=======================================================================================
վС˵ȫ--У-УԵ޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
=======================================================================================
ʮ
ߣ̰˯

ݼ飺
ʮǿΪż񷨣ս콾ܣ
߽߳â˻ģʮڣΪ


һ 丮


1 
ʮʮأÿһ춼һƬ嫵Ĵ硣ʮУӵһ쵽ʮ죬ÿһʱŻֻо߱㹻ʵͨʱŻһ򣬽ﵽߵĲΡ
˵ʮʮ̺֮أֻҪܽʮ򣬼ɴﵽ㲻֮ɾͨ쳹صʮ

׹ǡ
ɫԵЩ谵ۿžҪҹĻ֡
쿸һʪ͸˵ƲѪˮǴһѪۣˣ컹̲סЦӻŻˣ죬㻹еģ
ֵϻвˣȥȫ¶ɫ
񾭲
˫ʧ٣ҵ飬ĪǷ˲ɣ
ɨԶһ㣬ɱմʲôˡ
ָָ㣬۷׷ס
ôЩˣԹԵĳһȥ
촩ԽˣԭǵˣʮǰΪһ⣬ԽƬİһүϡͬүʲôӵܣɸȴǷǵһ̣ӵеĲƸǳˡ
Щõԭ˼үʵЩǰ˫ʧ٣үϹܼҵķԣδڵҰæ⣬䣬Ҳʳ˸ɾԼҲҺҲʱǡɴԽүϡ
Ƶǣھʮʱ䣬ڽƬİ磬һּ߳լڽȴǡڴεϺĪɭˣ˫ݾȹĪɭֱӶ֡
ͨˣҳĪɭĶ֣תۼͱĪɭŵ󵽳ⶾһٺֱ£һˮ̶ǿסھһ˻
ԹŮһǣ
ݺݵ
ʱɫѾ׺ڰԵЩ䡣
Ѿʪ͸ںдһ磬żĻζĩ˵巢Ƿµɽ񵽣Ƕڵķ紵壬˳ŷҵ˻·
֪Ϧôˡ

ƬİﻹһãСŮϦܹɺܶ£ʮΪԽİ磬һȺǷϣһֱϦϤչ
뵽Ϧ첻ɵ¶һĨ͵Ц
ıʹܿ죬һɪլǰּլ
ڻˣȥôʱ䣬ϦӦõ˰ɡ
Ц
˫֣լš
ʱһ־ŮլﴫаЦʱɫһ䡣


2 ̫
һ߿ţѭլֻĪɭūӺ˺һСŮ·СŮ滨꣬˺ˣ²壬༡¶˳һֵı顣
Ҳڣ
ֻоŭӿʹˣԽ˹ȥ
˼һ
С֣Ȼû
һȻһãүү·
Цȭӭȥ
ΪĪɭļūû޹䣬ϹȴСȭɲӣһɴȴǴӽֱӽ˳ȥ
Сֻе͡Ӷ죬ĺߵҲ̶ȰˣǰүֶΡ
ֻȺһСһȭƣɲǼ䣬ϵƻһ䣬·һͷͻ
ӸѾżԸСһȭӡЦС֣ͺúʱɣ
ĹάӺãֻĵ˵ͷ漴һһƻӳһƷ磬죺٣ɱ㣬ҲǴһɣ
ūţ
ѾŭɶϦҵģ뵽Щ챻СŮ΢չˣоԼؿһȼգ˫ֳֽһĳӡ
ӶβҲŰڶֵȴû
Ѿ޷˼ЩֻڿӣΨһ뷨ǽһնϡ
ȥ
˫۳죬˫ֻ䣬ݺݵնȥ
ۣ
һɫֻͣȭƣһֱȴѷ𣬴һƬĿѪ⡣˸ǴӼѿѪˮֱͦͦĵȥ
һӱնΣ

ҺѾżӾȻһɱµһĻŵˣҲͣ˳ȥ
ĲҺһ𣬶ʱ˲١
硭硭
ʱһǻϦɢңɫԵЩ֡
һ˲ܵ첽Ϧߣһ鲼ϦϣһʱЩæСŮɪɪľģĶԲСϦûãûб㡣
ԽʮһֱϦչϴѾСŮԼã񿴵СŮ˺ܹܡ
ϦŰ꣬ūŽ֮£õøϦ¶Ӱоŷ·Ҫը˰㣬Ȼɱӣ˫ɱ⡣
ϦòŴӾлعץ½ǳ˵ˣСϦţ粻ᶪСϦܵġ
оһᣬһİοֱϦֿڣСϦ͸뿪
磬Ϊʲô
Ϧűӡ
ǿһЦûʲôȥǡ
ȻҪϦȥǣӱɱˣȴ˳ȥضŵ¸ĪɭϣôϦȥһ㡣
รá
Ϧܹɡ
ʰһЩ͸Ϧʹ첽Ӻ뿪˲ԶȻ˴լӣ䵹ѰʲôһŲЩ
һξ룬һƻںҹ
磬𣡼Żˣ
Ϧе
ͷլȼһںڰԵüΪĿԼ䣬һҲ͸գѾּ̲ĲˣլСͷȥ
巢ҧϦͷҲصӡ
ڰУƸӿ͵촫
ϦĴޣ컳Сڿץ޵ĸβϣլӣ˫µΨһˡ
ĽϦԼţʹ󲽳Զȥ
ɽһ·ӵɽڲֹסŲ
ϦſؿڣܵźֹģѾ˹ȥУСȴڲʲôµجΣһۡ
̧ͷźڰеһ˫ֽ
̫


3 ļ
ɽĿܳʪ첻𣬵ıҺĪҲϦһ׳ĴϣԶڰеһԵúܿ¡
崫ʹҲһϮú˯˹ȥ
Ŵ׳ɣһΣУվһƬĲϣԶԶȥǰžŵӰһԡ
˶ץĳ
˫ۣһ˲䣬սһ̮ڳݣһ䣬һһ㡣
֮󣬻תһ׹䣬һģıݣֱĳ˹
ѽ
һ͵˫ۣ亹
ҹڣȻĴ׳ϣϦУΪ̫ģûбĴѡϵ亹ղŵξ̫£Ǳʵ̫ʵˡ
³һͻȻһ

ԼеĽأ
ǵãϦʱһֱУȴˣ
뵽ղŵξ쾪һ亹ɨܣԼɢŵĹ⡣
ַŵǰʱͫһ𣬴˿̣кȻһƣ⽣Ƶģ¼񵽵Ǳһ޶
⡭
ͫ׽
ʱһɾʹϮԺֻоһشݺݻԼͷ­׶ĵʹг
ʹδãܿɢȥˡ
ˮմʪˣһһ̣ԺͻȻطĶ䣬ƣӡ֮˸ѤҫۡһλɬĹžӿ룬Ժ
ľʲôй
뷨һ
ȡм䣬֪ԼһƬĹȣУе룬ÿ궼̤֮·ҪֹѵõһСҶܾУⱱ׹ڣǿйƿڵ۹С
ǣټĳǳغܱߣֻб׹µľ丮ͼйͨӵейһ㣬ԶԶ޷;丮ȡңҲὫйˣԣÿ궼־Ѫͷ­丮壬ϣΪ丮ӣӶϰǿй֮·
챾֮δ丮ȴпǵõйܲ𾪣
һӿԺеĶֱһʱ˫һй
ļ


4 
У徳ž磬ԴѪͶ쾭ΪʹûйһҲܹûйǰ£ֻܴͨﵽأ֮ǰͼˡ
ˣйԵüΪ
쾲ļԽ¿бԽ𺳡ͨԣһ幦ֻеأļȴǿһֱȥǿ󣬸ûյ㣬ֱһڶ
ڣΪ׹Ҳļȵ巨š
㣬ɵս˫ȭ
ļ̤֮·
УƬ绹Ǿʡ

һνӴУʵ˵Щͷ˼ΪˣľվҪͨ˸߳࣬ܿƽ
ͷŻ˯ŵСŮƫͷڰѾ΢Ļâ˸ľâ
Īɭϣǵţ
ս˫ȭ

ɫˮء
챳Ŵ׳ɣһ˯еϦ˫ۣʼһƵʺԶԶȥǹ۳˿һû뵽ڣء
ļ
ǹ壬ܿﵽһͣ쿪ʼתļ̼䣬ڵǹ·һУиѪ⣬ҪѪ¶졣
о˾ҵʹ˲亹ˮܲȴϦԱߣ볳˯еСŮ
ҹУǹ£ûڣ˿̣תļĪʹҧ֧ţĺһһ˳¡ģ֮ص֮ʹҲӵľҡ
ҹŴ׳ɣ׶ĵʹһһתļмΣʹĻʹȥȴ˹ͻҼޡ
ܿ죬ǳ䣬ʸһĨ
ٽʱɽڵĿ͸żʪ۾ֻоͨ泩ˬȫ
ߵ̫ˣ

һҹﵽء
徳ΪأǰشѪ⣬شǣش࣬ߴﵽ֮󣬼壬̼ѨûγӶﵽһ磬类Ϊ
־أ۳󣬻۾֮ͷ­ڿٳһʶɹأ͸ʵΪ¡类ΪʶʶսǷ۹ҶҪ񾴡
֮󣬱ǿޱȵվѾĲշУֲޱߡվǿǰȨֻЦȾǿԸ⣬һ۹¡
壬ʶգߵ˼
찵
۾ȥӦص


5 丮˿ʼ
ճ׷վɽϣѾƲּլϦѾ˹լӵķС᲻ס
СϦޣиء
ο
Ϧᣬ¶һЦţиڣСϦʲô¡
ֻоһᣬῴСŮЦĺǿϦֻǲԼġ
СŮȻѾôˡ
СϦԣ緢ģǷǵģһǼӱ
˵
Ѿûлطǣʱɽͣļʱ޿̲ļżҲһӿԺеЩ磬һΪǲ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ɽڣڿٴܼľ϶С߶ܼѣ˿ȴٶȼ죬Ƿǳ飬ܿٴÿһ϶
κͣ
ǲ죬ʩչ·Ƽһ㡣
찵
ϵĺΣϢƬ̣ٴοʼ
ɽҰɳ伢ʱĺܿ죬һȥ
һ죬̧ͷǡ
һѧΪ丮丮ÿһ춼յӣ׼ȥ丮
˼Ʒ幦ȴֻҪйУļԴЩԴ漰ܶ෽棬絤ҩɲݣ似ԼȵȣЩԴԼѰãɾ丮ȴṩ
Ҫǿ֮·Ͽǰͱý丮ֻҪܽ丮丮ȡúõĳɼܵõԴԴĽЩǵҩǿ似Ǿ˵ıҪЩ
СϦǻسǡ
Ϧ
šϦӦһ漴СǸ磬᲻Σգ
֪ϦڵʲôСŮԴ
ģ۷ʲô綼ᱣСϦ
Цŵ

ʱڣ丮ǰĹ㳡Ѿɽ˺
һ丮ÿһȶյӵӣǰ˶ൽ塣
㳡ԵϦûдϦּլȥլѾյĽƲϦġ
εĿˣ˵˲ǿˣѾﵽ۷壬仹С껹ʮꡣ
ɣô̬
ǻм٣ң˵ǿֻ١
⡭ûϣˣ
丮ÿ궼յӣյȴޣֻһʮˣǿֶˣܽ丮ϣͻСЩȻᵣǡ
죬Ҳ΢
ʮ꣬۷壬ȷʵܱ̬
ļǲҲأ丮Ӧò⡣
찵
ţͻȻоԶмĿԼϣתȥɫʱ
ʮ⣬Īɭļū֣Цų˹
С֣֪丮Сү
󻹸ˣ׳һꡣ׳һɷӣǱ˫֣һĮı顣


6 ַϹū
ɫкâ˸
ȥ⹷ūš
硣
Ϧܺ£󣬽ץ½ǡ
תȥϦԴСϦ£иء
Ϧԭر𶯣תˡǰӶϦĿûǣϦֳϦҲƬİΨһˣá
˺Լõˣˡ
ѾˣҲøۣ
ܣע⵽˹
ּҵǸСӣϵδ򡣡
ǰּլĪɭļūջ٣СӾţ󡣡
ΣڻΣˣĪɭһֱ˼ݵּСӣּһֱǿʢҲͰˣڡǼһˡ
ĪɭǹؼؼĪţǲǸֲˣ˵ǸѾﵽڵ۹ԶְΪ¡һֲĴ磬СôȥĪɭ濹⣿ֻܱ
ˣĪɭи󲮣˵Ǿ丮ĳϣ
ԭǷǵһ̣ȴ䵽زɱ
˽
㳡ϵ˼丮ˣв˱ڷǳȻ±ȽЩ죬ҡͷҪˡ
Ц
ֽţĪүǰ׳Ը漴죬аЦˣõãСүһú۰ģ٣
ϣ
ȵ
У׳Цųȭͷյø°졣
ɫ䵭δ˿ȶһǰȭĻ˳ȥ
飡
ǰһ˱һȭҽѪֹ
˴󾪣Գȭ
ϧǼͨ׳ɱȣصʵɲǽϵĴײˣֻת˲ѣĸ׳Ⱥ󱻺ɣڵϰϡ
ּСӣǴಡǡ
˾ȣǲ˼֮ɫ
ɫ׳ɶһЩϴг˴ӱɱŴ뺷Ĵȴ˾Ȼô׾ͱ̵ˡ
㾹һ֣ӻ治ССүȻôʰ㣡Ķһۣ漴һĵԵˣүְɣҪȡϵֽžУСĻһүء
ΪգĪҵһһصΪ˴ΣҲǿĪɭϲŴӦˡ
Ļյ˵ͷǰһ
ԷֽŰɣҲ붯֡
նĮȻ
ƾ㣿
ɫ䵭
նʱ˫һ䣺ʶôĶ
£һȭȥȭͬʱһȭ絴ͶԵ
ߣܣͬһȭӭȥ
飡

ղҽһȭֱָӱһȭˣ˸ֱӵɳȥӿзŵڵأҲˡ
ͫԲɫʱ䡣
ܣ
С
һվһȭɣ־壬ͷܡ
ϧٶܿ죬ܳԶͱ׷ϣһȭ֮䵹ڵϡ
٣𡭡ңСĴˣ˴ŹСİɣ
ġ
Ĺ㣿𡣡
Ц
һլз£ϦɪɪģжʱһĨ̵Ĺ⡣ȣŵ磬ݺһɲ

ɱĲҺɴѪֹʹֱӻ˹ȥ
ܣΧߵһ
úݣɾԷ˰
˵
˴˸ʶסɲһſ̫ˣ


7 ûС
ʵɱɽǾ丮Ҫӣɱͺпܻʧȥ丮ʸԣסɱ⡣
ܣȺĿ࣬סˡ
úݵֶΣ
˵
¶ŹֵɫЩ˶ǷǱǵ꣬ڡ족ǱȽ˽ģЩ˵ӡУһֱȽºͣ˵ųеȴ·ȫһˣȷЩ˺ܾȡ
ÿ
Զ
ȺƿһһŮ˳£һòʮӢŮƤ𪣬磬һɫһѵõˡ
쿴ˣϵЦʱŨ˼֡
һһŮĪɭϡ
ɨһ죬ĿЩȣȾȺܿʧˡɫٴαõĮԵЩ͸߰ͬһֻ㡣
ĪɭɨһˣĿ졣
벻ͦӲ첻ǳˡ
ĪڷǷǳļ壬ĪɭһֱϳԣԶھͷǳĲˬȻּѾҲѾһ𣬵ֻҪ컹ţͻܲ
үĲ˳ۣһ˳һЩµȥ
ааһЦ
Īɭü˵Ǽģ
Ȼʼ磬бһϣŮѾҪˣҲҪ˵û㶼ҪǼʲô
⻰һĪɭɫʱúѿǰһ˲Ҫ˵ŮˣȴҪˣһ˵Ȼɺܾɱ
˵ʲô
ϼ
Сųͬһ㣬˸
ɨһۣûУ˵һΣϣҪûӲҪˣڿʼʽ㣡Ů˺Сȥɣףȥظ

ȺУԭڷǳһȻǸ죿Ǹ쾹Ȼܹ˵ôĻ
ŭĪɭǸоջġ

Īɭγնȥ
ʱһ쳯Ź㳡ǰȥ죬Ԥʾž丮Ŀʼˡ
ƫƫʱã
ĪɭĶ졣
Ц丮ʼطֹһгֺ˽Ӧ㣬ǼūŸҡ
˵ʲô
Īɭɫ亮
ôǼһ˻Ȼһԡ
̡
ٴĪɭȺǰȥĪɭŭĶ


8 츳
丮Ŀ˷Ϊֱ֣츳ľս
һգһֿ˱ǣ츳
һ߶ԣ츳Ҫպĳɾ͡ν츳򵥵˵߶׺߶׺㣬ôͲܺܺõļȡУպĳɾȻߡ
֮߶׺ܸߣܺܺõļȡһٶȼ죬δɾҲἫߡҲΪˣ츳Ǿ丮ÿһ꿼״򲻶Ļڡ
丮ǰһ̨˿̣һߵ̨ϣشҶϷҪ˵һΣأʮ߷߱ʸ񣬲ߣȥĪҪ丮ˡ
ʮ£أϸ񡣡
찵
Ҳģʮ꣬ȫ߱ʸ
丮츳Եһʮ˿ʼ󣬿Ǻܿųʮ顣ʮ飬ÿһǰһ츳ʯЩʯ¶Ͽоſͼƣר츳ĵߡ
濪ʼһֿˣ츳ԣμӿ˵ĿǵʯϣתԪ֮ʯǵ츳ֵһΪһ츳Ϊ츳Դƣ츳ߺϸ񡣡
˿ʼ
ߵ
߻£ĳһǰʱпСĵĽʯϣԪɲǼ䣬ʯâͻԣϣ½
츳ϸ񡣡
Ŀٵ˵˾䣬ʱ⿼¶ޱʧ֮ɫ߳ȺįԶȥ
ͬʱҲ½пʼˡ
츳ϸ񡣡
һ츳ϸ񡣡
츳ϸ񡣡
츳ϸ񡣡
һ츳ϸ񡣡
ٵƬ㳡Ͽջص
ܿ죬ӹȥ
Щȣڣʮܹнǧ˲뿼ˣϸ߾Ȼֻвˡ
øߵ̭ʡ
զࡣ
ʵ֪׹˿ڶ࣬ʺȴʮ֮һ丮ڵӵ츳Ҫֱȡʺ䡱ͨˮ׼Ҫ߳٣ʴˣ̭Ȼܸߣ
츳ϸ񡣡
츳ϸ񡣡
츳ϸ񡣡
ٵ
ʱԱһǰ𾪺ƫͷȥֻǰվһӣĪɭԷʯϣϺȻ
츳ҵ죬˭
ĪɭĪŵ׵ܵܣ㲻֪
ĪţǸڵ۹ԶְĪţ
ɲǡ
˻
ܴһ˵ΪĪɭ츳ΪĪɭĴĪţǿһֲˡ
ٿĪɭЦܺãǸ˵ĵܵܡ
׹ڣ츳ʺ츳ƵƷ츳Ǿѣ츳ǾţһҲΪĪɭӵǼ츳ȷʵסˡ
ȥϢɣú׼ڶֿˡ
Ц
ĪɭͷȻһߡ
˼УĪɭ֮ϣĪɭϾͲ˲٣ոմﵽ츳ǿǺϸˡ
ʱֵˡ
ĪɭδԶߵʯǰʱЦּҰСӣǰһֱಡƾ˥ҲԣʵʵȥɣΪùūžͿ𣬱ˡ
бĪɭһۣôԷ
һԣʵһҲ⣬ȥļÿҹ䶼ڼȡǳ֮ļӿԺϢ֪ǳԶǿǳʲô
ȻԼĪɭɫʱ䡣
ߣ츳㲻УĪɭ죬ɫưһ˵ʺ츳Σѵܴﵽ츳ҿ츳ţһֻĴڣ
ԱߣĪɭֱۣӵ죺죬壬ҶԶԶȲϣҪ˵ĪɭȡҲͶ츳һԣ㲻ܺϸ񣬷ɣڷüҪȡ衣
࿼ߡ
Ȳ˵ܷ񼰸츳ǾԲܵġ
ϻǲŵ𡣡
۵
Īɭ§ϵЦ϶ǻлҪֵĽɡ
ԣˡϵͷͬĹ㸩죬죬֪㲻ģԸղŲŻⶥײҺĪɭͼǰһЩӣôĲЩһǵ˵ˣҸһεˣһʼ䲻ңһֻĪɭ츳ǿߣҪ޵ֻĪɭ
ɫƽ·û˵Ļ
̧֣ʯϡ
ʯ̼䣬ö
츳
Աߣ˽Զݣ¶ɫ
ϣǲмǰǵĳЩƨɺ棬һһ磬ôɣôɰٿڵӣСһ㣬Ȼ˽磬Ƕġ
㡭
ϵɫ˲úѿ
ĪɭߵֻǶѣԶˣȲң
ƫͷĪɭͻȻааһЦ
ˣ
ŵʯٴβö
츳
ͫ
һ̣丮ڿٶˣ¶֮ɫ
Ծ丮ʷϳֹ츳ĵӣֻһ˶Ѱ
Īɭ츳˲ţһӶҪĴڣ
ƽǣȴ˷̵ζ
Īɭɫѿ컹δԵʱһһԼţԶԶԼԼһӶҪĴڣڣ츳ԻǷ·һĶ⣬ۡ
츳ⲻܣһǲԱˣ

ôһڣ࿼¶ɫϾ츳̫ˡ
Աˣ쵭ĪɭԸʧܵˣЦ
ʯδĿһڵԪӿ
ˣ
ʯö
ôܣ

츳ʲôĸ
⡭
˸оԼҪľˡ
Ȼһвδʹ˽һ̣ʯϣڰö
ˣˡ
ȺסˣĿɿڴĶǰ·Լһ㡣
ʱһ𣬴ȫ
ھǣ
˫ԪӿʯϵͻȻеâ֣ʯ𶯵ĸӾҡ
ڣھö


9 츳˽
˸
츳
丮ǰĹ㳡ϣ˶סˡ
εİɣ
п૵һ̣˵Ŀⶼϣһ꣬Ȼ߱ǵ츳
ãپϲ𣺡úúã̫ˣ
츳Ǻεȸ
丮Դδֹ켶츳ĵӣȻ׹츳ҲǷëǰĴڡ
ƫͷĪɭôš
šҧļΪ̵ζ˿Ρ
Īɭɫǳ˹ʺһѿ
ѾȫˣȻž츳ǵ츳Ц֮ǰڿȲ䲻һ̣оջۡ
쵭ɨһۣһߡ
Īɭ˫֣޵Ķ졣һ̣𾪣ʧ䣬ʣһָȫļ䣬նЩŤ
طڶ࿼ɫãĿƶƶ
ֱ˻ع
Ǹ죬ȻȻ
ˣˡ
츳⡭ǲĳɳȥδԻһŶñ׹𶯵Ĵﰡ

Ҫ˵Щ˿̣Ȼֵһֿ˵ҲǼѡ丮ܹеһ丮ԣһĺ£˿̣Իǵ˫۾Ȼ˲١
̸߳ǣ
ЩѾͣ¿˵һڿǿѹĵľϲʹǸɿ
˼
пٻ⣬ȵ
츳ԼУʮ飬ʱŽ
ʱʱܹн߲뿼ˣȴֻٶ˺ϸٶУ󲿷ֶ츳츳٣츳ֻĪɭһˣ츳ϣҲΨһ
ϸˣ﹧ϲǣϢһӺеڶֿˣԺָٴǰڶֿ˵ĵص㡣
ֵһֿ˵߸ߺȡ
漴ߴҴææ뿪ҲƵĳ丮֮ڡ


10 ʯ
һӵϢʱܿȥ콫ϦʱиһȽϤ˼ң漴ڿһڿٵĴ£ŵڶֿ˵ĲԵȥ
ڶֿˣľ
һ;츳ҪľͬҪֻǿ츳ûм͵־δɾһãܻ᲻츳Щˡ
Ҫ֪ջܶ࣬ȨƸɫ߶ԣЩпԵģ־ᣬпܻʧУʧȥǰĶ
ʴˣ츳ֻȾ
ûм͵֮ģ츳ǿҲǰ״
丮ľĵط丮һƬտͥԺڣͥԺһ󣬴һʶǿ߿ӡ£һרߵľ
һ𣬳丮Ժȥ
ĪɭҲȺУɫΪͬ߰㶢ıӰ
Īϣˡ
ǰڶֲԵĿͣ
ֻǸ߹һʮҵˣϵϢܳȡ
꣬Īɭɫһϲ˿ȥ
󲮡
꣬Īɭһ
˶˵ͷɨһڿǰĿ٣˵һ츳ߣ˭
ҪشȴĪɭȡ
ּҵǸҰСӡ
Īɭָ졣
ΪĪΪĪҵˣҲǾ丮ļ֮һĪɭĻ󣬳˹ȥ䵭
Ƭ̺ջĿ⣬ǰĿ١
ȥԵ㣬ǰǡ
кԺ
ڶֿʱ丮ĳż٣һΣֶĪɭ丮ˣһ츳ȻҪȥһ
ߣ
ĪɭЦɨһۣĪ󣬳źԺȥ
ɫƽĪɭĶΪмȺڿٵĴ£ܿ˵ڶֲԵڵء
ȥɣԺǻһ޴ĻþУþݼǵڶֲԣֲܹأʱΪʱԽ߳ˣʾľԽǿʱδӻþ߳ˣΪϸ񣬽̭
˵
仰£ڿȺǰĴС
󣡡
п󣬿ٸߺһ
ڴУֵһ˲䣬ǰĳʱһƬѪɫռǰ޾צţͷ泯ζɭȻҪĵС
ɫƽȻ⡣
Ϊˣɣ
վԭزţͷֱд˹ȥ
һأͨ
û˼
е
һ̣תϦ£ƽ߾ͷǧڣĴضҡǧֳսìѪȵսײ
쾲ԭأɫû˿仯
ǰڷɽϣһޱʵΣŵİӰǰս˺񷣬أǬΪǾ˵սŤߵ
ǳξǰһĻʲô
ǧǧ˻ǿֱȻڿʱȻȴǸ֧ŲȥǧɲǼб飬ɢ
ڶأͨ
һء

أһĹУڷɴƮ㣬ʮŮ͸֣趯欵ˣ
ʱ䣬ڴɫ鲼Ϣ֯ÿһС
ʮŮЦĶˣͬʮ

˵ʮŮ죬ļĦ壬ȥɲʱ䣬ʮ˵ޱĺǰ
ԭʼջκѪڡ
ҡ
쾲ǹһĨЦĿһС
ΪˣټϴԽƬ֮£һǾǣؼ䣬ûǮûȨֲǿŮֻǸĭ
ڣʲôûУԣԣһȫǻӰ
ƬУʯɽ
ڣҪֻֻбǿ
ͥԺڵһʯ̨ϣĪ˫ŴڣԻˣҲǾ丮ĳϣһΪ࣬һΪʯ
һεĿˣ츳׿Խ߲٣˵˵ڶֿˣ˭ȴӻþ߳

ǰĴ˫ȴֱĶ졣
һֿ˵Ѿ츳˵Ľȳϣһ츳ߣȻڴ
˵־츳ûκιϵе츳ߣ־ȴǼΪеߣ츳ͣû츳־֮ȴǼΪˡ
ʯҡͷ
Īء
ͬϡ
ʯЦһ쿼ǵ츳㣬־ԣȴǲ˱ȵùĪǺӣǺⱲӼ־ǿˡ
⵹ʵǸһ֮ίʵ£ֱΪ
ͬ
ĪĪֶĪ¶Ц⡣
ĪɭǺӰ죬־ȥ룬һ߳þˣĪɭĻӦûȽϴ󡣡
Ī
ʯͷܡ
˵Īŵ˶ãƺһӰɡ
һӣһ㣬ڲŹȥӣǵǻСһ
˵Ц
Ȼһ̣˵ıͬʱסˡ
ǰУͻȻ˫ۡ
ô£
ѵǡ
ɫ
Уƽɨһ۴е漴ڿٵɴ˵˫УĴӴ˳ȥ
⡭
һߵ죬ڶֿ˵Ŀٲ㵱ʯ
ӣ߳˻þ


11 ţˣ
丮ԺУڶֿ˵ĿȻҲֹһ˿̣˶סˣŵ죬ͬڿһͷ㡣
Īŵļ¼ˡ
סˡ
ͨԣڶػþͨҪһʱܴ߳ĪŵһʱлþǾ֮ˢ丮м¼
ڣ¼ٴαˢˡ
ӣ
ֻ˰ӣ
ʯЦ꣬ѵһ˿û𣿡
Ϊ丮ĳϣʯΪȻܻͣʶǷͬ죬һ̣ȴһ˵ĸо
лþʲôĿ
֮˶¶ϲɫ
ţ̫ˣ

丮ÿһΣܹеһ츳ľĵӣܲˣ
ĪɫǰһĳĪɭһ߳þĻһʹӻþ˳Īŵļ¼ĸ飿
⣬ߵԶһʯϣԹ
ԣػþʵڲô
˫ۣ˼ŽĵֿˣֿǶսʵʵսⷽľȽǷȱúú˼һϾЩڶ죬ԶԶǵ˿ȡ
һĻʯУ˶ǲԼͬĵͷ
꣬ƽͣܲ

Īһ
ʯЩΣȴҲûзʲôֶӵķͷˣĪҲ
ʱУٿڿ
ȥɫ԰ףĿһͷ󺹣ȻڳżĿ顣
ܿ죬ʱȥ
Уڶ˫ۣĪɭ
Īо仰û˵ĪɭĪŵӰ죬־ȷʵԴˣĪɭҲԼżš
ʱ
Īɭ¶֮ɫ
ʱȳɼ޷Īȣȴɰͬ
ɨеҪһڻþпģɺܿüͷоȻûӰ
̧ͷ⣬նʱŤ
ΪӦûڻþû뵽ԷȻѾˣȻеıĿ

ɷ
ʯϣƺӦĪɭĿ⣬Ƶ˫ۡŴн˫ȭĪɭ¶һЦЦı飬ţˣ


12 Ծʼ
Īɭɫú츳Աѹƣ룬ڶصľҲǹ˷ͷ
û죬丮Ϊҫ۵ˣ
ףţɫôôѿĪǱһƨҪų
ɡ
ĪɭҲ̲סˣŭС˵ʲô
ȻƨƨʵЩѹһֱš
쵭Ц
ĪɭձøŤˡ
ĶţĪɭģһɱ㣬Իɱ㣡ֻ
ĪɭĿ
Цһ㣬ǵ뷨Ǿ˵һģһǰҶµ£㲻ᵱѾ˰ɣ
Īɭ˫۱һƬɱŽ
㡭
Īɭɱ⾪һ£̲סһ漴ʶԵЩˣɫøѿŭӡ
ߣ
һٴĪɭ±˫ۡ
ʱһһţУһһ󣬵ڶֿ˽ٶֻ˺ϸȫ̭
ԭϢһӣԺпٴȥֿ˵ĵص㡣
ڶֿ˵Ŀٵתȥ
Զʯɨһۣž丮һطȥ
츳ƿػþڴСһֵı֡
൭ЦʯǵͷΨĪɫôÿ
ͥԺУٶ໥һξ룬˭Ҳ˭໥Щ裬ΪǶԾ˭Ҳ֪Աߵ˻᲻ڽΪԼĵˡ
ʯϣ΢˫ۣɫƽ
ܿ죬һӹȥֿ˿ʼˡ
һֿھ丮䳡Уڿ䳡ֻǰʮ̨ÿһ̨С
ڿվ䳡УЩš
һأǵȥ
ֿ˵һˣɨһڿֿˣսʤΪ丮ӣʧߣǿٴβμӿˡ
ڿæͷ
Īϳǩ
˵
丮Ϊƽֿ˵ĶսԵĶֶԳǩ
վڿУʱоһĿԼϣƫͷȥֻһߣĪɭԶԶĶЦ
һĻѾ֪˽
ȻӺ󣬶սĶ֣Īɭ
С֣ţ
ĪɭĶ죬һҲ⣬һĨӵĶ
ɨĪɭһۣǲм
䳡Զһ̨ϣʯü߻صĪ˶ɵʲôè壬Ǵܹµĳ
Ѷ£Ҳ˵ʲô
˿ɣǲԼ丮
ʼ
ֿ˵˺ȵ
丮䳡һʮ̨˿̣ʮ̨ͬʱжԾʱһ𣬵ײǳϡ
߼ĶԾȻһ㡣
濴ʮ̨ϵĴ򶷣ʱʱ˸һ¡̤вնѣ߼ĶԾ٣һվ㲻ʲô˿̣ŸĶԾҲǳ˲ټʶ
ԾУУսʤ̲סĻ
ȻʤߣȻҲаߡ
ʧܵˣһʣʧǵ뿪
ܿ죬ʱȥ
죬Īɭ
ֿ˵˺
ĪɭЦɨһ죬̨վ̨ϣ䳤бָ̨µ죬־Ӹ̬ú
ɵ档
һ䡣
ɫƽӱϳһ̨̤
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼϣ츳츳ʣֿУĪɭĶԾעĿ
Ѿ׼ã˵ͷʼ
ȵȣ
ʱĪɭͻȻڡ
ʵк£
Īɭɨһ죬һ;࿲·ʱٸվΪˣ飬ҺⳡԾ㵽Ϊֹ˫ɶȡԷҾֻǵǱͷų

⻰һпԶݡ


13 
㵽ΪֹɶȡԷ
ⲻս
⡭
пԱɫ
ֵֿ˵üУ
丮ʮأ˵ʷϣɴδ·
һ˵ǲġ
ĪɭҡͷȴһҲ˵Ļƫͷһߵĸ̨ǶвУβʳǵ
ƫͷ̨֮ϡ
˶˹ȥڡ
ʯҡͷ׼ȴ룬ԱߵĪȿˡ
ֻĪĮһ;ȷʵףȻѡ·ҪʱһսľҾãδɡȻǷսҪ˽ͬ⣬ԣԼɡ

ܣڿٴζݣ丮ϾȻĴ𸴡
ȴǶ˸˷֮⡣
ܹһսҲף˿Ƕ뿴ء
̨ϣĪɭ죬Цô죬ҲҽսûȰ㻹ʵʵĹȥųˣûʸ̤
ԣ˶졣
һɫȴʼպƽû
ΪˣսǰοĪɭǰ
£
սΣҪսս
̨ϣʯΣĪɭȻͬˣҲ˵ʲôУԭֻһ£ʧҲͲˡ
ĪվȻѾôԾʼԾУκ˲óָԤ
һ˲䣬˶סĪɭڵ̨
ڣһ̨̣ϵĶԾҲͣ
ԭ˾丮Ϊҫ۵ˣټĶԾսȻø
̨ϣĪɭЦ̵Ķ죺С֣ϴãӵһοɾûôˡ
ɫƽгŵ⡣
ϻࡣ
£ҽһ̨̤˶ʱ˹ȥ
Īɭһǳֽӭȥ
˵Ӱ̨໥ײһ𣬷
ĪɭĽƺ࿼ļ¡
Īɭ츳һ۷壬Ȼܿ¡ǸȻǾ츳ȴֻأ֮Ĳ࣬Щ󰡡
ǸҲǣ츳δӻأαʱܣڿɺãЩΣˡ
С
һ;֮ÿһСĲǼͨԣص߿ͬʱսʮ߶ܣٶȺͷӦЩ棬߶Ҫص߸߳ܶࡣ
࿼ҡͷܿͻܡ
Ȼܿ죬ٴζݣ۷Īɭ쾹û˿Ƿ֮ƣĪɭĹеĳȴÿÿܵĪɭĽ



̨ϣײһǻ֮⡣
ɫ侲гÿһӳ·ǧ֮ڶκսӵֿ˿ʼһֱڹĦĶԾ߼սҲ˲֪սĪɭ
һδײĪɭǴڲ֮䣬ѷʤ
ˣ
ͻȻĪɭһ
ɫ΢䣬ֻоĪɭеĽÿǽ֮ϾһɫĹâ
꣡
̼䣬ֱ۰һ·ƣѪˮ
ĪɭЦЦ츳ôƿþôĪɭֻ·һ
ĽƸһӳоһӰ
һĻʱ˱ɫ
ǣ似
Ӧ似ɣ
˾
似սսսԼߵսʱǿ似ܹ߿ԽСս
֮Խ丮Ŀ֮һ丮ڵս
˿̣Զĸ̨֮ϣʯǶݡ
弶е似

ʯĪֻĪޱ飬˽üͷ



̨ϣ֮ʱص˿̣ʩչĪɭɷǳǿ󣬱ƵǱѣֱն˼ۡ
죬ˡ
ûʣˡ
˽ҡͷΪ䶨ˣϾĪɭ߳һС磬似£ذɡ
̨ϣĪɭЦ磺һСѾͷûܳɹûãܳϢһ㣬СֻŻˣñҲǻͦ˼İɡ
˫۶ʱޱȱ䡣
ģ

ΥŭϦַģгյĸ
Ǳ٣Σ
ĪɭЦ
㣡
űɱͻȻùֻһȴ˲Īɭǰгն¡
ÿ죡
˾
Īɭɫͻأչֳٶ󾪡
̫ˣ
˿ֵ̣


14 ǲ
Īɭǰն£ֱĪɭؿһĵۣʺѪˮ˲ɽڿС
һĪɭСϣһĪɭʱҽŵɳȥ
ת䣬סˡ
ĪɭԳ֧վؿڣɫޱ
С֣㾹ң

˪ԲĪɭȥ
ֱĪɭޱŭ

ŭ߶£ɨһܼӰ
һʱ䣬̨ⷽȫĽǣ˸оЩ۷Ϊ弶е似ǵʵЩ¡
ֻǣ˶͹ٶȡ
˫۱䣬ܣӭĪɭ˹ȥ˿̣ÿһŵ׶еâ˸ˮһ㣬һֻȻɵĸо
ǡ
Զĸ̨ϣɫʯվ
Ǿ֮ʱ̨ϣѾܿнӰĳĪɭһȭҳٴνĪɭ˳ȥ
һĻ˶𾪡
ܣⲻܣ
ĪɭУȻסĲ־ŭһӶг̨̼ǽӰܲŵ࿼ӡ
ܼĽӰıû˿仯ųһһͬһ˸ûһӰܹմ
ǰʧڣԺ˶ŹֵϢʼļִЩϢѰһǲ
˿̣ʩչ˫
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǲ˷·ⷽռںһгĪɭϣڿдһѪҺ
Ϧܵ裬еɱԽŨֺ顣

ĪɭҽУ̶Ƭ̼䣬ز򣬺󱳣ȣÿһλˣһնֱϣʹеĳ˳ȥ
˳˶ɫ
Īɭˡ
૵
ȺУϵɫޱȲ԰ף촽벻ףֻǶ̶նѣôô£⻹Լʶ
ס֣
һĪԸ̨վ̨
âһһסĪɭĺǲ˵̨һгֱӺĪɭĲϡ
ܵϵı䵶棬Īɭʱ֣󲮣ȣң
ۿĪɭѪۣĪɫޱ캮ССͣ־˴
Ī³仰ǿϢҲͬʱչ˳ˡ


15 ɱ
оһӴѹ丮ĳϹȻ¡
ֻǣȴη塣
еĳѹĪɭϣ̨һߵĪĪɭʹ似նҵʱûκηӦĪɭҿˣ˵ҴĪϣⳤϵĿǹ
䵭ķζκ˶ܸоõ
Ǻͳ˵𣡡
Īȵ
һҿɲǵĳҪԼ𡣡
˻ʱпԻȻǳĶײ丮˰
ȻĪɫʱ˼֡
淸ϣ
Ī̤ǰһ˲䱬һɺ˵Ϣ
Ϣֲܿ࿼ɫ԰ף̲ס
Ȼɫȴ˿䡣
г΢΢ѹĪɭĺʱѪҺ
סס֣
Īɭ־Уһ̣оԼƤеĵˣĺᱻٿ
Ǹʱˣ
ĪͣĶ죺ſ
ĪɭУٻЩ˼ɵġ
ЦĪϣҼǵöԾʼʱĪɭսһ޳ɣ˵һ仰ԾУκ˶óָԤôڣ̨ʲô˼Լ˵ĻǷƨ𡣡
˻
䳡ϣڿ뵹
Լ˵ĻǷƨ
ط˶𾪣ôô󵨣ǿǾ丮ĳϰǽڸôεĶײ
Ī͹𣺡
һ̣ϺȻɢһɱ
ǲҲȴ֪ʼʱĪɭҪΪ츳ĪɭߣΪľĪɭǿΪĪɭķͷĪ̵ΪڳǩʱЩֽû˲֪Īɭƿһ似ΪĪɭսǿԹ⽫ҺĪɭһĪɭսֱͬ⡭
ĪɭΪƿһ似һɱңϧǶʧˣ߿ĪɭĪɭǸ߿ԼǣƫǵԤ֪ԣڳ̨԰ɣҪ϶
Ҫ϶
߸쳹Ƭ䳡˽Աɫ
⡭
˶죬ɫһٱ䣬ȫķסˡζײ丮ϣڸֱԷΪҪ϶ǡ̫ˣ
ȻҲв˶ĪĪɭԱùŹһ룬ĻĺпܣĪ丮Ҳȷ̫Ҫˡ
Զĸ̨ϣʯӿЦСһ֪ⳡԾı»ҴݲȵĴӦӭսǡǿ
̨ϣĪɫޱ
˿̣ĪɭУһ˹ȥ˺졣
죬ͬһͷϻסϵɱӾˣ̷ſҼұ֤޷Ŵ뿪ؽң
ȷ

Īһ
춢ĪκѹĪɭϵĳ
һĻĪɭʱһɣ漴˫۾ͱЦСţ㶷ҵģһ죬һ㣡
롣
쵭Į
ĪɭĲӣһ˦֣ĪɭĪ˹ȥ
ʶ࣡
ĪȥĪɭ
Զĸ̨ϣʯһĽҲ㲻ȫ
ʱͻ
̨ϣȻһЦֱ̧ȣһŽűߵĪɭ佣˳ȥ
ۣ
ƿĪɭز룬ֱӹᴩĪɭࡣ


16 Ϊ
ʺѪˮƮڿУĿġ
ĪסĪɭϧסֻһʬ塣
౻ᴩĪɭ
⡭
䳡ϣ˶סˣ쾹ȻĪɱĪɭ

ĪˣŤһ
ɲǼѣĪ˳ȥһɿµֱѹ졣
϶
ϵôһĻǲˣͬʱǰ
ϧĪٶ̫ˡ
һеĳĪһƻ飬ԼҲǱһɰ˳ȥڿо̲סȳһѪ
飡
ˤڵأоλֻǿվڣȫʧȥ˷ֻҪĪһƣɣ
ʱĪѾٴγѹ˹ȥ
ʱӰͻأǰסĪ
Ī
Ӱʯ
˵Լǰʱоϵѹࡣ
ÿ
Īŭȡ
Ī֪֪ʲô
ɱĪɭ
Ī̤ǰһ
ʯüĪҪˣԼͬⳡսĪɭȻҲźڶԾɱĪɭûȨɱ
䳡ϣڶ࿼ع졣˵һصΪսӵ似ĪɭȻսʤնɱ˶Է
ֱ
ʱ򣬼Ī춯֣ߵѪԣ˶챧ƽĪʵ̫Ҫˡ
ÿ
Ī˫Ѫ˿ֳǰ̤һ
죬ɱܾˡ
ɫһĪϣݣעУΪ丮ϣڴǾ丮ҪΪһ˶丮ߣ
սĪɭԼĪ׿ڴӦڶԾйɱĪɭⲢûʲôοĪɭռڶ࿼ĿһУĪɱ죬ôպ󣬾丮ĸ飿
ң֮ͨǰĹ۲죬ʯ֣Īɭ츳ƷȴǲôݣĪɭЩźȻĪɭѾˣҲûʲô취ˡ죬츳־ᶨʶҲǾѣȥǽ丮ľ޴ʧ
ʴˣΣǶҪ졣
࣬ʯҪάСҪΪУ
Ī
ʯûпڣȴվǰ𰸲Զ
úúãĪŭЦɢɱ⣬Ұãһסģ
ʯΪҪά죬Ȼûа취
ɭȻɨһۣĪɭʬ壬ֱ뿪
ֱĪԶڿһ
Ǹоһᣬ漴˺һʯ
лλϣ
ϵ
໤տĻĪС
лͲˣӦġҡͷЦ죬СһôĶɱĪɭأڿɺãĪϼһضʱʱ̵̿㣬ǸĪţ
ĪźǿĪأ
ʵ
ĪŴأĪھء

üԼȷʵܿ¡
ʯȡЦôСһˣ
ڣһΣһǻɱ
ŶʯЩ⣬֪ɱĪɭ鷳ǶѣȴǼҪɱƺЩǣΪʲôأ
죬Щ⡣
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬ԵúƽжΪΪ
Īɭ£ϦˣлɱΪʲôɱֻΪԷǿļ͸
ôܣ
Ϊˣﵱųġ


17 
ʯһ𣬲˼졣
úúãһΪΪ
ʯ˸â
ʯ಻֪ĪɭľԹ˸ȴ˽һѪڵĸо·ٴλصʱ
ഺǻ
п
ʱҲͬѪϧʱȻܸ
찲վԭأһ̾ǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ע⵽ı飬ʯЦЦ˼Цˡ
ֿ˻ûнʯѾûбҪڴ˵ء˱Ϊ츳߶񳾰䶨ûʧ
˿˼漴ƫͷСһ
һ£ϣһи棬ܲȥӹҸոɱĪɭĪҵ˶ò
Ȼû⣬ȥɡ
ͷ
лϡ
칪л
ʯĸм
ȥСһöڵӸ㡣
ʯЦ
Ҳ飬³丮ȥ
ıӰʯһЦе֮ɫŨ츳־ʶʵǣ⼸޿ޣټһõĺֳǺǣοеһ鱦ˡ

Ϧص丮ʱʯѾΪźסһСݣȻԶԶȲϱٵּլܱߵĻȴǲǳ徲
Ҫǣ丮ڲܰȫ
СϦҲȥţ֪𣿸ܿͻ
Ϧ˵
š
Ϧɵĵ˵Դ
ЦϦСغ÷ź󣬳ŵӸȥ
ӸǾ丮һرڣҪ縺丮ӵϢ¼ͬʱҲƹͷӵȨ֮丮йص£ɵӸ
쵽ӸʱſվһŮŮʮ꣬˫˫βƯ˺ܶࡣ
죿
Ůʵ
ֹסŲ˵ͷ漴Щɻ󣺡ǣ
Ů֪֣Щ֡
ŮһЦҽ棬ʦ㡣
ʦʦǣ
һ
ʯҵǣѵŮʦ˵һˣ
ͷ֪˭˰ɡ

ͷ
ࣿ
ʱգƯŮòЩƤ


18 赤
ӸڶһʱʯƷ裬潫˽΢΢һЦ
Сһðٺˣ

ͷмٺˣлǰġ
Цҡͷʾÿ
λǰǣ
ʵ
ʯһЦʵҲûʲôر£㡣
ȡһɫСӣݵС
棬֮һΪ丮ӵƣ¼ĸϢһǾ赤ۺϿ˵һĽ
˵
׼лԱߣȴԲ˫ۣ赤
赤ǣ
С档
ӴնѣණǺֺ㾪ȣʱЩ
ǿһ죬һȻ֪赤𣿡
֪
ʵȷʵ֪
һʳָĶͷͬһ㣬赤Ծ¶ݣļ޷ϬĹ裬ҩİƶɣɸʣߵΪģ
󣿡룬ʵֵǮ
䱦ǮҲ򲻵
淭ۡ
ǮҲ򲻵
ʱЩôⶫͦ
ˣٴεл
öӦõĽ
ʯֵ
һ漴뿪
Ϊ丮ϣϵҲͦ࣬ûسϸȥ
С棬Ϥһ丮
ཻ˵꣬ʯ˳ȥ
ʹˣ
治ĺߺߡ
ˣȴûоܾ˸뿪ʹ˳ȥ
丮ռؼ㣬ŮĽܣú󣬶Ծ丮Ҳһģ֪
ˣڵΪǣ
ͻȻʵ
Щ⣬ȴûء
ذ룬漴Цɣ͵ȻȥǾ赤յǲ⣬Ӧܴﵽأ֮ȥѡ似
丮ҪΪֱ֣ǳϸ󣬾󣬵Ӹڿ䳡⾭Ǿ丮÷Ź似ĵط
Ϊʲôȥѡ
档
˿òھ뾭󲢲̫Զ
丮ڵڹƷ׶࣬ԲûʲôҪ󡣡Ľͣ似Ǿˡ丮ĵÿСһѡ似Ļᣬ磬һص׶οѡһ似ص׶οٴѡһ似Դơ
ȻÿһΪܹѡ似ȼҲϸĻ֣óԽΪȥѡ似ڴأ˾赤ȻԴﵽأʱѡ似Ҳ٣ʡĶһΡ
Ȼô˵Ļȷʵͦе
УͰ˵İ졣
˵
ǴԪҾܹ潫һݸ죬漴ֵǾˣһе£С졣
˵꣬Ѿͷһܿˡ
̧֣׼˵һټȴĳƺҭסˡ
С죿
һգþ


19 
û丮й䣬ܿصס
úҹĻ٣Ϧ˯СݵĶ󴦣ཻĽȡ赤ҩʳɫԼеķɢ
ʼ
һСĵĽС
ڼͬº͵Ȫˮ˳ź츹С
Ӻоڷ·ȼһŻ棬ȸкܿ鲼ȫ彥ù¶ļһƬɫ
ڣ
֪迪ʼЧˣתļڵĵ
ˣ
⻪תʹƬڰĶЩ
ģľоڷ·һɽ˰㣬ŨƺҪ壬˵Ҫڻ
һ̣ڵÿһ䣡
һ赤ме䱦
а
Խ첻Ҵ⣬ȫתļڵĵѪУȴһĴѪ⡣
һʱһ
һ̣ﵽأ
ʱһмĵһĴε

ļתͬ赤䱦ɲ˷һ˿һ
ֻǣ˿ȴǺ֮ǰһˣһΣǵѪԪΪЩ뵽ڡ
ǣ
ʹ
ɲǼ䣬һо˾ҵʹ
ؾ磬ǰشѪ⣬شǣش࣬ﵽ죬ʼԪֻǣǿɱȴѪѶҪߣĹҲȴѪҪʹ
һֻ̣оһѰиľ磬һشôĻͷʹ亹һŽһŵ¡
Ȼ磬еĹȴֱǻ
찵
ˣȴûͣ£
ԪǣʹǱüͼ̣ߵҲ֮ˣ׶λһԪͣڽ֮ڣѪеԪγһ΢СѭӶʹߵѪǿ
һתļܼΪʹ࣬ȴģƤ֮ǰǰ
ֹȥĸʱڰɢȥء
˫ۣ³һվ
ȭͷ壬ֻо࣬øҲø·ʹ
أ
찵Ծϲ
һҹУȻֱӿ뵽أһ޴ĽҪ֪쵽죬˵úķһʱ䣬ֻһҹˣܲϲ
ͬʱҲᵽ赤
ȥѡ似ˣ
һѡ似£˫۶ʱ
ȡעԪʼϵ档


20 ѡ似
ǰ·ϣӣĵ죬˯أͱԴΡ
Ǹ̫ļˡ
ε
丮Ŀؾ似һҹУﵽأ뵽Ҫȥѡ似ˣȻЩͼС
ָ죬ߵ˯߶ŮӺҪرŮ˯ãƤģ֪С죬Ƿ˴
캹գǡ
һﲻƤ
棬ܿ˾ǰ̧ͷȥΪ㣬һֹӶĸо
Լȥɣ㡣

ͷ˽ȥ
кƵݸϣ󰲾ĵȴ֮ǰѾȥӸϢĸ¡
Ԫ̽һ£΢΢Щ죬漴죬ϵڶ¥ȥɣѡһڹһ弶µ似һ弶е似ѡʱΪһʱ
似Ʒ״Ǹݾֱ֣弶似似ʶ似ռ似ÿһƷ׵似ǿַΪµȣеȺϵΡڹϺ似ĵȼһġ
丮ĹƷ׼࣬δ֡
лϡ
ӹƣŵڶ¥ȥ
ڶ¥ŷһеܣϰڷŸʽĹ似Щۻҡ
նննдһǿһء
ȣȳƱƻޱǿᡣ
ͷһʯѵء
췭ϵһ似ַ¡
ѡ似ҪһʺԼ㹻ʴˣȻ
߹һܣǰͻȻһ
罣弶е似ΪԿΪģ޵ʱ磬նȻķ硣
綼նϣ
һˣ
Ѱ˰ʱ쿴һΪӰȭ似Ϊ弶µ似ʺϽսȭؾ磬һΪӰȭڶΪȭӰȭɴԪȭӰȭȭӰ棬
ǲӰȭЧӦò
찵
գѡ˾罣Ӱȭ似ѡһؼ漴µڶ¥Ѿ˶幦ļʵϾ丮Ĺ֮ѡһΪ˶Ŀ
ϣѡĹ似
һ¥ѡĹݸϡ
ɨһۣ罣ʱ¶һĨŹ֮ɫȴҲûж˵ʲôµǼǺ󣬽似µݻ죺ʮڹ黹ȥɡ
պ似͹һ漴˳
߳ʱӭ˹ѡ
ѡˡ
ҿ濴ѡĹʱüͷӰȭ㲻⾪罣ȴѡĲ̫á
̫ãɣҿ£ܲ
档
淭ۣȷʵǲǿ弶е似ҲΪǿǿѶȴǸߵľˣô丮ڵĵӻδ˽׽Բ磬Ѿûѡ似ˡ

ʱףΪʲôڿѡ似¶Źֵıˡ
ô찡似һѡ󣬾ͲˡЩգӦǰģ
쵹һҲ⣬ǰο棬ЦûµģɹҲУĻһܽԲ硣
ƲƲ죺һﵹͦ
ǽšЦž漴ֵˣ棬Ҹȥ似
ĻԼס似ǾͲˣ似սս
䳡롣
ǣ
棬䳡ʲôȴǲ֪
ӽ͵ھ丮棬һƬ޴ɭ֣ضޣ丮ĥ¼ĳҲ似ľڡҽ㻹䳡ȽϺãϾ䳡ٷְٰȫȴ׿ĽǼղˣ֮Σ
룬УǾȥ롣
һ;Ǻ˺ǻʲô
ߣҪһǰ
һΣԭȰһȰ죬ᶨ󣬶ʱʹеͷ߰ɣҴȥڴ
лˡ
Ц
ŮȻЩƤȴͦãܸм
󣬳һ̫Ϥĵطȥ
ʱӭӣΪһŽ£¶΢ЦɰС棬첻ֱƯˡ
ܺƣ˭СˣҺ㲻죡
Щˡ
Ϊܺƣͳ˧֮ӣΪھأʵǿܾ丮ڵӵľη
ܺЦЦͻȻԱߵ죬üͷ΢壺С棬ǣ
޿ɷ档

ܺҡҡͷЦ棬С棬Ҹ׽Ҫһ磬Һǵ£Ҳϲȥ͡
Ӳˣʲôǵ£ܺƣҺʲôҲûУѾ˵ܶˣҲϲ㣬֮һĿҲûУˣ
ܺһĨ֮⣬ȴʼմЦ˵ҵһԸж㡣ˣȲ˵ЩҪʼˣǵøϽȥ
˵ţ̧֣ܺ档
ʱԱߣһֻ˳
ããҽ죬Ǹոս丮ĵӣա
Ż䣬һЦݣԱסܺ֡


21 似
ͻĶһĨʡ
һ
С죬Ȼ֪Ϊͷ
ס֣ܺһĨâȴȻЦá
ܵĶͷܺٴ棬ЦС棬һ£º丮ڸѡˣһұضԽڸȻЩʱռ۹ԶҵʵԶҲضһܱΪȵǸʱСˡ
üһ˵ı顣
ڸûܽȥأѾűˡһۣ°֣ѾˣӦûβŶ԰
꣡
ûסЦ˳
ܺɫ΢ϵЦʱ˼֡
Сӣ˵ʲôܺվ˳һƾͳȥĶ
һƷƼΪˡ
۷壡
󾪡
ֵȻЦøǿ˼֣ݺ졣
̧ȾһţֱСϡһ˶ʱҽŵɳȥСڵϷþ
㡭
һԭҲ붯֣ۼһĻʱ˾⡣
ȭͷ˽ҲǣҲǡ
ܺ죬ָս丮ʵӢʵǿͬţ᲻Щ̫ˣ
֣Щм˼Ҿ͸վԭأʵʵһƣͲˣˣվ𶯣һԡ
Сӣʲô̬ȣ
δҶֵ˺ȵ
ɨһۣ߶ʱһ̲סһ
ֵܺ˺󱳣ס֮ƣǰһ죺ֹǺǿһʱҲдһ֪Σ
ܺ죬ɫƽȴһֱȵζ
д裿ζܺƣЦãдȻû⣬ʱ
ôںʱԣ
ܺƵ
ºڸѡǸʱá
쵭
ãǾ֮⣬ºһսܺһĨâ֣ԼˣǲԼɣΡ
üͷһ壬ҪܾȴǱסˡ
˫۶ܺƣκ¶һĨаЦ⡣
ΪˣôȥˣܺȻһα֮ˣͲǰһ˿ʾ
£±ս飬ʱ䣬º
Ը
ô֣º
ܺЦһۣתȥ

ǰ·ϣһԹ죺һôʹӦأֻʱ䣬׷ܺƵġ
ЦЦ⣬Ȼһ·Թȴ֪ԷΪġ
㻹Ц
ЦĲС
̲סۣЦô죬ѵ㻹ҿ޲ɣǸܺǰȴβʹǰʧͺˣ
룬ã
̯̯֣ǲͽˡ
ڴ볤ϸȽϽһӺȥǰһ޴ʯţʯ丮ִš
ԼСģȥǧܣڱԵҸطͺá
涣
˵ͷ߳ͣ
棬м㡣תȥ似ƻķѺܳʱ䣬鷳ȥչﻹϤ
΢㶣Щ졣
˵һɱĪҵǸĪɭʱ۾գһ£û뵽þȻôᡣ

˵ʲô
̫С첢û
æҡͷûʲôûʲôȥɣõ°ϡ
УǾ鷳ˡ
Ц
˻֣ƽŵִ¿һۣ漴˽ȥ
ʧķһ
˵һղŻͦ˧ġ
Сֹ

Ƹӣ࣬ǵãʯŴƬԭʼ֡ƬУһľеʵ̫ڴ׳ˣȥһֱ׿⡣
ҡҡͷѰһʺ似ĵطҪ
ռؼ㣬Уʱʱ޺ХԶҲܿ丮ӵӰȻЩҲ첢ûȥڱԵѰһֿĲݵء

³һ£˫ۿʼתļʱ䣬˷ӿһ㽫Уһ㡣
˰ӣȶ˫ۡ
ˡ

似ǰԼľ񱣳۷״̬Ϊãת˰ӵļǽ״̬ˮƽ
վɫ£ͺȵӰȭ
˫ճȭ״нĻӶȭͷĿʱ˵졣һδγȭһֱӵͣ£ϢƬ̺ٴοʼ
飡
飡
飡
Ƭݵϣ첻ǶſȭʹԱߵľҳȭͷһȭȭڼ͵ľϣȭײѪ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱʱ䣬첻֪ԼѾӳ˶ȭҲʱоԼȭͷһסˣԪǷ·Ҫͷһھ⡣
Ӱȭ
ߺһȭ˳ƻӳ
һŵȭӰ֣ŻԪֱǰһľϡſһ죬͵ըһС룬ľм·ɽ
΢΢һЦʱǴ˵һصıԵ
ӰȭΪ弶µ似ΪأһΪӰȭɴԪȭӰ޵߾ʱһԻӳʮ˵ȭӰǳǿ󣬶ڶΪȭȭõһصȭӰ棬Ӳ
ֻʱʹ˵һӰȭ˾ŵȭӰò˵ٶȺܱ̬Դȴ㣬丮ǿ߱Լ񻹲Զýյܺ˵ԷԶǿ
ҵøŬУ

һ˫ճȭ״ٴοʼ


22 ݶ
ѾӰȭһؾ磬ͼ࣬Ƭݵϣ첻ϻȭеȭӰӣֹȥһʱڿһԻӳʮ˵ȭӰӰȭһԲ
һأʮ˵ȭӰ㲻
¶һ˿Ц⡣
ϵĺˮԭϥ£תļָԪ
似ΪķԪʱʱһֱڲͣԪȻĵĺءԭתļʱվ
Ӱȭر콫罣ȡ˳
罣Ϊ弶е似Ӱȭ߳һΣܹΪʽֱΪһʽ֮ڶʽ֮ʽ֮
֮Уơ
֮磬һɱ
֮ǴԲ֮Ʊ죬һӰ鲼죬ųȻеķ綼նϡ
ǿĽа
ر漴˫ۣԺжʱһӰ֣ϳһ׷ĽУѭǾ罣еĵһʽ֮
ȥʱ˫ۣվ
Ϊ̫æûдֻߵһһ֦С΢΢¶ףоâֱն˳ȥ
ˣ
ֻӶе֦˻
һɫâĽде֦ǰ˼һԶһʯᴩ󣬾ʯǺһը鿪
ǿЩ˷ܣֻžĵһѾȴɵӰȭҪǿ˲٣ҽһʽ޵ɣǿԱȵӰȭڶصĻȭˣָ֮õǶô£
𼤶֮ģһٴοʼ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
տĲݵϣлƿ֦ϰһʽֱ֮ʱͣһʱһʱʱ䣬콫һʽ֮޵˴ɾ
֣ƺûô
֪⾪罣ѣֻǵһʽ֮һ˾͵úķһµĹԲȴֻʱ޳ˣЩŹ֡
֪ٶ֮ô죬ΪԽ󣬼ԭ˵ںһԶˣŻ°빦ңľ츳Ҳйء
ҡҡͷҲ룬Ϣ󣬼ʼ
һۣɫð
̧ͣͷһգ͵ɡ
ϵĺˮϵĳѭʱ·ž丮ȥʱһ޴ʯŸҰڣʱĴš
ˡ
쵭һЦŲӿЩ
ʱǰͻȻӣסȥ·Լʮңһ£һΪ۷塣
ʲôˡ
쵭ʵ
شĻһϷŰ죬Сӣ˵㵨ͦʰ֪ٶС˼Һ޳ܵСߣԼս֪֪Ѱ·
Ŷʱ˲ڳɣܺƸǣȻģ
Ц
һСӣĪҪС֮Ķʾ֮ˡ
ٷϻЩͣʲôֱ˵
ԣʱ¶Ų֮ɫʲôֵ˵ΪʲôԷ𣿡
СӣȻѾԼºԾҲܾôˣܵøѵС곯ȥʵʵű𶯣ֻһֱۣǸҷһȡ
ɫɣС
ȻʧЦЩĵֵͦڡ
Ųһͣɫʱ
˵ʲô
Ķ죬쾹ǹ
˻𣿹Ȼ
쳰
ɫʱ

ȣһƳȥ
΢΢࿪ӣѸ磬һڽ䡣һӵ˳ȥݺײڲԶһϡ
һ֣
ɫһ˫צѹȥ
ʱ䣬оһϢ·һֻӥչצˡһһŽűߵһʯ˳ȥ
צ
ߺȣܣֱʯ÷顣֮ǰ죬˫ճצ״䶾
΢΢˫ۣ
һȭӳʱ䣬ʮ˵ȭӰӭȥ
Ӱȭ
С
ߵ˫ֻӶһצӡգʮ˵ȭӰתۼķ顣
ʱ򣬽ѾվձЩ
Ūֻ֣
וּһһն
˫ۣϳֵ֮ǰھ￴İΪе似꣬ôצҲ弶е似
ӶӰȭǲ֮Եࡣһʱ䣬ͽȻһʩչ弶е似Ҳմ
ֻ𣡡
ŭ
Ŀŭ˵Ϊ߳һ˿˿չ弶е似ȴڵһʱѹ죬ɫѿ
㣿
쵭ĮһЦֻʵˣԼܹӰȭǲϵεȳ̶ȡ˿̣ĻǹһĨЦȭһգִӵϼһؿ֦һƶʱڳ
֮
ͺȵ
һ̶ĽȽƻеĳʱһ۶ϣһߣӲצ֮ײһ˫ֶʱѪⷭɣطָǶ¶˳
ǲϣӰȭӳϡ
飡
飡
˲ҽŵɣѪڵҲ
ͣٺ󣬳Žȥ
Ҫʲô
ɫ
ϷŰأѵԷɣ
ɫʱޱȣ仰֮ǰģڣȴһֲĽ⻰ͺñǺݺݸһǶ⡣
һ̧𣬺ݺһŲڽϣʱ䣬ͷѵ

ҽУֱϵˡ
ɫĮ̧𣬽Ҳȶϣ֮ûͣ£ٴγȣϥϥǲ飬˶Էȡ
˵Ҫֻ֣Ȼöһ⡣
쵭
ʹȥ仰ֱһѪˮ˹ȥ
ɫĮһꡣ
㡭ôôݶ
еһǿ־֮ɫ
ݶ·ЦЦܵҪ˫֣Ǹʱûݶ֣
㡭
껰һͣɫʱúѿ


23 ͳĶ
Щ˾Űʱú˷ܺгɾ͸УɵȻ淴ʱȴ̫ݡ
ˣȻ顣
㡭˶ǣٲŹģ

첻м˵ĺҲǣͻŹƵġ
̧ȣֱۺĲȥ

ҺʹŤһš
ޱ飬һֻ֡

ҽһҲϵ˫ۺȡ
ٻǱģһŪ㣡
ŭ
˫ֺȶϵˣҲ֪úķѶٵҩݲָܻ
ǻùϲ㣬ұĻŵˡ쵭ɨһۣٴ̧ȣݺһŲȣԣǽ
ſһһҲȶˡ

Һһʹֱӻ˹ȥ
쵭Įɨһۣת뿪
ôˣǾ丮ֹӼ໥ɱ˱ŷֽŵĿĶϵԷֽţ丮ҲɱˣǾӵ丮ˡ
صסʱѾװϦ档
磡
Ϧʱϲӭȥ
ЦЦСŮԴ
лˡ

Ѿôˣ滹Ϧܸм
лʲôҡͷգգ۾ˣ似ôرǸ罣޵ʲô̶ˣ
ӺףЦС
ӣʲôлУ޵ʲô̶ˣ˵£ֲȡЦ㡣룬ֵ츳ôҲһǿܶ౶ٽ罣һʽɰɡ
ӺףΪеĲ˳Բ˼ڡ

ʲô˵

캹գѾͷֻСϻ
ӰȭӰȭѾ޵Բ罣һʽ޵˴ɡ
˵
ӰȭӰȭԲ罣һʽɣţѾܲˡ˵ͷͻȻ䣬ɫһ䣺˵ʲô罣һʽɣ
죬Բ˫ۣʲôЦ丮Ǹ츳ţҲǻ˶ʮŽһɣǾ츳ҲôŰɣʱͽһ޵˴ɣ
ӰȭҲˣɾ罣ǳʦ׽ЩΣ쵹ãʱͽһ޵˴ɣš
һŵı飬һ䣬һȻɢ
⡭
ٴζݡ
˿չֳĽ⣬ȷʵǾ罣һʽɵı֣ԴˣΪʦΪʩչһ
Ȼ޵ˡ
૵
ɢȥ⣬ʼ磬Ȼģƭ
죬κŴ伷֣̬
ʱͽ罣һʽ޵ɣֱе
ǧô˵̬˼ɶأǵִһŮӿ³ʱᡣ
΢㶣һͷӦ˹Ưʱ糺졣
å
ݺһţܵˡ
ݸƤѾͷȻҲẦߡ
ҹѾˣغ÷ţϦ˵˻Ϧ˼С£СŮֱЦһ˯ˡ
簮Ŀ˯еãСĵϷţ˳ȥ
󴦣˿ʼļļأǳ֮壬ʴˣÿҹһļ
ˣ
£ûڣһתļЩǹԪ֮ڣǡ̺ʹ࣬ǰһεľѾ˼׼Բ⡣
ܿ죬һʱȥ
ǿմµǹϡ˫ۣ壬վ
˵ûѶȹ˺ܶࡣ

徳־أһֽ㣬򵥵˵صھصѳ̶ԶԶһصؿȣҲΪʲôڴﵽغ󣬱йܼǰԭ
ºúصܺһսǣڵٶȣºҲܴﵽأضЩѶȡ
üͷ
츳ҲҪʱʱ䲻ôܱǿҪ֪ںļؾɲǰô
µʱ̣ҪϢҪķʱϰ似ʱȥΣôһʱʵࡣ
뵽첻ɵ˼УôѸٱǿ
ⷽ¥˰ʱȴûʲôͷֻա
ˣͷȻֱϢ
ҡҡͷ

ڶ峿𴲣ӭųɡ
һ֮ڳΪ˵ͨ˶ԣʱĿһЩʱĿӻ˥ϣ˵ʱŨк
ʱɣоԼľǿʢһЩ
ˡ
һž丮ڿȥ
Ǿ丮ԱһڿεӣһʽĿˣһĿΣûȥһ±ȽϺãңһ;ļⲢ࣬żһ丮ʦǵĵҲбҪġ
ڿεصʱѾˣңЩв½丮ĵӣҲһЩϵӡû⣬˸λ¡
丮ĽúܴΪ˶࣬ҲԵЩӡ
˫һ۵ĽȴʦĵͬʱҲӦµʱϢϰ似ٵôﵽزܺһսʵһ⡣
ԼȥӺ󣬽ͻȻ
ʦˡ
һ
̧ͷȥֻһӻ׵˽һɫۡԸо£ߵΪʯ̫࣬Ŵڡ
߿һڣҸǵĽѧֻۣĵãԼһЩļɣȻżҲὲһЩͳĶ
߻£һЩӶʱɻ
ͳĶʲô
С
ţеӽϴĵվʦʴͳĶָʲôܺһ𣿡
һԽ˶꣬Ȼ󣬲Ҳܶ
۷׷ףҲ
ͳ̤·˶ָ򵥵ϰ似ǴͳͳĶȴ֪ͻȻôһ仰󲿷˶
󲿷ֵӶԼߵ˵ͷðɣԭӦǽͳɣȻ֪ͳĶҲû취ˡ˵ţӻͳһ飬
еƾɣҳݻƣ滭ֵͼơ
ʲô
˲⡣
Ҳеı飬ҳЩѾЩģĹŹͼƣɫʱ΢΢һ䣺ǣ


24 ʦ
ȡıϵЩŹͼƣ첢ǵһμǰںԺжණоͼƵĴڡ
ЩͼƵǡ
Щȡ
һڣڵҲǲ⡣
ߺҳơ
ƣ
ɻ
ƣǿʦǾ޾ϰĽᾧνʦǾ˵ĴͳĶ渵ʦܹԪһЩͨҲʹõ似ᣬܹ̻ߵٶȣܹͨӡڱǿ˵У۷Ŀʦ֮пӡɱ磬ֲ

߻£˶ݡ
ʦҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
΢ˡ
ԭԺеЩŹƾƣʦĶ

ͻȻ䣬˫˵˲ʦйصĶΪģǿʦܹ̻ͨߵٶһ㣬Ҫ֪ٶ⡣
ʦΪʦܽ𣡡
ңʦҲѧ֮
ҲҪѧ
ڣ󲿷ֵӶ
Цҡҡͷѹ˫֣ʾ˰
ʦڱ׹ĵλܸߣǸ£ĶһΪϸĿʦǮƸȨͳͳڻ¡߿ڣϧΪʦ̫̣ԶԶһ˿Դﵽ
ԣ˶һ㶡
ʦҪʲôܳΪʦأ
еʵ
Ҳ˶䣬νĿʦΨһڴﵽصȻ
˵ҪΪʦٵþ߱һҪԶ˵ǿ꣬ڶҪǿĿʦơ˵ҡҡͷ׹ڣܹﵽΪʦǿȵϡٵһƣʦǼ⴫ԣΪʦѡ
һ³֣˶һ
ǸȲ˵ʦвǾ𣿡
еС
ԣ˶ߡ
߻˻еıЩֻһЩʦֻ£ֱһЩ˽ģ߱ϣȫûвļֵ
Ӷ¶ʧ֮ɫ
Щ˵ķӦЦˣҪΪϸĿʦȴǰ⣬ҪʵǮƣΪʦϰӡƵʱҪķĲϣһ˿֧ŲȻһΪϸĿʦһЩ似ҲüǮ׬Ǯɡ
ôһ˵ڵӶԿʦˣȻҲʧΪΪʦʵ̫ˣһ㶼ѵľˣ˾
ˣ룬ʵ;
ߵ
ڨڨһЦǶԣʦʵ̫ңԶˣǿʼ߽봫ͳйصĶ
˫ȭоâ˸ʦԭˡ
ÿܹһʱһʱڿνʱ첽߳ãԼ丮סȥصסֱӽԼʼ𲻾ǰԺеЩơ
ºܺһսٵôﵽأʱϸãΪʦ̻ͨٶȣǰΪҪģһ㣬ߵҪķѼԴ絤ҩͱȣܳΪʦʱ׬ܶǮȻʵҩƷ
ʴˣҲóΪʦ
˫ۣ쿪ʼںԺеЩŹ磬ʱ䣬һ֣Żɬµϣͬһиͷ­۵г
ʱֱʱ֣˫ۡ
ʹˣ
Դ߶ģˣͷѡ
ˣȴǺ˷ܣںԺеЩŹѰƣоᵽľƣΪҪǣƲֻΪưˡ
ƣƣǿƣ󣬻ɱ󡭡

ԴݺݵĻ˻Ρ
ӿԺеʵ̫ˣľƵ߼ɱһƵԺУں£ֱҪͷ­űˡ
ֹȥһʱںЩ
ĸʱʱ䣬˽νпʦУڳΪʦ֪ԼѾﵽҪ󣬷򲻿ԺеƣЩϣԸо˺̣Կ
ʦУȱᣬͨʹƤֽһȽϼ򵥡ǵڶһϣ̻ƵīīͨĥҩãʱҲҪһЩ߼޵ѪҺ
īú󣬾ͿԪѾƵƿӡϣƳһЩƷһҲѵһڣͨԣеĿʦ̻ʮݾᣬһݳɹͺܲˡ
ȴ⣬ڶҲǼΪʧܣһʧܣϱ˷ѣǮȻҲ˷ˣҲΪˣʦвŻἫΪķǮƣһĺ֧йҪĵĲǮ
ơԼɨѰĲϣʶ˳ݣ׸ԳѪҺ
Щϡ
ģ첻ɵÿЦ
ݺͽ׸Ҳˣ𣬿ԳѪҺԼֲȴǹˣÿһֶҪķʮңһݾᣬĵһңǵʧܵپ͵úķһǧϣſǿһھƵľ
Ҳ̫Ǯˣ
Ǳ׹ͨõĻң˵ĳԴĲɣͨ˼ҶԣһöҾѾάһµˡڻ¼ҲͲʮңһݾĲ϶
뵽ʱһͷ
ֻȥǮˡ
ε

ʲôһǧңҪôǮ
졣
һǧңȻǶ丮ϵ״ӶԣҲǺܴһǮ

ڨڨ
丮УϤҲ棬ʯǿɶ丮ĳϣô˼ȥҳϽǮȥҲֻæˡ
˵Ϊˣ⻹һŮӽǮ
ʲôȻҪôǮ
ʵ
Ӻףܣʱ˵
ܣ
죬ʱӡ
һΣʵڲ֪˵ʲôá
һջûΪ죬һǧҡ
ллˣһᾡǮ㡣
ŵ
ȡһǧҺ쵱صס˼ɫӰס丮˳ȥɱĪɭУһ¶丮⣬ǻͻΣգ㹻ǿǰûСĵΪá


25 ϰ
ױ󣬷Ĳϳ۵أͬʱҲǷΨһһһĵҩɲݺͱܴױãȻǰǵ㹻ҡױڷǵʷǳƾãǺ;丮һֵģСϢƣױһصĴ֧ţ۹ҶЩʡ
ҲΪˣױľˣȴ˸Ҵע⣬һЩǿҲԸױҪʲôױʱòϵĺöҲύױȻ֮ױȡɵΪ͡

ڷǵĽֵϣ˶ĺɫȥòȴԵЩ޳ڵ죬ϦˣҲԱϳ
ܰȫ
찵
Ҳ޹СģɱĪɭĪǳ壬ȻԶԶ޷;丮ȣڵԣȴǸȻڵǰİȫǣֻСĵ¡
ܿ죬ױǰ̧ͷȥױԵüΪݻһ¥ĸоվǰ˲ĸоԼСױǰмǿĻأЩУ߽ױ
ױڲĿռǳһױڲҲǽ̻ԻͣΪɡ
ݻ
찵ľ
ױΪ֣һǱҩͲϵȶĳ۳һΪϡվױ룬⳯ķȥʵںܶ࣬Ҹ¹ڳȻܸС
ҡҡͷתһȥ
ʱһķпʦ弶е似ƾᣡԱ̣ϣ
Ųһ٣ɵת˹ȥ
ԺеһЩ֪ʲôƾᣬƾǿʦ̻ںƺ󣬽似֮뵽УƳƷᣬνƾᣬȾᣬͨҲչǿ似֮
ȻÿһƾֻʹһΡ
Ϊ˹ʦУ˿ͻȻʦйص£ȻЩ⡣
弶е似ƾ᣿
Ǹ⻰һλױ˶ݣױڶ¥ȥͬһʱ䣬ǸطһЩ˽¶ݣ˶ü첽ڡȻⶼƾйء
ۼȳ棬Щ죬ʦĶô׷
ԭ漴ҡҡͷ
ϡ
ԭȥʶһ£Ҫ볡Ѿ͵ʮöңڵʽ״ʮöҵ볡ʵЩˡ
ͣ٣ױĲϳ۳ȥ
ãҪЩʲô
һòŮӭ
ΪҪʦУʴˣҪõĲ϶ȽϹ󣬶Щزϵĵطһ㶼нӴСӭӡ
ԹŹֵװӴС΢΢üֻܿһְҵ΢Цױÿռ˷ǳ࣬װˣǵһμ
Щÿʮݡ
˵ţݳһ嵥
ױǰѾҪĶ˳
ӴС嵥ʶ˳ƤֽݣԳѪҺ˪ʯӴС¶֮ɫɫ΢΢˱䣬һĨأǿʦ
˽ʦ
ӴСòĵ̸˽⣬ֻǱߵοʦƷ֪һڿʦƤë
һʵղʱƺӵһ弶еȵƾᣬĻļ۸ж٣
˵ʦ׬ǮͺˮԷһ򵥣˽һ㡣
弶еȵƾ᣿ӴСЩȣܿµ̬弶еȵƾᣬǰҲһΣʱĳɽǧöҡ
۸ʱһ
ǧöң
ֱǮ
ȹ龪ȣȹֲɵüʦƷȻôܹɹΪʦһǹʱ򣬱ҩȣһж⣡
һУղŵĲʱҪˣ¸׼ЩƤֽҶٻ޺ǵĹ裬ÿʮݡ
ԭ׼ֱƣ˿̣ͻȻ⡣ƺȻƣȴҪƸ߼һЩҪķѵĲҲ󣬿̻ѶȻҲǸ
ۺϿ׼һƾᣬ󽫳Ʒõױ֮Ǯ棬ҲǮƵĲϣνһٶãĿǰõѡˡ
õģԵȣ
ӴС

ױص丮ʱѾ΢΢䰵Ĳϣ쾶ֱصסСĵĽ򵽵ĲϷŵ
һǧң˲û˰˰ٶ࣬ʦлǮ
ЩΡ
뵽ʦ׬Ǯϵ˲ʧˣ˷֮ɫ

һ쿪ʼĲϡ
Լƻ£ʮڽ֮޵Сɣ֮ƾȥ׬ҹòϿ̻УеͬʱҲƾᣬȡҩɲݺͱȡ
һµʱ䣬ʮİտ̤죬ڣҲǲܡ
ܿ죬콫õĲϷã·
ʼ
һȲĿʼϰ
ںԺеЩƺѾ֪ӦνпʦУһƤֽȡ˳ʼʼľᡣһԶԺܼ򵥣һ˶ʴˣܿһ˾Ÿʼᡣ
ƺõĳʼᣬ¶һĨЦ⣬һȻ򵥣ΣЩҲԼͷ·ԼĺӰ㣬ȻЩ˷ܣͺñһȻƷƽֻҪԼģԵĽζ
ƽ̬쿪ʼڶ
ڶī
νīָ̻ʱҪõīˮʦһЩϺѪҺȻһԪеĥõī˳ʼīʦܽ͸ӡʼϣƷ
תļڵԪϢһ䣬ʼתһֹһֹںʱõרҲǿʦڽп֮ʱõķš
̧֣콫ҶٻȡһݣΪֲϰԪעУֱֲ飬ʼȡ֭Һ֮ȡ֭Һ޺ǵĹںһ֮øӶʼī
ˣ
⻪˸ǰһҺڽڣʱʱ״
ģϿʼֺΣɫҲЩ԰
īһԶԶʼɱȣһѣ


26 һ
īһҪԪڿʦҲǳˡȫעĶǰһҺ壬߶ȼУԪһһĵǰҺ塣
¡
ҺȭͷСԪע룬ģҺ忪ʼСһЩɫճЩճīʱضʣ൱ǶֲϽоķ֮
һСĵעԪһתһСάϵҺ塣̣ʵԪǰҺںϣһ൱ܵḶ́ȻߴһСҲᵼʧܡ
ģϵĺαܼķǳأҲʱעԪıһ˿ҡ
ã
찵
άϵǰҺ壬޸Ԫıϧߴһ޸Ѷ̫ˣôһ
꣡
һ죬ǰҺ鿪ضǡ
Ž¥ϵЩҺ壬ĶڵѪǰʮöҰͨ˼ҰȵˣڣУʮö˲ûˡٴпʦйǮһ˭֧ŵ
һ˫ۣͬʱתļһָԪͬһʱ䣬л䷽ŵīƣܽԭʧнһѧĵʴˣûһ˿١
ɫѾ׺ڰҹĻ˴ء
첢ûϢ̨ⷽڼϰīܽ˵һʧܺ󣬵ڶεī˳һЩϧҲֻǱȵһ˳һЩˣһΣʧˡ
һʮöҡ
Ц
ڶʧܺ첻ټԲϵƣԺīĵƹ̣ǰεʧܽܽ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
˫ۣһĨ⡣

ͳ
Ҷٲݸֲϱܿѹ֭Һ漴Щ֭Һ׼õĺǹһԪͬʱע룬һضıںϡģһĺɫճﲻ£ڵء
ȫעǰδеļУǰȭͷһҺ塣ھ˶ʧܵܽһΣĵӦ֣һ˳ĽУȥһӺǰԭȭͷҺѾСһ롣
ҲʱһƵԻ
ˣ
ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ԪǰīСĵĽ÷ŵһ׼õĲڡеҺ壬еɫâ˸һ˿˿õζ
īǲһ㡣
Լ
εƣǳɹˣ
𼤶֮ģСĵĽ÷īʼһֵīơܹʮݲϣںķݣ߷ݵơ
ʱһһţܿ죬ǳ䣬ء
ڣϵĺˮϴЩ֮ɫǰڷж÷ͬɫҺ壬īһҹʱ䣬ɹƳī

ϵĺˮ³һСĽ
һҹīƣٻЩģպóʼīӶȥ׼ϢһС
ʱڵԣϣһЩƳƳƷҲ֪򲻴ǴžǿнпʦϰʧʱȻἫ󣬲ϻ˷Ѻܶࡣ
ӭųһ߽ӣС
һ˯ʱ
ʱִߵľϰڷһЩˣ˺ܼ򵥣ȴƮŵ㡣
ЩˣЩ̫Ϥˣֻǿһ֪ϦġϦ÷ʱ˯ۣûдţֻǽ˷˴ߡ
ЦǸĵСŮ
𴲣һܿϦΪ׼ķˣʰٴڡ
ʦϰǰʼīѾɣֻʣһˡһԪ͸īӡʼϣƷƣ似֮뵽С
似֮ǿƾռֵ򵥵˵弶µ似֮ڣɵľἴ弶µƾᣬ弶е似ɵľἴ弶еƾᣬԴơ
Ȼܹεȳ̶ȵ似֮Ҳʦ̻ƵƷйأǿ̻Ʒһ㣬ܹ似֮Ͳ̫ǿĳƷ似ᣬֵȻҲͲߡ
ڶڣ˫ۣԺѰƣ漴ʼƣԺУССƶʱŴÿһ磬ÿһתǣеһж
ɣ໥γһ壬ۣ־߱һϡǿټ򵥵ĻƣԽֻһʱ䣬ͽƳͨ
Ŀ̻ˡ

͸ƣɿ̻Ⲣһ£ʼ͵īƿӡɸѣȵīѶȴʮ
Ϣһᣬ첢ûֱԵƺõīͳʼ̻ȡ˼򵥵ֽīʼϰƵĻơʼỹãīȴǹˣҲܼѣɲֱī̻
ǣ򵥵ֽīϰƵĿ̻ԼܹӦֵĻƳʱǸʱٽһīڳʼϿ̻ƣôһ޶ȵĽʧʡ
뵽Ԫʼ̻
ƵĿ̻õʣȫԪΪīڳʼϹƣ֮ƳɳƷ˺һֽҲͨīˮԪȡһīˮעϰ
ʱһţܿ죬ȥˡ
ʱ˱ҪϢͳԷ⣬һֱֽͨīϰƵĿ̻˽ǧŰֽԴˣһҲۣЩֽҲöңȹϵģ㲻ʲô
һ죬׼ʼһˡ
ˣ
⻪ڶڣͬʱתļһֱԪˮƽͣ
ʼ
һһտտâ
ʼ̯΢Ԫͬʱתʱ䣬ԱһڵīȫɳۼСžۼеīЩֽͨī̻Ƶĸоֻ¡
һ̣ӡ縡ԺУ͵һһӥצĵƸڳʼϣֱۻӶ졣ǧͨϰƵĻѾޱϤ
ܿ죬Ƶĵһ̻ϣʱ첢ûͣжָᵯʼϵתǶȣһŵһͬʱʼһֻȸ֣쿪ȥ
ܺã
Լı֣첻ɵЩ⡣
ķϰվЧġ
ûд⣬۾񣬼ƵĿ̻ʱѾƿ̻֮
Ҳʱ΢΢ɫԪҪľˣ


27 ľϲ
ƵĿ̻Ҫһǳɣм䲻һ˿ͣ٣һͣ٣ͻֱʧܡ˿̣ſ̻֮ƣԪҪĹˣ֮ǰûԤ뵽£һɲĸоȻ
ҧҧľӼУֶĸ졣
ˣ
ԪԾĲþӿеīɿ䵽ʼϣһϸص类ģͷһܼĺΣɫҲЩ԰
ͣ
һ촫΢ͣ
ЩΣ̾һ
ʧˡ
ԿЦ
Ҳһ˲ѣɫٴαü
һʼ֪ʦкܲ򵥣ԶԶȵڶѣʧҲ֮е¡
ͨīˮ̻ī̻վЩ΢С𡣡

ûм̻ʱͣж˼
һεʧܣƲϤԪ㣬ԪѷƵĿӡжϣֱӵʧܡ
Ҳ˵ԪǵǰΨһˡ
찵
ԪһһϦܸı䣬˼Ƭ̺뵽һַǾǳʱתļԪݳԽ۷ʱһٿʼ̻ơ
ʱֵҹ뵽תļ
ɲǼ䣬貵ǹԲ£Ͷݶ䵽ϣû뵽ڡ֮ʱһһĹȥڽз֮Ԫһָͬ
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
һ̣ڵԪﵽŨһ̣Ҳʱ˫ۡ
ڣ
Ԫһ֣Աһڵīʱ۶С˫оâ˸ָһʱ䣬īһԾȻֽϣжչȥ
ܿ죬һ̻ϣ
ûиˣ쾫ɸ߶ȼУָᵯڶ縡֣תһĻȺһֲߵ߿ʼƵĿ̻ѾӦ֣ղǴ֮ԻʧܣֻԪѡ
ˣ
һ죬̻ϣ
˴˿̣첢ûԪѷĸоҲζţķȷʵУ

а
оâ˸ԺУһֶַ·ӵԼʶɿ趯ÿһīȷӡӦÿӡĵط
Ӻ󣬵ӡϣ
ҲʱٴԪѷĸоԹ£ڵԪѾ߷֮塣
У
ҧ
趯ĸ죬ǰĳʼᣬԪһԾ
ɣ
һ㣬ֻһˣ
ԪѾҪľڻʣһʱһҧǿڿӡͬʱתļȡǳ֮ԪһΪðյľٶһĶã׵ƵĿ̻

û
ֻʣһˣһ㣬ˣˣ
ˣ
һŹⷽڵĿռ΢΢һЩֻǶ̶̵һ˲ѣһֳĹοٰȥ
ᾲڶľϣȥ̯ľ룬һֱԼڴҵӡھϣɣÿһ綼ɷ裬һֳƽϣеԪڽ֯
ˣ
¶ϲ֮ɫ
ƣƷƣ
һѹĵļΪʣһСҪȻһСܼ򵥣ʼ׳̶ȲࡣѹϿգʱ䣬һĽ˳ɢ
弶е似罣
罣Ѿһʽ֮޵ɣ˿̣תһ۶Ľ·ľᡣ˵Ҳ֣罣ܿ£Ǵ˿̣ھʱȴֱӱ˽ȥ
棡
찵
ںԺеЩ֪ʶ֪ôһ֪֪һĻʱ̲סЩȣҲӸ̾ʦغǿ󣬿ӡƾȻӵܡ
ѹھϿգĽɢ
ˣ
ͻȻУһĹɢ
ͷȥʱһֻеǵƾȻЩ
ǣ
ɫ΢䡣
ǱںĶʼʱЩ⣬֮һֱû̫⣬˿̣ⶫȻĹ⡣
ˣ
΢⻪ɢ
ʱ䣬һͳĽ
𾪵ķ֣ľ罣һʽĽ˲ǿһ࣡
⡭
һĻݡ
ͨĵĽƣɨĽȻô࣬ʵ𺳲ѡתͻȻһ룬κζʩչʱѵĵĽƻữ񽣣ʹչĽøǿ
ϰ罣ʱʹ֦һζԵչ֮ʱҲʹһؿ֦߻Ǳ˱Ǹʱ򣬽ƲŻûκηӦûκζǶˡ
䣬ԽԼĲ²⼫пΪ档
£ȡһСľ˷ʵ飬ĺ²һֿȭʩչʱľʱǿ˺ܶࡣ
⡭
첻ɵЩ
޽гֽǿľϲ
һǿѹĵ˷ܣ½Ŀƾᣬһŷ֣Ѿﵽͣڲ֪ɡʹˣһ弶е似ƾᵮУ
첻ɵ죬˫ϲš
ϢһȻʼƣ
찵

ʱǹĺܿ죬һۣȥ
ˣ
ڣâ˸ת𾪷罣һʽѹʱ䣬ʮ֣ûµڡκוּһ˻ջ֡
ˣеĲȫľܹ弶е似ƾᣡݳƷƾᣬ첻ɵŨŨĳɾ͸Уǰϼʮһ죬ʮһѣһʦ⺺ﵽһ
⣬Ժ
ȻҲֻԺѣ첢ûΪ˶
ʹ
ϢգȻȥױ󣡡
оâ˸
ʱֵ賿С弶е似ƾ¶ֱɵ˴ϡʮһʱۻˡ
һֱ˯ʱ
յգ˹򵥳˵㶫һ׼õĺɫĴ丮˳ȥûйĵ󣬺ܿ죬ױ󣬾ֱǱߵһȥϿ֡á
ӣ쵱ȿһˡ
ʱȻҲ죬ʮǰλӴСһĹŹװҲЩݡǽӴС㣬˵ְҵȻɫֻ΢΢˸¶ѡ
ʣҪ
վϸְֳҵ΢Ц
ͷִӻͳݾᣬŵǰϡ
Щ֣һݾᣬȥһۣʱɫ΢䣬ٴʱжһĨηǿʦ


28 ʼ
Ϊױõĸˣ˼䣬ʦƷȻҲֹΣֻһ۾ϳṩǿʦƵƾᣬ
΢ͷ­
һ¾Ǹꣿ
ʣʲôȼƾ᣿
Сʵ
ܾںµЩᣬ˵̬ȴǱúܹ
弶е似

Ǵ㡭
һ𡣡
´
΢΢ɫ弶е似ƾᣬǵһξ֣һԾݣȴͷһ⡣
΢΢ǷǷӣ˵鷳ڴԵƬΪĶһݣҪʾִ´ˡ
û⡣
ͷΪһϺõæ˳ȥ
찲ϣֱʱ΢΢ɨһСӣӵǺûʣңСﻹٵĶƺڵż
֨ѽ
ܿ죬õűƿȥһĻиߡͷӻףɫȴܺرǣߵؿڴһŹͼƣͼ·ɫĸȥЩر
ãλױϯִʷˣʷ˲һλǿߣһλǿĿʦ
˹ܡ
£΢΢ݣǿߣһǿʦǸµˡתһ룬ױھ治򵥣ôױһش֧£Ҳˡ
ʷЩŹֵĴһź۵죬Ѿ˵ˣһ꣬һ꾹ó弶е似ʵЩ죬Ҫ֪һĿʦɶʮϰ
ߵǰԣʷһݾ
ʷ΢΢˵ͷȷʵ弶е似ƾᡣ
Դ𣿡
ʷʵ
ԡ
ͷ
ʷһݾᣬʱͼһɷƣ񵱼һƾʦƾԲһĿʦܹ̻һķĹ·ǳԿ̻ǧƵĴʦ֮һ㣡
һʷ̯֣ѹ֮ϣŵĹâ˸κʷ΢΢һٴʱʷ¶εľɫӢۣϷƽǿ弶еƣ
Сֵܣ㵱Ҫȫ
ʷʵ
ƾԲ򵥣ֵߡ
ͷȻΪҰʱҪ¡
Ȼû⣬һڽСʷһĨâǳɹȥױ󵥵ȡ;ܵõһǮˣλСֵȥң԰Ѿȥ
ǣʷˣ˵ͷ漴࿪ӣ֣ϵɫø𾴣Сֵܣ롣
ͷ˳ȥ
õСʷԶȥıӰоâµ಻ʮ꣬ʮĿʦˮƽȻôߣҶҪǿһЩʲôʱô
ҡҡͷʷСƾᣬ첽

˵Ĵ£߽һСľУľڵĲñȽݻȴܰһַǳʵĸоСľĹרΪһЩ￪ţһСľڣֻһʹá
ľںܰȥĿܴͬʱˣʱǰʯ̨ϣһŮ欣ýεεΪڵ˽һƷ
ŮӴԼʮң壬޳£һƬ֬񣬰ڰڣӯһգȳƵ¶ڿУɢԭʼջ
Ůӵһδ췢֣ԭôصƷȴӲһĸ߼ۡ
ɫﶼЧ

ǰǸŮӣ첻òϣȷʵǸˮĺջֵ쾡¡
ҲˣΪʲôױȡӶǰ£Ըױһ룬һļ۸ȻᱻЩһһ̧ߣӶЩţʵϣﱾļ۸ȴǱ̧˼࣬Կ
Ȥ
ľУĿš
ܿ죬ʱȥмﱻȥȻ۸񶼲סҲʱǰŮ¶ĶԴصЦλڸղţյ䣬λһȤ
Ů˫֣ʯ̨һߵĻ󣬶ʱһӴС˳ӴС˫ֶһḷ̌ʢᡣ
һĻʱһĶ
С㣬ʲô
¶ɫ
ŮΪֻľȡһݾᣬһЦ弶еȵƾᣬһλضǿĿʦ֣֮ϯִʷԼ͹λزٶ˵ʲô˰ɡ

Ļһ䣬ʱȻ
ʲô弶еȵƾᣡ
ʷԼ
⡭
ɲǼѣ
ˣݶͣȻ֪ƾıֵΪҪǣЩ˸ʷǿ󣬼ǿߣǿʦǼ˼˶üɵܹ֡ʷԼ͹ƾᣬȻܲе䡣
ʷ˵ļ弶еȵƾᣬÿһݵǿһʩչȻͨУչֳ似֮Ҳɱһǿߣشͨǿߣ
˵
˻ʱһ
ˣһЦֵڳλᣬϰȴ٣Ȼⲻλ䣬ֻﷱæûʱˡ
λһЩػʮңϰôһ£λ˻;ɽΣӦû᲻ɣʱһƾᣬһɽܴӦԡ
Ȼˣλɽ¶Ȼᷢȥһ㣬һƾᣬȻͨǿ弶Ҳ˿η壬ңֻҪʹãͿһֱȥ
Ļ£һĬӷ
С˵
ƾᣬҼĳҪˣ
ҵģ
һߺ
Сľڣ춯ݣЩʯ̨ϵĺŮӣŮӲֻǼ򵥵ĻƿѣղǷ˵ļΪȲЩûḷ́ƾЧǾʣ
Ůˣ򵥡
찵
ǰһЦôʼΪƾͬһλʦֵ֣֮ȣԣΪ˲Ҫ飬Ǿݺһ׼ۣһң


29 ޶ر
Ļ䣬ʱ
һһ
һ
һģ
۵
СľڣЩҲɵ΢˷ܣĿǰȥӶѾܹյǧ˰ٵң׬ǧң
ʦ׬Ǯˮ
찵
ڣ۸ڳӣѾﵽһǧ
򡣡
ʱһڵĹ
£ʱķ򣬲ɵöЩɥļ۸ʵЩˡ
һ
ͻȻһ𣬴һҴ

ԱߵĹٴ
٣ϣŮϲѾ丮𣬵ʱŮ㼸оǣα˷ƾᡣ۵ȻԱߵĹڵ˺Ϥ΢΢һ󣬿ڵ
ľڣɫ΢
ϣϵĸף
˫һĨ⣬ԺǲɵùһĨаЦ
ԱߵĹϴһߡ
£ʲôʱҪˣȥ֮ﲻ𣡡䵭ϼӼۣǧ
ڳ˶һ㵣ϣ䣬ɶǷḷֱ́Һؼҵǰˣ΢΢죬˾Ȼˡ
壡
䴫
ܿ죬˵ɴ˵˫УϺһᣬӲǽͼһҵƾ̧ߵǧ
壡
ϴ
ž·𶼰
һĬκһռĳ鲻ⶫˡ
ǰʯ̨ϣڹȻһЦ
ϼǧöңɻҪӼۣ
Ц
ڣһ˶ҡͷǧȼ۸ʵ̫ˡ
ңȻС
ɲǡ
Ȳ壬˭ټӼۡ
˵
ɨһȫʼնĵЦȻûټӼۣôƾɡ
򡣡
ʱһԵͳ
˲ţ󣬺Ȼڡ
򣿣
ҵ죬λ˰
⡭
̧ͷһҡ
Ҳ̧ͷȥȻѰĹʱĵȴסˣǹ˲ݾôԼˣ
ľڣ΢򡱵ļ۸
ѹͺٴοڣŲЦҵˣᣬɵСȴֻóǧңЩСǺǡ
欵¶Ȼ֮ɫ漴оһĨ֮⣬ָֻ֮ǰȻ̬֮
ŹҵңϼӼ𣿡
Ц
ʵνЩˣӶˡ
һǧ
ϵ
һǧֻһǧһǧļӣСˡѹ˵ٴ𣬵Цǧҡ
ǧ
ǧ
ڣ˶ɴ˫ۣŹҡ
ҵ죬λɰ
ǧǧÿμӼ۾ǧǧļӣ̫ˣ
ҵ˾Ȼѹ˷ͷǡ
ᰡ
۷׷ס
Ҫ˵Щͨˣþ˶ЩŹ֣ٳᣬǵһμǧǧļӼۡƺҲ֪Ź˵Ŀģû˵ʲôЦǸġ
ϼŹҳǧӼ𣿡
Ц
ڵǶŹңڵЩּŶŹʱ䣬žһƻ
򣡡
һŭϿд
˻
ڣһƬ
˲䣬ٴΰʶŹҡ
žžžнŹҴѹЦǷһĺ̴壬ǳ£Ǻǣδϼˡ
£ʱȻ
򰡣

ʯ̨ϣ磬Цϼң˼Ӽ𣿡
һƬң˭Ӽ۰
˵һʯ̨ϵһ屻죬Źҵķ򣺡ϲϼҵļ۸õеȵƾᣬҲлϼױ֧֣Ժ˽͵ϡ
ո£һŹʱЦϣǹϲˣ弶еƾᣬ
䣬ұ죡
Źڣϵͳŭȡ
弶еȵƾᣬ̫ˡ
ʯ̨ϣʼմЦɨһŹҡ
Ź΢վ߳Сľ
ϣϣңŰɣҪ˶ãǴּ͵ߵĶһǼӱ³
Ц
ȥԽߵݣĴ󲿷ʲּңϦĶЩضӱĶأȻǮֻһ棬䣬ϦܵίͳͬҼӱ
Ź⣬õ׵һߣΪ󣬶ʱһ𾴵ӭȥСֵܣ䱦Ѿϣ롣
ͷȥ
˽һӺķڣʷУ˽վһЦӭϡ
Сֵܣ
ʷЦ
л
Ҳѡһλ¡
ʷ˵ͷ˵⣬С˳ⷿ䡣
СֵԵȣϾͻ
ʷ
ͷĵȴ
ʱһߣһŮŶ롣
Ůѩף˫İ޶ˣһֳȻɲǷǸô
д˵ķ㣬һЦֱߣλܱܵƾ𣿡
εε쳹ڶߣڣµʱ¡
ܵܣ
һ˺һ
֪ǣƾڱʷ͵ʱйһЩϢʷҲǵһʱȻĴ䡣
ܻܵء
Ц
ȿȡɿȵʷվС㣬עݡ
˷ۣһҲʷѣǸӴս죬ϣ˵ܵɲʵรղžȻý㡣
£һ졣
˵ûԩղȷʵСС¶Է
³򣬲ֻΪ̧߼۸񣬼¡
͵
һЦǷƽռ䣬ˣһܵȴҲءܵ˵ôأǲעԵɣ
˵Щ켸֡


30 ƿʼ
˵ڣ˶ԣֱԵĶҩһ㡣
£һԣȻǻˮ
˺һɿȵѾܰǮ˰ɣ
ЦȻԵȻ󣬳ֿһЩ
㣬ͼҪǮܵܿǲม
Թĵ
˽ĽӴӼȫϣоԷؿڴǶĵ

£а
УɿȵٴʷЩ˼ˣСֵܱ𼱣׼Уܿ͹Եһ漴ѵС㣬עС
˷ۣǲԸĴƿ
ܵȤ
˿ʱһЦԱߵλ
㲻ʱƮڣһаˮͬʱҲЩ졣ʷױϯִ£λߣڣԷȴСС㡱ŮӵʲôݣԲһ򵥵Ա
Щµʱһ˫ˮֱĶ죺ܵܵǿʦƾᶼǵܵ
ʮĿʦʵ̫ˣ׹ʷϻδֹĿʦΪҪǿˮƽߣȷʵܾȡ
ǡ
Լࡣ
һˮŮӽ뽻ıĸо
һĨʣȻһʼͲôɣ׿ڳϺЩȡ´죬κ¶һɫܵܣĿʦأû𣿡
£
΢Щɻ
ʷһۣЩ֡
ʷָԼؿڴһͼƣʦھʦ֤󣬸ʺʵʦἴᷢ¶Ӧĵȼ¡ǾһʦķֻᣬСֵѵȥ֤
£춯ݣпʦ᣿ǵһ˵
ҲŸѧ֮ʱûȥ
˵
ԣʷһѧ᣿
˶һۣ¶֮ɫ
ѧˮ׼

ʷ΢΢鴤ȿСֵܻǾȥʦ֤ɣСֵʵȼȻͣʱ˿ʦᷢŵĵȼºƽռ»᷽࣬ж۸Ҳߡ
£Ȼ֤Ⱥ£
˵ͷлԺһȥġ
ʱһŮ˽ݸһϿ
ӹϿЦĵݸ죬Цܵܣҿ۳Ӷ𣬻ʣǧΪһŸ߼鿨㲻ɡ
ңһͺˣҪ˵иߵʴˣ׹ǮׯֻųֵȼĴǮƬ¼ȿƬʱͽǮׯȡ
л

һ룬ǧңҪ丮ǻЩ鷳
лܵΪױһԴһǧöҵķءһЦ漴һתս켸֣ȻҪΪԵһ˿ûม
˵Ʈ£Щ̡˵Ůſһܵܣտһ㣬ɫôȻ·ǽܰ㣬оһƫƫֻøпŮӵһס
ǮѾ֣ɿʵڲͣվʷǸһЩҪ£뿪ˡ
ճһЦУ㣬ǵпճ
֣֮ǰǸŮٴ˽£Ů̹Ĵӷ˳ȥܿʧϡ
ԶȥıӰϵ̬ʧ
ʮĿʦǾ˰壬֪

ʷҡҡͷ
Ƭ̣Ҫĵϸ𣿡
ʷһæǧ𣡡
Ϊʲô
ɻ
ʷϵ亹Сϸһ£ǸױʱԺ۸ȫȻǲ֪ݣȥĵϸ»ᣬɲʲô¡
˶٣ʷɫøС㣬һӵˮ׼ʮʦ̫𣿶Լô̵пָ֮ǺεȵĿ£
пʦбزٵһҪи߼ĿʦƲʴˣʷΪΪĿضҲڽϰ
˼ǡ
ɫ΢
ʷ˵ͷǧҪȥݣǸ꿴ұȽϺദʦͲһˡֳĿˮ׼ʦضΪֲڵʱСĵʦױԣǶǱļԣһҪĴ鷳Ҫ֪Щ۷弶Ŀʦֱǻ֮Դпӡɱ󣬻ٵһʲô¡
ԣɫøء
֮ε³çˡ

ʷҡҡͷЦСᣬֻǱѣͬˣѾûмˣԣСǧ⡣δӻܳţСضԳɳΪ¶ĳɫŮӡ
ͱȡЦˡͷһ㡣漴һĨ⣬΢΢Ĭһ˲󣬵壬ղƵĹУƺһȽȤ¡
Ŷʲô£
ʷ΢ɡ
Ŀ⣬ǸһƺͷǵЩڡ
£ʱ½˳
ʷݣȻ¡΢΢˶٣¶һĨϷŰ֮ɫмĺߵһС壬Ҳҵʦǲ֪
ֳ˸ģȻ
Թ
˼ء

ص丮סʱɫѾҪˣ󴦣еһƿ̻Ĳϣ漴ִӺȡһСƿҩһ
ǧңڻʣߣԺһǧҲϡ
찵
㹻ҺĶЩ߼ϣҵҩͳҲˣʴֱӻѵǧҡ쵹ǶԴһҲ⣬ǧҶڵԣʵ㲻ʲô
Ǯĸоð
ʵ˵ͻȻôң컹ЩСС˷ܵģ˷ܹһһ룬ƺøϦ·ˡ
ǰּҲҵҲʳ˸ɾּ֮õӾͱһǧɡϦʵǳ˺ܶ࣬ϴ·ѾϾˣɾˣСŮȴǴδԹʲôӹɶ¡
¾Ͱæɡ
뵽Ϧú͡
һתļֱȥһʱͣʼоƵϰİʱ䣬׼̻ԵҩڣҪأӰȭ;罣ɣ


31 ʦ
ҪƸ߼٣繹ɣԣѶȻҲͱҪ󣬲һο̻ƵľٻǸоЩʧҲ˺ܶࡣ
ˣ
ڣһƺõľ˸ɫâ⻪տտ
ÿһƣ̻ҪõīͬʴˣֳͬͬɫɫԽԲ󣬴̻Խǿ֮Խ

³һ˸
ϲڣʱ䣬һƳݾƾᡣ
ò˵ܾ޴
СĵĽƺõݾû̿ʼ¶һ󣬽뷿Ϣĸǿϰľĵĺأ˿ض±롣
ĥ󿳲񹤣
Ϣˣˣܸ졣
һֱӴʱ˯䣬ϴһڡ˿̣ǳ֣أʥġ
콫һƾչ漴ӻȡһСƿһɫĵ衣ֵΪ嵤߿ٴǣȻЧ޷ǰʱõľ赤ȵġ
СĵĽеУһһں˲ڻһҺ壬˳źСԸоһ£赤ȣ嵤ζŨȣ̫̫ࡣ
ˣ廹˷Ӧһ΢Ȳ
оâһ֪Կʼˡ
ѹǰѾ׼õľƾϣͳ
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ɢâһŹν֡
ԼԸоӲµǹŨܵҲӷڣٳڵ۶
ǳ۵ƸҼѹԹƸߵٶȣ棡
찵
ûд⣬תļԪǳ֮֮ڣһһĴǣһѪ⣬ͬһʱ䣬ǽһҲһתԼ
ܹԸоһεʮǰ˺ܶ࣬˿̣嵤ڻ֮ڵÿһ䣬ڣǳ֮ڣѪЧΪһ
ٶȣʮ֮ڣұضԿأ
оâ˸
˫ۣƽľȶѸٵ֮ǳ֮ǡ
ˣƵһδΣһĽš
һۣʮչȥ
һ죬롭
ȭ
ǾԭʼУһĺ漴иֳʮ˵ȭͷÿһȭͷǰһ׳Ĺľķ顣
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
࣬϶СĻУһӰȴڷɿĴ󣬶ӰĴ󣬿ʱʱһȭֱһľ飬һҲ֮ըյһƬ
ٶ죡
ǿ
Ǵ˿Ӱõʡ

һľ飬ּ䴩Ӱͣ
ˣ졣
ϵĺˮ΢΢һЦ⡣

Ȼһ䣬סӺһĽ
ǰһľĶ
첽ǰ漴һԾ
ݣ
һĽâƳգԽǰľľű󳤽ĽʱڽУƺûг
ȻҲʱ΢Ħ漴ľɸߵλöϿȻ£Ӵ󷢳һ졣ˣͻ֣ᷢľϿλã⻪羵ûһֲڸС
ƫͷЦŵͷ
罣ڶʽ֮һɱ
Ȼˣ
˶٣콫ĳ˳Ȼ䣬һɿµĽɢ
ﬣ
̶ĽХгƹһĻȣն¡
֮
ĺɲǼ䣬иֳһɫӰܼľˣֱһĽĻ



Ӱ£첻ϡ
ǰľʯпԼĶȫƻˣԲڵĿռ䣬˲ϢĿš
ܺã
Լȡõĳɼ¶ΪЦݡ
ʮռ䣬ö嵤ķƾᣬڴﵽأͬʱǽӰȭ;罣޵˴ɣսҲ֪ǿ˶١ţԼսǿߣҲܹ֮һս
𳤽תž丮ȥ
ȥʦ¿ʦȼ֤ˡ


ʱոȣźۣϵһЩ˴һͨ󣬺ܿһΰĽǰ̧ͷȥһ޴̴ľңԾĴ֡ʦᣡ
ˣ

͸ܣ췢֣ˣᳯǰĹͶȥηĿ⣬ȻҲЩ˵ĿϣΪ£װʵЩŹ֡
΢Щգ첽ʦᣬʼһʦᣬʱоˬ˺ܶ࣬ɵЩ졣
ܣ˵Ŀⶼһϣ󲿷ֶЩŹ֡
ˣȴû˶˵ʲô
ãʲô԰ﵽ𣿡
һŮӭ
װŮȻ֣ȴû⣬෴Ů̵΢Цǿʦᣬ඼ݲͣɵﲻ𣬹ʴˣ˭ֻҪ̤ʦᣬСĽӴ
ãʦĵȼ֤
쿪żɽ
ʲô
Ů̵ɴ˫ۡ
ٴοڣʦȼ֤
㡭Ů̾ں´ᣬԼղŵ̬ȺܺãΪµ˾ʦĵȼ֤ģˣܷɹǶġһ˲䣬Ů̵̬ȱùǹӿڣԵȣȥ֪ͨˡ
˵ţŮ̿첽뿪ˡ
ɨʦᣬԱ߷һ޴ʯңϿӡС֣йڿʦĶпʦĵȼ֤Ҳ˽һЩйؿʦ֪ʶ
ʦΪΪ
ʵǿʦӵ͵߷ΪŽס
һ׵׵ĿʦҪʹīܽƵĿ̻ȼԽߣӡԽǿ׵Ž׵ĿʦѾҪīɿӡƣǾŽ׿ʦһչͨƣɱּ̧Ϳɲ£ӵлһе
ĿȥԿʦĻ˲˽ⲻ٣Ȼʦֿʦĵȼ̣˵Ȼǵһ˳ɹ󣬹ʦ䷢Ӧȼ¡ɿʦı־͸ÿʦĵȼɣ־һƣȼǿ־мܣһܼһ׿ʦܼǶ׿ʦԴơ
ʷԭǶ׿ʦ˵ȷʵǿˡ
찵
ʱ֮ǰǸŮȥһĻиߡ
ãλǹĸˣɸ˸Ϊʦ֤
Ů̹
̧ͷȥֻŮߵɫ΢ԵĮһ˿һַǳŰĸо΢΢ͷߵؿڴ쿴˿ʦе£־ɫĸܣʷһģһ
׿ʦ
а
죬ĹŹװ΢΢üͷ䡣
ۣʮꡣ

Ȼᱨȡˡۡ档
ԱߣŮ̶ʱɴ˫ۣʮꣿʦҲ㹤˺ܳһʱ䣬пʦ֤СĶǶʮ꣬ڣǰ֤ʦˣȻʮ꣡
֣ССͣҪڴ˵ң
죬˫Ŀһɡ
ʮ꣬ʦ֤߿ҵġ
£΢΢üҲ˵ңȷʵʦ֤ġ
ԣߵɫһȵƱ磿ҳȥ


32 
ǿʦĳϣһµƣŮ֤ʦʱǱЩڴģϾǵĿʦʵ̫ϡˡɵʱ֤˾ʮ꣬һʮʦ֤ڸֱһ£ǵң
ȥĪҪ£Ҳɧˡ
ĵ
£üͷĸͷô£
ȷʵпʦ֤ģԲ˵ң鷳Ҳԡ
˵
ʦﻹвˣȻߵɧŪôһº˶Ц
СһĲˣһʮ޶֤ʦⱱ׹ĿʦǶൽˣЦҲﰡ
ǣǿʦᰡʥׯ֮أ
Щȥɣҡ
˶ҡͷ
ʦᾭһЩϣһЩƽռ䣬ǾۼŲˣЩ䲻ǿʦھ󣬶ԿʦҲͽȽ˽ˣʮ֤ʦЩ˿ֱ췽ҹ̷
£Щô£
곤ϣȷʵ֤ģ鷳λᣬ˵ѣ㴦

죬ˡ
ȥ
һ漴һ䣬ԹԵ뿪ˡ
ܣ𾴵Ÿ뿪죬˶Цָָ㣬Цҡͷ
Ǹ곤Ͻղ㣬
ŮСĵ
£ҡҡͷû£鷳ˣ뿪
ȻЩ죬Ů̴ͷβòǨŭ
Ҳͣ£쳯ſʦȥ
߳ʦᣬյգȸжʱϮڱͺܲ죬յɹ£ǲˬһ󣬽ŲʱЩ
飡
ʱĴתǴһˣʱһ
챻ײһ鵱ø⡣
סΣ̧ͷǰµɫʱһ㶣⡭ˡ
ף
ͬһʱ䣬洫
һߣͷӻףؿڴſʦеı־ܣɲױʷô
ǡǰǸСֵܣ
ʷ̽Եʵ
У۵Ȼٺ٣ȴֻһʴˣʷҲǰٷ֮ȷǰλǰǰױƾǸꡣ
˵ͷҡ
ʷ¶ЦݣԼȻ¶ˣ죬ЦСֵѾɹ֤ʦ˰ɣȼǼףǺǣ͡
ӿʦ߳ʷΪľΪѾɹ֤˿ʦϾ쵱ȥױƣˮ׼Ǹߵľ˰
ҡҡͷ΢Σˣұϳˡ
ô£
ʷü
ĿˮƽʷǾŵģôܻᱻϳ
Ҳ±㽫ڹ﷢¼˵һ顣
ԣʷʱЦ
ԭǸϼһʷЦ죬Сֵܱ⣬ϼһʵ̫Űīسɹ棬ʦЩ飬Сֵܺһȥɣζͷʶ
£룬漴ͷ
Ǿ鷳ˡ
˵
޷С¡
ʷڰ֡

ʦڣۼһ𣬻ѡϣǶһЩ񣬲˶Сֻʲô
ʱ⣬һߺһŶ롣
֨ѽ
һ𣬲˶ƫͷ˹ȥ
ףǸղСޣôֻˣ
Īǻ뵷ң
ٵң»ᱻֶȥɡ
ȻʧЦ
ԣµһԱߵʷҲɫһ
Ҳʱʦһ˵Ŀʷϣ΢΢һ㶺ɫʱ䡣
ǡʷˣ
׿ʦϣױִ£λʷˣ
ȵȣǸ꣬ôʷվһ𣿡
⡭ȻǺۣӦòͬһ˰ɡ
˶ɫ΢䡣
Уʷһݺ͵λˣʶ˺٣֪˾Ƕ಻ʤǼ˼ʷù
֮ǰǸŮǴʧɫ첽ʷȥ
ʷϣ
Ů֮ɫ
š
ʷЦӦ
ŮƫͷʷԱߵĺˣЩȷʵǸղŵġ
ңˡ
£Ц
Ůɫʱ䣬꣬Ȼʶʷͬһʱ䣬¶ڣǸղҵǸꣿ
Ů̸оԼԴЩˣʷһ񣬵ʷˣλԵȣȥ֪ͨˡ
ŮʵǱˡ
ô鷳ʷڰ֣漴̧ͷſʦȵͷϼһҳʷС֤ʦ㾹ҸϳȥҪûм֣ϷֱȥͥԺ
ۣ
ڣ˶ʱԣ⵱Ǹʷˣ
ͬʱЩҲкȻ⾹ǸղűϳȥǸˣȻʷйϵ
һϮ۵ĸĳ˳ʼһ͵ʷȵյģûʲô裡˶٣ͻȻʷԱߵĺˣüͷһ壺ǸղǸޣôˣ
ˡ
쵭
ͷʵûʲôøС
΢ŭҪ𣬲ʱʷȴǿˣͷۻ軨˲ɣôʦž֮⣬Ҫǻ᳤֪ˣðƤ
Щˣ漴üͷ
ʦ
ʷ
ʷɨһ죬Ц˵ʸʦ

⻰һʦΧɫ䡣
µ굽ô£ʷ˵Ļ
⡭
˶ˡ
ٴüǱȽ˽ʷģ֪ʷֻҿЦˣɺµ˵ʵЩ⡣
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬У
ǲš
ʷɫвУһԲ֪𡣡
죬κ󣬺һ
ãʷϣҾһԡ˵һתԹУɱҲ棬ְȥ
аͨԣһ𶪳ȥû⡣ʷ˵漴ЦϼһͨأʱֵΣ
üͷһ壺
ʷ΢΢һЦǰЩӣ㲻ǴױһӦûûɣСͨ˲ԣǰ͸Σ

ԣܵ˽һ
ݣǿǴҩңݻлѪ֮ЧȻǿҲŲ׵Чãüֵң


33 
ʷᵽݣɫʱЩȻˣ΢΢鴤¡ݿѵõҩķ˰Ҳģ˵ʦ׬ǮˮɰȴȻǼ򵥵һˮⲻá
ΪҪǣʷǳ˽⣬˿̼ʷЦǺǵӣһгı飬ʱЩҡǰµ꣬Īͨԣ
ôϼһˣ
ʷЦ
һ죬ŭкβң⹣Ϸˣ
һ룬ʮĿʦֱ췽ҹ̷ôҲԸš
ãǾͿʼɡ
ʷЦ
ۿʷ͸һľ֣ľֵĻԼҲЩЩȴһҲûѹԼĿˮƽԿ׾ٵͨʦ֤ˡ
һŮ̵׼ϡ
ǣϡ
ŮӦ
һĻ⹫棬Χ߶˹϶˷֮ɫʦĿ˼ټɲǾܿġ
Ů빫úȡݳʼī
죬ߵʼīѾ׼ãȻʷǺãϷ˷Ѷˣֻ̻һµȵأҸλᣡ
һ;ͬƣɲͬȼĿʦ̻Чܶ࣬ʴˣһԣӡõͬһƣᱻΪȼµȣȻεһȼƱƣԣӡµƣǿﵽһ׿ʦļߡ
£Щˬ˵ӡµƾѾȷȷʵʵͨ˿ʦ֤ĿˣߵĻԻһ㣬ʱҲ˻
ɨһŮ̶ŵĳʼīƺ̫ڼ򵥣Ϊ˱곤Ժ˵ʲôǿصĻǰһ¿ݺˣ̻ƣһλӡ
ʲô
⻰һ˽Աɫʷݡ
ƣɱƸ߼˲ٰ
ƿСĪҪڳԣ˫ĿһɣȵϷ׿ʦ̻ƶЩѶȣССͣҲ˵ҪԾμ⿼ˣ
˵ҿʧܣǸ𡣡
쵭
㣡
ʱŭĺһһ̵ġ
ٴߵһߣдһ嵥ߵŮǰܰ׼ЩҶĲϷõ㲻ǺȻЩϣԼԺһḶǮ
Ů̲֪òôӦƫͷ
׼
ߵ
Ůæͷнӹ嵥Եȣ
⹫һʱ䰲
ʷߵԱߣССֵܣаգʵ˵ƵĿ̻ȷʵѶȣңҲúķѲپɡ
İϣû⡣

ţʷҲ΢΢
ʱŮ˻ѾҪѡ˲ϡ
л

Ϊ˼Щδͨʦ֤ˣȴŬп֮ˣʦĿ˶ڹþУй˶ܹ֤Ůнӹϣ쾶ֱһߵĿʦʸ񿼺̨
ʼᣬݣ׸ԳѪ˪ʯҶڤɰ
ɫƽһһ̯á
ʼɣʱʱϷҪô̻
ߵ
Ļ£⹫ڲ˶ˢˢ򿼺̨
£һڿ̨ϣԻתһ̨棬ʱ䣬ݣ׸˪ʯҶڤɰֲС
һ֣ڳһ
ʣ
̲ס
̨ǰµɫƽԪӿ룬˲佫ֲ飬漴ȡֲϵĻ֭ҺһΣԳѪȻ֭ҺѸںһ
һ̣ʼע
ǣ
ʷʱݣԸӦǿ˳̶ȵѾȫȫԽǡ
ʮѣôôǿⲻ
ľ
츳ͬΪǿͨԣ˵Ƚһ㣬ڣչֳȴøʷסˣһʮܹ߱
⣬Ҳ
ʷЦ
ſ̨ǰ죬ʷͶ֮ģɴ˿̻Ǳסˡ
̫ˣʦжֲ
ʷа
ʷ͸ھеʱѾ̻Ҫõīɡ
һȭͷСҺڿУ˸ɫâ
Ư
Ө͸⡭
˶ݡ
һĻɫٴαòȻͷкˮ
̨ǰµȫעûнī÷ֱֽ֮ץУԪš֮һһʼԪĿ£д򿪣ƽ̯ڿ̨ϡ
ˣ
â˸䣬۾ֱѹ¡
תһƺӱڣԪī৵ڳʼϹֻɲǼѣԻָ֮ᵯʱͬͬʱ𲽡
ǡ
ָ붯ѵǴ˵пӡ
󾪣ʷȻ
˶Ƕ׿ʦڿʦõĿӡǱȽ˽⣬һԣ󲿷ֿʦһָָǿĴﵽָѾǼˣڣ쾹ͬʱʹָڿ
ָ붯̻ƵٶȻ죬ָһ̻ͬҲϣӡƵȼҲ͸ߡһ̣Ķʷ͸ϵıȫסˡ
ͬһʱ䣬⹫һЩ⺺ˡ
˵˫۽
Ʈݵָ
꣬ƺа
û⣡У
˵
ʼЩ˶죬ﵷҵģΪʷĹϵǶһЩȣڣЩȫȫļոˣźϣܹɹ
ʱ䣬ɿš
ķһƬž
ʱ˶һĬԸⷢһĻӰ쵽̨ǰĿ̻Ƶĺꡣ
ˣʱܿȥ

ʱһ̸̸֣һжƽ
£³һһɡ
֣סһˣոտӡõľƾڸҰУ곤ϣ㻹𡣡
Ұеľƣ˿̣˶סˡ
繴ܵϣɵľȻֱֻһң˿ȴǸһִĸо·⡣
ڣһƬš
һ̣˵˵ĺ
žžžãԺ۹סȫ죬¶ЦϷˣҲˡ


34 ˮ׼
ˣ˵ǿѾøݣôָ֮֮øķڷһ̣Ǹ⹫ڣ˶סˣȫ̳ľС
ȻĿ̻ˡ
׿ʦúķѲС̻ܿư⡭

˸оЩ̣ʼ֤ʦʱ˶ȡЦΪڵңڣΪҵˣӡ˾ơ
ң
ʷ𾪣ܿ죬˾Ц˳
ϼһΣ
ʷŸһŲı顣
įһЦҡͷˣˡ
Ƶ̻̣ȫһǳɣûһ˿ˮǵȴݺø̾Ϊֹ˺𾪵У˸˶벻Ķǳ칪ӡ
£΢΢ݡ
Ů̴󾪣ϣ
ǿʦĳϣ磬˿̾Ȼһʮ
ҡҡͷǰһֹˣǳ
ʼȷʵܲˬģҲڹʱʷ˵Ļ٣ҲЩŰ̶ѣʵ͵ƾԷ˿̵˵ˡ֮ǰԷӦΪﵷҵģϾԣΪʦȷʵ̫Сˡ
˾Ǵˣ޹أϷΪ֮ǰǸ
ߣһ
£ЩͷǺ̡
ϼһǸˣأʷ˹۾ŸӦò˰ɣ
һŭյģҸȻʱͿСˣ
ͷһŭһͷúȡһСƿֻСƿʢһ꣬ƬҶӣء
ȥ
һֱ֣ӽƿ졣
ץŸСƿµΣ
£ͷȱǮ
ʷ
룬ԷǶ׿ʦǿʦĳϣȷʵȱǮ
ЦǾͶлǰˡ
ٹãأǸʱ򣬾͵ÿʼ࣬ݣʱٶȱȻ죬ЧҲá
ӮˣĶкοл
ߵ
£Цܲµͷڿ϶ﲻ
ʷֱӴЦһҲѿɫ
֮ʷ죬ɫ֣СֵܣſӡƵʱʹõĿӡǴ˵е
ʷĸ֣Ҳɫһ࣬Ķ졣
£΢㶣漴ͷ
ʷνġ˵СǺ⣬ʹõֿӡȷʵǽԺеЩϢĶ
ʷ͸һۣ뵹
֮ǰѾȷʹõӡǴ˵еĿţǵ׿ڳϺ˻̲ס𾪡
˵еĿһۿ
ʷ૵
Цʷˣʦɲ䡣
ڸڿ࣬ʷһҲ⡣
˵ˣҿûʸʦʷҡҡͷŸϼһСʲôȼɣȼ»ó
ͷղȥȡʱ׼ˡ
˵ţӻȡһöʦ¡
ö£˵˫۶һη֮ɫ¿ǿʦݵܹµˣǿɶǿߣûһԼһܹһö¡
ʷɨһ۸ȡ£üͷһ壺ϼһǶ£Ŷ𣿡
ҵȻ֪ˮ׼ײΡֿЦɳ׵£Сֻûʸ񷢷ţֻлʳеĿʦС
ʷһ㶣漴Ȼ
Ұ¸ˡӸнӹ׵Ŀʦ£ݸ죬ʷСֵܣҲˣлȥʳǵĿʦһ˰ɡ
лϡ
ӹ׿ʦ£
ˣһ䣬ҪĶҲȡãͻȥˡʷ΢΢һЦ漴죺Сֵأɻ£ûУһͬȥɡ
ûʲôˡ

ʷЦŸкһȥ
ж֮ɫĿ뿪ڶһϮ۵ʱЩ˵ıǾηһʮĿʦҿˮ׼ʷ͸Ҫߣδĳɾ;ǿֲġ
ȵȣ
ʱһ
ʷֹסŲԻعͷ
ϼһ£
ʷʵ
˲ǱˣǸ
죬һʱ侹Щ˼֧ǸǸ
ţ
£Щɻ
ʷŸһ㶣漴ƺ뵽ʲôʱ˫ۣϼһ¿˵˵ǿɾˡ
΢΢Ǻ죬죬ǸСֵܶ԰ɣ㡭ûȤǿʦ᣿
£΢㶣룿ڣûм𣿡
ȻԼڿʦ֤ˣǾѾǼ˿ʦᡣ
ղֻǵȼ˶ѣ˳ɹһ£Ӳʦᣬһ¡ô˵ɣЩ˱ǿʦҲ֤ȴڿʦᣬΪûѡʦᣬȻ˷ǳ٣󲿷ֵĿʦھ˿˺󣬶ǻѡʦġ
ʷ͵
ĿˮƽߣȴԿʦһЩģһ㣬ʷɻҸӶЩˡʷʦض۷弶ˣֻӿ̫֮ҪĶֲֻᣬŻԿʦ±ȽãȻ
룬ʸЩδ빫Ŀʦ빫Ŀʦʲôر𡣡
ԣɫһϲ
ʦĿʦɹᷢĿʦۼƻ֣ԻֻȡһЩϣЩǶԿΪҪȴԽǮ򲻵Ķͬʱ빫ĿʦÿȡһʽΪң⣬һЩȨ˵Ȼȴһ⣬ʦĵȼ͵λйء
£΢΢ݡ
ҵȡô⣬ȴȷǸ⣬ЩͨԺЩ֪ʶգ֪һЩȷʵýǮ򵽣ǼʦᣬƺԽ
룬ʵô빫ҪЩʲô᲻ϵƣ
رʲôңκμʦ˶ɵģһ㣬СֵԾԷġ
æ
΢΢죬ô򵥣
ԱߣʷȡЦʵϼһбĿģһſʦ빫ᣬԿʦķչŴôһЩѶȼߵĿʦǿĿʦڣܺܿܺõĽԣᣬĴͿʦᷢһЩȽУǮȻǿϵģҪǳЩߵȼƶȥǸա

ԣʱ
һߣʷҴĿģǵͨ죬һΡ


35 
룬빫ԼûʲôӰ죬෴żʦȡһЩϣҲοÿ»ȡһҡ
ðɣҼ롣
˵
ԣʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Сƣ죡Ͻ¼һСֵܵϢ֮ǰŮ̵漴ҡҡͷԼϷ
죺
ͷ˿ֱ̼Сӡ
֮ǰһڿʦֻǡۡһ㣬ûڿʦ˵˽ʦᲢȥ飬ǲûʲôϵ
ˣ
¼һУЦ
ԱߣʷȡЦһˣǼ
ЦҲʲô
ʦ֤ѾɣҲ׼ͣʱ䲻࣬ûȥʷ˵˼仰󣬵ʷſʦȥ
ܣ˶𾴵ˡ
СֵܿпУҪȥױͣ
ʱʷЦʵ
£촫лʢ飬ʱˣһЩҪϾһȥš
Уʱ
ʷЦ
ڼʶ쾫׵Ŀ֮ʷԽ϶һλֲ˵ʦҲȻ⡣
һ˵ţһ߳ȥ
ʱʦĴһײһһȾѪӰ˽һ˻һŮӣŮӵһǱѪˮȾ졣
ˣˣ죡
Ǹ˴
ѪζƮڿУĲ˶üȻԱߵһʱ˶ɫ¶˼ı飬Ȼʷ͸Ҳ⡣
ʹ󽫾
ʷ졣
빫ˣһŻۣԼʮңһһףʷ͸ͻҪһЩѪˣͬΪ׿ʦʷ͸Զݣӭǰȥ
˱飬ЩɻԱߵỤ̊ǣ
ŮЩ쾹֪ǰˣȴǺòĽͣɫһɳ羴󽫾Զɽսɳʮ꣬νй⣬Ǳ׹İһĹΪʹ󽫾
춯ݣԭˣѹ˼˺Ǵʧɫ
󽫾ʲôУǡ
ľ
ŻȾѪļԶɽһ𺳡
Զɽаʮ䣬ɫȴɺǿհ䣬ɢһս⣬ͬʱҲһɺȻ
ԶɽʶʷǰĿʦºɫȴʱһλȾ
ԶɽͳȴβеĽбһŮӣŮӸѪһƬϢԵú΢
λǣ
ʷͫ΢
ŮꡣԶɽͳдŨŨɱ⣺ӱ߾ϻػʳǣ;ʱȴ룬˵й䱻𣬿ɼ
˵˶ʱ˹
׹аλΨһһܱΪ󽫾ˣΨмԶɽڱ׹йԣԶɽһԵжʴˣдɱ·
ĵйǣһδ㣬ôĵӣ
ŭ
Զɽͳʷ͸λǶǿʦһȾ
йǿߵĴɱԶɽԼûʲô󰭣ӭļȴˣΪܽ˵úأԼԶɽֱӱż˷ǣϣڵĿʦסƣϾʦǵܳɫ෽涼ԡ
󽫾ұ𼱣ȰѼ͹
ʷ
ԶɽͷСĽŮ¡
ֱʱ˲ŮӵģһʱΪˣȻǺµҲݡŮӴԼʮ꣬˿˳ëܣɫ԰ޱȣȴҲβǾգ˶ǰһ
侹ƯŮӣ
Ծȡ
ʱ򣬸ǰȥɫ£̽ѰŮơǿʦʦֶβӶ£ɱˣҲܾˡ
Ƭ̺󣬸ɫ΢
ô
Զɽʵ
ҡͷɫǺܺÿ
ʷǰȥһ̽Ƭ̺Ҳҡͷ
˵̫أʧѪ࣬¡
ʷ
ԣԶɽʱһƺ˲ʮꡣ
Ҿ˵СطܻʲôˣͬԶɽһĻͽǿػʳǣ򲻿Сط˷ʱˡиҽߣʱһκС꣡
ԶɽʧͷŮ׼뿪
ȵȡʱʷסԶɽ󽫾˵ȷΪλСѻС
˵ţʷָԱߵ졣
ʱԣôֳԼˡ
Զɽͣ½ŲҲĹŹװʷģ
ಢܰٷ֮ȷλСֵԶҺ͸
ʷ
ԶɽлһĨâþɳʵǿҲ֪٣ʷ͸Ƕ׿ʦʵΪѵãɴ˿̣ʷȴ˱Լ͸ʱüԶɽһ˿ϣ
ʱҲ죬ɫԵЩ࣬ɫСֵܣ㿴а취а취һ
ЩỤ̋ҲΪˣԴ󽫾Զɽһֱ壬˿̣ԶɽΨһŮشȻϣԷܵþȡ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀٴϡ
͸ۣԶɽŵŮüͷ΢塣ʵʱϣԼԶɽŮʱڹ۲ԷƣҲѾӦֻ֮ǣַĹ̻Ρ
Сֵܣа취
Զɽͳ
ΨһŮ˴ԶɽȻԵúܳȣȴޱȽ
һʱ䣬ԵЩ
ڼԶɽԾϲĿУͷԺ´Ծ
˵ԵЩԥ
ʲôԶɽ΢ɻ󣬺ȻСֵҪʲôܿڣֻҪҼԶɽеģҪʲôҶ
ҡҡͷҲ˼
ʲô
Զɽü
ܣ˶졣
Сֵܣʱ䱦ʲôǾ˵һ֡
ʷ
Ȼʶ첻ãȻĳʵʷȴ֪Բֻûȥ̰ͼʲôˡ
룬ͷԺ´һƣϾƣǿнڣԴƣͣ٣ҪԳơ
ԣʷ͸ͬʱɫ
⡭
üͷ΢塣
һߣԶɽüͷ壬ɫʱ
ƣ˼ԣҪȥԳʼᣬƷ硣
У󽫾ԲôͬԶɽһͬĻȵĶŹںе죺С֮£ʲôƣҿ˰˳Ǽɫ⣬ģ


36 
£ɫ΢䣬ʷ͸ڣ仰˵Լ׼ȴǱ˵ʲôɫ⣬ģܲˡ
ϣ߰ɣҺθɡ

Ҳȴ£쳯ſʦȥ
ʷһЦǿ߶ǽģ㼷ңȻ顣żԶɽͷʷҲȥ
뿪
󽫾Ҳػʳȥɡ

ԶɽɫͳŻеŮԵЩۿҪߵſڣڻǿڣСֵܣ
ԣɫ΢䡣
ͣסŲ£
ʷҲͣԶɽ
Զɽ죬վıֱͷ­΢΢£СֵܾȾϷŮ
򵥵Ķ˶𾪡
֮ǰǸڣ۹һĴ󽫾Ҳʮ
󽫾ɣԲС꣬Сס
󼱡
ԶɽɫһͺȵͩҪ˵
Զɽսɳô꣬ȻѾЩɳۻȴǼΪˣôһȣʱɫ΢䣬ֹס˽Ļ
СֵܣˣϷһŮذæʲôҪ㾡ᣬֻҪҼԶɽܹõ˿ƴǣ
Զɽ졣
һʱԵЩĬ
ɫվڼԶɽԱߣ죬в֮⣬·Ӧ˾꣬ͻҪһ㡣
ܲ
Щ˲ҾˣƫƫҪȣЦһԺ´곤ϣ鷳Ϊ׼һ䡣
㣡
ԶɽԱߣʱŭκμԶɽѶûκΰ취
лСֵܣ
Զɽ΢ϲ
Сƣ׼һķ䣡ŷŵŮ̵漴죺СֵܣҪʲôϣϷȥѡ
ͷ濸ɰľΣļ޷Ѫ޸Ȫ
Ƭ̼䣬챨ֲϡ
УϷȥ
żԶɽͷ첽һȥ
ڣһʱԵúܰ
£ԶɽеŮֻŮɫԽԽ԰ףÿüͷҪһţȻڻҲżʹࡣ棬ʱһǰϦӵɽʱϦҲ顣
ס˿ڣʱ񾭣ʹࡣ
ԼԶɽ˵
Զɽɫһͣ⣬Ϸ򡭡
Զɽ˱飬ʱȻﶮʹȻÿ˶ҪǾͱ깦ֹͨһǽӴģֻпʦŻᡣ
ҡҡͷǰԶɽǰ
żԶɽеŮʵ˿ڸ԰ɡ
ŮѪŨ
ԶԶԣȷʵǸ
Զɽæ
ʱ򣬼Զɽû˿󽫾ֻ̬֮һŮүүѡ
ͷ̧ѹŮ
ʲô
ɫһҪǰֹ

£ĵ
صɢʱûɫһ䣬ֹס˽Ų
УһĨԶʱ֡
ˣ
â˸Դʥǳӿ¡
ǿǿʦļԶɽݣ󣬼Զɽܿ췢֣ŵüͷ΢΢滺һЩ
⡭
Զɽ־ϲ
ٴ죬Զɽжһ˿𾪡
ʱŮ̳֣ͬһʱص
׼÷𣿡
Ů̡
Ů̵ͷ׼ˣϡ
ͷһСӵݸ죬СֵܣᵽЩϡ
鷳ˡ
촫
Ͳٶ˵ʲôԶɽŮͬ͸ˣܿʦڲһⷿȽСõȴӣΪҪǣڵĿϴҲܰ
ŵϡ

Զɽͷִ㣬СĵĽŮŵǰĴϣһʱ䣬ϵİɫҲȾһƬѪ졣
أҪʲôСֵܾܷԸ
Զɽ
ͷԶɽһ˿øУԷΪ󽫾ȴûʲôӡ
鷳ȥҲڣκ˲ýš
˵
ʷ͸ͷǶǿʦʦڿ̻ʱɴţң֪Ҫ̻ƾԺ޲һ㣬ǳҪĿռ䡣
˵ʲôһԣɫйŮһңС껹ˣ˿û֪ôһ˴棬˭֪᲻СһЩ£붼룡
ʷüЩãĮ󽫾λ˭ƺЩ
꣬ʼʷڣ⻪ӣ죬ǸŰˣ˿̶Щˡ죬Ҳʷ
㣡
ɫʱЩࡣ
ͩʱԶɽͳٴ𣬺ȳ⻪ꡣ漴Զɽʷ͸һСֵܱǸͳȥС鷳ˣһСסƣϷм
˵ţԶɽһ𻪷꣬󲽳ȥ
ŻıӰһ
Сֵܣʲô£һҺ͸ͷš
ʷ
С
ͷ
ʷ͸˳ȥСĵں÷š
˲䣬ֻʣڴϵŮ
ߵߣû˿ڣеŮٴüͷԵúʹࡣ
Ʒβܣһʱͻصʳơҡҡͷ֣һӿٽŮ˿ڸסŮһϤĻ棺ҹСϦҲͬı顣
סŮ˿ں콫£¶ӻȡݾƾᣬУһЯŵģһʦʱģʱó
ңϧ˿ϧˣղӦǼͷһ١
ֹ
ô˵Ů̵һܺ治ÿڡعʮ꣬ӱ׹ϰյԹϰƽ͵ԶɽҪǮƾǿʦҲᱻ˱Ӱɡ
ҡҡͷߵߡ
ŴϵŮȻ԰ףȴףѪҺ̫࣬ɼȴʼհˮһͷ˳ĺ˿̲סḧһ
Ǹˡ
ɿ֣ʼȥŮ
Ϊˣ⻹ǵһν⿪Ůӵ·һһ˶˵ŮŽŮ£һƬƬѩ׵ļ¶Ϊˣ־ᶨ»Щѳֲס
ƽܿ죬콫·ȫȥɲʱ䣬һͪǰԲ֫ϸ˫ȱֱ޳ѩ׵ļϾմȾŵѪȴĹâ˼ջ

찵
Ůĸһĵˣܿע⵽һ㣬ƾֱŮ࣬漴ԪһѡĲϣʼҪӡƵī


37 
īڵѾûʲôѶȣֲϱԪһӿ룬Ӻһɫīɡ
ͷԿʼ̻ˡ
ðˡ
ϵŮһ
Ԫīѹ£ڣʳָŮһ˲䣬Ĵָ˴ָоǰδУ첻΢΢һ
ŮƽΣĽʵһִջ

˫ۣ³һ
ˣ˫ۣӱһƬ
ƣ۷ơ
һ
ʳָŮɿĶ
һ̣ӱúƽǰŮƺѾһŮӣֻһ򵥵ĳʼᡣʳָĹܿ죬һƳŮƽ̹СϣɢһɵԪ
ƺӦеŮ΢΢ÿüͷ
ûЩһ类ŮСϺʼָ붯ƴӲͬĵط֣ԲͬĻ쿪ȥ

ˣ
Ԫһӿ۾񣬾ǰһ˵Ľȴޱȵĸɾޱȵרע˿ֻ̣ڿ̻磡
ʱһһĹȥͷϽ˺顣
ƺ;ƣƵĵȼɸ˺ܶ࣬һο̻磬һΪᣬѶȻܴ
͵һ飡

ûϵ亹Ҳû⽥ԪѷУһ̣ʼתļһ̻ƣһ߶µԪ
ܿ죬һӹȥ
ʱƣϵĺѾܼޣԴǴһѣĸоȻһֱתļԪĶҲЩϲˡ
ˣǰӹȥ
Ӻ˵һҪ֧Ųסʱڣƿ̻ɣһֱԼһƳŮһӿȥͬǴһ㣬쵽Ůزࡣ
ϵĺˮ˲ɺܶࡣ
˫ͬʱһ÷Ůľƾϡ

ͳ
˵һƾʱ䣬Ũ˷۶ط·һƬĺ
һ˲䣬⣬ʷͼԶɽһ
ǿ
̾
ʷͷ˸âСֵѾɹ̻͹Ҫʹõƣڽƿˡ
һԣԶɽȭͷĶСڡ
İɴ󽫾͹ﲻ⡣
ʷο
ڣŨŮߣΪƾһǵ쵱Ծʱǿֹ
һĻ찵Եͷ
ŨȵƣӦû⡣

̧֣ѹŮһӡŮϵ˲ɢ

Ļ£ܣɾ۶Ƿ·ܵʲôǣͬһС㣬õĳŮӿȥ£˳ĳŮ˿ڴӿ˽ȥ
ԿŮ˿ڿʼ仯
˿ڣϡ
š
˿ڽŨ壬еŮһ΢
ջһ

һԱ˫ۡ
ŮڣΪŮ˵̫أѾԵԣ첻òڿ̺ƵͬʱԪӿ룬̫Ũǿע󣬻˵Ů񾭡
ˣһԪĹ̡
ģľĵԽԽأҪס
ϣŨӿŮŮ˿ڿ޸ֹȥʮŮƤ΢·ѹؼ޾µɽڶŮƣ˫ۡ
ãһ̣ͫһӡ
ܸɾ
ԵЩ԰ס
Ů˶촽ƺҪڣҪվϧƤһٴαóҰеʧ
أٴαúڰ
ʱٴţһһ룬һӡ
һӺ˫ۣϵŮʱŮɫȻɲô󣬵Ǳ֮ձԶɽʱ̫̫࣬ĿƣŮѾɢԭЩĵȻȫϡ
ˡ
찵
ϵĺˮվСĵΪŮ·
ٴŮգ̲ס̾ĳ˰ɣʮգٹ꣬ȵԳһЩ޾°ɡ
ҡҡͷһߣ½ۻϡ
ˣ

ôΪһֱעĶԣµһ˲䣬˶ˡ
֨ѽһԶɽһŶ롣
첽ߣŴϵŮŮȶȶĺԶɽһֱȵ¶Щ֮ɫ
ǡ
񼼰
ʷ͸̲סп
ԭѾ˴Ů˿̣һʱѣȫơ
ۼŮѾԶɽת±ŵǰɫޱ֣غ£ٴ񣺡лСֵܣ
ʱһ𣬻ЩɫƵĶ죬ղжСʲôĶ
£ʱ䡣
漴¶һĨаЦƺ֪Ů˼Ȼڣҵˡ
㣡
ʱŭնŤ
ɱ㣡
һİγն

쵰
ʷ͸ȻûԤϵһĻɫ÷ŭͬʱǰֹ
˱Ǹ졣
ԶɽǰһץסնĳĽжʱĵƤѪˮ˳Žʶ¡
󽫾
ɫ
Զɽɿɫȥ
ǡ
ȥ
żԶɽһȣʱһ
ʵһۣһ䣬ŭֱ뿪
ֱԶԶɽ죺СֵܣʵڱǸ
Զɽ΢΢ͷһ㡣
Ͻ⣬ⲻĴ

۹һĴ󽫾ʮͷ̬ȱ˵¡ӵдˣ컹ǱȽкøеġ
ϷĲ£Ȼ˿һôϷĴԶɽҡҡͷ漴ĵСֵܣʲôҪ뾡ᣬǾ仰ֻҪҼԶɽܹõ˿ƴǣ
£ЩΡ
Ͻعʮأӱ׹ǧ񰲶ȴǰҪ꣬ᱻĵġ
˵
ڣʷ͸һۣнһĨ⡣
Զɽűŵ죬һʱҲǳĬ
ϷʮŮսʣСôһŮˣϷ˵С͵۹һҪԶɽһ۴ϵŮ죺Сֵ壬ɶ¾Ƕ£лر˵ԶɽӻȡһƣϷմսأδʲôǮƣСֵ¡
ֻаƴСֳɫϿһ֣ɷ裬硣
öʷ͸ͬʱɫ


38 
ɫƺСֻаƴ󣬵ȴһּϵĸоöɫƣʷ͸̲סһһʱЩ

΢ɣƺ뵽ʲôȴҿ϶
ʷƽº͵뽫Եսƽʱһ㲻ôʹãڵ۹Ӷԣ󽫾ô˵㶮ɣ
£һ
ô˵öССƣ񲻵ǡзһĴˣ
ĬΪ컹ף˵ʵһ㣬öƣǵĳ㶼Եһ֧ľ߹ģĵ۹ӣ

ԭѾµˣһ£Ǹˡ
ⶫƺں˰ɣ
ЩΣЦϽⶫͲٻ𣿡
ԣԶɽһ㶣漴ˬʵĴЦ
ϷݺɳʮأһͣĲ˵һ㣬ϷЩŵģСֵܶȻСˡ
Զɽ
һԣʷ͸Եͷ
ΣȴЩλϽˣǺ
УԶɽСֵ£ʲôǣʳʱٻϷǡ
£Ц˵ˣ£δЩʧ
ϽΣлʳǣȻȥϴš
˵
ԶɽЦһôһģϷţԶԶɲ㣡˵ԶɽתСŮӴϱʷ͸֣صλռ䣬Ҳлˡ
󽫾ˡ
ʷ͸
ŮѾȫȶԪɽҲͣһ·Զɽ͵ǰ
λֹɣԶɽٴθл
Զɽ
ʷ͸ͷҲ顣
󽫾һ·˳硣
˵
ԶɽЦŵͷת뿪߳ͣ
ع죬Զɽ˵СֵܵӦС£Եǡˣ˳Ȼɡ
ͷԶɽתȥ
ţ
Щ㶣ζżԶɽĻЩֵֹġ
ʷȡЦСֵܣиӣ󽫾뽫Ů㡣٣Ů޿ǻʳǵһŮ
ϷǾͦ䣬Ȼû㳤ʲôȻ֮ôǿӦò̫󡣡
죺
ͷ˵ͦ˼
ҡҡͷ׼кʷһ뿪ͻȻ䣬һѣθϮԺ˶ʱһġ
ʷ΢ס죺Сֵôˣ
ֻоͷ­ԽԽΣ΢΢һ֪ԪĵıȽأ˿̳˺֢
Щܡ

ʷ͸һ㶣漴Ȼ
ǾʱˣϷСٰһСֵЪϢһ

ʷͷⲻ
룬һϲ丮Ӧò⣬֮ǰкԼʱȥͰȥϦ
棬Ǻŵġ
뵽ҲƳ٣Ǿ鷳ˡ
ȷʵΣ߶Щѡ
û£Ӧõġ
һ֡
£ʷһ𣬽һС
СֵܺúЪϢϷȻȥˡʷ
ڴϣͷߡ
ʷͷһ˳ȥ߳ʱϷķڸڣСֵʲôҪһǡ
лϡ

˽˺ͷȷʵǸܲˡ
֨ѽһں˷ţŲԶȥ
³һӣǺۣϢʱԼ˺ܶࡣҡҡͷδºۣ˫ۣܿ˯˹ȥ
ʷ͵ſڣصԼķ䡣
ŮСڹòдŽ֮ˡ
ȥһвûжٱ仯Ψһ仯ǣһ죬һ䶯ԵϢӹڴ˳ȥǵһλſʦʮѾ׿ʦˮ׼᳤ϸױʷ硣
ϢԵģסˡ
ʮ꣬׿ʦôܣ
ǧȷֻǸںɫ£ûܼòʮҡ
ҲˣǸʱ򣬵۹󽫾ƺҲ˵Ķݡ
ʲô۹󽫾λϽ
Ȼǣ
⡭λϽôڷǣ
˭֪أȷȷʵʵˡ
ʮ꣬׿ʦ
ϢһǴСнﶼ¡ʮţ׿ʦڵ۹󽫾жÿһϢ𾪺Ȼ
֪ʦΪ̣ǧٱһĿʦͶǶʮ߰꣬һһˮ׼ڣȴͻȻһʮ׿ʦֱ̫ˡ
ôܣѵǴ̥Ϳʼп֮
ʦ۷ʦأ
⡭
һ㣬ǿµģ
Ȼڣүǡ
ǣ˶̾
һУȻ֪飬˿˯úܳԷδڣ˼ûеõӦԼ뿪ˣûнȥš
һۣһҹȥ
峿ӭųһ߳˷䡣
ˣ
ӭϸЦк
鷳ˡ
Ц
лʲôÿ⹫ᣬ͵ԼңԺ󾭳ҡҡͷ漴ֵˣ緹ѾС׼ˣһɡ
ͷС
ǿʦ緹Ƚϼ򵥣ϡ࣬˺ͷʦһҲⷴԷǵӾкøСù緹ŮСƴк漴˳ȥ
һҹûлȥϦӦúܵİɡ

뵽ĽŲӿЩ
ܿ죬߳˿ʦԶѾʦӰӶˡ
ҲʱĽŲͻأһ٣омĿ΢΢ƫͷֻԼ꣬ĸȻ⣬úµʱüͷһ塣
δͣ½Ųһǰߣһв²˾˭ĵңĪҺܺƣںɫ£Ӧö޷ʶˣֻԼڴźʱˡ
ģԺиֳһӰϼҾһǸ꣡
һǻ뿪ʱı飬Խ϶룬ˣǻйأ
ؾ丮԰⼸ˣǻԺ಻ңܹڼϽߣͣļܹ丮Ҳ˵ʱĸ⡣
ת䣬⣬³ųȥ
¶ЩŹ֮ɫȴδ⣬
ʱ߳ǣһ˼֮ء
ɡ
Ҳʱͣ½ŲĮ


39 նɱ
һߵľľ߳һ졣һѪȵϢȻǾɱȾѪԲ١
⽫˵ſأ޴ء
һ˷̡
£첻мһЦ
ͩġ

ڿʦʱǵüԶɽֱȫͩ
ˣһߣٵֱ֣
Ȼ
£Ц
ֱΪ֣ʯˣ˿̣ǰһĮ죬ʴȣһλĻᣬԷ˫ȺΪ˫ۣԼְɣǶ֣ȵǶֻ֣
ԣ첻ɵЦ˼ǻøл
ֵ׾ͺá
Է˫ȺΪ˫ۣ׼ĻŰɣ
Ų
˶ʱɫһǰ˵ֱȻô׼
ʯ̫ˣá
ţѾһֶ£ʶô
˺
𡣡ںУƽǰһôҲһλˣԷ˫ȺΪ˫ۣҲɱǣҲһֶ¡
ԣ˶ʱɫһ

ֺ
ʯ÷ϻˣɱ
˲ֹ˵˵ѣŸո£Ѿ졣ٶȺܿ죬ϸǱһɼΪǿƣһ졣
أ
£һȴ⣬ܣһȭӭǰ
ȭײһһˡ
ţ
ʯڸʲô
ֺü
˶أʯе似ɽƣһƳǧ֮֮ͬп֣ȴȻһߵסˡ
ʯɫ΢죬СЩŹ֡
һȭ˿̣ʯоЩ顣
ˣ쵭ǵĶϵϢӦǵ۹ľˣ쾭ǵĵ۹ˣ˽ƺֻһ֧ôӦǼϽĲ£ΪλͩĻ
ԣ˶һ


ʼ磬ȻѾˣǰҺ֪ȻΪ۹ˣΪʲôͩĻ
ߣ
ߡ
ʯʲôֻҪٽãδһƬƽ̹һˣûκԡ
ϻ̫ˣǵĿģɱ
ü
ã˽
ֵһ糤ʣѹ졣
£쵭ĮһЦһֻȭӭϣһʯƵײһĶԷŵŵŵĺԶ
㡭
һ
ܹоΪأǵһСѣ֮ȴǱǻҪǿ
ѵ
˵
ϣЩԳʱǾޱǿᣬľˣ˱ߣ츳һ㶼ȽϲõҲᳬ츳Խǵ˺ڣԽǼѡ
ԭˡʯߣˡ
һʯϱһɸǿƣһ쫷һ̣ʯԵǹɱչǿ似
ɽƣɣ
ʯȡ
ֻʯһյȭ·һɽ
ˣ
£Ц
ֳ£סںµĻĽʯԽԽڣǶˣһ
ݣ
ͬһ֣ʯ
µľ
أƺڴʱ
һֺ̣˶Ǳ΢ͣͻȻúܰ
δ𡣡
һ΢Ʈ𣬵ѪƮ䣬漴ʯֱͦͦȥĲһϸѪ˿ˣ˫ĵա
Ŀ
ʯ
ֺɫ䡣
죺ʲô
ţֻǿʯѣδֻ֣ǸоٶȺܿ죬ȴû뵽һδҪʯ
ʲô𡣡쵭ɱ˶ѡ
ɱ˶ѡ
ĸ֣ƽֺȾսɱ¾˶ɵͷһ
һϣɱ
ɱ
ֺ˳
ͬʱˣǿԪʱɢ
鵶֣
ȣ
ȡ
˿̣ûٵ͹죬óȫ弶е似ɱ
£쵭ĮһЦƮȻˡ
ӣ룡

ӣ
첻м
ƮȻˣУۣһŶˣ䵭һгն˳ȥ
֮
ﬣ
š֮ĸ£ʱ䣬̶ĽХУɫâ鲼һĽĻ֮
ǣ
˱ɫ
ָͫˣ
˾ս˿̣еĸܵΣ
ʱˣˡ
Ц
ƮУܼĽӰ£ǰ׵壬һʱ䱻ӰᴩʮѪһߣȻһȴҲʧȥ˷ֻǿŲŲ
ͣ٣ȥ
㡭Ҫʲô
ֱɫ
һ̣ǿ־֮ɫ
첻м̧Ⱦһţݺݲؿڣֲҽ
ͩʲôݡ
ʵ
Ĳſ˵֪ӭ䵭ɵøӿ־壬Ƕſڣ㣬㡭Źң
Ȼһῼǵġ

㷢ģ
ҷġ
쵭
һҺŲ۹ʳǿļ壬ֱǶμңҺͽң١һСү
ʵΣ
ʵ
ܡǿֲ˵Уʶǿ򡣡
ԣһݡ
ʳ֮һүѹܸϽߡ
ۡ
ԼǱ˵˸ˡ
֣ЦлṩϢ
ͷһɣ漴һͱɫ컺г
ʲô˵Źҵģ
־ִС
˵𣿡ƽֻ˵һ¶ѡ
㡭
ۣ
£һĨѪֵͷ­б˳ȥ
Įɨһ˵ʬ壬תֱ뿪

ص丮סʱ̫õգºۺϦ⣬뿴Ϧû˯á
֨ѽһűƿʱɫһ͡
ֻУһŮϦ˳˫ȱ¶ڿУŵĹ󣬻˯òʵԭŮؿڵļ¶⣬ԼܼѩףŮǹһӨҺߣԵúˡ
ɲô
⡭
캹գһĻЩסˡ
ʱƫɲɵǣ˸ӣ˫ۡ⣬ԭЩã˫۽˶סˡ
һ˲䣬һһŮ۵Сۡ
󡭡

һƳգͬһ㡣


40 ⸮λ
ڵסڣ糺죬Բ˫۶졣
Ǹ⣬ᡣ
Ρ
֪һϦң˯ôʵ
⣿᣿
ҧأ˫ĿһҪı顣
죺
ʱ򣬱ֳĬõѡ
һʱ䣬ԵøΡ
Ҳ֪˶ãȴô۾죺Ϊʲôûлȥˣ
죺
⻰ʵôôŤء
ϰ似
˵
ϰ似ҪһϣͲϦ
Щɡ
̫棬ʱ䡣Ĳ˳СС˸ƨ˵ˣⲻŮڣһ㶼ģ϶СϦһչ˺СϦ
һɫı顣
һ죬ɿţֱͦ׼
С
Ц
̹Щ
һ涢죬˵ˣϽ׼һ£丮֯һ⸮ӵλڡ
λ
һ㶡
£û˵
丮Ҳһˣ丮⸮ڸһӦ֪ġȻǣÿһ꣬µӽ丮丮ʵʱ⸮ӵλλǰʮ߶нҲΪ˶µ
͵
ʵʲôӼ໥Ծ
ǡҡͷڲͨ޺ˣݺܼ򵥣ɱޣȡ޺ˣݸõ޺˵ȼۺ֣÷ԽߣԽǰ
ͦ򵥵Ĺ򡣡ͷ룬漴üӦö׿丮Ͳĵбɱ
⣬治ɵ÷˷ۡ
ƽռ䣬ӻȥĥ¼أ丮ӱɱõģ񲻳Щӵĸĸˣ丮丮ֹֻӼ໥ɱڱɱֻ֤˺

ͷȻЩпᣬȴǺе
μ𣿡
档
淭ۣȻҪμӣҪͷ˵Ҳˡ
ʱգѾͷһһͷһ㶼ء
ӰɣҪһ𣿡
˵
գգۣһЦļһ֤ƵĵȻû⣬ģ㱣㣡
ͬ䣡
ǣʦұ㡣
죺
Ҳ֪й£˶٣ͻȻ뵽һˣˣ⸮ÿһǸܺƣ⸮ŵڼ
һ±ȽϺá
죬Щ죺㲻֪𣿡
֪ҡͷ룬ֲһ䣺̫æûȥ
ֵˡ
ܺƣͳ˧֮ӣʮ꣬أ⸮һ

ͷŶ
Ŷ
졣
ô
һ㶼ģ
ʲô
⸮һأºҪһսģս
һԣһûһ˿Ÿ
췭ۣãһŬ
ô˵һҲ̫˰ɡ

̬졣
Ц
𡭡Ʋ죬ЩŲĵһ£ΪﵽһˣӰȭ;罣˺εȳ̶ȣ
첻ɵݸѾͷڿ
أӰȭɣ罣ɡ
Ц
ԣʱֵɴ˫ۡ
ɶ
ԭ滹ȡЦһ죬ȴ룬Ļ
أӰȭɣ罣ɡ
ʲô
Ӱȭˣһʱﵽ죬Ҳǿ⣬ǣ罣޵˴ɣҪ֪⽣ʼû޵۷Σʦ඼Ȼһ¾˴ɣ
츳
ƭң
졣
Ҫչʾһ½⣿չʾһΪ
ʵ
Ҫ
ͷôԸš
Լôô
£ҲԥչΪչ罣Ľ⡣
㡭
ŴС졣
ֻǽ罣޵˵ڶ˿̣չʾĵ۽⣬ԱչĵڶǿȻǾ罣ΪľԸһЩȻܲȷʵء
ô˰ɡ
̯̯֡
죬ҧ
䡭ָ̬ҪڣͻȻ֮ǰ£һ죬Ŀڵ
˲ꡣ
Ц
Цһգһţֱܵˡ
󣬵ͨʯſ
һԶƮ
ݸҡҡͷ
⸮λô죬׼΢΢
һϢסڣ֮ǰ򵽵ȡ˳׼̻һЩ罣ƾᡣϾ⸮ǳڳɼǻȫǣһЩ׼ܹ鲻ʲô¡

һۣʱȥ
һ죬ͨʯǰܼվŽˣЩ˶Ǿ丮⸮ӣһǰ룬ɾ丮⸮λΪڣա
֪ǰʮĽЩʲôڴ
ڴʲôŽ丮ǰʮ
һܿ԰ɡ
ʯǰСš
´
죬ߡ
֣ԭǹС족ģھεĿ;Ǹ˹
ˡ
첽˹ȥ
׼ˣ
ʵ

ͷһϯɫۣ󱳰һڻУǲż֮ƾᡣ
ͦо񡣡
Ц
ǡ
ҲЦ
ǰ޴ʯǰվ丮ĵʦڵߣ⸮˵Щʲôݣ޷ҲǹսһĻ
ãʼ
ֹȥʱڣʦУһ˸ߺȳ£ʱ䣬ͨʯű򿪣һŨϢӭ
˵Ķ飬ô׳ھ丮£ɵĴʯŴʯź˶ʱٳ˳ȥЩˣ½丮ĵӣ˿Եú˷ܡ
һƽĳһȥ
棬Ӧö˽ɣ
ʵ
潾ĵͷȻ
ʱͷˣ󣬲ú뿪ʯǧԶѾȫʯŵӰӡ
𣡡
໣
޵󣬿еŨࡣ
һ޵ƵĴ󲿷ֶһޣȻżҲһЩ޳Ƭ򡣶ǧɺǶ޵ٵļڵΪֻܽ뵽޵򣬽󣬾ͻЩΣˡ



41 Ī
׹ڶ࣬ӵ͵ߣ¿ԷΪŸȼֱһżУһ޿һصǿߣ޿صǿߣ޿صǿߣԴơ˵УԽ˾żޣǿԻΣʵǿ֮
ȥ򡣡

룬ҲС
ǵΪѾԽأһ򣬻ûʲô塣
߰ɡ
ǰȥ
߳ԶһһԵһԼɵèҰ޻һ˫۾̹ԲëƤֻҺɫ
èһޣǿߡ

ܵʱ򣬳èһУವ˹
󳤽ʣһն¡ǿߣһǿ߶Ķ֣οһֻèͱնɱ
޺ͷ­ڣڳ
˵
ͷԳèԴѪģ䣬ȻһӤȭͷС״Ѫ˸ŵâ
޺ˣ

ŶϣоŨһһЩصƺèйء
һԣɻı飬͵޺һľڣӴѪ֮Ȼֶһ㲻ֱ
Ϊʲô
档
֪淭ۣ˵ɡ
ŶҲ޺˶׼õС
߰ɣһ£ΪֱӴһȥԣ;ضޡǰߣһһߵʦҸ·Ȼ;УʦĻûɣ
죺û
Ѿͷһһʦ㣬ˡ
һʱ˺ܿ촩Խһ;Ȼ˲ޣȫ콣£˿̣СѾʮ޺ˡ
𣡡
޵ĺХǿŨ
ߡ

ͷֱ
ռؼ㣬˵丮˽У໥ɢҪˣ治סܣʲô丮ӣ޵Ǽ࣬˸ܱ߳ǳһͷͷޡ
׾ԣء
Ծء
޺ҹء
һһܡ
ЩһﵹͦϤ

ǳʶпҲ丮й޼¼鼮һ޵żޣеޣ鼮ﶼϸļ¼
飿
졣
Ȼͼ¼ͷȥױһǸ˭ܿ

ͷʱͷѾ˹
ӽ۵һȿԾһնΪΣ漴Ųһ˱˲ϢͷԱߣһȭһͬʱ
飡
ۣ
ҽУ׾ԺͺҹѪС
Գͷ޵Դȡö޺ˣ뵽СС
˵Щ

صޣڵԣʵڲ
£泯Ŷȥ
𣡡
໣
ڼ䣬˵ǰʱʱ޵Ĳҽܿ죬ߵ˶ıԵ
ٹȥˡ

ߵò
վڶıԵ쳯ȥȷʵܹоԶȶǿңڵĹľĸӴ
߰ɣĺΣգǾıԵĥ¡ֵĻһö޵޺ˣֵܵʮö޵޺ˡ
ЩΣֻõͷ뵽
Ĺľܴɾȴ١
˴ŰɺͻȻͬʱͣ
ǰһľһͷѪɫë˳һɣ۾ɫһѪĸо
ѪǣأѪҺУѪҺζܹᵽء
أ㲻֡

ص߽ȴûкͿصս
Ҷ
ʱס
ô
ЩɻֻǿضѣڻôŶԣϾҲء
ѪټȺޣһ㶼Ǽжԡ
Ļ䣬ͿǰһͷͷѪ˳͵Ի谵УԵøɭȻ£ʱͷһʼͷʮͷѪǣԻˡ
ܣ

ԥĵͷһȥ
ʮͷѪǣԿɿǿߣɲǿЦġ
أ
ߣʮͷѪǶʱ¶ɭȻı飬Ƕзವٶȼ졣
汼УΪͬͷ鱪㣬ˣѪȴûбپ롣
ȭ
Уתһȭʱʮ˵ȭ֣󷽡
һȭɱЩѪǣȻܣֻԴѪǵٶȺҰѡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ȭں󷽵ľϣ¡¡ıըнƵζһʱ䣬ʮͷѪǵĶȻܵ谭˼ľֱӱһء
Ư
޵
ֱһξ룬ǸоѪǵϢȻ롣
谵УߣΪСġ
ڸǡ
ͻȻ
üһ壬Ҳоˣܽģһ㶼丮ӣЩ˸ǣѵ޺ˡ丮ÿһ⸮λУ丮Ӽ໥޺˵²ټ
ֻ޺𡣡

ǿޱȣ֪ȻҲ񣬴˿̣оһɱ
ֻ޺ˣƺشɱɡ

棬һȥ
ͻأס֣һ㶣漴糺죺һ
ô⻹ǵһαôǣ֣աҲ֪ǰʲôûʲô
ܿ죬ǰÿտͣ˽Ų

ת󷽡
վԱߣ˳Ŀ˹ȥ
٣ֱͦ
һЦ𣬼Ⱥ߳
ɫһĪĪУĪĪɣĪٻʲô
ĵӣѾھ丮һ࣬Ȼ֪ˣ⸮ӣΪءΪҪǣ˶Īҵˣüͷ΢壬һɺܲõԤС
Ī
ʱ˫ۡ
Ǳһ˲Ͳµ£һǰ丮ֵĶԾУɱĪҵĪɭڣĪһ֣ȻкģоԷϴŵɱ
ּҰСӣǰֻǸҷϣӵǱͦ󣬾ɱĪҵӣĪ䣬ǰһӦò֪ôдɣ


42 ɱ
ĪˣһŮصǿߣĪѾҪ죬˿̣˽жŵĮɱ⡣ĪΪ壬丮ȻֹĪɭĪţѾ丮ꡣ
أΪɱңĪһ±Ǯ
쵭
ĪһֹĪңҲǺɱ㣬ҷϵṇ̀ʼչ丮ڣ졣
һˡ
Ц߳丮ȴԺȫûκϳ˿̣Ī⻰ɵΪԼĽеңĪҺҹȻ丮ⰲߣ͵߳丮ɱء
ϧˣùˡ
ĪĮ
ಣ
ƿ֮𣬺󷽣Īٻһȡһֱֱ׼졣
ҵļܴ͸һС
Īٻ
ͬһʱ䣬Уȡ
һĻʱɫɱ֣丮𣡡
ԣ˽ǲмһЦ
ĪĮޱ鲼һΣյĵطʵҷϽ򣬱ɱһѰ¡
ǡ
涯ݡ
ȻµĪе˼ɱ󣬽һƵϡ
һҶ֣һһһ丮ǡ

˶ӣĮҡͷ
ˣǲ˵ġ
Ϊ׵Ī
ɫһ䣬漴ŭ
ʱһЦֽ˫ŶˣӦ֪ݲŶԣ˶ɱ֣ӹҲڡ
ĵӣĪԹ⼸Ϊ˲©ȴ涼ҪһɱʵɥĲ
һɱģҲޣǡ
Ī
ĲУ죬һȥҧĪӡ
콫£ɫʼƽ֪ݻҶ֣һȻ׼Īָʹİɡ
ܴ
Ī˫֣ϡ
ۣϵôˬ죬ΪҺˣ
ǻܻţ
ĪɫĮ
Цһ֮ɫ
ǶأĪǿҪ̤죬սһѵɱһʿһŮӣ
գǱ
Īе
ðɡ
ааһЦԵù죬һš
˱飬ȻĪ˺ܲˬ
֣
Ī
Ļ£֦ϵĪٻʱЦŶ֣ݵһһ֧ɫʸƿնֱ׼üģҪռ䶼͸
Сģ
ɫ
һǿһе似
ǴаЦֱʸüʱſ֣һץסʸһݺݵĽмʸ˳ȥ
ݣ
ʸƿգǳԭ·أ۵һĪٻؿڣһĿѪ⡣

ĪٻҽУӴ׳֦׹䣬һˤڵء
һᴩࡣ
һɱ
Сٻ
ĪĪٻߣһ̽Ϣʱ¶֮ɫ
㾹ɱ
Īŭ
첻мһЦǿ׳һĪܵɱңѵҪҶǿͿɣɱߣҪñɱľ򡣡
վɫƽ䵭
һ
Ŵ˿̵죬ЩȣСֹƽռǸôº͵ˣɱȴ۾գһ£ַʵЩӦ
棬Ī˵ɫ
ŸոտʼУȴȻһ˱ɱˡ
һϣ
Ī
£һǰѹ졣
ͬһʱ䣬Īųǰȥɱ档
ûɣ
ճС档
һһ˦һ㽣УΪʦ˭ţʦ㱣㣡
˵ţȳ˳ȥ㽣նĪкĪɡ
ҿˣϲŮӱء
쵭Ц
ƫͷĪĪɫʱ䵭
ﬣ
һһתʱ䣬̶ĽХ쳹ա
֮
ĸƬУܼɫи֣ͬһԲεĪĪĪкĪͬʱնȥ
һ
־һնˣȻĶֶˡ
ĪĪ죬ɫӱ
ſ񣡡
Īŭȡ
һŵâȻʹó似ԽĪɿĳնȥ
аһЦ΢ףԾ
֮
ƮĪ
һĪеĳϿĲһϸѪ˿Ѫ漴һ£Ĳ
Ī
Īɫ䡣
ǣ涼ɫŶãصΪսصˣתۼ䣬쾹ɱˣ
Ǻεս


ɱ
˴𣬾ȫס졣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮ϱΪǿƣͬͷԱĳɱȥ
гһ䣬ĪкĪ¡
ǵĶң
ߵ
ӣ
Īдŭ
һ㶣漴мҪң
г𶯣˲ޱȿ£һ㽣һȴ·һޱȣ춼ݡһ룬ҲȻˣô˵ҲĹŵӣʵǺ¡
㡭
Īбɫ
۵һеĳһ֮ն͸Īеļ򣬶ʱĪзһĲҽС
ĪУ
һĻĪĪɽԱɫ
Զȴҡҡͷ
ͬΪأʵĪи߳࣬ղһԸ⣬ԿһնĪУȴֻǹᴩ˶Էļ
Щˡ

ĪżѪˮʹնŤ
ң㣡
졣
ʱֻȻ˵ղŵն
ĪĪɽĪл档
СǣĪɫ漴һתҲãɱͬŵӣϱ丮ҲὫϵΪţʱû丮ıӻҿ㻹ôȥ
ɭһЦĪɫΪ̡
ͬûеŭã㻹Ǹ۲۵ҡҡͷĪ֮ǰǾ仰ô˵ţˣǲῪ˵ġ
ԣĪɫһ䡣
Ͼɱ
Ī
ô˵Щ˰ɣʲôϾɱɫƽУ𣺡Ҳˡ
ﬣ
Х̶һɾ˵Ľڳݿ࣬һС
ǣ
Ľ⣬Ī˶ʱɫ䡣
һߣǶݣ˲³Ҫʩչ似ʲô罣һʽ֮


43 
˵Ľɢһʱգ漴ܼĽӰ֣ÿһӰһʮֺˡ
罣һôܣ
Īɫ䡣
Īûϰ罣ױУȴǿ罣Ľܣ˿̵ĳһģһ
һ˵˿޳𣿣
ĪɺȻ
ǹһĨЦ⣬˸һּΪаĸо
棬˿һЩ

˵
Ʋ졣
ʵϣչʱѾµҪʩչʲô似˿̣ڼܼĽӰ󣬵һ˿罣һʽʦ඼Ƴ磬Ȼ֪һĿ¡
ˣ
ĪеĪһĪжߡ
һܼĽӰ
ҿûˡ
Ц
Уѹ£ʱеĽӰֱ׹䣬ͬһ㡣
ҽеһʱȽĻһܹסֻһ˲ѣĪбӰᴩֱӱ˵رϣѪ
ۣ
һƬѪƮĪǲ⣬һᴩ
УΨǿĪǿˣĪҲǲѪۣźˣǾ塣
ÿ£ѹһֱʼûɾ磬һѾԱȵ弶ϵ似ˡɴ˫ۣ漴ֺǲ죺һȻһھͽ׽޵˴ɣ츳ô𣿡
ƣɨĪ
Ȼܻţ
Ц
гĪ˹ȥ
㡭Ҫʲô
ĪһԵǰһߺˣһ߻ҵĶ졣
ʲô¡
аЦ
Īɫѿһߺˣһ߳ѾɱĸˣֻüҿԵʲôûԲ丮
Ц˵ʲôλأǶɱġ
㡭
ĪɫһͣʱһƬࡣ
⻰֮ǰϣڣȴϡ
ɱң
Ī졣
ˡ쵭Цϧû
㣡̬Ī־ŭ죬ɫĵȰñɱңҲùĪ󲮲Źģ丮ҲŹ㣬ȴҲһ
ɱ㣬Ҹù
첻м
гĳĪȥ
ĶһԵɫݣſҪ˵ЩʲôջסˡϣɱͬţȴҲ֪ЩΪɱһһƺûֹɱ˵ɡ
ˡ
С૵
ȻƵĪǰг𣬵˸
ټ
ааһЦ
⣬ֱѹ¡
Ľ滮͵ĦȻʱеĶһͣȻתķ
棬

ɻ󣬷ǳ⣬Ȼһ̣ͻȻ䣬һɱϢƣֻ֪ʲôʱһӰһϮɫۣͬǴ˵еһ㣬˲ɵͷƤ顣
һ˲ѣоԪ·𱻶ˡ
֡
֣һ̣ͻȻƣ˹ȥ

ӸŻ۵ӰдԴȴԵüΪª˫۳ֳɫΪ졣
ҷſ

һ̣ʱĪתǱ߳ȥġ֮ʩչͬһϮɱǵһӰ
ಣ
ƿ֮һ̿ˡ
ֻһҹӰͬһ㣬ٶȿ쵽㣬һ۾ͳʮ֮⣬󣬼˸ʧҰС
лһ˿亮оЩ䡣
˿̸ӽ

гǺ⣬ǰ澹ǹӰץˣ
ûйԥתһĪǰһץסĪ죺ղʲô֪ģȫң
ĪɪɪдЩ֣̿ǡǡ
ž
ֱӸĪһ⣬ɫ䡣
˵
ڿûиĪµʱ䡣
ӭޱȱĪʶһиֳ־֮ɫһҺĪ޳أϲץסǰĿ־̬֮һһڽ֮Ե

սгһֱնĪĺ
㡭㡭
Ī˫źѪˮָ嶼ڲδȥȴоԼʧĸоޱȿ־塣ֻǣ̺̣ܶĪ˫۷ףڵû˶

ŵϵʬ壬û˿鲨ɨһ򣬴Լ䣬оʮϤڷٿǵúѪǵϢŵѪζ
ৣ
ǲ뿪
Ī˵ʬ壬ѪȺĸɸɾ

ɫԵЩһת鲼ܣӦǳϢʼʱ֮նɱĪʱӦĴڣҲΪΪǿԭ
һҪϰ
찵
Ī֪˳ȺãϲץǰĿ־̬֮ٳԵ㣬ʱһһ죬ңϲ²ŮӣŮӣ͸ʱ䣬ȻٳԵ
а̬ȴҲЩңΪ̬ƵȺãʱ䡣
ûߡ
ٶȸ졣
ǲһһ˸ּٱܡ
һʼתţٻǵóϢǿ󣬶ƫ䣬ڿк󣬵ù̵ʱŻɢһǸĪṩĳĳѨλãԼвֱϢһӦ׷ȥ
ռؼ󣬴ƬУŸоٱܣͬһͷԱ㣬ľˡ
ƬһϵѣЩƤЩϦȴǼã˿汻ץߣȻޱȽ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ǲʩչޣһӰԽһ΢СĿ϶ʮɵľ룬ֻһ۾ͱ˦˶ٶȣ˿˿ضᾪŴ͡
ٴУͻȻһ
ҵˣ
ͣһֻǰһںڶһ۹ӰûڶУǳͬʱԼ䣬һ½ǡ
ֻһ˲Ϣʱ䣬ѾûǺڶС
һУźڶ
ǿ۷ޣǿ̫̫࣬濹⣬ԲǶ֣Ҫǣı̬Ⱥ㹻ʱ棬ʴˣ͵ǰԣҪǽ¡


44 
ɽܺڣСɽǰʱоһɼΪϢ·ǰһƬ߰㡣
ųٶһ漴ûС
ɽĶڣԽǽԽ䣬ļԶһǿ󣬵ҲܳסȺ䡣
̫ܲܰɣϾŮӡ

뵽ĽŲЩ
ɽԵЩۣȴûв˵һ¡˲ãһһŮӽ
һʱС
ܿ죬ǰЩ쿿ڶλãб۳ǰȥ΢΢һ˿̣ѾߵɽͷǰһƬСĳѨѨڵĶвԵúҡΪǶȵĹϵ˿ֻܿѨİߣƣⳲѨзԲʮҡ
߿
Ϥ˳ſƮ
ƶѭտѨһߣʱ˳Ӱ˿ֻ̣ǰǳª룬ʱ³һɶĵζ

Уȴʼպ
һ֮ǰȥĳѵ屻ˣ
ٿһ첻ЩѾͷͦʰʱ˻ҴУ֪ʲô
Ů˫
찵ޡ
Ȼô룬ûɣһ߶ǰһ˼Ÿô
ǰƺҪª棬ܿ˿ֿȥʱʱ³һϢǲ֡һĻ춼ɵдֻ޶ѣϰԾȻô̬
߿
УԴһζͻȻĿһɡ
ҰķƫƣһżΪϤ
֡
ЩϲҪг
һæʳָѹ촽ߣʾг
ⷽɽԵЩ谵滹ǿĶжʱȻŤһߣͬʱеĸӿţ״ע
ȻҲ֪ܿ£濹⣬춼Ƕ֡
ԣҪȡ



ƺ澪ֵı飬ªԵЩ˷ܡ
һĻӣӵϼһʯתԪʯУſտѨһӳڵϺ󷢳һ
Ȼ˿ߣŲź춪ʯķƮȥ

ʯصĵطһ˫ѪɫͫŵرƺЩɻ
Ѩ⣬һ
ڣ
һĨâٶǲʩչޣֻһߣһ棬ͷߡ
أɲͣ
ಣ
ٶȼ죬һ㣬һƿ֮
ѣ˳Ѩλá
ȻȶתﾹȻʧˣʱһŭ

һ𣬳ͬŭϻֱȥ
ڵɽУΪ漸ѾûʲôֻԹʽ汼ܣһٶȶʱ˲١
ѽ׷׷ˣ
е
͸ڰɽһ˫Ѫɫ׷ôĴĿ
Ҳľٶδ̫ˣ
棬һҧǿнǲʩչĸ˼֣ɽеķĦ󷢳󾪡һˣ컹չֳôٶȣһҲ첻
ݣ
ƿ֮ƽԽԽ£
ŭͬ໥ĦޱȵĴ̶
ǰչ֣ɽĳѾԿһϲҲʱ򣬳ѾƵһΣյźųС룬ͣ½ŲԼٶȵԴ
ƿյԼ䣬쿴ͷ谵Ŀлһ֮⣬ƺһ㡣
һǰ˶ڴ

죬ǳªԵЩ
ˣ
е
찵һ룬򳯺ԭ·ط
ǿͻƣȻܡ
ֽһ׷أú󣬼һǰһ챧»ص˳ĳѨУҲ׷
ֻһսˡ
콫¡
ղţɽУΪռ̫СٻЩʩչټϻһ棬Щ鷳ԣֻܻص
гһ𣬽â֡
棬лᣬ뿪Ҫҡ
С
˵ʲôأ㵱ʦʲôˣҪһߣҪһ

ʲôߣɹӵһ˸첻ɵ÷ۣ˵һǴ֮أôǿˣ
һ㶣漴ƿڴ޳ܣåҪ
֮˼ȻǻûŮˡ
죺
һһӣͦġ
ಣ
ƿյķһ
ˣ
עץסߵĻᣡ
ͺһгһһתɫâ˿ٳǰͬһͷ鱪㡣

һͬײĽĳֶסˡ
΢Ľâſұۣצͬһ̣ȫסķͻȻʼɽʱļ֮⣬ǳצâ
ѶԸ
찵
֮ǰʩչ֮ٶʵЩ죬ųƿľ罣ڶȻҲܱܿǳ¡˿̣һ£ٺˣ֮콣ӰವĳųϮɱȥ

צӿٻӶնľ֮
һȻΪ̫𡣡
֮Ŀǰǿ似һȴˣɵð̾ص޹Ȼ£ΪҪ濹ʵǲ̫ܡ
Ըаοǣ֮ȻǳҲ˺߰˲Ȼ֮Щвġ
˺һ棬棬ʩչһξ֮Ž˵һɲǣٶ뿪
ߣ

ЩΣȴҲЩж
ðɣһ£ûʲô㡣

Ҳ˽Ը񣬹ô˵Ѿͷһߡ
㣿涢ų룬ʦǰ˵ٶȼ죬צӸǼͶһȴޱȴǣֽ̬ͨһֻצӻסһֻצӶԵС
˶٣ŵҪɱ͸סֻצӵķ϶̴ʵ̫ˣһ۷ǿ߶Ҫͬʱ߱ĹٶȺͼĸ֪
ԣһ
צӷ϶ٶȣ֪
˫ۡ
ˣһУС


45 ø
춢Ŷĳһ˫סǰ
棬һЩ

£ܿжź˼󲽡

棬Ѫ죬ĳ

ǰһ³гתѹ£֮ٶٴʩչܼĽâ˷ѹ
צӿٻӶ
꣡
꣡
꣡
ֻһתۼ䣬նľ֮˸ɾ
ֻǣɫ䣬һгֶһ⣬ᴩ΢΢¶ףǳֿȭų˹ȥ
죬ʲô
ɫ䡣
ֿȭⲻ
ɫĮ˫Ŀڽ֯ǲʩչޣ縡Ӱһ㣬쵽¡

һ촫Ͷĳһצӻɡ
ȻҲʱѾ˳ǰ
˿̣޽ȴȻȻն˳ȥ
֮
³ĸ֡
޽Ȼһ̣ȴ·һ֮У裬ǿ£ԵĽռ䶼һ¡
ݣ
һ۹֣
ɲǼ䣬һƬš
ſڰѪɫ˫ۿٰ漴ɴ˵˫Уһ浹أǻסצӷ϶䣬ʺѪˮ
ˣ
󾪣Ŀг˲˼ı顣
ǵãвûнǣȴն˾罣
ңһն˳
죬ô
ɱԼ죬治ɵó
ת¶һĨЦû£õúܡ
ڻζղһĸо
һղųն˾罣ңƺȳֽʱǿôģ̫˰ɣ
ɴ˫ۡ
ٺһЦܡ
ǰϰ֮ʱһܣûбֵʱͨеĽƣնĽнʱǿܶ࣬ԣղֱӽг󣬳ն֮
ƫʵʱһ
޽ն֮Ȼ
죡
׼
ǿ
һУԵ
֣ζŸղһһˬ
Ŀĵܣ
ȿȡ
ɿȣæĿƿ
ʱڶ֮£ɨһĨ׹⡣
ʲô
ɻ
Ŷ濿ǰǿʱһ
ôˣ
ĴչȻŵĺһ
ֻܼİ׹ǣҲ֪˶ãڻ谵Ѩзŵɭ⡣
Щ֣ôô׹ǣҿȥЩ׹ǶС룬ȻӦǰ²丮ӡ
涯ݣͷӦ
µİ׹Ǻܶ࣬ൽͷƤ飬Ȼʱȴǰһ
ǿһƬ׹ǣӤȭͷСĺɫ
ǣ
ۡ
ȡһɫõۻѾõɳʱ䣬еĹ֣ŵ
޺ˣ

·˫붯ܿ콫ܵһЩ׹ʱ䣬·ƵĺɫһɨԼٶö
Щ޺ˣ
찡
̲ס
˵Щ׹ǵˣǰӦǽĥµ丮ӣЩĥʱնɱޣռ޺ˣǱ²񵽴ˣˣ޺ȴǱ
ͷе
˶һۣɵö¶ϲɫ
ٶö޺ˣʵЩˣٶö޺Уд󲿷ֶǶ޺ˣв޺ˡյʱǻϢһֱɱޣʴˣٶö޺ˣĺռ
Ȼڡ
ø
Ц
Ŀ⣺ôһ㣬׬ѽ
ͷն
˵ʲô

ЦҲ˵ʲôʼ׹µ޺ˡԱߣҲûţһֱ֣ȥʱ˲޺ˡ
ٰܹʮö޺ˣУһ޺ʮö޺ʮһö޺һٰʮö

׼ӣ˿̣װ
׬׬׬ˣһԵӣ˫г״Ҹı飺Źȥһʱѣʣµ죬Ǿ˯ûѽ
ǣ˯棬ջҡ
ɿȡ
㶣漴ݺһţҪå
Цվߵһߣڵϵĳ΢һɨֽ϶˼ȱڣɵð̾צӻǹ͡ߵʬԣͷ­ȡһȭͷС޺ˣ޺˹âŨ·ǿҹ㣬ࡣ
ǿص۷ޣ޺˶ôԵ
졣
ҲЩȣ۾һգһգġ
˵һֻصΪѣȻɵһͷ޳ֱǸ
涢
ЦЦʵҲֻȡɶѣȻ죬ȴһϾԷûͬߵǻۡ
Ҫȳȥ
ʵ
æͷȻҪȥߣʦɲ
ĳѨܻ谵°γ˲ٰ׹ǣһʱ䣬н֯һָζ˺ܲ
վȳŶѨȥ
˺ܿ߳˶Ѩ
˿̣ɫѾҹĻ˴أΨеǳ֮£һԡ
ʲôɴֱӻ丮ɡ

⸮λȻ涨գֻڶѣʵϣռ䣬⸮ӿʱ߳룬Ȼһ;߳Ǿͱʾ˵λ߳ʱռ޺˼ɼ
񣬼֮ǰռ޺ˣһٶö޺ˣٶö޺ˣɲ٣ͬʱŵ⸮ǰʮˡ
ʦûɶҰģͷУˣظ
滶
סһʱѣԼռö޺ˣ㵱丮ĵʦɵڻȥҪǱǸôͣ
һ㶣漴Ȼรôû뵽һ㣡˶٣죬˵ʲô
룬ҸطϢһ£Ȼɱռ޺ˣȻˣܵúúĥһ⣬ռЩ޺ˣܲʲô¡
գһƬּ䣬˵ĽХһһͷϬţޱһᴩһѪС
βϬأȻһնɱ䡭
ԶԲ˫ۡ


46 նϵ似
һƬּ䣬̶Ľϻصһն˷Ҳ֪ж֦꣬Ҷаܣ˶ն
Ӱȭ
ȭ
֮
֮
֮
ȣռи·춯
ӣ̬
Զս졣
Ѿ죬ʱһֱڿս޳֣ÿζĳȥֵĻᶼûС
ۣ
ѪˮɽԾһ밵ţüġ
һţ˶Ȼأڷ

쳤һֲϵĺˮ
ţһͷޣʹ˻似ĥԷŽ֮ɱ
ȡţ޺ˣ𳤽¶ЩЦ⡣
棬޺ˣ
ͨЩĥԾ罣ƿظӴ죬ﵽ¯ĵز罣ǿǳ⣬ʼûܹԲ似ķǳǿս˺ܶࡣ
ǰʮö
Щ춼ѡһЩΪǿսʴˣ޺˵ռٶȺԴˣȻûвͲô⣬⼸ۼ췴ʩչ罣оǳѧ˲ٶ
һˣȥɡ
Ц
ĥ£Ϣ⣬ںսΪҲ˲٣оʱпܿ졣
߰߰ɡ
ͷȥˡ
£˳ž丮ȥ
˵ΪͣٶȻߵٳȥ˲ú˵ҰͻȻӰһ˿ȥЩϤ
ǣ
΢΢˫ۡ
ǰӰȻҲڿƫͷȥ
ף
һ΢Բ졣
һ£ģʣһֹ̬֮
ܺơ
С档
ܺӭǰ
ͣ½Ųüͷһ壬˵ĵܺƣ˵˺ܶˣҪС棡
ܺһĨ֮⣬ȴʼձЦ⣬ԱߣƺſӣЦԭҲˣºһս֪׼ˣӦò˰ɡ
ʼ磬ͲַˣֻǵĵԼȽϺã⸮һˣº̨ǳƻЩ̫ÿ
ܺ˫΢Уһ˵ζ죬Ŷֺţʤĳİء
˭֪ءһı飬ǹһĨаЦԹԵ֣С棬ߡ
һ죬һ
ĳƺȴû˵ʲôҲرŵ֡
ʱܺƵɫ
ô֣ؼ
Ц
֣һȵı飬ƿܺƳž丮ȥ
վס
˶ѣҲ˺ʦ˵ӲС
ʱ
ܺվ˳һ£һŻ£ЩɫƵĶ졣
ƺû˵ĻŲ䣬ɳžȥ
꣡
һâűߣնһĽۡ
ˣ
䵭죬г˸â
ŽűǵĽۣתɿ֣ųĻ꣺ղţڶ֣
Ҷ֣Σ
겻м
Σ
ȻһЦһΣ˲ڻǰ̧־һơ
ž
һĶֱӺ˳ȥ
֣Σѡ
һĻܺüҲЩȡ
ÿ죡
졣
Ȼ⼸ѾּʶǿµٶȣǴ˿ٴο̲סЩ𾪣һʿԣٶίʵЩ̬
ԶѪնָӡЩŭ졣
䣡
վɢһɺ˵Ľ⡣
ٶȲ͵ϮʱҲյĺܺã죺ҶҶ֣֣űϣ
ԶС⸮ڶʮ۷壬ƿ弶ϵ似ĽСģ⽣ܲöԸĪǼȻҲأɺȴ˺ܶࡣ
۷壬ϵ似
˫ۡ
ʱѾ֣һۼ䣬ܽӰֳܲһӰնĽâһֹĽǶȲת䷽򣬳ɱ
Ľ
ȡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
â˸ƿ֮ϷɽâĹ켣ȴǺģ
󷽣ӱ˫ۣĽ˼壬â飬һ˸޷סâն䷽򣬲֪ͻ֣ᷢԼѾнղ⽣ƿظӴˣҶ϶Щ鷳
Ϊʤ⸮ڶʮ
ܲ
ܺƵͷ
ʤЦܵٳһܲǼһܸ֮˰ɣڣٻСӵĳ̬ɡǣ丮ѣȻҲΥ٣ʵǲ֪ߵغúýѵ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
â˸ڣܼ齣Ӱ졣
ЩӰĺܹ죬ת䷽򣬺鷳ڹĦ󣬷ֺ켣
ߣ
Դ˲⣬ֻǱߡ
壬ȫٵ
ĵ
ԵĽɢѾﵽ¯ľ֮ȻչܼɫĻ֣ʮԲɢ
ﬣ
Х̶Ļꡣ
ն齣ȫ飬ͬһʱ䣬罣͸齣Ļ۵Ĳڡ

ҽУѪܣǱĵɳȥ
һĻ˲侪סˡ
⡭ôܣ
ʤ𾪣ʿȻһ۷նĽ⣬նǲ֮ɫ
ܺɫأϳչֳֽȻ丮ľ罣ҿӣƺѾ޵˴ɾ磡
ֵ֣ͬܣδ̫ݶˡ
ܺƳ
첻мһЦ˵Ҫʱնϵ似ʱûվ˵ʲôʤȴ˵ҺݶƨǲЩ̫ˣ˵ߵĹ治٣ǰѾˡ
ɨʤ΢һ
˱飬ʱʤɫһ䣬ɫ࣬ʤֱӳһ֮⡣
֣˵Щѣܺɫһңû˵㣡
˵ʱƾ͸͵Цˡ
̡
˶ô˵ģʤվ˳Ķ죺һ˶ѣʦֲ֪񾴣º󻹲֪ڸģʵǷգʦֵľʹʧְĸĸ̽ʲô
һ䣬̵ɨʤ
˵һΣ

һ̣ɢһɱͬһ㡣
㡭
ʤɫһ䣬̲סһ
ʵɱɵһɿ־С


47 ޵н
ϵϢЩ£ɱۻʵɱɲնɱ޾ܾ߱ɱű֮֮⣬ȷʵˡ
ܺüס˵ʤ漴죺δ̫ʢ˰ɡ
ʢˣ첻мܵǣ֣ȳ⣬ڻ˼˵ʢˣ᲻̫Ҫˣ
ʦ֣£ȳ㼸䣬кβף
ʤȵ
ʦ֣䵭ɨʤҲʦ֣
㡭
ʤɫһŭ
ܺưסʤ죬ô˵ֽնЩ̫ˣ˵֮أǸӦõİɡ
Ǹ˵Ц

棬תߡ
ߣ
ʤԱߵܺһۣһҧɢһɴƣҪ졣
¡¡
ʱزһɿҵ쫷ͻأܵľҡ·˵һ㡣˿̣ƬͻȻ죬Զһɺɫɳ漴زĸ
ȥܼ޳߳˹ǵƺš
Щ޿˲ɣ
ɫ
ˣ
һ촫ظӾҵĶ쳯ԶȥֻȺһľ޴޸޸Լɣ˫޴
ļޣôƬ򣡡
ɴ˫ۡ
ļޣԿǿߣ
뿪

ûκԥ棬ͷߡ
ôһȺ˵ޣֱ

һͷƤĽֻоĤҪһ㣬󷽣ǰ޶֣һѺۣܴ𶯣˶
һɹ֣˾Ǳǰޡ

ɫ΢䡣
ίʵЩڿƮޡ

һĲҽ˵һ˹ȥ޵һ־סֱСһĻʤˣܺԱöһץסɣδȥ
컹ڿУһޣͣ¡ƫͷľ޴ޣҧҧһץסԱߵ棬ʹݺݳԭ·ȥôһԼȴǸĳŰƮȥ
죡
ɫ䡣
ĳŰ޷ȥԿԼ£뻳ȡݲǰ׼õƾᣬһֱչוּһܼĽĻȻ֣ҵնޡ

޴𣬽Ļû˵ȴʧˡ
ڵϣԥתسȥ

Ļ谭ƺˣܼĴַĳϯ
ɫأȴη壬һתĸ֪ǲܼĴַ϶䲻ͣ˸Զޡ
ʲôôô죡
ʤ𾪡
죬Сģ
󺰣ңֱǰ㽣ޡ
С棬ͣ£ȥ֡
ܺ档
Խ棬ܺƿǰлȻһɫ֣㣡ڼ䣬ܺһĨ֮⣬ֻгһʱ䣬ƬռڣĽ˻նǰ
΢ɣܺƻİ
뷨һ˲䣬ɫһ䣬Ӷʱޱȱ䡣
ܺƵĽϮȥڹޣȴҲͬһʱе·ԭǲ˳ͻƳȥȴܺͻƿڡ
֣
ܺƴ󺰣һı顣
ǲܣȻǰнп޵ѼлУȻ˿ҲԱȫʱ޵һֲס塣
죡
ɫұ䣬ٳȥ㽣նһâ
С棬ܹȥ
ܺƴУ¡
ÿ
ŭ𣬶ű޲ס죬ᶼ

ʱһһʱ䣬ܺӿҶɲƵѹһ㡣
޾ǺˣܿʧԶ
죬Ҳһߡ
죡
УҪ׷ȥ
Ȼͬһʱ䣬ƬܼȺЩ޶ޣƺǱǰϵ뿪Щ޾񱩵Ϯˣһ׷޵ĽŲʱ谭סˡ
С棬Сģ
ܺƴ󺰡
Ű뿪ķܺһͬʱ¶һĨЦ
ҺҶ֪
ܺƵߵ

屻޵ĴֲţܺƷŨҵ˫ֺ˫ȶסˣԶ

ҵķߺХ󵽣ƶٶȺܿ졣
֪˶ãоͣ漴屻׳һײһʯϡ
ʹ
죬ѵվоϵĹͷ·˼Ƶġ
һɽȣɫ֯ܣһתԼ䣬͸ɫ쿴һ˫Ѫͫ䣬пᣬ顣
ɵô˸
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
Ҳʱƿյ𣬰޵ͺһܼĴֳѹǴ֮ϾȻݣȥˡ
ˣ
Ķʱȵס
ļޣǿߵĴڣεֵס
ˣ
ͻȻû뵽·ˣУǵʱɢʷΪ貵ĹâоԼַ·ȼ˰㡣
ǣ
󾪡
ʱ򣬰޵ĴѾǰ룬һҧֱ̯˳ȥ
ﬣ
һ˵ĽХ漴޵Ĳҽͬʱ
̧ͷȥʱɴ˫ֻۣǰǱĵɶϮĴָȫ˲
⡭
Ľƣһʱ䣬Щסˡ
⡭δ̫Щɣ
ʮԶ޷һ־Ľ˫޴ͫд˻ңԽеʮֳŵ棬ٳԶȥ
عһĨâ
ӣ
ĵĽţǲϣһƻ¡
䣡
һƣȴƬռ䶼ؼ·޾˻ƺпֲ𶯣Ұ˻ȫһɻϢС
ۣ
ǿİ޺һըѪˮ䣬Ⱦ˴Ƭر
쵹һٴαеĽƾסˡ
Ǳʲô
𾪡
Ժг޵ţȡ˫֮õ˿֮ǿ˽似ڣ⽣Ƹչֳ˿µĻ
ಣ
һ̧ͷֻһȭͷСľӨ״
֣֮ץס
ǡ޵޺ˣȻ

е޺ˣоޱŨѾԱȵһľ赤ˡ
ϧˣ޷޵޺ˣҪȻһö޺ˣҿ졣
ҡҡͷ׼޺
Ȼʱ
У貣һͻأе޺ס̼䣬һŨɢ˳֣ӿ롣


48 ļ
һԸо͸ֽڵǰŨʹһǰ赤ʱָоһģһ
ѵ
¶ϲɫ
һæϥ£ļһʱת
ˣ
ɫ⻪˸ԡ
쾲ԪǣûڵǹѪͽУ漴ϲķ֣ȻĿԴ
⡭
ٴһѹеļ
ļޣǿߵĴڣ޵޺ˣڲӴ󡣴˿̣нƵİ£ö޺˷·Ǳֽһ㣬еɢӿڡ
Ѫ⣡ǣ

ͼᶨǿŴľʹһѪͽУЩԪ£·һУиѪͽǡ
ν壬Ȼٻ
̣עʹ࣡
һһתļȫʹʼպƽҲ֪˶ãڴһ֮ͷаɫð
ˣܿȥʱ
ɫⷽɽУе޺ѾҪʧȥ󣬿ȥѾͨʯûж
Ҳʱһ
䣡
һɰΪģٳɢ
ɴƣʮ
ʮеϢʧ޵޺ϵĹâҲװȥʱ˫ۣâһš
³һ쳤
أ
ȭʱо˷츲صı仯ǿ

ʱһ𣬰޵޺˱ȡһͨʯͷԪһʱ˴ƬѺۡѾϵ޺˷ŵǰʵЩ𺳡
ΪʲһԾ޵޺޾ܣȴ޷ֱֻ֮ܽ䵱һʹãڣȻֱӽ޺е˳·ҩһˣֱ漣
ȥ֪ᾪɵˡ
⽣ơ
еĽƣֻоһļ¡
ⶫ̫ˣ
˿̣еĽѾȥֱ㶵Ŀ˼ϵľ֮ɫʧȡ֮ǿϲ⽣ƣպԼǱѰ˶һΪ;Կ޺ǿʵ
뵽첻⼤ĴЦ
ЦЦţɫֱñ
ܺƣӵţº㣬Ӹգ

ƽ飬쿪ʼطһƬСɽȣƺǰ޵ĳѨһɨŷ֣ط׹һ߾ߣĺǣҲ޵ĺǣȻ޵ĺǾӶࡣ
ɨɨδ޺˴ڡ
뿪ȥ԰Ϊʼࡣ

ӸõǴҩֵʮңԴอЧЩȲҪ԰һСңⷽ޵ĳѨУҲʵǸоܲ
̤ƬɽȣǰһƬܼ֣ɸӴ׳ռڵŨ˲һּĸо
𣡡
޺صĴضڻζ
΢¹⣬쿴һͷͷ޴ޣȻȲϰޣȴҲȥˣЩ϶ſֲĲɱĳԣǿ̫̫࣬Ͳһ
òļɣ
˿Һ
ɽڣ⡣
ܿ죬ӹȥ챯ķ֣Ĵļ
Ҹɣ
ͻȻ뿳˵ĳ嶯Ҫؾ丮ͱúᴩƬļ̾ŵĶļޣĶܹǿߣڲ죬ֱǾһ
֮ǰȻն˰ޣȴǳԪңֻżȻ˽ƶѣ£򲻳
ˡ
뵽첻ɵÿЦֱ̰ܺϳһǧ顣
˶һɽ˳ȥ
ļȻΣգȴò뿪ܲһֱ뿪ɣǻеȥ
ǲƾᣬԴСӦ

ҹĻŨɽ˳ȥСĳȥ
𣡡
໣
ļʱʱĤЩ顣СĵںڰУȫ㼺Ϣͬһּ䴩
ˣ
ͻȻ𶯣·о
ͣһԶȥֻһͷԳһۼ׵״޶һǵĲѪˮɣܵľһ̮ʯһ飬ΪȻ
̲סһҺȻίʵЩ¡
ߡ
һ䣬Сˡ
ҹĻƬ֣ȴɺܻԾú챻һ˫ɫסˣһͷԼĹŹޣȻǺܾ޴󣬲ɢϢȴֲǰҲȥˡ
һ޾һȷ磬ֱ졣
գ
һǲӶݡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ٶȺܿ죬Ƭּ䴩󣬴һƿյ
Ȼ׷ͷޣٶȾҲǲ߼ľȻڿ
ͷһۣŲ䣬ȴ뻳УȡѾ׼õһƾᣬע󣬾ֱǹŹͶ˳ȥ
ﬣ
һʱ䣬̶Ľ쳹ʮɫĻ䡣
޷һͺ𣬶ʱ䣬һɿ󣬿ɢȥ֮ƾѪۣǴҰʧˡ
𣡡
޴ŭܵҵĻζ
ɿ⣬ŭһ
ǰˡ

һ룬ͻȻЩԼڽǰ׼˼ƾᣬĻЩ鷳ȻԼҲʱն֮Լʩչ֮ȵûʱֵԪӶݿǷǳ
ʣһƾᣬøСĲС
찵
һСĵĿ˿ܱߣȷûʲôΣպֶǲٳȥ

ԵһڵղȱͷңЩĵţؤûж
꣬졣
ǰˣ
֡
ʱһ罣ƾҲǱĵˣ֮Ϊ˶ļĿޣԼʯ̵ľУï֦ܵ䣬Ҫжҡ
ҪǣΪӣ˲ݡ


49 Ʒ
йһͨ丮ʯʱǱģŵ丮ִ¶£ΪҰˡ
Դˣ
߹ʯźӿЩٶȣɲԼ˿̵Ǳģٱ丮˿ǿʵڲһ¡Լһ֮صס֨ѽһƿţϦһ
磬ϦĵӭСĵս㲻˵ȥԶҪܳʱ𣿡
ţȥԶ
档
һߵ棬ֻɫ΢Բ԰ף˿ȴɴ˫ۡ
㡭
ָ죬һ˵ӡ
һá
Ц
첽ǰСĴ켸£϶ʱ¶ϲɫ
û£
ɡ
һѵΪԼˣ
һ룬ʱϦߣ״̬ҲЩһ겻ӣϦ˵ԼҪȥԶĵطܾãʱȻ
ٴ棬Щж
û¡ǸȻЩԵÿףлл㡣
ϵ
ʶõŮĶܺãϦҲܺá
˭Ҫлˣ
һţǸˣ
ЦЦ֪ԷʵڵԼȻ⡣Ϧ飬ʱȥһ׼ˮ
ɡ
ЦϦȻйأҪǣϦȷʵϲ
ãȻɡ
Ц
淭ۣʲô´죬ܿüͷ㱻ߺ󣬷ʲôʦʯҲȥҹ㣬ϧûҵ
೤Ϻʯȥҹң
Щ졣
ͷǰص丮һʱҵ࣬ΣգǡʯҲڣ˵ȥ룬ϧʵ̫ˣҪһ̫ѣһ춼ûн
⡭
춯ݣʯӸм
һ£ʵ֮󣬵׷ʲô
ʵЩȣǿǿߵĴڣߺ徳ȻŻˣ
޽ϵѨƺѾԱˣʱûңȻҳע⣬С˳ȥ֮󡭡
渵
ȴɱ޺޺ǲ⣬ʵ˵ȻƾȻҲǲ˵ġ
Աˣû㣿ûˣ
ۡ
ҲУ

Ĳĵͷ
ЩɣȴҲδϾ᣺ˣã˵һҲ㹻ˣȻĺᴩļ
ļ̾ŵĿɶǿĿޣ쾹ȻļȻ˻ʵЩȡ
ֻۿˣϵ˶ء
ߣ

˶٣ƺ뵽ʲôˣж㡣תߵһߣú󣬾ȡһ֮ǰĽҪȥǿ
ǣ
ͫ΢ƾĸ֪ܲһ㡣
ƷԪ

Ʒ
һ
ߵãеҩȻҲǿıСڱУҲвλ֣ͨͲ˵ˣ˵ȼıʱֳײ㣬ֱɱÿһײַΪƷ
Щ죺Ԫģ
丮

丮
һƺ뵽ʲô
ͷǰ⸮λһռٶö޺ˣһΪأĹЩǽе޺˶£ɼ⸮ڶԪǽ
ĹЩ
ǸжǾúЦ
нӹԪת½ֱƽռǿ˲١
Ʒͨиͣͬʱҡ

ͷȷʵдԼɵ
˵ȼıãʵǿ߱ߵսƷԼһɣƷɣƷܹɣ˱ɱǾࡣ
ŹԪ˼£ʱоһ˳֡
Ԫٴ棬첻ЩΣ޺˶£Լǡ
Ȼ֪˵ʲôһҲ⡣
ƷԼУϴʹõǱΪף

΢㶣漴ܿ
ԭƷ
ͷֲϴμʩչǱ㽣ʱһǿЩףԭƷƷ⣬Ͼĵӡ
룬ʵε⸮һǣ
ܺƣһռ޺İپʮһö޺ˣۺߡ

Ȼ
ͷ
ɫƽȴЦܺº󣬱ضն˴ˡ
ôˣ
Ź֣ʵ
ǰУܺƹⰵİϷ沢ףȻǺܺһʤҲֻ֪챾˲ܸо
ûʲô
ҡͷ
ŶһҲû̫⣬룬ˣ⸮һĽһƷ
Ʒ
΢
֮ǰУʵоܺƵʵȷʵǿԷƷսǸǿˡҲֻһͲˣƷΣһսѣûʲôˣԼøǿУ
ôˣ
ü
û
Цҡͷ
ɫڰú뿪ԼסȥЩΪˣһֱûʲôû˯ûԺãڼ찲Ȼ˶ʱֻſЩȥú˯һ
Ц뿪ʱϦǡ׼ˮ
ϴһһ·Ϣһʱ󴦡˿̣Ѿǳ֣תļԼľһԼȥʱļİ£ľ´ﵽ۷塣

³һоâһ
ӻȡһСƿƿװһߵ꣬ƬҶӡ
ǰݣҩ
οסƿľʱ䣬һŨķƮ˳΢΢һ£оë׶չ˿һȡݣл׽ʱ䣬ǻˡ
ľ׽Ƭ̺콫׽ȫİ븹С
赤һ°ݺ˸оһˬ·ﱻһȪظסˣֻһ˲ѣԼľ˲С׳󣬺ǿ
΢ֻǸոѣȻЧ
ǼֵʮҵҩȻһ㣡
찵
֮ģתļݵӿ뵽֮ڣอȫʼԪҲһע뵽Уʼеһ׶Ρ


50 껨
һ׶Σ࣬׶ҪԪעอ֮ڣнʽƫƫɲ֣ԣ׶ҲעԶǰ׶ҪʹĶࡣ

ڣ̲ͺ𣬶亹
תļԪʼһอ̱о׶ĵʹʹУ֮ʱҪǿʮȻ־ҲЩԳܣ˿̣о·ͱһƵģӻڲת
͸ˣ
찵
ʱݵ֭ҺתڣһɹȪɢ˺嫻ԭϵһһǹɾҵʹȻʱо̹ࡣ
˫һܼʹȻǺö
ļתٶȱø졣
ˣ
һȦȦɫ⻪͸ϣǳ֮۶ܣһҲӿûڡЩǳ첻һеԪǣอͣһࡣ
УݵøԻ˳˴อʹ࣬·Ǵ߻һ㣬ʹӿڵǳԪñƽջԾอٶȴʱҪ졣
һУоâ
ˣ
⽥ڶڣһʱֱʱֲͣչӣվ
ȭͷоԼΪʮĽѾﵽڣͬʱĺȣǿԪҲø
ǴЧ治һ㡣
찵
ΪҪɲ֣ĴܹʹߵԪӣͻǿͬʱԪٶȻ죬սҲӳ־á
룬ЩΣһҹﵽڣҪǹ鹦ڰݣݲǿ˴ЧһʹۣûаݣƾƣҲúķʱܴﵽڡ
뵽첻ԹԵҡͷ
࣬ίʵǺܼѣ
ˣ̻ƵĲûˣȥȡһЩһһĨ⣺⣬׼һˣơ
ƣӿٶȣƣʹ߶ԵΣʹñ˿ͬʱչƺʹߵøǽŲٶȻ֫巴ӦһԵ
ڼƣҲڴļʱ𣬵ʱ֣ǰǱȻ̻ƣҪĿȻҪȥһļҪ֮Ըҡ
ּҵһЩ֮ǰƭȥڸֽ϶ֽţӦǷլ˼ƺ֪Ľңȡּҵĵ͸ֲ
ңӻһͷģǵţ
Ц
ӭųһӾ丮뿪һϮɫǵĿʦᡣ
ǣλ
ŮСӭ
СƵȫ׷ƣԼʮߣɫף˵Ǳˡ
ҡ촫ЦˣԺֱӽҺ۾С
׷ƣͦкøС
ôԣֻͨỤ̊ǿʦ磡
׷ƻæ֡
£ЦЦʦҲˣˣֻŮֹ
׷΢㶣ֻŮֹ
Ļ׷Щ
ôˣ
ʵ
ûʲôûʲô׷ҡͷллĺ⣬ǲУ
ЩΣðɣǾ㡣
֪Щ˵뷨ȷʵѸı䡣
׷˿Ҹ곤ϵǸ곤ϸպóȥˣҪ浢鼸죬ԼŻ
𣿡΢΢죬漴ҡͷЦ¡
ʲô԰ﵽ𣿡
׷ʵ
ͷԱȡֽʣдһϣֱǻݣ˪ʯ׸ҶڤɰԳѪβۼףµӣѪֲУǰƵĲϣƵĲϡ
ƵĲϣױ򵽣ڼ˿ʦᣬÿ¿ȡһЩϣȻҪױȥȻѾ˲ңҲ͵ȥν˷ѣѵȻ
׷ƽӹ嵥һһܿ죬׷üͷ΢΢𣬿죬һֹı顣
ôˣ
ʵ
Ǹ׷ԵЩΣе嵥аֲ϶Ѹ㣬ǸµӱȽ⣬ֻܡֻԻһ
ŶԼҪٻ֣
ʵ
һݼƣҪķһµӣԼҪʮҡ
һµӣԼҪһٵ֡
׷Ƶ
һһһ٣
ǿʦᾭһЩЩĽʽ֣һңֽģʽЩͨߺδʦĿʦһֽǻ֣ģʽȻԼ˹Ŀʦͨߺδ빫ĿʦֻѡΪ빫Ŀʦѡҽǻۻ
ǰɨһ۹ǽŵһֻۻʮҵĻ֣µһξ͵úķһٻ֣Ҳ˵ٵοʦᷢ񣬲ܶһһεµӡ
̫ˣ
а
Ĭ׷գգۣСǸǰ곤˵µ¹Ũĵطĳһʱ۳Һ壬벻ЧԲŻǳ󡣡
¹۶ɣ
΢
ֻǴԺеõҪõĲƣɶµӵȴǲ֪˿׷ôһ˵Щ죬¹⾹Ȼ۳Һ壿
СҲ곤ô˵ġ
׷Щ˼
ҲûֻǱЩ
ʮµӣһǧ֣ô˵ҵʮС

ʮ·ܷܰ
Ǹ׷Ƴ˳ĺָۣŶ񷢲֮ǰһ߼񣬻ֽǰ˰ٵ㡣
ʲô
һ
˳׷Ƶָȥ쿴һúɫĿ׫дǰڰɭֻȡһ껨Ͻᡣ
껨
΢ɡ
ڰɭ֪ģڷߣһӿµ԰껨ȴЩãȻˡ
Сƣ֪껨𣿡
׷ơ
׷Ƶͷ֪ģرĽܡ
˵ţ׷ƴӹ̨ȡһֽݸ졣
ӹֽй껨Ľܣ껨磬ͨīȴһѪĺ졣Ŀƣ쿴һС֣껨ں֮أо綾ߴҲժʱмСģ


51 Ͼ
첢ûж;Ҫµƣôһܹһ˵µӣһʡȥܶ鷳ʱӣ֮񱻱ɣ͵ȥʮͨˡ
µӣǮҲ򲻵
ˣ
׷ʴ

ͷ
׷ƴӹ̨ȡһύ죬йغڰɭֵһЩܺ޽ܣϣá˶٣׷ֵ֮ǰһʦҲӹˣöһЩ
ɻ󣺡˽ӹˣô
ΪĿ٣ԣһ㲢ƽʹ֮ڹյ㹻ĸĿ󣬾ͻĨȥ׷ƽͣڣ껨ֻҪһˡ
üֻҪһˣ
ȷʵҪӿ춯С
˵ͷ콫׷Ƶݹľ
лǣˡ
׷Ƶ
׷һ𾴣͵ǰߣף˳ȡ껨
ͷ˳ȥ
ص丮ʰһЩ漴ҵ棬ԼҪȥ鼸գ鷳⼸ռϦȻ뿪£ҲϦ˵ˡ
һ죬丮뿪źڰɭȥ
ڰɭλڷߣһƬΣյ԰Ӿ丮뿪ĸʱڰɭֱԵȥڰɭֹޱߣеľǴ׳ǲԾ
գȣڰɭֺ콫£һɫʱоˬ˺ܶࡣǺڰɭ֣طĪҺʲôҳǳԱ˳ŵĲ
˿̣ڰɭΧŲӰߺһźܵĹߡ
һ˶󣡡
˺
ڰɭһƬ۱أвĲҩʴˣÿռ䴳ڰɭֵ˶١Ҫ֪ڰɭޱ鲼޵ƤëѪⶼǮܲժһҩģǸ֮
ȻΪޱ鲼ԺڰɭֺΣգ˶ںڰɭ֮ɶ飬һսһҲϮˣȻҲͶ˼ֱϡ
һɨֺڰɭ⼸ЩˣЩ˵Ϊձ鶼صҡԴˣ첢⣬˵һûйǰ£ֻеأЩˣ˭֪ʱǷ丮ҲпǴӵ۹ﱻˢⶼ
Ҫǣȥ롣
ֽϵĽܣ껨ӦھڰɭֱԵǧԶλã޾Ӷࡣ
찵
ûܵˣԹڰɭУǰȥһڰɭ֣ʱоһɲ֮⣬һɪĸоңƬֵĿУΪŨŵѪζ
Ȼڰɭˡ
챳ŹԪһּ䣬ƽȴСġ
ܿ죬˺ڰɭְԶ
ʱһһͷűâĴߴ˳
˫΢Уһޣߡ
ڿʦʱ׷Ƹһᣬкڰɭ󲿷޵Ľܣʱ·ϣѾԵһ飬Ȼ֪ǰͷ޵֡
̧֣һ˹ȥ
ɫӴ󣬿ΪһޣֻܿǿߣصĶֱ֣ӱһĵҡҡͷ콫ߵ޺ȡҲʬ壬뿪
úѾڰɭǧԶУǰϮɱȻЩޣԣʲô
ǧҡ

ʱԶһҵĽһԾһĴ׳֦ϣԴȥֻǸһ޴ľǰվһͷԼޣ糤Ҫǣ˫


ޣԿǿߡ
˿ֻ̣ǱҺĿⶢ·һڿƺڶʲôһ㡣΢΢ͷŷ֣ǰһСŮСŮʮһңһɪɪ
һſڣǳСŮ˺ҧȥ

룬һͺ£ԪʣһϬĽâʱն˳ȥֱֱĸ
һҽУźˣȻء
ֻ˲ѣվ
Ͼޣǿûôױɱ
ߣ
Ϊ벻̫Զֻһ۾ǰгٴ¡һΣеĹԪֱӹͷ­˶Է
أСŮǰ
СŮֻմȾŲЩ֣΢΢üǺڰɭ֣һСŮôյҲܽôСŮһɣ
СŮҲڴ죬ȴԵúܾн
Сãô
ĬƬ̣ջȿڡ
СŮڷ٣Ѿ䣬죬ãȻҡҡͷ
ʶ˴
ʵ
ϧСŮҡͷ
˼⣬СŮһãȻı飬ҪôҡͷҪôͶ쿴ϳ˰㡣
ǡʲô֣ܼǵðɡ
СŮ죬۾գգȻЩãȻȴƺ뵽ʲôſڣκŷϡϾ顣
һСŮ֪Լ֡
Ͼ顣
֣ͦ
ЩˣСŮ֪Լ⣬֪Լļ֪Լ˭֮ʲô֪
룬̾˿СϣʱŴ磬ô
СŮϦ󣬼ȻˣȻܷβܡ
һСŮԴںڰɭУͺʱпܱʳ
ţ
СŮͷԵЩġ
У߰ɡ
СŮĵСŮϵĳźڰɭȥ
ڰɭڵĿռԵЩ谵ֵͦУúоһҵԪǰ߳ȥʮԶȥֻԶʮںΧһͷޣͨ棬ͷ­
˫ͷ׻
΢
˫ͷ׻۷ޣԿǿˡ
ɨΧ˫ͷ׻ʮӰ췢Щеǿߴ죬ʵɱ˫ͷ׻ʵЩǿĿ΢ƣս⻹һߣؿھſʦ£һܡ
һ׿ʦ

ǰ˫ͷ׻潻֯ʮӰжʱ˱ûĲҽУƬ̼ͱճһؽ̿
СŮ½ǣƺŵˡ
û¡
Ц
ûЩˣתźڰɭȥ
дԼɾܴﵽ껨֮ˡ
ǱߵСӣæ
ʱһ߳ȵ


52 
첻ˬæܾȴһ߸ϵСŮ·ûκͷҲصĳźڰɭָȥ
뿪߶ʱɫһǿʦ磬֪жԸύڣһ߶ѣȻĻ
𣡡
׻漴˲ҽ
ɱ󣡡
ŭ⡣
ȴ˿ûͣ½Ų뷨ܿ߳ȥʮԶ
ڰɭֿǣԼһʱ󣬿Щ
Сϣ𣿡
ʵ
䡣
СŮҡҡͷգգƯĴ۾
ͷǰȥ
ģø䣬ֹȥһʱǰһСϿȣһɫ˳ڤĹһ㡣
Ӧþˡ

ֽϸĽܣ껨֮
վڹ⣬΢ɨܣȷûʲôΣϢСṲ̊ϿС
һϿȣʱ̲ס˸ڵĿӱ䡣
Сϣ𣿡
СŮ
СŮգգۣ䡣
СŮ찵ҡҡͷֻСŮЩнϾϿڵĿȷʵܱո̤Уоһ⡣
䣬Ҫ̺͸署֪𡣡
Ц
ţ
СŮͷ
첻ɵЦǸɵĺӣϦֱһģһ
Ͽڣռӻ谵ԵúСģСŮŲƶĺʦȻ˰ٵĻ֣ôȻѶȣΣϵҲͣԣһбҪ
һӹȥͣ½Ų
ǰһɫʯڣʯǸ޵Ŀݹǣȴûǰ·
껨ӰӶû
֡
ü
ֽϵĽܣ껨ȷʵⷽϿڡ
ѵ

ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲתֻоŵӰҰУΪ׵Ǽߣ˴죬˴죬һǹһϮɫۡ
֮ǰ˫ͷ׻սȺˣ϶մȾѪȻ׻Ⱥʧأ֮ǰʮˣ˿ȴֻʣ˾Ÿ
ۣѵǡ
һڿʦʱ׷Ƹһʦ֮ǰҲ껨񣬴˿̣ƬϿȣҲ˽Ȼǵɺϣ߶ȻҲΪ껨
Ȼ죬ɫʱ䡣
㣡죬ϷæΪβӦ
Ƿʲô𣿡
ʵ
ɫһһСʿô˵
ѵ
߳Աһ˵
˴أӵߵָʾһƽĳȥСӣңҲǮ£Ҫֻ³ʹˣ³ʹ˿һ׿ʦһëͷСܹ𡣡
ȻҲ㣬ԣҲҡ
쵭Į
ԣɫһ
ſ񣡡
ߣȻ컰е˼ֱֳ̧ץȥһʮ߶ѣ⡣
ޱ飬һƫͷ˵Ĵ֣һ丹ϡ
һ˵ɳȥԶŶڵϲҽУˡ
⡭
ôô
棬һ˽Աɫ
һ߷ǿߣʵɾԲװЩУȻǿҲüͷ΢ߵɫѿ˼֣ЩǮӶģ˱ɣڴ
һƫͷߡ
³Ͷ԰ɡ
ɫ䵭ֱ˹ȥ
³ǰһĻʲô
ûǵ¡
쵭Į
ȥ˭˭ȻҲη˭³ܲˬԣҪöԷӲˬ
ˣҪ̫ɲʲô¡

ޱ飬ٶ˵ʲôֻǵĮıǰȥ
һ˲䣬Ųһ٣̧ͷԶֻǸطѪâ

ٺˣصСŮߡ
䱸ĶǰӦһɼΪǿոտⷽϿʱоġնɱͷҲˡ

ͻȻҽ
߷ɵǸԱߣͻȻһ޳֣һҧĺ
޻ë޼ϵϢȴԵЩ¡
ڤԳ
˾
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
һƿ֮𣬾ʱƬϿڣԼʮ˫Ѫɫ΢Ĺ⣬췢֣ʱ·ͻȻʮֻڤԳ֪ʲôʱѾһ˸סˡ
ڤԳٶ죬ǿޣˣ
ɫ䡣
ǰѾû·ʱ·ֻһɴ˿̣·ȴǱʮͷ޸ˣķǳ⣬ǾҲΪ
ʱһ
³뻳ȡһĩһʱ䣬ĩ£ڵϳֳһԲΣǰʮͷڤԳ֮䡣ʱ䣬ʮͷڤԳͣŵϵİɫĩԵЩɵ
ۣļµ޶ã
˾ϲ
ɫȴǲÿܹ֧ŵʱ䲢ãֻάְʱû·ȰʱһǻҪ
껰δ˵꣬˶˼ɫʱòҰ
ʲô³ߣڤԳжݣȴƫϲĿԱߵСŮϣȻСȴҲǴ֮ץȥڤԳעǳû
ԣ˶ʱǰһˢˢĶСŮ
ôĿⶢţСŮһ£æ㵽
һɱɢһ̣ޱȱ䣬ӵ߳㣬̵Ķߣ
³ͱһ£ɫʱһȡȫкβףοһпֻǱȥԪˡ
ԣ˽Եͷ
³˵Ĳˣһ˵˵ȣأӦú
ˣʱҪȡᡣ
СŮ
˽졣
УʼȥȻҪǿ
⼸ˣޱ飬ȴȪ
Сϣ˺һЩ

СŮЩ£ɿ½ǣСĵĺ˺ü
̧֣סں󱳵ĹԪӽаγ
ʱ䣬һɢһɿҰ쫷磬ɨ˷וּһһ𣬴̶ХصǸ˶ʱ˵罣ɨУһѪУ׹Ⱥ


53 ֻҧ㼸
ӲΪԼʲô˴Ƽңǰ⼸ŭˣ޲£ʵЩôܹĳôܹڣҪǣһԴǣ·ĳһ㣡
וּһХٴε
żˣɫ纮˪
棬˽Աɫ
㡭ɱ
³ŭ
ǴŭͬʱҲЩľ˾Ȼһն˸ǿߡ
ɫĮһǰ
ԲȴˣɱΡ
ģ
ţ
ɱ
һŭȡ
һص׳Ӷһ쫷硣

׳
̧֣ӳһ׳еӦϡ
׳ʱɫ䣬죬һʮޱȼӲѾҪȵƷˣڣȴȻô׾ͱնˣ
㡭
׳Ȼ̲סһ
ʱһ֮
ۣ
ѪƮ׳һأ˫۵ɵĹԲĿ
һĻ˲סˡ
⡭
ͷأ
ôܣ
Ǳǡѵѵ
˶ݡ
һնһնɱص׳ʵֲ̫ˣǱһĽôܻô
ڱʣµļˣɫԱúܼɵ
һϣôˣŴ򲻹
ԣһϣ
ɱ
ȴ³⣬˳
ˣֿȭеԹΪ
䣡
һأأƻЩµģһʱƬռɳίʵЩ¡
ޱ飬һΣֱȺ
˶־ŭ
ôĵӣ
Ū
˺ȵ
һʱ䣬˵ĹƸӿ£⽣ӰȭâȾܲ͸硣
ܺã
󷽣³ĵͷ
˵İΧȦУޱ飬ͬӰһ㣬ңռںһ𣬿衣
ʲô
С̫ˣ
ɶ񣡡
˺ܿŭ쾡ǵİΧȦУǵȭŵȴô·ԼǱϷˣĺһ㡣
ﬣ
Х΢Ѫ⽦䡣
еĹԪһǿߵؿڣԷҽжδһ˵ϣ΢΢鴤˼£û˶

˴С
Ȼôһ˲䣬һӰǰ
㡭
飡
âһֻ˶Ļȭ֣ݺݻ˵ĺ
һҽк˵ڵϣ飬
㡭
ôܣ
һɱתۼͱնˣʣµȫɫ
󷽣³ʹŭһȺôˣëͷСӶʤ
쵭Įɨ˹ȥ
Ų΢ʱˣ³ȥ
Сӣ
³ͺȳ⡣
ֻ³뻳ȡᣬּ䣬Ƭ˸ӴԪɢ
³ʹ˵ƾᣬ˵ǿߵ似֮У
ղɱ׻Ҳǿ³ʹ˵似ᣡ
Ŀ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ֹסŲ䵭̧֣һȻת
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
³ǰƾϵİƻ̻һ㡣
һĻʱ³ɫ䡣
ô£
³ŭ
ͬһʱ䣬𾪡
³ʹ˵ƣôᡭ
⣬ס׷ʲô
˶סˡ
ƣȻʧЧ
ɫ䣬һ³ǰ
㡭
飡
һ𣬺ݺ³ؿڣֱӽ³ߵڵء
וּһԪХ³üϿա
㡭Ҫ
飡
̧ѹ³ؿڵȣٴκݺ¡
һͷѵ

³ͲҽУʱ³һѪ
츩³ͣһƬǰâ²
㡭㲻ҪؿڵĿʦ֪ˣҿǿʦڹĿʦ³Ͷ죬ɫĵҪɱңʦŹ㣬⵽׷ɱ硭
³͵Ļδ˵꣬ؿڵѹʱֲҽ
ʦ¡³ͣӻȡǰĿʦȼ£Į³ͣ˵ģֶ
е£³ͻȻɫ
ɫұ䣬ͬʲôµ°㡣
⡭
ʦ־磬·ɫĺܣ
׿ʦ
ꡭǶ׿ʦ
ôܣ
Ȼ
ܣʮңǿʦⶫǴ͵ģ³Ͷ죬ɫ䣺ѵѵɱĶ׿ʦ˶ԷĿʦȼ£ôĵӣ
̧ȣһ¡

³ͲҽУѪӺؿڶѪˮȾˡ
ĮǸղƱϵˣ
ԣ³ɫٱ䡣
㡭ѵ㡭
ԣġ
䵭΢̧ӿ֣˸ǿʦʵˮ׼ѾﵽײΣ֮ǰ³͵ƣձϡ
оɢǿ³¶ޱȾֵɫһ£³ûκɻǰ꾹ǿʦһһǿĿʦ
Сֵܣ󡭡ˡ죬³ɫ־壺³۲ʶ̩ɽͬΪʦķϣĹ³Ͱɣ
һ׿ʦ³Ϳ־塣
ͬΪʦ³ؿڴҽٴͬΪʦҵĳ衣

³ͲҽУ
𡭡ɱҡ
죬³֮ɫ
ɫ䣬һĨ֮⣺ãҲɱ㡣
Ȼ³ؿƿ
³ɫһϲҪл
ʱ̧ȣݺһ³ֱ࣬³߳۸ǵķΧռ䣺ɱ
ڶߺХ³͵ɫʱһƬס
棬ʮͷڤԳ

ڿУ³ͷֵĴС
һڣ³ˤڵϡ
ңң
³ʹУų۸ǵĿռȥ
ﬣ
һն³ǰŵ³æӡ
վ۸ŵĿռǲп֮ɫʲô㲻һ˵ֻҧ㼸ھˡ
⻰³Ȼһ仰Ϥ֮ǰʹץСŮʱ˵Ļķ档
ˣ
𶯣ʮ۶
ʮͷڤԳɵۣҿǰڣ³ͱʱ䣬еڤԳԳ³Ϳ£תۼͽ³Χ
һĻŵ³͸εѡ
ңҰ
³ʹС
ɫȻпĶǰ
ڤԳ³͵ҽлصƬռУͬڱХû˸ͷƤ顣


54 ļ鿲Ы
ҵĽص󣬺ܿͼžȥڻ˿־У³ͱʮͷڤԳ˺ѣʳѪˮضǡ
ôãǲֻҧ㼸ھˡ
쵭Į
תɨˡ
ӭĿ⣬һ

˲ȫ
һ̣ɫ֣̿ӶˡһʮĿʦΪǺεţôǵ
վ
쵭Į
Ԫ𣬽Х̶ֱ׼ˡ
ˣҵ飡Ͱǵһƨ˰ɣ
ǲ
˿־塣
ޱ飬˱ȥûԸǣ
ĺˣֲ
㡭㵱ҪɱǣͲʴһ㣿

ʴȣ̣ʲô
ڿҪСŮȡԼˣ˿̾Ȼʴһ㣬оЦЦ
㡭
ɫѿǿ־壬ࡣ
ɱǣҲù
һͻȻ
ವһ˾ǳȥʯԵСŮ
ɫ䣬΢΢һΣǲʩչޣͬһ㣬תۼСŮǰйԪƿն¡
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬˵ͷ­ֱ˳ȥ
ն˺ͷСŮֻСŮʯڵһǣɪɪд˺µı顣
Сϣ£ǶǻˣӦܵͷ
찲ο
ϧСŮȻ£ûкת١
̾˿ҲһʮһСŮ˵ȻȷʵЩпᡣ
ƫͷˣɫ䡣
£ܵܵͷ
Į
һǰȥ⴦â£ˡ
ǱˣȫɢƸסˣŴ˿̵죬˸о֮ǰ˫ͷ׻Ҫ־塣
Ҫ
һ˴УгֱĶ죬˫ֲͣڷ
ޱ飬ơ
ǲô
Į
ݵһһ۹Ԫбն¡

նϣ׹ڵء
ɫĮȺɨһؿڣӿ˴ѪͬʱǺɶֱӹ۵ĸǷΧ
ʮͷڤԳѪ죬˹ȥ

Ĳҽдͬ³һҲڤԳȺʳĸɸɾ
Ŀ⵭ĮĻꡣ
ŵŵŵĺˣɫһƬףħħ
˵Ĳħ
쵭Į
гһ֮նʮ˷һ£۵Ĺڡ
Ȼɨһۼʬ壬̧ͷ֮⡣
ˡ

죬ڤԳȻ£η壬ΨһѹǣʮͷڤԳսѶȺܴ
һƶŲȥ
ʧЧʣһӵʱ䣬һڣۿԴСŮȫһڽеڤԳ֮鷳
ŲƽԪ𶯣ɢ
ͣ
ʱһ
æͣ½Ųƫͷȥ漴ͫ׶ʱһֻǶסǰ·ʯ£һ滨ƿݹ˳⻨ԼһͨīǻȴֳһѪ죬·ǱѪˮȾİ㡣
껨
΢
ƶŲһʯ֮¡
Сϣһ㡣
СŮ
껨о綾˿̣СŮ껨ܽСŮΣա
СŮЩ£δ֮ǰĲпửнųȴŲ󣬽ץ½ǡ

Ц
ƫͷһٴӻȡһСӣԹԪͬ껨µһ𣬽֮װСܷ
ϵĺ飬СС
껨о綾ǿߴҲʴˣھĹȻֻʮȴǱ񾭣ѹ£Ȼ
֣վСŮҲ
Сϣȴȥͨ·Ȼһ뿪

СŮЩµĵͷšš
쵭ЦڤԳȥ
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬ϿȶڰѪͫǰ
ֻ֮ɲǼѣڤԳҽУѪ۵һը
ǰͫ׶ʱ΢΢
ڰУϿǰһͷɵӴޣڵһ޴ãֻȣ޴βĩǴһļ̡
ļ鿲Ы
ɫ
ļޣ
ѵǱ껨΢գ֪ûô򵥡
𣡡
ڤԳļޣڤԳԵúЩȴܺöӣ׿ĳ鿲ЫɱȥƺҪΪͬ鱨һ㡣
ˣСŮߣпټֻļµã鿲ЫȻڴУһڤԳȫ鿲ЫͻʱΣӣھԲļ޵Ķ֡
ҳȥ
춢ǰܿҡҡͷһˣǲǿߣôСŮһٶȻԳ岻ȥ
ƫͷʯڡ
ⷽʯںǰԼʮɸߣǰ·ҪǣʯںܶͣҪܼѡ
һİɡ

һ䣬СŮ˹Сϣ米
Ŷ
СŮſ챳ϣ˫ֻĲӡ
ʶͷ佫СŮεİԼ󱳡
ˡаһˣֱ˳ʯԶͣ½ŲСŮСϣ۾粻ڣ
СŮ£ʵ۾סĲӡ

ǰʯڣ쳤³һ
һ̣һĨâһͬһ֧ҵļ㣬ɾգۼţ֮ͽʯϣʯڶȥ
ˣ
âԪӿǲʩչޡ
꣡
꣡
꣡
ɳµĽÿһʯڽӴϳͻǿһ˿ʯʮɸߵλʱŲЩٿȥˡ
֮
һתնȥ
һ֮նǽž罣չķȻϳ壬ǴСŮʯڶ
ʯµϿȣ첻ɵ˿
΢΢ƫͷʯһˣҲһƬ֡
ˣ
ʯںѣ˿Ҫһȥȴܼ򵥣ΪʯһŲٸߴ׳֮ơ
ûԥһԾֱ¡
ʮƽʯһ˵ĵϡ
ˣ
ʱ𣬿ռ䶼һ¡
̧ͷɫʱѿ鿲ЫȻҲʯڶѪ˫ͫĶ


55 ŹֵŮ
һ첻κԥٱչǲԶȥ
ʵû뵽鿲ЫȻϿȵһ׷һߣֱƶᡣ
һʯϣ鿲Ыֱ¡
飡
鿲Ыڵϣ涼ҡ·˵һ㣬£ѹ鲻
ܿ죬ٴζݣ鿲ЫӴٶȾȻҲѾǲʩչޣ߼ľȴڲ
֮
ҧ־һ
֮ڶܼĽӰ鿲ЫȥͷҲصԶȥ
һֻΪ鿲Ыľ롣
Ҹط
а
ٳǰȥߵľǷɿˡ
ͻȻһֻɫצӴԱ̽צϲëһͷеޣ

̧֣һնǰ
һҽ𣬺̽צӱն
˵鿲Ыİֻƶķɿ죬ڵһɳ
쳯ɨһۣһԾǰһţ鿲Ы
Һݺ鿲Ы
𣡡
鿲Ыŭǰ¶Уݺݹڡ
ʱѾֳȥԶ
ɫڰɭԵøӻ谵ˡ
磬𣿡
СŮĵ
СϹԣٵȻ

ڻûΣܸо鿲ЫϢڿ
ɨӣ쿴Զһߴɽ塣
ж֮ء
찵롣
ٶȱø죬ŵе
ɳ
ɳ
ɳ
Աߵ𣬶ʱо
һԶܣһ߾עܡ
ԼʮһɹĿҲ߲Զһֻ޴ܼɵһĺ
ļޣò򼣡
һ
©ƫҹ꣬ھָо
ò򼷢һ˻һһ㳯ƶ
ȭ
һȭӳʮ˵ȭӰ
Ȼ˿ûȹܶļ޲ʲô˺һжֻΪ˸ɹȡʱѡ
ȭ֮ڱòҰǿٳǰ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ٶȺܿ죬ּ䲻ϴͬڰеһӰ
ܿ죬챯ʱڣۼԽԽ࣬ҶЩļޣнʮͷҡ
껨ʲô찵գˣƵ;ĩ·ʱֻ֮ܽˡ
껨ҪҪ
ʱһһţģоЩ֧ˡ
硭
СŮ΢ĴϢСĻ
û£ܿˡ
찲ο
ô˵˿̵ȴǺܳأ˵ϴߵһһ۶ϣͬھһɳ㡣
ɫѾװ֪ʲôʱһԲ¹˲ϡ
ɫⳡЩ䰡
п
ٶȺܿ죬ʮһ׷Щ໥Щִͱ׷ˡ
ܳȥԶҧҧСĽȡ
ȥƬҶһԡ
찵
ͣıܽһʱʱʱն֮޵ľ룬ټ֮ǰ³͵˵սһЩԪ˿̣ѾҪˡССԹԪնһ껨ҶӣԽ罫֮
ɫҶƮʱ䣬޽Զݡ
𣡡
໣
ʮļޣȻһǺҶȥ
˫һɣ껨ʲôЩִš
ݺҡҡͷٶȸЩ
Ϊһغɫ껨Ҷӣʮ޿ʼǶݵ졣콫СպãŲһΣҧسǰɽȥ
ԼһӺɽǰ
ɽԶһɽڲ̫һ޺ѷ֡촭ϢѵĿɽУ֧Ųסһƨϡ
Сϣˡ
˵⿪䣬СŮ
СŮۣɫ԰ףʱ¶ӯӯı飬ߣץ½ǽĵôˣ
û£Щۡ
Ц
ЦȻǿɽ⣬оԼҰʼģָоһڿʦʱ޼ĵ̫ˡԴˣ⣬ʮͷļ޵׷ɱܻѾ漣ĵأҲˡ
СϣҪܣʹ
ǿ
ƤԽԽأʵЩ֧Ųסˣ˯˹ȥ
磿磿磡
СŮʹ졣
ûжСŮʱòУΪǷʲô£ứľӣСŮԴؿڣֱо󣬲һ
ʮһСŮȻ¶֪һЩ򵥵Ķǻġ
ᣬСŮſؿڣܹɣҲܰ
˿ܣСŮɽ֮⣬Ѥõҹա
Ư
СŮֹ
Բɢ䣬Ϊضһԡ
ɫ¹⣬սɽ
Բ£СŮ۾ܴĺרעģСŮƯͫЩ仯΢΢˼֡
ֹȥСŮıǱˡ
òǸӡ
Ավ𣬺ڷ٣䣬ҹƮ衣һ̣СŮã壬Ҳٴǻ˳Ⱥ䡣
ÿһ죬鷳
СŮ
ɳ
ɳ
ɳ
ɽ⣬һ˶ͷ­ֱ֣Ŷڡ
ԽԽѪ̰Ͳ̡
׷ޣݵͣ٣˿̾׷鿲Ыò򼣬лдﵽ弶
弶ţŶƶ
ͫ䣬а֮⣬ĶŻ˯е졣
ͬס㣬쿿

ʱһ
СŮƫͷһƬĮɨͶһޡ
̽붴е弶͵һ߿Ѫеɷţգۼû˶ͬʱɽ⣬޽Բһ˫˫Ѫн¶֮ɫɲǼ䣬ˣգ۾ûټ
ֻʣһ弶޵ʬ塣
СŮͷĿϣؿڴһƣӣȡ˹
丮졭СŮǲĹ¶һֵֺЦ˼
ƷŻؿڣСץסĺ죬΢һʧڶڡ
һ̣ڰɭ⣬СŮ³֡
£СŮһʱһȦܿ찵ȥ˯е죬СŮӣؿڣһ΢ɾĹâ֣ûڡ
ˡ
СŮ
Ȼ࣬ͨʮһŮûжȴôЩŹ֡
죬һ΢СŮϢʧԭء


56 
ʱѾ£΢΢Щۡ
վܣ췢Լںڰɭ֮⡣
ô£
΢
֮ǰ߽һɽôȴ˺ڰɭ⣿
ˣСϡСϣ
ɨӡ
һɫʱһܽǴߵݣӰ
Сϣ
󺰡
ѭܣ˴ԼʱϧȴûҵСŮټ
ʲô
üͷ
һ£ʵ̫Źˡ
ȫһ٣üͷĸ֮һʱȥһκڰɭ֣ȴ޹ǲò
ˡ
ͷźڰɭ֣κ컻Ϻۣת뿪
ڰɭ־ǺԶصʱѾʱ֡
źʦᣬ콫껨Сĵȡ׷ƣ׷һȣֻʱѣ쾹ȻʹӺڰɭִ껨ʵ׷ľҪ֪֮ǰҲ졣
û˰ɣ
׷ʵ
Ȼ׷õƣΪϴεĻԵһЩ
û£ǹЩ۶ѡ
Ц
ǾͺãǾͺã
׷˿֮ǰ˲ء
껨ȱʧٽҶӣӰʲôҪĻǻꡣ׷СĽ껨漴¼Ŀʦ֣һ˰ٻֱ֣ӶһǸµ𣿡
ȫһµӡ
ͷ
õģԵȡ
׷Ժúȡ˸СƿʢЩɫŨҺ塣
л
ӹС뻳С
δ׷ƴ˸к漴뿪
úص丮ס϶
Ժڰɭ췢ԼľѾȫָЩ˲ûϢ
ơ
˫ֱۣӿʼ򼲷ơ
ƣƺ;ƶԶҪһЩķҹʱ䣬ڽ͸ڳʼᣬʦֳɵģЩԣֻҪīٽп̻С
ֹȥһ죬һɹ

³һϵĺˮ
ȾƣŰ磬̻ѶȻͣһǼѡѾ˷Ŀ飬ǰֻǺķʱ˵һƵ

һɣ쿪ʼеڶ
ȵһڶȻҪ򵥵Ķ࣬Ͼʵʵľ顣
һµӺķȫ̻˷ơ
ã
ǰһ
ҹĻոչȥ¶ӭųɣָ
ҡ
丮⣬ǹһĨЦ
ƿ̻ɣҹĻٴνٺȥȡһЩˡ
ʱͻȻһֱӴļ䣺½丮ӣʱڵ䳡ϡ
΢ƻƴã
䳡
˶٣תصס΢΢ϴһ󣬳丮䳡ȥ
丮ӵҲ˵Ǿ丮һȻǵǴдȻȥΥ档
Ӻ䳡
䳡죬ֻһ˱˫Ƿ̨ϣ΢
ǡ
ͷ
죬¶֮ɫڰھ˵ĺ磬ƽռڷܣڷܵˣһ˶ϲ죬Цʲô֣
졣
𾴵
һ죿츳һǸţ
һǰ丮ˣ˲ֳΪ丮ʦ츳Ⱦĳ֣Ȼ丮˽֪
ǫǰˣŶ֣ʵڲҵ
̬ȣ˸⡣
ţкܶϲǫѷŸ˾׽
ǫ飬Ŷ֣㵱𣡡ˬʵҽХʱѵԺʲô⣬ʱҡ
лǰ
л
ܿ죬ʱȥһ½ȺƬ䳡˵ЩңȻڵ󣬲˶˯ЩˣХҡͷ첻Ӿ˳Щ
ڸվã
Хȵ
Ԫӿڶһʱ
һ
Ԫʯ˲٣Ҳ㹻ǿˣء
Хɨˣֱ˸оѹʱٴοڡ
䳡丮似ĳЩԾڵأ䳡һߣ丮֮أ֮طΪĥԪˣҪȥһڣĥ

˵ţХת䳡һȥ
丮䳡ǳ޴һһ޴ĿտشһʯţʯϸԿ֣һΪܣΪԪ˼Եúܼ򵥣ʯźΪĥԪʯźΪԪ
ǰХʯǰ丮ִµͷʱִһ֣ʯŴ򿪡

Х˽ȥ
һڵȺʯڣʼһУʱЩ죬ʯźĿռƺЩͬԵЩѹ֡
Хˣȵĥʵǣпӡһ޴󷨣ΪνЧֻһǾȻ籾ڵǿÿռأкʹȣжԵøѡ
ܹ־ԲΪ׼ԽǿģԽأֱǣı屶߱˱űʮ
丮ѾܾãõĻڣ丮едǿʦӡ£ңǷǳǿĿʦ
ХˣŵڿڣԽǴڸ߱ǵĥԽǿһ룬ж»صͨǻһֺεȸоĸʶͻͽɣ

Х䣬ֳʱһȻ
Ҳ丮Դ֮һ̫ˣ
Ҫһ꣬ǸõñĶǿ
̫ˬˣ
Ӽѡ
Щˣ춼ɵǰһǾ丮Դ磬ԼɾѰ
һڵӸȸԾХһȲҪŸˣЧȷʵеĹȴޱȼʹݣһ˼ֲ˶ãңҲֻ屶ǿж
˶٣Хֵ⣬ֻǴʶһ£֮ÿܹʱ᲻ͬβͬǽǲǰ⸮λȡõĳɼ֣ԽǿǰߣÿܹеʱԽ֮ԽǿߣʱȻԽ١


57 
ƿĴ󷨣תҪķѼټ丮ڶ࣬ʴˣÿÿܹõĽʱȻޣԣ⸮Ҳ˳ʱ䡣
⸮λʱĶӦձԼ
Хÿһ
ɨһ£⸮һʮ֮ĵӣÿܹڿԪۻʱһʮһһһ졣һٵʮһ졣ʮʮһ졣ʮģ졣
ǰʱǸ
ۻ졣
ڶۻ졣
һۻʮ졣
⸮ڶҲ˵һʮʱһߵԪ
찵
뵽첻ЩмѾͷ޺˶鼯Լ£ŵ⸮ڶȴ
ˣ˷ֳ飬˳롣
Хȵ
޺ΪԴתÿͬʱɶʮˣ丮½һһˣֳȻǺʡܿ죬һˣԷֺãվУֱӶʮһˣӶʮˡ
ǰĴһӽԼѡ
Хˣٴκȵȥ֮ǰһ䣬ΪֻڶмɲҪ߹ԼȥԽԼļȥս󣬿ܻΣ
ʦֻѣټѣҲΣаɣ
Сʵ
ԣӶХڡ
ХһҪ̫棡һ룬ڵǶ屶ȥӴѹԶȵǸʱǳ˵ô죿˶٣Хˣ䵭棬ͳУʮ丮ӣ
Ӷʱɫ
⡭
ôᡭ
Ȼˡ
Щɫ΢ס
ýšХڰ֣Щˣ̫߹Լǿп˳ԽԼܼ޵ڣűֻҪǶԼи׼ȷĶλäĿԴǾԲᷢ¡
Хôһ˵ڵӲڷЩ
̧ͷǰĴ󣬵Щڴ
ãڿʼһӣȥֻǴʶһ£ÿеʱΪһʱХһΣֻڶ
ǣʦ
ڵӦ
Хͷŵһ죬Ц죬յļϣһرĽһμʶ˵ţХһӣǿ
ڵ໥ӣҡҡͷȷʵûʸ񷴶ԡ
վڵһУХ΢΢ллǰ
޷ڷܵȻӦõõ͡Хҡͷֵ֣һӦ̣һνȥһҲͼһʱעʱ䣬Ҫܲʱ̳Իָٽȥ
лǰѣסˡ

Хͷˣˣһӣȥ
˵ţХÿӡ

һʱ䣬ڵӻȻǰĴС
ڵһȻҲڵһʱ˽ȥ
ʼһУʱ䣬оԼһһѹֵĸоУÿһ䣬һ졣̧һ־࣬·˫ȱעˮ㣬ʹд
Ƕ
΢
˿̣оԼһɰѹԭأܵĲС

ʹ
໣
ܣٵӺУ˵ĲҺֱҰһ
⣬Х֮𣺡ؼȻڵǿĸоû˿֮ͬֻѹһλãǼͷǱ۰򣬻λ
Ȼڵͬȵѹȵÿһ֣ÿһѪ⡣ڿУǵÿһ缡ܳԽһǸ౶ѹϣǻǵһĸоиǵÿһѪ⣬Ǻอ
Х΢
ԭˡ

ղŻɻԼǰƶСŮƶɴδд˿ĸоԭѹʽͨѹʽȫһ
ѹȵÿһѪҲӦʦӡ°ɡ
뵽
ʦһ붼ÿ£ǻʳǵĿʦǵȼǿߣңҲӦǳϼ
ˣܲˣ
ʹˣ
Ҫȥ
ܣһҺڳԽһѹ£ɫѿһ˿˺ۣǾҵʹȴԳܡ
ܿ죬˿ʼŴŲȥ
ɨһܣɫƬÿһο翪Ų嶼һʹУѪʱĸоһ޶ģƶŲٶȱÿ˲٣ȻʹҲ֮ǿ
ֻǿȵѵǿУǲЧӦ
찵
ǲӿԺеЩϢ˫һΪؾ磬ŴڵһأؼȻӶѹ壬жһǲѡ
һǲܸ٣ʼײΪأԺеϢײڿӵгԽ˵ٶȣºǿޱȣһɺԽɽӣؼ١
ʹ
ǲоԽӵʹɵһ졣ҲпŶѣܣǴ˿̽ȥԼڻĳܲˡ
ʱ򣬾һѾʱȴ⣬һѾȫ˴󡣶ԴˣҲ⣬ɫƽᶨƬǲ
úһɫ̺ۣ̺ʮԲӣӡڵر֮ϣʹһۼڲӦþ˰ɡ
룬ԿŽɫ̺ڡ
һ˲䣬ҵʹдƱһ󵶸ն
д󾪣ɫҲֱӱˡ
˫ڵϺݺһ̤˶ʱ˿һԶ
΢΢ʹţһ̰ĸоϮоұ۶ˣʧȥ֪
̫ˣ
Щļ£Х֮ǰʱ˵ĻһҲšֻһֱܣ߽ȥƻпܱѹС
ʱڶӦ˶ȥ
찵
Щұۣٴζʹͬʱǲѭƶ


58 ǲһشԲ
ʱţһʱܿȥ
֮ǰİʱһʱ䣬ɵ飬ѾȺвȫ˳˿̣鿪ʼ󣬿ֱʱȴʼղ߳
Сһ
Х˸âһ󣬾ȻڶѾŹһʱ
˿̣УԵúܼᶨ˿仯ڴдһʱĶЩ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ǲ˿Ѿƿյ
ʵ̫ˣʥأ
찵
һʱʼճż崫ʹɾˣȴоԼı仯ܺ΢Сȱ仯ȷʵš

е
ʹڳԴˣƺûκθоⲢʹҪһ·ǰУͱʹ࣡
Եÿп࣬Ϊˡ
Ϊ˵
ƴУͬʱʱҲͣǰС
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱɵȫһҽ˳ڵϣп಻
ХŴڣеľâʧɫЩ
˿̣Ѿȥʱ
ХЩˣʲô⣬ֻѣԶڽһѹҲΪ֮ǰѾǿ첻ֿԴˡ
Сһжǿ󰡣
һνܼʱХıסˣ֪Ծ丮δĸӵһνоܼôãĪţһνȥƺҲֻǼʱѡ
Хɵ˫ȭŴڡ
ʦԻȥ𣿡
ǰʦʹ
ǻȥϢ°ɡ
ٵӽпࡣ
ѾڴмʱٿЩŽȥʱпˣХʱһ
ұ죡һڵӣХɫĮȻثγΪһǿߣƫͷɨһۿХߵʵʵվԭأûǰ˭ߣ
ХǿôһȣӶŵӡ
ܿ죬ɻ
˭ڴ

ɨӣ˾
Ǹ죬û
죿ۺϿ˵һǸ죿֮ǰնĪǸĪɭˣ
棿
˽¶ݡ
Щ˲һ丮ˣȻ֪졣
ǵʦСĿڣǸ죬Ǿ츳һ⸮ڶܹȰ
ǰʦ
ҲŸպ츳ѡ
С⸮Ѿ˶֪֮ǰߵ£丮ֻм֪ûйٴγʱЩ丮Ӷûоþȡ
ɨȺˣХԲ˫ۡ
ס죡ĥܵĵط츳û˿ϵ˴ʵȷʵǾ֧ŶõĹؼǵǰΪǵһνУ־֧ͣһʱҲǶȻû⣬Ǹ˵ԼΪҪľŴ߳ģ
Х
Хôһȣ˵ɫʱѿѵȷʵ˲֧Ŵ߳ʵִܲʹǱȴǻҪʹ˶ǽȥƬ̺ͳ˳
ʦǴˡ
еӵ
ЩУȻҲڣֻǴ˿̣ϵɫѿ죬ȫ͸ˣǰֻǸಡˣһת۾ͳ˾츳ľţɱĪɭ丮һˣ⸮ڶڣǵһξڶ֧ôãвɵ˸һҺͺ¡
һʱ䣬Щˡ
˿̣УڲǲʱĲӸƽȻŵҲһֶ
ٿһЩһЩ

ᶨɫѾЩ԰ףѾдȴɲͣ£һһǲ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
һ̣΢϶ͻأÿ࣬ٶһ˲һֹ
ǣ
΢
ûͣ£ŵǰƶٶȣԭز˸ֱʮͣ
ǲһشԲ
¶ϲɫʵһȻǲҲѾܹﵽʩչǲʱ۷ˮ׼
ǲʵȾ罣ѣһؾԲԭΪҪķʱܰ쵽ɲ룬ֻʱˣʵЩٶȿνһֹ
ˣˣóȥˡ
찵
ϵĳһɲǼͿ˿
߳оԼƺ࣬·һ⣬оء
ӦЧ
찵
̧ͷͻأһһڵӾ˫
Хӭ𾪣ΣЦСһȻһξ˽ʱǸСҲ㶼̲סҪȥˡ
ʱһһĹȥʼղ֣ȻХģȴҲЩǲΪ֧˶ǲܵȥˡڴ˿̣˳
ЩգЩ˼
ǰˡ

Х֣ˬʴЦϹˡ漴ХˣɢȥɣסֻǴʶһ֮丮⸮ȡõʱ䣬סһ㡣
ǣʦ
ڵһ˶죬ľǾηܿ춼ɢȥ
Х죬ļЦСӣһҪһ£¿Ǻ£־ҲǺ£ɻҪƣֵĿ̿ʱ򷴶к֪𡣡
ͷΪȻлǰָ̣
ˣôãӦúˣȥúϢһ
Х
ͷл󣬳丮סȥ
ԶȥıӰХЦ⣺ܾûôˡ

صסϴһſ˴ϡڶʱȷʵۣ弸Ҫɢ˰㡣
һֱ˯ҹ
ҹʱ֣ǳ֣Ϊһ⡣
ʱˣ
գǹһĨЦ
ȡ۹ϣ˸ƾϵ䣬ƿţչһƣ˶ʱһڰСúӾ丮߳Ŀɨڣһ˹ȥ


59 ı
Ϊĺ̼壬ͥݻȻҹǰҲɵƻԻ͡
ںڰУܿ⡣
ȥǰվиһ˳ìĴܡ
ûˣƹҲǽ⣬һԾʱɸǽڲ棬ڲһʵơ
ң
ЦнһУ󲿷ֶǴּ
ڲҲв˺ͿأѲҹԴˣ˿Ҳ⣬ǰļ䣬ܿһǰݲߴݻȴܣǷסݵǵţƤǣ¹а˵ңվȥǰ˸һЩ
ںڰУȡһСֽֽװԻۣµߣԻ۾ЧŵһζͻʡȡԻۣһ֣Իһ磬ʱƮɢƬռС
ףʲôζ
ǻ
ǰֱء
Ҳʲô壬лȻ̫ǿסԻۡ
첽ǰһӿ룬֪Ĺ죬Լһ׼õĽ˿̽룬ſһһ򿪡
ڶѡ
찵
ߣһǿʦޱǿ󣬿Ȼ׾١
ܿ죬˰ȫ򿪣УСĽŹϡ
濴ֻܶѣݻڣȴһƬܶѻܼĽƱŴɱضǡһЩǶסһ޴ӡ
ԾΧƣÿ̶һʯ̨ϣҽһѴԴˣ⣬ʼʩһһ򿪣һȡһƤֽ

ֽҵ
鱦
һһɨЩƤֽÿһּһڲҵĲȴѾģ֮ϵ֡
Цӿ֣ϵֶʱɢȥ漴ϦָԭλǿʦһЩּͳԷ˯׶Ȱ޲
𼸷Լ
ľҵ
ϲ͹ݡ

һ·ЩľǰּһǸУҵľˣʮ֡вԻϦ֣һ׼õĲ
ңľײַƤֽ
ҵز

ҵ
ǹаЦҲ¸ģ漴һװ벼
̲ûкķѶʱ䣬֮콫ӹϣһһպϣ漴˳ȥϵİ˵ҲϡûȡевЩҲС
߳Զһ֣Ի۵ĽҩƮ

ȥĻǽߣ˿̣תʱһ
ô˯ˣ
˿ɨܣֱȷһһ
Զ쵭ĮһЦתȥʱѾչ˵ƣΪÿһܹ֧ŵʱ䲢ҪǰһʧЧǰչһƣλᱩ¶ʹ˼ƺø飬ͬһӰ㣬ٳȥ
ףô찡
ͻȻһϤӲԶŲһ١
ȥԶһ䷿ڣƻţںڰУԿӰһߴһ񻡣ڴӷд쵱Ȼ˭ϵ
΢΢ԥСĿ˹ȥ
ܿ죬⣬
Ǹ죬Ǿ츳Ѿ⸮ڶҡҰʱ֣丮Ķ˽ʱʦסˣô찡ףȥԽԽǿһԸǵģ
ϵԵЩҡ
ڴһߣʲôһ˶ѣûгɳʲôˣǾ丮⼸գúù۲һѰһЩΪǮõ丮ӣ壬Щ˽СҰƭ룬뽫֮װɣ
Ǹף丮ЩӶܸ߰һ㲻ᡭ
ˣÿʮҡ
ʮ򣿣
ϵЩȡ
ڣϵٴδ츳ΪҲ֪һЩ˵СҰ־Բ£֮Ϊҵĸ󻼡
ʮ򣿣ĿһѰˣ
ϲ
ţ㣬Ϊǰױ򵽵ƾᣬӡǿ似֮ױϯִʷʦƳ磬شǿߡ㽫ǴϣʱӦûô
⡭ϵžϲлףζɳ׳
⣬һУâ˸
ÿʮңʱ
Ц
ʮңһʾ޴ʲȻһЩǿҲпܶݡ
٣
ͻȻЩңýҹˣҪȻᱻƵ
ĺˣںڰУܿ뿪ҡ
ڼžĽֵϣúص丮סСĽװҲĲӲ֮ϣʼֿ̻ơ
ˣ֪ҪѶʱأʱ򣬸ϲɡ
аЦ
ƵĿ̻ѾϤֻǰʱʱ䣬̻һƣֱӿƣ˷ܣʼҵʹһʱӿ𣬲ȴǺ⣬дžâ⡣
ˣ
â˸ǹһӿ츲ǡ
һҹܿȥһҹܸ಻ϴȵĴʹУȴ⡣һҹΪ˼֣øǿҲ֮ǰˡ

찵һ
˿ֵ峿ʱ֣ϴһ漴䳡Ŀڡ
СӣĻͦ硣
ХЦŴк
Хʱ⸮ѵʴˣһ㶼䳡
ǰ硣
ò
ХǺһЦˣƨҪȥ
ǵġ
ͷ
Եһ£һ˶ûУ󻹲ХͷŲԶĿִ´˸к󣬴˵һ죬Хˣڿˣȥɡ
תҪķѼʴˣʱ󶼻رա
лǰ
òĵһ漴С
ڶоպ˲٣ж䲻ǰ˳ȴҲԶǰѡʼһУ㿪ʼǲЩﵽǲڶء
һﵽǲڶأٶȻø죬ɶڿƶ򵥵˵ﵽǲڶأƺڰɭϿڵʯڣԲԤ;罣ǲ̤ʯڶ


60 ʮ
һ죬ڿ߸ʱֱʱֲ߳ʼһ߳о˼ָ֣оо̹
ܺã
߸ʱøᣬǲľҲЩ
ص丮סùϦ׼õķ˺ڣӡƺ󣬿ʼ
ˣ
â⣬ڰĶ˼֡

ʱһȥ丮Ϊÿռ䣬ڿǲĥǣþǳļ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
һ죬ڣĽŲͻأ̤ա
رڿÿһ£ŵ׶аɫӿ֣ſռǰУ˽Զ
ڵرһĨ貾â
ڵڶˣ
΢
ղڿĸоܣվԭػζ
Ժٴζϰ
ոտǲڶأֻڿпȥԶңڿп粽ԪҲֻһζѣоԪ˴Լ֮һ
ڶأϻЩҪ̺Ϥ
찵
뵽һٴϰ
ܿ죬ȥʱļȴϢ⣬ڿжȹͨʱ䣬ǲڶؾϤУԪĸ٣ҿڿпʮԶ
ڣ丮Ѿһ¶ʮ졣
þﵽء
찵
賿ӿ߳չӣסȥ
ƹתǣסǰ
ֵܣ
һ
Ա߲Զһϴź΢Ц
ƫͷǣ
һЦղᣬϽ丮ӣǿ⸮ŵ
ԭղ֣쵭Ц֪ղк£
ղῴ죬ЦֲǰڷǵĿʦ˸ɱްұȡðұ࣬ԹһκַԼһʵЩֵ⸮ڶսԵʴˣֵĳͣǶ԰ֵ֣㿴Σ
Ŷһ˼أת룬ȴǲɫʵĳǶ٣
ʼͣղжʱһĨ޵ϲɫһǧңɣֵܸһǧҡ
ÿһǧ壿ô࣡
ȡ
һǧңһͨ߶ԣȷʵһʲСǮơ
ղͷȻΪѶȱȽϴǰұ۷ޣʿȷʵöԸҲôߵĳ͡Ϊǰ⸮ҶƷһӦɱ
⸮ǰʮĽ˶֪⸮ڶõһƷԴˣղǺ
κһҧã¾ղʦȥһˣ
ֵܣʹ죡
ղЦ
ղʦ֣ʲôʱȥ
ʵ
ղЦֵ۲һǧˣ
ǰɣͷȽϽţЩȱǮ
Ц
ղ룬ðɣȻͷھͳѾѰ˰ұϳһ¶ɽڣȥɱҲǡǡá
СղʦԵȣȥȡԪ
丮ڲ첢δʱϡ
ԪղһĨ⣺ãȥأڴ˵㡣
á
ס
صסϷţ϶ʱֳЦ꼫ǿ֪ȻҲͲͨղŵĶԻѾԿ϶ղԸˣȻˣԷҲû⡣
ʲô
Ԫں󱳣ȻһЦ߳ס
֮ǰǸطղԭء
Ǹʦ־õˡ
Ц
޷޷ɨһ󱳵ĹԪղЦô߰ɡ
Уʦߡ


뼫ղĴ£˺ܿ촩һͶ뵽
׿޼ֵ࣬СһЩ
ղЦ
лʦѡ
ͷ
ʱ˳һ޴ɽǰɽ·һ˸ߵɽֱͨɽڲ
ˣ
ղһ
ɽڣ
ղͷǽȥɣСЩǰұʱӦɽ˯ǽһϮɱ
ã
ͷ
ղߣܿ죬˴ɽ뵽˶ڡ
ɽߴԼʮɸߣţ̧ͷԿơվɽڣɨһղʦ֣ұأ
ұ˾֪ˣ
ղЦ
һ̣ղˣºͣǴһ䡣
ವһղ˳¶ɽߣⱼȥͬһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôһĶǺ¡¡̮Ƭ̼ͽסˡ
ɫƽ򱻶סɽǰʮɾɽסǿҲڶʱͨɡ
ǣ
ʱղٴ𣬴Ͽմ
̧ͷֻղվڶһЦı顣
ղʦ֣Ǻ⣿
ʵ
⣿һˣӦþ֪ˡ
ղЦ
ղĻ£ɽ߶һŮ˳ϡ
죬û뵽ɣ
ϵĶ죬ʱ丮ӣ壬˿̽ɽУһֳɾ͸С
ɫƽȷʵû뵽û뵽ôĪɭŸ£ֹµҰˣ˾ɷ򰡡
˵ʲô
ϼ
ˣ쵭˵Ǹӡ
㡭ңŭݣҳɱɱĻ£ɽ߶ĸ߳ϢԲͶأÿ󶼱һ鹭
ˣıɲ䡣
ģͦ
Ų
ϼУɱɱ
мɨһۣĿ䵽ղϣҵɱҰɣǣǵĵӻ治СΪ丮ӣȴôͲ丮߲֪ն𣿡
ղӻȡһŽ𿨣˻ΣһǧҾ㼤ˣſʮҡʮңֵðɱˡ˶٣ղᵭЦң丮֪ġ
˵ȥ丮ֻΪɱġ

ղ΢㶣漴Ц
ɫƽĸ꣺أҸǵĳǶ٣ҲǶʮңʮң
ǣÿʮҡ
ղ
죬̬Ⱥ⣬·Ѿһʬ塣
һʮĸʮ򣬺һܹʮҡ쵭Цһ˵лǽʾ޿͵ǰ


61 նɱ
ղһ㶣漴ԴЦ
Ѿ޿͵ǰСӣǱɵʼ˵ˣ
˳
ܺЦ
żˡ
ղͷΪ޵㣬˿̾ҲҽĻѵЦҾЦЦ
𡣡쵭ܿЦˡ
ɫƽ˿ҡ
ȱ飬ղ˺ܲˬ
ߣղһңأǿ̴۷壬ûһ˵ΪƾһˣǶǱɣοڣڵ㣬Ҳ˵󻰣
ɽڵ죬ղһ̡
ղᣬǿ̡ɨˣĿԴ
վɽڣһеӡ
ҪϻǮѾˣ춯֣ɱ
ϼ
ղͷɽ߶ȡѾ׼õĹֱ׼졣ͬһʱ䣬ĸǴӱȡ¹һ֧֧ʸڿ˸ű亮⡣
ô˵أСӣԲסˡ
ղЦ
䣬ղɿңݵһȥ
ͬʱ˽мʸ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ƿյ֧ʸֱᴩ졣
Ų΢ƣӰ˸һһ֧ܿ

ϴС
ղٴһΣÿ˵Ĺ϶֧ʸһʱ䣬ܼļʸɽڵпռ䣬һ
յɽڣܼĹô㣡
Ц
ҲЦǾ׼õģɽڣɽ߶Լʸɱ޵ĿռҪܼܿʸѣǶԣڵǸӣ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
һּʸոٴڶּϡ
ɣ
ϼ
쵭ĮһЦȰڼʸ϶˸ûһ֧ܹմ

ּȥ½Ƕơ
·ǿ˶Щݡ
ٶȡ
૵ǿµٶȾסˡ
ղҪα֮
ȷһ
ղᡣ
ߣͨɽѾܷ⣬ǿҲ߳ɽǽڣʮɣѾͿĨ㲻ӳ죬ղĮҲ˵ֻܱǵĹ£ȻٶٿΣǺģҲܽ
䣬ղȻһЦȡĳǹ
ǹ裬Ʒ
ղȻ
֮֮ڶ˶γԼı
⸮ھţһᵶһƷˣбȴҲһıǿ˲١
һվɽ߶бֱ׼졣
ǻҵˣ
Ц
ղ̣ѵǣ
˭֪ء
쵭Ц
аĶżˣ΢΢ӣһ̤棬˶ʱԾϸ߿գһԾɸߡ
˶ղ˶ʱЦ
ΪǿһԾʮɸߵɽߣ˵ԼѾﵽվ磬շˣ
̿ǣ
ıɵ˰ɡ
һ˳
Ծϸ߿ɵ죬ûʵ֧£忪ʼ䣬һͨȻЦ
ɵˣ
ϼ
𡣡
۴УаһЦҽڿһ̤һذɫ˸֣׹ʱһ漴ֳɽ߶ȥ
һԾɸߣ
ңڿԾ
⣬⡭
ôܣ
ʲô
һĻղ˽Աɫ
徳߶ѣȻܹڿп粽£ǿ߶첻
аЦڿԾһ򶥲ǲﵽڶغڿжƶˣ˿̣Ȼʩչǲڶصǲ
칥
ϼС
ղ˿бһ似֮˸
ˡ
䵭
ڿе첻֪ʲôʱѾγ˹Ԫוּһ̶ХصܼɫĻ嫺һɨˡ
֮
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
Ƴգ֮
֮ǿޱȣ弶ϵ似ټϴ˿̣ԹԪնһʽƽռǿɣʱסˡ

ҽеһʱ䴫ǿеı罣ϣ˸ᴩĴɽ߶׹䣬ڵϷһ죬ӿѪ
Ȼɱˣ
ϼ
׳գ
һϮֱš
һŵĻʧɫղԱߣгǹһ𣬽飬ϡ
ʱѾɽ߶Įɨˡ
죬ղ˵ɫüΪ
ôģ
ղ
¡
쵭
ټƽı飬ʱղɫ⣡ΣɱǿΣ˿ͬʱˣԼʤ㣿·һǶЩˡ
㵹ͦš
̡
ֻǳһʵ
ղ
𡣡ааĶղᣬҸ㣬ӼһʱҾ֪ҪƶԸңȴˣ㻹𣿡
⻰һղɫҲݡ
˵ʲô
ղɫ
ûʲô
쵭Ц
ϣŲһ̤гնˡ
ȥʩչ
ղȵ
ղĻ̵˵ͷһԾɽһ¡ɽ߶ĿռЩխ޷Ǹõĺϻ졣
֮
һĮ
ͬǻڿе̷һҽУ౻ԹԪᴩ
ڣһ˵档
ŵڵϵ̵ʬ壬ղ˵ɫѿϣɫЩ԰ף̲סһ¡ǲ޵Ը죬Ϊɱ죬ɴ˿ȴˣô̵ʱо˱ɱһһնɱЩ
ŵ⸮ڶǽҡ
ղ
ϻ̫ˡ
쵭ĮһԪն¡
ղгǹӭǹ໥ײһ졣
ʱԱһɱһƷᵶһ˻ڶŵһ˫нȴҲƷ˶ˡ
ղᣬԪᵶ漴һڶ
һɣݺײڲԶһľϡ
úúãȻмʵ
ղͳ
ɫƽûʵֻţնˡ
żˣЦƽĮ
ȱ飬üɫһ
ΪǣղĶ죬ƻȻһ䣬һԵϢɢ˶죬ƿ弶ϵ似ƾص㣬ߵΧ£Ϊܻ


62 ĸǿ
ղ͸Ϣǿ붡վһǿϢɢѹ졣
˷λãΧ롣
Ҷɱʲô
쵭Į
ղһȻš
Բѣ
ϻˣʱϵ̫ãǱ˷־鷳ˡ
ٶɱ
ɫԺ䡣
֮ڶǹХһʱ䣬ǿԪ֯ܡ
еĽƷǵıǿܶ࣬ҪӲӲղҳǰ棬ǹѹ˴Ӳл
У
Ͷͷ
Ԫһ̣ͬʱѹ졣
ղ趯гǹˮǹâ
ϵ似ǹһԣ
ղ
⣬гһնǰ
½
ǧ鵶
ʱ࣬
Ͷɱ˹ϢȻղЩȴҲ١
Ȼ˶չϵ似
ȥ
䵭
гһһת֮Ȼ
ﬣ
̶ĽХ쳹գһ֮ǰһǿ죬ӰҲࡣ
ղᱻ𿪣ܼĽӰ붡ĵ֮ײͬʱ顣
罣Ȼƿǵϵ似ѵ㡭㽫׽޵ˣ
ɫ޳ɵľ罣зӳ˿µơ
һһ̤棬򶡰
Ķң
ղɱ졣
ȭҹ
һߣʱ䣬춼貵Ļ⡣
С
ղǹһлȭ
ʱѾǰʧٶȡ
Ҳʱĸ
֮
磬һƬռڻ
һղ󣬶е˫н۶ϣ˻ŻӽƣȴǳһĿѪۣһڵϡ
֮һɱ
ǲڶأٶȸˣ֮ҲȻӵӦ֡
һնصĶ
ղᣬϣɫ
ʲô˺ȻһǾ͵˶ɱˣ
ϼ
նˣоˡ
ģǮȻף
ղ
ȥ𣿡
쵭Цһ縡Ӱƽղᡣ
ղʱһԾйԪնɫЩÿһ̺ž֮Х̶
ղᶯݣٺˣͬʱԳǹӭϡ
ûᣡϣ
ղȵ
ǧ鵶
𣬳ڰʱԷһɱ˹
ɫ䣬ǹһĨЦ
㡣
նղĽһգڿУҽһ𣬾תϣԸٶȷԪն
֮
۵һѪɽĺ̴
ڵϣתղᡣ
㡭
ղɫұ䣬̲סһ
ɱ
ղϺȻһɸǿϢǹѹ£ǹâͬʱɳ
гתһնǹâ
ವƿ̧ͷʱһ㶡
ֻղʩչǿһ󣬾ǵͷߣ丮˹ȥ
ӵ𣡡
Ц
ӰһΣǲչֻ׷ղᡣ
ﬣ
һ£նղǰ
ԲһղؿڣʱղǱĺɶء
һڵϣղֱӿȳһѪ
չԪһƽ
ֵ֡ܣ飡
ղе
飿Ҹɡ
ۡ
ղӻȡ𿨣㲻ȱǮжʮңһһ롭ȫ㣡㣡ֻĹ
ɱ㣬ⶫȻҵġ
쵭
ղɫһף£룬ٵԹԲԣֻҪ㲻ɱңҸ㣬ңԺԸң㿴ôΪһ˰㣬ҲǹǿԲԣ
Զɫһ䡣
ղ˵ʲôǸǮ㾹Ȼˣ
ϼ
ղɫ԰ף˿ﻹϵĻֻ졣
ۣҲղᡣ
κһղ֡
ղһϲæ֡
ۣ
ʹдղͷֻеĳؿڡ
㡭㡭
죬ղ˫ۡ
֣ͦץָ
۵
ղһѪˮ³еɿٰԴһƫ˫ĵš
Ԫתϡ
ۿ϶ʱ־岻ѡ
㡭վסǱˣ϶Ŵӻȡһƾ᣺Ǹױ򵽵ıһλ׿ʦƾᣬٿҴ򿪾ᣬɣ
ֹסŲЦ
Цʲô
ϴ
òЦٴαϡ
ܲɣλ׿ʦˣǱˡ
Ц
ԣɫһ䡣
㡭˵ʲô
촽£Ϸ·µ¡
𣿡ǣΪչʾһˡ֣ӿеƾʱɢâŵϻæ֮˳ȥ˲䣬ܼɢԱʯ
㣬ô
ٴζ죬Ǿ֡
ΪģȻҸƿһаЦ˵øл㸸׻ҵĶ˵ɫ΢䣺ЩǮԭͶּУ
ɫޱȲ԰ףϲϲţôܡôܡ
ôҲû뵽Ǹ죬ǰಡ죬º󲻽˾츳ţ˾丮⸮ڶһͬʱǸ׿ʦ׿ʦҼɵηˣǸҿˣȻɳһ
ٸһϲ°ɡǰƭȥּҲԼԼĲڶСҵ˼㶮ɣʱͷ
˵ʲôʧܣػô࣬ôܴж֣ңܣǰʮлأܴҲһᾪѣ
ѣ첻мһ㸸ıҪʮҿɱҵʱҾ⣬ܲɣȫˡȻû뵽໨ʮңô˵㻹𡣡
㡭
ԣϳױɫ
һ̣ˣڲңҪˣ
ﬣ
Хһ
ȵȣ𣬲Ҫɱңģǿ־壬ҡֻһʱͿ磬ǰϣŹҰɡֻҪ㲻ɱңʲôУǡ£Ҫʱضԣ
죬о֣һģ
磿֮ɫǳ죡ңŶģֻɫĸǿ
ҡ
ۣ
ĻӽѪһϵͷ­ʱб˳ȥ


63 ʯ
Įɨһܣٶղϸѳһҽ𿨣ղƷǹƷ鵶Ҳ
ʮңһƷһƷ٣ջķᣡ
Ц
ʱǺԶ̧ͷһʱоϤ
ѪȺӻ顣
찵
ûԥٺˣȥ
ú󣬶˲ѰһЩ޴İŽҶǹ鵶ţųž丮ȥ
ص丮סֱӽŹ
ǹ鵶ٶȳ֡
찵
룬һⶫҲֻȥױˡ
£ҲͣϺۺ󣬾ֱ丮뿪
ױʱױԵú֣ƶŲֱá
ǡϴǸʦСֵܣ
õվ
ҡ£쿪ڣòƥŵǹ鵶ȡҼ£Ȼȥ
ղǹ鵶Ψһȼģͬĵǹ٣ʴˣֻҪ֣ûʲôɵĵˡ
Ŀһɨһ

ͷ
죬΢΢˹ʷ֮ǰԸСֵˣֱȥ¥ĹСֵܣ
С
ͷ
ʷҲǺϤˡ
˵Ĵ£ܿ¥һ⡣
ʷˣϴλʦСֵˡ
÷š
ѣűʷһЦվſڣĿһɨϣͣͣСֵܣ
ˡ

ºʷЦʵСֵܽˣ£


ʱҲڣ˵¡
รһƷһƷСֵֵΪױˡԣʷЦվãʱǰһᣬСֵԵȣϷ֪ͨ
鷳ˡ

ʷһ֣ǸױǮ鷳һ˵
£ʷԽ˹ȥ
ⷿúԼڴĺƮС֮󣬴ԼȥʱʧƺѾ
ˣܿһӹȥ
֨ѽ
ķűƿһϤζԶԶƮ
õܵܣˣһֱأ
һ
ջһɫȹıյĸˣңһ̤ĵĲӣֱǰЦ˫ۡ
ɿȣ̲ס˼֡
˿̣ӼҪˣ˵ӿǼ⣬ʵЩջ
ֺܵˣɰ
Ц
죺
һһܵܣе˳졣
ѽܵôˣ˵仰ĪǱסˣ
쿿£
˵ƮڿУ͹µɢųȻ󣬶κһ˶ԣȻԺ̡
־ͣ»ˡ
ȣС㡭
ʷĸɿӺ
˷ۣŴ˿һЩȤ˿ȴǿΣû¡
죺
ˮ򽻵ĺܲóǿѡȥͳƴһ
ʷҲЩΡ
Ҳʷһ£ЦСֵܣѾȥˣһʮңһΣױֻͷʮҵĿ
˵ţʷһŽ𿨵ݵС
лϡ

ιιιԱߣ𣺡ܵͲˣ֪ⶫģǷѾֻлϣͲллô
£Σæлл㡭С㡣
һգٸԼͱȥſڽнˡ
ﲻнأ
͵Ц
һۣŮ˶˶ǸһһģƾǱ׹ĵ˶öݰɡ
ʷ죬СֵҪ˰ɣ
ǵġ
Ҳ
ʮﵽأԹҲûмˣټˮ׼ĿʦСֵܵʻ˾̾ȻʳǣͬҲûмˡ
ʷп
Ϲˡ
ǫ
Ϸ˵ֻʵ
ʷҡͷ
ʷ˴Լʱʷ쵹û˿ѹŮ
δˣһ£ˡ
ʱǡ
ôߣܵ¾ôࣿǰ¶һƬѩףһ˵¶ţѵܵ½㣿
죺
ȷʵ±ˡ
ܵˡı飬͵ЦᣬһĶƵܻܵȤ벻
ԣ΢΢ɻ󣺡ʲô
£
գգ۾Եˡ
²
ҡͷ
㣬㡣
죺
ʷЩȥˣٶȸɿС㡭
˷ۣصգױӵһöʯ䡣
ʯ䣿
΢ɣʲôصģ
ֱЦܵܲǺ˽ء˶٣ֵʯ˵ĳؿʯɣڲԳһСռ䣬װһ壬ôСĴϣǳ㡣
ԣ΢
֣
Щ졣
ͷЦ˼˵־ЩˣʯڲҲʹԼĿռ䡣
Ҳܲˣ

ССһöʯ䣬ָϣԼЯһĴռ䣬ʵǺܱȷʵΪʹʡ鷳
ôܵܶˣ
Ц
ҲΣȷʵǡ
һ룬ôһöʯ䣬ǾͲٽˣʯкߵﶼɽЯߡңװƾᣬΪԼӵƣٱ磬ɱղɽǹ鵶𣬶÷ѴȥҰŽҶǹ͵塣
ⶫȷмֵ
ʷһۣ漴ֱЦƯѹͷСܵҪҪม
ģ
һϲ
ʯ䣬ȷʵҪ
Ȼɲƭ㡣
Ǯ
ʮҡ

£һʶгǮ
ʷһֱ㶵졣
ʱЩ˼ɿǸҵ˼ǣʮңҲ̫˰ɡ
ߺߣˣõܵܣý߼ⶫǾɽҲһʮ֮ϣǵܵ㣬ô˵ȥ
ԣʱӾò˼漴Щɻ󣺡ⶫҪ𣬿ֱˣû
ûϵʯ䣬ױѾչױĶ죬ѹЩӣʮңչม


64 һϷ
ʷɵױʮչʯ䣬ԭ죬пƲ׬һǮ˵ǿʮңʮΪһŵĹϵȻ߼ֵ
ôܵҪ𣿡

룡
ԥʮȻЩʹʯֵۡ
ѽܵ˵㡭ӿ˼֣˱ǣջ󣺡ܵܵ˼ҪʯأҪأ
죺

ֱЦ˺ˣܵˡ
ҡҷˣ߽ⷿһڸ󣬲úȡ˸СľгľУֻľһССʯ䣬ȥܼ򵥣·ֻһСʯ
עһԪԦȻܴȡ
˵
˵꣬СľеݵС
ӹľУ콫ʯָϣСעһԪȥʱ䣬Ժлһ죬һСռĻͻأԺУһ
ôоΣ
ʵ
Կ£촫
ʢʯСľУһСľжʱʧС漴һСľ৵һ¸֣³С
˫һ棡
ʮң£ȫʷ
ҵʮңղʮңһʮǮĻʱ򡣡
а
ָϵʯ䣬£첻ɵ΢΢һЦ
ܵܣʲôأǲôл㣿
ڶ
պ󶨵л
Ц
־죬ٻ֪ʷΪƴ
˭ҪлˣǵýþС
һۡ
ǵãǵã
Ц
ױִ˰ʱʱǣ»ص丮ס
󴦣ȲٴʯڵĲϵȶһһװʯ䣬εȡ
ȡֻһ֮䣬о档
СԺʡȴ鷳
Ц
ԪһСذ׷ʯڣȡּҲҲȻһЦһ÷ŵʯС
ʱ˽ˣ


ʱź۴ڷǽֵϣúһҲľ޴ۡǰ
ۡϷϿ֡ظ
ظҲؼڣһؼҲǷǳĺ֮һ
ȻңؼҲ˲١
վס
ظǰǿ׳Ļǰסȥ·
Źںе죬׳һ֮ɫ
£ɫ䣬ʦȡ
ǣ
ͬʱɫ
Ϊؼ˵ʵڶأڿʦĴڣȻ֪ġ
ؼ֮
ѹ
ͷһ֮ɫõĺõģԵȣСȥ
˵ţһ˿첽ظڡ
֮󣬴Լʱ䣬һ˷ؼ֮䡣һλ׿ʦãһ˲õĴ£Ȼؼ֮Ҳҵ
λˣң
⣬ںе죬Сʵ
£ѹɷȥ˵
һ㶣漴ͷ
ȻȻ
𾴵
һݻڡ
ˣõ
е
һλ׿ʦã˿̣Ǽηӡ
ˡ£촫ѹ˵ؼغ÷ţҪκ˴ţҲҪκ˿䷿䣬Ҫؼ̡
΢ͷٰҪԸȥ
֨ѽ
佫Źغãյʵʵ
ˣ𣿡
Сĵ
һλ׿ʦظĺ̼ԣǾһĴڣҲҴ⡣
ͷ䣬¡
棬ͫ׶ʱɴ
죿㣡Ǿݣ漴иֳŭʲôؼҵ𣡡
ּǷĺ̼壬ּүȻʶ
ûͦ졣
쵭
㵱Լʲôˣô˵
ȵ
ҲǶ׿ʦ𡣡Թ£ɫƽ⣬˵İɣҪκţԣٴηȰһ䣬С㡣
׿ʦƾ㣡ǴŪļƭң
ɫ
£ǣ˸ٵĿʦ£ЦУһǰױƾ£Ӧûǵðɣƾߣҡ
ʲô
ԣɫ䡣
ţҪҪֳΪʾһ飿
˵ţһˮȡУ৵ǽϵһϿӡһơ
Ȼ⸱ûаá
ǸĻ쵭Ӧòɣ
ɴ˫ۣ̻µƣʹ˿Һ
ٴ죬϶Цݡ
Ǹֶš
Щļ£˵£ĿˮӡƣԿʦǷǳ˽⣬ȴҲ˿ˡּҵүڣȻһλ׿ʦ
벻벻ֶȻȡԻ͵ĳɾͣնּܸң
俶ĵ
һ֣ˣٵĳ滰ͲҪ˵ˡ
һһƤֽʱС
ǣ
һϿʲôûУɾôһۣһƤֽȴǳˣ
ԣ⻭ʵЩ˼飡ˡ
ֶǡ
Сʵ
Ҳڣһ֣ᶪ䡣
ӹĿһɨʱɫٱ䡣
ҷ
˫ֱɣҪôУĿһɨɫһ䣬ֻߣȻǡϦ
ҵķ
𣿡ƽٿЩ
һ֣һɳľҵ鱦ҵزҵҵ˫֣һһʮݲ֣Щ߾ȫǡϦ֣
ϦãȻҲ֪
⣬⣬⡭ǣǡ
ɫȻ˫ֶڷΪؼôһ̼ļȻЩζʲôζţϦҵƿߣҵȫУ
Ӧöɡ䣺ԣҺһϷΣ
ϷʲʲôϷ

ǷͷĴ곤ʮ꣬ɴ˿̣죬ؼȴһľģ
ڣһֱ̫¶棬æаЦؼ֮ҹ۸ߣһȥҡ


65 ңϣ
ʲô
Ļɫ䣬̲סһ
ȥң
쵭Įɨһ䣺ţ£Ǽ
⡭һ죺ֻǣֻǡ
λǴ˿̣ҡĸʱȴľһȻ
ֻʲô
쵭
죬СĵؼҺҲ޶ԹȥȥңƺЩЩʦ
ζ䣬漴ȻһЦ
ҪеġҺҵĲҵؼҾӪӪؼɣҰ˳ɣ𡣡
ͫ׵ɴĶ졣
⣿
ۡ
⣡ͷһоͰֶ˵İ죡
Һּң߼ĲҵнʮݣҷչĶܲʮݲҵһȻֻҲǼΪ˵֮ҪؼҺķȥӪΪ󣬾ֵã
ǡھȥң̽Եĵ
ҡͷټؼҵĵɽЩǰҵڵأȽЩҵյС˵ţ콫ȴҷвȫݸ䣺в֣ƾؼҵĵɽ˶ʱɣ
ֶɷģвڣʱӣ
ɫ
ãȥɣҾȣǽһУǡȥҡ
쵭Į
صͷ֨ѽһƿš
ˣ
ߺȡ
⣬ܿۼ˲ؼˣͨ˵ˮ׼Щ˵ľԺܾˣȻؼҾһԸ£ЩһӣԳһŲѸȥû˿ˮ
߻ط䣺ֶǾȺϢ
ͷ
ؼūµһЩģһۣһʱܿȥ
ľҵɣ
ؼӵ
ڣͷƽ
ӻ֣ؼӵܺܿȥ
ɣ
ɣ
ҵɣ
鱦ɣ
ҵزɣ
һؼӵ
תۼ䣬ּҺҵĲҵ˴롣
ЩɫأȴǼޱȣ΢΢ЩЩҵ֮ȫؼҾӪ󶼽ؼңһʾ޴棡
ʱվ
ʱˣؼȥң˽ᡣ

ݸһݲҷ
ӹӼ
ߣ˵Ǹֶ롣
׿ʦɲҴ⡣
죬ؼΪֻǸ㣬ԣǰ档

˿̣Ѿ¹˺ۡ

ҡ
üͷ壬ֲͣô档˿ɱѾȥһ죬ҹʼղôҲ粻ˣЩǣԼ䣬һɲԤȻ
ˣˣ

⣬һӵų˽
ëëģʲôӣ
ֵ鲻ã˻ҵĳ϶ʱֳŭ
ˣˣӵܲҵҵ˽ˣ
ʲôɫһ䣬漴ȳ˵˵ʲôҵҵ˭ߣΪҵ˶ǰ׳ԣҴ㲻֪ɶôӵӰ𣡡
ǵļ⡭ģˣԷҵ
ӵܵ
ԣϸŭһɺԣڡ
ʱ˻ҳ˽ˣľҵ˽ˣ
˽ˣ
˼ҵز
ˣǺð
һӵܳϢһӵһģһ˳Ųҵһݷݲҵ̲һ¡
ܣ
ϵͺ
첽߳⡣

æ

Ϻȵ
ƿŰٴľ䣬һ˲䣬˶ˡеּҲҲȻȫˣ
ô£ݣץ죺ôģ˵ȡҪĶǾȻ棡
⡭⡭ڼ䣬һж
һ
ϴ˿ɢƣһ־塣
ҵĲΪβɣ
ŭ
ʱŵɫҰףҲȻˣǣҲζʲôʱ

Ͻټ档һݷݲҵ˽գּҵĲҵҲգ˴£òԳ档
ܿϴһȺߵҴԺ
ʱűƿһЦ
֣
˽߸һϮ۵죬ǸӾɵĻһΪǰǿء
£۶ϣǴűЦ⡣
䣡ʲôô˼

䲻һˣǴһȺȻݷá
ûʲôһ
Ц
ңûҪյĶĵ뵽ҵյ£ɫʱһ䣺㣿
Ǻǣ¡
ͷȻҲ˵ʲô
֣ӻȡһƤ
㡭
Ƥӵɫ
ҷĿƣߴȴϣϦ
һЦ˰ڿʼۡ͸ۡڵһУңּСϦУĳּǰУǰۡϣϡ
ּңϦôܣ䣡ȡҲּĲߣôĵӣ
⻰˵ģǣ˭֪ܣֻӬɽȥѣĳܹȡҵĲͱ̧ˣϣֽдǶΪáˣҵҵؼѾϣʹɲصˡ

㣡
еҷϵɫޱ
ɲ⣬һӣˣҡ
ǣ
Ӧ붯
ŸԵֱڲ
˭Ҷ

ͻȻһؼҵһϣ⻤ɣݺײڲԶһʯϣѪ
һĻʱ˱ɫ
㡭𾪣ȥǸؼһΪ˿ȴȻһƴˣϣ㣬㾹Ȼ
һţؼ
أ
һ
䣬ܺãӲС첻㸶ۣ᲻ϵôҳΪǵһϼģ
Ϻ
ϽŲƶ˲ǰѹ£ץ䡣
ʱԱߣһֻ̽һץסϵ
벻֮ϣǸصʿصĵͦ
£Ц


66 ң£
һΪе̧־ץס󣬸ΪӺ´ǳϤ
˭
Ϻȵ
ң쵭Цķʮɱ𡣡
ʲô
ɫ䣬˲µ˺µ˭
ûԥֱס̧֣һƳ¡
һ̧Ⱦһš
飡
ϱиʱǱĵɳȥһڵϡ

ӵܺɫԱ䣬ϧؼҵӻǰ裬ǹ˸â׼ˡ
վ󣬰ļ£ؼҵ커һڣȴһžͽ߷˳ȥжǿ󰡣
Ͽԣؿվ
㡭
죬ϵɫΪ
£ЦʣΪʲôţѿɫ쵭ΪɱҵЩˣˡ
ɫ䣺ˣ϶أŮأ

쵭
㡭㡭Ͼŭӣɱ
ɱңұɱǺܹƽ𡣡
쵭Ц
㣬ŭؿھ˫Ѫ˿ǺôҲĸ飬ȻɱΪ˺ݶ
飿ЦҶĺãּмҲǰĪɭҴ£ǰЩӣɱң㾹Ȼǰ֣Ƥδ̫ʵЩɣ
ԣϵɫʱޱࡣ
Ѫ˿˫ȭŭΣձضɱԼ϶֮飡ôһŮƽճ谮мӣȴôˣ˿̶νǺ֮ǡ
䣡
һɿҰƴڳԵ
ŭ˫ӿֳһɫâ֯һ𣬺ݺ졣
ƣʱסˡ
⡭ƺ弶е似
ôܻ似
ѵǰǾ丮ĵӣ
ؼһڻ󾪡
ۣ˲ϳϴƷȷʵе似ھ丮ľΪƣ似˫ƱͬƽӲ

ϴ
ЦҲףʲôʸŭ
ǰһֱӻӳȭ
ȭཻſһϲֹǱ顣
̧ȣһؿڣٴν߷ɡʱ䣬ɲڿа״ģѾǿޱȣɿǿߣȻнƣȴҲȻĶ֡
ܣһƬ
ǿ
ؼڻ𾪡
ϣʩչм似£Ȼһȭˣһ߷ɣǶôǿս
һߣӵܽɫҰס
ҡ
˶µ
ǿ֮ƽռǰϣ˿ȴȻ˲
ڵϣϿӿѪŵ졣
ôܣ㡭ôôǿ
־ŭʮ꣬񣬾ȻȲһʮˣ
վһ֮ɫ
ৣ
ֻ˲䣬ǰһƳ
žһϺɣˤڴԺһǡ

ӵܴ󼱣ȻؼһǼҲûá
ȫˣĮĳϱȥϻûгվǰ̧ȾһţٴѪɣΪּҵļҲôʳ𣡡߳һţ첽Ӳ䣬ٴαϵ֮
ϦǰܵίΪһ𡣡
һ̧ȣһԴϡ
һ̫ݣΪأϻ̲ҽг
粽ϣߣһŲؿڡ

һţֱӲȶһ߹ǡ
΢΢ͷ츩ϣǰҹǼ˺ıҪɱҵʱþ⡣˶٣ֵҲҹвȫȡ˻ȥ棬뵽ɣ
㣿㡭
ϵɴ˫ۣ죬ǺȻ
϶źǼһɻأҹһˣôϢǱңȡв԰ɣ£̵ЦѹѸ㣬ǿʦϴױߵƾᣬģ㾺ۣ߼۵ģҲҡʦֶκܶܶ࣬ӡһЩƣǱңĲѡ
㡭
飡
ȭһȭؿڡ
ϲҽУһѪˮ
֪ΪʲôҪЩͬʱС𣿺ܼ򵥣ΪǸоΪǸеڡϣЦһ׿ʦǲǺܿ־壿ס׼ȷ˵Ӧˮ׼ĿʦԭһߵˣȴǱƳ˵ˣǲǺܺڣ
ϵɴ˫ۣ㡭㡭
вӿѪһ̣дŭ𣬶ģȴǻں޺;һʦǸجΣǣµĿʦԭҵŮڣȴ˵ˣ˵ˣ
ϲڣʣ˲ͷ
ϣԽպҽڣ״ӷǳеӵܶͷǲǺܲģϧҲûáۣʲô԰ɡ
һиֳ֡
šŹҡ
ϲ
ĻдԵɱ⣬ϸо
Ź㣿ЦСıҪɱңھȻҷŹ㣬ãİ׳𣿡
Ҫ
Ͼ֡
ӣͻأֳһλεذס
ټˡ
۵һذ׾ֱϵࡣ
ϵ죬ĵţղһƫ
һվ
ܣһĻؼ˻ӵܣһɫ԰ס
ˡ
ݺһҺ
ҵˣǿߣȻô򵥱ɱˣ
ҡ
ӵܶµ
ƫͷɨһӵܣּâ˸һûӵڡѹڶ˼ǺţȥñҧᵽңϾǵ³
ȻԹ컹Զ¾¡ǽյеĴȥԻٻЩӰ죬ԣֻԴֶвЩˣţҵЩ˲᲻
һɵӲ־塣
ᡭ
˻ֵ̿
ɫĮ粽ǰ
ֶ㣬㡭
С
ۼʶֶΣνޱȼɵη塣
ϲ˲ϵİִֽ֣ɱؼһؼһɱϣôɣ
ףף
æͷ
ڿʼҵвҵۡؼУеĲƲպҾӪãؼɣҰ˳ɣͰ졣촫ĮȰһ䣬ԺʲôС򡭡
伹һҡͷҲңԲңֶʮӣĳҲԲڱʲôСһɱǿߵĶ׿ʦҵɵ˻ˡ
á쵭ЦƿҴųȥֻһаԵƮУ졣


67 
ʱ֣ɫջδ¡
ʱһǡ
ұ޳ܣּɾһҵȴ壬ּ̾Ҳҵĳ֮ҸؼҴּҲҵЩҵΪּУؼֻæ˽Կɼ֤֮
⻰һǶʱΪ֮𶯡
ʲôҡˣ
ôܣ
ǿǷǵһĺ̼壬ôܻ˵͸𣡡
ǣ
˭ڽؼɢҥԣҲ̫˰ɡ
˽Բ졣
ڣûȴвҸۡǰЩ˼ؼҵҸۡذණ
⡭
ؼôңѵģ
ıˣ
𾪡
ףǱߵģҵһСүôһʧǣ
ǱҲУҲӵܣȻŰ
ڡߣ
˵ۡ
󣬵˿ҸۡҲû˻ˡ
ңڲ֪УȻĸˣ
ҰȻˣؼЩصĹ
ؼЩ֮£Ϊ˽հɣҲ֪˶׼
˵ּܶңּҹҵ𣿡
У⻰ҲţǰҲô˵ġ
ⲻǴּҵĿںΪԼ֤ѣȻҲûʲôûаϵ
۷׷ס
һգ̶Ƭ̼䣬ұϢ߶⣬գۼ䴫ÿһ䣬Ϊ֮졣
ױʷĿ¶â
ǸСһ֮ǰ˵Ҫ죬Ȼʱ䣬Ҿ͸ˣѵϣãмֿģ
ȻֵһᣬҪôһ˲֮һ˶Ȼڸǰзʷ˫֣ǿʦֵĻǾˣˣֶζúܣ
ϵ˼һ

֮ǰҲ˵ƺԹˡʷͷ˴⣬ǣûϢһһؼңûܣؼӦֻСֵϵĴ˶ѡ
˼ԽԽϲСһˡ
ۡ

𶯣˿̣ȴѾص丮ס
ҪЩ

ҵĸ̹˲٣ȴΪһĵС󴦣ʼ̻ƣܿŪơˮ׼Ŀʦ̻ȻСһ
ӡþƺû¶Ϣ
һ죬ǴսղˣֱױңҲЩۡҹдʱϢҹʱ֣ļǸʱǳգǡļʱ
磬ˣڳ𣿡
¶Ϧ
ԭ׼ֱϢϦ΢΢һЦ˹ȥ
Сľϰڷż˺С׷ð߹ȥ£Դ׬ȡһҺ˵ͱǰ࣬ټϦղƽռķ˾Եøζ
СϦҵˡ
Ц
ܵѹȣϦҲ˲ίϦ¡
ม
ϦͷСĵΪʢһ
ร
ĶϦһม־ˣ
Ϧ󿴿ҿ磬ôˣ
΢㶣æûʲôûʲôɵСŮ֪ϦȻһֱûЩ£΢Щᡣֻ֪г𱨳ԹԹϦ˼ȴɾЩԹ
˶٣СϦﻹϰ𣿡
ϰߡֻҪ͸һСϦȥﶼϰߵġϦͷСЦСǣǣƽʱæӡ
΢㶣漴ЩΡ
˵ʱ䣬ȷʵϦ˵ûϦΪһ磬ȷʵЩʧְϾڶǸΨһˡ
ԲСϦϦСԴȸæʱ䣬һСϦȥ棬𣿡
Ϊǳù߳丮Īڻ⣬ܺƵĶԾֻһʱˣһڣŬΪԣۺȷʵʱϦһڣС
𣿡
ϦЩϲ
ģƭ˭ҲƭСϦ
Ц
Ϧϲ룬ƭҲá
ԣʱݸ
ùˣϦȥϢԼʰ꣬Żص䲹
ҹĻִܿأúǳ֣ʱƣǳ࣬ǹŨƬضһǻ¡
Ի½ǣ漴󴦡
ŲŨǹ⣬һƾᣬһ󣬿ʼתļԪǳ븭ࡣҵʹһϮξʹѾԵúܴݡ
ˣ
â˸ģ֮
ĬĬ֮ʹһһתļһֱ賿ʱ֣ͣ¶ϴˢһϢʱٴλض
ռ䣬ǳ٣ֻС
ˣʱɿţܿ죬ȥ
ռ䣬ϢԷ⣬ʱ䶼ڶļⲻò˵ܿбˡ
Ҫǿ¿
䣡
һ죬ڣһɺ嫴ӿ֡
âһ˲ڰĶ漴ְܿȥ
վȭ°͵Ĺͷ
ڵˣأ

ǰʹ۷壬ĿУҲǺ¡ȻУƿ˹ؼԵãʹٶھԴﲻ졣
ٴȭоڳҲ˳һСʵ飬ʱסһӣڣﵽϢӣ˵Ϣǿ
ϢϢϢأϢԽǿ˵ԽǿսҲӳ־ãҲ˵ﵽغսʱǿ
أӦȥѡϵ似ˡ

ʵϣڴﵽʱͿȥѡϵ似ΪһЩ£ˡվ¶󣬳ӸڵӸִµָйϢĸ¡

ţأ
ӹƣԪһԣ϶ʱ¶֮ɫЩ´졣ϴѡ似ʱ򣬲أ¹ȥȻﵽأٶϲɵ𾪡
úúãǾ츳͵죬Ƶݻȥȥڶ¥ɣѡһϵ似ʱ䣬Ͳˣѡ


68 ׽
ƬΪطʵ˵丮ȻҲ̫⡣ʾˣٶȻкſߣ̫ˡ
΢΢һ㶣ܿ׹лϡ
һԣ丮ѡ似ʱΪһʱûʱϵƣȻԸõѡ似һ¡
£쳯ŵڶ¥ȥ
ڶڶ㣬طȻϤֱߵڷ弶ϵ似λã濴
ǧ鵶
ƿơ
Ľ
оȡ
ȭ
һһģֲϷ£У˲Լʶ似ǧ鵶Ľʺ
ܿ죬ʱȥ淭˽ٷ似ٷ似УҲò似û̾ѡ似ʱûƣˣ࿴໥жԱȺǵġ
צ
Ԫǵ
ǹ
ַ˰ӣ컹ҡͷ
Ĺһһ׵似Ѿϵʱ۹ͻȻڰڷ似ļӵĽһΪ׽似Щ׿ȥ㲻似Ϊλᱻһߣֽ֮ȡз
һʱһ
׽ףգʱХһһʽԿɿ弶е似˽Ѷȼߣǰ׵繥ϴ壬׵֮һϤ֪
⽣Ҫ춼̲һ
ѹֱһߡ
ҡͷ
׽Ȳ˵ڵѶȣǾ׵繥ϴһ㣬ðٷ֮ٵ˷似ˡҪ֪ļޣȻֻļȣҲǿĴڣΪ似Ϊȥһǲ𣿶ң⻹ҪģҪǣ޷ǳϡ٣Ѱ
ĸǿ˴׽ۣĿƣڽֿһעʶ˳˽ȱʧ߳ɣ֣ѡ񡣡
쳹ˣ
²׽һߣɸ˼̲סͣ
Ŀڲ׽ϣ似ѶȷʵߵľˣȱҲȷʵܴ󣬿ȴʵû˵һһʽе似ʵںˣ似ʮջһҧһѽ֮ץ˹
ڴأǿԳļһ֮Լߡںȱʧ߳ɣҲҲûϵǰɾ͹ǿˣԱȵµ似Ҳ˵
찵
ټ⣬Ȼǳϡ٣ɵǣϴںڰɭֽ껨ʱһΣϿȵһߡ
첻ԥŵһ¥ȥ
ϣѡ似
콫׽˹ȥ丮ѡ似͹󣬶øϹĿһеǼǡ
ϵͷӹһʱ¶ɫ׽
´죬ϵıһ졣
ˣϷ֪츳׽Ϸǲѡȣ׽һ֮ΣΣ⽣ѶȼߣҪǣĲȱ̫ˡҡͷ̾˵似һѡºͲģɹվģɣȥѡһס
κεطŴǾ츳ٶֿˣⳤ˰֮ģΪһʱѡʧԴ
имһ񣬵лǰ񰮣Ѿϸǹˣѡ似
ЩΣʵϴεľ罣޵ʲô̶ˣ
ǰĸѾɡ
ǫ
ɣһƾ֮ɫչʾ
ǡ
ͷ
һһʱ͸
ۣȷʵǴɵĽ罣
𾪷罣⣬վһߡ
ô̵ʱｫ罣ɾ磬ʵ˵Ǿ츳ţٶҲʵϷԤϡܹ˾˵׽㻹ܹҲ˵
µǼǣ׽ؼһ죬ֵ׽ǰһֲĽ˵ʶ似ֻΪȱʧ̫أűΪϵȡңˣΪѶ̫ҲѡȾ罣Ѷȣʮ
һʶ似
ʶܹ룬Ǿͺˡ
ֹ
ôľ룬ȻɵЦСӣˣҪ似ɹʲʮ֮һͱˡ˶٣ֻһת˵£˭˵أһ죬ȱ似Ҳ˵
ǰˡ
е
ˡϻӻ֣Цȥɡ
ǣˡ

֮˳󣬳סȥ
صסʱɫѾҪ룬ȥڰɭ֡ҪõĶ뵽ʯУٴڶոմﵽأһȻбҪġ
ˣһҹܿȥ
賿ʱ֣ӭųɣϴһϦǰСŮ˯УûдţֻСֽϦԼȥ뿪
峿丮ĵӺ٣ϾڷܡһϮۣ߳丮˳ȥʦ˼漴ǰڰɭڡҪ׽һǵҵ
ڰɭʱѾҪӽʱ֣Ѿվ˲ˡһ˵Ľº۷ʯУųźڰɭȥжʯУһ飬Ǳϴʱ̹˲١
СȻķʮңȷʵֵá
ָʯ䣬а
ڰɭвڽӣϲʴ˲δ⡣
ڶνڰɭּ֣ĿռԵüΪɣŨ֮ǰ·ܿǰϿڣߵʯǰһǲתۼʮɸߵʯڣ漴һԾ䵽ʯһߡ
䣡
صһ˲䣬һͷ޴޴һ˹һ쫷硣
һͷβЫŶĺ
βЫվֻޣѣǰȻǷǳСû˿вԡ
ͻأһԥն¡
ۣ
ѪҺ䣬βЫһˤڵأ鴤˼±û˶
ڳβЫ޺ˣǰȥ
ܿ죬߳ʯڴԼɵľ롣
ҼǵǸʱǴǧԶһľġ
찵
ûԥ쳯Ǹ򿿽ΪƬöޣԵúܽϾ֮ҪԵһͷļޣһð϶Էһʴˣñ㹻


69 ֲ
ǧɾת˲ţ֮ǰĹľԸСĿԼʮûľȴûзټ
ʳȥˣ
ɻ
һתĸ֪ʱǿ׽дڵ
һͷ׵磬ȻԵЩرټ֮ԷļޣŨжٻƬ̼Ͳ׽
Ϸ򡣡
̧ͷȥԷЩ֮ǰ껨ʱڿʦȡйغڰɭֵĽܣ˿̣ǸԶ޾Ӷ̫࣬Σա
ûԥ£쳯ŶϷȥ
ٶȱһˮƽϣ죬ҲƵʼһ¡úǧɾȥǰһҵԪ
Ϊͬ첢ûбܿǰ
ֹȥʮͣǰмںһͷе޲һˣ쵹Ǽһ棬ǵܺߵʤ
໣
һҽУе޵ѪС
ʱʤҲ죬¶Щɫ㣿Ȼţۿ챻ߣΪѾˣɲúһνоʹʱϢʤ֪û
ۣɨʤ
ʤһϴʱ¶Щɵʲô
ʲôֲô
첻м
ɨʤһֱۣ뿪ʤΪʲôһҲ֣ʤֻͨ丮ӣӦڿʦױȵطЩ׬ȡҵڰɭС
ȻҲ԰ڰɭȴûȣϾ丮ȦΪӵĥ֮أеԶ޷ͺڰɭȣңҲûͬڰɭôϡҩȶ
һʧʤҰС
֣ղǣ
ʤԱߣһʵ
죡
ʤ
궼Щ죺Ǹһ⸮λڶǸ죿
ǣ
⡭˵СɱĪҵĪɭĪҵǧټʱСӾȻ̤丮ӻ治С
˵
丮һȻϣ丮УĪǿ壬ȴҲֱӳ丮ȥô
ʤ̧ͷ뿪ķһ⡣
ߣȥ
ʤ
ȥ¶֮ɫ֣ûꡣ
ʲôܵõʮҡ
ʤЦ

ʤٶɲ䣬ֻһתĸӿЩǿ֪鲼ܣѭϢһ·׷ȥ
䣡
һֻ˫ӥצץ
һͷеޣΪ޷񣬿ء
Դһץס޷צ͵ĳȥ
飡
޷شǧݺ׹䣬Ҳ֪ѹ˶ľ
ûͷ޵ǰȥ
֮󣬴Լȥ˰ʱǰȸУвҽڻص
ȥ֮⣬һͷɵһȺ׵׳İΧȦУͨ˺ëëȥһֺܼӡҪǣƣ罻֯׿˷顣

ֻһ˲䣬ҽ޿С
Ծһľ֦ϣ¶ϲɫ
ҵˣ

ǰʮ׳ȴǲ̫ࡣ
Դˣ첢⣬Ծڿս
ﬣ
г֣նһ罣ϡ
ʹһŭתѪĶ졣
ҧҰ
ȵ
ƣڵ̣һŭ£ʮ׳꣬˹ȥ;ײһľ
һȻ¡
żһԾ𣬳Զȥ

е
ļ޵ȻӵԼʶĻ󣬶ʱһŭſһӿĻ棬յЩŤ
ǲٳǰȥ
̫࣬Ҫһ٣ҲٵĵطȻٳһ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ǲܿȥԶ
ΪļޣٶȻҲε׷
Զʮ׳սϣһȺ׳˿
үû°ɣ
սվһͺһʮҵĻ꣬Сʵ
û¶ҡͷ˫۷Ź⣬챼ߵǸ֣󺰵ιǣ̫ˣл˹
ܴ߼ŵľֲԶȻˣͷɨһۻ꣬Ҳû˵ʲôµٶȸ˼֡
䣡
͵ıܶǿײһľɳ
ļǿ¡
찵ǲﵽ˵ڶأ治ȴڡ
һǰȥһϸܣԼֹȥСʱڣǰһƬտĲݵأҲûʲôǿޣ쵱˹ȥ
ವһͣ½Ųڲݵϡ
תſɫޱ档
ļް㲻þͻ
ڿһ˫׺ݵĵ졣
ŵ磡
е
ŭһ˫ٵأݺݳײ졣
ǲǿնϣԾһߡ
䣡
һŵæڿһ̤ܿ档Ȼˣȴɸоͨʹؿڵļ·Ҫڻ˰㡣
̫ˡ
ļ¡
ղǱǻɨУԼһ˲ʧȥս
ˣֻܳһ
찵
ǲտĲݵʲôȫǲٶͨ
ŵ磡
ŵ簡Ɀ
Ȼ
Ľ
˿̣˿棬һᾪӶɳһڵʿȻļ
ٲŵ磬ˣ
ٴ
ʩչǲҲúķԪôȥǷǳ
ǲ첻ϱֿڡ
ֹȥӣڣױŭˡ
һŭĻ˼֣ӿ׵ۣ֮ž졣
ˣ
һĻ켴ļ£ϲ
໣
һŭ죬һֱҵ׹У绡֯ݺݳ˹ȥ֮Ťرڣƺ׵ˣһɿµĲ˲Ϣɢ
һ£̫֮ˣ֮ǰĻ֮Ҫֲ˼֣׹ͻȻЩзֹ˿µԼʵܹ
һˣϣ
ҧ
һĨâ첻ܣӭȥ


70 ĪϮ
ֲž죬ܿԿһɫĵ绡Ϊˡӭҧأȥзӭȥ
ȣ
ཻһɲǣѪˡ
׹֮ʮԶ
һˤڵأ飬ѪܣͷˣвӿѪ
ʹˡ
еоЩ
һ̣оѿˣҰһƬģ
ģҰУ˹˸
ҧƴһ߹ȥͬʱľһ˿ƴʯƮСһչӰʱ͸ȥ
ʱֹס
ҰУӰʧˡ
ɨӣѪɫͫޱ壬һ𣬳Զȥ
¡¡
𶯣һ̮ӰϢȫʧԶ
ڸղŵĵطԶһڵϣǱĴϢÿһδϢʺѪˮ˳ӿȥҪжҡ
ֻһˡ
찵
˿̣ޱվûУֻڵϡ
ԼӺϵڶƣ˿˵̫أ߶ֻܶ֡΢ļתһƮ

ҵʹɵ÷һ
֮ܣʼһתļЩ׵֮ʱÿ·һɺ㣬ͻѪ⡣ͣתļڴϢƬ̺Ժиֳ׽ܸ١
ϣҪʧ

ת׽Ԫת·ʱ䣬оڵ֮˳ղ׽ܸתԪЩ֮Ȼɢһɫâ뵽Ԫ֮С
һ˲䣬ԸУʼʧ
⡭
һ֮˿ƺΪһͬҩĶ׽תʱЩ֮Ԫ·ʱһ֮𣬽ģ˵绡˸
һ̣쾹оһɰΰڻۣƺһͷֲ޽Ҫѹ
һ׽
˸â
ֻǳתܸ·ƣɼ׽Ŀֲ
ʱһһȥԭת׽ܸ٣ֱϵмƺľڻָжԵվ
ûлҪȻˡ
亹
·ѾƲʯһ׼õ£Ѹٻ
ʱһԵЩ㡣
ϧһЩڵͷһʵЩײࡣ
ȻЩûͣæ뿪
ԼһӺҵһΪεĵططڰɭֱԵѾԶܶЩͼޡ
һʯ£ʯȡһö裬У漴תļⵤΪԪױõģ԰߸ĻָԪ
ˣ
âתʮٻ۶
ʱȥ쳤Ԫָ˽˳ɡ

³һо̹˲١
˿ܣԪͻأУʼϰ׽
׽ûͬ罣ǰ̶ĽУеֻǶУ׽ֻҪżʱҲܿе似
ڣԪղ׽ܸתͬʱԺУһӰ֡Ƭռ潣ߣ⶯гһһն
ﬣ
Ҳ֪˶ãוּһԪĽϣе绡֯
绡ȳ׽żҲͲ˶Զˡ


طһδλӽӵϴͣ¡˷ֹȥʱڣԪâ֣һХ籼𶯡
׽ףȻͬ졣
찵
һ̣׽ʮ֮һǿ˲׽żڡ
ͷϵĺˮһöԪٴתļٻָĵԪԪֻͨҩԼҲʮһö̫ٶԣʮҲʲô
һӺ˫ۣ
Ԫָ˴Լ߳ɣɨһɫѾЩʱûȥˡ
׽Ի丮ȥҪȫࡣ

Ҳԥ£쳯źڰɭȥ
ܿ죬ڰɭֱԵѾɣԼԿɭֱԵвˡ
ಣ
ʱƿ֮һֻХ
һٶһߡ
ʲôˣ
վһϣĺȵ
ͦݡ
һ
ǰʮһӰ߳ϴԵɱ
˭

ʮˣ΢Щˣǿ
ɱĪү˭
Ϊһ
һ꣬ϵϢΪ£۷塣
Īҵˣ
һ
䱸ĴʮˣЩף߳丮ʱһֱСģԺ۹סȫ˵Īҵ˲ܻ֪˿ںڰɭŶԡ
ͻȻһ뵽һˡ
ʤ
һ
ڰɭʤһ棬֮Īҵ˱ˣΪһˣ˲Ͳµ˴ʤйءò˵¶ˣǰʤ󣬵һʱĪǧټŶԸ죬ϻطǣټ߸ĪңԴ˵õһҡ
ɫĪھ丮ʼղߣ벻ף㵽ζ㿪ЩߵļӲڰɭֵġ
֪ԣһҾ͸㡣
쵭
ʱһ
£
ĮʮӰʱ졣
Щ壬ҶѾʮңһΪνǿĶ졣
תۼ䣬˳嵽ǰһ򵥶
ߣ
Ц
ᳯһԾ罣һն
ﬣ
Х̶嵽ǰ˲䱻һɫᴩһ£һʹƺߣȴǲû
ɫһҪ⣬һ𹥻
ĪΪ˶Ը죬ռ˲ϢȻǰѾЩϢЩ˽⡣
ʮ˵ͷ΢䣬ð
䣡
ʮ˶ƿ似֮£Ǻһ𣬷·һֹɱƣԽƵĽ೯ɱȥ
΢ɫ
ʮ˶һǿ£оһв
ಣ
͵һɣٺˡ
Ϊͣսһ仰˵ĺã϶ҧ󣬾ǿһͬʱʮͬʿҲЩԲοЩԶԶһʿɱȣô꣬ÿ˵Ϣ


71 
ʮǿϢһѹݿ࣬Ϊ¡
ˣסһ򣬼ȥͬʱʮˣûаա
ڰɭֵڶĪǿ߷Ӳˣ

һͣһâת䷽
ɫ΢Ͻɢɱ⡣
ôһȻǿҲ鷳ýǷɢ
찵
Ļڱ쳯źڰɭȥ
׷
ȵ
ǲٶȺܿ죬ĪҵʮȴҲƵԶԶ޷ǲȣʮصУһ˵ٶȴҲû١
쳯ɨһۣһת֪ܡ
Ƭ̺΢ȥ
ˣʲôֶı䣬׷ȥ

ʮɫĮȻʮɱ¾һת䷽򣬵
ܿ죬ʮ׷촩Ƭľ
ʱͻȻһնǰ漴תأʮѹ
һС
аЦ
üͷһ壬һŭ
ԶԽնȥĵطƬľ飬һ޴ð˳߽ɣˡ
۷ޣţ
ɫһ䡣
ţԱ꣬һնʱŭ߷ѹ
۷ޣĪʮ˶ʱɫ
۷ޣǿصĴڣ
𣡡
ţһ֮£һ쫷硣
ȻһЦǲݺһ̤㿪ţһ˲䣬Īʮȴȫ¶ţҰС
һţŲ˭նĽֱĪˡ

˽е
ɲǼѣƬ֮ǰ
ˣҪҳ֣

ţƤͨ˷ֺĪ˹󣬸Ǵŭӷĳȥ
Ī˶ԣһѡ

գۼ䣬˷ҽУţһŲӡ
ʮȥĪʮ˱ɢԾۺһ
ҲʱԶЦˡ
ȻɢҪڶʱ¾ۺϳ壬ǾͲˡ
һһ˲Ϣ˹ȥ
Ī߸ˡ
ﬣ
û˿ԥԪ̶Хһʱ
㣡
ôĵӣɱ
ѹ
Īɫ
˶Դأͬʱӳ
ֳֹԪȻһЦ
΢ף
ۣ
ѪƮĪҳǰһ˵ĺһѪС
֮
ʣˣǷ֧ŵ˸Ԯ
Ц
Īɫ΢䣬һ˲ѣ֮оȻһ˱ɱˣ
⣬СӲ򵥣Χɱ
һ˳
һˣη壬˺˻һɱ졣
䣡
˶ǿߣһΪ¡
һܣӭ˳ȥ
ͬʱʮˣɵˣѹ

ӳһ˵ıֱնϡ
ǡ
һ˶ݡ
еĳ˽Աɫ
ɫĮһǰ
ǲ촩˵İΧȦУ罣һʽӦ
ɾУһ˱ɨУѪĽɡ
Ī㣡
˴С
ʱһ۹㣬˳
֮ڵʯն˵ĺ
һ˵ڵϣ
ʣˡ
ˣɫĮ
תۼ䱻ɱˣ˵ɫԱˣ¶ļ֮ɫ
ʱԶнŲ
˱ܿţʮ˳˹
һĻ˽˿
СӣΪɱ㣬Īҿǳ˲ˣɡ
һ
ɨһԶĿϣһһ̲ᵽ٣ǿ
ԣ˶ʱɫһ䣺㡭ʲô
ɱǶѡ
쵭Į
гһһתһȻ
֮նʱ䣬ԲɵĿռȫǡ
һĻ˶ʱɫұ䣬ɽǸо˿־塣
ס֣
Զදݣе
ϧˡ


ܼĽ׹£ͬɨҶתۼ佫û
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪɽĪ˱ܼĽᴩĵڵϡ
Ҳʱ굽ˡ

ŵڵϵ߾ʬɫŭĿѡЩ˿ɶǼ徫ӢһȥˣԼԣһھ޴ʧ
ֽɨˡ
Լɱң˱߳ŭ⻭ǳªŻ
̡
꣬˿ʮ˽ΧЩ˺һܹоѹȴ޷֮ǰǰовˡԣ˱ܡ
˵ʲô
ŭ
˵ġ쵭˵ĪҶġ
ɫŭҲɫ
죬ŬƽϢҪΪƺĪ˾ͺ˲ϢĪ˽һµ似Ӱȭе似罣Ϊأȷʵǿ˾ͽˣӦԣͬʱʮˣҿεֵ
Ļȷûʲô©
۵
ɫһʲô˼
̤ǰһԪ𣬶ʱ䣬һɰԵХͻأ
˼
𶯣ɫ绡֯ڹԪϣĻꡣ
漴˲Ϣ
һ
̶ĺУԪ΢ն
ۣ
ѪƮʮУɲǼһ˱ɱѪС
һĻʱ˱ɫ
㡭𾪣ŭⲻǾ罣Ӱȭʲôʱѧ似
һŭһߺ˹ɱ
ɲǼ䣬⽣ӰƬռݺᡣ
ڣʮ˽Χ롣

۵һĪһ˱ն˿ڴһƬڣ·׵һ㡣
Ƭռ쳹ɫ绡֯񣬳ٶû֮죬ȴȾ֮ǿÿһǰԵס

Īһ˵üıᴩͷ­һը
׽ףض
ֳֹԪǲĪ˵İΧȦݺᡣ˿̣ÿһӳ֮ǿ۷ǿ߶ɵĲ
Ľ
Х꣬һĿâĪһ˵ز
УԪܼâסˣԪӿԪڵ֮޷Ŵ֮뵽У뵽â֣ý֮ýâΰ
ǲ׽
彣
ٴƮٻٴδĪһ˵
Ŵ˿̵죬˶ˡ
ĲİٽصꪱĻ磬ƾˣź֪ͨϢ󣡡


72 
Щ˿չֳȫõϢְԵ׵ĽĪռ鱨иûᵽ
źţ죡
ȵ
Ļ£һգ̻ͬһը
̧ͷŲϣüͷ΢΢һ塣
Űɣò˶ãǿ߸ϵ

ɫ΢лһĨ⡣
֮ǰɱȫ

һԪ𶯣׽ٴն
ۣ
ѪӿһĪǿߵͷ­˳ȥ

ŭתۼѣ֮ǰˣĪҾʮˣ
ʮˣǿ߰
ɱ
ŭ䣬ꪣӰ졣
䵭ȭӰȭûܼȭӰ
һȭͷײͬʱˡ
㡭
ɫİٽأصΪϣ֮¼ɿ޵ˣȫһꪾ˳ֿȭ
ߣ
ЦԪһܼâը俪ȥ
ڿеľգѾޱǿᣬۣԱȵǿߣ
ﬣ
Х̶𶯡
ֳֹԪǲһ˸
ۣ
ʮһ˱նѪȾء
׽ûرĽУǣ׽ÿһжǰԵףʱ֮ԶԵ
סߣ˻Ϻһɱ
ȵǿʼδʵԶԶõ鱨صĳ̶ȡڣĪѾʮ˱նҲܲʧˣЩǿߣɶĪҵľӢ
˵䣬ǰѹ졣
Ī໥ӣԵͷ
ãСģ
˵
ʣµ⼸Ȼ˼±㿪ʼˡ
ߣ
Ц
˲ˣЩɱôֻɱؾ
ಣ
ǲһչԽ꣬Ԫתն¡
֮
Ż䣬ܼɫ֣ѹ¡
ҽɲǼԿϵ似ĽУոպĪУ˱ᴩ
һĻŭնŤˡ
䣡
гһ貹âɱ졣
Īش似еȣѹꪷ
ȥ
ȡ
Ԫ𶯣Ԫݺն¡
Ԫ໥ײһͬʱˡ
ź֮ƣŲһ֮һնĪһ˵ͷ­ն¡
ͻأһѶذᴩԪ͵
ۣ
עԪĶذˣֱһĪǿߵĺס
תۼֱɱˣոŤˣɫŭХһľųԶߡ
̧ȣűߵһݺ˳ȥ
ݣ
ƿ˵ĺأֱӴ̴ࡣ
ֻʣһˡ
ƫͷꡣ
ʵϣͬһЩ˶ͬǿҪǿ˲٣ϧЩ˱չĲ׽˵սɢȻһͿء
г𶯣첻κԥ׽һչѹꡣ

Ŀѣֳꪹɱ졣
Ԫײ
̡ͦ
ۡ
ԪƷΪȻǷޱȣ˵Ҳˣɴ˿ն֮ϣȴֻһۡ
𣬿ѹꪷϺ졣



ײܣһľش
תۼ䣬˻ƴ˰ʱ
۷壬Ȼ򵥣
찵
̧ͷɨһ۲񷣬ɫҪװɫ΢֪ˣԪѾĵ߰˰ˣȥԻܲһŶ꣬һԪͻأʧŻʯС
΢ɫݣʲô
Ŀƣָϣʱʧɫʯ䣿Ϊǿߣʯ䲢İĪҾһöʯ䣬ΪĪҵĴֻмʸ㾹䱦
־ϲϵ֮ɫʧһ̰顣
һöʯ䣬ֵǾ˵ĸߣ
ǳª
Ц
΢΢ӣȭͷǲһչꡣ
˶΢΢һ
漴¶֮ɫԪ𣿣ֿȭҲҳ죬Ӷꪣѹꪷ£Цãɱ֮ʯҵˣò˵һľϲ
䣡
ѹꪷ߶ĸǿһɿ粻ɵþ
ʱͻأԾ𣬽ŵȭͷɿȭΪƣա΢ϡ䣬иֳһԪ񽣡
֮
ĸ£ݵһһѪ
껹ŻꪵĶȻȴֹסˣһĿѪǰѪҺϴӿ
ΪΪ
˶촽һڵϡ
ҲףΪʲô޽ȴᴩĺ
ض£ʬ壬תȥ
һУԽý裬ȥ
ƮڿС
޽նĽǿһУǿơ
뿪طѰһ֮أöԪ󣬿תļһսԪĹˡ
ˣ
âתֱȥʱվԪָ
ϦѾ£ٹãҹͻִء
øϽ߳ȥ
찵
վѰһ򣬿ٱ߶ȥ
Īҷ˺ڰɭֵгڲ٣ܲΪԭһֱںڰɭУ֮ǰΪ׷뿪ȴǲһˣֻҪСĿڰɭֱԵѰӳȥ
ʯкۣĪ˽ڰɭַĺأۻҲ𵽴ãϾĪȻƴ󣬵Ҳʽڰɭֵÿһ˰ɣ뵽΢΢Щʯȡۡ
ﬣ
ʱϣһལ£֮
ʧɫæˣܳȥԶոȡĺȴǱʵķ飬Ӷû¡
С֣ҵˣ
һԲ
̧ͷֻһֻ޷޷ϺȻվòƵˣһǾ丮ĳϣĪ
ˣ
ɫ˿ͣٳźڰɭȥ
û뵽ĪȻˣǣĪҾȻо޷ԴĪǿߣԲǶ֣ĪߵǸˣҲ³˭ղǴҴһɨ䣬еĳ֮ɫҲ֪˱ضĪɭĸףĪҼĪ
ݴĪ֮Ī졣
һأһأǾ


73 漣֮
гأɨһպ̳ȥ
ˣʤ㣬Ψһģֻӡ
մʱ䣬ܼĽն£ͬ½ꡣ
ܣľһ̮Ǳ
һ·ȥֹȥƬ̧̣ͣͷգ޷ĴųȻǲٿ죬Ҳ첻ڸ߿еķݣϾλò̫ʹھơ
һʯϣա
Ӱôˣ
¡
Ī죬һ˫۾ɭȻ飬пľ
첻ԲֻǶŸ߿գκζھ޷׷ǱӶݣ˿վŲãܹʡ
޷һٴն¡
ǲڲĿռתλãһ⡣
СҰ֣
Īɫ
Īٶ죬ɭٶ³˴
ȥɱ
Ī
Īͷȥɣ㶯ʡ
Ī죬һԾӽʮɸߵԾ£ȵڵ档
һǿ߹ȻȻܴ˸ߵĵطԾ¶¡

Īأһֱӻ죬СУ޲ʳѪ⡣
ǿߵһƣƼ򵥣ȴ
ǲವһ㿪Īһơ
̧ͷգĪվھ޷ļϣ˫֣ĮĸǷɣǳأĪѹȻСҲΪĪվڸ߿գݳ˵ҰͲܡ
һٴ㿪Īһơ
Īɫδ죬΢һУʱһϡ䣬ĪָҲһöָ
ʯ䣡
ﬣ
̶ĽХһʱĪһӳնƬ⡣
𾪣ĪһԿȫΪľ֮ˣȡԪ֮նޱ߽â
䣡
ཻһʱɣؿһۣһѪˮ˳
ǿߣס
ûԥؿڣźһ󣬿ٳȥĪӲһԷĽƾشֻоλ˰㡣
СҰ֣Ӳˣȡͷ­Ҷǰ
Ī
첻Բһ·ӣǲʩչ£ʼĪһ롣޷ǿ棬ɵٶȣǿΪȡ
ʱϣһƬâ䡣
Ī죬
ĪĪǿصΪԸѹԵģȻ޽նĽâȴɿֲס
裬òת䷽
ﬣ
Ī˹ѹ£ǰ
ʧɫԪؿڡ
һĪĽնڹԪ֮ϣгʱ۶ϣȻˣһɴȴͨԪݵϣɡײһľϣ췢һƺߣһѪˮ˳

еĶϽĪ죬ɫ
һΣĪٴγһϸ֮£ȴǱеĹԪ¸ȻһƷ
ֻǴҴһɨжʱӳء
վžҵʹźڰɭָȥ
濹⣬Ƕ֣ΨٶӶݣһЩֲޣмֻĻᡣ
ӣע·µţ
Ī
һ·ߣһһתú󣬸Ӧļ޵Ϣ
һͷľɣļ۷ޣǿߣ
һҧ׼Ƭڣһն˹ȥ
ľŭ𣬳˳ĵ涼ڲ
ת䷽ǣľɣĪȥ
ﬣ
һ쵽¡
۵һľɵᴩһҽк󣬵ڵվ
Īվھ޷񼹱ϣɫĮ
һ£Ī̫ǿˣļ۷ޣһж

Ī׷ϣһն
ԹԪ࿹⣬ٴκɡ
ⴴײһϣӿѪˮȾؿڡ
ĪƷһһ
Ӱӣ
Ī
ˣ콫Ԫ֣ĪʱȻԾʩչ׽̼֮쳹ķ
׽޷񼹱ϣĪɫһΪ丮ĳϣȻ֪׽似û뵽С־ѡ似һžѹĪ
׽Ǿ丮ѵ似ȻʼǳΣգȻȱʧ߳ɣȴû˵ѡ似޵ȳ̶ȣԼ䣬Īоһ˿вС֣ζҪ
䣡
ХУԪһ
Ī˫ָ·Į粻áĪأΪȫصʩչĲ׽
ߣ
ĪߣгɨԪ
һײһ
Хɫ绡֯ž졣
ʱ¶һƲ̵Ц
̧һɾĽɢ֮߶£һĿĽķǰֱ׼Īĺ
޽ý裡
Сģ
ϣĪɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ĪҲǼðһвУĪ࿪ͬʱس񵲡
ۣ
ѪˮĪɣؿڴһƬѪ죬Ѫˮ
ǱĪһˣٴӿѪ
ŵɵĪǿ߹Ȼ£ôľ룬ĪȻ㿪ɱһ˶٣κԥͷܡĪز˿̵ԿɱԷǣϻһĪڣΪԼܹĪƤӵɱĪûϣ
ĪԸ߿Ծ£Īߡ
ܣô
ĪĪ
ûû¡
ĪӿѪܿҪϧȴش
ߵ죬Īɫ
Īȡһö裬Ī£ˣҡ
鷳ˡ
Ī
Īͷվ䵭׷ȥ

һ·ӣߵٺˡ
˿̣ӿѪٶҲ˲١
ﬣ
һâ᳤磬ݿࡣ
һâնһߣͬһըը˰㣬飬ʯƿֱӱɴɣڿоٶȿѪ
ɨһۣһĪ׷ˣ

ݺҧžҵʹһ·źڰɭȥ
Ī׷ʱʱնһһľͬʱҲһѪ̶ۡƬ̼䣬ն鲼嶼ѪˮȾˣҵ㡣
Īٶȱ죬գۼǰһؿڡ
һ쵹ɣݺײһϡ
ӡ
Ī
˫֣ص죬Īȫǽ֮Ū
ԹԪ֧վ
ವһĪǰһɨ
ȣ
컹ڿоͿѪһڵϣͷһ
ٴվģĪĵš
飡
ٴײϣйԪһߣûˡ
Ī˫֣ᣬȥ
ŽƽĪƴվϧվֻͽ͡˿̣ȾѪ߶ģˣֻһͻᴫҵʹʹȴอʱʹио·ѿˡ
ĪߵǰԪѹ졣
ϳΪɭǰնͷ­
Ī
Ī֣̽ѾȴǸá
Īɫᣬڿѹ
ˣ
ʱһɵâӶޱȣȴְԵһĪɡ


74 Ů
ĪɣһڵϣһѪˮ˳
ɫ䣬Ī̧ͷķ
ֻ˿̵챻һŵâ͵Ĺâ£ںһ𣬲ʱһƯСŮ۳Ρ
ǣ
ĪȻһڳһŹ⣬ȻһСŮʮأϾҪʶȻȴδû
Ұģǰͻأһ
ССϡ
촽΢ʺѪˮ˳¡
˿̺ȴɵɴ˫ۡǰСŮֱѰ˺ܳʱ䣬ʼҲСŮȴٴˡ
СŮͷ죬ͫ׶ʱһ
˿̵죬飬ȾѪҪжҡ
СŮ˫ţȹ裬ȥֻʮһ꣬ȴؼ߹ľ顣СŮĿԶĪϡ

С΢֮
̼䣬һɰԵѹǵض£ڰɭֶΪ֮һϵƲƺҲоȿֲϢֹͣ
Ī¡
ҡ
ģֻʮһҵϾ飬Īֻоһ̫ħɽǿֲѹһָ
𾪡
ǸС𣿵ǸӵСŮô£
Ͼ鶢ĪƯĮޱȡ
ʮ˲ó
ٴ
ĪһѪɫ϶֣˻֮
ĪȻ¶ޱȾ֮ɫ
ǰǰ
Ī
ĸоһۿɼĪֻо־嵽㡣
ϾĮĶǰƯͫˡ
һֻ޴צѪɫѷץСһ㣬һץסĪֱѪɫѷС
漴Ѫɫѷ쿦һպϡ
춢һĻֻоԴһ
ղʲô
似
ؼ䣬ôֲ似
⡭ǸСϣ
Ѫɫѷ콫Īû漴պϣ·δֹ
ҲǣǹɰԵѹҲ֮ʧ
ϾתǱ죬Į֮ɫȥʱЦݡ
ӣϾյǰ
Сϣ
ʶ
Ͼ죬Ƭ̺Цǵһôƺҵˡ
죬˵ʲôʵʲôȴ֪ôڡ
ղһĻ̫ˣ
ǲȷ⡭ǰǰǸСŮ
ƺ֪ʲôϾҡ
õ϶ĻشȾϲ
ʱϾͻأ͸
ôˣ
󾪡
һ˿ʶѣղУľˡϾ˵Ӱٱ鵭ۿžҪʧƾͰԼ޸һ¡죬¶һƽЦĶԵټˣˡ
䣬һϾӰʧ
ſڣȴûü˵ʲô
ԭأ쾪ȵ㡣
ǸСϣȻ

ղǹʵֲ̫ˡ
ǵӰֻǣһ˿ʶѡ
ʿﵽʶ󣬻ͷ­ٳһʶӵʶ֮ȴδһ˿ʶȻܻû壬ܹӵǰֲ
Щ㶣κȻҡͷ
뿪
ѵĴʯȡöԪһԶУתļٻָԪͬʱ޸塣ֱȥӺվ׹ԶĹԪⳤ֧壬ųԶȥ
ĪˣĪˣڰɭȴвͨĪӵܣڵĴɲֹۡ
˲ãҲ֪ߵ׼Ҹ֮޸ơ
ͻȻһ޵
ǰһһͷ˳
޶
ɫ
࿰ǿߣǷƽգһƾ֮ܽʱССĶȴв
һһԾ𣬳
ˣ
ѵ̧Ԫǰնȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ƿ֮һ֧ɫʸͷ۵һ붾ͷ­
ҽһڵϳ鴤˼£
һƫͷ󷽡
٣Ƕ
һֳֳ첽˹
н䱸ֱ꿿һ㶣꣬ƺǲǰԿȺеһʱʱԷк
㣬ô

һڣʱǣƣ۵һ飬Щûվȡ
ȥþͲ˵ַס졣˿̵Ĳ״Щĵ˵ǣôģˣɵİ
ҡҡͷԸ˵
첻ԣҲʡ
ˣҽ壬Ƕôƺ
ʵ
룬졣
ʱԶѾвЩˣ֮ǰҲǺͻһġ
죬Ƕ˵ЩأڰɭУΣգʱһΣ
룬С
۾һֲСڵѸУǼթ֮
һЦһ죬Զһͣȡ׸ɾ·ֵܻϡ
ǣү
͵
ܿ죬ȡһ׺ɫ¡
쿴һۣЩǸĵԲ𣿾ǣڱյ֡
Īһвӵڰɭ⣬ܴ⡣
΢㶣漴УСֵԵȡ
߻أܿ죬ȡһ
л
л
СֵܿˡҡͷЦǰСֵܳһȺǶҪ֮ڡ
ǰǶ㵱ʱʵ̫˧ˣҪ㣬ǰ˳ɵꡣ
ȭ
ԶȺ׵׳Ҳ¶͸мЦ
Ц⣬Ĳվ塣
ȡ㵤

͵ͷӻһƿһöָ׸ǴСķ衣
ǶҩЧС
Ц
һлӹСⵤ⣬ڵ״뺦òŴ£һ˶ɱ
ڣһ㻯ʱо˲١
ɫװڰɭֱԵѾԶ׼뿪£Իסݣһ𣬳źڰɭȥ
;쿴һӰںڰɭ˸Īӵܡ
ܿ죬һߵڰɭһڴ
ͣ£ڴĪҵ˷ţһйŻ۵죬һĪ˹ǸѰˣ鷳ժ
һ۷ǿߡ
ͬһʱ䣬ĪӵܶΧ˹
£һ
ʱԱһ׳߳Щ䣬Ī˵
£ֻ롭Īɫ΢Ȼ׳ӻȡһƺǰʱĪ˶ʱɫ䡣˺һĪ˹һЩСĵԲðˣ룡


75 
ЩȣĪ˵̬ȣòһ˵ĴӡȻ棬ȴǲѯʣϾǱ˵˽
׳ջؽƣ幧ĵͷ
߰ɡ

һ˲ƽĪͷ𾴵УԶȥ
ͷǣô
ĪӵСʵ
죡ʵıʣ
ĪҴͷ˳
ѯʵӣʱ˵ʲôˡ
뿪ڰɭ֣ܿ죬߳ǧԶ
ȥѾڰɭֵӰ
Ƕ˵Щ˺㣬Ϊʲô
档
룬Ҳû˵ľ
ԣһ߿ǲҪ
ЦЦҲû˵ʲô
һһ˵Цյǲ
úǰһ
ǶԻطǣûɣ
ʵ
ӸղŵĶԻУ֪촦ڷڡ
뿪ڰɭ֣Ѿûˡ
ǾֱɣǵôӲұߡ
Ц
ͷУΣлˡ
˵ȷʵ˰æˣҪȻĴӺڰɭ߳ƻܼѡ
˸Ƕ

͵˳ЦŵͷŲұȥ
ټ
֣˸
Ŀ뿪ֱԷԶųŷȥ
Ļ˴أص丮סʱϦѾ˯ˣΪ뿪ʱСֽϦûеġ
󴦣תļ
ˣ
ǹ䣬ӿâ͡
ǰĪĪĴˣҩȴҲֻǻָƶѣȬԶǹ˸ֱȥʱٴ˫ۡĪĪֺû˵Դ˿̣ƺһ룬ָ˰˳ɡ
Īң
ĪڵķΪ
վչ½ǣ漴¶
һ죬ںڰɭνǳԾ˿ͷ޸ЩƺûǻصϢ
˫ۣܿ죬˯˹ȥ
գֱʱ֣ѹߵСľһڷż򵥵ķˣȻϦ׼õġЦЦϴˢ극ˣϴһ飬漴߳ס䳡Ŀȥ
һۣԽᵽƬ׼
ɣûУ
ûУ
Ƭ磬˭ȭͷ˭Ƿɣ˭ǿ˭ǵ
󴦣Хڴ˵ء
Сӣˡ
Хк
ǵǰȥ

ÿ£аʱڿԪУۻķ˴Լʱ䣬ʣ죬ܼƶʮĸʱ
УХ죬΢΢Щ죺أСǰֻأȴѾﵽؾ磬ٶʵЩš˶٣Х֮ܿɫ޵Сӣ治ˣȥɡ
лǰ
໹
УϤѹȸϮʱоͷ·÷һʯȳ̶ȵѾȫϤƬŲƽ⣬˶ٺ̧ȿ˹ȥ
ɲǼ䣬оһ˫ȷ·𱻹עˮһ㡣һֺͳοʱһĸоⶼʹ

찵
һһǰʼӦ
ŽʮþλòԶӶ˶ɴ˫ۣͬΪ丮ӣһĻǾޱȡ
죿ȻѾܿˣ
Ǿ츳̫̬ˣ
ҿ͹ԭ޵ʦ֮ǰѾ˵ˣƬߵ츳û˿ϵ
죬¶η֮ɫ
Щ˲ԶȻЩȴǲ⣬һνжܼѣֻǿ粽Ȼǿ粽ĸҲǴˣʹвϮ
оԼڷɿš
Դˣ˿Ҳ⡣
һգʱʱ˳ȥ
Сӣ˵ˣ
Х˸â
ͷǿʱǼˡ
ǿХЦɱԷƱˣҵ۷ʱŸҿȥңһνֻ֧һʱѡ´죬ХЩСӣ˵ǸСһ㶼ԩ㡣
ǰˡ
ǫ
Щգ찵룬Լû˵ԼǲȻХҪץȥоˡ
Хصסϴһ󴦡
ʼ̻ƣ
ҪŪһЩµƣʱ͸Īһݴ񡣡
Ц
ƺ̺ܿãûԥһ쿪ʼ
ļתھƵİ£ܵȫطۣԴԴϵĳӿȥ

ڰɭУĪҵ˻׷䡣
ڣĪѾָӲ졣
ô£׷Сȥ
Īü
ѾȥһһҹûѰĪȴҲʧټ

ԶһĪҵ
ʲô»Żŵģ
Ī
ûҵĪҲûҵĪܲá
丮ڵļӴϢǸ죬Ѿص丮
Īҵӵ
ʲô
Īʱɫգ˴֮ʣĪ׷϶ȥôڣĪʧȴص˾丮ĪʿѾҪ̤ʶӦòܴĪӵŶԣ
ȷСѾص丮
Īɫ
ĪҵһѾѯʹǸ죬ȷʵص丮
ôܣ
Ī־ŭ
£Ī߳ڰɭ֣ѯʷڰɭֳڴĪӵܣϧЩ˶Ӻڰɭ߳
ĪĳһɲĸоȻ
һѰҴټˣؼ壡
Ī
˿̣ĪɫѿĿҪγˮĪҳ徫Ӣ׷ɱ죬ǿĪԸ󣬼徫Ӣ˶ʮˣǿĪʧ٣׷ɱȴƾճ˾丮
ĪоĪұݺݳһǶ⣡

һֹۣȥա
ĪʼղټΪ丮ϣʧղǰ丮ִгϵְ𣬾丮Ȼѯʡ
һ죬ʯĪҡ
ҴмҪȥˣƻķЩӣΪ뿪̫æûܹʱ֪ͨ丮ʵںܱǸ
Ī
Ī壬ھ丮ǰȴǲ
丮ǵ۹£
ʯüҲûʲô
丮񷱶࣬𲻿ƣĪֳǻع飬һʱ֪ͨ丮

ǣһһ
Ī
ʯͷת߳Īҡ


76 ڸѡν
ʯԶĪɫʱĪΪΨһ壬ΪĪ丮ݣصΪһ
ȥټЩ֣ؾѰҴټ
Īȵ
ǣ
ĪҵӵٴһӾӢڰɭȥ
ڣԶĪһ
ʱĪ룬ĪѵǷʲô⣬ôչȥѶÿ뷨ʱĪҡͷǿߣ߼Ҳܶߣôܻᷢ⡣
磬㵽ģ
Ī૵
ž丮ķĪһĪʧ٣ȴǰȻĻص˾丮ĺŨֱһѪ⡣

丮ڡ
һգ丮ĵʮ졣
䣬ǹ׹䣬ԴԴϵĻ۵ס
ڣɫרעȫתļǳอһһĶ졣
ˣ
âĺ֮Խ˳
գ쳤ӭųһ󣬳ſķȥֱĿ΢Ԫʯȡ˳
˲䣬оһս־أЩȡ
սս߼ĸо췭ظ

һ
׽
ͺһһת׽ܸ٣Ӷ
ӽֻоֳľˣӽĶޱȻ˵Ǻţеٶ൱Ҳˣˣȴûͣ£и̣Ҫʼͻ磬Ȼǲܵ¡
һۣʱȥ
ڿϰ׽Ԫƽռĵĸ죬ʴˣǵڶν֧ŵʱȴ̡
߳΢΢˼ڴ
Сӣô£
ХЩ֡
ʱֻɫ΢΢԰ףʱô״⣿
Щ˶첻˼ĵ
˶Х΢㶣漴Ȼڴ似
ǵġ

ХͷǸ⣬ǰЩ꣬Ҳ丮ŵôЧȷʵ˳ʩչ似ٴλصʱ似似Ӳ١˶٣ХֵСӣϴǾ仰ʿɶֹðһȣΪڷܶ壬һŪɳ׾ˡ
ͷлǰָ̡
ȻԼаգХĺ⻹ܸм
صסϢ˼ʱٴڣ̻С
ʱǹĺܿ죬콫ڿһµİʱľ󲻾ãµһµʱ俪ʼ¼㣬ٴνС
һգ丮ʮ졣
ﬣ
Хصת׽ܸ٣һһӳ
νƬѾȫӦٶȺȻԶԶȲ磬ȴҲ㹻ǿˣһХ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ģԽԽӦҲԽǿÿһλӽ䣬ϵĽХк¡¡֮
ٵԾ
˭Ȼ似
Ǹ죡
⡭ʲô似ôѵ似
ôܣԶûдﵽ

ļ¡
ʱоЩˣƣһΣԪ»صʯСһ֣ʱоַǽ˰㣬ÿ
߳ХǴһ
ǰǡ
챻Щڡ
ˣϽСӣҶоʮˡ
Хв׽ʱֳĶʵ̫ˣȻⶼоǵȿֲĽ⣬ֳ˶磬ǻˣʵȫصˮ׼
캹գ֪ХڿЦһ󣬿ܿˡ

ʱһһȥÿհڿĸʱϢĸʱʱþڶļ
ˣ֮ѾȫӦȻ£Ҳ˳ʩչ׽ˣÿһնǿľˡڿ׽ЧʵѾ׽ɡ
ܿ죬չȥ
һ죬丮Уֻо丮Խ
ʮڸӵѡˣһΣҲ֪Щҽڸ
ңڸֻܿʵ
⵹Ҳǡ
丮Сۡ
ȻΪԼо丮ԽԭڸӵѡҪʼˡ
ڸѡ첻뵽ܺƣʱЦ⸮λʱڣܺʩ뺦νնһֱǵõյ£ڸѡ˵ĶĶ֮գ
졣
һϤӲԶƮ
ƫͷֻ泯Сܹ
մһɫȹµ˫β毺õݣС
ôС档
Ӧ
С棿ĥʦ㣡
췭ۣԸ⡣
췭ۣʮڸѡҲǸܺƵĶĶ֮գڵΪʲô̶ˣ
۷塣

۷壡治ţҲŸյأҶˣ
Ļ澪ȵĲУʱѣȻشﵽ۷壡
Ǿ츳Ҳûôɣ
ۡ
û취ôʼ磬棬ȤˣǾ仰ô˵ţνΪʦҲռˣʦͲýˣʦ
ȥ
ݺһš
֮̾
ôˣ
Щ֡
淭ۣϢһϢһϢĸ
죺
Ѿͷһס
Ϣɡ
˵
ϢǣĪʧˡʧ˿һʱ䣬۾丮ĪұҲһ˿ĪټԷ·˼˰㡣ĪԹϢǲܸˣ
ʼĪĪȥˣٽڸѡ丮ԽӷæĪȴʼղټǣʯٴεŰݷã˴ʱĪҲڣֻʵʵ˵ϢҲǴ֪
ȣĪʧˣ
ʧˣѶ
ͷ
ǻȷʵǸϢ
Ц
ĪǿµѪɫ϶Уʬ޴棬Ѷǲǹˡ
棬ֵϢأ
Ʋ죬ܺƿˡ


77 
΢ܺƾȻˣ
⻹ȷʵǸϢ
ĬҲ̫ģһʦ˵ģңܺȻôҲĶɱ֡
ݸᵯĶͷѾͷ
ʱܺƾ뺦úĶĶȻѾԼܺôܶ飿丮˵棬ܺƻ֣һЩСֶȴԻʹã㲻ɱҲŪ
Ŷͷĥʲô
ûʲôЦ˵ģվֻǲѡ
ѣ
ۣԼϢǵĲУһȴһ̬ȣ
Ҳ
֮õġ

㶼ģҵʲô
ӡ
ЦЦΪģǺܸмġ
ˣҪȥĶ
ʵ
ȥĥܡ

󡭡룬ãҲȥһߡ
ú󴦡
Сˡ
쵽Хк
죺
Դϴʩչ׽ХХĳƺͱˣһһСա
С
涢죬һӡ
Σ˵ʲôˡ
Х˵쳯ſȥһС
鷳Ĵ󡣡
ֹȻΪأϾŮӣһЩӴѹȸܲ
ԵͷҲǺ£ǲȻƾʲô߱һЦҪõʲôܵøʲô
Ĵ죺벻һﻹ˵ôĻ
ѾͷУԼǸʲô˰
ڶ˶ɣͲ˵ˣ棬ѾأԲʲôңҲһνСܿ죬߹һξ룬Ľ紦
ԹԳǰȥ
ι
ס
΢㶣ָǱȥ
ǱȥۣǿûصΪȥǰûܣ
丮ʼһֱţôһδεӵĸӦҲһЩܽ˳ҲصΪܿ룬ѳӴѹδضǿпɼ𻵡
ģзִ硣˵꣬˹ȥ˼󣬻ͷ棺ɡ
Щÿ춼ķʱУѾӦ
㡭
ۣһŵı顣ʱжԼѣǿԽܣڣȥȻһı飡
ʼ磬ҪҪһԣ
Ҫ
һڻؾŸյأȥ
ЦЦҲ⣬ΪڣûдʯȡԪϾʯⶫ̫ϡ۸ԣҲһʮҲ򵽣ûش
һۣĸʱȥ
߳󣬻ס·ϣ񿴹졣ΪȻѾڿжˣЩ֡
ɻǺ̫࣬Ҳ꣬ܺǶ֡
Ʋ죬ȣһһˢ£ɾˣ徳վһ޴ǵ죬ʿʤǿߣûһ˿ܡ
Сȴú
Ҫ꣬һָ
˵
淭ۣ˵ֻˣ
ʵʵ˵ѡ
Ц
ʱѾȥܾãһڣֱΪʮڸѡδҲȥ׼һ¡
صסϴһ뷿Ϣ
ʱ֣ʱ𴲣󴦣̻С
ʮ󣬴ҿأδزȡʤ
찵
лһĨ⣬һʼ
֪ܺƿ֮ٻǸоһ˿ѹļʱǰ󣬶ǷĿ̻ƣ֮ļǰÿֻʹһƣÿΣ
תۼ䣬ȥ
ϢͳԷ⣬ʱ޿̲С
һ죬ҹʱ֣ڶ󴦣ǹ׹䣬ķӿȫ֮УκʱҪŨ
˫ۣüͷɵ
˿̣อʹͻأǿġ
ģ̲סƺߡ
ʹ
ҧ
ŨǳǣֹȥӺڴ֮¡¡
ʱԽо˾ҵʹ

ˣ
ɫâƣԽԽŨ
ˣֹȥʱѾҪԳȷ˵ʹʱڵķ֮øӿ񱩡
䣡
һɰӿ֣ڵÿһ䡣
ҵʹʧڴϢֱȥʮǿ˹վֻоӯ΢΢ȭ䣬øǿ
أ
Ըһ£¶âĿܹ̿ķѽٸƣڿ죡
췢֣䣬ǰˡ
ϢѾ֧Ŵʱ
徳Ҫߵͷˣ
ٴתļ췢֣Ѫ⣬ǣ࣬λԪһѭڣʹԪøӻѪҲŨࡣ
أս˴Լ찵
лһĨâٴϥ£תļʼصΪͽ޼ҪΣĲҲ̫ȣһ㣬ԣÿν湮̾硣
ܿ죬ǳ䣬¡
Ӷ£طϢʱֱʱֲ򵥳˵㶫쳯ſȥֱʼ׽
ﬣ
̶һʱ֮ʮ
⣬ХſڲȻӰΪϴνһΣԣֻ֪죬ʱһСƺֱǿˣǡ
ХѾ֪˵ʲô
ڿĸʱĸʱʹԲ׽Ӿ
߳󣬻صסϢƬֿ̺ʼļ
ʱ䲻ˣһۣҲȥˡ
ʱ켸ڿжȹ˵죬Ѿǿı׽еѾȫڻͨÿһӳɿ弶е似ǿľˡ


78 
峿أ£Ũ
ˣ
һ죬һ쳹丮þò
ڸѡʼˣ
סȻҲоâһԪʯȡں󱳣Ϧ˵㳯䳡ȥ
䳡ʱѾΧˡ
Щ˲ǶμڸѡεĵӣΪڸѡҪ߱һʸΪٵ죬ֻһ㣬ɨ´󲿷ֵӣ٣½İ丮ӣֻôʸڸѡΡ
ʴˣ˵Щˣ󲿷ֶۿѡι̡
εڸѡΣ˵óĽܷʢۺϳɼһƺһö񵤣ص̷󣬿ֱӿ
ɣȵҩóԱ˾ȣ丮Ѫ
ε⸮г˲ţ丮Ȼӣ˵⣬һЩܲڸӵֻˣ֪ܳΪٮٮߡ
ΧһʱУûвʸһĽвʸڴͼ
֮ˣΪڸ⸮ž޴𣬼򵥵˵ڸɵõԴڸҲǶ丮ӵһֿ϶һܹڸ丮߳ߵġ
ЩҲһ
񵤣

ɴֱӴﵽ񵤻ǾˣԱȾ赤мֵһ룬оâ˸ҲЩڴ񵤣ȡãǿֱӿˣ
ͬһ㣬ܣٵҲ񵤡
񵤰ֱӴشﵽҪܵõⵤҩͺˡ
ڴ
ˣҪΣĲ˵񵤣Ѿڶˡ
ڶʲô˼
Ǹܺƣ֪ɣ˵Ѿ˶òμӣֱӽڸһ񵤽Ȼġ
ʲôѾ
ľ
丮ѾʷʷУ⸮ʹﵽˣһֶֻĹܺδڸѾﵽܲ˾ȣϢ丮Ӷɴ˫ۡ
ʱԱɻ󣬵⡭Ѿٽ񵤽ܺƣ˷ˣ
˷ѣôܣ֪һö񵤵ļֵܺƵõ񵤺󣬿õױȥɽҲңֵһƷˣ
⡭
Ʒߵս˳ɣ
ܺƿ㲻μӿˣ丮ҲὫ񵤽Ӧûĸ丮ӻ顣
ô˵ɻǾЩ˷ѡǽ񵤽ĵӣ񲻸ãٶ丮һ£ܶһӡ
丮Ҳû뵽ڽڸǰʹﵽɣѾѸҲˡ˵˷˷ۣҪľ˷ѣ˼սֻҪʤˣȻˡ
սǿߣǲҲ˵˵ѡ˵ˣأؿңңڡ
֪ͺá
Уһ
Щ˵Ļ΢ܺƵĶĶ֮ڸѡʱսܺƣ񵤣ˣ
ʱԶȺдһɧΪ׵һһϮ£
ܺƣ
˾ȣÿһ
⸮һˣһΪ϶ֳη֮ɫ
ܺ߻һˣ£Ǳʤ
̧ͷܺƺʤӶʱ
ˣѾĺ
ƺоĿ⣬ܺƳ֣˶٣ܺЦϴε⸮ֱߣĳίʵ˺ܳһʱ䣬ְȻվʵںο
ο쵭Цôʧء
ôᣬ˵Цˡ
ܺɫ䡣
۴ܺƣܺϵϢȷʵЩһ־޴ѹȸУȷʵѾ
ܣע⵽¶ɫ
Ǳ˭ȻܺǸܺ˵ϻ
㶼֪
˺ܳ
ϻ˽죬츳˵һǰ⸮λǾ⸮ڶ֮ܺ£Ǹʱ˼ҽ丮һ£
ôǿ˵εڸѡܽڸˣ
пܣȻԶԶȲܺƣɽڸ߳ɼʡ
⡭
𺳡
ЩϵɫѿһȻѹͷȥˣ
ȻЩȴ˿Ҳ⡣
ƫͷʤ쵭Ц˵ϴںڰɭӦýҵټõ˲ٺôɣ
Ҳ˵ʲô
ʤ
𣿡ֵ֮ǰںڰɭѵûںڰɭֵϢ߸ĪңҪ֪ҺĪԹĪҵ˿ǧټɱţϢ߸ĪңӦûõһʲƵıꡣ
ʤһҪС֮ĶȾ֮ʤأмȥĹĪҵȥڰɭ׷ɱ㣬ûаϵ
Ŷô֪Īȥڰɭ׷ɱˣҲû°ɡۣ˵ĪҼȥڰɭ׷ɱңúʤһ
ҡ
ʤʱɫѿ
Ц֮أ
ʤһɱ˫С
ӭȱʤɵһ̲סȥ
ʱ䳡ڣһ
ˣ
ȵһ
ټڸѡεĲߡ
쳯Դȥһ̨̨ŸոմΪڸӵѡ׼˶Ÿ̨ȥ
ܿ죬ÿտ
ɨһʤת뿪
֣һȡܺȴǲô⣬ס죬Ц˵ǰµĶĶ֮սӦûǰɣ
ֹסŲͷܺƣ˫΢΢
Ƭ̺΢Ȼǵú
ǾͺáܺЦôⳡԣͶڸȷ־Σ
춢ܺƣκǵЦŨȴǴżа죺ɣ뵽һȥˡ
£ֱתŸ̨ȥ
ԶȥıӰʤһ
Сӣ̫ˣ
ʤȭͷ
ŵˣãα֮
ܺЦ
ʤһ㶣٣˼ǣ
شʤĻܺɴЦҸղŲ̽ˣΪ졣
ʲôôܣ
ʤһ丮Ѿһ࣬ҲŸոضѣ丮¶ѣȴȻѾﵽ죡Ȼ
ڵʵӦܹڸ
ܺɹЦ
ʤȣܺϵЦ⣬¶֮ɫСĵ٣ǸЩףܹڸƺʲô°ôôȥܸ˵ӣ
ڸӵȷԼڸ˭˰ɡܺɹЦȴһĨ֮ɫʱͻȻĳл᲻һ˲ã綼ڰˣ


79 
ʤһܿȻ¶ϲ漴ֱ
ʤܺƵĻȡڸ󣬾ܺƵĶԾ֮ʱѾǰԼڶԾУܺƲǴɱ죬Ǻ£ܺڴһֶ
ۿžҪ˳ڸݵλǰ;һƬƽ̹ʱھ²УڶԾǸǺεȵĲʺͺڣ
׹Զֱӵµ˾ʤЦ٣
ܺĿĮҿϵҲҿѰ·ʱݺ죬һʵѾ쳹˺ƤǰʱЩڣʤĸǰѾʲôˡ

䳡̨еӶڴˡ
һ죬ڸѡʼ⸮еˣȻڸҲ˸ϵһۡϾڸѡ֮⸮˽ڸ˽պľ֣ǰչ޺
̨£ȺԼʱ

һԸ̨£Ⱥܿ찲
ڵǸˣɨһڵӣżڸѡĻҾͲ˵ˣֻ򡣵һΪﵽ߿ɲѡΣڶо߱ʸˣߣڿڵ֧ʱﵽһʱߺϸ񡣡
ڸ߻ںϸˣͬʱ̨ⷽϽ޲϶Ծµʤɽڸ˵ۺ߿˵λߵλɿʯм¼
˶٣˵֮ˣΪ⸮Ѿһ˴ﵽԲò뿼ˣȷΪۺϵһȻʤвߣ˷սʤһԵλ⣬Ϊ˹ƽвѡεĵӣȫֻʹͨ
˵Ļ£ȫʱȻ
Ȼģ˿
⸮ܿ⡭£
˵ʲôʤˣĿսˣ˭ô׳գΪȥսǿߣ
ǡ
Ҳ˵ⳡѡΣֻǵڶˡ
̨£ٵСֹ
ʱһɿ
̨ϣ˳丮ࡣڸѡôҪӣ丮ĳȻᵽ
ɫƽͣڵӼ򵥵λף˳£ֱӲ⣺ڣѡʼо߱ʸĵӣǰߡ
ǣϣ
̨£ʮӦ
丮⸮ˣʵﵽһʮˣܿ죬ʮ˵Ĵ£νڸǰΪһ޴ɽߣڲǲһۺԷ󣬷󸲸˴ԼԲʮɵķΧ
ȥһߵʯ
ߵλʯɣȻзڵĵӵĿ˳ɼ¼λ
찵
߾ݴС͵Ŀһ޴ĻɱɣȻǸеĵѹȣѹʵٶȣɱ󣬼ǻûһЩ˵ӡȻɱ󲻻ɱеĿ˵ӣֻǵ˵ӱɱ󣬾ͻᱻԶͳߣ֮λʯڵ֧ŵʱ䣬Լɱ޵ĵȼΪ׼ۺλ
ǰߣҲȡ
ǰʮѡε⸮ӣ˶սȭͷ
ˣ
챻£Աߡ
棬㻹ˣ
죬ȷʵʸμѡΣȴ֪Ѿͷ֮μڸѡֻŬѣͬϴε⸮λһ㡣ڸνԴԼڸӸ輺ҫ͵λʲôģ沢⣬ϾĹŵӣһ㹻ˣݵλڸܺ丮ϵĹŵȣ
ʲôд֣᲻˵ˣ
ĥ
죺
ʱɿһڵӡ
ڣǿԽȥˣߺ֧ʱﵽһʱߣΪһֿ˼񣬷֮һʱڱͳ˼Ϊʧܡɨһʮӣ˼֣ˣȥ
ǣ
ڵٴӦ
ֻһͥԶԶȥڹ⻪˸һظС
ߡ
˵
ͷһ𣬻˽ȥ
ʼһߣʱоһ漴лĹ˸΢΢һ㶣ŷ֣һ治ˣʮֻһˣⷽռڣˣҲ޷ĳ
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬ռٱ䣬ĸоһ
һˣ
Ըܿ㷢֣֮䣬ԣʲô£ȫжȻˣսǻᱻѹһЩϾﲻ硣
һХǰһͷ޽۶
ǻɱûޣ

ͷޣһ۱˶ԷĵȼΣΪһͷޣֻǿѡ
һ
ɱǹʵ
΢
޳ܹоԷĺ޸ʵ塣
˼䣬Ѿ嵽ǰ
ԥ̧һ֮նΪΡеĳ丮ڿǰŶ£һͨĳ뿼˵ĵҲַͬȼıС
ն޺쾲ԭأûκζ
һ̣һХһΣͷ۶ңͷ޶Ƕ۷Σǿߡ
𣡡
һ£ͷ޳Χ
ȻʵǿصΪͷޡͷ޳춯һӳ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
գۼ䣬ͷޱȫնɱ
Ȼһвûоʹ˽նɱͷ۷޺󣬸ƾ۶ʮͷÿһͷڶ۷壬׺ޱȡ
Դˣɫܴݡ
𣬽䡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪҺƬ谵Ŀռɽܿ죬ʮͷޱһһնɱ
ôУɱݻޣȼߣ࣬ԴϿıߵԪܣգ߻Ԫľɱʵ㱻ɱ֮㱻ͳȥ찵뵽޵ȼԣӦòļ޳֡
Ϊ˴⸮ѡγڸӶ裬⸮ӶΪʴˣȻļ޳֡ܺǵ⸮ʹﵽˣ˸ò뿼ˣֱӾͿɼڸ
˼ʱ˵ĺХ
ǰһͷ鲼ۼ׵޸֣Ѫ죬ˡ
һͷеޣء
Ȼ

ûԥӶгһն޵ĺ


80 ĸʱ
ۼһβʹĵɱ죬Ȼٶ̫ˣֻһʧг˳ն޵ĺ
ۣ
޵ͷ­ɳѪҺӿ
һնɱеޣҲǺ¡
ڵ죬ʵ
𣡡
ŭХٴһΣʮͷе۶
Ⱥгת屶磬һݺᣬÿһ׼ȷޱȵĹһͷ޵ĺ
һɱ
ʡʱʡ
ΪҲпڣʴˣԪٶҪԶ죬һ㣬ԣɱʱĶԺмɣʡ;ڣͨƹɱûʹһ似
ܿ죬նʮеޣƬռʱƬ̡
ɣҲֻƬ̶ѡ
ԼһХǰһӰӰһϮۣͬ˵е㣬̲סͷƤ顣
۷ޣ
ˡ
ۡ
ͬĦһ˫ͬ۰Ѫ죬һ˻£˹
ֻǻӰȴǸоһɱ˵ĺ
΢΢¶ף棬ųĺ
ɱ븮ʱĻþɲһ˵߶õģվЩ𣬻þĻֻˣ־ᶨվŲлӰʧɱȴǲһǲֻֿǱɱͳߡ
ڣһצӳץ
Ҳʱ춯ˣ
ݣ
һ죬漴һҽУһĵѪС
㣬һ㣬֮ǰʱ֪ˣΪﵽأսȫ޾οն似֮
¡¡
ĻζƬռأ
漴ǰͷ۷ޡ
ɣ

£漴һչ˷
֪УʱѾȥʱʱȺеӱдͳЩͳ˴ɫ԰ף漴į뵽ȺС
ЩˣǱɱŴͳȻվһʵомܲ־壿ȻҲЩˣɫ΢ףȴ־塣
̫ˣսоǱһʯȫעˮ㣬ֶ鷳ң޲ǡѣ
˱Թ
Щ˶ϵӣΪ죬ڿĥ¹ȴֻڶȻߵ̶ȴǱȶҪǿһͻȻȥЩ˺ܲϰߣټЩ˲ڱʵսۺʹЩ˺֧Źһʱ
һۣһʱȥ
һʱ䣬ʮӣȺжʮ˱ͳ
ʮ˽ȥжʮ˺ϸҲ㲻
ͷ
ʯЦ֪ǸСһ֧Ŷãڴ
һ
൭Ц
վԶߵķ
뿼˵ĵ޷磬ҲһڵĳʯվһֻǶŵķΪһĿ˵ӱɱ㶼ᱻŴͳ
ȴʯ˿̣Ҳڿš
ڶأͨˡ
ܺϹЦ
ֻǣЦ£ȴ֮⡣
ʱѾͬʱͷ۷ޣЩ޶ڳ΢΢ӣгһʹ似֮
֮
һܼĽʱ֡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ͷ۷ޱնȫѪС
ɫ΢һĵԪʱ˲١
΢һֽԭء
ҪӽʡԪ
찵
˵һܿռһΣʮͷ۷޸֡

⣬һһӱͳ
ʱ䣬Ѿȥһʱ
ϸĶʮУѾʮ˱ͳֻʣ¾ˡ

Ǳͽ棬㳤˰ɣ
ʯЦ
ЩΣʲôѾͷƽհЩҾˡ
˵Ц䣬˱ͳ
˿̣ﻹʣˡ
ѽ
һ
汻ͳ죬ӣȻܵ˾ȡ
һĻʯ̲סЦѾͷǽˣɱǸоɲܡ
ҡͷѾͷΪʲôһΣܹû
Ҳǡ
ʯͷ
ʱǰܿ죬˱
ʣˣ⸮ĵĻ⸮ޣ졣
ܣеʦۡ
˵޾ˣ⸮ʱ䣬ίʵЩô̵ʱȻŵ⸮ڶ߼ôá
츳ܲ𣿡
˵ҲǣϾǾ츳
˽Եͷ
˶ߵķ򣬺ܿ죬޺ͻȺ󱻴
ֻʣһˣ
˵
˴˿̣ڵӽߣǡùȥʱ
Ǹ죡棡
еʦ
涢ߵķƲǸСŽ丮¶ѣȻˮ׼ѾȫȫԽúơ
Զʯජǰ΢΢˫ۡ
ʯ˵Сӻ֧Ŷã
ʵ
ʯ룺Сһ츳ʵӦû֧Űʱɡ
ҡҡͷܾã֧Ÿá
ãڰɡ
ʯ죬˵컹֧ŰʱʵҲΪкøУԶԤЩʱ䣬Ȼ컹֧Ÿá
ҲôһָоǿŰɡ


ڣ챻ʮһͷ۷Χ룬ϢѾ΢ʱնɱ˲ޣΪڶ屶սڵԪŵķǳأѾ˴룬ˣɫȴʼճȡ

ʮһͷ۷ޣ
ƺоƣʮһͷ۷ŭĳ
һŲһܿһͷ޵ĳײַһתݺݹ޵üġͬһʱ䣬ӣܿһͷ޵ĹȺݺ߳һͷ޵ɣܱ飬ֱ
׽
ͺһһХʱ쳹ʮ
׽Եףض
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
еĽ·֮ĶҲÿÿһӳضһͷڽ¡
ܿ죬ʮһͷޱնɱ
ֻǣһ𣬸۶
첻ܣֱӭϡ
վһԣͬҪͬǿ󣬱ϾǻԶ޿ɱȣټϻɱݻޱʵʵҪһЩ֧ŵڣնɱޡ
Ȼ˵ͬ߱ǿһֻЩδεޣЩѾγɹޣǾͲһˡγɹޣҪͬʿǿ󣬶ңǿĲһǰ㣡
ܿ죬ǰʱȥ
ʱ컹δ
⡭
ǰʯЩˡ
ô˵İɡ
Ц
ʯҡҡͷЦǰ
ʱһһţܿ죬һʱȥ
˴˿̣⣬˶¶ɫԶܺڡ
Ѿȥĸʱ컹
ôܣҲвصĵӽߣҲֻ֧ʱѣĪŶ⡣죬Ȼڻ棡
еʦ𾪡


81 ս
ĸʱˣȻߣ
丮ļ¼ֱˢˡ
ʯЦ
Ծ丮ʼǵһ츳һ״ڿоʹ˽ʱһ丮¾ʹﵽأһصΪ֧ŵĸʱһϵбˢµļ¼ʯԡ
ʮ
п
⣬˶סˣۿˣĿɿڴһЩڸš
Զһɽվżڸǿߣ˿̣˵ɫЩء
һˡǽɣ

츳һν֧Žʱһβ⸮ڵڶ븮´ﵽأѾĸʱܿ£
ضڸңڸҲǸС
ڸͳ
˿̣վ⼸Աߣͻо⼸˸ΪϵϢޱȸոտܺǿࡣ

ʱڴϢΧʮͷ۷ޣɵһЦ൱ʮصǿ߰
ʮվһӻѪ죬̣ԸһĸоЩ϶һɿµɷʮͷ޾һǵɷͱøŨҺͿ£һߣƻûսͿʼļηˡ
һڿƣֱܡ
ʣһԪֲ˶ˡ
찵
һ𣬿һͷ޳˹һͷԳɣźʵİëе⣬һĸо
žԳռ䶼ڻζɼԳжǿ
һ𣬾Գһצӳ
ԪʣһɣԵ棬ŲһܿԳһ˳ǰһԾ𣬽гԳĺ
ۣ
ųһѪˮ˳
죬һۼ׵βͳ
г񵲣һ˾ֱɣ漴һͷ۷ѾֱſѪڣ˺ҧڵݣƾһͷᱻֱҧ顣
˿ڿУҽһ̤ڿأĸı䷽
ڶصǲ
ۣ
ܿ޵Ĵڣޱ侲һؿڵࡣ
޲ҽһĵѪ
ڵϣ촭ϢĸԪѾҪľ屶£ожʼóٻеĳ֪ʲôʱޱȳء
ܣǲϢʱ䡣
ʮһ˵ɷ֯һľ
ҧȺ˸һδαܿ޵Ĺ
ۣ
ʯ䣬еĳնһţĸѪˮ䡣
ʱܣĹѹ
צ
β
Ѫڣ
ʮһ𹥻ȻǿҲЩƣӦԡ
ݣ
ƿ֮һ鲼ɫ̵β˲俿
ˣ
ɫ
ܼĹһԱܿ
һ鲼ɫ̵βĺ󱳣ʱ䣬ֻһɴļϣʱ̲סȳһѪͬһʱ䣬о󱳻ʹƤѾѿͷѺۡ
۷ޣ
찵
ʱܣٴӿ
һ޵צɭɭȻץ죡
һ޻ף͵ĳ
һѹֻǰð亮⣡
Цƻ湻׳ۣǿ˶÷ݰɣ

ȵ
࣬ɷǿȴǺη塣
þη壬ôǰ
ɱ
һȣֳ˹ȥ
â˸ʩչ׽һնܴ֮ǿľˡȻУҲǱ޻һѪۣܿ죬˶ѪȾˣģҡ

ĸʱˣСһﾹȻûֶܼã
඼ЩĲˡ
֪ʯҡͷǾâеˣǾ츳඼ݣ׹ҲǷëǵš丮һӣ۹֪ý¶ٷԴϵȱ£
ô˵ǣ

丮ɱ׵۹£רΪ۹ѡκţ񣬾丮һӣ۹֪ȻˣҲ丮һ󹦼պ챻ʳǵĵ۹Ժ۹ض丮ٽ
˻ʱĹһζһӰ˳ƽȵڿһƽ̨ϡ
죬ˣ
ʯ
طǳ˿
ĸ롭ʱ
죬ֻһʮѣȻ丮¾ʹﵽأ֧ĸʱֱǹ
ˡ
𾪹ֻ¶Ц
ԶʤܺվһɫѿС֣Ȼ
ʲôܺǶڵķЦڣͷϵĹ⻷Խ࣬ú󣬾ͻˤĸҡ
ʤ΢㶣漴оâһ˵ǣҲֻڶѣǿߵĶ֣úܺƵĶԾڣ
٣
뵽һ㣬ʤЦ

ƽ̨ϣѾѹʮͷ۷Χƴȫնɱ˾ͷ޺ǽԪľ۷ްʮ̹ᴩ󱻴˳
ĸоǺⰡ
찵
ɫ΢΢Щ԰ףɱȻǻ󣬵ǵĸоȴޱȻҲɵһĲҲʹøӼᶨĸоеڶΣԣҪŬĸǿ
졣
˹
ЦЦӵվ
оô
ʵ
УЩƣ
Ц
սĸʱȻֻЩƣǾ˵ĸʱʱ䣬һﵽô֧Źģ
룬ȤƷðɡ
ȥġбһۣӻȡһöݹȥǻԪϽ»ָԪ
ԪԪһ߿ٻָԪԪЧȴԪȣϾԪֵʮһöһöԪ㹻ͨ˼ˡȻԪֻµдЧϵʹⵤҩҲãЧȴǲôˡ
丮ṩָԪĵҩ
Щ졣
淭ۣϾҪһֵĻսڣҼԪľˣȻָҲһʱܵôʱ䣿ôȥһȶ͵ϵȥˡ
Ȼ⵹Ҳǡ
һ룬丮ԣʮöҲ㲻ʲô
Ҳԥ쵱»ԪֻգۼѣоһůľԪһ˵ٶȿʼָ


82 ʮսһ
Լʱ䣬оڵԪޱȳӯѾȫָ˹
ԪЧ治

ʱڸѡε˴ɿ
ϸˣ죬ޡһʮ֣ˣ̨ϼϡ
죬ʮУȻû֡
ûͨߵĿˣӦð
档
Ȼͨˣҿǵĸͳˣ
ߵ
ô
ˡ
ֻսȨˡ
ȨŹֵ㲻ȥˣ
ιô˵أĥ漴ߵϾиʦŹʱҲͷ˹⣬ԾͲȥͱڸԴˣң丮ڵĸҲϲ
캹գ˵϶ܻʤڸƵġ
˵ʲô
ŭ
˵ܸУ롣
Ŀڡ
⻹࣡ˣȥɡ
ͷŸ̨ȥ
ܿ죬һϸ̨
̨ܿ㣬ķΣԼƽķΧͬʱ˻սʮˣȻ˿⡣˿̣ʮվڸ̨ϣ໥Щ裬ǻսˣԼĵˣ
վڸ̨ϣ˴صĺ
ܽŰɡ
찵
˿̣˶׼ãֻһ£һֻսɿʼ
̨£ٵ붢̨ϵĶʮˡ
ʮˣվ̨ϣ֪ĸʤ
Ǹ죬û⣡
ǸޣҲӦҲпʤ˵ƴޣҲѾﵽء
Ǹ棬ϣڸȴȻȨˣֵͦġ
ʲôС೤ϵĹŵӣ㲻ڸҲȱԴʱСȨȥʮڸӦֵҵ𾴲Ŷԣ
˵ǡ
˵ǸղЩϧˣûɱӦҲﵽˣϾ֮ǰ۷壬һ⸮
ǰȷʵϧԽԽˣҲСĵ㡣
ԣ
۵
̨ϣЩ˵вЦղɱģȴ汻ɱȻҲΪղֻǸͨӣһͨȥ丮⣬ҲˡĻ˵뱻ɱֻ˵Լ丮ⶼҪܣǾЩӵĸĸˡ
һɿ𣬴Ӹ̨ﴫ
˶ѭȥĿϡ
Ÿ̨ϵĶʮˣʧȥսزߣǱ̨ߣʧܣ΢ͣ٣˺ȵʼ
˵仰ԼһԾ¸̨
һ˲䣬̨£˵ĿⶼֱŶʮˡ
ﬣ
Хޱȴ̶
ʮУ˻ӽǳ칥˹ȥ
һĻ̨²˽¶Ź֮ɫ
˭˰ɣ
֣⸮۷塣⣬ôǸȥˣսǿ𣬿ʱ£̫˰ɣ
⡭
˽ɻ
ǿĿãأ⸮ڶԱǿ˲ֹһɴ˿̣ȴ붼ûͳ칥ȥίʵ˲⡣Ȼһ̣˵·ˣŵǹ֮ܣ˶֣һ㣬ȫ칥ȥ·һ˵İ㡣
⡭ô£
⸮ߵ⸮ڰ˵룬ˣô
Ǹʲô
˵ɴ˫ۡ
ЩɻʯüòС
˿̨̣ϣ˾죬ֺ顣
Щô̫ˣ
ŭ
ʮУΨһһӣ丮¾ʹﵽһⲻ켺ҫҲΪ˲ٹ⡣˿̣챻һΧӶԵ÷ŭ
Աһߣսˣˣ
ĳ˷ͷ̫ʢΪҲ㣬еŭԹ˰ɡ
ˣǵ͵ЩȽϺá
ǡ
ϵӾһ
丮£ֻһȴǸǹܺ⸮ϵӵĹԣȻϵӲˬ
ǡ
ŭȴֻǸŭԣǲ죬ϵӣûԷаʵ
Զܺƺʤվһ𣬽ǰ
⻹Щ⡣
ܺϹЦ
ʤСֻһ˶ѣͷȴ̫ʢӦеϵǶ˰ɡʤҲʸڸѡΣΪ֪ԼʵҲԽڸδμӡ
ԶһЩĵطɽ󣬼ڸӾһ𣬽üͷ
ЩҪ档
ǿɱʮһΧҲΣˡ
վ̨ϵĻʣɡ
ϧˡ
ڸӽҡͷ

̨һʮˣ˿̣˾칥˹ȥЩд󲿷ֶǿߣ޺ͻ޳һ˳ǹ磬һꪣ޵Ƹʢ֡
üʮ˵Ĺ˸
ʮһΧܾЩŹ֡


ɫĮ˸âһԾ𣬳ǹݺݻ¡
ɫ΢гӭϡ

һ촫ķ
еĳǹشٽѹĳϣǿ춼һüж˳ǹϵĴ󲿷еĳƻᱻҶϡ
ˣȴҲ΢΢˼
ﬣ
ʱһ̶ĵ
Ǵһâն⵶âʼֻһȴͻأûĵӰ飬졣
̨£Ӳ죬һĻ
ǧ鵶ϵӾȣǧ鵶Ľƣ켣Ϊ꣬Ѱâ켣˭նȵȳ̶ȵǧ鵶ûΪ
ˣ
̨ϣܼâѹΧܵ˾Ƕ˿ȥ
˸һɨƵǰĴƬ⡣
漴أĵǰ

һ죬еĳһɭɭ
棬һ˫ֳųеĳײһ߼ľ벻ߡ
˻
һĻø˱ɫ
ܼĵ굶Ӱϱʵ峤˹νǵˮ©ԼվλãԻᱻһնɱɴ˿̣ȴĵ·һʼ֪Ӻδɱ
ųֵˣϵٴ¶ɫ
⸮ʮĪգôͻȻﵽˣ
˾ȡ
̨ϣֳһϮϴЩ֮ɫղһˣ޵Ĺʩչ޵ɵǧնԭΪԽ쵱ȴ룬ǿһɵ
Ӷ죬Ǵӡ
ĪգĪҵˣ
쵭Į
ĪһΣ棬㲻뵽ɣ죬ĪֻԼЦһ˵ֵʮˣﵽ죬ҲʤĹɣ
ʹǣɨһۣ˵ǲӦûӦ
ǮʹĥĪңȱǮ㻹ߵʱѾһһк㹻ĽǮǰæѹ㡣ʮһѹһˣⲢʲô⣬ɾܵõңһܽˢһǿľߣôǼ£ֶΪ
ɫƽ˴£ֻΪˢңڸ
Ȼô򵥡ĪպߵǰںڰɭˣǺأ֪ڸѡκ󣬼һöʹҴﵽأΪڣǣֻ˵ڸʵʻأ죬ĪЦ˵丮ֹͬŲɱɱȶ䣬ǻеģɱ㣬丮ȻŭҲֻǽ丮ɡ
ЩŹ֣ЩȫңͲֱ泤ϣ
ҵ㡣ĪЦ濴ͦºͣദȻȴޱȽ㣬֪ôһ£Ҳ丮ϣ
ཻ˽һ
ϴŵЦ⣺ĻͦȷʵԣҲ丮
һѳˣһһ̨ⷽ˵ϵЦͻأת䣬һȻ㣬˵еĽ⡣


83 ɨϣ
⵴سһĪࡣ
һĪյɣڿзת˼Ȧǿס塣ڵϣ죬Īյɫ
ֳֳ̨ϣĮˡ
һ
ĵ
ǰڷ裬һ̣һĽ
սĲԱ
ǿƵ̬
Ҫһ˶սʮ𣿡
⡭
Ŀࡣ
ԶʯӰһ
һ
ֹǿ̬ǵһμɴ˿̻Щľ
Ͼ˿һԶʮģлǿߡ
һսʮˣ
ʤߡ
Զļɽ󣬼ڸ˸â
쵱治һ㣬»ս⣬ǿǣ
ϧǲܴ漣
Σܲڸⳡȶʤˣ
˱˫֡

̨ϣųֽ죬ʮУ˽Զݡ
˿̣ϵһ
Īɨһˣͳ˫ȭѵȣ˶࣬Ƕ֣һϣ˵꣬һȥǧ鵶һչ쵶
֣
޳ųǹѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬չϵ似ֳ졣
һ˶ʱ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ʮĹǿԪӿ似֮⽻֯ڸ̨ϡ
ЩͶ죬ʮ˵ĹΧһ𣬼һܲ͸Ĺݡ
һĻս뵹ȹֱЩ£һ˭ܵˣŸ̨˵ĿԲϡ
ܵס𡣡
૵
ӭܼ似Ե侲Į
һ̣춯ˣһ磬ֱӳŶʮ˳ȥ·ȫûпʮϹ
˶˽Աɫ
𣡡
˽е
ЩսߣȻʯݣ۷Ϊɺܲǡ
ܼ似֮׷ɲǼ嵽ǰ
˶һĻ۾ɵùԲ
ಣ
һٶͻأ죬ӭܼĽ⵶âӽâķ϶ֱӳʮ֮С
⡭
Ȼܿôܼ似ôģ
ܰɣ
۾ֱˣʮͬʱ似֮ɱɵĹĻ޿ɺȻȴǴܼļ϶гʮ˵İΧȦҪεжͺεȿµٶȲܰ쵽
ʮУ󲿷ֵҲս߰㺧Ȼ
ʱѾƵһǰ
һ۷ӣǰɫʱ䣬гݺݵĳȥ
ޱ飬ܿȭӳ
һһҽУ˵Ӱһȭɣֱӹ¸̨˲ĵڵϣһʱսվ
ǿ
йս߾
ʮУȻ˲ͺһˣսίʵĲ
һĻȻҲ̨ϵ˶ݡ
ǿʹòٵһ
Ҫš
Īյͺȣ˵ţǰǧ鵶չܼâն¡
ޱ飬һת֪ǰδеǿ׽ÿһ굶âĹ켣гһһ֮ն顣
㡭
Īձɫδ˴ݵӦǧ鵶
ХصеĽն
Īձɫæ̧𳤵ӭ
ཻһһɴеĽĪ
üһۿҽһȥȻ֪һǶô޴Ϊǡ
쵭Į
ﬣ
˳ӱն¡
һǿߣʵףǿ
ޱ飬·۾㣬һһ漴ץסֵӵ΢΢һѹʱͷѵ

Ӵҽ
̧ȣһ߳
һֵӺɣڿоͿѪ̨
ڶ˱̨
һϣ
˺ȵ
ڵ֣Ϊ۷壬⸮
ʱ䣬ӦԹ졣
ܼĹһѹȭӰâ⣬ǹ似֮ͬʱѹ졣
ӭȹı侲һתĸ֪ޱ֮ǲڶʮһ˸
ﬣ
̶гһ֮ɨ



ҽ𣬵ѪƮڿС
Ѿ罣ɾ˿Ϊʩչһʽ֮չֳ似ǿܣһ˲ʧȥս
ȿµĽ⣬˽Զݡ
罣Ȼ似
ڸü
罣ǳ丮Ѿмûѡ似ˣڸӲ뵽쾹Ȼѡ似Ѿ޵˷Ƿĳ̶ȡ
̨ϣն֮󣬼ûͣ£ڵ޵ĳǹܿɨĺꪣȭһӳ
ȭ

һ˲䣬ʮ˵ȭӰ֣˷
С
Īպȵ
ǧ鵶һնʮ˵ȭѹȥ
ʱӰǰһ߳
Īձɫæ̧𳤵ؿڡ
ȴڵϣĪֻоһɽĴӿǹɴŵݵϣһ֮ɡ
󣬾ֵĲҽͬʱ
˱ĻȭУԪƵĻ˵ȼתۼ˻һ档
˻ҴУһСĲȿգ̨ȥ
涪
йս߱ģʮ˺Χһˣȴ˲
ٴνĿʱ񶼲ɵñþη֮ɫ
սʮˣתۼ˰ܳǺεƣ
Сһ˼
ԶʯЦ
ͷҲЦ⣬̨ϵ죬ԽԽ⡣
̨ϣ߷Īպ󣬲ͣŲһгնԱߵһˡһ˵ıɣݺݰһȭĵڵϣ۵նŤˡ
쿴һ̧ۣһţֱӽ̨֮߳
̨ϣ˵ɫѿ
ŹȥӶѣʮһΧ죬˿ȴ˰ܳ
ʮ룬裬򶨴ݡ
ʱ仹磬

̬ȣʱЩ˶ɫ
ţ

޺ͻȺȵ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮҲ¶ŭ֮ɫ
һϣ
ȥ
飡
˺ȵ
ܹվˣ⸮еľӢӢţӢȻܽ˿̣ǺΧһˣԷȴ̬ȣȫһǵӣûнǷУȻЩ˽ŭ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ʮͬʱǿԪƵ̨ϡ


84 ɨ£
ӭƣıû˿仯
ֳֳӭŷ죬һˣȴһʮ˱ȥƾǣһҲֻȺҷˡ
ĻƽҲ޵˸ɫࡣ
Ķ

һϣٽȥ
˺ȵ
ʮ˶ϵӣһ˱ĺͿܺܡ
Щ˶ƿ弶ϵ似˿һʩչһ֮ǰκһζҪǿ̨ⷽζ
裬â£ͬʱѹ졣
£
ʮϵ似⡭
Ǽһܵס𣿡
ս߽ǰ
һ˶Զʮˣתۼ˰ܳ˿̣֪䣬˶
̨ϣ似֮⣬ޱ飬΢΢¡
֮
ĸ۴л
̼䣬̶Ľ쳹˷ƥѹ似ֻ첻ͣ޵ɨ似ȫһն顣
罣һʽľ֮ôܣ
ʮˣ󲿷ֶɫ
ǣһ̨̣µйս֮Ҳݡ
ɽ󣬼ڸӽһ
֮Ȼһѧˣ
Ǿ츳δ̫Щ
һսоϲ
˽ǰ
û˷֣⼸ڸǿӣ˿ȻǾâ

̨ϣһն似λζֻ˲ͳһǰ
һһ˸Էɡ
˵ɵӰ֣ӳӰȭ

˲ҽһڿоͱӳӰȭУǱ̨

ꪷ
޺ͻһѹ
˶ǿߣ޵似Ȼϵ似Ҳƽӵʮܡ
ӭˣ治ɫ
гһһתб̬ն޵İٽǹϡ
ǹ֮ⱻޱɫǹɨ
ȣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ĵѹ˹ֱ츹
˶ΪϵҲĬɱʮ㡣
ɫĮһתţǿĸ֪ʹ׽˵ÿһֻеĳתȻ˦һһͷݺײڻĸһ֮ɡ
漴Ӷ£ܿһ˵ĳìͬʱһȺɨ͵Ḷ̌ʱʹӲȣĵ¡Ҳʱץס̹ͷĳìȻǰһ˦˶ʱޡ
飡
ײһͬʱһߡ
ֱʱĳҲ˻һУ֮˳ն



ҽ˱֮ĽɨУǱɣֱӹ̨ʧȥսʸ
˲ϢĶԾ˾˿̣Ҫ˵һĹսߣʯɫ
þ˵ս츳
ľ
޺ͻɱԽɻӶܿìɨǹޣӳì󹥻֮ײһ𣬵סɻصĳɨ֮ˡһϵжһһˮ˳·һʼƺһУ
ʯЦСһֱΪս
˾˵ս츳սˮ׼ʯ۷徳ǿߣ˿Ҳ硣ǻΪʱ򣬸ûĿٶȣӦ֪涼ԶȲ졣
䡭
ĥ
̨ܣйսȫ˫ð⡣
ʣ
ã
Ư
̲סС
ȻһЩϵҲ̲סкá
ղţһϵжʵ̫ˣ˵۾
ȻҲ˵ɫܲÿ
С֣Ȼ
ʤ
ܺƵЦʲô˵ˣͷϵĹȦԽ࣬ͻˤԽңϷںͷ
ܺƵĻʤɫúÿЩٽѵǡܺΪս츳ǿȴҲվֻ徳һĺ蹵һߣϰٵʿҲǶ֡

̨ϣֳֳĮ
Ųƽվŵʮ˱ȥУмʧȥս˱һһ̨ǫ̈̄´ҽ
ʣʮˣ֧Ŷá
쵭Į
һΣӰƮϣһǰ
㡭
˱ɫ
ֻ˲䣬һֻȭ˸һ֮ɡ
ˣʣʮˡ
ûк·ˣһ𹥻
Īպȵ
䣬Īնǧ鵶쵶죬֮ǰκһζǿĪյЩֱ졣
ǹ
ꪷ
޺ͻһǰһϡ
ǧ鵶ǹꪷ߶弶ϵ似бȽϳ似˿̣Ϊȫ߶ǽ似ӵǿ
ͬһʱ䣬֣룬Ҳ졣
˵İΧȦУֻ䵭һЦ
ӭʮˣû˿ɵ֮ɫһѹһΣֻһ˻δӦʱһҽ˿Ѫ̨ϷɳؿڴһĽӡ
ÿ죡
һĻ˵
һеĳбն޵ĳǹϣ罣ĴӽŶɫ޵ֱֱۣ۶ʱѪˮ޳ǹʱǰһݺһؿڡ
һ޵ȥܿԳǹ֧վ
ŶصߣȻʹ򡣡
Į
˻ʱɫһϣѿ֮
ֻǣ첢гٴλӶ



ײһ𣬴ܡ
Ƭ̺˱߷ɣǱĵ̨

һĲҽдѪˮƯ䣬⸮ߵһᴩ粿Ե̨ȥζδ
̶̰ʱ䣬ȵս˶þǶʮ˺Χһˣǵû˵һ˿һȴԱصĻҲԶǶ֣ⴴ
⡭̫̬ˣ
ôô£⻹𣿣
Ե
˶ˡ
һ˶սʮˣȻܹһ丮ӿֱǷ࣡



ʱһתۣӹȥ˱̨߳
ǧն
Īץסһ϶гΪĺ⣬һ˲䱬ʵйս߶ɫԶʯ⣬ҪǣǷһиоŨɱ
ߣг͵һ
֮

촫Īеĳնϣͬһʱ䣬նĽֱĪյһѪĪһ̨ϡδվһݺһĪյϡ

ĪղҽУնŤ˫һʹվ
ڣڣǡûվ̨ϣֱޣ֡
⡭
սʮˣʤˡ
ÿµˣ
ٹսľ
ɽ󣬼ڸӽԵͷ̨ϵӰ
ڸѡΣ˽
ʵһս
һ˳׼ӭ˰ɣܺƣ죬ޣ֡һϮ£ȷǷ
̨ϣ˼ŭȴ˿ȻΪų̂ܽòĪŵңȻЩ裬վվ̨ϵ֮һΪڸӣøԴҲ㹻ˡ
ָ̧֣Ĩ˰ѶϵĺˮЩϲɫΪ£վ̨ϵˣӦ죬޺ĪգϾ˶죬Զɱȡ˵˸ˡ
̨£ڸѡεʯķ򣬼ߵ˵ͷ󣬶ʱ⣬̧ȳ̨ȥڸѡε˽ڸ
̫ˣ
滶ϲ
йս߶һֻ˵̨֡
ʱוּһһ̶Х
̨ϣޱ飬ֳֳһһ˱ȥ
һĻ˽Աɫ
죬ʲô
Ƕ𣿡
˲⡣
ڸѡεǶݣͣ½Ų
̨ϣ˶ݡ
죬ʲô˼Īյزʧȥʸˡ޳ԣ̨ϵΪʤߣ㻹ʲô
𣬳ȷʵô˵Ųû˿ͣ٣г˸տտâҲ


85 ɨ
Ļȫɫѵ롭
ޱ飬ڡ
һΣһ̣ǰгֱն¡
˽Աɫ̧ǰ
һײһǰδеĴӳݵϣ͵ִڿѪ
ȥ
̧һƳ
žһֺɣֱӹ̨
̨һѪһվŭĶ졣սѾԽˣڣȴ̨
̨ʧȥѡʸ

ŭ
һĻֻ˲䣬ֱֱ̨ŭ˲Żع
⡭
ʣˣѾ˰ô
ȻȻִȥһˣֻʣˡ
˵ۡ
Ȼһ̣پ̨ϣ쳯޺ͻ˹ȥ
һĻʯݡ
ڸѡεüͷһ壬ǰ׼ֹ
ﬣ
ʱ̶ĽĽƵ̨ϡ
չ֮һ˲նϻеĳꪣڻؿһĽۡ
ؿڣѪˮ
ʦܣס֣ڸѡѾǲսˣ
ҵ
һ̨ʧȥڸѡεʸ񣬿ֵЩˣʧȥѾֵڸӵ
˵սͲսΪ˭
ɫ䵭
𣬻ȭӦ
Ϊﵽ죬صΪ߶ȭܲνǿֻʮ˵ȭһ˲ͬʱڻϣʱȼķɳ̨ʹĲҽ
̨£˶סˡ
һ˱
ֻʣˡ
ޱƹȥˡ
죬ѵҪ˶̨
⡭
սߵԲ˫ۡ
丮ԴʼڸѡĻս̨¹涨ʱҲԤʾŶսԲսڣⳡսѾԽȴδֽ˴̨
˵丮δ涨µļ˲սһԣʱ򣬴˼ѡսǸǳֺõ¡Ȼڣ£һ£ٴο丮ʷȺӣ
һǡ
˫۷Ź⡣
ܶΪЩ𾪣ɽģȴǾһ˷ܡ
˲Ըս棬ȴϣȥս
Զʤܺվһɫޱ
С֣
ʤ
ܺЦˣٱ䣬һ룬Ǹá
ϴЦܺʼԵúܴݡ
ԣʱСֹƿ޶޲
ʤЦ
ԶЩĵطɽ󣬼ڸĿ¶â
˼죬ǳã
źµӳ

̨ϣ˿̣ʣˣ죬ޣԼʧȥʸĪա

ıӰĪյɫһѿ
ĪҲû뵽ʮΧһˣȴ㣡˶˫ȣһʹ
ʱѾޡ
ʦܣס֣л˵ޱɫʼһ𹥻㣬ǲԣȽڸʦڣҰֿɺã
иܹǿٿֺͻȺ̨ĶԼĶ֣ʧȥڸʸ
ݣ
ƿ֮ʩչ֮䣬˲Ƶǰ
һеĳȵѹ޵ĳǹ֮ϡ
˫ֳųǹֻо˫һ飬вɵøӾЩ־죬ȥ꣬ʮѣ˿̵ֳֽȻѹԶֻоǹѹһɽ
㡭
죬޵
וּһеĳ͵𶯣罣Ȼᴩ˫С

޲ҽУ˫Ѫܡ
̧ȣһһŽ̨
䵽̨£޻ԹͬʱҲŨŨĻ⡣ԭڸΪ̰ͼĪճŵңȴôһ³̨ʧȥ˽ڸʸ
̨ܣйս߽Եɴ˫ۡ
⡭ȫȥˣ
Ƕǡͣ
ÿᰡ
ļ£ЩŮӸ¶״
ԶʯජһĻһۣԲɵ¶Ц
Сһ
Ρ
ԱߣߵʲôЩ쵰ԼҪñȥ
ʮĸϵͬʱΧһʵ
ˣѾͷ˵ҲûֻܹǼܡʯô˵أǴ丮һ¼¼˰ɡ
̨ϣתĪȥ
ﬣ
Хɫһ
ôˣ˶ȥ𣿡
Īȥˡ
ĪգĪյزսȫʧѾʧȥѡʸ˰
˲⡣
ѵǣҪȥ
пܡ
þǣ棬ϲ
˽ͷӶ
ԶʯЩ⡣
Сһʲô
ʯü
̨ϣߵĪߣг΢б䣬Īղϡ
֮ǰ˵ⷢ԰ɡ
쵭Į
ԣĪնʱɫ䡣
ϣϣҪɱңϣ
ĪմС
һ̣ĪиֳŨŨĿ־֮ɫ֮ǰԼ˵죬Ǻ˽⣬ԣ˿Ҳնɱ
ĪյеӽԶݡ
⡭ôܣ
㲻뱻̨ҲڿЦɡ
ǣ
˶Īָָ㣬ûһĪյĻϾ丮ֹͬŲɱ˫ԼսͬǰĪɭǰ㣬һͬŲɱ¼丮ήпĴ
Щ˲ţĪվִУģģϿҰ
ĽŲӣĪպµĲС
ˣٵӽ¶ɫ
⡭
Щҡˡ
Զʯü죬ô£
ʯڣѭȥ˵ͷ
Ŀɨٵӣɫƽ
ĪҵĶԹڳλӦģǰΪʱķͷѹĪɭҲΪһЩԭĪɭҺ֮ǡǡɣĪɭиô󲮣Ϊ丮ϣǸʱһֶԾˣĪǩɣһֳǩҺĪɭսһĪɭսĪӦʡ
丮λӢţǻ۷ͨ˿ɱȣ룬ʲôè壬λӦöɡ
ԣеӶݡ
⡭
ϵü
ĻϵǶܲµĪΪ֮ı
֪£Ҳ֪еè塣
ĪҪ
Сֹ
ԶʯɫΣ£ȷʵĪܹ֣ĪΪ丮ĳϣҲž丮Ȼ㲻ʲô¡
СһôͻȻˡ
Ц
̨ϣɫƽŵĪ壬Ī֪Īɭе似ʱΪҸ߳һС磬ԣĪȷĪɭһɱҡֻǣܿϧֲδԸ
һսĪɭˣĪԶ֣ԼµĹ򣬵ɱңʱ೤Ϻʯϳȣգ첻վڴˣҪٴλлλϣɥĪ֮֡
˵ţ칪ʯķһ
վֱ壬ʱĪǶҺˣĪʱ޿̲ҡһǰȥڰɭĥ£ΪĳЩ޳֮ˣٱ¶ĪҸڰɭ׷ɱң׷ɱҵЩУĪ֮Ī丮ĪҲһţãʱˡ
ԣٴζݡ
ܺվһʤ΢һĨ⣬ɫúѿ
ԶЩĵطʯɫͱ䡣
£
˵ӽԱı


86 նɱĪ
Ծ丮ʼǵһ츳ĵӣʣ־Ʒǣ涼ʯڴǾ丮ʷΪ貵һǡȻǲ֪£ĪҾҾɱ졣
丮ϣ
ôĵӣ
ʯŭ
Ȼº͵ˣ˿̣ɫҲǳ
ܣ丮ӾԶݡ
òҪ
ĪɭǳսǶˣǱĪĪɭıĪɭռһԼǵ£ĪɭɱҵģԭӦúԹԲŶԣȻĪȴǾɱ죬Ϊ丮ϵĪ˽ȥʵں޳ܡ
ͻȻϵӶݡ
ȵȣһǵ£Ȼ
˱ɫ
Ī֮ǿߣĪأټһЩĪҵļǿߣȻǵ´Ƕô죿
һ룬˶һ
һǰúúãܺãĪʧٵӣʯɫһĪңһף˶٣ʯ죬ʵ죬Īȥ׷ɱ㣬֪ȥ֮ˡ
ҡͷӵʱĪˣǱһɽжƺתЩСӳڰɭ֣֮ʲôӲ֪ĪǱϾɱ쿴һȻ˵
üһǰ£йϵ
ţ첻Ե޹ǰ¡
ͷһǰĪûܳɹɱңڵ֪һһεڸѡκĪճ֣ԷнһֻսĵӣһѹңĪԼǳң̬ɱҡĪԼĻ˵ɱң丮ֻǽŶѡ
Ļƽܣȴɫ
⡭
Ȼˣ
δ̫˰ɣ
˵ۡ
Ǿ丮ĪǷΨһ壬ɺ;丮ȴֻѣھ丮ѡڸôҪĪҾȻ£丮ӣҪⰵɱ丮貵ţίʵЩ󵨡
£ɶ񣡡
ŭ˫ۡ
ʯһЩ丮ʦЩ˵ɫ
丮ӵķӦ˵ɫĪɫұ䣬еλϴˣǧ˵ĪԹԿĪҵ˶˳ۣߣѪˣݺң
ޣΪ˭ĪһҪ

ʾ治ҪڣԼ̨µĻˣд£
ӭ񣬻˶ɫһס
ûûУϣû£
˵
ԣ޶죺ǶԹޣ˵
ǣǣô¡
Ҳ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳڣ̷ϡ
ˣ
ȵ
ɨŶʮ̨⸮ӣɫѿ۷Ϊ丮ϣǲֻͣɨһ۶ʮ˵̬֪ûа٣ʮ⸮ӢţȻ£
Ƕܺãǳãǳˣ

ӭ񣬻ȫ֪εˡ
ˡ⡭ֻһʱͿΪʦ֮ܵʺ̰ͼĪŵңŷ´ңǣǸ֪ĪҪɱʦܣ֪ٶңҲ°
ˡ
ˡﰡϣ
ʮˣɫ԰ס
ˡһˡʹ˽ҹϴûô򵥵£ŶʮˣڿʼڣеԴ̤丮벽
ʮȫɫԴҲ̤丮벽Ƕԣеʧʵ̫ˣǻˣǻںޣԭǵʵܽڸȴ͵ʴףʧȥ˽ڸʸͬ⸮Դ꣬һ˰ɣ
һ̣˻ں޵Ҫ
ʮı飬ĿĪϣ㣡ӲСҾ丮ѡڸӵһϣˣĻͼɱ丮츳ţĪҵҾ丮۸԰ɣ
Ǹº͵ˣԽº͵ˣŭԽ¡
ĻĪֹסĲ
ˡˡ
Īġ
ʱĪ֪Լ˵ʲôûˣ޷⡣
ˡʯʱ򿪿ڣĵǶʮˣǴӷ֪ͼ԰ԴưΪ㣬ʮ⸮Ӣţⰵɱ丮ɫţˡ
ʯһ㣬챧дڴ˿ȻҲΪŭ
㷸µ԰ղɱͬ۴أ۷ϢѹĲ丮ľĪңһǰɱ丮ӣڸ˱ӵоڸѡΣҾ丮һ
⡭λˡﰡ
ĪմС
ȴս֮⣬ɱͬţǿ丮ɣ
һ̣ĪյɫޱȾ֡
ʱ쿪ڣϣʯϣڴ˶лλϣҲл丮Ув죬ȷҲʵʵڸоůɫ棺ԣĪҵĶԹͷ丮棬Լ
䣬
ۣ
ѪһĪյͷ­ֱбɶ
Ѫͷ­̨ѪˮȾһƬ̨棬˱ɫ
⡭
Ȼֱɱˣ
˻
丮ӽԱɫ
һˣɱ˶գ۾
ֹ
ʯɫһһۣҡͷ
ˣӦõ³
̾
ʯ̨εСһڿԽ˰ɣɻ£
⻰丮ӾЩաʮĸ⸮Ӣ˶̨˶ܵĴĪձ˸ǸĴۣ⻹ܲ۴ĸǶⶼѾ˰ɣʲô£
ʱ˵ϣ̨ϣ쾹ǵ˵ͷ
С
ƽеӽԶݡ
⡭滹£
˵ۡ
ʯЩһ룬òƲӦûʲô²Ŷԡ
Ŷк¡

һ̣˵Ŀⶼϡ
ֻתɫĮгƽָԶܺƣɣ
ԣ˽ɫͱ䡣
ܺƣ⸮һѾﵽڸѡȷ˵ۺϵһһ̣ȴгֱָܺƵķȻҪһս̬
ǣҪҪս⸮һܺƣ
⡭ɡ
ոպսܶʮˣڣȻҪսǸܺƣ
ÿ񣡡
ۡ
Զɽ󣬼ڸǿǶݡ
徳ս
˶ü


87 
죬ء
ܺƣ硣
ˣȫԵȵʵȻȴڻһս˺󣬳ֽܺƵ֣Ҫһս丮ӽԶݡ
⡭ѵҪһ
˵ۡ
ܺƵɫЦȫڴʱг֣վ̨ϳָֽ̬ܲˬ
ʦܣȷҪһս
ܺƵ
α¾ѾսԼںα⡣
̡
˵ţ뻳ȡµս
⣬ս
¡
ǰʱŸ丮
˽Եۡ
ʯüͷһ塣
࣬ľ˵һ
֣

죬ɨܺƣˣ¾ʹա
Ǿ츳丮ܳĵӣܺҲ⸮ʹﵽˣκһ˶ʧҪǣһսİʼǰٷ֮١
徳ȡʤ
ӭĬΣҡҡͷ
Բϣˡ֮ɫƽգĪɭһս󣬼ǵʯʹ죬Ϊ֪ĪɭҴƴȴҪɱգ仰شϡжΪΪ
ԣʯü
죬ܺҲжԹ
̨ϣĿܺϣĮĪɭһսܺȤǣ죬Ҵлʱ丮˵ʲôҪܺƽѵѵңһֻ֡
ԣ˶һ
ܺƣԱùŹ
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬ܺҡͷҲ֪¡
⸮һ˵ݣڶһȱ޳ɣҾ͵Щ۾ĶԸΪͷЦ˷̡
˶٣ŵǼ²ۣôǰ⸮ǵðɣļ޵Ϯɱԭҿӳ޵ĹΧĸûӵ޲û
ʲô
һ䣬һյĳֱҲǵú˿ͻȻ£о飿
ܺü΢Щ֣ʦܣ⻰ʲô˼֮ǰսܺƹ䣬ʲôµȹѲɣΪûܳɹ㣬ҵĴˣ
һͷǣ޳ܣ
ʤе
죬
ɨʤһۣǱĿŵʤһ
мĺĿٴܺϣ˵ңնһȴ֮·˿ԼܸоҵķʽһҪôֱնɱңҪôұƵߣ˶һ֮ұߡ
ԭŭĶܺƣҾ˵ʱôȥ죬ȥæԭôһ£
ˣͲĻ
С棬յ£˵

Ҳɣ򵥽յ˵һ
ģʯɫֳ
ˣ
ʯͳȵһʯ඼ΪˣȻҲĻһ˲䣬˶ܺƵԱЩ
λϣС棬ܺƶ췢ģǵ£ȷʵоʦܣаٻܺƵģ漴ֵʦܵʱΪߣҵĽơ
ܺƣʯ΢΢üܺƵ̬ϣ˿˿ߣвɵ΢ɣѵоˣܺƵĻ˵ԵʱΪԣ֪£ȷʵпܡ
ʱ
ܺƣαǰû˿塣쵭Įܺƣ˶ôҲ֪Ҳֻ֪Լ֪Ǹʲô˾㹻ˡɣգҪôҪô
˰ԵĻйս߽Զݡ
˰
ٹսľ
Ϊǿߣﾹ
ܺƵɫЩ̫ÿԭâʢʱԼ죬ϻնɱڣɴ˿̣лδսͷβȴһֱռкܲ
Ǿս
³֣ܺһԾ𣬶ʱ̨
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼˢˢˢļе̨ϡ
ˣ֣ʱ࿪ڣǶҾ丮ţ丮ϣڣαֵһԶһ
ϣҲˣܺ£ʦһ·ƣܺ䲻ţȴҲϣҪսǱԸ
ܺ˵
˵꣬ܺǴӻȡԼֱ
ü죺죬һɣ˻ü
˵ʵѾˣҪսһΪ
಻
Ȼ˽ĺ⣬ȴҡҡͷ
һսУ
ܺƣᶨ䵭
ʯһۣ̾Ϣҡͷ丮ӼжԹԼսһ㣬丮ûɲͬʱĪɭǰ㡣ܺƶҪһսȻΪϣҲˡ
һ

Īն˽⣬˽⣬һ֪Э˿̻Щգս̬ݱ䵽һ֮һս󣬾ʯ޷ڣʹܺƵĶ֣
죬Щ̫ǡ
ذɡ
ɽ󣬼ڸҡͷ
̨ϣձü
ӰԶܺƶ죬˸⡣
ʦܣȷѾ׼ˣ
ܺƱ˫֡
ϻ࣬αҪݵʲôʱ򡣡
̡
ܺɫʱ΢
ޱ飬̧Ƚĳ̨ϵһܺƣܺһУɣҲռһˡ
гƽָܺƣһǿƴɢ
̬ٴ˶ݡ
ǿߣȻ򶨴ݣ⡭
˵ǿأǿأ
ˣ֮ǱȲˡ
丮ӵ
ųܺƵֱҡͷ
ʦܰʦܣȷʵǿ̫ˣңĿô˵طܺǹһ˿Цһ㣬˲ǰű亮⣺ںû˿ɱԡ
ÿ죡
ǿߵٶȣ
⡭
Ⱥͫ׽һ
ݵһܺе·𽫿ˣ˲俿츹
ޱ飬һΣӭϡ

̶ıеĳȫȫסܺƵ
ţ
ܺͫ΢ȻܹǿԼٶȣ
һһɰ罣ϱ
䣡
𱬷ƺˮᣬһɴ촫
ֻоһ飬һɰ͸ϣʱˣؿЩơ
һĻȺʱһݡ
ȻҪ⣬ʵ̫ˣҲЩ
̾


88 ʯĲ²
סΣԪת˲ĨȥǹƸС
ǰ첻òϣܺȷʵǿ
ܺƵֱվԭ죬⣬ûһ˿ԣֻܺһ̨ⷽȥ˶٣ܺ΢΢ɭȻ˸ҡ
㻹ͦš
쵭Į
ţЦ㻹ҪţУʼֻֻ϶ѡ
ܺ˵
ۣЦŶվ̨̬ⷽȾͽˣôαüװȥ𣿡
ܺЦһս档
̣Ϊǡ
ܺƺһһΣʱ˹ת˲䣬һɭȻĽ⽫ǿ󣬿¡
ҪǣܺƵٶȺܿ졣
ն
ܺƳǰ˵ٶսߴ

еĳٴμסܺе
ܺü𶯣ʼʩһɰ罣ӽϱ
ߣ
һ
Уͬ𶯣罣Ƶ䡣
һ˸Եˡ
⡭
һܺսƽ֣
ǿ
ľ
ڣܺһ̣һжԾȻˣȴҲƵܺƺ˼
һ
˸ʡ
ܺƵɫ΢΢һʿˣо
ܺã
ܺɭȻ
쵭Į˵ʼնܺáֽܺƣԵôݶ򶨡
ܺɫ䣺ˣƤӡ
΢ܺеϣ̶ϻصս߲ɵö˶䡣
ǡʮն
ʮն
˾
ʮնϵ似ͬ似УŽǰ
ʮննٶȼ죬ҲΪ¡ңÿһնʱŴ̶ĽǴ˷ۺ϶ܹ似ҲǼһ˺ѽ似ɾ硣
ƣܺƺѾ似޵˴ɡ
С
̨ϣֻܺ˸ٶȱø˼֣˲ǰ
̶ص佣ն¡
оһ˿вܺеĽһĪѹȸСûгɣŲһչ˲ϢԶܿܺһ
ţ
ܺƴȻֱܿˡ
ɫһܺƲκͣٴγնȥ
Ȼһնˡ
ն
ܺƺȵ׷졣
ǣ·ܹ֪Ĺ㣬ͷܿ
һĻս߲졣
̨ϣɫƽ˸һˮ׼Ŀʦ֪֪ͬʿǿ˶ٱǿܹܺƵĽʱ׽켣Լٱܿ
Цֻ𣡡
ܺƷ̣νնδϣɫø䡣
ӣ
ȻһЦ
ವһκ˶ûв£ٶȺȻֻɲǼͳܺǰһնȥ
ܺƱɫæ
ʱ̧߳ɿľˡ
ܺɫٱ䣬Ȼһ̨棬Ӱˡ
Сʿʲô㲻ǿ𡣡

վԭأгĽڵ棬ıһŲ
ǿʤУʲô
ܺƵŲм
ǿУ㻹Ϊǡ
̣£һת˲ٴܺǰгն¡
˾˵ٶȣʱͷһ

̧ܺסնµĳ
Ŷˣǽ
Цವһһֻ̣˲ϢʧĴ֣ܺٴն䡣
ܺƶݣæһףܿһ


ֻǣܺƶȴޱȴ̶
ܺѾ޷ôˣ˿̣ٶȿ쵽㣬·ǲſռڵƶƺƬռںһÿÿһŸո£ڶѾһٴ£ʹܺƣӦԡ
죡ÿ죡
⡭
죿ٶȣôͻȻôֲˣ
սһ
ʱ˿̣ٶ̫ˣƶ켣
ԶȻʯΪ֮ݡ
ΣϴĪɭһսʱĳΪƣֻٶȱøӿˡʯ֮ǰʱ;Щ֣ѵĳ似
ƶʱĲ߾ƻҪֻǣ丮вû似СһﵽǴѧ
ü
˶۷ǿߣȻܹ׽ƶ켣ҲΪˣ˲Ÿľ
ʯ˶٣죬ּү֮ǰһֱಡ衣丮ǰּլջ٣ʧ죬ٴγֺͻȻ˸ˣֱӴһͨ˴ﵽ죬ңʱ
ڽ丮ĵӣ丮ȻʲôĽһ飬ľ츳ߣ丮ĵϸˣڡ족֣ʯѾ丮֪
˸һĨâ˼ǣ
󣬱ضĳλˡ
ʯѹ
ĬƬ̺󣬵˵ͷпܣǾ츳һЩĺ߷֣ȻŹٷ֮ٻ¡ҲΨˣܽΪʧ󣬾ֱӴһͨ˴ﵽ죬һǰ
˶Ƭ̣ɫɱó
ԼߣΪ棬λڴһЩ似ԼУܲʣĺѵߣǿ¡۹Ҷǲ𡣡
ȨȻ£һЩǿǰȨһЦ
Сһ
ʯЦ
ǸţʯͻȻãòҲǸֵɽ
ֹʲô

ɿһҡͷûʲô
ۣʱײϴ
̨ϣĲףٶȸǿľˣԳԲ׽Ĺ켣ƶܺƴȥ˼鷳ʹֻܱܺȵֵ
ۣ
һ˿Ѫܺؿһ
⸮һˣˡ
ͬʱ
˿̣ܺƵؿһĽۣѪܣΪĿ
ȻǸܺƣ
սߵۡ
̲סһΪԾܺƣ˿̾Ȼն˶ԷֱЩ¡
ԶʤɫѿЩ԰ףܺƾȻնˣ
ǸС֣жǿ
ʤҧгݡ
̨ϣܺƵɫޱ
ܺãСǵһҵˣһĨ֮ɫܺһһɸӿµϢɢһ㸶ҵĴۣ


89 ս
ܺƿʼ߶ͬһʱ䣬̧𣬾ǻûһӰÿΪ֮
ɫһͣǚiٺˡ
似ƣ
ɫ΢
ʯܺƿȻѡ似Щˡ
˶Ÿ̨ϣɫԵЩء
ƣµ似ܺƲ似գϾ似ԶԶ弶似ȡ
䣡
һʱ䣬Ӱ֣Ŀռ¡¡
˸̧ܺʩչʮն
һʱ䣬ãȻٶȼ죬ͬʱ似ϵ似ҲǱЩǱֻܲܡ
ô𣡡
ܺ
ƼΪ£һӰɽʯ
ӶܵͬʱնӰ
һһӰĽϣȵˣֻоؿڴһѪ
ã
һĻʤ̲סȵ
Ǳ״ʤս˫ȭ˷֮ɫ
Ϊ似ʵں鷳ܺƶڻƵδţϾ似սࡣ
ɽڸǿӵ
̨ܣ˶̨֮ϣ·Щսһ㡣
һսǣ˵񾭡
ھն
ܺ
ʮն챻Ƶòܣϵ·ˡ
͵֯ڿУ֮ܺЦ
ڣҲҿ⡣
ܺƳ
죬ܺǺ֮⡣
ޱ飬䣬иܵܺƵǿ
Ȼһ㡣

оܺǻԪ徳ǿ̫࣬һΣټϻ似һʿһоͻᱻܡ
ܺЦڻпʱ𣡡
ʮնʮ¡
漴ܺƻӶ֣ʮǿӰɺΧ֮ѹ졣
䣡
͵鲼̨ⷽÿһ䣬־òɢĿں
ˡ
ʱ쿪ڣĮ
ﬣ
˵Хӿӡһն顣
һĻʱܺһƿ似ȴһնˣ¶һƲŵı顣
ʲô
ܺƳ
ޱ飬̧гֱĶܺơһ̣ĳϣһϸСĵ绡˸ž졣
ݵһ˳ȥ
䣡
ըг̨ϾȻֳһĿ׵֮תۼܺǰ
ʮһ
ܺƴ
͵һܺնĵʮһֱӱն顣
ȭκλڣһȭ

ܺƱɫ˫ֽ浲ǰ
һֻܺо˫۷·һʯˣ岻ĵɣ˫Ħŵ˳ԶͣסΣֻܺо˫һ飬ȫʧȥ֪
վԭأû׷һ̣еĽֳͬһ׵֮⣬žͣ
˶ݡ
ɽ󣬼ڸӶݣɫԱ䡣
ǣ׽Ȼ׽
һľ
ʯɫݣŴ˿ģǾâ
׽׽ңĻ
⡭
ʯһۣԿ˶Էеľ
˶丮ϣԾе似Ȼһ
ʯ˸׽丮ڣΣյ似似ȱʧ似ôѡ似Ҫ似ʼ͵óļǿһѵͲ𣡡
罣׽һһ׽֮һСľͻɥȪЦСһǻѡ
νɣѰ˲֮·
ʯΡ
ԱߣԲĿ
һ
ĵӣԾ丮ȻҲ˽⣬֪׽жΣգ֪似жôû뵽ѡ˾罣󣬾Ȼѡ˸Ĳ׽׽ȱʧ߳ɰ
ﬣ
̨ϣХͣޱȴ̶
Ų׽貵ĽԺɨǧ֮նܺƵĻʼһĽ⣬ʱͻ顣
ܺƱˣɫ䣺ܣ
һܺƴŭŭ¡
ʮ
ܺƴ
ʮնΪʮһһǿʮǼ似ľڣǿޱȡ
ףһ

˸˽һ񣬳ø財
תۼ䣬ײһ

ܺеӦ飬ϳĽء
˳̧ȣɨ
һܺǱɣһѪˮ˳
ҵ찡
սĿࡣ
ǿܺƣ⸮һǿߣȻһ徳ʿն˳һ߷ɣⳡ棬δ̫һЩ
ܺƲǵѪĶ죺ң
죬ܺƵЩ׿
αģҸϲڵӣٲġ쵭Įһһܺȥ⣬Ҫ˵ʲôɵĻ㲻ⳡսǾɣô򵥡
ƽȴһ⣬һɿ⡣
ÿµˡ
Ĳ
ܺƵɫǿߣֻʿͬһϣɴ˿̣ȴռȨ
ЦֻһǾ
ܺƺ
һԪȫ߶ܺ˫ֹã͵ӣֱƬռ䶼ڲ

ŭһܺ˫졣
ɫĮ˸ֻһȴ˲ɾ롣
ն
һ֮
׽丮ᵽϵ似УΪⲿ似ȱʧ̫󣬶̫Σ̫ѣûѡ似ĵȼʶѾеȫΪʩչȫʩΪ£ҲԷӳµ似ƣǿ
ﬣ
ԵĽâƵ̨ⷽÿһ䣬֮ȫܺƵĻȿԵĽ֮£ܺƱƵˣϸֳһۡ
ַ϶У̧ȣһܺؿڡ
ܺƵɣڿѪ
ͻأ䣬Ӱܺ󣬷һƳ
ž
ĶܺƸոסһα˦ɡ
ν棬ܺƽڽڰˣȫѹˡ
⡭
ΪȻܺƱƵ˵ز
ǸܺơҪˣ
ս߽ʯ
ɫĮ׽߶ޣÿһնܴһ͵ֱѹܺƲϰˡ
ۣ
һܺƵֱնУʱѪܡ
ƺһܺƺˣȴӭݺݵһš
ܺƵɣոˤڵϣѾֱ˹ȥݺһŲ¡

̲ܺסҽУ߹ǱֱӲȶѪˮϴӿӿ


90 Ψһʤ
Ž£ܺƲҽУ漴ŭնֻ˫ֽ֮´ܼĻ
ˣὣأסӡ
ȷʵǿ
Į
Ȼʱ˿̣Ȼܺƶȴޱȴ̶
ɱ㣡
ܺƵͺ˫дЩѪ˿ŭ졣
Ʊ߶ޣһµ֯ɽ졣
ܺƷŭʣǿߣȻڵƵ˵ز
䣡
ܺƵĿ񱩣ƱøЩӡܲ͸硣
ޱ飬ǚiܣ׽ǲʱն¡նܺƵһӡסֵܺһŤ
һܺƵֹ˿

ܺŭֻƣ졣
ȭĮӭϡ
ȭཻһƺߴܺƵŵŵŵĺˡ
ﬣ
ʱ̨Хһɨ۵ĹᴩܺƵ硣
ܺƲҽһ˶ʱɡ
ܺƻڿеʱٴεˣһȭܺƸ
һܺƴӿ£ݺײ̨ϣвӿѪǱѡ
һαڵأܺ˫۳죬Ԫ񱩣ҪվϧǣһΣ˫Ѿϣе˫ȣʹ
ңʱٴߣһŲȥ
һܺؿڣʱйͷѵ

̲ܺסҽС
㣡
ȴܺؿƿȭͬһʱ¡
һ̨ζܺƴѪµ̨澶ֱ飬һѺͬ֩㳯쿪ȥ
һĻս˫ĿԲ
áÿµ
⡭
ֻ徳徳ʿôܻôֲ
Ĳ
ԶȻǼɽļڸӶݡ
ͬʱҲʶһ⡣
ܺơˡ

СȴʹΧ˶һ
ܺƣ⸮һˣڵˣ
찡
˶ˡ
̨ϣҽŲܺؿڣܺƺϣˡ
ܺһпһĨ⣺Ҫʲô
ʲôЩЦսˣ˵Ҫʲô
䣬ĽƣܺƺϣĽʱƺļʺѪˮֱð˳
һ˲䣬ֻܺоһ
󵨣һŭʤ˳ŭܺʦǷͳ˧ӣеĽ
ƫͷĿ䡣
ʤһ壬ȴӲͷƤɱʦ֣Ҳ

췭֣һ
ǿһԵĽʤϣһʤɨɡ
ʤһпѪ־Ķ졣
̨ϣ飺ĪҸںڰɭ£һûˣھȻȮĲ
㡭
ʤѪɫһƬࡣ
ܣ˶ݡ
֮ǰ˵޳֮ˣ
ĪҸںڰɭУĪ׷ɱڰɭ֣
Ҫ
丮Ӷʤ֮ɫ
Ѫˣ˵˵
ʤС
ֻǣŵͶŵ壬˻ĽƱ硣
޳ܣ
ŭĿӡ
˶ʤмͬʱȴҲ뵽ʤʼĻ
ʤ˵ĵǲܺСȷʵɱ
һͳ˧ڳ൱¡

̾Ϣ
ͳ˧ܺأǴսµǿߣε۹ӵ򳤣ݴΪ۷塣Ϊͳ˧ܺǿЩֱڵ۹϶ۣĪҼ֮ϡ
һǵôЩͷĴˡ
ֹ
Աߣʯ죬ԭ˵Щʲôջûпڡһսƽ˵ʲô
һ̨̣ķ˶ס˺
츩ܺƣɵЦиü治
ȻЦȴǴŨŨķ̡
ĻܺƵɫܲÿ
죬ܺƽ飬֣䣬֮ǰҲҴɷɱңֻҪֿϰ֣պԸЭַĪҡУĪƴ󣬲ҪۣԶȲҸס
ۣңɱ㣬ϱĪҸµ
ֶˣûǸ˼
ܺæҡͷ
ܺǸˣ֪Լǰʲôľƣֻίȫ
ܺƣ첻Ц
Ǵ˿̵λûһ£Ź𣿡
Ц
ܺʶһĨ⣬漴ҡͷ˵ﻰΪͬʦֵܣȻȷʵЩԹ϶ҪʱȻɱ֡
죬ܺԵúϡ
ܺƣװˡ첻м뺦ңȴ˵ʲôɱ֣úì˵ˣǰһףֱ㸸׵вңŻһЩٲҶġ
ԣܺɫѿ˼֡
֣ǰְɣҲв㣬ǣɱңȷʵв鷳αأ㲻ɱңܺƷĲǰӣǿԳΪõѣҿ԰и֧㣬ԸĪû⣬ɰ塣
ܺƳ
ǰӣ仰Ҫ˵ҲӦ˵ɡ̣˵ʲô壬ȫûǸҪ㸸ף˵Ҳûав
ܺü֣ȷʵҪʱǿ˫ӮαؾнνǾ仰в㣬ɱңҸ׿϶Ź㣬ԸµıƽĪҶǺ׵£Ը㣬Ǽ
ߣܺؿڵȻ
ܺƺһٴӿѪ
һǵͳ˧ѣ㻹㸸׵һˣΪ˭η壿첻м֮ǰ㿴˼Ķˡˣ֣΢÷ʯеһö¶
Ϊͳ˧֮ӣⶫӦòİɣ
Ц
ܺĿһɨʱɫұ䡣
ǣöƣܺȻ֪ʲô֪ʲôֻһ˲䣬ܺ뵽˲ǰڷǵĴ˵һؾ޵ʮʦ˵۹󽫾Ůһ˲䣬ܺƲɵòֳ˼־֮ɫǸ
ۣ
һﳤܺƵĺʱֹסܺƽĻ
졣
һ콫
ܺ˫ĿԲѪˮӿгźڣ𾪣־Ͳʡֻǣ˫еȴǷɿţգۼͱðȥɸ̨
콫Ŵܺؿƿһߡ
Ÿ̨ϵܺƣˣɫԱ䡣
ˣ
⣬ˣȻȻɱܺƣ
͵治ͳ˧֮𣿡
Ĳ
ͳ˧֮ӣɱĪɭݸ̫ˡ
һ
ۣ֪첻ηʲôɼһĻ̲ס𺳡
ʯһۣɵýԿЦԣη壬治֪»ǻ¡
ʯΣܸȸһƬ
̨ϳֽ꣬ģ뵽һ⡣
ڸѡΣֻһʤ
૵


91 񵤵
丮ԴʼѾʷڸѡҲ֪˶ٴΣ⻹ΨһһΣֻһվⷽڸѡε̨ϡ
ֻһʤ
һˣ
ҵ졣
ִ¼ˡ
˰

̬

ʮĸ⸮Ӣһһǫ̈̄ɱĪգɱ⸮һܺƣΪΨһվ̨ϵˣһĻ˵񾭡
һ
Բ˫ۡ
ⳡڸ˵һʱȫϴ˿̵Ľˣʯ丮ĸû˼ǳڹ丮񣬼ֻʯڣֻˡ
ʯһۣǿЦҡͷ
ϸ̨丮ӹڸѡδĽ֣εڸѡΣΨһ˻ʤۺϵһڿʼΪҾ丮ڸӵһԱиԴ֮ΪŬУ
䣬ͷСĵȡһСƿ
Сƿ˶˫ۣΪװ񵤣ǿֱӿҩ
죬ҲЩڴ
ϲ㡣
Цֽװ񵤵Сƿݸ졣
˫ֽӹлϡ
лʲôӦõĶҡҡͷѴأǲҪ̾ͷãȽΪĸȹһЩʹöҩ
лѡ
𾴵
ͷ˻֣ʾȥˡ
ٴιһ̨ⷽ
ܣ丮ӵĿⶼϣ˫миֲһ羴Ľʣ𾪣ɵ
ɱĪգɱܺƣһ
ĪյǲʲôܺƵһ̫ˣ
ݣʲôжˣ𣡡˺ߵ˵ˣս
ô˵ͳ˧ΪһưոݣֻһĪҾ͹ͷˣɱܺƣǵͳ˧϶Ź
⡭
ʲô丮֧ţͳ˧Σһ丮
丮أһֱ丮Уҡͷ˵ףĪҺͳ˧ûñȣǵͳ˧Ҳǵ۹죬Ȼ丮ȴҲη丮Ƿǣеıͳ˧ڸⱻһЩ֣鷳أ
⡭˵Ҳԡ
Ȼϵҡͷõ񵤣úܿͳ˧Ȼ£ǱȻڶ࣬ɵȵžдǿڸɱҲѡ

ٵ˽
ȻЩ˵ȴû̫⡣
̨£Զʱӭ
һ̫ˡ

֪ڵԼЦʱ󵨣ˣήˡ
죺ԻڣĹ߼
Цһս涷ϼ䣬оĺá
ڸѡξʹ˽һЩʦʾ£Χܵĵɢȥߵʱ򣬼˶ü뿪
㶼ˡ
淭ۡ
Ʒá
Ц
ޣҪ

໥죬Ҳ뿪
Զļɽ󣬼ڸӽԶȥıӰ
ԤϵĽ֣ʵû뵽һ˾Ȼܾˣܺƶնˡ

ڸҪӭһ߸Եˡ
˵Ⱥ뿪
ܿ죬ټ䳡ֻʣʯԼһЩ丮ʦִ¡
ʯ̨ϣ˿̨̣մȾŴĿѪˮʬ壬һĪգһܺơ
վһ˾þδ
κ󣬻࿪ڣһ丮ִ·ԸĪյʬ͵ĪȥͬʱĪҾ丮ʱƽϣٸҪҾ丮飬ƽĪҡ˶٣ɨܺƵʬ͵ͳ˧ܺأԼµսԹκˡ
ǣϣ
ִټˣĪպܺƵʬߡ
ܿ죬˶ɢȥֻʯˡ
վ̨ⷽϣ˾þδ
ôͷģ
ʯʵ
ҡҡͷĪҵǲΪǣͳ˧˵Щ鷳Ͼܺڵ۹лвƣԶĪҿɱȡܺػ丮丮ȴҲ̫˼Ҿ丮
ʯЦСһڴҸߣҰ
ŶЩ֣⻰ô˵
ʯ֮ǰĲ²ˣСһˡ
ô˵ǵߣһǲֵģҲСһԼ丮ҡͷ
ʦĶͽܲܲʣοǸͽܣѣҲĲܰɡʯ˵һĪ£ĪҾȥڰɭִɱСһСһﵱʱʵôƾԼų
һĨâ˵
ʯͷϣһЩǿȷʵõԼĥ£ڴﵽһ߶ǰ᲻ܲʡɷܲоԣԶΪ۸ʦȻҲֳܱĬ
˶٣ʯûв´Сһ֮ǰ˵ˣνʧٵĪʵӦѾˣǱʦնɱǸʱСһӦҲʦİ²ŰȻĴӺڰɭ߳
⡭
һ룬ɵõͷȷʵпܡ
ĪҾȥڰɭִɱ죬֪ǲ˶ٸ֣ĪĪﶼȥˣ˲ᣬֻһĪѹȫ֣һ۷ǿߣôܻһʿȻӵ
Ȼ֮찲ȻĻص丮ǿĪȴֱʧ٣ȥһ¶Ѷ·Ǵ˼˰㡣һ룬ĪǱɱ⣬ﻹĿԣ
ҲǾȡˡ̾ͻȻʯЦ˵ϼһƽֵģ˼άͦܡ
ʯЦԾϢ£żǻġ
ˣˡ֣ô˵ȷʵǷĶˣĪҲʲôͳ˧̫֣Сһ˻ǻʱƾӿˣǵߣǵ۹Ҷ޿κΡ

ǣĪҡ
С¶첻ã
ĪĪյʬ壬Ƿŭ֮ɫ
ɱ첻ɣǱ丮֪࣬ĪҶԾԲǼ¡ͻĪʬ丮ִµľ֮ﻹڶ߻صĪɫѿ㡣
վŲĪӵܣ˿̴Ҵһ
ȥ丮ļߣһʱ䣬Щ
ĪҧܺɱĪɭ𣬿ϾĪ֮Ծ丮ľ棬һ˿⡣丮ƽĪҡȻ˵ˣﻹҼ죬ھ丮УĪ档
ͬһʱ䣬ͳ˧
ĪҺؼңͳ˧ûôݻǳһɱ֮Ժ˸ʽĵ
һ죬һŭͳ˧
ܺضܺƵʬ˫вѪ˿ɱӿ
죡죡
ܺŭ
ͳ˧лһЩطǵĽ죬ܺƵʬ壬˵ɭһƬ


92 Ԫ
ΨһĶôɱܺص˫һƬ죬ͬҰް㣬ɢž˵ɱ
ܾôˣҪСл
ֻǣ丮Ǳߡ
丮ΣҾͲСֻҪҳȡͷ­
ٽ

ܺص쳹

丮һڷֿ漴صס
ʱɫѾװ
룬ϰڷſɿڵķˣðŵϦķǰϦѾ˯ˡ
ǡ
ЦЦСں÷š
ùϦ׼ķˣʰ꣬漴󴦡
̻üƺһʼȻʱΪ磬Ϊȹ̾硣ڸѡεһõ񵤣ֻҪ糹ȹͿԴ˵
ˣ
ҹĻѾִأ¹ġ
ڵԪѪ⣬Ǻอڣγһ޴ѭ˿̣תļЩԪʱѪ⣬͸ǣอͨһƵԪתϵͳϢ
糹ȹ̺󣬷񵤣ﵽ

ʱ䲻ˣڣϵ鷳Щ࣬Īңͳ˧һ㣬Ҫ㹻ԱʵȻһֱϡһﵽͲٹ˼ˣЩɱѣ
ҲˣȺûϢֱӿʼ
ˣ
ǳ֮ԴԴϵĳŶ󴦻۶תļЩǳԼڣԪǣǽѪ⣬ǣԴǣþԸߡ
ܿ죬һҹʹ˹ȥ
峿˫ֻۣоͨ泩ȣΪҲЩ
¶ӭųɣ漴쳯䳡ȥ
䳡Хһڴ˵ء
Сӣܲ
ХкǾâյڸѡδХȻҲڣ̶ˣһ֮ս⸮ľӢսǿߣΪڸѡεΨһʤߣҫʵ̫財
ǰ硣һ
ХͷЦСӣڸѡεһմսһúϢϢȻôǲ̫ڷЩ
ǰǿôˡ
Ц
СӣƨХȴԽԽ⣬ǻһȡĳɼβ͹ˣȴʼһ̬ȣ꣬ίʵѵá죬ХֵȥȵȵȣҺִ´к
ǡæȥԪ󡣡
丮ԪЧߵԪӻ񣬻ָٶȸ죬ҲһЧߵʹߵΪӵļ̡һʹպ·˳Ҳʹսои־õսֵνǿ
֮ʱԪ󣬾ͨԼΪڶʱøʵٷ񵤣һٿֻп丮վ˽ţ߳丮Ҳڡ
Ԫ󣿡Х΢٣漴ȻЦˣ뷨
ȡڸѡεһõ񵤣£ХȻֻ֪һͼԵһ¡ХȻӵѵȻѾڸӣХʵĽʼջǵԼŵĵӣ˿ˣȻЩæ
£ХԪ˵
Լֺһ˵촫
ˣȥɡХͷ漴ֵˣСѾڸӣԺˣҪκһУԼȥ˴кɣңڸÿжʮʱ䡣
ʮ죡΢ʶôã
ȻǺãˣ⸮ôͷ­ڸ
Хͷ
ô˵ܻǾÿЩ
һ룬첻ɵһЦڸӵȨȻСԴϵбίʵЩšҪ֪⸮һ˵ʱֻʮ죬ʱ򣬻ҪԼĵʦУڸӣȴǿֱִ¿ңÿжʮʱ䡣
Хҡͷⲻʲô⣬ڸÿȡʮöٹȵٹȵһ֧һоκμʡ˶٣ХɫЩҪǣֻڸʸ뱱׵ԺѡΡ
׵Ժ
΢
Х죬㲻֪׵Ժ
죬ХıһŹ֡
һֱæûȥע¡
Щ˼
ŶХͷҲû׵Ժ˼壬Ǳ׹ڻʳǵĵ۹丮ģԶԶǾ丮ȡ׵Ժؾḻ似ʤԴʦҲǿߣ˵Ǳ׹׷ǵá
˶٣ХŵȻҲΪˣ뱱׵Ժνѵ㣬۹丮ֻţ丮˵׵Ժÿ궼丮һΣǣÿֻһӣ
ֻһ
쾪ȡ
丮Ųν٣٣ڸǿߣɾˣ׵Ժȴÿֻһˣⱱ׵ԺҪ󵽵ж߰
ǵģֻһˡХͷ漴ЦСӣĻȫõģԺǳ¡ʵ˵ʣǷڻʳǣͬҲûм˿ȣû⡣
ǰˡ

Хҡͷ˵ʵûа󡣡
˵ţХһĨ⡣
һ㣬΢ǰڻʳд
ХͷЩ̾ǰһʱ䡣˶٣ХԼҡҡԴЦˣʡ֮ڸӣԺʱٺҴкȥɣϣЩԺ
Улǰָ̡
ͷ
һ߽һߵԪʯš
ⷽʯź丮ִţ˵ͷ
漴̤ǰһڡ
ʼһʱһֻоڵԪٿʼţͷ·һקסڵԪڷĳϡ
Ԫ󣿡
΢
ֻһ룬Ӧ
һϥ£ʼתļ
νԪ󣬼ԪͬʱתָԪͷΪһӸˮԴһŷˮһעˮӶʹóˮ峺ʣ߼Ȼ𣬲ȴͬһ
ǾĹ졣
찵ޡ
ԼҲԪͬʱ˹ָԪѶȴߣΪľ񣬶ⷽУʹüԪֻҪԼתָԪɣһԵࡣ


93 
ԪţϥļתԪŵͬʱµԪڣֲԪġ
ˣ
ûڡ
Ԫİ뾶һɣռطΧûп󣬱ҲûͬǰϸµķҪȴ࣬ⷽУԽǿλãԪٶȾͻԽ졣
ھĴžʮɣתļָԪٶȣȴҲǸԪٶȣȻ򵥡
찵
û̫룬ٶһ쿪ʼתļ
ڿеĥԪڵԵÿЩԴ˲⣬һ;輫࣬ʲôôﶼܲˣôܹǿ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱоڵԪŵЩˣʧȥ֮
Żܼʱ
һ䣬
ʱѾȥֹȥʱڵԪѾһɣҲʱվŴȥúķΧµĿʱӭԪŵĸоҲ֮ʧ˲ɺܶࡣ
վԭأԸһڵԪȻ˾ųɣʣµһԪȴ֮ǰԪ˲٣Եøӳʵͷ·޻һȻѷţһűѹѷţһȴǲͬ
΢΢쳯ȥ
оΣ
Ԫ߳ХЦʵ

ص
ХЦԪ뾶ɣ׼ȷĲλ֣ǰҲܽЩ飬ÿʮɾΪһΡ򵥵˵ھԵʮλôﵽԪĶųƽԪȼɣھԵʮλôﵽԪųƽԪȿĳɣԴƣĴﵽԪųƽԪȺͻָ
ߵԪԽսԽ־ãսҲԽǿ
ȻԪָٶԽ죬Ҳһһ¡
лǰָ̡

Թ£ڵԪȣԼһҡ
ˣȥϢ£ȡմﵽ
Х
ЦųǣХ»صס
ʱѾӽƻ裬صסϢʱֱҹʱ֣ڣ̻ƿʼС
ˣ
ҹǹ貣׷£֯ߡ
ԪʱоԪ˲٣ΪȻҲӵȹ̣ûмŷ񵤣Ǽ̾硣ɸ¥ƽ𣬻ҪԲԶϣԲ
һҹֻоιЩ
ڶһ磬ԹһЩٴԪ
ˣѭһȥ
һ죬Ԫֻ߳оˬʱ䣬ѾھԵʮλôﵽԪԪųƽԪ˴Լɣľǳȹ
仯ͦ󣡡
Х޵
Ĺ۲죬ÿһδӴ߳仯һθХı仯Ϊֱۣνʱ䡣
ǰĸЦ
Х˵һỰ뿪
ȥ·ϣ˸ŵâʱˣԳˣ
Լȥ֣صס
ûκϢ쾶ֱ󴦣תļһһԪȫ̴Լһʱһʱֻоʷ۷壬ͣ
΢һСƿС
Сİǿƿʱ䣬һŨķƮ˳Ⱦ赤ķŨֻζ͸оԼĻë׶չ˿ڵԪһ˲Щ·ȸԾ˰㡣
ȻԼֵҵ䱦
찵
һ룬丮ãȱó
СĴСƿȡ񵤣񵤺;赤Сֳɫ˱ǡһ漴ſڣ񵤺ס븹С
˳ź븹Уڻ
ʱ񵤲ûʲôӦʱţԼʮ͵һֻо·ȼ˰㣬һɼµڶ𣬷һɽڱˣҪɵ
һ˲䣬ļһƬ졣
漴һɾʹҲӿ
򶨣
찵
žʹ˫ۣȫڡ
ҵʹвϴ񵤵ҩʼ壬ֻһ˲䣬ٸС㣬ͬҹǳһ㡣
ʱȻԼڲȴһֺܹŹֵĸоǾǣܹĸоЩСĴڣָоͷ·˫ۣȴ֪Լַ֪ԼĽžںδ
Ѩ
лһĨâ
Ѩ屾ڵѨЩѨھͨ·ϣ鲼ȫڴﵽ壬̼ѨľͨһѨγɵһˣɿ
񵤼Ӵľۺ壬ҲѨһȫԻĴ߻ʱеѨԻ֪ǵĴλãͬһʱ䣬񵤵ĻҲڳ˺嫵µܡ
ʼһ

ٵѨЩѨǰ͹˾ۺΪ飬Ѩͷ­Ϊʼ㣬֫Ϊյ㡣ν֫Ȼ֣ȣ࣬ģΣƢΣ໥ѨλȴΪһ飬ˣѨͨͨγɾ
˿̣תļƾűֱܵʼԪǣһ
һѡΪ׼һѨ
ˣ
תļԪӿһڣʱ䣬Ǿҵʹбøһ̣ʹͷ­һֱ쵽ۣ쵽ÿһָ·иСڣзݴ塣
ģâѪ⡣
ʹǱøӾҡ

ҧ֧š
ԪΪ룬ԾΪߣһ̣ǣͷ­ۼһƾűܶԼĸоЩһӵ·ϵСϣЩС㣬һϵĵѨ
̣ÿһʹľˣֻǣԼǿʹ߶ûкһڣеľâˡ̾ʹ࣬ǣÿоԾͨһСϵϢǿ֡
⣬Ȼһֶ
ˣʱһһţգۼ䣬ʱȥ
䣡
һ̣һǿӿ֣Ȼ˫ۣҲܸоԼ˿̵Ĳͬͷ­۵֣ǿͣѪ˳ȭͷ΢ռ˱ըԵ·һȭһǿߡ
˫ۣоâ貣ڿˣ


94 ߱
Ԫӿֻо˶һˣǸǿѪˣǿࡣ
ܺã
һĨ貾âɵõ
ٵǡ
ƽ飬һٴתļΪ
ļǴȴ幦һļһֱȥ˫ʥͬʱҲڣʶںڵ֮Ҳ˵֮Ҫй͹ϣļӣҪǸԴǿ似
һʱؿʼ䡣
˫ֻۣоΪȹ
չ˫ۣԶ¡
磿ϦСһߵķ߳ڳԷ𣿡
á
Ц
ϦϢʱܹɣСð򵥣ȴ㡣
СľǰϦĳ࣬ż̧ͷһ졣
Ȼע⵽ˣ룬ͷʱһ丮Ѿˣʱ䣬ԼһֱæûϦ
СϦȥ𣿡
Цʵ
Ϧʱ˫ۣ磬㲻æˣ
ʱˡ
ͷ
ѾﵽĪңͳ˧η塣
Ϧܸˣͷһȥ档
£˾մϦȥ丮ߡϦ׼Լȥʰ֮꣬Ϧţ˳Žһˡ
ȥ棿
´죬΢΢ü
ô⣿
Щ֡
죬ſŶСǰĪҺͳ˧ˣڳȥ±˿𣿡
£漴Цãڲˡ
ڡüͻȻɫһ䣺㵽ˣ
ͷȤʦ
Ȼ⻻ݺݵһš
ﵽȻҲٵģ٣ﵽܹвˣѾûжˡ
һ𣬳丮ȥ
У˺󣬶ɵͣ໥Сʲôʱʱָָ㡣ڸѡϵıʵ̫ף丮˲֪˲
³׳丮ˡ

ϦС֣ЦƷãû취
ޣ
һڡ
һߣұߣмϦСŮ֣֡
ⳡܾЩŤ
ͻȻ
ŤЩ֣ɨ˼ۣⳡȷʵôһ˿ŤȥЩ֮ҡĻʱһ죬˹ȥĵå޳ܣģҪ
Ѿͷ˵Ĵʶظġ
һ𣬺ܿ߳丮
Ҳʱ򣬼߳丮ɲǣ丮ԶӰһ
ȥλ죬ˣ
һ
ǣ
ԱһӦһ뿪

Ǻܴ󣬽ֵϵ಻ʤ
ֵ߾ЩС̷ʹףЩ˽ȴ㲻ͣʲôǺ«񻨸⣬𳦵ȣСԲ
Ϧ˫ۣ˫۾
СϦҪʲô
Ц
ϦЩˣЩԥСǸ磬кܶǮ𣿻Ҫġ
΢㶣Щᡣ
ȥʱּұ̲˵ĺܼƽ˼Ҷ磬Ϧһֱܽڼ󣬾˲٣ȴ£Ϊ˷ѶӰԺӡ
ûϵڲȱǮԣСϦõġ
Ц
ϦţȡһСӣǧҡ
öడ
Ϧ˫ۡ
Ȼ涼Щ죬ǧң丮ϵ״˵ҲǸСĿɿ̬ȣȴһȫνı顣
һ
ֹܾЩˡ
ȡһҺϦ㲻ٵʲôˣôң㹻ܶˡ£СŮһѡѡǸʱණȻЩСҲʮҡ
ϰ壬ݣ
㣬ֻ
СϦҪѩ𣿡
ţ
ս㣬ǱߣŴźģ
ϰ壬ݣ
˺棬ǮᶫţĻʱЩһΪʲôÿҪݣԼһȥĶˣ
ˡ
Թҡͷ
˺棬ϦһĻЦˡ
ú·һƥׯϦͣΪ·Ư
ѡװɡ
Ц
⣡
ͷ
Լʱʱ䣬ΪϦ˼£ļ£ԼҲѡ˼ףȻʲôģͷϡ
λߺá
ƥׯƹһ顣
Ӳƥׯ߳Ϧ֮ǰ·ʱһȹǸɾգһѵСԱߣȻҲǲºԵøףò·Ͷ޵Ŀ⡣
ˣҲЩ⡣
ʱ仹磬
Цʵ
Ȼ
붼ûʹ
ţ
ϦҲʹͷСŮѾܾûôĵˣˡ
ЦЦŮĶԼĶһ룬ҽ˳ǲȻ治֪ôϦ棬Ͼ£ʵûʲô飬ȫֵ֪ڡ
ǰˣ
𣬴һ󼱴ٵ
ƫͷֵֻϣ׵Ӳ
⼸˴Ŷʮңÿжһ˳ìì˸ɭɭ⡣
һĻֵϵǴʧɫ׷ߣóͨ·
ĵŵ̤ɳ
˴ڽֵ룬׼Ϧһߣɾʱȴ͵һƥʱĳײ
ɫһ˲ˣǳģ
ﵽʶĸоǣ˵˫ۣоһɵɱ
ǰˣÿ
˺ȵȴǺݺһٱø˼֡
ڣһб˳ì˹״
ƥս˻Х̤ĵƺζ
ϦܾŵС԰ףק½ǡ
Ŀʱһʵɱ͸ӭƥʱʹúߺݲ͵ͣ£˫ǰȫ뿪棬ϵ˦˳ȥݺݵˤڵϣ
ļ޶ɱɢɱ⣬ƥɵ
ˤڵأ˷ƺ
ԵЩǱվ໥һֳۣìǰ֮
Уһͷģɭﲻˡץ
˵һ˶֣ԽϦץȥ
һץס˵̧һţݺ˸
һ˲ҽźɣڿоͿȳһѪ


95 ݱ¶
磬ʵһصıεסһţûеȥѾˡ
ҵȷս㾹ҶǶ֣ôĵӣ
ͷŭȡ
˵ץ˵죬գ̧־⡣սţЩ˵ǰ׳ĵⶼо
㡭
飡
̧һţֱӽ߷ɡ
Уһ˶ʱˣʵû뵽Ȼôǿơ
ܣȺһĻۡ
Ǹˣ˭ȻȻҶԵ۹ս֣
⡭
ƺּҵү죬ϦҲڡ
⡭ּҾûû䣬Ҳûӿܸǵ۹ʿοڣɵ˲ɣ
ôôǿˣ
ֵϣ˵ɴ˫ۡ
ʱԶٶ𣬵ҡεĸ
һۣһʮ˵ıʿߣǰƥѪϸԶһˣÿ϶ɢļµѪϢѹȸʮ㡣
겢ǷǵĽ죬ҷֱΪƶƽ֣ĩڵΪ
ô£
ƽȵ
δ߷Ǳʿʱ˫һæǰλ󽫣˲񣬻Ƕ֣ʵĿ޷ͣλϳˣ
˵˵ǵƥǳʱԼˤȻ鷳ֻ

Ǻ˵˵ǵ·м䣬ս״Ǳʿָ죺ӵ۹ͣͥ³ִҾͬ飬ⶼʵ
ɨһ죬нԻһĨ⡣
ƽ£
ǣ
˻£ʱһӱʿѹ
һŭǾȻ
ʱ֣
̧ͷ˫ۣźѪϵˣͳ˧ܺصĲ£
ԣܣ˱ɫ
ˣȻֱͳ˧˵䣿
ǡ
ôĵӰҪˣҪˣ
ľ
˸Ǻ˵øԶº쳶ʲôϵ
ͳ˧ڳˣƹŷеı˾ηȻǼҲҲڣȻ˸ֱ䡣
Ǵ󲻾
Ѫϣŵ˽ɫһ£ۣ
ô˽ǰһʿֱ
ЩʿϹսˣϵϢԶһ߿£˿̣ϢۺһӿɷˣԱߵϦɵò
硣
ץ½ǣϦƯС΢΢ףЩ¡
ϾϦֻǸСŮѡ
ͷһϦɫӱﵽΥĴϦߣȴ¡
֮ǰϦһЦ˿̣ȴǻ˻̿֡
棬տСϦ

ʶͷͬΪߣҾôоŭ⡣
£潫Ϧ˹СĻߡ
ʱһڱʿѾǰ
־ܣ
Ϊ׵һ˺ȵң˸ǳսì졣
һץסսìһ𣬶ʱ䣬һɴ͸ì˹ȥһìɡ
һ֣
Ա˴ȡ
սìһǰ̧һţݺ˳ȥһţ飬ʱ߷ɽʮԶſڵû˶
㡭
ӱʿʱȫɫ
ޱ飬ûа仰ֳֹսìһ㣬ɨ
飡
飡
飡
ʿʱͬ˰㷭ɣѪˮ硣
һĻһƬ
УЩߣӲûɳ
̬
˸죬Ȼһɨˣ
˲ã˲ã
ļ¡
ƥѪϣɫǳ
мĳƽŹ۹ʿôġ
ʱƿ֮콫еսì˳ȥ۵һƽҼ磬Ǵųƽ壬ֱϷ˳ȥ
һƽĵϣһھѪ˳
һĻƶ֣ĩɫ
õ
ȫ֣
˺ȵ
˵꣬˴սԾ𣬿ƽߣȡҩƽˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƥսıʿȫ˳ȥսˡЩͶأǿأ˵ûһӹ֣ǿߡ
ɫܣiӭϡ
飡
ɲǼѣǰһ˱߷ɣ
Щ˺ܲȣȴǴӤ
һʱ䣬ҽʿ¡
ҵ죡
˰
̲סҺ
ʱط첻νң֪˶˵Ŀ⡣
ױλڴ˵زԶܹ࣬ױȴԵøҫۡ˿̣ױ¥ĳʷʲôüߵߣҰУһ걻ʮʿΧм䣬Ȼȴƽذ㣬ּ̧ܻ˺ɣȼܻ˲Һ
ǿСһȻ۹Ӷǡ
Щȡ
ʱһƹʱɫ
ϣ
е
ôˣ
ʷʵ
ֱŴ⣬ͷҲصĵ˾֪ˣ
ʷЩ棬ǵһμʧ̬
£ʷ߹ȥߡ
ŶˣȻҵ۹ʿ֣ӻ治С
ʷü
ҡͷָŴϣ㿴֣
ʷӺ棬ѭĿȥ
ʱ䣬ʷɫ䣺ǣ
ҰУʮʿΧŵָ꣬ϣȻһöʯ䡣
ʯ䣬ѵǡ
дǲǰչöʯ䣬Ǹһ
˫۷Ź⣬·´½㡣
ʷڶݣô˵˿ʮʿս꣬Ǹӵ׿ˮ׼ĺСֵܣ
ǣǸʯ䣬Ҳῴģ
ͷ
ʷ򶨣˿̣ȴ˸
ֱȥʮʷƽˣСӦòǴңҲֻſԽͣΪʲô˿۹ʿУҵֳ֡ǸСֵܣȷʵӵ۹ʿʱ
Ŵ⣬þδ
СһڴˣԼ¶ģûȥม˫ȭ欵ˣȻ֪жǿ˶٣ɫһʷϣȥһ°ɣʵʱ
ʷ΢΢һЦá
ãüЩʿĶ֣滹죬ҲܳƶЩв
ڷǵӲ̣ԷǵĴСһЩ˶Ƚ˽⣬Ƿͷˡ
ʷ΢΢һЦС㣬ûСֵѾˡ
ԣɫ䡣
ȷ
Ȼ
ʮ꣬ʲôĸ
£ϷôῴʷҡͷҲǾâ˸ʮ꣬׿ʦǿߣϷԽԽ֪Сֵ󵽵վһεȿµĸˣôĵӡ


96 նɱ
ǽֵϣʮʿΧ죬սìĻһƿյķ
ϧȴûаá
飡
̧һţһʿ߷ɣԶ
ͷܿһʿì棬һץסìɱʿͬʱ˳ֽì˹
וּһì𶯣һ˱ɡ

һϣúϻ֮
󣡡
бʿȵ
սϣ۹ʿһЩСսӵսЩȻǿʦ£ЩǳĺϻƶԶԶȲϡ
ʮʿλܿһĶΡ
󣡡
ͷıȡ
ɲʱ䣬ʮ˵Ϣ·ںһǿɢһͷǴһɹɾ˵쫷磬ˡ
ֵһߣ߶ݣ󣬱仯ˣǵ۹Ӳƿصĺϻ֮뾹Ȼ￴ˡ
˵ţ˵ĸԶЩ
滤ϦһĻҲǶݣСĵ㣬ǺϻǵĹۺһȻȫۺϣս
֮ͽȻ֪
˿̣ѳɣʮʿһսӿ
ϳ£Щ˲µľӢ󣬾ʮõ˵زһ
󷽣֣ĩ޵
ƽѾȶЦƽռ䣬ǶһѵֻǺϤˡ˶٣ƽĿɭȻССүֳ˵͵Ϯú
ƶӦϳ£úЩӢкСãͳ˧ɱ
ģСʱһֹͣ¡
ƽ
ǰʮһſһ
ɱ
Ϊ׵һ˺ȵ
һǿߣſͷ­λ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
УսŨɱǿ
սһܣ֪ж˱ɫɫˡ
ʮʿƾס
Ⱥϻ֮ޱ飬ֻһгìݵķɳֱĹᴩС

ҽУһʱ
漴ʱͬʧȥ֧Ȼ̮
󷽣ƶɫ䡣
ܣ
ƽе
󣬾Ȼˣ
һߵƶ֣ĩҲɫһ䡣
һ͡ôܣ
ƶľ
ܣֵߵĹսѾɴ˫ۡ
⡭ղʲô
󣬱ˣ
𺳡
õĺϻʦ£˿̾һ͸ˣ
涼ֱ۾ΪĹŵӣǺ󲻼򵥣ǿߣӦҲ÷ѵ㹦Ƶ󣬿ɴ˿̣ľǣֻⶪгìȻͽⷽˡ
ԶЩĵطױ¥ʷʼչעŽֵϵ档
ߴߴ磬һԡ
ʷЦ
׿ʦǰŪȺϻ֮ɡ
ߵ
һ飬ʱ䣬ʮʿɫԱ䣬һ·ͷӬ
Ǻϻһ㣬˵սۺһʹսǿ󷨱Ƶ˲䣬ȴǻڶʱţͬǱȥҰҰޣս
󣡡
죡
бʿ
һֱ롣
ʮʿޱ飬ֺ飬һȭһȶбʿҽкɡӰȭһȭʮ˵ȭӰݺᡣ
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷϵϻ죬ҽҲʱʱ
תۼѣʮʿȫɣ˵һأϡ
һĻֵߣ뵹
һˣɨһ֧ʮʿɵĶ飬ɶǵ۹˰
ôĵӣ
ŭ
˶һͷȥֻƽɫվڳƽҵƶ֣ĩҲĿ䡣
⡭
죬ƽƶ֣ĩɶǿ߰
ˣԵ۹ˣͲ֪һ𣡡
Һ
ȻЩ˲ͷʱɵĶһ㶡
ֻɨʮʿ󣬽Ų˿ͣǳųƽ˱˹ȥ
⡭Ҫʲô
ͫײɵý
һĻױ¥ʷǲɵһЦ
кϷˡ
Цһʱʮ㡣
ǽֵϣһųƽ˱ȥ䣬䣺ëˣ
κ˶вܴĶۣһԣϦɾۣɶƽСŮΨһˡ
ʱ䣬ûоһֳΣûϦϦΪ͵ͬƬʱǰ㡣񣬴ﵽϦ棬ȴԭһϲϦȺʿĻֺ̿£жʱһɼŭ֮⡣
ӰһΣ˲ѣǰ
ٶȣ˶һ
ƽ̧֣סĵҪγʱѾؿڣһ㵹˳ȥɵ÷һʹƺߡ
㡭
ƶ֣ĩɫ֣ץ졣
ֻǣǵٶȣԶԶû졣
֣סƶ΢΢һƶ˶ʱݺˤڵϡͬһʱ䣬һƳ֣ĩϡ
žһ֣ĩ˺ɣһݻѪˮ˳
ǶҶ֣
ƶŭȡ
ͷƶޱȣɱǶң
̧һţƶ
һƶŵɣײڲԶһϣ۵ſһѪ
ҵ찡
⣬⣬ɣôͣ
λ󽫣ɶ
ļ¡
ǿվһ𣬾Ȼô򵥾ͱ߷ˡ
󽫣
ٱʿҲȻ
ٴζ죬Щʿ¶֮̿ɫѵǹȥӣʵȴֲȻ󽫶߷ˣ
ƽվɫһһס
ģ
ƽһƬŭޱȡ
һߣƶ֣ĩһɫѿ˿Ƿ죬ʵǿպգڳͳ˧˲֪˲Ǵ˿̣ȴǱһ˸߷ɣʵ̫ˣ
ɱ㣬ҳƽĲΪˣ
ƽ
𣡡һͱˣ±ӣɡ
һ棬һսì𣬱һУ漴֮Ҫƿսì͵Ͷ
սìƿ硣
ۣ
ɲǼ䣬Ѫ⽦սì㣬ֱӳƽؿڴǿ͵ųƽʬһ·쭣նʮһʯǽϣѪˮȾǽ档
һĻʱ˼
ɱɱˣɱˣ
˿־ķ
Χܵ˴඼ͨƽ񣬼һĻܲ¡


97 ۣ֮
ƽʬ屻ԶǽϣѪˮνĿġ
һǿߣôɱˣ
㾹ɱ۹죡
ƶɫ
һߣ֣ĩɫȻҲѿ
õ۹ңУʲôǣûκ塣Įˣܱ䣺ǺһΪܺɱɱңɱǣƽʲô⣿
˵Ŀģһ۾ܿɱܺƣܺͳ˧ܺصĶӣЩΪܺµıȻΪͳ˧ʼʿֻ׼ĵߣֻҪһԸĽڶѣ
㡭
ƶɫʱ࣬Ϊȷʵû´ǾΪɱ
ˣһϣʱ򣬿һᵽˣĺܻʱ䣬ڽʱңҺ۸԰ɣ
һԭ˲ҲˣɱȻ飬οΪˣϦܵţҲܵ¡
Ϊֳί
ˣһһi˹ȥ˿ϵɱ⡣
ӭƶ֣ĩһ
һϣ
ƶ֣ĩһۣͬʱͷ԰γԼı
ƶʹõǽ֣ĩʹõǹ
ﬣ
һʱ䣬̶ı쳹ķ
ɱ
˴һͬʱ졣
һʱ䣬ǿҵԪ֯侪ˡ
ƶ賤̶Ӱ鲼ܣһɱ֮һߣ֣ĩеĳǹǰԵǹġ
ǿ
߾ȡ
ĵ۹ʵ𣬹Ȼ£
ƶĽܳҲܿȻһĽҪǿһЩ˿ֻ̣еĽзŵѪâɱϢŨңĳ¡
һÿ˻
ޱ飬΢Σ򵥱ܿһͬʱһڽϡ
ﬣ
ʱ䣬Хƶֻоֽһ飬ɫٱ䡣
ʱ֣ĩĳǹˣ룬ֱȡš˿̣ǹֻһɾ룬ޱܿĿܣ
ɱ
֣ĩһĨɫɵȳ
ʱ䣬ǹٸ죬Ϣ£˲⡣
ɣ
֣ĩһһˣ
Ҳʱ춯ˣֻǼ򵥵̧֣һסĳǹʱ䣬ǹͣǹŽֻа߾롣
㡭
֣ĩɫʹ߶ǹȴҲóǹڣسǹ
һߣƶݣһԾ˫ֳֽն¡
Ų΢ųǹһתǹ˵ƶնµĳ
ǹײһ졣
ƶˣ֣ĩΪƶһ˫ֱЩ顣
쵥ųǹһˣĮĶˣȻΪܺƵ͸֪ʱɱҿƾҲңΪ۹ܹǣ
˵ţһ𣬶ʱ䣬һ͸ǹ˳ȥһ֣ĩ˫𿪡
⡭
ɵסĺϻ
ܣĲ
Ƕôǿʵ
¶죬ƶ֣ĩɫѿ
Ƭ̺ƺͬľϣӼ˵ͷ
ܺãվʹգɱƽΪ¸ش۵ģ
ƶ֣ĩϹսˣֻǼ򵥽ּξĿ£Ȼǿɵеùõѡ
˵ţƶ֣ĩתߡ
ݣ
һ˳ǹǰ
ʹգЦΪ˭ɱҾ򲻹ߣ
죬̲ס
ˣôôǿƣ
Ĳ
Ե۹죬Ȼôһ̬ʵЩ𾪡
ƶ֣ĩɫΪѿ㻹Ͼɱ
˵ˣɱңɱǣƽ
Į
£Ų΢ֻ˲ƶǰ
ƶȻٶȾסˣϾϹսˣȻ𾪣жȴǲһ㳯бնȥ
һסƶֽ֣һŤʱйͷѵƶеĳ׾ٵı˹ȥ

䵭
һӣѪƶĺֱն
ƶһڵϣ۾ɵĹԲſҪ˵ʲôȴһҲ²Ѫˮͣӿ鴤
ֻʮƶû˶
նƶ·ʲô¶ûзƫͷֻ治֪ʲôʱϦ˫
΢ůͷлѪȻ棬ȻϣϦתͷ֣ĩûκλһŶԷȥ
㡭
֣ĩ巢ӣȴ𣬶ӣ֮һʱ䣬ɫѿ
ʱѾױƽ
ﬣ
̶Хɱˡ
֣ĩҲ˲ʲô棬ͷܡ
۹죬Ȼˣ
Ŀɿڴ
ͣ½ŲһĨâűߵһ˳ìʱ䣬ì磬ݵķɳݺݴ֣ĩû롣

֣ĩҽУìŷɳԶһڵϡ
ѪˮʳܿȾ˵ر
֣ĩڵƬ̣ƶһ㣬ûκζ
һ˲䣬ѻȸ
촽£³һ֡
ЩŵͨʿɫҰףд˿־塣
죬Ȼȫɱˣ
ɨһ֣ĩ˵ʬ壬ֶгϦȥ
СϦǻȥ

£Ϧ棬ƶûмˡ
Ŷ
ϦСӦ
ɱƽ֮ǰסϦ۾ԣϦûпɱ˵ĳ档
ǣϦ֣ƫͷ棬мЦЦ
ߣ

ǣϦϦҪ󿴣ܿ뿪
ֱ쳹Զط˲Ŵ˿
ҵ찡¿ִˣ
찡ôɱˡ
նɱ۹죬Ǹֱ꣬ˣ
Ĳ
ƿ󣬺ɨʮʿնɱ죬Իǳϯǵĳ
Ǹ죬ȻѾôǿˣ
⡭󣡡
仯̫ˣȣȫͲͬһ˰
ٷǱصľ
ڵϵʮʿΡΡվɫ԰ף˷ƽ˵ʬ壬һ뿪
ȺʿҴԶȥıӰ˲һ̾Щ۹ʿƽռǺεȵĸ߸ϣΪǴŵ۹һ˸ǡǾڽգһ꾹ֺɨʮˣն죡
ŵϵһЩѪͻȻɵþüЩ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
૵
ױ¥ӱߣʷн˸
ǸһӴоͦº͵ģû뵽ôݵһ棬Ȼն˳ƽˡ
С
ʷ룬˴˲ôĶ
ôĶʲô
档
Сûע⵽СֵɱƶͷĿǸȹСŮϣɱ֣ĩҲǵһʱСŮǰǣСŮ뿪ڿСŮʱеĹк簮ԺŨ
ʷ
üǣŮȥֻЩŶѣûܵʲôʵ˺ǼһﲻھΪôµɱ˰ɣңɱĻ졣
ĳЩ˵һѾ㹻ˡʷҡͷ˵УľһƬǵģ˭ͻɱԷС㶮˵˼ɣ
΢𣬵ۣ֮


98 ڸ
ˣһ굱նɱ죬գۼ䴫ǳأĿࡣ
ģ
ɣ˭ô󵨣ˣ
ҵ죬硭̫ˣ
ǣҪˡ
죬Ǵսµˣǵ۹ˣ˱նͳ˧ǳӲԻָصĴۡ
ľ
챻ɱǳ¼
ͳ˧ȻһʱõϢңʮʿǽƽ˵ʬͳ˧
ͳ˧ˣλ󽫱𰡣
бʿе
ʬ壬ܺŭޱȡ
ˣڣҲͬһնɱ
øСĲСһΣҿ˭ܻ㣡ܺصɫˣȥˣб丮ˣ
ǣ
бʿӦ˳ȥ
ܺɱ⣬ק˫ȭƶţΪϾΪ㱨ˣֽС㱮ǰյ߻Ȼûгɹ챻ɱȴ㹻ʱ׽졣
һƥѪϢսͳ˧ٿ켫ĳųȥһĻ˿һЩ˶ʱͷһᵽսζ
Ҫ˰


ϦѾص丮סϦĶһһ治٣ЩС
Ķлˡ
ָȻԼɱʱסϦ˫۵¡
Сȴܴ
ü㻹˼˵һǰῼǵϦСֳֻϦɱ˵ӣõǶĶ຦£ϦÿجϦη𣡡
һΣѵĶԣǷˡ
˵ţ쳯ϦķȥСŮڳ򵽵һЩСװԼķ䡣ϦЦ
ˣˣ°ɡ
Ʋ
ʲô£
档
ʲô£ҧгݣһҧ˵ӣ㵱ɱ죬ɱɱܺǧٱΪܺػưոݣɱˣóԸĽڡ㷸£丮Ҳѱס㣡һµĺߣһΪʲôô嶯
ŵСϦˣҪɱңȻûĸôֲñ۸ġ
һҲ⡣
㡭죺˵£
Ҳ˵¡춢棬ͻȻٺһЦС棬
˭ˣھȥϦһúչ˵ģ
ĥ
ݸɵôЦ
Цʲô
ûʲôûʲôҡͷЦ֮ľˣܺذһЩãʲôСԵһݾϲ
۶죬һ˵ʲô
ûհ㣿
ȥĶͷ
һÿԼͷϵ֣ĺˣҺĲõġ
ս㡭
һϦڷ棬Ҳ֪ʲô¡
쳯Ǳ߿ۣ棬Цóչˡ
ϲûϵ
ߵ
˵꣬Ϧķȥ
˿ֵʱ˲ʳģϦһ֣úķ˱ϣɫζȫ
ãվǺã
޵
ιأһģ
治
ԶԣˡЦ˵Ȼͦȵġ
ʲô˼
ĥĸ֨죬ŭ졣
캹գֻǵЩȶѣȴǰ仰һȡЦˡ
ٷܿʰϦҪܣ漴˳ȥ
ȥģ
ʵ
ڸѡѾ˼ʱ䣬ӦȥڸС
ѵðȻ뵽һ㡣
һ졣
죺
һڣֱԼڸȥ
丮Ϊڸ⸮⸮ڸжڸĵӣס⸮Ҫǿ࣬ټȨԴϵбԣڸ丮ӵ롣
촩תǣܿڸ
ڸǰִأ콫ѾˢµƵݹȥִ¶һǸ죿
ҡ
ͷ
ִЩ죬Ƶݻȥûˣȥɡ
Щ֣Ҳûʣպƺ˽ȥ
ڸЩǼǺڸڸĳѣڸĵӴʱڸ
ʱ۵ӡ
ˣһ׳˶Ӷ˫ȭһսԱ߲Զվһ꣬˫ۿս
飡
飡
飡
׳˶ͳսһȭײͬڻİ㡣
찵Ծȣˣǿ
ͣ͵

׳˶ЦЦͣ
ֱʱǰλʦ֣½ڸĵӣҽС
δĻ˵꣬ǳȴһͿ絽ǰ
ʦܡ

Զ׳˶ͺҲƫͷ˹
Щ֣ʦ֪ң
Ͼ½ӵܣϣǰ˶ʦ֣Ȼʧ
֪Ȼ֪Цڸѡʱ˿ɶȥˣǳսʵ̫ˣ
ǫʦֹˡ
˵䣬ҲЩ죬ǿڸӾȻȥսˡ
ʱ׳˶˹֣ЦʦܣҽԽʦֱ֣С
ֺһ𣺡ʦ֡
Ϊˬʣ׽С
ЦЦǰһհףƵġ˶٣ָһߵĺ꣺Ǹһп׺һýģڸڶǿˡ
˵꣬ǿ׺˵ͷһߡ
⣬һһֱġհļ򣬿ȥ˵ĸ㣬ڿǳսʱһۿɸأ˵ʲôԽĪ
죡
׺
ڸռطΧ⸮ǰ󣬻ȴǺܺã¡
հվԱߣΪڸһЩ˺¡
ʱԶϣһ߹
ʦ֡հ׺ڸµӼ룬ΨһһڸˣʦҲкɡ
ͣ½Ųɨһ죬䵭֮ˣûҪ
˵꣬Զܿʧڼ˵ҰС
Уƨļһ
հײˬ
춢Զȥ꣬Է̬ȣǶĻЩ⡣հףʦ֣˵Ľ֮ˣʲô˼
죬հ΢㶣㲻֪
հףͿ׺ҲһŹֵ졣
֪
ҡͷ治֪ôһ¡
հԣʦܣִ磬ˣڣԼ¾Ȼ᲻֪̯̯֣հ׽ŵ㵱ɱ˷죬ֵǷ꣬¶ɴȥˣ鷳


99 丮
հ׳Ǵ鷳ʵѾίˣֱ׵˵ǼǵԴ£
հ׵ĻҲǶʱȻԭ¡ͻȻ𣬽ڸʱִ¿ЩŹ֣ԭɱƽ˵£Ѿ丮ˡ
ı飬հԲ죺һ㶼ģ
ġûʲôһжҵġ
հ죬ֻɫƽûа̬֮вɵĽһĨ⡣
ֵܹǷˡ
հЦ
ҡͷʦˡ
հװ˰֣飬һ㣬ʦʦܵģ£ֱ伴ɡ
С
ЦҲ̫ʽˡ
ֵܳڸ˴תתڸˡ

ͷãǾ鷳ˡ
Ӧõġ
Ц
£˴ϤڸЩڸӵճȻҪйڸӵһЩԴ⣺ڸӣƴĵ㣬һѡ似پʱƣڶÿ¿ȡʮöٹȵڿԪÿۻʮ죬ģʳǵĵԺѡΣֻڸʸȻǣڸӱ⸮ӸɣңڸСͻɱֻڸӿ
ͷЩ£ʵѾХˡ
˵ЩڸԱ°ɡհ׵ڸܹʮˣĻպʮˡʮУʮˣˣˣڶˣ죬һˡ
춯ݣڸ٣ȴĸǾӢءۿհˣհ׺Դڣ׺ڶء
΢ͻȻ֮ǰꡣ
Ǹ꣬ѵǡ
հףǵãհ֮ǰƺΪʦš
հ׵ͷľ۷壬ڸһˣקĺܡ˶٣հ׺ս죺£ľĪŵĹϵ㲻㶮ġ
ĪҵĶԹ丮˶֪հȻҲ⡣
л
ͷȻհ׵ĺ⡣
հװڰ֣ʾ⡣
հ˴Լʮң˿׺ô˵⣬հ׺󶼺飬һ쵹ҲΡ
ܿ죬˴죬ڸ˸顣
鷳ˡ
л
ڸѾһʱõǼǵĶѾǼǹٹȵҲˣȻȥ
ֲᵽڸ𣿡
հʵ
ڸӶжסڸԶ⸮ӵסҪϺܶ࣬Ҫǣסڸƽռܷ㡣
ˡҡͷЦϰϵط
ֵܻǸɵˣϲʺѡհЦ˶٣հ׵ɫԱЩôʿЩͻֵĲĽյ£˵ѾӦ֮
հô˵죬׺Ҳ⡣
˶٣Цǰɡ
΢㶣漴ҲЦ
Ǿͺá
հ׵죬˻ǱϾ͵ģϣزۡ
˻ᣬֺ󣬻ָ
ú»ص丮סһЩ
ﵽˣӦȥѡһ似

׽㹻ǿᣬȴɣңѾȫϡ룬ʰ¶ȥ

ǣֵͨ˴ʱ󣬸ֵ
ȹֵ̳ܼıʿӷǶһӿ֣ǵƲνǿһЩͨɫɷס
ʲô
Ѳе۹֣
⡭
ϰջ̿֡
һЩȴǷ쳣
ЩˣƺǷǵıʿнǡ丮
˶ݣܿ뵽ʱ¡
˵ɱǸ꣬Ǿ丮һӣЩʿѵȥ丮Ҫˣ
⡭
ͳ˧ܺأУǡ
˺Ȼ
Ǹֵϣǧĵ۹ʿÿ˶ǱᣬרõսףЩʿǰƥսս϶ˣһ࣬ϢˣܺءһˣȻ΢֣ɢϢȴ˿ܺǿ֣Ƿǳ
֮ǰܺ˽ɱƽ˵¸֪һŭһľƽ˿ɶǿߣǷǽͳ˧ˣȻնɱĿ޷ͣܲ÷ŭ£ܺؼǰ丮ҲĬˣϾҪ丮Ҫˡ
ŵŵš
ȹֵ𣬴һɳ
ױ¥ʷȻˡ
ϣǡ
۵
ʷͷ˵ݿɲһ㣬ЩˣҪȥ丮Ҫˡ
˫һͳ˧һǰ丮Ҫˣƾ丮ҲѱסǼһɣô˵Ǽһʦˣ
ԣʷɵһЦ
Цʲô
Щ֡
ʷûʲôֻǣǸСֵܿɲôץģС£Ĳھˡ
С£ѵ˵ǼһԼܽ
졣
ܼ򵥡ʷͷЦСƺͦȤҪҪȥ
Ҫ
ͷ˫ģȥ⡣
£ʷ¶¥žӳž丮ȥ
һգͬһʱ䣬Ǹˡ
Īҡ
ʲô£
Īһϲ
ûļ쵱նɱ죬˿̣ͳ˧Դǧ˾ȥ丮Ҫˣ
Īӵܼ
Ī͵һԱߵľúúã£Сֻôȥ
Ҫǰһ𣿡
Īӵʵ
Ȼǰ·
Ī
Ī˵Ī˵õ£
ؼҡ
ʲôͳ˧ͳһȥ丮Ҫˣ
䶯ݣѵΣˣ
뵽䲻Щ
㾪ʲôǸ汻ͳ˧ͳѹؼӦǼ²ŶԣһǾͿȫּ̽Ҳҵˡ
ؼҸ߲ü
ؼҵĹϵؼҵļ߲㶼֪Ͼ¿ˣȴŸ߲㡣
㶮ʲôҪ˵
ȵ
ؼҸ߲֪кؼҺȴֻһ֪첻Ǿ丮ĵӣһλˮ׼ĿʦؼҺؼұһλˮ׼ĿʦȫƿּҲҵмֵ
˵ĳ£ؼպķչûкô
Уҵȥ
伱
£ĳ丮ȥ
һ죬Ǹˣ̬Ȳһ鲻һ
˶Ǳſֵ̬
ʱ򣬳ͳ˧ܺѾǧʿ丮ǰǧʿۺһд󲿷ֶغصǿߣټϹսһƿνܿ£Χɫɷס
⡭ȻΧ丮ˣ
ôƣ
ǵ۹ӣ˭ǰ
С
丮ڣһĻɫ̫ÿ
Ȼ˸Χ丮
ͬһʱ䣬һʯӭǸһ丮ʦߡʯھ丮ǰŷܺأЩϣܺأǳıˣҵҾ丮£


100 
ΪܺΪͳ˧Ǹ߸ϵʯУȴվ㲻ʲôˣʯ˵ɫޱ䵭һǿϢɢܣ丮һڱʿЩĲ
۷ǿߣɲǿЦģ
λϢŭҵȲðϷҵõϢ丮һĵӣռ䣬ɱҷλ죬µԣλӦ׵İɡ
ΪأʯȴҪЩңǳݵλʯҲǲͣĳϸߡʴˣʯĺǳ⣬ϲûжŭԵúܳȡ
ܺҲվһߡ
ʯɫ䵭ɨܺء
γʹߵĲ£Ϊλᷢ£
˵
֣ϣ⻰ʲô˼
ʯƢûǰãһΪʲôԼܺأ
ϸ֣ƫͷʵܺأô£
ǲ֪ʯϺϵ˼
ܺҡͷ
ʯܺأܺأһףշ£ʲôè壬Ϊǻ᲻֪û鷳͸ˣȻҼڵ丮ǰ㵱Ҿ丮ǰ𣡡
նɱƽ˵Ѿ˷ǣʯȻ֪ң˸׿ʹ棬֪¼ϸ̡Ϊ丮ϣ˲ΪǿҲΪḻôῴ͸еı
ܺƸͷ£ôжд⡣
è壿Ҳ֪˵ʲôܺصգʿսңڽֵϱ丮裬ʿǳ˼䣬⵽Ź򣬳ƽǡ·ѵ˼ͱնɱ
˵˵һվܺصʿײսĪܾ˦ΪȴҪץ첻ǳֶѡ
ɵǣ¸շڶ·һʱ䡣ֵǣ첻ŲʣѹǣߣĳЩ˾ϲ⣬뺦ˣ˵滰һתͳ˧ǰڹƽսУ֣֮֮ܺ¸òıɣ
滰һ䣬ܣ˽ԱɫȫùŹ
Ǹͳ˧Ķӣսбɱˣ
£
⡭
ô˵һȷʵЩ֣̫ˡ
ô˵û֤ݰƾ²ⲻΪš
۷׷ס
ԶʷվͨȺ䣬΢졣
Сֵܣӻ治С֮ǰɱͳ˧֮ӡ
ʷЦ
ð⣺һ˼
һͷð亹ʵû뵽Ȼɱͳ˧֮ӣ
üλǣ
ͽ

˵ţཫ
ϵͷԭϸͽ˵ţƫͷܺأ⵽ôһ£λԿΪ棿
ˣĳǾˣԵо˵ҫܺɫʹȴֱͦţΪףĳȷ뱨𣬿ǹԣƶڹƽսбɱĳޣȴֻ£ĳԵ۹˵ģ֮¶Ȼĳ޹أĳú
ܺصĻϳʹı飬ò˶Ĭ
ңܺصĻºǧʿ˳
ǣ
ü
ʿϥ򵹣ˣ˱Ϊͳ˧ŵˡ
Ŷ˵˵ʱʲô
ǣһ˵գ˷ȥٽ³ͳ˧ȡһսŽͳ˧ҹ棬ڽ񳿵ǣɾǰͳ˧·ϣȴǱһ·룬սҵˤ
Сˤ޷ɹؼǣսƵˡҲ֪սжôҪ˵ʱֻŭޱȣʶȳ˼䣬ȷǴ֣丮ţȻǶ֡
ǡʱ򣬾Ѳֵĳƽλ쾭Ϊֻһ㹫֪Գǿ󣬾Ƕλʹɱ֡˵Ȼ£󺰵ˣͳ˧ˣһλ챨𰡣
ԣٴζݡ
⡭
˶ɵü
ĲУָ˵ѣŤʵ
С˾Ϊ棬аٻ𣡡
Ӳ
ʱܺǰֱʯ࣬ĳ֪ǹһ貵ţΣѵΪѵһţͿʹΪΪ𣿾Ϳʹкˣܣ˵䣬ܺק˫ȭٴ¶ʹ֮ɫƽ˲ĳĲºѣսµĵ۹սʿܾôˣϳ֣
ϳ֣
ϳ֣
ϳ֣
ܺƵĻ£һڱʿŴ
ǧʿۼһƵЩ¡
һĻΧ߽Զݡ
Զʷվһɵüͷ
ܺЩţͷ֪ͨƾ˵߱;丮̸ʸԱ㽫бʿۼ˿̣ǧʿһȺҪ丮֣Ȼ丮ҲΪѡ
ʷ
ϼ޻Ķ
ߵ
һڱʿƺƴһ˸߹һˣġ
ʯܺĵвǣ
ҡܺص丮ĵλ˲֪˲ĳмӣҲвλϡֻǣ۹첻ܾôƾױɱĳΪɵ丮λַ֣Ǻǧսʿģ˵ܺ˫ֱȭʮȹԣĳλϽ֣
볤Ͻ֣
볤Ͻ֣
볤Ͻ֣
һڱʿܺذ㹪ٴ
ԳŵˣΪ
ʯɫܲÿܺأǿԺȳ⣬ԳϣҲԲÿǧıʿȴʵЩΪ
üͷͣ£ǷôһȣǧʿǶ֮ͣ󣬶ʯλϣЩʿλλǵ顣ĳҲ˵ʲôϳֵĻɷż䣿ܲʲôɡ
ܹλϣȻͷԼ֮ˣʯè塱֣Ļͷ΢΢ɻܺȷʵ٣ƽ˵ȷǱɱȻʯΪˣҲȻʯ˵ˡè塱֣Ļл顣룬ϾоԼţϡ
ʯü˵ʲôȴǱסˡ
棬ȥ

ϼ˲ǼǿӲܾԵ飿
ߣһܺأסȥ
ܺһĨ⣬ɱƽȷ£ʯ˲µ˽յèΣֻҪҧϣЩʲô취³ǵͳ˧ѣǰʿҲȻΪһ丮ӵȻվߣʯҪҲ޿κΡˣֻҪгˣǧʿĺ£丮󲻽ˣ

丮ڣס߳žȥΪѾȹ̣׽еҲѾȫ׼ȥѡµ似
˵丮߼似µ似ˡ

һ룬âٹһʱ䣬丮ƾˣһ;ߵøԶȥߵĵط
ʳǣ׵Ժ
૵
һҡҡͷǰҪĻʵϾХԣҪ뱱׵Ժ졣
졣
һǰӭ˹


101 ȥ
ӣЩ֡
㼱ʲô
Źֵ
ʱԲ˫ۣҼʲô£
캹գѾͷģίʵЩ׺ݡ
ðɣǸ׷ʲôô
̬ȡ
̾˿ʲô£ܺغͳһˣ丮Ҫˣʦȥ
΢㶣漴һЦ
ˡ
ۡ
ɲǣһǵĺ£ߣ漴ɫ΢սϽȥϦ뿪

һ㶡
ʲô·

ڰɣ
ʲôڣΪεº֮ǰеñɱĿǵ۹죡֪ıҲ޿κΣòֻ֤Ҫܺҧɱ˳ƽ£㱻նǱȻ£丮뻤㶼ܣ˲Ҫҿɲ뿴ϦģϽߣ
һЦôˣôʦ
ʦǺˣܻң෴ң
ߵ
ݸ棬ЩжŮĺܺá
߰ɡ
˵丮ȥ
ϦߣǱȥ
ק졣
ҪôˣԵ̫壿֣ᵯĶͷЦ֮ǰҲʲôã˵ܣͦЩã㿴νܡ

΢
ЦЦ棬һ丮ȥ
һ
ĲС

丮⣬ǧʿۼһ𣬶Ϻܺǰ丮ǰǳʯࡣ
һʱ䣬Եúܽš
ܣΧľˡ
ʱ丮ڣһŮ˳
ˣ
ԶʷϸһĨЦ⡣
丮ڣǣ΢΢Ʋ죺Ĵܲ
ԱߣʷɵеΣ⻰ô˵ģ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼϡ

ǧʿǰʱıʿָС
ܺһĨ֮⣺
죬δ˵ʲô
ɿ֣ʯԣһ񣺡λϡ
ͷ£ӦѾ˵˰ɣ
ǵĳϡ

ôʱˣſģ丮ضվߡ

ԱߣʯһЦ΢΢ͷ
΢ůٴ񣺡лλϣ
ʯû˵
վֱ壬ƽǰһiֱӶϺܺأΪңǵֵ治СǧʿԳͳ˧ûаѹ
񣬶üͷ΢壬ֻʮ꣬ǧʿȴһȻı飬ЩŹ֡
죿˵˵Ϊɱˣ֪Ƕ
ϳ
ɨһ۶ϣûа仰Ŀȴܺϡ
ͳ˧ڹƽսɱܺƣغܲܺңõ۹Ϊ㱨̤ʯδЩ̫ˡ
쵭
⻰һܣ˽㶡
ɶ
˶죬ֶܺأĿȫϡ
ܺؾۼǧʿץ죬ڣ쾹ȻΪܺˣ˵ıһ졣һߣԭ̬Ⱥܲɴ˿ĻȴҲסˣô£
һ
󷽣˫ۣôţܺˣ
ܺɫһ䡣
죡ҪС֮ģҾ֮㵱ɱ۹λ죬ﲻˡ֮
ԣ˵
٣˵ǧУп
ܺأκ󣬵һЦѹܺǰα㣬ˣȻһС
㡭
ܺɫ
ĻȻƽеķ֮⣬ȴκ˶ס
ɱ֣ʱһŭԳսŵУ˿ڣ޵Ķ죺㣬ҹ³ǴصսţǴ֣ɱƽλ󽫣㲻ú
ú
Աߣ˸Ŵ󺰣ŭ֮ɫ
ңͬһʱ䣬ǧʿУʮ߳ЩʱƽʮӢ˿һָ죬ѵ·¶һ˺ۡ
Щˣµģ
˺
ʮվǰ϶һ࣬ҪôؿڣҪôڼҪôڸԺأڣ˵ֹǺȹǶˣģǱ롣
һĻΧ߽Զݡ
úݣ
С
ʯ඼ɵüʶһۡ
ɫһ죬ǿǱˣ
죬ϵһ˿ɫ
ˡ
쵭
ĻΧ߽һ㶣ԭЩΪҪжһȴ뾹Ȼôʹͳˡ
ɫƽҲȷʵɱ
ǡ
ͷƽ
ȺͣϵҲֱ̫ˬ˰ɣ
ʯҲһüĲȥҧˡ
һһ粵
Զ⡣
Ψʷһܵı飬ЦС㿴ȥǡ
Ź֣ȴǿǰ
丮ǰϵɫһ˿ɫˣ߽Գϣʲô˵ģǷ
ҿɲΪԼ
ƽ
㣡
ɢһ˿⣬̬ʵ̫ˣ
γҪͷԪƽΪһ֮ڶҵǰҾ㻹ϸһȽϺá
飿Ҫʲô飡һжѲ壡

𣿲ðɡ쵭һЦǰͨʿԳǷ֮ܺ³ͳ˧ȡһսŻƻ֪˿ǰ³ǣѯ³ͳ˧Ƿ£
⡭
ü
쵭ЦûС
ɫһܾ࣬Ц˲
ʱܺؿڣˣȻǾķڷǰ³ǣ³ͳ˧ǰ֤ʵܺЦ³ͳ˧ѣԵ
΢΢üãǱˡܾЩ鷳漰丮ʯ棬þΪãͬʱҲеΧ⣬ķڷ
ܺصͷɨ죬ʱͨʿ³ǺͷǣڹٵϤȥٻأ
ǣ
Ӧ
䣬ųȥ
ȵȡ
ʱ
ܺض죬Цôˣ
쿴ܺһۣĿڶϣγ⣬۹ͨʿ۹󽫾õ
üͷһ壬˫ֱȭһµϽսɳʮأǰұ׹εۻʣνй⣬ұ׹εԣ۹ʿ󽫾ˣнʿϽȨͬ壡
ܣ˶Ŀ¶֮ɫڱ׹ԣϽޱش
ɻ⣡
졣
ûˡ쵭Ц΢һƴСĽɫͻأС׼ǰ³ǵͨʿǣȥ³ͳ˧


102 
ɫƺСȴһּϵĸо˸ڹԡ
ͨʿѭʱɫұ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ϣͳ˧ܺأɫܺأȻ¶֮ɫ·𿴵ʲôµĶ
ǧʿǾԺȻ
ôʶⶫ
ۡ
һһݶ£²μӴ󽫾
ŶϹ£ܺԼǧʿһһ
μӴ󽫾
ߺҰ
丮ǰʱˢˢһȺˡ
ˣڲ
⣬⣬ǡ

⡭ʲô
˼ʯ
۹󽫾ôϺܺڶʵ۹󽫾ˣ뵽ֻüһ󷢺
ȺУۣһôȶ
ȻϽ͡
ʷЦ
俴һĻĶû뵽쾹ƿŽƿش˶дؼںϵƿУؼҾǼ°
֮ǰǶǺͿˣ
ԱߣؼҸ߲㼤ѡ
Ȼ
ߵ
ǸˣĲȻȴҲ˲
ôôܣ
Īͺ
ͬʱԱߵһĪӵܣȫ־岻ѡ
ƿؽϽȴۻʺͻ⣬κ˶д񡣳öƵˣԵһ֧ľ߹ģĵ۹ӣһ룬ǵһ֧ǵΣ˲ϢƽĪң
ôᣬôᡣ
һĪӵ˶
Īңһɷǣ
ʱ丮⣬Ƕסˣʯ𾪡
Ͻƣ⡭
ʯü
棬Ѿͷô£ôϽƣ
һֱߵĺܻ֪ܽһЩ
Ҳ֪Ҫ֪ⶫﻹġҲˣͻȻ뵽֮ǰ˵Ļɵνܣǣҽʲôϵ
һ̣ܣΧ߽ȫ͡
һ丮ӣôܻϽƣӦð
ǰ
̫ˡ
ɻ
ʱмΪ뵽ĳ£ɫʱٱ䣺ȵȣԼǰʦᴫһ䶯ԵϢﵮһλصſʦʮȴѾ߱׿ˮ׼ңϽڵʱλؿʦĶݣǣǵʱϽΪмԽ
ûаѻ˵ֻ꣬һֲ²⣬ȻȴһʯǧˣʱܵĴ󲿷˶ɫ
ȷʵôһ£ʱϽŮλؿʦϽŮӹŹ˻˿ڣϽʮȴֻʣŮһˣƽռ۰λؿʦϽΨһˣϽԽʱȷʵпܣ
⡭
ʮ꣬нѵλſʦ
찡
˶סˡ
Щ丮ڣڶӾǿһ㿴졣

ǸǸؿʦ
ôܣ
Ҳţɣǣôͣ
⡭
丮Ӷסˡ
ˮ׼ĿʦƿŽӾˣ
ʦڱ׹ĵλߵľˣֶβǸ£Ķ󣬶һλʦԣǮƸȨЩֿɵá
һ̣ʯҲɵٴεۡ
ѾͷƵ㲻֪أ֪֪
ʵ
ԱߣʯҲһ𾪵档
⡭˵ʦѣҪķѺܶңӦá˵ţͻȻ˫Ŀһɣһ£һǰҽһǧңܿͻ˻֮òƾͺǮѵѵǡ
̾ˣǸʱѧ֮ȵѧ֮ҽǮڻ¡ôһ룬ǰԵǸſʦӦþңн£Ҳܹ͵ͨˡ
˵ţʯһۣнһĨâ
ǵĲ²ûа⡣ʯһʮ׿ʦʷϿɴδֹôʱͽȳ̶ȣСһʦ˲ð
ʦʲôʦ
Щ֡
ΣѾͷһ£Ҫѧϰ֮ǮֻǸ⣬ҪǣҪи߼ʦƣĻ𼶿츳ҲΪһϸĿʦ
⣬ô˵Ǽһ
ۡ
Сһλ˴ڡʵ£Һʯʦ˲²⣬ϾСһ丮ʱʹž˵似似ĵȼΪʦǿ似ƶ֮ȡ
סˣ漴ֺݺҧһͷͦ
𺳣丮⣬ĪһǸӿ־塣
Ǹʦ
ôᣡ
ģܣ
ǰĴԣǼÿ˶֪Ͼһˮ׼ĿʦʵЩˡڣȻؿʦпܾ죬˵ļУһ̣һĪӵֻоͷ­ҲЩ
ʱ˿̣丮⣬˵Ŀⶼϡ
վǧʿǰɫʼպƽƺ˿ûпŵǧʿֻ׼ǰ³ǵͳ˧ڵʲôҵĻ𣬹ⶫȥ³ͳ˧
ʿʱŲôŲ
ʱٴɺƽˣҺһȥɣϾⶫɲ򵥣ǱǲСŪˣҿɲϽ˵ţǰiˣ·
ʿĸˣӶ¸ͣ
ͬʱӱʿȺ߳ʮӢҲŲ

ˣͽȻߣԶһ˿⡣
֣ȴһ˶ը
ʿĸڣܲסſڵϣ첻ͣĿͷ
˿ڣҲҳɣһ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ͬϴ˿д
ɨŵһȺˣЦǽˣӦҪҵ֣ܴǿ³ôҲӦ˵ɡ
ʿɫ԰׵ͬĨ۰㡣
СĲңС飡Сĸ˿־ɨ۲ԶܺأսսǼٵģյ£ͳ˧⣬ͳ˧ү丮ⶢŴֻֻҪ丮߳ǡǣǡ
촽£ΪȵĿ־˵
󽫾󽫾壬ˣµĲУȫڲ


103 ְѹ
˵Ļһ丮⣬󲿷ɫԱ䡣Ϊڿ־ûаѻ˵ĺǣֻֻƬʣѾ㹻ƲˣһУıͳ˧ܺصı
ʯߣɫĶܺء
ܺأģ
ŭ
ܺһɫޱȲ԰ףҪ⣬һߣʮӢʿȴȫͨʿߵס
ƿŽ󽫾٣ЩʿﻹҼѣн֣Ҫµ࣬һҲѣǼȥͽȨ۴Ҫİ
ҲֻǷ¡
ⶼͳ˧˵ûа취
˿
һڱʿͣĿͷ
Щ˵ܺصɫԽԽףӲͣĶ£Ҳû뵽Ȼƿнö֣˭Ҽ³ͳ˧Ƕѣ漰֮Ҳ
Ǻõĺܣ

ʯܺأ֮ǰ;㣬㵨ôıɱ丮ʧܺ󣬾˳ߣ丮Ҫˣͳ˧Ŀ磡
Ҫ
޳ܣ
ƳȥŪ
丮ڣٵӷߺ޵ӶࡣЩĺܣܺݺ죬ڵ丮£丮˿ףԴ˶Ա֮ܺǰźαЩ丮ӶĲС
ǧʿڵϣһЩ̧ͷܺأɫѿЩ˴󲿷ֶ֪飬ΪƽǱ쵥޹ɱܺʱʿھܺأϾ丮ĵλɲһ㣬ͨҹȻ丮ҪˣЩʿͳ˧е
Ȼ˿̣ˣЩʿжֳŭ⣬ԭһжܺز߻ıƽֻܺرĹߣԼҲǱˡ
ɶ񣡡
бʿŭ
丮⣬˶ܺأǵۣǱģǷŭ
Щһ̶ܺصɫԽԽף岻ͣĶ£ֻоضת
ܺأɫʼƽͳ˧ˣڣô
ܺһȴһҲ˵
Ҫ֤ʵҪ󳹲飬ϱҶû⡣

ܺصͷֻǲͣķһҲ²
쵭ĮһЦ޻˵ˣôЩأΪһ㡣һְȨڶϡ丮ݺߡ²£ñʲô
ܺһѾѪɫȫ͡
춢ܺأɫر䣺ڿʼͳ˧ݡƫͷϣγôҽ̰ɣ
ǣ
ͷϲɵû¼亹
ɡ˵꣬һ۾ʧСһĻܲ˶һ죬Ҳ⣬Բ˫ۡ
ʯ䣿СһȻȺö

𽫾˺һվһߡ
ϴӵվ𣬶һ漴ƫͷܺغµʮʿɫɭˣȫץ
ǣ
бʿӦܿ콫ܺغʮµıʿ
ܺزΪǿȴδκεֿΪطϣ࣬ʯǿҪѹν׾٣ķκ壬ʮͨʿһ־壬ġ
ߣ
Ϻȵ
ʱ䣬һڱʿѺһ͵ܺصˣܿ뿪
ܣΧ߶һĻɵܺڶڣȴ룬ôһ֡
ã
ߵ
丮⣬ʿڵϣûи
϶칪񣬵ϥ򵹣²ܣˡ
ˡ
һʱ䣬һڱʿ뿪ڡ
ɨһ۹ڵϵڱʿĿڶϣˣȻ֣ҲǱƭΪ̫֣Ȼƽϡ
лˣ
ϸмվ
лˣ
һڱʿ漴Сվ𣬸ıֱ
˵ɫǺܲ԰ס
ϴվһߣΪǳ˿ȴ֪ʲôʱʱһ죬ƺڵȴ㡣
ɨһ۶ϣ˶γҵ£ЩʿɢȥҪӰ˳ǳҲӰ丮ӵСڽ£ԼӦ֪ô˶٣Χ۵Ⱥɢ¡
æͷתԸȥ
֮󣬶ǰiʯȭεĵϣʯϣյʵںܱǸӰ丮ƽλˡ
ˣϽ뿪
ʯ֡
ǣ뿪

˵ţһŴһڱʿȥͬʱȴҲһЩʿɢ丮Χߡ
Χһ뿪һʱʱͷ졣
ǡ
꣬˲ð

ʼɫ
ȻһЩɫĪĪӵܡ
ô
Ī૵
һĪӵǱֲͣ̿ʬ뿪
ܿ죬丮Ŀռÿտ
³һйܺƵ£ǳ˽⡣
ܵܡ
ʱһĵƮ
ԶɫȹĹյޱ
ѭȥʱһͷȻˣ
С㡣
Ц
Դȡһ̿ʼ֪Լȫ¶ˣϾ£ʷʷ֪ȻҲ֪Ȼ֪ǣ֮ǰѾݡ
˵ýн𣡡

һգԼʲôʱ˵ֻ
ʷǰЦСֵܣǵһɡ
Щ˼ǹϼ¡
޷ÿ˶Щ˽㲻ʲôʷЦ˵ţʷ̧ͷʯλϣɺãΪͷʷʯȻûཻ̫˫ȴʶġ
Цãʷأʷʶ˵Щ֣Ȼֹ֣ȴûжʲô
Աߣ涢죬ֶǽĿϣԲ˫۵ι˭
棬ʱ丮һڵӶڶһЩеӣޣҺ
ע⵽Щ˵񣬲ɵ˾棬׼ȴǵֱۣһȵӶѣܵ֡
죺
˫۵ɵø˼֣һߵĶ졣
Ҫ
һţתߡ


104 վ
뿪ʱһա
СԴˡ
͵ЦֹȴǸȻһ丮Ӳˮв죬һĽʺ޵ı飬Ϊ̬ίʵЩ

ٸŮӶ˵ɱʵ̫ˣ
ʷɿȣѵС㣬עС
°ۣɿĸ첲ƿЩ
˿мʷȻŮӣʵڲ֪ôӦԣֻñȺļ޴սһ
ʷЦЦСֵܣû¾ͺãҺСлױ󣬼ǵÿʱ
Уһ
ͷ
ʷƫͷʯλϣдţˡ
ʷߡ
Ц
ʷתͷкһ뿪Ǿ丮վв㣬Ҿʷ룬ʯӦҪ졣
õܵܣпһҽม
εεĵʹþۼϵļ۹˲øŨ
ԣŮҲ̫ˣʵǿ󣬹ܵһЩеӷǵ̻
ܿ죬ʷ뿪ȻӰ
ֱʱ죬˶٣Сһ
˵ţʯתŵӸȥ
Ȼ֪ʯвҪҲԥ
úˣӸ¥һɵǣ·ϣһߵ棬ǣҲһˡ

Ц
˵ţʯԹԵ
Ҳ飬ͽѡ˸¡
ߣ
ߺߣŴ۾졣
죺
ѾͷԼʲôԲ°㡣
ʯߵı飬ɵݸһЦ
ѾͷʲôйǵԲĴ۾ٵɿɾ͵ˡ
ʯȡЦ
և壬һҲ˸¡
ֱʱſڣСһǰʱ䣬Ǵ÷зǸſʦ㣿
⻰ʱ䡣
ͷҡ
ȻѾȡ֪ԼǿʦѾˡ
㣿
ۡ
ͷȷʵǡ
ǰҽһǧңȥ

죺ˮ׼
ǿǡ
Ц
治ŵĶ죬ܷ丮ǰѾȷǸؿʦɴ˿׶شЩ𾪡ʮ꣬ǿߣһһ׿ʦֱ̫ˣôģ
Ҫ֪ʦΪ̣мѳɰǧһĿʦͶǶʮ߰꣬һǳˮ׼ڣʮȴѾǾ߱ˮ׼Ŀʦֱ̫ˣ
һ
ĥһҧı顣
ʯ׼ܾȣȴֵǰԡ
˶٣ʯһۣɫأı֣һ£СһӦиǿʦɣ
⡭
΢΢һ٣üͷ
첻֪ʯʲôʱһǿʦ뷨ǣһ֪ʷĲ²⣬ϾΪʦʦͨҲǸʱѾ׼ⷽ˵ǡ˿̣ʱ侪ȣȴ֣֮üҲӰˡ
ƺԥСһﾡɷģֻ丮ϲĵط˵ĻκˣӦÿԷģǾԲκΣ¡
룬شǵġ
ʯһۣнһĨտտâ
һߣ˫۵ɵø
иʦ
С
ʵʲôʱ£
ǰ

ʯʵּլջٺ󣿡
ͷǵģּլӱĪūŻգҴϦӵɽ˶ʦöʦйͿ֮
ʱõļԣʱʱǺʡ
Ȼ̾ǲ²һģһ˶٣ɫٴα֣ʵСһðһ£ʦǣ
ʯ֪ʦǺˡ
ԱߣҲס۾һգգĶ죬ȴĻش
¶Ϊ֮ɫǸǰʵ˵Ҳ֪ʦֻǴδֻ˵Ҵﵽʶҡ仰ʦʧˣҶ֪ô뿪ġ
ԣʯɫԱ䡣
˵˵ﵽʶ㣿
ʵ
ô˵ġ

ʯһۣɵýԵһ
ôǰ
ʵ
Цλʦ˲ðﵽʶ㣬˵ʶԽͽҪعҲվǿߣпܳԽվ磬ǿǴ˵е
ԣ춼һ
վ󣬻иߵĲΣ
졣
ͷеģվĲΣȴǲ֪һΣϾǴ˵еĲΣɲܹӴĵ
⡭
΢㶣վ󣬾иߵľ磿
ֻ΢΢һ㶱Ȼˣһ룬ԺиֵǾˣƺԶԶվǿӦеˮ׼Ͼ飬ȻҲվʱѪɫ϶Ȼ£ô似
Ц죺СһλˣԺضԽӴվĲΣңֳûλˣӦҲԿԼվ磬ﵽµء
ЦǰҲ̫߿ˡ
վô򵥡
Ǹ߿ֻʵʵ˵
ҡͷ
ⷿʯã뿪Ǹһ˳߳Ӹһ·ϣʼԴ۾죬һҵɨӣָоͷ·ʲôϡеĹ㡣
С棬û

ޣʦ㣡

췭ۣҶǿܶܶܶܶܶˣʦ㣬˼Ӧ𣿡һ˵ܶ࣬ʱһḩ̂Ⱦһš
Nɪ

첻ɵôЦѾͷ׺òƻͦɰ
һ֣һѭһȥ
ȥĶ
ʵ
Ҳǵ𣬸ȥѡһµ似ˡ

Ŷͷ漴ҡͷһ죺˵һﲻʦ𣿲Ǵ㹦ͷʯͷ˵ʦòƺĹӦҲ㻹Ҫ丮Ĺ似
ʶˡֻ̯̯֣һйһģʲôҲûС
Ȼ丮͵ѧ似

캹գ⻰ô˵ġ


105 ȭ
׼ȥѡ似㲻ٸһ𣬱Ͼֻѡ似ı˲ܽ뾭ȥҲ塣
һȥ˯ټ
ߵ
˵ţתߡ
ЦЦҡҡͷԹԵĳžȥܿ죬󣬽Ƶݸϡ
ȻѾ֪£Цŵȥ¥ɣѡһһµ似ʱϣκơ
лϡ
㳯ŵ¥ȥ
¥췢¥Ŀռȵڶ¥Ҫտ࣬Դˣ첢֣Ͼǰڷ似ĵط丮ߵ似ֻµȣҪ幦࣬ʴˣռõĿռȻ١

Ʒ羭
޹
ɨһ漴ڷ似ļǰļ׹վ磬ʴˣùȻͲ⡣
ߵ似ǰһ似׶ʱչǰ
ʥǹһǹ᳤磬ǿᡣȱ㣬
ʮ㣬һ塣
׷Ƽɱ£ϾԪԶ̹ɱ˷ʤ
һһģֲϷ¡
ѡ似
ƣӰ죬ɻʮ˵Ӱɷһпռ䣬ɱ֮ǿᡣɨһۣܺòƾѡ似
ȴûʲôȤ
ºܿȥ췢ֲ似ƶݷiȣȥֻܲɨһ۾գǚiԶһ似ɱȣ
ն˫ؽȵֽǿ
ʨӺɱ֮ѣɱ
˫ãǿᲢá
һ·ȥҡͷ
ܿʱȥ
ʱĿһȭϣΪȭ
ȭڣ˱濴ƺ˺ۣȻڲȴѾ顣
ʶʱݡ
ȭ׽ǰѣȲϾ罣ѶȣȭȴǶýһǳĲҪԪϣʹ߼ﵽһƵƵʣȭ
ʦ̻ʱԪںϵĹͦơ

˶٣ˡ
ڣȷʵЩ
£ȭѡ׹Σ漴¥
һ¥콫ѡõĹݸϡ
ţѡĶйоءõǼǣ似µݸ죬׽ˣ
е㣬Ѿȫ򡣡

ƺѾ֪ЦǸСˣȥɡ
Ӹˡ
һ
߳صסϴˢһ漴ϢˡûкúϢһֱƴŬ¶һ䣬úϢ£ٿʼϾǸıǮ

գ䣬𴲣ӭųɡ

һӺϣһ
Ϧ㳯ڸȥ
ڸһɱȻĻɱС˲٣ȴݻޡ
ʱΪɱҪȭ
ܿ죬ڸִ𾪵У˽ȥ
յ´÷з족Ѿǣν˲֪˲ŵִȻҲ⡣
Դˣ첢δ⣬ֱڸȥ
úհ˴һ·߳
ֵܣˡ
հ׵
˿죬пٻһĨɫյ£հ˶֪ˣ쾹ƿнһˮ׼Ŀʦʵڽ˾ĹǺ
죬ЩȻЦֵܿɵǾȣû뵽ǽƿߣһ׿ʦռʵʧˡ
춯ݣƺǰˡ
һ룬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôɫʦǧô˵ףֻǸڸµӣλʦռʶڸǺܸм˵ʧҲ˵ռλʦֵ
˾һߣҾһɣΪ׼
΢΢һ㶣ƺû뵽ô˵Ͼǽƿ߻׿ʦݶܾˣǳ춼д
һЦհ˵Ҿ˵ֵܲΪǵˡ
⡭Сˡ
Ц
ǡ
հһҲ˼
˵ţһﾹߣ˫ֱð⡣
ʱգ
˵մմ
հʹϲ䡣
죺
ЦЦֵܴʱڸΪ
ǵģҸѡµ似
ͷ
ǣӦȥɱɡ

ЦЦȷʵǡ
ãҲ׼ȥɱ󡣡һɡ
Ȼû£һɱȥ
ɱλڸ˵һȣľʵϣʱʱ֨ѽⲢȻˣԭơȱȽϳŲֲѰƮ
Ǹĵط
찵
ֻǴҴɨһۣϸ£ڸĻίʵġ
ƹһתǣǰһӭ
΢ڸһˣľ
ľȻҲ죬΢΢һָƽŲǲ仯
ʦ֡
פ㣬
ľɫĮһҲӦԹԴ߹
հ׳ɨۣߵקʲôקضÿζһµһ˵ӡ
΢ԵЩΣЦЦˣ˸ͬ߰ɡ
ߡհ׹ļЦֱֵˬ
ЦЦ׺ԵЩĬ
ܿ죬ڸĻɱǰ
ȥɱŲڸӣԴˣ첢û⡣
ĻɱȻСһɶʮˣΪڸܹʮˣԣһ㲻λõ¡Ҫɱ󣬵׼޺ΪԴȻҲ㲻ʲô¡
ͷһΣǸû޺ˡ
ʱһֱæ֮ǰںڰɭȡ˼ö޺ˣȴеĽˣЧһƬ⡣
췢֣еĽȷʵȡ޺УȻȴֻеȼ޵޺ˣãȡЩ͵޵޺ȻҲܼȡеȴûаЧ
С¶С
հ׵
Щ˼лˡ
հװ֣ʲô
ÿ޺˽ִ£໥ͷ漴С
ʼһʱհʧˣܵĿռ΢΢Щ谵ȳ֮ǰʱһģһ


106 ȭС
ѾߵĻɱһΣʴˣڴ˿̵״첢֣һ˱Щ
ɲǼ䣬ХԻ
һͷޣΪ󣬿졣
Ȼ丮ڸǵΪ״ʴˣɱ˲ٵݻĵˣҲȲΡ
һ

нĺĹ
ͬһʱ䣬Ժиֳһ似ķҪ塣
Ԫȭˣۼϣʹ߼ﵽͬƵʣȭɱԪ𵴵ķʽڣ˵ڸѪ⡣

ӵںʼ漴Ԫ۵ȭˡģȭͷһ㵭ԡ
ˡ
һ쿪ʼȭ
ڽԪȭˣȭĵҪ࣬Ͼȭȶ̫翣ѰסһȡпйԪںϣʴˣһʱЩ
˻𣬷׷ɱ졣
ٶȺεȿ죬һͷ޿ɱȣ
ˣֺܿȥ
һ̣ͻȻһĨâұ΢΢ƣһȭ
һȭȵϡ
˻һŵŵŵĵiԶȴǲ޴󰭡ˣȴҲǸоʹŭһʱ˹׿Դ󷢡
һܣһܽʧ֮
ʧһΣ֣Ͼµ似˲
ԪƵ

ģ˫ۣƾĹԪ򣬵ԪŨȣǿȡ
ˣܿǰֹȥ
ֺأ˫ۣȭ
һƺߣȭƽϣһûк˰벽·һȭ󣬵ջȭȴأſڣѪӿĵ£׹ǿɢ
ǰ濴ȥʲô˺ۣ˶иһ֧ذԼٶȸʬ塣ֻ֮ڣѪȻһѿһ϶
ˣ
һĨ⡣
վϵʬ۵һ飬ɢ
ɨһۣ⡣
ʱ޺ٴµ۶
һ֪ɱй򣬹ʴ˲֣̬ܿʼһֵڶͷ۷ޣأΪȴǲ̫ܱ࣬ȭ⡣
Ƭ̺һȭ
һ۷޺ˣӿѪȴǲδ
һٴɱ졣
ԪȭﵽƵֻ㣬֮Ҫȭ͵ԪŨȣߵͬƵʣ˲ܻɱǿĵˡ

뵽һ㣬һʼӴԪ
ȻҲøǿ
֮ԪǿʱоͬʱԴﵽͬƵʵѶȱࡣ
ҲǺ¡
۾񣬺ĽҲ֮ı䡣
ȥһӺӳڶȭ
飡
۷ѪˣȻûٴ׿ɱ졣
ɱڣ޲оκο־壬еֻɱ¾֮ġ
ʴˣǿȴˡ
飡
飡
飡
İʱλȭȭʱͷ۷ڲٶͬǰ㣬ĵȥȫˡ
ȭƣоâһ
ǿǿ

ûͣ£쿪ʼںӭһͷޡ
Լʮһͷļ޳֣ΪͨԳǳǿᡣҪǣͨԳƤһ㵶
ȭ
찵
ûаԥһ𣬾ֱӭȥ
ֻɱ¾֮ĵͨԳһǳ
ܣ󣬾ȭɱ
֮ǰͷޣͨԳɺܲöԸһȭͨԳϣԷȴǰ
𣡡
ͨԳ񱩵ħһԾѹ졣
ںӶȭһδλ
ͣͨԳܿȥһʱһʱ䣬ܹӳŴȭÿһΣȭȭ֮ļʱ䶼һЩ
սȻٶȵ÷
찵
Ϊ뵽һ㣬ɱЧȻ
ȴҲ֪㲻ϵսϾڻɱУȻȥʵʵȴ߱ɱҲ˵ˡȻˣǾ޷вУս˲١
ҡҡͷʼ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
飡
һƺڣͨԳأвӿѪ
ֶͬθͨԳʬ壬ֻͨԳڲ޼Ѫ顣
ã
찵ԵͷЩ⡣
ͨԳ൱ʱ䣬ȭɱͨԳǽȭСɡ
ˣ͵ɡ

˶٣ɱ˳ȥ
հѾ֣߳ӭȥ
ֵܣҲ̫רע˵㡣
Ц
հ׵ܹôǿֻ츳ԭ򣬸Ҳࡣ
ɱֻһʱ죬ǰǰȴĸʱհ׺Щգ׺⡣
ֻʱ˶ѡ
ǫ
˼˼䣬ڸ뿪»صס
ϴһʯȡһЩϡ
˿ЩϼŻݾơ
ӦóȥһЩƵĲˣⶫ֮󻹻ķѲ١ﵽüΪٶȣȻ١룬ֲɵҲȥױ󿴿
ʷ㲻룬Ȼȥһˡ
㶫ȥˡ

˵ţеĲϣʼƾᡣ

һ죬ǳظյ¡
һʮ꣬նɱ۹ȻԷǧıʿ֮ȴɾ߱䶯ԵļֵһЩ˵̸ʡ
ƿߣݵͬڵ۹󽫾
׿ʦεݣ
һ
鲼ÿһ䡣
ڴϣȻЩȴǲδ⣬һ˫˫𾪵Уܿױ
ֵܣ
ױ󣬼õ˱ӭ
ݣռ䣬ʷһЩԣûдۣȴҲһ۱ϳ졣
ʷ˵ˣֵױֱ϶¥
˹
յ£Ȼ֪죬ɫǾ⡣
С
ͷ
ܿ죬˵Ĵ£϶¥
¥ĳ䷿ţʷˣСֵˡ
Ƭ̣֨ѽһ򿪡
ʷվڣЦ⣬Сֵܣ
ˡ
Цŵͷ˽ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һεε𣬼дһȻζװģˡ


107 ӹ
ֻоͷţҲ֪˭˶٣־ЩգĳƺȻˣӡܵܡˡװġ
ʷһ򣬲ˤһͷ
ʱѾ˹˫Ķ졣

һΡ
ŮˣӦʵЩѡ
͵ЦδĳЩ£ƺдˡգգۣ죬СˣղŽʲôţ
죺
Ů˾Ϸ
ʱʷ̲סɿڴ˿ȥ
Сֵܣ
ʷЦ
Ҳ
Ա¡
õܵܣǲˣױ󿴽㣿
˵
Ů˫ֳ°ͣżգգۣν̬ʮ㡣
캹գ迪ڡ
С㣬ðСֵܸˡʷεӣɵЦ˶٣ʷֿڣ˵СֵܾȻǾ丮ĵӣһ㣬Ϸ򵹻û뵽ӦʦŶ԰ɣ
˵ʷлһĨâ
죬Ҳǰ
֪ʷôһʣ׼εʦֻǴһЩͿ̵뿪ˡûԴֻܼ丮ʱǴӱһǧϡ
ʷһ¹뿪ˣ
ͷʦ˵Ҵﵽʶҡ
⡭
ʷһӾˡ
֪˿̣ʷ˵ʱ뷨Ȼһ
ʦ˲ð
ʷ̾
ʷûʦ˭⡣
ˡʱ˳죬۾ĵ˹Цܵܣǰұ£Ӧúйذɣ
ҵĶԹǶ֪֮ǰʷͲ²ҵĸͺµйأ֪µ˾뷨ӿ϶ˡ
ҡ

ʲô˵¡
֪ͷֵ˵ǿʦֶκܶ࣬㵽ôô̵ʱϢҸģͦء
˵ţ۰Ͱ͵Ķ졣
ʷЦЦ˵ϷҲͦɻϷȻҲǿʦͬСֵǰ㣬ϢСֵܵôģ
˵Ҳͦ򵥡룬㲻ʲôܣǼС¶ѣԲûܿӡһֽƵƣƿԶΣżƣʱǱңȡҵв
ȻͬʱҲȡּұȥĲĵĩβֵˣһɽӹҺвҵֻǣǸʱΪЩ˼ĪңһֱԺ۹û¶
˵ͣ
ʷȴһƣСֵܾƿεƣ
ҵḶ́ʷôȣȵᵽļơ
ʷԱߵЩ졣
еġ
ͷ
Ժеʤ඼Ǳ׹ûеģ⼲ƾ֮һԣʷ֪Ҳ
ʷһۣ漴졣
Сֵܣͻ£⼲ƾᣬܷǼǮ棬Сֵ⣡
ʷ֣ص
ÿʦܣʷȻֱҪƣԣֻҪƾᡣ
΢£Ȼû⣬ǮҲɲ⣬ʵ˵ҲǺǵȶֻǡ˶٣Цֻ⼲ƣҪµΪⶫҪ߶Ŀ󹫻ֲܶһֻܵ㹻Ŀ󹫻֣̻ܿ⼲ơ
µӣȻҪ
ʷݡ
˴µӣⶫò𣿡
ʷҡҡͷС֪µӾ˵¹Ũĵط۳Һ壬ⶫֻпʦС
Ϊʦʷ֪µӵģѰ
ʷ˶٣Щֵĵ㲻ǿʦܲȡµӣ
ʷΣϾǹҸƣҲΪ˰ϼһһСæѣûʵԵȨңȨҲӻʦ·Ĳϣµϣ᳤ܡ

Щʧ
Щ֣ǺҪƾ᣿
ʷͷȷʵҪ
췢֣ʷʱȻԵú档
룬аɣٴƾʱһʱǡ
ʷɫ΢ϲǾлСֵˡ
õܵܣһ
ϲ
캹գŮ˵Լˡ
ˡ˶٣һӿռָȡʮ־ᣬƾᣬݾƾᣬǿһ¡
ױǰĲƾᣬ׽â뵽Уݾƾᣬ׼ʮ־ύױӦΪױ׬ЩҡϾ֮ǰʯ˴ԼһٶңټʷҲЩݣȻ뻹Щ顣
Ŷʷ˫һߵԣһƾ΢΢򣬶ʱ¶ɫǿĽ⣡⡭նɱһǿˣ죬ʷ̾Сֵܣʮܽôǿ似뵽ССУǲ۲۵Ŀš
΢΢һЦϹˡ
ƣ㹻һЩˣƣһЩǿҲǳҪһ㣬ʮݾһڵˮ׼ʦݣعҲʮҡ
ʷ˵
Ȼ֪ʮݾֵͦǮҲû뵽ôֵǮòٴθпʦˣ׬ǮмҰ
ʷ죬ЦСֵܹƵõЩʱ䣬ΪٵʱֲһᣬǸʱܽ
û£Ҳҡͷ˶٣ӻͳһ嵥ǿӡƵһЩ嵥ױһЩ
ȻÿڿʦȡһЩϣȡĶȴޣѾ޷ϵҪǣȻѾױžˣϾЩҲҡ
ʷӹɨһۣЦСֵԵȣϷѡ͹ڲϷþʹɲˣҲôҡ
УǾͶлˡ
ǸڽˣοЩȷʵֵǮ
ȻǮױԣǶһߺͨ˵һʾ޿

ױص丮ʱɫѾ
󴦣ʯȡϣʼ̻ơ
ֻһС׶εĳɾͶѣĿԶԶңἰվиߵĲʱĳȡȻػһôҪľ춯أ
һӹˣ


108 Ī
ʱʱ䣬ܹ̻ʮݾƣʱѾ鲼ǳâڰءʯȡһöٹȵ븹Уʱ䣬˸оָ˲٣ʸҲȫʧ
ٹȵ淽㡣
찵
һֺ쿪ƣʼ
У
Ѿ˵һͷ­ֱ۵˿̣ƿŨ۶ʼڶ
ڶѡͷ­ֲݡ
壬תļƾűֱܵԪͷ­ֲֵһУЩλһѨ
һΰ㣬ҵʹڶ
Ȼˣȴɫƽüͷûһ¡ڵڼ౶ʱ߶ȼУǾǾ鷳ˡ
ˣ
ģѪâ
ÿһҪķѲ̵ʱ䣬ǸḶ́Ȼк嫵֧ţǾͲһˣͱ֮ǰӴڣܿʹһ
ûӴ֧ţֻһӾѨλĽѨȫһ𣬵ڶ͹ɣɿڶء
һգһֱʱ
峿ʱ֣վֻо˲١
ڶԼʮ֮һ

һ룬ôȥŰʱ䣬ܿء
ٶЩˣȴǺȫǾƵĹͣûоƣ£Ҳúķʱܴﵽڶء
˶¶ӭųʼɣÿе¡
ԼһӺϣϴһ㳯ڸĻɱȥ

丮ڵܿ乹似ܿʮչȥʮռ䣬һ̻ʮƣڶѾ˴Լ֮ͬʱʮʱȭҲѾҪɡ
һ죬ӻɱ߳հҲһ
˵ֵ춼ұ
հЦ
ЦЦŬøϽ׷λС
ͨദ췢հ˶ֵһ
ֱǡհ׷ۣ׺ǼһҲȷҸ˵ڵսԱҺǿǿ˲ֹһ
˵̫ˡ
Ц
ҵϣϧı̬⻰һ㶼š
հʼ硣
˳˿׺⣬˶˵Цһȥ
ľʵϣܿ죬߳ȥԶҪߵڸڴ
ʱһֻоһɱϢԼϡ
ͣ½ŲѭϢƫͷȥֻԶӲһ£һ¹ľ֪ߣȴǲʶֻ֪ǱϢǴɢҪǣ췢֣궢絶ɱ䡣
Īţһʲôʱˣ
հ׵ͺ
Աߣݣ׺Ҳ΢΢ü
ͷһĪţѹöԷòЩϤѹֶԷڶʱɢǰɱ⣬ԭĪɭĴ硣
һɫȴǺƽĿδƿĪŸʮɾӡʱ䣬طĿռ·ˣӴϢͬʱӿ֣ϢƬռײһ쫷
ʲô
һ
ڸڴάִ·ߵ
Ϣͬʱʧ쫷Ҳɢȥ
ûʲô¡
հ׵
ִºɵĳɨһۣ漴Ҳˡ
߰֡
˵
ͷٿʮĪһۣһ뿪
ܿ죬˳ȥʮԶ
հװԲһ亹ĪԽԽֲˣֱһͷ׿Ұޡ
ͷȷʵЩ¡
հ׺ĻͬУĪŶʱֶԷıֱ·һ˱ĳìǿɱϢһϢĸоָоȻ϶ûᵽ
Ī丮ʱѾأԶ֧Ӿ˵ǵ۹һѼ⵶Ϊɱ¾ĪԶսڳõɱУʵȻ¡׺ѵÿڣƺˡ
ʲô
հ׺һ
أЩ򵥣
ͷʦ˵ӦûҲĸоţĪŶݵĶӣ֣ԷϵϢԶĪǿҲܺؿ£ĪӦѾﵽ졣
⣬Щ鷳

հ죬ɫ죬֮СЩȻƿнϿõ۹н쳼ĪȴЩһǼһǸӣϻôɰָɳʲô
ͷ֪
ֻĪŶһۣ֪ˣĪţΣգ
Ҫкܹæĵطһƴǡ
˵
лˡ

ȻԼҪ˰æд⣬ȴҲǺܸм
֮˻漴뿪ڸ

ڸʮ⣬Īźľվһ䵭пᣬʼնıӰֱڸ߳
Ȼס֣ͦ⡣
ľ
ĪɫĮȴͬް㣬ɢѪĹâнֱӶ֣Ʊػѡ˵ţĪϽ֯˵ɱ⣺һɱҪЩʱﱸһ֣ȡͷ­
ľͷԶ㲻ø£Ҳ˲١
Ѫɱĵֻһζ壬ֻ
Ī
ҲǡľԤףɹ
ĪľӦúһһɱᣬĪŽŵٹãʳǵԺµӣȻΪڸһʱԽ㣬ľ츳ټ׿ʦݣαضȡ֮ʮ꣬ԺĻᣬʧȥλᣬ㽫ֹڵԺ֮⣬ֻѡ۹ӣ
ѾڷǴķзĪȻ֪
ľɫ΢вɵĻһĨ⡣Ī˵Ĳ츳׿ʦݣȷʵпαѡνԺ׵Ժյӵ̣һ䲻óʮ꣬ʮ꣬һʧȥλᣬԶʧȥԺʸ
㿼ǿǡ
Īŵ
˵꣬Īתڸȥ
ľվԭأ˫ʶ£ָǸ°졣
죡
Ʈܡ

ڸ뿪쾶ֱصסһ󴦡
Ī𡣡
ڸֻĪŶƬ̣ĪžԻ֣հԣԷϻҶôɰлʲôǾ˵ˡ
Ҹ׼׼ˣĪң

ʰЩϦ˸к߳סſʦȥ
ãǶϺҲҪ
׼ȥһЩʦᷢ׬ȡֶһµӣ̻֮ơΪ˼ƺʹϢǱĪң֮ŻЩʱգΪĪұһݴ


109 ľϲ
ʦڷǾĵλ磬ÿռ䣬ﾭˣ඼ͣ½ŲžηĿһ۹Ϸң뿪
Ľȥº˲١
ŰɫʦʱʱһηĿ⡣

Ǹſʦ
ƿߣ
˶죬˽Դ𺳵

׷ӭһ𾴣ڣдһ˿Ĺɡ
£ǣ׷ȻҲ֪ʮ꣬ȴѾ˳ɾͣΪһŮ׷ƶ쵱Ȼг֮ģЩ㺡
ЦЦȡЩ񡣡
׷ƵͷҪ곤𣿡
룬ЦˣʱЩæң㣬곤ӦоƣͲˣʱ˵ɡ
˵ţ򹫻һѡĸ񣬴ĿѰһݣȡļ޳βѪȡļţľѪȡļʯצӺƤëһ𣬴Լٶ๫֡
κ׷Ƽ¼ϡ
ˡ

׷Ƶͷ˹ӣСġ
ЦЦ˳ȥ
һЩ˿ѡȡ󣬶ɵõ
඼ļޣ
°¡
ôǿˣԺɳǻ˵ã
Ǿɫ

ڰɭʱԵվȺ
˿ֵȻ̫ȴ֮ǰǰˣůģϺ
ݴھԵɵλá
һֱڰɭ֡
Ѿڰɭ֣ʴˣںڰɭֵĸ֣Щƾ֮ǰĸоܿ죬һľϡڣطҪһЩľľһЩߵİɫꡣ
΢΢һЦݣҵˡ
߹ȥȡһСһժʮݣͣСʯСݿ򵥵ֹѪҲΪʦĳЩīĲϣȻЧúһ㡣
պûݺվڰɭ
βţʯꡣ

䣬Ѿ˳ȥһ۾Զ
ڰɭһΪ׬ȡֶһµӿ̻ƣһǣȭѾ˴ɣڰɭһ֤ȭȭõʵսС
ͬʱʵսҲսѷʽ
ʴˣڿʦʱѡĴ඼Щɱ޻ȡѪ
һľԾּ䣬úһͷߵѪɫǰ⻢һڷݣβȴǹͺͺģϸ֮£ͺͺĳβڣȴһЩϸСĵ̡
ļ޳ββͲΣյĵط
찵
Щ׷Ƹйغڰɭֵ޽￴ģ΢΢һ룬ȴѾǳ˳ȥһβǰһȭ¡
ϮԼβһ𣬳졣
һȭͷڳβϣ߶ʱɡڵɵĹУβȴǺβһ飬ͺͺβͻأܼĵ̣Щˣ˸űĺ⡣
һԪֱն¡
۵һββնѪˮ硣
βʹߺ޵Ķ죬е׹ǿʢʮ
΢΢һЦһգٴ˹ȥ
ȭ
ͺһ컺ȭһȭڳβͷ­ϡ
βҽһʱȥѪӿ
߹ȥʱβѾûϢӱ濴ȥβһ˺ҲûУǵذ׸ͷ­ʱȴǴ󲿷ֶȭھٵˡ
Ȼ
찵
пβͷ­ȡһСƿѪ޺ˣתߡ
Ҫȥţ
ţҲļޣԼںڰɭǧλãңѪһ㣬ϲȺӣΣԺܸߡ
ٶȼ죬úȻԿţӰ
ҵˡ
찵һЦ
ʱ͵ĲԶɿ񱩵ɢطսսǰһȺţವһͶԶ
΢΢һգȴҲЩȡ
ǿ
䣬ԾһľԶȥ
ֻʮ⣬ͷǿһÿһ򵥵Ķϲǳ¡
򼣬
쵹һ
;ɶ弶۷ޣǿߣ
¡¡
ǰ붯ܼװ죬ڣֱһͷƤ顣ȻҲһţʱһƬ棬յĺ򼲻ɵòҽ
쵹һͷίʵЩ£òƻǶ֡
ʮѪҺɣһ̮
ܿ죬ӹȥ
ʱ򣬺ͻȻһֽУſһɫҺ壬һԵھϡ
໣
ҽУͷð̣˫Ŀʱס
찵Һ壬ж
ĽѾûʲôɻʧȥ˫ĿľǺĶ֣ܿͱɱ޺˱˹ȥֱ븹С֮󣬺ӣŵ滺Զȥ
ȻҲ˼صˡ
ȵľǲһȻ

˶٣кһĨâ¶һĨЦ
弶۷޵޺ˣɲܷŹ
ವһֱӳ˳ȥתۼ׷Ϻ򼣬ںǰ
˵ǰ򼷢һ𣬰ֻѪֱֱĶ죬ɢһɷ
ȫʢʱ㣬һɵɾͲһˡ
Ц
ǚiһչ˹ȥȭֱ¡
飡
飡
飡
첻ϻӶȭڣȭʱ򼳹û˶
ͣжأԲ亹
弶۷ޣˣķһʱ䡣
䣬ȡذ׸ȡö޺ˡһöǺԼģһöǾģº󣬻ûü
ö޺ˣо̺еĺɵԼ
Ƿľϲ
ö޺ˣұضԿ뵽ڶ졣
û˿ԥ£Ѱһεĵطö弶޺УһеĽƶʱ֮ö޺ڵĺͬĺˮ㣬ĳӿȥ
һתļԪǣɺһУЩһѨͨЩʹʹ첢ǵһξȻ̫⣬ƺûз
ˣ
Ѫâ֯⣬ϵϢһڽڵ
ˣܿǰʱȥ
ʱ콫ͷ­ֲֵоѨȫͨڶɴ˹ɣ
䣡
˲ѣһɰӿپܡ


110 ׼
Ԫƺӿʮ
ʮɰƽϢеö弶޺Ҳװõķʯ
ʱ˫ۡ
ڶأ
һлһĨâ
ȭͷоԼǿˣ˫ȫֱհӲ
³һ콫з޺ⶪ
ԭҪɱţȴ룬ͷ弶۷棬˸ˣߵ޺ˡЩпԼ㲻
֪ƬûţȥôãӦţ˰ɡ

䣬Ѿ˳ȥ
ţϢؾ˴̫Զܿ죬ת˼Ȧ󣬹Ѱͷţ
΢һͿ˹ȥ
ҵĴսһ֮ͬʱսͷļޣչʩȫȭɱ̳һӣһӺͷţȫڵϣûκ˺ۣȴȫˡ
սǿ࣬ʩչȭҲ˳
ȭͷ
Ϊﵽ󣬸ʵһСߡ
óذȡͷţ޺ˣʢЩѪ漴ת뿪
ԼʱһƬڣѰһͷʯ꣬˹ȥ
ʯͦ󣬶ȴǷǳһ㣬βÿ𶼻һаĹУǿ¡
ԣⲢʲô
飡
ʮһȭʯ꼹߲Һһʱز
쿴˿ڵϵʯ꣬Լȭͷ΢΢ЦЦȭȽ⣬ڣɫڹһ㡣
ȡʯצƤë޺ˣת뿪
쳯źڰɭȥУһߣһ;ǽսԴĥ¼
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷϵʱʱͬʱ޵ĲҽС
ú߳ڰɭ֣ŷǶȥ
쵽ĸѾȫɣССĥ¼ûȥˡü񣬱ϾһµҪķѵĹ̫ˣٵۻǧĹֲС
һʱӺڰɭֵ⣬سŵıʿηУǳءΪﵽٶȿ˺ܶ࣬ǰӺڰɭֵҪķʱʱ䣬ȴǲҪôˡ
ǳأʱӿ̷ǵĽ
ɫѾҪټˡ

ƽ쳯ſʦȥ
ʱһ٣ֻоһǿϢԼϣĵ⡣δͣ½ŲһʦȥһѭϢȥֻŸһ¥ϣһ˫ע
ߣ
һµĳЩ¡
û⣬쾶ֱſʦȥ
ʦᣬ콫ݣβѪţѪʯƤëһ𽻸׷ơ
ٶȺÿ죡
׷ЩȣĸȴݽΪ⣬ѣϾļΪĿ꣬˼ѵȴһձˡ
С
Ц
׷ЦЦĸ񣬵һٻֱ֣Ӷһȱ
ȱɡЦЦԱȡֽʣдһ󴮲嵥ݸ׷ƣЩ鷳ѡ𡣡
Ȼû⡣
׷æ
нӹ嵥׷ƿܵһߡ
ú׷߻أһϣҪĶˡ
ţлˡ
Ц
˵ţᶯʱЩ
׷ɫһЩĶ죬ôһӶͻأͲˣ
ƬСռ䡣
Ц̧֣׷ƿָϵʯ䡣
棡
׷գգۡ
׷ֻǸСŮʯ䱦ȻӴ
ʰòϣ漴׷Ƶ
ߡ
׷𾴵Խ͵ſڡ
׷ƶκνʦ˶ò𾴣һ̬ȣ̬ȴЩͬ죬׷һַԷθĳ羴ֳ羴ԴĿʦݣ˵ƽ͡
߳ʦᣬܿص丮ס
ʱѾһöٹȵ漴󴦣ȡʯеĲϣ̻СոմﵽڶأŽȹһ
һҹʱܿȥ
գ¶ٴʦᣬ˼󣬱㳯źڰɭȥµҪķѵĹֱȽ϶࣬ٵغڰɭβУңںڰɭҲԳûĥԼ
߳󲻾ãеŸٴθоĿڶڵλúһģһ
һȴûֱͣ߳š
ԼĪһʱڰɭ֣նԺڰɭֵϤܿҵ˵һĿꡣһȡļޱ裬ϱ󣬴Լʱսպñ޺ˣ漴뿪
֮󣬼ܿȫɡ
ȥˡ
ڰɭ֣ŷȥ
ļʱ켸ںڰɭֺͷǣһ񣬶Уÿ뿪ͷطʱܻڳŸоһĿڼһһ
Դˣʼնû⣬·ûвȳ⡣

ҹպڰǳơ
丮ڶָ붯һ׹£ڳʼϡ֮ǰ̻ƲһȻɣɳȴܾˣһֱ쿪ȥûбպһ𣬷·ӡ
ܿ죬ͣж
ʼȫ̯󣬳ԼɣⳤԼɵľϣ̻һĺɫ磬ɫ˸һԲηƺҪ÷ĳֶ
׼ƣƺЧء

Ի谵ĶлһĨ亮⡣
ʱŵĺܿ죬ģʸһĨ
չ˫ۣƫͷɨһߣڷʮƷƾʮƾᡣһӣЩᾡյʯС
׼ôãɱʧ
Ц
ϦСֽ߳丮ܿʦᣬ˼ٴγźڰɭȥһ·ŸʱٴθоǵȱĿ⣬һΣĿеŨ
Դˣδ߳ǡ

Ÿһݻ¥ϣʮһ𣬸ǿϳѪȵɱսʮУǳڣľĪš
ľ뿪ķʱƽʱ
ɨľһۣĪ⣬絶죬ÿնȥڰɭ֣գʱˡΪнԣֻںڰɭֶ֣ңһս֮ɱ˶٣ĪŽŵÿʳǵԺԵ
ľų⣬κڳױñ
ãһ𣡡
䵭³ľ϶ʱɢҵɱ⡣


111 㳰
ڰɭڣչΣּ˸ʱԪУ̶ХصҲ֪жľ꣬Ľâķѡ
Ƭ̺󣬲ҽһӴӰӿ
ľӥļޣ˲پŽ֮Ӹ߿ջ䡣
ɵľ鷳
찵
ȡЩľӥľѪڵ޺ˣתߡ
ڰɭѾʱʱɱ˲ޣȴľӥ⣬޶ȭսѾȭ˴ɾ硣
ʯ޸ʯ޺ˡ

ΣѾ
΢΢һ٣쳯ֱȥ
úһƬСϿҵʯڲԶѰ޸
װʯ䣬쳯Ÿȥ
ʯļеޣűĺԣͬʯǿ壬ԿǿߣһھڰɭִԼǧɵλϳûٶȼ죬ֺһƬСǰڰ̲Ѱһͷʯꡣ
ôĹ꣡
찵
ʯ꣬ɸˣСɽƵġ
һֻˡ
һΣɲֻȭͷΪʯ̣ûȭĵط
ﬣ
Х̶ȡԪʩչ罣ӭϡ
ʯں˯˿Сɽʱͬţһ˫۶졣
гתһն¡
һԪڱʯϣǿȥ
Ӳ
찵
ʱʯѾӲ˹ֻһž޴Ӱٽ츲ǡ
쵹һˡ
ʯȾ޴ľˣ汻Уֱӻࡣ
ˣʯͺı죬׷ȥ
꣬ٶȻͦ졣
Ըв졣
˶٣콣һ䣬һɿԵĽɢ
׽
¡
춯ǚiϣͬһ㣬գۼʯǰ΢ףһԾڿչ׽裬ޱ֮
ն
ȡ
һâը䣬ǿ
۵һѪ⽦䣬ʯͷ­һᴩӴʱ෭ء
ƽȵڵϣ³һ
ʯȡذףĸʯͷ­ȡһȭͷС޺ˣʯҪȡʯ޺ˡʱеѾɣʱ·źڰɭȥ
Ƭ޴ɭڵĵƴ۸ӣѾΣȻΣ˸һ䡣
ܿ죬߳Լǧɾ롣
ʱͣ

Į
ľȺÿһ궼Ҫ˲ܻùЩľĶܳԣ䣬ֻǵ̫͸Ҷļ϶ڡ
վԭأɫĮ
ȥǰһľʮӰվ˳඼ڶʮҡʮ룬ӰվһһϮµľһϮµĪš

Ī
ɨһĪţĿȴľϣҲ˻ˮ
ľЩ֡ĪҪɱ֪ôһĻľҲһЩˣ˵ľԩ޳ľĪҲֻһѣӦûΪĪɱ
ԺѡΣڸΨһ˿ʤֻ
ľ
ԣʱȻԭˡǰ΢΢һɨ־ʮˣʮ˽ԷߣΪĶڡЦһЦĿĪϣΪ˶Ըң̰ڵĻ治һĴ󡣡
ʮŸǿߣһأһأ˸أڣݣնɱһ۷ǿ߶´ˡ
ԶսʤӲް̡֮
Ī
һ˵գˣ
ĪŶ죬μɱ⣺ʲôҲҵĻɱ㣬һʿԣֻǲ˿⡣
µıԭˣ˵ڵ۹Զְˡ˵ţˣǣĲСִ֪н𣿾ȻҺһΧɱңͲ±壿
ԣʮ˽ɫ΢䡣
ȻЩ˶֪ƿн
ߣ۹Զÿʮһ飬Ϊһ飬ͬģһ˶죬ο²κ֪Ϊǲ˵ģ
⻰£˶ƽӱ䡣
ͬģĸôҪϣ˵ĳڡ
ҡͷ
㣡
ڵ˶ʱɫһ
ˣķѴࡣĪ˵ţһӱҰް׿ɭȻɱҵܵܣĪңӦ֪Ľֻΰɣ
죬ĪŵΪɲ
ĪɭѣɱҲɱˣûɱ֣ӦøжˡӭĪŵӭǰʮˣԵúƽνĪңˡĪʲôΪǻ𣿡
Īŵӵ
ûκλڣĪ̧֣һȭ졣
ܲˣȭӭϡ
һȭȭײ˸Ե
أˡ
쵭
ǣԺǿ档
ҲֻǿЩѣϲ̨档
Ī
ϲ̨棿
ۡ
𲻷ҪΪľ츳жô˲𣬶Զԣʲôǣ޵ɱ֮ͬ£ն
ЦĪţ㲻·ͷ𣿡
Īţϵķ֮ɫ˭ܿĳ
ĪŶ죬Ӹ䡣
ݹȥԶסҪɱնһ첲УҪһҵܵĹǰնͷ­ҵܡ
Ī
ס
һ˳ĿϬ絶
ΪݹΪء
츳ţֱɱͺˣϧĪֻöһֱۡ죬ݹЦһģҵĵǿٿ죬ն˲Ϣ䣬Ҳһֱۣ۾ͻᱻж£̫ʹ࣡
㻹š
̡
ݹĿһ˶ʱˡ
וּһԵĵǳһ磬ͻ졣
վԭأһҲ
ôŵöˣ
ݹҡͷ
䣬ݹĵƶʱĸ͡
ɾԭزֱݹĵųߺһͬһʱ䣬ԪУһն¡
ۣ

Ѫ⽦䣬ҽݹֱֵһնϡ
ôܣ
һĻĲ˱ɫ
ݹʹĶͷ亹ֱðŶϱ۴ˡ
ϧߣһɨ㽫ɨڵأ漴ݺһŲؿڡ
ʱ䣬ͷݹٴβҽУӿѪ
ݹؿڣĪţνɱ֮Զǿߣνɱҡҡͷ̵븮ǰ˵иĪŷǳ˲븮ȴԸ࣬ڿίʵ̫١˲𣿿ЦǸΪǵıС˰ˡ
ĪɫĿ¶׹⡣
ſʹЩ
Īź
죬һ׿ѪɷϢĪɢ
㲻ɿΪǣһǸûаͷԵİ׳աҡͷϵķ֮ɫŨһмĪţ㶼ҪɱңΪʲôҪΪ˸ʹЩΪҺһ̿𣿡


112 ׽
ĪŵɫޱС󣬻δ˵
˵һΣſʹЩ
Īź
쵭Цм
ԪݹһǳǳѪۡ
סס֣
ݹ
ұûпɣǺǾҲѾˡ
츩ݹסס֣ɲ˵㣬ǵĪֻҪϵ͸ͷǸſ㡣
ݹʶƫͷĪš
Īϣһ׿ɱεţɱұ֤
òǵͷ죬ͲΪ飿
쵭Ц
ſ
Īŵ絶
ɫƽƫͷʼ˵һ꣬㲻˵ԶһڣͬΪȴڣ
ʮ˶һĪţĪ
ˣ
ĪȴֻǶ죬һ˵ĺ⡣
Īţ첻ɵһЦ
ԪУâ¡
ݹĸסס֣Ҫɱң
츩ݹϴŨŨķ̣ΪĪţðűķɱңڣ֮ʱȴ͸ͷϣеô˵أңҪ޾ͺԼ̫޴
ԪוּһХ̶

ݹг˺ͻ⡣
漴һ̣еĹԪһâ۵һᴩ
ռ䶼ˣһƬš
ʮˣȴתۼͱɱһˡ
Īţ췽ŵĻЩ˶߻صðűķĪɱ죬ɵվʱĪȴ̬ȡ
һ̣˵ɫѿ
ĪһĨ˵ɱ⣬һȥ
һ
Īź
וּһĪŴһ˳ǹɨ졣
һֹԪӭϡ
һײһ쵱ĺ
Ʒǹ
һ
ʱĪѾٴɱһǹâ䣬ġ
Ծ罣⣬ȻĪźܷУȴòϣĺǿ濹⣬ƲǶ֡

һΣǹײٴαɡ
棡
Īɭ׿
һ罣ɨٽâ˲Ϣš
Īſȣһǹɨȫ
ʱԶľгնһ貽ֱ
ɫ΢䣬ǚiܿ
ľһĨĹ⣬Į
ľüͷһ壬ܾЩŹ֣ôǿ߱ȴʼһݣ˿ҵɫ
ҡҡͷľ䣬гһٴնһ˵Ľ
Ǹˣֻ
ľĮ
ܣܿ
һߣĪųǹѹ˹㽫Ŷ

ĪŲ̵˵ţеĳǹŸǿĹâ
ʱоǿѹһԲ򵥡гһһתʩչ罣Բ׽սӭĪš
¡
׽һչʱ䣬ռ䶼֮



ǹ뽣ײһδαˡ
˽

ľǰг߰ѹ¡
Īսһ𣬴˿ľһɱʱѹ
ܿĪŵĳǹԪ񵲶ϡ
һԪľĽײһ
һĺԶƷ齣
ľƷ첢⣬ϾԷڸһˡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ͬʱĪźľһɱ
һأһأһƿƷʱѹ
Ȼɫȴʼպƽ
ɡ
ὣأȻһЦ֮ĵ
ٵâķˡ
Ƚâǿܿ£ĪźľǿУȴǲʲô
ľһʱн
֮ľ󣬳ȵǻڵʲôһϣٶɱߣ˭ֲã
ʮɨĪһۣɫһᣬ붯֡
ɱ
˺ȵ
ʮˣͬʱɱ˳ֵý˱ųìܲ
䣡
һʱ䣬ҰĲɢһ顣
ɫ΢Щȷʵ򵥣ͬʿǿ˲١וּһ׽ʩչ£ХƵʮнɨķ
ǹɱ
Īȡ
貶ĿǹԹԪ񵲣ɡ
ͬһʱ䣬ľһն¡
һն֮ľնµĽâݺײһ
Ѫ
ɱ

һ
ľĪ֮ʮһӭϣϳһɱ
΢΢ݣȴǲη塣
һ
лһĨâ콫׽ʩչɨȥ
ǿײһͬʱɨʮˣԼȴҲǱõŵŵŵĺˣһƵѪ

ʱĪͻأ
ǹѪâɱ
̧𳤽ӭһߣľȴһ˹ֻӽѹ¡
ޱ飬ĪŵǹȭľĽ

ˣ
ֳֹԪĪŵĳǹȭȭľĳԼȴ⵽ǿķһɣڿоͲɵÿȳһѪ
ݣ
ʱƿ֮һ֧Զ
ˣ
¶֮ɫ˿ڿУܱܿһ
Ȼһ̣˶ݡ
У΢̤˾ǹĺһɶԶ
գڲԶһϣֻһڼβ¶档
ɼһжǿ
ôܣڿУΪοƶ
𾪡
Ī׿ֱĶ졣
һߣľüԽоĹ졣
ȵڵϣƫͷżʧķȥֻǸطվһӣһ˼
һ죬Īҵˣã
Ц
ղһʱİջǼʧޣûнǚiڶأһԱܲҲѲƤ
ǵѪɨܣûаη塣˶٣ûٳ֣һѰһ򣬲ǚiವһ˳ȥ
ӣ
һԶǿߺȵֵն¡

ȣԪ˵ĳһȭӳ
һԶǿߵɣݺײһľϣѪˮӿмдһЩƬ
ȭһȭɱ˴ˡ
Ӳˣ
Īź
䣬Īųǹ׷ȥ
׷
ľȵ
ɫأȴδκͣٶȳǱɱ죬ӳȥȴǵģǾѡ
ƿ֮صһӰּɿ˸
ޱɨնһâ
úǰһƬԿտĲݵأͣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյĪŵ׷ϣʮһ𣬽Χ
Ӱôˣ
Īź
ľվԱߣ䵭Ķ졣
ӣʮǿΧ룬һ̣첻û˿η壬Ϸ¶ȱЦ⣺ҵĵϣӣ
ԣ˶һ㶡
ܿ죬˴Ц
ĵ̣Цɵ𣡡
˷̡
Īſǰһǹȷ֫ٴȥҵܵĹǰл
䣬Īųǹɱ졣
һǹǿǿľݡ
ֻǣȴƽûκҪܵĴ㡣
ôܵܣͦãµֵܺúžžۡĪţ¶һĨȲ̵Ц׽󣬿
ﬣ
ɲǼ䣬ܼ𣬽ԲʮڵĿռȫС


113 һ򾡣ϣ
쫷𣬽âգԲʮɵĿռڣ֪жٽݺᣬʮȫС
ۣ
һѪĪźˣһâնˡ
ɫƣ֮ʱصɫ䡣
ʲô
Īźȵ
ûʲôһСˡ
쵭Į
ԣ˶ɫһ䡣
ʲô˼ôԵ޹ȶľ죺У⵽ʲôľ뿪ķΧȴǷ֣ܶһαݣȻ򲻿
ͬʱҲɫ
ģƣ
˴𣬳ŭնҪɽĸǷΧ
ȽΧڣʵ̫Σˡ
ߣ
Ц
һ΢ʱ䣬һն¡
۵һ걻һᴩüģֱѪСԶһʿϧȴ˲
һĻ󲿷˶ɫ
ЦڳŸ¥Ҽʱ䣬ǵΪһоûУΪûǣ
⻰һʮ˵ɫѿˡ
ˣⲻܣ
ľͳ
¥ŴŲСľ룬ңǴӸߴ͸ӷ϶һһôܻᱻ֣۷ǿҲŶ԰
ܣʲôܡ
Ц
וּһ˻ͬʶƮڿУɫâס˸
֮ǰθоĿԼ֪ضĪڰдʲô⡣ʱںڰɭʦᷢ룬Īſӵٺ󣬱ضںڰɭֶԸ
Ǹʱʼ׼ӡʮั׼ƺʮ׽ơƣԶݷһСռ䣬ͬʱڵ似ʹƿʶĿ似֮
ʱ֣ڰɭֺ󣬵һʱ㽫ʮƾʮ׽ƾƬԭ£˿̣໥ϣݷ˷ԲʮڵĿռ䣬ʹƬռ鲼׽
Щ׽еĽʩչ֮󣬼Աȵϵ似ˣ³̶ȲԶ˿̣ٵ׽ڿУǵȾ˵ɱϢ·Ҫ׹˰㡣
ʮˣǷ̣ΪҺһǷ𡣡
㣡
˶죬־ŭ
Īźľǲö˵ǳţˣܹ۹ԶȻҲԶһ˿ɱȣȴǳ˶Ƿ

ҧñˡ
ɾܷŭȴļ£κ춯ΪʱڿеĽâʵ̫ˣ󲿷˶оļ¡ڳȥ벻ĸǷΧʱٴ׹µȿֲ
һĪŵɫø׿ǰˣȼΪǣһеĳǹâƣѰԵϢ·һͷ˹ţھն㣡
񱩵һǹŭգһ졣
ǡĪĵǹеȣɱ
ǿ
һɱ
Զǿ¶ϲɫ
ľɫݣԶŲãȻѾǿ˵زˡ
䣡
ǿһǹһš
Եһǹ⣬Ǵ䵭Ц⡣
Ϊǣ㿴һĸΪǡ
̵
һУ£̶ǳ
һĪɨİɱƣһת£ĪŵٶȺܿ죬ȴɱն˸ʱ䣬ѪˮҪ
⡭
ôᣡ
ܣ
˽Աɫ
ʮǲţۼĪһնɱһǿߣֲһȴĪԼ˲ˡ
գЩɫЩ˶

Īţм
Īŵ˫ۣ죬һٴγǰ
ҵǹâ䣬һɱ졣
һվԭһҲ
ಣ
ಣ
У׽£Īš
еĽ۳Ĳ׽εȿ£ȻǿĪҲԿ⣬ͱƷڵأȱһһ׽УʱѪˮ

Īŭ
ɫһһĪǰһڶԷϡ
һĪźɣݻѪˮ˳


Īŵ׿ޱȣͬҰһ㣬Ķ죬εܹ裡
ɱ
ԶһĪҵһ֧ݵķ
ƫͷһ׽¡
һ֧ʸ飬漴һ£ֱӲ뵽Ī˵š
Ī˿ӿѪ
壡
ĪŴС
һĻ˶ɱˣô
ĪŴ˫Ѫ˿޶Ķ죺ɱ㣡
վĪųųǹٴγ졣
ƾ㣿
Ц
վԭزһӣʱ䣬׽£ĪõŵŵźˣٴһѪ
ƷĪѾز
ﬣ
ʱһնͬ߰ݶ
ľ׼ʱһ̶ˡ

ɨȥ
ĿƶУŵ׽£Ľľɡ
һߣľɫ䣬вѪ
⡭
ô
Զв˻̿֡
ĪŴأľأɾˣһ̾ô
һ̣ſеʮ׽˶ҶĪźľ˿̶Ķ֣ʲô
ĪŭͬҰް㣬ɫޱ
ſһֳ󣡡
Īź
ʮԶǿ£漴ٶ
ܿ죬ĪΪףһɱ۶Ϣ¡һֺϻ󷨣ÿһԶϰͿ޼Խһ˵սǿ
䣡
һ̣һֳſʮ˷·һ塣
ľݣԶĺϻ󷨣ǵһμ
ɱ
ĪŴ˫ĿѪ죬ǹȥͬһʱ䣬ʮĶһ𣬻Ǿ𵶣Ǿ𽣣̧ìȫն֮״
Դˣ첻мһˡ
֪ǿʦǰһף
΢̧һ¡
һ·ǲ˰㣬ĪΪ׵һֳʱ
һֳȺϻǻеĻ󷨣ƶԶԶȲϣһУһֳܿ£ʮ˵սԱǿѶԸУȺϻȺϻѨںεأʴˣһԽ֮顣
һֳ󱻻٣˶ɿ
ʱХ𣬿еĲ׽󲿷ֿʼ׹䡣
ˣ

ԭأ˫֣綬ѩ


114 һ򾡣У
ͣŴĿ绡Զʿɫ԰ס
һֳ˲䱻飬˿̣µʮһ׹
ˣ

һ𹥻ǣ
ʮ˴С
ʱ䣬⽣â䣬ʡ
ЦڶΪĽʩչĲ׽Կϵ似ܱô׵£

ѵʮɨ似֮ȫ顣
ʱѾн䵽·
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
գۼ䣬˱׽ɨУѪС
ȴĪźľ⣬˶ɵսɫ˲һƬ԰סǿ߰Ȼһ˲ͱնˣ
ô
˶µ
սս־岻
ֻǣЩο־壬ǰľκθı䡣
ﬣ
쳹енһ
飡
ĪŴ
Ʒǹ裬ĪⷽСռͬ㣬׽
һߣľͬʱֵ֣µĲ׽
˺ǿ󣬿ϧսܼĲ׽಻Ǳˮнˡ

ҽһ˵ѪУ׽̴˺
ƬСռУԵúƽûκζ
жʮһ
Į
һʮһ׽϶ն¡
ƥɢɱˡ
һȥڣ
ĪɭȻ
𡣡ƽҵš
䣬ʮŲ⣬ѹµٶȱø졣
ɱ飡
ĪŴ
Ʒǹɨ貵ǹâһ䣬ס׽
ԱߣľҲǲֳƷ齣նܹ
Ȼ̣ҲǱ׽ˣ³˼ھѪ˼صˣԪɡ
Ǳ˾͸ˡ
ҽлصƬռתۼԶʿնѪˮȾ˵ر
ڣʮȥеĽȫʧˡ
ʱȴ⣬лվ߸ˡ
ŵϺ˵ʬ壬ľɫĪ˫۷Զʿ־ֿ֡
ʮΧɱһˣȴֻʣˣ
ǽʱˣĪŶ죬˫ͬ㣺С֣أҲƿңҿ㻹Σ
䣬ĪϱҰϢҰް㡣
ǹһĪų˹ȥֱɱ졣
ӵľ㡣Ц⣬ձ㣬˵ֻʸ񣿡
Ԫ֮ʱ
ܼɨķĪԳǹȥ
Ѿʧһϣն
ľ
˵ţľƷ齣˳ȥĪһǰһɱ졣
ԶһĨ⣬һɱ졣
ûֽɱ
ŭȡ
ڴˣɱʮˣЩ˿Ǳһӻ
ɱ
˴𣬸似һչѤá
ֹԪĪսһһĻɵȻһЦ

Į
̧𣬶ʱ䣬וּһǰصн
ɫ䣬ܣϧվЩˡ۵һһ˱ᴩѪˮӿſڣʵĵڵϡ
⡭
ô£
ȫͣ
ˣľĪŶݡ
𼱣Ϊǣҿ˲׼һĪţЦʣµˣƬݵ»ʮƾᣬСĵ㣬ǧҪЩطΪǿʱ˲ͺ͸ղһ
ԣȴľĪŵˣȫ¶־֮ɫŵ棬һ˲䣬Ƭз·һߴһܾͻ
㡭㡭
죬˲ɵò
ʱ˿ֱһħ
ĪŵɫΪ׿񣺡С֣
һĪų죬Ʒǹбһſֲɱ⡣
ϲ㣬нˡ
쵭Į
һĪŽŵ׶ʱ۵ĹᴩԷĴȡ
һΣĪǰȺɨڶĪϡ
һĪźԶײڼƹɵαϣñһ
ĪŴѪն׺ݡ
񡣡
Ц
̧ȣĪűȥйԪ˸ɭɭ⡣
ʱוּһԶľųݺһΧαϡʱ䣬αиռƺΪ֮һ¡
֧Ų˶ãһƿݣ
ľȵ
ԶԶ¶һĨϲɫֻҪƿεıݣ뿪Ƭռ䣬ǾͲηˡ
£˶ݱԵ
Ҳ˵𣬱Ҷ
һ
וּһ˸ܳŵ׶ʱ𣬵֮ᴩ
һĻ˺ݺһʱҶˡ
ЦŹԪ˲Ϣľǰ
㡭
ľݣٶ
쳤һնľ
ľֳֵһײһľʱɡ
εֵ׽ľѾ˲ˣԪɣĶ֡
ڸһˣϧˡ
Į
ŹԪһľȥ
ʲô
ľὣأĶ졣
첻мһЦԩ޳ܵɱң˵Ҫʲô
ľɫʱЩѿȻ֪Ҫɱ
óѣ
ľ
뻳ľӻȡһСƿƿʢװԪҺȻԪЧʮʿԪָ۷״̬
һƿԪҺɼֵңҪǣȶǳϡ٣ͨԣǮҲ򲻵Ͼ˭ûºķҵĴǮȥָֻܻԪĶڴˣԪҺûʲôгľҲǷ˲ٹڰɭǰôһƿҺ
һУΪɱ죬Ϊ˳ɹԺ

ľ
˵ţľȥƿֻҪԪָ۷״̬ĿնΧαݣ֮󣬼˺Կɱ졣
ϧվλá
쵭Į
һʱ䣬ľŵףޱ߽۵Ĺľڡ
ľҽУеСƿֶ
һСƿȡУֱӽ֮յʯС
ԪҺǺö
ųһľǰ
㡭
죬ľ־ŭֿ־塣
ޱĶľԪ𣬽â¡
ʱ䣬ľɫұ䡣
ȵȣɱңҡǸ
ûм˻᲻£ľȻ⡣
ɡ
ɫĮ
ӷܵɱ޹֮һǸ֣
̫ˡ
Ԫѹ£۵һľͷ­ֱӱն
ɱľ·ֻ˼Ϊ򵥵£ûа㲨΢΢ƫͷɨһߵĪţţһۿһһնˣµȥǷܵžۡ


115 һ򾡣£
Īŵɫѿһŭ𣬷㳯ɱȥ
䣡
Ʒǹ˵ɱ⣬ͬһͷŭᴩ졣
һӣһƳĪϡ
žһĪٴεɣԶ
ƾӣһߴȥ

ĪſӿѪ޵Ķ졣
Դˣ˿Ҳ⣬ľƷ齣յʯС
Ʒ齣ɼֵʮҡ
֮Զˡ
ˡ
һȥ
ʣµ˶ǿߣʵһʿҪǿ˲٣Ǵ˿̣ȴ¶־֮ɫ
ġǰɣ
ġ
ľɱˣ˵˫ȫ־帲ǡ
ǣЦ
̡
һΣ˲һǰȭĻӳһ굹ɣ˺ۣɿȴǲӿѪอƬ
ȭһɱ
ϵĿ־Ũŵŵŵĺˡ
ȴλˡ
Į
ʱ䣬Уһŵ׵Ĳݵ鿪۵Ĺڣ֮ء
תۼ䣬ʣһˡ
ħ㡭ħүŹģ
˴С
ʮ˰ʮǿߣתۼ䱻ɱʮˣ
̲סЦԲԼɱʱûү᲻Ź㣿
һͣ־ַŭ

ʱһ췢Χƹɵαݿˡ
Զһ㶣漴ɫϲವĳ˳ȥ
ҡҡͷһ̧ȣһ˳ì߳
ìƿ۵һᴩ˵ĺأ֮һϣֱ
ɱ˺ƫͷĪš
ֻʣˡ
ƽ쳯Īűȥ
ĪŻѪۣ׽Ѫֱ˼ţѾ˼صˣˣĪŶɺ׺ݡ
Һܲ

˵ţ˲ϢĪǰһĪؿڡ
һĪŵɣŵԶ

һĪվɱ졣
ЦһץסĪŵĳǹݺһ𣬶ʱĪųǹֻڣ䳤ǹ˹
Īŭ𣬳ǹᣬӶ֣һȭ
˫ۣòĪȷʵǿ̶ˣȻս⣬ֻǣսܲ
кâһ¶һĨ̵ЦһסĪŵ֣ݺһŤ

Īŵͷѣһʹߡ
ȻһЦһĪŵϥϣͷѵٴδ
һĪŵϥڵأձЩŤ
סǽ
Ц
һԪ𣬺ݺݴĪŵ֡
ǰЩ丮ľţ⸮һڸһˢľ˼¼գ۹ԶְЦ㻹ΪԼ˲֪ƿŽ֪ǿʦҾɱ
˵ţ̧һţĪϥǡ
һĪ˫ϥ
֣
Īɫɵŭӣǰ
²
Ц
֣һȭĪϡ
һĪŴѪһſݻѪˮӿ

һŽĪ߷ڵأĵ
Īκ֫ϣվ
㡭ã
ݼȫ䣬Ī´ʶЩˣ졣
ۣЩһ䣬̧ȣݺһŲĪؿڣϧйĶˣֶˣӦʱ־ĲŶԣԵÿɰһЩ
˵ţ̧ȣһ¡

ĪڲҽҲѡ
ЦͶˣʱôԱְ
ĪŷŭĶ죺á
飡
֣һȭ¡
ǿһȭĪŶʱڿѪʹŤĸˡ
˵ˣǽҪнӡ츩Īţ־ĲӦ¡
˵ţγԪ۵һĪŵһ۰
ĪŲҺѪˮͣӿ

쵭Į
һһһȭԲ̵ֶĥĪţֱȥʮĪŵ¶־֮ɫ
ɱңɱҡ
Ī
Ц¶֮ɫ
Ըˣж̣Ҫ̣
̧Ԫâɭɭ
ˣþûȪ·ϻµۣĪŵΪٹãĪҵˣһȫ㡣
ĪŶʱɴ˫ۣ嶼㡭㡭
ټ
۵һԪ£Īŵͷ­бɳȥ˫ȴĵš
һԪʱʧСɨһܣĪŵƷǹȡ˹յʯУ΢΢˶٣ֱԾ뿪

磬ϦҪʱػطǣʦᡣ
ˡ׷ӭ
ͷЦЦ
ովһսȴ·ʲôҲûз㣬ܿ콫ľ˻ٴαƽռǸƽ͵ӡңڻʱʯȡһ·ϣϾ֮ǰսȾ˲Ѫ
Ķݸ׷ƣ׷ЦЦ
Ƭ̺׷Ƶ֮ǰЩһһǧʮ֣ǼţҪһɲϣ
ȫһµӡ
һµӣ
׷ƺ
ͷ
õģԵȡ˵ţ׷ƴӹ̨߽棬úȡ˸Сƿܹʮµӣˣպá
𣬷뵽ʯС
һ룬⻹治һĹ
Ҫʲô𣿡
׷ʵ
ͷȡֽдһƵϵ嵥Щ鷳ѡһ¡
ѽ鷳ġ
׷Ƶ
׷ƵĶܿ죬ú㽫вȫѡãװ뵽һСӵݸ졣
лл
Ц
׷æ֣ˣܰﵽ׷Ƶҡ
⼸ʱѾȥ¸׷Ƽ򵥵˼䣬漴ڹ˾η˳ȥ
ܿ죬ص丮סϴһصϢ
ֱҹʱ֣ùϦ׼õķˣ漴󴦡
ӭǹ⣬תļﵽ۷ʱͣ

³һ콫̻ƵĲȡ˳
ƣ̻ЩѶȣĿѾͬһ㣬ѶȻ㲻ʲô
ҹǳ˸أͶġ
ڣ۾̻ƣܿһҹȥһҹľʮµӣӡʮƳƷᡣ
ˣտ̻ơ

վչ˫ۣ¶
ӭųһ쳯ųϸȥľΪڸһˣ˵丮ǿĵӣôһǿţɺͨ⸮ӲһԼӦȥʯ˵¡


116 
峿ʱ֣ʯڳϸʲôӵڳϸִµڸ
ʯԹŹ֣ʯ
ǡ
ִµ
úִµĴ£ʯڵķ䡣
ִ±ٴȥ
Сһ£
Цʵ
ͷǶһſڣλϣ
£콫ռڰɭֵһһ档
ʲô
ʯɫһ䣬վ
ʯɫ࣬͵һӣĪţĪңǳıӵˣ
Ī֮ǰͼδɱ죬丮Ѿ辯棬ݱ¶ƿнʱĪžȻҶ֣ʯŭɶ
΢΢ľ£λˡ
ʯһۣ̾˿
ˣչǾȡ
̾
ʯǸƢ£ԴͷĪңָ˵
лһĨâ΢΢˵ͷ
ʱ쿪ڣλǰĪҾͽҰɣʼҺǵĶԹԼ
ĪǸ壬ȻСҲܿ⣬ô
ʯü
ǰģġ

ʯ΢΢ĬƬ̺ҡҡͷ
ˣ㶼ô˵ˣ㡣
ʯΡ
˶֪ܲһ㣬Ȳ˵λˣܹɱĪźľ˵컹вٺ֣˵Ҳ̫ġ
λǰˣ͸ˡ

Ѿʯ׼ȥһЩ¡
ȵȡ
ס졣
ͣ½Ųǰ£
ͷʮңʳǵı׵Ժ丮ѡһӣú׼ľεֻˡ
΢ʮͻ
ýѡ𣿡
ʵ
ʯɵ÷ۣСһʮ꣬츳ڶ죬׿ʦˮ׼ڻʳҲǾ£丮˭ܱȵù㣿
εЦЦЩ˼
ǸϢ
ˣȥɡ

һ˳ȥں÷š
Сȴ˽Բĵͷ
Сһ츳ƿŽôһλµʦΪȴʼǫѷƽͣ񡣶һЩˣֻǱЩʣֻЩ΢СŰ裬Ŀ޷ͣ
ʯп
˵ĲСһע֮


һۣȥ
ʱĪҡ
ĪվĪҴڣŲӡ
Īȥɱ£ĪȻ֪ͬʱɳĪĪǰʱȥĪźĪع飬ʧȥټ
Īȥ̽Ϣ˿ĵȴ

˳˽ɫΪ԰ס

Ī
սսǡǸ죬˵Ѿ丮Ȼ
Īݺһɫ৵ıס
ʱһһ˽촽£ͨһĪǰ١үүˡ
䣡
ĪֻоԴһضת
˵ʲô˵һΣ
Īŭ
˲ںڰɭУүүʬ壬ʬ壬ڡڡ˵ţƫͷȥ
⣬ʬ屻ײţֻ˫ȱ¶⡣
Īɫһף˹ȥ
ƿһײĿһ˵ӣĪҵĪĪܡĪڲƿһײʱ䣬ĪһѪˮ͵

Ī˫һƬѪ졣
ڶײĪŵʬ壬ͷ­նɴ˫ۡ
죡Ҫɱ㣡һҪɱ㣡
Ī
СĪɭɱڣĪҲɱĪ˫۱鲼Ѫ˿ɱ⣬Ȼû뵽ԼһȳҪɱ졣

ҹ丮
ڶڣƱ򿪷࣬ʮͬǳҲüΪ嫺Ũ
ˣ
ǹƣһߡ
Է֣ľԽӵǿˡ
ڶܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱֵҹ
˫ۣǳɢȥ
ʱˡ
䣬лһĨâ
Ӷ£쳯Ϧķ俴һۣСŮ˯
ЦЦСסķţչһƣڰС
ʱ뿪丮һݻĴլǰ
լӵĶϣ֣Īң
ʱĪҴ⣬߸ǿţΪ죬ʵ
û⣬һһߵĲǽԾϣĪڡĪڲƻԻͣҸܰڷŲٱܣǹìꪴӦоС
ʼɡ
Ц
һҹĪûκ˷֣һӰںڰУĪҸ䡣
ҹɢȥ
ֱ賿ʱ֣ĪϢ뿪ص丮ס
׼ˡ

صסû£ĵ˯һ
һһֱ˯硣
ʱ֣˹ߵСľɰڷſɿڵķˡ
ϤķˣͻȻúܲԼֳȴʼչš
΢΢ҡҡͷϴһϦ׼õķ˳꣬ʰ󣬳丮ȥʵѾùһöٹȵоʣֻǣϦȻѾ׼÷ˣ˷ѵⷬ⡣

ױÿռ䶼ң˶ƽǸ
߳丮ֱױ
Сֵܣӭӭ
ʷЦ
ϡ

Ȼֻʷкɵ˫ۣԳ˵ģܵܣôεεĴվԱߣѵû
죺
˵ҾͿһˮ
ҡҡͷûǶЩ޿κΡ΢У֮ݸʷ
ǣ
ʷ΢㶡
ƾᡣ
һӡʮƾᣬȥĪҺķ帱ڻʣ˸ʷԼ
ƣСֵ֮ǰ˵ֿκƶٶȵƣ
ʷ
ǡ
ͷ
ʷһۣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
һʷ죬֣صлСֵܣǮ⣬һ㿴Σ
΢㶣ֵߡ
ҡҡͷЦϣ֮ǰǽʯʮңٿڰңƣҪǮơ
⡭ʷɣܿ˵ͷˣлСֵˡ
ʷҲϰ֮ˣкˬһ棬춼˵ˣȻƴǡ
´죬˶ٺǵֱۣεεĵõܵܣá˵ţӻͳһöʣʳǣȥʳǣЩô


117 Ժ
֮ҪС˲٣ȥЩŮӵΡ
ǣ
ɻ
ۣǲһֱдԣױиСļ֧ô˵أȷʵˡ˶٣ŵʳǱҲױĴڣΪ۱ȻģԶԶױɱȡ
죬ױ󱳺󣬾и֧ţ
ȴԶĪСȣϾĪʷһ𾴵ӡ
ⶫ
춢еһ֣
öڻʳǵľ۱ڣһ˼㶼ṧҪھ۱ʲôһɰչ㣬вٺöม
΢㶣ССô
ŹֵĴͻȻãŮӣòݺܲ򵥰
ʲô죬գգۣսСǲϽˣǣԵ㼸ม

̲סɿȣ˲
ćɵЦʮ㣺ɰ
캹գɰ֣òôʰ
ⶫûɣ
ĳЧͽ࣬ô֪ⶫԼ᲻ԼʲôӰ졣
޷
Ц
ͷѾУƴǣ̫ӡ
£콫յʯС
лˡ
Цŵ
꣬Ҳ
ԣ
⵹ǰ˵òУ죬Ҫһ緹
ԭѾԹͲס飬ֻһ
˻ᣬ뿪
ʷԽ͵ױǰĿ뿪Զ΢΢ֱ֣쳹ԶŰַ
С㣬Ƕû𣿡
ʷ
û⡣ҡҡͷ뿪ķ򣺡֮ǰΪʷĿʦΪ뵽иǿʦҾãύǶǼ£һڣΪѣֵûκ׵ѣҾãǿΪѵˡ
ʷ΢㶣漴Цˡ
ô𣿡
ɻ
ʷҡͷЦûʲôϷֻΪС뷨еˣȷʵС۹ܲǸСֵȻʾʵǿ󣬿ɴȴϣ꣬һѣһ¡
΢΢һЦ˲١
ԣѡʲôģûʲôˣԭҲϲЩǶ԰ﵽһЩСæҸеˡ
˵

ױ뿪ʱɫ硣
ص丮΢˷϶ʼ
֮·ܼܳݲðи
ˣ
ƣܵʱͬС뺣ڣȺ֧£һԼڵĻԪ漴ʼڵľ
ֱճʱվ
¶ӭųһ쳯䳡ĿȥԴΪﵽ췢Լľǿ˺ܶ౶ÿֻϢʱӣоκ룬ڶգɫɺܺá
󴦣˴˸к˽ȥ
ȫûʲôоƽذﵽѹȸɲֱıŸоѹѹȴǲֱֹӿ屶
屶ڸо£оҵʹ
ֹֻڴˡ

ȴǲ֪һЩڸʱ˿̣屶ЩڸӸԲ˫ۣΪ˹
һ΢Ӧ屶ʹкʼǚiͬѰȹΣ֣似֮һ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ǚi屶жޣĶȴҲǺȻٶԶԶ޷ȡ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱʼղǚiڣоЩ֧ˣԪĵļΪء
ൽˡ

ͣ²ӣһ쳯ȥ
߹ʱƬһЩڸӸȻ̲סҺ屶ȻЩԶЩڸӵΪһƬԿ屶ڵĶĿࡣ
ؾ屶ǰƶ⻹𣿣
ܿ죬߳󣬶ʱо̹˺ܶࡣ
󷨶ǵĥЧĲ
찵
ÿνоԼвƵջ
չ֫ӿ뿪ܿصסһöٹȵʼ
ӿϽڣԾӵѨҹʱ֣ǳӿ£ơϥڣ첻ǳͬʱҲǳǡ
ļƣǱޣϵУյ㣡
ܿ죬һҹоʹ˹ȥ
¶󣬾ʱϢٴǰ屶ĥԼܣͬʱҲǚi
ˣһۣչȥ
켸жȹѾǿܴøǿңҲԪΣѾھԵʮλôԪĶųƽԪĳɣƽռٶҲ˲١
̶գоԼʵࡣ
ʱһǰȥ䳡Ÿ߳ţͺ˸š
ʹ
ŶͷߵĶ졣
캹գҵ¡ɫøߣһҧгݵģıðɣҵĴ
һЩ
ʦȥ
˵
೤ϣһ㶣£
ʳǵı׵Ժ˹ˣ㶮ġ
Ȼ˵ͷ
ˣ߰ɡ
Ҳܻ䣬־ϸȥ
ϸʱڳϸ丮ִûκηӦδҪ˼ȻʯѾ˾ֱ볤ϸ󣬴ԼʮĴ£һ⡣
ţ浱
һ뷿䣬΢΢ɨһֻۣʯһڽ̸ʲôϻЩ֮ɫ
ˡ
࿴꣬Ц
վ죺˵Ǹţ
ţʯѾ˵й¡
Եţʯ˿֮ʡ˵ţʯָ꣬ܵСһλݣΪ׵Ժĵʦ


118 и
칪һ񣺡ǰ
ݣ췢ȻʯԵһЩΪȴǺ˲࣬ˣȴֻǱ׵Ժһʦѡô׵ԺĳǣǶʶǿˣ
뵽첻ɵõһǱ׹丮ȻǿԶԶǾ丮ȡ
ʱҲڴ죬һ֮£ݶʱǰһ
ãȻ
ţδ֮ǰѾ˵˲ٹ£һȣ˿챾ˣһ󣬸ǲɵͷݵȻﵽڶ졣
ʮ꣬ڶأǾš
֣࣬ɷٲһ츳֪ұۿУȥʳǺ󣬺Ժ档
Ȼû⡣

ⳤϸв츳ĵطһ˺ܿһСǰһ츳ʯ
Сһȥɡ
ʯ
ʯЦ⣬˵δۼ츳ʱĳ˿̲⻹Щڴ
һߣҲգֱֱۣĶ졣
ߵǰʯϣԪһʱ䣬漴תԪʯϣھſ𣬹âһ財
һĻ˽Ŀâ

СȻ֪ž츳ۼ츳ʱĳ⻹Щ𾪡Ҫ֪츳ߣ׹ҲǷëǰĴڣˣһ㶼Ǽڻʳǵı׵Ժ
úúãܺãݹƣ˵ţǰ԰ɣ˵㻹һλǿĿʦɷչʾһ£
˵ʦǾ⡣
ԡ
ͷ
ûīⷿȡЩˮָ붯Ƭ̼㽫һӡһŰֽϡ
⡭
һ
Ϊ׵ԺĵʦȻٿʦԺҲпˣɴʱӡƵ̶ȴ𺳡ң̳ƺҲܲһ㣬һԵüΪ˳һְϡ
һߣʯҲĿ¶⣬һ졣
գգۣǺ⣬ֻǾĿַƮݡ
ãʯЦ
֣Σ
ʯЦЩ⡣
úúãǳãݲסĵͷ˵ţ죬죬ǰĿģӦѾ֪ˣԸ뱱׵Ժڱ׵ԺԵõ׹õԴǿ似
䣬ֱĶ죬·Ƕһر㡣ʮ꣬ڶΪ츳һп֮һţһ֮ܽٵ׵ԺԺضٽ
룬ʯ
ȥɣԥʲô
Ц
ʯǵ˵ͷ
һݣ΢΢Ը⡣
ԣݶʱϲ
ã˵ţݴӻȡһСƣ֮ݸ죺Ǳ׵ԺĵƣպãºԺɡ
ӹƣֻϿһ֣ƺۻ롣
лǰ

֣˵òС
ˣݵ֣ʯ֣ǷģصԺһǷӦ丮һţԺض費ƵĽ
һЦǱˡ
ӦõģӦõģ
ݵ
ݺܸˣЩ±Ӿ丮뿪ֱ̤˷ػʳǵ·ݵĻ˵еȾţҪԺĳǡ
߳ϸͷ΢Щƽ
ϾܿҪʳǵԺˡ
ػһؽһ;ߵͷ
а
涢죬ʱʱһ˿𾪣żƲƲ졣
ܿ췢ôС棿
ûʲôһŽ丮ĸ¶ѣϾҪȥʳˣ̫ˣ丮ʷϣɴû븮ĸ±Ժˡ
춢棬ֱֱĿš

泯һ
컵ЦȤò᲻߰ɣ
һ죬漴һޣ˭᲻㣬ˣֻЩ᲻СϦѡ
ԣ쵹ͻȻĬ
˶٣棬棬м㡣
һ㶣ôӣǵһμ
˵

ºȥ׵ԺʱϦи𣿡
ͨһЩ˽⣬֪ʳǺܲһ㣬˸ָĶһȥʳǣز죬涼ȶһСľͻĳЩУʱϦȥ»ϦİȫвԼ޾һУ漰Ϧİȫ⣬ȴǲò
ƺ֪ʲôڵģ
ͷû棬˵ϣСϦ⣬Ψһܹε˾ֻˣңСϦһʱҲܿģ丮ǷȫĵطСϦи㣬ҿ԰ٷְٷġ˶٣ЩڴʵǸ𣿡
Ȼû⣡æͷ˵СϦΨһε˱Լ÷ǳˡ룬Сǲ֪СϦԸԸ£ܿóǺֳġ
΢㶣ҡҡͷ
ģһֱСϦ뵽СŮᡣ棬ɫ棬лл棬£һСϦģСϦܹԣһԸһ𡣡
л㶼˵ֻЦңҲϲСϦ
ܸмʵڲ֪˵ʲôл⡣
ˣ£Ҫ׼ЩʲôҪæ
ʵ
׼ûʲôҪ׼ġҡͷ漴丮֮⣬˿˿âֻǣ뿪ǰһὫевȫɨ
˳ĿȥĪҵķ
㡭
ʱ䣬ɫһ
ûκǰĪŻصǣһԶǿߵڰɭɱңȻûеóѣԼҷɱӦ֪İɣҺĪҵĳԹѾܽ⿪뿪ǰҪ峹ɨ޷·
Īȥڰɭɱ㣿㲻ƿнôɴ˫ۣУȻɱĪţ˿ΪһԶǿ׷棬Ȼɱˣôģ
汻쾪ĲУһʳ⡣
ԣƿнĪŻɱˣеĻĪǿߣϽ丮ǰĪɭɱ֣һɱˣ᲻ܽ⿪Ҳܽ⣬ֻһ·ɡ

üһˣôܹĪ忹⡣
ңû⣬ҲĪźеһԶǿ߶ɱЩ˿ɸǿߡ΢΢һЦĪĪҵǿߣȻĪȴǻĪǿ߱κв


119 ´Ī
죬Щԣôһ˵ɱ¾⣿
û⣿
ʵ
ĪҵĶԹҲ֪ܽĿȷʵֻһ·ɡ
ġ
Ц
ˣ㣬нҪȥĪңҲʲô⡣ȥСϦ棬Ժˡ
ͷһ𣬳Լסȥ
գʳǱ׵ԺѾ丮ѡγϢųѡеΪڸ죬Ϣʱ䴫丮
⡭
ľأǺųڸһ𣿡
Ȼûоѡ
֡
Ǹȷʵʸ񡣡
丮ڣٵ۷׷ס
ԭ׵Ժÿ丮ѡεӣһıڸĵȫμӣȴֱѡ˲졣˾ľӦʸᣬȴǲ֪ľѾ
ڸհ˵ǲô⡣
ʮ꣬׿ʦεȷʵֵĪ

հ׺
ĬĿ׺ͷȷʵǿ
ųϢ丮ڷձ㽥䵭ˣΪѾϵЩľһˣҲǰȥϾľ쵽˭ܽԺǵĹϵ

丮ڵһȻˣȴ⡣
ʱڶڣɵ
ˣ
۶ͬһС㳯ӿȥ
쿪ʼѡͷ­һѨԾһһֵĵѨӡǸԵḶ́ҪѺܶʱ䣬ҲԵüΪ߶ԣȴ㲻ʲô
һҹٴǰ
ֱӽ
ǚi
һǚi
ʱ켸ڲͣǣĥǣԪżҲȥڸĻɱмԼսˣչȥѾͽɱǿߵޡ
һգлһĨâ
ʱˡ
վ¶󣬳丮ȥ
˿ѾҪӽ磬ǽֵСĽʱʱ
Ѿǣڽֵϣ˶Ͷη񡣶ԴˣԵúƽϲޱѭһȥ
ܿ죬һլǰլӵϿӡ֣Īҡ
ĪǰռҲš
ԵúƽֱĪڿȥ
ʲôˣվס
ŵһ˺ȵ
Աߣһ˿ģɫʱһ䣺죡
˳ֳǹɱ죬Ҳ
ޱ飬һ˵ĳǹһŽ߷ɣݺײĪҴϣĵڵء漴гǹһΣ۵һһ˸

˲ҽУģ벻ѡ
һĻʱĪɫԱ䡣
ǣҪʲô
Ǹ죬˵ĪԹ
⡭ȻֱӴˣ
˵ɴ˫ۡ
ĪΪΨһһ壬Ѿãǿ£һ˸Ҵŭڣһʮ꣬ȻֱӴĪǰˡ
찡
˲ʯ
һ˶ѣȻɱһǰˣ
ЩΧǣһҲ⣬˵ҪЩ˿ĪңٵĪҡٹգҪ뿪ǣڴ֮ǰҪĪңҪ壡Ҫ֪쾿ʲô
ˣϦڷǣġ
ʯ·һ߽Īҡ
ʱĪԺﻹвĪӵܣ㴳һ־ŭѾǣ˲֪˲ǼǶ֣ŭǣһ˶ѣȻôŵĴĪ
һϣôһ𣬲òһˣ
˴
ϣ
Աߣһ˸͵
˶˹ȥŵһһʽǺޱȡ
ʮˣ
ޱ飬ԪУ΢΢һ𣬶ʱ䣬âɢ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǰˣѪУĲ
ҵһЩͨӵܣԷŹĪҲУξȫ֮ɱȻ֪ƿнҲɸҶ֣ɳֺĪһȥڰɭֶԸһ壬ô飿
ңʱ˿̣վо˿жɱЩеľŭ֮ɫŨǵɱȴĸ֪Щˣ飬޴ԼϦв
ﬣ
һޱ߽ϯҰ
ڶΪǿʮڵӿԿ⣬ֻתۼѣĪԺȫѪˮȾ죬һ߾ʬڵϣĿġ
찡⡭
£
̫ˣ
ĪΧˣĪ֮ڣ˿Һ嶼ڷ
ֻһ˲ѣ´ǡ

ʲô
丮ڣʯӵ丮ִµһվ
ߣȥ

ڿǾ丮ıѾʳǵԺѡΪӣɾԲκʧ£ʯ첽߳丮Īڵλȥ
丮ڣһ䡣
һ
ۡ
˵ҪԸĪңѾ֪ȴôҲû뵽Ȼһˣĳ뵽ĪУҲ̫ˣ
ˣнһֱ֧ǲͺˣ
Ҳ˳ȥ

ױ󡭡
һ
Ŀ⡣
ʷЦСֵܣʵЩ
Ҿͦãж͵ˣ

Դ֪ݺʷһЩ¼Ͷ˽ˣĪĶԹνÿζĪ죬˵£ȫĪұƵģΨһһ
ϣȥʵʱ򣬰

ʷһЦСġ
Īڷһʷȴ㲻ʲô
£ͬʱ߳ױ󣬳Īȥ


ʲô£
ϵõµʱ˫ۡ
ʱ򣬶뵽ĲĪһΣǵİΣ
ǽƿߣǳʲô⣬ɾͷˡ
̸Īң죡
Ϻ
˵ţ˳ȥ
һ̣ͬһʱ䣬ڵĸСˣ˶۵Ī֮⣬ĪĽֵΧˮйͨ
ﬣ
ĪڣХ̶â˸ʱʱѪâƮ
ޱ飬ֳֹԪĪԺȥһһɱ˿ɵ

ʱһŭ
Ī˳߻ˣн̺Ŵ̹ɱ⡣ͬһʱ䣬Īڣǿ߳ԼˣΧ
ԴˣԵúƽ˿޾塣
óˣһΪ
ĪЦ


120 ɱƵ
ĪŭݣһˣȻĪڲټӾ
ɱ
Ī
£ʱ䣬˶졣
ǹâȭӰһʱ䣬ܼĹͬ͸ǽѹ졣
ﬣ
ХһΪģʮɫ
ǰĵǹâ飬˱ɣҽС
СèСֻҲңδ̫Īӵˡ
쵭Į
Ԫ˸տտâĪ˱ȥ

ɱ
Īӵܴ
ǿĪӵίʵ٣ռݾơ
쵴һ˵ĳԪһһûʺʱ˻ѪСͬһʱ䣬ܿɱһ˳ǹֻӶȭǹ˻ԪһѪˮϢʧ
⡭
̫ǿ˰ɣ
£
һĻĪ⣬Χ߽ԺȻ
һ˴ĪңĪӵܵİΧȦУ֮һһɱսίʵֲˣίʵˡ
ʱʯѾϵһĬĬ
ҲˣһĻֱֱĵ˫ۡ
Сãͦ
һ
ԱͻȻһŮӣ֪ʲôʱѾϵվұߡ
㣡
ۡ
ǽมЦΪϴε²ˣ
˵Ʋȥ
ʱЦ
С㡣
ʷЩΡ
ĪڲֻڶĪӵܵİΧȦƽȣ˷Ȼеնȴûκһܹϡ
ۣ
ԪƿգնĪһ˵ĺ
һһ˵ɣȭУ
ֳֳûʹǚiܿһǹ֮ĳĪȥ
۵һһ˵¡
׼˲Ŷ𣿡
Ī쵭
ĪɫһɱŭͬʱƵ
㣡
˵ţĪֱ˳ȥ
һϣ
Աߵ˺ȵ˶ĪֵܣֱΪĪĪУĪĪڶ죬Ǵڣǲ׵ǿߡ
ʱͬϣʱ䣬Īӵܶ˿ȥ
λ˶֣ѹ
Կԣ
Īӵ죬̣ͬڿһʬ塣
䣡
񱩵ԪɢĪһѹƲνֲĪսʵЩ£һƷ齣Уâʱ켤䡣
Ͷˡ
Ц
Īܿ£η壬ӭϡ
ײһʱ䣬䡣
ĪȷʵǿƷ齣֣ǿܵס
ʱһ˳ѹһɱ亮⣬ֱϮ󱳡

Īȣгꪱø͡
ͷҲأ·𱳺۾㣬࿪һץסĳꪣתն
۵һѪ

ĪҽУֱն
һ߳ĪʱɣĪӵܽס

Īŭ
Ʒ齣âţ·һ˰㣬ɱ졣
ͬʱĪкĪӲлƺˡ
ˣ쾡ܸоѹɫȴʼպƽ

ĪĳһƣžһĪгɡ
Ԫ֮֮ĪͬʱԱ߲ĪӵѣǿĽᴩ
ĪŭƷ齣øӿ£ɱ䡣
ɱ
ĪкĪһѹ
ͬʱֱնĪŭֶһĪҵӵĳǳȥ
ʱ䣬һͬʱˣѹ



һδײһ𣬷̶Ľ
Īǿ߳Ʒ齣ǰĪϹɱʱΣ֣ϾڶѣʵսѣĪ١
վǲа
ϻһ˶ѣôܺһ忹⡣
̫³çˡ
ҡͷ
ȷʵǿںܶ˿Ҫһ˶ԿĪңȴ޿ܡ
ʱѾڽڽڰˣЩ
ϼһ׼֣ȥ
ʯ
ͷ
һߣЩ
ϣ׼һ¡
ʷͷǰһ
ĪڲһĴǿߣվЩ
С
Ī
Ʒ齣âʢɱһն
һܿ£
ʯ˽Զݣͬʱ粽Īڲ
ʱΣֵȴ¶һĨЦ
ﬣ
ͻأĪ£ޱ߽ɱ⺧ˡ
Īɫ䣬ֻʺˣϧȴЩˣһУʱ䣬ȶѪˮȾ졣
Ī⣬˽Ųһ٣Щ˼Īڡ
ǣ
˲졣
һߣҲǶݡ
ΨʷЩʲôɻղţѵƣ
ĪѪܣŭ졣
ʲô
Ī֪ղô£ȴܲµضڸ
¡
ۡ
Īʱɫŭɱ纣һɢ
װģ
Īкȵ
гնһ磬ĪкĪһɱ졣
վԭδĪкĪҪǰʱصʮÿһ̺֮⣬̼佫˱ˣ˲СĴˡ

Īŭȫ֪ôһ£ֻܳˡ
ʱһӰͻأ졣
㡭
Īдʧɫ

䵭Ʈгһֱ֮
ѪƮ𣬽ʮĪеͷ­б˳ȥ
ĵܣ
ĪС
ͷ­أĪеʬ֮£Ӵ󷢳һ졣
ĪеʬĪĪŭǵֵܣȴôǰնͷ­

ŭ
Ī֮⣬ʯ졣
Сһ
ԭѾ׼ȴôͻȻǰһ̻ھƣתۼشĪնɱĪУʵ˾Ȳѡ
ͬʱΧҲ𺳣ȫ׸ղôһ¡
ʱֻĪڵŭ
ˣһɱɱ
Ī
˵ţĪһ˳ȥ
һ˴Ī˭ն
Ī
ֵǰɱŭ㡣
ɲǼѣͬʱ죬⽣ӰȭâȾӿ˹ȥ
˶ѹңǴˡ
Ц
Ļ£̼䣬ĪҶ飬ܼĽ𣬵һʱ佫ĪȫС
ﬣ
ɫɱƣ֮ʮʱ侪סˡ
۵תۼ䣬ʮĪӵܵѪ֮С
⡭ʲô
Īӵܾ֡
ͬһʱ䣬Ī֮⣬Χ߾ԱɫȫһĻסˡ
찡

ǰ˶סˡ
ʱ˿̣ܼĪϿգͬѹһ㣬ǵȿֲƾĲսսˡ
ǿʷɵľΪ׿ʦֶ𣿣


121 նĪ
ܼɫƵĪϿգɫ䡣
ҵ죬ʲô
˾
ʱ˿̣ĪϷշ·ڰһ߳Ľâ绡žͣνš
Ѫ⽦䣬Īһӵܽ¶֮̿ɫ
ģ⵽ʲô
Īŭ
һС㻹𡣡
쵭Į
䣬һ϶ʱиĽ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮըתۼʮĪӵܵѪС
ʮǰԼǱĪңĪҸܹ½һٶั׽ƣԼ˿̣ԥ̯ڴɱ֡


ҽд˷ʱ˿̣콫Īڵȫǵȳν֮һɱ£Īҵܹͨס
תۼ䣬ĪҴԺѪˮȾͨ졣
ĪҵҪӳȥϧȴǴһαݣȥ

˴󺰣Ȼܿ㱻ûͬʱдһ޵Ѫ졣
תۼ䣬Īҽĵ
Ī⣬Χ߸ɫҰף嶼ɵö
⣬һʿ𣿡
ôܣ
ʦһǿʦֶΣǿʦ
˿־塣
Բ˫۶ĪڲֻĪϿգһɱ׹䣬նһĪӵܣͬʱٽâĪطͤ¥ը鿪
𺳣ϣ⡭ǿ𣿡
Կ϶ԲڴͳĶΪչȳ̶ȵΨп֮пܡ
ʷ
׶ѣȻһ˿һС壬ʦȻ¡

ʷҡͷǰˣһ׿ʦԲȳ̶ȵһ붼ﲻСֵӦƿһЩ˵еƣ򲻿ˮ׼Եĳ档
һʦʲô˰
Ц
Īڣ̶Хϻصâͬ׹䣬ĪڲƲһͤ¥̮һ˱նĪһȫ־֮С

ҽѣš
һĻĪŭ۾ˣŭХų˳ȥ
ɱ
Īֳֵ졣
ɨӹȥʱ䣬һâ䣬һĪĪһ顣
ĪĪһ֣ϧܵסƥ
ۣ
ۣ
ͬʱѪâɨԶ
һʱ䣬Īڣ˿־岻ֻӴܡϧķƶݵķˣЩ˸Ӳȥֻܱܴӿ׹µĲ׽

ҽвϻصͷƤ顣
ͬʱǱ룬Īⲻٹս߲Ĳ
ʱŵŵŵ𣬳ڸϵһ֧ɵľӣƺƵĪ⡣ԭڵİΣɵ￴ĪڲһĻĻʱ΢΢һ֮ɫ
һڱʿҲǾѡ
ĪڣĪ˼ŶЯˣ¶һĨϲɫ
ˣĪе
ͬһʱ䣬Īڶӵܷ·ץһݰ㣬Ŷϵķ󺰣˾
϶ǰֻĪҴԺѾѪˮȾ죬Ϻ˵Žپʬ壬Ȳ״ĶȾ˵˶ɵõһ
̧ͷĪԺ죬Сˣǲȡ
ĪΪΨһһ壬ڷǶԻЩģĪѾôˣЩĲ̡
ƫͷĮң
ɫһ䣺⡭²ң
Ǿһߴš

ͷĪˣû˿
֮󣬲µĽӿɲ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪҺɽһĪӵܲͲҽ
Ī˫۳죬ֱĿѡ
ЩɶĪҵֱϵӵܣĪδϣ
ס֣㻹𣡡
Īŭ
ԣ·ʲôЦ㣬Ī̸ԣãʲôԡԾĪɭǼΪ˹϶£ԾĪݹūջּլԾĪɭĪҪɱңԾĪ⸮ʱҪҵԾĪҾȫ֮ɱңԾĪ丮ڸȡԾĪ֪ƿнɱҡ
䵭絶̵ֱĪ˸ɫࡣ
ͬʱĪ⣬Χ߾ԱɫдԣĪԹ˶֪ʲôʲôԹȴֱ֪ʱ˿̣Щ˲߼ĳԹԴԺδȻˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
˶Īָָ㡣
ԭ֣Ǵ˿̣Ļ󣬶ʱ˫ۡ
ĪôĵӣгһգǲϽ˶Ҵɱˣ
Īŭɶ
֮ǰĪҵĳԹϲô⣬öһ£Ī֪ǽƿߣȻȥɱ죬ϽҲһεı׹
Ĵ
󣬲ٱʿҲŭĪˡ
Īһɫ৵ľͰ
˶٣Ī죬ɫüΣҪɱ㣡
˵ţĪֱӳ˳ȥֱ졣
ɱ
ĪĪҲǴ
ʱ֪ԼһѾû·Ҫ˵죬ǷҲԲŹǡɱƿߣ㹻ɨƽĪˡڣֻһ뷨Ǿɱ죡
һжΪС
ĪĿ˿뵽һжĪұƵġ
ųĪˣ¶һĨЦмһˣͿʼˣϧûаĪŶɱˣܱ֮Īǿ𣿡
䣬̧𣬲ϵĲ׽ʱϵͣ
ն
ĵ
̼䣬ܼ£Īˡ
ֻ˲䣬˲зϵĪ׽ɨУĪ㿪׽ȴǶ㲻࣬һâ̴ĵѪС
飡
Īһâϧȴͻأǰһ߷˳ȥ
ĪӿѪĶ죺
ߣĵ׽˲Ϣ£ֱĪ֫ĪεĶڵر
ĪҽУ׶ĵʹնŤ
úÿĪ·ȻţһжĪܡ
п
䣬ĪϿգнâ׹¡
ס֣סְ
Ī˷Ĵ
𡣡

â׹ٶȸ죬̼佫Īӵܸǡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪҺ䣬ҽв
̲δ̫ãʮܰĪʬ鲼ѪˮȾУֻһĪţεĶŵϡ
ɫĮֹԪĪǰ
㣬㲻ú
ĪĿ
ĪҾôˣ죬Īޡ
첻мԪ¡
ҪãͲսˡ
۵һĪͷ­ն¡


122 ׽
ĪһƬ˶סˣֱ㶵Īڣ˵ĺ
һ̣ƺˡ
Īҡˡ
૵
Īڣһ߾ʬ˵ĵڵ棬ѪˮȾһر¥̮ͤ˴󲿷֣ⳡʵЩпᡣ
һǿ壬һʮһɨ
ˣǷˡ
˱ֻͣо۶Ťˡ
ɨһĪԪʯУӣĪƷ齣ָϵһöʯһ룬תĪȥ߳Īʱ󲿷ˣ·ܶħһ㡣
ܹһ̫ˣ
ôᣬзִ硣
Ц
ޣʲôʱзִˣ

ʱ࣬ʯʷΧеʺ
СֵܣϷ۽硣
ʷЦ
һɨһ壬ʵЩˣʷȴܼĽʷԿ϶Ǿǿ֮ͬΪʦоһޡ
ЦЦˡ
ɻֱۣҼҵܵܣǲһ


ЦĵСԴǣϷſ
һ죬˭Դˣ
ء
Ц
㡭
ҧгݣߵĶ
ЩգⳡЩ֪ô졣
ʷɿȣС㣡
ʯЦЦû¾ͺãʵЩ嶯
鷳λǰˡ

Щ˸֪ǳڶĵǣܸм
û¾ͺá
ڰ֡
Ⱥܼ뿪ĪңԸⱻΧۡ
ΨжкʿĪҲо֣ôʬ壬ܵô¡
ִ֪ƿнȥɱǳ˵ˣ

³ã
һЩʿ
ĪΧ߻ûô٣˶ĪڿЩɫ׵ĲУȴǵɴ˫ۡ
ǵĸ֣ƺˡ
૵
ǰǳĪңҺؼңڣֻʣһؼˡ
һЩ˼ܵѾµĪһǻСϾĪҶնΪȴȥּҲҵؼҵ鷳Ȼҵĸؼֻߣҵˣ죡

뿪ĪҺڷһսǴ˷ֱһž丮߳
аձȥ׵Ժӣ׼ʲôʱ
ʵ
룺ɡ
ม
ͷ
ô𣿡
ûʲô
ŹֵɨһȴҲûм׷ʡ
丮һ˷ֿ쾶ֱصס
ʱҹ仹磬ϴһڣĪʯȡ˳
Щʲô
һ峤ʯ䣬ӦûЩöɡ
ԪУ췢öʯĿռ侹ʮңڴŵʯ屶ʹǰһԼֵŰˡ뵽ֲɵð壬ʱ
ƽöʯ䣬װеĶһһһʯһĴǮ𿨣һЩõĵҩȻЩҩͨûжļֵȻȴǮ𿨺ҩ⣬ʯлһЩӰ˵Ķ
˶٣ĿͻȻһƴСıϣ鱡ӦĳֹŶණǲעȴǱϵһС֡ǳں棬ǾùŹֽ̧֣ȡӡ
ģɫһ䡣
ǣ
ӡڱϵǳСһǿҲΪһǿᣬܽЩ忴Щ壬һ·ȥ첻ɵ¶ϲ֮ɫƺǲ׽Ĳף
һ鱡壬ֽʽ֮¼һк¼Լϵǰɲ׽໥գ־ȻȫӦϣǡ丮׽ĶѴϡ
ǣ
켤
һ췢֣ϵĲ׽ɡ
ôƿɵĲ׽
£ʵһϲ
벻ĪȻⶫ
ͻȻЩмĪɵĲ׽ɱҺöʯмֵ
ٴһƽԼϵʯȡ£õĶȫתĪҵʯ𶥸ڵĶĪҵʯ䣬ʮĿռ䣬ֻռʯԸʵԡ
֮¶ֱӽļ
ﬣ
Х𣬰֮
գۼ䣬һͷļޱնɱڲ׽֮¡
Ȼ
ս˹Ԫ
ԱϿ¼µȷȷʵʵǲ׽ĺɣֻһСоԼս˲٣ʩչ׽ǿ


ļԪµõɲ׽ÿһնŴ̶֮·ڼš
ĪΪʲôв׽ĺɣ첻֪²⣬Īղصǿ鱡ǿӡϵĲ׽ϾЩ̫СˣһӲܿ壬ĪԿ塣һi˵ĪܿЩ壬ȴҲ޷Ͼû׽ǰɺܸ٣һ˺ѿЩصǺ似
ϣƣгס
ļмڸĥ¼һĻ󣬶ɵ𾪡
ǣǸ죡
ǿĽ⣬ѹֻܹĪҡ
°
⼸
ҲǸոս벻ãٵĪѾȥʱǣ⼸ڽǰ֪¡
ע⵽˼ˣȴû⣬ļĻ׽Ķ뵽˽֮Сʱ˿̣ÿһӳ·дնһеÿһʽԿµ似
ʱĺܿ죬ֱϦҪʱƣͣ
ɵĲ׽Ѿǰĳϡ

˶٣Ԫ丮ȥ
һ죬ܿȥˡ
գ𴲣ϴϦ
СϦº
Ϧ
˺һᣬŽԼҪȥʳǣ׼Ϧи˵
ԤϣϦǺܹɵĵͷûһִ
Ǹˣǲ
첻Ҳ£ǴϦ߳丮Ϧȥ棬ʹϦȥԭһ𣬿ƺæʲô£ҲˣֻԼϦȥ
ڼ䣬Ϧݷʷ͸ˣЩˣŵù뿪ǺϣЩܹϦȻʯ϶Ҳȥݷã˶д㲻ΪϦҲҪȥ
ܿ죬չȥ
һգʰһж׼ǰʳˡ
ſڣ࣬ʯʷϤ˶͡
ȻϦȻҲڡ
졣һǣһͷ۱СܹͷУʳǺԶȥ


ڶ ʳǷ


123 ʳ
ǰ۱ԣЩ⣬һͷ۷ޣ׳Щˡ˶٣ָжѹѰ棬ѾͷȻȥѱһͷ۱͸
ͷⱦͽģƱĳ˸ˡ
ʯȡЦ
ҡҡͷЦЦ
һ壬ߵĵʯ
棬лл棬ʵ˵Ƿ̫ˡЩ˼˶٣гһöʯ䣬Ǵױ򵽵ö͸㣬ͦģ滹Щ
һ⣬Щ˰ɣ
ʯȻ֪ʲôһöʯ䣬ټֵϰҡ
ҵĺñ㲻ʲô
ҡͷ
УȻ֪ʯȶϲĽ˹
ͼǵĺãǽ𣿡
ߵ
캹գӦòȱⶫŶԣҲòʲôöԺʲôԸһȫΪȷʵһ㣬ȻС
ǰһ˵Ŷɲڣ
ڣ

죬޸ɡ
ʱգֶ²
ˣء
͵Ц
ΣһһϦϦǰ£ǳͣСϦ粻ʱһҪսĻгɺһϦг谮ЩΡ
죬ɵõͷǸֳ
ţСϦһĻСϦʱһҪչ˺Լ
Ϧɵ
ͻȻһᣬĸо
Ϧ뻳УȥʮɿϦվ
þͰˡ
棬
ģͷǣϦС֣һСϦһ谮
СŮھ丮ڣ㲻õġ

죬Ʒʣʯ⣬ͬĳߣڰˡ
лǰ
쳯ʯ󣬶ʷһһͷ
۱ԣһϦ͵һıԺ󱳣˲ϢԶȥ
̳۷޵۱ٶ죬Զһ㱦ɱȣܿʧ˵ҰС
ԶȥͻȻоЩ䡣ЩŹֵĵͷȥֻһֱܹɺƽϦ뿪ķᣬһεֱϡ
һ㶣漴ʶʲôӣĽϦ뻳
棬Ϧվûס۵Ĵ
磬أ磬硣
Ϧޡ
ԴӸĸʧٺһֱΪûзֿͻȻֻʣԼһˣСŮ᲻ġ
СϦޣнء
氲ο
ĴϦļһпʳǣΪ˱֤Ϧľ԰ȫʹڷǣϦΪ˲ֳΪѣΪֳܰʳУһֱװźܹɺ˳ӣֱֳ뿪ſ޳
ֻããĸ顣

ǵʳǣ벻̣һĳѪٵҹܵ۱ȴǲһôҲ۷ޣʱԡ
뿪ǰ׼ණʯʮ׻ϴ·ңĪҵŽ𿨣򣬲Ҫʲôʲôģǲģʯڻöٹȵһһö֧ϵʳǡ
һۣչȥ
ԤĲպǰһ޴ĳǳأǽʣɭϣһߴ
ǻʳǣȻͬһ㣡
찵
ʳУֵƷĿܲ
עȺеǿߺǲ٣غص߾ǺܶࡣһҪ֪ڷѾ丮ڸˣʳǿȴв١
Ǳ׹ķƻ֮ء
̾
úһ¥¥ڻʳֻһ㣬ȴǱȷݻľ¥ҪʮĶЩŹ֮
¥һСӭ
͹٣ǳԷסꣿ
С˿
סꡣʱɫ֮뱱׵Ժӻ죬ȻҸط۱ԵͷݸСˣ⣬ҵıǣԺúһЩι𣿡
۱ԣС˶ʱһ۷ޣȻѱ˵
õģġ͹٣ãʳ˲ˣʣһ䷿ȥ𴦣Ѱ
۱ԺС˸ԵЩܹһͷ۷޵С˿ȻعҲ죬ɲһ¥Сܹź˲;
С˻򣬷ԸСǣ۱Ժȥ
͹٣סټıһۺϰʮҡ
С˵
Բ죬ʮҷڷǣһ¥סһ¶⣬ʳǣ¥ȴֻһգίʵЩˡʮң쵹Ҳ⣬ȡҵݸСˣס죬⣬ٸ׼ЩƲˣЩӦù˰ɣ
˹ˣ㹻ˣ
С
˵ţС˾׼ȥͷ
ʱ¥߽ˣΪ׵һϮ£ȥʮӣԵЩưԱҲǸˣȥʮ꣬ȴļʼһ߽¥ȵˣ׼õϷ
С׼¥˽ʱӭȥ˼λ͹٣Сһͷոձλ˶ˣʵڱǸλҪԵʲôƲˣСĿкȥܿϲˡ
ԣʱҼүҪס꣬ûУһߵ죬ߵûɣѷǮ˸ǳҡ
⡭
СһΪѡ
ǮȻСĶɱϾѾķǮ˻ٸߣǣǰ˵װȻһˣҲܵʱ䣬С˲֪ôˣ֧֧ᣬһᡣ
һߣ¶֮ɫ㡣
ΪԺĵϣүԵȡ˵ţСһۣӻȡһǮӶűߣңϽ˹ǵҼүϢСԴ
쵭ĮɨһۣĿСϣģ·
ʳǣʱ¡
СŲŲŲɹʱֹס˽š¥Сһ֪ӣԼǵ
һƫͷ죺Сӣʶô
˵ţֿϣ׼һЩѵ
ƫͷɫʱһ䡣
̧ס֣Լͷƿ
Сӣ㡭
ɫԼǰյһʹѲ

̧һţݺ
һҽУֱӴӾ¥˳ȥ


124 ߳ȥ
һΣ֮ƽϣȴǵôߣộ
ƫͷСˣ쵭·
Сˣ˵ͷһͲСſɱʶˣôһ֣鷳
Ȼʱһ
ɫЩܿǰ򹷻ÿˣû˵ӣҲҶ֡
¥ע⵽ߣһֱţ˿̣䡱֣˶ɫһ䡣
䣿ѵٴǸļҵˣ
˵ۡ
ٴǿĻʳһǳأǱ׹ڶǳغݣٴиǿļңǿȻʳҲв֪
ƺļҳ˸ү츳òƾͽ䡣
⡭ǰ˰ɣ
Ǹ䣿˵Ѿﵽ˰
꣬˶ɫ
Щٿ治ɫĶ죬С˵ɫʱˢףҲ֪ǰضٴļҵү䡣뵽С˶ˣô̯ôˡ
СЦ첽ǰСͺλ͹֤һĽ֡˵ţС죬֮ǰƹȥ͹٣ķǮȻٵӣٺٵǸ¾ôˣɺã
ɫһҷǮǸ
¥˵ĻȻˣȴô⣬ļүΣͷѾ£ƾʲôóȥڵǸǸЦ
ļү
С˼
ô

㡭
СЩô㲻֪ôļүкùӳ
¥һЩҲҡͷָָ㡣
ˣʵǸͷࡣ
ѪǺ£ЩʱҲöý˲ǡ
ɲǣļҵˣԾĹ𡣡
ǴһЩС˰ɣûмʲô档
⵹пܣž֪ˡ
˽ͷӶ
С죬˵ЩʲôʱԱȴͻȻеɢŵС͵һ¡
䶢죬Įǰ״ңʳǺҪ֣ʵ̫ˣǲѵѵ㣬ļδ棡
ԣأЦ
Ѿ˷䣬˷ǮȴҪǿᣬϵôģ̣Ľôƽռ䲻ֵΣаŮɱˣΪһ
¥Ļ˶ǵһ
꣬ʵǡ
̫֪νˣʱ򾹻Ҷײ𣡡
֪Ѿֲ˰ɣƹˤܱЩνĹ
ҡͷ
ٴļңм˲֪˶ײļүɲ
ɫøֱֱĶ죺ܺãС󣬸ô˵ˣ㻹ǵһ
˵ţֱӶ֣һƳ
һǶճȥȻһ
һһֱ̧ס
һ֣
ɫ䡣
ԲжΪ˶˳㣿Լǻʵ𣡡
첻мճȥ
һƣٶȼ죬ȵϡ
ֻžһʱɿ֣ʱ䣬һɣײھ¥һϣһƺߡ
⡭
ļүȻ
ҵ졣
һĻ˶¶ɫ
С˸ɫһףɫֱ䣬˾ôǿ
䶢죬ɫޱȵѿ
Ҵң
䣬һޱǿϢɢֱڳ˸Ȼ
һҺأȻ
ҵĲɢ죬ŭ
ϢίʵЩ£ľ¥ڵĲ˽ļ£˳˲Զ
С˺󣬼Ŀˣھ¥֪𻵶ΣһҲøңһƹվ͵
Сֻʹ಻ѣԼʲô̯¡
񱩲סɢ¥ֱֱĶ룬ɫԵЩ˷ܡϾֿ˶Ǻϲġ
֣£
죬亮
ֻҪ𡣡
䵭
һǚi˲Զһ۱ǰוּһԪͻأУȵļ䲱ϡ
㡭
ɫ䣬ϵǿϢʱ糱ˮȥ
ͬʱ¥ҲǱɫ
⡭
ÿٶȣУǱʲôʱȡģ
꣬Ի
Χľ
һЩղŻ첻֪˵ˣ˿̶ʱޱ
Ӿ¥߳ȥ˰쾢վ߽¥ţԼүһݺݽѵһ٣ʱҲҪһɵ߽¥ʱǰһĻʱɫ
١үǰֱӴסˣԼҵүȻ佣˲ϡ˶٣͵ķӦȻ𺳣ȴվǵԼݣҼүٴļҼӣ㾹ýָҼү𣡻ѽƿ
䵭
һӣһɨһϡ

ҽһһδӾ¥˳ȥ
һĻ˿Һֻãǰǿƣ
Ŀϣ뿪
ɫ࣬ݵĶ졣
㲻ٶȿЩѣһս㲻ҵĶ֣
ҧ
Ҫô˵ǲǿΪ㲻иüѣΡ첻мĵ⣬Ϊʲô˲صҶɱʲô
ɫ΢䣬ŭ־
һΣ

䶢죬ðҧߣŰ裬ȴϲΣý˲ϣȻõѡ
Ͷˡ
ͷ̧֣סܺһŤ
ֻһͷѵʱ
ʹ۵նŤ
˵ҪֵĻڣԹˡ
쵭Į˵ţ̧һţֱ丹
һͬǰ㣬ֱ߳¥
һĻ˵˿۾ֱˡ
ǿļүţȴǱǰ߳˾¥ʵ̫ˣ
꣬ѵҲźպռ
⡭
пܰҪȻôôǿôôļү
죬ӡ
ûЩ˵һԪ˲ϢʯСֱʱƫͷһߵСˣڿԴ·ˣ


125 ݷϽ
ԼС˶ʱɫһףͷȻȻСʹ·룬룡
˵ţС֮ɫ
ļү߷ɵĺˣԼһ¥ƣǵ
ҲС˼ƽϣС¥
ܿ죬С˴һԿķ䣬İ趼㲻ҪǺܰ
͹٣䷿ˣɻ⣿
Сսսʵ
ԣȥɣЩ

УԵȣϾ
Сæ˳ȥ
ԼӺСٴιˣԶżСˣһþơ
͹á
С˹˳ȥСں÷š
ùˣɫѾװúһԲ¸߸ҹա
ϥͷĴϣ쿪ʼ
һ;ֶ룬ɲи
ˣ
â˸쿪ƣǳС֧£һԾͨѨһ߼ǡ
ܿ죬һҹȥ
峿˫ۣչ˫ۣӴ¡
һҹߣ첢δ룬񷴶Щ
¾¥ȥԺ۱ԣԱĲͷ˻ʺð㣬ľԡ
ǡ
߹ȥԣϲ
վ˻߳¥еʳǽֵϡ
պȥ׵Ժӣ֮ǰȥݷһˣϽ⳯һ˴£ѭһȥԼȥһʱһϵĸۡǰۡϷ֣
ɨһۣ쳯ǰȥ
վס
ǰΪ׵ǿأһǰ¡
ֹסŲϽ鷳ͨ¡
˵ţʯȡ΢΢¡
ؽǿɫһ䣬ɫʱ
Եȡ
һ˵ֱ븮ڡ
ʱһˬʴЦӸڴһɫ˳
ǵ۹󽫾Զɽ
ˣʱӭȥ
Ͻá
΢΢һ
Զɽ죬Ƭ̺ЦĸǸˣϾ֮ɫúúã㿡ʣǱܲ죬Сֵ룬ϷһֱŽգ
δۣȴǳֽԶɽȻ֪˭
鷳Ͻˡ

˵ţżԶɽһ𣬳Žȥ
вˣһĻɵô󾪡
죬˭ϽԳӭӣ
⡭
ǻʳǼˣҲٰɣ
˵ɴ˫ۡ

żԶɽһ𣬺ܿ
ܴ󣬲ȴң෴һϢӾЩ
Сֵܣ
Զɽ
˺ܿ㣬ȥ
ͷȡⶫûϽˡ
ҪĿıǹ黹⽫
ԶɽûƴǣӹЦ˵ϷѾմȥ󽫾һְⶫܿûˡ
ȥ󽫾һְΪΣ
춯ݡ
ԶɽЦѴǸý׹ʱˣϷʱС꣬ٹЩʱգΪСѡ÷˵ܱ֮꣬ӡ
Ͻϰ֮ˣ廹ӲʵúܣʲôȫõǣǴȥ󽫾һְǵ۹ĪʧЦô˵أңƻȴ󽫾˵ĸ磬Ͼ˸ҪЩ
ԶɽЦСֵ˼ˣСֵɷ֪
졣
ֱӵ
죬
Զɽͷ
죬Զɽһ⣬Ҫ֪ȻʳǼļ̳ǰʼһɫµӣȴԵú⣬ʧľʵǺѵá
ӭżԶɽȵһΡ
ʱ߽һŮ
үү롣
Ů
ƫͷȥֻŮһϮ£ͤͤտƾ
ŮǼ
ӭĿȥʱһ㣡
Щ⣬ʶ˵ܲŶԣԼȻŮ˫ȴǲδңǽղڼԶɽǰչ¶Զɽ߼궼ûܣǣղŵı飬֪
һʱ䣬Щ
ԶɽҲǹŹֵż꣺С꣬ʶ
ʶ

˵ţ͵͵һ졣ڷǣΪʱһ˲䣬Ȼֻһ˲䣬ȻҰЩģȴǿòȻֻһ֪춼ΪǸʱΪ˱򶨶˫ۣûע⵽ۡ
յ£ͻȻúܿ졣
ԶɽЩɵż꣺ôʶ
ûе£ˡ

Զɽͷָ죬Цλүү֮ǰλȹСֵܣ졣˵ţԶɽ죬ǸǸСֵܣʹǱЩ£ϷܵùȥһˣʱͲˡ
ʱͻȻǰһûµүүд
ţԶɽЩŹֵż꣬СЩְͣƺͷһΰɣ
ɫһ죬ãʧ񡣡
ԶԶԣүүϺͿˣԶɽһĶͷһȻı顣˵ţ죬ЦСֵܣϷŮ꣬㲻ǵһμϷȥʹһСϷĴ䣬㿴ɺã
ԭ뿪ɼҪͣԶɽ㣬ǾܾδԵЩʧֻܵͷ
õġ
˵
ͬ⣬ԶɽЦԵǸˣúúãСֵһϷǺúúһ
䣬ԶɽֺͼԸ˼䣬ŴЦ뿪
תֻۣʣͼꡣ
ǰľŮͻȻЩΣϾԼԷˡ棬꿴죬Ҳɫ΢죬ԵЩ̫Ȼǰ˿ǽȫ˸飬ִ
һʱ䣬˸⣬ԵúܹŹ֡
κվǼȿڣǸ죬Ҵȥ䣬𣿡
ɲ֪˵ʲôżѯʣʱͷããû⡣
ķӦ겻ɵЦ
ôˣ
ûʲô
ЦֻǰԵЩģЩɰ
ǣǳȥɡ

С
ͷ
żһ˲ڽתһȦ߳⡣
һʳǣԻʳǵĸ涼һһΪ
У˲߹ٵطĿࡣ
ϽŮȻһꡭ
˭ûʳǵһ콾ŮУòδ̳Ҳ⡭
ҵ죡
òλӰɣ
ƨݴ̫ӵСһۣˣ
𾪣°Ͳû


126 
ʳǽֵϵ˶סˣ۹һ콾ŮȻһ֪ͬУֱһòӲ˳
ӭ˾ȵ񣬼ȴԵúһҲ⡣
ǻʳǳıģżۡ
ǰǾ۱ʳС
ǿʦᡣ
һһܡ
ƫͷż꣬ݵĽӴŮʼԵЩ⣬֮󰲾ͱúͣͶ䶼һּΪ׵ĸо
㿴ʲô
ע⵽
ҡͷЦûʲô
һЦЦǰߡ
˲ڻʳУɵӰνԵģת֮䣬±㱻ĳЩ˴˸䡣

ʳǣҵľ¥֪ˮڡ
ˮݻİʮŮӱɴ壬ƫƫ衣
úúã
Цص
ӸģƱյֱĶʮŮӡ
ʱһСģ˹룬һŽ廪ĹӸ˵Щʲôʱ깫Ӹɫ䡣
ž
һ죬еľƱֱӱˤڵء
˽ԾʮŮΪԼͻλˣʱŵùһɪɪ
ô٣
ԱһӸʵ
ڹ꣬ǻʳͷүȴԻΪףΪ䣬ΪʳСү
ɫһﲻֱ˳ȥ
ɫŹ֣ߺ֮ǰСѯʡ
Сǲٵ
ʲôǸ꣬Ȼһ֪ͬУܿģ
һ꾪ȡ
ӣȫɴ˫ۡ
ߣȥ
һ˵
˲ʱ䣬ȫ˳ȥ첽ڻ

ʳǽֵϣڼԱߣ֪Ѿ߹˺ü
Щÿ߹һطǱ˵һ㶢š
ôˣ
ʵ
㿴ܣǲǱ˵һΧš
곯ܱ߿һۣ漴Ц
˶٣ƺ뵽ʲôֵоϲ𣿡
΢㶣԰ɣͶˡ
Ǿͺá

˵ʲô
ûʲôȥǰɣǱиСУͦ档

ЩŹֵ˼һۣȴҲû׷ʲô
Сڻʶȴǳطǳټһ㶼ЩλײƽļأССʲôĶۼƷͨȻҲǳıˡ
ͱó಻壡
а
໨⣬ɿڣ
ԵЩӵֽ
żΪʵǣ쵹ǾͦС
Сϣܿ˵ע⡣
С㣬ˣ
ճ¯СʰӣС㣬ҪҪһݣ
ϸˮС㣬ĻЩȥҪǮ
С㣬ߵСǣ
ѵδǸǺǣСͦʵģȥ
Χһ
ܣ˶ż¶ЦݣǺ𾴵ӣŶҲ̬׺͡쿴ĳЩϵǷԷθǳη
תۼ䣬˱Χһһɷ˵ණЩСˮʲôģȴӲûһҪǮĻ
лл
лл
һһлʱŴȺͻΧȥ
Ϲ˶ЩͬʱҲЩ档
㾭
ʵ
ͷﻷܺá
ɨһܣܺãòƲˣʵϣĻһҲãӵӡȻָ֪ʲôӦָʵķΧŶԡ
벻󽫾Ůʳǵһ콾Ůӣһ档
Ц
ƫͷ㿴ȥֵӣǲǾãӦø߸ϣ¥Ŷԣ
룺
궢죬ɵЦôʵɲŮϲ
һ㵹ǲ
Ρ
ӣ

ΣӺףżǰȥ
⼯ײƽۼأôҲǴڻʳУȻСвкóԵģȻкģ̽㣬ױڶʵȡ
Ǹ𣿡
ָǰ
̧ͷȥֻǰиС̯̯ϰŲٲȤСֻҪСǮ̯׻׻СסȡеĶ
캹գǿ֮ˣ᲻Ե̫ˣ
Լƽ˲ͺˡ

òƲ̫ܰɣ
ƺͦȤȻͼȡʮ׻С̯һմСһ׻
Ȼˡ
Բ죬Ϊ˵׻СմСҲЩԶȻˣҲӦղŶԣΪʿҲС
⡭
ЩŹ֡
ʮͨСһξУͨ˵ⶫͦء

찲վһߣżķѵʮ׻ʮղǿմСסԸ˵Ĵ̯нӹױ˻Ρ
㡭
ż꣬ıЩȡ
һֱĿţܹʮ˴׻ʧʮߴΣʮߴΣÿһεʧܿȥȻûп𾪡
ǸʿҴɸղŵһϵжȴĺͨһ޶˵ⲻܲŶԡΪһ֮ˣǿʵʱΪһֱܣͬһˮԼõˣҪװӾװˮ֮״ǻѣٺױ˿ɼĶȴôȻ
ԣ
꽫м׻ݸ졣
ˣҡͷȥףװʧĻһһ׼ż̲꣬סʵղţ㵽ôģ
Լݱһͨˣƺܼѡ
٣첻Լܹһ
֪ףˡ
ҡͷ
ԣ⻰Ҳ̫ˡ
СһЩҲʱʯУ˼ǰߡ
㻹Ⱥöء
գգ۵
˻еʯ䣬εһۣ⻰˵ģһӴſשƵġ
һЦ˳ҿû˼
˲ͬУܿ콫߹˴롣
ʱ󷽵ȺԵЩӵ

һ
ȺǿвΪ׵һŽ廪
Сꡣ
꺰첽ǰ
ͩ⣬漴ʵ𣿡
ȻҲ˻꣬жʱһĨâ˰
ڷ˰ɱԼڣʳټˡ
Ȼʱյµֻǰͼվһ
ͩȴǲ֪պµˣɨһ죬źͨƫͷ꣬ʵС꣬ʲôʲôˣ
ˡ

ˣ
ͩü
ԡ
국Ц


127 Źү
ͩ󣬼궼һЩ졣ܱ۹һ콾Ůˣ˵ʲôͷȥźͨ
ʲôˣƺͰɣ
ͩüͷĸ
ҡͷͬ
ͩЩ̫ˣ˶٣ѣʲôˣ
йأ
췴ʡ
ͩɫһʳУ˸ô˵
ҽͩҵˣʸմ
ͩʵ
궼һͩһ𣬼֪ͩˡ
Сүһɲһ㰡
û鵭Įƫͷ꣺ȥ
һ㶣Цá
˵ţһߣʱ·ȥ
ͩɫһ䣬ˢǰĶ죺㻰
죬ͩɢһɺ⡣
ͩһ˿⣬ǵòǰڷʱֻͩѣΪȴѾﵽڶأٶδЩˣʵǺܲȴǲ֪ͬĴ壬ڵ鵤ҩʤҪѸǿ߳ǲѡ
ͩ˵ˣҵĿˣſЩ
Щˡ
ԲС꣬ԺǸͩ죬Ӻ䣺һΣմǿԣǽѣϾСĿˡ
أûȤΪѡ
쵭
Щ죬֮ǰǺƽ͵ģô˿ȴôŹ֡
󣬼뵹һͩǻʳ֮һҵСүľˣʳУм˸Ҳӣڣôһȥͦͨ꣬Ȼͩ˵
ͩ˵ɫѿ˫۱ޱǣҺȤΪѡ˵ţǰһı죬⣬ʳУû˸Υңÿ˵
üͩ⻰ǳвˡ
ͩҪڣǣȴһ
û˸Υ㣿ôͦãΪˡ
쵭
ͩ󣬼ֱӵɴ˫ۡ
ʲô˰Ȼô񣿣
ɨһͩżߡ
һŹֵĸԱߣԭˣڿȥȴǱ˰㡣
վס
ͩɫһٴǰ
죬ͩһɢЩɱ⡣
ʱһ䣺ڣҪߣٵԣ
䣬ƿֱͩǰȥ
ͩһٴκǰ
ʳûͩ
ͩڣϧ˵꣬һֻѾƮ˹
žһֱͩӱԶ
ù·仰û𣡡
ջ֣Į
ɴ˫ֻۣо亹һεεð굽ðĺ˰Ȼ֮һСүҳ飬֪ôд
֮Ҳ𾪲ѣ𺳵졣Щƽ񣬵ȴǺ֪ͩݣȻҳү
󵨣

귴Ӧʱȡ
ͩһݱͩ˺ܶ࣬ͷǼ˵䣬ͩ˳ɣȻվ̬ȻΪǺͼվһ𣬼Ҳǲֻ̫֣ܺǳһǰ֡
ƫͷɨˡ
ӭӣ˶һɵúһ
ڶǿߣңմȾѪһС壬ɢǵȱϢǼСүԵֵ
죬˵ɫ΢΢Щѿ
ʱһǿԪдűɱ⣬š
ͩվϴ޸ָͬһ㣬Ķ죺Ҵң˭ն뿪Ҫ֮أ
һ䣬ͩȰ죬ٶȿ켫
룬˲Ϣ
ҵ׷i
궯ݣҪȻԱߣȴֱ̧סͩ
һĻʱɫ
Ƕݡ
ôܣ
ǻʳ֮һѧؼУ׷i䷨׷һų˿ɵΪ似һַǳ˵ʩչ׷iһӰδ㱻ɱˡ
˿̣ͩʩչ׷iȴô򵥱㱻Ƶˣܲļ¡
죬ͩԼ𺳡

һ촫ֻͩһʹֹǱŤˡ
㣡
죬ͩ
һ̧һţݺͩ
һͩٴε˳ȥ
һţûô飬ֱʹͩ亹ֱ춼ûվ
߰ɡ
ƫͷż
รá
ͷ
Ϊ󽫾ŮȻֻͩЩŹֵĴ죬֮ǰ˶ƽ͵ģôͻȻôǿ
ңǿ
ʲô
ʵ
û
ҡͷ
ЦЦҲû˵ʲôżһżȥ

ͩᵹڵϣǱһѪ
٣
ʧɫæܹȥͩ
ͩɫޱԶȥķĿͬһ㡣
٣ô
һСʵ
ֱͩ壬һƿ
Ҳ飬һڲϢʲôˣҶҪ
ͩ
ǣ٣
һæ
ͩɫͫɱ⡣
вˣͩɫ˶˵ĺԶ´ùͷ
ʱͼѾ߳˼С
Ҫȥط𣿡
ʵ
ˣɫȻȥһ¥ﶩ˷䡣

һ㶣Ҫȥ
ǰôˣ
档
ԣүү˵ˣҪ죬еǿͷڽҹˣүүҵҴͲܡ
캹գϽ㻹
֮ߣ

죺
ŮôֱЩֵֹˣ
գֲľǿֻܸż꣬ٴλص
ʱ֣Զɽϻأ·жһɽ㣬ɫࡣ
СֵܣСдĿɻܵ
ԶɽЦ
ܺá
ͷ
ԶɽԵøˣۼ꣬ϷһľôŮ
ҹżԶɽ˲٣һֱ賿ʱ֡

ͬһʱ䣬ңͩķһűϡ
죬ʮ꣬ԭǷǾ丮ӣ󽫾Ůƿع˴νʳǣ뱱׵ԺСɨݣͩɫʱޱ岻ʱǸ֣
˶٣ͩЦ뱱׵ԺУ٣˼һʱǱ׵ԺʽµӵӣپΪ׼ϲˣ


128 ʳǿʦ
峿ʱ֣Ժӭųɡ
ֺ֨ѽһԶɽһߵķ߳ȻôԶɽлһâ
Сֵܣ硣
ԶɽЦ
ҲǲŸ
ԶɽЦЦߵһߣʼ壬ϾԶɽҲߡ
ʱһ߳үү׼ˡ
ԶɽͷЦСֵܣߣСµĳǳ
ԣ
Щ죬Źֵꡣ
ԲȱʹӣȻ³ô˵ñ硣
ͺܼ򵥣ŨС࣬ζȴر
Σ
Զɽʵ

ʵ
ԪɽЦǸˣǾͶԵ㣬˵ܳԵСĶؼ䣬Ϸ⣬ֻСֵˡ
΢㶣⻹ѵá
ͺܿԶɽǣ׼뿪
Ҫȥɡ
ͻȻ
һ㶣ԶɽҲһ꣺С꣬Щְƽʱɲӣƺܡ顣ʵ˵Զɽ⻰˵ίЩƽɴӲ˭ô
ɫһ죬ΪǾˡ
ҲԡԶɽҲû̫ɻ󣺡ǾȥͰɡ
˵Ͻǲǡ
һŮؾ¥ƺЩ̫ʡ
޷ûʲôˡԶɽȻ֪ʲôЦСֵܻǵõշֱʱϷ˵ĻڿȥƺĺԵ֡˵ţԶɽ꣬ȥСꡣ
ЦһۣԶɽźԺȥ
ЩΣӲǲ֪˵ʲôϽЩʲô
죬𣿡
ʵ
û⣿
ʵ
ʵ˵ͼһʵܲϰߣǼҪؾ¥ȥڵסǾЩŹ֡ϾѾ˳ҪֱӾܾδЩ˼Ůӵ档
ʲô⣿û⡣

Σǣаɡ
߳·ž¥ȥ
ǺؽǿһĻԲɵõۡ
⡭
СȻ춼꣬òǡ
˶ȡ
ʹ඼ˣ˵ǿżɳɻûмԼСô˭ҵһλ϶
ͼڻʳУúסľ¥⡣
Ҫȥ
פ㡣
š
ͷ
ЩΣֻܴżߡ
¥ǡɾ¥С߹ʱһ͹ˣڣСĻΪ˵ţСͻȻԱߵļ꣬һޣʱɫ䣺͡С㣡
С˲ûڵϡ
۹󽫾Ůʳǵһ콾мܲʶ
һʱ䣬Сˣ¥Ҳ˶
ͷ֪
أ
ȥ㷿䡣
ƺһҲܻ䡣
죺
ֻãŮʵЩŹ֣ǲ̫Щ
аɡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻ˳¥¥ȥ
ԵúһҲûоò˼ĸ
ֱԶ¥ŷһ̾
˭Ȼλһ𣿡
˺Ȼ
С˸ǲסĲ亹ѹ֣ѹֻ᲻ļүУȻλС㡭
żԼķ䣬󿴿ҿ
ô
ʵ
ʲô
Щ֡
䰡㲻˵𡣡
һ㶣Сֹӣ
ʱһ˻ƺ¥Ժ۱Գ߽¡
ƿȥɵЦЦ
˳Ŀȥģ
һ͵ģһͦԡ
Ц
ѣ˶٣еģŮģ
Ůġ

Ѿͷ첻ɵһЦ뿪ǼգЩˣϦ֪ںòá뵽Ϧɵñ÷ǳ
飬ͻȻɫ΢ףŮ㡭ϲŮˣ
ûе£ֻǸܺúܺõѣࡣ

ղšôᡣ
á
ãһ㶣ã
аôˣ
ûҡͷ˿ʱȥòã
á
ͷܾЩ֡
ھ¥ҲͰʱӣ뿪
ȻȻͣȻ󣬱һ·͵˽ǰ
鷳ˡ
Щ˼
Ӧõġ

һΣûн뽫ڽֱ뿪
վڽǰ뿪ıӰֱʧҰС
Щɵɵġ
ת߽

˿Ѿ߳Զһ룬ӽؾ¥ٴӾ¥ͼؽ˶ö
ҡҡͷĿͻȻԶһΪͻĸ¥ϡ
ʳǿʦᡣ
˶٣Ǳȥ
ܿ죬ʦǰ
ʦⲢûأױС
ãʲôܰﵽ𣿡
һŮӭϴְҵ΢Ц
ͷпʦĵȼ֤
ڷʱ֤ʦѾﵽˮ׼ϧǵĿʦֻܰ䷢׿ʦĵȼ£ϣֻлʳǲž߱䷢ʸ񡣴ʱþʦᣬ˽
ʦ֤Ůһȷ
Ҳ޹Ů㾪ȣϾʵ̫ˡ
ȷ鷳ͨ¡

ȱ飬һʼԤС
ŮȻôţȴδܾҪ΢΢ãԵȡ
˵ţŮ̱߽Ժ
ʳǵĿʦᣬĿʦȷǵĿʦٴʮװҲԵ÷ǳɣΨһͬľǣʳǵĿʦҲ񷢲ĵط˶ۼ¡
ʱԺͬʱ߳
˿ȥʮңɫȴǷǳмһˣһӴѹȸС
ϣϣС᳤ˣ
죬λôͬʱˣ
ѵʲô£
˵ۡ
𾪵Уֻ߿첽ǰ
꣬ǴӷǶ
мʵ
Ϊط磬ʳǿʦĸ᳤
ǣô֪
΢ɡ
Ȼطߵ߶һۣЦ֮ǰǵĿʦѾϢҪʳǵϢǰ˹ţϼһһиʮҵ֤ʦȼͲµ㡣
ǿʦὫҪʳǵϢʳǿʦʱᶼһһֱڵȴ쵽Ҫ֪ʮ߱׵Ŀˮ׼ֱδĿʦŮһʮҵпʦȼ֤ʶΪǷǵλˣǼĺܣԳӭӡ
ԭ
Ȼ
Ȼ˶ЦЦ
Сֵܣ
ط˵
á

£һ𣬳ŹԺȥ


129 Ժ
˽빫ԺУԹۿˣط羹Ȼһλˮ׼ĿʦĽ׿ʦЩȣǻʳǵĿʦᣬȻôǿĿʦ
ҲֻԾ±ָʵ˵ʦһ׵׵ĲȻ󣬵ȴǲ࣬ʦķˮ룬ײΡһ˵ǣﵽףʦʥá
СֵܣɷչʾĿ֮
ط
ѾӷǵõһЩϢɱϾۼΪʵ
Ȼ
ûоܾ
ʳǿʦĲϺȫ룬̻ơƿصܹ֣ƣƺͼƣƣҪ󣬼ҪصµӣΨмƱȽϼ򵥡
ѡϣ쵱˵棬īָ붯һ£ɿԾʼϡԼһӺһɡ
⡭
ǿᣬַֿǴ˵е
𼶿ţ
˶ǰһʮ죬ȷʵ߱׿ˮ׼
ΪҪǣƣ˴δ˿̶죬ȫ¶ɫڼܱߣ˶оһصĲƺŤռ㡣
طһκŵСֵܣǣ
ƣɶݷһСռ䡣

ԣһ
ݷһСռ䣬Ǻεȸ
ط˶٣Сֵܣƣ֮ɷڹ᣿ضһļ۸񡣡
֮ǼƣЩ򵥣ֵ
ҡͷǸǰʦû˼ҵӲܽκ⴫ȻѾڷǱλʦһֱȥϾǿʦʦң׫һǿʦʱҲһЩãٲʲô¾Ͷˡ
˶һۣȻҲ֪ܣɵö¶ʧ֮ɫ
ðһ£ʦմǣ
طʵ
ǸǰʦţҲҪҴﵽʶ֪ʦҲʦ¹Ϳʱ˵ĻﵽʶʦŻٴԽ̵͸Ŀ֮

£ѾΣӦȻ˳
ԣϺͽ϶һطҲԲ졣
ʦǲ򵥣
ط
һ̣ط˺˵ķӦԼ뷨һģȵʶŻ̵УǺεǿˣҲӦվǿߣǿߣҪٵ׹ʲô⣬ңǻͬʱһλǿĿʦ
죬˵Ŀⶼɵ
СֵܿԸһʳǿʦĿ䣿ط綢죬ʦˣ˵Ҫ뱱׵ԺУӦֻǼһҪմﵽʶ磬λС
˶٣طŵʵ˵ʳǵ࣬׵Ժǳ˹ĶǣֻҪԸΪǹĿ䣬ԸȨͱӻڻʳǿߵĸ˳һЩ㿴Σ
ʦһӴص֯ڵ۹ҪԽ۹һЩǿĿʦǷǳ˵ģʴˣط㹻ĵ˵Ȼ
һ⵹ֵÿǡ
Ϊ䣬ҪЩʲô
ʵ
ûѵͣһ㡣
Ҫʲôر£Сֵܲýƽ蹫ᣬƽֻҪÿ¿ӡƾύУȻͬʱҲʵı꣬ͨһЩϣǿѡ
ط
룬ֻǿӡƾᣬʲô⣬ÿ¾ӡʮƣҲǺܼ򵥵һ¡
΢˼Ƭ̣ͷԡ
ط˶һϲȻˮ׼ʤᣬڽʮѡʮȡ˳ɾͣٹ꣬ﵽˮ׼ǴﵽףҲǲܣ£һλ䣬νǳش
úúãСֵĿʦȼ¡طó׿ʦµݸ죬˵ţ뻳ȡһƽǱ׹ҵΪκκһΡ׵ԺǱ׹ڻʳǵ丮УһЩá
ط۹һΣżȻõط缺ȴνû˿ãҪ֪ط׿ʦǻʳǿʦĸ᳤ݼ䳬Ȼ׹Ȩط
Ҳ˹лǰ
ԺСֵʲôҪֻҪǹһΧڿ£ԾȫСֵܡ
ط
ͷٴεл
ͬƬ̣ǣԽ͵ǰ
Сֵܣ
ط֡
һ
ص
תĲӰ㲻úʧС
ӻʳǿʦ뿪ʱɫѾӽ˻ƻ衣
ܿ죬ص¥ס
ȥԺ۱ԣһɫҲû⣬þ¥С׼Щ͵䣬϶¥ԼֺСˣùˣҲֱڴϣ׼úϢһ
ϾձȥԺӣ˵ڽ뱱׵Ժǰһ󿼣ͨ󿼲ĵԺӣԣڴ֮ǰñ֤۷ľſɡǧʳǣʧܶ飬ӿɾʹˡ
ڴϣܿ˯˹ȥ
һۣһҹȥ
峿ĺ磬ʰ£㳯ű׵Ժȥ۱ԣʱ˾¥׼ʽͨԺˣｫԺ
ڱ׵ԺλãѾ֪ܿ׵Ժǰ
ȥ׵ԺͥߴľˣһɻֺϢ·һͷŵľ޴ޣʱԺǰɽ˺˶ΧܡȻЩ˴ֵģϾǱ׵ԺһһȵգɲƽӵԺʦ֪ԼҲˡ
ˣš

׹ٳǳأµ丮ССҲԹж١Ȼ׵ԺյӵΪֻ̣Ҫţÿǳѡһˣʴˣÿܹ뵽׵Ժʿࡣ
ȡԺƣƵݸ¼ĵԺʦ
¼ĵʦɨһۣͷȥǱվá
˵ţµݸ졣
ջƣͷǵʦָλȥʱǸѾվ˰꣬඼ʮӣ񶼺ܳ棬ȥǲ֮
ܿ죬ĵǼǣȫϡ
ʱһ߳ǰһӺ󿼺˿ʼݺܼ򵥣̤ħ룬ħǧ֮ĿռϣңÿҪɱһͷļ۷ޣˣͨˡ

ԣ˽ԱɫҪ֪ħȺӣΣյĽǧɺΣϵǴȻ£һҪնɱһͷǿߵļ۷ޣѶȿνǴľˡ
˶٣һֵסӼ䣬ֹ໥ɱᣬ⿼˹УԺɳλϵһħ룬ලǵһһ˶֣ͬԸ⣬˹УҪҲȻһˣԶʧȥԺʸ񣡡
˵ţ߳
˸ͷɣмǸ꣬ǿľˡ
ǣ壡δļ̳ˣ
˾
꣬˶¶η֮ɫ


130 ħ
壿̧ͷȥֻɫĮͬһϵ쵶
ҵˡ
а
ʱ˵ĿⶼϣߵĸϵӶʱԵʧɫ١
˧
Ҫܼ޸ͺˣ
ԺǰΧڶ࣬һЩС㷸״˫۷ŹĶ塣
Աߣ˱ģɵ˼Ҳδļ̳ˣǻʳǷưߵǿߣֵõȾָ
Ҳ΢
ʳǷưߡ
е
ʳѾգʳǷư£Ȼ˵ֻ¼ʳǰʮǿߣϰǿߵֻʮ굽ʮ֮䡣忴ȥҲʮ˵ӣŵưߣʵ֮ǿɼһߡ
ŵŵš
Զδһ߹˲˵ע⡣
ʱ˸ͫԲ
ϽŮ
ʳǵһ콾ŮưλȻҲˣ
Ư
˵λ콾Ůôܵˣ
ҲԺ
ܣԺÿ궼ôһĻɴλֹ
˫۷Ź⣬ֱż꣬ͬʱҲв˾֣ΪλʳǵһŮڱ׵Ժƽռٳţ¶ôģôվڵԺſˣô󲿷˶ùŹ֡
ò˵һ֣ʱѹķͷʱ˵Ŀⶼ˼ǱߣһЩʳ¶⡣
̽ӣĿɨӣƺѰʲôܿ죬㿴ٶе죬漴һЦ˻֡
˲ЩΡ
죬ʳǵһ콾Ůƺڶ˭֣
˭Ȼ٣
òȺеһˣ˭
˵
ԱߣɨԶļ꣬Ŀ䣬졣
ʱоһѹԵĿ⣬̧ͷȥֻĮüͷ
ʱٴοڣˣУǰħ룡
˵붯ܿվУϵӵĴ£ħȥ
ȺУͷķ
ԵЩˣֶ˻֡
ʱ֪ˣΪ
࣬Щ֡
칾棬Լȹ꣬ɶԷӦһŶԡ
֪ԶɽȻԼ˵Գ£ʱȴԼĿһСΪʳǵһ콾ĿɱȴǸܴͳŮԺбѾӡϵʱŲ԰ݡ
ȺУһע⵽һĻͩ

ͩҧгݣĶ졣
һ֪ǿ˲ͩĿ⡣ƫͷȥĮɨͩ漴²ͷȥ
ֱ֣ͩһŭܾǿ
С֣ţ
ͩпһĨɱ⡣
һڻʳǽֵϣƽȴһн졣ֵϣ˷׷Ϊ·ж˸žâΪ˶Ǳ׹ľţ
һ𣬿һֵܿ߳˻ʳǴš
׵۹󿼺ˣ
Щһȥ񶼺ǿ
ϻ۹ٳǳأ޾˿ڣѡôٶˣɶһǧľţ
ܴ
ˣܲǰУ
ʱٴκȵ
ʱѾ߳ʳǣһʱ뱼Щ˸ǿߣһֱĴҡƿν侪ˡ
Լȥһʱǰһԭʼɭָ֡
ǰĿǴľ񱩵
ȺڰɭִҲȺڰɭΣա

һħԵԭʼֵĲ򵥡
ʱ˶ͣ
˫Ŀ񣬺ȵ׼ֺħ뿪ʼˣһ֮ڱħǧɣһڲﵽ׼ߣΪϸİ˳ǧ֮⣬Ϊϸ񣡰ڣ˶֣ͬΪϸ𣡡
ף
һͬʱӦȡ
ܺã
ĵͷ
վԭأ˶ڶǰ֣ноâ˸һ
ˣӺܿȥ
ˣ֣
˺ȵ
ɲǼ䣬Զ˲д󲿷˳ħ롣
Щ˶ţǾӢȻη֡
ȺУҲǺܿħڡʼһħ룬ʱо˸Ӿ˵ĻϢżΪŨһѹ֮С
û⣬쳯ħȥ
ǧɾ룬˵̲̣˵ҲУżһЩ޵ʱʱһɹ쫷
ಣ
ʱһ޴Ա߳źɫצץ졣
࿪ùޣһƻӳ
һͷ޺ɣײһϣĵȥ
Ѿﵽڶأնɱ޶ôһͷޣȻ벻ķۡ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
İʱ䣬ССʮ޵ϮȻȫһһУʱ뵽ħǧڵĵط޵ӾˣƵࡣ
ԾһľȥֻǰвڴУԷѰ඼Щļޡ
ಣ
һļ޷˲˹
һͷҺжצӰ㳤һ˫ľˡ
û뵽տƬ⵽ļ޵ϮɱһһͷҺòпҪĻ£治һ׵£ôһ㣬Ҫ뱱׵Ժ治һļѡ
Ȼ룬һͷҺȴǲС
΢΢࿪ӣһ߳
໣
Һҽһ䵽֮⡣
ܣļע⵽ߵ˹Ѫ졣
찵һ뿪
һͷļޣη壬ʮͷҲ㲻ʲôһʮϰͷȻǿҲֻ·ķݡ

ܿڶļ޺쳤˿
ʱͻȻһоʮ⡣
ߣ
һ˳ʮһˡ
ͩ
ۡ
ͩ˫֣Ķ죺ϴڷǣȻҲʵںɵϴһ٣Ȼܵʳǰѵ֪ʳҵĵ̵Ѱ·
ǰ£һǰ£ͩɱ⡣
ͩڶԷ֪ݣ⣬ϾΪʳ֮һҪݣѡĿͩʮһϣЩ˲ο˵Ӧý
ʮһˣꡣ
Σ˵ˣʳҵĵ̣ҵĵϣʲôʲôְ취ʳǻȥͱڣ
ͩ


131 ǿ
ΪʳǴ壬ҵǿӹɣΪο˵ļලˣЩǿ߽Ժõħ룬ȻһΪ򵥵¡£֪ͩݺʳǵĿĺ󣬱㿪ʼ׼ˡ

ͩ
ۣȷЩɱң
ʮһ˲ȴǲС
㹻ˡ
ͩЦ
䣬ͩȻϻһӣʮ˶ʱ
ЩȻǺ֣ٶȼ죬ʻγȥ
ɱҡ
쵭Įһ䣬һΣתۼӭһˣһȭӳ
һΪ׵һһȭŵŵŵĺˣʱ¶ɫ
һϣҪκηĻᣡ
ͩ
ͩԼûжʮһȴǼʮһ⵶ɱ
ʮһˣ˴ڶأ˴أҶҪһͬʿǿϲ٣ȷʵһЩѹѹ㲻ʲô
Ųһ棬ұһˣһȭӳ
򵥵һȭκο֮ơ
Ǻ˴ڶأʱȭӭϣϧȴһȭͷȭͷȵϡ
ۣ
Ѫɣײһľʧȥ˶
ȭһɱ
һĻ˽ԶݣһǿߣȻô׾ͱɱˡ
ͩ¶ɫ죬еɱŨ
˵ǲӦý˼ƫͷͩһǲ˵ûʸڶˣҲȥ
ǿԵúƽ
ţɱ
ͩȵ
ʮԴһʱ䣬âϯķ
ЦһһΣԪ
ﬣ
Х꣬ɲǼ䣬ܼϯϰ˻֮ƺһݺݹһ˵ţһ޵Ѫ
ڶˣ
ֳֹԪͩ£Щ֧Ŷã
ͩɫ
֧ŵɱ㣡
ͩ
ͩĻ£ʣµľٴζɱ졣
ʱ䣬ĵâϯգ֪ն˶ľ
Ծ˵ΧԵôݶ򶨣ֳֹԪȺݺᣬƲɵ
ۣ
ʮ󣬵Ľ¡


罣ޣͬķܣÿһÿһʽԵǿ֮ͬʱֿޱȣ׽
׷iʽ
һ˺ȵ
׷i似ֻмϵӵܲʸֻ֧ȱ׷iˣȱ׷iҲǳǿʳǡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ʱ䣬˵ĶͽȻܡ
ۣѹʱЩ
ͩ죬ռҵ׷iΪҲŸտʼ似ֻƿ˲һɡЩȴǲһȻǲȱ׷iȴҲ׷iɣɵ׷i£ҿεֵ
úÿš
쵭
䣬ͻأһΣܿâͬʱ˲Ϣһǰ
㡭
ɫһ䣬̲סһ
һ˽˹Źء
ն
ƮӰһζһͷ­ʱб˳ȥ
֮
˿̣ٴζ죬ͩɫЩˣղŵٶ̫ˣȻڱܿ˵ɱͬʱնһˣ󳬳Ԥϡ
ôܣ
ͩɫԵЩѿҵ׷iȻܱ˱ܿ
׷iֵϧá
̣ƿǚi£ųһɺɽӣؼ٣׷iܹǚiȡ
Ŀɨܣطʮһˣʣˡ
ɱɱ
ͩȵ
ʣµ˲ҳɣͩǼ֮ӣݷǳߡ
һʩչ׷iһʩչǿ似
ʱ䣬ǿԪɢ˳ӿܡ
ޱ飬Ԫһ𣬽ͽȻһ䣬֮
һ
䵭֮һһ֮նݵûһؿڡ
ˣ

ٴͬٻ
۵һһ˱նһֱۣ漴һֻȭؿڡ
飡
˺ɣӿѪƬһû˶
ˣ

ص˱ᴩĵڵϡ
ʮһˣתۼֻʣˣ˶صǿߣɴ˿̶죬ȴҲɫ΢䣬Щ⡣˿ǰֻʮֱ꣬ͬһ㣬ǵȽ̫ˡ
ʮһͬϣȻһ˶ɱˣ
ͩ
ʣµɫѿȴһ仰Ҳҷ
쵭ĮһЦͻȻƫͷͩյԺĹ֮䲻໥ɱȻȶ֣ǾͲһˡ
䣬Ȱһ˲ͩǰ
㡭
ž
췴һ⣬ʱ䣬ͩǱĵɳȥ
Сү
˺ȵһ𣬿ٳ졣
һȥ

һ𣬲׽һ
䣡
Ѿ׽ƿĳɣһ̺ĳɵĲ׽裬Կе似ˣһ˱ƵѪԺɡ
ƫͷͩһ˹ȥ
ǰڷ˰ɱңǵڶΣĻ˵Ѱ·
Ԫնͩ
ʱһХԸ߿¡
ɫһ䣬ȻˣԶ
̧ͷȥֻһӥħ߿գһϮµĮ졣һ̣ԾӥһԾ£ͩߡ
硣
ͩϲĺ漴졣
ԶĸҲһϲ˽еү
壬վֱ塣
Ժලˣǡ
쳰
ޱ飬гһ𣬱ֱն졣
Ȼɫһʵ̫ˣҲ̫ǿæʩչ׽ӭȴһ㱻ɣһھѪʱ˳
ͩԵվĶ죺˵ˣ˵ţͩ壬磬ŪУҪúĥ
ɫĮǰһ졣
һն¡
콫׽ʩչޣϧȴɵ£һα÷ɡ
ưߵǿߣȻ
壬а
ڵԼԲĶ֣Էǿ̫ࡣ
С֣㲻ǺٽҴһԡ
ͩЦ
վֱ壬ĵɨͩһۣĿϣգֵܣң˭Ҳֵá
գЦ㻹𣡡
̡ͩ
ޱ飬̧֣һն졣
ȻһЦһ̣ı䵭˲ʧ˵ҰС
ǿһնڣԶһľնϣ죬ȴѾ֪ȥ˺δ
ǣ
أ
˽Աɫ嶼ɵöݣ΢΢üͷ


132 
ԼԲĶ֣߼ս̫ˣԣնʱȡһƾᣬӶ˳ȥ
⡭
췽վŵλãһ˽¶֮ɫ
úõһˣô˵ʧʧˣ
üͩ
Ҳͩҡͷ룬ͻȻˣСֻǸʦѵǿʦֶΣ
ʦɫ΢䣺֮ǰûǸʦ
ֻǸʦѣķӦδ̫˰ɡ
ͩü
ֱһƳͩϣֻǸʦѣҲмʦĸʦô᣿һиǳµʦ֪ǻӰ𣡣
ͩһƺû뵽ôء˶٣ɫֱҧʦΣСô
С꣡С꣡С꣡ĵܵܣΪǸŮȾָ𣡱ΪСү˲𣬵̫ӵ¶ˣΪƾʲôᣡȥú
ͩɫ࣬קȭͷ
Զĸ˴ҴһڣСˡ
ɫЩÿͩκŵˣˣͽѾܡ˵ţлһĨ⣬ĸеһ˳ؼȥٶЩյ±һʧ
ǣү
˳ȥ
ͩ¶ϲɫǴ磡
庮ɨͩһۣԺ˹ٺˣ

ʱ˿̣ѾݳȥԶһСɽ
ɽԼʮƽ
壬ˡ
ҧ
ǿн˲ˣѪһڡ
ϥ£תļܵ޸塣Ե÷ǳСģֻƽתļŪ̫ĶԼȥʱ˫ۣƺ˴롣
˶٣߳Сɽ
޵ĺХʱڳſ񱩵
УԵЩһתʱ̸֪춯
ﬣ
Լֺһ˵Ľ¡
ֻʼԶƬȴǱնһĽۡ
̧ͷȥϤľӥվǾӥϡ
Ƿ㣡
һͷܡ
ʱ䣬Хϣһ̶Ľ׹䣬նʮ
ɫǚi㣬ԵЩǱϾǴӿкʹھƵλá
һ·ӣͣ£Ķ֡
ɱ
ʱһ
УʮӰ˳ɢżǿϢ
С֣Ӳˣ
ͩЦ
ʮ˳ǰȥ˲佫ΧС
ЩˣǿߣǼʮһ˺ֱҾӢ
˵ʳҵĵ̣ɣ
ͩ
˵ţͩһ֣ʱ䣬似֮ݺᡣ
챻ʮΧ룬̼Ͼʮ˶ǿߣǿڡ
Ϊɱңǰڵƻ治Сǻʳ֮һ

Ԫ׽ݺᣬϯʮ
۵һһһʱѪУ
Сĵ㣡˲򵥣
к˺ȵ
˵ͷʱý˲١
ͬʱʮ棬ڵܣʱЩ
ﬣ
һ̶𣬿׼ݣԸ߿¡
ٴζˡ
챻ʮ˲ܣܸ֪һʱȴ⵽һЩһᴩ۰ʺѪˮʱķ
ɱ
һץסᣬһն
ʹˣԪŭն¡
۵һĺ˷ҽУֵֶʱб˳ȥ
ƫͷ߿е壬һ
ޱ飬ȴǳ䣬һն£ɱŽ
ৣ
ǚiѸܳȥ
忴˼ۣӰٴʧʮ˵Ұеȥ
⣡
ʮ˽Աɫ
ͩݣҧгݣ
嶯ݣüͷһ𣬷һֱԽ죬ǷֹͻȻʧɴ˿̣ȴ׵ĴƤ²ˣһ׶ûС
ֻʶǿܹʶǵֶΡ

磬ô죿
̧ͩͷ
εʱӦޣ򷽲Ųٴγ֡Ƿɢе̺ʽҼԦӥڿ̽Ѱټǡ
˵ţԦӥĸЩ
ɢһҪҵС֣
ͩȵ
ǣСү
ʮ˿ɢԼȴŽ϶̵ľ룬ԱʱӦ
Ѿ߳ȥԶһʯ
űᴩı۰ѪˮͣʯȡЩֹѪҩ۷˿ڴŸоЩ
壡
͸ʯ춢Ÿ߿գɫ
ͩ£ʮҲ⣬ؼ壬̫ǿˣԶԶԿ⡣
ЩⰡ

ʣµѾȫĵˣ޷ߣⱱ׵ԺĿȴҪϣҪͩ׷ɱʵЩѣϾҪѰʳˮԴһֱһط̣ԦŷڿУѰ
һ죬ʼմʯУʱڶסˡվŴѣһˣҪʳҪˮҪȻֻܵ
СĵɨܣӰ
ʯѸѰһЩҰڽ˸мʡ
ȥš
찵
ʱ߿ϣĽ֣ٱ
ܣ㿪ɨС
ﬣ
ӭģĵڶ
ͬʱܣһӰٳгԷɱ⡣
һȾܡ
׷˭ȡСֵԴʮң
ͩȵ
ʱʮ˵ٶȸˣֶЩ



ŹԪʮ˲սˡ
߿ϣһֱ죬ʮٴʧһԾ£Ӿӥ䵽Уֽ졣
ͬһӰ˲Ƶǰ
챻ٶæǚi˱ܣͬʱ̧Ԫ񵲡

һ죬ԪնϣǱǹྡྷԶ
еĳͫ΢Ʒ
ҵ׷iΣ
ͩ
ȴһﲻ췴Ӧʱ䣬Ʒɱһ¡
ɫԪһ塣
һϵĹԪȴѾɿ˳ȥ
׷
ͺһһ׷ǰٶȷǳ졣
ҵ׷iѾҪ޵ɣټǿΪٶȻ졣
쳯ۣɵһ壬ٶȾҲ˿

һٴμӿ첽
ģܱð޵ĺХ࣬кһ˿˿ϺɫţǰһƬƮ
춯ݣͣ½Ų
徹ͬʱͣǰͳ֣


133 
ϺɫڿУ춢ǰľϡЩռҲúڰЩһɺΣյĸоͷ壬ֻĿ˸Ȼܼɵطʹиǰһ˿֮ġ
־ܡ

𡣡һʰֵˡ
лһĨ⣬һն졣
гһǴľƷ˽˽׽ʩչ£һնһĿ
䣡
໥ײ񱩵ϯʮ
ŵŵŵĺԶֻоѪһڡ
һδȴ˸˼¡ڶսɱʮǿߣӲڣĺܲеɱʱøŨ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ʱƿ֮ҵȫ˹
ͩǰ΢΢һͣ漴Цܰôˣ
ȻͩǰҲ
˽ıֱ䵭ɨˡ˿̣ǰ·Ѿȫסվ룬ҲͻƳȥΨк滹·
ɨƣз·һͷ
ͩ壬ǾɣȻҽա

һգɨͩһۣ˫һŵ棬Ȼĺˣתۼû븯ڡ
£üͷȴҲ˿
븯֣صǿ߶޷ųᱻħϢ
ˣյ£ǳ˽ˡ
֪ĶطҲҿȥ
ͩߵ
ʮȫ˻ؼ壬ɨһͩת뿪
ͩ򸯶ڣһЦҶ³
˵ţͩתһưȥ

УϺɫԵŨһƬ֮ɭ
ڣʮɣͻȻݺһһ׶ĵʹͬʱҰģ֫ԣһѣθпϮԺ
Ƕ
ĳ͹ȣŽ븯Ƭ̶ѣȴѾȷӦ
ͣϥתļ⡣
ɫ⻬֯ڣӿȴǴϺɫһԵӿڣʹ͵һſڿȳһѪѪоź˿
ͫһжˣ
һ˼Ӧλⶾʱ˿ֻ̣оһɵںֱײЩϺɫϸʴ
׶ĵʹӿϣģֻоʶЩģ
ˣ
ʱһƹâ谵ĸ
쾫һ񣬵ͷȥֻеĽƺһ˳ֱȫЩ֮оڵϺɫһʧһص׷
Լȥӣưȥʧ
գգֻۣо˶ʱˬŵѣθк֫ȫˣޱȿ顣վܵЩϺɫѾȫˡ
ö
еĽƣ˫۶ⶫȻܻ
ʱһǰϺɫͬˮȻȶѾȴǱǺ£̲סɿֹסɿȣ̧ͷ΢΢üͷ
ⶫƮѵʲô

վԭض˶٣ԥЩҧҧӲͷƤȥ
ֵĵԱ泱ʪ࣬ŷ֣еľϡ٣ҼѾήƬĻҶڵ棬淢͵졣
˳ƮķСĵһ·ǰǰУڵϷ˲޵ʬЩ޺ͶޣиոȥģҲȥõģкж
ģԽԽŨҲʱǰһ޴ˮء
ǣ
ͫһ
ȥˮشԼʮɷΧںһͷ޴ʬ壬ѪҺˮؽȾˡ
첻ɵõһ߼ޣᣡ
߼ޣǿʶĿֲڣȻңҲΪʲôƬôµĶΪ᱾ʹо綾ȥڵĶطֽ⿪γƮƬС
Ŷʬ壬ͻȻ˫һ
΢΢һԾ䵽ͷ­ߵĶŨѾֶʯȡһذףͷ­ŸͶĸУ̽붾ͷ­ڣһ󣬶ʱ¶һĨϲɫ
ڣ
һջ֣кȻһöȭͷС޺ˡ
ö޺ˣǾϲ
޺ˣ߼޺ˣǾԵĺö
˳ϲҡ
ֱЦ
߼޵޺ˣö޺˺ٿԿ죡
壬ͩǵš
ЦһӶͷԾ£һߵһľ£ʼ޺ˡ
һ𣬺ʱ޺ӿ
ֻоԼ̼䱻һԴȪûˣˬĸо̲ס¡漴ʹԼתļڵĺܣԼѨ
̽еĺ˳ʹǰࡣ
߼޵޺ˣ
찵
Ӵܲ˳Ҳʹᡣ
߼޵޺ˣɾ߱ƣ̵ܼΪ嫡
ˣ
Կ⣬һɫĻƣϵϢҲڲͣıǿ
쾲񣬰С
ˣܿʱȥ
ʱźһͻȻһɿ磬ɿֲϢϯԱߵпҶȫɢ˿
أ
˫ۣâһš
һٴαۣʼ
߼޵޺ˣ̵ʵЩˣڲԴԴϵڣԴˣȻ˷ѣתļʼѡͷ­Ȳ֡
ʱţܿ죬һʱȥ
һʱе޺ѿĹâҲ
ٴ˫ۣһվ
˫ȭֻоԼøǿ󣬱֮ǰǿ
أңѾһ롣
΢΢һЦⸯ֣Ⱥ¡
̧ͷգΪڵӰ죬ĿܿľǳޣԿա룬һȻϣõϮҲõĻᱻԦžӥټ
˽ɡ

˶٣˽ȡ˳׼׽ɵĲ׽ƿĳɣδȫ似ʱ
וּһХ̶ϯʮ
׽ѶȺܴԶԶǾ罣ɱȣԽԽǼѡһ㣬Ѿᣬ׽ǰɵʱȽɣɵĳʱͺˣɣϼѡ


134 յȴ
谵ּ䣬ʱʱһ绡֣žͣ쵥ֳ˽һҲ˫ת׽ضԪת·ߡ
꣡
꣡
꣡
˸֯е
ģ춯һϯء
וּһԶһľըѴڲѣͬ˰㡣
˫ۣص³һ
Ȼֻһǰȴ¶һĨЦ⣬⡣

һ콣һչװ㶯
â֯⣬ÿһնƬ谵Ŀռ΢΢һһǻƲ񷣬ǵƺ嫶׳
ն
˫ֳֽһѹ£Ƭƺζ
ƬУû˿˼ɣ
ʱϻ׽ʱеʬ͵ȡŪЩ㲻ѡʱͷ㣬ҪϮԼ
ˣһ۱ȥ

ʱֵ峿ħԵһ߳
׵Ժ𿼺˵˱˫֣վϵӡ

Ц
ΪأΪ׵Ժһλϡ
˿̣ħԵۼ˲ˣȴغԺϵ⣬ֵˡʱԵһߣһͣһ˲˲ĶħԵĿͣڵȴʲô
壬ܵܳˡ
Աһ˵
ޱ飬ǰ߳ͩͷ
ͩЦ£ͻȻԵΣʱӭȥ
С꣬ʲô
ͩ
ˡ
˵
˭ͩһ䣬ȴЦǵ̫ˡ
겻˵ʲôαߣһ˲˲ĶħԵ
ע⵽ߣȫ˹

λһ콾Ůҵλү
ҸˣҪǳڴ壬Ǿͺˡ
ҺٻһٶʮҲԸ⡣
㡣
ֱĶεķ
ģħڲ˿
ʮܹжٶʮһ˻߳
㲻˲١
ص
һֱħԵֱֹȥһʱȴʼղ֡
أ
ͩ
˭
ͩɻ
죬ʶ
ͩЩˣȴֳһӣ޿˰ɡ
ǿųˣ
ƽ
ͩпٻһĨ⣬ȭȴվ˿
˭֪أһЩΪֲޡ
˵ţͩתȥ
Ǳߣкٶʮһ˻صԺͩΪȻҪ
ϲʽΪұ׵ԺһԱΪڰյսԤףȡúõΪϵǽܵõԴ
Ż߳һ
˫ȭ͸ħʱһ㣬һԡ
ڣܲصԺ
غȵ
ǣ
һʱ䣬ŲһĨ̳
Щˣǵ۹δ֧˰
ٶʮһˣǾţĽǡ
˭˵ء
н˸žâ
ģΧطȺʼɢȥܿ죬ܱðࡣ
ʱΨм껹ڶħԵĿ⡣
С㣬ȥ𣿡
ʵ
ǸǿߣΪ£Ϊ죬ǽū
Ȼȥɡ
ҡͷ

ħڣɴڸУŲ׽
ﬣ
Хףֵĵ汻նĽƲ
һһͶ뵽УȻȴʱš
ʱ䣬׽ƿɰ룬֮ǰǿ࣬ÿһնɴһҰâһ㡣
һȫƿɵĲ׽

һ쳹ʮӵĴ̶
תۼ䣬չȥ
һ峿ʱ֣ͣɵĲ׽ȫƿءңЩҲʱʱȫֻһ֮ң
˽⡣
ˡ
һ쳯ȥ
֣߳Ϥĵ·ߣ췢֣м޵öӰ
𣡡
һͷļ۷ɣſ޿ҧ졣
ƫͷһȭ
ͷļ۷޲ҽһ˳ȥ
ãҪɱһͷļ۷ޣȡ޺Ϊ֤
˹ȥ
ʮļޱնɱȡ޺ˣħԵȥ
ʱ߳ħ룬ĿһƬտ
ʱˡ
찵
컹ɵɲΪԼǰˡ
룬Ҳ⣬Ժֻ˵ħ泬¾Уɲ˵ʱǲϸ
뵽㳯Żʳȥ
졣
һϤ
һ㶣ƫͷȥֻԶһʯϣһŮ
Ǽꡣ
㡭
ż꣬ԵЩ⡣
һ뵽ʲôЩж
ȶˣ
ʵ
ûãѡ
˹
Ц죬Ҫ֪ʳǵһ콾Ů죬ƻһѷӵ
˶٣ַӦô˵Ѿˣ
ͷʵôôų
ǰкеԺر׵Ժȴʼ첻ȥһֱš˿̼ЩˣȻҲЩɻ
ЩС£ȻһƬȣʱˡ
ε
΢㶣ɵ÷˷ۣģȻʱ䡣
ż㶯ʱЩˡҲֵഺ꣬һô˵ĽŮ˵ģȻܡ
ʲôء
գգۡ
û
æƿĿ⡣
͵Ц£ӡ
Ѿħ߳˱һŻʳȥԼʱ˷صʳǣ;ʱͣ
ͲȥԺˣ·Сġ
Ц
Ϊ۹󽫾Ů츳ˣԺвٳǰԺУϧˣǲϲˣΪȴ˿ټΪʳǵһŮλзư
л
ͷ
˻֣븮С
ؽǿɨԼС㣬ֶ죬һı顣
ȿȡ
ΣɿŵԺȥ
뱱׵ԺһЩ룬Լʱڱ׵Ժ⡣ʱ׵ԺԵú֣ΪһĵԺڽսȻսȻòٵԺĵӺ͵ʦΧۡ
׵Ժ壬ͩˡ
һЦ
ȡԺƽڵԺǿ߿ۣƽԺڣΨһ˫ԵøһС


135 Ųͩ
̤뱱׵Ժ췢ֵԺڲӴ¥ͤһ֮ǵľ丮֪ǿ˶٣ͬһͥ㡣ԺԶ˶٣漴ȺǰУܿ׵Ժ䳡
ȥ䳡ܿ㣬ۼ˲ˡ
źˣ츳۷壬֮Ǳ׵Ժһһˣƹ˶þܳʳǷư˰ɡ
˵
źȷʵЩ£ʮѣȻʵ
Ҫǰ츳պĳɳǱǳ󣡡
ǸҲ򵥣ٴļү츳ʮ꣬˵ڲǰͻƽˣһΣеĵڶˡ

˵һǺǿ
䳡ϣ۷׷ס
վȺУĮǰֻǰ̨ϣӰڴս似Ŀһһ׳ʡܿ죬˰̨ܱϵȥ
һ˵̨
Ȼͩ
䣡
ǿԪһһӿͩʹõһƶٶȻǼĹٶȣ߶Ƿǳˣ̨һΧ߲ɵþ̾
СүͩȻҲôǿ
ǻʳ֮һһСүǿȻ¡

˵
䳡Զһ̨ͤӰУǺغ壬⻹иߣΪҲǱ׵Ժĳϡ
壬ܵĳɳٶЩˣȻѾҵ׷i͹罣޵Сɡ
ص
ҹͣЪħʮҲˣ˵ûʧ
ܵӦÿλˡ
Ц
ϣɡ
ͷ
ͩ˿̵ĶҲǸصǿߣͩ似ȴҪ̫࣬ܿͰͩĽ£ͩһ߷̨
˭
ͩųɨ
׵ԺսսΪͩڼգս˿վ̨ϣбָȴź˺ΪڵǶź˺Ķ֡
ǿ񰡣
ʲô˼пıǮ
ҵ似ǿĺܣ
ۡ
ЩѪ֮ˣܲͩƣȺϳܿϧЩϳˣȺ󶼱
׷iϹ罣ͬ޵У̫ǿˣ
˾ȡ
˭
ͩվ̨ϣɫưˡ
ͩȻͩĿЩˬȴòͩǿ׷iŹ罣Ĺߣͬڿ޵С
ԡ
ʱһԵĮ
ȺУһ߳תۼ̨
㣡
ͩɫһ䡣
Զ̨ͤҲǶݣ˸֣ôܻţ
Աߣغȴü
ʲôˣҸս
صͳ
һεˣڽħǰȻÿ˶ʶͻȻȺ߳ز̫ݣȻҲһ
Ժֿ˹

˵ţӻȡԺơ
ƣغһ㶣漴üͷ
ôڲų֣֮ǰħ߳Уû㡣
ʵ
ħЩ鷳£ղŵ߳
ش
ԣͺصͷʵеԺƣѾ˵ݣҲֻЩɻ󣬹ʴôһʡ
Уɫ˸ɱ⣬Ȼ졣
С֣
קȭͷһձӾ¥ֱ߳ȥһֱǵá
Χ߽ԻȻڼͩ󣬾˸ǰȥս
ôܻţ
̨ϣͩһɫЩѿ
¡
쵭Į
䣬ɨһԶ̨ͤڵ壬΢΢һͩ
ͩһҧҵ׷i͹罣Сɣ񲻾㣡
˵ţͩһ֣ٽ졣
ৣ
һӰֵ̧ͩ˲Ƶǰһѿסͩս󣬺ݺһŤһͷѵʱ˳
㡭
ͩʹŤбʱб˳ȥ
ͬʱͩоʱΪ죡
ʱɿͩ󣬸Ϊס䲱ӣݺݽ̨ͩ档
һ̨ݺݵĲ£ͩǲҽгһѪˮ˳
ʱ䣬Χۡ
ôǿ
ôݣ
ͩǿ󣬷ĿãڣȴǰͻȻֵ׵ĻĲҽУĿࡣͬʱҲв˲죬ֻսǰλҲδ̫˵ɣ
ſ
һԶ̨ͤ˲̨Ե
̨ͤϺغҲǷӦ
Ϊ˺ݣ
Щˣ
˺ȳ⡣
ɿͩĲӣվ
ȻΪΪص˵ĺȳסʱͩҪվʱȴͻȻ̧ȣݺһŲͩؿڡ

ͷѵͩʱһβҽ
ҿǶ̫˰ɣ
ֻսѣΪΣ
Ѳɻޣ
˲졣

ˣ
غ
˶ͬŵӲ̳֣ŭ
λϣʱҪŶŭ쿪ڣ˵˾䣬һߵ壬λΪβһԱߵҴүΪεӻղŴħ߳Ϊλͩ֡
ԣ˽ɻʶ塣
У鲻ɣ
壬ʲô˼
ü
кâֱֱĶ졣
ô˼˵ûϵҰ㡣ͩԺ󿼺ˣħԭֻλϵӿԽ룬Ҵүзʮǿ߽ħ룬ΪලߵԼԶ֣ʮǿߺͩһɱңԭֻΪҺͩЩ˽˶Թ
ʲô
ԣ˽Աɫ
ٴ壬˵ı鶼ֵֹģ˶ָָ㡣
壬˵Ŀʵ
ü
岻ԲɫΪ
ſ
죬
𣿱Ǳ븯֣ҿǲ˰ЦĸûõЩöΪЩ˵㲻ۣһŲһԵøֵܻ񣿡
ĻԺϵͬʱŴͣЩ˾Ϊ˼ලߣȻͬܵͩһڼǿ߽һ뵽ȵǣ븯ֺ쾹Ȼܹ߳
ְ
ȥ棬ûЩΪǶҲ̫˰ɣҿ˵ǿ߽Ҳɰ
ϵӾĲУغҲ졣


136 նɱ
ڸ֣׵ԺһЩϵӺ͵ʦǿɶǺΣյĽʶҲ̤Уȴ룬ǰ˾Ȼܹ߳ʵ̫ˡ
Ķ壬ĿܵĮ
ſ
庮
Ͳ𣿡
쳰
⻰ط˶壬ϧȴһֶûС
ſ
ô֡
ң忪ʼȥ
𶯡
䵭
וּһ˽Убָͩĺ
ͣקȭͷһĶ졣
ô
ͩھĽ£ȻԶԶǿ󣬵Ǵ˿ȴǲֻȽͩȳſԶԸ졣
Ǻ׷ɱңұ븯֣ô
쵭Į
⻰̨ܣΧ߶ǵһ
һ̣Щоɢɱ⡣
ң
ȻޱɭɱŽ
Ϊβң
Ц
˽ѹͩĲϣ΢΢ʱ˿˿Ѫ
ͩڽ£ϵĴ̹Ǳ˶ݺһɫĵס֣ԺȻӼ໥ȴϽɱͬŵӣҪɱңҲԺŹ㣡
춢̧ͩȣ󣬺ݺݲ¡
һͷѵͩʱҵĽ
˭˵ˡ
ĵ
һſǰû棬ȶͩļ߹ǣʹͩʹȥ
⡭
ŲСүǶ̫ˣ
ݣ񣡡
Χ뵹
ҿǻʳ֮һʵǿľˣҲǻʳǷưߵǿߣɴ˿̣Ȼ˿ڻʳеĵλôֱӵܵܣǴžž찡
ﬣ
Уһ֣⣬һɿֲɱɢ
ſ
죬ž˺⡣
µȱ潣
˵նɱޡ
ֲܿ

еıǿߵսĳɣ˶Ľ
춢壬һЦ˿Ҳ⡣
Զ㣡
˽ѹͩĲϣѪøŨ
⣬Ҫɱ
Ƕô󵨰ɣ
ģһ̫ˣ
ΧȻ
ȻҲв˾˷ܣֱĶǰ
ɫɢɱǿ
ˣȷˡ
Ҳѵһ٣ͺˡ
غʱ򿪿ڡ
˼Ѿµ˵ĻʵɾˣȴҲɲɱͩϾͩݲһ㣬ңǱ׵ԺսҪɱͩӰɾ̫ˡ
ûУſң
ͩ
ɨͩһ̧ۣȣǺݺһŲ¡
ͩҽУ
֪Ķ
Į
קбĶ죬ֻɱͷš
һߣغҲ
ˣҲ˵𣬷ڻţĽѵѾ㹻ˣ
ص
ƫͷ򺫺أƬ̺ҡҡͷ
㹻ˣ쵭һЦΪûгɹɱңҾ͸÷Źⱱ׹ǲҲɱ˭ɱ˭ɱǼãûɱɹԷҲɱңҵѵУϣ˼
㡭
ضʱɫһȴǲ֪η
ԱߣɱҲӲԺĴȴҲȰ㲻Ҫڳ嶯˼С
˼ˣ£Ҫ롣
쵭
һ̣еâ˸˽ù⻬ơ
˽һ˿˽â¡
㡭ס֣ͣ£ûϵĻɱң㡭Ҳģ
ͩ
ӭ˿̵ͩˣиֳŨŨĿ־֮ɫ
һߣĶ죺ҪǸɱұ֤ջȥ
ס֣
غҲȵ
ĿɨЩˣ쵭ЦȻ䣬˽΢΢һ
ۣ
ѪҺ䣬ͩĲӱѪ
ֳ
ʱطš
Ȼġɱˡ
ӡ
˰
Χ
ˣ

غɫ
սϵնɱͬţ£ɻǱ׵ԺԴʼһ
ϵɱ⺧ţһȥ潣ɱ硣
壬£س˵ţԾϸ̨ȥʲôɣӦڵԺɱͬţǾ㣬ϧȴǲ
ˡ
һѪԣӣϧ̫嶯ˡ

Χ߽ҡͷ
̨ϣĺأԵúƽ
ͣ¡

˵ţһΣһС
ϣƣһɻߴ
ؽŲһͣɫʱ΢䣺
ǺأҲǶݣǰ˾Ȼȶ
ңΧ߽ǵۡ
ȥһʲôͷôֶ
ı
ԺвϵӣЩϵӵļʶܲһ㣬ϵȡĶ
ʱ˿ֱֳ̣ˡ
鵭Įźغλϣⶫ˰ɡ
ǻʳǿʦĸ᳤ĶκκһΡ׵Ժ˵ҲǱ׹£ңԺڣȻá
غɫ΢Щ̫ÿ
וּһһХޱȴ̶
潣Ŀ⺧ˣһȥ˿Ҳɱ⡣׵ܱܵɱ̡
⡭
壬Χ߽Զݡ
춢壬ЦҴүڷưߵǿߣΪԺ󿼺˼ලߣȴǹȻʮǿߺ׵ܵһΧɱңڣҵУͼԳ߶֣ٹ꣬ҹƾ͸Ʒı׻ңԼˡ
ʱɫԱ䡣
֮԰
ʱ䳡⣬һ˷˽
Ǳ׵ԺһʦΪݣһǰȥ丮ˡֻݽ̨ܵߣɨһ죬ٶ˵Щʲôʱ䣬ɫһ𣬶ʱͱˡ
Ծ̨ںضߣ˵˼䡣
ʲôǸ죿
ҲǱɫ
ݴӾ丮صԺ󣬺ͱ׵Ժһڳ˹£ʮ꣬츳׿ʦʱɰѱ׵ԺĳǾһ£ֿνǼ¡Ҫ֪׵ԺȻȱţ츳ҲûУӵо츳ͬʱǸ׿ʦǾЩˡ
һ̣죬غıһٱ䣬ν侫ʡ
֮ǰ룬ΪʲôսڶǸͷΪǸСһҪȵ߳һˣ룬Ȼ

뺫ضһۣ˶ɵÿЦ
ʮ꣬츳׿ʦӣǸͷ


137 ԺԺԺ
֮ǰȡԺƣʱֻݵ֤йڸ˵Ϣû¼УԺغ֪ʵݣֱѶϵ֪ݣӦ˹
⡭
˿ЦѣǷǵǸ
Ӧ
וּһɱ⽻֯졣
壬ס֣
ص
ɫ˫һ㣬ֱɱҵܵܣͩ츳ôƽռҲûʲôΪȻˣȴҲĵܵܣܱܵ˵ɱеɱͬȪӿ


ô˵Χ߶һ㶡
⻰񲻾ж
һҲȻˣȡŻңȥκκһΣԼȻҲ⣬ȻǱ׵ԺĳҲøһӡȻЩ˲֪ú˶ҡĻ챾
ʮ꣬츳׿ʦɱ
ɱˣǿʧ
űȴԭأɱĶ졣Ȼ֪ǻһȨһȻ֪εõⶫĶɱ죬ǻɲСۣûѿҲҴȥܲõӰ죬ϾǹȻȨˡ
ֹסŲ˶ǵͷ
죬ȻǱˣϽ´Σ
ء
쵭Į塣
ʲô˼
΢ɡ
Ϊ˵ļලߣԺϵӣȻϼǿ߽ħ밵ɱԺԺָøεȵĴ
㲻Ѿɱͩ𣡡
ü
ԣɱͩԣҲ֮һȻɱͬŵӣõΣ
ĵ
ԣΧ߶ɵõһ
Ƕţ
ɱͩȡȻ󡭡ҪԺ壿

ϵĿࡣ
Ҳǵɴ˫ۣͬһУȿˣ
ŵĶ
ɫ
ԶźߣˬĶ죬һķͷʱѹˡ
غüһʱЩ
⡭
յ˵Ϊ棬׵ԺȷʵӦô壬ҴүưߣԺѵõһǿߣңͩŸոձɱҪʱ壬ʵЩΪѡ
̨ϣ嶢죬ɱš
սһһ⣡
庮
һмĵսƾʲôͬΪԺѧ㰵ɱҲɣھȻ˼ս£ҵˣѵƤô𣡡
ɫʱɱӿ
ˣغȵ죬£Ҳȫһ֮ԣԺúõ飬֮ϡ
ǽӣ
쵭Ц
㡭
ɫ࣬ŭСһﵱǸͷһӶԼ
ںػ˵ʲôʱȴҡҡͷ
ˣԺνϲԼԼ˵ţ壺һ֪ҵ׻ʲô³ͩڵϣٹãͻ㡣
̨ܣ˶סˡ
죿
ǶòĸܵԺˣ˰ɣ
̫ˣ
ɱͩȻ壬֮ȻҪɱ壬ֱ̫ˣ̨ܵЩΧ߸Ŀ࣬°Ͳû
ɫѿһŨŨȻôδܵ裬ֻоһü⡣ʱȡһʲôˣֱӳȥ˺顣
غӿЦȻǸͷ
λϣʽԺ𣿡
ʵ
ʱڴ壬ʵǿ󣬴ʱֱӶϧɸоԼ࣬濹ԲǶ֡
㣡ô㣡
ذ
ôӣѵܸƳԺŲɣ
ǣս
սս˽ˣҲǰ˵̨µݣлˣʱ㸺𣬴ȥѡһסȻһЩڵԺ£𣡡
ͩɱҲǸС£úúôһ
ǣǣǣ
ͷ
죬ˣȥɡ
ͷɨһ壬һԾ£ߡ
ǰ
˵
ҡҡͷ첽뿪
̨һƬţ뿪ıӰɱ⣬սȭͷ޲һһ졣
Աߣغı飬ɨһͩʬ壬ɵǿЦ»갡
ǣǸ죿˧̫ˣ
Ůӷ״
Ƕ뿪ķ򣬸ղŵһĻĻЩԺлصնɱСүȡ壬һϵжʵ̫ˣ

ʱѾ߳˺Զ
СڣŸԺ͸ô׮¡
ݿ
СүͩȻսﵱնɱ¿̯ˡ
û취ɱңֻܷ
ҡҡͷ
ݵô˵վǻʳǣνǿѹͷߣοҵľˣǻʳǵһˣûǵŵ㰡
ǶɱˣһôãˣȻ´ΣȻ´ΣѵҪռһֱ׷ɱȥɣôĵ£ҿɲɡ

һ㶣Цŵͷ˵Ҳеҡҡͷݵˣʯһ㶼ģҲ֪ЩʲôɣҲͲˣߣȴȥѡһסȻΪµԺ
У鷳ǰˡ
鷳ʲôôţҿǵ˲ٺô
ݴЦ
׵ԺΪ׹丮ڽǷΧľˣݣܿԺӵľס֮أһݶԵúܴ󣬻ľ
ǵԺ
Ц
һݵȾ丮ڸӵסҪǿ࣬ңݼ໥ľҲ̣ķǳλõıʲô
Ժ󲿷ֵӵסѡһɡ
ݵ
á
ͷ
ɨһۣѡһ޴ľķݡ
ѡסݽڣʵǰ㷽ųƣԺ󲿷ֵӵסʲô˼ѵס
ȣݰ̾ˣ׵ԺѾкܳʷϣ·ΪԺԺԺΣԺӵססͬԺסԺԺڱĵط
ԺԺԺԭˡͷ룬ʵôǰδԺԺδԺԺھ丮йߵĲΣõԴͻ࣬ԣһ㣬Ȼһʡ


138 
֮Լ뱱׵ԺΪ˸Դ
ԣԴйص⣬ȻŪЩ
ҽҪ˵£Ҵʼ㰲š
˵
С
ͷ
ݶŵȣµӸոսѧԺйսѧԺԺǰʮ˷ЩʱѧԺԼĥһ£ҲǴϤµԺ
ݶ˶٣ѧԺһȫԺȣڵԺһɱھУԻɱʯ¼ѧԺӵͨԣǰʮĵӿɻֵԺڰʮʮһɾԺʮһ֮ΪԺԺʯĻӦϵ
˼ǣһºֻҪڻɱڴﵽǰʮܽԺﵽǰʮܽԺ
ʵ
ô򵥣һû˵أʯϵֻǻҡͷҾ˵һ£磬һºڻɱڵĿǰʮһλô㽫ֱӱֵԺһԺӡ
λʮţôʸԺҪеԺѡһսʤˣԺʧܵ˵ԺսʧܣôǸ㻹ǵԺͬԺҲһ
ʱȻô˵ѧԺԺʼձʮˣԺʼձʮˣԺ򲻶Ȼ̭ƾԺԺѡ
¾
ݵͷ
ʵһͳһȺҪȵŽһδȣ
ȫԺȣÿ¾һΡ
һΣôƵ
Щȡ
ȻҲΪ˶ٵŬݵȻеĽΪƵʯϵλȴһ㲻̫䶯ԺԺĵӸױ㱻˼ϾԺԺģеš
⵹Ҳǡ
ͷ
˵Щڱ׵ԺҪɣΪӸ󣬳ԺؾӸ󣬳ԺͲؾǵһɣ˺ܶ࣬пɳ磬ĺӰߡ
ɳ磬ǸСռ䣬ڲɳУʵС۾ͬʱⷽСռлɱ󣬻ʱʱݻһЩǿ޹еĵӣԴ˶ߵĸ֪
ĺһ޴ĳӺУˮļľˣһСľͻὫе˳ߣңⳤӾĳ󷨼ӳ֣ˮǳı䣬裬һ˺ѳܵˣԴ˶ߵͳ־
Ӱ߽ڲ뼺ʵһ޶ĻӰ˻沿⣬ΪٶȺ似еıһ޶߽ӰںݻԼĻӰսɰԼȱ͸治㣬ͬʱҲǿս˵ǳش
ߣ˵»ʮǿŨ߽к󣬿ԼȡԶӶʹùٶȴΪڶʱߺ֮ܶ࣬Զ
ĸطɱͼĺÿٿͬʱɰԣʱȣѧԺУӰȴǲȻֻԺӺԺʸ룬һݸʯϵʱϵķ䣬ԽǰܵõʱԽࡣ
һ㣬ԺĲؾǾ丮ЩͬԺӣÿ󾳽ֻڲؾѡһһ似ȻĹ似Ƕ
ݵ
ˣÿ󾳽ֻѡһ似ǲ̫˵㣿
졣
ɣҲÿ󾳽ֻһ似ЦЦ似ͨۻѧԺֵȡµ似ѧԺֵﵽһɶһһ似ѧ԰ֵﵽɶһ似һʶ似Ҫﵽ
΢㶣ʵѧԺֵôۻ
򵥣Ӹ޺ˣƤë޾ѪϡҩģҩȶУֱҶһѧԺֵ
ݵ
ҲУ
а
룬ʵﵽһֵҪң
ҵĻв١
һֵҪңֵҪ߰ң
ͣ
ðߣⲻȥˣ
Ȼ֪ʲôЦҶͨʿ˵ȷʵ֣ڻʳǵһЩ̼ԣҸ㲻ʲô˵ΪЩ̼׼ģԺҲҪ׬ЩǮ
죺
ԺҲҪ׬Ǯǵһ˵
ǣ޺ô㣿
ʵ
˵޺˵Ļļ޵޺ˣԼҪǧöԴﵽһֵ弶޵޺ˣԼҪһǧöޣԼҪһǧö
ԣ޺˾ȻҲҪôࡣ
û취ԺĴ̫࣬תҪܶ޺ˡ
ݵ
ԾԶ似ΪջѧԺƴŪ޺似ѧԺӶһֲʧʲôܵõ޺ˣֶΪк٣ǸǺˣԩͷװײף

ȿȣ֪ͺã֪ͺãܲõʦͳȥŪ޺˺Ұɡ
ݵ
ǶЩøУݵҲûʲô
죺
Ҳ̫ˡ
һԱ׵ԺҲһϵ˽⡣
ʱ֣ǡ
鷳ǰˣǰߡ
콫͵ſڡ
СһԺʲôĵطҡ
ݵܿ뿪
صڣ·䣬漴ɵϣ׼ú˯һǸУЩףûôϢá
Լҹʱ֣ת˶ٺ󣬴ƣʼƿļԣʱЧȰպ࣬Ϊļǳ֮
ˣ
Ũ⣬ɫǳҲ֯ʹԵʥׯϡŨǳ֮£һһĹϵĵѨ;໥һ
ˣһҹʱܿȥ
峿ͣվչ˫ֻۣþǿ˼֡߳⣬ԵúܰԺӻ˯У㣬һӭųɣ˰ֲͣ
ʱˣ˵ԺµսΪһöʹǿ߸Ĺֵǲö˵ԥöҩͨһҹΪֱӴﵽ졣
֮ôͻƣΪڸһö߼޵޺ˣ£ΪԭͿҪﵽأ̷»ͻƵµĲȻˮɡ
ߣ
оص첻ɵЦ
ԼľòƲˡ
գ벽δסһֱס﹮Ϊ磬ϾʱͻƵ̫ˣŪЩС
ܿ죬һȥ
磬߳ס׼ȥԺ
򿪷ʱһ৵ĴԱ˹򣡡


139 ɳ
׼һ߳꺰ֺȴǵһ
򣿣
ʲô
꿴ȥۣƤܰףҲ͸յʮӣһĳǰֱӸ˸ůӵ˵򣬿ˣ
켹æƿ
˭
ʵ
ͻȻ˽򡱣Цô
Ҫǣѹʶˡ
ҽˣϸ¸ʮǱ׵ԺһԱ˵ţ˴ս죬˷ܵ˽Ҷ˵ˣ㵱ҵǸСү̫ˣҽ˵Ժң
꣬΢΢¡
㣿
룬ϤУҲ
ͷǣ
ԣǺϤôͳˣ
ҽʱܲԾ׽ܣ˽ҽ㣬϶ҽ򣡾ڲǣԺҲԻǣһɫ
죺
Сӣпա
˶٣뵽˸ղ˵ĻֵڣǵԺĵӣ
ɨˣѣȻҲΪˣô˵ԺУ
ǣ
һı顣
ԺҲµĵӣ
ա
㣿
ҼǮ
죺
ͻȻ뵽ݺ˵ĹҶһѧԺֵ£ڿѧԺֵֻҪ㹻ĲƸֱҲܽԺĴҿ
ͷ쳯ȥ
򣬵ȵң
ƨƨߵĸȥ
ҽ򡣡
õĽ򡣡

˵ʲôˣѭһ򣬳ű׵ԺȥסмˣΪҲﵽأȥʶ¿ɳͼĺ
ҽôʶģ
ڵʲôˣ
Էò
㵹˵仰
һ·ϣ˾ûЪš
ֻо˵죬ܵǸ롣
׵ԺǳԺסźܳһ·;УٵԺѧһһָָ㣬Сʲôǰ쵱նɱСүʹԺӶ𾪲С
ע⵽ܣǾ⣬˷ܵĵЩһ񶼶һܾηӣ̫˧ˣ˵˰Ժһҡ
죺
ú
׵ԺܴвѧԺУפ㣬㳯ſɳķȥɳǵԺĻԴûκƣԥֱӳȥ
߳ͣ
û⣿
ˡ
ԺõĿɳ磬Ϊǿ߶裬ȴֻ徳ѣһ죬룬˻ܲѹ
ⲻн𣡡
˵
ȥ󣬸ԡ
ͦãȻһ׵ܵܣȻչ¡
õĽ򣡡
˵ͷ
첻ٶ˵ʲôˣֱɳ硣ʼһɳ磬ʱ䣬ҵӭдųɫĻɳϾȻЩۡ
ߺķͣĴΪʼһжЩȣȥҰԴﵽɣĶôҲˡ
ʹ
˺У΢ӷɳС
ƫͷֻһֵһץ½ǣ岻ϵİڶţ·һ̾ҪƷȥ쵱ɢԪγһԪǽ֧һֱԼСΧʹ˺Щ
ǿ¡
˿Һ
ʱһһͷ׹ͻأԱߡ
˱ɫӲ˳
ﬣ
һХг˽һն˹ȥ
׹ޱһնΪΣ漴ǹʧԴ˲⣬֪ɳ޶Իɱݻ߱ɱֻǵѧԺڿɳ类ɱʱᱻ˦ȥѡ

ݡ
Ҳֻվţ֧ƬСΧܵĿɳӰСԼΪ似֪ܲսģΣЩ޶ɱ㣬԰ǵǻӰսӶԼ
˵
Ȼ˾ͲܻķϣҲһô˵Ҳ׵ܵܡ
õĽ򣡡
˵ͷ
һ˵Ǳʱڿ˼ơ
һ̣ܵĿɳУವƿһͷͷ޳
ﬣ
Х̶Ӷ˽޸նɱ
֣
˵ͺȡ
Щ޲̫ǿҲж޺ޣеЩǿһЩˣţڵʵԸһЩ޺ͨޣӦʲô⡣
Ĳҧҧ㶯
䣡
һնһҵĽâ
쵹СС£ȻֻǴ죬ʩչ似ȴƺ似ǲһ㡣ֻǾһ˲ͷӦԺŶǮҿҪŪЩ似ӦҲ̫ѡ


ǣ򣡡
˷ܵ
ɳܲһ㣬ɳǳǲ޳˷ʤУǿӴԪ֧һСΧ˵ֵɳԪĵҲǺԼһʱк뿪
߳ɳ磬˳˿
һ;ԭͲ¡

֪˵ͷЩ˷ܺͳݵĶ죬ȻԪǿнЩɳһͬʱָսҸоڵսƺ˲٣Ҳࡣ
ȻֻڿɳһʱȴǾԼʵǿ˲١
Ժлᣬٴ
Ц
ڿɳһʱԼԵûʲôΪǿߵĸ֪裬һ֪Ѿǳǿᣬ׸֪ɳޡЩɳҲ̫ǿڵȫɵֵסϾǵȿɳԭֻΪöѡ
ðð˵Ժ˶ʱЩ˷ܵĵͷ˵ţ죬˽ȥģҪҴȥ֪ˮתת
ˣҵȥǣ

Ѿڱ׵Ժȶʱȥ۱ԴˡȻڲҪǱ˺üʱ併͸ұԱҲͦԣȻὫǼһﶪ档
аһȥһȥ
˵
Щһﻹˣôĸо
ҡҡͷҲ⣬±㳯ŵԺȥ
죡
ʱһ


140 ȭ
˳ȥֻǰӭһ꣬䡣
£

Ц벻ȻҲԺ
ۣסңΪ˵ȷϻ
˵ţҡҡͷк˳ȥ
վס
ȡ
￿ӣһĻ󣬶˹
죬䣬˿ɶеˡ
첢䣬ȴЩˬˣĸа˵ô壡˵ţ죬˵ˣ
ǰɣʳʱЩС
쵭Ц
ЩСôܺƵģ
΢㶡
Ҳʶ㣬ȻӾ¥߳ȥҲҡ

˵ۣ漴Ĵָ
ԹԵĶԻȫܣʹɫһһ죬콫ھ¥˵˳ʱЩҲסΪʱܲѧԺӶĿϡ
Ȼ£
Ǹɱͩĺˣ벻ʳǾٴļҵү
ǡţ
ܣ۷׷ס
ֻоԼǻһ㣬וּһֱָ죺һգٶȿ͵Ϯң㣡սԶԶң
Ȼأ
쵭䡣
ɫһĵսɸң
һգ쵱߳¥ʹʵںܺ죬ԼսҪǿһѩ裡

ս֣ܵĵԺǶ÷սһеǿ˽ս˵˫۶ڴ
ġ
ҡͷ˵ţкˣѧԺȥ
㲻𣡡
Цгֱָ졣
㲻䡣
쵭
䣬Ҳ˵ı飬ֱѧԺȥֻһվԭأеıָؽڶЩˣ

һ𣬺ܿ߳˱׵Ժ
˵ʳʱΪɶҪ߸ղǼһ
졣
Ѿõķ䡣
˵
˵ۣŮһ˵ķ䣿
죺
һۣ
ʳǷǳݻһָָһָָǸקҪȥ֪ˮתתΪӷϴܾˡ
Ǿ¥ôû߶ð
һʱ΢΢ԹЩˡ
ûšֵˣٽҽ򣡡
õĽ򡣡
˵ͷ
ðߣһһơ
ʱڵ֮ǰ¥¥Ժʱ۱Զʱ˻һҡͷԣԵЩ˷ܡ
ǡ
߹ȥ۱ԵԴһﻹͨԡ
۱ԣ׳˲٣⡣
۷ޣⶫ
˫۷
һҵ
Ц
¥СһЩңǣ۱˳ȥ
ڽֵϣ˶ɵòĿ۱ԣһָָ㡣Ҫ֪۱Կ۷ޣ죬һ˿ǽˣܹ۱Ϊ˵˷ǳǿ
һ
˫۷Ź⡣
С

ô˵Ҳ׵ܵܣǲС
˴ϲæܵ۱ԱߣһԾȥոտ۱Եļʱ߶ʱŭݺһֱӽ˦˳ȥ
һڵϣ۵졣

ָ۱ԣֱ¡
۱ԣЦ۱ֻһ˳
üһ
۱˳ëһϲˡ
˵۱ԣκֻεҡҡͷ
˳ű׵Ժȥһ·ϣ˵ĻɶĲУһ롣
˽εı׵ԺǻְΪűЩ궼Ҫ٣ң˵úĳλҪԺС
˵
΢㶣ҲԺ
֪ʹڵǿ߿ɲ٣רŸ̵ĸִڡ
ǲҪģӵȤ˭Ǿһڻʹ̫뵽ֺֺǰɡ
˵
ͷҲû̫⡣
ܿ죬ػصԺ
Ժڶ࣬Ȼֻһˣרŵ콫۱ԴԺϵһ漴뿪ڸѾɵĲ׽ȫƿأ˿׼ȥԺؾѡһµ似Ͼ಻ѹѧЩ似ǻ¡
ҪҪһȥ
ˡ
ȥҾȥ
˵ͷ
׼ˡ
׵Ժܴ󣬲ȴѾϤЩܿһǳߴĸ¥ǰǲؾ󡣷ȥؾΪĲ㣬һϵϢ
ؾ˽ԵĵԺƵݸؾִ£ִɨһۣȥڶ㣬ѡһ似ʱޣһʱ
ս󣬸ӵĵԺѾʽˢ¹񣬲ͬƴŲͬĸˣؾִֻԪһɨ֪漴似ȡļ¼
ջصԺƣŶ¥ȥ
򣬵ȵң
ںе
˵϶¥ֻ¥Ŀ˸ɫĹ似

ˮ
Ʈ˪
ⷭ˼ֹȻܾϵȲΣԶԶǾ丮ȡȻĹļȴǲĺԶԶ
ƹĿ似֮ϡ
צ
׽
ȭ
һһɨҡҡͷ
ƿв׽׽ǿɵĽѾԿ似ˣڽ似ʱҪʱѡһ֮ǵȾ߱˲䱬Ե似Ͼֻ֮е似еһУڵǰԵЩˣѰҸǿı似档

Ʊ

һ·ɨҡͷ
ͻȻĿһȭϣΪȭ
ȭϵ似ֻһʽǽԪȭˣѹ󣬴һʵʻȭݿ࣬ԶɱСȭԪѶȼң߱ǳǿŲסѹȭ
ʶʱǰһȥȭƺ
һ룬ѡˣ
ѡû
ѡüȭˡ
ˡ
˵
ɨһۣѡһһΪٻӰ似
ʹԪٻӰٶȺͷӦӦ
˵
˶ʱٺ٣ҲҺ۹⣿
췭˷ۣһﻹǸɫͿȾ
¶¥ؾִ¼¼漴˳ȥ
ȥģ
ʵ
ϻȻȥ



141 ۱֮
仹Щ磬ٴһΣѡȥĺ
Ҳȥ
˵
Ҳû˵ʲô˱һ뼱ĺĿռ
¡¡
һУʱ䣬㴫˹ط·𶯡ǰһĳӺϱˮֳɫļЩˣˮˡ
طòҰﲻ㣬ȥ𣿡
ʵ
˿Һɫˮļľˣҿʱ˸оһɿº⣬ʹ˲Ĳ£˵ͻȻЩҪ룬ҵϻؼһ˲С
죺
͹
˵˾䣬˻֣˳ȥ
Цҡҡͷʵ˵ط徳ȷʵԳܡ
ǰˮڰ׳żһ޴ˮ˳𣬸нʮɣ¡¡ͬ𶯡һɨֻڴ˿ŲѧԺУˢ
ǹ׳ۣ

˶٣ҲûԥС
ȥͣȴкˮԼҲʹﵽҡˣȴǱȻڵҲɵøоһ䣬һɴ̹ǵĺ⽫ˣҪ衣
⼱ĺĥߵͳ־ȷʵ
찵
ļĺĴϣ춼ЩʹǴ̹ǵıһܹܵˣɵô˼ң˽⣬ĺܳɣԽȥˮԽҲԽŨ
Ҫվ壬ĩˣҲҪڵΪԴͷվ壬£ʶС
κҡҡͷٶ롣
һʼתļǿԪ֧ס壬ֵļĺͬʱҲ̺֮ںڵĴ̹Ǻ⡣ʼԼڵԪٶȣոڲؾȡõļȭ
ȭѹԪӳʵʰĹȭݻֱϵһС

ռȭڵļأ첻ϵԪʹԪ۵ȭλȻͬѹ޻һ㣬ͣѹܿ죬һɾҵʹдоȭ·һ򣬶ĿҪȭͷű
ʹɫһ䣬Ͻͣ
ڵǿԿǿߣȭȴЩѣԳסѹȭ˵ԪﲻȭĵزҡҡͷǿȿȥС
룬ʱȭʼһĥǡļתԪӭĺˣʼһһĳǰʱĩߵв
¡¡
ʱӾˣżˮ˸ߴʮɣңˮ䡣
һļתĸ죬ٴǰȥ
вˣȫϵӣһĻ󣬶ɵò졣
Ǽһ˭Ȼһ룬ߣ
Щǰ
ѵһ
оȻôǿˣ
̬
˵ۡ
Ҫ֪ĺвҪصΪ
ûЩ˵ۣҧǰߣֱԴͷһٶʮɵλʱоױȵ谭Լǰˡ
ˡ

ļת˸ϵǶĲĶǽͷһȫû뵽֮£
ȥǶɶ
˰ɣ
ƨôԼˮȥģ
ϵӶסˣȴԼֱĶǰ
ˣʱһһš
ܿ죬һӹȥ
ιȥ˰ɣ
ŹȥһӶѣʲôǿߣٿϢʱ
ܺôңǼһﻹվھԴͷôĵط
۷׷ס
һӹȥڴ󲿷˶Ϊιȥ˵ʱڣǰĽһˮˣվְڶϵӸһ¡
ӣֵطȫûڣȻӣ
һ̬
ǣҲܱȵǿ˰
Ŀࡣ
ʱûЩ˵ֻо崫һ˺Ѱʹûڵ˫һַĸо
ˡ

סû뵽ڣļĺˢÿһλ̹Ǻǲӿڣһи壬Ⱦ£ʱ䣬Կʱ
һ΢΢һӣ͵Ծ
ವһȵڰߡ
ȥȻԾǡ

һĻʹòļ¡
߳ʱо˲٣岻ٺ䣬Ҳ˳˶٣ӼĺСռ˳ȥֻ˲١
úصסʱѾʱ֣ϴ壬ɾ·ϥϣ
ˣ
âеļΪƮݣٳ㡣
ܿ죬һҹȥˡ
ʱţļ켸ÿ춼ȥĺĥģ췢⼱ĺĺôʹǿǣ̺еĺһδδ͸Ѩʹպ󹹽ҲЩ
һۣȥ
һգ߳סһ׼ǰĺЩоԼǿ࣬ٹñԿʼȭѹԪ£ӳʵʻȫԶɱУǺڴأ
򣡲˽򣡡
ʱղ˴ԶҴҵ˹ڴϢš
ôˣ
Щ֡
˵ɫЩÿСĵ
üһɲõĸоȻҲ˵׷ʲôֱŵԺȥܿ죬ﴦֻǰΧһȺˣСʲôô۱ԵλáȥƿȺʱɫһ䡣
ǰֻ۱ڵϣԭ˳ëױѪˮȾ죬ϴܼĽۣ֫ȫնϣȻһϢ첽ߵ۱ԣ۱ƺҲоˣ£ȴ޷վ
ӣִ۱ϣо۱ԵڷɿţѾܻȥĿɨŷ֣۱Բն֫ҲٿˣѪˮҪ涼ȫȾһƬ
۱ſڣѪˮȴǲͣӿ˳
ȭͷжʱֳһɿµɷ
Ϣ
˾䣬漴ʯȡذף˼ºڻʹ֣һ۱Եĺֽ۱һ֫նϣٿ۱Ѿɣ뱦ټ
վɨܣֲɱ͸
˭ģ
ˣЩͳǿ¡
ӭһ˶ʼȥ
粽˲һǰһקסԷ죺˭ģ
Ŀɲɫ԰ףûιȥ
ġ䡭
ҲһĵԺϵ䡣


142 Ժڶɱ
ק˽ĳ֣וּһ
ڣ

񡭡ءסˡ
ֱ¡
콫е˶Ų翪һɱĳԺסȥ
ܣԺһĻɫ
ҵ죬ȥ
Ҫȥɱ˰ɣ
ǵԺﰡ
ıӰ˽Եһ
ߣȥ
˵
ʱһȺ˳ԺסȥȻЩûһҿ죬ȫʮɿ⣬˶⣬δ˿ֲ
Ժͨ˴˽Ժסȥ;֪ס˶ˣ˿ģĵԺӣȫɢĿֲɱ
⣬ⲻǸ𣿣
ʲô죿ǸɱСү죿

⡭ôˣɱ⡭⡭
ϳ죬ʱ̲ס˼
սϣϵɱСүͩá족ִ׵Ժ񣬼ģ˶ɺݺһ
ʱСĸ
Ժӵס˴һڡ
˽һĸ֪ޱǿᣬԶͬǿߣط󣬼Ҫκ˸ֱ֪Ӷסʮһ䷿ݣУоϢһ˿۱ԵѪζ
ﬣ
Х̶һʮķϡ
һɲǼķѣɡ
˭
һŭȴӻٵķݵ
俴졣
㣿٣㶼֪ˡ죬ЦͷʵЩۣҾʱͻȻһֻˡ֣㿴ȥƺһͷѣ𣬱㼸ͷǡ
ܲˬ죬֪콫󣬶ʱֻͷ޶ѣɱ۱ԣԺҲܣȴǿѿһϾҲ˵档
˵
ŭ֪۱һܺõ͸Ϊŷŭ
춢䣬սϣྭֱ
ﬣ
һǲ׽ʱ䣬Х쳹ķһ糯ȥ
㡭
ɫû뵽ȻڵԺֱӶ˶֣ΪҲǺǿһ˹ȥ㿪Ƕ㿪ˣɺ󷽵һȴ꣬Уһը鿪
ҵ죬⣬ƻ
һ
ˣ
ϵĿࡣ
һ֮ˣǺεȵս
ҲǱһɫ΢΢Щ԰ס漴ôĵӣǵԺڲڿûҪս㾹ôҶ֣ڹȻԺ򣡡
ﬣ
شģһ
ѵĶ㿪һɫʱúѿޱȡ
һգԺλѾ㣬ٶͬų֣㻹ԺҲԲŹ㣡ڣ㾹ȻˣѰ·
ŭȡ
ԭΪֻٶȿһЩѣնͩҲǿϾʵҲԶͩɱȣԣǰֱսսɱһѩǰܡǴ˿̣նЩļˣȽʵ̫ڿֲˣնôһ㣬սƺǿ˲١
ĻܣһΧҲǶݡ
⡭
ȷʵΥ˵Ժ򣬶ͬų֣ǵԺĽɣ
Ҫ°
˺Һ
ɫ΢ף
ȻҲԺĽжǰɱͩʱڣԺһ棬ȴǲˣ컹ԺҲˡϾǸʱ򣬺غɶȷ˵⻰
춢䣬ɫһƬ̡
Ժ򣿡
䣬̧֣һն
һ쵽£ǿľˣȻչ˼ҴȴǱһЩʱ䣬һֱб˳ȥĿѪˮǵ㣬춼ǡ

ҽУһֱ۱ն£ʹ衣
һĻ˸
⡭ɱ֣
ҵ죬ӣ
ǵԺôô󵨣
˸оһ󷢺
˽һȥϵɱ˿ҲΡ
ֿŭиֳһԡ
ǰѽǣ
ƺƷ
ȷʵǣ
еıٵӶһ
Ʒóߵսĳɣǳ£ֵ
վס
ֳƷȴǻ֣̿ڳˡ
ӱǲ֮⡣
Хһǰ˽ն¡
ȥ

Ʒʩչѧ佣նһ񱩽â
ͬâײһ𣬱ϼ⣬̵۶
ǿĽ
˺Ȼ
һ̣̳ɢȥ쾶ֱǰ˽ٴն¡
㡭
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ұ۱նϣڵϣһ졣

ҽУ漴һ̣һؿڡ
һŵ棬ǱĺʮԶ
ӱ䣬һǰ
ס֣㡭ס֣
е
һӭǱӣ϶ʱֳŨŨĿ־֮ɫʱ˫۱ϣֻԼĥŵ棬ϵĳźȥ
пᣬ̧֣һ¡
۵һȱնϣѪˮҪǮ
ĲҽУʹֱ鴤ڵϲͣ
첽䣬һȥ˽ٴ
סס֣ĹΣĹҰ
־е
ʱ䲻ҪνĵԺвˣ˫ȫ־
Ĺ㣿
ɭȻһɿµɷ
۱ķѼʱ䣬ཱུ͸ңԱҲͨԣദĺܺãϲ۱ȴǱ̵Űɱն֫ٿɱ⡣
ԵϦĪҵū۸δŭ

䣬Ѫɷ֮˽¡
۵һһȱն

Һ룬ԺסĲΧ߸ͷƤ顣
⡭
úݣ
ңҡ
ǰһĻֻоһ
츩ŵϵ䣬ԵЩ̣ն֫ұ˫˫ţٿĸұ㽫նΪΣ
䣬ٴ˽
˶ʱɫס֣ҵǸҴˣ㲻ҪɱңŴ˿̵죬ǿ־壬·ڿһֻ
Ǹұ㲻ɱ㣬ĵǸ𣿡
캮
ҡ
һɫǲ԰ס
лһĨ֮ɫУ˽ն¡
ס
ۣ
Ѫˮ˽նϡ


143 Ż
ѪˮڵϣܶʱѻȸһƬ
桭ɱˡ
⡭
áúݣ
սս̲סҺ
˶죬η壬Ǹ˺ˣǰսɱСүתۼ䣬ŹȥնѣȻڵԺɱһˣ
ޱɨʬ壬漴ƫͷԺס⡣
ӭΧһȫˡ
Ǹ
˴չȥԵЩС
˶٣κſڣдƥ뽫¡
õѣ֪Ҫʳǣսͷ۱͸һֱϧȴ룬ʳǲã۱ԾͱŰɱ˱׵ԺС
еģģ¶ң
˱֤
ͷһ𣬳ﴦȥ
Ժס⣬߳ɫһ䣬ˢˢ·
ܿ죬Զʧ˵ҰС
˶ǰĲʬڵϣѪˮȾ˴ƬرȥԵЩĿģЩŮ̲סŻ
ˣ
£ִ˰
һΣ֪ԺôϴκҲ˵ڵԺɱͬţлҵҲá
˵
ЩȻ˿̣Ѿٴ
Եʬ壬ԵЩĬ
ϴȥ
˵
˶ԻʳǷǳ˽⣬кȥ󣬺ܿм˸ΪһׯĻơ˵һ£ƽ۱Եʬߣŵضúðᡣ
ˣлл
ǧҿҽ˵ˣڵԺң棬ʲôҪҾ͵ȫԸ
˵
ЦЦҽܣòƶ˼
Ժҵлл㡣
Ǿ͸ˣԺһˣлл
˴ֵĵ
죺
ò˵ļ䣬鵹Ǻ˲١
վ˻ᣬҡҡͷ㳯סȥʱɫ磬һʱȴûʲôȥˡ
˸һǣֹ
ôˣ
ʵ
ԥ£ǸǸɱ˸ԺӣȻǼһڣԺܻᡭ
û˵̫͸ȴס
ʱܲô࣬һһɡ

ʵϣ첢̫ģȻûȴǻʳǿʦĿ䣬ƲʱԽ̧ƾǱ׵ԺҲù˼£ϾʦǷǳµġ
һһ
Щ㶡
ЦЦģҲôɱġ
⵹Ҳǡƺ뵽ʲôüɫĵҽʱ䣬·ܵģҽ۹⣬϶
죺
ЦЦĲȴǲ䣬סȥ
ûɶ£ƨƨߵĸ˵ҪѧϰеһУεζѧ

ʱ׵Ժſڣһɫͣ
ԵЩݻԻͣһͷͷΪϡ
һͺһ߳ʹ˫ۡ
Ժˣ
˾䡣
ͷԸ˽ΰٺãЩվһߡ
ǸǶȷʵʳǵԺ˰ɣ
ʵ
õ鱨ûдλСֵȷʵ˻ʳǣⱱ׵Ժڡ
͵
ʱ˫ߣòЩ

ԺסѾصȻҲڡ
ڵʲô簡˵죬ȴһ㷴ûУѵѾﵽˣ
˵
ǰɡ

Ȼв²⣬׿ڳϣǲЩȡ
漴ЩǷ
ôˣ

ƲƲ죬֮ĲôôأҲûȽС٣ڲأ㶼ˣСĲడ
΢㶣漴ЦЦ
£Ҫʵ˵ŸʮѾﵽأѾǿˣҸʮʱء
˵
ģ
һϲ
Ȼġ

õ϶Ļش˶ʱģ־ﲻ̫Ծɫʱ۸ˣ˵㣬ֻüʱʹһͨ˴ﵽؾô˵ģ
ʱգ֪˵ʲôˡ
ˣ
ʱ
৵ľѵǵԺˣô찡ô죡
û¡
ʾ˱𼱣漴ǰš
ŷ⣬ʱ΢㶡
٣Ƕּˣ
վһͺһ꣬˵͸һܱ
Щ죺㣡ҲԺУ
ͺ겻ǱˣڷǺڰɭʱʶˣʱΪ׽ȹһΣ֮Ī׷ɱҲæ
壬ֻ֪ͣ
Цǡ
֮ǰӱ׵Ժ߳ˣڵԺڣһ֪ס
Сֵܣǽȥ𣿡
Ц
£漴࿪ӣЦǸһʱȣˣ
˵ţݣ漴Ϸš
򣬲ǵԺĳ𣿡˴߳Ŀڻʱɫʱһ䣬ͬ˰㣬˫۵žžžžšŻӣ
ԣ춯ݡ
Żӣ
ˣ򻪷ꡣ
С׻СĻӣ㲻֪ݣ
һ㶣治֪˶٣ͻȻһ£ӷǺڰɭ߳ʱһȡһöƣʹĪںڰɭĸ˶ʱ˺ܹôһ¡
ǻӣ
򻪷ꡣ
ͷЩεЦϴҲǲѣû˼
û¡ҡҡͷǸҲɣ
һ㶣Ƕ˵⻰ɾͼˣǰôദģھôദʲôģǸƺŶѣûʲôˡ
С
Цʵ˵úܱŤ
˴ǰŻӵ£ҽ򣡡ĩˣֲ˾䣺׵ģ
׵ģЩȣʲôʱˣ˵ţֶĴָɫǶҵλŮȻ㽵ˣɲһ¶˵ʲôʱɵףʳȫûϢ
ʳ壬ֱǶμңҺңαǺ̴壬ҡԣҵĲƸΪˣĸݣǸɵйΪ׹ŻӣȻҺ˽⣬֪ܡ
ɨһۣԵûе£Ǹᡣ
Ժ棬ˡ
ڻûףԺ϶ᣡ
ͦŵ
죺
£콫Լ£򵥺˵¡
ԭȻ˶٣ˣ֮ǰ˵սɱҵͩȻ󣬸ղڵԺѯסʱЩ´ԣ㵱ڵԺɱˣ


144 粵
첢ûʲôѯʣֻǼ򵥵˵ͷ
Ϊʲôأ
ʵ
˵Լʳʱһѷ˼ʱ併ͷ۱͸ǱҲǼͨԣһǼһﶼϣֻϽһˣǣȴ˵Űɱ
£˼򵥽ȥ˵¡
һҲԵЩߣ
Ͷ죬΢Щ졣
СֵΪһ˵ز壬
͵
ҡͷ϶˵ʲôõѣһֱܶܶ࣬ڣΨһöи棬ǣ͸ȴǲãúܶԲ档
֨ѽ
ʱͻȻƿŭ˽
죡
߽ˣǺغ
ŭǰգսϵɱСүʱΪͬʱž˵츳ʣһ棬룬ŹȥնѣȻڵԺɱһˡ
ԵԺʼδ˴󵨣
߽ӣɫһƬһ̣΢΢ݣĿϣŻӣ
ͷ΢΢һϣϡ
ǻӣɱ׵ԺĳȴΪˣʶ磬ȾǿߣȻǵۻʼ˶һҲΪˣص˲㹻ʱ˵ԺҲɲˡ
غ΢΢һ֣Ǽˡ
漴죬ɫΪࣺ죬ĵδ̫Щ
죬϶һɢ
ȷʵˣʮ꣬츳׿ʦǸǣƺЩ̫ˣȫӵԺ
λϣ֮£
ɫ
ӭźغԵ÷ǳƽ
غһŭɱͬţ㻹˵

ͷ
˱飬ʹúغŭ
ʱǰһϣϣҷԺʱѾ˵ഫԣҲϸѯʹµԵɣ£λѲûʲô
ǣǻ쵰Լ
Ҳ
£ٴνȥϸ˵һ顣
غüͷһ壬졣
ȻˣҲӦʹɱ֣ȻзǷ壬վֻͷ޶ѣΪһͷ޾ɱͬţδ̫Щ

ֻ޶ѣƽʳϣǺ컻λãԺǡûнֹɱͬŵĹ򣬵õѺķ˼ʱ͸ϵﱻ˲ɱʱ
һɱˣϧļ費Ժһֱȹ򡣡
һЦԣ˵ףĲɱͬűҲԵɣģֻǹѡ
㡭
ɫһЩ̫ÿ
õ͸ҵһֱҺܶ࣬˲ɱΪνĹҾӦΪˣкȥԺѣԺѵΪ˱ȫˣ
ƽĶͺء
غɫһ䣬ԴǾȻôϬǾԷ
Աߣ˶죬Բ˫ۡ
ǽ򣬾ȻԺ϶ƿԡ
Сֹ
غɫ࣬һʱ仹治֪˵ʲô
ʱǰһϣϣȷʵѣ˵ҲԺΪǵΪ˹ˣλϿϣˡһΣ𣿡
ԺغԵúܿ
غ죬ɫһ󲻺ÿκ˶һۣǲ̾˿Ȼ³оŻ飬ε£ˡ
죬ˣǳ˵ĻеΪ˹壬ˣȷʵǵԺľӢԺΪԼӵļ޾Ϊ裬һ룬ǵӼΪ˾һЩ±໥ɱǵԺǳˣԣԺмǲٴٷȻٳɫҲ֣
ض죬ɫࡣ
лϡ΢΢һ񣬵ӿԱ֤ԲǣԼ޷֤Ƿ᲻٣壬һɱҲһ뷽跨ɱҡ
㣡
ָ죬һգȴǲɵÿЦ
ĺأҵ£Լ
ؿҲ̾˿
ʵս󣬺غϸȷʵʱ֮ɱ죬£ѾΥ˵Ժ򣬶ңʱ˵ҲʵɱͩҾԲŹ죬˲ֹңˣôʲôʸȥֹ죿
л⡣

ͷ壬ŻӴ˴ԺУЩš
ͺΪˣҳԱ˶񾴣׵ԺվǱ׹裬ԣڻһӣ˻Ǹء
鷳λϣʵҲż¡

ðɣҪŻֱԱǡ

˵ţͺ죬漴˳ȥ
ҲǲдԽͳȥ
ʱԺסѾΧˣԺԺס˵Ժʮִִ£ЩȻ֪ϵĿģΪɱ¶ʴˣ˶ſĴý
ˣ
ףôûߣ
λôôˣ
ִִҲһˣ׷У
⡭
غֱ뿪סΧ߶ɴ˫ۡ
ʬѾԺִ´ߣһ̣źغ뿪ԺסΧȫֱ˫ۡ
ۼźغԶ߻ӣ˷š
ǹȥˣ
˳˿ղԺϣʵŵĲС
壬ţлŻ顣
ҡͷңұʵûʲôҪʵǸǶԼˣȻΪӣͺʵҲظӡ
˷ۣ򣬻أҲ˵ˡ
㲻˵һˣл𣿡
Ȥ
⵹ǣҶˡ˫һ漴ֺٺЦҾ֪ҽһȣƽʱ˼ϣڱ¶˰ɣ
죺
һ׵ܵܣȻ˼ɵ˵ԼĽͱһȡ
Щ壬ʵˣŻԺУһֱסڵԺǽֻڵԺ
ֻż¶ѣס
Ц
ͷ⵹Ǻµò࣬ϾҲסԺ


145 ҫƨ
Ժ󲻶ñȥˣԼĻ˵֮ԽԺһΪ˵ˣһۡԭһԸʲôģ֪鲻̫ãǱûжᡣ
ʲôʱʶľŻӣòŸʳǲð
Щɻ
ǰڷʱ£ҰҲңʶˡ

£ҲûʲôģοǶ׵ܵܡ
˵ͷԭҼǵþŻ֮ǰȥ߽ˣʱǣ˳ȥڰɭ°ɣŻƽʱͦöġ
ɡ
ͷ
쵽ʱգգۣʵȥԷ
ˣ붯
ҡͷ
ڣûʲô顣
ȥ
˵
䣬Ҳܾ˱˳ȥ
ܳȥЦҡҡͷһͦ˼
ʱ»˺ܶǳݳ޵ʳֻɫʳ󶯡ȻҲʲô˶ˣ˷ѶԷһ⣬ֻһ
ˣѾˣ㲻ȥ
ʵ
ȥȥؽ򶨺ܣȹ˵һҹ
ɫ
˵⻰ЩЦãȴҲЩж
Ǿסɡ˵˶٣ˣˣ£Żӽʮ꣬Ϊô죬ǻӣĵرӦòٰɣ
ͩõҩӦҲûǡ
Ͳ֪ˣҿǺģӾԲʹõҩȶΪ֪ˣܵϿĴ
˵
Ȼû
ˣͻȻֵأܹҿԺĴţʲƸõҩӦ㹻ﵽ˰ɣΪʲôҲǼ
ЩΣǡ
ţ
һ㶣¶ˣ
Ĩߵͣ˲֣ŵҴѾܾãŮȨһͬѡˣҽһǲҽ׵ܵܣΪ˹ƽȻֱõҩϾǿѾܲˣؼʱԸı¡ҿԺţǮҽԼģҲǼܽܵ͵ߣϾ˵ԺҲÿԼΪ硣
ԭˡ
ͷ
һ룬ǾЩ죬ҾȻŮȨ
漴ˣɵŬˣɱʧ
ŬǱȻģ˴յǰٺЦⲻǻн𣬽϶᲻ҽ㣬нһж׵ģ
죺
һǺЦ
ʲôҪæǲܾ
ʱǳ˸ſž˯˹ȥ
վڴӱߣ̧ͷϵǳһҹԲǹŨЩʱŨȴûʲôο˻
ֺչ˫ۣҲſϿʼϢ
ⷿĴܿˣȫ⡣
գɫ߳䣬ӭųɡһֱϰߣ糿ʱһңĺ;涼ż洦
ֹȥһʱͣ
硣
˯ۡ
⻹磿
ȥȥȥ
ʵ
ôһ˵˶ʱ˫һæȥȥȥȥȻô˵ˣȻҪһȥɳ磬һ㣬ܹס
һЩ

ϣ
˿ʮϴ
ͷ߳ţȥ
һҹѾ˹
߳ԺסȥڵԺڣ;˲ٵԺӣЩӿ󣬼һɫǼɵǾηʮڣɱԺͬţȴʲôҲûУɺúõģܲľ
ܿ죬
󲿷ֵӶݡ
һǸ죡
ǸɱСүɱĺˣ
ԣ
⡭ǰ
ɱ˶£ԺʷϿɴδй
˶죬һη
ʱһ𣺡׵Ժ˲عأɱͬţδԺɣǾһηǲ֪νֲعصĶˣպΪгɣͲ¸𣡡
ѰȥֻԶվŸӣ磬һ֮״
ԺĽ
һˣԼ飬Ϊǿϲѵˡ
һΪǵ
С
ӣ˵Ϊȷʵȥƺ졣ȻֻǵɨۣûԷĻ
㿴Σѵ˵ʲôĽߵԺȷֹͬŲɱȴһٷԼôһϵ˿عأɱ޹оѵջָΪʲôײɣ
ü˳Դҩˣ
ԱߣһˬĽ֪ͩаɱҽ죬򲻹ǻֶѣ֪֪ɱ˽£״˭
Ľһͩ׷ɱڻúõĻţͩȴʵʵڱɱ䣬ֻɱһͷѣȣȴֱɱ䣬б
ĹԣҸʲôôڮҽ򡣡
˺ɱͩɱ䣬ԺĺسϺ϶Ľȴ·һдߣ·׼֮ˣʵúǲˬ
ĽɫһôֻǿǵȲعصĶ˶ѣùҵʲôôݵң
˭֪أ˺ôѵԼϣҿͲʲôö
˺ߵ
Ľһŭһ絽ǰױʫ飬Ҿ֧˳ԺȴԼ֮·˽յĳɾͣΪԺԺһԱˣȴʼɼһ£϶Ե죬¶ԵأңҵǸ
ˣǷǲ֣˼˵ʲôױʫ飿ޣ˼˵ʲôԼΪԺһԱú˲ҽֻ˼±ڴﵽأҲûҫʲôɾͣҫƨΪǣ
ĽΪǿǿ˺ܶ࣬ҲǱ׹һ̴һүǲĽ
㣡ĽɫһһףԺѵˣȴδ˷ͳССͣŸյʮ꣬ȴ˶ײʦ֣ҽղҪ㸸ĸʦѵѵ㡣
˵ţĻ֣̌ץˡ
ɫһ䣬ǰһץסĽ
ʲô
Ľȵ

ӱ䣬һĽ
ĽֻΪǵľԣʵô⣬ԭҲûҪԷĽȴǶ˶֣ʲôҪ˵ĸĸʦѵѵˣֱŭ


146 Ժ
Ľһֱֻţһֻȥ񵲣߳ײһ𣬶ʱ䣬һɴϯһԶ
һĻ˽ɫһ䡣
⡭
ĽԺпǰʮȻܽĽˣ
ǿ
ˬΪǵĽѵˣͿ˳ˡ
۷׷ס
Ľɫ࣬ȵ㾹ҳ֣
Σ㲻Ƕʥ𣬸ղ˭ȶ֣˭Ĵ

ĽɨһˣʱʦԽ߽ϰӣΪȴʦ֣ΪԵѵһ£֮Ϊд㣬ҲȴҶ֣ϴ
ĺЦֻǣȴǲм
ԲУǶɵˣ
ʵ
˵ʲô
Ľɫһ
ǰһĵ£϶δ˵ʲôʲôҲָֻţ⣬˵ûˣҲ˵ʲôױʫ飿ʫȶ㶥Ϊǰˡ
˽ӹԲУ׳գΪǣ
Ľɫ࣬Ժѵˣȴδ
úúãǺõúܣգұúýѵѵˣף˵عأ˵öǣ
Ľȳ
ȻһЦ׳գ
һգǰһʱɢ
ʲô
ʱһ
ԶеԺִִ¿ߵ˹
Χ߶һʱɢȥ١
쵭ĮɨһĽתſɳȥ
ߡ
˵
˵ͷĽɵ⣡
ĽʱȴѾ뿪ԭأңԶִִ˹ʲô˵ıӰգĽŭһһ䣬Ҳѭһ뿪
˸ɫˣˬ죡һ룬ӸսԺʱ͵͵ĳλƯʦһۣѵ˰죡
ʲôҵ˵Ժһ֦ͱͷŭһ١
˵ĲǸ׳գ⣡
ˬڿԱˡ
죬ǸˣʵȤ
ٵӵЦ

ʱѾ˽뵽˿ɳ磬ķͻɳ˷ϯ¡¡ڶ졣
оΡ
ʵ
֪˵Ľ£ˬҲˬҪһ߷ǼһǾͺˣ
ǾŬǿһԪҲ˵ҶıӻὥԼӦƬɳ硣ȻһƺһȣܳܵķɳҶٻ
õĽ򣡡
ɫ
ͷԪ
˶ʱһֻоͷϷ·𱳶һʯ˫Ǳóͬעˮһ㡣ʱɳоһʹ
ʱ޺𣬻ɱݻ޳˹
ﬣ
Х̶ն׽۷ϵȫնɱȥӦԡ
˴ȣڶԿɳͬʱʩչһͷͷ޲̣Եúܼգʱʱ޻ˣȴֻǼ򵥵Ŀš
Ѿӻͣӿķɳ֮ﵽĿǰܳܵļޣʱ򣬱ܳޣԣԴΪĿ꣬ŬЩ

ǵĽ򣡡
˴ȡ
쿴ˣԵͷһ㲻͵¿ࡣ
ԼȥʱЩ֧Ųסˣ˳ȥ
ô
ʵ
չ˫ۣЩʹоõĺôҲ١ڿɳһɳ֮⣬һ߶սޣʵߡ
ͷȷʵоǿһЩȻҲֻһЩѡ룬˵գڵԺҿӡƣĴ࣬ȡЩﵽء
Ʋʲôڿ̻ס
ƣٶȵƣ
ǰһ
ͷԡ
һ׵ܵܣҲǲʴˣܰһǲġңƲʲô˲õƣʦҲᣬ㲻ʲô
̫ˣлл򣡡
˶ʱϲ
컹ǿʦ£ȻѾ֪Բ⡣
գʯȡϣӡʮƸˣļʱȥÿοһȫĴ࣬ʲôʱﵽأȥɳһԡ
õĽ򣡡
æͷ
һʱУƺʹ͵һŨȣƽŨ˴Լ
ģ񡣡
ѡ
ǣ
һһܿƽ
ܹڸʮʱﵽ죬ʵ˵츳һ㲻츳ĲΣ˿̾ϵϢʱʼǿȻУһҲʱʱĺʹһ졣
ЦЦ˿Щ
£ڰ٣ٴα
һʱ䣬ôȥ
ʱÿնȥĺǳ⼸գǿ˲٣ǿԿʼȭȴǲ׼ǿֲſʼ
֮סһǿϢͻأ
ҵˣ
˵Ļϲ

Ц
˫۷ȥɳ翴
Ȼ˵飬ͻһС磬һԵǰս
У߰ɡ
ͷ

յдȥ;丮ʱ࣬ɺܿ
ˣһºܿȥ
һ죬ԺΪȫԺ֮յˣ
Ժɽзտ봣һԵЩ׳ǵԺĻɱԺÿһεĴȣɱھСɱ⣬һ޴ʯܼ֣ʯ
ʱɱѾۼ˲ˣһԵı飬һЩ˷ܺڴϾεĴȣܼԼԺۺˮ׼
˵ҪҪδȡ
˺Ҳˡ
ԺȻÿ½һδȣǷμӣջǵÿԺӱϾЩ˾ûвμӵıҪ紦ʯǰˣЩ˵μʲô仯ԣβμӴȶһһЩˣ֪δͻһδʱļޣǰҲǲμӡ
Щ棺ΪʲôҪ
ЩΣǸҲǲҪǲ׼ǵ׵һˣϾΪԺ˲࣬ЩڵļһﲻȥԣǾ͵õˣҲ̫ˡ
죺
һûе
ͻȻȺ֣˶һһ
ҵ塣
˵


147 ʼ
Ϊ׵ԺԺĵӣԺҲǰ֮УΪգˣΪҪһڴȺŵʲôϣΪɱܵܣһҪɱ졣
һ䡣
ֹ
ѭָķȥֻһϯµһ£ԱĿɨ
ߣ
һͬһ˿Цɨ塣
ˣһɱ
ʱкԱʱҪҺܶ౶
꣡λ콾ŮȻԺˣ
ĿС
ƫͷֻԶһŮͣһʯԱߡ
Ǽ꣡
׵Ժһֹ˽룬ɼȴǲڴУڣԺͲü춼Ҫ֪ԺһЩǣԵȥ붼û
ʯߣĿɨӣƺѰʲôܿ죬ǿ죬ԶԶĳķչһЦ˻֪֡Ǳ׵Ժȵӣˣ뿴һܹȡʲôĳɼ
գգۣƺרΪ
ܾ࣬ﲻ̫ԡ

ɲΪԼƷλʳǵһ콾ŮɵΪʲôʵЩ벻͸Щһܸо֡
ͻȻ󽫾Ůڿңһ֣˵ǲֱ˧ˣ
죺
˵𣿣㿴ֳҿˣ˵ǲǶ˼⡭ѵǴ˵еһ飿
˼ˡ
ƨӣϹʲôһ飬Ҫ㸱Ӳ
ЩĲˣҲͱҴ󼸸¶ѣôƨҡУҶԼĳǳţҪӣῴҿǺ˧֪ˮڵĹǶô˵
죺
Զ£ɨ˼һۣøӱ䡣ΪŮˣܵͩŻΪУŻȥ׷ɱ죬ŻС
죡
ҧһƬ
ʱɱܵȺһɧ
Ľ˼ǣϣĸԺǿ߾Ȼˡ
ɶԺǰʮˣʯǰʮ
ĸ֣
۷׷ס
̧ͷȥֻǱ߳ĸˣоĽ˶ĽһЩ룬һЩϵҲǶĽָָ㡣
ɵ⣬Ѿǵ񹲷ˣûԸύ
ֻ
ͷĽٲȻһˣ׳ղԸ֮ύ
ʱ򣬻ɱǰеԺִվ˳
ִΪһˣΪԼأɨһ˺󣬵ڿʼɱÿοͬʱʮˣҪ˵ˣ׼ڡ
껰䣬ȥ
ĽС
ÿζôҲ֪˭
˼ÿζʵȷʵ
С
ϵۡ
˶һۣɵҡͷĽǳ
⵹˵ĽǶˣֻ̫̫ΪǣϲԼΪȥѵˣö֮ǵı˺Ƿк
ˣȿʼ
ִºȵ
ʱĽʮ˶˻ɱڡ
ɱڣҲ޴Ļɱ⻹ĳЩ󷨣ԺӽɱܻһƬռ䣬ռȫޣȼһȡɱĵЩɱʯᰴոնɱ޵ȼۺ˵ɱͬʱ˸ӵսٶȣӦԪ͸֪ȸˮ׼
ɱ⻪ƣһӴԼ˳Щ֮ԱΪԪľΪɱףЩڻɱ֧ŵʱ̣ܶǷǳĿʲô
Ͼ

ϵӵ
һֵĶʮˣȴĽԺϵ⣬඼
ԼȥһӣʮŸȫ˳
󣬻ɱ⣬һâ˸Ľ˳ɫ΢΢Щ԰סĽһߵȥֻԼִӵʮλʮĵ˵ͷ¶Щ֮ɫ
ǰ
Ȼᣬʵȴǲ

ϵӵ
˼һΣ˼ǺԺһڵڶֽɱˡú󣬵ڶֿ˽˵ڣ˼Ǵʮʮ΢΢̾˿
ԶĽҡͷԣ֪ŬܷǱȻ
˵ʲô
˼ΪĽҲԶĽ
Ľ˵еʵմմϲ֪Ŭǰѵ˵ȥһЩ¥Ϸ棬иԲŻ󣬱ҳԽں㣬ʶ⣬Ͷһиá
㣡
˼ŭνڱǺȰ˷ֱʯʮ˺ʮţ˼ϵǲ

ߡ
ŭĽ˼ǺϺߡ
˼뿪ĽҡҡͷʶⲻȰ棬ˡ
ԱߣһЩϵ粽ԶĽ
һǼƷ
˵ۡ
ҲǺգĽӱżˡ
֣Ҫ˵ˣ
ִµ
룬ûԥվ
ҡ
˵
õĽ򣡡
æͷ
յദ˶ĳƺѾϰˣҲ˾ʲôġŻɱȥ˼ֶ£ƫͷżķȥ
꿴ЦŻ˻֣˶촽
ѾصΪһЩ򵥵촽Ȼϵãڶ˵͡գգۣӺףߵɱǰһСƽ̨ϡ
ĽԭѾ׼Ҫ뿪˿ֿ̿ˣʱͣſͲأҵҪȡúεȳɼ
ʼ
ִ¿ڣʮˣһɱڡ
ʼһɱڣܵĳʱͱˣ˿̣췢ԼһԭϣԭޣǻĿ
𣡡
޴𣬶ʱ䣬ʮ˹ôضڻζ
ʵ
졣
䣬гһն˹ȥ
ܷȴֻͨУΪȫԺȣƽԱ֤ԣ˵ĵʹõ似һɶͨңЩͨȫɵԺ׼Էֹ˵ĵڱ϶ֽš
ۣ
Ѫӭһͷޱնʱڵϡ
ȴδʹȴƲĳЩ޶ǻɱݻʵʵ޼ȴûκε֪η壬֪ŭ֪ˣͿ졣


148 ʮ
ųʮͻһն¡¡
𣡡
ѹ졣
췴֣һնͷ޵ͷ­
Щ޴඼ͨɱǣֵ󡣡

룬ܣһתĿⶢסһͷͷļޡ
ɱ
Хһһᴩһͷļ޵üġ
ܿ죬Сӹȥ
ɱǰƽ̨ϣһһ߱ͳɫЩ԰ףֹȥãһʮȫͳɱǲ˿ȥ
ֶ֪ܼá
ɱͩɱ䣬ʵǿӦִܼʱ
ӦһҰɡ
ɱ⣬۷׷ס
Ÿ׵Ժãսɱҵͩɱ䣬һʱνﱱ׵Ժ֪ˣûм
ȺУһɫ̫ÿǶźˣԭһսһˣӦ˹עǣĳȴзͷֻǵ죬һͷȫĹâڸǹȥˡ
Ǹعصˣȴܹע֪νǲ֪ν
Ľҡͷ
ԱߣһЩϵӶʱԶĽһЩմϰϵ

ɱڣųһһɱնļļޡ
׽תޣһǿٸ֪ܵ޵ĵȼһ߱ڻԭϣһѰļޣŻ
ۣ
һļĽ¡
ܿ죬һӹȥܹնɱͷޣоų϶ļޡ
ģʱţоԪЩ֧ˡ
ټС֡

һлһƾâһնߡ
וּһһâǱߵһͷļնɱ
ѾЩˮ̧Ĩһ£Ŀȴһֱܡгһ˿˿绡˸ٴγ˳ȥһڻɱһͷļ޵ͬʱļͷҲһɱ
ģСӿҪȥ
ʱһ˵Զһͷнɵ޳֣һ˫ʳɫ鲼īɫۼףһּΪɭĸо
弶еޣ۲򡣡
˫ۡ
Ը֪Ԫһгʱ͵ԪڳϣһԾʩչ֮ž۲ɱȥ
ۣ
һĨѪþԪ۲ĺᴩ
ͬһʱ䣬۲צҲϣټԪ׺ľʱ䣬οʼ鵭һߡ
Ϊֹˡ

һ̣âһӻԭʧͳɱ
֣ɱܣ˶˹ȥ
ʱܲˣӦŵһ㼸λӡ
ɼЩ졣
һ˵ʵЩˡ
Ⱥ۷׷ס
Ľҡҡͷֻڻɱ֧˰ʱѣкξˣ֪νŵһִȣڻɱ֧һʱʱ
ϣҪˡ
ʮò࡭ţʮţ
ϵ˶ɴ˫ۡ
ôܣ
ʱֵôŵʮȥ
ԺȻ˽Ժӣ
˶ˡ
˶죬ǳ֮⣺ǽ̫ˣ
ǿء
ԶʯߣգգۣĿ⡣
겻ڱ׵ԺУǹڱ׵ԺȴǺ֪뱱׵ԺڵһδŵʮλˣԺʷϿɴδй
һߣɫԵò̫ÿˣΪ
ִ³ϡһĽվɨ󣬶ִµӦǻˣֻڻɱ֧СʱŵʮλȥΪ˹ȡĳɼһΡ
˻һ˶˹ȥ
ˡ
һ˵ЩϾֻ֧Сʱ
⵹Ҳǣִ´ô˵ɡ
˶ǰ
ɨ죬Ľٴοڣִ³ϣ²ԡ
ԶŭĲУ˵ȡôĳɼĽȴ˵ˣִ³²죬ʵŭ
ɱǰִ³ϵɨĽͲģʯ
Ľüܣ֧Сʱʱ䣬һ㼸λǰʮûһϣ˵ţĽú£ִ³ϣԹΪĪҪ˿ӡ
죡ִĮɨĽڻɱȻֻ֧СʱСʱڣȴļնɱۻɱļ޺һۺȻߣŵʮź
׵ԺĻɱܲһ㣬ִƹɱֶοԿɱڵĵԺǿʱĳȻԺãڵԺȴǲִȻǿ¡
ʲôɱĶļޣ
ִµĻ˶ɫһ䡣
⡭
죬ɵõɴ˫ۡ
ڻɱڣǵصϮɱеĿ˵һ㶼ʲôޱɱʲôޣЩУļ޲࣬ǶޡΪٵ϶ˣԣͨԿڻɱ֧ŵʱжϿߵĴųɼǣЩ˲뵽Ȼڻɱ޵ʱרȥѰļɱ
Ҫ֪ǼΪ°һѡִ򷨣ûʲôôңļҲǺǿûôɱɾˣȴս嵽ʮ°Ͳ
̬
˵
Ժܴﵽ˳ɼٸһ꣬Ժû⡣

ôչһϻʳǷư񶼺пܰ
𺳡
ִ죬ͣ죬ʯϵλôﵽǰʮѧԺ涨ѡһԺսʤˣȡ˳ΪԺһԱȻǰˣҲʧʲô
ͷһߵ
һʱѡʱ䡣
ִµ
䣬ȴѾƫͷѡˡ
ô죿ִһ㶣漴ȻҡͷЦĿ˳ɼ£ˣ£Ȼù࿼ǡ
ǰʮĵӣҪѡһԺսȻѡԺĩˣⲢҪʲôԥ˼Ͼսĩɺס
ٵӳȥǶסڵڰʮǸ֣ƽеͦڷܣǰԺΣΣˡ
ԺУʵΪҲû취¡
ҡͷ
ȺҲˣĩˣȻ֪Լʱ޷ϼǰûвȣδʱȴÿζۿ˻ᳬԽǰʮ룬δȣ˿ǰʮʱ죬ɫúǲ԰ף֪ԼαضԺˣϾѾ˵ԺңŵʮλսȻҲǿࡣ
ˡ
૵ԵЩίͿ
ʱɱǰƽ̨ϣѡĽ


149 һȭ֮
Ľ
˶һ㶣ȻѡĽ

˱һŹ֣Ϊʱ򣬾ԣǸ˶ѡڵڰʮλŶԣ죬ȻѡڵʮĽԶ˶ǵ˵ۣǾȵı顣
ôѡĽǿɲǸ
Ȼȷʵ˳ĽĽĺǿ
ѵ˼йڣ
⣬Ը񣬻пܡ
йڣҲʵ̫ˡ
˽ҡͷ
˸һ˲˲Ķ죬۾һգһգģΪԼˡ
ĽִºȳһɫͲÿѾ׼Ҫ뿪Ǵ˿̣ĻʱͣոԵࡣ첻ѡԺĩȴѡԺǰеһŭ
ִЩ죺ѡĽȷ
ȷ
ͷ漴һߵĽ
Ƿ
Ľ죬ֻһŭоԼˡ
쵭ĮɨĽ˲ˣĺܿ˳ۡ
ʱܣ˵ı鶼Ƿ⾫ʡ
˼һȻѡĽˬˣҲȲʣ
һ
Ҳ
ЩԺϵЦ
ЩĽɫֱ࣬¡
ִ죬ʵȷˣ
ġ
ҡͷ
ִʼ磬ðɣҸһʱʱָԪһʱ󣬾ڻɱⷽƽ̨ϽжսʤˣԺĽԺˣĽԺ㣬ҲԺ
ס
ͷ
ãȥɡ
ִµ
ͷߵһߣϥ£ȡһöԪʼָԪ
Ľԭأսȭͷϵʮȴһʮŵսʵ޹⣺ûûСأ
ĽԱ߲Զ˼һġ
Զʯߣ궢ķգգۡ
Ȥ
˵ţʯϵĻҳԹԵ
ɱŲٵԺΧߣȻĳɼ죬ȻҪսĽȴкܶ˵ĿһֱڼϣһҲԸ뿪
ҪܰһҲԸ⡣
૵
£ֱֱĶ죬Ӻ
ˣڽеֿˣȥ˵ˣǰ
ִµ
ָԪһʱʱ䣬ʱΣִ²˶ָԪٻٿһ֡
ִ»£ȥ
һֵĶʮˣź˱С
Ҳ
źҧ
⻪һֿ˵ȫɱ
ܿ죬ֿ˽һּܿΨжź˵ĳɼһλ
ԣɼܲˡ
ǰ츳ߣܾˣ

ϵۡ
һпϵۣԴͺ;ȣʱڶź˶ȴЩ̶սϣǵһˣڵһȴڵʮţ֮Ĳʵ̫ˡ

ź˰ŭֱ뿪
һֵĿ˽˰ʱɨһߵһۣ컹ڻָԪټһֱֿ֣˽ڣվ
ˣ
ִʵ
ˡ
ͷ
˵ţϻɱǰƽ̨ϣɨĪ
Ľ
ִµ
Ľ죬һϻɱǰƽ̨
ⷽƽ̨Լʮƽ˶սǳĺʡ
أ
죬Ľ
һ㶣漴ЦˣĽʵ̫Ϊˣɵð룬νѵ㣿ίʵЩǡĽһĽʦ֣ıȶЩģҪͷɡ
ԣ˶һͷ
ʲô˼
Ľ
˵һսߣԺڣٲѧԺĴȣҲ˵սΣڶܽԺԺΣ
ԣΧ߶һ
⡭
𺳡
սΣڶܽԺԺעЩ
Ľ죬ɫһࡣ
ôң
ۡ
ĽһкβңֻÿϧˡȲصˣȻʵɽԺԺȴǸҾΪ׵Ժⲻص˽ԺڣȻֻ꣬Ҳӡ
ͬͬ⣬α˵ôϻ

㡭
Ľɫһֻ࣬Ķ졣
ִ¶νĲͷüüͷȻĽûʲôȻҲ˵ʲô
ʼ
ִµ
ִ»һ䣬ʱ䣬ƽ̨ܣΧ߶
ʦܣͣȥ
֣ҵΪȲʣ

ɵ
ȥ
һΧߴ󺰡
Щ첻ɵһЦĽȴɫĲС
ڣ֪Լж˰ɡ
쵭
Ľɫһ䣬ǲ֪ν
֪νЦ˭֪ν
̡
Ҫ˵ϻĽ˫֣ʦ֣һУһ֮ٺúýѵѵ㣬˵عأһһ
һ㶣һУȷ
Ľߣ˫վԭأȻȳС
ʦܣȥ
ǣ˵һУǾ͸ӣһУ
ԣӣ
塣
ʵ˵ЩȻܲˬĽȴ֪Ľĺǿ󣬱ϾǿߣʤĽ˭ǿĽ˳أܴ˶ܣȴȲʡ
ЩɵдЦ
ҵģӡ
Ľ
Ľɫһ÷ѿֻоջġһУǴЩ˿˵ȴڸӣʵھúѻ
춢Ľȭ
ȭ

ϵ似ȭδйԪתѹȴѾϤЩ˿̣ȭԪٳȭ˻۶ȥ
һΣҪһУ
Ľ
ߣ
Ľ˫վԭء
һҲվԭزȭȴֱһȭӳ
ʱ䣬һĿĴȭ˱类Ľ
ǣ
ɫ
ʱǴĿĹѾĽߣЩˡĽɫһ䣬æ̧˫۸񵲣ϧȭ̫죬̫ͣǿֱֲĴһ֮սƽ̨⡣
һĻļ˵ɴ˫ۡ
⣬⡭
ʤʤˣ
ֻһȭȻǸ˶սƽ̨⣡
ҵ졭
˶ˡ


150 һȥ
һȭֻһȭѣȻͽĽ˶ս̨˶ɴ˫ۣһŵı顣

Զ궼ݣ¶ɫϾضѣĽһС磬Ȳ£컹һʵǺ𺳡
ߣɭ䣬ɨһۺ󣬾ֱ뿪ֻΪ˿ĴȽ񣬽ѳûбҪ£Ҳ

սƽ̨ߣͻȻһڡ
ʦܣ㳬ˣ
˧
ɵƯ
ܡ
Щ˾ǿսˬһȭ㽫Ľ˳ȥ
ػɱִ¶죬һȣղǼȭȻﵽ˿ȭĳ̶ȣִⱱ׵Ժ꣬ڵԺһЩ似Ȼȭ൱µһֱ似似ʽ̫٣Ҫ̫̣Լѡû뵽أȻȭˡ
ǸС
ִ¿Ц
ʱһŭ𣺡Ҳ
Ľŭ졣
ִüкβ
һУȴȱɵֶ͵ϮңҪ
Ľ
⻰һʱһ
⻰Ҳ˵ó
ƤǺ񰡡
㻹ǻס·ɣӣɲʡ
ȺЦ
ĽһǼȭɣѾǲƲؤ㡣
ЩĽɫһࡣ
ִ
Ľһս˱ԤʾԺȥԺУպԺԴҲܲȴĽǷ츲صı仯һֻš
ִµɨĽѳƽ˵ţִµڿʼΪԺӣԼԺʰᵽԺȥ
ִ´ˣ
ˣ
ִЩ͡
Ľʱɫ԰ףһ󷢶ԭȻԺҲǰУȴҪϳԺˣԺͻȻоһ־Ϯ
ˣǵĶԼڣ㲻ɲκδȡ

Ľһɫ԰׵㣬겻ܲκδȣ갡ٹ꣬͵ôӱ׵Ժ뿪ˣҲ˵ڱ׵ԺѾûκǰ·
ӭԺ
ѣȹ
ǵԺ̵ǡ
Ⱥٴκ֡
ЩĽֻջģһϯ۵һȳһѪ˷·ʱ˥ʮ꣬һʧǵȥ
ˬ
벻Ҳнգ
ԺôΪǵĺȳˣ˴ԺߵԺػݺһʱɡ
ȺЦ
˶죬һȲʣ治˳˿
ִ죬Ц죬ԺһԱˣ֮һȥʾԼһȥӸµԺƣ֮ٴԺסᵽԺȥԺӵһԴ㳨
ִµܣ󲿷ֵӶͶĽ֮ɫ
ϲʦܡ
ʦܣЩԺǿ㣡
ԣ
ף
˵ͷһ룬Լͷ׿
ִ£˵ǰסɷð᣿
ִһ㶣ȷʵԲðᣬϾѾԺӣѧԺǿԺһԺסᵽԺסԺסҪԺ࣬㲻ȥ
ϰһطˣĻ̫鷳
Ц
һ㶣漴һЦ⵹Ǹϰߣרһ
캹գרһӰȥ̫鷳ѡ
ʦ治
Ժӵ
Աߣ˶ͷ
ǻ˴ԺͻȻԺӣưͲ̴ԺסᵽԺסȥȴǲˣԸһֱסԺסһЩԺӶǺøжȴ
ִ£ǰȸˡ
Уȥɡ
ִЦ
ʵȴǲִ꣬Ȼǿĺ˳ۡ
ͷ¶ս̨һȥ
̫˧ˣ
˹
ġ
Ц
ѾϤˣǲ̫н
̧ͷʯߣڶǳЦ
㿴ڿң
˼
죺
ôļһ˶٣żǱȥ

˺档
첻ֱǰȥ
ս̨λọ̀ʮǰ
ǸҴȣ
˵
˵ء
գգۡ
ʱЩΣͷҲӦǡ
ӣ

ԭһֱż򣬴˿̼߹ȥĺͼ죬ԿϵĻЦʱȺĿɿڴ㵱ʯ
⡭
ôͣʹ󽫾ŮǸ
ʶ𣿡
ղһ֣λ콾ŮôͻȻԺˣڿѵѵΪǸһ
ȥ񰡣
ˣʱλҲˣҶһ֣˽ҲħȴʱΪΪҵСүڿòƲòƣǸʱҲΪ찡
ҵ졭⣬ˡ
һϵµȫɴ˫ۣػɱִҲһ󾪺ŵĶǰһĻ
ʲôˣǿǼϽŮʳǵһ콾Ůư׵ԺĳǸεԺУһݷҫʹûʳǵ˶Լ֪˶ԣϵǳǴ˿̣쾹Ȼǳ֮ǰһȭĽ𾪡
ȺУԭȥлллûѡսɴ˿̣ͼվһʱȴֹס˽ŲɫʵܲȣǾͲ̫࣬û߹ȥ
˵ֱ˫ۣߡ
ʶ
˾
ô߹ͼһ˵ЦռãɵҲ֪˲ǵһμ棬ܹˣ
ͷ
ȴ΢΢ɫˣ죺Ǹ򣿡
ҽеģҺϵڷһܺõѡ
͵
֪ΪʲôüıͻȻùֵֹġ
Ŷ𣿡
գգֳۣЦݡ


Щ򣬲ƲϵģҺģ
ðߣһߴȥ
ˣЦЦ
£꿴죬ţҪҪһȥߣ
˵ۣǸ꣬Ȼһһȥߣ
΢΢һ㶣漴ͷС
궼ˣôܾܾ
߰ɡ

ͷ˲糯ŵԺȥֻһ㶵ԭء
ͬһʱ䣬ܣеԺӶˡ
ȥ
Ǽһλ콾Ůӣһˣ
ô£ͻȻĳ嶯
֣Ҳǡ
ǸҲָо
˵ֱ˫ۡ


151 Ҫ
żһ˵ֱ˵£뿪˻ɱķΧ
һ𣬾ԺһЩʱʱʱһ
ǼꣿȻһһ𣿡
⡭þɣ
þƨģǣô
һ
ͼԺ⣬ûϹ
һѹ󡣡
캹ա
㲻ϲ
գգۡ
ͷǲϲ
Ǿϲˡ
Σðɣϲ
ǸӣŮһ˵ϲ϶Щ١
ǳǳЦЦǾͺá
ܿ죬߳˵ԺķΧڽֵϼ򵥵š
Ѿˣٶȿ졣
ǵʳʱΪһʱѣȴѾﵽأٶЩȡ
á
Ц
ȴҡҡͷ£ɲУô򵥣ҾͲţƽ̿ࡣ
ǿ̿ɡ

˵ƽȷʵǳŬ
ڽϣе㿡ΣŮվ֪˶پ޵Ŀ⡣
ףԺԵʲôɣϲʲô
Ц
ʲôУҲʳ

ЦЦǻȥϵطɡ
£ȥһյСУüĻ˵оһЩ
С㣬ˣ
С㣬ҪʲôС磬ð
³ˮСҪҪһ㣿
Сߣһ顣
գȥСһľ¥վڶ¥ϣܿԶ
ʲô㣬ҵġ
գգۡ
ͻȻãίʵЩɰ
ú󣬷ͦҲͦɿڡ
͵ףܿȥ߳¥ڽֵϣ޵еšΪʱ磬Ÿչ磬ԣ첻ŻصԺҲŻؽȻ󣬼ߡ
˵쵹ǾãǼԼ
ֵߣ˵Ŀʼϣָָ㣬۷׷סԴˣѾϰߣô⣬żͷżꡣЩ֣λ콾Ůδ̫Щ
ʲô
ƫͷ
Ǹ
ͷЩ˼ܲ˵ڿɣ
ʵ
͵ЦȴԵЩĵӡ
Щ׽͸ˣֻڨڨӡ
˵𣬾ݴ۱
ȷ
Ȼǻм٣
۱
£۱ȻȼıǿǱȱǿĴڣʹóߵսһңҲڰϡ
ˣ˵ջһʲô滨ӻ˥ϣʹճפ
һүǣ̸
УⶼϢ󣬻ʳǵһЩСǶȥȻҲԼȥСķˣЩǣɫɺõúܡ
ףôһ˵е
֪ͺãϽߡ
ߣȥ
Զţܿͳž۱ȥ
ԭѾ׼뿪ȴͣͣŲ۾۱ķ
һȥ
ʵ
Ҳܲµʲôӻ˥ϣʹճפκһŮԶмջȻǼ콾ŮҲЩҪ
𣿡
ʵ۾ȴЩ
ȻҲûʲô¡
Ц
żʱӣ쵹ǾúȤ
Ǿȥ
ͷ
£ѭһ򣬺ܿ˾۱
۱װμΪݻڲռҲǴЩˣͼ󣬳ܿ£һỤ̊ʣɻйңͼȻѰĵطϾ̫עĿˡ
е⻹ʣһңҪۡŮ̵ͷǵỹдԼʱŻʽʼⷽ򣬿ԵǱߵľһ
˵ţŮָһߣѾۼ˲ˣŶǺܹʡ
ҪʲôңͨλþС

ҡͷЦô˵ҲǺͻʳǵһ콾ŮУί
궢죬գգ۵͵ǱЩŮӻˡ
ʵʵ
ε
Ů̵Ĵ£ܿ
ǧң
ҳǧ
ǧ٣
ҳǧ
ǧһ٣
طмʱʱ
ҡҡͷ۱ǻʳһҾȻôֵǮ
һҡ

ʱ䣬˶
һң
ֱӱһңЩ˰
궼죺ôôߣǮ𣿡
еǮɡ
űЦʯУǻҡ
һ̣ط˶ʶЩһ
С㣿
λС㣬Ȼһӡ
˲졣
ȻǸطҲһȣʳǵһ콾ŮȻһһʵ죬Ҫǣ´죬ȴǲûڻʳôһǾ档
˶٣巴Ӧɻ˼Ӽۣ
ȺԵúܰ˶ż꣬ûټӼۡЩ˴඼ֻẠ̊́ȻǮ٣ɼȴô޴񣬼ȻżһЩȻøЩӣңļ۸Ҳίʵߵľˡ
ҡ
ͻȻԶһ
ֻһ˹߸һλŮӣԵúġ
ˣ
΢΢һ
ԱߣҲ𺳡
ٴˣ׿ʦ֮Ŀţ
˵
Ϊ٣ʮӣ߹ɨ󣬶żЦ벻С㾹Ȼп۱ʵ˾ȣͨλöȻ䲻ϼС㣬۱õĹҵǵ治ҲǾ㽫Ҷ£Сһɺã
ٲ׿ʦһǻʳ֮һҵĿ䣬ݵλܳȻȻԼҲԵúܴݡڼԵ죬ֱˣĵλʳЩˣ֪ȴǸڴУŹôһˣԣ⡣
ûȤ

䣬˺һվһЩ
Сȴһȡ콾Ůżȴʱ˵ȻǽĹǡһ˶ԣ΢СĶɾкܴ塣
ӣ΢΢ЦЦ
ңһҪȡ
򡣡
˵
һЩĿ죬вĸү־Ȼô£ɵȴôҲ벻ʳйôһ
ˣ⡭
١
׿ʦһҿ䣬ȻڻʳҲǸ٣ԵС
򡣡ٵ˾䣬䣬ɨ죺СӣҪ͵ҪԼܹʲôܹʲôɶǺͼһ𣬿ȴɲС
һ㶣漴Цˡ
仰ԭԭĻ㣬ԭһź㹫ƽľһڣˡ˵ţͻȻһö׸ط壺գĹҲٶ⿪ţҪˣ
üͷ죬ͷе
ǣ
ʱ䣬ɫֱӱˡ


152 ǻ
ԵЩͬŮӵƷ㡣
Ȼȴֱӱɫ
Ϊ۱һˣȻϵδѡ˵ҵϵ֮Ͳ˵ˣ۱ȫû⣬Ͼ۱ң岻Ǹ򹤵İˡ
ʧˡ
˫֮졣
쵭˹һ۱ʯڡ
·ɡ
˵
ǣ
ͷ»һỤ̊Ů̴ȥĹҡ
ͬʱһŮ˵Щʲôߵͷ첽۱Ժ
ͼһԱߵỤ̊Ŷ¥ȥ
վסһٶ壺ô£
ˣʵڱǸգǼҲٶ⿪šӭٵпЦЩԭ򣬻˼£ǿΪ׼ľҲȫ⣬Σ
ΣգҪˣ
ĵ
˵ţһƿ壬ֱֱĳȥ
벻Ҫھ۱
ʱһ
ֻһߣһɢһǿ
ˣʱ˿۱ϯִ£ΪҵҵˡţһŮȥҵˣϾٲôӦԡ
ٶҵüͷ΢΢һ塣
ҵͣסŲķЦŵ˵ͷ
ǲд󣬳ҵͷ
λСֵȥҡ
ҵԱߵŮ̵
ǣִ´ˡ
Ů̹Ǵ¥
ܿ죬ʧڶ¥ϡ
ٵɫʱѿâ˸ȴû˵ʲôΪҵҵˡ
Ҳʱҵ٣գʵڱǸ
üҵʱûǰǵǿ֮ˡ
ҵٳʵΪʲô۱ңǱ׹һ̼壬ľˣ׿ʦҲǴ˿ҵ֣Щ֪ҵܲ򵥡
Ѿ˵ĺԭʱ֪ҵһЦǳͣΪǸ⣬Ҿ۱Ϊ׼ȫ⣬ң´ʹһҾ۱ݻĹң۱һΰŻݣΣ
ɨ뿪ķ΢΢ĬҵáȻʲô壬ȴвǿߣٲܸ۱ңҵ˿һѺôҲǸӡ
ǱˡҵЦ漴һߵһỤ̴̊Ůȥһõ͹ȥ
ǣִ´ˡ
Ů̵
ٶҵ˹֣ߵĽŮӣŮȥˡ
ҵ뿪¥
ִ´ˣǸ
Ҳ¥ԵЩ𾪡
С㾹Ȼѡ˵͸һ꣬˼
ҵЦ

¥ͼỤ̊ѾǾ۵Ĺҡ
ȥнʮƽװݻвˮҳŵѬ㡣
⣬ǡ
캹ա
ңҲ̫ݳЩ
Ů̶ͼ깪һ񣬱ȥ
ʱֻʣͼꡣ

ɨⷿ䣬Ȼ
ʱԵЩΣʵЩʲô
궢죬գգۡ
Ҳ֪ⷿӡ
캹ա
ʵЦ£һߵˮ£˵ղô£㶪ʲôţôֱӽⷿˡ
һҵĶܵ˵һѡ֮һƾ͸ҵǸ۱Щ£ǿ

ҵѡˣ죬ڻʳǳȻ֪ңû뵽ȻĺѡǺѡ죬Ʋϵǲҵѡ˳˵ҵѡ˿ɶòŮӡ
ʱգǵѹϵ
ʱһ
ͼѭȥֻ˿̿ʼˡ
͸ˮȥ۱ЩˣܼȺʱ̨ǰһŮϣлλپ۱ڣῪʼ
˵ţ˰һ
Ů欣Ҳǽεεģʹ᳡Եú֣м˷ɽм۵᳡ȣȴǲô̫࣬ߡ
ǲɱǲ̫ࡣ
찵
ǿֵᣬŮȣ֮Ҫ֪ʱ᳡ųϵ˽мۣ澪֮
ܿ죬ʱȥмﱻȥɽǲ͡
ʱ̨ϵŮһЦڱλѾЩš˵ţŮƿסĲɯֻ·һ񣬹һɫ滨ȥΪʱȥĿ⡣
滨ڣһ󾪺
ǸʹճפĶҪˣ
һҪȡУ
ҵģ
ڣһ
Щ˶òŮӣǻʳǳɫС㣬գˣΪ滨
ŸߵŮҲ۾
ôҪ
ٵЦ
룡Ůӵͷ毺õϣˣ
Сһ׮
ٴЦ
˵ţٵŮ
ˣᣬ˶ء
ŮӽȴһҲƾܡ
̨ϣŮˣⱦΪǻݴԡǹɣ书ЧλӦö֪ӻ˥ϣʹഺפŮЧڣʽʼ׼ۣҡ
ŮӵĻ䣬ʱ
һǧ
ǧ
ǧ
м۵
Ӽ۵ĶЩС㣬ЩСһ˫۷걦һ־ڱصõı顣
ֻƬ̼ѣ걦ʮҵļ۸
ڵĹҲһ˲˲Ķ̨걦˵Ľм󣬼ȴԵЩźǵ۹󽫾ŮɼԶɽһսɳû̫Ǯƣ˸Ǿڽܣʮң˵ۡ
Ȼǿ˼ı飬΢΢һ㶣ЦЦ
ʱڣڶСνǷˣϼӼۡ
ֹȥΣⱦ˶ʮҡ
ʮ򡣡
Ÿһ
ѭȥʱһ
ҵĿ䣬٣
λ׿ʦˣ
⣬λ˾ȻҪ걦𣿣
˾ȡ
һЩСȻҲ֪٣ʱ䣬¶ʧ֮ɫЩСУǺһ׿ʦȣȻңٵݰ׿ʦҿ䣬һ˭ҵ
ⱦض˵ˡ
˵
ʵϣٺʮҺ˼Ӽۡ
һЦԵúǴݣţﻹûʱ걦ȻҲ˸ߵĽŮһѣٵȥǻȡɣˡ
лˣ
Ůӻһվ̨Сܹȥ
ʱһԶ¥һҴʮ򡣡


153 ʵ
м۵Ȼ죬֪Ҫǻԣȡ
㾺۸
졣
㡣
Ц
꾡ܲµˣ׿˵һ졣
Һܿģⶫ̫ˣ˷ѡ
˵
ȴҡͷûˣߵ䲻걦˵ţżЦЦңһǿʦǮƶ˵ֿɵá
ʱѾ
ѭ¥һʲôˣȻ׿ʦپۣһھʮ򣬾ٺļ۸˶ʮң
⡭
˽ǲ졣
ٳԴȥɫʱǼǵãǾ۱Ĺңղһ˾ⷿ䣬ʱǺˣ˲֪ӱüΪ
ˡ
һĽŮӶǻһı顣
ʹٶ¥䡣
ʮһ򣡡
ٵ
ʮ򡣡
췢
ʮ򣡡
ɫ
ʮ򡣡
ٴ
˽мۣڣ˶ĲС
ǹﵽ˭ѵĳĴүɣȻôһλ׿ʦ˾ۣҳֻô¡
⡭

˶¥ҡ
죬С̫죬ˡ
󡣡
ЦҡҡͷһҲ⡣
Ǯƶ˵֮Ը⣬ʮңһռͿ׬ء
ʮ򣡡
ʱٵٴ
ʮ򡣡
쵭ĺ
ڣ˶ˣŮҲǲ졣ԭǻ۱ԤƵ߳ɽʮңڣôһʱѣǻȻ̧ߵʮļ۸̫ھˡ
˵˭ᣬѵĳү
Ůӵ
˵ǻʮĸ߼ۣ붼Ĺ͡
һ̣˶ĿڵĹҡ
ɫʮһ򣡡
ʮ򡣡
֮
˶ǵɴ˫ۣӼδ̫˰ɣ
ʮ򣡡

£һȻѾʮˣ
곶˳½ǣСҪټˣֵá
ôᣬֵáЦЦãܸоȻ֪ԭ򣬲˶ãӱԱ˺ãϲǻô͵þȡһ򡣡

⻰һʱ
һ
һ걦ѣȻһ
ҵ죬ĸүȻôǮ
һ򰡣ֻΪһ껨
ȥ⸻еҲ̫ˣ
Ŀࡣ
ƽ̨ϣŮ٣ˣŹҵĿ˳һңӼ𣿡
ŹȻǾ۱ĹңҲ˿ڵĹҡ
ˡ
ߵĽŮӽεεĺı飬һΣȴһˣֻĶڵǷҡ
ˣ˼Ҫǡ
죡
һ
ŮӶʱŵɫһ䣬ͷ˵ʲô
ʱ̨ϣŮٴοڣˣӼ𣿡
ߣԼλϣһﲻ׿ʦԴӳΪҿ󣬱ٿӡˣܹҲʹһҶѣ˿ﻹܹ쾺ۣ
һңʣɻ˼Ӽۣ
һңһΡ
һңΡ
һңΡ
ŮοڣˣѯǷ˽мۣɵõĻӦȴһƬ
ЦΪһ껨ķһң˭Ը⣿ǮҲô˷ѵġ
ǻһҳɽϲŹҵлԾ۱֧֣
˵ţŮӳŹҹһ
£Ů̶ǻŹҡ
ڣ˶ĿɿڴһȻ˻һǻǺҵĿپۣò˶𺳡
ɫɱ⽻֯۱Ĺңֺǻʵ

ĺվֱ߳
ԭٻ뿴۱ǣ˿û顣

ʱŹңŮ̽ǻ˹еĻ塣
СֵܣµĶ
Խǻݸ졣
ͷ˹
͸㡣
ЦЦǻݵǰ
գգۣ漴˹Ưϸֳ糺죺лл
յԵúܿģ㡣
ִ´˵ˣСֵö֣ǻ۵ļ۸Сֵܣһʮҡ
ţ
΢㶡
һߵļҲǲ졣
ò˿Ӷ𣿡
ʵ
ǻ˽ɾ۱ȡܶ߳ɣ۱ֵɣ۱ۼ۸Ҳ˵ⳡ۱׬˿
ִ´˵ˣСֵʸ񡣡

£һ룬治С
ˣǱлˡ

СֵܿˣСֵպǻʲôҪ۱Ǿ۱ԼĶһԳɱСֵܣǴ򵽵ı۱һư۵ļ۸Сֵܡ

ͷõģл
˵һǣһ뿪۱ֻΪǻڵĲ򵽡
һٵǧҡ
ͼ뿪ʱͣ͵۱ǰ
СֵܣС㣬ӭ
𾴵
ͷͼһ߳˾۱
ڽֵϣ걧ǻʱʱƫͷ졣
ʲô
ꡣ
û
ƫͷȥС΢΢Щ糺죬һҸӡ
գգۣƺЩŹְ
ʱһͻȻǰʹͼ궼̧ͣͷȥֻǰһһŮ˳·м䣬ӺȻ١
٣ʲô
ü
ɫ䵭ɨ죬Ǻ⡣
С㣬λ̫Щңǻ˵ãҵøһѵʱ˵һߡ
ٵȻݲһ㣬Ҳ̫ɵ
ʱ㲻Ҫ̫ˣǻǺܿĵģȻ˿ȴǰƻ˼գңٻ˵ʲôҪѵ죬ʹüܲˣʱ䣬һǿƴɢ
һʱһ
죡
ż꣬һ졣


154 ݳ
찵ʳǵһ콾ŮȻֻɫô򵥣ΪҲ˿¡һ룬ܿȻˣϾǼͽŮұ׵ԺгԵȥԺУΪ
ҲǱɫɫ΢
Ƿưˣȷʵܿ£ҪС˿ʦ
˵ţ̧֣ʱһƾСֻ΢һһƹâⷽƾڸֶ˸˿˿֮⣬ͬʱҲһɺѷɫڼϢɢ˳֯ڰС
˶ţܿ쾪ˡ
ǣϽŮУλٴˣ
⣬ˣôڶԵ𣿡
ʲô
˽ǲ졣
Ǽ껹٣߶ǻʳ˿̣ڻʳǽֵţ᲻˾ȡ
ٶż꣬С㣬㻹˿ЩȽϺã²С˵˼С㣬»ǵȺŭɫĮ£һƾḡ֣ʱ䣬һɿµϢɢˡ
ƾᣡ
Կܲ˵ҡ

ںܲˣǻǰһǿɢ
⡭
Сԭôǿ𣡣
۷˰ɡ
ľ
Ҳǲ죬죬ʱȴȥ̫ࡣ
֣ڼϣ˻

˵
ϵϢʱȥС˺ǿȻֻ죬ȴ׿ʦƿвٿµֶΣöԸ
Կ
գգۣЦˣҲǿʦңΪߡ
˴ʱĺִܽڼͷЦ⣬ȴǲûʲôʣСĺ˵ʲôоԵúˣǣֵܵ˶ʱĿࡣ
ң⣬ʲô
ǡǸһȻȻͼС㿿ô
ѵѵǡ
Ӳûɳ
꣬ǻʳǹϵĵһŮƽٳţ̫ӵ빲۶ˣλʳǵһŮȴǺһ֪һ̸ֹܣʹط˲㵱ʯ
ٶˣɫ˼֡
С
죬Ц
ԣʱȴǱ
ǰһ쵭Ц٣ô˵ҵͦˣϾСٻԿ㣬˳֣һ˻ôϲҪ
˵˭һˣ
ɫһ
ʮ٣

ٶʱһͣɫһࡣ˵Ͳʮѣ˵ĻƽʱڣǺһȣȷʵЩˣʮʮ꣬Ѿһ֡
͵Ц벻һﻹȤһ档
ߣһĿɿڴ
ʲô˰Ȼô󣬸˵٩ٴˡ
ܺͼСһҲĳүɣĸүһ룬ʳУûô֪ﰡ
ȷʵǵôˣ֡
˺档
ô˵̫ˣ֪
ǽŮӵ
쵭ɨһۣͲ⣬ӹŮӣʵÿһۡ
Ŀ⣬ϡ
ѵң
ۣٴοǰһ
ʹɫ䣺һ֪СΪվһߣԼһˣȴԼмֽ
쵭Ц㵹ͦΪǡ
ҿ䣬׿ʦʲôʲô
ٵ
ƾߣٱ˫֣һư
ҿ䣿ˣҺңǵˡȻһЦν׿ʦûʲôֵ㽾ǰûнʱ
˵ţ̧֣һ֡
һ
ͣ
ͣ
ǰƯŵƾᣬϵٰ̻ɢ
Ⱥڵء
ٶʱɫһ䣺ʲô
㲻׿ʦ𣬿
̡
ٶŵڵصƾᣬɫʱһѿĥҵƣ㡭Ҳǿʦʮ꣬ôܣңǿʦҲô׵Ĩҿӡƣⲻܣ
ٵĻֵܣ˽Ծ
ʲôҲǿʦ
ôܣʮѣʮĿʦ̫ˣ
ɣٴ˶ô˵˰
˶סˡ
죬˿̣һ˶ǺȻǰ꣬Ȼǿʦ
ʱٵɫޱ
ˣ
â˸ߣʱмƾ
ʱ䣬ɱ⽻֯ɲԪɢ
һЦּ䣬˿˿Ƶɫ˸ʱȡƾͬʱʧȥЧãһ͵󣬸̵ڵء
㡭
һţΣȻôĥӡơ
׿ʦˣɿ˲ࣿ
쵭
ѡˡҧļΪ̵ζ˭ó
ٵɫʱѿչֳȷʵǷǳ꣬Զǿǿʦɡôĥƣˮ׼ȻԶԶǿǰ˾Ȼ˿£ʮѣˮ׼ȻʳǵĿš
ãգˣ
ҧ
˵ţתߣ֪Լκεˡ
ߣ
ȻһЦһǰ
ʲôҿҿ䡭
ž
һϣʱ䣬Ǳĵɿȥ
Ҷ˶֣
һĽŮָС
񱩵ϢɢɨŮӡӭǽŮӶʱһŵŵŵĺˣ漴һƨ˵ϣŵˡ
ٴһվѪɫѿ
Ҵң
ɫҪճˮ
Цһٴγǰ
㡭
ž
һƣǳϣұա
һΣûбɣΪ֣ץסٵ졣̧֣ҿ⣬ٵһݳ飬ϡ
ס֣
ٲҽУѪˮĭӲͣķɽ˿̣ϵĴ˸Զأ׿ʦһҿ䣬ȴǱһ㵱ֳ⣬ȴû˿ֵأǺεȵĳ裿
˵ס־ס֣Ǻûӡ
Ц
ûͣ£ַݡ
ʱٵĲҽǱ룬һſݻѪҺӿ
⡭
Χ뵹ֱоһͷƤ顣
ǰ̫꣬ˣ
Ҳ֪˶ã֣ͣѾ˹ȥ׵ĸͷһѾԭӡɿٵ죬ʱͬ㣬ĵȥ


155 δү
ٵűߣбӶѪһٵӡ
ͷȥһ̧Ⱦһš
һٱи絾˰㷭˳ȥ
ˣ
һĽŮӼУٺɵķȥ
쿴ÿһۣתżȥ
ˡ
Ц
գգۣЩȵĶ죺Ȼô׾ͰǸٴˣ׿ʦҶɶ÷Щء
⻰˵ͦ
Ȥ
һ죺Уе㾪ȶѡ
ݸŵ׿ʦұˮ׼һЩ
׸ߣ
졣
֪ǿʦɼȴǲľΣ˿ô˵ʱȵĲУʮѣȻ˿µĿˮ׼
ء
ֹ
˵ʲô
ƫͷ
æҡͷǳЦûʲôһȥɣɫˡ
á
ЦطЩԶͼһҲ˵ķӦֱѭһȥ
ֱ˳Զֳűһ
ҵ죬Ǹ꣬ȻȻٴ˸
ʮ꣬Ǹʦ
ٴ˻⣬ǰδ˵ʳﰡ
ǣ̫ˡ
⵽Ǵð
ļ¡
ԶٱǽŮӲʱʶЩ

뿪ķǶ֮⡣

Լһʱͼ⡣
ҾͲȥˡ
˵
ۻеǻ̧ͷ죬գգ۵ţллҵһúϧ
ûʲô
ͷ
ⶫҲͷ˵Ҷѣʲô
˻֣ŽԺȥ
ЦЦתߡ
δү߹
УС㡣
ǰظŵǿߴȤ
ӣʱЩΣȴûзʲôתԺȥ
ú߳˺Զ
ʱɫѾҪӽƻ裬ʳǽֵϵ࣬ȻȻ֮ʱ˺ܶ࣬ȴֵд󲿷ǿŵģڣһЩ¥ţΪǱ׹Ķǡ
ѭʱ·ű׵Ժȥ
߳ãͻȻֵͣȻ˿̣ȴԸоЩԣһ⽻֯ܣ·һ˫˫ڶ
ݣ
ƿ֮һ֧
쳯߿һһץס֧һ䣬һķͶ˳ȥ

ҽһ¥ﴫʱܵ˸ɫ
Ҳʱƿ֮øŨ̧ͷֻܣ¥ڽмʸɳȫм䡣΢䣬ŲٶλӰܼļʸת䷽λܿһ֧֧ļʧ
üͷһ壬Զһƹ֧ʸƹ˹ȥ
ৣ
ǚiһչƹǰֱ̧֧
ʱ򣬼ʸȫʧ
ֵߣ̶ǧٿףû


ֵߣ¥һ߳Ϊ׵һһϮ¡
Ȼ壡
Ǹˣһʱǰʹһ٣ٻصҵǿߣ뱻֪֪ٵ˭ʱǿ߹ˣҪ챨Ҫɱ죡
벻ɱСүǵ죡
Ķ졣
ʱٵѾ˲٣Ϊ׿ʦв鵤ҩ
쿴һۣĿϡ
ǵڶˡӲпᣬǰҲи׷ɱңҽ峹׻ңҲкý
˻һɫʱһ
ҺһЩèԱȡ
ĵ
ˣȴٻЩɵֻһ壬ȻСҲԱĿ¡ңȻܽٴܣˮ׼֮ϣɱǿ
˾Բ£򣬺
ɱ
庮
ʱ䣬һ볯ȥ

ҵˡ
̯ܰӸ
ֵߵ˱ɫ
Ǿƹץ½ǣվһǣǸ˭оƲǸӣԵúؤһݣͷҵĲС
ûС
쵭
ʱѾк˳嵽ǰһնһǿߣΪ죬ǳǿ󣬿ǣص죬˾Ե̫࣬һžͱ߷ɣڿоͿȳһѪ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һ˵ͺȣ
ԶЩ
˾䣬һ𣬽ƹƵԱߵһڡ
ΪɱΪԼ۵ˡ
ʳ֮£ҵĺܴ󡣡
Ц
һ˽̶ĽХ쳹ʮ
ﬣ
ʱѪ𣬳ǰļ˱ҽ
Ծ£û뵽սҲôǿ



һǿߣ˽ײһ𣬷һ̶Ľǻ֮⽻֯

˲ҽУһնһֱۡ
ѪɽһУһնƺ
֮
һе˽΢΢һʱ䣬콣ɵ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦䣬˱罣ᴩ뵹ѪС
һĻĲٺ˽Ծ
ԶһЩΧ߸Ǳɫ
˭ǿ
𺧡
ЩˣΧܵһںҲ¶ɵ֮ɫ
һʱ䣬ٸǰ
еĳմȾ˿˿ѪͲΧܵĺˣǵĮ壺ΪƾЩȡҵ˵ҵǿ̫ˣԣԼټ忪֧
ĻƽȴǴŨŨķ̡
Ӻ䣺ֻһûʸֵҳ֡
˵ţ忪ʼ粽ȥ
ʸ񣿡һЦмƾ㣬Ҳ̸ʸ񣬿Ҫʮ˲죬ΪԼ˲𣿺ǣҵʱΪһֱɱһΪ˲õģվǰȥ
Ųһ٣˫۸Եݡ
ٶ˵ʲôֱӶ֣һն졣
ߣһȴǲϴħǰʱһΣˣӭϣһն£һ
¡¡
̶һĽѹ£Ľâɱˡ
΢΢ɫٴһնϡ
һ죬նĲ׽ڶն顣
ˡ

ҲһС磬ȴûʲô˲𡣡
쵭Į
˵ţһ˽绡ǣžֱ졣וּһǿĲ׽ֱ֣塣
һԣԼ廹жսࡣ


156 ս
Ѿ׽ƿɣʱʩչĲ׽Կ۷似һն绡ɵž춯Ϊ̶
С

וּһе潣ŴĿԣһӳ
ײһ𣬷¡¡ľ죬Եúܾˡ
䣡
һɹ쫷絴Χܵǿ߸ȡ



˽潣ײһ̶Ľ졣
ôܣȻܶݺδļ̳˿⡣
ľ
죬ʳǷưߵǿߣȻƾصΪֿôãңͻȻ뵽һ£ǰˣ֮֮ϣ
ʳǣȻ˸ôµˣ
ʮѰ⡭
ЩĲˡ

һ촫˽ٴκ潣ײһһâը鿪ܼȥӸǧٿףһƬǽ״
ܣҵĺǿǶˡ
ܿ죬˷Ӧ˹
Ÿ٣
˺ȵ
£˳챼ȥ
սһ𣬿ܵĺǵĶȴʼšʱ˳ķһһĿݵĳ˳ȥ
۵һѪ⽦䣬˱ᴩؿڣ
סܣҪ뿪

һںǸԵͷܿΧһԲ˷·ȫ
ɨһۣϺޱ顣
ߣƾЩΪסң
Ц
⻰˵ĺֱӣм֮ԣʱһںɫࡣ
һʲôҲ˵ֱѹ졣
治ɫһһתǱǰȥ

ٴײһ𣬴ĿǲϽ
һδײģ쿪ʼƣƵһˡ
һսһһԶ


׽߶ޣӴ̶Хһâס䡣
ɱ㣡
庮
ٴγײһ𣬽뽣棬ȭȭײ
ۣ
Ҽ簤һʱѪˮ
ͬһʱ䣬ȭؿڣһˡ
Ҽ̳ˣưߣˡ
Ц
ɫɱʮ㣬ֻһ¶ѣû뵽սȻǿôһǰֻӶݵķݣһж£ڣȴѾⲢ˵ˡ
ձն㣡
庮˵ţֱӳ˹ȥֻһʱѣǿô࣬ɳȥǽһǳΣյ¡
磡
ȵ׷iһʩչҴĹ罣
һ˲䣬ϵͽȻǿһ㡣
ɫһǲҴ⣬ǚiһʱʩչͬʱ׽תޣ˽ȫ֮⸲ǣ·һ֮
ɱ
ͺһһ˹ȥ
ߵǿײһ𣬶ʱһӿ񱩵쫷硣
뽣໥ײޱȴ̶
⡭
ҵһǿ߶סˣû뵽һʮİ꣬ڻʳûκȴܹΪԼҵδ̳˿ôá
У˱ɱ
˫Ŀ
սһȻȡһƾᣬʱ䣬һɺѷɫɢֲ۳ΣֱĳȥҵĹ罣ΪһΪע롣
ү˿
ٺȵ
Կ۷ǿߵһ
嶯ݣٺˡ
ɣ
ȣ˿󣬴߶ն졣
һɵ˻
ɫ΢䣬ɨٺȴһչ˲ߡ
㡭
ɫһû뵽ʱȻ絽ߣҪһΪҲһ˹ȻٵĿơ
ҵĽҪôƽ⣬Ҫôһܡ
ĵ
۷ǿעУ䲻ֱɱӲԻܲصĴˣһȻǼõ¡ңδļ̳ˣԼҽϤȻܽΣϵ͡

ٲɵһ䣬û뵽쾹Ȼжϣû뵽ٶô죬ȻɲǼ׷߿塣
ɫĲУ
ޱ飬˽𶯣ɨһ
ʱµĽһƵǰ潣һնȻӭȥȥƽ
ձɱ㣡

ڣһѹû
飡
飡
ѪڿУӰһ˶
ȾѪ˲٣ֱֽһ󷢲һߣҲûкõȥؿѾѪģȻҲش
ˡ

Ȼһɲȴɱ˵ĺأĿǰԣսǲһӲӲĻԲǶ֣ܹսڣѾﵽļˣңײ˽Ҳ֧ŲˣϾгŵĿµȱ˽ǿ˲١
ﬣ
гһһâ֣Եףѹ塣
վ͵ټ

ߣ
ٺȵ
ҿ䣬λȻһȣʱ䣬ܵĺǿȫһѹȥ
ޱ飬ɨ٣´ټľ򡣡
´ΣЦû´Σ
ĵ
˵ţĺѹ졣
˿⣬Ųȵ棬һԾ
׳գɱ
ٺȵ
һں˵𵶽͵ºһӵϡȻһ̣Щ𾪵У첢δ£ڿкݺһ̤˾ٴγŸ߿ԾȥſȻֱڰƶ
⣿
Ȼڿ
ôܣ
ԶȺɫԱ䡣
һߵƹŴͿſУ૵ᡭɰ
ʱѾԶһ¥
ٶ죬ɫһٱ䡣
ڿп粽ôܣòվǿ߲еֶΰ
ھ¥ܻȾѪ˫ȴ䵭ޱȣͬ·ֵϵˡ٣ȻһЦٴԾž¥һԾ£ɲǼʧ˵ҰС

ս潣
ڶΣˣ

Լʱص׵ԺѪҺԺӽԱɫ
⡭
ʲôǸ˾Ȼôصˣ
ľ
һֱڻɱԿԺǵĴȣʱ뿪ɱ׼ؼȥǡÿһĻʱɫ䣬iӭȥôˣ


157 
˹쵹˿
ҿһ¡
Щ
ʵ˵쾳սص壬һ۷̶ȵڵԪѾĵ߰˰ˣԴﴫһѣθС
һæס죺ô°򡣡
û£һסȥ
ҡҡͷ
˵ͷ죬ܿصԺס
صס쵱£תļ޸塣
СĵĶܣһ䱸״
ˣֱʱۡ
򡣡߹оô
ˡ

վȥϴһһ£ԵøЩ
ʱɫѾװ
鷳ˡ
쿴˵
УҽӦõ£ͺҽһҡͷ漴ִս켸֣С˵ô°򣿡
һЩҵˣͷȻ㶮ġ

һ漴ŭ˵Ȼҵֶ֡
ЦЦûж˵ʲô
ң壬٣һʰ
ˣڻɱ￴һ죿
˵
˦ˣû취Щ˴Ҳ
˷ۡ
һЦȻأ
Ȼ󣬾ԼЩһ̫Զˣ簡
Ʋ졣
ЦЦ⣬ǿɴ󡣡˶٣˵ɴһֱ⣬Ϊӡƣٶȡ
ģ
ġ
˶ʱϲ̫ˣлл򣡽ã
ƣҲǧһңܶʱ򻹶ǮҲ򲻵һʦרΪӡУû˵δ̳˶ûô
죺
һ䡰áֱͷƤЩ顣
ʯлвٲϣƻѾȬȡϣܿӡʮƣⶪʮӽĽˮ׼Ŀ֮ԣӡ׵ľȻǷǳ򵥡
ڵľ磬ÿʹһС
õĽ򡣡
˵
ͷֵ⼸գͲҪȥĥˣڵԣȥﲢû̫ôڣȽΪ˵
á
˵
ʱѾҹ£˱תһ
쿴Уκ󣬵˵ͷ˶٣һߣƣʱǳԴԴϵӿ
ң塣
ȻһЦ
ˣûзϣ˵ٲǸСѣν׿ʦһûУϾĿһ֮ϣǿֻҺѡ
΢䣬˫ۣ
һҹܿȥ
գվֻо˲٣Ѿ๹һ롣ѡͷ­ķ֣񣬵һо˳ࡣ
߳סӭųɣԼȥֺͣסɨۣ˻첻ɵ΢΢˵ͷ˵ڷܻǷǳ⣬һպĳɾͲ͡
գȥӸˢµԺƣŵԺȥɳ磬ĺطѾȥˣڣȥ߼ʶһ¡
ֻԺԺӲʸĵط˵ۣӴľˣԼĹٶȡսĽΪԺӣÿʱС
Լȥʱ⡣
ȥ
콫ԼĵԺƵݽִ¡
ɳͼĺͬضĵԺǿأԺӺԺҪкصִǿߴкſԡ
ִɨƣͷȥɣûиλá
ջԼƣ漴̤ڡ
ʼһ̤ߣʱ䣬оĲͬʵ̫Ũˣǿ˴Լѹס֮ģȥŷ߲󣬴ԼҲͽƽӣʮСߡ
ߣͬʱʮУԭ

ûй⣬ܿĿտССߴԼʮƽһľšСߺ󣬱ǽľŹһϥ¡
ļתʱһɹԵصӿ
ǿܣ
졣
ǿȣʹʱҪˡ˶٣ʯȡƣ߿ʼɲǼ䣬Ӿ˵ϯ֮ղŵŨֹʹ˫һ
澹ȻҲʹþƣ̫ˣ
찵ϲ
ڵԭͷǳˣƽˣٶȱ࣬ܲϲ£һתļ
Ϊ˿̣ߵǳŨͱƽԵ࣬ңʹҲǴн͡ԴˣȻǷʱҲ˷ѣһתļһ߿ٽϵľѨһ
ˣ
âߣһ˿Ѫɫǿ
ļգһֱУΪڵʵ̫Ũˣչƺ󣬹Ե࣬ٶҲ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ֮࣬Ҳʼȭױ似ܺθڡ
֪䣬һʱܿȥ
һ죬һǿĲɢþòɢ

һС쳤һоâտտ
ǿĲȻǴɢһµʱķʮһʱһͻƵ졣
վս˫ȭٴ
ʱоڵԪŨҲԵԶ೤
ܺã
ȭͷЩϲоսʶࡣ
֮һʱʱ꣬ȸ߶֧ܵ¹Ϊ磬߳ߣסȥ
صסʱý
ͣһ£̫ˣҪȥħ£Ųٺöš
˵
ǰھƵİ£˿أȥħ봳һ
룬С
ʵ˵ڵԺһʱ䣬ҲǾЩ
ҹˣ뿪Ժħȥ֮ҹǰΪ첻뱻ҵ˲鷳Լǲôη壬һˣҪСһЩ
úħ⡣
ħռ󣬱ȷǵĺڰɭָǵ֮ңħڵĵرҲ٣ǿѰһ꣬ھ۱ҵĸ߼ۡ
ɶʵޣͻɱݻ޲ͬȥ󣬸ҡ
˵
õĽ򡣡
ͷħڣһ˷ܵı顣


158 ȭС
ħ뱾ԵЩ谵֮˿ҹ䣬Ψеǹ͸ɭֵķ϶£ʹħԵøӵڡ˽Уʱ䣬һ޺ǴУռڵŨľˡ
ΧЩһ޺Ͷޣ㡣

˽⣡
˵ͷ
ħΧ޺˶ɻܣΧûʲô塣£˳ħȥܿǧɡ
𣡡
һ޴Ӳ
һͷ۷ޣ鲼ɫëԵú
ˡ
˵
۷ҲͿ죬Ǻʡ
õĽ򣡡
˵ţӭȥ
ʱ䣬âһֱһӺ˽ͷնɱڵ
ǰͷ޵޺ȡֶˣսʱʽ̫ˣʵ˷ԪסսʱԷҪһɱͲõڶУʽֻķľ񣬳⣬ûκá
˵ͷɫҼס˽򡣡
ã

ħԵԼǧɵľ룬ЩޣһƬﲻѰսܿǹȥһҹһҹ䣬ܹɱͷ۷ޣ˿۵
Ϣ¡
˵ţ˱һƨ˵ϡ
һľĴ׳֦Ծ£ЦЦ˵˵սͬǿǺܲˣǿɨһۣһʼתԪ۵ȭڣȭ
ΪﵽоԼѾԿǿˣ֮ǰǿ˲٣ʱѾʼȭõܲסǵѹĿԪ
Ԫ۵ȭˣȭͷЩĸоһɿµɢȥ졣
ǡ
һ
ȭ
˾䡣
˵ţҡҡͷĽһսʱ˿ȻǽԪ۵ȭˣȴ޷ѹסǵȿ񱩵˶ܸоĵһνıԱʧȥ壬Ϊ˿Ը֪
úķѸʱĥС

ɫԽԽ˳׵ԪʱѾ߹ա
˰
ֹ
ͷɡ
˵ţȭƣ˳һȥѰ۷ޡ
ħ뽥вȺӿУЩˣЩΪ˵ЩΪѰϾħ벻ǵãҲͬʱ֮ĵرš
һʱն˼ͷޡ
ʱһ쫷𣬲Զһ鲼ɫۼ׵ޣһ˫̵ģɢ˵ѪɷϢſѪڣ׿ĳȥ
弶ޣ
ˡ

˵ţһΣ˲ǰһȭǰ
һһȭֱںϡ
ҵĺԶɿȥȴûʲôˡ
󣬿ǿߣƤ񣬸ĺɫۼͬǷһ۷ǿҲ˵طô弶ޣ
˾ȡ
弶޺һЩǿ˶ͷһвǿߣǿҪɱԷίʵҪһֽš
ǳ
ʵ
á
ҡͷ
˵һߣԼǰһһȭںʱ֪޵ǺǿϾѾɿǿߣһȭȴֻǽ˼iѣǣø֡
ҪԺĥȭ
𣡡
һ̵ͫ죬ĳײ
첻ܣֱӭȥ
гһʩչ罣նһâںϣ죬ȴһҲ˵ԷԴˣ첢ȣһԾ罣ԿһĬĬԪ۵ȭ
Լȥٸˣȭһӳ
䣡
һҵȭȭгͬһִ㣬ǿٿ졣
һȵںϣǽ󵱳ɣһء
찡
˾ĵɴ˫ۡ
ڶκȭҲ˵ڶοˣȴɺܾȣΪȭͷȭԶԵУֶȷʵܾˣ˷ʤң˷֣ʩչȹԱһҪǿ˲٣Ȼ˺һЩɫۼס
춢źȭٴӭϡ

Į
ŭ̵ͫǱѪĳ
һֵһսʱٴ
Ծһľһעܣһ߶ս

Ľһδնںϣһ⡣
ȴԽɱֻʱԴǣƺѡ
ʮһȭɳ
ҽһһαϴθңĸ࣬Ѫˮͣʡʹúø׿ԭ̵ӱøѪ죬ĳ졣
ɫƽӦԡ
һڣȺȭâһαһǿ󣬽ʹú¶˾⣬˿̣ĺ۶䣬Ѫܡ
ҵ졣
˿Һ
ԷƵĺ󣬾Ȼ˵˳̶ȡ
룬ɫƽеĳһδն£ڣеľԽԽŨһ𣬾ȻһԾˣԶȥһɳ
Դˣ첢δ׷ϣ貾â
̧ȭŶߵĺ͵һȭӳ
䣡
һĿĹɳֱд
ȭ⣬죬ǿ
۵һʮ⣬ֱӱȭᴩ漴һѪС
˶Զֱ˫ۣ⡭ŵѪеĺʬ壬һκݺݵһҺȻһȭ䴩˺ĺɫۼҲһƻǺεȿµĹֲ̫ˣ
ȭ¶Щ֮ɫ
ȭСˡ
ܹļȭѾǿѹԪʱȴ޷ѹסǵȿ񱩵Ϣ⻹ͨϵսĥ󷽲ſɵӦֵĿƣ޲۵ʩչбȭ
ߵǰ޺ȡ˳弶޵޺ˣֵǲơ
Ǳ̬
ǰ
һ㡣
Ц
ɨһۣǸȥɣòƶЩޣղǺܳӦֻһ⣬ȥʶһ¡
á
ͷ
£ˣħȥܿǧɵľ롣󣬿еԱøŨЩ޺Ҳӵľˡ
Сĸңף
˵
Ѿкܶļ޳û˲أЩΣԡ
ס
˵
ͷ˼ǰߡ
ʱԶоҵԪƺڴ򶷡


159 
ѭǰͼһһͷϾսһϾ弶еޣȻȺһЩȴҲǼΪ£ѶԸ˿̱ѾǱϴŲѪۣȻҪ;ĩ·ˡ
ΣӦǱ׵Ժĵӡ
˵
ȻҲǷˣӴԼʮңΪ졣
ʱҲǷˣλֵܣæ
ҪҪ
ʵ
룬һ°ɣϾͬһѧԺĵӡ
˵ţ˳ȥ˽УһնϾǡ
וּһһƳͣʱϾǱˡ
Ͼǳʹŭһת򣬾ǲٹ꣬졣
ﬣ
У˽һ𣬶ʱ䣬ʮһɱϾǡ
֮
ϾǲҽһʮâڣҪӶ뿪
ߣߺߣ
վ˳˫ֳֽһѹ£ȻֻΪϾǴ˿شҲǱһһҲֻһѣϾǶʱŭ׿ĳȥ
ѽ
˴С
ЩһͻȻôҲ弶ޣشҲһܹ˵İôţȴѾһߣ˽ֱնȥ
ۣ
һ˿˿âǿ۵һϾǵͷ­ն¡
˳˿ؿڡ
ԶЩ𾪣弶ϾǣȫǶ֣ȴǰ˾ȻɲǼͽϾǸնɱˣʵ֮ǿ𾪡ǰȥ죬ЦֵãҽйãǱ׵Ժѧ
ҽ죬ˣҲǱ׵Ժѧ

ҲǵԺѧҺûмǰ
Щ졣

ûȻЦԭˣ˵ħ뿼˺ҾͽһֱڶصԺԲ̫ʦǿŸԺѣսȻѾôǿˡ
Ǳ룬ҽѾԺˡ
˽
ʲôԺӣô죡
һ
ҹء

𾪵Ĵ죺ɲǽҾܹص°ҿǷ˾ţ֮ŽԺңҲǺܿȻôԺ
ЦЦδ϶˵ʲôΣѾ٣Ǿʹ˱ɡ
׼ȥЩҲ˳ʶ
ȵȡýס죬
ǡ
ͷ
õҲΣұ˴˼иӦ
룬һҲûʲôңˣǾܾδԵ̫߰Щǵ˵ͷаɡ
ãһ¡
õ
ȡýϾǵ޺ȡǰ
ˣһ
ŽħֵԽԽ࣬ʵҲǿʱ˼Ѿ޷ˣֻһ˷ܵĿšҲԶ֣Ϊ̫ǿˣϵĶЩļޣȫĶ֡
ʦܣǿ
Ц
С
ͷ
Ⱥɱʮͷޣ˲޺ˣΪҲһЩ޺˸ã޺ˣȻ޷ȴǿóȥüǮҲһԺĻ֣Իֻ似ҩȡ
ܿ죬ֳɡ
ʱͻȻƮһζע⡣
ô˽򣿡
ʵһãȽ˽졣
ζ

ζ˺͹ᣬûŵ
˵ĸ֪ԶԶ죬ϸ΢ζԷֱ
ɨܣһǿĸ֪ӾȳҪǿܶ࣬Զ˶ܿѭһ򣬿˹ȥ
˺棬Сĸ˹ȥ
ú첦һƬֻ֦ǰһСϿȣϿȲһ۱ܼײϿ̵ĲƮԵúۡ

˵ͺ
ü
˲죺㲻֪𣿡
֪
ҡͷ
һȴǾ⣬˷ܵ˵Ǵľۺ壬о˵ЧħѰȶֻһѱھ۱ҵļ۸񣡡
˵⻰ʱһߵĹҲǽǰǾâ
һⶫȻôмֵ
죬ȥ
˼˵ţһѾȲҪȥŸжͱ˻
𶯣
ͳ
˲⣬ͼ˵Զ˳Ǹȥʱ̲סһֻһݵľ޿ߣкȻһͷɫϽ֯һѪɫ硣
弶۷ޣħ
ɫһ䡣
ħǿޣұзǳ˵ĶأʵΪ£һЩ۷ǿҲԸħΪ̫Σա
һѵһֱ
˿Ц
Ӧ
õ
˶һı飬Ϊħʵ̫ˣԱߣǿҲ׿ױǺħʳֱֻۣܿǼΪơ
ʱȴվ
ǵ
˵
һס죺𰡽Ȼ󣬿Ҫ
Ȼħȴ޵Ŀ¡
޷
ҡͷ
֦߳ȥʱǺħע⣬ֻħԴȴһ̸߰һ˫Ѫɫͫ죬ɷˡ
΢΢һۣ弶۷ޣ
䣬ȴǲô⣬һǰ
ħӴʱֱ£Ķ졣
Ȼھ졣
Ҳ⣬һ£˽Ѿ֣һ˿˿绡ϡ˿̿ȥƽȴԵúܽϾһͷ۷ǿߵĿޣɴ⡣

ۼ첻˷ħʱһŭХԭس˳ȥ
ವһӴβʱ졣
첻˽һһֱɳ⽣ںħľβʱȴǲûаã⵹΢΢Щ졣

һһΣĽΪȭݺ¡
һȭͷͺħβײһ𣬶ʱ䣬һɴӿĺħһȻһȭ˵ЩϾѾԿǿߣһȭ֮ɲС
ŭХһħſѪڣһںڶ
Сģˣ
˴С
ħĶΪ£ǿҲܵס
ӿĺɫ΢΢˫ۣȴǲܣһԾ˽ֱնħߴ粿λ


160 Թ
һȻӭŶȥɫ䡣
򣡡
̲ס
ʱһ̶𣬼дһħĲҽС
ɫܿɢֻǰħߴλóһѪۣȴʲôҲûУЩƮıǼ䣬ȴ𲻵˿á
⣬ǶȻԽûЧ
˵ۣħĶҵĺܣǿ߶Գܣٺȴʲô¶ûС
ˣҲЩ𾪡
˽һźħȥƤͦӲȻûնϡ
ħͫѪһƬ죬ƺҲԵЩȣǰԶ󣬾ȻʲôҲûСħһ𣬱Ѫ𣬸Ӿ˵Ķ졣
΢΢ۣǲ˷ӭźɫħڸֵʱ߼޶ľ綾ˣѾԶ˿ԣ弶޵Ķܹ߼޵Ķȣκβ
ﬣ
Хٴһʱ䣬һħ
ħ鶯β˦죬һʱպ磬ÿռƺ˻
콫֣һΣȭһȭ¡
һһȭͺħβײһȻβʲô˺ۣɺħȴǷޱҵĽ
ȭ

ħƤͣԸʴˣֱת乥ֶΣȭµ似ȭͨԪںϴﵽһƵʺһȭһһȭ󣬵ڲȴѾܳ׷顣
ħŭԴһ졣
ҲʱһĨâһΣֽе˽УȭźħߴλȻӳ
䣡
һҹȭ˷ɳսħߴλôᴩƬѪҺ
ȭ
һħ߰ŵԴӰе䣬Գ鴤˼±û˶
˶ǰֱ˫ۡ
۷޺ħȻô׾ͱնˣ
Ҳ𾪡
Ͽȱϣ˵ķ򣬵˵ͷʾǿԳˡ
˶ʱ֦С˳ȥһ̫˧ˣ
һ㡣
ЦЦ
ȡħ޺˺ϿԣʱֻҶԵñ̶͸еķҲŨ
Ů㡣
һ
ǳ˳ֱӸһһƣŮ㶼ˣ
εԴЦŵصµĸǴ˿̵ҶɫӦûûг׳죬һ룬ŻҪһʱҲܲժ
Բˣ㶮û١
ǣģ
һı顣
˵ĽӣֱӸӡԱһʯ˹ȥڴʯ£һʱų죬϶һֱ
һһ꣬¿׬ˣ
˷ܵ
üȴҲû˵ʲô㶼ȥɣһ϶᲻鷳ȰΪٿԴﵽ졣
΢΢ĬȷʵȷҪⶫΪ
ˣ˵ʲô˼ȫҲˣҲҪⶫ԰ǷóȥٰǷݸҰ
˶ʱЩˣʲôСҵһݡ췢֣ħҲһ֮նɱʲôҲûô˼˵ҵһݣ
Źã˵ʦ֣Ҹղ˵ˣҽĿǰдУԽҪܲ˵ˣһ·ʲôûɽɷ㲻޺ˣ御˼ˡ
㲻ҲʲôûֻѣҲһ޺ˣʲôǴһֵģзݣһһ꣬ѵӦã
ʲôһ֣ʲôзݣⶫҽһҵģ
˺ܲϲ
ʱڰ֣ˣˣͬУһһꡣ
ԭܲˣ춼ô˵ˣҲٶ˵ʲô
ȻʦЦƳˣЩˣΪȻҲܻ뱱׵Ժʲôʵַɡ
˶ʱŭˣôĵԺƨ£
Ҳüͷһ壬ЩĮɨãʦ˵ĻЩˣ룬ҵѵǸ
⻰õɫʱòÿƾʲô
ƾ˵˲˵Ļ

׵ܵܣЩҲǶܺãڻʳõ֮һǻԴж˵裬£Բ̡
ҲǸأ
õɫ
һһ꣬ͬһһ룬̵Ǹ
䵭
õɫüΪѿһƬࡣ
ҶˣһһΪһС㣬޷ǾǹżңҲҪǣõɫӲѿվһ㳯Զȥ
üȴֻҡҡͷ
ӴˣʲôУ
˺ܲˬ췢֣һ˽˺ħΪһֱ츩ӵʣɹȴӲҪһ꣬ΪӦƤ֮ʵܲϲ
ˣ˸ͬ
ҡҡͷ
Ǽһãⶫƾʲôָ֡˺ǳǲ˺ͻصԺ㽫һʱԽսҲһսˣ
һ㣬Կͻ

ãҵģڲſǽ㣬ڱÿЩΪҿɲ뿴˵ѹšҡͷ漴ֺЦңǿˣܸõ
ǡ
˵˽˵ҵˣ
ɫ
ЦЦǺðɣġ
ˣͦжһĺܹ
˵ܿһʱȥһʱ䣬ûʲôҰҡ
ˣϾܲժˡ
˵
ͷӴʯվ
ʱԶҵ֦һ󶶶ӰӺ˳
ŶȻ꣡
һӵ⡣
Ա߻һˣһϮ£ǹżĮЦ
Ŀˣʱһ䣬뿪õĹãʱ򣬲öʲôҲ֪ôһ£뿪󣬽쵽
֣֣ûƭǰɡ
õ
Ϊһ˽ĵ˵ͷ
ãǾһ;޺ˣ㾹Ȼǣı𣡡
ŭ
úĵҲõ


161 һ
춢ŹãЩ䣬û뵽Լ˶ԷһԷȴԹ£Ȼ
֪͸Ͼɱ⹷

ú⣺ô˵ɡ
ˣǵǵ£ҿɲǰһ쵭԰ɣڵԺﵹͦڣҪˣʵʵ뿪ǿԲΪ㡣
ҪˣҷֵĶ
ޱ顣
Ҳһ𿴵ˣҲзݡýǣѾ׸˽٣ʶһ㣬ٵĶû˶ᡣ
ɫ΢䣺٣ţ
֪ͺá

õ϶Ļش˵ɫЩѿ
ˣϽ
͵ĵ˾䡣
˵ţȫ˵˿ռ䡣
ﬣ
ХһâűߣնһĹ
˭ǰˡ
䵭
ɫʱһƶ֮⣺Ҷ֣
ҵĶӦվŲ
췴ʡ
Աߣһæ죬СˣøǺˣ뿪
üԲԾΪʳҵһү壬һҲ̫η壬ɴ˿ȴһܼɵӡ
ѹǽŵˣǸˣǵﲻ𡣡
ﲻ𣿡
ü
˼ɵ񣬿ţʳĽҴ٣ʮˣ츳Ѿ۷ΪλӻʳǷưһⶼҪģҪһݡ
һݣʲô
ʵ
ǡ
˿ڣҪ˵ʲôȴǱֱӴϡ
ˣĶˣɨ죺ҵҲǺ޶ȵģ̹ǲߣͽΪУ
ɫ΢䣬ߣٺ˵
ͣ
˾䣬ץֱۡ
ⶫǵġ
˵
˶ʱۣʱЦ
˼˼ʳл˸ҺͽԣȤ죬Ц찡죬ڱ׵Ժ£֪㲻ôô򷢣ȴ֪˴󵨣ٵĶ
֪
õ
ޱ飬Ц˿Ҳ⣬ֻǵ۾ǱˣԴżˣĸʱ򣬶˶̥̣
˵ʲô
ʱ
еӾ͸֪ҵĶڣҵĶ
䵭
ĿԱ
ʳУ潯ٵˣ㻹ǵһ
Ц
ĿΪɭһǿϢɢ˳ѵ
˵ţ˳ȥ
һĻ˶ʱɫһߣЦź˼i
ȻҺλߵ˶죬
ÿ֪жô£ԺһЩ϶ʮּɵңҲǱ׵ԺԺĵӣΪǴ졣
һѹ˵ɫԽԽѿ
λ£뿪˵ţȥק죬ɥ򣬿߰ɣǽߵˣҪǣܵｯţ
ҡҡͷūŶѣ̫⡣
ʱɫһȻǡ
ɫüΪ
˵ţһ˲ǰֱһƳ¡

ţһϡ
ҽһĵɣײڲԶһϣȳһѪ
һû뵽Ȼһžͱ߷ˡ
ʱƿ˵֣˽һ𣬶ʱ䣬һٶȿľˣӦͱһնУѪˮʱ
⡭
˵ɴ˫ۣŵĶһĻǿܹоĵԲǹÿȣɾǿˣȴǱһ߷ɣһǺεǿս
վŶӣ㾹Ҷ֣
ɨһԷǰ
Щˣʱ򣬳仰˵𡣡
˵ţ֣һƳ
žһٴκɣݻѪˮ
㡭
Ѫˡ
ôˣ켸ٴǰһȥݺؿϣҼǵ˵ҪҵѵڣҰ仰㡣
˵ţٴγ֣סһֱۺݺһŤ
һֱ۶ʱŤϡ

ҽУʹĶͷ亮ֱͬʱҲޱ𺳣찡ȴЩĶңֵʵ̫ˡ

һߣ˱ɫʶ
ɨȥˣ㡣
וּһʩչ׽һâն۵һȹᴩ
ʱҽ֮ͷƤ顣
㾹Ҷ˶֣ὯٵĶŰɣٶɱ㣡

˵Ķһ䣬˽һһ׽նұ۹ᴩһǰһŽߵڵϣٸһλᣬ˭˭Ķ
˽绡˸ͫϣ۾ֻа粻
˳ʱɫ䡣
ǣǣĶ

ұ۱ᴩһָܻ۾ǱƣǾû취޸ˡ
񲻸Ҷ᲻ᶯ֡
һŴؿƿһѰࡣһʱɣײڲԶһϡ
ҵ찡ֱӿˡ
һߣø𺳣Ҳû뵽صȻô׾ͱڵأĲһ̣ɫٴͱ䣬Ϊ쳯ˡ
㡭Ҫʲô
̲סһ
וּһһնѸݡ
ۣ
Ѫ𣬹õһֱ۶ʱб˳ȥ
޵ѪˮڿУ䵽˹Լϣʱ䣬õֱŤһһֻŶϱ۴ڵϷĲҽ
Ҿ£ȴ𱨣һۣ֪ˣ

˵ţһնöֱ۳׽顣
һУٿһۣԣʱɢζѾŨ㣬ȻѾԲժûԥԪɿ㣬˳֮󣬶ʱ䣬Ӿ˵Ϣ첻ɵò죬ŨʵЩˡ
ˡ
뵽ʯУͷ˵˾䡣˵꣬Ҳˣֱѭһ뿪
˼ľĵͷ뿪


162 
뿪ϿȴʱһƬԿտĲݵϡһ͵ı飬첻ɵͣ
ôˣ
ʵ
˿ɥε鷳Ǵˡ
ΪǸţ

ǰǽš
˵ͷ
쿴ˣ˶٣ߵһԹ˵ɣΪʲôǸɵ츳ûʲô˲ʮﵽ۷Ҳ㲻ʲôưһҲӦòη壬Ϊʲô
Ļ˶ʱ츳ûʲô˲ʮﵽ۷㲻ʲôưһ岻һ룬˲ɵһͷۣ⻰Ҳǰλôƽ˵ɡ
̾˿˶֮ǰҲǺͽǼһﻹһݣһñ׹Һ͵ԺǶɵݡ
ʲôݣ
ʵ
֮ǰȷʵᵽһ㣬Ǹʱ˵Ļˡ
˶죬һɫ˵Ǽһﱻĳſˡ
Щɻ󣺡ţ
ӣЩ죺㲻֪𣿡
ҡҡͷ֣ǵһ˵
һΪ֪أ֪ҲϾ£ʳҲֻлҺͼ֪һЩš˶죬ɫţȴǳԽ˻Ȩ͵۹ľԴڣЩڵ˾˵࣬ȴǿߣվ򡣿˵һĳǺͳԷˮһ򵥣׾١
΢ôǿ
ţȻվǿ֪׹ҵػҲֻǲʶѣǱһ㹩ţڣȴվǿߴڣ
ǿܿ£Խͨ˵֪˿ɥ˵һǰűĳĳϿУʮͻ뿪׹ǰУΪ֮ˣһΪ֮ˣǵĲξͲһˣҲö֮ϹϾҲˣǼһŻûʳη塣
΢΢Ĭԭˣѹʱǰɵ
֪һжţнŵһ
ʵ
ҾͲ֪ˣֹ֮һŰɣڽǱĸſУҸӲЩɶأҲͻҺͼ˲֪
˵

ͷ
һί״ɽҶ˵ˣø˾ǣںˣǼһǸ߰Եĺܣ϶Ź㡣
һȻһίӣ
ˣ⣬ûʲô˲𡣡
˵
Ҳ֪ڵԼ
˷ۣ⻹ûʲô˲𣿡
Ȼ밡Ҫʳǣʲô£˵ЩӺǸŵνʱͿˡ
Ȥ
ǰһеӣ˶٣ֶ죬˵ô⻰˵ĺӡ
ţ

ðɣšǣҲûðڲ˼ҺüСء
ѵõˮ
ԣҪŬ
ʱȥ
˵
첻ʲôҲôҰɡ
˵
˵ţվԻ˸о£ǳĳȥ
ȵҽ򣡡
æȥ
ʱһֱħȫΪԹߣΪ켸ȫѰ弶޶սʱȥ֣˸ȫΪո޺˵ˡ
յʱǰһСɽ
ȥϢ¡

ȻǰͲˣʱһͷͷ׿棬СĸһĿܹϢһ£ϲּ¡
ɽԳʪУһʯ
ɨܣʯȡһ
ʲô
ɻ


һæץס֣𰡽ʱţʱ˵ⶫͽźͽ⣬Ҫˣǿɾûһ·ˡ
춢ˣίȫ𣿡
񡣡
˺ԥҡͷ
ǲͽˡ

˵ǽţŵˣҪԼĶҲԲɡʱöýˣ첻ˣػһ޾Ҫǣᱻ۸
ǡ
ˣģһŶѣҵʱ䣬Ű
˻˵ʲôȴǱˡ
Σֻ÷ۣ⻰˵ĺðҽһϲ㡣
죺
˰æܣʼתļʱ䣬Լȥֺľﵽ۷塣Ҳʱȡо׽ž˵ķ㣬һ㽫֮븹С
ԼȥʮһԸоڳܣ·𱻺ˮû˰㣬ңЩܷ·ʶһ㣬ľӿȥдھУ΢ǣžŸĵѨ
⡭
Щȡ
һֵܼҵıҩȻͬѰ
֮ģһԼǣڵľȺ³ŸĵѨʼĵѡͷ­Ƣ֡
ˣ
âϢڷٱǿ
վһߣɢϢɵһȡ
ǿ
˵ۣ֪ϢȫԱȵǿˡ
⣬âԽԽŨܿ㹹һ룬Ϣǿ˲٣Ҳʱ򣬵һ꣬ȡ˵ڶ֮ǰһһתļһ߽׽븹С
ʱٴӿϡ
ʱĹâԽԽŨԽԽǿ
һ㡣

ʱҵʹУʱȴȫʹʱѾ˴Լųɣʣһɾܹɣ
򣬼ͣ
˵ܹоϵϢҪһٽˡ
һٽ㣬Ǳ죡
˫ۣ߶ȼУʱԵΪרע
ܿ죬ʱȥ
䣡
һ̣һǿԪڳܶʱˡ
ĲԶͷڶʹòסա
ֱȥȷڽʧ
˫ۣӻɫʯ̨վ˫ȭǹһĨЦ⡣
ô򣿡
˹ȥ
졣
Ц
˶ʱ¶ϲɫ̫ˣĻԽս岻ˡ
ͷڣһս
ңʤİա
ŻǸⰡ
ֿɥ


163 ɱ
ʵ̫ǿˣλ涼ΪҪǣſһ㣬Եޱȸߴһ뵽˽ţôԸ˿̿졣
ͱˣҡ

Ž򰡣ͬҽһǣǽĺܿ¡
˵
ҡҡͷȴǲ⡣
ʯóһ콫֮ݸˣʣһ꣬ڽӦԴﵽ硣
˿ۣʱҡͷ
ô
졣
˵ʣһҲǺ°ֻôһ꣬ʱҲܼŵŭǸһĺܿ£Ժ϶ܼɵ
û£Ҳ⡣

Ⱑҽ϶ҲⰡһϣһϣҪڰһ˿ϣˣҽ֪󣬿϶ңҽʵģ
˿ɥ
ʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
գûǿˣ
ڻȥ𣿡
ʵ
ҡҡͷʱٵȼɣȰѾ繮һ¡
ԼΪͻƵ̫ˡ
ðɡ
˵ͷ
ʵ˵ڻǲѧԺȥܾûȥûɶ¡
ƺ֪ʲô˵ļ򣬵ˡ
뿪ⷽɽ˳ȥ¿˿ħһЩĵطȥƬִڵ·ǳϣԽȥе޾Խǿ
ŵ㰡
ֹǰ쾡弶ս־¡
û⡣

Լһʱ󡭡
䣡
һƬּ䣬Ѱһͷޣֱӳȥսһ
˶һܣռΪˣٿǰ޶սĳֱð亹ǿǿ۷ް
Ƭ̺һҽ𣬴ض¡
޺ˡ
е
ϣ֮սһԼȭɱ˶Է
㲻˵ŵôޣ

̯̯֣ѾˣҿصֲǺѾǺѹˣˡ
ˣ
˶٣Ҳþˣ˵ȭԽӴˡ
Щ˼ʩչٴμȭȭѾЩ˽⡣
ȭԼƿ߳ɡ
Ц
Ѿ߳ˣô죿۷似
һ
ЦЦС
ڣʩչȭʱѹԪʱֲˣȻֻһ̶϶ѣϾûгƿȭֻ߳ɶѡңԪѹȭʱҵʹС
쿪ʼǰħһЩĵط
䣡
սܿٴ
Ϊ˹̾磬ĥԼսʶ켸ȫսһδսУоԼøǿһתĸ˳
ˣܿǰ¹ȥ
һ죬ħԵ˳
ڳˣ
ؿڣĳ˿ħĥʱ䣬˵Ǽֺ£˷ܣΪѰսЩһǿı̬弶޺޾Ͳ˵ˣһΣȥһͷ۷ޣǿǿǿڣʱŵ˵û˶Ȼӵˡ
ЦЦߣѧԺȥ
µϵϢΪȫңͬһʱ䣬ļȭҲѾƿ˰˳ɣʩչӵӦ֡
úһصԺ
صԺ췢ֲ˿ָ֣
Ǹ죬ڻˡ
һҪùˡ
˵Ǹˡ
ٵԺСš
ΪѾǿЩԺӵǳСȴĺüͷ
ô˽򣿡
ʵ
ûʲô
ҡҡͷ
ɨܣ˶ٺ󣬴սС˵ֺܲԤаңôЩһ￴ͬƵģ
ĸоǶԵġ
Ц
ú˻صס
ǰŲŸոմ߽ȥƨɻûȣݱǼĸˡ
Сһôǵˣ
ݵһ仰ˡ
ûô⣬ȴһʦô֪
ϻô᲻֪ʮǰŷȥҰѶЩ죺˽ŵĶ
һЦȴǲмĶ
ţô£
ֱ飬Щɻ

˿ڣ򵥵Ľľ˵¡
ԣݶʱĬˡ
ڰɣ
졣
ʣһꡣ

ļ򣬵СһȻô˵㲻ˣ㻹ǽһȥɣˣŻпܷŹ㡣
üҵĶ
֪ǣǽš
ε
ΣӣҲûҽԼĶ

ݿЦ֪һԸ񣬿ǰˣɡ
˵꣬ҡҡͷ˳ȥ
ߺ󲻾ãغϸˡ
죬ô£ôｯš
˿żɽ
˾Ȼ첻ɵһЦţ󡣡
غ΢ظô¡
һΣԼڣ򵥽¼ľ˵һ顣
غʱüͷͬǰ㣬˵ĻﾹҲǺһ޶죬ʣµİɣУţ˿һȥŽŲ̫Ϊ㡣
˶챧кܴڴȻ
춢ˣ֪һ⣬ȴҡҡͷ
ԼĶԼȥԲɣ
ض죬׵ԺԴʼΪԼµӣһֱʹһɹǾǲɱͬţΥߣɱ⡣ڵԺɱˣ³оŻ飬ǲˡ㣬Ѿˣ˵ףɴڡ
˵ض˶٣ţԺ򣬸ԼڵԺɱˣɱκˣɱˣǣ޷ôҲûôȻҲֳֻܱĬҵ˼ɶ
˼ǣ㽯ڵԺɱңҲ˵ʲôڣǿɱңҲ
ƽʵ
غûлر⣬Ե˵ͷ
õ˵ĻشֻǵЦЦ
Ҳ˵ʲôƽΪͲνĹƽҸ˵ʲô׵Ժŵĺ԰Ļֻһ䡭춢źغɱǻΣ


164 ʿɱ
Ļغɫ΢䡣
˶٣ȴҡҡͷֻ˵ϾΪôǽŵĶ֣
£Ҳ˵ʲôҲΪãӦ֪
̾
֪Ҳлλϵĺ⡣

ɨˣѾ֪˽ŵݣһΣţʮ꣬츳أưһңһµſУЩӦöɣ

ƽ
ͷôĴأ
춢ˣҡҡͷ
غ죬нһĨâ
ûнţǻʳͬһˡ
ص
ľȻ³ç֪أһУ
ȻȾǱ㲻ǿ뽯޻һʱ䣬ʱıע⣬ʱǣȥš

˵ţݸһŴ
˹һ񣺡лλϡ
غ˰֣̾˿˳ȥ
Խ͵ǰĿԶŽŹϡ
򣬴ɷ
˵
죬һڴȻϣܰպ˵
ǲǴɷڹꡣ
ðɣɷӲ
ðߣ
һﶼװʲôЩ߰Ķ
أ㲻ˣҽɵعˣ𣿡
˱Ĵȡ
񺹣϶һҪ㣬һ㡣
ɫúڰòײ˰Լߵһߣʯȡٶʼ̻ӷ뿪ʱڿʦױ˲ٲϣ˴ʯ䣬˿̣ȡһЩϣɫƽ̻򵥵ƺơ
ˣһҹܿȥ
Ҫӽʱʱ֣ɨۻˣ˵ͷ߳ס⡣Ժסÿݼľ붼̣ΧԼסתʱʱ¼㣬һЩСһһȥ
һʱ³һ֡
ˡ
˾䣬߻ӡ
ѾͣղһֱתʲôأɢʲôģӦöЩӻ׵ͷô
СƨϹ˵ʲô
бһۡ
˶ʱҾͱС¡
ҲС

ֱӲ˵ˡ
һ죬û߳סǾסȭ⣬ȭͲ׽ȭѹͿԪ£ҲǿֻҪѹԪȥС
ȥɳתת
˵
ҡͷʱȥ
Ϊʲô
͡
΢㶣˲Ȼ˵Ż鷳
ܡ
һǻܣ
죺һۣ˵ҾãȻؼȥȽϺá
죬ʱҡͷ
ȥŽ򣡡
˵
㲻Ǻܼɵ𣿡棬˵ңҲûʲôð￴ְˡ
˶ʱƲҡ
캹գûе£ˡ
֮ȥӺɷǿʱֱӾͶߡ
˴һӡ
챻ˣ˵ɷ𣿡
ڹꡣ
Ӳ
бۿ죬å
ðߣһһơ
죬
ʱһ
⣬Ϥ
ˡ
˵
ˡ
˽һ䣬ȴ΢΢Щס
ЦЦ˳ȥֻԶվ꣬ǲǰħҪ
ǵѾˣ
쵭
ʱɫһпһŭħڵ¡
ȥ٣ͬʱߵĽٵ
ĵ
Ķ
ۡ
ʱ˿̣ԺסѾΧ˲ˣŵҪȥѾ׵Ժ˶²ܻᷢЩʲôȻһ·ˣʱԶԶ
üȻ͸˽٣ôǽٵĶħ߽ٵĶɽʴȣһĻᣬǰǸҽˣٻɷһ·

ˣ˫ۣһΣ˭˭Ķ
ߵ˽ٵĶ
죬䣬Ȼ֪ǿȴǱ׵Ժ޾졣
ܺã𰸣Һ⣡䣬˲ǰٵȭʱ˺ɡ֮ӹ֮ǰĻΪˬҪ˷ййǵĴ˷йĽڡ
㡭
ﬣ
Хг˽ּ䣬ʮâ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪҺͬʱĲҽҲһ
˿̣˺ңױâ˺ѣѪۡ
㡭
죬־ŭ
쵭Įˣһһ˽űߣնһĽۣҪԼҡȻԸǿͷҲ⣬˿ɱҡ
ɫ԰ףߺ޵Ķ졣
ţ
ݻ໥ţǱ뿪Ժס
Ժ⣬Χóһ·ֱԶЩ˲ٴ죬һ̲ϵľ֮ɫôҲβס
һȻѾôǿˣ
ǿԺĵӰȻ
µս
ս˺Ȼѣ뱱׵Ժô̵ʱ䣬սȻѾﵽ˳̶ȣδ̫Щ
һﵨ̫ˣǿǽߵ˰
ô뽯ΪУ
ˣͽŶ𣡡
ϧһӢš
˵
ȻǺҪͽԣԴˣûκ˿졣
Ͼ˶ˡ
򡣡
۰Ͱ͵졣
Ȼһﻹϣܹպغ˵
ʿɱ裬仰Ӧöɣ


˵ͷ
ЦⲻͽˣӦòϣҵųʲôİɣ
ϣ
ҡͷ
Ǿˣȥţɫ磬㿴һϷ
쵭
գգۣʲôϷ
ʣžС

;ס֮⣬ֳ˽һҲ
úԶкȺƿʮ꾶ֱߣƽɢϢǿ


165 Ժ
ʮˣԺסΧ߾Աɫ
Ժĵӣ
ʮˣ
˽ţĲ壬Լ˵⣬˶ˣ
űΪԺ֮ЩԺȻ߲ơ
죬Ҫˣ
̲סҡͷ
˴ڷһĻɫʱЩ԰ס
ʮ꣬ʮ㣬϶ɫֱסǰ
죿
һվ˳Į졣
վԶս߶˿Һ࣬죬ʯģҲ˶ˣ
⡭
˶ɵľ
˽࣬ɫû˿ı䡣
˺⣿
ƽ
ĵǰΪβȥ
ʮ˸ɫĮڣϴϷʵЦһԺѣȻΥԺ֮Ϊ
Ŷʮˣ΢΢ۣ鷳
ʮ˽һ㶣ͬʱЦ
ҪôΪҲû
һ˵
ƫͷȥһ꣬ԼʮңʱһϷʵı顣
ʱϲ鷳
Ц
䣬һ𣬶ʱ䣬һâ
۵һ굱ᴩɳȥԶ
㡭
ѪҲǱȾˣŭĶ졣
Ȼһ̣һâն
Сģ
һһնһǵâ
Ƕһȴˡ
һѣһԺʧȥս
̫ǿ˰ɣǿǿ߰
Χļ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ԺӾԶݣһԺõȻ˿µսȻô׾˵еһˣ
ɫôĵӣˣ
ʮ˶죬񶼱ú䡣
ЩˣӱΣƣҺͺǣңǼңȫɱ£Ҳǵһе׼⣬̫ڸ
ĻһΧ߸
ȫɱ
ЩȫԺӰĵ
ļ¡
ʱ˵ɫΪѿǿʵ̫ˣҪȫɱһȻΪʵ̫ڲⱡ

˾䣬гһյɢ
Ʒ
˵
鵶ֱӳȥп䵭
ʱХվԭأ˽ݺһ𣬶ʱ䣬ʮ׽һնʺΧ֮Ƴȥ
ɫæ鵶
ﬣ
ûͣ£ʮѹ¡
ʱ鵶ٻ裬նһĽȻնĽ̫ˣÿһ϶绡ž죬ƣӦԡ
ۣ
ڣһâ磬ֱӹᴩһǰ͸Ѫ
ƺһϵ磬Ѫֱ
һĻ˶סˡ
࣬ǿడԺĵǿߣȻҲ
˽𾪡
˴ס˫Ŀֱɣ
ɫԵޱͬʱҲΪ𺳣ôҲû뵽ԼΪȻһԺµش
࣡
ʱԺǰ
ԺĵӣΪ죬ʱ౻ˣһԱɫ
ߵĹʵ
һ
࣬ɫĮ
˵ʲô
ɫ࣬նһǹޱȷŭ
˵ˣޱ飬ָʮˣ㣬ǣһǽŵĹ˵仰Լĸĸɱɣ
㡭
ʮɫѿֱ
䵭һмңһ̣վԭأֳ˽һĳŶʮ˱ȥ˽һâ˸ɢ
⡭
ʲô
ѣѵǡ
һĻΧ߽Աɫ
һ̣Ѿʮһ֮⣬ֱӶ֣Хˡ
ﬣ
ʮâΪɢͬʱնʮˡ
õ
ʮ˴ŭ
һǚiһչ˲һǰһȭӳ
һ˶ʱҽУһȭԶڵϺҲͬһʱ䣬һһ쫷絴ݺһ˵ĸ

˲ҽУѪֱͦͦĵɳȥ
ȴޱ飬˽һδλӳȭͷһδ¡Ųʮ֮˸ÿһζֶһ˺ɣһ˱ᴩǡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮƮڿУʱвҽ
Ѿ죬Ϊ۾ѾŽ׵Ժǰ壬ټս츳ˣޱǿᣬһԺӸǶ֡
찡
⡭⣬սԺ𣿡
࣬ɣ
⣬ȥû·ھƣ
̬
Χ߼ʯ
ʱ˿̣չǵȿֲĽĺǽԺ˵ĶʮȫС

ҽ˱նˣȥԶ

ŭһһʩչϵ似ն졣
һܿһһƳ˳ȥ
žһûֱܱܿӱһƳգң֮ȣݺһؿڡ
ۣ
һѪˮҰŹͷѵƺ߹Ǳ߶ˡ
ƾǣҲ鷳

˵⻰ʱеĶȴûͣ£ȭ׽֮似һһչ֣ѹԺ˵Ķʮ˺޷֮һ䵹ڵء
̶̰ʱʱ䣬˵Ķʮˣվš
ҵ񰡣
⡭⡭ֱǹ
һսʮˣȻܹһôеģ
Ժ¶Ѱ
̫˰ɣ
˾
һ̣죬Щ̲ס
˴棬Ӳ㶼˳
Ժ˶죬һɫѿ֮ͬʱҲ𾪲ѡ
ǲ鷳𣬼

˶죬Ǽɵڣ˿־塣
һ˺ǶʮˣȻ˵ز
ǲô
䵭
˵ţһ˲һǰһȭӳ
㡭
飡
ٶ̫ˣ˻ӦǱɣײڲԶһԺӵסϣ۵һѪ˳漴ĵȥ
ʱƫͷסˡ
ﬣ
׽˽һ˵Ľâתۼ佫նˣһһȫ߷˳ȥܿ죬Ժ˵Ķʮ˱ֻʣһվţࡣȻ˿Ҳǿ֮ĩɫΪѿ
ʱȴǲٶ֡
ȥ߽ţҪԼң
Į


166 һ
ԺסΧ߽ԱסˣΪı̬ʵΪĻ
ǸŹ
⡭
̫ˣ
˺Һ
ŵʳ˲֪ҶҪɵȻ׵ԺĳҲøӣȴŹǺεǣ
ɫΪѿ졣

ຮ
Ŀӣһǰֱһ߳
һ౻иʱɳȥɶԶ
ҪýԼ
䵭
ûмţǣŵĻܲˬŻѧԺԼȥҪϱԼȥ浱Լǵۻˣֿ԰ˣӵĿ񣬾˿档
㡭
Ѫŭ졣
ȥ˻˵
Ȼ䣬ɢһɱ⡣
ʱգϵѾˣʵۻɱԲǿЦ£һЩþսĵ۹˻Ҫ£ʱݺһ
ɫĶһۣһҧͷߡ
ɲǼѣʧԺס
ʱԺססǰ˵һԺӣڵϣʱʱһʹֿǺأ˶Ѿˡ
̫ˡ
쵭Į
˵ţһ𣬲׽һӴ쫷硣
飡
飡
飡
ڵϵĶʮԺȫɴƷ˳ȥٴβҽС
һĻΧһ
һúݣ
ļ¡
ɨЩһۣ⣬ƽĳסȥ
̫˧ˣҪǸŮģһ޸㣡
ݡ
죺

ʱԺ
Ժģһ̨ϣӰд裬ٶȼ죬ɢƽԺǿǽ۷ĲΣÿһײ̨¡¡𶯡
һҵĽ棬ڣͣ
ţǹ£ͬΪ۷壬ȴǿˡǺǣʮ˳ɾͣѹܱſС
һЦ
ΪĲʮΪʳĶμδ̳ˡ
һϮ£ԵúܿʣڶĲĻû˿Ӧ
١
ʱһ
̨£ѾϵɼŽͶĲսȴǲҴţֱͣŷҳ
ɨ࣬ϵ˰Ҳ⣬ֻǵ
ഹͷûܽǸ˵
˵ʲô
źƽ
˵ҪԼȥ
ͷ
˵⻰Լ̲סһ
ⷽռһֱԵЩ
̧ͷȴŽǹ𣬸һаĸо
Ž˱飬ʱоһͷƤ飬ɵֱð亹ǵãһǰиԺӲСײ˽ţŵʱҲ¶ֱ飬ǸԺֱӱ֫ΪҲǱȫϡ
࣬ǶʮǰûˣĲʵ
ഹͷ٣ǣˣܣǿǲǶ֡˵⻰ʱԵСɫЩη壬ⲻΪ죬½š²ܣ½ŻͽΪǰй¡
Ŷǿһ϶Ƕ֣
ĲЩ졣
ǣǡ
ӲͷƤ
Ĳ°ͣЦһУǳ˸ţԺ±սѹֵҵնɱ׵ܵܣȷʵǿ󡣲һǸ߹ԼȻ㡣
ĲλԺڶΪμδ̳ˣԽʱȴԵúСġ
ڶĲķУŰ㷴ӦҲûУһּΪϳɵС
նһţ˼
ŵ
˵ţŵ̨ҲĲк㳯Ժȥ
кϷˡ
ĲЦȥ
೤˿ڶĲСĸϡ

ԺסڷڣĬĬתļԵúƽ
˵ģǸĻԹ
˲
ᡣ
쵭
ԺʮˣǴӲ˽һĶ⣬ܿ϶ŻңǱɱ̬
˼ˣôôƽ
Ϊʲôƽ
췴ʡ
ǿǽŰ۷Ľţſеţ
˴
Ȼأ
Ȼ󡭡
˲֪Լ˵ʲôˣΪ˵ʲô춼һģ·춯ҡ
˾ԼץˣʹץԼͷ
ˣһŶѣʲôˡ
쵭
һţѣ˵죬аǿûҶɵĽţõԺǶ޿κεĽţȻöݡ
Σȴſһ㣬ʲô
츳
Ҳǡ
۷壡
Ϊɱҡ
ˣĻֲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ﬣ
ʱХסʱһűֱն
ʱ䣬һɿ˵ŵŵŵԶ
⣬ǡ
˵ɫֱӰˡ
쵭ĮһЦʱվԹԵ߳Ƶķ䡣
ȥֻԶվ꣬һһϮ£ȥܿʣƷǷ˲סĿӡֻǿһۣ֪ˣ꣬ӦνĽˡ
Žţоһ˿
Ȼһն
㸸ĸûн̹Ӧô𣿻˵ûе̣
쵭
ԺסΧ߼嵹һ㵱ʯ
Ǹţ
ˣǷˣ
ģһμôˣǡ֪˵ʲôˡ
˼
Ŷ죬˫ԵüΪ죬һ֮
ԱߣĲ죬һȤζӡ

̲סȵ
ɨһۣδʱñ죬Ļ׼
㡭
ŭ죬קȭͷ
ʱ˵ŵ𣺡˵ûһȥ
˵ţųһ֣ʱֱӽɡ
һײԶһԺӵסϣʱȳһѪֱȥվʹͷ­Բ٣ˡ
ɨࣺһ˼𣿡
ŭ죬˫ȭ
ƿĿ⣬ڽϣղһƣ˽ŵʵȷʵǿֲܿ
ƽվ죬ҵأ
ħѰȻ˵ģ
쵭Ц
ű˫֣ƽ˵Ǳǣó
óأ
ʵ
ƽĮɱ򣬱ɱ
ʱЦˣЦĺܷܲм
̧𳤽ֱָţʱ佣Х̶һԣܷɱҡ


167 
һԣܷɱҡ
ƮƮһ仰дʱ˽Աɫ
һԽţôĵӣ
ļ¡
Ĳ죬ԵøȤˡ
񣡡

ԺӺȳ⡣
ɫĮ˽ֱնһߣԶЩ
Х𣬰һ쫷磬ڵļԺ˳ȥ
һǿƣ
˵
Ŷ죬ƽû˵򹷻ÿ𡣡
˵Ǻܿϧûʸҹ˼ɣԣߵĹֻܵù쵭Ǿ仰ô˵ţˣ˭Ǹˡ
ʱһԺӸɫࡣ
裡
裡
ŵɫ΢΢Щ˹ȥСӡ
ʱ䣬һɰѹȥ·һɽڿ
ˣ
һƱøǿͬ纣ˣ졣
ܣԺӿŽţһʵЩ£ȿֲƣʶ֮мܹס
죬Ҫˡ
ҡͷ
ˣ
̤ڶiϵǿ˼֣ͬŵĵ
ܿ죬ǰ̧𣬳ճ˹ȥ
ȻҪȽѵѵ졣
ޱ飬̧һסŵ
⣬⡭
סˣ
ôܣ
Χ߽ԺȻſ۷ǿߣһƳ֮ȴ׵ľͱ
סŵһƣ죬ǾȻôǿᣬе˼
Ĳ
һĨɫ죬ƽ֡
Ϊ˭
쵭Į
һ𣬶ʱ䣬пµĽɢ
ɫ侲ֱɿŵ֣źȥɽ⣬Щ¡
ɫƽ˲ٴοһɲǰһȭ
ķӦ̧ӭȥ
һֻȭͷײһ𣬶ʱ䣬ֻоһɿ񱩵ϣʹƺһԶѪܵ˾޴𵴣һѪҺʱӿϺȴǱǿȥ
ˣɫҲ΢΢Щ԰ס
򣡡
̲סеǵһμԿ
ɨһˣ˿Ҳ⣬Ŀٴϡ
ҵ
ŵ
ɫƽ򵥵ĽһΣ˽ŵʵȷʵֲܿڵԶԶǶ֡ȻˣȴǸֳһĨЦ৵һһУ㵱ɢ
ҪԼá
Į
Ժס˶еĶɵý¶ɫ
ŨζǾ
˵һֵܼңѵõıҩ
һ֮ɫ
Ŷ죬һ꣬ȫó
꣬ˡ
Ц
һĨâһһɽƺƣ㳯˹ȥҽŵĶҲ̣
񱩵ƲϴӽɢɫԱ䡣
⡭ãúÿ£
ʶ֮£˭ܵס
Ǹ죬ˣ
¶ϧ֮ɫ
̫Եˣ֪ûдȴǲҶ˵仰
ǰĺڷĿ趯Щʹ
򣡡
˾֪ԼﲻʲôæȴǴס˳
ȥ
쵭
˽Ųһ٣Ϊʲôڻôƽ
챳ˣ˵ˣ㿴һϷڣȥš
һ㶣ܺɣȴԥ˻ȥ
ʱ򣬽Ѿܽˣǿ񱩵ƱøͣоǼһµĽ⡣
˵֮£ȴԵúƽŽţе˽һûʯУֻ̧ţˣɱԹҡ
Ļ£ʱ䣬𶯣ӿ񱩵Ĳֱϡ
֮ڶΪģԲʮɵĵȫѿһ˵Ľϡʱ䣬ĽڰգǵȿµĽԺס˽Աɫ
⡭
öĽ⡭ô£
Ǹ죬ʲô
ˡ
ʱĲǿ߶ɫһ䡣
һ̣쫷𣬽âգԲʮɵĿռڣ֪жٽݺᣬȫ·
ʲô
ųʵȻоȽĿֲ
ûʲô
쵭Į
£һʱ䣬ʮ׽
ɫƣ֮ʱصš
ħص׵ԺȥݣǺغԺ϶Եţȥţܲˬ졣Ǹʱ̻˽ٸƺͼƣ֮סΪĵʮɵķΧڣ͵ŽԼܿ϶һ
ﬣ
Хһ𣬴̶ꡣ
ɫǰˣϷ㻹̫ۣ
˵ţгһ񽣣ȻһƷֻһնռ䶼纮˪̹ǡ
ҵĺ꽣
ǿ
ʶ似˵Ѿ׽ƿ߳ɣ
Χļ¡
񱩵һһ˪磬ҪһУնɱһС
ȻҲʱʮ׽
һɨĺ꽣ʱ˺ѣʮ׽Ʋ˲Ϣն䵽ǰ
۵һһû뽯磬ʱһĿѪ졣
⡭
˵˽ţ
ôܣ
˽Աɫ
˴סһĻӲûɳ
⡭
һ̣һ촽ˡ
ɫƣһ֯ž˸Ļꡣ
ŵɫΪѿбŽ˺Ȼɱ⡣
Ҫ
죬ź
ޱ飺仰ԭԭĻ㡣
䣬һʱ䣬Ĳ׽·ǽһ㳯Ž׹ȥ׽Ҳʶ似׽ѾƿɣңͨеĽƽ׽ڣһЩÿһԿʶâµ㡣
꽣Х
Ŵȣһչܼĺ˪
Ȼȴãܼĺ˪ɲǼͱѹµĲ׽˺飬ߵ׽˽ڡʱ䣬ŵֱӱȾѪ죬ɵôѪɫ˲ò԰
춢ŽţģұܿҪ档
ɫקȭͷ
ʱһ֣ʮ׽ѹ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһƮɲǼ䣬һʮ
ЩâǲвˣȴǵŵŵŵĺԶһʱǱ
ôˣ㲻ǽôǱʧ
վԭأ


168 
ƽڽŶȴޱȵĴ̶
ɱ㣡
ź
ҵš
ƽ
˵ţһӣʱ䣬ʮ׽â
۵첻ϣٴʮѪˮֱ
⡭
ǸţȻȻѹˣ
콣âôģ
һ̣Χ߽Աסˡ
ԭأһ£ɾˣȴǲش꽣ǿҲãסЩâȫ˺顣
飡
һٴκɡ
ʱͷĽâɶľˣ֮ڶ
ŵɫΪѿС󣬴û˵ң
ڣˡ
쵭
וּһָһ׽âǺΧ֮ѹš
飡
Ŵ
ò˵ȷʵǿ󣬴˿̣һɷǳµĽƴɢȻϮɱ׽ն˿С
˼
쵭Į
Ļ£һΣʮ׽âһѹ¡
㡭
ۣ
ŲŸո³һ֣ʱͱֲĽ絴
첼ⷽ׽󣬱ǰβֲ֪˶ٱĲ׽âͷֱһΧͷƤ飬Ӳûиɳ
⡭
ֱɵˡ
ʼվԭδֻ΢΢̧һָ̧ʱнѹ¡
һһαɨɣѪܡ
ôˣʵ
쵭Į
ʱ򣬽Ѿ˵˲׽Եһ˫۾˺֮
ˣĽֻһΧЧҲ֪𣡡
һսѾһЩ£˿ԵֱӳԾȥȻһ̣һ徹ײһεıϣһɴǱϴֱӽ˻ȥԵǱ

쵭
ƲƣҲܶݷһΧĿռ䡣
ڵϣͷЩ㵽ʲô
ûҪ㡣
䵭
˵ţһ֣һΣһ貵Ĳ׽£۵Ĺ뽯żͷ
ѪˮԿĹͷ
ǸţȻȻѹôң
ڶս߿Һ
˸ǺȻűΪԺ֮û˱Ǹж£ڣ׵ԺһǿߣʳǷưһˣȴǱһ뱱׵ԺõƵ˵زѪȾȫǺεȺ˵£
ô⣬ôܣ
˶סˡ
Ĳ˿̵ɫҲǳŽ״Ĳ֪ôȥŻҡ뵽ĲǰһиֳһǹֱӳǰȥղҲˣòס˽š
һǹ֮ϣȴǲûʲôá
෴ĲԼ˼iԶ
ôᣡ
ĲͷһչֳγɿռϣѾܳԾˣû뵽ǣϵǿȾȻôǿʵƿ
ʱ䵭Ŀɨ˹£˵ţһͷ׽¡۵һһΣŵҼ类ᴩ´ƬѪ⡣
ŭնŤˣýţȻƵ˵ز
һɸӿ񱩵Ϣӽɢ۷徳ʵױ¶˳ǿĽһƼֱľδ̫¡
ߣ
һ
һ𣬶ʱ䣬Žµĵرֱƿʮ׽³۵ĸѽŵļｦһƬѪꡣ

̲סҽУӴƶʱɢ
ʱͷȴнŽȥ
Ĳɫһ䣬ȵס֣
ס֣
Ц
Ļ£µĲ׽âٶȸ죬˲뽯ŵֱۺҴϣ˵ϡ
ڵԺɱ𣡡
Ĳ
첻мһЦΪûɱ
Ĳĵǽţɱɱȣ
𣬿У硣
ƽ
⻰һԶ֪жļ¡
ţ磿
ˣֻҲ˵ɣ
˲
ʱ򣬽ŵɫΪѿŤһ𣺡죡Ҫ
۶Žţٴһ
וּһһ£ֱû뽯ŵȡ
Ŷʱҽʱ򣬹ڵĽû֮ͬǰЩâǰֱɢһֱά̬ҲΪˣֻҪһͻ˺ѷΰʹУǳ̡
Ҳɱ㣬ʼĻ˵һ
쵭Į
˵ţһâ£뵽ŵֱۡ
һ£ųױ˵ϡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Х̶ϻصһΣʣµĲ׽âȫâ׼˽ţ׼˽ĸ䡣
˵ܽܰԵԵúƽڣһһ㽫Щ˺ѣİԵ飬֪硣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
Ļ£ʱ䣬âһ¡
۵ͬʱŽŵĲҽһѪˮڰС
һ̣ŵϣ㱻ʮЩȴȫάŽ״ûһɢ

쵭
䣬ʮâ£һ⣬ȫ뽯С
ŲҽУ˫֣˫ȣؿڣСеط˲׽ɾˣȴûȥΪÿһ̵ĺȫȫܿҪֻýŸо׶ĵʹѪˮ
ʶ

һ֣ʣµĲ׽ʱһ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ڵͽŵĲҽһ󣬽أŵĲҽʱֻŽŵƤ淺ţͫѾʼףȻѾΪʹʧȥ󲿷ʶ
ɨһۣġ
וּһһΣʣµ׽𶯣ֱ׼˽ŵüģࡣ
һĻ˽ɫ䡣
ס֣ɱԻ
Ĳȵ
ȴǸ⣬һ׽ѹ£ټ
âǿ㣬˲ǰ
Ȼʱֲƴһɫâն£ƿԼƳĿռݣͬʱ׽ֱ顣
Ӱڽߡ
ǰųڽԵˣɫʱ
ϣϣá
Ĳǰ
غڵѾʧȥʶĽţ죬϶֮ȥ֮ɫҲû뵽ȻΪ˵˵زûܼʱϵžԻ


169 
ͻȻֵĺغԵЩơ
غע⵽񣬶һۣϽ¶Щ֮ɫص죬֮ǰҾ˵ţһ㡣
ȷʵһ㣬ԣ˵ϣԣҪȡ
䵭
˵ôҲǵԺӣǲϡ
һλãڵϣҪɱңǻ

غĬƬ̺ҡҡͷ
ȻһЦٶ˵ʲôתסȥ
֪غҪţɱ˶Է
һѣȴڻʳǵԺν۹丮ˡ
ĮصڿС
⻰һʱһ
Ժϵ棬Ȼ˵Ļֱӱ׵Ժ
Ǻεȵǣ
غɫԲǺܺÿȴû˵һ仰Ϊ׵ԺĳϣǺһԼ˸û˿ʸȥָ죬Ҫǣʺֶٴ𾪣ȽŸӳɫ
˶һۣεҡͷ
߰ɡ
ص
˴ѾʧȥʶĽţܿ뿪
ĲɨһסҲǸһ뿪
ԺĶʮӵɫΪѿҲû뵽ˣȴңǺ˼ʱϵ
ǿǽŰ
ȥ
ҧ
Ժӽɫ԰ף𷽲ŵһĻĻһɼ
ôı̬
૵
ЩͻȻ뵽֮ǰʱ콫ǵȽǶʮ˾һҲȫǸղţȻںȺ˶
תۼ䣬ԺʮˣһŲԺס
ЩǱ뿪Ժס⣬һΧȫסˡ
ţ㱻ɱ
ȴû⣬Ժ˶֣Ұܡ
ˣҲûð
ǳ׵׵һսԺ
⣬̫ˣ
ļ¡
вסֻŵرƲһԸоһɹɾ˵Ľڿ֮У˵ɫһ԰ס
ûЩˣƽ߽סͼ˵ɴ˫ۣ·ʯ˰㶢߹ȥ˵գʵⳡϷÿɣ
ͷ૵ÿÿÿ
˵һ͹ˡ

ǷӦ˹һϸߣ৵˹ȥ̫ˣ
ôҲû뵽ǸưһĽţУ
һ㡣
쵭
⻹һ㣿̫ǫˣ̫ǫǽı֣
˵
Цһȥ˵ţߵ棬ȡ˵㹤ס⡣ʱ򣬽סķŸնˣͬʱҲŪһЩǽ棬ڣסƻҲǺأԼ޲á
Ųӣ˫ֱ꣺£𾪲Сɡ
СƨŸҰ

˽򣡡
æӦοû˿˷֮ɫ

ʱ׵Ժһߣϸڡ
غŴأɫԺܳء
뼡ⶼնˣû˵Ӧþָܻ
ص
üͷ΢壺ֻж˼⣬˵һ˿ҪǸСһ
صͷܿ£֮Ƚǿ˲ֹһ
ʮ갡
һ
ʮ£˳ĳɳȥⱱ׹Ϊ֮ս
סŵơ
á
˸תԪ޸塣

ʳǣʹ
һ¥ڣһһ̡رԵΪרעȳƣڷ磬˫ĿԵúòǿʷǳʷǷ
̫ӵ¡
һ
ر
߽һˣűشȫȫնϡ
˼򵥽ľһ顣
üͷ΢žȻһصĵԺ
Ǻغ˸ϵţ
˲
Ĭȴ˸⡣
һݽൽ׵ԺȻ󣬽ǵԺϢռ
κ
ǡ
˻˳ȥ
һ죬ʳļˣһˣ˿̶ɫǽңϢ󣬽֮Ը׵Ժǿ˽ŵĲ״жʱɢֲɱ⡣

֮
ǽҵĽΪţڱ׹ĵλνһʱҶöԽҵϵɫ񣬴һеĽžȻڵԺһӣֱý
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǶݡ
ǸԺѯ˶Ĳ֪ľ
ɫʱЩ԰ףЩࡣ

̶̼µʱ䣬ȻѾǿ˵زɱǸţ
ֻʮѣôᣡ
ǸţȻܣ
ʳǳˡ
ţǼ츳۷ΪưһǿߣſеţȻ⻷ȴڽհˣҰܣңеԺϼʱϵȣŽڣڵԺ
һգڻʳе֪Ϣ
һ𡣡
૵
׵ԺԺסΧˣȫԶԶĶס˿̣Ѿ޺סնѵĵرȴ޷޸ÿԺЩˣ뿴һսȻ뿴ɱŵĺˡ
͸סĴ棬ɷˣ
ЦЦ˵ԼֻӮ˽ţһͽƺͼ£ǿսԶԶǽŵĶ֣ڣһսĻڽС
԰һʱˣúúðղС

ű˵ĺأ֮Ĵֻڴ϶ȹȻþǿÿԿ죬ǸʱٴԽʱȻսҲԲܡ
ˣ
ͻȻԵúܼӡ
ǰ򿪷ţֻһվ⣬塣
ôˣ
档
߽ס˫죺Ƕ㾹ȻǸŸɱˣҪҪôͰ֪֪Ķˣ
Ҷɱңܲʲôɡ
Ц
Ҳ̫ˣңңˡ巭ۣ漴ȴֳָ˷ܣ˵ȷʵͦˬǸһ̫ˣԴӱſк󣬱һµһӣŻӶһмһ˵ı飬ģôҲǻӰ
ڨڨŻӵ£עôҲǻӰ


170 Ե
ɨһۣʲôڲźá˵ţ죬ɫ˵ɵҪСģҿ϶Ź㣬Ҳᣬǲɵ츳ʵ뷽跨㡣
֪
쵭
ҡͷҵ˼ǣѧԺҲСġ
ʲô˼
ü
нڣпܻǿߵѧԺɱ㡣
һĨâȴǳĬպغڽŵ̬һпܸ£Ժ֪ҲκηӦΪнţţǱſеˡ
֪ˡ
˵ͷ
˲ãϴһ뿪ˣԼĻ˵ӵǺ۵ģƽҪԼԸ£Ҫѧܶ಻ԸѧĶ
͵⣬߻ط䣬ЩĬ
򣬾Ż˵ĶԣȷʵõĽҡ˵Ϊţһȷʵýͷ࣬˵ѧԺɱ㣬ȷʵпܡ
ͷȴǻһĨ⡣
ˣԼȥҪٴ
һ㶣漴Ҳ£
Ȼ֪ΪʲôԼߣ½ϽΣС
ȥҶãġ
һʱ·Ҫࡣ
룬棬ֻõͷͬ⡣
ʱŵٴԵЩº͡
ˣ
һ㶡
ţͼվһŮǼꡣ
Щ⣬漴Ц¡
ҽȥ

ӣ˽ȻϷš
ʱʱɴ˫ۡ
⡭
˽ˡ
ϴμԺ죬һΣȻˣ
ɨһۣˣȥɡ
˶ʱ¶֮ɫôͲˣټҲڼСʱ͸߰ɣҲ̫ˣ϶ʲôõ£
£һ¾ͺˡ
ʱ
һ飬৵ľͳ⣬ֻһԶ˽򣬲»ҽ㰡ҿ϶ˣˣ
ϵĺ߶ʱֱܼ뽫Ьϳȥ
궢죬ɿ
쵹ЩΣǼһ˵ƽûС
ûô㼱ʲôЦ˶٣ɫ΢΢Щ˵ɱǸţô£
ǵϢͦͨ
Ц
ߣˣΪͬһ¶
£ʳеˣǶ֪˰ɣͨͨûϵ
ҡͷ
Ĭ֪ǽŵ̫ˣʵЩˬ졣
ôˣ
ʵ
ûʲô
ҡͷ򵥽ľ˵˱顣
ԭԳĬȴǲûΪ嶯³çǸţԵΪǣʵû˲ʮȡȳɾͣ㲻ʲô̫Զˡ
Щ⣬û뵽Խۡ
ôأ
Цʵ
գգۣʵǼٻ
£Ȼʵ
Զˡ

첻ɵһ漴ЦһҲǫ鰡
ʵ
국ЦȻƽռܰٳţǣҲԼĽ
ĬȷʵǿŮӱҪСһ£ȴѾ۷Ϊ츳ԼҲоˣ츳ǿЩͺñȣĳЩʱȴΪԼͨˣһֻǣΪչ¶ԣʵΪ֪
ôֳĬˣ
ʵ
ЦЦûʲô˵ʵӻǺܿɰġ
£϶ʱһĨ糺졣
ˡ죬ɫЩҺͽ㶼ˣʱõģֻҪѧԺӦþͲ⣬ڽңǧҪСģһΪ裬¡
ͷ˼
ɫѾӽƻ裬ҹɫִء
գվҸûȥˡ
㡣

ãڴѧԺȫ
æ
ȴҡҡͷûϵãҲҪȥһЩ¡
ԥ£յͷðɣֻҪʶǿ߲һǾ԰ȫġ
ʱô˵Ǻ𰡡
գգۣ漴Ӧ͵Ц¡
ðɣҺһܰȫ
Ŀڡ
˵⻰ԼǺ
գ˲糯ŵԺȥ;УԺĵӼˣȫͣ˽ŲⲻΪɱ˽ţҲΪʳǵһ콾Ůһ£һûʳ𶯡
ӮҰ
ĵ
ʳǽֵһǳ࣬ͼһ𣬵ǲû⵽һ򽯼ҵǿѰ鷳ܿ죬콫͵˽⡣
͵ҾͲȥˡ
Ц
ţллȥʱСЩ
֡
ͷתԶȥ
վڽſڣһֱĿԶ
ȣ
һɿ
Զɽ֪ʲôʱ˳ɨ뿪ķ漴۶żꡣ
үүҪͻȻְ

ԶɽЦС꣬ӦôɣЩʱ˿ôӦõһʱ͸оŶԣΪûүүΪʲôأ˵ţԶɽɨ뿪ķ
ɫһ죬һŤͷֱܵˡ
żܵԶɽЦЦٴ뿪ķ򣺡Ե֡

뿪ɫѾװ
ѭһ·úһΪĸ¥ǰʳǿʦᡣ
ʳǿʦһδţûԥֱ˽ȥ
ʲôҪ
Ůӭ
ط縱᳤鷳ͨ

˵ţԼĹȡ˳
Ůһæһ񣬹Եȣȥͨ
˵ţŮ̿첽뿪
úһˬʵЦӹԺḱ᳤طӭ˳һģط߻ϺͽϣǻʳͷĴ
ϡͣϡͰ
طһ顣
첻д󣬼ˣһ
Сֵܿ
طЦ
ͷϴһԺһ

ط˵ŵ
ֱºϲ¶Щ֮ɫֱֱĶ졣
ôţЩڡ
λǰôˣ
ʵ
طҡͷ̾콾콾
ԱߣϵǶ˵ˣصΪȻ㽫Ǹɱĺ˲𣡻ʳͬ㵱ǵһˣ
ǰˣֻʤ
ǫ
ΣԼĿԼʵ
ط
ϺҲͷطĻͬ
ʱϵˣǻСֵк°ɣŲֻô򵥡˵ţЦЦ
⵹ǡ
طͷͬʱ졣
Ҳ飬ֱӵѰһЩµӡ


171 սӰ
ѰµӣҪӡơ
µӣȻû⣬ֻ̫һ㣬Ҫֶһ
ط˵
ס
ͷ
ʳǿʦᲢֻͨɹᷢۻ֣ͨϡеƾۻ£ʯȡѾ׼õĲϣһӡʮƣ漴֮طС
ʮƣط˶¶â
úúã
޵
ƺѵãط˲ƣڣ˵֪У׹òƾֻƣһʮƵļֵͷǳˡ
طƣһ¥ڣúȡ˸Сƿ
һʮµӡ
ط
ƺܲµҲҲΪˣط˺ʶ죬ȴûʸ⽫µӴ£ҪַԹһⶫ
лǰ

˵ţӹСƿʮµӣ㹻ʹˡ
˵Сֵܣ֮һֵġ
طͻȻ
Ȼطʲô˼ӦҲҺҡ
лǰѡ
˵
ɫø⹫طһֹЩҪõĿϣǣܿص˵ԺסصסڣȡµӺһЩϣʼ̻ơ
źķʱһӡ¶ʮƣٴζֿ֣²ټƺơʱɫѾ߳סƺһЩסĵ¡
ˡ
һס
ʱƣģսһƳӶͶ¡
صסڣϴһ󣬱ǳѧԺȥΪΪԵʣһҹϢһֱæſ̻ƣľȴǷǳıûие˿롣
ͨ·ϣԺӺܶ࣬ӵ
ʱע⵽죬ʱɫһ䣺ˣ
˵ţ৵һߡ
˶ʶͷɫ
죿
ȥϽģǺ·
ȳ
·

һѷߣ˲ʹǰ·ÿտ˳
Ų˶٣ЩԼǶħ
ҡҡͷҲ⣬ԹԳȥ
úĻӰԼĵԺƵݸضִ¡
ȥӰĥ
ִµ
ӰǱ׵ԺܻӭԴ֮һ߽ڲ뼺ʵһ޶ĻӰΪ似еı޼߽ӰںݻԼĻӰսɰԼȱ͸治㣬ͬʱҲǿս˵ǳش
ʵȥУϾٹΪǣʱѾľҪ֮Ż½ʱļ㣬Ǹʱٴν
ڴ֮ǰ׼Ӱڿ
ػӰִ¶죬΢ԵЩ죬â
죬һˣҶ֪Բÿˣȥɡ
ִ½ƻ졣
ڵԺһʱִ֪ܲ
£漴ӹƣִһ
ܿ죬߽˻Ӱ
ӰڲԵЩʪͻ谵һУʱоһˣֻǰһһ޶ӰԻ˳
Լ
찵һɨ£ִʱûӰ߻ǳ࣬Ϣһ޶
ಣ
ͻȻǰĻӰޱĳ˹־Ǿ֮
ٴξȣȾ罣˿
ԺһгһͬԾ罣ն
ɽײһ𣬶ʱһɹɿ磬Щ紵ڿռڣܿɢȥˣҲ֪ȥʱȴûʲôʱȥ˼ΪǻӰ˿Ӧʱ䣬ٴγ
ﬣ
֪ΪΣӰУһͬĳ˳
һٴξ̾ӰĲͬʱ϶ȴҲǲӭŻӰȥͨĽնȥ

ײһ𣬾ȻʵĽ
ܿ죬ԼĻӰײʮΣÿһȴǶ˲ԷÿһԷ·ָƣȥһ˲䣬Էܿ෴ԷĶȴǺѿ͸һʱ侹ȫ·
Գʩչ׽ӭϡ
󣬻Ӱնͬ似֮
ǲһ㰡

İʱ첻ԼĻӰײپһҪɱԼĻӰͨսѰԼĲ㣬ֹȥһӣԪԱ֪Խ˳ʽø٣ø׼ȡ
һʽֻΪɱУ
ɱоУ
ﬣ
һ򵥣ֱӣƽȴһն˻Ӱֱۡ
лһĨâһӭϣһ̣ٶȱø죬ǚi˼֣ΧԼĻӰһһն
ɱ
ͺһȭһȭĺ
͵һ棬Ӱֱɢ
˲ϵĺˮʱڵԪѾĵ߰˰ˣɫԵЩ԰ס
ԼԼ򣬻Ǻ鷳
һӰ
ӻӰڳִ֣ԵЩֻ֣һʱ
סŲǺ˺ܾ𣿡
ţ
ԣִ¸֡
̵˵һʱնӰǻ˺ܳʱ𡣡
ִ¶ʱɴ˫ۣɶ
죬ִ²ɵ죬һ˵ԺӵһνӰʱͨᱻԼĻӰľԪǱӰɱڲͳһ̣һ˶֧ʱֻһʱˣִ±׵Ժôֻһʱһ仰ȴǶʱҭסˣȻһʱնԼĻӰ
üôˣ
ûʲô߰߰ɡִ¶˻ֹ֣
˶٣Ҳû롣
ֽ֮뵽ĺǵļĺԼǡһΣֱӿҺʮɵλãӶû뵽֮ڣֱⷽռڵһԺĿ࣬°Ͳû
⺮һֱʱ֣߳صסڡ

չӣ³һڴϣʼϢ
ȥʱ˫ۣӴ
ʱ˯߶Ϊ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ£춨˶չƣתļʼǳ֮ӿУ쿪ʼ
ˣ
âϵϢһ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
ϵϢǿЩ΢ߣҲʱ˫ۣâ˫סⲼ˼ƣʱӦ˳ס˹


172 ҹϮ
һϢתվ¡һƣ뵽ڰ֮Сʱһ΢ɾסűƿһӰ˽㳯ŴƮȥ
һ̣˿µԪӰ̧֣һӡ󴲡
һ˾صΪ
һıֱӱƬĽ
ţ
Ӱһٱ䣬ٻ
ڣ
Ӱһͳסȥ
ʱȴһĨâϢĿһذ׻ĳУӺӰذ׺ڶԷĲϣĵʱһѪۡ
Ӱֻоһһ
𶯣
ӰҲԻ˳
ӰɵһѾסûڣڣһذȴѾĲϣһ˲ǣסежһҲҶΪʱɱĺס
ôͻȻҸղſˣסûˣ
Ӱͳ
̧ȣһ߳ʱʹú˵ϥڵء
ڣǽûʸ⡣
ĵ
϶ºӰ֣һӡ
ʱ˵ıԵú𾪣ȻԵѿҲû뵽ԼΪҹϮȻᱻô򵥵Ŀסһ̣ȻΪ˱˵֮⣬˴׵ĸ
˭ģ
ʵ
˳Ĭڡ
һĨ⣬гֵڶذףһࡣһ̵ĺֱ˵ĳҪ٣ʱ˲ҽȻ˵ĲҽѹƵĺܵͳѱ
˵
ĵ
˽ҧأȴһҲ¡
һеذڽ
˳ʹٴηƺ߲ҽС
òҪսҵԣһ

ɫѿԼǿߣһصв
˲ڣʱһ䣬ݺһŲ˹ڵϵϣֻÿһʱ䣬ͷѵ˵ȣֱӱˣ㲻˵Ҳ֪֮İɣ
ʹ亹ͬʱ̲סһ
ȻһЦȻԼ¶ˡ
ˣĵΪڽҵĵλȻҲͣӦû֪£⡣ڴ֮ǰһ棬һĬǸĴ𰸲⣬ұȶȣǵڶɳĬҲұϵ֣ǵ⻹ǰ㣬ұϵ֣ۣۡ
˶ʱ㡭ħ𣡡
ħЦҪôãҲ䣬øЩһ⣬ҵʲôΪ
˶˶촽ʱһϡ
ʱͷѵֱ
㡭
ŭ־塣
˵ˣҪĬĵҵʲôΪ
Ϊǣǣǡ

һֱ֣Ť˵ֱۡ
㡭
ԥˡ䵭ʲôΪ
۷塣
һΣʴĺܿ죬ֶη塣
ܺã¶Щ֮ɫڶ⣬ǿʲô硣
ʶڶ졣
ˡ
һˡ
ۣһ⣬нŵţʲô֡
͵һ£Ҳ֪
֪лһĨ⣬еذƣ˵ǰһΣнŵţʲô֣˵Ҿذ״۾ȻһĽһָܡ
ŭôộ
̣ʸ˵⻰𣡡Ц˵ţеذ˵۾£ڶ飬нŵţʲô֣
ɫҰףǰذ׼ˣһ󷢲
˵
еذѹ˺ϣǣס˵жȻۡ
ȵȣ˵
˿ٵ
˰Ļ룬ذ״۾ȻнǸǺεȵʹࣿǿ̣˭ܵˣ
ֹס֣ذǰͣ¡
˵
ĵ
˵ɫԵЩߡ󡣡
󡣡ҡͷȻ˵ˣʵʵΣλʲôط
⡭治ֻ֪֪վڣ
ҡͷ
ߣеذ˺˲κηеذٴγ˵۴ȥ
ס֣治֪治֪
˴󼱡
ͣ˫΢΢𣬿˵ȷ֪
˶٣ʵǽҵǸʶǿߣǷ֮£
ǼΣڲ֡
˵
ʱ죬һҲҳɣǲҳĬ
ƿϵذף˵ļͷȻõϢǺܶ࣬Ƕлϡ
˿ҧԷ˰ɣ
㣿˵Ц𣿡
Ц
㡭
ۣ
ѹ˺ϵһʱ˵ĺֱӱơ

ڶ죬ס⣬һʬ徲ڵϡ
ô£ôһʬ塣
֡
ңǸˣƺˡ
⣬ʲô
ʬǺ˵ס⣬ѵǺйأ
˾ȡ
ã¾˵ԺϣغϵסǾʬʱ˶ʱɫһΪ׵Ժĳϣ˶ڼһЩͷȻİ˲ϳΪҵǿߡ
˶٣߽ס
ʱϥо˽ʱ˫ۡ
վȴǲôȣ֪һ
سʬ壬ģ
ǡ
ƽ
غһۣ˸е𾪣ղǾʬǽǿ֮һΪ۷壬ʵǿȴǱɱˡ
ô£
ʵ
λҪңǣ붨ҵ
ͺһ㶣漴ЩΡ
죬֪ŵܲ죬Ҳûа취漰ţ۹ѧԺѹܾ޴Ӧסصڴʱ£ͱ˵ˣǲϺͿôܶ
Ĳ쵹ЩĬƬ̣ҹ¼˵£Ȼֻᵽҵɱɱ̣ûж˵
ԣغɫѿЩ
Ȼµһᶯ֣ȴ룬Ǳ˵Ժ

׵ԺԶĴڣԺʶǿߣ˱׹㣬ɽȴǸô󵨣ʵͺЩŭ
иſеĽţҪˣ



173 
غɫѿ׵ԺΪ׹丮ɽȴǸֱǱԺɱԺѧƱ׵Ժϣ
죬¾ͽǴúС
ص
Ǵô
ʵ
⻰غʱĬˡ
첻ټʣغʲôҲˣྯ½ҡ
λϣɡ
˵
غ̾Ϣε뿪ס˵ʬһߡ
Ժסٵ뿪ס
Ǻ˸ɵģ˭أ
⻹Ѳ£ʲô²֪ˡ
üɫһ䣺ң
ɡ
⡭̫˰ɣ
˭˼иſеˣ벻󵨶С
һԺֹ
˶סǲһ
Ǹµˡ
૵
Щӵȴǲô⣬ѰһЩˮѪ¡ϾסĵطذϵѪ϶Ҫɾ
һкչƣʼ
ˣ
ӿٰС
ԼȥʱŵһӰ˽
򣡽򣡡
Ϥ
˫ۣͼѾյ˽ǰ
ʲôô
ʵ
˵ʱ˵ɱ˸ˣǽҵˣ
ͷ
ģѧԺˣŭ˶٣ֶ죬֮ɫ˵򣬽Ӧòɣܽ˳Ӧ۷壬Բԣ
԰СƨԴˡ
Ȥ
һֱͺܴĺðɡ˷ۣ漴ֵ˵۷߰ǿǣҹϮ㵽ôϢǸҹϮɱģ
õɱġ

ɫʴҵ⣡
죺
ôɱİǿ۷ʿ
׷ʡ
Σõɱģˣ֮ҵסʶʿ٣˭κβңҿɱʶ֮κˡ
˵ۣȻǺףоӣ
죺˶٣ʯȡʮƣݸ˵ڿʼͱˣȥЩûȥʱ䣬ֻҪ㲻иӦÿԿ
˽ӹƣüǣҲڣįİ
϶ʱðߣ

ʳǣҡ

֮ɫǳʱм䣬԰ײһʬ壬ȥɱǸˣԼһʱǰغ˽ʬ˴˻Ҫ̫֣
֮û뵽۷ǿǰɱһصʿȻԷɱˣ۷尡ȾΪ˿Լشһ˱ɱҵʵʱ˲١
ô׵ԺǱߡ
ʵ
ڣ׵ԺΣǻҲҽҽôǸСɱ֮ߣӱ䣬ʱ͸׵ԺһЩӣٺúõС´ζ֣ʧ
á
Աߵ˵

ԺڣѾ뿪ʱȥ
һΣǽӰ
ˣ
Ӱڹâתܿ죬һһ޶Ӱ۶
Ӱ۳󣬾ֱ졣
ƽŲһ磬Ҳǳ˹ȥ
ӰҲ۳˽ʵһ㣬еĽײһ𣬷һ̶첻ǵһԼĻӰսһԵ˲٣һӰսһͨӰѰԼǰȱ㡣
һΣնɱӰһֱͶԷģֱȥʱնһΪĽâֳֻܼâηֲ٣ͬʱסܣ۵ĴӰڡ
ʱ䣬Ӱĭɢ
似ںϵĸãпĿռ䡣ʩչ似ʱԪЩʱ˷˲٣ӦûܹõĿơ

߳ӰĺڣԼûǴ̹ǵĺڣԼĵˮԼģߵ˾ԴͷԼʮɵλãһЩԺӸĿࡣ
Ǹ죿
ǡ
̬
ֱҡͷ
ԼʱӼĺ߳úصԼסϴˢһɵȥϢֱʱٴΪ˷ٴҹɱʱԾϢǷ˰ա
ܿ죬ʱȥ
һ죬뵽ڡµһ٣ʱ䣬ʱ䣬׼ʮ꣬ÿķʱһ;Ҫأ

һſƣʼ
ܵʱޱŨ෴ģڵŸСԺһãȻЩ
ôоŨȱǰЩ

ҡҡͷٴʱƵģΪŨȱˣʱ䵢˿ɾͻزˡ
ʱΧԽŨ
ˣ
Ũâ֯˫ƽ˫ϥϣ˫΢ţڿ仯ĵѡͷ­ĸ֣һ̣Ũӿ룬ʼٽⲿλľѨ
ܿ죬һձǹȥˡ
˴Լʮ֮һܺʣһʮ󣬿Ӧû⣡
һâ
˵ţ߳ߣס߻ء

ļʱ䣬ÿնߣƼȡˣһ۱ʮչȥʮڵʱȫľŹʮ֮š
ֻһ㡣

ʱԼסʯȡһ
ûԥҧ飬븹С
ʱ䣬һŨϯڵÿһ䡣
ʼ
˸⡣
ļתʶǣ£ڵԪǳŵ۶ȥ̵ȻоʹʹѾ㲻ʲôˣɫƽ۾Ӿ͵Ѩ
ģϵϢԽԽǿԽԽʢ
䣡
ʱȥһɿ񱩵ͻأڳֱʮƽ
˫ۣл⡣
أڵˡ

һٴα˫ۣʱڻвٲЩʼΪʹ֮Խȹ̡


174 ޵
ǿʢԪڣƾڲдһΪֱֹȥһʱŴӵվ΢΢˫ȭʱоԶ֮ǰǿ·һȭɱһǿߡ
ء
Ը£һĨ貾â
ڵΪʶ£޾κˣ
ȭƿأȭˡ

ȭҪرĳʹԼסԪһ㳯ȭ˿£мµѹУҪ£ʹԼԪѹһ̶ʱǵȿ񱩵Ԫ˸֪
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱվԵúƽ߳סס⣬һȭ߿գʱһ貵Ĺȭ˳·һӵص׷񷣬һЩӸĿ
ˡ

һֱѹԪ֮۵ȭˣŴ߳УûвԪй¶ˣȭǽӽˡ
˵ͷתסȥ
򣡡
ʱһ
Զ˹
ˣƬ̺˵ͷֻһ˿ܿˡ
˺ٺЦЦǶ˽ľơ
ѧǫˡ
ЦЦ
УʵЦɫ˱䣬´죬κ˵򣬱ǰϵϢ˲ٰô£
ҵˡ
û
һĨϲɫԼʮ꣬أ죡
ݸʲôСȴѾ۷ˡ
ôʲô£
˼ⲻô
˵
񺮣㱻һ߳ȥ˵˻
ðɡεЦЦ漴ɫЩյϢٹ죬̫Ҫٰһʼʢ磬ص㵱ȻǶħ룬ʱб׵ԺĵһμӣԱͽ˵һ
棺ʢ磬Ϊʲô
һ£ѹ׹һεĵѾˣƼֲ˶ã̫ӽһιúͻλ׵ԺǱ׹丮˱׹ţ̫ӼλΪȻҪ˲ţξٰʢ磬еԺ֣ͬǰġ
Ȼԭˡ
ЦЦ˫ֱ꣬˫ֱŹ⣬˵Ҳһ˵Եһһ

ҲǾ¡
һΪһֵǺܺˣ
˵ͷı齥ƽһӦûǸţӵСȴһн⣬ڶʮҲУ˵ֵܲơԽڵʵȡǰӦò⣡
ЦЦǰ壬ɡ
μ𣿡
ʵ
ڨڨЦЦԭеԺӶȥμӣϾø̫ӣұȽ⣬ΪǻǮģԿԲȥȻ󣬺ٺ٣Ҳȷѡȥûأȥ̫ݶ
ЦЦһﵹͦ롣
ҪҪȥɳתת
˵
ɫһϲʱͷððȻûҸоԼʵ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ౶ȥһԣȥ
ͷ߰ɡ
£ȥɳ磬漴㷢֣һʵȻǿࡣ
ٹãܿԼˡ

˺ٺֱЦһı顣
ڿɳ˽ʱ˳ȥ
֮صסǻҡ
һſЩӣҵǲҹ鷳Щʧʵϣɺܶ˵סɱͿһնɱҲǺõġ
ˣһ۱չȥ
һ죬׵ԺһƵԺ֮ڡ
ǣ
ôˣ
ٵӽɻ
Ҳʱһڱ׵ԺҲ֪ʲôʽ˳ȥ̫ӵʢ磬صħ룬ұ׵Ժеһ֣ͬǰʮʱеӣħԵϣ
Ժ˶һ
̫ӵһ֣ͬ
⡭
ǰʮĽȻǰʮ
⣬ǰʮĻһҲлᰡ
Ҳǣ
̫ӵ£ǰʮн
¶ϲɫ
ʱ˶صסΪյʢ׼
ȻҲλסڣ̧ͷգ漴ֵͷΪѾ֪£ԣôȣܿٴתļʼͶ뵽֮С
һҹܿȥ
գ׵ԺڣӽԷڣһȺӵĳħԵȥϾ̫ӵ룬Ҳһ٣һЩͨѧԺܹǱ̫ӿѡΪǰ;νһƬ
ʱ򣬵ԺѾˣֻǵļڳħԵȥȻҲСǰСƽĳħԵȥúٴħԵ
ȥħԵվܼӰһƬ֮ࡣϾһǵԺڵеӶˣ˷ǳ١
ħԵֻԵΧ˲ߣһޱ飬ȻɢϢȴǿ󣬴඼ǿߡЩߵװ֪ˣЩǾˣӦ̫Ӱˡ
˵Եһһ
һͱˣǰʮУ
Ҳǣһ϶ǽŵġ
̫ӵ¾ȻһԣЩ⡣
ȷʵ
˽ͷӶ
ʱԶƥΪ׵һ꣬ŽоͼơģԵúܿʣӿϼƺ⣬ַܼȺҲĿˣʼһֱ˵ע⡣
Ա߻ˣһ£ȻǽšԱ߻ˣֱǶμҵĶĲҵ塣
̫ӵˣ
Ӣ
ţ̫ӵ²ͬУ
ĲҲڣ⣬δļ̳ˣ̫ӵһ𡣡
̫꣡ӵ¿ˣҪ񡣡
˵
̫溬΢Цһԡĸо׵Ժڵǰ
ڳұ׹콾ţգ޵λſһ֣ͬһ£ϣλܹĿġ
̫Ц
׵Ժһڵӽл̫ӵ룡
̫޵׹ӣʮһε۾أǰΪ̫ӡ׵Ժڵ޵ϽԴų羴ⲻΪ޵Ǳ׹̫ӣΪ޵ǿ۷壬λӻʳǷưڶ
޵һ۱˵֮ǱѰԴ˲ô⣬ǽĿԱߵĽϣǲɹһĨЦ
ŶϣȺѰʲôܿǿ졣ʱ䣬ŵӱޱһɱɢ


175 һ
Ȼ˽ŵɱ⣬ŽţֻһЦ
޵Ҳע⵽ɢɱ⡣
ţôˡ
޵ʵ
ûʲôס

޵˳ŽŵĿȥȺе죬һƹش˵죬ʱǵһμȴİ
ԱߣĲҲǿ죬ĲۣıǺܱźͽһɱ⡣
ʱԶһμʻʱ˵ע⡣
޵Ǹȥɵ¶Щɫ
һ߼ʻƬ̺ƽͣ
С㣬ˡ
ߵ
ӱƿһŮӽ߳
ǣ
꣡λ콾ŮȻˣ
һ˾ޣ
⣬֮ǰû˵λҪ
˼Ҫ֪ͨ£
ʢ磡
˼ѡ
ż꣬Щ⣬޵
߳˵ͷǰȥܿ޵ǰ΢΢ʩ겻̫ӵˡⳡʢ磬ܲμ𣿡
ʳǵһ콾٣޵֮ã޵Ц⣬С̫ˣֱ־У̫ӵδ̫⡣
л¡
국Ц
޵ڰ֣һߵˣΪС㱸
̫ӵ£Լչҡ

Զǣһƥ
޵ͷЦСܰ䡣
ɨ꣬˸ֻһ˲ƿĿ⣬һߵĶĲҲˣΨıЩ̫ÿܵͩйأʱż꣬ԵЩ䵭
ʱ޵һڵԺӣЦλڣһ֣
䣬޵Լ˸Ķ˵ȳħȥ
λС㣬̫ӵ¶
ϻǿϽŮʳǵһӣ
Ͻߣ
˵
׵ԺһħȥƲν
ż޵˵ıӰ΢΢ü
˶٣ҡҡͷҲһħȥ
𣡡
໣
ʼһħ룬ʱ䣬һ޵ǴСԿǰܼӰ˸ּ䣬ʱʱһͷͷնɱڽ¡
첽ƽ档
졣
һ
ԱߣһһŮ˳΢Ц
Ǽꡣ
㡭
Щ⡣
ǰôʶ
ҡҡͷ㲻Ǻ޵һȥô
汿ҿΪҪ˭Ըμʢ磬ˣ
ֹ
߽һǸղ˵ʲôû
ûʲôһɡ˵ţͻȻ£͵ҵ˼ǣһж˵øһ档
ð
ЦȻʲô
£˱һħȥúħǧɡ
ʱһͷ弶۷޳ǿʱһ磬żȥ
һ˲ڼǰһȭӳ
һͷ޺ɳȥ鴤˼±û˶
û°ɣ
ʼꡣ
ҡͷЦҵƿòãҲܴġ
գգۣҲЦ㵱ƿҲǺܲġ
ʲôʱôŮˣ
͵Ц
ʵʵ
ڨڨ
귭˷ۣȳǰȥ
ʢ磬˵ףʵǱ˭ȡ޺˶࣬Ȼ޺˵ĵȼҲСͼȺͻϮȻˡ
㵽ˣ
Щ⡣

ͷ
죬
޵
ٸǿأأһԼСΪȴԼߵŮӳٶȿ죬ʵǾЩΡ
Ȼǿ㡣

ǻǶлˡ
캹ա
ú뵽ħǧڣطеŨ㡣Ƭ弶ǱȽͨˣ޲ƬҪɡ
СЩ޲򵥡

귭˷ۣЩεĵҵƿˣ
ûе¡
ڨڨ
ֻʶôһ˵Ͼ꿴ȥĺ
ƬУµĹľЩܿ죬һͷе޳ǰͷͨŻ棬һ˫ڷ·ȼźۣη
ܣ졣

⻰䣬Ѿ˹ʱһɺ˵ȸӭ
ҡ

˵ţѾ˳ȥ˽˲С
וּһһ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦䣬ܵɣһն˲ӡ
Щ⣬û뵽Ȼһն˿صܡ


ܳʹɵŭһֱȥ
ܵĿɵŤ˵üͷһ塣
ȷһ㡣
һһ˲䶯
ವһһ̵ٶȿ쵽㣬˲Ϣܴ
Լ䣬һڿл
֮
۵һһѪҺܷһҽУֱͦͦĵȥ
ÿĽ
һߣС
콫ܵ޺ȡǰ

Ц
С
ͷ
ʵܸˣϾǱĴŮޣ԰ɣ
ͻȻƤ
һգЩΣû뵽껹˵ֻ
ˣأ߰ɡ
͵Ц
ЦЦͼһ𣬳Ÿȥ
ﬣ
ʱһâϮֱűߣնһѺۡ
üͷ𣬳һȥֻǸӰ˹һ꣬ǽţԱˣֱǶĲ塣һȻղǽŶ֡
һ˿ϵɱ⡣
Ҳӱͬɱ⡣
ĲǱ˫ۣһֵӡ
ǣʲô˼
ʵ
ɨۼ꣬ͽĿϣһֱ졣
С㣬ź̫ӵ³µ飬ѵΪ˵죿
ĲϷʵ
ҵ£ûҪش㡣

ĲһĨâ漴ʼ磬ת졣
ǸȤӡ
ĲЦ
ޱɨ˶ĲһۣĿڽϡ
ųųϴһɿֲƣһÿһõ˵һ졣һ̣ϵɱǺڵģЩˣܵĿԵѹ
ֹ

˵ţǰһȻǿɱϾ죬ʵսԣǾҪ˽Ų١ʱһִֻļͷ˻ȥ
ǰһɫƽֱ潯š
еɫ
ĵǿὣȻţһ졣
°ܽѣҲ˼˵⻰
ԡ
˽һ𣬲׽â֯뽯ŵĽâײһ
ʱ䣬ܽâ֯·һз籩˳


176 Ҳܴ
񱩵Ľɢһɺ˵Ŀ磬ϯܣ֮һ˲䣬ƬڣҲ֪ж꣬նĽݲеĲӡ
ǰ˽뽯˵Ľײһ𣬷һ졣
ɫֳֽһƳ˹ȥ
ߣ
ߣȭһȭӳ
ȭײһ𣬷һ볯ȥ
죡
Զս֮⣬ɫЩѿ
Ĳ˫ۣԵЩ죬Ű²ΪȻֽˣ
ضѣ

ֻǰһһɿֲȻɱ֮ƻƺ
ɫ䵭гһХʱ
ಣ
ಣ
ٴγԷ
һʱ䲻ϴŻӶһ֣һ񽣻˹ȥ
䣡
ʱռΪ֮𶯣رϵҶ뱻顣
Ȼһܿ¡
ȻҲоˣֻһ͵һն
וּһ춯ɨ񽣶ʱն顣
ʱն񽣲δʹɢǻϸСĽһ㳯ȥ
Сģ
꺰
ɫδ䣬ǚiʩչ˽նһ׽
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
̻ͬɢһ㣬ɳܼһһն顣
̳ɢȥͷؿڣֻ˺˲٣ȱڣ֪ǽˡ
ƾ㣬Ҷ
Į
񽣣һ쿿
治֪ڽʲôʲôʸ񽾰
ҡͷ
䣬һ䣬һǰٶȿ쵽㡣
ﬣ
˽һֳ֮˽ݺһ¡
űɫ뵽ٶȾȻһ˲ô࣬һʱ侹Ӧֻýбǰӭն֮
һ˽ѹڽŵıϣһǻ
ֵһᣡ

Ȼһ̣ͻȻб£ȭӵ湴ա
㡭
飡
һȭݺݻڽ࣬ʱýźɳȥ
һĻͶĲԶݣһܹ֮ɱ˽ţǶսǴ˿ȴǸʱһˣǿű뽯һսһ̣쾹˵˽ţ
ء
ҲЩȣȻϵص쾹ս
ضԾأмǺС̨ף
ŵɣײһϣһƺ
۷壬ʵ
̡
ŷվɫüΪҪ
ϧûʵ
Ц
£Śiһ𣬾ֱŽűȥΪﵽ죬սǿ˲٣ɱţҲԲη塣
ӶȻֱӳ
ɱ㣡
ź
ҵĺ꽣һչ𶯳һ졣
ǚi˽һһ׽ʱնǰ
䣡
໥ײâ
ʱٴγ嵽һгϽ档
źǿ۷ΪǿЦһâ佣Ͼ۳һ֮籩Ҫһж͵

źȵ
бϣ˫ֳֽն¡
ֻ͵һ۳Ľ֮籩ֱӱն룬ֱɢ
ǰ㶼Ƕ֣οڡ

˵ţһӳš
ɫһ˲ʧӰ٣漴ǸоһɰԵϢǰԴˣıƽһ֪Զȳǿ֪ϢԽţһն

һ촫˽ͽŵıһ
ҵβȻסˣ
Ĳȡ
ҵβȻǺ꽣еһУԳԽ޵ٶȳˣڵ˻δӦ㽫Էնɱڽ£Ǻ꽣бȽһУһһն󣬻δܻɴ˿̣ȻƾΪס۷ĽնβʵĲЩ𾪡
Ŷ죬ԽĶ죬ȻסԼһ
⣿ܲˬ
Ц
˵ţе˽һ𣬲׽ʱƵХˡ
βȷʵǿ֮β֮ǳƣټƿһǚiǸ֪ٶȶǳǿȻȻ㵲˽նһβ
ϣɱ㣡
źȵ
ϣʲô

ŻʳǷưһˣû˿η壬׽ʩչ£һƬռ䶼֮
ɱ
ſȣһ
һ̣ٴսһΣȭƣ似񷨣ֶβ
ۣ
츹һʱѪˮ
ͬʱһֻȭڽؿڣʱźɡ
ʳǵһЦ
쳰
Žţٴѹϣ˽ϣøˣǿƿɵĲ׽׽˵Ҳʶ似ȻͬѰ
ɫʩչ꽣ɱ졣



ײ֮
һĻȫݡ
ʲôʱôǿˣ
ҧ
ѣȻǿס۷Ľţ
ԱߣĲҲ𺳡
ĲлһĨɫϢһ˳ǹѹ졣ˣǶƷ潣֣罣ԥն
ƫͷжʱһâ
ʱһâ֣ѩڶĲǰ
꣬ΪУ
Ĳ
ƽڣֻڶĲǰ档
ȻȴҲֻǷưҵĶ֣ԶЩ
Ĳٴε죬ư
ɨͽǱߣĲ壺Ǳ̫֡
֣ɱĵܵܣ˽ţ񼫣ɱӦã
Ĳ
ɫƽҵģԹ˭
ƽҲˣϾ⻰ǴӼ³
ãܺã˿ɱԹ˭Ҳҵģ
ĲЦ
˵ţĲǰǹһܼǹâ¡
Сģ
еңֱӳķ򣬼ȻǿվҲ죬Ĳȴ죬ڻʳǷưǳ¡
ˣ
ͻȻһ貹δӼڳһƬ⺣ѹǰ
ĲǹâʱȫɢΣͬһʱ䣬ƺһɴѹ˶Ĳϣһ֮ɶԶݺײһϡ
ȣ
ĲڵأһѪˮʱ̲˳
أֹסŲ˼ĶһĻ
ĶĲʳǷưȻһͱ˵֮أ
ƫͷЦҶ˵ˣҲܴġ


177 
챻סˣɵõɴ˫ۣСܴ򡱣δ̫ǿЩɣ
ԭȡ潣һȴҲͣ˽ŲǾݡ
ͬʱҲһ¶ɫ
ĲѪ֧վЩ𺳵Ķż꣺ܣ
䣡
һɿ񱩵ϢӶĲɢԶ֮ǰǿ
ѣôһŮˣ
Ĳȵ
˵ţĲ˳ȥгǹնݺݴꡣ
΢䣬һǹԲɱ⡣ʶĶѣһΣ˲ڼǰâוּһŶĲն˹ȥ

Ĳȵ
һһ𣬲׽øӿЩ
΢㶣ǻϲЩΡ
ﬣ
ʱһХ𣬽ʩչ꽣ɱ졣
֣ͽּ䣬һɫĹɳһײڽŵĽϡ

˵ţеĽ䣬¡
ƽ߷һƬƬû貵Ĺ⽣Хųšʱ䣬ŴǰĳʮסͬʱĽƲĳš
㣡
űɫܣһ˳ʮԶͣ
ͶĲսһ𣬼һĻҲǸ¶ݣٷֿ
⡭
졣
ȻͬΪ۷壬ɽȴǱȶĲǿ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ˿̣һ˽ţŴݣƺԵúɣıסˡ
һ룬֮ǰʹ꽯űΣ˵ǲԶˣʱΪΪۺȽϣôȵĻȷʵ꣬û뵽ǣƺǰȽϣһʱǰմսڽжԱȣȻ˵˲Զ֣
뵽ͻȻһľ
ʱ򣬲죬ͬǱסˡ
⡭ôܣ
循ȡ
ŵɫΪѿˣʳǷưһſе۷ȻһŮһʮɶԶ

𣬽Х𶯣նꡣ
һʶһ漴˳
ƺ겻Ҫ
ģҶ˵ˣҲܴģҡ
Ц
˵ţ֣вʲôȻȴһԪ֮۶ɢһַǳصĲѸٳŽų˹ȥ

â뽯ŵĳײһ𣬾Ƿһ졣
ɱ
Ŵ𣬺꽣ŭնϣҪ˺һС
ıԵЩһΣҲһֻ̧˫붯ܱһɫĹâ۳һƬƬνʮ
䣡
һ˵ײԪ֮ϯܵÿһ䡣
׺ݣÿһնž˵ƣսʱ֪ǿ˶١굹ҲԵרע࣬˫ϵƾҲÿ



ʵĽײ𣬲ϻص
Ӱսн֯ʱ룬ʱֱӶâ·ɽ
Ķżּ꣬ĶᣬνȴܲÿÿܽſֲĽâֵңע⵽ˣ겻ƿֵ似ƺĳʮƮݡ



֮𣬼Ϊ̶
ڣֹȥһɳȥڿһƬѪ⡣
ô
Ĳȫסˣڶν֣ű˵ˣ
춢ż꣬һ𺳡
ʳǷưһĽţм꣡
˭ǻʳǵһ
꣬٣صǺȻƭˣ
ĲЦ
ɨ˶Ĳһۣʲôƭ˭ֻǲϲͷϲͷ¶棬˶ѣһҪΪ죬ᵽһߵ죬Ц죬𣿡
ͷá
֪ڵԼȻܵסţȴɱ˽ţȻɱҲû塣ͶĲɱ壬ɶĲͽȻܾͿɱ壬Ȼ
ߣ
Ĳǰ
ͬʱҲǰһޱȱ䡣
վһξǶס˼꣬Ϊ
ţƷٶ˽

ű䣬гʧһµıСһƷ񽣣Ʒϵƶʱ˲٣һɸֲĽƴɢˡ
Ʒܹŵս߳ɣ
ɫ΢Ŵ˿ɢϢʵЩ£
ǲҪ̫ˣ
ɫɫ
Ĳһ꣬ԶɽѾȥ󽫾һְںƽûж𣡽ʱͬգ̫£ʱɲ
ϻɱ

˵ţֱӶ֣ʩչ罣ֱָ졣
ĲȻһЦгǹɱӯҰ
ŵɫǱƷʵޱȿֲ߳ңһ̣ųƷͬʱͼڽâ¡
ǰ˫ֽ֯Ƹǿ
С꣬סְɡ
һ
Զһƥ϶һ꣬޵
ɨ޵ٿŽŵ˵ı˿δ䣬ɫʱ
̫ӵ£ʲô˼
ʵ
겻Ȼ棬ȻҲ֪һЩ¡
޵һۣżӦűſ¶ұ׹жԣŵĵˣұ׹ĵˡ
Ϊˣ㲻˿

޵鲻䣬úҽ̳λҵĻǵ
겻˵ʲôΪ֪Ȼ˵Ҳá
ÿ
޵˵
վǰƽҡҡͷ
޵ż꣬˵ȹ㣬ԶɽҲǱݶˣ㲻˻˵ţ޵ֵңͬʱˣܹס𣿡
Ҫһԡ

޵ż꣬κ󣬵ҡҡͷ
ǣסţ˶֡
޵˵
˵ţ޵Ծżȥ
̫ӵСģǿ󣡡
Ĳ
޵Ų΢٣ܹöĲ˵Ļһ˲Լ˾衣һ̣޵һһУɢǿĲ
ɫ΢䣺
ÿɣҲ㡣
޵˵
һߵʵһң
ɫЩ̫ÿʱͻȻס֣ʹüʱһ죬һôʱǵĶΪԼһ̣жСᣬɵ΢΢¡
ߡ

˵ţᣬͷܣٶȷǳ죬ֻɲǼѣͼӰͬʱʧ˵ҰС޵бټ϶Ĳ壬ͼԵסΨжһ;


178 Ϯ
޵΢΢ݣͼӰͻȻǰʧˡ
޵źͶĲҲ΢΢ɫ
ܶΡ

˵ţٴӻȡһɫľӣǰ
ʱ䣬ͼԻ˳ڳԶȥ
׷
ȣĲȵ
ǲö˵һʱ׷ȥб
żǰȥʱȻҲע⵽׷ĶĲˣʱɫ΢䡣չƣܹ壬Ӧñ˷ֲŶԡ
ڽʶ汦У֮£Σӣ

˵ʱ֪ӵпεֶΣ˴ɱ죬ΪȷһʧǴ汦Կ졣
ɱ
Ĳǹâʢ
ŵ䣬ɢһɼΪ˵Ϣ
ɫ΢еľӣʱһɲԤУȻƶʶϵʿЧʶ̽Ѱؼණ
ʶǴﵽʶǿеʶȻֲָҹ䣬Ҳɸ֪ߵණʶ֮£ʧȥԭӦеЧ
ﬣ
ͻȻһ𣬼Ϊ̶
󷽣һ貵ٳֱͼ
һըһɴɴ˾𣬽ɢ
죡
꺰
һɫĻ곯ȥһ̣һӰǰ
޵
С꣬סְɡ
޵˵
޵гһԣâúܶĿ
̫ӵ£̫ˣҲǱ׹񣬸ţȽŸǿɫοҪƣ

޵ƽϧûбſС
֪˵ʲôҲˣһƬƬν裬ûһݺἤƱԽԽǿǰһһɽȻ
޵ɫ΢䣬ͫײɵһС꣬ԭôǿ˶٣޵ֵ似ЩŹ֣ƺǼԶɽУǴѧģ
곯ǰiҪͻ޵Ǳȥ
˿̣һԽˣ˴鷳
żĶ޵ҡҡͷӦ֪ҵʵŲ٣Ҫǣ֣ͻҵǣƣû˿ϣ
Ҫһԡ

νâ𣬼ӭ޵ҪǱߡ
޵ҡҡͷء
䣡
ҵײգûܹͻƹȥ
һƬսϣͽսһ𣬽ȡƷ󣬶ʱ˼ѹ

ȣһӳâĿ
ǚiͬʱķ򣬽Ųһ٣ʱ˹ȥ
㻹пչܱˣ
һЦ
Ĳһߣǹɱ졣
վԶʩչ罣ɨһ
죬ңԼӣҪӲӲ
꺰
ǚi˸ܿһߡ
΢õңҲ£ߣ
˵ţͷһȥٶȼ졣
޵ʼδһۣƽ׷ꡣ
ɫ΢ǚi죬żķ׷ȥ
ǵԼɣ
һ
Ĳųǹһѹһǹɨһɿ硣

ʱŭ
וּһһɺ˵Ľڳʱ䣬е˽һ䣬ʮ⽣ݵĲ
Ĳɫܡ
ۣ
һѪ𣬶Ĳֱһ̲סһƺߡ
̧ͷ뿪ķ򣬿ȴѾӰ

ҧɢһ˿ɷ
֪겻ʲô£Ǵ˿ɺܷŭ
Ƕ
ŶĲˣıЩ
һһɼΪ񱩵ϢڳΪ߶£һ̷·һŻԷ籩ͬʱ˳ȥ
ﬣ
Х쳹ʮҲ֪˶ٿҶ
һѣ͵Ĺ֮£ؿһʱѪ
ĲҲûкõȥһɣݺײڲԶһϡ
ΨнûܵʲôˣϾ۷ΪһһƷ
ϣ
ֽն졣
ʱ䣬˿Ľɢ·ҪնһС
ӭȿֲâ쵹侲Щеŭ糱ˮȥۼ뿪ķһҧŷ˳ȥ֪ǹ⳯ǱߣΪֻ޹ǵߡ
Ӳˣ

׷
Ĳ
Ÿͳ׷ȥʱʱնһĽ
쳯ɨһۣһ·ǰȥţĲ壬˺һ濹⣬ζǶ֣ϾڲѣźͶĲȴ۷徳
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ĵӰд󣬿쵽¡
չһƣӰǰȥһκ֮ǰǴһȡ汦ʱʹٴԻ˳汦Ρ
ﬣ
ǹâͬʱƵϳն
ǚi˸˽ʱʱն鿪һǹ⽣
˶٣ͷһȥ
ٶȵͦ죡
Ĳ
˵ţĲһǹɨ˳ȥ
ܿǹ⣬ɲͣǰܣúһƬǰͣʱƬ֣Ž븯֣ĲˡȻʱԸΥʱּǰǵȶȫʧˣԼԿûС
ˣȡ˶޺ˣϵ˶Դ

һҧ۷򣬳һȥ
Ĳ˽׷Խŵٶ죬Ҳҵĺ꽣һ̱նֻӱ⼫Ϊˡ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
һķ;Ҳ֪ٵ˶ľ
ܿһʼղͣ¡ٶȼ죬ٶȣ˵ľ룬濹⣬һΧǾ·һ
ûߵĿܣ

˵ţԶͻȻӰɢϢԺǿأ
һ䣬Ȼˣҵǿߣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ͻȻһҲӰоʿѹ졣
үǣ
һ˶Խŵ
ҵˣ
ĲһЦյҶμǿߣŷ硣
ʱ֮żϸվӰɢϢԲȻʿ
ƫͷɨһܣ̧ͷһգɵЦʳΪһ˶̫Ӷǣӻǹ󣡡
һˣı䡣
ֻ㲻֪ôҼү
һ˵


179 ɽ
ɨһۣ䵭ͬʱͷҲǳʱΧܵǿʵ̫ˣǳ
֣
һ˺ȵ
ʱ䣬Ӱͬʱȥ
ЩʵԲĶ죬սΪ
ɱ
ȡ
âʱϯĿ˻
ܿһ⣬˽һһ׽ֱϯȥ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦䣬Ǹһǿ߱նˣϵһֱۡ
ɨһ۽ţǲмʳǵһƨĻʳǵһҲ֪ĸŵϹ˹ۣȻܿӹţһŵķ
ԣ˽Աɫ
ôĹ輰˵еţ
ŭ⡣
ŵɫѿһƬղͼ꽻֣ȻϣǣȷʵǿһЩң졣еķʵ̫Ũˣ̫ˣ
ɱ㣡
ź
˵ţžֱ˳ȥƷһ𣬶ʱ䵴캮
Ʒ֣ǲԸ֮Ӳǚiˣץסҳһˣһ丹ʱʹӰŽײȥ


۵һŵĽֱնˣȥ
Լҵǿ߶ܺԥĶն£ǹ
̡
˵ţҲɣŲһΣѭһ϶Զȥ
׷
Ĳȵ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ϣͷһ£ߵͬʱҲĲ˴ݳλڡ
μң
ͷɨһ۶ĲһƬ
Һ鷳Ϊ߼䱾жԹĲȴһٶĲУ˼ǿߣӱüΪ
䶢˶ĲһۣͷҲصԶȥ
ӭ񣬶Ĳûɵ΢΢һǸоһ⡣
һĲһԾ𣬿ٳ׷ȥűſУúͻ뵽УպĳɾͲȻûг𣬵˭˽أΪ˽ýţǵվԸ졣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ڣһӰ˸簵Ӱһ㡣
ˣˣǿߣ죬һ׷ɱȥʹżѹȻҲԵ÷ǳǱú˲ˣȻҲûֵٺá

һ˷ҽУһؿڣʱѪС
϶䣬ҲǰԱһ˵һȭ̲סƺ
ɱ
ܣӿ˹顣
˽׽Ƶ֮һ߲ǚiܺˣһʮ˽棬ԵЩǱҪ֪ʮлнڹɱ
ܿ죬ֹȥ
ʱͻأ̧֡
һնͻȻɫһ䣬ٺƳȥ

ͬʱųѡ
ˣ

һ貵ȭͻأȭзɳһ磬ʱһǿ߹ᴩѪˮһضǣֱȥ
һɱ
ȭ
ҧ
죬ɫԵѿЩȭΪǵǿżߵҪôҲû뵽ȻԼȭһкɱһǿߣԤʾţ켸Ѿƿȭ
⣬Ҫôǿ
Ҫ֪ڲѣ
һΣɱԲ£
庮
˵ţ忪ڣҼϵǿ߾ȫɱ
ǣ٣
һӦ
ʱҼǿɢǿƣѹ졣
䣡
һɹǿϯطɵõһ񱩵쫷硣
ǿߣǿߣжĲͽţʶκˡ
ȹƣƣӦԣܴˣԽԵǱ
գٵð
캮
ǵһ˿Ѫе˽Ȼһնһ׽
գЦΪ㻹죡
Ĳ
䣬϶ʱܼĽâ£ֱն졣
ǚiƻãҴҼܿеĽ⡣ɨһ۶ĲûͣϳԶȥôǿߣսʱ򣬶߲ǵѡ
Ӳˣձ

ɱ

ĲӵĮյƿغӶ·ߣ
ϣͷһ˲˲עڣ漴Щ˸Զ֣·նܼĽâϸ鷳
ɨһ۸߿գ
ҹ
һֻӳһȭٳ񷡣
۵һһͷʱȭĲҽУͷʱʧȥƽ⣬ֱŵ׹Ȼʹϵμǿɫ䣬ԻǿɲշС
ﬣ
ʱ͵Ļӳ˽׽ֱľ߿ա
μǿ߶ʱɫұ䣬ڿУ޷ܿȽâ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ͬʱнҽһ󣬿档
һĻöμ⼸ͷϵɫԱ䡣
ɸһЩ
һ˵
ʱ˿żͷĸ߶ȶʱ
ĲɫǺܺÿǹ𶯣񱩵ǹâϯʮʵû뵽μҵ˴ڸ߿УȻɱˣǿɶǿ߰ǶԣǿҲǸ֣
ȥ
źȵ
ǲ󣬶νǺ֮ǣ潣̼âʢ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ͬһʱ䣬Һͽҵһ֣ȣɱӿ
첢ǿп⣬նһâٴζߡ
Щ˶һǿߣûһ˵ΪͣսҲΪḻô˺һټнźͶĲڣвʵ̫ˡ



ּ䣬ײ
ԽӵǱͷҲԽԽء汦ʶǿߵʶ𲻵ЧжμҵٶٿҲãʼձԷһһ˦ˡ

Щ
һ·ӣʱʱһǿ߶ڵԪѾ˲١
ӵʱ
Ĳ
ڿжʧ֣Ĳɲô
׷
ȵ
ʼӱ䣬ͬһ߰㶢ıӰ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
оڵԪĵĸˣѾֻʣңоһӰԼҲʱǰǽÿľͻȻüΪϡ٣ҲԵüΪ㣬һɽǰǰ·
ͣ½ŲɫʱüΪѿ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮𣬽ŵ׷ʮ˸վһλã˺·
ǰʮ˽һ㶣дЦ
춼Ҫ㣡
Ĳ


180 
쳯ɽһֿۣˣɫһ
ʵĽ֣
Ĳ
б𶯣
ʮˣȥ
ͬһʱ䣬˷·ȫסˡ
̧ͷɨһͷֻоҲͷ񣬶μҵǿߴڸ߿Убн˸ɭɭ⡣
ٴƫͷŽˣ侲
ҵôȡ
ĵ
䣬һ±Եֱȥ
תۼѣӰֱʧ˵ҰС
ʮɫû뵽Ȼȶʱһѷ±ߡ
֪Լܵ裬˶ϡ
Ĳ
ų򣡡
źûɱ죬ܲˡ
һ𱦽ʱ·ء
Ĳҡҡͷкһ뿪
嶢֮£΢΢üܾò̫ģϾ촳븯ֺҲǰȻ˳Ƭ̺ҡҡͷڸʱԼнⶾҩվ£˭ܻ
¿úܣ
ȥ
ҵһǿߵ
ǣү
ҵǿ߽Եͷ
ʮ˺ܿ뿪ϣμҵҲǼԦ뿪

ߵķХ죬ǰľٳȥ
ڼ׹УٶԽԽ죬ն紵ʹ
ҧҧӳг±ԵȥţԾʱֻһ±䣬Ϊľ±ٶȣһмϣܱס
ٽŵʮǿʱѡ񣬿˵ΪѡǷǳȷģΪ뽯һ˿⣬ûϣͻΧǱַʽԾ£ĿԷǳĴ

ߵķںХĲϻӽڽ±ڡ
±ڣȴ䣬±һ޴һֱ»ʮҲͣ
ϵƻܲȡ

·ȥֻƣһɺӿϣȴǼף쳯ͷȥҲʲôҲ壬ȻѾ˺ľ롣
ϻأǳȥ

룬Źȥʮվ¶ȥϾܷңȷЩǲѾ뿪ˣ±ϣԽΣգ֮¾Եࡣ
뵽첻ٳɣ±ڣְγ˽ٴγȥûֶͬΣ׹һξ˽±֤ȫȶ½ʡʡʱ
Ҳ֪˶ã¿һƲ
ˮ棿
һĨâ
ֻͨˮĲ⡣
΢΢һϲȻĲ⣬Ǳ˵Ҫﵽµײˡ
һһΣκλ壬ֱӳ·ȥ
ͨ
ˮ䣬ͷߡ
оԼȷȷʵʵһƬˮоͨ·Ǳסһ㣬ǱڼĺʱҪ䡣룬ٸˮ棬̲ס˸ɪɪ
Ƭˮ򣬵ô£
΢
ȥƺһˮ̶󣬵ҲСֻеˮ¶ʵ̫ˣ͵ЩˡҪ֪ΪȴҲǸоҪһˣᱻֱӶ
ЩĶȴûͣ£ٳŰȥ
ʱƬˮ̶𶯣Զˮ˳Ƭˮ̶ˮ涼
ֻоøЩͷȥͼһ޴ıߴˮ׳һ˫۾׵ˡ
ڤߣ
ɫ
ڤߣ߼ޣɿʶǿߣ
ˣٶȱøЩŴ˵ͷܿͳ˰һҲͣܵĻֱӲǚiߡ
ڤ߷һŭ𣬶ʱ䣬ˮ̶ˮԴӿˮγȥ
ɫһ䣬ǚi˸
ʱɲЩˮκƽ߼һŭ֮˦ԾɱһǿˣԶһǿǿ󣬵ҲûбҪȥһˮӵɡ
ڤٴŭһʮȡ
оЩʹȴһҲͣ£ƴȫԶȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãڤߵϢƺû׷
ͣ½ŲѾ۵
ѹˮ̶ǰ䣬Ȼ߼ڤߵϳ
찵
ºܣһƬܻߵڣûʲôҲûʲôݣضԵЩѺ۴ڡǰȥͻȻ΢΢һ¶һĨɫ
ǡ
̧ͷԶоһ˿ΪǷܲ
ɲһ˺Ѳһ֪ǳǿһ̲׽΢鲨
ȥ

Գ£סǸȥ
ԽԽǰߣǽ·ǰȼһһһŹ֡ûͣ£ڳǸȥ
ģʪ͸˵·ȵɣֹȥãΪȣ첻ɵܼĺˮֽ˵·ʪˡ
ڣֹȥͣ
ǣ
ǰͫ΢
ѾԼ߳˶Զһ̣ǰһʯڣʯѿŵģԵһƬڣ·Ǳһչһ㡣˿̣пһŻţŴԼֻȭͷСȴɢű˵
춨Ķǰĵš
𾧣
Щȷ
𾧣ؼȻڵĻԴ۶ɵľ壬Űܣǳž˵䱦е䱦ȶ֪ϡ˶ٱôҲû뵽¾Ȼ뱦
ѹܻ߲涼ˣԭΪ
е
漴ǰ켤
𾧣䰡
һûгɣŻ𾧿
ȻĻ۶ɣܾˣˣȴûԼʶվںһĶǾ˵ܾҲûǿ޴ڣʹ췽࣬õ
ģ쳯Ż𾧿
ԽԽ𾧣ֻоԽԽȣԽԽ죬ڵѪҺ·Ҫʹһܡ
ͣ
ͻȻһ½ȼ
ʱɫٳȥͬʱϵĻ档
ѿ
ǰ첻ɵÿЦھ𾧿ɻʮɵľ룬طǾ˵ȴѾʹ·ȼǽſԼñǾ˵ȼɵЩ


181 ׻Ԫ
˶٣ʼתļʱ䣬貵Ԫʹǵǿ˲١漴ٳǻ𾧿£ȥ
ʮɣʮɣʮɣʮɡ
ܿ죬ֻʮɾ롣
꣡
ʱ½ǻٴȼȻԪҲá
찵һٺˣ˳ȥʮԶͣ
УڵΪ޷

뵽첻ɵһա
𾧣õȴ͸֮ˡ
һʱ䣬
ͣԼģһĽơ
ⶫ𡣡
а
ҧҧſ֣֮ſǰȥ
ЧЧЧ
не
⽣ƷǱѰʱնɱһͷǿߵޣ޺ˣ˸ڵľ綾˵أ콫һпԶ΢СĽϡ
ļתһŻ𾧿ģǱ˵ȸٴļһƬȡԴˣǿȸУһŻȥֹȥãһ½ٴȼ
찵һٺˡ
ȻҲʱոҪ֣һĸоȴ˳ʱеĽһعɢУʱ䣬ȼ½ϨǱ˵ҲԶȥ
΢΢һ٣϶ʱ¶ϲɫ
浲סˣ
ԣ췢ҲоǾ˵ƺһס
һ첻ٳɣͿ絽˻𾧽ǰ
뿴𾧣о𾧾ȻЩ͸ȥǳƯңǵ𺳡

³һ֣Żץȥ
ϾǰȵĶܴ˿оȸУȴǵСġ
ģס˻𾧡
һ֣δпµơ
ˣ
ͻȻ΢΢һΣһ㣬ֱ˳ֳڡ
ɫһ䣬һ̱ǸоԼڷ·ȼ嶼óһƬëȫ˿

µȷٻ壬̲סҽ
һֻ̣оԼڷ·һ޴ɽ˰㣬һɹҽ˳ľڵÿһ䣬ľѪҺ
۵һ̲סȳһѪ
˿̣Ѿǵڵϳ鴤ˮһεεĴӶϵ䡣

ŭ
ڵȸԽԽңϥļתֿڵǵ
ʱ䣬һǿƴڱ쫷ϯҰ
֧ţļֿڵǵȿֲͬһʱ䣬һ˵֯ڣٳĻȻоˣɨһеĽƣֱ֮ѹԼؿڡ
ʱһȦȦ⻪ơ
оһЩǸӼᶨ
ңܣûô
ͺȵ
ļһͬʱתһǵȷܹڰһļһֵǵȱ˵֮ʱѹԼؿڣƷ⣬Ҳĵֿǿ˲١
ǵڰѡͷ­֣ŻǾ˵ڵڰ·ϣ췢֣ڰ׵ľˣȵκһʱҪ򵥣
⡭
Щȡ
Ҳֻһ˲ѣûйȥˡ
壬޾ܣȴҲһʱ򣬾˵֮ڣ·ȼһҪ澭ȫջٵļһ⡣
ʱһһţתۣʱȥ
ɫѾװԼԿϵǳҲʱͻأһɴƣڰɣڰ죡
ʱȴȫûʱˡ
Ϊ֮ڳĻѪ⡣
Ļᱻɣ
ǲѪ
еѾĲˣǣе֮ȴǺѱʴѪ͸࣬ʹ̣⵽ʴ
ͷٴζĵĽƣ˶٣ͻȻݺҧҧ
Ϳˣ

ļת£ԪȫŽƴ۶ȥѹԼؿڣԼͨԪ󣬽Ԫ´ڣԴڵǹ֮
ˣ
ԪӿϣУƻȻ
ʱڵԪٵ֮࣬ʱø£ڵľʹӾˡԴˣֻǿţɲϽԪע뵽еĽƴ
ò˵뷨ȷ
ԪƣȻǿ࣬漴ЩԪ͸ؿڣʱ䣬ڵǵ֮ѹ˵ȸһʧ찵ϲתԪ
ˣ
֮ϱֻоԼˬ
Ҳʱڣһƻ⻯ǹ⣬ͬөһ㣬ǿ뵽Ԫ֮С
ȻǸо仯ʱһ
һ̣оԼԪڱǿһر

졣
׽ʱһǵ֮ԪУӶʹԪһ˿֮˿̣뵱ƣܹоԪ׻֮
ң׻֮ڲǿ
첻ɵõɴ˫ۣ漴ȻȻĸ

Ե
ļһͬʱתڵ֮ȥúѾƣΪŵ֮Ѿʧ˴룬ڣ⿿ļһѾԵֵ֮ˡ
ͬʱ쿪ʼһ
һ࣡
찵
ҪԲԶʴˣŽ
ʱڵһƳദӿȥʼ۵ھ
ˣ
ڷ⣬ɢϢһǿ
գս
أʱϵϢƽȣڵ֮ѾױҲȫʧ
˫ۣ컺վ
еȣھۺһ룡

ʱܹоԼǿ

˽ʱ֣ʩչ׽һ֣֮ž죬ƾˡ漴΢΢һһɻ֮֮ϣ߽һ𣬶ʱʹýƴ
ã
һĨâɵõͺ
Ԫڲ֮׻֮ҪǣںһʹԪͬ׵κʿҪǿ
̧ͷգ첻ɵЦţĲ壬С޵
һ쳯·ء
ʱԶһ΢ʱע⡣


182 Ҵһ
΢֮ǰǷڵλòԶСĵĿ˹ȥֻƺʲô¶ЩһƹЩ棬ӽǿһ·
ǣ
ʱһ
Ϥ뵱ĪʯеǿĲһ
ʱǿϼŲ׽Ĳף
ץ񣬽֮СĲɾȻӭյȥʱ䣬һ΢ɼ帡ҰУ˲¶ϲ֮ɫΪϿӡŵЩС֣ǲ׽Ĳף
ţһһĶȥϵıԽ˷
ĳɣ
ץ켤ѡ
ѾƿɵĲ׽ϣǡüĳɽ
һֱȥʮųƽ
ˣţǼúõţ
Ц
վɨһܣ˽ʱУһ֡ԭѾ׼ʹ뿪ȴû뵽ʱѰ˲׽ĳɣĳɲ׽
ﬣ
Х𶯣һչ˽ʱ
찴ղ׽ĳƬ̺¶ɫĳɲ׽ʵ̫ˣֻһСоԼսǿࡣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
һ쳹Ұⷽ»׽Ť

һۣ¹ȥ
ħԵʯߣһŮվڡ
Ҳˣô㣬ô
Ůҧ촽
ԶԶȥŮԵúܵǼꡣ
ʱѽӽƮ˶ëѩ
Զһ߿˹С㣬Ѿ˰ˣȥɡ
Ϊ£ħڣҲ̲ס̾ϢǳݡųͬԼŮһ㣬żܣҲܡԼСһֱѩţδĹ
ҪϴһһԵȵ
ҡͷ
Ůһ˿£ǣȴǼᶨ
³£С㣬׹ϵѾţձ̫Ӽ̳λӣС㶼֮УСȥЩס
Ĭħڣú
´ټҲԼ⣬㣬ҵģǰϡ
ת곯Żʳȥ
Ůţ죬ţ
¶ħ̲סٴ̾Ϣʳ콾ĸܵԼСˣǱ׹̫ҲһƽʳǣȴǸıУ´ûԼСΪһ˵ز
ˣоĵɡ
̾Ҳת뿪

ʳǣʹ
̫ӵ£̳λѾ׼á
һ
ڣ޵ŵ۹ڣվ꣬ǽţĲ塣
Ǽء
޵ƽ
׵
⴫
á
޵ͷ
˸޵΢Щɡ
޵ע⵽һ㣬Ц壬Ǽɻ󣿡̳λ֮޵Ҫ֧֣Ϊһδļ̳ˣ޵Ƕܿûаʲô̫ϡ
ͷü£ͨɼΪ𽫾ĿԣԶɽӦô죿ǽûгѹĽڣһԶɽΪɣݵλٴΰθߡ
ԣ޵δڣĲȴЦ
Զɽͬ⣬꣬Ӧ
Ĳ
Ĳ˵ĲԶɽͼ궼ӦַɣԶɽͼ͸ҡ޵ԵЩ̾ʮԶɽۻľ̫ˣȻѾȥ󽫾һְȴɻһǱв
һ
ߵ

ħ룬ɽ
ﬣ
ХصһӰڷɿ˸
ʼƮŰѩѾڵ϶
Żѩ˽һ֮⽻֯ž졣漴һ̣֮л渡֣֯һɢӾ˵Ľ֮ơ
׽

וּһһ׽˽ϳԶһʯնķ顣
һͣ

ŲԶ¶һĨЦ
µʱ䣬ĳɵĲ׽ƿɣͬʱǽԪе׻֮Ҳ뵽׽Уٴ׽ȻֻǴ죬ս۷ǿ߲
Ҹһ֡
뵽
˶٣һĨâ˼ԶǷˮ̶
Цһ˹ȥ
ܿ죬쿿ˮ̶Աߣһһ貽âʱûС
ߣ档
е
ˮ𶯣ͬ˰㷭
һ̣һͷߴˮ׳˫۱Ķ졣
ЦЦгһֱնߡ
ͷȻͷ߼ڤߣʱһྐྵƣڤߵŭѣſھһƬСƬˮ涼
ƼԶ˽ն麮

˵ţ쾹ֱӳ˹ȥ
ڤ߸ŭ˼֣ˮ治ɵøӶһβͳ
һһβ֮ίʵЩ¡
ȭԼȭӭϡ
䣡
һȭֱڤߵľβϡ
ڤ߳ʹɵŭХβȴƲĳͬһʱ䣬ٴſڣһƬӿʱʹɫ˼֡
ﬣ
׻չһӳʮ
һ˵ĴײκǱĵɳȥǴһĨѪ
ʹˣ
ǵѪһ졣
ڤߣ첻ɵð£߼޹ȻѶԸ
ʱڤٴŭſھͳ˺ҧ
ȣߣ档
е
˵ţҲɣǚi˲ϢԶȥ
ڤκٶίʵЩ죬׷ȥԶ󣬱ʧȥӰֱһͨһЩʯȫ
˻صĵطϢ
ԼֺĺƽһЩ
׽ɣȫƿ׽׻֮˵նͷ߼ߣնƽӦò⡣

һתļָԪٴ
ܿ죬չȥ
һ죬콫׽ĳƿɡ
漴ٴˮ̶ߡ
ߣѩ
ˮؽе
ȻͬʱͳһΪ
ڤߴˮ׳ˮɸߣֱӳһںͬһʱ䣬ڤߵľ޴βҲǴˮһβͳ˹
ǲ氡
Ц
˵ţҲǳڤ߳˳ȥ
һһսһΪաȻһαһκöˣ٣˵ͬʱҲڤ˲˺ۡ
ݻصĵطתļ޸ڤսµƣͬʱָԪֱȥʱվٴοʼ׽
ˣһǰչȥ
һ죬һ£׽Ѿȫƿء
֣ˣ
ˮ̶ߣе
һβնâڤԼ˳һŭĶ졣ܹﵽ߼޲ΣڤѾ˺ܸߵǻۣǰʵ̫ɶˣʱڣֻߣȴ


183 С
Ц˽һ׻âʱ֡
ߣˣ
ڤЦ
ô˵Ҳǿʶ߼ޣͷ߿һҲûӣչȫ
ڤŭХһʮˮˣ졣
ն
ȵһ¡
׻֯һ֮ţ˲նС
ವһǚi˲ǰһȭ¡
飡
һȭɲС߼ֱӱҷˮء
Ҳ׷ڤߺٺһЦ
һµʱ䣬ƿĲ׽ͬʱΪҲﵽ۷壬ս֮ǰǿ̫̫ࡣΪڻӰΣԼԪĿҲøӴ죬ҲӵĿ顣
ƣڤǴŭ
һŭһɿֲĺڤߵɢתۼǽˮ涼
ಣ
ƿ֮ڤߵĴβ졣
ǿ°

䣬ȴҲǶȭӭߵβͣ׻ӭڤĺٴսһ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һһ߲ײһ쫷硣
ط֮׻ֲ֮һ֯һ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
˿˺ۡ
ߡ
ſڴ
һߣڤҲûкõȥǽۣǷŭ֮ɫ
죬ڤ߲ɵŭһԼȻһ˵˳̶ȡ
Ŷ䣬һֻһֻۣЦȻôǿʶ޹Ȼ£һǲЩ
̧ͷգվ˽ջصʯС
ߣˣлϰ
ڤߵ
䣬˳Сصķȥ뿪ʱˡ
ڤ߶ıӰһŭ𣬾ֿɶ񡣲˶ٺڤȴû׷оǿûɱİա
ٴһڤ߻ˮףȥˡ

͸Ŵ̹ǵĺѩڿз裬һƬƬء
ħԵ컺˳
䣬ܱȻȴֻǸһĺƺһҲо䡣
Ƿ𾧵𡣡

߳ħ룬źʵĻѩϣһӡֱ֣ѩڸǡ
ţͣԶȥһʯȻѩѾ˺ܺ񣬵ȴûܽʯȫסЩԼ仹ǵãϴδħʱһŮ졣
֪ΪΣͻȻЩơ
ҡҡͷջĿ⣬Żʳǵķȥ
Լһʱʳ⣬˽ȥ
ʳĻѩĺܺ񣬲ʳǵĽֵȴˣû̫Ļѩܷ㡣ԴˣһҲ⣬ϾǻʳǣܲýֵһֱźѩʱʱֵϵĻѩ
еӣǡ
벻λͽȻҲı֮ġ
ǻһ֮ԣҲţ
˭Ըţ֤ȷ䣬Ѱ˼Զɽ͵йĹź
⡭
±Ѫϴ
ܣСۡ
Դʱֹס˽Ų
һײϣŭʲôͻȻͣ˵ţŶͷֵ߿ˡ
ѩƮڴͻȻض
ƫͷԶ۵ļ꣬һ˹ȥ
Сӣ£
һʵ
ôˣ
ʵ
һۣЩ⣺㲻֪
ҡҡͷŸմħ֪
һ˶ʱȤ·ѰԼˣǰǰ̫ӵ¼λּҪԶɽ֮ŮΪǶõ°֪ͼԶɽǶܾˣⲻǿּ𣿡
󣬸벻·ˣѰһЩżȻǼԶɽ͵й˽ͼȨλıȨλʵλϽȻҲʵǡ
ȭԶɽأء
˼ıЩŹ֣ȴҲû⣬һ˵ˣȴԶɽͼ꣬ȫ񣬼ԶɽòǱѺڴΣУնǱڻʹ˵̫ӵµҲǳ飬˵زȴžȫάꡣ

Աߣ̵ǽͻأѿŵļ˶һ
ú䣬ɱ⽻֯ɢ



ʱ䣬ܵǽһѣһ硣
ô£
ܵȫŵĲᡣ
תѭһ򣬻뿪
ԼʱǰһۡȻǽ
ȥܼһľȫʱվʮʿΪԲԳųì
һ˹ȥ
ţʲôˣվס
бʿȵ
וּһһʿѪС
ʱ䣬ܵıʿȫ󾪣Χ
˭
ôĵӣҴѵǰ
ͬ£
Щʿٳ
˽䵭һ֮쳹ʮ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦䣬ʮʿ뵹ѪУȫ
ŲȺȻڿȴвһֱעʱһĻЩ˶ʱʧɫ
⣬˭ȻҴĽ
Щɶǵ۹ʿȻȫɱˣ
찡⡭
˶ˡ
ĲӺƽ˿ҲЩ˵ı飬նľ⣬ƽƿš
֨ѽһĴűƿһɵѪζӭ
ȥԺں˵ĵʬ壬ѩƮǣЩʬòȴϡܹ塣쿴׳֮꣬ǰһֱڽǿߣĿЦƫͷ쿪һߣǼ򣬴ʱϲ߰˸˳ǹҪѩڸǡȥ쿴һЩѾ߸ˣ֮ǰ佫ʱЩһĶ
ͻȻЩѹ֡
ȥŲŽȥ
úһرķǰǵãǼķ䡣˶٣˽ȥʼһ뷿䣬ʱŵ˵ķ㣬̧ͷȥԵúܰԶӱһ軨
һ͸ǻ
ûз𡣡

ǻŮճפȴҪ̷Чõûзã
ŮĹ뷿Եò̫һߵߣߵϣڷһСӣּȻǳһŮ̧֣֮֡˶٣վ̲סСӣһҳҳ·췢֣ƺճʼһĶ¼ĶЩƽռ¡
ż·ͻȻ΢ͫ
죬˼еףǸڷǾˡүүôȵң֪ҿˣѹҵ·ҵӡûκ֪ҿҵḶ́ԼҲ֪ʱ۾ƺ۵ӡ죬ˣһȦʳǣҷôǣҺϲǵһӵˣӦöҸŶԣҲӦϲŶԣ֣ͻȻܻϲ


184 նɱ
ͻȻЩѹ֣ĳЩ£֪˼Ϊʲôôر˶Ϊ겻֪ôȵǣ꾹Ȼ֪֪ĺһ죬Լ̡
ֶ˶µһҳ
Ժˣصħ룬ҲУһͨ
Ѿȥûгһ⣡
ħ죬ڳˣһֱţԲµġ
ԺһδսһȻһξɱʮ
յܿģһֱܻܸˡ
һȻ㽫ǸɱɳٶȺÿ졣ſɲ򵥣ݷǷʳ˶˼ţһκ⣬Ǹ㲻ʲôһҲ¡
̫֯ʢ磬ҲҪȥħڣһ˿ܻΣգǣܻԸҲҪȥ٣ұǶǿ˿Դһܾأһᱣһᣡ
׹ˡţš
ˣûгһţһ
ԷСӱĳҺմʪһЩ
ֲɵ΢΢
ǿЩ壬Ҳֱӷĸо
˶٣һҳ
´ټҲԼ⣬ҵģǰͷϡҲڣǸһһо̫ɵˣ̫ˡ
ּʧˣ棬û
սȭͷָѪС
ԼȻܱ
΢һССĵʯ䣬ͬʱӱߵǻҲɨⷿһۣ˳ȥСĵں÷š

ڴѩƮԵú䡣
춨ŵĽɨԺк˵ʬ壬漴˳ȥ
ˣ
£
ǵйӣ
վʮǿıʿвǿߡ
ǿд뽫Ȼĵ۹֪ˣڸϵ
ɱ
һͳĺȵ
ʱһڱʿȫ죬顣
ޱ飬һ⡣
ﬣ
Х쳹˻ģƬռڣѩ
漴һж
ʮʿһһȫѪУЩǿڣûһ˴
⡭ȫȫˣ
ʲôʲô
ҸղʲôҲû
ʮ⣬һЩΧȫɫɫɫò԰ס
ûʲôôһԶϵʬ壬ܵȺֱѭһȥ
ʱ䣬ǰȺˢˢ·
Űʱһݻĸ¥ǰ۱
ʲôҪ
Ůӭ
۱ΪʳŮȻڡ
û˵ʲôȡǷ
Ů̶ʱݣɫøЩԵȣȥִ¡
˵ţŮ̿첽¥
쾲ԭأʱԶЦ
һһŮԶ߳ŮģһϽǼ֮ɫӴʮң¹ڳһӡŲˣӣһصı顣
˳£
ˣߣ
ˣɷ͹⣬֪ˮڳԸ㷹
Ա߸Ųˡ
ƫͷȥˣȻҿ䣬١
һ˵ƨԵúãȻͻȻ䣬оһ⣬̧ͷһʱʹɫ䣺죿㡭û
岻ǰ٣ѾٰԽһȻ˿̣û뵽ǣ۱УȻٴμ죡
죬ȻúõĻţ

ɫѿٺˣҪ۱
ûǸϢ֪ͨˡ
춢٣Уһذ׸֣׻֮⵱֯ıʼûʲô仯һеذ׶ʱͬ١
ۣ
ذ׻һ׹â˲ٵĺһĿѪ⡣
ٲҽжĵȥ
ˣ
ɱ
ֳһŵľ۱ʱˡ
һӰٳ壬Ǿ۱һˡڿڵĳ󣬶ʱҲɫ䣬ɵĿʱȴһҲûУ֪ƿѡ˵
ˣ
Ů̽Կ˹ʧɫһ־졣
۱ڻʳеĵλͬѰϾɸɵйҴһھ۱ЩŮû뵽˵ֱھ۱ɱˣ
ˣ죡ץץס
ɱˣ
ʮŮ̽е
ɫ΢ͺȵҰ
ݿɲһ㣬£ûʸܡ
۱ڣһ˫˫Ŀȫϣָָ㣬ǰ˵˭Ȼ󵨡
ʱ۱¥
һ꣬ɢһǿ
ִ´ˣ⡭
ӭȥ
겻Ǳˣҵ
ҵԶٵʬ壬죬ɫ΢΢ݡҵҲһЩλǰ˵Ĵţȴ뵽첢û˿̾ͺö˶˵վǰ
Ϊʲô
ɨһٵʬ壬ҵʵ
ʱҵЩơھ۱ɱˣԾ۱ɻοھ۱Ļһˣһλ׿ʦҵĿ䣬۱ɺܲõӰ졣
ҵҪһ
ҵɫ΢첻ش⣬ԵøĮЩ
Ϊʲôô
ҵһɰϯ
ŲߣϢɫ䡣
۷壡
Һ
ӭҵƣɫû˿仯ǰֿһ
Ҫһ
ҵû˿飬һߡ
ڵ鲢ã⡣
ӭҵͻأ£̲סһ
㡭
ֻԵЩĮҵȴпһֲֿĶǷ·һУ궼ŲסŲҵݺ˿Һһƽ
壬ｻ㣬úôҵ˵꣬ҵ죺ҵ¥
ҵĻ˶¶ɫ
⡭
ˣ
ȥ¥
˵ۡ
ҵɢǿϢ˶ΪҵҪֱѹ죬ȴû뵽ҵȴ˵Ļǵ׷һȥ¥ðڵһЩ˶¶Ź֮ɫ
ҵҲЩ˵ı飬ȳŶ¥ȥ
ûʲô飬ҵ󣬵϶¥
ܿ죬¥һ䷿䡣
ǰ˵ħˣСʵ˺ܾãȴû뵽Ȼšôɱ٣̫鷳ˣҵü룬ɻУ˵ҪһҪʲô




185 ıӰ
ҵûҪʲôϾһʿѰҸǿıǷǳ¡
ã۱ոյһ
ҵ
Ǯ
ʵ
ҵ룬Ͱԭ۳ۣһǧҡ
ͷȡһϿ
ּҲҵѾܾãؼڲǰҼҲƣͬ¾ӪּҲҵ׬ȡǮһ͸ǧҡ
ҵЩ⣬쾹Ǯ
Եȡ
һ䣬ҵ
úҵһϻ֮ݸ졣
Ʒȡ齣
ҵ
򿪽ϻϻһԼĳߵıɭɭնһС
Щ⣬סһΣ֮뵽ʯС
Ʒʹ߳ҵս
лˡ
ҵ
˵ţתȥ
ȵȣҵס죬һ˲Ǳߡͼһ۱ȥܣҵ֪ͽЩԨԴٺͼǺܺõѣ񽫾ѣҵ֪ķӦ
ֹסŲҵоʱ˼֡
㡭
ʹҵ΢΢ɫһɿֲɱ⡣
ƫͷҵãԶɽıȨλ£
ҵĬҡҡͷ
ϽսɳʮأȺ׹̫ˡλвԼλ˴ڣԡ̾Ϣνˣʷϣ˲

Ц
ʱ䣬ҵо˸ӱϢ඼̲ס¡
һҵգѺżͽν֣ն
˵ҵҲЩΣʵϣڻҵ׹˳΢ʣϾԶɽΪ׹ູͣӶȺսʮ˵ǼԶɽ˱׹İ
Ȼ޵⣬ΪмԶɽı֤ݡ
֪ԣȡ
쵭Į
ԣҵʱɫ㣬ѵ롭
첻˵ʲôŲֱ˳ȥ
ıӰҵоؿڱʲôײһ¡
ıӰһ̣ΰ

һ죬ܿȥ
ʱڣʼƮŶëѩʳǵһΡѩǣضһƬ֮С
Եú䣬һ죬ʳǵĽֵϣȴΧˡ
Զһӱʿ֮ࡣ
룬Ѻһһߣɢ㲲ɣ
ԶɽλϽ
û뵽ϽȻı֮ġ
İ
˵
ѵѵٱʿս׷ͬʱٱʿĽŲҲĻʳǽֵһ󶶶
ٱʿ룬ĵӰԵøڡ
޵ţĲ塣
ǰδ󽫾Զɽййӣͼ췴ıȨλΣգνն
ٱʿ룬ͳߺȡ
ȥܿ죬ýֵߵĲٹָָ߽㣬˽ҡͷ
Զɽͷ棬ͬؤ㣬ͳ˿Ҳû⡣
֮һе
Ĳ
ͷ
޵ŻʹڣһЦ
ƽ̸룬ĳ棬һʪۡ
ͻȻѩø󣬶ëѩܣ˲ɵס۾
ǹŹ֣
ֹ
ķѩɢʱǰıʿȴͣ
ιͣ£
ͳȵ
ȺĿ⳯ǰȥֵͷһ겻֪ʲôʱվ޳Ӱıֱ·һ챮
죡
ŵĿͻȻɭ䣬ɱŽ
ĲǱɫ׹µ죬ţ
޵΢漴ֱƽ
ļԶɽ̧ͷʱһ¶Щϲ֮ɫСֵܣ㻹ţ˶٣Զɽƺ뵽ʲôɫʱһ䣺ߣ
ɫƽһҲ
Ͻʱ䵹ʮ꣬㻹汱׹սɳ𣿡
żԶɽʵ
Զɽ΢΢Ĭᣡ
ƽΪʲô
Ϊ˰ա
Զɽ
ɨֵߵΧߣ¶ЩЦΪ˰գ
ӭĿ⣬һΧ߽һоŨŨĳ
żԶɽΪ󱲣Ҳ뷨˵뷨޴ڱ߾սѪΪ۹ǰ㻤ӱ׹ʮذսɨƽڱ߾Ȼô˭ܼǵ㣬Ϊһ书ݺ㣬Ҫ㣬һֱŵգȻ֪ǱԩҲΪվ˵һ֣޼ֵ
ƽĻʱô󲿷˶ݡ
ֵߣһЩΧ¶֮ɫ˵ͷȥЩУȷʵкܶ˶֪ҵ뷨֪ԶɽǱԩģǣӴĻң˭վΪԶɽ˵ȨҪİ
£
һͳȵ
ʱ䣬ǰʮʿȫȥ
Сֵܣߣ
Զɽ
鵭ĮңҲΪҹһΪ䡣
ﬣ
𣬴Ŀϯʮ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪⲻϽ䣬ɲǼѣǰʮʿȫն뵹ѪС
һĻʱסˡ
ֵߣΧ߽Ǵʧɫȫ
ϣץ
ͳ˧ŭ
ֵٱʿսԣȻȥ
ʱıʿ졣
һ·ûпǰܼʿֱֱĶżԶɽڣ㱻ν֣ҪնΨһŮ꣬ұڻʹڣңսɳô꣬嵽
񱩵ɱϯգԵĽ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһ׹䣬һʿ£һո
һֲĳȥһ޳ӰֳһٵıʿûһܿӰһڣпߣһⲻǱǿ񱩵Ľ˺ƬȻһЩǿҲ⡣
ԶɽɫЩѿɵսȭͷ
ѺԶɽͳ˧ŭԳǰ

ͳ˧Ϊ۷壬սǳǿᣬȻѹ¡
޶ãһһ׽ϯȥ
ۣ
ͳ˧ĺֱӱᴩѪ£
ֵߣΧɫȻ
⡭
Ҫ
ȻȻΪУ
ﰡ
˶ɫ
׹ң۹񣬾Ȼ˵ű׹棬նɱһ۹ʿ̫ˣ

һ
ɫ䵭һԾǰ
Ƿ¾Ȼãն㣡

µĽ۶ɣѩ

ֻ֡
ֳ齣â𶯣һնһųԶ


186 
źɳȥһڵϣֱһѪˮ˳
⡭ôܣ
ǸţȻ
˽Աɫ
ŵʳǼ˲֪˲ͬһˣȻ˿̣ǿĽţȴһס
㡭
վɫࡣ
һնһֲ쫷磬һٴɨɡ
̧ͷޱס޵
걻ڻʹڣ޵ɱ⣬ԶԶ˶Խŵɱ⡣
ѹ
ϰ
ʳǽֵϣٱʿ붯ȫ졣
ﬣ
齣ƣܼĽϯʮոһ
ҽеһʱصѪˮ䣬һʿȥ
ޱ飬гһһâʱ仯һ꣬ϯȥһ˲ȥʮ˵
Сֵܣס֣
Զɽе
ޱ飬ֻһǰȥ񱩵Ľɢ⣬˿һ⣬ȫȽɱ
ﬣ
˵ĽХ𣬽ųն
ʱ䣬һɺ˵Ľ⽻֯һÿ
ҵĺ꽣

Ŵ˿չ˺꽣еһɱУʿˣͼһ޴ĺֱѹ졣
Сֵܿ
Զɽ󺰡
Ϊ󽫾ԶɽʵףȻҲ֪нĿ¡
ϮĽû˿̧֣һն¡
һնĿֱֲӱնǻɢ
ܣ
ɫһ䡣
ܣ˶ɫǿĽȻһͱնˣ
Զ˽Զݡ
ô£ô
ľ
ҲѾﵽ죬սǴ˿̣ȴǱսסˣȻѾܹѹƽˣ
ĲҲǽǰǾɫ
ɱ
ʱһ
ŵɫԵЩҵĺ꽣ʩչ£һնʮ貵ĽɺΧ֮Ʊ졣ͬʱԼҲǿ˹ȥʱ䣬ܽŭ𣬽۳ʵʵĴ󽣣˺ѩ
⽣ȸղŸǿˣ
˶ݡ
ȺŽŴ˿ɢƣнĲ̫ڿ¡
춢Žţ˿ûиı䡣

ֻ򵥵֣еĽ֮ž죬漴ֱһն˹ȥ
ʱнȫɢһٴκɡ
ȣ
ڿУűǿȳһھѪ
һĻȺȫסˣǿĽţ˿̾˴
£һΧǳ״סˣһڱʿҲ˵
ɨ˽ţȥ⣬һżԶɽڵȥ
ң
бʿŭ
ϧӭӴ˵ģֻһ
һıʿֱӵѪС
˲ʱڶʿΧȥЩʿп־壬ȴҲϡ
˭ң˭

һϯʮ漴ΨѪڽ䡣
̶̰Ӳնɱٶʿ˼ԶɽԱߡ
Сֵܣ㡭
ԶɽǵǣǸж
וּһ֣׽𶯣סԶɽնķѡ
Ľˣ
⡭˰
ֵߣΧļ¡ܴһʼ֪ɵնʱЩȴޱȡһ̣ٴľ·ˣն˶ΪżԶɽȥȴû뵽쾹ֱƹǰȥ
⡭Ҫʲô
ơƺǣλð
òҪ
˶ɴ˫ۡ
У齣춯ˡ
ԶɽҲǱɫıӰȻ޵˹ȥ
תۼ䣬޵֮⡣
̧ͷ޵ˣѼ꣬ҡ
޵һƫͷĲ塣
·ġ
Ĳ
˵ţĲͬʱԾ£һ˳ǹһ˳ֽ
նˡ

гһƷ׷iչһ۾ǰ
ͬһʱ䣬ĲնһƷǹ֮ƣ졣
䣡
˺һսνǿˣȽŸǿһЩ
ڸֳһ˿齣ϣ֮һ˲䱬·׹̵˶䶼ʹ
ﬣ
һŭХ
Ѫ⽦俪еıնϣͬһʱ䣬Ľ滮壬ûзӦ֮ʱǽ֮նΡ
һĲʬڵϣ촽˶еɿɢ
һն
壡
޵ɫ
ʱĲĳǹӲ£ݺļϡ
ɣ
ĲЦ
ĲöĲ⣬ȴʹ˵θɣһȵϣǿҲԿ¡
Сֵܣ
Զɽɫ˹
һ̣ԶɽͣΪǰֱ̧֣ס˶Ĳѹͷǹˡ
㡭
Ĳɫ䣬صһȻܶôܣ
סĲĳǹĿȴûȥĲֻĶ޵Ѽ꣬ң
וּһХ̶һնĲؿڡ

ҽ𣬶Ĳɿǹˣŵŵŵĺˣ˫ؿڣѪˮָ϶ͣ죬ͣĴϢ漴һڵϣ鴤˼ºû˶е֮⾡ɢһֱӹᴩ࣬ʶǿߣҲȻûдĿܡ
Ĳ
޵ڱɫ壬Ĳ˿ҺͶμδļ̳ˣλǳҪ˵֧֣ȴȫնɱ
ȺҲȫסˣһľ
ˣȻһ˲ͱɱˣ
૵
ǻʳǷưߣĲǻʳǷưң˷ֱҺͶμһδ̳ˣǣڽգȴô򵥾ͱնɱˡӰһ̣˶̲סҺ
̫ǿˣ
̫ˣ
ԶɽıӰҲ˵
У齣âʢһ޵ȥ
ң
ıЩ壬гһһǰδеĿֲϯ͵ĳ޵ȥǿ񱩵ɱţ߲ΧĿѪ

һ
޵һӰһƽĽ顣
һ۵ߣ뷢԰ף޵ǰĶ졣
ʶǿߣ
̧ͷȥеøŨ
齣֮⽻֯漴׻֮ӿ֣ںһ𣬷·һͷǿֲĽƾΧߺȻʱסһ亹

̧֣һնǰ
齣׽ϯ񷣬˲ʶǰ
һȥȻһ̾ͱɫǿֱֲ֮ӽĻһ֮ɨʮԶ


187 Ժ
ʳǽֵϣ˶סˣһɴ˫ۡ
һʶǿߣȻһˣ
ҵ졣
ȫˡ
У齣֯׻֮Եޱȱ
ӭ޵һƹȥϵɱ⺧֮Ŀ˼֡
⡭ѵҪ߱
˲
޵ɫǱúѿҲû뵽һ²Ȼǿ˵زʶǿ߶ܶݵĿ⡣
Сֵܿס֣Ǳ׹ĵ򲻿ɶ֣
Զɽס졣

һ䣬ֱӽԶɽˡ
е齣𶯵ĸ֯׻ڣɱֱ
죬ס֣
һϤ
ӰٳǱ׵ԺĳϺغ
ͣ£Ǳ׹εʲô
εô
䡣
ںغĵ˿Ҳ⣬һɱı޵
غɫҲЩÿɫǳ
죬سˣ㻹Ǳ׵ԺѧΪ׵Ժĳϣڣס֣ǻԭ£ᷢ䡣
ͣ½Ų̧ͷ򺫺غ
֣ԺƳС

΢΢һգһ죬ԺƵ鿪
ڣˡ
䵭
㣡
غʱ¶ŭɫͬʱҲޱΡ
ܣΧ߶һĻҲɫ䡣
Ǳ׵Ժĵӣ
Ȼ˵Ժơ
ô
˶𺳡
׵ԺǱ׹丮ͷ­壬ÿ䣬׹ȴֻܹԺУ˵뱱׵ԺһҫһڣȻֱӷ˵ԺƣҪԺ
춢޵һӭϣˡ
վס
죬ס֣αأ
غǰ
˶컹ǷǳкøеģҲ챧кܴڴǣҪ߱ɱ׹ĵǲܷβܡ
˲£
캮
һ𣬱ɨɵǸʶǿ˻һĶ죬Ҳǽ֯ɱ⡣ղţȻʿɨ˳ȥ
뼸λǰѹ
޵˵
صߵͷһɺ嫵Ԫ𣬳ѹȥ
ɫ䵭齣һ׽š
䣡
һɿ񱩵ϢڳϯҰ˻ģһΧ߽Աɫ
ɫһ䣬ٴζݡ

ѣȻܹɢ˿ֲĽƣʶǿ߲ˣʹвɵһ𡣲ϢȻʹʶǿη壬ֻ߽Ųһһ˲졣
̧֣һӡ졣
ͨƣ
س
ͨƣʶ似ųһƳɷһС
齣ܣֱӭϡ
ﬣ
Х̶һնߣԷײһ𣬶ʱ䣬񱩵ԪϯȥĲΧߵŵŵŵĺˡ

ߺȵ

䣬е齣øӿ£׽ˡ
וּһߴٴνһ
ֻһ˵Ԫײһһ쫷粻ɵþ𣬳ܳȥ˿µϢĲΧٴκˣ±Ȳ˵
Ȼܵסʶǿߣ
𺳡
Уÿһն׻֮·һͷ˻ǵȿ񱩵Ľƺţȫȫסʶߵͨƣ˿·
غų룬ɵöս˫ȭһ꣬ʮѣȴѾﵽ죬ңƾΪսȴѾǿᵽ˿ǿʶǿߵĵزǺεȵεȵţ׵Ժʷϣʲôʱȳɫĵӣ
λǰһ֡
޵˵
صɫЩͳϽһΪұ׹ѵһľţպĳɾͲ£ֺαˣ
޵ɫ΢䣺λҪˣнգҲȻ֮
غ΢ȷʵһı׹һЩĵر似Դﵽʶ硣
ˣ
̾Ϣǰȥ
Ҳҡͷһ𣬳ѹȥ
죬Բˡ

䣬ƣѹȥ
Ǹ
ص
˵ţҲǶ֣Ҳǳƣ졣
ǿֶΣֱǵͽֻǣܶն⽣âĵʵ졣
һˣ˭һ
ޱ飬ںغѹû˿
˭ң˭ǵˡ
Į
וּһ׽âն콣
ſ񣡡
ʶɫߺȵ
ͨƻӳʱ䣬춼ӡ
齣һ罣ϯʮ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ӡȫɨ飬齣ն׽â
齣Ʒս˴Լ˳ɣԭΪ˵սȫɿһʶǿߡ
ѰôôǿǱ̬𣿡
Ĳ
Ѿ˳˺Զ˿̶һĻɫνѿ

ʳǣͬԽ
쳹ȭӰƹҲڽ֯ĸսһ𣬽ʳǽֵˡ
飡
׷ߺȵһӡ۰ϡ
ѪͬʱȴҲնһڰ׷ؿһѪۡ
׷һŭƸӿ񱩡
غҲһ֣ʶǿߺһ쾡ǿҲվǿʼƣκְ˰׷һƣŵŵŵĺ˳ȥԶ
Сֵܣס֣
Զɽǰ
ǿüԶɽ𺳣˿ܴ̿Զɽޱȵģʶǿһ첻ܵס
ߣ
Զɽ
ԶɽţһҪߣûܹ¡
ߣߣƿԶɽǵѪĶ޵жҷģһɱ㣡ɱ㣬ζԵ
ӭ޵üͷһһĨɫ
λǰѹϣϣĪҪҳ飡
޵
ս֮ϣ޵ıǵĮ
׷ߵ˵ͷϵͽȻ
̾Ϣ죬ҡҡͷ
֮󣬱ؽһ
ص
죬ϵҲǿʼ𶯣һһͬʱ֡
ʱʶԪʮһ̣չһرʶһʱԵøߴࡣ
ֻԶֱƴöǰڷ裬Ȼıʼղ仯ʼպ䡣
䣡
̧齣ֱ򽣣׻鲼ȫҲǿʼǡ
һ˲䣬Ĺǿײһ˶Ĳ
ƣ̫ڿ£
ʶϼһһˣǣȣҪ
һԱ
ĹƶǿȴĴ˶С
Զһץһƺ«ͷʹʱļԶɽһңͬؤݡ


188 ƷƹϷ
ƫͷȥüͷʱһˣǵԼƺ
üͷ룬ͻȻһĨĹ⡣
㡣

ʳǽֵϣǿ߰ɱǸʱڼоȹһƹǴˡ
ƹһЦСֵܣûоơ
ûУҲϲ
˾䡣
˵ţƫͷĺˡ
𰡣ƹĹĲӣҺȾƣҰܣôܹƽɣ
Ҫ

ƹһ㶣͹һھƣĴָԸϲ
˵ţƹԹԵ˿ȥһߵĽֵ
ƷƹϷ¡
ƹĵ
Χ߶ƹҡҡͷ
һҲǺȵĹ࣬ûˣȻʱսȥ
вġ
˵ⶫУȶˣ֪ôġ
ֹ
ɨƹһۣ½Ŀϡ
죬ס֣סֻüǻ顣
˵
ҲǶ죬˶ϣȥ
ޱ飬齣ϲ׻֮⣬ֱָǰ
ɱΪж

޵оɱ⣬ɫʱ
׷һأӷʲô£
˵ţ׷ֱӳ˹ȥ
ˣ
ͨƻӳʱгܼӡһصһء
̧֣齣һޱ߽âϯ
ٴսһ뽣ײ
ò˵ʶǿ߷ͬһ㣬׷ͨ齣ײƾ˿𣬷·ǽմһ㣬ľ
췴ֳ齣תն
וּһһγɣӣбն׷ߡ
һò˶ݡ
ǡǣ
õĹַ
⡭
ľ
һƼ򵥣ȴԶܣϻԼȥԻᱻС
ԶغһҲЩޡ
׷΢΢һƺҲһһ̣߱һŤһǳֵĶܿһ
ƣ
׷̧֣һӡ졣
ˣ齣ǰס׷һơ
һʮֱ΢΢顣¶Ű׷ߣеâȴǸʢ˼֣齣ϵ֮øǿ
СΪܹԸʶǿߣ
׷ղŵһȷʵܿ£Աܿʶ֮£κƶһǣʶǿ߲һʶǿʶԲ׽һЩ켣ҲܹЧıܿ
˵ţ׷ٴγȥ
ޱ飬齣ֱָǰ
׷һ̬ȺǲŲһٱ˳ȥ˫ӶֱӡƺҪʮ
粽ӭϣ齣һɨ콣



׷ߵͨƿνǺǿ˫ֶˡʱ򣬰׷ߵƺе齣ײһֱĽ졣
Խƣ
ͻȻ׷һ
һƣǶݣΪһƣ췽նһǳƣͬǽйѱܿ
ˣ
ҡͷ
Ű׷߻һƣȻҲǸоĪвֻǣıʼպƽһ̣һתǿ˲鲼ܣʹĸӦ˲һٽ㡣
ٴοŰ׷ߵһƣ˲ǱޱҲǧһĹͷ첻ܣ̧𣬴Ӳӳһס˰׷߻ӳһƵֱ۵ǯӰ㽫֮οס
㣡
׷߶ʱһԼһƣȻ˵
ʱе齣𶯣̶ĽХ϶ն䡣

׷ɫ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬޵󺰣ϣϣ
غΣ˳ȥһһն¡
ĽۿžҪڰ׷ϣһ̣غĵ⽣âȴĽòı䷽նΪ飬ӭ򺫺غĵ⽣âͬʱӺ࣬һڰ׷߸
һ׷ֱӵ˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǳˣܳȥԶ
ƫͷźغøĮЩ
Ǹ
ҡͷ
Ҳ̾Ϣгɢŵ㵶â
ʱܵһЩΧ߸ˣΪ췽ƽ׷Ǿɱһƶޡ
⡭ôܿģûʶ
ѵ
ôܣܿʶԺʶˣ
ļ¡
Զ·ϣƹ죬оâ˸
ֻС
˾䣬ƹֿʼ͹Ҿơ
׷ߴԶվɫԵЩѿһƬʶǿߣȻһʿնһΣ߷һΣʵЩˡ
λϣһѹѵ
޵ȵ
仰׷ǲҪΪѾһʱͳ˳ȥ
غ̾ϢҲӭ졣
̧ͷ޵˫оĮɱ⡣
ಣ
һˣ漴̧֣һȭ
ʱ䣬һ貵ȭȭ˱ǿ˼㣬ֱ˶ȥ
ȭ
һ
׷ߣͨӭϣһ¡
ֻ͵һʱɨļȭⱻһ顣Ͼ׷ʶǿߣȻȭܿ£ȴвʶǿߡ
Ȼһ̣׷߳죬ȴɫһ䡣
أ
׷һ
ͬʱΧҲǽԱɫӰһ̳׵׵ʧˡ
غǰͻȻ뵽һݣɫٱ䡣˼ͬһʱչʶˣ޵ķ˹ȥ
ﬣ
س֣һն޵ķ
˱ɫ
⡭
ʲô
ô
źؾȻ޵ӽΧ߽Ծ
޵Ҳɫһ䣬ȵϣʲô
˵ţ޵Ҫܿ
ʱ׷߽е£Ҫ㿿˹ȥ
˵ţ׷һ޵
޵ͻȻħʱƺܹݵΣʱȻ
וּһնĽâˣ޵ؿڻն˿Уһ졣󣬼ͬһʱ䣬Ӱ޵ǰԻ˳齣ؿڣõס˺صĽâ

׷߳˹һѹ£񱩵ʮ
һƣ׷ȫ
ԼȭΪ˵עԼƿ޵ԭ밵ն޵ȴ뻹ǵ͹ʶǿߵʶȻһ˲䣬ټͱˡ˿̣齣źصĽ԰׷ǿһڣܿ
죡
Զɽɫұ䡣
ųֶʱקɫԵЩилںޡ
ȺһĻɫȫȻ
ˡ
૵
ƽĶۣطоųϵ˶ϣȥǣһĻ˭ֹܹˣ
ҲʱһЦ
úúãһС
Զƹվ
ȺǸȥʱǰһƹӰϢʧˡһ̣һҽɱİ׷ѪɣƹȴվǰҾơ


189 վϾƹ
޵ѪƮڿУ׷ߺɣ˵ɴ˫ۡ
⡭
ǣǸƹʲôʱȥˣ
죬ĪǸ֣
𾪡
ƹվǰڹƣ漴һĨͣˬ
ֱʱ򣬰׷߲һʮԶһС̯ϣ˼£Ӳûֱܹӻ˹ȥ
춢ƹҲһ
ţȻҲûпƹγǰġ
лǰ
˶٣һ䡣
Σ֪ƹ򣬸ղҲѲƤ
ƹͷļģһվվȵӣĲӣھĵСһ֪˰ɣվѣҪʶʿƤӵɱˣûаʤ㡣
Ĭɨ򺫺غ
齣ɵקĸ˼֡
ȷʵʶǿҪס޵ûжֵĻᡣ
ƹٺһЦһ˲䣬ֻǰҰһΣ˾ǳ˼Զɽߡ
ȾһˣҲ԰ɡ
ƹ
˵⻰ʱƹйơ
ʱ˶ǰһĻסˣˢˢĶסƹ
⡭òǸְ
˵ۡ
غȣͬʱҲ԰ȣһ˵ףǲϣ¡
Сֵܣû°ɣ
Զɽ
û¡
ҡҡͷ
Զɽǳ׷ʱпմƹҲǴžɫ
ƹԹԵĹƣ̾Ϣ
ûˡ
˻ξƺ«ƹЩǳ
Զ޵ƹǰұ׹ڴѹǰҪԺ޾ƣǰʹĺȸ
ƹ̧ͷ޵ƲƲ졣
ȾҲÿˣС͵ľƣʲôζ
ƹ
޵ɫʱЩѿ
ƹɨһԶĽţȴɹĲӣ˵СһɣҲɱˣԼҲɱˡѾһˣҸطģϾҲûָԪԲԡ
ƹŹǷһģ
΢ɨһƹΪӲʶǿߣԪȻǳ£ʱѾҪףʵ˵ڵǼսȥֻԽԽ㡣
ֻЩľƹȻһ۾Ϳ˿̵״̬
̧ͷ޵ɱ⽻֯齣Ľ
жܻлᡣ
ƹ
춢޵һΣʯС
һɱ㣡
޵Ļ˪˶Ĳ
޵ɫѿһƬ࣬һߣŵɫÿĶ֣ڣ켸ѾˣͲܵǰδеĴ

űŵɫˡ
ƹ𳤽Ц
ƷƹϷһݡ
ƹЦ
˵ţֻǰһƹԼԶɽӰ˲ʧ˵ҰУûκ˿˾ƶġ
⡭
ҵ죬⣬ľǿߣ
Щ°
Ĳ
֮ǰ˶ΪƹֻһͨľƹȴǲȵľƹȻǸ˿ֲĴڡ
Ǹ죬ôǿĸ֧ţ
𺳡
һ̣ʳǵֵϣһ˲
޵ɫޱżԶɽνʾڣҪնɱȴû뵽ԭѾ죬Ȼʱ˳һСˣĲˣԶɽҲߣֱǺݺݳһǶ⡣
ϣϣԺǿǳѰ䡣һ䣬֪ͨңʶǿߣ뽫նɱ
޵
غ޵ɫ΢
£αˣ

޵ɫһϣҪˡ
ˣ޵Ļ˵ȻȷʵҶжţҶҲ˵һǵ͹ˡ֮ǲٳֶԸ죬ֻڵԺȻǳԺ⡣
˵ţͺضһۣͬʱת뿪ղųֶԸ죬ѾΣϾûһȫ֮١˲ϺͿҲǶˣˣǾ㲻ƫ̻ҲԲն϶Էǰ·ǻһ
⡭
źغ뿪Χһ
˶޵ǰҡͷ
Ȼû˸Ҷ˵ʲôȻǷֱġ

޵ɫޱˡ

Զһֵϣһˣһ꣬һ꣬һ
ûаĵط
ƹ
ʱƹǹĲӡ
һ˲Զɽ
Զɽ̾Ϣȥɡ
ʱһ޴ĸۡǰǽ
ľڵţΪսԶɽνֵԵʣطû˱ʿءǣɵ˽ȥ

ѩƮԺУѪζ˱Ƕ
ƹǰŶҡ
Ժк˵һ߾ʬ壬׳꣬ˣѾߣ곤ĸˣмСŮ
ԶɽЩһ˲Ե࣬˲ΡΡ
Ͻڰ
˵
Զɽᣬֻǿš
пշСֵܣλȥɣҾ档
Զɽ˵
Ȼ׼Զɽ飬Զ˶٣ǵ˵ͷ
ܿ죬ƹһͷڡ
ʼһͷϥ£תļʼָԪ
ôһ˵õأ
ƹ
һ¡

ƹٺһЦԹһ£ղҿǶˣ˵ʲôңôСһС˱ץˣż
һʱɢ
ɲǼ䣬ⷿڣһľ鿪εĽķѡ
ƹһܾӣ˵˵ѣɢô׺ݵĽ
첻Բˣܾ
Ͳ֪˭
ƹ˵
תļ˵˭
ƹһ㶣漴Ц
Ǹ˼СһҰϾƹС
˵ţƹпʼơ
ϣ㿴ȥϡ
𣿶лҿѾһٶˡ
ƹ
üƹȻЩǴݿȥҲʮӣлһٶĺۼҪ֪Ȼͨ˵࣬ǣܻǻۼߣһٶ꣬ҲԻȸߣӦŶԡ
죬ƹЦЦ
û˸߹ΪﵽվߵԪᷢһδʱ䣬ɴﵽܻĳ̶ȣڴˣ˥ȻҲӺ󡣡
˵ţ˵徹


190 ʮ
ƹϸֳ֮ɫתŵļҲͣ
ƹȻԼôڿС
㡭
Щľ
Լһǵһμ
վշУ㾪Ȱɣ
ƹ
˵ţƹڵϡ
һμѡ
ʵʵ˵
ƹһЦСһʵϡ˵ţƹ죬һھƺֵСһһ£
춢ƹɫôá
š
˵
ƹһ㶣漴ЦôϾƹûˣ
ػ
Сһôı飬ŵòƺܴӡ
ƹ
Ц˵ʲô
ΪǸҵС쵰ɣ
ƹֵ
תļ֪ĵǲ١
ΪţԼһЩ˶Խŵ̬ȣȷʵûʲôøС
Ȼ֪Ȼܶ࣬ڽϣСһȻڼоһͨþƹò˵ҵȤҪ֪һǸʱɲôƹ˵Ǹʱҿʼ͵͵ע㣬Ȼ󣬹ʱñһ£ʵԵְ
ֹ˿ھƣƹŵüһʮѣȻǸ׿ʦܲɱ۷ĽţһδΧ׷½ѣ£ȻǰǷ𾧣ʵľʵǹ
㡭
𺳣µ£ƹȻ֪
һûиоϢڸ
Ҳ˵һֱ͵͵ע㣬ԣ֮£Ҵ඼֪̽ҵϢǺʶʿһߣ͸ᣬ붼롣ƹ˵ҿǷСһµʱ䣬ûоúܸж
ʲôĿģ
ʵ
ƹ㶢˵ֻһʱȤԲš£еĽƲûб¶
ƹʱһ漴ֲɵøЦ
Сһǹ顣˵ţƹս켸֣ǸʲôСһûȤΪʦȥУ
üĿģ
ƹԥĵͷԣ
죬ƹֱ˫֣˫۾һŹ⡣ЩӵĹ۲죬ǰ۴һ˵ǿߣһͬʱп֮һӣԲ
ĬȥУȻԸ⣬Ͼ׵ԺѾûļֵ޷ˡ
ڵǣ
ʵ
ƹһϲһҲûмӣæܹȥĲӡ
ڣĴ֮һ
ƹ˵
Ĳ׽һЩʲôĴţ
ƹأһЦִ첱ƿת档ʱƹıԱһЩСһƬ磬˽٣
ü׹۹š

Ͼƹʵ


ƹҡҡͷһΣͻȻһŰֽһֻëʡ죬ëʣڰֽϣ¶ϣһʮԲָͣ·һԲ硣
ü⡭
˻˻֣ʾ첻Ҫëʣ·Բڴһ㣬С㣬Ǳ׹˼ԲڴһܼС㣺Щ۹ٽţⷽԲڻĸСԲȦжĸСԲĴš
춢ԲбٽһٶСڵ㣬ʵʼԣһСڵű׹СڵҲǵ۹ô˼˵ƬƱ׹ĵ۹һٶ
ƹ΢΢һЦࡣ
üЩȣ֪ȴ׹⣬Ƭ绹۹ڣȴҲûôࡣ
Ƭԣ׹ǵ֮ذˣƬƱ׹ĵ۹ٶ
ƹ
һٶȻô࣡
ƹָ·ԲڵĸСԲȦţƬֻĸֱĹȣԼڷڣ򵥵˵Ĵƽռ䲻쳾ȴƬ㡣
ԭ΢ԵЩ𺳡˶٣ĿͻȻסϷľŸԲô㻭µŸԲʲô˼
ƹͷ˼ʾ͡
֮ǰʹ㣬Ƭ磬˽٣԰ɣ
ƹЦ
ûһ壺Ƭ磿ٵ۹Ĵţ㷽ŲѾ
ƹЦҡҡͷСһҪһС磬˵塣
üͷ΢壺˼ǣ
ϷľŸԲ¶һĨɫ
ƹĵͷЦ¶ˡ˵ţƹָϷľŸԲһʮԲÿһԲһƬ磬¶ϣЩԽԽ嫣ԽԽ󡣡
쾪ȣƹ˵ˡ
ƹëָʮԲ¶ϣһһָȥڣһܽᣬʮԲÿһԲһ򣬶ÿһһƬ硣ʮشһ𣬴ԶŵڣʿǶôƺʮ򣡶ǣھʹµȵĵһ򡣡
˵꣬ƹǲһҾơ
ˬ죡
ƹ˾䡣
ĶʮԲвɵ𺳡
ʮ򡣡

գ˽Ƭ磬ˡ
ڣֻǴʮĵһ
˶٣ƹʵʮÿһһ磬ôδӵһﵽڶδӵڶﵽ򣿡ڵһȻӦνڶ򣬱ϾϾƹʮԲ໥ûͨӡ
ʵúãƹĴָʮÿһ䶼йϵʱŻֻҪ߱㹻ʵͨŻﵽһȥ˵ţƹ¶һѩ׵ݣȻʵǿȥ׼ᱻʱŻɱӶʣ
Ҫʲôʵͨ
ʵ
һ˵߱ʶΪ㹻ˡ
ƹ
һ㣿
¶Ź֮ɫ
СһôĲ׽˻е©һҲɰƹۣ漴ܶǰһ򵽵ڶ֮ǵʱŻЩ⣬ԭʶΪͨǵŻﵽڶ򣬽ϸǿ֮·ɺ֪ô£վǿҲͨˣҾͿһվǿȥֱӱɱƬ
üȻ£
ô˵ƬڵˣԶҲ粻ڶˣ
ʵ
ƹԣڶȵһ嫣ǿҲ˵ϲ·ߵĸԶƬĿ֮·ߵ£ǲܴﵽϲȥʧ
Ҳô˵Ҫ㳬վӦÿ԰ٷ֮ͨ
ƹ


191 ʦ
һԽվվ磿
վ֮򣬵֮򾿾ʲôӣȻҲֻԼµվ硣˿ƹԽվʱϾƹ
Ȼ
ƹ
˵ţ͹һҾơ
Щʲô硣
ʵ
ƹƺϲҲһ;ǰĸ磬壬ʶգЩ㶼֪ĸ֮󣬻󾳽磬ֱͨɾ澳羳־С̨ס
ͨɣ棬硣

ƹ˸վʿÿһ󾳽磬ԪдȵڵĹżмأﵽ羳ˣɻʮꡣ
ʮ꣡
һ
ܻʮꣿʿҲ̫Щ
Ҫ֪ϲǴȻ㲻ĶɣȻʿܹͨһЩ似Լǿ󣬵˵׻ǾƬؼ䣬վ壬һ徹ܻʮôƾõ£δ̫ˡ
ƹЦЦ죬Сһ֪ʿĿʲô
øǿǿ

ô˵Ҳûƹͷ漴ٴζ죬ĵСһұʿĿģֻ֡
һ
ܹ࣬
ƹʼ磬иڴﵽ羳˵ôһ仰죬̮أݣƾʲôҪȻյ㣿ƽ
Ĭһ룬˵κλ
죬̮
أݡ
ȷʵôƾʲôֻȻյ㣿
ʷϣ˴ﵽ
ʵ
ƹҡҡͷǿʿһϣܹ֣֮ϾûԸˣʲôҲûˡں嫵ʱﵽˣһҲûУȫûʱⳤС
˵ƹ̧ͷգ֪Сһʮһֱһ˵Ƶʮ̺֮գֻҪܹʮ򣬱һʱ䳤ӣɾ㲻֮
̧ͷŲ񷣺ʮ򡣡
ˣʮȷȷʵʵڣΪֹûκܿȥ
ƹҡͷ
Ҳ⣬ǵȲΣ񣬻̫Զ
Ų񷣬ͻأ¶貾âʮȷȷʵʵڣȻʮܹɾôһҪȥһһĿǽ֮·ߵյ㣬ڣ֪ˣ·յ㣡
ƹע⵽ı飬СһҰһ¾ͱֳˡ
Ҳ⣬룬ص֮ǰϣ˵һһʱŻЩ⣬ֻгԽվǿ߲ܿȥԽվͨɾƬֹͨɾǿ𣿡
˭֪أǷֹڵ޹أ̫ңԶ
ƹʼ硣
ü𰸣Ȼ⡣
ƹȻ֪ʲôļ򣬵ô࣬˵׼ʱŻʲôʱԼָˣȻһQԾȥˡ
ɨƹһۣö˵ʲô
ʱƹȴ˫ֱ꣬Сһղ̸۵£ôûȤΪʦȥУģڵԴԲЩطȣ֮
ƹ˫۷Ź⣬ôӣɲԸŹ
룬ԡ
ȥУȻ᲻Ը⣬ֲɵ
ģ
ƹһϲ
ġ

̫ˣ
ƹϲ
ЩŹ֣ôоƹԼ˸Ƶġ
룬ʵҪʦ𣿡
𡣡ƹҡͷһ׾ˣԺҲʲôʦ̫ףͽϾƹˣϲƣ֣С
ͷҲϲʦ
˶٣ϾƹôҪҪ͸һ
ĶϾƹ
ϾƹЦЦСһҺһƷ׻ҵĻʹ
춢Ͼƹÿɷ
ˣСһͱˣ˵ˣɱˡȻȥʹٻȫϾƹҡͷ˵ţеĺ«΢΢һ𣬶ʱһƬˮɳԽ̶ָڰУɹͽ죬ȻɱˣҲ͵ﲻǡ
ҲȾơ

ôϻ죬ȥ
Ͼƹ
£ջſ졣
ϾƹͷָһʱϷҾֱӳС
ȥ
Ͼƹ
ܹоڵľƺüȥ˳ź븹Уֻ÷·һѻȼ̹˵ʲôͻȻ䣬ֻоһһɰͻأ
⡭
Ͼƹ¶ɫ
˵ˣΪʦľƻǺֵǮġЩú
Ͼƹ
ͷһתļͻȻӿֳܡܴű˵ȸУȻ滹ҪˣȴܿӦˣϾǰһ𾧣ԪѾ׻֮
ˣ
âתļΪʼھ
ʱ䣬䶼֯һǿĲ
ϾƹһߣŴ˿̵죬˫΢΢š
Сһ֪ʲôĹ̫һˡֹòƱҷڵǿŻҪ֡
ҡҡͷϾƹҲ˵ʲôһߣ커

ʱʳǶˡ
׹ѺͼԶɽνʾڣȴһʮ裬ʶǿߵƤӵ½˼ԶɽһɱҺͶμδļ̳ˣʹûͬʱҲʳǶ󾪡

ʳУ˶¡
һգʳǸԾҲû뵽һʮ꣬Ȼ£ǹȻȨ˵׵۹Ϊа
۱
ҵ˸âжεѪһˡ
˾ԱߣǼǵǣǽ̫˧ˣ֪컹ţ˿Ǹ˵ĲУûþ쵱޵˼Զɽɱ޵תֵĵĲС
ҵɨԱߵһۣҡҡͷ˿еġ򡱳ƺҲ˵ʲôǾãĺһǶ˵һ¡Ȼȵܹⳡ粨л
ңôǣ

һ죬ʳУҡ

֮
ͩ壬ӾȻɱˡʱĲʬ֮˫ͨ죬鲼Ѫ˿
ϢƣС˽
Աһ˵
ֲ֮ɱ⣬üдﵽ׼ΣһҪɱϧһдۣ


192 һ꣬һ
֮ŭˣȺɱһΣҲܡ
һҪɱ
ʬ壬֮˫Ŀͨ졣
ǣ
ʱԱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬μͬһŭ֮μ֮ޣɱأҪ֪ĲǷưǶμҵҫ
ټǿߣɱ
μ֮
ʱμȥʼټǿߡ
һ죬׹ǿ޾ŭ𣬶ĺȼյ˶壬޲졣ʱȴʼղһʼȶ췢ѣ죬ɱ죬˲˽յĽ֡

ڣϥȫתļڵơ
ƺңȻȣչ֮ԪѾ׻֮ƣȻǿĿԣܿɵƿǡʱǣеܣڵھϣϸϸ
ˣ
â漴ǿʢ
ħǷʱѾھһ룬˿̣Ͼƹͳ֮£ǹܱǣھϣǣھĺΣʹúεľ͵Ѩʼһ
һѡ࣬ѡĺܺãڣ
Ͼƹ
ϾƹΪȻһ۱㿴ڹһ
ȻȴҲܹϾƹңԼһҪԣǽٶȷŵøһЩÿһÿһѨʹĹɵĽš
ˣ
ģ⣬âԽԽ財
Լȥһʱһڳʱⷿڵһ쫷硣
죬Ͼƹ˵ͷȻ⡣
ֹȥʮ˫ۣһվ˫ȭֻоʵøǿˣ·Ѫ֮
Ԫ˵ھʶʿ
Ͼƹ
սҲ

Ͼƹһ֣Сһﻹţ֪ʶǿ޳ʶʶȻԪǶܱȵʶǿߣʵսȴв


Ͼƹһ㶣Цˣ㻹Ǹʦ˶٣Ͼƹ֮ǰǰ׷ϼһǵһʱİɣ
ͷϡ
ʦһһµĴС
Ͼƹ
Ժ⣬ԶɽһʯϣԵøӳĺ
˶٣˳ȥ
Ͻڰһ޵
Զɽǰ
Զɽȥ۽ǵᣬĻʱһСֵܣҪʲô
ƫͷʹķк⽻֯
ڻʹҪȥ

Զɽһ򲻿³ç»ôӳ飡ΨһŮԶɽȻļ٣ɼԶɽҲ֪жô£һ˵ʵοʹȥѰ·
Ҳ̫á

˵ţŽȥ
죬ȥģ
Զɽ󼱡
󣬼Զɽ⣬漴ͼͣԶɽ˵Щʲô˳۹ȥȴǼʮǿ߳Ƭ˹ɢϢȻУ˾Ȼ١
ңμңǡ
Զɽɫ΢䡣
˳ԶɽȻ֪Ϊʲô
Сãһնǣ
ǿߺȵ
һ۷ǿߣҵֱϵǿߡ
÷ϻϣ
μ˺ȵ
ҺͶμҳ嵽ʿаʮˣǿߣԣ֪ܴ˶Ĳ壬ЩȴҲη塣һǺǿôʮʿȻʶǿˣҲһüͷ
ǣ
ԶɽŭͬʱҲܽ
Ǻǿͬʱôǿߣʤж٣
Ͻȥɡ
챳żԶɽ
˵ţŽȥ·ǰʲôҲûС
ɱ
ͷ˺ȵ
ʱҺͶμҵһǿȫɱ졣
ޱ飬ֻһǰȥ
ﬣ
ХͻأѪ
һߣʮ׽ϯȥ˲ʮ˵ءǰıû˿仯Ҳûаͣ٣Ψгٴ𶯡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
â貣׽֯ΪģԲڵʿȫն
ֻɲǼ䣬ʮʿ
㡭
ҵͷɫ䣬¶־֮ɫ
ģɶǼľӢǿߣȴôһȻһ˲ͱնɱʮˡ
ޱ飬ƺûпˣƽĳǰȥ
וּһһܼ׽齣ɢ
ҽ𣬳ȥҺͶμǿߣһȫֲĽâᴩסȽ⡣ֻתۼѣ嵽İʮʿնɱ˴룬ֻʮ˻վţһ־ɪɪ
ʱȴֻǿʮiѡ
ˣ
μǿ߽е
ǸصߣҲû뵽սֲ
˵ţ˵һˣԶߡ
ĲȻƽ죬гһ
ﬣ
һΣнٵâһţϯʮ
ڣﵽ죬սٴǿԺʶǿһ£ЩͨʿܹǶ֣һ̣ҺͶμҳ嵽ǿ߶ԣһԵѣԼ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫâ䣬ͬոһʿز
תۼ䣬ⱻѪˮȾ죬ҺͶμ˵İʮˣΨжμҵǸǿ߻ʶȴҲǵ˵ϡ죬һ־壬ѹѪĸҰ㳯Զȥ
ۣ
һֱն˵ͷ­
Ĳʼûʲô仯մȾŵѪ죬齣𣬼ǰȥܿʧԶ
ԶɽڽǰһĻ𺳵һҲ˵սɳʮأʲôĳ治ȴûмѹԵսֻǿȥʮѣʮʿһУһüͷܹһι
٣
Ͼƹ뿪ķ򣬴ڹơ

뿪Żʳǽֵʦǰֱ˽ȥ

ģŮЩ¡
ʦŲˣ󣬶ǺȻ
⡭
ʶ˳ȥԶ
첢Щ˵ķӦֱʦԺ
Уûκ˸ǰ
߽Ժѭһȥʱӭǿʦĸ᳤ط磬ǽϺϡˣͣطҲͣн֮˸
Ƭ̺طСֵܣ˵
ͷطȥһڡ
죬طʵСֵܣʲôҪ
ʳзʲô£ط˺ԭΪʳǿʦĿ䣬ʱӦõӻǣһз̫죬ǵõϢʱѾ˿̣ţһմȾŵѪȣȻΪֻǴţ̡
Ҵʹ塣
쿪żɽ
ܹоط˵ʵʶ硣
ط˶ݣüͷΪ䣬һ̶ϣǿԸӻ˿̵Ļȴ˺ΪѡҪ֪ʦȻ޾۹ǰŴʹ壬ӰȴҲǻǳľ޴
ɱˣҵסһЩʶǿ߾У³ɺҸǼƺͼƵԭΡ

طɫ΢䣬ƺͼƷǳЩʦԣνǼֵջ
໥һۣ˼
úط̧ͷ죬ãǰ㣡
ʦһޱأ൱Ǳ¶ڳеӴţˣط˶ڵ۹ҺһЩ岢ô⣬ԼƺͼԭΪǰæټ֮乫ݣûвɡ
ճʱʹ

䣬κֱͣ߳ᡣ
뿪ıӰطƣһѪж˵ţطϺϣϽ׼£᳤ƺڽҹϻء
뿪ʦʱɫѾװΨе¹أΪʳԡһɫĹԡûлؽǵ֪ˮ֮ˮǻʳгȴʹߵĸ¥վˮڶ˶ɫ֮УܹĿʹ
ʱһСӣСӣĿնһҳ´ټҲԼ⣬ҵģǰͷϡҲڣǸһһо̫ɵˣ̫ˡ
˫ۣ˶·ҹɫУΨд̹Ǻ⽻֯ߡ

ҹɢȥδʱʳǽֵѾˡ
Щˣʹǰͥĵ۹ʿ磬ڴŹǷЩ˲Ÿո˯ѲãҹʿϾͨʹĴţʮʱﶼҪء
˹ˣ
һʿǰ۾
ʹǰֵϣһ꣬һн


193 ´ͥ
ǰļʿǰӰԽԽ˽ɫ΢
󵨣ҳֱ͢ţֹ
һ˺ȵ
һϮгڳʱζɭɭâǰ
꣬Ȼ졣
ֹ£
ʱбʿųìǰì漫Ϊ
û˿ֻ˫һ˵⣬ǿǰıʿδܴ̳ìǱɿµŵŵŵĳȥ
㡭
죬ʿɫһף漴ֺݺһҧųìݺѹ¡
וּһХ𣬲ʲôǰıʿȴֱӵء
ֱʱͥűߣʿʳѪ
ҶԵ۹ʿӶ
ȫϣ͵ظɱ
ͥǰʮأʱȴΪ׵һǿ⣬ȫȥʮ˳ìڿлһɭ⡣
ﬣ
ըĲ˿䣬ǰıʿȴȫɣΨѪâڿУޣĿ
ʱɫЩʣʳǽֵϵ˲࣬ȴһЩһĻЩ˽ɫ䣬ҲţȻ˸ڻͥǰȻնɱͥıʿѵҪ췴
ޱ飬ɱʮʿԣû˿о
ĲɣһŻͥȥ

ͥͳŭȣһȥ
ֻǣӭӴ˵һ佣⣬˲նĺ
һͳ쵹ڵϣ˫ԲĿ
ޱ飬ԽͥǰⷽŸɣԾԻƼľɣľƣʱΪʱ仹磬ͥŲδ
齣ϯ



ż죬ߴĻͥķѣȻ̮
̳Ĵţֱʹ֮ڡ
찡⡭
ʹҪ췴
Ŀ
ʹڲͤ¥ر԰שܸһͨ˴Ŀȥǰǻֺ룬ȻʹҲǺȺĴڣһ۾עӵǻͥġ׵
̧ͷס׵һ˹ȥ
ʱʹڣһʿ׵ײǵ졣˴ͥڲѾػʹıʿǵע⣬һ̣ܼıʿӻʹĸ·ڳǳֳìƳǹһɱϢʱɢ
תۼ䣬챻Χ
øӣ£еֵɱ
˺ȵ
һ׳Ϊͥ󽫣۷塣
ıʿǸɫ䣬õͥ󽫵ˢˢĶ
ǻʹڲЩʿȻǿߣң߰ˡ
ɱ
һɱ𣬶ʱɱϢԵøŨ
ޱ飬齣ƽǰ
וּһ쫷𣬳ܺɨȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǰʮǿ˲ڷֱͦͦĵѪС
һű׵ȥ׽齣ɢ
ﬣ
Х̵˶Ĥۣÿһӣܻ˱ն¡
Щͥʿ첻˵һ֣ῪЩ˿ҪΪ֪ⲻܡЩʿǣŻҵٺ»˭˭ǣ˭˭ֻеҰ£
ôѪϴʹ
ﬣ
׽ŭһնɵ˻ֻһۿɼĺۼǰȥʱǰһȺʿնѪգʮѣĵȥʹ档
ͥɫһ䣬ѹϡ
˿
䣬貵Ԫ֮⣬һ޴ĸӰû
ϵ似ɽ

󽫺ȵ
ޱ飬̧֣һն
͵һ󽫻ûĸӰ˲ѣǻɢ
㡭
󽫶ݣ˫ָ߾٣˲Ϣ
췴֣ٴնһ
֮д׻֮˲ϢһѪۡ
ͫԲŸ߾ٸͷĶȴһǰ͸ѪѪˮֱԱ߹һ¡
󽫣
˾
ٴ죬˱ʿʼˡ
۷Ļͥ󽫣Ȼһ˲ͱնˣ
ʱһǰٱʿǿʼˡ
ӣ֪ͨ󽫣
˺ȵ
ʱ뿪ʹڳȥ
ԴûκηӦĿֻǶű׵һǰȥ
Ҫ£˶࣬һ
ϣ
ͥڣⱣһɱ
м˺ȵ
ﻹвٱʿʱЩʿʼ
ŵһЩʿ־壬ȴǳȥ
ɫĮгն
ﬣ
׽صһƬƬѪâһҽС
һ̣ڻͥڣֳֳոʱ򣬵еǰˣгֵˣһ⣬ȫ˺ѡ
ˣ
һصþò
һ˲䣬ʹڣ˶ѣΪдд롣

״ڣ޵ͽվһСʲôŵ󣬽ɫһ
£˴˻ʹ
һ
޵ɫһ˭
졣
˵
޵Ȼ²⣬ʱȴǱɫࡣ
޵ƿţվһ׷ߣͨƵˡ

޵ɫ
ŵԶǸ
޵һ䣬Զ
еıԱߡ
׷Ŀ䣬ȥգʳǽֵϣΣǱϾƹ裬ǱһɺȻͷϡ
״ǰһƬƽҲ԰שɣʮɶ뱱״аɶԶʱһ·ӻͥɱ֮Ϻ˵ĵһ߾ʬ壬ѪˮȾ˵ر

ҽлصڿУʹڵıʿһһߺˣʱʱ˱ն
۷Ĵ󽫸ϵ죬ȴ
ģ
ŭô˺һ𣬾һʮꡣ
ʱ޵˸ϵ
ǰһĻ޵ɫޱࡣ
죬ôĵӣ
޵Ա׹ʼδ˸㴳ͥȻʶǿҲûȴΪһɱ˻ʹڣնɱһ͢ʿֱǳڳ׻ҵ
޵ڽıʿǶͣ
̧ͷ齣ֱָ޵ӱˣң
ҶԱ񣡡
һͥ󽫺ȵ
н֯ŷɱ⣬һ׽ϯȥ
۵һڵĻͥ󽫵նͷ­
һĻĲٱʿԵÿ־塣
ʶİ׷߶죬΢䣺ﵽˣ


194 
׷ʶǿߣȻܹоΪңϵϢҲռǿ˲٣ʹô˵ɫúǾƹ㣿
뵽ƹ׷ߵɫø
쿴׷һֱֱۣĶ޵
ң
ܱ䡣
׷ɫһʿȻ
޵Ŀ⵭Įôͥ㻹ʸ̸
춢޵ٶ˵ʲôΨһɴ̹ɱһǰȥ

ֹ
˺ȵ
ܼıʿֽ׵ȻԴС
ʱ䣬һѷ˳ȥ졣
Դˣûаֻֻ̧֣ӽ
ﬣ
âըһ꣬ϯȥ
ȿ񱩵ĽһЩͨʿֵܹסһһѪС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һԵޱȴÿһ˲¡
˿
޵ȵ
޵ڵıʿȻЩɻȴΥȫȥʵʱ˿̣ЩʿͲúˣʵڱĿֲսŵˡ
޵죺Ϊұ׻ʹôô
첻Բֻгâһ޵ȥ
޵ɫͬ׷ǰǱ׹ĵ׹ȴ˿УһĻĻȫ˿ú䡣
ߣ
һ޵ĳһ񣬿ʼԪ
ʱ䣬ϸֳһƣһɿϢܳ
ͣ½ŲʱһӰǿޣоǿߣгεĽ⣬һ̣ΪģԲʮڵĿռȫһɱϢУңΧƺĳǿˡ
ɱ󣿡
׷΢΢һ
޵ɫ䵭úʵɱ׿ʦӡ¡
ô
ޱ顣
ߴ𣬽â϶볯˹ȥԴˣıȴûһ仯гһ𣬶ʱ䣬еĻӰȫ飬ĩ
Ⲣûнһ̣۶
ûãУʶǿҲԻȥ
޵鵭Į
һ˻һĿܼĽâͣն¡֮УһЩ֪ʶĻӰһЩǾ߱ʵɱǳĿ¡
Уܿһ⣬նһӰ
ʱԶиĳ˹塣
֣ˡһοɺã뽫ɱȥ
弱
õȻֻһɱ˻ʹɫ֪ʹſµɱ󣬻мǿţһʿҴȻһʶǿߴڣҲǾһ
޵Įɨ壬ȥ
֣ˣ͵㣡
˵
Ϊӣ弸ûʲôѣѣϣ
ɨ壺
һӣһɽӽгѹȥ
ʱ£Ҳ۷ѣܹסŵĿ½ʱһɣһѪˮ˳
Żӣ
Զһ͸塣
޵һۣĿϣڽŶ嶯֣û˿Ӧ˵ףȻǻӣȴͬĸֵܣ鲢޵û˿λܺͽȡ
ɱڣ죬һڳɱΧܡ
ⷽɱУ̧ͷĿƹ޵ڽϡ
Ժұؽ֣һؽն顣

Ŷ죬ʱø
޵ҡͷûκλᡣ
˵ţΧܵӰâøӿ£˽Ĳ
̧˿˿Ƶɫ⻪֯
Ϊֶסҡ
Ķ޵
Ļ£ǿʢԴɢһ̣һתǿʢȻһЩͨʿܹоȫݡ
㣿
޵ɫ
Ϊ׹̫ӣưڶ޵Ȼ֪ʲôڿʦңǿһЩĽ׿ʦҲԶԶ֮ϡ
ɫ䵭ָᵯһâ
ʱ䣬Χŵ׵ƿʼŤɱ󵱳ûʱȥ£Ŀˮ׼ѾﵽĽײΣƾĽ׿ˮ׼һǿޱȵԶݵⷽɱߡ
һʮƾɱϢȫʧ
һ齣âϯǰ

׷ߣһĽֱѹ˹ȥʱ䣬һӰӰ׷г֮ѹ졣
̧ͷһƬĮ
һ̣һӰֱ̧㳯Ű׷ߺȥ
̼䣬Ӱ飬׷ǰһ֣߳ȵס˰׷ߡ
ʲôˣ
׷ߺȵֱǰ֮ˡ
ϣ
޵ȴǶݡ
ʳǿʦĳϣĽ׿ʦη޵Ȼ֪
ηס׷ߣ죬㲻ܶ
׷ĿһԵЩ
޵ɫԵòÿŽηϣôʹı֮նΪǺ⣿
ʹ
η
޵ʱɫһû뵽ηȻˣұ׻ʦˮˮΪͲ¹᳤㣿
ηһЦҵ£Ͳ͵ˡ
ʵ˵޵ηǳ˳ۡ
ηδ̫ұ׻ҷˣ
һ
׵ڣӰͻأ߳һһһη
˴˱˴ˡһӰһƽηӰ˿ȥҿʦĿ䣬㱱׹ոռλҹǰ֣ҿʦ۸𣡡
һϮۣǻʳǿʦ᳤ϣĽ׿ʦȷ
ȷҲˣʦǺ⣡ұ׻ΪУ
ȷɨ˳
Ϊ㱱׻Һ˲𣿡
ȷ鵭Į
ӱ׵ڿӰϽֱۣΪʯƽ壬Ǳ׹֮ˣȫʶ硣ʱվȷ棬ʯƽ޵ǰԶ
棬棬棡
޵
վ޵ߣɫ΢ܿͻָ
ʯǰŽηȷĮȻ۳ΪΣյ㴳ұ׻ʹֻҲ
˵ţʯһԪâ۶
𣬼Ρ
һ
Ϣ䣬ǶһӰ
ʯŲһ٣ɫʱط磡


195 ʶ
ʳǿʦᣬ᳤ط磬ʯȻʶȴû뵽ط綼˻ʹңηͬվһߡ
ǿʦ᾿ʲô˼
ʯ
ҿʦĿѡ
ط
ط磬ηƷȫվǰ
һĻ޵ɫʱúܲÿҲû뵽Ȼܽλ
֣
ԶЩȣȻҲϵһĻ
ʯط磬ΪһСʿҪһΪУ
ط絭ĮһЦСʿʮ۷ʿʮĽ׿ʦΪɱͥСʿ˵ţطɨһ޵㱱׻ռλͶսɳʮصҳ֣㲻ãеСʿܿɰ
طĻ޵ɫʱһƬ࣬ȴֻȭͷ
ʯ治ɫȻѾ֪޵Ϊ
ʯԶɽ£޵ĲԣºҵȻĳͷ˵ţʯ죺Ǿ仰ΣôʹǷ˴ɣΨһл֮
Ǿû̸ˡ
ط絭Ц
ʯ˵ı鶼ǳǵҪһΪУ
Ϊ㱱׻Һ˲ҿʦһ¹˭
ط
ʯ˵ı鳹ٶ˵ϻ
ֵ¼£
ʯ
˵ţʯŲһֱȡ졣
طһ̧ĳһ쫷磬ʯ£Ҫ˶֣
䣬طһǿš
ƽǳ죬ȴǱηƷһʱ䣬ʶǿͬʱսһ𣬵һ˵Ԫ硣
ͻȻڵϺݺһ̤ʱһӰ޵ͽŵķȥгֱ
ߣ
һӰǰ׷߳ǰһ

̹Ǻ⣬һն
וּһâ˸һ׷ߡ
׷߻Ӷͨƣһ޴Ӱӡ£׽âײһ
ǿǿӲӲʱ鿪
ͣ½ŲŰ׷ߣһɺ֮ˡ
ӭ񣬰׷߾ûɵĲ£漴ҪΪ˳Σҵֹһ㣬Ψһ
̧齣â˸׻𽣹⽻֮֯Ƶһ
ﬣ
Ųһ٣˲Ϣһն׷ߡ
׷һӭеĳײһ



һͬײƵڿ֮С
׷䣬ӰͻأһһӰѱʵ
ƵӰ
޵΢
ƵӰʶ似Ʒʶԣʶ֮ҲǿƵһߵٶȱü죬ͬʱܼĻӰԻˣǳѲ
طʯսɨǱߡ
һʿʶǿ߱ͲУƵӰΨһˡ
ʯ
ط絭һЦˣˣһǿʦ
ԣʯüͷһ塣
ʱߣܼĻӰһٵѰ˸ֲ˭˭٣ֻǣЩӰ֮Уıȴޱȵƽվԭأͻأ̧֣һն
ۣ
Ѫ⽦䣬ܼĻӰʧһӰ˳ȥ
ӰȻǰ׷ߡ
ʯ˽ԱɫչƵӰİ׷ߣȻնˣ
˵ˣһǿʦ
ط絭Į
˵ţطһʯ
ʯɫӭطٴվһ
׷ߺɣǱסӰŵĶ졣˿̣ؿһĽۣѪˮͣ
ôܷҵ
׷ߺȵ
ƫͷ޵ͽţǰ˹ȥ׷ߡ
׷ɫһһٴǰһ¡
һƣ֮ǰκһζҪ¡
ק齣ޱɭ׽Ȼ
ﬣ
񱩽Х̵˶Ĥۣ׽һ׻ķ籩ϯǰ
׷ߣһƻӳһ˶Ӱ۳Ρͬһʱ䣬׷ߵüĴ·Ժʲôһ㣬֮󣬰׷ߵĹʱÿһһʽԷǻȻɣмܡ
һ̤ڵ棬رʱѿ
ѣҲʶʿ⣡
׷
һһѹ¡
ն׽⣬Ǻһ׷ߵĹ𿪡
ˣ
׷߻֣¡
ὣأһٴγȥ
׷Цĸ䣬üĵĹâ財
ǡ
ʶʶĹâ
ʶǿߣٳʶʶչ󣬼ң
Ǹ죬Ѿûзˣ
Ȼʶǿ£ʿôܿˣţλǰֻǲȫѣҲʹʵ
ˣ
бʿ¶ݺ֮ɫ
ǰһ·ӻͥɱһܵ۷ĴҲһ֮Ǵ˿̣԰׷ߣȴһˣЩʿ˷

׷ѹ¡
ͬʱ׷չƵӰʶƵˡ
ޱ飬һˣˡ
׷ĮͦܿҾͿ֧Ŷá˵ţüĴâøǿңӳҲǱõĿ𵴡
飡
飡
飡
׷һƻӳĿƵˡ
ʱǿ񱩵
ƣ
׷ߺȵ
һ׷ߺͨڼΪǿһУ˲һɱ
ˡ
ʱ쿪ڣ䵭
̧𣬼ڼ䲻ݷ֮䣬ܼĻӰУһס׷ߺֵ󣬽εĿġ
㡭
׷߶ʱɫôҲ벻Ȼһ
ﬣ
̶Ľ齣ն
۵һѪˮ
׷ֻоֱһ漴һ̱ҽ֣ն
⡭
ôܣ
ղŻ
ȫɫ
ʱʯҲǶݡ
ط絭ΪĽˮ׼Ŀʦ׿ʦӡµɱߣΪͨʶܸţ
ʯ˵ɫʱøѿ죬ɱҲء

׷ŭһֱ۾㱻ն£Ȼϵһ֣
һ׷߻ֻӶͨƣٴѹ졣
ɭȻϢҲǿʼ׽âƵȻһն¡
һһײһ𣬿񱩵塣
Ҳʱ̧֣ճȭʱ䣬һɸӿ񱩵Ϣȭ˺Ƶ·һĻɽͬһͷֽȭͷѣǿֲԪط˾Զݡ
䣡
һ̣һȭȭ쵽£˲׷ؿڡ


196 
ѪˮڿУ׷ߺɣؿڶһȭͷСѪǰ͸
۵һ׷ߴѪؿڶѪˮȾˣһȥĿģ
⡭
˶סˣ˫ĿԲ
齣ɫĮһǰ
طԣĽ׿ʦϵ깦һֻʶڵİ׷ߵʶ첻κš
׷һźˡ
ﬣ
Х̶̧֣һն
۵һ׷ߵ۷

׷߲ҽУ˼һ
̶Ƭ̣˫۾ȫж£
Ĳûа仯һı䣬ٴ齣
סס֣ҡ
ۣ
һ˲ն°׷ߵͷ­
һĻ˽Աɫ
ôܣ
ǿʶǿ߰Ȼ
⡭
һʿļ¡
طͽηɨ죬Ŀ¶âСһ
ȻҲû뵽սȻǿ˳̶ȡ
ʯ˵ɫȻǱúܲÿ׷Ǳ׻ҵһ䣬ȻһʿնˣʵǼܶ˵£
ޱ飬·ʲôҲƹ׷ߵʬ壬޵
ӭ⣬޵΢΢һͬҲǶݡ
ݣ
лͥ󽫺ȵ
ʱһʿȫ˹˺ǰ
ɱ
ʿǴ𣬾ܺ£ȴǳȥȨ飬ݲǲ塣
ЩˣıЩ
ҹ
׽֯һ񱩵Ľ磬ͬɨҶ㵴ܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ĽƣȻһЩͨ۷ǿҲԵֵοһЩͨıʿʱ䣬ʮʿѪУ񱩵׽â
һ̣·һһâһ޼᲻ݵɱ£ûκܹ¡ȥܼĽⲻͣܣһʿϵ£ѪˮȾ˻ͥر
գⷽͥעѪˮȾ졣
ط̾
ʯ˵ıѿԱ׻ͥʼ£
ϣ
ŭҪ졣
ϧηȴһƽ֮˻ʲôҪ̻ĳФˣ͵ø۵ľ򡣡
㣡
ŭ
㱱׻ǰΪעһ
ηĮ
񱩵ĽâϯɲǼ䣬ɱһѪ·
޵
ŭȣȻһն
һ񱩵׽һɿǣƲɵ
޵һȻҲһȻնǰȻն׽ʵ̫ԵˣȻ޵Ǻ˳ȥһײڱ״һϣ³һھѪ
űɫһ졣
Һ꽣Ѿƿ˾ųɣһǼΪֲ

֣һ
ɨĽâ飬񱩵׽âһ֮ɡ
Ų̋׶ϣϵĺǿ㣬ɱ·Ҫ˺鿪Ƭ񷡣
תۼ䣬״ǰ
ģ
޵гɫ
㡭
ﬣ
һɨ޵ɣѪ
㣬ģ

Сϵһ֣ʳǵĵΣɫ÷·һͷӵ߳ޡ
£
бʿ
ͷҲأһܼâˮ㽦
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǰĻͥʿһ£Ѫˮ˳Ų̋ʡ
޵ɫ΢ףųվǾ⡣
죬̫ǿˣ
ɫЩ֮׻֮˶У񱩵Ԫһ쫷磬ͷڷ趯
޵һ˹ȥ
ɱ⣬캧˰ѹ޵
̫ˣұ׻ʹ˻ҡ
һ
޵ǰͻأһӰַԲԣһִĺ֮С
Ӱһ˽Զݡ
һ̣˶оһɿµϢӰǿľˡ
ڣ
޵ϲٲǵѪ
ԶطЦɳɣϼһȻţҪһʮ˰ɣ
ʱͻƣʶﵽʶ죬ͿҪԪȻӣߣΪұ׻ܹͳ챱׹ʱʲôдڣ˿ɺұ׻ң
ʯ
ط絭ĮһЦ˵ʲô
޵ǰɳ壬·һ̾ͻ̤ײģǣȴɢһֲĲ죬ɳŲǰ˹ȥ
Ǿţϧˡ
ɳҡͷʶصоǿ
˵ţɳɲƽĿȴǱ䵭һ졣Ȼһ̣ϢĶһӰʹɳͣ½ŲֱֱĶͻأֵӰǺˣ
׻ߵһǷѾᷳͳ챱׹
˵
ƫͷվһط͵ߣɢϢ˿ɳɲҪǣڴϸоһɼΪǿعҲײΣʱʹȻ˵ݡ
ɳɫһ⻰Ǻ⣿
̾ԶɽΪ㱱׹Ϲᣬսɳʮ꣬Ůȫɳɵͷȴ㱱ϸı췴ͷΣ±ɱΨһŮڻʹ㱱׻ΪͲгĺ
˵
ɳüͷһ壬£Ѿ֪ԺԻϳ㹻ĳⰲԶɽԱұ׻ҵǸ⡣˵ţɳ죬̬ʯһ㣺ֵĻͥð봦ն
ն
˵Į
˵ţߵǰʶ۷弶Ԫʱɢ
ͬʱɿµԪУһ
ɳɶˣƬ̺ݣǡĲײΡ˵ɳطͽηˣɫĸʳĿʦĻ᳤ʦս𣡡
ɳ⻰һʱ˺ʿԱɫ
ʳǿʦἫΪǿ󣬿ɻ᳤ȴδǰ˿̣ɳɵ˵ݣʱô󲿷˶ļ¡ʳǿʦĻ᳤ݿЩˣ׹
˲ɳɵĻˣһʳǿʦĿ䣬ҿʦһľţ㱱׻ҶǿϢɢ˶ɳɣ鵭ĮڸλҪֵǷǣ㱱У˴򵽻ʹǾȡ붨
ɳɫ֪η
ʱ춯ˣ׽ɨֱɱ޵

ɳɫһ̧ץ졣
գҿʦһŰ㱱׻ҽФˣм
ʦ᳤һ㽫ɳ
ͬʱĽâ̹ǣƿɳɣֱն޵


197 
貽âɨҪռ䶼նϣֱĻ޵
ϣ
ɳŭȣ졣
޵Ǳ׻ôΪɫĺˣ
ʲôͬΪأôҺˣ
ʦ᳤
ĳһƣԪдɳεǣߡ
£
лͥ󽫺ȵ
ܣܼıʿ˹һǽǰ
Щʿǹì𣬴졣
ҹ
ȵ
齣һ׽ϯʮ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫâ״ǰر˲䵹ʮʬ壬Ѫˮסʡ

ʯ˼һĻɫѿ
׻ͥʼڣһһ£Ȼһʿɱ˱״ǰѪˮȾ˱״ǰĵ棬Ǻεȴܣ
ﬣ
ХصҽҲǲһʿȺն
ɱһѪ·һ޵齣ն¡
޵⣬ֻһ޵˵ɣĿ񱩴ˣһײڲԶһϡ

ط̡
ʯ˸ɫѿκΣ˶ͬǿ߸ǣţ޷ȥ
һ޵ɫޱģ
齣â̹ǣ֯һɱ֮⣬ǿĺˡ
ﬣ
һߣһŴ߶𽯼ҵĺ꽣ݰѹ죬һ˲䱬ϢǷǳ£ط˽Ŀ¼â
ܱſУȻмֵ̡
η
һȴǳǿĽƣ˫ֳ齣һն¡
һŵĺ꽣ⱻһն顣

˲ϢһڽŸ
һĦŵɶԶѪˮֱð
ҿʦŸʤһ
ȷЦ
ʱõɳȥĽһޱȶ
ŭһվϵϢٴαǣ˿Ҳ֮ǰʶİ׷߲űԱһնĽ֮⡣
Ҳͬǿ
˱øӿ񱩡ΰУжĺνǿҵľˣû죬ʼձǻʳͬһˣͬ㣬˳ͬ˱ǿʣ
䣡
ϯ£ÿñ
޵ȥŽٴжʱֳһɺ֮⡣һ̣ת齣ʩչǚiն׽Ƶ꽣âͬʱһαڽߣһƳ
žһŵհһƣתŵɳȥڿнһѪâ絶ŲһΣٴοǰһƳ
ž
Ķ⴫𣬽ٴκɡ
粽ϣ̧һţݺڽͷ­ϡ
һνЩֱĽ϶Ѫ
һĻ󲿷˶סˣδļ̳ˣͬһǿߣưһſеţ⻷ĽţȻһң
ס֣
ȵ
ηһЦһĳǱ׻ңһĿѿ
㡭
ɫһŭӭ
齣ɨһԶ壬һš
˵ضһؽն֣
˶
޵飬ȻҪȴǺܸмǸʱǵ£ȻĽѡʱֳ壬ȻᱣֳĬۻۣһ硣
ݣ
ﬣ
齣â̹ǣ𳤽һն
ɫ䣬ҼԱǰ

Ľâ̫ǿ󣬽ȻȴǱһˡ
וּһһϮȥ
Ŵæ俹⣬ʱٴκɡ
ʱڿǰ齣˸ɭɭ⣬նŵ
ɫ䣬ҳȥȴôҲ˲ɽƷΧ
ߣ
ͻȻһԲ¡
ֻоһɼ˵⸲ԼϣɫĴ䣬񷡣
ͬʱҲ̧ͷֻʮɸߵİУһꡣ
Ȼն
ǣ
˽ԱɫɳɺͿʦ᳤Ҳ⡣
նǣǡվǿߣ
һʿ󾪡
һߣǴϲǰ
˵Ļ˶һ
ǵнŵǸˣŵǿߣ
૵
̧ͷ꣬ʱоһ⡣һ̣û˿ԥֱӳȥ
ߣ
ĵһӣһ⾶ֱ졣
ɫͱ䣬⿴ѰȴǷе·޿ɱܡ
ﬣ
𣬻ͥ⣬һƬ͵һնӵĵ
ˣͦͰΪ۸ͽܣֺӱȻȻ
ͥ⣬һƹգһ
Ѱȥһ
һնеˣһվǿߣ

޵ɫΪѿƹȻʶڻʳǽֵϴˡ޵µƹǿȴû뵽ԷȻվ磬Ǵ˵еĴڣҪǣ˾Ȼӣ
ϣϾƹ϶Ҳͽ
ղͽƨ£
Ͼƹֱӱֿڡ
˵ţϾƹƺ«ſоһ͹ࡣ
˶һĻһһ㶵ģ˵еǿߣôУ
ɨۿеϾƹʱٴζһ㳯Žſȥ
ﬣ
齣֮⽻֯նĿ˻
ӲС
һ䣬̧ץ졣
ʱһȴһâɨ֮ɶԶ
ϾƹЦϾƹͽܣԸ񣡡
ţһ貽âȻ
㡭
飡
Ÿո³һ֣ʱ㱻âɨˣһѪˮ

У⣬̧ץ졣
׵ģҪ㣡
Ͼƹӭϡ
וּһϾƹ޽ȴԪ۳һɶĽâһֱǳŻѹ˹ȥ
ɫһ
âԶһƬ¥ͤʱնһֱɵĴӣԭλڵرϵĸ¥̨ͤһ˲ͱâʵķѡ
һĻʱһǿ뵹
ֲ
ʱɳɺʯ˵ɫ÷ǳѿôҲû뵽Ȼг˵еվǿߣУһ˾Ȼʦ
ûκηӦһţһն
ۣ
Ѫ𣬽˵ɣԵֵ
飡
̧һţڽؿڣֱ߷ɶԶ
ϾƹЦ׵ģûӵͽѹ㿴еνţ
ɫһʱúܲÿ
ͥڣ˿̣˶ֱͣĶͽŵķϵı鶼ǺܾʡǸ򣬽Ŵ˿̿νǷң鵽ߵϲʱǶһѪۡ
飡
һ촫һΣٴκɡ
Ŀɭһȥ齣ֱָŵֱۡ
ס֣
ʱһ
ʶƫͷȥ״תǴлͥקһŮ˹ߵ޵ߡŮǼ꣬ԭյʱԵЩ԰ףϸǱһӤֱ۰ֵţʱʱ졣
۾ʱˣһɺɱ˲͸
׽ϯȥƺӷڣһɳɶԶ
Ƕ
ǰྭ͹ͬ׿Ұޣģˡ
걻ţǰ죬ԭЩ԰׵Ӷʱ¶ϲ֮ɫҾ֪һġ
ȥ

ק齣һǰȥϵɱ羪κ˰ϯա
վס޵ȣڼĲϣеĽеĵ׼᲻Сĸĺ룬һԸ⿴Ǹ档޵ֻҪֹס죬һбͽˣڲǰȥѺʱϴá
ֹסŲɱŨ
޵һ

齣һ𣬱ֱ˦˳ȥ벻Զһϡ
죬㲻ģ
󼱡
ϣϾƹȥɵ̾Сһʲô̫ˡãʿⶫȱ㡣˵ţϾƹ꣬˿ͻȻ¶Щɫ֣ŮôаϢⲻĹȵĲ֮𡣡


198 նɱ
ϾƹԲ죬һ߶ż꣬һ°ͣüͷ΢΢
޵еĳѹڼĲϣ죬죬յ¾͵ΪֹҰ㣬±ͨͨһʹôͬ⣬ھͷſǲͬ⣬ûʲôô
޵ɵʱҪɱ죬ϾϾƹվأ޴ɱȥһվڡԣʱֻˣϣַֹܹⳡ֮ͥҡ
ʱֻҪס죬ܽһС
춢޵ͫͬ㣬㲻Ҫ̫
޵ɫһ˵һΣ롭
ˣ
ͻȻͥ⣬һƬƬƮɣе˹
գۼ䣬϶һˣʮӣվףҪǣӵһʣ־þλȻγɵϡ
һɲǣͥڣٴδ󾪡
⡭
һմڣô
գʲôӰ

̶Ƭ̼䣬Ȼ˵еĴڣ
Ͼƹˣ촽˸
Ҳɫ΢䣺Ĺȹ
ϣĿɨӣ˲ڼϣ漴ɲǼѣһɾڳͥһɿµĽ֮¡
㣬㡭
ЩϲҲЩȡ
Ȼϵˣȴ֪˵ݺʵ

˶޵ˣ˵˺һĻ
޵סˣųֶЩ˿̣ɵҲܿ˺ͼܹ֮ϵʱ˷Ϊ
˵ĳ֣Ǿȣľȴʼڼϣʱ޵㶣һ˲䶯ǚiһչٶɲǼ£ֻһǰ
㡭
޵ɫɵ̧
һסУѪˮһֻһȭ޵
һȭֱ޵ϣһ޵˶ʱ˳ȥ
£
ѺżĻͥ󽫴ʧɫһն

췴һеĳȥ
Ѫ⽦ƿ󽫵ĺ˲ɵ
ֱʱʱ俴ꡣ
졣
˳ӣȴǻϲ
۽ǵһ飬ץżһ
һżʱķѣĵڵء
û°ɡ
ʵ
ҡҡͷûУǱˣЩ顣
ԣ첻ɵսȭͷ
С꣡
һ𣬹âһ˲Աߣץżļ´ֱȷ˼û²ų˿
ûµġ
ҡͷ
û¾ͺãȥʱүүϳţ˵㱻
˵
˵ţɨܱߣһâ
ɳ˵ɫ׿ѿ㣬԰׵ˡһ̣нŭ֮⣬һʲôȻôǿߣ
Ͼƹˣ꣬½Ŀϣٺ٣ͽ۹ҲܲѺʣ㲻ãС˻Ĺδļ̳ˡ
ƫͷˣĿתڱ״ڡ
޵ѪԵúǱ
񵱼ú䣬һΣʯȡһ
졣
꺰
ʹ

˵ţһ׵ڣֱı޵
Ҫʲô
޵źˣɫüΪ԰ס
Ŀһ޵ǰһȭӳ
飡
һȭƳͣݺ޵ؿڡ
һ޵عֱӱһȭҵڱ״ϡ
츩޵ն¡
Ѫ⽦޵ȱն

޵ҽУ״ͷƶ̲ס顣
ɳɵɫѿʱȴް취Ҷ
״ڣ޵ĲҽڳȱնѪܡ죬޵ֺֿޣһȭϾǷưڶʵǺǿģһȭ֮󲿷ǿ߱ˡ
Ȼͨʶʿɱᱻһȭˣ
ۣ
ӽһֱб˳ȥ
޵ٴβҺֱۣûˣ
סס֣죬ûʲôʧס֣һ򽫾Ǹ
޵е
ˣͬҰһ㣬ٴ̧𳤽бն¡
һһ΢СѪ
ҵ۾
޵еһֱգ˵ĲҽСһ̣˫۱նƣѪˮ˫ͫѪˮȾˣͬˡ
⣬˶һĻЩȵһۡ
죬̲סͷȥ
۾ҵ۾
޵Ĳҽдܡ
һ̣˶Ȳҽסˣ˴Ӽһɺ
˵
캮
˵ţٴ𳤽һΣһն޵ȡ޵ĲҽУӳ޵ֱ۸жֱն
֡֡
޵ſڣ϶ѪˮסĴӿðӺð
ʱ֫ϣ˫Ŀϣֻܵڵϣͣĳ鴤
гקţ˫Ŀ͸¶ź˵ɷݺһ޵ؿڣҪĶһ״ĵرѿ޵ļ׵ҲǶϵˣʺѪˮ䱳ʶĿġ
ʱ޵ѾˣȻܿͻ
ƿȣȴ˵ĺ⡣
ú̧֣Žݺһѹ¡۵һᴩ޵࣬޵Ķڱ״ϡ
ɨ޵Ĳʬһȥת⡣
ɳɺʯ˵ɫʱ޵ʧˣӱ׵˳˲Ҳ֪ΪΣ޵ɱˣˣһ̣ȴǰ仰Ҳ˵ڣ˵ʲô
ͬһʱ䣬һЩͨʿҲµ˽֣ɫ԰ף¡
׹նɱڱ״ϣ
졣
ӭȴǲȥ״Ϊ˷ŸҪ̡ܲ
ЦЦѪˮѾȾ졣
һе£ҡ
˵
䣬һߣϰγ齣Žű˹ȥ
ɫһ䣬ʱסб
СҪ̫ˣ
ȵ
ͽȥʦĸš
Ͼƹ
һϾƹڻǰ
Ͼƹ
ŭ
ӮңȻ
Ͼƹĵ
㣡
ŭ
ϾƹʵȻȡʤ
ʱХһͿ絽˽ǰ齣ն¡
űɫ𳤽ȥ

һ죬еıֱӱնϡ
֮ĽƲһնڽؿڣһѪۡ


199 
ƺһؿڣŵŵŵĺ˳ȥԶ
ȻһԶٴһն¡
㣡
űɫٺˡ
ϧ˵ĻЩ١
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ĽնڽŵϣһѪۣʱĽеĶϽڵϷһ졣
쿿һڽؿڡ
飡
ŵɣײڲԶһǽϣֱӿȳһѪ
ǿ󣡡
׵ǰЩ졣
˶죬΢΢üҲ¶Щɫ
ʹΧܼıʿ˿ûκ˸ҶȫֱĶǰ
쿴һԶ壬Žţ˲ʱϡŴ̶ĽصһΣĽֱ׼˽ŵ֡
ס֣
ȵ
ϧϾƹһǰ֮ͬ϶ͲҪˡ
ÿ
ŭϾƹɢǿĲ
á
Ͼƹ⡣
ʱѾǰ齣նȥ
˵ضһؽն֣
ĵ˵ţѾѹȥ
۵һŵƱն£漴ھ˵Ľâбʵķ顣
ŲҺѪˮ
һ̣һеĽٴնն½ŵֱǰˣٴλӽնŵֳ׽顣

ŴУӶʹŤˡ
ܣȺһĻ󲿷˶ɵõֶκ̣
궢죬ɱֱӸ¡
һȥ
Ͼƹɲǳصģһӣ޽ȴһɲĽ
걻ˣŭ
ʱһαƵ˽ǰһ
ڽؿһѪۣһʱ䴥Ŀġ
ǰңң
ڸֳ˿־壬̫ǿˣǶ֡
ϣϾƹʱЦ׵ģҵȻȣЦϾƹˡ
ʱɫѿȻ˶ʹ
ҲʱĽͻأÿֲ׽ƺƵʮ
䣡
ǿԪһϯȥâš
ƣ˽һ
߾ɢǿĽ⣿
׵ǰ΢ľ
Ǳɫң
кβңͽɱ
Ͼƹ
ϣϾƹһʵ񽣣ס˻ȥ·
˿Ҳ꣬ŽĮ𳤽ˡ
סס֡
ﬣ
׽һХųǰȥ
ۣ
ű޿ɱܣ˲䱻նķѣѪˮ˳ա
ɲǼ䣬ͥһ
ưһվڿеĽţȻҲնˣ
һЩʿ죬ɵɪɪЩʿǰ޳Ӱ̫ˣֱ

ŭʱ䣬һɿֲĵڳ˳棬ȻնеˣһҲ
ߣ
Ͼƹߣһ
վǿͽײһֱĿХһ·Ͼһ꽫Ҫ٣˻ֲ̿
׵ǰˣС˵Щʲô
лһĨɫ˶٣յˣˣ㿴е֮ΪһнǾȡĪҪ
ɫͲÿ˿̣øӲÿ
ֻǣȴûж˵ʲôȻЩɵ
ܺã
ɨһ죬лһĨɱ⣬һ䣬˲ϢԶȥ
Ż뿪ķüҲǸֳɫǽˣҪɱ
ͽѹжΪʦŶ
Ͼƹվڿе
ͷƫͷȴǶסʯˡ
齣һ˹ȥ
Ҫʲô

˿̣ȴѾûʼʱɫԵúܲÿϾʦվڿУһʵʵڵվڣܲɵ
ݺҲ
캮
ɳɺˣԼɱ⡣
ɳɫѿˣѾնұ׻ɱ˽δļ̳ˣʹֵ췭ظ๻ˣҪ̫֣Ǳ׻ҵڣǴ˿̣죬ɳȴǺϡ
£͵øۣҲֵã

㡭
ɳŭ
ܣһڱʿľˣȻҪԱ׻ҵǿǶ֣
ʦЦ⣬ԶһʶǿߣȻ֧졣
ʱԶ˹
֣֣͹Ҳͣ͵˰ֿɺã

죬Щ
ͣ½Ųüͷ΢΢塣
΢ɣ̧ͷɳɣӦҾͰ֡
ɳɫ΢ã˵
ѣ̫֣ɳԸԴֹⳡ֮ͥҡ
һ㱱׻Ҫ򽫾ߵǸȻߵǸҪ㹻İ

ɳɵͷԣ
ȫԽܡ
ڶϴˢϽԩҪԵٽϽǸ⡣ң֮Ի֮Ѹ£ϽΪ׹һ󽫣׻ҺۻʼϽ񣬿ۻƽƽ
˵ڶ
ɳɫ΢ҪЩˣۻʼ˶񣬿ۻƽƽʲôһ׻ȨҲ˼ͼҵ˽֮
֣ʮϽΪ㱱׻һδսɳʱô˵֣ϽŮΪ۹ڱ߾ʱô˵֣޵ǵȲҪʱʣڣ֣

ɳɵɫʱòÿԶԡ
ĬκɳҧҧãҲӦ㡣
ͷһ壬ŻΪµۡΪ˺ܲҲĵΪѣϣܳΪңֻҪܹΪôڱ׹˺Ҳһ¡
һЩ˼졣
֣Ҳʺϣҡ
ҡͷ
ļûʲôʺϲʺϣ¶еһ˵ţɳɣΣӦǲӦ
ɳɺ˶һۣûаԥû⣡
˶ǻһˣȻܹĿʦϾƹһǿţ֮ҲһȥСϵһּΪѹϵһΪۣ׹ѣ˵æǼ¡
쵹û뵽˴Ӧôɴ࣬Ҳû룺Ǿͺá
˵ţ齣
ڣ⣬ҡ
ЩͻȻҪΪ׹֮Щҡ
ûţǻ㡣
ɳɵ


200 ѡ
ЩңɳɵĻǽƽ
һС

Цû뵽Ȼ׻ҵ
ļɨܡ
ͥ£ǳ䶨ſʦ΢΢˵ͷԱл⡣ż˹ȥ
ǰ
ſꡣ
գգۣЩϲȻΪɱ˻ʹ
ǻȥ
Ц
š
ͷ
վԱߣ죬Ե˵ͷ
㣬ȥҼң
ˡ
ȻЦЦֵԺ󣬽ʦ
궢գգۣȻɵȴǶЩ
߰ɣȻһ㡣
Ц
˵ţ˵ǵȳǰȥռͼꡣ
쿴˵ıӰСʲôʱʶ
ǰ

Ҳ֪λ϶ҲŵǿߣǾȻǰͼˣǳ㣬ô˵ȽŸ类ſС˵ţЦǱʶĵ͵ʺ㡣
ҡҡͷҲ֪ʵݣǰһˣ㴫һ׽ǸʱһСʮһ֪꣬׽ļֵȥҲף׽¡
㵱ʩչִĽ
ʵ
š
ͷ
Ȼѹ֡
ʩչǵȽʱ;ú֣ΪֽʵǺأֱһ̣ףԭǿߴµĽ
ˣȥֹ
һǰ
궢˵ıӰͷǰȥ
΢㶣û뵽껹ȶͦɰ
ͽС˿ǿ鱦ͷͦ󡣡
Ͼƹ
̧ͷ˵
ΪʦѰȥ
˵ţϾƹһʧˡ
ҡҡͷʦԸͦ˽⣬Ҳ⣬ʹȥ
ܿ죬뿪ͥʧС
Ҳ߰ɣ֮¡
壬С¶ѣε᳤ˡ
û뵽Сֵܵʦվڣ֮ˡ
ط˵
˵ţͬʦ᳤һԹԳͥȥ
뿪ɳɫ̫ÿԺȴҲֻҡͷ̾Ϣ
ȥӻͥ⵽״ȫѪˮȾ졣
ұ׻ʹ˶ѣ
ʯҧ
ƽɫȻҲѿȴ˵ʲô
һУǾȡ
ɳҡҡͷ壬ԺͿˣϣõ۹

⣬ԶɽڸǰĶǰ
ʱӰڼԶɽҰУ죬ˡ
ģԶɽվ
С꣡
ɽɵݺᣬ첽ӭȥ
үү
Сܹȥ
Զɽ´꣬¼һͷ۰ŮΨһˡνʾڶ⣬ҲΪ޵Լ
û¡

û¾ͺãû¾ͺãԶɽֲˣСֵܣлл㣡ллϵʹȥݶ飬Զɽ
ҡͷϽˡ
ֻǵͷûж˵ʲô
߽ɨһԺ䣬ԺʬѾˡ룬ܹµҹؼԶɽѾеʬ嶼ˡ
ϽǵĳѾˡ

Զɽһ㣬ɱ


Զɽĸлллл촳ʹؼ꣬նɱ˵۹ݺǼԶɽȾþɳһҲȫжлл֣ʵҲʡ
նɱһˣ˭˭ȥ
ǡ
Զɽնҵŭ֪֪кܶǿߡ
õģǼ˲ʲôһж⡣

Ȼ֪Զɽڵʲô
ԶɽЩȣȴǺ죬Ҳƽ
صҲЩģ¶ˣȻЩ˲Ѫϵ֮ףϾһôãȻи顣
ӣѹ
찲ο
ʱַĹȥҹܿء
С꣬ġ
˵
š
վ졣
ɨ죬һ˲ȻϾƹĵӣһҲ޷
£˺죬ķ䡣
뷿䣬ǳŴӱȥɫʱ΢΢һ䡣


һΣǻСӱʯȡ
ɫһϲнӹǻŻԭλȡСӣŸոסСӣɫǱ˱䣺Ǹ㡭㿴ˣ
ЩΣûס¡
ǣ㣬֪ˣ
ɫ΢졣
ͷţ֪ˡ
ɫ糺죬һ㣬קȭͷʵǣô룿˵ǰ㣬ٴһж˵ȻҲ⡣
£ͷһ㸺ġ
ģ
ɫһϲ
ġ

ܻϲͻȻúɣЩߡ
ҵ̸˵Ȼ˽С
ɿ
˶٣ʱЩ˼
죬ҲΪЩΡ
ˡҡͷԹѰ˸λż꣬С꣬Ҵ׽ܹʲôˡ
ģء
Щ˼µĺӰ㡣
˶ݣأ
Ǹ̫ˡ
С
˿Ц̫ˣǿĹȲ֮أ似һΪվͽ׽أĹʷϻδ˳ֹ
ҡҡͷ˿ż꣬죬ڻ䣬ƺǿ˵ǰߺ쳾׼ľʳУżֱЩǡɱС꿴˵ţЦЦżѾͷŽק⽫ϴ֣ҩʱҾͦȤ
һʱ䣬ұ⽫סһ룬Ұɣ£ǳѾͷ顣Ҳ£ҷѾͷʵЩˣʮһδֹʵˡ
츳𣿡

츳ֶûһϵǰڿٶȿһЩǵʶֶ֮û˿壬ϾʶǿѾ߱ʶɸ֪Ĵڡ˵νʣָԣҲһ˵ǱܣǾ츳ȷǳĶ
춯ݣԭˡ
һ룬Ź治һĵطҪ֪츳ǱǿУȴֻǷǳĶ
˶ż꣬ɫС꣬ҵܴŲµЩӦòȫ˵ļһЩǰ뿪ʱҴĽΪ䣬ΪⷽĴ֮һĹȵĲ֮أǹѡ˲ʸĽңһĹˣԺ󣬽ʦ


201 
󾪣˵ĹȵĹ
ͥʱʱ˵ĻûκҲֻǲµǿߣȴû뵽Ĵ֮һĹȵˣͷЩһ룬ҲͻȻϾƹ֮ǰΪʲô˵ͷЩˣȻںܶǰͱĹȵ˿ˡ
գգۣҲЩĶˡ
㣬ԭŵĹ
Щȡ
һЦܸ˰ɣĹ˼ء
ʱЩ˼
ĸ֮ҵΪЩ
Ц
ǾͺãǾͺã
Ҳͦ˼Сʱ򣬾Ȼһŵǿק˸ڣΪԶɽսĵԼˣ֮á
춼̲סЦ
һ룬⻹ǼȤ£뵽ϵćɫ
ǰ˵Ĺѡˣ˼ǣ
˶٣ʵ
ҽСȥĹУΪһιѡ˵˵ţżЦЦʣҼУûܺСȣҿţһεĹٷְٻСϡ
춯ݣܿȻʵ˵ȷʵܾˣ˵ȥСʱĳȻʶԼͨˣĺѵãڣҲ޷ͬǰ
ȥŰ
ˣЩԥ
ļԴõģùʲôʦڡңĹֻŮӣСôƯһϲ
ǡ
졣
ЩΣ͸õˣҲȥţڡ
һϲ죬ģ
˸ʦ
Ц
̫ˡܿ¶ɫҡͷǣǲУϵ˶ˣʣүүһˣҪˣүүܹµ
΢㶣Ҳһ΢㶡
ӳˣҪԼ·ܱͬǰ棬үүܸˡ
˵
ͷϽһ뿪
һҹڼķ˵йŵ£ʹͼ궼˲ټʶһҹȥ˲û뿪ǾڽסҪĹȣȻúͼһ뿪

ʳǣҡ

һŭڽ
֮񣬻ͥڷ£Ѿ֪ţȻɱˣԭΪҿԿŽȵһһжǻɢˡ
ô죿Ǹ죬пʦ֧֣վǿ߳
૵
֮ˣô죿ɱ챨𣿸Ͳܣڣ뷨ǸЦһͥˣһɱʶǿߵˣһվſʦվڵˣܹʲô
һֻ̣ʣŭͺޡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҺͶμ˷ŭ𾪺ͻ֮̿Уʼɳʮǿȫɱ˸飬ڣ쾹Ȼͥһ飬п󹫻֧֣ǿǿ߳ǾȻһˣ

ʱճ߹ַš
ͼһֱڽͬԶɽһ𣬽ƻ˵ĽһˣײβҲʱܹõ
ܿ죬ȥ
һ죬ɳɣʯƽ壬ԵٽԶɽǸ⣬ڽбɱ֮˵ĹǰǸ󣬵ڶ죬һڻʳ𣬳Ա׻ңɻҳԱ˿ȫǡ
ǰ̫ӻӹ£ݺַȥλ׻ڴԶɽϽǸ⣬ңԶɽ󽫾Ϊ׹һ󽫣뱱׹ۻƽƽȨʹܱ׹¾أ
һʱûʳ𶯡
ȻϽǱԩģ
Ҿ˵λϽôܻı¡
ޣ⻰ʱô˵
㲻Ҳû˵
⡭
ʳ۷׷ף˸ˣ
ҲʱԺһıӰһգڻʳǽֵϣһ꣬һֱ汱׹Զɽߡ
׻ҵ̬ת䣬ѵҲΪꡣ

ΣʳǷˣȣܣ
Զɽѹʱû˿ںԩǣ󲿷жԶɽǱԩģֻǲվ˵ѣϾѹԶɽǱ񣬼ԶɽϴȥԩЩȻˣԶɽǰո˺ܶࡣ
һۣȥ
һ죬׻ʹٴδŻΪµۣռλ
Żӣ
ƺ˵ǸͦԵˡ
òСĻӰɣôСĻӼλ֡
ʳ˺ܺ档
ȻҲֻǺѣ˵ף׻ҵ˭λһЩͨ˶ԣûʲôӰ졣
ļλʽܼ򵥣Ҳ¡أָλʱԶûۻݻϾͥŸշһң¡ΪһǱ׻ҵɳΪϵ۹ڣۻûܹ١
ͣ
˵
ļλʽȻμˡ
Ҿ
ͷЩ˼
͹ˣ£ֻԵԼġ
Ц

صĵͷ
ļ򣬺ͼһ߳ͥ
ɳ뿪ıӰһ̾Ϣ
Ȩ飬Ϊ˻棬һжȻкŭ⣬ǲò˵㽻˸ѡ
ɳ̾
һ㶣ɳɡ
úϧ
ɳɵ
˵ţɳ뿪״һʧˡ
úϧ
ʯ
˵ţʯһҲ뿪˱״
嶨Ŀ뿪֣غ棺һ

ͼصտ븮ڱǸоһɿ񱩵Ԫ·һ˻ǵǿЩ£ֲ˼㡣ѭԪ嵽ԺֻһһŮڶţм侹һϸСĵ绡
ʦ
Ͼƹ
춼һ
һһŮϾƹˣΨһмƵͬ㽻֯ڵϻһۣǵ춼㤡
ʮ˵Ϣǽƽ
ֱʱͼ˿
Ͼƹڸ
ʵ
Ͼƹʼ磺û
ȥĵط
Ժֱƻ߰ˣͼǻ˺ܳʱ
˶Ͼƹü˶Ϊˣ˶͹㣬ڵʵǱڵ̫ϳҲ˶ˣ˵Һܺ棬ķڽɣΪʲô̳֮λ
ɣһϾƹϼһԭô
žһϾƹֱ˦һƣװʦв
˵ţϾƹǲſйơ
죺
ΪʲôôҲѣܿ˵һ˵ɡ
˵
Ͼƹʼ磺ʲô̫鷳ˣ𰸣𣿡
ˣң
ɫһ
˵ģĹȵˣĸҡ
Ͼƹ
˶ʱһŭ̧־һâ
ͽΪʦѰȥһºΪʦȥţסˣ
Ͼƹ
ֻоǰһһ̣ϾƹӰʧˣȫûпϾƹƶ
̧һӣնĽâ͵һз顣
ŲԣʦǸ
û¡
Ц
ǰ룬ʵǰϾƹϤ
㲻ʦ
ü
ҽϾƹ

˵ͷ⵹ͦڵƢԡ
ڵƢԣ
΢ɡ
ǰ˵пԼ


202 Ѫϴ
컹ЩʲôȴԸིһ䡰Լȥʡ뿪ˣЩԣϾѾȤ
Ұʣ
գգۡ
⵹ǲá
Ц
Ͼƹ£֪Լȥʡ
ļһֱڽ֮ǰﵽΪȥȼ꣬δüھصľ磬ʱá
һۣչȥ
һգӽ߳࣬Գȹ̡
ϴˡ
лһĨâ
ʱһ̫¶ȴߣɺܺ䡣
ֵ߳ϣѭһȶķǰȥ
ͼСһˡ
ǰ߼Ͻ꣡
Ӣ۳꣡
ֵߣ˶죬϶žη֮ɫ
ƽֵߵ˵ۺĿ⣬ʼպƽȡ
ʱһӴĸۡǰ
ʳǣҡ
䵭лĳһϡ
ҸۡǰǿأΪԴ죬ɫʱ䣺㡭֣֡ųì׼죬ȴһķ
ޱ飬һǰȥ
˶£ì׼죬Ȼ£ȴŭһ볯ɱȥ
ﬣ
ХһѪʬ嵹¡
첽䣬һ뽯Ҹڡ
˲٣һĻ˶һ̲ס
⣬Ҫʲô
Ǳ׹ǿ֮һ
Ȼɱˣ
촳ʹ£ͨ˲֪ϾҲ⴫˿̣Ȼһ˿뽯ڲЩ˸Ǵʧɫ˫ĿԲ
ڣʱ˷촳롣
ǿ֣߳죬־ŭ
ɲǼ䣬ҴԺۼʮˣֳֵŭ죬⡣
죬Ȼ
ǿŭ
űſУԭҿɽʹλٴȴ룬žɱˣϣͱɱҡУܲ졣
ͥҶˣ㽯ʲô

ǿ߱ŭиֳ֮ɫһϣɱ
˺޷
ʱʮ볯ȥд붼ʿжɱͺ⡣ͬһʱ䣬Ҹ˳ȫɱ졣
ϴţ
˺ȵ
챻Χ룬ȴʼƽ
棬Ψвݡ

ʵ̫ɱ¾ԭҲţһЩͨĽҵӣܷŹͷŹǴ˿̣һҵӣֱӽ˿ͷķ顣Щ˶ɱĺͺ̫ˣԼв
ɱ
ҵǴ˳嵽ǰ
һ𣬲׽ϯ˷
ĿѪˮ˷ǰˣ˲дƬʬϡ
ͨʶǿ߶նɱͥ˹ЩͨĽҵοĶ֣һжֵ¡
ﬣ
һ׽նһǿնϡ
ͳɫŭһԳɱ
˴۷壬ֳһʩչ꽣Хˡ
һȥ
鵭Įһն
͵һ˵ĺ꽣â˲ն飬ͷ­б˳ȥ
ҴԺ֮֮Ψһ߾ʬڽ¡
ܿ죬ӽԺһ·ɱԺ
죡
һŭ𣬽֣֮Ƿĺ⡣
ʸң̣ҵУʧܸգ㽯˵Ժﰵɱңħұ£ʱ㽯ȴһίӣ滹ҪҪˣ
֮ɫȻԸֱӺɱ
˵ţ֮һȺ˳ȥ
ЩˣǽҵľӢǿߡ
ߣ
Ц
ʶ֮£޵Уû
齣һΣ׽ɨȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǰһȺ˶ʱһѪǱһɽˣ϶¶֮ɫ
㡭
֮죬ŭѣͬʱҲ𾪲ѡ
ãܴ»ͥǿ

齣һǰȥǿĽ⡣
ˣ̫ſˡ
һϵ
֮һ֣߳ɢǿϢ
档
֮һ
ڰ֣һǰҽҴô꣬ȴǵһαɱ죬ĿúԼɱ⡣
һѣ㻹Ϊ˲𣿡
䵭
Ӹ䣬һֵն졣
˼ңЪϢ¡
һӰ
ʦḱ᳤ط֣ȵĽ¡
ط磬ʲô
ɫ
Ȼϵط磬ʵ˵ʳУ֪ط˻治ࡣ
֮Ҳɫ䣬û뵽ʳǿʦĸ᳤Ȼ뵽СȻѾ˵촳ʳʱվſʦᣬȴ뵽һˣȻ촳
㽯۸ҿʦһʱǿûʲô
ط絭
㡭
ʱɫһŭ
ʱ춯ˣһնʮ

ҽڵһʱ𣬽ҵǿ߲٣ܹͻͥȣʩչ׽ͬһڿ粽ÿһնһ˵¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮܿȾ˵ر
ڽҶԣһգǿһնɱ

֮۾ˡ
˲ңҲˣһУǾȡ
鵭Į齣֮⽻֯һǰ
貵׽â磬ٶȿ쵽㣬˲ᴩ֮ࡣ
֮ſڿѪеٰ֮漴ĵȥ

нǿ󺰣־ŭ
Ƿŭ֮

ɱ죬ϧȴ岻ط
ɨһ۽棬ĮĽҵӡ
㡭
ӭЩҵӸĲ̲סˡ
ȻЩȴŵ
۵ɱʼղ͡

һǿľˣȻܹоЩҵӵֶɱˣԲ£Ȼٶɱ¾ҲҪɱ
ԵʴȣǶԼ̣ǶԼ˺Ѳ̡
첻ɵԼ̣Լ˺Ѳ̡
ﬣ
齣һն£ٽ
һѪˮڵرһҽн֯ڿУޱ飬ͬնɱһҵӣƻһͤ¥
һʱ󣬽ڲѪˮȾܡ

һУȴ޷ɵ÷ŭ
쵭Įɨ۽棬ȴǸֳһƾƾᣬһƽĲնʶǿߣɶһʶڶصˣȴȻܻǶ֣Ψ½󷽿ɡ
ʱط磬ǰˡ
طͷһ򽯼档
ӭȴǱһɷ˵첼µĽ֮ڡ
ˡ
쵭Į
£һһ貵Ľʱ


203 ʳ
һͷ۳һ֮ƣʱý涯ݡ
ʲô
ϿյĽ̫ܼ̫ɲΪˣҲɵĲ
̫ˣ
ɱĶ
䵭
£һޱ߽ʱŽ׹ȥ
̶ǳһ¡
䣡
һɴƣȻΪǿ󣬿˶ĽȴǱɫҪ֪ЩԽƴ߶׽âνֲ
ط綢һĻҲǶݡ
ǼƵܽƾۺһγ˽󣬿¡
ǰط׿ʦҲɵ𺳡
ﬣ
ʩչ꽣Ʋ֪Ƚǿ˶٣һնǰκΣ첼µĽ̫ڿ£ܼĽâͬˮ׹䣬ʶڶصĽʱƵܣʶҲǺǱ
ߣ
ЦһҲǳȥ
ǚiʩչޣ齣һ׽ϯʮ
ԭԵЩǱɱͷܼ׽ʹýתۼͰ˼Ѫ
Ѷ
ط
ʵҲطԣ죬ȻսԶ罯棬ڽ£ȴȵռϷ
ֹȥʱڵĽ⿪ʼ

ŭʱʱĿڲ
ǽҵġ
䵭
׽âһչ̧֣ȭһ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ϣеĽһ׹䣬âɭɭ
汻ȭˣһǰ͸ѪܼĽâ£ͬκһ㽫֮û

ȾѪϢüΪ
ʱ˿̣ڵϣǳ٣Ȼ˼صĴˡ
ҲǹЩѪۣȻнҲЩˣϾΪѾʶڶ죬ǿ̫ࡣ齣һǰƽ𣬺նȥ
ۣ
Ѫһͷ­ʱб˳ȥ
طĬĬĿһĻ漴ȥ
Դˣҳױ
ȡһöԪ븹УԪлָ֮ɨ򽯼ͽ߽֮Դһöʯ䡣ûпöʯ£
Įɨһۣ쳯߳
Ժʱطڵ
أ
طʵ
μҡ

طͷһЦԾϽҵһǽ˲ϢʧϾǿʦĸ᳤ȻӦ죬ȴǵù˼һЩӰ죬Բ߳
ˣҲ⣬ֱƿҴš
ɲʲôǡ
֨ѽһҴűƿȾѪڲ˾ɵУɫƽ̧ȳŻʳһȥܿʧ˵ҰС
ʱ򣬽⣬˶ˣڷ
⡭
ʬ壬ȫȫʬ壡

ŨѪζӽڴƮڿУǰֻŽԺһ߾ʬѪˮȾһرΨֿݡң
˽ң
˿־

մȾŵѪڻʳǽֵϣٻηľ
ֻǣȴ⣬ʼպƽ
úǰһ޴ۡ
ʳǣμҡ
ʲôˣվ֣죡
ڶμ¶ɫ
ﬣ
쾶ֱֻ̧ӽһμڡ
μңһʼԩ޳𣬿ɶĲȴμҸɳǿɱɳǿڽΧɱԹҪ˽һ¡
죡
һŭڶμ
ɫĮֻӽ
ﬣ
ÿֲ
ڽңμҺ֮ǰɳʮǿ׷ɱ죬ڵѾ̫࣬ԶԶȲϽңμҵ棬ҲֻʶһأǱȽ̫࣬ط£Ķμס죿
һʱеʧ鵭ĮӶμ߳
ط磬ǴӶμڲ뿪
֮ڶμһΧ߾ֵУ쳯ȥ
ʳ壬໥ľ벢̫Զܿ죬֮⡣ûһԥ鵭ĮһնҵĴţƽذС
ҽУܿҸ
ҵʵ֮ڵĶμһҪ磬ǿڼΰɱ첻ɺ󣬼Ѿû˼һЩ֪촳ͥɹ󣬸뿪ˡЩ˿֪ԹڵΪС
ңνǿиɡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһľгͣո
Щ˶мɱͺ⣬䲻̫ɱ¾ȴֻɱ
죡Һް
֮
ûк޵ʸ񡣡
䵭
׽һ֮ͷ­б˳ȥ
طԵ棬ʱ죬Ҳǲɵһ⡣
Ѫ
ط̾һӢͬޣĹ⻷ͷ񣬶죬ȴҲֻ̾ϢûǿҲûݡ
ﬣ
̶صڲ񷡣
ʱѪУ콣¡
һˣһعȥˣӭ͡
ط
˵ţطԾҺǽʧǰ
ط뿪ķ˵ͷҼʯҲϴﵽıʯУųȥ뿪
һ紵ŨѪζõЩ
ϣϾƹڲԶȥıӰ
νʿѪȺɱ¾гɳ
ƮڿУϾƹӰѾʧӰ١

һգʳˣ׷ڡ
ңμңң׹ǿ壬һռ䱻ȫ
˭˭ģ
Ǹ죬ͼСһǸꡣ
սϽˣ
ǣ
⡭ô£
һڻʳ
⣬УҪԿһȴǸŵɫ԰ףЩŮӸǵŻ
׻ʹҲǵõϢһ漴Ȼ
ˣȫֹκ˿Ѹٴ
վ
ǣ¡
һ
ۼܼȺ۷׷ף϶𺳵ı飬֮ûжùȥе۹ӸϵֱɢȺ峹׷ǿıʿأϽκ˿

ȻѾ뿪壬˿˿ʦڡ
Ǽ䷿䣬죬ط磬ηȷС
Σлλǰ

䣬ӡ¼ƺͼԭΣط硣Щǣط羹ǰ˰֡
᳤˵ˣȻǹ䣬Ϊһ֣
ط
΢㶣ȴҡҡͷλǰ⣬ܸмȻŵλǰȻö֣˵Ļԭ򡣡
طЩ죬жоâˣôǼϼһҲͲˡ˵ţطӹԭȻ죬᳤ھڹ¥Сֵһġ


204 ʦһͼ
£漴ǵ˵ͷ
ط磬ܿ죬¥һ
᳤ˡ
طŷڵ
֨ѽһд򿪡
ȥɡ
طЦЦ漴ת뿪ˡ
в죬ɫҲǺƽ̧뷿ڡ
Ĳúܼ򵥣ɢһֹϢмһԲľһط͵ˡ
쵽ЦЦ
ǰ
һ漴¡
СһڡЦЦնǧͣݣѾ֪ΪʳǿʦĻ᳤Ǹðһʦ䣬Ȼָʦյǿߡ
΢㶣ǧͽΪ⣿
һ룬Ҳ̫⡣
ܱǸǰҿʦλʦҲ֪䣬λʦֻǴҿʧҴﵽʶҡ

£ѾΣӦǺס
ǧ͵£ЦλʦҪǸߡ
ǰˣֻΪ£
ʵ
ʶѡǧҡҡͷ죬ЩҼΪɫĿʦúӦñҪȥУڴ֮ǰЩڿʦ£Ҫ㽲һϾ֮Ѽˡ
΢ɣǰ뽲
ںЩЩ磬͵˳˵ɡ˶٣ǧ͵˵룬ܹڶ죬Ǹϲڣʦһƺͼʲôھȫ£һЩǿĿʦպ£ȥĳ֪ڣԲҪȥ
һǧ;Ȼ֪ʮң֪£
ı飬ǧͶҲµʲôʮ£Ȼ֪㲻ɻ󣬱ϾҲ׿ʦΪ㽲£ҲһȱĹż֪ǷΪ棬ҲȷֻһᣬϾӵʺͲܵˣʵںܺҲϣ𡣡
Ȼԭˡ
лǰѡ

ˣҲ˵ˣ㽲Щ磬Ϊʲôʱܹڶ򣬻˵ϾһͨڶŻЩ⡣ңµĻʦҲ֪ܻҶһˡ
ǧ͵
ǰ⣬ܸм

ǧЦЦվ̸͵Ƿ㣬һ÷Σ
˵ͷһλʢ룬ǾܾЩʧ
ã߰ɡ
ǧЦ
ʦķͦ򵥣ζȴǲ
ڹ򵥳Щǣ뿪ʦᣬȥڻʳǽֵϣüͷ΢˶ǧ˵ĻĿʦһͼıʲôֵͼıźε£
룬ҡҡͷ
ˡ
ʲôʱڶȷЩû塣
صʱǰվһŮǼꡣ
ˡ
죬ӭ
ʳз£Ȼ֪ˣһֱš
Ǹõˡ
Щ˼һ룬ѾŮˡ
û¡ЦЦˣԷû
ڿʦԹˡ
Ц
ŶǾͺãһء

һЦЩж
ɫѾܰͼ˵˻ǸԻطϢˡ
ԽԽǳ㣬ڷĬĬתļԶʱƶ⡣ģһʱȥϵϢͻأЩԪ·ǻһͷ񱩵ޣڿҳ
ˣ
â𶯣ģһѪɷϢ͸̲ס
ܿ죬ϵϢԽԽ񱩣Ѫ񶼱Щˡ
ʱⷿһӰϢĳ֣󱳡
ģ
˵
ӰϴһŨľζȻϾƹʱЩ
˫ۣתļϾƹİ£Ϣƽ
ˣһʱȥϵϢȶ
ֱʱϾƹջ֣ߵһߡ
оΣ
Ͼƹ
춢Ͼƹҡҡͷͳɱ¾̫ˡЩʹ壬ϵˣҲǧԣȻľԶͬˣɱô˺ľٻᱻһЩ
ɱˣɲϷ
ɱɱ
Ͼƹ
ɱ
ƽ
Ͼƹ죬ĻشûһԥΪʲô
ûΪʲô
쵭
СһǾǿʦʲôϾƹ㻹иãѣú뿪ʳȥУΪĳЩȷصĴڶúѴȥв԰ɣΪʦ£ܻ֪һЩ
ƫͷȥ˵
Ͼƹ߹ȥߣĲӵСӣ˵ˣʦͽʲôзգЩʦҪһֱע㣬͵÷ˣϾƹҺòѰһͽҪˣҵ
ζ̫ˣҲϲ

ѽСӣ㻹ߡ
ϾƹЦ
Щ壬ϼһΪϲ
ϾƹĲӣǶѰ㣺Сӣ֪ҿԭʲôʣǳϲԸ񡣺٣ΪһֽٳΪСŭʹնɱΪ壬˫մѪȣһ˭ңǣϾƹĵӾ͸ң
͹һҾƣϾƹԵúǽ
һҹϾƹãԭһϾƹǰ£ջˣ˺ϾƹյϾƹȻԸᡣţϼһȻһйµˡ
峿ʱϾƹʧˣ˵Ѱȥֻһֽжʮ죬ߣȥڵţʮ죬һ뻹ʲôҪ콫꣬Ҫ뿪ʱź
ֽ߳š
񣬺ѾȥѾû˰ѩ£һº͵̫
Ժӭųɣһһ䣬ľøƽ͡һ룬ҹﵱܾգǸʱתļԺѪܵףϾƹʱϵΪɱ¾̫
ʱͷˡ
ɱˣվǺ£ɣʿ硣
춢Լ˫ȭ
һ룬Ȼǿ󣬵ǣߵȴ̫̣̫
졣
һ
Զ˹
ƫͷż꣬¶Щ͵Ц
硣
ʺ
ˣ̫ҺܸˡЦԣ˶ٺᳶ½ǣǸȥ߰ɣòáܴϻۣ⼸ɱ¾̫£֪һʮ˵Щأţʱһ¡
룬Цð
ţȵȣȥ׼¡
һϲʱȥ


205 ػط
ٳʱ򣬻һƯĳȹõ΢Щޡ
㴩ôƯ

Ʋ죬Ǳˡ
ˣ߰ɡ
˵ţǰȥ
Ŷȥͬ겢С
С㣬ߣעⰲȫ
Ѿߴĵ
ǰǲ˲Ѿ˵񣬸˲ˡ
߳ͷһۣͻȻãҵ˼ҵĸо
ôˣ
ʵ
ҡҡͷЦûʲô
ŻʳһȦȥתתΪԻʳⲢǺϤԣһֱǼǰУż߹һƬƬľС֣ƽ١
ɫװʱ˲ػؽ
оô
գգۡ
ͦõġ
Ц
һͼ߹˲ٵط˺ܷɣƽܡ
Ǿͺãȥɡ

ǲܾͷӦ
ļʱÿնͼȥй䣬Ҳʲô£ֻǼ򵥵棬ȥʳСתȥʳСתȥʳǸһЩСתתֻо˶ÿ
ˣһ۱չȥ
һգ뿪ѰһƥŷǶȥ
ʳѾ£ٹֵȥУһȥֲ֪õãûȥϦ
ƥ뿪ʳǣһ̡
ǰһСĳǳأǷǡ
ֻˡ
¶Ц⡣
ǣƥиһ漴ѭһȥ
ǣ
ּҵ죡
˵ȥʳǱ׵Ժȥˣֻ˰
ϣָָ㡣
ǰνǣ˲֪˲
ԴˣҲ⣬ƽĳǰȥ
úһ޴ĸۡǰǾ丮丮Ĵţ¶Щ֮ɫȻз£˵Ǻůġ
˶٣̧˽ȥ
丮Եúвٵ߶
ܿ죬ϳ졣
⡭
죿
ʦܣ
죬ʹ۾
컹ھ丮ʱǼߣһЩ丮ӵ𾴣ͬһΪż񡣴ʱЩ丮Ȼ֪ΪͻȻˣȴ˶Ļʾ⡣
Ȼд󣬶Щһһͷ
ھ丮컹ǱȽϤģѭһС·ʱһȽľĶСԺӡ೤ϾסĵطȻ϶סڳϸﵹǳ˽סȥʳ֮ǰһΡ
ʱƿԺСΧԹ˽ȥ
Ժͦӣǰ̧š
֨ѽ
ֲŸոӵϣľűдˣûйϡ
ЩԣܾѾͷ̫ûзˡ
Ѿ򿪣ҲͲˣ̧˽ȥ
֨ѽ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣһķűһŮͷ߳廹Եʪģֻһɱɴ⣬¶ޱˡȻŮǸողϴԡϡ
һʱ䣬Ůסˣĵ졣
Ӵ棬þò
εĴк
죬ǻϲ漴ŭקһߵľξͳȥ
ȥ
ľһһɾֱȥ
ڶأ
΢
һľȵĽ¡
棬ǿˡ
Ц
ֱɫǣ޳ܣҪ㻹ȥ
һգû·ء
ǸǸ
˳ȥСĵĹغ÷š
˻ԺӣǾһΣѾͷϴ趼֪غ÷š֪ǳϵľ˭˼ɵĿ
ʱԺ⣬һһС˹
ƫͷȥжʱһϲ
һһСϦϦץ֣һܸ˵ӡ
СϦ
첽ӭȥ
ԭΪϦһ𣬴˿ӦǴСԺ뵽ϦȻһȥˡ
ǣϦ̧ͷжʱһĨɫ죿
ϦǿĵĲУֱ˹
磡
СѾͷһСȹһ¾˵컳˵ֱᡣ
Ǹˣ־ᣬһЩΣСĵϦᡣ
Сֵܣˡ

ǰá๪һŵҸջˡ
˼У
൭Ц
Щ˼ǰЦˡ


ٴμ죬ҲЩˣһֱ챧кܴڴ
ϦСԴСϦ鷳ˡ
СѾͷǹɵĺܣҺϲڰ֣ɣȥһЩ丮ʹСѾͷһȥˣţԺѾͷӦûҪ̤֮·ڿһ͵ǰѬһ侳
⣬ллǰ񰮡

ӽ丮һֱͶգǶϦҲãܸм
˵ЩͼˣСѾͷͶԵҾ͵ֶ˸Сͽ
Ц
ͷиǸж
֨ѽһű򿪣滻·˳ȥһƳ졣
ʦСϦǻˡ
ԺжˣҲһ㶡
Ϧ֣ϲĵս㣬ˣ
бһۣɫ졣
˼Ǹᡣ
ε
ƲͷϦ˹ȥѹ졣
캹գӾΡ
Ѿͷôˣ
档
ûʲô
һһ٣ϳ
һΣѾͷҶܲˡ
ԾûзԵȨҪֵûһͨݵɣԲ˵ˡ
ʱֵʱǡϦһȥ׼緹
ǺһԺ
ʳоΣ
졣
С
Ц
ʱϦ׼÷ˣƽǲ
ùͺһ𣬽ʰ
ֹȥãʯŵϢҲǸ˹
Сһ²ˡ
ʯˬʵ
Ȳʯǰ
ǫ
ʯජ죬ЦʵСֵܣΪΣ
ͷЦǰոմﵽء
أ
ʯһۣЩľ
²ѾȲΣ
ǵ죺ȷ
ЦЦҪҪչʾ㿴ǰ
Ҫ
졣
챻ˣϢһ𣬶ʱ䣬صԪɢ
ϢʯԶݡ
ԪѾʵʵڳԽϹͷˡ
ʯЦ
ǵֱ˫̶ֱۣ̬̼ʱѣȻѾڶ뵽ھ죬ٶȣʷϵһҲΪˡ
ʯ죬ͷһο
˵һֱͺܿ죬ȡȳɾͣҲͦˡ
СһλֻΪ˿Ϧ
ʵ
Ļ˶˹
ϦԴѾ˱׵ԺúҪǰУλȷʵϦ棬ͬʱҲţ뿪ǰݷλǰ


206 ׵ջ
Ļʯɫ͵һ䣬Ŀ¶֮ɫ
ţ
ʯǽ졣
ʯΪʶҲһ㣬Ȼ֪֮¡

ͷ
ʯһۣòײƽϵο֮ɫŨúúãǹûпۣһʱ䲻Ѿɳ˵زӾ丮뱱׵ԺҪ봫˵еˡ
Щ֣ѯʲôš
ûгɣ˵ŵ¡
Ļʱɴ˫ۣһ涼֪˵ʲôˣ̶̼²Ȼﵽ˲ΣȻŵǿ߿ˡ
á
Ц
Ϧ½ǣԴС磬Ҫˣ
춢Ϧһʱ䣬֪˵ʲô
ԲСϦ硭
粻õСϦСϦսһ𣬹úܿĵġ
Ϧ
Ļ˵꣬ǱϦϣϦĻӾΡֻǣζܴϦһȥţͺñڻʳǵʱһδΣѣʱϦȥˣ֪ᷢЩʲô¡ҪȥţڵȻʳǸңôϦǰ
ģһչ˺СϦ

ʯҲǵͷ¶Ц⣬Ȼġ
ԴˣǸм
ʱ֣ʯȥϸ丮£Ժֻʣˡ
磬ǳȥ𣿡
Ϧ
죬СѾͷ۾һڴӡ
ð
Ȼܾ
һ룬ϦѾˣ֪䣬ǾСѾͷЩ
գͺϦ߳丮ڽֵϹһʵҲϦ棬ϾǰᶫϾ֪ι֣Ҳ֪Ӧȥˣڷǽֵϣ˲֮˵ľ˶һľ
Ͼǰڷ£νǺ
Ҫȥߣ

ɨһܣ룬á
ûʲôˣȻ֣ȴ徲ڳһƬСУûޣֻһЩͨĶһЩͨĻݣյͦ
ܿ죬ɫð
»ص丮ϦСԺ
վ
ʵ
ȥǱסǰǸסӦûûɡ

룺丮Ȼڡ
ǵ˵ͷ
ѭϤ·ܿһСǰСӣ첻ɵ¶ЩЦ⣬Լס˺ü¡ҡҡͷƿţΪûס˲ٻҳ
򵥴ɨ£ǰķ
һʼתļ
һ;ʱ޿̶ġ
ˣ
â⣬˿Եúܿ顣
Źȥһʱͣ
ͣһС˼ʯȡ˳⼸öʯնʳãʱΪɱ¾̫࣬ľ˼Ӱ죬ûʱ̬࣬
ʲô

ļʯ䣬ĺöӦòٰɡ
Ԫһöʯ䣬Ƿ֣öʯڲĿռЩˣʮŵʯı⵹ʹǰһһǿԻһʯˣȻǺ¡
˶٣콫ⷽʯڵĶȫ˳һ󣬷Ķ治ף鵤ҩľͲ˵ˣҲнǧһڱֵνˣЩһԼֵǧˡȻⲢ춯ģǣѰһͲ似
ң罣׷i
ҵʯɡ

罣׷iʶ似ֵǮҲ򲻵
ͷȡ⼸öʯ䡣
֮Ѱ˶μҵıԪΪʶͬʱҲһʶǹ似ǳסöʯʱѰ˽ҵĺ꽣ԼһЩ似ǷףϾĴзš
ǲǲ׵ջˡ

ϼ£⼸öռָ֮ļֵԺ
˶٣Լϵʯȡ£˽ҵһöʯ䣬ʯҵʯаʮһЩõĶԼʯƳ֮÷ŵҵöʯȻϣҲװ˽ȥ
һУ쳤һҲǵϢˡ
ļ죬ʼϦǽת˸飬ͬʱɽҲ˸߽߳һ죬ٴλص丮ϦΪЩ˯ˣŷ쿴һۣ͵Ĺâ
ιˡ
Ʋ졣
ЦЦںã档
ˣһ㶫

˵ţȡСֱΪԪ꽣׷iʶ
ǡ
ֻǿһۣ¶ɫȻЩļֵ
丮ӦûʶĹ似Щ͸㣬ǿȵʶܷӳȫ

֮ǰ˲ʱ䣬Щ似¼˼ݡ
һЩģ
Щȡ
ʶ似ֶڱ׹ǼֵǮҲ򲻵
ġЦ˵ţʯȡһݸ棺ǱȻֻƷΣԽսɡ
ۣ졣
Ҳġ
Ц
淭ۣȴǲû׷ʣӹǻϲ
ЩһС͵嶼ۺˡ
ҾͲ˵л˹
Ƥ
ݸϵлΪ£ԶЩܱ⡣
ϣʦ绪ïݵúԣ
ߵ
֣̬Щ
գѰʯ罣࣬μҵʶǹ͸ʯȻʶıԪҲǸΪ˳¼һݡʹʯ־ϲѾﵽ۷壬ȱʶ似
ֹȥһ죬߳丮ױ
ףСֵܣ
ױǼõ˾ȡ
ϣڶ¥𣿡
ʵ
ڣ·
æ
ãԼȥͺá

¥Ǽ䷿䣬š

洫һԼ
ЦЦ˽ȥڣʷʲô
ϣ
ЦŴк
ڷǵʱҲǸٷ㣬ȥʳʱǽѡ˵ʱ͸ܸмػطǣȻ￴һ
ʷ̧ͷ󣬶һ
Сֵܣʲôʱ˷ǣ
ʷ졣
ջá
Ц
һ̣ǸоһζƮ˹ֱۣ˶ϣκˣεεĵõܵܣ²û㣿


207 ǰ
Щգʱ֪ôشˡ
ɰ
һЦ˿
ʷ֣Сֵܣû뵽Ȼˡ
ͷһ
ջãϱҪ뿪ˣ뿪ǰһ
˵
еģһ
Ц
죺
º쵹Ǿã໥ĹϵЩ̸⡣
˵õܵܣڻʳֳĶС

Ϊ׹һ̼壬鱨Ȼǿڻʳ£ڵһʱ֪ˡͥ壬ʱίʵòУϾ̫ˡ
С
Ц
лУܵܣǽıม
ۡ
ЩΣԼôͳ˽ˡ
ˣ㡣
ȡݸѾòⶫˡ
ôЧɣ
ЦЦ
Чܲ

ʳǣŷ֣ԭǱ׹һ̼һλС㡣ھ۱ʱⶫȷʵٷ㡣
ûôлл㣿
գգۡ
һЦȻ
˵ţȡһöʯ䣬֮ݸв似͵ҩ徳ʶУԭǺ̼壬ⶫ㣬ӦܹͬʱΪһ壬ﻹаɣ
һɫʱ
ӹʯ䣬Ԫעһɨٴδ󾪡
ҵĹ罣似
¶⡣
ԱߣʷҲǶݣСֵܣ⡭̫ˡ
ҡҡͷʲô
Щ似͹òϣЩдѾЩ似Կȵ֮λҵУΪʳǵһ塣һ뿪׵۹ϦİΣԵõı֤һϦ
񣬽Ҷ֪˵ʲôˡ
̾
ȷʵأص
лѣ𡣡
Ц
죬漴չһЦ¶̬֮ôҾͲ˵ţʯĴϻۣ֪ڻʳǷ£֪ʯҲûʲôֵ
ˣ˵㱻ĳŵվڿˣ
ʷͻȻ
ͷȷʵٹãұҪ뿪׹ǰУλҲǺʹʱ𡣡ʷ֪ǿ߿£֣ϾʳѾк֪ܶʷΪҵĵɽ֮һȻڷǣǻʳзʲô£ȻҲ֪
Сֵܹʮѣ˳ɾ͡
ʷ̾
Ϲˡ
Ц
ױʱһù󣬱ǡ
ȥУãһϤĹա

ʱԵú֣ء
лˣ
ͷ뿪ױ
뿪ױȥ˷ǵĿʦᣬ͸˻ԭøϲĲУҪΪڶʦ֮󣬹ȥһʱӷǿʦ߳ž丮ȥ
ңң丮ʦᣬϦһԺܺõĳɳ

뿪׹ǰҪΪϦһС
ص丮೤ϵСԺ
磡
Ϧ棬죬ʱϲ
ǡ
ЦĸϦԴ
һСŮʲôҪ
ǰһˡ
Դˡ
ЦֻһȤ
ʱʼϦ棬һ֣һ̤࣬һȥץͼҰޣһȥɽϲժҰĺܿġ
һ죬峿׼뿪ˡ
ͬһǰ㣬࣬ʯ棬ʷ˶͡
ĵȥϦչˡ

ͷǸм֮ɫ
ӣϦԴЩǸĵСϦһҪúõġ
ģСϦѾˡ
ϦСԴ
ЦžСŮǳˡ
վˣһһͷ⡣
λټãͰиˡ
˵
ġ
ڣѾͷһί
ȥС
˵
ͷԾϱϦ棬̤ȥ
̳תۼ䣬ӰʧԶ
꣬һܼһҲˡ
̾
Ϧ뿪ķ򣬱һһģȴûͬϴΰޡ
СϦȥˡ

š
Ϧܹɡ
ǣϦͳž丮ȥ

ӷǵʳǣǺķʱ䡣
ʳǣʱò˴󾪣Ͼڻʳ¿ǿƾ춯أûм˻᲻ȣΪÿһ··һͷħһ㣬ǵһѡ
쵹ǲ⣬Уܿ
븮УԺָнݺᡣ
Ͼʹﵽˡ
쿴ż꣬
Ȼע⵽죬ֻǲûô⣬Ǽ꿴˹
ˣ
һϲӭ
˲䣬ǶϿˡ
ЩΣƺĴϲɨһۡ
ٸֲĴ
ôٺ𣿡
ʵ
ˡ
ЦЦ
룬ȥǣصǵ˲ӡ
Ǿͺá
Ц
䣬ù˺صȴǷϾƹķǾζ
ι
ü
ʦϾƹιʲôϾƹͣѾ׼˰ɣ죬ǰţС˺ʦͬС
ͬУ
΢ɡ
ϾƹĹȾڲ̫ԶҲͬͬС
ͷԭ
˵ﵽڣҪʱ䣿
Щ档
նУʮ죬ǺԣΪ㣬ǱֻܼҪһҡ
Ͼƹ
ôá
΢
ϾƹƲ죺ΪҺԺһ¾͵ˣ
ͷϴϥ
ͦڷܡ
Ͼƹ˾䡣
峿ù緹߳˽˽˳
˵Ҫȥˣ
˫۷Ź⡣
һߡͷ˵ţʯȡöԼǰùĪҵʯ䣬ʯ䣬ӦòİȻװʮƾһЩݵҩʲôģʡŵá
˴ϲлл򣡡
ӹʯ䣬һ
ԺһЩ似͹Ҫ

ţģ
˱֤Ƶĵ
ݸһЦһ˻˴ȥ֪ˮڹһֱʱ»صڡ
һҹǺܿȥ
峿ϾƹһվԺǱƥ
ӷ߳ɣһ
С꣬ú
Զɽ
үүǣС겻ʱһҪغ塣
С
ҪԶ԰ԶЩġ
ԶɽԴοģүүϰ֮ˣӹǻӲʡ˵ţԶɽ죬СֵܣԸһ;ߵĸԶ
лϽ

ڼԶɽǺġ


 


208 
𾡹ܻ˸УȴܻҪֿͼԶɽϾƹһƥȥܿ뿪˻ʳǣһ·Ŷȥ
֮һ۱ǰ¹ȥ
֪ͣͣѾԶ˻ʳǶԶ
Ҫһ£
Ͼƹ
ʱֵҹһƬСڣͣЪϾ˺ҪϢ
ࡣ
Ͼƹ
ͷһľϢ
±ʵҲͦۡ
峿һ˼·
ˣܿһ¹ȥ
һ죬ǰһƬ嫵ɽһɽޱΡ룬ԶԶȥǰԼһ¥̨ͥ󣬸һֺصĸоͥ㡣
ˡ
ϾƹͻȻ
ǰ΢΢Ծ
ֹסƥɨϾƹһۣżĹȻǰ
˵ţ˼һߣȻǸʱʱ䡣
죬գգ۾
ǶŬ

Ʋ죺Ǹӣһ㶼˵
캹գЩ˼
ߣţߵûڸĹâԥ£ǰӵ죬漴ӰԾ
ټ
˾䣬ˡ
ɨһۣżȥܿʧԶ
춨Զһʱ䵹Щ
ˣѾûӰˡ
Ͼƹ
ͷߵϾƹߣϾƹһǰȥ
ģͤ¥̨Եú
ֹȥ֣ǰһ͵ʯףʴԼʮбϣаɡ֮ϣƣƮһ䣬ȥɾһ㡣
棬Ƿڣ
ʵ
ϾƹͷҲĿǰ
ЩȣţɹȻһͥ
ʱϾƹļ򣬵Сӣȥɡ
һ㶣һȥ
Ͼƹȡһźһֽݸţ㽻ִãŻ㰲ţ⣬ֽǹڷڵĸϢúÿμסһ仰źǿǾȴԶп̡
ιϼһʲô˼
üͷһ
µһ˲䣬ϾƹӰȴֱʧˣֻһЦߣͽĵȥΪʦѰȥˣп㡣
һˣȴǸҲˡ
@#%
ֵĳ嶯ϼһȻԼˣ
еźֽ˶٣ձֻóǰȥѾˣܲ߰ɡ
ܿ죬ʯǰ
ʲôˣվס
˺ȵ
ʯǰұߺмվһ꣬쿿м˺ֹ
ˣɵ΢ˣΪȻ磬Ѫʢ
ٴΰ̾ţɽĵӶǿ
λʦֺã·ʦ֮ǰڡ

˵ţϾƹȡ
ϾƹⶫŶȻá
ʯǰмǰһɨеţ漴ʱݡ

ٴ죬ıˣЩŹ֣Щ졣
˵ţ˺úɽԼȳϵȥ
΢ɣȴҲûжʣһ𣬳ʯϵȥ
ԵʯףԽԽϣǸоϡ¶ҲԼʮɵʱ쳯ȥʱüһ˿·ҲЩͷΣʯ̫ˡ
عͷһԼƽ
ǰע⵽ı飬ЦһʵʯףҵҲˣȵպ߸ΣҲϰˡ
ͷлʦѡ
޷
֡
ܿ죬ʯף˷ڵĳ
ŷڣЩ˸ȫסˡ
̫ˣ
̫׳ˣ
ǰոȥ׵ԺʱڸпԺĺ嫹ɴ˿̿ŷڣŷ֣׵ԺСЩ֣ڣб׵Ժʮ
һɨȥŲٷڵ߶Щ˵Լʮңȴʮ㣬ľȻ졣
ţ
찵
߰ɣҴȥִá
Ц
ع鷳ʦˡ

ҡͷ
ƹһСúһΡ¥ǰ
̧ͷͼִ֡á
곯ǰȥһߣһִͣãרŴµӵĸ罱ʹȣµŵȣִڴ
ͷһִá
ִڣһߣĿһɨһ˾ȻʶڣңȽҵǿٶʶؾ
ִ³ϣλСֵܴλ˵Ŷ
ǰһ˵
˵ţͷ
Ȼ˼ǰһȡݸмһߡ
̧ͷɨһۣͫ׵һ
ԱߣҲǶݡ
˶һۣмȡһöݸ죺ڿʼǷŵӡ˵ţ꣬ȥסѰһס
ǡ

Žһ˳ȥ
ԶȥıӰноâ˸
벻ǸˣȻӻݴǸˣ䱾˴ԼҲʮ겻ٷˣһͻȻӻƷҪˡ
˭֪ء
¸ϰɡ
˵

뿪ִúһ𣬺ܿһƬ
ȥһľݺȥǺܼ򵥣ȴǳһȻϢܵĻǼΪľеȱ׵Ժǿࡣ
ŵӵסշѡһװɣˣҽᣬҲסѡúٴȥͥȡµԴ
Ц
ʦˡ
л
˵ţǰɨһۣѡһľݡ
ľڵĲúܼ򵥣һľһľС䣬סԣǱȾ丮Ҫ硣
ʿһ;ƽռ̫ݳޣԽԽá

ͷ˵ǼΪͬ
Ѱסһ𣬳ŵͥȥԣڵĵӣÿ¶ȡһεҩԴӵĵȼԽߣ쵽ĵҩҲԽԽãЩҩŵĵͥȡ
ʱͥ
ŵӣȡʮöٹȵöԪö񵤡ٹȵȻʣһһöӡԪЧԪ񵤣ǿĵҩպʶдá
͡
Ȼİ£ԽȡԼµҩ
֮߳ͥסȥ
ӦѾϤ˰ɣԺԼˡ
Ц
лʦ֡
л
ʱһЦӵǰ
ᣬλģո˵ҩɣʵ
Ϊ׵һЦ


209 ҩ
춢ǰˣüͷ΢΢
ɫ̫ÿΪ׵ˣʦܲŸյţǱ̫֣
ΪǺ¡
ʼ硣
ߣһԵЩͷᣬī˵ţ죬Сӣʵİ쵽ĵҩ򣬱ԼȡȻǵȵǸʱܾ͵ܵˡ
ǣ
ɫ
ƫͷᣬô£
ŵӼ䣬ӵԴ˾;¡
Ųܣ
ü
ֻҪ˴Уһ㲻ܡ
̾
΢㶣ͻȻϾƹ뿪ʱ˵Ļţп̡
ȷʵͦпᡣ

˵ûУһ곯ǰ
ЩΣʦܣȰѵҩǰɣ˵ʵǿѾأǲǶ֡ǻЩٹȵָ֮һЩǿӦܶȹ£´СЩǡ
ڣûνĻʳµӶԱٹȵա
٣ᣬʶࡣ˵ţǳȥֵСӣԹԵĽɣ̬ȺһЩ´ǱֻҪһ뵤ҩ
ϴЦԵã·Ǹ켫Ķݰ㡣
ޱ飬ֱ̧ץס˵

һ죬ֱӱŤϡ
ʹƺһŭ죺Ҷ
飡
̧һţֱڻ긹ʱöԷɶԶ
һĻ˽Աɫ
ʦܣ⡭
ἴǾȣżû뵽ȻֱӶ֡
쳯ǰһоǺ£ǣʽľҺᡣ˵;ûаϵ޷Ǿǿ۸߰ˡ
쳯ǰȥһ
˶죬ɫǱ
Ҷ֣ʶ̧٣

Ļ£˶ʱȥֽǺ顣
˾Ҫ˵ľ򣬾ȻҶʦֶ֡
һӵ
ʦܣСģٶȺܿ죡
ѡ
ˣ
ЦѾǰһȭѹ
ȻҲʱͻȻɫһ䣬һֻƴԼ˹
ž
ΪӵɳȥݻѪˮ
󣬼ͬһʱ䣬˸԰һƣӰ㵹ɳȥ
Զ
⡭
ᾪסˡ
ӵٶȺܿ죬ΪҲأټ˶صǿߣһνǿȴһɲǱͱˡ
ŲŵӣߵĴ֣˹
ˣӵĵҩˡ
ţôˣ
⡭
˾ȡ
Щ˶ŵӣ˵ȻǺϤڣЩУв˶ҩ˸򵥣˿̣Щ˼ųȴ˶˴ɣȻǲ졣
죬ɫ
ôӦѾ˰ɡ
죬
˵ţһɢΪչɡ
ܣ˶ݡ
˳Ŀȥ˶졣
ˣƺѵĵӣ
Ӧþˡ
ˣѵѵǱ˴ˣ
ɣǼ˵ʵɲ
ǻǣڶˣʵŽǰʮ壡
˵
죬ܲ˶ҡͷ
ˣóԿͷˡ
̾
Ŀ䣬ϵƼǿصĶĲҪһЩһǿĿХΪˡ
Ҫʲô
ɫ
µһѵ֪㡣

˵ţһ졣
ʱǰһΣһӰѾվǰ
㡭
ɫ
Ӱ졣
ޱ飬ֿסĲӣ̧˹ȥ
žһʱΪ
㡭
ž
鵭Įն֣һغݳ顣
Ƭ̺նѪˮĭɡ
һʼҾһٵľ򡣡

˶ˣֻԴ죬Ƭ̺Ųҽг
̫ˡ
̧ȣһ
һɳȥݺײһϣ˹ȥ
⣬⡭
ĺˣôǿ
ҵ죡
һĻ˵ɴ˫ۡ
ʵǿڵʮȴôױ㱻ѹˡ
⣬ĵӣ
˿Һ
ӵ˱һһķɣȴǲûͬǰʣ˿̼һĻľǸɹٴͬŵҩĹȴǲ뵽һξȻߵ壬ǸµӣʵȻ¡
ߣ뿪
صˣǾǶ֡
ﬣ
һ˽űߣնһĽۣļæֹסŲ
ߣ
䵭
ЩĲǻ궢죬㡭
ǲҩڣϵĵҩȫ¡

ԣɫһ䡣
Ѿǣ̫֣
ɫࡣ
мһǰ̧־һơ
žһѪٴκɡ
ΪǺ¡
쵭Į
⻰˶ɫѿ⻰֮ǰ˵Ļһֲ
˶죬־־ŭ
ı齥һɺɢսҵԡ
ȺУ˽ǲʱգϵ˵ҲǧȺɱĶһܿס
˲Žеҩȫ˳
Ҳˡ

Ҳӣ´ͳĵҩȫŵ˵ϡ
͡Щˡ
ҧ
쵭Įɨۣ
ɫֻ࣬оޱȣȴǰ㲻ͣ첽뿪
ܣȺһĻǽһʡ

ˣȻ˵ҩ
ˣ
Ŀࡣ
콫ϵĵҩ΢΢һɨмСƿıٹȵԪмʮöҲʮö
ʦ֣ȡһЩɡ
ǰ
֣òá
죬оȣɵðǸ˴ĵӣ£
ʦܣԼסɣӦò⣬һȥɽֵңŵɽա

һ㶣𣿡
ͷЦɽһŵӸÿֻһˣÿʮˣʮУʯ״ѲطԺҲ
ͷԭ
ᣬһ𺳵Уصס£ʯȡһֽϾƹ뿪ǰĶһ


210 
ֽ̫Ϲһͼɨһ£ƺǷڵɷֲͼϾƹڸطдעͺһЩ
䳡ϵִãͥ󡣡
һһȥ
䳡ϵִú͵ͥǲö˵ԼѾ˽⣬쵹ɨһھ丮ľ¥ڣ÷ŵĹ似֮أִ³ϰء
ЩǷҪɣ
ɨȥԼࡣ
ϿǺ֣ȣ١
֣ͦࡣ

濴Ͼƹµע͡
Ͽλڷ֮һƬ嫵ԭʼ֣ȦΪĥʹáϿŲǿޣһĵرǷµΪҪ֮һÿնǰ
Ǻλڷڶ࣬һظ꣬ڵĴʼĳλǿĿʦӡ༫µķܹͨǺӣʹеĵӼĥԼʶǶıء
֣һͻþвݻޣݻͬǿߣܻûе߱ŵо
ȣλڷ棬һƬ֮ڱ׵ԺߣȻеŨȴԶǱ׵Ժ߿ɱȣңȷǳԼзԲңÿһϵǿ
٣λڷڱ࣬һ޴ٲˮʮɣž˵ĺһǿҲԳܡңڿӡУҪʱ̳屶һĺȥ
ƬȴǺҪʶΪܽ⣬طûκơ
ţڣûκʱϵơ
찵
Ҫ֪ھ丮ͱ׵ԺԴ϶ʱϵƣϾһҪķѲǷȴƣǺƣҲֻΪʶµʿҲûãк
ٴοȥǷڵɣ̫ϳһˣһˣĿǰˣΪǴվΣ̫ϳǿαŵִ£ִ¶Ǵʶ磬ŵĸճˡ
ŵӣŵӣŵӣĵӡ

ڵӴԼˣУŵռ˴룬κƣŵӹ̶Ϊʮˣںĵӣ̶ΪˡŵӺͺĵӣҪﵽʶΪûʸ롣
γΪŵӺͺĵӣϾƹҲϸĽֱͣҲܼ򵥣ҪΪŵӣҪΪﵽʶսһԭŵӵˣʤˣս߳Ϊŵӣս߳ΪŵӣˣôΪŵӣҰڲٽκս
ŵÿ¿ȡĵҩٹȵʮöԪʮöʮöŵӴѡҪ֪ٹȵȻʲôɹԪȴΪ񵤣ֵޱȾˡ
ͱ׵Ժƶȵ޼
źĵӵĽȥһҪһŹֵνŹִֵ׳һЩԼѰ似ȣ׳޺˵ȣ׳ҩȣԴۻŹֵ
ŹֵﵽһȣΪﵽʶʱǿκһĵӷսʤˣս߳Ϊµĺĵӣˣɾԭλڲս⣬ΨŵӲʸսĵӡ
ŵӣĵÿܹȡĵҩܵõųϵֱӽ̵ΪҪǣһεˣֻĴĵѡζ
ĵӣרסأ⵹ͦݳޡ

ɨֽһۣ췢ַڻ̨ŵӼìܣڽֹӼ໥ɱŵӴУֻҪ̨ûƣһ̨
̨˼

˶٣콫ֽڷڣѾ˽ˡ
Ŀǰ˵ŵİٶˣŵʮˣĵˡ
֮ӵȼԽߣôԽࡣ
̧ͷ⣬ɫѾеǳ˸ǣϥתļԪٶȱ죬ֱȥһʱľﵽ۷壬ͣ
Ϣ
һϴ££˫ۡ
;һ£ȷʵˡ
ܿ죬һҹǹȥ
գ𴲣ľӭųɣ漴ǳȥ
׼ȥʶ¸
ȥֿ

λڷϲ࣬߳סǳŻȥ
ȥֵ·ϣ;вŵأ󣬲˶һ
Ǹӣ
ˣ䵤ҩȴǱݺݵһ٣Լ˵ĵҩ˶ȥ
۷壬ôͬʱˣ
м٣
⡭
˶죬۷׷ס
ͨ˵ĵӣⲻ˱һЩϵᵤҩʼԵúܾȺڣȻһЩѾܾõŵӣҲᱻǿĵӶȥ񵤵ȣŸȴǽᵤҩ˺ݺݵһ٣˵ĵҩίʵЩľ
˵ŵһӻԹϵӻԣ᲻ᡭ
ٷ֮٣ӻԻĶ֡
˵
ô϶
ϻӵĵҩУһ񵤺͹ԪǽӻԣĴ˵˵ĵҩ˵һҪӻԣ˵ӻס
ӻԿǴﵽʶ˵ڱչأ׼սŵӣ
Ҳ֪ʶȲεǿߣʰһʿǼ򵥵ͬˮԷһ㡣
ģҪ
˵϶Ҫˡ
˽ҡͷ
ĿﵽĽˮ׼ޱǿᣬȻЩ˵Զ˶٣ȴǲûô⣬Żֶȥ֮󲻶ʱ˻ڣвŵڽ
ְֲͬһƬӣֻΧż޴ûִءҲͣ˽ȥ
ʼһУ췢ܵĳʱˣһĳǳǳһͷͷڴУŲڼ׵ߣжűУǵǽɱϢܾˡ
ΪҪǣ췢лŲŵӣЩӣ֮ǰڻ⿴Ǵ˿̣ȴڻҲˡңĸ֪ԣЩ˲ǻݻǴŽеĵӡ
ĻþӼ侹ȻЩˡ
΢Щ졣
Ҫ֪丮ͱ׵ԺȻҲл󣬵ȴ޷ø໥ܿԷôֵĴҪȾ丮ͱ׵ԺĻþ߼ܶ౶
ʱ΢΢üоһɭĿԼϡ


211 ӻ
ƾŸоһȥһվ
ɫ
ɨһۣҲ⣬ǰȥ
쵰
ıӰлһĨ֮⣬˳ȥ
ǳЩϾɣУܿһͷͷ޵Ϯ
𣡡
ǿ߳ɱ֡
ɨӣе޺Ƕǿ󣬾޶ԣ弶ޣҲǿǿߣһѷΪ¡
ֻǶͨʿ˵ڵԣⲢʲô
飡
飡
飡
Ӷȭλ޺һһɱ
ȥʲôˣһʮ
òǸĵӡ
ǡǿ
˶Ǹ򣬽Ĳ
쳯ƬϳȥʱǿĺХһͷ鲼źɫۼ׵޳֣һ˫Ѫ죬ǿһɫ硣
˼ޣ
΢
ûԥŲһ٣ֱӺ˱ܿ
˼ޣԿʶǿˣΣǶ֡
֮Ƭڣһʱһʱڣɱʮͷޣ弶ǲᣬڰ˼ޣΣһһͷżޣë
þﵽʶС

ֹȥСʱӻ߳׼ǰ
ʱǰˣһ˺Ȼ
ʦ֣
ָҧ
ԱվһԼʮҵ꣬
⡭ӻԣ
ŵһˣ
ôˣڱչص𣿡
꣡ǱǸµûУӦǳ
⡭
ܣ˶ݣ˼ɵĶӻԡ
ӻޱĶ죺ҵĶӻԭڱչأȴǱҵ׼͸񵤺͹Ԫȥ񵤺͹ԪȻʶǿҲв׵ЧӻȻͲˡ
ĮɨһӻԣԹԳȶȥﵽأȴδ׽ƣɻҪҪȴﵽ۷壬漴֮۳ʶ
ȻֱԼӻԵɫʱ
һӻǰ
㻰û𣡡
ӻԺ
Ǹֻö˻⣬ù·
쵭Į
ۼŲŵӣ˿̼һĻһ
ǸһȻӻǹ
ǿӻԣʶ

ҡͷ
˺һʶʿ˵ⲻҲ
ӻԵɫһĨɫһƳա
һЩݣĿ˻
ޱ飬֣һץסӻԳֵ
ӻĿһʱ¶ɫ
ݶ
ɫĮ
ӻһ𣬰Ԫɢѿ֣С㡣
ܣȺЩ죬û뵽ȻܹʶӻԵһơ
ղһʵһֻܱϣͲ𷣡

ղţӻԵһƿƼ򵥣ȴԪǻʿӣûκܽӵסᶼᱻض𵴣һɵӷˣһЩҲǲܵ¡
ӻԱ鵭Į㲻ֻǸŵµӣʶʿŵһžӢݲΪãŸ˭仰˵ɱΣŻΪһ˵ΪһɾӢ
һһĨʱ
һ룬ͻȻϾƹĻܽĺܾ٣ǿȴܲп̣ܲ٣ھ丮ͱ׵ԺûĸӵҹȻ֣׵ԺĽҲΪŸǰ¡ӻŵıӻɱŻ治ʲô𷣡
ô˵ȻŲýͬŵӴ˴еĹأһЩΪǿĵӷ£ΪҲһֻ۱һֻۣ

ӻɫĮΣ
ǰ£
Աһӡ
ӭӲɵõͷȻȷʵ
Ȼ˹ǡ
˵ʵûκιأͨһǣǿ棬̭˭ȭͷ˭ǵǲɱͬţʵҲûκιϵ
˵·ַ·ѯˡ
ܣһЩĻȻɫ΢б仯ȴδ̫Ӧ
Ȼ
ЦȴǴһƷ̡
ӻԿǰһ䵭ͦ죬ϧˡʱӻɢһ⣬ʶǿߵɢ˽Ĳ
Դˣ˿ûзӦ⡣
ƺûӻԵĻӻԣڳһɸϢҲ˵ɱ㣬Ҳûκιϵ԰ɣһʱɫһף̲סɱ
ʱȻӻҲɵöݡ
Ϣ̫ɭˣ
ʲô
һ
ԶʶǿߣΪڵִ¡
ӻɫһһˡΪŵһˣӻʵףڼΪΪҲɱͬţͺñȸղŶְ㡣ִǰӻԶٻǵһЩ
˵ţӻתԶȥ
ﬣ
ʱһâնӻԽűߡ
ɫ䵭ߣô򵥡
һĻط˽Ǳɫ
һô£ò׼һȥƣ
ǡ
˶ҡͷ
ӻͣ½ŲĶ죬ʶٴɢ
춢ӻԣ鼫Ϊ䵭
ִǰɨһӻԣ죬ʲô
ֻǶӻԣֱˣ̨һ̨κ˲óָԤӻԣ̨ûȤ
ϲԿȻﶯֱŵִ¿ֹˣôӻֻ̨Ҫ̨κ˶޷ָԤ
⻰һ·һףʱһڵӸɫ
ɶ
ֱסˡ
˶죬һŹ֡
⡭˰ɣ
ѣȻʶǿ̨
Ҳôİǡ
˽ҡͷ
ִ¶죬Ҳüͷ
ӻЩ㶵Ķ죬漴ЦҲû뵽ȻôȤĻûȤӻ̫Ȥˣ
̨ң
ӻһŲ
һ̣׳ռĶˣô׳յˣȴǵһμΪһʶǿ̨ⴿԼΪ
ͬ͵ͷҾͼβ͹
һ͡
ԣеһ㶣µӣǿƣ
ӻɫȻҾ㣡


212 ̨
һ죬Ϣܿ촫˳ȥŵĵ죬ŵһӻ̨һսڶΪ֮𶯡
ŵĵӣȻǸӻһս
⡭ʲôȥ
ôɵİ
ԣһӦҡͷ
ӻô˵ҲʶǿߣŵһˣһŵĵӾȻӻ̨ûκΪ˿Ϊ
ִڣִ֪ȻҲ֪¡
Ǹˣδ̫Щ
Ͼͻأֻǡ
ȥɡ
˶ҡͷ

ڵ̨䳡ΪһֱʮҵԲ̨
ʱ̨ΧӰȫΪս
˶̨ϣָָ㣬۷׷ס
ǰ׳գ
ȺУЦ
ִõҲˣԶԶվһߡ
ɽϻأһҵ죬һʦܣ̫ˣ
޷зִ硣
Ц
䣬ƹһԾǵ̨ᱻ۸ӻڻ⽫£ֺҪɱȻƾ£ȻﶯֱִǾӻ̨
ȥˣ
Ǿŵĵӣʲôţ
ƺǽ졣
죬Ǻй
иƨãȻҪ̨ϡ
ҲǣϾӻʶǿߡ
̫çײˣ
ҡͷ
վ̨ϣƽӻԣ
̨ܣ˽Ƕݡ
һǿ
ֹ
̨£ӻԵıԵЩɱ⽻֯
ʦ֣ɵ

˵
Ӻߵ
䣬ӻԭһԾһ̨
ʱ䣬˶ֱĶס̨ϡ
ͬô׳յˣһǵһμ
ӻԵ
ӻԿǰʵȤȤķɵ
Ļ̫ˡ
鵭Į
וּһ齣Уʱâ֯

⡭
Ȼ
ϣʯ䣡
ģʲô˰
齣ʯ䣬ŵӶһ
һֵʯ䣬ŵӶԣȻ̫أһŵҲӵУڣʯ˲ָ֮
쵰ȻôУ
Ҳһ
ԶִõִµǺƽ֪ǱϾƹԶЩһҲ֣Ͼƹ͡Ƕ´ˣЩȫǿԼȡãϾƹûаϵ
̨ϣӻԶ죬ֲ̨֣һҪ˵̫ˡ˵ţһǿϢӻڳһ֪ҲֻܰУ
䣬ವһӻ졣
ÿ죡
̨ߣ˷
ﬣ
ʱһХâն䣬ӻˡ
ٴζ죬ӻ΢΢ݡ
Ӧͦ졣
ӻԵ
ޱĶӻԣһΣ˲ӻǰ
㡭
ӻɫ΢䡣
̧ȣһ߳
һܿ죬ӻԱϾʶǿߣ˫ֺǰ
Ӧͦ졣
˵
⻰һʱӻɫһ仰ղŶ˵ĻȻʱȴһֲĻñǺݺݳһǶ⡣
̨⣬һĻȺǲ졣
⡭
֣ҿģȻӻ
ƺϷ
˲졣
ᶢһĻ˫ĿɵԲ⡭
һ̣ᱻսסˡ
ԶִҲɵ΢
Сһȷʵһ㰡
һ˵
ӻȻ̨ܵ˵ɫǱЩֻһΣָϵʯ΢һһĳС
ΪŵһˣӻȻʯ䡣
䣡
һӻϵϢʱǣһĵʱɢ
ɰԵĵΧ߶ͫһ
߾ʶ似
׵Ϊأ˵ӻѾƿǰء
ˡ
˵
̨ϣӻԶ죬鵭ĮҳȷʵЩһ㣬Ҳ͵ΪֹˣΪһСʿܹʶչ԰ˣȻҲظоίҡ
˵ţӻϵϢøǿ
춢ӻԣϵı˿䡣
̧֣ƽһն
׽һɷ񣬼д̼֮ӻǰ
ܿ죡
ǿ
ӻɫһٻ֣նһǿĵ
âײһը
ʱٴζˣһӻԱȥ֮ܣ㲻ʶһضѣȲεˣΪ˲Ϊûɱ
Ļƽȴνһʯǧˣʱ˱ɫ
˵ʲô
ɱʶһصǿߣ
ôܣ
һ˵Ц
ǣʿôɱʶǿߣθһ
ҡͷ
ԶִõĳȴǶݡ
ѵģ
Сһô
ƺм٣ô˵ҲǸͻصĵӡֻǣôɱʶǿߣŶԷһϢʱµ£ɱʶʿϾʶǿʶʿɵС
˱Ź֡
̨ϣâٴ첻ǚiһȣ˲ӻǰһɨȥ
⣬ÿ죡
ƺӻԸ찡
ѣ⵽ôİ
Χľ
ӻԶݣбһ𣬶ʱ쵶
ֻǣܿϧЩȻǿ󣬵ȴ⣬ʱе齣ϻ׻ȼԼ䣬һĽХޱȴ̶
ն
͵һ쵶飬齣ɨ
һӻһȻ齣齣ǿֲȴ͸˹ȥĽ˿ȥ
䵭һն󣬲ͣٴϡ
ﬣ
׽âɨÿһնпͨʶ似
ӻԻæ𳤵߾ʵս
һ֪ʶʿʿı𣡡
ӻԺ
˵ţӻԵü΢΢һƬ֮󣬶ʱ䣬ĹٶҲǿ࣬ޱȿ·˶òһˣǽ뵽һΡ
ʶ
ʶʶǿߵս֪Ҳд
ӻԸ˵ĸоһˣ
Χߵ
ʱΧԸоӻԵĵõɲ
ףǸ죬񡭡û˰
ҿ⡭ƺûˣй
ôܣ
Χͫ׽
ԶִõҲͫһ
ȷȷʵʵȫӻԵĹòƲܲŶԡ
֣һ˵ʿûеס۷״̬ʶʿĿܰ˵ԼɱʶʿѵҲڹһսնɱ˶Է⡭
ѹΪǣȥ
˽ü
Ҫ֪ʶǿӵʶǺʿϵټ֮ʶǿ߱ľʶǿߣԣʿҲӦʶǿߵĶֲŶԣڣ쳹׵߸˵֪
̨ϣӻҲʱһ䡣
ŭһӻһ䣬һɿֲϢ͸
ǣ߾أԵ
ӻԣȻֱʹõصĵˣ
Χľ
ˡ
ҲʱһĮ
̧齣וּһ֮˸ͬ㻮̨
ʱ䣬ֲĵâ˲ʧӰ١
ۣ
һѪâƮڿУӻԵĸᴩǱĺɿȥ


213 
˵ıǱˣǿӻԣʶӻԣŵһ˵ӻԣһ̾Ȼһµһᴩ˸ѪȾ̨

ӻ־ŭܿȥ
ŸѪˮȾ֣ӻԵޱҲޱ𾪡
̨ܣ
ôܣ
ĲʶӻԣȻش
һߣҲǺȻ¶˼֮ɫ
ʦܡ
סˡ
ԶִõҲǶݡ
ȻǵնӻԣСһôģ
ѵпɿʶ
ӦòŶ԰
˽ü
̨ܣ˶ע죬һ󾪺
⡭
ţôģȻʶǿߣ
̬
˾ȡ
ʿնɱʶǿߣ˿ζͬξ㡣
̨ϣӻ˵ֻһ̡
Ϊǿǻͬȡͬŵӵĵҩµ˵ҩʱֱǹһҶȥ˵ҩһͬΪԼͬţɱͬҲ⣬ڣվȴģ
Į
齣һ˹ȥ
Ļƽȴòٵɫݡ
ȺУıʱúѿŭӡ
Ϊɱң
ӻ
Ϊܷң
ޱ顣
̧֣׽𶯣ֱһӳ
ﬣ
ֲϯϣ׻Ť
˽˽Ծ
ʿȻܹɢôǿĽƣ
ִͫһ
̨ϣӻԸɫ䣬üıøʶתӶеıӭ׽նȥ֮նڿС
ʱһӰѾƵǰ졣
㡭
飡
̧һţֱӻԸ
ӻԵɶȻȴǸӦʱ䣬ϣе齣ͬ۾㣬˷նʱӻƣӦԣƬְ֮˼ʱն鲻
ŵһ㲻Ǻ𣡡
쵭Į
Ļƽȴ˷̵ζ
㡭
ӻŭҲǱÿֲ
ȻȴûʲôãȻʶӻԵĵҲ˵졣
һ̣ٶȱԽԽ죬Ҳõ
Ĺ켣Ҳˣ·ʶһ㡣
֣ô£
Զִ¾ȡ
֪Ȼûдﵽʶ磬ȴһĽ׿ʦƾĽˮ׼һİ£Կͨʶ۴һȣ춼ʶһصʿ
ն
һ
۵һ׽һӻٴκɣٴαᴩ
ˮĹӻȥ

ܿ죬ҽӻԵһ۰ᴩһǰ͸Ѫ
וּһնһٴνӻԵĸᴩ
飡
߳һţӻԺɡ
ӻʶһصͨʶ첻һţһ̣һתǿץסӻԵжҲʹԼնֵ꽣⡣תۼ䣬ӻԱǱƵֻܡ
ӻԡˣ
Ȼ
Ǹµӣ죬
̨ܣ˶סˡ
ôᣡôܣ
ȺУɫѿʶӻԣȻƵĩ·
ͬסˣû뵽쾹ôǿ

ͻȻӻԷһŭֻһһԾ𣬾ǲų̨߿֮ϣµĵŵâȻû׹
һĻʱüͷһ
ӻԾȻųվ˿Уһ
ʶ似
еӵĽ
Ҳǲ죬ھص似
ţȻ
а
УӻԲųˣ졣
һĻΧ߽ҡͷ̾ϢСΣӻԶ첻֮أվڸ߿նâɣ׹Ҳ׷
µӣûʤϣ

̾
ȺУһĻɫǱ
ʦܡ
ᶢ죬Щǡ
̨ϣıٴαƽ̧ͷͷ
߶ȣʮҡ

䣬΢΢
ţʲô
Ҫȥ
ôܣʮɸߣʶǿ߶ȥ
ٵӽҡͷ
Ȼһ̣һ˾ȵУ쾹һԾ
һɵ˲ɣ
Ⱥ졣
һĻԶִ³ҲһŹ֡
һԾϾ̨ɴλãνʼ䡣
ǡ벻ͨһԴװʲôǸղżս֪սǿһΪɵӡ

ӻϣ죬Ҳ¶֮ɫ׳գ
Ӱ䣬·ʧȥƽ⣬һٴҡͷȻһ̣𾪵ıУȾڿкݺһ̤˾ȻһγŸߵĲȥһԾ˰ɶߣ
ôܣ
տ粽ⲻǿ߲ܰ쵽𣿣
ҵ죿
˼ɫ
ڿ粽һ·Ÿ߿ձȥ
˹һĻɫ䡣
һִ̣Ҳ¶ݣ˼Ķǰͬ˰㡣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ鵭Įŵڶصǚiһ·ϳ塣
ӻɫͱ䣬æ䣬гһͨ
ˣѾӻǰ齣ɱնӻԵĲӣ
׽Ƶš
ʱһֲԶնǿϢ˱ɫ
춯ݣһգһֹƺˣ̨ȥ
̧ͷȥֻϷһ߲һɢһɼΪϢҲʶΪ
䣬ִ£
ӻòǱִţ˵˼Ϊ̡
꣡С㣡
С
ӻһɣƫͷȥ¶һĨϲɫǰ
ıЩ䣬ɭȻĶͻȻֵߡ
ƺоĿ⣬ɨССͣ־˺ݶǸСħͷ
ɫʱø䡣
ݶϲҪĶ̨ҹԶһЩ

䣬һɱɱ͸ĿЩ䡣
˻
Ļڶսһ
ִ°һŵĵӣȻôִ£
ıʱССŵӣҶײִ£˵ţ侹ֱӶ춯֣һǿֲĵԥն졣
϶
Ŀɭק齣׽âȻǡ


214 ʵ
ֲĵǿѹȸ˶񾭡
䣡
׽âƽڽ
ʱһӰͻأǰ̧һƣֱĵ
ִ£ΪЩס
˵Į
춢ˣвɵһ
ǵƺǽְռŵִõеһˡ
ְȻһССŵӳͷͦѵá
ߡ
ã˵ŵˣƺҲŵӰɡ
ְ
ٹãŵӡ
Ȼ
㻹š
ְЦ
ٶ˵ʲô˵ӻԼԦȥ
ӻԻͷɨ졣
ɫһһi齣ݺһ
ʱְСһסְɣ㵲ס𣿡
Ųһ٣ֻǽյĸ˼֡
ʱ䣬ӻԱʧҰ֮С
ţ治˿أ
ʵ
̨Ŷдװףһ̨κ˲óָԤȻڣȴָ̨ϵĶԾӻԣְִҲǸ·º
ְ΢΢ü漴̾ǽʵĵطʵĹء
ЦȻʵĹأôֺαһЩϵĹأžôϲԼԼ
ʲô
ְЩá
콫𣬽ƽ΢΢ְһ񣺡ô˵Ŷлǰ˵ţֵǰ˼ұǿˣǷʱնɱӻԣն䣿
ԣְʱüͷҪô
Ϊʲô
ʵ
ְ룬ǲ֪λش
̾˿ְļ򣬵֮úŬͰѽյµǳɳ·ϵһľϵĥºˣϾշš
˵ţְԾ̨ܿʧˡ
ְ뿪ķ򣬶˶ٺӻ뿪ķ򡣶뿪Ǹú䣬ɱ˫н֯ʱһϾƹĻǿȴܲп̡ܲ
һΣЩ
þﵽʶΡ

˵ţҲԾ̨
̨ܣȺ죬ˢˢĺˣÿһ·Ϊȴǲ㽫ŵһӻԸɱǸˣǲã
΢㶣漴Թҡҡͷ
죬û°ɡ
ӭʵǿЩ£ȻܽŵһӻԸܣᵹǲ֪佫ƺˣǰǽʦܣڱǽˡ
û£ʦֹġ
Ц
һ뿪̨䳡ȥ
ʦ֣ӻ֮ǰʹõǸеô£
ʵ
ϡǵЩսߵƺǽ
˵һַ似ΪΪʶ𡣡ᵽҲǲ֪¶Ľ֮ɫֻҪƿܹһЩշУһٶȴ˵ǿ
ǣȡ
ʵ
΢㶣ڿ²С
Ϊʲô
档
͵Ϊʶ似Һʶ似һ似ֻдﵽʶΪҪʶԪ໥ںϡң似ԺӴŹֵһڲ磬ŹֵƺҲΪ㣬޷һܶһҲ޷
˵Լ¶ЩΡ
ͷԭ
ʱ߳䳡Ϊɽȥʯ״
ʱûǰסȥ;Ժȴһֱǡ֡ﵽվƾʶԪﵽշеĿģȷʵͦˡ
֪ǷӦÿ԰ɡ
뵽
Źֵǲ⣬˱׻ʳڵͦУң似ҩЩʯ࣬ʱۻŹֵЩ似ңò
úصסЩʼļ

գ𴲣һǰɡһ֮ڳһֱ仰ȷҲһֱɵϰߣңԸоȷʽɶкаԪĸ˳
ϣһϴ뿪סִȥ
ܿ죬ִã̧˽ȥ
ţϡͰ
һ
ְһߣ۾졣
ǰ˵Цˡ
Ρ
ְЦЦСһΪյ¹ڻ𣿡
ûУʵǵպɱǡ

ְεЦЦ⻹йڻ
˶٣ְʵ˵ɣʲô£ְɲΪΪ죬Ȼˡ
쿪żɽ뽻һЩۻŹֵһ
ڶһֶ
ְЩɻ
ѣõҲ޷ְܺ档
ûʲôǰһӦòƶһߵΪɣ

⵹ûơ
ְҡͷ
ǾˣۻŹֵȻһ

ðɡְ֣ҲȥˣŹֵۻʽкܶ࣬ңҩ޺ˣ似ȣԣʲôʽۻ
ۻô㣿
ʵ
һңۻһŹְֵ˶٣ֿڣˣҪһҪǧŹֵ
죺
仰˵ҪǧҲܶһ
ֱǿˣ
似͵ҩأô㣿
ʵ
ְһһڸۻķʽϸĽһǷ֣ۻŹֵķʽǺܿӣֱǹˡ
ҲҪάճȻ㶮ġ
ְЦеĵ
Ǹŵͦᾫϸ㡣
һΣгһϿʮ似᣺һǧҵĿʮ似ǧŹֵ㿴һ˻ʳ壬ܹɻǧҺʮ似ó
ְһӹϿ似ᣬЩȡ
꣬ͦаĪǳ׵ĳ壿
ְʵ
˼壬ġ

˾ϲЦְȻţְóԼݽΪ¼¼֮ݻ죺ˣǧŹֵȥһˡ
һ󣬹ֵʧǧҲ˵ڵĹֵԣһŹֱֵӱΪ㡣ԣһǽʱҪһһһЩ似ǵҩʲôĸãϾһҲʱûа취͵ǰԣЩ̫˷ѡ
ͷףûϵ
ðɣǱȥˡ˵ţְ죬ˣСһҹʾˣȻʵĵӣǵʱŹֵĵӵĻʮŹֵ͹ˡ
죺
ʮ򣿣
ֱתͷҲصĳִȥ


215 Ͽӻ
뿪ִã찴ϾƹֽϵĹڷڵϢܿһӵĸ¥ǰ¥ϷһľңԾ֡
˽ȥݽݸطִ³ϡ
һ
˵
ִ³ɨһۣü
Ȼִ³ϺְһʱһЩ졣
ԡ
ͷ
ִ³ҲͲ˵ʲôˣš˵ţϵڶ¥úȡһԼ糤ľᣬ֮ݸ죺ᣬסڻ𣿡
˽⡣
ͷ
ִ³ϱŹֵ漴ݽݸ졣

ӷ뿪ѭһ򣬲úһƬ޴Ͽǰ
Ͽ
һɽϣʴˣſȥϿλ·ʮҵλãһӶ쵽ȵףŵҪϿͨЩ£ͨҲΪ˷ֹ롣
ȻŵӣԲϿ
쳯ŷϿ·ȥֻŲŵӣҲȥûгɣһԾ£ڿҪ䵽Ͽײʱץסһߵȵڵϡ
Ķʲôˣ
˾ȡ
˶ʶĵӣ죬սӻԶսˡ
ɶӻԣŵһǸӻԣ
ɲǡ
ʱܲ˶ǲһľ
ʱѾǳŷϿȥϿҪɱĥԼҸЩĵط
ϿȻϿȻʵȴһƬ嫵ԭʼ֣żΪŨƬڣɨ£ǳһȥ
𣡡
ʱǿ޳֣
ͷļޣȻǽ쵱
ƫͷɨһۣŲһΣ˹ȥ漴ǰڵԣļʵ̫СˣֵȤûС
ԼһӺһƬտĲݵء
ˡ

Ƭݵأȡ˳ʼĶ
Ԫͨ˫עУʽĶγɳʶԵڣʹԳһ̶ȵٶתʶԸıԪնеĸ߶Ⱥͷ򡣡
ʶ˳
˶٣ȻΪʲô˵ֻʶǿ߲ˣΪм̶Ҫʶ˵ʶʩչĹؼࡣ
ٴοȥһСע⣬ĵȼԽߣʩչԽɼ򵥡һ룬ҲˣȼԽߣʹʿԪĸ˳ȻȻʩչͻ򵥡
£ȡ齣Ҫʼ
һͨ˫ȽԪע
һ룬ӽŵԪѶȻ治һĴ
ȭͼȭ似ԪתżߵҪ󣬹ʴˣڴӽŵתԪȻѶȣȴҲ̫ѡ
£쿪ʼתԪʹԪŽŵ׳ȥ
ģоŵױЩ֪ԪѾʼӽŵ׳ˣ漴ӾԪһķʽ뵽ŵ׵齣֮ڡ

ʱ齣ܱ΢𣬽ϵĿҶ忪١
Ϊǵһ׶εԣ첻ͬӻǰ㣬һԾϱʩչһ׶ΣֻȽ齣ڵϣԼϷ齣ɡ

粻ͣ𣬺졣
ˣ

ʼתһ֣ʹ˫Ⱥ齣ĽӴһ㵭ɫĻ漴ϵʶת켣ʼתʱ䣬齣ǿʼζ
ȻԴʶʹã
һĨâ
ʼֵͶ룬ԪһŽŵ׵齣ע롣
ˣһ۱ʱȥ
ʱĲиŬ£ڣ齣
һɡ
ɡ
ɡ
ɡ
ɡ
ʱ켸ѾһľĶȴټˣȻʩչܹﵽļ¸߶ˡңֻܿ齣ƶҵȷλ޷ơ
һ齣ʼȥ
Լʮңǵһ׶ɡ

ɫһ磬һٹȵٴͶС
һתۣʱȥ
ϿϿգԼʮɵλã齣վڰգֻҰޱȹܿԶڸ߿յޣ̸ܿе
վڸ߿յĸоǲһ
찵
پһɽ£žָоɡ
ܿ죬ֽȥ
ʱ콫ĵһ׶ȫɣУʩչʱǳķԪԾҲߣڵԪܹά齣ڿһʱ
ʼڶ׶ΣĿơ

ɫðһԲ¹˸߿գΪԡ
ûдӷϿȥһҹּȻõһǲȥġһҹڷĿƣٶȵĿƣֱʱǿƿ
˵ǿƿأΪͱ似ͬ似ԿΪҪʮٴεʩչ󷽿ɴﵽӦֵĳ̶ȣǲǳƿء
ˣȥϢ£ϰ

һһҹЩƣ͡
صţȥ黹ǻصסϢ
һ˯ҹ
ҹʱ֣תסת˼Ȧļľﵽ۷壬漴߳סٴ˷ϿڣʼҪһδεĥſԴﵽ¯࣬Ȼи

齣߿ա
漴ʼ齣ı䷽򣬸ıٶȣһϰ
ˣһҹܿȥֽ̫¡
ʱѾǵڶĻƻ衣
ʱԪٴεϰԽӵϤڣѾһɸߵĵطٶȺͷĿҲǱĵӦ֣˵Ѿƿľ衣
ˣԽˣȡЩﵽʶ磡

ʱƿʵ˵ٶЩ֣ҲΪ챾ǿʦȭͼȭԪƿޱȴ죬вôѧᣬһʶʿҲðʱС
齣ɨһۣŷءϿץһȥȻѾƿֱţȴû˫Զ
ʱһϤ
ƫͷȥֻԶӭΪ׵һˣȻӻԡ
ɰ
Цץֲɵ˿ڵϡ


216 ׷ɱ
粽ϣϿǰӭӻ˹ȥ
ӭӻƺо˺⣬̧ͷʱݡ
㣡
죬ӻɫú
ӻԱ߻վ꣬Ϊǲף۷壬ʱ˼ӻԵı飬죬ʱǲµЩʲôЩ˸
쵭ĮһЦһȥ
ʲô
ӻԳ
¡
ƽ
וּһ齣ȻС
ߵĶСʱܲٵŵһĻ󣬴󲿷˽Ƕݡ
ӻԶ죬кâֱɱңɱңӻȻңΪʶ磬˿оеɱ⡣
鲻䣬ֻһǰȥ
ʦܣŵӼ䲻໥ɱòҪ
ְɣ׷Ҳý
ӻԱߵ
˽ԴǰʮƽӻԵĹϵһϿ
̧֣齣һ𣬵һ磺޹صһȥוּһһ쫷ɨһɳӻߵȫ˳ȥ
⡭սʶӻԵˣǿ
ļ¡
ɨɵ꣬ɶǰʮˣΪǴ۷壬ȴȻһ͸ɨˣսһߵ˽Աɫ
ӻԵɫͬų֣Ǻôĵӡ
⻰Ҳ˵
һм
˵ţгһն
һֱӻԶȥ
ﬣ
ХһԵüΪ̶ƺնˣγһɫ˳
ӻǲ⣬ն߾â顣
ҾͿǸ϶ܸܲ㡣
쵭
˵ţӰһΣɲǼǳӻǰ
齣âһն䡣
ӻԳųӭϣʱһɰ˿ȥеѪ
һӻԣ
ǵԣģ
⡭
ļ¡
ǰսÿһŵӶˣЩЩڷϿĥ£Զһյսֻ֪˲˵𡣴˿̣ۼһ棬Щ˶ǱĲС
һӻԱȥ齣â˸绡ž졣
ӻԵɫЩѿĶ졣
£Ժһţֲ֣ͬùӳԣ
ӻԵ
ʱЦӻԣҪǰգڻңǿɱңڣ֪ԼҵĶֺ󣬱ҪţûоǺ쳾Щ˽СʦС棿
㡭
ԣӻԵɫʱ
ʱȴѾٴαȥ齣ϣ֮׻֮һֲ֯Ľϯǰ⣬Ϊ컹ܻŻصȥ
ӻɫﲻ̨
Σ̨ϣˣգ͵̨ϵһս
鵭Į
˵ţ͵齣׽Хݵһӻԡ
һԵǿ㣬ȻӻȫֵȴǱ˳ȥ
ӻԣȻȫ·
⡭
ֻ簡ôܽʶǿ߱Ƶȳ̶ȣӻԣƺƺһ㷴ûУô
־ɡ
ʵϣӻԵսȻȷʵ죬ȴر𣬱Ͼʶ磬ֻǣǰղŰУٴʱӻԶٻһЩӰԲŻм֮
˵棬ҪɱӻԣӻԣɲһӰ
ǰŵһʶʿžӢ
Ĳ
ʱȴһγӻԱ˹ȥ
϶ϲˡ

е齣һܼĽâٴκɨ
ӻԻܣһ˳ȥԶٶȶ죬ı㲻Ҫ̫ԸˣΪܴң˵ţӻһﳤһԾϣֱӼԦų뵽߿ʮɵλãò˶ݡ

¶Ľı顣
ӻվڸ߿գ·죬ǰҴ⣬С㣬ΪʤҴڸ߿ʮɵλãƿֵ似ɶݲնϣǣܵôߵλ𣿲ѣչڲ֮ء
ӻԵĻΧ߽ɫһ䡣
ڣӻȷʵ첻ܡ
ϻ˼վôߵĿУȴڵϣôֻΪӻԵĻӡ
⡭ǡ
һĵӵǶʱˡ
˶ҡͷ
̧ͷӻԣ˿䣬ԵüΪĮ
̫Ϊǡ

˵ţ𾪵Уһ齣ͬӻǰ㣬ڽ֮ϣʩʩȻֱֱŸ߿նȥ
ǣ
ôܣ

ѣôƿ
ѣѵΪ
ȫˡ
ֻʶʿ似ΪҪʶȻΪչ˶ֱ˫ۡ
תۼ䣬Ѿӻͬĸ߶ȡ
㣬ⲻܣ
ӻľ
ȻһЦһһУ첻ܣ
˵ţһն˹ȥ
וּһâϯХųӻѹȥ
ӻԱɫгһͨʩչ߾ӭնĽâ

һ죬ӻеĳֱƿм䱻նϡ
Ԧ齣ٱǰгһնĽâ֯һ潣ֱӻѹȥ·Ҫѵ֮նһ׽һǰ
㡭
ۣ
ѪƮڿУӻԱһᴩһͷԵա
ЦԦ齣ٴγӻԿӽҹѾƿصĵӦ֣˲ӻǰһն˳ȥ
ۣ
Ѫ֣ӻٴΰһ򱻹ᴩһѪ
ƺһӻԵɫüΪѿ־ֿŭ

ͨŵķţӻԱǼԦűɿĳŷϿȥû뵽ȻƾΪƿҶ̶ռ˴죬ΨһҲûˡ
Ӳˣ

䣬ŵ׵齣һɽ磬ɿĳӻ׷ȥ
׷ȥˣǡҪɱӻԣ

⡭
ļ¡
ʷϲûɱͬŵӣȴǼΪϵɱһЩƽͨµӣһȴȫ˹һŲʮµӣȻΪ׷ɱʶķŵһˣ˶Ŀɿڴ·ξһ㡣
Զͬӻһ꣬ɫȻҲǱˡ
죬ȥ棡
һ˼


217 նɱ
쳯ɨһۣȻ˳ȥȴ⣬һЩٶȣתۼֽӽӻԼ֡
գҿ˭ܾ㡣
䵭
齣̧֣һն˳ȥ
âХĿ˻ǰ

ӻŭնһǵ
һâ໥ײһ𣬶ʱһ˵ķ籩
鵭ĮԦ齣ٴαǰȥ
һĽͽȻһ㣬һնٽ
֮
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
һХϣ·Ҫռ㣬ӻԡ
ܼĽâӻȫ⣬ȴǰһʱѪˮ
ŵһˣǰҪɱңȴֻǻ𣿡
̡
⻰ӻŭӣȴǲǰսһ˽սж£濹⣬Ƕ֣սΨһѣڣֻԶԷϿϤ˦졣ʱ䣬Ԧų³ܿû뵽ϿУ˸
˦ң
Ц
гһâ֯ݺնȥ
וּһܼĽâ֪ն˶ľеͼ޻ֲ̿ѣ±
ӻԳɨһۣ첢δ˦Զɫʱøѿ


䣬һնڿһɽ磬㽫ӻԴӵɨ䡣
ӻʱʱնĿȻŶƬֵϤ˸ӣԴ˸жϣǣʧǣ첢ûб˦ô˸ܹȵ׷
ﬣ
ʱһɨ
նϣҶһƬƬ£ĵ涼Щζ
ޱ飬齣ٶȺתۼ׷ӻԼ֡
ҿӵʲôʱ򣡡
Į
˵ţгٴһնܼĽâ
ӻֻǹȫӣ£ܼĽâɨмûУʱƺһֻǣȴûͣ£ǽٶһЩֱֱĳŷϿȥ
鵭Į׷ȥ
ò˵Щˣʿٶһ׷һϣӲѾ˷Ͽǧɡ󣬿еԱŨ࣬ԼһΣյϢ֯ܡ
üͷ΢壬ܾòˡ
ʵ˵Ƭ֣ȷʵôϤӻȥһЩΪΣյδ֪ȻЩ
뵽ٱʵϣ֮ͬʱ˸һ
䣡
񱩵һһɾ˵磬ֱӻԶȥ
ӻҲǱһɫͱ䣬̧ͣг߾ӭȥȻ׽ʶ似ǽ׻֮뵽˽֮Уʹ֮ޱǿͨɵ
ӻԵĵ飬ϣݺײڲԶһϡ
ޱ飬齣Ծ£齣һӻԡ
٣
ӻǰǵѪ̵Ķ졣
һһ̱ǸоһΣյϢ
ʱͻأܼ϶Уգ֮ǽ֫Ѷ
۷ޣ϶٣һϣͨʶʿҲУѿԪѪⶼᱻûͺúܰɣ
ӻЦ
˵ţӻվĶ죬ȻϤǹ⽫Ӷʹ϶ٽϡ
ɨһܣһɫɫ䶯ͬǶһ㣬ƵԽԽĶ˶˫ֺ˫ţҪѳȥȴǷĺѿڣоԵЩ
˵ˣѲûãʵУ
ӻЦ
쵭Įɨӻһۣɫʼղı䡣
Ѿ˼ʵϣκЧ
Į
ӻһ㶣漴ǴЦһΪҪ˵ʲôȴĻԼڶˣ˵ʲôκЧʵ⡣˵⻰ʱӻһĶ졣
ˡ
쵭
£һʱ֡
ͻأֵᣬӻԲɵü
һ̶̣ĽХ鿪ʮ׽âնķ۵ĽϵȫնϣһصɫճҺͬʱһҽкŭӶǸ򣬸˹
ƫͷɨһۣгһذףͶ
ݣ
ذ׽֮֯ͬһʸݵĳȥֱûȺС
һҽд漴Щ趯ŵȫû˶
϶ٵıλǸ򣬴ʱͶذնɱ
㣬ôѳղʲô
ӻĲ
ûҪ֪
쵭Į
϶ͻأƣȷʵС鷳ѣǣǿʦתʯеļƾʱɳ漴е׽âĿ£ҪնϲǺܼ򵥡
˵ţһӻԱȥ

ӻŭһΣٴʩչߡ
ˣ
һ齣һһ貵׽âֱǰһɿ񱩵쫷磬ʱӻԺɣӳˤ£ٴײһϡ
ȣ
ӻſڣһھѪ˳
ҲʱһѾӻǰһȥһţûа飬ĹͷʱӻԲҽ
Һƴˣ
ӻԴ
񱩵Ԫϯӻץʩչ߾ն졣
ԴˣֻЦ
ʼ㣬һЩڣص㻹жս
וּһһնֱӽӻԵıɡ
漴ӳȭݺһȭӻԵ°͡
һͷٴӻԵ°ͶʱѾʣѪˮͣĴӿӿʹĻ
飡
һŲ£ӻؿڣӻ߹ǡ
סס֡ӻԲ°ѾʣѪˮͣð˵ԵúܼѣڣѾû˿ҡǱλǰţɱɱңҲú
𣿡
һĮ֮ɫ
齣𣬽˸ɭɭ⡣
ӻԶʱɫиֳŨŨľ֣ס֣˵ģλǰΪͽҪɱңλǰһŹ㡣ȵĿ־ӻȴ°Ѿʵʹﶼ˳
䣬һʶִ¶ѣΪͽܺ˲ǰʦһʸûС첻мǱϾƹţ֮ǰڻʳǵʱϾƹǿ󣬱ȷڵ̫ϳ϶ˣӻԾȻһʶִвʵǿЦӻԣĮɱ󣬱ֵ϶ˡ
㡭
ɱңұɱ㣬ܹƽ
ƽ
˵ţ齣ֱնȥ
ס
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ӻԵͷ­ʱб˳ȥ


218 ʶ
ӻԵʬڵϣѪζƮڿС
ģҰ޵ԽԽܿ죬ƬԻ谵Уʮ˫Ѫɫͫ˸׹⡣
ɨһۣܵŨ
а˼ޡ

ܵڿȴǲôżӣӻϵһöʯȡͬʱҲԷıʯ֮С
ʱѾ׿˹
𣡡
۷޻Ӷץ
һα˿ȥͬʱгһƾᣬ˲ϢʧӰ١
ʧȥӰǶסӻԵʬ
Ƕԣʳ
ʱһͷͷ޿ʼ
ʱѾʮһϣɨǰĿӻԵʬȺʳͬԶͷ­Ҳһͷ߼޸һȥ
лһĨ⣬һԶԶ뿪
ԼӺϿԵǧλõһɽƬû̫ڿµޣߵļҲΣ㲻ʲô
ӻԵʯжЩʲô

ӻԵöʯȡŲң޺˵ȣЩʲôǣʯоʮö񵤣ʮöԪ
ȺˣƽﻹûٸӻԹ׵ҩ
Ц
ʮö񵤣к˸㾫âǿıҩʶдãΪѾﵽжΣ۷ֻһ㣬һﵽ۷壬ʮö񵤣һٿʶ
ڵΪصȥԻĶ֣ⶼУֻҪﵽʶͻһˣսɱȲ϶ԷԱԡңɱӻԣ˻ȥܱⲻ𷣣ҴﵽʶٻţֲһˣӦҲ߿һۡ

뵽еľâʶٻš
ʮö񵤣ﵽʶ磬ҲͰµ¡
£ûгɣ߳ɽúѰһζĵطſƣʼΪֻǴжΣҪﵽ۷񵤷£ʶ
ˣ
ڵľԽԽӯ

ʱڡ
ӱչ߳õĵ쾹ȻڷϿɱӻԣʱŭʮӸϿʼӻԵټ
һʱ˷Ͽڰǧɵλá
ӻȥĵط
ӻԵʬѾʳǵȴŲѪһЩƬƾһ㣬ǿȷЩѪҺӻС
ӻԣˣ
ʱ䣬ŭ㣬ױЩɱⱩǡ
ӻԱߵĻ֮꣬ǰӻһˣǰʮǴ˿̣ŵϵѪ鲼˸ɫ԰ס
ѣһҪҳС
ӻţʱ࣬˲ųŵһúܳΪŵӣʱӻΪͽϤӻȴ㱻ɱڳĴ
һʱɢѰ䡣
ֻǣֱڶƻʱ֣һҲû˿ջֻλط
֮ӻԱɱϢֶߣŵӽԾ
죬
Щļ£쾹ڷϿɱӻԣǼ°
ͬʱѾȥһһҹ컹ûзأҲǵ
ִá
СһǡӦ˵λͻ˰ɡ
ְΡ

ʱŵĺܿ죬һۣʮչȥˡ
ϿڣһΪεĵطϥϵϢǿޱȣʮǰ
ֹȥʱƽ˫ۡ
۷壬ˡ

˼ΣԼƽȡСƿ
棬װ񵤡
Ϊﵽ۷壬ʶˣ
񵤷ǰٴֱֹȥһӲͣ
һСƿ񵤴ԼĴָǴСϽɫȥûκζ
ûԥȡһö񵤣Уȥʱ񵤽븹Уûκθоɹȥʮֻøڵľͬʱ𶯣ë׶ɵſ
˫һ񵤣ʼЧˣ
£ûԥļתֹȥʮֻþϣһĹڳԺӿȥȻٺܻȴȷȷʵʵйڳԺӿȥһָоԼĸо
ˣ
췢üĴҲЩ
ʶḶ́
΢
֪ʿﵽ۷󣬻۾֮ͷ­ٳһʶƬʶλã¾λüĴ񣬽Լʱ״ˣԼʶһĿʼۣ
ôһ룬񵤹Ȼֵˣ
üĴȶȳһСǽ䵭оžҲǱƽʱ΢΢һܿ죬ˣһö񵤵ЧľˣϾһö񵤾Ͱ۳ʶ
£һʮö񵤣ٴοʼ
ˣ
â֯ϵϢԽԽԽԽ
ʱ˿̣оڵľüĴҲڿʼߣԼ䣬üĴһС㣬ȻСȴ
һ㣬첻ɵñЩ˷ܡ
ʱƣϵϢԽԽǿüĴĹâҲԽԽԽԽԼ䣬оԺ֮𣬷·һ䣬ңУоԼܵĸ֪ҲǱޱ
ʶ˳


ʼ񵤣һŽʮö񵤣һŵһȡʱûԥһʮö񵤣漴ļתĸӿ졣
䣡
ʱڷ·ˮ˰㣬
ڵľһ̽ȼתļֻо̲ѣͬʱǸоԺһ㶫˽ȥ·Ҫͷ­űʱüĴԼԿڽ֯
ˣ
â貣һ⡣
оͷ­ԽԽǣ·شûͷ­ǣһѣθкʹǣȴ⣬ҧ֧šУǸоüĴƺȼһһ𣬱ԽԽȡ
ʱһһţתۼ䣬һһҹתļ񵤻۾ʶ
ʱֵҹǳ˸ء
䣡
ʱһɰڵγһɾ˵쫷磬һƬƬҶͬһʱ䣬üĴâ貣·һյƣ˴Ƭ


219 ػ
ǿϢһһĳɢվֻоԼһ˲ʮڵԪͬƺڷⲢҪģҪǣоԼĸоòһˣǰǻǲݣȴܹڲһ˿˿Һ
ɨһߣһƬڣҰһƬڰǣԺȴǳǰʮɶԶĳڵСһܹԼ壬ѪҺԪһнԿɼ
ʶʶ
΢
üĴɢŵâֻԼĸ֪·һ˲ǿٱʶ֪ĸ֪Ҫǿʮʱܹʮķɳ𶯳
ս˫ȭоҲǿ౶ڷ·ʹʱٴκӻһսãԼֻһնɱ˶Է
һȥʮƽ
ùԪʶΪ

˵ţϥ£ʮöԪʼԪ;硣

תۣչȥ
Ѿȥʮˣû
ס⣬棬ҡҡͷʮ죬ʱʱסһǣʮȥȴʼղţпɱӻԺˣҲˡ
ٴɨסһۣ̾˿ת뿪
ִá
ְ۾ִ⣺λͻĵӣôų˲Ŷԣ˵ǸСһڵʲôӦòŶ԰ɡ
ʮʱ䣬ڹɱӻԵ²ûбȴάһȶȣϾһֱδصţҲһֱŭɱ⣬ʮŵʼʱʱ¡
˵Ǹ쵱˲á
ɲǡ
ʮٴµУ˭Ǽһ̬
ֹ
ţʹ˾ͬŵҩһ٣ŵһӻ鷳ȴǱ̨ӻİ£̨ϱסһȴڷϿɱܲЩ˾ȣ
ⶼʮȥˣǸ죬ƺһֱء
ӻԱϾʶǿߣŵһŵľӢɱӻԣǼ£Ҳᣬִ¾ͲܷŹһִҪɱһͨŵӣŸͲܡ
ֹ
ǷϿƽռۼ˲ŵӣΪǰϿ
ô˵Ǹ죬ѵˣ
⣬ǺпܣϾɱӻԣ̯һˡ
ȻҲпǺӻһսʱܾˣɱӻԺԼҲ޿С
⵹Ҳȷʵпܷ
֮ԺӦǼǸˡ
ҡͷ
ʱԶڣһ˳
յ£ԵЩģ
ˣȥϤ
ע⵽ǱߣַڶͷϣסһЩ⣬ӡ
漴˶ʱɫ
Աע⵽˵ı飬ɻȥɫҲ͵һ䡣
֮ԽԽȥɫݡ
Ǹ죿
Ȼˣ
⡭
ļ¡
Ȼ죬ﵽʶڷϿںķʱ䣬ԹԪԪȹʶΪֱڽйԪĵ뿪ΪʶһأԪ񣬱֮ǰǿ̫̫ࡣ
ƽŲӣһϿײ
쿿ܣˢˢˣÿһ·
ֳѾǼֲ֣˿Ҳ⣬Ͽײץһܿ˶ʧ˵ҰС
Ȼһ
ǣⲻѰ·Ҫңһٻ
ϵϢǸͨһ
Ҳָо
һѵʲô£֮ǰҿսϢİ
ֹ
ʱѾ߳Զ粽ڣסȥ
;һЩŵӣһ¶ɫ𺳡ȻŲãȴѾԶԶĴ˳ȥ֪˻û
ˣȻһ
ţ

ǲ׷Źɣ
Ȳ˵ţǸ֪£϶һȥ
ֹ
Щ˵Сﵽʶ磬ȻЩ˵ĶԻԴˣ⣬ѭϤ·ܿסڡ
뷿ڣʱһӱŪ߰㣬εȫٵˣȻңʮ첻˲ٻҳ
ɨһۣǿʼ
죡
һԾϲ
һ˽ᣬ֪ص˵ϢֱӸ˹
ᣬ΢΢һЦʦ֣ò
Ϊ˲ͦкøС
ᶢеɨ㣬ɨһӣǸִµ֪ɱӻԺȥɱ׷޹㣬Ȼ󣬱͡
˵ᵹ˵ȥˡ
ס
ͷ
ĶǱ˭ƻٻܹµһЩ
ᶢ죬΢Щǣʦܣϵλε¿Щ鷳ûλ˳棬ܻᡭ֪ΪϾƹдţɱžӢӻԣź䶼ή´󷣣ţֻҪϾƹ֣ɱ찲ȡ
Ҳ
ҡͷȻ˼
⡭βЩʱգɴ಻ڡ
Լ
Ȼദʱ̣ܶȴǾܲʵǿΪ˸콫Ҫ𷣺ΪѣȻ콹
⣬ҲЩм
ʦֲ̫ģҲʲô⡣˵󣬾һ̣кһĨĹ⣬ƫͷɨ⣺п˹ˡ˵ţᵭЦЦɨһߣ̧˳ȥ
Щɻ󣬸߳ӣǰ󣬶ʱɫ΢䡣
ͼ첽˹
ˣ
ό֪鷳ȴô졣
һתۣ˽ǰ
Сһ
ɭ
죬˿ҲԼɱ⡣
ƽ䣬û̹ʲô𡣡
⻰궼һĵʵ̫ˣ

ð⣬һƳ˹
һƣƳĿХ
ɫĮ̧һȭӭȥ
飡
ȭཻһը·ڻһ㡣
վԭδҲûǣһĻȴľ
סʶǿߵһƣ
ᶯݡ
һҲǱɫ˲䲼˾ݡ


220 չ¶ʵ
䶯ݣԼһȻûжȫȴҲδô棬ȴȻһӸסˣʱʧŭ
һ֣
ŭһһǳ
һִ£㲻ɡ
ޱ飬ƿһЩһΣӭϡ
ˣ
𶯣Ӷȭֱȥ
һȭͷٴκײһ𣬷һ˵ĺ
㲻񱩵ȭ£һֱڲ΢΢ۡ
ȭ
ӱ
Ϊڵִ£ȭֹڵȭ仹˽ġ
һԲŲһ磬˹ȥ
һΣӳӰȭ˲ϢȭӰ
СҲǰŪ
һ䣬ȭӰ顣
طһսֳĶɲСʱܵŵӽ˹󣬿ĳʱһӾǱɫնɱŵһ˵µˣȻִսһ
⡭
Ĳ
ҡͷζˣϾʶ졣
ΧԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ䣺ϣ
ʲô
쵭Į
̬ȣȻϵǿҡ
ֱն㣡

䣬һɿֲĵƴڳ𵴳һɺ˵Ŀ硣
ǿ
ʶǿߣ̫ˣ
ִҲ߾Ѿ޵˴ɣǳֲ
˵
ʱѾһƵǰһֵնȥ
߾һأεӻʩչܿ£
һŵӾ
ʱֵȴѾǻһУһֵʯ
䵭źһҽųһӱǳҲ࿪ܿһͬһʱ䣬֣һѿסȭǺݺݺ˳ȥһϵжͬˮһǳɣ˶ݡ
סִµεһܷ
⡭Ķ
һôİ
ļ¡
ᶢ죬һ죬죬ôǿ
ʱҲɫ΢䣬û뵽ԼʶΪʩչ߾һȻǵȶЩ¶κΪεʱûпܴﵽȳ̶ȡ
ǣɫǱϧ˲ţ
һɿ񱩴Ƴ죬кȻһ
ϵȱִ£Ȼõˣ
ľ
߾˿ȡʶصΪ£
䵭һΣ齣ֶ
һ𣬶ʱ䣬̶صֱӸǹĵ
һĻһ

һϧִµΪ̫߳࣬Ǹס

죬˲ɵҡͷ
䶢е齣һĨĹ⣬ȥӻԵܺãն㣬⽣ӻԵıǰԼ֮顣
ֱ˵α̬̫ۡ
ӵĮ
˿ɢĵƼΪֲǣȴʼԵúƽ
һһն
ﬣ
̶صһۿɼĵҪնռ䡣
̧齣ᵵǰ
һ齣ĵײһһɰӿϣʱԶ
ߣ
˲˹һâն¡
׽â˸ž졣
ֻǣĵ̫£ɨâ㱻ķ飬֮󣬵âƲıһʮſ⵶â¡
Щ֧ͣŶá

䣬նĵǿ£ֱƵһˣԵЩǱ
Ȼִ˱ȫмܲסˡ
ϻô˵Ҳִ£Ϊʶ죬һĵӾмסִµĹŻʲô
Щϧˣ٣Զӻǿ
̾
ᶢһĻǽȴ޿κΡ



ײͣصУ챻ƵһˣǱ
ֻǣıʼպƽ䵭
һ֡
ע⵽һ㣬ɵüܾЩŹ֣˵Щ졣
һƵǱˣôܻôƽ
飡
һ챻ɶԶ˫Ħŵ棬ĺۼ
һǰϵĹâ
ˣһ³߰ɡ
³
ʱһɺ˵ĵӿ֣Χ߽Ĳ
߾嵶
Ǹִ£Ȼһŵó嵶δ̫ˣ
ӡ
ֻǣĵΪЩ˵óٶۣ顣
һµĵһն졣
죡
᲻ɵôС
նıȴɺƽһڱ˿ֲܿܿ£ǣȴܹĿһƶ켣ܹ׽һƶ㣺ԭҲûеô˰ˡ
⻰Χ߶һȻʱ˵ִ󻰣
һ̣һǿϢȻ
ϵϢıÿֲ֮ǰˣңһ̣Ӱ˲ģȺֻһâͻ˲Ѫ⽦
㡭
ŭ
ȺǰֻĵˣؿڴһĽۡ
ĲӦͦ졣
쵭Į
ʱü˵âԼ䣬н֯
⣬ǣ
ʶ
ܰɣ
Ⱥסˡ
üɢǴﵽʶǿ߲ž߱
ᶢǰɵõֱ˫ۣȻﵽʶˣ
Ϊ
ıͲôÿˣɫˣһֱΪֻ磬ȡȫˣȫ˾裬ȴû뵽ȻﵽʶȻʱͻȻ˸Ϯֱն
춢䣬ôãûˣ
ﬣ
̶ĽХüɢ貹һαǰ
ն
𣬰һɱɱ⣬һɿֲơ
һ̣ɢʶʩչ׽ӸĽǶնһµĽ⡣գۼ䣬˷·һ׷籩ֱƵ䲽ˡ
⡭
ҵ죬䣬ִ£ȻһŵӶѹˣ
ˣ
һĻȺ°Ͳ
Զһˣɵɪɪ

ŭ
ȣֲĵƳ߽Ľƣ˳ȥ
ٴζ죬һ£ɱʮ㡣
֣Щʱգҿʶأȥӻžۣ

˵ţе齣ݺһ𣬾һ˹ȥ


221 
ʵȻʶԲ䣬Ҫʤ䣬ȴûаϣϾ߼ľĸС̨סˣ˿̻Ҫսɱ䣬ȴѿ
ﬣ
һ׽׻֯ŭնʮ
ХܿһһȴǱֱնķѡ
ʱѾٴαƵǰ
ն
һնѿڶ׽â
񱩵һµ֮׻֮֯ҲǶݡ

ŭһ߶ֲĵâһɨ
ϾʶǿڣһնȻǼΪ¡
䣡
⽣âײһ𣬶ʱһɿֲ쫷硣
ɫпʼɢս⣬ʶɢܣ׽ÿһ漴Ķնһһ⣬ÿһֱָҪ



ײ֮ĽƿǱƵʱʱˡ
⡭
Ǹ죬Ȼִ±Ƶ˵ز

ļ¡
ЩɫȻüΪѿִ£ȻһŲõŵӱƵһʮԶֱĪĳ衣
ˣ
ŭһɫޱ
һüĴ貹âȻҲչ¶ʶͬһʱ䣬佫˫ֳŵһɼ˺ɢ˲һâ
ǣ
ѵ߾һ
Ȼʩչһ
˱ɫ
˸Ǻˣ±ȿֲƲ
΢΢һڸоһ˿в
һܿ£
ﬣ
ֽק齣׽â߶£˶֮֡
ʱ˵Ľ𣬾һ硣
䣬ˣ
ͻȻһĮ
Զһ߳Ȼְ
ְһĨ⣬ȴǲɫ
ıͲôÿˣְңÿ
˵ţϵϢӿ¡
һƳ֣鷳
һִ£ȴζŵӶ֣Ӷ
ְ˵
ԣȺʱһЩĿ죬ְȻҪӻ졣
ɱͬţΪִ£ѹкβף
亮
ְĮգӻȥ鷳̨йأһ̨ԭʱӻԾ͸ˣƻ˹ӻһڷϿɱӻԣɵһս
̨һս֮˵ɱͬţɱĻŵһӻԣɱžӢ£ǺҲȻһػὫ֮

˵ţ䳯ǰһֱֱı졣
ְһ˿мӻԣŵһ̨սʱѾŵһˣһʶʿʿܣҲ˼žӢ⣬ӻʲôɫҶҲɡ
˵ְֵνϺȥ죬ƭԼһʮ꣬նɱʶʿǿʶսԶ֮ǰ˵䲻ȴʵʵĻŻΪһȥķӻԶһǰ;ľţ
㣡
ŭɫʱһ
ְߣһβҪ͹ˣҪڶΣͬΪִ£Ҷöˣ⣬Ҹ棬Լ̫£Ҳ𲻰ѱ˵һ£붯ҲȨ˼Ϊʲô
ְǺͻĵӣ˭׶
һŵӣҲȨ˼ҪΣ
Ц
ְһỊ֮̃ס֣̰µȥȥǱͿһǻˡǻᴦ
ɫʱԻ
ʡʡɣұһС̨ףʤң
ְ
ʱɫѿĶְ
ƫͷֶס죺һӣ
ȻһЦɣҲôģһӡ
ƽ齣ֱָ䡣
ܣΧľֻʵ̫ǿˣ̫ˣ
ɫޱҪγˮɱӿ죬ȭջһȥְ໤ʱɱ죬ң浽ȥֶȻҲְ˵һԲᴦ죬ŲΪһӻԶһǰ;ŵӡ
һۣ뿪ʧС
һ£Ҳǿ첽뿪
⡭
ܣһΧ߽Ĳ
ִЯŭȴǴͷβûֵôǱնˣְֱˣõ˱Ź֣ôԼŰ
ˣʲôʲôȥɢ
ְ˾䡣
Ⱥһ٣ʱɢ˿Υִµ
ܿ죬Χܵ˸ɢ˿ȥ
齣ְǰһ񣬵лǰ
Ҳ֣Ҫɱ㣬Ҳǰ첻ɡְ˰֣ЦСһﵱҾȣôʱ䣬ȻѾﵽʶΣʮʶʿҿɴû
Ͼʮˡ
Ц
һ㣬аʱ䣬ʮˡ
ʮʶʿҲ
ְҡͷ
֮лǰˡ

ְҲû˵ʲôļ򣬱뿪ˡ
죬û뵽ǿȳ̶ȣ
ӭ־ϲ
û뵽ȻﵽʶΣܶݿִ䡣
ЦЦڷϿҴﵽʶ
ǽҡҡͷֵˣҰһӰɡ
ðǱ鷳ʦˡ
Ц
Ϊͦ飬ʵڲþܾԷĺ⡣
ܿ죬˱һ˳
ʱɫѾ
ƻΣִ֮һ±ɣµΡ

ͷлʦѡ
УҾˡ
䣬Ҳ뿪ˡ
콫͵⣬ĿԶŽϡ
ɫԽӰȡƣ̯󣬿ʼ뵽ںᵽʵҪԣʵǿڣͿһйʵôʱпɥ˽¡
ԣҪǿøǿ䵽ǿ
ˣ
ǳһӿ
ǲΪʶĸ֪Ͳ׽ǿ࣬ǰνľ츳ֶ׺Ͷȫʧˣ˵Ǹ𲻵κˣʶѹȾ츳
Ȼʦԣʶϵǿ˵츳ֻǸЦ
찵
һԼٴС
У˿и
ܿ죬ɫ
һҹδߣȴǾþɺܳ棬߳ţһӵɣǳŶȥﵽʶ磬׼ȥǺϾƹµϢǺĥʶıأʶεдá


222 
Ǻλڷڶ࣬ǺڵλʱܵŵӲ࣬һ룬ҲȻˣϾǺֻʶʿܿ룬ӣﵽʶҲʮˡ
̧ͷȥֻǺΪأʮɣͨɫƺĳʯɣľһϢǺǰִأǺǰִ˵⣬ƿ˽ȥ
ʼһڣһ𺳵ĸо谵Ǻڣ䶥ȻͨĵʯһƬǿգǳ˸Բ³վǺ֮һ㣬һּԻõĸо
ʶʿܽǺȻ鴫
΢
ʱǺһ㣬ȥһŴԼʮӣЩ˶ŵӣʮ㣬˿ȫϥһߣüĶڷ
ͻȻ΢̲סһ
һ̣һɫϷǺ׹䣬ݺݵѹ
ϷвɵöݣʱƬǺӷ·ǳԲ¶˸⣬ȹâЩۣ·ĳ־ͷ­ͻأʹǰһ
ˣʶػüǺµιʲôʱܹƿȹƿһǺӣﵽǺڶ㣬ǸʱҲͿʶڶ졣
Աߴһ
ƫͷȥֻһǸطʧϷǺڡ
΢㶣漴Ȼ
ǵ⣬ӦǷҵˣ˵Ӧǿ뵽ǺڶȥˣΪٴʶڶء
а
룬ԭϥһüĴʱһɹεʶɲǼ价ƶ֯⡣漴ǲһ͸Ĳ˴ǺϽ䣬һһĳѹ
ǺµιǺһﵽڶ㣬ҪʶȲˣʶϷǺУ˲ܽڶǺȵʱʶĥһ̶ȣΪɿʶڶء
ˡ
һ£һ¡
ʶȲˣȴǷȲصˣʶ岻ǿֵסȲ˳ԼϱѾǼˡҲʹΪֻʶʿܽΪǺµĹΨʶԵֵסûʶǻᱻȹ
Щüıø
ˣ
Լ䣬嶼ʼɢһѤĹʣʶ˶УǺµĲγУʶҲһľȲιϴĥǿ
ֻǣ̺ܻ
ĬĬǺڣɢʶ
ģʱǹȥ
ʱʼһڵʮӶ뿪ˣͬеĵҲ˳ȥٳǺµǵΨ컹Ĵڣʶ΢࣬ȴʼڼš
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ĸʱУ첻ɢʶҲЩʶѷˡ
ൽˡ

ʮվɨһͷǺӣ漴˳ȥ
߳ǺǸо˶ࡣԶ˶٣סȥĸʱʶĥɱϵĴ࣬Ⱥúûָ²УΪʱֻ±롣
صסϴһϢ
һֱ˯˵ڶ峿
峿ʱ֣ʱԼЩһˣʶǿ˲١
ǺĹЧ𣿹Ȼһ㣡
΢
ĸʱĥһҹĻָоʶ֮ǰ׳˲٣ǰΪۣѾʶһ߹ʮ֮һӡ
ĸʱ߹ʶһصʮ֮һⲻò˵ܾˣ
һһٴǺ
ڶǺֻѹС࣬ռֻʶǿͷǺµĹȴѾɽ֮Ƴȥһξˡ
ò˵ǸԵĽ

찵
ʶϻƶһΣڼʱ

ʱһȥʶĥܿÿնȥǺһ۱ʮչȥʮռ䣬췢һ£Խǵ˺棬ʶǿͻԽӻʮȥҲֻǽʶһ߳ʮ֮ѡ
ȣҵû²ܿʶڶء

ٶȶڱ˶ԻǳǶ˵ȴ̫ˡ
ҡҡͷ찵ôȥ
һգٴδǺǽԼסڣһֱ峿߳šһҹʱ䣬ԺеĶѰһֿʶٶȵķšĽƣơ
Ժе࣬һֱû͸Ͼʵ̫ˡһҹʱҳƣʵЩϲԽӸо˿Ĳֿʶٶȵơ
ϲЩΣΪӡƵĲίʵ鷳Ҫ˼޹ԪܵľѪ߼¹裬⣬ҪʯĲݡ
У¹赹˵ϿѰ˼޹ԪȻѶԸΪȴҲɱˣΨĲݺʯֶЩ鷳ϿѰҲһ
ֻѰˡ
ѾһӣܱһЩ£Ҳ˽˲٣ڷǧһƬΪϵ֣ΪɽһƬڻʳħڣȴԶħĵرǿޡ
ĲݺʯϿûУżȻ˵ɽŲ١
ˣֻȥɽˡ
뵽ӭųһϴ£ִܿáŵһڿ뿪ΣÿζҪִ룬ңÿһζһڸϻأĻΪţ۴
ɽȥʲô
ְɻ
ѰЩ

ְͷҲûȥѰʲôֱ׼˼¼ְֵ˵ɽﱻһʿĹ֣ͦпУȥһõһЩô
Ĺô
첻⡣
ְһЩԪߵͷʿǰΪԼѰĹѨԼвƱȫĹУʴˣʿĹҲŲٺöȻҲΣջУϾûϣԼĹѨں
춯ݣԭ
лǰָ̡
˵
޷ȥɣעⰲȫȻסһ㣬Σһڱϻء
ְ
ͷ漴˳ȥ
ִ߳úͨɽŵʯ״ȥʯίʵЩͣ첻ɵЩΡֻһ˲ѣָϾʩչʱ򣬿ǵٹɸߵλá
ʯף첽£ȻƿȴֱӴʩչ뿪Ϊֹһ㣬һִ󲻾
ܿ죬ʯɽš
ˣ
ȡ齣ʩչڼɽĽУ˲ϢԶȥ


223 ΣչĹ
ɽλڷǧ⣬ʩչԼķһʱɽԵȥɽޱȣʮɽľԾ
׳ȷϿˡ
찵
Դˣǲ⣬ϾϿֻǷȦһƬأΪµӵʹãȻ޷ɽȣʮ֮һȲϣȸࡣ
ʱɽۼŲˣЩ˴඼ɢޣ徳С
йûѣһ飬̽ɽ
ߺȡ
ȳǰڷǵĺڰɭҲ֣ɨ£ѰһС·ɽڡʼһɽ̱ÿг˾˵Ũˡ
棬вپżްɡ

żޣǿʶ۷ǿߵĴڣΣ
ɽҲ¹͹Ԫܣְһݹɽϵ޵ȼֲͼϼأ¹޴ԼɽھǧɵλãԪܴһǧ֮ĲݺʯȫԼ
𣡡
໣
ɽȥһ·ϣ޵ϡ
Ⱥʮͷ޵Ϯɱķ˴Լʱʱ䣬ɽԵǧɵλáƬ඼Щ߼ޣɢŵϢΪ׺ݣ˰ʱѰһͷ䵥¹
վһ֦ϣһһ
ﬣ
˻ڿУѾ齣׽һն
¹࿿ʱŭһ졣
һ¹˴˫磬ˡ
߼еޣǿᣡ
찵
ˣȴ⣬ϾѾʶ硣
齣һ׽նƱ֮һǿֱ¹񲱾ȥһ¹͵һΪ߼ޣ¹Ǻǻ۵ģʱĿ£ӣֱʶȥ
΢΢һ٣漴Ц˳
Լѧ
ಣ
һܿ׷¹񣬺ݺһնȥ
һٶȺܿ죬ƺǿֱû뵽¹ĺ
¹Һͣ˴ųȴ֧ŷУƬ̺󣬺Ȼ׹£ڵϺ󷢳һ죬鴤˼ºû˶
ӿ£ذ׸¹ԴСȡ¹衣
㹻ӡʮัˡ

¹裬γ¹޺ˣֱ뿪
úɽһɵڣѰһͷԪܣƺƾᣬ͹Ԫǰ󽩳߸ʱǽԪնɱУҲǼβɥԪܵצ֮¡
Ԫܣڰ˼ֻǵףȴҲֲ
˰Ѷϵ亹
ɫѾ׺ڰԪܵľѪװʮСƿԣҲ㹻ӡʮˡ֮ذȡԪܵ޺ˣСĵ𣬰˼޵޺ˣֵǼΪơ
£뿪ǰһ
ֺķʱһƬϿѰĲݡ
ƬϿУĲݾʮ꣬ʵЩϲ
ֻʣʯˡ

յƬϿڵĲݣ쿪ʼѰʯֻǣʯȴǸѰлһһҹҲѰһ飬Щơ
죬ĹѾ˵б
ݴĳǿߵĹѨ
ǿ֪߰жٱҪѰһվͺˣ
ʲôߣ
ⲻѾܿ𣡡
⣬ȺСš
Ѿʶ磬ȻǽЩ˵ĺʱҲЩ⣬ִ˵ʿĹ°ͳ˼һСǾȥһԺѰʯ
Ⱥ֮󣬴Լȥʱǰú
վһ֦ϣֻǰĵѿˣһڣ΢ԵЩڡ
ΧŲɢޣһȿֺ
ǰˣ㣡
˺
ʱѨ˶˽ȥ
֦Ծ£ʯԵӳȥֻӵڣԼл⴫Ȼʿ׼˻һĶʱ֮ȼΪá
ⶫҵûС
°͡
漴ҲͲˣʶӦڵĻ
˶٣˸һԾ£뵽Ѩڡ
ʼһУʱÿļΪţһָζƮڿУҪŻ¡ɨܣĹ¾ͨ˴һЩ߾ɣرԪʯɡ
˳һȥܿǹȥһӣһ췢ⷽĹѨʵйռŵΪˣҲʮƽңԽԽߣص׹Ĺ˲Һͤ
⣬֮һЩĵۻĹѨضˣ
΢һ룬ҲȻˣϾʿĹĹҾݴпվǿߵĹȼǿߣݺ͵λɶһĵҪĶ࣬ȹģĹѨҲǺ¡
ҡҡͷǰȥ
ԽԽ룬ĹͨԽӵĻ谵ֻܿһĶ

ʱһҽдǰ
һѭŲҽȥԵÿࡣ
ʱǰл⴫жһѪζ
СĿú󣬼ʬҰУЩʬ඼ˣϽǲ˼Ҳ֪ЩʸǴʲôط
Ĺе𡣡

ôʿĹְͬ˵ǰ㣬Σա
СĵĿӵϼһѣǳǰȥȻʶڵĻвôҪֶлǺܲģϾһֱķʶľ磬֧Ų̫á
રɣ
રɣ
રɣ
ԽԽǰߣ߲ʱŲ
ͻȻ𶯣Ĺߵǽѿһ϶һ֧֧ʸзɳ
΢ζʱζ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ܼļʸȴûһ֧ܹ壬ȫܿ
Լʮܼļʸȫڵ棬Ĺ˲Եð쳯¿ȥֻЩʸļͷֳɫһǱĨ˾綾
ĹǺģ
һ룬ͻȻáġõʵЩ̫Ծô˵ҲǱ˵ĹѨΪ˷ֹĹѨЩҲǷǳ¡
ҡҡͷǰȥѭܿ߳һξ룬ʬ壬ǱдģǱʯѹ飬мʬ·Ǳʳһ㣬첻ɵüͷ滹޲ɣ
˶٣ҡҡͷǰȥ
ʱɫһ䣬й󣬷·ڶĲӴ


224 ʬ
ͷ췴һƳȥ
һһӰ˳ȥ
ת󣬻⽫谵ͨ΢΢˼֣ԶɵǵӰŤŤվеĳѪܣǷ·޿ʳһ㣬ڳѪ
üǵãǸղڵϵһʬ壬Ѿ˲Ŷԡ
ӰѪɢһֶǶס㣬
ܣ۲ӰһУֶԷȷʵѾ߱˿еֻһͫҲ߱˿ʶٶӰ˿ڴƤڣӿѪˮҲֺɫ

΢΢ü
һǹ۲㹻̧ȣһŽӰ߷˳ȥ
һӰݺݵײڵϡ
һ̣û뵽ǣӰһվٴγ
һĨɫղһţûа飬ϾѾǻˣȷѾԷعȫˣڣӰȻһվȻû˿ĸо
ﬣ
΢гһֱնǰ
ۣ
Ӱһն飬û˶
춢ŵ棬ӰڲѾȫʴһɶƮڿС
תȥ
ʱǴO@O@΢΢ƫͷͼһʬӵվʬ͸ղŵǾһҲ屻ʳ˿ڴڳӿźѪû˿
üһһâɨ
۵һվǾʬʱնΡ
Ӧ˶ʲôء

ʶɨܣȴǲûзʲô쳣漴ջʶ
ҡҡͷǰȥ
ǰ֪ȥ˶ãǰĲԿЩܿ죬ǰһԿңʮ֧ţվŲӰһɨȥԼʮҡ
ƽУɨܣһɨ΢΢ЩݣΪﾹȻľײģԼʮڣһɭĸо
ĿڹײĹ
ʮڹײģ÷ֱ档
⡭ȷʵЩ鷳
˵
ܵ˶ɵȻʮڹײİЩ˱ܲµĹµ壬óȻһڹײģпܻ⵽ѣϾĹѨڴһ·˶塣
ʱңûһҶ
ɨһңȺڲͬλãۣһĸӣΪ׵ľǸʮҵ꣬һưڶ꣬Ҳۣ꣬ΪòŮӣԼʮңϵϢЩϤ
Ĺȣ
΢΢ü
Ůϣо˺ͼʦƵϢȻϢ˵Ĺ似һƵʣһ֪ͬڡ
˸ҿ𣿱ٳö񵤣˭ȥףһڣö񵤡
һ
ƫͷʮڿڣһȻı顣
񵤣һڹö
⡭
˵ʶıֵ
Ķ
òŮ꣬ƺ֪δʲôӦҲǲ˵⼸ȻҲʮЩ˽⡣
΢ۣ˵˵ȻӦǳţңݲ͡
Ⱥ۷׷ףƬ̺ɢվ˳
˻棿
һ۷׳꣬˸Ż֮⡣
ȶǷڵŵӣһҲֻ쵽öѣֵԶһЩɢ˵⿪ȻΣգǿһڹײıܵõö񵤵Ļôվֵð
˵м١
ȡһСƿʮö񵤣ò˫۷Ź⡣˿̣һ˹У˵Ѿ˳ȥˣϾ걾ֻصΪǣ˿ȴûκ˸ôΪվ꣬ǿһˣƺʶΪ
վ׳ͷҿ˿һڹײǰһ׳˫֣ڹײĵĹײĸǸ²ٻҳǹڼ׳Ҳײڵʲôǻͷ꣺Ҵˡ
ʱһֻצĴӹ۵һֱӹᴩ׳塣
׳ҽУ벻
˱ɫǿڹײԶһЩĶС
ȡҡ
׳ҽС
ֻǣʱ˭ȥȣؿڱᴩ׳Ѿˡ
֨ѽ֨ѽ֨ѽ
ײҡΣ춯һ߻鲼۵ʬӹײ˳ʬϳɫëԼдȾһֶͺ⣬ͷƤ顣
һ׳ʬ屻˦˳ȥڼɢ޵Ľűߡ
ʬ
ʮһ˴
ʲôʬ
˵Ĺʬ
⡭ֶվǿ߲Ƶа𣿡
ĹһǿߵĹѨ
ˣ˵ʬԿһʶǿߣѶԸҴйƶ
¶ݡ
춢ǰҲԶݣʬǵһ˵ȷʵôöԸ˶٣ͻȻ뵽֮ǰϵͻȻվʬ壬Щ˵ۣӦþ˹ƶվ
뵽ɫʱ΢
Ǳߵˣ׳ʬԶһЩ
ȵ
׳ʬԣɢһŹֵĶ죬ǲ⡣
ʱ׳ʬͻȻ৵ıͬҰް㣬һҧסԱһӵĴȡ
ӲҽУȶʱѪģ
ô£Ѿ˲Ŷԣ
ļ¡
Աߣ˶֣ն׳꣬׳ͷ­ն
׳ʬ鴤˼£Ѫֱܿû˶
Ӵ˺·˿ڡ
鷳ˡһЦʮ궢ŻӣһӦѾ˹ƶץãúÿһƶĹ̵ǸʲôӦûȤ
ĬĬͷ˳ȥ
㡭Ҫʲô
ӻ̿֡
ΪǺǿ±㽫֮Ʒ۶֫ʮǰ⡣ҽУ֫ϣûһá
ԶһֱŪ㣡
ĵ
΢΢ü츳òЩŤ
ԶòŮҲͬüͷһ˿ڣºƹ⣬ΪΥʵô˵Ҳǰ֮Ͳ¸Ĩ𡣡
£ֲָֻţºƹⶢſڵŮӣһĨ⣬ˣòǿҲ۷ѣŲű˰ǹǵ·һ֡
㣡
ŮӶɫһŭѡ
ɨºƹ⣬ʮѣòŤЩˡ
ʱһ𣬴ӹײпĹʬ˫ðѪâͻȻдŸĶȺ˹ȥ


225 
õĶƮڿУʬʱ˽Աɫ

˴С
ɲǼ䣬ԪƵ⽣âһŹʬնȥ
⽣âڹʬϣһǻ֮⣬Ǹá
Уʬ̫ˣ
ӴԴն
е
ɢۡ
˵ţ˵ĹЩȫ׼ʬĲӡ
ò˵ȷʵЧ
Ҳֻһѡ
ʬɷˣһɫëͣĶ
䣡
ԪƵ˶һ𹥻ǹʬԪЩˣϾʮһҲʾĹļ̣Ȼûбٻ
Х͵ͣصʬǿᣬͬʱʮˣҲֻ໥֡

ʱвҽ
ºƹűߣӻ鴤ȴѪˮѾһƬڣпʼҺģӵ䣬ͫпʼѪ˿һһϡ
รʼˣ˼
ºƹȤζĵ
ƫͷȥֻŻӲͣĳ鴤ǽʧ·Ұް㣬ͣ˻Ϊ֮ǰϵ֫ʱ޷վȴĥŵ棬ǳһ䶯ºƹ⣬Һֱ
ҧˣ
ºƹɣȡһ쵽ǰǻӶʱһҧס
Ѫˮ˳£ɻȴȫûиоǷ˺ҧ
һĻ˲ɵͷƤ顣
ֻʣԭʼʳӣʲôҧʲôġ
ºƹ
˵ţĽƹһͷ­ն¡
֮ͬǰ׳һͷ­ֿܿû˶
𣬹ʬø񱩡
ΪŻǱ߷ģʱʬץˣѪˮ
ն
ºƹ
ͷӹºĹⶪĳһն˵Դ
һĻõܲ˶ݡ
վڽĬĬĿǰƽºƹ˵ЩŤͱ̬ǺûϵûҪվָʲôȥ

ܿ죬˲ҽУʬץˡ
˻֣̿л˵ǰ֮ʱͷӣϧȴûܹӵܳȥԶǱºƹĺնԴ
ڱǣǼַʬ
ºƹЦ
վºƹһߣǵĮҲˡ
ȺһʬսҲǱòãΪץˣһ
ɱ󣡡
һ
òŮӿתΣʱâ
λǺɱʬ
һŮӵ
ԶԶĿţò˵ƺʩչĳֱȽϸĺϻ󷨣ʬǣһķΧڣͬʱʹ֮Ĺǿ˲١
һϣ
˽е
ʱһɱ񱩵Ԫ֯ܿʬնɱڵ
Ĺȵĸͽеʵ
ºƹЦ
΢ȻŮĹȵˡ
վڽɨľײģɫ΢΢ЩݡһһưܵĹײģտҲǿڹײѵҲǹʬԼܳˣһ룬˿϶Ϊ֮ǰ߱ʳʬ壬֮ǰǸɱ׳꣬Ǽʬ壬ǹʬΪ
ʱһͻȻƮС
ʲô
˾С
һڵ˱ײɣ𾪵Уһͷߴʬ֣צӷˣٶȸǼ죬ת۾ͳ룬һצӻӳ
ĹȵŮӿһֱӱһצķɣѪˮ
ʦ㣡
Ůӱɫʱ˹ȥ
ôУ
ʲôʱܳģңעⰡ
һǧ˵
˶
ǿԪӿ󲿷˶мĹʬء
ʱһЦ
ĹȵС㣬㱻ץأºƹⶢűץ˵ǸĹŮӣЦһа죺һƯŮӶḶ́Ӧûȿ˸Ȥɣˣ˺·ãϾҲ
㡭
˵Ůŭºƹ⣬ֱ
ºƹԺץ
ɫĮųŮӱȥ
վס
ºƹ⣬Ϊһ˲Ź㣡
Ůӵ
ЦǰøЩӣΪĹȵĹΪһŵԹºƹЦңҲΪͬİΣ룬壬˵Բԣ
ܣȺŹʬºƹ⿴æͷ
ΪƬĴ֮һڵĳϿվǿڣЩͨɢΥǿߵǲ
Сү˵ò˹ƶ޾ȡ

ɱȷʵΪڳ˺á
Ц
ºƹɨȥһЦλ
Զһ΢򿪿ڵ꣺һĳˣòҪҵţɫ΢䣬漴򱻹ʬץ˵ĹȵŮӣüͷɵ΢΢
ʱ򣬺ѾһŮӡ
ĹȵŮӸǾɫλտ۸ˣǿͼ
ºƹȻ
νǼΪ޳ܣĹŮŭޱȡ
˵Ůӽקгź֪ԼҲǶ֣Ͷºƹ⣬ҧҾԾڴˣҲ裡Ҳ˹ƶŮһ쳤ֱնԼĲӡ
ʦ㲻Ҫ
ǰŮӱɫͬʱ
ϧȴЩˡ
ŮӵĽзޱȣѾƵߡ
ʱͣһζ˫ָסŮӵĳ
һĻ˶ݡ
㣬˭
˵ŮһٶȺÿ죬Ȼȫûв
ºƹⶢŮӣЦ˺뿴һ㣬ɱ
Ůɫ΢䣬죬һ
䵭ɨºƹ⣬ɿŮӵĳѿԼʳָʺѪˮʱȥûã컯еؽһȸ壬ʹֿܵһЩ綾ţŮáǰĹĹȹҲһ棬Щϵ֮⼸ŮĵضȻûɲ
⻰˵ŮӶʱһ㶣ˣҪԼ
˷ѡ
˵
ŮЩ˼ȴԣЩѪ֮󣬶ʱ䣬Ů΢΢һԭ԰׵׾ǱúһЩ˿ڴȸҲˡ
쿴һۣԵͷԼѪֹܹƶ
ʦ㣡
ĹŮһǡ
û£öˡ
˵Ůӵ˵ţæлоڵĶڡ
ʱºƹɫɭȻĶ죺ٵĺ£ٵĵˣĵӺܲ˵ţºƹԺ꣬ŮӺСһץһ𡣡


226 һ
ɨһºƹ⣬ǵĮʮѣ
ĹƶѾڣʱȻģôĸĸүүʵڰͷˣһСħͷ
ޱĵ
⻰˽̲סɫ˭ҳºƹСħͷ
ֱ
ĹȵŮҲǶݣˣδ̫һЩɡ
죡ôôСү˵Ǹ
˺ȵ
ƫͷȥֻڵһ꣬ɵ΢΢ü
˭
ʵƺ˵
Աߣһ˺ȵǷڵŵӳʦ֣Ҳڵӣû𣡡վ꣬ǷڵӣȻҲϵ죬ϾһЩڷڿǳ˷ͷ
û
ޱ顣
ԣʱ
ܣҲǶݣЩĶ졣
ˣȻǷڵĵӡ
˾ȡ
ºƹⶢ죬˫۱üΪڵĵӣôݣ㵨Ҷײ٣٣䣬ºƹź۶֫͵ǰҪ֪ҵ³жôĲá
ųһĮ
ĹŮһǰվһ𣬽䱸Ķźꡣ
찡ԭǷڵĵӣĶлˣΪʶһҪСġ
Ůӵ
ŮҲͷץг
ʱѾ£һбն졣
һƺȴ·
Сģ
Ůӱɫ
һ촫֣һץסս
ԶһЩ
鵭Įһ߳
ӺԶһײºƹϡ
ºƹⱻײɣײһߵʯϣʱһҽС
٣
ºƹһɫæܹȥٹϾֻ徳ΪôһײºƹڱǶڳѪԵǱҡ
һĻʱ˱ɫ
Ǹꣿ
˿ʶ簡
ˣѵҲǡ
죬˽Աɫ
ºƹⱻ˰ѱӺֻѪʱѪȥɱɱ
ǱߵСӡ
˵
ĻƽȴԱߵŮӡ͡һЦ˳ϾֻʮѣôװϳҲװȥôȥºƹܻı飬ǸߵСӡ
ŮˣǸЦңҪȫ¥ȥҰŪǣ
ºƹС
Ĺȵ˶ʱɫѿŭ
ʱХԶǹʬ𣬾ǳ˹
ޱ飬ӣһ߳
һίʵЩ£ʬ߷ɣƫеײºƹķ
ʬһºƹűߣһ졣
ֵģģ
ºƹе
ˡ
ޱ顣
ʬվצץºƹ⡣
õգɫĹצʱŵºƹֱ£ȶˣϾºƹǳֻ徳ѣУСһ
ү
һԾ𣬳նʬצӡһ굴˹ʬצӣºƹⱻᴩǣʬצȴǲºƹºƹ·ڶԷؿ˼Ѫۡ

ºƹҽһֻоؿڴһһȼ
һĻ˽Աɫºƹ⣬ʬ˵ˣ
ǱӦˡ
쵭
Χºƹߣɫˣʬ֮ǿɽⲻˣºƹʲô⣬صǵĽҲͿ֪
ѪѪԽƶץ
ºƹС
ʱȫס졣
£һЩѪΣ
һ˳
ˡ
쵭
ѪȷʵԿƹƶҪºƹⶾ붼롣
һڻؾ˶졣
һЩ

һɺڳ忪ʱúһϢֲܿ
ʲô㰡ʲô⣬ǶҪùºƹУֵҲһ˭ɱȡѪҾ˭һҰҲȫû⡣
ʱ䣬˽Ǳɫ

ܽ
⡭
죬һ̣˵ı鶼ˡ
ͷڵ˵ˣһЩɢ޶ԣиͬһԵֻҪܽУǰ;㲻
ֵܣҵͬŵӣ׳һЩѪкη
һվ
ʦܣҷҲڣ͸һѪɡ
ڵĳҲ˵
˸ֱֱĶ죬һߵĹʬ
ȴǸ⣬ⷽҲֻһͨˣѭһ·ȥЩľײЩ⣬ǲ򿪹׸ǣȻʶҲԿӵʲôĹʲôֽš
Ѿһʱ䣬һ۲󣬸оĹĹײĲΪЩײĵİڷź޽Ҳϲôݻ̫ͨĹѨĹģԣĹĹײҲӦøһβŶԡ
վס
ȵǰ
ͬһʱ䣬ɢΧܣסȥ·
ʲô
ĹȵŮӺȵ
˸󣬼һĻǺ𳤽䱸ܡ
ɨһۣ漴ˡ
ͱǰ
Į
˵ţƽĳǰȥ

˽е
ɢ޶ȥն졣
ֻҪȡѪܹУջʵ̫ˡ
䣡
߸۷ǿһ֣һƲνǿ󣬼Ϊˡ
Įһ𣬳ǰɨ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
˲ѣǰ˱ᴩض
㡭Ȼɱˣ
ɫ䡣
һһն
âǿһն˶ʱᴩȫѪС
ֻЩëΪһ˽ɱֺ飬ɵ˱ɱ󣬻ȴ˵ʲôȻɱˡֻˣĺ󵽵ô۷ġ
Ϊ⡭ʶ
һĻ˶ʱҶˣնɱ߸۷ǿߣֲ
ޱ飬һȥ
վס
˺ȵ
ڵĳһվ˳˶Ǵʶһ죬ǰֻҪȡһѪܵõһһܺͰĳｻãôһʻֵȥ
㣡㰡
ºƹе
ʱºƹıŤһʹ࣬Ȼƶڲ϶񻯡


227 ʯѪ۹ʬ
ڵĳһ꣬Լĺ꣬˶ʶΣʱȫǰʱҲֻ˸վ졣
£Ұ³ϵһûκεĻ

ʦܣŵӣһҲӦã㲻ҲĹȵ𡣡

ҲǵͷһѪѣд󰭣βһ㣿
鵭Įûа
ºƹˣŤı̬Ϊ˴ҲޱȣԿ϶ºƹ󣬶Էͷͻɱңˣָ˵ѣֱǰŶԷΪ¡
ʱǰʧҲ֤ܻ
˵
⻰һʱ뵹
ĹŮӶݣˣǿƣ
ֵܣ̫˿ɲá


ƽڡ
㡭
ʱɫһδ̫ſˡ

㡭
һˡ
וּһеĳһʱ䣬ʮâϯǰ
˱ɫͬʱп⡣
飡
飡
飡
񱩽âͬʱ˳ȥ
һĻⷽ˶ɴ˫ۣʶǿߣȻһͬʱɨ˳ȥǺεȿֲսһЩ巢̲ס£Լ˷žȻֺºƹ⣬ֱ
ʱͬҰ޵ǹʬٴζˡ


һɲǣΪڷǸ򣬶ʱ˱ʬ˺顣
һⷽ⽣Ӱǳ󲿷˶ڶ֡ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˿ʼƶǿµаʬסˡ

һʹĲҽ
ºƹӱޱŤ֮ͬǰĻһ㣬ǿʼʧȥ
٣
ºƹԱߣɫ
ºƹ˫ѾǲѪ˿Һֱһתͷҧסһ˵ĺʱ䣬˲ҽѪͣĴӺˡ
æ˹ȥºƹ⡣
ĹŮ΢΢£ɵò࿪ȥΪǰĻ̫Ѫˡ
쵭Įɨһۣºƹ⣬ûˡ
ˣ
ͻȻﴫùİеľײȫ
йײѣһֻצ̽˳ţײУͬĺɫצָͬӰ㳤ˡת֮䣬нʮڹײƵÿһڹײнйʬɫ䡣
ʬХȫ
һʿԣһĻֱǵ

ɲǼѣҽ˱˺ѡ
һ̣ͨʶ궼ԵǱߣΪºƹƶԭ򣬾ȫʧš
һͷʬ鲼ëߡ
̧֣նһ׽ʱ䣬ǰĹʬֱӺ˳ȥ
ǿ
ĹŮӶݣһƣսίʵЩ¡
Һ棬ߡ
Ůӵ
żͬͨɨһۣѭһ·ȥ
ŮǲɣϽϡ
ʬӶ죬ȴʣȫնɡ
ʱŮ߳ҡ
һ˲䣬ܵǰ˲١
Ǹʦ֣ҽ࣬ղллˡ
֮ǰ˵Ůӵ
ҽʷɡ
Ǽ¡
ŮҲæ
ЦҺǹҲʶӦõġ⣬ʦֱ֣ӽҵ־У䣬ҿûǴ󡣡
ԣŮһ
ʶǹ
졣
ҪһѣĹУͬǹһ𡣡

Ůһͬһ㣬ǸСʦõѣ
ǼˣǣΣĹϰ𣿡
ʵ
Ůһۣ̿Ц
ͱļʦˣǳʱСʦѾҪﵽʶˡ
ĹڣϷֱһѡˣʶΣôȴҲֻǽڵشƿضѣǼСʦòͽ׽أǼˡ
ÿնСʦôߣסһԣͱˡ
Ů
ͷǼ꣬ȷʵܾˡ
߰ɣСһЩ
Ů
뿪ҺѡһŻѼǰߡ
ʷʵʦ֣Ϊʲô뿪ѽΪΣ𣿡
ôʦ֡
ЩΡ
Ϊʦ㻹ǣʦӦõģ޹ء
ʷɵ
ͲִˣҲΣգЩʬʲôֻǣĹĹӦòЩײĶ̫ͨⷽĹˮ׼
ŮԣЩʬһͷͷˣȴƲʲô
ǣĹĹײʲôģЩ
ʵ
ԡ
ͷ
һǰѭǰȥ
һ·໹̫ƽʱǰһ޴ʯš
Ĺڣ
ŮǱһϲ
ͷпܣϾѾ콫ⷽĹѨߵͷˡŮվԭزҪԼʯȥһƣʯŶʱƶȥ
ʯűƿһд˳˷ȥֻʯжӤȭͷСʯ飬Щʯɢ͵Ĺâһſž㣬ʯһƬ
ʯ
춯ݡ
ɽѰһһҹҲҵʯȻôࡣ
ҲǸϲ˰ɡ
ң˵Ŀƶʯҵһǣһɫʯ׾ĺţһϵĸо
ĹĹң
Ů˫۷Ź⡣
ʯҺܴ˽Уʯȥ
ʱһɿµͻȻʯź󱬷Ϯ

Ůȵͬʱһն
һĳ·նһʯϣֱֽһ顣
ʱҵʯźһбպϣһͷľ޴ʬʯź˫Ѫ죬ϲѪɫۼףɷˣһַǳΣյĸо
ʦ֣ǣ
ŮĲͷʬɢϢֲ̫ˣԶ֮ǰЩʬɱȡ
ĬĬͷŮٴκˡ
ͷѪ۹ʬȻоѹһвС
ػĹѨĹʬ˰ɣǾļһ
찵
ʱѪ۹ʬѾ˹д˵һצ졣
һ齣ʱ佣ݺᡣ



齣նѪ۹ʬϣȴֻǽһǻ֮⣬ȫЧ
ܿ죬һӹȥ쾹ǱѪ۹ʬгֱֽۣѪˮ˳
ʦ֣
Ůɫ䡣
ʬǴž綾һ֮
û¡

ԴһڸֱƸ󣬼ûʲô˵ǣѪ۹ʬĶȻʬһЩȴκβܸоЩƶк˲㱻ѪҺеεˡ


228 ر
Ѫ۹ʬȷʵԶͨʬǿѪ۷·һڼ᲻ɴݵװ㣬齣ޱȷ񣬵ȴʼնֻܻһǹ֮⡣
ʦ֣æ


ȵ
ŮֻǲѣﲻæΪۡ
Ѫ۹ʬһϵϢȻһ䡣
䣡
֮׻֮ͬʱ֯˶׾֮¡
һʱŮ붯ݡ
׽ǿĹֶˣǰǚiһչͬӰһΧѪ۹ʬɱÿһնѪ۹ʬǱͷʬȻǿܿ£Ͼûʲôǻۣж̫
ﬣ
ʮѪ۹ʬһ·ƵʯŽ
ʱ֣һɿֲԪʱƵ
ȭ
Ѫ۹ʬĲӴһȭ
һȭֿǿ˲佫Ѫ۹ʬĲӹᴩ´ƬѪ
һѪ۹ʬֱͦͦĵȥ
ˣ
˵ɴ˫ۣղһȭʲô̫ˣ
³һѪ۹ʬȷʵ£Ǹ֪ȴ̫һʶʿȲϣȻܲͻأļȭǼȭѹԪǿһɱѪ۹ʬȫԤС
ʦ֣ô
Ůӭ
û¡

𳤽ʯǰײĸƿ
һɸϢʯһ߿ݻƵǼܣȻĹʬѾµȫңʯУĶвٶҩƿʹ񣬻ƽ䣬似ȣŮۡ
ö౦
ʷ˫ֶһ
ɨһۣĿͻȻʯڵĿݹǵͷ­£ﾹһľϻͷ£콫ľϻȡ򿪣ֻкһ糤ľᣬӡǳϵ׭塭ر
˫΢ľرܲ򵥡
ȡСĵĴ򿪣һĿ¼УرɱʥʶʿУ޵£ͬʱƿУ䣬һһһһľһˮһʯԿΪ
򵥵Ŀ£һرòƺֲܿ
ʦ֣ʲô
ʷɺ
ûʲô
ҡͷһ֣ر뵽ʯС
ʯеıкܶ࣬ȴǺЩҲǱȲϿر֮һʯ˼ƿҩһЩͨ似ᣬǽøʷˣϾ߼ֵĶѾȡˡ
ʦ֣ô˼ʲôûö
ֵ
޷Щ˵ô󡣡
ҡͷ
ȴǼҡͷ¡
һЦһЩҩʲôģĹȺҽ꣬һЩ͵ǰΪͶȥл˰ɡ
Уһ͵
ʷɱ֤Ƶĵ
ЦЦ򵥷£ߵһߣŵʯЩʯɲ٣ӡƵĻԿӡǧˡҲЩȣĹҲ֪ѰôʯȻá
ܿ죬ʯӵеĶ
ʦ֣ʯŹرˣô죿ƺֻܴƿ

նǡ
˾䣬˵ţһնʱʯķѣһŮһ죬ɱն˴ʯţʵʵЩֲ
ͷɨһʯףת뿪
ĹߣԵúܼžԼһӺ뿪ʯҺԶ
ʱһӰѪ߰ߣĿľ֮ǰǷеһʿ
˹ƶ

̧һѪ𣬳Ӱʱز
Ůɨ۱նӰֻ˻ʺѪһɢһŨҵĶζʱһľС֮˳ȥһ˹ƶʿȺ˳Ĺʬ֡
ѵЩʿʬɱˣ
ɫ΢ס
пܣЩУӳȥĹûм

ŮԼǰ
ߣһͷͷʬȺһЩ˹ƶʿĿЩͨʬЩʬʿʵںܴһնɱܿʹӹĹ뿪˵档
ճĹŮǴһ
Ŀá
̫Σˣ
λʦҪȻǿ϶档
Ů
죬Ǹм֮ɫ
ҡҡͷͨĹǶѨ˶ٺһնһѨʱ̮氼ݣⷽĹȫס֪ĹѾûлˣȴܻйʬ˹ƶʬ壬ǱЩܻܳһҪĴңϾֹƶȷʵܿ¡
߰ɡ
Ů˾䣬ͳɽȥ
ûã˱߳⡣
ʱֵʱɽΧ˲ͬȺŮֱĿŮԶȥԼҲǳŷڵķȥ

Լһصڣȥִ¼¼ͻصס
ԪܾѪ¹裬Ĳݣʯȫˡ
찵
Ϣʱǿʼơ
ΪĽƣȻܶ࣬ȴǺСΪڿӡúҪüĴʹãʴڿӡʱԵޱȸӺͷڲ͸ƺ󣬺ķѴԼʱſӡʮơ
峿ӭųһǳǺȥǺһ۵Ľϥ£ֻ֮һƴСüλã漴˫ۣʼ
ˣ
˲䣬оͷ­ڷ·ʲô
ʶһɨƴһһĲڳʶ𶯣ַ𶯻ȥѭֻüĴһȣʶҲ·󺣱ַ·ǿˮ˰㡣
Ƿ֣ʶǿٶȷʵˣ֮ǰıࡣ
ȻЧ
찵Ծϲ
һ쾲һʶֵһǺµǵγһüĴʶһʶǿٶȱøһЩüĴĹâҲԽӵ財
Լȥʱ߳Ǻصס֮ͷ­ʶ˲٣ʱǽʶһ߳ʮ֮һܹʶһ֮С
һ룬ȣʮܴﵽʶڶء
Щϲ
˶٣Լƽغ÷ź󣬴ʯȡһ似ᡣ
ر
淭رԽᵽرĿ£ȼ꣬ȴΪֲͬʱƿУƾȡ˵ıʹ˵ıԼıɱڴ㲻䡣
رֱĹɱ
ľ


229 ʶڶ
رĳҪʶͱУʶΪҪΪҪʶԦУԣҪ߾߱ΪǿʶɨһۿرݣȻǿֲȴδ̾Ϳʼ
ڵʶȻԶһʶһʿǿ󣬵Ϊ˳رΪﵽʶڶٿʼҲʮҡ

뵽콫ر漴һƣʼ
ʶвһҪǺУֻǺһЩѣǣΪǺεĳ£ҪһֱʶȥֵǺȻûʱϵƣȴǲһֱǺϾʱʶͻΪֵǵȳĸɾ
ʴˣʶ׻ָǰֻ
ˣ
ƺԺжʱֻ֮ͷ­ڷ·һεĲһϴʶʶֲеǿ
ԴˣҲòпǿأ·ܣҲˣΪʲô˶Կʦǰ㾴ηһ룬ʦսͬʱܿӡعŹֵƣܲ£
һܿһҹ
峿ϴӭųɣǳǺȥһҹʶ첢ûиоƣǾþʢЩΪһҹʱ䣬ʶֱǿ˲١
ܿ죬Ǻһ۵Ľ£ʲôҲܣһƺ󣬱ǿʼǺڣ˶ܰһ㲻ˣ첻ı˻ῴüĴƣң˷ˣҲ⣬һ˿ɿʲô
һǺϣεĳ£ʱõֵԽˣѾԽǵȳʶ忪ԶţٶȥԼоʱ䣬ƿһǺӡ
ʱţʱܿȥ
ʱʶҪĸɾվ˳ȥ
ʶϵܿ徳Ҫ࣬һ죬ÿķʱǺʱסʣһʱϢˣȥպоԼҪͻˡ
һ죬Ǻ
վǺڣ̧ͷŵһǺӣһ漴ϥ£ʼתʶС
ˣ
ͷ­ڣ֮ͣصüҲǱԽԽ財
ˣܿʱȥ
һ̣ͻȻоüĴޱȵȣ·һպ˵Ķͷϣоһʹ漴ʮȥʶͻȻ𣬱ѾһʶͻȻ˲ָұóӯ
䣡
һͷ­쵽ܣֻо˵泩
һ̣оԼʶһ࣬ʶǿ
ͷǺӣ˸һ貾â
ҿ
ͳ
һ̣üĴâʢʶ·һ޼᲻ݵУնһУƿһǺµγݺݴ뵽һǺڲ漴ݵһӰֱӴӵһǺʧ
ܣ˷һĻһ
ƿһǺˣ˭
˾ȵ
ǺһȫŵӣΪǴʶһأ˿̷ƿһǺӣȻȣԤʾ˴ﵽʶڶ졣Ҫ֪ŵȻʶʶڶȴ࣬ŵһҲʶ۷ѡͻȻһ˴ﵽʶڶأʹŽЩԶԶ˦ܲЩ˶ݣϾûϣԼǿ˶ࡣ
ǲҲһǺЩ˵ı飬˿̣һƬµĿռƬռ俴ȥ͵һǺûʲôͬͷһǺӣֻǣƬǺϣǳԸ࣬Ը
ͻأһֻоһɿµѹϡ
ǵڶǺµѹȻǵһǺӿɱȡ
ľ
ȥڶǺֻˣ쵹û⣬ֱϥ£ԵڶǺµĸǿʶڶصΪǺڶ㣬ΪȻǴﵽʶڶ졣
ô̵ʱﵽʶڶأ֪ȻԼڷܿ̿йأĻƵã˵ûƵİڷٿ̿࣬ҲٵٺķһʱܴﵽȲΡ
ˣ
Լ񣬺ܿǹȥʱ
ڶǺѹ̫ǿ״̬ʱʶѾ˴롣Ҳʱվʶһչ˲ʧڵڶڣ³ڵһ㣬˶٣ֱ˳ȥ
߳ǺֻоرøЩܵһжʮϴܣʮᣬЩ΢СĻǶܹңԶͬҲĺ
ʶڶأʶǿ

˶٣һĨâرˣ
뵽첻Щڴ
ȵѰЩʯеı̫١

ɨһܣǳִȥ

һ
ִڣְ죬Щ棬ǵһ
ͷһıŹִֵöһһһЩر
ƷһŹֵƷ߰٣Ʒһǧ塣
ְ۵
ʱһԣǿΪ
Źֵ㣬һŹֵһң߰ٵ߰ңһǧٵŹֵһǧңҪ֪еƷ齣ҲŻѵһǧҶѡ
Ȼ齣ʱ򣬾۱˲Ŵ۸Ҳһǧ˰ҶѣڣһƷۣ͵һƷˣʹͷֱðߣʵ̫ˣ
ҲҪάճ
ְЦ
죺
ȻԴ˺ԣΪرˡ֮ǰǹĹѰ˲似Щ似ڵ˵ûʲôãֱӳ¼ʮݣȡңۻһǧٵŹֵ
ѡһʮƷ
㻻ô౦
ְ֡
棬𣿡

ְЦļ򣺡´ҸŻЩһԵõʮ似ͼңŵճչҲһݹףְ֪ʱۻŹֵԶˡ
ôְֱ˳ȥ
ִóûлסֱϿϿ֮ǰĵطܰûʲô޳ûҲзڵӵطԣرǳʡ
һҪƿصıԼʶӡ



230 ɱ
νʶӡʶڱϿһӡǣΪÿʶʿʶԲһԿӡʶӡ͵Լ֣ˣʶӡ뱾Դʶʹر˸õƿر
ʶӡţ
졣
¿һͿرϹڡʶӡļأʷһЩǿ󵽼ʿԼıʶӡôڱֻ䱾˲ſʹãⴥпܻᱻлɱ
첻ɵöݣʿ統ޱȡ

һտرϹʶӡļأ
Ҫڱʶӡȵòʶ̱Ͳô򵥣ҪķѲʱ;ʶ󣬻Ըǿʶõӡڱ֮ϣӼѡ
ˣ
ڵϣüĴһ罻֯䡣
ʶĹ൱鷳Ҫʶһһ飬ͬ©ɳȥֲڣ¾ϸ̣ҪεĽС찴ſرϵļطţֱʱȡһЩʶ
ӡϣ

ȡһüĴâʢֻһǻĹâüĴɢǰıӡȥ漴뽣ײһУľ߶ȼУΪֻ̲ʶУҪʶӡһֱϡ
ˣ
ʶͱײһ𣬷һĿĹâ
ֱȥʮһһʶֱ飬ûܹӡڱϡЩƣҲһ£Ͼֻǵһνһ¾ͳɹ
ϼأһЩǿʿһӡʶӡͬԷˮһ򵥣ǲΪǿҲΪ˰ɡ
찵
뵽Ǹ
ˣܿһȥ
һʱ췴ʶѾǵӦ֣ԼʶһδνʶӡǺķһգһպƿء
һ죬ٴȡһõʶüͷŶƵϣϰһΣʶǳѸٵ뱦Ϊһ壬ڱһϸСĽ硣
ʱ΢΢һֻоⱦʱ·Լһ֣ңȻҲһָоֻǱЩѡ
ɹˣ
΢ϲ
һӡʶӡıŵһߣʼӡڶ
ܿ죬ʮȫʶӡ齣Ͽʶӡֻ齣Щһˣƺ˲ǿ˲١Ȼ֪Ⲣ齣ǿˣʶӡƿظӾôһ룬ʱãʶӡίʵǺܾˡ
ˣʼر

վһĨ⡣رƽĻӽһƽؽҪ֣رȴǲȻرҪʶҲΪˣҪ߱ΪǿʶʶԽǿͬʱƿصıԽ࣬Ϊǿߣͬʱƿ
ֻãίʵܿ£
һתʶʱ䣬÷һߵıȫ˽ȻֱʮȴûһһΣԼȻһʼͬʱƿʮ̫̰ðˡ
³һһΣʶתֻʶͨһϵʶӡʱ䣬̶ĽХ˿СһЩ˵Ļ棬һ̾ȻԼ
ã
찵һ
ʼտرϵļأʶԦڿзնûޣǼԦűնһڽ֦УҲǷ֣ʩչرʶԪĶܾˡ
һƿȫ쿪ʼͬʱƿͬʱϸ߿գڸ߿նʱطһݺᣬܵ˴ѣһؽ֦ɱն䡣
ˣͬʱƿˡ
ı


߱
ʼڷϿرصסȥ
յԿرƿԽӵĴ

һۣӹĹѾȥʮ졣
죬һȺ꣬ΪǳڣһһһһϮ£ǲǰڹĹˣʶһأǰǿϬΪʶĸ߶ȣǳˡ
Ⱥˣ԰
Ⱥ˵ϽԴһɺ⣬ʱִãвִ߳
죿ʲô˼
ְü
ɫ°Ʒɣʦº꣬ʮǰһĵӺʦʦڱչأ˴ţƷɱָϣڽӽ£Ҫ֮ذȼʦغԴã
º곤ϣְһüΪ棿
ڵĳ֤
Ʒɵ
ְ
ܿ죬ϵ
ƷΪ棿
ְʵ
ͷȷʵ¡
ְʱûУôºˣºǰĳϣվǿ߰طһЩִºŵҲǱɫʵǸˣȻ£
ϣȻ˴治ˣҽ֮ץ³ϸͽɱǹУ³ϾϣԴ˺󣬴ҷްϸ𣡡
ִ££²
ְ
ߵְάӣѾˣϲɱͬűͷǺ³ϵȥָ׹ħҷڽһƬɣ
֮ˣ
ְ
˵ţְһִµ֮ȥϾ漰ĳϣ漰һվǿߣ£ѾǴﵽ˿ɾ֮ĲΡ
Σ壬ѵһɱħͷ

ְмɨһۣӦ
棬ƷһȺǱ
ʱһһţֳԵúܰΧ˲ٷڵӡ
ֹȥʮӰ
ˣڵȫɫһ࣬ǽ𾪡
޳ϣ
һдȻְҲ⡣
Ʒɼ޳ϡ
Ʒǰְִ£Բ⣬ԷڵͳϣȴǲòԴƷ󣬺һЩͨİȻҲûгɣһǶд
Ϊһ꣬ʷǷǿʣŰƷɵ˵ͷ
鶼Ѿ
ʵ
Ѿʣſ񣬲ΪŰ裬һĹﺦº곤ϵ£ŵĳ֤Ϊش죡
»ûʹ챾ˣ¶ۡ
ְ
⻹Ҫʣְ㻹ϵʱ
ߵ
ƽִ컽ô˵


231 ط
֮ĻȻϵģû˸Υʱǰȥͨ졣
Σϻλ
Ц
ְɨ䣬Ƿ̡
ʱĵӸϻأ첢ס
Ӧᣬȥ
ְ
ͷ뿪
ܿ죬һʱȥ
ʱ򣬷Ͽ˳ҹУرСɾ磬ѾͬʱƿʮƷ֮ȥѰĥ£ľ磬ʩչرͨİ˼ޣѾնɱ
֣߳ŷϿȥ
ܣ˶죬ǶݣɫȡһʱĳϸͽҪ˵¿Ѿ˸飬֮˳зڵӶ֪ˣ˿̼죬Ź֡
ɨܣȻоЩ˵ɵü
Ҳû⣬ץϣܿǵڡ
죿ԭ
һ
Զһ꣬Щӣᡣ
ʦ֣ôˣ
档
ᶢ죺ʲô£㶼֪
֪
ˣ˵㺦˰һϵҪŽ㽻Ǵذ޳϶ˣ˳
ἱ
΢㶣漴Ц֪˵ʲôˡ
Ϊûойƶºƹ⣬񣬰鷳ˡ
㣬߰ɡ

죬᲻ɵ̾Ϣ
ʦ֣û¡

óġ

һ𣬺ܿ죬ǰĿƽ̨
ϣˡ
񣬶ŷ޳ϵ
Ŀȥǰվһ˺һߣ˺ܿʣϢǿǵվࡣһ۱Ͳ³֮ߣӦþ޳ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һ쿴һ꣬Įߣһͬɫĺ꣬꣬ȻʶһڹĹºƹߵˡ
죬㵨ӲСҲк֪֪ͬ

ִ£ͳδڣô£
ְ
ɫһȴҲǲ˵ʲô
ְķ򣬶죬Ǳ޳ϡ
Ȼְ˼˺ߣ΢΢һ񣺡죬޳ϡ
Ŀ죬һʱ䣬һҲûУԵЩ䡣
һΣǹȥ

޳һ䡣
ͷ죬ʲô˵
Ȼ֪˵ʲôԵĵգӲºƹ⶯һ֣ºƹڹʬʬ֮£û˿ϵ
ǵʱңûܼʱүүλйƶ£ڵĳֵ㻹Ʊ磡ֵܣΪ֤
ȵ
Աߣͷȷʵˡ
ܣһΧ߽ǻȻ
쵭ɨ۳꣺Ǵ㣬һ£Ϊʲô㣿蹷һҧңѵҪվҧɣ
˵ʲô
ɫһŭ
˻˵Ƿ蹷ҧˣǻá

ʲô̬ȣôͰĵ˵ģ
ȵ
䵭ָź꣬ô˵ѵҪϹϾʣ裬˵ҷڵϣ

ŭ
ְִ£컰ȻªЩòƲûʲôΪͬŵĵӣƽȣô˵ɡԼǷڵִ£ǰִ£
㣡
ɫһ࣬ȴǲ֪Ӧˡ
޳һߣƽһԲֻǾš
궢죬ҧгݣˣү˹ƶȴǲԮ֣ȣϳ֣ү
ԣ첻ɵôЦ

첻м
ɫȭͷ
ʱڣĴ֦ͬ˶Ȼȣȴǲ֣˵ɱ˶Է
ִ£ʵôǿʶıµͦЦΪȶûȣˣԼɱ˶ԷҲˣһͣѵǻȥˣ
һڵ뵹죬ǹ󰡣ͳϵ棬ȻҲ˿輰䡣ʱҲ죬ΪĻʵ˺ѹά
ϣŭ㿴ʲôˣҺôִ£ΪŵӣȴǶû˿⣬ƷУԲ
ƽƫͷ졣
Ҫ㣬͵ʹԼ߱𾴵ʸ񡣡

⻰˵Ĳ
ְ΢Ц
ְһһͣɫΪ˵ô໰ǣÿһοڶûֵô
Ʒʱǰһŷһ񣬵Σʦ֮йϵΪȫںͰ꣬ӽƷɣϾʦֻһиС
Ʒɺܴȥִºƹ⾿ֻ轫ذɡܿ϶ܻΪһŵӶĳִϾʵʦº겻ȷ
ɫ΢ɵȻ֪Ʒʲô
ԶһȻǺͰƷһ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼ˷ϡ
Ŀ죬Ʒɣʿ磬ǿΪսһʤˣˣԼ˻ذսᡣ
ɣ
ְɫһ䣬ƷվºһΪʶ죬ǿ̫࣬һս첻ʤ㣬սǰٷ֮ٵ¡
ְѿڣ㻹ʲô
ߡ
ʱǵģƷһսֻа֡
ƷһĨâŷһ񣬵֮ԡ
˵ţƷɨ죬սʤ˲ܴ죬ڰƷɿⲻǷԸֱӽ콻ˣϾֱӽԼŵĵӽŴã·ŶԼµĵ˿ҲںŵӶŵĹн͡ʱһսʤ˺죬ǾֲһˣΪǿܶ࣬һսضʤ˿Ȼƫ
ˣƷɵҲͳ׶죬ǱȻĽ֡
ʱ䳡һս
޳Ͽڡ
˵ţ޳Ϻͷڿն𣬵ȳŵ䳡ȥ
Ʒɣ֣Ҵǰ䳡
лֵܡ
ƷЦ
ɨ죬Ʒɵųһȥ䳡
ޱ飬̧ͷ޳ϣ˸Ĺ⡣
죬⣬
̾Ϣ
ʦֲصġ
ôܲģǿǰº곤ϵͽаİط˵ѾͬʱƿؾżУսԶͬʿǿ󣬺ųͬ޵а
쵹һ㶣ͬʱƿؾżУ
ôͿرЩƣ
ΪǱסˣ͵֮Խ֣ΪһΪޱǵͬʱƿȫԹɱΪҲֻмʸǳ¡


232 ҽ
ĻЩ죬֡
֮õġ
Ц
ͬʱƿؾżУͰƷһսܾûȤ
̾ϢֻڰοԼ
һ𣬲ʱ䳡ʱ䳡ѾӰĳϸͽҪһս⾪ˣ󲿷ֵӶˡ
Ǹˣ
һս֪Ρ
ǸƷɣ˵аİطǳ£Ǻˣǡ
ٷڵСš
һߣƷɶԭأİЦΪǿ֮һЩӿǺƷɵжǿһʶǿ߶Ƕ֣οڵһŵӡ
䳡Ͽգ޳ϰվš
ɨһۣƷɣɫĮ
Сһô
ְʵ
죬ְЩģ׷ΪʲôȾϡ
û£һὫſ¡
Ц
ְЦһŵĺܡ
һЦţǿߵıرҪ֮һ
ְһ㶣⻰ȷʵǲɵĶͷ
ܿ죬ʱǹȥ
ʱ䵽
ִ¿ڡ
䳡̨ϣƷһԾһ㣬˲ȥ
Ʈݵ
зڵӾȡ
Ʒվ̨ϣ˫֣ĮĶ죬·ԼĳӡȶǿװȻȻɢһʣ˲졣
Ʒɣ治򵥡
ְ
ŰƷɣְ쵣
쵭ɨ۰Ʒɣߵ̨ߣһԾȥ
죡
һоͻᱻʦִܡ
Ȼ
аȡЦ
̨ϣƷɸ˫֣Ȼ㺦˼ʦվʵ˲٣ֵĻᣬڣҲطڡ
ǰʦ֣ġ
ǣ
Щˣȣ
ӳ
У齣֣һն˹ȥ
וּһһɽڵӣ񱩵Ľֱˡ
èһȥ

һ˵ɣľղһ̫¡ͬʱЩ˵ɫҲǱúѿվ̨ϣȻǶ֣ʵ̫ˣ
ˣ˼ɰ
ʲô˼ɣ͸ˣһȺСɫѣ˱Żһקӣã
ǣɵƯ
зڵӳ
Щ˵ŵĺܴ󣬶ʱİһЩɫѿȴŭԣϾǷڣǱ˵ĵ̣ݲ̫Ұ
̨ϣƷɶ죬ɫЩΪһɰڵʮӣЩ棬ϾЩġ
죡
Ʒ֡
̧齣ֱָƷɣڽſǰ˵һ仰ʦºƹ⣬ǸСССͱݶиүүĴΪΪˣ¶ԣ˵һĪ¡Ȼ󣬳Եʲôĳ̳ʲôôʦҲǸʲôö㣬ҲһǸºƹЩ̨ˡ
Ȼ˾Աɫ
ˣȻֱĳϺͰƷɣ
ļ¡
ĵǸŭɱĶ졣
Ʒɵɫñһʧԭأһ̳࣬һѾն죬Ȼһ
ÿ죡
Сģ
зڵӽе
̨ϣıƽһΣ齣бնࡣ
ײһ졣
㲻˵ڲ𡣡
쵭
˻Ȼƽȴ˷̵ζ
ƷɫҸעˣ˵ţһеĽܼԪ֮⣬ˮһ㣬նؿڣ
𣬻ǸƱˣȻʲô˾ӡ
˵
齣һâбն
һٴײһֱľâ
Ʒ˫۱䣬ųһ졣еĽΪƷǿ߳ս˿̣Ԫע룬ͬ
ն
һȴƷһӳһ潣ֱȥ
âĦȻȻ棿
ÿ£ǶԪ
ǿĵӣȻܿ¡
ľ
ȴޱ飬齣ն
וּһһͬ׻âϯ̼佫ƷɵĽâɡңʱ׻âûоʹʧƲļŰƷɳȥ
⡭
˾ȡ
ն˰ƷɵĽâҲδɱƷɣһǿ
Ʒɫ΢̧һ͵ĽĽâն顣
򵥣С㡣
죬Ʒɳ
ȴôʶأ̶ȶѡ
쵭
Ʒһ䣬ı䡣
ˣ
һҵԪڳϣƷɳų˵ƻȻڽֻǹȥѣɢƾһͨĲԭ̨Щ˿ȴǲͣĺˡ
וּһƷɶˣбֱָ
ʱһɷ񵽼Ľɢ
ɫ΢ƷɹȻ򵥣ȷʵЩ£٣ʱһоѹ
Ȼֻһ˿ѡ
ᴩ
Ʒȣκʹǰʧˡ
ֻоһɴ̹ɿ쳯ԼϮһһնһǰһλãһСذױ˳ȥʹ΢䣬ȻһذףǰƷɱˡ
ն
ʱ߿ϣһ
Ʒɲ֪ʱ˸߿գһն£۵һ塣
ļ£ȻһȴٴαɫӰɢȥֻǲӰ
⡭Ȼ˲ӰҪεȾ˵ٶȣ
ļ¡
ʱƷɶݣٱܿʮâ
ٶͦ졣
һ̨Ե
ֱʱ˲ŷ֣Ȼƶʮһλϡ
Ʒɶ죬һһնȥ
һΣƷѡ濹⣬һ·ÿռ䶼Ť
һĻһ
ӲӲϲ
ﬣ
Ӷ齣ͬƷһ㣬ն¡



ʱ䣬˵ĳһδײһ𣬲̶ͣĽ
ƷɵɫЩȣʿǴʶ죬ҲһֱڼǣһͬʿܱȵǴ˿̣ĳÿһκײһֱ۾Щ飬ȻǱǿ
뵽ƵɫǸһ̣ӰȻһΣʱߵӰÿһӰʵ߸ͬĽǶȷ·볯ͷ­ն˹ȥ
Ӱһɱٶȿ켫ʶҲѰ壡
ʶ۷似ʦ־Ȼʹ似ˣ
ôһֵĲҲˣ
ӵ
Įͫƶһǰ

ƷɵߵӰȫʧе齣Ʒгһ


233 
Խ⣬̶Ħһ˶Ĥ·Ҫˣʹޱȡ
ôܣ
еӷ
Ӱһɱ似ʶ͸Ѱ壬ôܷ֣
µ𣿡
ûпܣһ˾ǲ£Ҳܲµʦֻ湥ͨն߻Ŷԣֱ档ңȻֱӵס˰ʦֵĽ⣬ͷ·ۿ˰ʦֵж
˶סˡ
̨£ְ¶ɫСһôģӰһɱǰľ֮һƷɵĶȴ׼ȷס˰ƷɵĹʼԵúܴݣûаҡ
ϣ޳ϲ
ΣǲǺܳɫ
޳Ц
죬⣺ʦѾʮ겻£ǷľʣŽ֮ͻšͺŵʦ֣ʱʦҲ㾪žޡ
޳⣬ɵ̾Ϣ
ôȥǷŲ°̫ϳѾˡ˵ţ޳̨еǣ˵ȻڲСһʵǣСһΪϾ˰Ʒɲ٣һˣѵġ
ܵģʦֵĵӣܣ

죬гš
޳һЦҲǵ˵ͷϾǸ˵ĵӡ
̨ϣƷųɫĶ졣Ӱһɱƿصɱ֮һȴǱһΪԶ͵ɵ
ôģһ䷨ʶ͸Ŷԣ۾ܿ
Ʒɳ
ãһ㣿
ƽӰһɱ似ȷʵǳĿ£ţʶĵȷȷղƷɵı۾Ҳǣ۾ʶ׽νһｵһʱôŹ֣ʶ׽Ʒɣȴ֪˰Ʒɵж
ﬣ
һ齣̶Х쳹ʮâն䡣
ƷɻгݺһնĽȫն顣ϾʶʿǰϵͽսԿһʶǿߣʵȻηâһնС
ܺãұ㿴֧Ŷã
Ʒ
һԪӿ˻ġ
ֵſ¡
쵭
˽ýһâϯ̨нâ˳ȥĲΧɫ䣬ٴγΧȥ
ǿ£
˲亹



̨ϣӰͬһ˸ʱһˣʱһǰ壬̨ϲϱ任λãһЩʿԽԽѿǵĶģ˵ٶȸ죬ͬڽΨʶǿܿ塣
ˣͶѣȻ˿µʵˣ
˲ã˲ð
ô㣬ڵȰƷɿСң
ڲִ¾ȡ
ܼĽą̂ϲϽ֯ƷɵɫĽкܿ죬ƺǿÿһΣȴƽȵĽĳ£ĽԿңУǷıһֱƽƺûΪֵĹоɫԽӳ
䣡
һɸǿԪӰƷɵĽţһ̣Ľ·һͨˣֱ۶ڸԪݻɵĹâС
׺գ
ʦֵ֮һʶ۷似
һУһֵģ
קȭͷ
˵ĺͣصʱƣƷгϵĹâԽԽ貣𶯵ҲԽԽԼ䣬ֻһâӰ֯תۼ鲼ڰƷܣңȽâӰڲӡ
⣬ôôལӰ
ļ¡
̨£ְüΪһ
İ׺գƷɣȻѾ˳̶ȡɫأһУûĿԵԺϱǸֳЦƷԽǿĽֱԽңڿһ㡣
Ʒվ̨ϣֳֽתԪĽӰӡһ̣ܼĽӰ·۳һΧǽƷ˶УȺԿ彣ӰмİƷɵӰ
춢ǰ΢
ʶصİƷɣȷʵǳǿ
ǰ𣬿񱩵ĲԪУ·Ǵ˵еתĿ׵ž춯ľһ̣һ˸ӾȵУһ׻֮ͻȻڳһ֯һȫ
ﬣ
Хһ·ֲĽĲ
⣬⣬⡭
ףʲô˰
ְֱ
ļ¡
Ҳʱ̨ϣͰƷͬʱˡ
ɱ
ն
Ʒ𶯳ɰǧĽӰĳȥݵ죬·Ҫռ䶼ᴩڴˣĶޱȼ򵥣ֻ˫ֳ齣ΪԭʼĻӽʽ϶£һն䡣
ײƷɵĽӰ˲ȫ˺ѡ
飡
飡
ӰԳ󵹷ɣһ·˵̨Ե
ѭȥֻ˵ЩǶѪˮ
ô᣿ʦ־Ȼˣ
Ӱһɱ׺գʦֵֶˣѵֵܱʦóǸط
ʶǿһսʦҲûƵز
ĵȫסˡ
ڶ죬ֻѪҺһڡ
죬
ǷھȻһˣȻܹͰϵĸͽǸƷսȳ̶ȣ
ģЩˣ
ٷڵӺǼ
ǿ
ս˫ȭ
̨ԶһЩĵطɫͲôÿˣҲû뵽ȻƷնǰǿ似ƷƽɫʹɫΪһУǶûĵ
һߣıȻҲôÿֻһŵӣսȴ˿£ȻܺİƷս˳̶ȣսǿֹһԪܲһ˦ôԶ
Ʒɶ죬ޱȷ
ʵ˵Ҿˡ
Ʒɳ
쵭ĮĶŰƷɣ̶Ⱦ㾪ȣ
ĻǳƽȴǴһ˿̡
Ʒɶʱһһâ֯
ﬣ
һ𣬰Ʒ߻ȻһǳУǳ࣬ͬë޻һ㣬ڿУ֮󣬵ڶ֣ڰƷһ࣬ǵı
תۼ䣬Ʒ߶ű
űȫڿУ죬ͬᡣ
ǣ

ǡط
ʿɫ


234 ر
ű˶ʱ˱ɫ
⡭ʦ־Ȼʩչ˰ط
Ǹ죬Ȼ潫ʦֱƵһ
ľ
̨ܣһΧ߾Զݡ
ˣ
˵
ǿطĴ˲֪һ򴿴ɱΪĿĵҲΪˣϰİƷɣսԶͬʿǿ
ְüͷɫ΢ס
̨ϣƷɶ죬ɫƽһš
ܱʩչط˲𡣡
Ʒɵ
űҽǱɢϢ˻̿֡
ǹ𣺡˼
Ļս߶һ㶣˼ʲô
Ʒۣһݵĳᴩȥ

ļ£طȻ£Ȼ˵ز
ٶȼ죬ң屾źХĽÿЩ˻
쾲վԭز齣һ׽âһնɳȥ
ڶ
Ʒɵ
ݵһƷߣڶȥ
ͬʱɱӸǶȽ໥ϵޱ·͸ǿڻӶϺ£ңӸ乥ɱ졣
չΣոյһڶַ˹

Ľ
彣
Ʒɵ
ʱ䣬һɱ죬ԵЩǱ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
չǚiӰ𣬲Ųƣ齣Ҳһδλӳ
ٶȲٶȣҵʶϣҵİط£ûӱ˵ĿܣʶҰһзΧɹ˲Ϣ
Ʒɵ
˵ţ˳ȥ
룬ʱ䣬ľø



齣һδεǰıϷײ֮ǣӦԣƬ̺˲١
߽
Ʒɵ
߱Х·
һѪðֱһ¶ȵƤȻıȴǺƽ׽â𶯣ٴնƽƷɵİٺһн߱ͬʱץᣬವһƷɡ
ݣ
ƿ֮𣬵ڰ˽ɱȥ
һ٣һɲǣ߱ȴٴɱ˹
ʵսǿǣԪж٣ܼεҵĽ
Ʒɵ
˱𶯣Ʒԭزǰ˱ȴ·Լʶ㣬ӸͬĽǶȹɱ죬һЩǶȿƵĺѱܿ
ʱԵøǱܡ
⡭
Ǹ죬Ѿȫ·
ǰط𣿺ÿ£Ĺ˭ܵס
˱˱һɱͬʱĸ֣һܹӦֱǾɱ֮˿ųУɵð亹ȰǿͬʱҲǿΪȻܹ¼ôã˿ǰֻǻԼȥһ˲ͻᱻնɱ
ƾҲͰʦֶս֪ν
طնУ
ܽʦֱƵزʦóҲˡ
ڵӵ
ϣ˫֣Ŀ̨
Щ鷳ˡ
޳ϵ
طɱΪ޳Ȼж£ƾطһȱΪĴǿǧɣͬܵסططһնɱκͬʿ
꣬ʦһ˱ܺɨͬţʦֵĵӣҲԡ

޳ϲЦλǹŹ֡
ﬣ
̨ϣ˱һɱ
ǚiӶ׽˱һսԵޱǱ˵ҰУ˿ƷɶȻȴֻע⵽ĶǱȴ֣ı飬ʼպƽ
ھŽ
Ʒɵ
һɳűһ𣬷ӳһܲ͸硣
ĽűײʱƣȴԵԽԽǱֻʮѣֱն˲٣ÿһζֻǿܿ



뽣ײ𣬼Ϊ̶
ʮץסᣬһնͲİ˱һ𵴿
ȻʱھŽǹ˹Ҳܲ
ֵܹڣò˵еʵڸýˡ
Ʒɵ
һ˽Ǳɫ
ˣ
Ц
˵ǣɫüΪѿ
һ̣ͨϵķ΢΢ݣҪ֣ȴסˡ
ݣ
ſһ棬Ƹǿ
һƾɱ
һ˶ܱܿڣΪһǹ˽ǣ£첻ܣ޷񵲣֡

޳ɫ΢䡣
Ķ죬ģڲܵסǰ£Ҳܵס
һ˲䣬ɱһѾԶ
ﬣ
ʱ˾ɻУĿͻȻһŵâɱĽ˻ȥһ졣
ʮѽԼĽ£Ǹʲô
˱Ź֡
˾ȣʦ־ȻѾͬʱƿʮѱˣǿ˵ţ⿪ڵЩɻ󣺡ʦʲôôԵʮסھŽңʮʲôʱ򱻻ģû
Ҳû
ôʲôʦֿ϶úýѵֵġ
ԡ
һ˴Ц
ϣ޳϶䳡ϣ˿̽Ƕݡ
ǰѱǣ
ûдĽ
˸Ǿɻʶ죬ôñڿУյ˵ûпŶԡ
ʱ򣬻һ˶ݣǱְĽְϤˣǲǰִöһı˿̣˰գ
̨ϣƷȻҲΪļ֪֮һκζǱĽ
㡭
죬Ʒ¶ɫһɺܲĸо
鵭Į齣һ˲䵴ƷɵбʱվڳУͷһ֮ǰסƷɵھŽǱ˿̣ĽֱֱĶ׼˰Ʒɣˡ
棬ʱ˱ɫ
ѽǰƷɵĽ
⡭ƺ治ǵӣĽ
Ľôܣǽڿаòֻаط˲£վ£ûñղŶԣ
˽ľ
ʱ԰ƷɵɫǾʣĶ졣
ʱХ
鵭ĮͷĳһವնƷɡ
ƷɱɫھŽӭһ漴˽ٴγɱȥ
ﬣ
ߣһ֣ӭƷɵİ˱ͣص⣬Ⱥ߱նǰ
⡭
ͰƷһҲ
ôܣ
һ̣˶ɫ·˰㡣


235 ط
űȺ֣߳ͬ㣬ವӭǰƷɵĽȫһĻʱ̨ܵ˶ɫ
ǣ
һڵӾȻͬƷһ㣬ͬʱƾű
⣬Ҳǰط𣿡
ôܡȻҲûܰ
ǣ⣬̫ˣ
˽ԺȻ



̨ϣʮ˱໥ײϷ
ְǲŵı飬漴ƺ뵽ʲôǼһǰִöһʮȻˣ
Աߣǽʯ
ʱͬϵķ޳϶ɫ
ǸСһôǵܰ
޳ľ
˸貾âϸֳһο
˶ȵʱһߣɫȴѿ˼㣬ԭΪƷɿ׾ٵս첢նɱȴ̬һٱ䣬쾹Ȼչ˺ͰƷһģһֶΣ߽˰ƷɵĹ
ﬣ
һʮ˱Ͻ棬һ𵴿
Ҳţ
Ʒɴ
űһ𶯣ХĻɱ졣
鵭ĮľűһһӭϣͰƷɵľűײһ
һֶΣ߲ײһʱ䣬˭Ҳʤ˭
ʱһԣʮ֣ХųƷɡ
㡭
ﬣ
ʮɿƷµߵĻϣֵ
ƽʮһ֣նɱȥ
ƷɫһͣǾɫ
⡭
ʮһȻǸƷɻࣿ
⵽ô£
ȺɫԱˡ
̨ϣƷ־ŭͬʱֵʲô⣬ֻһӳɱſȻһ̣Ʒɵɫٱ䣬Ϊ˵ʮݵն˹
ߣʮ֣
ﬣ
ʮ𶯣ɫĽϯգ۵һնڰƷؿڡ
ƷؿѪһʮ
㡭
죬Ʒ˫ۡ
ޱ飬ֻ΢΢һĮĻȣ־ǰ󲻵¡
Ļ£ʮĽ֡
ݣ
ƿ֮𣬵ʮĽ˲նƷɡ
ʮıоŽ԰ƷɵľŽ彣ǹɱƷɱ塣
ƷеֵǣͬʱӦʶΪҲ֧ţңĸţԼľűƿʱ࣬űЩ

Ʒŭ
ֻǣȷŭû˿ãΪһ̣߳˵ʮ彣
ಣ
ʮ彣ĳ֣·һʯѹ£һƷɼͷ
Ʒƺߣʱľűƿرú
ʮȻͬʱʮ
ʶİƷҲֻƿؾŽȻͬʱƿʮ彣
ˣҪˣҪˣ
Ӷɳˡ
ԭƷͬʱƿؾűѾܾˣη徴ηȻڣ쾹ȺʩչʮǺεȵĿ¡ʱ򣬲˻֮ǰڰƷɽµǱ״ɵֱ顣
һֱʵϻ
૵



̨ϣ뽣ײ֮ϡ
˿̣ˮתǿİƷɱƵĲϺˣϳһѪۡ
ޱ飬ʶһչʮ
ǿ㳹׻
ŰƷɣ쵭
ƷɫһŭһԪǡ
ߣ
Цʶӿʮ𶯵ĸϯʮ
ײϻ죬ģƷһˣⴴ
̨ϣ˽Զݣһ̣Ʒɵİ֣
Ǵ͵ѧҰ
Ʒɴ
ʱ򣬰ƷɵɫޱطǿҲǰƬĸеĸڣһڵŵȴƺҲұƿصĸøǿǶľ޴
ңǶ԰ľ޴
ҿ԰⵱ɥȮİ𡣡
˵
㡭
ƷɶʱŭӦ
ƷԾŽסоŽͬһʱ䣬ҪӦնߵ˶ʱΣ֣ڼŽƿԽԽ
ˡ
Į
̧齣׽â𶯣һն
וּһһĽϯϣһ˲佫ƷɵľŽȫ
漴ƿбɲǼƷΧ
һ̣ʮĽͬʱ׼˰Ʒĸ䣬üģ˫ۣǺ࣬ǷĽʱİƷɼ亹
֣Ѿʡ
ʦ֣ˣ
૵
Ʒ־ŭȵ㵽Ǵ͵ѧİطҰĲ֮أֻΪ˿㾿ϰã
ط͵ѧ
Ц
ϴһ˿мһΣ˲ڰƷߣһ߳
һƷɵɣֱӵ䵽̨Ե
㡭
ݣ
Ʒɿڣ֮ǰһֻ³һֱû˺ģΪʱʮ˲ǰʮѽı佣Ӳһ룬˳ʱ̲ס
л
䵭ĸŰƷɡ
ƷŭӣֱָԼʮȴǲٿڡ
û˵͹ȥ

˵ţ̧һţֱڰƷɵ°ϣһƷ̨߳һţǲûô飬ʹðƷɵ°ѾʣڵϺֱӻ˹ȥ
ʦ֣
˴󾪣Ʒ׹ĵط
һ̣ܣһΧ߽ǵԲ˫ۡ
Ӯˣ
Ǹ죬ս˰ϵĸͽ˺ųͬ޵еİط
Ҳط
ڴ󲿷˶סˡ
ʱڣΨͳɫѿ
Ͽգ޳ϼǸˣǲ졣
Сһô£ȷʵͰط񡣡
޳ϵ
Ժ
üҲ˼Уô
̨ԵһƷɣ־ֵֿĶ졣Ϊս˰ƷɣΪʩչȫͰطһ
У޳ϳԼǿԻȥˡ
˶ʱ£ûж˵һ仰ŰƷɣҲƵ뿪䳡ǿİƷɰˣվǿҲˣĻҼ£ܷڵ˲ôǣǴ˿ֻպܻ
ʢ˶飬ʵûб˵ˣ
գۼ䣬һʧ䳡ڡ
٣֮ǰһקĲˣڣһǹܡ
˷̡
Ⱥ죬жֳηŵ̫꣬ǿˣ
ﬣ
ʱ졣
̨ϣ̧齣ֱָȺеĳŹأﵽʶңսһŵԽš


236 Ͼƹ
ɫʱˣޱȵѿ쾹Ȼʱս
ȷʵﵽʶսһŵӣʤɽţʧߣǵûصţңڲսŵӡ
ֺˣǸƵ𣿡
⡭
̨ܣ˵ۡ
ҧЩɫԵøѿϵĸһ
죬α˹֣Ϊͬܽ𣡡

ΪѣŶµĹأսΪѣ

ƷɶܴܣԶȳǿսǹ

ЦѵҪڱʱսһͣĻȥˣ飬ֵ⣬ҾҪΣҧң

ʱһŭ
ɨ䣬
̨ܣһΧ
漴˶
ȺУקȭͷնЩŤҡ䣡ƷɶܴܣƿǰǿֶΣȥһоͻ̨ܱȥֱۣ䣬̫
ʱ򣬳Щˣڲð졣
⣬ˣ
ϻⲻǺѵȥŹһ
⵹Ҳǡ
˵
ְִǰһŵﵽʶ磬սŵӳ䣬Դ˿̿ʼΪµŵӣΪŵӣסڲսŵӡ
ȺʱȻû뵽ְô˽
һ룬ˡ

ƨã˭۸Լŵˣ֤
ǣƾʲôǵþһŵˣ˵Ǹʲôϵѹʲôö
ǣ
˶ųҡͷ
ﻹܣֱתܳ䳡
ɫǷͳϻϿգֱӻ뿪
ʱ̨ϣĽٴ̧
䣬̨һս

⻰Ⱥʱֱ˫ۡ
ʲô
ʶذ
Σʵ˵֮ĲɲǸƷɶˣǵִ£пҲ䣬ܽ
ִ̨òʷһɣ
⡭
ȷʵǡ
Ĳ
ɫʱޱޱѿִ£Ȼᱻһŵ̨裬Ƕľ衣
һ㲻ɣն㣡
ȵ
á
Цʮɱ
˳һЩڵļ£Ȼ䶼ɵò¡
ˣס֡
һ
޳ϴڵ̨ϡ
ԭҪ̨ȥͷ£ɵ΢΢ü
ϣ̫ſøЩѵ

޳ϵɨһۣģܰٷ֮»
ɫһͣɵȭ
춢̨ϵˣԣֻûѹ
Ͼվǿߣŵλͷ
죬

˵ţת̨ȥ
㣬Щɻ
ȥСһ
޳Ц
ְŵĵһʱųϺˣ޳ϺͷǵǸ˵ĵӣΪǸ˵ĵӣȻͶ࿴ԲŻŰƷɲʵԵĽǺ⣬վ޳ҲɵЦˡ
ʱѾ̨ƽĳȥ
˶٣ʮ̨ȥ
죬ȥģ
֪
񣬸ȥˣ⡭
˺档
̨µȺΨְٲµЩʲôЦ¡

ڣΪȺ䳡ǣԵúܰ
ڷŷĲһ·ȥ
ܿ죬һӹȥ˭Ҳڡ
֮ǰͰƷһս˾ðƷɴߣǷ񲻸ˣ
ƳĬ
£ȴǲڣȷʵܲˣڣĶЩ䡣
Ҳ⣬ңҲ᲻ˡҪ㣬ֻ˻һˣҲỤ㣬ϾʦΨһĵӡ
£ֻǲ
Щ죬һʦ֣ǸϾƹʦ֣
ͷȴЩɣ̾ʦѾܶ겻ţԭ֮λʦֵģʦڣڿ۷壬ֻǣһ귢һЩ£ʦֱ뿪ţѾȥˡ
üڻʳʱᵽ¡
һ꣬׷ʲô£
ʵ
Ͼƹ£Ǻ֪ġ
ҡͷش𣬶ǿڵҴȥˡ
΢ɣȴǲ˵
ŷһ𣬺ܿ죬һһɽϡɽԵúľϷһµĵطһӵéݣ±Ե
ʱ±Եһ׷ֶԶ
ʦˡ
͸¶ż𾴡
һʦȻ˽ʦô˵񲻾Ƿڵ̫ϳϣ
˵ͷ˿ߵһߡ
Сһ
ɱ죬ƽ
Գɣ˹ȥ
ֱ쿿˲ƫͷ죬ЩŹ֣ΪͺһүүڿԼһκ¶Цݣͬһ飺ܲĺܲ
˵ţԴǴһ˿ζ
ָоʵúܱŤֻǣֲ֪˵ʲôֻεվšһ룬ȻǷʦǱϾƹʦô˵ˣʦˡ
찵ţǼͽķӦ
˽ƿȥʮٴοڣʦں𣿡
һ㶣Ͼƹ
ӦòɣϺ
˵
ˣһֱ𡣡
˵ɫʱȻЩ
˶٣ʵϣ굽׷ʲô£ȷʵܺ棬֪Ͼƹͬ𣬷ڽɣһˣȴ뿪ţȾܺ档
գϷŮԭҪΪӵŮӣһ󡭡ˡ
һ漴Ǹоһɱ⡣
ϣԲ𡣡
Ǹ
ҡҡͷ꣬ϷʧȥŮȻȻ㽫ŭ˳ϣϷԹΪûб˵ֻǣϷˣϷʧȥŮҲͬʱʧȥˣϷֻŷйԼĲȴʼûй˼ĸܣһ꣬ҹȻ뿪ˣһ֮Ҳûл
˵ϷƳ˷ڣԭҷǧ겻ľţͲĻվҲʲôѵ£ֻǣº˵Ƿˡ˵Щ΢Ǿͺ񡭡Ϸһնǰ·


237 
ܹо̫ϳϵİ⣬ϣ̫Ҳȫ㡣룬ֿڵңʦȻȾƣûΣΪȴɷǳǿ󣬺ûµ١
£漴ҡҡͷ
˵ҲϾվΪȻǿ
˵
ĺ˵δǰҼĹȵĹʦһƣʦѾˡλ̫ϳͦϾƹʦҲͲ
£˵Ĺ˫Ѿͷ
һ
һ㶣˫

֪˵֣ͻȻʼǳƺΪ㡱ôһ룬˵˫Ӧþ˱ˡ
˫˵Ҳˣ
˵Щϲ
ô˵

Ļ˸ԵøˣɵôЦ
죬˵Сһҽİٸ䣬ΪվأȻ˫ѾͷƳڲôҲӦôﵽհء֪Ĵ֮ΪֻǴѡ
ʲô
λ쾪ˣǸϾƹȻԶԶĴ֮˦˺棿
˵ôûе£Ѿﵽͨɾˡ
⡭
ȣͨɾվǸϾƹڴ
ô˵ĻԵÿЩ˵˸¡
㡣
ʮһ֣ȡһö
öҩʶ΢΢һоⱦĲһ
Ц񵤣ʶ֮£󣬿һС̨׵Ϊ
ʱһϣ̫ˣʶ֮£ֱһС̨׵ΪĵҩǱһƷҪ޼Ҳ֡
ĵӣһμ棬ֶܲأ
˵
˶٣ջǽ˹ллϡ
޷Ѱĵطŵͦʡ
˵
΢㶣񵤣Ҫĵط
ƺʲô˵ᴩߵһǴһн׶ΣǴﵽ˻羳ˣҲҪȡʱŨƣʹҩ˳ıա
죬ԭôһ˵
лָ̡
һ
㲻ʲôҴʱ˵ԼܿҲܸоˣվ͵ɡ˰ڰ֣ԶһЩطķ࣬ȥ
ǡ
˹
쵹ǲ죬࣬Ͼƹ磬ѵ˻ֵܲɣ
Һʦֶʦأֶʦ衣

˶СһúС
ͷŷһ뿪ˡ
֮ǰ·ڷ󣬲ҲЩ˼ԭϾƹ£ѹձžƺ«һ룬ͻأľЩѹ֣ϾΣϾƹţϾƹʦ
죬ղźʦ˵Ļģ˫˵ֻ
ʵ
Ȼ֮ǰ˸һξ룬ȴ˵Ļú
ȷʵС
ͷ
֪Ǹˣܣֻ̾Ϣ
ʦ˵ûе£ʦֱضѾͨɾˡ

첻֪˵ʲôֻĬĬڷ
һᣬͣ½Ų
΢ɣҲͣ
ôˣ
ʵ
죬ɫԵЩ죬һ£֮ǰͰƷһսĹͷʩչǰİط
ǡ
ҡͷ
治ǣ
治ǡ
ɫ
ãȻ˵ǣ㡣
ͷ
üطôЩ֣˵ĴɣÿһɶشȻҲ⣬ֻǣȴἰطʱԵ֣أǲ졣
Ȼ޵£ͬʱƿʮżУǳ£ǰ˵Ĵɵش԰طǿ˶٣ֵȻⲢ˵˰ط˾ͬǿϾսʱֻǿǿҪȡʹˡ
ͷȻס
ʱһ££ҲЩɻΪӱطеĿرĺƣ˵һģһֻǣŷĻȴԷֱУرǿϾطֻͬʱʮżУرûޣ޵º󣬺ųﶼΪ֮˵ı˵塣
ôһطֱǿرһС֧Ƶġ
ôˣ
ע⵽ı仯
ûʲô
æҡͷ
ΪڵİǱߣļ򣬵ǱߣõģΣŶվߡ˵ţٴŲˣ̫ϳϵ£Ҫ˵
ס

һЦ⣬סһ㣬ȻʦֵĵӣڣǲκȨҪʲôǵÿԼȥȡֻвʱ򣬸ᶨ֧ţ𣿡

ŵ⣬Ѿܸмˡ
ˣȥɣҾͲˣúУҪʦʧ

ͷŷһ񣬱뿪ˡ
뿪Ӱ϶Ц꣬͵ʦԸƣҲһ

ŷɽʱ·ܿصס
첻뵽Ͼƹ꣬Ͼƹ˰һ룬ͻȻһ죬ˣˣ϶ҲϾƹǰ㣬ϾƹǷϰɣϾԼ˵ǶΪҪˡ
벻ǸϼһﾹȻô飬ȥ˶ˡ

һҡҡͷԼ
ˣ
ɫƶ˻Сһ̣ʼתļԪһ壬ĥѪ࣬ͬʱҲΪ
һ죬ûٳţһֱղŴ򿪷š
ӭųһϴ߳ס
մ̫ϳõһö񵤣ķһҹʱȹΪѪΪڽöһٿ뵽ʶȥʱ뿪סغ÷ź󣬱ͳȥ
ֺˣ
Ǹ죿
Ǹ죬Ǹս˰Ʒɵ죡
ǿ
죬ŵӵǾη֮ɫ˸ʶΪ·
ЩȴҲûж˵ʲôѭһƽȥ
ʱǰһȵأǰһʯţȡһ֮أеŨǿľˣǷһΪҪأȣ׼Ũ񵤡


238 ĵҵ
ȡݽݸִ£ʱʹ˶һҪ֪ռսܰƷɵ£ڿνоųϵ˶ִ֪ȻУۼʶĺպ
ȥɡ
һ˵죬սѾǿࡣ
ͷջؽ˽ȥ
ȴԼԲңȱ׵Ժ߲֪˶ٱʼһУʱоޱŨҲǿʢʮ׵Ժȫ޷֮ȡ
ǡ죡
ȶɵĵӲûرƣڵӣʱԽʱȾ;ۼŲٵŵӣ϶¶ɫ˳羴η壬һ
ԵúƽѾϰ
˶٣ɨܣܿһ곣ʯߣǿ
⣬ǡ
ߵ˽ɫ΢䡣
ֻǣʱѾ˫ۡ
ΪطŨľˣܿ뵽˿֮Уļתƽ˳ࡣˣȥСӺ˫ۣ߱۷״̬
ɨܣСĵȡһСƿװһöĴָǴСĵ衣
񵤣
񵤱ʵɫɢŵķ㣬һСķСʼһڣ񵤱ѩһ㣬˲ڻֻǣǣڻ󣬾ǻڵѪ⣬ʶ۶ȥ
Ƕ񵤣ȷʵһ
찵
һֻ̣ʶһɻԴʶ·ڻԴϵһڹʶ·ǹеˮɻԴڶʶеʶмȣʶڣʹʶеһķ顣
󣬽ģֻʶԽԽ⡣
ЩԾ벻񵤾ȻЧеĺ£ļתĸӿ١֮оܵϳ۶ͬС뺣㣬˳ë׽ڡ
ˣ
˸üٴԽԽ財
ңʱֻоͨ˵泩ʱƣüĴĹԽԽ貣ԽԽ⣬ʹܵĸ֪Ҳֱ߰
ԴˣǾϲ


ʶʿһҲʣʶУǲϴʶʹʶʹеʶĴ⣬ĳ̶ֳ˵ǺģΨһͬǣʶԶǵѡ
쾲üĴ⻪һ˸ʶڵʶͬǱеĿˮڷһۻϿȥʧȻУȴܹһĻиǶݡ
ˣ
ʱ򣬲üλãⶼ˼Ϊ貵ĹĻ
ǣ
оʶ𣿣
ǿ
˴ӲԶоϵĲһ
оЩ˵Ĵڣȴ⣬ȫ񶼻ʶŶ񵤵Чһ㷢ӣܵĳڻۣʶĶɵĽУұԽԽ졣
ʱ
һʱ
ʱ
ʱɿţֱȥʱüĴĹâͬ¹㴿ңϵϢҲЩӵ壬·һ±࣬ԶһЩΧ߽Ƕݣ¶˼ı顣
ֹȥʮ˫ۣУâһš
ԶһЩ˶ʱüһ·Ǳ͸˰㡣
оа
˴˸
ɨܣٴα˫ۡ
񵤶ʶĴ˿̣ʶøȹ̣ЩʶҲǿһʵı仯ҲΪˣ̶ʱ뵽ʶ죬ֻо涼˷Ծʽ
˿̱˫ۣתļȡʮʶصΪ
̫ϳ˵Ĳᴩߵһʲôʱʲô磬ʲôطǷǳҪĴڣ˵塣
ͨʱڵ壬ʹʶһ㡣ǰΪʶԵòôҪˣԼ֮ǰˣȶںεȾ綼Ҫ
ʲôǺ嫵һ̶ȵۺ壬ȴκʱ򶼿ͬȱҩ㣬ֱʿһС̨ףС̨ףǶԻ羳ҲУǰǾۺһŨ
ֹȥһʱٴ˫ۡ

³һվȥ
һʱþȹЩ
뿪ȣصסϴһ󣬱ֱϢǰʱΪرһֱûôϢټ췢£ٻЩۣȻʿȴվģϢ̫ʼջǲС
ˣһҹܿȥ
գ𴲣ٴȣյλϥ
տʶأŨȹ̾磬Ҳһѡ
⣬ѡ
˶ݡ
ԶԶվһߣȴǿǸλãԵúܹŹ֡
Ȼ˫ۣʶȻܹעӵЩ˵ı飬ԴˣЩ֣Щ˸ĸо·ռ˲ռλáô£漴ҡҡͷʱطûˡ
˶תļʱâ˸
ͬһʱ䣬ڣһʵ˽
ĵӣҵ
ǸͿϵĵӣ˵ȥ𣿡
Ѿȥˣʱʲôֵġ
ڣŵӺŵ뿪źһڱ뷵أᱻǺĵȴЩһŵĺĵӣÿһڣһλפ֮áҵΪĴĵ֮һǰȥѾȥ˿£ʱص
ҵŶʮ꣬ɫĮڵһȥ
һĻ˽Աɫ
Ǹ죬񡭡ռǸλá
ԭΪҵҪʱŻû뵽ھͻˡ
ҪҵռʹõǸλ¡
˶ݡ
ʱҵѾ߳Զ
תһսǣܿ죬ҵһ곣ǰʱ䣬ɫֱӳڣ˭֪רأƽռûκ˸ҿͬΪĵӵҲᵽǰȻǿʯϣҿǵһ
ҵ
Զ˶ҵֿʯϵ죬ǲĲ¡
ҵӱһһ絽ʯϣĸ졣
ȻоҵϢ˫ۣü
£
ʵ
ҵ˵ǲ£
ҵĵ


239 ݷĹ
Щãɲ˵ڻרڸ˵
û±ҡ
˵
ҵӶʱ䣬һɰ͸
üͷ΢壬ʱҵĲ򵥣òƱȰƷҪǿ˲٣ʶΪˣҵѹҲ󣬱Ͼﵽʶ죬ֻҵС̨׶ѡ
ҵıҲ
ҵ򣡡
ҵ
վΪϥʯԣվʱǻڸҵ˵һΣңҵܹоԷûһ⣬߲Ƶˣͨɫ
ҵƺܲϲ˸ӵĸо΢΢һԾҲʯɾӣͬһˣ̣ϣʯ̨Ϲȥ
ɡ

ҵ򣡡
ҵܰԵ
ΪŹеأʲôʱԸ㻮ֳһˣΪʲôЦЩΪŨȴʼղԭΪ㽫ռˡ
Σ
ҵ
Ρˣˣң
䣬ֱӻ֣һƳҵųȥΪһֱļǿνǾ˵ǿԱȵһʶǿߣһƻӳֱĿ˵
һ̫ͻأʱҵݣΪĵӵȻϵȻ˸֣ңһƵҲԾǴſִټ䣬ֻ̧˫ۺᵲ
飡
һ죬ҵֱӱķ˳ȥݺײڲԶһȱϡ
ԶһĻ˸Ĳ볷룬±С
ˣҳְ֪Ǻĵ𣿣
ҵŻӦò֪ɡ
⣬֪ˣǺ˵ԸòҲһĳȥɣϾǰֱִ̨
˵
䣡
һɰԪԶȵǴȱڱ鲻٣ҵվ
ٴζ죬ҵ˫ͬ߰㡣
䣬ԵʲôΪģȫ¶˳㣬˵ľˡŵȦһΧǾˣΪڵŵ̫ϳϣۣ
̵
ܣ⻰ֻݶЩۣ˵ĳڰ
ҵɫԱŤһɼΪΣյϢɢȷ·һ㣬ӱɫ漴һֻ̣һ⳯˹ȥɲǼǰ
ÿ죡
ļ¡
⣬ȻҵҵǰֱĲӡ
ұٶȣ㻹Զ

һ̧֣һסҵֵ
ʱҵһֻȻһֵ˻
ʶ似նƣ
˾
о˿µĲȴǲɫֻӶȭ似ӭϡһȭײһҵԪʱȻͬһʱ䣬ҲǷ˻
ҵһ֣һ֣ն졣
ﬣ
Х̶һŨҵĻ沨
ɫһ䣬齣ǰ
໥ײһ죬һɿ񱩵Ľʮ
ҵɫ䣬ͬʱЩԾڵĵӣ߱һ̶ȵʵˣ֪ǰˣʵǿᣬȴʼռǲ˭
ˡ
Į
˵ţһ߳
ҵʵߣȻȦһƬ򣬰ռŨĵطԼʹãҲʹãΪʵе㡣ղһֱȴǱҵϣﻹкƢ
ҵɫ䣬Ҳһ߳
飡
飡
飡
˲ϳȣײԪһһɢ
ܣ˿ľ
죬Ѿǿ˳̶𣬾ȻܵסǸҵ
ϻսǸƷɣסҵȻ⡣
أĿǰ˵ôǸҵ˲ٿ
С
ʵ˵ҵƽͰԵȻܲˬռǿһ鱦أκ˿ίʵǺֻܹ֡ǣܲˬҵ˼ҵʵǿΪʿֻгĬķݣǿƳ֣Ȼаˬһѡ
ʲôס֣
ͻȻһ
ȵִ·м춯ܽѲӣǿҵһ𣬶ʱִֹ±鶼ЩӲϾǰе˶ǺǵĽɫԵͦΡ
ü齣΢٣
ִ£ҪάȻܿҵȴִΪѣԣѡʱ֡
ﬣ
˵ĽҵĽƲұø˼֡
ʱһҪ
וּһ͵һ齣׽Ȼӭҵȥ
䣡
ײһǿԪ֯Ϊˡ
ʱҵѾ˫ֳֽһնٽ׹䣬ңȽâдżΪȵĿЩŤǳĿ¡
޾壬һһת齣бն



˲ײâɨܣȳֲ
ٵ˭Σ
һִºȵ
⻰һüҵҲͣ
¿ǻŲΪս𻵣ǽǴ£ΪϾϾƹɣϾƹʦʦܶŵҪͲٶ֣ĮɨҵԹԵĳȥ
ǰվŲŵӣʱˢˢóһ·
ִ˿ϰ֣ǶЩм
ҵıӰȴǺ⡣

뿪ȺȥǺһȦϵǰ㣬һԾǺˣϵǺӱȵڶ׳ۣȻѹҲǺʱŻصס
ʱɫѾüĴһöƣʶȻʶҲͬʱƣʹǳԴԴϵĳԼסڻ۶
ʶǳƣá
ܿ죬һҹȥ
峿ƽЩΪƲˣֿӡʮֱʱ֣һöٹȵųȶȥ׼һС
졣
һԶС˹
΢㶣ͣʦ֡
ͣ½ŲԴ˼ְִȥһִá
ʲô£
档
Ҳȥ˾֪ˡ

ͷ𣬺ִܿá
СһˡְЦŴк˵ǸҵЩСĦôûгԿ
ǻԿ𣿡

Ѿһʱ䣬ְҲϤˣԵЩ
ְһЦȷʵ񡣡˵ţְֵˣ˵£ǷںĹȹϵÿ궼໥ɵǰԷţͶԷǽϺսϵľ顣ɣֵǷڵĵǰȥĹȰݷãѡܹʮˣһˣرָġ


240 ͷ
£ݷĹȣϺսϵĽ
ÿ궼£
ʵ
ְÿ궼С
˽ˡ
ͷ
һ룬ӦΪ֪ĹеϵԱҲȥɡڴˣȻǺ⣬ϾĹȣȥĹȺ󣬱ټˣһ㣬Ҳкܳһʱ䲻ˡ
Щˣ
ְ
ѡŵӾˣȴ⣬ˣһ˵ְٺһЦһǺĵҵңһҵӣҲ˵ĶӳӴ
ҿԲ
쵭
ְǴЦ֪ô˵˰ְ֣ˣճʱɽųشԼỨʮңȥú׼һ¡ô˵أ·ϣٺҵˡ
Ҿ

ְЦȥȥɡһ·Ʋ̫ƽˡ
ͷִ߳á
첻ɵ¶ЩЦ⣬Ϊú󣬿ٴμˡôãԳȥתһתҪŮﻹǷǳڴġ
ʱֵ磬ûȥ룬ϿŷϿȥһۣʩչܿ뵽˷Ͽǧڡѭһſ̽ѰúǷͷԪܡ
ҵˡ
һЦ
׽һչرʱ䣬ʮͬʱɳ׽ҲǷնʮûȥãͷԪȺѪС³һΪﵽʶغսǿ˲٣ر󣬰˼޹ԪҲԵЩһսͷԪܣо˿ѹ
ͷԪܵľѪȡ޺ˣ漴ת뿪úһƬзֲ¹ֱԶʩչر˲ɱ˼ͷ߹ȥȡ¹޺ˣͼԦųطš
صסɫʯȡĲݺʯʼ̻ơţӦҲ뵽ʶ磬ʶУٶȣ׼ӡЩ͸ꡣ
ˣһҹܱ͹ȥ
գɫϴ˷غ÷ź󣬱ͳɽȥɽʱѾмӵԼǴʶڶأѪʢ
ֵ硣
죬˶к
Ǵڣ죬Щ̬Ⱥơ
ʦ硣
ӦȻԳָ߰
һɽţܿǰʱȥʱ򣬰ڵľŸŵӶѾ໥ʺ£һûһšʱţһʱȥѾҪӽʱ
ʦôû
ʱ°ɡ
ðɡ
úһʱȥ
ʱʱѾȥҵδ֡
ڼҲ๻˰ɣ
ǣȥʱˣѵҪǵһ첻ɣ
һ̣ô˵˼ҲǺĵӡ
˵
Щ˶ŵӣҵ˺˽⣬֪ҵǹٳٲ
찲վһߣʱ˵ۣ϶ʱ¶Щñ˵ԼȻԼ֣ԴԼĵλһ룬ǺɡԶ齣һֱʩչ
ֵܣǡ
˶һ
Ǹһ

Ĺȵλã˽⣬һҲԴﵽ
ɵ㶵ҵɲԸ⡣
ಣ
齣һĨۣ˲Զȥ
һĻ˲ɵõ˵ۣȻӵĺĵӶһ
ȻǺ˵ķ񡣡
ֹ
ʱһһţܿ죬һʱȥ
ͨڵʯϣһ껺ҵ
ҵ鵭ĮǰĿһɨʱǰĹӣЩǰȻ֪б졣Ƴ˼ʱȴ룬٣Ȼڻû
ȥҽ˵һˣΪԼ˭
ҵ
ûһ˶
ҵĻ
ҵ
Ǹʦ֡һŵӿڣ죬Ѿһˡ
ҵɫٱ䣬࣬ЩϡƳټʱ첻ʱǳΪǻûһԱѣӵĸĽӵŭӿ첻ֱˣȻ˱ˣ
񣡡
ŭһҵһ𳤽˲Զȥٶȿ쵽㡣
˸໥ӣҲǸʩչȥ

ʱһƬڣ
¥ͤĿһɽڵԵúŨ

һŭХȺɽɱˡ
ʱ䣬ƷɻصºأƷɱ㽫ºƹ¸ºꡣΨһº۾ʱˣ񱩵Ԫֱӻٵ˷Բڵжµɱ⾪սս
ǰǰҪ֣ȴ޹ƷԵЩСֽŵʦӷһ£Ǹƹ죬ƺƿźͰطƵңܹƿصıбȵӻҪ࣬ʮ£Ʒɽһսϸ˵¡
ʲô
ºԭɱŨŰƷɵ⻰ɫʱ䡣
ʱºɢϢȷŸӿ¡
Ʒɲ£ٴνʩչʮĳϸ˵һ
ԣȷʵΪ棿
ºŰƷɡ
ǧȷӲƭʦ£һЩʦҲˣ
Ʒæ
ºק˫ȭɱ⣬оɫĹ⡣
ŰƷɣºٴεǸ죬зǳˣ
ƷɻȴǲҳɣУһִ䣬иŵӳ
ºͷһ˲ʧˡ
ºʧƷ΢ô£ʦƿưط£ȻȶԼɱģ⡭ƷЩ⣬طȷʵҪòƣӦøҪЩŶ԰
ʱ򣬰ɽһֺĵУºʱлˣϽɢżΪǿϢһߣ˷ޱȣ·һϵ콣Ϊˡ
º꣬ʲô£㾹̫ϳҲ˳
һ˵
Ϊһ꣬ǰһˡ
Ҫ£
º
£º꽫Ʒɼϸ˵˱顣
ʱ䣬˽Աɫ
طֻڵѰһƪмȱʧھųϣȫ£ֻгϣ̫ϳʸ֪̫ϳϵǿԿ϶İطйôǸ꣬Ǻпƿط
ʱ˵øˣϢӿ¡
ͳ죬ץ
ȻƿǵսƷɣôڵЩ϶пܻ㾡ȫץҪӳ飡
һϵ
Ʒ˵˺һ¡
º
ܺãº꣬Ʒȥڵ˽ҰʲôôԣǳɹƷһˣ
̫ϳϵ
Ѱİطڶʱǿٱ
˽⣡
ºͷ
ⷽϣվǿߣ˸žâ

ʱĺܿ죬һۣȥˡ
뿪ںʩչһ·УʱǰͻأһƬµĹȵأԼ䣬һ¥ͤһ׳ׯϵĸо


241 ԶһЩ
һʵͤ¥ڹڣԶԶĿȥǰһָͥоͺñһοڵĳʱһ㡣ڣϾѾʶˣԶǰĳȻҲͲ̫ˡ
Ĺȣˡ

طĹȻЩ룬齣Ծ£ǰȥѾĹȣȻʩչԵöĹȲء
ƽܿ죬Ĺǰ
ʱԶգһ£һӰǰ
Ӱҵ
죬ʵ̫ˣҵΪεˣ쾹ǲֱһŭΪεĸˣڣҽݷĹȵʸ̹طȥ
˭㣬׳ա
쵭
ӵǰҵԹԵĳĹȥ
ȥ
ҵ
ù·һȥ
ֱһ˹ȥ
ΪǵˣһԵ;ãԼӦøԵ
һƿЩݣĿҵΪǵǾ˴ӳʱȵ󻹲֣ڻ˵ʲôȥĹȵʸ񣬻浱ԼǷڵˣҵûʲôƢ
ҵĿ䣬̧ӭϡ
ײһ𣬿νƽɫ˭Ҳ˭
ʱĹ⣬عŵŮӷطʱ˳˹ʲôˣĹҶٰ֣
Ĺȵӳ֣ҵüͷ΢壬ɵͣ
ǡ
ž
һҵգֱӽ֮˳ȥ
ջ֣ĹȵŮӣЦǷŵӣη֮ǰţڵʦǽϺսϵľ顣ȵʱȰչһ֣ǸʱҵʱӦ죬ƾͱնˣʱЧҵˡ
ǷڵӣŮһ䵽һߵҵǣ
ʶ
Ц
죡
һŭҵӶŤˣ÷ںĵӣһھŸŵǰĹȣȻ۾˵ϹĹŮӵ˵ʶֱǳڴ
וּһһ̶Хҵνֱն졣
쵭Цǚiһչ˿
ס֣ˣݵĹ
ҵֶ֣ŮЩŭ
ҵӦϾĹ⣬ңĹȵļŮѾվ˳ٶ֣δԵöĹ̫죬ɫݺݵҧҧŽȡһš
Ƿҵ
˵ţҵŽŮΪ׵һˡ
ŮӺɵĽӹԿۣɫʱ΢䡣
ڵĺĵӣ
⣬Ǹ
źĹŮӶҵ̬ȶʱһЩ
һ˶죬Щĵ㲻˵ʶ𣡡
Щ̫ˣʶԣͲʶ
Ц
ŮӶʱһֱƭ˵ĸо
һЦҲ⡣
ʱԶ˵Ӱų֣ܿǰ
ǣ
Ůʵ
ЦʶݷĹȵķڵӡ
⻰ҵıʱ㣬
ĹŮȻҲһ㣬ɵ
ʦ֣
Ϊ׵Ůʵ
ǣ
ҵ
˵ʱҵĶ죬ɱ⽻֯
쵭ĮһЦȴƫͷĹڡ
Ǹҵʦ֣ҽ漣ǸνӴǵˣڵӦö˰ɣȡŮУΪ׵һ˵⣬һΣҲ˵ڰݷãӵĺĵӵĺʦ֣˳ϵͽܣҲǸյãԼһǰ¡
Ҳˣ
ҵ
ǵģʦ
漵
漵Ļ΢ҲˣǸ˵ͽܣżǰڻʳǷ£䵭ЦЦ϶ɱţǸʱϾƹ໤ˡ
뵽ˣɵ
ˣĹţܿ뵽˹ڡĹְͬ㣬Ǿһ޴ɽڣʼһУʱоŨǱȷڻҪǿ٣㡣
ӦȫŮӵԵʰɡ
뵽
żŮһ𣬺ܿ죬һĹȸڲ
ǰһƬԿտڣͬʮվһΪһ˵ģΪʣϴŵЦ⣬ͼӴĹŮڽ̸ʲô
漴һˣܿʮ˽ǰ
ĺʦ֣λǷڵҵʦ֣˴ηڵˡ
漵漴ҵܵĺ硣
ĺƫͷҵЦ˹ҵ֣һᡣĺϴŵЦ⣬һֺŵĸо
á
һΣͬʱĹԼڵͬǽо飬ʵҡ
ĺЦ
ӺľŸҲǸ໥ʺ£ԴЦ⡣
վȺУˣǻĹȡĹȣ˵Ψһ¾Ǽһ꣬⣬κ⣬νĽо飬ûһȤ
ʱԶмŮӵкϤ
ʦ㣬
Ȼᣬҿɶõķڵӵˣѵƭ㲻ɡ
Сʦ˼̫ˣ߰ɣһʱ䣬Ӧÿˡ
ѭȥԼʮ⣬һֺĸŮӴһת˳һǼꡣʱԱ߻ŮӣˣҲǺϤ֮ǰڹĹ࣬ʷɺͼ¡
ԶԶıͼ죬ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
СʦãЩ죺ôˣĹŵһǿߣȻϵü꣬Ҳݣ֪СʦƽռǺ֣϶Ĺȹ
طżĹŮǽЦ⣬Ȼͦϲꡣ
ʦãҳѰλҪѡ
Ц
Ҫѣ
漸Ӿɻˡ
ԶԶĿż꣬ЦЦԹԵĳżȥ
ʱͷڲ˶ż꣬ɫǶݡȻĹȵŮӸɫһȴǶҪ࣬򵥵˵ַܼȺУҲ˲ע⵽Ůӡ
ĺһĨâЦӭȥʦãλǣΪĺĵӣĺɫǷŮӣŮУȴûһܹȣʹͷȶ
Цλǹ״ӣʦá
ĺлһĨɫ漴ǻָϸ¶ŵЦż꿿˹ȥʦããµĺ磬ǡ
৵һһӰͻȻǰԶһЩ


242 Ҫҵˣ
ĺʲô⣬ԺܲˣһڼǰЩ䵭Ķŵĺ硣
ʲô˼
ĺü
һߣҵɫ죬̫ˣ
쿴ҵһֻۣǶŵĺ磬֮𿿽
Щ죬Ȼ֪ܳɫȴҲû뵽һ־ŵĲſִʹ漺ЩΣǸ죬ʵЩԵŹ֣úͼʲôϵƵģȻñ˲Ҫ
ḡĶʵЩϲвϲ漱ϾĹŵһˣϻǲֳЦλʦ֣СʦеҪ£ܷͣЪ£Ժлһ𣿡
ĺü漴ǻָЦȻʦ£Ȼٴš˵ţĺ絭Įɨ죬ǳԱ˿һ
Цŵͷ죺λʦ֣ǲҲ
漵Ļû˵꣬˼ȴԣӼǰ뿪
Ǹʦ㡭
꿴һۣ漡
漰οƵЦСʦñģλʦҲֻΪ̫ɫʶ¶ѣǰ԰ʦ֣ʼմЦ죬˼Ҳˣ̴Ӽ뿪
ĺ絭£뿪ˣ̫֪Ȥ
죬
ҵȳ⡣
ʱ򣬼첻ĹһЩŮҲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ºվڼ͵Цһ̵ĺӡ
Ǹʦ㡭곶˳½ǣЩ˼漣СҪҵˣ
ʱ䣬ȴ˺챾⣬ȫסˡ
ɶ죬ָǡѰ
Щ˼˵ͷ
漣죬ͻȻЩ죬ԼŻĶʵЩḡʶƵģȴ룬ʶӹȻΪѰ죬ֱǣоЩ̡
ܣһЩŮҲǵɴ˫ۣ˼Ķ졣ԼɫŮӣ״ӣר̴гȻΪѰǰӡ
ͣ
Цᶼˡ
ɨˣʱЩŭѾͷҴôʰǣҲż˵ķӦʱ֪֪һУǣһȻʲô˵Ȼܡ
ʦ㣡
ǲûῪ𡣡
Ǿǣ
Ůæġ
ʱ򣬵ĺɫԵޱѿ֮ǰ˵ˣ̫֪Ȥ仰ɫѿ˼֣·ǳ˲Ӭһ㣬漴ıʱú䣬˫ȭɵק
죬
ڵİ˸ŵӲ죬ʵû뵽ȻʶĹȹ״ӣҹϵȥܵӡ˵ͦȣҵıȴǲôÿˣ죬Ĺȹĵйϵ
һʱ䣬طԵúЩ
ʦ㣬Ҵȥתһת𣿡
漵
һЦȻȥɡΪĹȹ״ӣλɱͨǿˣȺĵӶй֮޲ˣƽȴǺأȻȻ漵˶ԼϲǨ͡
ͷЦ£Զȥ
Ȼȥˣƽĸȥ
ĺȭͷյĸ˼֣Լɱ⽻֯
⡭
һЩĹȵŮ
漸ɿɴЦҵ͵ĺˣ˸СʵЩǸںʦǣѾΪ׼˾ЪϢٴλʦ洦תһתлտʼ

ĹڵĻνǼãĴﻨ㣬һַǳĸо
ͼ겢ڹڵСϣ;ŮӾȲѡ
ˣллʦҵĶ֮ǰǻʱ˵㣬סĿǿһ˵ĻҪǿһЩȻܵסǸĺ硣Цգգ۵ʲôΪˣ
ʶء
Ц
찡ǰҿɱǿ࣬üС̨أڶ㳬Խˡ
꾪ȵ
ǿӦõģҪô㡣

´죬ЦԽԽŮӻˡ
ʱЩΣ˵ʵ
һЦǰߡ
طĻãԵž࣬еķŨ
ɨһܣֻ˸ָĻݣЩƷ֡
ˣ㻹ϰ߰ɣ
ʼꡣ
ͦãǴһЩ̫ϲ

£һ룬ȷʵ̫ϲͱҲΪˣڻʳʱ׵Ժĳǰȥ׵ԺУȴǶܡ
Ǻ¡
찲ο
Ҳǡ
ЦЦ
ˣȥѾﵽʶһ۷ˡ˵ţһΣһö΢СʯУװŶʮĽײεƣҵʶٶȣڵܹõϡ
죺ѾԿӡĽˣ
ݸڻʳʱʹﵽĽײˣֻûпӡĽƶѡ
漴ϲĽ˹ô˵Ҳ͵һǺܹصĶӵУһαǽ֮ΪĹȹ״ӣȻʯȶңڲ
ܳһʱδ˲У໰ҪģպܲʱʱлЦʱԶһתǴӭŮӣΪ׵һŵۣԼʮңɫҲǷǳڡ
ܿ죬һ˿ǰ
ʦ㡣

ͣ½ŲĿɨ꣬ϣ϶ʱһĨЦЦı飺ʦãΪ״ӣϣעӰ졣ΪĹȵһĵӣΪʶأΪһϵĵӡ
ʦ㣬Ҳ˼

ҵ˼ѵо԰ңʦǿˣô룿յȻǹӣҲ̫ҡЩ£ѰͦܿҲðۡ
üʦ㣬⻰˵Щˡ
ǸСʦãʦҲʲôֱ˵ϾҲĹȵĺĵӣάĹȵԣϣĳЩ£ĹĨڡ
յЦ
ɫʱͻȻ֮ǰڹĹʱŮ˵ĻĹȼϵĵӣҲǺĵӣΪǿȴֻǽƿأȴΪءڿΪĹĳϵĵӣȻǼʼʣԹ衣
˶٣ղŶ˵Ļ٣̫ϲô£ǲǵһηӦѾйüˡ
죬ߡ
·һȥȻǲ
պлһĨ⡣
һ̣üͷҲǶݡ
Ϊ첢ûż뿪ǷУ˹ȥ


243 
ܲˣյĻʵ̫Ѿ˸ϵˣȻ겻ϲͱȴܿùȥ輰ꡣ
Ǹ
ߵǰ䵭ĵ
죬죬û£ߡ
ЩˣͲԽԽ۸ҡͷٴοգǸ
ɫ΢ʲôĹҲҵǸ
䵭ٴγǰ̤һսҵԣǸգһɺɢʱɫ΢䣬ɺίʵЩ¡󣬼ͨӸĲɵö¡
Ĺȣȴ뷴Ϊ

˵ţֱӶ֣һƳץ
̧һȭֱӺУյŵŵŵĺԶ
ʦ㣡
ĵӻǷڵĵӣ̫ˣ
Ĺʲôطˣ
ŭ
ӺͷڵĹȰݷõ£ĹڵĵǼ֪ʱо԰һӣŮӵȻܹԼµ
ޱ飬գǸ
յɫ΢Щѿɨһ죬꣬Цƽװģƺߺ崿Ҳȥŵˣô̵ʱ˶ߵ˵ֶͦ񣡡
ʦ㣬곤ţ㣬ǣ̫ˣ
Щˡ
ʲô㱻˵Σɲ߳ɡЦֻǣĻδ˵꣬ǰһΣ㿿ǰ㡭
ž
һĶ⣬һ̣ձǵ˳ȥ
΢΢£û뵽ֱӳյ
Ҵ
סΣʱ
Ҳ

Ӱ裬һνڶصǚiʩչޣ˲ǰһƳ
žһһƣȵϣٴνճ˳ȥ
գԽ˵Խ֣ʵ
⡭
ԱߣŮӽǱסˡտĹȵĺĵӣʶΪǳǿ󣬵ȴǰԿһαˣڶκ͵θһƣʵǺļ¡
ɱ㣡
ռУ񱩽ʱ𣬽ܵĻն˴Ƭ
ɫĮǰһ
죬Сġ

Ƣʱ֣϶ǲܵ¡Ҳյʵǿ󣬱ϾʶΪĹȵǿ䣬ͶսУ˭ʤ˭ܻ˵
ʱѾ졣
ƣյ۾ˣһĻ磬Ľǿ磬춼ЩԾȻǳյУȴҲòϣʶصգʵȷʵǿ
һ齣ֱն˳ȥ
ߣĹȵļŮӼΪľһӣȻĹ㶯֣Ҳ̫ˣңյսģŮٴǿ󣬾ȻѹգϷ
齣׽ʩչ£ÿһնâ



뽣ײĽܿ죬׼ܺݣƵպˡ
Ƭо԰ֲ֪ݱ˵Ľ顣
ʱһһعı˰㡣Զһ֣ͬնУһսĸ߿ϡ
쳤ϣ
˾
ͣʦ
ɫһԸоѹʵЩ¡
ӣҲĹ
ȣ˵ţһ졣
ֻоһεԼӡǷ·
쳤ϣס֣
ɫ䡣
ﬣ
ХԶһ⽣ֱնĳĹơ
Ϣ䣬ͷϿն˸ˣϢǿӼܣûʦֵķݣ쳤ϻ˵һ߱ȽϺá
ˣŮӶʱʧɫæŸ߿񣺡
Щϲʱ
̧ͷЩ⣬û뵽˾Ȼˡ
˫ÿ㣬Ĺȵĵӣֱˣ䵭Ĺʲôʱеˣ
ʦ硣
˫
磿ĵӣʱɫܣû˵չӣ
벻ǣȥʷ˫ĮĶĹȵܹĪݣһĹҲ̫ϳ˵к˻ǵӣĹȣ֮ΪĹͳӣѧ䣬ĹҲޱഫǷҪ̫ϳϡ
ɫʱúͬʱҲ𾪣Ǹ磬Ȼͽˣ
˫Ļ챾ҲЩȣϾƹ굽װĹʲôȻһεĹǰŵȻѧ䶼ԣҪ֪ĹȵĲ֮أֻйѡʸ
죬ҲǾסˣǸݵϾƹȻô
ﬣ
ʱХһΪ̶
ȻϾƹĹʲôЩɻ󣬵Ǵ˿̣Ҳȥôࡣ齣ֱָ̧ǰգһâյշɹһʯնķѣǸ
룡
ŭ
𡣡ɫ䵭һǸΪֹ
䣬һ𳤽Х𶯣ֱնȥ

ʱŭˣ棬쾹ȻҶ̧֣־Ҫ졣
וּһһɹ
쳤ϣ˵Ļ𣬵Ӽܣûʦķݡ
˫
ɫ΢˫ǽѹա
ĵӣĹȵĵӣҪϸ㣬ͽôˡ˫ɫ䵭ЩͽԶ۸꣬Ҳ֪ռҼʱʦĲ棬ڣҲʵĴһߣ򣬱档
㣡
ɫʱԵЩ࣬˫ȻԹѹ
ﬣ
ХĽϽ׻֮Ƶ׽âչ
׽âչϵƶʱ˷·һʵ콣Ƶʶһˡ
󣬼궢죬ԵЩš
ҲͷҲֱ֪ռˡ˫վڿУ촽΢ԪߣֱӴУС꣬ϲʱǼ£Ҳʿ֣óʱ͵ʡ
̧ͷ߿գǰ죬Щ˸
ϻصʩչ׽â磬·һķ籩

ռС
һһɺ˵Ľƴڳ

ŮӾ
üȻǸоһĿ£ȳ̶ȣ⡣
ͻȻһֻס½ǣǰ
Լ
˵
䣬һɸǿĽܼĻӼڳɲǼǰһ貵ĹâܺƵǿὣ˲ѹյϢ
ǣɫ䣺ܣ
أ˫Ҳݣ⺢ӣͣΪȻѾ̶ԡ


244 ǿƱ
貵ڼǰĽ֮ΪĺƵһʱյĵм˿˳յ¡
ǰļ꣬ҲľȻΪԶǿǣ˿ɢĽȴտɱȣ߼̫Զ̫ԶɿµĽƣ߼Ϊһ¾͸Ĩˡ
һ漴ŭ𣺡꣡ͷ
һյԪÿ˫Ѫ죬Ķż졣
ס֣
ߣֱѹյϢ
ʦ
ס֣
ɫһ
շŭгޣǼȴֻͣ¡
ɨһۼ꣬е˫ˣȷʵ˺õӣǹϲЩȻͷ˵Źϲȴһɭɭζôô
ҵĵжɫԼ˵
˫Į
գͷߡ
ﬣ
𣬽ǰһʯն顣
ǰһֱָգǸߣ
ƫͷĿЩɭˣĵΣ̫ﲻڣĹȣڱ˵÷ʵһ㣡
죬С죬ˣϾҸղҲնһͷ
Щ£㡣ҡͷֱָգ뿪ȵǸ
㣡
ŭ죬ɱ⡣
ɫΪʦͷĹΪ
վʲôʦû˿ϵΪҿ۸ñӣ˵ΪǲͽܲΪɣ۵λƺһЩֵõζ𣡡
Į
Ĺȵ£ûֵķݣ
Ц߿ϵ˫ҵӰɣ
Ȼ
˫Ϊƽռ䲻ֱӳֽѵգᱻ˵ʲôƫ̻ӣԹѹˣʼи쵽ҪͷյǸǳڼ档
õ˫Ŀ϶ش쳤һֱѹա

һŭ
וּһһĨնֱӽˡ
쳤ϣ밲Ŀš
˫Į
ɫ˫ͻƲȥ
ﬣ
鵭Įǚiʩչޣ˷·һӰһ˲Ӹնա
ɱ㣡
ŭչ䣬صĽǿľˡ
һ׽߶ޣһޱȿ񱩵Ϣڳ׻֮Ȼǿµվ似ձϾ򵽵أ׽ǿ
ն
˫ֳֽսȫݺһȥ
ߵĽâײһ𣬱ܲٻݡ
κһһӰɳȥա
Ի£ܿգɫĮǚiһչ˲Խʮɾ룬ֱǰ
㡭
𶯣

ʱĽձߣ׻֮ȼա
һĻ˶ɫû뵽쾹ȻôͽսʵЩľϾտʶ졣һ㣬Ψô£ΪղһȫնһԲ˲ա
ڣǸ
ĮĶա
룡
ŭһն졣
̧һţô̵ľ£ֱӽ߷ɣڵϺ󷢳һ졣齣ϵĻøȣĵ̵ǸҵĽܻ¼ӡǡ
ʱ齣Ѿպ죬̵һ㡣
һʱĽϣᱻݵģ
ǸҸʱ䣡

㡭
־ŭ
һߣҲɫɭ¶ɱ⣺ϣס֣
Ҳǡ
˫ǰ
˫
ȵ
˫ɫһhҸһ㣬ǹ
Ϊh˫⻰ɫʱ
ʱٴοڣ޹˼ɣ
֣hֱקȭͷ
ղͷձߵĽǲ¡

յ嶶ĸɫò԰
Щ̣죬˰ɣѾˡ
һ
ޱ顣
һ̣ɫЩ齣׻ȼա
ռУһ߲һ᣺ԲԲԲ𣡡ûĸŮӲԼյɫ㲻ˣĹͷڻǵֲ־塣
³Ÿֱ֣һѪ˹ȥ
৵һh˹շס죬hâеɱһҲΣĵӣܲӼסˣ
ּסһҲˡ
ɱ⣬Ȼʲôɫ
hɭɭĶһֱۣ뿪
ԶԭһļŮľѣʵڱ쾪ĲУ̫ǿˣ̫Եˣ
ɢȥ
˫
Ůæһ񣬺ܿ뿪ˡ
˲䣬ֻʣ˫졣

˫죬͡
Ƕǰæ
Ů£ɲʲôΪ
˫
ҲöԷСңֻвѣڲ̵Ļ
˫ͷߡ
С꣬ʲôʱĵأ
Լӣ˫ϲĲˣʮʶһ죬׶αǽ˵أʵ̫ˣҪ֪ĵӶʶأʮңȴֻضѡ
ǰ
˵
˫ЦĸЩȻԸҲǲסĿ޼ꡣ
Уˡ
˫˾䣬˵ͷ뿪ˡ
о԰ֻʣͼꡣ
ղţлл㣬ͦĵġ
Ц
ݸüĶͷлʲô㵱һܵħ뱣أұǿ󣬵Ȼû㣬ǰ۸㣬ǿɲУ
ˡ͵ЦֵҲռϵı˶ѣ㲻ʲô
ҡͷϵıҲռοѾһ̶ȡ
˵ЩٲȻѾˡ
о԰ãֱɫʱ򣬼һƬסǰĹΪڵӰŵʱסĹѾãȻĹȺϤ󣬻ֵ𣬳Լסȥ
Ŀż뿪ŽĹȰŵķĹȵⷿЩأȴǱڷڵס࣬ٷͦİҲǱߣֻм򵥵µĴ̺Ρ
ϾŮӵš
찵
ϷţϣĬĬתļ
ܿ죬һҹǹȥ
һգͷڵǰĹȵ䳡
ŵĵӣ໥Ϻսϵľ齻Ƕһ졣


245 ĺֽ
Ĺȵ䳡Сͷڲ󣬲ҪЩ䳡ԵŲ꣬תŵζ䳡ʱĹȵԱѾһ۱һˡ
ա
յȻҲ죬ʱקȭͷǺ⡣
бɨһۣ⡣
Ա߷˼ϤӰо԰ļĹŮӣЩ졣֪εнĹָΪմżĹȵӣҪǰȥͷŵʺһȴ뷢˺һЩ¡
λ롣
漵漴ȥ
ԵĺΪףҵΪףĹΪףһΧĹ䳡̨ԡ̨߰һЩΣԹлῪʼŵĵǱǽƽһЩо
ʱ䳡ԶΧŲĹȵĵӣĿתĶų룬˸ŶϾܹⳡн˶Ƿǳ㣬Щ̽ĵãҲܹвٵջ
ڣʱĹȵһЩ϶ˣվԶա
Զͺ˫վһգĿ䳡룬ȻһֱǶ졣
ƺûȤ
˫
ʱ䳡룬쾲ţһֳգǱ۾С
ЦòƣȷʵʲôȤϾѾǿˡ
ţôĿðɣ⻹û޹ȥأԺҪǰĹȴ㣬˵ûõżΪŸˡ
˫ȡЦ
ɫ΢죬ʦ
˫ݸЦ
̨УĹȣڣŵ໥ĺܼң嵽ʶÿ󾳽綼˷ǳϸ֣̽໥ջ˲٣ңΧһЩĹȵŵҲźܴĴ
ۣĽȤ֮ĹȣȫΪ˼꣬ҲΪ˱ʾĹȵءϾһкǣܲ˵ԼûȤȥɣҲ̫ʧˡ
ʱһһţܿǰʱȥ
ʱһ𣺡ռ䣬ڵλֵٶòͦ죬²ţһ̨ϣĺ粻֪ʲôʱվȥϴźЦ⣺ֵܣɷ̨ͽ̣
ĺҪӽ꣬ȴõĺܲˬ漴֪Ҫҵ˾󣬵ĺǸӲˬվֽ̨̣Ȼǰѿһ
ۣɨ۵ĺ磺ûȤĺǴЦ˫һƲƣǿĺȻⲢ˵ĺ磬ǲԷӣսսΪԼ˭
⻰ܲ˶ݡ
⣬ôܾˣ
໥д£ͦõ𣿡
ǵĺĺĵӣһǶ֣
˼ǣǸ죬ս
ⲻǺԵ£
䳡⣬ֹ
Ķ죬̵Ӧսų򣡡
죬Ѳֽ̣ȥ
ҵ
ɨҵһֽۣ̣õãһΪˡҵʵûкøУͶԷ˵ʲô
ҵɫһΪһεĸˣȥ
첻мһˣôҵ
СһͦԸ񣬺ʦ굱Ǻ񡣡
Զ˫Ц
̨ϣĺɫ΢΢Щܿ죬ĺֵۣǲ˼ȳ֣²ţʵںдһС˰ɡ˵꣬ĺһչΣֱӱ̨µ졣
Ԫ֯ĺһ졣
һĻ˱ɫԭһλõķڵӸɲǼɢ±Ҫ֪ĺʶǿߣǿǿ̫ˣҪǱǣȥ㲻þ͵ش
ɫ΢䣬վһŽǰ
һαĺһ顣
ֵܷӦ
ĺ˵ţٶȸ죬ٴα졣
Ҳڡ

ˣ´һʱֵܽս顣
ĺۡ
Զü¶ЩãĺӦսЩˡ
ѾͷžУԿ
˫
֪
ѾͷҲ̫äĿˣ⻹û޹ȥأ
ʦ
Ц
䳡ڣĺһһƵ죬ÿһ¶ÿһ·ڻӶһֵƺЩˣĲΧľʱ˲̨϶Ǿ䳡Ͻ棬ԵЩҡ
֣벻Ҫ顣
ĺ
˵ţĺָ˼֣Ƴ磬硣
ɫ䵭ȭȭֱǿĵĺһԶȻҲڣǾͳȫ㡣˵ţ齣ȻУһ𳤽׽Хճŵĺ¡
ﬣ
֮쳹ʮһĽâɨʱһ
ĺ綯ݣȻû뵽һ־ǿһȻϾĺĵӣһȻǿȴǲ⡣ֻוּһгһһĲ׽âնƬ
ýĺһЦһ𣬶ʱ쵶Ӱ²ţ޵ǿ似̫־أ˵أֲߴͽ̣ϣʹǱ˴˵Ľ
䣬صĺ쵶ѹ˹ȥ
ǿ似̫
Ӱ̫ˣ⡭мܣ
̫ǿˣ
˵
ɫĮ׽߶£ͬһʱ䣬׻֮תֱӻӶ׽һն񱩵֮˲Ϣһ쫷磬һС
ĺüͷ΢Ʊøǿ
һۣ˱ǽʮغϡ
Ǹڵ죬Ȼȫס˵ĺʦ֣
ѵղŲսֻǲսѣ
⡭
䳡⣬ĹŮӵۡ
ЩίʵЩԾҪ֪ĺĺĵӣܲСˣȴֻǷ˵һͨӶѣȴȻס˵ĺ磬ʵľ



䳡ڣײһ
ɫ䵭һն֮𶯳ա
ĺɫ΢˼֣̫־أѾնǰأȴûܹѹס죬ЩȣϾֻǷڵһͨŵӶѣһͨŵӣսôôǿ
ʦǳϵǿҲֽһ
һ
дɭ⣬ձвǸʵں͸죬ʱֽΪɱ˹ȥʩչ䣬ն졣ḷֻֽ́Ҫѿ⣬ܳûɱ죬Ǹã


246 ѹ˫ǿ
յͻȻ룬Χ߽ǲ죬ܿ˽Щ˲֪պìܣֻֽ̡ʱΨкһļŮɫ΢䣬Զˡ
̫ˣ
˵ţ곯ǰȥԸоյĲ⡣
˫ס
ʦü˶ʶ죬ܵסһˣһϣǿһЩҲѶԸˡ
С꣬Ҷ㿴ı顣
˫
곯ųȥ챻ƵĲϺܣɫȴƽľˡ
⡭
ʱˡ
ֱ飬Ǻܴݣ·һжƿ֮СüܾȣϾʶѣʶصǿߣƾʲôô򶨣
˫ۣҲܺʲộǼȥ
Уײ̶صĲס˶䡣
齣׽âɨնһ貽⣬ͬʱĺײһʱ˿ԵЩǱˣڲϺˡ
ֹȻǿ󣬽̫һԣ
ĺۡ
וּһĺеĳ𶯣ʱ䣬һ˶ĵͷǿԪʱһ磬䳡Χļ¡
Ӷ齣һ׽ޣݺһն˳ȥ
䣡
ͽײһͬʱ
ƽɫ
⡭
Ǹ죬Եĺʦֵ̫ȫ£
ôܣ
ļӽ𺳡
䳡ĹڶŮҲǲ죬û뵽ڵһͨŵӾȻǿĺ籾Ҳɫ΢̫ǰر쵲סѾˣû뵽ǣص̫Ҳ
ݣ
ƿ֮һߣն֣Ӳն졣
дԵĺ⣬飬ֱҪ
ޱ飬齣ն
ԶԣȻҲʶأսȵĺȴǲһЩ齣׽âһ䣬ղײǿĽ
ﬣ
ʱĺٴα
Щ䣬ȴûʲô飬ʵϣȻѾսһҲ뿴һͬʱʶǿߣܹ֧ŵεȳ̶ȡ
һۣѾϰС
Ǹ죬һжȻܹ֧ôòܣ
ʱ˶ɫ
ҵ죬ɫ΢ЩȻҲǱǿսסˡ

ײԪ֯似֮⼫ΪĿ
һӭսˣһߺˣڣٲԼܹһڲʩչرǰ£սһûκ⣬ͬʱˣȫʤǳ¡
䣡
Ԫ񱩣˵ĹøӾˡ
ʱ콥ƣĺձƵĲϺˡ
Զh˫֣ɫԵúܵĮʱʱ¶ЩЦ
֣ҪʩչĽˣСġ
ĺЦ۵ȴǻһĨ⡣£źһϵϢʱǣ˷·еĳΪһ壬⺧ˡ

յ
дɭ⣬ɱ⣬ս߶¡
ʱ䣬ɰĲϯ䳡ʮ˽Ĳ
һ첻ܵˣ
ǱȻ£ôҲŵĺĵӣΪǴʶ죬ĹǸǿҲֻһܡ
ˣҲ԰ˣŵĺĵӣܹսڣʵǿĹ֣һһĻ˵˶Ķ֡
пܣ
˵첻Σհɣ˵Ĺʵǡ
ģᣬֻսѡ
˵Ҳǡ
һսʵ̫ˣ
ֱĶǰ
ĺ۵⣬ԽԽ£գеɱǽ¶˳ձ裬սҪѿûɱ졣󣬾ɱ죬Ҳáʧ֡͡
ն
ȣն졣
ͬһʱ䣬ĺĵҲѹ˹ȥ
̼䣬ɿ񱩵Ϣɽ鱩һӵϡ
֣ǵֵסǧҪ̿ڣºջصơ
ĺЦ
һһû˿㻹ǿԼɡʱ뱣Ҳ޷ٱˣϾһεĹȷʵܿ¡
ﬣ
Ļ£ʱ䣬һ߸֡
صʮ֣ɢ貽â
ǣ
˫ɫȻһ䣬·𿴵ʲô˼¡
һhϵĮ˲ʧôܣ
ʮ𶯣ͬʮƿյವĳ˲նĺ絶ƣյĽâ˵ŵŵŵĺ˳ȥʮԶ
طĺɫ䣺ôܻǿ
͵ѧģ
ռС
ʱط˶ɫ
⡭
ʮգȷʵȷʵǰط
ǷڵӰô
طǿǰǿҲĴǿȫԹΪųƿͬ޵УܹʸҲֻ޼ˡһڵӣչ˰ط
лǿƱڣұǣǧҪ
쵭Į
䣬ʮݺᣬ
ĺնʱɫˣһŰ˱һ߱ЩȫǴӸͬĽǶͬһʱ䷢ɱǿǣʱҲԿ⣬̶˲͹˲ʣѪƮڿС
ĺ緢ƺߣһм
һߣոǲ˲Ϣ㱻ն鲻٣϶һѪۡ
һĻ˶סˡ
ڷţ컹ھԵ·Ǿôһգ۵Ĺƾת˿٣գۼ䣬ĺձǱѹסˣȫû˷֮
ղţһֱûչȫ
桭ѵ˵ţһֱˡ
⡭
˾
ʱδʮȴ𶯵ļΪϳŵĺն£Ȼޱǿ󣬵ȴҲֿˡ
֣Ϊֹˡ
ĺ纰
ʲô㲻ҪֽдڲŸոտʼд衣ɫƽʦúʦֵǿţǵսʹһСľͻˣ͵׺ˡ
㡭
ۣ
һбն£ŵĺֱ۶㽫ֱ۸ն
һߣղˣ߱м֮ԽԽǱ
ˣ˻㡣
ɨ˹ȥ
ݵһʶһ߱ڿһС͵Ľ󣬹ƶʱøӾˣ˲ոƣӦԣ̶Ƭֹ˲ʡ
죡㡭
ž
һͻأɨͬա
һ˵ɶԶݺײһ̨ϡ


247 
ٻЩ棬ϾĹȣΪһԽ˵̫ݻɱǻ˫ȥܴ鷳ԣƵļáЩ棬ȴǲ׷Źˣ˿ɶûġ
ﬣ
һ˱ŵĺȥ
ĺȫ⣬̫һδն԰˱ȴӦԡ
죬ס֣дѾˣ
ĺе
ʼҪд裬Ҷ֣ôڣ˵ͣ²ͣ¡
쵭Į
˵ţʶһ˱תնϱնĺ硣
ĺɫ־ŭȻʶΪͬʱֵ˱ҲǷǳѣΪҪǣ˱ÿÿǴӸǽ
ۣ
һֱնڵĺؿڡ
㡭
죬ĺɫΪѿ
ɫĮôˣôҲĺĵӣαز׾ǫã
⻰ĺɫѿ
Զվɫͷߡ
߾ߣðɣ

䣬߱յȥ·ȫһֱն¡
ʩչ俹⣬ӵһնǿĽܱ߲ٵӽľЧȴԡΪÿʩչʱ߱оıˣ𿪺Ľ˲Χϡ
ǣոûЪϢĻᡣ
죡͵ѧش似Źģ
մС
ܲ˶ݣ⻰ôЩζˣ
㲻ֽдڿʲô˼
Ц
˵ţ齣һձȥ
ವһӰ˲ǰ
㡭
飡
̧ȣһСϣֱӽ߷Զ
ĽѵãսŲϡЩĮŻ£һٴγǰһ߳Ϊеһɱҿûɱң
⻰ܶʱȻ
ô£ʦô춯ɱ⣿
ⲻϵĽ𣿡
⡭
˽ԶݣЩ˼Ŀգ˶
Щ񶼱ҾҪ˵ţһɸ񱩵Ϣڳɿ񱩵У˷оɱ
Ц׽Ĵ
ˣ
֯ɢһԶǿɱƵʱ˽һȻԶ˫ݣΪȻܹɢ˿ֲɱ⣬һЩվǿ߶й֮޲ˡ
ˣʹ壬ۻɱ⡣
˫
ɿֲɱɢĪһԪ˲ɢսֶɱ⣬ȫǳѹȥ˾㤵ĺ·һֱӻյľߣտ־

³һ֣齣һ𣬽ֱӽձ˳ȥ
һǱ׹ֻ⣬ʱĹȵŮ˹ȥ
ʦ㣡
Ůɫ
ԶhӱҪ֣ȴվסˣΪ˫һߣ֣Իᱻ˫סȻ͵ѧ˰İ֮ҿôȥhɭȻĶ졣
Уоߣƫͷ˹ȥ
ţ
hվ³֡
hվǿߣȻ֪˵ʲôɫʱø
ջĿ⣬ڵĺϡ
וּһ˲ʱ䣬ʮ׼˵ĺ磬ವȫ˹ȥ
֣ס֣
ĺе
ӵĮֽд裿ΪҲ֪ڴʲô⣡棬Ļʮ𶯣ڵĺһۡ
죬ס֣дѣ𣡡
ҵȵ
ңҵǰҪ졣
Զ㣡
У齣һ׽âǿɨҵƵĺ
㡭
ʱҵɫüΪࡣ
վԭزʮΧŵĺ粻ϷնڶԷʱʱһˣЩˣûһǱܿҪֻõĺоҵʹԵ裬ав
죬̫֣
ĺе
ЦҹΣ
䣬𶯣һֱӹᴩ˵ĺֱۡ
һΣĺܣڲҽг
⡭
˶סˡ
սϵĽд裬ȴû뵽ݱ䵽һ
ʦ֣
̫ˣס֣
ס֣
ŭ
ǳȥǲſͱһɨɡ
һĻֱҺ⡭̫̬ˣ
ǵĺ磬ûǸ˸
Ա˳ŵġ

ڵļŵֹ
ڷڵʱǴļΪʢЩŵӿǺ
䳡ϣ˿̣սѾһ浹
ĺʱʱҽУϲ˽ۡ
̶ȶѣΪԼµһˡ

ʮն£һΣĺǰһź˹ȥ
һһţֱڵĺԲ࣬õĺɶԶ
ʦ֣
ڵӴ󺰣ٳȥ
ĺڵϣѾǳ׻˹ȥһ˽ĺŭĶ죬ȴǲҿ˵ЩʲôʵǱסˡ
û˵ı飬ʮԹԵĳ䳡ȥ
ǰһȺ˲ˢˢ

ȥıӰ˱ѿһΣǵɶˣ
˲ʱ䣬䳡ڣ˶
Сӡ˫뿪죬ЦЦͱЩɨԶh˫żС꣬ȥҡ
£
ɻ
ȷʵһ㣬ȥɡ
˫
ͷ׷Ӱ˹ȥ

뿪䳡нܿͽˡ
ϾǾһսﻹܼ
ʱһĹȵһŸ˫С
ǰ£
ʵ
˫ͷ㷽ʩչǰİط죬˫ıЩ֣ء
ǡ
ǣ
˫ü֪ȷʵֻаطܹһ
ҡͷȷʵǣôѧõ
˫ͷȷʵûпѧĵط룬ʵ֮ǰǷչ
й
ͰƷһս˵
˫֮ԺҪСˣĲǰǣƿźͰطһ似˹ƻ鷳εнѾвȥСڹ洦תһתջطʱһȥ
һ㶣㡭ң˫ĻʵЩ졣
ʱ㣬Ĺȵʱ򣬰ƷӦøպûصضѾ¸˰ܻᾪһŵ̫ϳϡ˫ųĴǿƿưطƱز׷Ź㣬ԴΪڣطʱаǿߵ·ϣضֻ·һ
һ֮ǰһֱû£ʱ˫ɫҲԱЩȷʵеĿرͰط̫ˣǲǰطǰȴôΪһ˵֪ԼŵйҲƿźͰطƵ
һţȷʵпܻԼ֣
̫ģҽͻطڣûˡ˫һķʦȻֵܣȴʤֵܣһᾡȫ㡣طںֻҪ㲻ɽ˱޷ô
ͷ˫л⡣һŵˣݺεȳߣȴҪطڣݶǲᣬΪҪǣⲢ󣬶˫ԼӸм
޷ϾƹĵӣСδɷҰȻ¡
˫

˫üͷ΢һֱŷ˫˵Щ
ʦ˵Щʲôһֱ
ʵ
˫̸ʱûüüΪİΣӰԣ˵Щʲô겢֪
ûʲô
æչüͷҲ¶Ц⡣
ŶܷЩ쳣첻Ը˵ҲͲ׷ʡ֮Ĺ߹䣬һЩĵͤ߹һЩƧ֣ۿһЩúĹȺ󷽵һʯǰ
ȥʯԵͦϵһʯ
ǰڣĹҪļط֮һ

΢㶣ôֲĹȵˡ
ʦ˵ûϵԴȥĹȵκεط

ŶȻ˫ô˵ˣҲͲˡ
б䣬춢ʯڿʮ׼뿪ȥһطȻʱʶȴһֻǰʯϣЩԭͨʯһ̷·һ㣬΢΢ҡҷ


248 ϾƹĹȵĶ
ЩȣֻһʯڣʱʯϵʯȴҰж·ʵһҡҷе⻪
ʱʶأһƬƬˡ
һ˲䣬˶סˡ
һҲ΢Щ棬Ȼһ̣΢΢һΪüʱңϺƵԺǿԪ
겻˿̵׷ʲôȴ֪ʱԺҪ˿Զ漴ɨܣΪ커
춢ǰʯҡҷԡ
ģʶ𶯵ĸһ̣ҰУܵĳȫˣһʵİ֯ܣ΢΢ҡ΢о衣ֻãһ˲䣬Լ궼Щ
ʵĽ⣡
ľ
ʱʯϸо˰絽Ľ⣬ǿЩˡ
ˣ
ͻȻҰУҡҷĸһƬƬƮ
Ķǰ漴וּһƮɣǻһâЩâҰУͬų
һ̣ٴζݣΪܼĽâ׼ȫ˹һ£ȴܵվԭδֱֱĿޱ߽âЩâУоһɽƣǳǿ󣬷ǳˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ܼĽâ֯Ʈɣüġ
ֻоü΢ۣ漴һ̣ʶв˽⣬ЩɲǼռʶ󣬲ûйȥãЩȫһĳʶն£·Ҫʶֱ顣
һĻĺƽֱֱĶնµĽâڣһʶӭЩâնƶʼݾеǿ⡣
ﬣ
ܼĽвն£նʶϡ
һʶȷȷʵʵնˣȴûеǰҵʹÿʶնһΣ͸оԼʶ׳һЩָоͷ·öʱһ㡣
Ǹʱˡ
ˣ
â貣ʶ
һУŽâ£ԼʶþӨʶҲڽչøֻǶ̶ʮʱ䣬췢Լʶǿһ࣬ΪҲ˲ʶеȲΡ
ʱʶеĽâڲ䡣
ȫǽ

ʶܼĽâն䣬ԺнճһģĹ켣ʶ׷նµܼâȹ켣ͱԽԽֻãȹ켣·һǿĽ

ͻȻһ췢
һֱԼʶʱѰȥֻԼʶУĳһλþȻһƬƬҶǳСޱ߽âն䣬ǽ׳



ܿ죬ͬ
ֻһ˲ѣʶڣһʶ
ʱ򣬳üĵĽâѾȫնʶ
ֻãԼʶֱǿ࣬һʶڣʶޱƽޱȹ̡ңҲʱʶ׷ĽޱʣģĽƹ켣
䣡
һ
һ̣ʶУȻİ䣡
ˣ
Ʊ˾ǣǿԪĺƵһ貵Ĺһ˲ͷ۳һ޴İͬһʱ䣬ΪģԲҲԪ
ǣ
ԶһĻ˶סˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ĺڣͷ붯ݡ
һ˲ѣӰ˹ɢżǿϢ
ǿߣ
Ĺͷȴ̫ϳ⣬ȫˣ
С
hһ˹ȥ
˫ɫһһնhʮɶԶ
ٸҶ֣Ҫ飡
˫ɫЩ䣬h곤֮λһֱ͡ƽΪĹȵƽͷչhһʶhζɱ֣Ҳ˼ֺ⡣
hŭĹصأ㾹һ˽뵽Ĺ֮أѹĹȴѲɣ
߿վϣü˫
ĵӣĹκεطȥ
˫Į
㡭
hɫʱһƬŭ𷭹
߿У϶ʱݡ
ĵӣ
һʵ
˫ɫƽ˵ͷ
ԭŵüͷչǸ˾Ȼ˵ӣ⡭ƵһĻұ˫۵죬жտտâ˸
Ǹ˵ĵӣЩ
һ̾
Ŀһۣ˶˫ͷһ۱뿪ˡ
hɫһȥ
ʦ
꺰
˫ͷԸ߿£ԡ
ǰ죬˫˸âǾȣЩΡ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ϵϢƽϢ˫ۡʱʶ˲٣ʶһƬӨǿ࣬Ϊֱʶ۷壬ֻҪЩܹ׾ٵĿ뵽ʶ졣
ˣ
˫
ת˫£漴һ
˶٣˵ǸǰСķ˰䡣ʱʶǿ࣬ңԺĹȵĲطİ䣬ڴˣȻ˫Ͼ˫Ĺȹ

ԱߣЩȣȻĹȵǿ
˫ǲôȣֻǵĵ˵ͷȻѾ֪죬ıЩԼǾԲҪ⴫𣡡
£漴֣صǰģ췢ģ⴫ȥ𣡡ĹжôҪһ⴫ȥĹȶԣԻһ޴Ĵǻԡ
㡣
˫ͷ
Щ֣ʵʦһʼ֪˰䣬ô˵ӦҲ֪ˣǳȴ쳤⣬ȴûΪ죬ǲǡ˶٣ǲǺʦйأ
һҲ֪ˣȴh⣬ûһΪ
ƺЩ̫ŹˣϾ򵽵ĿĹȵĲ֮ذ
ǰ⡭
첻ɵ˫
˫ͷʯĹ꣬ĹֻǿƵĴ֮һʵǳΪǸʱ򣬰䲢طȱʧǵھأȱʧΪֱһ꣬ĹͣҲʮʯİ䣬̳֮򽻸ʱĹҲڵ̫ϳϡ
İ䣬ӦòǶĹжôش壬ʱ̫ϳϼϲ˹ȥҲ֮İ䣬ĹȵʵǿܳƵĴ֮һѾ˿ͷڣֻаѹһͷһУǰ͡
⻰ͼ궼Ǵ󾪡
ôȷʵĶ飡
˫죬ԣΪϾƹĵӣŻĹ߶ѧҲȫԣΪʦͻ䣬ѧʦܽ㣬ĹҲȻûʸǰ㣬ĹȴҲһûʲôʵԵ𡣡


249 ʶڵİ
˫Ļͼ궼Щȣû뵽Ͼƹڵ꾹ǶĹôĶ顣
͵Цˡ
죺
˫죬̾ô˵أǻ治ʦͽʦİ䣬룬ʱô꣬Ҳ˳
ǡ
Ц
ЩԺΣ˿꣬ͻȻЩɻ˫˵㲻ǳƼʺܸߵʯڵʱôûʲôо
ΪѾİ䣬Ȼʯо
˫
һ㶣һ룬Ҳȷʵ
˫ٴν첻Ҫ⴫漴Сȥطתһתҵȥ̫ϳ˵һ£յʱҡ
˵꣬˫뿪ˡ
ʹĹȵطȥֱʱŷֿ
صڣ˫ۣĹͽһԺлص
վ𣬹Ȼǿᣡ
찵
վİ䣬似һŰԺܲͷβɨһ飬ջǽĿľнʽϣ־нƽǷǳľԶȲ׽ǿᡣ
˵ϾƹͦеȻĹİ䣬Ҳ֪ϼһû׽䡣

һ룬Ҳ²ϾƹˣͦЩ
£ҡҡͷϢˡ
һҹܿȥ
峿ΪףĹȵļŵͣͷڵһڵȺ뿪Ĺȡ󲻻죬ڷڣҵǶ첻ϲȻʲôʱطڣֱӱˡ
һգĹȻҲһһĻ漵УвʶҲͷ֣ĹڣҲϵĹȵӶϲ꣬ϵദķǳá
ˣҲǷ
ܿ죬ɫЩ˫⡣
֨ѽһд򿪡
߰ɡ
˫˳
ǰˡ

˫֣˼һЩ£ʹĹȵһȥ
Լ˫ڵʯǰʮ⡣
ˣҾͲȥˣصźץʱЩ뵽ղΡʣҲҵ¡
˫
ٴл⣬漴Ϸڡ
˫վԭأֱϷڣһȥ
ҲʱԶһЩĵطһ߳һߡ
벻˫Ȼһ·صڣΪһϣ֪ȥĹȺ󣬱͵Ĺȵڵ·ϣȴû뵽Ĺ˫ȻԻصڡ
ֻܱƷڽˡ
һ䣬߾Զȥ

ϷںִãΪҪһ»طǼǡ
ûˣ
ְЦ
Щɻ󣺡ʲô˼
ĹȲȫɫǷŮΪˡ
ְ٩
죺
ˣҲΪʲôҵСӿǺݺݵĲһְЦһ·ϣûٺŸɰɣ
˭

ְڰ֣ˣԼȥɡ
ͷ˳ִãסȥ
;ٵӼ죬⣬ŵкԴˣҲΪǣкˣòЦŻӦ
ţǿһ۵ˡ
ִ£䡣
ȻܹŻ治

ȫˣҲĺúõġ

˵ţٿһۣԹԵԶȥ
ıӰɫ࣬ӸһС˶ãŹ㣬úõɣ䳯෴ĵطȥ

صסʱɫѾð
ûϢǱ˫ۣתļʼĹʱİ䣬ʶһϴΪﵽʶ۷壬񣬻صźһʱǿʼУ׼һٳ뵽ʶ졣
ˣ
âƣ֯⡣
ʱûʹƣֻչƣŨǳ֮Ͷ뵽ʶСʱʶв˰ɫʼʶЩ΢΢ҡҷ
쾲üĴ⻪һ˸ʶڵʶŰҡҷ΢΢һ̣ʶͬϴηöǰڣֻһƲɢÿһɢȥʶͻ׳󼸷֡
֣Щʧ𣿡
ü
ĹʱʶһԭΪֻʱ󣬺ܿͻʧŶԣȴ룬ȥôãЩɻʶУûʧļ
˼Ƭ̣ջ벻ס
ˣ´μϾƹϼһ

˸Ǽ
ڰУɫ⻪֯⣬ӿǳҲһ׹䣬СˣʶͱԶͨ˳ֱԼȥʱһɰںȻ
һֻ̣оԼĸ֪ǿ˼֣ʶʶЩʶеЩø߹ԼеתʶһããĹ⣬ȥʡ
ʶأ
˫Уâһš
ﵽʶغʶøǿøͬһʱ䣬ڵԪȻȻø˫ȭֻоԼսһ˲ǿ

³һ쾲ٴα˫ۡ
ʯȡʮöԪºٴתļԪԪŴãƾŹԪԪͬʱҲȹԼǰľ硣
һۣһҹǹȥ
գϴӭųɣ漴Ǻ
ԪҲЩǺȹʶ
ǺУչʶֱƿһǺӣڶǺչʶƿڶǺӺ͵ǺӣǺĲ㡣
սĲ㣬Ǻݺ£оһʯײԴϡ̧ͷȥֻĲǺڣϷǺ׳ǳܼˣһԲεز˲ϳѹͬһ棬ѹ˵ǿ
ĲǺڵѹȵǿ̫ˣ
찵
ûж룬ϥ£ʶֵǺµγ
ʶ𶯣ʶֱǰѹȥ
ǺڵʶʶֵסǺµǵȳ֮Դѭ򲻶ĥʶʶǺµǵȳֻһǵȳʵЩǿᡣ
ˣ
ͻȻʶһƬƬ꾹üĴƮ˳ʱʹоࡣЩƯߣÿһƬֻаưСɲǼ佫ǺµǵǿԶնһȱڡ


250 µİ
쾪ȣǺµĳεģֻʶܿһزˣңֻʶ֮Ǻƿ֮ܽƻʶƮȴֻǽ֮ƿֱնЩ
ȳ˵ʶĴڣ꣬Ȼնʶ
סˡ
Ϊֹɲֶܹնʶͨɾ¾ûУ
ϷǺӣίʵЩļ¡
һ˫ۣͨʶڵЩʱһҡҷ鿪һƬƬƮ³Ǻնȥ
꣡
꣡
꣡
ƮնǺµǵγпһȱڡ
춯ݣٴμЩ꣬ϳǰնȥϴǺµγϱն飬ģԶһЩĵطǺµĳǿ࣬ն飬޷ٽ
նǺµĳȴǵÿҼΪ
찵
˶٣һվʶһ뿪Ǻ˿̣һʶеЩǷܹս֮С
߳ǺûԥܿϿ
𣡡
໣
뵽Ͽǧڣ޵ϴŨ
һˣúѰһͷ߼ޣʨ
ʨսɣױŭվǰֱǸȻǳˡʨû˿ԥֱӿ絽ǰ̧־һȭ
ʨʹǴŭһצ졣
ˣʩչǚiܣͬʱüĴâ˸Ƭϯ
꿴ƮƮģͬȴ˲ʨ˶ͷ­ڡ
໣
ʱ䣬ʨҺһڵϣסĳ鴤
ܹսУ
΢ϲ
漴ЩΪʨеʵЩңۿֻʨ˫вѪ˿ǲסҺ·Ƿ˰㡣
⡭
ͷһǼƬ꣬ɱôǿ
ôʨҲǿʶʿǿް
ʨԶһֱ۲ʨķӦֻöԷĲҽԽԽֱȥֺתӵվʱٴο죬ʨҲûŭ𣬶ǳ˿־壬ͷӡ
쿴һһ㶵ģԺսʨȻܵһֱˣ
ҡҡͷϿȥ
úһͷΪ˼ޣʶʿ
һȥȭͻӡ
ŭྐྵȻ㹥һſڣֱӾһͨ˵Ļ档¶ȸߵЩˣ˲ǽһƬľȼȼ
üʶһһƬƬٴƮ罣ն
ſڣһͨ
˲佫ûüͷһ壬Ȼһ̣ٴζݣ꾹˿ܻӰ죬ٶȲ䣬·ʲôҲûֱڻ棬һԵն뵽ͷ­ڡ
໣
ʨһ㣬Һһˤڵϡ
ȥֻʨһǻ鴤ҺвѪ˿ͬһʱ䣬ǻһƵ㣬Ǳǣû˿˺ۣʹһһâ
ѵֱӹǵ񾭣
춯ݡ
κﶼ񾭣зӦ϶йأʴˣ񾭵ҪҲͲԶһġܵʹģһ񾭱ƻôɣ
ʶʿԣ񾭱ʶ֮ڣʶΪһ壬ʱʶΪҪĲ֡Ǻڵ£նǺµγƶϣҲܹʶ
⡭
첻ɵ˫ۣ㿴ʶڵİˣ
˶٣ͻȻ뵽İǸӻĻӰ죬κ谭µһֿܣЩ꣬ѵҲǺڵǵγһͨ
뵽һ㣬Ǽ꣬նȥֻţЩεľʯʱܵ谭ֱӱʹ˹ȥľʯҲûܵκ𻵣·Щֻõİ㡣
룬ԦЩ깥ɱԼԼȡ齣նһâ漴Ƿֶ֣θáżԼʶǿܹ¹ɱꡣ
Ȼֻʶֵܹ
찵
ɨϿ쳯طȥѰҸսУһ޵˼ޣʵ˸飬ֱǣ߼µޣİ󣬼ֱӲ߼޺Ͱ˼ȻֵܹȴҲԳֹ̫һͷǿ߼۷޺ױһսʩչĴȹ󣬺ױҲֱ
ǿ
쾪ϲ
û뵽ʶİȻ㾪ϲ
һ춢Զٴο˳ȥѰǿϰ

ʱһƬڣ
ΪƿаطΪĴǿżࡣ
һ죬Ⱥˡ
ˡ
Ĺȣh
λ£
һĸڣӭϴŵЦ⡣
ۣǰĳĵǰĹȣַڵһСϾȻƿйŵİط֪£Ƿ֪ء
Ϊ⻰Ӷʱһ
쳤ĪҲΪ˶
h
hͷȻǡ˶٣hһĨĹ⣬֪ôӾã͵ѧŲӦɱ
һĨâ漴ЦЦλ£ҰѾ֪˵ȥĹȰݷʱҲ˰ȥ׽ùӣֻϧϷطʱĹȴԻͣҰɳȻĹΪ˱Ĺȵĺʱûж֡
hɫһ
˫ǼˣȻԻ
hҧҧ
˸£ֵô׼Σ
⻰hҲ
˵ɱ˽ţ𣬶˴Σ״ӵĺҲǱˣȻɱ죬hҲǺһΪҲ졣
طҰҪΣҰ׷أգǼϼһϷҪˡ˵ţ˺hλʱ򣬲֪λɷҰ㹻ô
˺hһۣü
ϷҪˣ¶Է
hҡͷ
ǿҰ֮֡
ǿ˵²̫ܰɣҲżǿĻɽһתóȻУֻ׶༪١
hҲǵ˵ͷ
ģҲзǳϣɱ˴ڣǻǡ

˺hݣ˻棿
ȻΪ棡

˺hһۣԼͬĵ˵ͷ
ãλһ˷ڡ
˵
hͷ˸
Цлλϣ³ɺ󣬰ظ㹻ĺô

ڣϿ
첻ѰǿսʶаƿԽӵĴ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ˣ
찵ϵ亹
תļԭػָԪͳŷڷء
Ծһٶȼ죬ͻȻ䣬ͣǰԶĵطһƬյأһˡҵҵվһߣɢżΪǿϢһվǿߣ


251 ͷɱ
ߣ΢΢üӦþҵʦŵͿϰɡ
˶٣첻ͣŷڶȥ
վס
һ
ҵȻǷ죬һǰ
ԶɨߣκηӦ
ÿ
쵭Į
ҵһҲϻֱӻȭ졣ǰһӣѿĹȻʦУǲŻϿڡʱ䣬Ͽ£ʵǿ˲٣ɴʱ죬жʱ⣬Ըֱȥݺݽѵ졣
ɫ΢һƻǰ
һƿɲᣬ𶯵Ŀ˵
ҵɫһ䣬쾹ȻҲǿˣĹʱǿ˲٣ɫʱ˼֪֡Ȼ뵽ʶ죬֮ǰʶʱսǿȻǺ¡
飡
ҵȭݣȭͷϴŨԪ
ȭײһ𣬷һͬùİ
˫ۣҵֹΣʱҲǷҵǿ࣬ȵ˷ǳԵƫͷԶߣʱȻ˼֣ǿ߶ҵ˷Ƿĥ
ﬣ
һȵҵӳ
һԶһľһΪ
һһΣ齣бն¡񣬿뵽ʶսʶʱǿ࣬׽֮ռ䶼ǽ
ҵɫøǿ·ǳˡ
׹£
ҵͻȻȵ
ʱ䣬оͷһɺ⣬ֻܼĵ֣׹䡣
וּһն׽ſоȥ
䣡
ǿײһ쫷硣
Ƴ
ҵٴκȵ
һ׹¸ǿżΪ
Ըоѹˣҵʩչվ似б۳ɨۣվԭزǰǣüĽ
һУûʿʵá
ĵ
ɲǼ䣬һƬüƮ罣а㳯ҵնȥ
С
ҵֱ̧֣һն£ȻȴǴ˳ֱûͷ­
ҵһ𣬶ʱҽһ˳ȥ
ڵϣҵ鴤˫вѪ˿Ӱ˺Լͷ
Զ߶ڵϵҵ΢΢ü췽ŵĹûп˿̣ҵϣҲûв˺ۣҵȴڵϲҺӣ·ش
춢ҵлһĨĹ⣺Ȼֱӹʶ
ʮȥҵЩ⣬վ
㡭ʲô
ҵŭ
ɨҵһۣǳŷڶȥ
ҵıӰŭӿҪ׷ȥȴֻͷ­һʹȾʹЩԣ߶ܵӰ죬ֵǿ
ԾһľٴԾǳ⡣
ͻȻƿ֮ߺǰ
Ųһ٣ɫʱͿϣʲô˼
߲Բ쿴ֱۣһ˹ȥ
춯ݣʱоǿѹ

ŭһ׽罣ӿ
΢΢ۣƽһ˲С
һĻҵЩϲקȭͷ
ߣûҵʱĴݣ׽߶£նߣԵǿͨȴޱȰԵ߿ܻ֣ʱﻹǷǳŭ
ﬣ
ŭ⣬׽øӿֲһŭնǰ
߶ݣһĨ⣬¡
һһŭն׽â˲䱻ĵķ顣
ʦѹ
ҵЦ
ɨҵһۣٴνĿϣĳһơ
ƮƮһƣȴʱӰ
ק齣üӺ
ﬣ
ϣֱʩչǿ׽նһӰ
ͬһʱ䣬üٴ׼ʩչΨһһϣܹһ϶лߣϾǿߣûпĿܣֻӶһ·ߡ
ʱ߾ǴЦվǿҲΣңСһ㵱治ʦһޣһʣһľžޡЩЦϵİƶʱʧӰ١
΢㶣ü
ԶҵҲǱһ䡣
߿죬룬ֻʵˡ
ҵʵһ٣һΪ
ΪҪͽѹ㣿ߺͿûûôҪҪͽܣ˼Ҷô㣬ǺܶûСӣͽܣЩΪͿãΪĴ֮һжٸ䣬Ϊյأǳǿ
죺
Աߣҵȴɫһ䣬ЩĶ죺Ǹǰĵӣٴο죬ҵıúѿڵʷϣҪ˵磬֣ǹ˷ڵĴʼˡ
бҵһۣôԷ
ôСӣͽܲ
Ϳõ
죬˵ʲôȴջûпڡ
ƺ֪ʲôͿõ֪ҵЩԵԵЩʲôİԵúܶ˱ѹȣҲʹŬǿΪԵʱ۸ˣ˾۸ⲻǺ𡣡˵ͿôЦҲһ˸ŬĶ
ֻͷЩҲòϣͷĻȷʵôһ˿ڱ۸ȷʵŭȷʵ۸뷨ȻȻͻŬԼǿ˲лᱨ
ˣʦڻ𣿡
Ϳʵ
Ⱦơ

Сӻ˵£Դһ뿪Ѿȥ˰أؼ䣬һҲ˸ӣҲֻһŻšͿ̾˿ӦǺ¼̫ϳϰɡ
Ѿ̫ϳ֪Ͼƹ£һ룬ҲǾЩܡ
ʦΪû£Ψһֵҵ˰ɡ
˵
ͿһĨâЦϣټСһ档
ԱߣҵͿúһɫԽԽѿ
һۣͿ˰ʱ
ʱͿø𣬼ŷڶȥ
ıӰͿЦЦ
ҵͽڵΪǿսȴЩһøŬǣҪŬ
ͿЦ

صסʱɫѾԼ䣬ѾԿǳΪڷϿϺķʶȥʵľĵЩأԴʱûǰϢ
ܿ죬ڰɢȥս
ʱ˹ֱȥǺĥԼʶ
һ۱ȥ
һգǺ߳Ϣһʱ󣬱׼Ͽȥ°䡣ΪԶԣ׽ѾԵЩˣӳɣȴǲ̫ǿҪƿһռΪճս֮á
ڿرŽ֮ΪֶΡ
ѭһС·쾶ֱŷϿȥ
ʱ⣬ͻȻּޱǿϢӰ̤նʱһ⼸ӰУокͰƷϢ˴ڣͬʱǿˡ


252 ͽ
ǿӰ˲ϢϿգһ۱ǿˣˣĹȵhٿԵˣ˽ɢźͰƷƵϢȻͬĹͷһ
ˣ

ǿڣԼµЩʲôʱһɲ֮С
ʱ򣬷ȻҲһĻһ¶֮ɫ
ǿߣ
ǲĹȵh𣿡
˳ϣ
ˣˣ
⡭ô£
˶סˡ
λǺ⣡
ںɽӰ˳Ϊ׵һ˺ȻǷĸߣֱΪͿãޣԻǷڵĴϡ
ŶӰڼͷɫЩ䵭
㴳ڣ˵ǶԷڵӡ
֡ӰУվ˳żɽǰһӺҰº곤ϵº곤ϵĵӰƷǰָҲʱƷɷһ£ŵǸӾ͵ѧҰİط룬Ӧ֪ζʲôɣǰϣǸӽҰ
Զ⻰ɫʱһȻǳģ˫˵׷Źȴû뵽ԷȻֱɱڲҪˣ
⡭
ŵĳǣҪˣ
ĳϺĹȵĳҲһˣְ֧𣿡
ڲٵӶݡ
ǿʲôʱô͵ѧˣһʶʿܵ͵ѧطòûôɣɫһЩҷûκйطλԻȥˡ
˫ۣȻ䱸ɭϣСѷ
¹һŵǿ벻Ҫ̫άµӣɲʲô¡˿ڣǰĳ˵ͽĹȷأǲĹȷֵ£˻ط
£ͬʱƿʮӵĵӣȷȷʵʵǰİطhĮ㻹ǽϱȽϺãĪҪΪһĶĴŵĺ
Զɫһ˵
ͬһʱ䣬һͿòˬĵ˭أŲġ壬Ŀ¶⣬˼һΪŹˡ˵ţͿƲƲ죬һмı飬֮Բˡ
˵ʲô
hʱŭ
ͿЦأŮˣԣš
hŭɭĶͿá
뽫˽Ұڴл

ɫ䵭ǿطҪ˵ŵ˴ľ󲿷ҲвˣҷڵĵӣοܵõطȰλһ䣬һͣҪ̫Ҫأ
ۣ鲢ûʲô仯
̲Ұǿط𣡡
һ˺
ΪߣΪأΪһϡ
ЦıһЩǼʩչطƵһҧ似ҪȥΪҷڵ˶ɵӣ˵һΣ̫Ҫ棬أ
ߵɫʱ΢б
ȻִҪά͵ѧҰӣҵȱֻӲˣ

һԣ

ͬһʱ䣬ĸϽɢ˺⡣
һĻڵһЩӽɫ䡣
⡭
ǣҪսɣ
ǿ߰
˾
ǿߵսƻǿֲĺܣ˶ɵóԶȥ
һߣһϵɢѰС
ҵˣ
ֻһ˲䣬˿ڡ
ǿߵʶǷǳ˵ģֻһɨ˱㷢λãһǰ̧ץ˹ȥ
ɫ΢䣬ٺˡ
Цֵٶȸ˼֡

һǰһĳ
վǿײһ𣬶ʱ絴˸ļľ
˱𿪣ҲǺ˼i
л޳ϡ
ǰл
ղʵЩգû뵽˲ͳٶ̫ˡ
ڰ֣Ц޷Ӧõġ˵ţˣˮ֪
ջر͵ߵط֧ҵ
˵Į
ô˵˽жˣĺôٰɣ

һ˵ʲô
ҡͷα
αû۹⣬ҪôһˡʱӹĻڱ׻ʳǿһӣҪ󣬽űſжΪΪΪұҩңҸС̨״ܣУǸʱɱţϧûܳɹ
Ĺʱһӣĵĺ磬ҲǱҸС̨ѹˣ϶͸Ϊʵ̫ɣҵɱȻҲЩ˵ţˣҷĶ԰ɣǰ
ǰҧĸ̵ζǳŨ
ʲô
һС̨ѹĵĺ磿
⣬ǵĺĺĵӰ
ĻڲٵӽԱɫֱ˫ۡ
ˣ£
Ҳ֪ǲǹ仰֮˵ɫ
СӵĵӣȻǿ
ͿôЦ
Ц˶Уɷǳ̶
ǸСλ¡

ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ʱ䣬ڣǿ߾ȫȥ
С
hձ
Ҳʱһ
ǵҷʲôط봳ܴ𣡡
ȵ
Ż䣬һڶɲǼ䣬ڵĸһƣ漴貵ĹÿһŰɱ⡣
ɽ󣡡
зڵӾϲؽе
ЩȣɨܣвɵһǿʦһĽˮ׼ȻܹȴĿ£Ȼֻ׼ɱ󣬵ȴӡ˲ֹһƺۺһ𣬷ǳֲ
һȺϲҪĶúݳһٲС
Ϳ
ʱڵļͷɫơ
ȻȿµɱУļȴԵú򶨡
ǣ²ܡ
Ļ£ٴβԵص׳ɱʱȫ飬һЩԭ˲ǰȥ
˽Աɫô£
ڵĻɽ󣬾ȻʧЧˣ
Զһڵִ»ȾѪ类ٵˣִ£衭
ۣ
һâɹִµͷ­ն
ɫһ䣬ͬʱǱ˹ȥȻҲ⡣ֻǵâĵطӰվһ𣬺ȻǷڵ䣬ҵ


253 ֱ
ˣٿŵĳһ˲µĳЩ¡
ĻٻȻйء
䣬ҵʲô
ɫࡣ
ʱ򣬷˶ɫ
֮һȻȻһжǵƿ֮С
ͳ˵һǸҲǱƵģ䶢죬ҧǲһɱǣֻʱٵ˴ĶѣһжֻΪԱңҲŵǣºǽУ䱦Ǵڷں̫ˣ
˵ʲô
ڼϽŭ
Ϳøק˫ȭŭŰ󣺡ҵˣǰջеĵӣ̵һĵӣһ̾Ȼŵͽ
ҵǰ֪ĵӺɫһֱÿⱻͳֺ󣬱ǰǸʱͳѾ˵֪ҵ첻ʹҵһΪŪ졣ҵվһ磬սŰķͬˣһգɽһ֣˴ġ
ҲǰҪΨһһ¡
ֻҪû˻ɽ󣬰аٷ֮ٵİտԴ졣
ǸĵӣһȫԸԺһɱңҲܣҵͿãͬǰǰ㣬ңȴңЦԣûͽܣҪΪĵӣ
ˣȶ֣˾Ͱˣ˼ʦͿһŭɫҲ˵Ŭ𣬵ǿһЩԼǣһΪҪһö񱦵ȴ룬㾹ȱŵ£
ô˵ɡ
ҵĵ
Ϳõһѿ㣬ڶ¡
ͽͽͿùһ̳ȵӣŰ
һ̣Ϳ÷·һ˲ࡣ
֪֪治֪ģͿϲˡ

ˣɷɫȴҲǺѿӺ䡣ԼϤĺĵӷҧһڣûбѻˡ
ŷǽ˰ɣҪ˺
ǻŻɽ˵Ҫ˺

һʼͽλ㣿ҡͷΣطǰάĸԲУգŵӣҰôߣ
ǾԿ

һǿԪ͸ռ䶼
ֻǿˡ

ŰĻ£ʱ䣬ӰǶˣĹȵhһȫѹ˹ȥҪץС
һն
գǻס

Ҿͻס㿴

վǿߣŵˣգսһ
ͬһʱ䣬ڵˣ޺ԻǷֱ˰ߺһϣͿǽĹȵh
ʦĲôӶˡ
hЦ
Ϳ¹ڻ⻰ʱŭڣ
䣡
˶һ𣬶ʱɱ硣
ʱ򣬷ڵһڵӽˣһĻĲᡣ
⡭
ԶһЩ
ȥϿǱߣ
˽е
ʱ䣬ڵһͨӽԳŷϿȥ±һ˵սϾʮվǿߣʮսһǵȳʵ̫ڿˡ
춢Ͽգȭͷ漴Ŀɨˡ
˻ٵڵĻɽģ˱򲻻ս
С
ʱһ
Զһϣº糯˹
ʱ䣬ֻһɽѹԼϣһ
СŴս𡣡
һ
ںɽһ׷߲
̫ϳϣ
зڵӾϲ
ŷ̫ϳ߳ռ䶼İ˽Զݡ
վǿ߹Ȼ£

ˣıȴʼպܴݡ
ʱϢ䣬ԶնһߣһϮۣӭŷ̫ϳ϶ֻȡҰطѣûҪŴս˼
̫ϳϣ
׼㣬ϲҲˣ
̫ϳɫ΢
Ҳ˲ͻȫܡ̫ϳϵϾҲͬˣѣ㻹ǽǸĵӽɣҪΪһŵӶƻŵƹϵ
ҿɲǵúѣ£Ҫ֡
̫ϳϵ
̫ϳۣô˵ǲԸˣ
̫ϳ϶Ŷ棬ƽȵִ볤ϧһУ죡ǰŵˣ̫ϳһֱǸ˸ӻһҪȫ
̫ϳһϧһбϧû˻ɽʱһսǿǣеĵֿͽ͡
Կ˭֪
̫ϳϵ
ʱ䣬໥ǣһ𣬳˸ߵĲ񷡣
춢Ÿ߿գкܸмΪЩ˴ʱΪս
һǰѹºıޱȱ䣬Ϣ絶ɱֱն㣬֮ǰҪ֪ȷ֫
춢º磬ܼ΢䣬ȴ˱ܡ
ᱮվԭأĿº꣺˻ã˵һͦڣΪҸŰɱŶԣֻԼжǱˣº꣬˿壬䡣
ºɫʱɱ⡣

º꺮
첻м˵ĺǲ׼ץҺɱƵģ׳ԲУսԶԶºĶ֣ǿͷȴԸԿ򲻹ҲҪ
ºɫӱ䣬ƺ֪˵죬ٿڣһǰ
죬˵Ͽȥ
нΪεִͨ뿪
ߡ
ְΪףִµǰ
ͬһʱ䣬Աһˣִ£׼ߡ
Ҳߣ
ǰ
ִ¼˵ʲôڻ̫ᣬǿߣ㵲ס
Ҳʶѡ
̫ϳǱ㣬Ϊȡʱ䣬ҴߣִµǳֻˣⳡսҲͻֱӽߣ
ܣ
ҡͷֱֱĶǰ
ΪάͰһսһôߣ
ߣ
ְȵ
ºְ⼸һȥ
ƾǣҲң
ºһӣһɿӰʱ佫ְȫ
ְ˵ɣڿѪվǿһƣÿ˶˲ٹͷģԵЩǱվ
ºǰ̧ץ졣
ߣ
ִµȭǰȥ

ºӱ䡣
ۿִµȭͷҪºĴײһ֣һѽִ˻ִ¾ܱ곤Ϊȴֻǲʶ죬һأǺºһƣԻش
죬㡭
ִ΢
ɫأԣִ£齣֡וּһֱӽ׽ʩչޣһ貵ĽնĿΪ֮˻
ִ¶ݣһίʵЩ¡
º˸£ȻҲû뵽һʶʿȻնôµһҲֻôһ˲Ĳѣ֮̽Ĵֲı䷽΢΢һ𣬱ǽ顣
өżȴվֻөԣ
䣬ºһ졣


254 
ƮƮһѹȴǸо˼Ϊֲѹ·һɽԼѹû˿ԥһնԼٳȥ
ߣ
ºһĽâƲĳѹ
Сģ
ִ½е
üץסִµļͷһѽ֮󣺡ִµһģܸмִ±ȴ̫࣬ºԻдѡ
ǡ
ºЦԵû˼֡
齣׽âϯ籩ա
ȻվǿߣµĹȴԵЩ˲Ǳº˸ķѡ֮һ׽âֱϡ
һһѪˮֱӿϺ
϶
º꣬ק
º꣬оһ˿Ȼˣȴû˿η塣
ǣֱºǳ֡
ҿ֧Ŷã
º
죬º겻νֻǳ˫ĳһһƣȻˣȴҲǱƵĲϺˣ̶Ƭ̼ѣֽѾЩľ
וּһºâͻְɱ˹
죬ߣ
ְȵ
ºб۳ɨһۣһߣֳĳһƣְֱĳ֮ºٴλӳһƣȵְؿڣְֱӵɳȥԶڵϣвӿѪϢ˲͹ȡ
ɫ䣺ǰ
ǹ˺Լɡ
Į
ºٴλƣѹ
ɫһرԥʩչʮʱͬʮ糯ºնȥȻ̫ãȴְͦ죬ְҲۼְ˴ɱⱩ
Ȼһ
ºһĨâ
ɲνֻǿ˫֣ºһ졣
תʶ߶ʮնº꣬Ӹǹֻǣվʿ̫ǿˣô˲ºһ˿һ½ǡ
ΪһУ㻹̫ˣ
º
һƣºĳһƣһ˲Ա
ķɣʶܵ𶯣ʱһѪˮ
ºֻ꣬ǽ齣յĸվǿ̫ˣǿʱֻܸоԷñһ̫ħɽԺ
ֻǣ֪һ㣬ȴǲηӣΪû˿塣
ս⣿翹
º
䣬ºٴһ
תʶ𣬳ʮ⡣
УºһδĿʮÿζܵһЩɣǲסѪˣȴķһڵľ
վǿߣս
Ȼܿڣ
⡭
˺Ȼ
˻λ˼Լһǿߣƻŵ˫ȷ㲻ǰ㣬ҲûսΪƴҲ˿áڣ־ȴǰ޾壬гһδնǿߣ
֪ʲôк𣿣
Ĳ
ºսϣ˱鲻һ
ҵ죬קȭͷɫޱΪ˿ֳ̱ս̫ˣȻΪߣȴսԶûôǿһߣͳɫ΢ףǱԶͬǿߵսסˡ
ʻǲһսһɨķ򣬵ϧʲôãվº꣬Ѿע˵ţһܼĵâʮ
ܿ˴󲿷ֵâǻһȴǴӸ˹ȥʱ䣬ڲ¥ͤ飬ѿһ϶ڣмڵŵֱӱǱȵâʵķǡ
һĻڵ̲סһ־ŭ
ˣ
һδŭ
üͷ΢漴һ߶ѡ
бɱ𣺡
ȻڵֵºĹȻʱ˲ˣȴע⵽Ǹ򣬼żͬУҲ޾ŭҪϸ˵⼸ڵӣҲΪⳡҶ֮С
˵
ɱ˲٣Ⲣʾ֪Ŀɹ治ɫնɱˣżͨͬƽ޹ʵĲһŭ
º국Įпտط𣡡
ʱº߸ֳһһ·Ҫռն
о˸ǿѹƵĲˡ
˽ע⵽һĻŭɫȥȴ鲻Ͼÿ˶һԼԼǿĶ֡
߿յĵط̫ϳǣŷ̫ϳϣΣ˵ֻܱѹֻܱߡ
̫ϳɨǱߣ챻ºһδλˣޱͱҷںݣ˵ţ̫ϳɢǿƣϵƲ㶼ܵ𶯡
̫ϳüͷһ壺ΪһŵӣοһΪĵ統ǺѾȻҲ֪Ϊʲôչֻ˵ڵˣڻѾûжϵ˰ɣң˵ѾˣԾȡ֣ʵҲͺ˲࣬һ˵ĵӣֵô
̫ϳŭ˭˵ˣҷڵˣ
̫ϳһŭն·𱻻ˣȱˡ
㲻ף
̫ϳҡͷɫȴ˼ֱ֣չطʱʮкգŷ̫ϳնȥ
սһֻĲ
۷ײ
ﬣ
ʱһطٴ
ʶΪº꣬ƵһˣǶ˲˺ۡ
ˡ
º
һ̣ºͻȻֳıݵĳ֫ȥ
ı裡
һĻнԱɫĽ첻ܱܿ

ԿܽһƬսͿƴŰhһλλӸ߿ճ£ڼ䲻ݷ䵲ǰΪǴԶhһؽټ֮ºĽǳ죬ֻȥ
ۣۣۣۣ
ıͬʱͿڣؼʱͿЩıû˵ҪȻˣ⻹վǿߺݺҡ˼£ûһͷԵڵϡ
󾪣æסͿãǰ
ͿÿѪʹϵıγһЦСӣԺʦǰǷ飬Ϳûˣ˵⻰ƺǣƣͿõǻ˼£ĵ˿ڲסѪ
һĻ˶ݡ
ͦ⣬һվǿߣȻΪһСȥҵĽŹ֡ºһ¶ЩЦãڱʱʧһռսˡ
Ϲͷ㽻Ҳ
Ϳõ
˵ţͿ˸ǰһȻҪֵºꡣ
ʱһֻקס
Ϳã˫Ķºꡣ
תۼ䣬üĹ⻪ʢܼüĴƮڷԲڵÿһ䡣֮ٵģܼ곯м俿£۳һߴ糤󽣣貹⻪Ŀˡ
ն
ҧȵ󽣳˲Ƶºǰ


255 Źǿ
󽣹⻪ĿٶҲǿ켫ºͻأɫ΢䡣Ҳֻ˲ѣºһ̧гٶȷʵԣΪʶĹܹǿãʵɡ
˵ţºһն¡
һȵ֮ϡ
ºɫȻһ̣ɫˣΪĳնϣ˿Ҳ޷󽣣еıֱֱ˹
ܣ
º궯ݡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǱһ䣬ΪǶºĽװ׵ն󽣣ǣȴȻûܹĵ󽣷ֺ
ʱѾƵºǰºҲûܵĿܡ
ͣ
һ죬󽣾ֱûºͷ­ڡ
ûеѪţһ̣º귢ͷƤĲҽУŵŵŵĳȥ˫ץͷ·ʲô˾㤵Ŀ̡
ô£
ǡ
ʲô
һĻ˽Զݣ̫ϳϺͰ̫ϳڡ
Ϳð⣬ɿץͿõ֣˲˳ȥһֳ̣ٶһվǿ߶ľһɲǱ㵽ºǰ
㣡
ȭֱӻӳ
һһȭʵʵºؿڣʱºٴβҽУһѪˮ˳죬ȭ˵վǿߣʵϣӳȭͷͨ似ȭ
ȭͨȴ̲оڡ
飡
һȭºϣһȭºɶԶ
ȻһвûнȡϷ󣬸ͣº˿ָĻᣬһ˲ٴα˹ȥɫ˫ȭգÿһȭȫͬ㣬ºϡ
һĻ˶ɫ
Ȼ
ǿվǿ߰ѹվǿߴ򣡣
ˣķˡ
һЩڵӽ͡
ͿϴˣѪˮʣһĻ˫ȴֹס˸
꣬ʲô˰
Ϳ૵
ʶصΪǿߣмĲൽж󣿸صĲҲ޷Խĺ蹵ڣԭ޷Խĺ蹵ǰһʮ겻õ꣬ȴ˹ȥ
ƾʶΪѹǿߴ
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷϵºĲҽסĻص
ʱ˿̣켸ǽº굱ɳ˫ȭҪǮºϡ
һĻ˵顣
ﬣ
ХУһɭɭ֣ºĲնȥ
ֹ
ع󺰡
hҲû˲˹ȥһն
٣
죬hеɱŨͬʱh뵽ŴüĴƮİɫܾúͰǳƣ룬ǾԲǰ䡣
hѹʱоѹʱѹºΪնºʶºһ˲ʧȥսȫʢhȻǶֻ֣òǚi˲˳Զ
Ůˣ
h䡣
ԭֻһ˿ɱº꣬ϧȴǱƻˡ

hɫһֱӱ졣
г𶯣׽նͬһʱ䣬üٴܼƮ鲼ڿУٴ۳һ󽣣ֱնh
Сģⶫֱӹʶ
һ
ԶºѪȭͷɵ࣬Իָ˹ΪһºȻȻ֪ʲô
hݣܿ󽣴
ֱӹʶôܣ
hɫ
ʱºĻ̫ϳϺͰ̫ϳڣ˶ɫһʿ˵ʶҪԲԶ˵໹ҪֱܹӹʶȻһÿ¡
ôᣬº곤ϣǲǸоˣ

ʱ򣬰̫ϳҲº꣬ʵº³Ļ̫ˡֱӹʶǿɴû˵ֶδڣ٣ͨɾ֮¾ûУһʶʿƿֶΣ
ºȥǵѪдţǵֱҵʶҵʶܵĴ𵴣ֱӱٴζ죬ºûʼӣ˲˾˵ɱ⡣
ºˣҲû˻ɡ
һ룬վº꣬һôܻо
ģһǶֶΣ
ҵŭǰڷϿܹĴˣֻû̫࣬ϾֻһƬ΢Сѣڣվºʱһյ£նԵŤ
죬Ȼôǿ
ԶͿһյ£ԭʱֱӹҵʶѹ֣ѹûз˺ۡʱͿòɨһԶҵжʱֳһŭ⣬ϤĵӣȻţ
߿ϣ̫ϳ϶죬ȵץס
ʱȻվǿҲŨŨɱ⡣ֻʶѣȻ˵еֶΣֱܹӹɱʶ̫ˣȵ绹ǿһЩˣԲ£
⻰һȻŨɱ⡣
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Хֻ꣬ŷڵĸ߿ϣܼıɲǼ
Ϊh˰æһΣֻˣ̫ϳϣϡһ̣ȴº⣬ȫչ˰طʱ䣬ڱƯڷڵĸ߿УĶǱŲ
ǿʩչİطö࣡
⡭Ҫôôս
ˣ
еӽԱɫ
ʱ򣬼һĻȻhҲǱɫȻЩԾܿ죬˵ĿϣиֳŨŨɱ⣬ˣ
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬߿ϣһɿֲƳ
̫ϳϳűֻһȴ̫ϳ϶٣۳һܼĻ潣յĿ죺ϧһдۣȫϧһдۣ
ǻ
̫ϳֱӳ˹ȥ
ƴҲǵóѣ
̫ϳϵ첻ΨһĵӣҲͬһΣҪ죬Ϊ磬ҲΪš
֪ν
̫ϳ
ǿײһ𣬽Х꣬Ԫ񱩣νֲ
ͬһʱ䣬˺ͷ˵սҲֻǣʱ򣬲˳ʩչطİˣսǿͬʿ٣˽ǿʼƣƵĲϺˡ

һڲͤ¥ƻһزն
һݺᣬǵȳֱһڷڵľ
춢һĻɵս˫ȭʱΪΰطĴǿȷʵ̫ǿˣ˿̣ƾļȫѹ˶֣ڵļͷ·
ߣ
һhº졣
hһֱչ䣬ǰͿþ˹ȥ

Ϳŭ
º곯ɱǿľˣֱӳ˹ȥΪʶնˣ˿ûʩչطֻǻѹ죬Ȼˣ˵ԶǿߣԿ⡣
̶Ƭ̼䣬챻ƵĲϺˡ
飡
ʮ찤һƣֻоؿھΣˡ
һ齣յĸ˼֣һǰնʮâ
ʹ򣡡º꺮ΪҪõ֪ĶȻɱ죬ʱ˼ˣӲһƺȻܶʱɺܾȡ漴ɫƱּ˼һƱˣҿ˭㣡
ؿڵʹǚi˸ͬʱüĴâʢܼƮٴ۳󽣣º깥ɱȥͬһʱ䣬һЩҲǾۼܱߣһնºֱ꣬ͷ­
ֶͬΣʹõڶΣ
º
㿪󽣣ʱ䣬ܼӰٴ
Զ˼վŭҪȥȻһȴκ˶޷ȥˣʱ򣬼ͷٶ˲ˣȻǷڵ̫ϳ϶˼Ⱦ˲Ѫ
ǿȫѹˣ
⡭
ô
Ƿڣѵᱻ
һڵӽԴˣɫ԰ף촽̲ס


256 Ͼƹ
зڵӶסˣһ̲ͣסʱ򣬷ͷ˿ս̫ϳҲԱ̫ϳѹˡ
ô
૵ɫһƬ԰ס
ºͬʱҲעһУɵý齣յĸ
ٶȲҿܵʲôʱ򡣡
º
죬ºЩ䣬Ϊţȷʵ˵Ĳᣬڴ˿طʩչսۣҲΪˣûѸѹ졣
ŭüĴâ
ǿʹһΣܼİüĴƮ۳ɽеƮڿУͬһ⽣ֱŰԼhƮȥսԶԶЩˣԶЩɸš
ºɫ΢䣬ȵֱܣҪֵ
ܹһºһбǷǳ˽⡣
ˣ
İƮ·һ꣬Ͼˡ
˿ܣɫ΢΢ЩɭǷƽЩ겻Զ̫ţڣǸԶһǿߣʱֱֿӹɱʶĶǸǴ˼鷳
Ҫ֪ʱһݵҲԸı£
ʱ䣬ͷս˺תپƣѹ˶Էһͷɨһߵ죬ж貾â̫꣬ˣ
̫ϳһΣٳǱȥ
룡
̫ϳ
וּһʮڱкΧϣ̫ϳϵȥ·ȫ

̫ϳŭһ𶯳콣⣬򽣹֮ɱ̫ϳϡ
̫ϳһһܰһǣס̫ϳϡ
򣬷˴˿԰ЩƣԶѰһȥ죬ȴûһܹѶ֣ǱεǣһΧڡ

ŭ
ʱڵˣҲǰ˼طѪۡ
ڵս֣ɴƣ
ҵ˼һĻж˸⣬ǰط̫ǿˣ֮ᣬҲϰսϴ˷֮ɫɨķ򣬼Ǳº꣬Ц
ӰһºɫǼЩ
ѱŰˣΪǣ
İºдЩ̡
ק齣Բ׽âʢһն
ˣ
ºһ磬
ǚiˣܿһƣһĹ죬ؿһۣжʱӿѪҲΪˣϣƮڿеаתۼȫ飬İ˽ɲ٣ʱٴѹס˷ڵˡ
º궢죬˫ۣҸղһƻǺõġ
˵⻰ºȴ˸˸ɭȻâʼؿڵһѾǣȴһֱǹɾʹսڣվǿߵĶսݼоЩ£ǳɳ԰ԣԻǸѣ
£
һºٶȱøЩ
ǚi˸вѪɨܣڴǰѾƻĲӣһЩŵڻսвְִºԶ˸˲ˣͿã֮ǰΪ˰ӲºĽ˿h
ЩˣΪ˻Լ
һ㣬кܸжͬʱҲӵķŭ
º꣬ɵ÷ŭʮХǰ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
һľԪǳ¡
ֻǣµĹǿ߶ԣȴ治ʲô
̫ˣĹ۾Ҳ
º
˵ţº꾹ı˫ۣʮдݿ粽
ק齣ŭŨ
ʱһϤͻأ𣺡ʵ˵۾ͦ𡣡Ϣ䣬ʮжһӰûκ˲Ӱγ֣漴һ̣һĶ
žһºɣֱֱײԶһϣһѪˮڶ
һĻɫ䡣
ʲôˣ
ȡ
춢ǰҰЩģˣǣվǿˡ
ϼһ
΢ʮ׹ڵϣҲǳȥ
֮ǰºһƣӲ֧ŵڣѾﵽˡ
৵һ˳󣬽µ֧СӣռʿƯĻ˰ϾƹĵӡϤϤľζ첻ôϲζʱȴһ˲
Ҳʱ˶˵ģ
磡
ɫ΢䡣
ǸĴΪ֮ļµˣȻȥô꣬Ҳǡ
ʦ֣
ڳҲ¶ϲɫ
ˣˣ
ͿôЦ
̫ϳ΢硣ȥٴμˡ
ˣҷڵλ콾
磬Ǹ磿
Ǹƾһ֮ɨĴŵǰ
еӶסˡ
ԼʷᣬʷϣĿڷʷй£һǺ䶯Եģκļ¡
Զҵͳ˵ı鶼ò̫ÿû뵽ǸĴŵķ콾Ȼʱ򷵻ţ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫϾƹϣͬ
磡
Զһŭ
ºվϴӡޱȷŭĶϾƹ
ֻǣϾƹô⣬Ц조Сӣھƣһơ
˵ţϾƹӺ«ȡһξƣԪţ͵ǰ
֪ϾƹľƲһ㣬ϴλͻһС磬Ҳûԥֱ¡һβһξƺ쾹Ǹоһˬ漴оʹʱ˲ࡣ
ô
Ͼƹ
öˡͷɨϾƹ΢Щ죺ϼһϴͷˣƽʱϾƹͬϾƹ磬ԵúܸɾһϮɫ۸ǽ֮еޱȿʣЩɵķɡ
ôΪʦ˧ɣ
ϾƹЦ
죺
ϼһҲʲôһζûС
ƺʲôϾƹЦЦСӣ㱦һáϾƹĻ£Ǹоһգ齣ϢϾƹУͫ΢ûпϾƹȡ
齣Ͼƹļ򣬳ǰȥ
һ̣˵ĿⶼǲϾƹƶƶ
漴ϣһ˵ıʱͱˡ
ʲô
ºȵΪֽϾƹ˹
Ͼƹºǰͣɰĵӱ˵ôأʦģܻǵЩʲô԰ɣ˵ţϾƹг


257 ɷ
ºɫ΢䣬磬ɵͷһ漴ͻָߵ˵ЩѾϵĲˣڵ㣬Ϊǵ𣡡
ϾƹЦȷʵǵꡣ
齣һĨ⡣
ۣ
ºؿѿѪֱ
һº굹ɣһײԶľϡ
һĻʱ˱ɫ
ղţн⣿
ƺûа
⡭
ļ¡
ʱȻǰ̫ϳҲݣһ塣
ºѪվ
㡭
ºɫˣһˣȴϾƹĶû塣
Ͼƹ˻гôûսЩ̫ϰߡ
Ȼõ˸ľ
һնǿߣ⣬⻹УЩ̫ϰߣ
˿Һ
춢ϾƹıӰͫҲǲɵһǿ
ʱºɫȻͲôÿˣȭͷ
һҪעˡ
Ͼƹ۵
Ż䣬齣ϣһ㵭˳
ºɫһ䣬̲סһҪɱң
ϾƹϹŵЦ⣬˵ʲôȻȻˣȴɴºǿѹһ¸Уºһ˿η塣ק˫ȭºǿŲʣʶİط
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ʮ
Ͼƹɫޱ仯齣ϵĻ͵һ漴𣬻ָ糣
ûнûн⣬ϾƹеĽƽն¡
⡭
ʲô
֡
֣ǰʲôҲûзӡ
ҲüţϾƹȻ˽϶ù
ʱһ촫

ǽȫԶݡ
һ̣Ƶºߵʮ˲鲼Ѻۣ鿪׹ڵء漴˸𺳵УºüһѪôֱͦͦĵȥϢʧһɶ
Сӣ˳˳
Ͼƹ
һǾâ
һɱ
ǿ
˳
Ӧ
ķڽɣһ֮ɨĴŵˣ̫ǿˣֻоԼѪҺ
ʦ֣
קȭͷѣʦ֣ôǿ
úúãˬ죡
ͿôЦ
ͿõǸˣ˷ˣǰȴɫӲˡ
һǿߣôˣ
С
̫ϳϴŭʮȫϾƹնȥ
һ̫ͻȻ̫ϳ϶
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ʮ˸ɱ⣬ǵȳνֲ
Ͼʱվǿʩչİط
Сģ

ϾƹһЦŰ̫ϳϣһ
һնȴ˲һƬ𺣡
̫ϳϼʮȫ׹ڵءʱеĻȼգֻãЩ棬ÿһƶǿµĽ
̫ϳһ𿪣ܵһЩ𵴡ٴζϾƹվǿ¶ŵı飬ֹס˸һɫ
̫ϳϵĹȻһ˲ͱ
Ȼ
Ͼƹбɨһ۰̫ϳϣ漴ƫͷܣҳĵطǻٳǼͷ۵¡˵ţϾƹųͿöhȥ
磬Ҫʲô
hļ£̲סһ
һնɱº꣬һ̫ϳϵİطϾƹսν˲סˣhһƿ־塣
Ҳ£ĹȲҡ
Ͼƹ
㡭
hʱ뵽ʲôֱӺˣŷȥһξʮԶ
Ͼƹۣ齣̧𣬶Կն¡
ۣ
ԶһѪޣĿ
һǿߣն
⡭
֣һ
Ƿڵλ˵̫̫ǿˣ
ڵӵۡ
ʱЩڵг˷ܺͼ
оâֱϾƹնվǿߣоԼѪҺ׷ΪϾƹǵξƣʱһЩӵϼһĿɨҵˣһ˱˹ȥ
ǣҪȥɱˣ
ˣޣǾ
ǣˡ
ٷڵӶݡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҵ˵ɫֱ䡣
Ϳǰɱɣ
ʵ
ͿȾѪȻ˵ʲôˣϤôõĵӣȻţо裬еŭκ˶ǿҡ
õͿõĿ϶ǳһͿ˹ȥ
죬㡭
ˡ
ڼʶ֮ǰһֶκٴ죬Ǿ⡣
ҵҲɫ΢䣬ܿ죬ϱǶ¶ɫƾʲô
ȳҵҪǿĶ࣬ϾһǷִ£һǷںĵӣΪʶ졣
ɫĮһ˹ȥɱֻӶѣ㹻ˡ
ﬣ
׽Хֱӳȥгһӳʮ⡣

ҵŭ
ɫֽѹ졣
ҵҪ˲٣ʱȾŲѪȥͬһħ㣬ĳ඼̲סһɵóȥ
ɨгһ𣬵ҵĽ˲ǰ
ɱˣĿʼ
֡
ۣ
Ѫһͷ­б˳ȥ
ƫͷҵ
ΪնһƶʱֶЩٴһѪˮ
ƾӣҺս
ҵȵ
ˣʱҵɫȴһƬ࣬һƾ⡣
һߣһˡ
ɱǣ㹻ˡ

һһתޱ飬ֱɱȥ
ҵŭҲ¶׹⣬ɱϡ
⡭
Ǹһôصˣȴ
ǿ
ڵӶ죬Ͻ¶֮ɫ
Ͼƹһֱڹע죬һĻɵЦЦҩЧһѣʱȥս̫ǿ˰Сӡ˶٣ϾƹЦĸЩϲϾƹĵӣ
ʱϾƹʱͣ
ﬣ
Ǹ򣬽Х
ȻѪϵսȴ˾ηŵֻһͨÿһնȴĿ˻׽âɨʮƵҵһˣʹ˵ɫѿ㡣



뽣ײƬ̺һ죬еͨ۶ϡ
ı˿䣬һΣгһֱնǰ
ͬһʱ䣬һֱ߳ؿڣһ߷ԶΪ̫оֶһЩһɾʹϮؿڣʱӿһֻǣıɲ䣬ǿн֮ȥ
ڣ˽ǣ
ĵ
䣬üһƬƬüĴŵ⻪
ԶϾƹһζݣ˫ֱǡ


258 Ͼƹ
һƬƬüĴƮͬһƮڿУϾƹʱݣ˫еһ˸տտâ漴Ͼƹϱ¶Ц⡣
ˣ
Ʈɣ˵졣
ҵһĻʱɫҵǰԳܹȰĹֻһƬʹ˿̣ȴһѣ
ʱҵˣһ
ɫĮŲһ̤һ˹ȥ
ﬣ
гһ׽âɨͬʱ˾˹
ؿʱʱҵʹȴûʲô飬Ψд˿˿⡣ʱڵԪͲ࣬ټڲ϶񻯣ǣڼֱչǚiٶȻӶ齣



ҵײ˾ΪսףʱȴԵúǱһҪܵİǱǿսѹסˡ

ͻȻҽһƬƮʶ
ȻֻһƬȴҲ㹻ʹˣһ˲·׻˰㡣
һĨâ΢΢£漴һԾ
ۣ
ѪҺڿУĲҽȻֹ
һʬ嵹ڵϣһѪۣѪ
֮һ
ÿ죡
ôصˣȻһ
ǡ
ļ¡
ʵʵ̫̬ˣ
ֻʣˣ
ƫͷɨҵ
ӭĮҵͷһ۷̲סһ
ϵս⣬̫ǿˣ

ҵŭһԪ𶯣նһΪǿĽ
΢ٺˣܿһȻһ̣΢΢ݣΪҵնһ󣬲ûɱǳŰǿǸȥ
λǰң
ҵе
ı䣬սǿľˣҵˣȫʧȥս

첻м
òϣҵٶࡣ
һ̣ڵԪȫüһγ״ƮڿеһƬƬٳм£ɲǼ۳һԼĶ̽
ɱ

ݵһ̽㣬˲Ϣֱûҵĺס
ҵҽˤڵϣסķ鴤ͬһ㣬˺ԼͷͷƤ²٣νǴĿġ漴ģҵĲҽ΢ҲСȫʧȥ˶
նʶ
ˣ
䣬ҵ
նɱˣƺֻȥ˽ٸѡ
һôصˣȻôնɱͽ
⡭
ǰһĻеӶˡ
ɱĺã
Ϳô𣬼Ǹˣģһ
ԶֱֱĶ죬꣬ؼм
ȣ
Ѫ齣֧壬ȥ
˵ǿжԪһնɱʶʿ˿̵Ʊñ֮ǰˣҰģȻˣȴ¶һЦԶϾƹϼһҽˡ
ϾƹЦһξˮӺ«ƮֱӵУСӣⶫǺģ˷Ρ䣬ϾƹתϵǸ򣺡˵ӵ£ʦı峡ˡ
ϾƹϴЦһǰǵķ
磬㡭
ﬣ
һֱӺ˳ȥѪ
Ͼƹû˿ɱ⣬ʼնŵЦڻʳǵʱͶ¹ɱ֣Ҳһʶȴ룬һ·ɱˣζԱ˵ĵӶ֣ʦĻ𣿡
վɫΪѿ㡭
ﬣ
һ̶ĽֻϾƹӽǣȴٴκ˳ȥƬѪҺڿУͷƤ顣
һĻȻǰ̫ϳϵͫ׶
ǱؿڴĿĽۣԿ߹ǵӰ
㡭һֱˣûǷϣ
ɫࡣ
飡
˵Ļո˵˶ʱٴκɣؿڴһĽӡ
Ƿ񣬿˿ϵ
Ͼƹ
˵ЩʱϾƹĲʼպƽһǰ
ٴվȴǲٿˣһˣһ·˵̫ϳͣǰϾƹǿ˸оЩĲˣαնˣһα߷ɣȴϾƹĶ壡
̫ϳϵͷһϣҲǰǰȻѡǰһϾƹ˶͹ˣС̫ˡ
ϾƹɹЦڰ̫ϳϵĻ˿Ҳ⣺ɱˣûһܹȥǰǣǣԺҲǡ˵ţϾƹŵǰˡ
Ͼƹƽİ̫ϳɫһſСϷͿľŵ׳ɳһŻ䣬֮ǰʮڱһβƮУ˶
ʮźն
̫ϳϳʮżУѹϾƹ
Ȼһ̣̫ϳϱɫΪϾƹӰʧˣôϢʧҰС
˵ˣǰ
һ
̫ϳһĿȥϾƹѾߡ
㡭
ž
Ͼƹһƣ̫ϳ϶ʱ˳ȥֱֱײִڡ
ϴˣ
ͷɫĽһɺ⡣
һ̣˶˫ĿԲͬһ㡣
һƣķվصľǿߣ
ϼһô
춼£ڻʳʱ˫˵ϾƹѾȷ̫ϳϲˣڿ˫ǵ͹Ͼƹս̫ϳϺͷ̫ϳΪһ£ϾƹܹƮƮһƾͽ̫ϳϳɳȥսѾ˷̫ϳࡣ
ʱ򣬷˵ıνǼ˷ܵ㡣
ˬ죡
Ϳú
ԶЩĵط̫ϳ̲סݺᣬ·ڵˣôȥͬǰɫͬǰоο
ʱΨ˵ɫѿ̼˿־塣
㣬㡭
Ͼƹ˵ŵŵŵĺˡ
̫ϳ϶һķɣˣȥֵȥս
Ͼƹߵ˽ǰƽ̧齣
һΣôȥò˸ͽΨһЩ£δ˲ΡϾƹɢֻǣһϼһǵ۸ʵ˵Ĳôˡ
΢ֻǡ
ۣ
һͷ­бɶԶԶĹʮԶ
Ͼƹתˣˡ


259 һ
ϾƹĿֻüһɫԱò԰
磬Ҫʲô

ϾƹһǼɵһ̲סһ
º꣬hˣǿߣתۼͱɱðһᵽԼϾƹĲ̫࣬ˣ޴ĺ蹵
ִõķһɰԪ̫ϳϴг˳һǰɫصĶϾƹ˶٣̫ϳϵ磬뿪±ˣΣ
վصǿߣŵһİ̫ϳϣʱɫȴء
ߣδ̫Щɣ
Ͼƹۡ
⻰һʱðƤһ
̫ϳϳѾһУǹ˰ɣ
ֻһ˶ѣ̫С
Ͼƹҡͷ
ԣ˽һŭ
̫ϳ¶ŭļˣĵѧҰİطҪ֤ûʲôĵӺúõĻţҰȴһվǿߣ㻹ΣҪ̫֣
˼ңôҲİ꣬˵ѣ̫ðɣϾƹЦʲôطվǿҲ״ȥο͵ѧߵİطǴʲô⣬Ϊ˻²
̫ϳϵɫʱ˵ɫҲøѿ
㾿Σ
̫ϳϵʱŷһˣǰνǴھԵƣԸսΪսȥһ˾ԻȫһǼȫ𣬰ܾ޴Ĵܻһ
ϾƹɨܣϵЦŨ
ڱƻӣ⳥һЩʧְɣϾƹЦǼվʿӦö㲻ƣȫóɡ
Զһ飺ϼһԭΪϾƹ԰˶֣ȴû뵽ϼһȻʱ𼸸ͷʹоһջ𡣲һ룬̾Ϣ⻹ϾƹԸ
ʲôܣ
ȵǿǷڵļͷʯеĶǱĺܣ
̫ϳһֹ̧֣ס˰
˵
̫ϳΪΪ⣬ûּۻ۵ء
˵ţ̫ϳһ֣ʱ䣬ָϵʯһѶЩΪı쿴ǰһ۱һϤĵҩǷ̫ϳϴĶ񵤣ʮö
ͷһʮö񵤣ֵνߵľˣ֮⣬һЩĶռ似ͬʱ˼ϿǿĵȼÿſҲǧҡ

һڵӾԻȻɵҺ
Щͨӣ˶ɵ΢΢ݡ
Ȼܸ㰡ϾƹЦˣأ
ҧгݣȴҲ֪Լһʲôľ̫ͬϳǰ㣬һ֣ʯеһЩȫ˳˸ʹԼıȫȡ˳
ʱ䣬ĿεΡ
ڿ˰ɣ
̫ϳϵ
Ȼ
ϾƹЦ
Ͼƹе齣΢΢һ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪֱбɳȥڿбǱѪĭ

ҽ𣬰ԼϣԱնһֱۡ
̫ϳ˳ȥɶԶŭĶϾƹ磡
ĵͦ죬վǿߡ
Ͼƹ
㡭
̫ϳŭ
һߣ˶Ͼƹн¶ĺɱ⡣ȴ̫ϳ⣬ÿ˶Ͼƹնһֱۣңնµֱȫˣ鵤ҩҲ޸
ϾƹЦڣǿˡ
赭дİ˸ŭ
Һƴˣ
ŭֻһ̣˱Ǻ˳ȥһѪˮ˳
ԭ붯֣һ̣ȴǿ֮ǰˣڵİǿ߱ˣȴǶϾƹζ֣һĸо
𣿡
ϾƹЦ
̫ϳɫҧߣԭǾʹƣ񣬰ָԱжһֱۣսˣʱߣϾƹı⣬·̫ϳҪǿа¡
ˣʩչطʱȫ£ɱߡ
Ͼƹٴ
̫ϳһ˫ȭŰϵͷߣһ۾ͳ˷ڣĽȫ˷ɽϡ
תۼ䣬ʧԶա
⡭
ˣ
ԣˡ
һЩڵ
漴һ˶Ͼƹȫ˸
ʱ򣬷ֻ֣ǿ󣡡
ԶȻ춼һһ㶵ģ֮ǰϾƹֻͷеȴ룬Ͼƹתۼն˰Ͱһһֱۣʵ£ڵعʱ򣬰һѾԶԶ뿪˷ڡ
ʦ֣
ѣٳϾƹ˹ȥ
ϾƹЦЦָµϵһѱɣӦá
ͷҲϵ䱦ȫ
Ǯң
Ͼƹе
ʱޣԻͿã϶˹ô겻⼸ڵĳ϶ܻϾƹ
Ϳͷ⡭ͦǱ
ϾƹͿõ
ò˵ͷͿ˵أѪ·Щȡ
ˣǰͽܵ˼
Ϳƿڴ
ʱԶķһڵĿ࣬ԼŵվϣȻſڳơӡ
Ͼƹһ㶣ɨ۲Զ죬¶Ц⣺л˰
硣
һϵ
̫ϳվԶſڣȴƺ֪˵ʲô
Ͼƹŷ̫ϳϣһԲ¡
ʦ֣Դ뿪ʦЩһֱ𡣡
С
ϾƹƫͷԶ졣
𿴣ıˣ
Ϳõ
齣֧壬˵̫ϳİɡ
Ͼƹתŷ̫ϳ˹ȥ
쿴Ͼƹı飬ֻǼϾƹ̫ϳһ˷ںɽĳЦЦʹ齣֧վ
죬оΣ
ǰ
лģһãûʲô󰭡漴˺һŷĸ֣صһ񣺡ΪһˣλǰˣͬʱҲŴô鷳ʵںܱǸҲܸм
ҡͷںɽ
Ҫл㣬㣬һҲʦˡ



260 ʶ
ںɽ˴Ц̾Ϣܵ˵ͷԵúܸˡ
ż˵ı飬ҲǲɵһЦǸϾƹǺܵİ
ˣǰǡ
Զְִڵϣ֪Σߵְ˽ǰ¼˵ƣ漴˿⼸Ȼ˵ĺأڶûΣգֻȻжѡ
õģϻᴦ
Ц
Ϳĸ϶ɵðԵͷսĵһ±ǵİԼˣ⶯СȴԿһ˵ƷС
ŷĻ䣬ִǰϵķԸ£СĽְ˵ִ·𣬳ŵͥȥͥǷڵȡҩĵطһЩִˣҲȥͥ
ˣû⣿
ʵ
û¡

Ǳá
ͷ
ʱԶһڵߣ˶Ƕ죬ϽԴų֮ɫƾʶΪǿߣӲ֮նҵˣЩڵӴĵһɾη
治λǰĵӣ̫ˣ
૵
һʱ䣬ڵӾվԭأסˣ֪ʲôǷڣʹһɢȥ
죬ҲȥϢ¡

ȻԳûʲô󰭣Ƿ֪˿̵岢ֹۡ
á
ͷ
ʵ˵ڵ״ȷʵ̫ãϾƹһƵڣȴҲһ˲ͻƣϾӲվǿߵһơǸʱºûгȫһƵɻǷǳ£һʶʿʱѾܵظˡ
ŷ΢΢㳯סȥ
ӰͷЦЦ
ʰо֡

ɨܣǰƻЩأ洦Ѻۡ
ͿõҪǻɽ󡣡ɽ£ͿõɫǺܺÿɽ𻵣ҵйأҵȴϤĽ̵һĵӡ
룬¡
ϵ
ޣ¾鷳ﳤˣ鷳ȥһλ׼Ŀʦæ޲ġ˵⻰ʱ򣬷ԵЩ֣أΪɽȷʵǳҪһҪɡ
ã̶
޵
ҲЩˣ̫أֱڿڡ
ɽ֪ʦֺʦĵˡҡҡͷͿõϽǶ𻵵Ĳᣬвµ

صסʱɫ΢Щû£̯ƣ漴ֱתļơϾƹһڣתļʱЧ˲٣ؿڵʹڿټ
ˣ
â֯⣬Ի谵ķ˲١
˲Ũ֮£о̹ļתҲǷǳ˳ܿ죬һʱǹȥʱԭǲ԰׵ԱúԵ
ֹȥʱתļڵƣƼһ롣ʱûǼתļԺлºԿʱһĻĻʶнһһεݻ
ˣ
ģϵĹâŨϢøǿ
Ѿ鲼ǳǹһƵĳס
ĬĬתļʱʱ֮
ˣܿһҹȥ
糿ʱ֣˫վ˫ֺֻо׳˼֣Ҳв׵лâòϣʵǿվºһսܲɷֵĹϵ
Ӵ״̬
һ
Ų֪ʲôʱƿˣ̧ͷȥϾƹűߡ
ɨһۣԹԵ¡
װʦȥ
Ͼƹۡ
ֲûȡ

Ͼƹӣ̫ϳӦĵͦá
治ɰ
Ͼƹ˾䣬ϷţƵŲ˽ȥ
´ϾƹʵףĳһϮɫۣȥҲʮӣװ磬һ治ϰߡ
СӣǼΪʦ
ϾƹĲӴЦ
죺
ϼһһҲ
˵ڵʲôΪ̫ϳ϶Ƕ֡ıЩƫͷϾƹòѾﵽͨɾ˰ɣ
˭֪ءϾƹЦ㣬ŪȤĶɡ
ʲôȤĶ
΢㶡
ϾƹۣüƮ
ϾƹĻıһ㣬ҵʶͻȻһô£ʶеİȻŷǳǿⶫȴɲô˽⣬Ūס
ʶĶȻء
ϾƹЦ
΢Щ֣ӣ˵Щ
ӴСӣװʦ㡣ϾƹִĲƿĶ棬ſڣͨԣʿʶвܻκζΪﵽͨɾ󣬿ԷһЩȥⲢʲô
·ϣмǻΪһ򣬻ΪĳΪܣʶڻὥһЩرĶ׵磬棬ǳ󣬳֮Ϊʶ󡣡
˵꣬Ͼƹץ«˿ھơ
΢㶣ʶ󣿡
ϾƹͷʶܹԳƵһһܹƿʶսȻһЩΪǿʶʹߴﵽԽ˸Сսĳ̶ȡ
Խ˸Сս̫˰ɣ
һΪʵף񣬳ŵҲֻܿԽСսϾƹȴܹʶԽ˸Сսֱֻˣѹǲܵ¡
ϾƹۣУޡ
˵˻
첻á
Ͼƹ
֮Ǵ˵Ҳȷ˶٣Ͼƹʵ˵СӣʶеЩʲôЧ
ͷЧ˵¡
Ͼƹ룬ʣȷȷʵʵʶЧ벻Ӧֻǹʶô򵥣˵Ҳ²⣬궼ܹЩʽŵĶֱǿǡ
ʽʲô
΢ɡ
飬紿ʶ塣
Ͼƹ
飿죺ȶĴڣ
ڴʶ壬첢ȣΪڷǵʱѾǸʱϾһʶڣǻû˴ʶ塣νЩ֣òֻ䴫˵ѡ
ǿܻΪˣȶȻҲڣʲôôСֵġϾƹаʱȿӣĴŶӽҲνڡ


261 ʽ
΢ɣȣ
߸֣΢Щ졣
ϾƹȴϾƹŴ⣬ƺʲô
ϼһ
е
Ͼƹɿŵ˵ȣλһ룬ݴϹʱڵһƬսҲһƬءȻϹʱڵսַȻĻƵر鵤ҩǿУǹϵ似ЩڶѰ
ÿ춼ñˣ
һ
Ͼƹžĸһƣ㲻Ϊʦ˵ղҲ˵ȻаҲŻῪҲ˵ƽռ䣬ǹرŵġ˶٣ϾƹҲ˵ǹرŵģֻǺѽȥ
üʲô˼
Ͼƹ˵걻ƣȻվǿҲƿЩ߽ȥֻеȵÿضһʱΣܵĻŻɢ漴һͨȵȱڣȱڻά¡
ͷԭ
أ
ʵ
ϾƹÿῪ£ڼ䣬ĴŻøµӽĥ£ԼνȻȿҲֻĴŵĵӽУƬ磬һЩʿҲڣǿʦһĳЩᾫӢһЩǿɢޡ
һƾâô˵ÿӦû˰ɡ
ǱȻ¡ϾƹһЦһƬͱַϣǺ£ȴ̸ȱҲ˵һƬڰ֮أضǿײеޣһעͻΪ޵Ŀ
£Ͼƹŵң֮ǰҲ˵ˣһƬսַǲ٣ĺܡͬʱҲУȶСҲԿվǿߣһֶκѶԸ
üͷ΢ô˵һƬ׵ء
ʲôϾƹֹĲӣ㲻ǰΪʦҸҿ϶Ҫͨ㱣ǰ壬ʶڵЩԻĿǣǣݺŰ
ȷ
Щɡ
ɣʦĻܺ㲻ɡϾƹۣȿŻа£úʶеЩٺ٣ΪʦȷһΣһǽӮң
Щֻаʱ䣬ʶڵİôСϾƹ˰ɣʶڵİʱѾϤһЩֻаʱ䣬ʱҴ䣬ս
䣬ԭҲ֮ǰľΪ׽Ѿ㲻̫ǿˣϾŵǿӶվ似Ȳ׽ǿǱû似ҲˣȻУȻһ¡
䣬᣿
ϾƹԲ졣
ᣬĹʯϵõʶڵİҲǸʱ۶
˵
ԣϾƹǴЦ⻭棬ƣϾƹĵӡЦ˻ϾƹͣȻǿ󣬵վʺŮҽһվ
ƫͷϾƹ
Ͼƹ˿ھƣڻʳǵʱһ𾧣Ԫھ߱׻֮ǳʺϷڵķʽ˵ţϾƹվЦŵ߰Сӣȿʮ죬ΪʦԴ
ģ
һ
ϾƹʵǿĺܣһǿԴһڴ£һԴҵ￴ͿҲԴҵֻնѣҵʵһء
ϾƹۣϿߡ
˵ţϾƹԹԵ߳ţֱӸȥŷϿȥ
ǰǸ죡
һֱû뵽ԭ쾹Ȼǰĵӣ
԰ֲôǿ
ϿϣϾƹһڵһڵӽĿ¶ɫ
Ѿϰ˱ۣϾƹȻϰߣԾ·ϿúϿһǧڵһƬľСطԵø΢ǻ谵иżΪȵ˾Щѹ֡
ɨܣָ޷ǳ࣬ĶЩ߼ޣڣ˼ͷż޵Ӱ඼ɵý¡żޣҲǿʶǿߵĴڣڵϾż޿ǻΣա
ӦѹֵķΧкô
Ͼƹ˵
ͷǶĿϾƹ֪ˣʼɡ
Ͼƹӵϼһ֦ڻʳʱҷзǳǿĻ幦ĴŵκιǿԹҾͲˣֻվķʽ˵ţϾƹ֦ƽն£һնԪֱۣ͸۳ߣԪۺϳɷУͬʱҲ֮
Ͼƹһնһһ߽ԪתҪķǳϸ
һϾƹ˵ĽҪ壬һϾƹĶ˫ʱʱһâܾԼһ˲˵һһиʦ̵Ȼһʽ似ȷʵԼöࡣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ľڣһ𣬿Ǳ
ԭޣǴ˿̣ȽЩ޶ǱŵĲᡣǣգۼѣľܵ˸⣬еʱࡣ
Ͼƹŵֻһ֦ͨһȴ·һµϾƹĶ֦򣬿Ϊ֮֮Ͼƹӵڶһ·նƬռ¶ȶɵࡣ
߽Ԩ
ڰ˽ѿա
ھŽ
Ͼƹһʩչһ콲⣬ʽȫնʩչн̣Ͼƹһķʱʱ䣬Ϊķǳϸ
˸ʱѣǽʽҪȫҴ˿̣һԼѾ׽ܾõӡԴˣȻϾƹĹͣϾƹһһ߽⣬ô̵ʱﵽһ
ʽʩչ׽ȣ󼸽ʱնĽâǻȵĻ棬ǷǳǿᣬĴŵ似УҲͱȰطһЩϾƹһö𾧣׽ӦûǵӦ֣Ҳͨǿࡣ
˶٣Ͼƹ죺ˣҵоΣ
ҪѾģУڰʱƿصʽ

Ͼƹžĸһƣվ似ʶΪƿص׽ʽѾˡ˵ţϾƹһȡĽԷʽңһὫʵѹһ̶ȡ
üҵ
սõϾƹסɱҵ
룬ǵͷʯȡ齣
ϼһˣ
һΣӰɱϡ
齣Ľ˶˲һҵĻ档
һն
һȻýȼ棿Ͼƹ΢漴ǴЦǷ𾧵Чίʵ


262 ʮ׺
ʩչʽһƵĻ棬ϾƹЩ죬ͬʱô̵ʱնһϾƹҲԳԾԴ̣ٶҲʵЩˡ

ϾƹЦ
һЦ齣ȼյĸӳңһնʱ䵴潣
һʱ䣬ƬľУĽϴ

ʱ

һŭ쳹İһڵӵսľ
˴ӷڻصȴ̫ϳ⣬˽Ƕһۣеŭͺ֪ʱһ˾һΨ֮ǰڰһŰˣǾɫ
ɫأǸ
磡
ҧɱ⡣
һɫ࣬вѪ˿һǰҪˣȴϾƹͻȻ֣º꣬˸ÿ˱նһֱۣЩռıﵤҩҲȫûˡ
ʱһùİ㡣
̫ϳϺҲ磬а¾ȿӣһĵӽƴȫĵӵսڣһҪ֮׽ֻҪõİطҰʵɰǧʱն磡
ҧоɭ⡣
һߣ󡭡
˱ɱˣɫʲôʱȥˣ磬Ǹ˾Ȼصˣ
£ô
˳
Ȱ²Ȼپô

Աߣһ˵а¾ȿʱ䡣
֪ЩӺ׼Ǽĵӡ
棬ɫѿǿô˵Ҳŵ֧ȴôһĴЩ޴󣬵ǣȴʱʲôΪڷڣϾƹСΪϾƹͬһʱˣϾƹжô£ңܹĵ£ǲռ򣬷ڲ˼ɵɱˡ
²㣡
˾䣬һ䳯ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ĹȵõϢh˷ڡ
˫ҡͷɫĮh˫Ȼ˽⣬hŰһȥڣҲµЩʲôǸϾƹʵĴѾûܹסˣȻǺǰһǿ
ǰĵӣѡЩȥ
һ
˽ҲĹȵһϡ
ȻأΣҲܶࡣ˫߽ǾͰЩֻﵽʶĵӽУԼ
˵Ҳ룬ϾЩ޻ᣬɲܹ㡣
˵
Ǳ鷳ﳤˡ
˫˵
ﳤЦŰڰ֣漴˳ȥ

ڣϿ
ﬣ
Х̶潣âϯأһЩľˡ
ľУӰսһһ˳ųȫ渲ǣһӰǳһͨĸ֦ԭ֦ϻ棬ܿͻᱻȼմŶԣ֦潣ײȴһҲûС



֦潣ײһ𣬷ײĴ
Ľ
һ
ʱľڿʮ֣
ǿ
һЦ

ͻȻܼİ漴Ѹ۳һ󽣣תڹԡ
սŵӰȻϾƹϾƹϿһѾʮչȥʮϾƹڽϰʽͬʱҲĥʶİ԰ƿظӵӦ֡
ʱķʶһУֱĳϾƹ
ǡ
ϾƹһЦ֦ƽ¡
͵һлȫɢͬһʱ䣬裬˿ȥ
彣ף
ȵ
һ齣ڣ춼ǻ档
ʩչʽʱԪڵ׻֮׵ǰ׻Ԫڲ׽в֪ǿʢ˶٣ȫʵĲҲϾƹǾ仰𾧵ȷʵʺʽ
á
Ͼƹһ䡣
ӰڹľвϽսֱֹȥһʱͣ
һߣڵĴŴ
ʮϾƹһֱѹʵϾƹսǷǳĳоŬ㡣ʮƣȴܹԲԼʵһ޴
ʮʱ䣬ʽ˵ʽʶҲƿصĸӴ죬Ƿǳˣʮǰ㣬սһࡣ˶٣ϾƹЦھŽʱڲѧᣬҲͲϰˣҽʮҪ崫㣬ļǺá
ţһ㶣ʮ
ǼǵãʽֻܹоŽѣĵʮ
ϾƹһЦʽȷʵֻоŽʦеû£ǰŵʽںһ£Ȼ˵ʮ
㡭
ۣԴ˷ʮ
īˣֻڽʩչ㿴
Ͼƹ˵ţ˵ƶʱһ䣬ֻϾƹƺǴӷʽһһ·ʩչھŽŵʽϾƹѭ򣬵ȥʮϾƹһն
䣡
̼䣬ϿƺһƬ𺣡
ĶգֻƬޱȵĴĿһƻ·ȫɾɱĽ۶ɣһâ¶ɱƬ֮У·ҪƲ㣬ոᴩ
һ𺳵ˣ⡭ռֶΣ
ɿˣ
Ͼƹʵ
ջһŵ˵ͷϾƹ֮ԺķʮնһΪϾƹΪʮΣ죬һնʮΣȻǼǵú
ʮΪȡ׺Ҳ͸ֶѣνϾƹ죬ۣһȷʵСӣѧһУҲһüסûվΪǧҪóȻʹãԪϡ
΢ô󣿡
Ͼƹһƣʽվ似νվ似ԭǸǿõģʮǳǰŵʽҪȻܴΪãҪʿʩչɱʶʿˡ
һ㶣һ룬Ͼƹ˵ȷʵе
˶٣ϾƹͻȻüͷϼһ֮ǰҾˣҼǵڻʳǵʱ㶯ʱһܸоԪô֮ǰºʱʲôҲоʮҲǣ˸ͨƵġ


263 ʼ
ȷʵЩȣ˵ϾƹȰ̫ϳǿҲоһԪŶԣ٣սʱôҲһЩϢй¶ЩȴȫоϾƹϢ
ΪϾƹۣЦ̫ˡ
ϵðߣ
ϼһ
ˣһ£һ¡Ͼƹ죬һͨڶʱŻҲڡ
ʲô
һ
һֱ֪ͨڶʱŻ벻ڡ
ʱŻλڵΪҪ￿Σա
Ͼƹ
˸âͨڶʱŻڣܹĹȥ
ı飬ϾƹֱһƣСӣ˵ˣҪ
죺Լбֵô
˵˵ŻǰʶΪͨɣ
ʵ
ǰϾƹбһۣ֮ȥҸ˾ã㻹ʵʵʵǿЩȥڶ죬ȥҲǰ۸ϣĻûеһá
֪ڶǸʲôƲ죺˵ĺȥһ
Сӣôװʦ˵أԽԽɰˡϾƹйƣŵо仰ô˵ţˣûԹ⣬ûʦ䣬ǧŵ䣬֪¶ء
죺
ˣңȾͻῪӦûǰһ⡣Ͼƹ˵ԣ⼸ʱ䣬ͲҪˣúõʵЩϢͷɣжҲǷǳҪ¡
һϢ죬̫˰ɣпɲ̫и

סһＫطϾƹʵ˵ʱΪЩ̫ˡʱҪȥ⼸úϢ¡
ȷʵΪЩ졣
ˣȥɡ
Ͼƹ
΢㶣أ
ϾƹЦڿնݵһǳԶȥֻһЦ߻صΪʦҼ쳾ȥˣˣҽʮתš
ڶƣϾƹӰѾǳʧˡ
һϼһڡ
ҡҡͷȡ齣ʩչܿ뿪˷ϿصźһʱһִѰ漴ϾƹԴķʮʽд޷ʮ
ͼϼѣӲûɳ
ʮʮ
Ϳòϴ֡
䱦㽫ӷȡȥΧһжʮѣվǿԵøӼɵֱ¡
ʮǲİطˣ
Ҫǿ֣
޵
ǰ޴һ׿ʦѾɽ޺á
ʱϿνǼ˼㡣
ˣʦأ
ʵ
캹գ쳾ȥˡ
ˣ
ˣǸһǻһΣ⿪̫ϳϵĽᣬҲʮʱͲˡͿһ֣ЩϾƹеΡ
ԣҲЦЦ
죬ɫ죬Ⱥ֪ɣ
֪ʦѾˡ
˵
ҲǣʦӦû¡ͷֵŻһЩĵӳǰȣһͿóϴӣӦûȥȵİɣ
ͷȣôһƬĵطȻȥ
ʱ䣬һ׼Ц漴һΣȡһöСʯ䣬ʮıƿưط似ӦûȽҪʮıӦûá
һ⣬̫
ʮıһ£Ҳǵǧҡ
ҡͷЩǰЩڷϵĶʦɨ䣬ҲǺ£㲻ʲô
£ջ
úüرȷʵҪһ
֮ˣܿصסصס콫ʯԪƿеʮıȡʱһЩɭɭȻƷ
ɲֹǧңٵˡ
찵
ЩȲľر˶٣վǴͷϾϾƹ뿪ǰúϢȻһ⡣
ǣֽЩ
ϢϢ
ֹ˾䣬ȥϴһֱӵ˴ϡ
ɵϳ׷ɺǸоһϮҲʱ֪ԭһֱԼǱʶĿܾ⣬ƣǿѹȥ񳹵׷һֱۻƣǷӵ·Ҫɡ
ѹǸϼһﶣúϢԭͿһ㡣
찵ľ
ţսʱۻľͻȻǺǲ󣬱Ͼսʱһϸ΢ı仯ҲĪ󱯾硣
ԺעЩˣϾڵΪ̫ǿ
찵
ţܿ죬˯˹ȥ
գ̫ʱ췽
ϴ˷߳ӣͬǸ˰㣬ŷɢ
ֺˣ
ףôûȥȻɢˣ
Ź֡
ڵӵۣЩӼʱ϶ܣȥϿȻŷɢiʵò˲첻⡣
ܹЩ˵ȴҲ⣬ԹԵڷⲽ
һ룬Ǻܾûôˡ
վڷϣɽȥֻɽµһľԵ÷ǳСͬһ㡣ú߽ϵһƬСӣԵøǣʹ˶Եÿࡣ
ܿ죬һȥˡ
ʱ֣صסҲûʲôϴֱϢ
죬ŷ߶ҲһۿڣΪڼ£ȥĵطҲôҲʱ˷ڵĵӣԼǶʮңΪԴʶ죬һҪﵽʶˣɢϢǳǿ
ҵԭĸĵˡ
ҡͷһЦ
һ룬ǿĺĵӦҲŴԼʶΪɣϾͬΪĴţǿĺĵӦòȷڵĲ̫࣬ǰŵǿĵӾԴﵽʶˡ
ʱصסʯ׼һЩʽƾᣬϾȥһطϾƹĻ˵Ȼܶ࣬ΣȴԱȻ࣬ȥǰһЩ׼ǺбҪġ
ܿ죬ڰɢǳ׹ȥ
ˣ
쳿ʱһԷٻڵǵǰϡһգڵﵽϵĵӣͿõĴ£һڣÿһȵ


264 
ȣһһƬϹżΪһƬ޴Ļսÿ궼ǿǰҪǣƬϹż޾ر˵ڣʱˤһӶѰһڱ
ܹˣ
ʲô׼Σյĺܣ
Ȼˣ
кһжɣѰĶƽ֡
У
ʱֵĩͿõĴ£ԼٳȶȥŴԼˣһΣܹڵҲһˣϾڲеŵӶȥȣôһֱӾͱˡ
ʱʱһĨâţڵǸʲôĻ档
Сӣڴ
ͿŲ˹
ҲΣȷʵͦڴϾһƬڡڵЩرЩ⣬ȴǴǵʱŻͨǵʱŻǿԴӵһﵽڶ
Ҫǿͱڶ
ȡòƵջ񡣡
Ϳõ
죬ڼͷǷǳãΪϾƹĵӣΪ챾ֳʣԿ
賤㼪ˡ

ͿôЦƨĽҼԣСӿ顣
˵ٶȺܿ죬һۣȥһ˽һƬ֣ǰʵְɫԽǳǰɫԵԽŨֻܿǰڵĶ
ͣ
Ϳúȵ
ͣ½ŲǰȥԶѾվӰһƬ
Щ඼ЩɢޡͿöһЩͨɢ޲ʲôЩУЩʦǧע⣬ƿŹֵֶΡ
죺
ЩգȻ֪ΪԼǸĽ׿ʦ
ʱǰһƬӰȻ˵ȫĿߡ
ǣ
Ƿڵˣ
һٶˣиǿߣȻžǲһ
ҪҲܽУǾͺˣ
ˡ
ôѰһЩʵ;ڿɲý
˵Ҳǡ
ɢ۵
쳯Ÿǰȥֻ˶ڿȴǻԿüüĴâǿʶ̼ɢǰĻӿȥҪ̽һ̽еʵʶɫܿǰУһ̣һ̽һʶڽǻк󣬾ȻһεϢˡ
СӣųʶˣͿע⵽ķӦǲµʲô˵ЩĺܣɰʶԪڵһ
ͷȴίʵЩ֣⵽ʲô
֪һֱʹڣȥˣٹͻɢȱڡ
Ϳõ
ͷվԭء
ʱ򣬲Զһ˸ϵΪ׵һȻҲվǿߣΪһϡվǿվĸ꣬һ۱пһˣ˵ĵӣĺ硣
ɨһ۵ĺ磬쵭ĮһЦ

ƬУһķ紵һƬƬݻƵҶΪĹԭһƬ֣ľ඼ǹͺͺģҶӣҲǿݻһƬѿмƬҶ
ú󣬰һ˸ϵԼˡ
쳯ǱȥֻΪ׵һһİףΪվˣ̲סЦǰ̫ϳϺͰǰڣº걻ɱϽԱϾƹնһֱۣǼ˶û̫ϳϲԴӣôӦþ֮ǰڰڵǸˡ
ǰǸųǿţ
⡭˺öˣңȥЩǿߣ
ϻˣмǿ󡣡
ǰǸ꣬Ϊ˵ʮȴѾﵽʶ죬ܿͬʱƿضʮһпһΰ
ļٵģʮܴﵽʶ죿
Ȼ棡
ۡ
쿴ȥȷʵһ꣬ˣüͷ΢ԷϵϢǳǿԼãԷƺֻʶΪ
ͻȻƮһ㡣
ƫͷȥһСϣһŮ˹ЩŮӽŰɫȹŲ׵ʣһţܿ˽ǰ
Ĺȣ
˽е
ȷڣĹֻʮˣݲǿ󣬲ˣһ̣Ĺȵĵȴô󲿷˶˹ȥû취ĹȵĵӾɫǷŮӣȻǳ
ѭǱȥһ۱ǿȺǰļꡣ
ǱߣȻҲע⵽죬˻֡
ߣ
һ𣬴˿˿
ĹһڵУյɫǳÿɨͼꡣ
ɢˣ
ͻȻһ̾ըѡ
쳯ǰȥȻЩʼһ㡣ܿ죬ǰһ΢СĿնһɼΪͲɣϢɢɵøоһ⡣
򡭡գڴˣ
˼
ǰȳֵ΢Сն󣬲úһֱԼͨѭſնȥʱͫ΢ֻǿնһƬ谵ʪأ֪ΪʲôԶԶĿȥƬռԵЩ졣
ָоͷ·ǱѪȾİ㡣
ָоǲ¡
а
ֹ
ߣ
˽еʱ䣬ǰȺһѷĳǿĶѨ壬ֻһ۶ԣǸĶѨǱȺˣƴȫ漷
ǰˣһЩڸʲô
ģϵģǰˣڿ羰
ȥ·
˴
ЩԣĬĬĿЩطڣĹȵһҲǾվԭأֱЩɢȫУŵ˲Ƕɵĳȥ
һСġ
Ϳö˵
֪
ͷ
ڷ쳯ȥiԶȴͣתŲԶȥǸطĳЦͻȻɫҲ΢΢ݣû뵽ǿ
Ц˵ʲôתȥ
ɫʱһ˫кâֱſ񣡡
ܿ죬ڳֵĿȱѨ뵽ڡȥӳҰһƬޱĴأƶɽķϵ֣һƬƬݵĹȵأڣˮԶ
ϹʱĻսֱһƬС硣
ľ


265 νʵ
ȵľ޴ʹЩȣȡʵЩʣΪƬռ̫ˣңһҲɽȻϿȡ
ҡҡͷѭһǰȥ

ڣķ紵Եú䡣
ڳʪϣͷȥʱһ㣬ְɫԵЩˡ̧ͷգ˻谵ŨƲ⣬ʲôҲ
ܵ˵Ƭռ䣬ǳѹ֡
Լȥһӣ߳˺ԶԶһ޵
Ҳʱͣ½Ųת
һȺӰڿٿ
תۼ䣬ܹͣʮˣš꣬һϵãºĵӰƷɣһŻ£ϢȰƷɻҪǿһЩȻǰһĵӡ
еվǰƷɶʱɫһǣ
˵ء
쵭
ϾƹΪʮĥΪȻûнʶսȴһʵʼһȵʱ򣬾͸оʮϢԼ󡣻ŽʱİϵЦȻ֪ô¡
Ʒɫſ죬ƷɵɭȻΪڲǰǰҪˣȴǲҰУ֮󲻾ãʦº꣬ʦϣɱǿľˡ
ܺҡ
쵭Ц
Ʒŭܣʦʦնɱܲޣ
ԱߣҡͷЦĵƷɰƷɣʵ̫סˡ
ԬˣʦȻûҲǱʦնһֱۣ
Ʒɵ
Ԭɫʱ˼ָֻ֣ܿ˹ܱȱɱöˡ
㣡
Ʒɫŭɫ
쵭ĿһĻɵҡͷƽϵá
ˣҪܣǵȻȥ泳˷ʱ䡣
˵ţӣһ˿˹ȥ
ԬۣƷɣо仰˵ĲȷʵǸſĶ
ѹ
Ʒɺ
ʱ䣬ȴԬ⣬еʮ˳ȥ԰γе
ʮˣд봦ʶһʱ䣬صɱϢֱ
ƽ߽ܿȺСʮˣԵúƽһּķһˣ˺ɣǽһȺҵ
̧һţһֱɨɡ
һᣬ뿪Ҳɱǣٶ֣顣
Į
ɱ
һʮɱûһֹ
Щ˿ɶߣôֱӱս
ҡͷϧˡ
ﬣ
һ𣬶ʱ䣬ٽ
֮
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һѪһӰ¡
ֻ֮弶似еһУ̫ǿȴҲÿʲôʩչʶΪȽȻǳ¡
һնʮˣ
⡭
˲ѣΧɱϵ˶סˡ
ܱɱʮ˶ֻΪһˣҲɺֲܿ
ʲôҪǳϵץ
Ʒ
ƷǰĵӣݵλܸߣŰƷɵĻʣµĶʮ˶ʱٴζһչǿ似Ԫʱӿ
̧г˸һɨ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǰˣһ⣬ȫն
һ˲ѣɱϵʮʿֻʣʮһˡ
һ̣ʮһǾ֣ǿһ㿴죬ֻѣɱǴˣǺεȿֲսûа취ֵ
죬ʮһ˲ĺˡ
סˡ
ˣʲô
Ʒɺȵ
ǣʦ֣
˶¡
λӽ׻Щ˵ս⡣
ʮһ˲ս
ʱٴгҸǻᡣ
Եˣ飬ܣԷѾûս⡣
ﬣ
֮˸ʮһâֱĳûʮһ˺
תۼ䣬ȴƷɺԬ⣬ʮˣȫնɱ
Һܺ档ƷɺԬǰҪԸңӦһЩǿ𣬱ǰĹһЩʵõѲɣǰĳ϶Щİ׳գʱԶԶĿˣһУǸȷʵǿܹѹ
⻰ƷɺԬǳ
ã˵ʵҲǲã
Ԭ
ƷĶ죬дɭɭ⡣
ǸȷʵôȸղŵЩǿôһѡ

⻰һƷɺԬɫø䡣
ССͱſǷ̡ܽԬǰһϢһ䣬ʶ۷Ϊ˲չ¶ţ㿴һҵʵΡ
ƷɳԬСһЩȻţʵҲȷܿ£ΪҪǣ͵ѧҰİطͬʱƿʮ
Σվֻ͵ѧѣЩƤëˡƷɣǰܸһΣӰ˰ɡԬϵϢøǿǿٴγһĵֻʶΪЩʲô
쵭ԬвɵЦ
΢ŲһΣ˲ԬǰԬʱɫһ䡣
㡭
ž
һĶ⣬Ԭֱӵ˳ȥ
ֱӳ㡣վԭأƽɳȥԬȻνʵʲô˵ţӰһһΣ˲ԬǰһԬνʵԽսѹ֡
һԬٴκ˳ȥ
ﬣ
һ𣬰Ʒɳֽն˹
ͷҲأΨһƬƮ˲ƮûƷɵͷ­ڡ

Ʒɵҽгֱ˵ϣ岻ͣĳ鴤
ԬؿվŵĿһĻ㡭ղʲôţûп԰Ʒɶ֣ǰƷȴͻأҽʵ̫ˣɵһɺ
һ㣿

˵ţһնâֱԬȥ
ԬɫʱһŭƶӰٱܿ
ն֫ȥϣ
Ԭ
䣬֮ڶʱ䣬ʮԻͬһʱ䣬󣬰Ʒɻ˹һ˫۾ѪһƬҲֱӼطͬʮ˸űɱ⡣
ﬣ
ﬣ
ͬʱ֣һһҼл졣
ʮͬʱ𶯣ʮռ䣬ǷίʵЩˡ
һ齣һһתն

Į۴ʱ䣬ΪģʮŻĿ縡ֶĿ͵һ˲佫ʮ뵴
ҲʱӰʧԭأֱ̳гԬࣺˣʵ


266 ϮΣ
Ѫˮ˳ؿ£ԬǸо׶ĵʹŵ졣
㡭
붢죬ԬӿѪеɿٰ
鵭ĮԬһ߿
Ԭܿû˶
౻ᴩȻվǿҲΨһָοʶʿ
ƫͷƷɡ
Ʒɫ԰ףɵõŵŵŵĺ˼i㣬㡭ֻ˲ѣʶ۷Ԭͱնɱڽ£־岻ѡ
Ųӣһȥ
Ʒæʩչطʮɱȥ񣬰ƷҲǴﵽʶ죬ط˽ͬʱƿʮڱ
ͲҵĶ֣ڣӲܻǡ
쵭
һΣĽٴնƷɵбȫɨ
һƷɽǰһŽƷ߷ɳȥ
ƷɿѪɫѿ㡣
Ӱһɱ
Ʒɴ𣬶ʱ䣬ߵӰȫ
ɨܣݣԶȥǸطһӰԼٶȳԶȥǰƷɱˡȻһЦǚiһչ˲׷ϰƷɣбնǰɱңڣܣȤ𡣡
ƷǱһɫʱЩӲԭǺԬһѹ죬ȴû뵽Ѿ£ȻһնԬԬұҪǿ֣ԬɱˣֻһʩչӰһɱ󣬱ֱӶߣֻǲ뵽˲佫

죬ƷɵɫԵЩ԰ס
⻹Ǹ˼Ļ⣬Ըңȴôƽٴζ֣һѹڰƷɵϣһƷɰڵϣĵر˼ϸ΢Ѻۡ
ͷѵ𣬰ƷɵһѪˮ
ջֱָ֣ŰƷɣʱİƷһҲҶ
˵ɣǰôԸҡ˵ĽڰƷɵؿڣҽ㣬òҪҵȴ̫ãҪڣ򣬺һЩ̵ֶΣһǱȽóġ
ƷһؿڵĽ⣬ʱ¶־֮ɫ
˵
΢΢һƷɵؿڶʱһѪ
ƷеĿ־ʱŨæȿǰŴǼĵӲٱǵΪ˼ڽȺץΪһĿ꣬ϧһдҲýץ
ۣһ㣿
ͣһ㡣
ǸʲôΪĺĵӣΪûиһ
ʦǿˣѾѾﵽʶ죬һʶ졣Ʒһʦ;ʱƺʲôԼѭһ˹ȥΪǼ˺ץס㡣
һء
Ʒɫ΢ԵЩɣһˡ
һƷؿڵѪʱŨŵİƷ͵һ
һ˴ĵĺ֪Ĺиϲˣ񣬺ǽм꣬Ϊ̫ǿԡĹȵǸв㣬˵ֱѹ̫ģץв㡭Ȥܶࡣ
Ʒɿ˵
ʱɫһȤܶࣿ
ʦʦʯô˵ģ
ۣ
͵һ齣ʱƷؿڣ˰Ʒɵࡣ
㡭
飡
һŲڰƷϣʱƷɵʧȥ
ջزڰƷϵĽţ齣쳯ܿȥΪȷʵ̫ǿʶʿӦòǶ֣֮ǰȻĹһпһʶǿߣĹһӦòͳһжңһжʱҲɷĲ¡
ϾǶΪҪļ֮һ
ڣ
ȡԬͰƷɵʯ䣬ϵĶʮѭһ򣬿˹ȥƬЩˣǲ֪ʲôطˣǵȥѰңԼġ
ȵĿԵúܻ谵ܳʪٴƬռʱʱһ޵ĺХ
𣡡
һͷʯ׵޴ӵص׳ѪһƬ
üͷһ壬Ƭͼ¼һϵãͷȴǽв֣ͼ¼ﲢܿ죬оͷ޵ǿԱȵһʶǿߣɢϢǿᡣ
ͷȻǽ쵱һצץ˹ȥ

ڵɲãһ̧նһ潣ֱӽƷڵء
ûͣһֱԶȥ
ٶȺܿ죬úƹ˴Ƭ
ʱǰһȺӰΪ׵һ˺Ȼǵĺ硣
ʱ䣬һ䣬ֱ˹ȥ
ŵĺȻӣԼŶʮˡʮˣоһͬĺȥĹȣϳ죬ɫһ䡣
ʱ򣬵ĺȻҲ졣
죬㡭
飡
ٶȺܿ죬һĺǰһȭĺӵڳ
ʦ֣
ʲôˣ
͵Ϯ
һЩʶӴŭʱһѷϡ
ҹ
캮齣Уʱһɽ硣
飡

飡
ǰʮ뵹ɣɫ䡣
ĺ絹ڵϣɫޱȣ֧ŵվ죬ӡ
ɫɭֱһţݺڵĺϡ
һĺɶԶݻѪˮƮڿС
һĻܣ˶ɫ
ʦ֣ôᱻ
Ĳ
ĺǿӹɣΪһĵӣһЩӼǰһĻǿĵĺȻαɨɣƺ޻ֵ
ԶĺԼɫҲˣоʵĹʱ˾޴ʮ䣬Ǳһȭҵڵأһ߷ɣٶȻ˿̶һľĸо
죬ʲô
ĺ
ɫ䣬һһĺǰٶ֮ĵĺɫмܡֻһһֱڵĺؿڡ
һ߹Ƕѵֱ
еĽֱڵĺ粱ϣ˳ʲôطȥˣ
ĺһ㡭˵ǡ
ۣ
һֱӽĺһ첲ն¡

ĺҽУӶʱŤһš
ԶһӿһĻʱһ¶־֮ɫ
ңʦֵ֡
˺Ȼ
ŵĺĲҽУиЩͣٴκݺһ̤ڵĺؿڣǲȶ˵ĺļ߹ǣҪװɵ⽫͸¶Ǹˣ޷뱨ң˵Ǹ˳ȥˣŵĺ磬ǳ䣬ᱻ۸ޱ˺вҪˡ
ֱ۱жһĺо˺ĵʹʱӭɱǾ궼ͻȻЩڲ¡촽£𣬰Ǹˣȥˡң˵Ĺȵһ𣬺񣬺ȥˡ
ĺ˵Ǹޱȱ䣬һɺɢ
ɱϢĺеĿ־ԽԽŨѾ֪ȫˣ㣬Ź
ۣ
ĺͷ­бɳȥչǚiͷҲصĳŶ߶ȥ


267 ѡɱ
նɱ˵ĺ첻κֱͣǚiٳȶ߷ȥֻһֵվԭأŵĺĲʬ
ʦʦֱ
ôᡭʦֿʶ죬ǿĸ֮һ
ǸˣǸ˵ǡ
ļ£ŵĺĵӣʶ죬ȴȻô򵥾ͱնˡЩУԭͼʶ˸ľ岻סķ
һ˲䣬ط˶Ĳ
Ѿ뿪Զٶȿ켫Եú䣺𡣡
ವһٶȸЩ

ȣһƬǰŮվһĹȵĵӣֱ漣࣬ڲǰͻƵʶҲǸһˡʱ漺üͷǰһˡ
һӣŰгűȣզһȥ·Ǹ
ʲô
漵
ජдżɵ֮ɫ
Сʵʦ㣬ǣ
ĺĵӣǳǿĴŵͬʿУŽǰ˲Ǹö˹ģʵǸ۲۵ޣǰŮӣΪʵǿû˸ҰôҲܡ
ԣʱüͷ
Ȼ¡ҡȣ˫ֱۣӽĿڼϣлһĨâȻĺ˵Ĺ˸ɫǳ˵ŮӣΪ꣬ؾ˰ɣ
ü£
ҡȣֱֱĶż꣬´סĵͷǸ۹⵱治˼˼͹ĳһˣô˵أʣв죬ȻץʦܺȥץˣҲ룬Ӧòô׳ɹôһɣвʱ̣һúȤ
ֱӵ⣬򶨶ݣ˶ٺЦŵ⣬͹ԷģϧȻ˵͹ϵܣȴǲ˺㣬ֻץʱӵȤζѣϾֱѹʵ̫ȻζҰѶԺҪ㵱ץУȻвһЩԸ£ʹӣҵָо㲻һˣһΪһǳȤ¡
˵ʲô
漺⣬ŭ
Цż꣬ˣϷŪ󣬱ն֫ʱ͹ɷһͬΣ˵ҹŮ͹òŮӣȴǵһμллĵĺ硣
ɫһ̧־һ
וּһâɨնȥ
ʵһЦ׵˹ȥٴζż꣬۾гһ죺͹µ鲻̫ͬأʵǺźôֻԼˣ͹ﲻҪĺá
˵ţżȥ
漺㲻Ҫǹ״ӣҪǸһŹ㣡ʵ漺ʶ죬һкųĴŵһ似İطȻҲǶ֣Ǳֻýݰڳϣܹ
Ųһ٣һüĹĵӣĺûһ㡣Ƭ̺üͷչ¸ֳЦ⣺ȻĹĵӣǾû취ˣֻɱˣץס١ǿϧ˰һɫˣЩ²ȥ֡
ԹԵҡͷȥ
漺ɫʱúѿ֪˺ܷܱ̬Ťȴû뵽ﵽȳ̶ȣᵽĹǼʦ˷ǵ֣Ҫȫɱڡ
漶ԼСʦߣҺ
ҲǵͷСʦãߣ
˵Ϊ꣬ʵҲ꣬ΪȼһЩĹȣǼʦ㣬Ȼʦ㣬ȻЩʦӡҪǣΪĹ״ӣƽǺܿأǶϲ꣬ң˵ž֮˿̱Ȼûżꡣ
С
ҡͷ϶뿪
žžž֣˸жͬ꣬λɲˣΪ˭Ҳ߲ˡŵЦһˡ
ɫߣâϯ
漺ңԳֽ
ﬣ
ʱһ̶ĽХԶһֱűߡ
ʮ⣬һӰ֣Ůǰ
ˣʱ¶ϲɫ죡
漺̧ͷǶݡ
죡
ʦ֣
漺ۼʶǿĹȵʱƾһ֮ͬʱѹʶĵĺգսνΪˡʱϵʵһ
ż漺ࣺû°ɣ
û¡
ҡͷ
ָŭʦ֣Ǹ̬ץСʦв㣡ʦ˵Сʦǹ˵ĵӺ̬ɱǺСʦڣ
ת
죿Ȼϣûץס㡣죬΢΢ζҡͷôǰɲãΪҵĽࡣڣ˵˵Ҹôһֱѹ㣬ϾѾǰڶкҴ߼꣬Ȼָʱüв㣬һֱȽϺãҪѡڶΣΪȤ
ɫ䣬ǰȥ֣Ҷѡ
Ŷۣҿû
ž
Ӱͻأʧһ̳ǰֱһƽɡ
ѪˮƮڿУһĿݡ
űߵĳʱȼҵĻ棺ѡɱ㡣
漺ʱɴ˫ۡ
ÿ죡
ǿ
Ů֪ǿ󣬵ȴû뵽ôǿǴʶ죬Ѿ˴ȥȻһƾͱ˳ȥһݣίʵŮͷһ
ˣǼҲһֱøǿˡ
䣡
Զһɿ񱩵ԪԵվ
ĨǣմȾŴĿѪ죬ıʱ˫з·ѪҵһݣһɱϢɢһּΪѹֵĸо
С꣬˺һЩ
гһȥһ𣬶ʱ䣬Ľصһ˲ѣҵԪӽɢ˶УĿԵЩŤ
¶ɫ漴ٺˡ
Ƿڵǿ似ʽǡǰɲܽʽʩչȳ̶ȣ⻹δնκνУȻѾԪ鲼ȫˣ⡭ļ£ǿĺĵʩչʽĳʱĳʹʱĳȣֱ֮


268 ս
ҵԪ滷⣬ǿϢһһɢȥŮһľίʵЩǿ
ǵѪüΪϵ㣬ֻһӣ
䣡
ǿʢԪڳĿ졣
ųŲһΣ˲˹ȥ
ﬣ
Žһ̼죬ֱʩչһ
һʱ䣬ʮ潣ϯ֮ƽΧС
һΣƬ⣬ʮ潣ȫ顣漴ֻ৵һٶͻȻһ۱ƵǰɭȻն֣
ÿ죡
Сģ
ŮӽǱɫʶ𣬹Ȼܿ¡
еȷһˣ˲նֱۣȻһ̣ݣ漵ҲɫΪֱӴֱд˹ȥ
ྪȣǡӰ
ﬣ
һ֣ƺնĲӡ
һƾɱһ˸ܲ
һͻأһལŵϡ

ײһ𣬷һ졣
Ľȴ˼i
㲻ն𡣡
˵
Ż䣬гƽĳȥ
ƺܵ⣬Ϊұ˼iܵ⣿
ʱø
ޱ飬ֱһն
ʲôҲҸе⣿
򵥵һȴǴȵĿŤƺˡ
ɫһͣϼྭ͹
죬һܾĥ֪һʲôµ³
ɭȻ
˵ţڳһϢʹ¶һ±ࡣ

Сģǰȴط⣬Ϊǿһ似
漺ѵ
ƶĿ漺ϣ¶âɭ⣺СˣѹСӣһúóһȻĥ
˵
̬
漺ɵŭ
Ǽ궼ü
ĿڼϣһЦ͹ﲻõģһŪ㣬ϾļˣƬ磬Ѱһˣ٣£ͻȻЦˣۿŪ㣬һȤ
˵ţЩĴЦ
ﬣ
˻Ƭռ䶼ƻơ
еĳһɿֲɱ⽻֯ʱ侪漺͵һ¡ŮǰͻȻһֿµĻþ߷·ֳܼʬǣǺ񿴵һѪܵ
һ̣ɫ΢䣺ɱ˲ٰ
৵һƿ֮Ӱǰгֱն¡
ۣ
ѪҺƮڿУؿڳһۣе߹Ƕɿ
㡭
飡
Ӱ˲һź˹ȥ߷ɶԶ
˻ڿУ۵ĿȳһھѪ
ʱ򣬸ӿֲĽƳ˱滷ƣͬһٳһһӰתۼٴαƵǰһȭӳ
飡
һȭֱϡ
ѪˮƮڿУżݣĿ
˿ûͣ٣һΣٴնɱ
켫ٴ𷢳һŭ𣬱Ϣڳһ˲ѣܼѪɫâߣɭˣವĳȥͬһʱ䣬סΣһΣնʮԲνС
ζгڶն£ֱӱС
гһȥ
ûʲôΨ̹ǣΨɱļ¡
棡㾹Ȼӣң

һΣննһƺռ䶼Ҫնѡ
ϴĺӣ
䡣
񱩵ķֱȥƺնҪյ
ɱ㣡ɱ㣡

佣âɢɫԵЩŤնĽȴǷǳ£һâǼ㺮ֱޱ߻档
䣬һȥĽԥʩչ
棡
𣬽âøҲ¡
ת֮䣬ײһ𣬻潣âײһһˡ



Ӱٶȶܿ죬һδײһ𣬽һǻǿײ˿µϢĵرѿ˲٣ٴʯ˵Ľֱӱ飬ɰңͬһʱ䣬ǿԪȥĸʿʧɫ볯˹
ǡ
ÿµϢս𣿾˭Ԫ⽣ƣ̫ǿˣ
ȥ
˶
ܿ죬սΧǰĻ棬ɫһ䡣
ǣ𣬰ڶǿߣ˵Ĵǰ
Ѿ˰˶֪𣬴ʱһսһȻȻǾȡΪ˿ǰȻ˲ˣѪؿڱȾ죬Ķȴһ˶ûС
ǣһ˭𣿣
񣬺Ƿڵһӣ֮ǰʱҿ
ڵĵӣڵĸĵУƺû˰
⣬ûˡ
ֻǷڵͨӣǣôôǿܺһս
Ĳ
ʱˣ඼һЩɢޣսľ

ŭеĽһδεޱ׿
䵭ʩչʽ档
ﬣ
һһâһĻ潣ն¡
ʶ죬ǳǿ󣬱С磬֮ǰͬϾƹʮգսٶȺͶԪƿأ涼˷ԾʽڣȻԸСĶ֣Ҳȫһս֮



뽣ײһδν棬ֲϢĲٹսĲ
ģԽԽоĴŵˡ
Ǹǣڵ죡
Ķ֣ǡҵ죬Ǹķӣ
ȵȣƺˣ
⣬Ǵʶ𣡶죬񣬺ʶضѰ
Сս
˵ۡ
Ĵŵ˵Ǻܿ£սǿ˼ά̬˶ηУоԼ߶סһ㡣ڣȴ˴ˣˣȻС磡
Ǹ죬ɣС磬Ȼ˵ز
ļ¡
ǰĶսޱȿ񱩣ֲϯʮ˵
սĿס˸
ǿȻȻôǿ
ľ
ĵ漰Щ˶ٻЩǣϾʶ죬С̨ףԶ֮ǰսܵպ͵ĺɱȡȻǼĽ棬һӵʱĽȴǿľˣǿĿ£ȻһδεĽնˣһδνˣ
սֱ죡
ʱһŭսУͻأֳһڱгкشʮ˼ʮڱ֣øӶɭɭĶ죺һ֫飡
ʮ˲ɢɭɭ⡣
仰ԭⲻĻ㡣
ĵ


269 ߽ն
ʮ˸ź⣬Ľܡ
һĻʱס˴󲿷Χߡ
⡭
ǣȻȻҲƿʮУ
Ҳаط
ôܣǰ˰
⵽ô£
ԭطʱж¶âϾܹǿʩչطսǺܲ׵¡ȻȴҲͬʱʮڱֱһĿɿڴ
죺Ȼ͵ѧҰİط
͵ѧ
䣬ʮתɱ⡣
һЦʶһʮʱɱ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ʮһƿյһɭɱһĲ
ֻʮڱѣ
Ц
һΣߵʮ˱Ҳ𶯣ӭıɱϡ
ԣʮʱײһ𣬲Ϸ죬ޱȴ̶
⣬ʲôս
ǰһĻΧ߽Ƕݣֹס˸
ʮڱҰжֳʵ̫ˣ
ʶʮԼ齣粽ϣǚiһ˲ǰֱһն¡
ﬣ
潣û£𸲸С
С
ȵ
וּһԶ󵶣Ļ潣âֱն졣
ʮ˼ʮ໥ײһʱɱ
վֻ͵ѧЩƤëҲͼͳ棿

µŤնһ⡣
޵ҲֻƿʮżѣһΪ˲ӡ
̡
ıʼպ䣬齣һչĽ
ȵĻ治ܣǸ齣ϣն顣
֮ŲһΣֱǰ
۹ⶾұ
ն㣡
ĵ
齣ΪԼ߳ɵսӲҲǳǿһıɱȣһŭ֮£նȻǷǳ򵥵¡񣬻ٵڱ粽ǰֱһȭ
ͬȭȭȭײͬʱˡ



ܣʮڱͣײ֯һ˵Ļ𻨣ʮڱĽ淶ΧڣҲǳ嵽һиԳһնԷʱ𶯳ԪѾﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ȭؿڣŵһһھѪʱӿϺͬһʱ䣬ޱնе齣ڼ䲻ݷֱһĽۣ㽫ֱ۶ն
棡
ױЩŤܵˣȻأ
ʶ죬Ҳ̶Ȱˣ

ǚiһչӰϣٴαƵǰ齣ն
ޱױøŤɱ㣡ɱ㣡ʶ죬ͬ˲֪˲ߵﶼ˾ηһʶˣһԭҪϷŪˣȴǷ
ʱ䣬һɼϢڳ¶ޱı飬һͷҰް㣬˫׹⣬Цĥ㣡
˱飬һУ˶Ǹоһɵô˸
ޱ飺֪ڱУô𣬺£־壿ЩУǣȴֻǶġ齣һȥڱУǿ󣬲ȴǸǿС󡣡
˵ʲô

ĵ߳ŭˣҲֻ˵˸ʵѣΪǸʲôֵ㽾ȻСӣȻһ˶ĵĶͲҪ±˽һǴķ
ŭĿԲţ
ţɱʱٻ仰ͻԼǸ۲۵ķһֻ˶֮µ档
˵
וּһе齣ȼһն
⣬Ǹ죬
Ǹ˰ȻǸǷ档
ҵ죡
ܣһΧ˫ֱɡǿӹɣʮͷܴﵽʶ죬Ǹţȴһһ͵һĲֵ裬ʵЩ˸оһĲ
Զ漺קȭͷоһ̹
Сʦãδпڲţ
ǣ
쳰Ůֻ֮ǰؿڵŭʱȫɢȥ
͵ЦǺ˽죬սǿԴǸǷǳϬڶԵʱֻͨսϻ֣ھҲɼĴ

ŭŤ¶ŭ֮ɫ

ٴƵǰһˣŤ̬ͬʱǳĽˣ͵ҪڶԷĽնһ˿ڣȻΣ
߶ޣ񱩵ĹĲ
ʱǿµģ·һͷޡ
ɱ
𣬿񱩵ĽĲϿѡ
וּһ콣ݺᣬɱͬһʱ䣬ܣ޵ʮ𶯵ĸһ·ʶ㣬Ҫ񷶼ն
һ˫ֳֽ׼һն£ף
ʽ彣
䣡
ĻĽ̼硣
ͬһʱ䣬üĹâʢĺȵ߽ն
ϣʮݺύ̷ΪУһֵơһ˲ѣʮĽƴĿĽâε۾
ն
ȡ
Ľ׿ʦбһЩ򵥵ĺϻ󷨣˵ȳԷˮҪһ̣ʮֱΪ򵥵ıͰ˷ħʮһ˲屶ֹ



ɲǼʮڱ̼䱻ն˸һɶ
һĻһΧ߼亹ֱ
նб
⡭͵ѧ˰ط͵ѧ֮˵İطܱͳطҪǿ󣿡

˶סˡ
ʱɫ䣬ıȻһ˲ȫٵˡ

ŭ
ʮڱĶƷһʾ޴ĲƸ
ޱ飬üĴâ˸ɥȮİˡ
ŭ˵
ﬣ
ʮ屦ݺύ԰߽֮ѹ𣬽Ħ졣
µߵĻʱ˻ȥʮѹֱ֮ɫ
ٺˣʩչ似ɱʮ
ʱӰͻأǰֵʮķƵĿ϶һն
㡭
ۣ
ѪҺ䣬һֱб˳ȥ
֣ˡ
ĵ


270 ָ
ѪҺڿУһֱ۸߸Ʈľ
𣬾Ȼնһֱۣ
𷢳ҽУŵŵŵĺԶ㾹ô죬ɭԹĸ
䵭ֱһն
וּһһǿĽɨ𵴷Զ
ֻ֪Ȯ͵ķ
Įĵ
ıʱøŤɱ㣡ֳɢ˸ǿԪ߶žɱ졣
վԭأֻĿڣն
ﬣ
ϣʮһն£𶯵졣
ʮɱͰ˷ħѹ£ޱȺˡ
һֱӱɣгɵ
Ҳʱϣһѹ
ۣ
ѪҺҽͬһʱ
µһֱ۸߸𣬱һն¡
⡭
˫۶նˣ
Ǹ죬ֱǹﰡ
һΧļ¡
ʱǴ󷽵ļҲɵöݣʵ̫ǿˡ
У쳯ȥʮߡ
һŤһţҿԼĶϱۣ¶˿־壬һźȥ
⡭
飡
̧һţֱӽ߷ɡ
˵һ֫飬Ҳ˵仰ԭⲻĻ㡣
˵
һͫ׽㡭
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ȱն£ֱӱĽС

𷢳˺ѷεĲҽУ˶ʱѪܡ
ԶһΧ߿һĻǲɵõʵںúݣȺն˫ۣǱȣֶίʵЩ̡
ޱץвҶ԰ɣ
ӭеĿ־ԽԽŨǡ
̧ȣݺһؿڣʱٴβҽ
һʼקĺ𣬲ǺԸô£Ϊʲôҽս־壿㵹վٰıҿһ

ӿѪ־ŭ־壬ɫ԰׶ࡣ

̧ȣٴκݺ¡
һ߹ֱӱȶӿѪҺ
ǿΪʿ׷ļΪĿ꣬׷ǿΪյ㣬·ϣᱻ۸ѹȣԼҪܵвǵ޵Ǵʱ𣬶ĵһŨŨŭ⣬ʱԼ뵽̵ֶȫڶԷϡ
ۣ
齣΢΢һһն顣

Ѫˮͬһ㡣
һĻŵԶһΧ߽һ˲両ֳһ亹
⣬ˡ
úݣ
촽ɵö
Զ漺ҲǶ£ȻҲǱ̬ŵˡ
Ŀǰ֪Ϊͬڻʳʱǰ㣬ԣ˿̵ֶκ̣ܲǶĿš
İصܣͷƤɵ÷飬˫۱ն˱ϣһֻ۾ҲٵʱסĲΨһо־塣
齣ٴն䡣
ﬣ
ʱԶһǿĽ
ǚiһչƳȥԶܿϮĽâ
Զһ֣һɫĮĶ졣

˾
һţͬ޿ĵһˣ
Χ߽ͷһ
ԶҲɫ΢䡣
ˣɲȣսܴ󡣡
漵
սУһ˿˿ɳ
ʦʦ֣ҡ

ɨ𣬼Ĳ״˫۶ʱһ
ƶĿ⣬죬ĵģ
ޱ飬̧齣һ
Ŵ̶ĽһĽֱӳŹնȥ
ҵ죬ˣֱӶԹˣ
ǹ񣡡
ͷһ
ǿĽâŹնȥϯһ쫷硣
֮һϣʮݺᣬݵĳɱȥ
ǰɱҰͬţ

ЦǰΪʲô
ʮ𶯣ϳɰ߽ƴ
һϽһֱһ˵Ľʮɡ죬ĵƷɺԬȥ׷㣬ȴ˳ˣôˣ
ǰ׳ҼȻվˣ˵ôˣ

ͫһɱǣҰˣҲɱ
첻мʢͰ׳⣬ʲôΪǰĳǽȺץѹΪһĿ꣬ȴ룬ڽȺ׳ȴԹԵȥԼ£Ϊѹҵǰ£ΪȤץҪвңͬһڵϡ
ԬͰƷɣʵ΢ȴ̫࣬ûųϸ̫ΪǣҲˡŹԭǽȺһɱпסңϧΪ׳գΪһйһһ룬ҪǰĳϷ̫ϳ֪£ƻްɡ
ĻһܶʱȻ
ȻһץΪһĿꣿ⣬ô£
ƷɺԬ˾Ȼɱˣ
⣬ŸսȰ
һ˽ļ¡
ԶüȻԸ죬һЩŭ⡣
ɫקϽĻܡ
ﬣ
Хһ齣ֱӳɱȥ
۹һң
ϽһϱޱȾ˵Ϣ˶һ
Ϣ̫ǿˣ
ʶһʮ΢ҵĹâϳɰ߽󣬾ֱŹȥһΣʮ֮ǰøǿ󣬶ס˹ҲʱѾǰֱһն¡
۵һȱֱӱ顣

𷢳ɱĲҺòؿһ
ŭһʮɱ
ɱΪˣ

ڹ֮ǰһ齣ֱӽͷ­ն
ͷ­бɳȥѪڵر
ˣ
ȻɱǸ𡣡
ղԣĸĵӣô̵ʱɱˣ
Ĳ
һ˲䣬һΧ߶죬ֻ˼ֱһ
죡
ȵ˵ɱƵĲ
ֵˣĸˣȫȡ
ĮӦ
һҵԪ渡ֶ˶Уȥ·һ̧е齣û˿ԥֱһŹնȥ̼䵴Ļ潣â


271 صа
ܹоǿ󣬶Էѹܴ󣬲Ȼˣȴܻһ˿һη塣Ͼƹ˵˿Խ˸С̨ս͹ֻǲĸС̨׶ѣʲô
һ潣âϯ죬ƺƵѹ
һĻһΧ߽Ŀ࣬ɱ󣬾Ȼֱն
ÿ񣡡
˶¡
Զ漺ŮۣԭΪĵǣȴ룬Ȼ˹
궨Ŀǰ¶ѣѾ˦ôԶ˰
죬̫ǿˣ
սУɫ׳ץס㣬ȣ
أȡ

ʮݺᣬŭն˷
ɫĮһչʮһڱ֣ÿһڶ˸ɭɭ⡣
ɲǼѣʮڱײһ
΢ûʲôȴǸо˹ǿԶȡһ򵥵ײģʮֱӱѹˣȻ߽Ҳûܹı١
ΪĲ࣬ȻǴ⡣
찵
Ӷ齣ʽ彣ֱ
һսжʱһ潣
ɫ΢ȻҲΪսݣĹȴǲûһ˿һͣ٣ʮһڱϺʮײʮһһıˣնһ޴Ѻۡ
˲Ϣѣ˳ײһ𣬽뽣棬ȭȭײĿڶ
ˣǿ
·ˣȻ͹ĲЩ޴󡣡
ϻĴŹϵͬһˡ
С
սУӰϽһ似ȭţУ໥䲻ײ
ʮν棬˺ʮԶֱ϶һѪۡ
ȻǿȴǹĶ֡
𣿡
֮ǰ˵Ҫץܻѹɡ
ֹ
ĮĶ죬ϽâƣһǰȥƾʶΪΪܺҶɣ浱ΪĲǿ
וּһߣʮһڱ
̫Ϊǡ
ĵ
ŲһΣе齣Ͷ˳ȥһ糯Źȥ
о
һ齣
ʱһɸӿֲĽƳ˫ֳлȼգ񱩵Ļ潣ʱ佫Ƭս˽ȥ
ɫһ䣺㡭
ף
ȡ
ںܾǰͷһ㣬ûбʱʩչĽҪнʱǿһࡣʱ齣ʩչ彣ʱ䣬еĽɢ˿˿彣ֱ
ȻûϵһĻʱšϾǱϵĴͬһǿܱͻĹȴǺܿ˷ʮһڱͬʱǰֵ񱩵ķ彣
Ӧ졣
һ
ɫһ䣬쾹ȻѾƵǰ
㡭
飡
̧һȭֱֱڹϣʱùɶԶ
һĻһΧӲûɳ
˹
ǸĴŹϵͬһˣȻȻǸˡ
ĸС簡
ļ¡
һ£ղţǣǡʩչǣչĽƣȴŽʱҪ࣬⵽ǡ
ﰡ
һ߽Ծûнȴȳֽ£
ֱ߸һ˵֪
Զ漺࿴꣬Сʦã֪ô𣿡Ů֪ĹϵüӦöе˽⣬ʩչĽȻʩչĽҪǿίʵЩȡ
Ҳ֪ǰûмʩչ
Ҳǲ졣
ȻҲ֪
֪
һʱ䣬ŮˣֻöսС
ʱ˿̣ƬսѾǧٿףϵǾ޴Ѻۡ
վǴѪøӵı䡣
ͬУ˵ҵˣǵһ
ĵ
̧֣ʩչر齣ֱָ
ǽء
Źһ齣ֱɱϡ
ϽɱӯҰֱӭϡ
໥ײһΪģһɿ񱩵Ԫ̼䵴
У齣ȼգʽĽһն¡

ʱһ
ɫȻһ䣬ֻоͻȻЩ·һӵص׳ҪӿڣʹŲһ٣ǿջؽƣˡ˵һ̣Ҳɫһ䣬ߡ
ףͻȻô£
ǰôͻȻջ˹
֡
˲⡣
һ̣ͻȻر֮ϣһ޴Ѻ۸֣һɫʱ̮ȥֻһ˲ѣԲǧڵĿռ䳹ױڵǣ˵·Ҫﶳᡣ
ô£ʲô
صףһƬռ䣿
ߣ
˱ɫ
һ̣˶о˴̹ǵĺ⣬ǰһĻ
ŵر̮йս׹˵¡ң׹ȥ˲ֹһʮȥʱ㱻صµǵŨǡ
˭

ܿ죬ɺͲҽдӵص׿ռ䴫׹·ʿ·˿µĶ
һЩûеȥʿоٳԶȥ
ʩչǚiڿнŲһ̤̼Ůߡ
뿪
ż꣬ߡ
ʶǿޱȣоص׿ռżΪΣյĶڡ
ʱµĵٴλζһ鿪
ѽ
漽һʱ׹ȥ
żһߣȴûüס漣ɫʱһ䡣
ֻ̼ѣ漵ӰǱص׿ռĺǡ
ʦ㣡
е
ص׿ռɫһ𣬴ž˵⡣
żһɨֻɫĵص׿ռѪһš
ʹʱüͷ
ץ죬ʦ֣Ⱦʦ㣡ղص׿ռвҽȻ֪Σգ漵ȥȻܵġ
Ҳڣ죬ǵȥѰʦ㡣
΢齣һһɽն·һƬȫɨ
ȥһøߡ
˵
˲Ĺͦչ˼꣬Ȼ᲻æ
ĮɨһۼԶĹż࣬µص׿ռ䡣
գ
ڵصף߶ʱнŲص
·ĿռһƬڣֻܿǰһڣʶһɨƬص׿ռ侹Ǻܴ󣬺ɽڼŵǷĹ޼һ
ͻȻһԱ߸֣һѪɫӰֶ
ʱһŵĶ¡
̧֣һնǰǣһȴֱѪɫӰϴ˹ȥ
ô᣿
ɫ΢䡣
ѪӰŨ˲˵˽ǰ
֣һѽͬʱüĴƮһƬɫꡣ

һ̶ļѪӰײϰʱ絾˰˳ȥ


272 
ѪӰɣжʱһƾâȻ飡
ǰϾƹ߹£һΪϢĹûʵ壬ԼĴһЩʬ֮Уһַĥ٣򵥵˲飬ΨԪáǣԪܹɵ˺ҲޣԣսǿԸȴ鷳
ô˵Щϼһ˵ˣŨص׿ռ䣬˲˰ɡ
찵
ǰѪӰɣһҽкϢʧˣҲû׷
죬ղ飿
ʵ
죺֪飿⻰ճڣЩգ˫ǰĵˣǰλǰӦú
һ㶣Ķ졣
ôˣ
ɻ
Աߣĵʦ֣Ҳ֪飬һʿ֪顣
һ죬֪ⶫϾƹҽȵǰŸҵģѵվǿ߲֪£
Σ࿴飡ǳʶ
죺
ͻȻһ˵ĸо
ЩȵĿ죬򵥵˲飬ԪҲѶɴ˺㷽һȴƺǽֻ˵ĲᣬȻöԷֱѡ˶ߣղŵʲô
԰
ҲǶ죬ǲ졣
Цŵרķ
첢ûϸ˵Ҳû׷ʣֻʱʱȵĿ졣ʱ˸ŵâϾƹ˵ĹȻûʶеİȶԵĹֱĿǡ
˶٣ʶɨܣκ漵Ϣ

ر̮ڵӵص׿ռƮڿУܿǽࡣ
ص׿ռϣ·
ȻôһƬ֮أƺܲһ㰡
ȷʵҿһЩżֳڣҲر
ȥ
˽ͷӶ
ܿ죬¶âֱԾ˵ص׿ռ䡣
ȣ˶ΪѰһƬرͻڣΣգ˻Ǻԥȥ
ԶĶŵص׿ռ䡣
죬Ӳҵģ
һһԾ¡
ʱ䲢ûйȥãطĺˣɢ޺ܶ࣬ĴŵҲУŵصµĿռ󣬸ԶǶݡܿ죬һʿȥȻڵص׿ռѰһЩ

ص׿ռõࡣ
һСĳǰȥ
ܿܳʪ¸ǿӿһƬȻЩΪھ򣬵Ȼγɡ
ʴɵİɣ
찵
һ룬ԷǳĴ󣬱Ͼص׿ռ鶼С
ʱһѪζƮ
쳯ǰȥʱΪص׿ռ䵭˲٣Ұֻ࣬ǰĵϺ˵żʬ壬ѾֻʣƤǣѪǱĳ޸ʳһ㣬ȥԵЩˡ
΢ЩʬԱߣо˻κεطҪŨ࣬·һľۺͣٹá˶٣üСһЩǼǰȥ˲ãֶʬ壬ҲֻʣƤǣ֮ǰһǣ⼸ʬ϶ԵĽˣƺȱɱűʳϵѪ⾫
΢΢üҡҡͷ󣬼ǰȥ
રɣ
રɣ
રɣ
ڲ߲ʱĴ˵ĽŲ
ú߳˼ԶʱһתǴǼ漡
ʦãСʦã졣
漿첽
ʦ㣡
˵Ľǰӭȥ
ʱһѽ˻ͬʱնһ漽űߡ
ʦ֣ʲô
һ
ƺŵˣһίı顣
ָ࣬еĽ棬Ѫ
ʱһʦ㣬ǡ
мңҴǣЩѪǵġ
˵
˵ţ漳߹
וּһָ̧֣ǰҵĸ֪ǻҲڲס˵ţüĴһƬƬƮɶɲǼ۳һ̽ԥĳǰնȥ
һĻ඼һüƮʲô似ǿɴδţ۳̽ն漣ʱɫʦ֣ɣȻѾǰɣ໹Ǻܵġ
õģܺ׼ȷֻɱڵĶ

໹Ϊ˵ġڵĶɻȴѾǰ˲ڡ
ʱ䣬һ̶Ĳҽڴ漴һӰƮ˳˫Ѫ죬Ķ졣Ӱͨž˵ʼһֱǸһּΪɭĸо··˲ʮȡ
ɫһ䣺ǣ
ЦڳֱնӰϾƹʮĥʽ޵˵ʽʶڰƿҲϤѾԿȴֲ˵˵ʶ񾭡
ﬣ
նâơ
Ӱƺǳɵŭһһαʧˡ
źӰʧջذƲԱߡʱѾ˹ȥɫԵúܲ԰ףԼܼЩڱƤ֮¡
ʦ㣡
æ˹ȥ
꿴漣ǵĵ죬Щǡ
ǺӰµû£ԪƳȥˡ

Ԫעڣʼڵ
ģƤµĺԽԽ
һĻǶ
죬ղǸѵǡ
ü
ͷܹĴڻڲƿغ֧䣬Ӧþˡ鲻ǿֻǶԸ鷳ͲһˣѾ߱һ˿ǣѶԸҲܿ£˵Ǳ߼һڡ
ǿսԿվĶһ𣬶ıǾȣʦ֣ղǵʲô似ȻֱܹӽʦڱƳƺܼɵ⵽ô£
࣬˿ҲǶĶ졣
ش飬ھȻնˣʵŮЩľ
ʱһɿ˹
ԭ׷쵽ܹͱǼǶΧȥ
ʦû°ɣ
ʵ
ЩԴû£ôˣ
ûд󰭣˶Ƿ漵⣬ӦһǼڽµˣӦ漱ݺɱȻ˵
ûºһ˲û뿪ǼȥϾôһƬص׿ռ䣬ҲܲµﲻѰӦвĶҪײһײ

ʱǰЩտвҽ
ֻǰһƬܶڣʮʿʱʮֻʮУʱʱʿΧɱˣȴûκҪߣȫڳⷽܶ塣
̧ͷֻܶһɸߵҡҷһ㴿׹â

쵱¶ɫ


273 
żȻһżϿ˵۶ɣž˵ϢУһ֮ɵֵʮգңһ޵ܹ۳ȹʵԳƵ䣬˵һ԰ʿʮԪֵ
Ȼϼһ˵ＫطۣȻݻϢ

ƬĵطȻʵоȡֻаɶߣɢȴޱȵľˣҲѾʮ꣬Ҫﵽĳ̶ˣ
оâ˸ʣһ䱦е䱦
˼ҲǾȣȻҲûϵȱ
䣡
Ƭտڣһʿ۾ˣĳȥ
ƬܶУʮֻҲڲϹеʿʱʱ
СĹ
Ѷɴ˺
ԪŨȣԪǿɱǣ
ܶʮʿڳʼûΪĴڶη壬ģЩʿιɱһֻ󣬵ԽԽʿʱ˿ʼˣһС
ȻۺʹѣǣɲҪۼſʿòýʿʳѪ⣬תۼһ߸ʬԭŵʮʿ˿һľ
춢ǰ΢һģ壬ʮ壬ʮܹʮֻ顣ܶʮѪӰǴɭɭɨһۣļ˵С꣬ţҪҶ
䣬ŲһΣֱӳܶȥ
ȻȻöⶫļֵԹ
ٶȺܿ죬һ˲ǿ˴ξ룬Ҳʹܶʮֻע⵽ʱֻ鳯ɱĹֽ


üĴƬƮֻƮȥֱӡֻϡʱ䣬ֻ鷢ĲҽУѪɫӰһ뱻һ֮ɡ
⡭
⣬Ǹ죡Ȼô׵飿
ʲôֶΰ
뵽ܶĶǹۿ͹һսΧߣ˿̼һ˲㽫˶޿κεɨ˳ȥֱӸԷ˼Ĵˣ˶¶ŵı顣

һ
ܶһȱڣһ˽ǹ
ȻȻ㿴˳죬ʱһ䣬̧ϽնȥһĽ⡣ѾҪоΣǿиı䷽򣬺ƳȥɶԶ
ڵϣɫʱһ
üҲˡ
Ĺһ죬ֱӳȥȻڹУĴڱҪܶ౶һ̣ٶȷǳ죬һֻܿϮɱȥ飬ܿǿ֮ڡ
һΣ齣ȼգҪŹնȥһ̣һֱͣϸ¶һĨЦֻŹǰһӰͻȻϢĳ֣ڲﱻ˵
ʲô
һϽͳǰնȥ
Ѫһһ̶ĺХһ㽫˳ȥ
˵ƵܶʮֻʱȫΧǰ·ڻһ㡣
ǣѵǡ
˶¡
Զǿ˾㤵ѹȸУʱ˿־塣
⣬Ȼֶ
У뿪˭Ҳò
ߣߣ
ʱ䣬˿ʼߡ
ʮֻĴѾһʿͷˣȴʱȻðһͷվǿߵĴڣ˭Ӧˣ
һʿ۾Ѫ췢ͬζʳ㣬˳ȥֻһ˲䣬һʿᴩؿڣ˶ʱۿɼٶȿʼήеѪС뺣һڡ
ܰ
һĻŵˡ
ʱ䣬ⷽܶڵʿһѷĳܶȥٶ̫ˣټʮֻڳɱܶܹӳȥʿ̫ˣ󲿷ֶУһ־ĻӽȴǶûжá

Ĳҽصתۼ߸ʿУһʿ¶־ı顣ѶԸɱˣ󲿷ʿܹ֮սȴһз֮һ£
ʱƵһʿǰѪ⣬ʿץȥ
ʱ䣬ʿŵˣֱӻʹȥ

һһ۰ն첢ʶʿʿŷڵķΣӦǷڵӣ´ܺãзڵӽҪǰѣȻĿš
ˣʿĲУȻܹʿǰ˭ʱ̱¶ϲ֮ɫʦ֣⣬лʦ֣ʿʵڣӦóƺΪʦܲŶԣΪʵݣӶǳƺΪʦ֡
뿪
˵
ʿͷֵʦ֣ǻмͬܲܡ
֪
ͷ
ɨⷽܶȻڵӣʱǚiһչüĴƮİһֻֻɨɣ˱˼ΡУ԰ʱȴֲòٴ˱ܡ
⡭
飬ܱˣ
ǹ𣡡
ƬܶڣʿӲûеɳļ¡
ܿ죬żڵӿһ
ߡ
ż˵
־ϲлʦ֣˵ţ˳ΪǴ򿪵·ȥ
ż뿪ƫͷ½ĿϡŲһΣ˲ǳ˹ȥͬһʱ䣬һ߳˹ֱӽʮһڱնȥ
ɫһһԶ˲ʮ
һȥ
ʮݺᣬ죬볯Źնȥ
һɣȾѪ˲ˣȴѾϢ˹Ķ죬ƿкֶΣȻܹ׾ٵ飬ǿΪ֮ɵˣֻѹ㣡
ƾ㣡

̼䣬ٴսһʮڱݺύ棬һ似֮նʹⷽܶһ类ƻϾǵص֮ȻγɵĿռ䣬Ϊ޽ɣܾܵսвʯ¡
⣬ס֣
̮ģ
ʿе
ֻǣսеˣܻͣ
ʱ߽ܶһŮӣĹȵաܶ˲㿴ܶһٴ͹սܿʮֻ飬תۼԱߡ
͹ƫͷ˴ǵսﵽԱߣҪȵǣ˽һ̧֣Գնȥһҽ⡣ͬһʱ䣬ԶʳʿѪХһҲǳȥ
Ȼǳ⡣
ոץסǼֲһѹĺӰϮʱɫͱ䣺ǡջҵĳԱߺơ
ﬣ
ﬣ
͹Ľһǰһ󵽴Աߣʱն˵档
һһ˵Ѻɢڵλã澹ǺȻٶ̮һɸӿֲԼ䣬ֻŵص׸һĹ⣬Ϣһɿֲ·


274 °ӣʬǱ
ܶĵ̮͸һ޴ķ϶·˶ɫֻڵλãһʯŸ·׹䣬ܿ죬һ޴Ԩܶ·һڵ޵׵
⣬ص£пռ䣿
ﵽʲôط
⣬ȥˣ
˴С
ƫͷֻڵĵطΪȫ̮Ҳһ׹ڵԨҲʱһ𣬾һȥ
üͷһһϧȻôûˡ
ﬣ
һ̶Хһֱ
䵭ʮһڱݺ᣺ѵõֱѹ㣡
죬ɫĮԵú򶨺ţʵϣȷʵ򶨺ŵʸΪΪߣΪսǿԶԶǵȡ
£Ҳһ

رһչ߽ѹϣͬʱʩչʽ潣âɨʮ
ȷʵǿһӹɣܿϧڵ㻹ҵĶ֡
Į
ûʲôȴҲǲòϣĹսȷʵǿ󣬱ϾĸС硣ˣȴûη֮ɫսǲʤĹ
齣һ𣬽ХŨƸǿ
¡¡
˵Ĵսν⼤ңʱⷽܶĸѺۣϷʯ£սս־ŭ
쵰涼ˣҪս
ôȥᱻģ
ģӣ

һ߳ܶȥһ߶ܶڵ飬󲿷ֶɫ԰ס
ʱһ
ܶ޵׵ľ޴ԨߣձԵص׸·ľ޴סˣ·һֻҪ·קץԨߵһʯɫԵЩ壬˵ķ򣺡λʦãң
գ˶Ƕݡ
ʦãңǹ״ӣͬżȰɣ
սе
ʶΪ׹޴ԨҲڿʱƫƫʱԨײһɾ޴ק˿̵״̬ץԨԵѣҪС
СʦñȥΣգ
漳
ҲСǣΪˣðգƽﻹһֱ㣡
ȻĹȵķôã٣漺Ͳϲա
ԥ£ջǳǰһϾͬţҲûʲô캦£ҪǼȣʦߡ˵ţ漺עⰲȫ漴Ӱһչͬһ˳ȥ
Сʦã
漺඼һ
͹սһ𣬴˿ȻҲǼһĻü
ʱǰʱ䣬ʮͷ죬漺඼ɫһ䡣ܿ죬¶ɫ鶯ûһͷܹһڣһƮһ˦顣

ǰеĻСʦΪȻʶڶ죬ȴѾ޵˳̶ȣƺѾԶԶĵ˦󡣡
漺ྪȡ
漺࣬һĻ͹¶֮ɫսﵽǚiڶص춼оΪޣǼٶȺܿ죬䲽ܿ飬λÿջһ㣬ڼƶʱȻһɲʧȥ˼Ϣ·ֱʧһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ԨϣҲľжʱ¶һ˿ʡ
ʱѾԨߡ
ʦ㣬ٶ뿪

Ԩž޴ܱʼЩȴҲǲС꽫һڵϣһŽסΣһֻץգ΢΢һһѽմԨԵ
ʦ㣬ߡ˵
һȴͻأһĨâѹЦлСʦã䣬հһקż곯Ԩһʱü˴һԨ׹ȥһ˲㱻Ԩײû
϶ȴǿķΧ
Сʦã
Զ漺ɫ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬͹սһҲɫ䣬һͳԨȥ
пչ𡣡
Į

ɱŽ̼䱻Ԫƣ񱩵ĽϯʮԶ֮룬ǚiһչԨԵֱʩչԨײȥɲʧںڰС
죡
ʦ֣
漺Ǳɫ
ݣԨüͷʱҪץذԨ׶༪٣ܴȥɨǷڰԨһ˲ֻĮҡҡͷתȥ
նԨһ漴Ц޴ʼɼ꣬гֽקԨȴȻżһȥ˷ܣȼ꣬죬ĹʦɱʦԨǻˣȻܸˡ
գСʦȥ㣬Ȼ𱨣
ŭ
յԼͻȻ֣Ϊ׹ԨһϵûС˵ţԹԵĳܶȥ
㲻ҪţһὫˣ㲻ú
ŭ
Ԩһ£ַŭ
һĨ⣬תһƳϣСˣݣһŵӶѣǺĵӣ𱰣Ҫʦ㣡ĺܶһȱڣܿʧ
գŭ⣬ܿԨķ򣬶ʱȪӿǷԨ֪жң·죬֮ǰҲȥҲ֪һƬذڣͼȥĽ˸롣

һƬԵĿ硣
˿ٵĳԨ׹ȥֻоЩʹ
ǹɾ޴֮У۾Щֻܷſʶ̽ܣѰҼӰͬһʱ䣬齣·ȥȾ޴УʩչϷǲܵ£·ȴȫûκ⣬ңٶȸܵõܸ䡣
Ϊµĸ磬ԣֻȷ׷ϼꡣ
ҵˣ
ܿ죬ɫһϲ˼Ӱ
ȻҲϢʱɫһ䣺ô
ѵһֻԨϿŲɣ
Ц
ܿԣ˹
ֱʱǳ˿
궢죬ЩϲЩжЩǸ⣺ɵ
ɵȻΪ˷գ˶ԷȴԷӺ

˵⻰һƾ˵ĺ⣬Ũɱ
΢΢ͷԲ𡣡
ô˵֪ĵͬǰѡԺˣҪΪһЩҪգһģ
ֻ֣оһİ
ô죿
ʵ
ߵķ죬䡣
쳯ͷۣе˺ܶ࣬ˣȴҲѾûгȥĿˣϾܹﵽĸ߶ޣӦѾ˺ֻڵײ취ȥ
ֻˡͷС鷳ˡ֪ΪԼȥգ鲻ݱ䵽һ
˵ʲô鷳ֲˣ

ԵÿЩ˵Ҳǡ
ϵķ粻ϹιҲ֪ȥ˶ãߵǹʧͼ䵽ԨײԨײһƬڣʵֲָֻһھͬʱһϸ΢ˮǰ
ԪһƻƵ齣ϣ˲ܡ
Ҳʱɫ
ǣ
齣ϵĻ˷ԲڵĿռ䣬ȥܼܶĺǣ࣬ҲޡڲԶһ°ӾʣˮһƬ죬ʬƮˮϣɫƹ֮ܡ


275 
ʬһ߾ߵɢţһЩѾĲӣһЩ򻹱ֻԵЩ԰ףͼίʵЩļ£û뵽ƬصԨ¾ȻôʬֱһƬʬأ
˶סˣǵһЩĻʬʱǲ԰׵գ˽ǲɵõһֻüЩѵ̫Ũʹ¶̫ͣӶһЩʬ
̫ˣ˵¶ٵҲܱ
ҡͷ
ͷ˶٣ߵһʬǰָԴʬ塣
͵һʱ䣬ʬֱ˻ҽ
ڲѪѾȫ绯ȷʵûܹ

վɨƬռ䣬˶ЩĲ
ʵ죬ô죿
룬Զİӣ˳ߣӦҵڡеˮȻǰͱȻȱڣҵȱڣܳȥˡ
£ͼŰӵˮȥŰߣܳԽԽʬ壬ЩˣǰǰӵˮϣʬڻԵޱˡ
Ϲŵսжţڻôʬ塣
ľ
һ·ʱϼ£ʬһ࣡ϹŹȥôƾõ£ܿôʬĵһսĹģж̲ס˸
룬Ĺһܹϵĵ伮￴˵Ϲʱвǿ߽ƬѰĳرսӦúǼرйءΪĹ״ӣȻ֪ʮ¡
رʲôر
΢ɡ
һ롣üĬƬ̺󣬵Ǳż˵ǼرǺʮĵʮйأ˵ǿնʮıݣҲ˵Ǽرй˶Ҫõ
ʱһնƵʮıݣ
Ǳżôصġ
ͷ
쵹һѹ֣ôһ룬ĴսôҲͨϾƹ˵ʮʮ̺֮أʷȴδܹʮ죬һܹƿʮرֵӹˣʮǿߴͷ­ȥᡣ
˵ΪǳսƬͨϲʱŻЩ⣬ԭ˵ʶͨǵʱŻڶ죬֮վǿ߶޷ͨΨдﵽͨɾһĿԡ
ʱŻΪһս𻵵𣿡
΢
ͷ˼ĵҲȷΪϿġ
Ӧúܴ󡣡

˶٣ҡҡͷЩȫû壬ǿôȥʵʡ
齣ϵĻͼһŰӵˮǰȥ
ܿ죬߳˼ʱ
ʱڰлһĨѪ⣬һǰϮ
궯ݣ顣
˵ţ𶯳̼串һԪ˸ڹԡʼѪӰʱΪ֪Է飬ֱһȥ˸գʱ֪ڳȻֱתԪңʶԪɱȻףҲ̫ѡ
һЦ㲻öʡԪ齻Ҵ
ѪӰѾƵǰʱüĴƮһƬ˲ӡüġһΣעɱڰڣʱ䣬Ƭֱûͷ­ڶԷһҽк󣬱Ǳնķ飬ǻƮɢ
΢֮ǰش飬ȴնɱ飬ʱһֻ鱻׾ٵնɱ·Ǽ򵥵Ĵ˿㣬ʵЩȣ⵽ôģһֶӦò˲ɱŶԣɱҲʵ̫ˡУǰô£Ͽȥǰ䣬ʵȴһ㶼ͬ
˶٣ʶ󡣡
ڼ꣬ûʲôģԼʶ˵¡
ѵõĵۣʶ󣿣ĹȺ󣬽Ĺ伮һ飬ʶȻҲ֪˿ȻʶίʵǾȵĲУʿҲһ
Եɺϡ
Ц
̲סƲ죺ʲôɺϣǫ飡
ʱ°ߣһ˫˫ɫͻأֱĶͼ꣬ʱ䣬Ũƶ¶ȶʱ½ʮȡ֨ѽ֨ѽܣһЩʬŤվ
飬кܶ࣬ʶͬʱӦô𣿡
գգ۵
ԼĴʬڣʬжһЩʬվ˲֡
Цû⣬˶£ǵľԿǡ䣬ɫһüĴʱâʢһ̣ܼİʶƮͬ°һ㣬ͼ껷м䡣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһֻֻˣȻǽǵ
ܿ죬鿿ǰײ˰ϡ
ʱĲҽде飬һǱǱɣðһ̣Щʬ飬ʬ˲
Ŀ⣬ʱҰУʮֻµ棬ȴÿÿǱɣȻ첻֣Ҳûһֻܹܵƺη֮ģûֻ⿿
ն
ʱһ
Ʈɣɱٳܳȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
գۼѣʮֻȫڰ֮¡
ɲʲôöˣȻɱǳɳȥܻȫǱɸǿĹʥǾڴѡ
߰ɡ
Լ
꿴Щ㶣κŻع˸ۣһʮֻĥ飬Ȼһ˲ͱն˸ɾʵй˵ģҪǴȥƻ˾Ŀɿڴɡ
ЦӦò٣ߣұ㡣
ð㱣ҡ
գգ۵
Űһ·ȥ;˲飬һ⣬ȫ͵ظɱ֮󣬴ԼȥңǰһЩһɱȽϾ˵ϢʹһϲӦǿ쵽ˡ
˵Ĳÿ˲٣ʱӱÿǰ洫ϢǱøŨңͬһʱ䣬ҲһɷǳŨƮڿСͼЩ֣ŲøЩܿߵ˰Ӿͷ
ǰһްڣϣһɸߵĳ΢΢ҡҷɢޱȾ˵Ϣǲǰ׹ԨʱվһӰɢž˵ɲֻ
¶һƹЦż꣬һǵޣֱӳȥ
Ȼע⵽࿿ʱת˹ͬʱһͷƤĺХ
鷳տˣڣ֡
Ц
üĹâ˸ܼİ˲۳һߴ糤İ
¶ɵ֮ɫȻǵòǰն˵¡
ﬣ
ٶȺܿ죬˲ͷ
Щɵİȴ뿪צһӣʱ䣬ܼ۶絶ɽ㳯ѹ


276 ʶ
˵ѹ£ռ䶼֣ǵȳίʵЩ¡
һü˺һЩܼİǰնȥ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ʱͬһ˲䱻˸ɾ
Զ꿴һĻɵһ죺ŨȻô׾ͱնίʵЩȡ
ŭ죬Ѫޱȵ
һЦֱǰͼÿһС̨׵Ϊôı׷ܿ£վǿߣʶƶԷη塣
ˣ
Ʈɣٶ۳ϯնǰ
𣬿ֲһһɢϢƬռ䶼УȻϢİʱȴ·ؼΪֲĶʱͬݰ㣬͵Ŀ
飡
ǰ̧һţŵ״żƬֱĸ
һҽУʱǱĺ˳ȥ
Ǹϼһ˵̫ˣ
ۣоâ˸
ǰϾƹ˵ѶԸǺܿ£ߣȫκι˼ɣֱӺݺݵŰԷʱ⻰ЩˣǾһϾƹĻȫȫ
Ĺʶ죬սǿ֮ǰȴǱһѪɣ˲ˣϢܾòŻָڣǿվǰȴǴЩйãȫơ
һｵһﰡ
Ц
Ͼƹ֮ǰ˵νȵӮңڿЩһ룬Ǳ˼ֻηΪһͷµأȴһĻ׵Ķ
Ʈİǰ
ŭޱȣǾܱĿƣȺⴴȴʼղԸȥ
۳ɵȴô۳Ź֡
΢ɡ
ԶЩʶǿ󣬾Ȼѹơʱɻ˵Ǽ֮Ļ壬ܹȡ㹻Ѫ⣬ӶﵽߵĲΡ
һ£
Щ˼ˣϿġ
죺
ǰ˸տտâüĴĹâøӳҡ̼ѣܼİʶƮƬռ䶼Уϯʮ


ÿһ䣬ȥǳ
ȻȴǿֲһĻתۼѣȫ飬һڣʱ֮ޱ˵ĲҽСʱٴοһŽɨɳȥɶԶ
С꣬

ʱѾλãƿصС
ͷһߡ
ǿ
뿴һȡ
ԶվѪɫ˫вͷŭŭХų˹
ˣ
Ʈɣ鲼ܣƿأܼİͼԼȫȫΧм䣬ʱֹס˽Ų۱øӷŭ
վԶ˻ȴǲ׿
ת뿴ֻǹŨë׶չ˿һ̹ɨԼҽɢ滤ǿʼ˵һ֮ɵʮգ䱦Ȳһԡ
ңȿʱޣݲ˷ʱ䡣
ͷ±ǺһԱ£ת
Źһת΢΢ҡҷһƴɫĹâƮٽ뵽ڣʹ˽ǲһ¡ŴɫâڣֻûԪʶ˲١
䱦е䱦Чƾˣоâһôһ˲ǸоѪȻֻ΢ȴҲǺܾˣϾֻһ˲ѣһȡƣһݸ꣬ⶫٶȻЩ
ţȷʵã֮ǰҵ˺ܴæءȥĹʱʮƣƣ˰ʱʶһﵽʶڶ۷塣֮ʱ䣬аͻˣΪѾﵽʶ۷ˡ
һЦʼɡ
£˱˫ۣתʼ
˹תɸߵҡҷĸһƴĹâƮڣúԽԽİâ۶⾹ǽһɫĹ룬εĸС
ˣ
â֯ϵϢٵ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱİâԽԽŨϻ۶ʹ˵ͬһʱ䣬ĹâԽԽȻŵޣպǲٻָ
ԶһĻŭȥɢЩȫȫΪ裬ոճȥͱһƬУðһɫԵǱ

ͬĦ˻Ƭתۼۼʮֻ顣
Ϊ߼Ĵڣܹͳͨ飬һʮͼꡣֻѣһͷͷײڰϣǷĲҽУвֱӱ顣
ɨһ£ٶȱ˫ۡ
ˣ
â⣬ϢԽԽǿ
а壬ĻᱻţתļԪٴοٿͬһʱ䣬ľ뵽ʶУתļȡĹâ֮Ƭʶ
ʱ䣬ʶ΢΢һƬƬ
һƬƬҡҷâĹâһƬʶʹЩ죬벻Ȼһʶ
ˣ
˰ĸâ۶ǵɢƬʶÿһ䡣Щâͬһ̲Ʒ㿪ʼʶʶһʽʼǿ
ʱƣâ£ʶԽԽʶԽԽ⣬ͬһʱ䣬һʶͬʱ˿ȴҲԽԽ׳һ㵭Ļ֮⡣
ˣĬĬУüĴԽԽɢϢҲԽԽǿ
ܿ죬չȥ
һ죬һɰϢڳһһȻҲ˸¡
ߣ˫ۣâһš
ʶء
ȭͷʱо˸ǿԪͬƺӰ֮ǰһࡣʶֻʶøһЩʶøǿʶڵЩǽһ㵭Ļ


277 ʱŻ
Լǿ࣬ʶøӳӯҲøǿ󣬻·ʹ΢΢ȭͷһĨâٴԹԼаѹƶԷնɱԷ
Աߣɫâƣ֯ڼ⣬֮еĸס
濴һּۣ꾹ȻѾﵽʶжΣңϵϢڲϵСֻϵĹâѾ࣬·ǿήһ㣬֮ǰϢ÷ǳ΢
νһյʮգʵǼȡȡһ̶ȺҲͻֱӿή

һǰ쿴˹ȥ
˫ѪЩˣɭȻͬһʱ䣬ԱվŲѪӰЩͨ顣
ۣİʱɲǼ価ɢ
һ㶣ʱһȻ졣
ˣ
ʱ쵭һЦİ˲
ңʱİǲŵâ
ָᵯʱһƬǰƮȥֱϡ

ҽУһɳȥðһɫҡ
жʱһĨ⣬ֻһƬѣ˿̾Ȼܶô˺ƺ֮ǰǿࡣЩϵĵâɵϲʶڵİǿǿ
վǰѪ˸ɵη壬Ҳӵķŭ
һЦǿߵȻƵ˵زȤ
ƫͷ꣬ż껹ٴν⣬ԼҲаػ⣬͵ϮֱӴʯȡһƷ׼ʱ¿ر
ЩǷ裬ʱüļâ˸ַʶ֮ʶӡķʽӡϡѾ飬ȻȻǷǳϤܿʮƷʶӡȻڵȻͬʱôֻӡǶѡ
˶٣ӣʼʩչر
ﬣ
Хһһա
󣬵ڶı
ʮڱߣÿһڱɢɭɭ⡣
ܺã
һĨâ
ʱ֮ǰʮʱߵĶʮڱÿһڶƷǲöԣԶ֮ǰǿ󡣶ʮڱ˸âڵĿرѹƹǿİط
ԭԼս뻹ˣΪڲ£ԲĶ֣ʱпվңʱƺĹؼʱ̣սǻӰ쵽ꡣ
ʮڱջأ˫ۡ
ʱһһţܿ죬չȥ
ˣ
һ죬ĹâͻȻ÷ǳңһǿϢϯ
Ȼ˫ۣпһĨâ꾹Ȼʶˡ
ģĹâðſ˫ۡ
ϲ
Ц
ʶڶ۷ֱӴﵽʶ죬Щ޴
ЦĹ͡
ʱϵĹâѾɢһɶ׿ήȥᴥ£ʱ䣬һ飬һس
һ⡭
ǼȡɾȻܼڣǱҩһĶ
͵
Զ˻Ѫסӿ
ʶһʱƮವĳȥ֮ܣֻǰһ޴ȱڣǴﴫ˽
߰ɡ
˵
ݵ԰ɱż곯ȥʶȵѹҪɱȴҲ򲻿ܵ£ϾҪߣΪԲ¡
ȱڣܿ죬˱˳ȥ
ϣǰһƬĹȵأ˼һʯ̨һޱȲɣϢʱʯ̨ǳ㣬֪Ǻʯʣм侹һɫĹԼɣֱغϡ
ͼ΢΢һ
ͫףѵǡʱŻ
ʯ̨ɢŲɣϢϵɫ·ų棬ûһ˿һƬռԵø룬ȴַ·ںһĳʹһ˲뵽ͨڶʱŻ
ȷʵǡ꿴ĹżʱŻ˽಻٣ʱڹżϿĹʱŻǳơ
ǰ˶ԵЩ𺳡
ʱŻܹͨڶĹţʱǰ
˸貾â̲סǰһ

æץס
ʱŻںܾǰͳ˴⣬վǿҲ޷ͨǿоԻᱻ˺ķ顣˿̣쳯ʱŻȻһ
ֹסŲǸһʱʧˡ
Сĵ㣬ⶫںΣա

ͷ˶ٺü˿һЩԿرһƷĳɫһ𶯱ûڡ
ͣ
ɫһ˲ǽʵķ顣
һ𣬴ʶӡı飬ܵЩɡ
û°ɣ
ʵ
ҡͷ¶ǰʱŻҲǱıոûбǱʵ֧飬ûʣ£ǵίʵЩ¡
û׷˶ĿǰʱŻκֻεҡͷ
ֻдﵽͨɾͨ𡣡
ЦƬﵽͨɾ֪жꡣ
ЦҲã˵ʲôʱŻͻָء
פãƿʱŻŹȥ
ⷽϿȵҲܴͼ곯ȥ;Ҳǿ˲ٵʬǣЩʬǶѾȫֻ࣬ʣ˹ǼܡԴˣ˲ûô⣬ӷǿ˲٣ܿǴﵽƬϿȵΧ
ˣ
ʱһֻһĪѹ˼ͷȻ䣬˵ҰоǸֳһͷͷ˻飬ĴسݣϣĶҽͲʬ

˲ѣ˵ļһܼ亹ֹסķ
˵ĺܿ죬ĳʧǰǻȡ
֣졭
Щ
ҲûܹõȥһȥβŻʱĳȻʧˣǹ˾㤵ѹɴڣͬһɽѹļͷɨܣֻŲԶһʯǹ磬ǵ̫ڸӣȻҲȫס
ܹоǿֲѹǴʯ´
棬ѵѹʲôֲĶ
ͫ׽


278 
ߵʯоһһָоƺѹʲôΪµĶΪֻǶʯʶͲɵһ·Ҫһɿֲһ㣬ɵúһ
죬⵽ǣ
Ҳļ¡
ҡͷż˿ʯԶŸоһЩ
ʯ˵ĺԵЩ٣ɫԺǲ԰ס
ߣ

ʯ·Ĵһ㣬˶оˣٶһ̡
ͷæˡ
ܿ죬߳Զڳ뿪ϿȵķΧֱʱ˷Ÿо࣬ͷϵǹɿֲѹʧӰ١
̫ˡ
૵
춢ϿȵķֻһĲʯ£ѹʲô
ϿڲΪϡ仹ܼǷ޴ʯ̨ܹʯ̨ϵǵʱŻʹ˸һâͨڶŻϧڵȴܿĹȥ
ҡҡͷͼһ𣬳Զȥ
ܿ죬˱뿪˺Զ

ȵĿռɺܻһķƮһĨĨɳ
ڳʪϣȥԿһӰ
߹صװӣˡ
ܡ
˵Ͼƹ֮ǰ˵ʱŻλô˵ӦǽˣطûӰҲǷǳ¡
ͷ˼ǰȥ
ܳʪкɫƮڿУ·ڵһ㡣
һ룬ܾûһôˣоͦ
Ц
£Ҳ¶Цݣ˵Ҳǡ
ųʪĵ棬һߣա
ռ䣬ͣͣ;ޣǰȻ˹
һ죬ǰڼӰ
ʯ˲õı
ȻĴŵһЩǿȫܹȥˣǺųŵһĹ⣬˵⻹м٣
⡭
˵Ƭʯ⣬ƺɢͬʺĹʱǿʱء
ͬʺ⣿ʲôȥо˲ð
ϻ
ˣϽȥҲһǱķɣңôӢŻȻٲҪսһҲƽռѼ¡
˵Ҳǣ
һ˽ͷӶܿǳȥ˺Զ
˫ۣâ
ʯ֣
Ҫȥ𣿡
ʵ
Ȼ
ͷ
£ż꣬ǰһ󣬳νʯֶȥ

Ⱥ֯Կ̫ΪձںƲסˡ
ǰʯضǣǶĺܸߣһƬʯ֡
ò˵һȻ澰
ʱʯѾ߽˲ˣжǹâơ
ʦ㣬ǣСʦԨ
һ
ʯڵһյվʮŮӣĹȵĵӣо漣࣬աʱŭָգһĵӹ˵
ĹȺĵӵһˣΪʶأĻʱüͷһߵճգʦԿΪ棿ʱ򣬲ǹһЩŮҲǼΪĶա
ݿɲһ㣬ΪĹ״ӣңΪȻ̫ǿȴǿĹǧĵһˣ̫ϳ϶ǳá˿żѣҳֵգ˶һȡ
ҡͷôģȻƽȷʵСʦòͣҲ򲻿СʦԨôʲôô˵ţյĮɨһˣʦҲ֪ƽͶҲôأҲ˳ۣĪҪݺҡ
ʦ㣬ңҲѣ漵֮ǰһƬص׿ռΣգСʦò˼ΣȥСʦýȴ𱨣ûСʦקԨģǣ
ô˵ĹȵӶüա
գһΣ¿Ϊ棡

ǡյʦ㣬ĸĵеĵһˣĹһεӦʦˣɲҪǲԡһֱϲңСʦѣȫƵˣǰͲأ
˵ţЦ
⵽ô£
漺࣬ƺ˵ѡ
ʦ㿴ȥ򶨣ûһ飬治֡
һЩŮСۡ
üͷκ󣬶յ£һʾ߳Ⱥʼĩ⣬£ԺԼҲȥһΪûȷ֤ݣڲֱѹա
ǻ鷳ʦȥ֤ʵˡ
Ц
䣬նһˣʯȥ
ǺŰ
ǡ
һֱ
Ůֹ
ˣĹûжٵϲ
վôҡڵ뿪ʯȥŭѣᶼգˣҪһú˼꣬˿ȴţ۾̲ס
ֹסŲɨ˹Ǻĵӣŵӣŵӵ㣬ȻҼˣ৵һһǰֱֳ̧ճȥ֪ʲô򣡡
һƿνЩǾһĺ硣
ˣ
ʱһͻأԶ
һ̣һĶֱӺ˳ȥ
һ̧ͷȥֻǰ֪ʱ˸ʮꡣ
һϮ£絶һ㡣
죡
ŮӾУǰȥĹȣĹȲٵӶѹպ͵ĺǿ̬ʱټȻǵһʱ˳
죬죬ǿȻûγֵģ̫ˣ
֣ʦ֣죬˫ۣ漴һץס죺ʦ֣СʦأȥСʦأ

ԶһӰƮǼꡣ
ٴμż꣬漴ϲҲˣ漶Ǽĵᡣ
һ¾ͳ˹ȥ
Сʦãû̫ˣ̫ˣ
ʡ
Ĺͼϵã갲ȻĹޱȼ
ҲǰСʦã˵㡭
ʱĽжһڳ˹ȥ
ɫ΢䣺죬Ҫʲô
ɱ˶ѡ

üͷһ壺㡭
ʦ㣬㻹СʦöˣСʦãսСʦԨСʦò˼Σȥȴ𱨣ʦֵʱΪ˾СʦãҲԨ˶ƽˡ
ŭָա
ƫͷ꣺Сʦãģ
꿴һԶգɫиӣ˵ͷ
⡭
漹Ȼû˵ѡ
̫ˣ˵״ҲҰ
ңСʦȥ¡
̫ˣ
ĹȵŮӶ¶߿֮ɫ


279 
ĹһŮӶǼΪ߿ܹ˶ϲգȴҲû뵽վȻôɥĲ񣬾ȻĹ״°յĵصԨһڱȵ£
ųһա
㡭㻹ţ
ձɫ
һɨĽɣΪǻô
ǰӺ䡣
յɫЩ࣬־־壬û뵽ͼ꾹ûȻƬ޵׵Ԩ»˳ɨһֱۣӳʯȥ֮ǰǿ𶼸ɱˣܵס
ɫһ˲ǰһ߳
һһոֱӽߵĵɣһѪ
⡭
ÿٶȣ
òƱȹʦ㻹Ҫܶడ
һЩĹŮľ
ɫһٴαա
ӭɱնʱޱȿ־壬˫ֳŵ治Ϻˣʦ㣬ҪɱңͬŶԲԣǶǺĵӣȾң
ü룬죬СʦڱϾû£ֻѹΣ֮˴á
ǹҡ

⻰ҡҡͷɫ৵һ±ѩס
Ȼ첻ܰ֡
꣬ĵСʦãʦˣʦֻΪ̫㣬һʱͷԣ㣬ԭʦס֣һĻʱջסĲҲû֮ǰ档
£̧ͷ졣
˵ˣΪֵõ˷飬Ļ
˵
ǣСʦãԭ

գҡҡͷ
һ˲䣬յɫ৵ıò԰ףǳ̡ʱ䣬лһĨɫһչ˲佫һĹȵŮӽٳ˹ȥָŮӵĺϡ
գʲô
ȵ
һĻĹ˶ɫǱտסŮӣɫ˲һƬ԰ס
ɫǲңֻԼԼյеŮӵĲӿ۳ࣺʦ㣬Сʦã鷳ǵסˣе˽һ룬һԸ⿴ⳡɣ
ɫʱ
̫ˣ
Ҫ
ĹȵӽԷŭ
ͬһʱ䣬Įն𣺡ˣҪ̫ˡ
ûκ˲Ѿǰ
㡭
飡
ոձɫ³һ֣ʱ䣬һֻץסգݺݽ֮ڵϣֱһѺۡ
ſѪһĲҽС
ʱץסŮҲǶʱ첽˳ȥǿɫ
춢ǰգг
Ҫɱң㲻Ҫ
ġ
ûм˻᲻η壬һЩĵĶˡ
ˡ
ǣ̫ˣСʦãץͬв࣡
Ĺʷϴδֹˣ
ĹȲŮӽǷŭ
ղеĿ־øŨ
ĵ˰ɣ顣
ҪɱңҵǸҡ
ۣ
첻飬һ£նյĺ
Ѫˮڵ棬ȾһƬ
һ˲䣬ﵹǰࡣ
𳤽Աߡ
һյʬ壬ҡҡͷʳ£ȥСʦɣȻǶ֤ˣ֪˭˭ǣСʦ㿴Σ
ͷõʦ㡣
վǷǳ˼ͬ꣬Ȼյо˶ӣȴǳֽնһӣյʬ˽ȥǿ֮һĹ֮󣬹ŴĹһ˼Ƭʯȥ
ⷽʯַǳ㣬һ޴ʯ·һһ㡣
úǰ޵о˵ǰ
СһЩŲޣƬʯӦþһЩ޵ĳѨ
ѵ
һȻڿʯֵһ˲䣬Ѿо˿еĻϢɽڵҪŨңǳľˡ
ܿ죬һ߳ȥԶ

ǰҽ
ԶԼʮͷÿһͷߣһȺʿΧСЩʿɢޣʵǿѣЩޣûзһʿȺɱɡ
ֻ˲ѣڵʿǱȫʳ
ʮͷģһۼףǳźëȥΪˡ
Ҳ߼ޡ
΢
ʮһ˹
һͷʱ䣬ʮ볯˳
Сģ
˾䡣
䣬һ˳ȥһչ˲佫ǰһͷնɱȻʶ죬ΪԸһȻܼ򵥡
ɱ
Ůӽе
ܿ죬ʮͷֻʣһͷ
ͷ޸ǿΪżޣ鲼ۣˡ
ͷޣȻǹҲ˿ս֮
żӲ˹һһצ
ʦ㣡
漵˽Աɫ
һצҪ㲻Ҳˡ
Զһ˲޵צһȭȥ
һƺͷżֱӱҵĺɡ
⡭
һȭ˾żޣ
ʲôǰ
һĻ˶Ŀɿڴ
΢΢лҲޱȾȣͷżЦ£СʦãѡٶľǾҲǿᣬȻܹ;ż޿⣬һȭҷ˾żޣίʵľҪ֪޵ͨҪǿǾżޣ޵֮ǿѾϴʶʿĶ㣬Ȼһȭͽż޸ҷ˳ȥ
żޱҷɣʱŭѣ˫۱óһƬ
΢΢˫ֱۣ˹ȥͷżޣû˿ڵĶֻǼȭһȭȭ¡
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷϵͬһı˰㡣
һֱʼڼļΪͬʱѪҲڲϱϴӶ졣׹˵Ϊǿʥõ׹ѾǿľˣԺʶ۷ʿ⡣
໣
֪˶ãһҽУż޵ڵϣû˰㶯
ĹһŮӿĿɿڴ
Ȼƾɱһͷżޣ
ļ¡
춯ֽż޵޺ڳպã漴ż˻˻֡
߰ɡ
һϴžȣžż޵ʬ忴ãųʯȥ
ֻ̬
ǣ
̬
ŮСֹ
úǰʿԽԽ࣬һƬԿտĲһʮͷսһΣʮвż޵ĴڣȴԵ÷ǳݣµʬѾʮߡ
ǿ󣡡
ĴͬһˣһˣȻޣ
⡭
ܣ뵽ʿɫ
ǰǶʱ

ﬣ
Хһ齣ĳǰһֱƹȥ


280 ߲
һźڵɱ⣬˽һ
˭
ǣڵ죿ȻֱӶԹˣ
⡭
Χ߽Ծ
ȻǲȽ⣬ٺһԶܿһ
㻹ţ죬оտտâܺã
ܿ죬Ͳúˡ
Į
ŲһΣֱӳʮ֮䡣
ʮоż޶ס죬ɭȻһƬ

һʱƬѪҺ
ǿķ⽻֯ܣȵʱĲ޽һ
һǿˣ˼
ˣȴ䣬һ𣬷תӭ졣
̼䣬˱սһ
뽣ײ֯һǻ֮⣬ֻǼΪ򵥵ײǴʱΪģȴǾһɿµ쫷磬дĽ⣬ϯҰ˻ģĿ˵ļͷ޶ʱ䱻նķѡ
ÿֲ
ӡ
ңʱ˶΢Ĳ죬Ȼȫס˹
Ĺһߣȴ꣬漺⣬˶Ƕݡ
ǣ
ȡ
ʦ֪ʦƿưطνȣļҪĸĵѹʦΪһĿ֮꣬ǰζʦֳ֣ʧˡ
⻰ĹһŮӽһȻ£

ײһ𣬷˵Ľ֮
齣Ԫ潻֯ڽϣյЩŤΪﵽʶʩչʽǸǿͿֲ
һһ춼ǻ档
һ𶯳һ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮˿ٳԷ
е齣תͬһʱ䣬ֻȭӡ
һһȭϳһܼĹɱߣΧ߶һ
ǿ
񱩵Ĺ£ĹеĶͣͣʱһȭ
һɳȥ˿˿Ѫ
Ǹ
̬
ǿǺųĴŵһ˵Ĺ
һΧ߽Ե˫ۡ
ǵѪޱ䣺ܺãǿ
䣡
Ż䣬һޱȿֲϢӹڳֱĿ
ɲǼ䣬ʶΪչɣ
Ҳٱʵѹ㣬һԼҪ
ĵ
һ̣˶֮ܲǰ·һˣǿ̫̫ࡣ
Ϣ
ԭ֮ǰһֱûչʵû뵽Ȼôǿ
̫ˣһʶعƶǶְɡ
ΧĲ
ԭ֮ǰһ˶սʮ޾Ѿļˣʱ򣬸ŹɢϢһΧ߱ľŷ֣ԭʵԶҪ£ң࣡
ӭϢޱ飬Եúƽ
֮ǰ㶼κβңοڡ
ĵ
Ļ£һ˿ڹϯ񱩵ĻԪȼգĿ졣һ̣·ϹŵĻͬǽʥתǵȾ˵ĻͿ񱩵Ľļ¡
ơ
˶һ
Ĺһߣ漵˶ǵۣƺû뵽ܹǿ˵ز
ɫ΢ȻҲǱɢϢ
ʱΧŵ޽ǲĲΪ˿̣˵Ѿײһ𣬾ǽ֯һĿĵ绡
ѹ㣡
ɱ㣡
ԣɲǼٴγ嵽һ
ڣһƬƬâƬռ䣬ڶʱڣ·𹹳һƬ



˳ȭȣ似׷׳֡
ԭΧʮͷޣȻ˵ļҽ£ȴǲҺ˿񱩵Ľ˺ѣȻһЩżҲ⣬˲١
֪ս˶ãƿĽһȭڹؿڡ
һɡ
ںɳȥһɲǣȴҲǺת壬һࡣ
һǚiӰӭϣ˲ǰ
㡭
飡
ٶ̫ˣĹһֻæ˫۸񵲡һȭ֮ٶĹ𾪣һȭ£ֱӽҵ˵棬ĵһ˲һܼѺۣ֩ܡ
ƾ㣬Ҳѹң

Ųһ٣˿ӦĻᣬһǿ˹ȥ
ʵվǿһĵǳһ
ӵĵͦ
̡
һĽһն
һ˷ϯĵ涼ýЩ
Ҫ⣡

ֳֽնȥ
͵һնĻ˲䱻˸ɾ
ﬣ
𣬹ߣʱжʮһڱ
ط
ǿ似Ҽ̫ˣ
ͬʱݶʮһڱǿ⣬һ˭ܵס
һЩΧ¶⡣
ȻһЦʶһʮڱͬʱ
һĻһЩսʿ˫ĿԲ쾹Ȼʩչ˺͹һңͬʱƿضʮڱֱ̫ںˣ
Ѿܲݶʮڱˣ
֮ǰֻʮѰ
漵֪ͬȡ
սУɫʱ˼֣Ϊﵽʶ죬ȴҲֻͬʱƿضʮһڱѣȻʶΪܹͬʱƿضʮڱкܲ
ͬʱŨŨľɣģǰİط
ﬣ
̶һ˹
һæʮһڱ⡣
һʱ䣬ʮڱײһ𣬽Ĵ̶ϻص
֮ǰƿʮʱҲѹңƿضʮڱӲǶ֣

ʶһʮڱɺϻ󷨣˷ѹ¡
וּһĶʮһڱʱ
·ˣ
Ǹڵ죬Ȼǿȵزǰû˵

һЩΧ𺳲ѡ
طǹǿֶΣرҲǿսʱ˸չԼǿ似ǵȳν𺳵㡣طԭΧŵʮͷޣʱֻͷվţǳԶȥ
ˣ
ˣ
żް
ʿʱˡ
ЩΧ߼ЩɢޣﵽʶĶ٣ͷż޳Щ˿νǱŵɫҰף亹ֱ
ʱΨ͹ȫȴܣսһһ߶һƶ
תۼ䣬˱ֽٴΡ
ۣ
Ķʮڱվܶ࣬նһڱ£㽫һֱ۸ж
һŭ𶯣ҲǾԶ
ޱ飬ȴǲòϣɱѶȺܴ
ҴӲŹκһˣ˭ֻҪǵˣ
ĵ
וּһʮڱХꡣ
ɫһһԪضѹ㣡
ɲǼ䣬˸չֶΣٴγԷ
ʱʯ߲ʹâ˲ʯƬķΧ
߲⣿
ֳˣң֮ǰ˸ˣ
ѵ˲õı
ʯڣ˽Ƕݡ
͹Ҳǲɵͣƫͷ
ʯ߲ɫâ˸ͫҲǻ󣺡ǣ
߲ʹâ֣ʱеĽƻȸУ·߲ʹâңӦһ㡣


281 ѹս
ͷеĵâʯ߲⣬ͷʱһеĽƣȻȷӦ⻹ǵһΣʹһ߼䣬ѵʲôϵɣ
ȥ
ߣ
죡
ܣ˽еЩɢޣĴŵҲ٣߲ʹâʱһѷĳӵȥ·ȥ˱ͻʧһ㡣
춢ŲһΣҲǳ˹ȥ
оâ˸Ԧʮһڱʯ
ʦ㣬Ҳ߰ɣ
Ǿǣ
ղǹ⣬ɫĺǲʺ磬棡
ĹһЩŮ۵
£ĹһҲǳʯȥ
ܿ죬˶뵽ʯȥǰһƬǳտĵ򣬷Բʮҡطͬĵ˿Ҳʪޱȵĸϲһϸ΢Ѻۡ
춢ǰֻ͸ѷ죬貵߲ʹâסð
ڵص£
΢
طеĹâøŨЩȸҲӵľҡ
ǰֵâԭǴӵص·ģ
⣬µʲô
֪Σаң·Ķܳˣ
۷׷ס
춢ǰоâտտüĶɵ
ֱص׵ĶһȡУⶫڵйأ
Сģ
꺰
һգǼһԼն˹Ѿһɡ
аգѹ㡣
Į
һ쵽㣬ңʱ򣬹ϵϢȻøӿֲٴطľǰһǿһҡ
⡭
Ȼûȫ
µˣĴŵһͷ治Ǵģ
Ĳ
ʱͬҲݣҪʶˣ
ʲô
漵˶һ
궢ǰһǣʦ㣬
ü²
ﬣ
Ļû˵ʱ䣬һ̶ĽХͬ𶯡
Զ㣡
캮
һһױȵĿֲƺƵһĺɡ֮һеֱֳһѺۡ
ҵ죬ʲôһǰֲĹ
ȻȻնѿˣ
ԻŪ̫˰ɣ죬ѵʶ۷Ϊ
һĻ˽Եۡ
ǹµߵĻ˻ȥԭ˵״̬²ܵס˿̵ĹΪ˿̵Ĺչֳʵ̫ǿˣȻû󵽵ǣһ̣Ȼһ㽫˳ȥ
һ
ҲǾȡ
䵽ԶϵѺһɢиӿѪˮ

죬ɫһ࣬һֱ̫ͬħɽֲ
ͷԼ֣Уâ˸ڷ⡣ɲǼ䣬оеĳ޾·ԿɽʯһС
ն㣡
ƫͷɨǰĸأŲһΣ˲
ﬣ
̧֣һ֮ʱ죬ٴα˳ȥ
ڿбʹѪɫһٱ䣬·Ǽ˰㡣һ̣һŭ𣬽ط߶£ʮһڱն졣
飡
ĵ
һ̣ûʩչرֻ̧е齣Ӳһն¡
һӲİط



תۼѣĶʮһڱȫն顣
һĻ˶ˡ
ͻȻ֮ǰϢ˶ĲᣬȻ˿̣״̬µĹȫ߶طȴǱһеı˸ףȻһ˽һεĸо
ųĴŵǿطȻô
־ŭ㾿ô£
ûҪ㣡

һ˲̧־һһûйȻˣǹɴĽȴǿֲףĽɡ
ٴһն¡
ƶܿһɫȴǸԵѿӰζһĽâһȡһöϣǸ컹ţûֻǣڵսͻȻǿ˺ܶ࣬һ˿
ﬣ
һնĻϡ
ޱ飺ԮƸϲˡ
齣һŹȥеɱһҲΡ
⣡
⣿һһʼ鷳׷ңȴ˵ڵ⡣վŲѹͲˣȻǸ׳գ
㡭
ﬣ
齣񱩽ХһĽɣѪҺ
ն㡣

£ٴο粽һ𣬽һ
沼˸죬ʮĲ
ŭֲĽƣʱûзء
ʮһ죬еն顣

ɫ࣬һȻôٵˣѪȻܷŭһ̣ȴһУ˿̵Ľ̫ڿֲˣڵ͵ֵס˶٣ݺһҧֱӳߡ
ߵ𣡡

Ӱһչֱ׷ȥ
וּһӰ鲼죬ķն
Ǹڡ׷ɱ
⣬ǿˣۻ𣿡
Ҳۻˡ
૵
ųĴͬһ˵Ĺʶ۷ΪȻʶų׷ɱ
ﬣ
̶Ƶʮ
֮⣬¹Ļ潣âһϯ
֮󣬱ػ裡
ŭٶȺܿ죬ɱٵ˲١ðһӣʶΪȴǱڱƵ˵ز̫ˣ
ЦΪ㻹죿
һһתնһĿĽâ쵽¡
֮
ۣ
һΣֱӣֱն˹һֱۣ֮ϱ۽ڿС
ҽУɫ˲ޱȲ԰ס
Ĵͬһˣܱܴܿȷʵǲһ

Ļƽһڹȴɷǳ̶
㣡
ﬣ
شֻĽʮռȫС
һ߻ӽһ߲ǚiһŽߵĺɡʮ⣬ٴκһֱӽնϡ
еĽɢ˿̣սνǿ򵽼£ΧŹһնڹһĽۣһۿȥĿġ
֡죬ס֣ˣֻѹѣûɱ㣡
ǿȻڱѹ˽ٺҲ¶˾⡣
ǣɱ㡣

һŭ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
̣ЦҲ˵Ļ
Źгʱ䣬һɿ񱩵ĽƵɢ
ɽƣֲŻһеɱ⣡
彣ף
ʱ䣬ɫֱӱˣס֣һжáֵͣĴ㣬ɫıһƬ԰ףһγԶȥ
Դˣıޱ仯
ն
նֳڣеĽ̼䱬׻ңңĶŹնȥ
һǰ˲佫߳ȥĹС

ҽһʱ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
âը䣬ѪˮȪ㽦
ɲǼѣ屻ᴩٸѪȵ׻Ѹٽ֣֮һ۲۵Ļˣת۱㱻˸ɸɾֻһЩɫĻҽɢڵϡ


282 εĴ
ɫĻҽڵϣһɷ紵𣬾Զ
ܣһʿļ£סĲŶͷϵ亹
ǸȻɱˡ
ųĴŵһ
죬ʶΪȻܹһ⡭
˶ļ¡
طʵϻŰһڵӣʱЩȴûһҶŵһӶǶ֣ɵȥ
ǿ
Ĺһ˽ǵɴ˫ۡ
ӭûʲôˣŷġ
ż˵ͷ漴תרעĳƬĿտȥ
ˣ
ʱи貵߲
ĶܲΧ߶ս˫ȭҲ˹ȥ
ɨһۣʱ˽һ
֣죬ǿɺû𣡡
ⶫҲһ˵ģҡҲᣡ
ԣԣû
񣬲˶¶ļµı顣
ҵƫͷЩˣǰĴءʱ򣬼ҲԣһǰƬأʱ򣬵µ߲ɫâøŨӵϸѷɢܡ
֪ص⵽ʲô
С
ʲôٹһ֪ˡ
漵
һ˽ΧƬ׿Χһ߶ŵصףһСĵĽ䱸ܡＴʱ˶пܻԼĵˣпܻԼɱ֣ʱǲ˵֪ôġ
Ȼ˵Ŀ⼸ڽ䱸죬غͼɵ֮ɫϾЩ˿ۼնɱ˰ĹطΪǿˡ仰˵ҲΪΣյˡ
ʱһһţܿһʱȥ
ˣ
صɢ߲ʹâ貣֮ǰκʱҪŨ
ңʱһ޵Ľ˷ɢ
ǣ
Ľƣ
˭
˶ý
춢ǰͫһɽ⣬оĺȷȷʵʵǴӵص״ңɽĳ֣еĽƱøɢĹâҲӵĳңѾڡ
죬֡
һ
˿̣쾡ŽнɢĹâȴǱ¶˳
ģǼ꣬Լܣ˶һĻ
ʱȴĹһ˽ǽ
죬㡭ʲô
ｫѲ롭
ôˣɱ
˽ŵ
һ̣󲿷˶ΪҪѪˣֹ֮
ʲôأʦֲŲˣ
ǣ
С֮ĶȾ֮
ԣ
ĹһŮ̸͡
쵹ǲЩʲôֻǽעŸصĵصסʱеĽƱԽԽǹȸҲԽӵǿң·һŻȼգһܵĸо
ͻȻɫ΢䣬̧ͷȥ
ϣ谵ƲƮ˿̣ﾹϢվһŮӡ
ֱϣ
ŶȻܷҡ
ŮЩ⡣
ŮԵúᣬԼʮͷޣġ˫۾Ȼһɫ˵ͫȫͬһּΪаĸо
ͫ΢ſеĺŮӡ
귢Ҳ̧ͷȥʱɫһ䡣
Сʦãôˣ
档
˳żĿ⣬գɫҲǵͱ䡣
֮󣬹漣˶Ƿ˿еĺŮӣǶݡ
һŮӣվϣ
ǿߣ
˽һ
ͬʱطʿ¶֮ɫɵҺΪŮӵ̫ڱ¶صĵطüܲǺȴһʿѪҺڡ
úÿ
һ̣󲿷ʿĿⶼ˹ȥǶãȻ
󲿷ʿУһԭʼ
ŮһӵķӦȻǺ⡣ƶĿ⣬Ůӿ죬ɫ΢˫ۣΪ쿴أܸɾܲ꣬ȻЩһء촽ŮӵĿԱߵļϣΪ˲á
Ż䣬ŮһʱһĹԿ£ꡣ
ĹľˣһּΪ˵ĸʴĿ
һѽ齣һն
ͣ
Ĺⱻն飬ǻƮɢ
źŮ㶯֣Ĺһ˵ɫһ䡣ϿգǰãΪĹȵӣȻ֪ǰǺˣǰղŹŮĹȹ״ӣ벻Ҫ
ʲô
ǸŮӣĹ״ӣ
⡭
ܣ˽Ծ
һ֮״ӣݿɲ򵥡
ŮŹ΢΢ۣڹĻ˿Ҳ⣬·ûһˮ˵ţһ£һΣնңһ֮ǰǵĹ죬һ
ݣ
ֻһ˲䣬ͱƵ˹ǰûܿ
һǚiһչһѽ
ͬһʱ䣬̧ɨһ⣬Ĺն顣
ʲôʲôˣ
Щŭ
ղ⣬ȫǾɱŮ͹ɱ֡
콫קһߣʲôˣΪˡ
ϿգקеĽɢĹâǿЩ
һȭʦ֣ĺã
죺
ҵ˼ǣࡣ
˵
ʲôţ
ࣿ
⣬ʲô˼
ʦ֣ǣǸࡣ
ǰ
˽Բ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ʱܵʿҲ¶ɫ⻰˵ʵ̫ˣΪ۴κһǶȿǶһŮӡ
ϣŮӶ죬˫ۼгһ죺꣬㲻ء
ʱͻȻ
Զһѹתۼѣʯܣͷֲӿ˽Լ֣оŲٴﵽŽ׼޴ڣʱһʿԱɫ
ôôôޣ⡭
ô죡
·סˣ
һ˽Իˡ
ôµѹֱһ
еԴһЩ˿ڣУǰæ
ʱ˶ա
ǰȾǰɣ
ԶԶԣǰæֻǰܰˣǰȺ
ЩǰУһ綹
˹ά
ŮӶſڵļˣЦǼĺܻ˵أǾͰǺˡǽѡŻ䣬ʮĹȻԿ£һ˲Ǵ뵽ڵļʿڡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪըȫըѪҺڸĲϡ
ǰǡ
ʱ˽¶ɫ
üŮ̫ˣǼƺû˵ʲôĻ䶼ǺܹҲɱ֣
춢źŮӣ˸΢⡣
ʱŮƫͷ˹꣬Ҳ𣿡ŮָʯܵһͷͷޣЦĻ⣬ұ뿪ҲãҾɱߵļƯŮӣŶˣȴǸСŮʼɡŮָۣꡣ
һɫʱ
ջζѣ̫Ϊˣ
ĵ


283 ǰ
Ļһʱ˶סˡ
ջΣ
⡭ʲô˼
ΣΣѵ˵
һЩ˶źŮӣɫ
һü죬ѵǡ

˵
ʶڵİ΢΢ҡҷо˺Ůǻ
漺վһ𣬽Ƕݡ
ǣ
˵ڳż̶Ⱥ󣬱ܹΪΣ⡭ѵǡ
ɣôȷأ
գղǼ˽ЩΪԣԱɱˡ
⡭
ܡƺܹ˵ͨ
ε󡭡
ɫԱˡ
ĹһЩͨŮӣһ˲ȫƺվҪȫһЩΨм͹ǰһ첢硣
꣬۹ǶأϣŮ˫ۣĵĶ죺ҵأ㻹ûлش𡣡˵ţŮ̧֣ʱ䣬ܼɱ˸شҲɱߵŶ
һ䣬ֱһնա
ﬣ
̶ĽХص·Ҫռ˺ѿ
ݵһâɲǼŮǰ
㡭
飡
Ůӵɱⱻն飬ҲǱԶ
ĵ˵ˣ̫Ϊǣ
ʱеĽɢĹâԽԽоһԴԴϵӿվǿߣоԼҲ֮һս

վǿߣȻһɨˣ
ʦ
˶סˡ
ǿսĿãǿΣվҲֻǲʶѣƾΪȴվǿɨ˳ȥֱ췽ҹ̷һ㣬ۿ´ڡ
ʱ˽ļ궼סˣ漺˸ĿɿڴΪ˿̵ʵ̫ǿˣȫһʶʿǵսѾʶΣǾ֪ȷʵֻǲʶ찡
⡭
˲䣬Ĺһ˽ˡ
ϣŮסӰٴζʱ˫˸˿˿â
꣬֡
Ů˵
ޱ飬ĮĶźŮӣ֮Ӧ
ˣ
ǰ𶯣߲ɫâø
һǰǱ߸ȥʱ򣬵ϵѷþ޴һЩǹ޵ĽҲøǿƺĶܿҪҲʱеĽƱøȣЩʹ
üгקĸԴ˻ֵĲʡ
ϣŮҲǶסƬأɫ֮⡣
˲õĶ
ŮԼЩ˷ܡ
ʱ˶ڶǰĸأȫͻȻǿĹâ˹ȥ
𣡡
ͻȻʯָڣΧǽԴһʿɫ
Ķǰ̫ˣȫɱ
Ů˵
źŮӵĻ䣬ʯ⣬һȫʱ䣬һɱǻ棬Ǻ޵ͬʱ֯һ
գۼѣʮʿ
ӣӰ

Ҳ
ҽͰ˲쳹ʯ֣˱Ϊᱦȴʱ˶ֻһ뷨ǾǴӳȥܹӳȥͺˣǿɲΪǵĿ
ɫܿЩǣ⣬Щѵٻ
ĹһŮȫűΧһ𣬸¶ɫ
𣡡
ͷǿ޳ĹŮ߱
ˣóȫս

ĹһŮɫ΢ףȴǴӦȻء
ߣһƬƬâǿĽ̼ɢ
ǡ
أ
Ȼˣ
Ĺ˱ɫ
ʱ˿̣ôǿޣȻ׾ʵȫ˳⵱Ĺһ˽ǲ죬û뵽꾹ȻѾ˵أҪ֪ʶصĹҲֻǲضѡ
ϣŮ˫ۣżСŮ޵ʲӦչ¡˵ţҲ֪Ůʲôܶʱи޳Ĺͷż޶ס˼꣬һƬ졣
⡭
龰ʱĹɫ
ﬣ
ʱһ̶ĽХ
춯֣齣һܼĽͬһ㳯ɢȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮɣһ̣ĹڵȫնѪУǶסļͷżޣǱᴩѪˮͬȪӿһ㡣
һĻĹȫסˡ
һնɱ˿ޣУнʮͷżް
ϣŮӶ죬˫ĹŨ̫꣬Źˣʶ㣬ӦþôǿŶԣ죬ҲﲻΡ
ޱ飬ŮӣֱӺ˶Է
ƫͷԶĸأתʯֵһͨ·
С꣬Ҵһڣٶȳȥ
ż
һ̣̫ˣһƬңԽԽ޾ۼΪŮѾ˾ż޵ĲΣվͳǸʱ̫࣬øңټϴﵽվĺŮվϣʵûаھ޴Ļб֤˵İΣԣʱü˳ȥõѡ
أ
ü˼ƺҪ
ҪҪ֮ȥǻϡ

ƬµĶڵйأ뽫֮ȡС
䣬ٶԣƫͷס˲Զһһ˽ʱߵĵ·˿̣Ǹطʮ޶סˣͨгһʱܼĻ潣âɨֱǰ
Ľ
һʮҵĻɨѪҺʱˮ¡
һ˲䣬ֱӴͨ
ߣ
ȵ
üǣһ
Ҳҡͷ֪սǿطϾһͷ˵վټܼȺ³̶ȲԶʱǴͨ·ȴҪԼʵ̫Σˡ
죬òûйϵҪģڻ뿪ȽϺã

Ĺһ˲ɵȻ֪Ŀʲô
õģһ˻ܰȫҡͷ꣬С꣬ߡ
ԥ£ǵͷСģ濴죬漣ֱӳ򿪵ȱȥദʱȻ̫ã˽죬Ҳ죬뿪ΥԸ
Сʦã⡭
˽Ծ
ͷҲأ漿ٳʯȥ
Цſۼֿ꣬죬ֻҡҡͷĹһŮӵߣҪһ⣡ʵϣҲԼǵʵֲסܵȺֻ뿪ܻȥ
ʦ֣Сģ
ʦ֣һҪŰ
ллʦ֣
ʱĹȫȥ
ߣǰ𡣡
ϣŮһʱʮԶһƳżȥ
ΪεĴŮӵʵɺܿ£һƻ£ֲǿĿŤ
Ҳǰ裡
һ
䵭׽âɨ˲Ůӵ֮Զ


284 ս
ŮסΣ˫УĹŨ˼
ŮӵĻ䣬طʮͷ޳ż˳ȥ
ȻЩܵ˺Ůӵʹ
춢źŮӣһɨ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ż˿ʮȫնͷż۷ڡ
źŮӣĮĵȰ㣬ù
·ˣ죬ӣ
طʿҺȫնӿȥ
Щʿԣնһ֮Ż
𣡡
ܿ콫һ
ʱ䣬ҽٴһʿ˺ѣΪǵĸв͡
죬ǣ

ִ֣ˣҲǴһ·ɣˣ
ʿ־壬ȡ
ɨܣطԼһٶʿ඼ɢޣɢޣΪȻߣû˴ﵽʶ硣ʱЩǿޣЩʿ϶ûз֮תۼв˱˺飬ܲҡ
ԥջ̧˳
ﬣ
ĿĻ潣âɨ;еȫ
һͨʯĵ·ٴն
ʱ˶¶֮ɫ
лطʿһѷĳնȱڳȥ
ȱֻһһЩ˳˳ȥȴΪ޳ٴνȱڶסˡ
ֵܣ
˴󺰡
ʱ򣬼˶ϣϡ
ü齣𶯣֮âʱƶ
̫ˣ࣡
һ
һ̧齣ʱѹȥ
ŮԿ£鲽ǰ
ƫͷŲԶȥ£߲ɫâøŨĶƺرѾû˶پ롣
ᱦ

ŮӶ죬ԭȻıʧӰ٣ɫĮ
ѵΪΪ˺棿
췴ʡ
Ůһ࣬ŵЩͷˡ˵ţŮӳƬһۣ໹һʱĶͻ֮ǰȽˣ㻹һЩȤ
ˣ
𶯣Ů⣬ʱлɫ
һʵ
ݣ
ɫͬһӿ̼ǻһɱ˹
̧齣ֱһ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
潣â֯ɨʵķ顣
˼
Ůӵ
Ż䣬һΣŮӱɱ˹һ졣
ɫŮӵٶȿЩˣһ˲ǰʱֻȭһȭӭźŮȥ
飡
ȭײһ˵ƺߡ
ֻоһ飬һɴֱ۴ĺʮ齣סΣٴζźŮӣ˲١ԭ޻ΪʱǿȻήͲ٣ȴ룬Ůӵôǿ
ವһʱŮٴѹ˹
ˣ
ɫƮ·һƬɵƲ㣬ȫ¡
ǚiˣ齣һ𣬵潣â
ͣ
ͬˮԴ˰㣬еȫն顣
ŮӶ죬ɫУâת࣬㵽ô£ʶصԲôǿӦܵס⹥
˭֪ء
쵭Į
ƫͷһߵĸ棬߲ʹâŨеȸҲǿ
ţ
Ůߡ
һһɰԺŮڳʱƬʯֶΪ֮һʿһһ̣ЩʿѾǿ־岻ѣȴǱŮӵǿϢ
⣬Ŀǿ
ѵҪ
Ҳ
˿־塣
Ұվվȣľ
ǰĺڷ趯ϵıȴû˿仯
ն
ƿܼ֮Ļɫ۳ɽն
齣𶯣ֱʩչʽ彣һɨ
䣡
ʣϯʮ
쵭Įı飬ŮӵɫЩ䣬ʱǿ󣺡ʶѣվңȻû˿η壬˲ã˵һɫٶϯݺѹ¡
齣ʩչʽбն£һΣŮչֲľˣȻΪʹ˿̵ǿ࣬ȴǱĵˣɰܵ𵴣˿˿Ѫ


ŮƺϢĻᣬֱѹ˹ûбֻǻӶ˫֣һƣһצǿĿ˶ǿµٶȸǸȥ˼Ϊصĸš
飡
Ƭ̺һαķɣؿڴһָӡ
Գס壬ǵѪû˿仯
ˣȴǺܳأεĴȻ£ΪƵĹϵǿ˺ܶ౶ȴɲŮӵĶ֣ս˲١

ʱܵĲҽڳݺᣬûʿܹӵĳȥ
ŮӶ죬˰ɣĽ֣һ
վֱ壬ɫһƬƽ
̫Ϊǣ㻹ɱҡ
Į
Ůɫһ䣺ѼӲҾͿܹ֧Ŷã˵ţŮͬһƮ˹ȥתۼٴǰһƳȥһƿɲǼ򵥵ܴž˵⣬Ե÷ǳ¡
ǚiˣһն
ûã
Ůһнâ
ʱüķһƬƬʱ鲼ܡ
ͦڣϧɲãŮӵĹû˿仯ȻһǰȻһΣȴǲκθţֱӴ͸ƣ⵱ɫһ䣺ǣ
ҽ𣬺Ůֱӵɡ
ն

Уܼİ۳ɾűֱĳźŮնȥ
ŮܴվֻǱһƬûʶܿǻָ˹
žűɱŮӿܣǰ࣬Ȼֱ˵ҵʶ㵽ǡǰŮӺɫһ䣬ΪӰȻʧˣǰҰڡ

һںŮ
㡭
飡
źŮܰļ϶ʩչǚiŮһź˳ȥŮɨɽʮԶ֮ٴʶԦűű߷ɵĺŮնȥӾŸͬķն¡
࣡Ůŭٴֻſ񱩵ĻɫϯʮŮɲǼԭʧһ̾Ȼǳǰݺһȥռ䶼Ťƣȥ
ŮӴ˿̵ٶ̫ˣɫٽ齣ǰ

һ죬齣ϣŮӵҲؿڡ
һЩ£ʱѪɣݺײڲԶһʯϡ
ѵվоˣɫһƬ԰ס
ȻûŮɫһղһƣûôʵ˵վ֮κ˶ܲ˲ŶԣӲһƺȴǻɫøӱ䡣һһ絽ǰһѹ£ѾѾˣһƣ·
Ǹղŵƣ
ӿѪѾ޽ɫȴû˿仯ͬһӭȥ


285 ر
ȻԳӭԼƣŮһ㶣漴Ц
꣬ȷʵ򵥣ȴ̫֪ˣҲ뿹ҵƣ
Ůӵ
䣬Ϊ֮𶯣ŮĳƱø˼֡
Ц׻Ԫסƣǰ
һֻ໥ӡһ

ҽ˲𣬺ŮӴ𣬼Ƶֱ۶ʱѪܣͬ˰˳ȥ
Ҳǲ£ٴοȳѪ
ȻŸջΣճڣȴͨճʿǿ̫ˡ
а
ؿڣ̲סһо·Ҫɢ˰㡣
ԣ˿̵վ³޵Уܹվʿǵվǿսһʱŷ֣߼սǲһЩһսɴơ
ԶŮվŨŨ׹⣬֮˸ѾʧӰ٣࣡꣬ڴﵽվ磬ɹΪΣս֮ͬʿǿ࣬ƸǿֶΡ
ڣһʶʿȻƾųֱ㵲סǿƣҽ֮˻˳ȥ־ŭΪ֮ǰнʱ򶼻סһƣǳֺȴ˵أ
㵽ʲôˣʲôֶΣ
ŮŭһʶʿԲôǿ
ɨ˺Ůһۣش
޽ʱʩչĽҪƽǿһ࣬ټϽʱղһȻǿľˡʵ˵Ůֻһ֮ˣֱ۶δ۶ϣⷴоȽϾȣվ治򵥣ǣҪͬʿǿ౶
ŲԶȥӵص׳߲ʹâøǿЩƺĶϾҪ֮ͷŮӣɵüͷΪ˿Ѿ˵ıȽأϾ֮ǰӲ˺ŮӵһƣȻ齣ųһһԳܡ
ʱսѾǴۿۡ
Ԫ໹ܼһӡ

һļתٰ塣
õǵµĶ죬Ů¶һĨЦΪʶʿ㵱ˣȴҲ򲻿ܣգֻһ
䣬طһ
ɲǼѣԭڹɱʿǽͣȫźŮӿ˫޴ȫס죬ǴѪĹâҲʱʯܵĲȫÿտһʿһ㶣Ǵϲ
ӣ
죡
ܰ
˴С
ʱûŶᱦ·ɱǽȥȫʯȥֻѣƬԭܿտʯֻʣһʿȫʯ⡣
ŮɨһƴȺһȺҶѣ˱ˡ˵ţŮӵĿٶϣЦڣΣ˿̣޽Χƾ
Ϊƾɱң
ޱ顣
ŮۣɱȷѣķսӦúܼ򵥰ɣ
ɫʱ
ŮһЦ˺һɱ
ʱ䣬һ졣
Ůӳ˾ż޵ĲΣѾΣԼ򵥵ͳͨǣ˿̣ںŮӵ£һȫ죬Ǻη
ɫ΢Ԫһʮڱʱ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
رǿ似˿̣ʮڱݺύնɱʮͷǿޡͬһʱ䣬гһеĽƵӳ£һնɲǼ佫ͷżķѡ
һĻ־ģȴǷɱϡ
𣡡
һѹ
ôޣвż޵ĴڣȻչرȻ˿нƵӳ֣ȴҲɲôöԸıȴʼպĮгһδնʮڱһδκ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪƬռｦ䣬Ⱦ˴Ƭر
Լȥ֣նɱ˴룬ʣµԿ־岻ѡ
žžž

ŮӴ߳۶죺ڣ㻹ʣ
΢΢ϢűߺᵹʮʬʮڱѾʱľĵĺأѾ֧ſر
źŮӣûаȴʱԪѾʣ޼Ȼн֧ţȴҲܵסԷϾŮӿһֵվ
ı飬Ůɫһ
ͷһ侲ӣ˲ãٶ˽㣡
Ȼ䣬һɿ񱩵ϢӺŮڳɵɢʮתۼѣŮʧԭضһʮɳĺɫ򼣬ľˡ
ͫһǺŮӵı壿
࣬ɡ
һӾдǺŮӵ
ʮ죬ֱһƬɳٶȿľˡ
ɫ̧𳤽Ȼն¡

նϣȴֻǷһ죬·ǿڽʯһ㡣ͬһʱ䣬һɴ͸һ˳ȥ
ֳǹȻ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ࣡
ҧ
ʱѾٴɱ˹
ǚiٶͽȻΧž򼲻նгȻԷľеı˵Էֺÿһն¶ֻǽƬǻ֮⣬ǽԼЩ顣
࣬Ĺ˰
򼴫
䣬Ĺøӿνɡ
ҧʽ߶£һδնǰֻǺܿϧֳĺŮ̫ǿˣ˿̣ԪҪݽߵ£˲Է
飡
һΣ챻һɨɣݺײڲԶһʯϣвӿѪ
Ա֧վԪѾҪ׿ݽߡ
ýˣһ˽㣡

ɫܣʮˢˢˣŮӻɵľ졣
ʱʯͻȻ߲ʹâֱ
Զؿһ鿪һȭͷС߲ʹâͬһС̫㣬˸ڱԡ
ʱ䣬ŮӻľͣҲɫݡ
ˣ
߽ͷ󶯣ͬʱ߲ʹâȥ
࣬
򼴫ɫβ
ɫԳ񵲣һ㱻˳ȥһκݺײڲԶһʯϡһΣ˶Ƕʯоͷ
ವƿ֮ʱŮӻľѾ߲ʹâԣֱһڽ֮ȥɲǼ䣬һһĴЦǿҸоˣǿ̫ǿˣ
ŴЦҡһ䣬ٶȻ˺Ůӡ
䣡
һɺ춯ذӺŮڳȶζ
ǿǿ⵽ʲôȻôǿ󣡡ŮӶԼ˫֣˷ܵĽ˲סķ˭ҵĶ֣ʲôҲģͳҲûⰡ
ֲһĴӺŮڳĴزϻζɳ졣
ܣһɪɪʱȫ¶־֮ɫ
ңԶԶ˳ȥȷƱãԶݡ

ɫúѿû뵽ص׵ĶȻŮӶ˹ȥ
˽г˼תʱֻ˼ˡ
ˣ
ͻȻеĽƷǿĹâԼ䣬ֲһɫʡ
쵱һֻоַ·Ҫ˰㣬һɾҵʹС
ҲʱǰЦŵĺŮ͵һĿֲϢ̼ûֱŶӣĲҽС


286 
ҽͻأʮ޽һǲԶҲ⡣
ǰһ̣Ůӵõ߲ʹţԾأȻһ̣ȴǲҽ

ŮӰڵϷĳ鴤
ô£
Ůӷ񷭹
˫ŶӣŮ˺˲١
ԶоеĽƱøȣٶźŮӴ˿̵Ĳ״ɵüɫЩŹ

ŮӲҽУ˻ڵϲϷ
Ȼʹȴƺûм
һŮٴչ壬һʮɳľ޴ʱ֣ˣ״ȻڳʮɳĵرһѺۡ
ô£

Ůʱչ壬ʱǣҽȴʼղֹͣ
ԭ׼뿪ɶһĻȴֹס˽Ų
ˣ
ʱеĽƱøȣâøӳҡ
˵𶯣ǰŮٴչһΣ޴ת߲ɫâ漴۵һһ߲ʹâƿ丹˳
Ѫˮ䣬һڵϣδ̾ȥ
ˣ
߲ʹâƮڿУɢŵâ˶
һеĽͻأҵĹâн
ʱǰ߲ɫ΢΢һͬһС㣬ʩʩȻƮǻǰǰ³
⡭
ͷһ
ڵ߲ʹâйأ
춢ǰ߲ɫâֻȭͷСͬһֺ̫һֺůĸоϵƷ·Ҳڷٵ޸һ˶٣ǻ֣÷ŵȭͷС߲ʹ¡
ˣ
߲ʹ𶯣ͬԼʶ㣬쾹Ǹоһɻõ
һ̣ವһ߲ʹг£һС
䣡
̼䣬һŨ߲ɫâʱ֣ټٴ𶯡
ϯʮط˵Ľ⸲޾񷡣
ԶŮӵԻ˳ڵϣѪɫ־ŭĶ죬е衭裬ֹ˺飬Ƕ
죡
Ůӽе
ܣʮ޾ܿ־壬ȴΥŮӵ˻һѷ䳯ȥЩҴޣ󲿷ֶǾżΣ˿һ뱼񱩵ίʵЩˣͬһɫĺ˳ѹȥ
ɫһ䣬ʶĶֳ̧ǰȥ
ﬣ
̶ĽХһʱ
ʮͷڵһʱ仯Ѫҽжûлᷢͬһʱ䣬ʮʯ־̮һɵĹֳڵϣ͵һϡ䣬ƺǰĿռ䶼ˡ
⡭
Ĳ
ֻǼ򵥻ֶѣȾ˵ƻζıˣ
ǡεȳ̶ȵ
ԶŮͫףɵһ£϶ʱ޾־ǡ
ô⡭
ŮӶ¡
һ̣˵Ƴһ߲ɫڳֱӹᴩϿյĻƲУһ˲ѣȵֱӱȾ߲ɫ

¡¡
𶯣ͬ˳㣬Ϊ֮̿֡
ʯ⣬굱ɫ
һɹɿʯĻɳʱһɿ־С
ΪϢ̫¡
Ϊ컹棡
죡
겻ɵýֱȥȴǱԱߵĹ
СʦãҪ
˿񱩵ƣκļ£Ҫȥ˲ᱻ
ʦֻ氡
Ϣô£߲ɫĹѵǡ
ر𣿡
ʦֲ°ɣ
⡭
ĹһŮӶɫ
˲ϴʯ𵴶ټʯ־ǿʼڽڱ顣

ѹ֣˼
һϿȣ˿̣Ͽ⣬һߵʯ
ʯ𶯣һɼΪֲϢĴҡεĸһ̣Ũʯڴڳϡ䣬·޾ֲ˻
УǼһɹ
ŭ


ˣ
ʯһΣܼɢĻӣʱѹ

һ̣Ȳ˶ˡ
ɲ̫ǿˣôǿĲվҲ˰
涼ڻζ⡭
죬ʲô
ȸ䣬˶ɫ
ãĵƽϣһĻʯֵķвɵ¶ЩâǸطѵر䣬һԾճʯֵķȥĽףֻǰץסǸСӾУʱ仹磬ȥ￴һ

ʯڵĿΪģ˵һһ
һ̣߲ɫâȫֻо·Ҫȼ
ʶɨӼֻ߲ʹû˲ǳʶһ̣ʶķڷ·һɽʶײʶڵİȫҡҷһ޴Ĳʶɡ
ﬣ
һХ
עԼʶڣȥֻʶײһð˳βǶŵ𶯣һΣ𶯳ľȻǽʶڵ߲ʹ˲䱻˽ȥ
⡭
΢
ʧڵǱɫȻʶײ˳
Щ죬һ̣죬˹ȥ
һ̣ǰ߲ɫâѾȫ
𶯣ģһЩı䣬ڵĽ徹Ǳһصĵ֣·ǿӡڽϣֺȻɣһʱǽ˹ȥЩƣ̫ˣ
וּһ߲ʹɢܡ
Լĳߣʱ߲֯ʹâͬһʥԴסء
۾ɵ
ֱһ񽣣
ˣ
΢ܼ߲ɫâƬʶÿһӿȥ
һʱоԼʶʼ
Щ߲ʹâǾ˵
ļ¡
û˿ԥתļʼʶڵЩ߲ɫâʶͬһʱ䣬һƵ߲ɫâʶǣļǴ뵽Ѫ͹ڣǡ
ˣ
У⿪ʼɢâ
ǣЩ߲ɫâǷǳֻʮѣе߲ʹâȫʧʶٴηڣһ˳
ʶ죿
һ
ʮѣȻֱӴʶԽʶ죡
ֱǷԾʽĽ
˫ȭоӿȵֻһϲ


287 նɱ
ſȭʱ˵ķϲɢĶ߲ʹâΪõǱøǿᣬһ̣оԼǿʵķԾǿ

ԶһĨɳ
ʶڣ΢΢һΣһ߲ʹ⣬ֱûʶײ
ɲǼ䣬ʶ󳹵
⡭
΢굽ʶˡ
һ˶ʶת뽫ٻȻʶײȴǶ񽣣һҲӦ
ʱЩԣòƣڸ޷ȥ
ˡ
ҡҡͷʶڳ˳
ԶŮӺڵϣң༡¶˳Եޱջ󡣲죬ŮӵɫȴǺѿԵЩ
㾹ҵĶ
Ů
ŮӸһƬѪ죬Ѫˮȴǲû
üγɹޣǿľˣ߲ʹâƶǶȻû
ң
ŮɭɭȻĶ졣
ޱĿźŮӣ㣬һ˼ôߡ
˵ţһһźŮӱ˹ȥ
ŮӶʱɫһŭɱң
أ
쵭Į
ŮӵıԵ÷ŭվȻһʶεӣĪ衣һŭֱչ壬һʮɳľ򼣺Ƕȶ㣬һлҵģ
һŮӻľһ磬ֱſڳҧȥ
ֻɲǼ䣬ǰ

򼴫
ޱ飬һչǺԶܿ˾ȳζѪڣ漴û˿ɣճȭ״ͷ­ֱӺȥ
һȭھͷ­ϡ
飡
һ죬ڻİ㣬ֱӱҷɣȥɶԶ
󣬲ҽ⴫
ú󣬲ҽŭ
࣡
Ůӽ񣬰붯죬ɱ
ɫԵЩĮǚi˫ȭһδλӳŮӻľײһ𣬲ϷԼȥʮץסһֻ㣬ȭӳݺھĸ
һٴκɣһȳѪҺӿ˳
ǣԿճǿˡ

ȭͷʱоʮš
Զ𣬻ɵʱӿȥ
˵㣬ʲô
˵
ǚiһչܿһźھϡ
һſЩݣֻϣٶȷҽС
ٴζ죬һƺ֮ɫֱſƬɫҵıԴվǿһҲᵱԣʧȥֻʶѣ㡭˵ţͻȻ
ɫЩ죬ȻȴƽصҲûС
㣬û¡
ǸʧˣЧ

һٴγھǰٴһȭڶԷĸ

Ѫٴκɡ
һΣ˿־壬ٶȻΣû˿ԥ˵壬ֱճԶߡ߲ʹâƶǶܵ˿ɲᣬʱ죬ȫû˷ֻѡˡ
̧ͷɫ˿䣺ʼߣлᣬڣˡ
ﬣ
ʮڱǰ
ʮڱۼǽʣµıŮӴӰ£һ׹űߡ
㡭
Ůŭ
һ̣Ů˵ˣΪʮڱȫ
쵭ĮĸźŮӣڣΡ
ŮӺݺݲ£â֣Ҫٴֳ塣
չҲá

һһȭ£ֱںŮӸ
ŮӲҽУµĵ涼ѿ˼϶
㡭
ﬣ
̶ĿڱɶᴩŮӵ֫
ŮӲҺ֫⣬ת裬ٻ
ȡһյı
һĻŮӶʱ¶־֮ɫҪɱң
ڲɱ㣬ƻָѰұɱң
쵭
Ů۵ٻһĨɭ⣬漴ҡͷᣡҷģֻҪڷŹңһ鷳ҿ԰£룬иվߣⶼӭжԲԣ
춢źŮӣû˿
۵׵ɱ⣬Ϊһ
Į
Ů͵һɫʱ࣡ſңſң
ֱ֣䡣
ۣ
Ůӵͷ­б˳ȥѪˮӿȾƬر
źŮӵĲʬҡҡͷʮڱ
ʿˣѪȺɱ¾ϲɱ¾ǲòɱ
ɨһܣתʯȥ
ͻȻŲһ٣̧ͷԶգһӰٽӽһɲǱ˽ǰӰһߣ壬ɢϢȴǿ
վǿߣ
üͷһԶ˶٣ߡ
ﬣ
һ£նűߡ
ɫ΢ƫͷУŻĮ
ǰ˵ǸСӣ벻ȻǡɻȡһФͼ£漴Ը߿ոѹ֮ǰ⣬С֮ǰ߲ʹô¡
ɨһ׹ڵϵФͼһģһ
΢䣬ŻߵѹңҺԹ
Ϸû˵ѹ㣬ֻǺͰĽףҪ㡣ЩͣСشϷ⣬ط֮ǰǲ߲ʹǲرϷ⣬ٳԵƤ֮ࡣ
һǰ
קקȭͷĵһŨŨɱ⣬гһգһҪ˰
СϷ㻰ش𣡡
ߺȵ
̧ͷ¶ɫҪѹңȴŴҿеõ֪ĶһͻȥˣԴˣֲͷϣҲ
߶ʱɫһ˵ʲô
ˣ
ʵ
һζֱԸ߿ǰ
֪ߵغС
ɭȻһƳȥ
ЦһȭӭϣΪǵϻ
һȭûа㱣ȫ
飡
ȭӣʱһ졣
׻ŵŵŵĺˣֱ˳ȥԶסΡ
ٴζ죬ߵɫˣ˼飺ʶѣȴпվǿߵǣ


288 ׿ʦ
Щ⣬ɫɵñ˱䣬Ȼһʶʿ˳ȥ
ˣǵģǷƿо˵

һɫȴǲ䣺ƿ񣬺ϲйϵ𣿡
ɫһֱӳǰѹȥ
߿ǶʱȴǿľˣѸʼӳһǿ̫ࡣ
ȭֱӭϡ
ײһ𣬵һ졣
о΢΢Щ飬Ժһһȭ¡
ǿνǼǿᣬȫʩΪ£˫ȭϾǸһ㵭Ԫ֮⣬߲ײ
飡
飡
飡
ȭƲϽ棬ֱĿ˶
ۣ˼Ȼ˼ȻܹǿϷ򿹺⣡˵ţһ䣬̼ǿԪתϷ֪£һʳ㲻ڣͱ㿪ڡ
ˣ
ߵ˵âһץĳĿռ䶼Ť
жһ彣ֱնϲĶʳʲô붼룡彣ն£̼䱬Ļ棬ͬһʱ䣬üĴâ˸һֱնߡ
΢΢ݣǰ˵ֱӹɱʶĶ
һȺϲĸ»ͦࡣ

˶ֱն¡
һܿץǡ
䲻ݷĳ˳ȥնצ
ٶȲ
ӱ
˵ţָ֣̽УɢŨԪ⡣һɲǼ䣬һͷΰľӥӰû˳Ϭצӷ˺ĺ
Ȼһٴն彣
䣡
ĿĻâ֯죬һƬѹߡ
ֻǺܿϧߺǿһצ˺һС
찵ߺǿȫʢʱڵҪǿ࣬ΪǴ죬ĴŵˡŻߵĹȫӭʽ߶ƿصļޣ潣鲼ʮ
ͬһʱ䣬ݺᣬߡ
ֻǣߵٶ̫죬ԲжԷѡ
ȥǰ취
ק˻ʩչǵ˲ߣ᲻Ϻķʶ
߳ǰĮˣҲãֻļʹΡʵʵ﷢ʲôңٽе֮Щұ㱣֤һëĽ㽻
Цһϼһ㶺˰ɣҽܻ𣿷Ҫⲻһëʲôã˵˵⻰¶ȴɨĻ潣âϯߡ
ɫһԲƤ֮࣡
ҪˣƤ֮ʲôҡͷϼһ㱾ĩˣһջûСô˵Ҹ﷢ʲô㣬һ˰ɱˣܹĶ˵ţ¶һĨֻǣ𡣡
Ӷٺ
ˣ
߻֣ʱɫ֣Ǵӿն츲С
һ
һ̣ٴ¶ɫɫº󣬾ǻһ֮ܣȫԶ
ǿʦ
ɫ΢䡣
տӡ磬Ҳײβ
Щһרп꣬ǰﵽײΣ˵в̫󣬲һССʶʿ֮Ҳˡ
˵ţ߳ȥȻǽ쵱֮⡣
浱Ǵ׵ĸˣ
Żһ䣬ȫâһǷתԴԴϵӿ̼仯һгնȥնķѡ
ɫһ䣺Ȼƣٴδ죬һҲǿʦҡĽˮ׼ܹ׽ƣޱȾȣĽˮ׼Ŀ󣬻߸𺳣㿴ʮѣôôǿĿ
ʮﵽĽ׿ˮ׼ܹƣûһļ£ݹ۹ʷҲǴδй
Ϊиﵽĺʦ

͵һ˵㣬ʦǴ˵е۷ʦ۷ʦνﵽ˾Žˮ׼ĿʦȼĿʦǿĿֲǿĽаּ̧ܻٵһӴš
ߣÿɷ
ܹһǿĿʦʦ¶ԷȻֵȥ
ƺ׼и۷弶ʦ˸Ǽɵѹ֣ѹССͱ˾˵Ŀˮ׼Ȼ۷弶ʦʦǣǿֻڴ˵еﰡ
ߵ񲻶ϱ仯ģһƷ񣺡˵۷弶ĿʦƿϹŴ˵еϡƣǽƣʦһ˰ɡ˵ţһȥ̫ˣץЩƶңķЩӣҵĿ߲Σ
䣡
һƳĵ涼ζ
һ̣ʵչñ޻¡
ɫһ䣬һԭűһ۷ʦʦвԷȴԷڼɵһ󣬾ȻҪץƣŻߣȵ϶㲻ʦֱֺ
ĽŲһ٣ȻǴűܵη塣
Ͼһ۷弶ĿʦǸǻԴȪ
ק˫ȭһβϵı任ƺ뵽ʲôʱһ𣺡ȵȣ۷弶ʦǴļôܻƬ۷ʦͬʱƬʱ֮ųЩ⣬òֻͨɾϵʿпܿʱŻϲҲ˵㲻ܽϲ򣬼Ȼˣ۷弶Ŀʦʦ
΢аһϻ˼άôôܣ
죬ߵ۹ޱ˷ѵѵƬõϹʱȥ۷ʦĴУ΢ɫ߱Ǹӿ϶ԼĲ룺Ӧ
ٴζ죬߷ЦҲ
˵ţת˸ӿֲƣʱɫٱ䡣
ƣѾﵽ۷ˣ
һǚiתߡ
̫ǿˣټһ׿ʦܶԿ
ಣ
ٶȺܿ죬ǚiȫʩΪ£ֱӻһԶ
߲ˣ
һչΣֱ׷ȥ
һӶһߴȣ϶ڷиʦҲվ۷壬Ҫֶ֪ԸңһŪ㣡ίʵЩ£ȰҪǿڿʦʦʶƺŰϾƹв
ϷʮĿʦ᳤ܻηʦһϷץ֮ǰѾ֪ǸʦĴڣԣԴвϷʵʵ־ܣпϷͷŹ㣡


289 
Ͼƹһųвߣ֪ߵŶôǿŶԷԣбǸߵݾȻ˲һ㣬ȻʮĿʦ᳤ܻ
İ
ҧ
ʵû뵽Ϊ˶ԸȻﶼ˳һ룬Ӧǰǿܵ˷ڵļӺǣƣ
ʱûԥٳԶȥһ۷ʿټͬʱ׿ʦһԿǿˡ
ಣ
ƿ֮ǚiһ˲佫ʮԶ
ٶȣȻվĻ߶Ϊ֮ľ漴˸˸Ӿ˵ĹâǵԼȫұ뿪Ὣ㽻ӲΪ㣬Σ
ҽЩֱ֮Ӿͻɱҡ
Ц
ֲɵߵĻ
ɫһʶô
ߵĿЩͣƣǴ˿ȴǿļ£ֻһԾϲ񷣬һƻӳһ޴ӡ̼
䣡
켹һٺһߣӡ˲ڵϣһ졣
һѷʮȫѿˡ
վʿ涼Ǳ̬
찵
ûκγɣǚiʩչޣ⣬ٳԶȥǵãͿóӦȵǸȱڴֻҪ¡
Ȱڴܣ֮ǰյµӵĴ֪ĳЩϢѾ˽ͨڵ·ˣ壬ɡ
ߺߵ
һͻȻ֮ǰԴĳ
˵յµӴʱ¡

뵽첻ɵЩջ
ջĲȴû˿ͣ٣ĸЩ
ͣ°ɣӲϷġ
ߵ
һȭӽӳȥ㿴
С
ɫһ
˵ţǳĳһơ
䣡
ӡУĿռ䶼Ťһɿ񱩵㽫ֱƷ˳ȥ
п˼ڴǲȥˡ
ﬣ
̶һâɨë
ǚi˸ٶȿ켫ȴǱһЩʱ䱻ĿѪƫͷߣֻԷжһ
ϲģ
찵
վǿߣټϿ߳սֱҪ
â˸ϣһ縡֣˸ڹԡ
Ͽƣ

켹һоǰĿռ䱻ݸˣͻơа׳̶ȵĿʦϿӡ磬ΰȻܿ¡
ݺҧһתӿһȭǰȥ

һ죬ϿֱӱӲ顣
ûԥٶߡ
Ǹľ˵ϹʱĿһϻ֮ѵֻ뵽ߵ˫۶ʱøӷһ̰Ĺâ֣βס
úúãҲ
˵ţٶȱø졣
ﬣ
һâֱĳնȥ
ٶȲν죬վǿߣʵԵֵ
飡
ܿâȴУʱʮԶ
Ѫˮ£ֻо·λá
ʱѾһο˹
СеĿϷһ·
߳
ĸף
һ䣬ͷߡ
ߵɫɱøӱ̧־һֲĽâš
оͷҲһء
ಣ
ٶȿ켫һԾԶ
ߵٶȸӿһЩ
飡
һΣ챻ɨɣо߹Ƕ˼
ֻǣȴǲ˿ͣžʹٴζߡ
İʱ׷һ·ɶݣⴴвѪУγԹʶڵǱȴãʶײ֮ԴһҲ

а˾䣬ĲӸӿЩ
СɣӲˣαǿųԿ࣬ϷһУʹ졣
ߵ
ɫѾ΢Щ԰ףٶԶ
ϼһң
ҧ
ֲ̫ˣʶ۷Ϊ׿ʦټһںΪһ壬ֱǸ֡
Ϸڸᣡ
ߵ
ָ֣̽칳Ŀ죬ץĺ
ܱܿһȴǸо˾ҵʹС
ϼһҵģ

лһĨɭ⣬ֱӵת򣬳һطȥ
ȥ

וּһһɨͷ­նһغڷ
ֻüǿд߶ǚiٶȱøһ˿
٣Ȼƿо˵
ðâ
£߱øӼһЩգõһھ޴ıء
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյӰٳԶȥ
ѪߵĽ˺˲٣ʱʱʯȡ޸壬ЩɽĹõž˵Чá
ܿ죬ɫ䰵
漴±
Ӷݣһתۼǹȥһһҹʱǲ߲ݵӶݣĻһپһʶʿѣȻܹǿ߼׿ʦ֧ôã⿰ˣ
һ죬ǰĿøӻǣӳʪ
Сൽ˰ɡ

ҧȷʵһһҹķɶݣܲԱָ˿̵ԪҲѾǵ˿ݽߵıԵҲʱקȭͷԶһϿȳҰڣһ۾ͿϿǷʯ
ⷽʯռһĻĻӰܵһɿ־塣
ֻǣɨһ׷Ļʱ۵׶ʱһ⡣
ಣ
ݺҧٴ٣ɲǼϿȱԵԽʯԶ
ʱͣ
ôˣ˵ԪѾĸɾˣӡ
ߵ
죬һĮı飬򶨴ݡ
ϼһ˵һΣң
캮
ߵĮһЦͷ˻˵ֻ㣿ұΣһᣬԼһƱʡʩԿ̣ǻֻҪʵϷϷ֤ʹʹȥ
˵ţ߳˹ȥ
϶
ҧ
пٻһĨ⣬תһնʯ
â켫̼նʯ֮ϣʯӦϡ
ʲô
߲⡣
һ̣͵һ˫ͫʱһŨŨĿ־帲ǡ
䣡
زŤϵƲֱɢ
˲Ϣѣһɺʯ³ȶ


290 Ͼƹ
һ˲㽫񷶼סˣȥԭԵЩ谵ȶʱںһƬɫͬǦưѹڲ񷡣
䣡
һ̣ȶ𶯣һѷ첻סɢȥ
ļ£˲һɾ⣬ǣ˵
ʲô
ŭ
ߵʵǿ󣬵ϢҲֻǿ־Ĳڣɿ񱩵ܣƺռ䶼ˣһҲܶ

ʱٴηڡ
⣬ֲˣǷʲô
һÿֲ
ɫվȻɫ
иħ˲ɣ
⡭
ڣ˽ļ¡
˶
ͬһʱ䣬һڣɫ䡣
Ǹط궯ݣǰﾭоǸطĿֲǴǸط𡣶ɫǲ԰Щ죬ȥˣһǰʵ̲סȥʯѰ죬ǳĵ޵Ĳ⣬ûѰӰ

ͻֲλãֹס
ģ
ŭɫȴޱȲ԰ס
¡¡
ڲռŤɫԵص׳
һ˲䣬Ƭռ·𴫳һ޵
ʱȥ̫ˡ
ͻȻһĮԵص׳
˵һռ侹һ졣
ԶһֻоһشԼؿڣֱһѪ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲûõȥֱӱڵأǱ
˽ǲȻĶǰ
ʯ鿪ĵطĻɫУĵӰԻ˳ɫĮ˫ӣͬǿһ㣬·Ҫһжû
һ̲סˡ
ǰǰĻӰһγ֣ĵӰֻ·һͷͷȾѪĵ棬һ߾߲Ƶʬǡ
̲ס˿Һһһľĸо
㡭ǡ
߿־塣
ĵӰϣӸӶ¡
ࡣ
һӰ̧֣۶һɿµĲʱɢ
ɫһ䣺㣬ҪʲôʮĿʦ᳤ܻǡ㡭Ǳ
ϣֵ̧ߣͫв˿Įľ
ۣ
һ£ֱӽû
ԶֻһѪɢ漴ߵӰʧ˸ɾ
һĵӰֱ
ϣĵӰļΪ˶ɫĮɨȣɨϿʱŻֱκ󣬷˵ͷĮĿϡ
͵һֻǶ˵ĿѣһֽҪϢĸо
λǰʯǷ˳
ӲͷƤ
ĵӰȻǱʯѹţһ㣬ϣܹһ档
ϣ˵ıû˿飬Įޱȡ
֮ǰֲ̧֣̻۶
һɫٱ䡣
⣬༸Ҫӣȴܶ˷ռ·ȫסˣûлߡ
ȻôֱӵĶ𱨣ֻϲİǣ
ֱӴ
ϣĵӰɫĮڣ
ͣ
ռŤֻ˲ѣ⿿˽ǰ
ɫҰףʱ¶֮ɫҪ˵˿̵ԪѾݽߣ۷壬ǿʮٱҲû˿տԵסˣĵӰعƶͨɾϵĴڣˣǱ֣֮

ҧأǲʡ
ͻȻǰĿռŤһ㵭Ļӿֱ֣ӽⵯ˳ȥ
ʹһ𣬽ǰĹĻɻ
ʱһϤϢϿմֱ̧ͷȥ
ʱ䣬ɫһϲ
ϼһ
һԲϻ£Ʋһƺ«ĳ衣
ȻϾƹ
Բ£Ͼƹߣִͷ
ˣ
һ㵭âӿûڡ
΢𣬶ʱڳһޱصӴֻһ˿ȴ·Ǻڰеһǻ˲ܣ˵ɲǼȬݽߵԪ
һ˲ѣԼøǿ˼֡
⡭
һļ¡
ʱһĮԸ߿£ʲôˣ
ĵӰϾƹһֱ̧֣նһ⡣
Сģ
е
Ͼƹˣ̧𣬷ֻӳ
͵һ⵱鿪
һĻͫ͵һ֮ɫϵĵӰĿֲܹоĺƬԣ˼ֱ޵еĴڣڣϾƹȻô׾һ˵Ĺ
ϾƹļЦСӣų˲˵Ķ
һԸоʱϾƹƽͬ
ϼһ㡭
оϾƹǱһˣЦȴƽһҲͬûǰԺͲһ̣ȻϾƹ۵׿˱ɱ⡣
࣡
һ
ϣϾƹǵӰڣ˫һ䡣
Աߣ˶Ͼƹһƻɹ
࣬ЩŹ֡
ƺ
ȷʵָо
˵ȴʼպĮ
Ͼƹļתˣܾòˡ
Ͼƹ΢΢ü
ѾˣܶǰиŮӣ
Ͼƹ
ܶǰŮӡĵӰʲôһ˵ˣǰжŮŮӵЩر侫Ѫ꣬ǻֱӳʯӡ˺ıԴʩΪȡŮӵľѪϧûȡꡣ֪£
ϾƹĮ
ϾƹΪʱŮߵˣҡ
㣿
仯
ûдԴϢһ
ȷʵǵʱǸࡣ
˵
Ͼƹʱɫ̫ϳĽϾƹŮʱʱϾƹĵӰĶԻһ𣬵꣬ϾƹİŮӾĵӰУ
ǰϾƹΪηŻϾƹ۵׿ɱ⡣
˰꣬ԭٵһȣȻӽǷ˳ˡϾƹŻ񷣬дŵ˸Уʱñˡ
ϣ˶ϾƹɫĮ
𣿡УǱϾƹ˿ڣ࣬ҪΪס˱һΪǿڵ㣬ɴϡ˵ţһһɺ춯صڳֱһƬա
һĻɫ䣬ֹסķ
̵Ŀռ䣬ȻܲסɢϢֱӱ˿
õǺεȳ̶ȵ
СӡϤǰһ˲ࡣ죬Ͼƹڣ֮ǰʹңΪʲôڻʳʱܸоҵԪڷںȴһҲоˣڿãչʾ㿴ɻվһһϸ㡣
䣡
̼ѣһɿֲϢϾƹڳĿռһζ
ʱĲԲվܾ߱ƣ
ңУȫûԪ
еǰĸ磬壬ʶգУڴѪǣڹʶڴʶվ򣬴ĽԪϾƹɢһƳҵĹâԪһ̶ȣﵽվ۷壬ᷢһʱ䣬ǸʱνԪڣתһǽ֮ΪǸʱʣʿɿеżͨɾ硣
һ
ԪתΪ£ǵһ˵
˶٣Ͼƹɣ˵ڻʳʱ㵱ʱվܹоԪ󣬻صʱѾﵽͨɾʵԪҸоϾƹĳҹâһļ£ǡ㣬Ĵﵽͨɾˣ
ͨɾ磬ǿǳƬ˵Ĳΰ
ͨɾ϶
Уһ
ԣʱһ˵Ļ˰Ѿͨɾ
ͨɾ
ҪģšϾƹǰһ𣬵˫ȭһ󣬱ǰϾƹ˵ͷڣͨзΪ㣬һøӴ⣬ڶȡǣɣǵԾŴ̥ǣǽͨɾߵյ㣬ɿ󾳽磬
䣬һصͼ۶ɣϾƹͷԻ
˲ϢѣϾƹɢֱƺɲǼﵽһ߶ȡ
ǣ
ŵͼϣӰһαɫ


291 Ͼƹʵ
ͼƣϾƹͷ֯޾ص磬һһӣȴǸ͸ңľ似ָоͷ·ǵϾںڰɭնɱĪʱǰ㣬һġ
ϣĴӰɫױˡ
ͼд̫ˡ
һͼڣڴ
ӡ
˶ϾƹҲû֮ǰĴݺĮȵ࣬㵽ʲôˣôܻ֮ƿصķӡ
Զɫˡ
֮𣿣
ǰϾƹ֮ɫڵϾƹڴ
ôܣӻʳǵڣŶʱ䣬ϾƹپˣҲô̵ʱվﵽм䣬ǻһͨɰ
ܱ죬ϾƹƺҲ֪ʲôͨɾӡѹСڻʳǼվҵޡ˵ţϾƹ˼ĻᣬŵͨɾʱС٣Ԫת䣬һЩɱ⣬ﵽͨɾҪӴķ似ͨͬӡ
˶ˣȵȣ⣬ޣ٣ͨǰϾƹоˣԼЩʶˡ
һͺãûбҪ֪̫ϸȵǸʱȻס
Ͼƹ
˵ţϾƹɢ˸ӳҵĹâ
˵ﵽ󣬽ΪΪؼ޾׶Σʿ֮׶εȽϳ󣬲ʱԼ⡣
Ͼƹ˵
ˣ
һϾƹڳͷ۳ڶŵͼ͵ŵͼ
ŵڶŵͼ͵ŵͼԻϾƹϵϢٴֱʽ
ԶĵӰɫٱ䣺У
Ȼӡ
澳
˵ɫ׳
ʱ˿̣ϾƹϵâŨ㣬صͼԻϾƹױһˣǳˣʱˡһֻ̣ǰԭ˷·һصΰӣһᱮ
Ͼƹ񷣺ڶأڵļˡ
ݺһгױ𺳸ǡ
ڶأ
ſڽ࣬ƽ
վͨɣ棬磬ϾƹȻѾﵽ澳ģɵÿЦǵɨĴŵľ˽Щ˶ΪǷ˵ˣȻϢﵽȸ߶ȡ
棡
ק˫ȭͻȻޱԺԼʦȻôǿ
Ͼƹصͼͷصλãһ
ѧ𣿡
Ͼƹ
ͷ룡
ϾƹһЦһɳֱûüġɲǼѣоԼԺжණطķ裬ִۼ֯
ͨӡɷ
ɵ
ֻɨһʶ㱻ӡסˣ̲ס
ͨ
似֮
һϣĵӰ˿ڣĶϾƹ࣬Ȼ֪ôõӡΪ֮𿪴ط˭ɹ𣡸ͨˣֻͽͶѡ
޳ɣҵĵӣһԡ
ϾƹԵƵᡣ
һϾƹͷصͼ鿪ǹâûϾƹڡ
оϾƹϢȶǿʢ硣
ǿ
̲סקȭͷ
ǰϾƹˣڿգĵӰͬһ߶ȡ
öˡ
Ͼƹ
ŶĵӰʼԵϾƹ˵Ĳɣ
һĵӰٴαĮ
࣬ȷʵǿ󣬲ƾʵΪܹԸǣ
һ˵
䣡
䣡
䣡
䣡
ĵ޴񷣬񱩵ϢɢһƬƬա
ʱһ̲ס˼iϢƺһҲϾƹ
꣬ÿ˶澳ߵ˾ͷ
ĵӰĵ
Ͼƹ糤ֻǣϾƹɫȴƽ
Ҳ˵ˣǵꡣˣϾƹߵĿռŤ꣬ΪĳرսͿ̿飬ȴǳһƬĿȹ֮ˣеȥΪʴ뿪ӡ񡣵ǸΪʴȶûɱǣǷӡǵգǿɻ۷ս
Ӱʱɫ
㲻Ǹʱˣô֪£
һ˺
Ͼƹ£ϲĹżмصĺ˽֪ΪЩߵ˻ֱӽȴܻЩ˻Щ¼ú֪⣬ܹ弸䣬ԵжԴжԣԷǻ¡
ԣӰʱŭ
Ǹˣ
٣ſ񣡡
ɶ񰡣

ϹʱİܼȻ˼ص˹żϣһǳ߳ܵ¡
ԶľԼЩʲô
ϼһ㣬ȥϲ򣿣
ۡ
֮ǰ͸߹㣬ϲûãпᡣ
Ͼƹ
Ͼƹûش⣬˼ȴԣȷȥʱҲڷʱϾƹȷʵ˵ȻʱΪƲ죬ΪϾƹֻ˵˵ȴ룬Ͼƹĵϲתһ룬ǸȷţϾϾƹѾﵽ澳硣
ϾƹˣϲνվΪͨɾΪΪ澳ΪΪʥ羳Ϊʣ˽еĵλ䲻ܸߣҲˡ
ˣϾƹһ˹ȥ
˿̣һ⽻֯Ͼƹ⣬֮е
࣬Ҫſ񣡡
ԣȷʵ۷״̬ҲصսǣˣһʿҲֻһƾһˣƾڶصΪҲ˿⣿
Ϊ͸ҳǰѡ
޴
ӱ䡣
Զʱɫһ䣬ӡôã˾Ȼôǿ
˵ԭһʱնǡϾƹϹŵĲɣȴû˿ı䣺ֻǣ˭ÿɰĵӽǷ˳ݲΪҲϾõʦǰ棬Ҳʦְ𡣡
һɵקȭͷ
ϾƹˣĮҲ̫Ϊǣʦͽó±ǡ羳ս䣬ϾƹӰͻأʧ˲һǰֱһȭ˳ȥ
㡭
ۣ
Уһ˺ɣնˣѪĽ
ÿ죡ǿ
ʱһ
Ȼһȭһգ
࣡
ͳ
Զɵ˶סΣչâ֯ȥѪǾȻԿƮأգۼѣ˻ָԭȥ·ûܵһˣʱ󾪡
ؾȣΪﵽȻ屻նķѣҲڶʱǣ߲εǿߣԵѪղһȭ񼶱ǿ߶ԣȻ㲻ʲôˡ
Ͼƹ


292 ȥڶ
쾪ȣ屻նķѻܣһѪǺεȵǿ̲סһǷۼϾƹյָʵʿοõһ
ϾƹһɺƮƮ˺˼
࣡Ͼƹ˵񿪿ڣͷ­һǣĶϾƹϹŹȥôܹ꣬˵ҵ٣һ
Ρ
Ͼƹ
ն㣡

һһͬ嫺Ĳϯʮռ䶼ڲŤȥûҰһƬɫ֯⣬ֲĺˣ·һݻ˳ضǡ
ľǺεȿֲվʿ˲ͱѹ
ѵһĳɢϾƹĳֻǣϾƹȴޱ飬Եúƽһ̣ϾƹһһӰһαƵǰһֻȭͷȥֱӺһƬռ䡣
ֻţһɫĴѷ쳯ӳ֣ɫӿһĲо׾ͿԽ֮飬ǳĺˡ
ռ䣬һȭˣ
˿Һ
һˣһȭգǺεȿֲĻ棬ֱһĳ
ߣ
ߣֲϣӭϾƹȭ
һʱ䣬⣬â֯Ƭ񷶼ˣһԭʼĲھմѷ첻ܣֹסĲһ̮
䣡
䣡
䣡
˲ײ֪˶òʱͣЪԳźȥ
ĸƿһǰ͸ѪѪ䶯ܿǻָ棬Ͼƹһֱ۲㱻˺ֻʣ¼Ѫһ𣬴ĿģһƬâϾƹƾȬ
࣬ǿ󣡷ǳǿ󣡼ǿֻǣվֻһ˶ѡڶ񿪿ڣͷɫͷƾһˣ͸ҳ嵽ǰǣȴ죬̫֪
һǻ
Ͼƹƽ
ƽһţҲһֽ
ߣĮҵȴ࣬ݺϹʱ㻹֪ںδ˰ѣҲҵ˵
ǰϹѾȥأǿǣʣ¶Ԫܻã
Ͼƹ
ʱ䣬ɫӽǱɭȻʱΪ괦۷壬ԪȻϹűӡѾȥ˼Ϊƾõ£ǵԪȷʵˣûʣ¶١
ϾƹʱĻɺݺǡ
Ͼƹ˵ӱüΪɭ
࣬ܲԣӡô꣬ǵԪȷʵˣֵĺܼʱ񿪿ڣһ˫ɫӣıԴѪ˾˵ΪҩҵԪ
ΪҩϾƹһЦ̲¡
ĴһԱ
䣡
ĴƵ˵񷶼Ⱦ˻ɫһͬǻɫǦƸڿСɱ˳ɱϾƹһȭһƣʱʮռ䡣
ˣ
Ͼƹһ֣⻪˸ֱûǰ
ԶԶĶһĻס˸ȴսʵ̫ھˣ˵һ򵥶ÿռѣÿһλֶò̮ڣڲϳݣһˣֻоñ

𶯣֮ϣһ˸ͬһ꽫Ҫ١
һ̣˶ڶգһɫǲ԰ޱȡ
⵽Ƿʲô
գá鿪ˣ
ȷ˵˲ǿĵطʲô
⣬ǸطлɫһĶţǣʲô
ûм⡭
ľ
˿̣˼һɫϣ·𽫿ռض˰㡣ǿʿ̽ʶ￿ҪһɫϵʵȻһ̱ǲҽһͷԵ˵ϣ϶ʺɫѪҺ
⡭
һĻʱһʿļ¡
¡¡
ڷ𶯣һ޴Ѻ۲ɢʿ֣̿Ƭȱʹŵսս
ʱվǿǶˣȥ

䣡
ѹһУâУӰ϶սֱ̮ưܣҰеһ֮Ҫƻɾˡ
Ͼƹֻ֣һѪȭͷȴǸ͵ˣ˿ռ䣬⣬źã˺¶ԷһֱֱۣڿСͬһʱ䣬ҲǽֹϾƹţϵĽ
࣬ˡ
Į
ɫ䣬ֹᴩλãȻϾƹദ
࣬Ҫļλ֮һ
ദᴩϾƹȴޱ飬³һ⣡
ʱ䣬һȦâؿڴӶ
ģȻ
ҽС
ɫŤʹ࣬ᴩϾƹؿڴֱۿɼٶȱÿήɱʱɫһһ̣ԼᴩϾƹؿڴֱۣǷŭĻ棬һʮɡ
췢֣Զ˺ֱ۵˲ָµֱۣʱĶϱ۴ȴڲѪûµֱѪҺֹסЩ죬Ͼƹղŵ׶ʲô
ӡ֮𿪴ԷӡһУֱ۵ıԴӦñӡˣûصʱ䣬ָһ漴ٴζסϾƹ֮ܽ˵زˣǰΪ貵ϹʱҲһ
£
һ񿪿ڣһǰ
ʱ䣬ͬʱסϾƹĹɿֲɢͬһ㽫ϾƹǣĹǿͬʱϾƹСʱ䣬ƬռøӲֽһ㣬羡ϣռɳ
һֹסĺˡ

ҧأֱһѪ
澳붯ڣΪֵˣһ̣ĹͬһƬǺѹڲľʹ·һ̾ͻᱻȲѹ顣
৵һϾƹӰǰ
һâϣУʱ䣬ǹ˵ѹʧ˴롣
ܵĿռȫˣʱԴ򿪣ôȥģܲĸϾƹ죬Ƴ˰꣬ȻǳˣҾû·ҪôҪôֻǣսʱ޷ֳ㣬Ҳ޷ȥڣֻʣϿڵʱŻܸţԣСӡȥڶɡ


293 ȵ
һȥڶ죬ôȥڶʶ簡
ͨǵŻ
˵
Ͼƹ֧ţѾ޷ɺܴӰ졣
ģڡϾƹʱ䣬һ͵âϾƹڳû뵽ڣҵһƱԴԻͨʱŻ
Դ
΢ɡ
һϣϾƹϧıԴȥһֻСϣĺ֣⡣
ʲôǱԴ
ʵ
Ȼսǿͬ׿޵УǶණȴ˽⡣
澳ǿߵĵӣ֪ʲôǱԴЦĮ࣬ʿǿߣҪĶ޷࣬ʶ꣬ԴУԱԴҪΪһĸԴڡͺñЩ˵࣬½Ρ
һʱɫϼһ㡭
Ͼƹɫƽûϵʱָܻ
ʱϾƹؿڴѾȫ޸
ָҲлָĻᣡ
ϾƹӡӡһֱۣӺ䡣
ʱ䣬һ붢סϾƹ
񱩵ϯʮϾƹͷڷ
Сӣߡ
Ͼƹ
أ
ȭ
Ͼƹž޲ɫʼղ䣺ɱǡ
ûϾƹϸоɱ⣬ȴܸоϾƹľģһμ״̬Ͼƹûƽյԣеֻǰ͵Į
ҧҧϿȥ
ﲻϾƹκæΪϾƹۡһ̣ûἰúѣܵǣǣȴֻǽⵣѹϾƹʱȥΪ·ġ
ģ뿪ŻտúСˡ
Ͼƹ
һʱϾƹȻ֪ʲô
͵ҧֱӳϿȥ
Ȼֻ϶Ҳôߡ

˵һ̧֣ɱ۶ɣֱ׼졣
ҪԱ˵ĵӳ֡
Į
ϾƹǰƲľƺ«Ʈâ֯󣬾ƺ«Ͼƹ֣Ǵгһѹ⽣ѹ⽣ЩģЩƣʼһֱɢѹصĲš
⽣Ĵɫ䡣
Ȫ
ڴ˵еʥ
ѽϹʱٵ𣡡
𺳡
ȷʵǱٵˣԣǲƵģ㱾ʮ֮һ
Ͼƹ
ˣĴɫԵúѿЩ
֮ķӡھȪеʥ齣㾿˭
ϾƹĴüΪ
ͨѡ
Ͼƹ
ԶѾ뵽ϿʱŻǰƫͷϿ⣬ֻϾƹһʹ󽣣ǵǿĽֹסĲ
߰Сӣĥˡ
Ͼƹ
˫ȭһʱŻ
ӲɣϢʯͷϣɫʣų棬ɽغϡһΣ쿿ʱŻȴûиоѹΪϸֳһ㵭ĹĻеѹȫ档
ϾƹıԴ֮⡣
ܿ죬ʱŻԵһܿȥܽڶ졣
ʦһҪţ
Ͼƹ
һοڽʦ
Ͼƹ죬΢û⣬ȥɣȪ𶯣ҫʮϾƹͷڷ趯һɺɢĴɵúһǧʮ壬Ը콾ۡ
ſ񣡡
Ĵȵ
ʱ䣬Ĺ˵ű
ϾƹЦ𳤿գһֱնãã񷡣
ߣ
Ͼƹȵ
ʱŻǰϾƹսĴӢˣΰ̧ͷȣ⣬ӰͷϦ棬ꡣ
ϾƹûԥȭͷһɫŻڡ
ûйⲨûӰ˲ʧԭء
Ȼˡ
ߣ
޷϶ѡ
ĴӵĮ
ǿеϣٹãȻʮΪ֮սϾƹͷڷ趯һ̷·һͨ쳹صս񣬾ȪһƵһ𣺡ֻûܹһĻᣬգ
䣡
񱩵𣬺գ˲
࣡
Ĵɫ
̼䣬Ӱսһâݺᣬ֮ƵҰ˻ġ

ĺڰ˵ѹ쿴Ұеκζ
˿̣Ψһ㵭ĹĻ⣬εĻС
ϼһıԴ֮⡣
찵
ܿκζʶҲ׽κζֻܸоԼڷٵƶ·һͷɿܡˣҲ֪ȥ˶ãǰ˵ܵĺڰɢȥ
ಣ
ڰʧһ̣Լһͨʯϡ
ȥһƬããԭʼУһľǴ׳ľˣңżΪȳ̶ȵоȡ
ǵڶ򣿣
ͷһ
ſеŨ̶ȣ֮ǰ屶
ԭأܣûпʱŻӰǻȴİ
ȷʵǵڶˡ

һʱŻƺûӵڶʱŻǲ㴫ͣԴˣ⡣ԭأ̲ס̧ͷգӵһ쵽ڶ죬֪ȥ˶ãЩϾƹսϾһģҶֻϹʱӡ񣬸ǿľˡ
վԭأþδ
һۼ䣬ӹȥ
ȭͷâǸϼһһû⣡֪ΪʲôϾƹţǶĸϹʱҲΪϾƹܣţϾƹһܹһܹɱˡ
Ϊ˵ǸŮӣϾƹҲԲܣն
̧ͷǰǶ
ǵڶɣϾǴӵһʱŻ룬ܣ˶ٺѭһС·ƬԭʼɭȥƬ磬ҪǿȻصһȥ
С·˲ãӦһƫͷ˹ȥֻԶĲվһŮͷ޴ЫƳŮȥ
ļ鿲Ы
ü
ļ޲Ůֱնȥâ
Ѫըͷ鿲ЫҽжûзǵѪС
ɨһŮûͣǰȥ
СϣŮƺûлҵɫıӰƯĴ۾գ£ֱ׷ȥȵң


ľ ޼


294 ޼
ŮʮңЦȻͬһõС飬ת۾׷졣
ʲô֣
סںη
ϲʲô
Ůͬһ룬ΧǣƯĴ۾ʱʱգ¡
ôǰȥ
ڣŮЩ߷ȻĥȻֱҵǿɶ񣡡
죺
ŮЩˡ
ˣȴǲˣŮȴ򵥣Ϊǿ
ιι˵仰ѽ
Ů׷ʡ
жˣ
һ䡣
ֻЫ˲ңʵǶš
棿Сûпǹұһ㣿
оԡ
ŮЩ㿴һ꣬ȻС
ñŮִһŮǸֵ
£ǰȥ
ôŮ׷ȥƤЦҽаأ
ж
оЩŤ
õĶʲô֣
Ůգ۵
죺
ŮһһոŮ
ȻŮһֱ
Ҹ
ͣ
ò˵ŮƯȼй֮޲·ǻеһ㣬һֳʣˣôߣҲЩš
գգۣǲĿһýͬѽ
ĿһͬУ
һ㶡
ˣôĿһˣ
˵޼յӣѵȥ޼ţ
޼ţ
㲻֪
֪
ʵ
ЩŹֵĿһۣ޼ΪƬʮ֮һȴͬΪʮ̵Ÿ⣬ûκܹѹǡȻǼϵĴʥزڴУǳȻ
΢ʮ֮һ
ãҲѰҺʵż룬˵ģǾͽкˡ

ƬҪѸٱǿõѡ֮ԺͰͬУΪڶƬ˵һҲ˽⣬յӵ޼ʲôط֪ͰͬǼá
ղŻ˵ĽС
ﹾ档
ղǸղţڡ
Ĳĵ
͵ЦһƤ񣡡
죺
ԭҪһȥ޼ţͻȻͬУԵúܿġ
ͬУúǰһƬ޴ɽȥʮɽһ㣬ڣ쿴мͷʺʮ
ˣǰ޼ţ

𺳣ʮ廷ʺ䣬ԶԶܸо˵ǿʢһֱ࣬еáǰоѾܴˣǴ˿̼޼ţоʲô㲻ϡ
̫ˣ
ιιʲôأ
һ¡
û
عҡҡͷ
޼һƬ޴ɽУʮԵ÷ǳΡ룬ư磬һͨɽž޴ĲŰһǰʦŵˣ˳޼ŵɽţ޼ڲ
޼ڲǸоľеʵ̫ˡǰѹѹһƬͷɵǰһôˣʮˡ
ôôˡ
ü
޼ΪƬʮ֮һĺܣôǰʦŷǳҡҿ˿С˵޼йŴµǳǿ˶õ
Ŵµ
һ
ǰϾƹĴһսչ֮ӡĸ澳ߵͷľĵŴжô¡İἰ޼ŴŹŴµʱ˼ԾŴνֵܵõһıأ
ֻǴ˵ѣûõ

ˣȴ˫۷ͬһ㶢޼ţָоͷ·Ҫ޼Ÿһ̵㣬һ
Ҳ̫ˣͲˮˡ
˵
ﲻȻһ绪Ů˵ˮֻ̫òˣ
죺
һ̫ˣ
˶٣ʵˣղ˵ʲôкǿ֮
ܹݻģͨųǶսʥ

һ𣺡ݻģͨôһ룬Ǻܿ£ȻģͨʱĶȻӡٵõһ֮ȻǼõ¡
ˣνĹָ֮
ʵ
ιιιһоʵǿôЩʶԵĶ
ŹֵĶ졣
첻Ųæĵһֱɽ񷽲ųٽӴ硣
𣿡
Щɡ
ȻҴӲƭˡ
ɫ
Ŷ֮ΪǴﵽ˻羳۷壬ڱϹŸԶھжԶҾͲˡ˵Ϲ֮ǰǸʮһоλ𣬸޵֮ˡ
羳۷壿
쵹һ
ô˵ŴѾе޵·ߵͷǡ
Ȼ޵ж֡

޵Σµǰ޵£ҲֻȻա
Ʋ졣
ҡͷ£ѾϾƹ˵ˡ
ò˵ǵߵ޵·ͷ޵µǿǶԣʱĳյ㣬һǳɱ¡
Ͳһˣ籾ʳڣž֮ˣص죬µģƿʮݣʱ䳤Ӷڽ£
ｾ
̲סˣܲܲҪô
ţ

ʵǰܸŮˣٶ˵ʲô
޼Űʦŵʿǳ࣬ѹѹһƬǳǰһƽ̨ȥƽ̨֪Ժֶɣϱ鲼磬Ϊǰʦʿãֻг׿ƽ̨˲ܹ
ϸ񣡡
ϸ񣡡
ϸ񣡡
ǰԵ˺ܶ࣬ȴгųɵͨƽ̨
ϸϸһ£һǧ˲ԣȻֻһͨ
̫˰ɣ
ľ
ﲻΪȻʲôŵģ֮ǰ˵ˣ޼ŵľˣŵȻҲͼΪ̣Ҫмߵ츳ҶΪҲҪһǶʮ´ﵽʶ򣬱޼šȻĳ壬ǾͲһˣ㻹Ӥ޼ŵҲУŴлǰᡣ
壿
΢㶡
ϡ䣬Ͼƹ֮ǰƺᵽ塱֡
㲻ⶼ֪ɣ
ﶢ
֪
ͷ
Щˣν壬ΪһЩѪЩѪ߱ʣսԶͬʿʷϣżмʮ壬ֱ壬ħ壬壬ʥ壬壬壬壬壬̫壬̫壬壬Լδֹĺųܺɨֻ塣


295 
ЩȣϸϸؼȻܹʮ壡
ĺǿ󣿡
ʵ
﷭ۣȻǿҪȻôᱻ壿Ըһ⣬ν壬ܳʣɨͬʿȳԷˮҪ򵥡
찵ܳʡ
ܹʮ֣
˶٣ʵôҪôһǲ壿
ö࣡
Ʋ졣
Ц绪İҪʱ䳤Ӷڽµĵһ콾Ϊ֪ķ˽΢Сɻ󡣡
ʱһвͬ磬̧ɽ׽Ƶ壬ľˮֵԵףһȭɻһƬ׺ǿֲڻ磬ƿػ֮˫˵Ŵбһǻ塣˼ֵȻЩֻһЩѣҪһǲ壬䱾ԴһĿȻ
ͷʵֻأ
ųǿֻ壬ȻЩ档
ҡҡͷͲˣֻ壬ʴûгֹڣǲǴڣܵǿǵĻɣʲλݳϴڵʣ˵ֻһ塣
ôǿ
һ
ֻһ壬仰δ̫˵㡣
Ʋ죺ûֹôô£Ҳû֤ݷ
ôһ˵ӣ
档
￴ҲˣҸҪˣ
ĥ
ϲ

޼ŵİʦŵ˺ܶ࣬ѹѹһƬڲԣҲ֪˶òֵͰͺСΪȴǺǿȻǺܼ򵥾ͨ˲ԡ󣬲ϣʮ˽ֻаͨƽ̨
ʮˣֻʣһٶࡣ
ҡͷ
̭ʣδ̫ھˡ
ֻǵһֶѣһֲ飬ƻˢһˡ
У
쾪ȡ
ƺĺܶ࣬޼ܹʮ壬ÿһ֮Բֻͬͨ˻Ĳԣгϴȥʮ壬ͨĳһĿˣʽΪ޼ŵĵӡ
찵Բ죬ôʮˣֻʮܳɹ¡
޼ŵѡͽҪϸľˡ

ʱԶгּߣ˵俴ȥܴȴǾ˸Ѫܾˡ⼸޼ŵĳϣǴվ򣬲ն˵Щ£ʹǰʮ塣
޼źܿһĿɨܣֻһͦεѼŵ࣬ͬһʱ䣬£һЩŵâһּλõĸоɾ
찵̾νš
ܿ죬ǰʮ壬ǹƣҲʱ޼ŵļͣطеŨЩɨԱߵʿֻЩһ˫ĿŹ⣬ֱĶǰʮ塣
ˣ
ͻȻһʶеһ£ԡ
ҫۣ߲ɫʶײʶ𶯣
һ˳ķ̧ͷȥֻʮһ࣬ﻹһɽ壬ʮ岻һɽԵЩСͿݼţǻߣ֮ЩͨɽҲòȥˡ
ɽ챾ܵͷһ
Ǹǣ
ʵ
ʶеȻӦֱָɽǳ⡣
̧ͷȥ޼ںܾǰʮ壬ɽǰȻʮеһֻϵͻȻ͹ȣԶԶ޷ȣȻ´͵ľҲãҲͽˣԵ޼űֻʣʮ塣ȻȻǷˣϾһ壬޼Ųûн֮Ƴɱ֮ڡ
ͷ˶ٺʵȥ𣿡
ɶ
һ㶣ֱӵԲ˫ۡ
˵ȥСʶڵӦֱָ壬ɵҲףԲ򵥣ض̺ĳ־˵ܡ
ǿԣȥʲô壬˷ѹȻ޼ǰµһЩ󣬿УЧʮûñȡɫĶ죬ңҸղҲ˵ˣѾˣ͵ľˣ綼Ҫ磬ȥ壬㽫ȥϾ£˷
֪ˡ
ͷ
֪ͺá

ʱǰӵļ߿ͷĿһˣʮѾִɽȿǰвԣסһֻһѡĻᣬҲֻһβԵĻᣬ𣿡
ף
һ뿪ڡ
޼ţЩȻ֪޼ѡͽĹʲô
£һʿɢǵȥ
תۼ䣬طǿտࡣ
ɨһʮ壬޼ŵļǰһ񣬿ڵǰҿɷУ˵ţָԶ塣
⻰һʱ䣬˽Ƕݡ
죬ˣʲôѽ
ĲУȥҧˡһ֮ǰԼѾĸѾˣʺȥһȴȫ˶߷磬Ȼʱ޼ŵĳͬȥ
죬ǲɵҡͷ
˿ʲôĹĲ飬ȥУϾѾû˷ִ£Ҫκβ飬ֻҪԸ⣬ֱӾͿԽܹ޼š
ǣȥΣ˵ѾݽߣЧҲǴۿۣȥУ˵ĿеŨȣҪϵŨǿʢ١
Ҳô˵ѾʺϾ޼ŵһ壬Ϳ޼ŵĵˣҲһݣݣż磬Ҳ˼ɵ
⡭
Ϊ𣿡
ӦǣϾҲûгֹ˵ǰв˱뷨Ըȴֻ£ȻҲֻܿ壬ѡ壬ȴȥô꣬ȻôʵǺǰ֮ѵ𣿡
ĿǳͨĲԣ಻ȥɽ˷
˶ҡͷ˴Щġ
ĥק֣ȥ
֪ΪԼãȴҡҡͷٴιһ޼ŵļϣλǰ뼸λǰӦʡ


296 սĻ
޼ŵļЩŹֵĶ죬ԸȥɽУЩѾûгֹվֳһˡһ˵壬㲻ҪκβԱ£ˣ㿼ˣһɽ㲻壬ҲΪţ仰˵޼ţȴ޵·ϼǰУף
ס
ͷ
໥һۣһ˵Ǻã㣬ȥɽ
ɽȻˣվŵһ壬޼ȻὫ֮ƳȻڣȥ޼Ҳûоܾɡڿˣֻһɽ޼ŵȻڿϻ˼ǣöֻ֮ҪȥͲκοˡ
лλǰ

ʱˣżµιǲںˣ
æżǸһߡ
ɶʲôѽ
ﶢ죬ĥһҧ˵ӡ
ϴ󾢲ðﰲģԼ뷨
ʲô뷨˵
ʵ
˵

ʱĥȻңˣ
죺
룬˵ҾЩŹ֣˵̺ڣȥɽпܹѰ֮ı˵ĺ棬뷨Ӧǰٷְٲš
Ȼ˵꣬ŶЦѽǸִǿ˰ɣΪض·УȻż֮Ҳ㿴һ¾ͶɣԴ仵ġ
͵ˡ
Ц
δע
Ʋ졣
ҡͷǿɲһ
ѽȴת˼£ôţ˵׼пײˣ͵úңҵ˿ɵüǵý̸ҡ
Ҳأ
ʵ
һأҲ뿪£˭ɵϴһӡ
ˣ㵹˵ɣǿţǻᱻ޼ż׷ɱ
׷ɱ׷ɱʲô˵ģԶ㵽ɽȥƬôҪһ޼ܷÿһ䡣
ںĵ
죺
ᰲοˡ
˵
ҸǰҲôҡ
죺
ʱûãΪﻹȥѰ飬ð뿪ԼǳŲԶȥǰֻɽԵñԶȥӻߣͨ嶥ĽѾưܲ
ưܵʯ̨ף첻ú͵壬ԵҲȽϿһ٣ȻѾáܣûһӰȷʵʿԣѾķ˺ܾá
á
찵
һ壬֣ɢʶѰ١ú˸飬ʶɨ˼ÿһ䣬ȴûзκһ쳣Ƿ˲ӺСĺܷ׳Ȼûκηͺ£Сӳľԡ
Լʱ³ڷ嶥ĵǰ
֡

֮ǰʶеȷʵ춯ֱָ壬Ѱôãȴһ㷴ӦҲûСʶײŹͨȴǲκηӦͬǿϻţ㣬һҲ
پκҡҡͷطȥת˽ʱʱ䣬˼аʶĴҲаĴ󣬲Ч̫ãǻķϵˡ
пһЩ¼Ȼ޷ǳ׻ָԭĳ̶ȣǻָĳӦû⣬ϲҪ̫ڵǡ

ɫѾðЩ嶥ڣѾǲ˻ҳŲ֩ƮһɷùζҡҡͷһһɽĵеĻҳ֩ȫɨԼȥһңһϾܻطá
ι
һ𣬰ɽ
ôӵ߳Ű󣬲ɵЦЦĿ˽Σ
ߺߵ˭Ȼ⣬޼ִȥ
㵹ͦ
졣
֮ǰ˵Щʮ£޼޼ŵһ壬УѶȿνڴˣҲ֪Լ屻ʲôΪɷ壬ȻֻǹȥڵɷѾˡ
أûʲô֣
˫۷
û
ҡͷ
ʱЩʧƲ㻹ĵ˵лѰء
ˣŹȥãҪˣܵúķѵʱòá
˵Ҳǡ

ɫúڰʱָ뿪ɷ塣
ɷڲƵǰһʯϣȥֻ޼ɹƣԵ÷ǳأƻáҡҡͷ񷣬㷱ǵ׺ҹУһɫĹ£ãء
֪Ǹϼһôˡ


һȡ
âƵʱѾǲѺۣ
ϾƹȾѪƲɫȴޱ仯һƬĮһʹ󽣣ԵЩŤȴֲľˡ
࣡
ŭ쳹ʮ
ϾƹվӰһǽһ
˿̣Եޱȷŭ
Ϲŵȷʵɱ
Ͼƹ
Ͼƹɫƽ߲ʬͱԴѾĥһɶ
ԵЩ񱩣˫ɭ⣬ĴòƷתۼȴһʱնɱˣԴˣǳʧ֮䣬ܹǸоŭ
ɱսѣҲ
ն㣬Ϊҩ
ŭ
һϽɢ˸ֲɫϯϵ¡
һ
ϾƹĮ
וּһϾƹеľȪҡһضǿʢĲʱɢ
ɿֲȻײһ𣬳ƻء
ɱ
ɱ
𣬼ɱϾƹ
Ͼƹ𶯾Ȫâ庺ӭȥ
Ȼһ̣һͣŸߵȥ
ƸϿգããϣԶϢһСŮŮ˫ţȹ裬ȥֻʮһ꣬ȴ·ؼ߹ľ飬ƯĴ۾Եޱȣǿһ㡣
Ͼƹͫһɫ䡣
ʴˣ
񼤶ѣʱϹ򵹣СŮĤݡ
Ůûʲô̼䣬һƿʯųĴϾƹԱԴ໤ڶеһз·һ㣬Ƭϡ
ųʱŻӰŮԵø䡣
ͷһæԡԲʴˣߵֻϣԭɱǰ̫ǿˣǱӡ̫ãսټƿоȪ͹Ŵңǡ
ӹСĵʴģϾնֻ࣬ߵϣ֮ҲὫ֮ѰĨϾֻͽܣҲƿ¡
Ůбۣ
ǣɱ
ŮȴĮ
࣬ƿйŴطԲȥ
ʴ˷ģҵһ콫֮Ĩ
æ
СŮûʲô˫䡣
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըֱɻҽ
ԶϾƹüͷһ壬Ȫ΢΢Щ
񷶥ˣŮͷϾƹڵʵ㽫͵ڶ죬ʲô⣬һɱ㡣СŮӰʧ

ϯȣƬƬɳ
ϾƹȾѪŮʧķʱŻɵЦ
СӣʲôʱĻʶˡ

ڶ޼š
һҹȥѾһ峿峿ʱ֣ӭųɺһΧɷתϣܹѰһЩ쳣ٴʧˣѰһʱʲôҲûз֡
ȷȷʵʵв򵥵ĶֻǣѰء
ü
ķӦžԲд
ʱӰųԸ߿ս£ǰ
˵ɷµӣ
һЦ˹ȥ


297 ϹŰ׼
ܹ꣬ڶʮңΪദʶء
µӣҽΣ
۵
걧˫ȤζĶ쿴
Ȼ߲ܿƣȴҲû⣬ƿ嶥ȥ
ߣ
һ
ȴ⣬ͬʱΧ
ÿ
˵
أʱ鷳
ģ֪ʲôֳ𣿡
Ϊʦ֣㻰ش𣿡
Щ
궢죬ǷЦģǽԱñ
ʲУˣЩС޼ţҪķ
޼佫屣ķһδΪһ޼ŵӣʵѻ𣡡
ȷϲģƾʲôҵһ㣬Ϊŵӣ
Ҫ㣬ֱˣ
һ뵽ƤţҾ͸о̹
һƳȥ
㿪һơ
ÿ
˵
ɫҶ㣡
ȰʵʵվŲǴһٳڶʡĴҶ鷳
ֿʮҲ͹ȥˣǵֿ˵ǿɲã
ֺãһΣǲã춼
һ
ͺӦǴ
δţҵ˼һ϶׼뿪
һٴγ֣һƳ
һƿɲᣬһʶʿܵס
ɫһץס󣺡Ҳڡ޼ţʲô鷳һһ̣ȴ룬⼸ԽԽ֡
֣
꺮
˵ʲôϺú÷˼¡
֡
סҪŪˡ
⼸˵
˵ţЦǳȭ
ʿճи⼸˳йȻǼ¡
ɫʱҲˡ
̧һ߳һǰһߵĺɣֱֱײڲԶһϣһƺߡ
һ
ž
һ˸տڣͱһƳɣ˴롣
һ£궼סˡ
ɷˣƺһҲ
㾹Щʵ
ɫ
ֱ̧꣬ȣһ긹
һŵɣڵһĺۼ
һĻ˶һ
ԶվɫԵøǿ󣡲սɲֻؼ뷨˵ţוּһһһɨնߵ⽣ÿһ⽣ܾˡ
ն⽣Ľʮ似֮һεֵ
һն졣
ߵ⽣ݺᣬԪӿƷǷȷһ似ɱȣǿ
Զ궼ЦǼʵǿѾն⽣޵˼Ϊľ磬ֵܵס˿̣죬˷·Ƕʬһ㣬Ħȭƣ͵챻ն˺һȥʹ죬Ǹղű߷ɳɵˣǺѾһ̡
ﬣ
Хˣߵ⽣תǰ
˷ܵؽеᴩɣ
쵭Įɨ˼һۣһ¡
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ߵ⽣˲䱻ĵķ顣
Ѿɿվǿߣ⽣
⡭
ôܣ
ܣ
һ˲䣬˽Աɫ
꣬ţǿն⽣Ȼô׾ͱˣ
ٴζ죬Щľˣɫ΢ס
ߣ

ֻƬ̼ѣᵽǿ󣬱ǿܶ࣡
һҧҧߡ⼸˲ɵܹһն⽣ʵǺܿ£ϲǶ֡
ʱǰס˼˵ȥ·
ʲô
ɫһ
֣ߣ
˵
ż꣬ɫƽһӭˡ
˲ɵúˣǶĽĵӣ
·ûĻȰʵʵվŲҴһٳڶʡĴҶ鷳
⻰˵ɫʱЩѿ仰ǸղŶ˵Ļڣȴ㻹ǣֻǸĶ˼ֶѣñһĶ⣬ļͬʱһŭ
ƴˣ
ôˣһϣܵв
ԣ
˺ȵ
ֻǣ˻䣬Ӱǳǰһһţ߷ɡһΣû飬ÿһŵǾ˵ǿ˴ѪŶӲҽзð춼ûܹվ
ֿҲ͹ȥˣǵֿ˵ǿɲá
˵
䣬˲һǰ̧һƳ
žһ˺ɣݺײڲԶһʯ֮ϡ
˺ˣɫԱ䡣
ĸʶ۷ʿֻǰһѣȻվ
ڣֻʣˣȰñֿޱ飬ǱֺãֻһȭڵرɣǱֲãұȭڲ˼£һʹʹʱ򣬿ɱҡ
ԣ˶һŭ֮ǰвʱ˵ĻȻԭⲻȫ˻
̫ˣ
һҧ
֣ǰһû֡

˵䣬䣬ֱֱˡ
飡
飡
һȺɨһĹ걻ɨɣѪҺ
ŭ죬һն˹ȥ
ͣ
̧֣һƽ顣
һ̣Ȱǰ־סڣնҿϺݳ顣
˵ˣ㲻Ҫֵ

Ķͣɷֱȥʮͣ
ʱѾǱף۾ˣȫ䡣

һֱ֣ӽ궪·壬ɳ䵽ɽ¡
һˡ
㣬㻹ʲô
˿־塣
ɽ
ƽ
ǣãԼ
飡
̧ȣֱӽڵ߷ɣǱĹɷײ
㡭㲻ɽ𣿡
⼸˱ɫ
쵭ⲻ𡣡
㡭
飡

飡
ģȻ
飡
תۼ䣬ȫɷ塣
֣գøŨЩ
ȥ޼ŵĲؾ

ڶ죬ȥһЩżٵ˽Ƭɡ
޼ǿ似ĳЩͨʮϣؾ÷ŵЩ޵ʷżһЩͨ似µûκƣûִأֻҪ޼ŵĵӣκ˶ܽȥġ
ؾѰڵڶһ伮ַ¿ȥ
ȿνʮ̡
伮ڼ˵ڶһЩҪʮ̣޼ţϹ̣̣ţ̣ڣ̣ɹԼ޷ɸʮ̶ͨɾǿ򣬴е·ǳԶ
¿ȥƬȴʮ⣬ССɣȻʵҲͲôˣԶ޷ʮȡʮ֮ϣѷ׵ȻʥɽԼʥأϹҡ
ͨʥأ̫ʥأϹңϹŰ׼ҡ

żɫݡ
׼ң
һʱ䣬뵽˰


298 ɨ
ϹңָϹʱĴ壬۱ʵǴе̣Ǿ˵ǿ󣬷ǳˣΪڶĴ춢йżšϹŰ׼ҡĸ֣ɫͱЩֵֹġ
ǸѾͷϹŰ׼ҵ˰ɣ
а
һ룬ȻȷʵѰ˿ɱȣһֹ
ǣǰ׼ҵˣ޼ʲôֻΪ

˶٣ҡҡͷöˡ
żǻһط죬ڶȻʥأԺʥغϹҷͥҲ˵ڶڵʥ໯εվҲвͨɾд
ǵڶ򣬹ȻԶǵһȡ

һƷţѾˣȻڶȴ˵ҲٸңڵڶһЩͨҲѰ򵥵似ԣƬɢ޷ǳ࣬ƵһƬ硣
˶٣췭޼ĵ伮޼ŵķչʷԼŹ棬һע⣺ĵӲô壬Ҫ룬ʾشκ˲
ɷȻˣҲ޼ŵ֮һ

ڲؾ˲ٵ伮ֱʱ߳ɷȥ
޼ڣٵ˶Ƕָָ㡣
ǱߣǸɷˡ

ɲǣַʽ޼ţϧȴֻ衣
ɡ
ɷһ壬ϵ޼ŵĵصͽ֯ͱͳˣĻڣһЩƽӹԿɳ֮
Ҳ㲻Ͽɳ֮ɣϾȥɷ壬ֻ޼ŵͨ似òɵκԴҩһжÿԼȥǷֻһ޼ŵݶѡ
һЩϲ˵ݻ߳ȥƾݣһЩ֪ɢ޺ССɵĵǼɵˣ˵ܻòٺô
Ҳǡ
ɾͲˣôĵӿǷǳɷˣ˵ȥʮɷˣһֱǼĵӵ裬޵һ;һãǾѡ
Сۡ
ʶǿ󣬾Щ˵󣬵ĺֻǣô⣬˵鷳֮ǰ峿ʱֱѾҹ鷳ˡ
ܿ죬ѭϤ·صɷײ
ͨɷ̨ԭѾưˣʱȴưܵʯ̨Ͽ˲ٽۣԭЩưܵʯױøãطն˳ңȽۣһ·쵽ɷ֮ϡ
ɫ΢ưܵʯףŷ嶥ȥ
ɷ岢̫ߣܿ죬˴ʯס
ң
ǱߵľʯʣҲ£ˣ

ԶԶģ˵Լ
ĲӸЩܿ͵˷嶥嶥ĲеǰȥеǰվŲӰ峿ʱ鷳˺ȻСƫͷȥԭ˵ĲеøЩб˲ʯݲݣļľһѰĥõʯҲãһߡ
ʱ䣬ɫױ
֣еǰһ˽ͣ졣
ʦ֣˵ǣ
꺮
ԱߣȻҲˣǺݺݵĶ졣峿ʱ֣˱ɷ壬Ѱ˵ҩˣҵԼʶʦǰɷѰ𣬷첻ڷľʯʳѰ˲ʯݲ֮õĲеڡ
ʱ˶ЦӺ
űʹĽӣλʦܣδЩſˡ
һ
ΪУѰʶǿеһˡ
ɫ䣬һǰȥ
ɫ΢ˣں㡭
飡
ǰֱ̧ȣһŽ߷ɣݺײڲԶĲеϡ
һĻʱ˽Աɫ
ôĵӣȻҶĽ
ž
ɫĮһƳһʶǿķɣѪС
ȥؾ˻伮֮õĴȴʯݲݣľʯʱ˻ٵⲻʲô£˶ӵоȴܣͲһ˶˵ʲôֱӳѹ
ˣ
飡
һţһʶصǿ߱߷ɣȥԶ
λʦСģǿ
е
וּһһֱӽᴩѪˮգʺĿ

ҽУ˵ĸŵŵŵĺˡ
һ̣죬¶˿־֮ɫһᴩ˸
ﬣ
ۣ
һâɨҽУֱ۰򱻹ᴩ
նȴܿҪ޼ţڵʲôɱˣһˣڿɲɱˡ

ҽУɫޱȲ԰ס
һļ£ʱĸʶصĽʦֿǰһһɭɭ캮ܺãĺܴ󣡡
ûʲô˵ģһζ˲ǰٶ֮쿰ƺˡ
㡭
飡
ץ˵ԴϥǺݺݶ˸ʱ˲ҽУŶӰڵأʹĶ亹
ܣ˶סˣδֵĵʶصĽʦ֣ˣľû뵽ɷ˾ȻֲʶΪоȻû˿֮
ˣôᵽɷ
ʶصĽʦֳɫޱء
ֱ̧֣һն
⡭
ۣ
ɨɨɣѪǱĵڵϡ
תۼ䣬ʶǿߣȫ˵ϣһǶ֡
ޱ飬ˡ
㡭ʲô
˿־塣
ɫ䵭ǰȥֱӶ֣һ˵ա

ģҡ
ǣ
飡
𣬱򡭡顭
ס֣Ǵʦ֪һ
ͣͣ£
ӵĮȺ֣ĸҺж¶˿־֮ɫ
ȻֺзִͽÿһζǱܿҪЩ˸о׶ĵʹֲ˵Щ˵ľǡ
һʱ䣬ɷϲҽвϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͣжһɭɭֱָһˣѵڵʯݲɾٵľ޺ãʯʸҰƻʯ̨Ҳ޲ãҪʯ̨ף
ʲô
ڵʯݲݣǿɾٵľʯҲԻ㣬ʯ̨ױͲƲȻҪŪʯ̨ף̫ˣ
ԲУ
һɫࡣ
ɫĮוּһ𶯳̶Хûּۻ۵ʸ񣡡
㡭ɫ㵨̫ˣˣǷԲŹģ
ƫͷֱһŽ߷ɡ
ɷô޼ʮ֮һܺûˣɸı䲻ʵ˴ɷƻ֮£ЩڻԻʱɷйǰԿΪΥŹ棬輰ɷǷǣǷҲԶ˵ʲô
ĵ


299 ۸ͷͷͷ
е˽ǱɫΪ˵Ĳɷ御ûˣǵҲǳͨɾǿߣ޼ŵǰͳɷƻû̫粨ǲҪֻڵĵӼ໥¾ûʲôˡִˣľĽôùľһˣǸʱ򣬾Ľ֪ɷʲôΪ˹˼ɷϣҲԻϳǡ
뵽һ˵ɫǱúѿ
䵭һˣԼǶ
㡭
飡
˿ڣֱӱһ߷ɡ
û롣

гһ𣬽ХɢԵ÷ǳ̶
һɫ࣬вǣֻǣǿѾĿãʶǿ߶һ֮ΣʱǻһķǣǸʱǿ޶ûطȥ
գҧŵǱŲȥʼеʯͿݲݡ
Ͷˣһȥʯס
˵
һҧгݣȴûκΰ취ֻĲ鲻Ըĳʯ״ȥ
ܹʮˣеľʯʣʯ̨ס
ʯ̨״һʯ̨ףһ໥ӣнʲô
ϣ
ʱһɹ˽űߡ
վɷϣĮȰǲҪʲô⣬ʵʵĽʯ̨ãеĽ顣
˶ʱɫһףǲקȭͷȫʵϾûԸƾװһ첢˵˵ѣǾԲ飬Ϊ֮ǰѾ˰켸ϻȾŴĿѪ졣

˷ŭ
Ȼܷŭȴֻŭļ䡣
ϵ̫ǳңȻɵɣǱ˵Գܡ˴ɷ°ɽѰʯʯ̨ףܿǴʱȥҲʱ˴ﾭǣ¶ı顣
ⲻĽʦô
Ľçʦ֣ǱߡĽˡ
ǣɷʯ̨ף𣿡
񡭡ƺȷǰ
⣬ô£
һĻ˶Ź֡
˵ջһƬĽӣѾ࣬ȴΧۣһɷƵʯףǶˡһǵͷжĺνǴﵽ˶㡣
͵

漴һâɷ嶥
һϽֶΪΪ⣬ʱԷ
ɷ£̧ͷ嶥Ϊɷ񲢲ߣΪЩ˶ʿϡ˿ڷ嶥æµ⼸Ӱɫ䡣
⡭
ڷ嶥ľʯʣĽˡ
ǸɷˣȻŽڿţ
ҵ죬ȻĽɿ
桭ˣ
һĿɿڴ
ܿ죬Ϣͬ˳㣬תۼ䴫޼ţɷ˷ϲģĽʮʦֿɷеʯ̨ף½ľʯʣʱ޼źȻ󾪣һ㡣
޼ŵӳɷȥеɷɽʯ̨ʱ嶥Ųеʱֽʱһ˽Ŀ࣬·һ㣬㵱ʯ
ӡȻĿĽһȺʦ֣
е˿ʶǿ߰Ȼ˿⡭
Ǹˣòǽ죬ôǿе˾ȻǶ֣
ҵ죬⡭ô°
ۻˣһۻˣ
˾ĲС
ģԽԽɷ£漴ǱĿɿڴ
һ˵ɷˣȻֵԻ͵Ľĵӿֱ̫ˣ޼ʷĿһ¡
ȺУһŮ֣ǰ⻭棬ɵ͡ŮȻǰɨɫе˺󣬱ǵɷ嶥һ죺һ̫ˣˣȴЦ⣬ȻǾúȤ
С
ҡͷľ˵¡
ۣ̫ˣߣǰѷϵĻľҲ޼£
죺
ѾͷǸСħɷȻˣȴҲǺܴҪϵĻľҲ޼һ£ûи£ܹĵ
˶٣קһߡ
ι

ɨܣʵǰ׼ҵˣ
Ʋ죺ϻհףǰ׼ҵˣѵǺڼҵˡ
ðߣ̲ס°ĶͷʵϹŰ׼ң
ң
ĥһץסĶ䡣
֣
ɣ
죺
ϴ󾢣Ž㣬ǲϹŰ׼ҵˣ
֪ˣ
Ʋ졣
ȻǡڰֱӣЩ죬ҲЩжϹŰ׼ҿǵڶĶԷšϹŰ׼ˡݣȴһҲ˶٣ʵˣҿ伮ϵļأ׼Ҿʮ֮ϣԱǰ׼ܱ޼ǿ٣
ﶢ죺֪
Ȼ
ͷ
˫г״Ц򵥵˵ҼҴԸ⣬޼Ĵָ̣˵ţﻮƵĲĨ¡
ָ
ľ̲ס˿
޼ŴеҲǳƾãϹǰȴֻСô˵ϹҸõжֲòд澳ǿɣͬʱŰҲЩ죬ӰﻰеġҼҴˡڰ׼ҵĵλòƺܲһ㣬򲻿ھ˵ҼҴˡĸ
ϹҺʹʥأ̺ܿµģԺǧ⼸ˡѵõЩ֣أ漴ԵЩ޼ǸϺҲ֪ˣϽ޼Ǽͨ
ϽŹˡ̲ס˷ۣ˵òƲʶ磬õͨΣûͨɾΪǲʹá
Ķ죺׳𣿡
죺
ܲܺú˵

Ʋ죬˭ֻеͨɾͨ
ѵǣͨҪתõͨɾаɡ
ü
ɵ
죺
ϸָǰ˻ΣԸͷ˵ٸ򵥵ӣǰԪǶ۸ͷǷͷͬһˣʹѲͬĸͷ˵۸ͷͿ
΢⡭
ܿİɣ޷ǾǿľѵʱҪȷͷһЩѡ
쾲˼ǣԪҲʹͨǱʩչͨҪһЩ
ӿɽҲ
ͷ


300 
ðȷʵе
似ͨǵļһԵͬľΪ֮򵥵˵վ似ָռռϵʿ֮ܽӳָͨͨͨɾͨɾϵǿ֮ܽӳƣ˵ͨɾͲʹãͺñЩʶʿҲʹվ似һ似ͨϾܻԪ֣𲢲󡣡

ͷԭˡ
˶٣һЦǰ׼ΪĴӦвǿͨɣôԵҪһֺ
ѧ
Ȼ
Цĵǰи޼˶ٵѧҼһһҹʧӰ٣ȫ㻹ҪҪѧ

ֻѧһѣǰ׼ҾȻ˼ţ̫˰ɣ
Щԡ
﷭ۣ㶮ʲôϹҺʹʥأڹžĸڣ˵Ǹѧǰ׼ҡ޾еһطҪǴȥǰ׼ҵĴǺܴģܹ·
룬û£ҹһˣȻһʲô£Ұɡ
ޣ붼룬㣬Ҫ⣡˵һСʿ̫ʥغͨʥصʥѧҼطҲǿջбһۣңһļԱﵽʶ磬Ӵ޾ﵽʶ󣬾ѧ޾ҲҽˣһҪйܵ뷨һʱͻᱻʶڵƻٵʶҪǿпʶҲеƣ˫˫³
һ̫˰ɣǶԼҲôݣ
û취Ǳ崫еһֶΡȻһЩԼǳҪĵϵԾͲƵĴڣЩϵԽ̸˹žҪõʶԻ٣Ǹһҹ䱻ž°ǰ׼ҵһϵŴеõһҪȻѧ
°ͣʶûưɣ
һ㶣漴Ʋ죬б졣
ûС

ҿԽ㣬ǣԲ㣬Ϊں㡣
㺦ңҲ¡
ҧ㣡
ĥֱȥ
ЩԣôҲϹҵˣҵλͣôһ㶼עӰ졣һЩƿʵ˵ȻǼô޼ʲôֻΪѰ
ڼˣתתܵ𡣡Ʋ죬ɫ˼֣ʵ˵ĺܿ£ΪŴ𿪴طǰ׼޾Ҫǿܶ౶һڹ屦
һ˵޾ǰ׼ĸڣ԰ɣ
԰
ͷ
ô˵ĳ˵õһϵķЩʱգǿԿһǰ׼Ҹǿʢ۷
ԣʱһЦ
Цʲô
ɡ
ֹסЦ۵ΪŴ𿪴ʲôΪκ˶ѧ᣿طѶȸߵľˣһ˸ûпѧᣬѧĶ˶٣ֵңΪһôôҪ޾ۣɲһһϦܴﵽ¡
һ㶣һĴҲ˿ڣƹŴһƿأֻͨáŰô˵õҲܹͲͽһ𡣡
ʲôͽһִ򣡡ߺߣûѧ񷨣
죺
㻹ǽҼǰ׼ҵǿɡ
˵
붼룡
죺
˵Ľ̸ɰɷľļĽĹǺһɫˡͬһʱ䣬ɷҲŲĿɿڴǼŰˣӣı͸Ӳˣûʮ忼˵ķϲģӰŮǡ
ʱϣ˲ű¡
һӣȥʮ꣬üĿĺӢΰ
ʦ֣
꾪ϲ
ɷϣĽҲѣȫͣж
ĽЩˣȻɷҲ΢΢ɫ
Ľ̳Ȼʶ죬ĽͬУûм֣һǿ߳ɷϣ˶ݡ
еʦ֣Ľ壬ʦֿɵ
˵ţ죬һ޵ı顣
ԱߣҲǺݺݵĶ죬һ޲óı顣
ﬣ
Хһɽ絴ֱӽɣǱ
ͣˣ
бӼˡ
־ŭֱ
⡭
ˣһȻˣȻ潣Ľˣʵǵ죡
һǿ
ΣɺЩ˲һԶˡ
Ҳǡ
˵
ɫȻãΪβһЩ
ҴĽȥնĽʯףĽΣٽʯݲȫĽĵͥһЩÿɺã
췴ʡ
һˣѵɷ£
ǰ˵ɷĽ嶼ңɷˣҲûôֹ
Σ㲻ʲô
ǷڣҪǷǰɷԻʱڣ˭ˣ
⡭
ļһǹ񣬾Ȼһȫɷϡ
˵֪Եɡ
һ£˲Ⱦһ˿ǳݣȥΣͬΪ޼ŵĵӣô̫ˣ輰ĽʦܣܵЩʲôλʦܽһʦ֣Ͷ˫Ⱥˡ
㻹ǹš
Ц
Ը㣬ѡ

ﴫСģȷʵ򵥣̵Ϣǿ󡣡
ʱѾ֣һƳճȥ˫ԺΪʦ֣ҸһССѵסҪ͵һЩҪ̫ſ񡣡һȥ˶Ϊˡ
Ľļ幦Ƿǳǿͬ档
ȷʵ˵ǣʶп֡
Ҫùˣ
ᱻհɣ
˵
˵
ҲǶݣһƵĿ£첻ҪӲӡ
ȴɫƽֱһȭӭȥ治֪Խд
ȭײһ𣬶ʱ䣬ͷѵ
ө֮ҲԣȻʦԿ
Լ
ã
˴Цоǽ
ɷ£ҡͷʶڣȷʵܺ⡣

ֱȭͷӭȥʵ̫ˣЩɡ
۵
һ̣һƺ붯ݣеȻֹ˵ҰУ쾲ʹüŵŵŵĺˣֻ̽ƾȫŤΣѪˮ˳


301 ȭ
ˣŤΣѪˮ˳Ŀġ
⡭
ôǣȻǸµӣ
ܰ
ûܹƽȫסˡ
֪Ľ弫ΪĴ֮ʶڼ޵УȴһȭƲҵ鿪˶ɫ
һȻô֮ǰôûء
ﹾ档
춢Ϊʦܣûʲôһȭ͵ʦ֣ʦպ͵һЩҪ̫ԽУ˵ʲôʱˡ
˵ַŵɫʱ
òϣС㣡

䣬һ󽣺һֻУԪʱ䱬
Ʒ
˾
󽣹âƣһ־˵ıԣĲ˫ĿŹ⡣Ҫ֪һƷ߰˵ųɵսֵߣңƷԲĲ϶ɣǳӲʹܵĲΧ߽ԺĽ
Ʒһƶʱˣ·һʵУԭֻ˫ȣ㰲ڴϷ˼£ҹʴˣôټһֱۺˣȥ϶෴˼¡
䣡
Ԫӿϵٴ
ޱ飬һŽűߵһʯ˹ȥԽ
һն£ʱʯնķ飬ǻ˷ĩ
Ȼһն˷ĩ
ǿƷƷǿ̫ˣоһ𡣡
ҪҲһǾͺˣ
ľ
ﴫСһЩƷܲһ㣬ӦܹųҵսҲ˵ڲԿʶǿߡ
һöҩ˵ž죬Ǻܿͻָ˴롣Ʒ󽣣ȥЩʵ۽ȴվ͵㳤һЩʶ㿴Ʒ߶Ŀʶصս
һƣܼĽ⻷ƶ
Цסҡͷ
Խ𣿡
ʦ澳ǿߣۼ澳ǿߵսĿùϾƹǱƵľȪ̻صܣһʶʿһƷȻ۽ԶԣʵںܺЦ
ɫ䣬ֱ̧֣콣âɨ졣
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Х쳹ܣâ鲼գ붯ݣɵõһ
Ľƣһת۷ܣʵЩ¡
Сģ
ѡ
쵭ĮһЦŲһΣֱӭȥ
һֻȭ졣

ӭ콣⣬ֱһȭ¡
͵ֻһ˲ѣеĽâȫҵķ顣
ҵ죬⡭
˽⣿⡭ʲôǰ
£
ɷ£һΧӲûɳ
ЩˣԼҲɫ͵һȭסˡֱӣһȭеĽ⣬͵Ĳһ£ȻʱѾǰʱɫһ䣬æ̧ն
ɫĮû˿Ķֻһȭѹ¡
һȭֱֱڴ󽣵Ľ֮ϣǷһ졣
⣬
ղһȭǣǣֱӻڽϵģԣ԰ɣ
ãûп
ȻֿȭӲƷ
⡭
˶ˣ촽£ﶼЩˡ
ȭȻӲƷȭͷ뽣ײ¹һ붼ļ£һ㲻þͻᱻĽȭͷϵֱۣȻڣôˣ󣬻ڽϵȭͷ˿𣬷ѹסƷ
һĻǰﶼԲ˫ֱۣһͷް

УӳڶȭٴĴϡ
ӿϣֻоֱ۷飬ĳȥ

ŲһΣٴαƽһȭ¡
ɫٶ̫ˣԷֻ񵲡

һȭƳͣݺѹڴ֮ϡ
ңʱһ촫ɫǰȥֻеƷϣȻһѺۣд
ɡƷҳѺۣ
⡭
ת𣿳ֿȭȻƷ
ľ
ӳȭͷ󣬾ûͣ£һȭȭѹ£ÿһζƷӲӲÿһζĵˡ



ȭ󽣲ײҲһδ
ڣھȭ£һеĴ󽣳ױ飬ķѡ
ѽ⡭ˣ
ƷȻȭˣ
ģı̬
ʶʿôܻôǿ⡭ûпܲŶ԰
޷⣡
˲³
ŴС죬ƯĴ۾ǾɫһֿȭӲƷˣǼֱһǿᣬȾ߱ϹҺʹʥҲѰˡ
ɫʱޱѿƷǿȻȭ飬ľʹ
㾹Ȼ
飡
̧ȣֱһŽ߷ɡ
νƷ߶ǿս
Į
ɫʱࣺ㡭
飡
һֲŸճڣһţֱӽ֮ɷɽ
վڷ嶥ȡĳȻˣͱôɵ뿪һʯ̨ףʲôʱ޺ˣʲôʱĽ塣
ܣݡ
ۣ
һɹֱӹᴩı۰һҽС
ˣҲں̸
һȻҪҲһʯ̨ף
ѽˣ
Ľķ֪ˣƵѪǡ
˵
һԻʮӿ£޼ʷֹ
ɫ԰ףŭ죬Ȼӭʱȴǲɵһеĳ䣬â£ʱпնڶʹ΢ɵһɿ־ͺ£û
ʦ֣̣ȴʦֳأǱ𣡡
С
ҧҧʵĿһۣȴֻ
͵

ʮ£նˣնеˣһɫ
ŭһһɫ࣬æ
ţɷνϲģȻô£
˵һȻôǿΪʲôܵɷ̫ˣ
㲻
һ̫ˣȻưܵɷ塣
ǽˣ˵Ӳ֪ܹ
ֹĽҲǲඪˡ
ɲǡ
ۡ
Щ˵ɫøѿһ޲졣
鵭Įųˣһ๤ģ
ʱ˹һѽקһߣƯĴ۾ֱֱĵʵǲ壡


302 ֻ
ʵЩȣʶѣȻӵôǿǣȭǿкһƷֱЩˣһЩ޵Ҳûôǿ
壿ǡ
ҡͷ
ѣק죬ĥֻʶѣȴѾﵽղΣԿǿߣܲٸ巨ҲﲻȲΣڵҸ綼˶ˣ
Ҳӻʵ𣿡
ѹڵ㣬ȺˮҪ
Ʋ졣
죺
˵ôһ١

ô۾˵ʲô
˵лһü磬ǺεΰӢӡ

ڶͬҸһսˣˡ
ô
졣
ڶޱȹ󣬳ȴϹŰ׼⣬ʥأͨʥأ̫ʥԼһϹң˶ĳȻͬȻȺ貣Ȼȴ֮ͬһս˲ˣȷʵǿ
ǵȻҸ壡

һ壿
壬ʮ֮һųһȭɨһƬ׺ǿЩֲ
Щ𺳣ĸ羹Ȼ壡
þȣ£ڶ֪бһۣ漴ð˾âץʵǲ壡ͨԲ޳ôǿǣҲУ
治壬һ已̥

ĥѣ
죺ӭŰɵĹԲĴ۾ЩΣֵ̯̯һ已̥Ҫô˵ţ
ҿıԴ

ܿԴ
졣
ﵽʶܿһ˵ıԴȻΪû٣Ҫ岻ֿҵʶСﶢ죬ҿֲẦ㣡
ü΢Щԥ
ԴһʿԿǷǳҪóȻñ˹ۿ֮١
㻳ң

죺
Ҷûҵݣ˵ǰ׼ô£Ҹ¶ˣȻңɵң̫ˣ
ί
죺
ô˵Щ˼
˶٣˵ðɣ˵ãֻܿԴ
ǵãԴ帹λã֮Ϊġ֮һֻܿԴΪİɨʶϾʶһⶫǳԲ֪ܻкܴ鷳
ЩͷĳλƲŲ
϶ʱðߣ
˴֣˵㣬壬Ҫֵһжҡ
캹գ̲סС⻰˵Щ壬ǸŮ
һ㶣漴ޣҪ
죺
һɨһܣ壬ŰüһƬԣǸһʥĸоһ̣˫Ҳһ㵭Ĺ⸲Уֱֱĸ
оЩڣֻһֱ˿ӵĸо
ﶢĸԵЩС˷ܣȴǽ˺ÿüͷ
ôˣ
ʵ
𳳣
ȵ
죺
˵ıԴôףԶԡ
ֱֱĸģÿüͷĸ
ɣҪų𣿡
ûų㡣
ıԴųң
ЩΣѾܷˣٷɾ͵˯ȥˡ
ٷЩ

һֻżġ
ǣüͷȴԽԽŤһšֱֹȥʮͣĥ̫ˣıԴһֱųң
ǹʲô£ҶѾܷˡ
Цá
ҧǱ˶־СħһƱԴſ͸
һһƱԴʲôԴҲ𣡡
ģû⣡

˵ţоһĹ԰ڳûڡ
ɲǼ䣬оԼޱȱ䣬׹Ԩһ㡣Ȼָоֻһ˲ѣһ̣Ĺڳûڡ
˫ۣĥ֨֨죺ȻҵıԴҲųһﻹ˵û⣡ҿǡ˵ֹס˻ݺݵĶ죺֮ʵ㵽һ壡ͨʾ޷ųҵıԴ
治֪һ已̥
ԡ
죺˵˵Ȼңˣ
ΣҪ㣬ˡ
ģ
ɵ
ġ
ͷ
ﶢ쿴Ƭֱ̣ȷû˵ɿ죬ƯüͷȴĸʶԶ뿴Դȷʵͨûʲô𣬿κʶȴֻԶ뿴ţ޷ⲻֵǣȻҵıԴӽˣ
ֹʲôأ
ʵ
̧ͷ죬ĥûκǣʾд⣡˵ţһһק죬ǲֻ壿
Ʋ죺Ҫֻ壬ھȥһ١
˵ʲôҸҸû㣡

˭˵ѹұȺˮҪ
Сۣ﷭ۣƾڵ㣬Ҳ˵Ҹ磬Ҹһָѹ㡣
ǿɲһ漴Щ棺˵֮ǰҾͷˣһܲϲֻӣΪʲô
ߵ˭þŴ˵ʲôֻһ壡ֻ壡
캹գղŻ˵СأǸСۣ˶٣˵˵Ҫ仰ϲֻ壬Ҳʮһ岻ϲŶԣŴʲô֣һӡ
ϲܵ𣡡

ҧһԸһȱǿˣѹ˼ļϹŶڶץֻˮģԻֲݡ
죺
ǸСħ
˵Ľ̸һۣɫѾװ
Ѿе˳޺ľŪʯʣͬɷʯ̨ףΪ뱻Χۣһ˵ٶȿľˡ
ɣסԺɷ壬ɽʾ

ɽʾɷڿû
һ˲ĵ
̧ȣűһȭͷСʯֱ߳ؿڣ˲ҽһֱӴɷɽԵȥ
ûзȻĹߣҪɽҪҵͬ⣡ǲ
Į
ɷвΧۣ⻰һǲĵ
ǿư
ֹ
ɫ࣬ûκٿڣɨһۣȥʱһȺΧܶǣһҲ


303 ӡӡ
վɷ嶥ĿȥɽŵһȺΧߣλʦ֣ɢȥɡƽȴ
˿һۣ໥ӺǸ뿪
ǸˣĽѹ˿Щĸǡ
ܿ죬ɷµȺǳɢȥ
һ¿ǳˣСĵ㣬ĽЩ˿϶

Ȼװ˼Ľһ˿ɷĽĽܳѹЩ˵ԣԲưոݡԴҲô⣺νһһһ˫
Nɪһۣ£Ľִºͷ϶֣ĽǿĵҲ뵽У˵Ѿﵽվ磬ڵΪܹԸվǿ𣿡
΢Ǻǿ󣬲սʤվǿߣȷʵûʲôա
ŰЦô˵ںΣˣ㻹ǽҼǰ׼ҵĺɣҪȻҿܻᱻĽǸǿĵӸˡ
ܣ˵ˣ붼룡
һڻؾ
죺
顣

˵ʲô

˵绪޹£ɣ˫
ڵ
΢죬컬࣡
ûãҲ뿪ˣ޼壬ģ񷸡ֳ˵ǳ
ɨһգҡҡͷɷһȥ
ʶ󡣡
ǰ
ɷڴ󣬷ֱʶĴǵĴȻѾЩȴܻЩõġ߽ʶڣһתעһЩУʱ䣬ɢĹ⡣
ˣ
Ŵתǳǿ£Ⱦһ㵭ԡ
ʱоԼʶȹâУʶʼнԾȻתļʶҲǿʼж΢ȣֻʱ໹ԭԭĲȴЧ֮ڵǺǶҪǿʢ١
ǵڶʮ֮һƵĴҲܣ
찵Ծȡ
һͶ뵽֮С
ǰȴﵽʶ죬ûüΪ˿ʱ֪뽨޼ι̣Ҫÿһߵ̤̤ʵʵǲȻպпܻһЩ谭ңÿһ̤ʵŪȹһЩڼսҲżһ
ˣ
â⣬ɷʶУʶԽԽӨ
ˣһ۱һҹȥ
峿ʱ֣ã͸¶ɢŵ߲ɫâ
ɷϣʶУһһĹʶΪֱֹȥһʱ˹˫ۡ
˫Уâһţվֹǣ
ϼһﴫҵͨ

˫ۣʶһӡ̸ļ䡣
ӡܣѾȻųƿԷӡˣǷӡԼ˶٣ʼƪȥȻʶʿҲͨȻӡǹŴµһܹ֮ƿأؽʹüս
ӣܿüͷӡȥҪ漰棬ӡӡ쿴һͷˮֶһҲ˽⡣
˶٣վɷ壬޼Ųؾȥ
ţؾӦûйӡӡĹż
޼Ųһգٴμ죬˶ּɫ
ɷˣ潫Ľһ˿ɷ
ϻǸʶصѹ
Ǹѹˣ⡭Ȼôǿôܵɷȥ
˭ֿ֪һ
֮Ժɱˣһûкùӳԣһ￴㣬Ҳʮӣֶκأ
Сۡ
ռ䣬ѹĽһɷʶܣͽֻٵƷתۼǴ޼ţĿࡣѾ޼ţ
ܹЩ˵ȴô⣬治ɫĳŲؾȥ
ܿ죬ؾһѰҺ󣬳һͨӡ
иͨߣϰ෨ӡ
첻ɵ
Ȿͨӡ͸ӵͨƪϸӡӡһ·ȥνӡʵϺ͡ӡ۲մߣָֻԪѣǡС
쳯ȥӡƪϣνӡǻ˫ִһӡԴǣԪĳֹԵ𶯣Ӷжӡȷķ࣬Ϊʮֻӡиͨӡʮֻӡ϶ɣԽǸͨԽҪιԵԪҲҪӡ
żԣһֻͨ漰ӡҲֻ漰ΨһЩͨŻ漰ӡⱾͨӡţԼоųɾŵͨҪӡҲȽϼ򵥡⣬ҲһЩΪͨҪӡҪǿ
˵ӡָԪӡ˫֣ʹڵԪ𶯣Ǽ临ӵͨŻ漰ӡô˵ӵͨˣҲԣϾ
ɨʶڵӡܹΪأÿ޳һؿһͼһʱֻ漰ӡҲԪ˵ڶأغ͵أҪӡʹԪˡ
ԵøЩ¿ȥʱǼһڶصӡĸҲᣬӡȻܹҪǧٵǧٴι𶯣صӡܹҪһǧӡصӡӿţȻҪǧӡ
⣬ʿٶԶͨ˿ɱȣӡҲ̫˰ɣ
쵹һ
ֻ˵ڶصӡǧٵӡӡӡ֮ǰļʱ̣ܶһҪļʱ䣬ͻʧܣңӡУκһӡҲᵼʧܣ޷ʩչͨοӡʱҪ໥ϣмҲǲܳκ©Ҳǻᵼͨʧܣңӡʱ䲻óʮ
̲ס¶ϵ亹ν
⡭ܹɹ𣿣
һ˶ӲͷƤ¿ȥżϻмأΪﵽһ̶ȣƿشﵽһ̶ȣԴﵽһ̶ȣĳЩͨʩչúܼ򵥣̧Ҫȥӡ˵ӡѾ֮ϣΪ˺ͺһıܡ
ǸϼһѾﵽȳ̶ˣ

ǵãʱϾƹʩչӡӡһֱۣòƲûл˫ֽӡȷǲǵһصӡϾһصӡҪӡϾƹֻʩչĵһӡ


304 ͨ
ϾƹǲѾﵽ˿Բӡĳ̶ȣʱʶڵӡͨ춼ǲɵõôӡҪڶʱϣκδӡӡ֮ļʱܶһ£һҪͨ͸ʹӡӡϣѶȣֱľˡ
ѹֻ˵һƿزˣ⻹治ܹͨ޵ĳɹ
ҡͷ
һԼۿⱾͨӡͨӡϵļϰõӡзʽУʮֻӡУŽͨӡŻԭ뿪ؾɷȥ
úصɷ壬ǿʼϰӡкӡᡣûдﵽͨɾ磬뻹ԶȴӡӡûһʵԵϵ£ɷϵʶУʼϰӡĻС
ؾǱͨӡֻǼ˼ֻӡзʽóϰ֪ͨΪӡ찴ǼֻзʽһδʹԪԪķʽ;
ˣ
ʼԵӡУһ͸
ˣһ۱һչȥ
һռ䣬Լֻӡзʽ˷ϰӡһ֪ʼϰӡӡΪʮֻӡ漰ӡĸͨӡʮֻӡɣʮӡ㸴ӣԼյʱ䣬콫ʮӡѧϰϡ
УÿһһӡоԪһֹԵľ𶯣ԣ𶯺ȭʱԪűϵĲ𣬼򵥵˵Ǽ߳ܶࡣò˵ǣΪпġţӡǿľˡ
⻹ľϲ
΢ϲ
Ϊʮָǳͽӡٶȶԣ˶߱ơʮӡÿһӡǣԪ𶯵һַʽҪӡãӡٶԽ죬ԽܸõĵԪ𶯣Ǵ£
췴ϰʮӡֱֹȥһ죬ͣ
ãʼһصӡ

ӡһֻ漰ӡֻ漰ԪҲûʱϵƣһҪЩȻҲֻԵڶصغ͵صӡԣһЩͨͨҪΪǱͨӡϿ󲿷ͨӡȽϼ򵥣ɣӡһصӡȴǷǳӣֻԿ±ͷ֣ѶȸߵЩˡ
ӡѶȻߣȴηӣ෴⼤ǿʢģΪţԽѵҲԽǿοѾ֪ӡǹŴ𿪴ط֮ǿԶһͨطԣȻ͸

³һ˫ۿʼ
ӡһؼӡҲԪʽΪ֮ǰϰ˼ֻӡУӴµӡԵЩʱӡһصҪ壬ſʼ
һӡӡУԪռȶķʽʽ似Ԫһ似ԪͨǻԪһͬͨԪǲͬͨУֵ֫Ԫ˳ֵ֫ԪڣĳЩֵԪתģʽһҲΪˣͨҪ似࣬ҲҪࡣ
Ȼ˵ͨ似ǿͬһʹ似ͨһʹãǾûˣͱ磬羳ǿʩչ弶似Ҳɱʩչͨɾʿ
ˣ
һһĹâø貣ڱԡ
ӡһصӡҲԪܹΪǧٸ׶ΣһδδδĴδܿ죬ʱٵţһδεĳֱȥʱ䣬ܹڲ£˳еԪĵһǧٸ׶ΣҪķѵʱ仹ǳá
̫ˡ

ǰ似ʱǳΪ޷ɹ似ҲʱƿأӡӡӡϤѾķ˲ʮʱ䣬ʮʱ䣬ȴȻûнһصӡѧᡣ
ҡҡͷЦ£վ׼ֹǡ
ѾգԱٹȵգܻǵϢһ¡

ʱֵʱɷϣƮƬƬҶһζ
ڷ嶥һľϣ̧ͷգҲЩɷͨľܶ࣬ҲĺܳԣµľοֱߣʱʱмֻúèһҲΧתèϡ
첻ɵһЦԴ˵Ҳ⣬ͷһֻСè
ǵ治ˡ
Цŵ
ͷèƫԴ죬һܺӡ
첻ɵЦ£̤·Ȼʱ䲻̫ãȴһһε棬߹һһɱ¾һֻСèͷһҲηоͦɣһֺĸо
΢ȡһöͨҩݸͷСè
Сè裬о׽ʱ˫һ¶֮ɫ֨֨ĽʱűߵһЩСƺҲˣǰצĽţзԿ£ſϣȻ˹̬䣬ֱĶ쿴
ݸʯȡĵҩ˷ָЩСһǡЩҩɽĹĹãǳ࣬ǶȴûжôʯҲֻǷŶѣЩСһǵҲ㷢Щôǣʱ߱ǾСǲ
ѽֶһֻ
һ
ɽ켸챻һȺС︲ˣɵЦ
벻ô׶ˣȻôЩСһǻӭ
˵ţϱһֻܡ
ֻۿ׶ˣ
ѹһȺɷ˵Լ׶񣿡Ʋ죬ȻЩ˶ǺöҲܻҸ˵޼žѰ˱ݡ
죺
úͰۣȡһЩҩιűߵСǡ
ȻõҩιèݳޣۣϲС𣿡
ϲϲ
ڵ
ЦĵûаҪϲһͷѩޣվ۷ŶǼ˼ͷƯ˳ֿɰҾ档
ԣϹңȻ˼ͷվ۷ѩޣҪ֪ǿѾܹΪˣȻ׼Ȧûбɽȥ˵ʵ͵жô¡
ҪҪѽ
գۡ
Ʋ죺Լ͸Ұɡ
ޣǷ򣡡

ʱȥãϢˣվʶȥ
ιιιȥ𣿡
׷ʵ
ϴ裬ҪҪһ
ڵ
Ҫ
ֱܿˡ


305 Ľǿ
߽ʶУʼӡһصӡУӡıԪͨνʮӡӡǽһͨϵͳֳʮ׶κٽ׶Σ˲ŷͺñ·ĳгԼָȴﵽڶ㣬Ȼӵڶﵽ㣬ٴӵﵽĵ㣬δﵽյ㣬һģһ
ˣ
ʶУӡһصļأԪһδε
ò˵ǸǳѵḶֱֹ́ȥգԵһӡзſ֮Ҫ֪ʶУϢȻ֮ǰյĿȴֻȡôһЧǰ似ȫܱȣ첻Ц
ˣȴоԪĸ˳ˣ֮ǰ׳˲١Щ죬漴ֲɵ΢̾Ŵ𿪴Ȼܲǿһøνһá
һվ߳ʶ
գϢһ±ȽϺá
֨֨
è
·׼Ϣʱһ㣬ո߳ʶʱɷϵһֻֻСǼȫ˳ɷ嶥ĲеΧ˸顣
ǡ
ˣ첻ɵһЦ
ֱߵľϣȡһЩҩ˷ָЩСһǡ
ŹȥʱСһᣬٴǰʶС

ӡзǳѣʶУһա
⼸Ｘÿ춼ɷʷǷͬŮһ鶯޼ϣ󲿷ԵնΧߣơ
ι
վʶ

۾
ҧ⼸ÿնɷ壬ȴһһæôߡ޼Щ׷оˣӿɶ񣬾Ȼôһߡ
Ǹļһ
ʶŴ۾졣
ʱͻȻɢ⣬һͼӰǰ
ֻһ˲ѣһ̣ͼ͵һˡ
ղǣ
ۡ
У˫ۣ΢΢ȭһĨâ
ˡ

ķʮգǽһصӡǿƿء
ǽ֮
а
˹һק죺һղʲô
һ似
ڵ
ӡ֮һʹóԣð￴ҲûʲôˡңӡǹŴ𿪴￴ˣҲһ֪ʲô
ѣĥǾ似ͨҾһͨ
ˣ似

ƭңҧ㣡
ֱ˹ȥ
¿ҧ
캹գŰϵĵ㣬ĵһ˿ͬʱҲЩΣһô鶯Ůϣҧˮȵĸо
СעϹҵĹ

ô
ܲŮ
ҧ㣡
죺
컹ûи߰ӡ£Ը˹ȥ
̫ˣ
졣
ֻεЦʵ˵ʲôȴ¶ܸ߶ԷȷʵЩΡ
ˣСһ㣬ĽǸǿòƿˣܻԸ㡣

һ漴ָֻ
лˡ
԰Ц
Ʋ죺лʲôл
һУֻʣԼҪɣ
޳ܣ
һ䣬תɷ塣
ŰܿӰݸһЦ漴ֱó
Ľǿӣվɨɷ壬лһĹ⣺ȻɷҲڵľһЩԱĴʩˣϾܲñԼ۸ԼҲ̫ˡ
£վ߽˷嶥Ĳе
ʯŲٵĿϣһ죬ûӡڲепӡƺơķյʱ䣬߲ݣӡ˰ัƺٸƣԷʽעƾڣ߳еƾٷʽƾɷ䡣
ˡ
лһĨĹ⡣
֣ߵһϢ˵ĵҩιʳܵűߵСǣһ۾ʱȥʱվչ֫ʶӡһصӡѾƿأҪ֮
ˣ
˸챦ׯϣƬ̺һŵͼǰ֡
ͼ΢תϽ֯һĪĵƣԿ͸ŵͼĳ֣ܵĿ΢΢ŤȻǱͼӰ죬֮ûȥãͼ͵һ飬ǹûڡ


Ԫתú󣬵ͼٴγ֡
Ƭؼ䣬κ¶ҪͨȻҲ⡣
ˣ
âƣʥͣϡ
췴ʩչһصӡǴﵽСɾ硣νСɣҲָܹΪɵʩչԶԶûﵽӡĵһصĺϸ̶ȣϾֻʶѡ
ݵͣ߳󣬶ʱвС
һЦЩѾϰЩСһĿ
һֻèԴȡҩֿǡ
ιǸǿӳˣˣ
һ𣬰ɷ
ͬһʱ䣬ϣһɰԪӿһꡣŶʮңɫޱĮڿи죬ܱ䡣
֣ǣյһأĽš
￿ߵ
ͷա
֣ǴϽ£ڷ嶥졣
ʦ֣
е˳֣ɷһĶ졣
ƫͷɨеˡ
ӭıĿ⣬е˶ͷһɵú˼ʮǰڼļ䣬Щη塣
ƫͷ֣ǡ
嶥С֣Ա߾Ҳ£èצ֣ǡ
䣡
һɰԪ֣ڵɱ⣬ɨܡ
վǿߵƣͨСֵܹʱ䣬֣ǲԶʮֻӣԼèԱɣڿоը˿Ѫˮһء
ʱŭô̫ˣ
֣ɫĮֻǶ졣
£Ǹ
֣Į
е˸Ķ죬񣬾ͷ·ڿһʬ塣
ƫͷһߣһֻСèĲʬڵϣֻʣԴͺµĲ֣ǵãֻСèǵϣһ㶼˫Զһֻܵʬ壬ʮǿҪԵģÿÿǺ̬䣬ǳɰԶһֻнëѪУǰֻǰצקĿţϣϧһζûɹ
ﬣ
̶ХһУ潣â֯
㣡
һ̼䣬ʮ籩ϯȵĽâɫ


306 ׽
񱩵Ԫӿһ޼ڵǰչַʽҵһǷʽ˶ݣĽâίʵЩ¡
Ȼƿôǿ似
ĶǴͶʦ
ֻǰŪʦѾվǿߣȹ
еɫ䡣
Ľɨתѹ֣ǡ
֣ĮһĿӡʮ
վ似ƣ
ʦִﵽվ磬Ӧܹӳˣ
ʦ֣
Ľһ˽е
촫СһЩվʿڲҪƴԪ似ʤпȻ㿰ǿԸڰ￴֣С̨ףмʶյĺ蹵ҪƾԪ似ʤ֣ǣϾǲܵ¡
֣ǵޱĮۻʰ㸩죺£Ǹ
쵰
֣ǣЩˡ
ޱ飬һն漴չΣһһӰ㿿˹ȥ
ÿ죡ʲô
ɫ
֣΢ݣֱӺˣܿһ
ʲô

бնͬһʱ䣬ȭݺȥ
˵һΪ֮
ǿĹ޵ٶȣֻſоһȭͷĲӰ
֣ǵɫø˼֣ٴκˣȻ͹ٶȣֻһ˲ѣǰȭһؿڡʹ֣ܣֻý˫ֵһȭ
һ֣˫Ųŵ棬Զڵһĺۼ
⡭
ʦ־Ȼ
ôܣ
е˽¶֮ɫ
ɫ䣬֣˿ӦĻᣬŲһΣٴγ˹ȥʱ·ǲŵƶÿһ¶һֵȻĸоߵư翣˶ȣɵĿɿڴ
ûмʲôƺǰ׼ҵi
ﾪȵĲС
һ̣ӰԵƻã֣ǵθȥٽȭңнɱĹʱʹ֣ЩмܣһΪٶڶΪȷʵܹв
ӶȭҵĿ죬ͬʱҲǲϻص
ǿϢ˲䴫ȥԶ
ûã޼ӶΧɷ壬ǰһĻ󣬸Ǵʧɫ
ǲĽ֣𣿾Ȼѹˣ
˵֣ѾﵽղΰǸɷģѵҲ
ûУܹоֻǴʶ죡
⡭
̫̬˰ɣ
˶󾪡
ԭ˶ΪǺͨ޼ʮĿ˲ѡɷ壬Ӷһ޼ŵӵݣȴȻǿѹĽһڷ嶥ɿʶѹʹЩ˶Ŀһ޴ת䣬ڣЩٴˣǵҰУ쾹ȻĽǿ֣ǶƵˣ
ˣ
֣
վǿߣȻʶʿƵǰȻʶʿˣǺܶ˵¡һǿԪǰ۳һĻ졣
Զ
ݺһȭȥ
һ֣ǰԪĻ̼飬ķѡ
ǿߵԪĻȻһȭͱˣ
⡭
ģ˵ֱǸα
ࡣ
ɴ˫ۣ֪ǿȴǱסˣ̫ǿˣ
֣ɫĮһͻأ֣ն졣
Ʒƽ
˾
ƽһוּһŤ
һƿνǷͬѰʱȥ˼鷳һ첻ԴȭӭϾƷϰǿߵǿʢԪֲܿһеıϡ
ײһ𣬶ʱһ
һ̣д촫
еı֣ǵһ£ֱķѡ
֣ǿ粽ϣеƽĮն¡
ˣ֣ܿһ
֣ٴαϡ
ƽһδն£ݵ죬˿ԿԵŤۼ
ƷǿУӳƿνǿˡ
ƽֺ֣ϵԱǿ࣬ѹȸС
䵭ǚiܣϳȥ
ǿ߾ǿߣ˲ѹǸ졣
ҲǺ£Ͼ߼С̨׺һ󾳽蹵ܵס֮ǰֻƾżٶȺǿһϮѣ濹⣬ܵסվ֣ǡ
죬Ҫˡ
ҡͷ
ʮǰѹĽһȺˣĽǿĵӳ֣˲Ҳ֪ΪζȻսһˣ϶쵹ù
ޱ飬ԳƷ֣ǣֻǚiܡƷһս֣֮Ǳռȷʵ޷濹⡣
ֻ𣡡
֣
˵ţһն£Զľķ顣
ʲôվʹƷôȥսͨǿߣ
ﲻֵĵ
֣ǲ⣬Įѹ죺Ľ壬Ҫ뵽ʲô죬֣ǻԪӿǿˣΪˣǵòҪ̫ſ񡣡
䣬֣һնĲӡ
һδ飬Ȼ뽫ͷ­նû˿˼ɡ
һ˽Ծ
⡭ɱΥŹ˰
ȷʵǣ
Σֻɷˣ⡣
Ҫǣ֣ǹǿ󣬶ʮʹﵽղΣšĵӣ֣ɱˣҲûʲôˣѵΪһȥĲôǿˣȥΪһŵǿߣ

̾Ҳһ
ֻǿϧ죬ᣬĺǿˣϧȴûгɳ
ۡ
ɭȻһգۼǰ
Сģ

ٳȥ֣ܿɱؿڴȴǶһĨѪۡ
ٶǺܿ졣
֣ǵ
˵ţ֣ƽٴѹ졣
һ㡣
֣Į
ƽ˸ɭ⣬ֱѹ졣
ΪԼ޵ˣ

䣬һ̼䣬һ潣âʱ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
˸ˡ
һµĳĻԵص׳գۼ鲼Уÿһ󽣶ɢޱȾ˵Ϣ·˺һС
⡭
ʲôǣ
춼ǽ
һĻɫԱ䡣
Բ˫ۣһﵽʲô˰ȻѧֶΣѵƿشƵѰʦԣЩԪ۳ɵĽѰʦ⡭ܼ׻Եصͻأʵо졣


307 Ĺɹ
ܼĻ󽣳죬ͷ鲼Ұ˶ɫ
⡭
ȫǻ𽣣ô£
ʲô
˺Ȼ
ڸ֮ϣռ䶼Ⱦһ죬ϢΪˡ
ɫ䵭һʱһ󽣳֣նȥ
ﬣ
ХһһųĻβͣյŤ
֣ü̧ƽ⳯ǰնȥ
ƽӴ󽣣ʱһ죬һɴԽӿ
һ֣ǱԶ
ʦ֣ôˣ
е˱ɫ
ʱ죬飬֣ȴһ󽣾ͱһɶԶеͷһ
ͬһʱ䣬Χ߾ȣݣ֣ǾȻһαԶ
ʱХ
һΣ󽣣ͬķ֣Ǳȥ
ವƿ𣬿ȵ±Ť˶ǱɫЩеĽʩչڣԼӣڵصףƽţȽȻ¾ˡ
֣Ǻὣбɨ
וּһܼĽ𶯣ϯʮֱ顣

Ǵʦ֣
Դʦ֣һжͽͣ
еЦ
еǰɫޱĮޱƽ
ﬣ
һһΣʮ󽣳£ն
ʮƣʮͬķն֣ǡ
֣Ƕݣһ鷳ʮ󽣣ÿһ̺żΪµңٶһ̱÷ǳ죬һԽ֮ȫն顣ˣ֣ȴҲδţһɨ󣬺һٴɨڶ
תۼ䣬ʮ󽣱ȫն顣
ã
ʦ޵еģ

е˴С
֣ɫĮ죺ЩõİϷҵҰڣûá
𡣡
ĻӦ
Ļ䣬֣ǽµĵͻأ𶯣һԵص׳׹ۡ
⡭
Ԫһôģ
ص׳ûֶΰ
һĻ˽ǵۡ
֣ǸǱɫٺˣͻأһ
ﬣ
̶ͬһʱ䣬ʮ׽Ը߿׹䣬ܣն
ܼĹʱְյǡô֣ǼǿȴҲԱܿ
ۣ
һ󽣲֣ǳֽı۰նһ䣬һۡ
֣նʮ󽣣ɶԶֽϣѪˮס¡
ЩĿ
һĻе˸ɫǵĴʦ֣Ȼնˣ
ҵ죬նǸ֣ǣ
޷ᷢ£
ʶذ
⵽ʲôֶΣδδţ
̫ˣ
⡭
Χ߲졣
ﾪȣֱֱĶ죬ĥһʹŹ֣һƿصĹɱֶΣ֮ǰͻȻֵĵͼȻôܣ
УɫĮԭزͬ
ܼĻͷеĸ߲ʣĽ
ﬣ
ХŶ֣ǣһһΣʮ
յЩŤ˶Ƚâ
̫Ŀ
̫ǿ
֣ǵɫø˼֣ƽһܼĽâɨ
ֻǣԽƴ߶ķ󽣷ǳǿһĽâԻٵ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿգܣͻ֣ǵĽӰӸͬĽǶɱȥ
֣ܣͬʱնһ⡣ͻȻŵĵطٴ𶯣֮ͬǰǰ㣬һ󽣳ն̴
ɫĮһʮٴѹ¡
וּһ𶯣˶ͷһ
֣Ƕݣܣƽն˶󽣣ǿ֣վǿߣʱҲУҪ񵲴ܳĻ󽣣ҪżԵص׳׽һʱüΪԵЩǱ
Ҳ֣ˣվ»ܵסôĻ󽣣Ҫ֪ĵĽƴ߶ƽʩչʽǿ˽ӽҪǻһʶʿͱնˡ
һĻУޱ𺳡
У֣ܣٶȺܿ죬ɫĮ
Ӹ䣬һٴ𶯣֣ǲŵĵ£һл󽣳׻ֱ֮
ﬣ
֣󽣳նͷ­ӣ࣬β
һĻ˽ļ¡
һȻҲֱɱ֣
ǿֵԻ͵ĽǿŵӰȻһҲ˼ɣ
ǡ񣡡
Һ
޼ŲֹŵӼǲɱͬȴǱֹΥŹ档
Ǹڶɱ֣Χ߲⣬Ͼ֣ǵݺʵΪĽǿԺ󽫻Ľһη޼ŵмڣȻ˼νĲɱͬŹ档ڣֻǷ˵ɷһӣ޼ŴɴʱȻҲǺ޹˼ɣֱ֣ɱ֣һļˣɺѹһɷһ̫࣬Ҫɱ֣ǣ̯һ£
ﬣ
â˷ն
֣ǲŵܣصʱʱл󽣳֮Щƽ󽣣һǵ˸߿ա߿ϣ֣Ǹ죬ĳӰʮȫ⡣
Ȼɵգˣص׳Ļ󽣲ʧȥɱЧ𣡡
ĥ
̧ͷĮӿ
ϻٵ󽣣һ̣תһеĻ𶯣ǷĴ̶ͬʱҲ𶯳ޱȾ˵׻֮⡣
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ƿ֮һ̣ܼĻͬʱ𶯣ͬʱ֣ǡ
˲ѣȫʮֱ֣ӽ֣Ƿм䡣
һĻ˸оһֻܲסҺ
⡭˭ܵס
ļ¡
У֣ǶݣƽնƸգһ󽣣ȻеĻ̫ˣ飬ӸĽǶϮ֣ǵ״֮ڵʱûкת٣ǱøǱЩ
ۣ
һ󽣲֣ǴȶնһѪ㽫ȸն
ͣ
һɨ֣ؿڶ㽫ؿڵƤսڻ
תۼ䣬֣ǸܵУȻվ磬ȴҲܴϹҲʡ
Ǹ֣ǣȻѹˣԵЩǱ
ļһֱǡ
ʶѣȻܽվ֣ǱƵ˵ز⡭Ҫ޼УӦҲû˿Ŷ԰ȴʲô⡭
˶𺳲⡣
ʦ֣
е̲סС
ʱ˿̣еĳԵЩˣܼĻ󽣱鲼ʮͬһ󽣵֣룬ֻܱܹ֮
תۼ䣬֣Ƕ˼Ѫۣ󽣲ˡ
ˣ

һ֣ɢ˸ǿĲ̼佫󽣱
Ը߿ո죬֣ǵıԵøĮЩֶȷʵ˰ϣһ㲻ԩΪֹˡ䣬֣ͻأһɫͬâ񵶹⣬תۼ֣ǻ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
󽣳ǲŸոտͱ֣ɫķ顣
ɫĮȴ΢΢һ
ǡ
ĽĴͨĹɹ⣡
ڴͨųƿɨһУ
˱ɫ


308 Ի
֣⣬һɫݺύԪȴһƣ·һִ㣬ĿȥĻȫ˳ȥ
һͨ
ƫͷ죬ƯĴ۾¶Щǡ
ã
ʦǿ

е˽е
ѹɷɿʧһȺ˿νǺ͸졣
̧ͷϵ֣ǣ΢ɫȴǲı䡣
ն
Į
֮ڶеĻһ֣ɨȥ
ƿ֮ϻصܼĻݺᣬĿŤ
֣Ǹ죬ҲǵĮһƬ⣬ɫƣֻ΢΢һʮɫ忪ͬϬĽ㣬̼佫ʮ顣
治ɫ΢Ļӿϡ
һΣ߰ϣһǽͰ˷ħ󣬶ʱÿеĻƴһγм֣ѹȥ
ֻǣ֣ɫ̫ǿȻ˱Ͱ˷ħȴҲɵס֣ɫƬ̺һα顣
ͽ͡
֣ǵ
Ը߿ո죬֣ȫɫΧм䣬ﲻе̬
治ɫһĻ󽣴ӵص׳𣬷նɱϡ
ֻǣֲֹۡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ󽣱飬׹ɢ
ǿ
Ĺɹ⣬ɨһУ
ͨҪҲѧǾͺˣ
ѰɣĽĴֻͨдﵽվʸѧ
վ
Ŀâ
֣Ǳһɫƣ㣬ǿľˡʱѹϵĻ󽣺ܶ࣬ȴʲôˣÿÿǱɫɨ
ûõģͨһ似ⲻˡ

ʱ֣ˣһɫһݺᣬ˷̼佫Ĵ󲿷ֻ󽣱ѣɢڲ֮ϡ
漴֣ǽ£졣
̧֣еĻ֣ǡ
˵ˣһжͽ͡
֣
ɫͬˮưŤֱУһС
칥ɱȥĻת۱Ѵ룬׹ڵϣ˲ʧһɶ
ûá
ֶֹȻܾˣǺͨȴǲ̫Զˡ
ǰ
ĹɹһųɨһУѶ
ϧˡ
ҡͷ
ʩչĹɹ֣˵ƶˣøĪ⡣Ļǿ£֣ɫȴǸ𲻵κãȥ޷֣ǵ壬Һܿͻᱻɫ顣
֣ɫĮһǰ
ˣ
΢̧֣֣һ졣
ⲢǼ򵥵ǹһƣƬɫ׷棬һѹ졣
üһȡһʩչʽ
䣡
ȵ׽ɨǿʢĲĿŤ
֣ǻµƲɫƣ͵ķ˷ʽУͬʱ֣ǵĴѹıϣǲһ죬ֱķѡ
ֻоһɰӿϣѪҺһѪˮ
ֻܵЩ𵴣֣ǵȻǿǿĲ
˵ţ̧֣֣һȥ
һƣɫӿϣͬһɫĺѹ졣
һһеĻȫң֣ǽŵ׵ĵҲл󽣳𣬴ӸͬĽ乥ɱ
ͽ͡
֣Į
Ʋգ֣ǸɱЩ󽣡
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
󽣿֣ǣ֮ǰ֣ɫ෴һУĻȫ飬ԵصͻأĻҲһҲ𲻵ϮЧûг׳ͱɫˡ
֣ǿ粽һĳɫѹ졣
Сģ
ﺰ
ͷһǚiһչٺԶܿ˼Ĺɹ⣬ʱѾ⼸Ĺɹǰ΢ݣһѾл潣ȫǰһĽǽ
ͣ
ɫ˲齣ǽһϡ
һ˲ѣֻо·һɽײԼؿڣ߹Ƿ·𶼱ѹˣһֱӿϺҪѹȥУֱӴӿӿ˳
ǵѪ֣ǣĹɹȷʵܿ¡
ĻѾûˣʲôֶΣ
֣ǵĮ
˵ţ֣ѹ죬һƻ¡
𶯣ɫ֣⣬ͬǽ⣬ͬǵâϳɱȥ
ˣȭȻ
䣡
һ޴ɫȭ˷̼֣ǰ
ȭ
һȭ̺żѹԪ͹ɱܾˡ
ֻǣ죬һȭã֣Ĺɹֱӷ顣
ȭ
֣ǵ
ˣ֣ǵɫȴǲޱ仯һּ䣬ܼĹɹѹ졣
ǚiܣȭͽϧκβɫ
飡
һΣĹɹɨУЩƺܵˡ
ɫĮն彣
䣡
һΣͽʩչͨеĽƣ𶯳ӿ񱩵׽
֣΢΢üһƻӳƬɫ
ɨķ彣ʱΡ
Ȼûá

Ĺɹȷʵǿǣƿص似޷֮⡣
ɨɡ
֣
Ĺɹɨͬ޵β
ܣѸٶ㿪
ĹɹԶĵϣʱըһ޴ӣķѡ
ÿ£
һѣȻըôһӣ
⣬ǸղźӲ˼⣬ȴ
ûʲô·
ģô˵ǻ쵰Ǹõжǿ
ļ¡
Щ˵ۣ
ǿΣֻܺҰȣڴʦֵͨǰã
Űɣʮʦֱؽն
ԣ
е
УܣٴǱ
ʱ֣ǵĽɫƺһת䣬֣ͬǰǱ֣ǵĹɹ⣬˿ֻ̣ܣ̶Ƭ̼䣬϶˲˺ۡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
𶯣֣ǵĹɹɨһӡ
ǚiܣƵɷּ䣬Ĺɹѹ

֣
Ų΢ƣ׼
һ˲䣬ͣƫͷ󣬴ʱһЩܺè·ڿսûΪŶӵ۾
죬
е
첻СһĴ۾ɵ΢΢Ц¡
ԲǚiôһЩСһﶼ
ˣĹɹ⣬鹻ˡ

ƫͷǰĹɹѹĿռ䶼͵ƺˡ
ɣ
е˴С
ʱ򣬼˶˷ܲѣΪһ̣ȻٶٿҲ㲻ˡ
һǼĹɹ⣬Ψһ
⡭
ˡ
ɷ˰ɡ
ϧˡ
ǰǼһǿ󡣡
Χҡͷ
ĥ
âӿ֣һ⳯ȥ
Ȼһ̣һȻֹס˽Ų
ˣ
ǰͻȻһĲת
ĹɹѾɨ죬ʯ䣬̧֣һŵͼ˲両֣̼佫Ĺɹ


309 
ͼ֯һص磬ƻãɢŵâԵЩۡ
תۼ䣬ϮɱĹɹ̼ʧӰ١
ǡǸʱĵͼ
ɫ
ӡʱżȻŵͼ˿ٴμ֮ǰͼøˣȻһֵۻʰϣͷһ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳɫ
ǣ
Ĺɹ⣬Ȼɵˣ
֪ǣȷʵʧˣ
˵ۡ
е˸ľʱһ¡
֣ǵɫ΢䣬ǰĵͼɫʲôĹɹȻʧӰ٣Щ𺳣£ǰɴδ
춢֣ǣ鲻䣬ʼ
ˢ
΢ԭһӰֳŵͼֱӳ֣ѹȥ
֣һʮĹɹɿѹ졣
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
Ĺɹ⻮ƿͬһֻֻļʸƱˡ
ɱ
ᴩ
ᴩ
е˴С
һקȭͷĶ졣
תۼ䣬Ĺɹ嵽ǰ
ʱһ˽˫ֱۣĶǰ
ޱ飬һֱԵͼѹϡ
΢Ĺɹ⿿ڵͼϣ˲ʧС纣һ㡣
Ĺɹ⣬֡ʧˣ
⣬Ǳͼˣ
ͼʲô似
ɫ䡣
ʱѾƵ֣ǰֱԵͼϡ
֣ǶݣһӣܼĹɹ⳯ûȥ
治ɫͼһǰ
ˣ
âƣ֣ɨĹɹ˲ȫʧ
֣Ǻˣɫ䣺⵽ʲôĹɹȺαʧӰ٣֣ǶһһƼɵ
¡

ͼһֱѹ֣ǡ
ʵϣԼҲЩȣĹɹȷʵǿһУɨһУȻʱӡһصĵͼʱȴ׾ٵĽ֮ˣӡһصĵͼѹĹɹ⣬о߱÷ǿһ㡣
ˣ
ͼ΢ɫ⻬ܡ
ʱ֣ǣԵͼѹϣͬʱֻӶȭ֣ǡ
ɨ䣡
֣ȣǿĹɹ⣬һ籩졣
һ̧ͷͼһ̼Ǵ󣬻ת
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
籩Ĺɹ⣬̼䱻һɶ
ͼתָᵯͷĵͼ̼䳯֣ǳȥ
⣿
ȥˣȻܶȥ
˱ɫ
ͼɣ̰֣ǣ;еĹɹȫʧ
ͬһʱ䣬ĮһһӰ˲俿֣ǰ
ͼԼΣ
֣
ͼ֣ǻ֣ܼĹɹٴӿ졣
Įܣֱһȭ
͵һԶͼ飬һ̣ȭ˸ֳµĵͼ
㡭
֣Ǳɫ
͵𣬳Ĺɹ̼䱻顣
ңȭƲ䣬ͼһǰ
֣ǶݣĹɹŵͼκãֻоǱһϵӡ˰㣬Եúӭȭ˵ĵͼһһߺܳȥһ߻ӳĹɹ⳯ѹ¡
ˣ
鲻䣬ͼ𶯣һ˸ɾ
֮ٴȥ
ǿԪӿսһĹɹ⣬ͼѤݺᡣ
ﬣ
֣ǻӶƽǿʢĽŭķѹ졣
鵭ĮͼһС
֣ߣǚiһδͼ֣ϡ
ͣͣͣ
Ĺɹһδεķ飬֣ǱƵĲϺˣԵúǱ
֣ɫ࣬񣬲Ĺɹ⣬ĽâӰеһжĵͼЧΨٶȺ֮һսҪһЩֻԻԪ߶ĹɹӲġ
ʶԪܹͼ֧Ŷã
֣Ǻ
վǿߣȻһʶʿƵ˵ز̫ˣ
ߣͼܣѹ֣ǡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵ֯תۼ䣬˱ǽ˽ٸ
Ǹ죬ơƺֽ֣ѹˡ
ŵͼһжʧ
ȭӰ⣬ԪͨûЧ
ľ
ʱе˵ɫΪѿúܲ԰ס
ĽǿŵӣչĹɹͨ󣬾Ȼѹסˣ
ô
૵
˫ĿŹ⣬קȭͷͨǷǳǿͨԱȵǰ׼޾ĵһﵽʲôˣ
䣡
֣սһӡһصĵͼ֣ǱƵĲˡ
һۣʮȥ
ˣ
֣ȵɨһƬĹɹֱӵǿնϣŲ϶ȥ
ﹾ棺쵰ܣ̫ˣˣռƣҪڵռơڿкʹڵ棬ʣڸ߿յ˸սϵơ
ʱսУ
ˣüһ̽ɳǿʢԪڸ£˲ԽռֱӴӺûǿնϵ֣ǵʶڡ

ɲǼ䣬֣ǲҽУʱʧȥƽ⣬ŵ¡
⡭
ʲô
ʲôҲû
˽Զݡ
ûһ˿칥֣ǣǴ˿̣֣ȴǲҽ
Įӭ׹֣ǣһ˹ȥУӡһصĵͼתֱƳƿҽŵ֣Ĺɹ⣬ȵѹ֣Ǹ
֣ʹһĻʱɫ㡭
⣡
䵭³һۡ
֣ٶȲҽУĹɹ̼һɶԪȫʧ
Ļ˵ͽˡ

鲻䣬ֱ֣ݺһȭ֣ǵϡ
һ֣ǺɣݻѪˮƮڿУȥκվ
˫ȭ֣ɫһ̣ɫٶͱ䡣
ʲôҵԪΪʲô޷ˣ
֣ǽе
֣߶Ĺɹ⣬ȴ֣ڵԪǱ˰㣬޷Ҫ˵Ĺɹͨһ̣򵥵似ʩչĳ
ʲô
Ԫ޷ôᣬô£
⡭оȥ֣ں񡭡ͨûʲô𡣡
˶ݡ
üɢĹ⣬֣ǣ漴һԪӡˣٶȶ죬˫ۣһŵͼʲôȻܷӡԪ
ʲô
֣Ǵ
Ԫ⣬޷һ̣оԼһͨˡ
ָо֣Ǹоһ˿־塣
һɲǼ֣ǰץ֣ǵͷȭһȭ֣Ǹⴳ壬ɱιСһǣҲ׸ζ䣬̧ץ֣ǵı۰ϥǺݺݻ֣ؿڡ


310 ޼
һȭһϥǰû飬֣վǣȴҲܣǲҽһھѪֱ˳
㡭
飡
̧ȣһ֣Ǹ֣絾˰ɡ
֣ײڲԶһ޴ʯϣһ죬ʯֱķѡ
ɼһжݡ
Ľǿţ
鵭Į
ĲӺƽһߵ֣ǰ̧֣һƳ
žһ֣ٴκɡ
һݻѪˮٴƮڿУɫԱ䡣
ˣ
վ֣ǣĽǿţȻһĸ
⡭
˶ˡ
飡
һ죬֣Ǻɣײһϣͷѵ
֣ǴѪŭ𣬴߶ԪҪնȻȴãԪͬǱһ㣬·һ̶ˮ޷ת
㵽׶ʲô
֣Ǵ
͸ҹԹԱ졣

һٴ֣ǰǼ򵥵ĳš
֣ٴα߷ɣعǶʱ


֣ǰһȭ㽫֣ǵ°ͻ顣
ʦ֣
ģ
ס֣
е˴У˳˹
ͷҲأһӣһĽʱɨ˳ȥ
е˸׻Ѫɡ
ѽ
̫̫̫̫̫̫ǿˣ
һȻ
˽ǵ
˾磬˿ֲսֱǺš
һ˵ı飬⣬ٴ֣ǰ
֣ѾǻȾѪɫޱȲ԰ף죬־ŭ㡭
飡
̧ȣֱһ߳
֣ǺʵٴκɣĦŵȥԶ
治ɫٴα˹ȥ
һ׶񡣡
ֹ
һʱ䣬ڶ֣ǵĲҽҲǲ
һҲ飬ȭȣ콫֣Ūɢ˼ܡ
ﬣ
ñ
⡭
Ҫɱ𣿣
ɣ
һ˽Ծ
еı˸⣬棬֣ǵĲնȥ
֣ɱ֣һپˡ
ҪȻɱ
һֱѹ¡
ɭɭбƽ֣ܿǲӴ
ʱȴɫһ䣬һɰԸ߿ճ֣ѹ
̧ͷȥֻжһ꣬ɫΪĮ
Ľ
˽Աɫ
ĽԸ߿£һѾ֣ǣһɫʱ
ͼɱͬţˣ
һĽһ졣
һİǿầˡ
ɫĽǴվ죡
䣡
վǿߵǿľˣҲľˣգۼǰ
޿ɱܣһӡһصĵͼ۶ӭǰ
һƣͼ֧Ƭ̺ڻǿһˡ
飡
챻ɣֱӿȳһѪ
ӡǿ󣬵Ϊȴ̫ˣĽʮС磬ǲܵסԷĹʵϣܹһ»Ѿ㹻ˣûӡڵΪܵסһơ
죡
첽˹ȥ
Ľɫݣղһƣǲûô飬һճʿҲԻһʶʿȻסһƣЩȡ˶٣Ľɫ䣬ٴ̧֣ѹȥ
ˣ
Χ߽ͷһҡͷ
վǿߣһˣ˭ܵס
е˸קȭͷֻĽһ졣
ɫأؿڵʹٴͼ
ʱǰס֣
Ľ΢С
Ľ΢΢һ٣üͷ
ϹŰ׼ҵĵϵ޼ǿ壬£޼ŵʮȻ֪ݣƽʲôûκ˸Ҹ棬޵ʾµӣõӽӽҪͰ׼Щϵ
˿̣ŰǰĽʱ
ֻСǵìܶѣһܾˣĽЩСˡ
һЦ
ԶһϹŵЦ⡣
޼
⡭
λնˣ
˶ݡ
Ϻ꣡
Ʋ졣
޼ɷ嶥˰ɵЦСôҲķܷҪڮ١
Ͻͨķ
ֹ
쿿ŰһʱЩԡ
޼ȻҲ˰ĻֻЦҡҡͷĽ֣Ҳûʲô£¾ô˰ɡ˵ţ޼죬пٻһĨâΪȻܹվʿս˵زѵãѵãҼǵǽ԰ɣô죬Ը޼壿
⻰һɫ
޼壿
޼ǿʢ壡
޼ǿһϹĴͨ
Ŀ¶â
Զе˽ɫһףжʱʡ
΢гɣҪڣʱһĽĮ޼Ҫ˴ͶʦԣǴ⣬޼壬͵ѧȥ޼ŻǴ󺦡
޷Ʒ
޼
ɨĽһۣ޼һЩķİʾµȥӽϹŰ׼Ϲϵϧ޹Ȼ˿̣һۿȥȻĹϵܣֻҪ£죬ֱӱͰ׼ҽһЩĹϵ˼򵥣Ľȴ벻͸
ҡҡͷ޼Ц죺ˣΣԸ޼塣
ƳĽȻһЦ޼
ǰ񰮣Ѿϰɷ壬ڴ˵ء
һ
ɷ򵥣дܣһҪȡС
⻰һ˽Ǳɫ
ɶ
һ
ûɣ޼룬Ȼܾˣ
޼̫ϳ֮ǿˣ˵Ҫͨɾˣһ룬һȻܾˣܾˣ
ǿ޼尡
˽Ծ
죬Χֻʵ̫ˣ⡣һɷ壬һʢ޼壬׳Ҳ֪ѡ߰ȴѡǰߣ
޼΢㶣ȻҲû뵽Լᱻܾ
ΪΣˣɷ壬̫˷ˡ
޼ɻ
ҵǴ⣬ŶӿһʱȽϺá
˵
˵ţɨĽһۡ
Ľʱɫһһâ⻰ڼ
޼ЦС˼˵ţ޼Ǹıˣʱӭ޼塣£ԺͰ׼ҽһЩϵң챾ҲǺǿ󣬾ʱ޼塣
ЦգֻϺ꣡
ֹ
Ľһһ䣬ֱ֣뿪ˣ֮ûã޼Ҳ޼壬еˣȻͼβˣﻹʱΨΧ߻ɽ£һȵĶŷ嶥졣
ô۾죬Ǵһ㣺һ
־ͻסվصĽ
Ц


311 廹ϵ
ק죬ĥܾң
ԣСǵö෢֮ǰȷʵڿ㣬⻳ҿɲá
ޣ׶ˣҲ˼

죺
ɨܣɷĵòƲǿӿݡ
ҡҡͷȡһһЩϡ
ϾԼסĵطܻǵЩӡ
Сæ
˵
ʱۣȻŮӣ㻹ûԣ
죺
֣ǵĺǿ˵һսɷ嶥ƻĲᣬ⣬ڵص׵ļƺҲƻ˲ٵرҪһ£⵹Щ鷳
ŵͼʲôʵ
ﶢ
һ似
ͷҲ̧
ݺĥֱȥ
ɿڣСİ
ҧ㣡
һεĸоӡ࣬϶˵
ԣֻܱܰ¶ڡ
̫ˣЩӵص׳Ļ󽣣ʲô⣬ҲѧģǿЩˣȻųҵıԴһ̫ܣ
죬۾գһ¡
캹գֻܹҶ˹ȥ
ԼķʱŽɷϵĿӿƽʱ򣬸еһЩСһһ˳ܿΧߣ˫
һȻôЩСϲ
졣
Ʒã

ޣҪ

һЦҲ⣬ӣȡһЩҩιʳߵСһǡ
ЩСһɰԣһ㶼ˡ
Ҳ
ȷʵϲ

һ޼Щµ֮ǰһʱЩСһǲη˵ιЩСһҲЩСһڱԣ֣ɱһȺСһʱŻԵúܷŭ
ű֣ܵǣҲǾʱ壬ӡȻޱȼѣȷʵû˵ԱߵİЦô㻹ѹұȺˮ
бһۣƲƲ졣
˰ɡ
һЦ
ǲ㣬㲻飡ҲţͬҲţǸ֣ʲôΪͺҸ壬̶ֳȵˣһٸҲֻ̧ܱѹҸ½Ƕ
С㴵Ĺˡ

˭ˣĽǿ԰ɣҪһսҲδܹʤĹҸ硣

죺ˣʲô磿
ĽѾﵽվأȻһʤùĸ磿
ʮһ꣬ΪҲڵǿ

죺
ʵϣҲðѣôһĸ绹Ǹ
Ҫ磬Ŭһ㡣
ʶ
˵ʲô

캹գЩεĵǸҲǹģԴӱ˵ѹұȺˮҪҾĪһһٵıܡ
㡭
ĥ
ƿĿ⣬õҩȥιʳԱߵСǡ
㵤ҩࡣ
б۵
֮ǰżȻһĹѰ൤ҩϧûʲôá
Щ棺Ĺж󣿴ʲô
룬һ
ʧȥȤӼʬĹܿӦֻǸʿĹѨСĹƬܶ࣬㲻ʲôǲ֪췢ֵĹǴڵһֻƬּ䷢ֵ֣ǿߵĴĹйʬȵͼĶĹʬʬ޾ҹ棬һʹѪ⣬Σյúܡ
һʬʬ飿Ѫ⣿ôţ
һ
ҪȻôǿ֡ǰ׼ҵһżϼأĳЩ羳ǿߵĹĹ޾ʱ䳤УĹʥȶһǿ߶Ƕ֣ϾͻΪ£аĺܡ
ԣɵõ˿
˵ʥȴû뵽ô£һǿ߶Ƕ֡
ƬвٴĹ𣿡
ʵ
ôǰΣ˺ܶˡ

ͷҲûٶʣŪűߵСһǡ
Ա߱һֻСܶŪ˵ĳЩ£ĽǿĵӶܣ޼ǸϺ㷢룬Ӧò鷳԰Ѱˡ
᣿Цô򵥡
ţ£
ɻ
С
һЦ
ﲻ⣺ʲô°Ӧû˲Ŷԡ
еġ

˵ţŪűߵСһǡ

ʱĽ塭
֣ǻͷ˲٣ѿڴϡ
ԱߣĽɫЩأɷ֣Ǻ֣ǵԪֹͣԼԪżȴһãȫЧ
ô£
Ľ
֣ɫв԰ףҲ֪ƿһֵֺɵͼǵͼ񡭡һУʩչĹɹⶼãŵͼڸȻ󡭡Ȼͱ޷ʹԪ
Ľݣ˵ӦҲһͨңĹɹǿ
Ľ˸䣬죬ϱ任
ʦң
֣ǽе
ʱ˿̣ڵԪһҲ·ͨһ㣬գʩչ似޷չ֣ͨһޱȿ־ĸо·ûδ
ҵӣȻ㡣
Ľ
ȻļգĽ˺ܶ취޼һЩ˲ͨطȴ޷֣ǵ޷Ԫ
˼
ʶʿȻƿҵΪ
أ
̫ϳӦÿԽ⿪λڱչأ²ȥš
ˣ廹ϵˣʱֻȥǽˡ
һЩ

ʱһιȥգĽǿ֣һսȡʤǴ޼ţ޼һڵӸʧɫȻѡһĵӣһɷĵӣȻֵԻ͵Ľǿţ
󣡡
ˣȻȥɷ壿̫Źˣ
ʲô޼Ǽһȥ޼УȻֱӾܾˣ
ʲô£
ɲǣԣǼһЩ֣
ۡ
ЩһЩȴǲ⣬ɷ
ﲻϲĵӾܵ
ܿ죬һȥ
һ죬ϣͰһιʳɽϵСһǣһϤǿ󲨶Զӿһ꣬Ľˡ


312 
վɨһĽԱߵİ˵°ɡ
Ľ΢Щ졣
ĽŰҲɫ΢һЩ֣ʲô
ʲô
ʵ
Ȼ⣬Ľɫ˼֣֣ǵԪסˣ
ǻǿ

ĽһøҲûУȻ
͵Цνġ¡ʲô˼ˣԭ֣ǵԪ̵ڻûн⿪Ȼ̲סЩȣڵͼʲôȻ֣ǵԪӡڣĽȻĽ۷ǿҲԽǷӡ⿪ʵЩľ
ĽɫԵ֣ǵԪָ¾ˣ
ԣʱЦ
漴ٸĽһɫ
Ľĵܵɷ鷳֣֪ɱͬΥŹҲɱңڲ΢ܵһЩ΢СͷˣǻãЦҰָԪȻ¾ˣ˵ڸҿ
Ľɫ䣬ԭֱӶѹ죬ɿԱߣȴֻǿҪβſϽ
һʼͺˣαȦӷ¡
Ц
Ľ˵
°ͣԳƬ̺˵ȱһֵıһƷͺáȻҲ֪Ҵɷ壬޼ŵ⣬ŲκϵԴ似ǿͨȫѧˣΪĽ֮ЩĴӦÿͰĽΪʮ似Ĺɹ̸ͨҰɡ
ԱߣͲɵŴĿɿڴĶ죬һﻹܿڣ
Ľɫúܺڣ漴һĨĹ⣬ѧʮ似Ĺɹ⣬ԣʹõĵͼ֣ͨԣʩչĵͼϢĹɹ⣬ǾͱȻĹɹǿʮ似Ĺɹ⻻һͨԸ⣬޼̫ϳҲˡ
ˣҡ
Ц
Ľȭͷкֱһ죺Ʒʮ似Ĺɹ⣬ˣθڲҪ̫̲£
Ͳˣθںܺá

Ľ죬һ䣬ϸ߿ա
ѣ໹ʱ䣬û˽ĵӿɾͷˡ
쳯Զ
Ľһһ뿪ɷķΧ
΢֡
ƫͷ죺һ̫ˣ̫ˣ޼УȴȻв޼ŵһʷϿ϶ûбˣգ۾죬ЦϲȤ
㵱ȻȤиôõļھܹȥ޼ŵ̫ϳһ٣޼ҲҶôҹݻ˵ЦЦҾͲһˣҪ֪ھǲ˿ǰУʱп׹£仰˵ǣҪӻ
գգۣ󣬶ʱĥˣң
Ľòá
ҧ㣡
ֱ˹ȥ
죺
˺ҧһ󣬰ͣ
һôвĽĽ㲻ʱɷסºˣ㡣
˵
ղҧʱĿˮ˵ϾҪŮ󡣡
ҧ㣡

ò˵ֱȷʵͦ׼Ľȷʵ˼Σмζɢɱ⣬ϧֻȥϾʼպһ
ʱĽٴɷ塣
ʮ似Ĺɹⲻ̸ܽ㣬ƷҲУԸһƷ
ء
ֱ
￴һɷ嵱ԼҺԺˡ
Ľɫһ䣬ֱ뿪
һȷʵЩˣ˵ʮ似Ĺɹ⣬Բܽ㡣

ͷȻ֪
㻹
ɻ
һЦҪʼЩ֮ôϼһּۻۡ
һ㶣漴Ӧգ
ˣΪ
Ц
ޣˣ

죺
Ľɷ弸Σ֣Ǳ⣬޼ŵ̫ϳϻ⿪ĽΪȥıչأʱڣҪٲ⿪֣ǿɾͷˡ֣ڶʮܴﵽղΣȷʵܲĵӿɲңҪˣǽǴź
Ʒ
ء

Ʒ
Ǻǡ
ƷһЩҩݡ
ء
ˣθڱ̫󣡲Ҫ̫֣
СͿ͡
ϵܵĽǰˣȥɡ
Ľྭֱ˺죬˵Ǻٻ
ݺһ䣬Ľһ뿪
˼ңӭѽ
ﺰ
ĽһûһͷӿԵȥ
Ľ뿪ƫͷôұֻðɣ
첻˵ŰĴָ

ʱЦ
ʱĺܿ죬һۣ޵ˡ
Ľûа취ɷ̸ʱյʱҲǵˣһƷƷΪ֣ǽ⿪ӡͬʱҪǧöͨҩιϵСһǡ
һҪҲˣȻĽҪҩιСǣһҲѵҩһ£ݳ޵ġ
ԡ
Щ͵ȵĵҩûʲôֵԣɳ࣬Ҫǧöȵĵ͵ȵҩĽԲܾܾȻ֪ܾҸﲻҪιЩСһҲš

һ̫ˣ̫޳ˣ͵Цĺ˼
һЦ´лᣬٺٿϼһһ١
Ҷûкô
Ʋ졣
ǰƷԼҪ
Ƕûá
죺
ȻǴҵĹ۽ǲһ
ֹ
˵ʲô
û
Ľ󣬰ﲢû뿪ɷ壬ʱסֻżɽһĻ˵ڲ̽ƣѰڹŴµı
Դˣû˵ʲôֻǰڷ嶥
ˣ
ϥʶУһѤâ⣬ҫۡ
޳ӡһأټվ֣һս췢ԼΪ˲СľŵԪʶҲǱøӵľӨʶ˸ڱԣƺвþܿʶ졣
ͷһ
ιιѣûãɷ˻ֱӳ嵽ǰϲ˷һǧǰĵ꣬һȥѰ


313 ҩʦ
ЩɻĶŰꣿ
ţͷԼĵһǧǰƬиǳҩʦҩˮ׼һΪҲǴﵽͨɾ磬λҩʦԪҪݽߵʱ򣬽һԼĳһءЩ˶ѰλҩʦĹѨϧһֱ޹ȴѰһЩټ
ҩʦƵҩ𣿡

ԣһǧǰǸҩʦȷʵΪٴƹҩĹѨ϶Ÿָı˵ֱӴʶشﵽվıǿƷҩֵߵľˣȥ
Ʒҩ
΢ɡ
ǵõҩȷʵзƷףǣ̫ס
һ۾ͿԵҩķּˣҩƷײζ֪治֪ôڵģ˵ţŵҩܹΪŸƷףӵ͵ߣֱһƷƷƷƷƷƷƷƷƷÿһεıַΪȼٹȵ͵ȵһƷµȱ
ͷ˽ˡ
ק˽˾͸ϽҩʦŸոձλöѣһûд򿪣ǵÿЩϹȥҪȥˣͱˣ
ʲôͨɾǿߵĹĹôôİɡ
ԡ
ô˵ȥܹûл

ﶼô˵ˣȻҲҲʲô
ʰ£߳޼ţֱʩչĳȥ
ŶԶ
ʰ
Ļһܵ˵Сȭͷǹ̫鷳ˣҵÿЩվ磬տɱˡ
ò˵һϣѵõĺͰͬܡ
ʵԦǺܺãԼŸʱǰһƬݻƵĿտأĵϵѺۣһݶ
ˡ

ӿ£ͣһߡ

ü
ݻƣݲȴƫƫȣȻʲôõס
·дĹҲͲˣܵӰ죬ľ

ʱǰѾۼˣ΢΢ɨһۣЩ˸ĶأңΪ˺٣϶ʶΡòпڶȷʵһȵһʿǿ̫ࡣ
ûпȺĬĬվһߣֻǶǰвʿ붯֣Խ͵âڴأҪһͨص׵·Ϊ˶ţƬصһǧǰλǿҩʦĹĹ
̫ˣ
൱ڹ٣
ʶģ£֡
вǿǰ
һ죬һƬƬɳ
󣬸ʶʿȥһڵ档
湻ƴġ

Աߣбһۣ㶮ʲôҩʦĹѨأǸֱӦҲ٣Ͼʱ򶼻ҩʦæһЩⵤҩȻ費ƵıꡣһǧǰǸҩʦʥڣҿǷĺܡ
ͷǰ
ʱһǰĵرͻȻ̮ص׳һܷʯš
ҵˣ
˾
ʯҶɣǻҳҲһЩ̺ۣǲľһࡣ
ʱ䣬Ⱥ˷
ߣǿȥ

վŰһǰȥ
ǰƶʯţһʯű˿
ȥںһƬԵЩ䡣
ȥ
˴С
ĽˣʱһѷĹ
ץ֣ѽһ㣡
ԣôߴ٣ֻýŲÿЩ
һ̣ɫһ䣬һѽ˳
һֱײ컳
ʲôѽ

ж

üʲô

ͻȻҽʯڴ̶
¡¡
ʯڣһ·ǧڱڡ
ôˣ
⡭
淢ʲô
ʯ⣬˱ɫȴֱֱĶ档
һĻɵð׳գֱŰﳯԶƿȥ
ʱһʯڳʱյƲ㶼Ⱦ˺ɫ
һȺʬʯڳ˳Ѫưܣ۾ȴѪ죬·ǴӵֱӽʯǰһȺʿײķѡɫʱһ߾ʬʴ˸ɾŨˮ
ǣ
Ѫ⣿ǡ
ˣ
˴С
һЩ֮أʱ˱飬Աǿ󣬱һЩѪ⣬˸Ѫ飬㱻Ϊ󣬼ȡٴ仯Ϊӿµ˿̣ӿһȺԹڳɱķΪˡ
ԶһĻӡ
գûгȥ˵ţ죬Щĵһ治Ȼֶ֪ղҶûио
ãǡɸоˡ

ּ֮ʶڵİ֪߱ʶڵ΢΢ҡҷʾʹµܻвĶҪ
˶٣ǰĴƬüͷʵ˵ѪӦҪܳʱŶ԰ɣ˵ͨɾǿɢʬѾǿܹڶʱ飬Ϊ
ǰЩɻҪ֪һȣǿϹʱһƬս˺ܶˣŨѾһһؼ䣬ȴҲѳִƬȻطһͨǿߵĹѨȴһǧڱôĿʵЩ̫
ЩӦòȻɣǸҩʦ޽ԼĹѨһӸѰʬ壬Щʬڷʬﶢǰʬʬ壬ʱ
ʬ
΢ɡ
ȣΪѾʬǵһ˵
֮ǰ˵ҩʦƸָıʬһ࣬˵ʬȻʬ䣬ټȡؼתΪĵҩңʬֻ౦вô۵һࡣ
˶٣ŵҩʦƳĵҩɱˣˣʵʿٶȱ죬ƿһЩӡǰΣڣһЩǿҩʦƳıǳˡ
ıһһã
Ͼƹ֪ʿԣԪΪҩʦȻܹƳıȷʵЩˡ
һ꣬ʮ꣬ԪɿݵĻ羳ǿٻʮꡣ

ʮ꣡
𺳡
һöҩʮԪǺεȵľˣ
˵ҩʦ⣬Щҩʦʵǿȴܺ͸ּΪѺõĹϵ岻ôǿߣҩʦܿʥɽھ͹ŲҩʦרΪƻεıһﵽļεޣֱΪΡ


314 ʮƷ
ŰĻĺܾȣļ޾ܻΣ
ԣֵҩκޣԿʿ
ͷ
΢𺳣ԭ޵óԽżβܻΣΪҩʦıȴǴﵽļξ״ɺܾˡȻ˵ģҩʦܼһ㣬һд塣
˵ʮ꣬һ˵õȱǿɶʮꣿ
ʵ
бһۣˣûӦʵǵȱ̵𣬲Ҫ˵һͨˣǿҲ޸ܣȥܻᱬ
£
һ㶡
ϻ
﷭°ۣǰ
ʱ򣬳ȺƿĹڳƵɱҰתۼʮʿڷһȺ飬ܿںɫ»Ũˮ

ôһǧѣô
ˣ
˾С
̫࣬ʹţתвʿѹ
ʱһ
һƬϹ⣬ͬƷ˴Ƭ
һϷֱӳ˹С
ϢƺϹ̵Ľܳͽ

ʶ۷塣

וּһ˶֣ױһƬС
̵Ļ浶

ʱ˶֣ڶʮңʵǿ˹ڡ
鷳ѽʮ̣ɶǿͽϵʶ۷徳硣
ﹾ
첻Ϊ⣬ЦʲôҪʵֱԼݣסһȺˣ˵˻Թ԰ıó㡣
ң
Ц
ˣǿȥٲȥҪûˣ
ߴ١
ŰüŸոմ򿪣Ũ˿ɲãпΪǵȻٽ룬ͨɾǿߵĹ꣬ôô
бɨ죺ⷽ㵹ͦоǲǾ˵Ĺ
죺
ǰȺ
˼ʶ磬˿ʼ
Źȥʱһ˷ն˸ɾ
ʱԵð
ȥ𣿡
ʿɫ԰׵ʵ
ôľò״򿪹꣬ôܲȥ
˵ֱӳķ
Ҳȥˣ滹иΣա
Ҳȥˡ
ҡͷѡȥ
Ȼ뿪ֻС֣󲿷˶ѡ꣬ϾһͨɾҩʦĹ꣬ıǶúܣջǰֵܵס
Űһǰ
Խȥˡ

Ҫץҵֵʲôʱ򣿡

ɿŰ֣ĵƽʱҧңҲû㺦߰
˵ʲô
ˣϽȥȻˡ
ԣϽ
һᵽ۾ˡ
˴ʯ꣬ڵĿԵЩǺ䣬û߶ãϱǳʬ壬õĿģʺѪˮȾر
ӦʼЩˡ

š
ͷ
˽ȥ겢ûʲôֻһǳĴһ·ͨǰĹУ˼˸ʿʬ壬ͬʱҲ˲ٵն˵ϣ˴ƬĺɫѪҺ
ߣ죡
ߴ١
ͻȻǰѪâǿӺڰгŰȥ
Сģ
ѡ
кһĳһն¡
ҽУתۼ飬Ѫضǡ
һĻʱһôɾɱͷǿǵһĶɱɰȴǼһˣЩ졣
Ͽӡƣרɱ͵ܳʱӼ˳˼

쿴ȥŷ֣еĽȷʵвٹŹֵ磬ƺбȽⶫʱﲻһ챾ааһĿǣ򲻵ʱԸⱩ¶
ûʡ
Ʋ졣
ˣﻹǸһ㽣
£ᣬʽԵлڣŮõĽ
ϻŮӣ˳ߵĶȻŮõģ

ʱ㵹֪ԼŮˣƽʱҧҵʱô벻
˵ʲô
˵˼˰
ޣ컬࣡
ĴԵúܺڰ˶ʶʿʶɢܹ̾ڵĶ
ǰһ𴫳мֻµ
̧֣һӳֱ֮ӽֻضϣ͵նɱ
⽣治򵥡
Щ졣
ղŻӽʱԪãȻ׾ٵնɱ˼ֻǿ
ͨǿ߿ӡµƣȻ򵥡

˽ǰȥбԽԽϵʬҲԽԽࡣ˺ҹ֣֮Ӳվǿߡ
飡
ȭһֻҹɣһҹڡ
һǱ̬ʶѣȻյҹ涼ǿ
졣
ҵĽãһ£ҹ涼ֵˡ

ǰУϵʿʬԽԽ࣬оֵĲҽ
ü첽ȥ
ʱʿܡ
ֵܣôˣ
һʵ
ˣֱǴҹ棬û
˵һ䣬ֱˡ
΢
Ӽ˳ߵĽɱ𣿡
ʰ
ܡ
ɫ΢΢Щ
ҡҡͷҲ⣬Ͱǰȥ
ʱǰִƬӰһң౦ӦоУ˸տտâɭɭ
Ʒε

˸⣬ȻҲǸоˣвƷ
䣡
ǰԪƵô౦ʿǺۣ໥
ƷƷȶļֵɲףʮҲеӵС
㲻𣿡
ʰ
ⶫûжãҪֱӴʶشﵽվı˵ֱͨĵرһĵرپһЩãö˺ܲãֱȴ˿ҲûУӰ쵽պС
ðɡͷһ¡
˵ֱ꣬ӳ˳ȥǲҡ񣬶ʲôȤһԻǺмֵģпرȡòһЩ֮ʹڿرϣܹʹս
һ˻𣬺ǰ
̧֣һնǿ̼佫Ƭ顣
ǚiһչһӰܿǳǶһֽץУƷâһʯڣٴβǚiеʿᱦ

ҽᱦʿ໥ɱܿ˵ء
ͬʱ壬ʱʱҲɱˡ
һ߷һܵʿȡУٴγ֣ɭĳ뱦ȡ˹ԼʮʿҲǱ˸ɾȡʮƷʮͨԺܷǷ
ͨɾҩʦĴĹȻһ治١˸âЩڿرϣҵսһأ
ˣ
ʱ𶯣иµ


315 Ʒյ
˵ӹںһƬĿʱʮȡ
ʿɫһ䣬һļ¡
΢صߡ
ʮ̵Ǽܳǿ߶رӦǸոձ֡Щȥ󣬿ܾ˲˵Ķ
𣿡

ܿܣ
ͷ
طŲʿо⣬΢ԥ󣬿ٺˣ·أӿķŹȥ
ǸϿȥʮЩһӦҲ˵ĹѨֱӴʶشﵽվıڣǳǱȥǵÿһС

ͷŰһն·ȥ

ǰȺвҽд

ˣ

ֵʼȥʿУǱ˻
΢ɣڣ
ȶη塣
Сһ㣡

֪
ͷ
ʿУв˻Ǹ塣ͰһٶҲǺܿ죬úǰһ͹˹
üٶȸЩ
ú˽Ĺߵ˾ͷǰĳûĹѨӦеɭ谵һƬԴڣԲɣиľ
쾪ȣĹѨﾹȵطЩ졣
Ҳǲ죬һǧǰǸҩʦǲһ㣬ȻԼĹѨｨһƬأֱһƬɸأǻܡ
ʱƬռʿ٣мΪԪ֯ڿС

ҽ𣬼Ϊ̶
ϳѪвʿڵϣʬѾΣѪģ
صƬռʮӰ˸ˣʱʱͻɱһˡ
һʮӰ
ĥȻֶڣöԸѽ
ǿߣʱⷽռʮͷѪа

˺ȵϹ̵Ϸꡣ
ʮӰݺᣬɭɭоŸſ棬Ԫ֮ⲻ֡ȥɱȴһһνˣͨʿľ𺳣ʮ̵Ľܳǿ߹Ȼһ㣬ĺܿ¡
춢ǰֻ˶ڳƬռȥ
һľ餣
ָ
˳ŰָȥȻһ޴ľ£һɫ餺ʣһƬƬɫǸо˿ɭϢ
ǸҩʦƵıһУ
Щ˷ܡ
̧ͷȥŻڣƬռȥԵЩɿݣƬռĲľԵЩ롣ɨܣľʢȴûرĵطֻʣǰľ餡
ȷʵֻܲǹˡ
˵
קקȭ˵ȥֱ˹ȥ
һͷХڰǰ
α˾ŵӰԱ˹ȥ

졣
ٶȲ˸Ʈ磬һܿͷնƬٳǿɫ餿طһʿǾȲѡ
˭ֱͷɱȻôף
еıƺһ㣡
רſ鱦
˾ȡ
ϷȻҲһĻŰѾҪɫ餽ǰɫ΢м˶֣Űնȥɱ⡣
ɱ⼫죬ƿն󱳡
΢䣬ǚiһչ˲ƶһ
וּһ׻磬Ƴգɱ顣
ѽ
ﾪУǰȺֻ˻һֻߡ
治ʡġ
찵һ䡣
ŲһΣԣһѽ֮
ˣüļâ˸Ƭ˳һץУճȭֱǰ
һһȭȵؿڡ
ؿðֱ̣ӷĲҽУ絾˰˳ȥ
һĻʱסһʿ
⡭
ʮ̵ĽܳǿҲֻǿȻһȭ
ǡôܣͨȭͷô˵ĵ
˵ۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϷһǿҲǶݣս޾һδνˣȴЧɱ˶ԷǴ˿̣ȴƮƮһȭͽһֻҵĺɣʹԷĲҽУþ˽һ
һô£ҲһȭҷɣҸʱҲһﾪȣܿ죬˫˷ܲѣǴ°£ҿ··ȫҿȥȡ
Ȼܾ˵ͷ
ǰͷдһѹ˹
üĴһĨüƮİСӶȭԪȭâ͸ȭеİдŰеϢǰ

ҽжʱֱֻɨɡ
ͬһʱ䣬ЩͨңڼдŰϢļȭâ£ʱ˴Ƭȫ˺ɫҽ
ôܣ
ͷµȻһȭҷɣƬȭʲô
תɣôһ
ʿ
Ҳǵɴ˫ĿŵĶһĻֺݺݵĥԵ߲ѣһȻô׵Ļɱش֮ǰҪʲô¶ң̫ˣ
ΣʱʱȱвУȥȡ
ԣڱҪٺˣ
˵ţٴʩչزµľ餳ȥ
˻𣬳Űѹȥ
ٴλӶȭɨһȭâȫɡ
ҽлصȺˣǳȺ顣
ﬣ
ʱе̵ǿ鶯֣նƬĵϮ
ͬһʱ䣬Ϲ̵Ϸɵͽһֹ֣￿
ʱ䣬⽣âգնʮ
ɫ΢˿һгƷһʮ
Ľ
䣡
ĽǺǿ׻֮ٵ˲ٲľе⽣Ӱȫ顣
Ϸˣɫ΢
ȡˣ
ϲӺ洫ΪĿ·õܿ쿿ľǰӹȡʮƿʮƿڣװиɫһıһƿԵúܹܲװʮöĴָǴСɫ裬ĹӨ͸һ֪ƷеƷ
Ʒϵȱ
յ
ûдʿֱӴʶﵽվϡ
ʿ˫ĿŹ⡣
ｫбƿصߣԵЩ˷ܡ˷ܵͬʱüͷС֣ǹûĹʬ塣
Ĺʬ岻У
춯ݡ
ǹ꾡ͷľҲܲĹʬӦвŶԣ
ʱǰʮ̵ļǿӭ
ϷǰһЦλյܹʮöòôࡣ֮ǰҵȾҲаæǣЩ֪ͣλɷԷһöǣҵȱصĻм


316 Խͨ似
춢Ϸ꣬Ժ󣬲ɵЦ
Ƥͦ񡣡
˵
ˣ֮ǰȺζ԰ﶯֹ֣￿ľ餣ûһ飬ڰȡϷȴǳԼ˰æǣίʵЦ
Ϸɫ΢Ǻ⣿
ѣʹϵزʶǰˡ

ˣûʲôӡ
Ű˾䣬һȥ
λѣ·ŵ飬㻹û˵Ƿͬ⡣Ϸǰòôյβҵһöҽһ׮Ե
ò꣬ǿι

͵Ц̫ˣ˵ιҲϷˡ
ƬռһЩʿȻҲĻɫ΢䣬ǰϷȣǣϷȲϡ
˭Ҳ̫ˣȻ㲻ʮ̵Ľܳǿ߷С
ļ¡
첢Щ˵ķӦŰֱߡ
ϷɫٴǰѣȰôӦȽϺá
˵ʲôֱ£
һ
̵Ľܳǿ˹һɭɭΪһƷ
תۼ䣬ҲΧסͰȥ·һ˽Ǵʶ۷壬ֻҪһöյһڿվ磬ûκθãʶ۷ʿԣջȷʵǳĴ󣬱ϾһվܹնУ൱ͨʿķ롣
ʲô
ȵ
һЦ⻹ǿǵı˵ţľˣ˵ôҲʮ̵ĴˣΪȥͲǸɵǻкܶ˿š
ҵǣȴ˽ȵǣȥԭǵĶ񲻹ȡǵսѣʵ顣
̵Ľܳǿߵ
˵ͷԿǰһеԪת
һĻܲΧ߶ס˺˫Ȼˡ
žˣҲˣ͹ǹ
һŸваڿǲʶأǶʶ۷塣
С
ǻ𣿡
һӦöӳǰ汣Ů𣿡

Ϊԣ㻹ݰɣҸҿ϶˲ᱻɵ
ǿʵ£ǿݣ
ߵ
㻹ұ㡣
绪콾ŮӣҪʱ䳤Ӳڽµˣһ뱣һûأ㱣ڸֵĻᣬӦøм㣡
Ҹм㡣ͷҸмȫҡ
˵ʲô
ĥ
וּһǰ˶֣Ϊʮ̵ı̵Ĵˣն졣
֣
ɹǿ߳
̼䣬Ԫϳ𣬾ͬʱѹ˹
ǹ֣
ߡ
ðˣƷһɨʱ䣬潣
䣡
ϾƷһνЩˣնĹȫ˺ڰС
žˣ䵭󾯸һΣ֣ٶ֣
ʶѣΪ˵ֶξͺǿһսǺֹһ
̵ǿߵ
Ȱ㣬ÿ˸һöյҺͺǺ£
ˣҪñͨ
ҵΪʮ̴ˣǽԵܱǽºá
ٸʮʱ俼ǡ
㻹ᣬƺʮˣִ̫
̵Ĵ˵
˶죬򶨶ݣһԶӡ
Щջ𣺡ʮ̽ܳˣǶ
֣£ǰһ
ֻ±QСվĴɱʲô
ĵ
ʲô
ɱվĴ
ⴵ̫˰ɣʶΪѣҲɱǿߣ
ܣһʿȡ
ȹ龪ȣʵȴûšʶվ磬мǸһ޴ĺ蹵һܿԽǵ
Цҡͷ
Ƭ̺󣬾˵ɫǳ
ûʲô˵ˣĽȴǾƲԳԷơ
һ˵
˿粽ͬʱǰȥȻ˷ʱ䡣
ֻһΣα֮ȥ
ҡͷ
װģ
̵ǿ絽ǰһն¡
һνǿĦ죬һŤ˳


쾲ԭزͬǹһĨЦ
ﬣ
̶Ľǰͻأһնĳ
ɫһ䣬ǰȻƾնһ
㡭
̵ǿɫݣŹ֮ɫ
ʱוּһ߳ڶбնǿߡ
̵ǿ߱ɫٺˣܿһ
Ҫʲô
Ц
ʱǰĿƯǺɭɭ
һĻһ˽ɻ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ǰȺʮڱɱ⡣
ǣ
һĻ˽ɫ䡣
ܹʮڱڰգȻ棬Щ˻ǵһμ
󣬰Բ˫ۣ졭㣬ǿر
ǿر
ŰĻϷ˽Զݡ
ͬһʱ䣬طһʿҲȻȫ˼Ķ졣
˵ı飬һЩƺ֪似
˶٣ʰ֪似
ϣӾˣСֱŵϴ󣺡ǣ죬̲סĥˣôܻ᲻֪似Ǹϲ޵ʷΨһԽͨ似࿰Զŵˣ
ܿ
һ似ڵһǹĹãǹĹĹģĹҲվ磬ԷĹеĿرȻô
Խͨ似
˫۷Ź⣬ק˷ȭر似޵ӵл֮ܿµģ
ЩȣȻ֪رܲȴû뵽Ȼôǿᡣ
ǿر
λѣɷ񽫿ر̸ǣҵȴ̱ؽһ顣
Ҫʲôһж
ǵŴоԶرɸ㡣
ѣк㾡ŮֻҪҪǶܸ㡣
Ⱥ󿪿ڡ
ܣһЩССɵʿɢҲ˫ĿŹ⣬ק˫ȭ
ΪڶʿɢޣСɣʮ̣ǸʥغϹң˵رȱݴԴڸϲǿ
춢žˣ΢΢һЦǻһôȥȽϺá
ԣ˵ɫ
ѣοΪԼ
ǣҲܵõ޴ĺô˫á
ǲá
˵
Ƿϻƪ

וּһٶԣʮڱ˸⣬ɱˡ
ֻɱ㣬ȡ
ˣƿҲñɳҵȽ֮󣡡
ٻ
ɫ䣬Ԫǡ
˱˵ôûʣҲ湻ԣۣ
Ц
ü˸âʯȡ֮ǰǶжٿʶӡʹ֮ΪµĿرڵıС̶ʮȺʮƷʮͨʶӡ֮ȡ˶ʮڱ
ﬣ
ʱ䣬ХӴ̶Ļ꣬ɫ
ʮƷʮͨݽ϶ɵĿرίʵЩ¡
նȫ

һʮɱˡ


317 ݱڵɫʯ
ʮƷʮͨݺһرʩչʵЩ£նĿŤ˲佫ȫ˳ȥ
㣡
Ϲ̵Ⱦ˵ıǳǸǿжƷڣʮƷĿرǺʴ·ԭ߳С磬Ǵ˿ȴûκƿԣѹˡ
һһʮ
ﬣ
ʮƷоż־Ÿžնȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮͨƽ䣬Գһˡ
һʱ䣬Ƭռڣݺᣬâ˸һ˲ɵҺ
ûս
Խͨ似رһ־ţ
ԽСսͬʱɱˣ죬⡭
˶ˡ
ﶢǰ˫Ҳ׼ҵص˿رǿЩȴǲĿر뵽ϼˡ
ﬣ
ص̶
ǰֻվԭزʮȴ˱ƵǱ
ն
Ϸ
̼䣬ɫâ˸ݵĳ죬ˡ
ߣ߶һƷͨѹ£˲˺С
ۣ
һֱӽϷһֱն
ϷҽУŵŵŵĳȥ
ʱһƷꪷ⣬Ϸɫ䡣
ס
ۣ
һǰ˲ᴩϷĺ
е֮ţ䣬һ浹¡
ˣ
Ϲ̵Ľܳͽʶ۷ʿȻô׾ͱɱˣ
ô֣ǿʮ֮һϹ̵ǿӰ
ʿ㤡
ͬһʱ䣬̵˱ɫϷʬ忴ôĿ
㾹ɱ֣
̵ͽ
ЦһҪɱҶᱦѵҪҽǹɣ
̵ͽ˲ֻú졣
㲻к³
ڵͽ
𣿡
ƫͷȥһ
וּһƷͨѹĿռ֨졣
㡭
䣡
ǿһѹ£ٶȼ죬ƿν
ڵͽ޿ɱܣնķѣѪˮضǡ
ֳʱһȻһͽնˣ
⡭
̫ˣ
ˣǣ
촽¡
ʮڵڶʢڵĽܳͽȻ˾Ȼڣȴ治ɫֱɱʮ̵Ľܳͽ⾪סˡ
һɱ˲գ۵İ
ֹ
ͻȻƬռնˣѪ棬Ƭռһȫǻһĳɱռˡ
ֻ˲ѣ˱˵ڵأĿ

ҽд̶
ߣ
ˣˣ
Ӱ
˴Уٺˡ
ĹеıѾͰãô׿ǿЩϲлñЩĹɱȻԸ¡
˻ɱˡ
ѽ
ﾪоͷǿΪζʳ㡣
ͷЩ죺㻹Щϲ
ƬռҲʮͷڣȴд˰Щ֣ܲˣҲûж룬üļƮƬȻеϣһǰ

ҽлصͷȫɨɣƬɫҽ
˵Աߣؿ˿
Զ˻ɶ죬ȴǸжſ־֮ɫ
Ա߱𶯡
԰
˵ţ̵ˣһʮٴɱ˹ȥ

ŭ
У˿ĹɱʱøӵĲתۼѣҽٴɹͽһնɱ
Զͷ˻𣬳
¡
һŰϢһľͷҽźɡ
ͷվӸԵþ֣գ˻ʱ̵ͽɱ˹ȥѪ⡣
˲䣬ͽɫ䣬ֻһ죬˾ʹ˾·ͷʱǸӲ
עֻ

һݺᣬǣ˵ʱ볯նȥ
̨ס֣ǲԣ
ԣ顣
Ǿٴ㱦ͱ⣡
һһ߽еͬʱ죬Ƕʱ˾վ
ĵͦ죬ϧҲʥˡ
Ц
וּһƷһ𣬽ŵһͽ飬ѪȾء
˻𣬶ʱȥͽѪ⡣
ﬣ
Хʮˡ
ڵˣ飬۶Է˭

Ƭ̺һҽд̵ĵ¡
ͬΪʿ˲̣
ŵͽŭ
һˣҪǱжǱ
ɡ
첻м
Ʒѹ£˸ŴĿ⣬תŵͷ
ס
ۣ
ѪƮ˵ͷ­ֱӱҵķ顣
ʱ䣬мͷȥת۽˵ʬ˺飬
Ÿˣʶ۷壬ѪǿЩԣν󲹡
գۼ䣬˻ʣˣ̵ֱĵӣ̵ĵӣ޷ɸĵӣƬռ䣬ԭʿѾ˳ȥûӳȥˣȫǵĿƬռС
ֻʣˡ

˿̣Ƭռʮ⣬ʮͷΪɵƿصİеǶ̵ˣʱɫҰףһ·ϲ˰ɫ۰㣬Ѫɫ
̨дȣϴŹΣ
ǲ
㣬飡֮һл
ġ
Цֻ֮αңҰ׳𣡡
䣬ʮնѹǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪƮ̵ĵӺ޷ɸĵӱѪɡ
һ̣˻ˡ


Ĳҽ˻ûѪˮɡ
̵ĵɫ֣߶ԪƬռȥ
ӵ𣡡
Ц
ʮɱ̵Ľܳͽ
ʱƬռͻȻһɼΪ˵Ƭռ価ͷ满οڴʱɫͱ䡣ҲΪˣʮһ˹̵࣬ͽ˳ȥ
찵һȴƫͷͷ满ڡ
һǰ满ڽ鿪һɫʯС
ɫʯɭɭˣƬռ
֨
ʯڣƮ·鲣໥Ħ


318 ̫
ɫʯԵúܾ޴󣬺ɫڹ֮⣬ʼղɢȥʱһ֨֨дƺצڿ۶ʯ׵Ĺ׸ǣΪˡ
һڹ餣
ﾪȡ
ɫ΢ӦòǵǸҩʦĹ餡
Ƕʬ˰ɣ
˿Һ
Ȼ¡

Ļ£ɫʯɫ׸һը˳ȥ
һƬռ¶˲½ʮȣȻǿҲǸоһǰɫʯӿһƬƬһֻ˳һŲȥĵ涼죬·Ũḯʴһ㡣
ɫһŰԺһ
ܣǱòЩ־壬ɪɪ
ܿ죬ɢȥʯڵĶڳ˳һֲħӰƤ԰ףͷмʿݻƵĺַź˵˫۾һֻīһֻ׵ѩһּΪаĸо
òǰ׼ҵ伮ڵĻ˲٣ǿȥûдȷʵǵǸҩʦۣЩļ£ʬٵǷˣ

һ𣬿øӱ
ҩʦʬצڣа磬ȥ
һʶڣеİһҡҷ
ߣ
ɫ΢䣬Űתӡ
ʶڵİԤҩʦʬǳֲԳĲΡ
ȻҲоΣգܡ
ҪӣȻ䣬Ƭռڵȫһʱ佫ͨĵ·

ȵ
еϻżƬһƬ顣
ͬһʱ䣬ֻаϢҽźɡ
Ű첽ӣȻһΣҲûηҲ־壬ȫ˵ǳߵİȥһ·𿴼¼ΪɿڵʳҪ븹С
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
֮ڶ߶رԪڱϣɨ˻ġ
ΪΪǿᣬԪҲޱȻûаҲɱ˵ʱ䣬飬һЩǱ𿪣ͨ˵·
𣡡
ʮܿٴζ
˻𣬵·һαգͬһʱ䣬һɱϢ֣ëըԥֱҺɶԶ
һըҩʦʬڵײ
һ㤣ⶫֲ̫ˣов
ҩʦʬһһֻ۶죬Ƶϣʱи˵ңܣһȫ˹ȥ
ʱ䣬˱޾
һͷͷһֻֻ˻𣬷ɱˣ׿Щˡ
ͬʱҩʦʬڵצӽʴ졣
ץң
Ű
䣬üĳƬİ˲佫Ƭռȫơ
һĻʱɫʶ󣿣һⶫˣʶҲһֻǵܹõһʶչҲܿСսܲȣĹŹʣͨ͸Ӿˡ
һʲôˣ
ĥ
ϻ
ȵ
ƣһƬƬҡҷƮȥ
ãȻһ̣һƬƬҽ
ֻ˲ѣƬ飬ʮɣ϶ɫڵϷķ·ܵ˺һ㡣
һ⡭ʶרſа뵽֮ǰһȭҷȻԭ֮ǰ͵͵ʶ󣡡
𳳣·ȣ

Ƭʮǚiͨ·ȥ
ʱһͨһɹɿ񱩵ӿһƬƬӿ룬оȻвڣһνͨµʵʵ
𣡡
Ͱ
ʶ󣬰һͷͷһֻֻȻһȴûηȫӿΪҪǣҩʦʬһζˣٶȷǳǺƵϢȴֲľˣץİ
ѽӿ
е
켹ܼİӿϣͬʱŲǚiȥ
Ÿոأܵһηӵ׿ˡ
ҩʦʬ죬һƣֱһѪ
תۼ䣬˱ƵƬռ䡣
ҩʦʬŲӣһһֻ۾Ϊаһ˹
ˣ
ҧ۶̽նҩʦʬ
Ȼҩʦʬֲ̫ˣ̽նϣֻһѪۡ
ҩʦʬצӣǰץ
޿ɱܣֻûȭǰȥ
һоԼȭͷ·һƬʯϣ㵱ۡ
һ˲䣬˻ٴηĳˡ
ǚiˣϱܿҩʦʬɨδͨ·Ȼ֮ÿһζǰͨɿϣ˸ӲȥΪҪǣҩʦʬֲ̫ˣǻţʯһҲǿֲޱȣ֮ΣͲɢ˼ܡ
תֱۣƵ˽
˵㵽ô£Щҩʦʬ˶ǳ

֮ǰͷˣƬռһЩ԰ƺ⡰աʱָоԣЩƳһȴǶŰ·ڿζʳԭʶžԵĿ֮η岻ҿȴסЩаҩʦʬֱӣÿһ̯צǳŰץȥ
ΪȡЩ𣿿ȥƺô£
üʵ
ǰαܿҩʦʬնյĴͨ˵·Զ߳ȥȴֱĶϣ˳˵ǳŰȥȻǲȥ⿴ȥֲܵҩʬʬӰ졣
֧֧ᣬԵóɺԥ
˵
ʲôѵ뱻𣡡
죺
һֻҩʦʬʱһٺƿȥ
ٶȱˣ
ҩʦʬϵƺֲܿ죬ǸճʱԵýӲٶۣʱƣĸоԷĶʼ
Сڣԥˣʲôԭ˵вУʲôرУϽȥЩǣҴͨ·ŰЩ˲ǣؼҩʦʬȥٶȱıһҾɱɾеҲûãǸʱг·ҲӲ
ĥίҶȥˣ
˵ʲô
Щ
ǚiˣɨһȺ󣬼˸ɿݵʯϡ
Ϊұ˾еر

üʲô˼
ңҡί̫壬Ҫҵ̫Դ


319 춯
һʱɫ˵ʲô̫壿
ǵã̫ʮҲǼΪǰʣһɣֱܻӳԭʼ̫֮ɸ¼κΨлɾѹ̫壬ȻǴδֹĺųƿɺɨһֻ塣
Ȼ̫壡
𺳡
죺ǰ׼һܣҶȸˣ
ǹң

߷Ȼа˵ҵ̫ԴĲҩ֮ǰΪηʶתȥˣֻʣͶìͷ׼ң뿪Ϊܵõҵ̫ԴʱգǾԿȽ޵еʥԶҡ
֪Ĺܣ
ĲС
ô֪ǻҩʦôԼӣǻ쵰һǰͬʱ굤ʬ;ǿԼɫʯгɳڣϣܽһǸ˵

ԽԽ£ǿֲҩʦ̲ס˰һ£Ǳ㺦ˣ˵ţɿȻ̫壬ôӦҲܶоԵĿ˾ͱٲҴţ׼ͨٶһ㣬һ֣콫𣬱ܿҩʦӳȥмǣҪȥӲǶǸףֻٶȳǰӳȥ
֪ˣ
ͷ
ʱ򣬰ȻҲֿΣգɫ֣
һĹ԰ȥȴʥ漴ٻ˫֣Ƭƴ𣬻һҶǰնȥ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
תۼ䣬ǰƬ飬һֻĹɨУ˷ɻҡ
΢̫壡
ǰ׼޾еĺҪȻȻ̫壬Ҳô򵥵ɱ

ףûˣʩչ޾ϻ໰ϰ

ֹͲ˵ʲôƵġ
ֹʲôأ
û
һ֣ƮɣĹ𶯣һƬƬնɱһֻֻ
ҩʦʬͺ𣬿粽øЩ̧ץ

԰
޾еi¼Ӱһλϡ
һʱˢˢĳȥ
ն
ȵ
ʶ󣬴ƬͬɫĹ⽣ɿĳܼתۼ͸˴ƬͬʱҲնɱһͷ֮˺ɫĻҽ
ವһҩʦʬ˹ץ
ŲһΣҩʦǰüгİն¡
䣡
ȹǿ˿ҲΪһ˵ҩʦֻ֮ˡ
һҩʦʬһ첻֮Ӳתɱ
ҩʦʼңٶȱԽԽ졣


ʱȥãƬռͰϣǵʱҩʦʬٶȱÿ˺ܶ࣬Ѿ˶ˡңʱƣƬռڵȻҩʦʬӿȥʹöԷϵϢøӵˣ̲ס͵ĳ鶯
֮𶯣رʮÿһ϶˰дŰϢŰһ𣬺ܿǽʣµȫɱ
ߣ
Űﳯͨȥ
ҩʦʬֲܿɲ֮Ӳ϶ԣӲΪ
৵һǰ͹ԣɫ䣬ٺˡ
ҩʦʬǰһһֱֻĶİ
ɫһŰٴζߡ
һ̣ǚiʩչޣһһӰ쵽ޡȻǣҩʦʬһκǰ٣һץ
ɫӶȭӭϡ
飡
һ죬һȭ·˽ʯϣͰͬʱ˳ȥʮ
ٶȺһˣ
ﾪ
ϻҿó
ʱҩʦʬϵŨצӸڣٶҲø죬Ѿһ㣬ɫЩѿʵԶԶȲҩʦʬԭΨٶߣڣٶҲˡ
ҩʦʬͺҰޣһѹ˹
һһֻתаĹ⣬ֱĶŰƺǶʳ㡣
쵰

ƿüļâʢʶһȫʩչܼİһ߳󽣣ݺݵĳҩʦʬնȥ
וּһת۳а֮ݺݵնҩʦϡ
һ죬ҩʦǰƿһƬѪҲʱ췢ҩʦؿһӡǣͬ÷ӡǣȥŹֶа
ӡ
ﶯݡ
ˣʵʲô
Ǹҩʦ֮ǰ϶̷ʬ굤;ֵҩڻ󣬺ľ۳ӡǳؿڣ仰˵ѨӡǺҩʦһʵܻ˲仯ٻң
ٵ
һȷ
ȫ϶Ӧò̫Զ

һǾһԣһϣ
ѾûпܣΨлٵҩʦʬлȥĻᡣ
ͷĹ˸չ޾âʱǿˡ
һƮɣʮ֮
һɴƣﱾ̫壬޾նǿߣĹȻҲǿ£رʶߺһҲƾס
䣡
ɿ񱩵ƺһ𣬶ʱҩʦĵŵŵŵĺˡ
Ҳʱ˳ȥһһӰ˲ҩʦǰ̧֣ӡһصĵͼʣڼ䲻ݷӡҩʦؿڣǵӡǡ
𣡡
˻ȻһЩˣЧȴǿ
Ȼ䣬ӿ񱩵ڳٺˣȴȻǱһЩʱȳһѪоͷҪɢһ㡣
һʮؿʹС
ǵӡرֵͼȻǳƺЧĻٵ

ˡ
ͷ
ǰһѹ˹嫺ӿ
Ͱҩʦʬֶξӡ֮⣬ر̫Ϣ޾ͨ裬Ȼȴûʲôãⴴ
飡
飡
һΣ˱ɣԿȳһѪ
ҩʦͺֱ̧ץһؿڴĵӡ·Ϊĳܡ

ҧǚiһչǰݺһȭȥ
һһȭֱֱҩʦؿڵĵӡϣǿҩʦԼȴǱʮԶҩʦؿڵĵӡֻһʹ·ڱһһ㣬˺ѷΡ
죡˹ȥû°ɣ
á

ҩʦסΣһɿ񱩵𶯣ͬʱһĵתƬռ䶼ŤϢʡ
ɫһ䣬Ȳ̫ˣ
ˣˣˣ
Ҳɫ԰ס
˿ֲϢվǿҲˡ
ҧ֣˼Ӧ롣
ʱеĽƺһ첨ʶʶײ΢΢һ̼䣬һƲ۴ʶǻķӡת۳ʶڵÿһ䡣


320 ҩ
˸Ʈʶڣͬᣬ˶ֻãķķ·һС磬һֳȴº͵ĸо
ˣ
˸羫Ծ
ܿ죬޾Ļһʶ۳ӵĺ׭塭ҩ䣡
ǣ
󾪡
ӵ׭΢΢һ𣬱ٴɢģʶ
һɲǣоԼԺжĶɬ¡ϡ䣬һ翵Ƶʶڣɣׯϡҩɻˣɱˡ
ֻһһӿ֣ǻ˸
ܿ죬еһȫʧΨе⽻֯ʶС
ˣ
ͻȻһɿѵع
ʶڷһֻɲǼѣʱ̧ͷǰҩʦʬϵøŨһֳҵĵ֯Ϣֲˡ
ô찡졣
ɥ
˴˿ѾƵ˽Ѿû·ˡ
𣡡
ҩʦһһֻ۶ˣƵ˹ȥ
ҧǚiһչŰʮԶ
ʶУ⻪˸һӿͬһųҵĻ档
𶯣
Ű
䣬һӰֱ˳ȥ
죬ʲô
󾪡
һ̣ɫ΢䣬һ߿ƶһ̧˫֣һ쵽ٶȿʼӡ쵽ʶ̫徹ֻǿӰ
ʱһĲɢʱʹҩʦʬ΢¡
죬ҩʦʬһ˵

ȵ
³ӡٶȴǸЩһӡ
ҩʦʬ·𿴵ʲôвַ·ĳһĳ˹ȥͬһǧֲս
תۼ䣬ҩʦƵǰһצӳȥ
죡
ɫ䡣
ҩʦֲľˣվǿҲΨһܵһ
ˣĹ˸޾еĺĴͨ
Ҳʱһɳҵȳ˲ɢ
ڽӡϣ˫һ𣬺һöصķԾ·һȼŵ̫ҩʦʬ΢΢¡
ӡ
ͺȡ
֣΢΢ͷһķУǰӡȥ
͵һöģֱҩʦؿڵֵӡ֮ϡ

ҽ̼ҩʦʬˣҴܣʹ
ҲǺһ΢оɫ
ã
΢
ӡǷųʶڵҩڵһƺǸӦҩʦʬϲдĵԵüΪ˳ȴ룬Ȼܹ˵ҩʦԷؿڵĵӡȻڿ߽⣡
һʲôʲôרǵӡһ㣿
ﾪȡ
ˣ
ҧ
һٴӡӡҩʦؿڵֵӡϡ
ҩʦĲҽ԰׵Ƥǿʼѡ
ӡ٣Ҫˣ
е
һζһμӡҩʦʬС
ҩʦκεӡ٣Ҳ֧ţѹŴ
ﬣ
رǼʶ󣬺նҩʦʬ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪҺ䣬ʧȥ˵ӡҩʦʬôҲ
һ
ͺȡ
˫ӡһΣöԾӡ
ֻһεӡԸǿ
𣡡
˫붯öģҩʦʬϡ
һһѹں֮ϣ̼䣬ҩʦʬһɣԶķѣը˿
ɴ˫ۣҩʦʬͨǿߣȻɵˣ
㲻˵ӡѨ𣬲ǽһٵĵӡѡ

ԣˡ
ͷ
ǰҩʦʬըĵط˸ѪâһöѪڵϡ
ü֮ȡ˹ǣ
ѪмǰЦӨ͸ɢһŨϢ
ѪֵǷ
ۡ
ʵʲôã
ǿѪΪʶʶء

΢㶣漴ϲ⵹ȷʵͦмֵ
Ѫɨܡ
Ƭռʬʿʬ壬ҲĲ
߰ɡ
԰
ð
ǻϲ
ʱ·ܿ߳˹ꡣ
Ŀá

ϻ
Ʋ졣
ԶһƬУʯȡƬıƿȫǸָĵҩ
Ǻϻһһ롣
Ц
ҵĹ͡
ԡ
ֻҪöɴʶﵽվյöյıȫ졣ϾЩУҲյдֵһЩҩȻҲܲɺյȴǲԶˡ
콫еҩϸϸһ㣬θջͦ
ʱ˹һקס죬׺ݵĵ˵һﵽʲôˣʹŹ֣ʶǿͨԽͨĿرᣡ֮ǰǻٵҩʦؿڴӡķģô£Щ̫ˣ϶һˣʵ
˵
ҡͷ
ʲô˵֮
ʵ

˳ŰĻ
һתðҲУҿر
ԣҵ޾
ܣ
Ǿûˡ
ҧ㣡
Цʩչ޼Ŷȥ
ʱѾȥüգ޼źصɷ壬ʶڡ
ʯȡһöѪ΢΢һ٣Ƿȥ̼䣬һɾ˵Ϣӿֶ嶼УÿһѪ⡣
ˣ
תļתԪӿѪйɵ
󣬽ģһɹŨϢʼʶڻ۶ȥǣʶڵʶϢ·һ𣬽ʶˮԴò˵ЧǳľˣоԼʶԽԽǿ
ˣһۣʱȥ
ʱһǿϢڳһ쫷絴
˫ۣâһţֻоرøһ̣ʶشﵽʶأʶøǿǱøǿ֪Ҳø

һûվǱ˫ۣʶڵķӡ
ҩʦʬսʱʶײͻȻķӡ۳ҩ䡱֣һҩʦʬвǸʱûʱȥ˽⣬˿УȻ̽
΢˫ۣɨӡҩ䡷κһ𣬾˫ۡ
ҩʦһ߹ž
ļ¡


321 ž
Щȣû뵽⡶ҩ䡷Ȼҩʦһ߹žͬʱҲ뵽һ£ʶײʲôһѣȻҩʦһϵĹŷʵЩˡ
ѽ
ľ
Źͨʶײ񽣣ȴ
ֻ÷񽣻ǲơ
ˣ޺С
ҡҡͷ
һٴα˫ۣ½ڡҩ䡷֮ϣ֮ǰҩʦ⣬ҩʦһЩȤԵɺ֮£Ӵһ߹žرȻܷŲ
̼䣬εľķӳʶڡ
ҩ䣬ɹ屦žΪ͵ƪƪ
У͵ƪ޾׺Ͷ͵ַ͵ȵһƷµȱƷϵȱֵףӦоУˣɻɱɶΪɱˣͬʱи˿ʮߵףǵ
ԪɿݵĻ羳ǿٻʮ꣡

£ӰѾ֪ɴ˿ڡҩ䡷ĿãǾޱȡסɨӵףЩԣἰĶ͵ǧ֣ÿһֶغʥûĳ
ܿҲȻȱ׼ǲǷ
ƶĿ⣬ڡҩ䡷ƪϣмĹ֮ǰʩչġӡеһ֡ϸϸȥƪУĵļĺֲܿɢģǵ죬ˡ
⡭Ѿͷ˵ҩʦʵһ㲻ôô£
졣
ƪļۣܿƿֲ
ˣпʡ

¿ҩʦһͿʦһ޼Ҳȷĵȼ֣ǿֱһƷҩʦƷҩʦƷҩʦƷҩʦƷҩʦƷҩʦƷҩʦƷҩʦƷҩʦԼﵽ۷߼ҩʦҩʦһ֣ҩ
ҩ𣬻ǰԵĳν˵֮ǰпʱƺ֣ѵҲǴﵽ۷徳Ŀʦĳν

ҡҡͷ¿ȥ
Уʼ͵ҩΪ¯Ԫ𣬴ﵽƷҩʦɿʼӦȼһ·ȥֵһ;Ϳʦ࣬ʦǴѰϿʼǴѰ϶͵ʼߴﵽڣ޳ɼΪµ
Ƭ̣վҩʦ
֮ˣΪҩ䡷ȷܲУָıǳãҪ㣬һ㣬ҩ䡷ڼʮֿԪĵף꣬߿ʮ꣬ȿԪĵɶżĳΪʿԣԪϡĶһ룬ƿмԪıԼԼˣԪҪɿʱ㶼ɻӦĵڶǺεҵ£
ڶ㣬ȻƪмصǼͨѾˡ

ͳ֮һΣҾŴһⵤ
̾â
ʿһ;ԭھڷΪѧ̫࣬κһ϶޷ﵽ㣬ȴô࣬ԼֻҪǿѧĶõĶԸѧңԼܽеĵ·ߵ۷嶥㡣
һ͵ƪһƷµȵѧ
ɨһۣĿ򵥵ıٹȵϡ
ϣѪݣ¶ȡ
΢ɨֱۣٹȵҪĲϲࡣ
ҪһĶ¯
ЩȽϼ򵥣޼ڶԻȡ

룬վɷ峯޼ŵ汦ȥ汦Ÿַ͸ϣ޼ŵĵӿͨҺ似һӦֵķͲϵȣƽﵹвٵС
ˣ

ģǰ˿㣡·
һͨ޼ŵӸɫ·Ǽһ
ԴЩԣȴҲö˵ʲôֱ汦һִǰ棬ҶһԼҪĶֱ߳汦ɷȥ
ɷʱǡ
㲻ɽϴţʲô

ʱѾͷһٵĳ嶯Լ͸ɽϴ
˶٣ĳ⣬ʰˣ֮ǰ˵ҩʦʵһ㶼ôǿΪʲôһûԼͨ
ôˣ
档
ʡ

һҲû룬˵һ;ԶɾŴеһרе£һߵ۷壬һϹž๥ɱʱ䳤Уʧˣ񣬵һ;ϣҩʦֻζ͵Ĺȴ˶
Ŵеһˣҩ𣿡
΢
ԡ
ͷ
̲סһѵ˵ǡҩ䡷ǾŴ֮һҩ
ⶫôԻ
һʱ䣬סˣ⡶ҩ䡷ž
ιιιôˣ
е
عҡҡͷûʲô
ˣ𺳣ԡҩ䡷𺳣𺳡
һɷ壬ȡͨȻȺСǡ
˵ɷôôͨСһ޼һֻҲûС
ﹾ档
ɨۣɷ˵ԭΪΪͨɽû̫ȻͨС룬ڷ׽Ǻ¡
գգۣʵԷ׽絹ͦ˽⣬Ҷûȥ׽𣿡
Унɼ򵥣ûôп
лᣬȥ档
ɷһֱƻʱ֣뿪޼塣
䣬ǳ鲼죬ء
̧ͷһգɫѾܰеǰʱһЩСһһһЦЦеһƬΪĵط£һƬտһǴʯȡһڸĺڶ
ڶ㣬Ͼ߶ǣ淽һֱԼĶڣֱͨ⣬ǡͿڡϸȥԷ֣⡰Ϳڡ洦Ųϸ΢֧Щ֧ͬõĹܵ㴩ںڶĶڣƿڶڱڣڶʮСЩСǡڡ
濴˼͵ʼƪֺڶ򵥵ҩ¯ҩʦַڡͿڡ߶ԪʹԪͨڵĸͨӶڵʮڡųǻ챦ĵ𡣵ҴﵽȶҩʦԶڴϣ϶ǣʼƵ

һתԪ֣źڶġͿڡȥ


322 ҩʦ
Ԫӿ֣ںڶġͿڡʱ䣬Ԫ˳ŶͿڴһ֧ӿ롣
ͣ
һ죬ڶɫһʵʻ˳
ֵɫСˮһ㷭
ǵˣȵ壬Ҫƻ档

ĵ𲻹Ԫͨڶùû⻹ҪҩʦԴ˼ԿƺʹȶΡһǶ͵еĵһѵ㣬ûرļɣȫ츳ͺڵϰﵽ졣
ȫעźڶڡ
߶ȼУŶڳĵӿԪʼƵһһĵӿĶȣʹúڶڵĵһδԾԽԽʵķ˴Լʱ䣬ֺ󣬺ڶڵĵͻȻޱȰ뿴ڲĻ棬Ǹоȼա
ã
һĨâ
աҩ䡷ϵļأһɡ
һл±ٹȵĸֲϵµڸ׶Ҫֵ¶Ⱥ󣬱Ǵ򿪶ǣһѪݣʮγ¶һȶ붦ڣСĽǸϡ

꣡
׼ʼһ촫붦ڵѪֱӱյһƬڣʮγ¶вֱӱȵĵԴˣ첢ûʲôգԵúƽҪһɸͲܡ
ҡҡͷٴοʼ͵
һʧʮΣǽѪճ˻ҽǽ¶ǽƵĽţʮεʧȻǺ壬ʮεʧܣÿһζۻһЩ͵飬Ǵ˳ɹıԵ


Ѿ䣬ٴνѪݣ¶÷ڶڡ
ˣ
淭ڣתۼ佫ҩһ֡
ŶڣںڶġͿڡָᵯʱ׻֮ӿ֣ʹúڶڵĵҲ΢΢˸ڵһʱһö𾧣ԪбȻ׻֮ʮεʧУ췢Ԫе׻֮ʹõø͸ÿƣЧҲá
ɫ֣أָнÿһε𶼻˸һ¡ʱ򣬺ڶڣֳ˼֣ÿһֵ¶ȶһĿ£ֱѪݣ¶Ȱʼպҩеľ
ƶÿһ¶ȣǶ͵еĵڶѵ㣬ʮʧܺеġַﵽ˿ÿһĵ¶ȵĲΡģѪݷٻڻ¶ڶڰ

³һ֣ɫø֣ء
ָƵԽԽƵ߶ͬ¶ȵĵ𽫷ٻѪݺڻȸǣһŵ𽫳¶ΪһƬȵ¶ˣٻѪݺڻȰСҲʱڶͿڴָǴ߶׻ԪʹúڶڵĵƽϢ¶ȿͬһϡ
Կڣȼա
ͷϽЩΣɫҲ΢Щ԰ףȻ͵Ĺ̷ǳķѾһҹʮεĳԣֻ;ϢһΣ˿ԪѾҪףҲķѵķǳأһֽҪѵĸо
ʱ䣬š
ڣҩںһڵķ£һķڣ졣
ˣ
ڣʱޱȣʱºˮ
ܿ죬һӹȥڵҩıһ𣬻һӤȭͷСĵɫճ
һ
лһĨâһԪѹϣʱ䣬ڵĵ·һУӤȭͷСĵɫճһδһĴָǴССš
һΡ
һǶ͵һѵ㣬ʣľ߶ȼУԪĿҲǱøȶֱԼֹȥ֣ڶڵһСűûԲһ㵭ɫ֣ڵ
˸ͣ
ǳֵıٹȵ
һ𣬽Ǵ򿪣һֽеʮöٹȵȡ
ٹȵոմӶȡҴŵȣһöڣ׽һ븹УƬ̺󣬱ǲĵ˵ͷһƵıٹȵЧ󣬱ʯеЩٹȵ˲١


ʵ˵һҹﵽΣǺܸ˵ġ
ɫ콫ƺõıٹȵ𣬽ڶ𣬴Ӳе߳صǰ档һҹĶ͵ľĵĺأϥڵǰӭųļֱȥһ֮ͣصеϢظ
һۣҹٴν١
ʱһٴе󣬼С
͵ҩһΪϽḶ́м˸ţпܻᵼ;ʧܣԣеʱÿÿѡҹУҹʱ֣õκ˴ţȫĵͶ뵽֮һȥ
ȡڶ¯ȡҩģһֱͶ뵽֮С
ʮʱ䣬ճʱϢʱļʶǵе֮󣬰աҩ䡷ڼصĵĶ졣ʮռ䣬ǰ汦ȡֲϣȺƳԪֹѪɢ衣
ȻЩһƷ
ֱֹȥһգ쳢ƶƷķʱ䣬ǿɹ
ʮյĶ͵У췢ԼڵԪ࣬ңҲǱǿ˲٣Ϊʹ΢򣬿һֵһ;ԣŴٽá
ϣԲ¸߹ңԡ
ڣǿǴﵽ˶ƷҩʦΡ

ò˵֮ôﵽƷҩʦΣΪΪǿ󣬶п֮һ̶뵤Щϵ㣬ԣеͱһ˸˲ֹһ̨ףһˣҪ̶ͨȴﵽƷҩʦûиصʱ䣬ǲ̫ܵ¡
ڶҩģ˫ۣʼšҩ䡷ƪȥ
֮ѡ޵һǱšҩ䡷ڵЩȥ
ӡӡӡ
һ·ɨȥʱʱ
֮ǰ񽣵£Ѿ޳ӡʱʼ
ˣһۣչȥ
һ峿ʱ֣ӭųһ׼ϢǴɽι޼ŽջҩʦϹҪҪȥ
ҩʦ
һ㶡
ʮ̵ĸɶҩʦǴһЩҩʦ޼ȻҲУÿ궼ЩҩʦһΣڵӵļʶ
ڶҩʦң
һ㶡
һ㣬֮ǰûôע⣬ʱЩ档
ȻеģƬǿҩʦңλԱȵʮɣǿЩҩʦҲζ͵ҩвٵϵĹʵƸǷǳˡ


323 ҩʦ
΢Щ죬ƬﾹȻҩʦңʮɣǿЩ𺳡뵽һֻпʦĴţȲڶȣʵڲ̫̫࣬ڶȺ財
ʲôأȥȥ
ǰΡ
ع񣬵ͷǾȥ
ոտҩʦ֮·ȻѾǿﵽƷҩʦΣǶ͵ľϾǺ٣ܹһҩʦҵҩʦܵõˣȻԸȥһҲʲôʧ
£ɷ壬ܿһƬȺܼĵططǳտǰһʮ˵Ļɫʯ̨̨Ѿڷźһɫ¯ⶦ¯ʮߣȻҪ֮ǰõĺڶ¯߼һЩ
˵Զǰλ¯
¯ǰһ¯𣿡
οǸ˰ɣ˵ǰһһλҩʦţʮ꣬ѧϰ꣬ѾҪﵽƷҩʦĲˣ
ʲô
ǰʮ䣬еʮ꣬˵ҲŴﵽƷζѣѧͿҪﵽƷˣôţ
ţ㾪Ҳûá
Ⱥ۷׷ס
Űǰ
Զ޼ŵҩʦϣƷҩʦΣΪʶ죬ʵԶһʶʿǿ󡣡Զ޼Ŵҩʦ֮һÿ궼ḶҼߵıꡣ
ҩʦңң
ʵ
ȥؾڶֲΪæδҩʦҡ
ңܼңңǿĳ̶ֳ˵ʮ̶Ҫࡣ

ʮǿܶࣿ΢һ壬ǰ׼Σ
ɵ⣬ûñȣϹңȼʵëëûʲôԡ֮˵ҩʦұʮǿΪҩʦҺ͸мõĹϵ˱Ҫʱ򣬿֣ǿڣһʮԶԶ޷ȵġƾһϹʱļȣǳ˵Ρ
˽ˡ
ͷ
һ𣬳ǰȥðĻ˵վĽЩ
ٵ۷׷ףͰʱɫ
ɷǿˣ
ɶ

˱ɫ
ʱ䣬ǰóһ·
Ȼ޼ŲãֳĶν󣬿ѺĽһڵɷɿĽǿվ֣ǣܵ޼֮룬ȥ޼Уɾȴˣʹʱϯ޼ţ޼Ų֪˻ûм
Ц㿴˼Ҷ㣬Ҿ˵׵ˣ㻹ϡ
ôԹԵĳǰȥ
ֱ߳ԶȺ˿
չһطΧԽԽ޼ŵӣ۷׷ס
ҩʦҵҩʦÿ궼޼ŵӹۿ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ˣ
ͻȻ˽е
ǰ̨ϣһ˳ȥᣬļΪӢ
ǣ
ǰһǸҩʦţոǰһ޼ţ
Ǹҩʦ
ϻ
⡭
˻Ȼ
޼һڵӶ꣬ɫһЩŮʿ¶֮ɫһ޲óȥסı顣
һȻʶΪȷʵͦ

ɨһۣû˵ʲô
ɨˣŰʱ϶ʱ¶Щ֮ɫҲֻɲǼѣ꽫Ŀ˻һ˵Цţλָ̡˶٣ʱ׼Ժˣгһ¯Ԫλ¿ȡ
١
˿
ЦЦȡԪһЩҩģɫҩǰ
𡣡

ֻɫ¯ںܿ˻ɫĵ֮ٽҩĶɫ¯ڣеĵһƵԾȻڿƵ¶ȡ
ģƣ㴫
¯ǰһڶ¯ġͿڡԪɵ붦¯ڡ
ôַ
νţȻһ㣡

˷
쿴ҲǲòϣԪַܴ죬ҲֻϴѣûʲôڣҪȵĻ٣ԪƵԶԶȲ
ϾֻһƷΡ

û뿪ǵ뿴һƷҩʦεԶ
ʱţܿСʱȥͣ˿ƶڵ
򿪶ǣʱ˿˿ƮȡڵԪʮöÿһöɫʣȻܲһ㡣
׳ˡ
Ц
˵Цˣ׳Ƕûˡ
ǰ̫ǫˡ

˹ά
ЦŵлƶĿϣڰԱߵϣЦλ̨µĵΣ
û뵽ȻᵥԼҲûô˼ڵС
ϵЦʱӲ˼֣У
Ͱվһ𣬹ϵǺܣǹһԼĵΣǰһЩڸУȴֻƮƮĻһ䡰СʱЩĿ졣
һһ䡣
죬΢ܿζЦ벻벻¾Ȼڵ֮һԣ˼ʵǺ˼
üЩ죬һֱСҩ䡷͵ҩȻȻĵ֮ǰҲûϴ뱻˳ʹ΢Լʵǲɨһۣ˵ʲô
ߵ⼸һֱڶ챦ϵ趨Ȼ
ۡ
еƣЩϲΣΡ
ط޼һ˲죬Ƿ⾪ȵĶ졣
˻е
⡭ɣ
û˵
˽Ծ
죬קʵȻе
ʲô壡

۶죺벻ʵ벻޼Ȼеͬʵ¡˵ţЦ¼ӦҲǲʱдһ²ߴͽ̡
ɨһۣûȤͽ㡣
ܲ˶ݣ󵨣ҩʦҵĴ˾Ȼ
ɫʱ˼֣ЦĿԱߵİϣЦ¼Ȼұȣ͵䣬Ȼ䣬͵ĴۣɷߵĹһ޼š
һ㶣漴Ц
аֻҪԸ⣬ʮҲ˿
ˣڴע⣬ʵ֪˵ʲôãȻעϹҵĹˣ


324 ҩʦ
һ㶣ȷʵǱòŰǰվһ𣬹ϵȥܣԲŻ죬ȴû뵽ȻһҲ⡣
Щˣһקס죬ŭôˣ
Ȩϣ㣿

Ǻң
죺
һĻ죬Цֱ䣬£ȷʵáжҪеһ֣ˣҴߡ
в
Щͷ
ԭ뿴һƷҩʦҩ˿ȴû飬תߡ
ɾ䣬ת߳ɶԶ
վס
ܹһסԲ˴۾

ü
ָ˵ˣ㲻ýƳȥ
ԣֲʲôˡ
ԸҴߣǸңȥҴҡ
˵
ĥѹڿ϶ΪֹϵȻôΪˣҪΪҶսָ᣺ȥ
췭ۣôȷһᵤ
ûڵʤԿһ٣򲻹㡣
죺
¶ˣ
ûȤҲȥһ٣Ҳһ򲻹㡣
˵
䣬תߡ
ߣ

㵽
ԡ
ȥȥ
ȥ
治ȥ
ȥ
ĥʹŹ֣ҵ̫Դܿܳд⣡ҪǲȥҾ͸ȫ£˵ֻ壡
϶ʱֳܼĺߣֻ壿ҪЩһ˺
Ҳֻ壬Ϊ˵һ䣬˾Ͷţ
ߵǰ׼ҵϵû˻ỳϹҵĻ
Ҳֻ壬㣬ˣ̫壬ҿԽܸˣʱӦҲᷳյİɡ
췴
԰ûʲôˣֲֻ壬㱻֪ˣҲü𶯾һ¶ѣֻɾͲһˣŴµĻǽֻƵĶ棬ǿɶһֻء
ﻵЦ
ȥҧһڡ
ȥȥ
죬ƯĴ۾г״ҡֱۡ
Ӳʩ
ȥҴȫȥ
ܺڡ
ŭͬ⣬ȴЦͶ
˵ţӲǽ˻ȥ
Ǳȣ

ۣЦ죺ǣе
ЦһС
ϻҳ⡣

ܣ޼һԣǺա
һܿҩʦҵĴˣһȻˡ
Ǻ˧İ
һȻսǿڵܱȵùҩҵˣ
ۡ
ȴǺ⣬Цˣ´áȷʵϸо˵һ͵֮ضֻżȻõЩƤëһЩҰҩʦָ㣬ܹҩʦҵȣͺñҰ͸߿յľȡ
һһԾ̨ϡ
£ʲô
Ц
ûʱ˷ѣղһ¯ԪҲһ¯

һ㶣Ц£ԪɲüһƷҩȽѡ
롣
첻͡
ɫ¯ǰϣԪӿʱ䣬¯ڱ˵𡣵ȼգԪӿ룬ܿȶüΪ
⡭
᣿
ǸˣȻϰе
һĻʿԾ
Ҳǵɴ˫ۣţһȻĻ᣿֮ǰƿеֻǲϲƣǿȥȣڵˣͿһ٣ȴû뵽òĻᵤȻ׾ȶ˶¯ڵĵΪ졣
ɫ΢ȶǶ͵ҩеĵһѵ㣬ȴôɾˣ˿ľܿ죬ɫָһȻܼѣȴҲ㲻ʲôһϰ˺ܶΣûޣӦҲɣͦ̿࣬ĺѵá
ѵô⡣
ѾȶһӣԪҩȫ붦¯ڡ
ˣ
ɫ¯ġͿڡ˿Ԫӿ׻֮
ʱɫһ䣺ԪлԪǼдڶ͵һ;Ų׵ЧõӲ٣ҲࡣеҩʦܹڼԪ̳֮ȴǿ£û뵽ԪھȻл
⡭
Ǽһֺȼһ
ָٵʲô𣿡
¯ڵĵڱ仯ָԾ
⡭ǣ
Ʈݵַ
˾ȡ
ʱɫ¯ڵĵֶȼգָᵯеĲתۼںһŨĵ㴫˳һĻǲˣҲǿ͵֮ƮݣǱסĿ⡣
ܿ죬ֹȥ
ϵ׻ɢȥ𶯣Ȼϡ
ɲǼ䣬ɫ¯ڴͬ
ܿ죬ʮȥ
ջ֣Ǵ򿪡
ʱŨĵƮ˶Ǿһ
㣡
˵ﾪ
һӣʮöȡй֯
˭Ӯ˭䡣

ɫѾױˣ𾪺ͲţԭΪֻǴªϰһЩƤëȴ룬Ȼô׾Ƴһ¯ԪǴӶķѵʱ䣬ǱĹ㣬ȻҪʤ
ֻǶ˳ƷѣľЧΣҪߵȼҩʦ֤ĵ㲻ףЧܲΡ죬ȴ׼ö͵ˣж˭Ԫá
Цαô鷳
ֱӽõԪȡС
ʲô
ɫ
죬ԹԿšʯ̨ˣٴοڣҵƵԪҶԪλжϡ
һ֣УʮöԪɳʮ޼ŵС
롣
˵
ʮ޼ŵ໥£漴һǰһֲͬԪ
ܿ죬ʮȥ
У˶ʮˣﶼ⡣
ֹȥʮ˱鶯ݡ
⡭
Ԫ㣬գָԪЧá
ȷȷʵǡ
ʮȺ󿪿ڡ
ʮ˵ı𺳣ŵĶ졣
˲սֲȻҲ˸߳ȻҩʦҵҩʦͳԪЧҪã
ۣһĻᵤҾȻҩʦҵҩʦ죬Ŀɫĥ쵰׶ѧЩʲô̫Źˣ̫ˣȻô£ɶ񣡡
ʱʯ̨ϣ쳯˹ȥˣվ𶯡
ԣ˶һ
ǡҪҩʦҵţ
˵ۡ


325 ӡ
쳯ԼɫҪʲô
Ҫʲôˣ˶ʣ

ƽȣȥ
ʯ̨£˶Ǳɫ
Ҫ飿
ǿҩʦҵĴ˰
⡭
˱ɫ
ﵹһҲ⣬壺
ͨ˲ֱӣø߼ҩʦС
㵹ҽڡЦɫ¯ҴеֶöԪûԪƵʱʱڻһ㣬ĳӦø߹ɣ˿һ˭Ԫڻ
Ļ˶ɫ¯ڡ
ܿ죬ʮȥһöʼڻһö
ǡ
ڻԪԪ
ȷʵǡ
˶ݡ
һ£ɫˣҧҧȴ˵һ
첢ϻֱƹȥ
£ӣ½ҹǷһ顣

ӣʲôӣ
첻м
ŲһΣɲǼǰ̧һƳ
žһֱӺɳȥһѪˮ˳
٣
˱ɫ
һ޼ţԶһ;ȻҲڸָ棬˿̼һƳɣЩҸָɫ䡣
£ͣ¡
Ҹǰ
治ɫÿ
ѾһΣ̫֣
Ҵ꣬˸棬£þձȽ׵
ˡ
ҼĮ
Цвң
̸ϣֻ˵һʵѡ
һ˵
һЦٶ˵ʲôһǰȥ
£𾴾Ʋ
ž
ǰһҸֱӱһķɳʯ̨һҽС
ˣ˸ɫ
ˣ

ŭ
èһȥ
ŲƽһӣһɿҰ絴ǰļȫɨɡ
𣬼һߣǲҺ
ˣ˼ɣ
ҩʦҵˣȻôɣǡ
̫ˣ
ļ¡
һ룬ʵȴҲԲ£ϾôĻǵһҩʦңܻ鷳
쳯ȥա
ơ

ʱŭҪ̫֣
һɢǿϢʶΪչɡ
ʵҲǰΣ
첻м
ӭֱһƣ˶ԷԪٴν֮ɡ
ڶƣ˼ʱҽ
һ⡣

ʱԶһߣһĻɫʱ
৵һʯ̨ϣԱߡ
Զǰ
⡭
ˣ
˶ݡ
ԶԱߣɫܳô£
壡
Щ޵Ķ졣
˳Ŀȥ죬䣺㶯֣
ǡ⣬ĩʱһ䣺ʣһ⣬ÿ
ԣֳʱһ
һ
ԶǰˣŵҩʦϣһȻ˵
ǡ
ľ
ʱɵļҸУԶԱߣ˵˼䡣
ʱԶɫһ£޼ŵһͨӣڵһϣȻʤҵҩʦԶͷ΢
ɫѿȴҧǡ
õ϶ĻشԶǸӾˣıʱ˼֡
첽ƽǰ
˼ңÿҩʦһ⡣
˵
ҩʦҧļΪʱɫѿ
Զɫٴγˣ¾ôˣڡ
ԣ첻ɵһЦ
ڣĿϣҺ˹ϵ±Աȵ뽫߶ߣҲˣڣˣӦ⣬˵ڣ
Ļʯ̨£˽Բ죬漴۷׷
Ҿֵ⣡
ߡ
Ļŭקȭͷ
ԶһΣѾΣ¾ʹ˽ҹ
ʹ˽ҹ㵹˵ɡ
Ц
䣬ٶԣֱӱǰȥ
Զˣµ㵽ΪֹΪ̫ſˣ
֪Һſ񣿡
ߡ
ŲֱͣӳǰȥܿԶһƣǰ
ɫ㡭
ž
һǶɶԶڿ¼ݡ
⡭ĳˣ
ȻԶǰֶҵ죡
һǡ
˵
ԶҩʦҵˣǱ޼źķѼĴȻԶֶ޼һڵӸľһ
ԶҼæ˹ȥȴѾ˹ȥ
ԶȻҲˣɫޱ
ܺã
Զ
˵仰˺ܶ࣬һ

䣬תߡ
৵һԶǰڶ͵֮ʤصϣҲϷ򲻲ţһʱҲֽһ˵ţԶ췴Ļᣬֱֽ̧ӡƾݻҵ
ⷽ¶ȼߣ޼һڵǸźԶɵĲ
ϻ쵰

˶֪ڶֻҵҩʦƿеϵĹԶҪ֮ԾҲ췴ӦĻᣬðЩһЩ޼ŵҲǱ˱ɫ
ⲻ۸
ǡ
ǿܹ͵Ѿѵˣܻʧĵ
Сֹ
ʯͷϣԶɫ⣬ֻ̧Ӷ𣬳ѹȥ
ˣָ̣
Զ
ɫҲǳкâ
ܺãҾָһ

Ȼ͵Ѿ¶չҲûʲôˣΪҪǣԶܲ粽ϣӡ任ܿ죬һö֮֯طԻҫ㣬ʱ˶۾
֮һӡ
ƶ֣ӡʣԶĵײһ
ֻ͵һ̼䣬Զĵֱ
𵤻㡭Ǵ˵еĻӡ
Զɫ
ƳƲѹԶؿڡ
ĵ𣬻㣡

̼䣬ҵĵöӡڳתۼԶȼ

ԶҽУһλ档
һԶǰ̧Ⱦһţۣȥ
һԶ䵽ʯ̨£еĸҡ


326 Ŵ
Զʯ̨£ҽ𸲸ˣһľ
ϣ
иִУٳȥ
޼һǶ죬Բ˫ۡ
ղţطģǡ
ƺȷǡ
⡭ȻĻᵤ
˶סˡ
ƯĴ۾ԲĹĵģ죬·ǿһͷ䡣
ɫƽʯ̨ȥ
վס
ҩʦôߣ

Ҽɫơ
첽䣬ɫ䣬һɨһƬ磬ֱӽɡ
𣬼˽ǹȥɶԶ
һְ
˵
ʱһɿ񱩵Ԫ𣬲ԶԶĵ
ݵһһ졣
ͷױֽ̣ܿ
Զ죬кâȻȴ𾪣ղõĿǻӡ˭̸ʧĵ
ԶܾȣԭΪֻǻ򵥵Ķ͵ҩڶ͵ҩϣֶ죬⣬Եѹţ첻ܻᵤֻҩʦдСȻû뵽ǣ첻ֻǻ͵ҩͬԣʩչĵȻʧõĻӡųƿһл棬ܽɵĻ淴ƳȥҩҶûֻشĵ伮ᵽȴ룬վȻ޼һͨϿˡ
˼ң㣬һݱȽϺá

Զ΢㶣漴ɫһ䣬Ϊ壬˿ͷѾǽһƬͺңǱյĴƲʣƤҲǴˣЩƣνǺѿ޼ŲŮӲȥ
ʱ䣬Զɫʯȡһ׻ֶϡ
˭ĵ
Զ졣
ʱ죬ԶǾâʧĻӡͼпܻĵһҩʦҶԣһǳ𺳵¡
첢ػֱӳԶȥ
վס৵һԶǰ˭̵㵤
ɫֽˣʹǰ
㻰
Զ
ĶԶбҪش㣿˵һΣǰ
ˣҪ̫Ϸǡ
飡
̧ȣֱһԶʱԶɳȥɶԶ
һĻ޼һڵӸֻоԼĶҲʹ
ŵҩʦϰһȻ˵޼ɵ
ļ¡
߷Զһﲻֱӳɷȥ
գգۣæ׷ȥ
һۣ˱߳ȥԶֻһȺɵ㶵վԭء
ԶԶվıӰ־ŭ

һ䣬Զһ䣬ץ뿪
ʱ޼˼֡
⡭£
ƨĵ㣬ڻ

˵Ǹ˵ô£սǿᾪˣĽǿվ֣ǣȻе͵ƿŵԵҩʦҵƷҩʦֱǡ
󣡡
һʵ̫ˣôҩҵˣ𣿡
һ۷׷ס

뿪ʯ̨ʱѾҪߵɷɽš
ȵң
׷󣬺ܿ׷졣
бɨһۣˣ
ţ⡣
Цĺ
Ҳ⡣

ԭһƷҩʦȴһá
㣬ҲӦòˬŶѽһ룬ˣδӣ£𣿶ֱ
գŴ۾
ϧǲֹϵ

б˰һۣٶ˵ʲô
Աߣô۾һı顣
첻˵Թɷȥ
첻˵Щ̲סˣڵιιһĻ͵ҩȻᵤ̫Źˣ͵ҩҲͰˣɵ˵ֻҩʦҵĴ˲ŻᣬǴѧģ
޾Ҿ͸㡣

ߣһ޼չأʶأȻյﵽվ
䣬ֱܵˡ
ҡҡͷѾɷ壬ֱӵȥ
ʱɫ磬һ߹ڰУյĴһƬ
ɷʱһֻֻСһڲеǰԡ⣬ʱһѷӿ
ǡ
ЦȡһЩͨιЩСһ
ɷѾһʱ䣬кһȺСһţȷʵͦȤ
ͣɷϵʶ󣬿ʼ
ˣ
ļתܿ죬ɢŨŨâ

ʱ޼һƬڣһ¥ڡ
壬˵ģȻʧѾõĻӡ
ľ
һῴ
Զ
һ𣬵Ȼˣ壬ǾԲܷŹ
һ㣬˵
Ŵ⣬ԶӼΪоâ쾹ȻƿҶĵӡĳν룬ܻĵңҲǴ˵еĵܹЩȡУҵʵܹڶʱڸһпܷ
Ҹᣬ֮޼ţʱѹңȡе

ȡõҪ
һ죬޼һ˵汻ܣ⣬ҩʦνǶˣ͸졣
ȿ޼š
Զգðԭһᣬϧ׷¼ʼĩȴ죬충µĹƽע⣬첢ûʲôԼҲҪԱȵܵһͿأȻҲûеһȥ޼ſظ졣
ܻлᣬûУԼᡣ
Զ

ɷϣʶУüĹâ˸һһĴʶ
ǰҩʦʬڵѪﵽʶأʶѾޱʶڵİҲĸ׳ϵĹԵø˼֣档
ҲЩﵽʶأյվ

ﵽվնУʿԣһɾܴ߱ջ
ˣ
⣬Ĵʶܿǵҹ䡣
һҹϢ峿ӭųɺٴʶ֮С
ļתٴâ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ƣһĹ
һ죬޼˾ŸڵˣֱŸ̵ĳϣվ۷塣ŸУһ߸һӣǲǰҩʦĹӳ̵Ľܳӡ


327 ޼
ڶʮɣоŸ̵ĳһ޼ţȻ޼ŵӣвٷӭ˳󣬾޼ŵԭ޼һ˾ȣΪɷɱа˸̵Ľܳͽ
ϣӲ
Ľ
޼ü˸Ƚ컽ʸ
鷳ֱȥɷѹ󣡡
Ľ

ɷϣϥʶУüĹ㣬ҲǴ˿˿ԡ
ˣ
ļתʶʶͬʱѪֹҲһ
üģܸоʶĴٶȿЩ
վǲȱʶȱĴЧӦûü

һ㣬ȷʵЩź
ɷ廹һܣƽЩ
ɽڵʲô֮һ÷ѵҳ

ܹʶڵӦʣɷϵܾܺˣںųƶսʥ
һٴͶС
ʱʮǿƳɷϣɫ΢䡣
˫ۣʶ߳еǰȥ˿̣ɷ˲ˣɢϢǿ󣬾Ȼվ۷ĲΡ
ЩУϵ޼ϵĽϵһӡ
㣡
΢
꣬ǲǰҩʦɱᱦ̵ӡ
죬֪
һӴϡ
Ľ죬ԵúǱ䡣
ʲô
ɫһ
Ľ۷壬ƼǿЩ̫ܡ
ʲôĽɫӸʮ֦ͬȴΪᱦɱа˴̵Ľܳͽħͷԣ㻹Լʲô޼ô󣡡
һһɷԭ
Ǹ꣬ĽĽɰˣ
ʣɱͬӦ
Ľ
Ц̵ָĵӵ㲻ȥֻݽֱҪŶҵΪǰЩӣҴķϲͽܣöˣ
Ŀ𳤣
Ľȵû뵽ﾹ˷񣬾
𳤣첻мҳֵ𾴣
ĽɫֱӺȵˣѹΪ޼ţ
ǣ
˶ģһЩִ£Щ˸ʶ۷壬˿죬չ˵ɭɭ

ȡ
һ𣬵һƬ磬ֱӽɡ
Ľǿ󣬵η壬˿ӣ֣ǲ׾Ҫ˷ΪǰίȫڶڹġʲôӺ죬ĳЩʱǷų˵Ļɷݺʮ
ֻҪն˻ģҲη˭
ƫͷ̵꣬ЦҩʦڣǾɱҶᱦɣǰ˷ǳΪ꣬Ȼ˼޼Ѱ鷳ǹӣ޳㣬޳֣
̵꣬Ӻ䡣
޼ü̵ꡣ
ݵú˵̵궢죬һı飺ҾѪսòɱһѪ·ҪȡУϧͬȴ͵͵ľ餣ȡҾ˵սҾ˲ϣǽԭǵսԷһǣȴͲ㶾֣㵱ĺ
ԣʱЦ
ƾǾŸƵĴiУҲ˼˵ǺɱһѪ·Һͬһ˵޳ϮɱϵľǰȡУȴȡ˵սǾΪ˶ǱɱǣȴС񷴵ĺмĶ̵꣬˵ʣ֪ôд𣡡
Ťʵ죡
̵ȳ⡣
̵ĳϿڣ죬Σɱˣл
ɱ̵̼޼ţкĿģ
ӱ䣬̵ֱĳϡ
Щ£кչ˿ر˽ԾųΨһԽͨ似ǿޱȣգŴ̵ĳһѹΪͽӵʵϣĿıĿر
ò˵ֱĺ׼գ̵ӳȥ󣬱ǽƿд˵еĿر¸ԼŵĳϡرΪǿᣬųǿ似̵ĳһѰ˼Ͱν˴̵ˣı̸ֱȥôһʱ䣬
ʮ̵֦ͬĿһĻĽҾ磬Եǰָ֤
̵ĳ΢
˵
Ц
һϹ̵ĳϿڣ޼Ľ޼ŵǣӲɱҰ˴̽ܳͽǲʵڣǽϽҵȣҵҪϵѪҵͽ֮飡
ȻλѹӺ߱ǣ޼žԲ̻󡣡
Ľ
޼üǻλЩϵ

ʱһͳ
޼һɹ𣬻һӣһϮۣ⽻֯񻷣ٳһ㣬һױȵǿѹ
ˣ˽Ǳɫ

޼Ŀ¶֮ɫ
޼һû뵽޼ŵȻڽƹض
ȴ޼һ⣬̵ĳҲ񣬺棬Ͼ޼ŵͨɾǿڡ
Ϲ̣̣š޼գɨϹ̵ˣǾŴ̵һ۵޼ţν£޼ƽȴһϢϹ̵˲ɵ΢
޼ǰ
Ϲ̵ĳϿڣ˵ʼĩ
޼ɨӣϣ޼ˡ
ȷʵ£ĺΪᱦɱϹ̵Ȱ˴ŵĽܳͽ򲻿£ˣ޼ŵɷ硣
Ľ
Ϲ̳Ͽڣ޼ǰɱֽҵȡ
޼˫֣ƽ
޼д׼ҵĵϵ޼ţ޼壬ϵܺãǽ콻ȥܻŮ޲̫ˡ
޼΢죬Ͱ׼ҵϵйϵ
죬޼Ĭ
ӭ޼Ŀ⣬첻ɵü΢оԼ·Ǹ͸һòпͨɾǿ߹Ȼ¡ֻǰζѣָܹ澳ڵѹ澳ڣͨǿߵ̫̫ࡣ
ƺо̬仯޼һлһĨ֮ɫ
޼ǰ뽫ɱֽҵȣҵȵĵӱɱǲѪ죬鰲Ϣ
޼ǰʥ
޼ǰΪҵȥĵ
˴̵ĳȺ󿪿ڡ
̵õԼųϵʾ⣬ǰ˫ϥд񣺡޼ǰǧȷܣǰ˴̵ʦֹϵãλʦֺԩ޼ǰϳɱ֣


328 ǿƵİ
ɨ̵ӣɨ̺ϹһˣƶĿ⣬޼
޼Ĭɨ졣
޼ǰ㿪Ϊҵȵ
Ϲ̵ĳϵ
ǰ
˽Գ
޼·κ΢΢˵ͷ
һ̣޼뵽˺ܶ࣬Ϊ޼ŵˣ飬÷ֵףΪͨɾڣһ۾ܿµĴ죬ȴȥ죬ΪһŴ̽ԹΪһͨӶŴ̽ԹȻֵáһ㣬Ͱ׼ҵϵЩϵ޼õϵ̫ãھƬϹŰ׼ҶԣվֻǸˣ׼ҾûпΪһ˶ʲôӦ
ο׼ҵϵ˿̲һ޼Ȼ֪ξ
޼ͷ޼΢΢üĽЦ
л޼ǰʥ
̵ߵл
Ľ̵һЦ漴죬Ըһִµ£
ǣ
һִµͷһ̣ʮ˽Χ
ɫ΢ƫͷ޼޼ŵˣ޼ŵĵӣ֮ˣﵽͨ㣬µĴԣӦܹ˲Ϣ壬ʱѵ㲻ӦñӻԼµĵ𣿡
ʲôҲ˵
Ľȵ
ȴǸĽֻȴƽ޼
޼΢жݣӡ
ܲʵ޹ء죬Ĭε޼пϵۣȻ۲ûı⣺ֻվɱ˰˴̵ˡ
޼Ļ첻ɵһЦ
ˡ
וּһƷУ˸ɭɭ⡣
վֻһͨӣ޷ȣԣֻ
֣
Ľȵ
̼䣬һִ¶֣⽣Ӱ֣ǿԪ
Ϲ̵ȳ΢΢һЦ£վõĽ֡һߣ̵΢ק˫ȭ֮õޱȷĽ͡
䣡
Ԫ𶯵ĸ޼ŵһִѹ졣
䣬һ𣬷ʽֱӴޡ
޼죬˿ɢνƣɵһ̾ȷʵǸţǷǷֻǿϧûгɳʱվûʲôļֵ
΢΢ҡҡͷ޼޼£ˡ
˭Ҷ
ʱһȴɷ´תۼ䣬ǰ
ŰĽʱüͷ
ͬһʱ䣬޼޼ݡ
޼˸·
ۼҪ˿ͻȻŵȳϽǳ
Ǻˣ
Ϲ̵ĳ
̵ָŰǰɱͬ飬ղɱλʦ֣ҲзݣһѹˣΪλʦֱѩޣ
ĻĽɫʱˡ
޼΢㶣죬ͻȻ֪˵ʲô
޼̵꣬ɫԵЩ졣
춢ˣǱͷ̡
Ҳж֣Ϲ̵ĳ϶Űɫ漴޼һ޼ǰҵȽҲһߣ
޼ǰӦʡ
̵ĳҲڡ
޼ûֻǿ·
ˣ
ɷϣһͻȻ԰ϸ֣֣һӡԻ
ӡ·һԲ£Ը߽࣬ʥϡ
ʱ䣬̺Ϲ̵ˣɫ
ǣ

׼ҳ㣬ôᡭ
ⷽӡϹһ˵ɫˡ
Իâ貣ʮ
ʱһ˲޼ҲӸ߿ս䣬վ˵ϡ԰׼ҳȻΪһ̵ˣҲ𾴣Ͼ׼ҿȻһĳ൱ǵڶ顣
ƽʱܻúܵƤʱԻ˵ƶˣɫ΢䣬ɨϹһˣǰҩʦ꣬ǾŴ̵ͽΧɱңңǾŸͽĹڣǾŴ̾Ȼ£Ѱ鷳뱻𣡡
Ϲһڳһֻоͻأһɺ⡣
㡭㡭
̵˶ˣ촽£ɪɪǾ˵вˣȻϹŰ׼ҵĵϵڸղţȻҪһѹһɱȥȥİ˸ͽ
̫ˣ
ȵ
Ϲ̵ȳ˲Ͳֱӹ
׹ˡҵȲ֪һҪ֪Ҫ֪
⡭ҵҪ֪ǣȻҲ˰
Ϣŭ
ŨŨĻ֣̿ǾǶҪѹߣȴû뵽ڹһľǰ׼һĳڸղţǱ˻޼Ǵ߰һŵðǿǾڵڶ޵даǾȻð˰׼һĵϵǰ׼һŭָѪϴǾŴ̡
׹ˡˡﰡ
˾ʧ롣
ɨˣ̵꣬ǾΪ˶ᱦΧɱҺаףѶȥȴǲ֪ڸģȻҾ޼鷳Ϊڶ̵ĺԺ𣡡
̵£ֱ֫ڵأǿ־壬һҲ˵һȳζ䵱ʪˡ
ӣģ

̵ĳϼһֱӻ֣һƽԼĵĵķѣŰͽ죬ŭ˰׹׹ǧҪϢŭ
ѪˮɷϣĿġ
ܣ޼ŵִ£Ϲ̵ˣļ£
Ǹ
̵ȳϵ
̾᲻֪νġǺˣʱһҲҳɣȫ죬վд񣬷·ǾԼһڰ㡣
СˡԭҵȣҲǱԻ󣡡
СѺ
ҵȵĴ
ҵԸ⸶һۣСѲҪҵһʶ
ˡﰡСѣ
Ⱥ󿪿ڣһϻ̳Ͽֵı顣
ɫĮˡ
ƫͷĿɨĽϣһҲ죬ѹµӣҲǸ
ʲôܣ
Ľɫһ䣬Ҫ÷һͨӵǸ裡
Ǹ

ŰЩ죬ҲЩжѾͷƽʱﲢûʲôӣܻúܵƤǴʱΪȴǵչԼݣǿơ
Ľɫܳȭͷ
ͬһʱ䣬һ޼ĽǸ


329 
Ľɫ࣬ȴ޿κΣа׼ҹȣ޼ڣﻹѡأֻǰһͷ
ߴ𣿡
ǰֻһ˸֣̿ڵأ
ߣЩֻηЩ£ǵÿԼ
ڣȥƽʲô
ˡ
˵
ԣŴ̵ĳ϶ʱɴ⡣
лСѣ
СѴ˴
м
æ
޼ɨˣɢȥɡ
ͷͰ񣬳ɷȥ
ϵĲʬһɣԼŪɾ

̵ĳæ˻ɷǰѪɾߡ
תۼ䣬ɷֻʣ޼ŵˡ
޼쿴˰ΣЦͷŲ뿪嶥
Ľɫܺڣһ䣬ֱȥһִľվԭء
ɢȥ
޼
һִæ뿪ɷ塣
޼Ҳգ޼ȥ
תۼ䣬ɷֻʣ˰졣
ŰЦллˡʵϣûа֣ʵҲ԰Ȼ磬Խӡر޼Ǹʱ޼ԻỤȫֻǣԸô
գգۣʲôлر𣿡
ΣʱҵĶġ
Ц
Ҫ

ߵһߣӣ˫ֳЩü
ôˣ
ʵ
ǴӼ͵ܳģԻЩϹŶǱضܸоҵλãһץȥίһûҵأ
캹գؼʲôã
̫ƣϲһ㡣

ԣˣԣ֪Ľء
ĥݺݵĶ죬һҪҧ˵ģ
죺
ɷ϶ãֱɫװʱ»ص޼塣
ɷ壬ֻʣһˡ
еǰ޼ڣǹ⽻֯£һɵϢֱߵľ£һֻСèԾϣȥ
ݸСһ˳ë
һлǵÿԼǿǸ
񷡣
޼ʼľ˵ȴЩĺ޼ŶԣڵǸп޵ˣû˿ֵվһ壬ţ᳤ҪԱֶΡ
ò¿ˣﵽײΡ

ʦһ;һˮ룬ֻдﵽײβĿʦǸʱҪī;ᣬֱӱпӡڴϿӡɱԻһϵ󷨣˺ڣɿӡռ䴫
еϥ£תһ
ˣ
âƣϣɫǹʱ¡
һ澰Ϊﵽʶ죬һתĸ˳ƬǹСŨâ͸ЩɷһСһȫе֮⡣
ǸоСһǵĴڣȴ⣬һһһһתʼǿʹ⣬Ũǹ⡣ļҲһתǹǺ;ǡ
һۣһҹȥ
峿ʱ֣վӭųɣʶдʶ
գᵽʵҪԣȭͷӲ
գп̻֮һһƣ֮һ㾫Ѿޱƽ׿ʦΡͬһʱ䣬ʱʶѪ⣬ΪҲ˲٣Ǳøӵǿ
һ쳿ʱ

һ򵥵ɺʶ
Щӣδ¹ɷ壬һֱææűǿ
ˣ
ļתâԻٴͶʶС
ƣʶ߹˴Լ֮һҪʶ컹øŬȻǰҪĿĻǴﵽʶأֻҪﵽʶأҩʦȡյֱӴﵽղΡ

³һһŬԪӾҡ
һתۣʱȥ
ˣ
ʱͻȻһһɰɢ
ʶУ˫ۣƫͷ޼ķ򣺡
޼壬ֻԭǹ⻷Ƶ屻ɵǣǵǿľˣľˣȻԶԶ޷뱻ӡȵȣȴɱֻŮǿͬն
޼ôô˵
ɻ֮ǿ󣬾Ȼһ޷ĸо
ι
ɷ£˹
޼巢ʲô
ʰ
ϴ޼壬ðӦû֪޼¡
ܴ£ɽһʥǰȺսŴ̵ǿߣɱ޼ţͨɾ£κ˶һսǸһں޼ǸϺԾ޼˲١
޼Ծô
졣
Ӧ޼ֲܿȴû뵽ԷȻܹ޼һսҪ֪޼޼ͨɾ֮ǿˣɲ⣬Ѿһֻſͨɾ磬ɽʥӾܶս޼
ȻǼһǻ壡

壿
һԷȻʮ֮һ
ͷѵõĺ棬רŹҩʦﵽļ޲ξܻΣɾ˵Ǹȴǲֻεıһֱ֮޵վ磬ȻԼΡǼһﴦأɣƿνǿͨɾ֮£ûмѹƵˣ
˫һлεıļ޲αûΣɸɵУɶԷȴǿһֱ֮վȣֻһ˵Ǹ嶨Ȼͬ졣
ǻΣ
ʵ
ҡͷ˵ǼһﲢҸ˶٣ֵҪʤҸ磬Ҳ̫ܣҸҲѾɡ
һ㶣һΣȻû˵ôô
ôǸ嵱ǿ󡣡
е
ﲻɷ˵죬ȥ޼սȻ壬Ҳͬȴսѵãٳ֣ۿӦûдô
Ƿˣʱ򻹲ҡ
Ц
֪ͺá
ߵ
Űһɷ壬޼ȥ
ˣ
а׼ҵġ
죡
Ͱһ֣޼еӽԴʧɫ
ǰЩӣ﹫Ȼչְ׼Ѿǳ׹޼ţͰһ֣Щͨ޼ŵܹη塣
ͰҲ⣬ܿǵ޼塣
䣡
޼ϣ궼ˡ
̧ͷϣ޼ɫأ˫ӶһӰײǿӰϬ磬һһźֻ֮һԼ򵥵ȭѣҵŤƵ޼ˡ


330 ׼
Щȣͷʥӵܿ£Ȼѹ޼
ؾսʮ֮һ
а
ĥʥӣ壬ǼһΪԼȡƲԣԳһҪãã죬ʮʮأ֤ٲãأĺܣ
֮ǰ˵Ҫʱ䳤Ӳڽ£ҪץֻԻֲݣˮôǻ񡣡

᲻죡
죺
䣡
ϣԪ񱩣ˣӰսһȭӰӡ˸ֹâ֯˷Ŀռ죬ʱʱŤΣƺһ̾ͻ顣
Ի壬ǿ޼ҲǲϺˡ
̫ˣ
ƲԺȵ
ɫȭգž˵һС
ţ
ôǿҪͨɾ޼Կ⣡
壬ǿԳʣܲǿ
ɱϾֻѰս⡭
ԿԶʱˣ
ק˫ȭ
ͬʱҲмɫ־־塣
ȥ⼸Ժܲͷɣɴ˿⼸ȴǻˣ鲼Ѫ
޼ǿļӣվ磬Ʋ޼ʱ⼸ǰӭսһķɣ޼֣˵ͻ
һƣվͬʱӭսԷһƶܲˣ
һ
Ϊأôõ𣡡
﷭ۡ
񷣬ֻϻվ⼸ʵǿᣬһȻʥӺգսʮǿߣɽиָҡ
޼ŵķкʽȫչ
ƲԺȵ
ɫȭ𶯣һȭѹ£һŤ
޼ɫ΢˺󣬽ӡǰ
䣡
̼䣬һɾ޼ڳȻ޼ǿ޼ͨ
ͨһ񷶼Ųʮâա
޼
޼ǿĴͨ޼ʩչһӮ
Ȼ£ɱϾֻʶѣ޼С磬ȴ̫ϳϣ޼ǿˣصʤ
޼ŵӵ
ѤâʮӸ䳯ŻƲѹȥЩֲ
˼
ƲϬͷ裬Եޱȿ񱩡
һһ磬һƬԻĴɽľ֣о˵
򣡡
𾪡
΢㶣ʲô򣿡
еѪֻͨн޵ʱԻǰĿ˸ǻе򣬻磬ܿ£
䣡
һ⽻֯ʱ޼Ĵͨ棬Կ



һվֽͬŰ壬ŤĲӣѺۡ
Զһʯѣһը
ˣ
޼ȵ
ʱ޼˸ɫٺˣܻµ⡣
ҲǱɫо˾޴ѹֱܣ뿪ҪĹϣһ˸סմһͻ
ǵص£֮ûʲôܵסնѺۣȻһ̣ﶯݣ⾲ֹ׹䡣
ô£
һɵֹסŲ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ϣƲԻȻת˹
ĿɨʥӵĿϣ絶һ
Ǻˣ
죬ƲԵ⼫产ˡ
üҲû뵽ʥӾȻͻȻìͷ׼ӭŶԷĿ⣬о˾޴ѹڵԷΪʵ̫ˡ
ƲԣʲôҪ޼ȥ

ƲߣޱȰԵĶ죬һʣ˵ʲôˣ
ͨˣУθɣ
ü
ͨˣ죬Ʋͷ趯ĿñȵӻҪܹͨסҵĻ磿
ʲô
ܵס磿
ôܣǿѪͨ
˽Աɫ
һ̣֮ϣ弸ݣ޼ҲǾȵ졣
Բ˫۶죺ղŻû㵲סģ
üʲôû
ô˵޵ǻ򣬼Ȼ㵲סĻ磬Ǿ;Բдﶢ죬üͷһﵽô£ܿҵ̫Դ֮ⶼܵסѵֻ壿
켹һô˵ҪЩˣһᱻ˺ģ
ǡ
䣡
Ī𣬺죬Ŀռζ
ƲԳ磬ӿ£Ȼֱӳ֣һƳѹ
ɫһ䣬ȭһȭǰ
飡
ȭײһ𣬷һߵĿռʱѿ
Ʋڰգ޵һȭֱӵɡͬһʱ䣬оȭͷ飬µĵֱ鿪ˣһѺۣ֩ܡ
⡭
վĻȻҷˣôܣ
ѡѵۻˣ
˽ԱɫĽ֮ǰɷļӣһĻ󣬴˿̸̲סҺȻ֮ɫ⼸֮ǰ֪Ƿǳǿᣬȴû뵽ǿ˵زȻһȭҷصĻ壡
ʥӣ
ϣɫٳ򵹷ɵĻ塣

һ𶯣ֱӱƷɳȥ
ƲסΣĿңøӵĿ񱩣ϯʮƵ޼ŵźˣܺãҿͨ˵ʲôͷһƲ貣ٴγѹȥٶȿ쵽㡣
ˣ
Ʋ̧֣ɫ⸲ʮ
Ʋԣʲôס֣
ȵ
ʶѣԲܵסصĻ塣

Ʋ絶ɫһˣѹ
ã
޼ɫ
׼ҳ޼Уǳ⣬޼žԻ֣֮

һһͼ۶ѹǰ
ͦãƲ԰ﶯ֣Ȼŭ
ͬʱһ׺Ȼը쿪һ
ɲǼѣһƬ罻֯һִ׹
Ʋɫ΢䣬ջش֣ٺˡ
һ׹޼ϣըһ޴ӣе绡ž졣
΢ͼ鿪̧ͷա
ʱ϶һȺǿߣΪ׵һ꣬ɫȴǺĮĶʥӡ
˭
â壬ǿ
ܿ£
ľ
磡
ﻶϲ
쿿ŰܽȻһʱ˰ʱЩ
磿
Ҹ磬ͷ漴Сôץˣ
ϣһͰ֮䡣
֣
죬ɫ


331 Ծ
ɫĮһڰ׼ǿҲǳʱоԼĲϷ·һ
ᣬӲҵ֡

һ˵ʲôأ
ſ
ɫ
󣬰׼һ˸Ҫ춴ǰ׼ҵĳǧ壬Ȼһ޼ŵ֣ͨ⴫ȥʲô
ûɿҪ˺ҡ
԰
㡭
ĥһ˦졣
ʱ˶סˣеĿⶼ˰ϡ
׼ҵ壡
ɽдڣɫ΢
СԭҲµ˰ݣʱԱɫ
⡭
壿
ƺ˵ˣǰ׼һˣ
Ű˶Ĳ
գһϣ֯˿˿Ƶ磬㡣
ʱ򣬿񱩵ϢʥӶˣһѹȥ
ˣ
𶯣һһƬƬŤΣһѷ졣
ͬһʱ䣬޼ĵҡΣʯϢ·鿪
ƲԣҪ޼ȥ
ǰ
Ʋ裬ޱȣ˿飺Ůˣӱǰ
쵰
ŭ
ʱ˶ƶĿ⣬סߡ
ƲпᣬȻ֪ϹŰ׼ҵĳҲ˿˼ɣֱԻѹ£ɱͬʱӶ֣졣
һ䣬ͼ˲Ϣ֡
䣡
𶯣һ£ڰǰ
ƲԣֱһƳ
һһƻӳȴǴޱʮ
Ƥһ壿˵һȭӳһƬ׺治ǿˣ
磬
ﺰ
ûʲôĶʥӣһĳ
䣡
øڣ𶯣һƬ纣ѹ£޼嶼ˡ
˿ֲĳʱһɫ
𣿣
ֱԶ鰡
ˣ
޼ϣһľȫϢסˡ
ϣ弸üͷǱĿ⼸ͷ۷Ĵڣʱ֮ܿУɴ˿ȴһɺ⡣
Ʋ磬׼壬һˣãһƲ趯ĸ̣һͷް㣺ǧҪñʧоͱˣ
䣡
һƬͬһâԶ

޼һ˺ˣȴ˵ˣУ
һ嵱׿κ˶˼ɣ
޼ŵӣȫ壡
޼
һͽ޼ɫÿȴҲ˵ʲôΪԷǻ壬ɽʥӣ׼һǸƬĶ
âʢƵɣһ
һһһƬ׺һƬƬʡ
ǣ
΢
Ƭе׺ȥĺֲܿ
Ҹ
һϵøӾˣһһ£Ҫ
Ҳʱɫ΢䣬ƫͷȥ
磬ôˣ
ʵ
죬Ҫ쿴͸κȴֻü
䣡
â𶯣Ʋɱ羶ֱѹ¡
عͷȥٸ߿գӭȥ
նʱ󶯵̵Ŀռ両ֳһܼĺɫѷ졣
⡭
ռ䱻ˣ
ˡֱǡ
޼£˽Ĳ
ܺã
Ʋ񶯣ӲпϴɭȻ׿Ц
ɫĮһС
ڣһƣɵ𣬷ԸʴһУ𶯲񷡣Ұ޵ǧӰԻбѹ
趯ͷУһȴһ޴ӰվӰȫâ֯ɣʮɶߣһƳǧӰŭĶ¡
䣡
˵Ĵ˳֯һС
ĶԾ
ֲĶԾ
Ʋ׿һ𶯣һͷ޴ӻг𡣾޻⣬֮УſѪڣŰ˺ҧȥ;ҧա
̧֣Ӱжһ׽ն¡

˵һ鿪һ޴Ѻۣʱ
һ̣޼嶼ڲǷƣѿˡˣȲȴҲǾһˣ޼Դ˳
޼޼֪˵ݡ
䣡
˵ĶԾΪֲͬ嫺һ
޼£սһˣʵƽ磬ֲ˸ļ£սƾ
ôҸǲǺѹڵ㣬ǲǺܼ򵥣

첻òϰĻȷʵţҪѹڵĺס
Ҳ˵ˣҺȣʱ䣬һһ١

Ʋ죺ƾ㣬Ρ
ϣƲԴս֮ɽ֮ţҲ֪˶գ޼˽Ǵʧɫ˲סĲŶ亹
ֱȥһʱսĻͣ
Ʋң˲٣ǹдĿѪҼиѪ
һߣҲûкõȥɫв԰ףؿڴһƬѪ졣
Ծƽɫ
壬ܺã˼ļֵƲգѪȴ׿ޱȡƲĿĿϣͬĿ⣺ֻŹֵСϣͷ­Ҳˣ
һ䣬˿˿⽻֯
ȥͨʥأ
ƲϿ粽ܿ뿪޼š
һڴæȥ
ιι㱻Ƿӵѽ
ø첲ͱͱ졣
һˡ

ʱ򣬰ϣĶ
׼壬ʧԶӭ
޼Զǰ޼͡
ɨһۣ㰲ֵ㡣
䣬һˣ޼ȥ
⡭ǰ׼ҵ壬ͨɾӭ

ǿǰ׼δļ
ֹ
쿴˰һۣҡҡͷɷȥ
ȵң
æ׷ϡ
صɷ壬ΪţҲ޷£ֱֻ
ˣ㲻ȥ
ʵ
֮ǰԳϹŶλãץһȥġ

ɻ󣺡ؼҶѣôоܲģ
Ĵ˱ϲԸ£ΪãῪ𣿡



332 ׼ҷӦ
һ£ЦҲҲԸ£絤Ծ
û⣬вҲֻ˵˵ѣ˵ˣǸͺᣡ
С
Ȼ֪ûж⣬Ҳ֪˵Ҫֻֻ˵˵ѣԻһǶ˵ļ㲻Ը£Ӳܻж⣬ΪãϾǿǴѪԵϵס
Ц
ﶢ죬˳ӣ㲻£ϲһ
Щ棺ܾܲ˵˵ô£
죬ʱӰɷ壬Ϊ׵Ȼǰ
硣

ɨһ۰Ŀϡ
ˣ
֯ɷĲ󸡳һƬ׺
ɫ磬ʲô
֣£͵Ĺء
𶯣ѹ¡
ɫһ䣬֪Ŀֲͨɾ֮ûмܵס
磡ΨһѣҪʲôѲˣ־ҳɳһѹ
ɫ䣬𶯣츲С
䣡
񱩵ʮһƬ֮ٽҪ¡
ֲޱȣѹһУȻһ̣鷢ˣͷֹס£·Ǳһס˰㣬޷
ǣ
ɫ΢䣬뿿Ű֪Լĸ粢û飬ڣչȴѹ£ȻͷͣЩ˼飡
̧ͷüͷ΢壺ʲô˼
оâ˸וּһһӰս۳貵ʥ
ն
Į
Ż£еӰ̧֣ʥ쵱ջ¡
ʥգȻڿʱȴĪıವһԶ
䣡
һ˵ıը޼⴫񱩵쫷һƬɫɳ
ԶԶȥ޼֮⣬һƬһֱжʮɵӡ
üŰ
ʲôˡ
ü쿪ڵ
ͨˡ

ߣһʧڿС
ͬһʱ䣬ڰϵ飬һǹʧ
ռң̫ˣɣһѹһ꣡
ߡ
ͷϸֳߣԼҪѹһ꣬ʵЩܡ
û°ɣ
Сܵߡ
ҡͷû¡
ղʲô֪ʩչ󣬲û飬ôܹסҸеͨɾǿҪһ÷Щ
ﴫ
üŰҡҡͷܿ£ȷʵ޴ѹǣҲȷûκ£ûȥֵ
ˡ
һ
վһߣĿڰϡ
มЩĲ鲻ԸĻصߣ֪Լĸˣ϶ӵˡ촫ĺܹŹ֣ԺһҪСģǧҪñ˷һ㣬ûʲôô
á
ص
Цֶ̧£ʱ䣬Һܿģлл㣡
˵꣬ﳯɷȥ
죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴǲ֪˵ʲôֻǻؼҶѡ
죬תڰ뿪
Űһڰ׼ǿ߸ȥǰǱɨһۣ񣬷·һУŸ߰͸ӣܲ
תۼ䣬ɷֻʣһˡ
һֹۣȥ
޼ķǹ貣壬ȴܾЩʲô
֮ɾһˡ

ʱ޼Уչ黹аţֻʣһˡ
ҡҡͷеһߣʶϥ£תļ
գ޼ϼƲ޼ĶԾԷĶԾĴĺܴǻƲԺͰһս˶̫ǿˣǶԸͨǵľ޵С
ҵþǿ
ڵľâ
ˣ˾޴ѹ
ˣ
ɫâƶ֯⣬ȡһƣŬʶ
ǳ֣ҹܿ콵١
һۣչȥ

ڶ򣬶֮ͷ޾ɽƣڸ߿գ߲ܿɫʺš޾ɽͷһƬ嫵Ĺʣյĵ죬ڰʵɺӣܼĵƣ硣
һˡ
Űص壬һԵ
Сڻˣûзʲô°ɣûί
һӭ
ػؼ壬϶ЦǶʧѾõıѰ˰㡣Ա߻ߣ壬ϵϢȴǳĿ£ֲˡ
ҡ
ָ˰£Ц񻰣ô۸Լá
һߣ˵ʲôֻбһ۰
֮ͺá
ȥһ£汼ôãӦҲˡ
ЦǴ顣
ͷɨ˰һۣȥ
Ŷߣȥ
תۼ䣬ԵֻʣߣһŰһһڰ׼ǿߡ
ʵ
һ߿ڡ
뿪ߺϵЦǶʧˡ
Űһڰ׼ǿУһ꿪ڣСȷʵ޼Уһжãûܵκεί޼ŶС񾴣ֻиͨӺСߵúܽ
ܽж
ܡ
꽫ž֮
ߺɫǳâ˸
Ұ׼ҵ飬ǰèܽס
λκβм䲻аµӴڡ
ӣɶ
ɫ
ΪӣһĨɱ⣬ͷ˽⡣
ȥɣ£򲻿Ѿͷ֪ף
һߵ
ף
ӵͷȥ

ɷϣ䣬徲
˵塣
⼸һֱʶУʶԽԽ⣬ԽԽ
̶գʶΣ֮߳һ
ռ佫ʶ֮߳һٶķǳˡԴˣҲ޼ϵĹս˷ǳؼԵá
Ѿͷ˵Ĳۿǵȴսȷʵкܴĺô

뵽뵽ѾͷѾȥˡ
޼УΨһһѣô뿪ˡ
ˣзֱʱ

ҡҡͷʶ߳嶥ֱߣ˶٣˽ȥ
գɵߣҲһ¡

紵ּƬƬҶ
ɷϵֲ⣬Ǳȷ׽ɽЩУͣԶֻС꣬СϴһЩѪƺˣë׵ԴСԵЩ


333 
£ǰȥСԱ߶
࿿Сȴǲ£۾죬ԵЩ
ļһ
һЦ
Сϵ˳ëһѪۣƺʲôϻһ¡
ʯȡһЩֹѪɢѪϣ֣Ԫա
С궢죬۾գ£ƺ˲١
ذ
Сһ
ЦЦһֻ֣Сһë׵Դ
ɷϣСһ뿪޼ǰΨЩСһܹԼˡ
Ԫǵ£СϵѪһϡ
ܴOO@@һֻֻСһﳯ￿
ܿ죬ܣΧܼСһǡ
ãèܣ󣬲ȵ󡭡СһǵͶһ㶼죬вȵͷèаűߡ
΢Цⳡĺܰ
ذ
˵С궢죬ƯĴ۾գ
СһԴ䣬ʶһײȻ
ɫݣܡ
ɷ壬񽣵ڶ𶯡
ذ
Сỽ۾λεĶ졣
һŹС·ǹɵһ㣬ޱȵʥ
ǣ
ɫһ䡣
֮£С˵СȬһ˺ۣëҲ˹⡣
ˣ
պܣãèܣ󣬲ȵо£С㣬˿ɢڹԣÿСһ嶼
֮ʶڣ𶯵ĸ
Сỽذűߣ˲Сȣ󣬸貵ĹâɢСһ峹׹⻯һöصķģ³
Ƥһöطģо嫺ĺص̡
ˣ
ܣâøҫۡ
ûζ䣬èҡβͣļͷȵСһǵԱ͸һͬСǰ㻯ɢ۳һööطġ
תۼ䣬ķ˸С
ͬʱһӴ쳹ļ䡣
߾֮
ʥ£ͬϪͷƴԶʱʱն
һɫٱ䡣
ˣ
СһǻطԾͬһ飬ûʶ
תۼ䣬ʶڣҡΣеķĿʼнԾ
һͼһӡԻٿӡڡ
˶סˡ
ЩСһԻǡǴ˵еĵۣ
ͫԾ
վԭزͬһ̣ɢ˿˿ƵĹâ˷·һ̫ɷ֡
ԭˣԭ
૵
һ̣һлɷĹȥ·١
һ꣬ϡϾԭ޼ʮ֮һɷһλз壬ȥ¥գûһ꣬һֻֻСһɽԾȴ˷ۣϷĵӣСһһһСһ뿪֣ɷ壬ȴ޼ŵĵɱ⡣Щ߶ԣЩͨĶʲô䣬ֻԪ
Щˣ򲻶ȴ಻ʡ
һǰ壬ЩߵʿһһƬЩССһ׽ϲιǱΪ֣ɱһȺСһŭЩȫӡƬɷϣӡСһϡЩСһǸյĵۣѰߣѰ졣
ϥ£˳ʶзӡ˫нĻ
֮ʮʮоţһȥΪȥһ

һģͣĻ
ͬһʱ䣬˫ֻ׳ʣвƵĴɽбѵĲ񷣬ѵǺӣһڴ̣һɻԵĲںƵ
ˣ
˫ֵĻʶڣеķĽһ𣬹âơ
۶Ĺâٴɢÿһ䡣
һɷϣŨԴӿ֣̼佫У˳üӿʶʶ˵һ̣ÿһʶ˳ҵĹâͬΪʥԴһıô⣬ǿ
˫΢գȴУ˫ֵĻٶԽԽ죬һӡ
ˣ
֮ø࣬ޱȵá
ܼĹ⽫ƣһͬһʱ䣬صײӿֳһûڣûʶʶһǿ
ʱţҴҶ
ʱ
һʱ
ʱ
һۣڴˣʱȥ
䣡
ʱһǿᲨɢÿһѪ⣬ļôһ˲͸ڲ澭ԿԴ翴
ʶ죡
ʶأǱøǿԪսǿֻǣûоʹۣڽ֯ӡֱֹȥһʱ۾վ
ȭоޱǿ
߾֮

룬ЦЦԼȻҲߡ
ԭأɨܣɷϵڣǿʢȴޱȰҲκһֻСǰϤСһǶˡ
ˣ
ԻһֻС꣬ڵϡ
Сʵذ֮
һСһԻ
ذ
СĴ۾죬ҡζڵһߡ
£ȥ
úСͣǰһ۵ԲʯϲɳСԱߣ۾գ졣õ֪С겢ͨ˹ȥС֣Բʯۻɳ
ɳ£һԻ˿˿ܵ
ռ䴫󣿣
춯ݡ
п֮ȻϵƣҲǰ˽׿ʦ̳ܿȻһЩΪͨǿҲܿӡƣΪΪﵽһĳЩܻͨȻҲֻĳЩѣжܻͨ
ﾹȻпռ䴫ͨ
ľ
תʯϵ硣
˵һ˸ɫһ䣬ջ֡
ƵĺֻʹһΡ

ԱߴһذС궢죬գգ۾ǹɢ
죬ֻ΢̾
Сǵʲô𡣡

Բʯԣȥ˰ΣŻع
ˣˡ
ҡҡͷԲʯϵɳڸǣ߳֡
ղ֪ʲôеǳԻԡ
ʶ֮УĬĬǳ֮ʶΪ
ˣ
â˸֯⡣
һҹֱڶ峿ʱֲվӭų
ɷֻһˣҲûСһǿ޼ŵĵӵ塣ĬĬоǿͿ£ݻܣǶսʥ
ͬӡӡй̶ӡ͹̶ʽҪԡÿʶвһϤֱȥպǿǽɣż֮ս
ʱż֪Ǹ߻ǵ͡



334 ׼ɱ
Զ˶٣ҡҡͷöˣΣվˡ


ʼնǿģǣѾһ޼ڡ
ʱＸʶڲǳ֮ͿеϴԼʶԼǡ
һۣչȥ
Щڣɷϵ˺תñ֮ǰŨ˲١
Դˣ֪ôһ£ȡйء
գȡɷܣʹĵۻһֻֻСһǣĵ۱ʧȻٺķɷ
ʱ֣չһº͵̫
УǿȻ󣬻صһ졣

һҪˣǿ󣬳ߵ򣬲֮ǰȻصһȥƬ磬һЩԹҪȥ˽ᣬ飡
ʶУļתʼʶ
ˣ
â֯
һۣʱȥ
ʱվ߳ʶ
еǰϰԵǰһ۱ǿ޼塣޼ϣâƣΪһսʯȶѾؽú֮ǰһֻǣЩ춼û⣬ֻţ˸ѡ
ҡҡͷתŲеȥ
ʱʶ׼¿͵֮
߳üͷһ壬ͣ
תֻɷϣʮӰ粽תۼ䵽嶥ϡ
üϳΪ׵һ꣬ǲǰڰߵһˡ
£
ʵ
ޱ飬һ
ʲô

粽ӺƽƺѾֻһʬ塣
ʲô˼
׼飬һֻèܿ幫㡣

ʮ׼ǿߣϢǿ󣬸ڶصΪ
ҿ춢꣬׼ƺѻ˵ˡ
˵С㣿ЦΣգͷ­һã
ĮȻ
һƴ˳ȥ
ɫ䵭ǰڰһ˶Ŀͺܱû뵽׼ҾȻɱɣȻ˰꣬â˸ڶԷϿ˿
£⣿
Į
Сףӵ֪նЩӬ뿿ҵ

ʱ˿˽ˡ
аĲ룬ʱദоĺͬʱҲЩȷʵͦãȻɶԷ
ƫͷϣֻԶվż꣬޼ĽˣΪ׵һˣȻ޼ŵˣ޼
һЦ⡣
׼˼ȻȻ֧޼ԷȻ֪£Ҳչۿ޼ûлһҲûгԤϡ
ԾŴɣ޼ӻοǸƬϹŰ׼ң
ˣﱾûµıҪʱ뿪ˡ

Ѿõɷ壬òɵκԴ޼̬޼ŵĹؼẈ̂ûļֵ
뿪ߵ𣡡

׼һǿ߳嵽ǰֱ̧ץ졣

׼ǿߵ
Ӿֱ䣬ȭֱӻӳȻǺһˣǣһһ룬Ҳ顣һΪȭͷռֱŤˣ΢СѺֲ֮š
۵һ׼ǿߵĴֱӱ顣

׼ǿ߲ҽУȻȭͷȴƲؿڡ
۵һ׼˵ؿڱᴩѪˮɷĵ棬
̧ͷǰ
ΪʶʱǾܿǿߣﵽʶ죬ȡĵۣǱøǿɿǿߡ׼˽뿿ץΪ
һĻ׼ɫԱ䡣
һȭһնǿߣǣһ˸оľ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬԶϵ޼޼Ҳɫ
ǵǾˣ
Ľ
תۼ䱻ɱһˣ׼ɫ
ΪӣĶ죬ٶȽ
ǣ
׼˵ͷʱа˳˳ȥ
ˣǿߣֻǴյڶأҲǺܿ¡
˳죬飬չͨ似
һʱ䣬ǿԪ죬ѹ졣
ˣһͼǰȥ
ͼ𶯣â֯˵似ͨʧӰ١
ǣ
һĻ˵ɫһ
Զ޼üⲻ޼ŵ
СͶʦĻԣ֮ǰչֹǳһ㡣
Ľ
죬ĽɫΪ֣ǵԪ֮ǰǸ˲ٱ
޼Ҫ˵ʲôȴҡҡͷ׼Ҫɱ죬˭ܹ
ϧһš
޼ҡͷ
ţҿаˡ
Ľߡ
޼ɫƽ˫֣·
䣡
ɷϣ׼ҰһΧ죬ǿԪһӿϣΪ¡
üˡ
սǿͬʱ԰˸յڶǿߣȴҲѹ޴Կ⣬ӡǾˣȴƫڷӡʺڵսˡ
ãһ
Į
ٴκһͼ鿪ʧΡ
ˣ
ƾССʶʿҵΡ
նˣ
˵
ʱ䣬Ӿ˵Ԫѹȥ
Į˫ֽӡʱâ˸
һȱĴɽһԻһֺա
ʱ䣬˵ɢ𶯿ռ䡣
ɱ

ȱɽӴѹ޾ľ֦öء
ʲô
˱ɫ
ӵĮһɽӺѹһ׼ˡ
۵һϣ˱޿ɱܣֱӱѪ
˳ɫٱ䡣
ǿ
˸â
ʱʩչȻݻɽӺ֣ˡ
ӵɫ׼ЯڶվڣȴǱȺɱˡ
һϣ
Ӻ
һ󣬰׼ʮѹȥѹ졣
ܹʮˣյڶصΪ
ȥ˫ַɿӡ
ˣ
ɫâ˸һ磬ԻĴɽľ֣о˵
һĻ˵ɫʱȫ䣬޼ڡ
磿ôܣ
޼ʧе


335 ֮
ɫâ˸ĴɽԻ޺Х·һƬ磬һɼֲϢ۵һ׼ҿһǿķ顣
޼𺳣ôܣôʩչ磿ǰƲһսԿԷ磬ͨ˽⣬ǻ츳ͨڣȻչֳ˺ͻһĻ磡
ˣ
â˸Ŀռ䶯产ˡ
ô£
޼ݣ˸âֱֱĶ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ĽҲǾĲС
죬Ȼչֳ˻
ôⲻܣ
Ӻȵ
ʱƲһսӾһߣҲǼʶƲԵĻ磬⣬չðšҪ֪ǻǻ츳Ѫͨ˾ǿҲܻᡣ
ĮԲ
԰׼ʮǿߣûаη壬˫һĺĴɽֱѹ¡
Сҵȣ

򣡡
׼ʮǿ߸ɫ䣬ʩչ޾еͨɱ졣
컮˫֣һɫʩʩȻ¡

а׼ǿ߲ҽУֱ֮ͨںĴɽը˲ڷ
ۣ
һߣһ׼ǿ߱һƻĹâУֱķѡ
΢ʶƲԵĻ磬ʱݻֻͽͶѣʮ֮һıԴȻˣȴȻ׾پ˰׼ǿߣɵͷһ
̫ˣȴ⣬ʲôֶܵ
ļ¡
ֻ˲ѣƽ
̧ͷǰޱĮ
ǰ׼ҸƬΪ޵ˣɱ˭ɱ˭

һݻĻٴ¡
۵һһ׼ǿ߷飬ֱڻը
Ұ׼ʲôʱֵõһ
һ𣬴Ƭ磡
ɱ
׼һʮһˣɫ
ϣ
Ц
ʮһ˵ľо˾޴ѹȴɺ޾⡣
˫֣һƬ׺һԻĽ֯
ǣ
һĻԶ޼ٴαɫ
׼ڶǿ߸˫ۣ·Ǽ˴˵еһ㡣

ʥӵ츳ͨģӣ
ôܻᣡ
׼־ŭ
ȴЦ飬ԵЩп᣺ǰ׼Ҹ߸ϣǰ׼ɱǣ֪ʲôζǲǻúң
һ£ѹʮ
ɷϵĲڣܼ׹䣬ݿ࣬һС

˲ҽУֱӷ顣
粽ͷʮ׼ǿѹȥ䡣
׼ʮչǿͨȴסͷ顣
۵һתۼ䣬һ˷飬֮¡
ģ
ʮ˻ʣˣŭӡ
ɫĮٴλ˫֣ͷĻڣ޾˳
ͬһʱ䣬һȣУһ޴Ӱվһ
ն

еӰһն£ն飬Ѫ
޾̤֮ˣ׼ǿûȳࡣ
ʮ׼ǿߣתۼֻʣˡ
ô£ǻ磬ôһ
޼𺳡
󣬵ʩչʲô϶Ļ
Ľקȭͷ
޼ͨǿߴҲüͷĶ졣
棬ʵ̫ˣ
ɷ嶥Ⱥնʮˣеɱȼյ㡣
ವһӿ粽һ졣
ˣ
һ޴ӡһƬ
޾еƣ
һ𶯣ֱŤ
üٺˡ
Ӵ۷壬Զǿо˾޴в
죬²Ѻۡ
£
ĸ׼ǿУ˿ڡ
Űѹס졣
ɫ䣬˫ٴλ
ˣ
һΣһɵĻýͷ⽣ԵЩŤԳΣʼһ־ɢױȵĿֲơ
ʲô
޼˱ɫ
ŤĹ⽣ǽĲоȻҪֲࡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǶݡ
ˣ
Ӻȵ
ǰ˶ݣҲǸо⽣Ŀֲˡ
ˣ

һͷĻýֱ¡
ǵڵһϾƹľȪ˵һƵʥݻȪΣƿν
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
գۼ䣬׼ҳ嵽ǰѪȾʮ
ӵ۾ŭ𣺡
һΪֲϢʩչƣѹȥ׼һȷӡȻ񣬳ȴ⣬˾ȫˣ
䣡
ããĴƣջζ
Ǹо˰ӵĿ£ٳźȥϾ۷ǿߣԶɱʮ׼ʿǿ󣬸ͬն˵ͬʱ˫֣ͬʱ߶ȪŰѹȥ
໥ײһռ
ȣ
쵹ɣӿѪоอѺۣһɾҵʹС
ɫ䣬һƳȥ
ҧٴδ߶磬;Ȫӭǰ
ٴκˣԶ֡
䣡
ݺᣬ׹䣬оȪѹգš
Ȼڵ죬̫ˣǿȴסԷ
߲ˣ
Ӻ
ϣ޼죬üͷ΢΢
磬ǱõĽüͷ޼˼ֱȥʮ󣬺ɫͱ䣺ѵѰ
ԣ޼Ľ޼ɵøɫ
ǵ޼е
ųݻģһͨ⡭
ȷʵܻѵѰǵ
һڷľ
޼Ѿǧ꣬һֱഫȴûѰһµĵӣȻѰǵ˵еĶսʥ
Ҫڣ
޼ȵ
䣬޼Լˣһζȥ
ͨǿһǵֲܿ켹ʱһ⡣侪ȴ壬ûţϾǿߵѹܹ
𣡡
ҧ
וּһɷ𶯣ܼ׽𣬸ӡͼ֡תۼ䣬׽ͼʮɷ嶼УһƬ
ǰŴѰ鷳޼֪ûдȴɲ֮Ƕ޼û˿⡣ң֮Կɷƺͼƣзͼ
еһԻ
ǣ
ֶΣȻվ۷İӶɫ޼ҲǸݡ
޼⣬һĳֱӷСͬʱͨɾǿڰд죬죬ҪֵҴʱѹ㣬ȴɱ㣬֮󶨻Ụȫʩչ޼ѾȷٷְѰʱ뽫޼С
лˣ
Ӧ
ɫ䵭ƶ޼ˣ˿̳еһԲʯϡ


336 
Բʯǻҳϣʱ䣬ҳɢȥһԻɫâ˻С
ռ䴫̨
ӱɫ
޼ҲǶݣٴͣ£޼ŶȻỤȫ
ʱ޼˼ɷΪΪһռ䴫ֻ̨һý죬ֵν
Įɨӣɨ޼ˡ
ټ
䵭
ͨйʱŻڿռ䴫Ȼİ
˵һâ˸һ̣Ӱʧʯ̨ϣɷʧ
ɳƮڿУ޼৵ĵԲʯߡ
ˡ
޼ɫѿ
Բʯȱϵȴ˴룬Ȼ޷ٽпռתơ
ϣΪλпռ䴫󣡡
ӵͳ
Ϊ׼ǿߣܰΪ޼ȴ޼Сʱɫѿһ죬Ȼȴˣ⣬ʮȫնȴǰȻˡ
޼Ψ˸⡣

һڷն
ǲƵĴƣЩ˸ü

Ľ
һŭ䣬ֱӵգŰ׼Ҷȥˣ

޾ĺڰѹ󣬷·Ҫһѹ顣
ںڰУԵ÷ǳƽⲢһڿռдС
ʱţ첻֪ȥ˶á
úǰֹڰ˲Ϣʧ
ǣ
ܣһƬĹȵأҶݣܳԣ
̧ͷȥƬȵвʯֺֺɫż΢紵룬Ҷҡҷ̧ǰú󿴵Сè˰ãϤСһɷϵĳʵںơ
ذ
СգƯĴ۾쿴
ӣȵСһǶʱΧ
СٴĺɷֻС޼Զȥ߳Զֻͷ죬ʾȥ
£Ҳɣ̧ȸϡ
С꣬úһʯͷǰʯͷֲܴڣȴһַǳĸоʯ̨ܵҶݸܼΪŹֵǣҶݵɫȻǳֺףЩŹ֣Ҷݣǵһμ
Сٴ죬̧СצָϷ
̧ͷֻʯͷһʯڣʯ̨һĴֲڡ
ʯϣмӡһй֣磬ת
һһ
ʶ
֮󣬿׭塭ʡ
ˣ
űߣС⻯ǹܡ
ȻһƬʯǰ䣬һϵͼʶСһϤɽ壬һӰ䣬һԲʯϣԲʯܱСһԾ˿޾ߡ
ҹ棬תƣӰ˫֣ɽԻֺʣŽգǿۣ϶嫡Ӱʯ̨һɨһԻ˱˲Ϣʧ
һ̣ӰһƬȵأһ߳ľ괺һʯͷ¡ʱһΣǹȥǧ꣬Ӱ֯ٴԻɽӺ͹Ž֣ʱΪ֮ɫԼ޾Ի


ʡ
ҡ

һʶлʧ
˸춢ǰʯ̨ʯڣ˼飺޾ǰӰƽɾǧȹ̵羳ʯͷ춯ݣˡǵ𣡡
ԭˣɷԶʱ𿪴ɽ
ĹУĵĴںѡ
ԲʯϵƣҲǵԭˣ㡣
졣
һ߹ᴩŽɷΪλĴڡ
ҲˣΪлһռ䴫
ɺϣԵ

ǰǷʯ̨˶٣һǴ󷽲ŵٶϡ
Ļʺͣⷽʯ̨Ͽǧ꣬ʯ̨һʱ䣬ȻĴô
һ漴˫ۣļת
ˣ
â˸
һһ
췴
ǵɵµĻ֮һӦݻǧĵͬʱо仰иĵ⣬򣬵һһжܻ벻Ч
ٱ飬֡
仰
ˣ
â֯⣬һжµĹֻ֣һůĹΣʶһǳ˵ٶȿʼţԭֻһˮذСʶתۼӣ

ͬһʱ䣬ʯͷ֮£ڰҶҡҷһ
ڹâ໥֯컷С

ʱһιȥա
׼ҽ޼ɱ죬£ϢĴ˳ȥ
ʱ䣬Զݡ
ʲô׼ҾȻȥ׷ɱ
ô£ٲ飡
һգ׼ҵĳͦӹǺν⣿
һա
Ȼûа׼֧ţҪ޼ţ˼ˣ
ҵѹ
رһҪõ
֮裬
ŴڣһȺ
ҩʦңҡ
Զʱ޼Żص˼壬һЦԭΪͰ׼ʲôܹϸ׼ֶζǳȴ׼ҾҪɱãã˶٣Զ⣬ȥΣҪץԼԣǼ֮£
޼š
ʲô취һҪס룡˭Ҳ֣
޼
ڶ򣬶֮ͷ
ϹŰ׼ҡ
ôһС¶첻ã©˷
׼ɫ䡣
ӵϥһߣһ仰Ҳ˵
Ȼݻˣһ㣡
ѾͷƺѾ֪ˡ
˵غܷһвһ߶ŰӣϲҪٶ֣ǿѰˣһն
ǣ
ӵͷС˳
׼ģ̫Ϣϯܡ
̫ˣư֮⣬õ紫ϢᶼΨһѣͦΣȴȻϵܺܶ࣬޼ţ֪˰׼ɱ֮ԣһôƬȥԺʲôȥ
޹ء
һߣĬĬԼŭ
̫Ϣȥ
ȥģ
ǰ
Ҫȥ
С
ÿ
üӦ֪ΪʲôɱʵĴţ
᣺磡
̾ϢᣬҲ̫ģܵסҵûô

ȵУ紵
ˣ
ʯ̨֮ϣ˶ڹͰâơ
ڰ֮üĽʶ֯ʶڵİܡ
ģ׵䣬ԼԻڰ֮ɫ


337 µ
ȵڹâƣʶУҡҷ·΢ڴһƬƬİڶʶУڹâ֯ܣʹ꽥ıɫ
ˣ
âζϣڰ֮⻷ζɣûȻһ塣
˫ۣüĹâʢʶøӹ
һ̣ƬȵУڹͰâУȵضˣһƵĳ۶ʯ̨ܻƣٳʶС
ͬʱҲһ⣬һΡ
жڱʯϵĻ˫ۣȴоƬضøˡ֮ƬȵУڹâøӵǿʢҡ
תۼ䣬ʶУԭ׵ڰɫȶ

컮˫֣˶˵ĺС
ʯ̨ϣȴһУֻתļ
ڰ֮⽫ƣתۼչȥ
ʱԲȣ߲ݣȴǸûд󰭣񷴶ԵøʢһƻɳΪһƬ𺣡
һ죬˫ۡ
âһ̧ͷǺȻ֣ʯ̨ΧڰɫҶݾȻɫв죬ɨԼʶʱٴξȡ
ʱ䣬Ϊûʲô仯ʶȴ׳ʮ࣬ʶޱߣԱȵͨɾǿˡͬһʱ䣬ȵʶڵԭɫȻֳ˺ڰ׶ɫһ־˵Ϣš
ɨʯ̨ԭڰҶݱһƬףʶԭ׵ĺڰ䣬·Ҷϵĺɫâ䣬ӡİ֮ϡ
ף֮⣿
쾪ȡ
ɨԼʶԭİ˫Щһʱ䣬ڰİƮźɫ׹⣬Ŀռ䶼ǿĲɼһߣĴǿ
оϲæ֮
ٶӡֱԻ磬Ȫ
ңǱ֮ǰǿ
ܺã
קקȭͷ
ʱ䣬Ϊûб仯ʶȴǻ˫øǿĸռͻͽ·ǿءҪǣоԼһ˿Ȼ
һ㣬ǾϲͼҪ֪һǴǿ߲£ʶȴһ˿Ȼһ˿ĺܾˣպĳɳĴô
ʯ̨վһԾ¡
תʯ̨ʯڣʮȹд
ǵдʱĳɾͣȫǽ˵Ե
̧ͷܣлһĨâȥˡ
ʯڴһۣתȥ
ú߳ƬȵأһƬԭʼУƬŲޣǿȴ࣬СҲʹﵽ߼Ρмͷ߼޼ϮһƱ㱻ĳѪ
й֣ܿϡ
Ѱһ¡

ǰʮʿѰʲô
ǰȥһˣֵܣεأ
ڶƬط˽⡣
˴Լʮңʶأڵڶ򶫲ɽ֣ţͷΪϹŰ׼ҡ˵ţ˶죬ɫ΢䣬æӻͳһһ֮£ٶȱɫ־ϲ㣿죡
˭
죿
Ǹпر죿
ܣһѷ
ȡ죬ʱ¶ɫ
ǰЩӣ׼ǰ޼ѹ©˲Ϣ˸粨Уƿпر˶֪¡ΪǰҩʦУвʿʩչرһǧĴ˿
ųΨһԽͨ似˿ۺúܣΪҹɱԷǳǿżţ似޵º󣬼ԱȵǿһȻ˶ġ
ң֮һЩ˸ǻĻ·׬˲ٺô
ر
رҵȾ͵ûм㣬ȥ
ԣ
ʮʿ뽫Χ
ЩɢޣŵӣǼǿʶʿ
üô£
ǰĻˡ
ٷϻ㣡رǲɱ㣡
˺ȵ
׼ҵƺҪɱ㣬ÿ㣬򱻰׼ҵ㽫ȫʬ
ûЩرǡ

һ˺ȵ
䵭৵ʧһ̳ڻǰһסԷĲӡ
˵ô¡
ĵ
ȻЩȻҲͲ档
סӣɫ䣬
Ȼ
֣
ѹ
ܣ˽е
ʱ䣬ʮȫ
һ⽣Ӱǿ似ֱӸܡ
ס˵Ĳӣ΢΢һŤʱ䲱飬նɱܣһӣʱ䣬ƬâԻ׻֮Ťܣ϶
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըתۼ䣬ǰʮȫն
Ҳʱݵһһϲ񷣬漴ըһƬɫ
ʮиԶӷų
һеɫ𣬽ŲһΣǰһ֮߷ڵأ˵ô£
㡭
ۣ
гһֱӴı۰
ʹʱҽ
וּһгһҪ˷ҵԣô¡
гŵɭɭ⣬ʱ־½һн
üͷקųֶʱ˼֡
ģ
ѵñһֿڣһնͷ­
̶գȻµУ
׼ң
һĨ⣬һУ׼Ҿӹΰ
ܣƶŲһȥ

ͬһʱ䣬ڣгǿ߿˲ϵɫ档
˴ɽ֣
ʱУǿ߷ɳԦնȥ
֮ûйȥã̽ԵõϢҩʦңϹŰ׼ңǿ߷׷׳Ŵɽֶȥ

ɽڣܣ⳯һȥ
ȻûȥãǸоǿԪ
ҵˣ
ڣ
ѹ
ԶʮǿʿΪŵĵӣʶ۷塣
һȻô
гƷʩչʽеĵĽֱնһƬ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһƬʮʶ۷ʿתۼ䱻Ƭ
˿ֲĽʱɫ䡣
£ǲĶ֡

һӣӢ˲һ൶졣


338 ɱ
ΪĪԪ൶˸ȻҲһƷ
Īʦ֣
һѡ֮һ
Ӯˣܽѹ
ѹˣȡرǴһ
һпܱĪʦˣ
ۡ
ĪԪܿͷϿգĮĸ졣
ˣӦòԸ־ܣҿܵҼС
ĪԪ
䣬ĪԪֱӶ֣նһĿĵ
ǵԼһĹβ·һǳײ
ֱ̧֣һƳǵĵķ顣
㹫Ȼұ˳Ц
˵
ˣڣƬʿѰ㣬һرĪԪޱ飬ν߾֮Сʿûʸƿȴ
Ц˱¼˵Խˡ
ʵƾڵʵεºƿȴ
ĪԪ
ʵԭأżݶ򶨣ãҪʲôʵʸƿ
ĪԪ粽£ڵرܴﵽһĲΡ
һĲΣ춢ŶԷǱ˵ں
ǿ
ĪԪ
䣬һǵնȸղŵĵǿ࣬ն˫ȡ
ȻĪԪҪն˫ȣ֮ߣԴеõ
ֱ̧֣ץסһ顣
ôܣ
ǿ似浶Ȼˣ
⡭
Զһ˽ľ
ĪԪ죬вȴǱø䣺ܴ޼ӳʵȷʵǿ󣬿һ似㡣䣬ĪԪһ䣬ֱӳʮ֣ܱߵĿŤ
֣
ŵʮ֮ͨһ
ĪʦѾͨ޵Сɣ⡭ȻֱӶʹͨ
Ӿȡ
ĪԪչرɣҿ˵гԽͨ似жǿ󡣡
һʮ𶯣볯ȥ
ӵĮһƬĴɽ޺Хʮû
ǣ
˵򣬻磿
ôܻ磿ѵҲǻ壿ǲе𣡡
Ż磬ɫٱ䡣
ȻĪԪ˿Ҳ¶ľ֮ɫôܻ츳ͨ
ǰƲսʮͨɾˣڸڶչֹ磬ĪԪŵĵȻ֪ɫ
򡣡

һ統ѹ£ֱӽĪԪ·
ոɾ
ĪԪȡ
ֳ𣬽ռ䶼ȼյ죬Ҫͻƻȥ
ȻݻĻǳ£ƬȵؾգѾﵽСɣ˿ݻ磬֮ơ

һ죬ֱͨӱ飬ĪԪǵĺɣѪ
粽ϣĪԪʵǷǿǷʸƿر
ĪԪɫ΢Щ֮ɫ㡭
֪ν
һѹ¡
Īʦ֣
ģ
ס֣
һ˴˳ȥ
еƷһӣʽ彣ն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۼ䣬뱻ն
ʱ򣬻ѾĪԪͷֲѹĿռ䶼Ťˡ
֣
ĪԪһΣƷͨһ־޴ֳݻĻ𿪡ֱøǿͿֲһת֯޾Ļ󵶣ռնĿ֨졣
˫ۣȰ׼ʮնǿ˺ܶ࣬ѹֱĺѡ֮һȷʵǿû֮ǰյľҪʤĺѣܲǶ֣
䣬һ䣬һƬ׺ͷһý

Ȫ
䣡
һ˵ĲɢʱĪԪɫ䡣
㡭
򣡡
쿪ڣһֱӽĪԪֻķ顣
߶ѹ£ֱĪԪϡ
ĪԪɣƿȻȴǲûȥЩ⣬ݻĻ磬;Ȫ˾Ȼûеһʱȥ
Ϻǿˣϧûδ
ɫ䵭
ĪԪӿѪϵʧиֳ־֮ɫסס֡
ûܡ
ѹ£۵һĪԪѪ
ɱĪԪ콫磬;Ȫƽ·һ΢¡ǰڵ֮գΪȻûʲô仯սȴǿ࣬ɱصĪԪʲô
ʱԶвǿԪӿɫ΢䡣
ϢǴͦ졣
ɫ΢
ûԥǚiֱûɽ֡
ȥãƬʿϵ˵أкȻʮ̵ǿߡ
صʬѪ˽ɫ䡣
Щʬƺŵˡ
⡭ѵɱ
˵ŵĪԪˣôûмˣ
ѣѵҲˣ
ԲܣĪԪǿӦȥ׷ɱˣ
ۡ
ǿɨܣʶ׽еԪٳһ׷ȥ
ϣ
˵
ʱ䣬ʿһȥ

촩ڴɽУӷɿ죬ܿԽɽ֣һߡ
ﬣ
һǰնա
춯ݣԶܿ⡣

һ
ʮɿվžŸˣɢżΪǿϢƺһֱڴ˵ء
ʲôˣ

ϵϢǿ󣬱ĪԪǿࡣ
ɱˣ
һ˵
䣬Ż䣬ֱɱȥ
ǿĲϯââһƬƬĽâɱ⡣
һ䣬ǸоϤϢɫʱ
޾׼ҵˣ
ӱ䡣
ɱֱʩչƣѹ
Ӵ˵ǿݻҪСģ
λ˼ն
һϣ
˵
ʱ䣬˸һȫʩչ޾ǿʮռ䡣
˽Դأʮ꣬սս鶼ǳˡ
Ȼɫޱȱ䡣
ǣ
䵽һ˵ǣ˵ٷ֮ʮŶǰ׼ҵĹ͡
һֱ۳ͼӭȳȥ˲串˶ԷƣԪȫû
ƣ˱ɫʲô
ɱ
캮
ǚiһչٴζһ˲ϢƵһ̳
۵һѪҺ͸ضֱӹᴩ˵ࡣ


339 
Ѫ⽦ڿУĿɫԱ䡣

̴˴
һڳһɿϢӱ졣
ٺˣվʿȻӲ̴඼ûȥŶԷŵֻǣһ㻹ܻã
ŭ죬ǻ档
һ˳죬޾ͨʩչâܡ
ߣָһͼٶ˵֮ͨȫɡ
ʽֱն
וּһâ죬ͼ򿪵ȱͨ
ۣ
һѪ⽦˵ĺᴩֱӱ׻û
һֻǷתۼ䣬Զ˸ŭ

˴ʩչɱ
ƮȻˣһն߽
̶֮ǳһ׻󽣴Ҫ񷶼
Ҳŭ
Ц
նʽеĵڰ˵С
ϾƹΪ׽Ϊ㹻׼ʩչ
ڰ˽𶯣˵׻ѹ£İ˸ʿҲɵɫ΢䡣
վϹżǿߣ˼ֱͨӽһ
һϣն
һ˵
˵ͷչֶΣӭȥ
ƮȻˣ˸ǿ߲η壬ֱ硣
һʱ䣬޵
Ļ磿Ӵ˵ΪʵȻĻֶΣ
Сⶫ
Ī⣬ǽۼһ򲻿ɴ⡣
˶ݡ
ɫ䵭߶£һѹˡ
𣡡
У˺ȵ
ò˵ȷʵǿЧ
󣬰˸Գ򽣻򵶣򴸻ꪣɱȥ
컮˫֣ӡǰȱĴɽһڴӣǷɳһƬ֣һźڰ֮ɫݺˢˢĳŰѹȥ
䣡
һνư磬ۼһֱӽȫˡ
һ˿ӿѪıֶ
춢סˣǚiһչȰ㿿˹ȥٶȿľˡ
׼ǿ߶ʱɫٺˣͬʱеı졣
ƶһȭ˶ıתۿ˹ȥ
㡭

һӣ磬ȱɽ֣һ¡
⣬׼ǿߵըô»

ŭʩչ׼i졣
ٶȣ㲻У

ǚiһת۳ǰֱһȭȥ
׼˻ȭӭ졣
ȭȭײһ˷ҽУȭȫ鿪ˡ
ߣһѿס˵ĲӣֻӶȭֱӺ䴩˵ؿڡ
ɱһˣ
Χʣˣ˿̽Բɵü
ôܣ
һ˱ɫʶֻ֪ʶضѣǵĸС̨ףսȴǿͬʱǾˣȻڶʱնɱˡ
ѵҲʶͬʸ񣿡
һ
ʱǿĲɢ˱˹
̬ʱɫԺ
Ұ׼ңˣǧǵһ
Ϊ׵һ˵
䵭ֱһ׼ңǰ׼ֻڶĶѣΪ޵ˣӭȥԵüΪ䣺СߵĽһЩ׼ҾҪɱңǰԵĹԡ
Ұ׼£ֲָֻţ
Сǧ壬һ˶ܿҰ׼ںεأ
ֻ֪

ҡͷҷϻˣǣα˷ѴࡣˣӵĮһ˱ȥֱɱ˱ǡ
ﬣ
˲Ϣѹ䡣
ʱսһ𣬸չ似ͨʩ
ͷ̻֮Ի
¡¡˲Щһ紹䣬ŭ˷

ŭ
컮˫֣ڷ趯ͷȪ
ȪһȻǿĲʱɫ
һһѹ¡
ۣ
ǿᣬΪ׵һֱը
ӱɨˣٴδ߶ѹ¡
ɷʱΪûκα仯ڵǧڵؾգͲѾﵽСгɾͣʩչ񼸺ԿԽСսɻɱǿߡ
׼˴չͨӭ졣
ҵˣ
Ǳߣ
Զд
תۼ䣬ʿаˣд󲿷ֶʶʿҲһЩʮ̵վſնߴ졣
ת֮䣬һ˽Χ
׼ͣ΢ɨܡ
ԭأܱߡ
ϣһ꣬ɫжݣǰ׼ǰ
׼üꡣ
֪Լ¶ˣæս䣬һ񣬵λǰɱҾŴ̵ʦܣ·ǰѹѪȥʦܣɷһɱѹѪʦܺ󣬶ٽ֮λǰ
ӢΪϹ̵ѡˡ
λǰӦʡ
˿ڡ
һ꣬Ϊ̵νѡˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϻ꣬ԼڶʮңΪǿΪʮ̵ܳǿߣǸԴ̵νѡˡ
˾һ볯Ű׼
׼˸Ƭ̺һ˵ͷԡˣǷɱ죬ôǲƴǡЩ˺ѹ죬ֱӶնɱ˾УЩ˴졣
лλǰ
ٴ
һƫͷ붢ס죬ǰȥ
ЩˣԵúܵĮ
ǵҵζԸңҵĽ֣֮ˣ
һˡ
Ϲ̵ĲſЦҵȴ̵˺Χڴˣа׼λǰΪ㻹ӵóȥ
ʵʵЩƤ֮ࡣ
̵ĺ
һ˻ƽ
ԭأΧУɫȴû˿仯ȫƣǵźͼ壬۰ɣϾҲ
⻰˽ǴЦ
ͷҴʴʣ
֮ϻ
ѹ
˸ɱȥ
ʱȫȥ
ͬһʱ䣬׼ɫĮϣʩչǿĽն졣
Į磬;Ȫһ̣üĹâʢһƬʩʩȻƮ˳ߣơ
ǧҡҷֺڰɫضá
ɱ
³һۡ
̼䣬Ƭռ磬𶯣һƬƬ罣նܡ
ʲô
СӦԣñն
ô£ûã
⡭似ҲУ

˫ϯɵеˣǲҺأ鴤ңЩ˵ڰɫ漴ڴ̶Ĳҽֱը


340 ̴
Էڣɳɴ
Ȼʧ⣬亦
ڵ֮գʯ̨µҶϵϢʶʶڵİ໥ںϣɾ˫ȻԿ˫ϵں֮ʧ⣬һڿµɱ

ϣҡҷڰɫԡ
һ𶯣Ʈ˳ȥԲʮɵĿռȫС

ҽ̶̵ʶʿһըѪȾر
Ϲ̵ɫΪ֮ݡ
Сģ
˺ȵ
һУʩչϹ̵ͨնǰ
ϧ谭ֱѹʶ
ʱϹ̵ҽУһ׹¡
ҿ
Ϲ
ò˵ȷʵǿ󣬲ûͬʶʿǰ㱻ը
ʱ˹ȥ
㡭
Ϲʱɫ
ӵĮɱң
䣬һȭ¡
Ϲ̧ѹ£һ㱻顣
ȭͷֱؿڣֱӽ֮ķѡ
Ϲĵѣ

⵽ʲô
̵ǿ߽Ǳɫ
ɫ飬ɨܡ
ˣ
۳ʮ̽նȥ
̽£Զͨǿתۼ뱱̵Ĵڡ

˲ҽ˻𣬷ʱڰơ
һ̣۵һ˵ը
˱ն̵ǿ߽ĺļ֮ɫһʶʿȻܹǿ˵زȻܹԽĸСɱУ
ˣ
ͻȻԶճ⣬ֲϯʮ
׼˺߶һ񻷣Ұѹ¡
£һжҪѹ
˺ȵ
̧ͷӵĮޱȡ
𣡡
̧ӡһصͼ۶ǰӭȥ
͵һ׼˵̼ʧӰ١
ôܣ
Ǽ֮һôôױƣ
ǵʲô
ľ
ŲһΣЯֱѹˡ
ǣûʲô˵ġ
Įһͼɳ˫ѹ¡
۵һ׼һըԿ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ܲҽвϣһƬƬڰƮɣͬƮڿеѩɫһȴÿһ䡣꣬һʶʿֵܹһƬ궼УֱӾͻ鿪
ǚiܿɱ⣬ٴ׼һǰ
㡭
ﬣ
۴ֱӹüġ

˲ҽУʱֳڰɫڵϷ
гһֱն˵ͷ­ӵĮɨ׼ˣɨ̵Ľܳǿߣ˵׼ɳǿɱΪҺǵĹߵ̫Ǽرãǰһ
£֮˲Ϣ
ʮʮ븡֣ߡ
ǣ
ֿر
Ըϲ򣡡
һĻ˶ݡ
ֻǺܿ죬Щ˵ɫˣΪʮնܡ

ҽ𣬷̶
ڼ̵ͨӶԣһʢ磬ǿرȴһЩǿеֿ֮⣬˸һ֮
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ء
ʮѣʮ̵İʶʿն˸ɾ
̫ˣȻɱȫ
̵ǿߵ
̣ƫͷʸ˵ֻ
וּһʮһд˲Ϣǰ
㡭
ۣ
ѪըֱӲ
ѪȵһĻʱ˺Ͱ׼˽ļ¡
һ̣죬⼸ֻоֱһħͷ
ôˣһҪɱңһᱦΪζͣ

׼˺̵Ĵ˸ɫ࣬ԵЩѿ
Ȼǲ

üĹ⻪ʢһֱӳ̵վǿѹȥ
һڹͰâӿͬڰɫĺڷƺˡ
ͬһʱ䣬иǴʮ󽣣϶
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ûʲôʣɿͨ⼸̵ͨʿֵܹסתۼ˱նѪȾա
һֻۣʣ̵ͽԼ׼ҵꡣ
̵ǿߺһֱӳԶȥ󣬲ڵĴǲʲôͣٵǿնϣԶߡʵ̫ǿˣƿصֶļ£޷ֵڣֻλȥ
Ц˫۳˲Ϣɱ

ҽͬʱԸ߿׹䣬Ĳҽ
˫ʶشסڵϷ
֣ɱ˵ͷ­
ֻʣˡ
ƫͷ׼ˣһǰȥ
ӭı񣬰׼΢΢һɵúˡ
ϹŰ׼ҸڶΪ׼ˣǿߣһʶСʿõź£

˻ʱİ׼ɫһࡣ
죬㲻Ҫ⣡ҵȲǼϵֻ޾еһЩֳֻзķݣ
һ˺
ҵţ
ޱ顣
ˣûʲô˵ģԷɱֻоٵӭ
䣡
磬;ȭһݻǰѹȥ
Լȥ֣ð׼౻նɱ
ɨܣһЩõıֱ뿪˵ء
ʱûйȥãѰɽ֣׷Ѱ죬ȴֻǼزʬ
⡭
Щƺʮ̵ǿߣиһνĺѡˡ
Ǳߵˣ񣬺ǰ׼ҵˣ
ľ
طѪˮʪ˴أʬһ߾ߣĿġ
ŮʿһĻʱɫһףɵ÷һߵŻ
ܿ죬Ϣͬ˳ɳ
־ŭܳĵӱնɱһƬǸʧһѡˣЩɶδĶȴȻն
ǲͽϵ˳֣
д̳Ϻ
ͬһʱ䣬ŭԳǲļǿ׷ɱ졣

뿪֮ǰսǚiٶȿ켫
Щʶأյﵽվ׿ʦϰպ͵Ͽӡɱķš

ڵ̫Σˣ֮ǰɱĺɣʵÿζȴȫʩΪ򲻿ôɱʮǿߡңЩֻСɫѣĸ֣ƲǵӺĽǵ۷ˣסȻصʿҲ⡣
ΨнվҲǿµʱ
а
˼תٶȴǲתۼǿɡ
ʱǰһ꣬ž˵ĵͫжеλ棬һ˵ĸо
Сѣɷһ̸



341 ʮ滷
꣬쾯˺ܿ£عƶ졣
ҵˣ

ǰߵ뵽ģĿԱҩʦҡ
Ȼͷ֤ʵĲ²⡣
Զԭ׼ֶΣɳǿȥѰץ죬Ȼնɱʮǿߺ󣬱ٻͨļǿߣתеĳϣǣ
֪Сѿɷȥͣ

΢ͣ
ֻͣ
ô򵥣ȥһҩʦ֪ͣôġ
кǰΪʲô
ǸУЩʱգŰݷá
˵
˵꣬ܿ꣬ȥ
৵һǰ
ǰʲô˼
ü
ɫ䣬СѺҵ˷ЩСĦΪҵĳе⣬ͬʱҲСһµ֮ᵽ֮ĸ֣ԻһĨտտ
ֻԶƤëҩʦǰ̣ǰ̧ˣ
ȻӡȷţҾûУҩʦ壬ҲûС궢죬ӡݴΪŴ֮һҩѾʱ䳤ʧҺ֪Сλʧĵ
Ҳǰ˵ʲôҲֶ

˵꣬תһȥȻȴٴǰ
ұһԡ̧֣һƬΣޱȣɫյնŤõĵΪؾɵ͵ߣɫֱΪƣϣ̣࣬죬ڡҵĵڵؾһ似Чֶαǻӡӡųƿؼһл档
˵꣬飬߶ɫ졣
ɫоųҵ¶ȣٺˡ
ˣ
磬;Ȫ볯ǰѹȥȻȴá
ΪΪǿٸ˸С̨ס
һתۼѣɫƵ˽ǰ
걳˫֣ΪֻӡһУ㻯Σ֣ƬὫճɻҽ
аһ޿ɱܣһֱ۳һöطģ˸ȼյǰɫգֱӽöĶǰ
һɫһ𺣣ꡣ
ֱ֮תǚi뿪
һ쵤տտ⣺ȻǻӡŶԶ죬û˿ԥֱ׷ȥ֮ǰԶʧĵʵôţʴ˲ŻԳһԣĻᴫ˵еĻӡﻹ뿪ȻữӡôͼпܻʧĵҶԣһء
һʮԶ
ͷۣвɵ΢ٶȵǿľˡ
΢һΣٶȶʱø졣ǚi־أһֱڲǰͻ˵ڶؾ磬ﵽ˵ؾ񣬲ŵصǚiȫʩΪ֮£ٶԱȵǿߣ϶١
תۼ䣬˺ľ롣
죿
ûǸ죡
ס
ǰһȺɢޣʮˣΪʶ쵽ʶ첻ȡ
һһ˸չ似ն
ǰնɱʮվǿߣ𶯣ʹľⲢ̫Ϊƿпرջʵ̫ˡΪڱȻһЩͨʶʿҲηǰᣬϾȻǿȴվֻһˣһһɱܻʤϣ
ɱ
˴ѹǰ

һĨɭ⣬һչѹǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ҽ𣬷
Щͨʿεס߳Ļ磬˴롣
ʮɢУҴ˶죬жʱ¶ޱȿ־ɫ
ôܣһ͡
죬Щ̲סˣһɴ̹Ǻ⡣
ʮ˺вʶǿߣȴһ£ֱʮˣȲ࣬ʮľ˵
ɨʮһۣûжֱӶԶ
ǿ׷ûʱȥЩСɫ
䣬һɱϮ켹һ
룬ǚiٺԶ

һԶһľնķѡ
⣬أٴ⣬·𱳺һϮ˹
룬ֱӴ߶磬ѹȥ

Զһ꣬һϮۣĮĶ졣
̣

ϵˣǵȥ޼Ѱ鷳ʮ֮һΪ̵ĳϡ
̵ĳһ졣
ˣԻѹ£ٴγԶȥ
̵ĳϷǳǿԶԶǶ֣ӲĻΨһ
߲ˣ
̵ĳһĿ磬ֱ׷ȥ
첻κεֵֻǲǚiӣ֮ûйȥã̵ĳȺ֣а׼ǿǰӶݵ·ȫˡ
ʵƤ֮࣡
ѹ֮һ̸δã֪׼Ҽλѿ
ԡ
һ˳мѹ£
һǿߣ켹䣬ȴһƬĮ
浱ˣ

˵һת磬ȪһһԻ
վУ
ͽͰˣ
ѹ
ʮ˵
񱩵Ԫһѹ죬ʱ䣬ؿһƣһѪ
Щˣǿ
־ܣ
ŵĳϿǰһѹ졣
ǴѪٺˣͬһʱ䣬üĹâʢڰ鲼ʮÿһ䶼ˡ
飡
ŵĳϲܣӭǰһƬڰ꣬һ¡
Ȼһ̣괩ƣٶȿ켫䲻ݷûʶ
ʱ䣬͵һ𣬷һʹƺߡ
ͬһʱ䣬̵ǿˣڲ˽£˰ʶ˾ҵʹ׼ǿҲ⡣
ಣ
ƿ֮ǚiֱӴһ϶գʧԶ

ˣЩ겻򵥣һУֱӹʶ
ѵʶ󣿣
ʮ˵ı鶼Ǻܲÿ
ܻƮܼĺڰɫǰ·ʱӰѾʧӰ٣׷ϡ

ʮǿ룬һ·ɶݣúһƬɽС
ʱ΢٣һɾ
ǰ߳ˣˣΪ޼ŵ޼ĽӰ
죬Ҫţûж⣬Ƿ֮ǰ㡣㰵ǻ޼ţȻУ֪ټ
޼


342 ս
Ŷˣ΢˳һ
л⣬ˣ£һҲܴȥ
˵
ܿˣһȥ
һâն£Ľ֣ǰ
޼ɫ΢䣺Ľʲô˭Ҳ֣
֣ĽĮã֣Ըǻȥ
֣֮
޼
ɨĽǚiһչԶȥ
Ľһٴǰһ£̫ʴˣҵڴˣһʶСʿֱѹȥɣ룡
һ嫵Ĵӡ£С
ס֣
޼ɫĽ
Ľһƿ޼ٴ죺޼̫ˣ׵˵ԸǻȥûܣҲûã˵ˣֱѹȥͿɣʡ˷ʱ뾫
޼üͣ͡
৵һĽܿ޼ӡֱ졣
Ⲣͨһǿ似
϶
֧磬;Ȫ볯ǰȥ
һӡ£磬ȪĿͬһʱ䣬źˣֻؿһƣѪˮӿϺͬʱһΡ
վǿߣڵȷʵ̫ˡ
ʵߣն֫ٴȥ
Ľ
޼üͷһ壬ɫĽ̫ˣ
޼԰꣬ҵǾĽʱӰվ˳˵ԸʲôܸǻȥУΪˣѹȥõѡ񡣡
УԲֻ룡
޼
䣡
ʱĽѾһγֱʩչĹɹͨ
Ȼ䣬һɫ⸡֣ѹȥֻԣѹ
䣬ͬͨĽʩչ֣ʵǿ̫ˣ
ǚiˣָᵯͼһֱӷɳͼĹɹײһȴûãתۼѣͼһ鿪
䲻ϧ̫
Ľ
ٶȺˣҧأ˫ֿٽӡ
ڵ㣬ʶѣԱʲôʲôûã
Ľ
첻鲻䣬ֻ˫ֻĸӳأҲӿ١
ˣ
һʯ̨һʯʯ̨ԵŲٺڰҶݣʯ֮Ͽһй֣й֮׭âʢԻʡʥ⡣ʱ䣬һɼΪֲϢʮռ䶼ѹ
˿̣֮ݻʱ䣬硣
ͣ
ĽĹɹҲһֱ̾ӱ
󣬿ֲϢѹ£ʱĽŵŵŵĺˡ
⣿
Զ޼ӰԱɫһʶʿѣȻվǿʩչͨˣ޵ʷϿɴδй֮£
ȣ
һߣӿѪɳȥʮԶ
ɨĽŲͣ˲ǚiԶȥ
ߣ߲ˣ
Ľ
һ̣Ľŭ۷ǿߣȻһʶСʿֱ߽ܴͨ裡һһɸӿֲϢڳܼĹɹ𣬽涼
Ųһ磬Ľֱ졣
ˣĽ̫ˣ
޼ǰ
ǿԪ޼Ľ
Զͷһۣ˲ϢԶȥ
ļռ䣬նɱһһᱦǿɢޣܿŴ̵ĳϣѰ׼Һҵһ׷ѰߣѰһεڣǱ
һ˵£ܺãˣܼҵǱܣ
ǴѪϴѪɫȴޱȱ䡣
˫ۣȡһö£漴ʼתļ޸塣

Ǳȴв䣬ϹŰ׼ңҩʦңʮ̣һЩͨɢǿߣֻǣЩȴҲѰټգ׼ǿ߻ڣǿ߻ڣʮ̵ĳҲȫؽ̡
޼ţ޼

޼ĽɫЩ䡣
Ľɫ΢ףܹҡıѰǾƱҪأԸֻܶ֡
ס죡֪ΪԼĵӱѹн٣ȴô˵ˣκ˶ֻ֣룡޼Ľȥڲ̤Ľһ
ĽɫѿȴǲҶ˵ʲôֻ㬵ȥ
ĽȥԶ޼̾Ϣƫͷɷڡ
Ǹûܽ
޼
޼֣ʩչɣΨ˵еĶսʥܹԽСսţǵΪߣѰɼƷʶϳˡһˣһֱУسɶп޼Źâʢʵʢϧ˽ܣȴΪҵĹʧ֮ۡ
֮ǰҲΪ޼šŴǼ±ˣϹŰ׼ңȻҪˣʲô취
޼
޼֣ɷ΢΢̾Ϣ˾Ǵˣ֮ǰ˵ĶԣΪ޼ŵˣ֪µûдʱȴӻ˽֮ߣʵʧְ֮㲻һϸ
޼Աߣ޼Ŀȥ
ҪˣҪòҲûйϵ޼ôƾõ£ȴһѰҲܴӲ˵޼Ե޼䣬ȥԴ֮󣬲κ޼ŵӶԶ֣ǿԣʵʱ򣬰иһЩ
ǣ
޼ͷ

ϹŰ׼ҡ
ĳһűƿһϮ£ŭ롣
ǲиֶԸҾ
̫ϢƣһذףԼ񾱡
ߣһĻʧɫ
Сڣ㣬Ǹʲô
ذҪǿţǻˣ
һæǰ
ǿͨɲΣɴ˿ȴǼۡ
վס
ָ
ʱ䣬εõϢа׼ҸֳֶԸ죬ʮǿ׷ɱ죬ҩʦڶ֣Ｘεᣬ֪һУܴԭǳϣܲѹ
һһΣôôôôåʲô𣡡
ŭˣỨۿдת
ֹɫԵЩѿΪ£ȷʵ˿ռ
գһЭҧãǲǲиֶԸǣɱҰ׼ʮˣ¿Ҳܼ򵥵ˡúҰ׼һǿǶԹͬ˽ᡣ
ҡͷУڲš
ʱ߳һˣеذ׶˹
󣬰ûж˵ʲôֱӽ˳ȥ
ſң
⣬е
Ľˡ

磡ＱۣͬУмѾ٣Ƕ֣
£ü⣬ʱ䣬̫Դ̫ƵңʱҪˡ˵ţﷴӦĻᣬֱʩչ޾еĴĻԪȫסֱ׼

ҩʦңҡ
ص壬⼸峤ϣ֮ϡ
Σ
һʵ
ȷʵƿд˵еĻӡֻǣڳʧټ

ú󣬸ɳµҲ⡣һ˿ڣ֮ļӣйעĶ򣬾ԣ˷ǳ򵥣ҶԣǳҪ
һ죬ݣ˲ͬӦԡ
ֹȥգһſ߳ţ߳壬嫵ĵڶ졣

УһζѨڣУһ۱Ǵ¹ȥ
µʱ䣬ƣΪֽ˲٣ѾҪﵽʶ۷塣Ϊ֮ǰվǿײһսս鶼ǿ࣬ۺս֮ǰһء
ʱٽӦóȥתһת
˸â


343 ˭
뿪ֵζѨ츲һϮۣסȫ沿ڵݿǺУΪﵽվʱһЩȻкô
߳ǰͨ˴Ĵ
ߣЩſǶۼ
Ӧûͦ֡
ȻϾǰ׼һĽܳſ֣Ҳǰ
ϣʿܶ࣬ٳһȥ
ƫͷǴɽ֡
סһʿʵ̨ʴȥɽ֣ʲô𣿡
һۣסˣ΢üͷȴҲû̫⣬Ͼʿ̫࣬Щй񱣺ǰſ׼ҷϣŴӦڴɽ־ۼҪ׷Ѱѹһˣ˽죬˵ƿпرҪǣ˰׼Һ;Ŵ̡
ԭˡͷʵΪǾẈ̂ʮ𣿡
޼ŵĵӣ˵޼ŵ˺ٹ£ϽκµӳֶԸ졣
ʿ
ͷлʿǿ߿ŴɽֵķСܶȥ
£Ŀ˸޼޼ʱβд޼ȴǲ˽֮ߣʵ˵ĵײôȴԹ޼Ͼһλã޼ҲȡᡣЯ޼ţ޼Ȼ֪Ϊµе£޼ȴл
⣬Ҳһִؽˡ
΢̾Ϣٴ޴ֵķӱ
˶٣ӣŴɽȥ

ɽ֣ľԾ˿Χʿ۷׷ס
ǰһƬտ֮رϴɭɭѪվһ𣬸ǼΪӢݽǹʣһȺΧУȻǰ׼ҵˡ
ۣˣվȺ֮С
λϵѪǣɻ֪˭
׼һ˿ڡ
ΪΣʵǿյһ졣
Ȼ֪
ҽ̳ǵѪʦǵѪʦǵѪУ
£
оŴ̵˿ڡ
ʦֳΪɱӲбԣ֮ȫΧˣ
׼һ˵
Ϊ׺㣬ҲǴյһأǿ
ɱ
һȫƾλ׼ҹӲǲҵȾʣ
ؽ֮ɱ
Ŵһ˺ȵ
ڣǿɢ޼У׷顣
׼˵ͷһ˿ڣΪأˣҵȺصѹӣΪеǰǱѩޣΨˣѪƬɽֵǰǵ԰Ϣʹǵã
ѩޣ
ѩޣ
ѩޣ
Ӧ
ȺУ쵭ĮһЦ
ò˵׼˽ϵѡɽ֣ɵϵѪɿȺЧȷʵⳡأԴǣǸʮ֮ͽһ㡣
źۣݲɼ׼λѩĸƺõĲ̫׵֪׼޹׷ɱȣ̺һɢΪ˶䱦֮󷴱ɱòǾȡ̸ϱѩޣ
⻰һȺʱһŭɫ
ʲôˣ˵Щʲô
˵
Ҫԣ
˳
ԣ֮£һЦȻɣǾŴ̺ϾڴˣҪѹˣѵı˵ĿرЩɢޣкγԹ̰ͼΪξҪԸ죿
Ŵһŭ졣
һЩɢ޸ɫ࣬ҵΪ˴裡
壿̣ǻΰ󡣡
ɽڣһЩǰֵ˶Ǳ죬۵쿴
һ˭
׼ҷⳡϣŴ̺һɢӦҪһԸ죬һȻ﷢ͬ
ⲻûȤ𡣡
ۡ
̧֣ѹ˵ǰλѣ˵ҪݣϷҰ׼ҳң֮ǰɱŴ̵ļλ˽ܣѪծ˲Ұ׼Һ;Ŵ̵׷ɱ̰ͼ䱦

ι˵ǣ
ǵͽȥ
˺ȵ
£Ц׹ӺΪγ󣿾֪ɲϷ幫幫νɱŴ̵ļλ˽ܣòƣǼλ˽ΪֶԸ幫ɱ幫ᱦ췴ɱǼˣ˵Ҳڻ幫ɣ
⻰һε˺;Ŵ̵˽΢΢ɫһ͡
£
Ŵ̵ɱ׼ҹͦ໤񣬰׼Һ;Ŵ̺Ը죬⡭
Ϊ棬ίʵЩ
Χ˱죬׼Һ;Ŵ̾һԸ죬ԵЩײ࣬ƵһЦˡ
ۣλѣ;˵վţ֮ԣǲȡ
һվ˳
ˣЦ⣬ͷԭ޼ŵ֣֡
ιӡ֣ǻ
ܣȺ֣ǵĻƫͷںµ졣Щڱֻ˿ֶѣֲͬȻ˺֮ġ
£޼ţ֣ǣ˽֪޼ŵѾκ˶֣Ϊ޼ŵĵӣȴ˵أ㲻㹫ȻΥ֮֮ͷôǷЩ治
ǰ޼¹Ͻκ˶Ը졣
֣ǣ⡭
ָָ㡣
֣ɫ䣬ʴȣУ֮ƽϡǻţ޼֮裬ʺ񣬿⣡ҷʦ֮նɱӺԻлԹ޻ڣ
ԭǷʦ
˵֣ǵҲ㲻Ǵ治ˡ

˵ͷ
£Цʦ֮Ľ϶
֣ٴοڣˣιΪʵڣŰ裬ͬţǿǣ׼ҹ֣ȻϷΪᱦӾɱŴ̵ļλܳͽЩ¶ǲʵ
⻰ȺǻȻ
۾˵Ϲ𣿡
£Ц
֮ԣްٻ˵Ϲ֣ĮĶ죬˵㲻ֻǵ;˵ѣΪ棬޼ŵӣͬʦֵܣ£;˵㣬ѵҸ
⡭
ȷʵ֣ͬʦ֣ȷʵŷ
ô˵Ǹ컹ǡ
ü
׼˶֣һЦ֣֮
㻹ʲô˵
֣۵졣
£Ǿͬţ֮µˣ
֣Ǳ鵭Įطû˱Ҹ
𣿡Ц̵ôĹۿ˵˵˭£㣬ҡ
˵ţƿۣ¶ݡ


344 ѪȾɽ
źµ죬ݣʱ䣬֣ɫ䣺㣡
ͬһʱ䣬˽Զݡ
⡭Ǹ죿Ȼ
һΧ߽Աɫ
׼ⳡϣۼͬǿԸ죬ڣȻһˣֱһֵʿľδ̫˰ɣ
৵𣬾Ŵ̺Ͱ׼ȫˣ뽫Χ
㵹Ǹ
׼Ц
֮жٵطҲǰǲԼƽ׼ˣϷʵĶ֣ǣ˵˵У±ȽҶ±Ƚ
֣ɫ˵
ĽһڵΪ鷳ܺ󣬳ͬţ
׼ҹңҵϷ۾Ϲˣǿ壿
Ϊ˶ᱦɱ˾Ŵ̼ͽŴ̳鷳ʱ׼ҹչ˵飬ľŴһڳϹˡ£㲻֪
֣ǣƽȴϬ
ʲô
Ŵ̵ĳϣȻģ
ô׼ҹǺϵܺ𣿰׼ҵˣôᡭ
Ⱥ۷׷ס
һɺԣоŴ̵ӿڣŭȵʲô輰ҵȴ̵ĳǣΪСʿ¹򣡡
ƫͷˣֱӻӳһâ
۵һѪ⽦䣬̵ؿڱᴩǵѪС
˻
Χߵ⡭һڴ֮䣬ȻֱӶɱˣ
Ϊʲô¹ΪΪ׼ҹվߡ̵ɨŴʿЩۼ׼Ըɢޣ԰׼ʱʲôʲô̬ȶ֮ǰԼһҡβֺãʲô
㡭
ʱ䣬һ˽ŭɫ
䣬幫εݣվһߣỤ㣡
κȵ
첻мһЦ֣ǣ֣ʦ֣˵˵Ļ棬Ǽ١
֣ʦ֡ҧĸʱ֣ɫЩ
Ⱥ֣ǵı飬ɫݡ
ƺΪ氡
ֹ
Щ˲ɵ̬Ⱥ֣ǵı䣬Կ˭֮Ϊ档
׺һĨâӶ˵ʲôλ֣һѹ
ԣϻն
֣
һϣ
˺ȵ
ʱ䣬һȫѹ£似֮ݺʮ
ۼٶˣ˿аһ֣ǵίʵ¡
Ц⡣
ƾȺɫҲҾɱҡ
וּһгһƷʽֱ߽ɨܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬תۼ䣬Ƭʿڷ
ҵ졭⣬⡭
һ֮ˣ
ǿ
һЩΧļ¡
鵭Įƽ֣ǿȥ޼ˣκ˶Ҷ֣ʦͽǻʱԣ
֣ɫ࣬ҧ죬㲻Ҫ̫ſ񣬲ʶѣ
һɫĽһֱ̣֣ӼĽĹɹͨ
Ҵʶʱ㶼Ƕ֣㣬չͨʲô
Ц
ָᵯͼ۶ֱ֣ǵ֮ͨ⡣
ǚi˲֣ǰ
㡭
飡
ȭֱӽ֣ҷɣŵȥһҽС
֣֣
αɫ粽Ӷӡѹ죬Ȼ޾еơ
䣡
ƻ£ռ䶼ζ
ͬΪյһأǲò˵εʵҪ֣ǿһЩյڶʿҪǿһѹ£ĲΧΪ֮ľ¶
ˣһչ߶ͬƣһִӡֱǰ
ǡƣ
ôܣôҲƣⲻǰ׼ҵĲ𣿡
⡭
˽Աɫ
ε໥ײһռΪ֮
ѧƣ
׼־ŭ
˸չ似ֱӳ
һȥˡ

һڰ˽ֱӽ˱ˡ
֮һΣٴγ֣ǰ
·
Įڣݻ磬ѹ¡
֣ɫ䣬Ǽȫ߶Ĺɹͨ
Ȼͨεס
ۣ
֣ǿѪɶԶѪģ
̧ȣٴαƽ
һ羶ֱѹ¡
ĹŴɽ׹䣬䴫Ұ޵ʱ֣ɫұ䡣
ס֣
ģȪ·ϣ㲻µò˶ãұʦ㡣

ѹ£ֱӽ֣ѹķѡ
޼ŵ֣ǣճΪȻô򵥾ͱնˣ
⡭
ҵ죬ǺεսʶΰҲ̫˰ɣ
ʿľ
һĻŴ̾ۼһҲǸɫ
λһϣҪƣ
κȵ

Ȼǿ󣬵˶࣬һʤ
ɱ
һ˴
ʱ䣬⽣Ӱʣ볯ɱȥ
Ϊ϶ҧ󣿡
Ц
וּһ߸ֳʮն˻ġ
ر
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ŵ̾ۼͽΪʶ쵽첻ȣΪܹסĿرתۼѣƬʿ£Ѫ֮С
ˣʮڣնɣѪˮȾ˴ء
ô
⣬ʤˣʤˣ
ôȥȫᱻɱ
˿־塣
һ̣ɢ޺ˣԶߡ
ﬣ
һ£ֱն˵ͷ­
رʮգµȫΧ
Ȼɱң͵еӣʲô
Į
䣬𶯻磬ɵĹ˷ȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪըݻĻ磬ЩͨʿǶ֡
ֵѣҵȴˣŹǰɣ
ѬģҪᱦ֮Ҳˣˡǰɣ
ֵѣ˴Ҫɱǰ
ɢġ
Ц¸ɱ⡣
Щû˿ԹȴǾһҪɱҪˣô飿ɱߣɱ֮һԲʥˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһδըڵ档
鶯֣֮֮ܵմȾϣͻڼ䣬ҽϣԽԽ˳ӣдͽ־ߣϧȴûһɹȫڿеʮ͵ظɱ
Ҫɱң
죬㣬Ƕħ

ҽ˷ѪҺһδνʬһ߾ӡ
ԶΧ߸ľ̲ס¡
Ȼ棬ֱ
ܿ죬ӹȥҽ󳹵ʧ
ȥʮɭڿУǲȱʬѪˮȾ˴أһƬĿĿġ
ͽɢǿߡȫȫˣֻʣ°׼ˡ
ô˾һȴȻһһҲס
ŰӰ
ԶΧߺˣо඼Ҫˡ
ɽּ䣬²ȾѪεˣڣֵˣЩ£һǿе֪


345 Ʒҩʦ
ӭ쵭Į񣬰˽ǲɵһɫԵѿ԰׼ҵ֯̾ۼڴˣѰɱ죬ȴǱѰ̶̰ӵʱնɱˣѪˮһأǼ
ֱһħ
ߣ
γ
֪Ķ֣ûսֱתȥ
ƽڿеıն£˸˻
Ϲʱİ׼ңֻӣ
Į
ŭ׺죬㲻Ҫ⣡ǰ׼ǿǼ˻δ߳ţ߳ɱһ
ҵš

וּһѹ£âţֱӽ׺ͷ­ն
ѪܵһĻԶһȺΧֻо˱
ǿǰ׼ҵ˰ϹʱĳȻƬҲ֪ˣ⡭Ȼԥնɱ׼Ӣܣ⡭̫ˣ
ļ¡
κͰҧгݣ˱ɱ𣬸չ޾
ɱ
ɱ
˴֪ԶߣƳѹȥƴһս
ҡͷͷ˵ƣѹķѡ
תۼ䣬бֻʣ°һˡ

οдѪ죬־ŭ
̧֣ݻƣֱһƽķڵء
ǰ׼ôټļ壬Ӧвپݵ㣬
ʵ
ζݣʲô
˲ϲǰ׼һٶ޹׷ɱңܵøһ㾪ϲҪȻ׼һ浱Һ۸ˡ
봳Ұ׼ݵ㣿
Ц
žһֱӸ˰һƣЦ˵ϻ
Ѫ޺޵Ķ죬˵طԴ
ôˬ죿
ۡ
ζ죬ǹŹ֣ࡣ
⡭׼طоݵ㣬˲Ƕ֪𣿡
ѵ֪
֡
Զ˽ǲĶ졣
ȻЩ˵ԇ壬ӵһЩ£治ôҲвˬҲ˵ʲôֱն˰Ρ
վ֣ԶһΧߣǱ˹ȥ
ৣ
ʱ䣬Ⱥˢˢˡ
ǚi׷һˣץס˵ļ
һ꣬ŵɫ԰ף£硭磡ҾֶѣûŶ㱦ûɱ㣬㡭㲻ɱ޹
죺
Ҿһ£Դط£޶⡣
˵
桭ģ
ġ
˿ЩսľԴطƬʿۼأбн׸󣬻һЩнӵľڣ̺ʥضطǿ費ͬ׸¥ռԴռ鱨
طа׼ǿߵľݵ㣬еˣǿߴʲôΪ
ʵ
۷Ρ
۷塭Żͷлˡ
䣬תԶȥܿʧӰ
ų˿̱
ԶһЩΧ߲ûԶ˿̶ԶȥӰֶǰѪܵĳأһļ¡
ǡ
ֱҺ
ܿ죬Ϣ˳ȥ׼һλӢܾۼŴǿߺһɢޣҪѰɱ죬ȴֱѰն˸ɾøʿľ׼Ӣ־ۻҪѰһˣȴȻѰɱˣ˻ɣԸɽǾֱ
⡭
Ȼģ
Ǹһֶ̫˰ɣٶˣȫɱˣа׼ӢܣһҲ档
˽Ծ
󣬰׼һһǿ߸ɽ֣Ű˵ʬ󣬸ɫɭɭɱ⡣
ҳն
˷籦Χ۵ɢ޺Сɵһļ¡

뿪ɽֺ߳Զ뵽һƬɽС
۷壬ڵұȻǶ֣һǸˣӦûЧ

ҵһ֮ȡһںڶʼ
ҩһֵҩΪԪԪɫζ׻ſ븹Уһ븹УһʱﵼԪǱ̣־ԵˣֱҲͿĵ
ԪҲôﵽƷҩʦܼڣӦÿԴﵽȲΡ

ΪѾҪﵽվңĿҪﵽˮ׼ͨһеԶͨҩʦߡͺñǻ羳һ似ͲỨʲôʱ䣬̧־
չڶһ쿪ʼ
һ;ûƿһȫ츳εĴϤ˷Ͻ޼ǰһ˲ĲϺͿϵĲϣԣĵϵĺķѡ
ˣ
̧֣ڡͿڡԪӿܿ죬׿ڡλɫ
ɫΪײĵǵһ׶Σһ߽ԪתΪһתļָԪеϵСУò˵ǳĿ첢δ÷ζΪУá
ƣ罻棬ܿ죬ʱȥ
ںڶǰٴ֣Ԫӿںܿɫ档
ɫ𣬵ڶؾ
ʱ䣬ܹϢʱʱȫеʱ䣬ڴﵽƷҩʦΣԪӿ֮£Դ߷ɫ
ʼԪ

ԪΪƷµȱԭҪﵽƷҩʦβƳƷԼƿžԵţﵽƷҩʦΣƳķԪ䲻ܣӡ
˵Ͷʯȡϣ߶ɫ𣬿ʼƷԪ
ˣ
ɫƣЩѤЩá
һۣչȥ
ռ䣬ʼʧΣֱһЩɣɫ²任ƳɹķԪȻƳķԪһξ룬ǣľвϣʮöԪ
ʮԪܹʮĴΣÿֻöżֻһö
Ϣʱվ
ʱˡ
ӻһĨâԶȥ

ʮǰ˷ۻᣬǿɱ죬ȴѰţ˾նɱð׼һʿŭĴѰ죬ϧһʮչȥȴûһѰټ·쳹ʧ˰㡣
ӣײȥ
ֻ𣡡
Ѱܶһӣ
׼һ
һ죬һɫۣݣһƬĶʿŹʡ


ݣ΢΢һЦֱС


346 ǿɱ
ڶΪʿۼ֮һи䱦׸󣬸ʿǰֻҪۣһ㶼ѰԼҪĶͬʱо¥ʿǷɣа޶˵ӣƢĸ¶һЩǿʿЩ¥ˡ
츺Żۣʿ
úһ¥ǰͣ£¥̻ԻͣϣΪ׼ںһݵ㣬ԵͼΪոֱͬʱҲһЩ챦ΪϹŰ׼裬ÿʿǳࡣ
ⲢݲС
ڣʿܶ࣬ż飬ǰڷвΣһЩ˽׵ʿЪϢһӼ䣬жһſĴָСĵ裬УһŽһԪ飬壬С
ʱţܿ죬Сӹȥ
ܿ죬ǰʿɸԵĽףֵˡ
ʣҪʲô
̨ǰһ׼ʵ
츲£˲δʲôӦϾò١
ߡ

üʲô£˵Ҳһ
ټҪ̸ͣһӡ

ɫһ䣬Եȡ
䣬˿첽ڸȥǰЩӣ׼λҪնɱ죬󣬰׼ȴȺв˷Уð׼ŭڣ׼ǿǣһ죬ϧȴʧȥټ
˴ټҪ¡
Լȥʮ귵أһߣɫϢǿ
λѣټ
ڸһЩˣᵽ˴Ϣǵ£˳նɱ죬ʼǼֱϵλµ֪жҪǲᵡ
񣺡ߣ
ǡ

طΪǿ

üǡ˶٣ѹټΪ棬֪Ұ׼Ȼһʵļ۸һ⡣
ʵļ۸񣿵Ȼݵڣа׼˵ͷ­Ӧͦʡ
췢
⻰һԵ˶ʱ
ˣǣ
ɫʱ
ƿۣ¶ݣ㿴ˣټɻ⣿
˶ʱɫһ䡣
㣡
㵨ӵǲСȻͬеһ

ʱ¥ڵʿҲϳ죬ʱ䣬ɫ
Ǹ죡
⡭׼һĴ׷ɱѰ䣬Ȼ
ⲻ𣿣
һ˵ۡ
طϹŰ׼һСݵ㣬ǿ߾УĶʶ죬߸۷壬˿̣Ȼһ󲿷ʿĿ࣬㵱ʯôɵôˣ
৵𣬵¥Ӱζܿʮǿ߽Χ
Щˣǰ׼Ұڴ˵صǿˣʮˣʮ˴ղΣʮ˴ʶ磬ľ񶼺ʢһ֪ǳǿ
λѣ֮ǰ£⣬Ұ׼Һܿ콫ѹ

ΪϹżһСݵߣʮĵ
䣬ʱа׼ǿ߳죬ʶ۷塣
ֱ̧֣һƣĵķѣ¥ĵȾѪ졣
һһʶ۷ʿ
ʲôѵתɣ
µǣ
ļ¡
ʱһ֣һ󽣷׼ҵ¥Ĵȫرա԰׼ˣԵ򶨣ݣ˵ǿƣλѣ֮ǰ£⣬ˣֻ԰׼ҵˣͰ׼޹صˣűɡ
ȻһʿԷ㶣ֻǷһһ˴׼Ҿݵ㣬԰׼ʮǿߣһ۷ǿߣȻ˵ȻЩ˼ʶǿ⻰Ҳʵ̫Դˡ
ƿСն
ŭЦ
䣬ܣһ׼ʿ볯ѹȥ
Ȼһ̣˱ɫô£ҵԪأˣ
ҵҲǣ
似ʩչͨӲУ
ʲô
׼ɫԱ䡣
ݣһâǱɫ˿̣ԪܹȴޱȵĻңʩչͨ似չ
ͬһʱ䣬ʿ˶оԼԪˡ
ô£
˾š
죬ɫɭ㣡ʲô
ʲôûбҪ㡣һЦһУתˣλԭزҪžͺáֻɱ׼ҵˣ֮У˭ҪǸҶɱеĽ۾
һʿʱɫʱ紫ȺնˣʮɣǿɢޣϹżˣɥκ顣˿̣ЩʿԪԱ̣Ȼﻹ˸Ҷ
Ͷˡ
Ц
ƫͷ׼ʮǿߣһκԥֱնڰ˽
㡭
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮмʶİ׼ǿߵѪС
찵ԪʮŷԪȱԪ󣬱ữ壬ɫζںڿУάҩЧӡڣͨɾµʿȿԪᷢңֱӱ̣Ӷʧȥս
˿̣¥ڣ˶˻зԪĿ󲿷˵Ԫ̣ǿ񣬴۷壬ɴʱԪҲǱޱȻңͨ似˳ķӳֻǿ߱ս
㵽ʲôɵֶΣ
ʼŭ
ɣǰ׼ңΣ
Цһǳǰгֱնȥ۵һ㽫˵ͷ­նԭ˵Ϊյڶ죬˷ԪԪọ̈̄ս͹ȣĶ֡
һһ׼ǿǰȭ¡
ۣ
ǿνܾˣճڵİ׼ǿҵķѡ
һߣ彣ȷɨƬ⡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ҽԪ󣬰׼ҵͨʶʿֵܹסǿķܶѣһȺ󱻹ᴩ࣬üģѪС
ס֣Ҳ
ס֣
ˣǰ
ҽ໥ڣѪˮһ
ⷽ¥ڣ׼ʿ£ɫһƬ԰סϹŰ׼ҵľݵ㣬Ƭ˲֪ɴ˿̣ԭ׼׷ɱһʮ꣬ȴǹ˵أ֣תɱ˶ʮ׼ǿߣһ˼ð
ֱǸħ

ŭһǿд߶ƣԪң졣
Ц߳ͬƣƾڵ״̬ҲҶߵ໥ײԪɢʱԶǚiڰ׼һճǿǰ
㡭
ۣ
쳤һ潣ֱ߳ն˵ͷ­


347 
תۼ䣬һվ˱նŭ㡣

ǿг޾еһȻԪȴޱȻң㡣
ȻһЦǚiһǰѹȥ
Ƚ㣡
ԪЧ޷ά̫ãֶ룬һȱҩЧȥǸʱô۷İ׼ǿߣƻᱻڴ˵ء磬֮壬ݻȪһУŰֱն˹ȥ
һն飬ͬʱԶ
㡭
ӿѪɫĶ졣ԭ۷壬ò죬ڣԪ֮£ֻǿ߱صսͨ似õʩչһնˣǷŭǱ
һ䣬ٴγǰȥ
ﬣ
ȪУԥٴն¡
߶ƣȻȴãһͱնˡ
һһؿڣٴκɡ
ˣ
ӣ
ģ
׼ŭӶɱ
ȻԪ£Щ͹ȣһвҲûС
ӽһİ׼ǿ߿ѪпѪˮ쭡
㡭㣬
֮ˣαطϻ

һֱӽ˵Դն¡
ˣ
â˸𣬳ǰѹȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫը׼ǿߵ֮顣
ûʱǣ

һ߶һƬ׺ߵӰվ
Ȼ
׼˾ŭӡ
˶֪ǰ׼չ󣬿ɺСɱУһ˾Ȼ߶ǰ׼ʥӵԸǣ
ɱǣǲӦþú𣿡
쵭Į
һߵӰӶ׽ɨȥ
̼䣬׼ǿըڵһЩ¥ǵ顣
ӣס֣
ŭ
ƫͷЦֱӴ߶ѹ¡
ն㣡
˿磬Ȫһѹ¡ͬһʱ䣬ȱɽӣ֣Ҷݺ£Ƭ羡ϣһѺ۳ӿȥ
󣬰ڿѪ׼ҲŹ㣬ˣ
һһ׼ң׼ûʲô˲𡣡Ц׼棬ǰ׼ҵ֪޹ҵ׻ʲôĺ
㡭
ۣ
ѹ£㽫ķѡ
ⷽ¥ڣ׼ʿļ£ɫ΢סһ۷ǿߣϹż壬ȴô򵥾ͱնˣ
ƫͷ׼ļˡ
ﬣ
Хһڰ˽ֱն
ҽ𣬲δ̫ãԼʮ󼸸׼ǿ߾ն
ȥⷽ¥ڣѪˮһأ߲ʬ׹ڵϣԵôĿġ
¥ڣһڰ׼ʿļ£̲סֻоǰֲ̫ˣֱһħ
ЩˣλǿˣģҲǶ֡
ԣһһʿȫ˳ȥ
쵭ĮһЦ𶯣ӰȻ䵽ɶߡһ׽ӰУһ𿪣նķѡ
̳ա
ûжԻȥݣ˲ϢԶȥ
⡭
Ǹˣֱֱ
̫ˣ
׼ⷽ¥⣬߳ʿļ£ɫ԰סնɱ˰׼Ҵˣǽ¥һٵһ
ܿ죬˾֪󣬸ޱȡ
Ȼôˣ
ļ¡

뿪츺Żۣú󣬳ںԴİ׼Ҿݵڡ
㣿
ݵİ׼߱ɫ
ң·
쵭Ц
һ𣬻ֱѹˡ
׼źһ׷ɱʶСʿȻҴ׼ҵľݵҺĿΪʡȥ˼Ѱʱ䣡
𣬺ܿ죬ͻҵĿˡ
Ц
׼һ£
ʮ׼ǿߺΧϣȻһ̣˽ԱɫǿڣȫȻͣ
ҵԪأ
ôôоԪˣ
似ʩչ
׼˾䡣
ߺݵڵİ׼ʿҲǸɫ
һЦƵᣬֱչ

ҽܿ
ѪƬ¥ڽ䣬Լȥӣҽ׼ʮˣǿߣǿߣһЩͨʿʮʶǿߣȫնɱΨ۷߻ҲǴԵ
ڣɻҵĿ
ۡ
㡭
ۣ
ͻһѹ£ֱӽ׼ǿķ顣
鵭Įⷽ¥ﳤȥֻһĿһеİ׼ʿ͵վڵ¥⣬ɫ԰ףסĵ
뿪Դûãһ֮ǰֶͬʮŷԪ׼ľݵ㳹Ѫϴǽ¥顣
ĮһЦŻۣת˲ȥ
⡭
ϹŰ׼ңȻ
ˣֱֱǸӣ
һЩĿ̵ʿľֻüһ㺮ˡ
ܿ죬Ϣͬ˳㴫ݿȥϹŰ׼׷ɱһʮ꣬ںԴ׼طľݵȫٵݵһڰ׼ǿȫնһӵʱ𶯡
ҵ죬ļٵģ
̫ܰɣ
ǣ׼ݵвǿǿߴ۷ΣǸ죬˵ֻʶ죬ʶѣôһ
԰
ģԣǼݵˣԪˡ
Ԫ̣⣬ģ
ϻԶ׼
ۡ
вŵ˸ϵƬڣǼ˱ٵİ׼ҾݵԼնɱİ׼ǿߵĲʬѪҺ¶ļ֮ɫ
⡭
׼ҿϹŴȻ죬ҹȻư׼ң
Ҫ׼ΪУ
˵ۡ
׼ңϹʱж£Ƭ򳬹£һȻ˸ðȻһʮ꣬׼һӶ
̫ˣ
˶¡
ڶʿľ
ͬһʱ䣬׼Ҹŭ԰׼ҴʼƬ޾£˸ð׼ңûУȻʿɽҲңһʮ꣬ʶΪȻֱɱ׼ľݵȥݵ㳹׵٣նݵа׼ˣ
ϹŰ׼ҵϣ
ҳն
Ƥƣ
ץУǳ꣬ȥĹǰ
׼һǿŭѰټҪ֮Ϲǡ
Ҳһ죬һƬĴϣڼ׼ǿǰ
ң
ϹŵЦ⡣


348 ׼߽
֣׼Ҽһǿ߽ɫһ䡣
㾹ҳǰ
һ˺
Ц׼ļݵ㶼Ҵʲô
첻м
ǰоŸ׼ǿߣֻһ˴ճڣ˽ʶ
ûκζĻһչˡ
ʣһûսתۼ䣬˸ʶʿնճڵİ׼ɫ԰ףǿնϣϧտһͱնͷ­
Įɨ۾˵ʬֱת뿪
ʱһƬǰ׼һȺʿնɱѪȾر
ҵ죡
ĿһĻĻֻĸζҪˡ
һۣȺʮ׼һʿǰЩѰİ׼ǿһһնɱδһˡоð׼Ҹŭһİ׼ʿӷĴѰ٣Ҫҡ
⻻ģǰ׼һʬ
ͬһʱ䣬һ𣬴һƬд
׼ҵ϶ǣһʵʵؼϳȥǧҪųܣҼһɱһɱһ˫
һ˲䴫ڶ˽ľ˫ֱɣ˼֮ɫ
һʮʶСʿ㹫ȻаϹң
̫ˣ
˵һ
ܷڵڶ޵ʷŨһʡ
˵
ʮ꣬ʶأȴҹһ˽аϹңһˣ˭ǣ

ն
֮أ׼ڣб𣬰ڵŭɱ
һ죬߸Ӱ׼߳ΰǱǷѪľˡ
ͷ­
׼ڴص񷡣
˽Įһʧ

Ϣܿɢ׼ŭһֳˡ
׼߽ܣǰƺݺڶܹͬ⡣
˽ԴյڶأдԳƣ˶նɱǿߡ
ȷ
Ȼȷഫ׼ͬΨѹˡ
ϻǿ壬ͬͨɾ£Ͼ޵еĴڡ
˵죬Σӡ
׼߽ĵ˺ѻȥ
Ϲңⲻǡ
ҡͷ
һƬɽ䣬紫ţ˫΢΢
յڶΪȴնǿߣȷʵǿ󣡡ԶǴűЦ߸˽棬׼Ӧûݺһɡ
΢һԭʧ

ڶ鲼ɽӣΪԣһЩͨУżҲܼͷǿޡۣɽУּ߹һ䣬úһĽͣ½ŲڲԶһʯϡ

紵һƬƬɳ
вʿΪôǿҲʶ졣
ܿ죬һʱȥ
Զһ߹·˽ԲĿȥ
ʣ׼߽֮һ
Ϣǿ
֣ôֻһˣһӼ߳𣿡
׼߽ܺεĸֻ֮׷ѰɱһʶʿܻͬУ߳ŵʱ͸Է˿
˵
Űæ˵һߣΪ·
ɫĮ·ûһˣֱӳǰȥ
ʱһ𣬻潣űߡ
⣿˭ڶ֣
Ȼ׼߽ܵ·
𣡡
ɢľ
ɫһ޸ı䣬ƫͷŽâնķȥ
ܣδ䣬ȷ
һ
ԶĻʯϣվƿۡ
ǣ
ǡǸ죿
ô
ڣһɢ޽Զݡ
죬ĮͫлһĨĹ⣺ң
һʱͷ­һá
쵭Ц
ԣһ˽Ծ
׼߽ܳҪɱһȻ߽ܣɱˣ
⡭
̫ˣ
ľ
ͬеǰš
䣬ʲٶԣ졣
ÿ죡
ٶȡ
ǰ׼ҵi
Ⱥ
ܼ֮İʵĻӰԷһ棬һǼ١
΢ŲһΣҲǶˡ
һһӰŴǰУתۼҲܼӰ
һĻʿһ볯ȥ
켫ٶȣܼĻӰһ̣˭˭٣ʱʱһ۾ܼӰλۡ
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷʱ߸Ӱ飬Ӱ뵹ɡ
ʶ죬ȴǺٶȣֲҰ׼ôС

Ҳǰ׼Щͨվϲǿ̫ˡ

΢ȷʵǿǣٶȣܾˡ
һϢȻ⣬̶ֻȶѣȥˣժͷ­Ӣ顣Ԫɢһ̣һɸߵӰӰܼĴ֣һۿȥۻҡ
ǡ
ѵ
Ӱܼ֣ûдǰ׼ҵĺ֮ͨһǧ֣
˵ֱֻϵʸɽܿ£
û
ʿݡ
ʿ粽Ӱ֮Ұ׼ҴгأϹʱƬ񣬴δ˸ƣѡϣΨһ֣ն
䣡
Űʻ䣬Ӱˡ
Ȼ䣬ӰһܼĴӡһѹ䡣
һʱоĪѹ˿һֱӽ֮ǰѹȥ
磿ȻĻᣡ
⡭
еѪͨ
ʿ󾪡
ȻЩۼ̲ס𾪡
ζһһңӭ֡
ʱ䣬񱩵ԪϯʮÿŤ
ֻͨᣬݳĲֻˣж٣

Ż䣬Ӱ𶯣ܼĴӡ¡
һѺۣ鿪һ̻ɢ
üٺˡ֮ǰݻÿÿңȻ˿ȴˣЩľʹǿǰ׼߽ܡ
Ҳȳ̶Ȱˡ
ʵ
Ӱһ޴ӡѹ˷ԲڵһС
̫Ϊǣ

߶ݻȪһӡնķѡ
ɫĮӰһ𣬸Ĵӡѹ¡
һ죬ľȪֱӱ顣
Ĵɽӣ֣ȴãһδα顣
ǧ޾һжͽֶͣζᱻ飡
ʵ
ܣǚiʮԶ
ǾֶΣ

˵һһͼֱ۶


349 ߿ͷ­
ͼһ𣬵ԣǰӭȥ
ã
ʱĮ
ûã˵㡣

ֳŵͼ΢΢һӭǰ
͵һǧӰܼ֣ʱдƬɢϢʧ
ŵͼ֮·һӡһͨʡ
ʶݣæˡ
Ȼҵ֮ͨ⣬٣䣬ʳ˿һӰĶȴǸ죬Ĵӡѹ£·ǧִһ㡣
ͼʱоѹ
ͼɷӡһУ̫ǿˣ֮ͨ޾һӡֶǼΪ׿񣬹ɱʮ㣬ڶʱڽ֮ȫ

һеͼһѺۡ
춯ݣٺˡ
һ̣о˰ʵĿ£׼߽ͷ治ǽнжѡ
лңժͷ­壬һ󹦡
ʵ
ŰʵĿ粽ǧӰ֮ӡٴѹ
ͬͷ­һãٸ׼һݾϲ

Ϊǣ
ߡ
һӰùâʢһβٽֻǴӡȭƣָȫͬʱһЩǧôϾǶԪенӣжܣ״аԪ
Զʿݣǧ֣˵ͨ޵º󣬿һǧõıǿ˫һɱһɽʾȻѾͨ޵˾磬ѾԻûˣǡ£
׼߽ܣնǿߣԲ飡
ֲܿ
Ⱥ㤡
оŴ˿̰ɢƣٴκˣ±ͨ
̬ǿߣ£㲻ԩ
ʵ
粽ϣɫĮǧ붯ˣѹ졣
˼ԪŤա
Ϊɱң

磬Ȫֱǰѹȥ
˵ˣͽ͵򱦱ã
ʵ
ǧһƬ̼ǽѹķ顣
Դˣ첢⣬̧˫֣ٴνӡһΣһʯ̨һʯڣʯϣһйⰻȻ׭תĪѹ
ʲô
ÿµѹ⡭
ôоͨɾǿһ
ʿļ¡
ʯ̨ʯڣһ˽һ
ͬһʱ䣬͵
̼ѣʴȭӰֱӷ˴Ƭ
ǣ
ʱɫʯ̨ʯڣȻһļµĸо
ɫĮһŰѹȥݻ̵֮ϢֲޱȣȻǼȴɾĪܡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
첻ϣһΣǧٻݻʯ̨ʯڡ
ʲô
ʺȵ
ʱ׼߽֮һˣɫ
ЦԲǚiһչٶͽȻһ˲ƽʡ
ԭһӰiٺˡ
ٶȣ㲻У

ǚiһչ˲׷ϰʣͷʯ̨ʯһѹ¡
飡
ʴ
ǧӰ𶯣ܼĴַ졣
ʯ̨ʯӭǰֻѪҴܣѪ
򣡡
ĵ
һʯ̨ʯһѹС
ʿѪźˣǧӰֱӱ顣
ʱѾٴѹϡ

ŭȡ
ǧӰεضһΣдӡӰѹ
о˸ǿѹڸ°졣
֧Ŷã

ʯ̨ʯӭϣͬһʱ䣬չͼȵͼŴֱңݺݳǰѹȥʯ̨ʯڿ·ͼںһѹĴӡӰ鿪ʧ߱˽һ
粽ѵĳŰʱƽ
ˣʮɱһͨ·ŲһΣʽǰ
㡭
飡
ȭݺһڰʵϡ
ʺɶԶӰʱ鿪ɫһ䣬סΣӡһչ󽥽µǧӰ
룡

ٸǧӰĻᣬǚiչ˲ƽ
һһȭֱڰؿڡ
ͷѵٴκɿȥ
絶Ųһ磬ٴαƽݺһȭ¡
ŭ𣬾ȭӭ
ߵȭͷײһ𣬰ʶʱһƺߣָ飬һκɡ
⡭
׼߽ܣ˵ǿᣬСڸҩУǿȽʯ񣬾Ȼв죿
죬ѵ𣿣
һʿļ¡
ʱѾٴαƵǰٴλȭѹ¡
һΣչȫֱӽʵһֱ顣
ʹߣһֱۻӳƣӭȥ
ۣ
ȭһֱҲ˿
ʴб鲼Ѫ˿ʱ˫۱ϣǲi졣
Ѫԣ޵κΣΪС
һʹ죡
гƷ֮չֱӸ°ʵͷ­
Ѫ𣬰ʵʬ嵹£׹ڵء
ͷһۣʵͷ­Įﳤȥ
ˣ
ǵѪ
⣬⣬⡭
׼߽ܣʣȻնˣ
죬ʲô˰ôôǿʶذ
һ촽ֱ¡

ڶŨεһƬ
նʣۿ粽ɽ֣úڶ׼߽ܣһҵĴս󣬽ͷ­ն£뿪
һƬԭϣնˡ
֮⣬ѾˣһѪɽˡ
ڶ죬߳ɽٴγ֣Ⱥն˺͵ˡ
죬һߣӰһǰһ󣬽ǻȾѪȻٶȴ졣
ǡ죬ƺ׷ɱǰꣿ
ˣǰӻ
ӻ⡭˵߽ǿһ˰񣬾Ȼӣ
һҿˡ
⡭
ߣһʿ˫ĿԲ
ӻն۷壬˺ǿߣȻˣ
λһѹӣҰ׼ұк񱨣
ӻ
ʿܶ࣬ʱܹﵽ׼ǿߣЩʿƸԥĳȥطȴûһ˸ҶֱӵͷûпЦʱȺնɱˣǿɢޣдͽǻٵ׼ݵ㣬ն˰׼߽еˣ鴫ڶ£˭ȥȫ
ǰӻɫ࣬־ŭ

iӻӶݡ
߲ˣ

ȾѪǚiʩչޣʮ׷ϰӻ
죬ס֣ǿ
£ȥ
飬ֱӹᴩӻ࣬ͷ­ն¡
ӵĮɨܣʯȡܵͷ­һ߿ͷ­ᴩһ𣬶ڽߵһƬϡȡһԪڵһд֣ڶݴ񣬲л졣
ɨһۣת뿪


350 Ե
ߣˮ죬ײһЩʯϣѩ׵ˮˡ
߿ͷ­һᴩڵ棬ǰһдָǴĿڶݴ񣬲л족ʶʱоһӽŵ׳ͷ­
ˡ
Ȼٰ׼ݵ㣬ն׼߽ܣǰ󣬱ݴ񣿡
ֱǺݳ׼ҵ
ƺĶ
ޣˣ
˵
׼߽ܸǿޱȣһ콾ټļУֻѹˣǰ׼һѪڣ߸˽ܣһȫնɱ
ܿ죬ϢԽԽǰΧۡ
߿ͷ­ŵһп֣˶˫ۡ
ҳô󣬻ûôˣ
ǸҲǡ
⡭
һ˵ۡ
ڶ˭֪ϹŰ׼ҵϣ˭ҴϹŰ׼ңǾƬһͷͻһͷһʶСʿһˣûκǿĺԮȴƽаϹŰ׼ңٴδ𶯡

׼أһŭ𣬾Щɹ˵صİ׺ɢ

׼νŭ㡣
ݵ㱻٣⻹㲻ʲôð׼޹ѣ߽ܱɱȴ˸оۡ˸Ƿʾˣǰ׼δĶˣһնɱ⣬ʧ̫ˣ
ǣն׼߽ܺ󣬾˵ͷ­ᴩڴϣһп֣ð׼ͷֱð̣׼һҲǸɫÿֻоջۣ·ıݺݳһơ
Σնӣ
һ
ʼֻΪ׼Һҵ⣬Ҫն죬ڣ߼ߵ˶棬ǰ㲻ɱ죬ʵҲ㲻ʲôڲˣǲն죬׼ҽʧΪЦ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
쳹׼Ͽգɱľˡ

ڶǴˣÿһ䣬ÿһط¥ڣ˵̯ӣ˶ڼҵۣ۵ģΧ֡졣
ֿˣô°ֱǡ
ʮ꣬޼У˵޼κԴ
һˣһԮȫԼôôǿ󣿡
˭֪أ
̬
ҡͷ
У˾̫ſ˾ʮ㣬ȴľ𺳡
Щ˲٣ȴ⡣
뿪һƬ֣׼ǱУٶȴﵽʶأյﵽվ硣⼸գ߽ܵս˲ٶоڵԪԸ˳ЩԼٴνס
ֻпվƬ򡣡

âӼ죬ú
ּ䣬ȸУԵñ߷ζ
쵭ЦӸЩѰ֮ɾһ̣䣬ʧһж
켹һ⣬ͣ½Ų
ǰվһӣ絶ӵĮ·һжС
ʲôˣ
ͳ
ӣһĪв·㡣
Ӳش𣬳ǰ粽絶ˣһ
ʲô
ü
ر
Ӻֱӡ
΢衣
䣬תһȥ
৵һϢǰһȻС
ʱ䣬һɰԵĵɢƵһiԶһ̣һɺ⣬ӿȥҲͶʮһңȴǿľˣǹĵһԵֵĸо·һ۷ǿߡ
һսʤرҡ
ӵһĮһе̬
ƾʲô
Ц
ûѡء
ӵ
ɫԺȴǲòϣڣȷʵûѡ
Ϊǰӣ̫ˡ
Ӷ죬Ҵ죬ǣռһˡ
䣬гϵϢʱ͡
תۼѣϵĲʹü
ʶء
ӵ
䣬Ӳٶ˵ʲôޱһն졣
וּһֱѿˣһɫĴѷ졣
ɫܣȴЩҼ类һѪڣѪʱӿ
ǿ
а
ʱ˿̣ܹоȷʵΪѹƵʶ죬ͬһǣԷսľһ֮ʶʿնһ۷ǿҲȻն
ⲻָһһֵƣһּΪµĵƣ
һն£ƺһУĽŲٶΪ֮˲١
ɫĮԲһն
ﬣ
̶ĵϯգδʱʮķѡ
춯ݣ˫ֻǰѹȥ
䣡
߶飬ҲǾʹ鿪ʧΡ
ӵĮ֪޿ɱܣŲһΣֱӭϡ
ȻѾԽ磬ǾԸſ£

ǚiһսٶȿ켫̼ںǰֱһȭѹ¡
˵һ·һʥı˰㡣
治ɫǻȭӭǰ
飡
ֻȭͷײһˡ
оֻۣɵЩȣ·ϣÿնļǣǿƥ˿ɶԿӵȴƺѷɫȭ·һ۶ɣ᲻ɴݡ
棬һĨ⣬ܿʧ±Įǡһչȣһ쫷磬̼ٴγǰг飬һؿնȥҪնն
ˣгƷʩչʽӭϡ
һײһϯܵľƬ
ֱۣٴγԼ䣬֮
սƷ׻֮ӿϣУǰնȥ



ײ⣬ն˵档
۵һ츹һʱ䣬Ѫˮͬһʱ䣬Ҳһҧʹϣһȭںؿڣ֮ɶԶ
ﬣ
⣬ĵ𣬺վѪɫȴ仯
৵һ񵶣Եĵ֯ն졣
ɫڰ˽ն˫ֽӡ߶ȪһУԿն¡
䣡
һ˵ײԲڵľ̼ȫ飬鲼Ѻۡ
뵹ɣԿӿѪ
סΣи֮ǰ׼߽һսоĺǿɴ˿̣˺ӶԱȣȻ߸ν˽ֱܼӡ
ѪɫȴĮֳֵ񷡣
ﬣ
ʱ䣬ܼĵӰ֣鲼ܣÿһƬ·𶼾Լʶ


351 Χɱ
ɫʱо˾޴ѹһвС
ˣ
øӿ񱩣ˡ
ͷֻŵһɳŸ߿ȥ
һɿֲƣ
ӵֳֵһѹ£ʱ䣬еĵɱ
춯ݣǚiܣȻһƬƬ·ľԼʶβռ䶼ѳһ˿Ѻۡ
ۣ
ֱ۱նһ˿ڣʱҵʹС
Щ⣬оĲǼ򵥵似
ͨ
ܣ˫ֽӡ߶Ĵɽͱ֣ң֮˫ֱøӳأһʯ̨һʯڸ߿ա
䣡
ʯ̨ʯһʱ䣬һɺ嫵Ĳɢһ鿪ȥ
Ӷݣɫ
וּһгһչٴαƽĵѹ¡
䵭ͷʯ̨ʯڣǳͼٴλӳƷ



໥ײ뽣󣬿ֲĲһδεɢ
УԪ֮⽦䣬ʱʱڶԷһѪۣʱʱڶԷһȭȴԽԽʢǿĲһӿȥ
Уܾˢˢıӡ
ͬһʱ䣬⣬ʿʧɫ볯
ʲô
ڴս
⣬ǿĲ
ȥ
ߣ
ܿ죬˳ȥ
ú˸ϵǰ˵ս¶ľ֮ɫ
Ǹ죡
һˣ˭ǿ
ôսһ𣿣
˽Ծ
ͺսһȻǲȺϵȻ˵ı鶼û˿ı仯սȼգһһײһ𣬿սϯ˻ġ
ﬣ
һ𳤵ؼܼĵ׷ȥͬᡣ
ȵ£նΪ֮Ťƺһ̾ͻԶϵʿľĵֱֲ̫ˣϾﲻơ
ͷʯ̨ʯڣʶֹâʢѹһС
ˣ
ͼһе⡣
һ̣ٴγ嵽һȭײ棬Ĵضɵûζ
ۣ
һ£նںؿڡ
Ȼͬһʱ䣬ӵĳҲͷ۰пֱӱж
ֻǣ˵ıȴûб䣬෴Ӹ財
ﬣ
ﬣ
뽣ХѪӿѪȴǿĳԷ
⽣Ӱ֯͵ͨײֱʮ˷ͣ¡
ݵĽ棬Ƭֱ鲼ѺۣԲʮڣҲѰһõء
áÿֲ
ˣǱ̬
ֻ
Զһ˶ˡ
ֲսһľ̫ڿˡ
Ŵų΢΢ЩŶĺӡ޵·ͬѹСսҲо̫ѹڣӽΪѹƵͬһΣȴһ˼شԪһ롣
棬ѪǸ˾ɫ
ֻɲǼѣһ̣еľɫʧһɸӿֲƳ˳һüĹâʢԼ䣬һƬɫظ֣ϲ˲һĵϵÿһɢſֲ⡣
ɫоһʹС
ʶ󣡡
һ
üķ⣬һƬĴأΣʶɣ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶʿҲǸɫ̲סݺݵҺ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ӶŵĴܼĴ󵶰εضɭ
һ̣ܼ𶯣ɱ졣
оüۣiˡ
üһƬֺڰɫǰӭȥ
ʶ
ӶݣȴǱø䣬Ĵ󵶳𣬳նȥ
𶯣һܼƮǰ

һ걻£δնȥ
ͬʱһ󵶴ѹ
ɫ΢䣬ܣƿȥ
ȻͬΪʶĵԵסҵ˫

ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ͷʶ󣬵ĴغգһŭһС
˸âսѪڣֱӭϡ

ҡҷһƬƬڰÿһƬ궼·һ
⣬⡭
ǿ
ڰ䣬֯죬ȻֶΣ
Ǻӣͷɽ򣬼ֱһ񣡡
ƺʶ죬ǣ⣬ս
ľ
һ̣ȻһЩǿɢҲɵöݣһŨŨУЩ˸оԼ˴˿̳ȥ˲ͻᱻɱ

ǿ߿Ц
ǰֲһʶײռ䶼Ϊ֮ζ
˵һƬ絶罣ٴγ嵽һ



ʶ໥ײеĵ뽣ҲڲϽ档
ȣ
ѪһᴩѪ
пᣬӭŵϣгն¡
Գ£ȻȭͷҲͬһʱ䵽ˣؿڡ

ͷѵǿѪˡ
ֻǣ˵ȴԽԽԽԽ䡣
ǿԪӿתۼ䣬ٴγһ໥ɱԷ
һۣһӹȥ
䣡
Ԫ񱩣ӰײһԺɡ
ȾѪɫ԰ףڴŴԪҪݽߣʶ鿪֧šһߣҲûкõȥ飬ؿڱѪˮȾ죬԰һЩʶҲɢȥ
˶Ŷ棬ǴڴϢǣȴȵ񣡱Ƚ
⡭˶ൽˣ
ڣҪĶԾ𣿡
ƺֻһ֮ˣ
ҺĶǰ´κһϸڡ
ȲεĴսɲԿĶԾˡ
𶯣â˸
Ⱥƣе
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһ֣ͬʱԷ
еĽϣ׻âƣⱩǣھŽȻһ̣ɫһ䣬һգٳźȥ
ͬһʱ䣬üֹסŲ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮӲԶֱ֫
ٶȴǿ켫նյıܿʮ֧
ǲ
һϷŰ
Զ߳ʮӰΪ׵һ꣬ļΪӢϢҲǿ

һϳ˻꣬ǲǰ޼Զĵˡ
ԶʿҲϳһ˵¶ɫ
ƺҵˡ
ңҩʦ֮һң
ԡ
С


352 Ԯ
һˣɫɭû뵽ҵ˾Ȼ׷
˵⣬Ȼ
ø￴򣬽ջѹץѻᡣ
Ц
ʮ˸ɫһӵܡ
Ҳ׷ɱ죿
֣Ϊʲô
ѵҲΪر
С
΢еյĸһ֣һսڵܲãԪѾһɣʱɱо˴Σա
ȴǺ¶̬
׼߽ҶɱˣƾȺҲҳǰѰ
˵
ߣװģǺǿڵ㣬۷ʱĶսܵסҵȣ˵ţһЦһߵĺӣЦҲ£һΣ֮£¿ȴȡҪĶٽ˽ҡ
Ѿ鴫ڶ׼߽ܶɱˣսǿȻڿȥǱϾձ԰ʱȴҲԵЩСġźһս䲻̫Էܹսڶ൱սȻǱŽ֣֮ϣƵţֻҪӵͷǰھѹ졣
һһĨ⣬ʱ˼ͦܡ
Ӷ죬г⣬ɭת
ǴѪȴǺĮ۴â
⡭
ǺһҲӸղŵοһսӦԷֳʤɴʱǺǺϣ㶨ʤ;ˣ
ǿˣƺҪˡ
˵
Цźӣ£˼Σģ⣬һѹ󣬶øѰԼҪĶٴ
죬ĮӦ
΢΢ü£ҵĻɡ
ﬣ
һնɫ䣬æһ󽣣һն¡
һ飬ǵŵŵŵĺˣһ˿Ŀʺ졣
ʲô˼
źӣ־ŭɫɭȻ
ӿһۣɫʼûб仯ĮĶ졣
ˡ
ôһ仰תԶȥ
Ȼܾң
⣬ôõĻᡭ
ӣΪʲôսһģ
֪
֡
˲졣
һĨâۺӵıӰԵȴ䡣ƫͷһߵ΢ӵԪҲǿľˣղһƾȶɫôܽӵ
ˣ
еһûԥǚiһչٳԶȥ
ڵԪҪݽߣֱһȺˣΣա
٣ˣ
˽е
һɨۺ뿪ıӰ˲ȥѰ𣬺ȵ׷
ʱ䣬ವƿһȫķ׷ȥ
ӣ
˺ȵ
ɫأӸЩߡ
ƽЩҵӣУ٣ɱ٣ȴУһս̫صˣԪɿݣսȫʢʱڵһɣʮʶʿһ
ﬣ
нնűߡ
һ˺ܿ׷˴߶𣬾ֻͼĻɫʮ˾һǵȹǺȵ¶Ŀ
˵һһչìĲӡ
ܿץסⳤìһȭӳ
㡭
ۣ
Ȼشǿȴû٣һ˸ֵס
СģǿᣬҪ
ȵ
һǿˣǵλȴ˿վΧ
ɨһгìһɨһƬٴγԶȥ
עڽӣ
Ц
һ£һ˵ٶȸ죬ɺΧ֮Ƴ׷ȥ
⽣ӰܼлɫӿӶ֮·
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
Զһֻֻɫļʸ
һìֱԶͶȥ
ìǿ֮𿪼ʸ۵һᴩһڡ
֮ûͣٴγԶȥ
Ӳˣ

ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ܼļʧٴѹͬʱǿ似£ɫһ䡣
Ԫ㣬ֻڵһܿЩʸɨ似֮⡣
䣡
ǿд߶ȭ⣬һȭһӵܡ
ԼҲǱתǶһƬ似֮ɨУ϶ʱѪۡ
ʱһѾΧ
ͱ˻صһϣ𶯣⽻֯
һеıһǰҵնɣͬһʱ䣬һҵӵĳìȴǴĸӦ죬ֱӾͻᱻһᴩȻˣһܡ
ɫ䣬סìһì˵ͷ­ն¡
벻ȻᱻôһȺұƵ˵ز

һնԥٴγȥ
ܴ˿ЩǺԲս
ʱһ·ӣϡԪ˵壬ȺնɱʮӵܣԼҲǶ˸˺ۣøǱ
Ӳҿӵʲôʱ򣡡
Ц
һڵӺΧϣɫ˷ܣоâ˸Ѿǿ֮ĩԿѹһѹؼ壬㽫Ǵһ
ȾѪȥ絶
Ҳҽް֮գ

ӭɵһʱ뵽˰׼ʱ֣һʱ侹ûɵһɺ⡣Ҳֻһ˲ѣһָ̣Ķ죺Ϊջӵóȥʵ㣬ҵվǿѾ·ϣû˿ߵĿԣ
һֱԶݡ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
һʱ䣬ƴ֮壬ٴնɱˣԼ˼ػȾѪ˿ѪˮȾ˲١
ҲʱһǿԪӶ콵һԸ߿
壡
ϲ
ҵվǿߵˣž˵ĵΪһǿƷҩʦ
ĿһɨлһĨâͷĲ
˵䣬ƫͷס졣
ʵʵһȥ㲻Ƥ֮࣬ǵõҪĵ󣬻һʹ죬ͷ­׼ҡ
Į
ͷأɫȴǲ䣬һĨŨŨĳõɱǲõЩ֣֮֮˳Žҵͷ­׼ңܻϹżһ飬ҵạ̊́
ߣ˵ʲôֱӳȥ
ҧڵ״ޱ⣬ܵסվǿߡûԥһ̤棬ֱӳԶȥ
ӣ
ֱ֣ĳһӡ
ɫҧֵǱƷȥɶԶһѪڶ
ǰĮѶαشԼҿͷԡ
վֻλʹ̡
ǿסˣ֧˵壬ٴγԶȥ
ߣ
һỊ̃һչֱӳץȥ
ԪӿһƣǽȫС
٣
ˣ

һ˴Цʱ죬·ڿһԼأǿһʬ
ɫһƬ
شԪɿݣӭս

ҧء
ʱһƷһʮɶԶ
һںɫеӰ֣Ը߿£ǰ
ߣ
ͳӶڴ
ʱɫһ䣬ϤȻ޼


353 
һ˴󾪣û뵽ʱȻֱʡ
ʲôˣ
Զ߻أǴһ˿ѪɫԵú
£޼Ӧ촫˵һǸϣܹúûȥߣ
ü΢΢ȭ
л
˾䣬žʹԶȥ
üͷһߣ£
ʱ䣬ҵļ볯׷ȥ
ﬣ
һ޼֣һնѵ棬һʮɳĽֱۣһǰ
˿ֲһʱ˽Աɫͣ˽Ų
ǺˣΪΪУ

򵥵һ꿴˶µ˵ǿԶԶսʤ
޼ֻǺǰͬǵһ㡣
Ҫƿȥ׷죬ϧȴ
£ǲΪУ

޼ڣǶԭأһ֣סˡ

Ѿ߳ԶúѰһεڣʯȡһЩҩУ漴תļʼ޸塣
һΣĳ޼ˡ

޼ϵԻᱻߣ֣Ψһ
뵽꣬뵽ңʱñ
һȫתļڵıƺܿԻ⡣
أٽգ

лһĨâһһתļ
ϴҲı䣬֧ߵվͷʱһöļתʱõٵ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱʯеһЩȬøǿЩ
ʱɫѾ쳯⿴ۣȻվںҹԶȥ
޼ȻסˣȴһֱţѾƬдãƻָΪ˰ȫתƵһطȽϺá
ҹУ¹˴أ´Ƭԡ
뿪ãǿѰΪ׵һ˺Ȼ졣
˴ĺۼƺ뿪Ӧþˣ׷һҪҵ
Ϊ׵˵
ʱһȺǿߣٱС
ʱѾ뿪˺Զ߳Ƭ֡źۣںҹдУɽúһУѰһƬεڡ
Сĵɨܣֱȷһж⣬ŰȡüģϵԲ£ļתֱͶ뵽С
ˣ
â˸ʶУʶһķڣƺһڷա
ʶǴʶ
ֻнʶһĴ̶ȣһʱ䣬ſԿվ硣
ҹ£һһĴʶ
ЩȺս˲ٸǺӵһսдΪĶ࣬ľ֪׳˲٣ԪҲǸ˳磬Ⱦ£ΪҲǿʼɶ
ΣʺУ
Խ֯⣬ʶУ˫ҡҷһĹԡ
ȹԽ֯ʶУǣڵһʶ
֮Ĺ⻪ø
£ܿʶأȻյղΣ
лһĨâ
һоâٶͶ뵽С
â⣬ɢϢҲǿ
·һƻ磬Ҫһ𺣡

ڶһʿѰټڸɽзңڣһ˲ĸְæȻȴҵ
ͬһʱ䣬׼Ҳǿ߳Ĵ׷Ѱټ
ôһƬ㣬Ѱ
ǡ
ľЩΣա
ϻϣ¶ǵˡ
붼ÿ¡
ۡ
ڶ򼫴󣬰׼ҺҲ֪ƬѰһǴ룬ˣȴûоʹ˷ǰ׼ҵˣϴž˵ɱ⣬һЩɢԶԶһ۶ɵô򺮲
ʱţܿʮչȥ
ʮռ䣬׼ҺѰطҵһ˿˿ȻȴʼѰˡ󣬰׼һǸ޵紫ΪСֻ֪ҹ£Ա֡
ϧûʲô
ңǺջ

ڶһƬɽ䣬촩жѰһѨϥ¡
ʮռ䣬Ⱥ˼֮أÿÿնյĶ㿪Ѱˡ
ҿվһˣ

ļתһƣʶʱʼ
Ѿﵽʶ۷壬ֻһܽأ
£ĬĬתļȫʶڣʶøڡ
ȥƬʶøʶøӴ֮һ㡣
ܿ죬չȥ
䣡
һ죬һǿϢڳ
˫ۣص³һ
ʮտޣڿʶ졣
ʼһ
оâ˸
һʯȡһöĴָǴСıⱦɫӨ͸һǰͰҩʦȡõƷյȱΪ̷󣬿ʿʶĴﵽվ磡
ļȹʶصΪʹԪøƽͣյ¡
յʼһڣʱ䣬һŨķ㾶ֱɢֻоһůԼɢů·Ȫһ㣬ֱӹ뵽ʶڡ
ʱƽʶһ޴ķ粨ʶ̼ķ
ƷյΪһǴʶǿ̷ȱʶڵʶȫӻԾ·еĿˮ
ģʶԽԽǿԽԽ

˫ۣ³ɫɰ㡣
ʱ䣬һһš
̷յеıʶʹʶ·𱻼ڻԴ֮գһıôңУ;ѪԱþӨһɹůʶʹѪøǿ
յͬʱҲ壡
ܿ죬չȥ
֮ʶڱȫʶ±ƽͣ˫΢΢֮ҡҷ֮Ȼһֻоڷ·һų˿һ嫵ӿ˲鲼ȫÿһ䡣
˫ۣâ컺վ
΢΢ȭͷָ°죬ǿƱȽոӲ
ԪԼз֮ԪĻƺڷڣ
һüǿʶƺҪˣ
һ˫΢̧˫ž棬ڿն
ϣȥʮշУʮɸߵڡ
վ
˫ȭ
ʱ䣬յվ磬һ̣оԼȰǰǿʮֹǸӼ̣Ԫӻ񣬷·ʹΪҪǣһ̣ڰУһֳѷ׵ĸо
֮⣬֮ɫ
ȥĳЩ˵鷳ˣ

ƫͷ⣬һգһȥ
ˣ
ʱ𶯣Ȼһס
ûɵһɾ㤣·һ˫ε۾ס˰㣬ͨһƬ̧ͷգ֪ʲôʱ򣬷ԲڣձһƬںڵŨƻ۶·γһ޴У˸ž졣


354 
ںƲ۶˷ԲеĿռ䣬λۣһн֯ͬһˡ
ˣ
𶯣񷻮һĨ԰׵Ĺ⡣
ԵϢɢʮһ˲һļžѻȸ
ɫĺ⡣
һ̣оĴɽѹͷִĸо
ô£ʲô
ľ
ȻͨɾҲηɫڣŲ񷣬Ǵӱһɾ⡣
һҧûԥտٳԶȥҪ뿪ƵķΧ
ٶȼ죬һ۱ʮԶ
ˣ
𶯣ݺһ
գ캧Ȼķ֣ǴƵġ
Ƭƣ׷ƶ
·Ʋ˫۾ڶ
䣡
صӶһһ£һһ͡
˵һڣУһ
ֱͷȥ
ɫƷһԥնڰ˽
һƬҵĽ⣬ֱն񷡣
Ȼ̫ǿˣ·ͨɾǿʩչһֱ˷ڰ˽Ʒһ档
ȣ
Ѫ룬ҳһ޴Ѻۡ
վؿڱЩڣһȶҵʹС
Ų񷣬ļת޸塣
ܣҧٴγԶȥҪƬƵķΧȻʮòͣΪôܣٶж죬޷뿪ƵķΧȻ߳ԶҲǴƵλá

קȭͷɫԵЩѿ
ò׿վ磬ȴ뾹Ȼ̯ȹ£Īˡ
Ȼһ
⡭ѵϼһ˵٣Ų񷣬ҡͷԣϼһ˵ڿͨɾԪתĴӦ޵һ;֣ڲŸոտվѣôܻ٣
ˣ
˸ĸӴĿ
춢գɫԵЩࣺǣΣٻʲô
ʱһ𣬲øڣڶ
ɫһûиҴ⣬ֱӴ߶ӡ۳貵ͼµӭȥ
ͣ
һͼֱӱΡ
ɫʩչǚiܡ
Ȼ·۾һ㣬Ӷû˿壬ϡ
ɣһ˵ĸأؿѪģһζ

ҧ֧վ
ʯȡ˵Ԫֱ븹УתļϢ
գɫһƬ԰ףôԸţ˿Ҳòˣ⡭ȷʵ٣
վҵԪ仯һ˿ѣ٣ҡ
ҧгݡ
һ̣һĳ嶯
ٱ޵һ;֣Ҳ֪˶ˣŲŵʿڿͨɾʱ֮£֪жô¡춢Ų񷣬бܲζ˶ڽͨɾʱ٣һ㶼㹻׼Ǹʱ򣬱ʵҲǿʢ࣬ڣſվ֣Ϊûдﵽͨɾʵôǿһ˿ɽٵ׼ûУ
ֱǹ
䣡
ƷһΣӿֲϢʼ𣬳ʮ˷ɢ
һøӱ
Ǿ޴Уо·վһ羳ǿߣĶ׼ԵĹɱ
ˣ
ڣ죬
ǡһ׼ȷȥΪģԲʮɵķΧȫǣһƬܼ׹䣬ٶȿȥǿ͵ȴǺţźԶоʹڣµĵ濪ʼ鿪ˣʯܵǣŸ߿շȥǵķ顣
һɴƣĴƣ
б䣬ƬķΧֹס˽Ų
Ȼ֪٣Ǿ֪ӶݸûãҪôٻҪôٲҪô»ҽֻֽ֡

һҧֽ̧ӡĴɽӣܼ֡
һ볯Ÿ߿еӭȥ
໥ײ󿦵һ飬纣ֱӽ츲ǡ
ƴ۳ͼ֮壬Ȼȴûʲôã顣
ܼ׹䣬һʱѹ˴أܵһľ˲ϡ
һΣ췢ҽУȫˡ
ӿѪƬļýƲѪˮ
ѾĲӣڴϢɫޱȲ԰סվ磬ʵǿľˣ֮£ȴһ㷴ûС
ҧأţٴվ
ʱˣͷ˼ѪϣһͻҵʹСȻˣȴŲתļתޣʯеıƣֹѪ
ǲֻܵ
ҲŶɲȥ
ҧ
̷˴Ƭתļҵʹʱû˲١
ʱ˵һٴ
һƬ纣
䣡
ҧڳһɿ񱩵Ԫ
ٽӡݻ磬;Ȫǽ֮߶ǿͷϵ纣ӭȥ
߽棬ݺݵײһ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
Ƭĵ⣬֣ʱָѺۡ
̶ʱ䣬飬飬ȪҲûˡ
תֻۣе֮δ顣
ˣ
䣬ʶתʥԣײ
Ⲣû֧̫á
ſһݻĵ֮Ҳˡ
쫷ϯ׹䣬ٴν֡



飬ڽƿѪ⽦ڿС
ٴⴴѪܣĿġ
ˣ

״УһƬɫ罻֯ͬһͷͷд󣬷·Լһ㣬ܱߵռŤǵ飬һɫĿռѷ죬ɫĿռ
ͷ͵һ𣬲Ĳ
Ƭɫĵ纣ǻĹŴԻԶԶǰĴ׻Ҫֲ
󣬺һɫ纣ֱѹ
ҧгݣɫԵúѿ
㣡
һ̤棬˫ٴνӡһĿٻ
ˣ
һѪɫѷأԻѪţһ˻
ǵϾںڰɭֻʱչֵֶΣȼǵõʱѪɫѷʱĿֲܣ˵֮šһ̣֮ݻʱʮռҡǲµһ¡


355 Դ
Ѫɫѷһʱ䣬һ˵ĲĿռ䶼ҡ
ϣµɫ纣΢΢һͣٴ¡
𣡡
ҧ
˫ֽӡѪɫѷȻ󣬾ֱӽһû
ײһѪɫѷŬŴҪƬ׺ûȥ
ˣ
һĴرѣΪ֮Ť
Ǹо谭׹ڣڤڤеĴŭˣɫ纣һɢӿֲϢ·ŭ
Ѫɫѷһܱ߶ʱѺۡ
ˣֻؿΪ֮һۡ
ҧأ˫ٴλض
һѪɫѷ𣬺䣬һֻ޴Ĺצ̽ɭɭɲ
ȣ
ѪݻѪɫѷ죬еĪѹ˷ɡ
ȴǺܼᶨҧ֧š
ѪɫѷУǾ޴ĹצޱߣһѸƬɫ纣ֱӽ֮뵽ѪɫѷУһը
䣡
쫷ϯʮгһһĺۼ
쵹ɣײڲԶһʯϣһھѪ˳
ϣƱøŨн֯ž춯ʱΪģԲʮڵĵرȫٵˣʯһƬƬ֦ɢĵǣЩƣ·𱻻𿾹һ㡣
о·Ҫɢ˰㣬ʹվ
գһѾڻ֮С
ˣ
쳹ʮڣ׳Σ
һֻһȻȴ׳ľˣ·һͷٵ֮ʮռȫѿˣһɶµٶȿ쵽㣬գۼͷпĽС

ҽгѪˮĽ
еֶΣȴסףɳȥʮɶԶ
һ˲ѣԲʮȫںڰУڵ棬ƣƤǰδеңѾǶ˴Ȼˣϵȴ˿ҲϢĻᣬһߵ
Ƶ̶ۣѹ䡣



ڵϣ羡ϣѷͬ֩㳯ӿȥ
µĽٹ⣬ڴϢ
˿̣Ѿվֻ÷߶ʶԻһƬ޴

˫ҡҷ£ӭȥ
ƬΪڵĳɵ֮컻ĳɹڰ䣬֯ǳǿᡣ˿̣Ƭ֧ӭף˲䣬ܼϢӿͬ嫺һ㽫װС
ֻǣ䲻ȴס١

һ죬ֱ顣
漴׹䣬ϡ
һΪģʱ顣
̳ɢȥһֱʮɣɵľ޴ӳڵƽϣһ绡֯ģˣвѪʱļһƬѪģѾΡ
죬ʱҵʹѪˮ˳
ˡ
ˣ
ʱ죬ڰ˲ѹֵϢ˲ʮ
һƬĺɫž죬ÿһӤֱ۰ִ
һѣ纣ֱѹ
ɫȴԶˡ
ʹΪڰ˲׵ĿֲѹѹһҲܶ
ҧأ۵ʶʶײ
ң
ʶд󺰡
ʱ˿̣Ѿû˿ˣΨнϣ÷ϡ
ȻʶײȴһҲӦĺ
ˣ
ŭХ֮飬һжˡ
ŲϵԼѹ䣬һһɾĸо
ʱˣ޷ʲôȥֵ

зŭ
ʿ壬ΪгɵˣڽͨɲʱŻ֣ڣǿվѣȻ٣
ػһʾˣսǿȻϹҶη壬һδε׷ɱлڣҪĪ֮£ޱȵı

ŭ
ٲͣ£øӿֲ̼ѹͷ
쳹׾ˣ̲ס˫ۡ
ˣ
ʱ丹
ıԴԴһƬ꣬˿ȴ˵ԡȹ͸彻֮֯۳һʹͼֲһɫʣת˵廤¡
ֻоͨ泩˫ۡ
ǣ
һĻ¶ɫ
ⲻӦҲԼչֶΣԴڷ⡣
˵һѹ£ֱײʹͼϡ
͵һǴ󾪣Ϊֲĵڰ˲ȫǹͼ΢΢һǽڰ˲׷񷣬һը
⡭
ľ
ֲĵڰ˲٣Ȼͼ˻ȥ
ʹͼתһ̱ðһ⣬ֱڡ
ʱоһůڣ޸ơֻգۼѣһΣڵļа䣬¶һ
ƾ˲Ϣ޸˰˳ɣ
˫ȭվֻоǿٴγڡ
ղǹͼҵıԴԻ
Լĸ
ʶһɨԴƽռûʲô㲨
ʱһޱȳƵ
켹΢æ񷣬ֻںڵУһֱâԻɫֱֱ׼
Ϊ֮£Ӧһˣ
찵
һ貾âͷڷ޷Զ
ңΣ
ҧ
˫һչٽӡ߶£һʱ䣬ĴɽӣҶݺ磬Ȫ֮Ѫɫѷ죬һǿȫݻͬһʱ䣬֧ͼ߶رֶȫչ֣볯ŵھŵӭȥ
ھŵѹ£ռ𣬴ر
飬ͼը٣ʮķѡ
䣡
â嫣ûһС
У̳Ʈ绡ž졣
ĲӣڷϣȾѪٴαýһƬѪģطԼԿɭɭ׹ǣĿģʱȴЦˣھŵѹ£վǻ
ϣɢȥ»ָ
һ߲ƽ۶䱦ͣС
žžž
巢ͬƶ֮ͬǰһ㣬һۿɼٶȿʼָȱУо˵Ѫ·ȼˣʮ󣬱ɢȥ飬ӷվ
˿̣ļתԣƤͬӤۣѪ·ɾ
΢΢ȭʱ䣬𶯣в֮
ã
̲ס
ʱԸоԼȸոտվʱǿ·һȭܺһ۷ǿʿͬһʱ䣬ڵԪøӴЩӻЩƺһ˿ʱ䣬֮ǰǿ


356 Եʵ
¶ϲ֮ɫɵٴȭ
ٺܿ£ȻɹȥȴԾţõ˾޴ĺô
ǣͨɾ֮£޾κˡ

ӼоԼı仯Ƿ˸ľϲĿͻĽײΣﵽˮ׼øǿһתӿȡ
찵ܺã»׸ɾܡ
ۿȥԲʮڵȫ٣ûһõĵ棬һƬڡ
˶٣⣬ⲽȥ
վҲöزأ԰еڶ
ûã֣߳ԶĴϡ
󣬸ʧɫ
֡죿
˾Ȼôһ㶼ڣ
Ǹңһֱ׷Ѱ
ȥǿ˳߹ˣ

ľ
ûòȫ£ЩȻһ۱˳
ʱ䣬Ⱥˡ
ЩǴĺ죬ǰ֪ո˶Ϲҵ˽ܶɱֱһʮĶħЩͨܲη塣
ԭѰһЩ飬ɼΣȴֻεҡҡͷ
ŴԶȥ
ˣ
˵Ҫȥ
ֻ֪ߵӣûʲôĿĵأой䡣
ƺȷһôһ£Ҫ֪ʱҵ˿ɵ׷ѰƴˣһѰǾ·һôҡڵȺܼĴϣԱټ̫ɵ˰ɣ
Ǳ׼Ҹַ֣Ǹң
ǰ
˱Ź֡
ʵǿȻЩ˵ȴ⣬ԵúУӵϰһݷڿо׽
̬ɢ޽Ŀࡣ
̫ûΣ˰ɣ
ⲻǺܿͻᱻ׷Ѱ˵Ϥ𣿣
԰
ֹ
ɫƽеݣŴһԶȥȥ

ʲôǸĶˣ
ûھطʮһϣ
׷ȥ
ѰٵһڸֵõϢʱ䣬һǶ

ϣŲϵİƣ죬ſзԵúԡ
ܿ죬ǰֲڣһƬտĲݵء
һЦһȥڲݵ
ÿռʿ壬˿Ȼϳ죬ɴ˫ۣһ˼ı顣
Ǹ죬Ȼ
һȻһҲڣǸҩʦҵˣڷѰ
̫˰ɣ±Ѱ𣿡
˶ֱֱͣĶ졣
ʱǳ˴֣Ȼ˲ĿΧۡ
еڲݵϣϵԲһܵı顣
ʱţܿǰӹȥ
ʱʮǿԪԶ˼ٳƬ˹
ҵˣ
ǻ꣬ԣ˵ĽҩʦҲ죡
Ϊ׵һˣƺƺףĽ۷ҩʦ죡
˽Աɫ
ôһȺ˳˽Բĺˣÿһͨ·
ʮ˳һʱǿ˲ݵϵ졣
Ǳߣ

Χ
һ˳ǰתۼݵϡ
ڲٹˣ
Ե
һϮǵ׷ɱʱֵǸ꣬ʵǳǿᣬʱ޼֣ǻᱻѹԱվһˣһϮ£ΪףʵԸǿ졣
˽ǱĮһĻʮˣΪһ̳Ϊףʶ쵽ʶ첻ȡ˿̣ʮ˽Χм䣬жŵ˸ɭɭâ
ۣڵվ
Ӧ㲻ûҵ̫ã׼ҵΪû
˵
˻һʱĲԵһɢ޶ݡ
һʲô˼
ǹҡ߶طҺͰ׼ҵˣ
⡭̫˰ɣ
ľ
ЩɢޣȻһҲǱɫ
Ȼ˵ǣԲ
Լʲôˣţ
Ϊǣ
һļ˷̡
ͷҲأһֱ̧ɨܼĽ⡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʱ䣬ڵļ뱻ᴩѪС
Ժ׶ʱɫɱ⣬Ķ졣
Զ֣һƬɫ棬ѹȥ
ɫĵʯͷԷٻٵ
˱ɫ
ɫģⵤֻջľɱ㣬ϾǻҪõҪĶ䣬ת۱ǳǰ
ѹ
һЩ˽
ƽ֣һ£ǿǱǸˣΪһֱɱ㡣
ֻƽһĳûаԪȻȴĿռ䶼
͵һչɫ˲䱻
Աɫ㡭
ɫƽɫƲԵϡ
ʱ䣬Ѫɫ䣬Եͷ­ֱӱĵķѣԽضǡ
һĻɫ
һԣ
⡭
Կǿ߰ȻȻһˣ
ôܣǣôôǿ󣡡
ôģ
˶ˡ
һҲǺȻѣǼһǿߣȻһͱɱˣ
׵ɫҲһ䣺벻ǾȻôǿԴˣ
ֻǴ𣿡
찵
ɭɱ⣬ֱӿ粽Խն졣
ʱ䣬ٽâ볯ѹȥ
ƽˣܿн⡣
Щ˿е֪һӡ
˵
΢΢ƫͷɨΧһ̳
ӭʮ˸һ
һ̣һгһһɨ졣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǿȣ׻ȷɲ˲䣬һѪâ俪
һ˽Աᴩüģ浹¡
ѪˮʣֳһƬ
һһնˣ׵ġˡ
˶¡
״ŭһʮ̳Ȼôɱˣһھ޴ʧ
ȡҪĶ󣬶
׺
׳˳ȥ˶ɫ𸲸ǣʩչ˼Ϊֲͨ
֪ʿɱȴһȺʶ˸Լ޴ֵܹ˭
ɫƽ
Ȫѹ¡
ʩչɫͨ飬˺ɳȥʮɶԶ
⡭ôܣ
̫̫˰ɣô˵Ҳصǿ߰Ȼôһ
䣬̬Ǽһжǿ
ֱҺ
׵ڵϣвӿѪ˴롣
ٴζ죬׵ıѿŭ־һʩչɱɫն죬ǿڿն𣬼ٳԶߡֻǶݵһν棬ױ֪ˣԼĶ֡


357 𱦹
׶ߣڸһ˽Եۡ
⡭ˣ죬Ȼˣһնӣսô𣿾Ȼһʿɵη壿
֮ǰ˵ҵˣ˵ֻһ˾ӣʲô
ܰɣҲˡ
ҲǣǿնУƽأʶʿ׷ϣ
еپҲȻû׷ϵĿܣϲ̫Զ
۵
Щ˶죬ΪǿսľȻǿߡ
̧ͷѾݳʮԶף¶һĨЦ
৵һӰʧԭأʮɸߵϡ漴ӰٴʧһӰ׵ǰ
һ٣ʱɫ䣬Ȼ׷ǰ
㡭
һ̣״Ӽһɺ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ڸʿɫ
⡭
գⲻվǿ߲𣿡
紫ԣʶ찡ǡ
˫ĿԲ
Ųϵ죬һ˾ĲУգվ
׸ļ£һ仰Ҳ˵ת䷽ٴγԶӶݡͬһʱ䣬гһŽɫ󹭣һ֧ɫʸ׷
ɫʸƿһ㵭ĻƣವƼΪˡ
ۣʸƣǿᡣ
նһѽڼץУ漴һΣǰ
㡭
ȥ
̧֣һĳ
׿Ѫ׹䣬Ӵ󷢳һ졣Ҫɾһ̣£ֱһŲؿڡ
ڶЩˣʵΡ
쵭Į
ɫһ䣺ʲô
ֱӲȶ׵һ߹ǣڣ㻰
׳ʹʱҺ
һԼ֣üĳһĨĹ⣬ֱûԷʶ
ʿﵽʶ󣬾Լʶ̽Ѱ˵ʶѰ˵ܣΪʶʱʶôǿһ㲻ʶʿôʶͺܴǿǿղΣȻʩչֶΡ
ʶ֣ɫ䣬
ֱһţ֮صס
κһĨâ̽ʶջأطһξ룬ǿˣֱǼ̫ϳϡͨɳڣ̫ϳϴͨɵڶء˶ڱչأԼһҲųء
΢΢˫ۣͨɾǿߣʵǺʮ޼
ʶѰ׶ʱģ㡭
ۣ
֣еĺɫʸֱӹ׵ĺ
׿ӿѪ˼£ʱû˶
ԶһΧļ£һǿߣȻô򵥾ͱɱˡ
ǿ߱ɱһ̳ȫοѪˣ
ҲȲϰ׼ҲҰɣ
㶮ʲôܺϹұܹŶٸǿߣǼ֧ţȥǿߣȥʮ̳һˡ
ɢС
쵭ɨЩһۣ漴еĳɫ󹭡
֮ȡУֺܳԼǧأΪһƷ
ֳֹңһ£漴΢΢һŴ״ǿȣȻҪѲͬʱҪķѲԪ
ѹָղʱԵúܳ漴˫۱˼֣ȻʱҪѺܴҪķѲٵԪҲܲ
룬׺ĺɫʸ˳ʸԼʮأ֮ڹϣ乭£׼ʮһ޴ʯֻݵһɫʸŵԪĻһǾ޴ʯ˷ĩ
һǿ
ԶһʿǿĿɿڴ
ֻһѣȻôһʯķ飿ʲô
۷ʿҲɣ
ҵ졭ǼһôôǿԪ
̬

ļ¡
д󹭣лһĨâǿ벫뵣ʲôôһŷǷƷƵļʸԶҲɱСͬʱƻһĳǽͥƻҲԻܿɹۡ
һ룬ڵأ΢΢һ
׵ʯȡ£Ԫ̽У滹ֻڼ
Զһ֧ܹ֧ʸ̫ˡ룬лһĨĹ⣺ȥѰһЩƼʸȻȥҵ鷳ߵԶǺɫʸ漴ûжֱӲԶȥ
նУ磬Ǵﵽվ磡
˵ʮ꣬ʮܴﵽվ磬⡭
ȼʥҵʥӶ˿ˣ
𺳡
ԶȥЩתŲݵϵʮʬ̲ס
˵ΪʲôҲ鷳ҲΪ˶ǿر
˭֪أ
ܾãҪùˡ
ֹ

뿪ƬݵأǰУһ磬̹
úһƬʿܼڡѰһЩ
һΣûʲôֱ˽ȥ
ʿܶ࣬󣬶ʱԱɫ
죿
ȻҴҡڵĳ
ɣ
˲졣
ǰݽ׼ںһݵ㵷٣νǵ죬ټնɱ׼߽ܺһڰ׼ǿߣǱ׼ҵˡ񣬰׼µļǿ߽ٵľݵ㣬ʱȻҡڣڵĽһʿȲѡ
֪Щʲôûжԣú߽һ
Ҫʲô
һӭ
һ̣ϳ죬ʱɫ
ļʸУ
ȡһ֧ɫʸ
һæǸûС
ⱦһôǿСھӪţΪĸˣʶ졣˼ʱŵĲᣬϹҪɱˣҺ˽ףҪǰ׼һŭſɾˡ
΢ǰ
ֻܵĳһλãȻʢŲٽɫʸʮ֧
ⲻ𣿡

ȡһ֧ʸȼʸɣÿһ֧ʮأǳķһҲʯеĺɫʸ
⣬ǡ
æӭ
ʲôۣ
ƽʵ
˶£ԭΪ˼ɰ׼ҶʲôۼѾʸĸҲ׼ǿ£ǰλҲǺ˰Ϲҵľݵ˵پ͸ˣʱܾŭλָҲõѪù
գȡʮ֧ʸⱦ
ڸҳˣ
һ
⣬ǰѪˣԴ졣
Ȼǰ׼ҵˡ


358 ٻٰ׼Ҿݵ
⣬׼ǰΧܼʿϤϤ׼ѹ죬ƬȻһֵˡ
ûаڣ󣡡
֪׼µǿٵľݵ𣿡
˵ʶ죬ܸĸСɱУǿߣΪԶûʲô·ˡ
С
ƽŰ׼꣬ûһ˿ҵı顣
λˣ⣬⣬ҪѰҡ
ĸ߳ľⲻǡû뵽׼ҾȻ˱ǰҪ֪ʮʸָ鷳
׼ɫĮԼ˽ᣬǵǳ֡
İ׼ˣţսս鶼ܾˡ
һЦӦǵ˵ںµľݵ㣿
׼˵ɫʱ㻰ڽ¶׼ҵ˰̡
ֻĺܲң
һ˺
߳ŭ
ʵ
ڵİ׼ӱ˵ɱ⡣
֮ϻɱ
һ˵
ʱ䣬ڵ˶֣߶Ƴѹȥ
Ȼ䣬һ޴ӡֶ¡
׼ƣ֮һ
ǿ
ҪҲͨͺˣ
Ҫǻͨļ󣬹Ƹ
ҲǣǿϹҵҪ
˵
ɴӡԻһƬľ
治ɫһչ߶ͬơ
ǿ󣬻ҵ
˵
һ֣ĳͬĴӡӭŰ׼˻ȥ
һĻʱסطˣ׼֮⣬Ȼ˻ƣ
׼ɫ䣺ѧƣ
ǲ¡

𶯣߶ƣ׼͵ײһ
һ⻪죬׼˵ŵŵŵĺˡ
ƶƣ׼˾Ȼ·һˣȰ׼˽޵ĸǿ⡭⡭
ңȻܱǿߣ
ʶ죬ûʲôֶΣ£ӦŶ԰
˵ۡ
ʶ죬ǿߣһʿ𺳡
սѾÿźͱ̬ˣΪǲܵ£
׼ɫ࣬߷߲ѣǰ׼ҵڣǽ棬ȴǽѹ·ֱǴͬһʱ䣬𺳵ǣȻеһˣЩ̫ܣ
ʶΪôܻǿߣ
ʩչƵ˿ڣҧгݵĵʶ㣬ҵĶ֣ʲôɵֶΣ죬׼ǿǺ⣬쵷ԼݵʱʹõֶΣǷʿԪ
ˣ첻мһЦ
ԸǣҪֶΣ⣬˭ʶΪ
Ű׼ˣڿնرʮɸߵ֮ϡ
ʱ䣬ɫ
ڿգվ
˾
죬һ̣˽Ĳɴ˫ۡ
֮ǰʶˣº󣬾Ȼﵽվ磡վʿԣһξ޴ɱˣ
׼˵ɫνǷѿӻϡ
վ
ǰֻʶأôô̵ʱʹﵽղΣ
ô࣬һϣɱ
һҧ
ʱ䣬ڿն𣬳ȥ
쳯ɨһۣһһŽɫ󹭳Уת漴һ̣һ֧ɫʸУڹ֮ϡ
𹭼ʵսΡ
ң΢΢һɣʱ䣬ʸһɫ磬ݵķɳ
ʸ켫֮ա
ۣ
׼ҳǰһ˻ûӦǱһ֧ɫʸᴩҽͬһʱ䣬ɫʸ壬ȥʮԶԶʬ

׼˴ʧɫ
ܣһڵΧĿɿڴľ
⣬һɱ˸ǿߣ
ʶʱɱǿߣվսֲ
ĻֲǸ
ļ¡
춢ԶһĨâʸϽɫ󹭣ȷʵ
ӣ
׼ŭɭȻɱ⣬ٴγѹ
쵭ĮһЦԭز֧ʸͬʱ֣ڹ֮ϡ
乭£ɹҡ
֧ͬĵɫ裬ˡ
תۼ䣬ĵѪը׼Ⱥ󱻹ᴩķѣѪȾءҪ֪Ľɫʸÿһ֧ʮأڹעǿͻԪƻƿֲһֵܵˡ
ܣһļ£һҲ˵
治ɫϽ䣬ߵ׼˵Ĳʬߣֻɫʸʸʱ룬ԺӦڼʸʶӡԿرƣˣÿʸ󣬻Ҫȥȡء
ɨһܣ漴ѭһȥ
úһϤĵص㣬ǰΪһ̻Ի͵ĸ¥ǰ׼Ҿݵڡ֮ǰ׼ݵ㵷٣񣬰׼ٴ˽µļǿһµĿʼ𲽡
ûаͣ٣˽ȥ
ܿ죬洫ŭ
죿
ӲСȻҰ׼𣡡
ע⣬ҪʲôֶΣ
ɱ
¥ڴ
ܿ죬˲ҽС
¥⣬ЩǸ˿̼촳׼Ҿݵ㣬ŭҽУһ˶̲ס
ڣӺ󣬺һ¥նķѡ
߳ʮʬգﳤȥ
ǰŸ¥ڵĲ״һ
⣬⣬⡭
죬ն죬оŸʶʿȫȫˡ
׼ҿǵ˰˱Ѫùˣôôǣ
ֱҺ
ǰ׼ںľݵ㱻쵷٣һǿߣ񣬴æ䣬׼ǲµļǿٵļݵؽڣݵؽò죬ȴͬһٴε٣һǿߣ
ļֱǷ
ͬһʱ䣬ط뵽
죬ղţƺǲ뿪
⡭ȷǼһﵽվ
֪𣿸ղһ߾չ¶ˣɱ˰׼ǿߡ
ʲô£

⡭
һٴαɫ
ܿ죬Ϣɢ׼׷Ѱ֣ﵽվ磬ڶν׼ؽľݵٴε٣նˣٴ˴󾪡
ʲôȻﵽվǰǾݴʶڰʶ;ݣղΣٶδ̫˰ɣ
׼ؽľݵ㣬ȻֱǼһٵˣ⡭ʲôʲôԹ
׼ҵˣƻᱻѪɡ
ľ
ڶСС
Ҳһ죬뿪նУúһƬɽ֮ڡ
ǰһƬƺΰͥߴ󣬺޼еһƴ
ҡ
ۣлһĨտտâ


359 ͥ
ҺҩʦԼʮ̽һǴɽ֮УΪɽڵͨŨʺϼͥԶͣȥһݻĵԵ÷ǳɻֺ롣
Ʋ
쵭һЦ
ձɽ׷ɱȥרúˡ
֨ѽ
⣬ҵͥһ죬űƿʮӴ˳
ԳϺ׳ϣ˶Уң˵ѾվսӿˡΪ׵һҵӿڣ֣ɫγȥ˶ע⣬Ҫ¶ݣͿɣ𣡡
ǣôˣ
ǿͬʱͨɢ޻Сɵӣһӵټ̻ǿǣüվǿ߳ȥԸ
ôмǵС£
ף
һ˳ƣǸ죬ƿʧĵһ֮ѹȡЩҵʵȻһܹ׷Ϲż壡
պҵ£Ҳ˼ɵ𾴣
ԣ
ߣһҪѰ죡
ҵðâ˷ǼĦȭƣԡ
ң
ʱһ
ǰϹŵЦһǰ
죿㣡
ȻȻ
죡ɣȥĳǣ˵
Ҳ˻ؼȥҪ⣡
ˣ
Ϊ׵ҵӵ
ǴĺԶ֮ǰնɱԺ׺ѾǱ֪Եվ磬ˣЩﻹԿ˿̼һη֮ɫ볯ȥҪӻؼ塣
һЦ̧Ʒ֣նƬ׻
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһأҵӵѪУǳұŵֱӱնͷ­ͷ­ȥԶ۾ȴŵġ
ȻѾˣαٻȥ
һҵӱȥ
Ϊ׵һ˿ڣʶ۷壬죬Ҵأһ˴δ̫ˣѰ·
Ҵأ࿰ʮ̶ѣΪ̶Ѩ𡣡
̡
׼ҴұƵǰϾ˼ǴϹŴĴͨɾǿ߲٣дڵľƵǵȻǰָͻȰ׼ңҾ㲻ʲôˣ˵ĻϹȣҺʮ̾ëë棬̧־顣
ڲҴ׼ңǴңȫû⣬˼ʲô
̫ſˣ
ʮӣΪ׵ҧ
֪

Щͨҵӣٶʲôֱ̧֣࣬նһ
۵һʮУΪ׵ֱӱնϺѪС
ͬһʱ䣬˸ɫľ
ǣˣ
ϣ

һӲҽУѪⲻϽڿС
ͥԶںܿĲҽ˳һ̣߳˱ɫֱҵĵϮӡ
ڣһ˽ľ
ô£
죡Ǹ촳ˣ
ʲô
һЩ־ŭʱ䣬ճǿߴͥ߳
Լһиֳ⣬һҵӸϲ
̫ˣ
ǣߣ

˴С
һ׻âϯնҵӵͷ­
һգһŽɫУ֧ɫʸҲһ֣ڹ֮ϡ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ƿյ֧ɫ磬˲ǰ
ǣ
ҳһճǿ߱ɫշӦͱһ䱬ͷ­
ͬһʱ䣬һȺҸѡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ɫʸһѪ⣬䱬һһҸ֡
ûͣ٣Уʸ֡
ƿ̶֮ɫļʸŵĻǿ£ͬɫתۼٴαƵҴǰһ̣¡һ죬֧ɫȵĳײҴϣǿǻͥĽ
һЩ壬һĻ󣬶ʱ̲ס˻ȥ
⣬һЩӼһĻɫɫҰס֮ǰǻѰټţѹȡõԼһǿ󣬿ڣȴֱӱƵǰ䱬˼ţ
˿־ĴУӶݡ
ޱ飬ֳŽɫ󹭣֮ʹãֱӵ
וּһܼɢ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۼ䣬߳һ£˸һɶ
ڲ˼һĻ޵ĲС
죡

鵭Įڣٴһ֧ɫʸƳնȥ
ޱǿᣬԪǾˣתۼ䣬ɫʸǹҡ
۵һŭǸҸֱ֣ӱᴩֱͦͦĵȥ
һĻڣ˽ľˡ
ͥкصĻʯǽɣ·С䱬ͥնɱҵӺ󣬲ûͣ£ٴһ֧֧ɫʸͬɫɳĺʯǽһ
תۼ䣬ͥòƲ·˴Ѱ㣬ǲȱʯ
ŭɫޱѿԼһҲ㴫ǧ꣬ȴһռʿƵǰԼһǰնɱԼһĵӣ˼ͥҴʼºҴδܹ衣
Ұ⣬·ʲôҲûǾһδο
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ɫʸնʯǽڣòҵѡ
һʱ䣬ڣǷŭǾ塣

һ
ҳˣһһϮ£ǲǰҸ֣ƿеؾɫ𣬵ϵͬһ㣬ΪǴ죬ΪƶϡƶԱߵΪǲȻҲǸǿҩʦΪҲǴ죬Զͬʿǿ
ϸ߿գһȥˣʱðɭ⣬ɱŨҡ
ɱ㣬ݣ
ƶϺ
첻мһգƶͬһˮƽϵĸ߿աˣϴŨŨķ̣Ϊ˶ұ׷ɱңڱұƵǰȴ˵ȻҺίƵģҪҪˣ
ƶ϶죬ɫһƬɭ
֮ϻֱѹѰ֪ĵɱ
ɫ䣬ֱӴ߶ؾɫͬʱʩչ
䣡
ʱ䣬ӿ鲼ʮȵĵյĿŤ


360 ɱ
ӭչĽâ뵤ɫĮû˿
ﬣ
̶ıͥܣһ֧֧ɫʸתۼǽƶΧУͬһ糯Ϯɱȥ
ǣ
˽Աɫ
ţһ˶ʮһ֧ЩɫʸʶӡԿرתʹЩʸ붯˸ű֮⡣
ƶϺݣӿ˿ǰļʸ
һʱ䣬˵ԵЩ
鵭Įһδֻٴο֧ɫʸݵĳ
ʸɫ磬ƳգֱĳƶϺƴˡ
λСģ
˴С
Ŀ΢бгһ֧ڲȥ
۵һڵ˱ᴩѪС

ƶϺȵ
ɫӿȣȫǣյĿռŤΧĽɫʸ죬ƺһ̾Ҫڻ˰㡣
ۣƷȴվֻǷֲסǰҵĵ𡣡
һɫʸȫɢתڳȥ
вˣһ֧֧ɫʸɫ
ȫ
ƶڿдȡ
ϧˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ĿѪƮڿУڣתۼʮ˱ʸᴩ
֮󣬳ɫʸûͣ£һܣһ¥飬һ̨ͤ䴩һЩֲǱײ֧顣
ϣ

˵
ҽкŭ𲻶
תۼ䣬ڣǰƻһͿ
ƶϺŭƫͷס졣
ѹ

նУתۼƵǰɫӿ£¶ȸߵˡ
֣ӡɫȫû
ǰչ
ǳ
ƿҩ䣬ǾŴ֮һҩΪϵĵ䣬еĵ۵ɱƬûмܹȵ
һ𣬻ӡһûȥɫȫ
ƶϺͬʱ֣쵤ɢ
ɫ࣬һһҳȥźԶʩչҸ졣
䣡
ǿɢⲼ죬ѹ¡
ռŤΣ·һ̾Ҫᴩ
죬Ȼһ㣬ȷʵǿ󡣡
ۡ
ڵսնɱǿ߶Ѿʿȴô򵥣Ͼ໥С̨ס
أҲоʲôѹ
̧֣ͼ۶ӿնнâȫʧС
ವһһתǰһѹ¡һϴɫĵҲܴĿռ䶼ҡΣ¡¡
һƣֻȫ

𡣡
΢
ǣվȻǰ
ûжĶ̧𣬻ȭӭϡ
һһȭӳͬ𶯣ֱӷһ˵ľ죬ˡ
ʱɫ㡭
ۣ
ѹµֱֱӱ飬ѪˮһƬ
ڣ˼һĻɫ䣺⡭ôܣ˿찡ǿȾȻȲ죿ƺվ簡
ŶϱۣŵŵŵĺˣɫѿͬʱŨŨ𾪡
ʱٴ乭֧ɫʸڹϣұ¡
֧ڼ׼
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ɿң֧ڼ磬볯ȥ
Сģ
ƶϺȵ߶ӭϡ
ʱƿ֮죬ڣʮһ֧ɫʸһɫ磬ȫ׼ƶϣƶɫһ䡣ⲢΨһͬһʱ䣬ԭ֧ɫʸڿת䷽ɱƶϡ
֧ڼҲоӡԿرתǱȻܼ򵥡
ƶ־ŭң
ƶԭȥջأʱʮɫʸ֧ɫʸʱһ˿һɫӿݺᣬǿнʮ֧ʸ𿪣ȴǳ˳һ
ҲʱǚiƵƶϽǰ
ƶϱɫִټӶȭӭ졣
Цֱһȭ¡
ûаʣƶϵ鿪ķѡ

ƶϾŭӣŶϵֱۣԶ
ʱƶϵɫѿǰ׷ĺ޷ˣǱƵǰһȭֱۣķԽܡ
㣬ȻҲӣ
̡
ûаͣԿرתʮʸԼǲǚiһӰ̼ٴαƵƶǰ
㡭
飡
ڶȭӳƶϲҽУӿѪֱӱҵİȥ
ûаͣٴαƽƶϣȭ¡
һȭǿᣬ֮ȭ˿˿Ƶĵ绡֡
ۣ
Ѫըƶϱ޿ɱܣҵķѣѪȾա
ڣط˽Աɫʱٶ죬˸ֻȭѣɱǼһǿߣǺεȿ񱩵ս
ƶϣ
ŭ
ƫͷһЦֱӲǚiǰ
ˣ
˫ֽӡ磬Ȫ볯ѹ¡
վΪ߶ݻʥǵҲ֪ʶʱǿ˶ٱһʱգʹÿռһɫѷ졣
ֶξͨɱһȥ
䣡
໥ײ⻪켤
ĮǚiʩչһһӰתۼǰ
ȭе绡ȭž죬
ˣ
񱩵һȭռٴη޴ĺ
ĵֱӱ飬ȭͷȵؿڣ֮顣
ϣ
ңɫұ䡣
ǿߣȻôɱˣ
ʧ
ϣ飬һ֧֧Уٴ乭׼ҡ
ɫʸһɫ磬ƴҵһ¥ķ顣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըѣѪȾر
𾪿ֵĽǱӴܣо㤣һʲôɷǰȻƵǰٵͥնɱسϣվϳڷɱɱˣ
ֱĳ裡
飬ϣֻǲͣ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ɫʸƳգͬһͷͷɫǿľˡ
תۼ䣬֮һ̨ͤ¥֧飬ǲ
ϣ

ڳߣϢǼΪǿᣬվ۷塣
ͬһʱ䣬һ޵ĿֲĲϵƲ㶼΢΢һ¡


361 Ϸ
΢ɲЩˣԲվǿܹɢ
һļˣǸ̫ϳϣ
ۡ
Ͽգ߳ɫдž˵ɱ⡣
һֱӶ֣һ춼ǽ
ߣ𣬳ǰѹȥ
䣡
ײ𶯳ɱ⣬һƬƬա
һ΢
ں۷ǿײЩ

Ȼܵס
ֵһĨ⣬һٴѹ
оâһ΢Ľɫʸͺɫʸ۳һ񽣣׼ֱ߱ն
졣
ܿһ¡
һļʸʱɢ
ף
ߺȵ
һӡ𣬷·һڶżǿѹ
΢߶֮ǰӭȥ
һױ飬볯˿һ
һĻĸ߽Զݡ
վ磬սѵĳ壿
һ˵
һϣٶѹ
һ˿ڡ
˵ͷȳ۷ǿһ𣬺ѹ졣
һȻսˣͬʱӦվ۷ǿߣȴǲһʮʸɻأʯУ֮ɨھŽǿٳźȥһԶ

ɭ
ٶȿ켫ϼ⣬׷ȥ
Цˣߣ£ǚiʼһչٶͽȻת۱ǽ˦ʮԶ
˱ɫû뵽ٶȾȻô죬ǾȻ
ʱӿµϢ
ҡһֻ޴ִ̽գתۼǰС
춯ݣ
ͨɾǿ߲ž߱һ̣ͨɾڳˡ
Ǽ
¶ϲɫ
ӡʮǹ֮˴ֲ֣㤡
Ǹоֻ̺Ŀֲܣһ˿û˶η壬ȭָ°죬ݺһȭȥ
ˣ
һ죬ûܡ
˳ƶˣһӰԶֻһЦֻǿʼ
ϣɫѿһ֣ͨɾļͷųһ˿ܣȴȻһճʿǶˣ˻ͷڵĲ״ر˲֮һɫǸ

ҧȭͷա
崫ǧ꣬ãܹ裡

뿪Ҵأͷ泩һЩǳһڶ
ϧûΧۣҶ¡

룬⼸򣺡Ẉ̂һһȥһᡣ°ͣǺһĨЦεôһЩΧˣԵ˼һЩ
ûãһϣڣĲʿԾ
˶죬ָָ㣬Сֹʲô
λϷ˭һȥ󡣡

˵꣬ҲЩɢǵķӦԹԵĳԶȥ
Ϸ
һʲô
Ҫȥ׼ݵڰɣм۷ֽ١
ԣⷽǺǼڡ
ȷǣ⡭ˣȥ
κ˶кģڶ򣬷ͷһ˵ҪϷȻʿĶдȺ˸ȥ
Զͷһۣ΢΢һЦ
գȫͽУżȶķȥ;ϣ˲ɢޣͬĸʿ󣬶뿴ҪʲôϷ
ܿ죬һȥ
һʱѾİˣɢޣҲһЩСɵĵӡ
һ죬߳뵽һɽһֺĴǰ
⡭̣
ʲô
̵˶Ѱ⣬һʲô
˵ۡ
ͥΰɣ̻Ի̬ͣˡȥͥڣһʣһУ濴ȥҸɵϢ
ʱǰеע⵽ߵȺ
Ⱥˣһ̣롭һͣͻȻȺǰ죬ɫֱӱˣ֣֣֡㡭ȺնɱˣϹŰ׼ҵ߽ܶɱˣһܲ壿ʱ죬̵ĵȾܣе˰֡ɱˣ
ʲô
ˣ
Ǹƿпر죿
̲ٵӱɫ
ʱ䣬в˳ͥ漴Ǽ졣
һʱ䣬˽Աɫ
Ȼ
Щ˴󾪡
̵֮ͨǿȻ̵ĵӵۡ
漴Ŀ¶⡣

˵
һۿȥ̵ӳڣȻȥеǿǡ
һĻĻɫûа仯
λϷ
Ц
һɫ󹭳Уֻʸ֣Դ˹ϡ
乭£ңң׼̵ͥ
˶ʱһ˫ĿԲ
⣬һѵòǣ롭̵ͥ
˶¡
ݵһ̶֮ɿңʸͬǰ
ʸƳգһ֮ǰ̵ӹᴩʬǰУһ̵֮ͥϣʬķѡͬһʱ䣬⼸ֻʸ쵽£̵ͥϡ
棬ôˣ
⡭Ҫٵ̵ͥ𣿡
ǿһ̵氡
ͬһȺ˸Ĳ㵱ʯ
ǹЦٴȺʮ֧ʸһɨ
ʮ֧ʸûһ֧գȫײ̵ǰ֮ͥϡ
¡
һ죬̵ֱ̮ͥķѣɳ
ͬһʱ䣬ǰһЩѣʳѪ
죬ˣ
ģ㣬㣬㹷죬ú
죬ͨǣ
ڣٵŭ
Ϊʮ֮һǴƾõ£ڶҲպգȴǱ˹Ȼ˴̵ֱֱͥӴ̵
ͬŴͣûеʯһ
⣬ӣ
ˣվϳˣ죬ܰ
ģӿˣ
ƿڴ
Щ˸쿴Ϸȴû뵽νġϷָȻֱӻ˴ͥһŵļֱðҪ֪Ȼ޷ϹȣҲԶʵܿ£ͥ٣̽ŭһͬЩϣǿǿ޶ûطȥ


362 
̣Ӱ˲񷣬۷Ϊһŭĳ߳
λһͬȥš
վ϶·һʿ
һʿܣ̯ʲô鷳Ļʱĳ嶯ӿ̲ȻǸȥţ
쵰
ӣ
ȥ
Ůʿ
ЦҲλЩܣΪǶϺ󡣡
ЩֻΪܼͥٵḶ́ţ£֮Ȼ˻ᴫȥʮ֮һǧأȴǱ˻ٵͥһԻ̶棬̳ΪʱһЦˣеĶ޶ȵķйȥ
Уӭ̳ļϣֱӳ磬;ȪͬʱкĴɽͱһʱ䣬𶯣ֱŤˣֲһͨľ
죡
̳ĳŭ𣬴̴ǧأȴȻ˱Ƶ֮ɱʮӣǻٵͥǺεȵĳ裿ΪҪǣ¾Ȼɢ޿ˣĿã⼸ϼѪΪҲ֪ºܿͻᴫڶ򣬻̶ʱɨأΪ˷ʱ̸Ц֮ʡ
Ķ
һ̳ļͬʱ֣Ǵ߶𴫳ͨҪֻнݳܵ
ô飬Ϊһ

һӭ̼ѹȥ֮ǲˣһӰ˲ϢԶȥͬһʱ䣬ͥʮʧɫѭߵķȥתʧ
̼ϻȴѾӰ
ʱ䣬һŭ쳹Ƭɽ䡣

뿪̣նУһȥ
ţϹ̡̣

̸ЩԶնУҲúķѲʱ䣬ʱٶһԶȥԼŸʱŵķΧڣͬչһȺɢ޸󣬺ܿŵ֮
ǣš
һ￴ʲôϷ
֡
һʿ⡣
һ̣˱ɫ
ɫ󹭣𳤼׼ŵֱͥ˳ȥ
ʸÿһ֧ʮأһɫײͥϡ
¡
ʱ䣬һ죬ŵֱͥӱ٣ķѡ
ͬʱͥһЩŵ˴ѣʮˡ
ϷһɢӲûɳ漴һ̣һֱӳȥܻ֮ǰȥ̵Щɢһ
䣡
ڣǿϢߵӰ߼ٳ
ЦԿرʸջأ磬;Ȫ
ŵϼһǣظͣǽͥ޺ãݷá
ѹţתߡ
죡

ŵĳŭ𣬸ɱ
κٶ̫ˣ˸׷֮ϣת۾ʧҰС

һʱ쳹뿪ŵķΧ۾һȥ
һ̡
Ц
ļȺϹ̣̣ڣ̣ɹź޷ɸͥ٣ңÿһǹմһɢ޺Сʿǰ˶˼ͥٵĹ̡
һʱ䣬Ƭٴηڡ
ǰ㣬Ŵͥٵ£ܿ㴫¡
žŴͥ汻˻ˣ⡭̫˰ɣ
ǿǴǧļ̰ΨϹҺͼʥѹƣ죬ȻҴ̵֮ȥٵžŸͥңȻȫˣûб̵ĸָôǿ𣿣
⡭˵Ѿﵽվ磬ղڣǶ֡
һڣвۡ
ܿ죬Աɻ
˵ӦֻоŴԼͽ֪ɣӦòŶԣôֵ˽֪ˣŴԼܽй¶ɣ
˵Ǽһÿǰһ̣һȺ˵ǴȥʲôϷɽȴһ̵ͥ
⡭
˸ȥٴžŴͥٽЩ֮ڽ´ȥþŴ̶棬пǡݣ
Ŵ̵ĳϺƿѪ˰ɡ
ǸһҲʵ̫ˣǸӣ
ӡ
ļ˼۾Ŵͥ쵷ٵ£Ȼĸˡ
پŴͥȫˣ죬ܿȼʥصʥ𣿡
ļ¡
˲ۣͣŴǷⰲ
ЩŸʱʱһŭĽڲٵľһڴҲҳ
ʱţÿռ䶼쵷پŴͥ£֪ڣС˵̯ӣֱպһ˵Ϣڹ¡
Զʱż
ݴ·ǳԶЩˡ
żͨʥغ̫ʥصǿ߷֣ɽĩɽڣݴпĳһλδɵǰһе
棿
Ȼʥصǿ߷֣±㼫пΪ档
Ϣڶӷڡ
ʿǶĩɽȥһĵбȻ౦һƬܶͷãңͨо˵ĵ̣ܸһ˿ʵ
ԶʱоλԶżλĵ
˵λҩʦһ;ݵµҩ𡣡
ҩҩ𣿣
ʥص˸ҩʦǿҩʦǰƷҩʦȷϣоųɵĿλҩ֮
ҩ𣿣ҩĻǣ桭᲻ı
ľ
ʱ˶ǿ߳ţĩɽȥ
ʮ޵ʷܹоλ𣬸ǽ޵·ߵͷˣ޵֮ˣλУΪ˵ҩΪҩ𲻽ֶͨ죬ѹóҩԪı
ʿԣԪΪصĶҩĵ֣˴󾪣ܼʿǰԶżеõĵҩЩʿУЩ˵ǰòıһջԪɿݣǸʱһöıֵԵ͵£
Ϊܹ£ܴ¡
ĳһϣܼΪĩɽȥ΢΢˫ۡ
ҩĵ

룬ûгɣȺĩɽȥ
ƿҩ䣬Ϊҩҩĵ˷֣Ȼȥһ


363 
ĩɽɽԶ˰ϱ޳ȺȻһ嫵Ĺ֡ഫԶʱƬּΪΣգޣͨǿ߶У˵˸ĩɽš
һʿϵĩɽֻƬڳ˲ľÿһ궼ļΪ׳˶ƬУеǳŨȴҲǻżΪ˵Ȼ޼ࡣ
ҩأ
ڸǰ˵һɽͻȻϿ¶һƬСһǡ
С磿
һЩǿϹŴܣݻһСУ
ԭˡ
ߣѾкܶ˸Ϲȥˣ
ȺߵĸЩ
첽ƽһЩʿҲ΢΢죬벻ϹʱЩǿʿȻܹһƬСȵزЩˡ
֪ǵҪʲôΪҲ澳ɡ

ŨŲٿ֦֦вٺǣЩǴ඼ЩມǣȻʿƬֺ󣬱ڵѪ⡣
Ҳû⣬һʿһĬĬҩȥ
ܿ죬
ͷӰ֣ѹ
ܣ
ܣǲǾżԿʶ۷ʿ
ǵѪùˣ
ƫƫطʱЩޣ
ƿ
˵
ܲô£ҪһʿɵǣطɽԶǿ߾ʱĩɽԻҩвǿЩȻηܣԽ֮ɱɴʱȴɱ֣ΪǱǿ߼ܻд鷳
һһʿתۼ䣬˱˺ѡ

ǻ˾У
ԣ
һȺ˺չ似ܿͼͷ𿪣ͨһ·
ߣ
˽е
һߣǰȥһ̣ͣϡ
ӰˣΪ׵һӣ۽ʵһ˫ӳҰԣһޱȰԵĸо

ۡ
磬ѪǿᣬȻǻ壬Ʋԡ
ƲˣȻҲǿߣնһʿǰʱһʿɫˢˢͣЩ֮ǰڵǿߣȴ뻹ˣһʥӣлˡ
ƲԴ£ᵹһߵļͷܣ˭ģ
絶ƲԵˣ˲ɵһ
⣬ƲԵ£ΪϮҵȣҵûа취ֻó֡ӲͷƤվδֻǽ֮˶ѣ㡭
䣡
ƲԶֱ֣һƽڵĳѪ
Ʋп᣺ˣ˭֣ȫվ
ƲǿһﲻƲҡ
һʿ֣̿ľ
ſڵ˲ȴһƾͱĳ࣬˭վȥ
ȻûУǾȫ
ƲԵ
Ʋǿ߳Ѫǿһˡ
ҵ˼ͬ飬űȻҲûɱְ

Źǰɣ
ġ
ǰʱ䣬ʥӻɣǰսͨɾµǿߣ£ͨɾ¼޵УһˣЩܹ塣
ȺУҡͷƲԻǹԵЩʿֻϮɱ˼ͬ²ֻǽͷܻ˴ˣûɱ֣ƲȴҪɱˣίʵЩ̡ŵ޼ţƲγ֣ǸЩƲԵǲϲ
ƲˣȻǸоĲ񣬵ƫͷ˹
ֻϣ
Ʋϳ졣
ƲԷ֣Ҳûʲô˳ֻۿˣôϣ
⻰һ˶ʱ󾪡
ʱһʿע⵽ݣһʱɫ
ǣǡǸ죿
˶ݡ
ʱ䣬ǹΪ֪ʿûм
Ʋ絶죺߽Ϊϣ
һƽ飬ԭǲϡ

һʿԣɫ紫еǰſǰλʥӻ壬ͨɾ޵еĴڣһȻôͻ˵
Ʋǿð⣬ɱ⽻֯ȥ
վסƲߣĶ죺ֻЩرҵȥϽ
ǡ
ǿߵͷɨ죬һ˱ȥɱʡ
նΪ
£
ʥӵ£Źǰɣģ
Ҫɱǣ
һʿģɫҰס
ƲԶ죬ǿ˫Ŀ飬ɱ⣬һʿѹȥ
бɨһۣ壺ȥ
ȺʿûʲôϵȴǿƲԺܲ˳ۣЩʿֻΪԱ˼ͷܣƲԱҪɱˣܲʱվվȺʿУһԱҪɱȺʿȻͬ⡣
ǿɭҪնɱ죬ɰԼһʥӵĻûжֱֱ֣ĳһ˱ȥ
ȻҰ޾˻

һһɽ絴̶ˣٶȿ켫ʱǿ߱ɫ
飡
飡
촫ǿͬʱɣײ鼸ľ󷽲ͣվжӿѪʱˣһ˿塣
ƲԵøɭҵˣ
˺˲𣿡ĮͷֻϮ˵Ұޣɱ˼˺󱻻ˣЩʿѾ飬御㻹ˣ䣬ֱ̧֣ɨ⣬۵û뼸ͷ֮ܺնɱ
Ļ˵ϡ
ĵ
ֳһƬһȺʿ죬ľЩŹܰԵǿƣڣȴǿƣȻŻն˼ͷܣһʿð
Ʋð׹⣬һ仰˵ֱӳԼɱ⡣
ˣ
ƲԿ粽һ𣬾ǳһѺۣ֩ܡ
ߣûа⡣
ߡ
һʿ
䣬ǰ粽ӭƲȥ
Ų£𶯣ͬһ˵Ѻɢܡ
һʱ䣬ɿµϢ𣬾˸ɫ
ãǿ
ļ¡
ֻӭƣ˾ִĸо
ƲԵͬУˣһʱ䲻벻ֻСϵһЩ򡣡
һʱ䲻벻ֻСҰ޾Ȼ粽δɻǵյʵʵЩ
ԡ


364 ս
˶ţ񱩵Ϣ𣬵渡ֳһѺۣ֩ӳȥ
ƲӳҰԣͬһ㣬ˡ
ˣ
ڣƲԳˣһ죬һֻȭ𶯵նҡ
첻ܣͬһȭӭȥ
ˣ
ͬһʥı˰㣬˶ĤЩ顣
ֻǼ򵥵ĵһײȭͷӴֱѿˣͬһʱ䣬һ糯ӣͬǼдŻԲڵĲľȫݻ١
˴󾪣ʿײôôǿ
ʱ䣬ȫ˳ȥ
Ʋ׿һȭӳǽŴڶȭ
ûκλڣһȭӭϡ
飡
ֻȭٴײһۿɼ𶯲֣һʮ
ȭûѹ죬ƲԵóϢø׿񡣺һӿ񱩵Ϣɫ˫ȭڲϴӰ
ۣһư«˫ȭͬɨȭ⡣
飡
飡
飡
ȭȭӰײҲ֪˶ã˵ӰԻٴγײһ
Ϊϣеͣ
Ʋдɱ⡣
ɫȭͷѹ£ͬһŻɫǣƱȸղŸǿ
ȴôС̨ףȴǽ˶ѡ
Ц
ӳȭâ˸·һ̫ɽײϡ
䣡
һµײ棬Ƭռ䱻ֱӴ飬пռ
գ˸Ժɣһ˳ȥʮԶ
ʥΪ壬Է֮Уÿնڿжȹĥһ߲ս壬࣬Ȼʥ棿
ƲԵӾ
ϣ춢Ʋԣûʲô飬ȴ΢΢Щ졣һֱļվʱǾһ٣ޱѪ⾭ǣǾһ̥ǣǲս壬ƲԵȻ˿òȣȻǷ
ܺãͬڣܾûˣѪһζ
Ʋͷ趯絶
ܾûԹҰζˣԭΣųԣ

˵񶼺ܱ䣬ɱ⣬һ̣һγ嵽һ
һֳһֱӵھŽ
ﬣ
콣â˸׻âˣĿ΢΢ЩŤ
ƲɭлȻָ֮⣬нȫ
ƲԿǰָץѹ졣
гһһתƲնȥ

ײһ졣
𳤽ٶȸ죬һһն£ܼˡ
Щ⣬ʵΪնٶ̫µĺۼ
ҵʳѪ⣡
ƲɭȻ



ƷƲԵײֺֻһǻ֮⡣
Դˣûаٱø졣

ܿ죬һ촫еѺۣƲĵķѡ

ƲԵ
ɫ˸Ʋָ΢ۣץʺ
ߣȭ𶯣ֱӳ
䣬ȭȭˣһɫ绡֯һɿֲ
յ飬Ʋɫ΢䡣
䣡
ȭͷѹ£ɫ绡һУһƲҷʮԶ
ʥӣ
֮ʥӣ⡭ôܣ
ǿ߱ɫ
ƲԵɣԶУ˲֪ľ
첻˿ͣһһӰٱƽ
ԵˣɲԷϢĻᡣ
䣡
ɫ𣬾һ޴Եصնϣ켹΢
ܣƳȥɶԶ
ƮһѪƫͷԼҼ磬һѪۡ
Ʋ¿գø׿񣬳Ұԣɱ⣬һҲ˵ӡ
һ֣ϣļѪָ⣬ʺĿ
΢΢һᣬƲһ£жʱ¶Ұ⣺Ȼζ
һâ
ˣ
ֱӶ֣˫ֽӡ𱦱ӣ֣Ҷݺ

䣡
𶯣һݻǵƿµľˣͬƽ١
ͬһʱ䣬ǚiתۼƲǰֱѹȥ
ƲԳХ˺أһ˫ȭ鲼ɫ
Ʋԣ
Ʋȡ
һͨȭԻɫͰԵǴݿࡣ
һӱ飬֮µ
û˿ǚi쵽£ٴݻֺͬҶݺһƲѹ¡
𶯣ޱȰԵ˺ƲԵȭ
飡
ƲؿڣƲҷɳȥʮԶлɫѪڿС
ϣٶȿ켫ҶݺѹƲؿڡ
ƲԿѪٴκɡ
ѹ£Ӷ˫ȭľڣӶȭѹƲԴ򣬷һȭͷӴƺ
ƲԴͻȻʢһĴɽ˳
̼䣬Ĵɽҹ⽻ֱ֯ӽС
磡ʥӵͨһУٲ
ǿ߼
Ʋӱǰҡ
飡
ޱ飬ɫȭͷնϣֱƲԵϡ
ôܣ
࣬ô᲻ѹƣ
ɫ䡣
츳ͨ󣬿ɺ˸Сսң޵УǿֶΡһ֣һֻܲȻܹк裬лˣʵ̫ˣ
ƲԱɫܿ죬˫б˸׿Ĺ⡣
ܺãϹȻܹ죬ԵסĻ磬ȻڱĻжܲ򵥣һƲٴζˣʮָ𶯣ǽ֯һƬҹıˣɱ㣬ѹɽȺϼһúоѪⱾԴ
ˣ
ΣȻһǿͨѹһС
һЦ
ñɱҵĺҶ˵һСľͱҸˡ
һһĴɽԼ䣬޵˳
ɽ嫣лɫ⻪ӿ
磿
ʥӵ࣬Ȼ
ǿ߱ɫ
ƲԵʱøǳң鲼׹⣺ĴԹȻ٣ֻСϾȻܽݻ̬ŭХһƲɱӿϧֻͽͰˣ㱾ʮ֮һ
ԡ
Ц
Ȼ䣬Ȫ֮
һʱ䣬ֲƵһС
㣡
ͬһƶŵĻ֮ԴϢµľˡ
ֻģ˵ѣСѵǴ֮ã
ƲԺȵ
ɫ𶯣ƲһɵĹȣӰܼˡ
Ӱ쵽£˺
׻ŵŵŵĺ˳ȥʮԶѪһ󷭹
ʶ󣿣
΢


365 ӡ
ʶΨݻԽʶԽǿֲϾƹ˵޵ʷϣ˳ʶҲԽ˸СսնɱǿУ˿Ҳͨ
䣡
ƲĹڳһӰ񱩣ͬѪˮȾİ㡣
Ӱܼ鲼ƲܣһѪϢһּΪ˵ĸо
ʥӵʶȣ
ȼĳͨ
Զľ
Ʋ˫ĿɭȻ׿һܼӰӭϡ
üչ߶ĹŴӭϡ
ȫ
Ʋ
ӰƲԵ־ŤһеС
ǚiܼӰ˸
ӰϮɱٶǳľˣǣȴһһεıܿ
ÿ죡
Զǿ߾ȡ
һʼǿ߶ıĮ˿У˶ѾŨŨľ⣬ˣ׾Ϳնɱǡ
ƲԶ죬һ붯
䣡
𶯣жһһ֮⡣
ɫʱо˾޴в
ǚiһתһƬ֯ԡ
ն
³һ֡
ҡҷһƬƬڰĳնȥ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
նһһ
Զǿٴζݣ¶ľ֮ɫܹڻߣȻֶʲô
ʶ󣡡
һ˾
ƲԿЦ˫еɱȴǸˡ
Ӱ죬ƲҲѹȥһȭѹ¡
ɫ䵭ǚiһչӭǰ
ɱ
ɱ
ͬʱȵ
ɫȭɫȭײһδνĿռ˶
ܣӰֱײնأ໥ԲãĿң𶯳һһԵĹ⻪ܵľһһ顣
У޾֣ȫԶ
ˣ
ǿ߱ɫơ
ȺʿطѾûӰ
𣡡
ƲͬҰްø׿
Ȼ䣬ʮָ붯һ֯Уÿһ·ԻһУռᴩһѺۡ
ٺһ

˫ֽӡ𣬹âʢѹҰ˻ġ
䣡
һ޵ײΪģԲʮڵȫ˴ѣزƣľ飬һֲ쫷硣
Ʋ˫ð⣬Ұԣͷ­ĺмֵ
ôҲǻ壬㿾ˣҲҲܺн
Ц
ԣ˭Ҳ˭չֶΣһδγײһ
طԪûһУϢֲĺˡ
ۣ
ܻƲָѪۣƮڿУЩĿ
Լ䣬ԿڵĹͷ
ƲָѪЦɭȻɲһ˺Ѫ⣡
ؿڴʹ񱩵ڣֱӿȳһѪ
ʥӵָڴֲɴݻһУ
Զľ
Ѫֻоһɿ񱩵ڳҪʹĸӾңңؿڴ˿ڴϣѪϡ
Ȼˣɫȴޱ仯
ɱʱʹ࣬ȳ̶ȵʹûκ
ǚiһһӰֱƲǰ

ƲԺХʮָٷŹâ磬졣
𶯳ͼ˶
ͣ
һ죬ƲԵʮָʱ
㡭
飡
ϣճȭ״ͼݺӡƲϡ
ƲԴ𣬶ʱٴζݣֱӳ䣺ҵ
һʱ䣬Ӱ顣
츩Ӷ£һζһȭƲؿڡ
ȣ
ƲԿѪؿڴͷѵ
һȭƲԣ֮ûаͣٴαƽ
û˿ڣӶȭһδƲϡ
飡
飡
飡
ǿ£ÿһȭ¶һ졣
ƲԱ䵽һʱǱ˼㣬ͷɢ˿
ʥӣ
ɫԼһʥǱ
˴𣬳ǰȥ

֣һ쫷ɨɳȥʮԶ
ǚiһƲǰٴһȭ֮ɣһҡҷȫ֯ŻƲѹȥ

飬ѹ£ʩչɱ
ƲԴһø׿оȻʵԻ

һ죬ƲԸâʢ
̼䣬Ӱ֣ӭܼȥ
춯ݣ屾Դ𣬾ȻôӡؿѪѪƲԵҲǸЩƲܲˬȴòϣԷĺܿ£ܹͬǿĿֲ
һҧ˫ֽӡٴʩչ
䣡
ȭ磬ĴɽӣһһԻ
ָ
ƲŭХ
ʮָ˸ѹʮƬնˡ
˵ײâڸһС
飬ƲԵָѿٶȳ嵽һȭȭײײ𶯳һһ͸Ⲩ
۵һٴѣҼ类һָᴩѪȾա
ΪͬˣֻǱ¿ݹǣ
Ʋ絶
ͬΪЦ趼ϲ

һչݻ׼ǧ
һԻһӰǧֱ鲼ҵĳƲԺȥ
һƣǧ
ۣ
ƲԺɣ㱻ֱӴڿС
ƶӰһƶⶼںƵ𶯶ϡ
ﬣ
̶ıӰǧֻ֮ϣбԻǵǽǴꪣƿֲЩˡ
һʱ䣬񷶼
ƲԴ𣬿ȴӦʱ䣬ǧͨ𶯣һС
飡
һΣƲԺɣǻɫѪֱӿ
ֻǣȴһƬɭȻ糤ǿʢûа˥ļ
ӱѪȾȫϢȴ۷塣
䣡
ǧֺٴѹϡ
ԪɱӿԶǿɫҰף̲ס
ƣ̫ǿˣ
Ʋ˫׿ͷ裬ʶΪ֮ڣӭ
ӡ
Ʋȡ
һΪ֮谵һɼΪѹֵϢת·ҪٻһС
Լ䣬ոֳһ޴ĻɫӡԲʮڵĿռȫУʱɫһ䣬о˾޴в
ֻǣη塣
˫֣ԻһѪɫѷ죬ʱһĲֱɢ
䣡
ʱĩɽ𶯣ԶһǿҶĲ
ƲͬʱɫıͷԶ
ʥӣҩڣ񡭡˴С磡
ǿ߾


366 ԩ·խ
ƫͷԶȥԸоһϢ˳ǳˡ
ƲҲڶǸӷҡ
ߣ
ԶƲֱӳԶνҩȥ
壬㲻Ҫãã죬ʮ֤Ҳ̽ҩѰı
̡
ǲգһǰС
û·ϣһЩûʲôԣƲЦңҪߣȻȥһųǿľŴĵк֮ǻһ˿лãɶֽ֣֮Ϊ·һֹʡ
Ϊǣƾ㣬Ҷκβˣǡ
켥Ц
Ʋɭ絶ͷ­ǱģڱУ¡
ʥӣˣʥأϹңиǰǵþ졣
С
ƲԵͷɭȻɨһۣ˲ϢԶȥ
ۣûأҲǶԶ
ҩ
һԶ
֮ǰһͨǿߵĹ궼Ǳ鲼ΣοǲǷĹҩδɵǰıչ֮أɲΪƽ˾
ԣһҲŸȥǰ̽̽·Σ񲻸á
УԼʱӰܼǰһѵĴɽͷȥֻŶѵĴɽȱڴһѷ죬ȥ·Ƭһ㣬ַ·໥ţìܡ
ȥ
Ѿܶǰȥˣﶼˣ
ܵõһ˿Ҿˣ
ѷг塣
Ƿѷ죬Զ£նУС
ûʲôĸо·ֻǿһͨżѣУСǳ󣬱ȵһ嫵ˣһ·ͨǰ
ͨҩ֮

·᫣вʿϣûͣŻ·ȥ
СڵǳŨоżз
ɽ·Уģܺ˵İɫ

һҽдǰת۰ȥ
ҽһʱܲʿɫ
˭ڶ֣
ûûС
ǸղԱߣ˱һƣȻ󡭡Ȼֱˡ
˾ֵ
ʲôһƣֱˣ
ԣľ
ϱǿߴżмأĩɽƬɵأвͨɾǿ޹ƬдܳƬɵأܾˣƬɵأС縲š
ʲô
ǣɵأͨǿ˲٣ǡˣ
ô
Ⱥ
żżϼţɵΣգֻʱΣգɢȥҲͰȫˡ
֮ǰٴοڡ
ǰô죿
̡
¹û˸Ҵ⡣
վԭزҪһɵڵˣǴƶС
ߵ
лǰָ㣡
ܣʿԲжվԭء
У˶֪ĩɽ˿ɵأȻǶҶϾƬ׵أͨɾǿڶܹɵ
üɨܡ
ĩɽɵأҩδɵʱݻС磬ҪΪסƬɵأֹʿ޹У

һ룬ȷʵпܡ
оǴؾʣе¡
վԭأûжֻüǿʶƵܡ
̽ѰЩʲôղûʲôջ
ܿ죬ǰвҽд
״ˣȡ
ȻֹʧӰ١
ˣҪȴɢȥһҲҪƶ
еͳ
ƫͷʱһޱϤĸо
״ˣ
΢΢ۣŵİԴء
ԶվʮˣѪΪ׵һˣ£ǿ
׼ҵˣӡ΢㶣Цδꡣ
޼ʱӴһҪɱǼǵ÷ǳ
վԭأȡɫгһ֧ʸֱӴڹϡ
ಣ
΢һɣʸһɫ磬𶯳ƿ֮
ʸٶȿ켫գۼƽӺء
Ӿ۷壬ǿᣬȻо˷ɱ⣬һƫͷ˹ȥ
˭ڶ֣
ɭȻ
ʮ׼ʿ䣬طȻ˸Ҷǰ׼Ҷ֡
ҡ
һЦ
г֧ʸ˹֮ϡ
ȥŵİɫֱſݡ
㣡
ӱɫ
죡
ӣ

׼ʮ˸Ŀ¶ɱ
Ⱥɱ׼ʮˣٰ׼ݵ㣬߽ܶɱˣνǰ׼ĺ֮ˣǰ׼նɱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƬɵڣʿҲǶɫ
죿Ǹ죿
پŴͥˣȻ
׼Ҿ˵дǼһȻʱУ
ľ
ǴЦһˣǲ뵽ĸ֣ԩ·խ
㡭
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
Ӹ³һ㡱֣ʱ䣬ƿյ֧ʸգ۶
֧ʸɫ磬նŤˣƴ˱ɫ
֧ʸûж׼ӣǳ֮ǰڵ׼ʿ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫը׼˱ᴩؿڣֱӵѪС
ȣ䣡ԣ

죬
׼ŭ
ȴǵЦƵ᣺
Žɫ󹭣һ֧ʸȫ˹֮ϡ
תۼ䣬ɫٴαԲ
ƿ֧֮˲Ϣɳ
׼־ŭʱǲƶΪΣգȴȡ˹ƶԽԶ빥ɱʹǷǳı
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ俪׼˱ᴩ˵ʬ屻ϳʮɶԶը
˻
طһʿ̲סҺֻ̫ˣϹһӶ˿Ҳûй˼ɣЦɱˣ
⡭
Ǽһ˵Ѿվ֮ǰŴ̵ͥˣźԶҲļʸԶɱǿУܿ£ɵ˶ƶµĹ
׼Щˡ
С
죡
ྭ͹
ʱ򣬾ƬɵУǲƶǳΪĻӡ
ýеôҶܺãܹüЦٴζ֧ʸһΣ֧ʸ׼˰ӣһ˵޼ɱңҿһֱǵãݶ飬ôҲû԰ɡ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ƿ֮صֱưӶȥ
֧ʸǹעǿԪƷʮصĳʸƴˣȻǿҲòݣҴ⡣
Ц׼ҸڶΪ˲𣬴û˸ҷǣܿϧͲǺǵˣԭأٴζ֧ʸ׼˰Աˣ˵ˣǰ׼ҵСһЩҪǰҼһɱһɱһ˫


367 ڹ
˾һߣҾһɣɱңֻܻӶ
һԭ
ɫĮŰӣ֧ʸֱĳӡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ɫʸնĿռ䶼ƴˡ
ͬһʱ䣬еĹɿָʸǰ
⡭
ǿ
̫ˣǽ׼һ˵˰
ļ£ֻüûмô׺ݵˡ
Ȼ㳯ϹһӶ
֧ѣΪ˵õң

˭ֻ֧ˣ

һߣ֮ǰȥļʸļ
һ˲䣬ʮ֧ʸŰȥ
ǣ
֮ǰȥļʸȻԼˣ⣬ôܣ
ǴϲĿرһǵ
Ⱥݡ
Щ˲µĵǲʱȷʵչ˿ر
ӵɫúѿ˶Ŀ¼ʸɱȻΪǳǿ󣬵ȴҲվŲˣվŲѿȫ
޿κ֮£ֻó
ˣ
δɢȥ̫Σˣ
վűɱɣ
⡭
Ҳǣɡ
˶ݡ
һߣŰӳ׼ʿҧҲ˸߿УԼǿֶΣĳɫʸ
ӳХնУȥն㣡
⡭ʲô
ͻȻ󴫳
׼ʿһ˱һĪڹˣסСȡ
ɣ
а׼˸Ϲȥ
ͻأ䣬һڹ𣬽ûС
ۣ
ۣ
գۼ䣬׼ʿըѪˮڵϣ˵صס
ȺһĻľֻü
ղţղš
⡭
Ĺâ⣬ɵǡ
׼ҵʿ˵ɫò԰
üһĨ⡣
ţڹԵص׳ʱʶڵӦҡҷķǳ
Լ䣬ƺһֻɫצӡ
ûиоǵʲô
е
ŭȥҪԮȴѾû˱ҪΪѾˡ
ǲҪٶȥɱ
Ӻȵ
죬ӵΪ죬ôܻ
У֮ǰ⼸Ҳɱˣǿɶˣվǿߣ
ŭХһڿʩչ׼ǧִͨһ޴ѹ졣
ߣһ߶ͻ磬Űӭȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ٴο׼Զİ׼ˣΪվŲܻȥˣɣ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
һɣ֧ʸɿı׼ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬׷ڰܵʮ֧ʸͻأı䷽֧ʸϳɱ󣬵˷С
׼˱ɫԼͨ⡣
ֻκΣ˵Ϊֻճڣεסĳʸ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۼ䣬˱ʬӿ׹䣬һڹ⸲ǣѪ顣
һĻһʿļ£
Ϊɱ׼ʿΪɵسЩڹ⡣
ʲô
˻̿֡
նУŭ

һ𣬰ǧִͨ𶯣Ļɱ졣
ͬһʱ䣬չͨһƬŨѹ·ѹС
׼ҵ䣡һƣһ
ʿ
ŨƱ任򣬻û״ɱ졣
ü΢΢ݡ
òϣӷǳǿ󣬳ϹңʵȾŴ̵Щ۷ǿǿ˲ֹһов
¡
ǧͻ磬ǻɱ⣬ת۱䵽ǰͨһһǿĹɱߣüͷһ
ûа취ֻó𣬲ǚiܿͨΧɱ
Ϲҵ۷ǿߣǲһ
ɫĮ
һգɫ࣬ĴһȻղΡ죬˫ۺܿǱɱգնͷ­
䣡
ǿĲɢ˽һ
۷壬ӵԪѾﵽ˻ֻһ˿ܳ׻ˣ
˵
ۣȷʵӦ˰ĿɲϢ޾⡣
ŰӣЦɵرôǿϢͲ֮ǰǼһ㣬ɵصڹɣ
Ҵһľأɵ䣬ɣҲȱɡ
䡣
ǿһʧ
Ц
Ӻ˫۳ɱ⣬һiѹȥǧִͨͨٴϣѹ¡
ǚi߶֮ɱǰ
䣡
𶯣һѺۡ
ǿ
ǰ꣬ΪϹҵˣ۷壬ȴֻճڵΪǣܿס
⡭
𺳡
棬о˾޴ѹ˺ǿһҲȻ
Ȼϲ̫Զ
а
ʱɵط⣬ʮڹһͬʱͰӡ
ֳˣ
һʱ䣬˽Աɫ
ڹ⣬һֻֻɫצӣдżΪµϢ
üǚiһӰܡ
ÿٶȣ
ľ
ҲܣiתٶҲܿ
ﬣ
ʱʮʸϮɱӡ
˿ر
ӱɫһ߶ܹڹ⣬һļʸһܿ⵽˴鷳һڹ⽫Ȳƣʱ䷢ƺߣԪ̴ҡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڹѹӸǡ

ŭϢ˥
һĻһʿļ£ǿ۷ǿߣȻҲסڹ⡣
ǹڹ̫ˣܹ
ٶٿҲûð
ѹֵͨǿ
ǱߣǿҲ⵽鷳ˣ
⣬аڹ˹ȥΪɱ׼ˣҪԼȥˣ
˾㤡
ѣ˿Ҳ鷳ܼڹӵص׳𣬲ץ
鿪
һ𣬰ڳһű⣬ϵڹ忪ٽڵϣҲҶһʱ䣬Ҳûڹٳӳȥң鿪ڹۺһת䷽򣬾Ȼɱ˹ȥ
ǿµڹ⣿
⣬ղű⣬ƺһر
пܣ
ʿ
Ӵ˿ԵúǱЩںڣԭǿʢѪ˥࣬·𱻳һ룬ͬʱԪ͹໹ɡŴӶ죬ҷһɱĶҿôȥ
ϣƣٵڹ׷
ܿ죬ڹΧ£Ҳûܵ·
ˣ
˽е
˫ðâɣ
ܼڹѹ£ˣ·һ֧֧ħצܽһж˺ѡ


368 д
ڹЩֲٵܣȫȫС
ˣ
ʿҡͷڹͨɾǿ߶ɹǿܵס
һ޾ڹѹ£׽츲ǡ
Ϣ֯ܡ
Ľ֣

һڷ˶
Ϊʲô֣
Į
ϣڹƿգֳӰ
ʱԻһƬڰɫĹâ֯һƻá
Ӷʱݣ˫ۡ
𣿣
⡭ôܣ
ڹ⣬ͨɾڶɹȻסˣ
һʿľ
Įӣգһ˹ȥ
ˣ
ҡɵصͻأڹ⣬ĳϮȥ
ԹԵǰУϣһƬƬƮͬǾһ㣬ڵڹȫն˸飬Լ䣬Ĳҽ˳
ննɵڹ⣡
⡭
ڰɫǣʶ󣿣
ʶֻĶɿֶͨ𣿡
֮ǰйĴţȻģ
һʿݡ
ննһڹ⣬䵽档
ҽڵһ壬ǿĵ涼ҡһ£ͬһʱ䣬һƬƬڰӵرû֮£̼ڹ
ӭŰӣһ˹ȥ
İӣԪɣڹش⡣
㡭
ľȥ
һζڰǰֱһƽ֮ĵڳС
˵ʧġ
ɵصףڹһ˲䣬ʶڵͿʼҡҷڹ˷ӦûڹϸӦǼȻܹӦôоųɵİգԵסȹڹ⡣
ʵһ
飡
̧һţֱӽ߷ɡ
ӿѪعǶ˼ŭ졣
һǧ֣ʩչͨһѹ
ֱ̧֣һƸķ顣
ڵ㣬ʲô
鵭Į
˿̵İӣѾȫûѹǳ
ڰǰһţ߷ɡ
ӵ䵽ԶѪɫǲ԰ס
۸ĸоΣ
ʵ
ȻʱƽһŰӱȥ
ڣֱɱ˰ӣǣǲܽ׼Ҵ޼űƳ⵽׷ɱûô׾ͷйȥ
Ӵʩչơ
䣡
һ޴ӡѹ䣬ڱ˷ơ
ֻһƣһ
ڰǰ֣ٴһŽ߷ɡ
ãǿ
һͨѵ岻ɣ
ãÿֲ
ľ
ͬһʱ䣬˸оӿϹŰ׼ҵһҪȴǱ裬һһŵ߷ɣʵЩѿ
죡
α߷ɣӿѪԵ衣
ŭ裿ٽд㡣
Ц
ǰֱһŲڰؿڣ涼ѿˡ
ӿѪ߹ֶ˼£ѷͬ֩һӿȥ
˲ڽµζô𣿡
۵
㡭
飡
̧ȣٺݺһѹ£ʱһ̲סҽС
޼ɷϣ׼Ҷô磬ôǿơ
ڣôǿˣ
ǿưóϹż
ģһ
ķϣͬһѿ
ҽŲŰؿڣɫмĺ
ΪǵĶ
̧ȣһѹ¡
һӵ߹ֱȶ˼
㣬㡭󡭡
ŭ졣
֮˵ɣʼ˭ɱҡ
ԴͷһҪҳ
ЦŶ죬ȻῪڡ
Ϊ㲻ڣҾͲ鲻üɢƵʶһһĨĹüģҲûָеõʲôԼ
㡭ȥ
Ӵ
жһֱӴš
ƺߣķȶʱ
ܿ죬¶âʶжӰߣһ̩׺ҵӢͨɾ϶
죡

첻мĿٴڰϡ
ۣ׼ҵ޾ҲܸȤ֪ѧ˶
˵ţüٴ
⡭
ҵ죿׼ҵ޾
Ӱ׼һᷢģ
һʿԣļ¡
Ӹǵһɫ䣺ס֣㲻ô
ߣס֣ʶٴûʶ
ģȥ
ӴȻؿڱһҲҵ
ݺһŲڰؿڣǿðӰ
ʶڰʶѰ٣ܿ죬ҵ˹޾ټڰӵʶڣһƹĶ
޾Ϣ
ʶһֱӿ˹ȥ
ʱһö˸ķĳ֣֯˿˿ƵĻϢ
ƣ
ֻоͨһ˲Ϣˣʶڼʶ
ҽֱ̧һŽ߷ɡ
ϣϢʱÿ
죡
ӴУ֣ͬʱдŨŨԹޡ
ۣ
һ죬ֱԶը
ԵĲ֯Ƭռ䣬һ˱ɫ
ǣ
ôͻȻͻȻըˡ
죬ʲôǿĻϢ
ʿľ
Զð֮ǰƵ£׼Ļһȥ̽Ѱӵʶܻø³
ˣӦȽʯȡϹҵˣӦвٺö

ԶĵʱһֻоֱǸħ
ƫͷɨܣɢȥڹӿܿҪӵص׳
ⶫʲô
΢΢ü
ЩڹⲢûоаϢǣоֲʲôö
˶٣ڻҡҡͷ
ˡ
һŻ·ǰȥ
ɵغܿ£ڣη壬Կסǵȹڹ⡣
ܿ죬Ӱʧǰڡ
⡭
Ȼж
ղųʶƺԵֵڹ⣡
ɵضӲֱǡ

ľ
ͬһʱ䣬˿˰׼Ҽ˵ʬһļ¡
Ѿȷҩδɵǰĵɣܻıдϵ׼ӦҲд֣Ȼʱɱ׼ˣڻ뿪⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ľ
һԭأû˶Ϊûɢ

촩䣬Ҳڹ⣬һһ顣
Լһʱ䣬ǰɢ漴ûټ
߳ɵء

̧ͷǰֻԶһɽɽԵúͨɽϣȴԼһһĶš


369 ̫
ȥܽʵȴЩԶ쵭ɨһۣǰȥ
·Щ᫣Уû߶ãˡ
壬Ʋԡ
ƲԶ죬ɭ䣬絶罣ĵͦ죡
Ҳû죬֮ǰôҵıˣ
Ų
Ʋ컰еķ̣ʱɭ
죬ȵ⻹Ҫ
쵹Ǻ⣬۶Ʋԣ˵֪ԭʲô֮ǰһһϣòᣬıһֻ޴İϰɣ
࣬Ҫ̫ƲȵǾźᣡ
΢ź᣿
ƲԣۣЩ졣
ͼ¼ϿźΪԶʱһֺպ񣬳оͷǿʢ磬ǸʱҲ˽źΪ
ͷСҲֻͷѣ˺ζһҰá
˵
ʱŭקȭͷ졣
ƲԵǱøǱɱ¾Ϣ
˵֮ǰɱƵġ
⡣
ƲпᣬԭҪɽϳ壬˿ȴͣһ졣
䣡
дŻɫȭͷ˺һУƿֲˡ
ߣܣͬȭӭϡ
Դ׿ԵĵˣҪȶԷ׿񣬸Ե
ˣ
ӳɫȭռ䱻Ļζͬһı˰㡣
תۼ䣬˱ٴսһ
˺㣡
Ʋͷ裬˫۳Ұԡ
ƾ㡣
Цݲȡ
ײԪԾһʱղϻζ
Զɵеʿ˹
ǣ
壬УǸ죡
ǼһȻںͻһս
˽Աɫ
˵ĶԾûãһʿǸľ
ǰʮɺͼʥأͨɾ˿ɵ޵У죬ȻȻܹס壿ļ£ǿ尡ѾվãȴòƲŸվ£Ȼܡ
սƲԣ·˶𺳡
ĿʥؼʥӴ˲ɣ
˶ˡ
νʥӣʥأϹҺɽһǿߵĳνˣڶֻ˶ѣһεˣҲ˵δĵڶߣδľͷڣ쾹ܺһͬʥӿ⣡
һĲ
һﲻ壬Ҳʥҳôôǿ
⡭ֱû
ôҲĦˣ
˶𺳡
ӵĮɭ˽棬ֱɱ⡣
Ϊ˵սŤΣ˿ٳźȥ
һȻڻ·϶Ծȥ·סˣ
˰ա
ɽۻƣдĵҩıչ֮һеıضǷУ˶ϿȥǴ˿̣ͻڰ·Ծ׿ɱһϯ˸ҿȥǸ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
һ𶯿ռ䡣
ƲԽɱ˭Ҳ˭Ť˿ռ䣬һۡ
һĻֱҺһд̬
ȭͷĶʹ˿ռ䣬ʲôһֻͨɾǿ߲ž߱ǰɣ
ͻȻ촫
ƺǿ󷽣ͷһɫ쳵ֱڶ
ͷӳ죬ɢżΪŨҵѪϢһʿ󣬸ͣ£ôֱֱĳײ˹
ʱ䣬һʿԾ
ǡվĴ
վ⡭
ʲôˣôǣ
Ⱥɫ
վѾԻûΣȴǱֱ̫ˡ
һʿɫ쳵ܿǱɫ
ɫ쳵ӡǣǣϹҵı־
˽г
ʱ䣬Ⱥɫһ䣬æ˿Ϊ쳵·
ͷɫ쳵ƵѪǿð̣Ÿǰȥ
ǰƲսһ𣬽ȭȭ˸ɱ⡣
ͷڱܣлԴתƲս
𣡡
һͷ˸׹⣬һֱǰ㣬̤ȥ
˵һ죬ն̤Ťˣɼһֶǿ
⡭Ȼֱ̤ȥ
Ҫһе·ߣ
ɣȵ˿ǡ
ԶҺ
Ʋսһ𣬿ǣһȴ˲һ㳯ͷ­ֱʱһ䡣û˿Ķڳ֣һƳžһϡ
Ƥգɴʱȴ˲䱻ķɣĲҽС
飡
޺ɣɫ쳵ʱʧȥƽ⣬Ҳһ൹ȥ
һ޼״ɫæɫ쳵ȶ
סΣ޴һɱ⡣
⡭
˵ҲԿ죬Ȼһƾͱķˣ
ҹսҲ֪λ죬ֱӶ֣
׿񣡡
ó°
ʿɫ
ͬһʱ䣬סս¶ɫսڴˣ죡峤ᵽ죬֮ѹ󽻸׼ңıҵ⡣
ɫ쳵ûֱ쳵ƿһӰ˳
һߴӰڷ磬˫Ŀ䣬ȥԼʮңͨ嶼⻪ƣϹ㡣Ӱ߳ܣ·һֳҵ׹·ϣĲ
ʥӣŻͣ
ŻͣǸ̫壿˾ȻˣҲ
ǰ˳ֹһΣҲǰս£ͬ˿ɵУһЩϱﶼη壬Ƕ֣ȥΪָǺεǿˣ
ƣͬһ˰ɣϾ̫尡
˽Աɫ
Ż絶ڷ磬ɫԵһƬĮʼһ֣սͷޱǹ£˵Ҳǲ⣬ΪʹȴǹĹڵأȻӭŻʹɫ쳵߳
ԶƲԽͣߡ
ľ˵Ϣǿ޼ﶼԶԶ޷֮ȡ
Ʋ˫Ŀ⣬ҰԣֱĶŻ͡
̫壡
ΪʥӣƲŻ͵ţϾͬˡ
پ̫壿
ʮУֻδֹҲۣʮһ壬ԻǿԵף̫̫壬ǰˣȻ̫壡
Ż͵գɨǰƲԣϣ䵭Į
ﬣ
̧һҵ׽ƾԻֱӳȥ
һֱա
ԶһɫһԱȵ֮ͨˣ
춯ݣҲǸоһĿ£ĪѹȸС
ͬʱҲñ
ˣ
һӡһصͼָӭǰ


370 ̫
ͼԻ˲֧һıݣҵ׽
һž죬һ
Уͼֱӷ顣
ʹ𺳣Żͣǿ󣬼ɿͨǿˣ
ʲô˼

ŻɫĮڣֻ̧֣һѹ¡
וּһֱŤȵĿ͵졣
о˾޴ѹֱӽǰӭȥ
䣡
໥ײʱһĺ
գΨ׻֮⽻֯ڿУǵɢ
ɫսԱߣͷ¶֮ɫ죬Ҳʮ߰ңȴȻȺ˵ɱҪ֪ǵ˿̫尡Ϊ۷壬һЩͨͨǿ߶С
ŻĿĮһԻ𣬹âҫۡ
ҵͨꪣ
˾
ԻƾףҪѹһС
üоŻ͵Ŀ£ͬһ̫ħɽ㡣ڶͬУսƲԣȴδϸоֲϢŻͣо˷·նɱͨǿһ㡣
ܿ£
ѹ޴󣬵ǣûη֮ġ
ˣ
ͼٴ۶ͬһʱ䣬磬ȪĴɽͱӵ߶ض
Ȼ䣬ѹ¡
ꪷ׼죬ĿĹâ֯ʮš
첻壬ԾȪӭϡ
ʱһᴩ֮䡣
ƲĿ¶ɭ⣬һ˹ĶŻͣҵ
ŻƲԣһοڣ壬˿
ʥӣŻɫĮֻڿһͨʿ
˵ˣǱ
Ʋ
һߣ춢ˣâӿ
ŻͲ˵ʲôٴ۶ͬʱƲѹ
һѹˣ
䣬ͬʱ˳ȥ
𣡡
Ʋͷ裬ɫ˺أֱӳŻɱȥ
Żһ羵һıâ䣬ֱӽƲˡŻ֣̽һ޴ӡԻ˺󣬳ѹȥ
䣡
𶯣产ˡ
ˣüͷ
ŻͣԪѾµĳ̶ȣûʲôԪԵĲˡ
ٽӡչӡ֮߶ޣӭŻ͵Ĵӡȥ
գײһ𣬷һ͵졣
飡
쵹ɣֻоѪڣѪҺƺҪӿ
ŻһĨâȻû뵽ܹ֣ͨһ٣ٴγ֣ͬĴӡѹȥ
Ǳ

ƲԵգĴɽԻ˻
ŻƳĴӡ˲䱻顣
Ʋӭնϣ𶯣һС
Ļ򣬿ɲݻȡ
תۼ䣬ƲԱǱƵŻͽǰֱѹȥ
⡭
壬̫塭
ҪĶԾ
һʿԾ
˶ϣ¶â
ĶԾǺټ
΢΢һȡɫ󹭣ͬһʱ䣬һΣ֧ʸ֣ȶ׼Ż͵ͷ­
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ƿ֮ص֧ʸƳգͬ糯Żͳȥ
ááµļʸ
ļ¡
֧ʸÿһ֧شʮǿͻԪǻԵɱĿռһĺƺһ̾Ҫ鿪
֧ʸ첻ͣ£ٴοһʮ֧ʸ
ﬣ
ʮ֧ɫʸϳɴ󣬴ӸŻ͡
һʱ䣬ΪɱԻʿ𺳡
Сģ
޿ڡ
ŻƲԵĻ磬ʱʮ֧ʸһɱ֣ɫȴǺޱ仯һ𣬶ʱдƬɢ



ļʸ뱻ڿо;ѡ
ͬһʱ䣬Żһꪣ֯ŲĹԣƲʮԺƫͷŻǰĶ죬һο粽죬һѹ¡
ߣֻ̧ݻһѪɫѷ졣
Լ䣬֮д
䣡
һֻצ̽Ż͵Ĵ𿪡
վ磬٣ʵǿ࣬ʱٴݻͨѾʱǰˡ߶Ѫɫѷ̽ĹצŻץȥҪ֮¡
һʢƲԳĻУ޳ɱ
һʱ䣬նѺ۱鲼
䣡
ŻڳǿϢҿ񱩣ͬκ˰ˡ
Ʋͬʱ𿪣ǽӿѪ
ǿ󣡷ǳǿ˼ƲſЦ˫ĿҰԹԣУ˻һ׿ĶסŻͣǰ޵еڶһһսն㣬ͬһʱ䣬ƲɭȻҲǶס죬ʶ󣬽֡
һĻһʿԾ
Ǹ۲۵ķӣ
Һ
̫Żͣǰʹ죬øǿ󣬾ݴһЩͨͨǿ߶Ƕ֣ʱƲѹŻͣȴͬһʱʶɱȦڣʵЩ׿һ˼ð
һüĹâʢ
ˣ
Իڰ껯һɱ⣬ӭƲԡ
ͬʱŲһΣȭͷ˸ԣץŻ͡
ˣ
򵥵һȭֱ̮ˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ͻ棬â𶯣似ͨ˷
УƲҲڽ֣Ĺɱ֮ȴǼŻϣΪĺǿȻȻ˺ɱȴҲǰҲ˵ԷУ˸˲ٴˣԪⶼû
䣡
Żһɾ˵Ϣ
Ȼ䣬ֳһҵĹâƣ̵۾
ǡ
ǰԻֶΣǡ̫
ǡ̫ͨ
˽Ծ
ŻӵĮ̫˲ѹУƲԵĻ硣
ȣ
ƲԿѪʮԶ
ͬ壬ͬ߶Ծǿ˲ˡ
ŻͣԶƲǿ
ɳͬһˣ˿ֲսһͨǿҲа
һʿļ¡
ŻƫͷĮס졣
ˣ
̫ѹ䣬ʮת۱ǽ츲С
⡭
ˡ
ˣ
ܣʿҡͷ
µ̫綼У֮նͨǿߣվܵס죬ʿҡͷһǿˣҪڴĻˡ
ϧˡ
ϧ
Ȼһ̣˱ɫ̫У첻˿ѹƣնϣһȭŻͱ˹ȥ


371 ʶ
Ż͵һζݣڼ䲻ݷܿǿһȭ
ʲôˣ
һΣŻͳ쿪ڣĺâ̫жѹƣ
һŻ͹Ȼǿǵ¾Ȼܿȭͷ
ӱ䣬һԲѪɫѷ쳯Żֶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҡҷʶԷ
ôܣ
Ȼ̫ж
̫ѹƣ
ʿԺȻ
֧ͨ󣬿ɺ˸Сս̫̫ɲ̫һͨǿҲУҪڣһվʿܹ̫йɱ屾
̫ˣ߸˵֪
ԶͷҲĿ⾪䣬һμֵܹ̫
䣡
Ѫɫѷ죬תۼŻͽǰ
Ż͵һꪣ춴ȥ
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬Żһžһͨһ޴
ȴ治ɫҧ⻪ǰУһȭŻ͡
ˣ
ǿһȭֱӱ˿ռ䡣
ŻĴһâٴţ
һⴴ˳ȥʮԶ
̫ǿˣ
ǸЩرսҲܾˣɻǲ̫ܶࡣ
Ϊ̫ˣ
ҡͷ
סӰһ˿Ѫо˴ˡ̫壬ͷܳأһУһ˿µĵˣս̫ˣ
Ż̫ٳͨâƣһѹ졣
ˣ
һâ֯һ𣬹ꪳԣͬκһ㡣
ɫâ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
رתͬʱʮĻ긲ϣӭ̫ͨͬһʱ䣬˫ֿٽӡͼ磬Ȫֶ֮
䣡
һʱ䣬Ϣ֯Ĳ˼
ȹɱƣƿֲԿɱһ۷ʿ
Ż̫ӷһһѹ¡
ˣ
ŤŻ͵ĴϽ֯˿˿ƵĹƣģѹɽӡ
ɫ򵥵һƣһɺ⡣
ҵİ֣
ǵͨųһѹ£ӳƣ
ƺƺȷʵǵͨ
˱ɫ
ֱһУյ鿪ˡ
ȫ⣬ֶΣȴǸãֱӱһĺˡ
Ѫо鿪ˡ
Ż⻪ƣ׵۳Уַת֮䣬ٴγ¡
һƬĮϵĵۻʡ
ˣ
ʱһдɹ
ȺһƬڡ
ҩıչ֮˴ˣ
˾
ȥƬɽۣâƣɫʣضλá
һʱ䣬˵񶼱˹ȥ
Żͣâպɽ۵Ƭ
ˣ
üļ˸һߴӰгݾ֮һ޶
ǣʶ
Ȼֶζˣ
⣬˵һͨɾǿ߶һ
𾪡
ŻɫĮѹ
ʶ粽ǿٴһʿ𺳣
һʶѣƣ⣬ѾԿվǿˣ
˲찡
µ̫壬񣬻Ŀնɱͨǿˣ
ŴʱҲ˰ɣ
ͬһ˿ң
Ĳ
䣡
ҡŻ͵ʶʵһƳѹ£š
𾪣ʶֶڵһʱϾһʶ۳ΣնĪһǿߡǵõʱϾƣԾ죬ǿĺˣû뵽ŻͲѣȻҲܹչƵֶΣԶϾǰ⣬ȴҲ㹻ֲˡ
Ͼֻղΰ
ңΪҪǣоȻĿֲɿվǿˣ
ȥ䣬һ
ʶ
΢΢һɫǚiԶȥ
ƬСܹ·򸽽һƬ֡
ʶԿͨɳǿ߶ܣߣã
һ޿ڡ
⻰ֳɵһƬ
ʶֵܵͨɳǿߣǺεȿֲʵܰ쵽
սĿնͨǿˣ
ļ¡
ŻʼɫĮڿն㳯ɽ۵Ĵȥ
ͷɫս׷ȥ
һߵķ򣬸ҡͷ
죬ûл·ˡ
С
ȻЩֻϧ£漴ǽĿͶԶɽۣĿ¶âĴûһϵɽ۵ĴȴһλԶıչ֮оһʵ
ⲢҪģҪпܲԶʱĵ̣ȶֻҪץһ˿ؼǣܹеõԪıǾԵˣһõζЦѡ
ߣ
˽е
ʱ䣬һѷĳɽ۳ȥ
ƲɭȻֱֱߵķ˫ĿгҰԡ
ʥӣǻҩĴȥɣҪ
С
ƲңջתƵƣɽ۵Ĵȥ
ǿʿһ

·ǚiܿûһƬ֣Զȥȥ
Ż͵ʶɫĮ䱾һ㣬Į׷
ͷɨһۣӸЩ
ܿ죬һӹȥ
ڣľ죬ʱʱ֮졣
ʱͣ
ˣ
Ż͵ʶڣʼպĮ㸩졣
ӣֻЩʱѡ

䣬ü𣬳һƬ
Ż͵ʶĮ󲽳ǰȥѹ졣
䣡
֣ʼһ
һҡҷԷ
Ż͵ʶһǰȻһȴһ
ڰɫײһ𣬴־ֱӱˡ
ô£
߻ɫ
ô¡
Ц
һҡҷ𶯣һƬƬаնԷ
ţŻͱչʶ𾪣뵽Ͼƹ˵ĻʶһʶĿǣʶȣžԵĹɱֵˡǸʱ֪ŻͱǿԼǶ֣ǹӶݣʹŻΪֵ;ʶӶȥɽ۴񣬶ԷӦѾǲٹ˼ɡ
ʶͷˡ
ĵ


372 ھۻӡ
Ʈɣҡҷ֯ǰϯȥ
Ż͵ʶɫֻǶһα֪ⶫĿ¡
䣡
ֳǰĳһۻϮ죬ʶֱӶԶ
ӵ𣡡
Ц
ǚiһչֱ׷ȥ
ʶٶȺܿ죬Ҳ׷
Ҫǣʶٶȸ죬Ӷ̾ռ
ݣ
ƿ֮껮ƿռ䣬תۼʶĺ󱳡
͵һʶֱӱһ
ֻǣ߻ûоʹ鿪ݺݲһºٴγԶȥ
ߣǚiһһӰ׷ȥ
۳ɴ󽣣һХն¡
ʶܣϧȴվЩ۵һնֱۡ
ѹǶ£ʶ鵹ڳ
䣡
ʶ˫۱٣ɢһɼΪֲϢһ쫷磬Ƭܵ޽Բһɱѹȥ
Цĸ߰
ƶżƬֱ꣬һƳ¡
Ķʶһ˦ʮԶն鿪ˡ
ܿ򡣡

ǚiһչٴα˹ȥ
һΣû飬۳ɽһС
ᱻɱ
ʶڣ
ܶ˶˵⻰ϧ󶼱ˡ

וּһѹ£۵һʶѹķ顣

дڣŻһâ㣬һЩʿļʱʶĸӦϿˣԤʾţնˡ
ѣôˣ
һ߿ڡ
̫ʥصһλϣƽռ߸ϣ˿̶ŻȴǷǳ
Żҡͷû˵ʲôǰȥ
Ҳ߰ɡ
һߵ
ͨʥصһλϣΪǿ󣬵ѪȴЩɿݡ
ǿҩʦѰطд

ڣնŻ͵ʶֱԭϥ£תļ
ˣ
Լ䣬֮˸
֮ǰ̫һս˲ˣ˿תļԪԾڵƺܿ޸롣
ܿ죬һӹȥ
Ȭվд
Զ£ڿն𣬳Ŵȥ
ҩȻˣȻȥһ
ƬСܴ־дҲԶٶȣȾȴʲôܿдǰ
ʱ򣬸ƬСʿѾ˴濴ʲôӰ
콵ڴǰǰȥ
죿
һ
ǰһɫսվԱߣͷ˫ǣԵЩ졣
Ǿɫ
ͷޣ
ۡ
ӭ̲סһӼһɺ⡣ŻһսܲǶ֣ǵȴҲӡͷ˿죬ȻЩη塣һ˵˵ʶ׷ɱȥô
쳯ǰȥֱ֣һֻūţҲ׷ҡ
ۣ
գ۵һڵĵķѡ
һ˼״ʱɫವһԶ
бһۣһɨһ⳯Զնȥ۵һ֮ͷ­ն¡
ɨһߵɫսͭ죬ǲ

𶯣һɽɢɫս֧顣
ڡ
Զ£ʯȡһۣ֮סݣ漴ȥ
ںůͣǿһ˿

ʼһǸоŨĵǷǳǿҵĵǴеĵҲصĹɨܣȴǲûмбĴڣҲûе΢΢ü
ԭԶ£ûѰʲôǼǰȥ
ܿտܳû߶ãǰǳ˴ƬӰʿڶս
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ڴĿġ
ȥֻǰʮʿһ鱦񣬱Ѳȱȴ̹ԣܻһڲı
û⣬ǰȥ
ǰд·ط̫ͻˣȻȥ˸ǰ
հɣ
հɣ
հɣ
УнŲߴ
ɫƽһ룬Ȼ̫ͻ嶼߽˴ôԿ϶мֵĶ档
ˣȻΧ
ߣ
ܰ
л𲻵Ļ𣡡
ͻȻо
ƬʿɫҰף·׷
쳯ȥʱɫֻʱĴ˻档
棬ɫ
ؾĵ
ô
쾪ȣƺ뵽ʲôһȭԱߵʯڡ
ʯƿķӡ˸֯һƴĿ
ۻӡ򣡡
춯ݣѹ֮ǰӦŨĵԭΪЩۻӡĴڡ
ۻӡڲͨӡɵһַǳĵƿҩ䣬Ȼ֪ȵӡǿӡһ鿪ӶͷųԵĻ棬ɷٵ
ҩڴ˵ȻڵڿӡȾۻӡѵΪ˷ֹ˴룿뵽ҡͷܡʷأҩ͵һĻʺ壬֮ӡۻӡߴ룬ȵӡһ˴ͨɾûмܹ

ҽ
˱ûֱȼܿǱճ˽̿

ѣǣ

ɫȼգܿ콫һ˸ǡ
ϳЩˣ֮ǰᱦɱʮʿˣ˲ǲµЩʲôЩʿڵɱնںƻеľۻӡһۻӡƻǣľۻӡ𶯳𡣡
뵽ɫһ
䣡
ɫûͣ£ȼգͬҽһ㣬һ·߳
תۼ䣬ܵ嵽ǰ
ǚiˣͬʱ˫ַɿӡһ۳ʮöӡ
ˣ
ӡ˸⣬˦
ʱ䣬͵һ󴫳쵤ת۱û
ϣ

ӡֻǸӣɵĳһֵĵ𣬽ľۻӡ֮ʱɫֹͣǰЩֻкһػȼա
ҩΪʲôڱӡܼľۻӡ
Щɻ
벻ףҲͲˣŵȥ
úǰָʿһȺʿ䣬ܿһС
˼ˣƲԣ̫Żͣ⻹һ꣬ȻҵʱһҩʦߣҩʦܲΪȻֻʶΣĵȴǳˣƷΡңҩʦ߻ߣϢǿͫһ
ͨɾǿߣ


373 ˮ
΢û뵽طȻͨɼǿߡ
˲䣬ǲµЩʲôͨʥأ̫ʥء
ٴԼϢ˫һСʶ󣬿Ըʶ̽Ѱ̧ͷȥֻǰͨ·һʯŵסˣʯŲһ㣬ȴӡӡǣȻǵӡ
ǡ
΢
ϳֵӡҩУΪˮӡܸӣƬʧ
Щɻʯôŷˮӡ
֣Σ
ʱһʻҩʦ
һϮ£Ϊ̫ʥسϣĩԪΪͨɾһ졣
ҩʦ࣬ڵϲʯϵͬһ㣬ܻΣաʱǲʲôӡһж
С
ĩԪ
ֻǴʶ죬һȴǳ뻯ѾﵽƷҩʦĲΣҼǿҩʦ֮һҲˣĩԪΪʥسϣǶȴҲܿϾ໹Ǵ
ජʯţ̵롣
үү뵽𣿡
С
𳳡

ڵһ;ʲţһΣ̫ʥغͨʥǰǡɱǣǴʶһ¡
ƽպܽԼүүǰȴǲΣʵ
ط˶˶ס̫࣬ͬŻҲ⣬˫һߡȻսǿ󣬼նͨǿߣڵһ;ȴ˿⣬ǰ·⣬еӡʯϣֻܵһߡ
ĥĥķʱһ𣬻Ʋ˳ֱһȭʯźȥһţˣ
ɣ
ֹϧȴǳˡ
һƲһȭʯϣʱ䣬ʯųѺۣ֩ӡ
ɲǼ䣬оһĵһ׳գС
ͬʱҲǶݣϣ޳ϣСģйŹֵ
޳ΪӰΪͨʥصһλϣѪԵЩɿݣͬĩԪһ𣬽ǰǲ޵оνĵȴ˿ҲĻȻ˵ȻȻһЩ
һʱ䣬

һ촫ͬ
һ˲䣬ҵ¶˲併͡
ʯѵĸһЩͻأ䣬ˮ
øɾˮ
ʿ졣
˺棬ֽסһģ漴ʱҽֱӱڵˣʿĲҽУٸɿݣתۼڻΪһ̯Ũˮ
һĻʱ˱ɫ

ҽУ˲䴫ܡ
ʯڳˮԽԽ࣬ޱȸɾȴǳΣգմһξͻ
ȹˮȻ̫嶼΢΢ɫƲԸæˣˮ
ˮ

Ļ˽ɫ䣬ȻҲǶݡ
ԶŴ˵Уһֱͨڤˮȴˮ򱻳ڤӡˮǳΣգͨǿߵסһˮմϣֻҪһζ֮ѡ
ˣ
ˣ
ĩԪӰ֧һĻС
ͬʱ˼⣬ˮ𿪡
ߣŻͳ̫ƲԳ磬Ҳǽˮ
Щ˶ǿʿûôˡ

Ⱦң
ǰң
ҽһƬ
Ŵ˵еˮһʿεֵˣת۾вʿ
һʱ䣬һš
΢нӡ۵ȻǷˮӡ
Էˮӡߵˮȫ۳ɹӡС÷ŵʯС
Զ̫Żͳɨ΢

ҽб룬ֳҡ
ʯƿˮһѷӿ½֪жߵ˵صʿѡ
ʯţˣ
ߣ
߰
ʿС
ĩԪӰ໥һۣԵͷС
ƲߣӳҰԣƵǴ󲽿ȥ
Ż׵ٳƹâһԶ˲ǰ
ߣ
һȺʿеæȥ
Ųʬ󲿷ֱˮʴĲӡ
ɨһۣפƬ̣Ÿȥ
ʯźĴͨúǰһķΧһƬ԰Ƭ԰ڣֲ࣬н֯ޱŨһƬƬѹأʷͬѰһɲҩ
ʮҩ԰
ǣݣʶı

ͩ
һ
һʿðâһѷŸҩ԰ȥݡ
ڣ˶֣Ϊᱦɱˡ
ıҩ
ྪϲ
˽Զҩ̫ŻͺͻƲԣԼĩԪӰ
Уһҩ԰ֱâ޵ȻܹЩҩ԰еֲһչɢռҩꡣ
תۼ䣬ʮҩ԰걦ݱȥ˴롣
ȡ˲ٱݣңΪĹҩ䣬ĿռıϡеϡƷҲ֧
ʱһѷʿС
ȺУǰϵϢǿһһߡ
츲ں£̧ͷɨһۣжʱһĨ⡣
̩Ӣ
ǰӰӵʶУ֪˰׼׷ɱһǴͨɾһ졣
׼˽ʱط˵ķӦ
ĩԪӰȥŰ׼΢Цͷʾ⡣
Դˣ׼ȻЦŻ񣬶Էʥسϣݵλһ㲻ǲ
׼ǰ
ŻͿڡ
̩ͰӢǰһʱ¶ͰЦ⣬ӭȥ
úӣ֮ǰˣѰ˼ȥˣҹȻԵ֡Ӣ壬˿ȴüЦп׼׽׽պദҲһЩ
Ż͵ͷûж˵ʲô
Զ£һ

׽
պദ
üͷ΢塣
ӢĻЩԼ䣬ƺץЩʲô
ʮҩ԰ܿ챻⣬ĩԪ˶԰׼ʾ⣬Ÿȥ
һɢУСȥȴڻһЩ£ʼľۻӡķˮӡ¶ú֡ԶǸʱҩ𲻿ЩдŶԣ٣ӦΪ˷ʿ롣
ǰӢͰ̩Ц⣬һ·ϺŻڲͣ˵Щʲô
ʱŻͻȻƫͷâһն
ӣʲô
Ӣ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬춯ݡ
ҵĽâ˺ѿռ䣬쵽£գۼƵǰ
һǚiһΣ˲ɶԶȻˣĺۻǱ׽ˣ¶ݡ
죿
ɲǼ䣬ط˽Աɫ


374 ɱͨǿ
죿Ǳ̫ʶ׷ȥô
ѵ̫ʶ
⡭
𾪡
׼ͨǿߵ۾ʱ̹ǵɱн֯
үү죡

еӿͻأɢޱȾ˵ĵ
ϣ޳ϣ˶ҺҪܷ֮£

ĩԪӰͷС£ֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
ͬһʱ䣬̫տտâ
һ̣ɱϡ
һ̫壬Ż͹Ȼ£Ѿ˫ԼϢͨǿ߶̽ѰȻʶҲŻȴǲˣֱܵоĴڡ
ˣ
ͻأһ𣬰̩˳۹䡣
ɱ˰׼ôˣ˰׼ݵ㣬ն˰׼߽ܣ̫ˣѾ˰׼һҪնˡ̩죬һ߹ȥֲ˸ͬɽ֮һ㣬η
̩֡ĩԪӰ˳Ű̩һ֣ɷҲҶ˳֣н֮ѹҩʦѰһЩٽͷ­㡣
̩࣬΢΢Ű̩Ƿ
ԡ
̩ʵôΪҩʦ壬˶ٸЩӡңҩʼĵҪ̫ʥغͨʥصĳֶվ˳ǲܾ
ĩԪӰͷһ졣
ձ㿴ߡ
̩
վֱ˿޾壺϶ʼ׷ɱҵˣ㣬ƫͷĩԪӰ̫ʥأͨʥأҺûʲôͳԹڶҶ֣뽫ߺͰ׼ͬ·
طʿԣɵýԵۡ
һͨǿߣȻҳвҲ̫˰ɣ
ļ¡
ߺͰ׼ͬ·仰˼˭ܲʼ׼׷ɱ죬󣬱һն˴Ƭˣ˼ݵ㣬ڽգСУ׼ʼ̽·һȺǿҲСԡߺͰ׼ͬ·̫ʥغͨʥصĳϸ֪ǳвζţ˸Ҷ֣Ͱ׼ͬ
ǡ
һͲһ룬ܻȥ𣿡
ǰ
ҡͷ
ⳡ˾
̩˻ں̫ʥͨʥصĳϽȴڽ׼ҵĶ̡һߣĩԪӰɫ糣һСʿѣǰ˵вԵĻֻǻȡ衣
֣һԡ
Ӱ
䣬Ӱֱ̧֣ץȥ
ããڱ˸죬ʮռ䡣
̩һֻӳˡ
֣ЩʱҪɱ
ĩԪ
ĩԪ֣֣ͬ̽ץ졣
䣡
ǣ˵ȴ·ڱ˸죬ʮռ䡣
ˡ
áÿֲ
ͨǿ֮ȫԪɹһ٣Ȼ˷ף
죬ˡ
˶ҡͷ
ͨǿ֣߳һճڵʿܵ
̫Żһߣ鵭Į
ƲֱֱĶ죬ӳҰԣ۽ٳ
䣡
ڣֻѹ£µĵ涼ѿˡ
о˾޴ѹڵŴյһ죬ͨɾǿ̫ˣֵܵͨǿߵĹɱȻˣɫȴû˿ı䣬ûаη֮ɫ෴һ̣¶һĨЦ
һΣöӡԻ
ˮӡ
һС
ĵ
΢չˮӡ顣
ʱ䣬ˮƮ˵ġ

ҽеһʱĩԪ׻ŵŵŵĺˡ
ֻѣ̽ĴֱڻŨˮңͬһʱ䣬һԿܵ˳˵ֱ۶ϣһڻ˵
ǣ
ˮ֮ǰʯˮôⶫռ𣿡
ôܣˮܻһСʿռˮ
˾䡣
֮ǰʯһĻĻǰʣǵȻ棬ǿɲǡ
ˮɱ̫ˣһˮɱһǿߡ
ˮ̫ˣ
ĩԪԼұնסˮļʴ
ӰѧҲǶ֣۵һԼֱն¡
һߣĲҽ𣬰ֱ̩۳ڵ嶼ڸɿݡ
ͨǿһ֣Ψ̩ɱأټ֮׷ɱ죬ȻȻҲͶЩȥ˲ٵˮЩˮʼǰĴԷˮӡռͨǿմһζѣں޷£̩մ˺ֹһˮҲҲаٵΣټϰ̩УҪնֱ۶ˣڱڻ
̩
Ӣɫ䡣
һӢʩչ̩֣Ҫˮ˳ȥ
ϧã
Ҫ֪Զʱڣڤеˮڶɵ

̩ҽУڣή͵һһ̯ۻŨˮ
Ũˮڵ棬Ŀġ
ܣһʿļ£оð
һͨɾǿߣôˡ
ϧֻһ
ҡͷ
һԣľ
裬ģˣ֮ǰվŲһΪǱͨǿϢѹˣ飬һվŲǵֻֿýˮȥ
⡭Ҫһɱͨǿߣ
̫ĺˣ
˸о
ֻǣʲôռˮǶڵһа
˲⡣
ԶΨ˸ɫͻأղʩչķĴӡ֮ǰǷʯϵĵӡһģһǵȵӡϵƷҩʦǲʲô쾹Ȼѧˣʩչ˳

ĩԪɫ
ͨǿߣȻһճڵСʿڵһֱۣǺε裡

Ц
ĩԪɫѿӰҲһˣһߣӢĿɱ⡣
䣡
Ԫ𶯣̫ŻͿâƣѹϡ
Żʼһ߳𶯣ռƾĩԪǿ˲١
٣
һЦ𣬻ƲԿ졣
ӿһ̣ƲϵϢĿֲһʿپʱƲԵϢ˿ҲĩԪͨǿޱȵİԵ
壿
ֲ̫ˣܳʣȻ紫ǰ㣬һ˭ܵ
⡭
ļ¡
ҡͷÿɬͬһʵĪı
һһʮöˮӡԻÿһöӡ˸ڹԡ֮ǰԷˮӡռ˲ˮ˿չָ̽ʮӡ
ˣ
ˣ
̫ͻͬʱԻһˮӡ飬ˮ⡣
Żȿ粽Իץ졣


375 Ʒ
һգãľ̫ǿˡ
ˣ濹⣬ǚiܡ
ˣ
Ҳһããӡѹ¡
ӡ
⣬ٴκˡ
һΣʮˮӡ˶ȥ
ͬʱ˫ֽӡ߶ݻһѪɫѷ죬ӭ˹ɱ
䣡
˵Ĵײֱѿˡ
ݺһѪֱӵͷⷽСȥս壬˿޾壬ŻίʵЩ£ĩԪ˶Ҫǿ
׷
ĩԪе
ӰɭȻӢɱ⺧ˣ׷ȥ
ŻɫĮһаԶ
ߣ
ЦҰʮ㣬⡣
ʱ䣬Ϊ׵ļҪȫ׷ȥɭ
Ҳ׷ȥ
Σҩıչ֮С
ߣ
һȺʿҲæȥ

䣡
Ԫ񱩣𶯵ĿռŤ
ǚiСȥżͷ̫׷
֮󣬱ǻƲԡ
ǰ׼ҵͨǿ߰ӢԼ̫ʥغͨʥصϡ
΢п˼Ӧԡ
Ҫһ֮ôˣھûǸսȻܹʶе񽣣ǾˣܹնˡֻǣЩ̫ʵ񽣴ʶײͲƿء
ﬣ
âһ׽ѹ˿ռ䡣
첻Ӧԣǚiܿ
ˣ
𶯣ʮָռ䶼ᴩˡ
ϳָ⣬ƲԵָ
ɨƲԣֵŲһΣӲ˹ȥ

ٶȹ죬ߵķ졣
Ӣ߶ƣ嫵ӿ羪İ㾪ˡ
Ƶţ˹֣ذ׼ϳȥˣ
컰ܶ
Ӣྭ͹ɱӱҡϹҵͨǿߣ߳ȥ˭һǰȴų˹֣ɱǰ˺죡
һ𶯣ƺҪʮռ䶼顣
˹֣ս
˵
ȭ󷽣ǿΪ֮һѪԶɡ
ʱĩԪӰѹ˹Եɱ죬ֺ顣
϶Ҵȥ̫ʥغͨʥأٱ밲

ڿסΣûԥԶȥ
ڣһ֮ǿߣǶ֡
µض·
ӰӢ
˹ֱ졣

ǚiٶȼ죬ȴҲβ㱻ѹ
ģǰĿռÿտԻһĹСƺֻһ䣬ԼܹŵŨĵƮڿУĿ
Сǰһ󶦣ɺɫϿ
ʱ䣬˽ͣ
ҩ֮أˣ

ǰƷҩʦЩϾˣҩ
˵ҩʦһʼ档
ǰԵЩտȴǰǿںڶ⣬Ҳûٶ죬ǰֱӱǿںڶȥ
ֹ
е
ʵϣʱ˵ʲôȫ֡
̫壬壬Ӣϱ۵ĩԪӰͬʱѹ졣
ֻоһ⣬æڿиıƶ򣬺ʮԶˣǱ񱩵ϢһЩѪҺѪ
Ϊ¯̵б

̫ŻͿ粽һǰ
һӳҰԣҲǿ粽ϡ
һߣӢĩԪӰԳȥʱ졣ЩˣҪѰҩƵĿԪı˵졣
ǿһֱ֣˺˺ڶ
ڶķѣлһű⣬ӿҵľˣʮö
Ũĵ⣬ѵֿԪĵҩ
˾
ʱȻ಻ҩʦˣҲܸоˣǿľˡ
ʿǰһű⣬ʮҺŨĵҩʦ˶ܸопܾɾۺ죬˿ȴû˸ҶϾǰվŵ˿ɶǺܿ¡
ĩԪڣӢˣλоʮöҵȶֵܷһЩҪ໥֣˸Һ
Ҳ˼
Ӱ
Ӧˡ
Ӣͷ
ͨǿǧԪ˵ԪʵѾûжˣ໹ʮ˿̼ƿԪıΪʲôӡ
̫ӵĮһԲ
帺˫֣ڡ
ȻҲûʲô
ˣȡ
ĩԪ
ǰ˺ĽɫĻʱŨĵ㻷ƶ
˶ǰקȭͷ
ȥᣬΪȥˣɾ
ʱͻ
ˣ
ʮ⣬ͻأ䣬һɿµϢɢĩԪ˽Աɫ
Ծž죬һ̣ʮ鿪һӰпǿݣȴɢżΪֲϢ
ӢǵùһӰеȭֱؿڡ
ۣ
򵥵һȭƻȴǿľˣֱӽӢɣдĿѪ
ĩԪ˶ݣԺˡ
ž
ž
ž
ͬƶ죬˸תۼ䣬ȫ飬ԻʮŵӰʮŵӰϢһȴǿңͨɾǿߡ
Զɫǣ뵽˼ҩеһֱƷ񵤣ֱܹͨڵ֮ȥһʱ䣬һ鿪ǿԻͨʵӰܴʱ̣ȴǳ¡
ôȱҩ𵽵ʲô˼
ɻˡ
ǵȶҪɱ𣿲ܲŶԣ
ãִ˵еı񵤣ܽͨ󻯣ʱҵҩʦȱɫʱѿʮͨЩǵȥƺܹһʱңˣϢͨʿ
䣡
ǿϢͨγɵоʮŵ˿̽Զˡ
û˿ԥЩɱˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ͨǿߵĵֲתۼһʿɱ
ô
Ӱ
ɢ޾֡
Ծʮµĵطʱû
Ҫ˵ͨʿ̫ŻͶݣ𵤱ѹ͵Ϣͬһѹ£š

ȣҲǱ𵤱ȥ
ĩԪӰȻҲùһ߻࣬һ뵤档Ϊʧһֱۣ˵ľúá
䣡
ռ𶯣һ𵤱粽嫣ѹ졣
һٺˣ൱ͨǿ߰


376 ƿص
𵤱ѹֻüһٺˣ֮Ӳ
䣡
һ𵤱֣һѹֱӻһƬ档
˫ĿһƻЩ¡


ӣӣ
ҽк;ڻص
תۼ䣬СǰĿտûʮɱʮ֮ǰǷˮʯŻҪΣա
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һѪըڿС
ĩԪӢӰ˼𵤱ԵúǱӢɫųһ𵤱һȭֱӱˡ
ˣ
ˣ
һߣ̫ͻǱ˺࣬Ͼ塣
λסԵǡ

䣬ٽӡһӡԻȻֻʶΪڵһȴߵĺԶвǿĵʱдЧ
ӡ𶯣ʩʩȻתͬһɹ⽻֯ڿС
ܿ죬ĩԪ˵ĵԱýӲ
һ˵ѹʱ
֡
ĩԪӦԵȻҩʦʺϣǸ֮١
޷
ҡͷ
קȭͷǾâүүôǿµĵȻ֮ܶиţȽǵж
һ棬ҩѹ죬ֻϧʱһϣʧˣģһɶԺͳ⡣

˵ţ೯ķȥ˸Ĺ⡣Ѿʧǹƪ³ʧ̫ˣǿҩʦ壬ƿصĵİٷ֮һ죬ȴƿʧĴ˵еĵ
ȻɫүүܿƵѹ𣿡
ҡͷУǵжѾǼˡ
ֲȫʩΪŵѹ
ĩԪ
лһĨâͷãȫһԡ䣬ӡĵӡҶԣʵЩҪһܹõƿصĵҵʵضһ¥Ҳֹ
ȣ
һȣʱΧĩԪĵһж仺
һĻʿԾ
ҵҩʦܽʮ𿰱ͨǿߵĵŵ˵ز
ľ
ʮǿ濹⣬ͨǿ߶ɱӷĩԪ˵Ǳ̬ܿóڣʩΪʱЩǿĵ·˰㣬жʮҲֹһʿԾȡ
һƷҩʦίʵǿƷѹơ
ã
ǰĩԪͷ
ʱһڵжüСϾûƿء
ƫͷĩԪоâһֱѹ졣
䣡
𶯣֯ʮ
϶
ǚiˣӶȭӭϡ
һǿײһʮȭͷ΢΢Щ顣ϾͨɾǿߣȻ٣˫ͨǿ߱ȣ໹Щ޴
ĩԪɫ䣬ٴο粽ѹ졣ͨɾǿߣȻӵһֱۣ裬̫ˡ
䣡
һۻѹʹɫʮԶ

Ӣɱ⡣
ӰҲǳ˹ͨѹ졣
ʱѹ˴󲿷ֵͨǿ߶˹
̫Żɨ죬ʲôӦΪ̫壬ͬսңڵԣ̫ˣֵһᡣ
ӳҰԣɭɭĶ죬Ǻ󷽵С
䣡
ԶΪ¡
ͨǿߣתۼ
ȻĩԪ˵ʵ𣬵ϾͨɾΪεסˡ
ˮѾĹ⡣
ͨǿһ֣ˣܣһʱԵúǱ
Ψһ
Ӣ
׼ƴ߶嫵Ĵӡڱʮ
ͨǿߴƣƻ֮
ų˹֣ŷźݻ˵ᱻɱͺǰ̩һ
ˣͼӭϡ
Ӣ¶ɱ⣬пᡣ
ԡ
ĩԪӰѹһɣӿѪ
ԶߵӡһڵãȻˣٶ
ɫһƬĮ
Ц˸ĨӵĶ
ӱٴܡ
򣡡
Ӱѹǰһ¡
ʩչ磬֮һһԻ
ǴѪǱˣࡣ
ܸţҲԣ

ǚiͨǿߣԵЩǱȴǺ
ߣҲһߣҲΩ޶ԣԻһ壬صһȵһӯ˵һԳ䵭³һۣΨԻҴҺţΪԴãḁ̃ƣ֤
ǡҩ䡷ܸ٣޷⵽ʲô˼ǼȻӡΪҩ䡷ܸ٣ǾͱȻͬһ㡣
ΪҪǣҩ
ֹʲôΪԼж䣿
Ӣ
ǚiͬŵƶĮӦ
ͬʱͨǿߣѪɫȴû˿仯߶Ĵ֣ӣȪʥǧ֣һӿ֡
ӯӯ桭
һһ٣
Զɫͱ䣬ĲѹƵЩǿϢɢڸաڣֹȥԱߵĵӡ͵ı飬۵ĿȳһѪųȥ
үүôˣ
ɫ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һֲĲʮȫѹƣɢµϢ
ĩԪɫΪ֮ľ
ˣǴŴĿѪȴϲҪˡ
ĩԪˣһƬпᡣ
ɱ
³һۡ
ƬСڣʮһƫͷסĩԪˡ
ƺӦĻʱ䣬еˡ
ǣ
֣ʲô
ѹǣ
˱ɫ
ٴνӡһӡƮ
ƫͷȻһЦָһ㣬ָࡣ
䣡
һ𵤱粽ֱѹ˹ȥ
ǣ
ǵڽָ
ôܣ
һʿɫ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ͻǶݣнâ
絽ǰֱһѹ¡
ɫ߶ؾɫյĿռ䶼Ť
ƷҩʦֻʶΪսҲСɱһվʿѶֻһ𵤱ԵӦԣӦԡ
Цٴεָתۼ𵤱ѹϣǰ
𵤱Եúʣһ֣ɱࡣ

ྪִУֱӱĳࡣ


377 Ԫ
ΪƷҩʦʵһҲѹһǿߣͬʱ𿰱ͨǿߵĵֵܹǱѹѪ
үү
ɫ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ĩԪӰҲɫ֧֮һʱȻˣ
䵭ɨ
ŲһΣʮߣûһ𵤱أΪ·
˲ѣǰ
δ꣬԰ɣš
Ц
ɫɫ԰ףĩԪˣǰǰң
԰ȴҲ֪ԼԶĶ֡
㣿ǽҲ

һˣʱ׷ɱɲǡ
û飬ֱ̧֣һ¡
ۣ
ѪԽ䣬Դֱӱĵķѡ
ܣһʿ֣
֮ǰѹסʮľɴ˿̣תۼѣǱնͬҲʵʹòĲð
ƫͷһĩԪˣɱ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿ嫵Ĳ֯һ𣬵ʮ𵤱ѹȥ
ƣɫˡ
ЩǸܿͨɾĴڰ
ʲô
ĩԪɫࡣ
첻Ӧƫͷסˡ
̫壬塣
ɱ
ֻôһ֣Ⱥˡ
ָ̧ʮ൤һѹ̫壬һѹ塣
һĻʱ˱ɫ
⡭
ܿЩ
ƷҩʦҲֻѹƣȻƿأôܣ
ҲҩʦԽ಻ɣ
ʮ𵤱ȾʮŸͨǿߣҪ
˵
һʮѹϣ϶
ŻͺƲԶݣ̫ͻ磬֣
ǣǳܵסʮͨǿߣ
Ц
ĻһͨǿߣŻͺƲԶڿնɱǣʮһѹϣǾΣˣȻǿŻͣҲֻܱѹơ


̫ͻѺۡ
ʮ໥ѹϣԻӳ⡣
һɺ嫶µĲʮͨǿߵĵһ֣ǵƹһ;ÿ¡
ۣ
ۣ
û˿ŻͺƲɣ飬ԿѪ
飬һʮٴѹϡ
ЩƷҩ÷ڴ˵أжġҩ䡷ܸ٣ҲҩµĻǹͨʮʮΪ˿վЩѣ൱ҩ١
䣡
䣡
䣡
ֲϢ嫵Ĳܳ˵ޡ
ŻͺƲͬʱʮмܣתۼǱΡ
Żâ˸ѪȴĶ졣
ƲԸ˫۷ҰԵĹԣͬɽ緢
ǲ

һʮϣչ
һʱ䣬âѹʮ
Żͳ̫ʩչ֣ϧʮͨǿߵĴڣ͵ֵˣǺ˳ȥӲ㱻á
ȣ
һߣƲԿѪŵŵŵĺˡ
类飬Ʋܼ𵤱һˡ
һռն壬һ˼
Ц
طһʿ嵹ֻЩʹ
Ҫ̫ͻն
⣬δ̫˰ɣ
ܹ֧ЩͿ
ҪɱҺɽᷢģ
˵
񱩵ͨʮһѹŻͺƲԣѾ㲻սˣѹ
飡
һΣŻͱɨɣӿѪ
ƲҲûкõȥźˣ򱻹ᴩһѪ
죡ɸ뱾һս
ƲĶ졣
ð

һ䣬ʮӲ̵ѹ˹ȥ
Ʋ˫Ŀ׿ʮѹɡ
ߣһߡ
̫塣
ŻЦ
Żʹ˿ǱѣʮΧ⣬ɱƵ

ҽ
һߣĩԪʮΧڿѪӱ顣
ס֣
ĩԪС
ɨһۣ³һ֣ɱ
ʮƵõӳơ
ۣ
ѪըĩԪ
һĻһʿļ¡
̫ʥصĳϣͨǿߣɱˣ

Ц
ʱʶУҩתܸٺǿʢĵƿеնĩԪ󣬵࣬һʮѹ̫塣
䣡
ֲƣʮ
֮ǰչˡ
Ц
ʱʮ𵤱ѹŻͣʮͨɾǿߡ
֣
̫
Żȡ
ò˵Żĺܿ£ͬʱʮ𿰱ͨǿߵĵȴÿÿܻšңУŻ͸ǻ˼𵤱
Ȼɱͨǿߣֻǣɱ٣

һһڵѹϣϢ
ŻȻǿȴҲܵסô࿰ͨǿߵĴڣƬֱ̺飬̫ƿһκɣݺײԶһľϡ

һߣ˴
ӢӰͶʮ൤ս񱩵𶯣ˮӿʮ

Ŵ죬ǷС飬ķѡ
ʱ䣬һŨĵƮһƿзö֬͸ΪҪǣ濴ȥöϽ߸СףǹŹ֡
絤
ϹʱԪ

˾
һ˲䣬˵۾ˡǰӢӰ˵ԪҪɿݣ໹мʮɻ絤ԪǼѡ˶ԣ絤Ҫǧ򱶡
ץƿ
Żâ̫һԾϡ
ߣ
Ʋ׿񣬳磬ƿ
һЩʿ˫۷Ź⣬ȴһҲҶĴǿߣͨɣ壬һǿնͨǿߣͨʿҳȥ
䣡
𶯣Ť˿ռ䡣
Ĵǿ߽ˣǴ˿̣ȴֱǿϢ
ŻͺƲԣΪ壬ѪȻˣʵɺǿ
ಣ
ͻȻһе֣ץסƿߡ
ʱ˽Աɫ
콫ƿȡоâһ絤Ԫ֡
ȻȻ˵õˡ˵еıԪ⡭
קȭͷֱ졣
𵤱վԱߣһ̣˳ȥˡ
ԪıȻͨɾ۷ǿ߼˶ۺ졣
Ԫܣ

Ӱȵ
Ӣ̫壬壬붢ס졣
첻мĿ⣺ҪˣҪ


378 ɱķ
ˣɫĮһƬ
ɱ
絤ƿĿڡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʮת볯˳ȥ
ЩʣòûûǣɢϢȴޱȿֲÿһܿͨɾǿڡ

Ӱɫ࣬ܣ𵤱ѹ˹絤ԪΪ˶Ѿȴ񱦵Ǳһʿ˹ȥʱ˵𵤱ֱ׹վ

Ӣ𵤱ƵǰǱ
ˣŻͺƲɵõرŴ
飡
ƲԱɨɣײڲԶʮ𵤱ѹ
ƲԴ𣬾ܻȾѪ˫׿絶Ӱˡ
䣡
һߣ֯ա
ʮѹŻͣÿһǿƥͨǿߣƵˡ
壬ʮһʱ
Ҫɱ𣿵ڶҵģ
˾㤡
飡
飡
죬ŻͺƲԱɨɣԴѪ
ڣǿҲãʮΧſŹԪѾ˴롣
ƣն
Żһһ٣⻪
ǿɱԻ𵤱𿪣һֱӱԭء
˿ֲսһʿļ¡
̫Żͣ紫ŵǰֲնͨǿߣ
񣡡
һ
Ʋ˫Ŀ׿ͷ裬һ顣
⡭
壬Ҳͨʿ
󣬽Կɺ˸Сսأͨɾŵľֻ߸С̨ףƺҲ˺ɣ
ʿĲ
壬˭ֵܵ
ۣĶŻƲԺ̫ŻͣòϣĺǿŻͣ޵֮ˣ֮ǰսѾȺ˺𵤱൱նͨǿߣһڱȺǰ¡
ˣԽԽ䡣
ֹȥʮԵøǱش
ɨƲһۣŻ͡
̫壬·
һᴩʮԶת۱Żǰ
ûʲô˵ģȭͷֱӺȥ
䣡
ɫȭҵŤһ۳ɢȥ
Żӭ죬һȥ
飡
ȭײһŻֱӺɣŵŵŵĺ˳ȥʮԶ
ӵĮһʮϣ볯Żѹȥ
ֻǼ򵥵һȭʱѹ˿ռ䡣
ñ̬
ˣһﵽôеģ
£
Ⱥļ¡
ȭͷ֯ɫԣͬǲǳ׹䣬ƺˡ
ŻͼһܣǱҵķѡ
ңʮѹ˹ȥԻӳ֣൱չһͨ
ˣ
â˸Żͳ̫ңƬռ˲
ʮɱⱻ⣬ŻȴҲǺݺݲ˼¡
Ҳʱһֱӳ̫һһӰ˲ŻǰһȭŻ͵ϡ
飡
һȭʵʵֱӽŻҷɡ
Ⱥǿ̫壬һĵһˣ˺ˣ
Ƥ񣡡

ûͣһΣٴѹȥ
ʱ˿̣ŻѾˣԪĳɣĶ֡
ˣ
ݻ֮ʯ̨ʯںʣƺˡ
Żͺˣ̫ٴԻӭ졣
ײһ𣬱⡣


ǚi˸ȥ˫ֽӡһ̺
ԲɢҵĹâĿռһƬҡ
̫
⡭
ǲ̫ôʩչģ
һʿĲ
ŻѪȴޱ·Ҫ˵顣
Цֱѹϣ㲻Ǻ·
۷״̬ʮ壬޵У㼸ʥҵˣҲֻбɱĽ֡
飡
һΣŻͺɣͷ
Żӱ䣬˫ֻһӡԻʮ
ͽͣ
ĮԶԡ
һʮӭϣŻʩչĻᡣ
䣡
񱩵ܽ֯Ż͵ˣᷨӡ˲䱻ҡ
ʱѹ
̫磬ѹ£Ťա
һŻͺɣѪ
վŻԵüΪǱͷɢһѪֻۡǣɺʼûʲô仯
񣡡
첻ˬ
ûʲô˵ģһȥʮȫѹŻ͡
Ż˵һѡ
鵹Żȡ
һƬ񺣳𣬹Ⲩͬۼףε۾ңһɼΪµӿƾİŭ졣
鵹鷭Ҳûã

ֱӿ˹ȥ
ѹ£ʮϻŻ͵Ĵ֮ͨɡ

ʱҽ
ԶӰ𵤱Χ룬屻Ѫ
ʱӰϢ͹ȣǺˣߡ
ӣ
ƫͷһͿ˹ȥһȭѹ¡
ǿһȭ˿ռ䣬ݺӰϡ
Ǳͺǿ֮ɹһ٣ϴӹѪ⣬ǿ¡һȭȥ˥˵Ӱֱֵܹӱ˰ӡ
ﬣ
һΣƷӰ
ס֣ҡ
ۣ
ѪһӰͷ­ն¡
ʿһĻĺ
̩ĩԪӰ
һɱͨǿߣ
׼ң̫ʥأͨʥأҪѼȫⰡ
˽Ե
ƷȾѪ䵭ƫͷס˰׼ҵİӢ
һ磬ֱӱ˹ȥ
ﬣ
Х̶ʩչھŽһ콣
Ӣż𵤱ĹɱѾǴıԵѪۣ˿һѹ£޿ɱܣֱӱնؿڣһѪ˳ңͬһʱ䣬𵤱һνԶ
ǚiһΣתӢǰ
ˣ
һȭѹ£ռŤڰӢüġ
һӢɣоضҡѪҺ˳ͷ­ʶ£Ⱦ
粽ϣƷ
ӢֻоԴʱѲ٣죬ס֣Ұ׼Ҳ𣿣
˿̶죬Ӣһ˿־塣
Цˣ׼ҳǸ⣬ˣҼһɱһӱ䣺ն󣬾ֵ׺ҵˣˣһҲ
וּһеĳֱֱӢüģһͷ­
ѪˮڵرĿġ
¡
Һһͨǿˡ
ͨɾǿˣЯȴȫˣͬһУһʿС
֮Ƭؽ𶯡
һļ¡


379 ׳
̩ӢĩԪӰλͨɾǿߣΪƬľͷֱ˰׼ң̫ʥغͨʥأһռѣĸǿľͷȫնһСʿУסطˡ
ӵĮὣƫͷס̫ͻ塣
ֵˣ
䵭
һʮͬʱѹϡ
ĩԪӢӰ˽ĵȻҲԽࡣ
ŻͺƲͬʱɫԳͻΧ
Ӳˣ

ǚiһοǰ
וּһھŽչ׻âͬ쫷һ
ȥһҵĽͬ¹һ㣬ľ̫ͻ壬ûиܵĿ϶
ͬʱʮ粽Իӳȭͷ
䣡
һǿϹռȫһֻҲȥ
Ż̫壬ͬʱ˫ֽӡʩչֻ䵽ǰķâһ򣬻ˣ磬ӡ
˵ײһԪ
飡
飡
֮ɣѪͷɢ
ɫĮŻͣһͿ˹ȥ
̫壬ͬһˣɱͨǿߣҲ䵽һ
̡
Żͽǰٶ˵ʲôֱһȭѹ¡
ΪŻͣ߸С̨ףȴ˿ҲȶԷο˿ŻˣԪ㣬οܵסİԵȭ
˵һ򵥵һȭѹ£ռ䶼Ϊ֮𶯡
Ż;ȭ񵲣ǺɣݺײԶһʯϣ
ǿ򡣡
粽ٴѹǰȥ
ŻѪͷɢңǱ㣬ȻûеΧ⣬˿ҲĶˣߵ䵽˫ʼպ䣬Ԫ㣬Ϣȴޱʢδ٣ͬһҡ
һߣƲʮһˣȴҲŻһ㣬Ϣþòɨһ𵤱Ʋƫͷ죬ޱȵ׿񣬱ȵӻ
ͷҵң
Ц
һ𣬷ʽ߶ޣһƲ˹ȥ
ﬣ
Х꣬ǿƻӿ˵ƲԱˡ


ƬռһӰԻ콫ǚi߶ޣϻȭ
飡
飡
飡
ƲԵ˴ùתۼ䰤ʮȭȭȭ⣬ȭȭѪ
죡
ƲԴΪʥӣΪ壬ѹǿУ˱
еôҾ
Ӧ
Ȼȴ⣬һ˫ȭϡ
ĿѪڿУĻꡣ
ŻתֱӶߡ
˵ˣ˭Ҳ߲ˣ

һնҵĽ⸲ǰ˷ŻУһɡ
磬̫֣ӣһ߶볯ѹȥʱȻûеɱŻͺƲҲĶ֣Ҳֻܱѹơ
飡
飡
һΣɣѪ
һһĿ׿񣬶ӽɱ⡣
壬ɱ

粽ϣȭ⽣âɱˡ
ܣһʿļ£ĿɿڴҪն
֣Ѽһλʱƽ貣Ƭ̳壬ɽգҪն𣿣
ĺ
Щ˿󵽣һ̫ͻ䣬ҺɽԻᷢ衣
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵Ķһ
ƬСռŻͺƲԱѹŴȻû˿ķ
ʱᱻնɱ
ˣ
ʱƬС͵һһʿᡣ
ͻأ䣬һâǰĴֲһĹԳ
һ⽻ֳ֯ĳصĹ켣
ǣ
һʱɫ
ֲһĹ⣬ͬĵطǰĴ֣ҩ԰֣һִǰһ𵤱ɢһƬ貵Ļƽɫ
ԶһЩĵطһڹᴩ񷡣
ǣ
ɵأƬɵأȻ˻
Ϣ
ʿļ¡
˿̣ɵصķڹᴩϵ£һɿֲĲ̼ϯȲ̫ǿˣֲսȻǿŻͺƲҲɫ
ϢԶԶǿͨǿߣ
ף
𣡡
һ𣬾춯أվǸֳһСڵ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ǰֹâøǿԽԽعⷵհ㰵
ɫһ䣬ʱ뵽ʲôۻӡ𣬷ˮӡˮҩ԰ԻľƬش񵤴ǡзӡɵصķ֮ǰɻڽ⿪ҩ￪С磬ù̻ۻӡˮӡȣڲзӡѹɵµĳף
зӡҩмǿ󣬲ӡ
¡¡
ƬС𶯣һѺۣмͣƮȥ
ͬʱϵƲ㶼ɢˣڹ⸲ʮ
춯ݣûиоаϢȴӦޱȰԵĲ



ͬһ
Ƭռһʿɫ԰ףΪ֮ɪɪ
𣡡
һ𶯳ա
ӿ񱩵ڹǾ޴ڹУһ˫ѪɫѪ£һо౻ĳ֧צסһ㡣
˫Ѫɫӣ˵ŵŵŵĺˣڴϢ
죬ŻͣƲԣͬʱ
ʲô
ƲԶݡ
ʥ׿Եһ̣ȴҲǱסˣڷ
ѪɫӶߣ䣬һ𴫳
Ȼ䣬ںڵ쫷ϯգۼ䣬쫷֮һжٵˡ
ϣڹɢ¶һͷȻһͷͫѪ죬ǿ׳帲һƬƬڴСۼף˫չʮɳ䲱ֳͷ­˫ǣǲһڹ⣬ֲˡ
ͷӴ飬ֻǿһ۱Ҫ鿪
ǡ

ô᣿棬
˶ˡ
ҲǱɫͼ¼мأ񣬱һ֡ǣȹȻԶʱҲԼһͷĻס
ܿ죬뵽һ⣬ǶݣҩӡȴףǣܰҩԶţҲʮ꣬ӡĴףôܴڣʱ£ӦѾ˳Ŷԣ
ʱǿ£ǿѹ죬ȴҲµѹµĳУһжᱻʴǿ羳۷ҲӲԣŻ׷Ҫ
ô

羳۷ҲֻʮԪҩԶʱǸʱӡĴףԲܴڡ
䣡
ڹ𶯣ϯ
ͷ߷ˣ
˴Уɫұ䡣


380 ۷壬ڤħ
ںڵ쫷ϯǴݻһС

ǰҩµĴֱӱˡ
ɫǺεȿֲƣȵҪʮ
ŻͺƲҲǶݣ̫ͻͬʱ֧
ϯʮл¡

ҧԼС
ﵽﻹһξ룬ǵȿȴѾݻС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
СʿըȿлѪ
˳ʱɵһˡ
һЩǿʿ֣ŵŵŵĺˡ
ڣˣӴľˣһ˫ѪɫӸ·
䣡
䣡
䣡
âʮƿأ֣źѹȥ
ЩҩΪѹɵضڣ˿̺һڵƺӦĵˣֱ˹ȥ
һ̣ʮϢԶ֮ǰǿ˽ԲɵĲ
ǿ
ЩӦѹס
ԣôҲʮ𡣡
˵
һ̣Щ˽Աɫ
Ѫ죬ֻſһ𣬳ǰȥʮ𵤱ʱȫ顣
ͬʱһ֮£вʿɥ
⣬ǿͨǿߵʮ൤Ȼ˲ͱ
ͨǿ߻˭ܵס
꣬ˣô
˶ˡ
죬ϣħأĺ
ʣһֲĴڣ
ط˿ɵ
ͷȻŻͺƲԶֻСĽ䱸ԼϢ
·һʿ·һȺ΢ϣ䣬һ˫Ѫϣʱһ
䣡
ɲĲ𶯲񷣬ȥ
ʱɫ䣬һƬǰδе˲һ׹ĸоҩӡɵأѵڵҩ䱻ӦˣҩϢһ̣쾪㤣ٺˡ
һʮӭϡ
ǚiߡ
ͷֲ̫ˣȵ񻹿£һܵ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
̧צ˲˺е
ϴ˶Ʒ˳ȥ
Ӹ죬תͷ
ˣ
ɫͻأһľ
ȿֲ飬εֵˣ
𣡡
˻ſѪڣĳȥ

һ򣬷ǣڰɭ֡
ڰɭֹޱߣ޾ÿռ䶼޾Ұּ˻
һ̣һ˫
һʮһСŮһͷ˳ĺڷ䵽䣬ȹףľ顣Ų񷣬СŮͫױǿջҪ䣬·ʱա
ɵƣʮΣۡ
ڤħ
䣬Ůһֱ˺գеһָ

ڶ򣬺죬תۼ
ˣ
˾֡
Ȼһ̣ǰһռѷͻأ֣һâ˳
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ա
ЩѪޱȿ̵ֲϢԵռ䶼ѹˡ
ϣĸȥԶ
⡭ô£
Ǹˣǿֲĺ
˽Եۡ
ԶŻͺƲüнⱩǣĶ졣
ԼҲ𾪣ʲôҲû
𣡡
ԶŭХ
ڹϯ˷Եúܷŭ񱩵ϢƺҪһж
Ե
죬ٴγ
һΣϵϢȸղſֲǧٱѹľ
׵壬Ϣ£һָҲˣֻĿźѹ

ʱǰѷУһ
ֻһֶѣȻ̼䣬ڶնʱըˡ
ͣ£۶Ѫɫͫһɿ־֮ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬춯ݣ¶ϲ
Сϣ
̫Ϥˣںڰɭּ񵽹СŮϾ顣
ѷ죬
ô£
⡭
һʿ𺳣£Ѱʿ֪
ϣɪɪյͷԶնߣգۼʧԶ
طʿʱһ
뿪൱֮Դˡ
Ȼ֪ô£ǣ̫ˣ
˵
ڣѣһƨ˵ϡ
Ψ˸ǰѷ죬ס˸
Сϣ𣿣

磬ϤЩЩˡ

ڰɭ֣ϾңڶС¶һ˿˿˵ĻЦ
ˡ
һ̣͵һռѷ˲պϡ
ͬʱڶǰĿռѷҲ͵һպϣʧ١
Сϣ
캰
ֻǣռѷ첻ٿкۼʧˡ
ܣʿ죬һ֪ͻȻڽкʲô
ŻͺƲԶ죬۹һǴĿ
ڳˣĹ졣
ѰϾϢͻأоԼϣʱƫͷ˹ȥˣ侲ֱ˸˴̹ǵɱ⡣
ǣ

ŲһΣֱӱ˹ȥ
磬̫һ֣塣
Ż̫ӭϡ
Ʋ˫ɭȻֱӳ硣
䣡
˵ײ׺ݵԪѹʮ
úӰɣʮԶŻͺƲԡ
˿̣Ѿȫ飬ŻͺƲȴҲѾǿ֮ĩûжսǴ۷״̬ˣ˸ס졣
ۣ
һȭŻؿڣŻʹڿѪ
Ż䣬˫ֽӡ֧֡
ߣ߶׼ƣŻѹȥ֮ǚiƶƲԣֱһƸȥƲԳ鵹ڳС

Į
˫ֽӡҶݺ֮һԻ
һһһңѹŻͺƲԡ
ˣչʶ߿ա
´ټնͷ­
Żͱ
䣬ֱӳԶȥ
Ǳģúţ
ƲĿ׹⡣
ڿնϣ˭Ҳߣ
̯֣ڱΰ˷ãͬʱ帲·
Żͺ⣬һɣ˲ʧ
ͬһʱ䣬ƲԻ壬ͷѪ΢΢һԶ

׷ȴΪ
һӣû˵ŷ֣Լ׷ϡ
Сһƴ
ңԶɵѾ鿪СҲȫˣںĻ֮£һƬСɳĮ
һ£ɨˡ
ӭ˶ʱһ
ߣ
˲ѣһȫ˸⡣
ЦǸɷǣ׼ң̫ʥأͨʥͨɾ϶ˣֱ׷ɱ壬ЩﻹҪһСĴŭλգۼͻᱻĳ⽴


381 Ծ
Ⱥһѷܹ⣬գۼʧټطǱÿտ
ΪѾƻ˸ɾϸ߿ճԶȥԼԼʿѾ뿪С磬ƬռһӰҲûˡ
£С
֪û

С֮ǰķѣö絤õսڼңûٴǰʱֻʣһˣ˶٣ǰȥ
ƿƵĵȷʵٶֵǲϡ
ҡҡͷ̧ͷӦǿĵ
ǣ
Щ棬ǰȥ
Сһ֣첽УԼһ֮ǰһٲˮԴһɽʶ£ºײһЩʯϣ
΢ٲ
УʶУҩ䡷Իͬ衣
üˮУԪƿٲоȻж죬һඦУһף̻ͨŸֹޣһֽҪڳĸоͬʱⶴڻвٸɿݵҩģһմҳš
ʼһǸо˾˵ĵһĵϡ
ָо͵ڵ֮ʱ޼
ҩڴй
лâеĵϲ̫ǿңҩڴ˲δͣãҲ㹻ϲˣԶ֮ؾޣκ˶һԵܴԵҩ𿪱ʱδﵽ羳ʵҲ㹻ˡ
ǰϷĻҳԭϥ
ٲĿռ䲢һ۾ܿ飬ºһʼС
ûתļʶϰҩ䡣
ߣҲһߣҲΩ޶ԣԻһ壬صһȵһӯ˵һԳΨԻҴҺţΪԴãḁ̃ƣ֤ӯӯ桭
˫ۣʶжҩܸ١
ˣ
жҩܸ٣Ƭռ䣬һâԻ
âֺɫȴһĲ
ͬƬռһɫԻ⡣ܿ죬Щ𶯣Ȫˮ͸ڡ
һȴǺְܿ
ߣҲ

һжҩܸ٣ƬСռھޣ콥һ˿ܸٵ塣νҲǴԶʥΪͻȴʧˣ޷ƾ赤𡣲ˣΪʿԪҲܹ࣬߿ӳԪʮꡣ
ʮ꣬Ѿܾˣ
ˣ
źЩδﵽ羳ҩµĵϣһΪҩܸٶԻ˳۳ʵʹâʶжҩܸ٣Щâ壬ʹԵ֮һĸһ
ʱ䣬֪š

С⣬һʿ߳Сڷ£ܿǴȥ
ĸͨǿߣɱˣôܣվɣ
ܣ
Ҳġ
ҡͷԸš
ճھɣ̫ˣȻҲ첻
ֻǣϢǵشһЩԭŵˣȫҡ
ģ
ģ˵СʮͨǿߵĿµǸ˲֪ʲôֶܹƿЩЩɱ˼ͨǿߡ֮ǰ׼һһͨʿˮˣʬǶŨˮ
ˮǲǴ˵еڤ֮ˮСͨڤӲɣ
˭֪أ
ĸͨǿߣ⡭׼
꣺׼ǵ˰˱ѪùˣȻһɷǣݵ㱻٣һ߽ȫɱվʿ˽ˣһ𣬻ѵĿһǿʮ̵Ĵ
һְĸͨɣǡ
Ĳһ㣬⻹ֹأҵƷҩʦ࣬Ҳ˸ˣǼһ׷ɱ̫ɽ壬ͽˣ
ʲô£
̫壬壬ǿҺɽӰ׷ɱ
ɲǣֱǷӣ
⡭Ẉ̂ң׼ң̫ʥأͨʥأңɽһҪڶдȫⰡ
˾
ͬһʱ䣬һϢСһףΪԶʱ
ȹ鶼ˣ
ǲǴеİԵ𣬾˵ȻʮпܵҳʱһУ۷ǿߣǻ֮ԴԶʱѼһͷҪ˵ˣôô
ʵϣǳˡ
ڶҡ
ͨɾͷһڱն󣬾Ȼ񻰴˵еˡ
һʱ䣬˵񾭶ǣˡ

׼ҡ
һڣ׺ҵŭɱ
һߣ˫ĿԲۺŭ⣬ǿǰĩɽ
ͨǿߣôˣȻǶڰ׼ϹŴĶҲԳܵʧĵԪķʮҲԻָĹ

׺ҵŭ
һֻ̣ɱŭ⣬ȴ˿뵽˭ʼ֡
̫ʥء
׷ȥ˸ѹ
ŭƵڲ񷡣
һͨʿʧʥҲѳܡ
ͬʱͨʥشͬǿ߳ǰĩɽ
ңɽҲǿ߸
ûʲôʧԼһ㱻ףȻûɫ
һʱ䣬ʿɽʿ
⣬Ǹһﲻ֪ڲС
֪˵ûг
ûܰɣҾӦˡҪǻڣˡ
˶¡
¡¡
ձѹĺһ죬а۷ǿ߸ϵĩɽСѰӰҩ𿪱ٳС緭˸飬ȻȴûһҵӰգһ˺Ƶɱ⣬ƬС硣
ңһҳ
Ƥǣ

һɭڶ򣬼ǳң׼Һʥء
һ˲䣬ڶǳ׷ˡ

ҩ𿪱ٵСٲڣĬĬС
ﾹϢܹӦΪƿҩ𡣡

һʱǰѰƬС磬ʵһǺܿ죬Ȼ˽뾭ٲҲӦĴڣֱӴɱˡ
ҡҡͷҲ룬֮ܰȫҪʲô
ˣ
ʶĬҩܸ٣Ƭռڵĺɫ⡣
ʱһţתۣչȥ
죬߲ݣһ˫ۺֻоԼľ࣬ΪҲǿ˲١ΪҪǣĵ˷ԾʽѾﵽƷҩʦ۷壬ܿܿ뵽ƷҩʦΡ


382 
΢΢ȭͷܹоԼŰĵʱڵ֮һ߳˺Զ
̯֣һ͵һɫ
ؾĵ𡣡

ܹΪؾɵ͵ߣɫֱΪƣϣ̣࣬죬ڣĵȼԽߣƱʱǸףıҲԽáͬʱǿĹԽǸߵȼĵ𣬹Խǿ񱩡
ԣؾĺɫ𣬿ԷٻؼһУվĿϨ
˫ۣתļϢԪ
ҩ֮ؾ죬ΪҲﵽյһ۷壬תļоԪøӴҲӻ֮ǿ˲١
ˣ
ֱһٴ˫ۡ
վ棬ø뿪ʱˡ
ٲˮԴ£죬мǿඦǰ֮
¡
Ҳʱһζطʼ飬ճһɫѷ졣
һƬռˡ䣬ڿն𣬿ٳȥ
ǰͷҩ𿪱ٵС类ƻĲˣҪ
ʮոտƬС磬ĿռǺֱ̮ˡ
ҡҡͷûжԶȥ
ջ񲻴
ۡ
ǰƬС磬СΪЩҪǣõö絤䱦ȻǴǿҲۺ졣
ڴɽּ䣬ʱûгȥŲӡ
ʱսѪɱǰУҪúþ
֨֨
ּвСè󣬶ʱһҼܿˡ
ݸȻһСǺˣܻɷӡ
һˣȷʵЩ̫á

ӵϰһݸУ׽һɵ㡣
ú߳ĩɽС·뵽һƬɽ
УҶƮ䣬Ȼ̬֮
ͽУͬһɢߡ
޵һ;Ǳ룬ǣһζĿޣþͺܺãżǵ÷ɼԶʱʥǽ֮Ϊġģĥľ޵ʷϣԽΪǿˣԽעһ㣬ΪľǸΪ磬Ǻ׻ᵼħ֮ľгԽΪ磬ôպбǻú˳ν֮ˮɡ
ۣϴŵЦ⣬һһ⣬ֻΪԼġ
ܺã࣬ˮԴܴ
һϪߣȻ

ڶ򣬸Ѱ죬Ǻ޲˺죬ҪǣϢõöıڶΪ֮ݣ˶ۺ꣬ǿǾ䱦
죬
𣿳
ҵһֻ㣡
һ
ĽǼһʿˣоŴ̵ˣȻҲа׼Һʥصˡ
˵ѾһսЩͨӣҲҽ
ҡͷ
ǹƣ뽫
˵Ẉ̂ң׼ң̫ʥغͨʥأһǿһ𣬽еȫռɽҵʿУҪ˺ңϱǿ߽֧š
ϱǿߣͨɾ𣿡
ǾͲ֪ˣվǿ߻еġ
⣬һжˣ
Լ˰ɡ
˻˵ǿߣһˣ֧Űɣ
Ǵﵽ̫ǵȸ߶ȣ򣬸վ壬ͬʱϰǿߣվڣҲǺѻȥ
¥˶ۡ
ڣһЩϣɢҲ̽¡
죬Сүһֻ֡
˫֣һŲ飡
ҳˣԶڹɣųСϡ
ܿ죬˷
ڶʿҡͷ֪ЩǹƣΪɻǾЩˣ죬ھ֮һսҲʤЩȴ˵Ļǡ

йһЩ֣߹һЩȻҲЩ
δ⣬ԵƵᡣ
һС·һƬȽïʢ֣ĩɽС
ּ䣬ƽ⡣
𣡡
У˻
úһͷ˼޳֣ɣգ泯
ʱһɿϯһľ֨죬·һ̾Ҫ
·
첽䣬ĵ
ƽû⣬ûɱȴİ˼һæͣɪɪǰԭС࣬˼ͻȻһĿ־У·һԵһҲҶˡ
Ա߹İ˼ޣԡ
Ųδͣǰȥ
޶ԶֱʧҰʱźݺ˿Һˡ
Ƭ֣ߣҲռһЩҩģ׼һ¯
ʱûйȥãʱ֣һͣ
ˡ

ʯȡһඦϣڶʱɫ
ռ˲ٲϣ׼һ¯Ԫ
ĽЩʱﲢû⣬һֱݡ
Ӭ̫ܷ࣬ˣֻȫġ
ˣ
ɫӿ붦ڡ
Կһڻ
ԼȥһʱͣӶȡʮö
ףԸӦ£¶֮ɫ֮ǰҲƹԪǸʱֻƷҩʦԪƷµȵҩԣʱķԪࡣﵽƷҩʦ۷壬ٴƳԪƷʱ֮ǰ֮𣬿˵һöԪЧֵϹȥö
΢΢ͷ콫ඦϥԭأ˫ۡ
ûϢ
ܿ죬һҹȥ̫֡
վ߳֡
죬𣿻
ֻҪҳ˫˫ţһ㣡
ԸֽţУ
⼸գʼղϡ
ۣһϳǣǴﴫ
ϳΪ£ݴҹǳУԿ¹ˮһʶȡΪ³ǣƽռеʿҲǲ١
ϣ
ҪһӲɣ
Ƕˣ
Ը˫˫ţԽΪһսɸң
ⶼҳǷ
ϳǷ
̤նУ³Ͽգһ۾Ϳ˽ˡ
Ǽ꣬Լʮ߰ˣʵҲǲյһ졣
αؽô

նУһżȥ
죿
Ǹˣˣ
³ʿԱɫ
ѭȥʱɫҲû֮ǰĿ̬Զȥ
ҪԸֽţԽΪһսˣʲô
̡
󣬲úһӴĵ¥ǰ


 


383 Ͼ
¥ռԼзԲʮɣϺܿˣ˵أֱһ
һ¥ͥ飬˽ȥ
㻹
һЦ
֮ǰļ֮һ˿ӻصٺˡ
Ϊ¥ھˣվ硣
èֻкβ
ƽ
˿̣һΧм䣬ɱȴһҲûб仯򶨴ݡ
è֪˺ʲô
һ˺
һ꣬Ϊ׼ҵһܳӡ
֪ţȴŵûǣܵƣ
Ц
ҵһܳǿߣΪյڶ졣
ɨȥЩ˾Ƿ˺ȴ˵ʲôû뵽ⷸԣԴ˶٣ֽŵ˵ҵ̫岻Ǻųͬһ𣬱׷ɱߣȴҪͷǱһվߵ۷塣
ʥ޹أΪԲбɱ㣬Ϊ壡
ǿ
׷ɱʥ޹أۣȻˣҲҷ׷ɱ̫йأһΪֹǰ
ǿ߶ʱɫһͣʱЩࡣ
ʿĶģɲҷ
α첻мҲҷĶһעûǰ·Ϊ
㡭
˺
̫ʥһվ˳ʦħͷ˵ʲôֱնɱ
ĩԪĹŵӣʮ꣬ȴյڶأսǳǿ
ֱնˣ
һ˿ڡ
ͨʥصһܳͽΪӰĵӣ죬ɱ⡣
ɱ

ι
һȺ󿪿ڣ䡣
ǾẈ̂ҺͰ׼ҵˣǣɱǿľˡ
󣡡
ȺдһŸվ˳ɫ䣬۷塣
˽Զһʱ䣬֮ڶ
ˣ
ãʮƺƵһƬ
¥ڱͺܿտ񣬰˺Χܣվڲͬλô߶Ԫ̼ѣһ˵Ѹٱںһɢһɱͨͨɾǿ߻ҪֲĲ֯һɱԣޱȵˡ
ϾϹſʦĺϻսɱ
ǿߺһǵȲ˵㡣
Уıƽһ˿̣ǵ̣
ƽı飬һ˺ܲˡ
ͷţ

첻мµĲ˿Ҳ⣬һˡ
ʱֻѹУҪõණö籦
Ÿеһ˵
ˣֱѹ
֮
򣡡
ȥ
ͬʱֱ֣һѹ䡣
ʱ죬˸Įͬڿʬһ㡣
ЩУоŴ̵Ľܳͽˣа׼ң̫ͨҺɽǿߣȫվ񣬰ǿߺڴ˵أټһϻ󷨣վ壬ҲĿѹסΪлоŸ۷ϱǿѹ
ƫͷмһ
ƽһܵĹײһ󣬾ֱ룬йâ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪǺɡ
ǣ
Ͼ󣬱ˣ
ôܣ
Ÿ۷߱ɫ
ϾϹŴĺϻ󣬾ۼǿ֮նɱͨǿߣ˴󣬾Ȼһͱ˸նˣҷв֮ˣþ𾪣˼顣
ͬһʱ䣬˸ļ¡
ô
⡭
Ӧð
˶벻ͨ
Ͼôô򵥾ͱն𣿣
м䣬ĲһҲûб䣬ɫûб䣬ͬʼǰ㡣
ǰ󷨣뷨
˵
ƽȴŨŨĳ
׿ʦϾֺϻ󷨣ԣͲֵһᣬһ۾ͿԿʲôطֻᵯָܽƻɺϻѹʵЩЦ
ǵѪ־ŭ
´󣬺Χһˣȴһʼͳ˴һ˸ɫѿ
⣡
Ȼϻ󷨣ʲôãô˾һ𣬻оλ۷ǰܵ𣡣ûɱ˼ͨɳϧƾԼ˿⣬ֻһ

һˣ졣
Ÿ۷ߵͷȫߵǰΧ鵭Į
ˣ۷壬һ˿Ҳ졣
ΨһĽ֡
±ѧ㣬͵㣬Ҫʲô˶ȥǡ
ڿˣ
˵
˿粽ȥ졣
ӭžˣıƽ
Щȫ͸ǣʱҲʱˣһ·

â˸һӰǰ׼ҵǧͨ
׼ɫһֱֳǰȥһ̣ɫ䣬ֻоԼڿտҲһ˿һԪҲоˣ·һˡ
ͬһʱ䣬˸Լ
Ԫأ
Ԫôˣ
ô£
Ⱥ󿪿ڡ
˶죬󣬰׼ҵ˶ݣ뵽˰׼ݵ㱻ٵ¡
㡭˺͵ʱһֶΣʲôʱ򣡡
ļ¡
ô᣿
ղʲôҲû

Ű׼˵Ļ˲䶯ݣҲ뵽˰׼ݵ㱻ٵ¡ʱĿߴرֶηӡ˵ԪЩ˸ӦԼԪ뵽ݵ㱻ٵ£ʱɫұ䡣
м䣬첻Ц⡣
ɱ
ƽ
Ӱ֣ܼĴӡѹ䡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʱ䣬ʮʿѪ
ʮöԪﵽƷҩʦ۷κƣѾԳ׷ӡ۷ǿߵԪҡ
ӣ㹻ɱˡ
䣡
ǧִ𶯣ȭƣצһһɱ¡
ʱ䣬˽˴ѣҽ
ŵˣҼסˣͥؽȥٵһΡ
㡭
ۣ
Ϲ̵ˡ
ۣ
ҵˡ
ۣ
׼ҵˣûʲô˵ģҴﵽͨɾȥ׼ҵŰݷá
ۣ
Ѫһӣм䣬һǧ֧ͨӰɱÿһɱһͨվʿϾЩԪסˣûжٵֿ
㲻˵ҪԸֽţԽΪһսˣɡ
סһꡣ
Ҫֻǡ
˿־塣
ȳ֣ðɡ
ǡ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ڿУ֮ǰڳнһ걻ͷ­
վԭأһˡ
ңû£Ѱ·
ס֣衭
꾪ֺˣϧӵĵֱӱǧӰĵķѡ


384 
ѪƮڵ¥ڣһƬ죬Ŀġ
һ˲䣬¥˶Ԫ⣬ڣз֮

ӣ
߰
˴Уȥ
ЦôܸЩܵĻᣬɫһҡ
۵𣬳ȥļ˶ʱᴩԴ

ҽ;ص˶ˡ

۷߽е
̫ʥصһʿʥصĽܳͽնŭ㡣
֣ɽ˵

̧һᴩߵüġ
ǧӰ𶯣б𣬲ô϶˱
ƫͷס˼ͷ
ɽˣѰ·
ۣ
תۼ䣬ͷѪ
ͨʥصˣӰĵӣãȥԱТġ
ס
ۣ
һգۣͨʥصĵӱնѪȾ¥


һ
Ⱥ֡
ԭúһУȴ룬ء
һϱǿ߽¥ײһǱĳȥȡ
³ǽֵϣӳߣ˽ļ¡
ǡ
ҵһϱǿߣڶԸ𣿡
Ȼˣ
˵ۡ
ʱݵһһâɳ۵Ľߵͷ­䱬
Ⱥŵľŵŵŵĺˡ

ҽԴ¥ڻص͸ƿĿĽֵľ
˶ǵ¥ס˺
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ã¥һâնķѡ
һ޳Ӱڿն𣬲գһԶȥ
ǣ죿
ߡˣ
ǵ¥ѵ
һ
׳ŵǰģֻصĲʬʱŵʧɫ
ȫȫˣ
˰м۷ǿߣһӲͱȫնˣ
ֱǿˣ
Ⱥļ¡
һ죬ϢٴĵڶΪ֮𶯡
Ẉ̂ң׼ңңɽ̫ʥأͨʥأôĴһ𣬰ǿߣŸ۷壬Ȼһڱȫ𣿡
Աȵϼʥˣ
һˣȻܳɳز⡭ǿµˣ
ͨɾ֮£ûмܹס˰ɣ
׼ҹҪˡ
Ĳ
ǰвɢ޶ע⣬ҪıᱦڣȴҲû˸Ҵ˼ǿǸˣնʥҵǿߣ˭ȥùͷ
һ粨ϯڶŵϢ˶ˡ
Ӵˣ˲ʶ
૵

뿪³ǣһڴϣġ
һˣվЩġ

Ƭֻаһѣ񣬵Щˡ
֪ǼһôˣӦҲﵽվɣ̫壬ˡ
뵽
˵ڶ򣬳˰׼Һ⣬Ҳ֪̫塣
ŰʵܸмȻ鷳ǹﱾǴģûκ෴ʲôŶԷ̹Զԡ
˶٣͵ҡҡͷ
ˡ
һǰȥ
Ͱ׼ҵĹϵ׽ˣл͵أѣ֪ܲ
ļգ߹һƬƬ֣һƬƬأֻʶˡ
ˣ
ʱһʯ£תļԪΪ֮
վԪʹ֮ɡ
£ϾƹѾ߹μУʱĴԪ
νԪʵϣʹʶ޼ȻѶȴҪһЩ
ϾԪ鲼ȫҪȫΪЩӡ
ʯϣļתһĴԪʱǰһϪˮԴ죬һȻϽ֯ܡ
һۣһչȥ
һպվֻþǿʢЩ
ĵͷϪȥ

ڶʱ価Ѿȥգ˻Ǽ¡
ۼǿߣɱһճʿȴǱȫɱüνȫ档
Ǹ̬
Ĳ
ͬʱڣǴŭ
ǰ׼ң׺ҵѪĿѡ

⼸գ׼ÿն
̫ʥغͨʥȻҲܰʱʱпµɱ⵴
ܿ죬չȥ
һ죬һ쳹񷣬һƬƬա
ڶ֮ϣһͷֲĲ£Ĳ
ǣ
⡭ǰĴԣģ

Һ
𣡡
Ϻں֮գ˾֡
׼ң̫ʥأɽңͨʥأһ죬ϹŶ˫ۣڶĲ񷡣
ڤħ
˵дڵ۷壬ٽһܿ羳
һ
ô£
Ϣȫѹ
һ죬ڤħʣ˫һǧúϿա
һ˿־壬ȻҲ⣬˺ˮڤħ˵еĴڣҾܿɸƬ򣬿ڤħǰȴʲôҲ㲻ϣͷħһܽҸ˭Ҳš
κڤħչ뿪̫ʥϿա
ͣʮڤħٴԶȥ
⡭
찡
Ҫʲô
һ죬ڶڿ־֮С
ʵǣڤħϵϢֲ̫ˣֱͷ·һڻ֮Դ㡣
һƬУȻҲǿڤħ
ʲô
â
ܹͷĿֲԾأ漶ǰԡ
һľۣ֮ź񷣬·ԷѰʲô㡣
𣡡
𣬿ϯأĵڶĲ񷶼˿һɫƲн֯š
ȥˣ
뿪˱ȥϷ
ʧˣȥ
һ죬ڶ˿־壬ǣ˶Ų񷡣
˶ˣѰʲô
ˣһһͷڶϿգֲѹѹ䡣
쳿ʱһֱըա
ڿգڱͷһƬּͨ䣬ſڣһźɫڹ𣬺
մ飬ǰֳһ޴ȱڣһĹ
ڤħԵЩ˷ܣֱӳ˽ȥתʧ
޴ȱȴǱؼ䡣
Լ䣬һд
ʲô
Ǻ˵ڲɣ
⡭
Ĳ
̫ʥغͨʥطϹŶռĺڵȱڣʱɫ¶ݡ
ǣ
ءǿд˽أ
ʲô
ʥصϹŶǽ𾪡
ܿ죬йؽصϢ˳ȥõڶ𶯡
棬֮أ
˺Ȼ


385 ټ
ÿһ̤޵·˶ﵽʥ򣬿ɹȴˣ콾ȴҲֹֻ֮⣬ľҲԿСһռ䣬֮أʱǣ˵񾭡
أ
⡭
֮زɣ
ڶ˽𺳡
תۼ䣬ϲ˷ܺͼƵڶĿС
ͬһʱ䣬ΪңԶĵطһľۣ֮ɫֱ䡣
ǣ
򿪵Ŀռ䴦ڱ򣬾λúԶʱΣҲܲĲʱʶײ񽣶ˡ
Լ䣬һ߲ʹâƶֱָƬڡ
ƺڴߴǰ
˸ңԾڿն𣬳űȥ

򿪵Ŀռ棬ʱʱд
ڶ˶ˣ˶ڸƬڡ
󣬽ģԽԽϢ
ƬԶžʹڣഫһƬµ˲ǿߡ
пµ˵лıֲܿ
֮أôһ£
ʱ̫Զ˵壬伮мأйصĶ
ȷʵôһ£
һʿ䴫
쳯űȥȻЩӲɵ΢
أ֮ء

ٶȲնУ˲ϢǰԶ
һ죬˶ݣһЩϱǿҲˣȫŽڵضȥҪõνйصܡ뽣̫ʥغͨʥأȻ˴ﵽ˽Χǣȴʱû˸ҽȥ
ϾŽвãЩ˿ɲôȥùͷ
٣õȵȶ
ܿ죬ذǾˣʿۼطֻ˴ͷֱӴУ֮Ե
ഫÿʮ꿪һΣÿһζǿ߽УȻȴǶ붼档żϼأϴνؿǰǰһΣȴͷǿдˣôһŻ
ݴ۷״̬ʱУȴԶûٳ
꣬رǿߵķĹ
һ
һ·ȻЩеľâǸŨ
߶֣ٶȸЩűȥ

ʱ䣬תۼţȥ
һ죬ڵϢȶһȺ˶ʱȫ˽ȥ
Ϊ
˴
Զŵڣ޵ʷ˰꣬ȴ̤
ѾΪΪʿ롣
֣ǿԴ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʿȥУԪϯʮˡ
ʮ̣ҩң׼ңң̫ͨɽǿǰ
ܿ죬չȥ
һ죬Զڸϵ˽֮⡣
ʼһڽ⣬ʶе񽣱𶯳һƵϼ⡣
棬ҪĶ

ʶеأܲƿأǣÿһ𶯣ڸӦ˲˵Ķȵ⣬ɷϵ
Ҳ⣡
䣡
һĨâڿն𣬻һ磬գۼ뽣С

紵ڣԵЩ
ȥԵЩ谵Ƶһȡ
˿̣Ѿۼ˲ʿ˶ڳŽȥû̫⣬ڳɫϣƽһɨܣһǰߡ
죿
Ҳˣ
ɱʲôϵ
˼죬ʱˢˢ·
ʿǸȻɷǣʥصĳ϶ɱ
Ҳ⣬Թǰȥ
⽣ҲвٸɽɽľȴǿήˣԵúƶ񤡣ڳɫϣһ·ŽȥܿйǧɶԶ
Ҳʱͣ½ŲһϤá
˽£ӢΰŮӿ飬ɫˡ
ǰ׼ã
ؿǿǰ׼ҲС
ʱȻҲ졣
֡
Щϲǰһֹͣһʱ䣬ɱ˰׼̫ˣ죬ʱȴҲ֪ôڡ
죬Įɫ罻֯Ͼԡ
Ű˶٣ڣЦ㵽վˡ
šš
׼ֲ֪˵ʲôɵõ˵СԴ
䣡
춯һɫУ졣
һ̧ͷԼĸ磺磬ʲô
ܹоͷѹµжô£ǚiһһߡ
׵ڵرһըһ޴ӡ
˶ʱ˵ע⡣
һ˲䣬˶ˡ
ǣ׼ҵ壬ˣ
ղ
ϻǿ˰׼ôˣŹˣ
⣬Ҫһս
˵£֪˭ʤ˭ܣ
ֱĶǰ
ǻЩһΪҰܣϾ壬ɱǿᣬһȭɻһƬ׺һһʱֳķ籩̫ˣն׼߽ܣپŴͥնɱĴͨǿߣ׷ɱ̫ͻ壬һն˰ǿߣ¡
Щ˻治֪߼ǿ
䣡
춯һɫ罻֯ƶˣĻֲ꣬ޱߡ
죬ͨâ
üһǿ͸׻֮鲼ȫңҲ˿˿Ƶ罻֯ž춯
ⲻҪһս
һʱ䣬ǿϢײһնڻζһѿ
áǿ
ˣơղεˣ
̫ˣ
ļ¡
񱩵ײһԶм䣬绡֯졣
һ쫷ΪĳܵĲ˵ŵŵŵĺˡ
磬죬ǲҪ
е
һ׸磬һõѣۿҪսһ𣬰Щˡ
粽
ֻһѣȴԾԶһƬ׺ѹããռ䡣
ƽҲǶˣ֮ת۳ڰǰ
ˣ
ֻȭͷײһܵĿռʱ鿪
ɫĿռ֯ͬϵ̮ļ¡
һ׽϶ϯն¡
ˣ
һڱӴ֣Ϊһ֣ӭ񽣡
ײһ𣬺һһֲ쫷硣
Ŀ棬ͬʱȭ໥ˡ
ֻһ˲ѣٴγԷ
䣡
ǧӰӡѹ£츲أһС
üͬһͨȵİ׼߽ǿ˺ֹǧٱ
˫ֽӡͼǰӭϡ


386 ս
ͼǧִͨײһ𣬷һ͵죬վ
䣡
籩ϯʮ˺ˣٴγϡ
һΣû似ûֻͨһ˫ȭײһ
飡
飡
飡
ʮһŤѺ۳Ű˷ӡ
ÿһȭѹ£ǴһƬƬâƿֲˡ
ǿ
찵
ѾǵʶʿǺǿҲ
ӶȭٴǿһȭѹС
ˣ
ֻһȭǰĿռֱѿˡ
Įϵǿʢ
飡
飡
飡
˲϶ȭգٴκˡ
Ǳˣ
С
ϧ컹ǰʱͣ
Ͻ֮֯⣬׻âϢǿľˡ
˶ӣʱƣƱԽԽǿ
Ԫ񱩣ٴγײһ
֣һβǼ򵥵ǹһֻããĴӡԻڱ˲񷣬ƺƵĳѹ¡
׼ҵƣ
䣡
׼߶ͨ壬ѹʮһա
üٺˡ
ʩչ۶ѹȥ
˵һҡһѺۡ
治ɫһ£ٴδ߶ơ
һƣȷŸǿ
üһԻӭϡ
⻪ʮ
ͻȻԻһѣ춼Ӱÿһ·ɫһ䣬Աʶһ̣һɱĸо룬гһƷֵ

һ죬еƷֱ鿪
һϮ
ͷֻӶȭȥһ׽ײһ
֣׽ĮĶ졣
䣡
һûУâڱС
ܣȺԱɫ⡭ˣҲѳƤ
ʱ֮Уһֻȭ˳ݺڰϡ
⣬ǿˡУȻܷ
˵ۡ
һȭ۽ǱһЩ˳ȥԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ʧ¶ЩǱ죬Щͷ콹ˡ

ǿˣ񣬺񡭡Ƶġ
ۿˡ

춢ŶԷսȭͷ
ͷڷ趯쳹ɢӿ񱩵Ϣ˵һ԰𣬺ƺƵ֮˸ѹȥ
һյŤˡ
ۣǚiһչֱӳ˹ȥ
ֱӳУһȭŰӳ
˿ĳ棬˽Աɫ
ֱӳڣ
Ȼ谭
죬⵽ô£
˾ȡ
΢ȭͷѹʱˣܿһȭͶʩչܹסǲȣһʼ׼
ˣ
ͣоʮŵ׹ѹ
ɫʮŵÿһ̺ſֲ۷ǿڡƮȻˣ˫ֽӡһ𣬽С
̫
ᣬܹݻھȻ̫Ҳ
ôģ
𾪡
ʮ׹̫ײһ𣬺Ȼը¶һӡ
룬Ʈû˿ˡ
죬
ˣ
ϣ֮һͷɫ
һƵգ绡͵춯
һʶڣ˫ҡҷ
ʶ󣿣
һ
ʩչͬʱ߶磬̫ӭԲµɫʶ𣬽֧ڹâ֯˷
䣡
䣡
ɿ񱩵Ϣײһļ¡
˳һȭŵʶ໥䲻ײ
һȭڰؿڣİһ򣬲ڵءΪʮ֮һôܳԿں˵ͬʱһ׹£һνûУ˳ȥʮԶ
ˣ
𶯣ͣһ粻䣬ȫΧС
⡭
ÿµĻ棬ֱ䣡
尡һȭһƬ׺Ȼ鴫
ľ
ǚi׵ͬʱ߶˫ն˷ЩϽ֯źڰڹ⣬Իޱȣǿء
ﬣ
ܼ类Ƴգѹ
ɫʶ𣬲âгһ顣
Į粽
Ӷȭһȭѹ£ռ𶯣ͬһʥı˰㡣
ÿµ
ˣ̫̬ˣ
ѵ𣡡
ľ
ѹȭͷϽ֯׹⣬ٵĹԣֱѹһС
֮ƣС޾⣬ȭˣӶȭͷǲɱ
ˣ
ȭײһֱӱˡ
һޱǿĶԾȻ䣬ͬʱɣԿѪ
磡ǰץסֱۣҪˣòãȻô˵ȴԵЩϾɱ˰׼̫ˣܱɱЩ˺òͬһֱϵѪףվǰ׼ˡ
ƿѲأÿһ񷶼ᱩһѹ£ߵĵ·ϣ·Ϊ俪·ǿƣΧĲ壿̫ǿˣף
ͬʱҲǶס죬ͬ˸ͣǣ׶սܿ£ȴȫȫסܹ֮һսҲ·𺳡ɱʥغҵǿߣȻǵ
䣡
΢˫壬ǿϢ
״Ǵ󼱣죬ҪҸ򣡡̫ǿˣսȻ̫ҲΪ֮Ĳ;ȡʱû̫ʱ侪ȣΨһҲõѣ׸磬˶ǶҪˣսһ˲У
Ų΢٣ͣ
ֻһ˲ѣٴζˣɢǿʢƣѪ
һս޿ɱܣ
䣡
䣡
ɰԵϢײӰԻֻȭͷٴײһ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
һ̣˵ӰԵЩģΪǵٶȼ죬һδڿн棬򵽶嵽֪˶ٵ档
嵽ˣ
ѽ
ˣ
ȺɫͰսƶʱˢˢߡ˵ĶԾǵʵЩˣЩͨʿо˽ʱ⽦һâܽǸ˺


387 սβ
ȺɢʱͰĶԾﵽ˰Ȼ׶Ρ
䣡
񱩵Ԫϯʮռ䣬һı顣
ջ֧ʶɿֲףһƬȾ׵գһĻܣĳɱȥ
˵һ޶̶ıʶס䡣
ˣ
ʩչݻ֮
ʱ䣬һʯ̨һʯڳ𣬳Űѹȥ
һ۵ײͬǿߵĶԾǰΧۡ
졭ס˰׼壬˿·
ǼһͬڣĿԳˣȥ̫⣬ͬ޵ˡ
⡭
𺳡
һˣûκκԮ֧ţȻﵽ˵زϹҵʥ࿹⣬ˣĳ̶ֳ϶ԣʥغҵʥӸǿ
һ׶
ˣ
׼ͨԻһӰƺǧͨһ㣬ߴľˡ
Ӱ˵һƬضڻζ
Ӱȭ졣
˫ָ񵲣ֱӱ㱻˳ȥֻо˫һ飬Ѫһڡɫ䣬ǚiһɫȭգݺһȭӰѹ¡
͵һǿӰֱӱ顣
һһӰ˫ӭٴλӳһȭ
հһȭŵŵŵĺԶ
ԶʱԶ˲ˣɫȴûʲôı䡣ۿںһƬǴѪҲûƽӢΰӡһߣҲûкõȥ˲٣紦һѪۡ
磬Ҫˣ￪ڣ죬죬ҪҸ򣬺òã
죬Щ
治ɫΨоâ˸
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮Ȱʧһ̱ٴײһ
iʶʩչ׼޾еһͨѹرգ٣Ͷ㶼޾硣
䣡
ںһƬһѹ£ƺ䡣
ޱ飬𣬺ɫɫƮɣʥ֮
ﬣ
۳ɽʵХÿһ䶼ѹһƬ׹⡣
ǚiͼŰȥ
ˣ
ͼ;еһȫʧ
Ƕķӡʥˣ񣬷ɣԷӡԼ
ˣ˫ֽӡ۰׼죬ֱѹ
䣡
ͼײһ໥䷢͵죬顣
˺ͬʱȭ໥ڶԷϡ
³һѪȥֻһʹǚiһ˲Ϣڰǰ˫ֱŰԴϥǺݺݶڰϡ
飡
һ촫ֱӵɡ
Уͷһץסţݺڵ֮ϡ
һֱӱҳһ޴ӡ
оͷɢ˰㣬ԪѾĳɣӿžʹѪֱӻӶȭŰվͻ˹ȥ
Ϊ壬Ȼ׵£ͬһȭӳ
飡
飡
ȭһͬʱڶԷϡ
˵ӱңǿԪ似ͨһһԻ
䣡
治飬ղͣŤ˵ȭͷʱʱײһ𣬴һɫĿ𶯲
һۣ˱Ѿսһʱ
һʱ䣬ȺοڣͣǣĻ෴սĸӿ񱩣ǴŵĲΧһˡ
˵
ڷ裬һοڣĺ⡣
ʱﲻ֪˶ᣬһ浣İΣΪ׼ģһΪɱٰ׼˶ѹ࣬ˮȹȥʮܺͻҪʮԴˣȻȫͷϣÿԼõᣬ뽫ץǧС
䣡
񱩵˻ڷŭһɫأˡһӰٴԻɫ׼ףԪ
ˣ˫ֻһѪɫѷ졣
ѪɫѷԼ䣬˻֮д˳
һˣã

ѪɫѷŤֲӭǰ
໥ײһ𣬿µϢɢرһı顣
ХӰ̧֣Ȼγһ׽וּһ˻
磬ʲôס֣
ɫ
ǺԼ˿ʩչǺεԴ߶޾еǿļ֮һ˿Ӱνһͨǿ߶ܵס
죬ˣ
Ｑ
һǸоһĿ£һ
η塣
ˣ
ѪɫѷУһֻ޴Ĺצ̽ʼһ֣ʮ
ɲǼ䣬һޱȿֲĲɢ˳
ʲô
ļ¡
צǴĵ̽š
Ҳһԭȥߣɴʱȴͣ
ʱ򣬰Ѿײһ
䣡
µһֲĹצ໥ײÿһζرһƬ
ʯſϳ壬һѺԻ
⡭ռ棿
˼ֱ̬
һͨǿߣҲԴﵽȳ̶Ȱɣ
ľ
˵ĶԾҲ֪ȥ˶ãӰʧѪɫѷҲΣʶͱŶԷ˸ԴŴԵúǱʱһɵԪˡ
ֻǣɲͣ£һγ嵽һ
飡
飡
飡
ȭŲײʱʱڶԷϣһ졣
Ǳ˰
е
ϧûʲôá
˲ͣȭһ˿ԪҲĥɾˣֱŤһ
˵
ΪܸߣʵҲʲôջô֡
ͷ
ĥ
Ťڵأڰϣȭͷкȥȭȭ⡣
һؿڣֱ˹ȥһȭ
ܣһΧԭܾȣǽģȴǽԵԲ˫ۡ
죬ﵽˣ
ȵȡڸץסͷ
죬סıӡ
ﵽȥˡ
ҡ죬£
Ŀࡣ
ͬǿ߶ԾôݱˣôǽֱߵĵƦåڴܣ
죡
ŭ쾹Ȼ
Ҳûã㣡öϲ
Ӧ
˵
һקͷһֻȭıӴȥ
һȭĽʵʵʹѪ
ģ
챩ֿڣŰһȭ
ŤһţڵϷһɳȻѪ


388 
ԶŤһ𣬰ɫʱˡ
ǻס֣вУ
߹ȥ
첻ǲͣ£ץŶԷͷһĺ

ȺǶڳ
ͬһǰ׼ʥӣ壬һڶͨǿ߶ˣȴͬƦåԷͷ
ǡӶ𣡡

ȴǲӦ໥˫໥ŶԷһ
磬ȷֺòã
磡
õĸ첲գֱðߡ
ȻȻͷϣһʱ䣬ָݣƴקͷ۵һ
аֱͷײԴŰͷҲ
ƫͷε졣
ҽͷ˵
֡
ðǣҧгݣ˵
ͷ
Ӧ
˭Ҳ˭ԪɿˣȴҲǲС
վߣȰ⣬û˵ôãҲǻˡ
ˣ
һűڳʼһֱɢһâ
һڱ«ߣ磬ڰǰ³
ǡ
ӡϵƵ⡭ֻͨǿܴ߶ȫ
ƣӦƷˣ
Ⱥ
оĲⱦ«Ϣͨͨǿ߶
߶«ɫںڵģݺݵĶͰʱ䣬󲻷֣ҽһѹѹһ꣡
죬
磡ѹ׸磡
ɫѿ
л
Ҳڡ
°ѹˣſڱտڶǵԼǿҪѹ˼ϹŶץֻȥˮίʵЩΣգ˵ҪѹͰ˵Ļᶯ֣ʱ޶ûطȥ

ﶢ죬ؿ
ҲˣŰͷ֣ҷһ
ܣ
Ķ졣

ٴ«ɢǿĲ
ͷ֣
ɣ
˭Ҳ˭
ǿĲɢؿڵı«һƹԡ
һ
ĥ«ڵӿʼתҪ򿪡
Ͱɫһ䣬գ˿飬˲ͬʱ֡
ǱȽ˽֪Լڣпѹ׸硣
Ŷ
ͷ
վһ໥ӣԿԷ˳ۡ
ƫͷԼãģ
뿪ʱӼ˳һ

üͷһһģӼ˳һ
ʱԶǿϢɲǶѣǰ
˴ԼڶʮңͷɣϢǿ
̫ʥ߳Уͨʥӿܣ
Ⱥȡ
߳бһڱ䣬ɢһɼΪϢ
ܻԡ⣬ƽͣȴһַǳѹֵĸо
˲壬ȴǧź˵Ѿﵽ죬ǰ˽սǲʤ
С
ڶʥأֱ̫ʥغͨʥأֱ𴫳С̫󽣡ֹͨ͡ŷϹҵǿžѾʥصĴеĲˣ϶ѾƿأֻΪ
ŰһսҶ
ܶŰͷһЦ
û˵ʲôӦɫܳʼĶ졣
֣ƺ˲ᡣ
ۡ
һߴԱ߳п粽ɱ죺ȻˣǾ뿪
һɼΪµϢԻ磬ǿ󣬿¡
ȺһȽ
ÿµĽƣ߳Ѿ̫󽣣٣
˵
߳п粽£ڵϣÿһο粽õһһѺۡ
ӭϢͷһԪɿݣܵס
ˣ
ʱһڱ«ͻأǰһ߳˳ȥ

߳Ȳסâ
ܽ£վ߳Աߣ׼ҹǺ⣿
ҵˣ
ǰ
ʲô
죬ˣ
֮ǰдԣͰ׼ҹϵܣ⡭ѵʲô
ǣղ첻ǻͰԾ𣿣
÷ʹ໥˳ۣȻ
ƨɱ˰׼ôˣ
Ⱥۣ졣
ü
ɫˣԼãͺȵ˵ʲô
ֲǸ˼ˣʲô¡
ﹾ档
üһҪӣɨ֮ǰڵһЩˡ
ȺһæͷȥҺͰӡЦȻԪɿݣ˼Һôǰ׼ʥӣ壬˭ʱǣ
ۣ֣ǣǡ
޹أ

ܵͷǱˡ
߳еͷٴο粽졣
ˣ
«𶯣һȦɹɢٴν߳бɡ
ҵˣ
ˡ
ɫֺˣ뽫ץȥ
ȻЩգҲܸмڱϾڻ
΢΢ۣЦ׼ҹûмǴƺΪ׼ҴУ׼ݵ㣬ɱ׼ˣͬİ׼߽ܣ׼ͨɾǰôȥ𣿡
üſܵʱ
ɫٺܹ˵ȻǴԼõʹ
䣡
һɿµϢ«ɹ⽻֯һˡ
ѿ뿪
߳䣬ã롭
飡
ɢϯ߳ɨʮԶ
סΣ߳ҲסŲ붢˺ǿ󣬵ǰȴƿһһƷȱƣһͨǿ߶Ҫǿܶ౶ȻʵˣȴҲǺѵֵס
׼ҹ㵱Ҫ
ϵЦݶʱʧˣɢһǿĲĮ
ǰһ«ʱ䣬ڣʧǰѹһ꣡
ܣΧ⻰ôô죿
ѹһꣿΪм޵𣡡
߳
￪ڣ
˵һһƸǿ
Ȳһ˽һȻҲ⣬Ϣ̫ǿˡ
ɫ׼ҹȷʵǿδ̫Եˡ
ﶢˣٴοڣ㣡
䣡
ɲǼ䣬«âһֲ쫷磬ŵĲľ
Ϣֱ֮ǰǿ
ԣ֮󣬲ӦǶôֱӾˣ
ֹ
죬
ʱˣ«ֱӳſƮȥ첻ѹ㣬ոˣ


389 ѹһ
ʱĺܲˣһΪȥ鷳ѹһΪɱһڰ׼ģ֮ǰͰսһܡǰɱ䶼հףϾֱϵѪףɰһ׸磬˸ĸҪսֹˣĿ֪ܺ˷ֿˣʼջһѻܺ߳ǰ춯֣ƣǳ׽ѻȼˣһĻѹ״磬һѹǰˣ
䣡
«⻪ʢɹ壬һ졣
һռֱӱˣһմѷͬ֩ܡ
衭ѽ
˶¡
Ʒ֮ΪǶơ
ܺˣȻΪͨʥӣΪͬսܣһڶʱȴҲǲòΪ֮ݣ̫ǿˣĶɱһͨɾǿ߶̫
ܵ˫ͬʱ̧ӡ۷ǿ߶㤵ͨʮգ޾ǰۣܷӿ
£

ͨʥءͨеһǿƺ㣬޵£֮۳ɱ⣬ǳ¡
̫ã
ҧ
«ɹ⣬ֱӽܴͨ˸ɾ
飡
ܴȣ貵ľâͬͷг𶯵ⷽն˻طŤˣ޾ķ˾㤡
ǿ
ʥʥӣ䲻壬սһ
ͨΪвͨǿˣ
ļ¡
ԶȻҲݣȷʵ£ĲȻȴǲģ֪Ϊ̫壬ﵽվƷȻͨͨǿҲɱܲв
䣡
֮ͨƺƵѹһ㣬ƺҪ
ﵯָƮţʱ΢΢һ
ˣ
ͬһıˣ«Ϊ㣬һɫĲۿɼĺۼɢ֮ƽȣǿܴ֮ͨȴ˲ˡ
⡭
ܴǿͨ˲ʧˣ
̫Щ˰ɣ
һĿࡣ

߳кȵ
וּһ䱳Ĵ󽣳ʣն˸ԡ
̫Ϊ̫ʥشб䣬ǿṥɱڶ߳չּ̫ڵͨʱİ˻ĿռΪ֮ս˼
󽣺գѹ
«һֱӱ㽫еĽƱ飬߳еĴ󽣵
ɵ
׼ҹҪһսͲ˰׼ʥصĺ
ܳ
ﶢſܣݺĥֻ֣ѹ㣡
֨ѽ
һ죬«һסڰаγ
ʱ䣬һɸֲƳɺͬһɽһ㡣
찡
⡭
ˣˣ
˴С
«һ̱ǿһɹ˸Ĳ˿־壬Զȥɹ̫ˣһ˿һͨǿߡ
쾪ȣεӵɺȻô£ֱǽ⿪ĳַӡ㡣
䣡
𶯣߶«ֱӶ׼˿ܡ
ڳױɫһ̣һޱȿµסˣҪɺ«ק

ܴ˸Զˡ
Զɫ߳վһŰ׼ҹ£ͨʥԺ׼֮Ϊ֮˵ţ߳еͷתߡƷ̫ǿˣ֪Լ˴ˡ
һŹ⣬ǰ
𣡡
ǰ
߳â
ܵ׼ҹӮˣô
ѹһ꣬˵
ǿơ
«ɹ˸«ףһںڶ
ܵɫ׳̫֣
ȣ
ﲻΪ
«𶯣ǿ
ˣһǰ˲ϰݣҪ˸ѹ
ߡ
ڡ
ãɺǺܳȣܺ߳Ϊ̫ʥغͨʥصʥӣĳϴ̫ʥغͨʥص棬ǰѹˣʥص棬С鷳
ɣ
ﲻͬ⡣
«⻪ǿңһܺ߳С
һķռ䡣
΢΢üס֣ߣ
ٷϻ飬һѹ
ĥ
Զˣ

ǿơ
ȿȣǰ
Χ߱Ź֣Цȴǿš
ڵĲٺڣͷֱʲôãſڱտҪѹ׸磬Ҫˣ
úúãСȻԪָǺһѹ
Ц
Ҳһ˵һѹ

죺
Զ̲סЦܿǿסˡ
䣡
ɹ«ͻأŴ«ڶһС
ӿֲĴӿƺһ˫εĴץ˿ܺ߳С
ˣ
ܵͳ
߳ɨ۰ٺˡɵУ
ӣ

ĻˣˣԪһ̫ԴȻûɺ
ʱ䣬ƸǿǷŴ
ܺ߳еǰ·ֱӱնˣʮ
⡭
ҵ죬ֱͨ۷ǿˣ
Σգ
˾ü
ܴ𣬼ͨеǿһɺ磬ͷ
«ȥ

һ̫Դ߶ʵڿµ㣬«ڹâʢ·ͨ۷ǿߵһֻѹ˿ܳͨɺһŹâ˲Ϣ£ֱӽܸסˡ
ɫٱ䣺׼ҹס֣
Ŀ֣һ«𶯣Ӳ˽ȥ
⣬桭ѹˣ
ǿͨʥصʥӰ
ݣ
˵
ɫЩÿںڵģԼͷˣ
Цȴסˡ
䣡
һϣƫͷס߳С
ûжԣ«𶯣ѹԷ
߳ȻԴУٴγɢӿֲܡ
̫콣
߳д
̫еһͨɱǿ
Ҳͽͣ

ɺѹ£һֱӽ߳еĴķѡ
«ɢǿʢһԻɲǼ佫߳ûһ㣬ɺ֮ڡ


390 
«â˸߳кһ֯ķǾˡ
䣡
«𶯣ǿԪܺ߳д볯塣
ʵЩˣУȻ壬𾪡

ն
𴫳ܺ߳дչ嵽ɺ˿ڴ
ʩչ׼ƣһȥ
㡭
飡
˱ɫֱӱĻغ«С
󣬸Ϸ«ӷɻأ͵һ׽ɺˡ
ǣѹˣ

̫ʥӣͨʥӣˡ
Ŀࡣ
ҲвѹЦֻÿ̫ܺ߳ùˣǿޱȣͬǿƶҪնɱ죬ȴ룬ȻֱӸѹˡ
ջ£Ͱ
ҡ

ôʥصʥѹˣίʵһ¡
ɣ
һı飬ƿлȨҪǱߣǾͲˡ
Ҳˣǳߡ

ǰ£ǣʥ׼Ҳ޹ڣｫʥصʥѹһܻ꣬ʥ׼ҵˣһŪþͻᷢ¡
ܣ˵ѹһ꣬ѹһ꣬˶ã

üͷһһģ뱬
ıɺ«ƯĴ۾ԼĸӣҲ
ɫʱˣֱѪ
̲סЦ漴̸ɿȣͷʥصʥӶѹ˾ѹˣʲô˲𣬾Ҳûʲôˡ˵ôҲ壬óһúѧѧ
˵ʲô
˵ͷ
˵
ͷ
˽ǶŶԷ󲽿һҪܵӡ
æм䣬ͣ£˭Ҫȶ֣ѹ˭
죬
һֱӳȥ죬;ûסð
ֹһ׷ȥ죺Ҳ
ңΪʲô
첻⡣
㵽ǴУԪɿݣϵô죬ȸңұ㡣

ижȴҡͷģһˣû⡣
ٷϻֱѹߣ
ݺݵĵ
캹գѾͷڲ롰ѹ֡
գ޿κΣֻøڰߣһȥ
ɣİˡ
ôˣ
ںڵġ
·ôֲڵģҰģܵ㡣
ܲ
üɨԼһۣ󲽳ǰȥ
죺һҸ㲻𣡡
綼˺ңҺ
췭ۡ
ﲻ˵ˣĬĬǰߡ
ǰںԶ½ǣԴСԲ𰡣ΪҵĹϵЩ㣬㱻׷ɱ˵⻰Щѹһʱ䣬ҲԵЩ
פ㣬İԴô˵ȻʱȷƤЩĵغҲܺãһֱܸл㣬ⲻĴ
㲻ң
룬ô㣬ƬΨһѣǺҪˡ
Ц
ʱſڵǣӦһ£òã
˵ֻҪ㲻Ҫϵǣ£ģӦ㡣

СܲܣҼΪˣɱҼҵˡ
յͷãֻҪҵЩ˲ңҾܹ֡ܵĴһ浣Լһ֮ͬˣĻܡ֮ǰܹ԰˵Щʱưﻤ԰׼ˣʱҲ뵽˰飬Ӧǰʹ
µͷĶҲˣȻڣܾ
ģչһЦܻϲĸ첲̫ˣ
췭ۣȱŸˣЩңҿɲ顣
һתģһģ
һЦһǰȥ
һ·ԼվһͲһʱʱɨ졣
ԴˣֱˣԷ
Ǻ«оϣôȺܲͬ
ʵ
ʹùЩֻܹһ̶ʿսɰչ«ȴǲͬȻܹˣѹУЩ졣Ҫ֪ɺ«ֻ߶ѣȴѹȥˣίʵЩң«ɢҲǿƺ
ʿһ;ɵ͵ߣֱʥԪ챦УҲڷķ룬ڷμѡͲһˣͨɾ൱Ǳڵķˮ룬ⶼӡͨǿ߸ĵۣƱ֮ͱȲ֪ǿ˶٣ɽѹУ˵ѹһ㣬Ҿϱŵ㣬밡˳˭ֱѹȥ
˵ѹˡ֣ʱЩüɫ˵
Ҫǲˬѹ˺󣬿ԽéȥȻŪСֶΣñ͸ʹѹе˿ԿķˮζȥʹܶܲˣǲǺܽлУԡ
캹գϰĻ֪ˣѹһ㣬Ժҡ
Щˣڰ׼ʲôƽ춼ѹˡ
ŶðɣпպĵãоܾõġƺЩźŵ֮ϵıȼԽߣȻȻԽǿҶ˵ﵽʥ̶ȣϿԻһУ˻Ԫ챦Σڱ꣬ɱУһĻ羳ǿߣ
ꣿ
΢ɣʲô
أǱľǻ۵壬Ǳĺ꣬Լ򵥳֮ΪꡣıԼʶܹԦܹԶȻ֮ǰҲ˵ˣֻлԪ챦ıܹ꣬ǵ챦ֻͨл羳ǿܹƵó
ԣʱһ
꣬ԦԶ

䣬ɫ΢䣬뵽ʶײǱ񽣡
ǱƺԼڿԼٻԷңڷǵһƬΣʱԶԻܣɱһͷǿߵİޣʱ徳ɡ
ǡԪ챦
Щľ
ֹʲô
ʵ
ûС
һЦæҡͷ
ʶײ񽣣ϵϾƹûи֪֪й¶ȥ
ң֣ˣȴҲûжʣһεĵҪܵõһڻԪ챦ͺˣԺ˭ңҶ˵һ仰ֱѹˣéȥһ꣡


391 
Щжϲѹ˰ѹһ꣬ؼ䣬һ˭ܹһ£ܻôõˣΪҲô۷ɡ
Ժ˭Ȣ㣬ҪǲˣҪѹˡ
ۡ
ôᣡҺģĵ¶ᣬԲðң
ɫ
챣ֳĬ˵йˡ
ʲô˼
ﲻ
ûУ룬Ժ˭ҪȢ㣬һǰ˱ĸ
ڷң
ۡ
죺
ʲôʱôˣⶼܸо
ҡҡͷͰһ𣬳⽣ȥ
һߣһתļָԪ֣ƬڵίʵЩͣԪĻָٶȱȽ

ͻȻǰвҽžֺͻҡ
ͣ½Ųǰ
ôˣ
ǰʵ
Ҳǰ΢΢۾
˻Ѫ˳ִУ֣ˣ
˵ײײһ·档
죬ˣ
һƬǰв˽ȥдԣıȻЩȴ䣬ܹ顣

ǣ˱ꣿ
΢
ǣô׵˵ֻлԪ챦п꣬Щ֮ܶƺܵʲôӰ졣
ΪϹҵĹ֪·ǳ࣬ǴӼĹżпġ
ǹǣ
档
Ͳ֪ˣû˼˵йأƬڵıء

˵űأ˫
ԣ׼ҳãѹˣѰ
˳ǰȥƬڵһȣһʱ俪һΣһΪڤħİƬصıݸˡ

ûãǰвҽд
ȥԶһƬȵأ谵ĿռУȾѪһͷĹͨ帲ۼףۼǳɫȫǽɡ
죬ôоǽɵġ
һɨȣӣ۾ȫǽ
εܲ򵥡

ȵڵʿʵʶ죬׷ȴЩӦԣǿ似ãձ̴
֨
֨
֨
ƲԻۼĦĸ¸죬ƫͷסߡ
Ƕס㣬ֱӳ˹ȥ
б죬Ա߿һһ뿴챻׵ӡ
ﲻɨԼĸһۣǰ粽ɹ˸


̽һƽ䣬һŲȥ
ϧȴȡ
һԪɿˣȻôñǰˡ
ֹ
һ㡣
Ц
ԪȻֻôһ˿ȴǺǿвӣɨʱ䣬ʶڵǲ˶
ʹ΢Щ
ķȱúܾңϷ
ɨӣھȻһ΢߲ʹâǾȣ߲ʹâȻʶڵɢĹâһģһͬʣͬԴ
΢̧֣Խѹϡ
ʱĸ˻
棬ûб꣬ûѪ⣬ǽȻܹж
һߡ
ӹżϿЩļأĿú󣬻Ǻܾȡ
һߣбɨߣҲһĨɫ
΢΢üȴǺȫһڲһ߲ʹ⡣֮ϣһʱ䣬ڵ߲ʹСϪһ㳯еĽƶܿûС
ʧȥ˶
͵һĽۼȫ䣬һߴ糤ĵ⼣߰ߡ
͹żϼصһǱɵ档죬Щ棺˵ղʲôôͻȻʧȥӦ
ûʲôھѡ

վ
ʱѾвʿ嵽Ͱ˺
ޱ飬ûж˵ʲôԹǰߡ
ɫƽڼҲ
ʰ
ι˵㡣ﲻˣֵҸԺҪ̳м֮λģƽȻܳȣö֮ЦԸҲġ
һ㶼ɣʲôõġ
ҡͷ
Ҹ壬û˱ʼ֮λʵҲ뵱

ͷɨǰİ
ͬУǰ󣬲úвҽǰתһתǣʱɫһ䡣
ȥǰȫƻƱǣԣ͸֮ǰһԽɣڣд
˶ݣһȥǰҲֱǻԵĺ
ˣ

ҵıôᡭ
˱ɫ
ԭԱڶԵУһսǽģһδײԼıȻƵɱˣͷ­ն¡
һĻȻǰҲɵü
֮ǧҪó
԰
գգۣڹ𣿡
ҲŪĻȻҺȫɵ
ĥֱ˹ȥҧ㣡

Լ˵ϣֱӺˣʲôӣ
ԣͷܹá

۶죬ֱԼô˹
ˣ
ǰǧײ溧ˡ
ʿǰ壬˶¶֮ɫ˱ɱеıײ˼κ󣬶̶ɱˡ
ȥˣ
˽еȥ
ģ˿ʼܣʵǰ̫ˣԿ⡣
ȻҲвǿߣֿȭһͷͷһ·
Ҫȥ𣿡
ʵ
üΣӦûиµ
ϾǽǽнжѡͷҴӼĹżϿƺгԽͨɾʵǻۣﵽ˿еĵز޵ʷϣڶвͨ۷ǿС
֪ôΣգǻ
Щ졣
﷭ۣ˶֪Σգ˶֪汦ܶ൫ԼܵõĻ΢΢Щȴˣ˵ͨԣǺ¡˵ţҺ͸ʶһ½ӣͬʱĥһԼʵõĻŪЩȥҲǿԵġȻҪӦԵΣգǻһʱߣԲǰ塣
ͷŶ
ȴоâ˸Ҫȥ


392 
ͰܽĻǸоеļЩ档
żȷʵأǣȫһ̫Σգߣ

ݸ˵Ļܾú֣֮ǰҩʦ꣬һȺΧǰʳǻһǰôأ˵Ļ治Ը񰡡
ɫһ壬ô۾졣
ǰҽһȺ֮£˴ѡ
Ǹұǡ

˵žǰȥͰԪܳ㣬۷״̬һʿǿ̫ˣϾ̫壬廹Ҫǿᡣ
캹գǰߡ

ˣ
ҽһǰ࣬ӣڳ棬ȥ
ǰԪӿһķɡ
Щ壬ޣΣսڰüʶ𶯣Ȼ̫ǿʢȴǳɨӶȥ΢Щڣȫ֯һ΢߲ɫâ
ȹâʶڵڵ߲ʹ⣬ͬͬԴ
֣ͷ飬¶䱾塣
ܣȻЩֹ治֪ƬʲôȻЩͨӡ
ͻȻй
ȺͻȻͷӴߣɢϢǳǿᡣ
ͨǿߣ
ߣ
˾׷ӱܡ
ͻȻͷӴ˶о˾޴в
ͷһͷƻһͷԳһͷͬһͷţꡣͷǿֻһʱһ쫷磬ϯܡ
̤ţӴӺգʶ۷ǿߡ
ۣ
ԳХһճǿ˺顣
ߣ߰
˾ִС
ͷίʵ£סطˡ
ɨǱߣ΢΢һ԰ܿǣΣա
ұߣԶ롣
Ҳڡ
Ƿƽգ˻⣬˿̣ǶԪɿݣսˣͷԵЩˣסԷûʲôϣ
Ʋ죺ʲôһжأңֱǣ
ðߣ̲סһ£˵㲻ҪųһˣǿɾˣԪҲһܹȫˡ
죬ȴҲûзܿͷӴһ߶ȥ
ò˵ﱾսǺǿģ̫ѾɣͬˣÿһζƶǿͰˡ
飡
飡
飡
Ԫ˸һɨɣԭΡ
úǰһԣĿ
ǰŷ壬΢Щȡ
һڶϽͨʺɫϿһӡһ
ӦһƷϧڲ۱˲٣پ

ҡҡͷﻹǽ֮ܺڵΪ۶˶ȴҲһƷҪǿܶ౶پͼӲ̶ȶԣһı֮ϡ
ǰߣ˵أ
ﶢǰ
ҡͷӦûУҪУͱˡ
˼벻Ҫõĵط롣

ö˵ʲô
ǰߣԼӺͰԪҲָɡ
飡
̧֣һƽһĵķѣڵϺһ
رȽռܻ谵ԵЩѹ֣һ·ǰ壬ģԽԽǰɱʹЩƣӦԣ衣
ôã󲿷ڳǳ
ü
ǡ
ͷ
оâ֯˵ӦúͰϵйأϻһ˿ϢܵӦˣмеط
䣡
䣡
䣡
ͻȻɿ񱩵ϢӿϮ
ͬʱɫǻԳţȫ˹
ͷѻȷġ

ü뱬ȴҲ֪ڲʱ
䣡
Գ嵽ǰһŲ£ռ䶼һǡ
ӭǰʱĿѪŵŵŵĺʮԶ
ӣһߣҧ
磡
ɫ
ŲһΣǚi߶ޣڰߣһȭ
ɣǾȭͷ飬һʹҪѿ
ͨɳǿߣߣ

ֻһȭײǸо˻Ŀֲ
ͷ˿ٳ룬һȥ
ͷ붯һӿˡ
ѽܣ
ﾪС
ӿ̫ˣһƬͷͨɾǿߵڱȻһڶ˿ҲǸо˾޴ѹοЩҽͷųһ֮ͬǰЩʿıа㣬ŪĻΣǿɾ͸Σˣαø⡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ܿϯһͷͷͬƺӷİ㲻ʰ
ɢĹ⣬̫Դԣһֻһֻ飬ԭΡ
ˣ
ֻԪȴҲǺɨʮ
ֱӣһ˫ȭһУһͷͷҵķѡ
վֻǱˮнΪʵ̫ˡûȥãһ·ܣǱƵһǣһɽסȥ·
˭ָ·˵ұߣˣ

׸ָġ
бԱߡ

˵һ𶯣ͷȸԴԶˣǵͲ֪ô£øӴˣɶߣɢϢΣա
ʱ䣬ܼɱǰ
׼ͨɨʮ
ƾˡ
ʩչǧ
飡
飡
飡
һ飬ԭΡ
ǣʱƣӿ˽鷳ԪĵԽԽࡣͰոջָԪֿҪľˡ
ˣôѽ
ｹ
ȥǵԪᱻĹ⡣
һͷͷɨɣٶԭΡ
ֻǣȱٵѹǰӵĶࡣ
콥Щһץסǰнһֱӽڲ߲ϼɣǵķ顣԰Ͱֳ𣬽ɢ˿˿Ƶϼ⣬ΧڵĿռ䣺ҹ
ͷӴԭҪͻȻǺݺһеĽƣǴӱһɿ־УûжǻۣȴɪɪһЩͨһζһʱ䶼Ƕᣬ¶һ·
ߣ
ͳǚiͻΧһʮɡ


393 ʥسѹ
ٶȼ죬գ۾ʮɣڳΧ
ʲô
죬ЩԭȻһ˲ȫˡ
ûʲô

Ҳ˳ץԼõ֣ſ
췭ۣͷʲô̬ȣղҿǰ㵲һι
£
ɫܺڡ
Ʋ죬ö˵ʲô
͵ЦɨԼĸ졣
գɿ֣ƹһȺǰȥ
ˣѾиʿϵв۷弶ǿߡ
˵ǰ壬ܹѰ˵ܵõٱ

ôҲ壬ǰ𾴵㰡ôǹ˱
ԡ
ۣһյı顣
ɫֺˣŰ̫¶ˣ
Ǹǣԭġ
ΨΨŵŵ
ֱ̫ǰ׼һŵܣû뵽Լý¶졣
ӣæ㵽
ʱ䣬ɫ˼֡
ģҲ⴫˵ˣһᱻ֪
һɨһ۰ȳǰȥ
ʲôңңɣ嶼Ʒ
ҧ
캹գʲôʲôް
֮ǰ˵˱һЩϲ£ʲô㻹û˵
ʵ
ûʲôҡͷ죬Сһ죬ҲԸӼİţ᲻ң
Ȼ
Ц
չһЦǾˡ
ǰͷɨԼһۣƫͷȥֻǽ˽ȭͷ
䣡
ͻȻǰ˵Ԫ
˴ǰúһȺ۷ǿΧһӦԸǿӥɸߣ֮ǰͷӴҪ¼֡
˲ҽУͷӴ»Ѫ
ﬣﬣﬣ
̶ʿıȺҶ¡
ƿߣ

ʵ˵УЩڶʶڵͬͬԴ߲ϼ⣬ԾԵѹЩжǿΪ߲ϼǵԴͨɵЩâ
ֻǣ̫ڱ¶ƵĴڣǱ¶ʶе񽣡
СԼϢ

ƿϵܿ죬ǳԽˡ
ʱǿĲͻأ֣Զ
ǼߣϢǿ
̫ʥأͨʥأɽдˡ
ֹ
ͨɾ硣

ؿ֮أȻǿ߸ϵҪһ
СһЩǿߣҪǷ㣬ˡɱʥصͨɳϣ׷ɱɽĻ壬ԲŹһﻹǺģ쵣
޷һߣǲס

Ʋ죺㵹š
ȻЦѹʥصʥӣӦҲҪСĵɣʥӦö֪ʥӱѹ£˵鷳
Ҳ£ǲҰô

ԣðɣ⵹ȷʵʵ
䣡
ǰâѹʮ
̫ʥأͨʥأɽһͨɾǿߣһ·У·һ⣬˴ԭΡ˲գ໥ͷʾ⣬ܿǻ˽ʧ켸˵Ұڡ
ߡ

Ǹ˺ԶҲԶЩһ·ǱС
ƬռԵЩǺܻ谵ʱʱǿʢǰ˷ԽһɽúǰǳһƬľ֣ܼ
ö࣡
ۡ
ҲȣǰҲһƬˡ
һϣһɨƬ̫ʥصϵնУ֮һ顣ͬһʱ䣬ͨʥغɽĳҲǿ˸һͨ·첽Ÿȥ
Ҫʹǲ

ǰȥʱһźӰ֮ǰͷӥ״
ͷǿᣬо˰ϵϢֱ˹
䣡
ӥ£һ쫷磬Ƭɳ
˲ò֣չֶΣ񷡣
գ𣬵Իӥϡ
һâ콦䣬ϯʮ
ЩͷԺˡ
֮ǰĻҪǿ󡣡
ҧ
ߣҪӲ

˽вֻһͷѣҪѲѡ
Ȼʱǰ̫ʥصȼĳиУ˹
㣡
ʱ䣬ͨǿߵȫס졣
أֻһѣͿ絽ǰ¡
죬ǿߵԺ̫ʥغͨʥصĳϣеɱû˿Σͬһˡͬһʱ䣬̫ʥغͨʥصĳ϶ס˰߳кͿܱѹ£Ȼ֪
׼ŮޣǷЩˣ˷ų
̫ʥصĳϳ
ǻһˣ̫ʥصĳϹһƾĹȥˣһϹҵĳǻǵù˼һЩ
붼룡
ҡͷ
̫ʥغͨʥصĳϽɫһһɵѹѹ
ʱɫһԼǰк˸
ߣ
һ
ԱߣɽĳϿ粽ʱѹȥ
ڰ׼ãɽȻ⣬ΪɽûʲôԹʱȻֱӳѹȥҪնͷ­֮ǰ׷ɱ壬ú³ɱɽǽ˴
̫ϣͨϣն
˵
ͨɾ֮Ϊһͨɳڵǳֲ
üͷһ
ƽգһͨǿߣԶߣڣԪɣҪ߶úܼѣûʲôϣ
䣡
ʱӥӺ󷽳˹һֺ˶䷢顣
ƫͷлһĨâǚiˣӥ
ˣ
ֵָԣոӥڵһ߲ϼ⡣
ʱ䣬ӥҡΣһ󣬺ݺݵĳɽĳײ˹ȥ
ɽüͨչӭӥ
̫ϣͨϣ¡
˵
̫Ϻͨ϶˶٣ɨ۰󣬳ѹȥ߳кͿܱϾֻǱѹ˶ѣΣգʱ򣬾ԲˣҪѰͺˡǼɱ죬ҲƿصһЩȤ
վű𶯣￪ڣǵʥӻҵٸҶһ£ҾȡƬʱǵʥӵһʱͻ


394 սħ
̫ʥغͨʥصĳ϶ʱͬʱҲֹס˽Ų˻꣬Ƭص±˸Ȼױ߳кͿܱڣһ˾Ի֮ء
׼ŮޣҲ׼֮У˻û˿
̫ϵ
ٷϻҵˣ֮⣬˭Ҳ

ܺڣǸоһա
ͨɱʥͨɳϣʥһȺӣ㻤ʥΪУ
ߵǵԼû˻ã
ЦҲܸжﱾͣ޵ļǿȴΪ
̫ʥغͨʥصĳɫӺܺ
˷ų
˶Ű
ߣʱ׼«ң򣬱ơ
̫ϺͨҲǣҲǣɫúܳ
䣡
һɽӥײһ𣬾ܴϷǶʱȴ԰ӥ޷ڳԸ졣
׼ʥӣɷ̺ܽãδ̫Ұˡ
̫
һҵûֲжԶԶ
Ѿܲˣ˿̣̫ϸáҰݰɫһǴʱԪɣһĹȥˡ
̫ɫһ׼ʥӣԳ˵

ֻһ֡
Ϊ壬ȫʢʱڸ޾ͨʿ˿ȻԪ㣬ɴڣһɫ磬Ų񷶼
ͷŶ
Ц
Ԫ㣬Ҳǰȥվڰǰ
̫ϺͨɫɭȻĶͰܷӿ
ҿɾˣҪҶ򣬿ǵʥӣ
ݺݵĵ
ʹ̫ϺͨϵɫѿͨɾǿߣȻһվСвˡ
ʱ򣬸ʿط״󣬶һ졣
̫ʥغͨʥصĳϣǣƺͰ׼öš
׼ҳѹʥӵʥӣ˵Ҫӡһ꣬ʥصĳȻ뽫˸Ҫȥ͸˵ˣ˼ıɱ
ǣôоǱѹˣ
⡭
֡
˾úܹ졣
ʱԶиǿĲɣǺƵżΪǿ
ɫ΢䣬Щżɽͨǿˣҿÿܺ߳вʥصˣǶɽȴû˿Լô죿
ǿڿϣɽǸӥһսʱЦ
ùңͰͷ뿪ȥ

Уһ̫Σˣһ̫ʥغͨʥص˲뿪̫Զ˶㶯֡ﲻͬ⣺һȥ˿˿ƵĹڳ̫ʥغͨʥصĳϣǲҪ׷̽ȡط

ʥصĳɫѿ
ϧûٶ˵ʲôһֱӳȥ
̾ϢѾͷʵ̫ˡһ룬֮ǰɱİ׼ˣ׼öûֱ̫ӵѪԵϵǰ׼ϵǲȻ治԰
ɨһ죬ȥ
̫ʥغͨʥصǰһʱȴ治Ҷ±Ƽ˰ʹðｫʱʥصʥӿĻҪ֪˶Ǹʥĳţ壬ȴ壬ʧǲҶġ
ʮܿȥ˹
ܽ˶Ӱͬһ㣬ǿС
죬ȥ
ӥһս
ϵһ֣ӥ飬һ׷ȥ
̫ʥغͨʥصĳɫѿ˶ٺҲһ׷
ȥ죡
˵ͨǿǰɨΣᰲȫܶࡣ

һ·ȥûиͣ£֪߹ǧɡ
䣡
ǿԻ׷
ͨǿߵٶȺܿ죬һɣһͷͷ·ܿ쿿ǰ
ҪǻҲھͺˣѹвɽ
ֹ
ͷðߣȳѧ˵ƬдҲһ𣡡
ͷ˭˵أ
첻ˡ
ûһøС
ʲôʱˣ

˶һĶȻͰΪ֮ǰĴսԪɴ˿ٶȲתǰԶȻٶȺͼͨǿȣվҪһЩܿͱ׷
׼뿪Ǵ֮ᷢ£ɱҵȡ
һ
䣬ֱӶ֣ץȥ
쵰
ĥ̫Դ߶׼ͨǧӰ֣졣
ܿܲ˳ۣɼԼö֣޶ڣʱҲһչɽӭȥ
ˣ
컮˫֣ʩչݻȪŭ¡
ǿߵһ𣬲νǿɽƷ˳ȥȻ˱ҲܵЩ𵴣Ѫһڣŵŵŵĺˡ
ߣ

˲Ӻܿ죬ɽˣٴγ
ɽƷɫһǰٶȱø졣
ʮֱ׷ˡ
ͬʱ̫ʥغͨʥصĳҲһ׷
һ֣
һ
ɽͷԶ֣ʩչͨץ졣
ˣ
֮ǰһսԪ㣬ͨǿߣ⡭ܵס
Ҫˣ
ʿһĻҡͷ
ʱһмΪֲħӸ˴ռ䡣
һʱ䣬˽Աɫ
ɽͣ½ŲѹգЩ𾪵
𣡡
һͷԶ˿˿ƿɲڹ⣬֮Ťеһȫʧˣʧһɶ
̫ϱɫڤħ
ǻ齣ıݵͷ
⡭
Ȼһֱʲô
ļ¡
ڤħԶŴ˵еĴڣֲ㣬˲塣
˸âдðͰСġǰҩ𿪱ٵСԹͷû˱Ŀ£ڶûκǶ֣еĴҲ
䣡
ͻȻһֲϢһԻݺײһ
ͨգʯһ㣬аɶ೤Ϣֲܿ
Ȼڤħ⣿
ľ


395 °
ʶڤħĿֲǻ֮Դ˿ɵȻһͷǺڤħսһ𣬿ڤħίʵЩȡ
⽣гԽͨǿߵԭģ

䣡
ԺͺһߵͶޱȾ޴ÿһ򵥵Ķʹÿռһʿľ
ÿѽ
ӡ
һսѾˣܲһ˸оľ
һ̣ȻǳҲǲɵöݡ
ɽԭҪѹ죬˿ȫͣĶս̫ʥغͨʥصҲˣֲĴսһǴŵԷܻѡңȥһ⣬ȼĴսҲǺѼۿضĺô
ͨʿɫ԰ס
𣡡
һ𣬼д޾ĻϢضҡ
ڴ޾£úô

˽һȻ
޳ɾˣ
ۡ
Ҳǲ죬û뵽ǿȻܹԡ
ĴսЩɲͷȻֻڽ棬ǵȲȴԶԶĴ˹źԶһļ£һв·һվ󣬽ոԼ˵Ĳϡ
Уվ
˾ֵ
ʱ䣬˶ԶȥʵԵֵסսϢ
ͨɾļǿҲ⣬ˡ
Щˣɽʥص˱־롣

һ߶һעɽʥصˣԶȥ
ںڵħâƵ֮ϣҲδаϢȴޱȵİԵ˺顣ȻһȻܹ¾ۼ壬ӭźϣһڽһ֧ҧ鿪
𣡡
ѪˮȾգһ޴Ŀռ
һĻĺ
˵ǿߵÿһѪڶ̺л֮Ȼ٣̫ˣ
ļ¡
ĳգۼһ󶶶һɹɻ֮
ԳХչĶź
ٴγײԷ
ǵսƬزסĻζرһܼѺۣңͬһʱ䣬һЩͨǵķ飬˲ͱٵһƬ
ڤħѪ죬һڹء
ߣ
ߣͬʱſڴ𳤿ա
ȥȫԵĹâڸˣںڵħâѪɫı⽻֯һ𣬴һ޴ѷ죬лԵʱ
飡
飡
ûȥãԺͺͬʱɣײһɽ
ڶԲʲôתۼֳײһ
һʱ䣬ѪƮϣҲȺ󱻲Σһ˸ļ¡
ǣʲô
ƺ
ԣòǴ˵еʥɵİɣȻôֲ
ʿ
ʱԪѾָĳɣ΢΢ۣʶɢɨԣʱ䷢֣ھȻһĴָǴС߲ɫԴޱȵĴЩľ֮ǰЩֻһ˿ѣԣȻô߲ʹâ
ѹôǿ
а
ͬһʱ䣬һ˿âĶ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ϣƵһʿһˣҲǲ⡣
һδ𶯣Ժͺײͬʱɡ
Գȥһ̣ͻȻͣƫͷס죬ͫһ죬һ̣ȻԱߵİϡʱ䣬͵һƺζʳ㣬Ȼ䳯
䣡
쫷񱩣ֱƷһС
ͰԱɫȫ˺Ŀ꣬ԷȻס˰
ˣ
ûŵֿΪֵˣһһңץŰԶӡ
Ȼ̫ǿˣ˫һֱǰ
飡
飡
ͰֻǱһ쫷ЩѣѪɣֱӲ
磬죡
ﾪ
һ̣һڹ֣˹ȥ
𣡡
д˷ܺͼתȥ
Ѫñߣʱ󼱣վȴ׷ȥ
һߣ״һ⣬ֻоλԴһѣΡ
ʱѪֻһˡ
վӣԶקȭͷ
ЦԶɽ̫ϣͨϣ˼źԴսʱѹ˹գۼһɶ⡣
ҹ
캮
ﱻߣ˿̺ܽҲޱȿпֲɱɢ
ӭǿɽһŲԲɵһ͡죬һռʿ˴£ɢôֲɱȻܹݵӰ쵽ǿߵľ
ӿѪסԶϵԡ
ǿ֮ʹʩչǚiһͷڶԷͷ­ϡ
һĻɽ̫ϣͨϣԼʿһĿɿڴ·һ㡣
Ǽһ𣡾Ȼǵȴڵͷ­ȥ
˾
ȻǴŭ
࣡
һС࣬ȻҲȵͷֱ̫ͷ϶
Щ壬ݺһȭͷ­ϡ
׷ͷ°ߵŮһͷٵĸ
ҧ
һʿǵۡ
𣿣񾭴˲ɣ
˲⡣
ȾѪжѣнҲв졣
ŭϣ
һֲĹڳ𣬺ţĿռһŤ
ˣ
Ƿӣʲô
ˣ
˴УֵĳԶӣͷԿǿǿߵĴڣҪǱЩɨУԻʣ
˿̺ܷܽеĽ˸⣬ֱѹͷ­ϡ
׷̷㣡
̵
ŭȻһ̾͵һ𾪺Ϳ־塣
㡭
һ̣ԵЩֻоͷͻȻñȴ˵еЩۻʻҪֲƺּ̧μ䡣
̧֣Ǻݺһȭ£׷𣡡
Լ䣬µһЩڤħȻаҲ˶٣аһƫ̫壬ԴʥԵõǿĲҩʹΪڤħһǸоһ㣬Բ°߰Ҫ̫Դ
оңϢ䣬Զʱһ侲㣬ȥ
䣬չΣһĳȥתۼʧټ
Զһʿɫ
⡭
ղţԡ
ΰɣǿǿߵȻȻ
˽Զݡ
һ̣ȻԶͨǿҲɫ죬ܿͷԣ


396 Σ
ڶͰôһѣȻʱƤԣĵغǺܺãζǿƶΪڽգΪ˻ѹ̫ʥغͨʥصʥӣԴвʥأɽһͨǿɱҲ벻Ը뿪ߣжܶΡ
񣬰ﱻڤħ°ߣܲ˶òˡ
ҷɿ㣡

ڤħĿֲ֪ģһ˿⡣
㣡
һȭͷ­ϡ
ԺǿǴ˿ȴЩ־壬һХٶͻأٴӣ
ţûйȥãǰֺټ
оâ˸һ۾Ϳ˺צİ
ȥ
ͺȵ
ԺХವһǰ
ܵڹʴѪ˲٣ʱҲǿ졣
֡
ЩȣȻͷ׷˹ôһ£
԰ͷģһ˵꣬ͷŽµԣ֪ʵǿǿֶΣĽŮ
ܸʲôΪʲôԡ
ʵͷ࣬η壬Ҳܺ档ףԷС棬ȴƺ֪ôһ¡
˵ϻҲΪ㣡ֱӻ
캮
һҴ⣬Ӵײٶȱø죬ʩչǿֶΣһۼ׹⣬̼ںԱߣ۵һϺŰֻצӣһƬɫۼ׽żķ
Щ΢壬ͷʱȴ˲ֲúˡ
𣡡
ǰŭ
ϵֻצ˲ؾֱۣӵͷűۼװİȥ


һв£òȫٴײ
ͬʱŰۼƿռ䣬ֱӳԱߡ
ס˹
ôᡭϲ־ղҲǼʶԵĿֲڣȴȻˣ𾪡ܿ죬ǷѪʱֵ˵ĺأҪҪ
û£õġ
Ц
ˣ
ʱһζײһ˲ֱȥ
ԵúܷŭͫѪ죬
˵һںڵħʮռ䣬һжʴˣ졣һ˲ѣסˣʵ徹Ȼڿʼͬ˾ҽ
䣡
ԹХ˸âڤħħɢ
߳ײһѹĿռһ顣
Ͱվͷֻоһļ£һݣ˹ڵһʱͻᱻײʱɢĻϢ˺
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
𳤿գԽ棬˵졣
ߵ嶼ޱǿᣬȴ˵еʥڤħ֮ǿΪֵﱻߣڤħԵñ񣬲ϴħ𣬽ˣ˶ԷСӡ

ͻȻһ죬ĹĻ顣
ɫĻһ鿪Ͱͱ߼ײĴ˳ȥ
𣬵תѪֱͫĶŰ

ȵ
Դ˲ݺײ
һײһһʱ䣬⣬ͬаܡ
ŰǚiұܣڲԶһСʯɽϡ
䣡
һ𣬿ռѷ측֣һ·
ɫ΢䣬ٴγԶȥ
մѷίʵЩΣգһУϾ·һ
䣡
ǰϣײһѪĽҲα˺顣
󣬺͵ײԣֱŰȥ
ԹХȻʱͻأһ߲ʹâʱͣ塣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳͣһ
Կһ죬һĨĹ⣬תͷȥ

ʱɫ
һߣͰﳹױ¶ںƤӵ£ﻹܵס
һ̣һһҲǳȥȻȰͷڤħĶ
ˣ
ӣǺԣǿֲ˷ָѹǴľˡ
춢˸âʱʶеٴβ߲ʹâƣңңָ߲ʹâڵһѰһģһͬϢͬɫʣ
ôˣ
ʵ
ҡͷ԰ûʲôɣҸطҪȥһˡڤħѾ뿪ȥʱõİİΣƬڣһΪѰϾϹŰ׼ҵĳ˶׼һŭƻѵڶƷΪϸ˵ϹŴİ׼ң̫ʥغͨʥػҪһЩ֮ȥȻΪǹ߲ʹâܸоǶԷǳҪ
ȥУͷԶȥȥ̫Σˣ

ҡͷõģҿԿͷԣΣա
룬֮ǰȷʵܹͷԣңоĺȥ˵ðɣһȥһģ
ȥΣա
üȷʵвԣȻˣȥٵľɻǳ⡣ûڤħвطܰȫһȥǾ͵ִվߴһܻ
ҲΣգңȥ˲ҲһΣ˵ˣȥ˵ܰﵽ㣬٣ڻʣԪǿˡ
㲻ȥ磿
˵
ȥðա
ûϵڶû˸ҶҸ粻Ҹбǿ֣߳ûɱ

ղţѾ֪ȻˣȴúõĻš
㡭
Ҫȥһȥһˣͱȥˣ
ܼ
ǸжΣǣǲðȥ
ȥܻǣʶе񽣣뱩¶񽣵Ĵڡ
Ҫȥڤħȥܻ鷳
˵
⡭
ʱ
˵Сһ㣬·ȥϺ뿪Ƭء
ִҲȥС
һ
ϣӰѹ˹
ͬһʱ䣬һ£ֱȥ
ǿæǚiԶܿһ
ɽ̫ϣͨϣͨɾǿһ·β˹һֱԶԶĿšźʧ뿪ȥֱӱ˹
ͷһ״ܲãһͨǿ߶סοˡ
Ǳ
ܾ衣
ֻǣվҲֻв̫ϺͨϣǲҶ춯֣ɽͨǿߣȴ޿κΣԷö˼ʲô


397 ̫
̫ϺͨϵɫЩ䣬Ű׼Ůޣٽ˷ų̫ʥغͨʥصϣҪǿս𣡡
Ǳ𶯣򣬿ǵʥӡ
һҲ˼ɣֱв
̫Ϻͨɫʱøѿ
κΣǻͲҺͰƢҶ
һɽ粽ѹȥ׼ҵŮӣԼǳˣԹˡ
䣡
һ˶֣죬Ʋ㶼Ⱦһɫ
Űûеֱֵӳߡ
ͨɾ磬Ͱﴦ۷״̬Ҳ˵Ķ֣οԪ㣬ûеֵĿܡ
ӣ
ڶ֣һ¡
ֻһɫӡڿУƺƵĳѹ
ҧ˫ֻ˲
̫硣
ˣ
Źԣǰӭȥ
߼໥ײһ죬һʱ䣬â䣬ܳ
ˣѪٴ𵴡
ߣ
Űٴγȥ
ԶȥңٻһϾܹвԣƿǱľ档ңҲȥǹ߲ɫâҪȡС
һɽѹ붯졣
ɽʥӻûأֻ׷ɱһζѣЩϼһҪҪˣˣһǾԼҵʥӴ򲻹ԲϰǶˣأķ廹ࡣ
캹գ˵ǷѵǺԼһʱ䣬ĿȾ
ɽʱɫһнһĨ⡣
׼ŮޣĪҪơ
·һֻ϶ѡ
˵
Ҫ

ɫ䣬ٶԣͬʱѹǰ
˽ԴͨɲΣһ֣ʱһֲ쫷磬ǵȲϯ죬·ǻԴȪ㣬ļµңɱ۲ֻѹ죬Уķ
ǻǹ죬Ͳ°׼һŭ幥ɱƽɽ𣡡
⡣
ҵȲδ԰׼Ů޶֣Լжѡ
һ
һƵ˷һѹ£
ҵã
Ц
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
һһڱӭǰ
ϲĿر˼
һ
ɽһźַһ̷һǺһһͷڷʱ粽øǿһѹ



һ죬ˣȫ顣
ϾͨɾǿߣҪȳ̶ȵǿ߿⣬ʵǲ˺ܶࡣ
ﶯ֣ǧӰӡһҲб˻ӭǰȥ
䣡
ҵĶǧӰһ顣
ܵ𵴣ɫøӲ԰ס
ɶͷħ̫ǿˣֻ˵ѣԪת˳
ĥ
ɽѹַڣĮ׼Ůޣ뿪˵⻰ַȴɣֱӾһɵĴӡͰһ֣ûи뿪ʱ䣬ȻҪһɱ
϶
ɫ䣬һѪɫѷ죬ǰӭȥ
ѪɫѷֲܿȻ״̬ôܵסͨɾǿߣֻһײѣѪɫѷʱ飬Լٴκˣо඼ˡ
ﶯ֣ɸãҲǱˡ
ǚiȥͬʱ԰뿪Ҫˣ
ڸԱߣɽ˿Ժ޹˼ɵĹɱɱ˰ҲԳǰԼߣ˶һ뿪ԱߣɽǶȻٶ԰ﶯ֣Ҳҡ
У
ﲻԸ⡣
ߣԱߣΣգɽ˲飡

ǚiһԶ
Ҫ뿪ˣ̫ʥغͨʥصҲһһôܿסﲻԸ⣬ĥݺݵɨһɽ󣬶촫ͷħʴԪת˳սֻܷӳɣս壬Ұ̫Դһڡ
ñԴΣգ

ûϵзִ硣

£ʱ䣬һĹ͸Сֱ֣ûڡ
ֻоͻأ䣬ѩԨ֮£⾡ɢȥһůӿѾʣԪ̼䱩ǣңһɼΪǿӿԪ۷ʱҪǿࡣ
⡭
Щ𾪡
˵һ˿̫ԴֱʹáСûƿҰԪҲɸ㣬̻Щ
䣡
ʱ˵£ɽ֣ڰ˻ġ
룬ֱһȭ񷡣
ֻǼ򵥵һȭֱѿˣҲֱӷ顣
ǣ
ڷɫ
ͬһʱ䣬Զ̫ϺͨҲݣѾƵôͻȻ侹Ǳôµս
Ҫ룬ٽ
̷
ɢǿͨ׹䣬һƬ
Щɫȫɱ⣬ƺƵģ˷ӿ
ˣ
컮˫֣ٴγѪɫѷ졣
˰ڵ̫Դ˿̵սǿľˣѪɫѷһʱɢޱȿֲϢͨɡһѪɫѷдһצ̽˳ֱɨȥ
飡飡飡
צֲɨɣǺڷײԶĴɽϣһƺߡ
ڷ⣬ͨ
ҿ֧Ŷã
䣬µ⳯ѹ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳһ֣ɢǿĲɱ⽻֯ʮ
õһ̫ԴսǿͬʱȫɱܿٴϿѪң￿ԱߣΪԪҲǣอܵ𵴣ѪӸӲ԰ס
ɫҪΪҶԪˣϽ뿪
Ҫóս̫壬Ǻŵס϶
ҧ
Ĺ˸һ̫Դûڡ
ֻоůģһǿӿ
״ȴǲôãǿΪ̫ԴһЩɣʱɵøɿȳʺѪˮ˳
ס֣Ҫˣ
󼱡

𣬺ڷѹɵڱ˸졣
һߣ̷ַȥ·չֳ
նˣٴܵЩ𵴣ɫǲ԰˼֡

ŭ
ٻ˫֣̫磬֮ҶݺѪɫѷ죬Իͬһʱ䣬ſ˫֣Űڵ̫Դſͼ˶ӭǰ


398 ŭ
̫Դ˿̵սɺǿ󣬱۷ʱҪǿͬʱ߶ͼһʱ䣬ԪƵ̷ͨ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫͬʱɣ˲Ĵˡ
Ķ
ҧһ׻âԻ˫ȭĸ°졣
ӳһȭ߶ȭʱ䣬һâĹǰֱӽַؿڹᴩѪ
ǣ
£⣬ӦòŶԣϷʲô
̫Ϻͨ϶ݣ֮ǰѾˣȴһٶʩչ˿µֶΣʵЩ⡣
࣡
ַŭХͨǿߣȻճʿţ
һַХһƬԻƺƵĳѹȥ
̫ϣͨϡڷԶ̫Ϻͨϣù˼Ůޣڵ״ǳãѾûѹʥӵЩа֮ǰҲˣͷԸоη壬ʱҲչԣҲһ֣ʱƿصЩǿһݡ
̫Ϻͨüɨ˰һۣŰɫ԰׵㣬ƺȷʵû˽ɭȻɱ⣬һǰȥ
Ͷˡ
ڷͷ
һʱ䣬ĹȺ
ˣϺַһͨǿߣѹ졣
׼Ůޣ˿
ڷ
ò˵ɽȻǿ󣬿ȴǼɵ׼ҵģϾ׼ǴϹŴĳȻ׼ĴŭԽڶƷԣɱ׼ҳϻǵøѣԱԼ
쵰
Եú
Ĺ˸һ̫ԴڳҪڡ
ͣ£
ȵ
ս壬ǿн̫Դ˻ȥ
Դȶκ鶼ҪѾŸ̫ԴˣٽԴɸ˵ɲĽ
ѽ
Ｑ
ҪΪҶɱԴˣѾˣ

¡¡
ҡͨǿѹ죬ɹ𶯾
ȫ⣬ŷŰڵ̫Դ֮ʩչǿֶΣͨǿӲ
˵ײѪһתٴγȥ
Ӳˣ
̫Ϻ
̫Ϻͨϳ׿ˣѾչԣûκι˼ɣֱȫ֡
̫󽣣
ͨ󣡡
˺ȵ
ɹ󽣺գһӰԻǰ·ƺƵѹ¡
ϲģ
ĥ
ǿ̫Դûǰ֪ͨ죬ֱӽõıԴڡ
һֻоǿӿ

ŭݡ
̫ԴѾ˵͹ȣôȥϵġ
¡¡
̫ѹͨҲһɱ
һʱ䣬Ϣ磬ֲˡ
Ⱥϲģ

ۿŰѪӱԽԽ԰ףϢԽԽŭ㡣
ڵڶΨһһѡ
䣡
񱩵Ϣڳ̫֮üĹâţ˶Ϊаע̫Դһ̣ҡҷں֮ʢƬռ䶼˺ڰУڰȴʥϢ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ǿչͨ뱻Ʈɣÿһˡ
ʶȶ
Сģ
ü
ʶȶһ˿򲻳˾ͲƿֶΡ
ͬʱ֣ţǵסУҲЩ𵴣Ѫһնʶֱ
𣡡
һŭɱϡ
ͬϣͬʱ֣쵹֮
ǿжԿͨǿߣһӣʱʱܴˡͬһʱ䣬İҲʱʱѪԭƯӲ԰׵ĲУ˼㡣

캰
ҡû¡
С
Ȼܹоּŭ
ǚiͬʱоðٸɱԴ
ܿϧܿã
ʱעǰ׼Ůޣǵ˻ϡ
ġ
һѹȥ
Ƶ֯ʮƵһһκˣѪ
ʱＸѾϣ˼㡣


ͨѹ£ǰ˻ģץ졣
ҲʱԶһӰдǿʢԪȻǰ
̧ͷͷߣ
硭
Զ
ߣŰʱģʱ䣬һɰɱƵ
Ǹã
һŭ𣬰˲ֱӳͨǿȫ֡
¡¡
𶯣ӿ֣͵졣
ȥôһʱ䣬ر޸壬ԪѾָ˿̣Լñ˵ôأʱͷڷɫԵúܿ¡
׼ʥӣ侲ǡ

ֱѹ¡
ڷ˱ɫ԰ȫʢ״̬³С
ͬʱʩչͨӭǰ
ŭڣУһվݺһնȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǿߵͨͬʱ飬ɣѪ
ȫҪ𣡡
ʶҲɫ׹䣬˴ء
ȫʩΪ۷壬ʶܹסҪ֪֮ǰѾŰ̫Դ˵ĲᣬˣɲǼѣٴκɣѪ˴ѡ
ǣ
ɨԼһۣʱ䣬ŭٴηӿȻƽԼúϸ񣬵ʵȴǺܳ谮Ҳ̰ﶥײԼͷŭ֪ɫնˡ
һ𣬴
еͨһչԺ˸Сս񣬰ּʶ󣬺˶ʱ˾Եơ
飡
̫Ϻɣһֱֱӱ飬һҽС
ͬһʱ䣬ͨʥصĳѣؿڰһ׽㱻նϡ
ԶסΣðԪ߶ļΪˡ̧ͷǰŴʱİͷҲ𺳣ǰ׼ҵ壬̫ǿˣһ˶սͨǿߣǴھϷ
ôҸ磬ɣ
ϧȴǺС
ˣ֪˵ˡ

תļԪԴԴϵĶɸָѪ
䣡
ǰ졣
漰Լãƽȵİһ̳ײƽˣԻƣһȭ׺֣һɱĲݵģͨǿ߸һ˲ˡ


399 
ŭһգס䡣
Ұ˵ôأһҲ
Ȼ䣬ڣվٴγ·һ

ռ䵱ˣһ׹䣬񷶼
׼ʥӣ𡭡
飡
ַڣû˵꣬ͱһĺɣѪ
⼸ʼŰ̫Դݺش˿ȫʢ״̬ұŭ壬һҲԵֵһδαɨɡ
ԶԷ
ˣ
ļתޣһָѪһԼ塣
˿Ѿڶʢʱڣɺ˸СնɱһʿõʲôοѾ˵Ĳᣬʤ
죬˵زأ
ﱳ
û£õҡ

˿˿ƵĹâԼ׹⽻֯һĻָ
ˣ
ʱ͵һԶһ߲ʹĻʮ
ƫͷһâ
ʱʶڵ˲ƺڴߴǰȥ
𣡡

ͬʱԵҲһ
ƺʲô鷳Х£ͬʱ˳
һʱ䣬ߵܱߣһ硣
Űˡ
ԴϢȣܵ𵴣͸Ӳˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Զͣٶ̫ϵ˶֡
̫ϵҲһľڤħԡףһע⣬ǾͿ֮ء
𣡡
һ߹һһƬƬռ䡣
֮ٴγȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һ˽ȥ
Ȼûйãһα˳߲ɫԴϲ񷣬γһ߲ʹ⣬ԼһµĹĻϣͻƽȥײΣÿһζ˻
ŭħ죬һδײ
ʮ˴ΣÿһɳѪ䣬նˢӡ
һʱ䣬Х˻ضҡļ¡
ʲôֻһĻѣȻܽͷ̬ˣһÿ£
ӣ֮ǰץһΣȻܹоĿֲǼ岻ڻҪڣµĺȻһĻһδˣѪ䣬ίʵЩˡ
оâ˸ֱֱĶ
߲ʹâʶڣ񽣲ͣ𶯣ͬĹâֱָ֣
ȥǺм䣬ûлᣬΪҪǣڵЩ⣬֮뿪߲âȷʵ⣬ǺͰȣȻǰҪȫûпɱԡ
𣡡
ٴγײ޹
ԣȻҲһ
γײ߲ʹĻԲҡһ˿
һ𣬺߲ͣʹĻɵ޸ͫѪ죬ֱĶ߲ɫĻƫͷŰ˹ͫâʢ
ʱɫ
µ˺ʲôײǲ߲ʹĻ˰̫ԴǸʱͲһˣпֱӾͻ߲ʹĻ࿼ǣŰߣͬʱŰ
𣡡
һֱ׷
ԣǣԷѾ֪ȥˡ
ŰǚiʩչޣһԶߡͬһʱ䣬ʶڹʶײ񽣣ϣŵ񽣸Ϊһ̣񽣣벻ʲô취ԵֵǰͷڤħȻȻһֱ𶯣ȴһ
찵һٶȸ졣
𣡡
ʱ䣬ϯ˻ġ
ٶѾܿˣȴɱܲ磬ۿҪİϣһҧǿתԼǰԼļȥܺ硣ʱ䣬ֱӽƷ˳ȥ
һʱ䣬ͰͬʱѪ
ԼӲϯ磬㵱ǡ
ô
ʰ
ûû¡
̬ȴǳƤƺѾ֧ŲסˣҪʡ֮ǰΪ̫Դޣֲ֮ܵûеȥѾ漣ˡ
ּŭŰٳԶӡ
Ժһսԣֲ֪ȥ
Ǿ
ʱһѹ˹
ӰһΣ
ˣ
һ׵ڳʼһ֣ʱţס˺֮
󾪣ⷽ׵̫ǿˣԶȰ֮ǰֲ
컳УҲת˼֣һĻ󣬶ʱɫ磬ҪӲˣ֪׵ʲôǼڣΪһĲƷܻӰΣһĴǿҪȡѡǸʱ򣬰ŸոճΪ壬Խб͸壬Ϊȱ׼ֻһˣ̫嶼ûС
֪бǿɸ֪Ŀֲⶫܵס
ߣ

£׵âʢֱڣԴҲǣһ˿׵һ
ҧֱӳԶߡ
ʱ˵뷨һһҪס
׵סٴγ׵ײһ
ֱӿѪ㵱¡
磡
Ｑˣð
첻ͣԶˡ
ΪĻᣬ᲻ϧ
ܿ죬˳ǧɶԶԶ˺ڡ
ʱƿ֮Ӱǰ̫ϣͨϣɽһ׷
㲻ˣ
һ

ŭ
ʱ䱦Զ룬ǣȴǰ
׼ʥˣ㻹εֵҵȣ
Ǻ׼ҵʥӽעҪˣ
׼ҹҲ࣬˽ն
Ц
ס־ϲܸоĿֲܰǿȴûеסǺĿܡǺĿ꣬ҲǷˣǰ׼ҳֻҪںϵǰץס߼ɣ£һж⡣ңɱ˰ͰһϲϾ׼ҵͳˣѣžԵĺô
ѹ
ڷҲ붯ֳץȥ
ʱˣＸԣǧѷĻᣬԸŹ
Ķ

ȫ⣬㱻ɨ˳ȥ弸Ѻۡ
Ŷȴֱɨ˻ܴ
飡
飡
飡
ʮһδ壬ÿζϮɱԶߡ
ѹ
ͨϺ
̷ΣһҪץסץʱ䣬ȫ֣
֣չһһɵͨ
һ𿹺ˣⴴѡ
𣡡
ʱĴ񷶼˿
һӰɣѪ׹ء
ɫǰµ˽ס
㣬ôûߡ
ǰؿڴһѪ죬һ˿ŭ⡣˵ŻʱÿſڶڿѪ·Ƿвʱп
סʱ䣬ѪˮȾˡ
Ҳʱŷ֣Ļ׵ѾˣԻٵĺۼ
ԻǷ׵
ɫ΢䡣
ߣ
ӿѪק졣
ʱХ꣬Զ￿˹


400 񽣶Ѫ
δ嵽ǰȴѾһֲ쫷磬ݻһС
ио˾ߣͰﶼѾ˵ʣǰѾһϢͿˣԼҲѾûӦԣ

дҡ
𣡡
ԽԽ
̫ϵʧɫܣȴûߣԶ
ŰͰˣȻɲǼͱһ쫷˳ȥ
ȣ
ӿѪǽңҰѾģ
ǰֻܿһģӰڱƽһĺڰħ
ڣѾܶܲˣֻʶԾʶгŵײ񽣺
Ͱ׼õ·ȫͿˡ

ʶ



ʶӰʶϣŵײ
Ȼֻ΢΢𶯣ʼû
𣡡
һɿ
쵲ǰܹסֻһɷѣٴνɨɡ
ͬʱİͰҲԶԶĹһߣ׻˹ȥ
ѪվûˣֻоϢڿş̌ͷܹԶİڤħڳȥ
һХɳ졣
ԵЩ˷ܣͫѪЩٶȾˡ
ɫ䣬
໹ʱ䣬ܳ嵽ߡ
׼ҳγˡ
ãֻϣǽܻš
ϵܲ٣
ͷƺֻ԰׼ҹȤ
ǵСһЩ
Զ̫ϵС
ǰԽԽתۼ䣬ڿ⡣
ͨʶײ񽣡
˷ܵħʢֱżȥ
һĻʱ۾ˡ

̲ס˫вɱ⡣
һĲʣŭ;ԶĺΪ֮һ
䣡
һ̣һɰͻأڳ
ʶڣڶˣʩʩȻʶ֮ϡ
Զ쳹ʶʶΪ֮ڣһƣŨ߲ɫâ֮ڳ֮ͬ˲ԭÿһ䡣գۼѣȬԪ֣һɿֲڻۡ
ǣ
߲ʹâôֹâһ
ʲô
Զ̫ϵ˱ɫ
һֻ̣оò·ժ׽¡
̧ͷԶĺ˫Ŀ죬ɱ⾪ꡣ

һˣ߲ʹâĺвϺˡ
৵һӰ˲ںߣһȭȥ
ȺСǣǼд߲ɫâȭȴֲ˼㣬һȭӳһǳѹһҷǧɶԶ
⡭ôܣ
Զ̫ϵ˽ԱɫĿֲ֪ģǿߣȴȻһȭͱҷˣѪУʲô
һȭҷɺǚi׹ס

ϧԷѾӦ
ζɸ̫ԴǿУּαˣֻʣһˡ
ϣڰؿڣ߲ʹâԴԴϵĳŰӿȥıԴգۼѣƿٻظ԰׵Ҳúֱ˻
𣡡
Զڿն
Ѫͫ죬һֱӳ˹
ƫͷдűɱ⣬һӣһ߲ʽ˲Ϣ
ۣ
ҽУѪĽֱӱն
컳У﷢ʱת˹
졭ոѣʶЩģܿͳѣҸأҸ֮ǰǵãΪ˸·ڤħǰĲС
ƫͷ档
˳ĿȥһϢİۿʱˡ
磡磡
Ư۾ᣬСֳŰķץҪǱȥ
õġ
찲ο
ն£Űڰߣӻз¡
磡磡磡
ޡ
˵һİ֣̫֮ԴҪΪˡ

ֹ̧֣
ӣڰؿڣһ߲ʹâɳûڡ
ʱ䣬ƿٻָɫҲʼת
һĻϲ
̫ˣ죬־ϲôģ㡭˵ţͻȻ䣬˶ˣŷ֣˶߲ɫâţһսǵȺ嫶ԶϢ̫Դڻζ
𣡡
𣬺߿գϵѾ׻ָ
ʱɫ죬ǡ
վ𶯡
Ļ
ƫͷķһƬпᡣ
ĳ£һƵ߲ʹâ۶۳һԼߵʥ
壬ʶеһģһ
㣡
˫ֳֽԿն¡
һռ鿪һĽ˲Ϣ
ۣ
𾪵У˴ѣһնΪΡ
ֳ߲ʹ⽣û˿飬źնһһ
𣡡
𣬾նϣɷ
ͬͷڷ裬߲ʹ⽣ʩչʽһһնѪĽϣͬѪ㽫ǡ

췢ҽУѪԡ壬оԼҪڻˡ
죡
󼱡
Զ̫˶ݣ󣬸񶼱
Ȼ֪ΪʲôͻȻǵȿֲմȾѪл·ǿǴ˵е飬һѪڵĻԽһͨǿĨɱ
Ц
ǰ˻Ѫ콦䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ҲҽС
ѪϣоԼ·ǱҽûˣǾ˵·ҪȼմоԼƤѾڵˣȫ£ÿһҵʹУʱʹ򱶡

˻𣬷йʹ
ʱ߲ʹâ⣬ѪֱӾͻҪ
Ȼʵû
߲ʹâ⣬˴󲿷ѪڵĻǿнС
ҽǱø׺ݡ
ɱ
һ߲ʹ⽣ն䡣
һʱ䣬춼߲ʽ⣬Ӵתۼ䱻ն˾žŰʮһΡ
𣡡
㣬ŭ
ɱɱɱ
𣬷ӽ
˿̣˶ѪûˣڲĻϢҪٵҪȳɻҽȻ߲ɫâģЩһ߻ӽһתļǿнѪɵڡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
Ѫ壬ļתðһݣһ졣
߲ʹâ£ı㼡ڱ飬ٴα飬ٴ
һĻסˡ
ôܣѪûɱѪ壡
̫ϵɫ䡣


401 
쳹׷й⽣һδն£һδαڿС
ɱ
žʹӶ߲ʹ⽣
Ѫ壬ȻԵѪҺų⣬ǽ֮ɣļԴǡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫ı㼡ͬǱˮ̹㣬һѪݣЩѪƿÿһƿ¶һƬµļâת
ޱʹ࣬

Դйʹй⽣ն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһ俪ϣС
ܱһδն飬ȴϢ˶ѡ
תۼ䣬ٴؾŭĶ졣
ɱ
ֻһ֣һն¡
ʶе߲ʹâ̫ǿˣһ̣оԼڳſԻһе·һնϵǳ
ۣ
𾪵УĺֱӱնΪΡ
һʱ䣬Ѫһ䡣
켸ѪȾˣҵʹƺҪ˺顣
Ҳʹӷ
ˣ
߲ʹâΪԴȪһͼ˷Բɿռ䡣
߲ʹâԴ˴߶ͼʱãƺƵѹȥС
ϴξͲ㱻㺦θֵԿͷˣ
캮
ͼѹ£е߲ʹ⽣һնȥ
ոܺһαնΪΡ
𣡡
һͼ£Ѫͬһӿ
ϧ߲ʹԴ̫ڿˣ˿̻ӶֻվΪȴ·ԻһУܽﶼ
ٺ𣡡
ҧ
ֽӡ߶֮ҽѪɫѷ
ʱ֮ӿѹһС
ۣ
ȻϢ£ڤħױ飬Ѫˮ񷡣
ǿǣô£
Զﾪȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶЩĵط̫ϵɫҰףļ¡
ֲڤħһ̾ȻնѪ
ߣ
ɽһ
ûκ飬㼺ϢСĺˡ
̫׿ˣŴʱ콫еľںϣǱߣһȵڳ˱ɡ
תۼ䣬˳˰Զ
𣡡
ڤħ˻һδܶ˻ħ⺧ˡ
壬ͨԡѪһԴ˴壬һ߻Ӷ߲ʹ⽣ն¡
ҲʱƫͷԶ
Ǹ̫ߡ
ӣ
һ
ͼ֣ǚiһֱӿ˹ȥǰ
ʱ䣬ɫ
ɽ㲻ʲôޣ㻹ţԺͽ⣡

ͽ裡

ûκԥֱӻӽֱն¡
ۣ
һ죬նķ飬ѪȾ񷣬
ƫͷˡ
죬㡭ס֣һж
̫ϵ
̧֣ش̫ϵģֻһ
۵һֱ̫ӱնѪ
ﬣ
߲ʹ⽣ʵ񽣣׼ˡ
ǰλɱķ̫Դս͹ȣӿɺ޵ǣסΪͰﴴ·⼸ȴǸʱǰ·ʹúѹЩοͻ̵걻޵ץߺڶ˷ŭ

ŭ
߲ʹ⽣Ϊķŭøӿ£һն£ҹâûܡ
ַ˾֣ȫ⡣
Ȼֵܵˣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫը˵
ԼĸԱߣһĻ̲סӡ
ûмôµ졣
𣡡
Х꣬ͼ£ٴܶͼѺۡ
̧ͷһͿ˹ȥ
ﬣ
߲ʹ⽣ֲˣǻصһ١
һͼһ𽫺նΪΡ
ʮ

һ̣߶Ͼƹķʮһʱ䣬춼߲ʹâͬһƬ߲ʹ⺣ȫ·һ˺ѺѪ⡣
ҽУٴش
𣡡
һŭ𣬱УһѪɳһͷѪԶ
Ǻ꣬ʱʶڵ߲ʹâ̫ǿˣʹ·һ羳ǿߣѵֵˣֻѡߡ
ӣ

ǚiɱϣһն¡
ͷ̫ˣǸвʶڵ񽣺òѹƺʱźߣɱ˶ԷҲý֮ش˵ʮԻĳ̶ȡ
ﬣ
նһ񷶼ˡ
߳Ѫ飬һҽС
ֻɲǼѣٴ۳壬Զߡ
߲ʹ⽣ֱ׷ȥ
䣡
һ񷣬ն㡣
Ѫٴα飬ĲҺ
ҵֵһٴζߡ
ҧ뵽Ͼƹ˵ĻʿڴﵽͿһЩǿĴڣֻʣһѪҲٴԻؼ䣬ȻǺߣﵽ磬ĺɱ
ɱ㣬ҲҪУ

߲ʹâڣ߲ʹ⽣ŭնء
Һɿߡ
ٶԭܿ죬߲ʹ⽣նˣѾĲУٶࡣңڵõʶ󣬸ʵ˷츲صı仯ٶȻҲУһ׷˺
ۣ
һն£Ѫһαն顣
ΣѪ꾹С˼֡
һһˣһǰһڽڱۣ˳棬νǾס;ˡ
ǡ죿еǱ⽣
ѪʲôϢô֮ǰ򿪽صͷ
ûͷԣͷ
⡭Ǹ죬׷ɱͷԷ˳ӣ
ôܣ
˽ļ£ĿɲЩ˶֪ģ֮ǰڶΪ֮ʹüϹҺʹʥض㤣ڣֲһ飬ԶŴ˵еĴڣȻȻһʿ׷ɱ
ﬣ
һΣѪ걻ն顣
ʱ򣬺ϢѾ˥㣬Сࡣ
ˣ
һ־޴ͼ۶ƺƵĳǰѹ¡
ƫͷһʱ
˻֮һοڣ³ԣſ񱩵࣡
һضڻζ
ħһΪưͣɫͼѹ£ͬһʱ䣬߲ʹ⽣ҲĻնȥٽһԣûã
ŭͼѹƣһն顣
´ټɣ
Ѫâ嫣ӿ˺һѷ죬˲˽ȥ
´ټնͷ

һ߲ʹ⽣һìݺݳſռѷͶȥ
մһŭͲҽд󣬿ռѷ͵һպϣʧ


402 ֮
ڣ˶ϣһĿɿڴЩأȴûиҽֵ˿̼ɱڤħܶߣȻ
ͷˣ
ҵ찡Ǹ죬ѵԶתɣ
ǻֲ
˶Ĳ
ڤħ˵еĴڣȻˣ˺նߣ
ģûô׺ݵˣ
˶¡
ϣ߲ͨʹâƣѪҲȾȫ
ն̫ϵˣҲǶߣһʱ䣬˷һءҲΪˣѪԡ壬ҵʹӿϣ̲סһҽС
Ѫ̵Ļ̫ǿˡ
ǿתļתΣŰķȥܿӰ
Űûд󰭣ҲûΣգӷЩһͷԵȥ
Ѫ֯⣬ʹ࣬񽣵ȻǿĸҲܴ󣬴ʱ񾭳׷ɣۻʹʱ
ɫ˹ȥҪӵϷ
ң
ʱմȾѪ߲ʹԴ壬ͱˡ
ѪҺһմȾϣ
Ȼ֪˼ứôû£ٶЩ̫ԴɣҵıԴдõģسʼΪ磬ûΪ֮ĸֱԴá
˵ţĹ˸Ȼڼ̫Դ
ûʲô£ֻЩѣһͺˡ

ǡ
ûпǣҶԴ
ͺȡ
Ŵӵվԭأתļǣ߲ʹԴѪ
Ѫ޾֮һʼ֮ʹôһʱȥͨļһЩѪѪ⣬ֻоǿ࣬ڵԪҲøӴ·һ֮á
ˣ
һһתļ⣬߲ʹâѪââ˸
СĻԱߣעܡ
ƺ˲٣ûѹϵһߡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
⣬Ѫ·˰㣬͵졣
߲ʹâƣѪһĴѪ֮Сֹ֮ȥʮѪȫʧʹҲ֮ᣬȥ
Աߣ뿴죬ɵС졣˿̼죬оѾΣգϢʼǿʱִ˴š
⼡ְۣӤţǹ֡

ֹʲôء
쿪ڡ
Ȼ˫ۣܵһлܹ֪ĵ
ûС
ƫͷȥ
΢ļתĸ졣
ѪѾȫһ̣оԼǿ࣬ڸǷ·֮
תۣǰӹȥ
䣡
һ쫷Ϊĳɢǿӿ
ۣյڶ죿죬ֹʼΪһҪС̨ףھȻңôô죬ҪҸˡ
쫷ϯ㰲
˫ۣվ
˫֣ԪѾȬøǿ
ԴˣЩ
ô

֮ǰ˵ĺأڿȥûʲô£Щġ
û£ԴЩѣЩʱлָ

ͷһߵİأ˰ɣ
ιô˵أ
ۡ
Ʋ죬û˵ʲô
ʶڣһƹâֱָ
ţ£Ҫȥ
˵
һֱָĶҪ
ҲҪȥ

ƫͷɨһ۰㻹ǹܺɡ
ƺӦһƺߣҪ
ʱ¶ϲɫæ˹ȥ
΢΢һЦǚiһΣ˲ʧԭأȥشӣûиصʱȬˣڲİİΣ
ι߰
УϧѾԶ

ڹתռԵЩ谵
նУֻһ߲ʹûڲ񷣬嫶Զ
ʶеĸһ֮
üֱֱǰ
ҰУ߲ʹĻ͸ڲһȭͷЦ߲ʹԴ³Сȴǿհ䡣
ȵһģһ

Գǰȥ߲ʹĻϡ
ܹоһ棬ʶڵ΢΢һʱ䣬ǰϱѿ
ˣ
ȭͷС߲ʹâ˸Ǹ㣬ԹԷ˹
Χת˶
Գɣ֡
߲ʹΧתһȦһֱ˳ûڡ
Źâһ·ϳ壬ʶڵǱԱߣС
䣡
̼䣬һɿֲɢ߲ʹٴγ
һ˲ѣΪģ߲ʹâŽɢ֮еһȫ˴ѣ˲ͱ˸ɾ
Զɫۿȥʱ
һ̣뵽֮ǰŵ߲ʹâǷЩ
ǸһŪʲô
ò˵ֱǺ׼ģһ¾Ͳµȳ
ߣ
ѾվһĻҲǶݣŰˡ
߲ʹĻٶȺܿ죬ͬɢ
ܿ죬ʿһĻһ
ܣ
ȫŵˡ
һʱ䣬ȫʿԳŽܣת۳ȥƬ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
;˴ѣһ١
ܰ
˴С
ֱֹȥ˲ȫӳء
߲ʹĻһֱɢֱرԵʱͣ
⡭׷ʲô
Ųӡ
һ򣬰Ͱͳ˳Žڡ
Ǹһ
ֱֱŽڡ

߲ʹԴڣںһɢǿʢĹ⡣
쾲վԭأעʶڡ
ˣ
𶯣߲ʹâ˸һ֮ӽڴ
üĿһУκɫ΢䡣
ʱ뵽˰֮ǰġꡱһ¡
Դǡ飿
̲ס
΢˶Ϣ֮ǰǿʢ
Щסˡ
ʱõ߲ʹâ˼ʲôȴ벻ף֮Ҳûٶ룬񣬵õڶ߲ʹԴٽϰ֮ǰ˵ı֮£ף߲ʹԴƺʶǱ񽣵Ľ飡
ǻԪ챦񽣱꣬־ڵһ͵ڶ죿
첻⡣
һɨ񽣣Ƕݡ
ĸоڵĽ鲢ԲԼȱ˾ŷ֮ҡ
һһŽ⣬ڶҲһŽ⣬ȱپŷ֮ߡΪ֮ݣѵ񽣵Ľʧֱʮľڣ


403 һ
뵽ԣжʱһ⣬Ϊͬһʱһ棬ǵʱǷξξУŵӰһ񽣣񽣴Ӳ׹䣬ƺԽ˰˵ϣû֮¡
񽣣ʶڵ񽣣һģһ
ѵǴӵھ׹У˲ֽ飿
ľ
˼ԽԽԺܸߣңҲܽΪʲôһ͵ڶһŽƬ
⡭
Щˡ
ֱȥʮǻع
ô˵ҸҪϲȥˣѰ񽣵ȱʧ顣

ƺڻӦʶڣ𶯣һ߲ʹâ
һٶ룬׾
ʶڵ񽣻ɢһƵ߲ʹâԭļתǣЩ߲ʹÿһ䣬֮뵽Ԫڣ֮Ԫ
̣
ƣ֯
վΣԴԪΪĥԪڵʣȵԪڵĥһ̶ȣǻᷢһʱ䣬ӶͨɲΡתļһԪͬʱҲһǡ
һۣȥ
һգ˫ۣâһţǿʢࡣ
վȭͷǿ˼֡
ͷѪǴҺ
찵
Ǳ֮ɹٺҪǿ࣬һУѪ֮Ȼ߲ʹâǰ˴æûǶ壬ˡ
ʱڵĿռ谵ЩǽһƬ
˶٣ȥ
ͻȻ䣬ͣƫͷȻһõʬʬΪģüĴһѪеâתЩˡ
üȥʬǰӦǴͨɾ磬Ѿ꣬ʬȴɱĺãûи࣬ܲϳҪ֪һͨǿȥʬͻ¸ࡣ
⡭ѵź
һ
ųǿɳʣͨǿݹ۹ŽΪͨɾ磬ȴ󱣳ʬ࣬Ψܡ
˵ڶ⽣ڣǼ֮һ

üɢâʶ̽ûʬڣ̽Ѱ䱾Դܿ죬ҡҡͷȥ̫ãԴѾɿϨԲΪ塣
֪˱ضһɡ
ƶĿ⣬һѰϷһöʯ䡣
ʯСĵȡԪһʶ̽УʱΪ֮һ
ʯڵĿռǳнǧ˸ֶУһžֱסĿ⡣žͭ죬Ϸ˵ƣ飬ЩۣһһƷ
ʱΪ֮һϲ
ƷƼֵǣһЩͨͨɾǿҲӵС
Ѿͷ֮ǰʬܹѰǲ١
С
ɨöʯֵܶ࣬ҲƣƵϾˡ
һЩϡҩģƷȣźܶ࣬ңЩ似
ղأǲ
аԼԭʯڵĶŲöʯУ֮£öʯ䡣֮վ̧նһâԱƿһӣʬƽȥ֮ǣһ򵥵ķĹ
Ϣ
˵
ôӱϵ˲ٱĹӦõġ
ԭأطĿһƬǽ壬ûзʲô
ԵڶȺУѾµ»˳

ɨһۣתŽȥ
ڵĿռɻ谵һ·ߣ;ڵϷвٱУǵǽꪣǹЩѺۣЩ⼣߲
ȡһԵָʱ顣
֮ǰɵ񽣵ĽƬ֪£⽣ܹ֮ʹ˽ƬӰ죬Ӷ˹˿µսǰɵƬ߲ʹĻΧٵ
ͷ֪ȥ
΢΢ü
ͷԺǿɿ²Էһûб飬š
ҡҡͷȥ
ԼһӺ߳أвʿΧڽ⡣
죿
˼죬ʱ
ô£Ѿڶûм˲֪ʱЩ˶죬˶Ǵž⣬Ҳв˻оη
ѾϰĿ⣬ûô⣬ڿն𣬳Զȥ
ܣľһԶúڵϣͽС
ͻȻವһһӰǰڳǰ
٣еȫңرҲң
ǰ˵Щ˻ơ
춢Ӱ죺ʲô
Ҳǰϴˣ
˵˻˼֡
̧֣ɨһɽ磬ϵĺڲ¶һžµӡ
ɲǰô
ιʲôλҾô죡㸺𣡡

߹ȥ˰һ£
ĥűõĶͷߵĶ졣
캹գƫͷȥǰߡ
ιǰȥô۾죺һ֮ǰǽʲôǻԵ߲ʹһŪУ֮ǰɢ߲ͬʹ⣬ô£⣬ôܹԣ
һһ⡣
֪
һһ١
㣡
ĥݺݵĶ졣
̧־һ£תƻʵˣأûȥ
񾭱Ƚϴ˲ͱ˹ȥЩĵǴӽسҪקһȥҳע⣬һ£Ȼˡ
һ㶣ʱЦ
ܹ󵽰õһ˲ʲôܣһѪ
Цʲô

û
òֹסЦ԰һŨŨͬ顣
ǰߣǸԱߡ
ָң
ֹסŲ
ϻô۾ҿü죡
ԣ㻹ǻȥɣôңҴҪɱˡ
ɣ֮ǰ˵Ҽҵ˶֣ҲģҲǼЩ˲ģҸ㣬Ҽҵϣҵõ֮ǰìܡ
˵
죬ѵõĺ档
˶٣û˵ʲô
ɡ
ǰȥ
첻Լȥ׷ǰȥˣƬһƬ򣬷ǳ嫣ʿǵãȥòã
򣿡
΢ɡ
ͷţʮɣÿһ춼ӴǿĺңɸۡҲ٣Ũǳʺʿĥڶ򼸸ˣʮ̵ĽǰƬ


404 ɽɱ
룬Уȥνĺ򿴿
ԭҲûʲô£ȻĵطȥȻǺ¡
ʿԭսбǿ
ððˣڼﶼƻˣܶطûȥء
˭ǴС㳤ٸͷҴ˶ἱϴ
˵
ӣǰȥ
Сһȥ
ιι֪ô𣿡
˵
֪
ǰ֪ôߣǰ棬ߡ
˵
ʲôû˵̾ȥ򡣡һЦ˵㲻ߵĵطĴɽ£ĴߣȻͦã
ǰԵƵᣬʡ
ﶢƲƲʲôԼһװ
ֹҿˡ
ңѹ㣡

һЦôڿɺڽʱһˣܻʧ
бۣҲûж˵ƲСԱߡ
ԹߣУһЩͨСĴǣྭŵòᣬæӿȥȻҲвǿޣ;Ϯˣնһķɡ
ּǰУʱҲԵøЩ
Ǻá
˵
쿴һۣǾãƽƽ˵ķգҲй˵ǳ
ǾҶߣ¡
Ц
ѽͷСʱ򣬸ҲҼҺԺת
ҺԺŶתתȥôƬء
ҼҺԺһƬɽȺܴģɽС˺ܶ
죺
һƬĻ˵һ䡭
ôˣ
ﶢ
ûʲôǰߣ˵ͦġȻ˵ĺ⣬ȴҲĻڽڣŰˣֱӷˣһΣ֪ܳȣǰ㷢񣬹ƻǰһΡ
ҿá

췭ۣ㻹֪°ѹԼ׸ģÿ㣬ʱûڿôһı֮ǰʩչڲбڵΣܲȱȴԶǿ
˭ңʱԪɿˣ
ߵ
㵱ʱǳԶˣļв
ֻǺѵãҪǲϧġ
ðɣȻͬ磬Ҷʾ֧֣ԺǺѹһ꣡
Ц
ǰ汻ѹˣιƶЦѡ
ҲʲôˣԺлᣬҲѹˡ
СĿڡ
Ц
ߣһ۾졣
ʱǼǴУˮʳǼ򵥵ıٹȵ
һ죬뿪֣ɽ
䣡
ǰԪתҲһɹӿ
쳯ǰȥֻŲԶ⣬ʮǿ߽Χм䣬ʮǿߵҲͷʶΪȫΡ
ɾʮ壬΢΢˫ۡ
ʱ򣬼ʿҲǼߵ죬һ
ֵѣ׼ҹǣ
ֻǲСĿƬ֣ǱҪɱǡ
ңѾͬȥˣֵѣǣ
ʿ֪ǿ󣬽֮ɫ
ƫͷŵѪżʬ壬״ңȻǱŰɱ
СɽΪʥأƽܰԵģֻҪʿɽ߽磬ǾͻɱǰֵʵЩֻǿɽԵѣûȥЩ壬ǹ֣
ͷǰ
ʮǿУΪ׵ɫ΢䡣ЩǴĺʢǰɽ佣ڣɽҲط֪֣֣֮ͷͷһ
ܿ죬ɽ˵ıǱ
㵨ӲСȻ
ȥ֪ͨǣ
˺
ǣ
ʶɽڡ
̧֣âն
۵һ뿪ֱӱնķ顣
ʱ䣬弸ʿʮǿߣ˽ԱɫǿɽȻ˸ɱʿ
죬ƲƲ죬ûж˵ʲôƽ첻ҪɽȴǲᣬΪɽѾˡ
죬ôĵӣ

٣
ʮŭ
Щʿη죬Ҳܷŭĵ̰
첻мһЦһǰȥ
뿪
żʿ
֮ƫͷסʿڽɽ׷ɱͰˣǼǵúȻطɽڵʿȻûɫܵû
лѣ
л
СģҲЩ뿪
æ
˵꣬˿Զת۾ʧˡ
żߣ弸ҪȴֲңǾĶ졣
ǰɨڵϵļʿʬ壬΢ɱͬδ̫ЩǲܰΪָ˵ţֱ̧֣һʣĿռ͵죬罣ǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬תۼ䣬ȴͷ⣬ʿȫն
죡
ͷ־ŭ
ɽΪʥأû˸ɽɱˣʥص˶ҡ
ҲΪɱᡣ

֣â˸ǰʿûʲôϵҲҪЩ˳ͷ֮ˣҸֵĽڰˡ
һ
ﹾ棬Ȼ֪ʲô
û˵ʲôֻһ߰ĿţΪҲܲϲЩΪңڽڣɽ׷ɱ죬ġ
ɫָأͷС
ﬣ
ﬣ
ͷӭĴ֡


ɫ£ƲɵֱӽƷĵ֧顣
ͷ֣⿹⣬ϧס

һ
Զһɸǿ𣬳ӿ
ʱ䣬ͷ¶ϲɫԼһǿ߸ϵˡ
죬
ѡ
ƫͷֻһɫӰԶ̤ٶȼ졣
ס֣

һԸɿݵӰϢȴǺǿͨɵһ졣
˵ס־ס֣
첻мѹµĴƲ䣬ֱ£ƱøǿͷĻ⡣

ˣǣ
ͷ֡
ɫ£·һ̫ŴɽѹϣǸֵˡ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըͷֱӱĵ
Զʱŭһɺ嫵𣺡
һֱ֣̽ޱڱβ񷣬ѹ졣


405 ̫
ɵĴѹǲ񷣬Ŀռ¡¡
ˣ
ɫ
ͨɾһƣܲͨǴȴҲޱȿֲ
ɽɱʥҲ
ֵ
Ȼ䣬µĻɫƸǿϯʮ
ЦΪȭŲһȭȥ
ˣ
µһȭֱ˿ռ䡣
ֵʱɫ䣬ֿµסˣ㡭
ۣ
ȭײһ𣬶ʱ䣬ѪĽ
ƺߣֱӱҵķѣͷ
ɫɲųˡOΡ
̫̬˰ɣ
Բ˫ۡ
һնʿȻһȭͨɾһֱۣ
𣬷ŭ
࣡
ʧȥһֱۣһǱΪԶԼСʿˣʹоޱȷŭһ
ЦŲһαڰߡ
ߡ
Ͱ˾䣬Ű֣ǚiһչ˲Զȥ
Ǻǿ󣬵Ϊȴͨɾǿ߲٣ܶԷɱҪɱԷҲףҪķѺܶʱԪҪǣ￿ɽɾΣˣܻᱻѹ
κٶ̫죬Ѿ׷ϡ

ʮ⣬ͣ£ɿ֣ǰߡ
طѾɽԶٵʲô
Ŵ۾Ǵһ㶢죬һԽԽֲˣ֮ǰѪ壬ЧôţڵǣҪǽһͨɾǿǰܹԷ
Ǻܲ
ǺѽȻѪ壬ԶŵһЩʥҲûȼ
һĽ
ˣۣҪ´ͷռѪԡһ£ȽȫƤãȻãҲáȻǰỹܱ֤ԼѪܻš
֪Ҽ㵱ʱĲ״ҲҪ
ĥ
һƯƯŮԼļãǻֱɱ
Ц°Ķͷǰȥ
ļʱûȥ޵磬һЩͨɽּ䴩ͽУʱҰ޲ʱСﶺ֣Եúֹȥգ߽һƬС֣Ұ٣춯ֲժЩζ𣬺ǲ
治ҪһֱôžͺˣҾͲץֻˡ

۵Ҫɽ֣꣬żСȥףʱֻˣȻ͸ÿհɽˮͽּ䣬ּĶɺã
һ㶣漴ۣƯյǰѽǶɣ
ĴӷӿУŰĽգʱͷһĨ
һ죬ȥ
ɫģûɫ
ߵ

캹գԭ٩°û뵽ͻȻô͡
ʱһΣչȥ
ͽּ䣬ѡһЩƫƧС·ߣûûҰ޵ֻżȸ˸ľ
ιǻҪתƶãʲôʱȥѽ
ʵ
㲻˵ϲôͲˣ
㻹˵ҪСأҲû𡣡
ﷴ
죺
ɿСľЩ⣬Ҫҽ̫һ£
̫ʲô
Ʋ졣
ö
Ц
ߵǰչΣ⶯񶯣Ķּȭơ
һߣգŴ۾죬ô⣬ǽȴαúܿ飬ԼҲðЩһ͸С
컮˫֣ʱȭʱƣʱᣬʱա
ݣɾ̣̫Ϊ̫ȻһΪ̫ʮΪ̫֮ʮΪ̫ϺΪ̫ǧԴΪ̫
չƽͣһƮ
̫йŴıŲϰߵΡżĶЧƬʱͺϲоһЩϰ̫̫ȭ̫Ƶȶԣʱһʱٴֻһǰδе泩УƺҲøЩ
̫Ϊˡ
̫Ϊ
̫Ϊġ
̫Ϊ
̫Ϊ
̬꣬ƽ͡
ƬСֺԵø˼֣ȸҰҲҰܳԶԵúܰΧܣԶԶĹ졣
վĿĶǰ
찡һȻһ棿
𾪡
ʱ򣬶죬оǰ·һӰ㣬һԵʡ
֪䣬Ȼˡ
ֱһӺͣ£Żع
оΣ
ʵ
ۣѧʥ
ֻǿһѣ;Լľ࣬𾪡
Ҽء
Ц
̫ʲôʥƬ磬˶ᣬѣ˽֮ʥȻܸˣֵĽܡ
ң
קСȭͷ۷ŹĶ졣
а
Ц
ŲС̰̫̫֮һʱγһѵķ羰
һۼ䣬չȥ
߰Сȥ򡣡

ּ䣬͸ľ϶ڵӳһߡ
ЩͰһ𣬰Ķȹÿյʮʱɽˮ̰̫ԼľҲŵԵͣΪ綼õǿȹ̡
รҴ·Ҹ࣡

С
һЦ
ڿն뿪֡
򣬵ڶһƬأڵºܾԶƬϷͷǳͺ嫡⺣󵺣ǿĺҰޣÿռ䶼ʿƬǿߣս
ҲΪˣڵıҲ٣ЩطܹһЩǰ͹µĵã̱ңΪǳŨɣһЩϱкĵرһ֮óȥһļ۸
Լ˳һƬǰ
ȥޱżһ˾ͬŭں
Ǻ򣿡
΢㶡
ܣǰȷʵһƬ󺣣ȴûмʲô졣
ܣǿ˲ٷݣסһЩƽǡ
ŲǣֻѣҪ˴йƬ󺣣ܵ򡣡
ָͣǰ
˳ŰָȥԶһڣͣŲٴ󴬣ʿΧܣһһ󴬵ȥúһҴ󴬶뿪ʻԶ
ǰʿ඼վ֮£޷УȻֻܳ˴ңվʿУҲѡ˴ǰϾĺ򻹺Զǰ̫ķԪˣ򣬺ǿޣһվʿѵֵǰһֻͨɾǿ߲Ÿҡ
͵


406 ϻ
嫺ǰһ޴ۿڣ뷲޼ȥۿڴͣʮ֧󴬣ڲľ죬ǶһƤΪľǷֹϴ˵ĳԴľ죬ϾκˣֱӾͻᱻݻ١
ͰһһҴ󴬣ʿɢޣһЩСɵӣ˵ϴɫһ䣬СĳԱȥЩɵĶ죬һæͷȥ
ǶôĶ˶㡣

˵ˡ

ߵ˵ʵ
ۣңذ׼ҡ
㡭
ֱӵԲ˴۾
ЦʵǺȤ
΢΢磬һʪһЩζ˵ϴãһŽ뺣ڣŴʻȥ󴬵ײ뺣Ӵĵط׻ˮ˺󣬵ǸһʵĿӸС
еĺģٶ
ͰվڴͷܵĿռܿ㣬˶˺Զ
Ϊܹ˼졣
ʱǸȻҿڣֱڳôһƬռ䣬á

ƲƲ죬ö˵ʲô

Ŵȥ˴ЩǿʢҲûǿȥ
￿Ŵߣ㷢ڷ裬使ޣ·һ쳾ʹ
춢һʱûƿĿ⡣
Ưɣ

ȷʵƯܲܲҪԼ˵Լ˵ͲƯˡ

˵˵ʵ㷴֤飬һϲң

췭ۣʲôǿ߼
ۣ쿿ȥ˵СޣҪҪ
һ׹עӰ죬⻹һ˿׼ҳ𣿡
ʲôҾһŮЩѣϲϲ
ﳯǰȥһ
ôòã

룬ͻȻ־ܲԣòưڵϷ
ţ
ǰ
ɫһڣԼôǸˣһСŮôϷ㼸˼
ǰһŰٸǰһ͵˵С£
һٺ죬ˣ治Ҫôأ
ѪľȻ˶࣬Ҫôô
һֺۣ
վһ𣬿ŴױԵĺˮ죬ҲǺʡ
ˣ
󺰡
ԭƽĺһ˴ǰײڴϡ
巢һ죬ʿЩվȡ
ͰΪǿȻζĺȴ˿վԭءͨúеһ·ط˸пܻľ޴Уδ֪򡣡
¡¡
ϯһ˸߹һˣϴĴϡ
һαʮȥɲֹ
εͷôôͣǰЩ궼Ҫǿǡ
ⶼȥˣȻͣ
⣬վþǡ
ʿ໥
ͷǺ£ʿֹ˼䣬Ҳ°
¡
¡
¡
һһø
ôûͣ£
ͷ̫˰ɣǰҲʮѡ
ǰⶼˡ
ȥʿ
ͷλãͰվһ棬Ƭ̺΢΢üͷ
ңжˡ
ߡ
΢㶣ʲô
䣡
һ죬ϰĻ׳һ޴֣˳ªĸ
̼䣬ϵʿԱɫ

⣬ڤޣ
ôˣ
˽Աɫ
䣡
һ죬֣Ժܴ׳볯Ŵѹ
һһ˲ѣֱӱѹ顣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪըСʿֱһ·顣
Űڿն𣬳·ȥ
һһȻ棬ͬСɽ޴
һͷ㣬Ϊڤޣǳǿһٳط
졣

󴬱飬ڤֻŵĲ˼С
һЩʿ𣬵ȴʶʶһЩߣˮϣɫŵһƬ԰ףԶȥ

ԶһˣǴڤ޵㳯˹ȥȻʿңѱ˭ȥ㼺û֮ΣһҲûʿһ˵Ϊߣʵ̫΢ˡ
ƫͷ԰վ𶯡
£Ӱʧһ̳ǰ
ﬣ
һ𣬺ն򴬷Ĵնϡ
ˣʮһ޴Ĵкǰ˷ϡ⴬ǷˣˮԾ⣬Զڤޣǰȫˡ
ллл

á
ҡͷһƿصǰ
ﶢЦղȥˣһ㻹Ǹˡ
ҴͲǻˣ

׶ˣԵģڴʱЩԶ㡣
ֱһǷʰ
䣡
ڣڤϰֺգֻǺһӶ˲ߡ
ڣǿ߲ҽУһѹֱӱһѪ
һڤޣǻ
ƺ֪ʲô丽ܱߣϺͺ޾ﵽղҲΣԭʼ״̬УһǵԪͺ೤ͬΪЩεҪȻε峤ٺܶ࣬ͬʿԪƾáңΪһֱУҲԶͬʿǿ󣬺ܿµġ
ͷ廯кôȻҲб׶ˡ

ҽвʱڤ޺ǿתۼѾʮʿ
Уռǿߡ
һʱ䣬Ƭ汻ѪˮȾ˲٣ʿڤ޵ʳɡ

˭ȾǣȾǰ
ôڤޣҪ𣡡
˾֡
ڤѾǿˣ죬Ϊںս͸ǿּĺһںڲΧôһͷǿڤޣЩʿĵ׶ʱһɾ֮ģ̫ǿˣǲǶ֡
쿿Ű΢΢ü
˿һЩ
˵
䣬˵һһƬɵĻĹŴɽ
磡
𶯣£ֱֱǰƮ䣬ݺݵѹڤͷ
ʱһҽڤӴֱӷں档
ʿ춯֣˶ӣηָм
Զӣ
˵
ʿڿգµʿǻźˮԶӡ
ͻȻһ
ԶʻҴ󴬣һҴڣһǿ׳Ӱ𣬺Ƶ⳯߳ת˲ֱȥ
ǣ
ɽһʥӡ壡
Ҳ׼ȥ򣡡
˽Աɫ


407 ȱ
ƫͷĻƲԣеһĨâ
֮ǰ׷ɱһΣɽǲһͷͨ㲻ҡôôãڸԳˣ
һĮ
ǣų
һ߸͡
Ʋ˫Ŀ֮⽻֯Уͷ裬һ׺ݵ
ССϣƾҲвЦ
ɱ⡣
һ֮Ϊģ淭һκˡ
ɫݣоƲԴʱǿ󣬱޼ʱǿ˲١
Цѹָҳԭﵽ죬ɽǾһЩԱ֮ˣԸҷȥˣ
˵ܲʱһʿĿɿڴʥӣ壬սǿΪ˺ܰԵǿƣնͨͨǿߣڴðȴȻֻǡһ˿Ա֮Ĳʿݺ˿Һ
һ׿񣡡
ֹ
Ʋͷ裬ӾϬһֱһƳȥ
䣡
򵥵һƻգһкˮ񷡣
Щ£ĲʿȻһЩǿҲȻһƣԿ׽ĵķѡ
Цһȭ¡
ȭײһ𣬶ʱ䷢˵һ죬޴ĺ˷ֱɶߡ
ƲһĨ⣬Ϊ壬ΪһǱøǿ󣬱һͨɾǿ߶ȴ򵥵͵סһơ
һߣҲǰѪǣ֮ǰǿ࣬һȭ£ȴǲûлƲԣʹüǿ
࣬Ҳǿˣ
Ʋ⡣
˵⻰ƲԲûͣ£ĳڶơ
ǿȡͷ­
鵭Į
̧֣ͬȭӭϡ
һ죬ǿȭ˹Ϊľ˷
𣡡
һڤʱվ붯ѹȥ
ĮĶƲԣͷҲأһƳ
һҽУڤӴԶ亣һˮˡ
⡭
һƣȻôӴڤ޸ķ˳ȥ
Ұ޻Ұޣ
Ĳ
תۼ䣬ƲѾٴսһȭཻһ͸Ĳۡ
κ˾ܣɣ֮ǰڤɵĺ˲ֲ֪˶١
ϣвʿںף˿̼״Զȥͬһʱ䣬ƲڵҴҲԶƲԵĶԾŵˡ
䣡
淭һž޴ͷ­
ڤֳζסƲԣͫѪ죬ſѪɶȥ
ƲԶ죬һų󣬽ڤ߳ʮԶѪƮڿС
˻
˽Եӣв˾ãڤʵ̫ˣǿޱȣǿߣԼĵϣȴȱһĵֱһ߷ɣίʵЩ
̣㲻ʥ𣿲Ǻܻôֳˣ
ɽһ壡
ƲĿҰԡ
α
첻м
ʮɣԶŶԷ˿˿Ƶĵ绡˸
ԪĦĵǻ⡣
¡һһƬˣ߷ɵڤһվͻ壬ڤŭһʱ
䣡
䣡
ҲʱɿɲϢâ˸ƲƵ
һʱ䣬ǿʢϯʮһ纣ˡ
ڤŵһʱӴɪɪڤһֱӳԶȥĪίһ
ˣ
ˣ
ƲĴɽֱ֣ӳʶ
ߣ粽ϣһһ𶯡
֣һƬƬƮڿУϢ֯һʥɲ
һ˲ѣƬΪ֮ڡ
ಣ
ಣ
˳һ𣬻ݻǧޣ̤ա
䵭ҡҷ粻գ͸УֱƲʶ
Ʋ֣ӡһƬա
ɱ
ͷ裬ƲԵ˫۳ҰԵĹԣ۳һƬƬơ
жǿ

߶׼ƣƲԵĴӡײһ磬Ѫɫѷ죬ֶһԻ
̼䣬𶯣ĺ˳ϯȥ
˳ʮɸߣ·һͷԶںϷתŵĸʿɫұ䣬ʧɫԶƲԳҴֱӱƷʿڿն𣬳ԶȥЩվµʿǵ˴ù˱ĵǺʮںˮŴԶðͷԵǱ
ӣ뺦ǲɣ

ȻڵСϾ̫ʢˣȻй֮޲˸ⶥײǼֱ
¡¡
˹Զ
֮ǰȻصǸСıŴź˿̴˳ʱô꣬ҲٷˣǺ˿³
ƫͷһĻƲƲ졣
ֹһƶͳԶֱﵽƽͣ¡
м
뺣ڻԶ˼ȻȥɣںΣա
˾䡣
䣬ڿգصսԵ
䣡
Ԫ໥ײĿռ¡¡ŤһƬƬ޿ռ䡣
ֻǶݵƬ̼ѣƲԵսѾﵽ˰Ȼ׶ΡһһչִֶͨΣˮ˲٣ڶʿڷ
ˡֹ
ɫĮߣеĸ߲ʣ
һߣƲԿͰԵ˫ҰԹâһһԾء
䣡
ռ𶯣ÿһײʹóշˮ񷣬š
ʱΧѾۼ߰Ҵ󴬣սͣʵȼս̫ڿ£һʿԿһЩ;üЩ󴬸ǲ˵ֻҪմһ֮⣬һʱͻķѡ
ͻȻһɹԻԶһҴϳ
һ߳ͷһ룬ɵϢת˲Ŀ
ɰ
Ц
һϮ£ɫĶ졣
޼ŵĽ
⣬ƺס죡
ô£޼κ˲ö춯𣿡
˲졣
ƫͷĽһĨâ
޼ϣжԶҹԶ
ĵ
޼նжǲ޼ȹɱĽվǿһ¡
ĽɫһɱŨɱҵӣ棬ռȻϣ㻹ܻɱ㣬ΪȡñΪң䣬һĽͷʯɢǿɵâ

ȱģҲܿ£
Ľ۷壬Ϊ߶ȱ֮ͨ¾޵У
˱ɫ


408 ײ
ȱ³˿˿Ƶɹ⣬˶ľ
һƷܲȱȴҲ㹻ֲ
䣺ٸһλᣬжԶԶԼ·
ĽЦ
Ǻǿһսһɱ㡣Щʱĸ¼ڶ򣬿Ծͨǿ߶ն˲֪ĽȻֻǣΣ㷭죡
Ż䣬һȱâʢƸǿ
⡭
ǲȱģҲôֲ
ˣ
ļ¡
ȱʯһɹⴹ䣬Ƭˡ
Ľʯ룬һѹȥ˿ҲԼɱ⡣ڲȱһΪںõĥ£ȴ죬ʹĽоң֣Ҫѹ̫ˡ
䣡
һɹĽͷʯһ糯ȥ
һ˲䣬˾ʮɸߣԵϢš
£
ǿˣôȥסƣ
ļ¡
â쵽£תǰ
Զʼڵɺ«ͬʱȥ֡
䣡
Ȳǿһ汦ڳ˸ϼ⡣
͵һĽɨɵɱֱӱķ顣
ǣ
ɡ
ƺƷңģ
ɫ䡣
ԭ׼ɺ«죬˿ȴֹס˽ŲɴĿһʲôʱˣ˶٣һۣڽõģ
ò˵ֱһֱ൱׼ⱦȷʵڽãһźʯѰΪһƷķǳ
䣡
â֯˿˿Ƶ
Ʋâͬʵһ㣬ˡ
Ľɫԭ˲䲻١ͷȱ̲סһǲŵı飺ôôȱһȱƾԱĲǿǿ˲ֹһ
ޱ飬Ľȥ
޼Ķ飬Ѱرתɱ⣬ͬĽʼǰ㣬˿ΣҸᣬϧԼҪ
䣡
ǿıѹķ
תͷɳֱӳĽѹȥ
Ľɫ䣬ȱֵ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
໥ײ˵졣
ܣϯգߵĳʮɸߣ涼
󲿷ʿļ£ľ
ײ

һ촫ǳ̶
ǵھŴײűѹ䣬ȱֱӱķѡ
һڲȱôˡ
⡭˷Ѱ
ǡ
˾ۣǿһܲȱȴҲǼֵǣȴǱôֱӵĻٵˡ
սڣĽɫ䣬Ӻ񱻻٣ѽ
죡
ŭ
ɫĮѾӡʶӡ˿ʩչرһֱӳĽѹ¡
Ľ󺧣Ĺɹ⿹⣬Ȼã˲ͱɨ˳ȥ
һʱ䣬ʺѪˮں棬ĽֱӱͷɢǱ˼㡣
һٴѹ¡
һΣɢƱøǿһɽ׹䡣
ĽɫҰףѪҺֱ¶˿־֮ɫ죬ס֣ס֣ͬһŵķϣҪɱң죬ֵղŲ˵ж𣿿ĶϣŹҰɣ٣Ѱûˣǿɾʲôûˡ
Цмڹˡ
䣡
𶯳գ涼ѹˡ

ĽУϧסȱֱӱѹһѪ
˷һʿļ¡
ĽЯȱճʱǺεȵĿ£εȵİȻתۼѣȴͱɱˣȻĿɿڴ˵һ仰
һ
ԶС졣
սУɹ⽻֯ɻͷ
նĽʲôҲûзƫͷƲԡ
ĶϵһʿǱɫ
ҪʥӶ֣
֣˵Ҳܵס
⡭
Һ
âɱң
첻мǰһͷ֮һ𣬵һâˣαڣϼһɲǣڶԷϸоϢ֮ԷΪɽʥӣƲԷϴ
ߣһһ޹Ի
⡭ǿ

ңҲƷ𣡡
˱ɫ
âʢҲͽȻڣɽһλȻļǶɣǿ콾Ѫ꣡죬ͷ裬һƬɭȻпѪ
˵ôϻʲôɽǰڵͷ­ȡֺʲôϵ
ﲻмŨŨķָ̣ɽ޵£ȻԼһļǶ
Ʋһеķ̣ӿֲ
ߣһ⻪ʢ
䣡
Ϊ֮ڣһϯ񷡣
ն㣡
ֻһ仰ͷľ޹͵һɵʱѹȥ
һ񻯣ӭͷľ޹ǡ
ѽ
ߣ
ԶһЩ
ûײһ𣬺ϵȺѾը˹ɫ䣬ٳԶȥţ߶ĽĲȱײѾֲˣͻȱײָõǺεȵĿֲ
ɹ𶯣ڣײһ
䣡
һ죬ֱըһı飬ɫĿռ
Ϊģ쫷է֣˳øӾˡ
ʿѾ˳ȥԶȴΪ֮ļ£ٴγԶȥֱԶսǧԶͣ
̫̫ˡ
ˣֱһͨǿ߶Ҫ£

Ųӣֻüһ
¡¡
һ⻪ɱɱײҲǸԳԷ
ɱ
ƲԱͷӼΪ׿
ԭΣǹëնͷ
ֱӡ
ֱӳʶƲԡ
˵ս˳죬šʱ򣬳˰ﻹվս⣬ûһҿ˳˼Զ
ҪҪƲԵƹ
ֹ
ΪȻֻǴճڣҲóսϾ̫壬սʹȲƲԣȴҲ˶٣ңһƷ
䣡
ǰͻս嫣ѹʮ
սǿᣬսһһС
һۣʱȥ϶ЩˣȻȴǸ׿
ɱ
ƲԺХˡ
ߣһ˷
Ȼһ˲䣬ɫһ䣬ͣ¹Ųźײȥ


409 뺣
淭ϣֹסŲź泯˳һ
ͬһʱ䣬ǶݣջأʮԶ
⡭
ô£
ôͻȻԷֿˣ
˲⡣
һ̣ƽĺٴηڣ񱩵Ĵϯ
¡һмѿһȻ¶ͷ­ɽҪӴٴ֣֮ǰڤһ޶ʹʮĿȥȴǼȻͷȻ֮ǰ߳ȥڤޡ
˺ӣˡ
ֹ
ǚiһֱڰԱߡ
ߣ
ŰԶӡ
ʱֵڤЩ£۷ǿߣҲܵס
𣡡
һ𣬴󺣶ʱ޾ķˣһ˳ɸߣšֵڤ޶סƲԣͫ죬붯˳ȥ
ɫ̫£Աɨһɹ⣬ŰԶܡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƲǱɫ޹ǻ壬ȥ
¡
ڤΪģмĺ׹ܱߺ׳ȴɲ
˳ƲԾʱҪˡ
طôȼĺ
ˣ
ߣߣ
˴УԶĴ󴬸ǿԶ룬ռʿԶȥ
Ʋǵ˴ùڤ޶סˣѪ⣬һ𣬰붯ٴѹˡΪ찤һҲ⵽֮֡
񱩵ĺһһγһǿһˣ˲ɱһǿߡ
죬಻ְߵ鷳͸
ﲻ
ֱһ£ȡǺֵȥ
ɺ«ʱɹʢֻǣڤӴԣ˼ɹⲢôǿͱ˺ѣһ޴Ĵֳѹһͺϯ켹һ
һչһȥ
ڤһѹ
䣡
һ˳ѹȻͰҲãֱӾͱûˡ
ںף˳񱩵ľˣ˺һеƴȫ߶סͰ˳
飡
һ޴ִӺ׳ϡ
ֻоһʱתֱһھѪ˳
ɫæһ߶ֻǣЧȴԡ
䣡
һѹ˫ݻѪɫѷ죬һС
ϧڤޣô
һڤ޵ĴֳٴνƷ
¡
ԶƲҲ뺣УȾѪ޹ǵڤޡ
ƫͷסƲԣʱһ
Ӷȭһȭâ鿪ˣƲԺȥ
Ʋһ߶ӡһ嫵Ĺӡ
䣡
ײһƶĺ˸ӿ񱩡
ʲôʱˣ㻹ԶҲ˵һһ޴Ӱ׼ǧչԶ塣
ɵĺá
Ц
ͽһӡͼ۶Żȥ
һֱӱƷһ޴ѹ֮鵽˺ȥ
ЦܿЦˣһɿֲڳӡȻԻ壬Ǵڤڳͬһɽ˰㡣

һ
һҧԪͬʱ߶ס
¡һѹſ͵ĳ˾ɡ
ԶңһαһֳɣڿѪͷɢĶߡ
󺣶ˣͰƲԣֵֻ壬ڤ޿ֲ£źԶ
𣡡
ڤʮ
ϣַоƲˣŭХɱ⡣
ʿѾ˳ȥԶȴ˴ѣв˱˱ǡ
ʿڴ󺰣Զȥȥ
ڤް㴥ֺһУֱȥһӲͣЪѪ˫ɨһۣһû뺣ʧ

˵أ⣬Ͱڳ档
ɹ⻤壬ҲûʪֻԵǱЩɫ΢в԰ס
գ
£ظ
콫𣺡û뵽طȻôֲĺ֮ǰڤ̫ˣƾǼʥغϹҵˣҲ֮ס壬ĺѴӶԷֵӳ
ܹϣȻҲΣգǿأ˵гԽͨɾĴڣֻǣںĸͨ۷弶ĺǷǳټ
ϣһ紵ŨŨʪ

ʵ
ָͷҳ˳ָǰ򣡡
캹գӣôôףȷ֪ôߣ
ҶǴӹż￴ģд

죺
ܶ԰һٶʮģҲ˵ʲôϾԼ֪ôߣҷȥҲһӰֻܸŰߡ
˶ռǿʿźУˮǿٳź󷽻ȥ
֪廹Ų
ֹ
ӦˣҪô׾ˣҲͲˡ

һۣȥ
ٶȲ֮ҰУããˮ
һǰ棬Ҫأ
ᶨ
ԣնУòƱȳ˴Ҫ࣬衭ɲԭ˵ţ룬ûǲҪ̫˰Ϊá
žˣôϻ

úź׸
Ұããĺ档
ˡ
첻̲ĵ˾䡣
һ죺ǰģд
Ͽûд㲻ò磬Ǵᵽķλ

ǳң
˵ģû˼
㡭
ߵĶ
ﻹ·ﻹϣҪð·Ʒʮ¶˺ȥȡһذףָһѪ
ʲô
ɻ
žС

ﹾ棺װŪ
紵ģԭ΢в۵ĺ涯۵Ļȿʼ
ֹȥʮ˱ø͡
¡
Զк¶ˮ棬Ƭʮͷ
ܿʶʿˡﾪȣղѪںΪɵ棬ŷĶȻס
ЩѪҺζͳԣֻҪŵһ˿Ѫζͻ£

ʮסˣ˸׹⣬·סʳ㡣
ޱ飬ǿԪš
ɲǼѣʮе׹ʧǲ
üĹâ˸ʶûһͷͷ­ڣֱѰԷʶ
κüĵĹʧϷ
š
䣬Ǹȥ
ѪҺζһںڶԷʶѰ˺ľλá
Ȼ֪ʲôƲֹһʼôͺˡ
󣬺ܿԶȥ
һۣչȥ
һ죬Ͱǰһ޴ĵ죬Ϲֺʣ졣
ǵˣ
ϲ


410 ɱ
Ͱһ뿪λãǰһ죬ܴϸǲ˸ָĲԾľһϢתǳˡ
Զʱ
쾪ȡ
Ʋ죺˵ǴԶʱƵģװ
̧־һСѾͷǷ̡
ĥֱ˹ȥ
Ҹ͸ĸ׶ûùң⼸춼Һüˡҧ㣡

캹գϴ󾢲ŰѰƿһӡ
צҪȥ
֣ҧˣûһŮˣСԺϲ˲Ҫ㡣

ͣ£ɨһۣԹԳǰȥ
ſڣȥƫͷŰ;ðЩ̫ãҾ˵˵ѣ㻹ˣ̫û˰ɡ콾ŮӣƬû㣬ﻹᷢ޲ȥ
бһۣ˵
ΣˣˣԺû˼ޣȢˡ
ĿȢһ׬ˣ
ﶢ
죺ĳֽǶ˵ֻһͨˣȴƬǿϹҵ飬̫壬ҪȢ˰ôӦ˸˲ŶԡƲƲ죺ͻȻͰˡ
ǰȥ
Σĸϡ
ǳ嫣ԼзԲϹľĺܳԣ
ڵϣԸо˼ΪŨϢ
𣡡
໣
ڣصͣ
ЩܾˣȻԤʾ˶ǿᡣ
ּ䣬һЩͨʿ϶СͰȴԵú⣬Ϊ˽ԺǿҶ塣
һǰʮľ鿪һȻǰ
һͷɵԳͨ帲źɫƤë㣬ǳˡ
𣡡
ԳͰֱӻӶצѹ¡
żޣʶ۷壬ֻһ˿ܻ

ŶԷ΢
Գ͵һӳצʱֹסԭ׺ݵֱͫӱ־
̫׶ˣҰ޶¡
˾䡣
죺
˴ԳԱ߹ָǰȥֱ뿪ԶͷǿԳŻµĳԱߵȥգۼʧټ
;УԽԽҡ
νָͺڵԼսɱԴս
ʰ
ôսֻǺһ棬ʿ֮໥ɱ̽ѰֱأѰϡҩھϵͨڣƬڻǿµĹأһѰıǺܶࡣ

ͷȻ
߲ԶڵĹ߱û谵ȴǸŨ
𣡡
ѪɷϢϻص̲סĵ׷
ɫ糣ͰﲢͬУǰȥ
ѾŨȴûоһ˿ѹ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
谵Ŀռƿ֮ǿϮ
ճڡ

ָ̽âնߡ
۵𣬼ŲҽУʬڵϡ
˲û⣬ǰȥ֮󣬲޴ķϮѹȴǸûУǿҲֻǿճڵĴѣһǳһ㣬Ǳֱּ̧Ӿ͸Ĩɱˡ
䣡
ͻȻһΪϢܵľΪ֮һ
ǰͷſµ
հ졣ɨһۣΪһֱÿһն޲ɱԸǿᣬһհʿȻǶ֣ڵҲõģϾͷ
㲻֣
档
棬Ȼʱһ֣ʱ㵱һ

оԼЩ˵
ʱٴͷ˹
ƫͷҲ룬Ųһ磬ֱӳ
飡
ûʲôӵĶֻǼ򵥵Ļȭǰһͷҵĺɡ
ͷҽһԶͣŭٴγ˹
˼
΢΢˫ۡ
һ٣ѪǣǿƥһͨʿҪǿȴһȭҪ֪ղһȭûжȫҲһ޿ɵ˵ͷǿ
˸âȭչȣͷм䣬ͷɱ
Ϊʺϵ֣ȻǼ¡
䣡
ﵽհ켶Ĵȷʵܿ£ͷ޾ۼһѾӵвͨͨɾǿߵҲΪˣսĺ죬ڵѪҺΪ֮ڣɫâ֯ȭˣһȭһȭ¡
𣡡
һͷȺľ
ſѪڣһ޴ںɫֱȥͬһʱ䣬ͷҲչ屾ǲΣ̫µǣȴʹǽһЩ򵥵Ĺֶηӵ쾡£ɱǿ
Сġ
Զѡ
򵥵⣬̫嶼ѹв
ͷ׺쳹ͣ
һôʩչҸģ̫Źˡ
ֹ
ǰƴɱ⡣
Ǿȭͷֱӵ¡
ȭͷʯ᲻ɴݣѹնͷȺҷɡ
һΣȭɱ֮ǰǿ˲٣ÿһȭ˾ųͷϺɣѪ䳤գʱҽСֹȥʮŲһΣֱһͷǰȭ˿˿Ƶ罻֯ȭˣһȭ£ͷǣѪա
ۣһֱͷ
䣡
ҵĽԪ糱ˮ㳯˷ӿȥ
˵һȭͬһʥı˰㡣
ۣ
ڶͷ飬ķѣ
ͷ״Ǹֳһ˿־壬תӡﵽռ𣬶ﵽռĴѾ߱㹻ǻۣͬ˼⣬ǿ󣬼ͬȺɱͷﻹͣ
ŲһΣգ׷ϡ
Ǽ򵥵һȭͷͷ­
Ѫȡ
ӡ
סΣͷ޺źͰ뿪
ļϲԡѪսȻû̫࣬սȴǿ˲٣иҲǱøӵȹ̡
ֹȥգǰһƬϿȣڲľԣŨǿЩˡ
ɱأⷽϿضһ
ﾪϲСǰ
䣡
ͻȻ䣬һɰ
ϿԵ涶һͷԵص׳ͷ˫ǣ˫۳ɫųŰ˺ҧȥ
ͨɼʿˣ
춯ݡ


411 
׺ݣ鲼Ѫɷһɹ쫷硣
ŲһΣڰǰŰˣܿߵѪڡ
ػ飬Ҫô죿

ڵһĻʳʱħڷּǸطҲǿأʴˣпͨɾػޣһҲ⡣
ﶢǰ˫۷⣬һȡǴԵ֣
ͷʵҲ˼
Ũ۳ɵĶȫɣУҩȶĺô֮ϣԴԼ۶ɣУ嫣һƬĸݴʮÿһ
ϣһ֧Ԯ
˵
䣬һǚi˲ǰ
ӴͬһСɽ㺧ˣ쿿Ͽȣһ档
ǿ
찵
ûԥϳɹţѹߡ
䣡
һʱ䣬Ƶһ
յڶΪʵǿԪΪ߶ſͨͨǿߵߣҲֱѹǶ¡
ߴ⿹⣬ͱˡ
΢Σٴοǰһѹ£Ŀռ¡¡
ߴиֳŭ
Ҳ
󷽣««ܱ⽻֯ѹȥ
һѹϣʱһӡ˵۵ɲЩȣһƷѹƾЩƣӦˣһƷֱӱ㽫ѹƵԿ⡣
𣡡
ߴ
п־壬ɨһۺ󷽵ϿȣȴǲԸȥ
ǿ۶ſڣһɱԴɱ⡣
ռ𶯣һŤ
ֻǣǿȴǵͱˡ
飡
ϣֱӽ֮Ʒ
Ȼη壬ȴɲ뿪ǣֱʮɸߡ
Ǻǿ󣬿ϧסǡ
ҡͷ
˿Ԫ붯ͬƺӰڣע뱦֮ڡ
ͬһʱ䣬ȫΪ«پߡ
䣡
һοֲĹǰյ̮ˡ
۵һֱӱķѣѪȾء
ѪûУҪҪߵѪ壬ôҲȵͨͨɡ
԰
ȥ

ݸͰһϿС
Ͽֲïܣܳ㣬ߵλʱͣ½ŲΪطǾҡ
棬ڳ

ͷԱΪµĵ򿪡
ԼʮڵʱͬɽȪ˰㣬Ϊˡ
ҵˣ
˸һĨâ
ȥ·һͬ״Ĺ̬壬Ө͸ˮ

ﻶϲ
·ٳһƬСռ䣬ȻϷȱڶסźͰһһߣг˵֫׳ң̵Ũ㣬ǳˡ
ô
ʵ
룬ֱҲߡ
ҲôΪ
Ц
£˶һۣϥ£ת
ˣ
ˣ
˵Ĺתʱ䣬·һ㣬ӿĳӿȥ
ѽ
ϲ
ҲǸоͨ泩˵ûŨйֻɲǼѣоԼΪʼɶʼһĳ
һתۣչȥ
䣡
âʢڳһɸǿĲ
չڵĸߴУٴͻƣﵽյ졣
ʱľ˲СԪøӴࡣ
˫ȭȴûʲô仯
ѾﵽһޣǴﵽͨɾиǿ

ƫͷȥﻹУһĹ˸
̫壬̫ԴĹâ
΢΢ۡ
Σҡҡͷʼ̾硣
ܿ죬һȥ
һ죬˫ۣﵽյڶ졣
Ӵ
ЦŴк
Ѿȹ̺󣬱һﻤ
ﶢˣ죬Ҹڲǰﵽضѡ
ʲôٴһ١
Ʋ졣
Ҹû㣡
ߡ
췭ۣ˺ңܾҰôƵģһٲ֡
Ŵ۾˫ۣյǰҪҪôģҲֿġ
캹գﵨҲ̫ˡ
ɱҵġ
ҡͷ
ǰ뿪
վֻһͨѣֻǸͻһС̨ס
̾
ԣڵһʱ׵ԺͷֻǽڵصףγһƬͽǰڱ׵ԺڣҪȥĵطУǵƣǿ̡ǰ㣬ֱһµǺݳˣҪǴȥԻᾪһص°ͣѾͷȻһ̾Ϣ֪ӣѵȥ𣿡
ͷǵȻǼõģ
죺
ѾʣúϡðΪ磬ֱһ󷽲Ŵӵص뿪
ս

ΪͻһС̨ףԵúǸˣһĦȭƵӡ
Ʋ죬ǰ档
úһƬУͷǿǰԿɿʿ

һͳ˹ȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ԫ֮໥ײԼʮ󣬼ͷȫſ˵ϣȻûȴҲˣڵĳ١
ôҺɣ

ţֲһ䣺ȫҶ
ͷ޶ѣһƾȫ
ô˵ģ

첻˵ʲôԹԵĳǰߡ
ļ߱鼸֣һͷͷ޲ɱս˲١УǱŪĺգӲɱ֣ÿһζǺݺݵڶԷֵļɹҲ֪ôģһЩ޼ʶӣֱӶߡ
Ƕħǵ֡

ֹȥգѾ£ط˸飬ҲͲͣڿն𣬳һȥǺ򣬺һٶ󵺣ĵһǳĺ嫣̵ޱȾˡ
һ죬˵ϵڶ죬ʿ
ʱЩʿڳһطȥ
ô£
档
䣬ԶһɽʱǿĹâ
ǣ
һоϤĲ


412 
ԶĴɽԶ˶٣ŰﳯǸڿնȥ
ܿ죬ɽۣǰâݺᣬһȾѪڷĸߺʮ

â
İ֮һս֮
ﬣ
â𶯣һһ£ɨɱ⡣
һ˱ɫһǵնУһ̯Ѫ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۼ䣬Ѫٴν䣬˱ն
һҲ֪ս˶೤ʱ䣬ѪȾ˵رȥһĮΨһͬ۵һɾ˵ɱ⡣
ﬣ
̶תۼ䣬հǿ߱ն
ǿ
ü
ѹƾһսԷսطһĻľںӽ£Ѿʮʬвհǿߣڣߵʬ壬ͨɾ磡
ܹӵս֮ͬУ
Χɱӵһˣһ
̫ʥأͨʥء

ʥصĳɱȻϤЩϵϢֻЩɻʥصΪʲôΧɱӡ
棬翹ˣɣ
һߵ
̫ʥصһϣͨɾڣ̫һչâնһС
߻ˣԴͨɾΪ̫ʥغͨʥصĳϡ
һ֣ɹƵѹǰ
ͬһʱ䣬ĸΧʮǿչͨɱӡ
˹ίʵֲܿܲ˶ݡ
ᣬ۵ɱŨڷ趯ͬһħ
ﬣ
һǵâϯգֱӽǰһǿնһն𶯣һȭһ˺ķѡ
УҲ˴ˣĴͨǿߵ֮ɨ塣
ǿ֮ĩα
ͨʥһЦ
ųѪȴǺܿ£ȵӻҪ˵һһƬɽһгԻתɭɭâ
ʶƾڵ״̬ܷӳ
ĸͨǿ
˿˹ȥͨӿҫ˷
üдɻ󣺡ǽ棬̫ʥأͨʥء
ںпɱ⣬ǹɱ⣬ƺԴڳޡ
ֵټѵǸŴߣ
ͻȻڡ
춯ݣƫͷ֪ʲô
ﶢǰƬǰһ壬ǰ׼ҲϹʱĳΪҡʮǰĪһѣеĸּ˴֮ȥһ꣬ʵȻ󡭡
Ȼôˣ
ü
Ȼ󣬵ʱ̫ʥغͨʥغҸ𣬹ϷҵС

ü΢΢˫ۣô˵ǸŴ棬̫ʥغͨʥطֵǺϹż廹ҴߣҪɱڡ
Ϊκ۵гޣԭˡ
ӦþʥأԶûͬǿʵҵļҵ׺ʵǿ٣ȹģ
ͷ
޶Թ˱壬Ƭû˵ʲô
Ȼô˵ܲãн磬ʵһУ˭˵ʲô
﷭ۡ
һЦ˵Ĳҽˡ
䣡
ǰâ˸Ǳˡ
̫ʥغͨʥĸϣһʮΧɱӣɡ
ֿʹ죡
ȺЦ
пᣬѪҺȻˣϵϢɺܿ£ʶѾ޷ȴҲĴͨǿվһ𣬼ν˴ˡȻԼҲⴴ¾Ѫ
䣡
ɹ裬ݺ˷Ӹǡ
ʩչǿдɹɱ˿ѪˮȾ졣
ˣ
ɱ
ѹԵõ

ĴͨǿĮ
ͬʱâһ˸۳һķӡͼ
Ǹӣˣ
ꡭ
ΨһҴˣ
ϱʿ̾Ϣ
ųȾѪЩ԰ףʱȷʵѾǿ֮ĩĴͨǿߵĺһ絶Ӱ䣬ɱ߰
ﬣ
ХһɳĽֱ̫ʥصնȥ
һЩ£˽ԱɫˣķӡͼҲ˲顣
˭
̫ʥһŭȡ
ҡ
Цգһ볡С
оˣӵԪѾֻʣ²ɣѵסĴͨǿߺһ˵Ϊ߳ܶ࣬ѹȴѹƾһսɱʱ֣ҲɱÿرǶԷûôֱת뿪
ŰᵽӵºҲ֪˵ԷѰرԭ򣬵ΪɱǿԼս̫ʥغͨʥرǵ£ԷȻԵЩȴʼձһǿߵǺͶһ˿øУǲܿŶԷʥصѹ
ңʥأҲĵˡ
λ˵ĲᡣЦ֪ܲлȥ
涢죬˸һĨ֮⣬죬ȴվûж˵ʲô
ʱһΧѭһʶӡ
Ǹˣ
ǷôҲˣ
ɱʥصЩˣ
˶ݡ
ЩǴĺʢû˲֪
һ
ԶСֹ˾䡣
̫ʥغͨʥĸɫһԱɭ
ƾһˣҲҶǶ֣Ҳɱˣ
Ѱ·
һɱ
ԺɭȻ
Ǹն̫ʥغͨʥͨǿߣޣίʵС
ɱ
ɱ̼䣬ʮǿ߹
ЩĶԾдʵҲ죬˿̣ʮһ֣ǵƲò˵Щ¡
ޱ飬ݻסһС
粽һհǿǰֱһѹ¡
ۣ
Ѫ⽦䣬˱ķѣֱӴӿ׹䡣
⡭
һհǿߣȻȻһƸˣ
̬
˵
ЦΪ̫𣬸Ƕ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһը̫
ˣ
̫ʥһŭУ̫ʥصˡ
ƫͷǚiһֱӱ˹ȥ
һȭֱһȭ¡
񣡡
̫ʥŭȣһʿѣȻԴǽ빥̧֣ӥץ״ץȭͷ
ȭצתײһ۵һ̫ʥصֱӱơ
㡭
·
쵭Į
ѾǰȻԷϢĻᣬȭٴѹ¡


413 ն
񱩵һȭȭ˴˿˿Ƶ磬֮ͬһ㣬ļ¡
̫ʥ϶ʱɫһȭовס֣
Цôס֣
ˣ
һ𣬵鿪ˡ
Զͨǿ߱ɫֱӿ粽ͨ󱳡
ﬣ
̶гһɨһɳĵ
쳯ۣ΢ȭ͡

ۣ
̫Ͼ֣밤ǰܲˣֱӱһȭҵķ顣
ܣʿһͨǿߣȻˣ

治壿ֱ

ļ¡
̫ʥصһŭ𣬹˸˲춼Ƿģ̫ʥأȻһͨɾǿϡһ߶̫󽣣һââ⽣գɱˣֲĽâ֮Ϊϯ˷
пᣬ̫м䣬Ӷӭϡ
ƫͷǚiһߣץֱӽ֮˦˺ǿشӲһֻüø⡣
粽ǰӭ̫ʥϣֱһȭ¡
ˣ
һȭѹ£˿˿Ѫâ˸̫ײһ
һâ죬̫ϼֱѡ
ôܣ
˽Աɫ
̫Ϊ̫ʥشйžһնͨǿߣȴȻһվʿһȭ͸ˣ˷˼ʵڹ𺳡
Ʋ죺һֱͷޣ
ˣ
ٴ𶯣ͬı˰㡣
粽չ似ʩͨԴ̫ϣȭȭѿա
Ҳϣ
ͨԶ빥ɱҪǰ
ͨʥ
ҲͨɾڣпǵĿ£ʮɶͣ½Ųͬʱʩչͨɱǰ
ȥ£ǿ֮ĩǺѹ
ͨʥһϵ
ܻʮһǿߣԺԵͷ粽ȥ
ܺԼɡ

һƬããɽ߶磬סʮ
ǰͰһУ뵽죬ûʲô仯ԪȴǱøӴսøǿΪ磬һʱ䣬һͷͷӰ̤Ʋ񷡣
˳ʱʮһͷƤ顣
ͨ
˵ߣϧã縲Ƕ£·ˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһһըգۼѣʮһȫһҲûл
һ߾ʬڵϣѪˮͬСϪʡ
áÿֲ
ӣôоֱǿˣ
⡭ֱɨβ
ʿļ¡
֮ǰ̫ʥغͨʥʮΧɱ棬ն˴룬ˣȴǡʱ֣浲סɱ䣬˫Ŀֱɡ
ˣ
ǰ𶯣סŤ
ĮǰˣԿܲлȥ
գһǰȥ
ԭ̫ʥԼͨʥزûʲôԹȴҪ֮ǰڽڸǲ㺦ͰֱǺˡ
г𱨳кйޣһԭ
ˣ
âһھŽֱնǰͬʱ֡
ͨǿɫһվһâ
һռʿѣҲ뵲ͨɣЦ
һ˺ȵ
첻мһȭѹ£Ŀռ䰼ݡ
Ǵ۷״̬һ˼һ㣬ڣǲ
˵һͨʥһɨıֱӱ顣
쿿һȭѹ¡
һȭֲܿȭͷ£˿˿Ƶ縡֣ǣһ׹䣬ʱͨʥصĳϱɫиֳһĨ֮ɫ
СҶ
ͨʥһɱ˹ͨɻһ֣һͷ˳ȥ
Ǽͨڵһͨ䲻ǺȴҲǳǿᡣ
ߣ
ЦֽӡһöطԻ
ӡ
ӡ˲佫ɡ
㣡

ӡһ˦һ˻һͷͬ˴гͨϡ
㡭
ͨϱɫû뵽쾹Ȼȥͨ˹
һͨϻӶһͷӭȥ
䣡
һʱ䣬ײһ𶯳ɻԡ
ЦУһͨϵȭͷʼղͣ£ڱ˶ԷһƷֱڶԷš
˺ɣѪŴĹͷֱ˴롣


̫Уѹ£ֱӽ֮
֡һͨǿߡ
ĺ
תۼʮǿߣնͨǿߣ˽ļ¡
涢죬˸ȴûٶ֣һתžָԪ
ʱлʣˣһ̫ʥصĳϣһͨʥصĳϡ˶죬ɫޱѿ
Ķ
ͨҧʥһѹʮǿߣͨǿߣѾѹ棬һɱĸ󻼣ȴû뵽Ȼʱֱ֣ӿ볡жǶ֣ƻеļƻնʮǿߺͨǿߣǺ޵ֱ
Ķ쿴˼ۣ˺ˣѡֱ뿪֮ǰһսȻƵ˾ȴҲ˲ٴˣ۷״̬ս״£ûĿɱ档
ߣ
Ц
߶̫磬֮ҶݺһԻһѪɫѷ측ֶ˽Աɫ
Կǿսﵽ˺εȳ̶ȡ
ĮԪһĴ߶
һ˲ѣܼʲ񷡣
񱩵֯һйսľһʿܹչֳ𣿡

˹ֶһռֱըˡ
Զǿնͨǿߵ涼Ϊ֮ݣίʵЩ¡
û꣬

һͼ۶˶ͨǿ߸¡
ͼתͨǿɨͨȫ𣬸ͻƲȥ
ʲô
Ƭû
ľΪǿ󣬻Ĺãȴϲʲôͷ
ɱǵ

ͼţһеһѹȥ
̫ϺͨϱɫԴ𣬼ֶΡֻɲսϾͨɾǿߣʩչطȴҲǱйȻҲʱһһļ¸С
ˣ
񷣬ͷϣ߳Σ֯˿˿֮⡣
˲оͷƤһ顣
ն
һ
Ż䣬ͷƿն˲ͷ


414 
֯ڰ׹âΪʶ۶ɣǿֶΡ
䣡
䣡
̫ʥغͨʥصϽԱɫ߶ӭǰ
˵һ̫󽣺գûԳһ
һĻ첻ɵЦ
ﬣ
ﬣ
һУֱӴͨ
ʶ۶ɵıһܹרʶ
Ȼ˵һҲȻ磬羳ǿǳָ֣ʱֻսͨɳʿɿԺԶԷĹܵκΨʶʶɵ
ô᣿
̫˱ɫһ̣ûڣֱӳʶ
ҽеһʱ˴䣬˫ת˲䲼Ѫ˿˺ԼͷƤ
гһĮ֣ɿɨ˵ĺն
ܣһʿʮͰǿߣĸͨɳǿߣȻô̵ʱﱻն˸һɶ
Ǹħ
ͨǿߣʮǿߣȫȫˡ
ʥصĸ߲㣬Ҫˡ
ļ£ͨǿߣʮʿɸκһ̣ȴȫ˺ʥҲΪ֮Ѫ
𳤽ʶ˼ŵһսսȷʵ֮ǰ˲ܹôɵնĸͨǿߣҪΪ潫һ˵սĵĳɣǶԷԴ۷壬ҪһɱԷܡ
Զ߹·һ߾ʬƲƲ죺Ǹ׶ˡ
ͷðߣֱһ
Ժ˵һ
ң
Ƿ̡
һҲۡ
ƫͷһߵĺӡ
档
۵Ǵк
ȾѪˮ˿סˣȴʼĮȻûʲô仯
ջ顣
䣬תԶȥת۾ʧټ
ʲôǿǾһ㶼飡
ﲻ
Щֻǲó̸ûʲôˡҡͷЦ˵ڳ֣ҾôͳǾˣ
ô
Щ
ҲУ޾ңƿص̫ͨˣá
԰ǰĿرǸͼҲ̸ңʵܣΪʲôʩչͨЩң
ʱΣԭ٩°ȴｫһ
̫
Ц˵ǰȥ
ҧ㣡
ֱۣȥ

󵺣ӴͰͬУǰ̤ʮ
һۣʮչȥ
Щ죬˲޲Ϊûʲôսȴǿ˲١
ǷҸطչһ£սҲãˡ

ͷҲô롣
úѰһƬεɽܺܰŨ޾
˯һ½ҡ
ʯȡһſ̺Դɫ֯ɣֵǲơ
㲻Ҫչ𣿡
㶮ʲôŮҪ˯ȻƤң˯Ǳչأ
ߵ
ú˵ʲôһϥ£תļԪΪ
â֯Լȥһʱͣתļ˫ۡǰﵽ죬Ѿ֮Ϊټ֮սΪȶʱֻתļ״̬ѡ
رʱһˡ

رųΨһԽͨͨ似ԹΪƿǧ޵ɣؼ䣬һһľԿΪƾȡ˵ı˵ıԼıɱڴ㲻֮䣬ǳ¡
ԿڶѰûôпرˣԵʱԴǚiӡΪ֮ǰټ棬رһ룬Ҳúúһڱˡ
һ˫ۣüĹâ˸
رͨӡֻǶʶҪܸߣһҪЩѡʶʶȻܻң֮ǰڵ֮һ˿Ȼʶøǿˣټ֮һ٣ֺһʶԱȵһͨʿ
ˣ
üķ⣬ʶر
ʶѾӴһƬ޴ɺʱƬʶڣ˸һԻټնⷽɺðУɺΨкϵһƽżҡҷ⻪
һ֮Ϊģһɹɱ˳
ﾪѣĿɨܣϣѰɱϢԴͷ
һڸʲô
С档
˿ʶرһʱ䣬ǿϢ
ƲƲ죬˯ڵϣһСĵעɽ⡣
ˣһһȥ
һգ˫ۣ˫Ŀһš

һߡ
ƫͷЦŵ˵ͷ
վϵϢø㡣
ԿرƿظѾͬʱһڱżҲԸű˵ıԪʯУһɨԹҡҡͷʯֻжʮڱҼǱ𣬾һ˼̫Զ
öѰһЩ
ҪѰһԿرʩչʱͨǿҲסҲֻһˣѰڶ׼ĳҲᳬʮ
ֹʲôأ
չ
ȱǰ׼ҵӦúܶ࣬ҼټƷɺã

˫ۣµıУҼҴӲȱҪж٣ΪʲôҪأ죬ҪȻ޵ǰ׼ɣһмãƯҰýе⣬һ⡣
Ҽ޸òã
˵ĵѽѽһúô㣬ίģ
죺
ðߣʹƨɣ뻹ˣСġ
ɨۣѭһԹǰȥ
ιȥѽ
׷ȥ
˺ܿһƬܼڣܾˣΪŨ
˳
һƳ¡
飡
ͷ޿죬ֱӺɣҲûܹ
ǰԭһȺ׼ɼһĻһСĺˡ
ף
ֹ
бһۣãзֱˣһ߶һԡ
˴бһһ޲Ծܿչȥ
У쿴ʿɱвսѪȾ
Ȼ޲ֻһ棬ʿҪѪսгɳ

ͻȻͻȻΪ֮ڣм䣬һֱӹ񷡣
һ˲䣬ڵӦ
ǡм
˵źһλڴΣ⡭Ĺˣ
ȥ
ʿԶݡ


415 
Ĺ׼ȷ˵ʵӦǺ
ԭǺǰһλΪԼ޽Ĺú޶ĤݣԳһȼʥغϹҡԪɿݣǽԼƬǣʱͳƬΪĹ
䣡
Ƭڣһûڣ˶Ϊ֮𾪣̧ͷȥ
ĹһֱգĿãԳﱼȥ
Զһۣ֮Ͱվһңм󵺡
Ҳȥ

бһۣ֪Ĺڶ𣿡
֪һ㣬żעǧˡ
ǿߵĹѨȥǧ֪꣬а飿
򵥵ϣԼܹᡣ
Ӧû᲻٣ôˣ

üͷֱһԼ̫ˣ嵽ǵȹĹȥɣһȺΧҲܻ㣡
űõԴЦҲ֪ѽһֻẦ£ҳͨҲηңϹǿаŻдвˣһأҵ̫Դﵽܸоĵ
ȷ
Щġ
Ȼظ˫۷Ź⣬źĹķ򣺡˵ǸǴϹʱˣֻвʱ£ڡĹȻкܶḻղأžɵȣӦоС
ƫͷм˼ҪҪȥ
ιȥ
㲻Ҫһкܶ࣡
У֮ԪʱҲҩ֮вҩ԰ڷôЩҩ԰ڵıҩƶѾɾˣҩֵһƣ˵Ԫı
һߵ
룬Ȼ֪ջȴҲò˵ĺ
գ˵ͷ
ֱЦ̫壬ƿʶаĿǣĹаض٣ʿƣӦԣãЩͨẦǣһӮң
ȴٸ˰ɡ
ˮ
ڿն𣬴ԼȥһʱмϿա
ȥżΪԣĹֲ嫵󣬶ޱȾ޴Եֵͨʮ
󰡣
ﾪȡ
ʱ˷Ϊնڳűȥ
Ű¡
úȺһƬտڡ
ǰ޺գˣа¶˲佫һʶ۷ʿ븹Сͬһʱ䣬һɸߵħԳץסһճڵǿʿֱӽ֮˺ڿУѪˮıضǡ
΢Щ޲򵥣һЩ¡
ιι쿴
ָǰС
̧ͷƬȺңԶĵƽϺһӴ󹬵ԶԶȥ԰ʯɣȻƾõ£Ҳû¶⼣߲ĺۼźԶ˸оһϵϢ
ǾǺĹ
ü
ͷӦûдЩʿη֪ˡ
ҽдǰһͷݺնԼ߰ɣצӱҪ񣬽һʶʿץסֱ˺顣

ҽлصǰ̼仯ݺգأΪɲ
ֻǣҽϣȴ˺ˣ˶ڳ塣ңȺʿҲһЩΪǿĴڣ˺鲻ǿޣһǰ̤ȥ
ǰЩ޹УǿĿ۷壬ֻΪЩ࣬һͺܿ¡Ȼֻȳ̶ȶѣô⡣
󡣡
԰
䣬ǰȥԵúƽ
𣡡
ѹ
һͷԼɵĺܣѪɷ֮Կ۷ǿߡ
ֱ̧֣һȭҳ
飡
ǿĺܣ֮̿ɿͨɳǿߣ˿ȴֱӱĺɡ
һĻĲ˶Ŀڶֺ󣬽ӡ
𣡡
໣
ȺХҲߣס졣
Ŷѽǳޡ
ֹ
˻һ˫˫ӻ죬̣ѪɷϢ졣
һռ䶼Ϊ֮ŤǷ𶯡һʱ䣬ʮͷݣޣҲܿǿʿ
ޱ飬˵һ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʱ䣬Ѫ嵽ǰĹɡ
Ҫ֪Ϊﵽ죬Ϊ߶չǵƿµľˣȻһͨɳǿҲҴ⣬ЩֵܹͨסͷصĹֱڿը
£
ǡ
ʵһгȴǸ̫⣬˭ѹƵ
ʿļ¡
һɫͰС壬Űһǰƽذ㴩Ƭޱ鲼ĵ
ҲʱԶһɿ˲Ŀ
ȺУһ׳˶Ӱ֮Ѫɣһͷͷޱ˺ѡ
ɽʥӣ
壬Ҳˣ
⡭
Һ
˶Żķ򣬽ʶԶ룬±һմȾϣǿǻ壬һƼ򵥵ҲĨɱһռʿ
Ȼڵһʱоֱƫͷ˹ȥŻâŲһ٣гһ̧ն塣
Ʋ죺ԩ·խ
ﬣ
̶콣
һɳĽƿնһͷ޵ͷ­ֱƻüĶȥ
⣬̧һץնĽֱ˺顣
㣡
죬һƬͬʱҲһ׺ݡ
ң

ܵޣгٴն¡
ھŽնһʱ춼׽϶ʿ
ʿܣһЩȴ˴ѣʮͷֱӵѪС

մӡ
˵һӿ޴ӡڱβ񷣬ƺƵĳѹ
ȻҲһС
֣
Ȼˣ̫Դ޾еһһһӰʮɸߣ塣
ǣ
׼ҵĴ

ܣһʿļ¡
쿿ŰܽҲǱŰ޴ӰǿڵȻҲһ˿ѹ
䣡
Ӱѹ֣һʯ׹䣬źԶͽͷվķѣƺƵĳŻȥ


416 Խа
Իﰵ̫Դ߶ίʵЩ¡ȥƬһʮɸߵӰأһѹ£һ쫷硣
ͣ
һ죬Ĵӡֱӱ㱻ˡ
󣬴ӰӳĴֲδͣ£Żѹȥա
⡭
׼壬ͬɳû뵽ǵĳȻҲô£
ͬڣ׼һ𣿡
ľ
Զ嶯ݣ
ëѾͷ
âֱӳ硣
һΣ֧ˣ͵һڻ·顣
󣬻𶯣Űֶȥ
ѽ࣬ϣ
е
ɻ󣬴ʵأ
ˣҵǼĴܣҪչ˾Ͷ֪ˡ
Ӧ
Ȼ¡
ʶأ
ʵ
򣬷ǳǿ󣬵ʶҲ٣ǿʶҲͬǰ㣬ɸŰ˸СɱСȻһľƣղΣʶɸŰ˸СɱУ˺ȴǲС
ΪԽС̨׼սԽԽҪںʶ˸СɱУԽԽѣһСɱж̫ܣ۷嵽ڣ֮ĺ蹵أʶɱǿߣͲܡ
û
ֱӡ
Ʋ죺Բô
˵ʲô

һʱ򣬻Ѿѹͷ
콫ʶһչ˫ն塣
磬໥Կǻ
䣡
ʶԿĲν产ˣٴʿԾ㤣ͣȥͬԾοĻʶһʿҲԶ룬Ⱦһ˿Ҳᵱ
𣡡
ֱȥֻǻûп㱻˽˺顣
һʿľСȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һ߱·ޣһԾ֮֮硣
ˣ

ǰʣʯһƵ⡣ƬѾǧʷʮǰкصŷšͻʮɣһǰͬʱֽԱߵĺص顣

ӺŸĳζſ˼֡
𣡡
˱ţܣ޾˻
ƺƬػһ㣬һʱѪ죬ηĳͻȥҪ˺ڹǰ
ѽȥ

ʱаͷһʵЩˡ
ȺͻԶŶԷɭȻ֯Ⱥ̤뼺Աߵ֮ͥڡ
𣡡
һ޳˳ڣ
Ȼ䣬⣬Щ޽Ŀʿϣֱɱ˹ȥ
ҽ˲ԷȺʿȥȻʿȴϾһǿߵĹŵбضž˵ıء
ɱ
˴
ʿ֣ҲɱһѪ·Ⱥвʿ뵽֮С

ЩڣͰʼһ̤У߶ʱһյյȼ
ȥ˴ʱ̤һȽϿĵڣɣɫʯÿһһյͭơЩͭϽԿӡйŹֵĺۼȥ̵ܿ࣬ڻ谵ĵЩˡ
ŨעһЩ

ģô˵Ҳ̫壬ɣһа뿿ҡ
ｾ
NɪСּھ̫ԴڵҪй棬ͻȻֶס㣬ʱҲ
ʲôǻΪһϸĸ࣬ı

һȥ

ﲻĺĻֱԴȥ
ŵ˲ƽһǰС
úǰһʯţϲ˺Ļҳ
ͣ½Ų۶ǰ
ôˣ
ʵ
ж

ʱȻа飿
ࡣ
ͷ
һ֣һƬƬƮ𣬴͸ʯţ档
ܴ͸ȥ
һ
Ҫʲô䣬ҽʯź룬ͷƤ顣
ֱʮ󣬲ҽʧ氲
ƬƮأüʧ
ˡ
˵
һ֣һնǰ
¡һǰʯŵķѡ
̳Ʈ𣬺ܿʧ浽帯⣬кɫѪڵر
ѪȻôࡣ
ֹ
߰ɡ
ʯź
ʯźǼ򵥵ĵǱÿÿһʯЩʯԺܴ׳߰˸ҲܹĹиֹϵͼߵĺޣͷʿһʵ
˭̵Щǿ£оҪܳһֹ죬˵ʯźƬռ䣬ڵа飬ղѾɱɾ˰ɣ
ɱĶɱˣǻδĶɱҲ÷Щ

ۣЩĵɣΪʶ󣬾ҲŶԣĿѵга
˭֪ء
ǰߡ
ʱٵĽŲʿԽ֮ǰȺܵ
쳯ɨһۣû⣬ǰߡ
ʿ죬ЩɵǿٴƬռ
Щʯô󣡡
Щˣ
ѵǷеĶôоɭɭ⣿
ڳ
ˣ⺣Ĺò״򿪣һԣ˵ıأ
һЩʿʯڣʱм˶ǰʯ
ֹסŲͷֹҶ
мʿһæͣһȴûüֹסֱһնǰʯϡʱ䣬һʯ飬Ƭ磬һߺ޵ʬʯצһ⼣߲
ʯŵһһƨɵڵϡ
ȻǽʯУﾪȣǺ޵ʬ壬ͨɾΪһһͨǿߣҲͨ죡
עص㣡
һ¡
á

ﲻ³־ͱһҽϡ
ԶʯµĺͻȻһʯڵʿͷ­ն£Ѫˮ˳˵ĲļʯȾЩ
⡭
ˣ
ôᣡ
˽Աɫˡ
ߺ壬忦֨֨죬ǻеɵһ㣬丯õϣͫȻû飬һƬںڶ㣬һ־㤸С
бӰǷ񳬳ĲΣ
Եģ
ӡ


417 ڳһͷ
һĿǣҲܸӦаĴڣڽƬռĵһʱ䣬ͲЩʯڵа顣ֻǣЩа鱻Уʯ൱ǷӡֻҪûƻ̼ڲаʬܳԣȻһ㣬ȴûжԣҲû⣬ֱǰߣȴ룬˾ȻֱʯеĶ˳

ҽлصƬտУʿѣʯеĺһնϡ
⺣壬Դɺ״ָãõĵطԵһƬס
ɲˡ
ӡ
޴ʯеǵ߳˫ڿնɱ䡣
һʿ֣ҽʱʱ
ǹˣ

Ťǰ⼣߲նһɭ⡣
וּһռ侹Ȼ˿
ͨˮ׼ˡ

֣һϣһ졣
˵һʶܼ˫۳һĳ߳źʬͷ­նȥڶԷĲϡ
նУʬҺɳȥȻһ̱վ
ۣô᣿ʶרſЩа壬Ȼûжʲôʵ˺
ȴǲô⣺˵ˣɱĶɱˣûɱģܷ
ʬ𣬱նеĲӴһɫնͫԵøڣٴγȥһɿֲں˫Ŀ˳ЩɫŨͬīˮ㣬ȥޱȵˡ
ˣֵʬٴնڶԷϡԸЩа壬ʶЧֶΣһնº󣬺ʬȴɲܵʲôʵʻ˺ֻǲҽеëȻ
ǰΪͨɾڣʬҪƽˡ
ü
ɿվǿߣɿͨɾڣңԶһͨɾǿ֮ǰһżţһ澳ڵĹڳֹһͷеʮ˸ͨǿɱֻʣһˣӳͨʿڼ¼Ĺзº󣬱ʬģҲ
ͷʬȻûдﵽ̶ȣȴҲˡ
ﬣ
ٶںʬؿڣ֮Զ
ʬҺȻȴֱͦͦվڵͫױøˡ
ɱ
⡭
ǸˣȻ޿κ𣿣
ļ¡
ʱƬڴ졣
ܣһЩʯı㿪ʼԶ䣬մȾŵѪ
ʱ䣬˽Աɫ
һͷʬӦԣʯ䣬ƺжҪˡ



һܿ죬ʮʯڣȺʬ߳
ͷʿͷ۵ĺħͷаӤһЩڵĿ飬ɢŨϢʿΧм䡣
죬ֹ²ˡ
⡭
ǣ
ˡ
ˣֻһͷʬо˿˿ôʬֱ߳һѡʱǱΧм䣬ɡ
ﬣ
Ȼ𣬺ڰɫƮͷʬɨɣһȱڡ
ˣȫ뿪

ʿһ򿪵ȱͨ·Ǵϲ
ֵСģ
˳ȱڣʿԶת۾˳ȥȥ
գۼ䣬ֻʣͰ
㻹ͦԼ뿪ἺΪˣ
Ȥ
бһۣһŽͷʿ߷ɡ
̫վһЩֶβʩչˡ
˵
˵һ˫Ƭҡҷ
һʱ䣬춼Ǻڰɫ꣬ˡ
ö࣡
ﾪȡ
ô꣬ǵһμչ
վ𶯡

䣬ŲһΣ˳ȥ
˫Ʈܣ飬γһʮͷʬȫУһںʬǰץŶԷݺݶڶԷؿڣһ֮ɳȥԶһߡ
Ȼ⼣٣ԱȵͨƷ

һΣϴԼʶӡ֮뵽ʯСĿرһˮ׼Ҫܶıһ㹻ıսһءһ룬ƷһǵȳԻܿ¡
ԶһĻ˫ĿɵùԲһ˵Ķ
Уٶȼ죬ͷʿǰ깥ɱԷеĳì˹֮ͬǰĳǰ㣬ì⼣߲ȴҲһƷǿ
飡飡飡
һͷͷʬߣȭƣָ⣬ЩʬϣȺʮͷʬɣеȫ˹УһκжһгȻܹ׼ǳˡ
һʬͬڷӿ
ʱбУʮʮƷһ׼ʵϣЩʱٰ붼ֻǱʯ̫ãʧȥ˲ԣӶȥ˲ԣǰ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ܼȫУն䣬ͬºڰ׽㡣
һתۣʮȥ
û̳еʬȫ£֧飬ɳɢȥ
㲻˵ɱ𣿡
ֱǰ
ɱɱ

ţѾ߶£ڰеĹУÿһλЩʬʬ壬ǰעӡ֮Դ̶ԷڵʹǵĸȽͣȫһɱ
ǽ߶ޣȫ۳ֻܼ깥Դˣܺܺõƿأ֮ǰŻʿ뿪˵ˡ
ƫͷʯʯԼȥÿʯڶ顣
˳Ŀȥκ󣬵֮ǰλǳԵΪͳһʮڣвߣ󶼱ѹȫʧټЩʧĺǿ߶Щʯڡ
ôѪȣ
ü
ҪȻأΪʲôǺ󣬵ʱĺֱӱɢˣΪǹ̫ɱ¾һںǿ߳һЩǿߵҳ϶ȱͿ֪һȻظҡ

ͷҲȻ
һʯ°ͣ˵Ҳǿǽѡ
˵ıѣ˵ôûʸ
ֹ
죺
ɿһԽһʯеȫų߶£ֶͬնɱһ߾ʬԷеıȫܹʮ׼඼Ʒ

⡣
лʣʮʯ￪⣬һһ֮ն顣
նһʯʱһɼΪֲǵ֮ű˰㡣һȫźڼ׵Ӱ֮߳ԴѪһƬ
ɫٺˣϺë
ڳһͷˣ



418 ˮ
һʯ߳Ӱ࣬ںڼ֮УΨһ˫ӷѪ죬ͬѪˮһ㣬ɢϢǴӿ
һʲô£
ۡ
캹գŰˡ
һʯ߳Ӱ̫ˣԴﵽ˹ĲΣֲܿ
ٶȺܿ죬Ҳת۳ʮԶ
ʱ󷽴һɺ˵ͬĴ˽һ
߳Ĺɱ˹ת۾׷ˡ
ѹ̫ԴһҪ¶һ˿һϢ
촫
һһܣĹӭȥ
裬ײ˫һ̣ɫǲͣ졣
һХʮͷʯڵʬǰ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ЩʬԼΪǿнܸײ
ȥʱһӣ׷ˣ
ʮͨʬƿܣǹһʱʮԶ
һͷźڼ׵飬ǰӦѾﵽͨ۷壬û뵽ҲʯڡΨһҵһʼðԷ̫ԴǲȻͷһΪ֮һ˿ߵĻᶼûС
ˣ
ͼ˦ȥ
һ˻𣬵ͼ顣
ѵӿ췴ֳĳһƣֻо屻ɽײ˰㡣
Ѫչǚiٶȱ
ôһͷɲĹƿרſаʶ󣬾㻳һƷ˿ȴҲǲ֮ӲʵǶԷ̫ˣҪǿжԿа˳ɵĿԻ³񣬶õѡ
ô
ʵ
û¡
ҡͷ
󣬹ΪףʮʬҲһ˹Ǵһƶ
ٴγնٶȱø졣
תۼ䣬ǿⷽ;оһڣֱͨǰ
䣡
ǰԶԶ˹
һŲ죬úһ׳˶ӰȻǻƲԡ
࣡
ƫͷжʱɭ⡣
ⷽͨ˴ںܶ࣬ƲԴһڽ룬ʱߵƻǰһʯţʯŵסȥ·ܻһʿ˵úԶСĶŻ壬Ҵһڡ
춢Ż壬һҴһڴ㡣
˵ţֱӳȥ
ȡͷ­
ɭȻʯţʩչӡ졣
ǰֱӡ£źԶܿһ
ͬʱһӿɽ鱩˰㡣
ǻźڼ׵ĹǰԦźƶһ˫ѪˡԱߣʮʬ岻һãߣϢԺܾˡ
ǣ
֮ǰڵаʬ飡
ˣ
ʿУǴǷӳЩɫ䡣
ǶݣȻӡջأֱӳǰȥѾĶͲҪٳ
ӡΪɽһǿĴĻʩչǵƲν£ڼ׹ʮͷʬһ𸲸¡
𣡡
ɭɭֱӡ顣
һɣݺײڲԶʯϣֱһѪ
ζΣ
Ц
վǵѪɭŭĶ죺ӱС
ӵľ㣬ҧң
첻м
Ͱվһ󲿷ֵľȴǷڹϡ
ˣСĶǰ
䣡
ʮʬһ𣬳ɱϡ
طҲһƬտڣͬû֮ͬǰǷڵʯֻһʯǰסȥ·ʱʮʬУʱͬǵ˽ʿɫҰף˲вҽ
ʬ졣
˵һ쵯ָڰ۳ɽǰնȥ
һҽ𣬳ʬ˳ȥðһɫ
䣡
ӿ嵹˴ùͷסˡ
߷һͷ˵ǰʬһĻ̲סЦ
ǿƵĻˣǰδˡֻʮѣǸоͷĿֲһ𣬽Ʒǰȥ
֣һͽƷ˻ȥ
һĻļ£ܿ£ƷȻֺ
￿һߣĳһͷʬɣŹס壬ǽʯƿȥҴӹżϿλһöˮ飬ٶȣƿǧˮԴλܹ̤֮ǿöˮ顣ܹȡݺảû⣬һͨɾ۷ǿ߶ѵסǡңһ㣬˵Ůˮ飬פأȻ˥ϰ֡
ŰǰĻЩĶһ䣬ͻȻ;ñζ
Ϊפģ
˳ǡ
УˣΪ˰ұģҶˮֻ˳ŵĿꡣ
ҡͷ
𣿡
һٰʮţֽǰһͷʬķɳȥ
߷һߺа飬һɫҴ۾Ӧң
ȫҡ
Ʋ졣
ˣȴҲòϣͰһ⺣ȷʵջףõ˼׼ʮƷԭʯеѾһڱһսһء
гһȡֻʸ׼ǰʯֱӷżЩʸʮ֮ʱͬɫɳռ䶼ᴩˣݺǰʯϣƬռ䶼ڻζ

ʯŷһ죬ֳһѺۡ
Ϊ커ļͷʬɣв죺ʯộǺֶôˣһЩºҲ֪еĹܲ򵥣㼸ȥȻûнǰʯŸ顣
Ȼ̡ܼǲȻɽĻͽƿˡ
վԱߣǲʲôٶȡʸ׼ʯ
ɫʸʯϣ˵죬ֱʮ֧ʯŷǺһ̮ɳ
䣡
ʯź˳һƬƬơ
һĻĲ˽һʵ̫ˡȻʿ˿̲ûжϾȥЩΪǰгʮʬ̫£ҪǿһȻһճǿҲԵֵס
öаǴڵĹ꣡
ľ
ǣ󡣡

ǰ壬·ǰаȫ飬ʯź

ҽ˱ʬɱӱҧϡ
żȻƫͷڵϵʬʱü
ʬѪҺŵرûصף˲ʧӰ١


419 ׿ʬ
ۿʬѪҺ˲ûصף·ʲôһ㣬ü
ôˣߣǴˣ
ߴ١
䣡
֯һ𣬹ǽڽںˣҲס
룬ƫͷһʯź
ʯźĿռ˻֮ڶƥڳ۳ңǵЩˡ
ﬣ
һܼ곯ǰնȥ
ܶ࣬Ȼȴһܹס͵ı顣
Űǚiһȥǰ
󴫳Х屻ƵǱһȥһھ޹ͷͷɢɭȻĶ졣
ң
Цгһն
וּһ׻âţʮ˵Żնȥ
࣡
ͳɱ⡣ΪĽâòֵֵҲΪˣٶΪ֮һͣĹʱ룬ֱ˶
һ屻ɣݺײһǽϡ
쳯бۣٶȸ죬ܿͿɡ
ǰĿռ佥øӿǚiˣʮǽ뵽һƬ԰ڡȥǰľأмŨƮڿУǰνȻͬ
ж죿

˵ĹʵǺλĹȻܴܡ

¡¡죬бӿ˹
첻Ҳ֪ʮʬ׷Űȥ
ٶȼ죬ܿǧԶ
ǰһСͤͤһСӣʱо˵ĲŰƹȥҴһɨСϼĵãйء
żϳƵǸΪԪɿݣԲһ˿ûдСϾܿȫֶκ;顣

ͷСĵãǸûƳЩĵö˵ҲãΪڲõĽҲΪԪ·ʱЩĵýá
ĿһɨԶ
ɶżľľŵâһζǰ
ǣ
ۡ
ľһƬ޴ҩ԰˸ɫıҩĺܺá
ĺڣķҶСǧĻݡ찡̫ʢˣҩʦҩ԰Ҳò˶ٰ
ﾪȡ
˸âĽҩʦȰƬҩ԰ļֵɲݱҩ̫ˣһЩѰҩĶУ㹻ƵƷˡһһ𣬽ҩ԰ڵıҩɲһһϵʯŲ
öʯڽڵһʬãнǧԴණװҩ԰ѡԼȥʮеɲݱҩȫװ˽ȥźͰһ뿪Ÿȥ
󴫳һ죬һǵ嵽
𣡡
ŭХڣʮʬѹ
Ѫð׹⣬һʱĴ飬һʯ׹£ʮʬȫں󣬶ݷסǵǰ·
ƫͷ嶢죬ĿһƬ׺ݡ
һ޹ֱɱ˹
ߣ
Ц߶ʯɨסĴʯ顣
һֶס˻壬ɱ˹ȥ
ŭ޹һɨãã⡣
һ̫ˣ͵Цζ֣ǽìͷǣϣĹҰ̲סۣǸƲԵһһδӹ˳
ͬʣԲ˵˵ѡ

ɨŰȥ
ܿ죬ǧɾ
ǰһ˵ĲͰǿնϣǰҲŴƬʿһƬһȺܼңв˻塣
üǰôͻȻʿ
ڼ࣬ǰ˷ЩӦǴطȥ˴˵ء

Щˣơ
찵ľڵĹȷʵ£ȺйȼĴڣһ˴ԽǿʿĹѨԽտ£Ȼˡ֮ǰͨҩʦĹֱֵһᡣ
ΣǶԵȵģ

ͷ⻰˵ǡ
꣬ջķᣬڱһƬҩ԰ֵߵľˡ
ͰͷҲأȥúǰйʣһǽǽϿӡһͼƣд½ԳкϵĿ
Ͱ￿ʱǽǽϣԳ߳һ׹ӰɱʵʻԻ
ǣ
ԻСģ

ǽڣһӰͫѪ죬ɱͰ
Щû壬һֶκĥӦǺµĶ֣صǾâƿǣѰ·ߡȻǰʿţȻ·ͨ
޷ֱߡ
첢ġ
һͼ۶ǰȥ
͵һϽǰһͷԳֱͼʧӰ١
ʲôۣʯǽڿ޶׿û壬Ҳ壬ԵԻǳһ㣬ȴô׾ͽ֮ĥˣúܾȣֱֱĵͼڱ̸вУ
ʦžܣ⴫
쵭Ц
ȥ

ݸͼ·ƿķʯǽ뵽
ƿһʯţ׹һ߾ߣʮڹײĺߣܼһ𣬽ºиϢƮڿУһŻµĳ嶯
òôˣǰһݺݵĥ·ȫն
гһ㽣Ͽ磬ǰһն
ͣͣͣ
Ⱥ飬ҽ
еĽǼƵıǿͨɼڿӡ˵ƣרնɱһЩ飬֮ǰҩʦʱȱ˿չ˳
һ⽣£һԱΪͷҲһ֮ն𡣡
ｾ
Ʋ죬ö˵ʲô
Աߣϻӽնһɹ⣬аȫն顣
ǰɫ΢䣬ܼȺУһʬƶһߣŻɫӣɭȥʱ䲢ûйȥ̫ãѪԻδãΪҪǣڶԷϸо˼ΪϤϢĲǷǳǿ
׿ʦ
ʱݡ


420 ׿ʦ
ʬȾɡ
ԷǸﵽ׼Ŀʦȥʱĸǰᳬ¡ˣʱüͷĸǰĹδ򿪣ôܻһ߿ʦʬ壬ǶԷϢĴ룬аɱ
ﬣ
ϴеĽֱӳǰնȥ
һæץסĽóſʦʬȥ


ͣһ£Ҫҡ

䣬ŲһΣȺС
ǰ٣ٶȴǲ·ܿǿʦʬǰӡ֮ѹȺ
ץʬ
ۡ
ҡͷԶˣ
Ưüͷһһǰ첻ϽӡȻģŭֵȫйǰϣһһƬа
עץصʬϣֲָѹڶԷüģһתĸо˶ԷںƵŵȷʵ׿ʦüͷɨӣڶԷؿڷһǰ͸Ѫ˿Χ
ɱ
ͷһ
һʶüƮûʬڣƬ̺ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ǡÿһĻôˣ
ҡͷʱ·ɨۣûʲô
ŶҲ⣬վΪչ͸гնһ˵Ľ⡣̫壬սȻټеĽרΪɱа죬ת˲ѣƬĽ¡
ƫͷɢܣúѰһܱյ
ͣ£ҪչһС
԰
չأʱʲôأ
ü
ʣһ
ιǸӦе̬ҳѾˣ

ԣ𾴵İ׹鷳˼һкҪҪ
Ŷ
ĵͷ
һھŽնƬ
һץſʦʬһŰתԶǵڡ
ʬҲˣ
ﶢ
⣬ȥһЩﶢ⣬Ҫκ˴ҡ
˵
̫壬Ҵﵽյڶ죬ս϶ԣһ֮һڲôİİΣͨв
ŽվԭأСӡ
󣬽ʦʬ£˫ֽӡʱ䣬һӡԻ
ˣ
â˸˫֣һƬ״֯
״ɫ˿һСָǣ۳һӡԽָʦʬüģ̼䣬ԷʶҲһ
ѹʬʱɨӣֶԷʶûиɿݣǺǿѹʶ֮ڡʬͬΪʦڣҪһеĺطԷĿԼڡ
ˣ
⻪˸ʦʬŨ͸ָһڡ
ԿĵһƵĹԽֱ֯㣬ҲǳɫǴ
˫ֲָۣڶԷüģַϥϣһתĸӿ١ģԽԽâӿʦʬ˳ֽڣʱֱ߼ڡ
â壬ʶ
ܿ죬ʶڣһööӡԻٳʶÿһ䡣
漴һתĸӿ١
ʦʬʶһıǣڡ
ˣϵϢʱǿͬɽ鱩˰㣬ڽͣ¡
ʱţգ۾ʱ
䣡
ʱһɼΪǿĲڳٳ˷ɢ
ͬһʱ䣬ֶԽָǰϿӡ磬â֯˲佫ϢȫѹѹһСķΧڡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ڵϢһһıǿԪĲĲ
âͬԾֱֹȥ֣ͣ£ƽϢ
˫ۣһƾâһš
ˮ׼ҿȥˡ

һеĺطںϵ׿ʦʬµʶԷһпԼУͻƿ׿ʦ֮У̤˿ʦżţϿӡ磬ڿƣﵽ׿ʦˮ׼ҪīֱӿϿӡơ
ͷѾήĿʦʬ˸㾫â䣬ȴĮ
˫ۣ˫ַϥϣʶУһԻ˸
ܿ죬ʱȥ
չأѾȥһա
ˣ
â֯Ǳȶ󽥽ʧ
˫ۣɨһۣ
Ĺ㻯ɢ
ϵĿʦʬһһŵ֣ʬǡ
գۼѣʬճɻҽƮɢ
ԭض˶٣ƫͷ񷣬ֱỮ漴߳

ӭ
Ǳչأ˯
ࡣָŵ⣬ȥһˣһʿﾭٶˣв۷ǿߣǵÿһ㣬뺣ѾûжԶҪǶˮ鱻ߣһ޵ģ
죺
ģˮģ˭Ҳߡ
˵
߿ͥͰһ𣬳ȥ
;ߣвʿʬ壬Ȼʬ࣬ڵѪҺ͸õ⡣
ˣͷԼߵЩʬôˣ
ʰ
ЩͨʬѾĲˣǹ޵еģ֮ûܹס嶼㱻ɱУǸҲ뵽棬ֲúܣߵʬ붼ɱġ

˫ۣ˵ͷ
߰ɣȥ
˵
ͷԱߣСĴܣڿлдֻһ㣬ʱ˵Ŀιιںһʲôأ
ûʲô㶯ָ
Ц
ɵɨһۣվûô⣬첽ȥ
ò˵ͳһƬλĺǿݵĹǳ࣬һһԺܺΰ͸һִϡͰһһʱƬȺʱ뵽һƬ޴ĵڡ֮ǰκһҪȥƽЩˡ
䣡
ԪⷽڣʿУŭڲҽС
Ųӣÿ϶ӡϵޣ˿̣Щȫ˹Թ֮ʯп룬ʵ޺𣬽һʿ顣
֮ǰֵƣ
˵
̧ͷ˸ԣϤĲڽ֯
ߡ
Űͼ·һͷͷޣŴ󷽿ȥ


421 
һƬƽ̹԰أǰƬ԰ԵøӿտĿǳϡǺѷľѾˣһŨš
䣡
˵ǰвҽڻص
ͰϵӰ棬һͷͷΧܡ
ﬣ
һǵն£һͷϣ֮顣
̧ͷȥվϣг˸ڹԣ粽ȥ

ǴѪϢȴֲܿݿ࣬Ƭ顣
ͬһʱ䣬쿴ΪǿӰˣϽȻͨǿߡ
ʥغҵˣɢޡ

𣡡
𣬹ǾУһʿ顣
һ˽԰ȥһͫѪ죬׷ȥ
ϢҪǹס

ͷһСĳȥ
Ƭ԰ڳ˲ʿǿߣռʿܶ࣬ȼͨѾ˵ǣȴƫƫһͷа֮ûκܹ
𣡡
һǿ˺飬һͨɼĻѹ˹ȥ
˱ɫܣֻʺˡ
Ϣ̫ڿ£嶼Ը֮һսͨͨĸӦս
һâն䣬ڹϣնԶ
ߣ
Զһ꿪ڡ
꣬һ£һ£һ£Ȼˡ
ͷٺˡ
һٶȼ죬ܿͿ
𣡡
һ׷ȥ
ͰһߣҲǿߵ˺ͷ
ȥͷһɫ餣ˮɣԿõһʬѾɿݡԼ䣬ʬؿڴһ͸ӣӨ͸·ˮɵһ㣬ŵĹԡ
ɫˮ⣬ʯڵϣϸһɨһ˸ȫΧС
ף
棬Ǵ˵еĶˮ飬ˮʥٶȣ
ûдǿű飡
ʿĿ¶â
мֵıɾǶˮ飬żϼصĺʿǿߣȻԺ˽⣬붼ǳŶˮ
Զվһ𣬶ǰ˫۷Ź⣺ˣˮǹڣߣҪȣ
üһסҪûô׿ȥ
ʲô⡭

ɻ󣬸ո³֣ǰвҽ
ʿǰ׶ȥɲſһͱһɱĲ
ô£
һ
ۣźһʯЩʯһ󣬽ɫˮεĻУʯһķΧڣطɱ֡
ط˼ǡ
ͷĺӦǴĳǿĿʦõ״Ŀ֮֮ԼĹ⣬ǲ֪ȴƹ죬ⴳУߴһͻ֮֡
ֱӻٵʯвУ
ʵ
ָǰ㿴һ
ҽдָŵǸطһ۷ǿƻʯʱӿֲɱ⣬ѹѪ
ӣ¡
ʯ⣬ȥ˶ݣΪ֮ɫ
ɱ󡭡ƻʯ

ˣ
˱ɫ
˶һʯ⣬Źɱ󲿷ļµ
վһߣԻɽʶ󣬳ʯڿһ
һ룬ûʲôӦڶiɫˮȥ
߽ȥˣ
Ĳ
죡
˻ϲ
˼סĽŲУǰ漸˶ȻĽȥˣ漸ȴ˴ѣɱ͹ԣ㱻Ѫ
⡭
ô᣿ǵĲûд
⣬ǡ仯ŵģ
ļ¡

ҽ𣬹ڳڹС
⣬ҰԹԣ磬С
ûɱ£ڶi
̽ƵرǸԱߡ

һ̣һֱֶ˸â
ڻԱߣСģҲſ뵽ʯ֮С
Ƕȥˣ
Ｑˡ
΢΢˫ۣüٿһᡣûмŴУתԣһת֪ǰĴ󡣾ڴҲǳ߽׿ʦ֣֮ԽǵҪȻ߾ԽǼѡ
ô˵ˣȻȴҲֻܸɵһߡ
ιֻʲôһ·϶ڻʲô
ü
һʲô·
ϰԶָѡ
˵
ʱһΣһӹȥ
ǰѾ˲ʿֶθ֪ƣڼѵǰߡڣǰ棬壬ͨɾ꣬ʱҲ˴鷳˿̣ǾˮѾɣȴǾٲάˣʱʱɱ䣬ʵǿرѾˡ
𣿡
⣬ߴ١
һĨԣָң󡣡
ͷæС쵽С
Щһﶼ쵽ˣ֪ܲüҪǶˮûˣ޵ģ
Ʋ
õģһȡ͸㡣

Űǚiһһڡ
ʧɫι̫ˣ㲻˼һ°ΣգղһֱעǰĴвУǿ壬Һˣͨɾڣ⼸Ҳ߳һҪ˼ܾãȴƺûпǡ
ġ

ŲһΣûͣˮ׵ķȥ׿ʦתһѾ۲ܾã͸˴硣Ȼν͸Ҳֻ֪Ӧôⷽ߶ѡ
գۼ䣬׷ǰ档
⡭
Ǹ죬ȫ˼ô𣿡
ôģ
˵ۡ
ǲ죬ղоڴĿ£һ۷ǿߣУƽһ㣡
泯һĨ⡣
첽ܿ죬תۼԽ棬һȣˮס
üѾ֪һߣȴͣǰȥĲ̫ˣµĴɴ׷ϡ
˸׹⣬ֱĺնȥһâ
âɭɭˡ
ﬣ
涯֣նһ⣬ն׹顣

䣬ɭȻĶ档
ɫ䣬ֻǶվԭء
ͷ棬Խһңһλãǳնâǻɱ⣬鷳Сȥƺ֪һ㣬˻Ĺ
𣡡
ʱһХ𣬹˫Ѫ죬ֱ˽ȥ


422 һнı
һʯʣƻֱУ졣
䣡
һӤֱ۰ִ׹䣬ݺڹϡ
һɣؿֱðĲҽС˳ȥĹУִһƬɱƣʱ䣬ǴƬɱֶ£֮ǡ
Եúңϵĺڼֱӱ飬¶ɿݵĹ
⡭
ѹͨǿߵĹȻҲ
ÿµɱ󣡡
ļ¡
쳯ɨۣδ⣬ŲһΣǰȥʱɫˮѾֻɶ࣬ҲʱĽŲóٻжҲơ
óѣ
庮
Уٴնɱ⣬Ͼ׿ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶһҲǳնȥһƺâ
ﬣ
̶ٴγ֣նƬ⣬˵Ĺȫ֪ʱԽﵽϾ׵λѾܣֵ
һۣٴγǰ粽
𣡡
ٴ
ȻãУһɱⴹ䣬һν֮ڳ֮С
첽Ӻܿ죬Խɣˮֻһɶľ롣
ͷ裬˫ҰԵĹԣԻ绤壬ʶѹȥ쿿ɫˮסͬһʱ䣬Զͨɾһ֣ԴһĨĨɱ⣬ͨһѹȥ
䣡
ٴγ֣ʶй¡
ͬʱӦĴǿߣǿҲԺһƬɱâ

׺ݡ
˶棬ƺ޽Ϊˣ
ɫĮڣгɭ˸ǰȹһΣɱУѾҪﵽɫˮף˳ǲĬ
ˣ
ɫˮΧ
ǡǸһΪʲôⷽǰ׵ļ򵥵ߣ
˿ڡ
Űڴģɫˮǰ
ɨֱۣһĿɫˮ׸ǡײһ߸ɿʬŨӹײгʴˣµľˣͨͨǿȾҲ˲仯һ̯Ũˮڣзڴ򿪹׸ǵĵһʱ㽫еȫΧ
ڣɿʬѾû˲ֻһߴʬûлаʬؿڴһžӨˮ飬ɢŵĹâԵ÷ǳĴ
ˮ飡
˽еǹâקȭͷ
￿죬Ѿ˫Ŀ⣬ֱĶŶˮ顣һ䣬ʿٶȣƿһˮԴõⶨˮȫǳŶˮһ;ʹŮӵפȻҲԡ
ּ֣佫ˮӹȡ
ˮ֣ʱоһº͵͸ֱ۳ӿȥңŶˮ飬ԲʮڣеˮԴܸоһָоֻҪһ˲ܽеˮԴȫٻ
ҵģ
۰Ͱ͵Ķ졣
ݸһЦ΢֪֮ģҪʹá
ɻ󣺡ʲ
ﻹδ˵꣬ʱ䣬ζһѪ˸һּΪ˵ӿʿСıһѪɨУǲҺѪըһѪˮڵر
ǡ
ô£
ƣ
˽Աɫ
Щˣǻ壬ͨ꣬ҲǱɫ
Ѫɫ磬ǽԸо˿µв
úúã
һЦ𣬴ֿĮĿռ䶼
һ̣ĸԳһӰĸ࣬ϵȴڲסǳŨȻ޻ΡңϵϢֲܿѾԿͨɾ۷ǿˡ
ƫͷһӰ΢΢˫ۡ
˳ĿȥĿһɣͷڤޣϢһģһ
죬ԶȻҲע⵽ӰҰâ
ǰڸʱһͷڤ޵Ϯɱͨɾ۷壬طٴˣΨһ֮ǰһǣ˿̵ڤ޲Ի֮һǰ
ƺע⵽˵Ŀ⣬ӰߵΪںʱɱǣǾǱܶǿǣǽˣڤЦʱ£һλ׿ʦƿҿӡѪǽһ¯ҩҵȿ
վһŻΰˣд⣬ϣ˵еĶˮ֮ϣܲĺܲˮĴ󣬾׿ʦԴ򿪣ǼȴƾرͼӦߵյ㣬֮ȡ˳ܺãǳãɼǵǱԼʵܾˣ
˽ǿ޻ΣΪĴֱΪڤڤıΪڤޣˣıΪһͷߣλλãıΪһͷǴˣڽԭһֻͨĽܣеȳ̶ȡ
Ĵͨ۷弶ڡ
⡭
ǣǡ
ϵˣ
ʿļ¡
ܣѪ˸УһѪԻ
ʼ

ʱ䣬ͬʱӡ߶Ѫɫơ
ѪɫŤʮһƵѹ

գۼ䣬˲ҽУѪɫֱը鿪ѪˮһûصףѪ⼸𣬸û뵽ڡѪâ壬Ϣʱʼӣתۼ˲١
úúã
˴Ц
ˣЦˣ֣ӶݡȻȴãѪɫܵÿһ䣬һȫ˻
ܹˣһǿߣѪǱɵǵѪԴò˶ãҵȱɿΣ

ԣһʿԱɫ

ǡǱҩˣ

˾֡
ӣ
˴
Ȼ䣬ԪĿռһŤ
ԣܹʿǿߣҲվ磬ʱһȺͬʱͻΧӶݣǵҲȷʵСƺǾˡ
ȻĴ֧Ѫڣһжͽ͡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըͨѪƣûĴڡ
һĻ˽ļ¡
׿ʦµѪ󣬾ǲһϼһʵɣΪǻڴﵽƵˮĴ󣬽ˮȡڤЦĿϣľţ㵱ĸ֣ȻƾԾ߹ȴ󣬺ܲˮ齻ɡ
Ҫ
еĶˮ顣
ʿΨһˣû˿ļɵ
࣬ѪȻܣȻȡˮ飬Ҳ˿áڣּ̧䣬޾ѪƳֶȥܵпռȫǰȡˮ飬һʹ졣


423 л
Ѫܼ죬ͬӰ㽫츲£˽ԺȻ
ɫˣôô죡
Ѫ£ͨǿҲ֮סƷҲûá
𼱡
˵
죬죬Ʋί⻹
ǲüΪżҲͽ͡

Ż£ѪƸܼ
ıԴ;Ѫҵȶ˷һ˿һϢȥɡ
ڤ
ĴĮһָ߸ϵ̬
̧ͷɨˣΪԶˣ
ɫƽһܶʱһɫ縡֣ͬһС㣬ͰεĻУĴѹµѪֱӱˡ
㡭
һĻʱĴɫ
ͬһʱ䣬දݣ壬ͨɾڡ
ǡ
ƣ
ôֶӦǿĿʦŻİ
˽¶ɫ
ɫԻƺƵɹʣͰС
һǡŪģ
ۡ
һЦ̧ͷķ
ĴҲڶнâ
ƣ׿ʦ

⻰һٴľ
죬ǡ׿ʦ
⡭
ôܣ
ڶĿʦǳ٣ѧģ
Ҫǣݴ֮ǳѣѧһҪķѺܳʱȥݣôᣬȻѾﵽˮ׼⡭ģ
˽Ծ
ЩʿߣȻ֪ʦһƿֶΣѲ⡣Ǵ˵Щ۷弶Ŀʦֱǻ֮ԴһиƵģչֳ֮һʿǱɫ̫Ծˡ
һܿãã׹⡣
üͷܿչ
Ĵ붢죬Ժ䵭
׿ʦѣ̶ֳȵĿʦѾɱһ㷭ʲôˣһҪɫĮһ֣ʮռѪӿ
䣡
ƺƵĻϢѹѪš
˲һʿľ̫ڿֲˣƺԻ顣
ߣҺһ׿ʦȡһϣԻռȫУӿѪٴα𿪡
ֵˣ

ʿľ
ĴѪƣֲǳȴα쵲
һۣݣ֮ǰ㻮֣ڿӡƣ
ЦÿɷһʼʿѪҺûص˲Ϣʧ;ЩŹ֣Ⱥзһ׿ʦʬԷʶδϨӣڶԷڿ˲ٶойںİں£Ϊں׿ʦͲʶԣһȻǰпӡһƣ׼
ˣ
һԻͰ⣬סһС
Ĵ߶Ѫƣѹ죬ȴãѹȥ
ֶЩȣĴ߶ѪƣһվྐྵȻȫֻһʱܿ죬عĵеֶΣϧҲֻܱѣ¡
𡣡
Цԭز
ѪѾܣӣˣˣϵһ򣬵ʱնȡˮ顣ǿȥֻܱǵļƻûʵʵӰ죬ȵѪˣʱʵأѹ˺ܼ򵥡
֣
ϣʱ䣬Ѫӿѹȥ
գۼ䣬ҽ;𣬲ʿѣһʱ䱻ѪƻѪ
úúãоǿ
ЦȥһѪâÿһǶȳڣϵϢڽ
ԭأˣ˿Ҳ⣬ֻǴһ˿Ц

Ĵ
Ѫɢһ̣ɨһۣѪƳطǿļѹȥͬʱ壬ͨɾˡ
ѪЩ£նŤ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿϢ𣬻ȼȫ⣬Դ߶ֶΡ
չ磬ʶǴ߶ͨӭ
ܺãѪ񣬱ԴʢĴâĿڻϣˣĺܺãǳã
䣡
Ż䣬Ѫӿøǿ
ѪƱͺܿ£ʱĴ߶ֶͨθⲻˡ
ֵָһƬƬ֣渲УѪơ
ֻûһɣ졣
ؿ

ԳĬԣûж˵ʲôֻǰԭء
࣡
âĶ죬˫ͫнɱ˸
ƻס棬Ǻ߶ѪҲá
㲻һ׿ʦ˭
ڤ
ӡ̫غǿᣬȻܹ˺߶ѪаȻһȥˣ˸ľüͷ
˶ԣʱΪһ
Ǽ

ɫƽֻƽĶĴ
̬Բú䡣


ҵɱҡ
Ц
Ĵ䣬Ѫһˡ
ҽ̼صǳ̶
Сѣǣ
˿ڡ
ƫͷȥͨɾˣʱһε
ǣð
һЦ
䣬һԱ˸˽ϲɫ
лСѣ࡭
飡
ɫ𶯣һɴֱӽײɣѪܼڡ
㡭
˶ʱɫұ䡣
˿̣ǱɫɣŨѪڣʱо˸ʴתۼѣ˵һѪۣá
õл

ǰɫˮʱɱ⹥ȴȻȡػûô㣬ôܻɱԼԮֱ֣·
㡭

˲ҽУѪӿǸǣȡǵıԴѪ
תۼ䣬˵ٸɿݣѪȫĴӿȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ֹȥ˵ըһƬѪɫ
ĴɢϢǿᣬȻͨǿߵıԴѪʵ˲С
࣬л㽫ǳѪƻЩûǹĴȥ
Ц
ĴЩ鷳һ˸ܣ˺Ҳƽȥ̫ѪƣҪͨǿߣķѲپڣ콫˴ӴгʱʡȥǺܶ鷳Ϊǽʡ˲ʱ䡣
лܿǾͻˡ
쵭


424 ˮ֮
ڤ˽ɫһĻܲ
࣬Ҫ
һ
쵭ЦӦֻɫͰ⡣
ƲԣĴ˵Ļ壬Ӧ˵ıԴѪǶԣôǴ󡣡
ƲԶʱɫһ˫⡣
壿
Ĵ붢סƲԣȼĴڣȻ֪ʡ
һʱ䣬˵˫۽


̼䣬һѪӿ󺣷
һЦٴζ֣ɫԻڻߣײ˹ȥ
죡
Ʋɭ⡣


ڵˣ飬ܹɱȻֱӿɱ
ƲԼ磬컽ɫƣȻһ̣ܱߵѪҲǸӿһ㽫֮˳ȥֱˮײĴķ롣

һĴһѪƷӿϣûƲԡ
ˣͨǿߣҲѵֵ
һݡѾͨǿߣֽȥİӡ˶٣ֵӦûôɽ϶˲ٱֶΣϾһ塣
֪
ͷ
£Ҫ˵ʲô֪ĺ
㻹
⡣
ȡʱѡ
촫
ֲУָ붯һӡǸ֣뵽֮Уܿʧ
䣡
ǰѪ˸һͷŭŻȥ
һʱ䣬ƲԵЩǱͷɢɳȥüΡ
ͽ

˸վںһ߶Ѫ󣬽СȴˣѪƵǣ޷Ӷݡ
¡¡
Ѫ纣˷ѹƲԡ
飡
Ʋ⣬㱻ɨ˳ȥѪϡ
磬ʶӡֶȺƲչֵѪơ
ߣҲ΢Ʋĺܿ£ͨǿתۼͱѪˣڣƲȴֵסЩѪƣ֧
ܺãڤ֮ǰ㣬ȻǶԵģ㳬˱󣡡
ټһ
һ˵
ʱ䣬ѪƸܼ嫺һӿƲԡ
䣡
ѪĴƲԱƵһˣˡ
ˣ
ڤ
һƲܣѪһѹ˹ȥ
һĻʿһ
ˣ
૵
Ѫƴȥֵ͵ס
춢Ǳߣ涢ǱߣҲǶǱߣһҲ
ɱǻЩ
ƲԺ
һͷһյеƣоһɼΪֲĲ
ȱĵ
˾С
âֱֱĶŻ塣
һĻ⡣
䣡
еһʱ䣬Ƭռ䶼ҡΣʱеѪȫ𿪡
Ĵͬʱ¶ݣ⡣
ȱΣվֻǲȱģûʲôã
ѹǳ£

˿ڡ
ѪƸӾˣͬһɺӰ׹ȥ
ƲԴԻ屾Դ߶еƣһɹɿֱֲ֮ӻѪơ
ҿ
һеϣѪһȱڡ
Ĵʱɫֹ
ƿشѪӿϣҪȱڡ
ûԥɭȻɨ죬ֱӻһ˳ȥſ񣬵ȴɵΧܵĸͨ۷ϣȻвȱ֣Ҳֵܵסˣ뿪õѡ
ವһһԶȥ

ĸĿŭݡ
һӣʧνܴ
Ƚȱڶס
һ˵ͨǸȱӡ
һŭѪһҪͨȱڶߵ˶ʱҽУ۵һը
죬Ҳߣ

ĸϵĺöܶࡣ

ۣʱˣ㻹ʲôأ
СѾͷ
ŪԴ
Զü죬Ĵ
ĸ䣬ӣ˺ܲˡ
ʱ䣬ƬڣһѪֱը
ֵ࣬ˣ

ڷŵĹУѾ˲پѪǿ˲١
˵Ļ䣬ƬռѪƱøӿЩ֮ǰǿ
ɣҲˡ

һһƬռڣɫԻͬһ᲻ɴݵ񽣣һ̣Щɫȫ໥ۺϳһ𣬻ʮͷŭŲ񷷢˵Х
Ѫһζͬˮһ
㡭
İɫ䣬оѪǿʼζ
Цָ̧ᵯʱиɫзƣйɱƣ鲼ʮռ䣺ΪˣˣͷǵͼΪ׼˴񡣡ʼԵĿӡ˷ѪƵӡͨͨǿߺͻȡʱ䣬̺ùɱ
㡭
𣡡
ХԷƵѪƣԾʮͷŭɱƹ
ȻɱƹɱĸǴ߶žʮͷŭ˷ЩطÿһﶼѪӡתһԾʮͷŭΪֱӽƬѪƱΡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ죬ѪһѺۡ
ĸɫ׿ʦµѪ󣬾Ȼƻˣ

Х
ʿǴϲһʱ䣬Իҵĳߡ
һŭ䣬ֱӿ絽ڡ
࣡Ȼҵȣ
˫Ŀ
ԭ˳ᢣڴˣҪһʿԼȴ룬Լ˲õһУȻһССվʿ߽ˣŭ
ǡһЦ㷴ѡ
Ҫҧֱ£
ЩɱƣҲĥѪƣвǣ
ˣ
һѹϡ
ﶯݣ׼֧ͨĸͨ۷ǿߣҴ⡣
ﬣ
û뿪ʶ󣬶׼ˡ
һЦô⣬һˣ㹻ˡ
˵ţǰһУһö
ˮ飡
ĸݡ
˵Ѫ󸲸Ƿܺ󣬶ˮ޷ӦˮԴڿɲһˡŻ䣬Ԫע붨ˮڣʱ䣬ⷽΪ֮һתۼѣ˷һκ˳ϰɸߡ
¡
ƥ˷ܣ̺޾ĻͶһƬӰ
̧ͷܵĺˣɴ˫ۡ
ȻһߵҲΪ֮ݣһĻֱǴȻ漣
ĸɫֹס˱ĽŲ
ǶǺǸܸоЩеĿֲǳľˡ
ˡ춢ˣ۵߶ȣӦöɣϵĺöԺˮǡһ䣬ǶǺǱˮؾԻΪ޵ʷϵ̸


425 ѹĴ
ĴɫǺѿͨɾ۷ĴڣȻһվʿвֱ


վһܱӿȥ
жˮΣΪ̫ͣվֻվζѣʮС硣Ϊܽˮܴ߶٣Ϊܺҵ

䣡
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ĺ𣬹ǿᵽ㡣
Ĵоһ̺ĻϢЩȣܿͻع񣬱侲ǽԴͨɾ۷壬ֻһܿ뵽ĸǿһ𣬸жˮ졣
𡣡ЦΪֻжˮ飿
ĴһЦЦı顣
Ĵ񺮹⣬ıܲˡ
Ҫװģ
ڤĵһ̱ͻأһɫٱ䡣
ͬʱڤԱߣʹ
ʲô
ͬʱס졣
ʱ˼֪ڵʹԺǰйء
һЦǰһҲ˵𣬺ܿǾͻˡ
֮ǰɫƽͨǿߴʱڴƣƷԪԸܣܶѹΪĴɵ˵Ѫ⾫Ҳһڣ˿̣ˡ
˶ݣԳ˼뵽Щʲô
ֽţ
ڤ
ˣϧû
Ц
ǰ粽ÿһ£ϱһɫԻ֯ܡ
⡭
ƣɺˣ졭
𣡾Ȼ󶼻᣿
ļ¡
ﶢ죬ԲĿ
һʵЩ˼飬Ĵѹڴˣһ־ȴһ֪ˣ߽һУҴ˿̾ȻѹסĴǿߡ
һʲô֪ǲң
ݺĥ
һߣ˸ЩâЩԾ
˱Ͼͬһ㣬ֻԶһ£ٴλָԭ̬
УɨӺһķĺƿһŻ
޹صˣȫȥ
˵
Ļʿһϲһߵлһ߳ȥ
ƿ֮˶򿪵ǵŻطѾ첼ƣҲҵʹУһʱ᲻ܺõˣʱǲǾûһ˿ô
һһͷȫɫƹɣ˳ȥ
˭ˡ
ǰ
ĸ죬кŨɱⰻȻ
Ǿֱɱ㣡

һһɵϯܣޱȺƴ
ȻҲǶչܼͨӰû
ǱϾͨɾ۷ǿڣ֪˿̵ľƶԼ˺ܲǼǿ̬֮ȴŭֱӳ֣칥ɱȥ
һʱ䣬ѹ䣬š
壬ܷӳ۷ʱİ˳սҲҶ
쵭Į
תһһϣɫ
˷ܣӿ͸Щƣһɱ⣬նա
һĻĴٴһ𣬽Ըоһ˿в
һοӡɱ󣬻죬֡

£ܼɱֱӳĴ䣬ÿһɱԺܺˡ
֮ڶɫɱͬལâնʮ
ͣ
ͨնɱ̫ˣʱͨն˸ķѡ
һХƴʵſ˺ҧ¡
ˣ
â֯ʮͬзᡣ
ȥƬϣ˷ÿһռ϶ɫԻЩԽԽ𶯣ÿһ𶯣ɫɱԻ
ɱ

ҧ
ɫһѹܣɢž˵ɱ⣬Ŀռ䶼ڲסŤ
ͬһʱ䣬ڵڶʱڱϸǵԷӳ۷ս
ӿ뿪
طӡɱ뿪ⷽɱκβǣ
ߣ
˳С
аɸߣǣȼĴڶԣ㲻ʲô
̧ͷȻһЦ
Ŷˮ飬һܵĺ˶ʱӿ£˺ݺѹ¡
Զˮ˺ˣĻϢ֪ʱɫȺ˻Уĵ¡
Ư
̲ס
һߣܵĺˣĴе㾫âӿ
˺ǱǵȺ˻УǶѪ
Σ
粽ˡ
ӡһɱƣټжˮ֣޾ˡ
࣡
Ĵɫ䡣
粽ˣɫƽǵĵ̶ҿԲɱǣ򣬽ǺǺڣǵסҡ
˶죬ҧɫѿΪ˵ʵԭͨɾ۷ǿڣڣ˳սӲֿܼɱƣټжˮڣһ֮Ĳֱӱ㱻ˣڣȻ˺ҲĶ֡
ɵ࣡

ƫͷһʱɫɱһ㽫ɡ
ʸ˵Ļ
ĵ
죬иֳŨŨɱ⣬̲ס
䣡
֮ΪģһɹѪâɢֱӻһɾ׿ˡ
ı壬˿̣Ի壬Ϣʱÿ
ôߣ
ﾪȡ
ıɳ鲼ɫۼףһ˵ĺѪϢ
һ¶ģס
Ҳϣ

Ҳչ壬һʱ䣬ͷƬռӻѪ죬̣Ǵһ˵Ϣ볯ɱȥ
ߣ
ߡ
һϣɫƷ貵Ĺâһɱ˷£֮ǰҲֲ֪˶ٱնգÿһƬռ䶼ˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ĵ¶壬ϢǿˣĿҲøࡣһʱ䣬һɱ£ǵնһѪۣطɭɭ׹Ƕ¶˳
𣡡
ͷƹɵ𣬸԰βĽ˳ʮԶ
ٴλ˺ۣڿѪ
ۣڣԽռıｻ˰ɣ
㡭
Ĵɫ࣬ŭ㡣
ôǲԸ⣿
һЦ
һ̣ϵЦʧ˫ֻɫƳ󣬶ˮޱˮԴӿɱ֮һ𣬻ĺ󽣡
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ĽХƬռ䶼˽ʮȡ
ʱ䣬󲻽ıԸ
Ц


426 
ܼıܣɱƺͶˮĿˮ֮һǵίʵЩ£Щ鲼Ƭռÿһ䣬ȫȫķˡ׼ˣ˸ɭɭ⣬˲ļ¸С
㡭
죬˽
ǿǣȻǸоϢĿֲʱ˿̣Ǳм䣬ûѵĻᣬ춯ͻᱻܼıᴩ塣
춢ˣҿʼʱ
ԣ˽һ

ﬣ
ǧܼıɱøǿᡣ
ƬռӡܼɱƣЩɱƲ̫ֻǿ򵥵Ļɱ󡣲ˣЩɱҲԶȡе֮תããɱ⣬ʱʱƣܵɱøǿʢˡ
һ
£
е
ۣˣ
˫ԭأһɱ⽻֯ܣȫ֡
ƣ˵ĴһС
ǽ
ҧǱǿͨ۷壬ɴʱ壬ת˳ˮǼľ룬ټܼɱƱ鲼ܣҲܽǸ˾ǲò
Ͷˡ
ۡ
ڤɫѿ̧ɨƬɹ⣬ɲݣӦоСУƷнöƷȸǲ٣ɲҩҲǶľˡҪǣһöƷϵȱʱע⡣
ǡ浤
¶â
ΪҩʦһһƷҩʦȻ֪浤ȶǳǴԪıҩôһö浤վʿϣ԰ʿڶʱڽԪһ˵Ĵȣ̶Ϊ
ⱦһڴﵽ۷壬пܿء
а
һ֣жȫ
콫жڤս˫ȭһʹı顣ЩٶµĲƸȴһ䱻ȫ˹ȥ
бڤһۣˣˡ
ҧɫΪѿ
ֻǣȴ޿κΡ
Ⱥ̧֣ɨƬ⣬伸ۻһСɽ
Թ£УƷټƷıൽ壬ɲݸǶľˡңУ˲ٹžľȻ㶥⣬ҲǶóȥһһļ۸
⣬УƷǽ˿رҪ⣬ö浤ҲǼΪ뿪ֻҪһĵطһܹڶݵʱ뵽յ죬ʱսضһ¥
ͻȻĿ΢һƤϡ
ƤͨϿӡණŤŤ·һȺɽƤв죬һ˿ȻʱƤϣǸӦ˵ĲҪ֪ĲҲǴǿ߲ӵУҲ˵ƤҲǳԴǿ֮֡
ʲô
쿴
ǵãⶫȡ
ɨƤһۣһͼӡĵط֪ƤżȻãѾкܶˣնϣղڣоôֻ꣬óӦһͼƣȫ֪
ۣƤ
Ƥϵıʻȷʵһͼ
Ƥ룬ȵڵһ͵ڶûС
ϵɽͣڸϲ⣬žϵɽʲô
΢΢ü
һٳԴǿߵĹžͼɲΪûĿԱǣžϿ̻ڵأﶨȻʲô˲öԳ˼žС׼֮ٳһЩʱúо
ͬʱһ֣еıȫյ
뿪˰ɣ
ڤ
˶սȭͷɫԵúܲÿ˫ɱڽ֯
̧ͷˣһ
Ȼ
˵
䣬ܼ֮ı𶯣볯Ĵ䡣
һյˣһѷ졣
ˣǣ
ŭ
һ
Զۣû뵽Ĵбغ󣬾ȻֱӶ֣ɱˡ
һĨâܿȥ
УЦ̧𣬸ɱâѹ¡
ɡ
Ĵֻô֡
ʱ䣬ɱâӿȥ˸¡
ڴˣҪΪҩҪɱǣôܷŹԷңĵһʱŹˣȵڳضתɱ˸ͨ۷ǿߣ˵ʲôʱͿΣԼԼѶԣɾһѣûôɵ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʮɱ𣬺ƺƵĳѹȥ
࣬㡭
ۣ
ŭ̼ͱһɱɨУʮɶԶ
ͬһʱ䣬˴ѣһɱɣһ̴̼ѪȾ̶Ƭ̼ѣĴش

ĴŭӣڴˣʿУҪһ¯ҩͻƴȴһվ෴ƿǷ˺ڣеıغ󣬾Ҫڴʱɱǡ
ߣ
Ц
˫붯ˮ鱻֧ƬΪ֮ڡ
¡¡
Ϊģ˷һ˳𣬻һͷͷ˵Ĵ
˻𣬴ʵʰ𶯳ա
ǡ
죬ⳡ⡭
˭Ūģ
ڣԿһĻΪ֮Ĳ
ȥһͷȫˮԴ۶ɣƺƵĻգںϿա
䣡
˻ŭ¡
Ǵͬʱ֣ԵĴͨϿӭϡ
ƾڵ״̬ɶ֧Ųʲô
Ц
˫ֿٻһתǣڵƣʱ䣬һͬʱѪһǣƵڶ˲˵֮˵˴ȥ˲Ĵˡ
ҲʱʮͷˮԴ

ʱɫұ䡣
ޱ飬˫ֲãʮͷһѹ¡
ۣ
𾪻꣬ѹķ飬
˾֣һͬ飬ͨ۷ΣȻôˡʱ˶죬ŭͺ⣬Ҳ˿־塣
𣡡
һ𣬺ˮܣϣʮٴѹ˹
׵壬ֱӱײķѡ
һ
ԶӣʵЩ׿ͨ۷徳ǿߵĺôնˡ
ƫͷסֱӴ߶ˮ飬ȡǧˮԴѹԷ
ⶨˮĿˮǳ£ҲǳķԪ˴ʱѾĵԪԴʱҲԷ̵ֻʱǿУԲܷ˻뿪ط򣬱Ǻ󻼡
һʮѹ£ѹʮ
֨
ͻȻһԺ󷽵Ĺдָͬڻʱ͵һ


427 ʬ
̫ڴ̶ʱͣ¹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ڤǱɫ

ˮƿѪӿڵϢӿ
Ϣգʮ󲿷ֶŰ˹ȥ
Լ뵽ʲôʱɫ
ˣ
ȵͬʱķȥ
ܼϢֶ£ƱԶˮ黽ˮҪ¡
ǱɫϢ̫죬
ﬣ
̶һ߿ֱӳɽʶ󣬵ֵڰǰ



һ飬ǱĺˣѪˮӿ
Щ죬Ϊ߳ʱʱˡ
һʯС
л
ƬõģҲΨһѣղЩϢֲܿаﲻҲѲƤʱ֣ƴԼ˵ڰǰȻܸмҲ֪ԷΪԼȰ
û˵ʲôԹԡ
䣡
һڹᴩƲ㣬ĵرϣһѪâˮӿȥ
ЩѪâܶ࣬кɫĺɫѪЩҪģҪǣлâֵɫ
Ĳ
춯ݡ
ܣѪâӿɫˮףϢøŨпղ
ȥˮѾըǸطվһɿݵӰѪâУһ˫ޱаֻǿһ۾ëȻ
ˣ
ӡ
ǵѪоâ˸һ¶صɫ
ԶڤѪâվӰ¶֮̿ɫ
ĺ
ôܣ
ļ¡
˿̣վӰ̫ڿˣǵϢǴǿٴ˵ء
һӣɨƬԣݴͨĴ
ߡ
Ű洫ֱȥ
ˮվӰڿ£ȼǿˣС
ôأղǿˮʱ͸˵ģû쳣
ɻ
ղûУˡ

ʲô˼
ͷǵðɣղźԵˣ˺ʬڡ

ҲУ
ۡ
飬壬ʲôԣ廻ʬѡ

ָһߣǸطһ߿ʬ֮ǰĹ壬˿ѾǱ鲼ѺۣڵһҲ
ԭǹΣǿʬڣǲǸӿˣ
˺ܶ࣡ƬôʿѪԹ˿ȫǹ˹ȥһβСɱ䣬ɱȵϴǿˡ
ء
û뵽ǹȻ壬뵽˺ʬڣɺĴεʬڵѪȫ˹ȥһǾʬֱֲ̺˼㡣
𣡡
һ𶯳ա
ĵһѣѺ۳˷ӿȥͬһʱ䣬Զˮ黽ˮһһըڿ񱩵Ϣµ顣뺣ʬ壬ʱһͨźɫϢܵĿռ俦ıѡ
ߣ뿪
ͳ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶڤǾ֣ٶߡ
ֻǣ˲ŸոжͱԦźʬǰ˫ͬʱסˡ
Ҫ
˾֡
ǱѾˣ˿̱סӣϢ壬ʱڵȫˡ
𣡡
һҧסĲӡ
ҽУתۼ㻯һ߸ʬ
ͬһʱ䣬ڤûӵ֣תۼͱѪ⾫
ԶﶢһĻֱӡ
ߡ

ʱûʱȥ룬ôһֲĴڣǺѵֵס
𣡡
һϵϢøǿѪֱֱס˰
ֻѪͫǷʲôɿڵ㣬ֱӳ˹
쳯ۣʱɫ
ģ
˾ֿڡ
Զ׼ʬĹ˰ڵ̫Դ
ٶȺܿ죬תۼƽ
ɭɭצ̽ɫĹŰץȥ
ҧжʱֳܼɫơ˿ǻû뺣ķ룬ӡµɱƣЩɱԸʱĹԵòôܹ¶ԷĽŲҲУȡһЩߵʱ䡣

һ죬еɱ̼䱻顣
ܵЩ𵴣оλһֱӿ
ٶȸ죬ٴαƽ
һϢܱ֯ߣȥͬǸԵħ
䣡
߶ˮ飬ǧˮԴ𣬻һκ˳ŹȥȻʬĹ̫ڿˣֻǼ򵥵һצӣʱС
ˣһֱӿѪɫʱò԰
뺣ĸһսʼմϷǸʱȫʩΪԪļֻʣԪˣ߶ˮ鶼ԵЩѡ


וּһһԭ֣رϲ޾ĵʲ֮ϡʶ󣬴˿̱߶£ÿһ󵶶·һֲˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ܼ񵶻գն
ٴԶݡ
𣡡
ֱӱ޾󵶣ٴγ׷
쳯ۣԷǲ˰̫Դ
û뵽ᷢ¡
ŭ
𣡡
죬˸Ƕ¡
ҧƺҲʲôڱԴֱӽ֮Ʒ߶׼̫ͨԴһʱһɨɡ
ﬣ
䣡
ͬʱ֣չڹϣٴν֮ɨʮԶ
ߣ

ʬ󣬹̫ˣǵϢ̫ھˡ
˳뿪ֱӳԶնߡ
𣡡
һ𣬹Ҳǳ𣬺Ƶˡ
쳯ɨۣʱɫһΪ˵ܼڶԷϣȴȻһ˺۶¡
ǿߵʬȥôԶ£Ȼǰ̣
찵
Ƭԭвʿڶʱ˿̣һĻɫ
ǣ
Ũǡ
һʬڷɣ
˵ۡ
ģԽԽע⵽һĻȫΪ֮ľ
˷ɶݣʱʱɨƬɱ⣬ȴǲûʲôãʬ󣬹ǿ̫ˣȻҲá
һԶݣúں
¡¡
ǰ죬ʱʱһˮһ޴кʺ档
ҪˣǰΣգһŪãǻᱻ뵽δ֪Ŀռ
ﶯݡ
ںż֪ܶࡣ
ϧû·ˡ

һХʬƵɱ˹


428 װϿ
Ĺӿ񷶼˱һƬڣڿ㡣
һ·ȫס˺·
ߣ
Űǰ塣
ʱѾûʱ˼ˣǰΣգɺȴǾ·
ﬣ
ƳʶǧâӿҲһǰ
𣬱еƵ˽ȥ
¡¡
˳ĺʱʱһ˾ͬĴһ㣬ԵЩˡңŵһи֣һС
лҺԴ뿪򣬵ʷϾ˼ˡ

Һ˼壬ͺڶǷǳңΪΣաƬҺϹʱһֱţвʿðﾭϧ߳еȴ޼･ΪһƬ򣬱ص޵ʷϡ
ѻ죬˵
һ¡
ʱԪѾֻʣһɣɫԽӵĲ԰
¡
ϯϣǹħ֣ļ¡
ƬҺϣȥһ˳ˮ˽䣬ϯȻǿ죬˿Ҳһľĸоżмصȷʵ¡
𣡡
Զգۼ˹
ϯ˻ģʹĺˮȾһɫ˲ɵļ¡
ﬣ
泯նƬâ
֧Ʒ̫Դ߶ӳֲϢѾ֪Ĺо̫ԴǲΣƷ߶ޡ
䣡
ƷһƬøӷˮ˳ѹǰ
ֻǣʱĹ̫ڿֲ޿ɿ⣬ɨһС
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ĵâ飬Ʒ֮ҲϢڿС
쳯ɨۣȡһö£ٻָԪһתܣϿӡһƴӡ
飡
飡
ͰﱻˣѪ

ҧ
һ·ӣܿһˡ
ǰ˵ĺ˷ȥʱɫһ䡣ǰϳһ޴Уֱʮɣܵһж˽ȥ
ܿһҪܿ
ۡ
ϹʱʹڣΣգƬҺǹżмص򣬷ǳеһɽ룬ܻᱻ͵һЩδ֪Ŀռ䣬˵ϰ궼ȥڣֱӻ֮С
أ߿գƿС
𣡡
𣬹˹
һ˫ӼΪѪ죬ֱֱĶŰ̰˷ܡ
쵰

ǼߣҪҲҪеķΧ

ͬʱһĨâ䲻֪ʲôȴԵ˵ͷ
ٶȲܿʹ˾޴һľ롣
׷ٶȼ죬תۿ롣
ˣǺˡ
ͻȻ
ת˫ֿٽӡ϶ʱһɫ˸һ·ӡµƣ˿ȫ˹˷Ŀռȫס
ˣ
â貣̧֣ӡһظ֣ƺƵĳǰѹ¡
֮ûͣһˮ黽
ˮһƬҺǱüžǱøӷڡ£ʮͷ޴ˮһȫ⣬֮ơ
˸âƣӡˮ飬ֶһѹҪЩֶνɱΪܣʬĹ̫ǿˣֶ˵Էѣʱֶֻνѹ·ľ޴Ǿ޴нԷɵ
䣡
˫붯Ʒ⣬ͼƬʮͷˮ׺쳣
˿̾ںϣˮøǿˡ
𣡡
𣬷
ܵɣֱӿѪֻȴûͣ¡
˲㣬Ҳܿ㣡
ҧ
Ϊ֮ǰƷԪָ˽ĳɣ˿̣Ԫȫ߶ԴԴϵע붨ˮ֮Уͬʱ߶ӡͼѹ
һƣһͷͷǹȴϱѹ·
ڣ˫ûڣˮ˲ס
ʱ䣬һɴ֮קסĳȥ
𣡡
ĸҪسзΧ
ҧӷĴ߶ˮ顣
һʱ䣬Һøӷڣһˮ˾ϣһĳŹûȥЩ˶ˮȻ˲˿̵Ĺǳȴǳ£һδνû֮ѹи
ˣ
̧֣ٴμһӡͼŹ
ͼһʱͷųĴƬٴγ±ȥ
𣡡
ŭٴαѹ¡
һ˾𣬾İҺǷ
Ũʮ
¡¡
תۼ䣬ҺøӷڣǾ޴ֱչԭֻʮɵֱΪԭ򣬶ʱжʮɣиǿľγݣһ̣һɿµĴڽϡ

ɫһ䣬߶ˮֵȴ
Ȼ½֯Ϊһγ𣬽ҷơһ̣Ԫ㣬жˮ֣ȴҲԵסˣֱӳд׹ȥ׹ٶȿҪȹˡ
죡
ͷƷ̫Դ߶ץסĸ첲ϡ
𣬴Ӷвסͷų˾ȥ
춯֣ƿߣҪң˿̣Ϊ¶ʮˮеͷųױȵĿֲͨ۷ǿҲס
ץס죬ôܷ֡
ﬣ
һǵնĴƬ
ʶץļӡ˺ǿ˿̣ⷽ޴УȴҲЩΪȫʩΪҲԽ
ǡ
ż
ҺøӵĿ񱩣һˮҪ񷶼顣
ڱ뺣ףһӿϣ֮ǡۿİ屻˺ѣдϣ
ļ£ȻʵѲ⣡
һһ˾𣬽˸ǡ
һ߶ˮ飬ס壡

֪˴˿ҪƬУѾûаϣ
ͷҲֿ֪ͬʱ֣Ԫӿˮ顣
ˣ
һȦĻ֣ǿ˺ˮ
ͬһʱ䣬ѹֱ˸ǡ
һʱ䣬ֻоת޴˺˷ϴƺҪǸ˺ѡǵҰһƬڣʶԼֻԪ߶ˮ飬γһĻϣ˳еĻ׹ȥ
ˣҲ֪˶ã˺
飡
ƺƿʲô׹䵽һϿ֮С
ȥϿԵЩ谵żˮ£һƬʪ


429 
վֻоԴԾЩѣΣֱȥʮźת
š
ظһµӡ
ôҲǸ˵ôҲǸ壬;ֹס˻ûϢ
˵ʲô

첻죬档
Ǹ˽
˵
֮ǰγǰǰǾ޴ʱȫԶȥȴǲôƴ֪Ϊ֮ǰԷȴимˣֵýύ
Թԣûʲôһ۱ǰ
һһľͷͶԵ
ﹾ档
ͷֱһֹʲôأ
ŶͷߵĶ죬ߵƫͷȥ
ݸоˣֻúһʱǺɡ
ҡҡͷʼܡ
û뵽׻ôһƬռ䡣Ǿ޴ڵ˺ʵЩ£жˮһĻ˹ƶᱻǵˮԴ˺飺ϡƺǵãˮĹĻ뵽֪ʲôط
ǰⰵϿֻһ·ֱͨǰ
ֻ·ˡ
˵
¡
ﹾ棬ǰߡ
ͷҲǳǰȥ
ϿڵĿԵúܳʪҲǺܻްУˮʱʱͷ£Ӵ󷢳δδ
һתֹۣȥ
ܣЩɫĹâǰ
˶ǶݣСǰ
úƹһתǣǰһŻ棬ɫȼա濴ȥȼյĺңܵ¶ȴ⺮䣬·Ҫס˵ꡣ
ǡף
ﾪȡ
ףڵģ¶ȱȺҪ䣬ȴɷվһУ
âȻҲϳȻ档
ȷʵֻ棡
ͷ
ףǰȥ
ιҪҿⶫһͨǿ߶
һקס
ֹסŲĶǰɫ档
ġ԰ⶫá
ãҪ
ۡ
ףȻΣյĺܣѰմһ˿Ҳ֪һˣĻǲ⣬˵ǵġ
ԱߣҲĿ¶ɫ
žС

һоâ˸Ű׿
ҩʦѾﵽƷ߶ȣԻϤȻˣףȻ棬ҩھϸļأķһŰףԼֱһָҩƷٳ
ģף⡣
ʱܸоͨˡ
ﶨעǰһı飬Ʒȡ˳ʲô⡣Աߣ涢ǰоâ˸еâ£ȻҲͰһڹעǰһ£һʱ֡
õģҲ¡
ע⵽󣬶ЦЦ
»ͷףһҩϢת̽ǰԽԽף͸оԽԽ䣬඼·Ҫֹͣҩתָоֽ΢ʧ
ڣֿף̽˽ȥ
˻
͵һ˲оֶľˣ̲סһ
ɫӽǰ̽е֡־Ϊ̽밵еƾǰҲûУ
һ
˵ۡ
Ҫ֪׿ǷǳֲĻ棬һͨǿ߶סմһ͵õѪùڣ콫̽УȴһҲûУܲȣȻǳȹ棬ʱҲ¶һ˿ȵı顣
콫һֱУҩһתֱӦǴ̹ǵıһĶҲ̽У󡭡ȣȣֱȥ֮˶˰֮УԱ׸ǡ
һĻֱӵԲ˫ۣ㵱ʯһ仰Ҳ˵
죬Ȼֱ߽˿µİУȻҲûУ
찡ֻ̬
૵
ڣȻûûΣգȴܣֻо嶼ľˣÿһἫΪѡⰵױޱȱ䣬ǼغУȴһʱпܻҽĸо
ˣ
âҩתĸӿ٣һһڡ
ֱֹȥ֣ʼİס
Ծһ֮飬һƵû뵽ڣڵҩâ£壬ǵ뵽ĻѪ֮С
һĻԶݡ
Ȼףôģ
ﾪ
ҲǾȣȴܿͻָƽ԰Ҫٿڡ
ͷȻ˼ǵ˵죬ϾȷʵΣգҪĹһ⣬Ǳܻĺ
ˣ
ǰڣͨ屻İ׸ǣһһûڡ
ԭϥ£תҩ䡣
ҩҩʦһϹžΪԶҩ𼯱֮ɣӵЧʱתҩ䣬ͬ˳ĳɵڡȻ׽ʱûңǼ޵ıܡ
ʱͨ䣬ÿһ缡ȺҪ䣬˼ҪϢһ촽ܼѡֻǣϾǳˣʹҩתĸӿ٣ʹðײϽڣѪС
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
תҩ䣬壬һ׹⡣
ףΪûκΰǶҩʦһ;ϵȴЧˡŰײϱѪԪУͻأٴƷԪȴﵽƷҩʦʱҪɺܶ౶
ֻǣУȴʼڳʹǰ󣬽ҪڣѪԪ޺䣬Ǿҵʹ֮ʱʹĻҪǿʮ
Ƭ̾ͺˣ
ҧ֧š
ҩתĸ죬⣬һڣϡ١
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ȥʱİѾȫʧȫɵڣûվϥԭءʱ򣬰׵ıڽ֯ʹ彩ӲʹίʵԶֻüתҩ䡣ֱֹ֮ȥһʱܹжԭվ
һ첽˹
ôðɣ
еʵ
վԭûжĿȴҲ졣
ͷЦüˡ
֣һһɫĻ棬ܱߵĿռ䶼ЩŤ
ʱɫǡ𣿣ؾĵ𣿣


430 ׼
ΪҩʦĹܹ֮Ϊؾǿɫֱǻƣϣ̣࣬죬ڡΪϹŰ׼ҵĳ䲻ҩʦȴЩĶ˿̼չֳɫĵ𣬶ʱĲС
ؾĵһôﵽƷҩʦ߶ȲӵУô᣿
ۡ
ΪҵƷҩʦˡ
һЦ
׺ҩˮ׼ͻƣֱӴﵽƷҩʦΡ
ɶ
۾ɵĸԲ
֪ҩ޼ʱ֪ˣֻǣû뵽ҩˮ׼ȻѾƷƷҩʦȻҩʦҲǸ֣ЩĴ첻ʮȻƷΣ
һߵҲݣƷҩʦڶǺټ
ﶢ죬ȥһ˵ʲôˣҩ֮һӡƣ㡭Ȼͬʱݲðﲻȣ޵ʷϣͬʱʿҲһ
ѧģѧһһ㣬ܲǻ¾Ͷˡ

ǿɲһѧ̫ӣκһ;ߵյ㡣Ʋ죬׺ݵĶ죺ûкֶ̽ѧһǺ»ǻ£㣬ЩǴѧģЩʦͨһиʦ
ⶼµˣ
ݸ
ίʵЩɰȻȷʵиʦѧ͵Ǹϼһûаϵȫڲ
ȻУ֮ǰʱ˵ɽг볾ѵһֱʦУ죬˵ʦקСȭͷԵЩ˷ܣϾ̵ܹĵӣʦҲһ򵥣ʦҲӦͨǿڡ
жǼϹżƵġ

ﶢ죬һЦ˳
ᴵţƤڶ򼸸Ϲż壬ϹŴľˣдǿУ治ࡣȻ˵ʦĴƵģΪʦǴ۷ǿ𣬻ǳԽĳڣ
С͵Ц
Ҵţµˣ
Ĵָ
ੲݵ׷졣
˰ף˼ǰȥһ·ǰߣûʲôΣգ˿ռ谵Ϳʪ⣬ûʲôӰ졣ֱ־һξ룬ǰһƬڲ沨ԣǱطЩ
ߵŲһ٣еĶˮ
ǣ
в졣
ˮ𶯣һ˿˿âֱָƬԵĴ
ǣˮ
ﶯݡ
ˮ
ɻ
飬ʲô֪Ǳͣˮֳˮ֮ˮ֮ˮԴഫˮǵˮ֮Уӵпˮ⣬ˮ۳ˮʯˮʯǳǰ洢ͨȣǿĿʦơңⶫܴ洢ۣƣӡȣȻֵԶԶȲ϶ˮ飬ȴҲǺܾˡ
ǰ洢ܴͨ洢ۣƣӡ
΢
ֶͷһ˵ôⶫɱǿ̫ˡ
Ͼֻ似ͨƺ͵ӡǾ޷ڽȥ
Ȼͷ죬ҿˣ㻳еĶˮڷ⣬öˮӦǸáȻܹˮ飬ˮһˮʯڣⶫȻϹżʹʥҲǳѰϡĺܣ죬ȥˮʯȫȡߡ
ͷԶˮƿˮ棬ʱ䣬·дɫâ˳
ȥв͸ľ壬ͬǲһ㣬ŵâ
У
ﾪϲ
ˮʯ
ۡ
һɨ·ˮʯԼа
קСȭͷǰ׼ۻˮʯҲʮѣȴô࣬㹻ӡܶܶͨˣȥۣ
ºףԶ֣׵ˮʯȫȡߣС
㣬˸ȡʮˮʯ
ˮʯӡɱ󣬲֪ЧΡ

ƫͷ˵ʲô
ҡͷˮʯյʯУƿˮ󣬺˼ǰȥ
Լȥʱ䣬ߵϿͷǰԿһڣкˮʣȴûܹ˾̾òϣǴȻ漣ⰵϿڲһرų⺣ˮӿС
߿ߡ
ߴ١
ԪѾָԶˮһƬĻƬϿ
Լʮڳ棬ա
ˮĹĻʧ½

һ紵ŵʪζ
վһƬãã棬ȴԶ½˵޵˻
ˣѾԶ˺ڡ
ϲ
ٶȲܿ뿪棬µϴ½
һƬ֣ܹľʢв޾УеŨ
ͷû˵ʲôԹԶȥܿʧ־ͷ
Ǹľͷûڡ
ֹ
ֱһ£˼֮ǰɰ㵱Ĺ֪ж
ֻ֪ǡ￴뿪ķ򣬵ʵҲ⣬Һɣʱָ̫ͨЩӦһֱڳУĬҲȵñһЩɣȴ̫ˡ
̫ͨƬžͷҪ죡
Խˡ
˵
֪ǿǴڣֻҪֻҪﵽ۷壬ҪĴ㲻̫ѡ
˵ɣԽô𣿡Ʋ죬޵һ;ͨɾ㣬磬˰˳ɵʿһͨ˸ﲻΣ㵽ˣҲоųɾŵʿᱻ֮¡һ£ﵽͨɾôѣοǴ֮ϵĲΣ
һ𣿡

ǲ˿϶壬սÿ£Ҹ綼ˡ
ֹ
ҡҡͷѭһǰȥ
ƲƲ죬첽ȥ
ˣ㻹ؼңӦüˡ

ʱˣιʲô˼ǵŮһĴӿ಻ۣӦþҲŶԣӦø˲ŶԣӦ᲻뿪ŶԣǣȻŸߣ̫˰ɣǲ˰
ͷðߣ밴ݺݳƨɡ
˷ۣʵڰܸˡ
аɣҸмСʲôʱ͸ʲôʱ⡣
˵
Ŷ
ͷ
ԣȴЦЦԻãһ𣬵ǲġ
뿪֣һתۣһȹա
һ죬Զͻأּǿ֣ǰ
ôһ𣡡
һ˳ĿɭĶ죬˿Ҳеɱ⡣


431 ȥ
׼ҵˣͨĶ졣

һ˵
ԱߣǳȥȻɱ졣
۾˲ͨɳڶѣս⡣
ǣǱҶѾˣһжԹѾ˽ᡣ
ǰ
ԣɫһ
Թ˽᣿ɱҰ׼ôˣһ仰˽ᣡ
ɫ
Ⱥ󵷻ٰ׼Сݵ㣬ն׼һǿߣŹ죿Ҫ֪ɱЩˣ׼߽ڣϵˣʱ䣬ɵ𣬽˷ÿһ䶼ˡ
̧֣â£϶
ͷ죬Բ
캹գַ̧ȥ
׼ߣǰ粽ɱӯҰ
ÿһЩ
һ˵
ˣһűڳһöӡ
ʱ䣬ɫɫ
ǣǡ

˶ǰ׼ϵǿߣʱչΪ׼ҳȨϵκˣȻֱϵڣҲоԵȨֻǣƽﲢԼݣϵֱϵԳء
ʱҪ춯֣ûа취ֻ԰׼ҳʩѹ
ɫɭȻĶ죬κˣɱȴɴڡ
ллǡ
ͷջڡ
壬һˣǵ£һʱá
һߵ
ɫʱҧ촽κת죬Ц࣬Ҫؼˣʱ䣬Һܸ˵ģллһ档
üôˣ
ܾãЦĺǿЩ̫ԡ
û£ǰ׼ҳ콾ڶʲô

£漴Щ
ˮȡ֮ݸպãҪģഺĶ
󷽣׼˽΢Ȼϵöˮ飬һرļֵҪ߳Ȼô׽ͳ
￴Ŷˮ飬ҡҡͷҲҪŰɣӦܰﵽܶࡣ
΢죬Ǵʲô磿
֣ǿнˮȥ˵ȡ㣬ġ
һֱܺãϲˮ飬ȻԼš
ԭأеĶˮ飬һʱ侹Щ
ȥˡ
ͳ
׼߶ߣߴٰ
һСĽˮ𣬶˵һؼˡ
С
ͷ
ﶢ죬˼תգԶնȥ
һۣ߳ʮɡ
ʱͣת󺰣죬Ǹ׳գ
ͬʱƿ֮գۼ䣬ӰʧԶ
׼ɨһۣҲԶȥ
ԭأǰҲЩסˡ
üܾøоá
ˡ
ҡҡͷ۰뿪ķһߡ

ּ䣬СϪʣ
ͽˮ棬ÿһ£Ǵһѵˮһ㡣
ûã뿪СϪڡ
ڶŨǿһ̫࣬ȻһЩּͨҲǿ޵ĴڣǸߴߴĽиͣΪ˲ԡ
߹һأһչȥѰһƬεĵط
һϿȣʯڶ̺ͣ޵㼣Խһƽ̨ϵĳɾϥ
ˣ
תļʱ䣬ɫâƶ
â壬ϵϢǿʢߵĻܷ˳ΪҲܿ죬ͬ˶ԣǳĿ졣£׼ΪԼƿصĸһ顣
ﵽյ죬ѪʢǿʢԪ֯⣬ż쫷˫ۣ˫ַϥǣļתĸӿ٣ϢԽԽǿʢֱȥһʱͣ

³һ̧һֵͼԻ˳
ͼ
ͼתֱ䵽ֱһֱɵͼͷϿջ財
ӡˣɣ񣬷⼺Ϊﵽ죬ʩչӡǿǿˣΪٽһɳӡڶءӡΪԶ𿪴еĺĴǳΪ޷ӡڶأˣʩչĵһصӡѾ㹻ˣͬ˿ɵ
ӡԪһߣ˫нĻ
ˣ
󣬺Ĵɽӣ磬̫һһԻ
𿪴Ϲųƶսʥݻ
ʩչƬռϣԻ˳϶ʥƻֺꡣһֻֻСһűߣаãܣèСһһҲֱŵԱߣѵš
΢κȥ
վϢһ䣬Ӻн˸
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ߺֳһһڣкȻ׼˸ɱ⡣˿̣ʩչرЩ˻ܵĿռ䶼˶ԵŤƺһ̾ͻῦһ
֮ڶֱȥʮͣбջء
ڴֻƿɶѡ

رų޵ºؼ䣬һһľԿɻΨһһͨȴǿ󲿷ͨ似룬ͻȻãˣֱǸ۲۵ţ似֮ѹ˴󲿷ͨ
֪Ǵһ£ƬĹǸôƿпرһĿر
Щɻ
ֻ룬ҲͲˣЩûбҪȥ
̧֣ϻһʱԾӡСȻ׿ʦɿӡƣҪī;ȶˡڵϰƣƣɱ
󡣡
֮չǚiʩչƬϿűâʱͣʼƷҩʦĲΣѾƳһЩرĵҩҲиĵսһ;Ҳá
ӡرǚiԼƿصֶһһ˱飬ڹâ˸ΪЩֶΣնɱһͨɳʿˡ
ԭת˼ļϢƽ뿪ⷽϿȡ
Ŀƽͣڸɽ
֪ڹΣȥ

Ϧ꣬棬Ӱڴ˿̸ԺС
ʱҴҶţת룬Ѿ뿪һغܾˡ


432 ̫̫
ּ䣬ԺиֳڵһĵεΣڷϦΪھ丮ʶ棬ڻʳһתۣѾ뿪һ̫ˣѾ˰ꡣʱ䣬ȥҲˡ
Ҫȶòܻȥ
ҡҡͷǰȥ
ּ䣬ϵϢƽͣżһЩС֡
úһƬɽһéݡ
éݺܼ򵥣ľƣڱηꡣéݱһƬƬΧǰγһСԺӣԺаڷӺʯʡ
éݣоϤϢ
ϣΧ
֨ѽ
һ죬éݵűƿһ˳
é죬һĨɫ
ͥԺ⣬߳ҲЩ⡣
벻ס
˵
ӲǱˣ档
û˵ʲôֻǵͷ
ҽȥ
Ц
߹ȥΧɵԺţֻصéݣȡ˾ƺ롣ʼûʲôĻԺеľ£ҾƣƸ졣
룬Щ¡
ϲƣʢ飬ǲƴǡ
ﻷǲ
˵
á
˵ǰľ룬һ
֪Ѫ𣬲ȥᡣ
һ죬˲ٻ⣬Ȼϴʱڽ浹Ǻ˵ٽҹʱǳ̧֣ͷŵ㷱ǣɫ¹£ΪƬһƬʹԡ
֪ȥһ졣
档
üΪλ⣬ΪȵڶԣһһЩͨķСûκȥ죬ɻ󣬵ƫƫȴȥһЩ⡣
ȥһ졣
ֱԡ
ʵûʲôӲĽ飬ǣˣÿΡңȥһ򣬱Ҳʲô˵£㲻ǲ͸¶ܡ
濴죬κ󣬿ڵڶڣʱţͨ򣬼ʱţͨһ򡣲ԵһʱųһЩ⣬ӵڶȥһҪһʱŻΣգΨдﵽͨɾϣϵļƽӵڶﵽһ졣
ͨ졣ͨһ졣

˸âܿͰ
ӵһȻ֪һʱŻЩ⣬һʿͨˣ޷ӵһڶ졣û뵽ǣӵڶһ򣬾ȻҲҪ⣬ҲҪͨɾΪ
ûѯȥһʲôֻǼ򵥵ĺȾƣǺ١
գշ磬ǣ뿪ط
ּ䣬оâ˸úŨ
Ҫǿﵽͨɾ

߳һʿĴϣòʿΪ֮ݡ
ǡ
ֿˣ
С㣡ɱɽǻ廹£ǿƵĲһǰ㣡
һļ֮ɫ
ΪǿЩ˵Ļȴû⡣
ʿһƬ֡
Ƿػغȥ

ڹһˣĿֻһǴﵽͨ򣬶صһ졣
죬ʿһۣչȥ
˵Ҽһ̫ȥ׼ˣƺͰ׼ҳйء׼ҵ˺飬ٴ֣һӭ˽ȥ
̫壿ǸŻͣ
ǸˣΪ˺Ͱ׼λ
һ죬Ϣ
ڶ򣬲˾ȡ
ʮ򣬴˵ʮ壬ֻʼղ屻Ϊǿ̫̫塣ŻΪ̫壬ս˫ͬ޵УһЩϱͨǿ߶Ƕ֣ĳɾͲһµˣȻҼĴǰ׼ȥһ䶯
ȷˣûд̫ŻͣҪͰ׼ҵĳɻ飡
𣿣
⡭׼λȷʵɫ˫ƾһ㣬ͬΪϹżҼԴ̫ǰȥ׼ңƺ̫ܲŶ԰
ɻ
ļ׼Χ֪жʿȥ⣬Ű׼ڲΪϹżңԼһ޵ǰ׼ңʵ˵񾭣ȴʼûף׼ҳΪܹͬΪϹҵҰڳôƣ̫ǰ
һƬּ䣬ȻҲЩϢŵ֦۶ϡ
Ϣ̫ͻȻЩסˡ
Ľ֣̫壡
ҼԴ̫Żǰ׼ңЩ󣬵ڶʿԲ⣬ȴ֪ΪΪ̫壡뵽һԣ̫̫ϣɵã壬ֻҪֻ岻ɳɾ޵У
뵽˵ĻĴ˱ϲԸ£Ϊã𣿡ǣЩ޸̫壬һȷʵǺ¡ܲˣΪЩ崫У̫˽ˣҪֻһһ壬ƽӹҲܿ羳һ羳Ļ壬帩ʮ
ٿ޵ʮ꣡
԰Сϲ˲ϲ㡱ʱǹʱЩɫȻһԸǿˣѹ˼ϹŶԣҲ˽ˣǹﲻ̫壬һжǼϹŶȡ
𵱳Լ԰˵ġ˱Ը£ж⣬ϾѪԵס仰ʱԳЦЦ׼ҵЩϹŶҪҪһ壬ΪˣЩ˲ＺԸǰֱʱǿЦͻȻøӲˣȭ׻֡
κڻɿȭͷ̾ϢԶ

׼Һ֣ŵƽʣһȫ߳ھ磬ϲӭˡ
̫̫£׼ҺҵҪȻ֪һ˽ϣúһ㽫һỤ䰲ȫɳһ·ȥ壬һԾͨ죬Ǹӵڶ򣬶Ǹʮ
һͤ¥ڷУеĶˮ顣
ǼһôôҶʾôˣһоҲû𡣡
૵
ּ䣬˵С˵ϣ춢˵һϲԼںʱҪҪôᷴãԼѾʾĺˣٱˣӦҲܹᵽŶԡ
׳գ
ţ᲻ɵõеĶˮϡ
͵ģ
һ
֪ʲôʱ򣬰ˣվ
һæ᣺硣
òᣬĬκֿڣϲ
˳ӣԴΪأ֪βԵġ
ɫЩѿǰһ
ޣͲޣҴȥ
˵


433 ý
Ȱ곤꣬ΪһͱΪʥӣҪ̳м֮λһֱܳȣЦ԰ҲǺϸ񡣵ǣⲢİ෴Ψһãκ˶Ҫ簮
ǰڵϹŶͺϵ˰̫£Ȼ֪Щ˵뷨ҪһΪһ״£׼Ҳʢʮ꣬ʮڣ˸ҷ
֪º󣬰ܲˣȴû˵ʲôһֱųĬʱþᣬܲζ˿̣˵Ϊءĸʱڷŭˡ
飡
һ߿ǰţŰߡ
磡
ɫ
ãɫĮֱŰ׼֮ȥ
ΪŭδʲôֳĶܿˡ
ʲô
һ߳֡
ǰ׼Ҿųϣ뷢ףͨɵڶ죬Ϊ׼ֱϵһ
ûʲô

δǰˣŰߡ
ųüʵҵѾˣʱҪȥ
ԣĮĳǰȥ
ͣ£
ųϳ˰õ쳣ڰǰ
һһɴӰֱ֯Ӵ
û˵ʲô䣬Ű׼ȥ
ƺ˰Ҫʲôų϶ʱɫˣȫ
ǣ
ʥӣͣ£
ʥӣ⡭ֹɣֱϵľųϰ
ǰ
âƣһ˦
ų϶ݣٶȣȻǿ
硣
ﱻţɫ
ûʲô˺ܶ࣬һ⣬˦
Ϊ壬һˣ˭ܵס
ܿ죬ֵԽԽ󣬸İ׼Ҵ֣ǿ߸
ʲô
һ˺ȵ
һϮۣлһּϵĸоȻǰ׼Ҽ
ŰŰŰ׼Ҽʱ뵽ʲôɫ
һȥ
ͺȡ
ɫЩ΢ף˳ӣ磬ǻȥɡ
ƫͷŰŰ֣ܹоĽţܸоģѾǺˮ
̧ͷ׼Ҽǰһÿ
͸˵𣡡
׼Ҽɫʱ
ɫĮһһԳ
һɴƣֲĽ׼ҼԶ
㡭
׼Ҽ־ŭ
ǣȻѾﵽ죬Ȼ
ŭǣԼĳӣȻһ쵨Ҷ
磡
ҲǱɫô󣬻δг
ɫĮһǰɨˣɨ̫壬սĿڰ׼ҼϣƽǵƤЩǣκ˶ͰֽһɾŰ׼ˣɫ䣺ǿ򶥶ˣԣǣҪͼõҸ
̫üڹԡ
Ҽһ̫ÿ
һȥ
׼ҼֱӺȵ
Ļ£׼вǰȻҪߡ
ղѪԵݣ˭ң˭ҵĵˣ

һ𶯣һɫ񷶼Ϊ֮ɫ

һƬ֣ɽˮʣгԵĶʡ
һˣһּ䡣
һݣûʲô飬Ψйâʱʱ˸á
ͣ
һ죬еֱ
ֹסŲһ·ѾСĵھʮˡ
ϣ߹ң˿˿Ƶȹâ
ƫͷ׼ڣʱâ֯ʱЩʱƽ͡
Ĵ˱ϲԸ£ΪãῪ𣿡
ѽǶɣ
˵˵ʵ㷴֤飬һϲң
ҪҪôģҲֿġ
һؼˡ
ԺлһϤ󶨸ĸϡһؼˡ
ϡ䣬ﵱʱǿЦ·𿴵еȻ
һؼˣӦǰҸĸ֣ϧǸʱȴġ
˫ۣκ󣬻âһš
ৣ
âһӰʧԭء
ʱһƬԭϡ
ԭзˣԶŰ׼ҵķȥ
һ̣ͣ
ԶһȾѪӰԶᱧһŮߵǰ
ŮսʱȴЩ԰ףϡ仹ܿ۽ǵۡ

ԶϵĺڷǵӰ½ǡ
û˵ֻǶŶӣŶӻеŮ


˺ۣڣżǰ͸ѪѾѪˮȾ죬Ű·ҲѪʪ˲١ŰӰ׼Ҵһ֮ǿߣһ·ߵѰ졣죬кŭ⣬ƺʱ뽫ץȥʹһ٣ϼ
쿴۰еİգĿڰϡ
һʱ䣬໥ӣԣֻз˴Զ
֪˶ãˣһýˣҪίҪģҲŹ㣡ݵ컳УһۣתߣݻȾѪȴͦΡ
ڣذ׼ң
쿪ڡ
ˣǰɵҲ֪ʲô¡һ˺ۣ׼ҺҲ׷𣬴ʱȥضٲĳͷ
ҵļң
죬ļᶨ
ſڣ˵ʲôûпڣĿŰʧԶ
˵ҵļҡ˵ʲô
ͷŻˣӲ԰ѪɫϵǰڣȻڻУˮ䡣ҲЩζ̾˿Űˣ뿪ƬԭʮһƬСڡ
Ӻͨ͸Ҷ϶£ڵͶһߡ

磬磬硭硭
Уʱʱ߽
һ£С֣Ԫһɹȥ
ֱȥʱĵ˹
磡
ƺʲôجΣһ
̧֣ס
֡졭ѹϤӣЩ㶡һ̣ýץ죺ҸأҸأôôˣץ죬ܽƯĴ۾ᡣӰ׼һ·شŵʱͼŰѪΪ˲ģֱӶ˹ȥ˿ܲǣļ١
û¡

ǣҸģȥˣ
ذ׼ˡ

ؼˣؼˣؼˡ
ظ
̾ϢĽ𣺡ȳȥ·ɡ
һѪȻȫǰѪ˿ûŮӵ·ֻȥѰһס
Щ㱵İúһСһȹ
£Եþ˲٣ֻɫȴɲôÿɻ㱡
ǡ죬У׼Ǹ
׼ҹҵ̫׼ҵȴͻȻԼһ·Ӱ׼ҴǡԼý죿⡭ô£
⡭
˾ȡ
ƫͷɨһЩ۵ˡ
ʱ䣬֮ǰڵʿ׻ŵŵŵĺˣһ֮ɫ˶Զˣûκ˸ڶҳ߿һۡ
Űú뿪Сǡ
һۣɫ䰵Ѿǳ֣ǵĵ׺ڲ֮ϡ
ڻؼ壬֮ʧµأԶó
һӰ׼ڴתۼƮڶÿһ䡣


434 ɱ
׼ڴͳĮڴʮʿܹõ
ȻͰҲһ
ɫ㱣Ϣֱӵ
ҪȥҪȥ
૵쳯Ű׼ȥ
üֽ̧ء
ſңУſǻ֪ʲôǰ׼ҵʼȼձԴõһƬһΪսɷ츲صı仯ǡϹʱڴûܹͨ۷ҲУҡҸȥ
ģΪ̫Σˣ˴ûܻ߳žޣΪ壬վվѣ򼸺ǾһܹƽҪﵽΣҲúķѼΪƾõʱ䣬Ҳʮꡣʮ겻ó̫пˣøΪȿࡣ
ĬŰҡҡͷ
ҲãΪãʲôĿѣҶԸܡ
˵
£ǵһ֪ԭ컹иá
ֻǣҡͷӳʵҪȥ
ץ֣˿ɡ
ſң

ҡͷɿƴҲȥ
ᣬһҧһһԲ
Բµĳֳ֣һƬİǿգһʱ䣬̫֮ͬӰӿʥ
̧ͷã
ǿ£ܲǿ󡣡Ű֣ǿУ˿Ӱ죺ֻǣˣЧ
ҧһ˲ĸˡ
㣬ſҺòãһȥȥҸġ㲻ﵽҪķѶʱ䣬ʮһ˴У
һ
ĬŮģҲܡ
һ
˵
˵ʲ
飡
ֵ֣նڰ󾱣˲˹ȥ
ƫͷ׼ҵķĮŰһȥ
úһƬɽһСԺ⡣
ԺӺܼ򵥣һéݣһΣһվԺ롣
꣬Ȼ档
챧Űˣûж⣬Ժšڴˣǵڶʲô
չ

涢죺Ҫʲô
ˣºҪȥ

ûʲô飬Ψһ⡣
Ĭ׼дǿͨ۷ǿˡ
֪
ͷ
ʼһϮ£תƿéݵţŵ棬Ȼ󣬸
ɻ󣬲ȴû˵ʲôСĵķŵéڣǰ
û˵ʲôתɽȥ
úһƬ⣬ǰ·úߵͷһ涸͵ʯڴ棬ķСʱƿҵʯڣһʯŽʯڣֹȥһʱ䣬´߳

Ĺ
򵥿ڣ̯һԲ񵶸ֻ֣糤һƾӨĹ⣬һɾԵϢһķնڲ
̵ƣʱ¶ݡ
Ʒȱǿĵ̡Ļܼ򵥣ұֻ񵶣һֱ÷ڴ˵أûдϣΪ񵶴£ǻĳɳҪ׼ңǽȡݵǰڴ֮ǰҪ㣬׼Ҳ̶ͬȵĵҪǣд򣬶㣬ѡ
˸âе񵶣档
Ͳڰ׼棬Ӷҵ񵶱׼Ҷȥ
˵
ɫĮӲ˿Ҳɿ飺ܹ߳
죬ȡС
㼪ԡ
û˵ʲôмĻʱ֮飬ôײ
ƫͷСéݵķЩ顣
չ˺

û˵ֻĬĬͷ
תԶȥûٻͷ

ڶһ磬һľڷҡڡ
뿪סúһƬУѰһεĵطϥ¡תһļľﵽԲ󣬴ʯȡһö浤ΪӺһãǴԪıҩ
ԭأ浤Уһ׽󣬻븹С
ʱ䣬һů塣
ˣ
һΣԵ㣬ͬһԾ
浤壬ڻҩ澭뵽Ԫ֮ڡ콫ļתĸӿ٣浤ҩٵĴԪ
ϴâԽӵǿʢ
վԴԪΪԪһδη䣬ﵽʱḶ́ӶͨɲΡһͨɲΣԪ٣Ϊȫµӵɵʥãɵ㡣
ˣ
ϥԭأһתļԪ
һΪḶ́ԣúķ²ܹﵽ죬Ϊ浤ԪٶȱǿֻһʱѣһɰڳƵʮ
죬룡
վлһĨâȭͷ
Ϊﵽ죬ǿȲûʲô仯ڵԪȴǸӻ񣬸ӾʶҲǿ˲٣սԵߡ
ûйΪһȡһ౦
ڱΪҩδɵǰıչ֮ȡãȻ߱ɱȴܼ̣ҩľԱ¯ȻһλƷεҩʦµıˣʱȡඦ׼Ƽ¯򵤡
򵤣ƷԵͨɾʿԪʱѰҩֱӱϵǿ߳Ҳı䲻˽ֱ֡ͷԪƣԪɫζһ˸˵ڷԪЧϵһǿΪԪЧһ㣬ֻܶݷӡԪȴǿԵԪ˵һֶ

³һּ䣬ȡƬϡ
֮ǰҩıչ֮أںĺڣȺõҩģЩҩ෱Һܲ㹻Ƴˡ౦ԣؾĵ𣬲ú󣬻һ򵤵ҩķ롣
Ʒҩ鷳ҪҩʦСĵƿظʱεĵ¶ȡȻŸոտƷҩʦΣʶǿᣬټƿеؾĵƷҲȽףӦ֡
ܿ죬ȥ
ʱ䣬һƳ¯򵤣ϻʮöѾ㹻ǧվʿԪ
ඦâ˸ɱ󡣡


435 ׼
޵һ;Ѿﵽ׿ʦΣǵˡڵһʱ壬Ժ޾ĵ磬Уƺ嫣಻ԣϼ
ʦ֮Ѱ٣Ѱһռɱ󡭡ɱ
ɱΪŴ֮һ֮ɣ
ʦֺ֮ȻԶԶûдﵽ̻ȼɱĳ̶ȣǲһӡһӦòд⡣ռɱֻһǣҲӵлܣ׼ңһܹ𵽼á
˫ۣʶڣһƸֶ
ˣ
˸⣬յޱȸӣĪ⣬ͬǿһ嫣Կ塣
ϥԭأ˫ۣʶȴʶ۳һһģһӰֱĶŸʶϵɱͼɱͼΪɱ󣬵ǣ֪Լľ磬ȫֻǶһǿ
ȡ㣬̲࣬նһУ
߽ĵ
ʶڲɱʱƣһۣһȥ
һ֮ǿ˰˿ʱ䣬Ϣ͵Ϊ֮һ䣬һɱⲻĴڱ˲Ƭռÿһ䡣
ԶżľϢ̼䣬ľȫķѡ
ԶЩĵطּȸļ£Զڷɶȥ
˫ۣоЩȴȣǰĲɱơʦһ;ΨнƲףܹ̻ĳԣڽʼϥԭأĲɱͼ
һۣչȥ
䣡
һ죬һɸӿֲɱڳ˿˿Ƶɱɢһǰʮʯ̼仯ɻҡ⣬޼䣬˿˿Ƶ֣ž춯صɱʹնŤ
УһЩǿҲˣ򣬽ǻֲ̿ɪɪЩУдﵽ˾ż̶ȵǿڣʱȴҲǱһɿ־֣һ˻𣬿ٳԶȥнһƬĻɫ
ʱƣϢûнͣԽԽǿ
һۣչȥ
䣡
պɱӾˣͬ񷶼Ϊ֮ɫʱϢϬˣΪģԲڷɳʯµĴڱѣ޾񷣬һ˵ɱʮ
ɱն㣡

£ӿֲɱƵܣһɱնҰ

ҲԳȿֲɱһıѣдƬĿռ
Ƭ˲Ϣ䣬Ƶգ׹䣬񷶼Ѫֲֿϡ󣬴ʱʱɱԽԽƴָµһı飬һ³
ʱƣֹȥʱܼɱϢ

һ紵˿˿ɳ
ϥԭأûжһ£ϢȴԽһɱµĲã÷ԲһƬȻƬռڵ¶ȶ˲١
תۼ䣬չȥ
طѾȥʮա
һգ˫ۣУɱһûԶһʯһ죬һѺͻأڴʯм䡣
ɱһǣ㹻ˡ

һʯȡһ͸ľӨʯ
ˮʯںײǷϿãơгһƷԷĽˮʯָʮ̨ÿһԼӽһסһˮֽ̨֯пӡɱ
ˣ
ָ˽֯ɫâΪʩʩȻǰˮ̨ϻָĻһƴָԾ֮Ǿ춯صɱÿһƴָԾʱܱߵնΪ֮ݺһ
۾â˸һ㽫ɱɱˮʯϡ
һǳѵḶ́Ҳһǳ鷳Ḷ́ȻֻɱһǣΪ磬ȴҪķѴԼųɵܹӡĳһ棬ȫӡɱʱ䣬ҪķʱҪתһٻ̶ָʼڶɱĿ̻
ָһɹɱɢն
ܿ죬ʱȥһɱ̨ãϹƣɢϢ궼ɵ÷
ͷϵĺˮӡõɱ̨ʯУϥڵתһǿϵб䣬Ϊʦĸڣתϵֱǿʢֱȥĸʱȫָ

ļ߲ݣһӡɱ̨
ˡ

еɱ̨ţˮʯܹɱԱΪãʵǺܲһ㡣Ҫֳ֪ӡɱҪķѵʱ;̫ˣľ磬սʱӡɱ󣬶ˮʯĴڣûȷգ˵ǰһæ
˫ۣԭͬʱתļһֱֹȥʱϵԪָ۷ˮ׼
ȥ׼ҵŰݷˡ
һƾâһ̱ʧԭأֻ˿˿ɳ

ʱ䣬һʮա
һ죬ٲ֣罫򣡡
һٴδ
һΣ׼ҼԺ
̫̫Ľϣ԰׼ҺҶԶ̫Ҫˣ׼ҼǰͰĸףΪ˼ʢȴòңټİ׼ңһ˵㣬мͨ۷̫ϳϣһ档
תۼ䣬ٴδ˵ڶ
⡭
Ǹܿµĵط׼ҵĴȥ
ӦֻΪ˱Ȱ׼ҹѡ
ۡ
׼ʥӰΪ壬žޣսˣ˶һ𣬰׼ҲȥðգмĿΪ˱Ȱ׼ҹ塣ȻҲȫų׼ĻðƬĿԣϾֻȥһƬµĵطԣðֱȥ
Ȼˣ˵Ǳǣˡ
׼ҹǺεҪΪʲôҰڳǵȴƣð׼ҵĴ˶ݣȻʥΪв⡭
̫Źˣ
ȷʵǣʵ׽
˲⡣

ڶ򣬶߷޾ɽƣڸ߿գ߲ܿɫʺš޾ɽͷһƬ嫵Ĺʣյĵ죬ڰʵɺӣܼĵƣ硣
Ϲң׼ҵ֮
ڶǷˣҼԴԼһ޵̫ǰ׼ң׼׼ҹ׳ɻ飬׼ҴҲأϲĽӭڣȴ룬󣬰׼ʥӾǴŰ׼ҹֱӴӰ׼Ҵ˳ȥ
׼ҹ֪١
Ͼ͵ˣ׼λ壬׼ѵĻὫʲôȥ
׼ۼ˲ʿ˶Ű׼ڲָָ㣬Сš
ϣ߹ңԵúȡ
ʱԶĵƽ߾ͷһ޳Ӱ֣һŰ׼
ǡ
죿
ôˣ
׼⣬ʿɫ


436 ˿ɵ
ȺȣԶӰסˣȫɴ˫ۡ
ˣȻ
Ű׼ͥȥˣ
⡭Ҫʲô
ʿĿࡣ
һϮƽǰ粽
ǰ׼ͥׯϣйɵʣŲɣϢ̧ͷɵգ˸·һͷޣΪˡ
һУĽŲûͣ٣һǰ
ˣ
˽е
ۿֻüһÿһ·
ûЩ˵ķӦܿ죬׼ͥǰ
׼ͥ죬ɣͥǰ˰أֳսìǲѪܻ񡣴ʱͥǰЩ˸ɫ
С
ȻôĹ
£
˳ȥ
һʱ䣬Ԫ֮裬ͨ似ȣȫ¡
ЩֻͥߣȴϹҵʿսԶˣͨһչ֣һѹնڲʿľٴθоϹҵĿ£ͥ˶ǿ
䣡
⼸˶ղΣʱͨһѹ£ˣĲ
ûʲô飬䣬ǰȥâ֮û
ߣ
Ѱ·
Ǹνֿˣһ
Ц
Ȼһ̣˱ɫǰͨâУͽ߳δûմȾһҳһĻеɱ֮ȫ⡣
ܣ
𺳡
ͬһʱ䣬Զһʿļ£ǿߵĹɱ˿ֱӴͨ似ɱ߹ǺεǿսǺεȵĴݣ

ȫ
ϣ
׼⼸˺ȵ
һʱ䣬ٶӶնɱ
һ̣ͻȻּ磬һɫ˲佫Զһһ
㡭
ʲô
ſǣ
˴С
첻⼸ˣһǰȥܿ׼ҴűԵطΪ˰ҲӦɱ׼ҵˣԣԼˣֻԿеĽƽǽԭضѡ
̧ͷ׼ڣĸоһɰѹƵڲϣͬǻԵĽף·ʱѹ£ĥκˡԭأòϣϹҹܿ£Ϣʮǿ˺ֹǧ򱶡
ҡҡͷûж룬ֱӿ׼ڡ
⣿
߽ȥˣ
ҵ죬ʲôȻ߽˰׼ڲ
׼⣬ʿȫɴ˫ۡ
׼ңϹŴж£Ĺϼ壬ڹƱأȱдڣνһŵĽأ̶ѨҪΣЩһֲУȻô޹˼ɵĲС
𣡡
˶סˡ
Щ˿ٶ⣬˾ú޴
Ϊֱ
׼ڣȥͤ¥ţž˵Ϣ·صȱ֯һľкֻоë׶ƺҪչҪ֮⡣
Ȼͬһʱ䣬Ǹоһѹ
׼ҺоԼ·һ˫εӶסˣͷƺѹһʯ
䣡
ﬣ
𶯣˻תۼ䣬ٰ׼˳
׼ټĴУ˴룬Ȼһʱ֪˿̣һڰ׼ǿ߳תۼǽΧ϶ɢżΪǿĲ
Щˣȫվǿߣˣ۷ʿʮˡ
Ϲҵʵǿ߶಻ʤ
ƣŶɵˣȻͨͨǿߣݶñɫվǿ߰
紫еǰ㣬Ȼǵ죡УΪ׵һɫɱ⣺ҲãԼɱԼȥˣ
֣
һ˵
ʱ䣬붯ͨһһչ֣ѹȵնںɱ⺧ˡ
鵭Į˵һ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǰİ׼ǿߺɣѪײڲԶʯϡ
Ҫҵ·

Ѿﵽ죬ʶǣԪٶȣһ㶼ǿֲף˿ɱȣټ֮ƿǿֶΣսνͨɾ֮£ȴǼͬ⣬Ѿû˿Ժ⣬һͨɳʿҲٷС
ſ񣡡
۷ǿߺȵʩչ׼ơ
ɱ
ȣչͨâѹȥ
ޱ飬Ի绤壬ǰһ
򵥵һ£ȴǷ˵һ죬Ϊģһɿ񱩵Ԫϯͬһ쫷磬Ľһڰ׼ǿȫɨɳȥʮԶ
Щ׼ˣûɱ֣ɨ֮󣬼Ű׼Ҹȥ
ģ
ˣȫ
ɱ
ŭ
׼ЩɫѿϹңϹʱȴȻһվСʿڣֱܴ裡԰׼ʼ洴°׼δ·´Ҳ㴳׼
׼ΧʿʱЩѾ׼ڲĳȴ˰׼˵ŭһʱ䣬һٴļ¡վiϹң̶Ѩ˶Ϊ֮ҡͷɴ˿̣ǾȻ˰׼˵ŭ
⡭
׼ҵˣԱˣ
찡
˶ˡ
䣡
׼ڣԪݺᣬһһϯ˷
ٰ׼˳˳ŭ𣬹ɱ졣Щ˶Ϊ֪ǿԳĶվʿɽȴ𺳣˳һȣĽŲûܵ˿谭򵥣һһ·ɨɡ
֪ͨϣ
˽е
һ۷ǿߣʵǿɴ˿ȴǸоļºͿ־壬Ϊǰȥʵ̫ǿˣվǿߺΧϣȻԷһסһȺɨɣʹվ
ȣǰŨһ
ӣ
׼ŭ빥ɱϡ
ϧá
飡
飡
飡
תۼ䣬ʮ˱ɣȥʮԶ
ˣ㵨δ̫ˣ
һǰ
ӿһԱ߻ˣ
޼ɵĴ׼ڣֳĶʵ̫ˣ˿̣׼ҼͰ׼Ҳٴ߳ⶼЩͬһʱ䣬׼ҼԱ߻ˣϹҵǿߣҲ̫ʥغͨʥصĳϡ
ǰ壬ʥصǿ߱ΪʥӽԱƷѹˣԴˣ׼ȻҲӴʥصǿߣͬʱֱӾ߰ʥصʥӸ˳֮󣬰׼ҴҼ̫˼壬ԼһĹףǡ˵ϲ£׼Ҵʥص͡


437 ֱԷ
԰׼ҼΪףһվ˳ͨɾǿڡ
Щ˵ɫԺ䣬ǰ׼һˣɫԵЩѿϹʱĴȻһվСʿ˿ɵ
ǣ
ܣа׼ʿд
һں죬ûٶ֣Сܡ
׼ҵĴû˵ʲôĿϡ
ɱڶˣҴڣˣΪԼ޵ˣ
׼Ҽ
׷ɱ£׼Ҽ֪飬Ȼˣնɱ׼һҲʵ죬Ȼûʲôɫ䵭
̧ͷ꣺׼
ҡ
׼ҼͳȴҲüΪ̫ݺ򶨣Щ졣Ҫ֪׼ڲǰ׼ҼƬһ˼û̿־ηһվʿȴֱ޵ӡ
ǣ̫ˣ
΢ʮŮһϲˣᣬԶ롣Ϊ˱壬˵ҪԼһʥӽʲôһղﵽһղóЩпᡣŰ׼Ҽɫһ˿̣˵ϹŴѵΪԼҲпᣬʼձŲʢܾٵڶ򣿡
׼ҼԣʱɫһɫЩࡣ
Ұ׼ҵ£ֲⰢèۣǰûɱ㣬գûٻȥһһվΪ׼ϵİ׺ҵ׼Ĩɱ죬˱֮һ죬׺ҵɭȻɱâĻƺϣ˵㽫صˣ
ƫͷɢҲôУ
䣡
һɴƴڳһ׺ҵԶ
׺ҵֹסŲӶʱŤͨɾǿʿԼһڲȴȻһվʿˣֱĪ衣
ɱ⡣
׺ҵͻأһ̲סһ
ɱ⣬ֲ̫ˡ
ҴӦɱ׼ҵˣΪڻվź˵

׼ĨɱƳ޼ţ˵Χ׺ҵԪ֮һˣ̩ͰӢѾնˣֻʣ°׺ҵһˣԭҪɱˣڰϣվˡ
񣡾ƾ㣬Ҳɱң
׺ҵ
뵽ԼžȻΪľһ׺ҵһɫֱӱ졣
ʱ׼Ҽǰһֽ׺ҵ¡
ˣ֮ǰ£Ѿ֪һʼȷҰ׼ҵĴɱҰ׼ôˣԿ׼Ҽ죬ŵ㴳вɱһˣԣҲ㡣㽫ŮʲôطºҲôͬʱҲԼð׼ͽǳ塣
ܷŹ
׺ҵе
ͬһʱ䣬׼һЩҲڣ԰׼ҼĻɣΪð׼̫ʧʧսϣ档׼ڲ԰׺ҵΪף׼ϵļһҧһҪն졣
̫ʥغͨʥصĳüв졣
һ˸ɫǶ죬ĿŨŨɱ⡣Ϊǰ׼ңЩԻǵø׼Ҽӣûͬ׼ǰ㷴
ܷŹ
Ұ׼δ棿պ󣬻˭ᾴη
ն
׼ϵ˵
׼ҼЩ˻ӦֻǶ졣
Ů
׼Ҽɫۣ߱һִѹ
ԼŮһЩ£׼ҼȻ֪Բ̫Ϊ죬Ůܡͨ췽ŵĻһЩﶼԿ϶߰󣬽ｻ죬ֻϣܹŮѰء
Щ⣬Ű׼ҼŮ
ǡ
׼Ҽ
ϵЦԽŨЩֻκ˶ܿЦеķ̣ûмκΣ⸸ףɵãŮ޸һԼϲˣ뽫Լĳ˻ŴҸøһۣΪ˼ʢףŰ׼Ҽ˵ðһ䣬֪˵ĸ׿ɻڣϣûкݺݳ⣿
죬
˺˵
󵨣
ܣһ׼ŭȡ
׼ΪϹʱĴӵڶ򳬹أΪһˣ׼Ҽݺ䳬ȻȻʥغʹ˼֮ҲúͺһݵСʿôԼһļ˵Ƿֱ̣ðð׼˽һɱ
һ̣Ȼǰ׼ҵһЩҲǰ̫ˣ
׼Ҽɫѿ˫ȭ
Ϊ׼ҹΪʢһ

ߣЦΪʲôڣΪ˻Ӻˣݹۺʷģ̫ţԶţϹţֻȱѪǣΪׯ˵ҪᣬҸȥΪ廻ȡʢŮһȥȡʢͲ׼ʼӹײ𣡡
һʥ˻ޱȴ̶
һʱ䣬ط˶סˣû뵽һʮ꣬վΪȻܹ˵Ļ
ģ˻ع
һɺԣ׼ʮ꣬ʳϵλһжҪΪʢһ˿ౡ֮ʲôɣ׺ҵվοҪ޵̫壬޵̫Ϊ򣬺ί
ƫͷлĳһ⽣ֱն׺ҵ
⽣ΪȪݻ϶һɿֲϢɢ
㡭
׺ҵɫܡ
ϧվǳЩ
۵һһֱ۷𣬴ƬѪҺ
ҴӦɱ׼κһˣǡŰ׺ҵиֳһ˿ɱǿĺˣҹȻ޷ԭ㣬Σ㶼
Ͻ֯ɭɭ⣬âɢܡ
ӣٻʶʱĵƤ鶯ǿҵķкܷ꣬˿̣׺ҵ˷ŭ
ڶ򣬰õѣǹʱԵƤΪʲôƢǱϹŶѹȵ̫Բһ˿СС棬ȻˣǹȴʼպܵǼá
뿪壬߹ֻΪ֪ٹãԼԼֻ֮ǰһ䣬˶ѡ뵽ЩٶЩƵİ׼Ҵǣĵ׵Ļǲסͷ塣
ϲĶ
ǰһоȪٴնŰ׺ҵĲնȥ

Ұ׼ڻӶ

׼Ҽŭˡ


438 ȭҳ
Զ׼һЩͨʿ죬̲סɪɪʱ̫ڿֲǵսΪ̬һսЩ·ˣ˭ܹ

а׼Ҵȵͬʱץ졣
ϵϣΪǴͨɵһ죬ʵǳǿ


һ֮һͬʱɡ
Ȫһ죬նա
һЩ£ȻͨɾǿҲΪ֮ľ׺ҵɫ䡣
ʱ׼ҼһƽȪĿ
ˣŮ
׼Ҽ
ܹϹżļ֮λϣ׼ҼɺǿΪͨɵ졣ȻǿҪΪȥͨǿߣһܵ£֮ǰĲʵ̫Щ
һȪ˸â׼Ҽӣɫ
Ѱų
˵
׼Ҽɫࣺҵĳӣ벻ţθɣ㲻Ҫˣ
Цƫͷ׼ûϵˣֻΪǽֻͷνҲ֪ǰ粽˿Ҳڶʮǿߣֻǣǰ׼أɲҪң
֮ǰΰѰ˰ʶ֪˰׼ҵλڰ׼ҵشȻ׼ҪУֱӴȥʱսƶƶǻٵ׼أɲḺʲôΡ
ſӣ
׼ҴǸɭȻ
׼Ҽ̾ϢΪĹϵΪ죬ߵزΪ죬Ź죬ɼڵҲӦңҲĻ˳׼ңһжѾ׼Ҽҡ
£
˺ȵ
¡¡ģǿʢϢ𣬼׼ǿȫǰҪ֡
ȵȡ
ʱһ
ҼǰĮɨһ죬Ű׼ҼͷҪֵļ׼ǿߵͷ漰Ҳҵ£Ϊжʱ򣬾Ҵְɣѹ˶
⣬Ϊͣôǳ֣ɣ򲻿ɡ
׼һϵ
޷ܿ׼ңҲܿΪҵˣǸ֡
Ҽ
׼յͷЦǱ鷳λˡ
ӦõġҼЦ׼Ҽ׼ңΣ
׼Ҽû˵ʲô죬˵ͷ
Ǻá
ҼһЦĮɨ죬漴˳
һˣΪһϣΪԪ£ɱĶ죺죬ɻǵ֮ǰʲô£
Ժÿº֪ܶ࣬˵ʲô£
Ӧ
Ԫɫһ³ǣҵֶС
𣬲лҡ
ǰһʱҩıչ֮߳һĽܳһϾ׼ѹնɱбҵˣмϡԭлԪµֶӡ
ӣ
Ԫŭһֱӳȥ
һԪһꪣȻҴͨꪡ
ߣûжֶΣֱһȭǰ
̫ͨŻʩչɱԪҪǿĶ࣬Ϊ̫ʱС̨ףսλⷽꪡ
ȭͷӣſ񣡡
Ԫº
ҵһͨɹᴩһУ
Ը㣬һȭӡ
ɫ䡣
ɫȭͷӳĿռ¡¡һ佫ꪺķ顣
ܣ
˽Աɫ
ֻһ˫ȭͷȻͽͨǿ߼Ĵͨķ飬ʵЩ£һͨǿǿ̫࣬ٴﶼΪ֮ľ
৵һ΢죬ǚi˲ϢƵԪǰ
Ԫ±ɫΪٶˡ
ܲ
Į
ӶȭϣȭԼ˿˿Ƶĵ绡˸һȭա
㡭
Ԫļ£һƷǰȥ
Ȼãȭͷ̫ˣѹһУС

һ죬Ԫ¼Ʒֱӱ֧飬ķѡ
Ĳ죬һٴλȭ
Ԫ¾˫۸񵲣۵һ˫ֱӱ顣ңⲢûнȭͷƲݺݹᴩԪµţֱӽ֮ķ࣬ѪȾر
Ԫ£
Ҽɫ
طȸ˶ɫһͨǿߣȻһȭˣ

ץס꣬ѹ
оŸ׼ңʱһ˱ɱн⡣
η壬ֱˣ·˫С
˵ҵ̫Ҳˣ

׼һЩȰ޸̫壬ն̫壬ͿһαȰޡңҩչ֮ڣ̫Ż޹ʶ֣ǸʱɱҲУˣȻҪ֮ն
ƾ㣬Ҳ̫һս
׺ҵ
ƫͷŰ׺ҵɭȻﶼ⹷̫ڣԼû˵ʲô㵹Ǳ߼ϴ
㣡
׺ҵŭȻ
һҼǰɭȻĶ졣
׺ҵ˵Ĳƾ㣬ûʸ̫һս
ˡ
̥Ҳ̫һս˵ΣԲ
ҵ˺ܰ
ôǵãǰһʱ䣬ҵ̫屻已̥׷ɱĴӴܣǿĽҵĻȥһˣҲôնҵ̫壬ҳΪڶЦ
ԣҼ϶ɫһ
ҼɫѿΪŻ͵ĸףǰʱ䣬׷ɱ̫£Ȼ֪ڶҲ֪ȷʵһŵ¡ᣬҼ޹أеɱʱӿ

ǰһҼԶ֣һƳȥ
ҼͰ׼ҼһǴͨɵ죬սǿ
һƣҼû飬ҹžеһǿһС

ʱһ
һߴӰڷ磬˫Ŀ䣬ȥԼʮңͨ嶼⻪ƣϹ㡣Ӱ߳ܣ·һֳҵ׹׼ڲ˽һĲС
ҼƣͶˣ
Ż͵ͷǰ粽
ɱ
죬Żֻôһ仰ȴܵĿռ䶼Ϊ֮ݺһ
ΪŲҳҡ
Ц
°ܽΣҲٸκλᡣ
Ż͵ıĮ
⣬â˸һǰδеĿϢͬ¡
˻㣬ͷ­ڰ׼ҵϡ
ĵ


439 ɱ
̫ǿųͬһˣȻһȴѾû˵ѹڵȵǿ̫̫࣬ٶ̫˿ɵ
ﬣ
û˿ĻлĳһƷնھŽ
һĿ˿ռ䡣
˿µһط˽Զݡ
ŻһꪣããӭķھŽ¡
䣡
ײ顣
ǰ׼һͥԺΪ˶ݵĽ棬ͤ¥羡ϣķѡ
׼һЩͨ˱ɫԭΧ죬ɴ˿ȴȫȥʵΪ̫ǿˣֻһμ򵥵ײɵĺȴΧˣƺпܱǣУ֪ôġ
ŻɫĮ˲ǧÿһӰ󶯱ӡ
䣡
ķռʱ޾âǣӿȣͬ˰ƺƵѹ졣
һǿͨʮһУһ˿һ˱ܵĻᡣ
ã
˵ͷ¶֮ɫ
ǿ߽Ժˣ˿ֲһһͨɾǿ߶ܵ
ɫĮһ𣬷ʮֱն
һΪģķռ˲仯һƬ׺׺УһȫǽϵĽХգۼ佫Ż͵һ˺ѵķ顣
ǰһ磬Żѹ¡
Ϊ򣬱ݻһֲף׼ֱϵĲٴﶼȣ¶֮ɫ˵˵ݻ򣬿ɴ˿ۿΪ֮ȣ¶ŵı顣
ŻߣͬһһĳһƬҹϡ
䣡
ǿײ쫷ϯʮ
ڵĵһĹѣ׼ҵͥԺ˴ѣ˿̣ΪģԲʮڣеʯ꾡Է飬һ̨ͤȫӡ
һʱ䲻㵹ǿ˲٣ǵϡ
ŻɫĮ
ȴǴ粽δʵڲҵ׷ɱ㣬գ
ԡ
Ż⣬佣ʵɱŽնǰ
ƫͷһƽɱ顣
ɣǿϢײһ𣬾ܱδǿԪȴͬǧڽ棬ʵĵ绡ֶ͵졣

ڲͣѣ쫷ΪĵƵİ׼ҲͨʿٴԶˡ
ȥս
а׼Ҵȵ
˶֣׼ҵĲϣ¡¡촫һ޴̨֡ͬһʱ䣬һ׼Ҵ֣һƣķռȫס
Ż͵ս̫ھˣڰ׼ڶԾƻὫ׼ƻĲӡ
̧ͷŲһΣڿնϡ
׼Ϊ˴ûҪȥƻ
Żһ߿ա
䣡
ʱһֲȭâ˿ռ䣬Ż͵ա
ѪƮڿУĿġ
ɣ
˸ŭ졣
սԵϴЦŻ͹˹ָ
ŻкâһӣƵĹ⽣񷣬ɱˡ
ﬣﬣﬣ
Х̶һͬһնϡ
Żǧ⽣ɣսϿʮɣƳһơ
ǧ⽣˻ͬʵʻ񽣰㣬Хų׹䡣
һֲĳǧ⽣ۺһ𣬺ƺƵĲƬգһЩͨǿ߸ļ£ŻͲǺųͬһ˵̫壬ȹɱʵ̫ڿˣͨǿ߶ֱնɱ
ΪڲϵսϣǣһĻҲ׼һʿʱ䣬һԵɴ˫ۡЩ˲Ż͵Ӱǧ⽣ȴǷǳԣȻʮҲܹ˶Ȼ
⡭
˭ڶ֣Ȼܻôɱ
ͨǿ𣿡
𺳡
ܼĹ⽣ίʵЩģĲ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ϣ쳹
Żսߴ죬ɱб¡
ǡɱ
׼дľ
ǣ
׼ҼЦŵͷ
ܶʱһ¶ݡ
ɱΪҴžе֮ͨһһʩչɻǧɱÿһռ䣬ն񣬿ֲͨǿҲһͨǿ߶ƿأŻͲѣȴǽⱦ˳̶ȣʵһڴĲ
̫壬Ȼ°
̫ʥصĳ̾
֮ϣ⽣纣һ˲Ƿе·
һ̣ܼ⽣ն¡
˽㡣
ŻĮ鸩졣
ƾ㣿

Ż䣬֮ڶ
һ˸ɭɭâתۼΧ⡣ЩУенжܣꪣйڵı壬ӦоС
һʮڱ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
Ին˷Ĺ⽣ȫ顣
ر
ԭֻͬʱƿһڱǲǰﵽ죬ΪһǿƿظıСʱһʮڱΪʵ屦ɱͨĹ⽣ǿˣһ߻һն񷡣
ǣ
ƿϲĿر٣


ɱһ˷ĹɱһӶУΪâ̫ˣܡڣʩչرһʮڱ壬ն˷ƿй⽣ֱɱǡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
߶رܼݺᣬ˷նһɱ
Żѹ£ܼ⽣һһͨ⽣
ʮɣɣâҫۡ
ʱ䣬һɿµĲϯʵƲ˲ɢ
򽣺һ⡭ȻѾ޵˾ˣ
ǿ߾
һ̣ȻҼҲ𺳣򽣺һΪɱ̬Σƿأȴ룬Ż;ȻѾȺͨ˸߶ȡԱߣ˸˷Īק˫ȭ
úúã
˺ȵ
һһδԳɾ޵Уٵڶ
춢ͷľ޴񽣣â֯
̧֣һʮڱٰضķλǿʦѾﵽ׿ʦΣ˿̣һʮڱ۳ɱ󣬽е۵һ㣬ֱŲµĴ󽣳ȥ
䣡
ײһһʱ䣬ӿ֮µ
һʮڱһײ±飬Ƭ׹䣬ʵɱ̫¡վСıڱˣһһһܣ˸ɭ⣬ƿһУŻ͡
ǣ
׼

ǿݡ


440 Ѫȭ
һһһܣڱ˸Ĺ⣬һֵɵѹУһʮڱƿɱʱɹϡ
ﬣ
Ƽǿ
׼
첻ǰںĺãóˡ
ŻϣĮԶԣ»ӳ֡
֣
䣡
ǿӿգ׼¡
ҴžеһǿͨҩչڣŻ;ʩչһУٴԻƱǿ˼֡
̧ͷȻһߡ
ڿնûаĶֱһȭϺȥ
򵥵һ˲䱻顣
һĻٴüȫסˡһȭһͨǿߣǼһȭ̫֣ǣǿЩˡ
Ϊվôߣ

ǿնϣŻͶ棬һ׼ٴγŻնȥ
ϣն£ܾС
Żɫᣬ𣺡ϴʧ㣬ֱ˽㣬һΣ㲻ĺˣҲκһ˿ᣬֱնͷ­
䣡
£𶯣¡¡
Щ£ǰ׼ǿػռһʱͻ
ǽ׷ɱһɶˣ
Ц
ǚi׼֮󣬻Ӷȭɨһͨȭâ
ŻͲܣٴγꪣâҫʮ
ꪳŴ󣬱ǵʮɸߣͬһɽؼ䣬һ£׼ȫɨɡͬһʱ䣬ֵһƬ޴ķˣԼȭӳͨȭâ͵һĵķ顣
޵ʲô
ŻͻĮ
첻м˾ǰˣ׷ɱǱ׷ɱԼʧҽڣֻ߲ŻˡһݻȪɨʮ
һһ׺յĿռ䶼Ť
ŻâȺꪣʵı
䣡
ԣֻϣɱֶУǿԪÿռŤƽˮ㣬һȦһȦĳӿȥ
ǿ
дǰԾ̾
ǰ׼ڣػǰ׼ʼ浱ǿĿʦӡ£ȻƵļӳ֧£ȴܹÿռ𶯣֮ŤսֱµˣһͨǿԶԶ֮ϡ
ˣ
֣ɫȭͷᴩ죬հݣŻ͡
ǚiһһӰǰԶɹٺԡѪǿǽнսѪ˶Ϊ֮ݡ
飡
Żӱ䣬ֱһȭ˹ȥ
ȭ͸Ŀ񶯲Ծ޴Բɢܡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
תر׼һεˡ
Ż̧֣չһν׼ɡ
Դˣ˿Ҳ⣬ޱ飬׼һǰɫȭͷϽ֯˿˿Ƶĵ绡Ϣˡ
ˣ
һȭӳͬһʥģһ
Żһ¡
һȭƶƬ쫷硣
һ޹˿ֱӾһչɱ
ÿһÿһʽ̺˼µĿռֽһûƻסܣƬռֲס
ߣ
֣ȻֻǻӶ˫ۣ򵥵ĶµĹɱϹսӳȭԼѪɫ֮ԻѪ˿̾һ˿
ǣ
Ѫ֮Իһ˿˵ٴ붯ݡ
Щˣ춼в졣
һ̣ЦֻЦĺ䡣
⻹ľϲ

ǚiһչӳȭּ˼֡
һЩѪ˿̣Ѫһ˿Ѫ֮⣬ʱһȭޱȿֲԺɽӣֱӴػա
һȭȻǿŻҲס΢΢ɫ߶Ԫȫ֮Ӳ
ˣ
һԻŻǰ
𣡡

һȭѹ£ܣһȭŻؿڡ
һŻͺɣѪ
Ͷ
ҼС
⡭
ǿ̫尡Ȼ·
ôܣ
׼һͨʿ˾ȡ
׼ҼŰգӰס˸ȥôᣬʮ߰ӣȻսȴǿᣬ̫棬ʱ̫壬𺳣𾪡
Żͣ㲻ǺųͬһΪô򣿡
ϣ
Ȼô˵ȴ𾪣̾Ż͵ȷЩ¡Ҫ֪żȻǣһ˿ѪΪѪ֮Ĺϵղһȭǳ£ͨǿҲѵסĿԱǱһȭȻһȭ£ŻȴֻЩ˶ѡ
ԶһЩ׼ҵӷ̫ǿ󣬹ϵĵڶͬһˣȴǱһȭѪɡ
⡭
֮ɫ
Żؿڣâ֯ͬһܻ⣬еһȭ̫۳ɶܣԼؿڣ˲Ż˱ɱһʱٶȶ죬ӱø絶ƽ
â˸һıʮ㣬籦⽻֯
ʮ
̫ʥصĳϾȡ
ԱߣҲľ¶˼֮ɫͨҲƿˣ

׼̾Ϣ
Ϲʱж£ͨɱʮĥɵ֣һһ£ҲһһʮڵڶųƿѹһУݹϱͨǿߣֻô޵ɹŻվΪͨ޳ˡ
ã
ҼЦ
Żչʮٳһһɴơ
ݣ
ɹʮзɳ裬۵һļᴩ
һ̫ˣ쵽ûзӦ
żˣѪˮס¡
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ʮ𶯣ܼĹâͬһ֧֧ȫУΪµǣǵٶȷǳ죬쵽Աʶĳ̶ȡ
춯ݣһͼգۼ両֣ǰ
ͣ
ͼһֱʮзɳĹâ
Ȼһ̣ɫ΢䣬ͼסǰԼȴǽɱٶȿľˡ
ʮɱǿɱ⼫٣飬֮£Ψһ޿ɱܣ
һ
ͷ˵ģ
䣡
һչ磬֮ĴɽӣҶݺһһԻһ񺣸֣һ˷ȫĹâȣʹնŤ


441 ֮
ȫɫ׼ҵǿǶݣʩչ֮ĴɽӣҶݺȣЩľ̫ĳȴ𺳣Ѿ˵ݻ֮ͨͲǿ߶ԾɵʱۿȴɻǺȻ˼顣

ҳǸɭȻȻչֳһ̫ͨЩ˿Ƕ̫裬Ƕҵ裡
ˣ
ϣʮţҫ죬εĻС
֮һһʮɱ⡣
ŻɫĮһʮûɹ⣬ƺƵѹǰЩâЩ£ϳʮ죬Ӳ׹£ѹպ¡¡ƺһ̾Ҫֱӱסˡ
ʮȻ£
̫ʥصĳϵ
䣡
սϣʮ죬ѹ
ܵѹһ㱻ѹıΣ͵ķ顣
ߣԪţѪɫѷ죬˻֮ëȻȻ䣬һֻצ̽Ųϣֱӽʮ
ѹңˣֶΣұǣ
ĵ
ƿмϴͨѧԶͬκ˶ࡣŻͣһԦʮ˺ʮ죬ԻŻѹ£ʮռȫС
Ż罣̹ǣĮ졣
ˣ
â˸˺ѵʮٶԻڸ֮ϡ
һ죬ʮøӿ£ƺƵĳѹ
ʮ죬ٲ𣬿ɲ֣ÿһΣԽǿ
Ц
ʵҲҳԣ֮γֽʮ˺飬ÿ˺һΣʮٴԻɢҲӵǿᡣƿӡΪֻ޳˵һصӡӡޣֻһ֮ͨ⣬Ҫ׷ӡʮȴϾǿʩչ˸ʮе̫壬С硣
¡¡
պ𶯣Ԫ֮ͬ˰㣬һ˸߹һˡ
ʮ֮£һδδʮ죬ȻÿһΣʮȴ˲ؾ۶ѹ󡣲Ȼˣıȴûʲô仯ԦʮϣǚiŻͱ˱ȥ
Ӷȭ˵һҵĿռ䶯
죬ȭ̫壬һʱ˸
Żꪳ𣬷ն졣
ͨԿ嵽һȭâӰԻ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ȭȭĿռһ
׼ڣٴľ̫ʮһδηͨͨһδǿ£ǿ񱩵Ŀʵļ¡Щ˶һ䲻Ǻεȴȴ֪ȻܺԪȻȴһֱ֧ǣڡ
Ԫݽ𣡡
⡭
ͬ޵е̫һսȻ˿·
׼ҲٵӶסˡ
ŻɫĮȭ󣬽ӡء
¡
һ죬ʮøӿ£ʮϿգһʮرԻ֯ʵĹƺѹؼһС
Ʈݵ˫ӡʮرֱ׹䣬ʮǲʧøӿ񱩡һâɢɲʱ䣬һʮϢʮȫķ顣
䣡
ʮرʮ໥ڣ·ǳòǽԱɫ
̫尡л̬

ϹããһƬʮرʮһƣһͬʮڣʮ֮ϡ
˵һŻͽӡأ͵Ϊ֮һ
â׷ɱȻҪһʮ£ҪжѹʮرС
ͨǿľҵı޵ȳ̶ȣʵ̫ڿֲˡ
ʮⱦûʮʮرȹ̬ﲻپ˴˵ͨǿ߶ݡ
䵭ʮʮرһѹ£о˸ǿѹͷϷ·һѹ£ڸ°죬·ʱɢܡˣɫȴûа仯
ǚiһչٴγٴγŻ͹ȥ
ˣ
ûжĶֻǼ򵥻ȭԼȭɱ
ʮʮر϶ΪһãһƬʮ˷ɱҪУʮҪ֮飬˿µһ𣬿ռ䶼ŤʱʱĴ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ʮɱǴʮرгٶȿ쵽㡣
绤壬ͬʱͼŴ󵽷ԲɵķΧ˶£һǰһУֵ֮졣ٴʩչǚiͬһ㣬Χ̫һȭһȭ
ȭâȫԪѹɣΪ޵似ȭȻٴλӳȭԵÿֻ࣬һȭâȭ˳ͬһִ磬ĺŻ͡
ŻӵĮԭزһ汦𣬽ȭâȫԽ֮۰ϣʮرʮ콻ںϣƱ֮űøǿ쳹׵׵ĸ¡
첻ϻȭӡסʮرʮ죬Ⱥν֮ڿСǳŹ֣ÿһΣͻٴθֳƱøǿͬҳ˵ǰ㣬޷
飡
һĹɱһ֮ɡ
ã
ʮƾľ绹ԶԶƲֻ߶
ȳ̶ȶѣҲͼ̫һսԲ
Ц
ϣŻɫĮ˫ӡ˵һʮر𶯣ÿһϽһȹŴ򿪣ͬһʱ䣬ʮ쾹ǻһʮɸߵľˣãֱʮѹ¡
䣡
ɹƵտһ顣
ط·һɽ˰㣬űͬһϹħ
ǣ
ʮѾƿصһǼͨ۷Ҳﵽһ⡭
Ҽ־ϲ
ͬһʱ䣬ü̫壬ɲ⣡
Ż񷣬ϢǿĮ죺ˡ
䣡
ֳʮرÿһ㶼һţһѹ¡ʮɸߵľѹ죬Ǳǿɲһŷ·δ֪Ҫ˵궼ļ¡
̧ͷֲһȻ壬ɫʼղı䡣
ΪԶˣ
ĵ
ʮռ̬ɿɱͨĺ㵲һѾע
Żޱ顣
ǾͿһܲɱҡ
̡
£˵һʮϺһܼ磬Ѹٻһ֮֯ܡЩ໥ײ˵ʵ죬ǽŻȫȫΧм䣬γһεĹ
ǡƣ
дɫ


442 ֻ
ϵһ磬дϳΪƣʱΪ֮ݡ
ӡƣ
˾
ӡƣͨ׿ʦ£ȻһЩΪﵽ߾ĳǿߣ֮һҲϿ󣬵Ǻԣ첢ûдﵽľ磬붯ݣ뵽Ψһһԡ
ǿʦ
׼ǿ߾ɡ
ʦһоԶһЩǿĿʦ±ΪǺǿһӡһЩɱҲޱȵĿֲƳһƣòٴǶȣһЩͨİ׼ӵܸ𺳣Ŀⲻס˸ҡΡ
ˣ
â˸ܼһ죬ʱȫһС
Żһģ
˵ء
ĮԶԡ
ʮȷʵǳӦԣٶȼ죬һԲ֣ƣӦԡʼնܴݣûżΧŻһδιɱʵͬһʱ䣬ҲڿӡơΪƣǺܼ򵥵һ׼ƣֻʱӡŰپʮŵƣγһŹĴ򣬽ŻȫУ˲
ŻͱɫһζݣŹƶϣȻܶˡ
˵ˣֶΣұǣ

ܼĹѹ£âʢһС
ŻͨԪӿҪѳȥϧǰס
תۼѣŰپʮ£Żͳû
ͷӡһʮɸߵľ˺ʮرһ֮ѹ֧顣һ̣ΪŻͱƷԭԪжϣûؾ۶ɢ
⡭ʮ
Ĳ
ҴžеڶǿʮƬԽǿ˱Խ֪ĿֲԽ⿪ͬ޵СȻ˿̣ȴԵŻСΪˣ˽𺳡

У˵ɫѿ
֮ϣűŰپʮŵŵŻͣлĶһųʸֱӱڹ֮ϡӱ䣬ָţ˲佫״ԪԴԴϵĳ֧ʸϻ۶ȥ
ϽԪѹ֧ʸϣ֧ʸǷ˵ĲͬᣬǴ̶Զٰ׼ҵӶݣȫоһѹֵĿֲͻȻ֧Ҫֲ
͵һ֧ʸ𶯣һ֮⽻֯ʱ֧ʸϵϢøӿɲ·ͨ˾ĵ׻˾ϵ
ˣ
һ촫ԶסŻ͵Ĺ𶯣ʮƵ
Ⱦ첻ϴƻĹת۱롣
Цһɣ֧ʸʱ֮⣬˲Ϣǰ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ǰ첻ͣھŵ촫ȫƣŻһ˳
Ҳʱ֧ʸˣͬͷŭɱ
ͶСģ
Ҽȵ
ˣ

֪ŰپʮŵƻĹŻͶãʮͨ󣬱ֱȡԼȭԭԪԴԴϵѹ֧ʸڣ֧ʸ׼ŻͻһʱƵеĽƹ߳ǰ֧ʸǣŻͳһɲǣ֧ʸѾƵǰû˿ܵĻᡣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ֧ʸֱӴŻ͵塣
Ͷ
Ҽɫ̲סг
ŻͿѪ֧ʸ͸գۼʮԶĴĿʺ졣֮Ż͵ͣѪˮסµ䣬˲䱻ȾһƬɫͬһѪ˰㡣
վϣŻʹڴϢɫѿȥһ֮⽻֯ڹ֧ڷɿ޸塣֮£ֲ֧ɱʸ
̫Դ
ӱ䡣
֮ҷǳ֯ŨǱԴ֮⡣
죡
Żʹ̲סΪ̫壬ԳһֱǸ߸ͽǿߣѾǹϵͬһˣһЩϱǿ߶УͬǺʱ̫񡣿ȴǱһСʿɱˣһ˿µػŭ
һ񱩵Ԫ𶯣֧ʸ뱻˳ȥ
ҿʲôʱ򣡡

һֱһȭ¡
ȭâ򣬺ᵴʮռ䡣
ĥɵ֣
Żʹ
һֱֳܽ֯Ŵ֮⣬һĿֲ֯
һִΪҹžǿŻͽ֮߶ͬһı֡һЩһζݣû뵽ŻѾǿͨƿˣ߳ơ
ƴƴͨԶˣ
컰顣
˫ֿٽӡһɫڳʮЩɫһ𣬿ٽ֯һ¯¯а֮ΣáһڶһһɱҽȵĲյĿռ졣
ǣ
ǵɫ𡭡ǵؾĵѵе
⡭
׼һǿ𺳣ǰ˾ȻԣҾ羹Ȼܸߡ
пᣬ졣
ʥ¯

ҩмصһϵĳͨҪӵеؾĵſڲǰﵽƷҩʦΣƿ˵ؾĵ𣬱ǿʩչȴͨųƿԽһɻ棬Ŀ
䣬ǰһƶ¯¡
ɱ
ɱ
ͬʱ
ĥɻֺͷʥ¯ײ߾𶯣ֹâ֯ڰСһִƣֲĲӣ׼ػһ̣ҲǷŤ·ʱпܱйս߽𺳸С
ͨԾ죬ʱӰͬʱ˳
ŻһѪؿھ
һߣҲûкõĥɵֺܿ£ؿڻһǰ͸ѪӲֱӱŻͶԣʱ״̬ɺ࣬ΪŻǱѪȭˣȫ֧ʸᴩ뷭ʥ¯۵ѾǷǳء
㻹Ҫܣ

ʵϣıսûŻǿƿž˵ս츳簵տӡŰپʮŵƷŻͣ׼ʱ䣬֧ʸΧϣƵս֣ʼһѪȭһ־ϲǣֱɱŻ͡
һŻ͡
Ϊʤңûܣһͣ
Żͺ
˵һͨ׹˸һ޴Ĺľ
ľïܣҪо֦ɣÿһ֦϶һֻ񣬾Ǻݽڡ


443 ̫ս
ڣഫ̫֮ϵĻΪ֮ߣʳؼһл棬ӵзٻһеʱֻԻ˫ȫɻ֮۶ɣͨȼգע죬ȥ
ǣ
дԱɫ𺳵ĶŻ
ЩͨɾǿڣڽȹȻڹżп˿̼Żʹ߶ֻڣܲȣǿžֻ׹۶ɵĹľʱһʱٴζݡ
ѵǷɣľ
ഫڷɣ֦ͷôǷɣɣ
ֻڣһɣ⡭ʶ󣿣
𺳡
ֹסŲĶŻ
ɣľ;ֻһܣÿһ䶼һƳҵĻ棬һƣһشأͬϽ˳ˮΣȴԶȴϵ˳ˮοµĶ࣬ио˻
㣡
Ż͵䣬һ󴫳̶ֻУһֻ˳д泯ȥʱ䣬ռ͵죬ڿն·һ۶ɵʥʸȼһС
ʶΪֻ᣿

üɢһƬ𣬳ֳɫâĽ֯һһוּһʱʮƮգۼ۳һźɫ׹⣬ֱĳŷĽնȥ
ǡ
ҲʶǺɫɫĹâǡ
ôоϢ
һ˾ȡ
Σײһ߸ը鿪
Զ׼ҵһЩͨӶݣ˸һļ¡ŻͣЩİ׼ӵܲò̾Ϣʵ̫ǿˡ˴ͬһʱ໥ĲȴǺ蹵㾪ˡ
⡭𣡡
˿Ц
ձϣߣҡҷ֯
棬Ż󣬷ɣľһҡ󣬺һɣһƻ棬ղűնĽٴֶʶֻҪбάסֻںͷɣ㶼ʧͬһֻҪ˻ԶʧֹĹ
ɱ
ɱ
˸ԳԷ
̫ȼգֻںͬʱˣ˵ųҵĻ֮⣬ѹʮܵĿռȫ֡
ˣ
һƬƬ𣬻һڰɫУĳмϯն䣡
񱩵Ϣ֯һͬ˰㣬һ˸߹һˣǵϢ̫ˣһЩͨǿ߶ˣǳˣѾвǵˣһȻʵ̫

ͻȻһ
Żͻâҫۣһ֮͸ֽӡɣϵľֻڱøӾˣͬʱ໥һξ룬Χһ裬תۼ仯һֳҵ⻷Ļ档
ȻЩ£Ǳ췽ʩչĵؾɫҪֲ̫һ㣬İ׼˽Աɫ
㣡
ֻô֡
оâ貣һе鿪꣬Ƭ춼˽ȥĳ̫ϯնȥ
ǿֻ̬ںʩչһΣ޾ǸʱΪûǿܺܺõĿƣΪ죬ʵǿ࣬Ѿתռ̬
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
Ԫ𶯣ϴ
ֻڻ֣̫𣬷ɣľ΢΢ҡҷһһ̺޾ĻϢȥŻɣ֮£ͬǴңԶĹȥ̫ۣԵ
ﬣ
ϣ߶꣬ɫɫĹâһӿһֺڰɫСһ̣ߵÿһƬ궼һУ䲻пռ䣬ȴĥһС
˵Ĵײһǿ߶סˣˣǲŶѣȻѾǿ˵ز
䣡
ײ޴ı𣬳ϡ
ˣ̫ڳһ
һ
Ż󣬱̲֣һȵ̫г˳˲ܵһС󣬷ɣľɻأŻ̫һУǾֻǴΧŻͷ裬һشػԾ
ʱһǰδеĿֲɢֱӱһƬռ䡣
һ̣Żͽͨʶһʶѹ⣬̫ʹߵϢںһ֪Եס̫Ǵ˿̣Ϊ̫ʶһٵһ㡣
ǵһˣ

ô

ŻͿ粽̧ʶ̫һÿһ·е̫ռ·Ҫڻ
ƾڵ״̬Ҳɱң
Ц
˫ƽ죬ҡҷ¡¡𣬻һˣݺݵĳŻѹȥǿ粽ϣǚiתۼǱƵŻǰʯнһɫ¯ҩ˳
ǸǡҩĶ
ⶫȡʲô
ٰ׼ҵӺ棬ȻһЩҲ⣬Ҫʲô
Ȼһ̣˱ɫѹŻͣǚiƵǰֱӽ౦ת˹һһɫĻгɫ沢࣬ȴֲ·ҪյһС
ȻΪףںײƬϿз֣˴󲿷ףȴȻȡ˲ֻʯڣ浽ඦСǳԵһѳܵˣඦȴǵҩµĶȻ߱ɶȴǳļ̣²ٵİס
׷ųȻ֮ͨҲԵס
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ͬ鱻ڻ˰㣬ɫ渲Żͻľתۼ㽫ǵȼɫǰŻķɣϣճһȱڣƮ䵽Żϡ

ҽ𣬵һδŻͿд͵һ
޵е̫壬Ȼ˲ҽ
ŻԪ̫ʶһ壬Ѿţ֮ǽȻƿ⡣ҲʱƵ˽ǰ·ֱӳ̫Уݺһȭ¡
㡭
飡
һȭȵŻϣֱӴƬĴĿѪҺ
Żͺɣͷɢ˿
ӱǲԷϢĻᣬǚiһչֱӱȥ˫ֽӡһչǻûĹ⽣ȻŻʼʩչɱƿЩ⽣˷ն˹ȥ
۵ŻͲҽУˢӡ
죡
Żʹ޵޵еģ
ڣ
ĮӦһ˲ϢŻߡ
ǴһѪҲѪˮȾ˲٣ŻһսµˣȴԶԶûŻءŲһΣһһӰŻԱߣʩչȭȭȭ⣬ͣŻϡ
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷϵʱ𣬲ѪҺӿ׹¡
һĻסˡ
̫塭ˣ



444 ɱ󾪻
Ųϵսͬ걻˰㣬һȫסˡ޵е̫壬ųƵڶͬ޵еһЩϱǿ߶Ƕ֣ʿɰ£һǿĴڣȻˣ
׼ӵܶ죬ǾɫѾǰ׼ҵĴС
ǣһ棿
ôǿ𣿡
˭
˶ˡ

ҽд̶ϣӶȭٴŻ͵ϡ
һŻͺɣѪ䡣
İˡ
׼Ҽס˸һ˲˲Ķ졣
޵е̫壬ˣİˣܸͬʿǡҰܣ
̫ʥغͨʥصĳǱסˣ³һ
ôⲻܣ
׺ҵɫܲÿҲ󲻵ҵ̫Ȼᱻܡ
϶žɫɣ˵ɫѿޱȡһΪ̫ȻôԼǰǱ
䣡
ϣԪ֮⻹ţһȺŻϣŻгֿ⣬ȴĵסˣǰ󼸴ⴴѾ˵̫ء
пᣬһȭŻͺϢ͵һ䡣
˽㣡

һֳһƬǿգİǹ㡣ǿУһԲԻŵ»ԣֳһʥâ
ǣ
׼Ҽɫǰͨǿ£û뵽ȻҲչ˳ܱȲϰﱾʩչǿȴȫ߱ǵҲǷǳĿ¡
ʲô
⡭
ԭʼ̫Ĳ
˶ݡ
ǿպʣգƬһ澰ŵʥ֮⡣
һ·ɳŻܿ͡£ֻ߶ȴڵһʱ佫Żͺɣӡӱɱ⽻֯ǿҲһ
һʱ䣬ǿգ£һŻ͸ǡ

һŭ
וּһһꪳնϣֱ졣
Ҽ֣һԾ񷡣
ɫһ˲ʮԶܿҼһ
ҼٵǿնϣͬһɽŻм䣬⽫ŻͰŻ죬ɱ⣬Լһ̫ȻˣǰʮУĿ⣬һƬɭȻ
϶֪

ҼͻȻһҲ⣬ЩôԼһ̫屻ɱҼŻͣϴŲмŨŨļ֮ɫ̫壬̫ˣһֱϱǿߵıӻ¶ѣһҲҳͬһˣо춪ˣ
䣬顣
ŻͻѪԵЩȴ罣񣬱졣
ΪĿɱˣǿԣ͸Ρ

СҪԴ󣬿ڳԣҼڣɭɭĶ죬˵ձɵƣֿµĻ棬ʲôҶƾ㼺ǹһսҶһָ㣡
Цϵķ֮ɫŨ
˵϶㻹ǾöɡɨҼɨ̫ʥغͨʥصĳϣɨ׼һڴĿҼϣҿ޵һѣҵ̫˶ꣿΪβ߳С磿Ϊʲô곤أǶʱ䣬ҴɱǧЩϼһʲôЬ䣡
Įٴαɫ
ֻһࣿ
ôܣ
ܣ
˽𺳡
һЩﶢ죬һҲ˸Ǿ㤡
ڶôλϵ̫ʥӣͨʥӣ壬壬̫壬Щ˸ʵǿᣬȴǺǰͿʼУȻԼֻһ࣡һ࣬һͨ˿絽죬˺ųƵڶͬһ˵̫壬Ǻεȵ쵽㣡
Щһ죬ҪߣҪ˵˵󻰣ǣǶɫȴʧˡıУûпһ˿һ©һźƽɫ֤ʵԲ顣
ʱĻҲǿᰡ
׼ֱϵ૵
ͻȻ䣬һ
տ˵󻰣κ˶ᣬΪܻס˭Ҽ죬ռʤҶɱҲˣԵѪĴıпԲ飬еɱǱøӵŨ
һûɱǿʱҲҶ֣ǰҪɱң첻мһжΪ׷ɱ̫һζѣԼһʥӽУΪɨǰ·ǿУαضҽڣ
˵ܲٰ׼ҵӵ
޵е̫壬ȻǷ
Żкâը䣬Ķ죬Ϊ̫壬ȴ
˵ǷšԾǣһսһֻһȣ
춢Ż͡
ŻһֱӾҪǰȴǱҼ
գֻһʬ塣
Ҽ
䣬һӰڿնҵĳȫգס졣Ƕһͨǿߣ˿̣Ͻתɱ˿Ρ
׼ҼҵȽ֮УѰ幫㿴Σûɣ
ҼŰ׼Ҽ
׼Ҽ̾ϢΪСŮĹϵ̫Ϊ죬鷢չزѾ˵ʲôΪ첻ȴӰ׼뿪Ҹո˸У̫ҲɱҲܻưոݡ
ȻûϷ֣һѹ˶
һ
׺ҵվ˳һա
Ӳɱ̫ǿߣӦնʱ̫ʥһݡ
ͨʥء
̫ʥغͨʥصĳȺգнɭɭɱ⡣˵Ǳնɱ죬̸ţֳսʵ̫ˣս츳ͨطԾǳɳ̫ʥغͨʥضԣɻһѣҪһжɱҡ֮С
תۼ䣬ʮͨǿ߽Χ
Ҽ䵭ɨ죬ͬڿʬ㣬̫ա
ϣе
Ұ˸ϣ׼һˣ̫һˣͨһˣʮһͨǿߡ
վѣҲҴϹңѰ·
׺ҵ
֣˵ϻֱն
һ˵
׺ҵͷ˵
ʮһ˶죬ǿɱҪһС
ʮһͨɾϱǿߵΧıԵúƽ˿Ҳûη֮ɫΪҹһ˴ʲô׼ûУ
׼̫ʥصĳЦʲô׼㵱ϹʱĴʲôƾһСʿ׼ɳ룿Ϊ̫ʥصĳϣڵĴϹҲֲ٣Ĵźεȵĵ̣Ҫ˵һСʿȻͨĴǿߴҲʲô·ʱ˵ĻʵھúܺЦ
ޱ飬ֻϸֳһ˿пᡣ
ϣЦĳ
ĵ
Ż䣬ˮʯƮҡ
ᣬ
Ļ£ˮʯһ𣬶ʱҡض·涼̮
ⷽɲǼ䱻һɻԵǣǧֱ۰ϸɱ°׼ػƽ֯ڸ䣬Ҳסɾɱһ˲䣬ֽͬһ㣬ôֱӱ˴Ƭ


445 ָ췭ظ
Ʊ任ʧɫƬռҲֳ֪˶ٷ磬̫ϵʮһȫȫУεɱض·ҡ
ǣ
ɱ󣡡
ɱ󣿶ңɱǣɱôܻôǿ
׼Ҽɫ׼һڴɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ҼǶݣ̫ͬҲ⣬ɫú
¡
ҡɱһ񷶼񱩵쫷һϯܡ
ƬСĿռȫɱ֯һɷ·Եĺʮ
ʮһͨǿȫɱУĲǱɫ
ʲô
̫ʥصĳֱӱɫ亹৵
ƫͷˣôЦˣ
㡭
̫ʥصĳ϶ʱɫúѿʵܵɱ̫ڿˣͨɵһ۷ǿʿһҲǸо֮ǰЦνġ׼һСʿ׼˿ãڣЩսˣȡ׼ʵЩļ¡
ӱ䣬죬ǧɱм䡣
䣡
εɱ֯εɱ𶯣·Ҫһ㣬ֲ˷ָ
̫ʥصĳϣ̧𣬵ǰ
¡һʮɱͬʮɱݺݵնԷ
ںڳɾ׿ʦһ˿ʰɱڴ֮ǰѾȫ֮ߣˮʯӡɱ̨ʮһͨǿߺΧϣսԲǶ֣ǣֱӼɱ
䣡
ռҡһƬƬ顣
ʮɱ£ӲͬĽǶȱƽ˲̫Ͻǰ
̫ʥصĳŭ𣬼̫ʥصͨһǿķϧȴЧɱһжͽͣͨ˲䱻顣
һʮɱڶ
Ҫס
ۣ
Ѫʮɱѹ£ǽ̫ʥصĳնķǡ
̫ĳϣ
˲ˡ
ôܣ
׼ڶսֲ̿ѡ
ǿͨɾǿߣ̫ʥصһλϣɲǼͱɱˡ
׼ҼͰ׼һҲǱɫܸоЩɱƵĿ£ȴû뵽µ˳̶ȣȻ˲ǽһͨɵһ۷ǿˡ
񷣬ƫͷˡ
պ׼һƬڰɱһת˲ﻯһµԶɱʱ˿̣εɱӿͬؽҪ˰㣬еһжڱ飬￪ʼ߽⣬ֲˡ
¡
һɱͬȺ˹
ȳȥ
ǿߵ
Щ˽ǸоɱĿֲ׼߳ȥٺΧɱ졣
ֻǺܿ죬һ˽ԱɫܼɱܣǸ߲ȥ

׺ҵŭ
ƫͷס׺ҵ絶һ㡣
ӭ񣬰׺ҵһɫĺȵҪʲô
ɱⰻȻ̧ʮɱݺύ϶
ʮɱ⣬ȫ׼˰׺ҵ
㡭
һ˲䣬׺ҵо궼
ˣס֣ͣ£
׼Ҽе
Įã𣡡
ڽʱһ죬ԼԸӼİţ᲻ʱǹɫÿдȻ֪ΪʲôҲװνİָʲôǣֱӸ˿϶Ļش
ǵãõ϶شʱǹʱúܻϲܸˣҲʱҴһƳսȭͷǸʱɻ󣬵ȴûжʣֱһˮʯȫˡ
̫壬ڶ콾ӦԼĻԻΪ˼ʢȴҪԼƳȥΪĸ壬ǺεȵıΪ˰ҲΪ˵Լ½׼ָ췭ظҲҪ³˽ᣬð׼Ҳûװ뷨
㡭׼ҼɫѿһƬࣺڸᣬΪʲôִԲ򣡼ﲻػ磬Ҳɱƴڣȱд棬ƾһվʿֵܵס׼ҼȷʵΪ죬Ȱ
ֻǣ˿Ϊ
Űɣ״̫뷨ұ̰֣򣬽ҽ׼ָȮ
Į
ˣ̫ˣһССʿΪҰ׼β㣿
ҪҲɱƶԸ㣿
׼гϺȵ
ǿԿ
鲻䡣
Ű׺ҵӱ䣬ʮɱȫˣնǰ
һֱӱ˴Ƭ
ɱ⣬ʵ̫ںˡ
Ƿ
׼гȡ
һ֣Ȼ䣬ƬͲɱƳ֣ͬƵһ˵ɱ⡣ȻЩɱûɱɱ£ȴʤܼܶ࣬ɱͬˮһӿѹɱơ
˵һʮɱܵ谭켣䣬
һĻʱɱƸǵʮͨǿ߽Ƿ
׼Ҵɱƿͣ
׼Ҽ̾Ϣһ˴׼ңΪ˰Ϊ˰ΪĳӺСŮڣ׼ȴɱѹƣȷʵ̫ܡ
˵ˣҰ׼ܹҴ
׺ҵ
ۿʮɱⱻ£˷ٴθֳɱ⡣
Դˣֻ֣
ˣ
⸡ֳһɫâʱ׼ҵɱƺû
ɱɱָʼٶǿ
ô£
ɱƣڲ
⡭
һĻȻ˲ʱԶݡǰ׼һڴǣɫڵɱƣǸܹоɱƱˡ
춢Ű׺ҵɫâŨ
׿ʦתһǿŰ׼ڵɱ
׼ʼ浱ȻǿĿʦ磬ǣǿʦûǿȥ߽ײζѣȲεĿʦӡµɱƣɱƣ׿ʦˮ׼ԸϾпʦһĶžһɱƣûпʦڿơ
һˮʯ֡
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ɱøӿɲһһƣֲĳΪ֮
׼˶ʱɫ𾪡
һܼɱâӿƺƵ£ֱ׺ҵɱ֮¡
ס֣
׺ҵС
ͬһʱ䣬׼ڶȳ⣬ͣ¡
ϧôܰ֡
ɱ׼ˣˣ
һ޾ɱ£ֱ׺ҵǡ
۵һѪը׺ҵֱӱ飬
ϣ
׼һڴǾŭȻڰ׼ڣɱ׼һͨǿߣ
첻Ϊԣƫͷסһˡ
ֵˣ죬һҲȫ
ĵ
ƺӦĻһɱ𶯣ɱͬһڣĲɫȻǰ׼һЩʿӦȿֲ


446 Ա
ǣ
ǿɱ⡭
׼ڷʲô
׼⣬һʿļ¡
ʱ˿̣Ӱ׼ȥ׼ĳƬڵĲϣնɫֲɱһһĴǸطİ׼һʿľ
䣡
׼ڣɱƵһǿһ
ϣסҰˣһɱֱӳǰȥ
ֻǿ̳һǵɱʮ֮һǣһɱȴҲ㹻ֲˣǹɾɱ·նɱе飬һЩͨİ׼ҴﶼĲоȻ

ǿɫ
˺һȫ⡣
ǰ˸ͨɾǿߣͨɵǿڣ˿̣һ֣ʱ䣬֮ͨ𣬾һֲֿĹɱֶΡȻһ̣Щ֮ͨɱɱ⣬ʱ֮ͬ㣬˲Ϣ顣
ܣ
˱ɫ
䵭̧𣬵ָһˡ
䣡
ɱתʮɱ𣬽Ҫᴩ֮С˵Ʒ·һϵ٣˿־岻ѣٵ
һͨɳǿ߱ɱûֱӻѪ
һɱУٴαɫ
ȥȥ
˽е
˺ͨʥصĳҲ˹˴ǿߺһĻ
󣬰Գһͨɱһնȥ
ˣ
̧֣ͼ۶ǰ
ǰһһٵɱѹ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ͬʱ뵹ɣǴڿѪ
УǿĴͨ죬ǳǿʵսǿ졣Ȼ˿̣ɱ̨ǱԵЩˣֱǲһ
䣡
һƬɱâͬһƬ⺣ֱӽһûС
۵һûκʣ˱飬
⡭
ôᡭ
Ȼ
׼һڵӶˣ֣̿ʮһͨɾǿߺΧϣȴתۼ䱻ɱˣǶ죬Ǻͬһﰡд󲿷ֶ󣬿ǣԷȴ˿ֲǾ߱µֶΡ
׼ҵһЩҲǸɫÿǰ׼ڲɱƾȻŤˣѹˣԶʲôʵԵ˺һ̣ǰ׼ڵɱɱǰȻͬСһ㣬һ־ŭ
󣡡
Ҽŭһɱǰ
˵һ˼ǿͨնǰΪͨǿڣսǷǳĿ£ʱͨѹɱɱƣʱһնɵòֻǺܿϧ֮ͨɱϣȴǸûʲôЧֱӱ˿
ɨһۣһƬĮ
һɱƵٴѹһǿߡ

ۣ
ǿ߾ִУֱӱɱûһƬѪ
ҼŭҾŸͨɳˣʼһˣѾУֱ衣ң貢ҪҪǣĸͨǿ߰ǶϹҶԣĸͨǿߵҲһĪʧǲɳ֮أҪ֪ǿʮɣһҲͨʿѡ

Ҽŭ
˵һһڱꪴڳƵſµɹ⣬һƷ
Ʒâֱѹ˹ȥ
ֻǣûʲôãģһǧɱӭϣ˱ꪡ

Ҽ
䣬ɱ󣬿նͨǿߣɵסͨ۷ڣҼȻǿȻӡɱɱԷǶԷҪ湥ӡµɱƣȴҲǸܡ
ӱ䣬һǧɱⲢ
꣡
ʮһâ䣬һǿϡ
һյڶǿߣתۼǱûɱķѡ

ĵ
Щˣ飬һɱƷ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ܼɱûȥҼŭУȥ
⣬Ȼֵסȿֲɱ⡣

ҽһ˱ɱУһֱӱ顣
ǚi쵽˼顣
ˣ
Ӷȭݺؿڣ֮ķ顣
ۣ
һߣʮɱ£ٴһͨɳϡ
תۼ䣬ҳİ˻ʣһߣǻվͨʥصĳϡ

ҼŭƷɱ
ͬһʱ䣬׼ҼҲѹȥһ˱ΧͨʥصĳҲ棬׼ңΪ׼ҵĳϣǲЩ˱նɱ˿̸չͨ
䣡
һʱ䣬ɿµϢӿ𣬳ȥ
һתΪɱӳ֡
ʱ䣬ӿֲɱƵֲɱһնأҼͰ׼һ˱ɳȥ

ҽˣһ˱ɱûֱӻѪ
ƫͷסͨʥصĳϡ
ûжĻֻдźεɱ⡣
ͨʥ϶ʱɫһס֣Ǹɱ
䣡
ɱڣһ˵ɱ˲佫ͨʥصĳû
ɱɢԭֻеѪƣԤʾͨʥصϣն
⡭
˶ˣʮһͨǿߺΧϣתۼ㱻նʮˡ
ʮˣǿɸͨǿ߰
ħħ
а׼ҵ૵
ŲӰа׼ӵܸɫ԰ף̲סɪɪ
ϣ裬Į
𶯣ƬƬѣʮ쫷Ƭռ⣬ɱĻꡣ
ƫͷסɱеһˡ
ﬣ
һ޾ɱ𶯣ƺƵĳǿѹȥ
ȥɱ⻯˺󣬿ֲ㡣
ʣµǿߴͨɵ۷壬һǿ־֮ɫܿ죬ʶζ޷ֵסǰѹĺɱʱϵĿ־֮ɫɢȥתϷͬھҲҪ㣡
һһޱȿ񱩵ڱ֮ͨ۷ǿҲ˶٣ڣɿڲϱǿתۼǴﵽһٽ㡣
ǣ
Ա
˱ɫ
ʿﵽͨɾ۵һ㣬ǣѪ֮У֮ըޱȿֲĽһͨ۷ǿԱǵȻԱȵһĴǿߵĹ
ˣ
а׼Ҵȵ׼ڵӳ˵أԼҲź˿
Ҽ˫ĿѪ죬ۿԼһĳԱɱУʹ˿ȴŻˡΪͨǿߣһͨʿԻ٣ҲǷǳΣյ£ҪǱǵȻ֣Իдѡ
ϷһڣɱҲã
ҳ
һ̣˵ȻҴܣпɲĻϢ


447 ׼ҵ
ͨǿԻ٣ֲͣһƵɢתۼ䣬ǵȻϢǱɱҪֲ˶㤡
ɣ
ɫ
ɱƱ鲼ܣΪģ¡¡һȴҲܵӰ졣
һͨǿԻɱУǵϢĺˡ

Цһ㡣
ҼɫѿȭͷΪôһվСҾȻȥһǿ߲֮ܽɱô˵ȥҲ
׼һڴҡͷأ̾Ϣ
αء
׼ҼɫȻ
׼ҪƳȥ̫ҲĻΣöԲŮɼ־һȫ̾Щ£һһͨǿԻ٣Ҫɱ죬ǾøΣԾԲ
ϾǰΨһѡ
Ҫˣ
׼һӽקȭͷ
¡¡
𶯣Ϣ纣ӿĻꡣ
ȿֲܲȴɱϢǿȼ֮
Ϸһȥ
ҳ
һ̣ϵĻϢѾޣͻը
ǧɱ֮䣬ϣɫ˿䣬һƬĮ
ˣ
̧֣ͼ۶Ʈǰϸǡ
ҳЦ㻹ʲôʲôҲã͡
ͻȻҳϵĻֹסˣɫ䡣һ̣ȼڿʼϨ𣬷·һˮͷϵĻϢ˲
ʲô
̲ס
ޱ飬ɨˡӡľ磬Ȼ򲻶ŻͼĳͨǣҪһԻ٣һҲѣʱͼʱĻϢȫѹȥ
ǣ
ѹͨǿߵԻ٣
ôܣ
˽Աɫ
ԭ˶ΪҪˣɽȴˣҳϵԻ٣Ȼ׾پͱ
ܣ
Ҳ֣ԼԻپȻֹˡ
һžŰʮһɱն
㡭
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ͨĳ˲䱻ķǣѪȾա
һ˲䣬˶סˡ
֮ǰһУȫƿС
׼д૵
׼һӸֹס˶оˣһͨǿԱȻ⵽һεȿֲˣ
죡
ŭ
Ҽ죬˫۳죬ɱ⡣ʮͨǿ߸ϵ˱նˣͨɾڰǼеĳϣǿս֧ţȴһռȫС
Ż˫Ŀ絶һˡ
ǵһʱо
Żͣ˼֣㣡
£ս£һŻͿȥ
ɱ⽻֯һƬƬ⣬ƶƶŻѹȥ
Ҽɫһ䣬ӭ졣ſǼʶʩչǵɱĿ£ͨǿ߶ɱŻشԪ򲻿ܵסȿֲɱһǽȥɡ
˵һѹϣն¡
Ŀɱһ˲佫ꪱɣ޾ɱնҼ
Ҽȫ⣬һֱӱɡ
ס֣
˴С
׼Ҽ߳ǿǰ
ÿ
䡣
Żͣɱ
ֻҪɱŻͣһбͽˣ򣬰Ҳɣٵıȥƻ顣ɱŻֱͣӾܴӰ׼߳
̫ˣ
׼ǿߺȵ
׼ɱʮͨǿߣ׼ҵһͨɾϣǰ׼Կ𡣴ʱҪɱ̫壬⼸ͷһ̫ɲǻָһ彵ء
ɱǣ
ɭ䡣
ǰļ׼Ҵɱ⡣
Щ뽫ƳȥƻԵõˣûһøС
ǰ粽ɱ𶯣ɱӱˡ
¡
ֲɱһƽ֯ĿĶŻ͡
ˣΪԼΪҪ֮ն
ˣδ̫ˡ
һĮ
Ϣ䣬Ӱ֣뷢ףɢϢҼǿ
λ̫ϳϣ
׼ҵǾ
߳ϽżΪĲͬһŵĻɽ¡
ǰ׼ҵ̫ϳϣԴͨ۷塣
ͣ£
һ˵
ɨһۣ޹˼ɣֱӱŻ͡
һΪܼ֮ɱͬһӿǰӿȥ
ҪŻɱķΧڣֱ顣
ſˣ
׼һ̫ϳϵ
˿粽ֳһӰȻǧͨһ졣


תһɱһ׼̫ϳɡ
׿ʦɱ󸲸ܣնɱͨǿߣԵסͨ۷ǿߵĹʱ԰׼ҵļ̫ϳϣ˿Ҳûо⣬תһǿɱƣԺ֮ѹ
⡭
̫ϳϿǴͨɾ۷尡ôᱻ
ܰ
׼һڵӽԱɫ
һͨ۷ǿߣȻҲסĽŲ
׼ҼҲǶݣĿ¶ɫ
˵İ׼̫ϳϾȣܿͳеɱȷʵܲ£ʱ䣬׼⼸̫ϳһѹǰ
䣡
û˿ֱӳ֣졣
תһȫ
ʱ䣬ɱøӿ£ɱ⽻֯񱩺ˡ
飡
飡
飡
Ȼ䣬׼̫ϳֱӱˡ
һĻһپ
̫ǿˣͨ۷ǿߣȻҲԵסĲ
ֲ㣡
ֻղζѰ
⡭
תɣ
૵
׼ҼĶ죬ɫѿһһΡΪǶõĸףƻСŮСŮ뿪ֳİȫвСŮһɵˣȴΪԼŮһ˶ȺۣĮ޾ʹ·ںݺݳĶ⡣һΪŮ˵زȴʲôҲˣ̡
䣡
ᣬ򵥵һرΪ֮ζտı顣
˵һĿˮ̨ӿֲɱ⽻֯ҪɱһС
˲ѣ׼̫ϳϽǶݣȫ¶𾪵ı顣
̣
һ˵ͳ
һ˵ͷ˺һ
ɲǼ䣬һɼΪɲϢ
׼Ҳϣֱˣһڱ¯г˳ʼһֱɢһеĲ궼ڷ


448 ׼
¯ͬһֲ֣ĲѹŤ˵㡣
ʱоһѹֻǣɫȴ˿Ҳûб仯
ǿ
а׼ӵܾϲ
˿̣¯һ׼ҵǽ¶Цݣȫǳɱǿܿ£ȴҲܵסǿ̡
¯£ͷ
ڱ¯Ϊѵ¯Ϊ׼ʼǿΪƷǳĿ¡
׼̫ϳϸɫĮһ˿ڣȷʵܳɫϧˡ
һѵ¯𶯣â
ȹâڸ߿գƺƵĶ׼졣
λϵȵȣɷҪ
׼ҼͻȻڡ
˷ǲľ飬׼ҼǶˣֻһ޷ȫ־ˡΪ˰Ͱ򵽰׼ڲΪͰĸףвидȫΪǶã˵ء
׼ڵһ㶣㶵ĶԼһļ壬׼ôͻȻҪ֪ԼĴ˰֮ǰҲ֪ɱԼһˣֱӴڣü𣬼ô飿
һߣҼ׼Ҽ¶֮ɫˣоŸͨɾУĶ̫Ҳ㱻ɱ׼ҼʱȻ飬кܲ
ƫͷ׼ҼһĨ⣬ܿҲƽ
ҹǺ⣡
׼һ̫ϳü
׼Ϊҹ˶촽ϾΪǡ
׼Ҽ̫ϳüɨҼһۣȥ
ϡ
£
׼̫ϳϳ
ҹǰ׼Ҽλ磬Լһ̫ϳϱȣҪЩϹ治̫ϳӵоԵĻȨȻƽЩ̫ϳϲԤľϣȴѾƽռ䡣
ӽձն
׼һ̫ϳϵ
鷢չ˵زΪ˸һҲܷŹ졣
һѵ¯𶯣һƬƬĹ
ˣ
ߣ죬ɱ⺮â
׼һ̫ϳ϶죬˶٣ˣʲôԸΪҰ׼ңֻҪϷɡ
׼ҺĶԹѾ˽⣬һʼǰ׼ҵĴ촳Ϊһ콾˼֣̾Ϣֻǣɱ˰׼̫ˣɱҾŸͨɳϣɱ̫ʥغͨʥһϣЩڰ׼ڲΪ˸⼸һǲܻŹ졣
춢ˣޱ飬ĿŻ͡
ɱңҲҡ
ĵ
ˣ
£һű⸡֣ʱɢһޱȰԵϢնŤģɢһ糤Բ񵶣һƵľӨ֮⽻֯ܣɢϢ˿ҲȰ׼ҵѵ¯
ǣ
ȱȱĵ
ôȷ
׼һڵӽԱɫ
ȱҪ֪ڵڶֻǼϹʱĶУһվСʿȻչֳһȱ
ʮ
Щˣ׼Ҽ̫ϳϣҼ׼ҼЩ˸𺳡
ΪЩ˶ϵڵ
׼һ̫ϳϳҵĵôУ
ޱ飬ǰ粽
ﬣ
ͷһ𣬵̶
ɱ֯⣬һƷȱͷɻһеĲ֯ʱ䵴һɹ˵쫷磬ϯϰ˻ġһ̣ΪģԲɵĿռ˻Դأ˽Ϊ֮֡
һĻİ׼Ҽ̫ϳ϶ɫ

ĵ
ǰ粽ͷһֱնŻ͡
ֻҪնˣеһУᡣ

׼Ҽ̫ϳɫһֱѵ¯ӭϣס߶񵶡
ײһܶʱв̨ͤķѣ
ð׼ﻯһƬȱ

һ䣬𣬹⻪졣
һɱ壬ɱΪ񵶵ԴȪ޾ˡ
һƬһŤһ飬׼ҵػƸá
ͣ£
׼һ̫ϳϵ
ȱû뵽쾹ȻҲУ׼ڲȱ۷ڴ߶ಮٵ£׼һᱻٵ߰㡣ΪȱƷ£ػá
첻Żͣһǰеɱû˿Ρ
ﬣ
նŻ͡
ɱ߶ȱʱƸӵĿֲ
׼̫ϳɫһٴѵ¯ӭϡ
ڵײԶûзӳȫƣɢĲȴǻԵģɲǼ佫ܵĴƬͥٴ飬ʯȫѿһ̻
ˣҪ̫֣
׼һ˵
ҹ֣Цһ϶Ϊ˹ƨļʢȥһʮŮһԼϲˣȴ֣˭֣Ű׼һˣǵĺˣǿõĹߣ
һͷ𶯣⻪ֲĵâ˺ʮա
ﬣ
ϯ˻ġ
£һɱնǰ뽫ˡ
գ˭Ҳסң

񵶿·һɱ壬ǿг忪׼̫ϳϣնһֲâƺƵĳŻѹȥȵâЩֲԶԶıǳһ޴ĿռֲЩˡ
׼̫ϳϱɫæѵ¯ӭϡ
ϧһײ£վһûܹ£ֱĳŻ͡

ҼƷꪣǰ
һꪱ飬ҼֱӱѪɡ
ȱƣɲǼ򵥵Եֵ
һٴο粽
וּһͷ񵶺ٴγŻնȥ
һΣʮһɱ
Ż⣬ٺˣΪ̫壬Ҫסȴܡ
׼˶֣ѵ¯ӭǰ

ȵ
ɱ߶ͷ񵶣ǵ˿ҲȰ׼˺߶ѵ¯ײ¡һ죬Ҳ֪ٵ˰׼ҶͥԺء˳Ĳٰ׼ͨӸٳԶߡ
ĿɱٳٴαŻ͡
Żͣųͬһڱɾ͵
ȵ
תһɱøӿֲ񵶵õǿɱ֧ţâǣҪ׼ҵѵ¯ѹŻͣһתĸ죬ͷһѵ¯ɣֱĳŻնȥһʱ䣬ûһŻͱɣѪ⡣

Ŀ⣬߶񵶣֮ٶȱø죬գۼŻͽǰ
ˣ
Ͷ
˱ɫҼɫұ䡣
ʱһԶһնŻ͵񵶱ɳȥ
ˣֵ̫ˡ

׼һһһ˲Ϣ˽ǰ
ڣ
׼˴ϲд


449 
׼һϮۣɫƽϵϢԨһ嫣ɲ⡣
棡
ǰ
׼ˣҼд
׼ıûʲô仯ֻǵ˵ͷĿϡ
ˣδ̫˰ɣҰ׼ͥԺ˲١
˵
΢׼֣ʱоͬһķᱮ㡣ԷϵϢ̫ˣһ׵ĺڶˣۡ
ֻǣûʲôη֮ɫ
ҵġ
˵

ʲô
̫ˣ
׼Ҳ˺ȵʵڹſˣһڣȻ̬ԣʵ̫
׼ҡͷѾϤ£죬ҵǺ
ãһ㣿

׼˫ۣˣҺ㡣˵ţҡҡͷֻǣ㲻ԭĹ̫ˣⲻһ
˵ţ׼һ֣Զѵ¯𶯣৵ĳͷ
䣡
ʱ䣬һɼΪ˵ϢɢԶԶ˳ȥⲨҲ֪֮ǰ׼˴߶ǿ˶٣һʱ䣬ضʧȥɣеһȫﶼȿֲϢ֮С
ϢУֻоͷҪɢ˰㣬Ȼ񵶺ɱ壬ȴҲǰöûСԴˣò̾Ϣ׼ҵ̫ǿˣǴǿߣԷΪ߶ȱûм֮
˵һ׼̧֣ѵ¯𶯣ѹȥ
ûʲô仯ûѣǻ֮ȴ
ȰòҪ֡
ڡ
ӭŰ׼߶ѵ¯о嶼Ҫˣɱ͵죬ѾвٵɱƱ𡣲Ȼˣȴ򶨣񵶻ס壬ĮĶŰ׼ҵĴ棬Ŀƽ˲졣
ƽ˾ȣ׼ڡ
Һܺ棬ʲô˵Ȼ
׼
죬ǿȷʵܲ⣬ʱƿȱΪһǿߣҲֱնȻҲȱ֣ɱϾΪ̫ˣԵסͨ۷ǿߣȴܵס
ˣ֪ˡ
˵
׼棬׼һڵӡ
ͬʱ׼ЩҲ⣬Բ̽ܿ죬һԱɫ
ҵԪˣ
ô£ңʲôӦˡ
⣬ʲô
а׼ҵӾС
׼һЩӼüǲûзʲô¡
ңҵԪˣ
棬ô£
ǣ޷ʹˡ
׼ڣһ
ܿ죬ȴ׼Ҵﵽͨɾ⣬˶ɫǵԪһȫˣҪ˵ͨ򵥵似ʩչ
׼ü̧־һ׼ҵӣʶһɨӿƬ⣬ԴԴϵӿ뵽⣬תԪֻǺܿ죬ǿߵüͷĸΪȻ޷ڵԪת
ڣҡôˣ
˿־
һʿԣһͻȻԼûǼֱǿֲجΡ
ȵֶΣ˶ЩʱǵԪȻָܻ
׼һ
֮ǰ쵷ٰ׼ҾݵʱʹùƵֶΣ˻ӡ󡣼ǵãʱҲԪͻȻᣬûйȥã»ָ˹
ϣ
֮ǰз£ùֶͬΣһЩ޹֮꣬ûþתԪ
ǾͲõˡ
ԣ˿˵ΪʵǶһ١
ԴˣֻǱЦ
䣡
ҲʱԶһɳҵ̫
Żȫ֮⸲ˣһ֣һɣ;֧ڣ̫ʶһ𣬽֮֡󣬽ģâɢȥŻϵϢָֻɫԵֲ԰ࡣ
ʱԵᣬжʴԪ
Żͳ
⻰һİ׼һǱɫΪ⻰Ǵ޵е̫˵
춢Żͣâ֯
̫ԴȷʵֵܹסҩЧôʱ䣬֮ܽˡ
ĵ
ڽ׼ҺȺʮö򵤣ȵҩɫζԵͨɾʿԪʱѰҩֱӱϵǿ߳Ҳı䲻˽֡û뵽ŻսĹУʱתԪȻһֱֵҩЧңʱ֮ܽĥ
ŻɫĿɱĶ졣
ʲô
׼濪ڡ
ʱ򣬰׼ɫ΢ѵ¯Ҳȶ
򵤣ɫζͨɾʿԪŰ׼棬ޱĵڣ׼֮ڣͨɾµʿȫ򵤵ҩڵòƵĽҩǡֱӷϵ
˵ʲô
ʱ䣬׼˽Աɫ
Ȼɾ߱Īĳǰ׼ҵĴҲΪ֮ɫ
׼Һǿʿ࣬УųɾŶͨɾµʿЩȻǿȴһĸڣΪʱͨɾǿ߶Щг֣ЩУ˻ΪԺ֧šڣЩڻûǿʱԪҪ׼һ˶־

ġҡ
ǣҪϵ𣿣
׼һЩӽԾ
׼һ̫ϳ϶죬ŭôôݶ
һ̫ˣֱڻ׼ҵĸƻϹҡ
ݶԱѡ
ĵ
֪׼Һܿ£Ĵ׼ֶΣܵеùһĴǿߣϾ߼Ϊ̫ˡԣ׼򵤣׼ͨɾµеȫΪӺ͵ƣΪ֮ҩǵԪԴв׼ҵĴǿߡ
Դǿߣֻһпá
ҩҷŹ㣡
׼
ɫ˿䣺Űɣڽ̫ĻԼһ뿪󽫽ҩϡ
̸
׼ɫһ
Ц㿴ں̸ʸ̸˵䲻Ļڸᡣ
ĵ
׼ʱɫһҲû뵽쾹׼ֶΣ񣬰׼ͨɾ£˵ȫƿСȻΪǿսǿ󣬵ȴ治Ҷ춯ˣҪɱ죬ھն˰׼ͨǿ֮˵֮·׼ֱӻٵųɡ
ʱ׼һɿϢ𣬹⻪һɢ
춯ݣӰʶУ֪Ӧķ

׼ҼſڣκΨ̾Ϣ
ǿնϣ׼һŻǰһϤӰУ˲ʧŻ֮
Ǵ

Ҳʱ׼գվ档
ΪڣѾС죬׼濪ڣѲ⣬ҿ̽ͬʱٶʱ䣬ҲȥԴΪ㽫򵤵Ľҩҡ


450 ѧ׼
ƫͷ׼棬мͷ̣ȵزҲǳ׼ʶˣԼһ֮вң¼㹻ԡ
˵ʲô
׼ɫʱһԽԽˣá¼
ߣŲһΣǚiŰ׼ǵŻȥ
Ͱ˵ὫȥԼ
ڻ߳
Į
৵һٶȼ죬գۼܿ׼棬뵽֮ڡ

Żһɾ޴˺񵶻壬˺˲ʧ
ԼʮֻоһǰĿռʱ
ȥ˿һƬĲãأľݰܣ谵һƬƬռڣоܵһƺʵĴڣ·á
򣿡
ü
ɨܣûиоʲôΣգͬʱҲûпӰ
ǰȥˣٶȵͦ졣

˶٣ûԥ룬ҲƬãظȥ
ƬãŲɳŲⷽرһӡЩӡܿˣǱɳڸǣӰ㻺ʧ
ü˶٣ٴγǰȥ
ﬣ
ʱһй⽣дֱն
âߣãã֮⣬Ҫѿռ䡣
ǣ
΢
һսۼʶȽâƺΪ޾еһ似ô¡ֻʱâȴЩˣȵڽڰʩչʱǿһֻȻɵĸоǲ졣
죬ǱڽʱҪǿ࣬Ƚâ
ָ̧֣צ״һץסâͽֽ֮ķѡ
ﬣ
ʱâһͬĽâն
ֽ̧֮飬Ǻܿ죬ͬĽâٴնһʮâȽâȴʼղɢֱߣȴƬռЩŹ֣־жôߣǴԭأâն
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
âһ̬һһնķλһظ
΢΢üʼ߲ʼһ㽣âһ߰˼
ʮȻһѵǡ
ˣ
תһͬĹ⽣ƵϢǰնȥ
һնĽâ飬ɢΡ
վԭذĵȴֻһΣû˽âնңԼ뿪طˣ˴ʮߵľڿʼˡ
ԭˣ棬ֻ޾֮ͬԿ򡣡

뵽ЩңԼƿݻͨ似һ˿ҪȻĻЩ鷳
ǰߣʱܼӰɨҲһּ򵥵似
ܣͬ似ӭϣ֮顣
һ·ǰߣȺӰȭâԻý⣬նݻͬΣеĹ顣
׼ʼƬǽ޾еȫֶӡƬռԴĥ½еĺˡ찵ЩͷȼձԴ󣬵ǳ嵽ʲô߶ˣ澳ɡ
ҡҡͷǰߣ֮ȺϲٹЩʶҲһЩʶģ׼ʩչ
ˣ
ʱããѿһֻ޴ӡ£ɳ
ӡܾˣ˷Բڵпռ䣬ӡû£Ǹоһɿµѹͷ°͵ŵ׵ĵƶҪѿ
׼ҵʼĥºˣˣ
ԡ
ϳȴӡΪ޾еͨơֻǣʱƣʵЩ£ƺƵ£۷ʿҲ˲䱻
룬һһչһֻͬĴӡֶŲӭȥɱѾ۽壬ҲΪڽƬռ󣬵ܵǿҵѹƣΪԴ߶ˡ
䣡
߶ƣµӡײһ
һ߶ֱӷ飬µȴǸͣƲĳѹһĻһԪݻ£һֻͬӡϡ
һΣֻӡײվ
üֻǰ׼һôµͨȴѾµҪķѰ˳ɵԪֵ֮󣬿ĵضиµͨӡǰʱƵ粽С
һ棬ʵ˵Ƭ򣬻Ȱ׼Ӹ鷳Ͼݻ޾еһ˿Σ䲻վйͬΰ׼ˡٸ򵥵ӣͰսಮ٣ͬƣʩչԱݻҪǿ౶
Ȼ׼ʼӡ޾еΣԴĥ°׼ҺˣôЩӡУӦҲбͨת·ߣǲǿѧѧ

뵽һĨâ
ʱ谵ĲϣһӰ£ǧ֣ϢǿЩˡ
ϳͨΪ׼һǧ֡
ѧѧ

һתĹ⣬һת
һʱΪйأžһתԼĳ̶ĸ֪ǧͨΣҪ֪ת·ߣȻý֪٣١
¡¡
ǧͨӰʮɣǧֺʣץһڱ
ˣ
ﬣ
ˣ
ǧӰһȭƣѹ£ͬ죬Щˡ
üâ˸ǚiܡ
׼ǧ֣ǵһԣ֪֮ͨ꣬ԻһӰ޵ºӰǧֻ֣ÿһֻּ䶼һñǿ˫ּױһ޴󡣴˿̶ƬеӰǧּıǧѾǧֵĴ̬
һܣһһ֪Ӱ˼ػ
ܿ죬һӹȥ
һʱһ貾â
һ˲ϢһӰ֣Ӱɣǧֽ֯ƺǿ
ܺã
һ
ķһʱܼδˣǧֵת·ߡʱǧӰݻİ׼
Ԫӿ߶ʹӰɶߡ
Ӱ񷡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵棬Լȥʱ촭ŴڽеǧӰ顣Уķ˲ԪǧͨȴҲǴﵽһ˵ĵزư׼Ҳ˿Ժȡ
׼ʼµƬ򣬶԰׼ҺȷʵоЧɰ˿޾иİ塣
а
һˣûйǧ֣˿ȴеǧͨ½˳̶ȣʵЩˣˣ󵽣йͨİ׼˽ЧһáȻ˵ǸãҲԺսͬһεİ׼ˣǵƾͲֹ̫ˣҪ˵򵽸ãһģпֱ
Ϊ׼ʼݻڵ޾ΣίʵЩֲ
䣡
ͻȻһɾ˲˿˿ĹâԵЩҡ
ƫͷâǼһ鷳ˣ


451 
ûԥǚiķȥ
УȺ谭̫£ûǿǣûٿȥѧݻΣԾս
䣡
ǰһܼĹΧܣ޻һ㳯мѹ£
м䣬⽻֯ƣƵɶʱȴ߲
ͦǱ

ǵǹǰ׼ҵһƺΪ䣬Ťռ֮˿̣ŰͨӡУɵ΢Цĸо
㣡
ͷ¶ɫ
ҡ

粽ϣһչݻͬĹƣһͨǰȥ
ߵѹС࣬һ˸
أ
죬ЩƣƴôӼ죬ʱЩԼõҲˡ
ƺ֪ʲôҡҡͷ
ģûذ׼ңһܰȫĵط
˵
ƽû˵ʲôֻɫܳ
Ӧôߣ
ΪʲôֻǣˡȫǼȣԼԸΪԼõеһССʱ򣬰ܹɣܶ£ԴӼ尲ڻ󣬰Ըͱˣ棬ҲΪˣƽȻ԰ϸ񣬵ȴһֱųţӲðڻκί
ǰӼ뿪õټһȥ޼ţ죬ʱ򣬰ϵͦãûʲôֱ뿪ȥ˺ٴλķȻˣͲµЩʲôƺһˣֻΪ˼壬һֱѹšҲʱ׼ҵʥӣҲԼǿҵĲƴŰ뿪
ʶ㣡ҪȻһЩ
죬һ⡣Ϊ죬Լ̫ᣬһ̫壬ڶ콾ŮӣС󣬾ǱƻʱҲᣬֻǲİˣԴʶǶʱ䣬Ἰûͣÿһ뵽Щһֽץʹһٵĳ嶯бһ
ôûңῴ޸̫壿
Ҳˡ
ŰһƽѹĹ飬ǲơ
ƽܵƤԣʱһЩԼԸ£ûвˣڶ¹µһˣһŮߣܿģңԷʲôʱվһߣͰ׼Ϊеʱվһߣ㹻жˡ
֪Ůԭһֱڱƻһ˿ۣҲоŭԣ˰׼ңҪ׼Ҹٵųɣ׼ҸֵļȮҲҪܵһ˿ʹֻ࣬ôһ˿
죬קȭͷһʵԻ档
ˣңҵ㡣
¡¡
ϣƽ֯һ˷ѹ
̾Ϣһ˸㲻Ϊ׼ҵʥӣĿ£޾еһǳĳ̶ȣ֮ڵͨǿ߶ǿȴҲûմƬ򡣶죬ΪһˣҪƬӵļѡ
ʲô˵ģ˾ˣȥ

ˣ·𣿡
ޱ顣
һȥ
һʱ΢ǵʱ·ڿȥ·ȴʧˡ
򣬴·󶼻ʧƬռ䣬ֻǰûк˵·ҲûԭصĿܣΪռһֱڱ仯԰⵱һʵĻþţֻг׵׵ĴƬռ䡣
ԣ˵ǰ׼ҵʼƬռ䣬ĥǰ׼ҺˣҪǣ
û˵ʲôɨ죬񷡣
䣡
ѣԽԽĹѹ¡
ǰ׼ҵͨͨЩǿ󣬿Իûƣձͬشһ㣬һУǺѿĳ
ģؼʱ׼ҵһǳȥǼɻϡ

ޱɨһۣȻ֪ʲôʧˣڸղţƬռһ˿쳣ѾˣͨĴǿҲ޷ԤƬռתҵ˼Ӧÿס
Ϊ׼ֱϵѪ壬Ƭռĸ֪κ˶ǿңڸղţƬռ󲻾ã͸оƬռرˣųһС
ԭ׼ǿԴģԸԤڲתϾ׼һǴΪǾڸղţӦƬռȫȫıպˣһУƺٸԤƬռתҲ˵׼ȻڴΣƽɽƬռ䣬ȴǲˡ
ˣֻ·
һᴳȥ
ڶ档
죬뱬ֿڡ
ֱӴ棬ʵҲţƿŰ׼Ҿųʿؼʱ̣׼ضֽûΪԼİȫĹڣһʱڽ֮ǰеһжƿУڣƿͻȻ䲻ˣ̲ס뷭ۡ
ԣ˵㲻ýҪˣøô죡
죬ܲˬ
ֲֹһˣôô졣
Ҳˬ
Ͱһߵֵ䣬һƵĶŶԷһɼܵģ
һ˸øӳҡ
ݻͨԪӿӿڵĹƱˡ
ڣ׼ҵڣƱǽǧٱ
Ц
ʵϣĻûд
ʱ˿̣⣬׼ҵĴǿ߼תͷ亹
ôӦð
ɫࡣ
ǰ׼沢ûô⣬ǣȴıɫΪǿ޷ˣ֪淢һУʹڶǿвɵľˡ
ǳΣգ׼κ˶֪ԽǿˣԽĿ¡һʼðУ޷Ϊ˱Ȱ壬ﲻڰΣʱ׼ҲǿнϾǼ壬ǰ׼ʥӣ׼ôܻð
ǣֱӷĳִʣڣ׼ǿߣȻ޷ԤתĿֻšҪ֪ڣԼһ氡ƿżųʿһ𣬰׼ҽʷǰľ޴ˡ

׼ڵͳʶţ̽Ѱ

򡭡
䣡
ϣƲѹ£˷£ΧͰ
ȹЩ£˶˾޴ѹ嶼ˡ
ͷ㹥ҹңƿ



452 
Щܾð׼ʼ̫ˣȻôһƬĥºˣֱǿӺˣ뵽ûͨ۷Ϊϻûʲô·棬һͨݻǿµ˼㡣
䣡
䣡
ͬʱչֶΣ֧䣬߶һ˿Σͬʱܻȥķ˴Լʱʱ䣬˺ڽ׼ʼݻƬռڵͨ׵
ҵʼ棬̫ˣǡ
˵
ʵЩҪֻ֪ͨѣȴѾ˺⣬Ҫߵ棬ǵжѹһ붼üһ
΢΢ü죬磬򣬻ƣ䣬ô£ʹûн׼ҵͨһϣѣԲ޾е
ţκһ۾ѧᡣ

ĵҺһɵĻѧ츳ͣǣǿ츳ܹѧģ죬Į䣬һ޼һųƿݻǶսʥȥ޼ţԭõԴΪͼ彻ڸĵ֮¡ѧ
죬ЩίʵЩ£һ¾Ͳµˡ
첻˵ȻȻɨһۣҲûж˵ʲô£ǳȥΨдһ·ߣһ·֮·죬̤ȥ
˳ǰȥúٴѣͨ¡
ˣ
һΣ춼Ի·һ㣬һƬܾˡ
ʲô
졣
ûм
޾еĺ֮һƣԸֱĥʿꡣ
򵥵䣬һһƵɢĽ֯ܣڹԡ
ͨҼʩչĴ׼޾ŵڼ
ʵ
֮ǰںʱʩչ壬ڻЩӡҲǰ׼޾еһǳĿֲ
ɨһۣ
ֻʶѣֲҡ
첻á
˶٣ޱ˵׼оں壬ںͨƾںͨģȻǧ֣Ƶȡںͨڣûܹȥ
ԣô˵ˣ
֪
治ɫ
첻֪˵ʲôԽԽ϶׼ҵǸʼ϶ˡ
Ų񷣬һˡ
ϣ׹£鲼ÿһռ䣬Է
ˣ
ת˫ֻ䣬һƵ縡֣ӭȥ
ɨһۣû˵ʲôƱøǿʢܼ
Ҫ㣬ݻƣվԶʩչǿ
˵
ȻѾµƿûбҪԷʲôСˣѾµ£ٿӡԵЩˡ
ŲϵһƬƬ磬ݻӭϡͬһʱ䣬â˸һȻתͨת

紵ʱʱ
ûʲôµ𶯣ǣȴǸоһɾ㤵ѹƺҪһεĥ뵽˵Ļ֪ܹͨĥ꣬һȽǸ߶ȼ
ʶ鲼ǣݻƣŲӭȥ
ˣ
ݻƺеײ߸У߶˲㱻飬еƺƵĳѹܿ¡
˵һԶһƬѹ֣ʩչƵǰ
Űͷһչٴδ߶ơ
˸տտԣһתĸӿ٣ʹĸ֪ԽԽǿ֮һ߶һ˫ֻʵת·ߡΪͨȽϸӣԣʱѧᡣ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
߶ƣͲµеƿ⣬ܻ鲻٣ҪͬʱǣȴЩѶȣŲµԽԽ࣬ѹҲԽԽ󣬲ɵüͷ⵹ǰǿ෴ǿ֮ʱΪһ˳еپųɵѹ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
ˣ
ͻȻڡ
˵һһһתɢϢԶ֮ǰǿ
ɫһжʱâ
ѧˣ

Ϊ壬׼ʥӣȻ֪ڵĿʲô˿̣ʩչԺ֮ǰ˲ͬ˱ʵ֪ⲻݻƣİ׼ͨ
ţ
Ц
һʱʱ䣬ͨεײƿ
ĵȥ󣬰
˽⣡
ͷһЦô˵ʵǲѧ׼νġȥ󣬰ʵҪð׼ҵ֪¡
ɨһۣһ𣬸ǿƺƵ
һԪƺһӭϡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
촫Կµһ顣
Űһ֧ţȻݻһ˿Σվֻһ˿ѣЧòȴǲһˣͨƿɱݻͨҪǿ˲٣ʱ˾޴ת䡣
ˣ
˸µƽڽڰˡ
˶ǿһƲνǿֻתۼȥһʩչͨǽµȫ顣
³һˡ
û˵ʲôǰȥ
ʼ磬ĸϡ
ʱ߳䣬𶯣ѿһӰվ
Ӱʮɸߣֻѹ¡
һܶʱɳʯֲˡ
첻ɵõһоͷʹƫͷͷľҡ
ܡ
ܾ
֮ҲͨӰѧᣬֱӴҲ𣬺α˷ʱ䣿
¡
ޱ飬ԸֱӴڸ졣
ԣֻݻתһͨˣܿʱȥֱͰ÷ǳǱʱǿƿ׼֧ԴĴǰȥ


453 壬ǧ
Ĵ֧Ӱʮɸߣʱ佫˻һĴӰһѹǰƬ̵ÿռһĻζܵķɳøһѿ
Ĵǿ
쾪ȡ
֮ǰһֱ;úɵʩչʱоĿֲ֮ǿֱ̫࣬Ϊս
ɨ죬оɫû뵽Ȼƿ˴ȷʵˣ׼ҵеĴβκιҲûмܹڶʱѧᣬ죬ȴֻʱңһζս½֮ƿأܾˡ
ֻǣϾѰˣԾһ˲󣬱ǻָ
䣡
âһĴӰøʵϢҲǱøǿ
ۣĴǿ£Ӱǿࡣ
ټݻΣ
ȵ
һ۳һڴӰ߶߶ĴӰ򵽵İ׼߳ĴӰһʱɢǿϢ˿ҲȰĴ
΢һɨ΢΢һ
䣡
䣡
ͬʱ֣ʮɸߵĴӰӡеʮɸߵĴӰײĻϢУ˼ӰȺʮΣֱʮŴؾۺǽڵӰ
ֻǣ˲û˸ˣ෴ɫ
Ԫķ̫ˡ

û˵Ȼһġ
ʱ˿̣ڵԪѾĵ˲һ룬о˾޴ѹҪ֪һ򶼲߹·зǳ֪ԶٿµͨΣܻµĶ
Ϣ᲻
ʵ
ͣԭذʱܵĻиı䡣

Ϊ׼ҵʥӣȻǳ˽⡣
Ǿͣʱɣܱûʱá

㣬ð׼Ǹʼ浹ͦԻģ֪Ϣʱ䡣
ԭصϢܿǰʱȥ
վܵĳѾˣձѪȾһ㡣
˵һһڴԻϿܼĵۣͬʵʵһ㡣
ӣ׼ҵڶȴǿ

˽⡣
ͷ
ϢʱͰԪָ߳ң˿һ֣ӭµĴӡڴЩأȻֻǹ⻯ɣȴһַǳʵĸоʵɢ֮նΪ֮Ť
΢΢һоԴǱһƹƵģһѣθС
עЩ嵴Ӱʶ

˵
첻ˬ
֧ͬӡ
˵ͲֱӴңҲܹƿһ𣡡൱ԣǵúķѺܶʱ䣬öԲٿͷαأһ㣬Ҫûǰٷ֮ʮ
ߣרӭӣ졣
죺
̾Ϣֲֻ֧ݻһ˿ζս
ȻУҲͨ
ܿ죬ĸʱȥ
ҳ
һ
ĸʱһƬǱ˲٣˼ھѪڲƿӡݺݵĵ۰߶ӣΪͨӳɣһʱĿභźͰƵڵӡ
ԭصϢʱٴζ
ڴ죬ʱȺ޾еΣµһΣֻһ߾Ҫ˵ǰȼյһ˿ԴǿǿˣȴҲǱ˼㣬ʱѾ˺ۣڵԪѾ۷ʱĳɡ
׼ʼ治Ǹö
촭Ϣ
ʱȺѧ˰׼ҵǧ֣ƣӵνջ죬Ҫ֪ЩȥһǶڵڶһĲõڶΪ֮ȴȫѧˡ
ˣȴһҲ˲ѧôͨȷʵǺ£ǣҲܻ߳ȥʱͰѪɫ԰׵ķ·ĨһƵģ߳ȥƻᱻ˵ǹˡ
ô˵ģ
ɫƣôڮٰ׼ʼ棬áʵϣǳ£ǳΣգЧҲΪˣԴڣֻʱ䣬ΪȻûʲô仯ȴԸоԼʵǿ˲٣޾ĸǿһսҲǿһȳɾͿɲȡã٣ķʱ䣬Բܻջʮ춼첻
ôٵϢԪ
û˵ʲô˫ۣҲת޾
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ˣ
ܳ䣬û˻عѾǳһƬįĻĵϡȥƽϣһӰ֣һƬÿһɢϢ䣬ȴЩˣһ㶢ǡ
Ѿɴ˿̣ȴһ
ͷʲô
ʵ
ܵĻӰĸоһв
ɫҲôÿ޾֮ͨһǧ񡣴ϹʱʱʼҼ澳ħսħ廽ؼս޾ּ̧꣬ͬǿߣһĻʼܵչأͨɻûһǧΪԼսΪǧ񡣡
һЩ꣬ѵʵڵģ
ǣֻѣҪؼʿս꣬ΨħȻһЩֶͨϹǿߣҲܹƾǿֶξгʿĲлҪΪô˵;ͨʲô֮ǰҲ˵ˣûڰͨ»Ŵ
㿴ŵı飬ǻͨʲô𣿡
ԡ
ܣһӰڵڻζɵ÷
ˣ

Ƭռһ磬ܵĻӰȫˣٳ˹
ת˵һǧӰԻȴЩ͸
һǧܣɱеĻӰֻǣȴ𺳣ڵǧУֻһӰֳݻǧ˲䱻ȫɻңǹɢС
⡭
ͫһ汻סˡ
һߣʩչ׼ұԴǧݻǧǿ࣬ǽȴҲûкõȥת۱㱻еǧķ顣
Ϣ䣬Ӱٶȿ켫뽫ؿڡ


454 Դͼ
ӰȥƮƮģһӯȻӡؿʱȴǾֱ˱ʮԶʺѪҺƮڿС
ˣӰͣ£ಽٴαˡ
ͷû
վ
ӿѪоعǶҪˣۡ
ԭͰʱѾһ˺ۣٴشʱø㡣
û˵ʲôֻվǰ
ˣ
⻪˸䣬ǧ֣վܡ
ǵѪһչݻǧ꣬治ľ
ǧûǰ
Ǳһ󣡡
첻ˬ
תǧ𶯣Űǧһǰ
Ȼʵ֤׼ʼӡƬռǧ̫ڿˣ˺⣬ȴǸ͵ֵסתۼֱɨĺɣ㱻ײӡ
䣡
䣡
Ԫͬչķ
תһоâտտһЩӰ棬һߴĦͨת·Ϊеͨǰ׼ʼӡ£ת·ߣӡ᷽ʽԣԿѧ
ƬռڣǧӰ֯һһǧӰΪеͨӡһǧӰΪʩչİ׼ұԴͨһǧӰݻ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ǧӰԣͰŪĻӰתۼͱĥ
ٴαɨɡ
һ롣
ҧ
Ѿһǧת켣вþƿء
֧ǧӰ֣ٴιǰ
ɨһۣҲǳǧǰӭӰ
ܿϧȰ׼ʼµΣݻӰ̫ˡ
ǵʼֱǱ̬֮ǰ϶һǻԹ

ѪؿѾȾ죬ɫǲ԰ס
ĵһۣ³ǧٻǧꡣңʱüļһ貹ûüġ
ǧ壿һ㶣㿪ˣ
üĵĹâǧľ
һΣ
״֪Σգܲ봫ȴǴˡΪ߶ǧڵǧԼĿֿ࣬ԣֱӽǧҪʶ
һЦҲ˵ʲô
һԪ𶯣һ䣬ǧԻ
ʱ԰ľתǧɢϢԶ߶ĻӰǿ֮չӳɣǧӰǱøǿһһ·ʵڵİ㣬Ϣˡ
壡
ͳ
ǧ𲽣Űǧһܡ
ͣͣͣ
ȫʩΪǻ˲ڵĻӰ
վֻǱˮнѣǻڵĻӰٶ̫ˣβŻʮڵǧӰͬʱԼ֧ĻӰѾ˴룬ս˶һƬĺغ蹵
漸죬Ƕ޾Ʊ׼ҵļ̫ϳ϶ǿˡֻǣܻ߳ȥǿҲð
òϣ׼ʼµƬ򣬶ڰ׼޾ֱЧֻǣЧȴûܹܵˣҪȥʵ̫ˣԤţͰˮ׼ٵÿͨɾа˳ɰȫ
ûж˵ʲôȫתǧ
Ԫ𶯣һ֧ͨ
ϧ˺Чôתۼ䣬ǳǧٴα顣
ۣ
ۣ
һΣ˱ĺɣǴڿѪ
ңʱ֮ǰĻӰٴԻ˳ٴλûǧꡣ
վĳ嶯
뽫Ǽҵʼϳʬԣ޹ǻңϻ縯ˣ

ڣԸоԼ״ǳ⣬ԪֻʣˡȥǧȴʼղʧãҪǧ֮ǧ꣬ͲܣεǣƬռڣֻͬ
֧壬һǰ
һһǿܳϵϢͻأǿһԶ֮ǰǿʢĲǧӰ֡һ̣ǧӰǿ̫̫࣬ƵϢ졣ܿ죬ɫʵȼԴ
ͣͣͣ
ŰȼһԴʵеĻӰֱ˲١
ֻǣǱˮн
ûãϵϢڵǧٴλָѹ
һɣǱѪ
ƿ֮иĻӰѹѹ
һǧһӭϣļӰ顣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮𣬻ӰһʼÿЩ
ȫ⣬תۼٴαɨɡ
Ѫˮ˳˷߶ǧϧȴã°ȼһԴȴǵֵסֿȳһھѪ˥͹
䣡
䣡
˷Ԫƺǿʮȴһ˳ȥ


ţɨһۣںӿ񱩵Ϣǿˡ
ʱ򣬰ȼԴϵϢʼڽ
ˣ
ɫоϢĿ£ƺһԴҪȼսȥʩչǚiڰǰֿһͼ۶ֱӽǣȼԴϨ
ڣΨȼյԴԴΪпܴ򡣡
ޱ顣
ΪҴ׼Ϊʲôðзϣ㴳ʲô˼ʱô˵ҴĴ׼ڲȻ׸зϵĴ˳Ҫһһͷײ
ͻȻ䣬ƿ֮ܣһӰɱǰ
ҪȼձԴ
԰ȵ
һߴ߶ǧԿڵǧӰһ߿ʼʶڵǱ񽣡Ƭڣ񵶱ѹˣɱҲ𲻵ЧڣΨһܱеʶе񽣣ܽ񽣸ѣһƵŤתǬʱ򣬲Ҫ˵Ƭ򣬾׼ʼҲֱӸնĺӡ
ֻǣ֮ǰһôʶײ񽣾һҲ
Դˣ˰Ҳֻˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ûãͰٴαɨɣӶѪˮȾˣĿġ
ǰоҰģˡ
Ϊȼ˼Դʱ״ɸ⡣
䣡
ڣǧӰһ٣һ̣붯
һʱ䣬пɲɱɢ
ˣʱɫ
ͨʶڵ񽣣Σ񽣶Ӧ

ۿٻӰЩˡ
񽣲ȹƣͰֵܹס
ˣ
ͻȻһ
һƬԽ֯ڳһʹͼⷽͼֲһĹâʼһֱǻתƬ¡¡Ŀʼ𶯣ǰٻӰ˲䱻ȫ飬Ҳûܹؾ۶


455 ǿ
ͼʣʩʩȻתȥ޴󣬵ɵȴǿֲ㡣
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ܣǧѾ٣ңڲϱС
ңѾ˵ĻӰҲûܹؾ۶
ǣ
΢
ͼǵڶμһμʱոտվʱʱѹ䣬ΪΣսҪĹͷͼڳ˳ıԴȹһξΣʱ˿̣ѾȫʶеǱʱͼһԻ˳
ЩȣΪƽɴδӦͼĴڡ
¡
ͼ΢΢תһƹâȥͣʵȴܰԵƺһСȥͼĹâɨУеĻӰգۼ飬ֻǳѣǧ꾹Ǳͼȫĥ˸ɾ
ңⲢҪģҪǣͼԻƬǾҵĻζۿԿкһѺۣͬ֩һ㳯˷ӣƺһ̣Ƭͻ᳹ױ顣
ʲô
ɫ
Ҳ֪
Ρ
⵹ʵȷʵ֪ʲô
죬첻ѣɫЩ̫ÿƬռ䣬ʼ߽ˡΪ׼ʥӣΪ壬ƬռϵΪܣ˿ӦƬʱͬһ㣬һ顣
ɶ
һ㶣漴һϲ
ʲôʼ˵أһٵʧ

ɣҵǾãƬ򣬾׼ǿߵķĹʼרɱõġƲ죬ڵ㣬ԪһɣֻһȥүȲ裬㶼ˣ׼˴Ҫô
ڻѪ״Ĳ㣬Ŵ۾졣
ңٵңҵ˼һ
Ʋ졣
ǰͼͼתɢǿҵĹâ
¡¡
ռ𶯣һ翪ѡ
ȳЩ£·һƬʵĴսᣬǳˡ
ͷ׼ţǲˡ
˵
׳֮ǰҾ˵ˣ˸ʲôͳƬռ㻽ǸͼԻ٣ռԻ㶮ڵΪһƬĿռڣƾʲôȥᱻʱֱ˺飡
ʱɫ˵ʲô
Źͼջȥ
ͺȡ
ŰɫƺҲо̬ԣڳͼȻĥǧ꣬һΣȴΪǴ˸ӿµľ档ʶһüķ貵ĹѾȫǰͼ֮ͨһ
ʲôˣ
ʱͻȻ䣬һͳ
Щ࣬ͬӱ˰㣬Ƭռھþû죬Ͱһɫʱ䣬ƫͷǰϣһӰ֣һһӰֻ˲ǰ
һߣӼΪ䣬ȫɹ۶ɡ
һƬĿռ䣬ǻƽʹð𺳣ߣǳ£һֱ̣ӱɫʼ棿Ϊ׼ҵʥӣȻڼڼʼŻǰߣǺͼŻϵʼһģһӾϡ
ԱߣһǰߣͷȻǰ׼ҵĴʼ棿
ѭжʱâ
У壿úúã
ߺܸˡ
ʼ棿
ݣȴûм񣬷üΪԷ״̬Щ֣ûǻŵˣǹһĶ
ûжϣǰ׼Ҵʼ֮ˡ׼ʼ濪ڣĿӰƿ죺Ҳţ㲻Ұ׼Һˣ㡭׼ʼüĿǰͼϣɫٱ䣺ֻͼ
쾪ߵͻȻ֣֣ȴɡ
ʲô˼֪
ͼԼ֪ʲôɿȥ׼ʼȴʶӡ
׼ʼĿɫ𺳣˷ܣֻͼ㡭ֻ壡
׼ʼճʱϣ˿ȴһ𺳣ȫû˴֮ˡ
ʲô
ɫ䣬졣
ȻҲǱɫŰ׼ʼ棺ͷҳԣɲ˵Լĺ˾ˣңҿɺһϵûУǷʲô
ֻ壿ҪǴȥڶŵĴһ˵һЩ壬ЩһĿǶֻ޵ʱһѷϣ޵ĻᶼûУԻʣ
׼ʼ涢죬ǿһ屦㣬貣˷ܵĲѡ
֮ˣῴ
׼ʼ
һһ֮ɫ
ü죬Լһʼ档һʼľȺ׼ʼʵΪԷԵ޾ϢҷǳˣһֱԴ޾תŵ޾֮ԭЩԼһʼΪλƬռڣڣȾֱӱ׼ʼĻˣһ𾪣졭ֻ壿
벻벻һ죬ྐྵȻֻܼ
׼ʼ૵
ʮԶԺĵܹʮ壬ֻǿҲģΪûгֹʮ޵ʷ۷ľŴݳдŵǿʣųֻһ塣ʱ˿̣죬׼ʼ漤Ĳѡֻ尡ƹŽ񣬿Ǵδֹ
ֱ֮ʮ׼ʼƽ
ɨһüͷİ׼ʼĿϣֻ壬ֻ˺͵޵۵ֻһƲлͣƬռڣ֮ˣԾԲῴıԴųһɽֲͬʣֻرԴɡ׼ʼָ̧֣ǰͼŵʹͼֻͼ
ü̾â졣
˵Ǿǣ
ҡͷ
ɲԸͷĻֻ壬⸺̫ˡ
׼ʼ涢죬ŵƬ򣬵ڴʱһλħ壬ħҲ˵Ƭ֮ĳ˵൱СͨڣƬһˣ㻽ͼʲôƬռ㿪ʼԼµƲл걻ѣƬռܿͻ᳹׻𡭡
죬׼ʼ˸տտâŵ꣬λǿݹֻһ壬仰õֻԿ塣ĴͼһԶƬռԻ٣бѣֻͬΪֻĵȻΪԶҵҲǣ㳬ڣɻң
ֶۣ˵
ǰͻȻʣϣϸϸһ룬ǸʱǡýƬռ䡣ҵɳ룬ӻ̫ѹƣһֱ;ú֣ԭȻִ˵еʣ죬оâ貣и߰սתܺãͷͦ


456 
죬ɫЩƣ˵еʣ⻹Щ⡣
ͷʲô飬ʲô

صͦá
ĵ
üҴûأҴӲ֪ԼʲôʣһֱԼǷ壡Ű׼ʼķٽͨһ㣬ѾЩԼֻˣֻǣĻܲãǰȷʵ֪¡
ֻ壬ΪҰ𣡡
˵
Ϊֻ壬һ֪Ҫôǧ£ҪôȺΧɱЩ壬ΪŴǾ仰Ƹ˺ͬ壬޾壬һɵ壬ǰһδɳֻ壬ʷǰѡ
ǰߣǺߣϲ
ϵȥǣսȴǸӸ߰졣
һս
бӰ
ԣ
һҲڡ
ߵһսͲöŭպһѹéӣ
ǳʧһֱȤѹһֻˮֻ֪壬Ʊػѹؼ棬š
Ц
ߣԣֻ֪壬ҲҶ֣Ҹ˵㣬ԸҵĻŰһƵı顣
ɫһŭΪﻹܻԸĻ
˵
ԼûԸһ˵Ļ͸оŭסķӿ
ͷ

ͬʱǰһһ˸һâ֯
ù𣿴Ű

ǰ׼ʼȤζĿˣǹϵ
˭˵ϵ
˭ͷϵ
һ𿪿ڡ
˵ţֵԷ
׼ʼһЦ̧һ㣬˷ֿ죬Ȼֻ壬Լȴ֪ҿķӦҲ֪ʣôЩ棬ǰ׼ҺˣΪλᴳ뵽Ϊ׼һƬأֻа׼˿ԽУ˲ܷ˽Ŷԡ
Ҵģ

׼ʼ̬ȣûͦ˵Ҳô⣬򵥽ľ˵һ顣ΪǳˬԴʱ׼ҵʼǰһҲ׼һĴǷ˱飬ðɫҲЩ̫ÿ
׼ʼ涯ݣһƾâЩúúã벻һҰ׼ҾȻͬʱ壬һ壬̫壬Ұ׼ң
һ壬׼ʼܲˡ
̾ģһ㣿
Ц
׼ʼһ㶣漴ƽ
ĳԲѷ׼ʼ沢û⣬һЦˣҵλ̫ˣϵΣ
ѡ

ֻѣ
׼ʼۡ
ü˵ʲô
׼ʼҡͷش𣬵ЦʵϣµĽΪΣ
Ȼǰ׼Ҳٸɣ٣ϣԲܣ

ԣһǡ
׼ʼͷ
⻰һͰһ
ſڣڡ
Ͱ뷨һ׼ʼôˣôȥ
ƺ֪ʲô׼ʼǿܾڵ״̬Щ죬ɻȻ֮ǰѾ˵ˣڣٽһ£ҵµһƲл꣬νл꣬ĻǵĲȱ塣ˣ׼ʼʱ״̬ңܹ뿪Ƭռ䣬Իֻʱʱ䣬ʱƲлԶ壬ɢؼ䡣
ͰʱȻԭ
˿ڴа׼ʼƲл棬԰˽ˡ
ʼ棬ԺҪ
ü
׼ʼҡҡͷѾˣ⣬ɢɢѾѣɢҲǳ¡˵ţ׼ʼ죬۵ҵǸ̫˵ĹϵܣǲȻҲһ˴Ұ׼ҳ̫󣬽㣬Σ
죺
죬һʱЩ֪˵ʲô
һߣüȴҲû˵ʲô
ˣ˵£Լģߵһ𡣡׼ʼҡͷ죬ֿڣٴοڣʵʲôܰﵽ㣿
˫һʲô¶ԣ
ܡ
׼ʼ滰򵥡
ͷ˵ȥһ򣬵ǣŵһʱŻЩ⣬ͨɾ磬޷ȫܲܰȥһ򡣡
Ҫȥһ죿
׼ʼЩ⡣
ԱߣҲɻ󣬲Ķ졣
ʿ߲ͨȥȴҪȥһ죬ܹŹ֡
Ҫȥһ죡

뿪һ̫ˣϦ棬̻صһȥ
׼ʼȻɻ󣬲ȴǵ˵ͷ
˽̫˵ºҽƲл껯ڣԴ˻סӦÿ֧ڵһ͵ڶһ
׼ʼ
Ű׼ʼ⻰ʱü
Ҳ΢׼ʼδ̫ˣȻΪȼһƲлꡣ
ôңΪʲô
ʵ
ǰ׼ҺˣǴǿƵĴ׼ڣɰ׼λʼȴһҲ⣬Ҫ£Ӧ£΢΢ü
Ϊֻ壬ֻҪ⣬ԿԴ羳ڣܹ˶Ƶݣʮȥɾ֮׼ʼֱӣ˿ҲûԼĿģ˸貾âһԵҰ׼ѣţ㲻Թۣ
룬ͷ
Ǳˡ
׼ʼЦ
ˡͻȻڣЩɻŰ׼ʼ棺㿪ٳƬ̫ǿĺˣΪʲôõô£ֻΪĥºˣȻ԰׼˵ĥЧȷʵ죬Σճ̶ҲܾˣӴʼڣɻδһ˻ŴȥŰһѪ뵽֮ǰ£ʵ̲סһ׼ʼ档
𣬰Ҳ˹ȥ
׼ʼЦ̾Ϣ漴ҡҡͷ
ˮۣˣߣһգһ·߸裬һǴ׹ԨƬռµĳϵͳԵһԵĽ޾еһˮ׼֮ܽ˱Ҫڴ£򣬾㴳Ҳȡڶ
ȼձԴﵽΣٳƬռ䣬ӡ޾е似ΣΪԴ˽޾еϵͳԵһˮ׼Ϻ·ΪýһԽе似ȫ򵽾Σ򣬶϶棬ȡǶ
׼ʼ
ԣ΢ü
ʲôҪôôϣ
ʵ


457 
ʵЩ棬Ƭռ䵽ʲôĶŪܡ
׼ʼҡͷԺ֪˵δƬռȥ󣬲κٿУﵽͨɲλ۷壬ҲǿĻӦû⡣
׼ʼƲлһֱڳУΪֻͼԻ٣ǱѣһƲлӡУΪȫڴκ󣬰˸õƿڶΪһֱߣ;кɥ򣬾ȫ֪΢΢̾ϢĿٴڰϣ⣺ڿƲл֮ҲòˣֻҪܹȫΣһܹܺõƿڶҲл
üǺɻſڣȴ˵ʲô
ǺֱӣԼµĶΪʲôֱӴиˣ
Щ޷ֱӴ£ңǶҵֻһ롣
׼ʼ
첻⣬ʲô뻹ˣǰ׼ҵ£޹ء
ڣǳȥ
ʰ׼ʼ档
׼ʼͷЦǾͳȥɣˣһ浣ǾųɵĺʧȥеҪҰ׼һ֮֡

ʱ׼⡭
촳Ѿ죬׼˽ǽ֣ɫѿ
Ѿˣ澹Ǵ򲻿򡣡
ҵԪѾԽԽϡˡ
ô죬ǡҪϵ𡣡
׼һڵӸ̿֡
ƽģ취ܴܿѰҩǶ¡
׼һ̫ϳϵȶ׼һڵӵ
ϣ׼һĴʶţѾΧư׼ȦϧȴʼոӦĴڣ򲻿Żɫ㣬нĲСУϴżųʿУΪԼһ壬Ϊ׼ʥӣҪ꣬׼ˡ

׼ͳ
һΣ׼ŨŨĺڣûбȰ̫ͲǵİǵĽ
䣡
Ƶ׼ӵѾ̽ѰŻ
·׼ҼͰ׼Ҽ̫ϳϽ԰ץȭͷĲС
ڣҪ򲻿׼оųʿֱӷϵ
Ҽ԰׼Ҽҹֲ̫ģİΪغܴܿ򣬽ץҲܱ˵⻰ҼȴǻһĨɲĹ⣬ڲ׼ҾųʿϵҶĺ£һǸʱ򣬰׼ҸźһᴦԵλãԽ̲׼ҡ
٣
ҼЦֻţڲҪúͰһңҲţھ߲ٷ֮ٻͰһУΪĿ£͹׼Ҳͨ۷ǿߡ˿򱻷գ׼Ҵǿ߶򲻿γʱȥǿپޣҲǱɡ

ʱ׼һ촫
ͻأѿӰͬʱп˳ȻͰ
Ҽɫʱˣ֮ǰͰضڣȴ룬˾Ȼת۾ʹƬд˳һ˼֮ɫ׼Ҵǿ߶򲻿Ŀռ䣬˾Ƭռ˳
죡

׼һڴ̲סе߳ζŰ׼ҾųʿмеĻᣬʱٴο죬Щ׼Ҵﾹͻأÿ˳Щڰ߳׼ҵĴǸˣһ壡
׼Ҽӭȥ˿
ͺá
׼һĴǿ˿ȥҪЩʲô¡
ʱ򣬰׼ЩЩϲûΪͰȻܹƬֱӴȣֻ֪Լһ尲ȻԼһЩͨǣеõҩĿܣлС
һУл͵ء
߳ƽɨһ۰׼ˡ
˿һ㡣׼濪ڣ죬ˣǡ
ʱƿŻУһõӰ˳
ʱ׼ֱӱɫ
ͬʱ׼Ͱ׼һЩǿӵܣҲԺȻ˰㡣
ǣ
ʼ棿
⡭
а׼˶סˣ߳Ӱ˰׼ҵĴʼ档
ôᣬʼ
Ӧ˰
ڡ
ңǸվһ𣿣
ʥӣʥҲһ⡭
˾ȡ
׼Ҽ⡣
ʼ档
򵥡
⻰һ׼һڴٴζݡ
׼ʼɨ׼ˣĿڰ׼һĴǿϣʣ
׼һĴǿΪĪܣŰ׼ʼĻʱһ
ʼ棡
Īæд񣬴ʱ˿̣ڵ޾׼ʼӦټ׼ʼĻĿ϶ﻹɻ󣿴ʱǼܣ뵽ԼܼԼһĴʼ档
ʼ棡
׼ȫд϶Ǿɫϲɫ
ȻУ׼һĴһЩ׼ҴȴҲǰüΪ˰׼ʼΪл״̬ǻŵˡңԼʼʱȻվԱߣϵܲӣ֮һ㡣
Ҫ֪׼һĵ˰
ҼŰ׼ʼ棬ɫһٱ䣺ôܣǡлꡣŰ׼ʼ棬Ҽ˰׼ʼʱ״̬ˣǾȣ룬׼ҵĴ֮ˣȻһƲлƬؼ䡣
Ż貣и߰սת졣ʱȥգһսʱµѾȫָˣͬһˣǳķ
ߣ
ЦӭŻ͵Ŀ⣬еɱŨ
׼ʼɨ˳Ŀ⣬Żϡ
ɲǼ䣬׼ʼлһĨ⣬ȴǺܿƽȥ
ǰ
ҼȻ˰׼ʼֻһƲл꣬ܿͻɢȴǲҴ⣬ϾϹʱǿߣݴܴﵽ澳ǿߣֻһƲл꣬ҲŷǳµֶΣɲҶ֮
׼ʼͷҼ΢΢ЦЩ£Ѿ֪ˣ˴ίʵ鷳ǰˣã֮£ɺԼȽϺá˵λƺԸޣ£ҿհɡ
⻰һҼʱɫ
ͬʱ׼һЩһЩͨӣҲǴ󾪡
ʼ棬ɣ˿ǡ
Īܼ
׼ʼƫͷԴĮɨ۰Īܣʱĺһٸԡ
ǰҶ̫壬㡭
Ҽڣ˵꣬ȴֱӱϡ
޹أ¾ʹգҴ׼ұʾǸ⡣
׼ʼ浭̫ʲôվһֻ壬ִδֹʣǿľλƳ籸һɳֻֿϰ˻ģʮ򶼵ʧ̫ͻȣ̫Զˡ


458 Խ
˶סˣ뵽ҵת䣬׼ʼһƲл߳վһ𣬾ȻҪ׼Һ̫֮¡
ǰ֪ҶΪ̫壬λǡ
֪
ҼĻٴα׼ʼϡ
ףߡ
ŻͿڣ̫壬ųͬһˣȻҲԼϣνԭҲ⣬˿̣ǲԸ衣
ߣ
һĨ⣬ǰһ
նŻ͡
ʱһִֻԱ׼ʼ潫׼ңΪڰ׼ɱ̫壬ֱӻսʱ֪Ҫٺˣ£׼ǲ
ֹסŲȻҲ֪׼ʼ롣
׼ʼ׼һͿ͡
⡭
׼һЩ΢ɡ
Ҽɫ࣬ǳѿŨŨŭ
裡
ߣ
һ䣬Ҽֱӳ׼ȥ
ŻǱɨ죬ɱҼסˣ
´ټնͷ­
컰ܼ򵥡
Żͣϣǿð׼һӵܽǶݺĲ
Ϳ͡
׼ʼٴֻô֡
׼һЩûа취д߳ܿĽҸͳ
ʱطһ˽ԶŰ׼ʼ档
׼ʼĪܣɨ򼸸̫ϳԼ׼Ҽȥ˵ţƫͷͰǰ׼һΪҪĴһûʸ룬ΨнӴһЩŻȥ
ʼ棬ǺҪĵط
Īܵɨ졣
˿̣׼һЩҲ죬ϾһˣңһĵˡʱʵЩ¶ã֪оʲôԼһʼΪƵ̬ȡ

׼ʼ浭
ĪһֻõͷǡȻǴڣɰ׼ʼȴǴﵽ澳ǿޱȣ׼ʼֻһƲл꣬ǵȴҲǷǳĿ£ټ׼棬бǴоη֮⡣
׼ʼǰͰ󣬳Ű׼ȥ
׼ҼԸӵĿ죬ŰĪܵ˻ϡ
ܿ죬һʧǰ
⡭
ôˣ
ʼȻȻ
׼ӵֹ
ܿ죬˴лعɫֱ䣬ĲС
ǣǵĽҩأ
ԣǡ죬ߵɣ
˽е
һʱ䣬ֱֳû
ڣ׼һܿסơ
üڲ£ȡҩһͨǿ߿ڣдɫңʼ̬ȣ֮Ҫҩܼ򵥡

ǳʯǹ⣬Ȼ
ȥˡ
Ƭ׼ʼ̾Ϣһֽ죬һεٴ˵ǧǰǧĽգٴεٴ˵أȴѾˣܿɢ
ͰվԱߣû˵ʲô
ĪܺͰ׼һЩڸԶһЩĵطɫҲڡ
ܿ죬ʮȥ
׼ʼת׼һڴǣ£á
ʼ뽲
԰ĪΪף׼һڴǶʱȻŰ׼ʼ档
׼ʼ˵һӴԺ󣬲ٺҵ̫֮̽££գκ˲ᣡպ󣬲ø̫ɣȻ˵ϣϣù̻ܽǵ̣ܽϾǺ󱲡
Ȼ֮ǰ׼ʼѾԷ֮£Ҹ뿪ɴʱ⻰Īܺͼ̫ϳɻɫŹ֣ܲ⣬̫̫ϣ尡ԼһʵʼΪλܾ
׼Ҽǳ˿ΪĸףԸԼŮ޸ϲˣֻ˶һ˼һҲΪδǣֻΡ׼ʼ˵Ļ˸ΥûٸұȰΪףȻǸ˵ģͷһʯ¡
׼ʼˣף
Īܵ̾ϢȴҲصͷף
ԼһҪΪˣΥ
׼ʼͷָ죬ڶ£׼ҴǰһЩԹʹ˽ᣬ˵ҲȴǣȻҲдߣƽ⡣˵ţ׼ʼһƾâһ̿ʼҪվʲôҪһп㣬˶վ໤
ʲô
⻰һĪܵ˶ʱɫ
ʼ棬ֻһˣһΪʲôҪվ໤
ʼ棬Ϊʲô
֪
̫ϳϵ
칫Ȼ׼ңð׼ʧɰ׼ʼȴڴʱ˵Ļ˶⡣֪Լһʼ治Ե޹ҪһԼԭֻǣǲ֪еʲô˿̺Ūס
ǲҪŪףֻҪֻҪ֪Ϊþˡ
׼ʼ
ֻ£׼ʼȻ֪¹شԣǶԼһļĳԱҲԣֻҪ御һп֧죬ΪбݻֻҪֻɣǸʱ½޵֣׼Ҳֻ֮ܽսǿʢǿʮٱǧûκ⡣
ʼ棬
Īܵü
׼ҼЩ죬ıһٱ䡣֮󣬰׼ҼԼĳӰְϲûʲô鲨԰׼ʼҪһҲȣ·һ֪ƵģǾȣڵļʱ׷ЩʲôȻ仯һز
Ű׼ʼԼ´ڶҪԼҲЩ죬ȴǺָܿȻ֪׼ʼʲôŰ׼ʼ΢΢һ˵ǰˣ֮·վǵÿԼҵĻȻŹʣȴԾ˪Լ·Լߣܹߵĸøȡ
⻰Īܵɫֱ䡣ԼһʼڶҪЩ˱ϵЩִôԸ⣬ȴû뵽ԭȴֱԾܾЩȣȻҲӲˡҪ֪ǿϹң໤ǰˣȻҲ⣡
׼ʼһĨâͷǣ˵ţֵ·ϣʱһҲǺ£·֮һпԼպҪֱ׼ᣬҪǿʲô
ͷкһĨ⣬һʲôҪ󶼿ԣ
׼ʼı飬Щɻ󣬲ȴҲǵͷȻκҪ󶼿ԡ׼ʼȻʶʱǳ̣ΪĹã˻Ƿǳ׵ģʲôֻ̫˵ǲʵҪ
ãᣬ𣿡
ʵ
ԡ
׼ʼٴθ϶
ǵͷǰһһָ׼ҵĴ棬׼Ҽ̫ϳϣԼ׼ҵļǱƵԼһʥƴ뿪ڣҪȫ뿪壬ȥ


459 ܻԴ
ĻĪܵһڰ׼Ҵɫֱˡ
˵ʲô
У
ǲӦ
ҪǼ׼ҵͷӼ߳壬ȥһʮСŮ޻壬ǵ飿
һĨâû뵽Ҫ󣬶Դˣ⿴
û˵ʲôֻƫͷ׼ʼ档
Ļ
׼ʼЦ
Ҫ󣬰׼ʼȻЩ˼Īܵ˵ϣȴҲʲôϾҪԼһСûʲôˣ֡
Īܵ˸ɫÿŭ졣
׼ҼǿЦҪֱںݺݳЩ˵Ķ⣬ҪΪԼСŮ
ˣô£Ժȥ
׼ʼ
ʼ棬ɰǡ
⣬ǡ
СһͣңҪǡⲻУ
׼Ҽɫѿһ˲Ӭ㡣

׼ʼ浭
Īܵ˾һǧһԸ⣬Լһʼ֣ȥֻһĵͷ
ʼ棬ͨӶ֮ҩ
Īܵ
죬Īһҧгݵı顣
׼ʼͷ졣
ףûж˵ʲôȡʮСƿĪܣÿһ
ƺ򵤺׼ǰҲѰʱ˽ҩȽҩǲ鷳ƷҩʦΪֻǺķʱⶾ衣
Īյҩǳ˿
һ׼һڵӣûˡ
ʼ棬Ƚҩȥ
Īܵ
Ȼ׼ʼͷˣҲ뿪еҪǵ֮ǰ˵ĻԺ׼һÿ㡣
һƾâ֪ʲôɨһۺصĵ˵ͷһŰ׼ʼ湪һǺ󱲴Ż뿪
׼Ҽ̫ϳһŰĶ鶼ŹһЩ
Ҳȥɣκ˵شš
׼ʼ
ǡ
׼һڴͷȥ
ܿ죬һ뿪Զ
Īܿڣסʵ׷ʲôʼǸ˵̬ȣΪǰ֣
֡
̫ϳϿڡ
׼ҼΧ׼ҼҲѯʣʸס
ɫƽ֪
֪ôܣһ֣һ߳Ӧû᲻֪
׼Ҽü
֪
򵥣ֻ֡壬¹ϵҲȻǲܸ߰׼ЩˣȻ֪߰׼Щ˺Щһܸ˺˷ܣǣûʲôˣܽ¶¶

ĵűպϣ˿ֻ̣ʣ°׼ʼˡ
׼ʼ죬ʸ⣬ҵλˣи飿
һ㶣û뵽׼ʼôֱӵʡ
ͽɢԣҲͲʲô·
׼ʼЦ
Ĭ˵飬ദôãǲûС
Ű׼ʼֻǣ˶٣Ѿкա
׼ʼһ㶣漴ЦôжǶգǺ£Щ󴫳еˣһ檣һ㡣
ʿӺճ˫Ⱥǳձ飬ȴһϳɣ˵Ը鲢Ϸأð׼ʼв죬ȻҲ⣬˵һǳˣԼĺ˸ߣǺ¡
ԣ˷ۡ
׼ʼ˵Щ£Կó̫һǿˣȻҲи飬Ǿͱ̫£ûʲôˣʿ̫ҲˣúðסĪҪź
ʲôСˡôô˳Լˡ
׼ʼ֪ʲôһЦ̫⡣˵ţ죬ٴοڣʵ˵Ϸǲ̫ף㵽Ϊʲôȥһ졣
ſڣ˼ǷҪ
ǲ㣬͵Ϸڡ
׼ʼЦ
ҡҡͷ˵Ǵӵһúͺնڵһ죬뿪̫ˣȥһ׼ʼһƲл꣬ܿͻɢ֮ԷܺԷٿȥԷҲò˼ԣʱ㲻ٱտڲԣһЩ¼򵥸֪
รӵһһʱŻǳһЩ𣿡
׼ʼɻ
ʱиסʱŻڵĻ
˵
Ȼʲôˣû˵
ԭˡ׼ʼͷ죬ǸӾ⣺ʼ˺գܺãǳãƲл걾֧Ų˶ãɢǰܻһ͵ڶǵˣɢĺмֵ
Ȼ񣺡лǰ
лǵȼ۽㣬ɣҺˡ
׼ʼҡͷ
Ҫл
ɫ
ܰ׼ʼƲлܿͻɢȥҲ֪׼ʼѹһѹ룬ǿΪֻ壬лҪл
׼ʼͷɨ
ܣ׼ʼ㰲ʮлһС
ˣ׼á
׼ʼ
Ȼ֪׼ʼ潫Ҫʲôͷһ񣬰վԭء
׼ʼĲл꿪ʼ⣬һɼΪӿгһգֻܹΪʿԣұǾλҪˡ죬׼ʼЦףɣƵʮ򣡡
ˣ
âҫۣ׼ʼĲлø財
лǰ׼裬ǷɣԹۣȫ
ɫ˵
úúãԣһӣ
׼ʼͷ
һױâ֣йâΪһ壬һΪĹâֱ뵽츹漴ܿʧǰ׼ʼĴʱڣպξһʱš
Ƭڹâֱ֯ʮ󣬲ȫɢȥ
âƬָ̺ʱԸоڶһλãͬһֹ֣Դػ
Ҳʱ׼ʼɢˡ
л
ĬĬ˾䣬صһȥ¶ԣ̫Ҫˡ
ڵڶ˶٣ƿţ⡣
ԶĬĬţͬʱԱҲа׼ҵǡ֮ǰ򵤵Ľҩ׼ҵĴѾַ֮ȥ׼һҲָʱһڴﶼ
أ
Īǰʵ
ĪѾ۹ûзְ׼ʼӰϢǲ졣
ɢ
˵
׼ǿߺһЩ׼Ҵһ֪ԼһʼΪл״̬֧Ų˶ã⻰Щ˻ǲɵ¶Ȼ˵ı飬Ͼǿǰ׼һ棬泹ţܲˡ
ΨаûʲôӦֻ֪ܶһߵĮĶ졣
׼һڴﳯķдĬʮʱ䡣
׼ҵĴ죬ʵţʼ涼˵Щʲô
ûҪ㡣

ڰ׼⼸ʵʲôøС
׼Ҵǿü˵ίʵЩ塣
ʲô̬ȣ
̫ϳϲá
Ҿ̬ȣϲͱ𿴡쵭ɨһֵۣڣǶߣǱߵˣҲǰ׼˼ñʱ򷴻ڡȻӲТͽû˵


460 Ⱥ
Ļ׼ҳȴҹ⣬һڴɫѿŭ죬Ҫǰ׼ʼ֮ǰһЩ£ڹƻֱ졣
߰ɡ

ĪĵҪأҹͬȥɣǲ塣һȥһʮС壬ǵţ
Ц׼Ҹڶ򣬻ҪأԵɣ˭𣿻˵˱⣬һʲô캦飿
Ц
֪Īܵʲô޷¶ˣҪЩ˶
˵ʲô
Ұ׼ʲô캦£
̫ˣ
̫ϳŭ
ĶżˣҪôʵʵȥҪôӣµ׼ǰ¹ڡȻѡߣһֱӴȥһطԶҲذ׼Ҳ˵ջ˵ñң
㣡
Īܵ˽Աɫ
ĻϬǲȥǻͳӲТͽˣͬʱĻһڴﶯݣ̫ضѾܣĴ߰ֻʧһ̫壬У
ȥ
Īҧ
׼ʼҪվ֧죬ԲҶ춯֡
һʼӦͺˣαԼѿ

׼Ҽɫȴǲٿ˵ʲôֻǺݺݵĵ졣
ͷһȥ
԰
Ͱǰ棬Īܸ׼Ҵһһȥ
һ߹׼ͤ¥׼һЩͨӿ¶֮ɫ
⡭Ǹ죬ʥһǡ
ڣȻȻ󣿡
У̫ϳǣм⣬⡭
׼Ӷˡ
׼洦ڴ̫ϳϴͨ۷壬ͨɵ죬ÿһ߳ȥɸӵڶǰ׼ҵ꼶ǰ׼ڣǿڵڶ򶥶˵ǿߣȴһԲĸ󣬰β棬ð׼һڵӲ㾪°͸ʵ̫Ϸ绯ˡ
ܿ죬һ˿׼ͥ߳⡣
һʱ䣬׼֮⣬ʿǴ󾪡
⡭
죿ˣа׼ҵ塣
Ǻ棬죡ǡǰ׼ҵļ
УǼͷ˭Īǰ׼ҵ̫ϳϣС˶ס˰׼ҵĴ棬ͻأһĲǸߣÿµϢѵǡ
׼ҵĴǿߣ
⣬ô£׼ҵ꼶Ȼ󣿡
ǿ׼ôǡ
˶סˡ
ǰ׼Ҵ̫£ĵڶʿۼ׼֮⣬һ˴׼ң⽫Ƶȳøʿۼڰ׼⣬뿴һµ֣ſ
ʵϣʿʵţ׼ңǱɣϾ׼ҿϹңǴϹʱж£ĵ̿ǷǳֲҪ˵ֻʿȥǿߣҲÿԻ߳׼ͥ
ڣ˳ȵ˳ʹһʿļ¡ȴЩľ£𺳵ǣǾȻ׼һ꼶ͬΪһ߳Ӳɳ
졭ҵ찡
ˡ
ʦɡ
˶죬
УҲ͵͵ĶŰ׼ָָ㣬˵Ű׼ЩĻԻսǺɨͬ˫Ȼʱ˿̣еĻԻսɶڳһ˵ĸߴǸˣ졣
԰ĪΪף׼һڴɫѿӻҪϣ׼ҼǿЦֻԼǷﱻνֵ˰㣬ΡȻǲԹ죬ϾôȫΪ˸СŮ
ܿ죬һԶ˰׼ҡ
⡭
׼һ꼶ȥˡ
Ҫȥģ
˽Բ졣

ʱûжãŰ׼һˣһɽһéСԺǰ
ȥСԺԵЩңطӿӻǱµնһ㣬ԺмζһЩʱԺվһ꣬һǶһŮŮշǳ㲣ϡ仹ԿһЩۡ
档
Ůǰ
ǰ콫иչˣԼǹһǰ׼ңҪ֮˵Ҫȥ׼ңʱγҪ뿪ذ׼ȥΪ֪Լļжô£ȥֱ
ֻǣǿȻչ˰ȻŰ뿪Ȼǿ£ȴҲɱֻéݺСԺȴûôˣ˴꣬Ҫ׻ٵˣط޲Ρ
ԶԶģŰӣɵ
ͬһʱ䣬Ժм䣬ͷˡ
ˡ
԰˵
ţСȣ̧ͷʱһ䡣
죡磡
¶ϲ֮ɫվСԺȥһһ¾ײ컳УһһģứЩ죬ȥ׼ңÿһ춼ں£ÿһ춼ذ׼ȥȴÿһζ¡
ޡ
찲οᣬЩҵ㷢
أ
Աһõ
ɫЩڣԼðȻһͳ˹ȥ
űӣ˵УŰķõСͻȻװ㣬ſǻ磬û£̫ˣ
ɫ˲Դ
ЦЦ˵ͷ׼һˡ
ʲô
Į
׼Ҵǿߺ̫ϳϵʱԭܲˣ˿̼Լһ̫С㲿ӣһҲ¶֮ɫϾô˵ɶǵѪף׵ĺˡ
ѾͷǲãǻؼɣԺǾٱޡ
׼ڵ
ҹǰɫŮԲ𣬸дӦ㡣
̫ϳǰ̾Ϣᣬð塣ǰֻһζҪüǿʢɴ˿̣Լ˱ƵİСʱĹģЩǶɵ¶ھεı顣
ģ
Щ£ЩϲŰ׼һڴ
Ļһֱš
ġ
Īͷ
գҲԸ游װҹ˻ؼ塣ͬʱ׼һڴҲ¶Цݣͬ˰㣬ɫ͡
쿴һĻɵûһЦĻ棬ȻǷǳ⿴
ȥ񵶻֣صĵݹȥлˡ
δ׼ң񵶿ǰæ


461 ʵſ
нӹ񵶣ûж٣ֻǵĶ˵ͷ
졣һ𣬰˹һؼҰɡ׼һڴѰӦٱƻ飬֪ȫĹͣʱܿġ
ʱˣпգȥѰ㡣
ҡͷ
ʱԵһ״̬׼صһȥ
Ϊʲôһȥɣ

Զ׼ҼҲڣ롣
ñȥ
˵
ʱ֣һԸȥӣһǵȥ
ѽѽ
ﻶϲ漴лǸ⣬Щ죬ǰСԺӸĵĲӡȥ׼ֻͣǣ浹ǱֱҡͷԳƲȥ׼ңԼҪȥ
ͷ漴ǺͰ׼һ𣬺ܿ뿪Ƭɽ

׼ڣо£ӭԼһĹ壬ȻҲΪ졣
ˣ˵ĲΪ˻Ӻ˴ڣú
ͨǿ쾴ơ
ûж˵ʲôȻϲȾƣȴһԷѾǷӣŵ̬֮ǰǰ㣬δԵ̫Դˡ
ˣлллΪСŮͳһУ
׼Ҽ濪ڣΪһ֮ȴ˫־ٱ
Ӧõġ

԰׼ҼǸоԺãԷҲԸȰ޲ϲˣֻһ˾־ѡ׼ʱ˲Ϊѹ򼸸̫ϳŹȻҪȴ⡣
žƱһ
ʱ׼ҵĴ
һжԹⱭƣȫ
׼滰ﲻ࣬ļ
á
ͷ
һЦһɨԹٴоơ
ⳡҲǺܺг䣬ڰ׼һЩĵ£׼һЩҲ³ɼһЩĵӹƣɫ䵹ҲǺ𾴡
첻ϲƣȴ֪峡ϣһҹǰƵˣ߲ܡ
֡죬Һȵ㣿
ģһ̳ӣͷ쿪ڣӶ߲ˡ
죺
ԱߣɫʱˣŮ̷Ըȥ
Ů̵æһһңŰ׼һͥԺȥǰķ䡣
𣬱קңңңҪȡҡˡãҺȡȡ
߽ȣϧȴûãܿͱŮϳ硣
ԶһЩ׼ֱͨЦնûЦ
죬һƵݹȥȵ
ʲô̬ȡ

ˣǽݹľһβʣ

һĨâһơ
ӹһ
ĬĬͷһڴ롣
죺
Ըˡ

ң㲻У

ûжĻ̳͹࣬漴ĮĶ졣
ۣȡһֱ̳Ӻ
ֻǲϲȾƣС
תۼ䣬˵ŶԷһ̳һ̳Ƹ˳໥
ܿ죬˸Թ½ʮ̳ƣƮƮȻ
漴ֲͬʱʱ
˵
ͷ
ƺԷ˳ۣһžƾֱŤһ
㣡
˵
á
׼ˣ
ǵʥӣǸֿˣ

ҪҪ
⡭˰ɣ
ҾҲǡ
ٵֹ
Ͱ˲٣Ťһ𣬲ûжԪȫˣ˵ȴǷǳ°˸ȥҪǲСİһȭֱӾܵȥ˼£Щ˿ɲɵ
׼ҼﶢߣȴûһǰֺǺǵĹۿ
׼һڵӣ
һҹܿȥ峿ء
оͷЩۣһԼȻڰ׼ҴԺԱߣţקͷʱʱݺݵĳһ£ʱӺߡ
Ǹá
ǰƮһ
ǰƯĴ۾Ͱ
ϵĺ߸ֱ࣬ӽ߿
Ҹ½ѽ
ֹ
վϵĳĸɾñȥϵζ
⴫˵еһԺˡ
ȡЦ
죬ҹϡҲǵһЩ𣬶ʱ˼
ֹţ˵ллѽΪðôաһ˴׼׼泹ҵܸжܸˡҪ֪ļǴϹʱĴңһĴǿ߶ҴȴվΪ˽ǽ֮˶⡣
ʲôʱôˣ
ݸ
Ӧлġ

ðɣҪôл
ۡ
£գ۾Ҫôлԡ
һ㶣գ۾ıʵЩɰ
˵˵ѡ
Ц
﷭˷ۣҲûٶ˵ʲôǴڰ׼ڲתơ
֮ǰ׼ңΪԱǲûϸȥۿ׼ڲŰһǿ˰׼ڲжô㣬ͤ¥ɸ֮壬иŵıĴܿһ겻꣬ǳˡ
ݻ
̾
ݻʲôãҪڡ

̲סЦһʮСѾͷȻѧ˵ôµĻ
ʹһѡ
ֹ
ڰ׼ڣе޳Ůսãİ׼ӸĿ
ĳôƯ
һէһͦ䡣
˵ô˳ࣿ
˶ָָ㡣
ͰΪȻЩ
ڼ׺ݣ
Цʵ
УҺܹԵģ㿴ǲǺܹԣǲǺŮ
գۣһԹŮӡ
ʱգǱƽʱǸӱȽϺá
ϲƤԵģû⣬ĵҶᣬһ㡣
˵
죺
׼Ҵɽ֮Уռľˣڰ׼תƣúһƬŨӡ
˵ҼҺԺżͷ˳ޡ
ȥѹһɽȻǰ׼ҵĺԺݳޡ

ȥú󣬼ͷѩ׵޳ҰУӴ
΢ܸоͷ޵ǿ󣬾ŴĲΡ
СѩССޡ
е
ͷ޻תŰ󣬶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫܹĵһҡ
ҲʱʲôΪѩޣǳ
޼ʱ˵ҼͷѩţС
˷ۡ
ȻУҴûƭ㡣
ͷ
ͷѩȻӴǴͰȴǺ׽һͷСѩſӣһɴǽȥϡ
һЦҲǰȥ׼ȥͰһ
Сƫͷ۶죬쿿
ֹiʵſ£ҪȻ㣡


462 ػصһ
ͷѩ޺ǿܻ񣬵Ǵ˿ȴͻأһŵˡҪ֪ʵնɱһͨɳǿ߶ʲôʱһۣһ˿Ϣһվܵˡ
ô׸Ǹӡ
˵
һɸˣǺӣӤˡ

һԾǳͷѩ޼ڰԱߡ
Ƥëͦ˳
ѩ޵ļ
ǵȻġ

ͼͷѩһˣͷѩ޵ĲӣԷʱ⣬ȥԱߣͷѩȻҲǻϡ
ƬӺܴ󣬰ѩ޴һʱҲֻתʮ֮һѡ
Ǵûߣݳ޵Ĺˡ
ԡ
԰԰ҼҾôҪҪ׸
գ۵
Ƿʰ
ֻô֡
ʱ߳Ƭӣ󣬸ԻظԵķ䡣
תۼ䣬һҹȥ
գʳ䣬ƿţĳ
ûȥˡ

һ죬Ͱ׼Ҽ׼ȥ
ƬҲûطȥʹҼѽҪȥ

Ҫȥ

ʲôȥҪã
һʵ
ȻʧЦķ̫ãһ㡣Ҫصһ죬֮ҲضػصڶΪҪӵڶȥ죬ȥ죬ȥ죬죬죬ڰ죬ھ죬ʮ죡
ʮ죬֤һĿꡣ
ȷ
׷ʣ·ܵƵġ
ȷ
ͷ
վڰԣɨһۣû˵ʲô
죬ӭʱ׼ң׼ҵһֱΪ򿪡
׼ҼΪԼŮһ˴ϹңʵǺܳɫսϣǷݶԼŮ⣬԰׼ҼǺ⡣ټϰ׼ʼɢǰ˵Ļԣ׼ҴȻǻһֱΪ򿪡
л𣬴ȥ

ڶʮ嫣˼ϡ٣Եúƶ񤡣
һնУֱԼȥպ󣬷ڶߡ
ȥǰһƬ嫵ɳĮһ紵ɳ
ǻ

ɳĮУһһӡɳĮȥ
֪ڶͨһʱŻƬļߣҲڰ׼ҷһЩżȷͨһʱŻľλãƬɫɳĮͷ
ɳĮУЩȣȼʿԣҲʲô
ͻȻǰɳһֻ޴Ыӹӻɳгǰ
żޡ

Ųûͣ£һɨһǿĽ磬ֱӽ·ľżɨɡ
һ·ȥ;ٻɳµޣǿҲֻճڼ𣬸סɨһƬ
ܿ죬ʱȥƬɳĮߵ˾ͷ
ǰһƬС֣СִԼԲʮңľѾݰܣֻʣ˲֦ߵֹסŲСмһʯ̨һޱȲɣϢʯ̨ŲӡǣһɫĹԼɶߣԵЩ죬ΧĿݰܻԵЩ롣
ȵʱŻһܵĻ֮ûˣ
ǰʯ̨ɫ֮⡣
ٿǰһܻصһ
תڶ򶫷ǰ׼ҵķ
˸âԼʮתһֱӿɫڡ˵һһâ˸һŹΣգۼ佫ûȥ
ܣڰ
ѹ֯⣬úЩ˳ڣǵһξʱŻԲšܰһҲſռС
ˣڰһ·ˡ
֪ʱ䵽׹ȥ˶ãֱһ̣ڰĿռÿ
¡¡
ڽ֯쿴ڰ֣ʱһ亹
һ̣опֲ˺֣ЩҲΪֲͬ٣ƺҪ顣
һʱŻˣ
ľ
һϽڵİ׼ʼĻ֧һЩһȦĻ͸εĻСʱ䣬оܵ˺ˣһĻ⶯ȴǲ֮ܽ顣
һ̣ռٴһй֡
һѷ֣һ챻ڰһƬɽС
Ĺȵزһʯ̨ʯ̨һɫվɨӶбǻâ̫Ϥˣȣ
һ죬һˣ
Ц
ԺӰһ뿪ȵأȥ
Ƭȵزܿ˳ȥǰʱһ㶣ֱӴסˡ
ȥȵ⣬ȱһƬãеȫ̫ͬĹس˴ԼʮңпµĻ
⡭
Ц
뿪ʱϾƹںĴţĵƣҲ֪ضϾƹĴһսĽעطҪѰһЩʲôȴʧˣʲôҲ֡
ΣǸϼһһ£

ϾƹоԵţǸˣһȥ
ԭض˶٣ڿնȱԵȥϡ䣬ǵõʱλãܹȥ
һ̣ͣƫͷұߡ
ˡ࡭ٺ١ˣ࡭
Ʈ
ЩˣͬĦ㡣
һĽһҺĹӰ˳һһңԵ÷ǳɲ
ˡ࣬ٺ١㡭
Ӱֲ塣
ĹӰо˼ɲͬϤϢаϢеųĳϢʹüܿ죬ʶҡҷ˲٣㣬ص׿ռֻ
ȣͼһһͷжһͼһ֮ȥҲֻ룬ʱôãػصһ򣬾ȻٴμֻֻǶԷϢ̫ࡣ
һЩѪ⣬ӣ

ò˵ΪĹϵʵں׼ϾƹնһһЩȱѪ⣬ֻһЩӣһ𣬻ѻһ
㣬ڡ£㡭
Ӱ
һһң
һ˿Ѫǿ̫౶żȻ죬ʱ¶Ҫɵ졣ֻǺܿϧļֻ촦ʶʱԣעһ
̧֣ʮһֱӽӰᴩ

ӰҽУ絾һɳȥסڵϷʹ
ȷʵȵǿ˺ܶ࣬ǣҲڽɱ㣬á

ȹ̫ΣգһöԷܳȥԻΣͨˣÿ࣬Ӳ¶Է


463 
ʮ˸֮⣬ȫ׼˹Ӱ
ЩÿһϢʥˡ

ӰҽУһڵϣϵš
ò˵ӰһЩѪ󣬵ǿ࣬ھ󣬿һֱӱ顣漴ӰХһһڣĶ죬ԵޱˣǵԹ顣
ŭٴγƵɭ
ƽֻһ߾ܳɹϧվһߣʲô
һŵȫŹӰѹȥͬһʱ䣬ǿ£̫ӰֶȥʱӰһ¶⡣
ǿ£Ϊ̫򣬶ЩаԣȻҲоԿ
ӰУ·ǿʲôµĶתӡ
ˡ

ˣ߳ƬȣضԻ˵ľѪΪʳ֮ܽ¡ǿֶ£Ӱסͬһʱ䣬ʮವ졣
ʮٶȼ죬ȫӰڡ
ӰĲҺëȻ
̧֣ƽ̯ճȭ״
һǿѹ£ֱķ飬Ѫɢ䣬ɢ
춢ǰеѪâ˸һöҺıڵϣʹ΢΢ݡֶõһΣնһҩʦʬʱҲֶֹΪ۶ɵѪԴ壬еȶĺô
һЩѪ⣬ԼϢʹ۳Ѫˡ

ѪɼϢ۶ɣͨҪķѺܳʱ䣬ҪѪ֮ͨԭǲѪǣΪһЩѪ⣬ȴһ˿䣬Ѫۣ֮֮Ѫ
Һ䣬ддѪ֮ܲǰѪֵߡ

СĵȡһƿöѪз
ƫͷɨһܣûͣڿն𣬳ŸǰȥƬȷǳǚiУûղܵԵشնб㲻ͽȣԼȥʱȵĵط
ǰ֯һƬԿ壬Ǵ粽С
ŵ

걻֣վǿҲƿ߽Ǵ߳ȥԵࡣ̫ܵǿɢһʱ䣬˳ȥ
ȥǰһƬ֣紵һƬƬҶƬֵľܶ࣬ΪȣЩӰ£ƬеľһļǳſݻƵ״̬ѿƬҶ
ڳˡ
¶Цݡ
ƬϤأԼڻˡ
վԭأĿͣĳһĹȵڡ
׼ȥĹȣˣȥĹȣȥط
꣬Ϧ棬зڵĸλ
΢
ҶƮڿնʮɸߵĵطһٺһ˲ʮɣľˡնУ߾ɿˣзХţȺХŵķ˿ȴҲʤ֮ģΪˡ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱһϣгԣľܺáͣǰȥĿĵΪĹȣĹȵλãǳطĹѾԶˣһʱܵ
䣡
ʱ䣬ԶԪʹֹסŲǱȥ
ǸһѪڿ񱼣Ŷʮһ꣬Ѿ˺صˣ׷ɱˣϵϢܲϴſЦè׽ϷŪǰ汼ߵꡣ
꣬ʱĿһ
ʶ꣬ȴϵϵķΣǷڵӵ
Զ׷ɱ꣬Ц
ӰЩܡ
ûԷ𣿡
ЩҪ˲䱻ɱû˼𡣡
һϷŰ
ҧ󣬷ܣʱѪˮ
ܶܲû˼ˡ
˵
וּһ貽âնꡣ
걻ѹƣˤڵأ¶֮ɫгС
ҲҪǣ
˻
ߣ𣡡
׷Ц
ʱ䣬ͬʱ֣նꡣ
âķûиܵĻᡣ
ʺͺ⡣
ﬣ
ʱһһĽâȫն顣
£һһӰת۳ǰ
ʲôˣ
棬׷ɱӺȵһơ
ϵһָȥһƴԪסơ
лл࡭лȻʱֱסˣ漴¶ϲ֮ɫһץס죬Ĳѣ֡ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ֣
쵱ڷڵ̫ʢ¿˲֪˲Ѿʧ˴꣬ǣȴǼǵȻҲ⡣Ҫ֪ţ˭ǣͬϾƹȻȥҲΪĴǣǺӣҲͨʷὫϾƹμס
죬Ҳһ
ͷʲô
һ㶣漴¶֮ɫץָ˼֣ʦ֣ţɱˣǵ̫ϳϿͨɾ̲Ƿڡ̫ϳϣǣסкĵʦڻӳȥĹԮҲˡ˵Ѿ̲סᣬק죺ʦȥȥţšȡ
Ѫɫò԰˲١
𼤶

һƱɱ⣬ȴƽİ꣬漴ʯȡһöƷ¡ȱļֵǺܾˣǳֻգۼɫٱúǺ߰˳ɡ
ԶȻǰĵӣǶĶ죬г֣ҲǸסˣЩ㶡ڰĵ˵ȻҲţǿǰɱˡ
˰κ󣬷˿ڣžɫͼɵ죿˵ʧ
ﬣ
Х֣â˲佫˵ͷ­ն
ѰطˣԺ󷵻š
վ˵
ңҪȥĹĹȵ̫ϳϡ̫ϳ̫ˡ
˵
ƺʲôֲĳЩ΢΢
ˡ

˸亮⣬Ųһαڿնû񷣬գۼʧʾͷǵȿֲٶסˣɵ÷


464 ƾҲʦ
ڿղϣ䣬ջصһŷѣΧϣҪ̲ڣʹһ˵ɱ⡣ڷʱŶܺãΪϧһսϲ


һϢǣ˸ٶٴһαʮɡ

ھڸɽ֮ϣķľʣŨ
ֻǣʱ˿̣ԭŨڣȴһѪȵζ
ȥڱٵһƬǽ壬ٵӲѪˮȾ˴Ƭ档
翹µȫ⣿
Į
ׯϵĴǰվһߣŵɹ⣬Ϣǿ
ǰ̫ϳϣ
ʱ̫꣬ϳϿͨɾһմŰˣԼһΧϷڡΪ̫ϳϿͨɲΣڱǸûܹסȻǷڵ̫ϳҲһ֮Уתۼ䣬һƬҵ
ҵȾҲᱻ̲
̫ϳϳǲסѪ
ڣĸϸżΪصˣڵһЩִº͵Ҳ˵˵ڣȫŭŷǰİˡ
յ϶ȥʺ
ڵͿĸϣƢǻ𱬣֮չĵѱţǶ԰ΪʹޣһҲ顣
ӱ
϶ϾƹһۣȴǻָˣΪ̫ϳϿͨΪѰֱۣȥ
̫ϳϱ˫֣һ꣬ұǰΧεİһӡ߿ǰһɫЩĮһƿеĸоݵ͵ѧҰİطҲѧȥΪ˲ڵ⴫ϷΨ·ѡ
ŷˣ̫ϳϽŵһڲҰҰӣϰǲʲôϵڶնˣֹط⴫޿κ֮¡Ϸɱǵһ·ߣʵʵĲҰϷֻʧ
ŷڵķˣ̫ϳɫǵĮ߸ϡ
ϲҪĶ
г
Ű̫ϳϣ˸һ˪
λӦ˰ǰ˼ɣкβأһ𣬰̫ϳվŵĻ˿ڣŷͷ̫ϳ˵ԭֱ˷ڣȴҪǣһڶ飬λĪҪʶô˼Ҳһڵӡ
ʱ˿̣̫ϳϴŰķɱڣѾɨƽһУ˱Ƶ˷ׯϵĴڡܴԼһӣֳֵŰȻЦ״Χ
ģʲôʱ˰߹ˣ
һϷ̡
ɫһʲô̬ȣںȰ
ȰһȺյҷͷȴվŲνĺȰͿЦҪΪǲ֪˰ĺô͵һ٣óСˡ
ô˵ɡ
ĵ
ʵϣȷʵ˰һЩôһĸְ֧̲ڡֻһʽϵ£Ϊǿ󣬿ҪԵ޹̲һŻһţǻָڸԣҪͬΪĴ֮һΪ֮Ԯ⵹ǰɵˣǣҪչܹάʹ֮棬ȻǺ¡
ΪһͨɾǿߣڵϤ˼ҲûҾܾҵһټϰһЩȷʵȻǶݣһǲһϣŰˡ
Ķ

Ŀн֯һɱ⣬ȴһվһ߲˵ʲôڽձضᱻЩ֮ˣŷϻ
̫ϳϵĮŷһˣǱ˫֣һ㡣
²һΣǷԸⲢҰ
̫ϳϡ
ȥʺ
ͿֱӺ
̫ϳһʱ֯ɱ⡣
ֱǡվ˳ɭԭҲ׼ڽǲһĽȫĥϧˣǹͷͦӲҲԸҰｫȫˣҲֹܷպֱʡ
⻰һ˽ͷһˣ˼
ˣ׼
ڡ
ʱ䣬һڰӸ߶Ԫɱ⽻֯ڡ
̫ϳϿͨɾһѹɨУʱ˿̣һ˽Ѿ˼صˣǷڵ̫ϳϣͷڵĸϣûսһڵʿɱǡ
֮ǰ̫ϳϿڣŷڴڵķͷ̫ϳϵˣʵǸΪСȥΪûм֣ǷڽصʲôطϷһʹ졣
켫пƿİطʱ޿̲ץס죬İط׳Ϊ£Ҳǰ£ϧûнһڣ̫ϳﵽĿģѰ졣
⻰˽Ц
֪֪ҵҲ㣬϶İɣ
ڼϺӲ
ʵϣҲ֪ȥϾƹ뿪ȺֻǸȥһطУʲôطǲ֪Ͼƹû͸¶
̫ϳɫҲڣһʣ
ڼϴЦѪȴǺ
ΣҪˣҷڻһ磡ļѾѪȾ͸ҲմȾѪʦֲǽȷʵҷڣɴʦֵ֪һУǰһŵ³
Ű̫ϳϣ޾⡣
磡̫ϳߣǺ⣺ȷʵţҪ̫߿ϷͨɾҲ㲻ʲôڣϷԻὫѰһնµȥžۡȫɱ
ǣ
һڵߺȣ𶯵ͬʱ
˴߶ԪҲ죬ҶǴ۷״̬һȺ˳˴ķһ˶ԣεסһʱ䣬Ȼ
ﬣ
ʱһĽ£ɰն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ǰʮը
ƾ㣬Ҳʦ֣
һ
⣬⽻֮֯⣬ͬһ㣬գۼڴĲϡͷڷ趯ɨһˣͬϹħ


465 
ϤԺһ·񱼣֮壬ڹؼʱ̸ϵ
ͷڷ趯ӱŷһ˽ڷǰ
죡
㣡
̫ϳϺͰ󾪣ϲ
Ȼ˳ܺãܺãǳã
̫ϳϴЦеľѰ졣
Ѱѹ죬ܵİط
Ķ죬΢΢һҲһӣǿǸšҲֻԿһۣҲͲˣ̫ϳϿ뵽ͨɲΣƬ򿰳޵У˭˶
֣졭
֣̫ϳϵ˽¶ϲɫѾܾûмˡ
һ̣һǱɫ
ߣ˭ģ
̫ϳϺȵ
ߣ
Ҳ
ţϾƹĵӣ̫ϳϺ˶챧кܴϣʱ֣Щ˸󼱡ǺĳɾͲ񣬰̫ϳѾǴﵽͨɾΪǿ̫̫ˣΪǶԷĶ֣ʱһ
챳ŷˣвɵøֳһů⣬ʱ򣬷ѾȴǵİΣܲжҲˣŰһ˵͸ӵ䣬˫Ǻ۵İֲꡣ
תŷ̫ϳϵ񣺡̫ϳϣλϣǸӻЩսѾԶԶڳˣȻǵڶʮ̵˶üɵ⼸ߣǴ֮⡣
İԼڵһӣ𾴣սΪû˿ϵ
ϻʲôСӣߣ
Ϳú
һЦͿȻںȴǸůڷڵĸϣͿụ̈ѹһͿõĵӣԭΪͿû鷳ȴ߲ûôָһȺɱʱ߸Ϊɱǳء
Ϳϣصġ
˵
ûһʿʯȡƿƷεıڵڶã˵Чܺáȡһһָ̫ϳϵˣͬʱҲָ˵ķڵǡ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣㡭㲻ʱġ
ǻɳΪѩް
зڵӿڣɫȻ
ЩӣʵϱţȴϾƹĵӣȻǷڵļĵҲ޷֮ȡټ챾սǿ츳ߣ紫ڣԣڵеӶǳء
û£ġ

һһҩָˣȫ˷İˡ
С

粽ֱӳץ졣Ҫ˲ɣϾƹնһֱۣ൱ʹ޷ڣʹϾƹȻҲʹ졣˿̣Ͻ֯Ĺ⣬ֱۣҪ˺
Сģ
Ҫģ

˱ɫ˼Ҫֵ
ҲʱͷҲأֳ˦ȥ
ﬣ
â̶ǳƬͻأ֡
ʧɫһ㱻ɨ˳ȥݺײһ޴ľϡ
ǣ
Ȼ
ⲻܣ
һڵӱɫ󾪡
ҲǶݣ¶˼֮ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣҲǶݣ𾪵졣
⡭ôܣ
һڷڵӾȡ
յǿڣʵǿᣬɴʱȴǱһ˦ֱĺɣԶѪƾסˡҪ֪ȻһֱǿǺǿȳ̶ˣжסˡ
Զ˴ŴӵվвѪĿ𾪵Ķ죬־ŭСղŶʲôʲôֶΣ
յǿߣȻһһ˦ֳɣʲôŭĲУĶ죬ʲôֶΣƾԼˣΪԣͲ¡
ڣ̫ϳ϶ˣ૵Ķ죺죬㡭
̫ϳϷģŲ¡
˵
һ𣬼ΪɭƾҲҿ˵£Ϊʲô
̫ϳϿǰһɹ˸˫֣Į졣
ˣ˽Ǳɫ
죬ѰߣԷѾﵽͨɲΣʦҪɱƶѡ

ͬʱҲ䱸ĶŰ̫ϳϣʱ׼ΪͻƿڣӳȥǷڰŵӣ縺˵ȻʮΰٴΣҲҪס죬š
ʲôƽʦǧ
Ͼƹ澳ĴڣϹʱ񶼼ɵͨʿʲô
гǣ밲ˡϴʦ峡һΣ
˵
䣬תһӷ߳
һˣ԰̫ϳϣ԰ġ
ǣԴ̫޴
̫ϳ˵
û˵ʲôӺ䣬һ˲ʧڰ̫ϳǰ
˿ֲٶȣ˽Աɫ
ǰ̫ϳϣֻһ糯Լ˹㡭
ž
һĶ⴫̫ϳϺɣݺײڲݳһʯϡ
һʯ飬̫ϳֱӿȳһѪ
һĻʱˡ
̫ϳϣ
еӾ
ô
ڣ̫ϳҲ⡭
ô£
˷
˫Ŀ˸һĻͻȻһɼϢӽŵ׳
һߣ𾪣Ҫ֮ǰɣΪֶΣɴ˿̣̫ϳҲɨɣЩļˡҪ֪̫ϳͨɾǿߣһֶΣο˵ĵͨǿߡ
ڣȻ𺳡
֣졭
⡭
⵱ǸСӣ
϶ˡ
ͬʱһִº͵ǺȻУְǱȽ˽ģɴ˿ȴҲǴסˣͬľܵİ㡣ң뷽ţ̫ϳѹ̧־ɨˣǿ۷ķ̫ϳҲһжסƺˡǴ˿̣µһˣȻת۾ͱ˳ȥ
ķ̫ˣ
Զ̫ϳϿѪһŭƵܵʯȫ

̫ϳһնŤһͨɾǿߣԺɨƬˣ޵УһȴǱһСһƳϣɳȥʮԶݶɶˣŭĲУɭȻ⡣


466 õ
̫ϳŭˣͨᵽȫµԸһ죬ʵϣ絽ҲȷʵǾ߱޵֮ˣյĴз̫ϳҲһжһֳȻĸоǣָоûмȴͻȻ֣һƽɣָӡݣܲŭ
䣡
񱩵ɹ⽻֯ڶζ˽Ծ֡
ɽ嶼ҡˡ
⡭
ͨǿߵƣ⡭
ļ¡
һ̣̫ϳɢϢֲ̫ˣڵ澹ѡ
쫷ϯһһɨǰڷ
죬Сģ
󺰡
֮ǰ˰̫ϳϣһ𾪣һ̣Ű̫ϳɢ˿ֲĲ˶ʱɫֵ
¡
̫ϳᣬӿ嶼ڶ
ٶȺܿ죬ףֻǣЩʲôֵһᣡ̫ϳ϶죬˵Ǳ޳ԪѾһڣԼ߹汾˻ذǱ֫ץ
䣬̫ϳŨʹ÷ڵն鿪١
涶ɳգСʯһһ顣
ˣ
˽ǲɵò˿ֲƣ˭˿ɵ
ǵ壬̮ģ
зڵӾŭ
ǰǰ챳ŷˣĶŰ̫ϳϡ
ָ̧֣Ƶɫâ˸һԾ׿ʦ֮Ͽ̻ķƣתۼʹ÷ȶҡΣңԭŤŵգҲתۻָƽ
⡭ʲô
񡭡ƣ
ʦ֣
˱ɫ
̫ϳϺͷ˸ľΪԿʦһȻǷǳ˽⣬п̻ƣǿ׿ʦ°ȻڣȻͽϿ̻ƣס壬ǽ֮⡣
˿֮ﵽ׿ʦΣ⣬ôܣ
ͿúȻʧɫ
ʦֽ𣿲ԣʦֲһǿ϶ģ
𺳡
ʦؼǺټֵ౶һ׿ʦǿɶǸ߸ϵĴһ֮ڣʮѣȴѾﵽ׿ʦĸ߶ȣֱǸŵ漣
ģһĵӣסˡ
ʮ꣬һ׿ʦ
벻㵹ǻصͦȻǸʦﵽ׵ˮ׼
̫ϳϺ
ûʲô飬粽ĶŰ̫ϳϣǰȥ
˽һ
ͨǿߣȻ̬
̫ϳӸ׿ʦǺΪƾһ뱾һսȻ֪νſЩ
ž
һ̣̫ϳٴκɣһײһɫʯ
Ӱڰ̫ϳϷڣٴγŶԷƹȥ
ãÿ죡
ôƶģΪʲôʲôûп
⡭
ļ¡
ЩҲǶݣǿİ̫ϳϣͨɾǿڣȻαɣ
䣡
񱩵𣬰̫ϳŭХһΣֱӳڲ֮ϡ
Ȼ֪ƿʲôֶΣ֮ϣζ֣
̫ϳϺȵ
Ͱһ̫ϳ֮ǰɣҲǾƿĹֶΣʵսôҪ֪ǰ죬ʱ컹ֻʶζѣȥʱ䣬սôܳͨɾǵ׿ʦ֮󣬰̫ϳϱǸӿ϶ԼĲ²⣬ϾʦһƿֶΣⲢ֣ʷϿмأһʶ׿ʦֶΣɱһ۷ǿʿ
̧ͷ˸̹ǡ
৵һӰʧһһӰӭŲϣһ̱ٴγڰ̫ϳǰ
㡭
ž
𣬰̫ϳϺɣֱӱһƴϸ¡
̫ϳ׹£رӴ󷢳һҳһ޴οӻ죬ȴȵϣԶž㸩·
һĻϣʿڳױɫ
ϣ
⡭
ղΣ
˱ɫ
ղΣĴڵĳϼǿڵΪ߶Ȱ
գվ磡վ磡
͵ʦһɫʦָɫ
ҷڵţڶţ
ڣ𾪣漴Ц
ʱ򣬿ϣͻȻ֮ǰմӷǸʱΪͻȻֶϲżȣȻǲע⵽ǵϸڣʱ𣬱ǸӼķ
ʮ꣬վ
Ǻεȵ츳
ܣ
ɫ
ŶãȻѾʶοվ磬ôô죡
Ҳסˣʮվǿߣʮ׿ʦǺεȵ
䣡
𶯣̫ϳվɫ࣬ޱ
̫ˣ
̫ϳϺ죬Ȼ⣡
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ϣ졣
̫ϳڿնһڱ֣˸ں⣬ǱʮΪˡתۼ䣬ϲ˱УžʮڣȫݣԸӦȾɱɭϢ
µİͬʱƿʮڱϷͨɾ谭ѾԽڣͬʱƿؾʮ˼
̫ϳɭȻ
ϣԣֻĶŰ̫ϳϡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶صתۼ䣬߸ֳһʮڱ
һʮڱݺύɭ⽻֯תĹâҲ֪Ȱ̫ϳϻıǿ˶ٱûпɱԣһ죬һڵء
⣿ȫ
СгԽĶǡǡ
⡭
˵ıȫˣ˿׼¶ֵı顣
ĶŲϣ컽ıȻԼһ̫ϳϻҪ࣬Լһ̫ϳϻıҪǿ
㡭ⲻܣ
̫ϳϵһʧɫ̲סͨɾΣƾǿŴưµĲȱƣͬʱƿؾʮڱԴΪԺתۼ䣬ȻһʮڱԶıǿ˲佫ӰȻò䵽ĵ


467 
ϣƯţ˸ű⣬˵
һ̣˵Ŀⶼϣ˶¶ļµı顣
һ̣˶ˣ˺
ܣ
̫ϳ
Լǿ˳ԽбԽܵ
ʱ򣬰̫ϳϳ˷ŭ
ɱ
һŭ𣬰̫ϳߣʮڱɱ졣
ıΣıǿΣͳͳСѾͨɾ磬ͨɾ磡Ѿһεˣͨɾ֮£϶
̫ϳϺ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
˻ĳ졣
䣬Ű̫ϳϣ˼ûС
һһʮڱϣն¡



һ̫ϳϻıһն飬Ƭ׹䡣
̫һսʱȻٵһЩǲʲôںռλҩʦռһٰʮЩ̫ŻٵѾ档



ϣգۼ䣬̫ϳϻıȫն顣
ܣȺһĻһľ
ǿİ̫ϳϣʮڱȴתۼ䱻ȫٵ
ܣ
̫ϳŭ𡣺һƵһ˵ķĻͬһڵ㳯ŭȥ
ž
һΣ̫ϳϱɣʮԶסΡ

̫ϳϴ
ͨɾǿߣƬ򣬿һ̣ȴȻôܽܣ
ᣬ߰ٱȫ
㿴ʲôʵ

һһƬĹŴɽ˻𲻶ϡ漴һԻеšһ̣֣һ𣬹ҫ˷ǿճ֣ԲԻ̫֮֯ɾʥ
磡̫ǿ£
â֮ҶݺӣһƬƮ֯󣬽еͬٳ
䣡
˲ѣΪģ˵Ĳɢɫ԰ףֲѡ
նȻµķƣһҲǿһֱӷˡ
⣬⡭似
ԣ似⡭
ǣ˵еġͨ
˿־塣
ϣĮ㸩Ӱ̫ϳϡ
㡭㡭㡭
̫ϳϵŵŵŵĺˣһǵȿֲĲˣֹסĲ
ĶŰ̫ϳϣ
һ𣬻磬̫ǿ£һѹ£󣬵֮Ҷݺӵһ̫ϳŷһɱ֮ᴩм䡣
ۣ
Ѫը̫ϳҽжֱӱѹʣ
һ˲䣬ڶˣš
Ҳ֪˶ãһŵ𣺡̫ϳϣУɫò԰׵㣬ɪɪôò׳һͨɾǿߣһ̣ȴô򵥵ľͱնǿһͨɾĴڰ
̫ϳϣ
ô
ΣΣܻ£
һڵӽԾ֡
һͨǿߣԼŵͨǿߣȻôնˣʣ
һߣҲˣɫѩס
ãð
Цʱ
ڣ˸קȭͷ𺳣ܡ
磡죡ʦͽʦͽڰ
ˣ˿ѡ
磬졭
̫ϳᣬϵֹסķ
ǰ콾Ӣ˲һ˺ɨĴͬˣѹϱǿߣ˫Ĺȵʱ̫ϳǷ顣񣬰ԺͻصĵӣӳɫӾޣʮղΣ׿ʦ֣֮ϣնһͨɾǿߣ
ʦͽˣһһţһһޣȫڣ
ǺεȵĽ
ֵˣֵˣֵˡ
̫ϳ૵
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
һڵӴ󺰣ң
콾ϵҫ
һʱ䣬ϣϲüɢһС
ڴˣһˣģǻֵ̿˼㡣

ŵŵŵĺˣ֣ͣ
һЩͨӣֹסĲ
ϣ콵£ˡ
Ŀ䣬ʱİݺһ㡭Ҫʲô
ӵĮлĳһһ
וּһն
ۣ
ͷ­ն£Ѫˮɶߡ
죬һն
ӣôᣬѵѾʦˣ
ţţ
ڼϼ
ն˰ûʲôƫͷġ
ӭĶʱоˣСֵܣҲǰˣĳģ⡭Ǳ˱ȶҡҲ룬㣬ɱɱңңҿڵ˵ǸԣҿԵǸ̫ǿˣͨɾİ̫ϳ϶նˣһɱܲ־壿˼ֱɱٳ˭Ҳס
г𣺡Ժһȥһˣ
וּһѹ£һ貽âն䣬ֱӽĴնΪ롣
ɱúã
Ϳýе֮ǰνġȰΪˬһնˣʱгһڶԼɱ˶Է㡣
ڴǰһڵӴ˿ȫˣ˶̿û
ģⲻġ
̫ϳϣ
ңǡ
Щԭһưᣬ֮ǰŵҪɱˣһ̣̫ϳϱնɱǱ˶ֺЩ˶죬һ·Ǽ˶ħ㣬ֹסķ

˵ֿס־壬̲סУĳŷȥ
漴ʱ䣬еİȫˣĳߡ
ǰЩˣᡣ
һʮڱٴԳնͬһ˷
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ֯ƬУһһը

Źǣ
Ҳ
ЩһӶһģͲҽһޱȵ
Ȼ첻飬Щɱͽʱ򣬿ɲʲô档
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһĿ졣
תۼѣ˵İӣȫն˸ɾѪȾر


468 ٰ
ѪɫƮ죬ڵر
ϣһ߾߲ʬڵ棬ȥĿģͷƤ顣
̫ϳϣǣӣȫն
һʱ䣬ԵżŵһƬ
Ҳ֪˶ãдЦ
úúãð
ͿôЦ
ѻãΪһȳһյĳֱӹסĲӡ
Сӣģʦʦǿҡȡ
ͿôЦǣƣʱֿȳһѪ
æͿ÷סͿϣ𼤶
ôܲھҪϹͷֱҲԸ⣡
Ϳõ
ţܲˣ
졣
̫ϳ߳ϣҲһӴ߳
̫ϳͷ׷Ѫ˥̫࣬죬ο
ϡ
𾴣Ͼƹʦʦ
̫ϳͷ΢΢ţãðð죬̫ϳӯϾƹĵӣŮϾƹĺգϾƹǱ󣬿˵Ͼƹĺһ죬˷·ǿԼܸˡ
ͺãͺá
˵
ЩǸ⣬ԲӻˣͬǡһܣڱƻĲӣвٵӲкĵӣҪ֪ÿһĵӶϤĶȥһǾ޴ʧ
㣬޹أҲҵȵĴΪϣȴǻסͽ
ҡͷ
һڵҲΧΧм䡣
ʰоְɡ

ͿһҲǷڵĳϣԳȣܣЩȻˡ
ĬĬͷеӽԶ
̫ϳͨɾŰһڵӵϷڣڷڶѣͤ¥˴ƬŵҲ˲١Զͥ¼һսȥĵͽǵ
һУķʱ
ʱ󣬷ϱøɾ࣬ԼĵǽԱںɽһ˵ʬʬĵʬǱµɽУҰȥʳѾʴˣʵϣӶ뽫Щ˵ʬǧУ뽫ЩնͷӶʣ
ܿ죬ɫǳ˸
˳ΪˣƮŵѪζ
ɫڷϣԵ㣬з紵ľҡҷȴԵЩ
վڷں˵һĹǰĹϿһд֣Կӡ¡
ڣᡣ
ʦ֣Ϣʦܻ㳹ױ𡣡

ڣϵõͬŲ࣬ΨһһϾƹɽźϾƹ뿪εĶһ˵ٷڣʱӦϤڣȥȡҩΪ˺ºǫѷкøСһأˣȴˣڰһڵС
վĹǰ䣬ᱮһҲ
һվһҹ
ǿǳ䣬濴Ĺתȥ
ڷڣĿĴưܣ˲٣رȴѪ
ʦ֡
ʦ֡
ʦ֡
еæµ󣬽𾴵Ĵкֻǣ񶼲̫á
Ͼڸոѣ˲ٵӡ
ЩһһͷӦŷɽȥ
졣
һϤ
Զһˣִõְ
Ѱ㣬һȥ
ְ
𣿡
ʵ
ְҡͷǣ϶ڣӦֻò㣬һġ
Ȼ˵ͷ
鷳ϻرͳǣ˵ҳȥһߣպ
˵
ţְ΢ɣҪȥ
ȥ¡

ְͷڿ񷣬գۼʧʾͷµٶȾְ˫Ŀһɣ漴ǿЦŰң뵱ʱǺεΪ̫࣬ԭ̤ԷȴѾվΡ

һĸţΪƬ۷໥ľ벢̫Զ
뿪ںնУúһϣͽǰȥ
ȥԶĵطһݵǳͣͷ޼
Ϊ֮
ĴţΣǻʧһˡ
ڵʧȻǵ̫ϳϿǿͨɾ磬ڶ˭Ƕ֣ȺֻܳҰҰ
ǿɲ
ҿŵһĵʦ˵ˣǵ̫ϳ˵ҪڳͷŹǣǳˣҲѰŪǡ
٣ǿãͽı찡ȺŪ
ԣ
Ӧ
ɽţ໥ţɫưЦ
ʱԶӰ֣һһ˹
Ȼ죬ü
ʲôˣվס
űҰ𣡡
ͣ£㡭
ﬣ
̶ѹһС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǰ˵ͷ­ն£ֱͦͦȥӴ󷢳һ
㡭ɱҰˣ
־ŭ
⼸˲ʶ죬˿ȫγԪת
ޱ飬гһΣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦Ǳնͷ­
ʱأӵڶɷȴǱһɱٵӲҲһսбɱϾƹȥУ̫ϳϣͼ϶ܺãҲԼڵһӣ˹УͬԼļһ㣬ԼļȴƻĲӡ
ų£˻δɽĵӵһưЦƷǷἰ̫ϳϵıƷڲʱȴҪɱˡ
ɽŵͨӶ޼ɵ̽Щ£һӷһΪɱãӦɱˣָοŵˣĵ£˶ŷڱ嵽ȥɱˣԵЩ͡
еɱ⣬ɱȼյ㡣
ųնУϣһһȥ
ǰԼʯɣϣһ·ϣ͵һǻ֡
һĻܿ챻ϵһִ·֣ʱ䣬ִ±¶ɫ
󵨣ǺˣȻҴҰ
ִȵ˳£Ѫеļɽӡ
첻ޱ飬ųϵȥ

ִŭȣһ͵ĳ£ָţץĲӡ


469 
ִ²ʶڶأָһţо˵Ԫӿ
һ似Ϊ˺ӥצǳ¡

ִȣĿпᡣ
û˿ֻ̧֣һն
ۣ
Ѫһִ»ûǱһնΪءֱִ»ץƣֻпвӿѪݵϡ
ɫ䣬ƽȥ
ˣ
ݵϣѪִ£
ɽ£ɽȫˣ
ϣԽԽĵע⵽죬ʱǱɫ
ִ֪ͨ£˴ţɱ˼ɽʦܣɱִ£
̫ϳϸոտͨɾ磬ȴ˸ҴҰ
˭ضǧУ
ٰӺ
һֱĴ֮ףŵ̫ϳϸǿ뵽ͨɲΣڼ˲֪˲˶˷ܲѣ͵һһͨɾǿڿƬˣǱøư񣬾һ죬Ȼ˸ҴʹðڵӸŭ
̫ͷ϶ˣ

ܿ죬ۼʮӣ¿ɭɭȻĶ
ִǰһЩ񣡡
ⲻ
ˣһ֣
˺ȵ
ã
ССӣҲҴҰòͷˣ
ŪҰ֮
һЩĿ
ƿаǳǿᣬԭĴǿµĵӷǳ񣬰̫ϳϿͨɾİӵܵǸǣʱ˴Щĸ⣿Ŀ¶̵ɱ⡣
䣡
ﬣ
Ԫ֮˸⵶ݺᣬ볯ݵϵȥ
ޱ飬ƽ
ֻƽĿ粽ȥûʲôȴûһܻ
⡭
ǻЩֶΣ
Ҫ⣬Сɱִ£Ȼһ㡣
˵
֮󣬸ӿ񱩵Ԫʮվһֶ⣬Ӱâһȥڣȡɵ¡
ֻǣܿϧ˵Ĺȫ˿ա
ܳųǵ㣬һŰȥԡ
ϣʮӶ¶ɫΪ֮ļ¡
е˼
һЦ
ʮ˺һϷ䣬ӥϬ졣
ʦ֣
ˣȺԶݣ¶η֮ɫ
ϷŶʮ꣬һԾӥհ졣ңͬһʱ䣬֮ڶϷ߳ʮڱ˸ɭɭɱ⣬䡣
ʦ½ĺĵӣΪѾﵽʶ죬ˣ
Ȼ
Ұʦǰֵһᣡ
Ц
Ϸ䣬գ۵ǰԶҰ
ۣ
һͷ­ӽϹ£ϷĲʬһϡ
⣿
ʦ֣һ
ôܣ
һĻʮӽԱɫ
Ų䣬ʲôҲûһŶ͵һϣǵٵ֮ϡ֮ǰۼʮӸļ£ŵŵŵĺˣһ˳ȥԶͣɫܲ԰ס
㡭ǺˣҰɱŵӣ
˺ȵɫ
һŵӣʵף졣
û˵ʲôһֱնͷ­
㣡
ǿƵ̬Щӽ¶ŭ֮ɫ
ܿ죬ǿӲ˿ڣ¶ɫȵҲҪ£ֻһ˶ѣ˶࣬һϣһܹɱңִǺܿ͵ˣ
ԣһϣ
ɱ
ɱ
˴𣬻һɱȥ
ʱ䣬ԪӿʮһɱϣΧм䡣
Դˣûκֻƽ̧֣һ
ͨǿ߶ɱЩͨŵӣοܵס
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһգۼ䣬ʮ˱նѪȾر
粽飬һ
Ѫ⽦䣬ڶնʮȫնϣȫ¡
ˣ
ʱԶִ³
ͬʱİӱӰ߳ˡ
ǣ
Ұɱˣ
𣿣
еӶסˣҲŭˣɭȻ
ʲôطĴǿȴȻ˸Ҵɱ˰ʮӣ

ִ¶һĻӽ
һԪȫѹ˹
ִ¶ǿĴʶأǿĴʶأ˿һ֣һʱ䣬ãã𶯣һƬɽѹ£С
û˵ʲôгѪƽն¡
וּһһɫƿն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪĿǿִ뱻ᴩţ౻飬Ĳ
һĻ߳һڵɫô᣿
ǿʶִ£ȻһͱȫնɱǺεս
Щļ£ܿ죬ļ±ŭ
ģҰɱˣ̫ˣ
ӣ
죬֪ͨλϣ
˴С
Զȥ֪ͨϣǾĶ죬ȡ˵һ裬Ҳһŭݣɫ޲ɱһǧһ顣
ƫͷӱ䣬г΢΢һ𣬷ʽϯնܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫⲻϣ˷
תۼ䣬ʮӵѪУ
ʦֵǣһϣɱ
ŵӽе
Ϊŵһǿ߲٣أܴ
ܿ죬ӻӦȫ˹
̫ϳϺͷȥնȺطڵһУ׳ҰҵΪӣﶪóȫն
˴
ҲһŵӣΪʶ죬ִ¶Ҫǿ
ɱ
һӦǰŵӣΪףսǿ
䣡
ݺᣬԪˣâһ
ЩŵӣǴʶڣ˿ʮ˺һ֣໥ϵҲĬǵƵ治СһǿҲöݡ
ɲڣ̧֣һն
ﬣ
ʽ׽ɨƿն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
գۼ䣬ŵӲǱնϣȫ顣
ΪڵӶҪԷʽɨһУ˽
ʽ㡭ǷڵˣôⲻӦã
ŵӾ
һ˲䣬ŵҲǾԶݡ
Щ˲ʶ죬ȴϵʱʩչĽΪڵľѧʽʱ䶼¶ɫԼһ̫ϳϴﵽͨɾ磬Դŷһǰڣ񣬷ȴɱ˰


470 Ѫп
һȺŵӶסˣԼһ̫ϳϺͷһȺȥ˷ڣʱ򣬷ȴȻɱǰ˶û뵽վڵӲٻǰҧһڣ
һն˹ȥ
֮ΪһʶصŵӣӦ㱻һնΪΡ
ģ㾹ˣ
ɱǰˣɽҲȲ㣡
ɱ
һڵӷŭɫǴͳһİΣʮ˶ʶ磬Ϊŵӣ˿һһɱ졣
ʱ䣬Ԫâ⽣ӰܣһֻӬܷɳȥ
ޱ飬̧֣һ
͵һѹ似â̼䱻ն֧飬ǻɢΡ
ٴ̧ͷǼ򵥵һ
ۣ
âҫʮһŵӱնУʱķѣѪɽ
ƽгһɿµħֻҪӶȻѪֻҪնת֮䣬ǰʬҲ֪˶٣ѪˮȾ˴ƬرУʼûһ仰ֻƽĿ粽һʮɱ
ʱǿᲨ֣նգۼ
ϣϣĳϣ
˾
ɫĮʱ˶Ƕʱɫ
죿㣡
һ˳
⻰һҲ¶ɫ
죿⡭ǷǸ죬͵ѧҰˣ
ڵӲ졣
죬ĵӣûмʶȴǶ˵ôһˡ
ɨܣһƬɭȻ⡣ĳϿ粽ӿ£ԪþͬһƬ㣬ƷǳˣҵѰ꣬ڳ֣ȴȻҴɱŵӣѰ·
Ŀɭ̽ĥ̰СԪӿץȥ
㹷õҵҪĶһ㣬Ϊȥĵѩޡ
˺
ĳ϶֣Сûˣ
ȻĳϿǿߣ
ϧˣֱӽɱ
ûĳ˵ֻʱȳѰҪĶ׵ʱ򡣵ʱ볤Ͻǣʮ̣ݺĥ

ĳϳ֣еİӶǳ˶һ
˶죬Ŀɭͬڿһʬ㡣
һĳϵĴֵˣҪһѹ
ۣ
ɫĮȻгӳһֻϱб˳ȥѪˮ
ĳϲҽУ϶ʱֳֵɫ㡭վǿߣȴһ㱻նһֱۡ
ǣ
ôĳϰ
⡭
һڵȫɫǰһС
ǣȻϵİϺҲ𾪣УȥһΣ죬Ǹʱ컹ֻʶΪ񣬲ŹȥѣȻܹ˵ǿˣ
ôܣ
ľ
죡
ĳŭ㱻նһۣʹзŭԣ衣һԪ߶£һڱԻĳնȥ
ģעִ磬ɱ
˵
ĳɫɭȻ֪
ۣ
һֱӴĳϽĻͷ­ն
һĻʱİ˽ǲ
ĳϣô򵥵ıնˣ
ĳϻıȫ׹ڵأĽ
ޱ飬Ѫħгٴ
ﬣ
ʩչʽ׻âն˷
죬սǿᣬȻǵڶʮ̵Ҳüɵͨɵڶʥسɱ񣬰Щ˸Ͳ

ҽصգۼѣʮ˲
ųһʮɱŰȥ
ĴһΪĺıʽ߶ޣһʮɣԴ˲û¶˿ӵĽûаı䣬׼ٵٽطɨ塣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһһڵϧܵס죬һһѪ
ûа仰ޱ飬һǰߡ
̬İʿŭ

һ½ĺĵȣһ̱㱻һâ۵ĵѪС
ɱ󣡡
Ϻŭ
˵һϣ϶ʱֳһص磬ʱ䣬ķռŤһɱ֣ǿľˡ
ΪҰһֻèܴ𣡡
ɱ󻤽̣ͨɾ֮£˭˶
˺
˻䣬ϣɱøӿ¡
̴ˣ
ᣬϲֱɱã
ֱɱ˲ˬ
ֱɱ̫ˣҪݺĥĥУ
ԣ
ɫĶ졣
䣡
ɱƵһϯն졣
û˿ӦֻĮתһ˸һƮܡתۼѣϿգŤĿռƽеɱȫʧԭŵɱ磬Ҳ˲䰵ȥ뵽֮С
ô£ɱΪֹͣˣ
ϱɫ
וּһһĿƮֱӽüĶ
⣬â֯漴ȥ
Ȼɱ󣬵ֻһ׿ʦ̻ȳ̶ȵɱ󣬶һԣʵ̫ˣֻɢһƵһƿأֱӱж˲ɱƣɱ״̬С
ϣ
⣬⡭
ɱɱأ
ǵĻ̴Ϊβתˣ
ʲô
еĲЩ̿
ʱוּһ׻â֣նյЩŤ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮתۼ䣬ʮɥȪһѪ֮С
粽ϣǰ
Уʱʱӳһһնոʮ
죬㡭̫ϳѾﵽͨɾŹģ
һŵɫĺȵ
ɫĮʲôҲû˵£˵ͷ­ն
ӽݺᣬһ
ס֣㵽ʲô
Ĵ˫۳죬̲ס˻𣬿Χһ߾߲ʬͫڼЩǰӰѾնһٶˡ
һһɡ
ȥҷʲôҽձҲʲôûʲôˣŶѡһοڣ̹ǡǰȥ鷳ˣ׿ʦԸ֮һڼɱ֣̣񣬾ɺ³һ㣬Ҫ׵ƽ˵ء
ħһ㣬ֹ飬˵ǰǾһ֣ɱ
ӣ
㲻ú̫ϳϻǱģ

Ͼǰ

һĳɺܿ죬ϵıȫˣǱ־Ϊ̫ˣֺ飬·Ծĵ߳ոһն£۾գһ¡
ס֣סְ
˲ɱͽĿѣҰްǰ
̧ȣһű㽫֮߷˳ȥ
ڣλߣʱɱ㣬һٵһУնˡ
顣


471 һ
Ļ϶ʱɫ䣺㡭Ұ
첻˵ʲô粽г
ﬣ
ŽХ׻âܣһӵͷ­ն¡
ûʲô飬·һƽ£ֻ̧֣ӽ
ô򵥡

ϣǰҡ
Ҫɱǣ
һڵӳ׾ˣӴܣ־
ɫĮƽ粽ÿһض¡
ӣŵˣҲûս⣬ЩֻҪšȻӳһξȴǺԻܣһЩײ˻Ǳĵڳ֮С
ȥ·סˣ
ô£ô
⣬⡭
˿־塣
̧֣һʩչʽʱ׽졣ҪɨҪţȻκһˣڵϰһ̣бǱӡ˽ƣƬռ䣬վǿҲӳȥ
ᣬһǰֻΪո
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
绨һ㣬Ѫˮ䣬Ŀġ
ס֣
ŭ𣬳ǰϧûֱӱһɨɡ
콫ĺзִ磬ֻǽ֮ɣûɱղԣҪĴٵһУնˡ
ŰأһӳʮͷƮ
ҽлصƬռضͷƤ顣ʱЩĵӼǶѾûս⣬û֮ǰưʱ˶ߣȴӲнƣƬռˡ
ŭĿѣס֣ôộ𣡡
̣
ЦǷ̡
̫ϳϺͰһ˱Ϸڣɱٷڵӣıž̲˷ںҲҪĥˣһһӶЦַ̽ڽ£Ʒڵ˶ǷŪáڣˣԷȴ̡
Щԣ˲ɱˣӦã㷴ǲ̡ɱ⽻֯һוּһâƵһ˲ѣƬռԻһƬ𺣣ʮû
飬ųһն
ǰһĵӸ׼ܣ㱻նķѣѪ½
ɫ࣬ŭһδɱ죬ȴǱֱ߷ɡ

ҽкͣ𣬰ڣͤ¥һ飬һ¡

ҪɱңҪɱң
ϣ
һѪĵأɫ䣬һ˼ѵĵħѪпᣬ飬նһſͷ­Щͷ­ϻžֵɫ粽һһߵĲʬűߣһ·ûκ˿Ժ⣬ûһ˿Եһʶ۷ִҲâ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һѪըһ߾ʬ¡
ڣһ·ɱģŰİ־أΪڣǰҪĵطĮһƬԻֱӳǰѹȥ
䣡
һ죬ʱķѣɳ
һ˲ŭ˫ĿһƬ˰ˣΪƬǿţеҲ֪ж꣬û˸ҵҰգ쳹״һУֱӵŵҪ֪ǵİʦֽ£ȴǻ

˻𣬷ŭʮĳɱȥ
쿴һ̧ۣ־һ



ϣһ˲ѣ̫ϳϼĶʮȫ顣
ܣ顣
ˣһ·
˵
䣬֮ڶһʮڱԻı
һĻ˫ĿԲȫסˣĿ¶֮ɫ⵽ʲôģҪ֪һİط޵ҲֻͬʱƿʮڱУ̫ϳϾﵽͨɲΣǿдƣҲƿؾʮ˼жѰڣȻܹͬʱƿһʮڱ
͵ѧǵİطǵƤҲǹһֱҧ㡣

䣬һһʮڱ㳯ܳȥ
ʱ䣬Ѫһ֡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ƭռһӱնɱ˷Ӵܣϧ·ѾƷӡûпӵ·
죡
һѪ˳
ܺãͶˡ
ĵ
ðЩ˸о׶ĵʹ࣬ҪĽ
Ŀ飬һһʮڱϯܣնɱӴܵһˡЩǿף˭ܵס
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըҽһֱʮƬռ䳹װˡ
ȥĵ汻ѪˮȾ죬ʬһ߾ߣһЩĲӡ
Ȼĵڵϣ˫۱鲼Ѫ˿һоѪκһУԹ졣
췴һ⣬ֱӽ֮ɣײڲԶһ̨ͤϡ
оô
Į
죡ţ̫ϳϺͷŹģ㵽ĺǣ̫ϳҲὫ㾾ɱ
˻
ɫĮһŽ߷ɣݺײڲԶһľϡ
ܵݵɱˣãǵ̫ϳϺͷڻţ
ĵ
һʱоˣ˫ĿԲ㡭㡭
ߣһӳ˵ͷ­ն¡
վԭأرѪˮСϪȴ˿Ҳ޷ʱգΪﵽ죬ľϵʵĥµĺǿҲͬڻʳʱǰ㣬ն˾ͻجλþǵ£Ѿȥ
ڵʿΪսˡ
ɨ
ķһʱնһͥѰණһƷͶƷǧöݺ޺˼࣬ҲټҸǷľˡңȡ˰һЩѧ似Ӱһɱ似Ͱ׺似Ƭǳ似ܼߵʿս
ЩѾû˰ãǣڷڶȴǲɻȱԴǱ޺ˣһ似Щһɵķչž޴ôڰѰŶʮöʯ䣬Щ޺˺ͱȫװ뵽ʮʯУֻԺ󽻸
ֹȥʮһء
ǰһն飬ƿеһЩأȡһ飬ӡĸ֡طȡһģǷ֣νİطϼŵ·ߣͿرǰһһģһֲ
ȻǿرĲƪ

Ԫ˸һⱾֱ顣


472 ֪Ϊʲô
ſرƪİط飬Ҷûʣ£һɳ
֣âͻԣնķѣĻҳ
ڿն𣬺ܿʮɸߵĵط
Ӹ߿ȥһƬңѪˮضǣʬһ߾ߣȫһ֮쳯·ĮɨһۣһΣ˲ʧڰϿա

뿪ڲϣߵķ죬߾Ƿɿĵˡ
ûлطڣǳһȥ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱķУǰһɽ
ɽһ¥ǰһ޴ͥмʿͥš

鵭Įһǰȥ
ʲôˣ
ͥ⣬صĵǰüͷѯʡ
ƽûж˵ʲôֻǳǰȥ
ͥʱ˿˿â봳ڲɣ
ֱ£
һ˵
ң˵ֱǰץȥ
̧֣ɨһɽ磬ֱӽɡ
һײڲԶͥϣһҽУûվ
ʱ䣬ȫɫɫԳɭɭ
ǰҶ֣

ŭ԰γ
첽䣬ڳһɰ쫷ϯ
飡
飡
飡
ǰļȫɣԶ
⼸һۣ첽Ӳ䣬ͥȥ
⣬Ϊֻ˰һЩô˸ȥԮûж⼸ɱֻ֣ǽʱʧȥսѡûɱˣǣܻҪ󸶳һЩԼڵⱻ۸
߹ţƽڡ
ܿ죬Ȼ˷
˭
㣬㲻ĵӣ
ôģ
ΪһĴ֮һµӺܶ࣬κһӶʶŵˣⲢЩж첻ӣΪÿһŶԼķα־ϲûӵķα־
춢ڣмλ󼸸ƽվۼڡûܵӣƽмȥ˶˲伤ŭ˸ӣмִ˹
£
һ
ʱ䣬ִУһʶǿ߶֣ʩչǿ似ץ졣
ƫͷ
ӭ񣬶ִֵ¶ʱ͵һͬ㣬ֻоԼһĺ֣ζʱֹס̲ס촽ڶ¡
㡭㡭
ִ·ͻȻоһԼĲϣһƬɭ
ͬһʱ䣬ܣҲɫ
ʱɢһɿֲĺ⣬˶Ϊ֮Ĳ־塣
죬ʿһȫסˡļĵӣսʶǿߣǴ˿̣ӭϱϢ⼸ƽɽĺĵҲǿ־ˣҪǰȴʼŲŲ
ˣȫĺѹƵһҲҶ
ûЩˣԹԵĳǰȥ
ΪѾﵽأһ·Ҳ֪ɱ˶ˣͨɾǿ߶˲УۻɱͺֲʶʿʿԵֵˣͨǿҲɱ֧š
ܿ죬ʮȥ
ž˵⣬ֱǰ
ǰֹסŲгһ
ﬣ
Х̶һΣһĿֱն
Щǿᣬ׻תۼնǰϡ
һ̮նķѡ
⡭⡭
ܣȫˣҪȻնˣ
̮һ̳
ӸĲֽ¶ı顭ղŵһǿ
ͻȻǿϢɢӰ̮³
˭ɵģ
мһȵһŭݡһϮۣΪĸŵĳЩҪ£ͻȻ䣬ȴ̮ˣѹ·ʹŭ˼㣬
ѻȸûһ˵
˭ģư𣿣
ŭ
վߣҲȫɫɨ·
󡭡λϡǿִ¿ڣսսָ죺ǡ
˳˵ķȥɫ࣬ɫһ㲻ˣǺˣ죬ϸӷŭɱʱɢһ˽ڣȻٵ
ˣУһƵ׻𣬷ʽԻ
֪ˣ
Į
϶ʱɫһ䣺ʽǷڵĵӣ
𾪣̫ϳϿͨɲΣɱ˷ڣǲһǰȥԮάԺ󣬸ղţҲ£ȴ룬ʱ򣬷ڵһӾٵ־ŭе˳
ߵߣһΪϣһΪϣǿ󣬴˿̣ϺǶݣ죿죡˵һȥ죬˿
죿
ʧ˴꣬һֱѰҵǸŵӣ죿
ϽԱɫ
ͬһʱ䣬¶ݣʱնŵĵĺ磬ʱжʮĿã´Ҳ֪˷ڵһŵ죬ֻ֮ʧ˴꣬Ӷ֮ˣἰЩٴ
ʱɱŵӣ񻹸ҴɫȫԼһǲȥڵˣɱĶ죺ǧУʵǡ

䵭ֱӴĻ
䣬һ𣬷ʽ𶯣ޱߵ׻ɢɨһƬ׺
Ͼƹʮ
һνֲס
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ϴڿѪͬʱɣӲˤ
һĻһڵӸʧɫ
⡭
ϣϣ⡭
ôܣ
ȫˣͬ޾ǣֻоһƬ
ԼһͷɸƬǿߣȻһͱӲϱ£Ѫ
ѵվ¶ļ֮ɫ˼Ķ죬иֳ𾪺ͺȻ㡭˿ĴŵľͷɸƬ򣬿񣬾Ȼڵһӣһն˲񷣡
춢ˣ׻Ծȱˣ֪Ϊʲôɣ
䵭һĮı


473 ǿƱ
һ̫ˣͻأ䣬ǸоԼĺ·һֻδס˰㣬Щ
ʲô˼

ƫͷгһһɽȻ
һɣѪ
װͿ
ĵ
˶סˣһĿļ¡ŵĸվĴڣݺƬĴǿ֮һڣǰȴĴ
ϺͶҲľ𺳵Ķ죬кȻ˼㣬ǶϣͫʲסĲǰۼ죬ǸʱֻʶΪڣȥ꣬ȴȻ̧նˣһʵôʶΰ
ֻǣȻľȴη塣
Ͼǿߡ
˵ʧٴȻ֪Ϸʲôʵޱ䣬ǣһ˴㻹Щˣ
˵ţԪ𶯣쫷

վ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ𶯳ǿԪǿ
һʱ䣬ǿϢֱ
ϣϣҪһ֣
ֻǷڵһӶѣȻƵøһ֣
⡭
ľ
֮˵ıǱԼһĸλһ֣ǿҲȻᱻѹ
ﬣ
ʱ
ޱ飬̧֣һն
ʽâʮ׻նֱӱǿԪһνɣײڲԶһͥڣͥķѡ
ôܣ
˽г
վĴһ𣬾ȻһαһɣֻǼ򵥵һ
˶죬¶⡣
Զ˳ſѹϵͥƬǱվ
ʱٴζ죬鶼Ǳˣס˸𾪺ͺȻղţѾԪ߶˶㣬ɽȴǱһնɣ˵ս࣬ͻȻһɻֺ̿Ͳ
춢ˣһҲҪǰԪǻˣԵúĮڣ̸̸ȥڵ¡
һ㡭ô֪
ѾΧϷڣһǰӦڷϣô֪£ʧٴٳ֣Ѿȥ˷ڣǣѾȥ˷ڣôܻҪ֪̫ϳѾﵽͨɲΰȥ˷ڣԲٻ߳Ŷԡ
죬˴˿־ɡ
Χ˷ڣȥڣܣȥ˷ڣǾͲٻ߳ûȥô֪ȥ
̲סɻ˵˳
ȥˣˣˣ𣿡
ޱ顣
Ļǳ򵥣Ϣȴͷһ
󣡾ƾ㣬ҲɱΧϷڵˣЦ
Ϻȵ
̫ϳϿǿͨɾһͬУ컹ɱˣ
ƫͷϡ
һһնֱӽϱɣԶ
ʹһһɺ⣬սôôǿ
ߣ
ʱһ
һڿնһ
һϮۣɢϢҲ֪ǿ˶٣֮
̫ϳϣ
еӾ
֣߳еӶ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ʹæһߵĶҲţվ
̫ϳվڲϣ죬ɫԵúĮк⽻֯
ͽ⡭

ֱӴ˵Ļ
һֻһ򵥽âֱӽ̫ϳϴӲն䡣
һ̫ϳڵϣ˵ر
⡭
̫ϳϣ
ôܣ
ɫ䡣
ϣϣҲǺȻԼһ̫ϳϿ۷ǿߣǿ̫̫࣬ڣȴǱһն²񷣬Ǳĵڵ棬˴Ӽһɺ⡣
̫ϳϿѪվʱ򶨴ݺĮֱʧӰ٣һŭӵı飺ģ㾹
ޱ飬һαǳǰֱһƸ¡
žһ̫ϳϸով˲䱻ڵصס
㡭
飡
̧ȣһŽ̫ϳ߷ɣײڲԶһʯϡ
һĻ˽ԺȻ̫ϳϣҲס
̫ϳԶѪվиֳһɾܿ죬һĨʧˣ˷ŭɱ⣬ֱ̧֣ʼӡ
֪ʲôĵҪͼĻɱǶﲻǡ£һâ˸ܡȻ䣬رһԻ͵ı飬âɢ
ҽ̵ɱ󣿣
ɫ
â˸ܹо̵Ĵ󣬾Ȼĥˡ
̫ϳһӡȫЧˣڴ󣿣
ɫĮһ𣬽̶
ڣԺú̸̸ˣ
ĵ
ĮһĮĺ⣬ĸǿ߽һ
㡭ô
̫ϳϵԼĶ֣ɱҲٵ죬̫ϳһƬ
ͬʱһˡ
ǲųǰҷڣŰһδɱڵӣһˡĵ⻹ԶԶҸǻᣬ似;ųɵȫֲʧ
˻һٴαɫ
̫ϳϵˣǴŭ
˵ʲô
Ҫ̫֣
Բܣ
һţ似ĸȴҪǽ似ȫֱƻĸң֮󣬻Ҫôۻľųɵ̣ųɰϴˣ⻰ĸվǿȫŭ˵ġû⡣
ɨˣһɰƻȻɢ
飡
飡
飡
飡
תۼ䣬ȫɣѪ
Ҫˣûںдɭɭ⣬Ŀͬǧ꺮Ĳһʼ˵ڸǻᣬֱӻ󡣡
ˣ飬ţ磬̫ǿµȫͬһʱ䣬ҶݺӣѪɫѷ죬һֿµȫԻʮһ顣
㡭㡭
̫ϳ˸˲¶ֵı飬촽ˡ


474 Ԫ
ʮһԻǵʵ̫ǿˣһ𣬾ͨͨǿҲնܲ˿־壿һ̣һ̫ϳˣһ궼
⣬⡭
ЩЩǡ
ңǡ
ڣеӽޱȾ֣Ϣɪɪ
ڣһЩʵõѾ̱ڵأվ
ֱӻ
ƽ
̫ϳϵ˲ֻöŵͷңǽ
˿ɢϢ̫ˣϹħһ㣬Щ궼սǾԵʵ֮࣬ŵľ޴蹵޿ɿ⡣
һʱȡһ似ɲݺ޺˵ȸʤһأĿ
ǾųԴ
ɨһ۵
ǣ
̫ϳҧ
쵭ĮĶˣʶǿԿԷ˵ѡ
Ҽǵãǿ似̫ûó
˵
⻰һȫɫ
ܸ㣬㡭̫ˣ
̫ϳֱ£̫ⶫǴʦµǿһ·еվ۷壬ƬĹοԽȥһȥˣôƬ򣿽һֱӷ֮£޷֮ա
ĮɱǣһԵõ˵ˣڸǻᡣ
㣡
˽Էŭͣ
Ȼȴûκΰ취죬Ǹûбס̫ĿܣһȡֱնˣȻҲܵס졣գ̫ϳֻȡһ죬Ȼ̫
ɣ˰ɣ˰ɣ
̫ϳҧ
콫̫󣬽ڵϵĿı似
ûзŭʸ£͵øۡ
ޱĵ
̫ϳȭͷɫࡣ
춢ˣһΣĵâʱ϶ľնķѡ󣬳ֶûһʯڣֻ³ɫĽ¶֮⣬һѺԽΪģӿȥ
̫ϳͻأľüȽƣ̫ˣ̫ǿˣ
ԭԶһۣǣˣǺΪ֮
Į
վԭأڿգϿʮɸߡ
ļ²ǿ죬ôᣬҲʮңȴǴﵽĸ߶ȣնУԼһ̫ϳ϶һ֮СУ˶󣬿ʵȴصĲࡣ
Ѿ׼ɿһĻקȭͷ
죬ôᣬΪȴѾôǿˣ
ϣ츩·ɫƽȴҲٸпӽһǰڱ׹Уʱűĺǿ£ɺɨƬӵǧǳصĵ۹Ҳ϶̧֮񣬴Ҵһأһţ֮Ѿֻٵһɡ
·ĬתһԶȥ
ʮʧʾͷ
ֱʱ˲ǳ˿
ߡˡ
૵
ЩһȴǱͣȫסˣɫǳ԰ס
̫ϳŭ𣬴٣ķ޾ۻľųɵ̱ߣĸ̫ûбס֮󣬵ȴĽһƬ޾ĺڰȻȱźãǣܲõȥһ̣һŨŨĻںޣΪʲôԼҪȥǷڣ

һ˻̫ϳϿ¾Ѫʹȥ
̫ϳϣ
˴ʧɫæס̫ϳϣԼȴҲɫѿһںޡ󱣴ţûһɣȴǵģһμΪĻҰ£Ҳǧָܻ֮ǰ״̬
ǧ
ܿûʯڵǱ
˶˶΢΢һעһգǱûʯڣһԵ壬ǣƬһжԸ⣬ʱɻٵ

뿪֮ϣӱƽ
£ˣټС
ʱǰһɽ»صڡ
ڷɽ£ʯ̨ףһٶϡ
ܿ죬ɽۡ
ʦ֣
ʦֺã
ʦֺã
ϣ𾴵ĺк
һһͷǰȥ
ն󣬵ʱ䣬ʱڱø࣬ѾûѪζϵѪҲѾɾٵͤ¥ȴûô޽ãҲúķѴµĹ
죡ˣ
һ
Զְܿǰ
ϡ
е
ڷϣְҲܲһֱǵá
֪һȥ֮ĸɽ̫ϳڵ㡣
ְ˵Щ̾Ϣ
׽ְЩصʵôˣ
ְ죬յ̫ϳϵԪûʣ¶٣ΰɱǰ˵أѪĺǣǡ
£˵ͷ
û¡
˵źɽȥ
ְһ㶣ıӰ΢΢ЩϾƹΨһӣϾƹǱ̫ϳϴʦ̫ϳϣ̫ϳϵŮ飬Ƿһ㣬ˣ̫ϳҲϵĳүүûʲô֪ظ飬̫ϳԪɿݽţ֪ϢȴǱֵôƽ·һҲ⣬÷ǳ֡
վԭأְ˰Σȴʵ벻ֻҡͷһߡ

ְһ·ǰߣԿЩ
·ͷ߹һȻǻǵ
ܿ죬һһɽϣɽԵúľϷһµĵطһӵéݣ±Ե
Ƿ̫ϳϾסĵط
졣
é⣬վ
Сӣˣ
ͿҲ
ʱͿõĸ϶󣬶΢΢һЦЦ֮£ȴǴ֮ȥȻ
ǡ
߹ȥ
ļ򣬵ȥɣʦڵ㡣
ͷŷһéݡ
ڶȴǵһ߽éݣۿȥéںܼ򵥣ȷڵǵס̫ܼ࣬ӣΨһľԵúܿ
ľϣ̫ϳϥţɫ㲣ȴǰ·˥ʮꡣ
̫ϳϡ
ǰ𾴵غ
죬̫ϳ¶Цݣڼ˰飬Ĵأ֣죬


475 ͨɴ
ûгɣ첽˹ȥڴر¡
̫ϳһϮɫĳţ죬ο˶ԣϾƹΨһĵӣҲϵͽԼͽһ֮֮ѣնɱͨɾǿУоܽ˵ڷϣֻʱѣĳɾȴѾԽʦˡ
ȻЩ˼Ͼƹ澳ڣڵܱȡ
̫ϳңϼһľ磬ҿɲ̫Զˣ֮𡣡
˵
֮𣿡
ƺϾƹΪϼһ̫ϳһҲ⣬ʦͽԼĳνΪν֮˵Ǻܲ졣
һߣͿõĸҲǲ⡣
ͿõСӣʦǺǿһǴδɣѾնͨǿߣսʦЩ࣬ҲӦ֮ɣ
˽ǵͷΪô˵
ͨɲΣǸ̫ϳĲʲôżˣ˵ֻǵȳ̶ȶѣսȫҲһͿϼһһָס
˽һͨɲεİ̫ϳϣսȫҲסϾƹһָôܣǿ̹̫ϳϵʵ죬ﺧȻ·һУǵȳ̶ȵսϾƹһָס
ô˵ʦǻСӣѵѾͨɾ۷ˣ
Ϳõۡ
캹գƬҲλֱϼһΪСӡ˰ɡ
ӭżɻ󲻽˶٣ֹͨɣϼһѾ˴򣬴澳ΣϹʱ񶼼ɵη塣⼸ˣһϾƹʦһϾƹʦܣϼһڷڵĳԣ룬ҲͲû⼸ˣʵ档
ʲô
˸˫ĿԲ
Ϳõۣ˵ЩˣСӣ㣬㣬ȷǻǣǼˣϾƹʣ֪ϾƹžޣǴ˿̴ϾƹΪȴ𾪺ͺˣΰ
쵱Ȼƭλ

⻰۾ɵøԲ
֮ͨɺ죬졭촽ЩˣʦʦͨɺʹȻﵽ澳
澳ǿǴ˵еĴڰ
Сӣûƭǣ
Ϳ׷ʡ
ңҲڣʵǱĻסˣͺȻ
ûƭǣȷʵΪ档
ε
Ϳõһ㶣ȫЦѡ
棡棡棡ǷڣȻ˸˵еǿߣ
ڼܡ
˵ı飬ֻЦЦЩ˵飬Ϊڵ֪ϾƹʵһҲˣоþƽ
ððð̫ϳϲݺ᣺Ĺգͨɣ棬ҷˡȡ̫ϳϼпȳѪԵЩ㲵ݶʱøӲ԰ףѪ
ʦ
ϣ
Ϳõ˶ʱɫ
̫ϳϰ֣޷⡣ѪˮȾһЩ̫ϳȴǴЦ죬ʦ뿪ڣһֱǺӺһظ飬Ϊµ·񣬿ɿˣеĻҪǧٱ
̫ϳϱ룬ϼһûйֹңҲûʲô

֪£ŮȥΪ̫ϳԹϾƹҲ֮顣
̫ϳҡͷ죬Цҵʱʣˣ໹а¿ɻ̫ϳϺͰɱΪ˱ӻͽ˵ĺأѪĵĺأѾˣϣܼ̳зڵ֮λ
һ㶣̳֮λ
ҡͷ˵ϣֵ绪ֵλá
죬ƴǣλԭʦֵģʦΨһĵӣҲǷʵǿˣ֮λ˳
ͿúǳҲǵͷȷʵѾ̳з֮λ£ûһȫȻ
죬ĵĽܣǼϼһúø㡣
ܰɡ
룬ʦӦҲϣ̳зλá
ϵ
Ϳ󿪿ڣ̫ϳϣСӣ͵̫ϳԸɡ̫ϳԪʮվͻЩȻЩˡ
һЦֻҡҡͷԶǷڵӣ˲ţҲţҲ̳֮λǰ˵ţٴοڣ̫ϳϣµģٻ꣬ǧꡣ
䣬һһöУ֬㾧Ө͸
ⱦ߸СףʼһֱɢŨķ㣬é˶Ǿһֻоë׶˿
Сӣʲô
Ϳõһ
ȡı̫ŨˣŨһ˵ĸ߶ȡ
絤ꡣ
ʲô
˵е
塭Ԫ
ʱ䣬˽Աɫ
ԪıЩȻ˵ȴ룬˿ۿˡ
죬Ȼȡȴ˵е䣡
Ц̫ϳϣ絤ݹȥϣٻꡣ
ڵڶҩһչصãһȡö
⡭̫ϳһҡͷ̫ˣⶫϹͷ˷ˣúӣԼţԺӦõϡıȻǴǿҲۺ죬Ԫ̫ˣ
ҡͷϣ벻Ҫƴǡ̫ϳϾƹʦֽϾƹϾƹΪϾƹĵӣΪϾƹȣ̫ϳϵҲάȸ飬Ԫȡ
棬֣ء
ϣͲҪƴˣ°ɡ
Ϳ˵
ȭͷЩʦ⣬ͽܰɡ
̫ϳڷڿνǵ¸أʵǿΪºͣȻ֪ȡ絤ֵȴʵڲϣ̫ϳ
ϣ벻Ҫƴǣ
ֿڡ
գļ£̫ϳֻõͷΡΡĽӹСķ¡
ʼһڣ̫ϳϱһԭ㲵ݾһ˵ٶȿʼúͬʱԸо̫ϳϵѪһڣʱƣ̫ϳͷİ׷ǽ󣬱ں
վһߣԾȣ絤Чˣ
ֻһ˲ѣо̫ϳϵѪȷǿٰٱ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
һʱ̫ϳеâ֯ϻ۵ƾʧһͷ׷ںڣ˫иտտâ˸ﻹϳĺĸо
о»صʱоܣĹ⡭
̫ϳľ
˸ۣһμЧ
ܿ죬һ˷ΪԼŵ̫ϳϲˡ
̫ˣ̫ˣ

ЦҲǸˡ
ˣ
ʱ¡һһпϯ
춯ݣ񷣺٣


476 Ÿ
é֮ڣ˶ܸо𶯣һɿµϢѹ¡
Ƿ̫ϳϣɫΪ֮䣬һɿµϢ֮סˡ
ϣͨɾˣ
ʵ
̫ϳ΢㶣Ӽʱһƺվˣ
ԣ˽Ծȡ
վҲ˵
ϣﵽͨɲˣ
Ϳõ˵ۡ
̫ϳϵͷȷʵǡ
ʱͿõ˸ϲ
ڣһͨɾǿߣ
ˣ
ʱϴڶ̶ܴ֮
˾죬ʹ÷˸оЩ
ǣϽ뿪쿪ڣ̫ϳɫ̫ϳҲ뿪ȥɽɽ٣ѹ¡̫ϳϱѾ۷壬絤Ԫ£ΪƿҲ˲䱻ƣͨɾ磬˿µͨɴ١
ѣӡ
٣йţʿͨɾʱ٣⡭ȻĴڣ
һ
ȷʵڣͷЩϽ뿪ط
֣أȻǲҳɣ첽뿪Сéݡ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ϳҲһ˳
ˣ
һףޱȴ̶ͬһµı꽫Ҫ١
Ųϣɫ
ǣ
ȥطΪģһƬڣѹѹƲһйƼ佻֯һͷͷڷ
٣
ͿĲϵʵֲ̫ˣǿ˿ֻоˡ
ǣʱ򣬷ڣеӶһĻļ¡
⡭
ƣϢ
ɣ£ʲô
˽Ĳ
ϣƹͬ󷭹ɲϢһһѹ¡
֮£̫ϳϸоԣ亹
ϣȥɽɽ١

ٺܿ£̫ϳطɽ٣ھԻѡ
̫ϳȻ˼ֱڿն𣬺ܿͿڡ
ŷ̫ϳ뿪ϣҲʼƶԶ˷ڵķΧ
һ̣̫ϳѾǳɽϿա
¡¡
ٹ⽻֯һϸС䡣
˶ǸǼ˿ȴЩ죬죬̫ϳϲ°ɣԶԶȥϺһƬ·һ޴к̫ϳͷǵϢʵļ¡
£û⡣

ڿվʱɹһ٣˿̶ǰ̫ϳϵͨɴ٣ǱȹվٻҪһߣв硣ٶ̫ϳ϶ԺΣգǶڵԣȴǲʲô״
ϵͨ٣Ϊʲôվʱɵٻɻ󣬲һ̣һĨâѵΪֻĹϵ˶ڿͨɾʱŻ٣ȴվ£һͨͨɴٿ£֪ԼʺףӦΪֻԵʡ
ʲôʣ

߱ʣɳǰСˣңƺչˣ
䣡
˼
ɽУ̫ϳ٣һδα²񷣬ܴءΪ絤Ĺϵ̫ϳѪޱȻ񣬱ͨɾ˶һЩɽٵƣܿǿǰ˵ס
ˣ
ھŵѹ£һͷŭ
˿ֲĲʱ侪˽Աɫ
ϣһڵӣЩ˶ڶɽеģһͨҲѾ֪Լһ̫ϳڶͨɴ٣Ǻֻܼʱ򣬵ͷʱ˽Բ¶֮ɫ
䣡
һһѹ£񱩣ֱӽ̫ϳա
ѪƮڿУ̫ϳϴϢЩվˡ
٣̫£
䣡
ھŵûͣͣƺƵѹ¡
ʦ
ϣ
̫ϳϣ
˽Աɫ
ȥٻ̫ڿֲˣҪѹȥܻһа
Ϳü˶һۣһҧҪȥ̫ϳϵ٣ʱԱһƿ֮һ̣Զһ޳Ӱ
Ȼ졣
죡
Сģ
˴󺰡
֪ǿЩȴǺܵģϾǵʵЩ¡
¡
ѹ£𶯣ֲ㡣
һٻ£մ飬һѡ
ӭףԵúƽֱһȭնϡ
һȭͷٻײһ𣬷һ졣һ̣ɲķ飬âգʧӰ١
⡭
һȭ
С̬
Ϳõ˵ۡ
ţһ˿оĿ£ԿɵˣڣǸ򣬾Ȼֿȭ˸顣

ϣƮ
̫ϳԡ֮УɽʱƺܿȬɢǿĲһ̣ڵԪ׻Ͽͨɾڿնϣһ˰ĵ̣ȴԵЩΡΡĵ죬ллΪʿܹߵĲΣ̫ϳǺܸˣѾվ̫ˣ첻ΪԪһɹ٣ܲͨɾˣ
ϣˡ
ҡͷ
һգ˺ܼ֮ŵ̫ϳϿͨɲΣһϲѶӶƻ˵¥ͤԭѾۣȴͻȻڶ¥ͤٶȾǱøӿЩ

ڡ
̫ˣ̫ˣ̫ˣ
СӣҷڵĸǣĹ
һ磬һ죬ʦͽǡεºܣҷڰ
Цͣ
̫ϳԭԪɿݽҪȥΪĹϵûػԪһͨɾͨɾɸƬˣңͨɾǿٿɻǧҲ˵ڿƬ޵ǧꡣ
ǣˣֻ˸¡
Ц
˵ţйâһʮöʯ䡣
Щʯݸ̫ϳϣ̫ϳϣһЩԴδǣǿԹͽӣǷڱøǿǿʢ
̫ϳ΢оɣӹȥʶһ̽ʱɫ䡣
ϣôˣ
Ϳʵ
Ҳ˹ȥЩ档
Լ
̫ϳһʮʯеĶȫ˳
ʱ䣬ѳһСɽ
似ɲݣ޺ˣңЩĲ
޺˱ٵйˣҡ⣬⣬Ӱһɱ似似ǰľѧСͿ˫ĿԲһϣ̫⡭ⲻǿ似𣿣


477 ֪
˶סˣŶڷϵıһɴ˫ۡЩ̫ˣȷںĵԴҪ࣬ǣоȻа似ѧ̫
似ƬĹ֮һ
㡭Ǵã
ȡ
似ĶȻõŵ似ѧ
һЦ˵ϷڣǾùⲻȥЩıǸ⡣
ȡųԴ似ѧȫ˳似ۻԴȻҲУΨаطٵˣûн֮ڡΪǿرĲƪرڱ̫ǿǳһ㣬ųǳԽͨͨΨһһ似ǸϲĶڲҽ֮ڣΪڱڴʲô鷳
֮ЩſԷʹá
˵
˵ۣǲ˼顣
̫ˣ
ܿģ־Ȼ˾ϲȻ˵˿Էʹã˱Ͳʲôˣǰٷ֮졣ӵĶǿ˷ܵĲѣǣڶʱǿ屶
һŶԣ޺ΪһЩṩԴҪɹƽյһЩʣ԰ӸõУõǸõս似ѧ̶ܼȵսһŶԣЩʵ̫Ҫˡ
úúã
Ǽ
Ƿ̤ͨɾķ̫ϳҲǸ˵΢΢
һգܿ쵽䡣
ʱ֣̫ϳϵ˸˳һϤط
úһƬ߽һľݡ
ڷʱסĵطʱأ澹ȻܸɾûմȾһ˿ɳȻÿնطɨ
һůܹ󵽣һжڰš
뷿ڣڴϥ£תļԪ
ˣ
â֯յ΢΢Щ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱ˫ۣϢøȶ;⣬ʯȡڱֱǵܣеУΪ׼
һתһ΢ʼ׼ɵϿӡ硣
ˣ
âŨһӡӡ׼ɵϡ
ﵽ׿ʦ֮Կӡеˣ޷ܿӡĳ̶޶ѣͺñɱǰ㣬Կӡȴֻܿӡһתһ׼ɵϿӡһơơ
Ʊӡڱ֮ϲЧԼܡ׿ʦƣһĻŸײβãҪӡƣȴҲǺܼ򵥡
ܿ죬һʱȥ
һʱ׼ɵϽһӡϣעһ˿Ԫʱ䣬һĵɢ֮ǰǿһࡣ
ܺãǶ׼ˡ

ͣЪȡ׼ɽʼ⽣Ͽӡµơ

ϣǳ˸ȥ
µһ죬١
һգ첻ţڿӡƣҲĥ
Ҳһգ⣬ɢ޾ë˵Ļ档
󣬾˵Ϣڶ𶯡ˣ
Ǹǿţˣ
ܣ
ǣԲܣʵ̫ˣҿ˵ŵ̫ϳϸողſ뵽ͨɲΣɸƬ磬˭˰
˲š
ǣѨ磬
Ǽðͨǿߵԣҥɡ
˵ͨɣͨǿˣ޵Ƭ磬˭ҹҥ
⣬Ҳе
ȥɡ
˾֡
ƬɢȻǿȴռ߳ңǳࡣںĵʹ£ɢ޶ŰȥȻ󣬵Ⱥʱһȫëը亹ֱЩֱܵһŻ
ǰ𾪵ԸӵĵزصʬѪȾ˷ԲǧɵأҲ֪˶ˣѪͷ­ͬһϰ㣬ɢҵڵϣǰǹɾֵ飬һ㡣
⣬⣬⡭
̫̫ˣ˭ģ
áọ̀
̲ס¡
ȥȫһĳҪ˾㤡
ܿ죬Ϣ𣬴Ƭ䡣
Ĵŵһİˣ¥飬ӲһƬ
Ĵ֮һһȻ֪ܿϢ˽Ǿһ̫ϳϣϣϢ󣬸뵽˵Ļȥˣˣˡ
ɱ˳Ϸڵˣɱ˰ﵽͨɾ̫ϳϣ
־塣
ֱڲű֣ڼ䣬Ͱ̫ϳû˿Ӧ촳ʱ˵Ļֻһ˲֪ˣǻУ̫ϳϵˣҲضȫǱնɱ죬ɱ˰̫ϳϵ˺󣬼̶ȥ˰
뵽һִļȫ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣٵҲ뵽һЩ̿֡
ԣһ죬Ǽϴ˺һ̿գ˶־岻һ󣬽׻
Ĺȡ
ˣƬ˭
һü
ˣĹȵĹ
ڰ˲ϲŰȴ𾪡
в壬ǵʲôˡ
ԱߣһŮ˵
Ůȥʮ꣬ϵϢȴǺܿ飬ԱߣΪʶ졣
䣬Ϊһ˵ƾ콾
Ѿͷ֪ΪСӶ԰дɼô
ȡЦ
ʦ
Ů졣
ЦЦݸ治֪СȥѾ겻ټˡ
Ůͷ֪ʲôҲû˵ʲô

ڡ
ϣͤ¥ݺ˲٣һ̣˶Ǵˡ
ˣ
֣ʦһɱ˰ֻϹ󣬺뿪żա
⣬ôһ¡
ڲٵӲ
ǼĲ
һ̣зڵӶµ˭Ϊһ˷ܵѡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣ˵õϢȫ𺳡
֮ǰȡԴа˰ȴطоѧʱ˻ɻ󣬿ڣȫˡ
һ뿪ǡȥ
Ĳ
Ĵ֮һôãȻһʮˣ
Ϣͨɾķ̫ϳ϶ƽþ˵
СһøɴѪֶΣ
ͿþúЩɬ


478 Ĺ
໥ŶԷ𺳣漴ǿЦп
úӣðð
̫ϳ̾
һŭ꣬Ƿڵĵӣ

һգֹܿȥһʱ
Ѿʱ֣Լľ߳һ·ȥ
;Ųٷڵæµ󣬱ǰЩӸӵ𾴡
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
ʦ֣
Ⱥкϴżдų羴
첻֪ʲôȴһһ˵ͷӦ
ܿ죬

µš
죿һڷ֨ѽһ򿪣
ԿţϴЦ⡣
ôˣͦ֡
档
ڻͿõȳϣ̫ϳҲԺ󣬶ɵЦ
Сӣİɣ
Ϳúֱӡ
΢΢һ㶣漴Ϊʱеӿŵı鶼ôкͳݣҲ˷˵ɫΪЩŹ֣ԭ
˵ͷ˵һٵġ
¼ȻѾǲ
̫ϳϵ˽ԵͷȻǲ²һģһȻҲҪķѾȥ£һ뵽
˵Ǳߡ
޳ʵ
⻰˶졣֮ǰȡԴ似пǰǿ似Űǲ뵽
ٵȥ󣬲ûɱˣֻǻٵ似ĸۻľųԴ

˵ļ򵥣ȴķ˸ǿȻˣң似ĸߣôۻԴȡ˾ųɣֱϴٰϴ٣һдˬ
ʹ죡ʹ죡Ⱥ˵
ͿôЦôǱ˽ѾԺӻжôң似ĸߣųԴʧȥ٣ֱǻҰ˼䰡Ķˡ
ɵƯ
ȵ϶̲סڣ˵ôһ仰
̫ϳ죬ֻĵͷǴЦ⡣
ǰ̫ϳϣжš
Ŷʲô
̫ϳϺ档
һΣһλεıУɭɢ
ӭ˽һֻоͷͻأһ⡣
ǣ
һ
׼ıӡƣԿ׼ʥ֮£ûκα֮⣬κն顣
ķһսƿڱϣڣΪڵıȻֻһ׼һ˵ˡ
̫ϳϽӹһʱ䣬˻һɷĵ㽫ֱӸ飬ķ˼
õ̫ϳǾâ漴̫ϳ죬ӣ⵶ܺãԼáΪˣ̫ϳź󱲡
̫ϳϲ⣬׼ӻС

ô˵̫ϳϲŽڷΪɱ
Ϳúݺļ򣺡Сӣ̫ˣ
һ׼ʵǿ¡
Ӧõġ
Ц
СӣûöҪó
ͿôȤ
С
ͷ
⻰һͿöʱЩ⣺滹Уԭ˵˵Ȥȴ쾹Ǹ˿϶ĻشЩ졣ǽ׼óˣʱȴ˵У⡭ѵб׼˵Ķ
еģֻҪķһЩʱ䡣
Ц
ţ
̫ϳ϶Щ⡣
ȥ档

˸߳󣬱Ͷݣɫ
ֻ쾹ŷڿӡƣЩƺܷ£֮ûһܹöȻȻǿȴܹоһɼ˿ֲɱڽ֯ÿӡһƣɱͻø¼֡
ˣʱһһĹȥ
תۼ䣬ǵյ峿
ķʱ䣬ʱ򣬵䣬ͣԵЩƣ
ˡ
ŷ̫ϳϵ˵
յʱ䣬ܹϢΣһڷϿӡɱ
УǷȼŴͨҲΧۡ
ʦ֣ǡӡɱ𣿡
е
ĹУЩΧ۵ĵӣǸо˿ֲɱ
ǵɱƿ죬ƿء
̫ϳϵӭǰжоâ˸
ɱ󣿡
ʵ
ͷɱ󣬿ɱͨǿߣɵˡ
ǿʦһıռɱ󣬼֮ɣ
̫ϳϽһסˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һЩڵĵǸӲɳ
ɱͨǿߣɵˣ
Ϳظ仰һ󾪺
⡭׼мֵ
Цʶ΢ӡ̫ϳϣĸϡ
ãð

ͿãҲһˣ˷Ī
̫ϳϿͨɾٿٻһǧ꣬ж׼ţµɱ󻤽̣ڼֱǻһıݣһУȫǰͣͿõʵڲ֪ö˵Щʲôˣֻʣ˼
ʱ䣬ĺܿ졣
ú󣬲ϣѾǸ߸߹ȵƬء
Ų񷣬΢΢˫ۣ
һգ̫ϳϵ˸ڿնֱӴӷ
£ˣҪȥĹȡ

ڲϣϵķ죬Ҳ԰ڶ
ٶȺܿ죬ߵľҲǷɿˡ
ʱٶȽӿ¡
ȥǰһƬµĹȵأԼԿȵһ¥ͤһֺׯϵĸоȴִ˿˿ϢԵʡ
ˡ
ǰĹȡ
粽ǰ
ʲôˣ
Ĺ⣬мŮأ˳Ĺ̳Ѱʡ
ֹסŲ˵Ƿ漣
׼ݣԶһŮ߹漣ͼĹϵܺãֱſں
׼ȥͻȻ˽Լѭ
ʱ漶ʱ¶ݣ֡ʦ֣
˵ţ漿첽Ƭ˹
ʦ֣ڳˣ㶼ȥˣСʦöˡ
͵
ȥһط
Ц
漵ͷûжʣֱָĹڣЦʦ֣ͲˣȥСʦðɡ
漿֪Լһɫ콾ŮӵĹϵʱ꣬ͻȻĹ⣬Ҳ֪Ϊʱ򵢸졣
л
Ц
漵ͷ󲽳Ĺȥ


479 Ͻػս
߽ĹȣȽϺãܿˣͼϵŮʷɣزʷɵΪǿ˲٣ȥĹһƬأȥʢһλһͥԵúܹӡ
СʦʱһֱŹа䣬Ӧúܿͳˡ
ʷ˵
ͷʷɵл
˴ʱصλûһξ룬ŵеĹͼ֮꣬ʷС˵˼䣬Ц뿪ط
еͥԵЩºͣһߵһʯ
ϣңʱƱ͡
תۣһʱȥ
֨ѽ
ķһ죬¥򿪡
С꣬оô
ţʱ䣬Ӧþܿվˡ
ܲҵǿ̫ˡ
һ˺һŮӸ¥߳еСľ
һϮŮһϮ£ʶܲһ㣬ǰŮᣬȴǴһֿϢǾϵӵڷ㡣ˣһĹȵĹ˫һĹΪǿ޵ŵӣꡣ
Цֱ߳أվǰȥǰСꡣ
˫һҲǱɫܿ죬˵ɫٴζݡ
㣡
죡
˫죬ǿ첽˹ǻϲı顣
궼ȥˣ
ʵ֮ϾƹԵٹĹȣ߼ȥһطҪķѺܳһʱܻǣȥϾƹȴǲû͸¶ǣ⡣
ϼһȥһط
Цŵ
֪ʣȥ
С
ݸ£֮ٸ㡣
ô֪ܲ
Աһ
˫ЩϷŰĶ죬ȴίʵЩȣҪ֪վʿĹȵˣǷţڳǰȴȫûвϢҴ˿̣ϸϸ۲죬ͬһںڶԿӡ
˫Щ˼ûе£ǰ롣ʶʱĹʩչرǸʱΪİȫ˫طڣܸмҪ֪ʱֻǸͨˣ˫ȴһŵˣ˸߹ݣȴطڣܲøжж
ˣѵûСúģ˼ҾͲ׽ˡ
˫
ǰﻰֵ绪˼֣һҲմߡ
Ц
˫Ц⻰ϲ¼䣬ûĸŮӲϲ˳ԼƯ˫ȻһŵˣվˣֻҪˣףˣ˵ˣϴһСĴתɣﶼȥ
˵꣬˫ܿ뿪ˡ
߰ɣҴתܶ㡣

ѾתһΣҶҲϤġ
Ц
ĹڵĻܺãﻨ㣬ɲݱأһַǳĸо
˲ڹڣܿĹŮӵĹע
ǼСʦãԱˡϤ
ǸˣǰĹȵġ
ǣˣǷڵĵӣ졣
Ůӳָָ㣬ߴߴ
ΧŸɢ

һΧܵŮǶʱɢ˾ŵС㡣
漷˷ۣͼЦŵͷҲ˿ȥ
Ĺڣز鵹Ǹ׽Щ췢֣Ѿﵽʶ죬ܿܿղˡ
Щӣô
ʵ
ͦõģÿһ춼ܰȸʱöˡ

Ǿͺá
ͷ
أУô

죬ˣղ£˸ˡ
˵ͷ
һҲ⣿
Щ档
ЦЦʲôɺģġ
ͼĹתã߹طֱϦ²ͣ
ˣЩӣûлȥʳǣ
ʼꡣ
ûС˵Ѿþˣ֪үүڼô֪ĺòá
˵ӦÿԷģ׻ΪۣչϽ㲻ߣϽȫһˣӦżЩµİɡ
ͷСȥүү
һ뷨ʦ˵һ£ճر׹ȥ
Ц
һ㣬뿪׹£ȥ˵ڶ꣬Ѿ뿪̫ˡڷǣϦչţˣҪͼһ
ð
ͷ
˫˵£˫ӦʣҪСġ
һҹǳ㣬ԡ
һҹܿȥ
ʱ˫Խͼ͵Ĺ⣬Ϊ˱˾ѵ
죬Сꡣ
˫
ģڣƬû˵

ɨƬ򲻻κѶȡ
ͦ
˫
첻˼ЦЦûе£ǰͱˡ
˺˫𣬼ԦƥȥܿͳȥԶ
Сһô͸ˡ
˫üıӰκҡҡͷתڡ

ĹȾ뱱׻ʳǾԶȻվǿնУҲúķʮʱ䣬ͼУȻ˫ѡľҲһ²Ŵﵽʳ⡣ȻڼÿնϢһʱ䣬ϾȻһǿܶ౶Ҳͣһ£ᱻ
׻ʳǺǾ޴󣬳ǽʣɭϣһߴ
ֻˡ
һء
˶Щп
ǣ˽Уܿ˳˵ע⣬Ȼһ۹ĲƥҲ죬Ǽ꣬Ϊʵ̫Ưˡ
ôĺҶҶˡ

ҿ
͵Ц
׹Ϊһ۹ʳƽռвӢż޶ˣܿǰ׼ڨЩ˼ǶʮͷҪôǼҾΪɫĺ̴үҪôʵǳǿţǺܲһ㣬ԣܿԱһа飬ȴһҲ⣬ͲС
ֻǣЩ˻ͱĵĮĿŵһ飬
ˣǣǸ죡
ͻȻ˽г
⻰һʱһƬ˽ɫ䡣
죿ǵٵʳǸ죿
桭
⣬û
ɲǼѣطֱһɾ
޵̳е֮λ󣬿ѺϽһ˽ٳ󴳻ʹʳǵ彯ҶμҺңν׻ʳǣ˲֪˲ʱȻȥһ꣬ٳ֣˼
ǡ
ϽŮ꣬С㣿
񣬺ȷʵǰ
ϳ󣬺ܿ죬ϳ˼ꡣ
֮ߵȺȫɴ˫ۡ죬꣬ɶǵﱱ׻ʳǵ콾죬ڱ׻ʳǿν׹һǰ·ѱʳǣˡ
֮ǰ׼ȥڨļ꣬ʱһͷ亹Լ˸ղʲôֱ
ͼûܵˣԹѭһȥ
ԼһʱһϵĸۡǰǴ󽫾
ǰʿأ˿ʱǰͼòʱ˽Ǵ󾪣æд
ǰѣڱʿȫɱԶɽҲ򵽻ʹն޵ȱ׻ңһٴθı䣬׻ԶɽǸΪһ󽫾µıʿȡ
ʿǸʱʱͼ껹ǰţȻϵá
֣˽ͼǣȥ
þûˡ
һػؼţЩˡ
ȥɣȥϽ
Ц
׵үүֱһ֮ãٻ飬Ȼܹ⡣
˲뽫ܿ죬ڵһ˽ӭ˳˷ǳ𾴡
ʼϽʱϹȴɫЩ̫ÿ
Ͻսȥˣƺܡ⡣
ϹɫȻ


480 ǰ߾
üԶɽӽʮ䣬Ѿȥ˴󽫾һְôȥսսƻ⣿Ҫ֪Զɽһսܱ߸۹дδйܼսսô⣿
ԵЩţ졣
û¡찲ο֪굣ļԶɽİΣȥʹʡ
£ż߳ܿʹǰ
ˣֹ
ʹǰصĵ۹ʿǰȵ
졣ûһϻͨȥ˵Ҫ塣Ϊʵֱս뱱׻ʹս뱱׻ʹͶٻ𼰻棬񣬱׻嵱ۣѣǵÿһ¡
󵨣ֱ䣡㡭صıʿŭǺܿ죬ƺ뵽ʲôʿɫٱ䣺㡭죿쵱ʹնʩѹңƾΪۣػʹ˼֪
ȥͨ

ʿһηѣͷǣ̳Żʹ֮ȥ
ʱʱüͷϹܼսֺԵЩϾΨһ׿սϡ
ģϽսΪҲ⡣
찲ο
ÿüͷ滺˲١
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱʹڴٵĽŲһһϮϽ۵Ǳ׹ĵ壬ԶԶĿ죬־ϲ죬㣬ˣ
һǰȥУ֪ŷأǼʿ̷ͨ£ӭ˳⼸Ӱе۹ĳҲ佫󣬶дɫ𾴡
꣬С㡣Ϊ׹ƽսӴ֮Ĵ£ʹ˺ܶ࣬һٴμͼ꣬Եúܸ˺ܼȴҲβеĽǣոԵЩ㲡
壬ôˣѪôá
üΪǿʶǷǳˣһ۾ܿһ˵ľ״˿̲㲣дһЩѪ˿Ѫ˲٣·ʮ²˯Ϣһ㡣
Ц죬˵
Աߣһ佫ڣִˣ޵۹ҹѾʮǳʧأЩӣʵǡ˵佫̾ϢиǴŭ
׽佫еŭʵ˵˵ô¡
ǣִˡ佫ִӦ֪Ǳ׹и޵۹ҹһֱǵжԹϵսڲټ䣬Ͻʱ޵۹ұ׹ѹһʮսϽ޵۹Ѿǲٷұ׹һֱǺʵ
ǣǰһʱ䣬޹ͻȻֿʼҹҲ֪ôģһսǿ̫̫࣬ԭҹսҲǿһ޹ȴǱòһ̶ĸʱ䲻ʮǳʧءⲻؼģؼǡ˵佫קȭͷʵŭӿ촽ˣǡǾȻǣʮǳصİգȫɱˣ
ʮǣ
ü
սһһĳǳǳе£ڹ³ǳغһ˵ռǳصĵ۹ᰲаգȶĺ·ְسǳأϾռǳΪͳθ཮аղûκʵԵĺôң̫˵ǴӰˣͨǡ
սʷϣ£ԹҲôҶΪĳֽⲻޣӶǣѰգʷ¼ָĹ޹±׹ʮǳأȴʮǣ»δ
̣ܲ
˵ԣ
һԱߵļ꣬壬˵ãΪϽս¶޹£Χʵһ۹Ҷ׾ٵ£ֹⳡսҺͳԷˮûж𣬶ʵ˵޹ЩʮǣǣѰգʵ̫ˡ
һϲܿ죬ɫȻ
εսºѰ졭ѾмʶĻҿȥͱ׵ԺļǿĳҲˡЦ֪ǿ󣬶Уһεʵں鷳ʮǰϽ˽º󣬷ҪսҷǣǡϽҵȰ
ϽһΪΪ׹գʱǺܾһ֪ģȰסͷ޵λʱԶɽ֮ν֣ǸʱʼԶɽʱ⵹ʮ꣬᲻汱׻ЧʱԶɽԳĬκ󣬸˼ᶨĿ϶Ļش𣬴𰸱Ϊ˰ա޹ɱ׹ʮǳصİգؼԶɽǷŭ˼㣬ŭս
˵ȥʶǿߣȷʵЩ鷳ͨ۹սȥʶǿߣȷʵͬһ㣬˵Ǵ鷳һ㲻ΪҪ֪ͨ۹ԣʶǿǿǸ߸ϵĴڣ޹ս˼ȳ̶ȵǿߣҲѹΪ˳㲡ϣ˵ϣѾ˽ˣԺҺͼȥ߾սһˡ
Ц죬֪ǿĺΣաİ쵱ѣҪΪΧܸˣȴҲͼҲڱ߾ϲ⣺ھţΣҲҪڽϽ˵ϽһΪΪ׹Ѿ̫ˣӦϽúðꡣˣˣǼһΪгɣҲȥ˱߾ս
쵱뿪׹֮ǰ似͵ҩ֮ͬԤϵǰ㣬ƾЩ似͵ҩ˳ļ̳һ峤λãҳתڶ˲ǿʿ
Ϊ׵ܵܣ뿪ʱĲپƾһЩݵҩԴȱԣΪȻܿ졣Ϊ֪ԶɽǼүүϵܣڼԶɽϸս˱ټеһЩ֣׷żԶɽȥˣҪ커δүӡ
һǡ
ȻʳУȴ⣬õѣһһ׷ƨɺ棬õû˵һΪνİδүӶ׷żԶɽϸսǾúЦǾøж
ȥ߾սҸҴ·ɡ

ü죬ĺΣգҲˣ̡
廹˵ʲôȴǱϣġǰһЦļ򣬵Һͼ겻µģȥ߾ܿʹϽǼһȻҲὫսһ˽ᣬ׼ýӷϯͺˡ
⡭ԥղƳ٣ȴǵǣҺһȥ
һ֮ôսˣ
Ц
⻰ʱЩ˼ͱȡЦˡ죬Ƿǳᶨ˵֮ҪȥҾͺһȥ
һЦðɣǾһΪһϱ߾ȥҲдô
һ֮սڱ߾ʿǵսкܴպҲʹܵ۹ʿľη磬Ȼһ¡ξİΣ⣬ô⣬ʵԻӺöԷ
£죬壬һǿ佫Ĵ£߾ȥΪڣԭҪľȫ˻ʳڣΨƥȥܿԶԶ뿪˱׻ʳǵλãʹõƬɳ
죬κ޹ս£Ҳռණȥ߾·ϣɫԵЩأ˵޹ƺзǳǿĿʦʹսϵ³˳ޣǵıʿӦԡ


481 ʦ
΢㶣޹зǳǿĿʦ
ǳǿ󣿡
ظĸ֡
ʦֶΣԵ۹սսкܴľãԿʦĵλһ㶼൱ĸߡἰһ㣬ЩɻΪô޹Ŀʦܲһ㣬򲻻Ϊ׵ǿ
ǿܹ죬׼ĿʦȴʲôҲˡ
ɫ΢ѿ
üͨ۹ԣ׼ĿʦѾǷǳǿˣ޹ǱߣȴʲôҲˣѵ׿ʦ޹
彲
˵
ӻʳǵ߾ԦѪҲúķңս±ȽϺá
ִˣɡΪ·佫ڣڱ߾ԶϤ˵֪ͨԣͨʿսһʱ󣬶ϵģоƣһΣ޹ıʿȴЩŹ֣Զ֪ƣƵģ͵ͬҰޣÿ˵񶼺ܿ£·ƫࡣ
˵ţ佫ıԵЩ㤣ңҡ޹ıʿսϺ󣬾ȻվѾû˺ȴܶ޾嵶ֱǰ£Ȼնͷ­Էɻжɱˡ
ü𣿡
佫ͷʲôµĻ棬սʱƮѪ磬ڣѪżȻԿһӰЩˡЩӰ񣬺ʧصʮǳڵİգ˿ѪǵԹһ
ȥ˵Ӱꣿ
һĹ⣬һǿʦΪԷˮ׼Ƿǳߡ
ֻǣˮ׼ﵽȳ̶ȵĿʦôͨ۹ս
죬ôˣ
ʵ
ûʲô
ҡͷ
ְο꣬ü겻õļԶɽҲʲôƥٶȸ졣
ܿ죬չȥ
ɱ
ǣ
壡
ǰɱ
ʱգһ˱߾λãȥǰһƬƽԭڽ棬һΪ׹ıʿһ޹ıʿ߼䵶ײʬ嵹£ѪˮͣƮڿУȾһر
Ȼܲпᣬһ˶żӾԣ˶ͨˣڽΪӣ佫սȻ涼İԲûʲô죬ǲ˵սԣֵһᡣ
ɱ
һϤĺ
ѭķȥһɱ˳ȥ꿴ȥͬ䣬ʵȴǲףѾؾ׶ΣǷǳˡ
һЦϳˡ
ˣ
Ϊ̫ԶĲǺ


ΪǿĿܺãȻźԶҲܿĺ
ͷ˵ǿȥսΣգɲ¡ڱ׻ʳʱʶΪĹϵһ˵Ĺϵɸã˿̼ԳսȥȻЩģ
ȿһ

վطѾƿȫ֣뿴һսжǿȻ뿴һ޹ıʿǷȷʵ֮ǰ佫˵ǰ͹Ź֡
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
սϣɱϣ
ԶԶˣֶԷȷʵսؾӦǶ֣ΪʩչĶʶ似ƶĿܣú˫ۣ֮ǰ佫˵Ļȷʵ٣޹ıʿǵ״̬ǳŹ֣ңжѾԶԶļޣָоǶԷһֱڿȼռǱܣ͸֧δս
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʺѪˮϽ䣬սϵ״⣬׹ıʿǽڽڰˡ
У׹вٱʿȥȻ޹ҲǱʿأЩԭ޹ʿҡҡλεľȻվͬľżӶеĵɱ׹ʿ쳡ı׹һڱʿȻżǴңһ׹һߵսƱǱøӵ⡣
ˣ
ͻȻ׹Ӫڣй
Ӫеһ̨ϣһڻģһ߹һ
ȹ𣬱׹ʿƶʱ࣬𣬺ɱС
үү
¶ϲɫ
ȻҲǿˣĵˣȻǼԶɽò˵Զɽھеȷʵܾˣվڸ̨ϣ˵ʲôֻǼ򵥻ľñʿǵսʹԭЩ㤵ıʿ¶ս־𺳡
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
׹һڱʿ𣬾ܲ˵£ȴûһη
һУΪԶɽĹ
ǰսԶݣηµıʿҲ壬Ϊػ԰սΪ˻ͨնս֪ǰܻȴǺηǰ壬黳˵ܼ򵥣ȴһ򵥣΢΢Щ
죬Σգ
е
Щǿ󣬲Ҳ޹ڽʿע⣬мǿΧɱϣʹңΪҪǣ޹ʿվ޾壬Աɱˣ˺ܿƵǱ
ڿšһֱսȻעˣ忪Ҳ֪ǰԼ·ȥӪϽȥսС
ţáͷСġ
ͷŲһΣɲǼʧԭء
ٶȣ·˲ƶһ㣬ߵ佫ʱɴ˫ֱۣ̫ˣôƶĶûпǣʶļ궼죬ǿҲôƶġ
һ

С㣬ȥϽǱߣ
ʵ
á
ͷ
佫ǰ·˿첽űӪȥ




սУײɱ𣬽֯ڰգƬƬɳ
˴ʱƲã޹ĽΧɱǳǱ
ǿȴǿϧˣΪϻ㱱׹ܿҲ
ΪмԶɽ϶սս֣Σ֮󣬲Ǳ׹ܱߵĵ۹ⷽе۹޹ɡ
úƬ磬һжΪ޹У
޹ֵ꣬ǲ̣ɭЦֵʽǳ
е۹ǻҴ
ЦɫȴǺѿһһսһ߻Ҫ˼Ͽ£Щ޹ʿʵǱƵĹǺƣӦԡ
˵Ļ޹ߡ
㲻ףҹʦ٣δע޵УһͳƬ硣
һĮ
Ҳףɷңٵʦʲôˣ
һͻȻһӰʹ޹ǿնĵȫֹ˿У·һεסǡңͬһʱ䣬ԭɱܵЩ޹ʿȫɣը鿪
ʲôˣ
޹ɫ
Ҳһܿ¶ޱȼı飺򣡣


482 ǿ£Ƭս
Ǿȵı飬вʱ쾹Ȼˣּ̧С޹ʿɱǿȫط꣬ʵϲĲУ㣿Ҳΰɣ
̧һһƣ𣿡
ۣ˵ͷǸϲѽŻˣ
ջá
Ц
һغؼյĺѣҲͦˡ
˵ЩʲôȴǱһŭϣ޹˸ֳֵȴһεסˣѾҲԽеĵն
һĻ˱סˣǣŪģ
˲ɵȻܲµһЩ
ͷŶˣ˵ɣ޹λʦʲôˡ
˷뽫еնϧȴҲնȥ·һ˽ǵıסˣǽһ˿־СἰʦʱһıɭȻʦ콵֮ܣɲٿ¼ʦڣģ˶ʦ޹ĻԻͣһͳƬ磡
˱ЦдѪ֮⡣
ûʲô飬ɨ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮȫնͷ­
ϵɭȻ̫ˣûʲôģȫնɱ
Сģйɱˣ
˽е
̧ն޹죬һҲ⣬Ϊ뿪ʳǵʱΪѾﵽʶ۷壬սǳ£лǸǿˣɱʿȻܼ򵥣Ҫʲô
ƫͷ֡޹ʿɱ˹Ѫеնֱۺͷ­ȴɿԶŵ
Щ̫ˡ
ӡһֱսУô£֣ٶЩ޹ʿͻȻüЩϾѾˣȴվʵ̫ڹˡ
ɨƬΧġ޹ʿն飬һ߻ŵʬ壬̧ץ˹
ɶ
ʵ
û˵ʲôƿʿʬף䱳һѪɫ硣
һʲô
ơ

ʿѪɫƣâ˸˿˿âѪɫƣʶвֹΪ׼ĿʦΪƿǿžһܹĲѪɫƵЧá
ѪƿӡڻϣԼȡѪѪƵĻ˵Բ͸֧Ĵǿߵĸʣó߱ѪбңѪʱڲɿݣʱҲɢѪƱЧãѪӶʹĳܹٴվɱУһַǳƣΪ³ûս֮սʱҲٻʮܹ꣬һؾͻѪɿݶ
۵һץӡѪƵıʿʬԽױ顣ʿѾ޷ѪڿڵѪжֻǼ򵥵Ŀܶѡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
бʿ𣬳߳
޹ıʿǸдѪ˿һҰһ㡣
ûɱ֣ĴƬ޹ʿɣֽ̧һŵ޹ʿץ䱳ͬѪơ
ʿţȴû˿η壬˻š
Щ쵰׿񣡡

찴ʿâ˸һתʿѹȥ
͵һ죬ʿѪֱӱ
ʱ޹ʿ͵һ˴룺ǡʿЩãܿˢվһɵˣŵŵŵĺˡȻѪÿѪǼǵڷʲô
ף
˲죬Ѫһɢ޹ʿȻ֪䱸ηˣȻںˡ



ײʮ
սϣıʿڳ棬˵¡
޹ʿηǳͣбѪҳ׹ıʿȻмԶɽ޶Ĺսɱ޹ʿ׿ǲ̫̫࣬ڽڽڰˣбʿѪУڲпսϡ
յģ
ŭĵ۹һױʿ£Ȼŭ
սǰļ޹ʿɨɣ˵սıױʿȫȥｻһˡѾ뵽޹ıʿӦöӡִѪƣ׹ıʿܵס
㣿ǿЦİɣһֵ޹ıʿ
˵ۡ
ս޹ڳ棬һܹס
Ҿˣȥ

˵ۣܿĵͷãСģ
޹ʿڳ棬ǻ˵һվսϵֵһһ񾭲쿪ڣֻ֮󣬱ǲٶ˵ʲô죬һ־Եţ˵äĿĳݡ
䣬ֱ˳ս
úһŽޱӱ׹Ӫд
ˣ
սϣб׹
߾սϣһ˵϶ԴȥǣһЩ򵥵͸ͬĺŽݣֺŽñ׹ʿ˵Ž󣬱׹һڱʿٳˣܿսƬĳɳ
ɳУΨ첻վԭأĿ޹һڱʿ

ӪУԶɽ꣬ȫ˳бʿд
ԱߣȻҲڡ
ţսͼԶɽ˵ȥҪбױʿ˳սüԶɽ˶ɫһ䡣ԭԶɽͬⴵñױʿ˵ĺŽǣȴɫ֣棬ֻεͷ

Ͻ
ָǰ
սϣɳһ޳Ӱӭ޹Ƶᡣ
һĻܿӪһЩͱʿҲˣɫ䡣
˭ôսϣ
û˵ĺŽ𣿣
ȥ
нȵ
ҪȥȴǱ𶯣ｻҽһˡ
үΪǿڼԶɽߣھȻҲǲһڣԭҪȥ˶ͣܿ죬˶ҡͷЩ˵ǲ˵ġ֣ǰս
һˣܵסʿ
ǣⲻ𣡡
죬콫
˵
ʱԶɽͷҪ컽أǿ󣬿һܹס˵޹۾ңЩʿܹŹ֣սǳ׿
үүԱһ꿪ڣܺܵǣȴǵ
Զɽüͷ΢壺Сꡭ
ϽɣҲ
֣ص
Žһ
Ҳ

սɳ죬޹ڳ棬Ĵز쫷ϯ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱΪˡ
УԳ޹ʿԣȴԵúƽ
һתޣ貵â͸Ũ㣬ļһɫĹԴ˫ֻͷĲʱЩİǿԻһ´г˳ͷųһ
ǿ£Ƭս



483 ʥ
ս̫޹ʿҲ̫࣬²Щ϶ִѪƣҪһЩѪƣȻ̫ʱһתޣǿΪ֧ţʹ¹⽻֮֯⣬ɢȥͬһʱ佫Ƭսϵ޹ʿ֡
ˣ
â֯ˮһԲ£תۼ佫սС
ӭȼ¹⣬޹бʿͣȫȥЩʿ϶еѪâ˸ͬһ㳯Ʈȥ
ƽǿһҲǰ
󣬱׹Ӫһȫסˡ
⡭
޹ˡͣͣˣ
ǿգ£Ƭսˣ
˾
ǡ񼣣
૵
Իǿգǿи£ԴƬսֹס˵۹ʿسű׹һ˵Ӿ񾭣Щ˿ʥ
򡭡񰡣
˵ۡ
Զɽ壬׹Ŀ࣬һ˲伸ˡ
ǣʶ۷ļҲǱסˣ˼һĻ

ǰսϣƽһתĸ죬ɢâǿ
޹ǰʿһѪâЩƮɢУ̴Լʮʮ޹˸һϵɢ룬еսҲ˼࣬ԵЩã
ȻˣЩȴǼǵսǵںͱ׹սֻǣǴ˿̶죬ͷǿ£ȴǴĿ־壬һ˺սϣͷǿ£޹ˣֱ񰡣
һ̣޹ˣûһٸǰ塣
ǰǿܹоЩϵѪƶˡ
гһ΢΢һһĽâƿն£նս
䣡
һ죬ƽһ޴Ĺ
ȫȥٷ׽ɱ
ĮЩֻͨ޹ʿѪƣսɱУЩͨˣȻɱֻ֣ѡ
ȴȥԶ쳹սϡ
䣬նڶսµڶ޴󹵻
˿ֲƣ˭ܲ壿޹һڱʿŵɪɪĴ󽫶ſڳˣתۼ䣬ȫ񱼣һףɥ֮Ȯ
ʮѣսֻʣһˣһƬƬɳ
󷽣׹Ӫһ˸˫ĿԲ
Ҳ֪˶ã˴𣬼ĲС
ˣ޹ˣ
̫ˣ
ǣӮһ
ٱ׹˷ܡ
ǰ޹׹һֱǽڽڰˣʧʮǳأȻǰھŵļԶɽϽսָսȴҲɲʤһ񣬱׹ʤһ޹һڱʿֻӴܣ˽ܡ
һ˶ǰսϵ죬ȫ¶ηͿȵı顣
һ˾ͱ޹о⣬⡭
ǡ񣡡
񼣣񼣣
קȭͷ
ЩͨıʿȻǼ꣬ˣ壬ԶɽҲסˡ꣬ˣ壬ȻԼ죬ȴٶЩǣһ֮оҲЩסˡ
ðã
ɽЦ
սϣͷһӪ
ߣӭǵӢۣ
ȵ
Ϊ׹ۻʣӪǰԶɽںһ˺ͼԶɽһȻ岢ںȽڣԶɽȴǼԶɽһϳԳЩؿǿķǳء
ܿ죬һЩӭҲʱ˻
죡
忪ڣгֺȴǲ֪˵ʲôˣΨס˸
̫ˣֱ飡
ݡ
֧ǿ£˿˿ɵֶΡ
ء
Ц
ӪĻһڱ׹Ľ죬ҲһЩͨı׹ʿȫǴžηͿ֮ģηĶ죬ǽŵΧ
һ˵ͷżЦԶɽϽ
ǰ΢΢һǺ
ãð
ԶɽЦȻͺܴ󣬿ӹȴǺӲʣǸˡ
һӪ뵽һ֮ڡ
̫˧ˣ
˲ʱе
ڣ죬壬Զɽˣڳࡣ
һսʤͼԶɽǷǳˡ
Զɽһʱ䲻죬Ҳ࣬ʼ˺ܶе£ֱȥһʱ󣬲Žսϡ
鷳ϷǰӴսȫһ
̸ⳡսǼԶɽʤüͷҲһ𣬲ʱҡͷ
ϽõģⲻннڣⳡսӮˣ
˴һӣǺ
ͷүүſģԵġ˳ƺΪûɻҲûʲôΪһ㣬Ѿԭ
ϽСģſģڣһȡʤⳡս

죬˶ǳġ
ԶɽЦŵͷ漴죬˵Ϲͷ֧ⳡսֻܽϣˣһϷҲ㣡һУ׹δ׹յδɾȫˣ
ͷƽһЦ
Ͻؽ黳εս͸¶ŹŹ֣Ӧ޹˷ǳ˵Ժȥ޹ͥһˣ޹ĵͣⳡսҲȥһǸ޹ʦἰ޹ʦлâӡǵȴѪƣԷԲǸʲôö
ʲôҪȥ޹ͥ
ԣ˽һ
һ۹Ļͥʵ̫ΣˣǿҲЩ𺳡
Ҳǵۣ㲻Ǵͥ˰ɣɲǿЦģ
⻰嵹ԵЩΣǰʹ׹Ļͥ

Цһơ
֣أ˵죬µôӳ飬򲻿³ç㴳׻ʹʱΪлʳǿʦһȡʤȴǡ𵱳£Щ˼Ͼ׻ѹԶɽ꣬һ㶼˶٣˵֮±ҿɲ𡣡
һЦҡҡͷõģзִ硣
ͼԶɽ˵ʲôѶôȰǲá
һȥɣܱߵ۹ұ

ܾʱڣҲȥⳡս£ұǶ˽⣬;пΪǽ󣡡˵ţһʹĴ˫֣ͥžʹ̼һҪңȥʶһ£


484 ޵һ
ЩһӶЩʲô̼ˣ
ȥˣ
˫۷Ź⡣
ԭһȥ޹޵۹һЩ飬ȷʵôңʵһҪסˣҲӦòʲô⣬ԥƬ̺󣬱ʹӦͬҪ
⡭Ҫȥ
ЩˣȻҪȥһ۹ĻͥЩ¡
ĺˣǲʲô¡

ͨǿ߶ɱһͨ۹ĻʹͺͽԼҺԺࡣ
ͼԶɽ˵úʱ֣˳޹ʳǶȥ
˶źѪʻӪܿڰС
ʹ
˺Ц
ЩһǶ
ɵЦȥ
˵
˶ʱһɫ𰡽Ҵˣ֤ɵȣ֤Цˡ
ЦͦȤ
Ѫǿܳһξ쿪ڣȥ޹ʮǳؿѾٵ޹߾бʿϵĴѪƣЩ˵սȽͣԲǼԶɽı׹ʿǵĶ֣ԣԼ뿪޹ıʿᷴս
ȥЩǳʲô
˺档
⿴·

߾ʱߵ佫˵ҹսϻƮѪ磬ܿѪİյӰúܹŹ֣Ҫȥһ
ŶҲٶʣת򣬼źѪĳǳظȥ
ԼʱǰһųǣųǺΡ룬Ϊʧصʮǳ֮һȥǳϵһЩ𣬲âȴԵЩˣһλεġ
˽򣬳ǽ޹˰أҪҪȥӦС
˵
ã￴һ

˴˿̾ǰǽλûһξ룬һ׳ľ£ȥǽվʮ޹ʿлǳڵǳųꪣϵѪܾˣڳǽȥȻҹѲߡ
Ȼ䣬һɳ
䣡
Ҳ֪ôģÿ϶ַ磬ǴѪζ
УйӰ
˾С
ģʲôй
Ϊ׵Ľۡ
ģҸղſˣǳˣѪ
˵Щ
󣬳ǽϣһЩͨҲ΢΢˿ڣ⣬⣬ʵ֮ǰҲһЩӰ񣬺ǳﱻɱˡ
ңҲǡ
Ҳˡ
ңҲ
˵һ˿ڣܿ죬˶ڣ˶ڷпӰ
İձ˰ɣ
˶ŵ
һɺԣˣƨ꣡ǽϣΪ׵Ľȵ˵ˣЩ˱ΣʦڣҲʲô
Ϊ׵ĽᵽʦͨĽ춼ɫĺÿЩ
ʦڣһж⣡
ԣˣ
ʦ޹պƬ磬һ޹֮
ǽϣһ˶
ų⣬¡
ղţʲô𣿡
˶ŵ
Ӱ
ü
ͷһŹųڣԽ֯ڶŹųǵķ򣬱ֻżһӰǣתһȴǿ࣬ЩӰ϶ѪĿԹǳأͬ߳Թ顣
ΪЩӰԹĹϵŨѪζüͷ壺ĲѪꣿһ׿ʦĲǳЩӰȥ˵۶ɣһεǿקǰĹųǣŹųⶫϵλƮ˹ȥܿʧҹɫС
ĶϷʲôط
ʼꡣ
ϣ΢㶣޹ʳǵķ򡣡
лһĨâֱֱŶλá
ߣȥ޹ͥ
˵
ڸ߾·ϣߵ佫޹ʮǳصȫʱ;ⳡսЩԾ˿̣ŷеЩѪӾⳡսŴ⣬пһھ޴ı
ɨһǰĳǳأͼ˼űȻȥ

޹ڱ׹߼ദľ벢̫Զ֮Ǵڱ߾λãӱޣԼӽʱ޹ʳ⡣ȥ޹ʳǺͱ׹ʳ޼Ǻܾ޴󣬳˺ܶ࣬ǿ߲١
˵Ѿ׼ַĺƹˡ
ַĺƹںͱ׹𣿡
׹ܿͻ˰ɣѾʧȥʮǳأסҹսʿǣ֮󣬲Ǳ׹ĺƹܱߵ۹ҲַĶ󡣡
һУʦĹͰ
ԣԴʦ˺ǵս֪˶٣ǰͱ׹սǼԶɽڣǻûʤڣ˵ԶɽսҲˣ
޹ʳСۡ
޹ĻʳУЩ˺ǲˬʦʦ⹷յĵʲôͷòⳡս˵ģ˺öˣ˺ܲˬ죬ǣȴҲѹĺܵͣϾ޹ʳǡ
֪ܿˡ

ɫƽͼ꣬һѭһضķȥ
ܿ죬һʵĳǽǰȻ޹Ļʹš
󵨣ʲôˣ
ػʹͥ޹ʿڣǰȳ⡣
ûʲôֱɨһɽ磬ʹǰļʿȫɣûȡ˵޻ʹҪֹսңνʦһᣬȻɱͨˡ
ߡ
ż˵նͥţʹڡ
갲ĸǲϴ֣˫ǾâǼ
ܿ죬˳߽˻ʹڡ
ʱֵʱ޹ʹǰĽֵŲӰһĻ󣬸ǵɴ˫ۣͬһ㶢ʧҰУ컯֮£Ȼ˸Ҵ۹ͥǳıӵ𣿼ֱ
˰
ˡ
޻ʹڣĹͱ׹ʹ޼ڲͤ¥԰ʯһĴǰһޱȺΰĵ
ʹڣܿдƬʿֱ
ӣȻҴʹ
Ϊ׵Ľŭ⡣
Ż£ܣеıʿȫһȫӶŵ죬ɱȥЩ˵Ϊ̫ǿȴһɱϢǴսıʿսԶͬ׵ʿǿ
ޱ飬ųǰıʿһȻɢ
ʱ䣬ǰıʿһȫеĵղˣ˶һƨ˵ϣ˲¶־ı顣ңЩˣʼŭǿҲǱסˣ亹ֱ
㡭㡭
£ǻ֣̿˰죬˵һ
ЩǿĲֻأεסصɢĺ⣿
гһ׻֮˸ֱնǰוּһһ޴׻ƿնȥת޻ʹĵĴϣ޹ʹԴĶնķ飬һƵ׻ȼա
޵һ
ƽ


485 Խ׵ɱ
һƷ޹ʹԻʵĶڣбʿͽȫ¶𾪵ı顣
һ֮˿µƻ⻹
Щˣʶ۷ļ궼סˣ˼졣
⡭˰
˵ۡ
ƽǰƫͷ޻ʹ
޹ʹоޱѪȵϢܼ
ʲôˣ
һŭ
޻ʹĴڣһ۵߳Ҹһӣ꣬һźۣһۡ
£
£
£
ʱ䣬ʹ˽д
޹ľˡǿ޹ߵӣ겻ɵÿüͷʶ۷Ϊе֣˿ȴϸоǿѹ
ۣע⵽ӵĲһ㡣
ô⡣
Ǵ׹㶮İɣ
޾
޹㶣ɫʱ׹ˣȻҴʹߵӣλʹ뽫ץ
޹£ߵǸӶʱ˳ȥɫԵúܵĮһֳȻĸо˿һʱһӰ󣬲ӰԽԽ࣬ͬİĻӰһ㣬תۼ֮⡣
ʦߵʹ֮һ
⼸ˣȻͷʹˣʹʵ˲ѹǣ
ȻλʦǱ޹ڶҪǿǧ
бʿڣԭıʱɢȥЩϷŰĶͼˡ
ǰɫ䣺죬˴վ磡
֪
ͷ
˵ƽ̧֣ǰ
Ҳʱɿ絽ǰ
ž
һĶ⴫ĺͬһɣԶ
⣿
ʹȻ
ôܣ
ȫɫ
ǿʹһƾķ˳ȥ޻ʹһ㡣
궯ݣ죬㡭оˣǰĺӷǳǿ󣬱ʦĹҪǿ֣Ȼ̧־ͳ˶Է
޴ǰ޹ɫұߵ¶â졣
䣡
һ񱩵Ϣϯɵĺ۳ʮɵϡ
¶죬ӵɫ¶˴̹ǵɱ⡣
򡭡ᡭɣվϵˣ
ֱӽˡ
ﬣ
һ̶ϣͻأһ֯
һ׼
׼һʹڣ˽ԲֻоЩˡ
ı΢Щ޹ľǲú̸ˣ
㱻ѹ󣬱úú̸
޾
ͬһʱ䣬ϣӵɫˣ̫ˣڲϣȡ׼ҪһնΪȻһƣֻǣȡ׼ȴǿһۣ
ﬣ
һ˳׼ɽٶȸ죬תǰ

ž
췴һ⣬ٴνӳɡ
һĻһ°ͣ˶ˣǼ㶢졣
ӵɶԶϴָŭ죺˵ʲôȴ˲ӭ䵭񣬶ʱݺһ·һ˫εĴָס˰㣬ɲ亹
ɫЩ䵭ضѣʲôҲҳһӽ
⻰˶һءѣ
㡭ѾǳԸκһ۹ˡ
̲סҺΪ
Զͷһֻ̫ˣ
һ
ӳ
޾ߣɫԳֱӶˣһգɢ˿ںӵԪͬһʱ䣬Ҳǳһ׼ɽ
´߶ǿʢԪ
ʱı鶼üΪɫͬʱ߶׼ɨһƬããⲻͨҲǼ򵥵似һͨһʱ䣬죬ƬʹһƬĺܼĴ󽣴ֲˡ
⣬⣬ǡ
öལ
áÿ¡
˽Ծ
һĻûκ˲˴ƣֱԻһа
㣬⡭ܵס
ˡ
£
һЦ
˵һâ˸һƬĻ𣬻һ⽣϶
߶ҵɱ
ʱ䣬Ⱥٴαɫ붯ݣ˼ɵˣӺնܼĽâתۼ䣬ȴǻĴ󽣣ҿȥԶȺӺӻĽ£ܲЩ˾ȣȫˡ
Ӻӽɫұ䣬о컽Ľж¡
㡭
˿ڣȻû˵滰ĻᣬܼĹ⽣Ѿֱѹ¡
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ǧ϶̼Ӻնнâÿ˶һ⽣˵ر֮ϣһʱ䣬ѪˮסʣȾ˴Ƭ档
λʹ
޾ɫ
ʹˣ
޻ʹڣбʿҲɫ
˺ͼһݣȫˣͻȻֱһˡ
֣𣬽Ӻӵ׼ɽץ˹
׼ɽֵɲһ㡣
˵ɣǵʦʲôˣǣʲôˡ
ˡ
Ҫɱ˺ܼ򵥣̧־նɱղŲѣ˿ʳһЩ
ӺӱڵϣӿѪ˾ı飬ͬʱҲ۷ŭǵ׼Ȼ˹ȥǶ죬һ̣֮ɫͷŭ֮ɫȫʧܿ컯ɭȻĶ졣

ӵ
˵ţӲŶָ֣ϵһöָͭݺݵһŤ
ʱ䣬ϸֳһ磬תۼ串˷Բʮɵľ룬˺һЩʿΧСһ̣һһɿµɱƵ˳һɭɭĺڹƮƺնһС
һɱ󣬶Һǿ
׿ʦ̲ôǿɱ󡣡

ûпӺӣ̧ͷʹкâ
ӺӲǿʦôĵɱ󣬱νʦ̡
ô˵ʦһ㣡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһըɱ֮ڣ޻ʹıʿڹУʱ鿪
ʹ
ʹˣţǳȥ

ҽһⷶΧڣͨʿѣ˶¶ֵı顣
ɱ⣬һЩʿǿ־壬ȫźˣ±ǺڹС
ǻᱻնѪʣ
Ķ죬ͺŰεؿڵĹ⽣ӵվ


486 ͨɾʦ
ڹһɭɭһƬʮڵĿռȫˣУһɭͬڤɱֲ֮ˡƬɱУ޻ʹһЩʿ˴ѣһը״ǳҡ

ҽһͷƤڷ顣
ӺӶ죬Ŀͬڿһʬһ㡣
㡭ô죿
˿Һ
û¡

ûжֻǽһתâһ֯ߡ
ܣһɱնȴ޷ȫûˡ
ţ
ô£
Ӻӱɫɱֲ֮ܿȴȻն졣
ɱУâ˸һһһת۳һ󽣣̧նǰ
ͣ
һ죬϶ʱ飬ʹɱһȱڡ
һһżˣǚiһΣֱӴɱп
һʱ䣬ȶ¡
ˣ
˳˿ؿڡ
ǰӺӵɫȴͲôÿˣŵŵŵĺˡ
㡭㡭ôܻᡭ
˿־壬Ȼܹ׾ٵĴǷɱп
ŲһΣ˲ǰ
飡
飡
죬ͬʱĵڵء
˵ɣʲôˣνʦʲôˡ
ˡ
ңгһ漫Ϊɭ
ӺһеĳǱÿ־һ̣ǵ̫ˣʱȡǵ
ڣ

⻰һʱʹúӺһɫøӿ־
ĵĮ˿ҲɣĻնǡ
ң˵
ˡ
ӿڣǡ
ʱ춯ݣٺˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮɱն䣬ɭɭȻļ¡
汻ն飬ͬһʱ䣬ӺӲɸӡ

һ
Į̧ͷ񷡣
Զ޴Ͽգһ겻֪ʲôʱվ˪
ʦ
ʦʦ˳ˣ
μʦ
޻ʹУһдݣԺϣȶ޹Ҫٱ
ʦӣܲһ㣬Ǳ׹ģʦѹ
޹Ҳ
ţɱӺն˺޾ǰдƣȥʹ뽵޹ʦʱʦ֣޹ıʱΪʦɱȺۺǿ
̧ͷ꣬ĮԼҲɱǹпᣬֶβ
ﵭĮҲһƳ
ССͣ
ϣ
ܲ
וּһһ𣬷ʮնֱӻһƬ嫵Ļ𺣡
Ƭ𺣣ÿһƻ涼ǽ
ǣ
һƬ𺣣
⡭
˴ʧɫ
ϣɫǰһܣ׻ȫ¡
תۼ䣬ȫɢ
һŻ꣬ɫͨɾ硣ߴܣԻо˲ͬԪǿԷȻͨɲΣԶȰǸ̫ϳǿ󣬴ͨɾڶС̨ס
ͨɾ
ɫ
ͨɾǿǴ˵еĴڰ
ϣ궢죬ͬϣĿһУֻܲǿϧˣūͣⲻһ䣬궯ֱ֣ɨһƬںںڵ֣һԣܣѹ¡
ˣ
Ʈһı飬ڡ
˿ֲƣĲ
ߣ΢̧ɫͼԻǰūŷԼĹ֮£ҺθɡͼԻ˶ѹײһ͵һʱ֮ʹ֮ʧӰ١
⡭סʦ˵һ
ôܣ
Ӧðʦ޵еĲŶԣôܵסʦ˵һ
޻ʹڣбʿɫ
޾ҲǴ󾪣죬Щطжô£ӵлһеǿһȻ˸סˣԴɻûм¡
ϣ΢΢죺ѣȻܵס֡һڲ׵ͨһʿס΢Щȡ
⻰˶һ
㡭ˣ
𾪡
죬һ۹ԣǿһĴڰ
ҲǾȣ죬㡭֮ǰɨɺӺӣѾµܴﵽղΣﵽͨĻ𾪡겻죬ѾﵽĴ֮ĸ߶ȣ
ȣ֮ǰᵽ˸𡣡ƫͷżһЦġ
ʲô
ٶʧɫģ
ͷʱҸոл̫ϳϴﵽͨɾ磬һȥ˷ڣƻĲӣɱ˲ʦֵܣλϣ̫ϳҲˣ̫ϳϸƵԣ˰
̫ϳϴﵽͨɾ֪ǾȻȥ˷𣿡ü˵ǰˡ˶٣ͻȻһ뵽Щʲô㡭̫ϳϴﵽͨɾҲɱˣ
ͨɾɱһͨɾڣ
ǿģɱ١

˵ĺƽڵڶϵͨǿߣҲʮˡ
ֱۣӴˡ
ͨɾڣ졭ɱ˲٣
㡭
죬겻֪˵ʲôȫסˣѾôǿˣ
ԱߣѾ״ˣ죬Լµ˰ʲôһţ죬ȻһˣһţһŰǿƬĴ۹бϻҪСȸ߸ϵĴȻһʵ̫ˣ
ߣ
һ𣬴Ųм
ϣ긩죬ɵĮ飺ƾ㣬ΪѣҲ˵ɱͨɴڣ´˵̫࣬ճ𡣡
̧֣΢
ü˴ԭزͬ޳建ڿգͻͬȵĹȣܵĮ챻ɱʱͲôˡŻ꣬ɫǳƽ֮ǰ֪㵽ͼıʲô
˫΢΢𣺡Ҳ֪˵ʲô
֪ЦǰδеĿֲƻ͸һɹɾ˵쫷ϯȥһǰķ飬˿ֲƣƬʹ˸Ȼһֹס֪ܿˡ


487 
ֲϢϯ쫷ɢ˱ɫ
ȥϣնŤˣһ鿪
㣬⣬⡭
ֽˣ컺񷣬ͬϣɢǰδеĿֲǵȲ·Ҫ񷶼ƷͬɽҪ
һ̣ҲǴסˣϢ̫ˣĹȵ̫ϳϻҪǿ
˶촽ȴ²һֱŰѣ̫ǿˡ
䣡
ϣԪ嫺һ㣬һɢһƸ֡
ԣһƬĮŶĻꡣһǿҵֱ׹ʮǳأһ⣬ڶԷϸоޱȻѪȲһ겨ЩڶԷ
ɫ΢ֻѣȻɢôǿơ
ЩԾһμʿȻơ
ɫ䣬һʧڻǰ
û˿ӶȭֱԷ
ԷϵѪϢᡣ
䣡
ǿһȭͬʥı˰㣬ƺܺˡ
궯ݣǿȻЩľûӲܺǰסȭһһУһɭɭԻתһȦֱӳѹȥ鿪
ޱ飬ûаĶһȭѹ£Ĳ񷶼ҡΡ
¡һ껽ɭɭֱӱ顣
ߣ粽ϣһ֣պ¡¡⻪졣
ǿƲվֻѣϲС
һƶѹȥ
Ҳͨɵڶѣ̫ΪǣͨصҶɱ
ĮӦ
⻪һֳһӰǧ֣Ȼǰ׼ҵǧͨ߶ͨİ׼ǧڰ׼ҵѧʱ䣬ǧ붯˲佫ķ顣
ңǧͨûɢȥǧֳ죬ǧֻ֮Ƴǰѹȥ
һֹɱƣֻǣ겢һߣٴμһܡ
ûཻһ졣
ն

Ϻ۳һ޴񽣣Ͻ֯һ磬ƣʹֱӳһ޴ѷ죬ĳɶ񽣴ܱŷµ磬Ȼɢһͨľ
üһǿ
ǲη塣
ˣ
һƬĴɽ˻𶯳ա
磡
磬ǰѹȥ
ȻǷǳ£ֻ߶һ˿Σ߱ǿֲףͬƬϿһƬСĹ硣
䣡
ײһ𣬾硣
ʹڣŲ˵棬˶ݣս̫Ŀˡ
⣬⡭ǣ似𣿡
˵ۡ
սǵһμ
궼ԾɴĿǰսסˡ
¡죬ϣͻ꽻棬ͨҵײʮ졣



һϿɨ뵹ɡ
궢죬üͷղǡ磿ƺĻΪ࣬ǻ壬ôʩչ
֪ĵͦࡣһһתĵƬˣ
һĨ⣬漴ܿ˫ۣҲĲ٣ҲĻʲô˼
ûϵһΪֹ

һ̫һƬİǿո֣һ´Իɫ¹Ƭ񷣬ʥϢ
ʱɫ䣬¶˼֮ɫ
̫ǿ£㵽ʲôˣ
ƺ֪ܶ࣬ʱֲͬԾˡҪ֪ǿеѪͨ˲ѧᡣ
ߣһƬ
䣡
Ƭ֯һ֮ӭϣֱӷ˻е·
һ˫ָ߾٣һ޴Ƭȫſ
ͽã㲻壬ЩֻǼ󣬲Ϊ
ȵû˵ǱɫΪ챾˽ǰ
㡭
飡
ȭݺڻϡ
һѪϣɣֱײ޻ʹԶһƬڡ
ʦˣ
⡭
ʦ˾Ȼôܣ
һڱʿɫ
Զ޹ǾܵʦȻһȭҷˡ
Զ˺ͼҲǾסˡ
ͨɾڡ
ˡţɱͨɾǿʱܾȣһ̣ȻۼһȭһͨɾĴںɣĶԷѪָоͺñĿһֻϲһͷ㣬һìܵ𺳡Ϊ˵ǲܵ£ڣֲܵ£ȴƫƫˡ
䣡
˵ĲԶϲ񷣬ϢøӿֲЩ
ŶԷӺĮΣɷЩ
һ㶣漴֮ǰ˵ġһΪֹ仰ʱɫ˫۱úɭС˵һ˫ֻʱ䣬⻪ɱ֣һͨȫ
䣡
ӿ˷Ҫһѹ
΢òǿ󣬰Ǹ̫ϳϸ޷ȣ׼ҵİ׺ҵҲǲ̫̫࣬ȻֻһС̨׵Ĳ࣬ǣɱ˶Ҫʮоѹ
Ȼֻһ˿ѡ
ǣٴθһӰ
׼ҵĺ֮һ
һӰʮɣƽ̯ǰѹȥ
¡һ죬ֱƿâ
ʱƿյ𣬻߻һĹ⣬ǳżȥ
ƫͷɫʱһ

ǚiʩչޣԭӰûУһ̣ǳڼǰ
Ҳʱ귢һЦ
ˣ
췽Ĳϣһֶһ֮ϡ
¡һһԻһƬ׺ֲ˷ָ
ȻŮӣעʹñʧһ۶Ȼȷѡ񡣡
ֹͣڼ֮⡣
¡
ϣ죬׻֮Ի߽֯һ𣬻۳׺۳ǵȿֲ·һСңĿȥ׺֮Уһƽ֯һ𣬷·ᴩ׺
̧ͷоâƣҪ߽ˮ׼
궯ݣɫ΢Щ
㻹涮ò٣죬Щ԰Ϊ߽׿ʦ


488 
ϴư֮ɫһַİȻ·ԼΪ㡣
¡
ϣ׹ڣ֯һƣºˡ
Ȳһطûһ˲ɫ˶ˡ
⣬⡭ɼ𣿣
бʿѡ
ȥնˣ뺣˺󣬶һЩͨıʿ߶ԣĳ⡣
ʦˣ
ʦˣ
ʦˣ
ٱʿź˷ܡ
ԼһʦȻ޵֮ˣȻܹ澰
ֱڽ֮а
˶۾ɵùԲ㡭򡭡
Ҳǣỽ죬ʵͷ̫ڿ¡
˫Ŀâ˸ҡͷ
û¡
˵
һû£Ļ¶ЦһֳӦ֪ʦһЩ£ôҲӦ֪߽׼Ŀʦźεȳ̶ȵܵ
ƺڳлĻ¡һ׹׻졣
ûдԷԵúƽ
ΪǵˣԷʱöԷǳܡ
ֻɨ˻һۣٴϡ
΢㶣ɫͨɵڶǿߣһλ߽׼Ŀʦ˵ʵ˵Żжô£ʱȴоԼˣһŭ
ں˵
ɭȻĶ졣
ֻɨһۣǽŲϵס
ʵ˵ȷʵܿ¡
컹ǲԼ񳹵ױ֮ˣ֮ͽͳ׺ĺкˣĻ£ֳ·ʱ䣬Ƶѹ



Ťһ֮ʲôԱ
һʱ䣬âûķҲȫˡ
ûӳĻᣬɡ

ǵķΧڣеâŨ㣬ģÿһ缡âɢͼ۳˸ǡ
ɫƽâ˸һöʯʯг˳ʱ¶
䣡
Ӳѹ䣬âڸʮκ˶淢ʲô
жͬ뷨ˣضᱻ
ˣ
⻹˵
ʦ˳֣˭ܵס
ٱʿ
޹ı֮ǰôһСʱ䣬ĵš
ǰ޹Żд񣺡ʦɱ
䣡
ͻȻһɹµгֱӽԶһ顣
ģͷһʯżˣƽ˳
⡭
ţ
ôܣ
˽Աɫ
ֲ֮£Ȼܹ
⻹𣿣
ʦ
޾Щŵŵŵĺˡ쾹ȻŴӻٳ˳δҲһȻĻ޾ոշµָˣôôĿ£
ԼҲǾȣͷʯֶݣƷԣֹƷƷ̶ˣ
㻽ƺЧò󡣡

Ż꣬ͷʯ𶯣һɹֱӽϵ׺׻ƿʯڵڶãֻƷڷϵʱʯϿӡƣʹ˲١
ϣ飬ʱеֶΡ
ҵֶΣܶࡣ
ƽ
ǰһͷʯƮڼͷ

ż
꣬׷ǰȥ
΢ĵΪƿ𻽳𣬾Ϳ뱾һϸˣɣ˵ţڳһǿͬʱҲо˵ӿ˫ֻʱϿӡƷӣȻѾ֪߽׿ʦ͸֪Զͨͨɶʿǿ󣬶ڱԣһͨǿҲһ
䣡
Ż껰£ϣƽ֯財
һƮɣ˷۶нжƣѹԪƣзӡռƣһЩɱԵơƺһŻͨʱĿռٶȱŤ
ǿ
ܿ£
о˾޴ѹ꣬ĺܲ򵥣ƺͨһʩչʵϵսѾͨͨǿˣǳˡڴˣôη壬ΪҲֻǵͨѡ
ȶԷԵĸࡣ
Ҳᡣ
Į
Ԫ񱩣߶˫ַʩչͬлһӡƣѹԪƣһЩƣһһӡԻ
㡭
ɫ䡣
죬ȻҲͽϿӡ󷨣⣬Ҳˮ׼
ʱ춯ˣ粽һѹ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ӡϵһ߶
䣡
һʱ䣬򷢹⣬໥Ķǿĺˡ
걻ľסˣ칥ɱǷӦæֵ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ϲײͨͨƶƣһʱ䣬ǲ¡
⣬˲񷣬˱ɫ
⡭
ǸˣȻȻȫʦսһ𣬲ಮ٣
ôᣬⲻܡӦð
һڱʿ
˶Ÿ߿ϣǴסˣס˸
ǿǿ
ѾϿӡˡ꣬಻վ磬Ҳﵽˮ׼ףסôеġ
ңǱǿ˲٣ȥ죬ǣһΣֻһѣűӣѾǿ˵زΪȻܹͨɵڶ߽׿ʦսȵز
ЩЩЦˡ
ǵĹʱ˵ĻҲǿα㣿
ء
Ųսŵ꣬ã
¡
ϣ졣
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
֮ϣӰʱʱײһѪԻ뵹ɡ
ңͷЩɢˣؿڴһѪۣ
棬ҲûкõȥѪֽЩŶĻ꣬оâ貣ͨɵڶؼ߽׿ʦȻܿ£ѶԸվֻǺѶԸѣǶԸˣԼǿš
Ż꣬䵭ٴγǰȥ
ͣ£
ͻȻĻ꿪ںȵ


489 Ƶʮ
Ųһ٣ͣ
ô׼ģ
Įĵ
ɫһһͬΪʦ̸һ̸
ûʲô̸ġ

ǰ粽жһ׼ɽɭ
˵㽫ĳĺôȻҲ

΢ֹסŲЩ棬˵ʲô
ͣ£𶯣ӡһƬܼơ
ơ
˫ۡ
ƣԽһռ䷶Χڵϣ䴫ȥ
Щ£һЩϣûʸ

⻰Ӿú档
˵ʲôֻǶĶŻ꣬ŶԷġ
꿴ı飬֪ڵԼڣӦ֪ôĸְɣ죬ߵ˵Ǵ硣
ƽ⣬Ͼƹʹ
˵ʮ򡣡
ͷȻ֪ʮҲӦֻ֪Ҫƿʮ죬ʮ죬Ϳɴﵽ֮ͬ٣ɾ㡣
˵ʲôص㡣
ü
ߣ̬ȺЩ졣ʱ겢δ˵ʲôһ̣ɫĮ°ҿʦһƿʮ죡
ޱ飬ĵƿʮ죿Թ˭ƿ˵ţͻȻ䣬춯ݣԱЩɫ˵ʦһ㲻һˣ
ķӦЩ⡣
ע𣡡
Ц
üֱֱĶŻꡣ
һ̣˻ڻʳʱʳǿʦĻ᳤˵һϯʦһƺͼʲôھȫ£һЩǿĿʦԲҪ֮ϹϵҪһЩʦ£ȥ
Լã꣬ͻʳǿʦ᳤ἰйء
뵽һ㣬һתȻ
ô˵ǡǿĿʦ
Сĵʵ
ǱɫС
Ȼкܶ࣡ǳ࣡

һװСЩ̽Եʵ㣬ǾۼһΪˡ
Ц֮ǰ˵ƿʮݣɾ㲻𣡡
ü˶٣ƿʮӦûôװɣԹٻ羡ͷǿ߶ƿʮıݣǵȼǿ߶Ʋͨ˾ۼٶ࣬ҲûʲôðɣʱɫСģҲ΢ЩȻҲݣϾʮȷʵѱƿӦ˵ûϣʱܹԷĻ
棬ü֮ǰǰСģȻûôףԣҿʦһӺܾúܾǰͿʼ׼ˣ׼ʴʧʼһһ£һѾ֪˶ôƾõ£ʱҴңڣҿʦһһʵԸ
˵ţϸֳһ˿ȡ
ƿʮݣʿ룡
ͷһʣŴ֮һһרеµǿߡ
˵׼ʲôô£Ż꣬ıٴαСģʵʴ˶޷ƿʮıݰ˵ţһɻŻ꣬ȻڵȴŶԷģ׳Ļ
ϣһҲ⵹ʹ޻ʹв˽¶Ź֮ɫ
ˣʦˣôôˣ
ǣʲô
˵ʲôǣô
Ҳ
⣬Ҳǡ
ɻ
վһʯƿУ˶Ų֮ϡ
Уͻɣз紵
ʵ׼ʲôɫý꿴ȥʮңȴѾﵽ׿ˮ׼ڿʦһϾǶţҲ̸һ̸Ҫ̸£ҿʦһĺأҲ׸㣬Ҫóһĳ
üͷһȻ׶Էʲô˼
ŶԷ˶٣װķǳʵϣƿʮأ
棬챻סˣ˵ͷ
ɫ΢šκɫǱáᶨ
֣мָ֣صԵģţ͸¶֣֮۵ѹʦһһΪʦһԸΥģصħ벻٣
궯ݣ¶Ц⣺ãԹʿɲ㷢ģ¶Լ񶾵ԣʱǳˡ
˵˰ɣ
ɫЩÿ˵
ȻÿɫҲΪֻ֮Ϊ˾ܵԶԷ
Ц˱ԣĺмֵ㲻ʧģ˵ţıȻҲӵİʮ򣬵ʮıݼ̵ǿ羡ͷҲ޷ƿԴǱݡ
ǿҲֻһ˶ѣһˣʵվޣǿʦһʴȥ󣬼ʱǿʦڹһ嫵Ĳ󣬽Ϊδ֮ؿɴƵʮıݣֻǴһ϶ҿʦһҲȫʮ죡
˫⡣
֮
ɻ
ۿʦͷ죬ҵȿʦһھ֮ϣڻĹߵʥڣ˵ţǼǿʦıݻɣΪʷǿ
֮ռĶһ̯֣лĶһӰӰڷѪһԹϢҴӾռЩѪ꣬޾Ѫһ𣬱֮
춢ŻеѪ꣬ѪϤǲǰڱ׹ĳֹųѪ֮һʱѪƮߣû뵽ռ亮ȭĲ²Ȼûһжڸʮǳر˵⣡
뵽ʮǳڱͨգ뵽ŵһѪ꣬ûΪǴӵھȣֻؿһơ
Щͨ˾ϧֻ϶ֵһᣡ꽫Ѫ𣬶ȻЦǻĹһλĺˣ֪ණǰرֶһ򣬱Ϊռ֮
죬ŵֻʮ꣬ʹﵽȸ߶ȣ֮һƬռ֮һػĹȥңܵõ࣬ĳɾͽǰ;һ˳Ҫǣδǿɿ˭Ҳĵʮ죬ɾ㲻֮ȻҲ˵ˣУҪðһЩ¡
ʵ̫ˣʮѾﵽ׿ʦ֣֮츳ƹŽδУԱȵλˣʵû궯ģܽ£ضɾһͼҵŸЩҪ֪ǻĹһλĺˣλͣĹںλ൱ͬ˲٣һֱھճĳλãһҲΪռЩѪ꣬׸ĹΪԼĹ͡
˵ˣ
쿪ڡ
ЦŵͷЩˣˣһȡ
ۣ
һ⻮裬ؿնһѪۣɭɭ׹ǶԿü
ҽУϵŵŵŵĺˣҲʱ顣
㡭ʲô
ŭ졣


490 ɱѪӴ
ͷڷ趯˫۱ޱȱ䡣
еĳɭɭâ֮ͬ·ܹո˵ꡣ
˵
Ǵ³֡
ԼǸˣҲԼǸˣȻմѪȣɱ˺ܶˣԼɱ֮˶Ǹ֮ˣ٣ԵԼģء
ΪΪﵽһ󣬾ͲӦöͨϰն֣׹ʮǳǱ޹ıʿɱȴǰˣԷ֮ⷢսô޹գֻΪǵΪԴܲŭԼǸѪˣ£ŭˡ
ﬣ
гһ𣬽â죬ϯϰ˻ġ
˽Щ£յһʱŤˣƽˮһ㡣
Ȼ䣬Ƭͬһŭ𣬺ˡ
Ķ㾹Ȼˣ
ŭȡ
һԻ𣬽Ľâȫ
죬ɫɭȻˣ㾹Ҹұң
ѣʲôʱվǱˣ

գһŶԷȥһƬźڵɱ⡣
ɫѾԵķµĴģΪΥ˴ԣͲħʹ־Ž٣ó𣡡
ģԣЦ̧֣һâնµգʿԿ·һΪУԲŻ١ȻУξ־Ž٣ҺΣ
ɭɭâնֲˣҪնؼһС
ǲɱ㣬ǲŻĵħŻ

ŭоԼˣ˫ɷ㶢졣
ĶҪ֮أ
ŭ
Ż£̧֣һӡ
䣡
һ죬Ƭ޻ʹȥѪһƬһƽضʮҲֳ֪˶ѪɫƣһɿµɱںƵɱ̫ǿˣ֮ǰ߽ɱҪ¡
⣬ǡ
䣬ϢϢ
ãÿ¡
бʿսսǻ̿֡
ҲǶݣȻ֮ɫΪȿµɱ𣬲ȥսʱ꣬߶ԪʯסԼˣ˲űúһЩǵŲϵ졣
򲻻ɣ
С
һûģ
ͷ
ֻǣȻô˵еĵȴǸûɢȥǱøŨ
ʵǣ˿̻껽̫ˡ
¡¡
쫷һϯµɱ⽻֯ڿУ޹бʿǲ
̫ˣ
ϣޱ飬â˸ɨʹ֮⡣
һġ

ʶˣԸ֪Զ˿̣˳ϵһƣ޻ʹĶĸλĽѪɫģӡơ
ģʹ
治ϧȴң궢죬˸ɭȻ֮⣺ٸһλᣬЧңҲɱ㣡һΣҪΪӡӡ
ӡһӡϣԺԶҲ޷ӡӡˣΪȿӡǿȻڿӡʱҪ̵ȫĽܲУӡ޷ӡϣ˵һַǳ
һĨмгâ졣
ʵж˻شʮ˵âֱն¡
ɫһͨʮ˵âø㲻ϧǾֻˣʹ˵ţжһѪӣɭȻһЦֶνѪӴ򿪣ʱ˻֮
ȥڴܳһѪ꣬ЩѪսޱԹһʱѪơЩѪĳ֣ƬʹڣԭɱøӿֲˣȫѪɫһѪɫɱн֯
Ƭ޻ʹѲѪӴЩѪļӳ֣նɱͨǿߣ궢죬㻹дﰡķռô֮˿ȴǺķϣǸ
أ
أ
أ
Ż껰£ƬʹҲ֪˶Ѫɫ磬Ѫ˻ʹƬʹ˲仯һƬµĵȵֲ

Ѫɫ

вҽޱ
ѪӴ󸲸ʹѪɫɱ죬תۼ˲ͨıʿ˻Ѫʹ˶¶־֮ɫ⻹µģµǣƬɱУһѪµһɫͬǿɲԹһ㣬һЩʿֱ˺ҧ֮пͷƤ顣
衭ѽ
˶£Ӷˡ
ǼҲɵò£ȳڣǿΪ߶µ֯һƬĻѪˡ

ʦ󡭡
ʦˣȾǣȡ
ҽΪ̶޻ʹ˿̵ǲ״
޹ʦˣʦˣ롭죬ס֣Щҹıʿ
ʱ޾ؿһ汦񣬱ڷ⣬㣬ѪӴڵɱ޷ѪҲɱȥ
ߣʲôһȺ϶˾ˣûʲôˣ㣬Ҹؿڣõʲô˵ţ궢죬ɭʲôͱ𿹺⣿츳ˣɱʵںܿϧһλᣬ㰲ñӡӡպΪЧαͲɱ㣬һ·
츳ȷʵˣʵǺ뽫ΪЧ
ͷˣżס˼ˣûκɱѪԿȥ׷̧ͷ꣬û˿еɱȴǱøŨһЩ
һ㶣漴Ц㿴ڣѪӴʮѱˣȻ˵Ĵ󻰣ʵǡ
䣡
ĻﱻϣһɸӿɲɱΪĳܵ
ȥ߶һˮ̨ˮ̨飬һƬȱƸ֣ʱ䣬ƬʹڷŭţմŤһ΢СĺڶǿֲɱƺҪ񷶼˺飬ҪƬض˽Կ־塣
㡭⣬ǣ
ɫ䡣
쾲ԭزɱ纮
׼ɽɱƽ֯һɢ
ڵڶʱȥ׼ңʱӡɱˮ̨ڰ׼ںȥʣһڴ˿̱ϼ˳ɱȻֻӡһǣǣΪŴ֮һʼ֮ݻռɱȻֻһǣȴҲ㹻ˣһļȡƬصնĿֲɱ⣬Ҫ㶼ն


491 ʶɱ
ʧɫƱãƬضΪ֮ʧȥɫʡɱתֻһǣȴҲͬڳɢܿ츲˷ԲʮɵķΧȷΧ󣬵ȴӾˣʮڣɱ죬˶ͷƤ顣
⣬򣬻ֶΣ찡
𺳡
ɱƣ̫ˣ
ϣ궯ݣɫʱֱ࣬£ŭ졣

˿̼ɱ̫ˣ겻ɵͷһΪɱļ¡
ޱ飬ֻЩ䣬ĶŻꡣ
׼ɽɱƣһĳ𣬽е顣
һ𣬽̶쳹ʮ
ӭ̬ɫøࣺҪ̫ˣ
Ż껰£һѪӴڣһѪ곯ȥ
ЩѪ˻𣬸ĿȾѪǵƮԹ顣
֪ЩѪ꣬Ǳ׹ʮǳڵЩ޹ա
Ұǽѡ
˵
£ߣɱ𶯣ܼɱ𣬷ϯܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ɱΪǵɱ˺һУգۼ佫ƬѪն顣

޻ʹУҽһʿѪˣеĿȫǡ
ƶɨܣһɱɱˮ㽦ܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
޻ʹУһѪӶı顣
ôҪȥ޹ЩʿֻǣЩѪͨİҲǻӳѪӴΣЩѪûٵЩգѾȥˣǵٸ
ʦ꣬Ӧ֪ǺεҪŪĹߣ
䡣
꣬޹ʿǣֶξĳǳڵİյ꣬Ѫ꣬Ϊʵ̫ˣΥ˵硣
񷣬ɱնܣ׼ɽֱӳŻȥ
ﬣ
һХһ콣âϯɱ˹ȥ
ߣ䣬һ񽣸֣ʱɢ
Ʒ
㵲ס𣡡
һ𣬳쾶ֱն˹ȥ
һΪ֮һֱˡ
ƷƷ֮Ȼǳֲһⲻˡ
նĽâ飬նĽƲٱ˹
콫׼ɽһߣʯȻ𡣵Ȼͬһʱ䣬һɱâţʮɱ͵£εĻУѪѪɫɱ⿿ᱻʮɱ顣
Ƽӳֹʯ汦ԺһƷ࿹⡣
ˣ
ʯâ֯ɱ
һȻ䣬һɽֶƷ񽣡
ɱ
һȣͬʱ߶Ʒն˹ȥ
ͦࡣ
ֻĸ֡
ӭƷɽĿһɱһǿɱһ̣һת貵֮Ƶӿ뵽Щɱ֮Уʹһɱ󸲸ǵķΧøҲøӵĿֲ
ֻɲǼѣʮɱеŻƷɽն˹ȥԪӿʯע룬һʱ䣬ʯɹ⣬һȦµĹâɢǰѹȥ
飡
ŭȡ
Ʒ𶯣ɹ⺧ˣӳʮɱ顣
ʮɱոȴиǿɱڱһѪͬʱŻն˹ȥң콫һתĸӿ٣עɱһڣʱʹһɱø¡
䣡
ɱ׳Ļݺһ
ɫЩѿȻƷѪӴ󣬵ɱȴίʵЩ鷳ǵɱ̫ǿˣѪһڷ飬ңͬõѪӴЩ·ǿеĻһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬챾ҲǿֳŲƷʯһͨԻЩֶμͲȫԺսһ־ŭͨɵڶǿߣֳƷѪӴڣȴȻڶʱѹƲһʿʱϸֳŭݡ
Ķ

£ƬʹڣڷŭŵĸѪӴŵķΧڷɿСܼѪ𣬾ڲϻ۳һƬ޴ѪӣһѪӣѪ´£ӡˮһ㣬ˡ
⣬⡭
ʲô
УһѪӣǣҪ𣿡
ٱʿ־塣
˿̣ѪԻѪӴУеȫ֯Уռ䱻ʴ죬żһѪҺ£ʱ޻ʹĵճһ޴Ŀ
Ѫӽ٣ʴһУ㻹εֵ
ȵ
ѪӺ¡¡ƺƵĳѹ䣬ƺҪɽȥ
һĻ˵㡣
ȥѪӸ˷ԲʮɵķΧڵͶһĨ޴ĺɫӰ
򣡡
һĻ˱ɫ̲סе
Ҳս˫֣ĶŲ񷡣
ϣо˿µѹовǾˣɫȴǲûʲô仯˵һһתĸӣһɱƹâŵĸӳңɱ⳯м۶
תۼ䣬һ޴ɱ۶ɣɣʮɡ
ն

䣬ɱĳ죬뵽Ѫ֮ڡ
¡һ죬Ѫӱ飬춼Ѫ⡣
ѪЩŨڱ˵ҰֱѪâɢϵĳ¶˳Ѫ£ɹ°ţɫȴ԰࣬ѪҺʶңߵɱҲƺʱпܱ
򣡡
˱ɫ
Ҳ΢΢һеĵ֮ɫŨˣ˵Ļᡣ
Ц𣬲֮ϣ궢죺˵ˣԶԶǶ֣ѱ뱾𿹺⣬Ψһ죬Ϊһɴ̹ǵɭ䣬ͬһĶߡ
Ѫɫƽңһ˿мЩ˶ѣΪʤˣ£¡һԭȥɱٴαļȡʹÿռ˲ø
ﬣ
̶תۼ䣬ٴθֳܼɱ⣬ͬһɽгɱ⣬ƺ֮ǰҪ£ղӡϵѪӴȫζȻ˲Ѻۡ
⡭ô£ɱƣӦѾҪ˲ŶԣôַâôǿɫЩɱƣ⡣һ˲䣬ƺʲôʱݺһȵȣơ񣬺ġɱ󣡣


492 նɱ
Ĺھ֮ϣΪߵʥڣʮڲżĳżŵйɱĲȱһƺ˿ǳƣƸӾ߱Ρ
һһĨâ˾Ȼʶɱ󣿣
ı仯ʱһʱȷԼеĲ롣
⣬ȷʵɱ
㡭㣬ôɱǻĹڣûɱ硣
ļ¡
ɱǿǾŴ֮һ֮ɣ
Ĺ
һĨâһĸּС
ھ֮ϵܿ£
ûٶ룬һ˲˲Ķס˶Ļ꣬Ųһ磬ֱӱ˹ȥң粽ϣߵһɱĽŲܼɱͬһ񽣣϶Ҫոɸӡ
ˣ
߶ʯһɹʯڳֱѹһռ䡣
ƼӳֹƷԺƷ⡣
ֻʼ񽣶Կӭܼɱ⣬Ĳ񽣵ɹʱûңʯɹֱӸ˳ȥңʯɹɢԲһ˿ĸ첲ʱҽһŵŵźˡ
ûжƵһɱٴγŶĻѹȥ
һɱƣżеЩأһʱˣûŵֵǳԶߡν˵Ӱϳɱƺսʱ糱ˮȥֻüˣǿɱ󰡣ǾŴ֮һʴռɱ󣬺ųƿɱ㰡
⡭
ʦˣȻڡӣ
ôܣ
һڱʿˡ
˺ͼ¶ϲɫû뵽ս־Ȼת֮졣
ģ
˴С
䣡
ϣɱһնһƬƬռ䡣
ǚiͷʯâʢһνƷңҲʱʩչر̧ǿн񽣿ץ˹ֱ֮ӽɽϵľӡĨ˸ɾ
ԶȳһѪʱŭȻЯһɱɱʱɫʱֱò԰

ŭ𣬼ӶݡȻУҲڴ߶ѪӴһʱ䣬ѪӴٴζһѪɫɱ⳯նΪ걾˿־ͻңѪӴնɱʱ˲١
һӰȻǰ׼ҵĴ
һӰѹ£ֱӽеѪӴɱ
΢΢ƫͷͷʯâţĵ⡣
ĵƿնȥתۼն޻ʹĶĸ




ĵ촫޻ʹĽǣĶʱ顣
֮޻ʹУϵƶʱԱ鵭ѪӴɱҲɲǼתһ΢΢һƬ֮ͬһУ޻ʹеѪӴȫ顣
һ־ŭ㡭
ᣬѪӴ󶼱ˡ
ˡ

£ϣܼĹ֣֮Щֻ֮򵥵ƽƣսĹȻӡ£һȫգԹ֮ķʽתۼ佫
ƣ㡭ʲôʱ̵ģ
󾪡
ʲôʱӡģҪ𣡡

жһ׼ɽһɾȥֱֱıüġ
ɫ䣬һŭâ貣ɢޱȻӡµĽƸƬұߺܣ˱ɱһɱһˣȴҲǸ˲СĴֱۣ۱ն
Ļ˵ڣʲôҿ⡣

ıĮ粽ǰ׼ɽһһâնԷ
һΪһ֮ͨնĽ
㡭
죬ŭĲУһɱʱȴǲ־塣
ЦһնΪ֮һ
⽻֯һɱͷſƷʯһ׼ɽݲν£ƵĻܣѪĴˡ

ۣ
㣬

飡
ϣƵĪƣһδν߷ɣڶԷϸµĽۣ֮ƵǱת֮䣬ѪȾˡ
һĻ޻ʹڵһڱʿסˣȫԭء
ʦܣˡ
૵
޹һĻֻüˣ·Ҫֹͣ
ЩˣʹڣǺܸˡ
꣡
˴С
ϣ飬һδνնˣԷش

һŭԭѾֻһ֮ңȴͻȻһ̨һ̨˸ܱߵնʱŤ
ǣ
ɫ
ϵ磬޼ŵʱǣռ䴫
ң̨Ĳ޼ڲǫ̇̄ǿˡ
˲Ͳµˣľǿռ䴫ǫ̃Ҫֶһ̣棬꿪ڣĶ죺Ķţ´ټض֮أҪ
ˣ
Ż껰䣬ŤĸԼ䣬һŻҪ
ɫٱ䣬ʱһǚiʩչޣԪȫ
˵һüĹâţʶ춼ǺڰꡣЩͬɱ󽣰ٶȿ쵽ޣգۼͻƿռľڻ⣬һķüġ

ҽУ׻һɳȥ

˫Ѫ˿ȴǿʹ࣬µһֻ֣ǽҪŻץȥȻҲʱܼɱֱӽĴնѪͬʱҲʱմ̨նķѡ
һȥ·
ŭ־ֿ֡ӾΪĹһλĺˣȴҲֻĿռ䴫̨һڽٵһʱĵˣһ׼ؾʱãڣȴǱնˡͨɾ簡ܿﵽھ죬ﵽ졣
ȥһ˹Ľ֣
һ׼ɽжʱ¶־ı飺㲻ɱңǻĹһλĺˣɱң㲻к³ģ죬סĶ£ţŹңɱң֮Ҹĺô
첻мǷ̣Ұ׳𣿲ɱ㣬Ժɱң
ģҡ
ۣ
еĽ£ֱӽͷ­ն


493 
ͷʬ׹䣬һ޻ʹ棬ѪҺϴӺ
һĻ˶ˡ
ʦˣ
ˣ
⣬ôᣬô
һڱʿȫסˡ
Զ޹ǰı񿦵һ飬һƨ˵ϣɪɪ
ʱ˺ͼ궼ˣ졭ɱһͨɶڣ
˰򣡡
˼ס˸ͨɾǿ߰ڷԣֱһĴڣ񣬾ǰһնɱһǿߣ
Ҳ죬նɱͨɾڵʵ
ϣƫͷżһЦʯ׼ɽ½䡣
ڻͷʬԱߣעʬ
ʵϣҪɱ꣬˵ǳѣϾԷͨɵڶǿߣһһλ߽׿ʦȫһս¹˭ĺ˵Էʶɱ󣬶ʱ˿־֮УҲҺӲսȫ˥䵽˵͹ȣֻ֪Ӵܣһűڶʱնɱ
һ㣬ִӲ˾ŴĿ£ֻһȱһǿĵǰ־壬ʧȥս⣬ĵŴʱǶôĿ£ضֻֿѹ޵дڣѹϰ˻ĵ治Ǵ˵
Ǿˣôֲ
оâ̧֯ͷ񷣺ϣĹǰʳǿʦ᳤ἰϲĿʦһʲôͼû뵽ͼȻô󣬾Ȼķ޾£ټǿĿʦڿӡһڲԴƿʮصıݣҪǣԴǵ꣬ʵڲ˵
ڹȥЩʦԸ£һЩߣĳЩأһЩʦ֪ȻֻǵЩʦһֲõԤУֻϲʦһĳͼھȴǲ֪
۾λصһ򣬻Ƿ˸˲õĴܰ
˶٣ҡҡͷʬڶԷʬҵһöȾѪʯ䣬֮ȡ˹ԪһɨʱöʯڵĿռЩˣȻңĶЩˡ
ʶУŲٵҩƷıвƷǳࡣȻЩҪģҪǣʯҵ˲ͨرе֣ɻб˪ͨ
̫ǿҲղصͦʢ

ʯƷϵıʮͨرһھ޴ĲƸˣӦǻЩӸռġƷϵıֵǲ˵ܾˣʮͨȻڵûʲôЩͨȴԽ꣬ͷЩ֮ǰӶԷжȡƷɽǿеõ׼ɽЩһ𣬼ֱԳƵһڴ󱦲ˡ
ʯ׼Ժ
򣡡
˹
ʵû°ɣ֮ǰǷ֣˲ˡ
ҡͷЦСˣ¡
ʵս٣һսܵȻᣬȴ治ʲô
ͷ¶񾲵ЦǷ
һʱ䣬˽ƫͷ޻ʹǰ
޻ʹǰ޾һӭ˵Ŀ⣬ӭĿ⣬ɵúݺһֻоԼһ㣬ǿ־֮ɫ
粽ǰȥ˺ͼ
ǰвٱʿͽ죬ʵǴ˿̼ȴǸȫÿЦʦնˣħһ£ڼʶ˸ղǼҵһս֮󣬻˭ǰȫ
ܿ죬޾ǰ
㡭㡭
޾еĿ־֮ɫŨ
ڣԺú̸̸˰ɣ

̸㣬̸ʲô
޾
ߣдźŭ𣬺ȵ޹ٵǱ׹ʮǳأʮǳ޹İգ˵ҽҪ̸ʲô
޾һֻǻֵ̿Ķ졣
µıȻǻ꣬Ҳǰף޿ɱܡҲɱ㣬⳥ٲ˵ģ޻һĵ̽豱׻ң⣬ʮǳأҹ׹Ǹ£ˣ
ԣ޾ĸ޻һĵ̣ʮǳ⳥һ޹ǰ˰ˣ޾ȴǸκηԵֻõͷͬ⣺ûûûţͻһսǵħҪٵ޻ʹ֪ʵ£޹ﻹзǴǸԼҲڡ
ã֮ڣϣܰЩá
֮û˵ʲôֱתȥ
˸Աߣܿ죬˵Ӱʧ޻ʹڣҲʱ޻ʹڣ˽һ·ħ뿪˰㡣޹ֱӿȳһھѪ˹ȥʿæ˹ȥ

߳޻ʹûֱͣ뿪޻ʳǣű׹ء
㣬ôôǿ󣿣
·ϣ˶죬Ӷ˳ǹͳݡ
Ϊš
Ц
һûʲôԵúڡ
ǽ򣬰ŹԽһ¡
˺Ц

Ц
꿴ˣƯϹ񾲵Цûд졣
պ˷ر߾ı׹Ӫ
ڻˣû¾ͺãû¾ͺã
ͼԶɽӭ˳
û˴еĽֻ֣ǼƽѾǳĸˡϾȥ޻ͥЩ˿ɶǵĵ˯žڣ⼸գ޹ıʿûнףʹ˵ԵԷɲ١
û£ôû£ɴˣ
˵
£˽޻ʹڴһһͼԶɽɫ䣬죬޻ʹȻһˣɱһͨɾĴڣ
ԶɽѵƫͷԼŮ
үү

£Զɽľˡ
жж
Զɽп
ʮѣѾʵ
ǼἰҪ޹һĻҵ̸׻ңҸʮǳظ׹ʱ˸⣬Ҫ֪һҶԿĲƸ񣺡лллл
ѣӦ¡
æֹסĶ
岻˼ͷҽˣ⣬ʵǡ£Ա׹Ժķչش壬Ϊ׹ĵʵڲ֪˵ʲôԼĵĸм
ˣȥɣ֮ǰǿ˵õ׼ء
Ц
һһ
صͷ
һգһ˷ر׹ķʱص׻ʳǡ
Ƿصĵ죬Ա׹ݷ޹սսᣬԱ׹ʤգ޹ʮǳأ⳥һ޹̸׻ңһṫ׹Ǹñ׻ʳһ˽¶ϲɫ
ң֮ٴηͱ׻еһ𣬷Ϊ׹棬ӵкͱ׹ʼͬȵȨʱ׹µĵ۾ӵϵȨȱ׹ĵ
׻ʹº󣬲ɵÿЦЩ˰
һҲû㣬һΣ׹һᱻ𣬱װձؽѣŵ˵ұ׹ˡ˵ţͻȻЩ˼˵ƺŶ϶һҲûС
ҡͷЦҪ塣


494 ټ
һȷʵǰ˱׻һæ׻һŵȫֱмڻʹھ磬ΪأȻҲΪԶɽء
ûڻʹ೤ʱ䣬ú뿪ˣͼһصڡ
һգܿȥǳ֡
һڽһ¥ϵǳ£оâ˸ʱʱ΢΢üһΣɱ꣬ԷԵھĻĹ˵һܴ鷳ˣպҵ
ȻھϣĹҲľ򡣡

磬ڵʵ̫ˣĴвĳ뢡
Ų񷣬оâտտʵҪʵУֻҪǿʵȻպĹҲȫüɵǿսѹɡ
ʲôأ
һ
һߵϸ¥ֻ¶һԴ
ûʲôֻ¶ͷо͵
Ȥ
˵ʲôأ
ԡ
ż֣˲¥ϵǳյԵ÷ǳܰ
ȥҿȻ׼طǡ
˵
֪ǰǷǵˣҼǵ˵㻹һá
ͷϦɵ¶͵Ц
Ұһܺõչ˵統ĺְܲ
˵
ϦȷʵЩΣƬʱϦչСŮܹɺܶ£ǿˣҲչϦֻһζһֱϦһ֪һ㣬ȴҲûа취Ҫ·ߣҪӵǿʵͱһһϲȥ£뽫ϦߣΪϦİȫȴòͷ
ԣչϦϦĺô
ʵġȻеᣬҲԼ£ң֪ڲΪԺܸõţǿΪֻӵǿʵܱҲʿǿʿͬΪʿ˽죬Ȼ֪뷨
΢ЦԴȷʵôģܸ
ԴоСƵģҲСˡ
Ц
Ҽǵʮ꣬ʮŮСӡ
˵
귭ۣʮƵġ
ݸû˵ʲôͼһ𣬰Ų񷣬ǿ¡
һΣʮƮ
Һһȥ
С
£漴ͷð
¶ϲɫܿĵӡ
ЦЦŲϵǿգ£һʱ䣬뵽˺ܶܶࡣ
ԺиֳӰֱһ࣬վټˡ
ܿ죬һҹȥ
ʱ֣߳ȥҡõһЩ似ͱ˳ȡ֮λʹҲ̵һ;żߵĵλһ;ͻͽѾٲȻǻʳǵһ̼͵һ塣
õܵܣӭӭΪǽء
һϮɫȹĹյĳջ󣬴һ˵ζǰȻһ֮ȴ˿Ҳû峤ϣȥǰ㣬ֱۣһİжûУһֻ˵С
ǡ
Ц
ѾǵǸСëһһεսľѾĥµļޱȣֱۣһҲûоΣԵ÷ǳݡ⵹ۣûеϷʱ˼ˣԼɿֱۡ
㣬ֵ½ˡ
˺Ц
ִ򣡡
ֱһƸԴϡ
ʷ˲٣ҵһЩԳһǷǳ顣Ҫ֪Ǳ׹棬ȱ׵ȨҪ󣬶˵ǴӴ˵еڻվΣͨǿ߶նɱҵЩܲ飿
Լʱ˸뿪ң»ص˽
ʱֵʱ
𣿡

ûȥңڽ׼һЩϾǺȥǼúͺѣܸ׼һЩǡ׼Щֽ˫ǣ˳ιʳʹƥ񶼺㡣
żԱߵƥƥӣּԱߵһЩĲϣʱ֪ѾιƥȻҲ֪ôԭιǾʮ㣬˲ܾϵǡ
лл
˵
ż꣬ЩжŮ񾲶ׯҺģ֪ϦϲȥңڽιƥкȡҪ֪Щ£ȥҲǿԵģȴΪ
˵
귭ۡ
Щ˼ӺףЦŵҲǣҽˡ
𣿡
дźŨĹҪãǴԵı顣
ݸ̲סЦ
߰ɣھߡ
˵
Զɽڱ׻ʹ콻ĹܼҸ֪ϽԼͼȥ󣬱ͼż뿪ʳǣŷǶȥǾʳЩԶҪ죬ͼɲһ㣬ֻһʱ͵ˡ
ڻˡ
ŷǵĳţ¶Ц⡣
ҵڶ

ǵãһǱϽ
Ǹʱ˺صˣǳﱻȣ̶һԵ
ͼ경ڣЩңһò˵ƥݣͨȷʵЩ£ĹڼǣȥʱǾһ£ĵǣƥõȥУƥͻȻߣҪ֪ƥǷǳǿް
ͼ뿪ڷڣž丮ȥϴطһߺܿϳ죬һǴʧɫǵˣʱһ֮Ȼֻˣң߾һ޵Ů
ܳ
͵Ц
;߹ţÿ˶Ƕָָ㣬ηı顣
ðɡ
쵭Ц
ż꣬ܿ丮ֱӿ븮ڣʣλþ丮һڵľڼżߣЩ丮ĵɸ˫ĿԲȫòסˣ̲סŴ͡
⡭Ư
ǣʦһƯˣԣʦ㻹Ư
ȥˣ
丮ڣ˶ͼꡣ
쵹ûô⣬ż꣬ܿ丮һľĶСԺǾ丮೤ϾסĵطȻΪ೤ϻסھ丮ĳϸطǳ˽ס֮ǰΡ
ͼ׼ƿԺСΧԺڵӵľűǴ֨һ죬ľűƿһȹŮ˳ŮĳƮݵں󱳣ഺϢĵ棬ĸƯˡ
֡
򿪷ż죬浱һϲĿԱߵļʱϵϲɫʱסˡ


495 Ⱦǧ
һ࣬ټ棬ܸˣʱ潩ı飬ȻܲµЩʲôʱҲЩΣֻڨڨĵƯˡȻйһ˵ĳɷ֣˵ȴʵȷʵƯˣȼ١
꿴棬ŶԷı仯һʱ䣬΢΢Щݡ
㶵ż꣬۾һգҲգĻһ㷴ӦҲûС
棿棿
ȴûʲôӦֻý˵ڶ
ŶŶع΢ԵЩңǸСϦ˯Լȥɣʦе£ȹȥһ¡˵꣬СԺߣԺǰȴԵ÷ǳŤ۹ʱʱƮԱߵļꡣ
ʱԶнŲ
ʯһ̽һЩ£һ߳ܿСԺǰ
ϣʯϡ
ǿˣæǰ˼
丮УʯǾȹǲȻڿ˵ʱĪˡ֮ھ丮еҲǷǳչΪͷȶ飬һֱģ˺ܾء
֣죿
죬ʯһ㶣漴¶ϲɫЩǾ丮ɫĵӣǶǷǳ⣬ǰһΣҪȥУᵢܾãҴһعȥٴμ죬˺ܸˡ
λǰá
ǰ
ʯǶżͷ飬棬Щ𱸵ĵѾͷſ˻һվԺ˽ȥ
ͣҲǸճ׼ȥ
ţ£һ㶣û
죺û
棬˸¡
ˣ߷ߵĵһۣתܻӡ
죬ࣺ
ʯЦһҲڣ࣬ķۣɶ
һ㶣漴Ц˲ˡ
죬ȥ
ͼ
ͷõĳϡ
лһ𣬿СԺ
ȥһһգСԺ¼ϦСŮĸˮˣǸС㣬ֱ˹ƯĴ۾ĵᣬǿѹСѾͷô󣬴ûкֳֿôá
СϦʮˣˡʱ䣬ûߣĶԲ𡣡
Ǹ
§СŮ簮ϧֱӽΧ˶ӵˡ
ǵõոƬʱһжãȻһײǽĸоǸʱСŮŰ࣬ȴչΪϴΪӲߣʱǰŵվ̨ߣǰ֣ǾΡ
Ҫ£СϦ֪ģСϦӦָ֧硣
СŮܶ¡
⻰ӾΣӶЩᡣ
ʮѣʼСŮһֱܹɣÿÿΪǡ
ᣬ˹СŮıӡ
ǰӣϦкȡƯΪһ׽׵Ĺȹְȹǳһ㣬ټı׹ҲֻлҵĹʸӵУΪǼԶɽŮСʱõ׻͹⹫ȹһֱûдԼĹ뷿֮ǰ֪Ϧʮ꣬õȹʱһģһǲŽ֮˳һ֮ΪϦ
Աߣ⹫ȹʯһԲĿ˼һۡΪ丮ĳϣ丮Ǳ׻֧䣬֪⹫ȹļֵû뵽һμŮȻͳݺܲ
лл㡣
Ϧĵ
ò˵겻˺ƯԸҲܺãǳ񾲣Ȼż棬ȴǺϦϲܿͺϦһ𡣲СŮʱߣԵʱ䣬ñطֳԵʱ仹ࡣ
һǰݳһƯƷãҽм꣬Ȼǵһμ棬Ǿ㡣ⷢȻҲһ㣬ҲǱ׻ֻͣб׻ҵĹʸǰ궼û
Щɣ졣
΢Цͷ
Щ˼Ľ˹ллҽ档
ܸʶ㡣
΢Ц
ʱĺܿ죬˲͵ҹҹʱ֣죬Ϧ꣬棬ʯ˾СԺЩʯͻȥˡһʰ꣬ϦҲ׷һ𣬽ӣæȴǱ˹ȥ
߳СԺӣҲ
ܿ죬뿪ԺӺԶ
ǿϣºǳ֯ΪƬһɫĹԡ
һξ룬ͣ
ϣ£
ʵ
ͷ죬ЦСһ㣬ǳ㣬丮Դʼţǰţûȡ˵ţԼ˰֣˵ʵֻΪͽ̸̸
΢㶣ʱµЩʲô
죬Ϲͷʲôί񣬾˵ֱһ㣬ҺʯܿѾͷǱиģݸ飬ھ丮ʱˣŮƤӱ˵ڰˣܸо
̸£ܼ򵥣ѾͷҲи飬Ժ󣬺úôûǷĸ飬ңתģ˫á
ܿǸŮѾ飬һ㣬ûʲôһ;༸ղûʲôˣʷǷǳ¡죬˵룬λúӦֻ뿪ȥУ뿪ǰϣܰµ뷨ҡ
죬ɫЩ֣أϾΨһĵӣŮһ㡣
Ĭͷϣ뿪ǰһһ𰸡
ͷ¶Ц⡣
СԺ˽ӽʱ£·СԺӣȥʱ򣬼꣬ϦһվǷǳĺãһ˰㡣
Ϣ
ЦЦ߻ӡ
Ϧӣһ˽ȥ
߽ӣú˳
ǳ鲼¸߹ңԺһʯ£ա
ܺãӹɵ£ҲǺҪˣͼϦһҪȻҲи飬ֻǣ֪Ӧ꽲˵ʷ϶պǣɾᡣ뵽˰Ǹ콾Ůͬи飬ҲͬЩᣬ֪ôȥԡ
ʱһŰֽƮƯ壬ǡǰ
棬ǸܺúܺõĹǳãи飬ҪǣûĸŮΪչһ֮ãáҲǰԵŮĵ۹ǧ㣬Ⱦǧ򱶡֡


496 Ƭ
겻ɵܴϻۣĵһ棬ʹı仯֪С
Űֽϵּֽ΢΢¡
лл
СĽֽ
ûκԸͱ˷Լİˣˣǳж
·ϣúˣ򸴺
ǿգȻڶ콾ŮҲԺúˡ

丮ڣƮһƬƬҶӡ
ûлӣ˫ֱźףԺĴʯ
Ųϵǿ£һƬؼһһľ
˫ۣ΢΢С
ܿ죬һҹȥ
ϣһֳðΪƬµԡ
磡
һ
ϦˣȻԺĴʯϣܹȥ졣
ۣϦ¶Ц
СϦ硣
ռ䣬ֱ˯ˣ޷ɣСŮ߹ҡͷΪʿԼЩˣҲúԴӿ޵·δҹǰɹо˶ˡ
Ϧĵս˵˯ãÿ춼ġ
ݸСŮԴ
ȥܣ
Ϧ
ʲô
СŮ⡣
һЦƬ磬ƺûг˵
͵糿ȥܲ塣
СŮȻǸ˵ĵͷֳһܲһǼ˼¡
£СŮ߳СԺӣž丮СܣֱһʱִϦصСԺӣǵãʱ͵ʱˡΪղʳüʣǺһÿһϧ
СԺڰڷһСԲʯһҲˣһЩ£ȻҲʹá糿ķ˺ܼ򵥣ϡˣΧһ𣬵һܰгĸоΨıЩԣܲȻ
꣬ͷ
΢΢һЦ࣬ϣȥУȻСϦҲһߡúȷʵٴ뿪Ƭ֮ǰϦһȥĹȣֻҪڣĹһΪͽ
ȣ
ʱɿ
һ㶣ܿ¶Ц⣬ǸõĴ𰸡
ԣԺͽˡ

ͷ棬ʰһ¶գǾ뿪
ۣǺ˭˭Ҫȥˣʹҵ˼𣡡
һΪʦΪʦѾӦˣûлؾء
Ц
ϵĵͷ⻰˵Ķԡ
ۣ죬ս˿ӡ
ļЦȥĹУҲĹУԺ㣬㲻µģСϦҲһȥĹȡ
ŮӣȻ֪ȥĹȣΪϾƹĵӣĹһӣȫû¡ңû죬ֻҪԼڣҲһĹ棬ϾĹң汾ҲѾﵽʶ磬Ǻܲˡ
ſڣ糺죬˵
ˣôľˡ
Ц
ȻǴ£
ʯЦ
ҲЦͽܣͺŮһһʯ
ٷܰꡣ
ˣͷ丮ڵӽ£ҿɡ
ʯȻ
һĨһʱ䣬丮׼Ϊ丮еӽһ·ϵļ֮ĵҪһ·ϵĸʯһֱ£ʯô˵Ƕݡ
ȣǿ󣬿ĳʯǿǰ˾丮׵Ժʹ˵еţǳḻΣ丮Ӽͬ䣬ҲǾ丮ӣȥΪ丮ӽ丮С
죬𣿡
죬¼һ¡
Ȼû⡣
ͷ
ھ丮УʯȻûоܾɡ
糿ķ˹ȥһʰ꣬Ϊ丮ڵӽһ;֮¡ʵϲҪʲôԣΪһЩĵӽ֮·ʵ̫ˡ
ܿ죬һչȥ
һ죬ո𣬾丮䳡һ̨䳡ˣ丮еĵȫԺҲȫˣΪ˵ľ丮Žţڴ˵еС
ڴ˵еУ
ǿɲλʦ֣ǴֹʳǣңдţʦƺǱ׹ȹһѣ׻ҷΪ׹棬ڱ׹Ȩȱ׵Ҫ󣬿ɱȼ籱׹Ĵʼ֮ˡ
ʲô£
ӦüٲˣǴӻʳﴫġ
׹棬⡭Ǳ׹ʼۻΪǽ
ɲǣ
䳡ϣ丮Ӹ
ҲˣСϦߣȫǰ̨
һ
ֹ꣬һѣѾȡĳɾ͡
ɡ
Ц
û˵ʲôֻǵͷҲЩâ˸
ð
Ϧܿġ
Ӻ̨䳡ĺ䶯丮źһһڴˣԵúƽŵЦ⣬Ϊ丮ĵӽΪҲЩԼ·ϵĸо飬ǿڣ򣬶ЩͨʿԣһĲƸ߲·
һ죬ֱƻʱ֣ⳡŽᣬдл
ÿ

Ӿ丮߳ھ丮֮ΪӦ¡
Ͼھ丮ѧ˲٣˵丮ж
һ죬ܿҹ
ʱ֣˶˯£Ӿ丮ڿն𣬽Ųһξʧ丮ڡԼʱһƬԭʼɭǰȻǷĺڰɭ֡ڿսڰɭڣһϤĵطڷʱںڰɭһŮϾ飬ϣܹٴμ
ڵڶμϾ֪ԷǸ˲õˣڵڶʱԷֻһ־ŵ۷ڤħߣɴˣѾԲµõСϣںڰɭĸ߹Ůǻ羳ϴڡ
ûнϾ鵱޵еУϾ黹ʱǸŮɾͬ飬ǵ˫ͬ۾ƯֻǵٴμԷֻͶԷ˵˵졣
ֻǣЩվԸ߹һƬƬоϾϢԷӰ
Сϡ
ɨƬ֣Ƭ̺ת뿪ҹɫһԶȥ
紵ҡҷ졣
ʧԶ˲Ϣڰɭڣһ˫Ư۾ңıӰڼ㣬ֻǰ·ǿˣ㡣ǿ·ϣһзģõĻĹǼ֣Ƭҡ


497 
Ϊ羳ϴڣڻصƬĵһ˲䣬ϾѾоˣ֮һ£ĸ֪У޹ɱĹǸۿʦڽϿʱ¶ĵǡ
·棬ǸΪ
ƮںڰɭС
Ư۾պϣڰɭһ˲·ʧȥɫʣʮڼžʧ

ص丮ʱɫɰǳ鲼
ûϢСԺĴʯ£ۣܿ˯˹ȥ
գɫϦʯͷѡ
磬˵Ľǳȥ档
Ϧ
ϦѾʮ꣬ʮСŮѾˣ仹ƲͤͤͬŮҪˮ飬챻ѣϦԴù糿ķ˺󣬱ǽϼһ߳丮ȥ
ǽֵϣߵС̷ܶࡣڼļ£Ϧ컻˼ͳĹȹڴϣٲȻһ幫ڳУķߵڸ¶޵ı顣Щͨ˲֪ȹļֵֻΪϦŹȹʱĺܺʣȻĹ
ս㣬Ǳߺ֡
㣬ȥ𡣡
Ϧ
棬һһǣСŮڽֵϣʵһ
ŮȻ˵Ů棬ʵϣڹ£ίʵôóϾǸ䵱˵ĻУȥ˷ǵĿʦᣬݷ¸Ҳ򹫻ǰ̨ŮСá
ȻǵؼңҲȥһˣھ丮ʱصּҵļҲؼϣǴЩͨҶѾûжôɾûжôչУȻȥʽһ¡
һۣչȥ
һ죬׼뿪ˡ
λǰһЩӦöպܹһЩô
ȡһЩƷʯЩֵǷѪͳ߾磬ŷǳЧáȡƷ𣬽֮ʯȼıڵѾ㲻ʲôˡ
⡭̫ˣҪ
ҡͷ
ʯҲҡͷƷƷóȥһۡ
ʲô벻ҪƳ١

գļ£ʯŽ¡
ʱ֣죬Ϧ꣬棬߳丮ȥǣƥ׼ػʳǡڷ⣬ʯˣҪĿ뿪
ʦأһ᳣ġʯϣҲء

ھ丮Ҳǹһˣһֱչˡ
ʯͷõǣȥţúоǡ
ʯүүүүټСϦǵġ
Ϧ
ҪһߣܿģʯֱСŮҲЩ˸Уһھ丮ϿǶܺãŮһ
ԡ
СŮԴҲ簮
ΪСŮȷʵϲ
λϣء
˸
ء
ʯͷ죬ο
丮һһţһֵˡ
ͷ
ƥϦͬһƥͬһƥ
ܿ죬˻̳˲ϢԶȥ
ж
࿴뿪ıӰ˾䡣
ɲǣ㱦ͽܶˡ
ʯȡЦ
ӴЦž丮߻ء

죬Ϧ棬꣬˼Ԧƥһպص˻ʳǡ
صʳǺ첢ûдãֻǴϦһ𣬺ϤѸ𣬺ͼԶɽڵڶգ뿪ʳǣĹȶȥ
ˣһºһƬĹȳǰ
Ưѽ
Ϧգգۡ
濴ȥܹĹڵķ羰࣬ˣŽҲɱȾ丮ǵȵطҪˣֻǱɽһǣҲԶǾ丮ɱȡ
߰ɡ

мУһΣĹĵû˼򵥽Ĺȡ
ĹڣͦΣǳŲ̃ͤ¥һׯϺ͹
ţ
澪ȡ
Ĺȶԣ丮ʲô㲻ϡ
ȣԺܿ硣
Ц
Ĺǻ㲻͵ڶһЩȣʲôȥϹһǴʥȣǾ͸μ穣֮
ϦȺ󣬼·ֱȥĹ⡣
Ȼû⡣
˫ЦŵͷϾƹΨһӣһӣȻûκȥܾ
һհʦҲ˫£ΪһĹڶӡ
󣬼Դ棬ݷĹڵһͬţĹȵӾȲѡҪ֪ĹȴʼһһĹһֻһӣһĹȴ˵ڶӣʵӲ졣
죬ĹȴǶ𾴵ĺкǹ״ӣλǱͨ˸ߺܶ౶ȻȻ˶дͬļһ㣬ǫ飬һͬŻһǻ˵ľء
Ȼͬһʱ䣬ҲǽСϦߣΪĹȵͬǽܡСŮܹɣͺһһ㣬ɰĹһŮӸеĻϲѣһͳɲݣС彣ʲôģһöСʯ䡣
СƯ
Ժ󣬳ҽ档
ǡ
ͼϵܺõʷɵȼŮӶϦߣ϶Цݡ
ܿ죬ɫ䰵ǽӽƻ衣
Ĺһܺõĵϣǽӽƻ裬ڵĹɺ
ûżŮһ𣬱ϾҪݷõĶĹȵŮӣţô㣬ֻǵȵϦݷϺ󣬲ҵˡ
С꣬ѾʶأԳվˡ
Ц
˵ţȡһöӨ͸ȻյڵڶʱͰһȥĳҩʦĹ꣬õʮöյȱƷΣʶصʿֱӿղΣҪǣûκθá
ģ
յĹЧǾȣͬʱҲŨŨľϲ
ʿԣվ磬źܴջ
վնˡ
Ȼ
ͷ
£껤ڼ̷յԪЧ
úһɰӼڳʶصıݱƣﵽղΣϤһᣬավ·ɰѼ˻ˣһûֱ֣˵컳תۼ䣬ﵽվˣ
һЦԴ
ȡһöյװһСƿ֮棺ֻʶڶصΪܷյȴﵽʶüΪ㻤ⱦҲڼ̵ʱվ˵ţЦ֮һʱΪ̻㹻ƣٿ԰ٶȣٽĹȳţһһڿվ磬Ҳա
ѽ
ȻǸˣϲĽ˹


498 Ϧϴ
յȡ񽣣ΪڻƷɽѾ֮ڷΪɽ̻ƣʹǱøǿʱ֮棬ÿһƷպá
񽣽һͬƣƣƿƺˡ
ͼ궼һƷòŶûУֵʵ̫ˣ
أ
ʵ
һһɾõġ

ʩչʯ˵С
Сȡڷڿ̺ã֮棬Լ¼ֱͨǱ˪ͻɹ⣬ǷǳʺŮе޹ʹնõʮͨһѡͨͼ꣬ǳʺ
ͨ似ǿ
΢
һ;£涮ö֮࣬˲ٹżȻ֪ͨ

ͷ
ͼ־ϲƷͨǵʵνǷ
ˡǸǲǿСϦʼˣھ丮ʱ֮ǰϦţΪ֪ʲô㣬ԾûижˣֶʿӦһ¡
Ϧգ۾ĵ磬ϦȻʮ꣬Ϊĸ㲻ڣԺܶ£ͬĺҪ࣬ټھ丮ãһ;ϵȻҲİǼᶨ
룬áʿʿҲʿԺӴˣضҲʿԣϦ޵·ǱȻ£ȻעҪ֮·ʮ̤֮·ǷǳʺϵģΪеĻƽ㡣
СϦǿø絣ġ
Ϧ
һ㶣簮֮ɫŨ
ʵ̫ˣ̤·ǿ󣬾ȻֻΪ˲ġ
ϦԴԼΪѰһķ䡣
ţʲô
ɻ
һЦǾ֪ˡ
ô˵涼Щ棬Ǿȥذɣ԰ĹһƬǳĵطΨйʸ룬ǹƽյ֮Ĺ״ӣ˫۰ƽʱҲܽ롣
ܿ죬أмͥڡ
ˣҪʲô
ʵ
һЦһΣһöѪС
Ѫһռʱֳ˵ļǶݡ
ǿǣ
Ů졣
һЦѪȥѪ֮ڼϢ۶Ķ
ѪֵǣڵڶõһöֱͻһС̨סöѪڻصһʱɱһֻãһЩȥѪ⣬̳һöѪõö˿
СϦмϥ£
Ϧ
ϦŶɵͥм䣬ҪѪСȥ
ʱ䣬СŮһǱ˰㡣
ģɡ

Ҳʱ֣ԪӿͬʱҲһӿ˳ϦڣϦöѪģϦѪâ֣ȴɭ෴һַǳʥĲǺҹǿµǹ㡣
ǣ
΢㶡
ϴ衣

ϦöѪҪöѪϦѪ̵ĴϦʡй֪һ;ʼ磬Ƿǳļ࣬Ҫʱʱ׶ĵʹɲСϦҲֿ࣬ѪΪϦǰĥѪ⣬պϦٶȿ죬ҪܵΪʹҲ
˵һּݳ޵ĻӻΪ򵥵һöѪֵǷǳˣȻһЩʶ۷ʿҲۺ죬ȴΪһδ֮·СŮĥѪ⣬ȻǵڶһЩʥشҲû
ˣ
ν֯Ϧ⣬ģϦˮմʪһЩںɫճëɢŵζļ涼һϦʱȴСŮɫǳһֺܵĸо
õģѪڵʣǳ󣬳ȻЩ۹֮ν徳磬һѪ⾭ǵȱǿͣһҲڷЩѪڵ۹֮Ȼ򵥵ѳ׽Щ۹

ȥ˵ڶ󣬶һӴĸ࣬Ҳ˽ĸࡣԪϦѪֱֹȥһʱͣʱϦˮմʪĶںճͤĿһЩ
С꣬Ϧȥԡһ¡
Լ
ͷкһ𣬴ϦȥԼסܿ죬ˮ졣
Ϧٴ߳ʱ˶ˣͬ֬࣬ͬӤ㣬ңСŮѪǿʢ࣬˰㡣
⡭
ȻȣǵΪҲһۿϦѪ֮һЩ۷ʿҪǿƺŵıԡ
СϦоΣ
ʵ
ţñǰˣ˺öࡣ
Ϧ
СŮı仯˵ĺʵڡ
һЦգ罫еĹΪ
΢㶣Ĺȵ𣿡ĹΪƬһţڲĹȻԭǴȡĹõĹϦĹȵĵλû⣬ȴû뵽ȻҪԼϦĹ
ҵĹĹȵĸá
Ц
ƿļеı䣬ûκι֮ȣһ·е۷塣׼ʱ׹Ϧļ
໥һۣ֪ЩأҲͲʲôˡ
ˣɫ磬ȥϢ

ʱѾ鲼ǳѾǵҹ
á
ͷ
뿪ϦĹһСԷڡΪĹ״ӣжľͰĹ˫ҲĹĵӣǺͼһסСԷڣȻϦȻŮһ

һҹܿȥ
䣬ķһʱļһӡϦϦڱļݺ󣬽ٵΪļɲһĹ̺ļֵ̫ˣǲСı˿ǾͲˣСΪϡ
ͬʱһҹҲ̻һٸƣ֮棺ʱ֮üĴʶϵٶȡ׿ʦӡƱ࣬ңӡƣЧҲǿࡣ
ллѽ
˵ĴнӹƣʿȻϣܹеĸ졣
һл

˵һ£ҲӦõ
Цĵ


499 Ĺ
ݸԴջˡ
ȥ
˵ʲôǳƣܿȥˡ촦վ磬ҲﵽվΨ绹ͣҲЩա
磬ȥļ
Ϧ
˵꣬СŮҲܵˣһı顣
СŮܿ΢۰֮ɫ
ЦȥСϦ
ã鷳ˡ
ͷ
ϦȻҲϻۣϾǵһνӴУи˿ţȻǺܺõ¡
鷳
귭°ۣϦ뿪ķȥ
Ů뿪ıӰЦЦĹطȥһ羰
صĹȵǺʣܿչȥ
Уﵽվ±˫˫˵ĲУĹȵĳȫ˳̫ϳҲһ֣ϲ
ʮվ磬ĹԴʼûгֹ콾ӡ
úúã̫ˣ
Ĺ̫ϳϴЦ
Ĺȴϵ˫˸õӣĹ֮
ܿ죬ϢĹȣеӽԾȡ
Сʦأ
ŵӵ羴
˫Լ걾ͺ۰ϲҪֱӽ֮λ¡
һöֱӴʶشﵽղΡ˽ֻʱ˫˵˵յ£ʦҲһöı֮ͳƣţʦһ֮ڣҲܹ뵽վΡ
ʲô
˫ʱ󾪡ͨԣһ󾳽۷һ󾳽磬Ƿǳѵ£Ͼͻһϣ쾹Ȼֱʿʶֱճڵııɻû˵ΪҪǣҲõһöһ֮ҲܿվΪĹһվǿߣʹ˫ûлعʵ̫ϲˡ
һվǿߣƬԣǿǾͷһﰡżﵽվһڣҲܿղΣ⣬ֱΪĹͳվͷĹȵʵ
˫㶣죬ôֶΣ
ǣȻڵʲôΪ
˫ʼꡣ
ֻΪڴ졣

ʲôȻﵽ죿˫־ס˴زȻﵽ죿ĴŵͳˡȻ˫һ£ʼղ˵ֻΪʲô˼ܹĹȹλã˫ȻܴϻۣӼĻУһЩ˼

Щɡ
˫ƯСѾͷ˾ʦȻ˵
һ죬֧֧ŵΪֻ죬սȴǿһͨɳǿ߶Ƕ֡˵֮ǰǱǸġﵽͨɾ̫ϳϣҲնˡ
ʲô
˫ٴδ󾪣˵˵ʲô˫Բһȶûˡ
죬ѣնﵽͨɲεİ̫ϳϣ
ģ
ģ̫ϳϴﵽͨɾȥ˷ڣҪ̲ٵڣɱ˷ںܶˣǸʱǡôӴзأԺܷŭն˰̫ϳϵ˺ֱȥ˰ˡصҵʱ޹Ļʹնһͨɵڶصǿߡ
ЩҲʲôܣټ˫ҲˣԼû
˫ˣ˵Ļʵ̫ˡ
ȵȣǸΪʦһ
˵
գգۣǣʦȳȥ
Ŷţãããȥɡ
˫˶ˣһСһһѣȻ죬ɱͨɾĳˡȻ
治ǸϼһĵӣʦӸò˻ˡ
˫뵽˵ϾƹһЦ
ϣô˴ڣ

ĹȵӣȷʵУصĹȺѾǵˡ
ǰ峿Ϧļ죬ٵӡµļļ໤¿ʼСһ죬мͤڣһɴɢϦڳϦ˫ۣգգ۾Աߵ졣
ͷЦܺá
Ϧܴϻۣʸǲףֻʱ䣬һͨ˴ﵽ죬ǺܾˣҪ֪ͨˮ׼ﵽأԣһҲúķ²УϦȴھˣܾˡȻҲѪΪϦϴĪĹĻϦҲеô˳
СϦһŬ
Ϧ
ЦСŮԴãϦ
ţ
ϦɵĵͷԵúܿģΪֳ
ܿ죬СŮ˫ۣٴ֮С
׶Σͨʿﵽ˼ʹΪʼѪΪСŮϴ裬·׶ΣСŮʹȴǷǳ΢
â֯Ϧ⣬ܿ죬СŮϵϢʼһһıǿ
һ߿ţϴŵЦ

ʱҴңصĹȺתۼǰ¹ȥ
һ죬һ򣬲񷿦һ鿪һŻâ˸
ӰпŻۣżΪŨ겨Ȼ߽׿ʦΪǴڴΣնŤˡ
ٶҵɱߵ˵Ԫף֮ػĹ
һ˵
ͼһˣգһʱӡ
һɫ䡣
䣬˵üĹâʢ嫺һ㣬ƺƵĳɢ
ɢʱǣڰɭڣһ˫ƯĮ
˫һ㣬âһš
ϣͻأֵŻߡ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪըӰӦԶؼ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ϣڰĵڣ˫۾ͬʱ˿
һˣˡ
һ
ˣһ˲䱻նɱ
Ƭ͵򡭡
СһϹʱпˣԷ̬С
óȻȥһϹźͨӣԽһȥܻᱻնɱ
ǣΣɱߵ˵ˣϣƺɱ󡣡
Σ
Ρ֣Į·ǻų㡣
ˣΪĹߵ걻ն󣬵ߵĵڵһʱ俴˻꣬һڣ׽һʿף׽һȱơʵռ壬ɱ
ǣһĻ
ȥһˣߵδ⣬ǣɱ
ڰĴڣһʱž
ɱͨɣ㣬ˣؽȥΧء
һΪĮ
һ˫ǿհ䣬ͬںڶ


500 Ҵһ
Ĺ˽ٵһ£Ȼ֪ӣɹĺʡ
תۼ䣬صĹѾһ¡
һµʱ䣬ϦѾﵽ죬ٶȾ֮⻹ѹµĽǲȻһʱ䣬ϦܻﵽأҲǳпܣü涼пٶȣ̫ˡ
֣ãСϦҲžޡ

Ҳͷһ´ﵽأڿѹƵ£ˡ
䣬УҪѪϴЧеô졣

Ȼϲ˿ԼãȴҲϣСϦ˶
⵹Ҳʵ

ҵøˣ
ȭͷ
һµʱ䣬кŬƣĹĵطУѾǴﵽʶ۷壬ֻ벽ܿʶ졣
͡
Ц
涼ȥˣǴϦߣϦٹһʱ䣬»صڶȥߵԣڵһϣиʱϦˣ֮뿪ҲӰġ
ĿϦһߣգƬƬƻ
ܿ죬ձ䰵һſǳڲϡ
ǳ䣬µһ콵١
һգҵ˫ݳһ׼ɱϿƣ֮£Ƶ޵еıǵ޻ʹڵǿж
ǣ
˫һ
׼ɽֵ̫ˣĴԴʼδйȼı
ҪҪ
˫ҡͷ
һ׼ɱԿɵֵƷ࣬ܵ
ǰԻطڣݶ飬һֱСңС꣬棬ϦĹУԺ󻹵鷳

˵ţȡǴӻͨмʺŮУӡ˳֮˫ĹڵĵС
ӹݹͨ˫ֻɨһۣǵʧɫ
⡭
˫𺳡ͨԽ似Ĵڣ콫ЩĹȣɿĹȵʵͨ͵ȵͨҲĹȰǿ
죬˫ʵڲ֪˵ʲôˡ
⣬ûꡣ
ʱ䣬ΧĹȣӡɱ󣬽Կ׽˫ɱ󣬿նɱͨǿߣɵ֮ˡ
˫ߣ˿̻ĹȵһЩϣĹȵ̫ϳϣĹȵļĵӣԼһЩŵӣΪ⼸գڿĹУ֯ɱ⾪Ĺȣ˶Χһֱӡϡ
Ĺ̫ϳĹڣΪǿȻܸоµɱжǿĻһ㻳ҲûС̫ϳȻֶΣǸм죬ɱ󣬼ɱĹزʢ
죬Ĺ̫ϳϹӣҪдл
ǰ
æֹ
ЩҲΪ˱֤꣬Ϧİȫң˫֮ǰȷʵжνˮ֮ӿȪ౨仰Ĺ׼ɽͨΪĹȿӡɱţЩ¶ԣҲʲô
˫˸뿪ȥչСϦУֻʣĹ
úĹ̫ϳϲŷص̾Ϣ꣬ΪĹȲȫ䣬ĹȵΪĴ֮һÿɫ֮ĵӣĹ׼ͨΪĹȿӡɵǿߵɱĹȣǷʦͽ̫ˣԺ󣬿ܹ尡
˫ĹȳҲ̾Ϣȷʵλ壿
ʦͽ
˫Ц
ʦӸʦĹжӣӶĹж
˫棬һҪú࣬ϧһҲҪúñǣŵһԴб⣬ǸϦСŮҪĺǻ
Ĺ̫ϳ֣ɫ
⣬ˡ
̫ϳϷģ˫֪ô
˫
̫ϳϷģҲס
⼸Ͽڡ
صмͤ¥СϦȶС
СŮܹɣк棬âǳŨСŮѪʢ
һĻǹŵЦ⡣
ܺá
СϦгɹǳ⡣
ʱ⣬һš
תۣ¹ȥ

ڶ򣬰׼ҡ
ҹǿգ£
ôˣôû

뿪ڶѾȥ£ԭΪķһʱ䣬ȴǲ뵽һҲءЩӣÿնŰ׼ҴţϣԿӰոһգϣʼնˡ
´ټ
һ
һûʲô飬Եú࣬һϸС
硣
ﺰ
ͷ׼ȥˣǷҪһ𣿡մȻûǵõĺôҲǾ޴ģ񣬼£ΪѾﵽ죬Ƭȴʥص˺ͼ⣬ѰˣҪøǿϸ򣬱ǱȻ顣
ң
С
ûҪ֮Ҳض򡣡̫壬ǡ˵ţֹס֮ǶʿΪ壬ϱǿӦߵ·ȥһԼõ
죬ǿϣеӳ£ӳǳĶʥࡣ

Ĺȣ䣬յһƬ
񣬾ӵڶصһѾȥһꡣ
һˮš
һ꣬죬꣬棬ʮˣϦʮһꡣ
䣡
ĹڣһɰһӰڿն𣬳ڲϿա
һعվ˲񷡣
ܺá
쵭Ц
ϲ
ҲЦ
ϦҲףһʱ䣬СŮӸЩΪﵽء
Եɢ
һʱ䣬ȥ˷ڣֵͨ˷ʹ÷ڵʵøǿò˵ǣһ䣬Ӧ˵һǰż棬Ϧع׹ֱ׹̫ǿˣ̶һ꣬׹ȻѾͳһƬٵķ׵۹ңڼ伸ûз̫Ѫ
Դˣ첢û˵ʲô
һÿ۹ľҪͳһƬ۹Ծйսֻ˳ɹˡ׻ڽ޹ҵ̺ڽʮǳغʵǱǣνԶ۹Ҫǿ£׻ҵһЩ棬Ȼһͳٵ۹
һҲôֻǡվλϣûκΰ취
ЦŶ˵Ļ
Դˣֻļλıְ仰ﶼã岻սᷳսǣ׻ҵһЩǣȴǶϣе۹ɵ룬ͳһƬڵдΪˣֻս
ٴ뿪ʱһ׼ɽһӡƣ޵С
ͬʱҲһϯ
۹֮£ҶٶһЩ۹۹֮Ƶս԰ҲãһͳƬе۹ҲʧΪһδ棬٣ԳΪֹսҡֻǣУҲϣ׹κνɱ¾¼ǻͨյ£룬Ӧö֪·ѣҲһŹ㣬ϣʼռǵҽյĻ
֮뿪׹Ĺȵ;УȤ죬Ц׼ɽҵ֧֣ٹһʱ䣬Ʊܹһͳе۹Ǹʱɾǵһˣһ򣬽Ϊ𡣡
ʱż꣬Ϧ͡
ڵһѾһꡣ
ûصڶˣȻȥ򡣡



501 ֱ
صһѾܾˣһҴҶãȥڶȥˡ
Ҫǿȥϲ
ңʶеǱ񽣣ڲĽȱҪһһ򣬽񽣵Ľ꼯롣Լ䣬񽣵ǳ󣬶ȱʧĽ꣬ҪȫҵǸʱԵõһȱ챦ǿ
һ죬ҵˣһЩ֪ڵڶе¡
㡭֮ǰȥ˵ڶУ
ôȥģʱŻǻûͨɾΪͨ
澪ȡ
Ϧɫ΢Ȼ磬Ҫ뿪ˣ
СϦԴսߣԺ󣬸绹ٻġҲ߼棬ȥڶϾƹͣϾƹΪҲû棬ܵˡ
ʲôǸʦȻ澳磿
󾪡
Ͼƹӡֻһ㣬ǾϾƹǾζ춼žƣܺ˫е֪Ͼƹǳǿ󣬵ȴҲû뵽ǸȾϾƹȻôǿȻǴ˵еǿߣ
ҪǱʦ֪ˣƻֱɵɡ
Ц
ȻǾȣʦô£Խͨɴ澳
꣬ϼһΪһЩ£ͳ˺ܾãǲȻ£ϼһȻǿ磬Ҳʲô¡
̾£ȷʵϾƹĴ̫ˣûбѾ漣ˡţǻһλãϾƹ£İŮԼǰƻֱӷﻹܹһ뵽߶ȡ
Ҫ𣿡
С
ͼһܲᣬ죬Ҫȥڶ򰡡
̫Զˡ

ǰ֪ȥһطУȴҲţһǴһ򣬵֪Ҫȥڶȥ˱Ȼڶһ򣬿ֻһ֣ǾȴǺεңԶ
⣬ͬ簡
ңҪǣǽرֶ˲ͨһƻʱŻҲԤʾţδ뵽ͨɾܷأ򣬵ǵͨɾȥѰ죬м䣬֪÷ֱʱ䣬̫ˡ
ͨɾ磬ǲңԶǵĸ߶ȣԲͨɣڸߴ

һΣСƿ
СƿУһװö裬һֻװһö衣
ö裬ıÿöһʮꡣһƿеıյϦʶغΪö¡
ƿС
ڵڶõö絤һö֮ǰ˷̫ϳϣԷٵһͻƵͨɲΣʣµһöںָΪö꣬ϦÿһöȻΪǷָԣȻʧһЩöÿһöһʮԪ
յͰһöһöһöööһ佻˷ڣһöϦ
⡭
ĻǴ󾪡
ǶʿȻıжôֶٶңٴҲܻȡĵҪӦ˵޷ȡΪ޷ʱԪ䡣
ˣأûУ
ʵ
ͷȻһеģġ
ʵϣȻѾûıΪŮģԳԼУǰĵ¡
ȻСĵĽƿ
ǿ죬˸
ģܿټ

治˵ʲôҲ֪Ϊʿ϶Ҫϳ壬Ҫϱǿʿע˵·ǲҪԺҪöôôǿǣ˽죬һţһֱͣһڴĥʣնǰ·ǲΪԼȥǿ
ȥϲһжСģȫһ
·ϣһ̫ƽǿУ̣һ¡ţǿ٣ͬڣ㲻κˡ
磬СϦģ棬չ˺Լ
Ϧ
СŮܹɣܷǳԸֳ뿪ȴûп֣Եúܼǿ
ŮСϦֻкůȺġ
պҴĹ뿪ǡ
˵
ͷСϦͷպܰ
ʱȴ⣬ʼżˣתĹȣҲȥ˷ڣ߱Ĺ֣һЦ
ˣգת˲š
һ죬Ĺ֮⣬ǰ꣬棬ϦŮӶߡ
ͬһʱ䣬˫ĹȼϣԼĹȵ̫ϳϣ͡
Ҫ뿪ȥڶ£ûпΪĹȵҪ⼸Ȼ֪
ģС꣬С棬СϦһúտĹҲỤȫ
Ĺ̫ϳ֣صĹȶĳŵ
ǰˣм
л
棬ŮЦϦǰСŮӵ뻳С
ԲСϦ粻ְһֱչ㣬ԭ¸硣

ϦҡͷСϦָġ
ӵСŮκɿ֣СŮԴ
˺󼸲Ĺ˵ͷĿͼϣãԺðչˣǵãҲҪչ˺Լв̫죬ȶɡ
Ůͷϴ΢Ц
˸Уһ𣬲֪´ټֵʲôʱǲߵĲ
лл
ͷϦӰһαû񷣬ʧʡ
ߵĺܿ죬Ϊߵ̫᲻뿪
ʾͷ֣Դ͡
Ĺ̫ϳϵļ£ǵһμչٶȣٶίʵ˾Ĳᡣ
ÿ졣
Ĺ̫ϳϵٶȣ۷ٶҪʮֹ
С꣬С棬СϦ߰ɣС
˫
֪Ů˸У˫Ϲźº͵Цݡ
ͷǳ档
ͷҲ档
Ϧȭ档
ͬ˵ģҪǿǿˣȥ׷Ѱ㼣
ǣֿ̫á

뿪ĹȺգһһӰܿǿһƬ֡
Χ
Ͽգ䣬ȱԵȱԵ걻ã֣վǿҲƿ뵽ڣֻеȵÿĳһضʱΣȵɢǿԽȥ
âһֱӽһɫʱ˸ȻﵽͨɾǣսȴһͨɾǿҪǿϲ٣ƿ


502 
֯һӴ׵ԻһӰվһ㣬һն˹ȥ
¡һ죬ضζ
⣬ɢһ޴Ĺֱ֮ͨڡ
·ɱ򿪡
ƫͷĹȵķдͲᡣ
ԭվƫͷһڡ
ܿ죬£ն·תۼʧ

ͬһ㣬ܳʪڵϣʱʱһӡ
еƮţһùż޵նں
ƽȺûйĶֱգܿ
ڣʱŻĴţɫʣغá
ʯͷϢɣӡƫͷٴγȥſռңĹȵķ
ټһǿܿ

һƾâתȻȻĿʱŻС
ڰ˲ûһУ޾ڰУԵúܰоţΪѾǵνпռ䴩ˡڲ֪ȥ˶úоһζڵİ׼ʼĻʱ𣬽εĻС
ܿ죬ʧĻҲ
ڰɣʱһһţֲ֪˶ãǰй
һŻʱһɴ˳ȥ
⽻֯ŵԣܿͳװ
Լؿڣâðܹоڵİ׼ʼĻܣǳ׵ɢȥˡԭԶ˶٣һл̧ͷǰֻţλһƬĻԭش
һʱŻ˺εȳ̶ȵƻ
ԡ
˵ӵһʱŻͨ뵽ڶ򣬴͵յԭӦڵڶλõʱŻŶԣʵȴˣһһƬڣһΣֱӱ͵һƬԭشίʵǺܲȶ
ҡҡͷûж룬ڿնѰһ󣬱ǳǰȥ
ŵڶ򶫷ȥλãŰ׼ҡ
ܿ죬չȥ
ռ䣬һ·գ쳿ʱ׼֮⡣
֡죿
׼ͥ˴󾪣·ӭ˽ȥ
һǰְ׼ң׼ʼһƲл궼˳׼ʼĲлպ󣬰׼Ҫ֧죬Ҫվһߡ֮ļ׼һЩȥ壬ԼһСƵ㲣ҲǶݣΣʱ򣬰׼һͰ׼ҵһЩϱǳ׿ĳɼڰ׼Ҵϯǰӣ׼Ȼ֪
ǰ׼ҵҪǰ׼ҵĹ͡׼Һܶ˶֪ԼһСϵܣպԻǰ׼ҵĹүԣĵ׼һЩȻԵ÷ǳĿ飬һҲ
ûã׼Ҽӭ˳Լ졣
ȥˣ뿪Ѿ¡
ʱ׼ҼĻش
ȥ˵򣿡
΢㶡
СŮÿŰ׼Ҵţ㷵أһֱûеȵǰ׼ȥ򣬽һˣڵ֮Ҳܼ㡣
׼Ҽ
ԣЩ˼ŰÿŰ׼ָͥжΡ
ȥǡ
˵
⻰׼ҼȻһҲ⣬ϾʣǱȻ£ȥҲϢһɡȻʲôҪĶΪ׼
ͰϵܣΪ˰Ͱһ˴򵽰׼׼ֵļȮڴˣ׼ҼδзŭǶǳм⡣ǰͰĸףΪԼŮƴܲϲأ
ͲҪˣסһ

մӵһ򾭹ʱŻﵽڶдﵽ׼ңЩƣˣʱȥһʱŻĸ϶ܴ
ãΪ׼䡣
׼Ҽͷ
һҹ׼ҼҲ˳ͬһ׼һǿĴҲ߳쳩ã߻˱չ֮
ܿ죬ɢȥ
׼ҼΪ찲ŵķĹ뷿Զҹ˶ٺƿķţװܼ򵥣ǲûеݻķࡣߵǰһƵϿֽÿֽ϶һСˣСؿһ족֣ǱͷǱѹ
죺
ЩգСѾͷǹûлС˱ýᴩؿڵĻ档
С˻ĿСӵĻȲϡ
Ц
ˣȴǴ⣬ЩֽȫյʯС
ɨӰķ䣬ŵζܺš
߳ȥصԼ䡣
һҹܿȥ
峿֮ʱͰ׼Ҽ˸׼ǰȥˡ
һ·˳磬Сġ̫壬壬˵ҲѾȥ˵򡣡
׼Ҽ
һâ漴ŶŰ׼Ҽлˡ
Ӧõġ
׼Ҽ
׼Ҽ˸ſ׼Ҵš
ڰ׼Ҵʲôװ·ڰ׼ڿն𣬳Ÿȥ
תۼ䣬ʧʾͷ
֪´ˣǺεȵľ硣
׼Ҽ

ڶͨʱŻڵڶ򼫶λãܰ׼Ҳڵڶ򶫲ͨʱŻȴŷǳңԶľ롣
Ӱ׼뿪һۣչȥ
ռ䣬ͣͣЪЪʼձ㹻ľڿ˼λá
ȥǰһƬʯְڣûľȴķǳʢ۴̣͵֮޼ȻеҪ̫࣬Ͼһĳɵ֮ôҲͨĵطȵˡ
֪Щ£Ҳ˹żͨʱŻʯʯڣߣУʱʱɳɳЩݼżһŻ꣬ʹÿƮŵĻζǺ¡
첽ƽʯ֣ܿ߳ٶԶ
һ̣ͻȻֹסŲǰ粽
һ󣬺üҡҷţͬǷŵɫ

Į
䣬֮ҲøӼҡ
תۼ䣬ʮȥ
վԭأһҲΨ½ڷаڶ졣
ǲ
һ
ʯڣӰ߳һʯ֣Ѫܶǿʢ
ʮˣңͨɾǿߣ
һؼ䲻ټ֪ضǰˣҵȵ

ʮˣֲ֯һĲԷǷס
̫ͨҡ
Ц


503 ƶ
ʯּ䣬Խӵң졣
վԭأֱȴһƬĮɨЦʮ˸ͨʿҸ˵ǿأǸ˵̫Ҫء
ʮˣѪĶͨɵڶ죬˴ͨ죬ݣЩֲ
Ըĺ
ͨʥһ˵
ĺ첻м̫ͨңǣһ岻ʼң̫ͨԭԩ޳ĩɽȴҪɱңңһˣ̫ɱң̫ϣսܺסˣǲһǿߣ̫ͨ;Ŵ³ɱңһ̫ϣնڣǵ˵ĺˣûһˣ
ʮ˽ɫһȴǸӱ䡣
ϻֱն
ҵһ˵
ֱϵһϣһǰҼ̫ͼͨǿ߸׼ң촳׼ңɱ˳Ҽ̫ˣЩˣɸͨɾǿ߰ʹҵսֱ˴
ңҪǣΪĹϵҺͰ׼ҵֱʧˡ
ҶԣһĪ裡
ʮ˹ǿ羪κһ㣬նЩŤˣ֨졣
ʱԶӰٶȼ졣
λǰԵȣˣ뽻ǡ
һ˵
꣬һ罣һԡ⣬Ǻܲ
̫ʥʥӣ߳С
ͨʥʥӣܡ
ˣ첻ɵۣ⻹ˡ
ˣλǰնɱ
ܵ
ɱ
߳е
ʮǿ죬ܺ߳Ȼ֪һֱڲԶһɽСţоʮɢ˱ȻȻˣԣֱԼٸϹҪԽնɱڽ¡
һУֻΪϴˢ裬ڽڣȥնɱ죬ȴƷֱѹ棬һУȻͷϡҪǿͲ¸ӰҪն죬ϴȥ·ϵħϡ
̫ʥغͨʥصĳ϶üͷһǿ໥ӣ໥˵ͷܺ߳бƷѹ£Ȼ֪ȥ׼ңð׼Ҽ˷˳ڵڽڵ£ҲǴһЩɢ޿д˹ԣȻ˵뷨
λѣǿΣ
̫ʥһˡ
˴죬ˡ
Ȼ
УΪ׵ͨǿߵͷ̫ʥغͨʥضͬһ˼Ȼþܾңܺ߳ȷʵǿ󣬵ɿ壬ǳޣĳɾҲǲһԵûʲôá
ֶɱ졣
л
̫ʥغͨʥؼ˵ͷ
ʮ˿ԲνΧУܣߵĻᡣ
߳бһڴ󽣣䣬粽ǰ
ܻԡ⣬ӵĮǰȥ
ûпˣɨ̫ʥغͨʥصʮͨǿߣǾͲԼһʥӣǰն𡣡ʮͨǿΧܹо޴Σͷ·ѹһʯǣıȴǷǳƽ
̫ʥغͨʥص˽ǱᣬǶڸһʥӣš
ʱ˴ʴʣʲô
ͨʥΪ׵˵
ʲôܿǾͻ֪
ƽ
ƽǿ߽Ǻܲˬ䡣ʮ˸ͨǿݣͨǿҲһüͷԭ뿴Ļſ־ı飬ȴû뵽ȴƽ
Ƿǳʹ죡
ǳƽĺ涪һʯˮ棬ȴһˮ֡
С
һ˺
ʱוּһ߳гǰ粽һȥ
粽ϣ߳罣һ䣬·һ񽣣ɢױȵĿ½⣬ƺҪⷽնն˶Ĳ
ǿǡˣ
һ˵
һͨɵڶǿߣ߳ɢĽ⣬ов
콾
Ϊ׵˵߳УЩ¡Լһ̫壬˱еȻڶҪͬ˭Ϊһһ̫壬ȴսڶ̫ͬĶ֡
СÿÿǽսͶʵǵɱһ飬ϧ
䣬ɱŨ
Ȼоɱ⣬˵ķȥ
ңĶȻҲ˵ĵ
һ̫壬һɱ
˵
Ļƽ·ڳһȻ¡
̬һ˽ŭ
ӣ
ҵһڣ̲סǰһ
ʱ죬̶ǳʹͣ
߳вӲͣӱոŤнâԻ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ϣ߳ߣһ⽣Щ⽣Ԫ۶ǿܵ߳ɢĽӰ죬ʵʵĿ½â
һĻһǿ߶ʱȣͨʥһҲȣƾżɢĽ⣬ȻĿ۳ɽʵίʵЩ¡
̫ʥص˽ǰԵͷ϶Ц⣬⣬ǳ
ıЩֱֱǰ
ﬣ
ֿ߳һӴ̶ܣиֳĽâԽԽ࣬ٵȫɿ۶ɣ߳ȫȫΧУ·һߵػԼĵһ㣬׳ۣȴޱȵˡ
˫ǰ߳йȻ£Ʒ֣˵Ķ֡˴أʱһ֮Ѿﵽ죬սˣϢ֮ڽʱǿ̫̫ࡣ
ȻҲ
ڽʱΪҲ˴
䣡
׹˸Ի֮⽫֮ǣսһ㣬ûжߵȴһŤ֮ܵӰ죬øһɹɾ˵쫷磬Ϊģϯȥ
ƣΰ磡

̫ʥΪ׵һ˺˿ɢƣ˿Ҳ߳вһɹɿ磬Ҳ֮ӱú䡣
΢ıøЩһɿµĲʹʮ˸ͨǿ߽ǲɵòĿΪϢ
ǿ
̫ʥΪ׵˳ʱмˣʮ˸ͨǿ߶΢ͬΣͬΪ㣬˵ǿǵֹʮ
ʮ˵ĿϣǷǳɭɭȻ̹ǡ
գעҪ
Ϊ׵˵
ﬣ
䣡
Ҳʱҵ촫ʮ
м䣬߳кͬʱˣ˻ײһѾһӴĽâϢ۳쫷罻ֱ֯ӱ˴Ƭر
նڽ£
߳Ӻ䡣
֮ڶ֮ǿ㣬֮Ϊĳǰ
ڴˣֻǱĮЦ⣬Ϣݻ١
仰һֲĻ㡣
˵


504 ̫˽
ɫƽȴǴ⣬ڽʱһս߳кͿͬʱ֣Ҫѹ£ɲǡǸʱԪݽߣǰ໤˱ضûзһᱻѹ
ѹĽ֣޷ֻһ
ߣ
һƸǿ֮
߳еø⽣Ƹǿ
ҵĽ棬쫷ȽײʼһӴݱ˴Ƭ
߳п粽罣б졣
һƲ򵥣Ͻ֯ŨԪԪԵԵ÷ǳķͬʱԪһ㣬ռ䶼ˡȻģȴҲ֮
תۼ䣬һǰĲӵĻȥ
Լٶӣ㿪߳һƣ漴ճȭ״Էȥ
ˣ
Ť顣
Ǻǿ󣬱һͨɳǿ߶Ҫһȭ£һħɽƴˡ
߳ɫƺУǰնȥ
ﬣ
ƣһն£ȴʵĽХ˽Ծ
ڣȭײһ𣬺¡һܵյŤ
¡һ˸Ժˡ
߳Բżڵһ̤󽣰㣬ٴγȥ
ЦҲһϲϻˣ߳и޻˵ԵڽɲǣһбѾעǻǵˣֻҪǰ·ѣֻҪ߳նɱĽ£öԷΪʬ塣
ٶȼ죬չͨȭ뽣ײֱⷽպ¡¡
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
˽棬쫷һƬʯеݴ飬ͬһʱ䣬ܵƵӰ죬֮ϣһЩʯз𣬳Ų֮϶ȥȴ˲䱻ǿƸѹķ飬ɳƮɢȥ

ڣҲܲ˵սһ죬һѺۡ
תۼ䣬˱Ƕʮ
ʮͬʱһɲǷ룬ԺʮԶ
ǿˣ
߳кâ˸
ȴˡ

ô˵ȴЩȡվ߳սͨһζԷͰһսȴҲܹо߳еʵڣ߳иӿˣǵƺǲ
߳жʱһٶ˵ʲôɲǼƽգնڴˡ
ԴˣֻǳһЦ
ֻǽѹãգ㲻ôˣ
Įĵ
ƽ˼ȴ˶ףɫһ
ڣǰֻѹ߳УǣҪɱ߳С
߳Ӹӱ罣һ㺧ˣһƬռ䶼Ϊ֮˻
ԪĲǽƵĲ
ߣͬһ񱩵ԪϢ𶯰˻졣
䣡
ǿײ˵ԪڵһʱɢƬضҡ
֣â֮⽻֯ԵЩĿһƬ̵۾ЩģǵٶԽԽ죬ǻһӰڽ棬Уɲչ似ͨģǶ
תۼ䣬ʮȥ
һӰɢһӰ˳ԵЩǱ
߳У
̫ʥص˽һ
ˣ߳У΢ѾѿʺѪˮʳ

ʱ
߳УĮ顣
Ϊ䲻߳Уǣվ߳ǿһߡ
Ƭʯڣң̫ʥصˣǱĶ죬ɱʮ㡣
ڣǺˣǵķʥӱնҪһɱˣ
쵭Į
̫ʥص˵䣬ɱŨ
Сţ
ǿѣ޵һ;վԪҪ
̫£Ψһ
˵
Դˣ챨ŨŨĲм
оǲУαôڣֻķʥӸѿ
Ц
̫ʥصļɫʵЩÿÿ絶һ㡣
ﬣ
ͻȻХޱȴ̶궼΢΢һ
߳죬ЩĽǿֵĻѪȴ˿Ҳ⣬ס󽣵Ľ彣˳ܲһ㣬ϿӡһƷܵ磬ԻڿУɭɭȻ
һɱ
߳𶯳һʱ䣬콣â䡣
ЩâͨĽâ̫ʥص̫󽣹ž̺ͨЩâԻպ¡¡һ·ǻһ㣬֮رݱնķѣǸֳһۡ
ɫƽһչʱֳǧɱǺâ
ɱ
Ϊ׵һһ
̫ʥغͨʥʮҲ΢죬Ȼʩչҵ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Ƭʯڣâһޱȴ̶ص
һɱȫ߳նȥͬһʱ䣬߳е̫âҲˣ˵Ľâײһ𣬽֯ǻ֮⡣
˭Ҳ˭
̫ؽ
̶
וּһ߳еĳ趯Ƭʯֶһʯͻأӵص׳ڲϵı顣һִƣȥмսڣ漸Ѿӵص׳ʯͬǽ֮ľһĵ渡ֳһ޴Ѻۣȫмλá
̫ؽ̫ʥǿ֮ͨһȻֱ
ͨʥһ˵
ûС
һ˵
וּһ̫ؽһչܼʯ𣬷·ʯǿб˽
ǳ£
Ŀһ̫ʥش̫ɱڶ򣬶овԣȻ⣬һΣֱӰεض𣬳Ųȥûд⣬ҲδɵɫʼպĮ
ˣ
ϣһӰȻǰ׼ҵĴ߶˶УӰ̧֣·ңͬһʱ䣬һֶ֧߳ȥ
һξ˵Ķ̫ʥǿ֮һԾͰ׼ҵĴһʱ䣬⻪ȥ߳мʯһı飬Ӱɣͬһʱ䣬ӰҲڹѣһ鿪
ӰɳѪڿС
߳еġ̫ؽͨ飬ѿͷѪⱻ˲١
һҲûкõȥؿȾѪնһĽۡ
ܺãˣɱ˼ʱѪҵĽ
߳
䣬һɸӾ˵ĽɢԲʮɵȫС
ǰڷ쫷趯ӵĮ
ᱻɱ
˵ķǳƽ
һͬǿƣ񱩵Ԫ˷ϯȥ
˽
ʱ߳е
ͻأ両ֳ߳Уÿһ߳нֳһ˷£ĳնȥһʱ䣬˵Ľƾһµ쫷磬նΪ֮ɫԵû谵࣬·ҪȽѡ


505 Ҳһ
âܼһնƬض߳еӰÿһʵ
ﬣ
꣬һѿ
һµĻ棬ȥΪģ˷ȫ߳еӰռˣżз϶ȴҲǷǳ΢СЩӰÿһı鶼һĮն£ĳնɱ
̫˽ÿһԪܻһӰʶҲԱϡ
̫ʥΪ׵һ˵ɫ⡣̫ʥǿı֮һȻû˵ǳ£̫ʥҲûжܹ߳лᣬȴѾ˳̶ȣܲøоˡ
һ㹻ɱˡ
Ȼ
ȻնҲ㹻ش֮ʧȥ
̫ʥǿߵͷ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Ӱ߳д̫˽ֱӽΧˣεȦС
м䣬ıƽ
ΪӰࣿ
䡣
һһɰڳһ̣Ƭغ޷ŭţһõĻӰ֣һһʱ䣬лӰʮ߳еӰĵķ飬պʮѺۡ
ǣ
׼֮ͨһǧ񣡣
⣬ôܣǰ׼ҵİôܻ᣿
ʮ˽Աɫ
䣡
ӰԻԽԽ࣬תۼ両ֳǧµϢһɹɾʮ
Ϊ˴Ͱһ𴳰׼ǧͨʱʵ⣬ʱԽ׼ľǸʱûʲôãѧ˿̣ʩչûһǧµĻӰӦ߳е̫˽
ȥȫܼӰռݣ߳еӰҲǧӰ
Хǧ
棬ԵӰһ飬͵Ĵ죬Ҳһɹɾ˵쫷磬˷ȥײʮʮ߳е̫˽飬ǧûǧҲһɢ
˵ӰԻԣ
Ȼܵ˽ҵˣ
߳е
죬߳еĽӾˣеĽɭɭø¡
ֻǵס˶ѣ
Ц
߳гųĿԵ÷ǳıˣֱ죬һ̣ǶݣĳԱȥʱҼλãкȻƮһƬڰ꣬ͻأоһĪвֱӳߺȥ
ˡ

ڼǧͬʱҲмʶڵһƬ꣬ʹ֮ƮڿУ̽ѰĻѷֵˡ˿̣һڰʱ߳Уٶȿ켫̾ڽ˿ռ䣬˲߳ͷ­
߳͵һһ̱ǷҽС
߳У
̫ʥؼ˽Աɫ
৵һƿ֮ŵâӿɲǸֱһȭҳ
һȭ߳еϡ
飡
߳кɣֱӿȳһѪ
ɫĮǚiһһӰתۼֳ߳ǰ
飡
飡
飡
ֺ飬һȭһȭ߳ϣйͷѵ
߳вҽУĴڿѪֱֱӷһ壬ÿһë׶ɢ̫ɽһ߳ÿһëڣһϸ΢Ľתǣնں֨졣
ɫ΢䣬ʱов
ٶ֣ǚiȥ
ҲʱߵĿͻȻ𶯣ܼĽ⣬
ȽâͻȻҾߣûܵĻᡣ
ɱ
߳д𣬿ѪȴǷǳ䡣
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
У̶ĽһصĽâһƬ½һ㳯ᴩȥңУһЩĹ۳ʮɳĴ󽣣ɢŵĲЩˣ·ɽ񽣴δ֪ն
תۼ䣬ޱ߽â׽û
̫ɽԪǣʹÿҲܻɱնһУ
̫ʥΪ׵һ
һȷȷʵʵˣѾ֮û
ֻܻѪ࣡
Ȼ̫ɽ£꣡
̫ʥؼ
ϵĽϻص߳еǣ²նǰһƬƬա
ǰ˸ûҳֵĻ𡣡˺ǿߵձŤָֽһɿµĲ֯˳
ģ㲻į
һ
һǰ췽ڣ貵֮𣬽նȥɱȫɡ찲Ȼԭأһ񺣽ƣһ̫ɢȵĹڷΣʱֱӳ̫
̫
Ҽ־ŭ
ܶ죬ıø貣˵ľâ
߳ɫгˡ
̫ɽ֮£ǵΣ쾹û
ɫƽâתͻҲһ֧ҶݺĴɽӣ֮Ѫɫѷȣһһȫȫ߳ʩչ̫ɽЧ
һһ̫鷳ɫĮһӣҶݺ𶯣ȫӿһֱܣڽڣһʯڣҲһڣҲһˣͬʱ˽ǵ
Ҷݺ𶯣ҲҶӣܻƣϵսС
񣡡

ͨʥؼ˽ɫһڶս̫ʥʥӵͬʱȻʱͨʥصʥҲսͨʥ˿ŵĹˣ
Ѱ·Ķ
̫ʥصҲɫ䡣
ߣһӱͨʥԼ̫ʥص˲ͬߵͬʱҲЦͨʥصʥҲսǿǼõ£Ͼ߳кͿܣһսضǿһҪնɱ죬Ȼ߳еһ˸пԡ
ܱսɫʱȻ㼱Ը£˫һֱʩչͨƺƵѹȥͨΪͨʥصĴйžͨڵһǿƺ㣬޵£ųƿ֮۳ɲɱ⣬ǳ¡
̫ɽն
߳еʱ
˸ΪһʥصʥӣΪأΪ֮ͬһһ˵սͷǳˣΧɱ죬ǿֲˡʱȥ˴֮ͨ˷Ŀռȫˣտ֨졣
У˿壬оâ貣ǰĺڷ趯
߳Уĵ֮ǰĻɱˣ˼ڣҵ֡һüĹâʢһƬڰԻÿһƬ궼ͬǺڰɫĽУϯⷽء


506 ڶ
ڰƮɣһƬͬƮѩһ㡣
ʱ䣬Ϊ֮ɲĲһɢ
Ϊǣ
Ȼƣһɱ˲˼Ųڣ֣
߳ӱ䣬еĽĻ췴Լϡ
䣡
ﬣ
ͬʱ֣̫ͨ󽣣ʥصĴйžԱޡ
һʱ䣬Ƭռ¡¡Ĳ֨죬ƺһ̾ͻȻ̮
ɫ䵭üĹâʢ
ˣ
ڰĸӷ񣬽ԲʮɵĿռȫСһ̽ʶڵ߶۷״̬ıѹˡ
ܺ߳ͬʱ߶һȴǽԶݣǵıȻãһƬƬڰһ谭ֱӴǵ֮ͨն˹
ʶ󣡡
ߡ
һ̣һƬ֣ãһ趯ͬһ߰㣬ȥԵЩɭ͹졣
ﬣ
߳һ޴ʯʯϲ˱ˡ
ʶ٣
ʶ󣬲ལ
ЦƿʶһҲ⣬ܹ࿹ˣƿʶ˵ȥûšԣ棬һϵˣǣڿûа仯ǴЦ
һĺڰɫӿͬһƬ˳ȥ
ĮٳڰɫײһͬʱһЩǳ챾ȥ֮˵ѿ˸ɭɭĹ⣬Եúܲһ㡣
ն

߳󣬽һƿնҪﶼն
䣡
ʶײǿĲһƵĴʮ˸ͨɾǿ߽𺳡ֻվѣˣսնɱˡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ʶײԱײһ
ܼͨʥصİһٸ֣ÿһжһӰվӿϼڽ֯ɲˡ
߳бһ̫ɽնɱš
˺֮ͨһ𣬺ƺƵĳɱȥ
ߣ׼ǧƵǧԻ˻ͬһʱ䣬˫ֻ߶ޣ磬̫
䣡
һʱ䣬ʮɷΧڣ񷶼տ죬ֱˡ
ռϯʰɫſµĲ
һĻʮ˸ͨǿ߸ɫóأΪ磬Ϊսһ㣬ͬڵǿǧǶ죬ΪɭΣնСһɱЩٴθоĿ£ڲɱ죬ȵɳǾԻһѣض
䣡
ϣ˷սͨ似֮һδεײ
תۼ䣬һӹȥ
ʱȥһݺᣬ͸ĿʱʱԲɢ
ֿȭܶ߳н棬ֱŤ顣
ܺ߳нǲͬΪȻ˵ܶͨƿؽǵ¯ĵز߳еĽƸǳеıӶ·ǻһɱ˵ľǵȽš
𶯣ѹˡ
ͬʱǚiһһӰɲǱƵǰֱһȭ¡
һȭƴѹһƬռ䡣
֮ܵͨⱻ飬ؿڱУֱһھѪǱĳ󵹷ɶȥڵɳȥĹУһ޵ɱгļ㽫һжƬѪˮڿС
וּһʱ߳еĽˣ
âֻһȴ̺žɱ֮ͬƹ֮ȥ
һʱԱܿ
ã
̫ʥΪ׵˺ȵ
һǳޣ
һȻҲǸоһĿ£ȷʵѱܿ
߳Уâ˸ȻֱܲӲܣֱӳ߳бȥ
ۣ
Ѫĸֱӱһᴩ
ܺã
̫ʥ˿ڡ
һ̣˱ɫĸᴩٶȴȻû˿ͣתۼ߳ǰ
һĻ˶ов
߳Уˣ
˺ȵ
߳ȻоΣٺˡ
ϧˡ
ٶȿ쵽㣬ֳצ״ֱӿס߳еۣݺһ
۵һѪ쭣߳е˺
߳У
̫ʥȫɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ͨʥغǿҲǶݡ
¾Ȼܷش̫ʥصʥӣ
Ϊ׵ɭȻ
һĻЩ˶ɱˣ죬ʵǿңݣ
Ե˺ݣԼҲݣˣΣգ

߳ŭһֱ۱˺£ȻǿҲԳܣϾһֱ۰ҪǣĸԣһĪ裡
񱩵Ԫڳɱ⽻֯ʶ֮𶯡
ýˣ
ܺȵ˫ֻͨʥǿıƬռ侹Ǳãã֯ܣЩããУһɽԻÿһɽ·ʵŵĶʼһ־ɢһļµĲ
վһɱںϣ֮ͨںϣһľˡ
ɾˣĳѹ˹ȥ
ƣɱһ
ӭһ쫷ϯǰĺڷ趯ȴޱȵĮ
ȷʵǸýˡ
ĵ
̧˫֣һԱϵٶȽӡʱ䣬һɫͼԻʩʩȻת˶һ̣ɫͼ֮ϣڶͼ֣ŵͼغһһʥٳܺƵȥɡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һܺ߳м֮ͨѣɫͼɣɫͼ˷ԲʮɵķΧƺƵ֮ͬϵͼ٣֮ɱâɢԲڡ
ǣ
˵ͨȻãɢˣ
ôܣ
ʮ˽ǴʧɫҪ֪ܺ߳УĿͨʥغ̫ʥǿһ˸Եʶô׵ɢȥ
սУܺ߳Ȼ𺳣ǵȻϢʧˣ
ʲôʲô
ܾ
Цκ̧𣬸ճſܺ߳ѹ¡
ˣ
ɫͼƵǿԣȻ䣬ȫС
ڵһͣһ֮ãһ꣬ϦУż棬ΪɱյءⲢʾսûб仯һΪûдǣķһʱ䣬ӡһδһǰͻƵӡڶؾͬʱصͼˡ


507 ʥ
ɫĵͼʩʩȻת˷ԲʮɵķΧܺ߳ȫУһ˵֮ͨѹȥ

ƿ
ͬʱ
ܼǿͨ߳նǿĴ󽣣ϧ𲻵˿á
ͼѹ£ûһУ
ϣɫǵĮָѹ£ͼ׹ĸ졣
պ¡¡ͼ֮ȴȻ֮⣬еһнԲڡ
صͼܺ߳ȫ¡
ˣ
ܵͺȡ
߳˫ɭȻȴҲ֪صͼĿֲ⣬ֻúˡ
˵𡣡

΢΢һɫͼʱâʢĻһ㽫ܷ
˶ݣ㡭
⣡
۴һصͼһ⣬ͬһ㣬ûڡ
˺ݺһ䣬ԪɢҲܹգر׹䡣
תۼ䣬ڵϣرӴ󣬷һ죬Ѫ
߳У
ܣ
̫ʥغͨʥصļϽԱɫ¶ݡ
ʥӣ𣬾Ȼգ
ϣܺ߳վɫһ䣬һ̣ǸоڿյģǰԪȵĸоҲ·𱻳˰㡣
ʲô
̲סȵ
Ȼһֱ߳һֱˣ˿ҲǳײˡҪ֪ʿԣԪҪڣǵԪоˣ
Цֻӳ׹䣬϶
ܺ߳ɫ䣬ܣϧǲŸոնǴ£ת۳ǰ
㡭
飡
ܸո³һֱ֣ӱ㱻һȭؿڣֱһѪ
߳ȻҲûֵãһؿڣͿܺݺݵײһ
˿סΣվһ𣬽ŭ졣ǴҪڵԪϧȴһҲûУʼǿյģʲôҲоͷ·δйһ㣬ǵܵ˾޴Ӱ죬ôࡣ
ﬣ
лĶһǿֻͨƷ
һ̧֣ʮâ
ʮâô£ƽܺ߳۶ῴһۣʱȴǱɫǷ֣Լ巴ӦԵ½ƶٶȱƽռʮЩͨâǾԱܿ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪƮϣܺ߳ͬʱɣؿڽԶѪۡ
ųһһӰƵǰֱն¡

߳һӦĹ
ò˵˵ǿȻͼӡԪ֮սȴɲ¾ܱ÷ǳǱȴԱɱ
飡
飡
㡭
ۣ
ž
˺콻棬ȫˣÿÿвӿѪ
ϣǣ
ڣܿڡ
̫ʥغͨʥصʮ˱һֱڹעŸһʥӵսڿܺ߳յʱǾ͸о˵ԪʧˣһֱĹעսֻҪΣգǾͻ֣ţϣһʥӶŤתսֵϧվûǵԸ˿̣ܿڣͨʥΪ׵˶ʱɭɱŽһ˹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ʥصȻҲˣΪ׵һ߳һɶԶ
󣡡
ͨʥΪ׵ȣץͷ­
̫ʥΪ׵ǳ飬ֲָȣնüġ
˿޾壬ֻһƬ
֪ˣ
ĵ
Ż£УһƸ֣ͬٽ֯ܿ죬һɱ֣˷Բʮɵпռ䣬һɱն
ڰ׼ʱɱ̫ŻͣȴҼط߳кͿһսһվ̫ʥغͨʥصϱǿߣǺһսܣЩϼһض֣ɱˡ
Ȼ֪һ㣬Ȼ׼
߳Уսʱһֱڰп̻ɱɱֻ׼ĲΣɱһǶԶԶȲϣȻˮ׼Ҫһսһ߿̻ɱȻǲܵ£ɱҪڶʱʮͨǿߣҲûʲô⣬㹻ɱˡ
䣡
ɱڣɱһƵͨʥغ̫ʥصͨɾֹ
ɱ󣿡
ʲôʱ£
ʥص˱ɫ
ǿʦ£ҵ֪֮ǰҲ̫ͨʥص͸¶ǣǷȴǸûע⵽пӡƣ˿־ŭ
ƿ
ͨʥΪ׵ĳϺȵ
һʱ䣬ͨʥغ̫ʥصͨǿȫչͨɱͬһʱ䣬ҵҲֹҵ˿ڶ֣ʵȴûгɱ죬ʱһĻȻҲϣܹܺ߳ɱϾͬţõ£
ɱƾһζϧʱԱơ
ңпµɱгһЩͨɵڶʿԸов
쳯ɨһۣٶȿ켫ܺ߳С
׼ɱ󲢲һ㣬ǣΧʮ˸ͨɾǿߣʮ˸ͨɾǿߵĺϹ׼ɱ֧Ų̫ʱ䣬ܿͻ
ﬣ
ӶһƵǰֱն¡
ɭɭȻ׻֮֮⽻˸Ŀռ䶼Ϊ֮Ť
ܱɫٺˣڵ״̬޷쿹⡣
ûʱģ

еĳն£׻ûڵпռ䣬ֱӽУһվֳ׽ն¡
ܿ׽âѣʱµһʱɫұ䡣
ס
ۣ
һֱӴϿܵĻ˲佫֮նѪ
ܣ

죬ɱ㣡㲻ú
ͨʥص˽ǵʥӣڶ֮һôǰ
ӱ䣬ɱˣƫͷס߳УһͿ˹ȥ
һĻ̫ʥص˶ʱɫ䡣
ס֣
죬ͣ£ɱ
һжҪɱǲΪ㣡
̫ʥصȫˣ̫߳ʥصţͿһܹƾŷ࿹⣬˽ܣǧ꣬ҲԳһǾʹȥ̫ʥضԣĴܻᷢ衣
Цмһˡ
粽ϣûʲô˵ģվٴζ֣һն¡
߳ܣϧԪ⣬ζܵˣ
۵һͿһ߳лѪڵһն顣
սУѪˮϣڵϣĿġ

̫ʥص˽ˣڣա
ͬһʱ䣬ͨʥصŭҵҲʼʩչȫ

Ŵ죬µɱƣֱӱķѡ


508 
ѵĴĲмĽʮ˸ͨǿͬʱ죬Ϊ֮񱩡

ҪĶ
Ϲǣ
ͨʥغ̫ʥص˻ǸԵʥӣʬ嶼û
͵նɱ
Ϊ׵
ʮˣʮ˸ͨɾǿߣȴƺһȻһͨǿҲöݣȻҲ⣬ɫúءعأȴǲûп־֮ɫâһжʱһƸֶ
ƣƣ

ƻһٵķʽܲƶȥ
ɱͬʱҲܼĽƣƷǳ򵥣ΪƣһȴҲǿ𵽿˵ʤЧ
飡

ͨʥغ̫ʥصΪ׵ļǰĽƱ顣
ʮһ𣬰ѹм䣬ݺһжʱѪʵǿΪϾֻ죬ͬʱʮ˸ͨɾǿߣͨĴڣǶ֣ң֮ǰͿ߳һսѾǺĵԪ˿̵ս۷ʱһ롣
ʮ˵ĺһȻޱأ˫ȴһƬѰͻƿڡڣʮȥʮ˾ɵλʱѰһȱλãطͨɵڶʿвС
ˣ
üĹâʢʱ䣬ڰɫ곯ܷϯ·쫷֮΢΢һӣǚiһͬһ֧ҵļһʮʵȱ㡣

𣿰Σ
ɱ
Ǹ򣬼ͨǿӱͬʱǿͨѹȥ
ҧܣ壬ֱĳǰ
Ԫˣʱǰ˽ֶսƱػʱ䣬λõͨǿߺΧϣǻúΣաʱʶλõˣǚiǰ塣
һǰͨǿߴͨڣʱ䱻ķ顣
ȣ
𣬶ʱѪش
ûоʹͣ£ֻȭգ۷ǰǿһȭƴֿȳѪǰļͨǿ𿪣һȱڡ
ģ
ס
˱ɫ
ͨǿ߶֣еĺڰ꣬һȥ
ӿѪ˱ʱͿܣ߳һսˣԪɶûʣ£ڷΪ˳ȱڣشķ˲ԪѾǿյˣԪֻʣһɡ
ڵһ̤ǚiһĳƬʯȥʱΨӵʱŻǰһʮٴΧǸʱ򣬵ȴıضֻһ֣ңһᱻĥ
ӣ
̫Ϊ׵ŭ
ɱ
ͨΪ׵
ʥӱɱʥص˼ˣɱ·Ҫܵһжû
ҵ˸ɱȻҲ쵱ɱҲٳϡ
ʮͬʱ֣򵥵һĳ⻪졣
飡
ֱӱĺɣڿѪ
ʮĵϣֻоͷҪһ㣬ʹޱȣشȴǺ䣬κλػ첽ȥ
İڣʮ׷һ·ɶݣشвѪʮβ㱻ɱҲʱǰڳһӴʯͷӲɣϢӭһɫĹϣ·Ժʱһֱš
лһĨâžʹһ絽ʯϡ
ʱŻҵҲضҪնɱ׷㵽򣡡
̫ʥΪ׵˺
ʮϽɢ˵ɱ⣬ɱĲݣ׷
ȾѪɫ԰ףȴǺ䡣̯һƽ֯Ƴһֱ˿˿Ƶ׵Ͻ֯ƣʱըһʱǾͳˡ
㣡
ʮ˽ԱɫʱǷǳΣյ£Ҫ߲Ҷըеƣ̫£ȴҲǻʱ䣬ʱ䣬ǴĴҲѣٷ֮ٻ룬ȥԿһ·
һʱ䣬ʮ˽ֹס˲ӣû˲Ƕɱ졣
Ҳô
ͨʥΪ׵˵
ʮˣǰ
ǿһԡ

ɨʮһۣûжƣһ뵽ʱŻڡ
תۼ䣬Ӱʧʮ˵ҰС
ʮ־ŭǰȴֹסŲ
Щ˶£ʱƣǽɣ
ʮԥǰֹס
ܿ죬һת۱ǰӹȥ

һŭʮ
ʮˣվû׷ȥ
һʱ䣬ΨŭƬռڻص

ĺڰһƬʣֳƣһҲ䡣
֪ȥãǰһһɴӺڰ˳ȥ
ȥ˿һϣһʯ̨һɫϣһŹӵ²
򡣡
еǳŨ֪ǵˣΪʱŻĴͣǴѪûйɨܣֱӳԶȥ֪ȥֻѭһ򣬲ǚiٶȱߣʮĻ֪ʮ˸ļʷǳǳС
ٶȺܿ죬֪˶ãһȽͨɽȸڻصڵԪ׸ɿˣľʹøǿңͬҰģԴﴫһһѣθУӶЩ鸡
죬һ֮նɱصʮ˸ͨɾϱǿߵ׷ɱܹߵѾ漣ˡʱˣ֧ˣֿǰڱڣӭ浹¡
մȾѪˮµĲݵȾһƬ
ּȸ죬͸Ҷķ϶Уϳһߵ㡣
ԶһӰһŮӣϵ·һ㣬ϸǴűɴסݣΨһ˫۾Կüܸɾͬһ㡣ߵǰڵϵ죬ŮӶӣ壺ѣһѡ
ŮӵᣬܶȴǸһֺĸо
Ů˼£ɴ˿̵죬Ļ֪
գŮӷЩѣСȥȻôԼȥһʱǰһС䣬Ůӷ߽СԵһʯʯԵЩƾɣֻһŴԵøɾࡣ


 


509 Ůѩҹ
ڴϣŮԱߵСݣúȡһЩɫɴƣԼȥʱϵѪøɾǴ̱Ⱦ첻١ŮӲ¶ϵĺΣ߿ȡЩɹɵĲҩȥԱߵСݡ
ϣͶ£׷
ãհǳԲ¸֡
תۼ䣬չȥ
оʹȴЩƤ˼£˿
ɨܣʱ΢Щ㶡
ڣһʯͷԼǰͱ۰϶аɫɴ
ˣ

ԱߵСŮ߳жһС롣
΢㶣㡭
ɽкܶ͵ҰޣҼ赹ǣܻҰޣΣգ˻ŮᣬǰǲҩڣԼ𣿡
ŮӵܹжŮӵ䣬Ҳʮңһλֵ绪µŮңͿҲף˻ԣŮƣң⼸ƺιȲҩ
ԡ
ͷʱʹ̲סü
ɣ˵ĺء
Ů
ľʵӣŮӣҩݵǰ
ԵЩ˼ҲûоܾŮι
ҩζͨȷʵ˽ĹЧȴôһƷı֮ϣֻ˵ڷǳԴˣ첢ûн⣬ʲôʸ񣿾ʯ౦Ʒ𣬿ԺܿƣǴʱȴûȡĽŮιĲҩȾ
Ϊ㰾һ룬ÿΣգӦþָܻˡ
Ů
áʵˣһԼˣ
졣
Ŷ
ͷȻ춼ûҵҲ˵ͨʥغ̫ʥЩˣû׷ڡ˵׷ˣڲҵ֮ҵļҲ΢΢Բٷ֮һ
ֱʱɨӣӺܼ򵥣ԵЩƣע⵽ֻһŴǡΨһһŴϣң̱ϵѪȾһƬʱЩΣ⡭ǸһӣȻռ˱ŮĴңһռ죬֪
ûµģԱߵСϢĵط
Ů
߽ԱߵСݣʢҩĴźãŮܿ߳һҩ¨
ȥɽЩҩúˣҶ
Ů˵
áͷʵˣʣǣ
Ůһ£죬ѩҹ
ѩҹ
΢㶡
ŮͷһƮѩҹĸȡΪѩҹ
Ư֣ҽ죬ллңΪơ
˵
Ů˸£ͷ߳ʯݣ뿪ʱСĵĽʯݵľϡ
΢΢һЦԼϲŵİɫɴ
Щָɡ

˫ۣԪ΢ļתһھ
ͱʯڣͬС㡣
תۣʱȥ
ʱ⴫һ쾪ѡ
ȥ
Ӵȥ
ħļһǴʲôʱ򣡡
ⱻһң
ֻҪڣԶð

һʯ⴫
ڵԪָЩƺ˲٣Щ΢΢üͷ´ȥ;оԱߵСݣͣ³濴ۣʱݡСĶණһ̨һҹС¯вٶһƾɵľΣһƺʱ֣Ϣ
ͷһʱ֣һŮľϢȴֻһĲӣҪֵ֪ůֻһŵĲܹȡůһƾɵľΣϢĵطŮȻԼռĴ̶Ǹ⣬Թ˵СҲϢĵط
ġ
Ϊһİ˾Ȼˣıжˡ
ȥ

Ů
ˡ
ƿʯݵľţǰȥʮΧһ𣬼׳꣬ҲһЩŮŭȳʲôĿܾˣһʱɫǱΧмˣǾλŮ˿̵ڵϣʹԴ
ӹȥ
Ķħ

ȥɣ
ֻ뿪ˣӲܵõ
ŭ
ڣ˼ʯӳŮȥ
ŮڵϣһﲻֻǵʹԴ˫ֻͷ
ʱһŭţ˰һֱĴĴԲʯ鳯ŮȥҪУŮҲˡ
ŲһΣ˲ŮǰһƣŮĴʯķ顣
ΧŮһȺԱɫȻһƽһʯ飬ô
Ůͷ­ǰֻһ˫ȣǵ·ϳˣ죬ôˣңղôֵģ
ֽܿ
ʲôˣȻħ
ǣ
ļһȥ
Щ˻ܶ񶾡
˴ӵϼСʯӣͣĳм䶪ǳŮȥ
ɸŭŮɽȻأϸƣΪҩιҩΨһĴøȴԼϢĵطЩȴȻôŮĵһ⣬һƵɱɢ
ǣ̫ˣ

һһɰƴڳƬռȻƽ쫷磬Ľɹʯȫ飬ңһɱϢϯΧ˸־壬һƨɵ˵ϣ˫ֹסķ
ЩĻ̫ˣ֪﷢ʲôЩŮŮǶħŮʵЩܡһŮ޹ϵİ˶ϤϣͶħߣ
һƬЩͨˣǵĶˡ
ӭΧܵĴӿ־ˣ˶ڷ
ʱŮĿš
ȻܹоеĺʱɢȥͷŮһͷʱһŮݵɴ֪ʲôʱˣ¶һŷǳµԿɰȣֻǣžµϣСȴһЩɫۼס
Щˣһ̣ʱӦΡŮɴסݣһǲ뱻˿ЩҲһΪһڿŮϵʱȻ㶳Ծɻ˵Ů
Բ𡣡
æǸŮŮס
ŮҡҡͷĲ£ʰϵҩ¨вٲҩ˳
ֶ£Ĳҩȫ󣬴Ůȡҩ¨СĵķŮʯȥǰ·Ĵ䣬ʱŵǰ˸óһ·սսĿŮ뿪


510 ν
ŮʯݣֽʯݵľŸϣЩףʵЩѿֻһẈ̂滹մȾһЩѪЩ˼ֲܷŮȥԱСݵľΣֻεĽŮߡ
Ǹ
˵
Ůҡҡͷᣬû󰭵ģûµġ·вٻ˼£΢΢üЩۡţЩ˲ʯӣֻǻסͷһЩطⲻ˱񶪳ʯӼС
ſڣԳ£ʵǰҲ
Ůûлش΢΢Գ㲻ħ𣬲𣿡
΢㶣漴ҡͷ
ᣬ¡ѩҹǶħûôĶħ
˵ĺ档
Ů˸£½ллô˵Улл֮ǰҵ֣ллܽҵ֡ŮԴ᣺ѾܾûҵˣҲܾû˽ҵ֣ǶҶħŮ֡
Ů˵ĺƽûίûģֻЩѡ
ˣȴǾͷ΢
Щ꣬
ٴʵ
ǰҲֻǣûнôأҲӺܲйذɡ
ܲʲô⣿ô㣬Ϊʲô뿪
Щɻ
ʯݣЩʯݵӦҲǴΪ֮дʯҹĺۼ
ŮҡͷȻ˵
ˣϢ
˵ţŮ´ԱߵСȥ
æϢȥ棬Ƥһ㣬䡣
Ů˸£Щ˼С˵Ҳǹƭġ
֪ǸҵĴ
Ů£ΪŮǺñӣԱߵӡ
ŮСݣСŸϵıӣ˫µȫлл
ЩԴɫƣԭܺĴ񽥽Զ󳰷Ȼá˶֣ЩģˣҲ˲ԶڣԼ쿴ݺ󣬷ǵûԶ͸¶һЩģΪӸϣ⶯ȻСȴо˾Υů
Ѿ߽СݣŮġллˣܲζáͷβŮֵĺƽ˵ʱȻᣬȴûмκί⣬Ҳһ˵ŮѾϰԴʼίѾµбʧˡ
ľϣþƽ
Ҳ֪˶ãۣļתԪȻת
ܿ죬䰵Բºǿ֡ҹɽҰ޵ҲһЩŹֵںڰоþûص
ۣļתתĺȴҲһ޸
һҹܿȥ
ʱѾһԲڸ߿գȴһҲȡ
С߳ŮӰֻڴһֽдȥɽе£иȪˮúˡ쿴£ֽ£ڴļתеâ
ˣ
ģâ͸øǿʢƻָٶҲøӿ졣
ˣ˴ܿʱȥ
ʱѾ硣
ŮɲطɵԵģŮ˵ɽв͵ҰޣһŮӣϮܲӦˣ
뵽ƿʯݵķţɨ£ǳŴӺɽȥ
ɽӵľ벢̫Զ߳ӣѭһС·źɽȥ߳ӲԶǰŲˣҲڳɽȥңи˴ӲͬķʿңΪʶϡ
ⷲ״ɽ龧ڣ
˵УȷʵС
ȥ֪ˡ
ۡ
ü龧
ǵһ龧֪ʲô
˶٣ԹԵҡҡͷǰȥ
ͨӺɽֻһ··вʿЩˡ
һԱߣ˫ЩֱǰļƯŮӣĿԵúʱʱЦʱǰļŮƺĿ⣬عͷݺݵһۣӸЩתۼ߳˺Զ
ƺЩźĿȴǺܿ⼸Ůϣʱĳ̾ʱʱһ˫֣תۼһŭ
бһۣԱ߿
ףǶԱ߿ȥ
档
˵ţľЩ
·ôܲܲҪô

ǰ͵ļŮʱʱعͷŭ꣬Ҳһڶָָ㣬Ȼǽͬˡ
߽һ㣬Ǻ׽ν·ĺֵܣ˵Բԣ
ܺ
Ҳ뱻˵
ֱӡ
ǰļŮŭ꣬ҲһŭˣһĪĸо
۾৵ľˣֵܣҲ֣ѵұˣ
б꣬еĹ÷ǳĪ
ܱǸҺ㲻ͬˡ⣬ٶ˵һ䣬Ǳʡ
˵
΢Щʧܿҡͷǣƫ㣬ҵúú̽һ¡˵ţֿ֣ĹĲӣָǰ㿴Ůӣ̣ͦеԣһһܲٿǱߵŮ֫ϸӯӯһգһ
ĲӣָһߣٿŮӣ˫ظʣָбضѡǱߣСӣңһ׷صĶǱߣ֬ƺҲ˳ܽһᣬһˣ˭ܷЩ
һҲûѹƣ·ϲʿĺҪ
ǼŮӸһָ꣬ŭĿӣ
ǵұӦ£Ҫ᳤̫ơ
곯Ůӻ֡
Ůӱֱ£ļ٣ܿߵûӰ
һЦûУҵǸԾ߱ŵ㣬ǵĸԻֵôмΪɬΪ˼ڳнҵܿˣԺ˽ҡ
죺
ſڣ˵ʲôջˡ
첻ڣһЦʵ⣬ǲͣԣԷھŮǵĸŵΪΣʼ˿ڳ˵ĵڣֻΪŮ֪Լжǰ΢΢һ̾һعĵνʵ氮
ǺܲȻĳ˳飬κһ
ʵҲʲô˵ˣҲʵڲ˵ʲô˵ãǼ꽻˵仰ۺͼֵۿܻȻ̮


511 Ů
ʵЩˣһܰѡ˹ٺˣ˵ʲô˱⣬ʲôҲûˣȻҪټһ㣬ӦûϾһôƤҲίʵ̫ס
˸Ƕƣأ
ƹĲӵ
졣
򵥵
ȻܲҪҲᡣ
֣һʣһʰ
ƴЦ
˵ţļ
죬ʵЩˣҲ˵ʲôֱǰȥ
Ůȥ˺ɽôûطȷʵܵģӵڶΪ˻ɽһͷҰ޶ԽʳĸɸɾŮǸʱʯݲϸϣΪƣ˵ľˡ
ֵܣǱߵŮƨɣ
ģǰ͹̣§ڻУǱضǡ㶮ģ
ٿǸۺ飬СΣˣ
˫۷Ź⡣
ǰŮ޻ͷŭĲС

ͽӣ
Ҫ
ŭ
϶ʱðߣһŽߵ߷ɣĪꡣ
ֵܣ㿴
죡
ͺȡ
ƣ
ڲ˵ˣ˿ҲЩźɽȥ
龧˵ûжɣžһͷ­С
Ҫǿ龧
ǣθڿɱ̫˵ˣ龧ĳ棬ֵõȥѰ
⵹ǲ
ˣߣ
нʿС̸ţٶȸЩ
·ϻһЩʿǶʮңĿĵؽһ
΢΢üЩˣƺΪν龧
֪龧ʲô𣿡
ơ
һ㶣ǿһ㿴죺㲻֪龧
ҡͷȷʵ֪
ֵܣƬ𣿾Ȼ֪龧ⶫ
Ʋ졣
治ɫɽУǵһγߡ
ϴγڶʱͰ˵Ļ
ƺɵĿһۣ͵ⶫӦ֪ɣΪŨ۶ɣһ״ڣУҩȶĺô龧Ҳ۶ɣȴ۳Ҫһͷ­С龧Աȵһͨˡ
ʲô
һڵڶʱͰһȥѰһͨг˵֫׳ңһͷ­С龧̺ȻܱȵһԱȣôЩ˰
ò̫ܣƿľȣҾٸ򵥵˵ɣͬһ۳ڶ۳ͷ­С龧ǵͬ󣬵ǣڲ۵һġ
춯ݣʱ⣺ԭˡ˵ţԹԵüЩȡҪ֪۳ѾˣҪķѷǳƾõ£龧õҪ۶ӵļѣķѵʱá
ֵͬ۳ɵ龧֮һЩЧʿõĴԪңͨɾǵҲŴЧЩЧͨȣ˵֮𡣡
⣬龧ΪһЩԴʹãԪƽŵȻҲܣǣһЯ𣿿϶ܣ龧ȴԣһЩΣѵʱ龧˵ǾĶ
쾪ȣô˵龧ļֵȷʵǳˣѹôᡣ
Ϊ龧
ơ
ǡ
ҡͷ
΢ɣǣʲô
ھ
˫۷Ź⣬һģ
бƣֱӲ˵ˡ
ǰüͷ΢΢һ壬ЩʿΪ龧٣ȥķƺŮλһģһЩģŲʱҲ˲١
ȱ𼱣ǰ龧˺ܶ࣬ضһսҪǿ벶ȸںʡ
ΪǶ龧ġ
첻ԣѿ깴ӵ֣ӸЩ
ֵܣȵȣ
ƽе
ɽߵľ˵ĺܿ죬ʱʱҰ޵żгƣɺܱңֱӱһķɡ
ǰУЩ紵úǰһСϿȣһЩҺɫƮţвʿȥʱһǿĿУŮµϢ
ûͣ첽ڡ
ɽȵʿѾܶˣŮİȫϾԷֻͨŮӡ
㰡ֵܣ
ںе
ڵĿ䣬ߣƮŵĺŨȻ
üͷ΢壬طô
ߣúоǰ
ö꣡
ǸŮӣڡǡ
ʲôˣ
һƮ
Ůӡ֣ͷһٶȸӿЩܿ嵽ǰ
һЩȺǰϿȾȻ̮ȥ°ңֱʮɶ࣬ͬһ޴ӣиĺӵײһɫѨƮ
ֻǣЩʲôΪǺڶڲƮ˺һʱʱͬԵԹ飬Ŀ˻𣬶ЩӺڶڳ꣬ȴûһӣΪӵײվһŮһȦȦڹŮ⽻֯Щ꣬ȻȫŮɵԼڡ
ʱɫǡѩҹ
ѩҹǸŮȻ꣡
Ůӡ
ô£ôܹ
оϣڲûԪҲƺʿ
˾ȡ
ܾȣЩȴʿһʱܲŮܲһ㣡
ͻȻƿ֮ӰԾӣŮ˹ȥ
ŮǱѰѹȻصţ
һ˵
꣬Լʮң˽һ
ǡ׵ŵͽ
ɣȻеƫԶĵط
⡭
ϣϳ˵ݡ
ҲʱѾӵײһ˶ֱ֣ӳŮӳһƷ磬ǽŮ˳ȥ֮һ߳ŮȥȻҪŮƿصС
ģ׵˵ȻһŮӶ֣˸ӣ
ǰһ
ʱһɾ˵ĺԱ߳𣬶ʱһŲΪ֮һ١
ɱ⣬˲Ϣʧԭأһ̳ӵײɵŮסղżŮȻ꣬ıסˣ⾪ȵʱĪŮ֣ûüӦֱŮɣڴӾлعһ˲䣬ŭͬǻɽһ㣬Ȼ䱬
ʲôˣҽ
ۣ
гһն˲佫Ѫɡ


512 һŭΪ
ŭˣռŮ۸ΪЩ˶ͨˣֻýŭѹĵף񣬼ʿҲ۸ŮԵɵĶŮ֣ŮɣȥܣŮȹľˣ
ӽ
ŶŮֵ궯ݡ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ϣʿҲǱɫ
˭ղšôȥӵײģ
֪ûп
ȻҶԽ׵ŵͽν
˽Ծ
ƶݣЩ죺һŮԭʶ𣿡
ͻȻ
ӵײɵѾվؿڴһѪۣһ۰㱻նϴžŭԱߣҲǺ䡣
㵨ӺܲС
Ϊ׵һ˵
ˣն˵Ż£ֱ£ϢԲУ괦ʶ۷壬ǿȻյڶءţŮ֣Ů˳ȥ
춢ˣ˪
֡
΢ӻдŮûлʣƤɴҲϵƸЩЩںɫʹʱһ
ŮЩ֣ɺһ֡ȴ²
˵
˵
漴Ů
˵𣡡

ߣն˵̷˵ı޸
ǰһ죬ܲпᡣ
⡭ˣꡭ
׵ŵˣк³
ɲǡ
˵ָָ㡣
ӣһֽŮڻһų̧ͷǰ
ղţ
䡣
һ㶣漴ЦȻ֪ʲôϵ㿴ƺܷŭΣܰô
춢ˣҪ
ҪЦΪǡ
ﬣ
̶һ̣ȻֹһѪԺ
һ굹ڵϣɻЦϢȴ˲Ϣɢ
ӵײһɫȫ䡣
ˣ
ɱ˽׵ŵͽ
⣬⣬
Ĳ׵ţǿһɰ̷ǳ£طȻ˸ɱ׵ŵͽ
ǽƵҲһû뵽ô飬Ȼֱӽ˸ɱˡҲͬʱһ㣬оâһʵܿ£
ӵײһǺһΪȴһͱնɱˣһɾ⡣
ˣ
ͻȻһصĽŲ˶һ
һɫĮԷΪԾ
죬ͬۻһ㣬һһоƿеĸ߸ϡ
ԭЩ־壬ɼ߳еľʱɢȥ괦վǿĺܣĶǽ׵Ǻˣɱҽ׵ŵĵӣڣʵʦ˵
űһնˣûܲ˿̣÷ǳң컳еŮܲһ㣬Ȼܹ֮꣬ؽ׵ŽһЩϣʲô׵ķ֣ˣ궼ܵõٺô
Žֽ˼֣ǣ⣡
ٷϻ˽Ȼڴˣ㣬򣬺
꺮
յڶվ˳во⣬ɭ
еĽڷ⣬âտտ
ͻȻһӰԱߣȻһǽƵꡣ
ѾɱһˣҪٳ嶯ǽ׵ŵˡ
Ƶ
ͷҲأֻɱ⣺ô
ƽͣ˵׵ΪƬʮ֮һʵܿ£Ҫǣһºţҷǳ̣Ѿɱһˣ١
ﬣ
̶ƵĻ
۵һѪ⽦ǰĺһѪС
һ㶣ſڣֻ¶εı飬һǺǿơ
֣֣ɱһ
һŮͶڵϣȻɱ˸ʶ۷ǿߣ
ɡÿ£
ǣǽ׵ŵͽôô󵨣
⡭
ϣ˶סˣɫˡ
Ů컳Уܺȴܲڷ£죬Ϊɱˣ죬һˣ죬ǿܸмкů䣬Ҫɱˡ
㡣
ͳ
ûҡû£Ҫġ
Ůᡣ
սֽ˼֣ŮЩ굽˶ίˣ˵Եúܼˣɻȴûһûһίûһ˿һƵ仯ܲζͬʱҲøӷŭ
ʱһǰ
ɱҽ׵ˣܺã
ɫĮӥһϬһɷ⳯ǰ
׳գ

Ҳʱٴ𣬽ա
Ѫ⽦ĺᴩŲʱ㡭ӿѪɫĮʧһɿ־纣𣬲ȴ˲ȴΪһ̣Ѿʧȥ֪ͬǰ˰㣬һѪС
һĻֱסˡ
꣬ƺƺվ簡ȻȻҲһ
˶¡
죬ϣ˶ˣһ¶ļµı顣
ÿµ꣡
ƿŮ΢΢ʼ磬ԹԵĵν⣬һŭΪա
Ů΢Դȥ
콫â˸ԪԴԴϵĳŮӿȥ
ܿͺá
˵
Ԫǳ񣬿ԿŮɫʼú
ʱǰĺڶڣͻȻ˻
ɫоһȷŶĿͬԹа㽫˵ʬ帲ǣתۼǽ˵Ѫ˸ɾȻЩоѪҺζ˳
ŮԳɫ΢΢컳վ
ȱ𶯡
˵
Ůҡͷܣ뿪ӵˣᡭѵġ
üһ
֮ǰЩ꣬Ϊ˲ܵȥ
ʵ
Ů˵ֻҪվ
࣬Ȼ¶ˡҹɽֹ˻Ӧþ괫ŮӦǷˣԸԼЩֹ꣬ǻӡ
㲻ǵһطЩ꣬ǰҲɹϵƣΪЩ˳һֱĬĬػС壿
׷ʡ
ţˣŮɫƱøˣƣȻֱӵĹϵ
ǲǣ
ʡ
ŮĬڿڣɺ᣺ҵļҾڴĸҲôػӵġΪӴԪҶһЩŮŮǲ֮ǰǰ϶


513 ħ
ŮĻо·𱻴һŮĸһĬĬػŴӣȴ񳰷֣ɾˣŮȴӲ¶ʵ飬ĬĬܴ۸ô
û˵ʲôֻĵԪӻŮƽȶ
ŮԶ˶վ
лл
Ů˾䣬ǰȥҪղһ㣬Щܳȫɡ

콫Ů
ӳƬڰ꣬ǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ӻڶг껹ûüҽУʱ㱻նķ顣
ʶ󣬶ЩžԵĿá
ֶβ
΢
ͬһʱ䣬ϵһЩʿҲǲ죬ЩǿʶʿԲʲô˸ɾĽȫգۼĨԵЩһˣϷʿ¶ȵı顣
䣡
ǺɫĶѨгг˳
ЩĿһַǳ˵ĸо˾ˡ
üٴλ֣Ƭ顣
ǰҲô
Ů
żһΡ
Ůͷ
̾ϢղŮЩ꣬Ȼ֪ŮôģȴܿŮµʱ򣬶Լ𺦵ģԽɶ꣬ҲԽ󣬴ŮӵƱǿԿĳ
ǰĺڶţգƽ˵أŮ㲻ٳȿˡ
֮ǰһЩҰʷӼǣڵ龧ǰƺСɵĻսʱнӽǧ˵˶طЩӦǵЩʿȥΪĳЩرԭ˳
˵
ǳսˣ
ʵ
룺ҲҰɡ
üңô꣬йŹ֡
ʱ򣬺ðиӶѨڳ˳Х
֣ܼƮն
ǽȥ
Ů
ԭŮʲôΣգ𷽲˹Ů£ҡҡͷǽŮ߱ȽϺá
ȥ
ŮҡͷΪ׽ǣΣա
ȻҲ֪ŮǵİΣЦҡҡͷյƽ
Ů˸£ĬĬĲ˵
⣬ٯٯð
ƶ̾Ϣ
Ů˸£ֻͷȥ
㣡

Ʒۣ˫˸ͶĶ
£ûгɣŮǰĶѨȥ
ǽƵƲƲ죬Ҳһ˽ȥ
⡭ȥˣ
龧ӦǶѨ棬ǽȥ𣿡
ȥΪʲôȻˣȻҪȥһܲ˾߰ɣ
ǣǸˡʿɱ
ʲôһʵǿܵõ龧ʱǵÿ
˵Ҳǡ
Ǿͽȥߣ
ܿ죬£˶ٺҲǰĺڶС
ߣ
˽ڶʿҲٳӡ
תۼ䣬ϣ˼ӣ뵽ڶ֮С

Ů붴Ѩŷ֣ڶŲٲͨ˷
в
Ů
Ů˼άܽڶвһ·ǰߣ©ƹȻΨһǳڴܳʱ򣬴ӵĴΣա
ģǻˣк󣬻аǵֱĿ꣬ǻȶǷ𹥻νľͽԭֻҪǻţЩͻ᲻ͣĹǣԶܵȥϾûʲôǻۡ
ȻŮʲô
Ŷ
Ůͷֲ˵ˡ
ŮǰߣӺƽ
ƵƵĸԱߡ
һֱҸ
ʵ
Ҿ˺ȤǳȤһͶԵ
Ƶ
бһۣҿûãǵȤȫһ
ʮ˺޵ɫ
һأ
ƿȥֹĲӡ
ðߣ߷
ⷽѨڲĺøŨһھǰߣ;ʱʱһ⣬ȫնɱ
תۼ䣬߳˺Զ
;Լʱʱ䣬дԼٵС
ʱѨڵĿͻأ䣬һɼΪɭϢԱ߱ȶ
ƽɫһ䣬볯ǰӳһơ
䣡
ɰӿǰնΪ֮һ
ĿԱߵ꣬ղһƣԿɱǿߣ
ңһɬġ
Ť

ðߡ
һ쫷ǰɭɭ⣬һ˵ɷ˻
ı棬гԽĶˡ
ƺһ˰
ֹ
˶ǰûкˡ
ǰƮ죬ģһ˫ڵ˫ɫںУȴôԣɭɭȻһޱȾ㤵ĸо
Ȼһֻа
ˣǹѵõüͨ
üо˻ĲŨ
ˣ
ڰɫƮһһƮǰ۳һֱָ߳ǰ
ҲܿǿͨǿߣɱһͨʿֱǸһ
춢ǰɫ΢
ʶרſаնɱɱȴǲ̫ܡ
ϾڵΪ㡣
ɫӶӿ˫۾ɭȻ顣
ɿŮǰһŮ
ƺע⵽ĶǰɫӳǰɭȻ֮⡣
һ̣˫ɫŮʱȴ͵Ĳ·𿴵ʲôֲĶ㣬ҵķӿңԭɭȻпĺͫоǸֳ˾ı飬ͬè㣬ǵͷӡ
һҲǲ죬ƫͷŮ
ǡ
ü
ղаԴﵽ˹ΣȼȻվ̫嶼η壬Ὣ̫嵱ζĿȴȻŮܺ¡
ü֮ǰ˵ǧʿսȫˣЩƺвлδɢ飬˵ȫɼϢ鲻һӱۣ飬ǵȥʿĲлֻ꣬ûʶѡղǿȹаҲӦǲлɳΣӱҲǲл꣬ǻ壡
ﵽεаӦѾһЩǻۣڿʱȴǻẦ£ӵײʱܽЩͼֱɵԼЩ飬䱾ʿԿǲл꣬Ҳ˵ֱƮؼĲл꣡ˣôһ֪ķΧڣֻһ𰸿ԽһСŮԭЩͻȻɫѹӦǡħ壡


514 ս
һħ壿Ů壿
üͷ΢˵׼浱һλħٻǧսħ׼
ȻܻսҲꡣ
ѩҹ壬ҿıԴ

ҪһǲԼһ壬򵥺ֱӵķǿԷıԴǵĻʵϣҲȷֱӵķң˿
Դ
Ů⡣
Уģҡ
˵
á
ŮʶãǣڿݺȴûԶǹ֮ǰΪŭɱˣ죬Ρ
£ŮԼúܷɡ
üļйâ˸һƹûŮڣʱʹŮ΢΢һ¡
ʶ̽Ůڣ֪˶ãͻȻ쿴һƬڵ磬Ƭܴޱ߼ʣŮԴԴīһ㣬ȴɭ̫̫͹żмصħ屾Դһģһ
ջоɫŮħ壡
ѹֲУȴֱɲл껯顣

ôҵĲ²⣬ûɣ
üδ˵ʲôϾԷʶƬ̡
Ҳǳˣ˲Ϣ˽û
˵ȥ
춢ơ
һɵӰǺܾ˵ģǱ֪Ůħ壬ǾԻŮܶ鷳пɱ֮ûǿʵ֧ŵ£ûκδ໤£Ǳ¶ǳ尾
ôҿʲô˵ʲô˵һܹġ
ʼ硣
л

ŮͻȻڣǳᣬ죬ħ壬ʲôңħ𣿡
ŮʹԴƽȴǴһ˿Լħ
һ㶣漴Цˡ
ҲЦ
룬ħ岻ħָһʣһַǳǿʣ˿ӵеʡ
ǣ𣿡
Ůʵ
ͷȻǺ£ĺ£ĽĽ򵥵˵㣬֮Ů
Ůҡͷ֮ŮҪֻһЩ
ĻеһƲʧˣħ
߰ɣȥƽ

ŮѨȥͬʱҲţôŮ߲С
˫ֱźףȥ
ԽߣƮźɫԽ࣬ҲԽӵ䡣УȺն˲ꡣ
һۣǰʱȥ

ʱǰͻȻвҽд
ڶŲٲȻȿ붴ѨΪڶ࣬·߲һ֮ʿڶᵽ龧ܵĿ죬ǴһЩƵǰȥ˿̣˴ǰܾ֣ϴŲѪ
ǹа˽ʿˡ
Ƶ
ͷȻµĵ
ⶴȴǹаⶼͨ飬Щвʶʿ

ҽٴ
ܿ죬ʿǰĳŶѨȥ
쳯һۣŮǰȥҪһ·ƽ
û˵ʲôһҲȥ
һ·ȥ;ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽŨ䡣ԪŮڰƮߣ֣Ǳ˲նɱ
ֱרɱаֶΰ

ܣһѪӺ̵øܼ
ƽ⣬ڰƮɡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
첻ϣתۼ䣬ܵȫն
Ůͷ죬ţ죬ĺǿ
һ·ߣģǰĲ٣ջ۵һ㣬һ㣬һ޴ĵصܶʱܶŲʿ϶žֵı飬ΪһͷµĹҲܶУڷո˵
ߵƶʱоһɾ˵ɷȥֻܶУȻһڿݾڹг
ħ
һ
ȻҲǿڿݾĹ죬Ժ΢΢üħʲô
ؼȻҲɷ۳龧ɷ̫࣬ҲγһЩرĶħ֮һȫۻɷ⡣
Ƶ
龧ΪħлŻ顣

ȻƻˣͷʣȻ

ҽ𣬷
ܶУʿ־壬ҪӣȴܹӳȥܶУǹаٶȼ죬ÿγ֣ضʿѪˮһء
Ȼͣɨߣڵͫ׽Ѫ
٣
һЦ
ĿŮʱ򣬾ܻмɵȴȫηˡ
ЩĮɨǿݾһۡ
վħϣɷΪԴټ˸˲ʿѪ⾫ڹǲħˡ
Ƶ
УǴһ磬ħʲô

ϻһվħ壬лĹֱһ
Ʒۡ
ħ壬һвлĿǣԲл߱ѹѹƣ̫ȵѹƻҪٱϾֻ̫ȸо־壬ǿıҪ̫ħԲлǲȻħײл꣡
Ȼ˵ףҲǾ̫²УͱڵŮħ壬ȴԲĲл꣬Ϊʵ̫ˡ
𣡡
ɷˡ
۵תۼ䣬Ѫըʿ飬Ѫ⾫ȫѪ븹С漴¶Ƴ˿˿ƵѪ⣬ϢøǿЩĿŮϡ
鷳ˣ˸ӣ־ˡ
Ƶ
ѾЩǻۣħطɱвˡ
ûлᡣ

ţ
һ㶡
ɿŮ֣ŹȥƵչһ
Ƕɵˣһˣɵһͷ
Ƶۡ
Ǳȴ󲿷ͨǿ߶ҲܿͨǿߣңĹ⣬Ϊطһħøӿ¡
һǵɱ

üĹâ˸һʱ䣬ڰ겼ʮ
ʶ󣿣һ漴ֹһȻһ˰
ܹʶˣһţ
졣
ŮЩġ
Ƶģɵ鳻Ѷȣǰ鳾ɱ
䣡
ʱ˵Ԫⷽܶɢ
ޱ飬һҡҷֱѹ
ͬһʱ䣬ǿ³ܶİȫС


515 龧
ǿ£һʱʹܶڵʿԾȣǼǿ£ȻܶԻһССǿգίʵǺܾˡ
ˣ
ҡҷ죬ڰͬɱĽУնǰ
ͬһʱ䣬ǿһ¹ˮ
Ĺԣ̫򣬶ʱĹ΢£̫̫һЩӦǱܵļɵɵ̫΢΢ˣһ̣ͺ𣬺ɫ˫ȾһѪ죬ֱӳɱ˹ȥ
ﬣ
𶯣ʵĽХ
ܼ껮ƿռ䣬˲նڹϣһɫʩʩȻð
ʹиɭȻɷøӿ񱩡
ûʲô飬ɱǿ¼ӳ֣Ҳܿ顣
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ڰʱʱնڹϣðʹùңǿɢĹҲԹһЩ˺ʱʱĺˡ
𣡡
ϵɷøǿЩⷽܶھһ쫷硣
ޱ飬ڰӸնѹһΧڡ
һǿ£ס˹аЩȣȴҲҡҡͷֻǣҪɱƺҲ̫ܡȻס˹һйɱֶΣǹɵ˺ƺ̫ԡ
ӣ
龧ǲҪˣߣ
Ҫ
ߣ
ǰˣ·
ǣס˹ƬܶһЩŵʿУǷĳܶȥǹʵ̫ˣҲֱ
תۼ䣬ܶڣʿ˸ɾֻʣ죬Ůƺ͹
˳ƬܶķΧ
Ҳʱ
ţ
һ㶡
ˡ

𶯣ǿ·⣬еĸ߲ʡ
ƷۣҲûж˵ʲôŮ˳ܶķΧܶһɵľ뿴ǰ˵˰ɣ
ͷ
ˣ
𶯣ÿ
һƬƬƮͬһ㣬ڰɫתۼռƬռ䣬ɢ˼ΪµĻʶ۷״̬̫ܶʿûȫʩչΪǿܻʿѡʱܶڵʿߣҲŮ˳ȥй˼ɡ
ܶ⣬ƶһĻ죺ҵѽ
ȥڰɫ꽫ܶˣӰˡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ǧƬ귢ͬĴ̶мȥ
䣬â貣ܼз
˿̣ûκ˿üܼ꺣У̫ݻ˼ޣеǹۼһ㣬һֱɵԲ£ֱǡʱ䣬һɿµĻ֯ܶ
𣡡
ŭ
һһɾ𣬴ſֲɷеȫɡ
ȥðܼɫȻڷ˲ĴˡĽ£ܶ治֪ʲôʱ̮ǳһֱɣɵĴӣôӵм䣬ͫ˸ɭɭŭ
Ҳʱ̶Ƭܶ
ڰɫ걻忪ԳӰҲͬʱԳӰ˿̣쵥죬ź嫵ͼתƵޱʥĲͼƺŮһЩ𺳣ǹ˲
ƾűܣв
䣡
ɷϯεض𣬳ǿħȥɷ
ˡ
һ
ͼŲһαǴӸߴֱһȭŹ¡
һȭȭ˴һƬڰ꣬һӡ
ĮͼƵȻ·ѹȥȫǡ
ӡ
ĵ
ȷʵɱڵɱ˹аԣһʼûдҪɱҪģֻǷӡԷ뿪ܺ߶ޣ֮ķ̫ɱͬʱҲסӰʱʼʩչӡڶأصͼ
֮ҪڼΪ̫ǿֱڹǰӡܻʩĹб㱻ƫԷӡԷԣڱ˹Ұ͸֪̫ܶһӣԿµɷɢʱѳɣֱӱǷӡʱ
̫Զǿħǳ˷ӡİȫ
ˣ
ͼѹ£ն΢΢һ
˻ֵһʱ䣬ɷܶʱ䡣
ֻǣȴûдãӡΪŴ𿪴ųƿԷӡһУ˵ڶؾԷӡаˡ
ĮһȻ䣬ͼһֱѹ¡
˻˲ϿͼѹǴ֮С
⣡
ٴοڣһâ˸漴һж
ӿ£һƳԽű߾
ܶƻĲᣬѿ࣬УΨͼɢŵ
ͼ棬ѹһֻɱͨǿߵĹа
ܶ⣬ŴֱͣȥʮŻعԲ˫ۡ
һͷаôˣ
Ƕˣ
Ƶ졣
ŮЩ˸һ߽ܶС
𣿡
Ůʵ
ûС
ҡͷ
Ůƺ˿÷
ע⵽㣬һЦŮղӦһֱܽţڵԼ
ˣˣˡ
˵
ҡͷħҲûٵ
£ٴνǿ³һʱ䣬ǹ⿿£۳һֱҵ£мħѹȥ֮󣬴Źȥʮħײһ˵ĺԭŨɷ˲轵һڹ
ԪĻŮ
Щڹۻɷûô
ʱħ£һƺǱʲô˳
ʱ䣬һɷǳ˵ɢ
龧ץס
Ƶͺȡ
һ̽û׼ƣת۱ǽԴץء
һʱ䣬Ũ
ۿŹԴԻԭΣԼͷ­СӨ͸Ʊ
ֻоë׶˿ڵԪԾ
龧
Щȡ
Σ
Цʵ
ͷȷʵҵ󡣡ڵڶĺѰһͨɳг֣֫Ȼڣе龧Ȼֻͷ­Сɢȴ˿Ҳ
ѹֵСҪƴᣬ龧һˣ



516 ɢ
ЩŴԣһͨʲôûʲôˣ֮ϧһ޴áĳЩСɶԣһļֵЩˣҪ֪ͨԣһСɣ಻ᳬʮڶʮĻٶһɵʵȻ֮ǿ
龧ԱȵһСɵļֵǿ֪
ڴˣᣬȻȻ˳
ʵһжΪʵ

龧ʯ䣬ɨⷽܶһۣŮˣǳȥɡ
ŮͷԱߡ
ʼ磬Ҳһ𳯶Ѩȥ
ߵĹУ¼ʶ;ڰɫƮܣⶴڵĻʣµȫɱһҲû¡ԼʱŮ߳ʯߣҲ˳ƫͷŶ߷ȥ
гһһչʮû붴ߣȻը
¡
һ죬ߺȻ̮Ķڱ׶ס
ˣطǳ׵ƽˡ
ԺҲгҲܵطˡ
Ů˵
ŮǰĿţ۹ⲻס˸һĶ֡
ƺ㣬Ůæ۾죬лл㡣
죬ΪӳĨҲΪôĸǴ
Ůأôллң
Ƶ
Ůƫͷƣ΢΢лл
Ůᣬȴ˵ĺ档
ⷴЩ˼ˣΪͷβûгʲô黹ͷаһжġ
ɨһۣôǻȥɡ
Ůͷߡ
ʼ磬Ҳȥ
ʱ·ԼһʱŮ߳ɽڴӱԵ
ǽƵ꣬ƨƨߵĸ
ôǣ
ü
Ƕôòãǿһһսսѣ
ԵЩԹ
бû˵ʲôŮһǰȥ
ʱɫ磬ⶼŲˣŮ˶Ƕݣдž⣬˴ŭ⣬в˳ָָ㡣
ףǺܻܲӭƵġ
ƺ档
㲻˵û˻㵱ư͡
˵
Ʒ˷ֱۣӾͱˡ
ûǵ񣬺Ůһ𣬺ܿصŮƾʯ
ǽƵ꣬ȻҲһ˹
סﰡɨʯݣɫһ䣺ֻһŴ

Ů
˼벻Ҫ̫㡣
ֱӡ
ƶ켷üŪۣһͣҶı顣
ϱǶʱðߣ˼밹ļһ
ˣȳȥһ£е£Ҫ
Ƶ
£ЦŸջҲ̫Ｑ˰ɡ

ͺȡ
ţֱ˳ȥľҲҰںţл
ֻʣŮ
ѣȤ
Ů
캹գѣ
Ůɴժҿ
Ů£Ҳû˵ʲôɴժ¡
죬Σң챾ҲѾˡ
ˣժɴЩִ٣Ե˵ͷ
ӣŮϵȷʵˣԭǵ࣬ȴˡ
𣿡
Ůʵɴ
ҽ¡

Ů΢㶣ҵ£㽲
£ӦԼ
ҽ

Ůɻ󣬲ȴǵͷ
쿪ڣħ壬֮ǰںɽҲ˵ˣһֺǿʣͬʱ󵽣ĸӦҲħ壬ʿһЩл飬ǡĸף֪ħʲôҲУֻԭʼɺɽ飬ԴػӵĴǡ
ֻǣôһΪУοħ屾Դԣɽڵûܱ׷飬һЩı仯Ҳƣ룬ĸףӦҲڵƵɣ
Ů
Ůͷ
̧֣ļеâ˸ɫһַǳůĸо
̧һЩ
˵
Ů˶٣̧񣬰϶鲼ƣҳںɫ
𶯡

Уһֱߴӡͼ֣΢˸ѹŮͷ
һʱ䣬ɫĻ䣬ŮС
ŮϣûŮڣʹŮ΢΢¡
㲻УħԴڲвĻɷЩɷԻƣڣڵЩĻɷγȵװεúһϵƻ᳹ʧ
˵
Ůһһ桭ģ
ָܻ
ϵƣʧ
ġ

Ż䣬ѹŮͷӡͼâʢâûŮڡ
Ȼ֪ŮƵԭȻԽ£ѡ
ˣ
Ե㣬Ůߡ
ԿкɫŮڳâɢΡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ůϵڱ䵭ɫɫɫҲڻʧ
оâ㣬˫ֿٽӡ󣬵ڶӡͼԻ˳
ͼŮͷâʢһ뽫Ů
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱâɢ콫ӡͼɢȥ
ˡ
Ц
ʱŮŮϵѾʧֵһ覵֬Ӥޱȵľ£˿ҲȰΪŮܰڣ΢Цһֲʳ˼̻ĸоӡ
ɨʯݣڽѰһմлҳľӣҳݵŮǰ
һ
˵
ŮƶĿ⵽ǰžӣѾܾûˣһֱڽ
ž棬Ůʱסˡ
Ǹˣ
ϵƣˣ
ˣ
ûסĵŮӣ̲ס޳
Щ±񳰷áʯңںɽ˹ûп޹ûһ˿ʱʵ̲סԼˣεĻ棬ʵˡ
쾲ĿŮᣬûаοΪϲõᡣ
ͬʱᣬҲŮôܵίͷš
úŮֹסᡣ
Բ𡣡
ӵվ𣬲ᣬ˵ɺᡣ
˵ţϰԵĽеɴϴ
ֹ̧֣סٴˡɴȡԪһֱӽ֮ķ飬ȥߣɹɹչ⣬ôЩ֪ӹ˿һֱáΪħŮˣж


517 ʢޣ
ĻŮ£ҡͷûбҪô
߰ɡ
첻ɷ˵Ůߡ
ʯݵţŮԱߣ΢΢ͷ
ͷ̧

Ůһ˲ͷ̧ͷֱǰ
ЦЦһ߳ʯݡ
ڲԶһʯϣ߳ʯݣ֣Ƕһʱˡ
һŽűߵһʯ߳Ƽȥ
ƫͷ㿪ԹĵܱôײôͻȻ䣬ĿԱߵѩҹϣ˶ˣһ̣·Ƿ˾ذ㣬ȷŮħ廹Ҫ򱶣һ˹ȥˣ
⶯Ů£һ
ֱ̧ȣһ߳Ƶ
һƺɣˤȥɶԶ
ȿȣˣˡ
ϵĻҳԵЩΣ˫ȴĲС
бһۣԶȥ
ղһţȻûƣһﲢС
ѩҹԱߣȥŮҲԱߡ
вˣԵЩη壬ܿ죬ע⵽Աߵѩҹ˶ˣһԲ˫ۣȫˡ
Ůˣ˭
á
ŮôǶߣ
ȵȡ·ͣŮ·һģһ
ʲô
ߣͣзΣǡһ
˳Ծ
Ӻֶˣƺһ
ŮӣǸŮ
ǸŮȻôƯˣŮһ
棬Ů⡭

ãƯ
׳૵
Щ׳궼áŮң󲿷Ѿ˼ңʱм˵Ů˾ԱߣʱԼҵͷˣһЩ׳ȴʱʱŮķ͵͵ȥǵĸԵŮ˵ͬʱҲŮͶȥʵĿ⣬꾫ȴǲңΪվŮߡ
ѽѽó󣡡
Ƹ󣬳ӵļŮɨȥʱһϹ˹۵ı顣
ΣǱЩŮȥɫޱȵѿһҪƵı顣
ŮСû˸˵ʲôΪη졣
Ůǰúһ̮ǰбչĺۼ
ǣ
ʵ
ǰҺĸסڴļҡŮԵúƽ᣺Ǹ˳ȥڴӱԵλýСʯݡ
ĬǱչĺۼǴŮļҡ
ԣʯ齨𡣡

٣ʯͷõĴջ
̾Ϣʲô˶УЩطܴӣЩطȴܿɶ
Ϊ֣
ŮŴӣûã˳ȥ
ȥĸ׷ǰ㡣
Ů˵
һ𡣡
ͷ
Ůһ£ȴûоֻܾл
ΪɽûԣŮûнĸںɽǰǰһƬСּ䣬λúԶԼʱŸϵţĹλþԶŮǵĴƻĸ׵Ĺɡ
ŮΪĸ׽Ĺܼ򵥣һ£ǳƽ
ףɽѾж˽õˡ
Ůᡣ
찲վһߣûǰš
һŮȻΪ˺ɽ¡
ָпһТ˳Ů
úŮϣǸΪ˲ʱ䡣
õǸҵľˣһУӦá
˵
Ůҡͷ㲻ƽˣûңҲ¡
̫ˣʱѾûκɽвٵҰޣǸʱҰŵѪζֻһֻҰҲɽɱ

⻰ûΥģ˵ȷʵʵǸʱĵȷȷѾˡ
߰ɣȥ
˵
Ůͷȥ
ֹȥʱ˻صС壬ʱɫѾǳװеǳУҲһԲԻΪƬɫԡ
ǽƵ껹ڣûȥ
ɫʱӦϢˣΪŮںţŮúϢԼ棬ʯݲԶһʯߣƾط
⣿
˵
Ʒۣ˵ֵܣô˧ô𣿡
бһۣѵ˵ʲô
ҹգǳ˸Բ¸߹ңԼطһѾˡ
Ҳҹգʱǰ˲١
˶˵ܿǰӹȥ
Σô㣿
ƴƳĬ
ʲô˼

Ӧö˵ߵǸŮħ壬ûʲô㡣
Ƶ
üʱû뵽
ʱʹ

뱣ƺ죬ʵһˣ
ǡ
ͷûʲôġ
죬ֳʯݵķȥڵɣΣ
һĿǰꡣŮħ壬ǰѾ֪룬òһЩ뷨
ƶ죬ȻҲ֪ʲô
֪ڵʲôЩ£Էģħ£ҲκˣҲΪħȥڵĵţֻǾ˷ǳͶԵҲ˼Բ롣Ȼȥ벻ȥȫ㡣
˵
ĬطȷʵҲʵʿҪȥʿĵط
Ůħ壬Ϊʮ֮һӦƽҲȥӴʿ硣
ʮƣ˵˵ڵɰɡ
һЦ˵ĻǴӦ롣
˵ڵΪ𻯵ţ֮ǰںɽɱĽ׵һͬΪƬʮ֮һʵȻö˵ǿ󡣡
𻯵ţʮš

ƬίʵһҲ
ֵܣ㲻᲻֪ʮŰɣ
ƺա
֮ǰ˵һֱɽУҵһ߳
Ƶͷȷʵ˵⻰
ʮŵ£ƬһЩΪҽһ
˵
ڴˣǵͷʵƬǰҲ
ҡͷ
ҴӴ忪ʼ
ԡ
Ҫ֪£µأȻ˽Ƭ
Ƶͷ죬˵ȻغԶŴ˵壬ƬΪ󲿷֣һΪʢޣڶλãҲĵΪأλá
ʢ޺أ߱һããӸϣ໥ľҲ֪жôңԶ͹żϼأǴǿߣҪӴһﵽһҲúķʮң⻹ƽ˳£Ϊӷǳգ˵пµԶ޴ڣȻǴǿҲܸɵ


518 𻯵
΢ʢޣأƬ򣬱ָΪ룿
Ļһ㶣漴ָֻô˵ĻҲû
Щ죬һ磬Ȼֳ֣Щر
˵ǰģӲڣĳ£ʲôҲΪǼ£ͳӣٺʱƣ򽥽˹ʢ޺֮
Ƶ
ͷ˽ˡ
һ°ɡ
˵
СƵصֲҲ֮ǿͶˣֻ֪ʢޡʢޱߣ˽ܵ飬鲼ɸۡ͸಻ʤƬʢϣܼССɾͲ˵ˣൽ壬Ҿ˵ҪֱΪʮţԼʳˣһҡ
棬ʳΪǿ󣬷ֱΪ׻ʳܻʳʳе·ǳԶͬԶ㸩ʢޣݴ澳ǿСʳ֮£ڣֱΪԴڣڣڣڣʥԼˮڣÿ߸ϵĴǿߡ
ʮţʮţֱΪţ׵ţ޵ţžţǵţ׵ţţңţµţĵţţԼڵ𻯵ţʮţÿŽһǿߡ
˵
ĬȴЩȣﲻǵҪ֪ڵڶǿΪֻһˣңĴֻڵܹȵȴɣȴʮҪ˵ԶȴǿڣԼ澳ɻʳ
棬Խϲ޵ʵԽǿ£
˶٣ʵǸأ
ƵͷҺܲһ㣬ΪϴеѰ壬Ѱ̽Ѩһŷǳ˵֮ǰ˵ʢޱ鲼Ҳŷǳ龧ңǾзھ龧ǳľˡ
ٸ򵥵˵ɣͬһһͨʿУѰܻķʮ꣬ǣһѰ߳ˣΪʿͣѰʱ䣬ֻỨһ졣
һôţ
ʮһ죬ԱȣЩ̫ˡ
ҪȻأƷۣңѰһ£ôھһ£ѰҵȻͨʿó˵ܹ򵥵ĽھңһһЩرЩʱ˷ʤ
ۺʵΣʳ൱

ˣʳǵȻһͨСҿȣȻۺʵҲͺ൱ʳʮǧ
Ƶ
ͷʵôʦأڿʦ𣿻е֮һҩʦڵ֮һҩʦڣ
ף㻹֪ʦҩʦ
Щ졣
֪һЩ

Ŷ˵ʢûпʦҩʦһЩпʦҩʦڵġڿʦҩʦǱ߿ܻɡ
ŶƬһ֪
δ֪Ƭʢޣʮţڣһңʳ
ȷʵܺ嫣ǿ̫ˡ
һ𻯵š
˵
Ƶ𻯵Ϊʮ֮һ̫ϳϴڴһ죬ƺǴͨ죬һЩͨǴͨɳڵͨ첻ȡΪʮ֮һ𻯵ŵʵԴû˵ʮ֯һ𣬸רŵȣȵ׻רŹڵĵУͨǾ͸˵ˣǳ࣬٣ǲ̫
ܹʮ

ƵĻЩȣʮɲһ򵥵֣Ҫ֪ȶܶռһ֣ʵʲȴǷǳ󡣼򵥵˵һԱȵһ࣬Ҫǣ۵ӵľҪͨٺܶ౶
֪ڶ׼ҵĵײֻо𻯵ţȻʮЩˡңŽ£Ϊɵӵ֮ɵӵнǳ
أ
ʵ
ûʲôҪˣ޷Ǿ䳡֮ĶЩκһСɶУǴСѡƵӵķ࣬ͼȼŵӣŵӣ洫Լĵӣĵӣ𻯵һʮˣֱʥӺѡˣʥӻʮе
ƽŵνʥӣָһļ̳ˣһѡʥӣɱȫ࣬ͨԴҪʲôʲôȱڣʥӵĵλһЩͨɾĳϵĵλҪߺܶࡣ
ͷʥһ㣬ģڶ򼸸ʥӡ
ȻأľҪȥ˰ɣ
Ƶ
ͷȥ
һ¾˹ĲӣֵܣԺһս£
бһۣ𻯵ţʲôΣ
洫ӡƴһӣ۶ԺĵûȤʥʲô̫鷳ˣ˭˭ϲɣû¿ŮȵʥȤˡҪ֪Ůʥӣɶ˼
죺

䣬ǳԲ²ԣһûһţջ
ܿ죬ڰɢȥ
һգҵŮŮ˵ȥ𻯵е¡
ңܲȥ𣿡
Ů
ĵطܴǶãҲǲԸ뿪
ﲻʺ㡣

ı棬ŮΪ壬ΪжƽĴ䡣
Ůſڣɨʯݡ
ʯݣĸһģƾɣȴ࣬á
쿴ŮŮı飬һ̾ʵڲԸȥн磬Ҳûϵһط㣬У㹻Ա뿪ŮܼǿҲǿŮԸ¡
Ůȷʵ뿪طֱԱ뿪ϾŮΪħ壬ûһЩԱʵ˷֣ǽǳΣաң˵ŮʣŮգҲǸѣǱһЩӼŮٷ֮ٻģǱȱħΣա
Ů촽˶Һȥ𻯵š
طһķѲʱ䣬뵢ʱ䡣
һ㶣Ůı飬ܿǲµЩЩ̾Ϣ
ֻǣҲȷʵŮӦ߳ȥ
н磬δؽʡ
жʰ𣿡
ʵ
ŮͷЩĸôϣ⣬лϴ·
Ұ㡣

ͬʱȡһöõʯ䣬ŮȡŮװʯС
ŮĶ࣬Ҳһӱʰϡ
߳ʯݣŮĹغ÷ţ漴ƫͷһЩ
̾ϢЩ۸ŮŮ뿪ʱǴŲᡣ


519 
վŮߣĬĬԣûж˵ʲô
ŮŴӣֱȥʮŻع
Բʧˡ
Ǹ
ЦҡͷŮҲٹɨԼӣǺһȥǸطԶһʯϣ
ˣ
˵
ˡ
ͷ
ƴЦֱѭһǰһЩ𻯵Ŷȥ
ȥ𻯵ţȻ·
뿪Ӻ󲻾ãڣŮȥһŮĸ׵ķĹãҪ뿪ȥԶĵطŮӦҲȥĸ׵
֮ΪŮշУֻڸһųѰƥŮСͬʱҲΪŮѡ˼ױȽϺõĻϴƸ𻯵š
ˣһתۣʮչȥ
һ죬ǰһƬ嫵ĵȺһƬɽУȥǳˡ
ˡ
Ƶ
𻯵ţ
ü
ƵͷȻ
˽𻯵ţĵӺܶ࣬ѪΪԺܸߡ
ܣһʯһ飬ֲܹŹԡ
ܲһ㣡
߰ɣΪ
Ƶ
Ϊ𻯵ŵ洫ӣʸƼӣɵĿˡŮһȥ𻯵ŵһϸ󣬲ú쵽𻯵ŵĵƣ𻯵ŵµӣȻֻͨŵӡ
ߣȥѡ
Ƶ
úŮ𻯵ŵһƬס
ȥƬסռصǳңһӣÿһܱȵϾ丮СԺӣã⵹Щȡ
ƺȻһЦ𻯵ŵĻܲסʲôģԲ
ͷȻȷʵǺܲˡ
ŮסѡһСԺӣС
кĻҲǷǳ󷿼䡣
ŵӵסŵӣ洫ԼĵӵסǷֿŵģס洫طԶƵ˵ԼסĵطΪһŲͼʱѾ磬ôãӦúˣϢһ£ҴϤ𻯵š˵ţ죬ŮλŬŬ죬һüŪۡ
죺
ƴЦԼŮ֣ܿ뿪

ѩҹѰһ䷿Ҳܿ찲úãʱɫѾ
ѩҹ
Ů
СԺһݣܹ䷿ѰһȽϴķ䣬ڵжȫռԵôЩ
ܿ죬Ů˹
ҽ

Ů档
̹ϦϦһ꣬ԣٴνˣȻǺܼ򵥡
ûбļŮԼľҲһ£̣ķ˴Լһʱһʱʱ䣬ŮļǣҲ촫µоļ䣬Щ죬ŮļܾˣҪ֪ϦʱСϦķ˼յʱ䡣
ܿҲȻˣϾϦСȻдһЩŮǿΪҪǣŮħ壬Ϊ壬ȻĹ֮
ˣǿʼʽ
ʯȡһͷ­С龧
龧һʱ䣬䶼ŨǣеԽ֯ڿС
ȹмд΢ů˺
ҲϦǰŮϴ裬ֻǣѾûѪǵȶˣǣϴֻ֮գתһ룬ƺҲûҪΪŮ壬Ѫ֮ҪͨǿѪеȻҲ
龧һһУĽ׶οܻЩʹ
Ů
š
Ůܹɵ棬ԵúܰһҲûΪ˵ġʹеţû¶һ˿һ
һЦŮϥͷ­龧м䡣
ʼɣҸĹת
˵
ŮͷЩ棬ܿ죬еâԻ
ͬһʱ䣬ŮҲ΢΢üֻһ˲ѣüͷչ
Ȼ֪Ůüԭ򣬵һνӴУ׶λۣŮΪͻʹüǣŮֻһ˲ͻָ
ǿ

Ҫ֪һνӴʱտʼ壬ֱ۵죬ҪʹŮȴֻüͷѣЩ̾ϢͬʱҲ΢ЩᣬΪ뵽Ůּǿǽڳί֮ϡ
΢΢Լƽ
һӵ͵ߣֱΪ壬ʶգͨɣ棬磬ÿһ󾳽ַΪŸС̨ףʿҪһϵǣÿһС̨ףʵнÿһ󾳽磬ʵʱ䡭
ΪŮһƽ׺ͣҲϸһϣκν׶ΣŷǳҪã¶Ի羳ǿҲһڣ龧壬עһЩ龧ȺܸߣڸոսӴһҪ̫࣬ձˣ֮Ӧ
š
Ůͷתļһӿڣ΢΢¡
ϥŮ棬ۿŮУֱŮȶǵͷ漴Ҳļת龧С֮Ÿתļٴθо龧Ĳ̵ʵ̫ڰʹˡ
һ˲Լ
ļƽתһ龧ڡ
ʱ䣬оһů壬һ˵ĳ졣
ˣ
һΣԵ㣬ͬһԾ
龧̵ڣ澭뵽Ԫ֮ڡ콫ļתĸӿ٣ȴٵĴԪ
һһĴԪâԽӵǿʢ
վ磬վΣԴԪΪʹԪһδη䣬ﵽһʱḶ́ʱ󣬱ͿͨɲΣһ뵽ͨɲΣڵԪΪһȫµǿ
ˣ
ϥŮ棬һתļ龧̵ͬǹԴ㣬ɽڡͬһʱ䣬龧Ҳڷڱ仯ȥһʱԭͷ­С龧ѾСһ룬󲿷ȥ
Уʶһֱ⣬עŮУͬʱŮӿڵһǳǢ͵ĳ̶ȣ࣬Ҳ٣ŮоѵĿƵ㡣ѣϾվ
ˣ
Խ֯⣬ƵһĹâ
ҹƬȫ⡣
˶˵УתһĹžͬ
ܿ죬ʱȥԼ䣬ϣҪ
Ҳʱһɰڵǿ󣬺ܾˡ
˫ۣâ
졣



520 
ȥһʱΪȻûнʵȴ˲٣ңеĸøȹ̣п龧֧£죬Ͼˮɵ飬ԣڴˣû̫ľϲ
˫ۣȹľ磬Ϊֻ̣ǰӺۣصΪȹǰŮܰ˿˿Ƶâ֯ţŮĽգ͵ӡ
һЦŮϧ
ͷмλõ龧˿̣ԭͷ­С龧һҹֻ֮ʣ˲ӤȭͷСɢŨȴҲ֧Ų̫ˡһС飬ڸոտ·Ů˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ů棬ŮУһתۣʱȥ
ʱ龧Ѿĸɾ
Ů⽻֯ŵԣԽɢŮ˫ۡ
оΣ
Цʵ
Ů˫֣Լ˵Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ƺһˡ
УУǲϵɱ䡣

һҹУŮ˿̵ΪȻﵽ۷Σ˵ľԵɷ˵ʿĵһɱ䡣һҹﵽ죬һ㶼⣬ϾŮ壬һǿ龧ĳɹһҲ֣ûȳɹǲǲ
Ůͷû˵ԵúܰȴǺĿ죬콲
Ů飬һ㶣ָоͷ·ѧڵȺʦѧ
Щ
̲סЦ
Լʯȡһöʯ䣬֮ݸŮʯ䣬һƬСռ䣬עԪʹãԽһЩУҲԼ򵥵ȡ֮ǰΪѡ˼һЩʯڡ
ʯݵŮУŮһá
Ůͷúжһ򵥵Ķľʵӡ
һ׽׵ĳȹУܸɾҲǳƯ
еĳȹŮЩ
лл㡣
̺Ůع˵
ҡͷ˵ллҵȻģΪʲôӦá
Ůҡͷҡ
˵ʲôȴǱϣ̫࣬ȥԣҺ뿴㴩ⳤȹӣһ޹¡ϴЦ⣬ǸϤһ𻯵ţʱ䣬ӦúܿҪ׼¡
ŮͷȹǰصԼķ䡣
΢ЦҲվ߻Լķ䣬߳ԺŮ˵ƴϤ𻯵ţҪ׼һ£ⲻ⽲һʵϣûʲôҪ׼ĶֻŮתƻˡ
վСԺڣܱľΧһȦвͦԵú£粻֪˶ٱɨһУǵʮ֮һ𻯵ڵЩǺܾˣڶϹҶȲϡ
Ӵͦ磬Ϊǻ
һ
ƴԶߵԺǰ͹ĲӣٺֱЦ
бһۣôԷ
֨ѽ
һСԺӵŴ򿪣Ů˳
Ůѡĳȹһף˳ĺڷں磬使ޣŮı飬ɢһʣӵ䷲
쾡֪ŮϳȹƯ󣬻΢΢һ
ԱߣƵɴ˫ۣ첱ӵֲ
ع񣬸оƵĶı飬ʱðߣݺݶؿڡ
໣
ưʹķۡ
Ů죬ÿ𣿡
ҡͷЦŵܺÿǳʺ㡣
ؿڣֳŮĴָ
Ůغ÷ţ˱߳СԺӣƵĴ£Ϥ𻯵š
Ǳ䳡Ӽд裬˽䳡нУ䳡ڣÿۼĵŵӶܶ࣬ڵĸССд裬ÿնôʮ
Ǳ󣬷ΪŲ㣬ɵһЩͨСŲ¥ʵԽǿԵϵ¥ԽߣԽǿͨԽǷڸߵλãڵھŲ¥ϣ÷𻯵ǿɵ䣬ӵĪܡ
ǱߣϵҶ˵ҲܶڳǾۼڵء
Ǳߣִͥҩţճȵȣִͥ𡣡
λã𻯵ŵΨ̫ϳʸУ˵һƷΪһرɵǿ̡
һһߵ
Ů߹𻯵ŵһΪĴæûȥעܣȥۿǷ֣𻯵ʵ̫ˣһʣһһɹڵ֮价˸
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱѾʱ֣һ޴ɽǰвڽ
ȣɵĵǶԣطΪҪһڣײ֯ÿطеĵӷǳ࣬䳡Ҫࡣ
Ƶ
Уʱ΢Ϊڵʵ̫Ũˣܾˡ
һξ룬ȥһָʯңʯȴûʯţȫǶ⳨ΨſڱԵаۣƺ÷ʲôӣַ֣۸һ罻֯ţܣÿһʯңƳλãȴһ㵭͸ָΧ
ƣϣ
΢
ʱ򿪿ڣ˵ûκƣֻҪ𻯵ŵĵӣκˣκʱΣطȴҲøһЩָһʯңЩʯңÿһһأȥƺǶ⳨ʵȴǲȻÿһʯҶһš
ɵǱ볯ʯİͶһ޺ˣԴʹʯĴɢȥʯĹϣ˲ܽУȡڲС˽뵽ʯк󣬴ٴĻ֣ʯ֣Ա֤еܹȵС
ңҲй涨κ˴ʯеĵӣشϾһʿбϣʱᷢصĺҲпܵ¡˵ţ⣬ʯĴ󣬻Ͷڰڵ޺˵жͶ߿ʯеʱ䣬ʱһٴοʱе˱߳Ƭ
ʯҵŨȽԲͬԲͬʯԱȣԽŨʯңͬʱҪķѵ޺˾Խ࣬򵥾ʮöͬ޺ˣڵŨʯڣһգڸŨʯڣֻһʱ
ԣͷ׶
ƽŵһǣҪطУͶŵ޺˱Ǿż޵޺ˣڴˣЧãͶȥҲ˷ѡȻˣͶ龧ҲԣЧѣ龧һУУôͶ뵽˵꣬죬ôĻϸɣӦöɣ
ϸ
ͷ
ȣвٵӣ쿴󲿷ʯڶ
ʱ˾һʯңʯҿţܸоʯڵŨԱߵһЩʯҶҪǿϺܶ౶
ΣҪҪһԣ
ʵ
ȻͷŮѩҹ޺˴ʯĹĻ뵽ȥż޲ε޺ˣȱǳ࣬Ůոտ·ܹһĵطУǰ·Ƿǳаġ
أ
Ůʵ
̶ȣڵѾЧ𲻵ʲôá˵޺ˣõģⶫкܶ࣬ƽռûʲôãȫǿôһطҲǺãŷ˷ˡ
Ůſڣյͷ
춼Ѿô˵ˣôܾܾ
һЦߵԱߣжʱ޺˳֣Ǿż۷޵޺ˡ
ʱһ޺˴Զһеʯҵİڡһʮҵӳɫ䵭ĮưʯұҪˣ˵ȣڣ


521 ˵
ӴһϮ£һַǳĸоܿǰ
ߣ
ûжӺܲ⣬ֱüͷ
ƫͷɫԵЩĮ
ȡ޺ˣ뿪
Ļƽ
ʯѰѾȡ޺Ҫ밼ԴʯҵĴĻȴ˴Զһ޺ˣѡеʯңңӵĻʵЩţһӵģܲΪŸ𻯵ţ̾£ԾܴʱܲﻹǺƽ
Ļӵɫʱ˸˳
޺ˣѾһöȥʯңҵˣڣȡ޺뿪
죬иֳһ˿ɭĹâ
Ȼö

ʱŲ𻯵ŵĵӣ˶ע⵽ߡ
ǡٳɣ
ȷʵˣ
ǧ׵ܵܣ
˵
˶ӣЩɵ
ּɵǼɵӱǼɵӵĴ硭ǧꡣ
죬ʼ磬СӣǾͻʯҺˣûɶˡ
ദ˼ʱ䣬ִϤ𻯵ţ˵ĹϵѾǷǳá
Ϊʲô
ü
ٳɣǧ׵ܵܣΪֻʶڶѣȴ𻯵ŵĺĵӣֽʮΪȴѾͨɵһ죬λкĵӵھţʥӺѡ֮һ۲۵ţмֺܿµͨ
˵
ô
鲻䡣
ʯѡУȴǿֻΪԷĴ磬͸ȴ
ƻǱȽ˽ģ֪ǿƣǸԸԿʱȴǷ˷ۣ磬ҽ绹̾һ£ǻһʯҶѣȵǸ̬ǧ꣬ⶼ£ûʲôˡ
ߣƣ㵹ͦʶ࣬
ӰȻΪ𻯵ŵ洫ӣӻʶġ
ʼ磬Ǳ밡Ȼֻʶڣ˭˼иĴأԲԣ˵⻰˵ĺ⣬ǻĳȴ˭ĳ˼ǣٳֻʶڶѣĲУƨһǧط˭㣿
ң
ٳֱӱ
ҡͷģǷ̣ڷòá
ٳһ졣
ߣ
ٳ
ɫһҲЩδ̫統ˣ
죬ͲǸµˡ
΢΢ȭҪǰ
һĻƤһæ죬۵Сӣ̡̾
ҲʱŮ֣½ǣǣʯҰɡѾΪ˺ܶ࣬˿ѰʯңҲΪõΪԼٸȥʲô鷳ղƵĻиĴ硣
˶٣΢΢ͷŮ̾˿
߰ɡ
ûж˵ʲôŮ뿪ط
֪Ůǲ鷳£ȴŮ
ʶ࣡
뿪ٳĺԵЩ⡣
󣬲мɨٳɣҲ뿪ȥ
ʱھȹȿڴԼҵλѰһŵʯңŨȻ㲻Ⱥȡʮöż޵޺ˣͶʯİʯҵĴ򿪣ȻŮЩ޺Ӧÿ֧գҸʯбٹȵÿһɳ伢ʶýʳˮ氲֮ط㣬𣿡
š
Ůͷ
΢΢һЦĿŮ뵽ʯУŴٴοʯһţŮѾͶ뵽֮Уŷһ뿪Ƭɹȡ
֮ǰʱ룬׼ȥѡһ似ͨȻѡ似ͨΪԼΪŮ֮ǰڵһʱõʺŮеͨȫĹȣԼû£ΪЩͨʺңԣҲûʲôá
ܿ죬
һˣһϮƾɻ£ĺӣͷЩңԵЩײ࣬Ҫǣһƺʱʱй༸ҾƣһãһŨҵľζƮڿУЩζ
ǣǵôôһ󣡡
ǣ𻯵ǿĹž
벻ס
ڣ𻯵ŵĵСֹš
óľζ·켸ûϴ˰ɣݣؤһ
Ůűӣһı顣
ΪǳŮ޵ɵôЩԱ߼ͬ鶼һ
ιС㣡ô˵˼Ҳ¥֮ˣһҪǷŭҿɵ𣡡
˵ͳ
űӵŮҲǾ£΢΢Щ£ͷܿ뿪
󣬼˵ģ΢΢һ϶ʱЦ
һμϾƹʱϾƹҲģ꣬·ǿ˵Ͼƹһ˿иС
ǰѡͨ
ߵǰ񣬽Ƶݹȥ
ֹ˿ھƣȣ죺Сӣô³𣿻װһװߣԼһ˾ƹҲǸǫ˾ӡ
һҲίһҲǳֱӡ
⻰Ҳ΢㶣ܿҲͻع
˾̸ϣҲϲƣֻϲһĻС
˵
⻰һƶʱ㶡ϲһĻУͻȻ˵ʲôΪɶԼȫ
˫ۣ죬ȴǼıһƬȻɫȷʵǷģαװңҲȷʵɫпеĸоʹ˲ĴЦȤ˼˿ҾƣŽĵƸ˹ʶ΢΢һɨ¶һŹֵı飺Сӣվ㣬ôֻŵӣ
𻯵š

˵ͷ΢ѡʲô似ͨ
һ㶣û뵽˻⡣
Ϊһѡģѡһ򹥻õ似һõͨ
˵
ŵӣʸѡһ似һͨŮһͲϲԣͨѡһ࣬ѡ͵ȵ似ȽʺŮ
ѣУŮ
˼ʡ
һ㶣ǵŮ
ˣȷʵ統Ͼƹ㣬һַǳеĸоҲûʲôңⱾҲ㲻ʲô˲õ£벻û
˽һֱӶ죺¥źĩˣͨıס¥źвͨ򽣣ʺŮС
סƣֱˡ
ԱߣҲǷɶ
𻯵ڣŵֻʸѡһ似һͨҽĵһ¥¥ζѡ˾ȻֱӸ֣ͨһ˾λȥȡ¥¥
Ҫ֪¥洫Ӳʸ̤룡
¥ǿǺĵӲʸȥ
ǰ⣬ͱЦˡ
첻ɵÿЦ
˭㿪Цб۶죺˵㣡


522 ʯ
סˣһһ㶵Ŀǰˡ
ȥ¥¥ңȫֻͨײŵӰ
ǰ
˵ˡ˵㡱ȻϾ𻯵һǳҪڣԼģ
ôϻȡȡȡ㡣
˵
һҧյ˵ͷȻѾڣȡ
лǰ

ƴ˹һĵˣǰۺСǺֵţҪҲȥ¥תһתŶǿһ㣬ȥ¥ѡѡҲǿԵġ
죺
̫Ҫˣ¥תһתȥ¥
Ƴƣ
ƣ
ǿЦһųȥĻֱ¥һŷһʯܣĩˣ淢һϿĸ֡ıףΪͨ
ˮΪײ⣬ˡ
оâ΢
ͨƷԣܱȵϵڶ׼ҵĴˡ
һͨ
¥˵˵ߵźвǹ濴һ򣬺Ȼ򽣣ҲʺŮеͨǳǿᡣ


ͨպãȥһ¥˽ǰ
ǰ
ͨݸˡ
һѡͨҪ¼ġ
ߣһڻɡ
˻ֵ
һ㶣¼𣿡
Ǹ㿪Сţʲô¼¼¶ˣϽģˡ
˵
Σƺȷʵô
˱л⣬źһ뿪̺
У˶ԶȥıӰ¶Ц⣺һСӡ
˵ţԹһЦƺйҾơ

뿪󣬲úԷ𣬺ܿصס
ı׺ͨʯȡһЩ򵥵ľᣬ׼̻һЩƾŮãƿʹۼһȻһʯŨҲõˡ
òӡȻˡ
Ц
ƣ׼ƣ̧ܻ֮ƶ
ңҪī
ңȵǿ

תۼ䣬һչȥ
ڣһʯ⣬Ļ΢漴򿪣һ˳
֮꣬ǰٳɡ
һʱ䣬ٳɵľǿ˲١⣬˫֣ɫưĿһУû߳ñͣͣһʯ⡣
ʯҾȿڴԼңһȹŮ
ţƺʯҵǸ۵ĶߵŮӣ
ٳ
ʯڵİȹŮܿ죬ٳɵռ䲻עŮӣûпݣʱһòһʱ䣬Щˡ
ٳɣʲô
һ
ԶΪ׵һһϮ£ͦΣѪЩˡ
ǣ
ĵӣǧ꣡
ôˣ
ڣ˽Ծ
ǧ꣬ʮ꣬ھźĵӣΪͨɵһ죡
˳ɾͣмܲ壿
ǧٳɣһ꣬Ż£ѪҲǿ
ٳɻͷʱһϲ磿ôˣ
һ
ǧ
ٳŶһͻȻ磬и۵ĶʯңȻǶˣ˲ˬ졣˵ţٳָԱߵʯң㿴ʯŮӣվǸߣƺΪŮѰʯңǹۣҪŮץǶŸҵǸ
ٳ˸ɭȻʯеŮִһа֮⡣
ǧԼĵܵܣǿ˶Էеа⣬ȴǲδ⡣
㡣
˾䣬ǧߡ
磬ѽٳ߹ȥһĶǧ磬ǲ۵ĶƺǸ洫ƹϵ֪ҲƵĶ֣ҪץסŮӣһǸƵ˰ǹǾûа취𣿡
ǧʯڵŮӣԼĵܵܣĻգ¡
ͷû˵ʲô
лл硣
ٳɸ˵
ǧͷֱ⡣
ŵӣ˶ٳɺǧĶԻ˽ҡͷٳʵڲҪԼ˱˵ʯңѾȴˣȴԣһŮӳ֣ʵ޳֮
ŮӣҪùˡ
ɲǡ
Ǹ꣬ҲҪҡ
ҪĶ
꣡С㣬ˣٳɾǵǧ꣬ûùӳԣ
˵
Ůڵʯ⣬ٳĿǧ뿪ʯңƯ˸а⣬ٳĻ꣬ʯĹĻҪòŴ򿪣
ʯİۿۣ졣
찡õ졣
ٳɵ촽ɭһЦһǰݺһȭʯĻĻϣ˵һ졣
Ů촫µļһҵľ˿̱һȭڻĻϣǾ޴Ļ¡¡쳹ʯڣʱŮһֱӾѣһʺѪˮ˳˳
٣ˣ
ŮѣٳɶʱаЦ
ʯڵˣʱδҲǿ߳Ȼ޺˲ջء
Ůܴϻۣʯٳɣ֪ڷʲô
ûжܳȥǻȥ鷳
ۣʯˣ׼

ʯ⣬ٳɭɭһЦǺݺһȭڻʯĴĻ֮ϡ
˵һ죬Ůոձۣ˿

ٳаЦ
Ůܰܳȥ
ȻҲˡ

ٳɱɭɭģһȭһȭʯĹĻȥʱЦ
ڣٵŵӶͣߡ
ǲҪ
˵
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ҵصʯڣٳһȭһȭҳЦĻǴĻͨǿҲ飬飬Ļȴ
ǽкյ국Įվһߣһﲻ
ʯ˵첻ϻ죬˶ĤЩ顣
Ůʯڣ˵죬˶䲻ˡ
ֻǣʼһﲻ
㵹ܵˣʱ䣬棬󣬴Ļ㻹Ӳٵģ
ٳЦ
Цţһȭǰ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
޴ĺ죬ʯҵ˶޷С
תۼ䣬ȥ
ʱٳʱʱ㹥ʯĴĻϷ˵ľ졣
٣ʱʱǱٵģٻúóģǸ٣
ٳ
ʯڣĺŮľѾĵĺأʱʯĩˣ˫ֱϥǣʯǽԴ˫ϥ˫ȼ䣬ɫǳ㲡
ˣñۡģٴضú㡣
ٳаЦ
˵ţһȭǰ

ŵסʱš
ʱϾ͵ˣȥȽŮء
Ӵ
ǡʱ֣ǰ͹Ĳӡ
бһۣû˵ʲô
ȥӺգ
Ƶ
첻ԹԵȥ
ƺٺһЦҲٶ˵ʲôһȥ
ȵλãҲϤˣú⡣
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ԶԶģһӹڴһЦ
Цüͷһ壬ЩϤƺǰʯҵͻȻһɲõĸоȥĲӱǸЩܿ뵽УŮʯʮ⡣
ֻһ۶ѣ˲㿴ںŮʯĻӡ

ֲĺ⵴һ˹ȥ


523 ŵһɱ
ʯұߣеŭһȼգŮ˫ϥʯĩˣɫԵú㲣ڣŮǰİȹϿһѪ
ٳɱϵĺ⾪£ɵúˣǻ꺫
ԭɫܵĮ˿̶죬ȴֱӶݣˣǳǿ
ʮ⣬ҲǱɫæʯ⣬Ҳû뵽ٳɾȻɳǰѾȴˡ
ǰˣ
Ȼˡ
⡭ǧǸǴԼ־֣
̾Ϣ
ĺ缫ر˪ûдκˣ֣̽Ļݺһѹ
͵һʯĴĻʱ顣
׿ʦһʯĴĻʲô¡
ǣ
ƿ˴ĻôܣͨǿҲ޷򿪵İ
⡭Ӧǡʱ䵽ˣĻ鿪
˾ȡ
ûЩ˵ľȣʯŮǰѩҹ
Ů̧ͷɫԵ÷ǳ㲣ȴԳһЦ
һۣôĥΪ˲ģŮȴ΢Ц
жһöιŮ£Ůվ߳ʯ⡣
ӭû°ɣŮӣɫҲ̫ÿ
νɹ򣬲ܴʯеˡڣ㻹Ҫ𡣡

ƳĬû˵ʲôƽɵȴ֪ڷʲô
񣬻ộ
ƫͷŮʱŮȻɫ㲣վȴû⡣
ҡ
˾䣬ǰȥ
ٳɣ˫۳˺⣬һ¡
ŮӴ𻯵УŸţŮܵί۸ŭգеɱһ
וּһжһһٳȥ
ûκֻһɱɱӡ
ǣ
ѵҪٳɶ֣
Цİɣǿǧ׵ܵܣңǸ洫ӺҲⰡ
˳Ծ
ӭٳҲһʶڵ˿̸оһ˿־塣ܿ죬뵽߻һգ뵽ԼĴ磬ֱ÷¶һĨĹ⣬ߵĻգȥϵ
΢ϵɾ˺⣬ܹоǳǿ󣬲ԼҲţ𻯵УԼһսˣ࣡
ǰһĮͣ¡
Ҳʱƿһ죬ƿ粽ںǰգ¡
ƣüͷһƣʲô˼֪Լʲô洫пǷǳǿһˣսԲ
Ȼ֪ҾǺܾûмˣںѣд£
˵ĺ⡣
˶ٵ׵֣ܵܶ
յ
Уôˣô¡˵ˣд¡
ƵЦ
ϵĺ⣬֪Լһ̸ʲô𻯵УȴǷ¡
̶Ľ쿴ƣٴγٳɱȥ
еĽ䡣
񣬸䡣
ӭٳɶʱʶѣһֱǧӻ£оôµĺ⣬˸˶
ǵһΣ
һΣĶ궼ڷ
գ㻹
ۣ
һնһƬѪâһϱб˳ȥ
ٳɲҽУֱۣնҵ֣ҵ֣
һĻҲǾˡ
⡭
İ
ǿǧ׵ܵܰ桭Ҷ֣
̲סҺ
Ǳߣնٳɵһֱۣ֪ķŭԶҪŨңһնɱٳɣֻնԷֱۡ
죬һնԷöԷ׶ĵʹĿ־塣
䣡
һɾ˵Ԫߵձɫһķȥٳǧ׵ܵܣǧôܿٳɱɱ
ôеҪд裬ͦġ
Ƶ
ͬǿϢһֱ̧ǽ¡
ɫƣ𣡲ˣƣɫЩÿհ۷壬洫УûмĶ֣ƣһհ۷壬ս˿ҲҪƿƳ嵽ǰȥǲܵ£Ҫֻ֣һ²ܽ
˵ˣֻдѡ
ƽ
㣡
Ԫ󱬷ǿͻ
һʱ䣬µԪƵڣŵӽԾ
Ƶߣǰ̤ͬǿɢ¡
ﬣ
ʱ򣬲ԶХ
еĽһλӳ
۵һٳɵĸᴩһѪٴηĲҽС
ӵǱվٳɼźձƵ£ʱ־壬ֱӳӡ
ﬣ
һնбɶ
ٳɸоһۣһ̣ƽⱻƣ˳ǰȥ
һֱӴ󣬲ҽв
ȣҡҵȡ
ٳɶ£ҽС
ȣһն¡
ޱ飬һǰеĽ˸
ٳɿ־壬ҽжɵͣס֣㡭㲻ɱңɱңҲҴ粻ŹģһֱۣһȣֻҪסˣֻҪסͨɾΪҪֺȣ¡
ɭȻ̧֣һ
ۣ
Ѫٳʣµбɳȥڿоͱһʵķ顣

ٳٴηҽУеĿ־øŨ
⡭
ҵ졣
áò̡ǣҪŰɱ
Ĳ
ոɫ䣬ҪƣϧȴûãƵʵԼ洫ӵһ֮ƣҪͻƹȥܡ
ŲʼƽʼյĮ
סס֣㲻ɱңͬżǲɱͬţΥŹ棬ڡŲŹ㣡
ٳɿ־вǰˣǰɹ
ֻǣشģֻһ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦һΣٳΨһʣµֱ۱նϣбŷ˳ȥ

ٳɽеޱͷƤ̲ס顣
ǰеĽٴ
סס֡ɱңڡŲŹ㣬㡭ΥŹ棡
ٳɿ־塣
֫ϣֻҪסֻҪסͿԡ
ıʼղ䣬һƬɭȻŹ棿ǿΪŹ棿Ź棬ΪٳɸȹŮʯĹĻ
νŹ棬ֻǸЦĶ
УڣҲҪɱ
ס֣ɱٲŹģɱҲĺܲң
Զճ
ƺûκӲп飬нֱӻ¡
Ҫס
ۣ
ѪƮһȾѪͷ­𣬹Զ


524 
Ѫˮڵϣʺ죬Ŀ
ʬһߣͷƤ顣
һ̣ټȣе𻯵ŵӣȫסˡ
ˣ֮Уɱˣ
ˣɱǧ׵ܵܣ
ңŰɱ
ֱۣ˫ȣͷ­ȫն£
⡭
ôô
˵ŽֹͬУ˵ǧ꣬θҵǸˣ
˶Ĳ
ձɫٳɣɱˣ
ٲŹ㣬
죬յɫǳѿǧٳɡ
ڣȴɱˣ
Ǹ򣬱û˿仯һҲ⡣ڿЦŹŮʯĻٳʱ֪һôһ֣죬ôܻ۸Ů˻ȥɱԷǱȻ
ǰת򺫿ա
ǧġ
䡣
ǡ
յɫ䣬䡣
һ̣һƿյӰͻأǰ쵽㡣
ձɫٶ㡭
ۣ
Ѫ𣬺պɣͬʱһֱҲбŷɳȥڿС
⣿
նǸһֱۣ
գհ찡
ôôǿ
ٶ̫ˣ
ļ¡
ǿĺգȻ洫ҲŵϺŵˣȴ㲻
תۼѣնһֱۡ
Ҳ𺳣ţٶʵ̫ˣǿӦ
ԶվɫΪ֮䡣
㲻֣ԣֻһۡĽȾɭɭѪһƬпᣬǰĺգȥǧ꣬Ҫˣ˲˵ĶԻǴ꺫տ֤ʵǸǧ֪꣬ԼĵܵٳҪʲôȴհĺܵΪ
ˣɱ
ʲʲô
ҪҪɱǧꣿ
⣬ˣ
ľ
ǧ꣬ǿŵĺĵӣʥӺѡˣͨɾǿڣˣʿѾͬһˣǰˣȻҪɱǧ꣡
Щˣƶ˱ɫ
Ŷϱ۴ɫǳѿȴûзʲôĻһһֲĴǸˣоǲ˿ȴû³Ϊ̫ˣԼ˵ֱӽնɱ


ɫܲÿɨٳɵĲʬת뿪
еĽʧյʯУҲеĺŮǰ
ʱŮɫɺ㲡
Բ𡣡
Ů˵һΪŭɱˣܸжȴø鷳
ҡͷŮԴ
Ů㲵ɫת壬ӣŮ˵
Ůһ㶣죺ңߡ
û£

ŮЩ˼һֱţֻŲŲŲ˫ֻĲӡ
һЦ˫ַŮĴλãվ
ˡ
ȥ
ŮԴȥ΢΢Щ鴤Դĸȥ󣬴û˶ôá
ͻȻоԼЩʪˣȻ֪Ůᡣ
û˵ʲôӱúƽĬĬĳŹȥ
Ƹȥ
ڣʿ챳Ů뿪ıӰһЩסˡ
ЩŮʿỨһĶ˸
ΪˣҲԸ⡣
ֻǣ䣬м˵ز
̫ˡ
Ů૵
ȻһЩޣǶݣ챳Ů뿪ıӰž֮ɫ
жֵþأ
˳
ֻǺܿ죬ЩŵϵٳɵĲʬ̾Ϣ
ǧ꣬Ʊزưոݡ
ھźĵӣͨɵһء
ϧˡ
ϧ

뿪ȣŮ뿪ȣҲȥȴǺܿۼһƬʿһʿϵκʱҪࡣ
Ϊɱˣ
ңɱˣǧ׵ܵܣٳɣ
Űɱ
⡭˭ô󵨣
иյĲ
ٳɣھźĵǧ׵ܵܣȻɱڣ
ҲʱһͦΣ絶
һֻ꣬һֱۡ
ǧ꣡Ǹգ
˱ɫ
ȺһԭΧڿٳɵʬ壬˿ȴȫ˿ȥ
ǧߵǰͬǱĺٳɵʬ
һɺ⽻֯⣬ӡ
ʱ䣬ܵ𻯵ŵǸо˸סһ㡣
ͨɾǧ꣬Ȼֲ
죡
ִǧд䣬飬пᡣ
Ϊ𻯵ŵ洫ӣһ洫ӵݣҪ֪𻯵һŵӵ֣Ȼʲô£֣ǧꡣ
ϵĲʬǧתһ뿪ȡ
Ψк⣬֯ܡ
ÿ¡
ŶԷ뿪ıӰĲоȫһŵɱ

Ϣĺܿ졣
˱ɱңɱĵйأ𻯵ŵӣִǰ飬ųϣг֮⡣
ȻɱֻʶΪ漰ĵӣȴǵ
ϾĵӻһݣʥӺѡˣҲѡˡ
ɱĵӣʥӺѡǧĵܵܣ
ڴ
ǡ
ֻ̫ϳʸȥԣųֻվ⣬ڴȥ
˭ɱġ
죬һɵŵӡ
ⳤۣӦ
ţ죿
ٴδȴǴһ˿졣
ǡ
۳ɺֻܹ֣ôŲ
ڣһʱûֱȥʮлﴫ˳
ǧĵܵܣƷΣʼĩһһ
ڵ˵
۳гɣƬ̺˵ܲȻԭǡ۳Ѿڵµһһʮڵ˻㱨
κ󣬻ٴδ
ǧ겻Ҫ¡
ܼࡣ
۳һ£漴Ӧڵ˵˼
˵
ǡ
һ۳תȥ

ʱѾŮصסΪŮԵҵķ˿
ϾͱˣЩϢ

š
Ůͷ
һЦ߳ŮķţŮںá
漴СԺƴ˿̻վԺ
лˡ
Ƶ
˵ĻΪưס˺գȻʵףȴûʲôˣĶ֮֡˵лˡ֣Ҫ⣬Ϊסգζ֮ҪǧΪУͬʱܻ𻯵ŵĳͷ£ûκԥᶨվߡ
Сӱ飬㻹ô㶨ǧɡ
Ʒۡ
Ų񷣬ɫѾ䰵Լ䣬ǳ׺У˸
ɱ
ֻôһ֡


525 һȭ
һɱֱ֣ӣȴʾеŭ
ǧ֪꣬ܵٳҪʲôȴºգٳɻٳɣ˵ǧٳ۸ŮˣôܷŹ
ܹоŭȴǷ˷ۣЩɱ
ɱҲɱ

Ų񷣬һƬĮ
ǧ꣬ʮ꣬ͨɵһ죬湦Ϊһǳǿķָ巽涼ŵơͨ棬ڤÿƶܴ˵ӰԷֱʵڡ
ͨǽͼ÷ǽͼԽ̽ͼųͼɵ⣬÷ݻһӰȻ٣ȴǲûɣǳ¡⣬һΪΡ
Ȼͨɵһأǣһͨǿ߶Ķ֡Ӧ֪ΪԽǵ˺ڣСʵԽͨɵһΪѹͨϱǿߣսٶ˵ɡ
˵
á

ƵĻû˿ʼԵúƽ
һô򶨣һҲģ

ֻ֪Ҫɱ

ʼ磬Ҳٶ˵ʲôһԺͷա
һҹܿȥ

峿ΪƬͶµĹԣһůʸС
һ죬𻯵Եúܲڵӣ໥䶼̽ʲô
ٳɱɱˣ£
ǻܼٵˣ
ǿǧ׵ܵܣ˭ô󵨣ɱٳɣѵ𣿡
ٳƽռŰĺܣθòһСǵһĵӰɣͬǺĵӣҪɱٳɣȻͲüɵǧˡ
ôܣٳţĵȴǶǵõģĸҵ
˭ɱģ
˵һɵŵӣǽ졣
ʲôŵӣŵӸɱٳɣ
˼䣬һ𣬱ѹĺܵ͡
գɱٳɣϢܿ㴫𻯵ţһĵӵĵܱܵɱˣȻһ¼Ҫ֪ĵӣǿʥӺѡˣһεѡˣ¹غĵӣºܿ㱻󲿷ע
Ϣʵһŵӣĸɱǧ׵ܵܣ
ɡ
Ͼʵ̫˼ˡ
ŵӣֻײˣײˣɱ߲ӵ׵ܵܣ
Ȼģ
Ŀһµվ
˳ơʱ䣬Χ𻯵ŵȫŲ˹

콲
ԣ죡
˵
һΧţڵûϸϾҲˡ
ʱԶ漴
Ⱥ̧ͷȥǼţԶӰΪ׵һӣͦΣɫȴޱȵᣬ⽻֯һɱ˵ĺɱ
ǧ꣡
˱ɫ
ʱ䣬ЩȫžҲû˸ٳɱɱ¡
ǧ경Ӳ죬ƽȴһַǳµĸо罣ء
ǧ˵ߣóһ·
ǧ粽Զȥ֮ǵȺĲʿһ
һ꣬ĬĬĸǧֻһֱۡ
Ǻգôһֻ֣
СԱߵˡ
գջٳɣնһֻ֡
Աߵѹ
ʲôǸŵն˺һֻ֣տ洫ӣհذ
˭֪ء
⡭
ʻЩˡ
ǧӲпᣬÿһ¶ܳȣԶȥ
꺫գǧ
𻯵ŵĺĵӣÿ˶׷ߣգǧ׷ߡϾĵΪʥӺѡˣлΪʥӣһΪʥӣļ̳ˣԼ׷һԼɵĳɾȻҲĵضһ˳׷˳ɲʥӣϵλҲǾܲ˵ģԣ׷ߣĺôǾٲ˵ġ
ĵǸʵǿΪǴͨɾѡ׷ʱȻҲ⣬ĳԣ𻯵Ҫ׷ںĵңȴУʮĵӣÿߣ಻ᳬ׷ߣЩ˸洫Ӽǧֻ꣬ѡ˺һˡ
գǧ˵ܵٳɡ
գס
ԣ峿ǧ궯ˡ
ǣҪŵסȥ
ƺȷʵŵӵס
ŵס⡭
ǧ꣬Ҫȥ
˼ýֺͷõ
С
ĵǧ꣬ʱҪȥסʲô£Ȼȥɱ֣ܵܵҵ󣬽ֻΣȻҲ˵ǧ꣬ȥɱ˵ģ
ʱ䣬˶ȥ
Ǹŵӣˡ
ɲǣɡ
ɿǽֹͬż໥ɱģǧҪɱˣǡ
ɣǧʲôˣĵӣʥӺѡˣһĵɱһŵӣûʲô£ɻΪһŵӵΪѺĵӣ
⣬ǡ
ŵӣҲǴ󵨣ȻɱͬţңɱĻǺĵӵ׵ܵܣƣĺʹɡ
ҡͷ
ܿ죬ǧŵŵԽԽࡣ
ֱֹȥһӣڣһŵסһСԺǰ
Ժˣ洫ƣô⣿
˵ƺǸŵӹϵջæźţǣߵǸ꣬ɱٳɵˣ
Ӧǡ
Ŷ˶ǰ
ȻȺһ۾Ϳǰˡ
ˡ
ʼ硣
Įɨϱ۵ĺգĿںԵĺϡ
룬ֱӱ֪ӣǺĵǧˡ
ʱ䣬ɢ
ǧӱһǿĽƣֱӱСԺľ
ǣǸŮˣȥҵܵᡣ
ܱ䡣
ŶȺһǧ˼Ҫɱ죬ҪɱƣһҪɱĳŮӡ
⡭
ƱϾ洫ӣңԼ洫ӵһ֮ƣҲҪɱ
洫ӵһΣͺĵӣûñȡ
ɡԵ
ĵӣʥӺѡˣɵĳϣ˼аԵʱ
С
Ժ̯̯֣췭ۣСӣ˧ұˡ
ϢϯܣǧƣӷǳƽÿһȴпµĽɢ;رһۣ͵졣
áǿƣ
Ǻĵӵƣ̫̫ˣ
⣬ȥĵ⣬˭ܵˣ
Ⱥ𾪡
ƣ̫ڿֲˡ
ʱһƿյ䡣
ԺڣӰʧһ̣ͬ˲ƶǧǰ
飡
һȭȵǧϣ֮ʮɶԶ


526 㣬ս
ǧ嵹ɣʮԶֱϵľͣ
һĻ˽Աɫ
⡭
Ǹǧ꣬ˣôܣ
ĵӣһŵӡ򡭡ˣ
Ⱥˡ
ǧЯֲƱ죬ת۱ǰһȭ絾˰ɡ
⾪סˡ
𺳣ʶٶȣǳ죬뵽ǧҲٶ꣬ûܹʱӦ
ʱΨһ˴Ц
СӣɵƯһȭ̫ˣЦǰҪжţЩڶȴת۱㱻ɣңһڲǧĿһУͳҪɱˣˬʱֱӳ
һ󵨣Ȼ˷ǧꡣ
Ǹ죬ֻͨŵӣ
⡭
Ⱥľ
ĿϣЩ˽Ǻ𺳣һͨŵӣܺǧꣿ
ʱһ˵
Զҷɵǧվ˫Ǻ⣬ȷʱɭ
죡
ִǧдʱ䣬һɿֲĽɢռ俦졣
ЯͨɾȴȻһʼ㱻ɣ裡裡
죬еɱŨˡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Хͻأ
طû˼ǧýһ̣ȴͻأֳʮɲĽÿһǵȽһɹɿ硣
˿ɲĽƣһʿļ£ŵŵŵĺˡ
̫ˣ
Ƚһ˭
ﬣ
һǧߣܼĽ볯նȥ
Ʊ΢СӣģʱǽͼĽͨ
ܹо

û˿η壬̧һɫͼ֣ʩʩȻתǰ
ӡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ǧĽն̼䱻ȫʧΡ
סһ
ǽͼͨĽǸŵӣȻȫ
ôܣ
˽Ծ
ǽͼ𻯵һڷǳµͨΨкĵӲʸ֮ͨɾǧʩչǽͼûжȫҲһǳֲͨɾ֮°˵˿ɵڣȴ
ղţʲô
ƺҲһͨǡûм
Ҳ
ע⵽չͼСۡ
һۣСӣţ
ǧʩչǽͼȻô׾ͱίʵȡ
û˵ʲôеͼһҲǷ˿ն顣
ͷ棬Կӡǣ壬Զ
ĿȥֻЦЦ
ˣܹˣѾˣ˸ӿǴͨɾ磬ңԶͬͨǿ
Ƶ
䣡
ܹӿֲ
ǧһ˱Ӳп飬ͬŵһɱ
ߣнͼԻ
Žͼһԣʱ䣬Ϊ֮Ϊ֮ѿ¶ȶ
СӣôǲǺܿ£
ʼ硣
ͷϢȷʵܿ£һͨʿǿ˺ܶࡣ
ϢȻ£ǣȴη塣
䣡
ǰһֺĴɽӣҶݺ̬ǧͬһʱ䣬ҵɱҲ߶˳â
ƣʱסһˡ
ǣ
ǿһŵеʵ𣿣
ҵ죡
ˡ
Զ¶֮ɫ΢΢ЩԭΪֻٶȺܿѣɼ쵲סǧɱټ˿ɢƣ׸ıԼ뷨죬ֻٶȿ죬սҲǷǳ£Զǿ
¡
ĴɽԻĿռ¡¡
վ󣬵Բ˫ۣʵϢ̫ǿˣ
ƺǧϢǿһЩ

ǧߵĽͼʵˣƣˡ⡭
˾
ǧ罣Ϣһתۼǿ˽ʮ
Ȼ䣬쫷쭡
áǿ
⡭ͨǿߵϢҪºܶడ
˭ܵס
Ĳ
죬˶ҡͷ
ˡ
̾Ϣ
Щ˵ڵ£ɱٳɣȻ˶ȣȴ˶ΪкãΪٳƽռǧԵ𻯵ŵĵӶѹ
ɱٳɣ˿ȫΪɳնԣһ£Եǧɢ˿µʱھҪɱʱ˶ɵ̾Ϣϧ
ֻǾˣЩȴʲô

Ц

ס֡
ʱһƽ
ϲ֪ʲôʱһߣʱ佫˵Ϣȫѹ¡
ϣ
Ⱥɫ
һ̣ڶдɫǳ
ϵߣ΢΢
ͨ졣

𻯵ź󣬳ȴ̫ϳ⣬ϸ˵𻯵ŵһڳϣͨϴʮˣΪͨɳڵͨزȡ֮ͨ⣬𻯵ŻʮϣЩˣͨ۷塣
Ϻ̫ϳһһ㲻֣Ǳޣ𻯵ŵĹͷŻ߳ߣһڵӶ˵ĳƺټ֮оĶԷΪ֪ˣͨϵһˡ
죬Ŀͣ˼漴ǧꡣ
ǧ꣬˻ȥҪ¡
ϵ
ƽȴǶʱ˽Բ죬ǧꡭ£
⡭
һЩˡ
ǧǺĵӣʥӺѡˣδѡˣǿɱһŵӣ˶ΪɶԴ˱ضһֻ۱һֻۣܣһû뵽£ɲˣǧ£
ɱҵܵܣ
ģ̌ͷ𻯵ŵĴϣû˿⣬Եõͳ
ܵٳռʲôǰʲôԼ
ɫƽ
Ϊ𻯵ͨϵһˣ϶𻯵ŵ·ǳ⼸ٳƾǧ裬һֻ۱һֻۣٳЩ£ȴǺļǵáʱûеЩ£ǸǧӣϾǧĺǿ𻯵ŵĽܳš
ǧɫʱֱֱĶŴϣҵܵܣɱˣ
ֻôһ仰ǧ겻ãԵЩǿơ
ǧ꣬ע˵ڣֻʥӺѡˣʥӣвϲҲĮ⣬ԭ£
ԣطٴαɫ
ԭ
ձɫǧ겻Ҫ£⡭Ȼԭ
Ҳ΢㶣ü
Сӣʶôоƫ̻Ƶģ
С
첻΢΢ҡͷ
ǧɫúѿȭͷһɼ˿ɲϢڽ֯
̵Ķ죬ֱȥʮǧתȥԿڣҪ£ʲô޷Υ־
ˡ
Ǹ죬ñɱˡ
ǵġ
С
ǧ뿪˶нкãڴ󲿷˿ٳɸɱٳɵˣһƽ£˶΢Ц
ͣ¡ʱһĮǰһǧ꣺㣬ս


527 Ŀ
ǧ꣬䣬һ顣
ٳ۸Ůǰˣȴ˵ǺŮ۸ס
ˣɱ
ʲô
ս
⡭
Ҫǧս
񾭴ˣ
ȺԱɫ
˶죬Դ˲ɣŲ֣ѾǶһ٣ȴʱǧս
ЩˣȻǴҲü졣ʹϿʵȴǧ껹ž޴Ĳ࣬Ҫ֪ǧ꾡ֻͨɳڣһͨʿǶ֣һսʤϣΪ㡣
һק죬СӣĸˣѸղŵĻʻȥ
ҡͷֻǧꡣ
ʮպս
Į
ûǧҲҴӦûκʵıҪΪǧһӦս
ǧƫͷӥһˣĶ죺ʮպȡҪ£޷˵ʲôȥΥ־ȴսøɱĻᣬôܾ
ϣˣ޻˵ɣ
ǧ۴ϣ䣬ɨ죬ֱת뿪
һĮźڵɱ⡣
ϣ϶죬΢΢üͷҲתԶȥӼսֻҪ˫Ըűûɲ֣ȴñ
ܿ죬ʧԶ
ֱԶСԺΧһȺ𻯵ŵӣ
һŵӣĵս
⡭
˿Ц
˶죬Լȫ뷨ʵ̫ˡ
һ˹ȥĲҡҡСӣӳˣǧղҲоˣȻ󣬵Ҳ̫СȻǺǿ󣬵񣬲ǧĶ֣˸ͨǿ߶ɱ
ôȷһܸ
ƽ
ȷҡͷһ䣺ǿ϶
ǺǿԶͨͨǿڵĻһսҿȷʵǶ֡Ļƽô˵ɱһ
죬ֻͷۣôţ֪˵ʲôˡ
аɣȥɽڸȡ
Ƶ
ڿӣüʲôã
㡣
Ʋ졣
ˣֻЦЦûж˵ʲô
ܣΪǧĹϵԺӱƻ˲٣ԭΧľɢˣԵúҡǰ֮ǰһȭǧʱñ֮ȡԳһһľ
ԺӵľˣȻޡ
ɣǸϲˡ

컹ԺӵʱϢͬ˳ķת۴𻯵š
ʲôһŵӣǧս
ǵġ
˲ɣ
𻯵ţԵ𺳣һŵӣȻĵӽս
ĵӣǧ꣬ǿͨɾڰ
⡭
ǣǡ
㲻
ҡͷ
֮ûжã𻯵гϳ棬Ϣ
ʮպ𻯵Ͽǧ꣬һսʤ
Įࡣ
һ𻯵һڵٴηڡ
ɳǡҪս
м٣
⡭ȫǺս
ҡͷ
һڵӣܲ˶Ըʵȴû˾Ӯ
Ӯǰܡ
ˣ

̾Ϣ
Ȼ𻯵Ҳôһ˱Ƚ˷ܣʮպ֡ŵӶԺĵӣһײ㣬һ߲㣬һսһͺ˼

һգܿȥ
컨˲ʱ䣬ԺľѾ޺ãԭľƯ
峿վԺм䣬ӭųɣԵúС
ι
˹Ȼɣʱۡ

б
ٹǺ˸ǧսӣȻһܣҲõҽһҽǣǺú˼£ɶӦ֮
Ƶ
ɨһۣͶһҲûУ
ǸûС
Ƶͷ
˵ʲôӭųɡ
еӣƺΣһߵʯͻȻһֻʵ۲̫༱ĸо˵⻰־Щ̫Ծ˼󣬶ʱţ@#ģӲ̫࣡

ʱ䣬һһš
ļʱԵúУÿԺʱһµӣڵʱԺʯ⣡
˵ڿֻ˵棬ûж֣ȥһˡ

е𣿡

ڿȥ
˾䣬ͷߡ
һЦû˵ʲôֱԶ̧ͷĵơ
ưƮţϵЦϢӱһƬ䡣
ʱһȥ𻯵ҲԵԽԽԽԽ֡
ֻˣ󣬱ǧԾ
ˣжһ뷨
úڰ漴ڰɢȥ
һգȥ
һչȥ
һ죬𻯵ŵﵽˡ
Ϊһ죬ǧԾӡ
ڵʱˣ
߰ɣϿ
һ𡣡
ŵӣ˽Уһȥ

Ͽλõһɽ䣬䳡Բǧҡ
Ƭɽ䣬ֽ̨ΪҪӽսĵط
һգֻ峿ʱ֣ϿܱΧˣŽӽųɵĵӶˣ˶ԵЩ˷ܡͬʱϿ⣬𻯵ŵĲٳϼǿҲˣһϮ۵ĴϺȻУʱʱһüͷϿڡ
ǧ꣬Ѿڳˣ
磡
˵ձˣѾվһҹ
ۡ
ȥǧͬħɽһ㾲Уˣ˸űĹ⡣ֻվûһȴľоһ˵ơ
ơÿ£
Ĳ
˿̣ǧͬһʵħ
Ͽ⣬𻯵ŵһЩͨҲɵľƣֲ̫ˡ
Ǹŵ죬ǧս
гҡͷ
ʱ䣬һһţ˶Ͽ
ϿڣѾһˡ
ڣֻһˡ
⣬ʱˣǸ죬ôû
ǰ˺þˡ
ѵηˣ
˵
ҲվȺУǧԾȻܲ
һʲô
Ƶ
ϣ̫ȥתۼ䣬ʱ֡
𻯵ӵϿܣ峿ʱֵʱ֣󲿷˶ѾüͷȵЩͷˣвСǲηˡ֮󣬺ܿ죬һʱȥ˶Ϊηս˵ʱԶĵƽϳһӰƽ
ˣ
˾
һ˲䣬еӽƫͷĿϣһڳϡ
ϿУӭǧ˵ɱ⣺ȡ
ĸ֣ɭȻ飬ɱ⡣
⣬ƽһǰǧʮλϡ
Ϧƻ裬ʺɱˡ
Ǵźڵɱ⡣


528 ĶԾ
Ϧ䣬ΪƬһѪɫĹԣһĩյ˥ܡ
ϿĮǧ꣬ǰĺڷ΢΢İڶš
䣬ļҲ
ǧɭ䡣
һûκζǧڳһɿ񱩵ƣֻɲǼѣܼĽâڳͷ֯һŽͼܻһС
ǽͼ
ͨ𣿣
ɱ
Ͽ⣬ȺɫǼͼɱϿ˽Բ
һЩҲ붯ݣ¶صı飬ǧʵЩ¡
˵Ȼǽͼǿ۷弶Ĵͨ

似вλ֣ͨȻҲУԾɵ͵߷ֱͨɼͨͨ漶ͨͨԼ缶ͨͨĵȼͬûνµеȺϵ֣ͨ۷弶ǿ
ǽͼ۷弶ĴͨԱȵϰ׼Ұǧ
ﬣ
ǽͼһΪ֮һ촫
ƾҲɱҵܵܣǧޱȲпᣬɭȻµɱ⣺һ˲䣡һһ˲˽Ĺ֮ƣҲߵǸŮӣһɱҵܵܣйصˣк³
䣡
ӿֲɢǽͼһ𣬿ռʱ飬涼Ѻۡ
⣬⡭
ǧ꣬ǿˡǰǿ˺ö࣡
һսǸ죬ܻ
Ⱥ𾪡
ԶЩĵط۴ü΢΢Щɫ
ǧ꣬Ҫﵽͨɵڶˣֻ벽
Աһϳ
һ̣˶ųУһ̣˶Ϊǧ
ĶԾ죬ֻһܡ
һµ
ﬣ
һ콣صϿڣǧ궯ˣǽͼһƿճɱȥɱ׵ܵܣô飬Ǿɱǽͼ߶˼ޡ
նͨǿߣ
䣡
â⣬쫷ϯ
쾲ԭأǰĺڷĿ趯
ֻǣͫױǰδеı䡣
ҪɱƣҪɱйصˣк³ĻɭȻ飬ӸЩˣͬһ㶢ǧ꣺ޱвң
Ż䣬ǰһˮʯ֡
䣡
ˮʯ΢΢һ𣬶ʱҡض·޾նҪ
תۼѣƬռ䱻һɷ츲صĻɱ⸲ǣٵֱ۰ϸɱ𣬺¡¡һֽ̣ͬһ㣬סɾɱһı飬һƬƬ̮ϿΪ֮

ǧǽͼ˲䱻ɣֱڿķѡ
ʲô
ÿµɱ⡭
Ǹ죬ʲô
˽Աɫ
Զ𻯵ŵһЩˣԾ
ɱ󣿣
ƿɱ̨
ңɱ󡭡ôôǿ
һڳ𺳡
ͨ۴Ҳľɱ̫ˣЩļ¡
䣡
ɫ֣ƬУһһ縡֣˸ڹԡ
ԣɱ⡣
ǧ꣬Ľֻ֣
캮
ǰʮʱ䣬˿ƿУʲôҲûʵȴȻգȷʵУʱ֣ȴĬĬڿӡɱ̨õˮʯָʮ飬ʮҹ䣬һɱֻ̨ܶһǣʮ֮һûУɱǧ꣬㹻ˡ
ǧУҪǧооԵľԣһֱӽɱ󻽳һ̣һɱתһƵĿֲɱʮռȫ嫵ɱ֣ƬضΪ֮ʧȥɫʡ
ǧǽͼɱ飬ܵĿֲɱ⣬ֱӱɫ
ң
ǧŭ
Įԭزһʮɱնǧꡣ



˲ѣǧߵĽȫ飬ͬ
һǧǱɱĺɣڿѪԶĳС
첻
Ȼ䣬ȴʮɱ⳯ǧնȥ
ǽͼ
ǧ
ǽͼٴ۶ȷŸʵǿᣬ֮ǿ೤ľ
ֻǣûʲôá
ʮɱһǽͼٴα顣
ۣ
һɱ⴩ǧĸֱӽǧĺɣٴοȳһھѪ
ӵվǧиɭȻŭͬް㶢졣
䣡
һɹĲڳһ̣һӰԻЩӰܼޱߣǧÿһīΨѪɫӿԿˡңЩӰһԼɭɭĺⷺţˡ
ǣ
÷
۷εĴͨǧǿɱ֮һ
˾
÷ֲǳ
䣡
ܼӰ֣ռƬռÿһ䣬·Եһ㣬Ҫ꣬һͷƤĸоʱ֪ЩֻݻͨΣȴΪ֮Ĳη塣
ɱ
ǧȵ
ʱ䣬ǧӰ붯ĳӿȥͬκ˰ûϡ
ԭأһֻĮĶǧꡣ
䣡
һɱΪ֮ڡ
Уһɱ£ͬһ䡣
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ת۶ѣǧ껽Ӱȫ飬λÿջ꼻һ֡
һɹٴνǧɨĺɣӡ
÷ͨ˲ͱ
Ǹǧ꣬ȻȻ޻֮
⡭
Ͽܣ˶סˡ
ųУɴ˫ۣſڣ૵ĵҵѽ
ȥϿڣϱ鲼һƣͬӡһЩһ㣬Ī⣬˸
Ǽһ֮ǰʢûпʦ⡭ѵǿʦ
ˡ
¡
ҡɱһ񷶼쫷һϯܡ
ʱϿȫɱ֣һɷ·Եĺʮ
Ͽڣһʮɱ⳯ǧȥ
һɱվԭزֻ趯ӡ
ۣ
ǧŸովһ̱һαɨʮԶ
ѪˮգεΣһƬĿ
һ𻯵ŵϿһסˡ
ʮǰǧսʱ˶ԴˣһŵӾȻһĵսⲻǸʱûκ˿죬ʤǧ꣬˾ⳡսȫһĶԾǧʤȻڣǰһĻ˶ɫͣΪԤеĳ棬ûг֡
ĵӵǧ꣬ͨɾǧ꣬˿̣ȫǱѹŴ
ڣŲƶ
ĶԾƺǡƺǧ꣬Ҫˡ



529 С
˶ˣϿڵһĻĻһǴ𺳺Ͳ˼顣
ĵǧ꣬ͨɾţսʼڣȴȻ޻ֵ
˵
ͨ۷۴ϣ˿Ҳ¶ɫ
̫ˣ
䣡
Ͽڣ𶯣һɱڣͬ㽻֯Ƭڡ
У䡣
һܼɱһƬƬɹǧٴնȥ
ռ俦֨죬һƬ
ƣ
ǧ𣬾ܿѪȴɢ˸ǿǰ֧һ̵ĽֻǣȹĻɱǰȴǲô
һĻ飬ǧٴκɣѪˮὦ
죡
ŭ쳹ʮ
ǧվҧŭɱһɵŵӣվѣǿɱ˵˵زңôɵǰһδλˣо˾޴裬ɱȫ
飬һܼɱٴն¡
ɱʮƶǿ;֮ռһŤһ̣ʮɱնĵطͻȻʧȥǧӰа˵ӰһûбʮɱУ󣬰˵ӰһطԻǧꡣ
ǣ
㿪ɱ⣬һΣ½ǶûбУ
⡭
˾ȡ
鲻䣬ֻ΢ɱնǧꡣ
ȻǧӰЩλ˵ӰԻȥͬǾˮһ㲻ɴǽɱеɱһһٶȷǳĿ졣
ڤ
ˣȷʵǧǿ֮һٶ˫

˶ݡ
ڤһǿͨˣٶۣͬʿѱȼ磬ľˡңֻٶȿѣʩչʱܴ˵ӰÿһʵԱϡ
䣡
𶯣Ͽڣһڷ⣬ɱ⼫ǿ
һɱеɱȫĳǧѹȥһƬƬռ䡣ֻǣʱǧƸıˣڤǳ죬ʹɱɱѻжԷ½Ƕõ
⡭ͨͬĴսڲ֮ذ
ɱ࣬ǧԿżǡɱʧȥ˰
սֻ֣䲻ɣ
˲졣
ţ˶ǧҪˣڣڤ˺ָı뷨ǧʩչͨٶ̫ˣɱЧˡ
վֻԼʵǸǿձȡ
ǧĶ졣
˵Ӱ˸޷ֱ𣬴һɱ⣬ٳ˹ȥ
ޱ飬ֻɱ⡣
ǰڶˮʯ
ʱ䣬һƬԻƺƵһƬƬ۶ͬһʱ䣬ܼɱӵص׳Ƭռ˲䱻һƵĳС
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ǧʩչڤĻӰתۼ䱻ǿܼɱķ顣
۵һһɱǧϣ֮Ѫɡ
Įܣܼɱӿ϶ȫǰ
ǧڤȷʵ˵ӰֲһʵٶҲܿ죬Ⲣûʲôˣǚiٶȣǧٶǧꡣֻǣûôôˣᶯ֣Ҫɱǧ˽ᣬöԷ
䣡
ɱɲݺʮ
һĻϿһŵӽԲ
ɱ⣬ǿˡ
ļ¡
Щ˶ϿڣֻоƬֱǻһƬ

ԼֹȥʮвҽϿڴ
ڶɱɱøֲøܼһСķΧںնǧƶĿռ䣬Ϊƶﶼɱ⡣
Ǹǧ꣬ȻȻڲҽУ
ڤûˣ
ɱ⣬̫̫ˣûܰ
˲
ȥϿȫɱ⸲ǣÿһռ䶼Уңֲܿ
ƿɱԭزɱ޾䡣
ǧ꽫ڤʩչޣȴãɱ̫ˣôƶɱ⣬ոƶĳһλʱɱֱӾͻ
תۼѣǧѾǱѪܡ
Ǳ̬Ĳ𻯵ŵĵӽһǺĵӰ
ǧڴսȴҲע⵽Ͽ˵ı飬ʱӷŭ㿴Ǳӣ䶪죬ֱӷһһ漴˱ǸоһɿֲϢɢǧɢ˳
ﬣ
ǧгһ󽣣ݺݳǰһն
һЩֲһɲɵֱӱһա

󽣣˾
˶ݣоɫ𺳣𻯵ڣһĳ϶ûУ
һóߵսһء
һЩͨ˶ÿֲ
˸ӣ
ԶƴͬʱҲЩĵĿ죬Ͼĺܿ¡
ʱǧ꣬ʹʱǧ꣬սǿ֮ġ
ﬣ
죬ϿڣпֲĽɢ
ǧȡңͬһʱ䣬ǽͼ÷Ҳʩչ˳һ޴ĽͼԻӰ˳
ȻұƵһ
죬ǧ̣ܲһĵӣͨɾǿߣȻһռŵӱƵóͨңǱƵļѹ׵ֶԣǷ̣裡һ̣ɱȻҲʵĸߡ
Ҫ
ǧͺ
וּһ£罣ħһ㣬նѿռ䣬һɱ⡣
ƣ͵£鵽㣬ǽٷ
ǿ
˾塣
Ƚƣ֮ǰκʱҪֲ·𣬿նһС
ӭȽƣıû˿仯Į飬пᡣ
ǿս
ƽ
ƽУһĮӡ
漴һ̣ǰеˮʯ
̼䣬ֲɱ⸡ƬֹסĲ¡¡ʮոֳһһѺۡ
ӭɱ⣬Ȼͨ۴϶Ϊ֮Ĳ
Ϣ̫ˣ
ǧɫ⽣ͻأⲻΪηʹƱΪɱڣֲɱ֯۳һɱⷽɱɫֱѹĽ嶼ѹˣʱЩԶ
ޱ飬ɱʰ㸩ǧꡣ
ɱ̨һһļ㹻ʱͨڣս۷壬ԼžԵţʱǳĽ𣿡Įǧ꣬ޱȲп᣺ȵľʱ򣬴ʱɱ㣬ʡ
ʲô
ͷβֻֻǧͨǧꣿ
Ҫǧǿ״̬ɱԷ⡭
Ͽܣ˽ԱɫȻ۴ϺһЩҲ𾪡
ⳡսǧͷβڱˣ棿ǽͼ÷÷ڤڤǿһУǧʩչǧʲôǡС㣿


530 Ұ
ǧɫ࣬Щŭ졣վɱг棬ʩչһͨǿһУȻֻʩչҪֶξսǿʱɱ죬ǽСһڶԴ
Ϊǣʣ
ǧ𣬸ԸĻ
וּһ񱩵ĽƴڴӳøǿѹһŤ
䵭һܼɱɨ
ۣ
ǧ⣬ͼɣɣӰʧˣѪɡ
ԶվǧڿѪ㡭
ۣ
һɱն۵һۡ
ǧҽУ漴ŭٻ󽣡
һ󽣹âţʢ

Աߣٵɱѹ£ֱӽûд˳
ȥǧʮѺۣȥʮɶԶ
ˣ
˽Աɫ
˾ۣһȻôʮѺۣȻ
ͬʱЩҲȻղ˵Ļ
ƣҪɱǧ꣬治ѡ
ͷβȻֻˣǧꣿ
Ĳ
ʱǧѾչֳ۷սͨһֶξǿ״̬Ȼǿ״̬ȴ˲˱ͨ飬ѣҲǺ޿ֱ֮ϣҺɡ

ǧ𣬱ѪҲѪͬһŭ졣
죬ڰˣ
죬ǹҪˣ
𣿱𣿷ŭΪţ𻯵η壬һܵ𻯵ȴͬС𻯵һڵӺͳǰӲдɥ֮Ȯһ˻𡣡
ƽǣȴܲпᡣ
ǧҵĲֱӿȳһѪһ̣屻ɱնˣʹޱȣ֮ϣĻʹͬһĥ
죡
ǧɫ˫۱鲼Ѫ˿ͬһ㶢졣
ޱ飬Ψбɱ⡣
ָ̧ƽ죬â˸
Ľֻ֣
Į
Ż䣬̯ŵ֣Ȼ£
һɱøӷڣֱ۰ֵɱһƬƵ޾ɱ˷һʱ佫ǧûһٸǧ˿ܵأûиԷҽеĻᡣ
ۣ
һѪڿըĿʺ졣
ȥϿɱӯҰλãԭˣȴֻʣһˣԼһ̯ѪУһɽ
ǧꡭˡ
૵
˶סˣϿڣһͬľܵһ㡣
ĵӵǧ꣬ͨɾǧ꣬ҵİ
ôܡ
Ⱥվһֻ꣬һֱۣǧ׷ߣ洫Ӻգ˿̴͵Ͽڡ׷źĵӣˣôҵˣԣɲһ£ǰǰ̺δȫѹǧϣǧʤΪ϶ϱۣڡһжˣ
һ۴ϺһЩͨǶųУ𺳣𾪡
ƸŴͣԲ˫ۣǧꣿʵ˵ƶһսǺܵǵģ쵣ǣΪûʤǧ꣬õĽܾˣɽȴǣǧֶξҵıն
̫ˣ
䣡
ͻȻֲٴγ𺳴е𻯵һ
ϿֻǰɱڣɱȻ˲佫ڵϵһû
󽣣Ϊǧ彣ΪһƷ

Ĵɳ
ɳɢȥԭسһ޴Ŀӣɽ׻Ƭ

һôסˣ

˽Ծ
ǿڴսһЩȴҲǳֲֵǣһɽȻôˣٵĺԥҪ֪ǧսɽǿԼȡеģ
ﰡ
ۣһڱǽԼǸǶð
ǰϿһɹɷ磬ɳ
ǰڷ΢΢ƮܣǧһսϿĵѾ˲٣ż޴Ŀӻֻɨۣ漴ûͣתԶȥһսǧȻûıҪ
Ⱥ뿪Ŀ˸ûһ˵
ֱԶϿ
Ͽڣӡǳԡ
ԾУһûж
ļ¡
սĹУ˶ƶǶûôȥ˼ֱڣսǧ걻ɱµĽӡЩ˲Ϊ˸е𺳡һδɱ𻯵ŵĺĵӣɱһͨɾţ
۴ϵȻҲǷԽӡüɵýƫͷȥıӰһ˵ֱǸħһδɱһͨɾţǺεȵսңУǲգһۣʱƽԾĹҲƽֱɱǧƽ뿪
µ꣡
ϵ
£ΪֶΣΪǷݳѳ˵ľ
ܿ죬ϵ˻عϿڣɵýüͷ΢΢̾Ϣǧ꣬ʮﵽͨɾţɶԣò˵һ޴ʧʧȥδһӢ
ˣһжǧݵܵΪıӦɡ
ϵ
֮תۼ˹ս𻯵һڵɢȥ

뿪Ͽܿصŵס
ʱϦѾ£սúڰ
Сӣ˧ˣ
ûã˹
һսնǧ꣬ʱѾپȣһˬ
ڵĿӣŲóˡ
Ц
ԺһʯϣʱԵúܷɡ
ٳɺǧ꣬ɱˣеŭȻɢˡ
˵˵ѣڣƲ죬һҲԸͣб죬˵С湻գǧʮպսȻɱ̨ӦԣֱǸǧһĿȥ
ⳡսϸϸһ룬ͻȻǧʵйģãؼеĻڵǧһڲΪԴӦսһ̿ʼֱڵС
˵ɱһɱ
Ժãֱҹʱ֣Ʋ뿪Լס
һԺͷŲãǿա
ʵ
Щ
ǧУеŭɢȥȴǳЩΪͨյĶԾǧĺǿܿ£ƾʵսܵģضǿΪڣԶڣҪǿǿ


531 
Ժʯţ˸žâţԼӦøŬЩˡ
ʿ磬ʵĺҪ
˫ۣļת˸ʹľ񻺻
תۼ䣬һҹȥ
˺ˡ
гʱŮ߳
˫ۣʯԾ£Цȥ
СУһľʵӣСһˡ
㡣

ŮѾ·ʵǳ󣬵һЩϰȴûиı䣬бٹȵԽʣֻҪпʱ䣬ȴÿնЩ򵥵ķˡ
㲻鷳ͺá
Ů
̷ֱٹȵʳȷʵЩ鷳
ôᣬ΢Цǰڹʱ̤֮·ҲбٹȵʱֻҪڼңÿնһЩҡ
ã
Ů΢㶡
еģһɶ£Ҳ࣬ǱСҡ
ͷ
ţǰ丮ʱϦһĳ޼
á
Ů
̸ܿʱдźԵͳ硣
һֱչ˱Ƚ϶࣬ԼΪְֳܲЦתƻ⣬˵ˣϢգȥȣҸʯ
ŮԵú

ʱ𻯵ڿνǷڵ˼㣬һڵӣ϶žɫ
벻벻Ǹǧ꣬ǰ㱻ɱˡ

һĵӣţͨɾΪȴǱһվŵɱĲ
̫ˣ
֮࣬ȴҲԵú˷ܣһֽĸо
ɱĺã
⼸꣬ٳаŮĶһѣǧݵģǧ꣬Ԫף
ǣ
찡ֱŵӢۣ
ԣ
˵
𻯵ڣЩٵӿɶǱٳȻһЩ洫Ҳ⣬κǧڣ˶Ǹŭԣٳֻһζáɱٳɺɱǧ꣬𻯵ӿΪ𻯵һڴ󺦣󲿷˶˾͸м֮ġ

ܿ죬չȥ
峿Ů߳Ժӣȥ
գ׼ŮȥԼҲ
𻯵ڣÿռ䶼вٵڣ죬˶һǰĻƻʱ֣ϿǧԾһδ㽫֮ɱѪȾϿȻѾǴ𻯵š񣬶죬𻯵¿˵˲֪˲˿Щ˼ǰܹη
ȳѾϰΪ⣬Ůȥ
ܿ죬ڡ
УӶһҲ¶η֮ɫ
죬ɱǧ꣡
첻Щ˵ŮúѰһΪŨʯңͶһЩ޺˺󣬽Ļ򿪡֮ʯȡʮƾᣬ֮Ůҽ;ʹþķһ߸Ů
ҾԱߣպ뿪
ŮЦ
Ůһʯңܿ죬ʯĴĻٴ𣬽ʯ֡
תԱߵʯңͶһЩ޺˺󣬽뵽С
ʯ㲻ϥ£չƾᣬʱ䣬ʯڵŨ١
ľ磬ԾŨȣʵѾ𲻵ʲôãһ˿ҲǺõġ
Уܱûкã
΢΢һļת
ˣ
â֯ܿ죬Ͷ뵽֮С
վ磬վ磬ǴԪʹԪʱ䣬Ӷͨɾ磬еʥá˿̣ԵúܰʯڵŨ壬ļ£һĴԪ
ʶҲڣʹڵԪԿüҲӵס
ܿ죬չȥ
պʯڣ˫ۣ˵ľ񣬽һЩ
ȴֻһ˿ѡ
ôȥҪشﵽأúķʱ䡣

һ;Խǵ˺棬ٶȱԽﵽ죬һЩҲٵúķһʱ䷽ɡ츳ǿ壬±ɴﵽ죬ٶǷǳˣȥһᾪɵһˣǣȴǾЩˡ
ǿʿֻмʵǿˣ㡣
˶٣ԹԵҡҡͷ
һһ

ȻǿҲ֪˿ɲá
߳ʯңŮѾ棬˱»صסʱÿһվͻŮȥУһȥգ˵ľڻţΪȻҲһϽi
ܿ죬һ¹ȥ
һʱ䣬ΪҪﵽжΣŮǴﵽء
Сӣܿ̿డôŬ̧ѹ֮ĺȻȼһʰһգûȥȣ˹ĲӣôСӣһȥսɡ
ģ
һ㶡
Ƶͷ𻯵Ų̫ԶնУԼվܴﵽ죬ƽŵһƬ֣ǳѷ͵ˣԱǿġޱ鲼дﵽͨɾεĴڡ
һƬѷĵط޿ԴﵽͨɼĲΣʵҶ˵Ӧÿĵǳ£ȻһЩվĴҲ׿ĺܣսˡԣƬһֱŵӺһЩɢ޵֮
ʿʿսгɳ
ƹĲӵ
оâ΢һ仰ʱȴǲɵһЦǻ˵һЩĻʿսгɳһֱҲôΪΨսĥ³ǿʵͬǾλÿ˶ǾĴսųɾ֮λֻֿѹϰ˻ģʿη
Ʒۣȥǲȥ
ȻǳڵiٶʵЩҷǳˣǺƳȥһЩǿµսһiٶҲҲ˵׼
Уôľˣ
Ƶͷ
ãƱ뿪Ҫȥ׼һЩϾĿɲ򵥡
оâ΢аġ
ƽﵱһƬء
һ죬ܿ쵽ҹϣǳԲºʣ´Ƭɫԡ
һҹûнϢСԺߣڼžҹ˫ֻÿһ£һԻܿȥ
ܿ죬չȥ
ռ䣬ûȥʼմסüҹСԺӡһɱ󣬿ɱ̨ɱ̨ͿСԺӵһɱԿףȫŮҪȥս֪ȥãԱȻÿһŮԴİΣɱ̨СԺһɱǿԳ׷
ȫһ
뿪ǰŮվԺĶ
ЦŮͷ漴ȥ
ܿ죬𻯵⣬
С˸ˣ˵ǲ뿪ǰ´һ£ƺٺֱЦһı飺ʱͦҶ˰ʱˡ

бһۡ
Ʒۣȴ̲סЦ
߰ɡ
ڿնתۼ뿪𻯵ţԶȥ
Ŀĵأģ


532 
ģ𻯵ŴԼңԶһ㣬һƬѷڣˣÿǰĵʿȴﲻвʮŵŽĥԼսʿǶԣƬһãȻҲһƬǵĵΪڣǳΣգ
ʱѾ֮ʱʱֵʱȥѾվ˲Ӱûߣڳſȥ
ţ
ָŴڵһģ
бһۣҲûгɣһ𣬺ܿǿ˴֮С
ʼһڣʱоޱȾ˵Щ£ͷ·Ƭǵʥءһ棬ָое·Ǵɽ˷㣬ȷ⡣
оˣ˵ĺΣգսʿǻÿοٻָԪԼ⣬Ͼ˵ԪתתѷĵطʿڻָԪȷԵúܳӶʹΣնȴһЧҲͻø
ƽ͵
ȷʵ
ͷ
ԽΣյĻһսʤУʵԽĿ졣
ѭһǰ
ʱԼ߳ʮɺһ˫ͷĴϸ£żΪֻצͬһ㣬ͷ­ץȥ
˫ͷ񣬾ż۷Ρ
Ƶ
̧֣ץ˫ͷצӣӿ£ֱһŲ
ͷǲȻǾż۷ΣȴǷǳǿԱȵǿˣȲζȴǲ
ڴȴЩпĲһ㡣Ҫ֪ǲֻǸո߽ѣȴһͷܱȵͨǿߵľżޣЩ£󵽣ƬĸޣȻǸǿˡ
ȡһѷذףֱӸͷ­е޺˸ȡ˳
ĵΧ򣬻϶һЩͲεޣǵѾûʲôȥһĵطЩ߼ս
˵
ͷҲô롣
£˿ʼڴڷɱٶȼ죬ܿܳȥǳԶľ롣
䣬ǿ޹ٶܿǿߣǳ磬ΪˡȲζѣƶԣһͿǣЩޣһ⣬ȫֻ̧ɱȡڵ޺ˡ
һתۣܿʱȥ
ʱѾ뵽ڴԼɵľ룬еøŨ򷴶Ǳøѷڣе¶ȶõʮҡ
ͣ£
ͻȻ
Ϊ壬ǳ񣬴˿̣ͻȻоһΣյϢڸ
΢ɣȴûԥͣôˣ
첻оâ˸żеԽ֯
һ̣гһֱλնȥ
ಣ
һ̹Ǹط𣬱ܿնȥĽ⣬Զһľ
һͷ߰ޣȴһһ˫ͫޱȱĶ졣
ͨɼܽԼܵĻΪһ壬һ˺ѷֵˣһܹЩȣ漴ǿһͷףʵ²˵ǻ鲼綾ͨɼǿմ壬УҲǳΣաȥͷƺˣ˵ⶢϣһ㶼ֲá
һľϣͫ죬һֱߣһɭȻĸоңϸϸȥⶾΧԼϺɫƮţżȻҶմȾһϺɫĵ̱ڻˡ
ಣ
ƿ֮ǰ˹ŴƬϺɫˡ
˽ŲһΣˡ
ǧҪСģͷͨɳڣ֮ǰ˵Ƭڣκһͷͨɼ޶ǼΪֲĴڣԶͬʿ
˵
䣬гһ弫ΪԼеɹ˸
΢һ׼Ƿǳǿ׼
żȻãżȻá
ƺЦ
һЦŲֹһʯԻͷ

ƾȡ
żȻãżȻá
Ц
Ʒۣ漴ֹסŲ׼ɽâʢǿĽɢ֮ǰɱٳʱ죬ǧƿһȴû뵽쾹ȻҲҿȥƺǧǱɽҪǿϼ֡
ȻҲǲٺˣԪһʯɹ⣬˶
һ׼ɽһʯһֱӱܵļ
ͫɭһ̱ǺݺһоƼʯ׼ɽͷ΢˫ɱ䣬ȴǲٿǰˣڴһовֱӵͷԶߡ
죬ƣ
СӣģҪԼʵսȡ㼸˼
һĵ
ɫһڣҪļһԼȡ׼ɽȴԼˡ
ˣҾͲ˵ˣţչԼʵɵ
˵ţ׼ɽ
콫ʯһƵƨϣ漴ǰ󽣾ն
С͵Ϯ
졣
ôжһͨʽһն
ﬣ
ϬĽâɱڷϣķһ
һȻǸоʹͫøɭͷ죬ٴηɶݡͷԵǻۺܸߣչĴ˼ɵ֮ģѾ𣬿ȴǹ˼ɣԸӦս
ӣ
Ƴʩչͨٻʮ˱ɱÿһɫʽǲһܿ¡
ƣ
̧֣ʩչ׼ƣһ
ôһͷޣȻԸŹһδι
ͷȻҲŭˣһζߣսһ
һʱ䣬ǿ֯˷Ҳ֪˶ľ
ģϺɫŨɢ
СӵģһҪЩ
Ƶ
ЩǺΣգ
˸âһִľ֦ϣƴҺúöţ䣬ŲһΣֱӳŶ˹ȥֻһӰȻȫϺɫĶˣƶʱɫ
ͫðɭ⣬·ЦΪ̫޴
һ̣סˣ붾к󣬾
ಣ
ƿ֮𣬽ŶסһɲǣֱӱƵԷĽǰ
û˿Ķȭ𣬺ݺһȭڷı

һȭνǺܿ£һ죬ֱҶ϶˫
ҽһҶϣ˾޴˺
ȴûͣ£һȭкһȭ¡
飡
飡
飡
ǚiٶȿ쵽㣬ΧⶾһȭһȭΪٶ̫죬ڿһȭͷĲӰԶֱӵ˫ۡ


533 
ƾסˣһȭһȭڶϣӲûиɳǿͨɳڵĴװȻͨɾǿմȾҲֺܴ鷳ѿԽ죬ȴǺ⣡
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷڷϵϴ쳹ּ䡣
ҽУȭͷ̫ˣͬʯ£ʹ̡

һ죬йͷѵ
Ŷٶȿ켫ŵȭͷһȭһȭ
ǿһХŨϺɫӿԴΪڣͼ죬Ӷ뿪ȻϺɫĶ⣬ȫ֮ˣֱӳУǺݺһȭڷͷ­ϡ
ڻʳǵĸ֣徭񽣸죬Ѿǲ¼򶾡
飡
һȭͣٴĶҽС
粽ϣޱǿᣬԱȵͨǿߣ˿̼ȻѾǰﻹζԷѣսǷǳó
וּһжһͨݺһնڶߴ紦
۵һʱ䣬ⴴдĿѪҺƮ
еĽҲǶϵˣȻǺǿ
ѽ
ԶƶһĻֱŴͣ·ľ㶵վԭء
ʲôϷ𣿡

ѹŶ򣬵ǶԷȴǷǳ£һʮȭ˿ȭͷЩ飬ٴλȭʱֻоǻڽʯһ㡣ңʱ򣬶ʼвжһ졣
ǲ⣬ӶһȴЩ£ˡ
ʱع
ˣ
һƿٳ˹ȥ
ûԥֱӼǿͨʮ˵ɽ϶նȥ첻һɲܿҪմȾϷǶɾ鷳ˡ
ǣŶһͬʱһȭһȭ޾嶾󣬵ƵͨնʱˣĴɽ
䣡
һ죬պֱӱգҳһӡ
ֻǣͨɼȻûôº󣬻ھҵ
Ҫһ֣ɰ
ƽе
Ϊб¶ȴһɱնǰ
ܿ죬ʮȥû˶
㶨˵ʼ뿿ǣסҪɵĺܼѡⶫǿ²˵жٶȿǿúܡ˵ţ죬۾ʵ˵ûǶɲǿЦģ
û¡
ҡͷƿ£
尡

˽䵽ԣȡ֮ǰذףѶͷ­úȡһȭͷС޺ˣһ֮֮⽻֯ܺǳ档
ͻȻ޺ˣɫ΢һ䡣
ʱö޺ˣ־㲻еĽƣҲֱ޺ڵΪá
ôȰɣȻ֪ʱʲôƬ֮ԺܻӭһҪԭǣ棬ﵽͨɼЩ˱죬Щǵ޺˿ֱԲüʿﴳÿսĵʿൽ塣
ԭˡ
ͷ
ͨԣһ޵޺ˣȻ̺ྫʿȴѿԽľȡԼһ㶼ǽЩ޺ΪĹԴԼҩȡڣȻ޺˿ֱѹֻ˶ˣһȷʵĶ
ԭˣˣ
Ʋ죬쾭ľȺ󣬾ȻԵ÷ǳƽ
ˡ

һʿһƵĻᾪ˷ãȴǲһΪеĽƣκ޵޺ˣȡе;ԣ£ȻһҲ⡣
Ʒ˷ۣʵЩȤ̫ƽˡ
߰ɣ
˾䣬
һЦ̧ȸȥ
úԶһƬڣ𣬾˵ӿʮ
ʱʱһвŰ
Сӣûɣ
ĵ
һš
Ʋ졣
뿪ɱĵط֮һͷͨɳڼǷǳǿᣬǿľˣ˺սʱŽ֮նɱԼҲЩͷʵЩ£ȶֲ
ȡ޺ˣš
ƴЦ
ȡͷ޺ˣһǿֱ
޺𣬺һ𣬳Ƭĸȥ
֮һ·ȥһͷͷս
ܿ죬չȥ
պ˵ǲ˳ȴࡣյʱ䣬Ⱥɵͷͨɳڲεõöֱ޺ˣö󣬾ʮսҲ֮ǰǿ˲١
жˣ

дЩâòϣģˣ
ƬжȹʱõĳɾͣԵֵڿһ¡
Сӣ𣿡
ʵ
ʱΪҲԵĽƺҪվˡ
Ȼ
ͷ
ʱûɲϾնѡ
㣬ǰضҪͻƵ졣
Ҳ˼ţ
ƴЦ
˲һľ֦ɣͬƬ˸һɡ
ʮ춢ǰоâһ
һͷͨɳɵϣ޺ˣֱ
˵
Ƭķǳͨɼ٣ڵ޺˿ֱȴͲôˣֻ˵֮ǰ˵Ǻܺˣնɱͷͨɳڵоͷ޺˿ֱ
ϣ
˾䣬һαǰ
ƺȻЦһֱȭͷǰͨɼ˹ȥ
䣡
սܼңֱȥһʱǽͷͨɼնɱ
һΣ˵Ͳôˣͷ޺˲ֱ
ǰ
˵
ͷٴγȥ
ʱѾ뵽Ƭɵľˡ
Ҳʱǰɺ˵˽һ
ɱ֮ǰҪǿǿ˺ܶࡣ
ȥ
ʵ
С
ͷ
ѭСĿúйɣֻǰһɸߵĺԳһͷӥڼսֲһľϣʹõһѺۡ
Ҳܱȵͨɰǿߣ
˽һ
ƶĿ⣬֣ͷĵطԶһԼߵϽöȭͷСĹӣֳɫŨɢ

Ƶ۾ֱˣ·ǼʮصĺӼһŮ㡣


534 սԳ
ȻҲע⵽öɫĹʵͬ¶Ⱥ;ϲı顣
ʱգӴĹһ;ĶѾܶ࣬ȻҲһַǳϡĹʵԪĴĴãңȹʵҲһʹøӴ⣬Ӷʹս
ˣˣˣû뵽ƬڣȻȺö
˫۷Ź⡣
ѷĵرԳƵһ漣
б̲סˮ˵ʲôˣǰ˵
䣡
˵ӿԳӥ໥ƿֲȵˡ
ƶǰеĹɢȥ̲סӡ
ǰͷ̫ˣǵֱǿһС
ѵô߲ɣ
ǰԵ÷ǳģǿöⶫֻҪõһö̾ܿ뵽վ죬ңڵԪΪ˶౶
춢ǰҲоâ֯
˵
˵
ʲôˣöֲԼɹƷۣһ̣ͻȻ˫ĿһɣѵһʤϺٳȥˮ㣬ȸںʲôģ
ͷȵܾˣǻлȡ
˫еĹֱǿʢС治Ҫϲ
ðߣһŽ߷ɡԼıǲҪˣ
䣡
ǰͷ棬ֲ໥ײһ˵쫷ϯܡ
ǵĴ첻𣬷ԲʮڣһľӶı顣
ƶļ£òٴγˣʵͷ̫ڿˣǴ̫һʱȥǽĺܲҡ
һֲ
Ƶ
ͨɰصֲܲͨ۷ʿҲǶ֡
˵
ֻ̬ʿԣܻЩͣǣⲢ˵࣬෴ͬҪǿһЩΪԭʼ̬һɳһԶǳ̣Զͬʿ
ǰͷʼձ̬Уһݽߵĵطɳȳ̶ȣ³̶ȣԶԶͬʿ˵ͷͨɰصΪһͨ۷ʿûаѹ
𣡡
ǰԳ鲼ɫƤëצһӣֱӾ𼸵֮ˡ
ͷԳɶߣٲȻһȻ˫ѪĿѪɷ֮

ӥ˻Ҳ˫һֱӾ޴磬ֲˡ
棬һŤһı顣
Զһʯ󣬵治סĻζͬ˵һ㣬ܼɳӿƮ£ʱʱͷϣתۼʹͬһ㡣ңǽ£һѺۣԶԶ
˵ͷ۵棬ֲ̧ͷԷɳ
Сӣͬؤһ㣬̫Ȥˣ
ƴЦ
ðߣⲻҪļһЦǰͲܿԼʲô
ˣ
𶯣оǰ˹
Сͷǰȥֻǰ쫷һм䣬ͷⶼǽ֯ŻɵĹײһ𡣿Կĵձ˲٣вѪƮڿУʹܶһŨѪζ
䣡
ǰɳ쭣ͬκ˰㳯ϯ
˽һæԴ˻ȥڴʯ¡
ֲ

ֲŹ֣ûǵ£ŵȰɡ
˵
˱Ŵʯţֻо治סĻζǲɳ¡
ˣתۼʱȥ
ʱ򣬵𶯵ĸǿеȴ౶
ȻͷôãѾķ˲
ͻȻһĲҽдǱߴ
ƶһ̲ס̧ͷǰսȥֻǸмĺԳѪʱ˫צ죬ȻץסӥһԳ
ӥҲǺӴ󣬴˿̷˻һצںԳǰԳǰĴƬѪͬƤëһ˺ҪѺԳȻͷӥʧǣԳץ˫ᣬʹĳҿԸɿ
Գħӥ˺
˿Һ
ȥ
Ҳǰ
ӥ˻צ˺޴๺ݺѹԳĲӣֱӴ̳һѪ
ֻһ㣬ԳĺǱᴩ
𣡡
Գʹŭ˻˫Ѫ졣
ץӥɶߵĺԳںӥ˰һ£ӥ˺Ϊ롣һʱ䣬ӥѿȫ˳ʺѪҺ˺ԳһһҪŻµĸо
ͨɰصӥ
Գһ˻𣬽ӥʬڵϣ漴תȥ
ò˵ͷҵĴսڵλҲöûܵ˿ƻֻȾһЩѡ
СӣȷҪ𣿡
Ƶ
ʣԳֲܿ´˿˼صˣ֮Ҳɺܾˡ
оâǰĿźԳһ
΢΢һ٣ڣͳϣ
䣬ڳǿԪĳɢһξͳڲϡ
ǰⶫǷǳ󣬿󣬴ˣź
УǾ͸ɣ
ƴһͬмΪǿԪһ뵽ϡ
ϣԪӿںԳǰ
Գԭڳλÿ˿̼֣ɵͣסŲʱԳѪЩӥĸڼͷһޱĸо·ԳǴ޼ħ߳Ѫһ㣬η
Сӣڲĥ£Ӧòò׾˰ɣ
Ƶ
ҲأҪصĻ⡣

䣬һʯֶʼһֱɢŨͷԳΪ£ˣѾĳɣȴҲһܹԼʵӦԵˡʱﻹ׾ֲǰ׳ա
ظƨ

䣬׼ɽޱȵĽ̼ʮ˱һһ֡
գۼѣ˵۷壬ͬʱ
䣡
ﬣ
ʯ׼ɽâʢˣֱԳĺԼλá
ԳѪâԵЩ壬ֱ
䣡
񱩵ڣһɿȻ䵴з·һбֱӽɨɱ飬ң쫷紵˱Զ
ӴڿжǲϹҹȣ㹥ȣ

վڿУԳ׾ܿǣҷңڿУ㲻ǿǺױԳˡǵ˵ϣǾͲһˣǿǿƶʱԳΪӴĹϵͷʱӽǱܵ޴Ӱ죬ԶԶ翴ʱǿ£ڵƶŻ˵ĺԳ˫ȣǱڿ׺ܶࡣ
ֻҪԳ˫Ȼ飬Ǳʤˣ
ȻսǰʱһСգϲ


535 ׵
ýĻоâ˸һαڵϡ
ŨԪҲӸ
ҹȣ㹥ȣϣ

䣬˲ǰȥʽǰڿһӰ
һСӣÿٶȣ˿ǧЩȣܿҲͻعڵϺݺһ̤׼ɽնԳ
һһ׼ǵƿɲС
䣡
˵ܲ֯ʯ֮⹥Գȣ׼ɽ֮նԳȡ
ò˵ǳã˵ιȫ˺Գ˫ϡ
𣡡
Գʹŭ
һһ磬ɳУɢȥ
һȿЩֲ·һɴϣҪǵƷȥҲԣվڵϣпǱڿʱǿ̫࣬ȿȻңȴδܽ˱ˡ
Сӣ˵Ĳ
ڷд󺰡
ϣ
ֻôһ֡
䣬ýһһӰʯâʢźԳȥ
ƺȻһЦ׼ɽӶֲĽ춼죬ǳĿ¡
Գͫԭǳɫø죬Ѫˡʱͷ˶ͷ­һ˫ͫķ·ҪγѪһ˵ѪɷϢ
̼ɢͬһɽ˰㣬ͷԳױŭˡ
΢΢빭ӣԳ⣬һˣһŤ
ӭϢƽԱɫ
ûд⣬̽Ԫ߶ޣʯ׼ɽҲǱøǿ
䣡
䣡
䣡
׼ɽϢײһ𣬷һɳϯҰ
飡
飡
ûйãӰɳڿѪ
ģԳħˣô£

ǴȫʢʱڣΨдʿѹֻоһĳۣǵѪͷӥһս˼صˣֻʣɣղϵѾҪǵ
һѪĭӣǣˣԳʵЩ£Ѿ˼صˣؿڵѪⱻ˺˴ƬӴҲһѪȥʺƺҪˣȴǿᣬò֮С
춢ǰоâ˸ڿɲˣ벻С
һ㶣漴Ļ
𣡡
ǰԳѪͫߣŽŲ˵һ졣
ǳѹ˹
ȻͷŭˣҪơ
ģ

׼ɽ𶯣һΣʮɽÿһ嶼Եúʡ
ʮɽԽ˿ռ䣬תԳǰ¡
΢Щ죬ͨƺ̫򵥣ʮܿ£
ҲŬ㡣

䣬һʱ䣬һԻӰվ

УվӰɶߣ֯۳һ׽
ն
ͳ
וּһ죬Ӱ֣еһƬգźԳȥ
һδ󹥻˵ͨǿԳĴƬ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪɢԳһҪȥ
ͷǳһ㣬վûе£෴øӵĿ񱩡
𣡡
һХԳ˫۱øӳ죬Ķơ
һɼΪϢӿԳð磬һͬһңԳһצҲӶÿһ¶ô鿪һƬƬÿһ򵥵ĶʹΪ֮Ťƽɫ䡣
׼ɽ壬ͽʩչͨͬʱƶܺԳĹ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
Գһ˫צϻ䣬𶯳գ𶯴ء
ʩչȫɱϲŲƶɱһδںԳϡԳȴ̫ǿˣˣ׼ɽȴһսķǳתۼֱУѪ˲٣úǱ
תۼ䣬һʱȥ
飡
飡
Ӱɣײһ
ģСأײүˣоͷһ룡

ʱνǺܲңؿѪˮɫò԰

Ҳ
ƣҪһЩȴҲûкõȥͬ˼صˡ
˶ǰڵϣ΢΢Ŵ
Ҳ첻ˡ
˵
һʱļսһһҹɱԳ˫ȣܶ˼صˣԪҪĸɾǺԳȴǸҡʱͷѾҪվˣ׳ԳѪۣЩطɭɭ׹ǶԿü
ȥӮˣ
ƺЦ
ʱ˵ԪѾûʣ¶٣Ѿ֧׼ɽˣҲѾûйϵˣΪĺԳѾҪվȣȻ׼ɽҪԳҲʲô⣬ѾǱʤ
վһǰĺԳ
СӣĹ׼ˣ
Ƶ
ͷֱǰ
⣬Ԫ֯ܲʼǰ񱩣ʱȴ
Ǽҵս
ͻȻһЦ
Զ˸Ѫǿߡ
ƽüͷһһĺͺԳսû뵽˿˹
׵ŵˡ
ƵЩ˵ķн׵ŵŻձ־һ۾ϳ
һĨâ׵ŵ۸ŮҪŮ°߻ɵˣȻûʲôøСʱ˸ʱ㿿ȻҲûаʲôģˣοܻкɫ
˸곯Զöж̰Ĺ˸
λѣǼͷҵΪǻȷɱĹУûǡ
Ϊ׵һЦ
ԱߣҲЦȴǸ΢һ˿⡣
Ȼע⵽ЩǵЦɫʱ΢΢ȭͷ
Գսһʱڣ״ǳ⡣
ˣȻǲ⣡
ùǣǼ
촫ơ
ü׵ǰ˲ıʱ򣬻Գ
Ȼ֪ɻʲôҾͶˣ˵ǰ㣬ǼЩסʱٸͷԳһ
Ʋ⣬ľâ򶨣ȴǵ˵ͷ
һЦͷŽ׵ŵİȥ
λѣǼ;鷳λǻˡ
ŰЦһмı顣
һ㶣û뵽쾹Ȼ˵ȻνġҵΪǻǳһƬģ
鷳鷳λ
ΪһЦ
ҲЦȴаһ׳ա
л
лתĺԳɭɭЦ


536 
׵İʲôȻ޷Ƴ׽Գ֮ʣ׾ٵöһ˲úķһ˿һңŽǻɱɱڡ
ŰˣǴЦԵЩ顣
ľƻЩɻ󣬴ʱƫͷ죬ǡɿǹЦظоһͻȻһͷıպꡣ
о඼ˡ
ӡ
춢ǰɱ˷Ľ࣬мǣ
ã
Ȼ֪Ҫʲôܾã׵ŵļԺҪѪù
ϡ

䣬粽ϣֿȭźԳȥ
ûгɣǰȴǽԪѹһЩ
һʱ䣬źԳɱâȭݺύ
ӵĮ˿˿ƵԣǚiʩչںԳܱߡ
Ľ˫ָҲâл
𣡡
Գŭ˫۱øӳ죬ɱơ
Ϊ̫صˣʱĺԳѾûжвƲܣȴûʲôãʱѾŶˣֻǿǣץȥҪצ¡
źԳɱȴǼԪԳ
һʱ䣬һڳһƬƬɳ
Զ׵ŵİųУü
ôоǱȸղࣿ
˵
ǿ֮ĩûжǺ¡

ͷİҲǼȶ¡
ǰĵžͺãԺٷЩ
ȷʵǡ
ЦȴЦЩ䡣
𣡡
ǰԳȴǱЩˡ֮ǰӥս˼ΪصˣԳ׼ɽƣһʱļսѾĵеȻҲˡ
ָâ֯ɫԵò԰˲٣۾ȴǺ
ﬣ
ѾûԪ֧׼˿һͨնʮ⡣
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱ䣬ԳϷŭȴԽԽѾߡ
ҲʱһĨâ
ˡ
Ƶ
г΢ƫͷ죺ȷ
ͷ
ã
ǻһĨ⣬гÿȻǰնȥ
וּһһ貵Ľ𣬲նԳȣǹʺ
ۣ
ѪɽԳҽУʺױᴩ
һԾûжԪȭںԳǰһȭ
飡
һȭƴƵĽֱ֮ӺͷĲӡ
ԳĲҽʧ䵽ӴҲǺȻء
ͨɰصĺԳʹˣ
վԱߣǴѪҲѪ΢΢Ϣš
ԳڣɺǱڵԪѾһɡ
žžž
ʱ
Զ׵żǰһ˵λѵʵǿͨɰصȻҲλնˣʵҵȰ˾塣
⻹ö˰λѰǻ
쵭
վԱߣû˵
໥һۣɵýԴЦ
λѲʵǿΪҲǫѷʵΪ׵һ˿ڣЦˣұˣͷʬǣֻҪ
ԱߣЦ⣬Զ
ŶͷʬǣֻҪۣͷһͷǺԳɱһͷǻɱ˵ͶǵģǱߵƺҲǵģλѵĻòЩ֡
׵Ű˺Ц죬Ų
֣۽绹ãǿֵ¡
Ϊ׵һ
Ļ£ʱ䣬Ե߳Ʊȥ
ܿ죬˽ǰΧ
Ǻ⣿
ʵ
⣿Ǹͷ࣬ʵŻû뵽ȴһ׳գһûС˴Цһ˵ֵ£ǣɱǣȻȡöˣ𣿡
ƣŲ
ҲЦЦĸӾгԡ
ˡż˵ͷֵٲһ䣬ǣǰ׳ա
䣡
£ʮϣһԻϡӿ
ʱ䣬һɱƵڿУ䣬ˡ
ǣ
ɫ䣬ʱֳܸһɱ⣬ɭˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɱΪ׵꣬ɫҲǱˡ
ǣ
˶죬ԭЦ̼úѿ
ʱУһɫ罻֯ȥзͬһţǰĽ׵ȫСһɱ۶ЩɱⲢ׳ܱԵúܷͬһƬƬ֮С
ɨۣҡͷģȻ٣׼ɱ󣬾ȻֻԻƣһ붼䣬űɱеˣ΢ŲмЦԸȺ㹻ˡ
䣡
һʱ䣬ɱڣܼɱĳмѹ˹ȥ
۵һתۼ䣬һ˱Уʵķ顣

ǰ
̧һָʮɱڶ˵ͷ­顣
׵ŰˣģƼԳĽ࣬Ӱʱʱ䣬ʱһڹԳҪȴпӡɱɱ׿ʦӡɱȻס
ɱɣ˱ƵǰȻ֮ʱ

ҽ𣬵˱նһ̯Ѫ
㡭ס֣
ǽ׵ŵˣɱǣһŹǣ
ԣס֣
ɱлˣɫ֡
Χŵɱ̫ˣֱڿУɪɪ
첻̵Ļ˵
ﬣ
ɱ𶯣Ʈɶ˱顣
ЩˣƵ̸ЦҪɱʲôǸֵ£Լȴ̽ɸСС
ۣ
ӶһƬɱѹ£նķѣѪˮȾһƬر
ԱߣƼǰⳡЩɱɱ⣬ӡ
Ҿ֪
ֹ
ȻһͲµ׵ŵļҪѪùɴ˿ĿһĻ̲סļ£ʱЩˣֻʵǸӣ
𻯵ţӺĵǧꡣ
⣬ֿӽ׵ŵļˡ
ֱǸӻ
̲ס亹
䣡
ܣɱһ񽣰
۵һ׵ŵ˱ɱѪȾġ
תۼ䣬ǰˣֻһ˻š
ʦ֣ʦ־
˳Ϊ׵꾪ִС


537 ߵڰ
ɱ⣬Ϊ׵괩һ˿ɫúѿУΪǿɴ˿̣ǰһƬƬɱ⣬θҳȥˣ
ʦ֣ʦ־ңҰ
ɱУһ˾ִС
ɱһƮܣ˿־ĲУ˫ȿ侹תۼʪˡ
Ʋмһ˻
̧ͷɱǻ꣺ͬһͲ
ɫøѿĶ죬ŲȴǸǰ硣
ɱҽ׵ŵͽ˱ؽ֮أ
˺
һЦǳͲм
ų򣡡
̵
£ܼɱӿֱӽһûƬѪ
ǰһŻ꣬ߵɱưȥ
ȥȡȡ
Ƶ
һ㶣СӣваźͺԳ춼˼صˣԪһɣҲǿҪݽߣʱһʿûӦ֮ڣһʶʿҲס쾹ȻҪһȡصĻúЩ졣
û⡣
š
ӭŻ꣬粽ϣȻ䣬һɼΪµϢڳ
ϢЩֲʱĻɫȻҲΪ֮ݡ
@#%СӣղźͺԳѵ棬ͱүһڳ
Ƶۡ
˿ɢϢ̫ǿˣһ˵ӣ
첻гһɭ
һӡ
еĳϽ֮֯⣬Ʊøǿ
棬ɫ䡣
ģ
һ첽ˣͬһԶգʧӰ
ˣƶݣСӣ׷ɵûѻ꣬ϵϢͻȻ糱ˮɢȥֱ泯رȥ
ƶʱסˣԲ˫ۡ
˼ǣղɢôǿϢڣֱӵˣ
ң

ͺԳһսȻҲ˺صˣԪֻвһɣղţǽʣµԪȫ߶ǿƣӪһǿļԻͿŻ꣬ǲȻһսڵ״̬ǻĶ֡ò˵ɹˣӭƣֱӱˡ
ʱԪ׸ɿˣ֧ûУ˵ǿ
Ƶۣ䶯ݣ֪ˣʲôϷʱʹƶȻ𾴣ֱĴָСӣ˵ֶĳ뻯ƿ񣡡
ðߣƿڴȴʵڲ
߹ȥһŲԶַĽöժ¡
ֵܵð
ö۾ˡ
Ͻ뿪ط
˵
ղźͺԳ˽׵ŵİˣ˵Ҳ˱ʱȻط뿪ǵѡ
Ȼ֪һ㣬죬ѭһ򣬺ܿ뿪ط
úѾ뿪ƬսԶ
ϥ£ȡö˵ı˸һöƺܿͺ˲١
öһöȡöһö׼ѩҹʹá
Ѱطȣ
ʵ
룬ҡͷӣ̫áҪǣڵ̫ѷˣκһͨطҪʮңĻЧۿۣǻ𻯵ȥȽϺá
һ㣬ĵر鵤ҩѡԣĵطʹЧ޶ȵķӣһи
е
룬Ҳǵ˵ͷĵȷʵ̫ˣӰ챦Ч
£˹Ϣȡıʱʹƺһ롣
ʱѾǵڶˡ
ߣȥ
վ
У
Ƶͷ
뿪طٶȺܿ죬ԼֹȥʱڿĵıԵ
ʱıԵӰܶ࣬ʿȥ
٣ڴֻҪܴ̾ﵽվأﵽжΣ
˫۷Ź⡣
һЦȻûǰţȴҲм
õҲת۾ܿء
ߣ
˾䣬˱ǳ𻯵Ŷȥ
ʱһͬһʱ䣬һĽԶն
ƽԱɫæԱߺʮԶ㿪һ
ĸ˵͵Ϯү
ƺ
쳯նķȥֻԶһĮԻһӣȻձߵǸꡣ
ʱƣ˫Ǻ⣬ǴɭȻЦ
ҽ׵ŵӵıɱҽ׵ˣӲС
һϮۣӭ
գӶݳȥǡԼɵĳϣͼӴ׵Ľڿе¸֪ߣԷıԵ͵߳
໥һۣĻߣֽĿڻϣߵڰ׵Ĺίʵǵɱǲɷɱͬߣȴǵ
Ż꣬ǳŨŨĲмͬڿ
ɫʱ࣬Ķˣǲǵߵڰף˵˵ǵɱǽ׵ˣȴǣ֮¼λȥʦܵƷʵ̫ˣ
һ㶣졣
ƫͷԵƣҷһ㻹Ҫˡ
ģСô˵أүʲôʱҪˣ
Ʋˬ
ʱǰٴߡ
صϷǴҽ׵ϵ
ʵϣƸղŵĻٿɫ仯߾Ѿ֪Բ飬ʵô׵Ϊʮ֮һֻ۸˵ķݣԲ۸׵ͽ
ΪҪǣӻʱͨɲεĻҲݣ̰ΪȱͨɾǿҲãȻѾֱͨɾǿߵΪȴʹøӴôˣôȻ˵ʹսһأջȻС
ƶߣǺܹ졣
˵϶㶺˰ɣǽȻص⻹ǵĸʱѵǽ˶̸̥ˣ
ͺܶ
ߵɫʱһɿֲƻȻѹȥ˵ʲô
ЩֲˣһѪ
˵ɵ档
˵ߵЩ£عҲӦͨΪȲεƺҲǶ֣úءˣҲδ¶һ˿һη塣η壬ı䲻κ£
ãܺãŭЦӱһƬɭȻúˣ
䣬ǿƴӻɢͬκ˰㳯ֹȥ


538 ظ
һŵŵŵĺˣֻоͻȻޱȳ·ڲӿϵһСʱпܱ˸
ϱ̬

ߣ
ͳ
ߴͨɵ죬ңֻһѣȼĴڣͺ޻ֵ
ƵͷûԥֱӺˣԶȥ
˵ٶȶܿͶݳɡ
ӣ
Ц
۵βڿƮţߵӰѾʧԭأһ̱ƺʮԶĵط̧һɭɭն¡
וּһһն£Хһ硣
ƽɫ䣬˿ܿѾ̫ܣֻʩչȫ⡣
֧ʮ񽣣ӭ񷡣
ʩչ׼Ҵǰ
䣡
ߵĽѹ£һʱʮ񽣣Ĵ󣬽岢ûоʹɢȥֻЩƲնˡ
飡
飡
תۣ˱ǱɨɣԴڿѪ
ߣһ
ɫҧʯ֧ķԭͲԪŻɨȥһɹ⣬漴߶ݵһɲǣǚiץƾܡ
ҧأǚiʩչޣһʮɣڿһӰ
Сҩˣٶȱô죡
ƾȡ
ٶȣȻǧʩչڤʱҪ졣
죡

ǚi֮컯ǸΪֹκԺȲȼ磬ǿȴҲǷǳķԪʩչǚiӣѾǺܺķԪˣɲٷ
ƶʱԹԱͣ˵ˡ
Ӳˣ
ûãһٴ
׷ٶЩ𾪣ȴԵú䡣
ܿ죬뽥
׷׷׷ˣСӣٿ㣡
ƽе
Ȼֻ׷ʯȡöҲʲôõģֱӾжȥʯûб涾ûãоڶһ˿ٴҧ٣˦Щ
һĨ𺳣û뵽վ죬Ȼ١
Ӳˣ
ߺ
䣬ֱӾһն˹ȥ
ſһƻ⣬ֱȣŵӡ
첻ֻǲǚiӡ
ƶڵԪǳ٣֣Ҳ򲻿ͨǿߵĶ֣ǱԷ׷ϣֻ·һ
ﬣ
̧֣ܼĽиճ˻ȥ
ϰ鳣׷ˣĸ׽ȥԷ
ƽе
߶ʱһɭȻĶƣն죡䣬ʮ⳯ƷȥܵĿ죬ƶʱͻᱻɴ⬡
ģϲģݣûƨɣ

ŭ˫۱ޱɭȻ
ʲôүȻٷ磬ҲԭˣûȤ
Ƶ
ߵȭͷյĸ°죬ྭֱ
ɱ㣡
գֻôֱ֣ɨĽâΪƸģλӳĽâЩңٶҲࡣ
ǚiбһۣɵ̾ҪҲЩõġ
ƷۣСӱ𿴣ǹ϶ܣ
ôԲǚiǰӣ˦һء

ߵķХţߵľɿĺˡ
ܿ죬챼һʱԪһμףٶվ
ģٴ׷ϡ
Ӱ
ߺͬè׷һ粽ԵЩп顣
ٴδͼһߵϧԵ̫࣬ʱˡ
Сӣȫ·ˡ
˷ۣ˵
أǳأΪԪѾĵĲˣ١
ߣ
ѣѾǱƵʮԶ
וּһ˵ɢ
ƽԱɫʱ͹ȡ
ʱ˶Ѿǿ֮ĩǴˣεסߣ
СӣôǱı׷ɱʲôʮĻ£
ͻȻһϤӲ¡
붯ݣŲȥֻվһˡ˴һƾɻ£ĺӣͷҲЩңһֲײĸо
ǰ㣡
쾪ȡ
ˣ𻯵ŵظ֮ˣû뵽ˡ
ƼŲϰǰˣ
ͣŲȥԵЩ䣺Ǻˣ
ϣظ£ߡ
ǰ
ȥǼ˾Ů㡣

ظ̧ȾһţƵ
ȻһţظȻûֹֻסǰȥĶѡ
˵˵ô¡
ظ졣
ûԥ򵥽ľ˵¡
𡣡
ظʱ˫ۣĻߡ
Ǻˣ
ٴʵ
Լظʱ߾ڲ̽ԷȴǷ֣ɲ⣡ɨ˵ʶͬʯ󺣰㣬ȫʧˣʲô̽Ѱ
ظɨ˻һۣκˣƽϣԼˡ
⻰߶ʱɫһ˾һҲûнС
󣬲ǿҽ׵ŵӵҲɱ߸ͽϷɱ˶ˣȻ뿪òŸ¿ڡߣǸ㣬ܱȽǣñңҪŭҽ׵š
ñ㣬Ҫŭ׵ţظЦ׵ҵģ㣬ڴŭ׵ţһܴ׵ţ
˲ɱҽ׵߸ӣҽ׵ϣ
ĵ
ظ겻Ϊ⣺һһ׵ţ׵ŵϣΪ׵ź˲ˣѾµһ۸˭۸˭
ĻһҲɣȻû߶ƶ֣ô˵Ҳ𻯵ŵŵӡ
ɱ˳쾭壬Σ˱ɨƣϵҲýҽͽ
˵ô࣬ԭǿǵˡ
ظ국
ɫ΢䣬жʱһƺ⡣
ǲԸãҪϷ֡
ظ꣬䣬þһɼΪֲĴƬռһɹɿ磬һƬƬҶ
ϰ鳣ֱӾˣţǰϣϼһ

΢ſкȻѹЩ£ԶͨͨʿҪǿܿͱƽĿǰظϡȶĻߣȻظ⡣


539 Ƥžͼ
ӿƵԻΪģһһɢƳ
˿Ϸɱˣ
Į
Ȼ䣬һɹɿ񱩵쫷ԻΪģ˷ȥ
΢תۼѣϵϢǱøǿˣǿ
ϰ鳣򵥰
Ҳ𾪡
ӿǰظ걾ҵĳĸҡ
˼ңһˣαسڣͲ£һС廵
˵
Ӹ䣬ǰһˣ
Ȼ䣬ǿɢ
Ȼ߿ظ꣬ظûСӣЩɵ
һԣܷɱǡ˵ұ֤һʧ
ߵǾͱϷ򲻿ˡ
һ𶯣һ񺣿ӿ𣬸Լɣѹȥ
ⷽ񺣣ӣ
ӭȴƣԶƶʱɫͻȻЩ
ȻҲݣʵЩ£ֶΣЩľ

ǰظ̧֣Ĺ˸䣬һâ
͵һ̶ѣɨ񺣱飬ͬһɷȻ̮
ʱݣĶظꡣ
ˣǿ
ƸǵԲ˫ۣܿ죬Ǵǰϣ
ظбһۣߣ˼ң˱ȽϺá
ɫһظǺ̬ȣĵǷŭ
£̫Դˣ
䣬һִӻڳʼһֱɢΪµ
Ʒ
ˣұء
䣬һֹ̣ס˼Ķǰﻹû˵ǰظ꾹ϢǰֲָüĴָ˽â£ʱԽͷ­ᴩֱӱʶ
Ҳɫ䡣
ÿ죡ô£ղţôƶģ
𺳡
Ҳ𾪣һֱڶظ꣬ûмʲôһ̣ԷȴǾͳ˻ǰ·ڽпռԾ㡣
ˣߴ˿̼𾪣ָоЩļ£ͷ亹֡
㡭
ǰظ꣬ҲûոջƷҲųȥʱҶˣظʱҪ
ûʧ˵٩ߣأأ
ɫѿޱ࣬קȭͷ裬ҲŲʡ
ߣ
ǰظ꣬ߵͳּǴĳ
ظһЦָӻüǰƿͺˡ
ʹûߵɫԵѿЩоܵ衣
ʸϷ򵱴׵ǣ
߳˵
뱨ң˰ɣҵС鷳
ظ국
ɫԭȷʵвظ꣬˵ĻȴһƳڿеĸоСһ߱ɨƣɱ⽻֯Ǻݺһ䣬ŭԶĲڿնȥ
ظתȥ
лǰ
쳯л⡣
ˣƽʵл·ٷְٻڻС
΢΢̧֣ʾ첻ض
ǰϰ׷ɱûɵи񣡡
˹
ظбһۣҪҰһȥɵ
ʵҾ˵棬Ϊ𻯵ŵ洫ӣ֮纣һ㣡
ɫ˵
ǳ˳һŽҪļһ߷ɡˣЩɻǰ𻯵ôطȻظ꣬ҲȷʵЩ⡣
ǳҳߣѵҷǵһ󣿡
ظбһۡ
ЩΣʱ䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ǰСӾûһӵӵˡƵĿȥ˫ֵǸǰٷ磬ֱһˣʲôʱȥھŲתһת£ɺã
ðߣҪĶ
ظɨƣɺܼ򵥣֣˵ţظȡһŲͼɽ䣬֪浽ǲʲô
ǰɶ
ƿȥ
ҲǺ棬еĲͼȥ
ʱ䣬ɫ΢䡣
еĲͼ̻һȺɽȴԵЩңŤŤطԵЩģͼгԾڵڶͰȥںһеõһƤƤϱǿ̻źеĲͼһݣȴԶͼණ
õƤžʱ滭ŵһͼΪصĵڵһ͵ڶҲǽ֮ʯгǿеĲͼƻ᳹׽Ƥ¸
ôˣ
졣
ûʲô
æҡͷ
ŶҲûô⣬ֿ˼ۣеĲͼ
ˣл𻯵ȥɣе£ȥɽһˡ
˵Զȥ
ǰ£
캰
ͣ½Ųͷ죺£
˶٣˵Ǹȥɽ£ǰܴܲ
˳ŵĲͼʯеƤҲȥһˡ
ȥǵطɺΣգͨʿУҲܻ
졣
ȥʶһɽ䣬
˵
˹Źֵɨ죬ȴҲûж룺Ը͸źˡ챾𻯵ŵĵӣҪǣ˾ܲȻûоܾ
ɫһϲл⣺лǰ
ҡͷƵأҪһȥǻ𻯵ţ
ƷۣǶȥһ˹Ļɣһȥ
ǾһɣһЩƺҲ˴µŵǰǸһҲá˵׵ŸղǸϣҿˣԷźһĲͼȥɽ䣬ӦҲдһЩ׵ŵţʱлᣬ̫ϵǴ򲻹ǾʹСģô۸ô۸
˵ĺƽƶ̲סգʹǸɻ°
ǰģ׵ǰС˵ֻҪܴùһ۸
ؿ֤
죺
Ҳǹˡ
бһۣ죬߰ɣ
˵꣬˱ڿն𣬳Զȥ
ˡ
˾䣬Ҳգ
ʼ磬Ǹϡ
˲գٶȲܿ뿪طɽķȥ


540 
ظ󣬲ճϷȥߵķ졣ڼ䣬ɽ£򵥸֪һƬŵĳɽȺŹ֣Σյĵطų鶼ͣԱɽ䡣
鶼ͣ
ľ
ν龿治ڣؼûĸ֪ȴһֱǿͿµĴʣ鶼ɽ䣬ǿ׾ٵĸоƬɽĿ֮򵥶ȻͨɾǿҲüɵ
ô£
ɡ
ظбƣ˵ԼǰʮǿǽУգֻһ˻߳˵ųˣҲûñ㱩ˡ
ƶʱۣҲǲ죬ʮǿǽУȻֻһ˻߳һ̣һڵڶĺõƤƺǳһǿ֣֮ǵų
һ룬бǻһâӦܣ
ȻôΣգдǿУ˸ȥ
Ʋ졣
ֻǾһ˲ƽ˿Ƶɻ󣬽˵ԽΣյĵط̵ıԽʹ֮͡ǰ֪оųɾŵòأоųɾŻ棬ȴҲɻȥ
ظ͵ĿһۣƵСѧѧЩ
ƣ
ˣ߰ɣЩٶȡ
˵
Ƶͷ󣬳Զȥ
ܿ죬չȥ
һ죬ǰһΪӴĳǳأǽʯשݶɣϱ鲼ĵ̺ۣһŨϢܣһɲɣ͹ӡ
ǣɽ䣬˶
ظ
˵⻰ָ̧Զ
˳˵ָȥֻԶƬɽȺľȴǳֿή״̬һһЩɫ꣬ǹŹ֡
ɽ䣡
оâһ
ƬȺɽʯеƤϿ̻һģһƤϣɫҲ¡ֻǿһۣ㽫ǰĳɽȺƤӦǰ㲻Ȼĳһɽ͹ǣƤžҲϸĻơ
ȡͼ˭ͼ̫ˣǡ϶ʮ֮һ
˵ţͼк£ǰȥ
ǰȥɽ𣿽Ǹ
ɻ
գȻ£Ϣ۷״̬ɽⶼ
ͷҲء
£漴عȷʵô
߰ɡ
˾䣬
ڣ˺ܶ࣬ǿʿҲǴʶ磬ѪǷǳĻڳУ췢Ųپ¥ڣרΪʿ裬һһЩͱĽ׸󣬽еʿﲻԴˣǲȣɽĹųǣЩȻǺ¡
ԼӺѰһ¥Ҫһͷ
ͷװηǳݻͬʱҲܿŰƽ
治
޵
գ˿һϢĵطҲ⣬˺ʡ
һ£˵һ£ָ۷״̬ʱΪǻԽһЩʵʱɽ䣬Ҳ˸֧ţҪǿϲ١
ƽһϲ񣬵лǰ
Ϊĵر֮ʱߣȻǷǳȫ¡
£˸һ£ĬĬתָľ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱɫѾǳԲµ׺ڲ֮ϣѾҹʱ֡
ľָ۷壬ƣȻҲһ
Զȡһö
ʼɡ
˵
ƽͷתһȭԪСĽ̷¡
һʱ䣬ޱȾ˵ӿɢ
תļ̷ɲǣʱһԸоڳܣĻ·˲䱻ˮû˰㣬ңЩƺһľӿȥٴھУͬһ©㣬ʼŵԪһʡ
⡭
Щȡ
ͨǿҲۺȻͬѰ
һ֮ģļתĸӿ٣ʶҲڣǣʼԵĴԪԪվҪΨһ£žߣѶȱҲ֮
νĴѶȣҲ˵Ѷȣÿһ󾳽ﶼһΪԽԽߣеѶҲͻԽԽ޵ʷبŲ
ˣ
תļâϢǿ
֯ڣļתٶȱø죬Լк
ظվһߣɢϢɵ¶Щɫ
СһʲôʱȻ֮
ظ΢ͬʱʱɢϢҲ˾ȣֻѣǵ̵Ϣ֮۷ǿҲˡ
˼
գһЦһߡ
ʱ˫ۣȫעתļĹâֱǿʢ˼֡ʶǣ֮ȫŵԪһôԼй֮·һͷԻĹʱڵ
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
һ̣ϵâޱȳңԪ֮ʵâƮ
䣡
һɰӿʹɢϢøǿǿһࡣ
ǽ˫ۣĸоڵԪøʱڻ֮Ϊ磬ֱֹȥӺ˫ۣ貹˫һš
أԪȺʹԽ۷ʿǳ
˵
ǰˣöлǰΪ
ǫ
ظڰ֣ʾ첻⡣
䣡
ʱһɰɢ
Զ˫ۣհﵽվ죬ǿࡣ
ˬ
е
ƫͷƣдЩ֮ɫȻȻò˵ʵǲףǿ󣡾ͺñʱͻƵվʱɢϢĺܾˣͨվʿǿ̫ˣͬն
ƣĵͷ漴ֵﵽվأͨɾֻʣһС̨ףڼ䣬м׼ӦԿͨʱ١
ͨɾ˵·һɱ㣬Ԫ׻ؼǧӦӶ»Ե֡ԹҲ٣ǣȴдԼųɵ˿ͨɾʱ֮¡
ʴˣͨɾǰضҪһпĶɽ׼
֪ǰ
Ƶͷ
漰٣ҲԵЩ
վ˵ˣϢɣǿתһתǡǴպȥɽ䣬ʱ׼
õģǰġ

˵⻰оâ˸Щڴ


541 ԩ·խ
ͷܴ˺ƶȥϢˣΨû̾ϢǼϥתΪһԼǳϸ񣬲ʵ
תۼ䣬һҹǹȥ
գгԻʱ췽˫ۡ
ˣ
Ƶڶһźľϡ
վ棬
һҹУû˿ƣ룬񷴶ǿ˲١
ɨⷿ䣬ûпظ꣬ƣǰأ
֪ȥҾ˰ɡ
ʼ硣
쵹Ҳû̫⣬ûһȥתתǵͷ
߳ͷܿǽֵϡ
ҹ𣬶һƣ
⣬㣬ǧĪҪ
Ȫˮˬλһ
ֵ˴С
Щ죬ȽΪԼ˷ĳǳء
߽ĵطɨȥʱܿƽΪЩȷʵһ㡣ҹΪһѰԪ˳в洦ǲ⣬ҲǻʵǾż۷ε޵Ѫƶɡ
ƵǲȥЩֵֻ֮⿴
ÿ
ǰкȺʱҲ٣˳ÿһ·
ȥһмһŻۣģЩʡ⻪߸ӣ˷ֱŽº£һŻƶǲ죬Ȼǽ׵ǻꡣ
ȻԻΪӭ泯˱ܡ
ܿ죬һǰ
Уһ۾Ϳˣһ㶣˲ʱ
ǣ
ˣɫǰڿģ߸׵ŵͽͼ˵ȴǱɱˣԼĶӣǡųϣԸƣȴˡУٴμƣø綾߰㡣
лһĨâ΢΢
⻹ԩ·խ
ӴСƻƣּˣǻԵ
ЦȴЦĲ⡣
ǰͣУɫȻ⼸ü
䣬ǣ
ʻꡣ
Ϊ䣬ƣŽ˵ʦ֣˵ӣǵһɱ߸ʦܣ
ԣ꣬꣬˽ɫһ
ǣ
˵񶼱ñЩпĶơ
ͷд⣺ǣλʦ֣һܷŹǣ
ԣ껹ǹҪεߵڰף¡
ƣдɫһһ˿˿̰Ĺâ
˵ϣͨǿ߶ĵı
мĻ꣬Եúܿ΢΢һȭ٣ǰ˲ɱҽ׵߸ʦܣλʦܵɷ뽭ٸҵƬʱ䣬նΪȥʦܱ𡣡˵ţֽŵȻԺõԵһöڽ٣㿴ɺã
ͷһĨĹ⣬Ȼ
΢΢һȭתһơ
վԭأ໥һۣ漴ǰƶѾ˳У꣬꣬Լ꣬ڽ׵ŵˣǻƺǣȴǸӲף겻Իǰ䱦ҲҪ͸Էһö
֮ǰظ˵һЩǰһЩʶͻŽ׵Ǹ۳ɽĵӣڻ꣬ż۳ϣҲһ˹У괦أͽ괦հأ꣬ǿˣվ۷壬Ҫͨɾˡ
⼸ˣǶ꣬൱˺ͻԻҪɱˣȥȻٷָһö;пûǣָоͷ·ֿ̧նɱǣ·Ѿʬ塣
Ű˵׵ŵˡƷۣƫͷ죬ʵСӣҪɱǣǸô죿
ɱǣǱɱǣ򵥣ƽ

ƵͷһµĶĴָе
Դ˺һϵһɲǣվͱЩˣһŨĻҩζʹܲʿΧһֱڶ˫˿̣ƵĶԻ˶Ǿȣ˼
ˣ˭ȻҪɱ׵ŵͽ
˾ȡ
׵ţʮ֮һʵ͵̶Ƿǳˣңǿƺܻ̣̫¼˸ǡǰ˾Ҫɱ׵ŵˣ
Զ걳˫֣ɨһۣûж˵ʲô
ɱǣ

ƣʾһ顣
һ˶Żɫͽȥնǵͷ­ס;СģҪƻϵᵽҲһḬ̃ĹâܸĿͨɾ磡
һͨɾ˷
ͽͷˡ
וּһжһɭΪһƷ
ģҵĽܿ죡쵽оʹ
국Įı졣
󷽣ԱߣЦһĨӵĶͬ˰㿴죺ҽ׵ԣΨ·һȥڰɣǷǳʵհأƿмǿͨ
ģ˵˿˳ۣ

쵭Įɨ˻һۣһ̱ǶˣŲһαڱĻǰµٶĻɫһ䣬ʱʧɫ㡭
춯֣ץס˵ֱӽ£΢΢һ˺
ĶҲܿ죡쵽˶ûзӦ
һ˲ѣհĻ㱻Ʒɫ
˶죬Ǵ󾪣꣬þ˵ٶȣƺʵǿ
üͷлһĨâ죬˵ſ
ղţ˵ʲô
ꡣ
˵ſ

һЦźεĳ˵ɱңڣɱңƷȴҷſӱ¿ˣǸûӣ
ܣȺĻǰĻǳͬʱֲòϣĻеɱңɱҵ˱ƷȴĿڣһ߸ϵģҷŵɱҵˣʲôƺĺܰ׳ա


542 ѰҴ
ɫЩվ۷壬Ϊ׵ŵ洫ӵһˣ˾η񣬾˳ӱ¿ˣûӣ

죬һƬɭɱ˿ҲΡ
ĸ֣Ц˵ʼɱƵģûӡ

ȺĻ꣬ãǸ׳ա
ȻЩֻ룬˵Ȼû˸ңǲ
䣬ӥ㶢졣
ԴˣֻǵĮһЦ
еĳѹڻĺϣЦʵ
һѹںĳķвɵ־塣
롭
˲
áЦŵͷɨ꣬˵ǽʲô֣
겻֪Ϊʲô⣬ȴûԥ˹ȡ
Ŷ˵㿴˵һ˹ǰ׳գҾͷſ㡣
ʲô
һ
ͬһʱ䣬˽Զݣ죬ȻҪǰ׳գ
ɫɭȻĶ죬꣬һ档
ΨƴЦĴָ޵Сӣ
洫ӵһˣƣǰ׳գθңһ̣һΪĳ΢΢ڳѹȥʺɫѪˮʱ־
˵ǲ˵ʱ䡣
쵭


еĽҲһѹ
Ҫһʱ򣬻ڱˣ˵˵
Ž΢΢һɣԺЩ
촽ţԡԡ˹ȣǡǣǡ׳ա
϶𣿡

һһûмϣȴǶ£С˹ǰ׳ա
ûԷ𣡡

ңеĽֿʼڿ£
ʱ־ֱӽе˹ǰ׳գ˹ǰ׳գ
һΣǳȥԶ
ʱȺԾ
һʿȫסˣĿĶųС
⻹˵ˣ
˵ۡ
棬ɫקȭͷĶ죬޲ͽֽ˺Ƭ죬ȻñԼʦǰ׳գֱڳںݺ˦Ķ⣡ôˣν棡ͬʱҲŻ꣬һƬȻҲù
ԱߣͻҲǶݣɫԱòǺܺÿŭ졣
꿪ڣңѾ˵˵ˣԷſ˰ɡ
Ȼ
һЦ
ʱ˿һ̱һֻоһۡ
㡭
嵹µʱ򣬻ӿѪ˼졣
ֻ˵ſ㣬û˵ɱ㣬ڣѾſˡ
쵭
ĺѣĻں޺Ͳʣû˶
ʱ䣬Ⱥ־
죬Ȼɱ˽׵ŵͽ̫ǿˣ
ͻ꣬øӷŭ㲻ã
쵭ĮһЦѾ˰ɣֻ˵ſû˵ɱ֮˵˵ţ¶мͳı飺⣬ǽ׵ŵûмӣǰ׳գҺһɱҵ˽ã
ˣһġ
⡭
֣ȴ
ȷʵô¡
ܣʿۡ
һɱԼ˽ýʿǺǺɡ
Сӣ˵ĺã
ƴЦ
쳰׵һˣоǳˬ졣
䣡
ʱһɾ˵ɢ
飬һ˱ȥ
ˣգ᳢ζ
껰ɭȻ
ܣ˶ݣ˿ɢƺܿ£˾ȡ
Ԫúǿ
Ц
ŲһΣ˲ǰԷӦʱ䣬һĳ
һԪĻɢֱӱĵڵϡ
ңٴζ֣гһֱӴȣ֮ڵϡ

ҽУȶʱѪˮȾ죬Ŀġ
⡭
һĻʱٴαɫ
ڸղţɢǿƣв˾ȣΪ壬ɾһ˲䣬ԭưȴ˲䱻һ̴ȣ֮ڴֵĵϣ߼ľ޴󷴲ίʵĿ
ԶǿʵĻ΢΢ݣ죬Щ֮ɫ
ʦ֣
ʦ֣

ͻɫ걻նǿ꾹ȻҲ˲䱻־־塣
Σƺߵˣ
ƫͷˡ
㡭Ҫʲô
־塣
첻мһЦһ˹ȥһƽɣϡԣܿԷȭͷһŽԷ߷ɡ
һ꣬ҲԱߡ
ȺۣΪ֮𺳡
תۼ䣬һ۷壬һհأһأȫŵڵϣ
ǿ
ҲŵıǮûбǮǿţǰϡ
˵
ŲˣлĶһɭ
תۼ䣬ڵϵǰг½âָˡ
ԣ
Į
⼸ҪɱȻŹԷ
ǻ꣬ƵҪɱǣֵߵڰ׵ŵĻ۳ϣٴϣɱһһεĻƣˣôܻŹŹˣͲˣ
ȵȡ
ʱһĮ
Զǰ죬ǡ
죬ɫƽͬۻڸӳӰ㡣
ƫͷ꣬ʲôҷţҾҪţԻ̬⻪Ӧúܲһ㣬ôηǿȨˣֻġҪǣ⻪ʱȫһ߸ϵ̬ܲˬ
ɫһĮƾѰңҵĴˣ

ʱȺȻ¶֮ɫ
ǸѰҵĴˣ
Ⱥļ¡
ʢ޺ϱ֪ôޱȹ󣬴û߱Ƭϣʳڶ壬Ȼ㸩ʢޣںѰңβʮţȻܼССɡ
ѰңԶʮǿᣡ
⻪꣬ѰҵĴˣ
⡭
һ̣Ż꣬˶¶ηı顣
ʼ磬˷ۣСӣѰҵĴˣ壬ô죿
һ𣬻귢Ц
ô죿ͷǸ
ΪѰҵĴˣʱվǼ˳ͷˣԭ־ıʧֱ


543 
úţǴ˿̣ܵȺȴĺΪѰҵĴվ˳漸˳ͷôһɽȻŵʱ
ˡ
국Į
Ǵɫ𡭡
ۣ

Ѫ⽦ҽһֱбɳȥ
Һŵ˲ֱ֣ն
ƾҲҿҷ
Ż꣬ɫ䡣
촽£սս־ĲСڶϵұ۴ѪˮֵָͣԶ٣پǣȡ
׳գ
ۣ
̧̣־һֱӽͷ­ն£ɿ⡣
һΪľûС
Į
Ⱥסˣɴ˫۶졣ѰҵĴվˣǣװ֪˶ԷݺȴǷУһն»֣ն»ͷ­֮еֱǿƵһͿ
̫̫˰ɣǿѰҵĴ˰Ҳҵ
ļ¡
Ѱңڲǽʳĳ
߹췭˷ۣСӣ湻ѰҲǡ
ҪȻأǹȥǸ
б
룬Ʋã
ദôʱ䣬ŹϵԽԽãҲǱõ
ǲˡ䣬꣺û
⼸ҪɱȻ֮֮
֮ʱظ˵׵ŵͬô۸ô۸ңҪǣԼϾǶԷ۸ǡ
ܣȺһ
⡭
Ҫɱ
꣬ǿˣ
˵ǰ
ѰҵĴ߳ˣ˶ӲŶԣϾѰҵʵȥʳ֮⣬֮棬һ˵û˭Ըһ󴫳СǴ˿̣ȴǰҲ˵ҪɱˣҪɱˡ
ɫ˼֣ˣƾʲôǰڳԼݼԭΪ֪ݺԹԷˣ㲻ˣҲԥɵһǣȫͬĻ֪ݺ쾹Ǻ޹˼ɣֱɱֱ֣ӵ
㵨ӲС
죬ĵ
쵭ĮһЦͲ꣬·ǽԷ͸Ŀ
еĽ˸⣬׼ͽ꣬еɱڡ
ʱ䣬һǱޱȾ֡
ʱʼźͿѾڡ
٣پǣȡ
ۣ
֣ն½ͷ­
漴꣬Ҳ飬ֱ˽
Ⲣ̣Էɱ飬Ź⼸ˣĵ⼸˾Բж£һգԻѰǿ뾡һֶɱвѣˣô飿
Ե飬ǰ׳ղŻ£
ֵߣȺ񣬽ǵųУ˼졣
һﵨӹ󰡣潫ѰҴҪļȫɱˣ
˵
Щ˵ȴ˿Ҳ⣬к̧Ⱦߡ
Ҳʱһɢʹ˶һ
궢죬䣬ǰ粽ѾڣŹˣȴǷУ˵潫ɱڴҵ죬ø䣺ҵ򵥵뿪ÿ𣡡
ܣȺͷ΢⣬ԭĲɱˣģĨӣ
ܿ죬ЩֶȻˡ
ѰҵĴˣ׵ŵļ˵ƺȷûҪ
ôΣ
ͷ
ҵûôôȻɱǼˣѵ

һһǿϢӻڳʱһ
ӭϢ˽Աɫ
üͷһ˫ͨɾ
üĲͨɾΪǶԷȥŶʮꡣҪ֪ʷϣԣﵽ߾ʱԽСսԽ£Զʮʹﵽͨɾ磬սȻԶͨͨʿɱȡ
Сӣߵˡ
Ʒۡ
ͨɵһѣֲûɱңڵľ磬ǰߡ
쵭Į
ӭŻϢԵúƽ
䵭Ķ죬һ֯纣ӿ
һ̣궯ˣһԶתǰ
ˣ
ĳһƣŨ⣬ʹÿռ΢
ٶȣʱʹĲΪ֮һ
һƿ£
˸âŲƣ΢ֻ࣬צһѿסƵ꾡Զʮ֮ﵽͨɾǧ껹£ǣҲǰԣΪˣսҲǿˣ
⡭סˣ
ôܣ
Ȼͨǿߵһۻ˲ɣ
ܣȺ𾪡
վΪȻסͨɾǿߵһ
΢û뵽˾վΪһơ
㵹ǲ

ޱ飬ֿסճȭԼ֮⽻֯˳ûʲôΨЩ䣬һȭա
䣡
һȭЩ£֮׻֮⽻֯ǴżΪֲԿԺɱվ۷ǿߣʹȺΪ֮ݣһΪսоļ£Ȼǿǿһȭܻ괦ͨɾҪ汻УҲԻһǳҵĽ֣ٷ֮ٵش
ɫĮȭȭƸ˼ֱֱ֣ӭȥ
һ̣ͻȻɫ
ʱһΣյźͷʶУҡҷ
ʹһ룬ֱɿ꣬Զ
ţ
ô£ôͻȻ˿ˣ
վǼɵѰҵˣ¶ԷҪɱʱҲ֣
Ⱥɻ
Ҳüȴ֪Ϊη廪ݶˡ
ʱ⣬˸âķ
治
ɨ˹һĨ죬ɫȴǱø䡣һ̣ԵϻȻһСʯĶֻĴָǴС֯ŵĹ⡣
ü˳ĴָǴСĶȻ龧ⲢҪģǰֻĴָǴС龧ϣǿι״ķģЩͬСζ̺ſµĻ
龧⣬ǡ
˷


544 ŹѰҴ
ŻƯŵС龧ȺԱɫ̲סˡ
С龧ϣһ΢СķԾͬһͷͷСζЩˡ
üͷ΢ио̵ĿϢв
ʲô
ƫͷƣѰҵһЩ£ȻӦ֪
ƷۣǰҲǺ˵ѰҺǿ󣬶һЩŹֶΣдһˣ崫µһЩĿӡ龧ϣ龧̵ĴԴǣµĻ
龧ʩ
ü
龧Ƿǳ𣿾һĴָǴС龧ҲŲ׵ļֵ
龧ʩ᲻̫ݳ˵㣿
Ȼ֪ʲô͵ԣĿ֮Ѱ̽Ѩ֮ܣѰھ龧ǳ򵥣ڲе龧ˣʹȻͲõģ˴Ѱ˵ţֵ㿴˵ʮͨɾһ·ض龧˵һֱ龧Ƕȫɴ۳ɣûһ㸱á
һĽı顣
˰ɣһô龧һֱ龧
龧Ѱңʮźڼܶࡣ
ַۡ
䣡
ǿܳ𣬴˵ĶԻ
국ĮߣԿӡطĵ龧³һλĻᣬͷǸԷΪҿʴȣɱǡ
ǽֵŲʯ̧ȣһ߳ʱʮʯɳͬʮ㳯Ż꼤ȥľˣԽУ
ߣ̧һ𣬽ʮǱ顣
֪ô
Įһǰ
˲ʱ֮䣬ǿɢʹÿжʱ֯һѹֵĲ
Сӣġ
˵
꣬ȷʵܲ򵥡
û⡣
ͷ
䣬һĨâһΣ˲䶯ˣһһӰͬǧƶһ翵ĸо·ߵƲһԲ׽
ÿ죡
ôоǲſռڵƶ
⡭ˣ
Ⱥͻأɫ
˿̣ٶ̫ˣֵϲ˶վȴסˡ
һ̽ǚiʩչޣãתۼڻԣֱһȭŶԷȥУȻڶŻŵС龧ԼƵС龧һ࣬ȭͷ
ٶȣҲǶݣһҧٺˣһȭ
ղŲǻһ߸ϵ̬Ҫɱڣʲô
̡
˵ţڵһ̤ٴαǰ
һ̣ٶȷǳ죬»괦ͨɾΣһ龧ߣһʱȴҲԵЩǱΪٶ̫ˣÿζܿǿ龧ԹĿ϶ʩչͨĻᶼûС
תۼ䣬Ǳѹˡ
СӣٶȣӶݽ׵ǻ϶׷ɱʱҪ죡
Ʋ졣
ӵĮһһӰƵĻˣһʱԵЩǱ
飡
ʮȭͷڻؿڣֱԷҷɡ
۵һһѪС
⣿
ѰҵĴˣˣ
ǣǿͨɾǿ߰
Ĳ
˶죬ֻʵ̫ˣȻһͨɾѰҵĴˣҷˣ
䣡
ɣ𶯣ŭԻ
Ȼһȭ⻪ŭˣһȭδ˵̫ء
Ȼ䣬ǿӿһͨǿ߻ǿ
ȷʵǧ
󷽣ü
Ҳʱߣоâ
䣡
ҶݺĴɽӣѪɫѷ죬Ȫʥȣһ뱻һԻǱ
ٳһٴ࣬һѹ¡
㡭
飡
ֱӱ飬ٴκɡ
Цٴαǰȥ
һöΪһС̨ףԪøʹսȻҲǿ˲١⻪ʵǧ꣬ʱ򣬻Ƕ֣Ǵ죬Ǵ졣
Ե龧ȷʵ£һּв龧վֻһѣֻҪܿ龧ɡһ̣ǚiٶȿ켫ǿҲһһӿһδνɨɡ
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷϵϴĻûңΪٶ̫죬һͨǱѹŴ򣬱ޱǱ
ܣȺȫסˣһľܰ㡣
ѰҵĴˣͨɵһǿߣ񣬾ڱһʿŹ
СӣأȻսͨǿߣ
ԶȻҲݣΪս
飡
飡
飡
ֿǲᣬȻ飬һȭȭڶԷϡ
һʱ䣬øǱѪˡ
ˣ
귢ŭѰҵĴˣͨɾΪȴȻǽֵϵһվСʿʮȭÿһȭʹ̡ŭһȭͷС龧ͬ˷ģɢֲĻϢ
ȭͷԭҪڶԷϣɼⶫȴǱɫˡ
ȭͷС龧طģĴָǴС龧ɿֲ̫ˣ
Ҫ
ǴѪŭĶ졣
˵ţһ߿ȭͷС龧ÿ϶ӡ·ģһԲΧŻ껺תµĲʱסˡ
⡭
ſڣȴ˵ʲô
߿ȭͷС龧ֵ̫ˣȣ߿龧һ𣬼ܹȵˣͬʱ߿龧һɢĻԲЩĲϢ̫ڿˣ·ܻٵһС
龧ʹ龧֮һ¶ص
૵
˺ʮԶǰ΢
С㿴ôʲô˵߳ŭŭˣȻֱŪô龧Ȼ֪߿龧жô£Ű죬鷳˰鷳ȭͷС߿飬ĲöԸ
߿ȭͷС龧һԿΪԴѰҵһЩзģ֮󹥷ǽǵȴһըƻһͷƤ顣
һɫеɱ纣˰㷭׵ļ񣬾Ȼ˵ң߿ȭͷС龧ߣǿĻԲһƵɢܱߵնŤƺʱܱϢ顣
վһɫأ˸һ㾫â
˵ͨɲΣһ߿ȭͷС龧ǣǲЩ֣
ʵ
֣

ͷ˵ôӦҲ֣ܹƽɣ
ܹƽƵͷһ㶣ɶ
䣡
ʱ䣬һɺڳʯԻ˿˿Ƶɵԡ


545 Ѱҳ
߿龧ȷʵֲܿǿĲ棬쾡սǿ󣬵ҪͽӲ߿ȭͷС龧ȻҲǳѣӦ˵ǸһСľͻѡ
ԣֱӼ
䣡
ʯԭֻƷϿӡܼƣʹܴԿƷΪ߶ʯʱ֮䣬һ˿߿龧ĻĲƵ
ǣ

ңһƷƺǳߣ
ܣ𾪡
ǿرһЩɵĳҲûУ
ҲǱɫŲʱͣ죬Ȼ
ƶ죬죬漴ɫµĴָţ
΢Ļꡣ
Կ龧ҵʯǿᡣ
һЦ
䣬һΣǚiϣʯ߶ɹƵѹǰ
ٶ֣߿龧һҲӭǰ
򣡡
ֱӿԪʯ⻪ʢ
ˣ̧һĹһ龧У챬
龧Ʈǰʯɹײһ漴ֱը鿪
Ȼ䣬һɾϯܣֱӱһƬ
оѪһ𵴣Ѿо龧ǳ󣬵ײȴЩԾƷѪܵ𶯡
ѹȣʳȷʵ£

̧ͷ棬ȻҲûֵãʯ£
ҵɾʤһŻ꣬ȻһЦˡ
䣬һһӰٴα˹ȥ
ˣ
ʯâʢ߶ޣκλڵĶֱѹǰ
ҧֻܼڶ龧֮ӭǰ
䣡
һδײ˹
ò˵龧ǳֲǵƾԿĨɱͨǿߣ幥ɱѪҲһ󶯵оǾκϵһСʱпܱ˻ײջʤһһαˣɫЩ԰Ϣ轵

ȡ
һٴʯѹ¡


߿龧ɢĻϢǿһӭǰ
ɫĮ似ֻͨǽ߶ǿ
䣡
䣡
䣡
תۼ䣬˶Σ涼ˡ
εײĵ龧һɹУɡ
ûиԷĻᣬһΣٴѹ˹ȥ

ŭ𣬵߿ȭͷС龧ĴָǴС龧һӭϡ
һһС龧һը֮ǰκһζֲࡣ
˸â壬ʯٴӭϡ
ײһ𣬺һ죬طĵر̮ȥ
һʱ䣬̳𣬳񷡣
飡
ٴκɳȥȾѪǱ
棬ɫ԰ףԶһζȴ
Ѱҵˣͨɵһأˣ
૵һսĽ֡
ѰңڵĳһĴţǰˣ
һʱ䣬˶
סΣԵºֱǰɵĻ˹ȥ
ɫһ䣬ǸоΣգתҪߡ
ſڱտ˵Ҫɱǣ򲻹ң򵥵뿪𣿡

һͿ˹ȥֱһȭڻϡ
һʱڵأһ˳
㡭
飡
꾪ŭɲŸտڣֱӾӭһţؿڡ
һйͷѵȺͷƤһ顣
ɱǣɱ
վ
ѰҴˣ㲻Ǻ𡣡
һ̡
˵ЩʱɲվŲһŽһꡣ
תۼ䣬ϱܼЬӡͶˡ
ʹûŭΪѰҵĴˣܹ裺㡭
飡
첻ٶ˵ʲôٴγţ㲻顣
ңʱƫͷƣҪҪһȣ
ҡͷҲȣԺѰ鷳Ҳֻһ˵鷳
϶ʱðܼĺߣⲻҪĶ
бһۣѰҪ鷳㲻Ⱦӵõ
̲סۣһ̱һ˹ȥ̧Ⱦڻϣ˸ӣûǸˣүȲ㣡
˵ŲҪ廹ͦʵ
ġ
ƲˬŸлظšˣˣˣ
ȻҲ飬ΧŻ꣬һһ£ǽһݡ
ǡ໡
Һ
ֵߣȺĿࡣ
ˡڸ
ƺǡڿѰҵŴˡ
ƺȷʵǡ
ʿˣңЩ̲ס˳ǣΪѹԻɱ֣ΧŻһĺݲȣϳţ̳ȵӽֵ߷ȥ˫ֱͷˡ
ȷ˸ӣˣ˰˰һ߿һˮĭɣүô˧˼˰Ϊȴʮֵ͵ٿ㣬ô󣬾ҳţȲ㣡
ܣȺ
òӦýվһ̫ˡ
תۣʮȥ
ʱѾͣ²ٳţһĺݲȣһҲ
ˣŶˡ
ؿڣͣ
ʱ򣬻Ѿǳ٣£Ьӡ
Сӣô
ʵ
ɱߣ˺ɱ֮

гһֱӳŻնȥ
ʱԶһǿѹɫһ䡣
ûԥɶԶ
⽻֯һ߲˲Ϣڻߡ
ߣϽ֯ž˵ʹƽԶݱɫ
ͨ죡
ԺͬʱֵĻ
ңĳߣǻĳӦҲѰҵˡ
ӲС
䣬̽ǣſеܣ۳һֻյĴ֣ȫ£ͬܵĿռ䶼סˡ
ɫļ¡
ֻ֣̫ˣ
С˼ҳʲôҡ
һ
Ϣ䣬ظǰĻ
ʱ䣬ѹֱ£ѹ
ǰ
캰ʱͷһɡ
Ǵϲǰÿζ㼰ʱǺһ˧ˣ


546 ˼
ظбһƣͷĻһ𣬵һȦ⡣
һѰҵĳѹĴֶʱ˻ȥ˫۵һ
˻û˵Ƥ˶ѣ߼ɣöѰʲô鷳ɡ
ظ
ѰҵĴˣûô۸

˵ţһ׶ʼһֱɢֲң׶ԱһԾͻ龧ϵķĲࡣ
Ȼһǿͨңһ֡
һܵȻơ
ϼһϢøˣ
ӡ
ҲԾʩչ׶Ϣȷʵǳ£ǿ̫ࡣ
Ѱ׶˼ңҲ»޹ˡظ국˾䣬⸡֣ưУȥɽڰɡ
䣬ظʧת뿪ط
һĨɫظ뿪ʱȻûܲ׽䶯
һĺ׶ʧŻգתԶȥ
ʱط
ƮŵѪζȺǰֻľʬ廹ڽֵ֮ϡ
ſڣȴ˵ʲô
׵ţĸͽǽֵϣ۷洫ӡ

ظ뿪ֵʱѾǻص֮ǰµĿͷڡ
ͦǻѰҵĴ˶ɱ
һ£бˡ
һ棬ָǰɲܹңȫСӸɵģʹȥˡ˵ţ̾ʵһʼǰˣǾܾģͲһٶԼͶ
ðߣֱһ˹ȥ
໣Сӣ̫ˣ
ư
ôֻǶһߡ
ظɨһۣ׵ûʲôѰңԺǣĴйžǳ龧ŪԵĶԴﵽƷĲΣܲΪУòҪΪС
΢΢ݣظĸо䵭Ȼȴǿ󣬿û뵽ȴҲѰңʹ̲סü壬ôĿ𣿡
ظͷһżȻõŴ֮һĴйžȻ֮һ֮һĴҲ㹻ˣԴ˴˺պ֮ڽ´壬Ѱʾغ;ηϾ֣ǻûʸ̳С
õ֮һĴУҲ̽Ѱھ龧龧ʩǼˡλµž˵ƿشƣԸ⣬ܻٵԱΪ𡣡
˵꣬ظ˿ڲˮ
ȴǾסˣǰ⴫ţǲЩ̫ڿˣܻٵ͹żϼأǿһĸڣٵǻٵһ磬λһ綼ܸٵ
ſţʵȴšظȻ֪ЩʲôŴÿ˶ͨ쳹صֶΣЩ˿⡣
üǺܾȡ
Ҳһһ㶵ģظĻסˡ
ܻٵˡ
ˣ̫ȣ˵ԺҲܴﵽǾ˵ĸ߶ȡظվֶպɽ䣬ǾͲҪˡɱ׵żˣһϼһǹƶţһǣ϶ɱ֣ҲÿζǡɸϵΪǽΧѰҵˣǺȻҲ棬죬ʵʵ棬𣿡
õǰ
˵
ȥ
ͷظ˵ôΣգﻹԸȥ
ظͷ뿪ȥһЩ׼ˡ
û£˶٣ߵһ
·Уи
Ǹħ
Ʒۡ
һûʲô£Ҳֻߵһ룬һ
ˣܿչȥ
峿ʱ֣ظ꿪ڣɽʱˡ
ɽǲ̫Զûйã˱ɽΧ
ɽΧȥǰĳɽһһͬļǰ㣬һ𺳵ĸоԽ뵽ɽʱʱ˲٣һּΪɣϢ֯У첻ɵ΢΢¡
Сĸҡ
ظ
Ȼͷɽ򵥣Թ֪˶ˡ
ǰɽȺ˸ŵâʱ䣬ѾнʯеƤžΣͼԺС
ظ֮ǰ˵ġʮǿУֻһ˻߳£²Ƥžһǻ߳Ҳ˵ƤžͼԾŸǿߵ۳Ķ¼ƬɽĵεΣ˵һյơƤž֣κ˶߱ơ
˽ɽʱһЩѾвߵǰɽԿӰǿߣܿվµˡ˸ظ󣬲úǴɣԽһɫɽһȵڡ
ȵŲӰϱǿߣҲһţͷɡ
ظƬȵڣʱ㿴˼ϤӰ
׵Ż۳ϣѰҵĳߣǻҲվڳߡ
ȻҲˣʱɭȻֱɨ˹
󣡣㻹
׵ŵĻ۳⣬ŭݣֱӶס죬̧ȱ˹ȥо˵ӿɽ䣬ļʶǰǼ˾Ȼȫնɱ۳ҲǺ֪ʱ죬ܲŭжʱ¶̹ǵɱ⡣
һ𣬻۳ϵɱϣʱһѹֵĸо
λ˼ңԼɵĵ̫ţɱ˶ɱֲñ˰ɡ
ظ국
ʱ䣬оͷѹһɣظ꽫Էȫ
ɱҽ׵ʮһͽ֮޹ʶѰҵŴ˳֣ӵͬħһ㣬ָΪ޵츲صѣΣ
׵ŵĻ۳֪ظǿ󣬿ɴʱȴûкˣԵ÷ǳǿơ⽫ѰҵŴ˳ֵ½Ѱҵĳһ֣˵һȫ˵ڳһżջ
˫۶ʱһȻó۳˼ö񶾣
طŲˣѰҵҲˣûҲ֣ˣԭЩ˺ԩ޳𣬿֪һ󣬱м֣ܶϾļֵǺܴܴ϶ߣսضǿΪʿɱ˶ᱦ£̫ˣ
Ҫ֪طʿûһߣһϣظڣҲԲܻ


547 ˭ǰɱ˭
ʵ֤ĵĲǶ룬׵ǻ۳ϵĻ󣬶ʱ䣬ط˵񶼱ϡЩûһߣͨɾǿߣ޵һ̰֮ɫ
ģ˵
̲סƿڴ
еŨ׽һЩ˵ı仯˶ڶ
ظһγ˼ң˼Ҫ̫㡣
Ž׵ŵ۳ϣظӿƽ
׵ŵĵѲ˵Щʵѣ˼˵Ѱҵĳվ˳Ӷ֣˿ãϷҲһѰҵˣ۸˵ģ
߳Ǻͽ׵ŵĳվһ
һʱ䣬ǿӿ֣ѹȥ
붯֣ÿˣ
ظ䣬Ҳøǿʢͬκһˡ
Ѱҵĳߣȥвң
£Щ̫ǿˡ
׵ŵĳٴο粽
ˣȻҪͬʱ֣
ظ΢ԵĮҾͿɱ
һһɿӿĴضڲ
һȻ֪ظǳǿ󣬵ȴҲû뵽ôǿ
ȲʵЩˣͨ۷ǿˣ
ߺͻ۳϶һ¶֮ɫȻظǿ󳬳˵ԤϡˣȴûȴҲǿ
Ѱң޾ˣ
һ߿粽ϡ
ˣ
һϡ
ʱ䣬ɱ⽻֯ܺƵ˾Ȼͬʱֳ̧ץȥ
һʱ䣬ֻоͷƤƺҪˡ
ߣ
ظߣһͬʱ£˳ȥ
ߺͻ߶һ
Ǳ˽㣡
ߵ
䣬Ȼһȥֱʩչ׵ŵĴͨѹϡ
һƬռʱ񱩵
һͣСˣһ϶ۣ
ظ֣â졣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ͨǿ棬һʱ䣬һ˵ϯ˲ٴʯ
ظһսˣܿ˲֮ϡ
̧ͷŲ񷣬оâ˸ظ̫ǿˣȫѹˣ
˵Ʋԣֻһ˿ѣߺ˲١
ʱһЦ
ԶѰǻɨһЩʿڳλ˭ܳ´˶ˣͳͷС龧顣˵ţָ죬ȻϵԼҲҪǣֻҪǵʬ壡

⻰һȺʱȻ
ɱ죬ܵңѵõͷС龧ǿ൱һʱ䣬˶ƣ񶼱øȣڶʱʿ˫۷Ź⣬·ڶһ͵ĿȰ㡣
ָŻƿڴҪĶԼǶս
ɢһɱ⣬ĶŻꡣ
ЦӦƵƣλˣͷ龧
⻰£Ⱥһ
ң˳ǰ粽̰ɱסơȻУ󲿷˶Ƕ죬ϾһֵΪˡ
Ϣһɨڳˣ˭ǰҾɱ˭
䣡
ûж˵ʲôֱӽʯ߶
ЩҪȻûʲô˵ģ֮вˡ
ʯ⻪ʢɹ˸ȷʵסˡ
һЩԭҪǰɸƺȴηģͣ
˭ǰɱ˭ȻԴ
һվ˳
⣬Ҳ֯Ϊһͨɵһǿߡ
ƫͷкâ֯סˡ
ֱָŶԷϲĶٶĵҪɱ˶ᱦ˷ˣ˾Դģ˲ŰүףӾȫ⣡ȻҲ޵ͨɲΣү۾ϹˣͨɴٵʱȻûаû
ߵɫʱһƬ࣬ɱ⽻֯ɭȻĶơ
ʲô飬ֹҧү

ɫϣʹﵽͨɲΣһСɵ̫ϳϣƽռҲ˾ηȴȻףӾȫ⣬һһ飬ϵɱͬɽ˰㣬ڽ
ϻˣϣôˣΣܵסǣ
վ˳
һϵͨɳڣȴ䣬ͬʳ˵ͺհ㡣
ԣ˶࣡
һϣҲסǣ
ϣ
˶࣬˶
Ȼ䣬ٹϢӿޱǿ󣬳ѹȥ
У󲿷˶ǹ졣
ЩȻܿĳУǻҪĿꡣ

ŭվΪ߶ޡ
ʱһǿԪ̼ɢ
Ŀ̺⣬ʯâţˡңҶݺĴɽӣȪʥȫ֧˲ϵǰ
ϵʧɫٶʵ̫ˣ㡭
˶ɱң˵ģ
пᡣ
û˿ʯֱӳѹ£Ҳһȥ
ϵʱ¶־֮ɫϢֲ̫ˣһʱ

ȡ
ʯһѹ£ֱӽѹѪ
⡭
Ⱥʱһһͨǿߣת۾ͱ顣
ȴǲЩ˵ı飬䣬ǚiǰ
Ҳ
һٴδ߶ʯѹ¡
߾֣ס
ۣ
Ѫը
ʱ䣬˵¶ļ֮ɫһͣ
תۼѣȻͨǿ߱ɱ
ҿˣƾôǿ˭ܹ֮ȡУγܺһ򣿡꿪ڣʱʹһ󣬻ŵٶͷ龧ֻҪ˵ʬ彻ңҸͷС龧൱λɣ
䣬ͷС龧⻪Ϊã
ģҲھӳһһڿҧ

ԵúܵĮƵ
λѵãұټһͷ龧ɨһЩֹǰʿ꿪ڣ˭ɱǣһ˵ʬ彻ңұԷͷС龧飡
ʱȺڡ
һʱ䣬ƣ˵񶼱̰ɱʢ
ɱ
˴𣬳ǰ
ɱˣܵһܵͷ龧һ˺ѰҵĴЩϵջ̫ˣ


548 ɱȫ
Ķ̰ģŻͷ龧ټɱ˱Եõһ˷ջֵΪȥƴ
ɱ
˴𣬳ǰȥ
Уʮ˶Ǵͨɾ磬ΪһЩСɵ̫ϳϻһȭͷС龧һõͿǵʵ
һʱ䣬ʮǿϢ볯ѹȥ


Ȼ˿ҲǼһ
˭Ҷ֣
ϴһ
ظսߺͻߣ˿ߣӱһƬ
ʱ˶һȿ²
»ǹ˺Լɣ
ߡ
ûʲôֱӼǿһʱ죬š
ǿ߶֣ȻռݲϷȴȫȫظǣ
λô˻ϣ
ʱ
ɲǼ䣬ɱٴ
ſµظȷʵǣ˲ϣЩ˵ĵӱִ
ɱ
ֶδɱλѣΪ޵簲ص˺
˶ħ
Ⱥȵ
Щ˸˫۱䣬е̰ȴҲβˣ˶졣
ģһȺҪĶ
־ŭһȺ˳ɲǿЦ
ϣظҪ֣ȴߺͻǣڲ񷡣
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һʿȣͬнս㣬Ϣǿᡣ
Уʮͨǿǿ£һĲ·Ҫ˺һС
Ȼ˿ҲǼסôˡ
ˣο
Ʒŭֿɥ
ظ걻ǣڲϣôǿߣͿ죬ܵס
ȭͷѹһˣ˫۱ޱɭ
ߣ
˵꣬Ѱһֱӳȥ
ȻûͣһѹͣôֱӸȥ
׷
һ˴ȡ˿Ǵһͷ龧һڳأЩοűߣʱȫȥ
ٶȺܿ죬׷˺ܶ࣬˲ϺͲϵظ˵ʲô
Ƹ󣬰ʱܳ˺ԶҪһɽˡ
ǰеİԻ
һƾâȻһƺ⡣
ע⿴ߵ·һӡ
֣ش
ɻ󣺡Сӣ˼ǣҸҲĽӡߣ
ԣмǣ濴һӡ
ɫ
ƾܻǲ⣬˵֣أͷ֪ˣ
ܿ죬ɫƮС
涢ĽŲԣȫǲĽӡǰܡ
ɱ
Ӳˣ
ǵҵģ
Цҵģ
˭ȡǵͷ­˭ģ
Ⱥ
ǿ֯ڿУȺܿҲ˰Ƶĵطֱӳ˽ȥ
Щ˵ٶȶΪ׵ļͨǿߣһء
ЦŶ˵ıӰΪУǻ

ҽ𣬴ϻ
ȺǰһͨǿͻȻ飬ת۱㻯Ѫ

ô£
ղŷʲôôôƾվ͡
ƺû˹
Ⱥһ
ʱһҽдԶһ۷ǿ߲СĲһʯڲһɺմȾϣһ˲ͻˣ˼ⲻ档
һĻʱס˲ˡ
⡭طйŹ֣
ļ¡
ˣ˶ˡ
ԶĲѾ˲٣ֱͣ
ʱҽУ¶Ц⣬оâ
ȻҲȲҽȥʱһ
мˣѵΪǵִ
ǡ

ǸǴɭɭЦ
ЦƶʱòһСӣЦ̫ˣˣ
бһۣôֻĶź󷽡
ƤžɽǳϸһЩΣյĵط϶бǣ˾԰ȫͨ·ߣͨжѾƤģӹĵطƤϱǵĽߴһп
ԣطʱƲĽӡߣ˲Ǿ԰ȫ
ɱȫ

תâ֯ǹһĨɭЦ⡣
ʹ𶯣סǧҪҶ

طȺһξ룬˿̣طǳİȫȻȫָǲõı׷ɱǵȺĿռ仹ǴΣأߴһͨǿҲ˲涣ƲҪҶ
С㡭
ƾȡ
û˵ѾԶȥ
Ȼǰ塣
ǳԭ·۷
תۼѣ׷ɱƵһʿǰ
㾹Ȼۻأ
Ⱥ죬һ׷ǱӴڵˣ˿̾Ȼ˻
ܿ죬ЩУ󲿷˵ıֶˡ
ЩԭΪطĹŹֶģפ㣬ǴʱǰطĹŹ˲ȴˣЦŶ졣Ƕԣ첻죬һڱأһżɵ
ԼܵǰǺεȵĺ£
ɨӶ׷ĹоʮˣЩУΪĶ죬ʮŸͨɾǿߣǿĴͨɵ죬ǳ£ƵһɻԵǴ˿̣¶ЩˣֻǴЦ
һˣ·
˵
⻰Ⱥһ㶣漴ȻЦ
·
ˣǷˡ
ƾһˣô˶
Ҳû˿ܣ
׷ɱŵı׳˰ɣ
Ⱥ
ܿ죬˶Ϊһͨɵǿߣزȥ
ǰ壬˶ʱһæҲǰȥ
ڣһڳ󱦲أЩ˶Ϊ˶ñȣ
䣡
һʱ䣬ʮ˳졣
ЩˣֻЦгһֱͨӳǰնȥ
ﬣ
âڳȺ⣬ƬնһĽۡ
Ȼ⣿Ǻµķ𣡡
ǰǸͨǿһ㶣漴ЦĽŲЩ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǼ٣Ϣǿ
ʱն۵ĵطһɫ˳ͬˮ㡣

ǰͨǿ߲СմȾһʱҽУͬҵҽ˰㣬ѣڻ漴۵һը
ô£
ʮʧɫȫͣǰһĻ
Ҳʱ֣ɨһɽ硣
ϯӽİɫʱζȺɢȥ
ɫᣬ˲䱻ʮԱߡ

̼䣬ҽһƬ


549 ҵϥ
ɫȥᣬȴ·ǻԴȪֻҪմȾϣͨɾǿ߶ֵˣֶξҲá춢ǰ׷ʮУ߸ͨɾǿߣʱһưУһ˲Ѫڻ



ҽһҶ롣
ɫƮоȥ߱ʲôµĲ˿ȴ·ԵĺףֻҪʿȾϣѲˡתۼ䣬ȳǰʮȫѪɫ͵һʣֻѪζƮڿС
վԶһĻֱӵɴ˫ۣСӡղʲô
ͬһʱ䣬ʿɫ
㡭
ղţʲô
ô£
˺ȵ
ʮˣͨɾǿߣȻһ˲ȫˣЩ˼
˵ˣ·ѡ

䣬וּһгһǚiֱӳһ˱ȥ
Сˣ
Զе
죬Ȼһ˳ˣǶȺУǻмͨǿ߰
񣡡


Ⱥȳ⡣
ͨǿ߿ǰҪȡͷ­һ̱һɫʱ䡣ʱ岻ܶˣ·һֻδֽ˫קס˰㡣
ۣ
һӵ³ֱӽ֮ķ顣
ǣ
ﵽô£
УдŹ֣
ɫ䡣
ӸղſʼӶ£һЩ˸оͷƤˡ
󷽣궯ݣˡ

ҽƮطʿĪը
˳طѰȡ˵ͷ­
顣
˸ŵͷط̫ˣ˶⣬˿ʼˡ
Ҳʱ̶˹
ˣˣ
ĵ
ǚiƻãתۼƵһǿǰ̧һԷͷ­նѪӿûͣ£⣬ƬһӰʱרЩվʿгն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۼ䣬˱ն
ңĽƴ֮⣬һߣϳһʿ𹥻
󣡡
Ϊҵղ㣿
ֱɱɱˣ
˺ȵĵطǶ֣ѵͲһ
Ȼ䣬ͨǿ߿ǰ졣
һͨǿߣ֮ǿĻ꣬һ˸ܵס
죬ҪսͨǿߣȻ£Ȼˣȴ˿Ҳûη壬ն˽űߵһʯ顣
͵һкð˽ϡ

ҽ˲ǿߣһ˫ֱӱڵˣѪǲ档
ң̲ûоʹͣ£˳˵˫ȶϣתۼ佫֮˸ǡ
һ죬ͨǿ߻ѪȾһƬر
⡭ʲô
Ⱥ㤡
һẓֱ́ӽһͨǿ߸ˣ
וּһâ̶
ɲЩ˾ȵʱ䣬ųǚiƬռ˸һնĿռ͵졣תۼѣмʿĽ£Ҫôһնͷ­Ҫôһüģһɱ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
һ顣
ȺˣĽ⣬ܣֱǿֶӲһʱ䣬طӿһԵĺͨʿľ

ҽٴ
ƶеһͨǿͻȻص׳һŹУֱӵز

Уˣˣ򣡡
˿̣һͨɾǿ߶ˡ
ط̫ˣ
һʱ䣬ûȥɱ죬Ƕѡ˱ܣƬ塣
Ȼˣͱߣ컰䣺·˵
Щԩ޳𣬵ȴΪ˶Ϊ˻ļ龧ҪɱƣĳֽǶ˵Щ˱Ȼ񡣶Щˣ飬ǚiһ˼˸նһĽ⡣
ǿܣһ̱ǲ֪ʲôûбĽնУȴǱһĪƶϣֱԭըйǽضǡ
û⣬ӻζ
Ƥžǵһ򣬵ƬһطȫһطΣգ֪һ˿̣ǚiÿŵĵطǾ԰ȫ˾Ͳһˣ󲿷ֶǲƶ

ҽٴͨǿĪֱӱԭը塣
ңˣڳӶݵˣһҲըЩ˲Ľ⣬ǱƬһЩɱʤȻͨصǿߣ˿ҲЩͷƤˣطֱһƬ
ǚiгӶƬһնʿ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ͷһſƮ𣬼ΪĿ
ԶƶطֱӵԲ˫ۣ񰡣ǡڷʲô£СӡʲôһˣڽٵǿȺг棬ڽ£ĪԱըʹĿࡣ

ҽ쳹ķ
תۼ䣬˻ͨǿ߻ţɫ԰ף־岻ѡ
㡭ﵽʲôطǹ
ŭ졣
̶̰ӲǿֻʣˣУ󲿷ֶĪͲ콣£ǱƬĹŹֺ͹ɱߴһͻУȴƶûзһ㲻⡣
ʱЩ˾ٰ׳ҲˣطϤ֪һƬ֪طǳΣգ죬ǹ򣬹ƬһʼͲӣɱˡ
㡭ñɣ
ŭ
ɣЦҲʸ˵֣
˶˵ʲôһνɾ֧֮߶ޣƵĪѹȥܹȻһǿߣطĴƷǳ˽⣬ˣȴҲҴ⡣
ŭ𣬹ɱͬʱСעܡ
ϧⲢܸıʲô

˲ҽУ֪ʲôطкɫ׵ӵص׳ֱӽ֮֮󣬲ҽвϣʣͨǿȺѣȴһ˱ɱ⣬˽ĪըҪôڵ飬Ҫôڻ
һӣɱĽʿȫ
衭ѽСӡ
ԶƵۡ
ʮŸͨǿߣʮϵʿڲһڣȫ
н֯ź⣬ɨǰüͷһ
ӵĵͦ죡

Ųע⣬ȿɱٻͷʱ꾹ȻѾ
Զк˸Źƽͷȥܿߵƽǰ
ָ磬Ŷ磡ˣҵϥǣ
ƽе


550 ֲѻ
ǿɱȻڰӲʱȫҪ֪ЩĶΪʮŸͨɾǿߣһЩССɵ̫ϳϻһǿһͨҲһüͷӦԡһɿֲȴ׾ٵı
ˣȫ
սܲ˳Ծ
һʱ䣬˶ˣ𺳵Ķ졣
бһۣԶȥû׷ȥ
ߣظλǰأǲȥ
ƻعʵ
ҡͷλǰǿ󣬲õģ׵źѰҵͨʿӦҲλǰĶ֣ǣסѣòŵġظʵȷʵܿ£Էܹоĳ
ҪǣãԼڻȥظȥһЩ鷳ϾҪһ߱һߺǿսȻķѸľ
⵹ʵλǰȷʵǳǿ󡣡˵Щɻ󣺡˵֣ɵͨӦûôǿ˲ŶԣѵɵĳϣòҲ԰ϲӦôУҶһЩͷӡ
üȴҡҡͷþ֮λǰǺܺá
ȷʵǡ
Ƶͷ
ûͣǰ·ȥ
ܿ죬˱߳Զ
ģѰǸС˵Ȼˣ
֪ӵƺܲˬ
Ц´ټֶνɱ

ƵͷС龧ظϵɿȺ׷ɱ죬ȻΪˬֱһһƵԷ
һ·ȥȻߵĶСġ
Ƭɽ۸ӣúǰ·ƸȻƹһƬɫɽһϡط˷ˣǿ
ɽʿ治٣
ֹ
ɽȻǳΣգȴ䣬ң˵һڳأȻû֪صʲô˶ţֻҪõأʵȻǰ漸գ̹ظɽһЩ£ظȻҲûбԼ֪ȫ
ɽеأһ룬ڴضԾ졣
˫۷Ź⡣
Ȼ¡
ͷ˵
ʮǿ̽ѰĵƬڵıŶļֵΪҪǣеʮǿߣֻһ˳ȥûѰأ෽涼˵صľˡ
ûٶ˵ʲôƸ󣬼ɨܣǳǰȥ
ƹһɽǰɽЩڣǱѪˮȾֱúڰԵЩˡȥԶΨһͨ·Ե÷ǳ᫣·һ߾ɢʬ׸ֻ࣬ʣ˹ͷѪѾ١
Ӧǰˡ
Ƶ
ͷ˼ǰߡ
·ܿ·ԵñȽϳʪȴ⣬ʿҲ·ϡЩ˴඼ǽУȻҲһЩǿѡУһЩͨɾɢޣ⻹һЩСɵ̫ϳϵȣǼ֮
д磬ߵɫأȻһ·鷳
ɣ
ԶһɫϣֻϢѻڵͫ׶ߣ˲ɵһίʵЩˡ
ҲǹŹ֣һ·˲ɼֻѻϢ

ɫĴľһ޴񳲣ԵЩѪ죬ֻѻվڳѨУĶˣɫͫ׷·ǻе㣬аͬ
ȺУʱɫһקƣֱˡ
С
ɻҲʱĶԶɫľϵļֻѻת˲·ϡǻϢһͷǰһͨǿϣһţֱ˺˵ĴƬѪ⣬˳

ʲô
Щѻ
ҽ
ֻѻͬʳ㣬ʱǿʿѪתۼ䱻ɵ󣬼ֻѻûߣȥ弫СȴżΪ˵Ϣ֮ҺһƬһЩͨǿ߶
קƣǚi˳ʮԶͣǰȥ

ҽд̶ͷƤ顣
ǰ·ϣһʿ£ѪȫǼֻѻɵ˸С
۾ֱˣͷ亹ֱ⣬⼸ֻѻǡֻɫѻֻǰ󣬾ȻתۼʳʮʿͨɵڶǿߣûκܹˣʹƼЩ
ͳ˵ʹҪǰʳܿͻȥ
ק˳㹻Զʱһ԰ȫ
ʳƲ죬ֵУղ֪Ҫղǰקߣ·ֻ֪ѻҪ㣬Щȡ
ֱ

Ƥžϼ¼ණȻ⼸ֻѻƤžϵļأ⼸ֻѻͨѻԶʱһֲʿѪΪʳ֯Ϣ۾ʱǹźţŵ鷢ʳѪ⣬ֱʳ㹻ŻߣҲۡ
ŶҲû룬СĶǰ

ҽлصתۼʮ˵£Ѫⱻɶȥֻʣ˹ͷ
·ϵʬ壬ѪⶼѾ٣һΪ¸ˣԭһǱЩѻʳˡƶǰӣ˵⼸ֻѻôСĶӣʳЩѪⶼܵȥˣڣѾн˱Ǹ̵ˣǶӣװôѪ𣿡
˭֪أֶͲѰ࣬аԳ֮
˵
ǰĲҽгصʿ֣ӡ
ȻҲֻѻ𹥻ȴ𲻵ʲôã⽣âڼֻѻϣǷͬնޱȼ̵Ľϰ㡣
ģ̫ˣҲܿͨ۷ǿˣ
Ƶۡ
Ҳ˸ѾƤž֪˼ֻѻĿֲۿ̲סȡԷȥͨëڣͨѻûʲô𣬵ȴĺܿ£ǵǿȣȻǱǻҪʮ
ҽǰֱʮ˵£ֻɫѻͣ
һֻѻתۻصľϵĳѨڣɫͫ
ˣǲڹ

ȷ
ʵղǼֻѻһʿĳίʵ£ͨʿסҪǰȥǼֻѻַǿɾͲˣûĶס
ĬĬͷû⡣
ƤϵֻѻѾ˫ۣӦòٷ𹥻
ǰߣҲЩС󣬺ѻûٷ
ߣ
˾䣬ӿٶȡ
ΪղŵһĻĻʿԭ־岻ǰɿƽͨǶʱ䣬˶ǰ壬ܿ߹ط
ǰúԽһɫɽ
ɫѾѪɫϼƮš
ǰͷڳվɽۣϼ⣬ۡ
Ҵǡҹҹ棿Ƶۣװ


551 ̱ɳ
ҹ棬ҹ˵ǴڵĹ֣ڳᣬۣǳ¡
һ壬ģһͷ߱ɵĴװ
ӡ
ҹ棬ⶫȹ£
ϾҪҹʱ֮ƹȥ
ͳ
ȥͷҹվɽۣɣݷϽ֯ɫ𣬺ǹ졣վɽۣкɫѪɫĹâƣƺȫȴˡ
ƿƤžƬɽϤָԱһɽ
ƶɽ۵ͷҹ棬Ųֹүȥˣ
ǵϢѰûΣգ
ġ
ǰ·ƸԱߵɽȥ
ҹ棬ɱͨǿߣͷվһȥǶԷ
Сģ˲Ӻ
ʱȺһٶȶܿ죬ǲΪ˶࣬Щ֯ŵһ𣬱Щңʱʹɽϵͷҹ΢٣ҹ֮ͣƫͷɽȥ
һ˫Ѫɫͫҹף·ԵĶ顣
𣡡
һͷҹ淢Ⱥɽҡ
Ѿ߳ȥһξ룬˿ХʱͷƤһ顣
쳯ɽλÿһۣʱǼ
ͷҹ棬ˣ
𣡡
һͷҹ涢סȺɽ۳ȥѪĹâ˸

ͺȡ
ͷҹ汻ʱ򣬽Ѿãõѡ
ģȺ˵ļһ
Ѿӿ񱼡
û˵ʲôǰ·ת۾ʮɡ

ģ
Ըǣ
вҽкŭҹ棬ȺʱǴ󾪣似ͨ
ƳȥʱŵһͷҹУһͷ죬ǳڵķ˹ĺɫһʮԶ
ѽСӣ׷ˣ
С
쳯ȥҲͷƤһ飬ͷҹɷ̫Ũˣͷһ
ܣ
ֻôһֱ֣١
@#ֱ׷ɱ
ƴ
ͣвҽѪζƮڿУ˼ЩʱٵľҲΣյúܣͣٶһᡣ
ҹ׷ѪɷϢԽԽŨ
˽˽ˣ
Ƴۣˣһʱŵ磬ٶȾ١
𣡡
׷ҹ£ӸѪˡ
һ·ɶݣܿܳԶ
ģñ䲻٣ԶվһӰ飬ɫԵЩ԰ףһ˫ӼΪն
ˣ
Ƶۡ
ɫ΢䣬ͷȥƺȵǲˣ˭˭ù
һæҲͷ
ˣСӣү
ʲôģƼ٣Ҳɱ٣Ǵ˿̣ɽͻȻ쭳һ䡰ˡȴ·һ˵Ϣһ¡
֮ͷ׼Уü٣

Ƥž֪һа飬ǳ¡
ƶ£Ļȫŵģ˿Ȼ̧ͷ
𣡡
󷽣ҹ׷ԽԽѪɫӶƣ̧ͷɨǰǵӰٶȵͺ𣬷·ǽǰӰҲ
ҲʱǰӰͷ­΢̧Ƭռ··˲併ʮȡ
ವһֻоһƺһӰ߳˹ȥ
һ̣ҽ𣬴
̲סȥֻӰ֪ʲôʱ˴󷽣ή˫ץסҹ˫ᣬһҧ˶ԷĲϣɫѪҺ춼ǡ󣬼ʱ䣬ͷɱͨǿߵҹֱӱ˸ɣ̵Ѹٸɱ͵һ飬һɺƮɢӶʣ
˳඼
үˣ
ƶ¡
׿ҹ棬Ȼһ˲ͱɱˣ
ϻܣ
ͺȡ
˵ٶȸˣת۾ɡ
ǹӰֲ̫ˣͬħһ㣬ʵЩˡ
ܿ죬гԼǧԶ
ûˣ
ͻȻ
طƺó޷Ծ򵥵޷ʩչ𲻵κã޷뿪߿ȥ
ɽﵽ֮һ󣬱޷УмΪصӰ

£Ǵظ֪Բȡ
ƲסķۣǱ׷ɱȻʳѻ˵еҹ棬ܳҹа飬շжˣⶼʲô
бһۣô
ǰɽ͵ͬһͷͷɫһֺΰ֮СУɷϢȴȥֺΰķɭСƬɽ˵ÿ߳һСʼնǱš
һ·ȥúȺ׷ǵĽŲȥЩ˸ɫѿѣѪʼ˵һ룬Ȼ߹ҹǹӰʱв˲
ҡ
ֹˣȾѪɫҰף˶ȱȡ
ԣ͸֪ԼжôˣٱԹٶ

ʼ磬ŲЩ
˲ãǰһˮأɫ·ɫĹԣŨ
ǣ
һⷽӺܲһ㣬֯ͬɽء
ãֱֱǰⷽɳطǳһͷ·һ㡣ȥʱʣеϼƮţǳλãˮޱȵľӨһƬɽȺڣôһȻĴء
ȺⷽɳأȻǾȡ
ҹѾƬɽ䣬¹£ко⣬һȭͷʯ鰲ǳˮˮף͸о˵ӿ
龧
˽е
Զһƹɢһˮףڸǣе֯
ͨǿðâ־ϲǡģ
ԽԽıﱻ֣ѵõ䱦óȥһۡ
һʱ䣬Ⱥˣˢˢǰ塣
Сӣϣˣ
ƴСɽ䣬ôãѣ˿ôһ౦ɳأ۾ˣǺһֱӳǰ˹ȥ
һ絽ɳڣһӣһȭͷС龧ץȡСȭͷС龧ڵѾЧò󣬵ȴǿԽѩҹʹãѩҹΪȽϵͣһ龧ѩҹС̨׵Ϊ

ҽʿΪһ֣һ˵౻ᴩ
ôһɳأûܹƽȭͷС龧Ѿʮ飬£ԽþҽϣѪˮܿȾ˴Ƭ档
䣡
ͻȻⷽɳԶЩˮλãˮ淭ӿпֲɷ


552 žߴʬ
Ⱥȫסˣ˶ͣᱦ䣬ⷽɳˮȥ
ץסڶȭͷС龧žâǳԶȥ
¡
ҷɷǿһͷȻ˳ۣͷţͬһ㣬ʮɳָǲ֪Σһ˫ԵüΪɭ
ǣԣ
ͨǿ߱ɫ
˶ͨǿߵʱ붯ݡ
Ƭɽ䣬ȻⶫУ
Ƶۡ
ԣ֮ҲΪ㡣Ĵԣ֮Ѫٽһ
ڴ˵еĴڣһɸأ޵У
ߣ
ûԥקƾˡ
ⷽɳлиı˿̾һͷޣ˵Ļɡ
𣡡
Գ˯ɳУѪζѣ˿һʱ䣬Ƭɳضڶ
¡һɳطڣľκ˳
˸ʮɣƺƴѹնںɫ֮ԵüΪˡ
䣡
һڣѹ
Ⱥ˻УһЩΪôǿˣֱӷ鿪
סԼƣȴҲǱֱѹصأǺһˮ
ˮ棬ڴϢ壬ȴҲǸоͷҪˡ
عҲܱȵͨ۷ǿˣ
ɫء
СֹʲôأϽģ
Ʒۡ

ҽ𣬴̶ǳ
ȥأǾףһѪըԡ
תۼ䣬ʮǿ鿪ڣֱӱʳԸС
ɽ䣬شף治ĵط
Ųӵ
Խյĵط̺Խˡ

ޣûпѵǳ˲٣ò﷢һ̱ɳأö٣û뵽һͷԣģܲѰˣ

춼ôˣԪ𶯣֮·ɳȥ
𣡡
Ƭɳض
Ⱥ˴ѣһЩʵǿᣬ嵽˿ˮλã˿Ӷˣһɳطڣʮˮ˳𣬽˷ˡ
ңԺΪģһ޴һɴɳȥ
õʱɳˮǵ
ΪԾʹ

˴Уƴȫӡ
Ҳܱȵͨ۷ĳǿߣһȥֻ
Ծ̫ⷽǿˣһͨǿ߾Ȼѳȥ
һʱ䣬˽Ǿ֡
Сӣô찡ô죡
ƴ󼱡
üоâ˸һԪٱ񱩡
ǿ£
ͳɫʩչ̫Ϊɫ֮øǿ
ӳֵʯϣʱ䣬͵һ޴б˺һţƣֱȥ
𣡡
ߣ˺УʱŭХһڹ⳯Ƭ
ҧ磬̫֧
Ҳ
Ƶͺȡ
׼ɽʱ䣬ʮԪɽÿһñ֮ǰʵǿᣬµĽƬռΪ֮Ťųĺڹӭȥ
䣡
˵ײǰĿռֱһĪ𣬳˷
ͬʱѪش
ҧŷ֮ǚiˮһ㣬㳯Զȥ
նգվ뿪ɳصķΧԶ
𣡡
˴ǰӵƺޱȵķŭɳرøӷڡ
طһʿʱ˴ѣ˾ֲҽУѹ顣

ҽлصƬطټɳأܿ챻ȾһƬ

⣬໥ţɫǲ԰һƬ
СӣжԶ
ʵ
ðߣⲻҪĶ᲻죿ʲôжԶ
߳ɣֱȷ뿪ɳѾԶˣ˲ͣ
ȡ˵ıһһö̷֮˵ɫܿ춼˲١
԰Ȼˣ˵ǾѪӣֵ˵ڣżأǿ𣡡
ⶫ˵ҡͷ
ڤħͼ¼мأһ֣ǣڤħνԶһ桱֣ν֮⡣Ǵڻʥ飬ʮ
ƸпһǴڣһ˵Ǳһ۱ɿȾʥһѪ꣬ֻҪõԿԼǿĻԪ챦ҪǱүܵõЩǸöð
žֱ˦һƣһĶˣ춼ҪۣѪҿǻˡ
Ҫ룬һûԶ룬Ǻʲô𣿡
Ƶ
쵹Щ죺벻ȻҲ˵Ļ
Щ⣺ǣ
бһۣĬĬתļֱȥ̶Ӻ󣬲վ
³һҲʱ
ߡ
˾䣬ѭһȥ
Сӣߣܲȥ˲һɥı飺һ·Σղң⻹ûɽĵشõԽȥΣձԽԽ£ү治ȥˡ
ģһı飺ղ˭˵ҪѪ˭˵ҪԶ룿һĥѾǰ̸Զ룬Ҫ
ƣ
ˣүȥ𣡡
Ȼ
ͶˡͷǰȥǾ仰ԽΣյĵطرԽˣȻԲ˵ضͷС龧
㵱龧·ߵɳʯ
Ҿʹһȷ˭˭׳ա
@#
ˣ£Ͻߡ

Ƭɽģоâ˸ƤžݿԺ֡ƤžģǿӡȾ˴һɫȦóǻһһ飬ţضƬɽҪĵطΪ棬ƬɽĲһھأôرĵطһںȦλã
ǰںһǰȥ
ΪƿƤžƬɽǷǳϤ֪Ӧȷȥܹܿһˣڽʱɻβüζǲ˹ȥش
ܿ죬ʮչȥ
һ죬ƤžɽģƤŵǺɫԲȦλΧǰȥطһ޴ɽߣվɽ⣬ԿһЩѪɫͺɫʯȥܲһ㡣
䣡
ʱо˵ɽڴͬʱϢ
춯ݣƶһۣ첽ȥ
ܿ죬뵽ɽ߼Զй˸
ǰǿʿȥһ۾Ϳ𻯵ŵظꡣ
ǰ
쿪ڻһ̱ǺݺһʶڵҵĻζ
һ߿ȥžʬվһʯǰźֲˡ
ϢϣеĲǡʬ
ɫ䡣


553 ʯ
žʬʵ̫ˣɿݣȴ֯ŨĺµǣȺоȻһ˿ĵĲͷƤɵһ顣
ĲǿǴǿ߲žеĶ
ž߹ʬǰҲǴǿߣ
춯ݣѵǵɽľŸʿô
žʬȻɿݣȴûи࣬ɢϢԨһ¡
ǺػǷʯ
ȻҲͿ˾ž߹ʬ˿ָžž߹ʬʯ˵
ȥʯʲôرĵطȴŵĹԣʱȴͻȻ˸оʯøߴɲ⡣
ж
һ
ʯʶɨӣͻȻǷ·һ޴棬
ǰļӰظ꣬н׵Ǹ۳ϣѰǸߣ⻹⼸ˣϢͨǿߡЩͨɾǿߣ˿һ⣬ȫڶߵʯ
Ȼ˶ڴʯ⣡
䣡
ܹͬκϯⷽʯڡ
žʬվʯǰûʲôϢȴͬ嫺һӿһƬƬļͨɾǿѹȥȻҪɱˡ
ʯڵļǿߣ𶯳ȳϢĺڶԿš
Ǿž߹ʬʲôֱϢ۶ɣֲˣ
˿Һ
ҲڶǰʯǰҲžŸͨɾǿߣ˶ԾʬϢ໥ײʱʱо˵ĵ绡֯н֯žâĿƹٴھž߹ʬǷʯϣⷽʯ
ʹ𶯣ҪΣա
һظ귢طд
Եн׵ŵĻ۳ϺѰҵĳߣһ·սط˿̷ƳطظЩ죬ȴԵúɣȻΪưȻһϾ֮ǰ˿ǿߵΧɱظһֱܵģ˿̲ŷ
䣡
ظ껰µһ˲䣬ǰϯйʬɱȥ
ž߹ʬϽûʲôԵúܽӲͬǸճĽʬ㡣
Ѿˣͱٳ
ǿߺȵ
ն
˿ڡ
ܹطûһߣϾЩûͬǰƿƬɽϸҰȫ·ߣȫǿʵǿʴˣսܿ¡˿̣˶֣һʱ䣬Ƭռ䶼֨졣
ž߹ʬǰ棬һһĳžŴǿûȥ
ݣն
׽ɱ
ͨɰǿߴȣź׵ţսǿͨܿ¡
䣡
ɫӿϢһ˸߹һˣЩ֮ͨʴ
ž߹ʬɫӲûʲô飬ֻǻӶ˫ۣӿŶûȥЩЩ£ǵлŵĲֲǳ΢ȴҲ㹻ˣԵЩ
ȥž߹ʬȫס˾ˣȴûռݵϷ
Ƶ
ǲǸոտǶѣжЩеûʲôµֶΣֻǿǹٸһʱ䣬˺ͨ۷ǿߣƻնһ򵥣ǿ˶üɵ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰ¡¡
֪ս˶ã׵ŵǿʩչ״һʱ䣬֯аżĿãܿǽǰĹʬɣ絽ʯǰ
ȡˣ
âְ̧ʯ֮ϣͨɾǿ߸ɫ
һ̣⼸ٴζݡ
ǰ׵ͨɰĳϽʯϣȻͻأ䣬һɿµһɣԶڿѪ¶ı顣
зӡ
ҧ
һʱ䣬˽ƫͷʯͫһ
ͨɰǿߣֻʯһ£ȻͱɣȻ˼صˡ
𣡡
ʬƺΪ˿ʯͷʬŭˣӱЩѪ죬ĺøӿֲ¡¡ķӿͬĴ˰㳯žȥ
׵ŵǸϣʱ˴ѣش£˿̱ɵǾ߹ʬƵǰа֣֮㱻ʬ˺һֱ

ҧشܡ
ʬȴǱ׿Щƶͬһ㡣
ˣ
һߣԾѰǳʩչ໥λλ˦һͷʬҲʯǰΪ׵ǳϵǰ֮Ѱûʣչ԰ǧĳʯֶȥ
ֻǣֲûб׵ŵ˺ö١
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
Ĳһ顣
գǱɣѪɫԵò԰Щ
Ȼ״Ҫ׵˺ò١
ѰҵҲʯǿȡƺѡ
ԶƲ졣
¶âֱֱǰҲЩ𾪡ţ²Ǿž߹ʬ֮ǰɽڵľŸǿߣڿӦûʮѾطʯǣʮ˶ûȡߣǾˣӦǿҪȡʯڵĶط

ǰ
׵ŵĻǰʩչͨ޹Ѫɡ
ԶЩ˼Ķʯ
ʯħ㲻ɺ
һʯѣҲȡߣ
ŵĳϵ
ǿ󲽷ʬײŵǿʯǰŶеĽӡҪʯȴҲʧܶ飬㱻ӡ
ʯ䱦Ծ
ĺһѣ

ǿֶʯԣʩչǿֶΣҪʯΪУȴûһ˳ɹԽǼڽʯߵˣܵķԽ£һͨɰǿֱӱһֱۣ㵱
ˣ
ظɹʬʯԣ͵ȴ˵ǶϣʯȴһƵâظɣֱӿѪ˺ʮԶ
⡭
󷽣쾪ȣ˼顣
ظʵ֪ģǳ£ڣȴȻҲʯ޿κΡ
ʯʲô
Щ졣
ǰ˽˲ˣüɫԵúѿ
һˣֱ۶ˣһεѪˮڵϡ
׵ŵĻ۳ͻȻ俪ڣλͬʯȻŷǳǿķӡѰֶԽ⿪ǿԻ˵ѪΪչ׼ʯпƵʯķӡӶȡĶ
˵ţ䣬Ƶķȥ
ʱɫ
˵ͷǣȻ뽫ǵƷԿʯ



554 
ɽڣͨǿȻҲѾƣ˹ȥ
ʱ䣬ɨˣٴαɫ
ȥץ
׵ŵĻЦ
䣬˽ŲһΣֱӳƱȥ
䣡
һɺɢ
ظѵõĶŭӱ𣬳Żץȥ
һǰΪӣ͸
Ѱҵĳѹסظꡣ

ظȣ˵ѹǰ
Ѱҵĳһͷ­С龧Ʈ˳硣
ͷ­С龧ɿһӡķģҲ֪Ȼ֮ǰ龧˶ٱ˽Զݣǿظ꣬ҲΪ龧ĳ֣Ϊ֮һͣâʢ
Ҳʱ׵ŵĻ۳гԶƵڵλԡ
Цһ󣬶ס·ֱֳ̽ǰץȥ
ˣ
ޱߣڱʮ
϶
캮Ԫ𶯣ǚi˿ץƳʯ߸ǰȥ
Ϊʱ򣬻߶סȥ·޷ӳڴ롣
¡һƷ飬ɽȺ֮С
ظţλð㣬һ˲Ϣǳԣ˾󡣶Ž׵ŵĻ۳ϺѰҵĳߣɫ䣬˿̲ƽʱǰͣͬһʵ㣬¶һɾâ
׵ŵĻ۳ɶųڷ
ͬһʱ䣬ѰҵĳҲɫĮ
׵ŵĻ۳϶ظƣǽĿϣһ˾ˣɱʮһˣ˵⻰׵ֵֶβ̣͸˿Ѫż׸ʯԴ򿪣ҲΪԼĶЩ
ʮǰϷǲϵɱѰҵţǺ˻ţǣѰң۸ˣѰҵĳϿǰһ죬ĵ׵ŵĵ˵Ĳ󱾾͸ѪʯҲĻмֵ
ڳλãظ죬νġվ˵ĻʵҲǸǿҶֵĽڣΪɱ˽׵ʮһˣΪɱѰҵźˣ˴˿̶֣׵źѰҡסֹǡ塱ľٶ
ģҪİ϶ˣͲ𣡡
ŭ
ͬʱ⣬ɨˡ
ظĮкΪҲɱǣŽ׵ŵĻ۳ϺѰҵĳߣظԳɱɱЩ£Ļ۳Ϻͳ߽һǿ
£ƺ̫ǿˡ
ȷʵնɱʮһˣֶ̫ˡ
̣ܲãΪ޵̳һħͷ𣿡
ɽУȺ󿪿ڡ
Щȫ˶΢΢ƶԼԻνظΧм䡣ЩΪɽĴ󱦲ضⷽʯȴȡеĶҲߣȻвʣ׵ǻߵĻǸЩһϣԻ˵Ѫ׼пƻʯϵķӡ
ңѰҵĳҲЩʱ֣ǡסֹڡ塱ѰɣͬʱҲǸѰҵĳӣ֮Щϵһ˫£ЩȻԥ
ȺҪĶ
ƺ˼ɵĴ
קȭͷɨǰЩˣǱ䡣
ǿԹһԣܲɱ
ظ
ӭŰ˸ͨɾǿߣظû˿η壬ԵøĮˡ
׵ŵĻ۳ߣƾһˣǰˣΪܹסΪܹסӣδ̫߿ԼҲ̫Сڳλˣ˵ţûԥŲһͨһչֱӳظѹȥ
ˣ㻤ˣ
ѰҵĳĮڣͷһͷ龧ѹǰ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƕ֣չֶΣѹȥ
һʱ䣬˹ɿµںһɫһʹɽߵ涼
˴ͨʿߣϢһܲ£ȲֻоԼµһֻʱпܱķ顣
ظͳһȣԻƻУӭսɱİˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵Ĵײظһаˣܻӳһӡչ֮ͨһʹƬɽҡεĸʯɽ߶¡
飡
ظɨɽ׵ŵĻߣԼҲһ˻Уһ
˺ǿ󣬵ǣǿҲͬʱˣҪ֪Ҳͨ۷ǿߣңѰǳϼͷ龧Ҳȷʵ£ΪҪǣظҪһ߱ƣһ˽棬ƺܲ
ӲǰˣǵסԼҲ
׵ŵĻ
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ƭɽڣ纣ӿײɽߵĵһѺۡ
ظĮϳ֣ȴơ
һ߱ƣһսȷʵѡ
𣡡
ž߹ʬ˹
ɽ棬ҴܣžߴʬȻֻš
һʱ䣬Ƭɽ߳׻ˣϢ֯һ¡¡
Ϊž߹ʬļ룬ظ״˲٣Ͼž߹ʬȫظ꣬޲𹥻һ˴ȥ˲鷳ʹظͷѹ˲١Ȼˣȴɳһ浹
Ⱥ϶Ҫܻţ֮һ׹ǣͨͨιȥ
ŭ
קȭͷҲǺâը䣬ʱظΪ˻ƣѾһЩˣȾЩѪʹɱ⣬ǵŽ׵ŵĻߺѰҵĳߣеɱǸŨء
ͻȻԴһۣǿ岻ɵúݺһ
ˣ
ʶУ΢΢ҡҷײǱ΢еϼ˳ϼ⣬ûдκεºͣͬˮȪһ㣬Զ
΢ʶе񽣣һԼˣ
оκϢûв׽ڵڶĽʱǵԻһеֻѭϼ⵴ķȥһʯڣ
ˣ
𣬸ϼʶڷӿˮƵңָʯ
һƺʾ⣬ȥʯǰ
䣡
Ƭռ𶯣Ϣӿ˾ʬսһƿֲˡ
˾ʬУ˿ظ״⣬Ͼ˸ͨǿ߶Χظ꣬ңظ껹óĻסơ£ظǳǿ󣬵ȴҲЩӦԣѾЩˡ
֧Ŷã
Ѱҵĳĵ
ɫĮһܹʬһ߳мظ깥ɱȥ
һʱ䣬ֲܺ붯ʹʯ𶯵ĸ
קȭͷоâ˸ظƴƣʱʱⴴպݺҧһӭǻʯȥ


555 
ͻĶȻظĻʯķȥط˽ԱɫֱӽеСʲô𣡡Ҫ֪ܿǳ˻Ĳͨͨǿ߶һܹ

ظͺȣֳ̧ץȥҪ
ͬһʱ䣬ǿĲɢ˶֣ظĴ𿪡
Ǻõܺã
Ѱҵĳȣֳ̧ץȥ
Ѱ·
׵ŵĻߣҲ֣ץ졣
˵Ժ䣬һվСʿȻҳȻԲС
ңǳʯķȥ
ߣ
ߣַŹ⣬̼գܵĿռ伸ȫˡ
𣡡
ͬһʱ䣬ž߹ʬ𣬳ȥ
ƺʯػߣ˿ʯֻŽ֮ɱ
˵ǧشˣ
طľ棬˲Ϣı䡣
䣡
𶯣֯¹ʣɽԻʥǿ
ظĻֱӱܵĻĿѪоʱпܱѹûκαһչȫ֧
ӭϢͨǿ߽һ
ʿȻɢôǿĲͨɳڵʿˡ
һʱ䣬а˵ӱ䣬ǻ۳ϺͳߣɱɭȻ
ɱ
ߺѹȥĴǿ

۳Ͽڣɱնȥ
ˣȻҲ飬Ƿܲһ㣬ţԼڣǳɳضһ鷳ɱѡ
һʱ䣬ɱͬʱѹȥ
Ǹң
ظ걩ŭ˵ľâֱӳһڱɨˡ
ڱȻһƷ
Ϊֻ
˳
һڱ֣ɹ⽻֯ɢżΪĵâ˿ı
Ȼ˺ܲ
һʯߴ𶯣סҡΡ
𣡡
ž߹ʬϢˣ˫նӾǱͬǴӵгһ㣬ǳƵȥʴ졣
ʮһ̼ͨ
ۣ
ڿѪͬ׷ɵСۣһԶʯԡ
죡
ɫ䣬ֱӳظĻʯλóȥ

ظһѽץأͷ𶯣һɿֲɱƵʮ
ɱֲˣͬǿ׹䡣
˶һҴ⣬⡣
䣡
ӿƬɽҡĸ
ڣһ̶Ĵ촫
ɽߵرѺۣͬ֩쿪ȥ󿦵һױ
ɭɭӵص׳ɽһƬڰ·һ޵׶

˱ɫʯˡ
ط˶ѹˣ޷Уȥɡ
Զ쿿ʯԣղųܿ񱩵һظΪж˴һǲ㽫ɱ˿ƤǰһƬģվûСԼ䣬ֻܿڳڳ߳ڽʲôֻľʹڲϴ
¡
ɽ߾һζʯס䡣
һԱߵĵرҲˣʯζ̮һ𳯵ص׹䡣
죡
ƴ𣬲ʯһеĳȥ
ظ̧֣Իһֻ֣ԽƳ׹ץȥ
ߣ
һ
׵ŵĳϳ֣ɹ⣬һƣһظץĴ֡˸Ĺ⣬ʯ׹䣬Ѿûа취ȴ뿴챻ȣ˿̳ظ꣬ͬʱƷɢľ
ظĴѾҪץס죬Ϊ۳ϣȴǺʧ֮ۡ
ޱߺڰ˲Ϣʯһû
϶
ŭദʱ䲻˵ĹϵȴǷǳãԭԱأȴΪ׵ߵδܹɣ۾ˡ
ظһƵɱ⣬ƾأͬʱ˳ɽߵλãʱӰȻʧѾˡ˳ʯߣƷ£һɾκֱѹ׵ŵĻߣʱ䣬ķռҡΣ졣
һظɱסˣ㡭
ظ㣬ɱ纣֮⣬ûߡ
񱩵Ϣһϯ
ǰɽ̮߳

ڰһУܣֲָ
оʹʹԺǰʲôҲ
ֻܸоԼ׹кķ죬ǳ䡣
ʶЩģȴҲ֪˿̷ʲôɽ̮ˣڳŵص׹䡣ƴһҪӦ֮ߣϧȴָѡ
䣬壬䡣
ǣʵʵڳƽ
ˣ
ʱʶУϼһĨĨʶ΢΢ӿ
ϼ⣬û壬ҲûκֻȪһ͡
ҲʱһĨںڰ
ԣһ׹ʯһطԾǧ˸գۼ۳һͷ֪Σʯ֮ϣβԶͷ죬˶Уһׯغѹ
һƤס
໣
Լ䣬һʶ𣬾춯أʶˡ
ڰУſڣ͵Ľ˽ȥ
СǴ壬ûʯ֮ڡ
ܣɺܺڰ
ʯ׹䡣
Ƥ屻صʯУ˿һƬޱȹ磬ȥܣķԾͬһСʡЩͬСķģ΢΢һַģѰǻ龧ϼȴԶԶȻ龧ϵķ財
𺳣˵ķһСô龧ϵЩģͷ·һ򾡣˵ϵķͬһСôķģɳǣһͷͷʣ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ܣԾ˶
ȥƬռҲ֪ŶķģÿһĶһ㣬ȴԲͬŲͬĹڽ֯Щģͬ쳹ڶϣЩģ붯û
üڷ⣬ͬһţеķȫʵӿȥ
䣡
תۼ䣬еķȫӿ뵽ʶڣ鲼ʶеÿһ䡣
â˸ʶҡҷ
ӿƬʶķ̫ˣɢŨĹâٳ۶ȥ۳һͷɳʶĲǿµƬʶڷڣһκ˳ʶƺҪ顣
ֻоͷ­ڴҵʹͬһʱ䣬һɻɬĸоУʹĶʶͷ


556 ᾡش
˶סˣһһ˼ʶ񷡣
ɳڿգʹ鶼Ų



ظ֮ǰᵽһλڣ
໣
ʶ˶ͷ죬һ˫޴ϡ
һ̣͵һ飬»ܼķġ


ǧԾͬһС֯һֵ̣ⷽʶзš
ֻоһͷ­ڣʹһһϮ
ˣ
âܣ䣬һǰ֣һɽһĳ죬һ޳Ӱ߹Ƭأú߽һƬɽߣ¡
ʱһš
޳Ӱ֪˶ãֱ£ջһߵĴʯ͸ʯܹڲ޳Ӱһܣʯ鲢󣬵ڲȴ·ԳһƬ嫿ռ䡣
޳ӰɽΨԾΧ޳Ӱϣɳָǲ֪Σ޴ˡȻ춢Ȼ棬ȴǾã޳ӰôСֻɳһ㡣
ʱţһΣֲ֪ȥ˶꣬޳Ӱ˫ۣվ
âϣ޳Ӱͬһʯڿԭۻϵɳγʯ飬ȴǲûб飬ɴԭأڲǧҲԾΪʱӡСʯ飬һߵʯ
޳Ӱʯ΢̧ƺҪ֮飬ȴǷ֣ƫͷȥʹʱһһ˫ǿյӣֻʶеĻ棬͸棬ȴǾãе޳Ӱڿ
һ˲䣬ֻоˡ
ôֱֱĶʶĻ棬˫ĿɵֱֱĶǰ
У޳ӰģԿ壬ֻһ˫䵽ӣ쿴޳ӰƺЦˣЦĸĪ⣬ֻ¶һڸɾݣǧɽᾡشơֻΪ֤
ʵĻصʶУǧԾڻãַ·ڰ
ݺһĶǰ
ˡ
Уɽڣ޳ӰЦһǧɽ˲Ϣʧ
ͣ
ʹ˱飬ǵĹâƮɢʶС
񣬶߲ϻص޳ӰĻǧɽᾡشơֻΪ֤ǰһ޵еһǧɽƿ֮УҲԵסȥ·һĻԻͣһ䣬ȴ˵ıԻ޵еһҲֻ֮ǰ˰ܡ
𣡡
ȴ˸貵Ĺԡ
ֻǿһ򵥻棬ȴܹоһεΰˡǧɽᾡشƣǺεӢ۹Ž֮˭˵ĻҲΨһˣһԻͣһ޵У
ᾡشƣ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ƺо飬ʶǧԾ𶯣ҫ۵Ĺ⡣
֪Լʲôط޾¹ȥΪĹϵʯγʯڲԳһƬռ䣬ڣʯڲ˿ʶƮŵϴʮĴ桭
һޱƽ
ɿشƵ
˫ۣеȫʶУʶе
һƬͬһС㣬ʶĿһһ
ˣ
һâ˸ǧ⣬ǵ㡣
Щ֣ÿһ·𶼽֯һִƣӡһֵӡޱߣӵĪܡʯڵĿռ䣬˫ۣ˫̧𣬻нĻһƵѤùڸֶ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽԻԼоͷԻơ
ǧɽᾡشƣ

˫ֻʶڣǧԾҫ۵Ĺ⡣ЩһСʶÿһ䡣
Щ·һַ·һڵЯĳĻѪ⣬ӿ뵽֫࣬ӿ뵽ĻԪӿ뵽澭Ϊһ塣
䣡
һǿϢڳƵʯڣصΪһ
û⣬˫нĻʶסȫ֯ÿһö֮ϣϵĵεΡЩɣһһʹϴԵøЩ·ЩԼ㡣
໣
ڣ𶯣ø
ģĴӾͷӵʮͷʮͷӵʮͷʮͷԻϣÿһͷ֯ǿᵽĲ·Ǿʮͷ˵еߣ˳еĸ߲ʡ
һ̣ȴУĬĬУң
ʱ䣬š
ںڰУʯ׹䣬һڵصף׹һƬɫС
һУûκθ֪ʱ˾ȫڡ
ǧ֯ڣǰζ
ϥʯڣ˫ֻһܣϢøǿ
Ѫ֮Уһööڷ⣬ͬСͬһС̫ʶе֮ҡҷһڰɫ֮⡣
໣
ʮͷػࡣ
ϥʯУĬĬУоʣо룬ԴһУŵĵ̣˶뵽˿֮С
תۣһ¹ȥ
䣡
һºڳǿϢ˫ۣ֮һš
۷壡

ȭͷо˸ǿ
໣
˻쳹ʮ
ľʮͷ뻯⣬ܳȥ

һ죬оʲôƿˣ
ʮͷûʧĹܣ˿̴ɽߵĵص׿ռ䣬ʯʮͷ飬ƬɢܡһʮͷٴתأΧһȦڣתۼʧ
ص׿ռ䣬΢䣬һƬ
ڰУ֣һųҵĻģٴν
̧ͷͷ΢ŵ֣建ڿգ϶ȥ
ɽ۸ӣƣѹǧʿ޷նУȴѹˡƿһµУѾһˮ׼طʿе޷
ãڵɽ߶Խնպ̮ɽߡ
֣ɢڰ
˿ֵ̣ʱ֡
⣬Υˡ

ܴεУǴ¹ȥ˶ãԸоó


557 նɱ
Ӳ£ڵϣȥһǰ˿̣ɽԵưܲԵĴ򶷺ۼһܼңڲԶһ̯ѪѾˣƺǸط
ɨһûͣʱ·ȥ
նУȴǲûͽأ߹Ƭɽ䣬Ը֪ƬɽĴơƿƬɽ䣬һرĸܣƬɽȺǳ򵥣һֿµĵƣԻ֮أص޾ɷܾˡ
ƬɵУͨ۷ǿߴһЩطҲ˲
ŵе֣һԶ
ƣΪܼһ磬ֻƿչ
ɫƽҲƽ߳Զǰһɫʯ鱻飬ͨǿߵĺ˲𣬳˫Ȳƶȥһ̣ŵһ˵ĺɫɲǼɢֻ͵һ졣
ãǰһƬ֣Ũ֯ڿС
Ƭ֮ص֮صϢɷ棬Щطأݲصſɸʴһеɷ֮ñʼƬɽʱɱ׷ɱƵʮ˵ƬڡеĵطǳñƬɳأñƬ֣ƬطУ޾
粽Ƭּ䣬ӺƽɫҶƮڿУڽűߡ
ɫƽͣܿ콫Ƭ߳һ롣
үүȷʵĺõطһʱ䣬ҵǿ˲٣
ȻЩԽʱ䲢ࡣɽãٵƬɽһͬǿĻôˡ
ǰ
һߺһ괦ǰһ£ϥţɫԵú£һöö˸ǾǳߣǱ˫վԱߣָȻѰҵˡ
ԶԶļˣǲɵ΢
һº󣬻ǣʵ̫ˡ
Ц
ƽǰȥ
ЩϤߺͻƫͷʱһ
㣡
㣡
һһͬĵ
㻹ţ
겻˼Ķ죬ɽڵȥƺһ޵׶Ȼ˳ңһȵǣΪǿ󣬿ɷȴǸ˿쿪˵ȫֲˡ
Ƕţôȥ
쵭
һ·Ƭɽ䣬ÿһ¶ϢҪ˵ͨصˣͨ۷ǿߣȥɨӣҲѷֵ
Ųͣһȥ
վ
ϷȻܣ޼ɵǰ˵ǹܴ󣬻˵㲻֪νߣ漴뵽һ£ʵʯߵײǷʯأôˣУģᵽʯѰҵĳһھâʯǷǳĲ򵥡
лشҸ˵ǰ׳أǰ׳أǰ׳أ
˵
ڳߺͻǰͣ£ɫƽͣΨԵĮ
ߵɫʱ˵ţֱӿǰһһɰӿɱΣǿ߶ʯҲǰʣϷһˡδǶһЩϧίʵЩſԭ򣬼סǫѷһЩ
үүȵȣ꿪ڣ˵ɱһССվϣүү֣ɣҲһʮǰĳ衣
߶½Ųͷáʿԣ˰ܼħ˿죬ɻȡǺܺõѡ
лүү䣬ٴ죬Įһָ߰ʮǰʤңȻҲãҲһ˿һĻᣬһ˲䣡ֻһ˲䣬һ˲Ĩ
˵һǰһͷС龧Ϣ硣
һĻĬĬͷ¶Щ֮ɫһµʱ䣬Խ̵Уɹȷʵһǰ껹ֻ̻ܿȭͷС龧ȴԿӡͷС龧ˣܻ죬ӡȥôȶĨɱһͨǿߣȷʵ㹻ˡ
ɣ
ȵһ絽ǰ龧Ż֮ѹ¡
һ𶯣ƬƬŤ
΢̧һƬ˸ѹڳ龧ϡ
ʱ龧ͣԭҪըĻ˿ȴǱǿѹȥ
㡭
ɫеơ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƕݣ֣¶˼ı顣УȻƮҿȥЩô貣һͷͷСС㣬ɢϢޱȵĴƺƿصҪǿ
ǴЦȴ΢ԵЩ䵭㡣ѹڳ龧ϣָ龧ʱһ𣬳ŻƮȥ
ʱ䣬ɫ䣬龧˿̾ȻɱԼ
ĨɱͨǿߵĻﰡ
ⲻɡ
䣡
ֻ³֣ͷ龧ǺըǿֲĻƵһƬռ䶼ˣ£ʣ
̳˸ֱȥŽɢȥ
ԭأһӡ
ͷۣûʲô仯ɺܵȻǰĳߡ
־ŭ쾹ȻƿȻɱһһţ
һ̣ͻأһ죬ŭ֮ɫʧȡ֮ǾϲЩϷһЩżвƬɽ䣬λ㡭ѵõλУõ˴˵е죬ⳤޱȼʯһʯ㿪ʯõԲԣǲ
΢΢˫ۣһĹ⡣
ѰƬɽ䣬֪ʲô
ı飬֪߱ԼĲ²ûʱø񣺡̫ˣ̫ˣ̵һʱֵãֵðû뵽Ȼҵȵ㣬ɱ㣬ϷܵõѰңδɸ򣬲ʮ򣡡
һ̣ȴԼĺ˱ɱǰûһ˿һķŭȫԼ̵Уͣһʱ䡣Ϊȵ죬ȵһƿ졣
䣡
˵߼ЦֱֱĶ졣
һ˲䣬ʮͷС龧ƮÿһɢĻϢȻ龧ǿʮۺһǵȻ֮˾㤣ֱӱǽķոˣ渡ֳһ޴ѷ졣


558 ɽ޵
ʮͷС龧һ̣û˿ϻ龧ȫ˵Ĳƻգ˵ر˷·ȫסˣһӶݵĻᣬҲһ㷴ͻĻᡣ
һҲ
ߴЦЦĺܼЦЩ
䣡
ˣʮ龧𶯣һƬƬܣ硣
طһɹ쫷磬ϯʮ
ǰĺڷĿ趯죬ȴԵһƬĮ
ŶĳߣӭǵȻԵĲû˿ɵϷ¶Ц⣬ȴЦЩ̣ͬǿСһ㿴Ŷĳߡ
ڵϺݺһ𣬶ʱ䣬𶯣ܳ
໣
쳹ʮͷÿһͷʮɳߡ
ͷɫӴأӳߣ˫޴źպϡ
һʱ䣬Źʵɢѹ³ڵʮ龧ĻڣͬЩ
ϵļͷ糱ˮȥһɻ֣̿㣬⡭
ͷգƵŵ̫ڿˣǴ˵еԻ˰㡣
鵭Įͷ֮ͬʰ㸩ӶĳߣȻ³ƿƬɽɱң
죬볤̫һٸڵ˶ǳߵĶ֣ڱĵطֻбѹնɱķݡȴǲһվɽڣƬɽΪ֮ײ֯ܺɷ˿̣ʩչǱƬµܸǣͷܣֱѹ˳ϵơ
㣬ǣƬɽµ棬һɡɽشƶս㣬Ѿﵽһôô죡
߲̲סһ
ͷǵȺ嫺ϣо˷ս
ɫĮ󣬾ͷٴ
һµĿޣܼʦһ¶ԣش
໣
Ȼ䣬ͷ£볯ųûȥ
ɫ䣬ʮͷС龧žͷӭȥ
ϧȴǲûʲôá
ͷƬµܣǰ֮ˣʮͷС龧ȣ̫ˣֻһ˲ѣʮͷС龧ͷ£Ѱҵĳû

ŭ𣬽⣬ͨչͷಫ
鵭ĮֻǵĿǰ
໣
ʮͷƣһδιߣƿռ䣬ء
̶Ƭ̣ͨ۷ĳ߱Ǳһֱ۲
ŭɨһֱۣӳԶȥطƿ켸ڲ֮أΪܳܶ࣬ǣɽµȴǸǶ֣һС
ӵ𣡡

ڵһ̤һоͷųѹȥ
ʮͷһ𣬿ֲ˫ܡ
㡭
䣡
ޱ飬ʮͷ븩¡
߾ɣΪ߶ޣʩչǿͨǿӭȥ
ֻǣûʲôãǿͨǿһ˲㱻ˡ
ס֣ҡ
ۣ
ʮͷ£ֱӽѹķ顣
ѪƮڿУ쵭Įɨۣʮͷɢȥ
ûзУͽС
ܿ죬ʱȥһƬɳǰ
ΪƿƬɽУ·ƽذ㣬֮ǰʮ߹ľ룬ڣֻʱɳǰһųУԪ֮˸̽ѰƬɳأúץһȭͷ龧
䣡
ǰˮ˷ӿɷˣһͷԳ˳
ԵӴ󣬶ֱӴпµɷڹ⳯
ƽŵ׼˸Ƭɹ𣬽Եڹ⵲˻ȥ
ų棬ȫ˺ԣһץһͷ龧
𣡡
ͫѪˣʱоκ˳𣬳ѹȥʱ򣬺˳ǰ࣬ʮǰӵˡ
¡
ʮɸߣںɷˡ
̧ͷŵƱܼһʱɳش
¡һͷĴɳصײ𣬱Ծľκˣ󣬾ͷϣתۼ佫ԲŸ˶ͷźԣʹͷ׿ĺԲɵһͫеѪɢȥ¶Щı顣
̧֣ͷɢǿĲ˫۶źԣơ
һ̣˶٣վǷȥ
ԣһ˿Ѫɳ޺һѪգɻƵѰѵáǰĺԣҲɱ㣬ҵĻԺҪ޹ʵĲɱ飬ܶͷ
ǰ͵һ˶ͷæµ㶯
á
˾䣬źԵľͷ飬ɢ
û˵ʲô󵭵˺һۣת뿪
ú߳ɳغԶǰվһӰ飬ɫЩ԰ףԵüΪն֮ǰһͷҹ˺ǹа顣һΣߵûƿĿ⣬ͣ½ŲǰǵӰ
Ӱ΢̧ͷ­һɿֲ˲ɢһӰ
ۣŵ˸ͬˮưɢȥ
ǰĹӰһֱֹȥһڹʧ
û͸
ҡͷת뿪ط
ͽУûȥãйһɽۣԭͷҹ棬ȴǲˣڵϣۡȻɽǿ߲٣˱Ӱ˺ҹ⣬ͷҹҲɱˡ
ûжƽһɣȥǰɽǱѪˮȾֱúڰ˰㣬ԵЩˣȥͨ·ԵЩ᫣·һ߾ʬⲻ棬رϻѪ
ɫƽŲѪ·ȥ
ɣ
ԶһɫϣֻϢѻɫͫųǵٶȷǳ죬һ˵⣬ֻգۼǰͬڵ֮У˺ҧȥ
ֹסŲر𶯣ɫĹ˲佫ֻɫѻ֡
ɣ
ֻѻУͷƤ顣
ûʲô飬̧ȳȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
סֻɫѻĹ𶯣ֱӽֻѻѹķ顣
ʮǰЩѻֻܱˣƿȴɱǡ֮ûͬǰ⼸ֻѻ飬Ϊ⼸ֻѻûκһ˿ǣֻǳʳɱ¾ѣĶûбҪ


559 ʮ
ɱֻѻûаƽɫƽĳȥ
ŵףһƹ˸ÿ߳һƽ֯ûɽصס
֮治һ㡣

˿ѾߵɽΧشλúԶɵص׳ŵɷȴŨľˣɷ۶ɣԸʴ
в죬ȴûʲô仯ԵúƽһԶȥ
ֹȥʱ߳ɽ䣬ɨһɽת뿪
ã߳ɽԶ
ʱǰнŲԵúܼ١
ֹסŲǰȥʱݣһһŮ߶ŮǰƯԼ仹ۣҲɫȻѿ
ѩҹơ
һ㶡ˣɵֹסŲվԭء
ǰŮܵĺܿ죬һȴסˣԶԶһϤӰ
΢һŮ˹ȥͬñ˵ĺӰ㣬졣
ţ
ŮűӣԴؿڣСʡ
һǰɽڣɽ̮ڲշе£׹صףǱɡظƻص𻯵ţЩ£ȻŮʱŮһˣΨһˡ
ƴɽ䣬ΪУֻܳ˿ķ˽ӽһʱŸϵطһÿᣬ;ҲûôϢҪɽ䣬ȴǿӭŮܵ˹ȥ죬£ʣ죬ûţ
ȻҲ죬ֱӵɴ˫ۣ˵Сӣ⡭˻ǹһǰۿƬ޵Ԩ˵Ҳܷе£ʱûлȥĿܣȴǺö˶˵վǰ
û
΢Ц
ˣҲܲ³Щʲô΢Щж
ôܣȻû
ƾȡ
϶ʱðߣһ᲻˵ͲԼôģ
ٴһŮ΢Щҵ㷢οޡ
Ůɫ㲣ͷ¶һĨЦ
߹СӣʱСѩҹ͸˰ÿϴ档
컹ţȻҲǷǳˡ
΢΢һЦԴԪΪŮ̾񣬺ܿ죬Ůɫ˲١
߰ɣȥ
Ц
ƵͷûôģΪǲҪ컹ţҪ¡
Ů˳ȥ
ˣҵƬص׺ַЩʲô
졣
ƱЩߣʱҺظǰԭܳɹģؼʱȴǱ׵˵һԨظǰŭ˵Χ£׵˵նɽ⣬Ҳ˲ˣò뿪ɽ䡣
ԣ˵ͷ̮ɽ߳ʱ򣬷ɽżҴսĺۼһһ̯ɿѪʱ²ǸطƵĻȻ׹µص׺ظսˣն˽׵ǻ۳ϣ̯ѪǽŵǸ¡
һȣλظ꣬иǸмλ굱
ȻҲһܸмдижһǰʱȻˣҰģһЩ»Ǽǵõģɽ̮ʱһеĳƴ壬ԺءȻûж˵ʲôлĻֻǽĬĬļС
ºͣʱ˳Զɽ䣬ڸС
ΪŮղλԶԣط𻯵ţȻҲֻܳС
;УΪôУ;ͣͣǺķһʱ䡣
һ죬ǿ𻯵š
ʱ䰡
Ц
һ㣬γȥٻ±ǹȥˡ
£ֵ̫ˣ
ص𻯵źƱ뿪ԼĵطŮصסȥ𻯵ŵظ걨ƽ˶ʵںܲͦ໤Ϊ׵ŵĳ϶նˣʹǳء
컹ţظܾȣȻҲܸˣ
ǵͷǣ˰ʱ뿪
ٴλصסʱѾǻƻʱ֡
ŮЩˣ򵥿ɿڣùʰǽŮмУڳΪ̵Ůʹõĵط
뿪ʱ䣬ûзʲô°ɣ𻯵ŵɻϰߣ
Ů
ûʲô£ϰߵġ
Ůͷ
һЦûٶʣһΣʯȡһȭͷС龧
ŮѾﵽ죬׼龧Ů
Ϊ㻤龧Ρ
Ů
ŮͷĽ龧˫ּ䣬תļ
âԻŨ龧֯ܣŮ䡣
ڵһʱһ·ػСϦУ̵Ϧһʱ䣬ٽ̵ŮУȻǸӼ򵥡ԼȥһʱһɸǿϢŮڳ龧ļӳ֣Ůɵһᣬ
̾硣
˵
Ů棬ָ㣬
վһߣֱŮϢȶ뿪ӣصԼķ˿ŮǳȹһصΪҿʼһεţϾŮ壬屾оǿ츳
صӣһҲϥ¡
ˣ
ļתڵԪнѭÿһ䡣
ܿ죬ľ۷״̬
â䵭³һ˫ۣһ˸
˸һֺ嫣֯ܡ
ӵײӶȥתۼû֮¡һƬڰԽڰһֱ죬ʱͻȻޱȹ
ʶһ𣬼ܵĻ棬ʱ΢ȥʮйɵĽ֯ÿһǧңֱʮɴ֣˵˼㡣
ǣ
쾪ȡ
һμ𶯣ʵ̫ˣǵŨˣ
ƣɨƬصףʮ֯ţʮȣЩȴͬһ㣬Ե÷ǳС
Ϊʮ֮һ

˶٣ԥоâ˸ǣصȴʧˣ޷ʮڣһЩ޷ǣкǿܣסʮ
̫ˡ
Գ
󴫳дֶסŵֹй񾡹ƿشƣҪڱ˵ǣŵ֮ȻܣΪﵽһĸ߶ȣǲп


560 һĵ
΢΢ҡҡͷ콫ƴ𻯵ŵص𣬲̽Ѱŵ
һ±ĬĬ
ɽǷɽһµʱ䣬ȻУȴֻѧⲿž΢һǶѣƿȫʮǧʱϥԼķУĸⲿžΪ֮ݣ¶ɫ
мصĶ̫ˡ
ƾ

ƾŵͨҲ˵ǾĪ⣬ǿĺˡ
ۡ
һ
ۣмصһһ޳˫ۣɿؼһУһƬЩж٣һ۱ɿң˫۾Կ磬ؼЩǿı仯֮ԸıݣԻʶȴǿԣһЩĵطʶܵѹƣȴѱѹƣԿ
ң޳ۣսž֮Կ͸ͨıʣ˫Ԥ⵽ֵһӶǰӦǳˡ
ǿ
𺳡
ۣͷһ޳ۣսȻ
Ȼǿ󣬵Ѷȴܴϸϸ򣬷Ҫ޳ɲʹ˫ۣûоǿΪΪΣÿȥκ޳ɵĿԣǿ⵽ɡ
ҡҡͷһ¿ȥһԽԽȣΪⲿžڣصĶ̫ˣƾۣ漰һ;һش֮󣬿һС
ⲿдһҲ⣬ڻ羳۷εǵȸڶԣνȣʵʩչĳǵȲεˣֱ̧ܲһھɱһ¯һնһ⣬ֻͬһܴѡ
ͺñȣȻ漰Ϻ;Ŵ֮һȣȴǲ࣬ȣȴҪ࣬ͬնʮľλֶͨ죬ѹиó㣬ǣؼǼԣܹʩչĳ

ֻ³ô֡
ķʱɨžֱȥʮ±ƽ

³һ˫ۣ
һƬƬƮܣ΢΢ԾͬһͷͷС
ܿ죬һҹȥ
һҹУƿһ˿Ȼֻһ˿ѡ
ʱ߳䣬ӭųϼɣнչ֫
ΪѾǿˣϰȴһֱš
˴һ֮Ů糿ķˡ
ȥȰɡ
ߣŮ˵
š
ŮȻǹɵͷ
ʱķ˺ܿúãŮʰ˱ȥѰһʯңͶһЩżε޺˺󣬱ǺŮ
Լպ߳ȣصŵס
ӣǼ򵥵ĶȹһϢС
˵ǳ
оˡ
ʱ䲻֪ţ»ص𻯵ţһ۱Ǵ¹ȥ

һգһ𻯵ŵ䳡ȴԵ÷ǳ֣ΧˣƽռʮһУֻΪ̨ϵһˡŽ
𻯵ڵӶԣֻ֣
Žʮ𻯵ţΪ𻯵һͨŵӣ󼰵ٶһ·ڿţ߸ºɾ洫һﵽ洫ӵһ𻯵ţŵ϶
ʱ˳أΪŽ֮ΪӣԽ̵ŽҲûλʧλϵĽ̵Ϊͻͽúͻ洫Уĵӵĸ̨֮ϡ
ڿĵӲκսһ·Իͣǰ̤Ϻĵӵһı𻯵ӣӿֲ٣ȴܹĵӵһλսϣȻŵһЩ϶ԶԶǶ֡
˿̣䳡̨ϣŽһսȭƴ󿪴ϡ
͹Žս꣬ʵҲǿȻ𻯵ŵڶĵӣʯ־
䣡
ǿƽ֯˾ȣ붢ǰ
ڶĵӺ͵һĵӴսȶԾǺټȻӡ
ܿ죬ʮȥһһӰɨ̨ʯ־
ʯ־ʮ꣬ͨɵڶأ˿ǴѪ̨վ̨ϵӰεԭΪʱãĲЩȴ뵹Ǹˡ޽ұѾǶ֣ǡ
ȷʵǰǿˣαչ£øǿ˶ѡ
ŽĮ
ʯ־ҡͷֻһΡŽʮ꣬Сһ꣬Ǵͨɵڶ죬սȴͨͨɵڶʿǿ̫࣬ԶǶ֡
ܣȺ𶯡
̫ǿˣ
ڶĵӵʯ־ȻȻڰڱ㱻̨ңŽʹã޽ýȻǿ⡭
֮𻯵ŵһӣ
һ𻯵ŵʥӣǹŽĪˣ
Ӧòд
Ž̫ǿˣսڶĵӣȻʹãڰڱǽ֮ɨ̨Ǻεȵս𻯵ڵӣ˭ܵеù
ҲһˣǰŲһŵǸˣɾͽھźĵǧնˣʱŲƶһ£սҲǿĿ£ܹʤŽҲ˵
С
˵ǳСһֻΧڵǣʮ̨ϵĹŽȴ৵˹ȥһ˲Ǵ̨ʧһ̳˵ǰһŽ߷ڵأĸˡ
˵𻯵ŵĵУʤңǽ죿ϸҵ
ŵڵϵˣŽԵüΪˣһޱɭĸо
ԱߣȺæˣҳһڡ
ŽһĵӣأΪԵһԲϱ֣ټϸͽݣ𻯵еӶη壬ʱŽ֣ܵ𻯵ŵҲˣ¸Լʲô鷳
˵
ŵڵϵˣŽһڶԷؿڡ
ڵϵ˿ӿѪȴǲκһ˿½Լ֪Ĺȫ˳
ɱǧꣿŲƶ˼ҵҪܽҼУ
ЦһŽת䳡ȥ

ʱʱ֣û𻯵ڣϢȻиûûҹҲȻһ£֮һЩʵϢͷɣ֮УŸõЧ洦
Сӣɽ߳ôú֮ǰЩһˣ
ƺĶ죬Щӣо϶һصϢ
ø˧ˡ
쿪Ц
ԭͺȥɽûκιϵˣӦǺҴ˵ԭ򡣡̾Ϣһֱ֪Լ˧ȴҲû뵽˧ȻҲܴȾ
죺
˵̫Ҫˣ
бһۣƽǰȥ
ʱǰвԵЩΪ׵һ䡣
Ž
΢΢ü


561 ȥ
ȺԽԽܿߵǰɿ⣬ָָ㡣
٣졣
ŽԱߣһָΪۣ𻯵ŵ洫ӣ洫ӼҲǷǳǿ洫ǰУΪŽ׷ߡ
üЩˣǳ
ۣʲô˼
Ƶ
ɨƣû˵ʲô
ԱߣŽǰһǳ񣬾Ӹµı죺ŵ죬˵ɱǧǷпʤңҾã˼
⻰һ˽ԾǧǷ⻰Ҳ͹Žʸ˵ɡ
Щһ룬ǽǧ͹ŽȣǣǧȷʵƵǷ
ΪŽǿ󣡺ǿ
ԵúƽֻǵŹŽ뿴Էôһ˼
ŽЦ䳡һս뿴ƿʤҵˣܵסҼУ
죬Ž˫֣ۻѲ¡
սʶ𣿡
쿪ڡ
Žӱˣ㲻ʶ𣡡
첻ɵһЦԵЩ棺죿ǵأΪʲôʶ㣿
ܣȺʱһͣ˼Ķ죬һڳŽ
ҶԹ񣡡
ɫһǰһĶ졣
Ʒ̣ۣ⹷ò˵ʱòҪ졣
˫Ŀһƣңú洫һλþ͵
죡Žȣ۵Ļ˵Ĳ˵ʱ죡
ɫһͣɵúһ˵ʲô
Ŷūž͵ūŵ
ƴЦ
۵ɫޱ࣬Ķơ
Žɨƣ죬絶㡣ȡһŰֽдһս֣͵ĲǰĵڣǧǷһս;ʮգұʱ׼º䳡һս
˵꣬ɨ죬Žֱתźĵסȥ
ɭĶƣŹŽ뿪ܿʧʮһתǴ
ǸŽȻҪҪս
ܻˣ˶ݣһ֮ɫ
˶죬ǲޱȡ
ƲƲ죬Сӣ鷳ˣһ鷳
ң
б
̯̯֣ŽʮˣĵӵһˣΪͨɵڶأʦŵһϣܺĵӵһ˵һ𻯵ʥӣӦǷĪˣûܹ档
Ƽ򵥸¹Ž
ƫͷʲôϵ
ȷʵûʲôϵҡͷŵµս飺սأǲս
㿴׳𣿡
ơ
һʶɵսȥս
񡣡ҡͷҾãŽ񣬲˼Ǹʵİ׳ա
ʵ񣬽޷ڸǰ׳ձʡ
쵭
䣬ǰȥ֪⻹⣬ɽսȵķ顣
ʼ磬ûж˵ʲôҲȥ
һ죬ŶУ߹طУһһŵĴƣȻֻѣûʲôĿġ֮󣬻ƻʱźƸ𣬻صסСԺ
ܿ죬ɫ
ʱ֣ĬĬܣá
һҹܿȥ
գӭų֮һѩҹŵȡ
УһϢܹɡ
պ뿪
ΪѩҹһʯңԼʯңȻͿѩҹԱߡ
߽ʯң콫ļתλƣĬĬС
ܿ죬չȥ
вãӦܿˡ
߳ʯҡ
ѩҹһ𣬻صסϢһպ󣬱ٴǰС
ܿ죬չȥ

һ죬䳡ٴαΧӰ
ȥ̨ϣһ긺ϣ䣬ǹŽ
һʮչȥһ죬ǹŽ䳡Ծӡ
ŵ䳡ʮǰ˸࣬һֻΪŽҪһսˣһǵһĵӣһڲǰԾնǧ꣬ŲƶҪԾȻע
Ȼնǧ꣬λĶ֣߿ˡ
̨˵ǵڶĵӣʯ־
ˣ۾ݲðɳӡŽЦ߿ˣֻ뵱ڽϵһЩ˿𻯵ڣǷʤҡ
̨ܣ𻯵ŵԶһŽðԵöԩ޳ֻǱ˵һʤŽҪ쵱ڸϵȻЩҲֻһ룬˵򲻸ҵġ
ʱһһĹȥܿǵʱ֡
Ž̨ϣѾʱ죬ȴû
ʹùŽ˫֣ԼɭĽâ˸
ӦǾսɡ
ʯ־ҡͷ˵
սҲս
Ž
ܿ죬ʱȥб䣬Ѿǻƻʱ֡
̨ܣҪǧԾʱһ
ʱһԶڹŽߣǹŽ׷ߣ洫ۣ٣סԺӣƣƺƬ̣۵ɫ΢Щÿ˵ƺûд
۵С̨ܣˣʱһ˼顣ŽԿڣݳս飬䳡һսȴƺȫ˹Žڱþһ죬ȻеԼԺڴ
ڴŽ

ŽһĨɫһ˵ĺɢֱӳסȥ
⡭
һƺ뵽Ҫʲô˶æȥ

סԺڵһʯϣطº͡һϢʱ䣬ûȥдԡ⣬Եúܰꡣ
ȾգѪȶ۷壬ȻɽõǿͷС龧Ӧñܿ졣

ССһٴţƽ죬ͷ΢΢ۡ
ºͣӭСҲһܣٱɶˡ
ʱǰ¡ʹü˫ۡ
ȥȺط߹ǰһˣȻǹŽ
лһĨâʯϣֻǵĮĶǰ
ܿ죬ȺŽԺ
ս㾹Ҳȥ
죬ŽɭȻȥ䳡һս쾹Ļ
ʯϣĶŹŽȥ
Žɫһ㣬ҹ
һһɼΪֲĽƵŴ̹ɱ˽Բ


562 
Žչ¶⣬˷·һ񽣣ŵĽ
ӭϢ˺ˣһȻ
Ƚ̫ˣ·˺һС
ʯϣԵñ䣺˵һΣȥ̣ϣ
ŽǱ壬Ȼѹ졣

һ죬µʯֱӱ顣
˵һߣȵĲڵϣŹŽӳ
䣡
̼䣬ƬСԺ𶯣ʮŤһɱ졣
ǣ
Ƕսǧƣ
ҲУ
Ժ⣬˱ɫ
Žˣ⽣ǿ죺ϣʲô
ﬣ
ۣ
ɱ罣𶯣ڹŽϣֱӽŽѪɡ
㡭
ۣ
һӲ£ֱĽŽȹᴩѪˮڿС
⣿
Žˣ
ȱᴩ
Ժ⣬˽𺳡
ڶĵʯ־¶ݣԱߣ۸ɫ䡣
ŽȻ˵ˣ
ǣת۾ͱˣ
䣡
ӿֲĽ𣬹ŽɫҰһ㶢졣
죡㡭
ۣ
ʮŽĽƣһν֮ɨɡ
Įǰ뿪𻯵СԺܿӡɱ󣬴˿ֱ̣ӿɱ󣬶ʱ䣬ɱ磬𶯲񷡣֮һɱҲ򿪣˵ɱ𶯣鲼ϰ˻ġ
һ̣СԺУͬһ㡣

Ž񱩵ɱ⽻֯
죬Ȼ˵
ֻеķ
ĵ
ʱĹŽɫޱ죬ȻǷ
˵ʲô
죬Žɢ׿Ϣһͷް㡣
ȥ

һһɰɱƵһŽʮԶ
Զһʯ飬ŽȾѪ鿪ˣǱ˼㡣
٣
ۿ첽ܹȥһȻ
ǿĹŽ𻯵ŵһǿĵӣȻתۼ䱻˳ӡ
ܣʿ񡣹ŽǿưԵȥ䳡һսֱӽ֮ӣǰӶʹùŽŭֱӴ䳡ƵסҪ֣ɽȴԼתۼ䱻ɨɳСԺشһѪĵԶ𻯵ڶ뵹
˶վԺ죬ǲһˡÿ£
Զǿڶĵʯ־סˣǾɫ
죡
ԶŽվȾѪɫˣĶ졣
жһƺ⣬һСԺӱ
̧ͷȥԵñ顣
ٸ߽Ժһֱ㣡
ĵ
ƺӦĻܣƹâţӿֲɱƵͬɱӴӲ׹һ㣬ܵոһƬ
˵꣬Žһֱۣ߻ӣһϷš
һʱ䣬ԺܣΨпֲɱţ϶
Ž˲٣ɫԵޱѿź
ȥǣΧԺӵɱȷʵܿ£ûܵס
ߣ
գŽͺһת뿪
ûиͣæȥ
ڶĵʯ־𺳵ĿǰСԺӣҲ뿪ط
СԺ⣬һ
ŽǿưԵȴǱҵ뿪
̫ˣ
Ųӡ
ܿ죬ط𻯵ŵһһȥ첻ˣϾһȺǧΧһһȺŹŽ׷ˣôΧǰ֣κһ˶ܻῪġ

صӣѩҹϴˣ׼
桭
Ů⣬ԺĶôŮȻܸо
û¡
ҡͷʾŮ⡣
ŮŶҲû˵ʲôͶ뵽ͷϡ
ܿãù֮ǻصԼķĬĬ
ʱԺɱѾƽȥ
ļһҹܿǹȥ
峿Ÿո߳׼ɣƱǴԶ˹һ˷ܵĹĲӣСӣ˵սŽ˵Ǳյ¾ܷڻƻʱ֣ȴǴ𻯵ţȻ֪ˡ
ôˣ
б
ƴЦûʲôǾˬ˵Ե浱Լµһˡ
ƲƲ죬û˵ʲô
ʱѩҹ߳Ϣһգʱȥˡ
飬ˣЦȥ
ƶ켷üŪֱۣܿˡ
ΪЩѩҹغ÷ţȡ
У𻯵ڣȻһ𺳵Ŀ⡣˶죬Ǿηļ£ǰնɱǧգչȻһĵӳǱˣһ㷴ûУĲ
ЩĿ⣬Ȼû⡣
úѩҹ𻯵ŵȣѡʯңͶһľż޺ˣǺŮһͶ뵽֮Уһապľ񶼴ﵽ˼Ϊʢ״̬۷Ϊȹ̡
лһĨâԳˣ
վѩҹѾ棬߳ȣܿصסڡ
úҹĻ٣ºڰ
ϥڷеâ˸˿˿ƵԾ
ˣ
â˸ǹһ㡣
ԼȥʮϢޱ۷״̬һӯӯ̬֮һӱע˳ˮ޷ˡ
ʱһȡһͷС龧
龧ŵȲ䣬漴ļתĸ١
ˣ
ʱ龧ڵŨӿȥ
ʱһͷС龧죬ҪأһͷС龧ǱǲˣҲúķѶʮͷС龧ԣɽﵽ۷壬ȴûͷ龧һĹ̾磬ȶѪֱֺķѵµʱ䣬׼龧Գ졣
ˣ
ϥһתļ龧̵˿˿ƵԾͬһС㣬ɽڡͬһʱ䣬ʶڣǣЩ뵽Ԫ֮УĴԪĥԪڵʡ
â֯ܣܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱͷС龧ֻʣӤȭͷС
Ҳʱһɴڳ·һűʲôײһ㡣
أ
˫ۣâһš
΢΢ȭͷԸоԪøӻѪҲøǿʵ֮ʱǰ˾޴ȭ֣ǵǿɲԵı仯Щȴĺ٣΢΢
ֻдﵽͨɾ磬ǿȲдߡ



563 Ŵ
ҡҡͷɿȭͷ΢˫ۣļת
ʱ龧ʣһЩеʼصΪ硣
ˣ
⣬ֱֹȥһʱͣ
ʱѾϵϢҲȶ
߳䣬ӭųɣԵˬ
ܿ죬ǰʱȥ
ʱͣɣѩҹһ߳Ժӣ߶
ոտ죬Ͷ׼ɳһ¡
죡ʱ䣬Щʵ
ȡºʵٽһ
һţ
ǰӷ𣬳ȥ
⼸طҲвٵܡ
ı΢Щ֣ȥ𻯵ŵĵƺÿ̿ң𻯵ҲƽؼԵࡣ
Сӣ͵λСʦãԣûã͵λСʦ㣿
һӰ
붼֪˭˭˵ôĻ
𻯵ʲôر·ƺƽʱЩ𡣡
ʵ
ƹĲӣһ㶣漴Ŵȵ°ɡ
Ŵȣ
һ㶣ǰڱ׵ԺйһδȣҲƵĴȣ
Ƶͷаʱ䣬Ŷ֯һδȣŵӽŵӣŵӽ洫ӣ洫ӽĵӣԼεĵӵսڰº֯ȣȴȣÿһΡ
Ƶ𻯵ŵĵɵ͵߷ĸΣֱŵӣŵӣ洫ԼĵӣĹܼ򵥺ԭʼսŵҪΪŵӣսŵκһˣʤˣΪŵӣǱսʤŵӣԶΪŵӣڲýκս
ͬģŵҪΪ洫ӣһսս洫κһˣʤˣͳΪ洫ӣսʤΪŵӡ洫ҪΪĵӣսĺĵеκһˣʤˣǾͳΪĵӡ
ʵϣսκʱ򶼿ԽУһҪŴϣֻÿһεŴΪ֣սѣ𻯵ÿҪļ֮һңÿŴȣλ϶٣Ȼʹ𻯵ӶܻҪλǰúñһԼʵϾܱĳʶΪӣǿŲٺô
˵
ͷͻȻЩ棬ʵô˵ʶΪӣô˵ҲһڳϵĵλߺܶɣʶôǸӶ𣿡
㣬ԶԵʼ磬˵ǵظУÿγʱ϶ʹڵţһͨǿ߶һ𻯵ŵӣûκ˼ݡ
Ϊʲô
档
˭֪أ뷨ܲµĵֵ̯̯֣⣬һεŴȷǳرһҪҪȷ
ʲô£
һ𻯵ʥӣȷ
ɫ
Ŷ
ͷǰ
ŶƵۣˣ
Ȼأ
磬׸磡治˵ʲôһʥӿ˵ǹŽˣСǰʱôأЩ۵룬Ҫ˵ŵʥӣ𻯵кӹ𣿡
Ҳ⣬Ц㿴Ǻ۸𣿡
񣡡
ҡͷһ
ǲˡ

ŽֵҲˣǲ֣ĺѿ
ʼ磬춼ô˵ʲô
ˣΣҪҪȥսºĵӣ
ʵ
Ȼƽռ俴ȥЩʵȴǳǿǵȽͨ÷ǳ򵥣ƾܲŴվ죬սӦòͨͨɵһǿ߲սĵˣʤϣӦ÷ǳŶԡ
ȥû˼ҡͷĲӵأҲȥսºĵӰɣŴȵս޲ΣŵֱսĵӣҲǿԵġ
ҡͷͬû˼
룬Ǿս洫Ӱɣպһ洫ӣų𻯵洫˫˵⻰񷣬һı顣
죺
գͷԭμս׷ֻǿʵֻŵҲûʲôϵƼȻô˵ˣǲܾ
ս˭Ҹ𻯵е洫ӡ
˵
ŴǰͨĵӶռ߲εĵӵϣ磬ĳŵҪΪŵӣǻǰռŵӵϣѰ״ܵһս֪ʵǿ洫ӦûĶ֣˽һЩȻҲûл
ˣѾѡ

ѾˣҪսĸ洫ӣƺ棬ܿȻ̲סЦǼһӦ洫ӵһϧҪػˡ

ʼպܿʱûȥȣǾ֮ǰȥȣΪȹ۷ΪȹѪԱõĳ죬Ѿﵽ죬ȥȣûˡ
ȻѩҹҲûȥ콫ʯлеȭͷС龧ѩҹѩҹΪԣȭͷС龧㹻СˡͬʱһöҲŮŮҪڴﵽʶ֮ٷá
ʱ䣬һȥ
һָѩҹһԼҲڹ̺ĥ磬ͬʱ
ʱƣһУƿֽһ󲽡
תۣ¹ȥ
¹ȥ𻯵÷ڣӶק˫ȭڴʲôΪԼ
һ죬䳡Ӱ´£𻯵ŵĵӣų϶ˣ
Ϊ𻯵ŵ䳡ǳ󣬴ʱȥͷ
䳡಻֪ʲôʱһ̨һʯ
ϣһЩŴ֮󽫻Ǹ̨Ϲս
Ƶ
˵ͷûж˵ʲô
䳡վһ
ΣһҪţһһ
洫
еģ
ܣŵڵжоâ˸
ټ䳡
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ͻȻ䳡ð䳡ĸ̨ϣӰٶϣһۣΪ𻯵ͨϵһˣұһߣϵϢԨһ㣬м䣬һӰеš
ͨϵһˣǴϣ֮ǰұӣŽʦŽλʥӡƵмϴʹˣ˵ӦҲܲµ𻯵ŵ
ɨ۴ϺӣĿϡ
оâ˸ҪϵʹϧȴǸá
ˣȴһ˿Ź֣΢΢üͷϤϢ


564 ˬ
оһ˿ϤϢ룬ȴ벻оҪǣһϤϢ̫΢ˣǳģֻһǶǵĸоͷ·ǿȻܹоǴڵģȴҲץ
ʹüֱֱŸ̨ϡ
ǰƺƫͷĿϡ
ʱ΢ʼ䣬ƺ˹ǣڶЦ
ʶң
춯ݡ
̨ϣƫͷȥ䳡
ҲʱŴʼɼͨס֣һڵڡ
üŸ̨ϵоâ˸
뿴͸ϵʹôʶû˿Ч
޳ۣʱܿˡ

ʵܺ档
Сӣֹʲôأ
ƽ졣
عҡҡͷûʲôˣȵľʲôǰѾкüӵ˲̨ͬһЩŵӷս
ÿĴȶΪ֣һ֣սŵӣڶ֣ս洫ӣ֣սĵӣ֣ŵս֣ŵս֣洫ս֣ĵս˵ţֵЩһˣ껹еڰ֣ǱʥӼλս
ͷǰֶս׶ңֲҲǳ
ʥӼλսҲֻĺĵӼһδˡ
䣡
һ̨ϣһԶԵ໥棬ǿһһϯ
ǵһִȣսŵӣȻս˱ֻŵӡ
ңսŵϣ
սŵɺƣ
սŵĽ죡
սŵӺ־
սŵһ
һ
սˣϵ̨
иסֵĳϵ
ŵмӰ߳ɫǺܲÿŴȣƽһսǾ˵ʵͬεкˣսˣ
ܿ죬սǿĲɢ
쿴ſսļŵӴսԼĶ֣ȴûһȡʤ
ŵʵǿŵʤŵӣȻǼ򵥵¡
Ƶ

ͷ
ŵУڿ̿ԼڲϱǿţǺ¡ܳŵӵˣ˭Ǽ֮Ҫɹսʤȷʵѡ
ȻѣÿȴһЩܳɹŵӽΪŵӣҫޱȡսܵŵӣֻȻŵػŵӡ
ŵ˾Ԫ䣬սʧܣڲٷκʽս
ŵé죬սʧܣڲٷκʽս
ŵŹսʧܣڲٷκʽս
ŵӹսʧܣڲٷκʽս
ŵӺɰףսɹΪŵӣʧߣ˻صŵӣڲٷκʽս
гһսս֡
ʱȺһڡ
һս̨ͬʱУܿǹȥʱ
Ŵȣÿĵһķʱһ֣漸֣սߵǻ𽥽ͣϾ˺漸֣ս˽洫ӺͺĵӣʵԽԽǿսˣȻԽԽ٣ķʱҲˡ
Ƶ
ͷȻ⡣
ܿ죬䳡ϣսԽԽ٣ֱֹȥӣһִȲŽ
ڶ֣ս洫ӣ
гϺȵ
ڶֿʼȻҲ˷սȻս߱ȵһ̫̫ࡣ
ս
սԽʢ
ս
𣬵һ̨
ͬһʱ䣬洫֮Ум𣬱еûеȸסֵĳϿڱԵսڵ̨ϣ漴ҲûеȵϿڣսֻʮѣսȫսܡ
˽Ե
ҡҡͷ洫Ӹվ磬ôս
ŵѧսʧܣڲٷκʽս
ŵϯˣսʧܣڲٷκʽս
ŵӳԽսʧܣڲٷκʽս
ĳս֡
һʱ䣬˽ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ѧϯˣԽ˿ŵǰ˰ս洫Ӷ洫ĩļȴȻȫʧˡ
һ洫ӣǿ󰡣
ˡ
˵
һʱ䣬䳡ûôˡ
Ƿս
ĳϵ
ӭⳤϣ䳡ϣûǰ
Ц洫֮ǿ˶սʧˣ˭ȥսҲڣ
洫򣬲Цôս
վһ洫ǰɨƣڶս洫֮ȣӦû˲μˣҲϻûʵȥսĵӣ͵洫λսˡƣһ˿䣬֮ǰƷǹһֱţһΣҪ洫λս϶õһݺһ
Ȼעӵ۵񣬿˶ԷемƲƲ졣
Ҳ鷳

ƲˬСӣأ֮ǰǰ˵š
֪֪֪˵յʱһЩۣ˵Լ洫ӵһȻǰʱ䣬˵ʲôú洫һ͵ôôģʱǱŽ˻Ӧ˵洫һЩԺ洫ӵһûȷˣ
ȷʵЩ棬洫ӵһˣûȷ
ƲƲ죬еģ˴վ۷壬ǿ󡣲ŵǰңС涪СԣһȻûˡǡأү֮ǰڵڶԾͱ˳ԼΪ洫ӵһˡ
ǰڵڼ
ŵƵųսûҶ٣ֻһϧܡ
ͷô˵ȷʵǲˡ
ȥһ
Ųڡ
˭һиëãû޶˵СʦýǸζѣʹһЩͱˣүϡƲ죬ֵɵ񿴱ү͸¶һݾʵЩˬ
һЦûϵܿ죬ͻˬ
ˣֱɣ
Ƶ
֮ǰսĵӣ˵û˼Ȼս洫ӣͬˣҳѾҪսѡʱֻһ㶱Ҫս˭ȻǸڹŽߵۡԣ˿˵ۻˬʱǺ˼һҲûоȺɻΪ֪Ҫ
ûսǰסδȵĳٴοڣ󣬱ҡͷڣе
ȵȡ
һ
ڿնһ̨ϣŵ죬սۡ


565 
ӭˣһ̨Եúƽ
䳡ϣǲƽˣݡ
ŵ죿
Ǹɱǧ죡
Ҫսۣ
˵ۡ
죬ʱ𻯵ɫʵո𻯵Ųñնǧ׵ܵܣְ벽Ƶɱǧ꣬ǰԼСԺｫһĵӹŽѪɡ죬Ҫսۣ
ţֱս洫
Զ̨ϣ̨λãʹ£ֹ˹ǡ
վ洫ǰɫѿ죬Ȼս洫ǰеļˣ졣Ȼһŵӵսңǰһʱ䣬Ŀ£ĹŽˣܵʱǿɱĿ£ǣҲһֹ˼ɣ˿̱սǷŭǼɵ
洫ӣ̨ۣ
ϵ
ûѡҧҧڵ̨ս˫ȭ졣
ʼ
ϵ
ⳤϻµ˲䣬ȺУƿڣС䣬ȥɡ
ۣƻ˻֣״
ɫһɨƣֱӽԪ߶ȡһɱǧ꣬𿪹٣㲻ɱѣҡ
ﬣ
ûһ仰һУֱնһδ󽣡
ɲǼ䣬δ󽣿۵۵ؿڴ
ۣ
ۿѪֱӺɣһ̨·
ʱȺɫ
⡭
Ǹۣվ죬Ȼһͱն̨
ҵ졣
˵
ط˶סˣɴ˫ۡЩ֪ܿ£ŵӵսȴҲû뵽ôǿֻһնۡ
洫洫Ӽðңûսǡ
һʱ䣬סⳡŴȵĳ϶סˣֱȥŻعŵ죬սɹΪ洫ӡ洫ۣսܣػţڲ÷κʽս
̨£ȾѪҲѪǱɫ԰׵ĲС֮ǰ洫սõһƣȴû뵽תۼ䣬սһն̨񣬾ǳΪͨײŵӣº󣬿ԼʵٴγΪ洫ӣ£ɻʹΪ𻯵ŵЦ洫ӣֱΪŵӣ
С䣬ǧģǵŵӶ͵һ߹·мǣǧҪģ³Ѫģ
Ƶʱ
㡭
ɫ࣬һ̱ģ۵³һھѪ漴ֱӻ˹ȥ
㿴ⶼˣôôСģôôСģ
̾Ϣ
ܣŵһ񺮣һúģղžǹģ
סⳡȵĳ϶Щˣ˽̧ȥˡ
̨£ߡ
ˬˬ
ʵ
һɣˬƴЦֵϧǹŽ˵ûҪǿԼ׷߱һɨɣ˵ɫһÿ㡣
ĵڵĵطŽȷʵڣ⵹֣ŴȣһֱսĵӣŽΪĵӣӦǰŶԡ
ƺ֪ʲôƵ˵Ըĺܣһû˸ս٣ʾԼĸ߹ǿ󣬲ʵϣҲȷʵû˸սʵս𻯵ڣĵȷȷǿû˻ɵȥҲڡ˵ţͻȻбԶŬŬ죺˵˵أ͵ˡ
̧ͷǱߣֻĵһӰԲ£ǹŽǰʱ䣬ŽջһϽۣһ֮С
ϽۣǾԼ֮һΪ𻯵ŵʥӣԽװ
ۡ
ɵ档
Ц
ĵŽɭ䣬֪һ۳̨£ʹ۴ӵ洫ӱΪһײŵӡ죬дɭȻɱ⣬׷ߣڴ
ǸоԹŽɱ⣬̧ͷȥ촽΢׳գ
ûдֻǶ˶촽ǣŽܹĶȴ
ʱŽɫøɭйɿµĺɢ
Ⱥǳ£ӽһ
˶ŹŽ˳ŹŽĿȥϡ
⡭
֮ǰһ۳̨ǹŽ׷ߣǼӴ˹ŽŽȻǶŭ
ӴǰʱѾֱӴˣˣӴʲô
ʱƺǿɱ֮ʵӦǲйŽġ
ʲôҪҪǣȷʵǴ˹Ž
˵죬ôôµɱѵǿĿʦ
ٵۡ
̨ϣ˳ŹŽĿ죬΢
ԱߣԵúܵȻûʲôӦ
һ̧̣ͷȥ
¡
⣬ǿӿӰ̤˹
ǰݷ𻯵ţɷ񣿡
ǵض£һʱƵ𻯵䳡ңڵȻѯʡɷ񡱣ȴǸûͣ½Ųתۼ䣬Ӱ𻯵š
ʱ䣬𻯵䳡˽ԱɫڣȻݷ𻯵ţ
ǿ֮һ
⡭
һʱ䣬Ⱥȫˡ
ʲôã
Ʋ졣
ԶʮţΪ֮һݷţ
ҲǱŹ̧֣ͷϵˣ漴һǿˣϵϢǿƺͨ۷徳磬мˣϴŵЦ⣬ȴǸһɽ֮Уһдһɱ䡣
Žϵĺɢȥü񷡣
Զ̨֮ϣ۴ϺҲüͷ΢壬վ
ǰֱ̨ϡ
м˵ż˵أΪʮ֮׵𻯵ڽŴȣҽʥӣ̲סǰһۣѣɣ
ͣʵŵңҹɴʹ˵ֻǣ𻯵΢СԱȼ֮һԵţ»ݣ
ʲô
ڵ
⡭
ܣȺԾ
ǰݷ𻯵ţѾˣĻһ𻯵ŵӸ𺳣˵УȻڵˣ
ȻҲüڵˣȻˣ
̨ϣЦѼȳңֺαؿұˡ˵ţٴοڣ΢΢۵ѣڰݷ𻯵ţΪֻһʶӭʰɣ


566 
һ̨ϵֻһʶʶĸ֣Ȼ֪ڵһʱϾʩչֶΣڵڶʱ̫Ҳʩչʶ׷ɱͨҪһͨɾʿ޲û뵽̨ϵȻֻһʶ
ͬһʱ䣬𻯵ڵҲ𺳡
⡭
һֱһֱֻһʶ𣿡
ȫûо
˾ȡ
һ˲䣬䳡ϣ˶ˣˢˢ̨ϵ
۴Ϻһûоȣƺ֪°㡣
ڵˣ治
Ц
һ̣͵һ̨ϵɢһԶ
󣬼ͬһʱ䣬һԶͷԵЩҡ
ظǰ
ɫ
ԱߣҲ˫Ŀһɣ˼顣
ˣ꣬һŸ̨ϵٶȥ
˶뵽ղɢ£ʱ˱ɫ
⣬ؤһظˣãòǡǡ
ôܣ
ܣԲᣡ
˶סˡ
Ҳʱ򣬸̨ϣ۴Ϻϳظ΢΢
䳡У𻯵ųд

һʱ䣬೤üء
ʱȫ¶ݡ

ôȥ󣿣
⣬⣬⡭
̲ס¡
ܷظ˲䣬˾ѾԼµظݣһڳ񣬺ʱ䳡һ𾪣Ȼ
𻯵ŵڶ࣬ȥ󣬲˶гظָָ꣬㣬һ̣Щһо࣬оƳЩݵˣȻǡ𻯵ŵˣ
ССССССӣʶ鰡
Ƶֱ˫ۣһȥЩʱǰĳͻȻã̫ˣ˵ǣҲʵ̫ˣ
쾡ܸղҲǲµظݣɴʱõϵġֵȷϣ𾪡Լʼ䳡ʱΪλڸ̨ϵϸоģϤϢˣϤϢԴظ꣡
ظ꣬
ͬʱҲ׵ǧȥס鷳ʱΪδϻվǧ֣ҳ˼ԭظ
ݼ
ݼ
ݼ
纣һټ䳡ϣ𻯵ŵӽдΰݡ
Ȼû⣬湪ݼ

΢΢̧֣һϸ̨վǰĶŶԷ
һʱ䣬Եúܰ
žһƬ
һϮۣ࣬´漴ЦѣΪһ֮磬ƺôׯء
ҽʿα̫⣬Ŵȣ

˵ţԼڸ̨
лһĨĹ⣬漴һЦԱߵλ


䳡УסⳡȵĳϹͷ漴ִȿʼ
ִȣսĵӣ
洫Уһ㿴ңҿ㣬ҡͷûԼʵսĵӣŵӺŵӣǾ͸Ӳ˵˸ȥսңʱʵ̨λΪǰֹȻֻһʶǱҾȻظǸˡңʱԱߣڵ
üڵĵЩ֣̬Ҳ֡
ô£

ɲţڵżȻ𻯵ţǡɷ𻯵ڽŴһҪѡһʥӣԲŽ뵽𻯵һһ£ڵˣǡʱ⾭Ĵ澭ˣڵĵλĵλ𻯵ţ
СӣҲоܹŹ֣
С
Ǹ˶ܲİɣ

Ƶͷɨһ۸̨ҸоλظǰȿȣˣоʶڵƵģڵ˵̬ȺЩ֡
ʱǰסִȵĳϿڣִȿʼ
ִȣŵս
ȿŴȰɣˡ
˵
ʱȥ£ȵòʲô˼Ҳûʲô塣
Ƶͷǰһ̨λսŵӣ̲סЦС䣬ӵ洫ӵ䵽ŵӣڻˣλսûμӣضᱻŵŵĩүоϧ
ԣ֮ǰ⽫ΣΪڵʱѿҲΪ֮μӲŵӵλսӶŵŵĩβȥ
б
һɬ˵ģүĻô
ǡ

ǰ䳡̨һǿԪŵλսʽʼ
ŵӷǳ࣬𻯵żеˣˣŵӵսЩķʱ䣬㻨һʱϣɸסֵظϸŵӵλΣΪʲսŵĩ
⡭
洫ۣڡˣˣĩŵӣ
ŵУҲײ㣿
硣
ѹ֪Ϣ󣬹ƵͻᱻٴѪιȥ
С
ӵ洫ֱӵŵӣѾǹ߳ܵˣ𻯵ʷϴδ֮ڣۻǴӵ洫ӵŵӣֱӵ䵽ŵĩĿࡣһ룬֪עΪ𻯵ŵһЦпܱ𻯵ŵ֪һ룬ǱĲٱˣΪʵ̫ˡ
С̾ϢһɫĶһȺŵӣʵСҲˣ̨СĻʹȥѣǲȻʵ˵ǵǲǶҪһλΣСʵǲһŵŵһ˵һ棬һһС䣬ңŵһҧĸ
ˣ
һȺŵӸ̣ɵò˲ͷϵ亹ʵ̫ˣʱ˵Ļǰ۸ѿ𣿴ӵ洫ŵӣȻøŵһʲôĺûǺûǾйˣ
䳡ϣһڳҲԣɵﰵţôˣ

һɢĵŽվ絶һ㶢ơ׷ߣ۵棬ǣԼ档Ϊ׷ߣ۵ŵĩ㳰ڴ
ӭȺ⣬˶һоˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Աߣһ
׳շѧһȮͣ룡



567 洫һ
Ļ䳡ϣӽһ˲ɵӡ
죬ȻһĵΪ׳շ
Žǰ׳գǷ
ˣ˵
⡭
ֹ
طû˸ôΪ
ЩˣסⳡŴȵĳ϶һ졣
˵ʲô
Ž
˵ĺɢŽһƬ䣬Ķķ
֮ǰʶԵ޹ȥ䳡սұȥȥǴ󵨾Ƿ鷳ǰ׳ʲôЦǣڶȴת۱ҳĺɣڿѪǱǷʲô
˵գΪĵӣŴȵĵһʱ㵽أȴ٣һҫ۽ۣǾԼضҪΪʥӣԹǰʢװԴʾԼͬҪ߹ⲻǰ׳գʲô
ϰ㲻飬ģĵ˵ǰ׳շд
󣬵ȴһ˲䳡˽Եۡ
Ȼ֪ǰŽȥ鷳ɵ£˿̣콫µʱЩһţ˵ȷʵŽʱڶȥȴǱɣʵǺܶˡ
ңʱ򣬲˶ŹŽϵĽۣٻĻʱҲǾãһۺôۣΪԼվҪΪʥӣԹ⾫Ļʢװ٣ʾԼ߹ʵ̫ˣȷʵܰ׳ա
һ̣䳡һŵŹŽɫǱЩ
̨ϣ΢΢ۣʲô顣
ɨ죬ԼĵӹŽûʲôӦ
ԱߵлһĨâĿںĵǰĹŽϣѣһЩŵۣǽŽ԰ɣŽʮİڽն𻯵ŵʥ֮λ
Ρ

Žƾŷչֵǹɺ⣬ʵܲ򵥣ǿ󡣡ڣķ۵ˣҲͦ˼
ķջĿ⣬ԵʮֵȻͦ˼
΢΢ۣȥѶ˵ĹעƺȶʮճΪ𻯵ʥӵǹŽ࣬⵹Щ档
Զ𻯵ţʲô

ƺЩӭҵȣ˵ˣżȻһۡ
Ц
ǾżȻˡ

˽ĹУʼնڶ䳡ûпԷۡ
䳡ϣĵŽɫ㣬ɢĺӾˡ
죬㲻ɱѣʲôʵһָ㣡
Žȵ
СԱߣƷ̣ô˵Ļ㲻Ǳֵʮ꣬ʮѣǶʮʱ䣬ʲôɱ㡣ƿ֪Žӽʮ꣬ŽȴǿҪʮˡ
ܣƵĻǸȣ֮ǰֻ֪ܿ£ȴǲ֪ʵ䣬ƿе֪ȹŽ˴Լʮ̲꣬סͱ£Ƶˣ
ʵʵθɣ
Žȵ
׳նҪô˵ֵܳǳˣɱкθɣ
Ʒ̡
ʱˣƲǵӷ˲٣ҲǱ÷ࡣ
һʱ䣬ŽҲƺ죬п񱩵Ԫ֯ɭɢܵնԵЩŤΪˡ
һ̣䳡ܸоɱ˵Ľǳǿ󣬷ǳ¡
ЦһȴǲٴŽǰסⳡŴȵĳϣ΢΢ǷǸϣѸŴȣ
סⳡŴȵĳ϶ͷа˺ܲʵҶԳҲǫѷǹŽȴǾͲôˣȻʵǿ󣬵ȴίʵЩԵˣΪĵӣŴٲ˵һڴͷźͽƣ֮䳡Ʒв̫ࡣ
ⳤҲû˵ʲôһŵӵ֣ս
ⳤϻ£ʱһŵ̨
ܿ죬ǿʢԪϯ
ŵӼĴȣĵŽĶƣǶʱ˫Ǵ̹ǵɱ⣬Ȼ
Ȼܹоɱ⣬ɨһ۹ŽǳͲм֮ɫ
׳ա
Ц
ֻں˵֣Žˣʱ
ȴǸ
ս
̨ϣ˴
ŵսԪĲɱŵǿˡ
ܿ죬ʱȥΪŵӵҪŵ࣬λսķѵʱȻҲͲʱŵλս˵εϲɫǺ˲٣΢Щ̾ϢȻ̨
֣洫λս洫ӣ̨
Ϻȵ
λսܼ򵥣ɶսҲ˵ǻսһ޴̨ϣ˭ȵ̨˭ûսز˭λξںһЩ
򵥣ֱӣ
Ƶ̨ųٴοڣ洫λսʹʽʼ
䣡
һʱ䣬ԶŵǸǿԪͽХתۼ쳹ķ
վһܿյġ
Сӣ㿴ɷģû˸ҹսˡ
Ƶ

бһۡ
̨ⷽҲܴʮ洫棬ȴûһ˿ǰ洫ǣԶˡЩ洫ӿ֪˺ܲ򵥣ƱԼ洫ӵһ˵ĳƺ𻯵ŲõԵЩ£ɱĵǧ꣬ɹŽһǿ洫ۣЩֲɵʱܵǰȥѰڣ



ײһԽӼҡ
Űʱ̨ⷽϣֻʣƺ컹վš
ôоֵģ
˵
Щ
գʼ磬̨ܺսһȥ洫һ
ҲԾ̨ߵһߡ
һ˶ˣһʱˣһȣôһ
ЩˣȻǸⳡȵĳҲЩˣսһȸߵͣ˭ǵһˣȴ֪˹ϵ̨սһӦǲ̫ܵ£ֻøһ뿪̨Ϊһ洫ӵһˣǾ洫ӵڶ
ڴˣȻʲô˶ǻεˣң˱ȷʵϵǳã˭ǵһ˭ǵڶҲ͸ûйϵˡ
֣ĵսкĵӣ̨



568 ս
֣ĵսųϵĻ£ʱ䣬һĽ𣬹Ž񽣣תۼ̨ϣǿ˽Ծ
ŽֱǿˣƺҪͨɵˣ
˵
Ʋ죬Щ̶ŹŽ
վһԣעŽԳŸ̨ϵλȥʱйصѾˣ¿ʼ˼ڵΪʲš
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮𣬺ܿ죬ĵҲ̨Զ˹ŽһЩ
ʼ
Ϻȵ
ʱ䣬ǿʢƵ̨ϡ
ĵӣͨɾΪʵǿΪǧ걻նֻʣ¾ˡ˶ս˶ŽͨԻ
ܼգ𻯵ŵӽ˫Ŀâ
ͨӣĵȷʵ̫ǿˡ
ʮΣ˺ö࣡ƺﵽͨɵһ۷ˣ
󣬾Ȼѹԭڶʯ־
Ӧҵԭǵڣƺȵ黪ˣ
˾ȡ
Ÿĵӣʵı仯˲죬ԭֱںĵӵʮΣӦҵ͵ս˾޴ı仯˸ǰˡˣȴûһ˿ŽȥսŹŽԶ
ߣ
ģŽߣһ罣һ㣬ɨơ
ԭڰв𻯵ŵ£ʱо۹ԼϣƫͷȥǼŹŽ˵ӡ
ɵ
ȻҲǲ˹ŽɭĿ⣬
ɨһ۹ŽٴԷŷŵ¡
ô£
ü
𻯵ţúܲԾ
̨ϣֻɨԼͲٴŽǱø죬Ȼ죬˸ȴǴɱ⡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ܿ죬һӹȥ
һӺ󣬺ĵս
ŸĵӣһǹŽԭںĵڶʯ־ȡ䵽˺ĵӵĵĶӦҵȡ䵽壬黪䵽ߺĵûб仯ڰ˵ŷرȡ䵽ھš
ϸս֣ĵŽһڶʯ־Ӧҵģ壬黪쾵ߣεڰˣŷصھš
˽֣˵ò⣬˵ߵ쾺͵һĹŽ⣬ĵӵλ˴仯ֻԲһ˲ҲͲٶ룬ΪѾһִˣһ֣ʥӼλս
ʣһֵʥӼλսǽŴȵĺĺ͹ؼ
ȻҲ֪ʱͣ˼ڵ¡
̨ϣվ˫дŵ⻪Ļ˵һѾȥãŸѡʵʥˡأӽԶĵӾˣһʥӣ֮ѡڣٴһս
䣡
ո£һɰɢŽɢΪ˵Ľơ
Žվ֮ǰ̨ϣ˿̣˵Ľֱɢꡣ
һʱ䣬̨ܣ˽ԱȽ̲סˡ
˭ս
Žȵ
䣬ǿĽƳͬһɱⷽ䳡С
׳˲ôʵȷʵǿ
˵
ͷ˵ǰ㣬ʵŽȷʵǷǳĿ¡
ڰ˵߳΢΢ǷǲУʦܹ顣ʥӵĵλɺܸߣһܳΪʥӣǱһ𻯵һ죬ʴˣλսûŽսڣȴˡ
Ҫи۵ľ򣡡
Ž
ƾ裬ܣɫ䣬ƴ⣬ȴ󱻹ᴩذˡȻŽûоʹ֣âնתۼش֫뱻ᴩѪȾ̨󱻺ݺ̨
⡭
úݣѾʤˣȴ
ǰ
˵

֯ĵǰΪڵߵ쾡ʥ֮λջ̫󣬾֪ԼпܲǹŽĶ֣ȴһԡ
˭˭͵øۣ
Ž
˵ϯܣⳡʥӼλսһһ̨ңЩУ֮ǰм˾ǰһЩʵʥ֮λսб𻯵ŵӾȣΪȷʵǳǿ󡣿ϧʵļˣȴȫڹŽУǹŽĶ֡
УŽֶҲŵӼ˭˺ֻҪûе̨ŽɱļΪأУڶ䣬ȴɱն˫ۣǸסⳡŴȵĳϼʱֱܻӱϵпܱնɱ̨֮ϡ
ʱʥӼλսŽ̨ϣǴĿѪˮ
һȺҲѰ·ʥ֮λҵģֻҲ䣡
Žĵ
𻯵ŵüŽʵЩ̣ңҲίʵЩʥӼλսĵӽȨȡȻѾʤˣԼԭҲԩ޳ˣֺαˣڹŽ̨ܹϣʤˣһŵӵǲôȣΪѾµˡ
Ȼ׳ʤŵʥӣǺܲˬ
Ʋ졣
쵹ǲ⣬ֻǵɨ۹Ž
ʱ䳡ܣԵð
סⳡŴȵĳƫͷ̨ϡ
ѣƺ˰ʥӲΪʿİԵͷ񣡡
ԹŽ͡
е⻪֯һֱǲվŹŽЦʥӼλսһʥӣɡ
ȵȣ̨ϣŽڣĻڼ̳ʥ֮ǰЩ£ŽҪ˶ϣ˵ţŽɨ죬ĵˣܾҵĶԾ룬˳пʤңڼ̳ʥ֮λǰҺһսҪ֤𻯵ڣǿһЩɱȣ
죬Ž˸⣬Ҫ쵱ڸϵ
⡭
ŵüŽʵ̫ڰԵˡһʼֻ˵˾ʤѣǿбһսûȥǱƵסʦȻʱǱɱɨɣȴҵ£Թ졣طк˵͹Ž֮䣬ͷβǹŽĴѾҪΪʥӣȴҪˣʵЩ֡
̨ϣ죬ĿڹŽϣ죬𻯵ΪɫĵӣҲϣ֮ʲôִǰ֣ɢȥɡ֮䣬֮ǰìܣ˶дǵǰõ£պϣѺùǿʢ֮·
Ļڼ̳ʥ֮λ
ӵ
ŽŸ̨ϵŴȴɢǿĽơ
Ӧһս𻯵ţҹŽ죬ձص
죬ŽеĽ֯ű⡣
üԱߣȤζĶ·
ҲʱӰڿն
Ǹ첢Ը£ҲϲĪѹơްģȴаǡգ첽Ӻƽ䳡Ƿ̨ϣĮĿڹŽϣս


569 Ƕ
ĶĻƬ䳡ϣ˶ɫ
ŽٴǿҪһսȴǸǿƣֱӵм̨һ䡰ս𻯵ŵӶݣ죬Ӧսˡ
ս
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳвâʱʼ˵һ仰
ްģȴаǣ
ļظ˸֣ʱеľâøʢ
ЩͨӣȻһڳϣ˿ҲΪ춯ݡ
ڲŽǿ󣬵ǣȴȹŽ
г
̨ϣ죬й⻪תްģȴаǡ
߶˸֣оâ֣ԭкøУô˸֣иΪ֮һݣΪĳЩʮ꣬ȥװ磬ױ⣬һӽЩӣһֶ䳯һֶмһˣûһͬǰǰ
򵥵񣬻ʲôҪ£ǣôһССϸڣȴ㹻ܶ࣬죬ܶڣȥˣ֪ˣ˸ǰĸ֣죬ްģǶܹע֪ɱٳɵ£֪̣ȴǸ⣬죬ΪػѣԲһУ飬һˣΣ
У׵żŰ裬Ҫնƣһ֮˴ܣ󣬿ڵѰҵŴվҪˡѰҴ˵ݣ䣬м˻᲻壿Ǹʱ򣬻ˣضûУѰҵĴˣˣնն˸ĸ֣죬аǣеĶˣߵ޾κ
죬еľâԽԽǿʢѪ꣬ؼѰ
ƶĿ⣬ڹŽϣ˸ȴԵЩӡ
£Ҫ֣Ѿ𻯵ʥӣóʥӵĶ
ӵ
Ž죬ɫһƬࣺʦƶײ輰ңҪһսҪڷϵ죬ȴ룬ȻǿƻӦֱӵ̨ս죬ƾʲôսʹޱȷŭоԼٴα
һһĽɢŽһԾɱ̨ϡ

Ӻȵ
αءʱ̨ϵڣȤζ䳡̨Ȼ˶ҪսǾսͦõ˵ͦŽʥӡûʲô飬ֻǰվһߣͬľżһ㣬Ϣȴǿ
üһ漴Ե
Ǿսɡ
̾컹ǹŽ˶ҪսԼľŵˣչأҲûȥ档̨죬˸ĿڹŽϣӵɫٴθ֡
ֻõͷ۴ϡ
۴ϱڿգӸ̨£䳡ģסⳡս
Ҫս
۴ʵ
ӵ˼ϣ˶ս
ޱ飬һƬĮ
գŽڣɭȻԼս⡣漴ֶ죬ս֮ǰҪ˵һ㣬ʱɱ㲻ʹãһգԺڣǸǵɱĿ£Կ׵ɱ
Ц䳡УƿڣŽ軹ҪҪԼҪսڱ˻ӦȻðɱôҪҪվɱȻ֤ǿ󣿾ˣҲ䵱𻯵ŵʥӣ
䳡УһЩ𻯵ŵҲСۣŹŽָָ㡣
Ҫ󣬵Щˡ
̨ϣŽɫɭ䣺ȻҪս͵ÿԼʵսȴ⣬κҵҪ󣬲֣ƵĳŽ˿Ϊ⣬¶ɱ⣬пȥ䲻䵱𻯵ŵʥӣɱ֪ˣƣŽ˿ɱ⡣
ɱ⣬˶ܸоӭɱ⣬˲ɵþòһ
Ҳʱƿ֮
ͻأˣڹŽǰ𣬷ֳ
ž
һĶ⣬ŽֱӺɳȥ̨ⷽԵ
һʱ䣬ۣһ̣ŽһſԵ޼ɵ¶ɱ⣬ƣһ̣ȴǱһƳɣ̨Ե
ǰĶԱȣʵ̫ˣ
죡
վŽŭ죬Ȼ˵ʱһ⣡
Ȼһ⣡
вѵ˴ڣ䣬ŽƵɱģһŹŽڻȻһޱǿƣԸɱҲʹáԷģûɱɻ֪ŽǸѣǸֻᳯȮ͵Ϊǵķ
䣡
ǿԪ𶯣һ쫷Ϊģɿĳ˷ɢ
һʱ䣬̨˽ԺȻ
ãǿ
Ĳ
һ̣ɢǿЩˣͬһͻȻԶŻɽһ㣬ȻһЩͨɾų϶סˣ̫ǿˣ˿̶죬һЩͨɶͨ϶𾪣ȻһԼܲǶֵĸо
̨ϣһĨ⣺죡ǰʱŸո죬ֻʱѣ쾹Ȼٴͻˣﵽ죬ң̫ǿˣԤ
ѣˣ򵥰
˫ۡ
䣡
̨ϣǿԪһһĴڳպ¡¡
һ̨̣ϣͬսٳǵʹ˽Ĳ
ɱ㣡
Žŭ˿̵Ʒǳǿ󣬵ǹŽȴǲ⣬ΨɫԵһƬ죬Ȼڳһ⣬ԣǾԵĳ裡
ﬣ
һŽɱϣеĳͬһ㣬֯ɭɭ⡣
ĮӭŹŽϣһԶ˲ϢٴγڹȽǰ
ֱ֣ӣһȭ
ȭͷϣͻȻͬը˰㣬ǰһƬֱӱ̮һ̣ȭͷ£Žնĳײһ

촫ŽеĽ̼ķѡ
ŽŽһһô󽣸֣Ʋĳնȥ
ǡ⽣
⽣𻯵һǳǿͨɱǿŽڳ£תۼʩչ⽣ʹŵӽԾȡ
Сӣģ
ƺ
ĸоնô󽣲򵥣ǣȴû˿仯
ճȭͷſһֱɫͼԻĮĳǰѹȥ
ͼ
ͣ
һ죬Žնµô˲䱻ǻʧӰ١
ʹùŽɫ΢䣺㡭
ȴ䵭ʩչǚi⣬תۼ䣬ٴο絽Žǰ
𣬷ֳ
ž
ڶ쳹䳡


570 
ĶƮ֮ǣŽӰٴκɣȥԶ
һ˲䣬䳡ٴˡ
죬Ȼֳ˹Žһ⣡
˶סˣһĵӹŽҪΪʥӵˣ˵Ѿ𻯵ʥӵˣתۼ䱻Ƕ⣬һһ
ֱ˻عһɫ˼Ķ̨
⽣ת۾ͱƽˣң죬ٶȡÿ죡
⽣ôģ
⡭
ļ¡
⽣ΪͨɱǿȴɲǱĥ𣬶ңĶ̫ˣͬ磬󲿷ֻǿһģӰһ̱ŽӰɶûп칥Ĺ̡
ȻһЩͨϣ˿Ҳ𺳡
ÿ죡
г˵ͬ֡
ͬһʱ䣬Զĸ̨ϣϣȽԶݡһЩͨûп֮ǰĶǣȴǿһ
Ƿͼʲô
˸âһ̣Ŀϣơ
죡
쳹ܡ
ŽٴվɫޱͬҰһ㶢졣죬Ȼֳһ⣬ôˣְһǶ⣡޵ֱ
㲻Ҫ֤𻯵ǿ𣿲һЩɱΪʲôᱻҳĺɣĮˣڣûʹɱ󡣡
ƽȴһⳡսʼǰŽҪԼʵսҪ첻ʹɱ󣬶ڣͽֳɹŽ³ڣûʹɱŸֱ֣ͺñǵ⣡
Ķ⣡
ŽձЩŤޱĶ죬˫ɭȻŭ
䣡
ӿ
Žɱʮ㣬һͷߣ۶ɣɫ˫ܱһãһ˫ͫɢ⡣

ǣ
ͨǣǡߣ
ӳԾ
Ǵͨ۷弶Ĵͨ
ȷ˵ʱ˶һ
ߣϹʱһֿޣ鲼ɫۼף˫жͶǳƣȴԶǶȣ֮Ǹʱǿʿģܴ֮ãߡ
ͨһչݻ֮壬߱ǿĹӦңŵʵãԴȽ͵˵ٶȣԪǳ¡
ɱ
Žڣһٶȿһ࣬תۼǰһƳؿȥֻûеǴߵĹȴѾһ˿ϣʱʹ΢ֻоԪΪ֮һ
ʱŽٶȴЩѹз֮ƶϡ
͵һֱһƬ
ǚiˣȴƶü࣬·ԼڣԪЩ˳ˡʱ򣬹ŽѹٶȴֿЩڶܲ£ֻý˫۵ǰ
飡
Ž˫ϣһɴʱ˹ȥ
ƺһֱӱɡ
Žԭأ֮⣺ΪһʱٶȣҵĶ֣һǿϢһУϿ˸ָ·ʼһֱɢΪµɵѹɱǰϣ棡Ҫô㣬ô㣡
䣡
ɹ˸̶
һĻĻ䳡ϣȻ
ңƷ
ţٶȱˣ౶ƺ߸ѹˡ
ȻȻǿ󣬵ս͹ŽĲ໹Ƿǳ󡣡
Ϊ̫ˡ
һͨɣһգ⡭
ҡͷ
̨ϣһƬĮ
ˣ
â˸׵ž죬һԻ𣬽˸СһƬ΢СǿԻ両£еʥϢ֯ͬˮư㣬һĨĨɢڣ͵һһŹ
ǿ£
һ̣֧壬ǿµıԴûڵĴߵ֮ĥ
⣬ûн
һֳһӰʮɣϺպգΪ׼ҴҶݺӣĴɽȪʥԻһһߡһʯ֣ɹʮ졣
⡭ǵʮɸߵӰǡʲô
Ҷݵĺ󣬺ĴɽǱʴ󽣣⡭
ʯƺҲǡƷ
Ⱥ
ǰһ̣˻սϲ˹Žܶ࣬ϾΪ޴󣬶ҹŽһƷɽ֣ӦòǶ֡һ̣ЩȴǸʧɫ죬չһǿңҲƷ
̨ϣоâǿգΪκ͹żмصǰƣ
ŪһЩڵĶΪͻãΪкͬҿ⣿ŽһЦ֮⣬ٴγɱȥʱ䣬וּһеƷɽɹţֱնȥҲֱɱ㣬̫ˣһն֫ܽͷҲ˶ҹŽʲôɱ³
ﬣ
ƹ̶֮ת֮䣬Žٴοǰ
ӵĮվԭأɽ
ʮɸߵĴӰˣֳ£Ž
ɲǼ䣬ǰմͬһʥı˰㡣
Žոճ嵽ǰӭϴӰһƣЦɽӭȴǱʯײеɽϣ˵һ죬ֱӽˡʹùŽһʯϴ̫󣬾ȻеɽҪǿһ˿
Ҳʱⱬ
⣬ҶݺӣĴɽȪʥٶ˷Ž֣ѹȥ
̼䣬Ƭֱˡ

ҽһ̣ŽӰɶǱĵ䵽ɿ⡣
ʱȺɫ
ͬһʱ䣬̨ϣǶݡ
죬һλ˹Žңش
ŽԶվӿѪͨ飬ֻɽС
㡭
죬Ž־ŭ죬Ĵͨ˵
ô㲻˵ǰֻϺ㲻ҪôңôڣΪվǱѪ̣񳹵һǰȥ˵ˣŽֻǷѡͨȲңҲѹ㣬ΨΪ磬Ҹ߳С̨ףĸ߾Ϊڱһδγʱȴֻʾӵķӵܣ


571 
ĻǳĮޱȴ̶䳡˽ǵ
죬
Ĳ
ŽǷ𣿱Ȼǣ
ڶӶԣŽһǿţǣ˵ŽǷĻȴǸ޷Žͨɵڶأ촦վ磬ʱͨɵڶصĹŽȴǱվѪɣߴͨ˶ԱȣŽǷʲô
̨ϣ˽̾âʵ˵Ԥϣ
죡
һ𣬳˷ŭ
ŽƷɽĻնŤˡ
Ȯͣ㻹ʲô

һŽٶȺǚiһչͬŵƶתۼƵŽǰһ߶ޣ̫ǿ£Ҷݺӵȫ֧ǰѹȥ
ٶȿ켫ǿѹ£һ
սҾҪսҲս鷳Ϊŵ
ž
컰䣬һڹŽϡ
ŽѪһߺɣȻֻһֳǰ
𻯵ڣ㣬˶ΪǸʲô
飡
̫𶯣ѹ£ȭͷݺڹŽؿ֮ϡ
ɲǼ䣬ͷѵŽڿУǳһߺɶȥ
Ųһٴ׷ϣǰ
뵱һͬŷϵңϵվһҿ
˫ƽȭݺ¡
ۣ
ŽҽУһ̨ϣʹ̨ʱ鲼Ѻۡ
ڣǰֻŽһ
û飬̧ȣݺһţһνŽ߷ɡ
ԵĿˣ˶ΪĻǹŽ
ˣôܻ飿
󣬲ǚiŽ֣ȭͷͣغȥ
˹ŽƷһʱҲܣΪҲ
⡭
ŽڡѹŴ򣿣
Ǹ죬ҡ
䳡Ⱥ𺳡
ǿĹŽһĵӣͨɵڶ죬ѾȷΪһ𻯵ʥӣȴѹŴһѪҺڿУ˺Ȼ
飡飡飡
ɫĮǚiֺ飬һѹ¡
һʱ䣬̨ڻζ
ǿǺ;ٶȣ㣬ͨǿߣҲԱȵϣʱŽǰȻᣬҪǮѹ£̫ǿȫչ

Ž֪ڲҽС
죡
һŭϽԻѹµ󣬵һ쫷硣
ɱϣһȴǶݣŲһ٣ͣһ̣ǰĹŽϢȻģˣǣȴһޱȿµĽƳ
ͷͻȻһĪļ¶ʹɫ΢䣬ܵĳԱܡ
ͬһʱ䣬λãʯ͵һǱһˡ
Ľ⣿
ɫ
ܸоŽɢĿ½ƣǷȴûпнڣûионѹֻǱܵһΣյĸоԴ˳ұȥλõɾͲƱâײϡ뵽ղûұߺ磬ĺпܵᴩʱ
ŹŽоâ˸ûðȻ
ղǿĽâоΣա
ɱ
Ž𣬽ƱøӾˣһն¡
ûп֣ûиоѹȴͻأ伹һǚiһչƾűֱܵƶ̨תλá
ȶ䳡ϲ˸оһŹ֣ȺȥŽƺڶӽһⶼն죬ȴȻŹŽĻӽܣʹ˺棬ˣʱ򵽵ʲô
ͣ
ʱһ촫
̨ϣĸͻȻһӣʺѪν֮С
ǣ
ȺԾ
ĸͻȻնˣȥǱնˡ
ûпâ
˲⡣
̨ϣŽӶеƷƱøǿ
ûнâԻҲоѹȴֻܸоڱƽ
ͣ
壬һĻܿ죬ĻƿֱֱնѪ
ңģоŽ˵ϢģˣоƣŽò΢ЩǶǣʹüͷ塣
Сӵģƺ񽣣ŴйžеĽͨ
ƺ
⻰һȺԾ¶֮ɫ
ǡ񽣣
еĽͨųƿĽ񷨣׽Ľɱ
еͨΪŴйžֻʥӣ̫ϳϵŵĺʸ𣿣Žôᡭ
𾪡
𻯵ŵĴйž𻯵ŵǿȴǺ˽⡣СۣⲿžΪųģ˵ĸ֪ʹԼãɽԼϢʧڵ˵ҰʶУĪܡ
ǣⲿžȴֻʥӣ̫ϳϵźʸ񣬹ŽŸոճΪ𻯵ŵʥӣʩչͨȻǸողŻᣬҲ˵Žǰѧͨ
⣬һʼڰѹŽʥ𣿣
˱ɫ
̨ϣ̨ûйâֻǿţ֪ʲô
Աߣɨ΢
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
̨ϣŽϻӶеƷ
û˿ĵ⣬ֻ̨ܼϲܡ
񽣣ۿʶ׽ȫűܣУ˶ɱôǿ𣿣
𾪡
񽣣ۿʶ׽ӹŽջӽֽâʼȻʩչˣʱڣţŽٻӳϰٵ⣬ǣٵʶ׽ɱ죬ȴȻֻâĽâȫű˹ȥ
Ǻεǿıܣ
Ǻεȿµ
ǹ𣿣
Ȼ
̨ϣ˸âƾűֱƶΣܼΣգҲʱеһɻڱ⿪
֮ǰظʱɻһ⣬ǾǣɽʱŵĳΪʲôûϳظ𻯵ŵˣ˵ͬΪʮţЩ˲֪ܲģ
ڣͨˣųģ˵ĸ֪ʹԼڵбãԱϡ룬ɽʱظһʩչӶʹЩ˿ݣǿһģ


572 ͼ
ͨ˵ɽﲻϳԭҲ뵽ΪʲôʶҲԱ˿壬ʹȻҲǺйء΢ǣôܵȥظˡ
ɱ
ֻü΢ǚiһұߺȥɶԶ
Ϊ£ܵЩ٣ʱ͵һ䱻նѡ
⡭
񽣣ۿʶ׽
ҪôӦ죬ܲһֱܰɣ
ü
ʱЩ˶ܹоŽĽһƵԽӿˡȥľƱǻԽԽ⣬󣬱ǰ
ҿܶ㵽ʲôʱ㣬ֻһҽ£Ϊһ߲ʬ
Ž
죬ŽΪͺ塣죬Ŵζײ輰̨Ͻˣó񽣣뽫˺顣Ʒɽ˿̣ĳն𻯽âɿ쳯ȥ
䵭Բֻǲǚiܡ
Ⱥ̨ϣ俴彣âûѪԻû飬֪콫пɱȫ˹ȥɵýԳԾ
ЩˣȻǸ̨ϵҲΪ֮ݡ
ѣˣ治Ǹš
۵
˵ʲôֻǵɨ漴̨
Žɽն
ûнâԻǰȴǲƶΣҲЩǱ
ϣȥ
Žȵ
˵ţƷɽţûнâԻϵĽȴø
ƾűܹŽ𻯽âȺְ˼ûܹܿУҪŽȴǷָ첻ԽǿŽоŵвкбԽǰߡ
΢ǚi˸̫ٴγ
ʮ
䵭
̲꣬һɢҵļĹâ̵Ĳס˫ۡ
Žֱӱ˫ۣеƷɽٴնɱĹ⣬ֻΪǱСһ£ڱݺϷ𣡡ӶƷûнâԻϵĽȴøӿ£ԱߵնΪ֮Ť
첻Բ̫͵һɢ
ŽϵĽƱøǿȻҲ͸о˸вܡ
ʮְֱһ
ŽЦ˿ָֻʼǲһ棬ۻʰ㸩죺ɣ㣬ʥеʱ㣡ĥ㣡
Զ¶һĨ̡
ʥӣΪ㻹л̳ʥ֮λĹޡ
ﵭĮ
仰µһ˲䣬ŽͷһƬڰ
Žɭ䣺ʲ
ݣ
ٶȺܿ죬һ㣬˲ϢûŽͷ­ڡ

ҽ˲𣬹Žŵŵŵĺˣʩչͨʱ䱻ϡ
ûгɣһΣյֱӱ˹ȥ
ӶȭֱڹŽϡ
飡
Žɣһ䣬ѪҺһɳ
һ£˵ˣ˵ĺܶԡǚiŹŽɳȥ壬һȭ£⣬Сһ£
𻯽âۿʶҲ׽ǣ̫ɢĿ⣬Žһ˲˫ۣҲһ˲䣬ڴĿڵ£һƬüƮУǰһ̳ڹŽͷ­Ͽա
ˣã
ڰ꣬ƶٶȷǳ죬ҶʶžԵɱûŽüĺֱӳʶʶըԶܻٵŽʶùŽʹʩչͨȴ㹻ˡ
㡭
飡
ȭһڹŽϡ
ʱŽǱɣڿѪ
ǰʩչޣݻѹŽ
ͬʱʯҲ߶֮ųĹâ
죡
Ž߶Ʒ
һƳԹŽΪģΧڵĿռȫǽâ

ֻ֡
бֱӽʶ֧һʱ䣬ڰԻͬһ󽣰϶ŨϢɢ
̨ϣһھâ
ʶ󣡡
죬еľâԽԽʢ
ܹʶǿɾеţ
Щϲͨ䣬ǻҲǷǷǸ۲۵š
Ц
ɨû˵ʲôֻǾǰ̨
ʱ䳡УϳʩչʲôǴ󾪡
ʶֻ˵ɿ˸Сս
ļ¡
ʱЩٴζ죬ʶĿ¡
죬Ȼƿʶ
ΨƺЦû˶еȣΪ֪ƿֶΡ
̨ϣĮʶϯʱ䣬̨ڰɫ긲ˡһʱ䣬ɫɫĴ֯ϢཻڣʹƬռ·صֻԭʼʱ㣬ˮư㵴
Žʧɫо˾޴вʶ΢΢ҡ㡭
䵭üĹâ΢
ʱ̨ϣܼĺڰɫ𶯣֯һ޴ͼ
粽ϣȫʩΪֳɵͼݺݳǰѹȥ
˵һʱ䣬ϢƵ˻ġ
Žоһɵôתۼ佫֧ͨŶ
ߣ΢΢һͼת۶ֱѹȥ
ŽĴֵͨƬ̣ջǷһ죬ֱӱˡ
ɱ
ȡ
ͼһݺѹ¡
ʱԪʵѾһ룬ΪŽȷʵͨͨɶʿȣʵǿûôöԸһսͷβ۷״̬ӭսԪĵĺܿ졣˿̣ͼĮٴʹͼϢøӿ£Ž֡

ҽһ˲ͼŹŽڰɫڹ𶯣ֱȥɢŽɶ˫Ѫ˿϶Ѫ̨ԵϵѪˮȾ˴ӡ
һ̣ŽʶͼشϢ˥䵽͹ȡ
Žܣˡ
૵
һʱ䣬䳡ϣŵӽסˡ
ȻͨųҲȫݣû뵽죬ʤ˹Ž
ĮгһŹŽȥ
ֻһһս
󡭡
ŽŤˣг˶һ̣ŽѸٸһ׺գۼȡһöѪɫ裬뵽С


573 ɱ
ŽʱĶЩ죬ֻѪɫһ˲䣬һɼΪǿĲɢ񱩵𶯣ϯ̨
ŽһԾٴվĶ죬źڵɱ⡣
⡭
ղѾ˴ûз˲Ŷԣڣô
ƺˣҡƺƺǱʼǿˣ
䳡У˽Աɫ
ڸղţŽѾ򵹣˶һĻʱ򣬹ŽϵϢ˥͹վ̫ܣڣֻתۼѣŽһƺȬˣĵԭɢĲ۷ʱǿ
ղţʲô
ĵ
ŽûʲôֻǰʩչͨӶѡ
ûʲôӣĶŹŽȵ㵱ǰ׳ϲµѪ굤ƷϵȼΣԶԵΪսƷҩʦҩɵ䣬ؼ䣬ûмֵҩʶġ
ʲôѪ굤ΪսҴȵҩ
Žֱ
⡭ô
֮ǰɻΪʲôת۾ͺˣϢøǿ𣿡
ǣǾʵ̫ˣ
˵
ģŽҪĶƿڴԼһʼñ˲ʹɱ󣬳Ҫʵսȴ̷ĵҩô˼ţĻȻỳɣȻ˵ˣǾһʵ
Žɫ΢䣬һڡǵʱԲСĴ۽ôһöһֱСĵղţΪʥս׼⵹Լûţֻǣκһ˿⣬һҪʥӣ֮ϣ
һսȻˣܣֱѪ굤ԼһҪɱ죡û뵽ǣȻһ۾ϳöңöЧȻҲ
Ҫ֪Ϊ˲ʶƣѪ굤߳ţԼرΪһλƷҩʦöƷҩʦȴûܵȻ˵֣˵ЧãʹʱܷģղŷµʱҲǲ⣬ʶơ
Ȼû뵽ǣһƷҩʦϲѪ굤죬ȴȻֻǴҴɨһ۾֪ô
˿ŽЦɭȻĶҲ֪˵Ѫ굤ʲôҷֻͨĵҩԼƵʩչͨı˵ʲôѪ굤һϵҲûУҲ֪Ѫ굤ʲô
Ž²⣬Ѫ굤˿ֻ̲һ۱˳ϳΣֻҪϣͿ޶֤ûҩѪ굤ڽɱͨһЩرֶŪƷҩʦ鲻𻯵ţֻƷҩʦЦӶĶ죺ڣǿʼˣԹݡ
Ž
һͳֱӴϹŽ˵Ļ
̨ϣɫ΢ŽµıȻˣʵ֪Ѫ굤ɵǣŽҲһ֣߼΢й׽һ˿Ž˼ά죬˵ľΪ棡
ˣ

䳡У˶һ漴̨ϵĹŽ
ڣ˵ĻҲ˵
˵ģ
⡭
ۡ
˵ĿⶼڹŽϣŽôҪ
ӭ˵ָָһ񣬹Žɫһһϣȴҧ첻ɿڣǿ򶨣˵Ҳ˼ǡ
ˣȥ
ȵ
Žק˫ȭ֪ѾûԼ˵ˣֻǫ́ȥʱøԹ͸죬һжĴѪ굤˾һ֪ͲöⳡԾʤˣУûѪ굤Υ棬ңѪ굤ȥɱ죡

Ž˻
ȺŹŽкܱģ˶ŹŽָָ㡣
Ҳ죬¶ףذЦףʤⳡȶ͹Ž󲿷𻯵ŵɶǶкøСôһŴٳɣ治ŵӺŵӶһж
ﬣ
ʱһ̶ֱնڹŽűߣնһѺۡ
վֻ̨ⷽûʸȥһվ̨ϣת̨ϵ񣺡ӦⳡԾŽĪϵɱοܷŹŽ¹ŽѪ굤󣬴˿̱ñȫʢʱڻǿҪսâ;âһ֯
⡭
ʲôѪ굤⡭ŽϵϢɱ۷ʱǿƺǿͨ찡죬⡭ô
̫ˣ
˽Աɫʱô˵Ļʵ̫ˣ
ҲⳡԾݣ
ŽҲڡ
ʱ䣬䳡һƬţʵ̲סûôҪˣ쿪˵ҪⳡԾеɫ壬ŽڽҪն£¿ɶΪıѾ¼ˣ쿪ں󣬾ȻҲſⳡԾ֪ܣʵŵ벻ݣоЩġ
ŽǿˣΪʲôܳɵһĵӣԭԴĲҪƸеӽԺү㿴ˣҪúѧϰһԿԳưʮ򣡡
ƵɲС䳡
Ҫ
ǣ
֪߳ôд𣿡
С
̨ϣŽȻЩǴ˿ȴһҲ⣬ֻǶĶ졣ⳡսҪҪɱ죡֮ɻ𻯵ŵʥӣЩԼˣһһǸѪĴۡ
ɱ
дͺ𣬹Žøӿ񱩣ǲڣֱӳ˹ȥеƷɽųɵâɱ⺧ˡ
СӣСģ
̲סе
ʱ򣬹ŽѪ굤󣬱۷״̬ʱҪ£ﵽͨ졣ȻֻǶʱڴﵽѪ굤ҩЧȥͻȥмĸãЩҪҪǣڵĹŽܿ£졣
ɱ
ŽĴ쳹̨ⷽ
ʱǿ̫ˣͬǳȼյĻ㡣
ӭϢǰĺڷĿ趯ȴǱˡ
ָ̧֣ϣÿָָ˶һɫСԾңÿС϶ӡԻضá


574 ̬ת
ŻָԾȻСȴȼգնΪ֮ŤΪصǣŻһ磬һ֮С
ɱ
Žڣͬǻɽ˰㣬ֽѹ
Ѫ굤壬˿̣ŽϣڣΪʱͨأ
וּһʮ⳯ն£ÿһǼΪˡ
⡭
̫ǿˣǰĿռ䡭ѿˣ
죬Ҫӭս⡭
䳡ܣ˽Ǳɫ
Žʱ򣬱ƽؼ۷״̬Ҫǿ
죬סſҪ
ŽЦ
УɫԾ졣
ŹŽĻɵ÷һЦڣ͹Ž˭ſû˵ʲôȻЦȴǺ䣬ָᵯʯʱһֱɹ⼤ֱֱĳŹŽɱȥ
һպ¡¡ɹˡ
׷
ŽȣΪѪ굤Ĺϵڴͨ죬ֻʱԵģ˿վǴͨأ۷ʱҪǿӭǰɱֱʯɹ⣬˿һҲ⣬ֱɽǰն¡
ͣ
һ죬ɱɹʱնķ顣
һжͽͣڵ̫ϻŽӶһȴǺݣһһӰȻֱӱƵǰȻҡ
ӡ
УŻ𶯣ǰڹŽؿڡ
Žһ㶣漴ЦΪûио˿ʹҲûио˿ȣڸ˵ҪȻҼӼ£ʵǡ㣿ͻȻŽϵĴЦͳˣңϵϢٽ͡
ô£
ŽϵϢͻȻٽˣ
Ҫú͸ղʱһˣ⡭죬ʲô
˽Ծ
̨ϣ¶ɫĶ֣Żء
ʼŵͼŻ湹ɵټʶˣܲ򵥣
Ĺ
̨ϣŽϵǿϢͬˮһȥתۼ˥͹ȣŭĶ죺ʲôΪʲôҵȥġ
飡
Įֱ̧֣һȭڹŽ򦣬Ž߿
˳һڹŽ彫Ҫ̨̨ӴʱǺݺһ߳ĹŽٴκɡֻһ˲䣬ֳڹŽߣֱӻӶ֣һȭŽ̨֮ϡ
飡
̧ȣݺ£ֱӲڹŽϡ
һԼ䣬бǶѵ
֡
飡
̧ȣ漴ٴκݺ¡
һţ¹Žؿڣʱ䣬߹Ƕѵ쳹ķռ䡣
ŽѪ굤Ϊʱ뵽ͨأȷʵǳǿǳ£ǣô壿ƷҩʦңǼ̳˾Ŵ֮һҩĴйžƷҩʦƿ൤ҪԵһո̷һöƷʿڵҩĨѵ£ӡܡ
ӡӡŹŽؿڴŽڣתۼ˹ŽڵѪ굤ҩҩ𣬹ŽϵϢȻ˥Ϊ˻صԭͨɵڶأϵҲú֮ǰһءʱ򣬹ŽҲǲɿݣҲ޷߶ˡ
ҡ
飡
һźݺݲ£йͷѵ
䳡ܣȺ㶡
Žְ֡ˣ
⡭ΰܵĺÿ죬֮ǰͨصΪƣôֱûˣ
죬
𺳡
̨ϣ콫ŽߵߵֱĹŽֱŽɳʱͣ漴һ̣וּһгһ߳űɱ⣬ֱӶŹŽն¡
˵վֻ̨ⷽһѡ
顣
ſ£Žĺ
Žͫ¶֮ɫһͨǣڸ㲻
ৣ
ʱƿ֮ϳ̨ϣסֽ֡
һ·ɡ
ӵ
ƾʲô
ɫһʤˣҪŹŽǣŽʤˣĽֻΣ
ƺ֪ʲôϵˣһᱣס
죬һɣָ顣
̨ϣڡ
ü΢΢˶٣ɨ۹Žǽ
ɱŽǣȻԿ飬ܲԷӣˣǷǳصģԷǶжңҲţһԵ޹ʵƫ̻ŽӦ֪ɡ
ʱ𣬸̨ϣһһЦվʣʣ𻯵Ųʮ֮ףڴȣʵñڴ۽硣˵⻰̨ϵ͹ŽɷڣҶˣ⡣
ʲô
䳡ϣ˶һȻҪͳ͹Ž
һʱ䣬˽
üҪԼ͹Žͳڣʱû⣬Ǹоŵ̬ȿʼˣֱǳƺϣġѡˡ˹ɵĸ߸ϡ
ڣ̨ϣڿЦ죬ŽɫţҪ󣬲ʰɣ
ȻЦҺ棬ˣ뽫ǴںࡣڣȴǶһɰԵںϲʣǸǸ򵥵⣬Ҿúʣ㽫ǽҲǺܺʡ
̨ǲЦǲǺʣˣˡͳԼɵŵ£ʷϻûгֹҲܿȺӣڡ
˼ǲˣ˫ۣڵġ
䣡
£𻯵⴫ĺض˶ζ
ǿ֯һ𣬲ӿʮӰ̤գ˷תۼһԲ״𻯵䳡ΧŵӽԱɫԼ䣬Щƺ뿪ͨ·ȫϣʹ䳡ŵӽԲЩЩˣҪʲô
վ̨ϣɨʮˣΪ֮ݣƬ⣺׵ŵˣʮ˸Ѫ񣬴ͨ쵽ͨɾ۷岻ȣʮӰУд˶źǰĻһϢҲ˵ʮ֮Удǽ׵ŵĳϣ
ƶĿ⣬һ߶ʱһ
ڶԷϣȻо˵Ĳ
ǿߣ
ͷһ


575 Σ
΢ͷʱһдǿţң۴һǶȿ߲ƣɨۣһаʮǿΧܣдƺڽ׵ţǴǿߣٰϢ൱
ڣЩȺзһŵ۵ߣɢŨһ߽׵۷ʦʹͷˣʮ˸ţ²⣬ŵĻڴ󣬿Ѿƻˡ
⡭
ô
ʲô
䳡ϣŵӶ΢΢ȫһɻָ̿С
ʮΧ䳡ܣĮ
ǣ
̨ϣɫȻ֪Щûк⡣
ʮɫ䵭κ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿٴԻڣʮһ𣬽ģΪʮһϣʱ˳ɫɭ࣬䳡Ͽա
Ҳʱ̨ϴЦ˶˼ڿն𣬳䳡̨ȥһڵ߸Ҳ̨ǵĲӿȥķǳȴգۼ̨ϡ
𻯵ŵˣţǵȻ輰ڣ̤ڵϣǿ벻̡ƣһŭʬΪ֮һԶĵǺ۸Ϊάڵϣգֻó֣𻯵Ŵʧ
ʲô
ڵɫұ䣬Ҫ𻯵ŴʧǲǣҪţ
š輰ڣֻǾܾ˽͹Žͳȥ
˾֡
ܣ䳡վŰʮˣͨ죬ʮ˴ͨ۷壬⣬иڡʵҪ𻯵ţԿĵ
ңҪǣҪ𻯵ʧˣڵˣڰ֮һϵ̵ȣʮ𻯵źҲԶԶ֮ϣڵ˳Ҫţ𻯵ỹмȥϣ
һŵӲǼУգȴҪȫ
ҲǱɫܴʼ𻯵ʱ֪˲żȻ𻯵ţۿ𻯵ŵĴȣӦʲô£ֻǣû뵽ǣҪ𻯵ţ
ĵԲͻȻҪţһʮ˿𻯵ڣҲԿһ׼˵£νġ輰ϡȻҲֻһֵĽڶѡ

ɱתۼͱ߱Ƶǰͬʱֲ֣ӺɰԶ
ŽԱߣͨɾصӱתۻɣͫײɵһ
̫ˣû˵ꡣϹЦɨ䳡ǵͳ񣬲ȴʴȣǱΪ֮ˣɱȫǻᡣУ洫ϵˣֻҪԸ𻯵ţͶڣȥһܱǿ
䣬䳡ڶǺݺһ󲿷˶¶ֻоҪѳ𻯵ţлĻᣬңֻ洫ӺͺĵӲеѡˣûлᣬֻ
̨ϣ̨ɫûа⣬ƺʱһУѾֻ֪ǣɫȻû⣬ʱȴЩ䣬ҲһĹ⣬վɫŨ
̧ͷ̨΢ٴɨ䳡ŵ洫Ӻͺĵӣʮʱ䣬ʮվڣԻšʮվˣط
䳡ϣնʱ쳣
洫ʮˣĵˣɫ΢ףסıãգ˳תĵ̨ϣվڵ󣺡гǣԲҡҲ˵һ߹ȥܿ죬洫ӺͺĵӶˣһٶȼ죬̨ϣ
𻯵೤ɫѿקȭͷ
̨ϣޱ飬ֻ
ʦģұصԶǵãԼ𻯵ŵĵӣ
ʱһ
̨ϣŽ˵壬첽ߵ
ʱ䣬Ⱥɫ
Ž
ȻҲ
Ѿһʥ˰
ڻʥǰѧ˲ȴ
޳ܣ
˴
𻯵ţ˶⣬ɹŽڻûгΪʥǰͱһȻһֱȫн֮һңڸղţʦӻսϾ¹ŽԿ飬ŹŽҪɱŽűס
˵ŶԹŽĶ£û𻯵žûĹŽ
ڣŽȴҲһţվ
̨ϣ̨ϣĿڹŽϣʼĸ֮ɫʧûзŭеģֻŨŨķ̡
Զӱˣ˿̶ŹŽĻڶ¡
ããЦоâ˸ԹŽǳ⡣̧ͷɨ漴ĿϣˣҲɣҿԸŸ˵Դգ
ŹŽһսʮ־ȡ죬ʾˣǻҲǷǷʶ󣬷ǳңչ˼żƵǸȡֻᣬңһֻܼһԼ侹չֲͬ򣬺ܾˣأ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼϡ
ƽ
Ųȥ
⡭
Ǹ죬Ҳ
Ͼ񣬶ң첻ǹŽŶ죬ûԹŽǰĴ¡
ҡͷ
Ʊɫ죬ô
̨ϣ죬дįֳʧ
úúã
̲סٴδЦ漴һ⡣
첽ƽܿǰ⡣
Ҳʱٶͻأ졣
ﬣ
̶Хг𶯣׹⽻ֱ֯ն
վŹŽ
ǣ
˶˽Աɫ
̨ϣɫٱ䣬įʧʧȡ֮һƬ財
Ƕݣæ֣˳ȥ
ٶȷǳ죬ѾҪնйŽȴվͷæӿֱеĽɺܾˣֱӽƷ̨Ϻ󣬵ŵŵŵ˳ԶȳһѪ
ϧˣֻһ㡣
̧֣ĨǵѪ


576 Ź
ѪֱɨŽǷ̡
һʼɱŽΪŽԵϵʱԹŽֻпֻ񣬴ûзŭڷŭڣһЩŭһֱеʥˣԿɱˣʱȴԥı𻯵ţվҪŵ

ĵ
Žɫʱ࣬ܿ죬бǻһĨѲ𻯵ţ𻯵󶼻ᱻ£Ҳֻ𻯵һѣкãɿʶʱΪܣҵѡû
ڵɫһͣ󣬸ޱȷŭȫڹŽϡ
Ҫ
޳ܶžȻһֱˣ

˴
ѶԼдµţվҪŵȴ˵дʣ
ŽߣɨһˣҹŽעҪ嵽ϲˣЩƽӹ֮˿ɱȣǣҲˣţҲû̫δҲһֻԽԽǿҵأ͸ø
ԣһڵӸӷŭ
úúã˵ĺãЦʿ͵ʿİԵʿĲᣡᣬᣡ˵ţ죬أղŵľٶҵʲôûзֻҪ𻯵ţڣҿԱ֤ܸ𻯵žԸԴǰ·һ˳
ûаɫû˵һ֡һԷƸǿͨ𻯵ʱΪն׵ŵһϣܺáˣôʱ𻯵ţ𻯵ţǱ죬ˡ
ţĮ
⣬Ǹ˴𰸣ʹɫʱ죬ܾˣ
ܾҵ룬𻯵ţЩʾĸ߷ڣ

ķ̡ƽԼʲô߷ڵˣȥκչʾֻ˵ԭ͵ߡλңжˮӿȪ죬˵գŹ
򵥵ƽ˿ȴ·ĺĳӣ˲ɵһ
ˮӿȪؼκ˶֪仰Ȼж٣ˡʱ̣ţܻõǰܽ޵·ߵĸ˳ûУѡŹ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼϣһʱ䣬ȴ˾ֺ;
еֻͳ羴
Сӣ˵ĺã
ƺ
𻯵ŵһڳ϶죬ж˸⡣
𻯵ڣ꣡
۴΢΢ȭûпˣǰɱٳɣȥʾеʶӦδ洫ȴٳɵĸǧ֣ǧ춯֡ʱٳȷʵǣȴǲΪλΪһŵŵӶˣһǰ;޵ĺĵˣ
ʱ죬ս˫ȭ;ֽʧЩˣų϶ŵӺŵӣûκѡֻܵȴʱǼ򵥶ƽĻȴȼڵѪ
ζһ־;ʲôãǣŹ
곤ŵӴ
ܿ죬ŵӿڣ֡Ź
һʱ䣬Ź쳹䳡
𻯵ŵһЩ΢΢Щ˽ߣÿһ꣬Ѿڣ죬ǵ񶼾˸꣬Լ򵥵ȼ˱ǾڵӵѪս⣡
ɫ׳첻ܾһŵӱòٿ־ѡҺ⣬ҲҺź죬䣺ҿ㣬ԭǰ̣ϧȴʶô
ʾˣԣľܾˣȻΪãǱֻΪɱĵһ仰Ӱһͬһ㳯ȥȻɱƵնͷ­
üȻ֪ԼľܾɱһҲ⡣
ǚiٺˣԲĶ֡

ͬһʱ䣬һӰǰһĳ
һֱӱ𿪣Զ
ֹסǚiͣ
죬лл㣬ллûʧ

ѺʱܿͿһˣʱ򣬿˵𻯵ţѡ£ûһԥܾ׳ͷѡŹܸж
˵ΪӦá˵ţԼɻ󣬵ֻΪʲôҪǣΪ֮һԵ޹ʶ𻯵ų֣Ҫ𻯵ţҿȥ̬ҲʵǺЩŹ֡
죬΢̧Ũӿȥˡ
ţɱŽ˵ˡ
㽲ι¡죬ܶǰ𻯵߽һţҰңʮһǴšһ꣬һ֮Ϊ״ӣϤϣĽ̵ҰҲûһʧõԽ̵Ϊĸ죬ʵøǿһ·߸ͽ
𻯵߽һкΪһ츳ڣŵţŵ洫洫ģ׷ҰңҰһ𻯵š𻯵ŶԣһλԻ͵£ҰǿưԵΪԣȻԸȫһȻûཻ̫ʣȴڵʱΪ˫Ϊ𻯵ڵ𾴣ʮš
ǲ֪ͷȥһȷ𻯵ʥӣ⣬ҰҺΪ֮䣬Ҳһսı¡һսܼңΪܵʱһͻȻ䷢һʹ¡
ӰϤĽ̵ĵҰңڶսʹ˿սĽΪȫʱҪȡʿıԴʱ֣ҰʩչʱϾĪһЩžӢӵıԴϢЩĪȥžӢǰбҰɱҰĲϡ
ǸʱһŭʹļףŹ棬ҪҰңȴǲ̣²֡ΪϤĽ̵һѾҰ缺ǣֻǷϵΪ֮𻯵šΪΪһʥӡ
ԭΪһп˶һţϧȴûСŵҰңûижһĲɱ֮飬Ǵ޾ԹޣԹ𻯵šò˵ҰҺţϵΪ󣬾ڼ̵ʱ·ȡøߵĳɾ͡
˵ţ̧ͷ


577 
ԣ˳Ŀȥʱһ
ǡҰң
̲ס
û˵ʲôֻͷ
ٴζݣܴǶУܹײµǵҰңǵõԳʱɻ̲סԾ֮һڣһȻ𻯵ŵĵӣ
⡭
ڵˣ
ô᣿
䳡ϣһŵ𺳣ʧɫ
ʮϲûκ⣬ֻ䣬ȻǶ֪¡
ǣǵʥսġ
ɲ˵ʲôįĵͷ
һһĨɫΪ¶įʲôһսʤˣʥ֮λҵģ϶ȴΪ˼ӵϵҵΪ𻯵ţӶʧߵ˵õʥ֮λڣ㾹Ȼ¶įı飿кοį
ɭ
һЦֻϴеɱϤĽ̵㣬㵱һ㣬ϣܳΪʥӣϣܼ̳һ֮λϣػ𻯵ţϣܴ𻯵ϸߵ·ڴ
㣬ȴΪнŵľӢһɱǵıԴΪϣ͸ϴġһ꣬೤϶Ҫ㣬޾ѹͶԱɱЩӢӵΣŹֻǽϳΪ𻯵š㣬֪ڸģжȴԹޣŻ֮»ص𻯵ţĶʦĶˣһ϶
ƽûзŭֻһįϴеֵ
Աߣĵȴ̲ŭ⡣һΪʦΪʥ˵ĻһֱãˡϴǰԴҰңҰҰɱŲپӢΪΪ೤ҪҪҰʱȴǶԶ޾ѹŶȥЩӢӵκֻϳҰҵΪ֮𻯵ţҰҼȥĻᡣ
Ǵ£ҰҲ飬ȴԹȡøߵĳɾͺػ𻯵ţȻҪϴѪţȻλ֮дͬһʦǡ϶ʹקȭͷҲϾƹ϶ϼһǣг⼸ʱǴŷĵ𾴣ֻǾñȽʦָУҰңȻһ


ɭɱⶢ졣
˵Ĳңڣеĳ֮ɫŨĿĹŽϣŽ𣿡
û˵ʲôֻĬĬͷ
ʥս󣬲֪ȥ˶꣬ϴλ̳ŵ̫ϳϵλãΪ𻯵µ̫ϳϣµţʮǰŽһ꣬Žʮ꣬Ӣ˲
䲻ͬǣŽ͵Ұ̫ˣһİԵһǿƣһ츳סѾ̫ϳϵϴϤйۿʱ˵񿴵˵ǸˣǸϵΪɵˡ
һ꣬һĺ˵ˣ빪ӳŽΪӣ豾ֻʥӣ̫ϳϵ˲ʸеĲ֡ϵ˵Ϊ̵ʦûн̺õӣʹõ;ԼĵӣĴ
һ˽ͬˣֲһЩ£˱ϵΪɣûгΪʥӣ֮ͬĹŽ뽫ŽΪһʥӣԴֲǱϵΪɵˡ
춯ݣŵҲǸһ
ʵϣ꣬˽һŽԺҺǣҪܾϴ󣬵ǣһĺ˵İʱնӦˣϴһѪȫ𻯵ţҪֲһЩȥܾܣǱûʲôֲұˣûоܾϴɣĳǶ˵ңȡϴ˵ĵλ
һ꣬߳ŽΪӣܲϲŽԸ񣬵ΪϴȴɻϤĽ̵ϴҪ崫ŽƷɽŽԼо鴫Ž
ʱţԸһģһŽֻǼ򵥵İԵѡǣľһԴбڹƽսƫ̻ѾǽڶΪһʥӣһ
̧ͷɨһ۹Žỵ̂ϧ֣ȴˡ
䳡ϣһŵһѹ֣ѹֻΣʱŻϻ߳ͽѹֹŽʥȴѾϰ񽣣ѹڹŽսʧʱԿŹŽԭһо˻£һУȫǿϴϡ
ԭǡ
ȻһЩͨҲ¶ݣڹŽ£Ȼ顣
䵭ɨŽеɫŨ
ɨ۹ŽĿϣػţһ۱㿴ΪһԸ񣬶ʵϣȷʵһһһĵӣΣʱԺԥĽʦԺԥĽϤڵŲڽ£ֻΪȫԼҴһʼͲ
ҷֳʶȥţԵꡣػ𻯵ʱңΪʲôĹעȶʮճΪһ𻯵ʥӵĹŽ࣬ڣˣҿصˣʱԲһиõǰ̵ȴԼȴѡվԱߣѡŹ
ŶĹŽԺ÷𣿡
Žһɫޱࡣ
ɫˣºŽ£Ǹ϶гΪҳţգһ˽Թ
ȭͷ˽Թ
ʲôԹ
һĵСˣ壬ȻҪ˽Թ
ԣҲ˵ϴ̫ɱ궥ž޴ѹŹ㣬ȥĻᣬȴǵõһ϶ĳƺȴǵõν˽Թ䱯ЦįΨһһЩοģֻһ㣬Ǿڼǰڼʱеʹ;Ϊصˣգ
⻰һ˽Աɫ
ϴһ𻯵̫ϳϣȻڼǰˣ
˵ʲôɫ϶ȻѾˣ
ҲǱɫŵ̫ϳϣȻڼǰ𣿣
꣬ϴ𻯵Ƶʮ֮ףϴڻʱѾﵽΡȻΪʹļףѻվ۳ħ˥߶ԭԣгǧԪ
лһĨĿٴʱ񳹵ױϴһѪţȴ𻯵Ż֮ѣҲֲãգΪ»š
Ż٣Ҳضն㣡
䣡
ǿڳƬضڲŨĵĲ
һʱ䣬˽ԺȻ

ɫ


578 һ
ǿĲɢʮڳʱ䳡˽Աɫһ̣˶о˵Ĳһ̣·һᱮվǰȴһңԶĸоһָߴһΰ
⡭ǡ
Ȼ
磿ڴ
һļ¡
ȻʮҲɫȻʮǿ֮ǰ֪¡
ãΪã
ϼ
ʮţǴͨɾΣȴѾﵽ˴
ڣʵԶʮţֻǵ̱ʮǿ࣬ǿߺͨǿ߱ʮŶ࣬ȴҲֻͨɾѣ񣬼ϴ֮Ϊһٴδһ漣
һʮ֮֮Ψ𻯵ŵ˴ڴ
Դ˶Աȣһҫһֽ
䳡ܣ׵źΧͨɾǿǶݣǴâĶеɱһӶ
ɫ˼֣˴ôܣ
иֳŭ⣬¿·żȻڣŬƾԼ츳ΪڵʥӣΪڵﵽͨɾ۷壬ȴ룬ˣ˴
ܣ֪ҲзѪ굤Ľɵҩ
ȵ
⻰һ˶һʶ
Ҳ𻯵ŵ콾ӣ𻯵ŵжͨж似͹ӦúɡЩ֮꣬ɢңΪ𣿡һЦǿĲɢǸطе뷨ȫѧˣԣҴﵽ˴
ʲô

⡭
䳡ϣŵӽԱɫ
һЩ֮ǰظʱˣ˿ȫ¶֮ɫֻظʱҵӣȴǲ뵽һֱѧϰһ̣뵽ˣǹңǰʱ伸ϣȴʱ䣬ûȥԼԲؤһӡ
ҲǶݣԭȥԭΪеȫѧˣ𺳡ҲˣΪʲô˵֣ͨ˵׼ȷλãԭȫ
Ŭ
һֱԼѾŬˣܿ̿࣬ûм˿ɱȣǴ˿ȴɵͷһŬӿ̿࣡뵽һҹ˶ϢʱȴڣĬĬڵͨط
ĵȷȷһֵصˣ۴һ㣡
ˣȵһĨɫ͹ŽһģһﵽΣʱǴﵽ϶ţ϶ˣﵽֻһʿѣ𻯵ŵûб䣬ҵļƻûκγͻգ𻯵ҪҵУ
䳡ϣŵӸոļ˲䱻ƣȷʵûб䡣
̣ȷʵļƻûκγͻǣںܼʣܲƽܲʣΪһֱǿ󣬾õһ𻯵ڵУûκܹȵ㣬ڼںôΪڣվطȴǷֺ㴦ͬһʱǸңԶԶ㣬˽ŵףĺ͸߰һܵ޴Ĵ𣿡
ձЩŤͷֱǿֲĻ档
׵ŵţ𻯵źټһɱ꣬𻯵ɵĵ̽ǣĶȵڣɱطȫɱɾһˣѸٵɱ
ȭ׽׵ΪθһˣԭҰҾȻŵ𻯵ź󣬽𻯵ĳɵĵ̽׵ţ׷ӵɡ𻯵ŵɵ̰ͬĽ׵Ŷԣȷʵһջ
ţڲȫ֪飬ֻ㵥ѣ
˵
Ҫ𻯵ţҰҾͲȥҽ׵ˡڵǿߣȻҲҰҵ֮λ󣬰ġ
ĻûκӦȻҲͲµˡ
ҰΣ𻯵źҴ𻯵ŵĵ̣ʮţڻдôֻˡڣ𻯵ţΣˣˣ俪ڣҰұң֮վڣ
ɱ
Ұ֣նں
ʱ䳡ܣâ貣׵ŵͨɾǿȫ֣ɱ
Ƭ̼ѣҽһƬ
վ䳡ˣ󲿷ֶͨӣͨɾǿ߹ɱֵܹˣѣһѪ䳡ըȱֱۣбɵͷ­ȾѪعǣһضǣʹطתۼ仯˼

гĿѡ
𻯵ʮȫɱκΣ׵ŵʮϾҲȫˣһҲ˼ͨ۷弶Ĵڣһϸǣѹʮˡ
εͨʿ𻯵Ÿûа취Ľ׵źڵȣԷĶͨ죬𻯵ţͨȴǴ󲿷ֶͨɳںͨɵڶأ޷ս
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪƮɢм𻯵ŵͨϱɱ
ƣȫһ浹𻯵ţҰҴˡ
ңʱҰһһЩǿֻ߲֣ǵĮĿš

ҽص쳹ķ
ŵӵѪڷűȼŹҲȷʵôǣȴû˿־Ҳ޷ڸǡʱԺոĽ׵źڵǿǣֻͨܲ
սȭͷЩûٺϵɴ˿̣ɷŭ
΢ʹı˫ۣЩˣ𻯵ŵĵӣ˵Ĳ£Ǵ˿̣ЩˣȴһڵУԼŵ䳡ɱۣ˫۳ױɱ֣ɱ
Ĵڡ
һ
Զ׵Ǵ߿ǰȥ·
ͬһʱ䣬һطͨɰǿ߿תɱǰ

һˣ˲Ϣǰֱһˡ
û˿⣬۵һͨɰǿը
۴ϺҲȣֻǱЩ˿̳Աߡ
û¾ͺã
۴ϵ
ǰλϣǲòսƴһУͳȥ
۴Ϻӽһ漴صĵͷǰֵ꣬ô
ͫһƴһȥ
죬ҼˣΪ츳ΪǿֻΪ졣ģܸܹʶ㣬ϣܻȥŽ𣬲Žؽ𻯵ţֻҪžͺãֻҪȥ͹ˡ

۴ϺվһߣĿȫϡ
ͷ΢ű𣬲ؽ𻯵ţֻҪԼžͺã
Ļж
һɷ⿪ʮ룬һá


579 ʮ
΢ɣ㣬ʲô˼
ĻЩ⡣֪ŵµʮţΪ˶֪Էֹйڵʢ˥ɣһʲô˼
Աߣ۴ϺҲɻ󣬲֪ʱ˵ʲô
һս

˶üɲ˽⣬죬뿪ڵľŵûʲôϣҺܸлûзţܸлֱʱҲսǣŽо仰˵Ĳ벻£ŶᱻҲֻһѣֻƾ״һڣ뿪
ҡͷλңжңҵҲôܶһ뿪ǲʣǲ塣ΪΪţԸһս޻ڡ˵ţ貾âҡҲң
һ𣬲ɵý˽˫ȭԱߣ۴ϺҲһΪΪţԸһս޻ڡˣһܸж
ȷ
졣
ܼᶨᶨжپܾ־
ȷͷ⿪ʮֻǣʮܻᱻٵһ𻯵ŵܴܵӰ졣
ٵһΣֻҪãȫٵкη
ҪʲôʱҲûʱȥʡ
Ҫǣ졣
һֽ̧̣ӡһȦ⻪γһ֣𻯵
ӡѿ

һĨâŵ֣ٶȣɿûصס
ƽ֯ǰ׵źڵͨǿո𻯵ڵӵ𻯵ͨϺŭƴȫֵϧȴסһ𻯵ŵӲѪȾ䳡ҰЦЦ泩ޱȣŽޱ飬дŷɫ
ûصףһƬ磬ʮʣÿһǧɳ
һ̣ʮʧˡ
оˣ
貣ԡ
̨ⷽϣȺݺһ̤̼䣬䳡
໣
Ƶ쳹ʮʮͷ䳡³ÿһͷʮɳʮͷ˵еԻأʮ˫޴ӴأԺպ
һ˲䣬䳡ϣ˽һ볯
ǣ
ʮͷܣÿһͷǿֲ嫣ȻһЩͨɾ۷ǿҲһȻһɾ޴ѹ
ϵ˿̣Ҳ𺳡ΪǿڣоʮͷĿ£Ȼ˵ûʲôѹǣڴ֮£Իһʿˡ
߿ϣ׵ŵĴǿȻҲǶݣʮ
䣡
ռ𶯣һɹ쫷Ϊģܾ
վ̨ϣƫͷ䳡һ
ŲһΣӰʧ˲Ϣ뿪̨
ͬʱ̶쳹ʮͷƾն񷡣
һ̣Ӱߡ˿̣ƻѪ˵ķǳء
û°ɣ
ʵ
𺳵죬ʱʮܡ
Сӣǣ
ľסˣǰһĻ̫ˡ
ʮͷʮɵĴƵŵ̫ˣǴ˵еһ㡣
һЦƫͷ̱࣬ú䡣
վŽ׵һͨǿߣˣһشơ
໣
죬һͷ£˲佫û
۵һѪը׵ͨǿ䣬ʣ
ǣ
ôᣡ
ֻһͣ͡
ͨǿ߱ɫ
Աߣ𻯵һЩ𺳣ͬһЩϺҲݡ
Щĵط׵ŵĴɫ䣬һصСʿôͻȻչֳôµȻ˲һͨǿߣ
ʲô
һ
̨ϣҰ絶ķ
Ұ󣬹Žɫʱչֵ˲ɱͨǿߣ
ƫͷɨƬȾѪ䳡һ߾߲ʬɢҵķֲܣЩˣû̫ϵȴͬšƶĿ⣬̨ϵҰңҰĹŽ̧ͷߴĽ׵ŵĴߡ
񣬺䡣
ĺܲпᡣ
ˣˡˣ
˵
µ˲䣬ŵ׵ĵٴ𶯣ԵøӴ̶̶ǳ
໣
ʮһ壬ܳȥ׵ŵһЩͨɾǿߡ
׵һͨ۷ǿ䣬һʿȻͼɱˣΪġ
໣
̶תۼ䣬һͷ˹
㡭
ۣ
ֱӽͨ۷ǿ븹У漴ڡ
⣿
һ
ôܣ
뾪
һصʿôͻȻôǿȻɱͨ˺
Įŵ˸
໣
ģʱʮͷƵĪıȽϽĽ׵ŵĸͨͨǿײķѣѪˮգһƬĿ
Ⱥ𺳣תۼѣ׵žͨǿ
˲䱻ɱ
⡭ô
𻯵һڵӶǰһĻӰǼ

һɾӲ£׵ŵĴ߿ն졣
죬Ȼתۼɱ˽׵ͨɾǿߣʧʵ̫ˣ
㣡
Я֮ѹ׵ǿ¡
ӿ񺣷ֻǣǰңϵϢøһɴƽ
̧ͷ漴ƫͷҰҵķ
죬ٴҳԾˣȻ֪ʲôǣܹоĵ𻯵ţܹᱻΪ˿̵㣬˿ɼ֮˵
𣬴εļֱǿƽЩ棬ǲܽȫɱ֮עһ㣬׵ŵ˲⣬ɱɱڵˣȴҰ⣬ҪɱٶŵĵǶ־Ϳɡ
һĨâ漴ĬĬͷ
ʲôţڵ˼ֻҰ˽ﱨѣԲ˽׵һڸһЩǿߣӦֻǱҰΪԭɱõѡ
ʮͨɾǿڽʮȫɱº󾡹ҲпŭϾʮͨǿߣһɺǿȫɱȻڵڣҲԳܵˡǸʱһŭƱػŴµѡ
ҰңԷȻһȴԭҲ𻯵ŵĵӣ˽Яǿ𻯵ţڵһ̫ϳϺʹ󲿷ϣѾڵڹ棬ҲǲݣֻɱҰһˣŹϮڵʮǿߣʱԶ˵ʲô
ڽ׵ŵˣ⣬ͬΪʮţ𻯵Ųù˼ɽ׵ţ
ˡ
ĿƿҰҺ͹Ž
ɱ⣬˿Σ


580 
ʮ쳤Хײ鼸ǿߺ·ɻأߡ
ܱ䣬飬̨ϵҰҺ͹Ž
СһЩˡ
Ƶ
жһö˱ݸƣƫͷ䳡⡣
ŵסѩҹӦǰȫģϾŴȣ˶䳡ҰҶˣҲǶⷽ䳡Χڡ
ٴƫͷ̨
໣
ŵƽ֯ʮͷƵǿ
ŲһΣ˲̨ϣһͷҰҡ
ˣ̫ſˣ
ҰԱߣ߱ӿԵúĮ
ˣԴͨ۷塣


Ųƽȣͷ嫣ѹͨǿߡ
ͷƵŵ̫ǿ̼ѣֱӱײɳȥ
㡭
˶ݣĿɫţѹͷ֯ŵ̫ˣǿǣڽӴһ˲䣬ȻҲһУ·һǿߡ
һĻ˽Ծ𻯵ŵˣǽ׵źڵˣһ̣˶סˣͨ۷ǿߣҲס˿̵죡
úúã
ЦϵϢͻأϯʮԸǿĴѹ׵ŵĴǿߡ
λɱ
𻯵ϴ
ʱ򣬷ŭˣǱľϲ˶ˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
̼䣬ڶ೤Ϣս쭡
ɢһʱ䣬֯ʮ
̨ϣŵӣŲֻһͿ絽Ұǰ
ĮһĴֱӳҰײȥ
ҰߣӱˣǿܱΪһˣʵȻ˿̵Ȼܹǿ󣬵ôܻη塣
ˣ
һܴ𣬳Ŵӭȥͷֵ
ˣĳֹǺƾȳ̶ȣ
ҰĮһ̱Ǳɫ
໣
𶯣ͷ
һʱ䣬ͷһÿһͷʮɳ˫Ϻպա
㡭
飡
βĽҰҵܳ飬ҰҸǱˣЩ
ʱ䣬ҰҵɫһƬ࣬Ȼһʿˣ
ûж˵ʲôûбɱȥҰҺ֮ǰվҰ𻯵ŵһЩ洫Ӻͺĵӣ˿ȫ¶˳סһˡ
Ž
죬㡭
Ŵ˿̵죬ŽЩ壬ˡ
ӱ䣬һУ˸
ɱ
ɱ
ң
𻯵гϺ͵
ߣקȭͷԻ죬ɱһʼԹŽԸϲϴ£ǳŽΪӣЩҲϤĽ̵ǹŽʦŽ޳ӣŵĶڽŵףôܻ᲻ŭ
춢ŹŽгɭ˸
ŽеĶ͸߰ʧˣ־ֿ֣΢ҪɱңſǼʱĿ£ɱͨǿ߶˺һ򵥣Ǵȫʢ״̬¶ܵסο
ɱ㣬֣

Žһɱ֣۵һĨɫ͸죬˿ֻ̣ŻţֻҪܻžͺãֻҪȥҪս˫ȭҧԣɱֻ֣ԣ
ۣ
ϯն¹Žͷ­
ѪĽɣŽʬ嵹£ͷ­ڲԶͫš
úúãɱĺã
ӺȵŽϤˣŵĳ裬ڱնɱЦЦĺܳ죬Ҳ˸У񱩵ڽսеĵˡ
һЩ𻯵ŵӣҲǾý˶𣺡ɱĺã
̨ϣЩǰĺ͹ŽվһˣЩԭҲŵӣ洫Ӻͺĵӣ֮ǰ𻯵ţվҰЩˣû˵ʲôƫͷҰң粽ȥ
ЩǸʱѡ𻯵ţȻǲ岻ңȴҲ޿ɺǣֻŶѡһվƬ̨Ե䳡ϵһ߾ŵӵʬѪˮȾ˴Ƭ棬˶ĺҡ
һƣӽŵûصףʮ
𣡡
ͳ
Ȳ̨ϣ΢΢һ𣬶ʱ䣬䳡ٴ𶯡
쳹Ƭ䳡һΣоʮͷ𣬾ûʼʮͷǿ󣬵ȴҲǺܾˣÿһͷʮҡ
⣡
ô£⵽ʲôֶΣ
̼䣬׵źڵ˽Աɫĳ棬ʵ̫ˡ
𻯵һǾϲ
ɱ
³һ֡
ʱ䣬³ľʮͷ˻񷣬Ž׵һ˳ȥ
ҵȡ
ۣ
һͨصĽǿߴȣ˲㱻ͷƶϣը
ͬһʱ䣬һЩ׵ǿ˴ѣԱͷƶϡʱɱĽ׵ǿߺǿ߶סˣʱѾûȥɱŵĵӣЩ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһ׵Ⱥмǿը
ðã
ɱ
ɱ
𻯵ڳϴʮһɱϡ
վ̨ϣоâ˸ŵ£иƳصס
ƫͷҰңһֱӱ˹ȥ
Χն
Ұҿ˿̵ĹŹ֣ˣһɱ
ʱ䣬ʮ˳Уĸͨ۷ǿߡ
ЩˣĮɱȴûɱ֡ɱ׵ŵ˲ҪɱҰҲûʲôҪǽ˵ʮȫɱǱпŭŴѡ

ĵ
£صٴδ
ɽص𻯵źһֱѾֽ٣ʮ⣬ɵµΪãƿȫ
һһʮͷâʢƸǿǰХĽʮȫ𿪡
⣿
ʮɫ
ԶҲ𺳡
̫ǿˣ
ƣ֮£˭ܵס
ҰɫĶ죬ôôܱһСʿƻԲܣ󣡡ƫͷԶվһߣԺͷ˫ֽӡʱ䣬ܼԻ
ɱ⣬֮֯𻯵ӺͳϸǱɫ
һĨ⣬ҰʼѾдŵһЩѰܱߣ׵һ˳֣ȴǲЩ˹֪ɳЩ˶ɱˣûһš
ҲʱоڴٻӦƻˣµҰǿĿʦֻǣû뵽ǣҰҾǿʦƻ˻ڴ󣬻ӡɱ󣡴˿̣ɱԻǵܼɱüͷ
Щɱƣһвȴǿߣɱͨǿȴ
ʱһ
ƫͷԶĵߣ߽׿ʦΪҺˣ
䣡
һδԵ·ĵص׳ٶȿ쵽㣬˲ա
ߴʧɫһñֱĶȻ׼˵ģңٶʵ̫ˣûз£ܲˣȡ
ۣ
󽣺գſնһе˲佫߻ķѡ
ɲǶѣܼƱðɢɱҲʧӰ١


581 
ڽ׵źɱʱע⵽˵߽׿ʦĴڣҲµ𻯵ŵĻڴпܱƻˣ뵽˶Էܻ᲼һµĴԣʮͰе֮۳һδ󽣣ۿʦ·ڴ˿̶Է߶ӡʱϼ·δ󽣡ʱյķǳãԷֵס
˵ףԷĿˮ׼Ȼܾˣվֻһͨʿ
Ѫˮ䳡ϡ
ҰҶŵ۵߽۷ʦ˼Ĵģ񣬶ԷӡµɱûͱնˣŭĲУһ˺ɱȽɱ
䳡϶ʱһϣж֯ɱ㲻Ρ
һ˲䣬׵˵Уͨɰ۷ʿ˹ȥ
˹չͨƵɱ⣬ѹ졣
ǣ

֮ڶ䳡𶯣ܼδ󽣳罣Ȫӿϡ
͵֯תۼ䣬˼Ĵ֮ͨȫδն顣
ǣ
ļ¡
ﬣ
̶ŵףһɢǣص׵֮ӿϡЩ֮£۳δ󽣣ϰٵĳնȥ
ۣ
תۼ䣬һ˱նķѣѪȾ񷡣
˽ͷƤһ飬о˾޴вһ˴ˣ
˵𣡡

ڣ𻯵µʮ⣬𻯵ŶƿУ˵𻯵Ŷ򣬴֮£޾κˣɱһС
ﬣ
̶˺˵ĹУδ󽣳Щδ󽣱նɱ߽׿ʦǱҪ˲٣ȴʤܶ࣬˷ˡ
ҽУһ˱ᴩؿڣڿѪ۵ıնͷ­
㡭
˾ˣȴӵõ˲䱻νû
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫը
ͨɰǿߣȻת۾ͱ
죬ʲô
ʲôǵþˣǵţƺƺñٵˣ
ʱɱ˶ٳɣɱԴǧ֣꣬ŵľ
죡
ŵӼ
೤Ҳϲѡ

һŭԲ£ޱȿµĲͻأ䳡֮ϡ
߿У׵ŵĴǿŭɱ׵ʮͨɾǿߣ˿һһν׶˳ν׶ܽ֯һƺĻ棬ʼһ֣ʱϯ˷Ťһռ䡣
Ʒ
˱ɫ¶ݡ
׵ŵĴǿߣȻԼŵǿƷ˳

׵ŵĴǿߴȣͷν׶նһ׶⣬ᴩͷ­
Ϊֻ׵е
ߡ
һһǿһ𻯵ŵǿֻ̣ߣȴܿ컯һײѹĵ׶⡣˫ֽӡӭϣν׶ײȥ
ڵײյ飬䳡ˣ֩쿪ȥ
쳯Ǳۣ漴ƫͷһ
վҰҡ
粽ϣһԶ
໣
أʮͷϣÿһͷʮɳ嫾ˡ
С
Ұŭס
һҲ飬ֱӳԣһŶԷնȥ
˵£Щºûκιϵɸоŭ
ϴǰҰңȫ֮һ㣬ҰҰɱžӢΪʱ˶ҪҰʱȴǶԳĪѹͶȥľӢǵΣֻϵҰΪ֮𻯵ţȥĻᣬȴԼԲҰңԼûн̵ã˲ŵҰ;
ڷֺҰƵĹŽʱλϴ㾡ȫ߳չŽΪͽϤĽ̵ȻˣȴɻǾѰħ˥߶һˣҰǺεȶ飿ȻҲ˰ɣ
ɾˣҰȴһҲжֻԼϵΪԹϴԹ𻯵ţ縸װϴΪ϶ҪϴȫѪ𻯵ŻǺ
ʣ壡ңТ㻹»صͲǴ𣡡
ȵ
ʮ𶯣𣬳Ұҳȥ
˿ֲۼһ𣬶ʱҰҳĺɣڿоʹڿѪ

˱ɫٳ߳
ĸͨ۷徳ǿߣ˫ԶԶʩչͨնȥ
ҹ

һͷɨβĸǿȫɨɳȥ
Ųӣ䣬ٴѹҰҡ
ҰҼƷΪһƷɽնɱȥɫЩ࣬ԼڵˣͨɾǿߣȻһʿˣ
ƷҲУңǿ
컰顣
ʯԻ԰Ϣ߶ʱʹʯâʢǿ㣬ҰҼƷɽ֮ѹ£һνҰɨĺɡ
ûͣٴο粽Ұҡ
ֻΪǣ𻯵ŵʮ񾡿ƿأ֮£޾κˣκһսͨ۷ĳǿߣ˿̣ط£Ҳ㲻ʲô
ۣ
飡
飡
һһΣҰĺɣѪȾա
Ķ
סΣҰҳʱȾѪͷɢˣҲûʼҪʱִݺ͵⣬дһһѪâͻأڳϵϢ˽Ծ
𻯵Ųٳߣʱɫ˿ҰϵϢƺԼ䳬ͨɲΣﵽһ߶ȡ
Լ
죬Ұҵͬһ㣬ŭɭɭ淭
һǿɢʮԼ䣬Ȼ΢ĵӿ˳
˱ɫ벽
߿ϣ·ɫҲǶݣ죬пսĽҪӲ˵ţ𿪽׵ŵĴǿߣ߿ҰսȻ֪˿ҰΪͻȻôǿҲҰǵȽж£ܲȱĺȴǷǳˡ
ã

ǰ粽ĮȻҰҴ˿̿Ȱ벽ǿߣȴҲ˿޾塣
ƽˣһ֣˼ѵˣڶ֣治ТˡҰңĮ𻯵ţѣ𾴣ĶʦΪ϶ңʣȴ磡
ݺһ̤棬̼䣬̶
һ̣𻯵𶯣һͷɵ˶ͷأҰҡ


582 նɱ
ɳĴնͷ­ľˣһ˫ӱȵҪĸҰңһͬʵƵҰҲɵͲ
һ˲䣬˶ɫ
ɳľͷܺƵŵʵ̫ھˡ
һ̣˶ͣȻͽ׵ŵĴҲˣ˼нǸ֮ɫ
㡭
Ұͫ׽ʩչ˽˿̿Ȱ벽ǿߣɵĴȴһĲĸоǷ·㣡
ǰ˫۱ĮȻﵽ벽ΣһҪ
ƿʮ𻯵Ŷ򣬴֮£޵еģ
һʱ䣬ɵĴѹʮҰѹȥ
ѹֻ˲䣬Ŀռ俦ı顣
ͷ˴
Ϊ࣡
ҰҴ԰벽ʵ߶ڵһǿͨһʱ䣬ɱ⣬޵Ĵ˷ɴӭȥ
ϧá
͵һеɱȫ顣
𶯣̼佫ҰұɣڿоʹڿѪй
䵭ɴٴӭȥ

ǿɫȫ˹ʩչͨɱȥ
䣬ɨЩһۡ
໣
̶ȳʮͷХӭЩˡ
˲ϢѣЩ뷭ɣǹȥʮԶ
⡭
ǿ̫ǿˣǿ⣬˭棿
죡
һŵק˫ȭıӰǼͳ羴
ҰŭסӰĶ죺Һ£ĶҰǺϢȫûһ֮Ӧеķ緶һ̣ʵǺ͸죬𻯵ţһжƻˣȫ׼ӦþԳɹ𻯵׸ŶԣȴƻһУ
䣡
񱩵ĲĴøŨ
ǰһɳĴҰҺݺѹ£ͬһʱ䣬ȳʮͷɻأҲһǰѹȥĶ㣡
໣
죬ɵĴǰʮͷʮɴں󣬽ҰҳΧ
ɱ
³һ֡
̼䣬ʮġɱٶĵҰѹȥ
ϴ£û˿ϵǣһҪйϵŭͬڴϿ˶裬Ը׳֣£κһϣӦöоŭãһˣТ֮һֶ˵ûʸϡҰңʾˣˡ
⣬һܺãλΪɱ˽׵һϣ˴𻯵Ȼ˹СҰ𻯵ţ֪𻯵ŵӣŭǸǿ
ʮͷ£գҰҸǡ

ҽڵһʱ䴫ҰҾԽǿнʵȰ벽ˮ׼ʮͷ£ȴɲǶ֡һʮͷĹɱºɶӶˣѪˮȾȫͷɢĸҡ
Įŵ˸ʮͷ붯
໣
ʮͷ˷һɱϡ
УȳʮͷɱͨɰǿߣǳɳĴԴ۶۵һһܹˣ̼ѣҰٴκɣһֱֱӱ顣

ʮɫһ֣ȫ˹
ĮڵٴһһƬɹγһŭˡ
飡
飡
飡
ͨ۷ǿڣڳʮȫĺɳȥ
ûЩˣĿҰϣƹâʢ
໣
ʮͷһһͷɳԻؼ䡣
˴ͽ׵ŵĴǿ߶һһ˿ѹ
һ̣׵ŵĴǿ߻ع䳡ȵֹ
ͷ̫£˿̵ҰҾԵֵˡ
ǿ߱Ұҵķ
ȥ
ȵâʢ׵ŵ¡
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʮһٴγ죬ܱ֯øӿ¡
ˣ

ص׵ʮƸǿҵ˸𻯵ٴ𶯣ʮͷ𣬻ܣһ˵ȫ
Ұңں϶ɵĳɵľ޴һ硣
һʱ䣬˵Ŀȫ˹
죬ɱ
𻯵ŵĳ裬ΪŸȫϴħն
ΪȥͬǱ𣡡
һ
Щ𻯵˵ʮϣʮͨϣһ𻯵ŵӣһ̣˵ĿȫߣҰϣˣȫսȭͷϣűʹŷŭųޡ
лȻ貾âһ쳹ɱ
໣
ɳľ޴ʸ£̼佫Ұû
Ұһֵ̿ĴֶξȻȴֵס
ۣ
һѪըҰұ飬
һ˲䣬ض·ʧȥɡ
ʮͨǿ߸ˣڵȻնˡ
𻯵һ纣˰Ц
ɱˣɱˣ
ɱĺã
ĶڵõӦе³
һһ˸ó졣
۵˸ŵ£ˡ
ķĹ
ôĹǡɱڵˣ
׵ŵĴ־ŭ
ƫͷȥ۵׺䣬ţֱӳѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ƫͷҲǺ˸
𣡡
ɳɱҰҺѾɢ䳡ϣŵ˸̼䣬ܼδ󽣳ٵͬʵ󽣰ɭ˸
ɱ
һִƮδ󽣺գವĳǰᴩ񷡣
ȫ׼˽׵ŵһˣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
δ̫ǿ̫࣬һ̣׵ŵһ˴ѣֻתۼѣ߸ͨǿ߱ն飬ܼδ֮£
ﬣ
ʵԵĽХܼδ˺գն׵ÿһˡ
ʱطδ󽣸ǡ
Ҳϣ
ɱ
նȫ
𻯵ŵϺǿͨǺȵδһɱϡһ̣˶ֻɱ׵ŵˣڵ˶֣ȻЩ˶Ѿõָʾ֪ɱڵ˲á


583 ȫ
ܽ֯ʮһ̣𻯵ڣսͨǿߣȫɱ׵һˡ̼䣬ɱӿ羪κˡ
һ̣ΪĹϵ𻯵һǿ߽Ǵһƣս
໣
صŵ˸һͷͷ𣬺ľϡ
תۼ䣬׵űѣײ飬Ĳ
ɱ
𻯵ʮͨǿߴ𣬸жɱ⣬ָǺ顣
ڽ׵˵˶ԣ˿̣һѡ
ǡ
ͨ۷Ľ׵ŵɫ࣬ٺˡ˵Ķ𻯵ŵһϣԭ˵ʵڲ֮䣬ɴ˿̣𻯵ϵȴȫѹ˽׵ŵϣĴˡ
ﬣ
ʱ̶Х
䳡ϣƿ𻯵ʮƿȫȻҲڶ˵棬һ̴߶ʮδ󽣣׵ŵϡ
׵ɫ䣬ձųϱˣܲʮ
ס
ۣ
Ѫը׵ֱӱնķѣ䳡
ã
֮ǰ˶սϿЦŲһΣһ
춢ȫûصףǣ֮⣬۳ɴ
ﬣ
໣
϶Х䳡


ģ㡭
ҽк;ŭʱʱصһѪը
۵Ǹǿߣ׵һʮ𻯵ţʱʮ߸ǿУȴжʮ˱նɱͨ۷ϣʹý׵ŵĴǿ־ŭֹסĲ
Ϊ׵һ̫ϳϣҰΪҰҳŵź󣬽Žĵʹ˺ĶټҰ֮һڵˣӦҰҵҪ󣬱ǿԺڽáңҰһߴһλ߽۷Ŀʦƻ𻯵ŵĻڴˣֻҪǿߣô𻯵ż˵ǾԵ¡
ԣȻӦˣǣ׵ŵĽȫǿߣ׵ŵƷν׶Ҳ˳ֻ𻯵źȡ𻯵ŵĽ̡
񣬽ȴˣ
ʮǿߣתۼ䣬˴룡
ͬڴ˵һȴֻҰһ˱ɱŵˣǸڵ˶֣

׵ŵ̫ϳŭ۾ˣĿѡ


â貣׵ŵν׶Ž׵̫ϳѹȥ
׵̫ϳŭչӿռ䶼Ť
䣡
Ǵǿߵ棬еֲ֯ޱȣη
䳡ϣ̧ͷȥӵĮһ棬ʮͷնϣߣɱ׵ŵ̫ϳϡ
С
׵ŵ̫ϳ죬˻
˵棬ȫɡ
϶
Ӧ
ʱ׵ŵˣ۸ѩҹŵˣڿƵɱǡһĳϣ֪ƵģȴҲǵߵڰףҪ
ŵ̫ϳϸ𻯵ţҰҸԶȡ𻯵ۻôĵ̣ɱ𻯵ŵͬŵӣһһΣȻʹԽ׵ԽԽŭɱ纣
ٴһرĴԻܼδ󽣳϶
ˣһҲ뿪

𶯣쳹ϰ˻ģδһ𣬷ɱ׵ˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһը̼ѣ׵űͨɾǿ߱նɱ
ȥһµĳһ̣䳡žʮͷƣÿһͷʮɣʮͬһʱ䣬ٵδݺύÿһаɳ֯ʵʰ⣬罣ɱ׵ŵˡ

ҽлصޱȴ̶
Ѫͬһ£סˡ
ʮǿѾҰұնɱʵлعԭһŭӣһȴǸȫסˣڣ̲ס΢΢ʵǰĳ̫ˣֱǴĵնһС
һʱ䣬ʮˣûһٸҶ֣ɫ԰׵ǰ

ҽв׵ʮ˻̿־塣
ɱ
𻯵ŵǺǿͨ𣬸սʩչĴɱ׵ŵһˣּ顣
ۣ
׵һϱնѪȾա
һ
Ӻ
ʱʩչƿʮƿȫⳡսƽ⳹ױƣ׵ŵ˸ֵˣһǿ߾֣Ⱥնɱ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪͣըͬڷѪɫ̻
ǣ
׵ŵ̫ϳŭ𣬼ԼһնɱǰвѪ˿ͺ⡣ʱʮǿУʮˣʮͨͨɳʮˣ׵ţʵ
ߣˣ

սƽⱻ״ƣǼս׵˵˳ȫ
ߣ
׵ǿ߲ţٺˡ
ʱ򣬽׵һѾûս⣬ֻſ뿪ط
˵ˣһҲ߲ˣ

ֽ̧ӡʱ䣬𻯵ܣܼƽ֯ɱ
ǣ
Ǹۿʦµɱ㡭
ôܣ
׵˴󺧡
Į˿鲨
߽ɱ󣬺˺³һۣɱ
߹žһն۵߽׿ʦ֮󣬱ǽʮתһǵ߿ӡ𻯵ܵɱΪ߱ɱɱʧȥס֮ˣ֮ټʩչʮĺûкķ̫ʱ䣬ǽ߿ӡµɱһֱ̿ӷʮգסˡ
Ȼ䣬ɱ𶯣׷ɲɱԻɱ¡
ҽٴ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һѪըޱȡ
׵һǿ߲ҽУƴȫֵȴǸס˲
𻯵ǿԭ׷ɱ׵ŵˣǴ˿̣ȴǸסˣǰһĻȥִɱţܼţʮɳĴ䳡ˡ׵ŵǿߣһһɱնͷ­ᴩ࣬Ѫˮͬһ㽵䡣
׵ŵ̫ϳŭпҪγѪһеĳɱȥʣµǿߣȻȴǱ־£岻ȥ
̫ϳϣ
ϣȡ

׵һǿ߾֣֮ɫ
ޱ飬һͬʱתһʱ䣬ɱ⽻֯
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮȾա
ֲĳ˵Ļ棬һһ
תۣʱȥһӣһҽ𣬲ʬ׹䣬׵˵ʮˣȴ۵Ǵǿ⣬ˣȫնɱһʣ


584 ܵ
ѪˮȾ䳡ȥһ߾߲ȱʬɢڵϣĿġ
һ̣ˣȫסˡ
ȫȫˡ
𻯵е૵
ڵʮ˽Ǵˣ䳡ϵ죬һֻо඼Ų⿴ȥֻʮֱ꣬һͻȻѵĸħһƿȫȻ˽׵ʮͨǿߣ

ŭ
׵ŵ̫ϳĿѣʮǿߣʮͨ۷ϣȻȫնɱط׵ţǳ׻ˣ

˻˿ȳһѪɱȥ˫Թͳޡ
ߣر𶯣ǧٵ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˫ֽӡƿص߿ӡµ߽ɱԦɱ⣬ȫŽ׵ŵ̫ϳնȥ漴תԻƬ䳡ϵʮܼ񷣬˷ɱˡ
һһֱӽ׵ŵ̫ϳɨʮԶ
ն

߽ɱڣɱһɳ󽣣ɱ⺧ˡ
粽ϣ𶯾⡣
ۣ
׵ŵ̫ϳٴοѪɣӲ㱻飬ײһʯϡ
վ壬׵̫ϳ˻𣬽ʧȥǰ㣬죬ɱ졣ͬƿʮĺ˿ȴǶ֣һδαɨɣ룬Ѫ
飡
飡
飡
Ҳ֪ȥãɨɻˣ׵ŵ̫ϳϴڿѪݺݲԭ˫Уڸֳһ˿ǵĹ⡣ҧ죬Զͬǻɽ
䣡
ν׶ɱⱬǣӿȣⷽƷһ̫
ֲĲԲѹ䡣
Сģ
ѡ
ʱ򣬽׵ŵ̫ϳϷ߶Ʒ˵ǷǳΣա
˵ͷ֮壬ͬʱǣ߽ɱɱ⡣
ϣ׵ŵ̫ϳԹĶ죺ϷضŹ㣡£ν׶Ʊøǿʹɫ
һ̣ͬʱɫ׵ŵ̫ϳϾͻأԽ׶𻯵նȥ˺߽ɱ󣬻һ磬תۼ𻯵š
΢ŭȻûϵһĻһ𻯵ţ⻪ɡ
ҲǳԾԭΪԷҪһսȴ룬Ȼֱˣ
߻أҡͷѾԶ׷ˡ
ϧˡ
ƿԭǿԽԷնɱġ
ϾͲȶԷңѪǿһЩ
û˵ʲô䳡ϣɨȥĵǵʬ壬дŵʹһ죬𻯵űסˣȴȥ˲ٵӣЩӣԼŵ䳡Уʬ£һƬ
û˵ʲôȻ顣
𻯵һˣ˿ҲԵúܰ
úƽͷʮˡ
ƫͷҲȥ
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬ʮ˽һǴڣ췽Ҳչ׵ʮͨǿߣ˵Ǵףܲ塣
ǣô
һҧ
ʮվһǽ䱸;裬Ȼľ塣
ʮˣ䣬к⣬ȴǽǿѹȥһҰңԭ𻯵ŵĵӣ֮ǰһԵɣҲѾӦҲ˽Թ𻯵ţ𻯵ţ⵱ǹڵı⣬ֻɱΪһŻǣֻΪҰҹƻԣ𻯵ŲΪǣ߰ɡ
ЩˣʵҲɱȴվǵúһסɱʮˣڰٷ֮ٻΪ֮ŭǸʱ򣬵Ҳ˵ˣʱڱضЯ֮ѹ𻯵ţƱڽӡֻһˣη壬𻯵ŵˣҪڵӵİΣҪŵĴУԣɱǰʮˣ뿪õѡ
Įɨʮˣʲôһͺˡ
㣬˵ģ
ʮ˽ԶݣȻɱǣô뿪
û˵ʲôֻ΢΢ͷ
ʮ˳Ĭ˹֣漴Գȥ
תۼ䣬ʮʧԶ
š
΢𣬲Զ֮ǰվҰһЩŵߡ
һʱ䣬𻯵˶˹ȥޱ顣
ȥ΢΢һ̾ʱѡ𻯵ţҲǣϾľ񡣲Ҳܼ𻯵ţѾ룬Ͳ𻯵ŵĵӣҲǵҲ߰ɡ
Щӣ𻯵ŵ洫ӺͺĵӣʵǿţЩûҳ֮ģʱѡ񣬵ȴٽ𻯵šѾѹŵˣٽ£ֻʲô壿
ڵЩһɫ԰ףֳ
񣬻˵ʲôЩ˲漴ͷȥ
úЩˣҲʧ𻯵˵Ұڡ
䳡ѪȾ죬ʬһ߾ߡ
΢ƮŨѪζ
ɨ䳡Ŀȫϡ
죬һ칪
һʲô
ֹסĶȴ¡
죬ÿܵ𡣡

ˣ𻯵ŵ˿̾ʮȹл⡣
죬˵Ĳܵ𡣡
ӵ
˵ţҲ塣
һЩϺͨǣһ̣Ҳˣ
Ƿĵĸм
ʱܾ˵룬ѡ𻯵ţѡսѡ𻯵ŹЩŵĳж𻯵ûбһУ˵Ĺͣû죬űͻˡ
ǣŵһӣΪžӦõ¡

ʱ֣
жλ𻯵˹Уͺ͵ķһ㣬Ȼ˹УὫﵱһңΪҾԵӦá
վҲվ
ʱһ𻯵ŵҲ죬ų羴塣
ܿ죬ٴαеѪζ
䳡ͬŵʬڵϣĿ˵ı
ͬŵʬѰᡣ

ûаļӣ䳡Уһ𻯵ŵӵʬ̨ʯ̧ƽȷڵϡ
и⣬һڣȴΪͨһѵˡ
ĬĬҲǰһ߾ͬŵʬѰ


585 
䳡Ѫʬ壬Ѱһ߾ͬŵʬ
һڳϺͨȻҲ϶ȻǰһͬţȴΪһ߾߱ʬ壬ڣЩʬ嶼ıⲻò˵н֯һɱ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
һ䳡ܿʰһУ𻯵ȥĵӺͨϣȫںɽ׵ȥˣǱ⼫ԶĻɽ
ɫѾϦʼ¡
һ̣˶ںɽȥͬŵķĹĬĬ
죬лͲ˵ˣúϢȥΪϴɨĹ

дŵ˸С
ĬĬͷһսԴͷҰңϴˣϴҪֲҰҶصĹŽҲˣڽȫѪ𻯵ŵϴԣ⵱ĪıһսսᣬϴˣԱնɱ𻯵ڣкܶ໰ϴ˵ɡ
ûж˵ʲôһ𣬻뿪Ƭɽסȥ
úСԺӳǰ
úϢ
Ƶƽռˣ˿Ҳаļ򣬱ǳ洫ȥһգȻסˣȴ˲ٵӣ𻯵˶ŵıʹȻҲ⣬ϾĶͬš
ͷĿԶȥ󷽲СԺӡ
һŴȣ˶ȥ䳡ˣҰҴЩˣҲǴ䳡УսķΧǴ䳡𻯵ŵطǲСԺҲһáӣѩҹҲǰȻ
ѵõ¶ЩЦݣѩҹһ𣬳˶ټ򵥵ǻط
ȻνʵҲתļϢԼľѡϾŸովһս̱ȻЩ̫ܣҲô档
һۣչȥ
պ𻯵ŽָһڵӴӱлع񣬸Ͷ뵽СǰĴսЩǽǱڷܿ̿ǰÿֻʱˣһʱ˵ľڷ
ȻҲ״̬һѩҹ߳СԺӣǰ
Уĵӱƽռ̫࣬һҴæææУѩҹ߹˶ͣ½Ų
ʦ֣
ʦ磡
ʦ֣ѩʦ㣡
˶кнǴ֮ɫ
ЩУʵ󲿷ֶ곤ǣʵǿҪǣǰΪһսӮ˵ĳ羴ǾͶƺΪʦ֡ѩҹһ𣬳뼸ͬУϵܣȻǱʦ㡣
ûд󣬶ЩһһͷӦȥ
ȣѡÿŵʯңͶһ޺ˣ
ˣ
â֯תļԪд

ʱһƬڣڡ
Ⱥɽ䣬ȻգʩʩȻ
ʲô
һŭХһд
Ұǰ𻯵ŵʮ˻طУϲڵİ˵Ӱʵ𻯵ŷ¡
ΪɵΪһǳҪڣеİ˵Ӱһİλ̫ϳϣǴڴΡ񣬵Ϥ£˸ŭһˣȻն𻯵ڣ
Ǵź⣬ŭ
𻯵ţ콻
һ˺
𻯵ŷ£صһһ֪һҰңС
һվСʿȻɱڵ
ɵڣصļһһ˵ϣҡԭɱȫˣȴûУǷŻȫˣڣȴȴôơƺЩЩʰɡ
죡һɴǰӿһ˵ɣ˽߳ţδǵ񾹻飡ڣڵ汻˸ˣ˵ӱǷŻˣΪֻҪһ˾ˣѾӱֱ£̤ƽ𻯵ţ񣬱ֻҪ𻯵һɱĵӣǸˣ
ɣǡ
ȥ
Ȼ䣬쫷ӿֱӽڵɵ
𻯵ţǽǽĵӣ򣬱飡
ɵ

ʱĺܿ죬תۼ䣬չȥ
𻯵ų׻ָһڵӿ̿ķǳ졣
ЩڣĵӿǶúܣøŬ
һ죬һöƴͻȻ𻯵ϿգĮ
𻯵ţڽ콻ڣ𻯵Žʢޣ
Į£漴͵һ飬ǹɢڿС
һ˲䣬𻯵˲
ʲô
ǽгʦ֣ƾʲô
ѾŹˣֻɱǸ޳֮ͽѣ
ŵӽŭˡ
ʮһһЩ£վкâһǰʯĵķ顣
̫
ŭ
СԺȻдӶʱһƬ䡣
ڣҪɱ
֡
ѩҹվԱߣᡣǰŷ£ѩҹȻѾ֪ˣ˿ڷųҪ𻯵Ž죬ϸĵı顣

𻯵ţ˼ŭˣһ̣һŵȫקȭͷ
̫ˣ
ڣʵ̫ˣ
ĺ۸𣡡
еŭ
ŭݣŭڡ
ˣǲԼͬľۼŵ䳡
ǽʦ֣붼룡
ʲôƨڣƴˣ
ƴˣ
һŵӴ
ʮǰʱȻȻѡ𻯵ţսͦ໤𻯵ţնҰңն׵ʮˣ˵û죬ͻˣû죬ЩѾʬ壬ʬ嶼治ܱҰʳǵߣͺӥãﻹܻվţ
죬˵ĶˣҪ𻯵Ž죬ЩԸ⣿һǵѪѾȼ˿̾䳡
˾һ
յڣƴˣ
ҲҪҧһ⣡
һڵŭĲС
ʱƿյ𻯵ڣһͨϣʮϣȫˣ̨ϡžۼ𻯵ŵеǣһ˽̲סͷдŨŨ⣬һο
˵ĺã𻯵ȻʵǿǣҵȺξһս
ȵ
Ҫ죬ôܣ
ʱŶڵӵ⣬Ҳжڵķŭ
һս
ƴˣ
޾壡
˴
ѩҹҲطһĻһŵӺ΢ЩжϸЦ⡣ǰΪһսסţסһڵӣڿȷʵֵã
ЩͬǣڳƲȥ̤ƽ𻯵ʱһûη壬Ϊŭ޷˵ľۼ䳡ҲὫȥ˾Ǻƴˣһ
ʮϣһͨϣҲŨŨս⡣
ЩˣûһŽ˶Ҳһ޾һս
ĸȫֵõģ
ƽ飬̨ߣ뽫ңŰɡ


586 µ
Ļ䳡ϣ˶һ
죬Ȼţ
Сӣ˵ʲôأ
˹
ҲǱɫ죬ʲô
ʮϣһͨϣݡ
ʦ֣ΪһսΪһսסźǣȥ
Ǻƴ˾ǣ
ǲ
ԣ£
ƴˣ
һڵӽеЩ˲Ϊʲô㿪ڣǲΪԼš
жƣһˣллллʱûңҲԸһսƽڵǿ󣬴Ӧúǵʵκεֵأǿеֵֻܸ𡣡
ţڽֻһˣûٶ𻯵šƫͷңʱõѡҳţŽǣңһˣҲ׵ֵ޾ǡ
𻯵ŲὫȥἯΪһսŻҲϧܸжǣЩȴǵúúÿǡŲһԸΪһսսȴǾԲܵסڣѹٴƿҲдãһŰ˸ǿߣ𻯵ſȵˣҲƿܵУңǰһսʮѾٵһ
𻯵ţڵĴʱ𻯵һһ߳𻯵ţ֮ȥģһˣкܶ෽ҪԸôס
Ծ̨ҡͷ˵Ҷڳˣ˭ǣţΪһսʹŵסǵû㣬ˣЩˣҲˣţôˣΪ𻯵ţζԵ㣿
ǰʦ֣ţζԵ㣿
֪ΪǿǣΪŵĴпǣǣ
Ȼʵ΢ûʲôãǣԸһսҲ޻ڣ
һڵӽе
ЩˣϴЦиж
Щ˵ĻѾ㹻ˡ
⣬һС
Ѿ뽫ţѸ¡ҶһˣҪԸңûôס棬漴һԵŮңΪѰ֮ţһҪȥ
ţűػ٣ҺҲһ𻯵ڡŮľˣңµദҲϲŮϣܹĺúõģֻϣ뿪ܹҺúչ㹻ˡ
ѩҹһ·ԼĶϾҪʧ˰㣬ֽ죺ȥȥСֹá۸ںɽİ˻ɣȴûίҲûк¹ڣЩˣֿһˣΨһˡ
һЦŮ㷢ǶİԸ£
ŮһỨת֪ǵİΣŹô˵ֻ𻯵УܰȫҲ֪Ǻһߣ컹ҪķѾչ۵죺£
д⣬ŮʵʲôҲôȥΪǡ
ƶĿ⣬ϣ΢΢ͷ
뽫𻯵ţѾС
˫֣ŶڵķŭͬʱҲΡ
ã
գͷ

ɰ

һŵӽе
ѩҹ̨ϡ
̨ϣ죬䳡ŵӡ
ǣ
΢Щɻ
ɨ䳡Ŀϣ𻯵ţ˶طʣˣһ֤˵ţֵָȡһöƽָϿһ֡ö䣬֮ݵǰ𻯵Ŵʼµ䣬Ϊ֮˵𻯵ţӽտʼ죬𻯵һ
죬ڰǰΪһսţסһڵӣƣȴԼţԴά𻯵ŵİ壬ֻ꣬ؿڱѹһʯЩԺ
ŭŭ̫ˣԼѾŹ˳ҰǰڵͨʿɱһˣɶԷȴˣ̫С޷ʱ򻤵죬һսҲǣ죬죬ΪնɱҰңȴҪеһУԺԺԼһ꣬꣬ؼɻеڶ
޷ܾġѾΪ˵ȷʵڣڵҲ£ȻŻҲԸһս浽ǸʱȴֵˣǻὫǣ𻯵ڣʹȶһ߳ŸΣգԣֻͬ⣬ͬ⽫𻯵š֮ǰҲҪŵ⣬꣬µ
ɫͬһʱ䣬ط䳡ϣҲݣһ
ʮϺһͨһܿͻָû˵ʲô
ƴǣֵʢʱڣԶλ֮ʱң뿪𻯵ţû𻯵ŵӵݣɽŴʼµ֮ߣҴûҪĵӶûҪ⣬ⶫ䵽֣֮Ҳضܶ鷳Щȣû뵽Ȼʱ򣬽λô
ҡͷ죺λϴΪµ̫ϳϣ㣬Ϊµܺһʱ䣬㲻𻯵ţûϵһǵôڡ˵ţȻѸ£ǣֻǸºһ࣬죬ʲôطԶ𻯵ŵˣһɫң㲻ᷢ⣡
ԣͷһ
죬£
һ⣬к˸߱ʸ񣿡
°ɣ
ӵʮϵ
ʦ֣°ɣ
ҵȣԸʦΪ
ʦ£
һڵӵ
죬⣺죬˵ѾҲһ
΢˫Уǿ˾Եļᶨ
ս˫֣ɨ䳡
ʦּ̳֮λ
һŵ
ƫͷижоâ
ã

ţԼѾͬˡͬź֮λһѾˣôȥܾصͷشĻһҲͬһ֡ã
һĨھâԶֵָ֣ϡ
һ˵䳡
μ
μ
μ
һʱ䣬ͬʱд


587 Ц˭Ϊ
ɽ쳹䳡Ͽգ𻯵ŵȣһͨҲ񣬽Ǳ£дŷĵء
˸΢⣬ϵ䣬漴䳡
𡣡
˫̧
˶վֱһڵӵĿȫϣק˫ȭ
䳡ЩһŵӣƽȴҲ棺죬δкܳʱ䲻ڣڵĴСҲ޷룬ǣʲôطԶǵԼŵһӣǵãһңǵã𻯵ŵλǼˡ
˵ţн֯һ貵ľâ죬ݶԴ£ҲԲһøǿؽ𻯵ŷ󣬽ţߵ򣡡
䳡һڵжʱͬľâһ˫ȭյĸӽ

һ˴
Щϴų羴˿ȡ
һ߹һֱȥʮ˲Ű
ƫͷΪллΡ
ҵлֻø𻯵ŵһУȫһ˿ˡ
Ϊ񰵵
û˵ʲôѩҹƣٴΪҽߡ
Ϊ΢΢һ𣬾֪նҪ뿪𻯵ţȴû뵽վҪ뿪֪ûʲô壬Ҫʲô׼
á
ҡͷ
ƫͷߵŮ⣬δܳʱѩҹˡ
һˣҪٴζ¡
ɷΪͽ
ΪͻȻ
춯ݣΪ𣿡ΪǴǿߣһǿѩҹΪͽѩҹ˵һĺ£δлǳ˳
ΪͽϤĽ̵𻯵ŵԴΪбţһڵӣκ
Ϊ
û
û
û
һڵ
һ˿мԵŮѩҹмʦ񡣡
ŮΪǰд񣺡ʦ
ã
ΪԶ֣Ů
Ůʼջ죬񣬾Ҫֿˡ
ŮĳΪ˶ٺ󣬴ѩҹħ塣
Ϊһ϶ʱ¶ɫ˼ѩҹŮȻ壿
һΪĿŮƿ죬ŵڣڣҲƱػȫ
лллôλϣˡ
Ϊһʮһקȭͷ֪Ҫ뿪浱˵ˡʱЩɺܣиֳκ𣬸ֳڵĳޡһ꣬ȴƳţ
֡
Ůʣֱᡣ
ȥŮ۽ǵỨһȺеƿۣȥһֵЦ建ڿն𡣵ͷһŵӣΪʮϣдžӨŮ
û˵ʲôգһ𻯵ȥ



䳡纣˰ľһڵӣһͨϣд
챳ˣһԶֻĿɽӣֻк磺ͥ޼һս˷ƳʢޣЦ˭Ϊ
䳡ϣһɵãһ˸оڵѪҺΪ֮
Ц¡˭ΪΪ΢΢оâããã
ʮǷ𺳵ĶԶȥıӰһקȭͷ꣬εȵĺ飡
ڣӰʧһ˵ҰУ뿪𻯵š

һΣչȥ
ʢޣһ죬һ𻯵ڴ𻯵洫ӣ죬𻯵ţ
һʱ䣬ʢ޲˶¶Źֵı顣
洫Ӷѣôָôƣ
ʮ֮һ˼ҿǴЩ뷨˭֪ء
Ǹ洫ӣӦҲһ˰ɣҪȻˡ
⵹ʵ
ûɶϵףֻһӰˣһС¶ѡ
ǣһСҲģˣԾƳԾƣ
ۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڡ
ø𻯵ţһ
ɵڣһİλ̫ϳϽŭֱһʡ
ˣ
𻯵ŽŲѸ£ˣǺû˿ϵڻǸһ˿ӣϾ𻯵ΪڵŭŽšȻѶ˵ʲô޷ʲô
ǲǿߣ׷Ѱϵټ
һ˵
ʱһߡ
ʮ֮һ׵š
죡
׵ŵ̫ϳɭɱ⡣Լ䣬ܹµ챻𻯵űضйأ֪ڸ𻯵ʩʲôѹֻ֪ڹһˣʧȥ𻯵ŵıӻɱ죡

뿪𻯵ţѾգһƬСУĬĬߣ΢˸
Ĳƽ߹ͨɽСϪ޺ȸ
תۣչȥ
һ죬һƬɽǰȥǰһƬɫɽԼһԵĺƮڿУһȻС
ɽ䣬ֻˡ

дŵĹ⣬֣ú߹ǧɣɽڡ
ȥɽһһһ𺳣һֻİܣһַǳɣϢ֯ڿС
ڶοɽ䣬ԵúƽһУһƬƬɽ
ŵ˸һǰȥŵûɽ֮£̽ѰƬųƿĽɽΪۣص£嫵ܺͿɲɷ֯纣˰㷭û۳ȣȴӿ¡
ʱɽԶһƬݻɫĴʯϥ
󡣡
Ծ
ΪмصһشƲ󣬿һС
ϥʯϣĬĬһԾһ㡣
ˣ
˸ԡ
ǲѵȴҲǲСʯϣĬĬУֱȥʱ䷽˫ۣһ֮
վɨƬɽ翪Ų뿪ʯ
ߵķǳÿ߳һŵ׶ûɽ¡
ͬһʱ䣬̧֣â˸⽻֯Ͽӡơ
һۣʮչȥ
һ죬ɽģһƬʯǰ
ԭһ޴ɽߣȴ̮ˡ
е˸ҽŲڵһ𣬶ʱ䣬Ƭڹͬɽ緢˰㣬ǰʯȫ飬ɳ
𣡡
𴫳ž߹ʬ⽻֯ŵĵ


588 ս
ž߹ʬڣ⽻֯Ũĺӽޱȿնһ˵֯ܡɿݣͬʬ㣬һХȥ
ޱ飬˸֯ͬһ㻷⡣
̼䣬ž߹ʬȫֱͣĶ졣ǷʯܵʯڵӰ죬Ϊػߣʩչ·һŵվھž߹ʬǰһʱ䣬ž߹ʬסˡ
ҵġ

Ĺ⣬ŵƽ֯һƺڰɷɽ³ͬǺڰȪӿž߹ʬڣʹǵ徹ǽ֮󣬰ӹȥž߹ʬɷŨ㣬ӽǱī
ˣ
Ϣ֯ھž߹ʬ⣬Լ䣬ĵĲŨˣͬһ΢Ļ绯ȼյ㡣ǣֱֹȥӣŵ׵ƲǱðûٳžž߹ʬעɷ
žž߹ʬԵͷй⻪һ뿪طԶȥ
ߵĺŵһڿп̻һơ
תۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬ͣһɫɽۣһʯ¡
ͷϵ䣬˶٣֮ȡ£СĵķʯС
ڡ
΢
ʱֵҹʯš
ܿ죬һҹǹȥ
һ죬ʱһ㵭ԣʿǿʼһ
Ҳһ죬һͻأɽ䴫
ڣǲǵɱɽǣ
ʱ䣬УȺ𾪡
תۼ䣬Ǵʢޡ
ҵ죬⡭˭ôͣȻҡȻսڣ
ǿ֮һޱȣʵ̣ǽʳ
ȵȣ죿ǲǰ𻯵ŵǸ洫Ӱ
⡭ȷʵǣ
˵ʮŵˮ׼Ǹ죬Ҳֻվ簡
վ磬ȻаڣǶ治һ㣬ôǿ𣿣
ڵҪɱʲô
˵ۡ
һʿȻս֮һڣνһʯǧˡ
һ˲䣬ʢ޶ʱˡ
˵죬ȻɽǸΣյĵطսʲô
Ź֣ʵ̫Źˣ
̫Ź֣̫󵨣
̫󵨣̫
֮ȥ
ȻȥֿǲС
ۡ
һʱ䣬ʿǶˣ˷ɽķȥ
֮һڶѣվʿʵ̫СˣԣһվСʿȴȻаڣɽ䣬ǰʵ̫ˣʿȤ˶˹ȥ

ڡ
ſ񣡡
һŭ
ɵڣһİ˸̫ϳϸŭ
ɱһڵϣʱǰǲǿĴѰټҪҳնϴˢų裬ȴҲһ˿˿ΪˣǰŲ̽˷ȴ޹쾹ȻԼվ˳ȻɽڣȻսڣ
죡
ŭ
һռСʿȻҽսڣ
ͬǣһֻƴ
ȥͷ­
˺
ۣΪڵĵڰ̫ϳϡ
𻯵Ż˳ƣЩŹ֣֪ʩչʲôֶΣʱͻȻúǿΪȻɱͨɾ۷ǿߣСЩ
һ˵
ϷԴȥܷʲôˣ
۵˵
˲Ϣѣʧɵ
ͬһʱ䣬һط׵š
С
׵ŵ̫ϳҧ΢һתۼʧԭأ׵š
ǰ𻯵ڣʩչֶΣն׵ǰȥ𻯵ŵˣ׵ŵĺȫŵʵʹ͸졣ʱ䣬ҲѰټȴʼ޹վȻλýսڣﻹᾲĴţ
Ҫȥɽ䣬ֽ˺飡
ΣվֻռСʿǴǿߣ

ϣո֣ΪƬһƬƬչ⡣
תۼ䣬չȥ
Щٴαвʿۼطңңɽ䣬жǴ˷ܣڴ֮ɫһУΪǰһɽﴫԴһվСʿսڣ
ˣˣ
Ѱ·ˣǵһμ
ҾòȻվʿаڣӦҲЩŶԡ
⻰Ҳ
ʵ벻һСʿܹʲôֶΣȥڵǿߡ
ڵһϣۡ
¥ľڣλüãʱѾʿ
ʱԶͻȻһʮӰʣѪǿᡣ
ģУȫվ
ڵˣ
һʮˣͨɾ磡
ȵȣǰˡƺƺŵĲ
ǡڵĵڰ̫ϳϣڴ磡
ǿߣȴﾹȻˣ
˽𺳡
ΪһվСʿڳƣǡ
ҪҪɱǽս죬Ҫɱһӣ˿жôǿ󣬲˭ǡ
Ӧ
˷
һǺ֣ôҪɱһվСʿ
ȷʵҲ֡
죬֮ǰ𻯵Ž֮ţѵҲǺйأ
⡭
ЩڶҪҪǰڵ˽ɽˣ
ָԶ
ϣڶʮˣ۰˳ΪףնУתۼɽ⡣һˣ⽻֯Ũ֮պ¡¡۰˳ϣŤ·һ֮Դ
ǿߣƿ˵˵˰
ļ¡
ʱϿѾվˣ˶ңңǰʱЩ˵Ŀⶼڵһ˵ƶƶ˷ܡ
ܿ죬һȺɽ䣬ֱտУûڱԵͣ¡
⣬ȻڱԵͣߣ
дǿͬе治һ
ȷʵ
ľ
ɽΣգʿǽɽʱɽԵͣ£УȺˣȴֱս룬˺ܳԾ
ɽڣʮ۰˳Ϊףǲգһǰ
Ƭɫɽܹ죬λõһξ룬ʿᱻѹƣ޷շУʩչΧһηΧȴûӰ죬ա˿̣һȺ˱ǻΧشתۼйԶ
С
ڵ۰˳Ϻȵ
Ϣܱ֯ߣŤ¡¡
һȺˣĮ
ͬʱɽ⣬һҲ۾һ˲˲Ķɽڡ
Ǻܾˡ
ʱһɽĴ


589 ޳ܲҪ
ɽģɫ𣬲գһٶϡ
ʱ䣬˽Ծ
죿ᣡȥƺʮҰ
עص˰ɣ죬ɽģȻܹնУ
ţ⡭ȷʵȻλҲգôܣ
⡭
̫Źˣ졭
Ⱥ붯ݡ
ɽλѹƣʿԷУ޷ʩչ£ʢ޵ĹżһЩأʿ֪Ǵ˿̣һվСʿȻɽλ𣬾Ȼôյٶϣ
ʮɫһһĨɫܿǽԱñ
ϣ죡
Ϊ׵ߺеɱ˿ҲΡ
һЦգһ߳ɽģʮ˰ԶһɽϿգ漴£ɽ۵ĵرϡ̧ͷʮˣΪ׵ߣһʱǸо˶Էϵĵ򲨶
ǿǿҡ
Ц
ʵϣԷдǿ߸һҲ⣬Ͼ𻯵ʱʩչչ׵ŵһЩͨ۷ǿ߶նˣ𻯵ŷŻصڵʮˣضὫʱһĻĻ֪ڵ̫ϳǡ
ֻ˿ڲǰèǣϣ
ߵ
䣬⣬ɱ⽻֯˶
ʲôеʱ䡣쵭ĮһЦƿĿ⣬ɽĲϵһʿλһ֣Һڼ䵽׷ʲôʹһ﹫Ȼս֮һǿţ֪𣿡
ɽ⣬Ⱥн֡
һվСʿһ֮һڣ߼ʵһǳĶԱȣ֮ǰվȴȻڵҪɱԼɽ乫ȻսڣȻɻ󡣴˿㻰һĿⶼƵϣֻȥ
һЦǰ𻯵ŵĵӣҲǲǰڣһҰңڵʮͨɾϣ𻯵Žдʱ𻯵Сĺܿ죬һյĳЩµҰ𻯵ŵӣҰҶһ壬ǰ𻯵ŵˣֻɱҰңʮȫߡ
ʲô
£һȻ𻯵ŵĵӣ⡭
һǸҰңʵǡ
ʮˣΪ׵˪֪˵ģʹͷһţһʵ̫޳ܣӦɱǰһǿߣȴû˸˵
ǣǣ
˲⡣
죬ܺһս죬ôᱻų
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬ٺܿ죺һҰ壬͸Ϊʦһģ֮дţЯһǿߣɱ𻯵ٵӣҲѣֻýһЩرֶΣ֮ն
նҰҺԭԽ֮ڵʮҲһʣɱǾãֻҰҴ˽Թڵı⡣ɱҰңŻնԴʮֻǱƻѣԣûǣûΪǣȫߡ˵ţʮˣ¶ķ֮ɫֻǣȴ
ˣ죡
ʮǰߺɫԵЩ࣬ɱøŨ
ˣ첻мһЦô˵ʵ飿öˣһЦĺܿ죬ɽһ˽ŵһգǲΪʮͨǿߣԭɱǶɱ㹻˰ɣڣȴ֮󴫻𻯵ţҪ𻯵ŽɱҰҵˣɱ򣬱̤ƽ𻯵ţ⡭ڵ
𻯵Ϊʮ֮һʵοԺ֮һڿ⣿ͳǷŭͬǷŭΣûʲôð취ֻţˣҽû˿ϵԣڲŵӣԣվط
˵꣬ɽ⣬Ⱥһ
⡭
ǰһʱ䣬𻯵洫ӲѸ£ԭôһ£
˱ȡ⣬ڡЩ˰ɣ
ⲻǺǸҰһǡ𣿡
ǰʵǡ
˵
Ļһ˵ı飬Щ˱֪ûа١ʹЩ˽ü̲סʮָָ㡣
Ұ֮ȥʮˣԭҲǸϾԵ޹ȥٱ˵ţɱŵӣ̫ˣǣ𻯵ȴǸʱŹʮˣûΪѣһҲûɱǸӣĻ˵㹻ˡΪ𻯵ɱʮˣҲûʲô˵ģӦ𻯵ŵǸ
ɾˣ𻯵ڷʮ˺ȴȣҪ𻯵Ž죬ͻ𻯵ţֱͺͷǿһ
˶ʿ֪ʿǿʳ˭ǿ˭ǵȻˣǶڴ˾΢ʣΪʵ̫ˡ
Щ˵Ŀ⣬˵ʮȻܹоֻоͻȻûġΪ׵ߣøɭ
ԴˣһҲ⣬ߣֻŨŨķ̣о仰ô˵һŵˣʹŵ仰ûһһ޳ܲҪڣȻҲһǵ޳ܲҪһĸ֣쾡¡
𻯵ţһزȥˣڵ޳ܵӣǻȥƱѹ𻯵šڣȻһ𻯵ŲκιϵҾңֻ죡ʮˣڴ֣첻ǣδڣصһ㡭𣡡
һе˵Լٺ𻯵˿ϵֱڣһìͷȫԼ׶Ͼڻ𻯵ŶͷĿܡʣ֮һһ˶Ըˣкȥ𻯵ŵ鷳ֻڳΪЦΪʮЦ
˵ʮˣɫǱޱѿЩ࣬Ϊ׵߸˫ɭȻֳһ˿ɫһڣСһվϣȻҲ˵Ļɱͷ­ȡ
䣡
̼䣬ƵмͨǿֱӶˣнǴŴ̹ɱ⣬ȥ


590 Ծʬս
Ƶͨǿ߳ѹȥߣպ
ԶȺһĻĲ
ͨǿߣĶͨ죬⡭
Ҫôս
Ǹ죬ֻǲվ簡
ľ
ͨɾϵǿѹһվСʿȳЩ˸Ҫ֪ͨһͨǿ߾ʿˣڣȴһѹ˹ȥңУĶͨΣ
䣡
쫷ϯΪԴӿ˷
һʱ䣬ɽʱ̫ƽˣ쫷ɱ⣬̹ǣա
ɽۣǰĺڷĿ趯
ûаɵеֻǱͳ̧ͷʮΪ׵ߣ˵ڻһ𣬽գǵһ
䣬ŵ˸΢΢һ
䣡
䣡
䣡
𶯣ʮڹԵص׳ͬɫɱҪ顣
ʲ
ۣ
ǰһ˱ɫһ˲ñᴩڷ
ɫ䣬ȫͣܡ
ЩɫĹǸоһľ
ǣ
ʲôȻת۾ɱһͨǿߣ
ҵ죡
ԶȺɴ˫ۣ˼ļһĻ
̫Źˣ
̫ˣ
ЩɫɷϢôŪģ
˲
ȥܼĺɫڹⲻϳ𣬽֯аɷ˼һ
䣡
ɫڹһ¡¡һԵĿֲɱ
ˣ
ǰļУ˺ȵ
һͨ۷ǿߣʩչǿںɫɱܡ
ԵͷȫƶʵȺɫɱ̫ڿˡ
˵𣿡
Į
һڹī˷Ŀռȫ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬գۼ䣬һ˱ᴩֱӱɫڹⸯʴһ̯ŧˮ
Ȼٶȸ죬ƶ
Ȼãɫɱ̫ˡ
⡭
ۣ
һ˿ڣȻһ̣Ǳʮڹ黤Ļֱԭը
Ҳûӳȥֺܱңɫڹ⽫˺顣
Ѫˮɽر˵а
ԶȺңңɽ䣬һȫסˡͨǿߣȻһ˲ͱնɱһɶ
ôġ
૵
һվʿתۼɱͨǿߣУĶͨأ

һŭ
ڵ˫ĿɭȻޱȶĶ죬ͨǿߣȻôУǿͨǿ߰ͨ죬ȻڶԣҲǷǳ׵սʧȥʧ̫ˣ
ǰڷƮϹŵЦ⣬Цĺܳ
ŭͨɾǿ߾򵥱ɱʧСɣۣߣ˵оܶˣЯڶڳƣҪԸһվСʿҪ˶һжǿ󣬲˭ǣɽȴǣһʼھ˱ɱǲǸоԼݺݳһ⣬ǲǸоһֻʹܸ߳У
˶٣ͻȻһЦˣҸˣǲ֪ʲô߳ܣôܸ߳УʵڱǸԭҸղǰ˵ǻʹаɡ
ԶȺۡ
Ƕֱǡ
⻰
̫ˣ
˶죬ֻо˿̵Ļֱȸղŵɱ⻹ҪڵɱԣñһĶݺݳϡ
ʮǿɫ࣬־ŭ
һʿڣ
ȻǼ˵ǰ죡˫ĿɭȻ˳ȥɱĶʮͨǿߵ漴Ųһȥ
ʮ˵ͷȻΥ棬ȫűĿⶢ죬ȥ
ˣȻˣͱŻˡ
쿪ڡ
ŵ˸ɿûɽ¡
໣
̶쳹˻ġ
˷һ𣬻īһƬÿһͷʮɳƵͬʵĺʮȫΧġ
ʮһˣ䣡ϣ
ǣ
壿Сʮͷ

ԶȺһ
ȥʮͷɽ䣬һɫһɫаɷº͵ܽ֯һ𣬴żΪ˵һ˾
ЩˣָοǱʮͷΧλõʮˣ
һ̣ڵʮͨǿ߸ɫֻоˡ
ҲֱӶݣʮͷвоѹһʿȴȻչֳȳ̶ȵʹ𾪡
ȷʵǺͷصǼ˵һŹ֣Գȳ̶ȵȷʵһ㡣粽ѹȥôϷǰչֳʲôֶΣʼնһֻ΢ϣ
һܷܵľʮͷǲһ
ǿߣǸڵĵڰ̫ϳϣȻԶˣ
áÿ£

˲
תնɱͨǿߣֻʮͷʵסˣľоĿ£һ̣߳ѹȥʱЩȴǲҡͷһʿƿپ˵ֶΣôܿ˴ǿߣǿƿ˵ˣһĲ
ڶʮָ죬ͬڿһʬ㡣һĵڰ̫ϳԶ֣ڴɱһʿ̧־ͿԽ֮ѹɱ죬ͺһֱһ򵥡
ɽۣɫƽû¶ɵ֮ɫ
϶𼱣Ϊ׼˼λѣʱ㡣
Į
䣬ɭ𣬴ɽĴ
תۼ䣬ŵӰ˹ΪŵľĹʬڣī
⡭ʬ壿
ʬͨ飬ŨϢ⡭
ȵȣ⣬еĲ
ԶȺ𺳡
ž߹ʬ嵽ǰһǿŨڣһƵĲļ¡ž߹ʬֱͷ·޼
ȻҲݣһαɫž߹ʬо˾޴ѹ
Զʮɫһףɵһ
ž߹ʬ̫ˣ
ɽۣһߣ˺
䣬ž߹ʬʱͬŵаȰ볯ȥ
һ𣬲Ҵ⣬ӭսž߹ʬ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬֮ͨ֯һձһ̮
ǰʩչΪž߹ʬע嫵ĺڰɷʹž߹ʬʵ٣˺ͨ۷ǿߺ˺һ򵥡һ̣ž߹ʬϣȻΪǿߣȴҲתۼ뵽֮УԵЩǱ


591 ɽ޵
ž߹ʬƵŨϢⷭдһƴ·Եľͷ飬Ƶܡ
ϣ
ͨɾǿ߽Ǳɫɫһ԰ס
һĵڰ̫ϳϣڣ˿̣Ȼ·ѹˣ
ԶطȺҲǸ𺳵Ķ졣
һ׼Ȼ׼ž߹ʬȻŵĲ
ǰǴڣ
ǣôܿǣ⡭
ȫסˡ
ǰһĻʵ̫ˡ
һվ꣬ȻܹƿؾžߴʬңЩʬѾͨ飡
ڸͨǿ߻ʣʮһˣ˿̶죬ǾǷŭ
ǣ
һŭ
첻мдŨŨķ̡
ŵ˸һԾʱ䣬ľʮͷ
Ƚǡ֮ǰ̫ϳϵһ仰ƽɫɽϣһҲڣǰֻһֻֻСϡ
໣
Ƶʮͷһʱ䳯ĵĶʮһѹȥ
ʮһ˱ɫԳǿͨܡ
ֻǣʮͷдŵ̫ǿˣһͨǿ߸ֵˣգۼѣһͨǿ߱ͷƶϣֱը鿪
̶ٴγɱϡ
һ𡭡
ۣ
˿ڣû˵Ǳͷɫѹֱײϡ
ѪҺˮһ䣬Ʈɽĵرϡ
໣
ʵ鹥ɱڵЩͨǿߣŷġ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ХƵ̼ѣը
ԶȺһĻͲֻüһ󷢺ͷƤסķ顣
ʩչʲôֶΣ
˶µ
̫ˣ
һСʿһֻɫɽۣȴɱͨǿߣ
оɽ䣬·𡭡·򡣡
૵
ȥɽڣһϮɫɽ۲ΨһͷͷƱڣ֮ڵһǿ߸ֵˣֻܡЩͨɰǿߣʵǿɴʱȴҲƣӦԣ̫ˣ
۵һһͨɰǿըֻǷһĲҽбɢ

ڵŭʮͨǿߣڵľӢȴȻתۼ䱻ɱʮһˣʮһˣʮһͨɾʿŭХʩչͨɱźԶǽոѹķ顣
ֻǳбһۣ˿Ҳ⡣
𣡡
ž߹ʬɫ纣һ㷭γһ޴ĺɫϡ
͵һߵɱⱻ£ںɫڡ
չ˺Լɡ
鵭Į
£ž߹ʬٴ˫īɱߡ
ŭž߹ʬȴǵЩ鷳ѵˡ
쵭ɨߣƫͷǰ
ˣϲ۸ˣᱻ۸˭Ҫ۸ңǾܱͣǸˡ
ɱ
ƽܵĮ
һʱ䣬
ɫɫͬʱ˻ƵűϣֱڻŵͨǿߡЩÿͷʮɳɷǳµɷܹɣȻɱ⣬֯һǸӿֲ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ£ͨʿɷƶϣֱը

ҽдûڵһʱ䱻ɱȴش̲ʹһ̣ɢһͷɫֱӽ֮顣
ɫɽۣĮһС
໣
죬һͨǿ߱ײķѣһͷ븹СͷȫɷϢ۶ɣִɷֻ֮һƾܸʴͨǿߣһͷɷת۽˸
תۼ䣬ǰʣʮͨǿߡ
ʮ˺ǿȫͨɰǿߣվһǾ֡
ڣ֮һΪǿˣȻҲẦ£ȻһվСʿǰ¶ֱ飬ƺЩ񻰰ɣֱڵ档쵭Įһˣƽǵȷȴκ˶ôҰǵ̫ϳ³ͷˣÿ
̧̼䣬ر𶯡
ﬣ
̶𣬵ر£һɫδ󽣳һƬٵͬǽȪһЩδ󽣵ٶȷǳ죬ʼһǺԻĴһ볯ڻʣµʮ˳ɱȥ
һִƣձһ޴ѷ졣
㡭
ۣ
˲Ϣѣһͨɰǿ߱ûֱӱ󽣺ʹ顣
ʣ¾˾֣ɫ࣬һ̲ס
ģ⵽ʲ
ۣ
˿ڣȴ˲Ǳͷʮѹ£ը
ʣ°ˣ壬ֶЩˡ
˵ˣÿ

Ż䣬һŰѹȥ
ɽ䴦ʢ޵ԹһֱƬ嫽Σպµĵط֮һص²֪Ŷ˵ɷܣԹվƬɽʩչս𻯵ʱǿ̫̫ࡣ
𻯵ȻʮǣƬɽ䣬Զ
Աȣԣ𻯵ŵʮ޷ɽµᲢֻۡǣɽµ޷У⣬Ϊúɷ֯һЩҲòǵɱ
໣
ʮͷٴ߸һ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
̶Ĳҽ𣬼Ѫը
ˣը
תۼ䣬˵Ķʮͨǿߣֻʣˡ
죡
ߴ۾ˡʮˣ˿̾Ǳɱֻʣˣ
ҰֻС̣ɱҡ
ŵ˸ĸһͷͷһ𶯣һʱâʢ
ס֣ҡ
ۣ
˺ˣȴ˲䱻նͷ­ѪˮӺߡ
ϣǡ
ȣȴȲԮתۼ㱻ͷɫɫƶϡͬʱδ󽣵һʱնͬնݰ㣬նķѡ
תۼ䣬˱նԭĶʮͨǿߣ˿ֻʣˡ
ԶȺֹסĶ¡ڵĵڰ̫ϳϴʮͨǿߣвٴͨɰ죬žӢ񣬾һȺھӢȴƬ̼ͱһվСʿնɱ룬նֻʣˣ
⡭ֱһħ
˻̿֡
ɽ죬̲סĲо౻˸קסһ㡣
С
ʱһŭԶմ
һ߳дԹ⽻֯Եĵ򲨶


592 ŵۻ
ŭ𣬼ԶߣطȺһ
ǣ
Ĳһǿߣ
ˣƺǽ׵ŵ̫ϳϰ
˱ɫ
ߴԶԹͺ壬Ȼǽ׵ŵ̫ϳϡǰ𻯵׵ʮͨǿߣа׵ŵʮϣǳ׽׵Żˣʹ˺͸졣֮ǰսڣûаԥֱӴӽ׵ų˹
Сɱ
ŵ̫ϳϳֱӳɽڣȥ
ʲô
׵ŵ̫ϳϣȻҲɱǸ죿
ô£
֮ǰҰǰ𻯵ŵһЩ£ûᵽ׵ţԣ˿̽׵ŵ̫ϳɱ죬Щ˱Ȼԭɡ
˿̣󲿷ɻһ˲󣬶ͷһ
ǿߡҪɱ
⡭
죬ôôǿһ֣ǡ
˾üЩ䡣
һվСʿȻǿɱʵֵ̫ˣңǿһɱĻƾǾž߹ʬܹס
䣡
׵ŵ̫ϳŭɱ𶯣Ѿʮλô
һʱ䣬ɱøڡ
ɽۣ֮Ž׵ŵ̫ϳɱǲɵ΢΢һ
һֱڵ㡣
ƽ
һΧߵľž߹ʬУľ߹ʬӭˡ
𻯵ն׵ʮǿߣǼǽ׵žųɵڣ׵ŵ̫ϳܲɽڽгսڣ׵ŵ˱ضҲȻƱػһ㣬ԣڽ׵ŵ̫ϳϴ˿ɱһҲû⣬һжƿС
𣡡
ʬ׵ŵ̫ϳϡ

׵ŵ̫ϳϴȣһǰΪ֮ӿҪʮ
ϧľ߹ʬһ㣬ǰ
׵ŵ̫ϳͫһʱݣľ߹ʬĲһ㣬⾹Ȼ֯еĵ򲨶һа飡
档

ʱľ߹ʬٴͬս㣬ɱ׵ŵ̫ϳϡǰΪǿߣȥʱ䲻屣ķǳãھעаɷ󣬱ñǰҪ̡ңĺҲǷǳ£дŸʴһеʱĽ׵ŵ̫ϳҲ뵽鷳֮С
С
׵ŵ̫ϳһ߽սľ߹ʬһ߶죬˫Ƕ
쵭Įɨˣһߣվڵͨǿߡ
·
˵
䣬ʮܼδ붯һʱ䣬˷ȫ£һڵͨɾʿѹȥ
һֹɱƣʮܼ֮յŤˡ
Ϣ֯ʮ
ס֣
ڵߴ˹ȥȣϧȴ벻߹ʬ
ۣ
һ˲䣬ǰըһѪһ˱ͷ顣
˲ɱ࣡ƣ
˴֮ͨƮɣɱܵĴҽС
ȻȴûʲôãʮδѹһС
ۣ
˵屻ķѣδնѪ
һ˾֣ʱսûˣֹסķſҪȣһ̱㱻дδһѹҽж
Ѫˮ£Ⱦ·Ƭر
ʮˣȫȫȫˡ
ɽ⣬૵
ȥϡ仹ԿƬɽĵһЩʬѪˮһʳĿģ̇ͷ죬񶼲ɵôˣվ굽ô£ʩչʲôֶΣתնʮͨǿߣ

ŭڵ۾ˣĿѡĶʮͨǿߣһ̣նɱһɶʮͨǿ߰ʧ̫ˣ
ң̫ˣ
ŭƫͷȥһĮȻͷŭʸһжҵġɨ۽׵ŵ̫ϳϣŵ׵ŵ϶ȥǲŽȫǿǰ𻯵ţֻʣһǱߣˣȫ𻯵š
ڣڱҪ𻯵ţԷŹɱʮˣֻնҰңȴǲ룬ҲҰҰ㲻֪жȴ𱨣ԣڲ³ĶʮȫնҲҲû𡣡
˵ţ׵ŵ̫ϳϣҲһϴѣξûôˣأ󣬽׵ţڻǰ
ʲô
׵ϴȥ𻯵ţǲǿ󣿶ҡȫ𻯵ţ
⣬ҲǱɱ
ǡ
ѹˣѹֽ׵ŵ̫ϳҲ˹ɱ죡
ľ˽׵ŵ̫ϳΪҲɱ졣
Щ𺳣ô˵Ľ׵ţѾʵ
СϷҪɱ㣡ɱ㣡
׵ŵ̫ϳŭ
Ժص˺Ƥƣ
ڵߺ
һ̣ǿǰδеķŭ˫ͨ죬޲졣
ˣƽڳɫɽۣͬŵۻʰ㸩ء
ûлᡣ죬Įȴǵֻһ֣Ǿǡ
䣡
Ƭɽ𶯣һ̶𣬱κʱҪ
ɽͬ˴һ㣬رܼĴÿһͷаɳ塣ǳɫɫʼһֱһ˫˫ϵ붢ס˽׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵߣǺʱȺԽʱնҪ˳׸˺
⡭⡭
찡ǡʲô

Ⱥ͡
׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵҲһܼܳİɴǿǣһҲһĲĸовС
־ŭ㡭
𼱡˵ĻĮС
Ļ£ʱ䣬ҡض·涼̮
ƬɽɲǼ䱻һɻԵǣֱ۰ϸɱ𣬾һɲ쫷磬ʹضû谵һ˲䣬ƬռҲֳ֪˶ٷѲ磬׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵȫȫУεɱض·ҡ

ֽͬһ㣬ôֻգۼѣǱ˴Ƭ


593 
ɽںսǰϵˣԼһдǿҲϵ˽׵ŵ̫ϳϱȻɱȻϵˣȻ׼
Ϊž߹ʬܶԸǿߣԣɽķһʱ䣬ӡһ嫵Լʮɱһ̣ɱȫ
໣
죬ɽڣͷɴɽ³еīеâеĽ֯źɫɫױȵĿֲ
ͬһʱ䣬ϣ֣εɱƬɽ串ǣɱͬϵӽҪ׹䣬ضû谵
ǣ
ɱ⡭
ɱֱ·𣬿Իһа
ɽ⣬˽ǲ
ʱ˿̣ȥɽڣһͷͷһɱնƽϸܼ쫷ϯܣٲȻһĩյĳݺվɽ⣬ȻԶȴһָֻ̿С
ʵһĻ̫ˣ
˿̣˸ŵܼƣ˸ļ£뵽һ棺ӡƣǿĿʦô˾һǿĿʦҲײεĿʦɿȥƺûʦԼǿʦ٣١׿ʦ߶ȣ
ʮң׿ʦ뵽һˣн¶𾪵ı顣
׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵһһ̶Ǳɫͷɴܣܼɱ⽻֯ȻڴΣһҲǼһ⣬ֻоͻأѩԨ֮¡
ǣ
ŭ
׵ŵ̫ϳͬŭ˫
ͬʱҲľ죬ȻӡɱǿʦŻֶΣ
ңǴﵽ׿ʦ߶ȣ
ɽۣɫĮ˵ǻ
㡭
䣡
˾ŭһ̱һ˷ɱһˡ
ͷɴ˻һɱҲͬʱʱ˽ľ
ͬһʱ䣬ž߹ʬһɱϡ
ž߹ʬǰǴǿߣǳ̣øӿ£Կвڡ˿̣ݻͷɴɱݻɱһ𶯣žž߹ʬɱˣɽһȺݣֱΪ˻
飡
飡
ֻһ˲䣬ͬʱɨԶڿоʹڿѪ
ɫɽۣŵ˸ʱ䣬Ƭɽ·˹¡¡춯ʱĵص磬ͬ㽻֯һӴ󣬽ɽ䶼С
ȡɽµԴԴϵתɱص磬ʮռ䶼ѹˡ
شᾡһС

뿪𻯵źɽ䣬ķʱеֺķѲ̵ʱ䣬֮Ƭɽ¡
ɱҪ࣬Ͼش󣬲ɱǰ㣬ʲôطԼֻһЩشƲܷӳ
໣
𶯣쳹ʮͷͬʱ˳ȥңʱɽ֮£˸Ƭڹ𣬸ʴգһУܡ
ž߹ʬв˿Ӱ죬ͬɱ¾ܰ׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵߣ嫺һ㷭ռ丯ʴ졣
飡
׵ŵ̫ϳϱľ߹ʬΧлһʱúǱֵʮֱӱһ߹ʬɣȳһѪңͬһʱ䣬һͷ£һֱ˺
⡭
ǿߣȻסȹɱƣ
̫ˣ죬
ɽ⣬Ⱥ𺳡
׵ŵ̫ϳϣǿڣȻתۼ䣬һֱۣ
䣡
ɽڣƣɱڣһ
׵ŵ̫ϳܣͬһ飬Ѫܡһ˸ɱ͹ʬһɭȻĶ죺СϷһҪŻ䣬͵һϵ۴һõֱ˲Ϣ۶
΢΢˫ۣһĨâϾƹ˵Ļʿڴﵽ󣬾㱻ն֫㱻ҲڶʱµǣһЩǿĴڣʣһѪҲ˲
ǴڣȷʵŽ׵ŵ̫ϳϣҾͿһؾٴΡ
ﵽǿ߿ɶϱؾۣȴǵĲٵѪһˣжôǿѪչޣ޾Ҳ˵һսֹ
һ̣Ļ£Ƭɽڣʮɱڣɱ˷£ľ߹ʬ̼˺׵̫ϳ֮ͨ⣬ֱӽ֮ûС
ۣ
Ѫը׵ŵ̫ϳϱĺɣֱӱ飬Ѫܡ
һĻɽȺһ̲ס
ǿڣһ̣Ȼ壡

ŭ𣬽׵ŵ̫ϳסİתؾ۶ӷŭĶ졣ֻǣӭģȴǸӿֲɱ͸ӿֲĻڣɽиڹ羪κ˰ѹ˹
ۣ
Ѫ⽦һΣ׵ŵ̫ϳϸңȴͷ­ıȽ⣬ּˣɽһ˽Բɵ΢΢һ
鵭Į̧֣Ƭɱ𣬲׵ųؾĻᡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ƫͷڵߣҲ
䣡
Ļ£ɱ׹䣬ֱӽ߸ǡͬһʱ䣬ݻɵĻһͷ˹ʮֻȱڣȱڣȻΪߴʬ߹ʬֱӳ˽ȥ
ۣ
ֻתۼѣڵ߱˺飬ʮԶ

ؾ۳ǣϢ
ɫɽۣ㸩ˣǣ˵ͼ޳ܲҪ⣬ʲôǣһ⣬ʲô˵ţƫͷڵߣˣ磬٣ĻҸһͷᳯҡһҡβʾãڣȴֻǻڱʩԶº󣬷ҧһڡƽƽУȴִŨŨĳ
㡭
ڵܺǣɫޱȣĶ졣
ĺܲң

һ𶯣һɿڳ̼Ƶʮһ̣ԭɿݵɽ䣬оͻȻһεˮԻЩˮƾ׶濴ȥͨˮûκ𣬵ȴɢŷ·ɻһеĲ

˷


594 Կ
һεˮƮУȥͬСԵúԲ󣬵ȴǽ֯һɷǳ˵Ĳʹɫ΢о˷ǳĵϢ
ûԥһܣɱ볯ѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ʬҲɱǰ
Ưŵˮͻأˣˮ㷢ݵֱӱͷһƬƬɱ⣬һ߹ʬʹؿڳһСĶѨǰ͸ȥʮԶײһʯ
ʱݣž߹ʬǺǿᣬɴ˿̣ȴô׾ͱᴩ
ɽ䣬ǸطɿɳĮȴǻôɲˮΣ⡭
ˮ
ĵ
ԶȺһݡ
ؼǧʿڿ󣬵һʱƿش֮Ҳǵ֮Ȼֻƿһ˿ѣܸƿһĴǲʵȻֻһ˿Ҳܿˣһѿ⡣
䣡
ͻȻԶһɿɢ
׵ŵ̫ϳɫһĽһʬɡʱ⸡ֳͬŨĵֻŵףһıѣһĴʯз飬·Ǳһεѹһ㡣
ǣ
ĵǡ֮
ţ׵ŵ̫ϳϿɷһУԭƿ˷֮
ɽ⣬Ⱥľһ̣˶˫ۣĿתĶɽڣŽ׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵߣһ̣˿ʩչ˵򰡣ΪǿΪµƽռҪǿǷǳѡ
ͬʱҲв𺳣˼졣
һվ꣬ȻƵǿʩչ˵
䣡
䣡
ɽڣɿµĲһƵɢƺҪһж
С㵱ΪЩֶΣܶԸ˴ǿߣ
ɭȻ
һεˮƯܣ˵ޱȱ䣬ǺĵӰ̹ǡ
Զ׵ŵ̫ϳϿ粽һ£µĵرֱӷˡ
ǿߣĿɭ

΢̲סЦ
ɱ󣬾ȻǲֶΡ
Цʲô
ߺ
Ц֪Ųûƶŵ׵ȴǸ貣㿴νĲֶΣһվʿУܽƵĺεҡ
ûصףӴǣȣʱ䣬ɽΪ֮
໣
񱩵쳹˻ģһڹ
һ̣ɽÿһռ䶼Ť󸲸ǵķΧڣɽ䶼ƿУȥձûڹһС
ߺͽ׵ŵĳ붯ݣƣǿǶоľ
ΪڣȻ¶η֮ɫ
С
ߺȵӿˮ֯⣬ӿȥɱ졣
һߣ׵ŵ̫ϳһƺҪɽ۵ɱȥ
ֻǱЦܣͷ屩ǣ£ȡʮռ֮ȡص罻֯ŵɷ֮ȻʵۣһŭХ볯ߺͽ̫ϳϳȥ
ͬһʱ䣬˫̧ӡһɫӿ뵽ڡ
˲ϢѣУɱƹâš
ﬣ
ɱ罣ʵĽ
ɱӡɽ˿ศʹɱܼɱۣһںɱҪնǿղ񷡣
׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵһһ̣ɱͻͬκһѹڣдƬڹǽŵ׳𣬶ʱ˴鷳УȻչֵȴǱɨ˳ȥ
⡭⣬⡭
찡סʩչʲôֶΰ
ˣչ˵Ȼ
Ⱥļ¡
𣡡
̶ž߹ʬˣ߹ʬѹߣľ߹ʬѹ׵ŵ̫ϳϡУ߹ʬˣȴ㲻ʲôǺƵͬոսĹɱˡ
飡
飡
飡
ǻеĻȭȭƶǿϡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƭɽڣͷܼɱ֮˷Ӧʱ䣬һνûһʱ䣬˻ɱܴ˲٣ȴɻʣࡣ
ۣ
ۣ
ϣʱѪը
ˣȿֲķѣѪˮһƬƬ䡣
찡
Ⱥ£
չֳǿߣһ̣һαٵ

С
ŭ𴫳ɽ
һƬƬѪ˸۳Σ־ŭĶ졣
ⲻֶΣΣ
վڳɫɽ۸ˡ
˶ʱ仰һͣڵߣɫʱޱࡣչ򣬳ֶβȴתۼͱɨɣ飬ñһĶ⣬ֱֱĳϣޱȵѿ
˴ŭ̼䣬񱩵ĵ򲨶ɢ
ߣһ߹ʬɱȥѹˡ

ߴ𣬵ӿ磬һƬ嫺˲佫߹ʬɨɡ
Сɱ㣡

ɲƬռ¶Ⱦ·ͻȻñ
һεˮ׹䣬ͬһ㣬Сϡ裬ȴܿúܴܼ̼䣬Ƭռ䶼Ťһεˮ£·ʯ㣬˿ռ䣬ᴩ˵رƬɽڣʱһʯ飬һľը
ɲ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
߹ʬһαᴩͬһʱ䣬һЩɱҲ顣
ˮǣꣿ
֮꣬ͨɻ꣬ɹᴩһУ
⡭
ɽ⣬˽Ծ㤡
ɫܼĵ֮ѹǵķΧ̫ˣʮһ̣վڳɽ֮ˣȴΧĵټɱֵ󣬼ǚiһһӰƳʮԶ
ɱ
׵ŵ̫ϳѹһܵһȫ飬ǳˡ
ҧкâ֯ƹ˸
һ棬ʱƬڹ𣬻һںڵĴ˳ǰӭȥ
ͣ
һ죬׵ŵ̫ϳϺһУٴγѹȥ
ĵ֯ܣŤһ鿪
С
ߺȵ
øܼݵԲ׹䡣ʱ򣬴ɽ⿴ȥطһƬʣΨɽƯ꣬꣬ȴǻԵĴ֮꣬ûκζܹձᴩʯᴩ汻ᴩ
ӳɫɽڵϣһ̣ˣо˾޴в
ֻǣη壬Ψеľâø財
һµ׼ǰ𣡡
һ̤棬ڣɱڣͷɱ£ñȷſֲʮطһԵĺͬһʱ䣬ž߹ʬٴζŵİӰɱȥ
䣡
һγײɽڣɱ⣬ɷܣϢֲͬ֯һը
ۣ
ۣ
׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵٴκɣһα顣
ȻҲûֵٺô׼ķǳ֣ӡͶʮɱоŸʬشһ̱ĺɣڿѪֻоλǾŸʬֱĸ
ǵѪվк⽻֯ʿȻܿ£
ͬһʱ䣬Զŭ
۳ǣɫԱò԰ޱȣϢ˥˴롣ɱУαܵĴ̫ˣһ̣ѪѾ۷ʱһ룬Ҳĵĺأɶˡ

ҧгݡ
קȭͷޱĶ졣Ѿչ򣬿ȴɱ죬һδεıشʹǵɫԱúѿ
Ϊƿһ˿ǳʥɱңڣǲǸоʧˣЦǺģǵ֧ʩչ೤ʱ䣬ǻã
վƬɽڣʩչǣصɷܶսôķԼֻҪɽµɷܲʧ޾ԶɿݡˣȴҪϵĺķѼˣǵܿͻɿݣȵɿݣǣֻ
վֱڵϺݺһ̤̼䣬ٴηڡ
໣
죬ͷٴԻˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƭâӵص׳𣬴Ƭɱ⽻֯콣϶


595 ɱ
ͷƬɸʴһеâܼɱ⣬ֲֿͬʱͬ嫺һӿɽʹط˽Ȼ
⡭
Ⱥļ£˵
ȥɽаɷ⸲ˣձûǻ谵Ǿĵһ㡣ͬһʱ䣬ƬռڣܼɱƷʮһɱ񽣰϶֮ûʲôԱ
׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵһøӶ

ߵͺ̼䣬һչ䣬ñ֮ǰҪܼࡣ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
촫дɱķһ̱ͬɸӰ㣬ǱιᴩѺۡ
׵ŵ̫ϳ˫붯һƬƬڹͬ״һ㣬ѹȥǵ״֮飬ɱ飬һоԷ顣
ӱ䣬˫Ȳڵϣƴӽŵײɢɽ·
ǵĵ֧Ŷãܻٴɱ⡣

Ȼ䣬Իɱնâ𣬷ѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һ߹ʬҲˣһ𣬺Ƶս㳯˳ȥ
䣡
˵ĴײƬռڵ򷭷ɣɱӿдƺƴ
׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵ߼ĺܿ£һУȻǵĵȻĴɱȴʵ̫ˣ޾ոձ飬µĴɱѹʹЩƣӦԣ·ԶҲ޷ɱңȾ£˻һԱͶвߴʬĹɱƱǱøӵ⡣

ɫޱࡣ
ǿߣȻһվʿƵǱ
𣡡
ʬʴ졣
˶ݵʧ񣬴ʱ߹ʬƵǰʱһæøǱ
ɽڣƿƬɽȻĿһСʱһĻŵʱ䣬صڵâţһƬɷ󳱡
һִƣɷ󳱳𣬷ԲʮɵĿռ䣬ûа϶
׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵߵѣԱܿɷ˳ֱӱû

Ҳ֪ǲҽлǷŭ屻ʴĲƲѪܡ
ɷȥתѪ۳ɫøҰףҲ


˫̧⽻֯ʮâ貣εɱҪٵһС
ˣȻ飬ֱӽɱ߶ޡ
һɱƵҰ˻ġ

ձն㣬Ҫ
ڵߺͽ׵ŵ̫ϳϺ
⽻֯ˮ֮ͷ֮ͬʱƬɽʱ꣬һһеĹγɣգرһ֮ʡ
Į֮壬ɱ⹥ɱ
䣡
񱩵ײתۼ䣬ʮȥ
ʮ󣬾˵ı𣬽׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵɣٴαѪ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲһһƷˮ򿿽ֱ˵֮ͷܵĿ죬ֵϣضشˣǸоѪʹЩطѿˣһѪ˲ϢӿϺ
кâ֯ȴѪˮȥĿĶŶˡ

۳ŭ
ûٶ˵ʲôִٴӿ
һΣ˿ʼһ𣬱һͷͷһɱ⡣
ವһƿ֮׵ŵ̫ϳ

дͺ壬ѹ£۳ɹ⣬ͷ­
ƫͷĮۿĵطŵ׵Ʊø財
ʱɽڣһ
ԶһͷʮɳĺԳ𣬰ĺٶȿ쵽㣬ͬһɫ嵽ǰһβݺݳڽ׵ŵ̫ϳϵļϡ
һ׵ŵ̫ϳϺɣײԶһʯϣڿѪ
𣡡
׳ͫѪٴη
ɽ⣬Ⱥһ
ǣԣ
ԣ˵е飬ǳټżмأȹһ˿ѪһѪɻһ죬֮𿹺⣡
ƬɽڣȻһͷԴţ
ȥƺҪǸ죡
⡭
˽Ծ
Գɽŵ̫ϳϣ˿󣬰վߡ
ƫͷĺԡ
Եͷ­죬ͫѪ죬ٴηһХ漴ߡ
Щ⣬ܿͻָƽ΢΢һ
лˡ
˵
ɽڣԹԭɱԷȴǷ˶ԷһΪöԷѪɱʵ̫ϧˡ
ٴν̴ڵߺͽ׵ŵ̫ϳһսͷԾʱ˳ͬʱҲЩпЩˣ޶磬֪жЩˣȴֻ֪𱨡
ҪԵǺʱȴο
ŵԷûзŴ
һɱǡ
˵
Դ𣬻ӦɫɷڹƵڣֱӳڵȥҲʱ췢֣ԱñϴʱǿˣѾ뵽˰벽ΣĺɫڹоȻ΢ĵ򲨶ǳǿ
΢ȲŵһĹ˲Ϣ𣬿ûڡ
ɲǼ䣬ԵϢøǿᣬǿ˴ΰ㡣
𣡡
ԼҲǸоˣһתǰ
߶ݣ֧ӭǰɱ¼ֵڣѾɣʱͷɲĺԳʱһɾ޴ѹԷŵѪɷϢʹô˿̵Щ㤡
Զ׵ŵ̫ϳŭ𣬱һƬʯվŭߡ
󣡡
ŭ
ѾҪԵ죬ȴͷԳһԷǿЩ£ȻΪûп뵽Σȴǲȴǿ٣һĹͷ˴롣
ŭƫͷ˹ȥ
ãղѾɱң
Į
׵ŵ̫ϳƫͷ죬㡭
䣡
ɽ𣬿ֲϢ֯˲Ϣ˵Ļ
ֽ̧ӡ˲Ϣɣһʱ䣬ʮϣԻ֯һȦһȦԲʮɵĿռȫ֣ɱ
໣
Х죬𶯲񷡣
һ̣Ϊƾеĵһɱ
̼䣬ͷЩӴÿһͷֻɳǣÿͷȴƻƣʮռ䡣
ǣ
⡭ⲻѰҵ𣿣
ԣѰҵҪ龧ʩչûôĹģңĹâҲûô貣⡭ǸǼ򵥵
˽Աɫ
ڵǱߣͻأɫ䣺ǣƣ㡭õ
ѰҵõСһɼɽ龧ʩչһЩ͵̽Ѱھ龧Ǽޣƿۣһʼ㴦һƵĸ߶ȣʩչĲǵ֮γɵƣƣǣشƶսֻƿʩչƣƿغ͵ش֮
㡭õУ
׵ŵ̫ϳȻҲˣ˿һ̲סһ
ǰѾʩչܶ𻯵ʱڷŵĴսУмƣԵսȻ֮ǰȴһֱԽŵûص磬˸ͿԲʩչĵʲô
ʱʩչƾֱԻϣ˷ֱ֣߱˳һʱ䣬˽Ծ㤣죬Ȼƿ
ѹ֣ѹܵһͷͷֲѹֹվɽڽսڣԭԭƿԵɽս
Ⱥ𾪡
ŵ̫ϳһһƣһ󷢺
Ĵа
ԶҲǲΪʧһȥĺɨʮԶֱӱ飬һ˫ͫȴǺȻĶ
ƫͷȥǴЦͷ̣˵ģֶΡ
໣
̶붯
һ˲ѣߺͽ׵ŵ̫ϳͬʱû
ۣ
ۣ
ĿѪըѪʮ


596 նɱ
ѪƮУ½
ƾ֮һɱΪ߶Ⱦֱӽ
ըˣ
𣿡
⣬
ɽ⣬ȫסˡ
ᡭꡭǿǣġ
˶¡
̫ˣ̫ˣ죬һ˵ȫ޹ɵķ

ŭ
ɽڣһɿ£Ϊһɿ䶯
ܿ죬׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵ۳õ
㾹Ȼɽֵط㡭
ŭ
ųƿǣشƶսɽ䣬ǡɾһĿµơһ̣ΪοһһεشԼȴǿߣԭĲԼɽӿʼڣǲǼ򵥵ںԿģںɽԿ
յСϷ򲻻Ź㣬һҪɱ㣡
׵ŵĳ
Ҳקȭͷ
ôǿߣӣδʵ̫ˣ
ڵ״̬ٿܣǾãԼʲô᣿
쵭Į
׵ŵ̫ϳϺԣʱһ𡣴ʱ˿̣˱Χм䣬벽ĺԸǣߴʬǣٻܼɱ⽫ΧƣһǣѾһɡ
һʱ䣬вɵ¶Щɫ
˵ˣǵĽֻ֣һ֣Ǿǡ

£ɱ𶯣˳ȥ
߹ʬҲˣӿɱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɷû
ۣ
ۣ
ٴըѪȾգƮ
ֻǣܿ죬Щٴγһ˵һ۶
ŭɫ࣬־ŭĶ졣
ؾ۶ٴ

߹ʬѾٶ֣ķֻɱɱˡ
ǿڹ⣬Ÿʴһеӿˡ
תۼ䣬˵ٴը

˴ؾ۶ɫԵøԹȻҲӵĲ԰ס
ˡ
ǿߣѾС
һ
ʱһѾԿĺ׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵߣǿ߰ˡ

ϧһ̱ٴα顣
׵ŵ̫ϳŭ𣬺һ۶һα顣
ŭؾԹĶ졣
ȥƿֿ˴ڲ֮أ
ҧ
ߣ
׵ŵ̫ϳϵͷ
֪ƿټ֮һɣѾˣ˲ͣץסһֱӳȥ
ӣ
Ц
ܣɱ⽻֯纣˰ѹˡ
㡭
ۣ
ۣ
գۼ䣬ٴα顣
һƬƬѪƮڿУȴǷ·㣬ֳܿλÿ£
£䶯ȥ˵ٴؾۡ
ؾʱ䣬䳤ˡ
쵭
ʼֻһܽ۶ڣѾҪķʱ
һɫࡣսڣ̫ܵصˣѪĵĺأѾ͹ȣʱؾǱЩѣʱȻܾá
쵭ĮһЦһɱѹ¡
䣡
ڽ׵ŵ̫ϳϺ߶ԣһѣ˴˿һɶˣοԵֵɱ󣿶ңͬһʱ䣬һߣ벽ĺҲڷɱǿֲɷڹת۾ͽǻ١
ۣ
ۣ
һδεı飬ӺѾؾˡ
һδԻɱ⹥ɱȴҲԳ׽ɱ

һ̣ƮڿУ䶯ҽкŭ
㲻ϻΣȴɱǣߵʿ겻࣬Ψͬ߱˲ܹɱǣƿҲûãܴǣȴҲɱǣ
ɽ⣬Ⱥݡ
⣬ȷʵƺֻͬ߱ˣܳ׻ɱʿ

𣡡
һڹߵĸá
Ϸ࣡
ߴȴһЩ
ࣿЦ첻мǰһǿŴҲҳԼ࣬һʿȻҲ᲻ࣿΪֻо߱򣬲ɱ㣿
ˣ
üֱӽ
ʶһ壬նʶ꣬а顣
㡭ʲô
ߺͽ׵̫ϳϴһ̣ļ¡
Ȼ˸ов
ɱǵĶ

䣬𶯣ֱΪһһڰ󽣡
⽻ֺ֯ף
׵ŵ̫ϳϺڵߵĲĸԸовԦٷӡ
ֻǣѪ㣬۳õٶȺټкԺ߹ʬܣοӵˣ
ﬣ
Х̶ֱѹ¡
۵һһĲҽУ׵ŵ̫ϳϵֱӱնһһѪû£ͬǱһ㣬Ҳû
һΣ
վ磬ûеɱɱ˴ǿߣ
ʶ󣿣ǺɫͰɫǡ⣿
˽Բ
ʿѾһ˿ƿ˵Ҳ޳˶꣬ѱɱһֻͬ߱ǿ߲ɱʿȻȴվΪֱնǿߣ˶Է꣬ʹȺһ
ɽڣ׼ڵʣµһ⡣
ҪɱϷϷģ֮һΪ㣡
ߴ
ûм˻᲻¡
ãһ㣿
첻м
㡭
ɡ
ûʲôö˵ģѹ£۵һʣµ
һĻʹɽһ˽Ǻݺһ
ˡ
ǿߣΣ𡣡
˲
һʿնǿߡ
һ̣˶סˣ͡
ɽ䣬ƫͷɽȥ
ƽԭֻ⳯ɽȥûʲôر˼ȴȺһˣ¶㤵ı顣һսǽǿ߶ˣӭȺܲ壿
𣡡
˳ĿȥֱӴ𶯲񷣬ɷӿɽ⡣
һΣȺνǳ׻̿ˣʱɢûߡңսѾҲûʲôɿˣһЩȻɢˡ
΢΢һЦԣǰɱԼȴάԼǳɽ׵ŵ̫ϳϣֻ⳯⿴ۣȴΪԼϲΧֱۣӳȺ𣬽Χ۵Ⱥȫˡ
˶٣źԵԸ뿪һ¡
Եͷ죬ֳɳصķȥգĿٴϡ
ڹ˸СջҳһԾͷ벽ԣȻܼ򵥡
΢Цû˵ʲôתɽȥ
ǶҲ˵򣬲֪ںη



߾ ʢ


597 
ϸϸһ㣬췢֣ԼѾһʱ䣬ټ֮ǰӵڶصһڵһһ꣬񣬷ֱѾʱˡػصڶʱȥ׼ң׼ҼưŰ׼ҴŵãᣬͰһ죬һ룬жһЩΡ
ȥ

ɽ䣬ѭһȥʧԶ

ʱ䲢ûйȥãܿ죬Ƭ
ɽսڣڵڰ̫ϳϴŶʮͨǿɱ漴׵ŵ̫ϳҲһϵȴȫնɱɽѪˮȾƬ棬ͬ˳㣬תۼɱ
ʲô
ڵĵڰ̫ϳϿǴڴ磬ǿڴʮȥնɱһˣټһ׵ŵ̫ϳϣȺˣȻȫնɱˣѵȥ澳ĴڣòƲ̫ܰɣֲǷˡ
ǣȥɱһصʿ죬ʮҡ
ɶʿʮң
һʿһսɱǿߣɱ˶ʮͨǿߣ
Цİɣ̫ˣ
˭㿪ЦǸȻֻǴղΣȴƿɽܼƺɱ󣬵ɽڵڰ̫ϳϵһսǿ߸ն
˵
ʲôƿ
ôܣ
ǿǾŴ֮һĴа⡭
˽Բ
ȵȣɻ󣬵ƿҪɱʿƺҲ̫ܰɣǿߣǳΨƿ˵˲ɱ죬ƺ˵ʿɣʿôƿеⶫ
һ˵ȷʵˣǣ컹޳ʶʶڵڰ̫ϳϺͽ׵ŵ̫ϳϵնˡ
޳ʶ󣿣
⡭
һ
棬Ժڵʥ˰ɣڣʳĻӹȣҲˣ
޵Ϊ֮
ʮ꣬أ޳ʶƿɽնǿߣնɱʮͨǿߣʵ̫ˡңͬһʱ䣬Ϣ컹ƿппһλϵĿʦƬһʿʮ꣬Ȼ׿ʦ

գܽᡣ

ڡ

һŭɵڴߵӰУŭݡ
ڵļ̫ϳϣڴΣ֪紫Ϣٿµߵ걦Ϩ˱֪ȷʵˣߴȥĶʮˣȻҲûһ˻
ŭĲУһǿߣʮͨǿߣȻôһСʿУⲻʵϵľ޴ʧڵ泹׶
Ȼƿ
ģ
ɱһҪɱ

ߴǿߣн֯ŭɱһɢƬرĲϴ죬Ҿзǳ壬ͱˣ˵ŭɱǴڣľ

׵š

ͬŭ쳹ʮֱ
һǰǰ𻯵ţѾʮͨϣʮϣһǿߣ̫ϳϣȻҲɱˡ


һˣ˫дŭͳޣ޲ýץԵ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳһ˿ֺ̿ͻң񣬽׵ŵʮϺʮͨϱɱ̫ϳҲɱ׵żʧȥеŵʵ͹ȡ
ʱһЩѹǽ׵űضٿµѣûдǿŵ£ʧȥʮϺʮͨͨɳϵ£׵ţжٵȥУ

Ѱңҡ

һļڵõ紫Ϣֱվ˫Ǿâ
ͬһʱ䣬Ա߻нһЩǿߣȣлȼա
ǲǿߣϧһдۣһҪõ
һļͺ

𻯵š
һ죬𻯵ų׾סˣǱһɼĴ
һˣɱһǿߣɱڶʮͨǿߣɱ˽׵ŵ̫ϳϣ
ʦ֣̫ǿˣ̫ǿˣ
ǹյ۸ǣȫ
н׵ţҲ𣡡
˺
ǰʱ䣬챻ڱƳ𻯵ţʹһ𻯵ŵȻ䣬˿̣Ϣһʱ񣬱Ǽ˷ܡ
Сӡ
֪Ϣɫ𺳣˼顣

ڣѩҹƣ˫ˮһ㡣֪ϢѩҹûмеֻŨŨĵǣʱʱա
úõ£ֻǿ
Ϊ˵
ǣʦ
ѩҹͷ
˵ţѩҹ˫ۣʼ
Ϊѩҹͷоâտտ壡
뿪Խ̵ѩҹУֻһµʱѣѩҹѾеһΪľ磬֮ߣǿ߶Ϊ֮𺳡
ԳԾ̾ϢŮǺܸߣô̵ʱﵽȸ߶ȣȴҲȫԣΪܿ̿࣬Դ뿪ŮһֱжȹûôйԼµӣÿһնڵ죬űǿȥ졣
񷣬⽻֯
һҪţ
е

ˣ͸䣬̸һˡ죡
̶һռ䣬֣֪
죡

̬
Ⱥʱֵ֣Ƶߡ
ȻЩȴû⡣
뿪ɽ䣬һƬ֣պһΰĴǰ
Ĺܭǡ

˵ţ˽ȥ
ĹܭǣʢһΪĹųǣһ䣬ǳܽгƣﻨ㣬ļ紺ԶȥĹܭǼΰǽʵʯɣͬһڴϣһ𺳵ĸоҪϢ
ԶƽĹܭС
߽ⷽųǣǳڸǷΰ龧бŮڣӦоУһʱ䣬쵹ǿЩۻˣָ߸ʵ̫ˡ
ǣ
ôǰ촫е죬ô񣿡
⡭񣬺ǡ
Ĺܭʿ˿̿󣬽ǵɴ˫ۡǰգɽնɱڵĵڰ̫ϳϵˣǴԣòҲǽĿһս˼˿ƬųڣʱһƬ˿ߡ
첻⣬ͣͣһʵȴƽĸ¥ǰ
󡣡
һۣС
ΪֳΪǳһڣ֪ೣ֪£һԣʿҪ֪ȴԼѰʱȻǸƬʳһЩҲвĳЩ¡
ֻҪۣ֪ĳʳĹʲôʱϴԡҲû˿⣬Ȼͨԣһǲĵ⡣
Ŀĺܼ򵥣ͰڴǰƬҪѰǣõƬټ


598 
װκܼ򵥣ӸмһЩ򵥵ԣԵ÷ǳ¡ڷͨΣвУһЩСʲôԶһӣͨһסӡ
ɨܣӵˣˣһЩŵˣƺѾ⣬˼ʲôɨЩʱҲע⵽һʱ䣬в˶һϳ
Ǹ죿
̲ס
ʱ䣬һЩƫͷǶס죬漴˶Ǻݺһ
ǰɽնɱǿߺͶʮͨǿߣƿǿʶпһλϵĿʦڡ˿̣Щط죬ܲľ
Щ˶죬Ŀ˸
ʣѯʣ
һŮ
Ůű̳ȹ毺ãź񾲵Ц
΢΢ͷ
ŮָӵȺ
ŮָŵλãĬĬվȺ档
ǰȥԼǰŻʮڵţסӦþӣų֪ؼǧ¡
Թ£Ƶõʱֵõ
ҡҡͷƽϢǰ
ǰ棬ŵУ˰Һǿһˣ˫΢΢ЩǰնǿߺͶʮͨǿߣЩͨʿԣֱħһͬʱŶӣѹܲ
ǸŶͻȻ£̡֪
ŶҲ£
ȵȣҺһ󵶣ôˣǺͿ£Ϳ°ǸŶС㣬뿪һᣬ̣
ǰŵʮУȺ˿ڡ
ܿ죬ʮ˸Ѱɣȫ뿪Щԭ˼ʿһɢˡһʱ䣬ֻʣŮˡ
Ů죬ңɨӡ
죺
ʣܽȥ𣿡
ʵ
ֻʣһˣ˵أ
Ů˵
ŶԱǸ⣬ųסȥɵ֪ЩͻȻ뿪ΪĹϵ
ƿһСӣڷһ̴ľһˡ˵䲢󣬿ɿȥɫȴЩ԰ףѪԵЩ˥
ӣ
ü
˶̴ľ棬ƽ죬᣺к⣿
üûлش⣬Ҳ˵ˡ⵹еЩͬԭΪӻһ׷Բɷǵˣȴ룬ȻһˣҿȥЩͨ˵Щ
Ҳûӵ˵ټ
ܸһЩ
ӵ
ͷ
䣬ּ˵˵Ȼֻòⲿѡ
Ӳٿڣʮ󣬵һٿ龧ͷС
ʱһüͷٴ
ͷСĺԵͺ𣬳Ӵ
һٿͷС龧ɲ򵥣ʮͨɵĵ̼ҲܹյһٿͷС龧
δЩʨӴ󿪿ˡ
쵭
ᵽˣܲԼӦǣҪķѼߵѪһЩۡԵ÷ǳƽɫԲ԰ףûеεԸȫƾԼǿԸ뿪
΢̧˸롱Ķ
ȴǶݣӺһ仰ǰһ仰
ǰʹһЩʿ˵ټʵЩȴ˵ĵζ֪Ȼһֱܵ͵ֳʲôķ粨Ϊ֪ϣܹһЩ
ԭνʵһЩɣϾƾ֪ǧ£ʵЩҪһٿͷС龧ʱЩ죬öԷʨӴ󿪿ڣǣƽĮĵ˺ܲЩˡ
ֻǼ򵥵ƾֺһЩ򵥵ò˱ܵ˺ܲܲȣҪ֪ʶǿʶܹĿӲûװģĳЩ
΢΢üˡҶʣҪķѺܶѪۣʲô˼
̧ͷɫԲ԰ף졣
㣬㡭
Լ֪ĶúҲȷʵӴĻƽ˵ǣؼǧҲѭֻߣ֪Լԭ֪ĶܻҪһЩ滻ºԽ򵥣ĶԽ΢֮ĶԽء
˵ĺƽʹɫһ
ˣΪӵѪԭȻôһ¡ЩˣһۼƣѪĵء
˶٣ͻȻЩ棬ʵŴټΣ
һĨ΢⣬漴»ָƽûǸ
أ󣬻Σ
ȷʵЩ档
죬鵭Įˡ
ɫȻôأԼ˵ˣ
ﵽǵȸ߶ȵˣǧжǵӡǣǿǵйص£ֻĴѡ£ֻйصĵΡ
ӵ
𾪣Ŵܿ£ﵽǵȸ߶ȣֻйصĵΣȻͻµѣֲһ룬ǵȸ߶ȵﵱ޵ˣһܹѵǵģҲֻˡ
΢΢һ׼񣬵л󡣡
ʱӣͻȻã˵һЩĪ⡣
û˵ʲôֻҡҡͷ
һٿͷС龧Ը֧ûô࣬һЩʱ䡣һ£һ£ҳְٿͷ龧̡
һͷ龧ûУƿƬȻʢ޴ϣܿѰһٿͷ龧
΢΢ͷ˶٣ʢħ龧ȥѰ١ǸطΣգһ
һĨ⣬ħ龧һ
˶٣վ
лһڣضݷá
ٴ׼˳С䣬Сĵϡ
ŮŶվͷ߳
ħ
һĨâĹܭȥ
ʮ뿪Զ
ʱǰʮӭűɱ


599 ħ
ʮ˱գ۶Ľֵʿ󾪣ȫȥ
ֹסŲ̧ͷȥʮˣΪ׵˴ͨɵһ죬ˣ쵽վ죬һɺǿս
ڡ
Į
ЩϵϢܹоʮˣȫڡ
ֵϣһЩʿȻҲ˳ʮ˭Щˣ죬ס˺߼ĳޣЩ˿νѾ
뿪ɽ䣬ȻҴҡڵĵ
ʮУһߺ
˴ͨɵһأΪ׵ͨǿ֮һһͨǿ߲վһ𣬱졣
ŶԷ鵭Įû˵ʲô
ȱ飬óɫ
ƿɽڣǺǿطɽ䣬㲻ֻһֻص϶ѣ

ԱߣһͨǿҲɫһ¡
ǰһսɽ䣬նǿߺͶʮͨǿߣʶƿľļ£һЩرشڣ쵱޵Уɱͨǿ˺
Ȼ˴ʱȴģΪĹܭǣطӲ̫ƣǹžлǿĹɱվأǣȴǴͨɲΣ
Ҳǰﲻɽ䣬졭
£վͨɾ̫ˡ
ʶ󣬿ҪһԸͨǿߣһʮվǿߣƺҲ
˵
ߺͻվһɫ䡣
һʿҲĿɭȻ죬ͬڿһʬ㡣
ЩˣƽĿڳϣϣ
֮ͨ½ϣ
Ц
𡣡ϣǲ٣ڣͦ࣬ǵţϵģ
ĻܲЦƽкá֮ǰһ䡰֮ͨ½ϡ˶ˬϾˣųɾŶǴͨɾ֮£һ仰ֱӱųɾŵˣЩܸˣ
˿̣һ䡰ϣǲ٣ڣͦ࣬ǵţϵ𡱣źƽķζȴޱŨҡһߺͻʿͨɾ֮£ڣҲǾųɾŵĵӶͨɾ֮£Ӧ˳ߵĻЩˣϡ
ڣϵĵط
ɫЩ࣬漴ñĶ
ϻֱӽ֮£Ȼţ輸λ̫ϳϷ䣡
ߵ
ȻӺһλǿߣɱ飡
һǳȥ
ͷСĺԵͺͫһĹ⣬һɷ֯
Сèһֻò֡

ӭſ粽ĳߣܿߵĿһƣһƳȥ
Цĵͦ죬ϧҲˣ
˵ţٴλƣӭ졣
ƣܿײһ
ۣ
ѪߵĴֱӱ顣
ʱ䣬߱ɫ־־壬ٺˡ
ϧˡ
ѹ£Ʋ䣬ڳ߾ֵУֱؿڡ
۵һѪٴνķѣ
ߣȺ󾪡
⡭
һһͨǿߣ⡭
𣿣
Һ
һƣֱһͨǿߣǣֱֲЩ֡
ЩˣȻǻߺһˣҲɫ
̧ͷЩˣڣɽ˵Ļǣһ޳ܲҪţ˶ãͻʧڵ򡣡˵һǰȥгһ߳ڣʧ
㡭
ﬣ
̶һѪԡ
գۼѣڵһʿնķѣ׹ڵϡ
չͨ似ֻǼ򵥵Ļӽ
ȻȻˣȴǸûܵס
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһһ߾ʬ嵹ڽ¡
ס֣
ߴ𣬼ͨɱ
һζܿͨгһڻߵҰС
ۣ
ƿüģͷ­

ܣȺһһͨߣһնɱͨߣս˼ɭһЩ̲ס

λѣڱء
Ҫɱ
ҽһƬƬ
ɫƽ飬һڵնֻʣһˡ
ĹܭУڵĲҵ
ʵ
һĴŴһЩҵҩԼռ鱨ȡĹܭǲãڱʮɱһͨɾǿߣܲµĹܭУĲҵݵ㡣
ǣǣǳϣϱλá˾ֵҪɱҡ
ͷһն˵ͷ­
ܣȺֻоˣһȻŹȥãʱ䶼ڱͨǿߺʮǿߣȴȻȫնһҲûлһ̶죬ֻ඼Ҫˡ
ɨһۣûͣѭһǰȥ
úǳضλãһǳݻĸ¥ǰ
¥÷һңϿĸ֡౦
ƽС
౦ںܿŲˣʿطһЩ
޹صˣ뿪
˵
ȺУһƫͷ죬Щãܿ죬Щʲôǰбģʱɫɫ֡죿
ʲô౦
˲Ⱥ졣
̧ͷһնȥ
ö룬˵ĻѾ˵һУڵˡ
ۣ
Ѫը˵նԭء
һʱ䣬ⱦڵʿʧɫ
޹صˣ뿪

ʱʵѾòѣһѾȥ
ֻգۼѣ޹صˣȫ˸ա
ͬһʱ䣬౦ʿȫ˳־ŭĶ졣ĹܭǺرѾһǿȥնɱˣôȴط
ɨЩˣʮͨɳһˣʮˣʶʮˡĮһЦгǰ治֮һĲСһСݵѣҲǲôء
ﬣ
̶նǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪҺǳĿ
ⱦУԵúܵȻܴݣһһɱ
ҽкͰһƬӺʮȫն
ɨһۣ߳౦һ󵴿
һʱ䣬ʮ䣬󷽡
¡
һ죬౦Ȼ̮ɳ
ûͣһԶȥܿʧǰ
ΧŵȺ̮ıǰ͸ĸ¥Ĳкȥֻһ߾ʬĿѪ죬ʱ䣬һֹסķ̲סҺ
ޡ౦ˣȫȫɱˡ
˶¡
תۼ䣬ϢǴĹܭǣùųеʿ¶ݡ
ڵˣҪѪ˰ɣ
Ѫ趼пܣɽ֮һǺݺݵĶˡ
˵ǻã
ҲǣʹŶԣʵǺܹ֣壡
꣡С㣬𱻴ڶУ
ۡ

ʱһΣȥա
뿪ĹܭǺһ·գʱһƬƶİɫرԵ
ȥƬããޱߣΨбɳһЩɫʯ
طͻأԵЩ
ħ



600 
ƶĴһ󣬵ɳвѺۣǳɿݡ
򵥵˵ƬνħǳĻɳĮй֮޲
ɨǰǿУƬȥȥѰ龧
ǰһЩ˽⣬ƬħΣգɽ䣬ĵ߲ʢȻͨǿ߲УԲҲп
Ȼ򣬵ħȴǴ龧Ҵ龧ɵĿԣҩˣҲʱʱ˿ƬħѰһЩô
ߣŲϵɰʯһ𣬷͵
Ƭϣܸȴǳ䡣
ĲӺƽúǳħг˺Զ߽ƬԳһƬΧܴĻԭƶ񤣬еһжǳְɫϵѺһ֯ţһ޴֩һ㡣
ǰһ鷽ʯǶڣ·һĹ
߳Զʯι״֯һɭϢǱѪˮȾһ㣬һЩʯӵģֱһͷĲ
˶٣⵹ɵ˼ͷĺԡ
ԣкһ˿Ѫģ
ʵ
ѪҺ֮ȷʵһţԱѡ
ѾΣ֮Ѱ飬Ȼܿԡ
лһĨâ΢΢ͷ˵ԵȷʵΪ档
Ӧþһ˿Ѫˡ
˵
û˵ʲôֻǰſͷһ˫ͫʱʱķ
֮ǰʹΪʲôΣԵĻشܼ򵥣һֱԭʼȥȻеٶȻȽȴǻȻεͬӴ⣬ҲȻεͬǿ¶ԷطҲһǱ֮
ǰһСŲٺɫɳڷһ㡣
֮ǣøӱ䡣
ǰڷϯøЩ߾
ƺȻȴ΢Ĺ
ͷСĺԵͺһ˫ֱֱͫĶźڷ磬ȻǸоʲô
ֱӣгһֱǰնȥûǹɺڷ֮С
͵һ洫һ𣬺ɫ
ǰһڵϷһƺɫë⻹һЩɫѪ
΢ȥȴʲôҲûз֡
ԭվƬ̣ܷɳɣû֣ǰȥ

żǰߣеķЩڶߺͣ
粽УֻоҰܵ˼ĸţʶҲԿԶ
Ҳʱоһ·һͷڶĲӴ
ûж룬һȥ
͵һƺնʲôָȴ΢ͷȥֻ϶һë֮ǰëһģһȻй鿿˹Ϯ
ɨܣֻлɳƮţֻз죬Ұκ
üĹâ˸ɢκָʲôҲû̽Ѱ
֮һ

䣬ŸɿݵĹѴأƬصȥ
ҪѰͰټͱӣԷҪһٿͷС龧Ϊ꣬òƬħ
ܿ죬ȥԶ
УȺιϮȴÿһζ޷ץסԷȻǰ벽ĺҲûа취ǿȴʼոӦԷĴڡˣƬƶϣ֮ܿãǰ
һ죬ǰһƬ֣Уû߶ԶǼʮӰ
ô죡ô죡ô죡
֪
֪ͲƵطˣ⡭龧Ѱô
ȺУ󲿷ֶɫÿ
Ժõ˼߽ƫͷȥƫͷǰ
Щƺ鷳ۼط
΢΢ɨһۣҲûж˵ʲôҲûֱͣӳǰȥ
ֹ̨ǰΣգ
һ
ԶһһŮ߹
꿴ȥԼʮһңŮʮңƺá
ͣ½ŲŮ
߹ָǰǰ֯ɱѾв档ԱߣŮŵͷСһ㣬òҵģʬ嶼ûˡҲңطˣǰвˣҲ˲ȥ
΢ɣǰвˣ˲ȥǰв⣬ȥǰȷʵЩ쳣ܸоһɵɭ⡣˲ȥԸɻˣ·ȥƽ̹ûзɳûˣôܻ˲ȥ
ƺ֪ʲôۿȥʱ·Ǻ·;Ҳ࣬ȴô߶߲ȥۣ󣬶ƻ
£
춯ݡ
˶٣ʱ·ߣһСʵ飬֮󣬺ܿ죬һĨɫΪȷʵ˵ǰ㣬һ۾ܿһгԣò˶þͿ˳Ƭ֣ʵϣ˰ӣȴʼ߲ȥƺһ˿ռʱ䡣
ûɣ

ͷ΢üͷħЩŹ֡
ɨǰ꣬ĵл̨ѡһ˲ȥǿ뵽ǰҲΣգȻõлܣǰһѡ
ˣ໥Ӧõġҡͷϴƽ͵΢Цi磬̨֪γƺƬʮˣŮˣʮߣôʮһ֮ãͻȻһͬˣҲǸоЩС
졣
Цŵ
ĸоܺãΪ˺ƽͣһַǳദĸо
֣һᡣЦָߵŮãС𡣡
С죬ѧ֣һᡣ
죺
Сһ£ǸЦƤĪ֡
Ҿͦõġ
Ц
⵹ǹ˵ûǵȷоŮһ㶼Ҳַǳദˡ
ͬܿ
֪ħΪʲô£
Цʵ
û򵥵ЩӣѰЩ龧ꡣ
ӣ΢ݣλӺĪ⣡
֪
㣬Ƭʢûм˲֪ɣԷս̫ǿȴ£ãûһδΪˣ֮ǰĳʳĴҪԷȴǱֱӾܾˡ


601 
΢뵽·ӸӲˡֻǣҲЩɻʵΪʲôܾǿĻʳʥأõĴǱҪúܶ౶߼䣬ƺûκεĿɱԡ
Ͳˣ֮ԵʱֱӾܾˣûκԥ

üԽӵĺ
ҲûãƽǸӣȷʵһˡ
˶٣ָֻƽ磬ˣأΪ
һĨȻܿͻָһλԪҪɿˣħܴҩײײϣѰһꡣ˵ţεɨһԱߵС𣺡ԭһģѾͷ̫ƤҲ֪£͵͵Һ棬׷˽
СͷƲ˵˼Ҳžһ
һ㲻ҺȣҾ͸лˡ

СЩգƺҲ֪Լĸ˵ʵֻСۡ
쿴С𣬲ɵһЦͰﵹмơ
Цʲô
С
ҡͷЦûʲôǾҵһѷǳ񡣡
ǸѣǲҲһƯ
С죬۾ġ
죺
һ㣬Ͱֱһģӿӡġ
綼Щ˼ˣ˵Ѿͷ軵ˣֱ֡
ţûãǸ
С쵹ԽԽкøУ磬Ϊƽͣ¶ţ̸»ȱ㣬ദǳС
ģɫðˣЩ
֪ôܳȥ£ѽҶûϴˡ
С档
СԴο𼱣ܳȥġ
ȥôףǰһżϿнƺǽʲôţһ߽ǰһɱ֣ͨǿߴһ֮أȴǸ߲ȥлܵš
ǰ˵
һݵ꣬һľ̾Ϣ
ô˵Ҫ
⡭
治ﰡ
ʮ˶ɫ
ôݻ˭
СȻҲ⻰ѾطˣʱɥҪﰡҪѽҪǴ滹ûԪɿǾԺڵ棬һҵģӢţǶôТѽ
ԣ̲סСһ£ô˵ģ
СűùĶͷƲС첻ٿˡ
һĻ첻ɵݸͰһ˼
ôۣа취
˵
Сʱ˫ۣ֣Ŷָ磬а취뿪ܹƿʲôƾ֣
죺
ָǸʲôĸ̫ˡ
̲סСһ£죺ֵа취
Ӧÿԡ
ͷ
˿ɱţƤͬһ㣬Ŷ㣬ͳƽ⿪߳ȥ
ǣ˵Ǹ˱ϣʧǿɾǴˡ
ĵطҲֻѰҵĴˣƽϣ
ǰ˵
û⣬Сʵѡأ˳ȥԭ·أ
ǼǰȥǴ˳ȥԭ·أа취
ҼȥѰıҩ֮ǰֿɷͳȥ
ĻһЦʹĺøжٴδ
һ˶ɺûеڶǷƿֱӳҪȥʾ粻£ӦúħǳΣգΣգΪ˼гԸðգТɷȽСͳȥǵԼõİΣǸֳˣֵýύ
ԡ
ͷ
ʱС𲻸ˣ磬ҲȥҺһȥȥòã
ʶ磬ԣ̫Σˣԭ·ȥ

ʱֻҪܹƿƬ֣Сԭ·أᵣǣΪСرﷵȥСڵر㹻ƽ¡
СҡͷԸԻȥҲҵˣôøһȥðա
ЩΣֲСֻͬСһǰ
εӣ첻ɵһЦ
ãɵ˰ͰԸͰһҲͬһȴǺͰһǾǣ۰Լá
ֿЦˡ
Ц
ҡͷǣ߰ɣСĵĸ󡣡
á
ͷ
һЦǳǰȥ
ȥǰľһ꣬佻֯ãͬ峿
ˣҪԴ󣬶˵ˣͬһ㡣
ǣԼѰҪϱˡ

֮ǰУٴοڡ
ҲһЩҡͷܹƿطĵƣһҲš
û˵ʲôǰȥֻССĵĸ
ǰ֯һʱ䣬ǰֱɢˣƮߡ
ǣ
ɢˣ
⡭ôܣ
ʮ˽ԱɫǰҲ˿һ˲ͱˣЩͬܳ˵ǳͣ߹ĵطЩ͵ȴȻɢ·С˹һηţһ˴󾪡
һĨֹǳˣ
Ǿǣ
Сŵ
˸֮ԭܿµɢʹ־棬ѰΪգǶΪǴѰ߳ǿߡ
ûʲôġ

֮ǰǸԣȷǽ֡һ߽ȷʵǰһɱ֣߳Ѱʿ߽ͨɾǿߣҲûޣҪôɱҪôƽ⿪
ܲɣѰʿĴߣⲿžųƿᾡشƣƿһ֣Ǵ꣬ʱ䲻Ҳ˼ֻ򣬴ʱŵûص磬ܹĸоƬصĵƷֲˣȻܹ׵ƽ⿪
ǰƽڵص׽ӣ֮ɢ
⡭
һʱ䣬ȺԶݡ
ܿ죬һ˸иֳȫ׷ȥ߹·ǰС
ȥܻΣգʱûκѡ񡣸ߣԭأǾֻܵűˡ
쳯ɨۣû˵ʲôŵӣǰߡ
ǰ粽ܣһɢܿ߳Ƭ֡
СʮҲһӿ˳
ղŲǻɵôˣ
Сʮ˺ߵ
֮ǰļԵЩΣǰǸ⣺С磬ղҵ飬ʶ®ɽĿС粻Ҫҵһʶ


602 ̵
첻ˣ⼸Ȼ֮ǰǴ˿ǸȻڼӸԷɫ
û¡
˵
ǰǸļ˲˲лⲻǡ
֣߳ǰȥɺģ޾ͷֻܿԶлһĹâڳԶԶĿȥѪһ㣬һ˵ĸо
һûйֻͣһ˲ǳȥ
ħΣ࣬Ǻö˵
ҪƬѰΨн뵽ɡ

粻ͣľһɳ
䡣
Сֹ˾䡣
߳ȥ¶ȱԱøˣƺһ½ʮȡ
ȻҲоˣȴûô⣬ΪǿȣȺ㲻ʲô
һں棬ʮЩǰһЩ
ֺ߳󣬺ܿйǧɡ
ǰһӣʮɳһǰ
ԶԶӣʱͷһһΣС
ͣ£
ǰʮ˳ſ粽ȵֹ
ֻϧˡ
ǰѾһֻſֻһ˲䣬͵һֱӻѪɿգͷӶûʣ¡
⣿
˾㤣ˣЫԶӡ
ʱ綼ǶݣſеҲΪʵףɾȻ߶ûܹ߳һУ⵱Щ졣
⡭⣬ղţǣô£
սս졣
ӣ֮

޵ƿشƣȻҲͼǧͬĵƣӱ֮һȵƱ֮ǰҪֻ࣬ҪУضͨ۷ǿˣҲ⣬ԳƵһ֮֡
üͷ΢ħ򵥣⻹ûеԶǾͷȿµĵƣίʵЩ¡
ǣô죿
ʵ
ƿߣӱԵԶ

䣬ұȥԶԶƿӶС
ӣƿصˮ׼ǿֱƿģȴķѲСľ񣬶Ĵ׾ֻ֣ҪоͲѣԣȻƾ׺ķѾȥƽ׾ֱ֣ƿ߱ˡ
СʮУܿԶӡ
뿪Զǳһ
ʱʮУ˶ͷѹһʯϾ֮ǰۿһﱻ޴棬ǻίʵЩˡ
Եøˣкɫɳ
طʲôɳڷ磬ǹ죡
˵
һƬڷСǱγһ߶
ƫͷȥӶʱһһƾâ
ж

ʱ򣬲磬Ҳо˲ԾǾĺɫУһɭȻϢɢ˳·һͷҪ˵а顣
ʱ䣬Щ˸ļ¡
ﬣ
춯ˣжһֱӳǰնȥһĿ׽⡣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳնâ˿׽
˵ĽâͬʱǺɫʱ䣬һ֮д˳
͵һһ鿪һͷ˺ɫëĹ֣һ˫ͫȫְɫŻĺëһͷƤĸо
ͷ飬һսƬħʱҲɫб飿һ룬Ӧûë֮ǰն¹
𣡡
ͷһ̣ȴһξʧˡ
춯ݣͷٶʵ̫ˣǿʶȻҲûпԷƶ켣ңʧȥ˶ԷϢҲ޷֪
Ҳ΢΢üͷȻҲЩԾ
ʲôģͦ£һΪҪȴôֱܵˣ
ֹ
ʱ򣬺һ󷽣ƽϺһɺɫĿ˳
˳ʮɸߣĿɫͬǾκһ㳯һѹ
ʱ䣬˽Աɫ
¡
ɫ˳ϯʹ涼Ϊ֮¡¡죬ͬǷ˴һ㣬һ˵Ĳ˳н֯ȻҲɫ
Ӱ
ʮУ˽е
ȿֲĿ˳ȥֵЩʵһǿߣĻһУпܵ㱻ĻѪ
ʱ䣬ʮȫ
ûͣҲǸԶˣٶȶܿ죬Զɫ糯ȥ
˶ߣΪףҲСΪʶţֻǱܣҲʲô⡣ܿ죬һ˱ֳ˴ԼǧԶʱĺɫ˳Ѿˣƺûм
оһͷųֵֺɫڱƵġ
˵ڵϣڴϢ˵Щˡ
Ҳкüڵϣ亹
쳯ۣҡҡͷ˵˼䣬Ǽȥ
һ̣ͻأɫŲֱͣȻһ
ô֣
翴ı仯ѯʵ
鷳ˡ
ͳ
ô˵ȺǶݡ
ŵվ鷳ܶûʲôµĶСǲ
ۣ
˻ﻹû˵ֱӱըˣס
ʱ䣬ɫԱˡ
⣬⣬⡭
ʲô
ղʲôҲûа
˾֡
ǿŸղը˵һ꣬˿ɫѩףղʲôûиоԱ˵ȴֱӲûʣ£ܲ־壿
СС磬⣬ô£
˶졣
СҲǶ죬ȻҲǺܲס
һط̵˼壬ǿ˶Իᱻ̵ֱԻ߳
ʲô
ǿ˶ᱻ̵ǡ
⣬⡭
˶ɫ
Ҳɫ΢Ϊ̵ĺܿ£Զӿȡ
ȻƿеʱϾޣֶζûгѧᣬĶƣҪƽ⣬ǳ鷳
С磬ֶηǷˣƿ𣿡
һ˶졣
ڣЩ˶ˣܲ򵥣٣ڸֵƷǳУƿǹֵˣٵַƬĹ죬죬Բһˣʱһȫ죬ָˡ
ȫ̵ǵһֳڣ߳ȥңƬڣлʱʱµȴԿۿĻмСġǿԣͬʱһɢʶ֪ΣգģҡסҪҶҶһпܲ
úúãһжСģ
ʮæͷ
Щ˿ԱߣɢʶĴܡ


603 һ
ɫ΢Ƭ̵Уίʵʲô£ڵϣŵ˸ɿûصף̽Ƭ׵ءͬһʱ䣬Ҳ뵽һ棬ǺɫĿ˳ǣǹ⽫Ǳ뵽Ƭ̵
һͷǵȺɫ˳У
뵽֮ǰһ˵Ļ
һ룬ƺܡ
Թҡͷʱȥ£һ̽ƬأһڵرϹ㣬ƬƵĸݱ䡣ƿɽԵص޾ɷܶսȴǲС
ɽ䣬طЩͬһִ׾֣ѵеƿصˮ׼ǲܰ쵽ģƽ⿪ﰲȫ߳ȥǾѾĿǰļˣң⻹ٵľ
ܣȺдڴûһ˴ţס˺
һжÿˡ
΢˸ŵƸ貣˿£ƬأڵصķݷͬʱıһЩ
ܿ죬ӹȥ
С磬ôˣ
̲ʵ
죬Сݣ
˵ͺȡ
ѯʵ죬Ҳ˵ˡ
罫ûͬʱҲΪ커СĶܡ
תۣǰӹȥʱԵվ
һʱ䣬˵ĿȫϣǴڴ͹
ӭЩ˵Ŀ⣬رַǣƬ̵дƬڹڹлһȱڣȱڣֻᱣִԼʱ䣬סֻʱ䣡ڣȥ򣬱ɣ
ôһ˵˶ʱһݺ˿Һֻʱ䣿
ǡסˣ
˲
˸âɨˣ׼ˣ
áãˣ
ˣ
ˣ
Ⱥ󿪿ڡ
Щ˶΢΢ӣʱ̵Ķ
С΢΢ͷ漴ҽŲڵϣݺһ
һ̼䣬Ƭһ𣬴ƬڹķЩڹ·Ҫɵ˵㣬ʱɭȻɲϢ֯ʮڣ˾ݡЩڹ˷Ψǰһȱڣ͸ȱڿԿڹĺаɣһ·ǰߵڹͬһ΢΢Ծš
ߣ
ͳ
µ˲䣬⣬
С𣬽
˶𣬽˳ĳǰ̶ȥ
ת˲

ҽ󴫳ˡ
ѪըܿҲͰ
ȳСڵڶҲ˳ʱ빪ӣڴڵĴϢͷǺˮ쳯ȥ΢΢ҡҡͷȴС⣬ʮУֻ˻ȫˡ
ˣ
ǡ
ǻţ
˾㤡
콫ĿջأС˼䣬ȥ
ɫ԰ףʱ뿪ħ߳ȥŲȥȴֻܸϡղŵ֣ѾиоƬĿֱֲǲ򣬴˿ǶԷأûڣߴһͻˣߣʱ򣬸ǵġ
ħĵһƬںڣǱīˮȾİ㣬ԽߣԽ䡣

紵ڿУһɳ
ɫʱѾҹʱ֣･һЩ
һ·ߣ֪˶ãǰͻȻһƬ⣬ȥƽϳһСأӲ󣬵ȴ죬еˮԴͬѪ㡣
һ𣬱ٱ䡣
Ѫأ
ͷƤһ顣
Ѫأмصһֿµƣ̵й֮޲һǻᱻĪǣѪڣһѪأضڻ궼治һ˲ȴƿѪ׾֣ǿȥƽ⣬ֻ·һᱻѪظȥ
ˣ
ͺȵһˡ
ˣ˶ʱͷƤһûκԥֱӳʱ·ȥ
ЩУȴһڵˣƮڿУһĪţͨһ׹ѪĳУ˶ûн𣬱ֱӳȥ
˳ۣʱͷƤ飬Զܡ
Ҳ֪˶ãֱͣ£˲ͣ
С΢༸ɫѩףȶӶڳ
ǵʲô
Сǰ
ӲѪ죬һƮѪر棬ǳˡ
Ѫأʮ˲µѪӣûһС

Сһ£ץԼ·ô죬ƹȥ
ѪصǰʱУҲΨзɡ
ãرеĻ̫ķʱ䣬ҪղƹȥҡͷѪֻҹ֣ҹһѪһˮԴصףǸʱ򣬾ͿֱӴ߹ȥˣҪκε׼
СͷŶ˵ˡ
ֵǷʶһ׾֣ѰҵˣҲԱȵ㡣
̾
ǰС̫ˣ
׵أۣôģ
̫ˣ
Ҳ
СڣЩѾħ֮ãȻ֪緢ʲôĴţȻ֪
ԴˣҲûж˵ʲôֻǳоż֪ƶѡ
˿̣˴һСϣոڣеøŨЩ
ˣɭɭġ
Сֹ
СԴվһ
ɨܣҹȥҪһʱ䣬ʱѪزŻʧڼ䣬Ϊȫǰ˿
˵ţͻȻ䣬һ
ˣղһѪУӦֻ˲Ŷԣ
ǣԼطŰ˵Ӱ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǶݣ쳣
жһˣ
˿־塣
ֱӶһâĿ֮˲ܡ
Զһ˴͵վţſһӰڿʳ˵ͷ­ֻѪˮԽմ˵գͷ­Ѿʳ˴롣
һĻ˶ʱͷƤһ飬ˡ
Сץ·Ż
ڿʳͷ­ĺӰ̧ͷ鲼ë˫һƬף죬ɭɭЦɭɭĻһ㣬죬еԽѪҺʱһ˳εεڵϡ
ǡǡ֮ǰֹǺڷеĹ
˲
ﬣ
ͬһʱ䣬̶Ľӽ׽ֱնǰ
տ죬ն׽ٶȼ죬գۼ
Ȼ鲼ëȴҲٶȲֻһαܿһɿ⣬׵ͫɭɭĶˡ


604 ʬ
ԽѪˮаͫĹе䣬һΣֻûֱʧ˳ȥԶͣվɭɭһ˶ӡ죬ݿݻƶͬǶס㣬һë˵ĸо
⣬ʲô
˶¡
ͫΣһƺ⣬ɭа
Ͷˡ

䣬гһ𣬽âǰİͫնȥ
ԱߣҲûгɣһƻӳһӲӵӡǰѹȥ
ݵһͫٶȼ죬㿪Ľ⣬Ҳܿӡ
ÿ죡
Զһļ¡
ͫһߣ׵ͫ׶һˣ죬ɭȻĹֽС
ͬĦƣΪ졣
ǰͻȻɫһݡ
ֻܣصðһѶѹĺëһ˫˫׵ͫ׳֣жӵص˳һͷͷһʼǰ֣ͫͬһƬж٣Χм䡣
ЩܼĹͶԣҪһʼֵǰͫСĺҲûһʼֵͷͫŨǣȴɢһаϢ
⡭
˷
İͫһ֮࣬ͫףҪжˡ
ĿɨܼİͫпһͷϴŽۺëƵĹʱһԷϻĽһʼħʱϵֻǸʱ򣬶ԷϮնйüΡ
ͬʱЩҲΪܹϢĿʧӦֱû뵽˵صǸʱûз֡ң֮ǰǺɫ糱ӦҲЩŪģҪȫ
ö࣡
СС
綢ǰҲǶһ
ʱǰʼֵͷͫٴηֽС
ƺһڰͫΪߣһֽкİͫȫɱм䣬ӿȥһʱ䣬Ǻɫ˳ӿˡ
ﬣ
еĳֱչնһŻĽ⡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۼ䣬ǰʮͷֱͫӱն顣
ˣ
һ߻Сһ߻ӶгҲǿʹһ
ͨɾ
ڶԷϸоңǳ
ɵò죬굱治򵥣Ϊսǿľˡ

ĲҽһߣѣʮͫûһѪתۼǱʳ˸ɾͷûʣ£ֻеϻһѪ
Ĺ
ɱ
𣬷ɱɫѩס
طԪ⽻֯ҲɭɭܼİͫｫΧ
ЩͫֻһͷͷǲʲôǴ˿̣ͷϵȹһϮɱޱȻң˵ѹνľˣȻ綼ɵüֻýĽܣЩ
һֽдͻȻΪ׵ͷͫﶯˣһ㳯ɱ
һ㣡
һĨâ
г𶯣âɢһնһٰʮ⡣
һһ߻СһҲ⡣
ﬣ
̶һնɱ嵽ǰİͫһ߳Ϊ׵ͷɱȥ
Ϊ׵İͫٶȺܿ죬һ㣬ܿնĽ⡣
һУٴˡ
ͬһʱ䣬˷İͫ﹥ɱϣȫϣһʱʹüͷ壬ʵЩ̫ˡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
չѪһ
ֻǣͫԶҲɱ꣬صͬĹð
Զ˿һɫһƬ԰ףɱֶˡ
ô죡ôô࣡
ܣܼĹɱ⣬ն˿־岻ѣ뵽ղһ˱ӵϵȹʳͷӶʣǸӿ־ˡ
еչһֻֻͨİͫסΪ׵İͫͬʱҲڿɫ仯ֱֹȥʮлһĨĹ⡣
ҹȥˣѪӦѾʧȥ
ͳ
гâ貣һɿµĽɢֱӼʮʱһһƬ𽣺ǽƬİͫһȱڡ
ߣ
˵һǰ
С⻹Ҳǲ׷ȥ
Ϊ׵İͫͺһɱϡ
ٶȷǳ죬ֻתۼ䣬ǳ˺Զ
ʹҲǽ󣬺ܿǳȥ˼Զ
֮ǰѪصλʱӹȻɿˣûԥӷɿ죬ǰȥЩͫʵ̫ˣҪ˵Ǽˣǿ߹Ҳɱɾʱܻݽ߶ǲ
ֽд̶Ϊ׵İͫͫ׷ɫ˳㡣
ÿ£
Сӡ
Ǿͱ󿴡
Сĸ
꣬ɫѩף˿̺޲ö೤ɿܡ
תۼ䣬˳Ѫصλãȥûԥͣ١
Ҳ֪˶ãˣȺͫﾹû׷
ǲԸ׷̫Զ
һ괭Ϣ˵
˿̣ͷ󺹣ʪˡ
ˡ

һôãҲ֪˵ֱ֣ۺԵ£վ۷壬ħѰЩһٿͨɲΡ
ǰʱֹס˽Ųɫ
ԶһߴӰڿ粽ͷݻҰݣһ纣˰㷭Ȼǻˡ
ƺǴܻʳһλ۷ʱڰ벽ΪԪɿݶ߽ƬħѰıҩңʬ徹ȻѾͨ飡
΢
ԣۺԵ½һ⡭ղЩ֣ͫηʬ
Ե¡

ǰʬÿһ¶˵һȻǳĿֲ
ļ£벽ǿͨ飬ôԸ
ֻһ߶ѣûʲôöԸЩܼİͫҪࡣĿԴͣӦʬͨ鲻ãǺһˣԼ壬ˣԱȽɵİ
úãһСģ
Եµ
ʬƺᵽ˻˵ζʱſ˻׿ĳ
Ҳʱȵȫ
䣬ֱӼ׼ҵĴʬѹȥԪʮ
ﬣ
綯֣һһ׹䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ۺԵҲ֣ȫʩΪǿֶγʬѹȥ
ʶСҲ֣ǺСƳһȦâ
¡
һ죬еĹȫʬϣʱʬʮԶ
ߣ
һǳԶ
ȻûԥٶȶǷɿ죬ת۾ͽʬ˦


605 ħ
˦ϻΪףһһ·񱼣ֱȥӲͣ
ҲˣҪЪһᣬЪᡭ
۴Ϣ
ԵҲһղ԰Ѫɫһƨɵڵϡ
״Ҳ֮ͣǰƽ̵ͫһսһ·񱼣Ȼȥɫ糣ʵϣȴѾǺķ˲٣˿ҲȷʵӦͣЪϢǰУˣΣҲܸõӦԡ
磬Էһ·ϴŻС𣬴˿ɫȴҲƽʱһ޶
ֺǿ
Եĵ
ҡͷǫ޷ȣָǿһ·ĿĿͬУҵȶ֪ȥܵظ˼Ȧˡ
ͱ𻥴ˡ
С𷭰ۡ
Сһ£ûò
Сͷһ㶼硣
ߣָǿ󣡱ǿ
˵
ʱգﵹԸ
ҹʱ֣ħŵ䣬ʱʱ޵ͺ
ԭͣЪ˴ʱʱʱ䣬쳹׽˻ʱɫҲЩҹѾȥˣ峿ʱ֡
߰ɡ
˵
ʱʱ䣬ۺԵҲǻָ˲ٴȥ
һߣ졣
ʱȺ˲׾֣һβʹƿͷƽ׾֣ȫᱻŨѪУҲ˲ͬͫնǻΪˡ
һ죬˿ĿİƬ
ȥƬشڱˣպѹѹģһַǳѹֵĸо·ؿڱͻأһǧʯЩԺ
µĵط
Сֹ
ǰܺڣŲɽߣͬǿһ㡣
⣬С磬ĸ
졣
һ·νһ˴Ӹ׾ƽظһ;ϵü˽𾪣һϣѰҵЩ˻Ҫ
˿̣ǰִԼʮɽߣȥһûʲôҲûʲôΣյϢǣ˶Ҵ⣬ȫǽĿ죬жϡ
ָ磬ѽ
С
һ·ϣ첻ʵǿνǴ׾֣Ϊ˺ǫѷһҲû԰ʹСĺܣһһָ硱𾴡
ҿǵ¡
ǰŵ˸ûصףƲ̽ʮɽߣֱȥκ󷽲ͣ£ָǰ̽صף֣ʮɽߵڳһۣҲ˵һɽߣʵһ
˳ȥ
ɽߣǰÿһ£ŵ׶˸ɿûصףԸ֪طһСģɽߺԶһƾâƬɽߵĵص磬о˰ңΪƿصã
ûж˵ʲôֻǽŵӿƸ࣬һƵӿصףͨ
ⷽɽߺܿȴǺܻ谵һɭɭĸо
հɣ
հɣ
հɣ
УΪ˵ŲǲͣĻš
ܿ죬ʮȥƬɽߵĵͻȻζ
ôˣ
۱ɫ
ɽ߻ζķǳңͬǵ˰㣬ʹվȡ
ѽ
һдСµĵرͻȻ飬ֱӵȥתۼʧȥӰ
С𣡡
ɫ
Եһ΢ŵաղţƺһֻëצץסĽ󣡡
ƽʱƽͣ¶ţɴ˿ȴһҪС׹ص׵Ƕӡ
ʱ֣˻
оâ˸ɨӣһ𣬶ʱ䣬ƬɽٴͲ
Լ䣬ʮɵĵͻȻѿСӰһɰ֮Ʈ˳ͬʱԱ߻һӰΣ鲼ë
ѽ
С𾪽УȻˡ
ŲһΣ˲ϢʮԶĪǰһѽСԼߡͬʱȭһȦڹԽŵӿڣȭˣֱӳǱ鲼ëȥ
飡
ﱻУ¹صס
ֻһͷƤļһʧˡ
һĿ´ֱȷСûʲô£ǳ˿漴л⡣
ллָ磡
Сһ¡
û£Ӧõġ
Цһһָ硱Ľ𾴵ĺܣΣգȻӦá
ƫͷ£һƺëڵϣǴĿ
һƾâصף漴
ղǿˣˣһëԳмصһֽħơǳŨĵطƬɽߣȻħôԿ϶о˵ţһ򵥵ıǣҲӦ֯š
Ũ⵮̺龻Ӧһֺܰ͵飬ʵȴȻаΪʳҲϲɻѪ⣬ŮѪ⣬ϲԲŻᱻһħ֡
ΪǰħͨǿԶϵƣԵ壬ܲ򵥡ᵽʱ羳ħĳһڣϧԷ̫񣬲Ըƣԣֻý֮νնɱ
춢ɽоâ˸ŵ׵Ƹܼһ·쿪ȥ
ղţСץ֮ô콫֮Ѱӵص׾ȳΪɽߵһʼͳŵصͶƣƬɽзǳƣŽС𼫿˻
УҲϮСͷħĿ£ղƿƬɽߵĴƣȰƹɱħȴǱԷӵˣɴˣб΢һʵۣͷħҲܿȰ벽ǿߡ
ڰ벽ܶԸ
Դ
һֱſͷղ칥ɱħȻо˶ԷĴʵ
ãɽһҵ򡣡
Ӧ
Ƭɽ߲׾ֵƣ·İطȻǰɱ󣬵ǣԸһ벽Ķ֣Ҳûʲô̫⣬Ը⣬ԿԽ֮նɱ
ǲ˵ʲô
еľâƫͷ˵Ǽȥɡ
⣬𣿿С磬ղ
Ե΢Щǡ
Ȼ֪ħҲ֪ʵղŴҴһƳȴҲܹоԷĿ£аԡ
ģû⡣

춼ô˵ˣԵȻɣС˵û⣬Ǿһû⣡
һЦǰɽȥ
Լһ֮󣬿òٺ䣬ǰûȻڣҰһЩֲ꣬Լ֣ι״
ҲʱԶһƻâһߵĺһǣ֦ҡҷŨ㡣
뱦ҩ
С¶ϲ֮ɫ


606 龧
뱦ҩһߣͨƴ˵е룬ʴ˶ȱҩżǿںδ棬ݴԪ꣡
뱦ҩ뱦ҩ
С𼤶
ðħΪѰҩܲϲ
Աߣ綼Ȼˡ
һߣۺԵ˸۾ˣıҩһڴ󱦣
΢˸˶٣磺֣ȥȡɡ
һ·ദļãúкøУңΪѰҩΪĳھТˣȻȥң뱦ҩȻ󣬿õ絤꣬뱦ҩǿˣⱦҩҲôǿ
һ죺⣬𣿡
òΪѰҩ𣿡

ԶۺԵȻȴԺһȻҲϾҪǲù磬Ǵͨɾ硣ңһ·׾ƿһЩˣܹߵҲһ˿ͣʸȥ
ȵȣﻹһ꣡
СͻȻֽе
Զһͬһߵĺ꣬Ҳһ뱦ҩ
һ㶣漴Ц¸ˡ
һ˿һߣԲժһ뱦ҩСĵ
ллֵܣл˶ضǣ
߻أл⣬ܵ뱦ҩ˵ȫ졣ңһʼֻһ뱦ҩʱ쾹ǲҪ֪ǿıҩֵߵ﷢ֱҩ챾žԵȨҩԼУʱȴҪĵĸж͸м
ڣ뱦ҩ꣬Ҳȡһ꣬ʹİһЩ
һߵۺԵ£΢΢Ҳлλǰǫá
΢Ц統Ϊ˲Ҫ֪ۺԵµʵǰԣһжҲ޷˿谭ʱҲ˵лӡ
ллָ磡
СҲл뱦ҩõȷǺҪ
ʱﵹԵ÷ǳɡ
쵭ЦɽһۣһҪȥأ
ѰҩѾõҲûбҪټǰУԷ˳ħˡʵѾ߹·ո֣ʱߣǿǰܿȫ˳ƬħӦû⡣
ЦԵֹˣһȥһȥ
һ𣡡
С𸽺͡
һЦԵºۣȻǳƼȥҪ֪һ·ϣǿȫܻţɲԶ졣ûǵǿʵʱط߹һЩ׾յػǰܿһЩǿǵʵȴǾԲֵܵˡңƬħҲѰһЩڣ죬ǾϣѰ
Ǿ߰ɣȥ

Ŀ龧
Ȼһ뱦ҩľϲԪֵǺܾˣ
ƽ֯ڵص磬ܸоŷǳŨܴң֮طħĴڣţⷽɽԻ龧
£ǰɽ
˸ȥ
żԽȥԽºͣĲҲǱԽԽŨ
ܿ죬߳˺Զ
ʱһŨҿµɷֻܿһźߡ
Ǹղ
Ե±ɫ
Ҳݣ綼⣬ȫоһɼΪµϢ
䱸ܿٴγԾԷٶ̫ˣǾȻԿ塣
Ȱ벽ǿˣ

ʹԵºһȰ벽εֵ
СС硭
Ե졣
֮ǰ˹ԷƺʲôرֶΡ
Ĺ˸ŵӣĿƶһնλá
Х̶һڹ⣬ն
һһźɣҽԶıǽС
ʱҲǳ׿ģ¶ɫħһЩżҲмȿ飬ʱ壬˶˳
⣬طȻڣⶫǷǳټ壡
Ĳ
ħһԳĳһ·޵羳
ǰħվͳһߣ鲼ë沿Գ޼
ͫ׳ɫ죬ɫͫдһ˿ɵͬһʱ䣬ҲһɨС𣬾ͷ촽һа֮⡣
żصǰа񣬱ƣ
ߡ
ҽڵһ𣬵дХڵص׷ڣӿ϶
ħ죬ɫͫдɱ⣬һ˻𣬴ſ񱩵ɷ
ɷ죬ȴʵ̫ǿˣԵºֱӱķڵء
ǰһ貣ȻҪ칲ս
С

ʱ򣬵ص׵Ѿױʱ仯һڹ˳
ħӭڹˣֱӱǱûС
߶ڹ˻ɱ⣬ƣͬһа㣬նͷħʹ֮һ漴ǲҽбԶ
ŭ˻һħ˲Ϣûصףٴζߣƶû׷ϡ
ӵĵͦ졣
΢΢֮ۡǰͷħץСֱӽصף󱻶Էӵ֮ħ˽䱸˵ǲٴˡ
ƮżɫëȥЩˡ
֣
ͷħǿߣܹоĵȴͱˡ
ǿ
С˫ĿŹ⣬ֱֱĶ졣
Եºۿļ£𾪣Сˣħܻˣ
˵𺳵ĲУоһ
ҡͷЦ漴ż˼ߣͬʱ֪Сĸߡ
УĲԽԽŨ
żߣ벽ħǰֹΣһαһεĹȷʹԵºսսģ˱ǲˣΪÿһħϮǱˣʹħߣ˶Ƿ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱ򣬿еŨ㡣
ȥǰʯͻȻˣڣһƬӨƱ
ǣ龧
۶ݡ
Ե¸𾪣⣬áö࣡
춼סˣǰ龧һĶһ뵽ʯ֮ڡϸϸ֣ͷС㣬Щ龧ٸͷС
ԿԳƵһڱء
¶ϲɫô龧㹻֧Ͱĳˡ
ңʣ࣡


607 հ
ٿͷС龧ʵЩϲ龧ȻʮСɵĵ̺Ҳôࡣ
ʱХħѹ˹ŭӡ
Щ龧ƺĿ
ߣһ𣬶ʱһƬڹ⵴ֱӽħʮԶ
ħ˻𣬹ڵϺһ˲ʧˡ
һûȥ⡣
ǰг´Ƭ龧ۣһٿͷСˡ֮Сĵ뵽ʯУ֮ΪԺ֧ӡ
ǹȡһЩɡ
˵
ҡͷѾóһ뱦ҩﻹҪ龧
Եºǰȴ־ò˼Ͼǵûʸȥȡ
쿴˵ľнԳһЩ龧ˣȻһˣȻǿֶأЩ龧°ɡ˵龧ҲͷСˣóȥĻһǳߵļ۸
⡭лС磡
գ˽龧
ﻹʣºܶ龧壬ŵ˸ǣƬص׵ɿܣʣµ龧ȫΧγһ
֣׼ʣµ龧Сһɡ

صأķһͷС龧֮󣬴ӵصأҪķѶʮͷС龧ڣӵصڰأԼúķٿͷС龧ϣһ
ﻹʣµ龧ԼԽһС̨ףһʣ࣬ЩʣԵ𲻵һãȫ輸ˣҲûдãǵΪѾˣͶվ졣СʶһķѲ˶龧һдЧһС̨ס
Ѿһ뱦ҩ˼С龧
ҡͷ
ûϵ
Ц
СԸͰƣһ·ҲǶ𾴵ĺܣܹչһ£Ȼչˡ
գС˹ȥһϲı顣
ɣС磬ֱǸħˣô죿ŵģ
Եµ
ʿйУмǸţңħǳǿԵº۶ܵġ
û£ΧЩƣ⣬վȥ

˵ţΪȦһµķΧü˾ʹȦķΧ֮ڡ
ãҲһΪС㻤Ȼòš
˵
վһߣܣѾˡ
һЦС龧ϥ£ļֱת
һʱ䣬â͸ܵ龧𶯣龧âӿڡ
Ҳ
С£Ҳ
죬˿ӿСڵ֮ʵ̫΢ˣǰӿڵ龧âһӣôӿСڵֻһС
ĬĬܣ֮ƽ커Уעܡ
תۼ䣬Х
ħٴγ˹ɫͫǷŭ֮ɫɷ졣
ͷħԣЩ龧ǿ񣬾ȻյĿ
һֱֱȥ
ס
ͳ
Եº۾Ĳȴսе
һ̣ǰͻȻһƬںɫĹĻһӭħɣٴιʮԶݺݵײڶһڿǽ֮ڡ
˶һǰﲼ˽ƣõħ˿̣ۼ룬ôǿֱӽħ˳ȥ
棬ħɫͫеŨطϧǺɫȴʵ̵̫ľˣԽǷײԼͱɵԽԶ
ͷСĺӵĮ䶢ΧڳײǺɫϵħ
ħ˻𣬲ϳײȴû˿á
ģ˱ƽǲĳɨȥ
Сˣ
Ե˵
ʱ򣬼ǳ׷
ĻһƬһֳĸоħײʼ
ˣ
Ļ֮ڣ龧Աߣâ˸Ϣһ
ΪкɫĻĴڣʱѾȫͶ뵽С
ĻǣƬصµĽƣԷΪǰ벽ʿܹƿңʼǰҲԣúעܣϾҪУʮ㰲ȫǺбҪġ
ˣ
ϥתļܣ龧̵˿˿ƵԾͬһӰ㣬ɽڡͬһʱ䣬ʶڣǣЩ龧Ϣ뵽Ԫ֮УĴԪĥԪڵʡ
վεˣһĴԪʹԪһδηɱ䡣
âܴ࣬һƽ֯⣬â㡣
ͬһʱ䣬󣬴Ƭ龧Ҳڿġ
Ļ⣬ħŭ𣬿һĻ󣬸ӷĳĻ
ϧȴ𲻵ʲôãĻǣƬɽߵµİ裬ǳǿᣬħ˿̵ںطĴƶԿңȴƻֻרעڷһϣˣôױ㽫֮ƿ
ǿĽƣ
Եľ
һδεħĹǰĺɫĻȴһѺ۶û
ʱ䣬һš
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱԭѵ龧ʧ˴룬ۣԼʣʮͷСҲʱһɴڳȻƵ˷
лһĨâհ죬Ԫô̫ˣ
հΪԪʵ̫ˣľңǴɢԪҲǻľˡ
ǿ
ԵºȻҲľ
ϥڵأ˫ۣâһţܹоԼ뵽հ졣΢΢ȭͷ֪ԼڣԪøӴѪҲøӻʵ֮ʱ޴Ψֻ仯
ҡҡͷֱ˫ۣʣµ龧֮հصΪ硣
ˣֹȥһʱվ
ϲֵܣ
ǰ
ԵºȻҲϲ
ʱһС˫ۣգգۺվһǳϲӣԣллָ磬С̨ףʱУֱӴʶڶشﵽʶأνǴЩˡ
ϲ
Ц
ʱ˻𣬼д
ħɫͫ׶ߣ־ŭСĵе龧ЩԭҪõĶ
ƫͷȥлһĨĹ⡣
ӣƣǲܵ¡쿪ڣǾͣ
͹羳ħǸӦóˣڲۣǣİնһ벽ħû̫⡣̫ǼǿȥԻһѡ
ҽŲڵϣ΢΢һ̼䣬֯Ƭδ󽣳˳ȥ


608 ëȻ
δ󽣱ڣһƬͬȺڳɱֲЩˡ
ﬣ
ʵĽХδ󽣺գֱӳ˹ȥ
˳νЩˣԵºɫȻҲ𺳣̫ǿˣֱǿԻһа㡣
ħ˻𣬻ëѪһĹɷˣѹȥ
ͣͣͣ
ͬǻϨһ㣬ħɨĴɷѪȫ
δ󽣺նֱӹħڣһ֮նɳȥԶ
ǿ
Сľ죬СǣݵĲˡ
Įһƿظδ󽣣Źȥħն¡
Щ󽣶ɵصİɣÿһ̺ŷǳħǿܼȴ󽣣ȴҲԿ⣬תۼֱɨɡ
ڵϣħ˻ϵԵøŨ
Хһĺɫëһ䣬ͬǺɫĽ졣
ëܷɳ
һ
ûƶ̧˸һ𣬶ʱдƬڹγһ̵ķݣյħĺɫëȫ
漴һգڹݻһֻ޴ƣͷħȥ
飡
һ죬ǿħֱӱĵĺɣѪҺڿС
Եºˣ벽ħоȻ˵Ĵ
ħ˻ݵһʧǰû뵽˵ص¡
ʧˣ
۾Ĵķ
˸һһѪǰλñħ
ȻӵصϮղȫûио
Ե±ŵĺһ
Įוּһڹٴ۳δ󽣡
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
δ󽣴գֱնħ˷
һִƣƬɽµİƷܣ콫ħģ˫ֽӡʹóڹ࣬ƺƵĳħѹ¡
һ죬ħҽУٴκɡ
ն

ƽص£δȫն˹ȥ
תۼѣħѪأҪжң˼ˡ
¶죬һ̣ͷħһ˿־塣
ǰֻ࣬վ磬ȴ·׵ɱ
һ˻һΣٴû¡
ִӵ¹ɱ𣿣
Ե¶ʱ
һΣħȴʼղ
žâɽ߸ǰӣ룡
Ųһ˲ԶҽŲڵرһ𣬶ʱ䣬һȺڹ⵴
һǰʮ⣬ѿħƬѪҺ
ħ֣ٴζصס
Ӳˡ
ƽ
ص类鲼ƣ˿̣հʵǿˣԸõƿơʱ֮ǰעص׵ƣٸħ
Ųƶܿ죬һνħƳ
ħ̫а񣬴ﵽ羳ģˣǾԲ¡
ĳΪô͵
ۣ
д󽣺ɨٴαħ
ǿ
⣬ֱ鰡
Եº𾪡
ʱһ˶Ǹ󣬿ǰĳ綼ˡ
죬վΪȻ׷ɱһͷȰ벽ǿߵħ
ָ
Сһݡ
ǰƽ˿Ƭɽڣص׵İΪٴθоǰδеǿ󣬺𻯵Լɽʱһ޶
ʱѾ׷ȥ˺Զ֪ߵⷽɽߵĺδطܵĹֱðˣұȸսɽߵʱ࣬ȻΪǿʿطҰҲԿȥԶ
ﬣ
δ󽣴̶ٴνħѪҺٴһƬ
ħͺϢ˥˵͹ȣѪ־ֿ֣սս
ħѾ߲ˡ
Եµ
ǰԵ²ɵ˿Һһͷ벽ħҪնɱǰ
űߣڰڹӿٳ۳һɳĳɱ
û˵ʲôɽµȫע뵽ɳδУ𣬳ǰն¡
һ̣͵һ˲ñһƬֹסĶͬһʱ䣬磬Ե£ۣС𣬸־循㤡
ǰ֪ԶĵطһƬڰȻƬĺڰ֮Уһ˫ɫӺ䣬䣬飬·һС
˫ɫӣƺ㣬ϡ
һ۳δɱ̼飬һǹɢ
ϵ亹ͬˮһ£ӭ˫ɫӣһ̣һָˣΨз·ܶһеıӽŵ׳̼ȫָоȻԿ۷ǿߵڤħʱҲй
ȻҲһСΪҪʡ
ͷﵽ˰벽ĺԣһҲǾֹ֣סĲ
ɫߣޱĮ
ӭ⣬ֻо඼Ҫֹͣˣ£һƬ䡣
ʱо˼尾ޱȵļ尾
ʱ䣬һš
һ̣˶оţʱ̫ˡ
һ䣬·һء
֪˶ãǰɫڻϣڰ
оϷ·һʯȡ˰㣬˽ѣڴϢ
ԵµȻҲһСֱȥ
ߣ

־度£ıԱƽ
ʱ˲ȥնɱħˣˡ
Եµ˸֣źơ
Ҳֹ֪˶ãԶطɽ֮߳һûͣ£ٴǰУֱѾɽߵӰͣڵϣڴڵĴϢ亹סϵ䣬ɫѩһƬ
ǣǣǣʲôʲô
۶¡
Ҳ΢ƽ
˫ɫӣһСȴֲˣֻǣһʱĸоһֱ˫ɫӵˣ׻һУʶУֻϾܶԸˡ
ǿס岻ϰٴεǿƽ
߰ɣǳȥ
˵
ߡߣߡ
۲Ӧ
ԵҲǷɿվطǵһҲˡ
£·СԵº۸󣬳ȥ
һߣա
պһڿħǳһ
ʱ䣬һ˵ľǻָ˹
̫ˣһҲˣطֱһħ򣡡
Ųӵ
Ҳˡ
Сֹ
ǰɫӾʱǻָ
۲亹ȻҲһ顣
ЦСԴȥƽˡ
ôǾֱɡ
˵
һٿͷС龧ѾȡֻȥӣԷͰټ


609 ټ
ħԵһ໥Ⱥл⡣
ָ磬ʱ䣬Һ͸棡
СԶ֡
ϵıºͣЦŵͷ
ĸоúܲף϶һɹӦ򵥡
ûʲô
Եټ
΢Ц
֮󣬼˷Ƿֿѭһ·Զȥ
ڿгǧԶ̲סͣٴγħķȥ
˫۾

˫ɫ̫ͫڿɲˡ
һ۲ħͣ÷ŽĿջء
ˡ
ҡҡͷٶ룬ٴԶȥ
һٿͷ龧ѾѰӦÿ֪Ͱټˡ
գٶȺܿ죬һξʮԶ

ʱ䣬һαա
պĹܭǣ߽ųڵ

ŮŶһ̳ȹףǰЦźк
ﻹˣȻҲ죬ʱ¶ݡ
죿
⡭
ѰҺڵ˶ĴѰȻôҡڵĳ֣
ľ
ŮŶͷû˵ı飬ԼߵԱŶӵȺ
ʱǰ΢΢һ
ǣǸŶС㣬ͻȻһЩ£Ȼȥˣݷã
Һȥҩģôˣ
⣬ҺҪͨɴˣŶʵڱǸұ뿪
ǸɷǣںѰҶѰңЩ˿ɲվһ𣬵ʲô鷳
תۣȺɢ˸ա
죺
ƫͷŮŶ
Ůû˵ʲôɫԵúƽ·֪һ㡣죬Ǽ䱻סСӣһ롱Ķ
Ǹĵͷʾ⣬ƿǰӵ˽ȥ
ӶУĵƺ֪һ㣬˵
£Ѿ׼õ龧ȡװһСʯеݸӣ鷳ǰȻɫ԰ףѪȴܲ򵥣ǳ
׶ѡ
ӵ
ݳСʯȡУûв鿴ֱ
ӣֻŶԷʯ̧˼ŹֵĶûرĵط
ܿ죬ʮȥ
ʱͻȻһоӵѪ˼֣ɫԲ԰ˡ
ǰ㡭
΢΢ü
ӷ֣ûʲô
ͷʵǣǰλѵټ
򡣡
ӵ
ʲô
ʱһ
ǶãѾƬˣȥ˸ϲ
뿪ˣ
ʵ
ƽһǰʳĴأصʱŻ򡣡
Щˣ⡭
ڵһЩ֮ǰ𻯵žͲż֪ͨʱŻǾأҪƬﵽ򣬱ͱȽزС
ʢ޺һǿҲֻܸͨһЩ䣬ʳĴ󷽿ɴﵽأӶѰʱŻ졣û뵽˾ȻѾȥ˵졣
һʱ䣬Щˡ
˶٣ʵǰʣλѣڿǰȫģ
ֳͨأͨɳڣܰȫ
ӵ
춯ݣ̲סгô죿
ͨˣﵽͨɳˣٶȣЩˡ
ֱʱûô󰡣ңǱȰΪš
ܶ࣬Ե˵֮
ӵ
ſڣͰõ˴
ʱӿԣѪˮ
ʱعǰǡ
ҡͷǵѪԵúƽ
嶼ǴߣصĳǣҪСĴۡ
ӵ
ʱɫˣ˵ټж̣Ϊ壡
ˣ򵥣ڣĳ̶ֳ˵ܿ£
ǰˣǸ
˵
ҡͷƽ㸶˱֪꣬£Ӧá
ͷٴлܸоӵѪ࣬㣬ҪĻԲֹһٿͷ龧ȻҪһǧ飬Ҳ֡
˶٣̲סʵ֮ǰ˵һʳԼߵĴǰ룬ȴǱܾˣΪΣǻʳƺࡣ˵ţֵЩɻʲôðĵطǰ¡
죬ҡҡͷʾûʲôϵ
ʵǰΪξܾ
ȷʵܺ棬벻ס
˵ӵȻǼǻʳʥأλҲԲͣ˵Ҫ÷ҪҲˣ㷱¶ǿ˺ֹ򱶣
죬ûش𣬶ǵʳҼڻѰңʱǱضʹÿһ̵ټÿһ̵λãЩƺֶΣ˼άȻǲǿߣӰ׷ɱ㣬ӵﶼ㲻ʲôطܲնɱΣԩ޳𣬵ʱ᲻ң
һ𣬶ʱݡ
Ȼûش𣬵ȴˡ
һܻЩ棬ܻЩù£ЩµʱӾУضⲻҪӾܾʳ룬ǲĳһʹԼ֮С
ʹȻ𾴣ٴ񣺡ǰΪߣ̣ܽ
ҡͷֻⱨӦѡ
Ϊ߲һжδܵգǰдȴԸһʹԼУһƬСأÿԵıΪ࣬һⱨӦۣǰǫˡ

죬лһĨ΢⣬漴ָֻƽ
СݴãЩڰͰ£ǡ
˷лǰˣ
л
Ӧõġҡͷѵõ¶һƵЦף㵴һвƽ֮Թ
΢΢ٴεл˳ȥ
ô
ŮŶվ߳ʵ
ǰܣѽ⿪ɻ󡣡

ǰܡĸ֣˵ĺġ
ϣ˲࣬ӣһˡ
Ůϴ񾲵ЦԵúƽ
СѰҵˣڷѰ㣬֮ڸӼС
Ů
ͷȻѰҵΪ㼱еѰƿѾ¶ѰҵˣôܱƽڸУ֮Уһϵҵ˻֡
л
˵
Ůҡͷŵ΢Ц
Ů߳
򰡡

һ룬ԼҲþʵˣ֮ǰߵ
ع뿪߳Ĺܭǣ漴Զȥ
˸ں档
ʱԴ


610 Ѱɱ
һݣ˸
һ㣬治оûз֡һҲɺԵĻԿǴڰ벽Ρ
ˣʵΣ
ʵȴǲɫԶȥ
ܹʮˣͨһˣͨˣͨɰˣͨɾһˡԴϣһɺƵϢûŨ
һĨ⣬ƵϢûŨ
Ѱң
ͷЦһȻô׷ˡ
ɱ׻ٵȫ
Ե
ȻΪѰһء
˵
ûͣƽúڿĹܭǺܽһС
ʱͣת
ǣ׼صʲôʱ򣿡
Į
˿һ߶ľȥҰһҲûС
һ̣һЦ𣺡治
ʮӰ߳ͺ˵һУͨһˣΪһꡣͨˣͨɰˣΪ˸ꡣͨɾһˣΪһߡ
Ⱥˣ쵭ĮһЦƽѰң
һĴ׷Ѱýֺͷ뵽Ϊʲô
ѰУһֻèʸ
ʮУΪ׵
УЦ̵Ϊѧ֮ˣֻǵλǰĴжѣֻһСǽҲֻǽҵ˵Ƥëˣ͸˵ִ󻰣㽭УǽλǰںεأͲλǰ͸ʱճӣһǽ𣿡
ԣһ˽΢΢ɫ
ϷǸ˼
Ϊ׵߳
ֶͨ죬ųܻٵ޵лԻ͵һֱ̧ѹ죬ֲ㣬ܴλѾʱ䳤Уȴɶ֮ľη˿ýҵ߲ݣ
ˣ
쳰
Ϊ׵ߣɫʱ࣬Ϸֻλѣ
˾ˣ˵ʲôأα
첻м
ߵɫЩĿɭС
ϣαһ֮˷Ѵֱ࣬ѹѰɡ
˵
߱죬ͷԭһȫʬˣ
һ㶣漴ٴδЦ
ȫʬ˵ĺһӦöԭ뷨жƵģлɱңϴỵ̂һתֵֻô׷뽫ѹδ̫˰ɣûܻᷴȫ𣿡
ߣɽ⣬ƿվһڣսǺǿﲻɽûʲôƸãڣ㲻ֻһֻվСѣҽô㣬ô㣡
ᵽΪ׵ߣ˫۱һȣǳҹâ
𣬻仰˼Ҳ˵
һЦ
Ϊ׵ɫĮϷûʱĥƤӣ£ֱѹ
߻һ䣬ʱ䣬Ա߶ʱ˶ȥ
ȵȣʱһʮУǸվ˳Ц죬дεưϣ뽫ѹ
Ϊ׵΢΢漴ǵ˵ͷ˸Ҳû˵ʲô
Ȼ˶ڻš
Ÿ˸վһλϣƺ⣬ȴǽķռȫ
ɨһۣȻܿǵĶֻǣȴһҲ⡣
Ŀ⣬ǰĻϡ
껺ӭסѹ˵֣롣
ӭ죬дưĹ⣬·㡣
ԴˣֻǵĮһЦ
δﵽͨأսӦǲüʵڲǰħһС̨ףﵽհ죬иͨصͬǿվǰԼʵ˶١
ΧľŸͨϵϱǿߣȻԼǶ֣ȴһҲģļϿſһͷ벽ĺԣɽնʱֻһԼǰս˶ѡ
΢΢һ⣺ǰ㻹Լʵͨأ촦վ磬ܲ
ͨضѣ˶̫Լ£㵱㲻ʲôҲֻһսѣգĽ֣Ҳֻаһ;⣬û
˵
Ϊǣ
վѣûпشʱʲô
֪֮ˣ
ҾŸϱǿ
ϵĵЦʧˣΨâͺ⣺һ֪ĻжôĿЦǸʱֻҽ°ģңˡ㣡
˵ţ붯ˣһ죬һֳֻѹȥ
䣡
̼䣬һ͵
ɼһƺǿ
ۣһƾâһʵûʧ
⻰ڽУɫŨѰҿڣڽһУʵŽǰ壬ȴȻơһʵûʧȻѣǷ̣ˣǶ裡
ѹ㣬ֻһɣȱֶϽȫû⡣֮󣬴ʶѰһǴʱһĺܲңң

һѹøǿ˼֡
һǿͨΣΪժ֣޵£ųƿɷһС
Ŵѹ죬Ťƺʱ顣
һ׼ҴչһӴӰʮɸߣָ£ƺƵĴӸ߿ѹȥ
䣡
һ˵ײط쫷ϯֱӱ˴Ƭ档
ͬһʱ䣬ߵľ꣬˲˲١
̳ɢȥУ˽վԭء
㲻ֻѡ

ժ֣Ȼ΢Щ⡣
⣬첻ʵҲǲ
Ӧ
ˣȴǲûСԷȷʵ򵥣ȹŽǿࡣ
Ȼñӿ񱩡
˺죡
һ죬չժ֣Ʊøǿƹø¡
ƾ㣿㲻УգֻܱҲڽ¡˵ˣֻΪҲʵĹ߰ˣ˶ѣ
Ц
ܿǸȽˣȽˣ͵ĿԷݺն佾֮ģˣʹԷŭɱ򵥡
ȻĻеĺŨԼ
ժֿ񱩣죬ʮ
Цٴμ롣ͬһʱ䣬ǚiһһӰ̼бƵǰȭֱӺ¡
Сģ
ҾУ˴ѡ
ɫͻȻչֳٶ̫ˣԷӦ
㡭
飡
ǿһȭڽϡ


611 
һɣݺײڲԶһϣֱӽϡ
룡
Ҿ˽ԱɫΪ׵Ҳ⡣Ѱһŵǰ֮еˣ񣬲Ÿսͱݺݻһȭ
ŽɳȥλãЩǣ죬ȻǺ䡣
Զһ𶯶ľɣվǴѪЩˣ־ŭĶ죬иֳ˺Ĺ
лһĨĹ⣬΢΢˫ۡղһȭȺǿУһͨʿҲñվ⽭ȴֻЩѪձЩ׶ѣɼǺǿЩ⡣
Ƥͦ񣬾Ȼû
˵
ƽڽȴޱȵĴ̶
죡
ŭǶĻ棬ͬʵһȼա
һⷭ䣬ֱӳ
һŹν֯⣬һͷӴף֮Уһչ˫ᣬһɻ쫷磬ɱ¡
װ˱䣡

ƽٴγӰʮɸߣǰ
һӴ׺Ӱײһһζ¡
䣡
ͨײҲһ𣬽ɱһ͸Ŀ
һʱ䣬ǲ¡
ۣӰʣУ˫ȭһȭȭӳݵײȷʵҲȷǳǿᣬԶȹŽǿΪﵽհ죬һսƻЩѡ
飡
飡
飡
ȭཻͨײշһ죬ʱʱһѺӡ
Ƭڣ˲٣һЩʯУ͵ı
Զüнâ
Сȥ⣬ȻҲǿƺܺ뿹⡣
һ˵
Ÿտʼѣʱܿ⣬֮ܣ
⺢ӣڽһʵԶֹһ㡣

ţʤ
ΣСնӲһȻѰ
˵
ͷСĺԵֻ೤ͫĮɨ˼һۡ
䣡
ڣԪӿͽ뼤ҽ棬һ˵
ȥʮ˲£ֲ١
ҿôãͬûмǷǳˣ

ֱ̧֣һɨ;ƻָһƬཻ֯Ľ⡣
̶϶
ǱһȭɵˣڣҲ˼˵ĻӶˣ
˵
ʱɫһ˵͵Ϯɹѣʲô£
˾Ǳˣ˵ʲô͵Ϯʲôڣֻ߲Ż

ϸֳŭݣһٴαǡ
װ˱䣬˫ݻֹɱƣֻʩչһֶѣɱδչھʶһ£
ŭ
һ⣬״䣬а˵ĹӰ֣ͬǰͷһ㣬ÿһͷǰʵÿһͷŷǳµ𶯰˷ա
һЯ˵ӰϮɱϣѹ죺úƷһ£
˵ްĹӰһ𣬴Ӱ˸ͬķλɱÿһӰڹɱĹжǲϻζͱ仯һ޷Կĸо֪ܡ
ĿɨȷʵоĲ򵥣ֻǲ򵥶ѡ
ǾͿ˭ࡣ
˵
ȭ𶯣粽ɱϣͬʱ˫ֱֻӼ׼ҵİͨǧɲǼ䣬ƬռڣǧӰ֣ÿһӰ֯ŷǳ˵ͬȥĸǿߵ걻ٻ˰㣬鲼ʮ
ʱһһǧӰΧܣʹ΢΢һоһ⡣
ҲʱǧӰȫˣɱϡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĴײǧӰ˻תۼûķռ䡣
ʩչĽװ˱ͨ򵥣ӵаֲͬĹɱƣͬʱʩչͬһսڲ֮ءȴֱӼǧԶڰ˵Ӱȥӭһǧ԰ˣÿһٶӰӭһֹɱƣһװ˱ݻİֹɱƺܿͱ飬֮Ӱʣ½١
ЩӰͺˢˢնϣͬʮشݺײڽϡ
ۣ
Ѫɣһ˴󴴡
Ҫ֪ǧΪ׼ҵİͨǴڴͨ۷Σ
ΧҾ˽ԱɫһǿߣȻһαɣǿĽװ˱ͨȻ߽ˣ
ôܣհѣôܵеùͨص룿
š
У΢΢ȭͷĵͷΪ뵽հսȷʵǿ˲٣ͨźͨĽһսܹĸоԼڵԪתø˳ˣͨʩչҲøӦ֡

ѪɵĽ룬Į
ѪؿڶȾˣŭ졣
죬˵ʲô
һøӿ񱩣ͬȼŵһڷ
Ž룺ǷϵҲ̶õľܴﵽͨ죬Ӧȫ龧İɣǲһֱĵرڴĥɣԼҵ治ܴﵽȸ߶ȡʵǿľΪȴʵ̫ͣ˷һͼüۣһоʹС
ԶҵľҲɫ΢Ѱһѵõţʺܾˣȴ̫Ϊ̫Ե½ǷǳױŭֻûˣʵԶֹȲΡ
ܸõĿԼУһжֵ
Ϊ׵
̫̣Ƿûһ˵ȻܸõĿԼֻһ
С
Ϊ׵ɭ
ʲô𣿡һҲĮ˵ҲһҲǷϷǽңǷҪķǺһһ죬һһעڲ˶ʱ䡣
˵ʲô
ʱʹþ˸ɫ
Ҳʱһ
죡Ƿ
ŭ
ƫͷȥдŨŨĲм˵Ƿﶼ̧ˣ㽭ҼϷҪԸʱȻ߳һưı飬ҪһѹңɽȴƬ̼䱻һȭѪֱҵͨɨɣֻҰһȮͣʲô˿Сɣ
һֱӱŤˣС󣿣˵С󣡡ŭ𣺡ɱ㣡
һ񱩣а˿ͷС龧ɳÿ龧϶֯Ծ˶ʱ䣬һɼΪ˵ĻƵǸطһСƬռֱӱˡ
龧̣


612 
¶ķ֮ɫƿ޾֯γƣȻǰ龧ɱԼ򵥵ֱǹعǰˣ󵶣ƿᱻ򵥵ˣ
ɱ
𣬴߶˿ͷС龧ѹȥ
˿龧֮Ƶһ

ٴ
̧֣˸֯һȦֱӽ˿龧ǣϾԾŵ̼ǰһ֣˿龧ѳƿأƮߣ˿ͷС龧ֵл
Զȫɫ
ǣ
ƣ
ȻƿʩչĽǼ򵥵ƣ
˽ľΪľһʱ侹˽뱻е龧
ʱ̧֣ٴοڣҲһ顣
䣬ᵯָʱһ龧ƮŽ˹ȥ
޾Ծƽ֯ϣʹûøӿ£ֱըһռ䡣
ֱʱ򣬾˲ڴӼƵʧлعɫ䡣
룡
˴С
ǰ̳ƮţеѪڿС
漴һŭ˳
ѪƮһ̵е֯ΪһƷ
Ʒס˴󲿷ֻӦͦ졣

ոŤˣק˫ȭŭ𣺡龧ң죬ԵĶ̵⽻֯һѪɷȻƲС
㣿Ц⽭룬ɵĹԣҪԼá
ɱɱɱ㣡
˻𣬴߶̵ֱӳɱȥ
וּһţʮ
طߵĴľʱѣвȽĵ±顣
ƣǿܿ¡
쵭ĮһЦһʯ̼ɢһɸǿµ

ʯɳֱӽĶ̵ɡ
ң˶ˣһһӰ˲ڽǰֱһƳ
žһһȵڽϣ֮ĺԶ
ԶҾ־ŭ죬ȻƷ룬Ȼһαˣ
սУ𣬳
죡ҳҶ⣡Ҵ
ɫһޱȽˣ죬Ȼֱӳ⣡
וּһ̵Ƶ˷һС̫
̣ʯһ̵
ôˣһҪ
ʩչǚiһͬٴγڽߣһƽ֮鵹ڵϣ̧ҽţݺһŲ£ֱڽϡ
һŵȿɲᣬǳݣ㽫ȱΡ

ҽУͬʱҲŭ
̧ȣһκݺ¡
Ѫݶ˲١Ϊ֮𶯣һɹС쫷
̧ȣݺһ丹
һɣײڲԶһľϣٴ³һѪ
ﬣ
У̵𶯣϶
ƫͷʯ֮ѹȡУֱӽϵӡĨ
ԶһٴѪϵľӡʱǿĨȻһ˿ˡ
ң
ŭ𣬰˿龧ᣬˣͬǷһ㣬Ӷ˫ȭȭͷâʢҵĴĿʩչһͨɱ
ƫͷ㿪һȭһţٴڽ븹һνɡ
ǚiںɳȥĽǰڽ廹ڿвصʱȭͷĻֱϡ
ۣ
һȭȫ˽ۡ
ҽУǱڵϣձøŤ죬á
ۣ
쵭ĮȭһΣ齭֡
΢Σһ齭ϥǣһȭ£֮ҵڳ

ҽУ̶һ˲ѣ˫ۺȫϵˡ
ʱԶҾѾǿŭѡ

˳˹Ϊ׵߳룬ֱɱ졣
û˿仯ƫͷͷĺԡ
һ˲䣬Զˣһ뿪ļͷһӰɳ
ۣ
ǰĽһͨǿϢը
ҼͻأԱɫߣô£
ǳɱǰֻһĹȻһըߣˣ
һʱ䣬˶ǲɵֹסΡ
Ҳʱһɿֲ֣ɱһ˺ǣֱӻʮɴСͬһԶްͫĶһˡ
ʱ䣬Ҽɫ䡣
ǣ
ԣ
㡭
Ҽ˶ĺԣ죬һ̽ǱɫȻΪ׵ͨɾҲ⣬ߣһͷ˵еԣңʱͷʮɳĺϣǷо˵ĵ򲨶ͷƤһ
ͷԣڰ벽Σ
ɨ˼һۣʼʱҲ˵˵ôһɱ̫仰˼
㡭
־ŭ
ʼѹֻô˾ɱδ̫ˣͲȫʱǾ̫ţطɽ䣬ûشƣοܵסǣһֱΪֻһ̡
Ƿ죬ûشƹʱطϣôô죬ʱƽԼĻڣǾ仰˼վҪʲôشƣߣȻһͷ벽ԣɵǣ
벽ȻֻҪռһ֣ǾҲǺͨʿͬһˣ벽˵ĵɱͨʿͲͷԴԲǿԵˡ
һʱ䣬˶Щˡ
ɨ˼һۣźԵ˺ǡ
ԵͺֱӶˣһ˲䣬ա
ֻǶɲǣұһͨǿ߱ڳС
䣡
ڹ˸ɷױһ𣬴Ƭڹһϡ
ۣ
ҲǴͨأܳĻεס벽ĺԵĹɱ̼ĻƿҲںԵڹ±飬
˵ľŸϱǿߣֻʣˡ
ʱ˽¶֮ɫȫһ˳һ
Եͺ˶βɨһϡǽҵһͨɰǿߣһβ֮£ķѣ
ˣ
һֵѰȳ룬Ȼ뿪
Ϊ׵ߺ
һЦǷ̣ϰ׳գѱˣȻžˣȻгһҪˣȰɣԺȥȡ䣬еĳն£ֱ׼˽ĺ
Ҽ˶ʱԴ󾪣ס֣
Ǻݺһϵʧתۼ¶֣еҪɱ
ۣ
Ѫͷ­ֱб˳ȥ


613 һ
Ѫˮ䣬ͷ­俪ȥһغˣ˫ȴĵţŨŨľ֡
ʣµסˣ󣬸ŭ

Ķ㾹ˣ
ˡˡ
룬ʶԣǽһѵõţ̫ױŭɾʳĻӲԸһ㣬ʵһĳɾͽһţȻ㱻նˣѰҶԣһʧ
ƫͷɨˣֻеĮͷ̡
ɱǣʬ塣
ԺԵ
Ե˵˶ͷ­Ƶֱʣˡ
䣡
ڹ⽻֯Ƭռÿһ䣬ɷˣҵȫǡ
˶ԣԺԣһֱ
˼ǿͨɱӿϧԺԵڹʱֱӱˡ
Կһߣͬǹ⣬۵һһ˵ؿڹᴩ
βڶڶ˵ĳգصֱ˵Ļǡ
ͨǿߣ˲

˴𣬼ϧһֱӱٵƬǰźԵڹ˵ڣĵ¡
һߣĿǰһĻû˿仯һƬĮ

ҽ𣬽һͨɰʿն
ǿĺԣˣҼ˸ֵˣȻΪҲһ
ϣôô죿
˵ľŸϱͨǿߣֻʣˣһͨɰصͨɾΪ׵ߡ
ߣ
Ϊ׵ߵɫѿ
ʻˣ⻰ﻹԥתԶȥ
бɨȥӣ
Ӷݳȥˣſһҵڹֱӽ˹ᴩ屻ѪˮȾ죬ڵغû˶Ĳ
תֻۣʣ˽Ϊ׵ߡ
죡ҾԲŹ㣡

дŭҲļ£ʱȴһûͣٶߡ
Ȼһ벽ǿߣӵˣ
ֻ΢΢һΣһ̱׷ˡ
ٶȣʹ춼죬¶ɫ
ԣһɺʮǧӵ伫٣һ˿ѪҲƵ츳
ţչֳٶȣԲһĴǿ߲
ߵĽͲ¶֣̿ٴγԶһʮԶٶȺܿ죬ϧȴã˲ٴǰңʱ򣬺̽צӣһѽ⽭ץסֱӽ֮ͷ顣

˲ҽУȴͷ­⣬ױ״
طأһ߶űߣʹöԷٴηҺ
ʱȴվ
ƽͷˣоΣ
о֣Ҳзŭͷ죬Թҽҡ
ӽһüģ˭֪㽭Ρ
Ⱦ죬ӿѪ촽˶е֮תš
ˣ׷ˣȫն
СſͷһҲͫɨط
𳤽ͬһ㣬ɨܡ
طѪˮһأľ˲٣ʬнͷʬһߣͷ­ǹʮ⡣
ǴĮЦ⣬ϱǿߵʬͽʬͷ­ߣԭ·أúĹܭⲻԶĵط
ʬصһ𣬽ͷʬǰͷ­ʬؿϣ˫ĿţǾ֡
һ֣֡漴ﳤȥʧڵƽ߾ͷ
ĹܭǷǳƽռе˲٣ܿ˷һĻ
ǣ
ЩѰҵ𣡣Ǹǡƺǽҵľţ룬ǰţǸƺѰϣΪͨɾ죬֮ǰĹܭǳֹ׷Ѱټڡ⡭
֡֡˶ǰµĴǸ֣ɵһ£⣬ѵǸɱģȻ󣬽Щ˵ʬ
ʬȾѪһ߾صһǰͷ­÷ͷʬϣ˫ĿԲпֵı飬ͷƤ顣
⡭
ʾˣڶǰͬ˵Ѿͨ죬սԶͨͨʿȻնˣ
Ǹϲǹؼͨɾ찡ȻҲˣ
Ⱥļ¡
ܿ죬ĹܭԽԽʿ˳
ǰһĻʿ̲סЩ˿԰ٷ֮ȷ߾ʬѰҵˣɱǵˣҲԾ죬ʵǸ̫֡ˣƺɱһ룬⣬˭
Щ˶ǿͨǿߣкüͨɰʿͨɾǿߣ죬ƺֻǲվѣɾˣȴɱ˶ǿߣͨɾص˶նˡô𣿣
Ĳ
ԣȻ£˵ȴҪһЩܷӳơԱ˵ҼǵǸ֮ǰĹܭǣ뿪ûã߲˶ԶҲ˵ѰЩ˵սӦþͷĹܭǸҶ֪Ĺܭܱ߲ûʲôµƣ֮ѰЩ˶սʱ첻شƶս޷ͬɽʱǰ㣬ǿɱЩˣ
˵죬ǿļʵնɱЩˣôܣпͨɾǿߣҲܿԼվΪնɱͨɾǿ߰ɣûܣȻԶŵľλ
ǡ
ҲսɱͨɾǿߡԱϱʿǾ˵죬µֶΣ
ԣ˶ͷӦþˡܿ죬Щֶ̲סһһЩشǿ棬ȴһ㣬ûشƣҲֶɱͨɾǿߣ̫ˣ
ܿ죬طһĻĻͬ˷תۼʢޡ

ѰңһļϢһԱߵһʯ
һͨɾصϣͨɰǿߣͨǿߣһһľţȻ㱻ȫɱˣڣ˵ʬ屻÷Ĺܭ⣬Χָ㣬ѰҵļŭĲС
ƣ
ɱһ飡
Ƥ꣡
Ѱҵﶼڣʱŭݡ
ͻȻһƮ
ϢһӰͫɭͬǹȰˡ
һʱ䣬˽Աɫ
ڣ
Ѱһæд
ͻȻֵӰҲǺѰһдҰݡ
ӰлһĨĹ⣺Ϸȥȡ

ʢٴˣɱѰҾŸϱǿߣɱһһţҽмʬĹܭ⣬һֺ֡ﳤȥƬһһʿ̸ۣʱ˶ǲɵͷƤ顣
ǡ񣡡
Ѱҿڣɱһһǿߺ󣬾Ȼʬһ֡ƣʵĲļ¡ǰһʱ䣬ɱһȺǿߣĹܭǵһݵ㣬ʿǸĺ
̫ˣ
̫ˣ
Ƭʢޣϸƹǧ꣬ûֹôˣ
Ĳ

ʢٴηˣ֣ٴγΪʿ̸ʡ
ʱȴѾȺߣһƬС
ֺͨʱʱ޺𴫳
þøǿС
н֯žâ
Ѱڣ̫ǿˣľ磬濹ֵˣҪǿʵСϸϸ룬ԼƿǿԱǧɽ򴨣Ѱ龧ԴԼΪ


614 Ѱʦ
ʢޱߣ鲼ɸۡ͸ҲǶ಻ʤһƬϣƿһЩ龧ѶȻȻħĵطȥҲѰ٣ҪķһЩʱˡ
հ쵽վ죬ڣԼҪǧͷС龧

ǧͷС龧龧ĵλۣԼһǧ
һǧ
һҲ㲻١
Ҫǣһ㣬ǾһЩˣյڰصյھҪһǧ龧ôӵھصͨ򣬴ԼҪһ
һ㣬첻ɵþЩͷۣƿҪѰһ龧ҲúķѲʱ䣬ϾֻһˣѰǰڶ࣬ÿѰʮҲڶʱͻ龧
˶󣬵Щ
Щĵ
ҡҡͷö룬ڣͨȲۣȴﵽվҪ
ԭض˶٣ܿ죬뿪֣ط
龧ȣȻһЩͨѰȶҪȥɽ㴨ɣȻһЩĵطȻӶ࣬ħ̫ΣˣϴУ׾ֲᣬ˫ɫίʵĲһ죬һܹԼһ漣ʱɫͫ׶ţо˾֮ӵÿÿ᲻ɵһͷƤ顣
úһƬŨĴ֣˻Ũ֯
Ӧ龧Ĵڡ
Ƭ֣ŵ˸ܿâȥ
úйɣһ׳Ĵľ£ԽâСĵնر
ʱ䣬âţһε龧£Ө͸籦
Թһ£Լҡ
һЦ֮Ŀǧ֮ˡ
ȻĪ⣬Ƭ̼ܷǧɷΧڵ龧ڲһ㣬֮£ͬǼţ̫Զˣ޷Ტۡ
ͻȻһɳƵ
ʱһתķȥԶһľ֦վһɿݵߣɭĵģ·һֻӹײϹ
ʲôˣ
ͺȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϼӽ䱸һĨɵҪ֪ͷĺԸǴڰ벽ΣɶߵĿȴǽԲо΢΢üЩɿߵϣов
ȻͷĺԣʱҲͫһȻоѹ
Ϸ䰲
˵
ʱٴζݣǽ䰲
ѰҽһһһЩ֪⽭䰲һˣųѰʦһ뻯Ѩ֮ܡݴԭ˵ʵһ㣬ôǿ󣬲ΪʧܣŽͶ뵽ϣƾǲȱһƤëһȴԽԽԶճɾѰʦ֮
򵥵˵Ѱ䰲ΪһǿǣѰѨ֮ܣȴ˿֮ȣڣ˶һЩǳ£вĴڣһЩǿ߶֮Щɵ
벻Сǻ֪Ϸ򣬼ȻˣԼɡ
䰲
ľ֦ͷ䰲˫֣Įĸ졣
ɱң
ߵ
䰲ղϣɱҽôˣϷԲܷ·
Ȼˣ㻹ҹԹԵĽ㶺˰϶
̡
䰲ɫ䣬ΨͫԵøЩôϷԼȡ
µһ˲䣬Ӱ˲Ϣʧ
첻ĸоͷƤ͵һ飬ͣԭأֱӺʮԶ
ƿ˲䣬һյˡ
ˣ

䰲
ͻأǼһ䰲·ǹһ㣬˲Ϣߡ

䰲֣̽ѹ¡
һ˲䣬о˷ĿռȫˣԷܶܡ
𣡡
һ˵ͷԳͣһצǰȥ
벽Ϣɣ
䰲ȻûϵһĻ˫Ŀһǡ
飡
ԵצӺͽ䰲ѹĴײһ𣬶ʱĽ䰲֮Զ
˺ɣ䰲סΣɭͫһĨ⣺ԣ벽˵ѹǰҽǲͨɾ˶նˣԭ߸һͷ˵ţĿ˸ĺϣܴﵽ벽㹻ǻۣԸ׷ϷϷ򶨵㡣
һ㶣漴ŭ˰壬ȻԼԼǽţ
ʮɣͫŽ䰲Х񱩵磬ȻֱӾܾˡɽ䣬쵱Ҫʳʱԭɱȴûɱһ·ܸжһ˿Ѫ䲻Լ߹󣬵ҲԼϣܱ졣
䰲ȻܶԵĺХҡͷԣһ˿ѪѺһʮأʮ𣬲Ѫô򵥣ʲһѪѣվûʲôˡ
źԣ䰲ŵֻǲŰ벽ѣסϷǿеֵֻһϷٸһλᣬ׷ϷϷ򶨵㣬һǣǲԸϷֻó֣һն
ͫлһĨѪ⣬ɷ񱩣ٴκХɷֱ䰲
䰲лĹ⣺־ܾˡһһԾֲǳ꣬ϷʧܣΣ֮£ϷǾףɱһͷ벽̫
䣬ͻȻ䣬һɱ˵Ĳڽ֯
һ˲䣬Ƭڣ޺ʧԲɵĿռǱ
ͺͬʱ𿪣ѪԻãûʲô󰭣ɫһףֻоһ̽λãһʺѪ˳
΢䰲ɢϢֱǹʥ㣬̫ˣ
ϢԵ治ܵˣԼ붼룬ûشƹõ£⽭䰲Ҫѹʵ̫ˡ
˶٣һƾâٴԡ
죬лһĨѪ⣬漴Ľ䰲ֱ
һ񱩵ɷֱѹѹڹ׺ݵĳŽ䰲ѹȥ
ͽͶѣ֮£û˿ԵסϷ򡣡
䰲
̧Ծ嵽ǰڹ̼Ϩʧ١
ҲʱһϷŰԶ϶ټˡ
䰲̧ͷʱݣе¶ŭɫԭΪͺҪƴȴ룬һ֮쾹ȻֱӳźԶˣ
ģ
䰲ŭһɣգ׷ȥ
Ȼ󣬺Եٶʵ̫ˣͬתۼ佫˦ǧɡ
ϰ鳱̫飬͡
ԸԶλôƵƮڿС


615 ⶯
оŽ䰲ɢϢ֪濹⣬ԼͺԽԲǶ֣ǿеֵֻһԣúȫ䰲ڶԷ⹥Ƶʱ롣ţԺԵٶȣܰѶԷ
ʵϣԵٶҲȷʵ죬תۼǽ䰲˦ȥԶ
䰲ĶֱȵСߣ
ϰ鳣Ī׷
Ӧ
䰲ɱ⣬Ծܼ龧ٻ˰㣬ǿֲĻϢǧԶоһͷƤ飬ֱ
ڣԵٶȻδ֮ڹٶȱø졣
ವһռ䶼Ťˣգۼֽ䰲˦ȥһء
ϣ
Լ䣬һŭ쳯ɨȥ䰲ӰѾˡ
ûд⣬úԼڷɣֹȥʱúͣ
Ϣȥɽ
˵
СһգſͷԼڼϢʹԼϢÿյģͬǿһ㣬Ա򵥵ķ֡
Ƭӱ鲼ľһһסϢ֮Ҳо䰲׷˿ˣȴСԼĲ
϶£
찵
ʧܺ󣬽䰲һ߳˺Զƾż򵥵ܾ߱ǰֲʵĲǺԵٶȿͨǿߣһѣ㲻ᱻǽ䰲ѹ׵ʣ
κʱȥܶԷϢѰ龧ΪҪ
Ƭɽ֮ǰƬɽҲƽԼϢУŵ˸Ѱ٣һ߹ǧңֱֹȥʱٴջһʯµĵصڳҵ龧ѡ
֮ǰܹվ죬Ѿٷ֮һ
˶٣ԶѰ١
̣Ǽ򵥵Ѱ龧Ҳдô
ˣתۼ䣬չȥʱ߸ɽһƬƬ֣ܹѰһٶ龧
ɰ˷֮һ˷֮ߡ

ϸϸһ㣬Ż£ܿ뵽վ죬ٶȵ治

Լ߳һƬɽһƬ֡
ܿ죬չȥ
һգһƬɽּⷢʿ໥ʲôᵽ
УԶԶżʿ
εƸĿǲСԱȵϵһڵǵڰ̫ϳȥɱʱˣû뵽Ѱңںͽ׵ţȻѰǸ죬ʢͨˣṩټ߶д͡
˵ǽҵĽ䰲Ժ١
ʲôǽ䰲λѰʦ
ɲǣϢƣλѰʦ֮ǰ߳Ѱ죬ȴǱˣŭǱ¡ѰʦںȻһӦǿ߳ͽҵĴǿ߼׵Ҳǿ߸ڣǲǿߣǿƷ
ʲôƷڰɣһôʹǸ𣿡
һһ̫ϳϣǰȴǱɱɽ䣬ܲ𣿶ҾԼɽԣǸǰһ㣬׵ŵʮҲɱ𻯵ţ˵ѰҺڣ׵Ŷĺǿʮֹɱ
˿ڣɫȻ֮ƷΪҪԭǣѰʦ䰲׿ԣһͷ벽ҲΪˣʱܴӵԣ׵ŴƷ⣬ʵԣ׵࣬ҪڽȥҪ߱ʱʱɱƷڱڣ׵ŵѰҺڵһǿʱлȨ
⡭
ڣһǿߺһ𣬹㷢ֻͨҪṩټܵõʹͣҲһͷС龧ֻҪõϢһǿ߾ͻٸ˺ѡҪ֪ЩУѰҺڶа벽ǿߣ׵ûа벽ǿߣȴǴƷ벽ǿߣһ챻ѰǱľ棬ӶӲˡ
ںѰͨǿ߶úܣһΣɳͨǿߣԼϰ٣ټϼ벽ǿߺͽ䰲Ѱʦһ˺֧Ʒ쵽ɽֵطҲֵܹ˰
ɲǡ
һʿҡͷܿԶʧԶ
ѾЩ˵ҲûмȥΪĶѾ㹻ˡ
վԭأ̲סĥ䰲϶ʱͺԶСԼϢԷѰǣ;Ȼȡ˺սǶԸ´˰Ѱټƻ׵ŽƷ˳ǹݣ
ϲģ
ǲˬ
һ̣΢΢˫ۣһƺ
׵ŵ̫ϳϣʮϣԼ󲿷ͨϣѾƷҲ˳ȥʱűͻʣһڻڴˣʵǿ͹ȡʱͻȻһ뷨ȥ׵ţ
ԭغƬֱ̣ȥκ΢΢һлһĹ⡣
Ϊ׿ʦһ߹žһķһЩ׵ŵĻڴڳһʱ䣬ֱӸƻа벽ĺڣ񱻴ƷĽ׵ţӦܹѹơ
˽׵ţۻ龧Ӧ٣㹻֧ﵽվ죬νǣһã
ô죡
һӰʧԭء

ʢЩӱú֣޵磬Ĵ׷Ѱټ
죬ȥˣ¶氡ǣһͷС龧
ˣˣѰټͷС龧Ȼṩټʵ
ϻȻʵ˭ҳıӵṩϢţ𣡡
ǿҰɣͷС龧鰡
˫۷
˵˭Ҫѹȥܵ龧һƷҪѹ죬ǡ
ʡʡɣѹ죿䰲˵ˣһͷ벽Ҫѹ죬Ҳϵİ벽ǿߺУͱˡ
Ҿ˵˵ѡ
ۡ
ʱһΣǹȥա
ʱѰĳЩټ߹ĵطҽ֮ṩѰҵҲȷȷʵʵõ˳ŵʹͣһи˶ĴѰټҪ֪ѰټͷС龧Ҫóȥһǳ˵ļ۸
½½ѰһЩҲĵطµϢȴʼûҵıλáңʱƣѰټԽԽ٣·ǳʧ˰㡣

һ죬һƬɽΧԶԶȥܹƬĵƷǷ
׵š
һƾâ


616 
׵Ⱥɽ֮䣬ư磬Ⱥģ𻯵һ޶һϢ֯ȥȻվĺԶҲܿһɹơ
΢΢˫ۣоâտտ
ܶɱ󣬺ǿȷƻ
Դ
Ȼ֪оɱȴЩģΪɱܷҲܿ£ʵӦɱ
ġ

ЩڸطԼټ뿪Դ˸ˣѰңںͽ׵ŵһǿߣ
оâ˸źԶ׵ڡֻҪ˽׵ţۻ龧ʹﵽվ죬һͨҲһڷıأڣµص׵Ǿ͸Ӻˡ
һת˫ּâ֯ͫ϶һԣϸ׵ŵĻڴڣκ΢΢˫ۣȷʵЩûʲôˣֻǶķЩʱ;ˡԸ֪һо˽׵ŵĻڴĿ£裬ȴԽ֮Ƶ
Ҫʱ䡣

ʵֱ󣬴ԼɣĹУý׵ŵ˷֣ҪǳĽУˣķѵʱȻܾá
΢΢һʼŽ׵ܣСĵָ
ÿһεָеûգĺԶЩ졣
׵ռصķΧΧУСĵеϢһ֪һĻڴһķƵ֮һڵⷨӡƸתǴһ⡣
ŻĴ룬ʱ䣬ƬƱðȻʧȴʧȥ˱þеһĻĵͷȻ׿ʦΣ߹žһļӳ֣ȴǾһ߽׿ʦ
˶٣̧âԾԼӡһƣա
ĶҲܳȣУ׵κ˵ע⡣
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬һ˫֣˽׵ŵĻڴʱ䣬ԤϵҪķ죬ΪĹУӡĴ
ˡ

ǰĽ׵ţ΢Ϣʱ󣬳ͥȥ
תۼ䣬ǿ˽׵ͥ
ͥʣʯɣֽͨɫһϴ
ʲôˣ
ͥ⣬صĽ׵żӺȵ
ܿ죬⼸ӱɫϳ졣
㣡
гЯƷȥɱ㣬Ȼܵ

Ӹɫ
ɱ˽׵ŵ̫ϳϣ׵ŵһڵ᲻֪죿˵ǽ׵һ˵ĹУ
ȥִͨºҡ
ﬣ
̶ĽХͥļ׵ŵ˲뱻ᴩ
ԭ컹ţͨĽ׵ŵӣԷ֮·ڿ⼸˺ֱӽ뷨ˡֻǿ⼸ӣ֪׵Ŵϵ£ɱȻˣֺαصʥ飿ԵԼɵ
̧֣еƷһʮɳ̼佫׵ŵͥնķѣƬڵϺ󣬽Ƭɳ
ô£
ĸ۵Ķƻͥ

׵ڣ˴ȡ
ӽ׵룬һڱɫƽ
ʱ䣬׵һ˽Աɫ
죿㣡
㡭㾹Ҵҽ׵
̫ſˣ
Ѱңڣ׵ţһǽ׵ŸǴƷʢѰ׷ɱ죬ʱǵȴǴҡڵĴ׵ţĽ׵һ־ŭ
ͬһʱ䣬ͥ⵹ڵµļʬʱЩ˱øǷŭ

죡죡
£
׵ŵִºȵ
£ִ¶죬Щˣվ죬ǿ
쵭ĮһЦ̧֣ӽ
̶âĿǰն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǰļվִµնѪˮʬĵڵϡ
һʱ䣬һ˽һ
죡
Ѱ·Ķ
Ϊҽ׵ʲôطһֻ϶ܴģ

ʮӰ˳Ѫȣͨɾ磬ǿߴͨɵڶء
Ǻĵʦǣ
ʮλʦֶǴͨɾ磬ڣϣضնɱⲣ
һ
ͨӸߺȡ
춢ʮˣ΢һ˿м
Ҳʱһһɰ𣬽׵һ˳˳תۼ

һڽ׵ŵæд
ƫͷˣǽ׵һˣΪͨ죬ʵǿ󣬲ȴûа
ʱдԵĶ
䣡
ͷԷ𣬺嫵һһϯȥʱϽĻһʱ䣬벽ѹͬѹ£ŵ˽Բ
ʱ򣬺ԵŴʮɴСһͷ
ǣ
ʦһͷ벽Ȼģ
⡭
Ӷһ
鵭Įš
ƽȴͬһĽ׵˽Դ󾪣һֶ̱Ǹŭ
˵ţ
ƾ㣡
쿪
ŭ
źϢΪҽ׵ŵ̫ϳȥˣƷ˳ȥˣߵͷƣҽ׵ſ⣿Цҽ׵ŴƾãΪֻ̫ϳϺƷ𣡡
һֽ̧ӡʮţǿĻɱҡ
˵ţͻȻɫ
ƽˣ˱飬ʹһ
㡭ڵĻڴʲô
뿪ɱ󣬵ȴ֣ڴ󲢲Ӧ
ǴŵЦ¡
ŭ㡭
䣡
𣬺ɢ벽ѹֱ̮ͬӽɡ

ܣ˽Աɫ
ɨ۱ɳȥĽԺԵѹסɱȻһµļͨϵϱʿ㡣ˣ
ƽһڽ׵ŵӺִµ˶Уȴһ
㣬롭
䣡
˵ɷ𣬺ͫ䣬ڹڳ罣âն˷
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
׵𻯵˴󲿷ͨϣȴûʣ˰ˣǰ׵ŵͨΪ׵ĴϴƷ߳ȥ׷ɱ죬ڱͻʣ߸ͨϡһ̣ͫһɨֱˣ漴罣ն˲佫ȫڵ
ʱһڽ׵ŵӽԾ֡
߸ͨɾϣȻһ˲ͱȫˣ

ŭ𣬷ϧȴãѹ
ɨһۣĮһЦƫͷ׵ˡ
Уɭɭâ²


617 һһ
׵ڵһˣһƷƽĳǰȥ
Щˣһźԭ飬ϧûҪˡ
Ŀ⣬һʮĵϡ
ǳѰ·ƽ׵ŲһָֻܴҾֻϡеĽ⽻֯ĿƽʮˣڣһϰɣҾͿʮǿĺĵӣֻ֧Ŷ೤ʱ䡣
ƽƽȴʹʮĵӽԴŭʮһϣǿǣ
죬Ҫ⣬㲻հѣʲôʸſ񣿣
һЩµشƶսͱҽ׵źڵɱˣͷͱѰҵ
ƾʵһսʲôȻʮһɱ
ʮӽ䡣
첻мһЦһ𣬶ʱ䣬һĿĽϯǰ
ǿҲܿ죬ͬϮǰһ׵ŵĺĵӡ
˴ͨɳڣ⽣âʱɫܡվһģܱܿҪֱȴǲã۵һն
⣿
¨ʦ֣Ȼ
ôܣ
ͨһ
ǿĺĵӣͨɾ磬Ȼתۼͱնһֱۣ
¨ƺһ־־壬Ŷϱ۴ŭĶ죺͵Ϯ
͵ϮðɣȻ˵͵ϮǾ͵͵ϮĿԷ㴦ͨɾ磬ңհ죬ֻһֻϣһֻ͵Ϯ㣬Ȼ㲻ҲйģԲԣ
㡭
˶ʱ
첻ٶ˵ʲôһг϶ĿĽϯʮ
âͬʱʮĵӡ
񣡡
Ϳһϣѹ
ϣ
ʮһǰǱնһֱ۵ˣɱ⡣
һ̼䣬Ƶܣʮ˸չһĺʹһЩ׵ŵӽԺˣɫǰ
ʮλʦ־Ȼͬʱˣƣáǿ
Ȼʮλʦֿɸͨɾ簡ղţ¨ʦֲǲСıһѣʮλʦһϣնɱӸɣ
ߣվѣΪܿͨǿߣһսʮ
Ķǰ
ҲһЩɫСģηĿһߵĺԣǶ첻ʮĵӵĶ֣һͷ벽ĺ԰
֣Ȼʮλ

˿ڣһ̱ͱһҽϡ
ǰսʮˣ׼ҴƬͨɱ⣬Ƕϱ۵¨ǰгһһĻȣ۵һԷĺ
һҪ¨
һʱ䣬ɫ䡣
¨ʦ֣
ô᣿ʮλʦֺϻȻɱɱ¨ʦ֣
ܣ⣬ѵΣ
Ĳ
հΪʮͨǿߣô̵ʱȻɱһˣʲôʵ֮ǰ˵ţ첻Ƕ֣ʮλʦϣնɱһɵ£ɴ˿ȴǶɫһԲ
Ҳݣһʱ䣬ָӺ
䣡
ͬʱͨɱ죬һЩʯľʱ鲻١
ۣ츳ʾǿзɣɸС̨һսͬʱôͨǿߣҲǸоǿѹ
΢΢˫ۣһչֱӽ̫ͻ
һʱ䣬֯ҫҪƬɽţ֯һɹϢ
ǣ
ǡôôǣǹżмصͨ
á񣬺ǣ͹żмصһ޶
ܣٴαɫ
лõϱִ˫ĿԲ̫磿ûǹżмصǲ壬̫ͻôܻ᣿֪ͨܿ£ȴֻŻᣬңһֻܼһ򣬿ȴԼֹż
ǰһĻǽֱӱɫ֮ɫ
䣡
ɽ澰֯˵Ĳɢ
սеľŸĵӸɫϢǲɵü΢΢һ
㡭ôܣ
˺ʡ
鵭Į֧󣬲ûͣһ̣ĴɽӣҶݺ֮Ѫɫѷ죬ȪʥĿǰƿصͬһʱ䱻֧ƺƵĽ֯ߡ
Ϣٴļ¡
ǡ
˵
һܼ¡¡
۵һǰһ˱̫ͬʱѹ£ըԭء
Աһ˱ɫٺˡ
ϧˡ
𣡡
޺ˣѹ£֣ӿ䣬۵һ֮顣
һ£֮ǰʮĵӵˣȻˣ·Ǳĳһ⣬̲סɪɪ죬հΪһ˶սʮͨɼǿĵӣȴת֮䣬ɱˣǺεս
кĵӾŭһһΪһͭܣɹʩʩȻ֯
ˣĵӣҲм˳ʱ䣬Ƶ
ƷƷ
쵭ĮһЦͬһɹ⣬ʯ˳
һʱ䣬Զȼ˵ǿɢʹüĵӽһ
Ʒ
̲ס
鲻䣬һʯѹ£ɹƵķ
ۣ
һĵӱ£ʯ֮ķѡ
֮ʶҲ֧ܼƮߣ֮⽻֯ÿһƬͬаնܣͬʵĽХ֮
Щ꣬ٶȼ죬ȴһֶοԵ֮Եס
תۣĵѣʶ

˲ҽУ˺Լͷ֯һѪ˿״
ʯѹ£Ҳѹȥֱӽ顣
ѹţһĻ󣬷ŭĲУ۾ֱӺˡתۼ䣬׵ŵʮŵӣȻ㱻նˣˣǴͨɾ簡ǽ׵ŵδһ˻𣺡һϣһϰɱ
׵ԣʱһ
˻عЩϸֳ壬һűɱ졣
ɱ
ʮϱִµͺ𣬸粽ȥֽǺ顣
ͬһʱ䣬ǿĽ׵ŵӣҲǶˣһѷĳ졣
˶ɱң
Цɨ۽漴ԡ
Ȼ˼һͺ𣬶ʱɷڹ͸ܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըͬڷѪɫ̻㣬Ŀ
һ˲䣬˶ˣǲɵͣţ־ԡ
Ŀѣ򵥵һɱ׵ʮ֮һˣ


618 ׸
һ׵ŵըںԵɷڹ»ŵĽŵӺִ¾ֻ֣һѣԼŴԼʮ֮һ˱ΪѪǰ벽ǿߵƣ
̫ϳţƷҲ˳ȥʲôȥֵ

ŭĿѣ
ʮ֮һͽӣǿִ£񣬾ôˣ
ħ

ƫͷȥɫһƬĮ׵ŵ̫ϳϴʮϺʮͨȥ𻯵ţɱ𻯵ŵӣɱ𻯵ִ£ɱ𻯵ͨϣҲѧ׵ŵΪѡ
гһͷʯɹţ¡һɲϢƵ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪĿٽ׵ŵѣգۼʮˡ
ЩӣֻʶΪʶΪοֵܵסհΪ߶Ʒƣһ̽Եô
Զͫ䣬ٴεһȦڵɷϯȥ
ֻǼ򵥵Ķȴǿ̫ˣתۼѣƬռ׵ͽϢı飬ʮ֮һĽͽ

˻ȴŲʩϵ
׵һڵӾ֣һˣʣµļĵӶ⡣һͷ벽ĺԣûƷڵ£˭ֵܹˣ
˿־壬ɫ԰ףŵŵŵĺˣ漴һĳŽȥ
£ܲпܱסûԸ
ҡҲ
˲
ܿ죬ԽԽĽ׵ŵӳ汼ӣĵҲò⡣
վԭأȥΨǴűЦ
飡
һܵ׵űԵӵѣǰͻȻֳܼƣһ֮ɶأݺݵײһʯϣȳһѪ
ͬһʱ䣬ӵԵĽͽҲһ˶Ǳĺɡ
ô£
ǡƣ⡭ס˳ȥ·
ô᣿
һ˲䣬˽ɫס
ܶˣ
ﬣ
̶гһ𣬷ʮʽնһƬ׽Ļ𺣡
۵ͣȲ׽֮ĻУһŵѣնķѣ󱻳ҵ׻յĽƲģҡ
ţôһҲߡ
ķѾյʱ䣬׵ŵĻڴϢƻͬʱҲԿӡ˼󣬴Ϊ۷Σסһͨɼǿߡ
ǳȥͬʱˣҲӦϢǣ
˵
ǳƽȴͷƤ飬
ˣ¶Ӿֵı顣
еĽٴ𶯣âХն˷ոһ
ס֣
˻˫Ŀͨ졣
Ӿ֣ɪɪͬһЩִ¶⣬ɫǱһƬѩס
ƽɫĮ
ҿƬʼ׵ŵͽԵ޹ʶҵľ˶֣۸ǿнߣֻΪЩһ㡣ҺڿѰ׵ŵͽҪǿɱڣ֮׵ŵĳϣ֪Լµǵıȴǲף׷ɱҺҵѣ֮ɽ㽫Һ
ǵ̫ϳϣʮϺһͨϸϸ𻯵ţҰһ𻯵ţȡŵĵ̡ǣɱ𻯵һʦֵܣ𻯵ŵ䳡Ⱦʦִֵܺ³ǵʺѪˮ
𻯵ʮϺһͨϣǻãɽսڣǵ̫ϳԼҲǻáǲǿ߳ţǿƷ˳ȥ׷ɱң˵һδεˣҲǣܶԵԼȻΪԵԼΪȥ𻯵ŵʦִֵܺ³ǣǽ׵ţҲӦ¡
ƽƽĮǣ˶ܸӦɱ⡣
ɪɪɫҰס
ɫ࣬һʱ֮䣬Ȼ֪η죬ֻŭѾ𻯵ţ𻯵ŵˣ𻯵û˿ϸ𻯵ˣɱ𻯵ŵˣθɣûаϵ
춢ŽĮ˭Ҳ𻯵ŵˣ
һһöƽָ֣ԪƮڿУϿһ֡
ʱ䣬ɫ䣺㡭Ϊʮ֮һĽ׵ŵˣȻϵչֳöʲô֪öʲô
ǲ𻯵ˣǣ𻯵ŵˣŽӱһƬ䣺׵ŵɱ𻯵һͽҪٵ𻯵Զȡ𻯵ŵĵ̣˵ΪµҸòǣ
ʲô
ǡµ
𻯡
ܣһڽ׵ŵӽԲ죬ȥʮңôᣬȴȻѾһŵˣ죬𻯵
־ŭģ𻯵žˣȻƭڣ
ӱ䣬𣺡ôգ׵עѲ˱ŵĽ֣֮ڻһһţֻ׵ųһЩˡ
㡭
ﬣ
̶â׽֯˷ϯȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һ׵ŵѣը
飬ʯҲٻ˳һʱ䣬ƷȫͬһŻɽ񾵣һ𣬵Ƭͨʶӡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳˣһͺ𣬺Ƭռ󶯵
죬벽ĺɲĻ֮Դֻһǳ򵥵Ķѣ׵űдƬʿըңǿĺĵڷ

ҲŹңŹǣ

ҽһƬ
ޱ飬˿Ҳ飬Ʒâʢɱøӿ¡
ǰԭ飬ͨĽ׵ŵ뿪·ϧڽЩ˶ɱ뷨
뷨̫ɡ
ˣ
ʯŹ⣬ɱâһ£һ׵ʿ
һߣԵͺøˣںɷͬĻ֮㣬֮ܵ˱մȾϣһ⣬ȫ˲仯Ѫ
ס֣סְ
˻ΪŭӿѪҪ͹һƬ
ֻǵĮɨһۣ֣ǿơ
ͬһʱ䣬Ȼ飬Ƭڹ⽫׵Ÿǣո

ҽУƬռɣ֣нͽΨһ
Щ˱ӣܣģϧûκáĮͿֲ˵ĺԣЩˣûһܹ㿪һһڽɷ
תۼ䣬ʱȥʱһж
ط׵ųȴ⣬ˣȫ


619 ջ
ѪˮһƬƬڽ׵ŵĵرϣʬһ߾ߣĿģͬһ㡣
˻ĿѣŭѪģвӿѪ
죡죡ħģ㲻к³ģ
׵Ŵƾãλʮ֮һ񣬾ôٵһɶ
ɫĮӽǧѭ׵ͼ𻯵ţǹûзŭʸ񡣡
ɫдźԹͬ㣬Ķ졣
ߣƫͷ׵
ס
źԵ粽Ž׵ȥ
ú׵ŵĲͨžڣΪһǳĵаڷһкܣϣȻȻ似ͨ
ɨΧͨ⣬һͷ
ǧ¼
Ȼ
ᣡ
ȹ
׷
ĺϣһͨŷУ忴ȥǷǷ
һĨâЩǴͨһڴ󱦲أ
ϻ֣еһͨرȫ뵽ʯУЩͨһͨ似Ҳתۼ佫˸ա
˶٣ĿڸǰһзǳǿĽƷӡš
ȡƷʯȫ߶ʶ󶼸תķʮŽƸƿȡһӲӵĻƽ顣
ױ
Ȿ飬ۿŵһڱʱʱͷеĹǺܲףֵǳˣȥԻһȷѪ꣬˻ͷ­ȥᡣⱦȴûһƿص뷨ȣ㲻ʲôϾƿص뷨ǴԾŴ
ⲿ뵽ʯУؾ߳ɨһһ󡭡ױƿţУʱ俴Ŀĺ⣬һڱڱϣенꪣжܣìֵıӦоͷ
ƷƷʮһƷʮ
ɨӶоâ
ȴ⣬лвٵͱǷסߵһǰһƷȡУ΢΢һ𣬶ʱɽ֮ɢ˷ǳ
ý
һƷɽҲебȫ
뿪ȥطѰ౦ҩ޺˵ȣǳࡣ
ܿ죬ʱȥƿһţʱ䣬Ũӿ˾һ񡣷ȥⷽ÷ŴѴѵ龧ַţǾӨ͸ͬ֬һڱС
еľâһαֱֱĶЩ龧
ɨӶ㣬Щ龧Լǧ
㹻Ҵﵽվˣ
ȭͷ
Ժֲɵҡҡͷ龧ۻ׵ŻǺ١
˵ڣʮţԼһЩСɣ龧ԶȲѰңڿû˵׵ţȻֻǧ龧

룬龧Ϊʿհ쵽վ죬ԼҪķһǧ龧ˣʮŵ龧֧һЩŵհµǿԣհغǱͲˡ
龧Уհغķʵ̫ˣһӾ͵Ҫһǧ龧ʮŵ龧֧Ų𡣶һ˵ҪǵÿԼ龧ⶫãϾ٣ʮֻżȡһЩ龧ΪհµӵĽհϵĵӣȻҲܵõ龧һ㲻֮ˣȡ
龧ʿհϣǶͨɾټʢϣҲʳѰɡ
찵
ʳʵǿʢ޽龧ĴӦò٣ѰңǾ͸˵龧ʳƶ֮ϣԭֻΪһһ˶Ѱ龧ˣڵ龧ܲࣿ
ȻҲֻ龧ѣ龧಻ʵǿһʵ龧ԾˣʵԴһ㣬ѰԶԶ޷ʳȡʳе˫Ҳ඼
˶٣Թҡҡͷȥ룬Ŀⱦ龧ϡ
дžâ֣ⷽڵ龧ȫС
ŴԼʮöʯ䣬Դ洢ܴĶ׵ŵһЩ治װⷽ龧߳ȥ˽׵ŵطѰһЩмֵĶȫǽ׵Ÿ˸ա
ֱȥʱ߻أѹŵĽǰ
ӽ鵭Įƽ
ʲô
˻׵ܹʲô£Բк£
Щѡ

Ȼֵ˼ʱӿŭ˫Ѫ죬һƬĶ죺㣬ҽ׵ŵĵ̣ģǿˣ
ֻǵĮһЦöԡ
ӣűѹŵĽʮŵĵص½ʮطӡţ֪⿪Ž׵ŵصµʮӡɷ鷳ң
½һۿ׵ţöԷʹ֪࣬׵ʮķ֪Ƿʮһͺ죬ͨɾֱ׾١
һ˫ĿѪ죬죬ȻŽ׵ŵʮ⣡
룡
˺
شһҲ⣬Էϸӡǲǹˡ
ƫͷԣʶҲһѹס
ȻҪʶѰʶѰýʮķӡֱͫڹ⣬ֱӽʶҲѹˣĽ˵죬һ̣־ŭ¶־塣
鵭ĮüĹâ˸һֱûԷʶڡ
ⷽʶޱߣһһŰܿ췢֪ĶټҲʱɫһ䣬һö˸ơ
ƣˣ
ջؼͬʱźԴһȥʮԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ҽУһըһԲʮɵľ޿ӡ
޿ӣʱһ
ǰ汻ֶ

ʮʮŵκһŶԶǷǳҪʮӡӦҲǽɴأػһ֪ӡйܵ뷨ƱըٵʶͬʱǿпʶѰܣҲеը˫˫³
Ӱ֪ƵĴڣԣڿѰʶʱһֱСķţǲȻղֱӱǻͽһ𱻻ٵ


620 ɱ
춢Žըľ޿ӣ΢Щϧܵõص׵ʮķӡͺˣԴʮܿܿͨɾһͨɾսضһ츲صı仯Ͼǿ塣
ϧˡ
ҡͷ
վڽ׵ڣŵ棬ʵں뽫ʮʵȴǸдŵ⣬һƾâ˳
𣿡
ʵ
΢ЦʮòǾ͸ٵ
ͫ΢̫ܡƿʵǿұҲе֪˽׵ŵصʮʶɨӣܹһЩӡǳ̣ƵĿҪٵʮ
ǣڵΪҪٵǣңǼ㣬ҲǿԽһЩǿһЩǱӦû⡣ЦʮΪĳЩ׷ɱҵˣһݴ񡣡
ͫһĨ⣬ǲ⣺һЩǿǴ裿
𼱣žͺá⣬鷳һЩ

ɻ󣬲ȴҲûԥԴԴĶ뵽ڡ
ԪһǴԣȻʿȴҲܳ
յԶɹİʱһƵʮ
һתһɫ˸ڽ׵ŵĵرϿӡɱӡɱΪ뵽հ죬Ԫӻ񣬾ǿᣬɱһǵҲӾټϴ˿кԶɸİˣӡһɱǱǰҪ˴Լ
ͬһʱ䣬ŵ˸һƽ֯飬ɿӿ뵽صס
Ҳڿӡһơ
£
һΣܿչȥ
չȥͣ
׵űʱûκ˴һжеķǳ˳
һ̣лâ˸׵ŵĵϣܼɱƱ鲼ԶɸĴķյʱ䣬ӡ°˽ɱ󣬵ص׵ĸ޾ƻһΧڷʮ⡣ͬһʱ䣬׵ŵϺ͵ϸӡһ۷ƣ
ˣ
ʵ
ۣɡ׵⣺͵Ŀǰˡ
ͫ΢ǲ⡣
쵭Ц𼱣һᣬһһж㣬֮󻹵Ҫ
һ죬Ͻ׵Ͽգ𶯻Ԫһ
׵ŵĴϣ׵Ȼţͽ㲻һ
ȥԶתۼ䱻ٸʿ
һʱ䣬ˣ𺳡
ʲô
׵ţˣͽ
ɣ
ʿû˲ȡ
׵Ϊʮ֮һ񾹱ţôܣ˶ҡͷ
ȻȻЩɻ˶ǳŽ׵ŵķȥܿٽ׵š
漴׵ŵˣ˽ɫұ䡣
ȥ׵ضʬضѪˮһĲ״
ͬһʱ䣬˿ڽ׵һ졣
ʱ䣬ɫٴδ䡣
֣졭
ǣǱ
ô
Ⱥ£˵Ļ
ڣѰңǲһǿߣ׵ŸǴǿƷѰ׷ɱ죬Ȼ£ȴȻ˽׵ţʣ׵ţǱģ
׵Ųǻлڴвǿߣû£
˾㤡
һ̣죬طʿȫסˣš
׵ţʮ֮һƾã񣬾Ȼˣ
⡭
˶ˣɫѩס
ܿ죬ϢͬԽ˿ռ䣬תɢʢ޵ÿһ䡣
һʱ䣬˲ԽԽ˳Ž׵ŵķȥ
ʮ֮һĽ׵űţǧʢĴ£
׵ŵĴȻҲõϢɫ䣬Ʒͬһ㳯Ž׵ųءѰҵĽ䰲ѰҵһͨǿߣԼڵһǿߣҲǸΪ֮ݡ
䰲üĹ˸׵ŵķͬǹȰˡ
ʦ׵ű󣬾˵Ӿʹڽ׵ڣû뿪ڵһ벽ǿŽ䰲ӻ˽׵źֱվڽ׵ںƣһ壬ϴɽǰ㡣
ɽ£ڵǿɫЩѿڶԣǾһĪ裬һվʿվɽɱڶʮͨǿߣɱһ̫ϳϣʹڶ档
䰲ðâ׵ŸûʲôµĴƣΨʮ֯ڵ£ӦطӡǵȷӡҶⲻȻƿʵֻ̫ǴվѣһȻͷҲãòʮãһЩҲΪǡнŵƷڣһѹ
ڵǿԣһ΢⣬Էʦ˵
ô˵ڵǿ߿ɻɣϾɽǼʵڸһ˺ܴӰ䰲һˣƬʢ޺պѰʦشһŷǳ裬ȻѰʦ䰲˵ˣӦû⣬ң䰲˵Ҳȷʵ
߰ɣ
䰲˸⣬׷׵ŵĴϡ
ڵİ벽ǿߵͷȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ۼ׷ɱǿߣҲŶˣƺƵĳŽ׵ŵķȥ

׵ΧʿǶŽ׵ڡ
еĲҾɫѩףָָ㡣
ҲʱԶаӿ˽Ƕݣƫͷȥ
ǣ׵ŵĴϣˣ
Уڵˣ
ѰҵǿҲˣΪ׵ģǡѰʦ䰲
˴󾪡
ڽ׵ڵһ֮ϣȻҲע⵽˴ԶȺʱ䣬һƾâ˸ˡվĴ۲Ծ£ȵڽ׵ŵĵϣŸĽŴһȥ
׵ŵĴϴһ£ϻؽ׵źУеĲ״ڵϵһ߾ʬűѪˮȾĽ׵ŵرʱ伤ŭģȳһѪ죡̧ͷ죬˿
ûаԥֱӽƷν׶˳Ƶʮ
Цһת˽ɱ˲ȫ
һɲǣɱƵʮ
ͬһʱ䣬Գ֣ӿɱ֮ǿƷ
ɱ󣿣
ڵİ벽ǿɫ΢䡣
ʱںѰҵһǿҲ˽׵֮ڡ
Ҳȳ̶ȶѣԶԶвǣǿס׵ŵƷѾǼˡ䰲䣬ˣһ֣ҪסҪֱɱһҪѰ


621 ʮ
䰲£ڵİ벽ǿߵͷҲǵͷһʱ䣬붯֣ɹ裬ͨ𶯣ƺƵĳѹȥ

׵ŵĴ˻˾
һʱ䣬ӿϣֻ֮һ£ֲĺˡ
ƫͷԡ
Եͷ벽Զɷڹͬκ˰ϯ
ɱ󣬰벽Ǻܿ£ǣסǣ
ڵİ벽ǿ
ʱӿµĴӿˡ
ɫĮ˽ɱ𶯣һ֣ɨһЩʯ𿪡ʱ䣬â˸ŨӿһѶѱĶ˲Ϣ֡
ǡ龧
⡭ǧˣ
ʲô
׵⣬ȺԶݡ
Ҳһ̣ӿֲɱƵһɱԾ׹䣬նһеƣļ£Ȼڵİ벽ǿҲֱӱɫ
龧ɱ֮
˻
鵭Įڰ˽ɱĸ÷˴Լ龧˿֮ʹЩŨȫ뵽˽ɱУʱɱ˵ɱͻأô׳·Ҫؼһжٵ
һʱ䣬˽ǿ񱩵ɱԣһȫס˽׵ţѰҺһˣЩǿվǵ



˫ײһγۿɼĻˣˣҽ໥š֮ǣһ̮һѡ
˳Ľʿĺ˽ǲĺˡ
׼ĵ㹻ֻ֣ǣƾһ㣬ܵסǣ
䰲
£һ𣬸ӿµӿͺѹ¡
ʱͺԵĺɱ⿪ʼһıѹˡ
ɱ
׵ŵĴϿ𣬷߶ƷԱʼˡ
ڵİ벽ǿҲȫʩΪֲ𶯣ƺƵӿǰ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ŵ֯һʹʵԻ׵ڵһֹס̮һʯ飬һľȫ۶ϡ
⡭
ĴǿˣҲᶯݰɣ
ˣ
׵⣬Ѿ˳ԶһʿٴαɫٴγԶ߳Զ
һ̣Ž׵ڣ˶̲ס
Ǹطֲ̫ˣ
Ǹ죬ȫѹˣ
طûشƣңн׵ŵƷڣڵİ벽ǿߣѰҵĺųƴ޵еĽ䰲ڣټٵͨǿߣһ⡭εס
ΣҪˡ
Ĳ
ǰ׵ڣĻϢ֯ͬκ˰ϯҰ˻ġ
ͺԽˣոǲ԰
ʱͺһѰҵǿһԣɱ໥ײͬɴײһ̣ͺԵɱֱӱѹˣѰҵǿޱӿ¡¡ѹ˹ȥ
СŹͷˣΪ¼ɱ龧ӳ֣а벽ɱһˣߣΪǣգעڽӡ䰲죬ͫͬһɭģģһɱ㣬ֻ㣬ͷϷ³ն㡣
죬䰲·һоƿ֮С
ˣɫԽӲ԰ףҲʱ΢΢һЦ
ȷԶˣ
˵
䰲Ǿ仰ռ䣬ڽӣԵ÷ǳݣطûκشʲôǿ⣿
𣿡Цʧġ䣬˵һϹâʢһƴӸ֣۳ڴ󣬿һرһ˿̣ص֣γ໥Ӧľ޴ͼɻԵĴ˼лС
ǣ
ƣƣǡɱ𣿡
ɱ󣡡
ɱȹ紫ŵǰ㣬Ǹ׿ʦ
⡭
˽Աɫ
䰲˶ݣһûڴϸеɱ
֪νʲô
䰲һʱ䣬һǿĻٴ𶯣ø¡
ǵĴ񡣡
Ц
һ̣ٵֵһ˵ĻˣҲ֧Լȥɱ⣬˫ּ両ֳŨ֮⣬ӡĴ˿̸ֳڴ⻪𣺡⣬лһ͸ҵ
ӡϣ˫ʱ䣬Ĺâø貣׵ڵлȫ漴ͬһʱ䣬֣γһ©ȱڣǣЩӿ뵽׵ŵĵص磬ײʮӡ
һ˲䣬һʮ⣬ӡγɵĹĻ鿪һȱڣŨµӵصӿ˳
һʱ䣬˶ܸоȾ˵Ϊ֮𺳣ɫԱ䡣
ʲô
Ũ⡭
ʲô
׵⣬˳Ծ
ڽ׵ڣ䰲΢΢ɫԵЩࣺ֮ƿһ˿ʮ죬ɫЩÿԼ˱ˣˡܿ죬ɫ±ƿһ˿ʮʮһսΪܳɹɱǣЦ˵ΣƾڵʵʮҲһסǣ
׵ŵƷڱڣ֮һǿߣȻƿʮһֻܱѹ
˭㣬Ҫƿʮһսˣ
Ц
ʮŵǿͺƲһ˿ԣŽ
ڽ׵Ų°˽ɱ龧ӳ֣ʹ֮øǿҲȽ䰲Կѹơ䰲ȺУһǰ벽ǿߣһųƴ޵УһƿƷнٵͨǿߣˣеһѹǿ޷֧ʱͿӡõƣȻصףײʮӡ
˽龧ӳֵɱ벽ǿߣһ䰲һƷ֮ͨǿ֮˶ɱһ̶жô£ֻһǿԵ֪Ͳúõ󣬽ɻԵ뵽ص磬ײʮķӡֱʹӡƿһѷ졣
ֻһѷ죬ǣȴҲ㹻ˣʱ򣬱ӡʮ޾ͬǼ㣬תۼȫӿ뵽У̲ʮ
Ž䰲ˣЦޱȱ䣬ޱȲп᣺ֻ룬ǣ
ԣ䰲ʱɫұ䣺㡭
ˣ
䰲ͬʱٳⱼӡʮǸһε˵£
ˣˣЦǰʱдƬƸ֣䰲ƶͬʱһԾѾ׼ߵĺԵļϣת׵ŵķΧ˫ַӡҲͬһʱ书ɣǵĴ񡭡ըɣ
䣡
ͬ˰㣬׵ȴǴ޾ĻϢ


622 ʷ
һֲĳ⻯˳𣬵һʱʮռ䡣׵ڵķΧһ̼飬¡¡ĳݣŽ䰲һһʿ벽µˣһ˲ȫѪˮ
׵ţգۼ䱻һ
䣡
ϳ壬ͬǻĺˣԼʮɸߡ
糯ϯУУطΧ۵һʿȻѾ˳ȥ˺ԶǴ˿ȴд󲿷˱ȿ񱩵쫷Ʒڵء
һ̣˶ˣɪɪеСˣǵ˹ȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
׵ڣţһУղը
Ȼź˳˽׵ŵķΧȴҲǱ񱩵쫷ϯһ˿˳ȥʮԶ

ҽдӽ׵ڴ
Ϊ׵Ǹ벽ǿ߰նӣѪɲŸոԾ߿գ͵һ鿪һƬѪͬһڻ˰㡣
׵⣬Χ۵ȺһĻľ˶ͷȫ亹һ벽ǿ߰ͨȻ׾ͱˣЩ˶Ž׵ڣ滹ڲ̮һֹסķ
ಣ
ͻȻһӽ׵ڳԽܼ֯գۼԶ
վںԵļϣжʱһĨ⣺϶Ȼţ
ԣʱ䣬磬ŶߵӰȥ
Ӱ壬붼֪ѰҵĽ䰲
䣡
ͻȻǰըһˣ鿪󺣣ĸߣ·һҵǽʹúԶסҪǳȥԻܴѡ
һٱԿٱܿȴˣȴʧȥ˽䰲ټ
찵޾׵µʮû뵽䰲Ȼû˳ȥʧȥеϢϲģһϻ߳˺Զǵ£Ȼܼס
ʱʮѾըĲˣ׵ڣ΢֣ŲҽУ΢ĵ֯ͷȥ̮Ľ׵ڣ׵ŵĴϻƣһѪһ׶⣬׶ҲǱòƲˡ
һĨ⣬һû
ʮѾըӺԼԾ£ڽ׵ŵǰ
Ʒ壬㵹Ҳ
Ц
׵ŵĴϻѪãѪ˲٣ʱпֻܿƷǿס˿̶죬ԹĹâ־ֿŭ˻ƶ֡졭⣬⡭
ʱˣʲô˰ɡˣҰѡ
䣬һ̤£ֱӽ˲ȵķѣֻн׶һ׹ڵء
ɨ˵Ĳʬֽ̧ڵϵν׶
Щʧʮ׵ŵʵ׶ѾƻĲӣ׶ҲͺƷ൱
ҡͷȴǽ׶Ȼ˵ĲΣƣȴǿԺƷȣǿһЩҲǲı
׶ܣ׵ڻ죬̮ˣ˷档
ûжڿն𣬺СſͷֱԶ
תۣʧط
һۣʮȥ
׵ڣΪʮըһͣգһЩ͵ֱʱ򣬽׵ԶȺвٻع
Ž׵ڣЩ˸̲סҺһë亹
׵ţεѰһǿˣһǿˣУ𣬽׵ŵĴϣƷȻȻ

⡭
Щˣһ𾪣һۣţһĻ˵
ܿ죬طһУһӣʢޡ
ʮ֮һĽ׵ţţ׵ŵĴϳƷأںѰҵһǿɱȥգȴѰʦ䰲ǿӵ⣬ȫɱ˽׵ڣ׵ŵʮȫˣ
һʱ䣬ʢϯһκˡ
ʿ˷ϵ׵ŵ֮ҪֱϢǷΪ棬󣬵̮Ľ׵ʱѾս˵ĵʱŽ׵Ŵķѵʬʱȫɫ׵ţıٵˣ
ʮ֮һ⡭
˲
ʮ֮һĽ׵ţʵǿ󣬵񣬴еºܾãȴǱһվСʿţʮϸȥǧʱ⣬ʢ޿ɴδ˴£ȴ£㹻صʢ޵޵ʷˣ
˵ʢǧ˵һδ𶯣
ǡ
󣡡
һʿȻһֱǣǣħת
ʿļ¡
¼𶯣ʿľѰҺһƬƲҵ
һһα񣬽ʧʮͨǿߡУڣϢһ߸̫ϳϼѪ
ʼһɱһǿߺͶʮͨǿߣĹܭǵľݵ㱻쵷٣һȺӺͨǿߣһ벽ǿߺʮͨǿ߱ɱһ߸̫ϳıף̲סڵնڲ
ɱɱɱһҪɱ󣡡
һ˴
ϣֱӱŵĲڵɪɪ
ͬһʱ䣬ŵ⼸мɫȻįҡͷ⼸ˣҰȥ𻯵ţҪٵ𻯵ţֻɱҰң𻯵Żˡԭ鷳ΪǱ壬ʱǳǺܲףɻȴǼ̫ϳϵĺ

⼸У̲ס̾Ϣվһƽλ϶ԣһУԼһļ̫ϳҵȥЩǿߺŵӣΪԼһļ̫ϳһж˭Ĵ
һ죬ʱΨһ˺ܵģɱ𻯵ˡ
ΪϢһһһúúã
ͬһʱ䣬𻯵ϡﻩһƬʮǣһͨǣһִǣһͨǣһĬ㣬˲ҪĶߣ˲ҪĶңѡ

׵ȺյģȻˣ
ˬ
ֵܿȺҪĶˣ
ѰңҶ֣ҲҪ𣡡
һ𻯵ŵקȭͷ
ʱţת۹ȥա
ټʢޣȴǴڴ֮С
һõӴţôˡ
ɷǰ
Ѿȥգÿ̸£ʢ޵һʿǸоЩ
֣·ħһ㣬ĺ

ܿ죬չȥ׵űѾǹȥµʱ䡣
һ죬һͨɽУƽŲӣ
óվˣ
žâ


623 ɱ˶
ֺͨŲٻҶͶĿ֦棬֨
ƽúƬּѰһεɽкϥ¡ĬĬתļâ˸ܿ۷塣
ˡ

һӣʱ䣬龧һǧٽ
Щ龧׼վؾ
ԴͷŴ˴ԼңڸܣȻҪΪ
лˡ
˾䡣
һļٴת漴еâ˸
ˣ
âԾͬǹһ㡣
Ѿﵽ۷壬ӯӯ̬֮ʼȡܵ龧
ʱ䣬ܣ龧ڵŨС㳯ӿȥ
Ϊ龧ĻٶҲø졣
˿̣ŨƮڿУͬܵĳǣ㣬ӿǡ
ŨУһתļ龧˿˿ƵԾͬһСӰڡͬһʱ䣬ʶУǣЩ뵽Ԫ֮УĴԪĥԪڵʡ
â֯ܣʱ䣬ɿš
ˣ
Ծâ˸ɢϢԽԽǿһڳ
ͬʱܣԭѵ龧Ҳڷɿڣۿɼٶʧˣܿʱȥʱȡһǧٽ龧˸ɾʱȴǲûдﵽվ죬ֻǽհ󾳽߳˴Լ֮ѣʹɵüЩԾ
˵ԽǿͬΪҪķѵ龧Խ࣬١

һûʧȥ磬ּ䣬ȡһ龧Լа˰ٽ
ڽ׵ʱܹõǧҵ龧ӳɱʱķһǧʣǧ˿̣ʣµ龧ȫȡ˳֮ǰѰҵŽļͷС龧Ҳȡȫߡ
ˣ
תļܣ龧â֯ŨͬϪٴӿ
ɫׯϣʶڣԼԪʹԼԪøУɢϢҲԽԽǿһڽ
˰ٽ龧ҲķѸɾͷ龧ʣһ顣
ҲʱһɰڳⷽɽھһС쫷硣
վأ
˫ۣâһš
һɨоڵԪøӻ񣬾ҲǱøǿʵһ
ߵɽڣԿһۣٴСԾļͷ
߳ɽɨƬ֣ͻȻЩһˣհʱ˾޴𣬸֪ȶ˲١ңԼоһ޵ѹѹܿ£ľ
վ죬һͿɿͨ򡭡̧ͷ񷣬΢΢˫ۣЩԳĵǧѾڿʼ׼ҵͨˣ
ǴԳȴҲǰȻﵽվ죬ÿʼΪͨɴ׼ˡҪ֪ʿԣͨɴٿһµ֣ʿڴﵽվغͿʼɽٵ׼ˣڿͨɾɽʱҲоųɱ֮£ɼͨɴٵĿ¡
죬һ㣬˿񷣬üͷĺֻ壬վʱ˴٣ֲˣ֮ͨɾ룬ٵƱظ£Զˣһֱͨɴٿ»ǻԵģа벽ĺҲѶɵĹȥҪ׼
ֻ壡
̲סа
ʮһ壬ͨʿһͨɾʱŻ٣վʱͲ㱻ٸڻûͨƺͿʼˣԼЩһ˫۾ס㡣
ˣǿĵ֮ͨɴٻжô£ԶԶ壬ãԼԺʱǲǻһµ٣
Щһֵĳ嶯
һκԼƽ
ͨɴǰȥһƷһǿ

ţ̲סҡͷȥƷȥҴǿ
Ʒǿߣ𻯵ŶУֻǣȥ𻯵ţ֣ھԻı̤𻯵ţѰҶпܼ롣
Ѱһǿµشƣǰӡ޾ƣشԿ٣ӦòҲСлһƾâɽ䣬Ӧû⡣
뵽һ㣬ͷЩңԼõⲿž̫ˣ
ͨɴôɹȥ⣬Ӧñˣһ
ɨƬɽ֣紵ţһƬƬɫĿҶɳС
أӦóȥ
΢
Զ˶٣ȥ

Ҷǣʢ޵ڶųǣʢޱƻֺ꣬Զžڴء
ųǣ龧龧ȻȻѰУÿռн龧ʿʤ
һգ첽Ҷǣڳǳһ˵ɴ˫У龧֮⡣
΢С
ӭҽ顭ӭһ̱Ǳɫ죿
һЦ㣬гֳ⻮
ۣ
ѪˮӭǰĽ˵
Ѱ֮ˣ뿪
˵
ʵϣҪڣ˲䣬龧Ľʿϳʱһͬ㣬գۼ˸⣬ֻʣһڽ־ŭĶ졣ͨǿɫ󣺡죬ʲô
ɱ˶ѡ

г΢𣬾ɱâϯ˷
ڵΪһͨ۷ǿߣۻǷջǱնɱΪվս˼Ͷƾˡ
ҽУ쳹龧
Լʱ龧ڰеһˣȫն
У߸ͨɾǿߣʮվǿߣԼʮʶʿ
龧ڣúѰ˴Լ˰ٽ龧ͬʱҲɵ΢΢ҡͷҪ֪׵ŵĵۻҲǧ龧⽭ңһ龧а˰ٽ龧ĵ֮Ǵж龧ԻǷǳˣڣʮźһСɵ龧ҲȲϽң⻹һҲš
ҡҡͷٶ룬ת߳龧
ֱ뿪ʮԶһ貽âɹֱӽ龧նķѡ
ӭųǳļµ߳ǳأʧԶ
⡭
̫̫̫׿ˣ
ͷħ
˲ɵö¡
뿪ҶǺڽļʱȺȥ⼸ųǣ⼸ųֱѰҺľݵ㣬ͨǿأһ⣬ȫٵЩݵˣûһ뿪


624 ʳ
ʣһݵ㣬һ粨ϯʢޣһʿǵۡǰʱ׵ű٣ε㲻ʲô˶֪ںѰҵ˹һˣ϶뷢衣
ˣ
ļ¡
ʿɵôɹʶ죬ˣԲǣ
̫׺ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ںѰǴŭһδαƴиǿ߳ٶ벽ǿߴ죬Ҫնɱ
ֻϧѾֵ˵ҰѰҲ֮

һƬڣ͸֦֦Ҷķ϶ڵϣԳһСߵ㡣
Уŵ˸ͨ
úѰһЩ龧뿪Ƭ֡
˵Ұ׼дﵽͨɾ硣
ΪˣҪڳԼ龧ȻһˣȻƿҪڳ龧ҲǵúķѲٵʱ䣬ԣĻԼͶ뵽УͬʱҲʱʱһЩĹΣսĥ¡
ˣת۱Ǵ¹ȥ
µʱ䣬һ龧һһսϢ˲٣龧Ҳ˴ԼǧȻУд֮ǰѰҺڵļݵʱõڰԼֻѰ˼ٽ
Ѱң龧Ƕ࣬ҪǰǸ٣ﵽͨɾֱ׾٣

ʮݵ㣬õ龧оųɶǴӽҵľݵȡá
ҪڳһҲͦá
Ҫððգȥħһԣܾ龧
׵ŵʮʵڿϧˡ
һ˵
ʿһ;ͨɾһ޴ķˮ룬ͨɾԪŵ̤еʥãȻǺЩ뵽ͨ򣬱Ͼڵ˺ܶ࣬ң֪ѾﵽͨɾΡ
ǹﶼﵽͨɾˣܻܲվưܱܲȰɣ򣬰ͷȻﵽͨأоһΣԡ
̫ˣ龧˰ɡ
̲ס̡
龧кһƬƬðȥһħ˵ħڿ龧ȴ˵Ҳ龧ջҡͷϴ˫ɫӣ;һĺ
ǵʲôĸϲĶȥˡ
в⡣
붼룬ɫӣ˾Դڻ羳¼ûмǶ֡
ˡ
ҡҡͷĬĬ龧ĬĬĬĬսĥ°ɡ
õ㣬˵죬ڳһֱܴﵽͨɾ
߳Ƭ֣úһɽ
߱ǧɽȥɽӣѹʮڣ޷ͬǰ֪ģǣ߹һɽǿģȻ߲ǧɽҲйʮɽ
תۼ䣬һǰ¹ȥ
º߳һɽϢһЩȻֻһЩѡ
龧Ѱ˼ٽ
Զ

ƬɽԶȺúһƬɽǰ֮ǰĴɽƬɽҪǿϲ٣ԼͬһͷϹŴǰ
찵Ӧûв龧Զ£ǳȥ
Сѣ
ʱһ
Զһ˳֣һӹ
΢ˣ򵥣
ڶԷϵ⣬ʢޣ֪˻ͦ١
£
ʵͬʱҲԽ䱸
֮ĲУ֮ģҲޡ
ϴŵЦ⣬˵Сѻɣûж⣬УҲв㣬ͷɽ˺
ûʲô飬ܼ򵥣ʲôˣʲô£
һЦ׻ʳκɽ
ɫ΢䣬ʳ֮һ׻ʳ
΢΢üѰк£
ʢʳֱ׻ʳܻʳʳͬͷԶ㸩Ƭÿһʳǿơ׻ʳ⣬ҲЩԾϣǲûиоʲô⡣
˵ɫɫЩСȳһˡ
ңǾȳһˣ΢΢ü˽֪ʳǿڶ࣬˲٣ңվѣܹﵽʲôߵĻ飬ҲֻǴڰ벽ѣ׻ʳԣ㲻ʲôɡ
ȷʵЩף׻ʳȻΪʲôæȥˡ
£ҺΪ޹ء죬һλҪ˱ĳǷĵط鲼ƣǿҲԴСߣضɾȳˣ
˵⻰˵ı档
һʱҲˡ
ʲôط
ʵ
гɣ˶٣ĵߡ
ĵߣ
һ
ʢɽ䣬ħĵߣɶƵء
̫Σˡ
ҡͷ
ɽɷߴһͨǿ߶ɲȻܿ£Ҳһվ򣬵ۺطԵǲʲôɽ䣬磬ΪǸط׾ֺ١̸ħΣգ׾࣬˫ɫӣ˾ԿɻһУ
ĵߣҲǿ쳣һطܽ׻ʳһҪסܼ򵥣סνҪĵطһµ׾֣ȻƿϾʱ䲻һЩرµ׾ֵƣڵѽ⿪һǡⲻ׾֣ʱԼȥǾͲˡȻҪԭǣûа׻ʳɡ
׻ʳ޹ϵΪʲôҪȥðգ
Ǹ
ҡͷ˵ǰɽȥ
СѣȵȣæǰĵȷʵΣգȻСװ׳ҳʱһЩСԸ³֮Ըͨ龧
һ٣ͨ龧
ȷʵĿǰҪģ
ﵽͨɾҪԼ龧׻ʳԸ龧

ûж룬ͷԣֻҪСԸҰȳˣ龧⣡
΢ʳ龧˵͸ԥҲûС
ҲԿóˣ׻ʳҪ
ʣסˣ˭𣿡

ԥȴԥ̫ãϾȥˣҪȵ˭ڲ˵ԺԼҲ֪ٴοڣ˵һλڣʮǰʧ٣һֱ֪ȥֱӵİ£Ѱڵټĵߡ֮ǰвǿǰȳڣǣȴȴ


625 ĵ
˵Ļû˵꣬ĵǰԮЩǿߣӦöĵڣûһ߳һʳǰȥԮǿ߲ȥǸ˵ĵߵĿ£һаħյ
΢΢ü˼
κһƾâȷº龧
ȻֻҪܳɹȳڣ龧⣡ɫͷֵңպСǰԲҪκδΪṩ󡣵ȻֻǰأҪȥյÿԼ
һͨʱŻλأʢ޵ϵ򣬱ͱǰأƬʢϣΨʳͨصĴһ㣬ʿҪһĴ۲ܽʳĴ˳պԲҪκδΪṩǽպһ⣬ΪԺضҪǰ򣬱ýʳĴʹ
գ˵ͷã
龧պṩʹãȥأһֵȥðաңһЩرմƣҲŰãϾʵ֪ܵ
¶ϲɫúúãлСѣضǵóŵʳԣ
£ǰ·գܿ뿪Ƭɽ
Լһ֮һվǰͣ¡
վǳһƬȺɽ
СԵգպ˸ϵǰĵߡ
˵
ͷƬȺɽӹż֪ʢȻ֪ĵλںδƬȺɽС
ʱǰȺɽ࣬Ϣ֯κΣմڣȻƬȺɽУȴʢʿ֮ηĵߣò̾Ȼ档
һգҹܿ콵١
վѾ׻ʳûʿˣվԵúܿҲܰʱϥ˫΢΢ţʶĬĬ
úҪȥĵߣǰƬǰһⲿž𲻵ʲôãҲԲʲô¡
ģɫ
ƶڰٴν١
ˣҹ棬պܿȥ
һ죬Զ¡¡ʮ˼Ԧ޶Щ޸ǷѪǷǳˡ
ʮΪ׵һߣתۼվԱߡ
˵æӭǰΪ׵Ľ߼񣺡Żϡ
Աߣ̧ͷߣ΢ЩԾߣȻڴΣǳˡаݣû뵽һȻдǿˡ
ǰȻҲǶס죬ǰԿĵСѣαˡȻ֪죬Ҳ֪£٣ʢйĴţ֪ģȫ֪
첻д󣬶Ž߻
һЦϷΪ׻ʳھ̫ϳϣƺҾŻϱɡ
ãŻϡ

ŻϵͷһЦ
ʱԶһɿ׻ʳһͨǿ˹
̧ͷȥʱһݣһƺ䰲
䰲̧ͷҲɫһ䣺С㣡
죬䰲жʱֳͺǰʱ䣬㱻ڽ׵ţټܹƽֱӳƹȥɱ⾪ˡ
ʱŻϿǰһǰЦʦĵΣأ巽ͬʱλλɽһ϶мΪ裬˷Ӫ棬ȫλ뽭ʦϷһӣҷ¶Թ
䰲ųʢ޵ѰʦƿѾƾⲿžʢޣɽǿ߶ɱˣشϵҲǳԣ׻ʳ˶Ͼĵĺգŵģһڣ׻ʳѣޱȾ޴壡
¹Լһڵ׻ʳҴ⣿
䰲žŻϣȻϵöԷŻϴɲˣСȻɲȴҲֻǳ޶ѣĵһУϷһ˾㹻ˣ죬䰲Ǵɱ⡣
Ȼܲˬ˶ٺЦ϶׵ʮһըȻû㣬Ǹʱӵģͦ졣
ѡӡҧĸЦʱžŻһ׻ĳʮͨǿ߸ǰʱ׵űٵ£ʢ޶֪ЩȻҲ⣬˿̱鶼ЩŹ֣ʶ䰲
䰲ɫһ죺С׻ʳһЩ˶ֻоЩģŭȻѹϡ
ƾڵ㣬ɱңɱ𣡡
Ц
ͷԵͺ𣬰ɢԭСŵתۼŴʮɳĸӽ䰲һ˿޾塣Ҫ֪һǰ׵ŵʮըȻûֱܹɱ䰲ȴʹý䰲˼صˣܹȥһʱ䣬ʱȥҲûȬսֻ۷ʱڵİ˳ҡ£벽ĺԵסԷ⡣
һʱ䣬ǿĴײһձĿ֨죬˭Ҳ˭
λס֡һ𣬾ŻϿм䣬Ϣ΢΢ɢһ˿ֱӽߵֿ֪λжԹ˷׻ʳλλܸ׻ʳһݱ棬֮׻ĳлºλҪνԹ˽ԿɽУ׻ʳԲ뵽С
ԵͫһĨĹ⣬ھŻϵϡ
žŻϣû˵ʲôֻЦɨӶĽ䰲
䰲죬֮˸ȴǿѹеɱ⣬ٶ֡ΪѰҵǿߣʢ޵ΪѰʦ׻ʳĵھ̫ϳοڣϣ象棬ҼȥԷʳ֮һǲ˶ԷӶŭԷǾֲκκá
˶ٶ֣Ż¶ЩЦ˵лλ
һ죬һȺ˺ƺƵĽǰɽȺ˲úһɽǰɽģһ޴ĶѨڸԼɣǴԼɣһƬһЩðȴֻ֯ڶڴ
춢⴦ڵĶѨ΢ͨĵߵˡ
׻ʳˣһɴڵľŻϴ죬ʮͨǿߡ˿̣ʮ˶ǰɫ΢ԵĽ䱸ûһ˴⣬ֻΪĵߣʢ֮һеǿ߶಻ʤ
ʦСѣԺĵߣһоͶλˡ
Żϵ
䰲ɨһۣžŻϵŻϷġ
б˽䰲һۣԷеȻܿȴֻһЦʱ
ƫͷǰɽ֮ӡ


626 ˭ĳ
ɽһƬڣܸܵһɵı֮΢΢֯ŸһЩȥ
һ̣һڵĶѨںһ⸡֣ڳ˸
жˡ
˵
µһ˲䣬ڵĶѨ𶯵촫漴һͷȴԵЩһͬǺİ㡣
˻צ罣һ
Żֱ̧֣һϣ֮ĵķѡ
飬Ѩеû
ŻϿ죬һĨ΢⣬һֶѨжίʵЩһ㡣
λ߰ɡ
Ż϶ͽ䰲˾䣬붴Ѩ
䰲ɨһۣھŻǰĶѨ
ǰȴǳۣҰķѣʺ쵽ѪˮڵϣǴĿһĨĹ⣬飬ж֮Ϊգ֮أضǾء
ôСѣ
Żϼ쳣飬ʵ
컹ڣԱߣ䰲ĵ˾䣺ͷɵ˰ɡ
бӽ䰲ЦȴȥԾŻϵûʲô¡
룬ĵ߱һֻգҲʲô¡
Ǳá
ϵ
ⶴѨһƬڣ˹һ㣬ǹŹ֣Եñš
һУʱʱհհɵ죬ú󣬾һЩϮ˵ûһߣսǿᣬͨĹûʲôвڳֵһ˲ͱ׵նɱ
ˣܿһʱȥ
һʱһ˳߹谵ĶѨǰһƬͬСְڣŲٲ꣬ҶܸܺŲߵľ
ȥط˰͡
˵ȴûһ˴⣬ΪĵߣһƬ
СһЩ
Żϵ
еâ˸ƽ֮˸ɨܡ
úһƬС߳ԼԶ
ʱƮЩѪȵζǰ߲ʬڵϣѾȥãѪˮȴǲ̣ĵǣĿġ
ǿߣ
ʮͨǿУ˳
ȥΪɱˣҲɱǣͻȻԼը
һʱ䣬ʮ˸ü
ȡһӣѾ׼õҰãǰȥ
ۣ
ûκζ֣Ұֱըķѡ
һĻʱһٴζݡ
ܹ죡
΢΢˫ۣƹ˸ɨܣܵľ
طŲľɨӶĿм֮ϣ΢˸
һȥ⼸ľľûʲôͬȻСһƷȴһǣǺһȴЩŹˡǺһԼ乹һճƣУױɱȻͨǿҲѡ
΢ݣĵ߲һ㣬Ÿոսѣһơ
ʱŻϿڣͽ䰲ʦСѣɿЩʲôˣӸղҰԵ޹ըһĻŻϱ֪طĳյƴڣȵƣֻѯͽ䰲
ŻҲ̽һ
䰲
ԭѾƵǰطճ򣬲䰲㿪ڣû˵ʲôҲ뿴һ䰲һϵ辿Ρ
ͽʦ
Żϵͷ
ͬһʱ䣬һʳҲžŻϣ
䰲кһߣϿӡߣ䰲нƶӺܻңͬһʱ䣬ʱʱߣʹһƮ·СһڿУŹâ
תۣӹȥ
ʱ򣬽䰲Ʈŵȫˣͻأڼľϡ
ˣ
䰲лһĨâڵ
ʱʮ˶ɫһ
˿ڣѯʵʦˣ
䰲һЦҲڣֱǰ
䰲⶯ʮ˶ɫһ䰲ҪΪ֤
䰲ߵǰȱʬһ߳ʮ֮ԶȴǰȻ
ʱʮ˶ɫһϲ
طľһƬһмȴǹͨγһֿµĳȳĳЩʱύ֯εĿɲɱóȻУֱӱᱻεɱɱȻͨɾʿҲ⣬Ǻܿ¡䰲ѾǼľסطƳ򣬴ʱûˣǵεɱٳ֣ɰȻͨС
⻰һ˽¶â
Ѱʦ
ŻϲɵЦ
䰲žŻϵͷ漴죬ĵ֪λƿСʲô⣿죬䰲Ƶɫ
ˣ쵭ĮһЦ
㶼˵ˣ˵ʲô
Է
䰲ܹƿƣȷʵ򵥣һϣȷ費ţҵˣû˿ƿֻǣȳ̶Ⱦý䰲⣬ʵԣƿֻһžͿ⽭䰲ǰķѰӵʱƿĳƣȴȻһµһӣúͶԷ˵ʲô
͵У䰲ߣȵŻĳĳҡ
ͣ
ͻȻһ촫
ǰľŵһͻȻ鿪ǹɢ
һɫѵð˳
䰲ͷȥʱɫ⣬ԤϵǿЩڼľϵƵķӡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ɫðʱ䣬ľϵӶı飬תۼ˸ףʹüľ±¶ңʱ򣬼ľȶըһɫˣӿȡ
䣡
ƬСͻȻɫ˵ӿ𶯣иɫâԵص׳ͼըľɫںһ𣬺¡¡ĳһѹ
һʱ䣬һ˵Ĳɢ׻ʳ˵һЩͨ۷ǿ߶ݣо˾޴в
˽ԱɫԼͨ׼
ҶǵɱֶͨȥֵֻǱø¡
쵭ڡ
ҽŲŵһ𣬶ʱ䣬Ƭɢͬһͬһ⽣һ޴תۼ佫ӿɫȫ֡
ɫ¡¡죬ްȴǱסˣٳ
ٴһһȦӿɫʱΧƸǿѹƣֱͬѹ֮£ʧҰС
תۣط÷ƽ˾
⡭
׻ʳһǿ߾ȣ죬𺳡
ղǿֲɫӿһЩͨ۷ǿ߶ов죬ȻֻǶνžͽһĨƽֶΣίʵľȻǴľŻ϶Ϊ֮죬ʱ죬һƵľâ֯
һȺˣΨн䰲ɫܲÿ죬Ŀøɭ
ܹоĿ⣬ƫͷȥŵķɫ˭ĳ


627 
ƽȴʹý䰲ɫѿһƬ࣬ҪȴҲʵɣֻ˫֣ɭĶ졣
쳰һЦƫͷȥÿԷһۡ
˶ʹĽ䰲ɫѿ죬ɱɢ
λдܣܾʣܾʣ
ŻЦǺǵ߳ǴԲ
һ䰲ɱʱ࣬ŻϵӣҪġ
ŻϿˡ
䰲¶һ˿Ц;Ż˵Żȴʱʱɨ졣
б˽䰲һֻۣǴŷ̵Ц漴ǲˣĿ⴩ƬС֣ԶԶĿȥԶЩĵطƣȻʶˣͨǿߣʶȴҲ޷ȥԶģ
λǼȥɣڣĵ
Ż˵
ⷽСֵѾ쳹״飬еĵɱǱѹڵصףԳʹһƽµͨжܿ߳Сӡ
߳С֣ǰһƬɫƶأһɳԵúܲ
⡭
˲졣
Ż֣ȻһƬɫأ·ɳĮһ㡣
΢΢۾żгĵǶ䣬ǲ١
ˣǼǰСŻϿڣ䰲죬˵ԽĵյԽ֮࣬󻹵̽ʦСѣ鷳λˡ
䰲ŻϿ׻ʳǽĳң鷳
û˵ʲôֻǵɨǰ
һٴ·ǰܿ߳ȥԶ
һʱһȺ˿˴Լʮľ룬Ⱥ˼µĴƣΣգСǴ׾ֲУ䰲СʱĴ̼׾ʱÿζǵһȡԾһ׾ƽ⿪ʹһÿζоա
Ѱʦ
ʦܣ
壡
׻ʳʮͨǿ߲˶ڣŻϸǶԽ䰲ӵĿˡ
䰲žŻϵͷ漴ɨһߵ죬ϴŵı顣
ƫͷɨȥ΢һЦ漴ٴǰ
䰲ʱһͣһ˿죬ҿ
뿪Сֺ󣬵һֱǳɫһƬżڵ濴ѺۣЩĳ䶯һɭɭȻĸо
һ˲ĳɫϣú߳Զģ治ǳɫںҲʪ
żǰУпήǳѪɫԵúܹ졣
ͻȻ䣬ХԶһͷͷһ
ʱһǡգңҲֻʹͷһϼأڵλÿÿǾأԽ࣬ͱʾڵľԽ£ôգһ
ǣ
֮ǰѨڳ
ȫɱ
˵
ʱ䣬׻ʳʮͨǿ߶ͨɱϲ񷡣
տȥܹ죬˷ʵȴôת۾ͱɱ⡣
һʱ䣬ȫյĲʬѪˮȾһƬ
춢ŵرϵյĲʬüͷ𣬳ǰȥ
Сѣôˣ
Żʵ
ûʲô
ҡͷȴܡ
䰲Цװģ
첢һٴǰȥתۼй˴Լǧɾ롣
ʱ򣬿киζƮ
ǰʬͬǽһţ·˿Ϊİ㣬ƺѪˮȾһƬɫԵúܳʪżԿһСˮݣˮĺѪһֻǿһ۾ͷƤ顣ǰȥǽһʬȺϣվһȺգɲ
ͻأͷоһӽŵӶϡ
һΣոоҴ⣬ŵ˸ûصףͨƬءһȺպڵĹļأܼʬ壬ܾطа

˻Хͬ㣬Ⱥ·ǿ˿ɿڵһ㡣
ͼϣҲơ
䰲
ŵ˸ʱڲʲôططŨŨһʼءһʱ䣬оͷƤˣŽ䰲ŵ׼յæȵͣ£ҪǶ֣
䰲ߣʲôҲʸָϷ˵ϷͲ֣˵ţĸһɱա
ϲģ㲻Ҫ֣
־ŭ
̧ɨƬ׽⣬䰲վһ
һʱ䣬۵𣬴Ƭձ飬ѪˮСС£ڵϣҲڶͬǽһʬϡ
һĻƤֱƿڴĹ
໰ڵһ˲䣬Ŀʱñһɼ˺Īӿ֣ʹ˽һڵһ𺳵Уǰһ߾ʬŤŤվѪһƬ
ͬһʱ䣬صҲһ߾ʬŸĶһƬ
ǣ
ô£ǡ

ԣЩʬղŻţ񲻿ͻȻдӵЩʬ񣡡
ˣ
˱ɫ
һ֣⽣Ӱɨǰ
۵תۼ䣬Ƭʬȫ飬նķѡ
˶һ㶣ܸоĺ⣬Щʬȴô
һ̣˱ɫָǰǣǡϣ֮ǰնĹʬͻȻԼȻһЩնѪʬ壬ҲѪѪཻ֯ѪʬңɢϢǱøӿˡ
ȺǷ֣ЩѪʬն顣
תۼ䣬ЩѪʬٴؾ۶ңϢֿ˼֡
⡭
һʱ䣬һ˶ͷƤˣһɭ
ȻǴľŻϴ˿̶ɫȻսǿ󣬵Ǽγ֣ҲǺһǼ򶼲ãɱЩʬ壬ÿһλǣǶٴÿһΣϢͻÿ
ģ
ŵ˸ͬʱɨܡ
Ż죺Сѣô£ղֹ䰲ն䰲֣ý䰲Ҫɱգ֮󣬽䰲ɱգطܼʬǶŻȻ뵽ǿʲô
طһߵֵĹʬ壬һҲƫͷ졣
ǲЩʬ峤طʲô⣬ǣ治ܼѪһѪͻῪڣԲɵķΧȫĲ򸲸ǣȫ档
棬Щԭŵʬ壬ڱˣԳǹʬЩʬͬĵǰ㣬ΪǱѾˣôǣǶ飬ÿһΣøǿ£


628 еĲе
Ļ˶ͷƤһ
˵ЩЩʬЩʬζɱһø£
˲ʵ
ɱ漶˶ã䰲һʼҾ˵ˣ⹷Ҫ֣
㣡
䰲ŭ쾹Ȼǹֻǣʱȴ޷ʲôǰһĻȷʵֻĶ죬еɱ纣һ㡣
ɱǺˣܳȥˣʲô˵ģ
ˣܳȥЦһҿȥԣ
ˣ˲ˣ棬··ˣ
ͻȻ˲
ŨѪ֯Ⱥȥʱ·ʧһɶ˲ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ܣطҲѪƮ𣬳һԲһΧС˴Ӳȡ׼õҰãǰȥѪʱ򣬷͵һ죬ֱڳѪˮ漴ͱͽ֯ŵѪһ
˲䣬˶Ǽһ
䰲Ҳɫ΢䣬ȥѪƺǿԸʴһС
㲻Ҫ˻ȥȥһ԰ɡ
Ц
䰲ɫһƬ࣬ѿˡ
ˣλҪִˣôȥҪŻֳԲСѣ㿴ûʲô취ΧͻȻֵѪȻǿ˿ҲǸовֻܽϣϣȻطֿ£ܷһЩܹ߳ȥİ취
һʱ䣬Ҳ졣
֪ûտԽ⿪

ȻڵУҲǼȿµ׾֮һǿУҲпܱ
˵ô࣬ͷȴûаս⿪Ц
䰲ߵ
ƫͷȥ϶
һʼǽ䰲Ȱ裬˲ʹԭŵĲ򱻿ƿĴ׾֣ҲǸовڻͷϡʱ򣬽䰲˵ٺݺݱʬ
СϷܾˣ
䰲ͺ
˵ûƵģ
ð⡣
ͷֱɷӿһڹֱӳŽ䰲ɱȥ
䰲Ҳû뵽ǿúԶִ֣ټֱֵӱԶʱʹŭһ̼졣
䣡
ͻȻ𶯣¡¡졣
ΧѪͻȻøŨͬͷĿռ䶼סˣڻĳм俿£ͬһʱ䣬ЩʬøӿˣٶȻϢø£ηɱˣĵֵеʮͨǿ߸ѹ
Ѫˣȵ£ҪҪ
ļ¡
䰲ͣЩѪɫҲǱˣȫ
ҲǶݣٺͽ䰲֡
ʱƬøˡ
Сѣǣ
ľŻ϶ɫڴս˫˿뵽Ŀ׾Уһǿսȴ𲻵κãΪ
ŵĲһѣʱƣƻԽԽףеĹʬҲԽԽ£ֱеȫ𣡡
⻰˶һ
ûƿ𣿡
Żϼʵ
ƹ˸룬˴棬ЩɱĹʬ͵ʬֻǵȥɣҪǣ⣬ҲҪǣЩаĺܣֻҪٷְٻʬ䣡
һ¶ʬ䣿
ǡ
ǿͨɾ⡭ôһ¾ͣͱЩ
ļ¡
ĻܵĹʬЩļɡ
ͨɾߵǰҲֻǸѣ
ʱ䣬˶Ҳһ룬ǰȻǻ羳ľڣҲֻȻյ㣬ͨɾ治ʲô
ҪٷϻҪСѣĵֵЩʬҪǴ
Żϳ
ʮͷչͨһ߾߹ʬֵ⣬ǿ
üͷĺΪԼڵϣʱ䣬һ˳ʼӡͿӡڵر֮ϡͬһʱ䣬ŵҲƮûصף˷쿪ȥ
ƣڵ̻ӡڵص׿̻ӡмصƳ׾ִƵֶΡַӡܸӣҲ֮ǰվſʼϰûƿش죬˿̻̿Ϊʱϱ亹¡
Ϊ龧ɱˣ
аʵû뵽ĵھȻвĿֲơ
̽䰲϶ŪҪǽ䰲ⲻῪ
ˣ
˸â֯ӿ
̻ӡͿӡȫܸˡ

ͻȻвҽ
УʬԽԽ£˱ʬץˣֱӵزҺ
һͨǿߣֱ۱ץˣʱһƬ漴תۼȫֻǳ˴Լ´ӵվͫױһƬѪ죬ˮڵ
⡭
һĻ˸ɫ
⡭ʬˣ
棬ֻһ£ͣ͡
аһĻһʿĺȻǾŻҲǲɵľ
ƫͷѵҪҲҪֻ˾Ϳɣ
úúã
˽Եͷ
ʱ˶ǽϣϣﻹ졣
ĺͽŵ׶ɢͣĿ̻ӡͿӡ
ʱ䣬ɿš
ӹȥڵĿøΧѪһ˸ˡ

ҽУٴ
һڹʬøӿ£ѣֻǱץ˶ѣգ֮䳹ʧȥԣΪһֻ֪ɱ¾ʬ


Ƶʮ
ʱƣѣʮͨʿУѾо˳ʬȺһԱ
Ҳʱվ
ˣ׼壡

ºûеȴ˫ֿٽӡʱ䣬رϣ̻µӡâţˡͬһʱ䣬صҲͬĹâ𣬿ӡƿշӡһѹƲ
̼䣬һǿ쫷𣬴ض˶Ѻۣһ߾߹ʬϢ²ͣըѪա֮Ϳ֮һ𣬷·һ֧޴ʸһǰѪϸնһСȱڡ
ߣ
ͺȵ
ȴһǰȱڴȥ
ӡͿӡǿŲĵس˿̴ͨһ·
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյûͣһ˸󣬿ٳǰ
Щ˶ǿߣ򿪵ȱֻǣȴȫ˳ȥȻ֮ǰɹʬľˣǲٳѾˡ
Щ˳ǰûһͣȥԶͣ
ʱһˣꡣ
죬ƽⲻ򣬾ķѵĺء
ǰеȥһ°ɡ
ָǰ
н֯˿˿ɫǰԶһƴϣһɲɣ¸


629 ʯ
˿˿Ʈţе䣬ϢɣһֹӺ֮С
һ˸ոͦ򣬼Ǿ㲣죬ѪķѵЩأ˿̷ôһȻ¡ңеǰĵ֮·УǾ㲻ȥҲòȥΪҪȥ
úһ˿е
еܴͬһɽǰϢַ·һ޴ޡ
ʯɣģԭӦǷǳͻֺ꣬ȴ࣬ѺۣҲ
ȥɡ
Żϵ
еĴϲɳƺ󿪣һƬκζ
һУԶɨӡνȴҲܴ⡣
ܿ죬̽˶ҡͷеڿյģʲôҲûио
ԵϢ£·
Żϵ
ʱһʿѰһλãϥ
кԻ壬Ҳ⣬ڲеһʯ£ļ
ˣ
â֯
ȡһС龧Уеٲķѵľ
ܿ죬Щ԰׵ɫú
龧ܷ㡣
Ե
ʿָԪ輳ȡУһЩϡĵطҪָԪͺ鷳ˣŨĵطҪȡؼָԪҲȽϺķʱ䡣
ʱ龧ǾȻ˴ã龧̵ǳ;֮лԣʹʿĵԪɿĵõ䣬ԶƵ졣
ſͷͫܣΪ
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱɫѾǰڹ¹ͶأһЩӰͣĻζš
֦紵ţͨ¹ͶӰڵϣһ㡣
˵
ĿϢָ⻰˫ۣʱͷƤһ
ⷽеѰڣ֮ǰҲѰ⣬ûݶûУ֦ͶӰ
ж
ͺȵ
֮ǰ˵˲죬ǸղѾɨ
ۣ
һĨӰӲеɹϢ˵ؿڹᴩ漴ֻɲǼѣ˻ѪɿݣͬûƤ㣬ֱӸɱȥ
һ˲䣬˽Աɫ
е⣬һ޴ĴֳÿһֶīϵĻζţеɵҡѺ۵ʯǽʱ̮
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
һٶȺܿ죬תۼȫⷽе
Ҳʱź¡һ죬е̮ȥһɳ
ȥеܣɫĴ飬ӵص׳𣬷·Եɻһ㣬һֻĸо
ܿ£
Դ졣
һݣԴڰ벽Σú˵ܿ¡֣Կȴ𣬾޷ȴǿߣҲԺ۷ʱĽ䰲ȡ
䣡
һ죬𶯣һѿ
һͷȻӵص׳֯Żɫ˫ͬһѪɫĵ˴֣·һͷڵص׵㣬߸ʮɡ
ʱ˶ɫ
һͷޣ
һɫַڵĳ˳
Щ£ձ飬׻ʳļͨǿֹ߱ᴩ

Щ˲ҽУȴǺܿʧѪȫɡ
ʱŷ֣޵ÿ϶һɫСһЩСԵմȾŵѪȻЩ˵ѪⶼͨɫСɵˡ
һʮԶȼޣɲܹ⡣
󣡡
Żȣʱâ֣ܶˡ
ʱ򣬾Żϴư磬ҫ۵⽻ܼ֯Ӱȭ볯ѹ¡
ȹҲǷǳ£תۼ䣬ް˲ػٴηһ
һʱ䣬ܼĺɫƮţÿ𶯶һռ䣬һľŻϣ־ŻȻûռݾƣȴҲǴϷԼҪͷӴ޸ǿһЩʹͷʱʱ
Ƚ׵źڵĴʿҪܶ࣡
찵
׵ŵ̫ϳ϶ڵĵڰ̫ϳ϶ȻϺ;ŻһսȴŻž޴ĲࡣҲ΢ЩпʳˣͬһǱʿǿ
һһ棬һ硣
ʱ˶˳˺ԶֲսС
䣡
ɫҹҪȥ
ʱ򣬾ŻѾ޶ʱҲʱһ޴ӾŻ𣬾ֱųѹ£ֱӽķ顣
һʱ䣬Ѫˮ콦䣬ڵϣ޵ըˣҡ
ǾŻϣ
䰲ӭǰ
׻ʳҲӭȥɫ΢Ϊޣʧ˴Լʮͨǿߣ񣬸ʮˣֻʣʮˣ鶼Ǻܲÿ
ǰԵص׳𣬵رѿһƬڡԭǿ޵ʬ壬ȴͻȻص׵һĨǹǿҹ㡣
к棬ŵƽ֯Ĩӵص׿ռ
һɫʯͷԼȭͷСôֽۣ֮յС
ȻסʯһɲǣͻأһĸҵʹУ·סһ㣬ʹ֣ʯʱѳѵһűߡ
ǣ
ͷһֻойӽŵ׳𣬸ղסʯֱøˡ
ʯͫһĨڹ⣺
ʱ˶о쳣˹
ôˣ
Żʵ
ǿĿȥűߵʯʱһ
˿ȥݣԸо˵Ϣ
ܲ꣡
˵
Żӣе֯κ⵽ʲôҲǺǣзǳµĶƺǱʯƤסˣĶǿ߹ƶסڶʱٵһǳصˣ
⻰˸ɫ
춢Žŵ׵ʯ΢΢н֯һƾâƹ⡣
Ż˵Ĳʯ
ŻϲϵóΪ
ʯ޾ɷЩɷ۳ɷˣ൱۳龧ôһȭͷСʯɷըԱ֮ǰ׵ŵʮʱӿֲٻֲ屶ʮ
ٴһ˸СĽʯӵϼ
ⶫΣգһСģɷ鿪һͻ
ƱܣⶫҲԿԳΪһڴɱǡɣƿĶ˵ȻΣգΣϵȴԶҪͣԼԿƺˣΪһڻƣ


630 ڣ
һ˼콫ʯ𣬸ɫ΢䣬Ľһͨɼʿ̲סһЦ˶ܸоǿʯĲ꣬˷ŶʯʱǸоͷƤ飬Ы㣬죬Ȼ֮
Сѣ⡭
Żֹ
ⶫʵ̫ΣˣҪͻȻʣһ˹ȫѡ
һˣȻʲôģܿƺΣǡʯǿžʹʯӡܼƣֻҪʯܵĴ̼ɷ˾Բ鿪ᷢΣա
ŻûʲôֻҪСġ
һͣƬ̣ɫ׷ʱŻϿڣٴ·
ܿ죬һʱȥ
һʱһ˵ߵĺ˳û׾֣Ҳûޡ
ģµֱøɿһɵȸдӵص
һǰУһĬĬɨܣйãǰĵƽϺһ֮ԳΪΪͨѩףңԲڣһֲ⣬ûκζһݶ
ɫ
⡭
һμ
ü
һƬɫϣʲôҲûУΨһίʵ̫Źˣǣطĵߣ
𿿽ֱߣ
䰲
˶ǵͷ䰲֮ǰȻй󣬵²򱻿ȴϾѰʦĻûм˻᲻ţشһ֮ϡ
ʱһ쿪ڣͳȵ𶯣һҲ𶯣
˿̣ĿⶢסһطһСӣԼԶСӿͨûʲôرĵط֮⿴ȥȴͷСӷ·ǵڶ㣬ƺҪһжɵȥ
⻹ҪģҪǣСӺһʱǾüһߣɾ룬һһ໥Ϣ֯һ𣬺мصһֲֿƷǳƣȲ򵥣
СΣ
䰲һƬɭ죬̧
˵ıȴ
شһϣȽ䰲ѰʦЩ˸Ը죬Ͼ֮ǰֻҪ֣ʲô׾ֶ춼֮ܽƵ
Сѣкβף
Żʵ
ûж˵ʲôǶӣڽаγһСʯԱ߶ȥ
תۣСʯɳԶ
ͣ
ɷ֯γǧ̼佫Сʯķ顣
ʱ˶һ
طǰЩʵ̫ˣ·޼᲻ݵĻԪ챦ĻԽȻǴľŻ϶оһļ£һɾ㤸Уǵƺ׶죬Сѣǡ
ڣһǱߵСνΪν֮ߵĵص׷ֱɷĵγ̫ͼ̺ɱ漶ǿУߴһҲᵱķ顣
ɫأǽ̫ͼķΧڣ
̫ͼ̾ɱоʲô¡
Ļһ
ǿ߶ܸĵطǲСĴ˽
䰲ɫֱЩѿſܿ£ȴûע⵽Сӣ춪һСʯСʯת۱飬ٽСӺͰǰĿµƣɫоǳ
СѣӦôߣ
Żϳʵ
䰲ʱڣ̫ͼǵķΧվޣǰող߹·һӡ߻ȥ˳ǧɾӦ˳̫ͼķΧ֮ƿ㹻ľ룬ƿСǧɾߣӦǱ̫ܿͼķΧһǾͲΣˡ
⻰һ˶ͦеȴû˶ʱ졣
û˵ʲôֻǶŽ䰲΢΢˫ۣʦ˵Ĳ
䰲ɫһȻеĳ
ʦ߰ɣȣΪǴ·
Ž䰲
䰲ǰɫһʱûжȡ
˵ʦųѰʦԼ˵Ļʵһ£ûʲôɣѵʦֻ˵˵ѣʦҧĸʹý䰲ɫ˼֣죬ڼҺ
ԶѧķҳһСʯȻͷǷ·ȥ
ﬣ
ϣӵصն˲ϢСʯķ顣
һʱ䣬˽Ծ
⣬ҶķǸطҼǵøղ߹ûκ⣬ڣôнð
ʯͷļ¡
ҲһղţǴǸ߹ģʱʲôҲûУڣ¶һʯӻȥȴȻȿµĽ
䰲Ҳһɫѿ˼֣жϴˣˣжϳĸ飿һʱ䣬оԼձûġҪǣ췽Ȼŷ⣬ȴ߻ȥԣղˣԻᱻص׵죬
Ż죺Сѣ⡭
ʱ׻ʳһ˵Ŀϣϣܹа취
ǰһڣΪһ̫ͼȻ̫ͼߣϣǲܵϮ˿̣ǱôϣңܺãǴߵλá
ڣڲϱ仯ȴλãǰҵÿһʱͻ棬ʱȽϺãӦǡϣҲǡߵߵλãλãԶ仯Զȫ
һ뿪λã˵ˣ޷жϳγɵʱ̤һ˲ҷ𣬶֪γɵλã֮λû仯ң仯ƵҲ˲Ϣı䣬һӲŸı䣬˵ʱóȻ߳λãǻΣա
˵ţ̵б˽䰲һۣǸղ·ǡǴϣڣѾ˽棬ʱ·ѾϣѾΪ˾Իԭ·أֻᱻӶʣ
׻ʳʮͨʿøղû̾䰲ĻߣǲȻھѾΪ˴ƬѪ
䰲ק˫ȭջȴǸˣɱ⡣
Ż϶죬Сѣȫ㣡а취𣿡
ڣÿʱʱ֣ƻǸʱֻҪд۷弶ΪͿƾʵǿд˵ϧûд۷弶ˣֻߵı仯˲߳ȥ
ǡŻϴڴСڣߵı仯𣿡
һܣɫޱأֻм֣


631 ϲȫ
λãŵ˸ûص磬̽Ƭص׵ĵ󣬼ֻɲǼѣŵɷԨƺ궼ɵò¡ЩɷѾֻǼ򵥵ɷ̫ͼ׾֮£ɷɱ⣬ÿһɷһֲɱ
һƼɢ֩˷úƴһƬ嫵⣬ЩޱȻ񣬺ˣȴѾǵ⣬Щɷһ޾ɱ֮⣬ǳ¡
ˣ
ַ⣬ڵ棬ƽ֯ŵ泯ķռԾȥ
ЩƣλãߵľԻȥ
ﬣ
̼䣬ɫѩɫâͬʱ𣬴̶ǳֱ˺˴Ƭռ䡣
һĻһ˽ǺݺһǵȽâֲ̫ˣ·Ҫض˺ѵŻǿ߶һ飬̲סһ
ЩģСѣǡ
վԭر𶯾С
ͷҲء
ͬʱӦƬڣ˽򣬴ߵĹУҪƴ̼Ļʹ֮ԻߣˣһδεԻԿһʱߵλñ仯
˿̣ɨӶԿһԻվŵλöΣ߳Ļȫǳ档
ǡߣ
ľ
ͷû˵ʲôƹ˸Ӹֶߣûص׵ֵ߳λӡ֮ƵƣٴʮͬĶÿһζ
ˣһۣչȥ
ʱ䣬ɫԵЩ԰ףķѵļΪء
Ҳʱһ˵񾭷˲١
ŻԸо仯жʱһĨϲɫСѣˣ飬ȻѾã
ǿˡ

⻰ط˶¶ϲϾĸ֣ǸЩˡϣУΨн䰲ɫôÿĺһ
Ż죺ǣСѣڿɷƿ׾ˣ
һָԪ

ʱ̽ںƣ
ԭϥ£ȡһ龧ļתʱ䣬龧̵ĳӿȥʹľĵԪٵԲ䡣ֱֹ֮ȥԼʱվ
ܣһ˶
߰ɡڣǰ棬ߺ棬мǣҵĽŲߡ
һһ
һ˽ͷ׾ϣЩ죿
첻˵ʲô۹˸λ߳СĿһʱ䣬Ѿڵر͵ص׶ӡܼƣѾߵı仯򣬵һƬ֮أǲ˿⡣
ߵĺܽߵĸӽǲĽŲƶ
䣡
߳ãµĽ𣬴˵߳ϣɱⰻȻֲǳ
˵ɫʱˣ̲סݺһ
ĽŲƶĸ˼֣Ѿֳ߿ǰС
ŻһæϣĲӶǺܿ졣
ߣľɱͻأʧȫû뵽˵صС
ٶȣҸı䷽򣡡
ͺȡ
ŵ˸һλ뿪ԭλãߺԶ
һûҴ⣬æƶԭλãΨһٶһģûмʱԭλã̼䣬ԭλϣܼĽâ𣬵֮˺Ѫ˸̿֡
ǿһͨɾǿ߰
ͬʱЩ˵ɫҲÿϾԼһˣңΪˣһѵõս
ߣٶһҪ죡

ûȥȥˣΪûʱ䡣
ڣһƬ֮ڣߵλڲϱ仯뿪˾԰ȫλãֶ룬ͣһ˲Ϳ֮
ŻϵȻҲף¶صͷĽŲƶ
ˣʱƬʱʱ˽𣬿ֲˡ
ߣ룡
ұߣ룡
ұߣ룡
ģ첻ֻǼǰ·ǿڣΪһָŵλá
ܿ죬ʱš
ʱȥʼձŵǷȻһ󲽡
һ˼ˣȻһͬʱһ󲽡
Ҳʱû
Сѣôˣ
ŻϽŵʵ
ҲСĶ죬첻ҲһҲҶ
ӣʰһʯȥʱ䣬һСʯֱӱķ顣漴ʰһСʯԴ߶ȥ͸ղŵһСʯһСʯûзκ£ԶһСأȻ
ʱ䣬һ˽Ծϲ
⡭
ѣѵ
ǣ߳ڣλã
졣
ͷķʱʱ䣬ʱ߳ڣķΧ
³һ߳ȥʮɾ룬ֱϥ£ȡһ龧ָԪ;Ǻķʱ̽ڣĺķʱ߳ڣĵľԪܾˣϾڣ̫ˡ
֮󣬹ȥԼʱվ龧ȫָ
Сѣܼ·ˣ
Żǰʵ
ͷ漴һٴγĵȥ
ʱһΣչȥ
ʱһδʶƬĵߵĿ£Ⱥ˲׾ƣٿµ飬ζѣ˼ͨǿߡ
һʮУ죬ŻϺͽ䰲ֻʣʮһˡ
Ҳһ죬һĵ
ڵϢҸоˣط
Żʱϲ
ʲôλã
ʵ
ŻɨӣԼоϢټܿѰһ򣺡
ڣ
׻ʳͨʿսȭͷноâ˸˳
ûжһ˿ƶúԶһݻƵĴɽǰ
ɽڣûŵκǰƲһģһңڵϢǳŨ
ŻЩ
Աߣ׻ʳҲڣϾܾȳԼһˣ
ϲŻϣ
䰲žŻϵһЦݡ
ʱΨɫ˲ˣݺݵ
ǰĿݻƴɽɽǰɿľ·һ㣬ɽĩβܼڻĲݣ·βͣɽ鲼ڴʯߣϸϸһһƬƬۼװ㡣ɽ壬һͷڴϡ
أ˴ȥܻ߳
ϲϲڣϲȫʮ˴


632 ޹ʲ
ذмصļֲĵ֮һǻǿ߲ô벻ף׻ʳֵܵطȥʲôĵطɲ֮ǰĲڣȣҪȽϣǰǴɽߣֻɳ
ǰɫʵЩڡ
Żע⵽ı仯ʵСѣôˣ
Ҳ鲻ÿһ⡣
˿ڣС죺طѵ
춢ǰĴɽɽľһҲɽĩһƬڻĲ΢΢ҡҷٿɽһƬƬ۰ľ޴ʯߣüǳĵͷ
⣬ܴ󣡡
ͳ
ʱȺһһ·׾ִҲ٣ɻδ¶ȳصı顣
һƽϢ˵طΪأԲǧĵϢȫطۣγһޱȿµĳǿ߶ɡԹ⶯ȴƵģΨǴﵽ˻羳ĳǿߡ
أдһ֣ж£һĵطȻ϶ûаϵֻԴ˵Ŀ£ԶĵطԻУʱ֪ôġ
⡭
⻰˶һ
ǿ߶ܹɣ
ʱһ𣬽䰲ڣЦǲ򵥣˵ôаˣʲô˼Īˣ׻ʳĸˣ˵ţ¶֮ɫ뷨ɲãŻϼȻҲӦˣǾ͸þ𵽵ףˣ׻ʳʲôˣ
ƫͷȥŽ䰲ɱ⽻֯ϲģƣ
Ž䰲ǰһͷĺ΢΢ͷ­ͫһƬ䡣
Ϸ㣿
䰲ЦҲһȥôһʱ䣬ѾǺ˴룬ʵٽ۷ʱˮ׼ʱѾѹƺˡ
ʱŻվ˳ٴδԲ
λֻһˣλĪִŻϵ죬ڵСѣϷ˵ĻС׻ʳǰУºǾȳڣϷԭĳŵϣٶһ龧
ĻŻȷʵһҲɣ׼ΪݣҲãʱװ˵סһڵĵطʲôңһΪһطܹסһʮ꣬ĵطǼ򵥵ڣ
С
Աߣ׻ʳҲڣȻηǰȴǸдżᶨ
Ͼŵģһڡ
춢ǰƹ˸Ҳһƾâ֯
ã
ͷ
ȻӦ׻ʳߣȻ̫ãС֮١ȻⲢҪҪǣжص˾Σ⣬һ仰֮䣡֪ȵطʲô䣬˵뽫еľȡ
žŻϣڣɽⲻҪҶ̽Ѱһɽ
úúãһжСģ
Żͷ
ʱ׾֣ȻлȨˣһѰҵĽ䰲Ҫǿ
ͷСĶǰɽķ
ÿһ£ŵ׶˸û£̽Ѱط䡣Уµĳûصף쵽ɽĵײλãʱڰʱܿ˻
ֲ֡
ϲʱ亹䣬ͷʵǺܱ
ȵ䣬֪׻ʲôضܾˣ

㣬һӡʹƿӿص¡
ĺܣ̽Ѱķʱͣ³һ
Сѣˣ
Żæʵ
ͷ±תļֱָֹȥʱɫúԾŻϵˡ
úúãǽȥɣһȫСˣ
Żæ˵һֱڶ죬ҲʱʱǰĲɽ͵׼ȻУһڸȳ
Աߣ䰲ɫЩÿŻһ䡰һȫСˡǽ쵱˴ЩˡҲǱˣȴǳĸӹģʹԵøˣɱ⡣
ľѾָ۷壬˿̶ǰĲɽǰȥ
ڣʱһСĸңôߣôߣ
˵
Żϵǲ壬æͷǹغǵҲغܲ˳ɽڵڡ
ǰѰɽıλý룬̽ѰλĵϢط룬ȫġ
ǰⷽɽİ磬һɷǳ˵Ŀơ
ûж˵ʲôܿ뵽ɽڡ
ɽΧܴ󣬵һЩҰɫķĩһ˵ҰɫĩһƮͬһ㡣
ǰúƺȵʲôһ졣æƿŲͷȥŷ֣һûص׵ͷǸˣͷҰɫĹǷۡһĻͻȻͷһȥһ·ЩҰɫĩѵǿݹǷĹǻң
ЩĲˣңȥ˶ãĳ
ŻϵŵףеͷǻһСƬһĻЩȻҲ뵽˺һ£Ǳɫ
⣬
΢
һߣ
˵ţŻҰɫĹǷۣɽڲȥ
֮󲻾ãһ޴ɽߣԶԶȥɽڲź֯ţͬǴӵƮ㣬ˡ
ڵϢǴ洫
Żϼ
ûж˵ʲôƶŲɽȥ
һɽߣʱһɽڵ¶ȣ͵Щˡ
ǰƹ˸ŵӣÿһǷǳСġ
հɣ
հɣ
հɣ
ɽԵһƬݼţУΨһ˵ĽŲϴ߻ص
ܿ죬һ߹ԼɣǰһڣǺһƬͬһͷͷУſѪڣԼ뵽ȥ
Сѣ
Żʵ
ɽڣԼһڵϢĸ֪һЩƺÿһڶԼһڵϢƮ
ŵƽ֯κָұߣ⡭
ݣ
ͻȻƿյ𣬴żȵıֱӴҪ˵Ļ
󣬲ҽеһʱһУһ˵ͷ­ͻȻѣԽѪˮһЩԱ߼˵ϡ


633 ɿݵĻʳ
ͻȻûһ˷ӦŻǿڣҲǲ֪ʲôֻǸоһɭɭ磬漴еһͨǿ߱Ǳͷ­˿ֱͦͦĵ£Ĳ
⡭
Ⱥ㤡
ȥڵϵͨʿͷ­ƿˣԽѪˮһʣңͷ­һڵëһɼΪϢ
ȥҲͫ΢ë֯żΪŨĵɷ
Ż죺Сѣ⡭
һͨǿȻǶʳԣҲǲʧ
˵ˣΣأУʱ֪ôġ

ŻϵɫЩѿһЩ˸ɫѩס
߰ɣʮ־
˵
ǰ·ѭһڣǰȥ
һ˸󣬸ǱأĴܡ
ɽ洦ǲһȥԵúСġ
ĺƣܿ죬ʱȥ
ͣ¡
ͻȻɫ΢
ĻȺæͣ
ŻϳʵСѣôˣ
û˵ʲôָָֻ̧֣¡
Żϵ˳ָȥֻһʬ壬ͷ­ƿѪˮԽһڵر״ҡ
ʱȺͫһ
ǣ
Ǹɽ߲úδ֪ɱˣ֮ǰѾ뿪ɴ˿̣ȴȻֿʬ壬ǾȻ»ص˸ղŵĵط
䰲죬ȵô·ֻԭ
ɨ䰲ĵ϶׳𣡿˵
Ǹղŵĵطһ
˵
طȻҲȴˣ֮ǰкܴ
ҲΪˣպøǾ
ôôܵǰ棿
˲
һˣһʬ壬˿̾ȻǸǰڵ棬ͷ­ϣһֻȾѪĶԲĹĵĵţֲͬԹ㡣
һĻĲͷƤ顣
ͷȥ̺Ҳˣ⣬󴦡
Ļȥʱͫ׽ʬ󴦣һɫĺۼǱһקʱճָӡȴָӡࡣ
жʬ壬ߵǸǰܿ˵ʶɨӡ

⻰ЩˣЩȴ˵İ㲻٣Ӧþˡ
ô죿
¡
Σղ£δ֪Σղſ£
ҡҡͷеƺԱܿʶҲ
߰ɡ
˵
ʱ򣬳һ˸⣬û취ˡ
ǰԵСģʶڣ΢΢ҡҷš
úܵĲˣеĲȻһ۳һڲɽ·һ·ͨͬģеƣ䡣
ҲʱоͷƤϮ˹
𣿣
̺âüĹâʢֱӽʶ
ʼ˱ɱ֪пڰУ֮󣬵˵ʬǸǰʱ֪ˣеһֱڿǣңʶɨӲԷ
֮ǽʶתɨӲԷʶܲһ㣬ڽ֪ΣգֻҪԷһ룬һԸ֪ĵʵϣҲȷʵˣ׽˶Է
̼䣬ڰɫƮҡܣһֻ̽צ
ǣ
Ⱥɫ
ʶܵĿռ䣬һͷԳ︡˵ҰУ鲼ɫëȴңֹһ飬ʮÿһĿһֹаļӸС
֣
ȵ
ͬһʱ䣬ڰɫ꽻֯ȫ֡
ŻϵһӦڲ׽ȹʱǿߵʵǾԻ˳һֻʵĴֱ̺֮̽ӽץס
˻ʮԿкɫˮ
һɿµĲ֯ط˽ļ¡
ͨ۷ǿˣ
˵
Żߣ֯۵һֻѹķѡ
Ѫˮڵϣʬڵϣܿʮаˡ
׻ʳһͨɰǿĺ⣬ʲôȻȶڣ
Գһʮʵ̫ˣ
֮أʲô֡

˵ʲôΨһ·ǰС
·ܿȴǸˣȸɽʱԵø˼֡
ǰܿ죬һ߳Զʱһľķ֣ʶȻѹˣ޷ͬƽռǵãֻȥĲ˶üϧȴ޷ıʲôֻԼøӽСġ
һۣһӹȥ
ͣ
ͺȡ
ǰɫһƵƮţռžвٰ׹Ǻᵹڵϡ
ûпЩ׹ǣǴ֮ɫǰĵƣ̵
̵һֿµ׾֣ȻȲϲڣȴҲˣħȴٴˣȻλ֮ڡ
ʹɫ΢ǿ߶ɵأһµĵƲ˵оȻ̵׾֡
Сѣ⣿
Żʵ
ͷ˶ҪҲڣ˭Ҳ𶯡
ӡӡͿӡʹһĨĨ쿪ȥĸӾ̵аնѹ
ԼȥһӺվ΢ƶʱ鲼ܣǰ
ߣȫʱֻ
˵
䣬һǰȥͬһĨ㡣
˸ٶȻڣǰȫ̵ͨ
쳯ۣµƷӡǡɢ
ûж˵ʲôǰȥ
֮һȥȺ˲ٿµ׾֣мǲڣơңУҲ˲ٹ߹ʱ䣬һмȥڣֻʣˡ
һ죬ǰһܴԼ䣬ŵ
ڵϢŨǶУ
Żޱȼ
ͬһʱ䣬ڴһɳƵɣǡסʳˡǲϣͬ鲣Ħһ㡣
ŻϺ׻ʳŵͨǿ߽Դϲ¶֮ɫ
Լһŵڣҵˣ
ڣǣˣ
Żϸ׻ʳͨʿһ𣬽ŲЩܿǶǰȴûֱӴȥڶɶԶȻȴû³çܹסԼһڵĶԲ򵥣ضһµ׾֣óȻ붴𲻵һ˿ãܻҡ
ȻҲ˶ǰȥʯɢҵڵϣɢŵУһɿţ˫ĿݣݵĲӣֻһƤ˹Ǽϣͬһ߸ʬ㡣


634 
켹΢ݳǻ
ڣɿ߶žŻһˣɳƵǣҡԷǳ³֣·˺ܴ
ǣ𼱣ʿܿͻûµģŻæ˵ţ죬СѣȫˣһȾ棡
Ŀռ䣬Ҳ֪Σһ˿ɲҶһжֻܿˡ
ĬĬͷǰһС
ڵϣŵƽ֯û£̽Ѱ⸽ĵ
κͷһǰǷΪģԲɷΧڵĿռֱһƬԴأص罻֯Ī⣬ɱ󣬵쵽·ʱһ¶ݡΪأǽɽһͷڴϵĲôֱͷθ
Ŷڵĸɿߣ׻ʳڣȻ׾
׾ƣȥףɾˣĵԭɱǳŵģǣ׻ʳ붴һ˲ʹöɱѣڶγ˿ֲµɱ򣬽ԷȫСλãǡǡͷθ֮ڣνθǧ飬һУĹƣ׻ʳڵľضڲϱɡ
ԲŻһֱУԲŻݳӡ

˿ڶɶ⣬ŵƽ֯ǰʱʱüͷ
ɱѾҪһͨ·ڳеˣǳѡ
Żϼı飬ȻҲµһЩȴǿڣ˵СѣһȫˣһҪڳܾȳڣ׻ʳضǴ˷պʲôҪ׻ʳضȫ
ͷûж˵ʲôֻ֣
ŵ˸˫ҲһƵķɳͬʱڵر֮Ϻ͵ص֮ӣɢܡ
ɫأܿ죬һӹȥ
һӺӵϼһСʯ뵽ɷΧڵĿռ
û£
׻ĳ˾ϲ
Щ˲֪ʲô׾֣ȴֲ֪ܿϾܽԼһڶڶڡңţǼҲǸоǰռвУľŻҲ⣬ǰʱһֿµѹóȻ룬ضܴѡڣ춪ȥһСʯСʯȻǰȻܲ׻ʳһ˾ϲţƽƬռһɱ֡
ͬһʱ䣬ڵĸɿҲݣݵӶ죬΢
СǺܲ򵥡
߷ɳƵźεȿµĴɱ֣ǵķΧжôⴳΣÿζЩֱӲһվʿȴƺʹһֵɱʧЧˣίʵЩȡ
̧ͷӭ϶Էݵ˫ۣ۾ͬںڶ㣬ͷƤ΢΢һоǱһͷס˰㣬ɵüһңʱҲͬһʱо˶ԷĲ򵥣۷ʱӦǴ澳磬ǳ¡
ǰˡ
˵
߸ɿݵĲӣ˫۰ݣһɭȻĸоϷڴ㡣
ͷ˵ʲôרƽⶴɱִơ
Ƭĵߣ߹һɱƣƿرԽӴˣƽƵҲ˲١˿̣طɱȻǳ£ǣ̽һʱ󣬾ãԼԴһͨڵ·
˫΢⽻֯ڵϣƽ֯һƵ졣
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
յʱľĵĺأüһƽⶴɱִƣһ龧ĵľԪ֧ƽ׾֡Ȼˣʱ䣬ɫȴǲ԰˲٣ѾǱˮմʪ
Ҳһ죬һտտâ
ͬʱڵĸɿҲ΢𡭡һɱ֣ƺʧˣ
Ŀķֱߣȥڽǵڽӳٶȿ죡
ͳ
ʱ䣬ķѴڴͨһͨڵ·
ĻŻϵ˶ʱһϲ
ȥ
Ż϶Աͨʿȵ
ȻǰĿռЩη壬¹Լһ澳ڣûԥңǺ£ָʾŶλóȥת۾Խ˶ɶΣշΧȫĽ뵽˶ڲ
û£
˾ϲ
ٶȿ죡
ͺȡ
˫ڵرϣ˿֧֮ŵص޾ƣ֧ͨ·УľԪɶڲϵš
죡
ŻϺȵ
ڵæͷСĵķǸɿߣٶȺܿ죬ת۳ɶǷİȫλá
ڣ
ŻæӭϣǼ˷ܣԼһڣھȳˣ
䰲ҲӭȥŸɿʩ񣬵ϲǰɿ߿ȥݵĲӣȴ׻ʳһλڣֿǱ߶ˡ
ڣָ¡
Żϵȡһ龧ҲȡһЩ䣬ĵر
ʱ׻ʳһ˶Χڸɿԡ
ҡͷɳˣҵѾ׸࣬޷޸ܿͻ𣬻˵ţƫͷݵ˫һѾվ죬ͬһˣһɭĸоˣлˡ
㶢ֻоͷƤһ·Ǳһ߸ס˰㡣΢΢һҡͷ˵ǰÿ龧ּһǳлݰ°ˡ
龧죬ɳƵԺϷո㡣
ͻĻ˶һ㶡
Ż϶ݣڣ⡭
΢ֻߵ˫۸ɭˣǰʲô˼
׻ʳƽϷѾ׸࣬໹һʱͻٵʮ꣬ϷҲ˴󴴣һܴ꽫Լ۳ǡǣϷֱҪһµĴȥϷΪ޷ٻָ۷״̬࣬ﵽ춼ѣһʧ̫ˡ
ԣϷһãϷ԰棬Ա֤ΪԺܹ˳ָ߶죺˳һ⣬Ϸ˺ˣϷ˺ˣȴᡣѪǳ񣬷ǳˣϷƶΪһ¥Ҳ˵˵ţ߰ݵ˫ɭ⣺Ϸ򷽲Ų˵Ϸڴ㣡
ˣֻüһ˲ñ̹ǣͬʱҲޱȱ䡣
ķѴȳˣ˿̣Ȼ𱨣Ҫ


635 죬飡ǵأڳ
׻ʳڣɱޱ
ͬһʱ䣬ŻϵҲסˣݳ
Ҳʱһ
׻ʳǰСˣΪṩʵ֮ң䰲ס죬ȾŻϵ˸ȿڣɢһɼΪǿܲ԰ƽǰҪһȫ
ŸɿߵĻ䰲Ȼܸˣٵ죬ϣ£ܴõˣֻŻٵ졣
ڽ䰲̬ȣɿԵ÷ǳ⣺ãܺãѹס
䰲ֱӿ졣
϶
춢Ž䰲ŶĸɿߣĿ絶һ㡣
ԵͺǴӭ䰲
ߣϷѾõĲˣƾΪܵסϷ򣿡
䰲
ʵϣƣҲȷʵǲ罭䰲ѹˡ
˫ֱ֣ӽһֵ䰲ͬһʱ䣬ŵ˸ǣص׵ͬرϵҲһâš
Ҳϣѹסɿ߶ԾŻϵ˵ҵʱ䲻ˣ
Żһ漴Įȥ
һʱ䣬ϢӿݺһŻϣӸӱ䡣
һ·һһҲʣ
Ż䣬ĵ֮䣬Ϸֻѡڡ
䣬ѹɭȻʹҲֱӱѹסˡ
𱨵ĵӶɫޱȱһΣһʯֱӳУϱ鲼ƣˣٸҿǰһֱӷ
ŻϺͽ䰲Զݣ׻ʳͨǿҲǱɫʯ֮ǰǷеĵص׿ռ﷢֣ǳ꣬ޱȿֲĻһʯ鿪ڶʱڻٵһǳصˣȡʯв⼸˸ͷƤһ飬ŻϺͽ䰲ֱֹס˽Ų
ŻĿ䣺鿪һͻϷô
䰲ҲǶݣɭСǺϧԼ㲻ң
ٴο粽Ϣǿ졣
̧ϵʯ棬һĨֱɢ
һһȥʲôң

⻰ŻϺͽ䰲һ̲סֹס˽Ų
٣
ʱһ
׻ĳڣɿݵͻȻ鿪漴һƺѸײڶ֮ͻƿռ䣬˶ע⵽£ֱ뵽üġ
ʱ䣬ݺһɫ䡣
һ̣ƺýӲˣԶ
ˣΪϷҪѹܶڴڵɳƶĮϷ֮ô˵֮ѹ㣬ΪתעˣԷϷɵ˶ѡ
ɫ־ŭϲģ
壬Ƴڵ꣬ϧȴǸá
ʱ޷ƿԼˣ岻
ͬһʱ䣬ŻϺͽ䰲Ҳݣԭ濪ǳѹ죬ֻΪ˸ѡ
׻ʳǰ
䰲Ц죬ʱһҲܶˣǽ
𣡡
ŭͫѪ죬ȴҲǱѹסˡ
ԴľŻϺʹ޵еĽ䰲վЩ
ʯɫѿޱȷŭ϶ҹ
ܴ𣬿ϧȴʼƿز壬޷
СҪͽͣ壬Ϸˡ
ڴӸλô
ʹɫٱ䣬λãʿҪĵطǱԴڣ

ٴδ
ʱ뿪Լûüģһ·£ֱԴȥƶķǳ죬͸֪Ѫ⣬Ǹ⣺úúãһ˫ǣֱΪս
;淢ʵ̫ˣѪ⾧ӨԪҲǿĿ£ԶԶվʿӦþ߱ˮ׼Цţƶٶȸ죬תۼԴȴܵЩ谭
úúãԴҲܾˣȻܶϷ꿿ܺãǳã
ЦıԴԽǿռΪָͻԽףպȡĳɾͣҲøߣЦţâţһǿϢɢƿԴЩ֮⡣
棬һѪˮ˳ֻоһ׶ĵʹӿȫ

ŭȻʱȴôΨзĴЦٴδڲ
ǿıԴĹâúúã
ЦУԵľϲ
û뵽ڣ˺Դ֮⣬һ貵ıԴʹޱ˷ܣһֱ˽ȥ
ã̫ˣ̫
ЦȻһ˲䣬֮͵һɫ䡣ԴֱƿıԴȡ壬Ȼһ̣ܵĳȴͻȻԭ貹âʧˣһƬ谵޹磬Ƭ죬飡ǵأڳҰУɻ˻ħҪ飬Ҫ㸲
ͬʱһž޴ͼƵڲ֮ߣʩʩȻתͬһƬǿգ
һ굱ɣ̼鲼Ѻۡ
⡭ʲô
ǰһĻǾ֡
棬ľŻϵ˶һ𣬸ɫ
ڣʲôôˣ
ŻϽʵѹźԵɵɢ˴롣
ͬһʱ䣬оԼԶˣ»Ȩ
ϲģ
ݺҧ
ûаԥǰĶȲڵϺݺһ̤ӡڵص͵ر֮ϵâţ´һͨ·һȵʯһ̽ʹƶ˵ĺץסһ붴֮ڣڵ׻ʳڵҲһ˶֮С
·ʵͺԵסŻԼ䰲Ψп뵽ƬͺԲ

׻ʳͨʿǰҪӶץ˲Ÿոտһ̼ܼڹֱӽ֮ķ飬ҽж
һĻԭȥľŻϺͽ䰲˽ֹſֲɱ֣췽Ŵͨһ·ڣ·ȻʧˣɷΧڵĿռ䣬ٴαɱǣڳȥԻᱻͷӶʣ
ǣУֵٴδڴ׻ʳƺʲôµĶģ㡭ҳȥ


636 ɵ
ֵڴ׻ʳľŻϵ˸ʧɫ
ڣôˣ
ŻϴС
䰲ҲľھܱʮúҲ˴󴴣Ͼ澳ǿڣȴڣһСʿڣҪӦñȳԷˮҪ򵥲ŶԣڣԷȴȾֵĽǽͺñһͨ˿Ϊɲһ㡣
ʱ򣬺Ա붴ͫҲǴžɫŵĿ졣ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ΢ⶴкڵľڷɿĳš
ûбҪ£ҪҶԽԽңžͻԽ졣

ɽһͷڵصĲôⷽͷθ֮ڣڣͺУõľŻϵˣľȴڱɡ
һȲڶ΢΢һ𣬴Ƭƴӵص׳𣬽֯ںԺ⡣
ʱ䣬ͺԵľٶȴ
ҧĿ̺⣬ʼ˼ζԸڵ׻ʳꡣ
ģ⣬ǡ
ٴδڴľŻϵ˸ӽ䰲ľ
ʱĵطԴڣ겻ϲ־Ѱȥ谵ڹ⣬ڲ飬޾ɻ޾ħ˻һȫסڣϵͼҲѹ
һɻħ֣ͼҲûǣֻǵϢѹҲֱӱ㽫ɣϵѺ۸Ӷˡ

澪֡Ƭ谵ڹ飬ڳɻħ˻𣬻ͼƵֱĩջҪ£겻ϲһ˵ԴôһƬµ磬ôȿֲĻ棡
ƬоھʹǻԵϢ㤣ֻ˳ȥȻܵĿռȴ·𱻷˰㣬һʱ侹Ȼ򲻿·
䣡
ͼһЩɻħҲǰɫ䣬谵ڹֻǵϢԳܣʹЩɻħͼãٷ֮ٻᱻһ˲䱻ķ顣

治ԥˣ֮âţȼһֻܣǿ½Ƭ谵ڹ˺ѿһС϶漴ѭһС϶ͬɥ֮Ȯ㣬һ΢С˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬棬оʹֱӿȳһѪ
Ҳʱһڳģɫǻ̿֡
ڣ
Żϵ˴С
˺׻ʳҪϧȴɷΧڵĿռ䶼дɱָţҪӲȫᱻʣ
ڣ춢ס꣬ݺҧ̹ǣɱ
ķѴ˾ȳԷȴĶ
ʱӭԴƬ谵ڹĿֲ磬岻ɵòԵľ֣㡭㵽ʲôˣʱˣ鲼ѺۣЩ͸
ʲôˣ캮ɱˣ
ɱ⣬һŴӷƬ谵ڹĿֲعע⵽˴ʱĻôʱֻصʮĶڣδ֪Ŀ֣Ļ嵱ݺһ
絶粽ϣ˹ȥȥϢ͹˰
ʱκ˶ܸо˥ϲѺۣҽǽ͸ʵ֮䣬·ʱпܱ飬һƺ֮ܽɢ
һⷽµĶűƹ죬־ŭòȴȻֱŴⶴ棬·ֻص˷Ƭ谵ڹĿֲ㣺㴳ɣ
ǲܣֻ֪ڣϾҪˡ

ϣƽ֯⣬ַŹ⣬
㲻ǸСʿϷȻ˥ޣҲһա
һ̣һڹֱӴ
͵һĻֱӱɨɡ
󣬺ƽ֯ͫ䣬Ķ׻ʳ档
ڣ
⣬Żϵ˴С
Լһ걻ɨɣ׻ʳļ˸ɫ䡣
һߣø鵭ˣŭӵĺԡڵ״̬Ͼ򣬲һʿɵȻȴǴڰ벽Σ£ش
粽ϣƽ֯ػƬζôڣûˣУƽռٶȿ屶ֹã״̬ܹ֧ŵ˶ã
ɫѿ㡭
䣡
ڹٴδٴⴴ
ǡ
䣡
ڹһԲϳ֣ɷڹⲻĻϡ
˻𣬵󣬻ԽԽ鵭ϵѺ۱øӶˣ˥˼㡣ͺԣϷҲ漶ûдΪûеɱϷڣĶڣϷ겻ⴴҲܱǼֵĸãǻϷȱɵо˵ţֶ죬ڵСߵӦҲа취ȥϷȥϷµģٶ֣񡭡
ﬣ
̶Ͼˡ
⣬ڰ꽻֣֯ϳҡҷ
˭˵һҪеɱ㣡
ĵ
ݵһϣһƬƮȵϡ
ᣬȴ㣬һĲҽУֱӱһƬ塣
澪壺㣿۷ʱһأ񣬻徹һʿһ֡
ﬣ
ҡҷ۳һ߳ͬԽ˿ռ㣬תǰֱӴؿڴȵĶڵϡ
ҽдд걻ᴩɱҪʹǧ򱶡
ʿԣԴʶ꣬ҪĶ
㡭
ﬣ
ͬһϣֱӴ仰

ҽٴδޱ˻
ڣ⣬ŻϾŭѣ죬ס֣ڣ׻ʳΪ𣡡죬Żһüֽŵſ棬ӦܽٴδӶڣ棬Ҵ׻ʳӦ㣬º龧ң֮Ѱ鷳һҿԷµģаΥ
Ц̧ȣŵ£ݺһŲֱϡ
͵һ罣֮⣬һֱӽֻ飬һǹƮ𣬳ʧ
Żϴŭ㡭
ɫ䣬ĲҽУƫͷŻϣĵߣһ·ңһɶʣ£ҲϺķѾѪƴȫȳ϶ȴһҶ֣϶𱨣ȴҷŹ´߳ⶴžŻϣ飺ɵ𣡡


637 ڹײ
䣬ǲ˿飬еģֻǵĮµɱ⡣
ƽ֣⣬꽻֯ǰ۳һĳ߳󽣣ƽն¡
͵һֱۻǹɢ

ҽд̶ޱ
ֱۺֱ۵Ļ嶼ն飬汻ڵ棬ϧȴû˿áʮĻ屾˴󴴣ıԴ֮ˣںԵɱ±ʧȥ´ⶴڣڿţѾ˥˼ޣĽ
ס֣
Żŭ
ߣٴն£һνȻķ顣
ҽУ屻ն飬־ֿ֣סס֡ңϷˣϷˣŹϷ򣡷ŹϷ򣡡
һδα飬ȱһиѪ⻹Ҫʹ࣬ǳ˿ܡ
Ź㣿
Ц
еٴն£һνȻ顣

̶Ĳҽ쳹ڣ֮ͬ㡣
⣬׻ʳļ˸ŭŻϴ𣺡ס֣죬Ȼ棬һնһڵĻ壬۾ˡ
Դˣ⽻ܼ֯ƣϴı顣
űڵϵ棬һΣ׼ͷ­ڡ
ʱ˽Աɫ
꣬ˣס֣ס֣ŹϷϷӦҪ󣡾Բʳԣ
ġ
쵭ĮĸӶԷֻĸ֣·
䣬еĳâʢݺѹ档
ۣ
һΣƱ߶£ֱл塣

һʱ䣬طռһƬ
⣬䰲ͷ죬Ȼ׻ʳһڸɱˣ
죡ŭ𣬾ŻĿѣ˫ĿнҪγѪ㾹ˣķѴѰ澳ټȴǱնɱˣ׻ʳ㲻죡㲻ݣ
˫ĿѪ죬ȴʲôҲˡȥ˺죬ɶȴɱֽƣǿǰֻ
쳯ɨۣ漴ƫͷʼⷽ
ɱڵÿ뿪ˣУ鲼ܼƣڵľȴڲϳš뾡ź뿪ط򣬾̫࣬ͺԶ
ʯѾСʱƽ֯ӡ
Ӷڽһͨ·Ӷһڵͨ·߿ȥƺ࣬شһϣȴվЩһͨ·ѶҪڸ߳ࡣϾ֣ν֣ǽȥ׳ȥѡ
ߣ⴫Ц䰲죺׻ʳǰ澳ⶴﳤʮ꣬ȻƿͻƳȥҲúķѺܾãĵͼΪÿⷽмֶ೤ʱ䣡
䰲ˣڶڣᱻ֮ǰŻǰݸɿݡһ澳ǿˣֻǴվ磬£ڵܹ֧೤ʱ䣿Զ޷ǿ߱ȣ
ֶܼ೤ʱ䣬㵣ģҲò㵣ģȻҸҽȻаڶʱڴȥӵĮɨӽ䰲ˣǣûң߳Ƭأ߳Ƭĵߡ
⻰һļ˽Աɫ
ʱĸ׾֣м˶Ǽһ̲ס΢΢¡
䰲СΪֻܽشƣϷҲóʱ·߻ȥϷӦԣò㣡
𣬽ʦЦʦҧĺĿԴ
䰲Ȼ컰еķ̺Ͳмɫʱࣺ㣡
һٴˡ
ӣС䵽ͷΪССˣľٶҲЩ
ڵϣŵӣıǽϣҲɢ
ⷽڵĵһ۱չȥ
ռ䣬ľڲţͬʱΪתҲڲϺķѾԣֱȡһ龧ߣ֮ϲԼġ
УŻϵҲһֱվڶ⣬죬ǾŻϺ׻ʳͨʿų֮ɫק˫ȭûȥһ뿴ƽⶴʧܣ뿴һ㱻ǶС
ˣһתۣչȥ
ˣ
ڣƽ֯âñ֮ǰκʱҪҫۡ
гһƽֱ֯ۺͽֱǰնȥ
͵һıǽնʯ¡
סǰֱʲôҲûг֣ǳһ
ã
н֯һƾâ
Ѱʱ䣬ķѴԼһǧ龧ܼӡص׺Ͷʯڣ֯ʯڵĵɱָγһƬȫشԳƽ֯ʯڵİȫ֮ﲢûɱԤʾŷǳȫ
û˹ǣζһǰʯնȥ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һһʯڶһˣһƬڣͨ򶴸һࡣ
Ϊʯںܺ첢֪ھʯͨⲢص㣬صǣķѰµʱ䣬ڴһ·
⣬䰲˸ɫ죬ڰڴӶڴһͨ·
㡭ôô죡
䰲̲ס
Żϵ˸Ǵŭݣһ澳ڱڶʮ궼ȥ죬ȴڰھʹӶһͨ·

һ̣ŻͻȻʹôվΪڰھʹֲĶһᱻСʱˣ첻ǻôˣôĵڻߵ
ڣߵĶѨǰͷŻϵˣڴȫĵڣȻûǸãѰĳЩ·ʱɱ˶ԷԺǾͲһˡ
Цɨ˼һۣԼĶѨܿ뿪ķΧ
תۣӰʧڽ䰲˵ҰС

Ż

뿪ڣ΢žʯǰУʱʱǰ
ˣֱȥԼʱʯڳױͨаǰ
ֱ۳壬΢΢ʯ²˵ϡ

صһ˲䣬һƺ粻֪ʲôطƮʹһ
з磿
ɻܣʱ䣬ɫ͵Ĵ䡣
Ŀռڳˮĺڣģһ΢ţԵúܳʪڸǰЩȻʯײĿʯšڹײĺͨûдϲ˳ǣȴǻƤƮ


638 龧
ֻоͷƤһ飬ƿڴĸ˵ɵȱ£ȻڷڹײģأŹײֶ뺦˰ĵطڹײģҪʬĻٷ֮ٻ£
ڹײģȻ󣬱ǸоſеĺøŨˡ
΢粻֪ʲôطѩԨµļ
һûпڹײģѭԱһ·ȥ
Ųᣬܿ뿪ڹײĺԶ
֨
ʱŵĿռУһ촫·ָڿ۶ʯͷ㡣
һˣȥ
ʯУһڹײĵĹ׸΢΢ζԱƿһЩ¶һ΢Сķ϶̼䣬Ƭռ¶Լƿʼ͡
·˲Ϣɭ
ֱӻͷһҲˣһ糯Զȥ
ܿ죬ʮȥֱԶǸط췽ͣ
΢΢Ϣɫôÿղйײѿˣ棬ƺʬ壡
һĿɨӶѭһ·ǰߡ
ƬɽڣռԵúܻ谵ǰߣԵԽӵĳʪ
ܿ죬·߳˺Զƺɽˡ
ʱоһ·ڶĲӴ㣬ͬʱʶУҡҷһƵĺڰɫڹ⡣
ֻоˣû˿ԥֱӻͷһȭȥ
飡
һ죬ȭͷ·һϣָƺҪˡ
΢΢̧ͷݺһ
ҰУȭͷһ߸ߴӰؿڣӰڣûаѩ׵ķ·Ĩ˷۰㣬Ψһ˫ͫī
ûĽгٺˡ
ͬʱͷĺԶǲۼ׶о˴в
ಣ
ûаԥֱӲǚiԶ񱼡
Ҳ֪֮ǰڹײģһڹײĶܳˣӰʬ壡ĺĸĵĻ쵰ʬײģֽײķɽģأĵطһ壬Ǿ׵أھ׵żڹײģٷʬ壬ⲻǰʬʬƺħˣµʬħ
ֻƾŸо֪ʬħĿֲǿ߹ƶסͣһ߿񱼣һ߽ܼĺڰɫ⣬Ϊĵɶ෶ΧȫУʬħĿΪȻʶҲƲʬħܲл
ˣ
ͻȻ⣬ǧڹʢ
ͷʬħѩףһһ׷ʱûа
ͷƤһԼǵ˰˱ѪùˣŴǶ߳Ȼֶ
һҧڰ϶뷢㣬볯ʬħᴩȥ

ͬײԭԿаʬħϣȴ·նڼ᲻ɴݵһ㣬һ̶ûûаЧ
쵹ɿ챼ӡ
ֻϧʬħٶԶ죬һһת۱Ƶǰ΢΢죬ʱɭƮ𣬴˵Ķζͬʱֳץȥ
޷ܣֻòһȭӭϡ
ͬʱͷĺҲ֣䲻Ŵȴſһɱڹ⡣
ȻһжãһȭʬħĴϣֱӵɣȳһѪͬһʱ䣬ľɱڹҲǲ˵ʬħһһ
ʬħͬһ㣬Ϣһȭͺһûкһٴγ
ԥʹٵıӡ
ʱˡ
ˣһ·񱼣ת۾ǰʱȥ
ʱһ·ǰӣαʬħ׷ϣˣҲ⡣
Ҳʱٳʪ¶ͻȻ
ǰһƹȿڵĵΣʲôҲûУռһƬ谵ȴǸһ̫ϵĸоȸľ
ͺһ׷ʬħҲ΢𣬾ܵӰ졣
ȣ
кһĨâ
ȣڣ֮۳ܷٻٵ̤еκζ˻ǹǶаһĶȵɱǿ
ǰоյأʬħ׷Ǿʱȴ˿
Ȱ
ŵӣԥĳǰȥ
ͬһʱ䣬⻪һһ̲ĺ֣һԲջ
̫
һ̣һƿ·һ֧̫̫򣬱̺֮Ƭȵϣʩչƣֳ̫Уͷ·Сڣûа谭квС
ܿ죬ƺ̫壬ֱӳȵķΧ
ͷʬħȴǲҿīĹֱͫĶ졣
쳤һǽǿµʬħˡ
أ׾ֶСҪȻҪˡ

ɨʬħһۣԶ˶٣ת뿪
ûãԶԶ뿪ڵķΧ߳ȥ˴Զ
ѭ·СǰУܿһʱȥ
ʱ򣬿к˵ĲǷǳ
ʹ΢΢ݣϸ׽е
Ӹǰ
ǰ
ûԥŽСģٳǰȥ
һתۣʮȥһƬɽݵĵطռ䲻ٻ谵Ҳ䳱ʪǺº͡ȥʯڽǾӨ񣬽͸һŨϢ֯ܣ·۳һƬ󺣣˶ˣԶ΢΢ͫ
طҰȫ龧һƬ
ǣ󣿣
ս˫֡
ǰһƬƬ龧Թһ£ʮң
ʮ龧ʲôʮźССɼ龧Ҳûط࣬ƣΨѰҺʳ龧ܹ
䣬𣿣һʮ龧󣬳Ƶˣ
ʮ龧ֵ
ܼ龧ͻȻһֿྡĸоĵߣôͷʮҵ龧ǰίʵЩ
ʮ龧㹻ͨˣһʣºܶࡣ
һƽ
ȥ

վ죬Щ龧龧ﵽͨɲΣֱͨӾͻѹ¡ûκ׼طɽ٣Իᱻʣ׼Щ龧֮߳ĵߣȥɽӡȶͨɴٵ׼Щ龧ͨɾ
ɨܣ׷ƣΪֹйҲΪھ龧ʱй֮мصַһ龧֮һһ뵽ʯָС
ˣת۾ȥ
ʱ䣬콫ʮҵ龧ȫų
ԳȥˣͨɾֻһĨ⣺֪Ǽ˻ûлš


639 ǻţҺܸ
ΣأĵҲǲ׾֣ţû·£ȻһоŻǿߣн䰲ѰʦҲһߵĳȥ֮ǰ߹ĵطߣҲضѡ
ȻһЦ뿪λãѭһ·뿪
ʮҵ龧ȫֻҪ߳ȥܿͨɾ
ʵ˵ڴ

뿪ߵ·ǱܿʱΪʱǸطһͷʬħӹײ˳һϣǻ⡣ңȴͷǸطڹײģڹײҲƵĶܳϣĲˣǶɱȴǿ߻¡
෴ķػضУܿ뿪Զľ룬Ѱ·
û߹ãͻȻñʹһʱͣ
ܵư͹ƽ֣̽ȻһƬ׵ĵƣΪߣȲڣȣȴԱȵ̵ܿ¡
ƿظӴ죬תŵ˸ķѴԼӱǽ⿪һͨ·Ȼ߹⺮ߡ
Ѱͨ·
תۣʮһʱȥ
ʮһʱȺ˸׾֣д̹ǷأлأмĹܲڣУ˺üܿڣƣβա
ڣǲɱ

һ룬ƿ棬Ͳ֪˶ٴˡ
ˣûʬħǲеˡ

˶٣Χȥ
ˣܿǼʱȥ
һ㣬ƬأѾˡ
հɣ
ͻȻǰһתǴнŲ
һ漴ͼӰҰУԵ÷ǳǱ
һ漴Ц
ɰǻš
˲ǱˣǾŻϣ䰲׻ʳһͨʿ
ʱ˵ɫܲ԰ףϴѪϢǳ˥
˼죬ҲǸݡ
С㣡
䰲һڣǾȣܿͱɱ
ʱ˴ԼԶų䰲ʦ㲻ǳҲóش𣬲ǳʱ·ߣ׾뿪ôƣ룬ƺʲôòƻǵһЩ£뿪ʱһвǻôֻʣˣ
䰲ɫʱһƬࣺ㡭ŭ죬ȴ˵һ仰뿪֪غܿ£;Ż׼ԭ·أ׼ɱ죬ţ첻һܻ߳ء
ֻǣԭ·ʱ֮ǰ߹ĵȴƺˣ죬ʼ߲ȥУ׻ʳͨǿҲĪĲŻϺһҲⴴɶˡ
Цˣ⼸죬ûȫɾ̫ˡ
ˣ䣬Ĺ⡣ľһδνһ˴ԵأֽգҪ˱һԸһ𱨣ʼձһӻȻǰݺ׻ʳǸڣȴҲɲȫ
񣬾ŻϺͽ䰲ţҶǱսлȥԷйڶĻȻǼ˵¡

ŻϷŭ
ûκζ˿ֱӳ
Լһķ޾Ѱʧʮ澳ڣȴǱɱ˺͸졣
䣡
ӿ򲨶ֱ˹
ۣƮȻˡ
϶ƾڵ㣬Ҳɱң
Ц
ɱһֻϣ㹻ˣ
ŻϺ
һ򲨶øŨˡ
Աߣ׻ʳһͨǿߵͺҲɱ˹ȥ
һ䰲һ̧ѹ죬ͬʱŻϣҪֱɱҪѰǿ԰ȫ뿪ط
һ֣âƣڸķпռ䡣
лһĨĹ⣬ʱ򣬾ŻϺͽ䰲Ȼ˥˲٣ɱȴҲǱǿ濹⣬Ƕ֡ˣȴûаη壬ֻǹűЦ⣬ƮȻʱ·ȥ
Ӳˣ
ŻϺ
䰲ܵıǽ׷졣
һ׻ʳͨǿûԥŲһ磬Ҳ׷˹ȥ
˸ɱⰻȻܿ׷߹ԶľҲԽԽֻɶԶˡҲʱܵĿռЩɭ˵㣬ͻأһͷƤĸо
û˸ǣڣҪ𡣡
Цǰ
վǰƶֹסŲͷŻˡ
˵
ۣ
׻ʳǸͨǿ߿ڣɻ˵ӽµĵص׳𣬽֮Ϻת۽֮ʴĿȫǣ漴۵һը鿪
ͬһʱ䣬䰲;ŻҲѣڹ⽻֯ɫ䣬𶯳ֵͬʱ볯ˡֻǣʱ·ȴҲǱˣ·ˣЩ·ûһС
һ˲䣬˵ɫǱòҰһƬ
ƿǣ
ŭ졣
ڣҲ֪콫һ׾֮С
Цŵ׽֯һƣĹǷԲɿռ䣬ȻȲڣͲ򣬲Ըڵǣ㹻ˡֶ֪ܼá
ɭӿϣŴ̹ǵ⣬Ľ䰲;Żϸĺȫ֧⡣Ȼȴûʲôãӵص׳з·޾Թа飬ܸʴʴĻ

־ŭ
֮һʱ˳Ļϱɣܴ󴴣ڷɿţڵɫѩףһɶˡ
ԤҪ֧ŵĸЩ
Ц
ʱ춯ˣһΣһƷɽ֣Сɽٵ׵ʱãƱͲټڽϿӡƣʹɽøӿ£˵ǵ޵Ҳˡ
ɽһס˽䰲
䰲Ȼǿ񣬶ʱͷһС롭
ﬣ
Х̶߶Ʒֱֿնһ⣬䰲ֱ۸ж
һʱ䣬ѪˮƮڵϣĿǳʹƬĹøɭɲ
䰲ҽУնʹŤˣ֡
ۣ
һ佣ɹ֣䰲ֱҲն
͵һֱڵϣֱӱӵص׳ɭڻ˸ɾ
֡
ﬣ
Хٴλصն齭䰲˫ȡ
Ϊ˶һδǲǿ׷ɱΧңϽ׵źڣԷѰҵټĵҲһδơɽŽ䰲ûԼ䵽ذɣ


640 Χ
䰲ڵҽУ֫նѪҪжҡ
ɽĹ⣬鵭Į
𣿡
Ž䰲
䰲龪֣Ҫɱң
ûм˲ûм˲ţ䰲ȥ
쵭ĮһЦ̧֣ӽ
וּһһĿбɶֱӽ䰲ͷ­顣
Ѫˮڵ棬ɫԽһʣĿġ
Żһ䰲Ȼôɱˡ죬ק˫֣һߵֵԼĹµĿɲһŭ죬ɱ⡣
ɽƫͷŻϡ
ǴǿߣĹá
Ц
еɽ˸ź⣬׽â֯ڽ壬һֿµɢ
ûκζĶгһ𣬶ʱʮžŻϱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ȳڵһ𣬼Ĺڣص׶ʱ
ʮâŨʱ뽫Ż֣ʱʹþŻܴѡ
ۣ
Ļʴ漴ĽУŻϵŹᴩ͸Ѫ
Żŭ⻪˸ܴٻָѪתۼʧ
Դˣƽǿ߷ͬһ㣬ȻնķҲؾ۶Żؿڱնļ͸Ѫ޸Ȼʲô¡
ĮһЦеĽնżĹµһδδ˶Է
һۣʱȥ
ۣ
Żϵؿڣһζһ͸Ѫ
ʱѪԻָˣѪˮס
Ѫ˰ɣ
Ц
ǿȻؾͬһսУÿ޸һǵúķѲٵѪڰʱﲻն˾ŻϣͬʱĹµҲڲϸʴԷʱ򣬾ŻϵѪѾ֧ſ޸
󡭡
ﬣ
̶âľŻϸٴζһѪ
һʱ䣬Ѫ硣
һ·һδνǴԵأһδھ׾оǵڴǶдȻôҵģЦ˸ɭ⣺ǵҪȻ˵ǣһˣ϶һ𱨵ǣ磬񣬻˼һһ׻ʳһȺĶ
˵ţһӳĽʮżɿն
ŻϿܣվΪ˵̫Ѫ㣬ûȫܿһζѪЩطڵİ׹Ǻܿĵ
ϴűЦһش㣬ŭȴӣʵ˵ʹ졣£ٴλӽʮһֱӽŻϵһֱ۸ж͵һڻ
ܴǻŴһ׾֣Ҳһ
ĵ
ƿĵطžԵƣ
ﬣ
䣬׻ŻϵĴȹᴩ
ŻϵŤһţӿѪдŭС⣡ϷǰطһȫڣֻҪ߳طȴĽ׻ʳֹ׷ɱֻ·һ죬ŻϷҲó
Цɽһһն
ۣ
ŻϷͺһֱ۱ն¡
׵ţڣѰңһ׻ʳΣžŻϣ죬һս£̤·ֻе˷ʬŵף׻ʳҲ⣡׵Ѿ˶ã׻ʳҲһںѰңǣ𣡡
ŻϱĿ־ŭĶƾ㣬Ҳ롭
ﬣ
̶ն¾Żϵȡ
еĽâţɱӿϣϻ˵̫ˣڣ·
һХеĽһ磬ˡ
𣬵ջ¡
һ̣һƫͷĺڰһٱ
תۼ䣬һڵӰ֣һһϢͬˡ
ʬħ
춯ݣŵ˸ûκԥֱӴһƹ˴ľŻϣйĹͷҲصĿʮԶ
ֻһ˲䣬󴫳ĲҽУдޱߵĻҺޱߵĿ־塣
ͷȥʱͷƤһ飬ʬħֱӳ˼ĹУܵĻһץžŻϣͬҰް˺ҧŻϵ壬תۼͿеŻϰӣȶ˳

ŻϲҽУϧãѲˣ
ʬħѪһһڵҧŻϵҧӣҧȣһѽ೦ץ˺ҧѪˮͣĴʳ
ŻϵĲҽԽԽѾв
꣡
һڣʬħſѪˮʬڣֱӿеŻϰͷ­
춢һĻˣֻйɺӽŵ׳𣬿ͷ­
Ҳʱʬħ̧ͷǴԽѪˮɭɭ졣
͵һ飬ûֱӸҲֱͣӲǚiһԶȥ
ʬħֲ̫ˣ
Ҳ֪ŻϿ϶ˡ
һ߲ǚiԶߣһ߽ӦܣԷͻȻʲôаͬʱŵҲ˸ͨѰҳȥ·
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
պ֮ǰµ޾ƣ˳һɽ߿ڱԵɽߣʼɽʱ߹·
ⷽɽߣûа㶺ֱ߳ɽԶ˴Լɺͣ»ͷ
˭ŵڹײ棿
ڻ˼⡣
ʯײĲԼðĵһΪµˣҲһǸǿߣӦ֪ƬɽزŽڹײǸطǳףڹײˣͼıʲôõͷȴ۷ǿߵʬħرֶƿǣ
ǣӦҲԣ
ܴݵĽڹײ÷ŵڣֻҪôƿҪôΪǿȻʷϣƺֻһˣ񣬶һҲ˵ȴ⣬ûƿǸˣǿžǿΪأڹײ÷Сһǿ߶ԣõźķʱȥʬħ
üͷôҲ벻ֱֹͨȥӺǷ˼ҡҡͷ
ˣҲûʲôϵȳȥ龧ͨɲΣ

ͨɲΣвһƾâ
ûԥʱ·ĵȥ
ƿѾ߹׾֣ڶʱȻ߹֮󣬺ķ˴Լʱ䣬ڴĵ˳ڽʱƬɽУ¿꣬ºʵĿ
һ̣ɫһ䣬ӿɱѹ
죡
ܣܼӰ֣ɱ⡣
Щˣʱһ
׻ʳˣ


641 ļ
Ż֮ǰѾطڵһȫڣû뵽һ˾ȻôΧĵ⣬
ܣȺʮˣͨɾ磬Ϊ׵벽ǿߣѹʱ˷λõ·˶סˣһϢĶߵڴ˻ĵ߶ˡ
ĶľŻأ
һ꿪ڣڰ벽ΣΪ׵֮һʡ
ǰһ׻ʳȻǾŻطĵڴţ̺һС죬ɱһڣ£׻ʳĻŭɳһȺǿߣٶΧ
֪ɴ˿߳ȴûмŻϣŭʡ
¡

׻ʳڵڵطţǷǲθĿ¶ŻϾصͨططŴڣΪ˿̣ôһȺǿߣ˼
궢ı飬һ˲Ͳ³ʲôľŻϣˣ
˫УָȴǴЦˣĺܲң
Ļʮһ
㡭
㺦ľŻϣ

ʮˣŭ
ŻϴڴΣǲԸžŻϻĵ߲ͬط˳Żȴǲ߳˵¡Ҫǣһ˽ı飬ܿĺ첢û˵ѵĺۼ
ʱ䣬һ˸ŭ
ԼһʧʮںòױټȴǱɱ񣬴ľŻҲ֮ǰеһͨǿȻҲˣǸ¶ɭȻɱ⣬Ǻ޲һһڽҧ顣

ɱ
ѹڣ꣬ó
һ˴
Ϊ׵İ벽ǿ߶꣬һ˴ź£һ˴źһۣһȫˣͬʱֳѹ£Ϊ֮¡¡졣
оâ˸ʱ˫̧𣬷ɿ컮һӡ

ͺȵ
˸ʮ֣Ѹײڶ֮Ʋ˵
ţһ߶Իˣһ߽˫УԷɿٶȰпӡʮƣʹ֮û뵽֮С˿̣ӡʹʮԻΪ׵벽ǿ߶һȻǲϵһĻ
ߣ
ͳ
ֻ̫֮ݵĸˣߵѡ
Ȼ֪ʲôһʱţѹʮͨǿȫɣŴʮɡ
ԾϺԵļʱ䣬Իһ糯Զȥ
תۼ䣬һһԱʧƬɽ䡣

벽ǿ˲ϵĽƣŭ㡣
׷
һ˺ȵ
ڿգ˦ʮͨʿ׷졣
ںԵļϣߵĳɿˣ쫷紵ʹ
ƫͷ󣬶ʱɫ׻ʳ벽ǿ߾׷ٶһҲȺ
ôܣ
ͷһ
ԵٶȣԱȵһĴǿߣųƴ޵еĽ䰲׷ϣֻͨİ벽ʿѣʵͺԴڲ٣ô׷ϺԵٶȣ
ˣƬ̺Ƕݣ˵ϣǶһ
ǣ
һ
׷ܹĿı飬Ȼʲôһ˺ǲУ֪߸ŵٶȿ켫Ϊֹߣ׷ٶж죬ǵٶȾж죬Ҫķ߶նӲˣ
ϣ׷˸ʹٶȿ켫ʼպͺԱһ¡
ʱɫֵˣ˴
а˼Բ˶Ǵڰ벽ԲȺ濹⣬ͺԻֵܵһȴԲǶ֣ᱻѹնɱһζӶݣҲǲУԷ׷ٶʼպͺԱһ£ҲķѰ෴Ե᲻ģȵʱҲתۼͻᱻѹնɱ
ڣΨһϣʯеʯˣǿʯɱˡǣͺ˼ľ벢ûж٣һʯͺҲпܲУ򲻵ѵĹͷȥʹǿʯ
ﬣ
ХܼĽն˼
æܣȴǱ֮ˣϳһѪۡ
𣡡
ٶȸ죬ڹͬɫâ֯
ͽͣ
󣬴ɱĺ⽻֯š
ϵ׷â˸ʱ䣬ٶȱøӿ죬ͺһģһ
ͬһʱ䣬ܼĽٴնͺԡ
Կܣֶ̫࣬ܿЩˡ

ɫѿٵ˼ӦԷ
Խһɽٶȿ켫ֻǣ׻ʳȴʼոҲ˦
ǣֻ


һƬƽԭϣʢ΢ʱҡҷһƬɫ˳
ԭϣһˣһ꣬һŮһպܰ
ް߰ףһϮŮм䣬ϴŴЦ⡣
ľֺˣŮˣԵúܿģԺֹϧֻꡣ
꣬ˡ˳ŮԴд۰ãȥƬɽðգҪϷ򡭡̾˿е۰ŨŮ꣺Ժɱˣ̫Σա
šŮͷֵʵģȡ뱦ҩĹͣʱֻһ걦ҩʱ綼˵Ҫøǣ
֪֪ˣ⻰㶼˵ʮˡ
˴Ц
ԱߣԵЩţ΢Ц֮ǰħֵ֪֣ǲ뵽Ƕʱֵʢ޵ȻѾǰʢңҲѹħʱһδν⿪׾ִƣԭƿ
⻰Ůͷ漴ԵЩ뵽е£׵ţڣѰң̫ˣ׵ѾˣںѰҲû٣̫ˣ˵ţŮҡν˵ֱۣ棬γɢָȥ۸Щˣ
˲ɵݸʹеǰ㣬Ǹˣȷʵܲ⿴ȥǵСƺЩĶˡ
䣡
ʱǰо˵Ӱ׷һһޣϻӽһһʱʱⴴ
һ̧ͷȥʱ䣬Ůɫ
ָ磡
֣
˶Ƕݡ
źԣ½ȾѪɫһƬ԰סźһ·ӣ׻ʳ벽ǿǿ׷׷вնɱĽͺԶ˲ˣüβ㱻˺ɱ
ʱЩϤɵ̧ͷȥʱҲһ磬С𣿡


642 
в죬û뵽ȻطС𣬵ħʱʶ÷ǳкøУ¶ţƽͣСȻЩƤȴǺ𾴣һһָ磬ͦϲ
ﬣ
һնգɫ
˸ٺƳȥʮԶˣһһ޻𵴡
λõѣһѪˮС
һĻСǱɫ
ʲô
СŭʱѪ˲٣ĲС
׻ʳ벽ǿǰļʱһ㶣漴ǶݣĻӣһ̣˼ԱߵĽʱʱɫֱ䣺Ĵ棿ʱ˶ȫͣ
ԶںԵļϣȻ׻ʳ벽ǿߵĻСʱ¶Щɫħʱ;úܲһ㣬ʼմһӹŲݣ뵽ǣ˵ݻôˣȻʳĻӺ͹
ļԱߣ죬Ŀ׻ʳ벽ǿϣǣΪ׷ɱˣ˵ĻǳƽȴǴһϣ־þλ߲еƣ׻ʳ벽ǿ߶һ
ɱʧʮڣľŻϺһͨˣ
һ˵
⻰С΢΢һ
˱ҡͷ
ᣡ
򵥣졣
СǺֱӣ˵ָɱʧٵڣǵľŻϺЩеͨɾˣҲһЩ˵ĴָǺˣɱ˵ģħʱһЩʶ˶ȣһ뱦ҩʱԸֱøǣѰһ龧ʱеˣһ龧ôܻԵ޹ʵɱˣ
ĻСĳƺ׻ʳ˶ʱǱһЩɫʳĹȻƺΪָ磬⣬Ȼ˵Ĺϵǳܡ
ƶĿ⣬ϣƽ͵ЦСѣܽһ𣿡
ԴӳԾлعļöľΣЩжʱ򣬽ҲǺܺͰֺøУҲû򵥽׻ʳ˵ºĵڷ¼˵һ
ı΢΢һ
СǺŭ׻ʳ벽ǿߣ̫ˣôô޳ܣ
׻ʳ˶ɫ΢䣬һ˵˵ѣĵڼĳرʱ̰ǿ˲ԹɱڣľŻϺеˣǸӵĶħ
ŭ졣
ɨˣĿϣŵЦСѣ˲㡣˺Ҳôܻῴ˭˵滰˭˵Ǽٻ
һ£漴׽ߵ˼
лǰ
ԾºԵļǿСЩƣſļͷһ·ӵڣķ̫Ҳ˲ˣѪ˲١
һ߾׻ʳˣһƶŲ
ļǿ첽ӭȥ
ָ磬ô
С
û£һСˡ
һЦ
СѪϴŲٽۣԵú
׻ʳ˶ݣһˣ΢΢ʩһ񣬵Ĵ棬ȷʵɱڣľŻϺһˣҵܻ֮ץлĴ治ҪΪѣǴ
˵΢ЦֻļǸȫ˵Ļ
СȴǸˣǶ𱨣ָ˵ôأڻߣ˵ţСˣ棬ҪŹǣ̫ˣ
СĻ׻ʳ˶ʱɫٱ䡣
ݸһЦƫͷ׻ʳˡ
ʹ׻ʳ˺ݺһԷƺҪǡ
Ĵ棬微ˮˮֻ׷ɱͺŻϵ˵֣ûһϵ㲻ֶܳԸǡ
һ˵
ôȷûһϵˣλСϷŮϵĪ棬ǰȹ֮һ뱦ҩʹϷ⽫֮ܶ꣬˵ʳûйϵ
ʲô
׻ʳɫ䣬ȻĴһ뱦ҩ뱦ҩ꣬Ǻ䣬мҲ򲻵ı
һʱ䣬˸󾪡
һһǿԼ򶨣ˣҲܶ
ˣ
ֱ֣Ӷˣ̽գ׻ʳȫ¡
ס֣㲻
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
̽Ĵ΢΢һ𣬵ķ飬ΨѪƮڿС
Զ΢΢һߺǿŴΪпǴڰ벽澳
ߣ
С׻ʳķ򣬺һ
ƫͷ˹
ǰһ΢΢񣺡лǰ
С̫ˡԶ֣Ц˵ССħȳϷҲС㿶ó뱦ҩǵԪܶ࿴ɽӣܲСһ񡣡
ǰˡ

ЦŰڰ֣˵ҲɺϣϷڷʳ뱦ҩ󣬾ָ۷壬źСߣղҲ̸йСѵһЩ£Сһȥ㣬ȴǲ룬תۼˣʵǺԵ
ǣԵ
С𸽺͡
ѵõȡЦС㼤ˡ
Сĥһš
Ҳǲɵ΢΢һЦͦ˼ǺͰͰ
Ѿһʱˣ׼塣ʱ򿪿ڣЦ죬СѣȥΣ
ǰָ磬ȥҼɣҼͦģ
С
ҲǿڣЦ֣ȥɣϴһͦġ
ԭһЩȥ˸ովǰ֮ͣļҲԣȻǲþֻܾôӦ
̫ˣ
СǸˡ
һЦͻȥɣγѰùһλѵõջ񡣡
⻰쵹Щ˼
£ŲԭһУ߱ģҲûշС
ˣܿչȥ
һ죬һƬɽǰȥƬɽݺᣬͬһ㣬ޱȴƮڿС̧ͷӣɽλãһ޴ɵʣһֲɣϣҲżϡ
ʳ
΢ƣܾˡ


643 Ƕ
ǰĳȺɽ࣬ͬһͷͷڴϣ໥ʹ쵱ЩȣطƵһƣ̽ѰҲ֪Ƭصٽ֯ʮʤ
СѣоΣ
Ц
ͷȺɽ㣬ܣγĽȵأʹõµϢйܻʹطøټΪʩһЩطӡǲȵأ
ɫһݣ漴Цƿߣֻǿһ۾ܵƬȺɽ֣ʢ֮ʿ
Ҷ˵ˣָģħʲô׾ִƶѲָ磡
С
ݸԶԶԣָ
Сܸо˻еıʱ΢ȡЦң
˴ЦҲ˵ʲôƫͷ죺Сѣǽȥɡ
õǰ
ͷ
һ˲ɽȺܿǷɣϵɵͥǰмǿʿţΪǲѪܻǰʱ֣һɵ˵һƬ嫹Ĺųǣǵ͵һı׵۹ĻͥЩƣȻˣģԶԶһģصĲࡣ
ⷽųǣϷһصʯӡС֣֮ߣԾ֯ŵĵ̣ĵӡֵˣҲǴϵǿڣǿ
ⷽųżǿʿţΪѪȻʳˡŽ˵һˣȻõʲôʿ𾴣ԶԶľͳһʩ˴򿪷ŵĻͥš
ʱоиŨʮֵطǿ̫ˡ
ָ߰硣
Сϲ
ͷУǼһԻ͵ĵһֲ꣬⻹ʯ֮Ŀ֮ǷǷ
棡
ǰмӭȷǷͨɾǿߡһϽ۵Ϊڰ벽ΣһֻȻϡ
ס
纰
ЦͷųŽ΢΢ʩҲǺ档
ԱߣˣҲ֪ӦԾĻˡ
ƺӦĿ⣬죬ɻ󣺡λǣ
ЦλСѱ죬ħȳСǸˣҲǽ뱦ҩϷˡ
ԣʱһ
ͣ
ȷʵΪʳĵǵλߣʱȴûаӣл⡣ǰ첻ħȳãóһ뱦ҩһҪԪɿݵĴٻ꣬Ƶһڴ£ΪҲһ
ˡЦȥɡ
ΪʳֻͨнӴͲŻõĵط
Ȼ

ʱûйȥãŽ˵ϼǱⷽһְĵ̣ǳ񣬶ңоţӦûӡܼƣзԻôҲɱȣǳĲ򵥡
УСѻϵĿʦǲ٣ǸӦиػɣȻҪ֪ĴһЩֶһ߽׿ʦԸоĵСһ
Ȼ֪쿴ʲôЩȣͬʱƬŸִػҲûҲ㲻ʲôأûʲôıҪ
ǫѷֻЩѣѵǴš
С̫ǫˡЦ
ͷٽһ𣬽Ǻڶ棬δϸλ
ú裬һ㡣
Ƭ˺ǺܿͲаİУͼࡣ
СѣΪѾﵽվ죬ӦúܿҪͨԺͨɴǰСҪϷһϷȻѾϸ첲ȣСѶɹͨɴӦûǲ⡣Ϲº͵ЦֵСʣͨɾԶյ㣬ӦҪߵȥʱҪǵ֧һͨصĴʱΪСѿ
ԣ¶Щм֮ɫ
лǰͨɴ٣Ѿ׼Ͳ鷳ǰˡ˵ȷʵȥʱ򣬻ýǰһĴ󡣡
鷳鷳˰֣磬Ц֮ӦҲҪȥǿԽͬС
ͷ죬Цڴһȥ򡣡
Ҳǡ
Ц
ʵǿһʳĻӣΪȴǷǳºͣ˽ͬУȻһܲ¡
ҲҪһ𣡡
С𸽺͡
⻰ļ˶һ㶡
Сȱ𼱣
Ц
СʶΣվﵽܹǰȻʳʵ͵̣ڶʱ龧֮ͨ򣬵ǣʳȴôڱֱϵ͵Уһ顣ܹ򶥶ˣʳ˺ϸֱϵˣҪɺǿ
˵ȹȥ꣬⼸һǰȥԽԽˣҲԽԽˡ

˵ͷȷʵˣһһȷʵ˲پž֮һǰǶãƵ˽ܣ綼Ҫǿ
΢Ƕã綼ǿʺʵ׵Ȼټʢޣ֮ͬȵˣԲˣڣ˾ȻһǰжпܱʶҪǿǲ죬ǵмʢһá
Ϊһ֮·æ֪ңƬʢҲû֪Ƕá˵ǶãϷͨصĴ֣֪Ϸıչ֮ٽ󣬵ʱǶڽôͨأǡɱϷʵ˵ʱֻǿһۣϷЩסˣǶãǵѪֱֱȼŵ¯Ʒ
⡭
ʳЩȣ˷ǳǿȴǶá
Ʒ
ʢޣһã
ԱߣǵסˣŽ˵Ļһ˲뵽˰Ͱ΢Щ̲סˣʵǰǶãǷˡ򵥽Ͱòһ
Щ죺ȷʵˣСô֪ģ˵ţƺ뵽ʲôøǾ˼֣ѵǶСѣ


644 粽ͨ
оɫʹ֪ǽĳʳĴǰأ˵򣬿ʱŵǶõһЩ£Щ룬ͰõʳĴ
Ž˵ͷ˵ǰǶȷʵѣ֮ǰǰħѰ龧ҲΪǰ˵ټ
Ȼǡ˵ͷŴı仯У˱Ѿ˳ȹǲɵÿЦӦô˵أСѵѡ
СҲЩ죬֮ǰȻ֪ȥħΪѰ龧ĳЩ⣬ȴǲ֪ʲôԭѰʧɢѣλѣȻǽһĴȥء
֣ǵԵ
Ц
Цŵͷô˵ȷʵͦԵ
£̹һЩ£ϧǣ֪ޣֻżȻˣ˵Ĳδ
Դˣ쵹ҲûʧϾڰõ£Ѿ֪˲١
һ죬˺㣬һֱĵʱ֣漴ʢҲѾ׼׵ﶼ˳˶쾴ơֱ֮ҹٽ緽ǽ죬Ϊ׼ס

ͬһ죬׻ʳһ
ˣôģ
һĻŭ
õŻϴźǲ벽ǿߣ׷벽ǿȴȫֻеʮͨɾʿȻط
⣬ҵȣ֪
˲
Ǹӣ֮ǰȥ׷ʮͨʿǿˡǰ벽ǿ׷׷ɱ죬ʮȫ˦δѰˣҲǻص׻ʳʱǵ֪ϨԤʾѾֻǣȴ治֪ġ
֪
׻ۣΪһӣ˿űŭɭɭɱ⡣
׻ʳʢޣʧʮغѰһСʿУͬеĴŻϺһͨʿҲǲ벽ǿߺʮͨʿǰĵΧ죬Ǵ׷䱦ȴֻʮͨʿطΪ벽ǿߣȫˣ
һϥڴУдŻ֣̿΢΢Щ
ˣһɳƵ𣬴󴫳һϵȴԵúɭҲǴŭ𣬵ͺȵף죬ץ

ͬһʱ䣬Ѱҡ
ЩѰÿÿŭ֮һ죬Ϊˡ
С

ڰ
һŭӿɱƺҪһС
ǰһڵĽ䰲ĻϨ֪˽䰲ȴǲ֪䰲ģϾ֮ǰ䰲Ǳ׻ʳȥĵ߾ˡдǰ׻ʳѯʣ֪캦˽䰲

ңһ۾Ѫ졣
䰲Ѱһԣǽǿ֮ˣʢ޵޵ΪѰʦ˵ǴѰҵ棬񣬽䰲ǵѰʦǱĵڣǺεȵʧҽ
ɱɱ㲻ҪҲһҪɱ
һ

ʱķǳ죬һսһչȥ
תۼ䣬ʳѾա
ʱʱЩʲôУ̸ʱ˺ܿԼһϵľ龡ѣû˿ʹǳмͬʱļǴʳ˸飬һ˸ʶ
һ죬εɫգøǸ뿪ʱˣȥͻͨɾ磡
ôҪ߰
СЩᡣ
ҲһЩʱ䡣
ЩҪȥлᣬһš
Ǹ
ʱֶǳѾʳϾգˡ
Ҫȥȥǿ
ļûȥѾҲͲٶ˵ʲô
ֱΪ꣬⣬Ƭʢޣʱ΢ЦСѵԸӦᾲűѹȣ岻㣬ǻˣĳЩԵ鱨ȣϷǿṩġ
˵ţüһû뵽üġ
һ㶣漴΢
һ̣ʶжٶ󲿷ǹ׻ʳģ׻ʳһЩξݵڣ׻ʳĳЩܳź͸߲Ϣڣл˹ѰҺڵ£Ƿǳϸ
Щǰ

׻ʳ˸Щżô
ҡͷЦӦõġ
ͷٴεл
һ죬˺ļãڼ˵ʳͥ⣬ٴСͷʾ⣬漴i뿪ֱ߳ʳڵɽ󣬷ڿն𣬳Զȥܿʧʾͷ
ͥ⣬еâ˸Եͷ첻ͥڿգͽ߳ͥɽ󣬷ԶȥƷǳ򵥣ȴԳϸҲʳء
磬СˣҪύ
˵
ͷ棬ףֺʺѡ

һۣչȥ
뿪ϼʳԵúСĺܽܿʿеĵطһЩƫԶɽֶУúһƬɫɽǰ
ɽ䣡
ˣѰ󣬺ﵹԵ

ͷ΢΢̧ͷ­ͫеĹ⽻֯ɽȥ
뿪񣬿ػ˹
Ҷ㣬ﶼзǷ塣
Ц
ɽú뵽ɽС
һɽĿ죬һʱȴúС
ò˵ָоܹŹ֡
ȥƬӿ
ʺԡ
Զ˶٣Ǹһۣҡҡͷûʲôȥˡ
ðɡ
Ц
һƬɫɽۣһվǴʱ
ʱֻǵվţŵӿȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ԼҲˣһŵرУ˫ּâ˸ӡɱһЩ
ԺҪط龧ͻͨɾһͨͨɴ̾ͻѹ£ڣʼΪɽ׼ҪƬɽӡɱͬʱҲӡһЩֻҪǶԶɽаƣûа㱣һһӡ£ֱȥһʱ䣬ͣ
ˡ

һµʱ䣬ԵƬɽﲼ޾ƣӡʮɱһһЩ
Ƭɽ׼ĨɱǿߣԺͨɴ٣ǰ
ʵϣ֮˵ʳɽ٣ǵԼڶɽʱ¶һЩ˿Ȼ׼ʼֻ˺ΪǷ켫˲ܿĳһЩܲʲô¡ͬʱŽ˺ļõΪˣǣܹ¶һЩߣȻǲ¶á
һѰһƬƽ̹ϥ£ּȡƬ龧
ʱŨûܣʹë׶ɵչ˿
ʼ
һƾâ


645 龪
龧һƬƬߣһ̣˵龧УŨϣ˵̹һҪĳ嶯
һļתʱһâ֯
ˣ
ߣ龧ɢĹâʱóͬ貵ǹԾš
ޣʶȫڣǣٽ뵽Ԫ֮УĴԪĥԪڵʡ
һʱ䣬â֯ܣڵԪøӵĳҡ
˫ַ˫ϥϣļתٶȱø졣
ʱߵ龧ڵͬһӰ㳯ӿȥ
վ죬Ϊȡ龧龧ڵٶȱȻ졣һʱ䣬ŨϢ֯С
Զߣ漴ܣԵúܾ裬Ϊ커
ʱһţת۱һʱȥ
ʱ⽻֯һƵâϢǿ࣬ﵽվжΣ߶龧ѾǱķѵһɶ
ʹü龧Ȼֻﵽվжζѣ
ô㣬ͨɾҪķ龧

ôһ룬ʱЩԣʾȻô龧һˣһ龧ƾֱܹӴ徳ﵽͨɾȴȻҪķô࣡
һתļһٹȥ󣬲ƽ
һ룬ڵõʮ龧Ӧ㹻ͨɾΡ

ҧ
һӣҵ龧ȡͬһСɽԡ
ʱ纣ĳӿ
һ˲䣬оë׶չ˿ÿһļΪ֮һƵ龧˳ÿһë׽뵽ڣԪУѪС
ˣ
ûд⣬ļתĸӿ٣ǣԪ
ʶȫڣԼڵԪű仯仯ܻԪ·һˮʱ򣬺ˮԽԽ峺
תۣʱȥ
ʱʱϢһƵѾﵽ˾۷塣
ʱ龧Ѿֻʣһ

˸âȴǳڣǣڵͣĽ뵽ԪУڵԪԪڵÿһĨ΢Сʶʼȼ
ʶȥڵԪɳɫ˿̾ҵԾ𶯣һƬһˡ󣬽ģоϤԪʼ䵭ڻʧһϢȴȻϢԪǿԪŨ
ԶƫͷͫлһĨâ
ΪǿܹĸоڵԪڽʧȻȴûʧʧԪʼһתǡ
ȻȻ죬оĸ
ˣ
ЩϲڣԪĲѾʧ˴룬ĲԽԽŨ
ҧٴǿʹļתĸӿ١
ˣ
ʱ䣬ʣµһ龧âøӳң·ȼ˰㣬һӣؿλֱӹ뵽ڡâţ·һع룬ֹε۾ۡ
漴ϵϢʼɿ쳯ԪĲҲǱԽԽ΢
һ

ʮ
Сӡ
ʱ
תۣ״̬˴ʱ
ʱһһɴӿһ쫷硣
˫ۣ貾âһš
һ̣ڵԪʧˣŵȻɳɫȴǰøŨһЩ쿪֣һɫâԾָ䣬ɢԶԪŨϢɢԶԪǿĲ
ǣҵ

ȡ龧ĸɾˣһ̣Ԫȫת
ͬʱΪվأǣ뵽ͨ
оϲͨɾڿˣ
ˣ
ʱ͵𶯣ͬһıȻ졣
춯ϵ£ޱŨƻ۶˲һƬڡ
ܼ罻֯Ƽ䣬Ƶĺ𶯣ͬһλϵ鷢̾ϢѹֵϢ˲ɽÿһ䡣һ̣ɽ·˵һɢҴʯͻأлζ漴͵ı顣
񷣬֪ѹ£ʱȴ̲ס
̧ͷŲ񷣬һ̣޾ϣܼƸǶһ޴дһͷͷִÿһͷˮͰҪ׳
⡭
ë
һ̣оޱ̺Ŀֲݿ࣬·׻ƺһƬ콫ҪѹںڵƣǱ鲼գǾ޴Уֻãз·һ˫ͫףĶ궼Ų·һ˲Ҫ顣
ԶһȻڰ벽Σ˿Ҳ¶Ȼ֮ɫۼ׶
䣡
һ鿪ʮռøӺڰֲָ
ңʱ򣬲ɽ䣬ȻǸҲȫúڰ
һ˲䣬ټĳǳʿһǱɫ
һ̣˶оѹֵĲ˶о˷Ĳһɷ·ܻһеϢ֯ڿУƻ齫Ҫ١
⡭ʲô
죬ٵϢ
˭ڶͨɴ٣ѵڳɽ٣
ڳɽ٣˭ô𣿣
ɡɣͨɴ٣ô𣿣
ļ¡
ͬʱգ漴ԶգĿͣɽϿա
ȥʱɽϿնһ޴ɫУ·ǵŻ㣬ҪǾ޴ĺɫУһѪɫ罻֯һͷͷɱƣĲ·ܹۿһһĳܱӡ
ڣڡ
ɽͨɴ٣
ɡǣͨɴ٣ôôֲܲŶԣŶ԰
ȺȻ
żмأʿֻڿͨԪתʱŻ١ͬʱͨٵżҲһΧԽߣͨԽǿֻǣֲͬ٣żȴδᵽ
ʷϼعĳλŴͨɴ٣أɡɣƺҲûô°⡭
˾֡
˭
˶𾪡
ǿͨɢڿն뿴˭ɽɽ٣ȻŸոʮɸߣʱݲһεĴѹ¡һڵ棬ֱӿȳһѪϢ˥룬ǰֻſ֮š
һĻܵ˸֡
Ʊ鲼񷣬Ȼѹ顣
ڤڤеǧǣǲʱԾգ
ǵ˭ͨ٣ȻȻȹŴ𻹿£
⡭
Ĳ
䣡
𶯣Ѫɫ罻֯ϢһƵĳŴû
ɽУһ̣ļȫ亹մʪ
ԭԼķһĶɽ׼žԵţȻһ̣Ķҡˡ
ⳡ٣ԶԤϵҪֲ
ԣߣ뿪
ͳ


646 س
٣쾡Ѿϵͨɴٻǳ£ȴҲû뵽µ˵زԶԶԤϣɵ΢΢һ
£԰ﲻκæʹüΣ
Եͺ𣬾ܾ㤣ȴԸ뿪ֵⳡͨɴ١
ллȴûиı䣺ߣ뿪£𲻵κã
䣡
̶ȥϵѪɫøӵĿˡ
ߣͳ⣬ҪգǵãضУ
٣ָоʱ򣬵ڸգѡ
ߣ
ǵ
ͫ˸ѡ뿪ŵ泯ɽȥȻǰ벽ڣȴ֪Ļûаⳡٶԣ̫Сˣ𲻵κáңɽӡʮɱ󣬿ɱǿߣ£˿Ӱ졣
ŵУֱɽķΧʱͣңңɽڡ
ɽУѾ뿪һѡ
ڵϣоâ˸ͷ񷡣
䣡
ڵƷѪɫ罻֯Ƶ𣬴̵˶Ĥۡ
ȥϣ޴нɽ䶼ˣͬһͷſѪڣҪһжûͬǴ˵еĵŻ˰㣬Ҫȫɽȥֻǿһ۾̲ס
ͷһĻȴûаηͻ̿֡
෴еľâԽӵ
ɣ
ͺȵ
ϣ𶯣һ
һ̣֪ˣڤڤеĴܵƣֱһɫͻأѹ£ƺƵĴ
̧ͷȻ޾塣
ⳡȷʵԤϣǣһ֮ȴ⡣
Ȳڵһ𣬶ʱ䣬Ƭɫɱӽŵ׵ĵ³𣬴˷ŲӭȥһѪɫ֮ըڰС
ƬɫɱҲķѣڹƮɢ

Ų񷣬財
棬ܼδ󽣴ӵص׳뻷ߣ϶
Щ󽣣ɽµնɱͨ۷ǿߡ
ϣ죬ƺԵüΪŭ
䣡
ƷѪɫ罻֯һƵ˸Ծڶֱ
ȵһףڶɿ֮ձɽ䶼Żζ
罣ϣܼδϲ񷡣
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫գڶѪɫ类ն飬תۼʧڲϿա
ɽ⣬Բû̫Զ˿һܿɽڣɵĵף÷
ˣ
ʱƵĺٴ
͵һԶԶ̧ͷ񷣬ʱɫֹסĲ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽڣһڸоѹвС
ȥ֮ϣԳټһֱɵĺɫףŻʼһ֣ܱߵձǲѿЩѿУɫĿռȥȻûеȵЩռ׳ֱӱ׵УɢΡ
£
ˣ
Ψһõʡ
䣡
һ
ͻأһ޴ĿռȫΪɫ׵¡ռֱӱѹˣɫͬһͷֲޣֱӴ͸Ƭռ䡣
β˿⣬һֱӽһʱ䣬޾˸ܼĴɽ³ϰͷÿһͷʮңƵĪ볯Ųϵɫӭȥ
Ѫɫ׺ͽٴײܱߵĿռ羡ϣҲһһ顣
ȣ
һеӿѪһɾҵʹУҪһ㡣һ̣ײû£ֻǺʮײȴҲ͸󽫻֮ѹ˲ĴˣѪɢ١
ʹק˫ȭԡšΪŵ׶ѣȴȻѾˣͬʱֵˣ
飡
ͺȵ
ŵ˸ȻƣȴҲһ̹âţһֿµٶȳȡɽµʹóĴøǿһʱ䣬ʮͷͬʵХٲϵѪɫף֮顣
ȴҲٴοѪֻо·Ҫˡ
΢ҧֻǵ׶ѣϣȴһˣһɷǳĸо
䣡
ʱ쳹ķûи㻺ʱ䣬ĵ
ͬһͷŭĵٵ֮ʮȫѿһɶµٶȿƺȴ˲ͷݺȥ
ɫ䣬߶ޣ޾ƽ֯ķռÿһȫǡͬʱܼĴ𣬽С
һ˲ѣĵ׺ײһ

ôϴ
ܼ̱飬ĵ׳ҰУ࣬ȴɿֲףͬǻִ̧һͷƤˡ
ɿ춯ʯǰͬʱ磬̫ǿµ塣
Щһ˲䣬ĵѹ£貹âû˷

תۼ䣬һ촫ʯֱ鿪
漴磬̫һһѹ飬Ψǿ»֧ţҲ͵һ鿪
ױȴͻϡ
һɣݺײڲԶһʯϣֱһѪˮ
ˣȾѪЩطļýһƬѪģش
Ŵʯ£вӿѪ˵ľʹֻоͷϵˣƺҪɢ˰㡣

ҧ
ֻǵĵףȻͱ󣬻ٵһƷƿ˵أףһһ£һһֲʹеĲøŨ·׹ĺڰС
ˣ
޴Ĳдķ
ɾþòͬеһϹս衣ƣѹ֣Ҳһ
䣡
ڣ
Ӧò˵һˣһƬһƬãã
һ̣ɫ罻֯һ޴ĹڣͬҪʢް㣬ֱ֮ˣըͬһʱ䣬ɽٴζ·ܵ˾޴ѹȣһ³ܼѺ۸֣ͬ㳯ӡ


647 ֮
һֲֿĳҲһֿµƣѪɫ۳ɹǰδĲֻ궼Ϊ֮·һ˲˾ı֮С
ӿѪŲ񷡣

ҧͺȡ
˵һʮϣһ
ʱ䣬Ƭҡضһɻǣֱ۰ϸɱ𣬾һɲ쫷磬ʹضû谵һ˲䣬Ѳ뷢âεɱض·ҡ
Եףûбֱӽ֮ǰӡµʮɱȫ

ֽͬһ㣬ôֻգۼѣǱ˴Ƭ
ͬһʱ䣬˫ֽӡŵ˸ǣɽµע뵽ʮɱУʹɱ֯ɱøǿʢͬһɱħ㻷ܣϵĽХʮռһѣɱ⺧š
ն
һն³ܼʱ𣬳ŲӿȥѪɫײϡ
໥֣ǴĻϢͬ޴ĺײһ
ˣ
һŤ浱ݡ
ϣڵĴбø·һ׵ĵŻһ̣ܼѪɫ罻֯ʹѹµĵ˲ÿֲ
ݺһˣѪˮסĴӿӿ
ҧأ˫ֿٻһתʹɱøǿ
һʱ䣬ɱųɱӿֲÿһɱⶼͬһʥ
ѪɫԶеĻҪ£ֻһƬɱ⡣
ȣ
ٴοѪѪ٣ĺ
ȴӼᶨһתٶȱøӿ졣
ʱʮɱĹâͬʱҵ㣬׺Ѫɫը鿪
䣡
̼䣬񱩵쫷ϯһƬƬ̮
һײɣԶԶڵϣŵرгȥʮԶͣڱǶѪˮ˫ĿʹǳҰűģ

ҧѵ֧վ
ѾԼͨɴԤ㹻ֲķһʱӡʮɱɽµǿɽ٣ΪɵĶɹͨɴ٣ϾӡµЩֶΣɽµǿ߶նɱһͨɴ٣ӦôʲôŶԡڣȫһֻǵ׶ѣͽС
ڴϢ˫˫ȽЩ
ˣ
ϣٴը
ûи㻺ʱ䣬Ѿ¡һƬ꣬ԲɵĿռȫУһ˲ǽնɸӣˡ
æʮɱȻдɱķ顣
һ£ûķ̮Ĵسݡ
һٴκɣѪˮȾȫ
ǱҵڵϣļˣƤԿѪеɭɭ׹ǣһƽڵƮһɺѪˮһ׶ĵʹֻǣ첻ԥǿžʹվ
ʱԥʱ䣿
Ϊʹվȴģֻ
ӿѪŵӣ˫ָ˸žҵʹӡ֮ǰӡµһЩҲ򿪣ͬʱüĹâʢʶ𣬴Ƭĺڰɫɳ۳һƬĺս㽫֮ػС
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ϣһסĺһû˲䡣
ˣʱ֯ϢѾȵ׿ֲһ࣬ɽĺԲĸԶڵһʿ֡
˭˭˭˭ڶɽ٣ôô£ôᣡ
ôˣ

Ⱥ㤡
ʱУֻܿɽϿڵƣֻܿѪɫ磬ֻܸоϢһŲ֪˭ڶɽ٣ȴȴͽٵ⣬ʲôӦ
Уǿ̽ȥɨӣȴ˲䱻һεɣͬʼԾյͨɾɢް㣬ֱӶûվ
أϡѣѺۡ
ָǰ
ѭȥֻţһѷͬ֩ɽ
ЩѷȻ̫ȴڻķɢѾҪٽǡ
⡭
һĻһľ
ǾɽȻԶȴҲԲŵɽڶɽ٣ҲӰ쵽ŶԣڣǣƺϾҪˣѾѷڳ߿аӾҪ롣
ˣ
𣬺Ƶʮ
Уܼʿһɫѩס
ͬһʱ䣬ɽڣǼֻоһֻס˰㡣̧ͷȥߵ¶ֻһȴͬһḥ̂ٶȺ֮ȴһڶԻš
ĥ̿ƺȴǷпռ䣬ǽסˡ
漴һ̣˵һ
ߵ׻£ڰ˵ѾԻһƬÿһֱоŴңĿĹâԭĺڰȻȴԲһ£Щܼĥһѹ䣬֮һȫ١
һ˲䣬ɽĵٴΰݣ³˽硣
ֹסĲΪ־壬ıķӦ
ߵ׺͵ڰ˵ףȻһѹ

ɫѿ㣬ⴿǲ
Ų񷣬ҧ
Ҳ
˫붯žʹӡӭϣʣµɱӭϣӡµķҲһͬʱһƷʹ֮Ų
ڻٵ׵ʱãΪһ汦ܣӡиӡǡ
䣡
תۣߵ׺͵ڰ˵¡
̣ĹâûһС
̳ձ飬ƬڣʲôҲˣ̶ֻ
֪˶ãɳɢ¶һƬ֮
ɽ䱻һ޴ӣֱʮɣɣײڣϢ͹ȣ·Ƿеһ΢С磬ߵյ㡣
вӿѪȫ£еƤȫƿˣѪģܿһƬƬɭɭ׹ǣЩطܹĸ࣬ĿģͷƤ顣
ˣ
ϣ𶯣žͣиֲĻϢƵ
ɽ⣬Եͺվûסת۳嵽ɽڣԡ죬ԴԴϵĳӿȥͫס˸ʶǵһμҵģѾû˰Σ
ӵײͬһν̿Ѫˮͽȫճһ
ȥ
ſڣ˫ѾʲôѪˮ˳ǲͣӿ


648 ͼ
ڣֻ˫ۻܿļطȫˣҲ̶áӵײһ˿ûˣֻһڵš
ԻԴԴӿڣںתȴǱˮн
ȥߡ
ɳƵ
ó棬ҰģֻплӿѪ
еڣľ綼úڰԱۡ
𣡡
ͫ죬ûаҪ뿪Ĵ㡣
ӿѪ΢΢ߡ
Եͺӳңͬһĺ󣬽
ͫ죬ֻҡͷ
˵棬ϣʳ죬ǸʱɱȴǷŹնʱԾԼ죬ǵ飬ѾˡѣԸȥԸ岻ˡⲻΪ죬ҲΪԼΪԼϣ
ˣ
ͻȻһŵƬա
ɽϿգӿǷ޴ɫоǺ¡¡ӿ
һʱ䣬Ѫɫ𶯣·Ҫ̮ˣһɫľ޴Ѻۡ
ˣ
һɽΪģԲĿռȫ
һ̣һѹֵϢʼʹʢ޵鶼ļ£ȻʳĳڶǱɫĪļ¸С
ʲô
Ϣô£
⡭⡭
ʱǿɽȴҲǸ̿
ˣܸоϢѹ£δ֪ٵ
ͬһʱ䣬ħһ˫ɫͫɽķĶɽϿյǷ޴У顣
ߣ
գΨһڿУħΪ֮

ˣ
ɽϿգϣص
һصĲѹ£˷ӣһ޴ѷŵرɽӶվ쵽ڣ̼ʹò¥̮
⡭
ˣ
죬죬죬죬ߣ
˶¡
ʱ򣬼һĻ˵ˣûаѪɫֻ̺ˡ
ˣ
һ̣ɽ䲻סĻζһĳ·ݡ
ӵײΪԵǿָһЩٴζԺԵߣ
ھŵ׻䣬ǣѹµǵȻϢܹоһ׵жôֲǰ벽ĺԿԵֵˡ
ظߣ졭
ˣ
һ𣬲ϣɫУѪɫ罻֯дƬ¡
˵Ĳѹɽٴ
𣡡
ɷӿ
ԶŲХŴʮɣۼڣǰſƬڹ⣬׹µѪɫȥ
ڹǿܾˡ
ϧѪɫԣȴ̫
ͣ
һ죬ɷڹֱӱ飬Ѫɫ£ȵںϡ
۵һʱ䣬ƬѪըѪա
Կ˲鲼ѺۣסĻζȴɵǰ
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ѫɫһͣ¡
ԿХڹɷ⣬ǰѪɫ磬ֻǣվޣڹɷһδα飬Ѫɫ磬һδϡһʱ䣬ʺѪһƬƬըϵѺһ࣬תۼ䣬ѪȾ塣
ӵײһƬƬѪͫײס졭ߡ
ԺԵεס٣
ң⻹ĵھŵףֻǵھŵǰɢҽٹ⡣
𣡡
Ӧû˿Ҫ뿪Ĵ㣬׹
䣡
ϣ񶯣¡
ԲסĲѪɫһδϣըһĿѪˮֻǣȴĺǰΪ쵲һ׹Ľٹ⣬ֱʮȥһƬѪɫһ֮ɣȥʮԶ
ϧȴҲˣֻѪˮȾ壬Ϣñ컹Ҫ
ӵײѵƶĿ⣬׹ȥķ򣬽ưܵ嵱ݺһҰУԻѺۣۼ˴룬Ѫ⽹ڵĳ̶ȱҪأɭɭ׹¶вѪѾǴıԵ
һĻԶơ
ʳֻǾöԷһ˿ѪɱϧԷŹԷȴ룬֮ɽɱڵʱֱӳ뿪ڽ䰲ԷջʱɸߣնȥڻԵǰ֪⣬ȴԼΪһ·ĳǽ˽֣ñҡ
Կ뿪ģ
ˣ
죬һƬѪɫ䣬ֻǵھŵǰɢҽٹ⡣
춢Ѫɫؿھһŭͺ纣˰ӿϡ

ŭǻ֮⡣
ˣ
̼䣬丹һ貵ͼԾʥĹâ
͵һ죬ͼ𶯣Ѫɫ飬һѪâɢ
дźϢǿžҵʹһĵ棬ڶ
Ķ
һץסǰͼֱӳŲϵͶȥ
ͼһʥâ˲Ϣûڡ
һ˲䣬Ǿ޴ɫ͵һһѺ۸ֶ
ƶĿ⣬ԶĺϣǿʹһȥѪˮߣȾѪһӣʱ䣬ҵ龧ɳΧƣŨ龧ܣԴ˻Եơ
ˣ
죬Ϊ̶ɽĸӷ񣬵һĳݡ
һ̣رøӺڰϣǷ޴дһѺۣһ̣һͷѪɫг˳һͷзǰ޴š
һ˲䣬ĲƵɽ䡣
ھŵףԻ



ƬƬ̮شݣʢޣ޾뾪У̿Ѱ
ھŵףһͷѪɫܻһУ
춢Ų񷣬ͷ׿罣Ƶ
̧ȾѪ˫֣ѱٶȽӡڷ趯ħ
ˣ
â貣һͼ𣬽֯ʥͺ嫣ͬһƬǿա
ֻͼ
ɱ
𣬱ͼȻӭϲ񷡣
Ϊֻ壬ǣԼȴƿأͬʶеǱ񽣰㣬ƽռֻͼγ֣ҲԼ־ֻͼԻ񣬲һˣԼˣֻΪܷŭ
ŭʱ£
ŭ޼һ˵Ǳܣ
䣡
ֻͼâ貣󣬵ܿͿʼͣתۼ仯һֱʮɴСĹͼƺƵĳŲӭϣʥҵĹâ̼ķ
һ˲䣬׵ĻƺˣԶڵʿǶݡ
Ⱥ񷣬ʱһ
һŹͼƵϣʥϣ嫣ɿ졣
ǡǡ
˶¡


649 ɱ
ͼƵʩʩȻתɢһ貵Ĺâʥ嫣ϣмһĻʿľ
⡭
˽Ĳ
ͼ̫Ƿˣڿֲ£Ҳǰҫۣͷ·Ǻڰеһƻ⣬һ۾ܷĴڡ
ȺһĻʱȴ׷ƬǵĿӰ졣

ˣ
쳹ޱȴ̶ƺҪ˵ĶĤ飬ƺҪﶼһ̣һͷѪɫǾ޴̽ͷзǰ޴һ˫ѪɫһƬݺƵϲֻͼײһ
ʱ䣬һĿĵ绡֯˸Ҳ֪ٵ˸ա
ȣ
Ѫڣ¡
ɽٵ£ѾǱ˲٣˿̣һ޴ӵײͷգ˫ָӷɿĽӡԱԴ֮߶ֻͼʹͼøӹø貣һʱƵǿ
ˣ
Կõͼø޴ˣԶԶȥƺнɽӣƺǧ֣·޾ǳ˸λõ˼㡣Ƿ޴̽Ѫɫȫ֣ͬһŹ㸲ȥ
һʱ䣬߾ײʹÿռ͵죬һ顣
ٴοѪ
׿һ̣ڵڷ趯ĸӿҡ
ΪֻֻͼͿԵסھŵףǲܵ¡һ̣˫֣ٴѱٶٴνӡӡͨɫͼͷ
ʩչ磬̫ǿ£ĴɽӣȪʥҶݺѪɫѷһһʩչͬһػԱߣâ
⣬ûꡣ
ŵ˸ȲڵϺݺһ̤̼䣬ܼƽֱ֯ӽɽµǣһڹ󽣳ͬʱһӣһҵ龧Լߣӿڡ

ͺ
üĹâţľʹѪȾȫȴһҲںʶһʱ䣬ܼĺڰɫ໥һ𣬻һڰɫ󽣣ͬʵĽ죬
ֻͼ
ӡ
ʮ
ɱ
龧
ʶ
һ̣콫Լܹչֳֶȫ龧壬ΪԴȪֻͼ볯Ųӭȥһǿֲ˵Ѫɫ
һִƣɽµ߶һֶΣҪǿһû˿ȫӳȫǿϻ
ˣ
ϣһ𣬵ըһƬա
ƺӦķֵڤڤеĴŭˣѪɫѹ£Ϣ˲Ϣ糱ˮӿϣɽȫǣͬӴ
ʱ䣬ռ飬سݣ



һһ磬̫һһըӡըʶ飬ɽµ۶ڹɱ飬龧ֻ֧ͼ֧Ҳǿһ顣
ѪɫҲ˵͹ȡ
䣡
ѹ£̼ٹƵɽȫû
һ޴ĢƳ𣬹ڣ罻֯ʮе绡ž졣
̳ɢȥʱɽķѣĲӣԭɫظǱһƬڣͬǱһչһ㣬һƬ档ڵϣѪ⽹ڣѪˮճطĹͷ¶Ѿû˰Ρ
ϻϢǣϢȴǷǳ鵭ͬһϾҪȼյ׵ʱȻûκνٹٵ磬Ȼƽ˾ǣʱƣٹӣҲɻ
ҲʱڲϵĽ糱ˮȥڰʧֹ
ˣ
һ߲ɫϢ۶âʥͣƽ֯޾֮Ϣ˲ϢС
ʱ콹Ʋ΢΢һ߲ʹâ壬һƵĽУǻһ뽫С
ž
ž
ž
촫һۿɼٶȿʼָѪ䣬µѪͬӤļۣһƵĵâ֯ͬһʱ䣬Ľںڵͷ⣬߲ʹ⻪֮£תۼָ
ܿ죬ȥ
еݺһ˫ͬӵ֮ڿ㣬һʱſڴϢ
̧ͷŲϣ޴ѾʧزٺڰһƬ߲Ʈͷϵգһ漴¶ϲվʱɹһ٣Ȼ֪Ƭ߲ζʲôζţɹɹͨɴ١
ɹˣ
кХק˫ȭ
һ̣ƽ鿴Լ״æƫͷһߡ
ԶڵϣѾʣ֮ǰҵ龧ȹƣЧȴܻټ֮ԴٷΧڣڵֵھŵʱ뿪˺һξ룬ɺЩӰ죬Ƹ˼֡
ûаԥֱǱȥͬһʱ䣬ϵ߲Աʱ߲µĹâͺһ𸲸С
ʱ䣬Ҳһ߲µĹâӿ룬Ҳۿɼٶȿʼָʹú˫ۣƺࡣ
ץʱ䣬߲ʹ壬ͬʱ塣

䣬ںԱϥ£ɴ߲ʹâЩâڣ壬ͬʱҲȹͨɵһصΪ
ҲŽ䡣ϵ߲ƣͫһ˿ɫվǴڰ벽ΣܿͰҲһ㣬߲ʹâһ壬һȹâ塣
ٺ߲ʹâǴ֮䣬ҩ
ˣ
ʱһһйâ˸貶Ŀ
Ϊͨٷǳ£ٹ߲ƳʱҲǳãȥһӲɢ
һӺվǿʢˣվʱֱ֮΢΢ȭͷʱоӿĴһ΢ĵ绡֯ȭͷϡᳯǰӶһ֮շһ졣
ǿ
ľͬʱҲЩ
ԿղκǼûô仯ˣﵽͨɾɹ٣ٴ˷Ծͻ䡣һ̣ϸϸԼԼܹһȭգǶۣͨ۷ǿ߲
ͬһʱ䣬ʶʮʶøǿ䣬ҡҷâŨһʶڣһʱ䣬ӿâ貣ͬһڵĻƺӣˡ
ã
̲סе
һ̣оԼǿ󣬶ɹͨɴٺ󣬸涼˷ԾԵĽ
һּɱ䣡


650 ֮
ٺܿ£ΪڤڤеǧµĻ֮ѣһ֮ʣһ;µѡȻ֣ȴҲ洦һɹȥǱԾţõĺô
Խ£ɹȥ󣬺ôԽ
˸âƬ̺ƽһߵĺԡ
ʱ򣬺Ҳǡ߲ʹâϣۼȫһƵľӨۼױ˸Ȼǽٺ߲ʹâõ˲Сĺô
ô
ʵ
Сͷ嶼ǿ˲٣ΪҲԽһЩ
ͷܡʱɽ伸ǳױٵˣɽķѣ潹һƬٳңһСһĿӻ
ƫͷĿڼͷĺϣʶŹ⣬ǿʶͬһɨ
ԭڰ벽ڴﵽһٽ㣬ٽһ㣬ʵӦһһƾâ߰ɣȥĵطΪһ
ϻһЩ龧ֽ֮ɽһ뿪
תۣʧԶ
ʱб鲼Ѻۣٸ¥̮ˣʿ˳˳ǳغԶɫһ̣ػָһ̧ͷŲ񷡣ʧˣ޴ʧˣ貵ͼҲʧˣΨؼ仹ƮŵĻϢ
ˣ
˿ڡ
һʿ໥ӣֱȥΣд󵨵˻ɸߣȷϲºǵϸߵĵطɽķȥ˴ͷԾգģԽԽʿڿն𣬽ǽĿͶɽڡ
һʱһ
ȥɽķѣԵưܲǿӿݣرڵͬһչһ㣬ʮɫɽٵ˴룬ΪһƬ档
⡭
ᣬɽ䡭
ʢ޵һ򣬱ٵˣ
ǰĳȺֻͷƤ顣
ɽħĵΪʢ֮һ֪жǿУڶ˲٣ʢޣûм˲塣ȻһԶľ򣬾Ȼô»ٵˣһͨɴ٣һ
⡭ţ˭ɽ٣
Ŵͨɴ٣Ҳ˰ɣ
ûСûô£
Ƕɽٵ˭ɹˣʧˣ
⡭
Ĳ
ٿʼޱŨƸǲ񷣬ѹ飬⸽ûκһпɽڵ֪˭ڶɽ٣Ҳ֪ɽǷɹʱĿΨнڵأΨвƲɽΨһƳĲȱϢ֯С
ʲôҲûУ
Ӧʧ˰ɣ٣˭ܵ
ˡ
⡭ǺεȵȻܹǵȿֲ췣ֱֱǡƵġ
૵

ͺ뿪ɽķ򣬲ú뵽ԶһƬͨУѰһǳεĵط
¼ֽʯе龧ȫѳҡ
Щ龧ʵӦܸһ
ԺԵ
ԵΪڰ벽Σٺ߲ʹâΪһЩﵽһٽ㣬ҵ龧ӳ֣Ӧڰ벽ʹǰһ󲽡
ϾԵΪȻ˺ܶ࣬ȴԶԶ޷ȣǰķ龧ҵ龧㹻ĺʵһ
ͻͨɵڶء
Ե
ҡͷҪͻƵͨɵڶأ龧ԶԶպȥѰڣЩ龧
¹£Ҫͨɵһشﵽͨɵڶأȫ龧ĻܵҪһҡⲻò˵һ֣ţȻʳѰңҲõóһ龧
һ龧ɲǿЦ
ʼɡ
ԺԵ
գûƴǣ龧ڣʼ龧
վԶĬĬΪԻ
תۼ䣬һչȥ
һպ龧
Σ
ԡ
ʱܸоԵϢøˣۼϵĹâøӾӨ
벽۷壬ֻһСرܿΡԴȵǸ䰲ҪǿһЩ
ͷһģһ
ȥƫͷ⣬оâóȥˡ
Բٶ˵ʲôСͷ
ûطͣڿնֱգһʮɣһ뿪ƬֵķΧٶ֮죬ڽ˲ƶһ㡣
иǚiʵԽǿǚiƿҲӴ죬ؾǚiѾﵽ˵ء
ھؾǚiųһɺɽӣΪؼ٣֪ʲôʱܹﵽǵȲΡ

ܽǚi޵ھؾƾٶȣͿݺˡ
һɺԽɽӣٶȣؼ仹˭
΢΢漴ٶ룬ЩΪʱ硣
ھؾǚiûô״ﵽ
ͽУһʮɣܿԽһƬƬɽʿеһЩط漴һ֪һЩ£ʱ׻ʳѰ׷ɱѰټ׻ʳѾǷǧְɽʹֻҪṩټʮ龧ȡͷ­һ龧ܽѹԴ׻ʳ龧
ֵֻ龧δ̫˰ɣ
΢
һ죬նУڣúĹܭϿա
ǣ죿
׻ʳѰ׷ɱȻ֣
ǡ
ľ
죿

ɱ
ĹܭΪʢ޵һǣ׻ʳȻطһЩݵ㣬ǿء˿̣ļǿ߷죬ʱŭ߸ͨǿճ𣬳ɱȥ
쵭ĮһЦƫͷͷĺԡ
ԵͷŴֱſڣһɷڹֱӳżѹ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
߸ͨʿҽжֱըڿС
ʱ䣬ⷽϳУһ˽Ĳ¶ļµı顣
һͷ벽Ȼ٣ң⡭ƺͨİ벽ǿܶɣ
˶¡
ϣĹܭڵһˣʢ£˶֪ѰҺìܣ޷ǽȡӶһδ׷ɱңȻǲˣնˡһˣŵڣλɻΪʲô׻ʳҲҪ׷ɱң
⻰һĹܭڣ˶Ƕݡ
ȷʵʱЩ˶֣׻ʳΪʲôҲҪ׷ɱ죿죬ô׻ʳҲˣ
΢ֱִ̧һƬʶ̻׻ʳȥĵ߾˵Ļ棬һδδžŻϵ˴ĵߵĸ׾ִνһ屻ʮصھȳȻҲȳڸҪ˾Żϵ˰һڶ׻ʳɱҵɡ
ﵽͨʶʮʶҲǿʮʶ̻ʶӡķʽָ˿Ȼʲôѵ£ּ̧ɰ쵽
ʱ䣬طʿһ
⡭
ɣ
׻ʳȻôҪ
˽Ծ


651 龧
Ļʶ̻Ĺܭڣһ˽Ǳɫ
⡭
׻ʳʢǿ֮һʢ޽ھ̫ϳȥĵ߾ˣһδνһ˴дȳһʮصڣգһĵھ̫ϳϵ˾̰ԼһڶֻΪλ浣ԼʧȥΪԻָ۷塣
Ҳ̫ˣ
ԭ׻ʳ׷ɱ죬ôһ¡
¡
ü
һټĻʳȴȻ˶𱨣ίʵ̫Ҫˡ
ͬһʱ䣬뵽һ⣬¶Щɫô˵׻ʳ澳䣬һǿߣֻǴΣ
ɵʮǰǸ棬׻ʳʮﰲȻڿ϶һǿߣΪʳʲô
⡭е
˵˻Ȼ
ϣۣ΢΢һ
׻ʳѸ£׻ʳʵϹκʧǣˡȻȷʵһʲôʧȴܺñһĶ⣬һЩ棬ֶΪ
ƶĿ⣬Ĺܭǵĳ䡣
𡣡
һ˲һޱݻͥǰ
׵
ӦܸӦ˭׻ʳ˰ɣǡ
ԺԵ
ͫлһĨĹ⣬΢΢ſڣɷܼĹǰ
תۣⷽݻͥ󱻻ǧٿף濴ȥܿѪɫ
ˡ
Դ
ͷ߰ɡ
תֻǿһͳĹ⣬һʧʾͷ

׵ڣѪˮһ߾ʬɢҵĵڵϣ˫ĿԲüıᴩ
ˡʲʲô
׻ʳˣȫȫ
ɱɱˡ
ڣвվţ
ڵϵʬ壬ȫ׻ʳˣվŵˣһûаϵЩʿɵ˲뵽˹׻ʳ򣬲ֻ׻ʳˣһǺδ
ʱΨ׵һЩʿļ¡ЩվĹܭǽֵϣ͸׵ĳ󣬸
áúݣֶκǰһң
ͷǿ׵Ȼ˲ɱ׻ʳˣ׻ʳ޹صˣһҲ˵
ֱֱ
˷ſͷĺԹ˿̸ĲͷƤɵЩ顣

ɽƶٶȿ켫졣
գһʮɣԼʱһƬĺɫɽǰ
ȥɽеֲǳ٣ÿʮɲܼһ꣬ÿһȴޱȴϢǳŨ
ˡ
лһƾâ
£Ųŵ棬һźɫɽȥ
תۼ䣬ٽɽԵ
ǰʮʿӶֳսìϵѪܻ񣬷ǳˡ
ʲôˣ
˺ȵ
ʮʿ񣬲һ̣ʱɫ
죿㣡
㾹Ȼˣ
ô֪ʲô
˾
΢һǰȥ׻ʳϢĵͦ죬ڣڣ˶֪˰ɣƽûаͣ
طʮЩȣܿǸ¶⡣
죬ɱ
Ϊ׵һ˺ȵ
һͨɳʿսìɱ£һ죬սìա
ǿһ
쵭ĮһЦס̹ɭսìһ֮۶ϡ
˴󾪣㡭
ۣ
նµսììͷֱӹᴩ˵ĺѪˮ½
һ˵ڵϣϢ˲ʧһɶ
ɽԵʮɫ䡣
һͨɳǿߣȻһͱɱˣ
ʱʮ˸о˻֣̲̿סˡ
֪ͨˣ
˵
ʮ˶ǴղΣΪ׵ͨǿ׾ͱɱﻹ쿹⣬ɽڲȥ
첽ƽֻǴŵĮЦ
ˣ
渡ֳƬƣͬһɱʮû
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۼ䣬ʮըһɶ
ֻشƲʩչֻһЩشʱܷӳǿƶѡʲôطʩչƱǼ򵥵ɱ
ɫ䣬Ҳ䣬һʮɣתۼǽ˺ɫɽڲ
ʳʱṩһЩΪε鱨Ҫһǣ׻ʳڴǰѰһ龧ǿ龧ء龧ȻɫɽУط
Ȼһ龧󣬱׻ʳǿ߷֣ǵ治
΢΢ۡ
ʳ֪ط֪龧ȴܳʲôϾѾ׻ʳз֣Ƕ֣ǾͽʳĴˣһģսɱԱⲻˣܶˡ
ȻҪ˼Щ
Ӻƽȴͬسɴ㣬ٶȿ켫ܿƬɽ
ǰƬӰ֣ʿڷھ棬Ѿ߰˸ص׵Ŀ󶴱Լ䣬зǳŨϢЩƮ
ְ
ߵЦſڡ
ʱ䣬ǰʿǳ󣬸Ǳɫ
ǡ죿
ǲǿ׷ɱ㣬㾹ȻطУô֪
㾹֣
Щ˽¶ݡ
׻ʳһųϵ˲֪ԼһʲôǣȴõԼһĻָǾǣ죬ɱȻȻ׻ʳ˶ǼסģңǼǵĺ
ʱЩ˼ǰɱ⣬ͬʱҲžɣɵǣһڲǰطһ龧صطھûѰҵôܻ֪
֪طȻˣǾͱ뿪
˺
һ꣬ͨɵ죬˿̿粽ϣȥ
һЦйŹ֣һ˳𣿡
ĵʲôҲĳϺͻӳ֣
΢㶣漴ЦĸŨ
벻׻ʳȻлطǵ˼ʱ䣬ҲʺϡЦǵ龧նǵĻӣأǵĻض³ھѪڣ˵һ
ط׻ʳʿԴŭ¶ɱ⡣
ԲĶȣһ絽ǰֳצƬɱ⣬նŤֱӳֱ۰ȥֻ֫ԺɳϺͻӽڣԷ䣡


652 ͨ
˵ּ̣䣬צϵɱøӳңĳֱ۰ȥĿռŤһƺһ̾Ҫ
һЦǵĳϺͻҴߣȻҪߵģǵ
̧֣΢ճȭǰ¡
ɫ䣺Ķ̽צøӿ£ƼΪˡ
һ̣צȭͷײһ
һʱ䣬д촫
ָ鿪ɫ˲ͱˣ֮ɫæȥͨǿߣʩչͨצȴȻڱһȭָ
Ҫ֫ϵʲô
쵭Į
ȭͷƲǳѹȥ
ɫұ䣬˲¶֮ɫһȭƼ򵥣ȴƺеĿռȫסˣ˶㡭
ۣ
Ѫˮȭͷؿڣ۵һֱӽ֮ķѡ
һĻʱط˽Աɫֵ˿Ƭ龧һС죬ͨɵ죬ȴȻһȭͱˣ
⡭ôܣ
˽𾪡
˺ܶ࣬˿̣˶ı鶼ǱˣһЩ֮ɫ
һһڶþȣֻǿ󣬽ʤ˶ѡǶ༸һϣٽ֮ѹԽϺͻӡ񣬲ɾ龧Ҫ˴ͨɵ죬ҲƬ龧һС졣
ͨǿߵͷԴ˱ʾͬӦˣɾ龧Ҫ
Ǿǵͨɾһְɣһ˲佫֮ѹ
ԡ
׻ʳΪУ֪
мȺ󿪿ڡ
ʱط˶ͣе£ɭȻĶ졣
ܿ죬жʮ߳졣
ˣкˣΧһ޴Բġ
Դˣƽû˿ҡ
ƶĿ⣬ɨƬ򣺡پʮˣʶˣվʮˣͨɾʮˣݲ١ԹԵĵһҲû⡣ôˣҲû⣬Ͼ׻ʳطһ龧ȻҪǲһЩ˹ھڶʱڽ龧ɾϡ
ĮһЦʮͨǿߣĲ֪ͨǵĳϺͻӳ
ʮͨǿ߸ߣ
֣һѹ
мǣעִ磬Ҫֱɱ
֪
˵
ʱʮ˱죬ӿ
֡
֮ǰǸ
仰£һ֣âһչѹ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ʮҲ֣ǲ棬⽣Ӱɲݺᡣ
찲վԭأû˿⡣
וּһһɭɭն˹նֱ۰ΪһƷ
ȶһۣ
ֽΪһͨɳʿɫһƬ
쵭ĮһЦƫͷܿһָ̧ᵯ⽣֮ϡ
˵һ𣬵һ֮͸ڳֽϣʱ˺ݺһŵŵŵĳȥָֹֽסһζ
ղȣʲô
쵭Į
һ˲ǰһαǽеĽ˹
㡭
ۣ
һͷбɳȥĿѪˮƮУĿġ
ʱ䣬ΧһЩͨʿݡ
⡭
һ棬ɱһͨǿߡ
ңڶʮͨǿߺΧɱ£
ЩˣȻΧɱͨǿߣҲǸ¶ɫ
ôܣ

ʮУ˵ͺ
ɱݺᣬһͨɵڶǿߣղűն˹ϵã˿˫Ŀ죬ݺᣬûһΪֲ⵶壬նȥ
תۼ䣬˱Ϳǰ
һƣܿ˻⵶壬гתն
ۣ
ѪɢһŴͷ­бɳȥƬѪ⡣
һͨǿ߱ն
⡭ô᣿
һ£ȺǱɫ
ȻͨǿҲǶݣ˸š
һͨǿߣһͨɳǿߣһͨɶǿߣȻһ㱻նɱ
һ̣¶죬Щ˵ı鶼Ǳˡ
ô˵һѹ𣿡
һ
ϴŵгȾѪƽɨΧǰͨǿߡ
ʱЩ˸Ǳɫࡣ

֣棡
ɱ
һ˺
ﻹжʮĸͨʿš
ʱ䣬⣬⣬ȭâӰӿ
гһ컡ȣնһƬ⣬һ絽һǰһͨʿӦٶȺܿ죬ھȵͬʱٳܡ
ʲô
Ц
ȻЦ¶ȴûаͣͣ⣬ն˵ĺ
򵥵һʲôͨȴǴһɷ񵽼µĽ⣬ɫ䡣
㡭
ۣ
Ѫ⽦䣬˵ͷ­ͷʬĵ£ѪˮȾƬر
նһˣٴβܿһɱ⣬гֱͶ
۵һһؿڣֱӽᴩһͨɶǿߣӿѪһڵϣ˫еϢתۼɢ
⡭ô᣿ʮͨǿΧɱôܡ
ûʲôشƣƿҲûʲôð
˵ֻվѣɣվ磬ôôǿ
ΧĲ
Щ˵û˿仯ֻǹŵĮЦ
ڣվ
וּһгһ嵭âת֯һǿʢ
Ʒ
˾
ͬһʱ䣬ȻһͨǿҲɫݡ
Сģа
ͨǿߵ
аΣ׻ʳǰһжǸ
һͨǿߵ
һӣһϮ£ֱӳһⱦΪһڼΪǿͨʼһ־Ŀռ䶯
䣬ⱦ·һתۼǰ
ˣҲûа취

һⱦ𶯣ĳѹ¡
̼䣬֮һ̮
ģˡ
쵭
ֳֽȭֱһȭӭϡ
ˣ
ͬһı˰㡣
һ̣һ촫ⱦķѣɢ
ɫ䣬𺳡ʩչĿһڼΪǿͨһֶκѿ⡣񣬾Ȼƾһȭͨ
㡭
ﬣ
̶еɽ𶯣̺Ƶ
Ʒɽڸ׵ʱãǿϿӡƣʹɽƱø£ǵ֮µ޵ɱ˿̣ɱʮһѹ۳һһ
ն
ƽ³һ֡
һյնѣһնֱӽնΪΡ


653 Ƴϻ
ѪˮĿһƬƬ䡣
걻նϣڵ棬ȥĿģ˾֡
һ˲䣬ط˵ɫȫˡ
㡭㡭
ͨɳǿ߶죬иֳ塣
ͨǿߣȻҲô򵥱ɱ
וּһеɽŲɹ⣬һӳ̼

ƽ
һ;ͨɾһ޴ˮ룬ͨɾеʥãʵһ츲صı仯վʱɱͨǿߣͨǴǵȻصͦʵȻԶǿͨڵˣû˿ѹ
ﬣ
Х̶ֳƷɽʮͨǿȫ֡
㡭
ſ񣡡

Щ־ŭֻһ˶ѣȴȻͬʱ˷𹥻
쵭Цһ壬ȷʵ
ལâϯϰ˻ģǚiڶʮͨǿ߼ݺᣬ粽⣬Ƭ̼ǳһͨʿǰһͷ­ն¡
ܿһɱ⣬̽ն۵ĽһͨɳǿĵķѣѪˮȾƬ档

طʮͨǿߣ˿̻ʣ¶ʮˣŭӡЩ˴ɱܼ˷Ŀռȫˣ볯ѹȥ
ƽǚiɱͨ򶨶ݡ
ﬣ
̧֣һն
ĿĽգһͨһͨɶʿ
ƫͷ㿪ǹһ󵴿һ˵ͷ­ն¡
ģ
ۣ
Ӷ֣һƽһͨǿߵԴֱĵǻ
һϣΧɱ
ͨǿߴ
һ̣ڿڵߣɽն
㡭
ۣ
˵ͷ­ն£Ѫˮߡ
ΪͨɾսͺǿᣬټһӡƵƷɽ֣ʮͨʿ䣬ͥɢ㣬һһɱ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
׽âݺᣬתۼм˱ն
ʱ򣬶ʮͨʿѾֻʣʮˣһ̶죬΢ǶʮǿߺΧһˣȴתۼ䵽˽֣һˣ
һѹңƽɫƽڣǴٻˣֻж˻ţ
̧֣һնƬâɾǰѹȥ
۵һһͨɳʿըܼĽâֱնѪ
ͨʿʣʮˡ
֧Ŷá

䣬еĽøӿ£ɭɭâԲʮڵĿռȫǡ

˲ҽУܼĽâ壬һĵڵϣϢȫ
ﬣ
졣
ӶгÿһնǳƬĽ⣬׻ʳЩͨʿĻͨؼȺըѪˣ˱նɱѪ
תۼ䣬ʮͨʿʣˡ
ͨһˣͨһˣͨˣͨɳˡ


гתâĿ֮մŤ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ɲǼ䣬˱ն
ʱ˶ˣʣµǸͨǿߡ
ǶʮͨǿߺΧɱһˣȴֻʣˣ
ȥ֪ͨϺͻӣ
У˺ȵ
ʱΧͨʿУվǿ߳ԶȥٶȺܿ졣
ô鷳ԺԼȥǡǺܿԼ߳

Ļ£ϺܼƸ֣ɱ˲Ϣ֯
䣡
ܣ漴һɱӿˡ
۵һԶʿʮɱûֱڲԶը
ǡɱ󣿡
ʲôʱµģ
⡭
ȺȻɫ
ͨǿŭ죺ģ
׻ʳϢӦúͨ𣿲֪һ׼Ŀʦ
쵭
ţʮͨʿսͬʱҲϰӡɱɱֻײΣȴɱ󣬶Ϊӡɱնɱͨͨɼʿκ⡣ʱɱ󸲸ʮռ䣬˽֣ȫһƬɱ
㡭
ﬣ
ɱڣɱ۳һ⽣϶˷ϯȥ
תۣҽһƬ
طȴŵͨʿ⣬ʮʿʶʿȼΪοԵסӡµɱ󣿶ʱ䣬ըһѪһʿɱն飬ѪˮȾƬ档
ס֣
ͨǿߴ
Щˣɶ˰
ɫƽû˿仯
ڵˣ飬Ѷϡ
ˣ
ɱ𶯣һɱݺᣬͬʱ˷Ŀռȫе׻ʳʿ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһһըͬѪɫ̻죬Ŀ

ҽž;֡
ɫĮУٳ֡ɱѾҪˣɱɱݺᣬתۼʮ˱飬һƬѪڵϡ

ס֣

ͨǿŭ
ҲʱԶһͳĺʲô
ĵӰ߳Ϊ׵һߺһۣ꣬һ£һɰƣһɹɳʱȴ붯ݡ
ǣ
죿Сϣɱ󣡡
ߺ󻹸꣬ʱɫ䡣
ɭȻһչʱ䣬һ쫷絴粻ལϮնϵɱ顣
ʱеɱʧɱҲʧ
ɱУһʿȣһڴͬʱ¶ϲı顣
ϣӣ
Ǳ߽е
̧ͷȥ΢΢˫ۣ벽۷壬Ƚ䰲Ҫǿһ˿
ͷͫ΢һڹ
߶죬ɭȻȻ֪죬֪׻ʳһЩʲô£СȻҴǹ죡죬һҲɱ⣺У֪ģ
طߺʼЩʿǵķӦһһ﷢һ龧¿ǷǳΣ֪ģ
ǶˣһѴոǡ
쵭Ц
ߵɫʱø䣬һɰӿϣһֱӳѹȥ̼䣬ռ𶯣һŤµѿ
Գˣ
ֻһС֮ܿ£ûκǶ֣
ӣɣ
һʿ˿̶죬·ڿһʬ㡣
ҲʱѾǰͬħ̧֣ץȥ


654 
ߴַ죬ƱգȫС
һִƣֻһСܿˣʵֻԿֲݡ
һʱ䣬նһŤ
䣡
絴ϯɳǰĺڷĿ趯
ƽڵʵҪսȲεˣôһЩ
΢ԭأߵĴѹ¡
ŵĲҶˣ
Ц
Ա˸ͣϣʲôΨ
ûôҪ

׻ʳһֻëǣ
һɭ
ɫƽûʲô
һ̣һɰͷ˲䱩ǣֱһڵڹ⡣һǿҲܿ죬쵽˶Ӧ
ۣ
ѪˮѹµĴֱѣ˵ŵŵŵĺ˳ȥԶ
ʱ䣬˽Աɫ
ǣ
ľ
סΣѳ˺ü϶Ѫˮȴָʱߵñ̹ǣĿںϣͷ벽εźԣߺݣЩͳԣʹŲⲻǼ򵥵İ벽ΣϷ൱
ʲô
ϴ˾൱ϴֻһСܿΣͨİ벽ǿ߿Ҫǿܶ౶Ǵ֮޵У⣬
ԷҲֻһСܿΣôܣ
˽𺳡
ԣʮɣͫ䣬ԸߴӶߡ
˺

Եͺ𣬶ʱ䣬񱩵ɷ֯Ƭռһɲ硣
һɳͬһ޴ķ籩
һɫʱ籩н֯ž˵Ļֱӽˡ


ӦǺԵһԳְ˷ռ䡣
ٺ߲֮ҵ龧Ϊһδ֮ǰǿ࣬˿ʱ˽һһƨֱӵ˵ϣͷ亹ֱ塣
һ԰β֯˵ֱӽ߾֮ϡ
նˣ
ߺ
ʱ䣬ȺĲһһֱӴӲ϶ɱ硣
һʱ䣬һ˲΢
ֻһСܿǿȫ棬ɵӰɲǿЦġ
Ųϣɫѩף̲סҺļ¡
ҲʱһŲʱԵ̶ִ
ԾߣϣʱҲˣŶȥ
׻ʳһӣò˵һ㡣
ʲô
Ӷ𣿣
ſ񣡡
Ķط˶ʲôʱŭ
һ䡣
Ѱ·
һ˵
ǿ΢ӿ˽Ǵͨ죬ͬʱѹ졣
ŲƽֱʱӰԻΥʩչ罣е֮似ͬһм仮ĿѪˡ
飡
飡
굹أͷ­ͬʱֿΨѪˮͣĴӶͷӿ
⣿
ˣȻȻҲ
ôܣ
ղţʲô
ûû
ȺղţǽǲĶһ̣ͨǿȴǱնͷ­߲ʬ˵ϣ˽Ծ㤡
첽ƽꡣ
ղţ򵥵һ֮ʵѾ˾ųԲնˡϾ˶ͨǿߣһͨʿǿ˺ܶࡣ
ͣ½Ų껹Զ
꣬ɫƽеɽϣѪˮһε¡
Ŷʮ꣬Ŀϣ֮ûκηӦ·ʲôҲûйƵģͨ죬ǣһƽ˼ȴǳԣǱǣȻҲǴͨ죬ǣսȴԶɱͨʿȵˡ
ܿһˣʬ塣
ƽ
⻰һطʿеŭŨøɭȻ
ţ
ӣΪͨ죬ȴܺͨɰ۷ǿһսʲôҺ˵
֪ν
˺ȳ⡣
ͷҲأɽһƬ
ʱ䣬۵˵ļըâնķѡ
һʱ䣬˽Ǻݺһ־ŭĶ졣
궢죬ɱˣûԳŭͬʲôҲģֻ֮ǰǾ䡰ʬ塱лһĨ΢⣬ţǣŵ̫äĿ˵ţ޷Զ£һСʯڿն͵ı飺κ׺գǡ
ɢ⣬ˡ
ȻһɱС
ܺãʡȥѰʱ;κ׺յȡͷ­ں;Ż塣
ʢʳܻʳΪգʳΪգ׻ʳΪκա
֮˵֣ûмסıҪƽɽһμʧ޷ԶűߵĵϣͬҲһСʯ漴͵ı⣬ҵͷ­Ҳȡߡͷ­һá
ﵭĮ鵭Įǣȴûд⣬ΪȷʵǿȻҲڶԷϸоһ˿ѹȻֻһ˿ѡ꣬һ͸ͬɨҶ㣬ϯϰ˻ġ
һ˲䣬طɫԱ䡣
񡭡
ͨɾ
ԣǴղôᡭ
֮ǰͷʵҲǣʹеĲһô£
⡭
Ⱥɫ䡣
ʱ򣬸оɢϢȻǲҲݣ¶ɫͨɵһأʲôʱȲΣҡ
죬ľ׻ʳ֪֮УΪǴվ磬ǰȴͨɾ磬ͨɵһ죡ҪǣֻͨɵһΪ˿ɢȴ̫ˣ֪Уȳ̶ȵԱȵһͨɾǿˣ
䣡
ɷڹӶһ𣬲òĿջأȫӦԺԡ
ϣ֯໥ײ˽Ĳ
κ׺ƽı˫΢΢㣬ʸһս
䣬ɹǿһ罻֯žͣ
쵭ĮһЦӼ򵥣
κ׺գɢĸӾˣͬʱһƵâͨɾ磬ʵ˷츲صı仯ͬУκ׺յúüһԼսԣŽƷɽҲ
ʱԶĿ⽻֯ײĵرһѡ
ৣ
ৣ
һ̣ƿͬʱʧԭء
漴ͻأֻȭײһһ͸Ŀ𶯲ֱӱƬռ䡣


655 ս
񱩵쫷ϯһʱ䣬Ƭռɳ죬˷ȥ˱ɫɵýֵסգСʶʿ̲סˡ
κ׺յȭͷײһûаԥͬʱٴγȭ
飡
飡
飡
˶δչͨһȭһȭֱⷽպ¡¡
ǽನһ쫷磬ܵĴزϱѣͬ֩һӿȥЩʯ˲ͱܵ쫷ʵķ顣

ռ̣ȴҲܲ˵սƬƬı
Ҳ֪໥˶ãɲǷ룬ԺԶ
Ǻǿǿҿ⡣
κ׺յĮ
ǿ㿹⣿
һЦ
䣬ٴζˣһɣ΢ճȭ˿˿Ƶĵ绡֯ȭˡ
ˣ
һȭѹ£˲֮ǰӳȭ˲࣬һʱ䣬ͬһı˰㡣
ֲһȭ
κ׺Զݣȭӭϣٴײһֻǣʱȭͷȴ·һ㣬ƺɽĲȭÿһײָ΢΢飬ÿһνͨ
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷײϴ쫷øӿ񱩣ɳռ䡣
ɫĮһȭһȭӳÿһȭӳʱ𶯺
תۣʮȥ
һκ׺յӰɨɳȥָѿеѪӶ
ӣ
˾
⡭ʱɱ壬ȻһЩͨɰصǿ϶УɣͨɳڶѣȴȻܡ
һļ¡
ڵϣɨɳȥκ׺գ˭˭ǿ⣿
ʥļǰοֲ٣ٹԡѪǣǿͨѾǵǷ켫ͨɾǿ棬κ׺վȻֻ֮ǿ⣬ʵúܺЦԣʵжκ׺֪֮˭˭ǿ⡣
Դ̵κ׺յɫ΢΢лһĨâֹ⻪֯ѿָ޸ֹܿסѪɫ⣬һ;ֻǸͨǸڡͨʿ޷ֻһЩ˺ۣȴܹ׾ٵ޸¡
һԣڵͨʲôˮ׼

ƽǣķȴκ˶ó
κ׺ɫ˼֣ʧ䣬֯Ӱͻأһŵããǹ֣˲ϢɣһӰ
ǣ
Уеľ
Ѿ޵һΪľ磬һһͨɰǿҲԲ׽Ӱ
קȭͷ
κ׺յӰ裬ͬڲſռڵƶһ㣬ƬռһӰƮһϵ磬ÿһ¶еǹ˸
ܿ죡
ԿӰ

΢˫ۡ
κ׺տ粽ŲһΣҲǶˡ
ʱκ׺գĶ򵥣ֱӣֱֱӲŵصǚiУԼƿһУ˲κ׺յУκ׺ǰ
κ׺һȻ⣬ʱΪ֮һ
ûκζĻһ۳κ׺նȥ
וּһͬʵĽХռ˲Ť
κ׺ղܣͬʱָץһצ
䣡
ײʱ䣬Ƭ
⽣һһתٶȸ죬һٵâ˲Ϣ
ﬣ
˷ѹ¡
Щȫ۶ɣٶȼ죬Ƽǿκ׺ȫ֡
κ׺һ𣬴ƬâһĻнȫ¡
ҲʱವһƵǰ
ˣ
𣬻ӶȭֱѹһƬռ䡣
κ׺նݣһȭ̫̫ͻأԷֻܽ˫۵ǰ
һκ׺ձȻУֱӳԶɡ
ӣ
ܣһ˱ɫ
κ׺յ嵹ɳȥʮԶײڲԶһʯϣʯֱӱѡ
첻˿ͣŲһΣֱǰȥ
һ̣ɫ΢䣬ٺˣŲϳȥ
ﬣ
µĵԻ貹âߵ֡ߵƽ֯һƺһ󷨰ӡ̼ɱ
ܣһӰת۳ɶߡ
ֻǣɱ̫ܼûȫܿؿڱնһѪۡ
ǣɱ
ӷƶʱһͬʱڵӡɱƣʱЧ
ӿϣ̳λļ֮һСǶ֣
Ц
Զκ׺վɫЩ䡣
˵һǹԻ纣ѹ졣ͬһʱ䣬ϣµɱƱøҫۣɱ

ֱӱ飬ƬƬı
ĮòϣΪһʳӣκ׺ĺǿ
ͷ­ùɡ
κ׺մʱ˹
ϣǹһƵԾÿһƶ֯ޱȿµϢÿһƺնɱһͨǿߡЩǹΪ߿ŻԲǳÿǳǡöǾֱߴ磬ϴӵɱѹ졣
һ˲䣬ܣеĿռǱˣһֻó涼Էɵĳȥ
飬ɱߺһӱˣԶק˫ȭӿһ˲ɱһͨɰǿߣ
ˣ
һ˽ɭĶ졣
ؿڱɱնһѪۣɫȴû˿仯ٶȸЩܼǽ
ɡ
κ׺Ƶǰ
һɱͨ볯ѹ¡
ɲǼ䣬յŤķڣ֮ȫˡ
Įӭɱͨûаҵı顣
˵ˣҵͷ­ȡˡգֻܺһΪʬ塣
Į̧𣬶ʱͼֶһѹɱǷǰӭκ׺յͨ
ͣ
ͣ
촫ܼɱͬӡڵϵߵһ顣ͬһʱ䣬ͨҲʧΣ·Ǳ뵽С
һĻκ׺ٴζݣ㡭
ˣ
â貣˲Ϣܡ
ӡɱͨûаͣ٣ֱӽ𣬻Ȫʥһ󣬲ǚiһ˲ͱƵκ׺ǰ
һ죬մ𶯣ʮһκ׺ѹ£ʮռͬʱ֡
κ׺ձɫټһֵͨչܣϧվȫܿ
飡
ݻĻɽϣֱӽ֮ҷʮԶȺ֮С
ӣ
Աߣ׻ʳʿæΧȥʧɫ
ҲʱӾ˵ĺ粽۾Ȫʥĳκ׺յͷ­ȥͬʱݻӣ֮ҶݺѪɫѷȱ֮ѹ˷κ׺һܵĿռ䡣


656 ĥ
ʮܣȪʥķĿռȫˡ
ﬣ
ͬʵĽȪʥѹ£ֱӸա
ͨɾΪ߶Ȫʥøǿˣ·ϾƹչֳʥһεĽͬȼաɱƵҰ
ӣ
ǿߴ󼱡
һȫǴǹɱ޿ɱܡ
κ׺һĨ⣬һѽԱߵһʿץֱǰ
ۣ
˴أܵסݻľȪʥնķѣѪˮȾһƬر
⡭
ӡ
ôܡ
Ⱥɫ
ƫͷһĹ⣺˵ƣ˼
κ׺գϴźڵķ̡
κ׺ûаƽҵǲһ죬ŵ⣬ɱˣ㣬һ𡣡һڻȻһɼΪ˵Ϣǹ⻷ƣһص̻
ԶԶԣǺǲһ̲סЦһö
˵ƻºܹûʵɣ˵ʲôҵǲһʵŻ
κ׺յɫñ죬Ȼҳ
˺졣
ĵ
һ̹â֯һɸӾ˵Ĳɢպ¡¡죬һһѷ졣ӭϢط󲿷׻ʳʿǺˣ¶ļµı顣Ϣ·һС
΢˫ۣ̣ⷽһ˿ѹ
ֽ̧ӡܣǧӰ֣ͬؼǧ걻ٻ˹㡣
׼Ұǧ
һʱ䣬ɿµĲϯ̼һ˵쫷硣
ʱܵʿˣһ˳ȥԶͣ
䣡
ǿͨ񽻻һɹɿ硣
ƿ֮ͬʱˣǧ̲ײ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
罻֯ʩչǧ۳ĻӰһ飬ͬһʱ䣬ҲǲϳѺۡ
һ̣춯ݣһụ̂ٱ䣬̣漴ǰţʮţʮţʮš̶̵ʱ䣬Ƭռȫ̸ˣУÿһ̡
һĿƶʱǧ飬Χ
κ׺ɫĮĥ֣еİͨݻǧεֵ˵ţִ̧һӡʱǧѹ졣
ˣ
𶯣֮ǹ⽻֯һɭķϢ
һЩ̣ÿһŶֱңԵǳ·֮а㣬ƺܽﶼѵ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ǚiܣһӰûһ̿Բ
һ̣ٴζݣЩ̵ĹɱٶͻȻÿ
ߣ
ӲԶ
ƫͷȥκ׺սŵߵ˸ЩƱԽԽ貣ݻ̵ĹɱٶȱǱԽԽ죬ңԽԽࡣ
壬һ̣Ȼ̵ԽԽ࣬·޾ƵģǵķΧҲԽԽ󣬹ٶҲڲϱ죬ȻǚiҲԱЩǱʮȥ˲١
ĥ̿ɻûǧܸңĳ̵ԽԽ࣬տɽһƬռ䶼иǣڱԺɱ໥ϣ̵ĹɱٶҲܲϵ
˵
Щ˽κ׺շƵ£˵ЩǱʶҲźκ׺һ뷨ǵȷʵκ׺ղһԶԶȲκ׺աϾֻһͨˣκ׺գȴһֱϵӡ
ǰ̽ģǱü
ӣ
ССϣҲӶ֣
ӣղ˱𣡽ʮ˲

޵УʢͬΪ𣡡
κ׺ʩչĥ̽ΧʱЩ˸ú˷ܣ󲿷˶ק˫֣ߴ󺰴𣬷·κ׺վǵ
ǚiһḥ̂ƫͷЩˣ¶̡
һȺˡ

κ׺ƻ˵ӶĵоƺЩѾû˰ԣڣЩƺãǺ£Ȼ¡
ЩˣԼԼ
˵ҵǲһǵԶûҵ󡣡κ׺ձ鵭ĮͬΪһΣͬΪΣÿˣһҲţǵȡҴǵңҲӦ¡
죬κ׺սŵ׵ߵƱø貣ʹĥ̵࣬ٶҲ죺ʵǲҲÿ˭ȣǰΨֵóƵУһĽ֣ڴˡ
䣡
ƺӦĻܼĥ𶯣ͻأÿֲɱٶҲֱӸƬռ䣬볯ѹȥ
ͣܣʩչǚi
ҲţЦɱ˵һ˸֧Ȼסһ壬˵ĵλиеͣǣ۵λߵͣ÷Ļ˵ˣǼˡ㣬ڵλ͵ˣ㽫ģˣ㽫ǿģǵū
κ׺գϴЦŲмỵ̂ȻЩ׻ʳ˸еʵ˵ͦ˵ġͬġô˵أΪǵļˣ׻ʳԽԽãˣǾ𡣡
һ̣ﴫ󣬶ʱ˶һɫͻȻЩѿȻЩ˶֪κ׺ûаǵһ£Ǵ˿ֱ̣κ׺ǰǵΪūʱЩɲôܡ
ߣ
κ׺ߣ죬ӱøӱ䣬ͬɱ
˺죬Զ˵
죬κ׺ٴνӡŵ׵ߵƱøӵ財
ʱ䣬һܣĥ̵ø࣬ɱٶҲ졣
ƬռɫĿռ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ʼѣһĽ塣
ܼĥѹ£ͬĵɱƣ˾֡
˵һĽֻ֣ڴ˵ء
κ׺Į
£ĥ̵ٴηɱٶȱøˣڱƺƵĳѹ¡
𡣡ЦҲ˵һգʬ塣
䣡
飬ɲǼݻ磬ݻ̫ݻǿ£չ֣λС⣬û꣬üĹâ˸һƬڰɫ֣һ貵âʱκ׺ɫһ䡣


657 ͷ­
׻ʳ죬Ϊһӣκ׺Ȼ֪չ֪ƿʶ󣬿ɴ˿̣ۿͬʱʶʱľɱȷֻһҪ˺ܶ౶
ͬһʱ䣬طҲ𾪣¶Ȼı飬˸
⡭
򡭡ֹŵ
͹żصģ̫̫ˡ
ǺɫͰɫ꣬ʢ޵Ĵһƿʶ󣡡
򣬻ʶ
ЩĲ
ȻǲͺԴսҲݣ̲ס˹
ӣ

䣡
谵ɷ纣ϮԸɷʩչɱߡ
߲òĿǱջأԲ̫ϣ˵һͻѡ

Ϊ֮Ť̫磬ǿ£ͬʱʶǺƵڰɫһԾâֱܡò˵һ־˵Ĵƣֻ̼ĥɵĿռ
ˣ
ֲһĹâ˸ͬһƬĺڷӿãĿ
κ׺գһ̣ͬһ㣺ܽط
κ׺յɫ˼֣һΪԼ壬ĽЩΪˣԷѾ˼ģͨʲôֻŻᣬңһֻʩչһԣΪ壬ţ壬һδεĴս¼Ѿ֪ˡ
κ׺յĻһ㶣漴˲Ц
ĽЩΪˣ
˼̫˼ˡһֻ壬ʷϴδֹǿʣҪȥĽʲô壿κ׺գ΢ȻĻǳ޴ĳ˵ҲȷʵûдͦĽЩ壬٣ûôùʮ壬ҲⱩ¶Ҳ˵ޣվٺɱͨɾʱ٣ǿ߶
κ׺ɫĻǣ컰еķ̡

һͨɲεˣͨɵһ죬Ȼһٶʢ޽׻ʳĻӣӱúɱ˫ٴνӡĴ߶ĥڰʹƬռеĥ̵øӶ࣬ƱøǿɱٶҲøӿ죬ͬһƬ̺ѹ졣
ˣ
ʱ͵졣
ֻǣһ̣κ׺ձɫʱĥ̴߶ĸǿ󣬱ȷǿʢңѹʱȴܵƱøǿǿǹɱȴԶû֮ǰЧ
ڣʱƺˣ
оΣ
쿪ڡ
κ׺գƽͬء
˱飬Ȼκ׺ɫԱ㡭
ﬣ
ڰɫʶͬʵĽֱӽκ׺յĻϡ
ڣҹˡ

µ˲䣬ˣ̫壬һƬḥܼ̂ĺڰɫֱӳκ׺ѹȥ
κ׺ɫ֯ĥֱӭϣǰȥ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ŹһƬƬ괩ĥ̵ת۳κ׺ǰ
κ׺նʱݣٲˣϧȴվһ㣬ûܹܿе꣬Ƭûʶ

ʱҽ̶
⡭
ӣ
ʲô
Ⱥһǿޱȣɺͨɰ۷ǿһսɴ˿̣ȴ㷢ҽУ£Щ˻ǵһμɫ
һЦǚi̼˹ȥ
û˿ĶֱӻӶȭѹǰ
һȭȵκ׺յϣʱκ׺պɣݻѪˮɳʹ׻ʳһٴαɫ

ЦٴοȥȭĻ¡
һʱ䣬κ׺˴ѣȫɳ
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷκ׺յϣֱȥʮκ׺ղڴʶľʹһŭǱĴȭܳȥ
ղţʲô

£
Ц
Ȼеȥκ׺սʶźεȵЧºҡҷܼĺڰɫ곯κ׺ճȥס˷
κ׺һʹѣǶ֮˽һЩȻҴ⣬ܣͨ⣬ϧȴûʲôЧһʱǱ
飡
㿪һδιɱȴǱȭͷ˹ֱӱɡ
֮һδѣ㿪кڰ꣬ȴһȭȭС
ӣΪӦ޳ʶ󣬿̫߿ˡ

֪ԿʶЧֶΣʶ֮һδιɱκ׺գɶԷȴʼֻͨͨӦԣͨͨûʲôú󣬱ǲǱܣȻǲƿʶ
ĻƽҡҷڰɫƵκ׺ܡ
ʧܡ
ƽҡͷ˵
̬κ׺ŭɶͺͬʱ֡
ˣûʶһɱ㣡
κ׺ŭ
һһСڳʼһֱɢΪ˵ĿֲϢ
ױ
Զ˾
Ʒ⣬ǡױķƷ
⡭ʧֻǷƷ𡣡
㶮ʲôȻֻǷƷȴҲԺֲܿԶԶƷԱȵˣܷλԵĹɱ벽ǿ߾û˿⣡
ģ
Ȼ
Զ׻ʳһʿ
ͬһʱ䣬춯ݣȻǸоκ׺ռСĿ£ơ
ˣ
κ׺պڳСһɹƺƵĳѹȥ
ٺˣͬһʱ䣬ʶǿµӭϣǰ
һ̣һ죬ʶֱӱ飬ǿµҲһһѿɹȴƲ˲٣ɻǾֱǰ˹ɫ΢䣬ٳӡӭϣȴҲֻƬ̱㱻ķѡ
飡
գɹϣʹŵŵŵĺˣѪˮֱӴӿӿ
һ̫£ʶӡȴ˲ˡ
䣡
ֲϢٴγκ׺ͷСһǰѹ
ֻʣɱᣬ㹻ɱˣκ׺ѹ̹ǣʶٵǹĵͼͨҲãҿ㻹ʲôֵһ߶ͷСһɱɹ⳯ѹȥ

Ťֱ̮
ȫǻԵɱ⣡
ȻڶӭȻɱ⣬ʱȴͻأԵúƽӱһƬĮȻ뿴Ǿۿʲôֵնͷ­ֽ̧ӡ˵һһͼ
ֻͼ
䣡
ֻͼӭϣʥĹâɢڶɹ
һʱ䣬˽Զݡ
ɱ벽ǿߵɹ⣬Ȼסˣ
ʲô
κ׺ձɫ
ֻֻͼֻ˺ΪǷ켫ܿκ׺Ȼϲá
ѪֻͼȻǻԵɹ⣬ȴҲʹЩ𵴣ϾǿһĨɱ벽ǿߵκ׺գûлشԷ⣬΢㻹һιĻᡣ
κ׺һ漴ŭĶɱͷСɹţͬһֳҵȻ䳯ײȥ



մϣСɱ纣˲ǰֻͼݺײһ
ɲǼ䣬֮ûܣ貹ֱȥκŽɢ
У첻ɽֻͼȻ԰Щȴûб飬ǰת
ʱκ׺յˣⲻܣôܣ
Ĩɱ벽ǿߵιɱȻ
ӵĮκ׺ϣֵҹˡǹ˿˿Ѫһֻͼ˫սߣһ
䣬ֻͼ𶯣âš
һɰӿʱκ׺վʱѾһˣˣң𣬿ٺˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶĲϣɫ䣬ŭȵס֣ϧȴΪƲԡ
׻ʳһʿ˳ǰŸոտǱֻͼĺɣڿоķѣ
ɫĮ谭ֱƵκ׺սǰֱӳֻͼѹ¡
䣡
ž˵ĺⱬһУҲûһС
󣬵âɢУеֻͼʧΨץһȾѪͷ­


658 ˷ȥ
ץŵͷ­Ѫܣ˶ɫɫһƬѩס
ӡȻȻôܡ
˴ˡ
Լһӣϣ̳λ֮λ֮һȻɱˣ

һŭ
ϣߣĿѡɱ⣬ĳ߳ϧת۾ͱ£ңΪɱκ׺ŭԵɷڹвϣʱɣӲֱӱ顣
ӣ㡭㾹Ȼɱӣ

岻Ź㣬һɱ㣡ó
׻ʳһʿڶݵĴͺ󣬸ŭӣǳ޵Ķ졣
ƫͷɨЩˡ
˵ūǵݽ涼磬ΣʱֱǵƵܣǵԼΣǣڶԷնȴһ׵Ƶģα˷
˵
ʱ䣬׻ʳһ˸ӷŭеĳ޸Ũ
Ķ֪ӵжྪ𣿣֪Ӷҡ
ﬣ
Х̶ɫϯдű磬۵һ˵ͷ­ն£ֱӽĻϡ
ͨһƷƷУҲ˼̸ʡ
ƽ
κ׺յͷ­ϣһƷ֡
һڱԻһ̵֣һ˳ìһ¯𡭡
תۣڱ֣˸ɭɭ⡣
㡭
ʱ˽һϵķŭеĳʧת۱ÿ־
ɫƽûа֡
Щˣһڱͬ㳯ܳȥ
ɲǼ䣬Ѫһ֡
ط׻ʳһʿ֣ȫֵϧȴûá
ͨɾΪʩչرЩͨʿοֵܵס
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһɢһʱ䣬ҽвһʿȺ¡
˵һս˵ֻһɱ
ΪԣЩ̫ˡ

ҽɽɶ䣬һͨʿն
ɽתһĻȴ̳һͨʿĺᴩ

ϣǣ

ҽ֯һ𣬼дֺ;
ϣʱӷŭסĲ죬ȫɱ׻ʳˣ
ס֣
ŭ
ԴˣƽĮ飬ᡣ
ԭزڱƬռȫˣն¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըҽһֱӺطǰ
ȥ汻ѪˮȾ죬׻ʳʿȴϿձǣס⣬ˣȫն

˻۾׺ˡ
˰κ׺ڣˣȻȫɱˣ

ɱ졣
һսȻңںԵɷڹ˴ѣֱӱһֱۣѪȾա
ƫͷȥһ˲ںͷ­ϣЦߡ
ȫһ
ԺԵ
˵һֻͼٴγʥĹâƺƵʮ
ԵͺɷڹӿлŨҵɱ⡣
ɱ
ͳ
̼䣬ֻͼһƳնȥУеֻʱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ſڣһɷɱ⣬ֱӹᴩ˿ռ䣬ֻͼݺݻϡ
ۣ
ѪըһƬĿ
ԱͲѾλ˶Էֻͼ󣬻οֵܵˣǱѹƬ
һʱ䣬طװ
ϲʬһ߾ߣѪˮȾ˵رȴûа
Сͷӿн䣬صס
龧󡣡

Ѿ߰˸ھõͨص׵Ŀ󶴣̽κѰһһԾС
ʮ²ȵʵʵϡ
ڿص״Լаɣŵ˸ܿһʯǰʯڱֲܴڣɫһƬ죬ԱŲʵĹߣȻ׻ʳ˴ģھǰĳɫʯڣͼ֮һڿ
ߵʯǰϷͬӶС
κ󣬿һʯڳѺۣͬ㣬һİ¡
ʱţųʯһ䣬ģһƾӨĹӳڵѺ۴֮֡ȹԽԽʱȥ󣬴ֲڵĳɫʯȫ䣬ǰԻĹâ貵㣬й֯
ֲڵĳɫʯں󣬴Ƭ龧۳ʯ飬͸ϷԵ֮С
һƬ龧󣡡
¶â
΢΢һɨԹ㣬ط龧Լҡ
龧֮ǰڵ޷ȣȴҲ㹻ˡ
ɲһСĿ
л׻ʳ
Ц
龧Զ޷ﵽͨɵڶأͨɵһصͨɵڶ;߹ʮ֮һȴûʲô⡣κУһ˲߹ͨɳڵͨɵڶصĶʮ֮һȻһϲ
򣬲˵Ϊǽ龧ָں𻯵ţҲһھ˵أ龧ŵʵȻһء
ԣ۴һ˵龧ǲƵջ
һЦûԥмصֶο龧
תۣʱȥ
ʱ龧ھֱת뿪
׻ʳ̾ˣʵǿ󣬵վѰ̽Ѩһ龧ھһϤԣܷ龧ȴ޷ھҪķѴʱ䣬Ϊǹȥڣڲ£пܵ龧𣬶һ龧̵ǻйһ龧ĹЧȻͻۿۡ
ԣһǰͷ龧󣬵ֱȴھͲһˣΪĴߣ龧Ŀڣȴ⣬ûκ˿ԺȣһǳϤټ֮ͨɾƿظӾԿȻǷǳס
ܿ죬ӵص뿪»صϡ
ɨܣʺɫѪˮʣȾƬ棬ʬ˵ڵϣطͬһƬԴˣıƽû㲨
ЩˣɱǣǾҪɱˣα飿
ߵһߣ׻ʳκ׺յͷ­÷ڵأһᴩȵĶڵ档ͷ­ǰһġ֣֡漴ת뿪ţ׻ʳһ˸ڼֺ֪˭Ϊ
Ҫ׻ʳЩˣɱģ龧ģ
ݺݴ
ʢ޻в׾ݵ㣬һȥƷ
ԶȥΨеĮƮڿС


659 ʮ˾ݵ
ʳʱ׻ʳ鱨Ƭ龧Ҫģ׻ʳʢ޵һݵ㣬ڸǡ
ϴŵĮЦɫɽܿڿն𣬳ŶϷȥ

ʱ䣬һιȥա
ռ䣬׻ʳĻԼһһЩﲻüΪǰһʱʱ龧ÿռ䶼ϢأȥգȴһϢҲûٴƬյңǰƬ̽ӵҲûлһĻͼﶼЩ֡
£׻ǲʮʿʮ˺ܿ龧ڵƬɫɽĿʬҰѪˮȾһƬƬ档
⡭
ô᣿ô
ʲô
ʮ˸ɫұ䡣
ܿ죬˷λãڵϵκ׺յͷ­ʱٴαɫ
ӣ
ʮ˻̿֡
ԼһӣȻֻʣһͷ­˲̵Ķڵϣ
κ׺գͨ찡
ʮսսһ˲Ƿͷ­ǰǸ޴ġ֣֡ʱһ
֣֣ǡ죿
˽г
ʮ˶£ɫףûзŭǻȫͻ̿Ƭˣȫնˣͨκ׺գ
龧󣡡
ͻȻ˽еæӿԾµصףƬɫʯǰ
ȥֲڵĳɫʯѾȫ䣬һƬտΨһЩȱ龧ӵڵϣʮǺݺһ龧󡭡ʧˣ
ʮ˸ֽ֣̿ŷͬ㣬ͷϼѾ亹
Ҳ֪˶ãʮ˲ǲŴƬɽ뿪κ׺յͷ­ص׻ʳһϵĴֵ̿Ľһ׻
õϢ׻סˣűصκ׺յͷ­˻£̲ס𣬿ֲɱ糱ˮɢ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʮ˲ôǿܹס׻ɱʱ˴ѣȿֲϢı顣
ͬһʱ䣬ⷽҲǽ壬Ȼ̮
죡
һɱŭڴʳϿյĲֱ˴Ƭ
׻ȳھѪ
ˣһ벽۷峤ϣĵӣȫɱһֵ龧ҲǱȥǺεȵʧڣ׻ûȥΪʲô֪Ƭ龧ĴڣֻĻɱ⡣
ɱϧһдۣ
쳹׻ʳ

תۣչȥ
һ죬ܺãһƾżᵽһƻ㡣
Ҳһ죬粽һйʷĲɣǳ⡣
ͨݳǡ
΢С
ʢ޺󣬱鲼ȻȻҲĹųǣҲǧǧǳؼ䣬ȴʮΪͨݳǱ֮һ
Уȥڸ¥ܶ࣬н֯һŨŨϢУֵϣŲʿ󲿷ֶǴʶ硣
ǣ
֡죿
ǰĹܭǻٵ׻ʳһݵ󣬾ʧˣЩӣ׻ʳڸ׷ɱôˣȻȻһҲڣ
ܿ죬ȺԷ졣
˶ǵۡ
ǰգںɫɽնɱ׻ʳһ˵£ֻ׻ʳԼ֪ûдΪǸطΪ֪ûκ˿ɱ׻ʳӵˡЩ֪£֮ǰĹܭѸ׻ʳĶоͻٵĹܭڵ׻ʳľݵ¡ʱȥգͻȻͨݳУȻһʿͷɻ
ڣ׻ʳѰңɶڷ׷ɱ뽫֮նȻôҡڵĳ֣⡭
˲졣
ǿ
˵
ò˵֣ڳ˵
һСʿȺ׵ţڣѰҺ׻ʳȴʼܺúõĻţõжԵĸԱһ˸˽׵šڱ׻ʳѰ׷ɱʱȴûаη壬˼ɵͨݳǣı¶ټܲһǿ֣
˿̶죬˶̾âǸо̫ǿˣ̫ˡ
ƽûֵϵʿۺͿı飬ƽܿǳصǣһߴĸ¥ǰ
Ųʿһؾ룬ԶԶ֪ͯ۳ʲô¥ǰʱ˶ɫһ䣬ۡ
⡭ǣ
׻ʳͨݳġҩ󡣡
⣬Ҫ
˼һط׻ʳͨݳǵһݵ㣬Ȼһ˲䣬˶ͷһ⡣
ûж粽С
ʱβȺȴǲҸȥˣһԶԶĿţڣв˳ź˺üЦ׻ʳµľݵ㣬ҪΪǺ쿿̫ͬǿɾͲˡ
źֱֱĶŰҩڡ
죿
ܿ죬оŭд
һ̣ŭǻ˲ҽ
¥𶯣ʮʿгɫ΢ף׻ʳˡ
淢ʲô
ֵϣʵ
ʮʿ£ֱܳ¥Զͣ˶ţǸ֣֡

ҽдӸ¥ﴫֱӴ˵Ļ
죬㾹Ȼ
岻Ź㡭
ס֣
ˣ

ҽ;ʱʱһѪڸ¥ϣһƬ̺졣
ֵϣȺУֻоͷƤһ顣
ڣЩ˲Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
ˣܿһӹȥ
һӺӸ¥߳ԵƵᣬڿնת뿪ͨݳǡ
ֱֹȥʮ󣬵ӰʧҰУмʿ¥ŵıԵȥһ⼸˶ʱݺһɪɪ
ȥƬ¥ڣͨߣȫɱʬһ߾ߵĵڵϣɲǰ¥ϣһѪɫġ֡ôĴĿ
⣬⡭
⼸ֹסĶ¡
ܿ죬Ϣϯʮͬϵ˳㣬ٶȿľˡ׻ʳһĹܭǵľݵ㱻ٵͨݳǵľݵҲ˵٣µˣȻΪͬһˣ죡ʱ䣬ʢһ
׻ʳĹܭڵľݵֽһͨݳǵľݵˣ죬ǡݣ񣡡
Ǹɷǣ
ħ
ʿۡ
ʱһһǳڣʢʮ֮һΪǡ
УȻ׻ʳһݵ㣬潫һĸ
УԼʱ߳ôһƬʧٴδ׻ʳڷǵľݵ㣬٣
߳ǣɫƽһط
ܿ죬ʢޱһηڣһϢͬ˳㲻Ͼ
ľڣ׻ʳǧ󱻻٣
׻ʳ¥٣
ڤ׳ǡ
ҹǡ
ǡ
һĲ
̶̰ʱ䣬׻ʳʮ˸ݵ㣡


660 ǳ
ʢ޶Щˣ׻ʳƬ޾£ȴȻһСʿʮ˸ݵ㣬ǧ꣬ʢ޺£
⣬׻ʳĴǹƵѪ
Ѫ޵Ӧöˡ
ɲǣ
ۡ
ʳ֮һһСʿ˴˲ɵ׻ʳеؿۡ
Ҳǻá
˵
һգĹܭǽһʶ̻ķʽչ֣˶ݣȻûйϵҲЩƽ׻ʳʵ̫
ȷʵǣ
˸͡
һ룬Լȳ˷ҧһڣ˭ܣ˭ûл

׻ʳ
ŭһλôһ죬״ڣһļһ𣬸ŭ
龧ᣬκ׺ձն²Ÿ꣬쾹Ȼٴγ֣׻ʳʮ˸ݵ㣡
壬
ɱϧһУ
˵ͺ
һ죬һǿ߳ɱⰻȻͬҪѣʢ׷Ѱ죬ʢ޵粻ľȻһգһȴҲѰټ죬·ֱӴʢʧһ㣬ôҲҲ

ϣףĲ
һСɽ䣬Ųӣúһʯ¡ʯܵ䣬ԵЩȣǰˮײʯϵ졣
һƬɽһСãĻǵ治ˣܰ
ںɫɽƬ龧ն˰κ׺ڵˣֽ׻ʳʮ˸ݵ㣬˫ڶʱȾѪˮľѾǳͬڱ׻ʳʱǰɱ̫ħǣһɱ¾ѰһƬĵطϪҲžԵĺô
ңɱӣʮ˾ݵ㣬ôһϵе£׻ʳԻΪ֮񣬰ٷ֮ٻɳǿ߳׷ɱܻдǿˣڷŻľʱҲÿ֮ܿȫȫ顣
ʯϣľϪżмֻһƬ͡
Կȥأǰˡ

ͰѾͽ˵ɲ£ﵽͨɾΣӦҲԿϵˡңҲȷʵͦõġ

΢ԶƮһƬƬҶдһµʪ˺
˫ۣȻһһݣһʯһľԱ
飬飬ľ飬ˮ飬ʯ飬дڵĵ

תֻǼ򵥵ı˫ۣʹƬССɽС
ԼһƷ磬
ԼһƬҶɡ
ԼһˮҶϡ
ԼһˮΡ
Լһľڡ
أȻ
أ͡
໥֯ڴϢ
ˣ
ʯϣתɫֶƽʥǳ
ʱ䣬һš
һɫƽͣŵЦ⣬ֻʼ΢΢˫Ŀ·𿴵ؼõģĹâøʥһ첨תͷĺ΢΢һͫжʱһƲ˼Ĺ⡣
ֲǵ
ͨɾѣȻ˴
΢΢񣬺ûд죬ֻǱýͫѲܣעһСΪ벽ڣʱ򣬶ԣǳҪ
һ죬ܿȥ졭
졭
졭
졭
תۣմҴҶš
ռ䣬ʳ߲ݣȴԽԽǿʢɫҲԽԽá
Ҳһ죬˫ۣת
죬죬أǵأʱȴ˺ܶࡣ
ȥˣ
ʺԡ
ա
Դ
գһ㶣ôã
оԼǾһᣬһЩȴ룬һվ͹ȥˡ
ܺķʱ䡣
Ի򵥡
һ㶣ˣֶӦǰ벽֮Ȼڵ֮׽һ˿ȴǵµĵ̣ʱֻڲϰĵͺñʼʱġ㲻
ʱȴǲһʯϣûκ˵Լץס˵
ãģʲô
ʺԡ
ʱȻеֻǸоرøЩ
һ˲ϢƺΪһ壬ͲľϣȻ
Գ
ؼǧȻǰʮ
ȻȻһ룬ڵ֮һ˿µȻ֮￿ԼӦҲʱйءţһЦȻʺҡ
·ûô͡
ĵǲȻ
ݻԼĵôΪսΪսɡ
ʲʺϣԿ϶ǣʱȻһ˿ڣʵضһ
˵
Ȼ
ͷ
ʱܹĸоԼľǿһЩ֪Ҳ˲٣ȻΪûʲô仯ǣţսøǿˡ״̬ǰκ׺յһսܿ϶ԸɵĽԷնɱ
ţ
ͻȻƫͷԶȥ
Լʮ⣬ӰһΪ꣬һΪŮСϪС
ʱһ㶣Ȼˡ
ˣȻӺŶ
ͬһʱ䣬ӺŶҲ죬Щ⡣ҲֻɲǼѣ˺ָܿɺƽ
ʯһǰӼ񣺡ǰ
̸ֻΣȴǶԶԷأˣźȻ
һɫԵЩ΢ףԱȳ࣬ҲǶ΢΢ͷϴΣøǿˡɳƣҲǳᣬһĸоȻʵ϶ۣҲȷʵ㡣
ǰĸЩ棬ʵǰΪˣ
ˣߣѡ
ӵ
ɺᣬǳƽ
˵ɣҲˡЦſڣǽĿԱߵŮϣкŶá
Ůһȹ毺ãϴ񾲵ЦҽܣŶ˵ţ죺ΪֱӺӵˡ
Σһ룬ʱֻǺӼ񽲻˰κŮкǺŮĴڡ
ΣŶЦҾ˵˵û˼⡣˵⻰ĿͷĺϣƯ۾գ£Ǵиߵλ벽ѣܲܺһ£
һ
һ˲ȴǵͷȻǿԵġ
лл
ŶлȻֱ֣Դͷ˹ȥ
죺
ǳ
Щա


661 ˲
쵱Щμ溹գԺôǰ벽Ӧô˰ϣȴǱŶ˫ֱǰڱһֻСá
ĻŶǾЩ֣֪û
Լңǰ´Եʮרע
ԣ
죺
֪ı֣￴񾲰ȴôȻĸо
գЩܲ˱ڡһ£ڿն»صͷſȥ
ŶȻûϵһĻʱһ£ʶƫͷ졣
죺
ǰʱһսЩˡ
ɵ
ˣ𣿡
Ŷʵ
ҡͷƲأѾҪָˡ
ŶҲҪͺԡˡ¶ЩЦʮ˾ݵ㣬ʮս㻹ƺ뵽ʲôֽŵ׻ʳƵĿ췢ˣ׷ɱ㣬˵벽ǿǲʮ
Ȼڱ촫¡
һЦҿǱ۸ĺܲңֳܱܲĬɡ
ս
ŶЦ
СɽֵŨľȴҲļΪΪһСϪܱߵĻҲĺܺãԵ÷ǳ¡
ʦߣҪһ𣿡
Ŷ졣
ð
Цŵͷ
ƬСɽ滺ľҲûʲô£Է룬ȻӦ
С峺һЩʯУˮײʯϺ󣬷죬Եʮְú뿪СϪƬСֵطʱʱһЩСһЩǿޡ
Щڿʱ׹⣬һ˵ֱ˹Ҳ˹һ˲䣬ûд˶֣ȴһֶҲǿ־ſһҲҶ
磬ǿΪﵽ˼£ȼֻǳŶ˵ͷѴڰ벽ΣЩͨ޸ӦɢĵȻΣֻܿ־峼
ͷ㶮ͦࡣ
Ͽġ
ŶЦ
ͽСɽּ䣬ӵĻȽ٣һֱŶڽ̸
úɫû谵Լǳ֡
˲ߣһƬԿտĵطͣ£һ
򵥵һҹܿȥ
ٴ·СɽͽУһαʱȥ
ռ䣬ߵĺܼ򵥣ޣǱȻɢˡңУŶѰһЩʳģЩĢϣ˼μ򵥵ĴʳζȻ嵭ȴҲ㣬ʳ֮ʹǰ΢
ܿ죬չȥ
һ죬˽ƬСɽּߵ˾ͷ׼ػˡ
Сģء
Ŷָ
ͷĿʦͽԶȥֱѾ˲תһȥ
ɽգĺøȹ̼ʵϵϢһƬƽͣ򵥿ȥһʿ
һգɽּ䣬Ҳ˳ȥ
죬ֱԣҹ
˫ȣٶһֻֻ֣һֱֻ㣬ҲӦս
ųֻ֪أ
Ÿ߳ɽ䣬׻ʳڣѰңڽңȫһˣʶʿڽսţ·һ㣬׾ͿԲ
УѰҵ˻輰輰ļˡ
ҰĶ£ûֳˣ
︸ĸһСֻҶڰиЩСعĳ󣡡
СүȻֻǴʶΣҲһŲ㣡
һ߳ſ
ЩжʱһĨ⣬Ƭʱڹ¶Ժ󣬲ĸƬҲĸףΪӣѪǸĸģĸ裬οƽȻҲЩֻǹΪȥнǿߵɱ
н֯Ĺ⣬кֳһʯϲܼƣˣȴҲһɷǳϢ֯ĺԶһ
ԭֱǰأ뿪ǰٺúõķһκˡˣǾ仰ô˵šǴűпЦ˲ꡣ
ƽٶȴ켫һʮԶܿʧڵƽ߾ͷ

죬
׼ڹ굱һų򣡡
Ǹ︸ĸСһҶǷ
Сү弶ֻһָԾһָͷֱѪ
С
Ѱһ߳񵽼㡣
ȻһЩû˿ϵ˶ҡͷЩҲµ˽һǹＤ죬֣ȴǾЩˡ
С׼𣿣
Сүһָһս㾹ȻҲӦãȻˣСү˫˫֣ɸӦս
С棡
һ𣬳ơ
ЩֱӺˣɽУ󣬳һƬɽǰȥɽ佻֯һϼ⣬зǳ˵Ϣš
ɽģһƬƬĵʣΰݻһּΪϵɸС
ΪѰҵ֮ء
طЦɽһ֦¡
ʱ䣬ܿȥʱ
Ƭɽ䣬ʮӰ˳ˡ
ȥ֮£ֻɣ񡣡
Ϊ׵˵
˵дǿ߳ڰУֻӳ֣ȫɱ֮
𣿡
д˳ȥ
Ϊ׵ͷǵ񣬾죬
˽ˣ
˵̣֪֮ܲܽ
ԣ֮ǵж񶾾Ҫ񶾣ֻҪܽøҲûʲôˣ
ڴС֡
Ц
Ҳʱһ𣺡Ȼôڴұкãǡ
գ£һʮǰ
ʱ䣬һȫɫ
㡭
ô
ط
ʮ־ֿ֡
ǣطΪһ֮д򣬿ȴǸߵطֵȴǣѾʢޣһȺУΪǿҲֻǲղζѣ챾˱Ƶǰܲ£
壬֪ͨǣ
Ϊ׵е
ʱʮͬʱˣɽеĽȥͬʱ󺰡ˡ
ôڴҳ֣ҳˣȴȫӶݣô
쵭Ц
վԭأûжȴһ˸ʮռȫˣʮѲˣҲһȥ


662 ɷ
ʮ˻֣ܼ̿ɫƽ֯Уܵ·ȫϣӶŽڴ󺰣ȴ֣ƺûдȥΪٽһСľϵķߣûܵ㾪ţȻǲǵĺ
㣬㡭
һʱ䣬ʮ˶죬壬ɪɪ
̫ʢˣǿԵеù
ƽʮˣûж˵ʲôгһǰȥ
ʱ䣬ʮǲ
㣬ʲ
ﬣ
һ˵ˣﻹ꣬۵һնͷ­
ѪˮڿУ˸־塣
Щ˾£һȱȫ죬ǣȴֶڷ˫ǿ־ı飬ȻΪ׵վҲ⡣
ڴҳ֣ҳˣǲӦøΪʲôܿ־壿
쵭Ц
һгһƬâն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۼ䣬˵ѪУ
ʱЩ˸ӿ־һֲòˡ
ֻǵЦҲƽӽĶҲһĺ⡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һΣ˱նѪȾ档
ҪңһֵܹȻǣ
˵ȴֹסĶ¡
ƫͷֱһն˹ȥ
۵һڵ˱նϣѪˮһضǡ
ƽ̧֣ٴλӽ
ﬣ
Х̶ϯ
һʱ䣬ѪˮһתǼʬ嵹ڵ¡
ѾﵽͨɾΣ֮ǰգʹüʵǿʮˣôĶ֣ûκ˿Եһ

ҪҪɱҡ

ţŹǰ
ϣȡ
ҽֲͬ֯һÿһ˿־塣
ƽеĳһδλӳ
ڵˣḾ֮ʵ顣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһըתۼ䣬ʮ˻ʣΪ׵һ껹š
ɱңɱҡ
˿־壬˫һ²סĲŵŵŵĺˡ
𳤽һαǰԷֺĴ䲱ϣȥǵļǣѰң治˶ˣܿͻʢ޴ϳֻһ˲䡣˵⻰΢һƷӡʯƮϢ䵽¶ڡ
ɡ
ջ֣֮ǰµķҲһɢȥ
ﻹͣһ־ĳȥ
վԭأ˳Žȥ΢¶һĨ֮ɫ
ӦԶһЩ
˵
ǰƮȻˣתۼ뿪ⷽɽԶ

ɽļȥܳԶһڵϣǿ־壬ȻڱӵĹУҲֹסķ
ڣҲ֪˶ãܵ˼Ĵǰ
ôֻˣ
ţһѪô£
ʲô
Ҵǰмǿأܻأģüͷ
ˣ֡Ǹ졭ˣ
¡
ʲô
ͥļ˽Ǳɫ
Ȼҵ

һĳȥЩأ
˾ŭ
ˣˡţ˲ø߼ϸ߼ǣ˵⻰˾ֱŽλõѰȥһһߴ󺰣ϣǣˣˣ
ʲôǸȻˣ
Ķڲٹˣ
ɱⲿžҽУ
ڣһʿ
ʱЩûȥһѪǱģ
ܿ죬ܵѰڣһļȫڣʲôҵļҲֻԱ˿̣ô涼üͷһ壬Ҽɫһʲô
ѰΪһʥһڣ㴳룬ҼȻϲ
ӭŽҼɫ겻ɵòһ£ܿǴǣ졭ˣ
ʲô
Ҽʱɫһ䡣
Ҽ˹

˺ȵ
һʱ䣬ǿĵ򲨶ͱɱ֯һ
ڡɽ⣬ɱɱǸˣ
˶š
ҼڽǴڴΣԺǱøɭ
Сҿҽ֮
Ķ
һȥһΣҲߣ
纮ֱ⡣
һ̣⼸ָһˢˢꡣ
ϣʲô
һ˳ʵ
ʱ򣬼˳ʱͻȻϷһɼΪĲ·һͷħϣǿǶɵͷһ
ӭżڵЩη壬ûûУʲôҲû˵ţԼͳһʯ漴һۣ͵һ£еʯֱڵϣ⣬ⲻҵĶ
ʯڵϣһƽ֯ϣһƬŵĻԹ⡣
ǣ
ƣ
㡭ʲôģ
ʯҼڸɫһ̣ǲΪʯƵĴڣΪڶ΢СʯʱǲĶͷ֮ǰоǵȲϢŨˣ·ڳһ㡣

ͬһʱ䣬ɽ⼫Զĵطһ۲ԶԶŽ֮
վطֻԼ俴ҵСƬӰԵЩģ
ʱ䣬Ӧòˡ˫΢̧һӡըɡ
΢⽻ָ֯ˣƮڿС
ڵĵطһУԵ÷ǳƽ
ȻڣѰڣȭͷСʯȴǺһϵܼƣʼһıѡ
ܿ죬ܼȫ鿪һ΢ûʯڣʹʯڶ𶯣һһѺۡ
̼䣬һɫѺ۴ƮʩʩȻѰС
֯ű䣬ʱⷽ˽һ
ˣ
һھִ𣬿ٳ⡣
ϧˡ
䣡
ʯȻըͬһ˲˵Ĵţ纣ˣ֯ſֲɷɲǼ佫ͽҼûֱӻŨˮ
֮ɫͣ£ͬɳ㳯˷ϯȥ
ңʱͬ˳㣬֮١
ô£
ڣʿɻͼſ񱩺ɷڱ˸졣


663 Ѱ֮
ɫڱ˸죬ͬ۳һƬ󣬺ƺƵĳɢʱĿһĻĽӵǽǾ֣ûһԥͷܡ
ϧһƬ˭ӵˣ
䣡
նͬ˰תۼ佫һжûеĽӵܣһɲǼ仯ŨˮȻͨɾҲ⡣
תۼ䣬Ҷ֡
ûвҽУΪŵˣֻһ˲ͱˣûʹԡ
𶯣ɫڣһ·ӣɽɢȥ
վڼԶĵطңңŽڵķֻųӿŷӽڵɽĳӣ֮ԭֲһ˲ǿήҶ䣬ľ֦
˸֪ʯޱȿֲħɷϢǴ˿̣ۼһĻʱȴļ£ȻͷĺҲǲɵòһ£ͫ
䣡
ɫ˳ɢɽɿĳӣûаҪͣļֱ֮ȥʮȳֹͣ˳졣ʱ򣬽ڵɽȫˡ
ԶԶȥڵɽռЩ谵ԭһƬϼ⽻֯ƬɽŲĺһɽ
һƽ
лһĨĹ⣬һ˿ЦԾ£һŽڵķȥܿ죬ɽԵطǰ֯ѾǻನȻˣΪȴɾЩ
תƻ壬Լͺ֣ǿС
ŵ棬ԭرڣǱīˮȾİ㡣;ߣߣ֦ҶïĴľҲֻʣ˸ɿݵɺ֦ɣİܡ
߹ԼԶ΢΢פ㣬Աߵһľᴥһ¡
͵һήľֱӷ飬һƬɫĻҳڵϡ
΢΢һɫӿǽһжˡ

ٴһǼŽڵĴȥ
ܿ죬Ҵǰͣ¡
Ѱҡ
΢
ȥƣԭĵʱ򣬱һƬɫ
̼ͬѬİ㡣
ûһʬ壬ֻһ̯̯ɫŨѪͣһ£ǿţŽڲȥУ֣ҸַǷͤȣɽȣλöһ֮֡
һЦǲϧվǻˡ
ڽڣһȥ
ܿ죬߹طÿһǳϢһֱ֮С
ҲʱǰɳƵʹ߸ڵϣưܣطʴˣɭɭ׹ǿɼǿɼѾûҵ㣬ϵϢҲޱ˥Աȵʿ
Ȼ˻š
쵭Ц
һˣҲ֪ˣǽҵļڣ۷ʱӦöǴΪ
ͷʱɫ־ŭͬ㶢졣
󡭡⣬ģ
˸Ŀѣ˫Ŀͨ졣
ʯϵһƣУ˭᲻ôһ£
ҡǲĴҳˣǲˣˣϴŵЦ⣺⣬ǵ𣿡
㡭
󡭡㡭㾹Ȼ£
ҡңȫȫˣ㡭úݵģ
ӿѪݺᡣ
ҪϧȴҲվʯըʱǾ;λãǵ˵̫ˣܹѾ漣ˡ
ģ
Ц
гƷɱ̧һߵն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ɲǼȫն
Ϊ˴ȡ㽭һδǲڸ׷ɱң֮ѹңڣȴģһ䣬Ҵỵ̂˵Һģ㽭ߵһiҪԹĲңԼԼֱˣ
ģңѣ䶯ҪؾۣѪɿݣѾ޷ؾưֻܷܵɳƵĲҽС
˺Ѫˮ˻𣺡ãġ㡭㡭ᣬк³ģ
˸Ŀݺᣬȴͬ㣬ԹĶ졣
ֱ飬á
Ц
еĽٴ۵һк³ߵͷ­ն顣漴ʶϯ˵ĲȱҲĥ
㡭

СϷ򡭡ްް
˻
˺ȥ˺ҧ죬ϧȴûһ
ްɣԽǳޣҾԽˡ

ɽͬϰ㣬ڵն飬ʶѹ£˵飬ʹ˳
ɽˣʲôԣ
һ񣬸ӷŭ
ҡҵȡҲҲŹ㣡
ݺᣬɳƣǳޡ
첻м𣿡
ƽ֣ɽնķѣٴʶѹ£˵顣
ˣҾڵˣȫ

˿˿ƮţǱ䣬һƺ
ƻ壬ͺԣۣ⳯ܿŽȥ
ܴ󣬵ȴǻưˣطǺһƬ
ȿǽ÷ͨĸ¥¥˲٣УеͨرɷʴˣѾǿرݡ
˳ⷽ¥Ⱥ߹÷ű鵤ĵط÷ͨرĸ¥޼ųɾŵıʧȥԣųɾŵ鵤ҩʧȥ˵Ч
ϧˡ
ϧ
߹ͨ󣬱鵤ֻõһƷͰöıһЩҩĵȣһ궼ûУȫɫ»˷Ʒ
һߣúҪһһʯŷգϿĸ֣龧⣡
ƿʯŲУʯźĿռǳ󣬶ɽһ龧Ȼʱ˿̣龧ԭеûˣ龧һƬڣͬһúʯ㡣
ʱЩۣԹ£龧Գ˰ڣĿһ龧ȫīڡ
ڳٿʹõ龧
ת˸ⷽ⡣
ԼһʱͣڳԼҿʹõ龧
龧ֻô㻹ãʱøʹˡ
ˣҲû취¡
գֻԹԵҡҡͷΪʵҪٽңֻܿʯ֮ʯۼħɷϢܸʴһУ龧ѾǺܲˡ
ⷽ⣬ưܵĽңкâ֣΢΢˫ۣһƺһɱңصƬưܵĽأٴθЦ


664 һһ
ѰҵȻٵˣһȴ˳ȥͼһʿɱˣɲԸöԷţϾһǿߣöԷţֱܻʣʿǷǳǿ
û뿪ڣŵ˸ɿܣͬʱûص¡
ص׿ռ⣬ȴɫɷһֱϢص磬̽շֻȴҲǲˡ
ʣˡҲ֪һ֮ǰܹŶ
ԲµĵʼʱҵײԲֹҲǳʮֻʣȻΪʯըɷȾˡ
ʵϵЩľǿʯ̵ħɷϢʵ̫ˣ
ص磬ƺûͬ׵ʱֽƣƺҲʯ̵ɷˡ
΢ۡ
ŵصĽƲˣԣȻһ¡
ŵ˸һûصףгһ
ŽҵĲأʼ̻ɱΪﵽͨɾΣʵٴο̻ɱʱԵࡣԼķһҵʱ䣬ӡɱӡ֮С
ˡ

ƫͷŽ⿴ۣ漴߳һʮԶڼԶ

ʱĺܿ죬תչȥ
⼸죬潭žЩŹ֣֮ǰ˵һһҪ߳һ죬֣ɵ˼죬˵Ҫ߳ˣȴǸɻ壬ȴһӦҲûС
󣬽δûа㷴Ӧһİ
ģͷһɲĸоˣԶ壬ͬһĻнһǳɫţΪǴͨɲΡ
֮󣬲ûкķѶãŵ˱ǳڽڵɽ⡣
ǰһ˲䣬˽Ǻݺһ
ȥԭⰻȻĽɽȴһƬ谵ľȫήˣƮһƺԶҵѾƲû˰
ң塭
ô
еŲɫ䡣
żʱ䣬ҾȻ
ಣ
ƿ𣬽һһ̱ǳڽڡ
ڣĿһƬƣʲôҲֻصŨˮŲ߹Ƶļ壬λã˵ϽļưʬЩʬѾ׿ǣŻ˳ЩʬֵܣͬΪļˡ
˭˭
˻ֱӿȳһھѪ
ôʱ䣬ԭúõѰңȻתۼͱӣ
ļǿߣֵ㣬ȫˣ
⡭
ô
ҵҲ˹ʱ΢΢Ǿͻҡ
ң˻ٵˣ
ڻˡ
ʱԶһƽ
ǧ⣬쾲ڲϣ㸩·΢΢š
̧ͷһʱ䣬ٴαɫ
죿㣡
һ̲סг
ô£
Ǵ
ұ٣ʵѾµЩʲôȴԸš콫Ūģôܣôʵ
ƻƣǿ׳һŽţǻ˵ôһ¡
ʱ䣬һԱߵҲһ
㡭ô
ƾ㣿ܣ⵽ôһ£
Ŵ
ŸûаĶܲĻȴһֱӳɱȥ̼䣬εɢ򲨶ͬӿ
Ц˫ֽӡâơ
䣡
ڣɱ̼ѣɱ
ͨɾοӡɱ󣬿ɱȵ˲٣һʱ䣬ڵĿռ䵱̮˵ɱͬҪ˵궼һ㣬
ǡ
ۣ
һűɫһ̱Ǳʮɱ
ͬһʱ䣬һųĻȴסɱ֮Ļ˲ϢǱ飬ܼɱ£ֱӽ֮ɱһƬѪ
һĻ̫ˣȻֹסλȥȣȴûܸϡ

˻һѪ
屻ٳڵӵȫ⣬ļֵܲżŻ壬ȴҲԼǰɱ
źޣ޵Ŀѡ
ɱ㣡
𣬽ɱţȥ
ԴˣֻǵĮһЦ
ɽԶԶŽţٴ̧֣һӡ
˲Ϣҵصףϵ޾ƹâһֱըһʱ䣬Ҵ𶯣ص뿪һɻصĲƽ
λλãֱӱǱըĻûС
䣡
һɴˣըԭͲƲĽس̮
񱩵Ļϯʮһ֮ʣһѿмСڶֲֶˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãĹâڰ̳֮⽫֡
ʱ򣬽ҳױˣеͥȫ٣һƬƬһȼա
¡
ܼѪķ۶ܿ죬һӰؾ۶ȻǽţûбըʱĻ𡣲Ȼûǣȴǲ԰һƬϢҲ˥ĵز۷ʱһ
죡
˻
ڡ
Ӧ
ʱ粽ϣֱӴԶڡ
˵һһͼչֳ
ͬһʱ䣬ͷԵͺһԾʼǣʮɴС
·

ֻͼâ貣֯ʥǿֱӽŸǡ
ֻͼ֮󣬺ſڣʹȫһԵڹɷѹǰ
ۣ
ûаʣɲǼѣٴα顣
ɱϷҪ
ŵ
򲨶ӿѪͬΪٴγؾۡ
Ϊˣ֮ǰɱĴǿѾкüһɱ㣿
쵭Įڡ
˵һֻͼâţֱӳѹ
ǿֻ壬ֻͼꡣ
ҽУ˲Ϣ𣺡㡭ʲʲô
ɱĶ

ûʲôȫ߶ֻͼͼݺһ𣬵֮飬ͬҲһС

ٴαðСſͷ
ˡ

ҵһ汻ɱҲɱЩӵܣȫû˰вЩУǿҲֻǲվζѡ
ưܵĽڣͬ׻ʳ龧ʱǰ㣬һġ֣֡漴תȥ


665 ֮
뿪֮첻ú߽һƬɽɽľһ꣬ݵȶܷܣһͨĵĸоһЩС·ʳ֮ȥ
׼ʳĴǰȥˡ
ѩҹ
뵽𻯵ŮȻЩֱؽ򣬵ȴҲ֪ȻʢޣΪں׻ʳĹϵҲ޷𻯵ţ𻯵ŵˣκϵ򣬱һ𻯵ѡ
Ҳ뵽ƣΪͦᣬȴվΪʢҲ˸㾫âҪȥ߲򣬻øǿгһգػʢޣض̤գն񷣬ں׻ʳ
ǿΪߵ磬ʵǵ

Ͽ仰ǣƬ淨ϿɣȴҪȥӦΪӦ淨ҪǿĸǿȻ󣬱䵽ǿֻӵǿӦһеˣܱԼ˺ѡ
ģһǰȥ
طʳԶȻշУҲúķѴԼʱ䣬Ǵ˿̣ȴȻѾҪ뿪ʢǰأյʱ䣬Ȼò̫⡣ƽѩҹ˵£Ҳһ¡
ʢޣû񽣵ĽƬ
ʶڵ񽣣겻ȫӦǱˣֲʮľش֮ǰһʱ䣬ڸѰ龧ΪʱȥѰҹƬȴ޹Χ˵ƬʢޣѾȹ˴룬һЩطɽ䣬ħĵߣ߹ˣȴӦ񽣵ĽƬ
֪ǷнƬڣ򶼲ⶫ

ƲƬ鲼ʮҲ²ÿһӦöһֽƬվֻǲ²⣬ʵϾΣ޷ٷ֮ٿ϶
ˣȥغ󣬽̽һȦҲǰ򡣡
е
ƽԶȥԵúʡ

ʱţһչȥ
һ죬һʿѰڵƬɽһ˾㤵Ļ棬ԭȻĽ֮ȴǱ谵ƣֲȫ˿ľ泹ױڣԶԶȥһƬƬȫ̮ˡ
һ˺ȻеӺܴΪ׵ļڿնڣ˽״̮ķѣ׻һƬ档ңطܹĸолԵĲ֯š
ͬһʱ䣬ƵĽڣһġ֡ôĴĿ
һ˲䣬ʿһֻоͻأѩԨ֮¡
֡֡
˶¡
ֻһ֣ǣȴ˵һˡ
ܿ죬Ϣϯȥת۴ʢޡѰұˣУ
һ˲䣬ʢٴδ𶯡
Ϣ˲ţǣһЩԸڵƬɽʱۼŽ֮Ĳҿʱȴһ
Ǻʢ޾һ籩
̽׵֮죬ͬһˣһСʿѰңҲٵˣ
ѰҰȻȻ
һʵǿڰԶǽ׵ſɱȣң׵ʧȥ̫ϳϺһͨɳϺʮϣ˲űԻ𣬿ɣɽңǴڶʢ״̬죬ôٵ˽ң
ֻ֪֪ƬɽױɷƣǻһƬɽԶԶһ۶˼ָоԶԶĿŵһ㡣
ħ
⣬ˡֱ
ʢ޽񣬽
׵Ϊʮ֮һǰһʱ䱻٣ѾʢǧĵĴˣʢ޵ʷᣬ֮Źȥ¶ѣڵѰҲٵˣͬһ
һһЩӵܲΪ֮ǰ죬ͼ֣Ӷӹһ٣ϢЩ̷ɱ壬ǿһҿµĻ档һʱ䣬Щӵܸ־
ټļ壬ôûˣ
պЩˣúȥδӣ

ڡ
һҰڱһֱɼ̫ϳճʱϢ̫ϳ϶ǲɵɫ΢䡣ǰʱ䣬׵ű٣ŹȥãڵѰҾȻҲˣһ̣߲ɵòǸоһǱڵľ޴в
У뾡ɱɳȥˣ
£һȥһҪɱ
ã
̫ϳҧ
һ죬ڵ̫ϳڣ̫ϳϸ߿գƵŨĵ򲨶ɱţһڵӸ

׻ʳ
ңˣ
һĻһ
Ѱңʵ׻ʳȻ޷ȣԶǣôᣬôܹٵѰң³̶ȲԶȻ׻ʳҲǸоһ˿޴ѹɳĻᣬٹʮʮ꣬죬ָǿ󵽺̶ֳȣ׻ʳǸв
ңһҳɱ
һĻȵ
£׻ʳǲǿߣʢ׷Ѱ죬ȻȴʼѰټ죬·Ǵؼ䳹ʧ˰㣬׻ʳһڴﶼɫÿһδεģû׷ѰһȻ׻ʳʵˣܸʢޣȴҲʲôҲˣ˱
ȥӰæټϧһҲҪ
׻ͺ
ʢޣתۼΪ֮ڣڼԳ׷Ѱټͬһʱ䣬׻ʳҲǴǿ߳ʢޱߣ޵Ϊ֮

תۣչȥ
ʱ䣬һƬƬƫԶɽֶУƽľԵþЩ
Ҳһ죬߳һƬ֣ٽʳɽڡ
طʳȻѾǲƫԶһʿܿЩʿʳȥΨһЩΪһʿ۴С
ڼ̫ϳһ߳׻ʳǲǿߣһУֻΪһСʿǹˣ
ɲǣһŶʮҵСʿûκκԮȴһٶ粨ʢļΪ֮󶯣ǧһˡ
󣡡
ˣǾǸ
ڣʢ޵綼ˣֱĻ̡̻
ǣΪں׻ʳεĴ޵ȷʵЩˡ
ʲô޵Ҳһ¶ѣʵûʲôӰ죬˴ѡ˵׻ʳ룬ټ׷ɱ죬ɶֱԾܾ׻ʳ߳ŭֱӳֽӵĵӸץߣҲڣвӾͷ
һۡ
ԶѾҪٽʳɽԺ󣬶ʱ΢


666 СӣҪ
Ŷ׻ʳץˣӱ׻ʳڣ׻ʳŶв֮ټʱֹסʳȥĽŲ
ǰʱ䣬ʦͽһйһƬ֣ȻӵĻһֱ࣬ûʵʵĽӵΪȴǳأҲǣԷΪԸΪ׻ʳгټű׻ʳ˶Դ
ŶǼգһŶ˵Ļ࣬ǼյʱƺŶʦӳ񣬷ǳһƵģӵ·ֻĬĬԱߡŮ񾲣ԸҲܺãǴ׺͵ЦּʱβժһЩʳ˸ԡ
ͣ½Ųɵ˫֡
ΪĹϵʦͽѣȻ˫˫ץ
׻ʳ
˸⡣
ͷͷ­΢̧ͫҲǻһĨɭ⡣ǼգŶĳƺʲôޣѣܶԷͷȥʱһǱĸоЩܲ˱ڡǣŶкøУǳ˶ΨһкøеࡣϢȻҲˡ
̧ͷǰԼɼʳ֮ûмǰУˡ
뿪طΥȡһɫסݣúĹܭ⡣
ʱڵļ̫ϳ˳׻ʳҲһȺǿ׷ѰԣòСһЩͬǰˡ
ĹܭΪʢһųǣɫųǣʮһʵȴƽĸ¥ǰʱڿյģ浹Χ˲ˣ˶ڳָָ㡣
źɫڣﲻյԭ򵥵ҲǱ߰㣬ζƵˣһ㣬ǰΪʱСӣҲǱ³ĳ㶪ڵϡ
ƿĿһߣǰΪʱŮվÿ˶ЦӭϡƺܿŮվӰ
λӣƽռǰ͵ȻһЩʱȡһЩͣҪĳȴǷǳ٣ȴǱ׻ʳԴʵǡ
֡
ɲǣӵⶼԼһҵõĴͣȴʼմڣΪͨǽ⣬Ϊ֮塣׻ʳĶԹʶ̻Ҳ׻ʳռֻǲԸټȴ³
ŶҲܺðǰ̣ŶﶼʱʱΪ̵һ裬Ȼͨȴ׻ʳʵǿɶ񣡡
ЩûһǺö
Ⱥѹ
һ˵£Ҳֶ֪ܼòΪ׻ʳټӦǿӲ˶ãϾԼĵӱ˸ץסˡ
⻰ܲü
˵ʲôأǰΪ˸ҪǿΪ׻ʳݣˣȵڣλǰԲñ˵ȥԼΣѣ
ǣ˵
λǰ˸񣡡
һЩ˲
˵ʵ˵ӵλӿĹɫ㣬׻ʳҼڵӣΪټü˶Щ£ʱӻ᲻ͷ
˵⻰Եúǵ⡣
طһЩܹӶݵ˶ʱŭĿӣô˵ֻ
ȺУ䣬һڻǰֱһȭӳ
飡
дŵѪʮԶײһڣڿѪֱӻ˹ȥþڲ˶һڵĹ¸ֱ
⣬ǶŸںɫµĴָЩʿ֪˿̶µ˭ȴоˬ죬·ǳ˿ڶһ㡣
ѣĺã
ǣ
С˶ӣǷ飡
м˵
û˵ʲôҲûлӦʲôŶ뿪úĹܭǡ
뿪ĹܭǣһƬּ䣬һʱ侹ǲ֪ʲôֻ䡣
úһɽۣңң׻ʳķϴһɺ
ӺŶ׻ʳץȥһŶΪвӾͷһУȫΪӵΪˣԷԲ׻ʳгټڣµģҲһ㡣һֱϾͷ׻ʳĻŶʲô񹲷ߵһһӶѰһӶУһӶԭԼ
ô죡
ק˫֡
ڵʵԲ׻ʳĶ֡ʳ𣿲ʵʳЩݣҲԴΪֻƾһСݣԷҪΪ׻ʳսǻ̫̫ˣϼʳҲʧ
˫ȭô죿ʳȥ׻ʳ˲ʵҲܾô뿪ӺŶβܣⲻΪ֮
Զ׻ʳķеĺøŨɱһԾ
ԱټԳΣ׻ʳҲŵӺŶֻڵȵɱ󣬹ƲŻӺŶɣڣһпܻɱֱɱӺŶ
ϾӵɲСӣԺΪʳ׻ʳ֣׻ʳԣҲһ޴ѣΪ˶žѵķ򵥵İ취ֱնɱʦͽ
⼸Ǹѭ
Ķ
ҧ񺮹ŨɱⰻȻ
žա
ʱϢ䣬һִֻļϣӴСӣҪ𡣡
ɢϤľζ̼䣬͵һ
ٶƵɫƫͷȥһ깴ĲӣòʣϵıͬǰɢЦ
оϲ㣬ȭͷյĸ˼֣ϼһ
꣬һѾ̫û꣬ĶʦǽڶˣųϾƹڵľ콾
ϾƹĲӴЦЩСӣ治ɰֱôãװʦͻȻ֣㲻Ӧϲ˹ץ½ֱʦ˵𣿡˵ţϾƹѧǰĶ°ͣôġ
ԭЩѰɼϾƹֺеĲȴ˲ʧˣ˿Ͼƹ˻̲ס˷ۡ
ϾƹһЦĿƣͷĺϣ˵е԰ȡԺСһڵѪ׾ѣһͷ֮ͨ󣬳أ硣
ԣȴǺݺһӭϾƹ˫ۣۼ׶ʱϾƹϵϢƽȴоһɿֲĲ·һɵصľڶ


667 һƬ
˺Ե쳣Ӧ΢Щɻ
ôˣ
ʺԡ
ϾƹĶʦϾƹеֻ׽ĸоΪԶûкǿԣǲûиоʲôµĲƽʱûʲô
ԽߴϾƹ˫ƿҡҡͷ
ŶϾƹ˶٣һս
ȵӡ񣬺ϾƹİŮӣ֪һսϾƹжôҪԣܿϾƹʱѾԼܹµһսĽ֣żžˣȴ̲ʱʡ
ϾƹѵõûдЦֻ΢ˡ
Ǿͺá
Ҳ¶Цݡ
ʦͽ˾ñط꣬Χǰ㣬һĺг
ʮٴοڣҵѱץˡϾƹ²ϾƹѾ֪һЩ£ȴǽȥ˵һ
˽⣬𼱡
ϾƹЦ̧һʱձһɫѷ졣
һĻʱͫһƺǼ򵥵Ľѡ
ͷһֻңȴ̲סӡ
߰ɡ
ϾƹһЦ
ĲӣϾƹɫѷ죬һ̱ʧɽۣһƬ嫵ɽǰ
ȥǰʣ׳Ρ룬ʳ൱
ֻоһ飺׻ʳ
ʢ޵ʷᣬ׻ʳλúʹģȻ֪˿һļ¡Ҫ֪ɽ۾׻ʳǷǳԶȻͨɲεΪͣշУҲúķҹʱܴﵽϾƹֱӻգһ͵طֱǾһռ䴫㡣
ǺεȵֶΣͨ澳ʿƺûɣ
ϼһڣ澳
Щ𾪡
գһɺԽʮľ룬Ǵ˵еֶΣ
£
ϾƹЦ
һˣ
ǵãϾƹڶصΪһǹȥ꣬ʱ䣬ڶشﵽ磬⼸ǲܵ¡ǣֶΣ־Բ澳Ϊܹʩչü
Ȼһ̣΢΢һ뵽Щʲô꣬ϾƹΪİŮӵһֱţñеɢȥΪᷢһʽıͻ䣬ô룬ϾƹﵽҲǲܡ
ǲǣ
Ͼƹ
Ͼƹ°ͣɡ
شЩ⣺ʲôвࣿǾǣǾͲǡ
ϾƹЦӵͽҪЩϸװʦǰ˵ģ˲ҪΪʲôģɶ塣
һ漴ͷǰ׻ʳ֮кâ֯ȻӽӴ࣬ضԷֱŶͬգǽ˲꣬ĺѡ׻ʳΪشĵߡ
߰ɡ
Ͼƹ
ֻһһ̣Ͼƹ׻ʳĵǰط뿴ȥ׻ʳΡ׳ͬһͷŵԶžޡ
ʲôˣ
׻ʳͥǰȻصˣѪ񣬳սìǰ
һˣ˭ˬ
ϾƹǴЦûаڣֱ׻ʳȥ
ֹ
Ҵ׻ʳ

ͥ˳ǰսìɱ⽻֯
⼸ˣ۷Ρ
ⲻò˵׻ʳǿŵˣΪǿ
ܿ죬˳嵽ϾƹǰɱŨΪ䡣һ̣ҲϾƹʲôǰļȴǺݺһԵڵϡ
ͷȥּûаۼĿڼһŵ˫ϣ滹ż˲ûֻǻ˹ȥȻһ˫˫ͫУȴǷŨŨľ֣⼸ˣȻǱιȥģ
ʹһղŷʲô⼸۷ʿϾƹˣ
ͷ̲סһ¡
ͽϡ
Ͼƹǰ
عȻ𾪣ȴǿ첽ȥ
׻ʳƽǹرŵģϾƹƽɲʲôǰ׻ʳʵĽźһը¶һƽ̹
ֱʢ޵Ȼ
쵹ǸЩܿϾƹԶ
ô£
ʲô
˭ƻţ
׻ʳڣһŭ
գۼ䣬ǿ߳嵽ǰ
̳ƮڿУϾƹ߳ĬĬĸ
׻ʳһ˵Ŀˢˢϡ
죿
С㣡
˰֣Ҵ׻ʳ׻ʳţ
죡
Ѱ·
׻ʳڣһʿɨϾƹĿϡ
һãˣ̵ֶɱ
˺
ʱ䣬ʮǿ߳Ϊ׵ļ˺Ȼͨ۷ǿߡ
Щ˳ɱ壬Ϣֲ
ϾƹıɢƽԹԳ׻ʳȥɲκζһ̣ʮȴһ⣬ȫʣĵڵϣΨͫ׻ţ·ǿؼֲĹһ㡣
ľͨ۷ǿ߰ȻҲιȥˣ
Ͼƹǰߣһٴν
ʱ򣬼׻ʳһ˳еľȶʱֻ˺⡣
ޱ˺ѣ
ǣ
ʲôˣ
ֹ
׻ʳһ˳˿̣ǶϾƹϡ
ʮ˳ȥȴϢĻʣͨ۷ǿߣһĻЩˣЩ˸Ĳһ̶ǷϾƹĲһ㡣
ϾƹƽԼҺԺһ㣬⣬ȫܵˡ
󵨣
ֹ

׻ʳһ˴ŭ
ʱ䣬˶֣ɱ޾ȫϾƹȻЩֲɱٽϾƹʱȴϢʧϾƹ½Ƕ
һʱ䣬ֵ뾪㤣Укüͨɾǿڶְ񣬽ȴˣ
㵽ʲôˣ
˺ȵ
ֻǣһ̣ϾƹһЩʱ˺ݺһֱĵ¡
ܿ죬ԱߵҲѣĵڵϡ
ģǿ߳
С
ģǸҴ׻ʳ
ѹǣ
ŭһ
һ̣ȫϾƹϾƹ׻ʳȥͺ⣬Ͼƹڵˣһ⣬ȫȥ
䣡
Ϣŵĵһ벽ǿ߿ɿȺˡ
Ķ
벽ǿɭ̽ͬʱѹϾƹ
Ȼһ˲䣬ѹֱ飬ݲڿоͻȥһڵϡ


668 ˫
쾡֪Ͼƹǿһ̣ȴ̲סľϾƹһ·ûмϾƹ֣ӭǰˣȴһĻʡȥ׻ʳûһ˿һȻȴǺ˵һƬӰ
Ͼƹƽ⳯ǰȥ
ܣĬĬ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ģһԽԽǿ߳Ͼƹɱ
Ȼ죬ǰˣȫǵڵأ˫ĿԲŻʹȥ
Ͼƹ죬ƽһ·Уܿ׻ʳλá
ǰһݻĴϾʯɣеâ˸дһѹϢ˿̣߳ӰΪ׵һϽ۵꣬ѪˣԱǼߣĲӿ¡
׵Ϊ׻ʳһ׻ԱߵļߣȻȻһļ̫ϳϣһˣ񶼺ң⼸⼸ӰϢȴҲȥҲͨɾΪȻҲһĴ
ӣֻ˸־͸Ҵ׻ʳ㵱׻ʳʲôˣ׻ĮߣҲãԭ֮ݳټ룬ȻԼţҲʡҵȲ£
ˣ䣺ǰŶģϷǳ׻һҲдźڵɱ⣬Ϊ
̬ȣʹ׻ɫɭ䣬ֱֳ̧ץȥ
˿׻ʳںڵϵӵǣвİ벽۷ǿߣҲ֪ߵϾƹΪ֪ϾƹǿǴ˿̣ɲ⡣ʱԼһļ̫ϳ϶ڣдĴڣݣηһѰİ֣
ˣ
նʱ׻ҲǴڰ벽ΣѾûжԶ˿֣ǵȲίʵˣԶͫһоѹ
ž
һĶ⣬һ̣׻ֱӺɣݻѪˮƮС
״Ѿǻڶ׻ʳӵܣѹѹһƬŲͨɾǿߣ˿̼һĻʱɫ˼顣һĻٹþܿΣȴǱĺɡ
ҪԱ˵ĵӶ֣ʦĻܲˡ
Ͼƹ˵
⻰һʹһ
ģ
ԣղûж֣
ô£
̫ϳϵͺȡ
ţ׻ʱ˵ĿⶼϾƹϣɫܵĮУǲûмϾƹ֡
Զ׻վ壬־ŭһʳˣ˿ȴȻ㵱˺˳ȥ˭Ϊǣһ̣ϾƹĻһ˲֪ϾƹģֱӸֳϢ⡭
ž
һǶ׻ٴκɣһֱײһʯ
⡭
ط׻ʳ˸о΢ԼһĻκɣڣЩ˶ѾԿ϶ϾƹΪǣȴϾƹƶǵҰУϾƹƽվǰͷβûκһ
ʲôˣ
һΪ׵̫ϳϿڣΪڴ죬ʵˣ
Щʵٶȿ죬ΪκεطԴδ̫ˣ
̫ϳ
Աߣ⼸̫ϳϵˢˢĶϾƹͬ嫺һ㳯Ͼƹӿȥǿ˷Ŀռȫ
Ըоһ㣬ʱ΢ܿҲƽֻĶǰ׻ʳһڴķձΣϾƹվʲôҲòŵģϾƹʵѹˡ
ӿƺƵϾƹһŤȻϾƹΪģԲڵĿռȴǷƽ˾ļǿ߶һ
һȺϸ첲ȵģοϾƹɢһ̣ܵȫ飬׻ʳ̫ϳϽǵŵŵŵĺˣǻ̸̸ץҼұͽ°ɣôڽΣ
׻ʳ̫ϳΪ˶ɫһ̣ϾƹĻǶݡ̫ϳϾǸСʦ
ž
Ķ˺ɰɶԶֱӽǸطһ顣
һˣſڱտСΪϲ𡣡
Ͼƹ
⡭
ϿǴڴ찡ȻҲ⣬ôô
ôܣ
ܣɫ䡣
ңһΪ׵̫ϳҲݣϾƹɫþ
ˣɲ⣡
˳ǲԸˡ
Ͼƹ
׻ʳ޾£ҲƬʢ޾£ûܴ׻ʳڽ˴ߣ澳ˣҲУ
һΪ׵̫ϳĵ
ϾƹϹɢЦҲ⣬˶ٺֱ̧˺һƬգһѪɫ԰׵˴˳Сӣᵽˣ
΢¶ϲɫǣ
ˣȻӣ
ʱǾϲˣܣ׻ʳһȴǵɫ䣬ͬһļ̫ϳҲ⡣
⣬⡭⡭
ڻʳӣȻֱ˺գױ˳
ǺεֶΣ
ӳϾƹȻҲ΢ڿʱǸӾȣ㣿ô꣬ȻѪԵúɫҲܲ԰ףȴһֱǺܴݣʱټЩʧ̬΢Щƽ
ʩ񣺡ΪĹϵǰܿ࣬ʵڱǸӽϾƹĶʦ
ûٶ˵ȴףʦŶˡ
л
ӶͷϾƹ֡һǱץʲôڣؼŶҲץˣʦим
׻ʳһڴɫ׻ʳӵñѾûУǵĿ⣬Ͼƹϡ
£㾿ʲôˣ
һΪ׵̫ϳ϶ϾƹԵúܵͳɫޱ档
ϾƹûκηӦȫ׻ʳˣ´ӣֻһ۾ͿЩܿ˳ϾƹȴûʲôӦɫ糣
һ
ʱͬʱŶģһ
ʱҲǽ׻ʳһڴˡ
ϾƹͷϢɨܿѰŶҲʱϾƹ΢΢ݣлһĨâ
ܲ
䣬׻ʳһǿһ𾪵У΢̧ٴ˺ǰգһȹŮ˳
ȹŮŶ
ѵõ¶ϲɫٴϾƹлžȱŶ´ֱȥʮڼŶûʲô󰭺ڳһ
Ŷܿˡ
ǰ


669 ʦǱ̬
ЩǸ⣬ΪԼĹϵŶץȻûʲô󰭣˥˲ٵľȥȻҲһЩͷܹⲻȥ
Ŷ񻣬毺ãһϮȹеĺʥ࣬ΨԲ԰˵㣬죬۾գ£ȻˡŶ⣬׻ʳץסвټȴ룬챾ֱΪӣɱ׻ʳʹЩʡ
ͷ΢Цǲôİ
ͷ΢̧ͷſȥ
ʲôӶ԰ɡʱϾƹͻȻڣȫ׻ʳˣ·ԼҺԺ㣬ָӵ㿴ͽ԰ɣƷʣսһ㣬ܳƵǾţأ
в죬Ͼƹʲô˼ȴǵͷ
ŶΪĹϵץԸΪ׻ʳټȴҲûΪŶЩʲôֱɱ׻ʳ˵Ʒ
ʢ޽һЩ£ɱһǿߣ׵ţѰң˵ʺս˵첻ܳƵǾţԹһ
ҲЩ⣬ϼһôͻȻһŸռ˿Լˣ
ͺáϾƹʱЦͶסŶ㿴ͽô㣬ѾͷҲ٣Ѿͷͽô
ԣʱˡ
ŶſڣЩ
ͷҲǲ죬ʦ˼άתʵ̫ͻأոջھˣھȻֱԵˡ
عЩԣϼһʱ˵ʲôأ
Ͼƹžľ͸һƣʦΪá˵ţϾƹֲӣЦǺǵģͲˣôѣ㿴Σ
ʦһš
Ͼƹ۵һĨ⣬ƺЩȣɫȴǿЦһ££ʵҲǲԣֻҪŶϲԸһûʲôô˵ʵҲǱܾˣ˵ĸоȷʵãҲôͻȻͽȥ
΢΢˿ãġ
ϾƹЦӻеľܾ˼һҲûʧ⻰Ϳˡ˵ţϾƹ̧֣һûڣʱʹӯѪǿʢ·˲ʮ㣺ΪͽһС
¶һĨ죬Ͼƹ㡭ֻһâѣЩΪĵѪȻȫָ˹Ǻε
ŶȻӵı仯¶Щϲ
лǰ
ϾƹдһΪʦΪϾƹһָâԿҩˣʹӵľ񶼱ǿ࣬ǴȻܸм
Ͼƹ֣ЦŽǰҵʦһ졣
ðߣϼһͻȻԴҩˣ
ƺ֪ʲôϾƹ̧֣һƣԺ֪ˡ
䣡
ʱ˵Ĳϯķպ¡¡
׻ʳ̫ϳɫϾƹʵ̫ˣԼһĵˣ󣬾ȻֱǣȻΪԵˣ֣һ̣ȫܴ߶ޣ򲨶纣㡣
ͬһʱ䣬һΪ׵̫ϳϿڣ󣡡
䣡
ɱƵ̼䣬׻ʳϿոֳƣ۸ӣһ˲ʹƬռ䱻ɱǣǵɱ·˺һУ˾־
üлһĨԡΪ׿ʦ˿Ȼǿ˳߽ɱľۺϣǧһȷʵֲܿ
ӺŶҲǱ΢ɱ󣬼в澳ǿˡ
׻壬ֻһ֣
һΪ׵̫ϳϺȵ
ߴڴ죬˿һҲСϾƹˣֱӽԼһĻ̫ϳϺ߶ܼɱ⳯Ͼƹѹȥ

˲Ϣѣռֱˡ
ĹâֱӽϾƹûƬھһ˵Ŀ级ˡ
Ļȫǿ߶ɱԻٵŵˣ
һקȭͷ
Ҳʱһ촫
ǰŨɱûڣһ΢ɱ飬¶Ͼƹ˵Ӱûܵˣ½Ƕûб
⡭ôܣ
׻ʳļ¡
Լһļ̫ϳϺ߶ޣشһǿߣɱһǿߣȴϾƹ˵½Ƕû
һļ̫ϳϣɫø𾪣ȻĶϾƹ㡭
Ͼƹ̧ͷӡҲʲôǣһ̣ܼ飬תʧһɶ
ңĻ󡭡ˣ
˾֡
Զ׻ѾվʱϾƹͬЩ̿⵽ʲôˣ

Ʒ
̫ϳϵͺ
ǿͬʱӡһ̣һڱԶʼһֱɢױȵĿֲ·ҪﶼֱӱǱһƬռ䡣
һ׶
ǰһһսʱڶķƷǳ¡
ɱ
һΪ׵̫ϳϵͺȡ
ʱ䣬âʢһƥɱͬӰ¡
Ͼƹ鲻䣬ָ΢һĹɳʸ㣬˲ײ׶ϡ

һ죬׶â飬ɲǼ䲼һѺۣһ̣һ飬
һĻֱ׻ʳһȫһԼһƷȻôٵˣ
ʱҲɫһƷȻôˣ
ûƺá
Ͼƹ
죺
ͷһӣѵõĵʦǱ̬
һƷֻΪûƺ͸ָٳǺε
㡭Ȼ
׻ʳ̫ϳϾŭӣ۾ˣһƷǿôˣţţâ𶯣ȫǿͨɱϾƹƷ٣һ̣⼸˽ֱӷˡ
Ͼƹûʲôʵʶȴе΢⵴Ľȫɣļ˸ڿѪǱˤԶ
ʲô׻ʳ
ʱһɳƵ
һһ߿Ĳ纣˰ӿ
ڣ
ڳˣ̫ˣ
һնɱ
һһ˾ϲ
̧ͷȥ˫΢΢𣺡澳硣
ʮǰһһǿ߱ĵڣɱǣʢ޵ȴǶ²һһǿڣȥǲ١
ڣ
һļ̫ϳϳԣǽд
Զ׻ʳڿϹâ֯ͬһۡ㡣


670 ܻҪ
׻ʳɫۣԵЩϣҲԵЩɳƣĲȴǿʢ
ڣ
һ̫ϳϣһЩǹڵд
׻ʳɨһ׻ˣĿƶϾƹϡ
ܷδʱȴҲһ۾Ϳ˭ԼһֵĲð
ڣѹ
⼸ˣܷߣ
ڶ֣
̫ϳϽԿڡ
󱻻٣ǿĵ̵ҲǱķѣһ̣Щ˿Ǻ͸ϾƹϾƹʱеĺȶʱǿ򱶲ֹ
ڿ粽ɫԵúܵĮ
䡣
˶ϾƹɫĮ澳ĲһƵĽ֯ԵЩˡ
ȲܵĿռһŤ
ֻǣϾƹȴûи跴Ӧ
⣬ʹ׻ڵĮԵ˲٣²֮ҲνˣգҲһѻࡣ
ˣ
̽ãܵĿռȫˡ
һ̫ϳæڣڣǸСȲҪɱƿѰӺŮޣҲд;
׻ʳڵͷѹ£ָĹâŨϢøǿ
һƣϾƹ£תۼѹϾƹϡ
ۣ
ѪĿġ
Ͼƹվԭز׻ʳڵĴȴˣķѡ
⣿
ôܣ
ڣ⡭
һĻɫ䣬һļ̫ϳҲǺݺһ
׻ʳڵŵŵŵĺ˳ȥķѵֱ˲飬Įݵıڲ٣˼ĶϾƹ漴һ̣˵ıøһԼһǿİͨĥʩչ
һʱ䣬춼ḥ̂һƬƺҪ
һһӽսӦԹͨǳ£澳ǿʩչǸӿֲˣߵƣֱ֮

һ촫̶ǳ˶һ
Ͼƹûʲôǣܣѹµĥȴһ顣
̫дˣΪվŲͿϷԵУ
׻ʳߡ
һâ֯øӿ£ܣܼĥ̺ڻ߿貵ǳÿһǳڶһɱԻ
ռ£ʥ
һ
߱ɱһÿһɱǿֲˣһ˸ϲ
ʥް壬⡭ƺֻдʼƿعڽھȻˣ
̫ˣ
ʥ֮£һо٣
һļ̫ϳϾϲ
о㤣߱󽣣Ĳ
ɣ

׻ʳڿڣ߱ʥѹ£ͬǿڵľɱ
Ȼ߱ɱϾƹͷʱȴҲԴˡ
׻ʳڶݣްʥʱȻ䲻ȥˣ
Ͼƹ΢㡭

죬ٴδ
߱ʥϣѺһӡ
漴һ̣첻ϴ߱ʥȫ֧顣
⡭ʥôܣⲻģ
һ˽Աɫ̫ϳҲ⡣
ʥ׻ʳʼֻдʼᣬʱô꣬ڴû޾Ȼһǿƿȴûаãû˵ϾƹһһȥΪµǣУʼգϾƹһҲûУƺֻǿƱһС
ʱҲ죬ղһԺֲܿһǿ߾ԵǣϾƹȻͽһˣҲ̫ˡ
ܣ⵽ô£
׻ʳڴ
ʥȻô׾ͱˣԸţ
䣡
ֲӿ򷭹ƬռȫǣƺƵѹϾƹ
ҲʱϾƹڣ๻ˡ
͵һԻ͵ȫ飬˸һɣڿоʹڿѪݺײڲԶһʯϣǱ
ڣ
˾
һļ̫ϳϳȥԼһڷ漴Ͼƹʱ˵ĿҲϾƹϣ
㡭㵽ʲôˣ
һ̣׻ʳ˶ļˡ
ͻȻֵʦȻô£
ħ򣬹¾ȪʮǰڰԨѹħа飬ʮǰ޻֮ʯǰ칬ɱʥһǰˮ֮ն壬Ѳٿɱ䣬һ̫ˡ
Ͼƹɫɢƽɫƽ
⻰һطȫͷƤ顣
ɱʥնն壿
׻ʳһ뾪㤡
ħаʯᣬʥǴ˵еĴڣԶͨʿӿֲҲϣߣϾƹȻɱңϾƹƺնɱʥʹ岢ûô
ҲȻǰϾƹֻڶأ֮ǰһս϶ˣϾƹñеĽԻ⣬ΪһһʽȴҲûᱬ£ֻȾսһ꣬Ȼɱʥˣֹȥһ꣬Ȼնһ壡
尡ǵȴڣһѹϰ˻ģ˵羳޵ҲˣһǰϾƹȻնһ壿
ʦǴ̬
һظ֮ǰϾƹۣȴڱ̬ǰһ֡
صӺ񾲵Ŷ𺳣Ǵʧɫ
Ҳʱ׻ʳһ壬̼䱻־֡
㣬㡭
ϾƹȻһڶ
Լһʲô˰
Թ£һδǲڸ׷ɱץвܻЩȥϾƹƽ˵һһͼʩʩȻתٷŴתۼ佫׻ʳȫǣΨһĵӣһֱû̹̫࣬ĳɾҽһ֮ѹʱֽ̣Ϊͣ޺Ԯ֧ţ̫ˡҲɱǣǣܻҪġ
ˣ
ͼת£׻ʳӵܡ
âֻͼʧ
׻ʳ֮ͬǰǰ㣬ûһ׻ʳڵһӵܣҲһҲûûˣȻһ̣һ
ޡΪҵΪأ
ҵˣ
ҵԪȥˣӦˣô£
һֵ
һڶ£ϾƹдŨŨľ㡭㣬ˣ


671 
ҵı׻ʳڻصһ̣һ˽Ծ֣ϵ澳ڣµ徳СʿˣȫоԼʧˣΪˡ
㡭㡭
һϾƹֹסĲ
ֻѣһرһͨˣڵɢȥˣҲ٣֮ʧΪһˡ

ΪҵΪ
㣬Ϊǣ㡭㵽ʲô
˶ˡ
Ǹ߸ϵʿһ̣ȴǳΪƽķˡ
˲
ӺŶٴζݣɫʢ޵׻ʳʱһ˵ΪȻȫϵˣ
Ŷ죬գۣС治һУ
ɱһǿߺʮͨǿߣ׵ţٵѰңѾʢ޳Ǿ˺͸ħڣŶãʦݣȻûɱˣֱɱ˻¡Ҫ֪׻ʳʢ޴Ѿ޾£УѹʿҲ֪ж٣һ˽ԱϵΪһʿ֪Щ˵Ľ֣Ǻεȵıң
뵽ЩŶ̲סӣҲɷǿɰ
Ǻ֣׻ʳԣͷٺҲˡͬһʱ䣬ҲٴΪϾƹʵֻʱѣϾƹͼ׻ʳͬʱϵˣֶίʵܿ¡
ǰǰ׻ʳڲʱͻȻڵأϾƹݣңǴˣĸͽŹǣǻָΪɣˣֻҪָܻΪպʲôԣ
ǰ
ǰ

׻ʳһˣȫϾƹ
ǿʿΪͨķˣǺεȵĥֱҪʹ࣡ңûΪϾƹ첻ɱǣ֮һҪʢޣûΪʢʿ֪һ彫ޱҵ³
Ͼƹٴλָɢı飺ףؽѣñʲô
⻰ֱӽ׻ʳ˵ϣһʱ䣬һӾ֡
㡭
׻ʳڶָϾƹͣĲ
һ̫ϳϣ׻һЩɫøӾ
ϾƹûЩˣɨ׻ʳƬ̺˺գץһƬ貵龧ֶѹһʯ䣬ֶ죺ʮ
һϲʮ龧ɲһСĿ칻ﵽͨɵڶˣ
Ȼʳ龧ҲǶȲѰҡ

ٵѰʱڶԷ龧УǷ˰ϵ龧Ȼ󲿷ֲˣǰģѰң׻ʳʵԶԶ龧ԣȻƲһȲҡ
ҵ龧ûõ׻ʳһ龧õˡ
Ц
ʱǾϲˣ׻ʳһǸһĴǣͨ졣龧ƽռ䣬Ƕã񣬾ȻҡڵıϾƹˣȻⶪ죬ǲͣ
ϾƹɨЩһۣɢǵıԴѾ׷գûп·Щ龧Ҳûʲôá˵ţҲЩ˸Ӿı飬ٴ˺գһƬץһԵĶ죺ڴﵽͨɾ磬ʲôģʶˣȻҲԼʯС
ʿﵽͨɾԪʶøأԿ÷
ɨϾƹץıʮƷʮͨȸǶൽ塣ٵЩ漴ϾƹЩԹĵǿƷٵˡһƷĻǸöá
Ͼƹ
ûж˵ʲôϾƹٴγ֣Ⱥ׻ʳ鵤ҩطԼΪзŵȫץ˳ȫʯж졣
Ǹ˵ջ񣬿νǷ񵽼㡣
кöû
Ͼƹ
ûˡ
Ͼƹ˵
ŶܿҡͷᶨУ
ţ
Ͼƹɻ
ָָ£϶ץ
ӣŶۣص׵Ҫߡ
죡
׻ʳһŭһ˱ϵΪĿϾƹϴٵһı䣬쾹ҪϾƹص׵Ҳߣ
ϾƹһȻı飺еҴˡ˵ţϾƹ̧һƬ棬ȺץʮѹɶʮöȭͷСĹ飺ͨˣǶʮҲ֮ˡ
ӣŶ
һУ
ŶС
潫׻ʳص׵ץˣۣ
ӹʮöʵ̲סЦʮ龧ټʮ۳ɵĹ飬Ļ㹻ﵽͨɵڶˡ
ʱ׻ʳһǿ߸˫ͨ죬ŭ֣һֵȫ֯Щ˵кϡڣһڸѪ˹ȥļ̫ϳϺ׻һڡ
߰ɡ
Ͼƹʱڣȥ
ŶӺŶǰŶǳȥɡ˵⻰Įɨ׻ʳһˣǸϾƹ󣬳ȥ
ӺŶûп׻ʳˣϾƹ뿪

Ϸƴˣ

һΪ׵̫ϳ˻̫ϳҲˡ
ȻϾƹâ˸Ǹʮգһ̷·ǴһƬƽпռ䣬׻ʳļ̫ϳôҲˡգ⼸Ϊ֮꣬Ҳ׷ϣȫˤڵأ
ԼһʱϾƹ׻ʳɽ֮⡣
һԶȥܿǳ뿪׻ʳķΧһڡ
л
Ͼƹл׼
ϾŶһֱϾƹ
ǰŶߣˡ
ٴǸ
ҡͷСѿˣĴ
ŶǶЦҡͷʾ⣬ʾûʲô
ѡϾƹͻȻֿڣӣǸ֮ǰ飬úÿ£
ЦЦͷ˵ġ˵ţٴϾƹָ
ŶЩΣҲϾƹ񣺡ǰˡ
𣬱ǰҵʦϾƹظ׻ʳ˵ĻһֱӴʯогʮҵ龧װһʯ󣬲ɷ˵ĵݸŶҼͽ̫ľګʦĴС
Ŷһ⣬Ҫ
Ҳƴǣʮ龧ڼҲˣʲôС
޷
Ͼƹ֡
գŶΣЦãֻ
ֹȥʱŶлǴŶ뿪Զȥ
ܿ죬˳Զȥʧڵƽ߾ͷ
һѽϾƹϼһʲôӼŶʱϾƹԸԸ⽫Ŷ뿪׻ʳǾᣬʵЩ
ϾƹƲ죺СӣɰʦɶΪ㡣˵ţϾƹĲӣӺŶ뿪ķ򣺡ˣѾͷ壬֮Ϊޣܵõĺôڣɸ


672 л
һŶ壿׽ǵ壬ʹƿһ;κ嶼ơңһɣֲڣڲ֮ء
ѹ˵ĸоôͣԭ塣

ôСӣ뷨ûϾƹȻһЦΪޣʲôʲôԴøǿԵĸ֪к˵һǳԶԶͬ˦Ժʱнй֮ԣŮӣĵѡ
һô
ϾƹЦ˰ɣ
ЦҲ̫ˡ˶٣бϾƹ⣬ֻЩȶѣ˵ĶģһҲûУѾϲŮˡ
ֵϾƹбѾϲ˵Ůӣֻһ𣿡
죺
ΣԶԣ
һ;༸ûʲôˣϾƹŵһ㣬ҼǸӣӵĴˣһĹžʺսȴĿ֪֪֮£ܹ¡磬֮ǰڱʲô׻ʳ׷ɱʱ׻ʳټôҲӲԷͬϵ۾֪һС
Լ֪£֪Ϊ֪ܻҪЩֻۣΪǿ󣬸ĴۻԽԽСѣǣ۸Ĵ۶ССɺԲƣܻдۣԣһˣòգǿ̫ණ͡ϾƹѾͷӵĵӣҲһĴˣպ󣬵Ҳƿغ֮
Ͼƹۣһ˿ɾͲһˣ׽Ƶ壬Ǵĳƿ֮ҪʲôۣһٽɣݹŴҲκ¡
ɣݹŴ𶼲κ£Ҫκδۣ
һ
ãѪķѡ
Ͼƹ
ͷһ𣬵ľסˣԾӵ֮ӦѾǿһЩʱҲúķѪݹŴ̹ӣԼңҲĴۻˣΪﵽŴǵȸ߶ȵˣǧжӡǣǿǵйص£ֻ΢СΣҲĴѡ
ڣϾƹȻƣŶֻҪٽɣݹŴ£ѪķѣǺεĶԱȣǺεȵĿ£ˣŶպǿһˣ֮Ϊģ
ȰɣҲ˵ҪΪޣô󣬲࣬ң֮ԸõСϾƹΪ壬ɲ˵˵ѡ
򵥵㽲һͥԺŮˣ£ǽⷽͥԺԣݵԽ£ͬߵĶԽĴŭȻԽǿҡ壬Ϊ൱ͥԺŮ˵Ů£ԼһЩʹһСˣͥԺ˾ܻοĳͷϾĸ׿ɲŮ֡
Ͼƹôɻɣ
ͷϾƹô˵ȷʵ⡣
˵ӵҵһôˣһԻ͡ϾƹһЦˣһһʼ棬塣
ʲô
һ
һ忪ģ
оȣԺҲƽ崴һҲǷǳУңҲס
ôСӣʦ˵ô࣬ڶ˰ɣôǺܶ࣡ϾƹĲӣ˵ģ񶨣Ŭ㣬ŮȢ
죺
úϼһ¡
У˼ҵġ
ܵ
ϾƹͷЦԹ
ðߣ
˶٣һЩ£ʵϼһɱ壿ʥˣܿ£Զͬ׵ʿվҲֻڿµķڡǣ壬ǿǿֲĴڣɺɨ˻ģϾƹһǰնһ壬ֱ̫˼ˣð
Ͼƹͷɱ
֪Ͼƹ¿Цɴ˿һΣȴǸо𺳡
һ尡
գգۣʵΪʲôսģ
Լʦһ彻棬Ϊӣܹ棿
ϾƹлһĨĹ⣬¶ЩЦ⣬ִĲƿ
֣һ͵ĹâԻһŮӣսȴǽ˫ۣԵú鵭ȻֻǻӰûʵʵ
ǣ
΢ɡ
ϾƹѵõĲеĹâǳͣѰĲлꡣ
һ̫ϳ˵ĻŮΪǳΪϾƹӵŮӣʱ档
ʱ꣬ϾƹѰĲл꣡
ϲʦ
¶ϲɫ
꣬ϾƹΪȥǷ˰꣬Ծ񲻽ñѰ˺յĲл꣬ܲϾƹеˣϾƹʦһصˣŮӣǵһμȴϾƹĺӣʦңŮӦÿԵþȣܲϲ
ϾƹһЦеĹâûڣСĵ𣺡ڼ칬ѰƲл꣬ʱΪл̫Ҫˮ֮ȥˮϡȡˮ֮Ҫߣԣɱ
ͷҲ֪ʱϾƹˮ֮ˣӦþǴˣһսԭΪˡ
ɱ

ˮ֮ϾƹѰղлıⶫҲ˵
ϾƹһƣǻָƽʱģСӣҺܿ컹ȥһЩ£ûʲôϵɻɻ֪ģ㡣
£
΢ɡ
ϾƹͷΪȥѰһЩ
ҺһȥɫҲΪʦﾡһ
Ͼƹһ㶣漴ǴЦһƣ˲Сӱÿɰˡ˵⻰ϾƹȴҡͷˣЩطڵܹȥˣ̫Σա
죬һ룬ڵΪЩµĵطȷʵȥˡңȫԸ£Ͼƹָ̧̧ͿԣˣĸϾƹȥˣǰﲻʲôæܻϾƹĺȡ
̫ࡣϾƹЦɣʲôɻ󣿡
ҲͲٶ룬˵ϵɻ󣬵ûʲôһжͦ˳Գ£ǽŵԺ׼ǰҽ͸ϲ°ɡ


673 սһƬĻԻ
֪Ͼƹʵ϶ȥϲ֮Ҫȥ֪һЩйϲ£Ҳ֮ȥϲ̫ãȻ
ϾƹһЦν֪ϲ£ָʲô棿
ֲս

Ͼƹͷ˵ҪȥǾͽƬֲд壬壬壬壬壬壬壬壬壬ѩ壬壬ʥ壬Ӱ壬Ѫ壬ʯ壬ʹȣν֮ޡ
Уʹʥͳǲ̣ԺͰӰ˺ޣԹգԾʯǺսͷǺѩºͣ˳һ䣬ĽŮӺܶࡣ
죺
һԲӣ
˵
ϾƹЦ˵һ˵ʵΣУʹ壬ʯʥǿڵ㶦̷ǳ񡣡˵ţϾƹŵ壬ʹ屳ǳ԰ʯǼǿ´ܰԵʥΪ壬ʥųƿɾһУҲͦ
ΪһεĴĵڶεĴ壬й壬壬壬壬塣ȻǵΣ壬壬壬Ӱ壬Ѫ壬壬ѩ壬Ȼд塣
ޣһ㶼з֧壬̾ķʱȥ˾֪ˡ
Ͼƹ
΢Щ񣬰棬ôֱеʢ硣
ϲأ
ʵ
ϾƹЦ֮ϵҲ㽲ҲûʲôãӰڵС
죺
ðɡ˵ǾͽսɣʲôӰ졣
սϾƹνսʲô
˵Ϊǿ˴ʲôΡ
˵
ɵͽܣ壬޷ش𡣡Ͼƹֱ̧֣ӸһƣЦǲ룬һĴţǿ֮ˣǴվڶǿļʥأڲǿˣǴڴ򣬾ڶļʳΪǿһأԣţǿߵΪǲ۷壿ڣǲѾ
죺
ȷʵôģùŹ֣ԲŻдһʡ
ϾƹΪǿֻǱϵʵˣˣһ򣬵ʱңбӡһۻʡ⣬ڶǿģҲֹŴ˵򡭡ϾƹдĹ⣬ĳɨۣƬ磬ǿˣҲԶֹ澳
⡭
һ
Ͼƹ⻰ͻȻˣԼʵȷʵͦɵڵһʱͼϾƹǿ󣬼ϹͬʱںڰɭʱҲϾֲǳڵڶʱڤħҲһ⣬򣬵ħڵ˫۾ҲԴڻ羳
ϾƹһЦֻܸ㣬ԽǵϲǿߵԽ࣬ͬԽֻ࣬ԵҲԽ࣬Ȼ֮ǣҪٵսԽѣҪٵԽңҪٵսԽпᡣȻȻ£һδսս·Ͼͻߵĸ죬ߵĸԶ
ͷҶˡ
ӿɽҲԹ
ϾƹԴ
ðߣ
ϾƹЦνĸǿΪ޷㣬ȻһЩϵĴҲ˵أһǹ̶ģϲĸʱҪʲôεΪһ㣬ҿǰ֪㡣
Ѿ߹ᣬӵ򵽵Ҫﵽͨɳڣӵ򵽵Ҫϰ벽ӵﵽҪﵽӵ򵽵Ҫϰ벽澳ӵ򵽵ڰҪﵽ澳ӵڰ򵽵ھ򣬿벽ɡ򵥵˵ɾͰ벽򣬱ͨС
Ͼƹ
벽ͬоˣ
졣
ԡ
Ͼƹͷ
ŶҲЩ⣬ǰΪٵôﵽǻ羳Žھ죬û뵽벽ͿˡϾƹνİ벽벽棬벽Ȼʲôν벽԰벽ԣָֻ벽ͿɿѾ߱˴ǿߵһЩ
磬벽ǿߣǾѾ΢ĵ򲨶һ㣬ͨɾʿûУսϣȻҲǲһ벽ʿֱ̧նɱͨɾˡңҲͨɾغͰ벽˶ս֪ĺ
£˶٣ʵ֪ӹûκ˴ﵽʮһ£ھ棬ûͨʮʱŻ𣿡
ûСϾƹҡͷӺʱڣϵĴҪʮ죬ֻԾԵƵʮϣǿ˺һʱŻ
ͷ漴ҡͷ
ǿдƵʮϱݣ˺һʱŻ£ѣ
ţкտտâжѣʮıݣһҪƣ
һ£һҪ۷壬֤
ϾƹȻı仯ЦСӣ񣬷·˵ʮ죬ңˣ
죺
ϼһôȡЦ˵ģ
ϾƹǴЦƬ̺ƽϢʵ𣿡
룬ҡҡͷѾûʲôʵġ
ϾƹһЦվɨƬʢޣƬʢޣƺĳ㡣˵ţϾƹ֣һ۶ɵζֶ죺µһЩã֧һʱҡ
ӹһɨʱһ
ֻаƴСϣо˺Ĳ
ˣ㹻ɱ澳κˡˣֻ֧һʱʱ䡣
Ͼƹ
˽⣡
ͷСĽ
ϾƹһЦĲӣңԶֱȥʮ󣬲ٴοڣͽ´ټֵ֪ʲôʱˣ򣬷ȥսսһƬĻԻ͡
ͷԶ´ټϣܼĽʦ
ġ
ϾƹЦ
һ̣оѹŵֱв٣ϾƹϢʧˡ
վԭأվãת뿪ܿʧڵƽ߾ͷ

ʱ䣬һιȥա
һ죬վһɽۣ֮رֶδ׻ʳȫ£Ϊȫʧʢ޴ϣһѹǣڣǱʱˡ
𶯳Զת۴Զһʿ֪
һʱ䣬ʢ󺧡
ʢ޾µ׻ʳȫ£Ϊȫʧˣ
⡭
ôܣ
˭ҥ԰ɣ
ɡ


674 ʢ޾
ʢ޾һƬȫסˣӴ׻ʳʢô꣬ȫ¾Ȼ˵ΪȫʧˣôܣֱڿЦ
áǣǸ죿
񣡡
׻ʳ׷ɱ⡭⣬òɣ
˲졣
пܡ
׻ʳһ˵Ϊȫʧ̫ˣֱ޻̸֮
ǣ
ǡǸ죬ƺ⻰촫ܾãпܰ
⣬ҪҪȥ
󲿷˶Դ˲ţȴв˰Űɡ
ȥ
ҧ
һ죬ʿС׻ʳڵĵطǿͨɾڡЩԵúܽú㵽׻ʳڵأɢ׻ʳ֮ɨȥܿ죬˶һ¶ı顣
ɨ׻ʳƬ֮ڣƺû˰ԪңʱһЩͨǿ߳ȥʱǼһ˵ıܾţȻԶԶģ෴ķȥ
ѵģ
طһʿһĻ󣬶𺳣ͷΪ֮һ
Щľܿ쿿׻ʳڵĵǰŻʮɶԶȴǲٹֵĿˡϾ׻ʳһоԪĲˣȴԵúܼɵ
֮󣬴ŹȥʮУ׻ʳдԹҧ̲סȥԶԶɱ⡣
󵨣
׻ʳɫĺȵ
ɱת۷ɹ۵һ˵ͷ­£׾١ңɱնʱŸҲ˴ѣɱ²
⡭
ûΪ
ģ
ȫݡ
ʱЩڶˣ׻ʳˣΪȫûˣ
ʱ䣬˴Ц
Ҳнգ
ţʦܣһùɱǣ
һƬأҺͬѰıǿб׻ʳȥҵͬ飬ȫɱڣֻһ˽ѣҺްȺ
˵ͺ
һʱ䣬⽣â˸˶ˣ׻ʳڡ
ǡ

ס֣
Ǹˣ
ǣ㡭
ҽУ̼
Ͼƹϵ׻ʳһֻǹȥ죬һǲأˣǴ˼ŽӦΡôһƬʿ֣Щ١Ҫ֪ɵǷˡ
ߣȥ
׻ʳ⣬ʢ޲˶ˣʱ˶ڡ
ЩУһ׻ʳԹһ׻ʳԹⲢЩ˳ûϴ׻ʳνǽƣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ׻ʳһըһЩһԹˣֿǺ顣
٣ҲнգһȺյƽﲻǸ߸ôˣҫ
Ц
ͬһʱ䣬˳ڣԴ
һܱﶼϾƹȡ߽죬ʣµһЩСͨʿԣž޴ЩʿУǿɲۣͬһһЩǶŵʯߡ

һ˲ҽУŭգֻʣ֡
죡
Թ˻
һУΪ죡ȫΪ죡
ҴУ
ɱǣ
ɱ
һԹˣɫֺ飬ǣ̣ܲ
ѪڲըʱʱѪˮʣʬأһЩ̮ˣԵúҡϢٴ˳ϯ£׻ʳٵˣ˵Ϊȫʧɱһɶ
ʢ޴ϣн磬˽𺳡
ʳ֮һƬ޾µ׻ʳһ֮ڱٵˣ
һȺʿһʳ
ԣЩʿ޹أһУֻǸйأǸ촫׻ʳ˵Ϊȫʿ׻ʳһˣΪҲȷʵȫʧˣ£Ժйأ׻ʳǻɱ׻ʳһ˵ЩʿУǻУ
⡭
ȷʵˡ
ǣǸ죬֮ǰʲô
˾
һ룬׻ʳǰһ̻׷ɱ죬վ׻ʳ˵ΪʧôƬʿǰȻɱ׻ʳˣһУһ
ٵټ׻ʳ
е֣ʿֹסĵ
µˣ
˶¡
һ죬ʢ޴ʳʹܻʳڶЩסˡҪ֪׻ʳǺһĴ󴫳а
ˣмǣպ򲻿Ǵӣ
ܻʳ߳塣
ͬһʱ䣬ʳڳأڵϤԼһúĹϵʱ¶ЦݣãҪ˱Ѻùϵ
ʮţڡ
Ϥ紫Ϣһڵӣһִ£һͨϣʮϣȫˣǿΪϢҲֱˣþƽΪĹϵټ׻ʳȻˣ
Сӡ
Ƶֱۣʯ
ѩҹȻҲĴţĿ⣬оȣҲеģٴͶСŮֻţһսֻţŬкԼԱǿǿˣ߳ȥȥ졣
һڣڡ
һٴļ£ȻϢ˵ɫһٱ䡣
Щ˲Ըţǿ׻ʳ׻ʳ٣ΪĹϵôܣ
ǣЩôţʵϣȷ촫׻ʳ˵ΪȫʧҲȷʵΪ棬Ԥʾţ׻ʳһ˵Ϊȫ£ȷʵǺйأȷʵǿʢ׻ʳ

׻ʳô£ֻһ¿Կ϶ǾǣΪߣĺйأһʲôıƣʵв׻ʳ濹⣬ֻһֻ΢ϣ
ҵСѰһҪɱ
һ߳׷ɱļ̫ϳϢ۵һ𣬸ҧ
һ죬ټʢޣСסˣ뾪ν̸족ɫ䡣
Ҳһ죬һٴʢ
ڣ죬Ժȥ͡
Եúƽתۼٴλʢ޽
⣿
죬Ҫȥڣ
Цİɣ
ʿǴ󾪡
һ˲Ϣ佫ٴƸߣʢ޽ٴΪ֮𶯣Ϊ֮ڡ


675 ã˽һյԹ
ʢʿ˵඼ɵÿ
׻ʳŸΪ٣ڣȻȻҪȥڣ
⡭
Ҫ´ڣ
Ҫͬһ
ɣΪš
𺳡
촫ҪȥͣȻȻû˻ɵΪȥͣνͣ޷ȥ˶ϡ
ȥ
ʿ
һ죬һȺȺʿǳڳȥ
һСʿ㹫ȻҪȥ֮һڣ᲻ľҪǣ׻ʳ֮׻ʳ٣˶֪йأϸڣЩȴǲ캰ҪȥڣԺǿۿڵ棬ȻҪȥ
ȥ㣬ֻǿ֣սڣҲ㹻ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ھļ̫ϳǴŭ
죬Ǻڷ
ţ
һ׼Сθ㶨֮أ
ߣ
ǿڿնֱӳڳȥ
ú⼸ٽڣֻѾΧˣʱ䣬ɫЩࡣ˲ûж˵ʲôֻǺڡ
νڣΧŵʿ̫ˣҲǧˣôáҪǣڣǰ˼άȫϣҪ׼ɱ¡
Ǹо˴ѹ
֮ǰ߳ļ̫ϳȫˣǴǿߣףסʲô
⡭ȷʵ
ô˵Ǹ죬϶Щ̣򣬲ܷ
Ȼɡ
֮ſɡ
˵Ļ
Ӧûɡ
Сš

ϦѾʼ£ؽڰ֡
һƬСּ䣬ɫƽͣԵúܴݣûǰȥڡ
ĲӺƽͬһʵߡ
֮ǰҪǰڣʲô䶯֮ˣΪҪڴ߳ȥ׷ɱǼ̫ϳڣҲһǿڣӶһ򾡡
㹻ʱš

Сּ䣬һҲֻڵķȥ
ģϦ£ҹ٣ǳڲ֮ϡ

⣬ۼʿˣһƬѾǧˡ
ôû
춼ˣ⡭
ٵȵȡ
С
ڣǳԽԽ࣬ܿ죬һԲԻԡ
ƬС֣һƬĹΡ
ʱ䣬ơ
Ⱥ⣬ܿǵ˵ڶ峿ǳʧԲʧһֳԻ˳һƬº͵⡣
һʿۼطһҹȴɲֵʱʿɻ
û
òǹڰɣ
⡭
ü
ҲʱԱͻȻˣ
ͳЩȺ˷ܣʱ˽ƫͷȥ
Զһ޳ӰԵƽϳ֣ƽһط
һϮɫ㣬ɫԵúƽ
죡
˵
һ˱ûס˺ֱ졣
죬ʱʿǴžȣ˷ܺͼ죬Ȼˣһˣ
ͨɵһء
ΪΪʲôҶһ˴
ˡ
һЩϱǿü
һҹʱ䣬ߵţ㹻ڴǿ߻عˡʱطӰɫûʲô仯Ϊǵ֪ȻΧۡ
Ͼ֣ıܣȻʿҲ⡣
ɫƽڵͥȥ
ˣ
ͥ⣬һĵӴ󺰡
һͥҲǳΡ룬ңȫʯɡ
ܿͥǰ
ڵļͥԵһŵ죬ɫЩ΢ףԱ׼죬ȴˣûһ˸ҹȥ
ɫƽƲ䣬һǰֱͥڡ
⡭߽ȥˣֱӿ˽ȥ
Ĳ
ȥһˣͨɵһصΪֱ߽ڣûκһ˿ԥûκһ˿ɵ·ֻǲƽּ̹С㡣
һĻط˽ǵΪ֮𺳡ȻԵú˷ܣһͨɵһصʿֱӴΪ֮һڣĳ˵ǳ̼˴̼Ȼʿо˷ܡ
ˣĿǰĶ졣
ʱѾ߹ͥԶʮԶ
ܣͽΧм䣬ձ
ѣ
һ촫ڵͥ˵ıպϡ
·ϣ
С㵹ң

ڣӰ߳ӱ
ˣڴΣĵ򲨶ͬ嫺һӿ
ͬʱڵӳ˳һȦȦΧţڸλá
Уƽ
ɨһһͽƽڵͨǣҸǻᣬˣ뿪˵һߡ
Ȼһ⣬ǰΧ۵˶붯ݡʱѾΧڣǣɿʱȴôһ仰
ڣڵһڵҲһ
ܿ죬˵Ǻ
ѱˣǻ᣿
Ц
Ϊǣ
ŵޱ޼ˣ
գΨһ
һڵӣǷ̵Ķ졣
Щ֪ǿ˶ԼܹĶ֣һͬһҲûܺԵУôڣǵԼһļ̫ϳ϶ڣ
׻ʳ٣ȷʵǺйأǣڵĵӶһ뷨죬һʲôıƺ׻ʳվֻһ˶ѣֻͨɵһصʿѣ˳̶ȣûɻη塣
ƽ⡣
ĿƶɨʮͨʿЩˣҰǰ𻯵ţʱΪɱЩˣûɱЩȫ˻
ʮ˽Դͨɾ˿ӭĿ⣬΢ɫܲÿ
ˣǸǾΣǣ㴳ţҵȡûѡֻܣֻܡֻܳ֡
˿ڣ΢ק˫֡
鲻䣬û˿
áƽһգ𻯵ڣÿ϶ȾŵӵѪһշŹǣڣ˽һյԹ


676 ޵
Ļ𻯵űŹʮˣɫøѿһգΪɱȴǣȴҪӶҪ춯֣ȻһĹʵ£ʮ˶קȭͷ
Ǹ
һҧ
鵭ĮƽûʲôɱǸģ֣ʲôƫֻǶһʱˡ
ʮɫѿֻȭͷקĸ˼֣üᶨ
Ǹ
ֻ֣ʮˣжսͬʱҲе
ƽڣܴݣгһŰƴС
͵һ飬һĨɢģӿ뵽С
ߣ

һļ̫ϳ̧֣˵һܣܼƴӸ֣ķռȫһֻҲɲȥ
Źͷˡ
һ
ڵ̫ϳϣ˿һѹ£֡
տ֨죬һŤ
ȥһֻãĴգŨŨĵ򲨶ɱ⺧ˡ
⡭
Ҫô
ε
⣬˶ɴ˫ۡǿѹµɱ֣һͨɳڵʿҪôȥֵЩסǾãˣֱӴڣһ̣ԣʱĶ֮ڡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣһڶǸɫɭȻ
ˣ
ô׻ʳۼʵվֻң
ߣ
Ц
ˣ
죬֯ƺƵĳ¡
д;Ҳֱɱ㣡
һ̫ϳ
ֹãȥ
Ȼһֵ̣˱ɫѹµĴ֣Ҳ䲻ȥˡ
𶯣ͣҡ
ߣʲô
һ̫ϳü
̫ϳҲ⣬ͬʱ̫ϳϣΪβȥ
ͬʱһ˺һڵҲɻɫŹ֡
ֵĵ̫ϳҧ̽ٴζ죬¡
ϧȴѹȥ
ô£
ͷ΢
Ҳʱ춯ˣֵ̧һָ
ݵһһâɳͬԽ˿ռ㣬˲Ϣû˵üġ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ֱ飬ֵһԵڵء
˫ţǣе֮ȴգۼʧӰ١
ߣ
һ̫ϳϱɫȫߣɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ΧߣڵһڵӣǸо˶ֵĵ̫ϳ״Ѿ֪Էһһε
ˣ
૵
һʱ䣬һ
һǿߣȻһͨɳʿԼ򵥵һָնˣ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼϡ
𺳣
㤣
⡭ôģǿǣǡڰ
˶¡
ʱȻһǿ߶ǲһֻһָѣĵ̫ϳϾˣ궼ӳ⾿ô£죬ֻͨɵһصΪΪô£
㡭ʲô
̫ϳϵͺ
ƫͷȥĮΨЦ
ǰϾƹ뿪ʱΪһŽ֮飬еѾ鲼ڣǵۻֻԸоĲʱãǵһصˣҲ׽֮նɱ
ûж˵ʲôһںĵ̫ϳϣһָ
ݣ
һɳԽռ䣬˲Ϣ
ۣ
޿ܣһĵ̫ϳüıᴩʮԶһײһû˰㶯֮ͬǰ˰㣬Ϣɢ

̫ϳϴС
Ѱ̫ϳϵһ̫ϳϣҲˡ
⡭ôܣ
ʲô
ǿߣָ͡ô᣿
⣬˶ǲ
ָɱǿߣͬһĥ֮У
⡭
ܣ
ô
ڣһڵӸɫ
ʱЩ˶죬ȫ־ֹסɪɪ
ɱ󣡡
һ̫ϳϴ
һ̣УԭֶĸܼɱӿѹƬսʵһѡ
̧֣һתһƬɫɢʱɱָᵯɫ⽻֯ӿܡ
󣬽ֻ˲䣬еܼݺһ»ָƽ
һĵһ̫ϳȴֱӿȳһѪ
㡭նϷͻڴϵ
ɫҡ
ʱ޷ƿڵĻڴˣڴ󣬲ٻӦ
ڣǵĻڴҵġ

Ͼƹ̵ʵ̫ǿˣʱ˷ԾʽתһֱӽڵĻڴռΪС
ԣһһˣһ
ԼһĻڴ󣬳ˣ
ܣҪΣ
һ̫ϳϺȵ
ƽǾԡ
䣬ӡʱ䣬ڵĻڴâܼɱ£һڵĵ̫ϳɨɣԶڿѪǱ
һ£طٴβ
ڵĻڴ󣬾Ȼƿˣ
桭ĳĴˣ⣬⡭
УǸʦɡĿ֮Ѿô𣿾Ȼܹ׶ȡڱ˵Ĵ󣿣
⣬һ˾
ֱ˶ʲộӦǿԺǲûмʲôر£ͨɵһصΪȴǱô£ɱǿʿ׶ȡ˵Ĵʵ̫ˣ˶ǲ⡣
ȵȣͻȻ˿ڣղţһöֵĹ
ֵĹ⡭񣬺£
ô˵Ļ֮ǰҲˣһѵѵǡ
һǹ
˵
ʱЩ˾ãҪôǿԭֻǹˡ
ڣһ̫ϳϵһǸղŵö췽ĹȻˣΪʱûڹϸоʲôر𲨶ֻĳͨû⣬ֻǸʱŴֹӶݳȥ˿̣ǹ𣬼ҲǸо˹Ź֣ͷƤһ顣ô˼˿ǿƺȷʵǹѲ˹ϵ
ǲΪǹ
Զɱɨɵһĵ̫ϳվ
ɫĮƫͷȥң
ŲһΣ˲ǰֱ̧֣һȭ¡
㡭
ۣ
˵嵱ķѣѪˮգҲһ顣


677 Ʒ
ѪˮڿУ˿Ѿ߹ңǣȴоһ
תۼ䣬ڱɱ
⡭
һȭֻһȭ
𣿣
Ⱥ̿֡
ԶԶվ⣬ʱ˵඼ںݺݵĲš
ͬһʱ䣬ڵһڵĺʱֹסķ
ôôܣ
˶¡
һĵ̫ϳϣȻֻһȭͱɱˣ
һ̣ǿĵһ̫ϳҲļˡ
㣬㡭
˶죬ͫײס˸
쵭Įƫͷȥƽ죬۶۳һ貵⽣
ﬣ
һնһֱӸѳա
۵һԶһĵ̫ϳϱһ飬ҽжֱ
֣һ
ǿߣѡѾǣǣĸˡ

Ⱥ
תۼ䣬ɱĸǿߣ
죡
ŭ
һʣ̫ϳϣ˿̸˫Ŀͨ죬ŭ㡣
ĸǿ߰Ȼôûˣ

˴ⶼǿӿֶͬʱɱȥʱﻹʲôϻ£ڣѾĸ̫ϳϱն˰Ǻεȵʧǲɳ֮أ
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ƭմ𶯣غ𶯣ɫҲͬʱ֡
һ˲䣬Ũĵɢ˷Բʮڵпռ䡣
һ򣡡
򣡡
򣡡
ϱǿľ
ǿƿдܻ֮Ĵֻƿĳһ˿ǣȴҲ㹻ֲˣһԿ⣬ֵˡ
ʱͬʱʩչ֮һȼʮɷٵܣмѹ£ǿɲһС
һ˲䣬챻ɵΧ
ҪôԿֵһɡ
˶ݣȻ˵꣬㱻ֱӴˡ
ﬣ
һ̶Ľѹһ
ǿĵ֮ѹĶܼ򵥣ֻ̧֣ӳһ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
죬ɵ֮뱻顣
ͬһʱ䣬ֵ˱ˣ³һѪ
̫ϳĲĶ죺㡭
ۣ
һֱӽն顣

һĵڶ̫ϳϾŭӡ
ڣһڵӣִºͨϷʱȫ־֣Լһǿ̫ϳϺȴת˲ֱɱһˡ
⣬ʱѻȸΧ۵ˣһ̼Ǵˡ
ӣ
ڵһ̫ϳϺ͵ڶ̫ϳŭ𣬺һһڱ¯˳ڱ¯һƵ΢⣬͸΢⣬Կ¯¯ķӡʼһֱɢ׵ơ
ڵƷ¯
˾
䣡
¯һʱ䣬һɼΪɲϢӿ֣ͬǾһɻԵ쫷㣬ϯܡһ̣ڵĵһ̫ϳϺ͵ڶ̫ϳϺ߶ڵգۼ仯һȼŵ̫ƺƵѹ졣
һյѡ
ͬһʱ䣬¯ڣгҵĻӿ·ܹپһУķ
̧ͷлһĨ⡣
ûй˼ʲôŲһΣֱӿѹǿ¯
⣿
ֱӳȥ
ǿƷ¯ɷپһа
Ĳ

ڵĵһ̫ϳҧӷĴ߶¯ʹ¯ӿֲ
һһյĿռ䶼̮ˡ
ɫĮֻһͿ¯
⽣̧һͼֱ֣ӳǰѹ¡
ƷǺǿΣվֻǾڴѣܳڣʱϾƹڣоԼһص˶ɱôηһǿߴ߶Ʒ
ˣ
ͼѹ£һϾƹµ֧ţʱޱʥɫâ󣬼ɲǼѣͼӡ¯ϣֱʹڱ¯ðֳֹץԼС
棬ڵĵһ̫ϳϺ͵ڶ̫ϳͬʱѪŵŵŵĺˡ
ͼѹ£ֱĨ¯йصӡǣʹ˶˷ɡ
һ̣¯â֯ϳ
ǿ
¯лһĨâ
ǰϾƹⵯָ׻ʳƷˣһϧʱڵƷĶʱƽ˲١
ڵƷ͡ôˣ
ҵ졣
֮ǰʲô
⣬һȻ
ڵĵһ̫ϳϺ͵ڶ̫ϳȻŭͬʱȥ
ǣ
˸չֳͨͬʱҲ֮
ƫͷ⽣ӳһâն
ۣ
һڶ̫ϳը
һ¯ʶһͼ֣˲Ϣһһ̫ϳϼͨң֮ͼûɢֱϣڵȫӡԵʧȥһΪ
һ˵ڵϣһվ׼ٴιɱ죬һ̣ȴֱ¶֮ɫ㡭ʲôһ̣оˣͨ򵥵似޷ʩչ
ɨˣһŽ߷ʮԶݺײڲԶһɫʯϡ
˱Ŵʯ£һͷǶϵ˴룺㣬㡭죬˿вͣӿѪ
鵭ĮһԴʮͨɳϣҾۼ׵һˣǰ𻯵ţҪ𻯵šǼ£ûۣŹһǰ𻯵ŵʮͨɳϣֻն˵𻯵ŵͽҰңǸӡȻǷǵ飬ȴֱӿڣҪҵұƳ𻯵ţ׷ɱҡ
ˣɫòп飺˵ڣһڣʱʱɱ㣬ۿһٵڣһնͽڳ״ʢ޳
䣬һ𣬽̶ܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ֻһƬڵը
һĵһ̫ϳϾҲ˫۶ٺ죺㡭ס֣
ɫĮֱˣĿɨڵʮͨɳϣʮˣһҰǰ𻯵ţɱ𻯵ŵӡգΪŹЩˣڣˡ
ﬣ
Ӷ⽣һٽ
һ˲㱻ˣһ޴Ѻۣͬ֩ܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬סʮͨʿһ˲ը


678 
ʮͨʿһ˲䱻ն˸ɾѪգ欶̺졣
У۶ɵɱâ˸һյԹˡ
һ˲˲ĺˡʮǿߣͨɲΣͨɾϣȴֻһɱˣ

һĵһ̫ϳŭ𣬷ĳ
쿴һۣһƣֱӽ֮ɣɶԶ
ƫͷһˡ
ˡ
ƽ
һ̼䣬ܵĻڴתɱԻ
һ˲䣬εɱȫ֡
ﬣ
ͬʵĽɱ۳ɽ̬֮һն¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪɲǼ䱬һһĿġ
ڵĻڴڣȫתȻܿ£һ̣תһʹڵĻڴ󱬷ʷǿƣһܼɱⲻͣĴ˷Ին£ոһһڵӺִ³ϵ

ҽлصֵ֯ڿС
һĻ⣬˶һ̲ס
ԼĻڴȴȴ
£
죬ֱ
˾㤡
ڵĻڴԴ˴ո֮˵ǺεȵǿƣεȵĿ£ڵ˵⣬Ǻεȵķ̣

̫ϳϣ

һͣ֯
ЩһѪը
һĵһ̫ϳϻȥ첢ûֱɱ˿̣һĻĻһͽǰɱֹסĲ۾ѪһƬ˻ס֣ס֣
鵭Įһתĸ죬ʹڵĻڴøӿ£ɱøǿɱ£ȻһЩ벽ǿߣҲǵֵסܹݵסʮɱ⣬ȴǵֲסٵǧɱâ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ͬڷѪɫطֻһѪڽ䣬ķ
ҡҲΪˣţŹҰ
˲ġ
󣬸˿ڡ
ҡ뿪ڣҪɱǣҲҲֻжѰ
㡭֮ǰ˵ֻҪ룬뿪򣬻վһߣͣͲɱǣ
ԡԣңھߣˣ
һ˲
鵭Įû˿ӦֻɱøŨЩ
һʼʱЩ˻ᣬɱһͨӣȻڸЩ˻ʱЩȴһķ¶ɱĶΪмǿڣˡڣƱЩ˵Ԥ룬Щ˿ʼģʼԼֻУƾٶˣ飬Ź
ڣŹ
ﬣ
ڴƵɱʢɱˣĲҽ;ҲøŨ
Ѫ⣬ٶȸ졣
̫ϳϣ
ס

һڵӾȣͬһЩͨɾĳҲ⡣
һΪ׵̫ϳ϶һĻֹסĲֱӿȳһѪס֣סְһ̣ڵһڵӣһִ£һڳϣһǰըһǰոֱӷ
оʹˣ˺ѷ𣿡ЦͺãҪľˡ
𻯵Ǽ£ʼͻڣ̫Ҫˣ
ﬣ
طɱĿͣն¡
ڵ˶ԣһǿµգڴסʮռ䣬һɱⲻͣ䣬ͬɱȦļ㣬ûκ⡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪⲻͣĿġ
طҽһžֵ֯ϡ
תۣСӹȥ
ʱƬռڱðҽЩûˣΨһ߾ʬ˵ڵϣֻѪˮһڵر
ˡֻʣһģ̫ϳϡ
⣬˶¡
С̵ʱ䣬վԭأûŲһֻһ߶һĻڴնɱһȴǵһ̫ϳϵˡ

һĵһ̫ϳ˻Ŀѣ
죡
УΪŭ¾Ѫ
鵭Įƫͷȥ

˻⣬Ϊ⣬ͬҰް㣬ĳɱ
꣬ʧˡ

Ͼƹ֧ţڵ㹻޵С
֣һ۵һնķѣ
˲䣬Ƭռŵ㡣
⡭
棬ġȫˣ
ڣ١ˡ
⣬һ˲
һصʬ壬Ѫˮ˶£ɫһƬѩס
̽׵ţѰҺ׻ʳ֮죬ֻڣ
һˣĸĸ
ʲôˣ
˾㤡
ڣ⳯ɨۣҲ⣬̧ȳһȥ
úһ̲ͨĵطûôϸеͨطȫװ뵽һʯСʯԷǳ󣬵ǵȴһˣȶźܶ࣬ңڲռ䶼ܴ
̲߳ͨĵطһı⣬ʼһ򿪣ʱдƬĹâ֣һڱʣɭ⽻֯УһɨʮϰٵıȣȫһԵʯС
ϴӽ׵ź׻ʳıҲгټˡ
лһĨâ
ƿпرԺ԰ʩչرǸǺεȿֲĳ棿
˵ڱһ򣿾ϼһｲĵƺҲǳԵ򡣡

ڵڶʱ֪ˣرǸϲĴ֮ǰΪǵ򣬵ǵ˵ȴֲˣȻҲô˵رԴڵ֮ϡ
һĹĹվѣôĿر֡
Щ档
˶٣ɵҡҡͷЩ£ȥ롣
бúѰһЩ鵤ҩ㲻ףҲһ
ֹȥãһ龧ĵط侧Ө˸Ų龧
ɨһۣţԼҡ
ҲͱʮŶ࣬ʳѰңֱûȡ
Թҡͷ
һ֣龧ʯС
֮ѰһãһЩмֵĶȫǴ߳ʱоڵʼˣԼܼһӵʱ䡣
һʱ䣬㹻ˡ

һĵϣֱһȭ£ʱرķѡ
ŵ˸ܿӵڵĵص磬ʮԽ֯ޱŨ⡣


679 ·ĹŴ
£ڵĵصױ鲼ʮⲿҲǿķţȴǶԴ˲⣬ڣϾƹµ֧ţǿߣҪƵȽƣȻǼܼ򵥵¡
תƽ֯£͵һǽʮĽƸ顣
ˣ
̧˫֣һٶȽӡʮӵǣܼƲƶϡЩƲƶϣģʮСսǻһ糤ңָ̧ץС
˻
⡭
ͣôڵʮ
ǡʲôֶΣ
ôģ
⣬ȺĲ
ǿԭÿǧɳȴȫѹһ糤
콫ʮĵͷ׻ʳϾƹԾԵ׻ʳĶʮѹһſŹ飬Ͼƹڼص֮ı塣
ܹʮˣټʮ龧㹻ҿͨɵڶأܺúùһ硣

ò˵ڶʱڵõô龧ԺͨɵڶأʵǴϲ⾪ϲͬʱʵҲͦЩΣΪʵ̫龧ˣͨɳڴﵽͨɵڶأҪķôԴ
ʱվڣһ΢紵һѪζ
˶٣ڿնʮɵĵطٴθֳһȫ۶ɵĽĮն¡
һ⣬ȴǺţϾϾƹµ֧š
䣡
ڴ𶯣ķѣе̮һɳ
̳ɢȥڳ̮ԭԻ͵ĵ¥ȫ飬һȼܿʹټһƬ𺣡
⣬⡭
˶¡
ǿڣôһƬȼŵһ
ĲƬ𺣣ϵ죬˽ǲɵò
һ̣죬ЩֻоһƬֱǡ񰡣
ϣɨЩһۣڴͣһԶȥ
ֱԶطһʿǳһ
ɡ£
˲
ܿ죬طһпٴݿȥתۼ䴫ʢޡ
ȥڣڸ
׻ʳŸոձ٣˻δƽϢڱǽ󱻸𣬶ǻͬһУٴʢһ񳱡
׵ţѰң׻ʳڡһˣĸУ
ϸͷ
ʢ޵ʷƾãǣôһƾõʷзŵ£һ䣬ֻһѣһСʿȺٵĸǿ󴫳УиƬʢ޵ʳ֮һ
ĸаôˡ
ǡ
úݣ
ʲôݣҪ˵⼸ǻã
ңҲôɣңɵıݣ˵ЩĴһΪǣΪԼ߸ϣˣٵã𣡡
ʢн磬ϡ
̶̰ʱ䣬ʢ޵ķ˱Ƶ߳˶ƽˡ
ĸӴĴһͬһУһСʿУ
𺳣

ͬһʱ䣬ϱǿ뵽ʢ޵ĸ֣ƻˡ
һʿһ
ʮţ׵ŻˡڣڻˡѰң֮򡣶ҪǣƬʳ֮һ׻ʳҲٵˡ
ԭŵĸ֣ѵ˰
졭
ǿļ¡
һˣıʢ޵֣£
Ҳһ죬ʢޣ𾪵ͬʱ֪һ¡죬ʮˣעҪʢ޵ʷŨҵһʣ

ʱ䣬һιȥա
һϣɫƽͣͬ㣬һĸо
ǰϾƹٵڣնˣԾһմѪȣͬ׻ʳʮ˾ݵʱǰ㣬ȥһƬĵСּ֣ȻϢϴϵĻѪɷֱ֮һ߳
ʱĽŲǰδеӯֻо·ͷһʯж˰㡣
ڣԻ𻯵ˡ

׵ţڣѰң׻ʳĴѾȫٵٵĺ͹ʲôˡ
ѩҹƣΪϲɵøЦرѩҹܼŮˣȹļǿŮ
ЩĽŲɵøЩѭһ򣬳𻯵Ŷȥ
úҪǰȥ򣬵ڣȥǰǰȻ𻯵š
΢ţһʮɣߵľɿ쵹ˡ
һ̣һһΣյźųС
ûü˼ǚiֱӺʮԶ
ͣ
ͬһʱ䣬ǸλϣһɭɭֱӻһƬռ䡣

һĮ𣬴Ӳϴ
̧ͷֻ꽵£һźɫۣһɫۡ

ɫ΢䡣
꽵£оޱĵ򲨶ǳŨ
ͬһʱ䣬ͷĺҲһͷ­΢ͫ¶֮ɫ
ʲôˣ
ʵ
ڵһɱ߽׿ʦûǰɡ
鵭Į
ٴζݣ򵥵һ仰ֱʹƲ˵ݡ
Ĺ
ͷһ
ػصһʱ޵۹Ļʹնһ߽׿ʦԷǻĹˣһǻĹڵһĺˡʱɱ߽׿ʦǲ²⣬Էܻ룬Ȼˡ
ˣɫޱأϼӽ䱸
ˣǴڴ
Աߣ꿪ڣ纮ɱ󣬽
ڵһն߽׿ʦĵһʱ䣬ĹĴ͸ֶβ׽ףǲ׽ɱǣһǰһ򣬲Ǹʱ򣬱ǲһˣŸոսٵһ򣬱ǱںڰɭֵϾնɱ˲ؼĨ
֮󣬻ĹĴƲһӦмµĴţԽһȥܻᱻնɱȥǣԣǾڸϲ׷Ѱ졣ãȻƿɱ󣬱ǾԲһ㣬һǰߵ
ԣʱһѰ졣
ɫɱ£Ĺˣ
ˣѰɱ󣡶ңڶɱһɱ
ڻĹʿ˸ûаԥû˵仰ֱӺˣԶȥ
ǰɱǿвˣȴϾƹ֮ڣ֮Ѿɢȥﻹпܺʹǿ濹⣿
Ӷõѡ
лһĨâߣ
䣬ֱ֣̽ڱգѹ¡


680 һֵ
ѹգֻоܵĿռȫˣ·뵽֮ذ㣬жúܳٻʱ򣬴Ѿ˹
ҧ޿κ֮£ȭӭźѹµĴȫȥ
飡
ȭʱƵ⡣
ֱӺɣһʹѿһ϶ʺѪˮ˳
ǰҧԼǿһսȻûκһ˿ĿԣȫһȭȴҲǵסӳһƣʵ߼ľ̫ˡ
ͨɳڵΪһƺ󣬾ȻֻǻЩ΢˫ۣȻЩȣˣȻ򵥣
Ȼٲ򵥣Ҳֻǲͨɵһѡ
ͷ졣
ռʱָɴӿʹ켹һֱӴԡһ̣չһ磬תۼ䳯Զȥ
ţ
ǡԣ
һ
׷

â˸Ŀռ΢һʮԶ
ںͷ­ϣߵĳһ˵ٶȺˣ쫷ֱ졣
ﬣ
һµĽ߻
䣡
ûɨȴǽǰһƬնķѣʯܡ
쳯ȥͺ׷ͺԻһξ룬ȴڽС
ͣ¡
괫Į
첻Եٶȸ죬һɫ磬ٴξ롣
˫һԣһ˿ѪѵҲ߱һ˿ǵȴ˵еķ֮٣ٶȣɿһĴǿˡ
ûʲôˣ
䡣
̧֣ʮն˿ռ䡣
ֻоͷƤܼĽնѾǵٶȿԱܿ
ûԥֱӽһڱ¯
ˣ
ڱ¯ϣʱ䷢ĺͬһı˰㡣
ڱ¯֮ǰᣬΪ¯Ϊڵǿ̱ʱ߶֮£ɨǿȫ
Ʒ
궯ݡ
ڣĮĺҲ¶ɫпٻһĨâ
öһˣߵֵã
¶Цͬ㶯֣ܼĽâѹȥ
һ֣ңƱøǿ˼֡
ļ鷳ҪķѲģҲһƿأԣǿ߶ûԼĵˡһڵһƷεĵܲģ
ĹĴֻҪǴ죬ɱϵǱûж˵֮ϵǵģ
֮ɱ󽻳Ƥ֮ࡣһ߶֣һߵ˵ӦúΪӲ˵ġ
𣡡

¯ǰٴ٣ͬɫɶݡ
֪ô
ҡͷ
̧֣һִĽâնա
Աߣָݣÿһޱȿֲɱ
¯ֵǰ߶ܼĻ棬յ̮˲٣ȽâȻΪȻƷ֣ȴҲǲ濹ǿߣǿס˻ӳĽ⣬ȴ˲ˡ
ȣ
пѪֻоЩ
ͨɳڵΪһڵȻǿҵȵĹ

ڵͬʱֵأƬâת˷£
ˣָӰԵ
ȫʩչ¯ͬһʱ䣬һ߳Զȥһ߽뵽ڣһ߶ƷԵ˵Ĺ
һʱ䣬˵໥𶯣âһӰͣƵƬС
飡
κͺͬʱⴴ˵Ĺĺɡ
ҧѪˮֱ
䣡
ٴ٣ںڵɷ֮һٴζԶͺ궼Ĵǿߣ濹ڣΨӡ
ӵ𣡡
䡣
ɫĮʲô飬һ˿Ѱʶ
˿粽ϣͬʱ֣ɱ֮ӿ¡
䣡
䣡
䣡
âɱ⽻֯Ŀռϡ
ͺһߵֵһ߷ɶݣܿǹȥʱ
飡
һΣһһԺɣǴڿѪ
ȾѪҲ࣬ۼ׶˲٣˺صˡ
ӣӶá

˺ñһʵɱ㣬Եúܲпᡣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̧֣ǴƬɱѹͺԡ
ȫʩΪ߶¯ֵǰ
е¯ܲͺҲͺȴ̫ǿˣǴڴϣ֮ǰʱȻͺȫ߶¯ҲȫסˣⴴǺԵٶȺܿ죬ܿһĴڣÿÿܺ˱һľңͺͱѹɱˡ
ˣ
նĽ¯ϣٴη޹İĺ
źԵĻȫ߶¯һǿ˵ĹԼȴҲǺݺһѪڣһٴӿϺңͬһʱ䣬ΪʼڶҲͬ𵴣ٶȶʱ
˿һɫĮһһƬɭɭ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
¯ϣͣص
ȫ߶ڱ¯ȴǺ䣬һɭɭ⻮
ƷǰͷϣԵһֵǣ뿪һȥҪٸҡ
ͺ̫ǿˣҲǴϵΪͺʵȻôҲֵܵˣٶȣҲȫ벻˵׷ɱ£ۺԣ뿪ţͺԲȥ׷ɱԣֻ׷Ͼ˵Ŀ꣬
ԵͺֱӾܾ
һͲµԲӦȴǺܸж
΢һǽŵΣҵģ뿪ź׷ͺ꣬ȾѪȴޱȱ䣺һֶΣǲһѹңһҷǲʩչһЩӰ졣
ٴεͺơ
ң촫̯öʯ両ֶ棬н׵ţڣ׻ʳͨĴ󲿷ֱʹ󲿷鵤ҩԼнӽʮҵ龧뿪ȥ𻯵ţ֮𻯵ŵΪպ𻯵УʺС
˵ţУһöʯ両ֶ棬Ŷʮö飬׻ʳصµĶʮﵽ𻯵źΪ㣬֮֮ٺķһҵʱӦܹ򡣡


681 
ԭʮ龧ʮͨɵڶأˡΪ֮λڣ𻯵ŵˣˣȻΪԼźǣԣԷһֱͨɽʱ񱻺׷ɱ໤Ǵʹ壬ܶԷΪɱɵʾúΪ
ʮԣ֮󣬺ʮ𻯵ţѩҹƵˣҲŷǳİʮ龧ͨͱȣǽ𻯵ţ𻯵ŵʵһ޴ڶʱڴﵽǵȸ߶ȣڣǴﵽʳǵȳ̶ȣӦҲûʲô⡣
ԶͨɵڶظмֵϾڿͨɵڶأֻͬڿһС̨ףսǿ̫࣬ͬվشﵽͨɾǰɱ䡣ʵڽȴпܳΪĴ
񣬳ȴ¯⣬ֻԼ˰ʮر֮ãʮΪ
ߣ
ٴζԺԴ
öʯ䶪ԣһƳɶԶͬʱԼڿն𣬲ǚiһȥ
һ˶ߣ޷ȥжԼԺĽ֣ǣܺܿ϶һ㣬ǾǣֻҪͺԷֿԿ԰ٷ֮ٻȥ
΢¡¡һ̷·ǻһ磬ٶ֮죬ĺͬʱݡٶȣȺԵ۷ٶȲˡ
׷
ͺȡ
ʱͬԤϵǰ㣬ԣֱӳ׷ȥ
ǵĿ꣬죡
ԵͺҪ׷ȥȴѾˣ֮ǰΪɶݣܵԶأټʼ߶¯ٶʵѾ۷ʱһˣתۼ䣬Ұбʧȥ˵Ӱ

ǚiɶݣֻѭһ򣬲֪ǰǺδ
ȥ׷֮ľڿС
ɣӲˡ

̧֣ٴɨƬâЩĴ
콫ʶӡ̵µİϣԿر¯ǿͬʱǚiҲʩչޣԶɶݡ
չǡر
һͨɳڵϣȻһٶңȻڿر˼˼ˣ
жǻһĨâ˳ָӵ
һʱ䣬ĽâɱܼԺܿ¡
Щâɱ¯Ͱϣʱʱ죬ٴοӿѪʱʱˡ
ֻǣȴʼպ䡣
ǚiּͣǹâ˸һƷɿûϵʯСöʯУʮСڵصµʮ˿̣ƽ֯һƣһȫûʯУʮ
ﬣ
Ӻ治ն
һ߲ǚiɶݣһʩչƽʯУرֶΣٿӡʮȥ̾ʮˣԸʮǵȻԵٵ꣡
Ϊ˺ǿܸߣԣΪһܹɹֻһ̵ľʮˣԼҲܵǸʱ¯塣¯վޣסһ˶ǿٻԣͺԶԣҲú뿪ԭ֮һ
һ·ɶݣתֲۣ֪˶Զ
ʱ򣬺ڱƵǰһǰһΧм䡣
ӹ˰ɣʵ򣡡

˵һ̧֣ڱһƬ񷣬ѹ¡
ͬһʱ䣬Ƕֳ֣ͬ̽ץȥ
ǲӹˣ

ϣʯâһʮСɳʼһֱɢһɿֲĻʱ򣬺˱ƵǰҲǡɣ
㣿
ͬʱɫΪǿߣ˿ҲǸо˾޴в
ԷɿٶȽϵڣƿ¯ǰƽ֯ȫͬʱֻͼҲ

˫ֽӡڡ
£ʮ˲Ϣը֮һɾκˣϯʮ
䣡
ط̮سݣԲڣ֮Ｘһ˲ȫ٣µĹâûС
֮Ҳ֪˶ãȹâɢȥ
ϣȾѪɢֻͼ飬¯ҲǳܼѺۣҡҡ׹
ѪڴϢɫüΪ԰ס

ŭ
һߣãͷԿɿ
΢ɫͨɾΣƿز֪վʱǿ˶ٱԶ֮ʮǵȻƻȻ꣬Ļ´

˷ͳŭŭ
λóʮıըڹؼʱȼһƱԴͨǿȻˣȴĴ˿̣ϵϢ˥͹ȡңԴҲǳ˲Ѻۡ
Ժ󣬶Ҫ
ҧ
ǿߣ޸Ųת۱Ƶǰ
ֻͬʱ̽ڱķץ졣
ɫ԰ףת߶¯ֵ

ʱһͻȻ
طͻȻһ޴ɫѷ죬һɾ˵ת۴
ռ
ղŵǹɻǵܣŴһ
˱ɫ
˾ȵ˲Ϣ޴ֱӽ˳ѷ֮С
ɫѷλԶʹҪԶ룬ȴվûгɹ
ˣ
Ť˵ǰת۱Ҳ뵽ɫѷ֮С
ɲǼ䣬ҰһƬڰ
ܣŤһƽ֯
֪ڲҶǿԼĵȴ
֮Ҳ֪˶ãǰâ˸ڰɢһɴޱߵĺڰ׳
˫ڵϵһ˲䣬Զɭɱֱϡ
Сϣ
ŸոմӿռܱߵĻǼҲ˳ĿʱǱޱɭȻ볯˹
ҧٺˡ
¡
ʱԶһĴ죬ƬضΪ֮һΡ
ݣͣ£ķԴȥ
ͬʱ¶ɫɵһ
ƫͷȥҲɫٱ䡣
ʮ⣬һƬʣããޱߣͬϵطһ˷һ궼Ŀ²
ǣʢصķָ㣬ءӣ
ͷһ


682 
Ϊʢ޺ƬһӸӣǵϵأУǿ߶Ի
¡
˷һһǳɣǵȳֱǺš
ĿԻգʮ⣬ӱԵԶһʯĸ֡𿿽ĸؼ򵥣ԾܿȥѾ˷ǳƾõ£ȴŵĵʣȻҲǿ
꣬ϱǿĸ֣ԾʾˣĪҪط
е
ɫأֱӺԶ룬ǰӣоһȻ
طܴ
һߣҲںˣȻҲоطĿ¡
һ̣ɫܵĿռ·𱻸ˣ˲ȥ
ô£
ͺȡ
ҲڴܣͼԶӵλãȴûκã˲ˣ󷽵Ŀռ䱻һζµĴˡ
ȻҲļ£ʢŵһ仰Ӱɣн޳˸֣˼ˣӰɷΧڵĿռ䣬Խȥǣ޷߳
ҲΪˣʢ޴ϣʿԸǰɽħðѰȴûһԸ⿿ӸݴǿҲ⡣


ǿռôˣط
һߣҧ˳ȥ½Ŀϣǰ̽ɱ󽻳Ҷ˽߽׿ʦɱ󣬴һ뿪ʱǲɱ㣡
ʱҲǵǽطĿ̫䣬Ǹо˴вܾٶͣһǶʱǿǰӼֱһͷĸ񣬷·ʱոǵ
쾡ҲżĻȴ̲סЦɱ󣬴һ뿪ɱԼ׳
¯ǰâת׻
˶úɫһ
ʶ̧٣
꺮ֱӶץ졣
ͬһʱ䣬Ƕ֣΢ĵ򲨶֯
ҧ߶¯ӭϡ֮ǰʮȻĺ˴ԼҲ˴󲨼˿̣˵ʵԶǿ
һ߼¯һ˼Բߡ
¡
˵ĺٴһɵĺҪϸ죬ĴҡվЩվȣĹǱʧΡ
ȥʮ⣬ӷ·һͷ˯ŵĺͻȻ˰㣬һɼΪ˵Ϣ֯ɸߵĺܼĳ𣬷·Ҫ񷡣
˳첻ɵþͷƤ£ʵ⻭̫ˡ
ǴĺҲǱɫ
¡
һ˰ɣ񷡣
ʮ˾ֱӳطѹ˹ɫ䡣

̲סŭ
ϧŭûκãĺ£˷Բڵпռ䡣
˵һ£Ĵضһ졣
תۼ䣬ͬʱû˳С
¯ǰˣȴǸоһɴ̹ǵıӵˮ·Եһ㣬ˡңͬһʱ䣬ĺǣӺºˮԴһɴУھȥ
ʱǸطӰ棬Σ
ûκԥֱֶ֧ο⣬ֵεĴȻĺǣ̺Ĵ̫ˣⲻˣס
ֻһ˲ѣֱ뵽ӵķΧڣڹ֮С
Ķˣƿڴ

ŭ
ԶǱ˸ϯڲ
ʱ˶Ե÷ǳǱ
˽ǱģԭЦϧȴЦʱ𶯳¯ӱԵȥ롣
¡
𶯣һ˳Ĳ񷶼Ϊ֮ҡѹʮ
ɫæ¯ĹΪأ漴һ̣Ǳһɴȥֲ֪Զס̧ͷȥʱӱԵѾˡ
ϤŭԱٴ𣬺ͬһ㣬ҲǱطڿܣӺ׳˳Щ˳ܿ£ǱУܻᱻֱ뵽ӵײȥʱ򣬿ɾˡ
ϣɱƷ
ֱѹ

ΪǿߣǷ˿̱֮ڣĸоһвԶ֮ǰӰϵֲҪǿңǵ궼Щսٴζ֣ǿǷĿ֮ȥ
ʱǵ뷨֮ǰӰʱһѹ죬ɱƷǵʵ뿪ط
䣡
ʱһͷ۵״ͻأԹˮ׳ֻһͷ­зݰ޴󣬽֯һɼΪ˵ĺɷϢ״޳λÿźֱ꣬ӱſѪڣ¶ɭɭݣꡣ
꾪֣ȫûϵһĻܶ
ۣ
޸ֱӽҧ飬ڸ¸С
ʧɫ庮庮Ǻ֣һɫѩףֺæźˣԶԶ㿪ͷ״ޡ
ԶҲǸоͷƤһȻˣɱϾҲǴǿ߰񣬾Ȼ˲ͱһڸ̵ˣƺ˵Ļʢ޺ؽڣޣɵǿߡ
¡
ӹֱӴļ¡
ӵĺøӷˣһ˳һ̶ʮɸҡ
ЩʮߵĺԶû֮ǰЩɸߵĺ˾ˣǣЩʮɸߵĺʱȴǸоֱ׹а㡣ΪЩнһͷĿޣۼףǣÿһͷɢżΪ׿ɷͬǴԶħгĻס
㣬һٶͷ
ôᣡ
ֱӾˡ
𣡡
ͷٴξһ캣ˡ
ͫ죬̣ǽ֯׿֮ɫϢš
Сϣ죬¯ɱң߶ʩչ
󺰣
һʱѣ
ܣͷƫͷ·Ǽ˻ԾŵĿѹ˹ȥ
ĵ
ס

ҽдתۼѣ걻˺ƬĿѪˮȾƬ档
ֻоŰʳֱ꣬¯壬ǚiԶߡʱ򣬴ƬããڣѾжûˣڣֻѭһλӶݣֻҪЩ޵ߡ
𣡡
˻ƫͷסֱӳ˹ȥһˡ


683 Ƭ
ӿ쳯ȥʱͷƤһ顣һʮɵĿ״˳źԶǸоһɿֲɷ
ҧ¯ɨһ⣬ǚiʩչĸ죬ͬ㴩ϡ
𣡡
޵ͺֱӱ¯ɱ⣬˲ϢƵǰ
ɫ¯ǰһӿ롣
ˣ
һβ¯ϣֱһ졣
Ѫ¯һ絾˰ɣֻоͷˡ
ѾϵУڴϢѪˮһڡ
𣡡
Զ˹ٴѹ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ǰЩðһѹ˹ֲء
ͷתӡ
ϧڵ״̬̫ˣңڣٶȣôܱȵϱ;Ƭڵǣתۼֱ׷ϣݳ˺ҧ

ҧ
¯壬˵һֻͼ𣬺ƺƵѹһޡ
Ȼһȴ˿Ҳ⣬ֱ
һֻͼ飬ٴοѪɡ
ʮԼҲܵ˴󲨼˼صˣս۷ʱĳɶֶεƶǴȽͣסЩֲޡ
𣡡
Ѫɷ֯ڿУܼڹӸϳѹ
콫¯߶ޣһڹ⣬ϵϢһ㽵͡
¡ʱʱ𣬰޽ֵƬռ䲻ðΪ֮ڣһʱʱû֮Ѫתۼ˥͹

ȫӣǚi˸ֻǳԶӶݣκε¡
ΪҲʲô
䣡
ģٴηɸߵĺ˳ƺҪ㡣
ȾУҪӱһޣҪܾ˳ԵǱϵϢһĽͣǱͬ΢
䣡
һһ޴ĺ˳ǽûֱӴ֮С
һ˲䣬ĺˮû
оŭѾȥȻȴǷ֣ڵѾĴﵽˣԳȥͬһʱ䣬ڣǴ̹ǵɭʹ䣬ֻо˫˫ŶýӲԶҰģ
ҡ
оŭ
ȻȻˣҰȴԽģ֮ˮʶڻ롣
嶯ˣֻŭ
ˮ𶯣¡¡졣
ܣһͷͷԳӰСɽ˷˹
ɡ
ɡ
һɡ
ʮɡ
ʮɡ
ʮɡ
ֻգۼ䣬һ޿⣬Ѫɷ֯ͬʱ˺ҧ졣
ˣ
ҲʱһĨ߲âޱͣת۽֮ܵˮγһֱ߲򣬽С
޶ʱһͬè㣬ɪɪ¶֮ɫ
߲⣬壬ϸǻӵײȥ
ͷ޲ŶһĻܵĿ־ǲκһ
ˣ
߲â˸ͣ
ҰģȴʶʧˣҲȫˣʱ֪ڷʲôʶڣǱ񽣶ˣһ߲⣬ססһٶͷޣʹЩûһͷٸҿ
һִŹرԵ߹ĸоûжˣ
ˣ
߲ʹâ˸ƶƺȴȻΪֻһ˲ѣҰбʧȥ˰ͷ޵Ӱ
߲ʹ⡭Լڶ񽣵ʶüͷһǣҪȥ
â͸廤壬оůϵһɿٶϣתۼ˴롣ʱҰָܹĿܣֻ߲ڼ򵥵ĳӵײ䣬ͬʱҲڳżȥ
ʱ䣬š
תۣչȥ
ռ䣬߲ʹâ֪峯ƶУ쿴ڸĿޣɵĴڣɢϢֱֲ֮ͬڰ㣬ֻǿһ۾һļµĸо
Ҫȥģ
ü
ɨܣʮͷ޴ж߲ʹ󣬶Ǻݺһ
Դˣ⼸Ѿϰˣû¶ʲôɫ
߲ʹԴƬΣһ·С
ˣչȥ
һ죬߲ʹĻ죬ƺײʹһƬޱߵĺڰ·һС󣬼ͬһʱ䣬оʶһе˲и߲ʹâӽг㳯ܵȥ
ȹâֻʶɢ˳תۼ佫֮ܵˮȫſ¶һƬԲɵյشײĺڰȫɢ
·һƬʯͨ
ˣ
һȭͷС߲ʹâʯУ貣ʥӨ
΢𣬶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
߲ʹâ̫ϤˣڵһԼڶĽõ߲ʹâһ
񽣵ĽƬ
ʱҲ߲ʹâΪһֱӼ䣬ԭǸӦطĽƬĲ
Ȼ⽻ӵײѹ֮ǰʢôöҲ
˸â
ǰʯѼ䣬ȭͷС߲ʹâ˸ͬһС㷢ʶڵ񽣱Ӧ
ûԥһ絽߲ʹâԱߡ
֣ʯϵ߲ʹâֱ˹ؿ˶߲ʹâΧתһȦֱӴеĽû룬й壬ת۽뵽ʶڣǱԱߣ͵һС
䣡
תۼ䣬춯صϯһ߲ɫڳֱӹᴩӣûϿյĻƲУطնȾһƬ߲ʹΡ
ʶڣ𶯣ģøŸص֡
Щƣ֮ǰѾٴοʱȴΪ֮ľ𺳣ΪЩ̫ˣһ˿ס
ˣ
ٴηƬ󣬺һƬŨ߲ʹӽӿÿһɢȥ
һ𣬶ʱоŨܲ
оţЩ߲ʹâŵܣԱȵϰ龧ˣ
ϲԽԿͨɵڶأ
һԼƽطϥ£ǣЩ߲ʹâԼУʼͬʱҲ塣
ΪͨҪΪ㣬һø⣬ڶȡǣǵԾŴ̥ǣʱʶһɱ䣬ɸӦĴڣ󣬱Կ֮󣬱ǿ磬
ˣ
ڵ߲ʹ⣬Ϣһ


684 ̫ľ
߲һƵƮڣͬСϪһ㰲ʡ쾲ǣ߲ܵʹâ뵽Уһеʣͬһʱ䣬ҲǣһЩ߲ɫκ˿˿Ѫ֮У¶ǣεĶ壬ΪպͳشĻ׼
ˣ
ƣڻš
΢˫ۣȫעĬĬС
ˣܿʱȥ
ʱźһͻȻһɿ磬̽ܵʯȫһɷǳ˵С
ͨɵڶأ
˫ۣоâһš
ʱ壬ԸоڵøӾӨǰ˲١ǣȻҲǿˣֻǱǿһѣҪǣʶڲȥѪһ˿Ժһ˿ԡ
ǣΪͳصΪȷʵǺǰЩͬ
а
ڻһƵ߲ʹâƮţ±˫ۣŲڵ߲ɫâʹ֮ȵĸ䣬̵ǰΪ
ʱɿ죬תۣһʱȥ
һʱϵϢƽͨɵڶصΪȹ̡
˫ۣԵͷ
ڣƺ˼һ£ͨɺѡʲôˡ

似ͨȲһ򵥵˵еĻ似ͨȣսʽ
ͨɾǰйΪļ֮йļϣļΪ֮е޵·ͷΪȴֻվͷѾͨɲΣҪѡͨɾ֮ĹˡΪ˺ʵĹʹʵĸ˳պսҲŷǳİ
֮Ըͨɾʱûѡ񹦷Ϊ˼ѡƿصžҩǹŴžжͨɾйʱ䣬һֱԱȣԥŵѡһ
ѡһߡ
ü
ҩ䣬ߣһߣͨɺڵйܷǷǧһǷ֪ôѡˣһʱЩԥΪѡ
ˣ
ʱʶУ΢΢һһƬâٴɢ
Ƭâ΢΢˸󣬺ȻһööɫķԾͬһֻֻ㣬תۼ鲼ʶÿһ䣬ΧʶʩʩȻ
ǳң貣ԵЩĿ
һһɻɬĸоͷͫײɵ΢΢
̫ľ
ɵЩסˡ
ʶУܼĽɫٴζˣһҵ֮ʶ
ʱ䣬ɵһ
֮࣬棬ŲϢ
һ̣һҪ帡ļ䣬ʶĽɫĻһƽɫĹâʶݻһͼдһɲɣԶͺ֮⡣
ͷ˫΢΢һ£̫ľǡ̫Ĺ
䣡
â񽣰϶ҪƬӵײȾɲӲӽ⡣
ɫݻתͼⰻȻɣ䣬ͬһĺ嫡
ʱ߷·һڽһ㣬ľøǿ
̫̫ľˣ
΢΢קȭ
ֻԸ£Ǿãйԣⲿ̫ľԳƵǵһ
һһ𣬰̫ľҪת
̫ľֻǵͨɺڵйκɱͨȣ˿̣ת̫ľʱΪ֮һɫŽɫתŵĽɫâ֮ǣľǿһ˿
ˣ
˸ĽâɵŨ񣬱貣󣬽ɫ壬˶Уȥϡ
תۼ䣬ȥ
һ죬ͣУâûڡ
ʶӼѾ׻˲ӲӽɫԱǰǿ࣬ңҲǱ˳ʮһϢĸо
һ̫ľ
̾â
̫ľգѾȫⲿϣѾ֮ת
ʶео̫̫ľȻ죬ȴǺܿͲôˡϾǱһֱͺأļǚiͿǳ񽣣еҩΪ񽣵õٵһ̫ľͻȻǺ¡
ֻǼ򵥵ĻԪ챦
ü
ڵڶʱΪһֻдﵽԪ챦εı꣬ǸʱΪʶе񽣵ڻԪ챦𣬵ڣЩȷˣܾãʶеƺֻǻԪ챦Ρ
񽣣̫غͷǷˣ
ˣʱܡ
գԹԵҡҡͷЩȫûʲôã˼档
䣡
ͻȻһ촫
ʱѾûʶײױðܱ֮ˮʼٳм俿£¡¡
жݣ뿪ˣ
ûԥһĻâӲӣͬʱǚiֱӳϷ
䣡
һ̣ǽǚi߶˼£ʱͬһɫԾ
֮ˮ¡һѹһС
񽣲ֱӽ¯Ʒ壬ٳ֮ϳȥУԵ÷ǳСģٶҲһֱ۷壬ֱȥʱϷԼйѾԿζŵˮ档
һϲȴûд⣬ٴδ٣תۼһӱ棬ӱʮɸߵĵطվطȥܵԵ÷ǳӱ̫ƽû֮ǰǰˣͬƽ͵ˮȪ
Զ˶٣ѭһȥ
һۣϿڷһһҹڼ䣬û񽣻£㼸գǱҲһ죬ǰͻȻ˺ӰӰʹʱϲǚiʩչޣâڣһ嵽ߡ
䣡
һͷ޳жʮɣ鲼ڴ̣ſѪڳ˺ҧ
ɫʮԶ㿪޵ϮɱǼ粽ǵӱԵĺӰϺӰһʮԶͣ£ȥǸط޵ͺһɭɭĶ죬û֮ڡ
쳤³һٴʶӵĿ£ⶼѾǱԵˣȻôµޡ
ҡҡͷٹעӣʼܡ
ȥطܱԵ÷ǳƶ񤣬ظѣǺɫĴʯ
ƺǱ֮ǰĿռ˦ʱƬӺӰ
漴ҡͷޱߣ֪Σӳôǡó׹ʱƬӰء
ҡҡͷûطֱԶ롣
úԶӴԼԶûʼƬӰʱϺ΢Щ⡣ܹ߳ȥǾǺ£Ȼȥ˼ΪʲôԼܹ߳ӰɵķΧû¡
ڿն𣬲úԶѾ׿ӵӰܱһɽЩɽԸƣΰ׳ɽľȴǲ࣬ҶԵúأҶͬ㣬һʮַĸо
ʢޣȵط
΢΢ü


ڰ˾ 


685 ٵ
Ȼûнʢ޵ÿһ䶼߱飬ǹȥôãʢ޵Ĵȴͦ˽ģĵطʢƺûСȥһɽǰ㾪ˣЩֲҲǰ⣬ʢĵطӦúˡ
ͻȻƺ뵽ʲôʱ΢΢һ¶ɫѵǡ
ԶʮʿæǱ߿ȥתۼ
ѣʲôط
һǰ
ΪıȴЩ֣·壬㲻֪
·壿л⣬ʢ޾ûȵط˶٣ٴ̣ʣĴǣ
򣿲𣿡ıˣҲʲôֱӴ߿ԶԶĴֹвɡ
ſڣȻء֮ǰʵѾµطأǵĻشʱȴ̲סȻȻǿ߶޷ͨĽӣңǰֻǻʮʱ䡣
߲ʹʱƶٶȵЩˣԶеҪŽƬλӿصһˡ

ţɵЦ£Ԥϡ
Ǻ£Ҳʡȥʳ¡
ûطҲûٶ룬ֱڿն𣬳Զ粽ȥ
ղϣƬأʢҪ˲٣ûʢǰ㣬طضǺƶ񤣬ֲľȵĸҲԶʢ޲
أֵҲͦС

գúѰʿͨʱŻ崦ʲôλãûԥֱնУʱŻȥ
ƬųڣѰʱŻ죬ȻƬϵʲô
ԼȥպһƬɽʯǰŸĵ澶ֱ˽ȥ
һʱƬʯߵͷǰһ޴ʯ̨ʯ̨֪ԺʯĴɣмһҵɫ֯غϣͬʱܵĿһͬİĲɣϢ
ͨʱŻ
лһĨâiʱŻԵ
ʱŻǰеĲɣоŨˣϸǸŨ
һʯ̨ɫԡΪͨɵڶ죬ֻҪһɫڣ뿪Ƭ򣬽ȥ
תããգʢڣԺиֳһӰѩҹԣƣΪӣŶ磬СЩѣ飬
˶٣̧ͷãã񷣬â
Ĺһ죬һϵھȥ
Щ䡣
˶٣ƫͷʢ޵ķͣһʱŻС
ϤĺڰϤţҰ˲ʲôҲˡ
ƬռУܸо޴ѹȴûлʲôϾѾйοռˡ
Ե÷ǳһҲֻĬĬĵȴ
ˣҲ֪˶ãǰֵܵĺڰ糱ˮȥ
һ̣ವһ
ʱվһʯ̨Եصһ޶ܱߵĻȴǲһط˲Ųֲꡣ
ڵˡ
лһĨâ
һʱŻɫʼһʯͷΧɽ֯Ųɣ¸Уų档ûԥֱͣӿطʧԶ
úԶʱŻڣĿɽһŰΰʣȻƬ򣬹һ
ȵǿȵɽ㣡
˸â
ƿܹԸоڵĴȵǿ˲١
ȻԽǵϲ򣬴󻷾ԽʺС

УŲӣ׼ȿƬɽ
Լʱ߳Զǰд򶷵
̧ͷȥʮǰһǼĽ˶׳ƤͲ£ִ󿪴ϣȥƺ㡣һǶʮźڼ׵ĸʿЩʿɫӡǣĺܣÿÿ˷ʤ
Ҳˣ׳ȻѪŨȴǴ·΢΢ַۣ֣ʮڼʿŲϢǽԴһĲ
˶٣ûٶ룬ûйʲô£Լ·Զȥ
ﬣ
ʱһڹ⳯նٶȼ졣
ͷƫڹԶһǧʯնķ顣
΢΢üƫͷڹնķȥ
ͦ죡
Цڼʿƹϴɭ
ڼʿʲô˼
ɱѣ
ղſҵȺǼӵս˰ɣ٣ҵȽɱǣǱͨ籨ŸȥǿɾͲˡ
ϻʲôȻЩʳ
ڼʿЦ
䣡
ɱϯܣն
粽ɫƽܿɱ⡣
ʲôҲԤҲȥԤԣҲñҡ
ĮԶȥ
ţ
ٶȲ
ЩʵҲٺˡ
ڼʿ䡣
䣬ڼʿٶȹ涼࣬ͬڹڲƶһɱ£ͬһ㣬ɷΧȫˡ
һʱ䣬ɳ𣬵汻նһѺۡ
ʮڼʿͣ¶֣ɳҲǽɢȥվм䣬½ǶƵûһɳ
ǣ
ڼʿ¶ݡ
𣿡ıɵĮ˵һΣûոԤǵ£Ҳң䣬粽Զȥ
ڼʿ죬øɭ
˵ԤͲԤ
ȻԤΣȻ߹Ǿ
Ϊҵȵʳá
ڼʿٴѹ
⽻֯źɫ⣬ַǳֱĺͷ­
ɫԸ£һãɶԷȴԽԽ֡
ֱ̧֣ӶűһڼʿȥһԷеıڶԷϣ۵һķѡ
㡭
ڼʿ󾪣Լͬ飬Ȼһƾͱǰ˸ˣ


ܿ죬ڼʿϵľɫʧԱú졣
ɫĮܼ򵥣һĳ
ۣ
һֱӱԴԽѪˮڵϣĿġ
һڼʿɫҪˣӳȴѾ˹
ۣ
Ѫ⽦һڼʿãѪˮȾһƬء
Զĺڼʿͼ׳ɱƫͷʱԶݡ
ɱҵˣΪ׵һڼʿԱߵڼʿȥͷ­£Ȼ󣬶⽴
ڼʿͺ𣬿ڲλþǺѿͬĿһ㡣


686 ̬
ڼʿſڣһ㣬ʱ΢΢˫ۡ
壿
ǰϾƹĸд壬һЩдǰڼʿ󣬱ǺϾƹ˵ʿǳ
ֵܣߣȺ̵úܣ
Զ׳󺰡
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮ʱڼʿѾ죬תۼƵǰ
ʿҪ֮ǰǿֳֵǷɭɭ⡣ֱɱ졣
̧֣һƽǰʿ飬˳ֶԷеĳֳ̧ǰնȥ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ʿڶһնΪΣȱʬڵϣ䶯˼£û˶
һʱ䣬ʿǴʧɫղűɱˣɶ찡ȻǰͬжһնˣЩĲ
ʲô
ﬣ
𣬸̶
ûиʿ˵ȥĻᣬֱն⣬ʿͷ­ȫն¡
ѪˮڵϣȾһƬԶʿݡ
á
׳ľϵʿȻô򵥾ͱɱˡ
ŶĳɫƽϵļʿĲʬһ̧ۣȳʿȥ
ʹطһ
ɱ
Ϊ׵ǿ⽻֯
ȥȡͷ­
Աһʿ
ʿհ۷壬ºһ㳯˹ȥ
תۼѣʿƵǰɫɭ࣬ʵҡ
ۣ
̧֣öʲôһԷնѪ
Ѫˮڵϣ²䣬һʮʿȥ
࣡Ȼˣ
վصʿವһվʿɱȥһչֱӻһͷߵĺɫϣЩˡ
ϱ鲻䣬ֳǰӽ۵һʿնķ顣
ʱ䣬طһʿǳױɫվˣչսĸǿ񣬾ȻҲǱһնɱΪ׵ǿɭɱʮˣ࣬ĵӣǲС
ӲСԵ޹Ҫɱҵҷɱͷȴ֣ӦþǴһݻİɡƽһ⣬Ҽʦһ壬൱ûкøС
ֱӣ棬һʿ¶ı
Ϊ׵ǿɫһɱεɢȥĶ
䣡
һǿϣӿֱֳ̧Ĺȥ
ֵܣˣ
Сģ
׳е
ʿɫɭȻͷ촦ͨɵڶأɱնݣ

ﬣ
̶ٴλصʿ
еĳƽƽֻӳʱƬѪˣΪ׵ǿߵͷ­ն󣬽ʬУ۵һʬը
һʱ䣬ȫѻȸ
һͨɾǿߣȻҲһɱ
ãǿ󣡡
׳˫ĿԲɵ΢΢һ
ʣµʮһʿǸ¶⣬ȫͣٹ򼸸׳ʱ죬ЩʿĺˣΪ׵ͨɶ죬ȻһնˣǺεȿֲսο⣿ЩУǿҲֻǲհ찡ܹʲôȥֵǰˣ
һˣЩʿûԥˢˢĳԶӶݶȥ
ﬣ
죬ܼĽֱӷܡ
۵ļصʿֱӲնѪͬһʱ䣬˸ʿҲǱ˻ԵޱǱУһհʿţҧˣ࣡⼸Ϊ𣡡
Ρ

һڵʿնѪ
ǰϾƹʱ˵¾Ժ̣ܲһûаøУȻҲʹһûʲôøС򣬲ǴԱ߾ѣЩʿҪɱʳһŨŨʼʱԷҪɱ˱ܣȴûʲôãǾҪɱˣʲô˵ģȻҪ
⣬Ҳȷʵһ⼸׳Ϊ֮ǰʿʱ⼸׳ܼΣУȴǴ뿪кøС
ﻹ߸ʿ˿̸
ɫĵԣ㲻кýģǿ߻ᡭ
롣
鵭Į
гһֱӽʿն顣
һʱ䣬ʿ󺧣־ֿ֣ں޲ѡǰֻǴԱ߾ѣΪʲôԼһҪȥǣȻߵ塣
㣬ţšŹǣұ֤ңҵȡҵһڣ֮󲻻鷳
һʿ
ûʲô仯ֱֻ̧ӽʮâϯ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʿҽжûзըȫΨѪˮܡ
ɨһֽۣеĳڵϣһ졣
׳Ǿĵɴ˫ۣڵϷĽ󣬷ǻعһæ߹д񣺡ֵܣˣлˣ׳˲ˣϵĲºƤԱѪˮȾ졣
ҡͷÿ͡
¡
ʱҵһͷڱƵġ
ԶһͿ֣ͬһͷް㳯طܹÿһ¶ôظ𶯡ҲƤͲ£ż׳ȾѪ˫۶ʱͨ죬ֱһȭ죺˵ôأ
һȭٶȼ죬ܱߵնŤ
춯ݣæָ񵲡
ˣ
ȭͷϣǷһ޶սİ졣
æֵʱһɿֲӿϣŵŵŵĺˣֱ˳ɶԶסΡ

ͿԵúܷŭȭҪ졣
ס֣
Ӣס֣
Ӣۣʲôˣ
׳Ǳɫȥסꡣ
ǾĶˣ
׳е
ͿɫһͣȭͷڿУſڣ۱ԼɶԶ죬סԼļ׳ɶ⣬⣬⣬ǣǣǡǶˣ
ɲǣɵʲô£
׳ȥ˵һ顣
Ϳɨ۵ϻŵһЩʿĲʬʱһΣ첽ܵǰ֧֧ĵǣǸˣԣԲ𰡣ǸңҸղſλѪΪΪ㽫ǵͨ죬Եúܲ˼ʮԲ𣡡
죺
û£⡣
˵
ȻһȭȴΪᣬϵǸһʵĸоȻ⡣
ʱǶԷ̫ǿˣҪֻ֪壬һֱĵطǷţǿǱһȭɶԶһʹίʵЩ¡֮ǰֻǴæָ̧񵲣ûʹȫɺܾˣЩ𺳡


687 Զż
춢ǰĿ꣬ЩȣԷᣬʮӣ֮ǿֱƵϱ̬ˡֱ΢΢ȭּʹ䵭֮ǰǰˡ
ǸʱʱͷԵ÷ǳΣȥܺУ֪˶ԷӢۡ÷Ӣ۵Ļ˵ʱϣպΪصĴӢۣȡΪӢۣǷӢۡ
ˣʲôأ󣿡
Ӣʵ
죬ʮ
򵥵
ɣҲʮ
ӢۺЦ
˶ͬ䣬Ž̸Ҳܿ
С磬ɣǺд£
׳롣
룬ͷûоܾ򣬶Ƭ֣ȻѾ֪һЩǺ˽⣬ЩѯЩˡ
£ŷӢۺͼ׳ŶϷȥ
úż˿һСĲ䣬ԼŽٻ˼ңһƬɽ䣬ãŨʱʱܹɽ䴫޺
ôһѪ
ʲô
ǲȥһЩôôصˣ
СΧ˳ż׳Ѫüͷ
ͬһʱ䣬С峤˳סһľȣƣѯʼ׳ôһ¡
ʱһȺ˵ˣǿ׳峤˽죺峤λС磬֮ǰСȣǾͻزˡ
С˲࣬Ҳˣ֪˼׳󣬸Եúܸм
Сѣлˣ
峤ǰ
үӱӦõģҲǿȺȺʿ˳ۡ

ԸӦ£峤Ϊͨ죬ѪȴѾԵúܿݰˣȻԪʣࡣ
Ⱥյģú
ɾ
յģŪǣֶ
һЩ˴
Щ˵ĻУ֪Щ壬طһǳСķ֧壬֮ǰν壬ı壬ɱķ֧Ҫǿܶࡣ壬ǰߺ߲̣ǲ
ϧֻһ΢Сķ֧壬ҪȺյģֲС
ˣҲûôףϾȺյĻǺǿġ
Ǿ͵ȣӢۣݺݵĵӢɳȺյĶ
лһĨ⣬ӢۣӢƺЩڴ
룬Եͷȷʵֵڴ
Ӣۣ̫ǿˣǵϵĶȻɹٵֻ壬ҲûаܹʤԷˣܲ򵥣
պһȺ˶ӣ
ӢʱҲڣק˫ȭ
ˣˣˡ峤ԣЦ죬дˡ
ԶԶԣдˣ
ҼиմıĻʲȥȡдС磡
ҼаĳҵúܣСһϲ
ҾбԳ⣬Ҳܺã
ҼҲУȡ
Сʿǳ飬ñǸԶ˳Ҿƺ⣬˹
ʱɫѾǳ֣һƬƬɫǹ⡣
С磬Ҿһ룡
ҲС磬
Сþ
Цص
ԭôϲȾƣС飬һƣҲǲþܾνףȻǿʿܲϲƣǾȴԲͨҾƣٶҲܻ
ҹٽǳ࣬С﹵˸׳˹ȥſʮˡΨµļ׳ͷӢۻѣΪΪ⣬м׳ҲûΪǴվ硣
ʱ򿪿ڣ°ͰСļ׳̣λϸ磬Ƭǿ˵ã֪Ͱ˵ҲƬȻ֪йڰͰ£Ҳż׳ͷӢСҪԭ
á׳룬úԵЩ˼ǸС磬Ǹƺû˵
ҲûС
ûС
⡭Ǹ
׳̿ڡ
û¡
ҡͷ
һ룬ڵʱͰûô¶ǳ͵ͰйأǸһһֱܳȣڵҲû̫չ¶ʵĻһΪ֮ˣϾ˿ɶ塣
СȥһλãСѵϢ
һ׳
ͷȻΪûеõõϢЩʧҲû롣
⻹оƣС磬ǳźţ
˶顣
΢һЦһ׳нӹһƽӲӵĿȡ
ɲǼ򵥵򣬶һǿľż۷ޣΪʿʳ
ҹȥеʪŨ˲١
ˡµļ׳У˿˵֮ǰϻʱ˵Զɽһߣǿ߷һԶżĲݣ׷׿˹ȥ
˹ȥ˳Ծ˵ÿս죬ɱ벽ǿߣƬδߣԶżȻǿߵĹע
ȿڵ׳ͷƬԶż˵ܾ޴ܷǷңʱʱ߲ɫ֣ǿ߶ƣ浱Ǵ˲õر
⡭
һЩ˶ܾȡ
ԱߣϵľɫŨң貹Ǿˡ
ϸ磬Զżʲôط
ʵ
ϵľɫΪԶżҲΪƬԶżȥ˲ٿɱ벽ǿߵ¶ɫԭֻһ㡭߲⣡֣ͷʱ͵һ
ʶеǱ񽣣â߲ɫѰ齣ƬҲ߲ɫ׳Զż߲ɫ˸ܲ⣿
ƬԶżпܴŽƬ
΢Щ׳΢в죬ȴҲûԥǱλõɽ֮󣬾ﲻҲԶյĻһձɵ˵ţ׳ǾƬԶżλúܱ߻
л

վ򱱲ɽ֮һƾâ֡
ֵܣҪȥ
Ӣʱ򿪿ڡ
ദҲкüʱĿѾ׺
ͷԶż߲ɫ֣пܴŵĿ齣ƬⶫǳҪȻҪȥһ
һɣǰҾȥɽܱԣǸطȽϤ
ӢۺЦ


688 Ĵ
ԭܣ鷳ˣҲûбҪ鷳ˣǣӢʵ̫ˣԳԼҲȥƬԶżһʶʶֻգӦӢһǰ
ʲôʱȥ׼
Ӣ˷ܡ
Զգ£ھͶ
Ƭ̫Ҫˣ˵Ѿпɱ벽ǿߵĸ˹ȥǲٰȵʲôʾͲˡ
գ׳Ҳǵͷ峤ͬⷶӢǰ
߰ɣֵܣ׼ˣ
Ӣۻ·ΪһɫƤ£ȥһֻĹսʿĸо
á

˵꣬С׳ͷȥ
壬峤Ǻܿ
Ӣ۵
һ߳С󣬱ڿն𣬳űɽڷɶȥ
˿̣ɫǳġ
ͷӢһ𣬴Źȥʱ䣬ǿ˱ɽɽһߡȥԶһϿȣ˿˿ƵĻҺɫƮܡʱⷽϿѾǾۼ˲ʿѪס
ˣӢָǱߣ漴ЩŹֹ֣˵Щ֣ǰҲɴҲûôһϿȰ
ǰܱߵʱϿȸӦǿĽƣǡãǽһʱ飬Աǿ߸֡

Ӣ룬˵ĺе
ȥɡ

߲âԶż֪˶ã˶˽ȥ뵢顣
Ӣ۵ͷԱߣ̤ǰߡ
ܿ죬ڿǰ
췢طΧŴԼٶˣȴԵЩߣΪϿǰʮǿʿʿϿȡ
Сȥ棬ȥСѰ
Ϊ׵һʿš
ʿЦɭˣе˸
˭ǰһɱ˭
Ϊ׵ʿ
ǣ
˽⣡
ף˭ֱӶ⽴̵
һʿɭȻ
ʿΧط׷׶ȺʿŭĿӣȴǸŭԡЩУ󲿷ֶɢޣûκ֧ţ֧ŵˣȴֻһС壬Զ޷ȴȣǡ
ȰǻǹԶһ㣬ҪͼԶżǲʸƬżСУΪ׵ʿطһˣɭɭȻЦʮʱ䣬ʵɢȥʮߵˣҵǣȻµȥ
һʿ־ŭŲ˱ʿǿ󣬲ȴǲκζΪµ塣ҡͷŭ⳯ˣ׼뿪ˡ
Ⱥ
ԱߣӢֱ֮ۡǰСļ˲㱻ɱ˿̼ʿЩʿŰ裬Ӣֱ̣һ˹ȥΪ׵ʿһȭ
ˣ
ǿһȭն
Ϊ׵ʿȻûϵطȻ˸Ҷ֣ƾȻֲˣɫĺȵҶҡ

Ӣʵ񣬿ɴ˿̼ʿȴɱ⣬ӳȭͷǿ
۵һΪ׵ʿӢҳһƬѪ
⡭
ܣһЩʿԾ
ǣ壿
ǿ
ղһȭֱֱ
𺳡
Ͽ⻹вʿŷӢ۵ɱͷ죬ǱɫǵȭֱǿԷһа㣬Щʿľ̿֡
ˣڹڣ㾹Ҵ㡭
ʿ𣬲ȴˣҲ֮ǰǵſǱӢ۸ղŵһȭסˡ
Ӣ۾Ⱥʿ
ץʱ䣬úǺġ
粽ƽ˵
䣬гһһ׽â
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһϿǰʿȫҽжûܷ
ߡ
ԷӢ۵𳤽һڡ
Ӣ۵ͷʿڵϵѪˮʬ˿ĭҲС
⡭
ǿ꣬ǿߣ岻ɣǣǸأȻҲҶ㶯֣屨𣿡
ղһ£
һնȫЩ壬ɶվʿ
òҲһĴǿ߰ɣ
ľ
ܿ죬ЩϵľɫʧȫþϲΪʱϿⲻǰʿȫնɱǿԳϿڣ뵽ֵƬԶżˡУ˵þܵõһĻԵ
ߣ
˵ʱ䣬ȺһѷĳϿڳȥԶż

ϿУܿһЩ򵥵ֲɽģͷӢ۳ȥҲ꣬ľرЩн֯˸ĻҺɫңҲǱЩ
콥üͷطЩꡣ
Сġ
ԷӢ۵
û£ɱħħ
Ӣۺܺ
һЦҲû˵ʲôǰȥ
ʱѾνԶżܵرøӳ죬߹һӣǿһߵĴʯ鲼һͬʯְ㡣
ʯУú󣬵ϳ˲ʿʬ壬Ա⼸ʬۣ֯Ũɷüıᴩ
ҹ档
һƾâ
ҹаɱͨǿʿڵɽֻʱǼֻҹҲ֪ɱ˶ͨϵʿǱһǿֲΧɱطȴǾżаʬ壬ҶüĴһѪʬȻǱһɱ
ˣֵˣЩˡ
д⼸ҹüĸһ𶯵֡Ӣקקȭͷ
Ȼһ㣬лһĨĹ⡣
߰ɣǰߡ
˵
ûԥͷӢһٴγԶżȥ
֮󣬲֪˶ãǰо˵Ĵ
ͷӢۿ̧ͷȥǰŲʿڳ֣һȭͷı
ң
һڼƺɫ⣬ɭ䡣
ߣ
һ췢걨ߣ̧Ѫâէ֡
˭ǿ˭
һ̷Ц
ͬһʱ䣬һҲڳָ֣䰵Ӱɱ⽻֯ǿ鱦
˸սֲһЩʿľ˱ܣ±Ĵǿߵ뵽С
һЩʿе֪˵ݣڼΪ𣬺췢ΪѪ̷Ϊ𣬺ǰӰ
ıѾͨ飬Ϊģֵɹ
ˣлһƾâˣȷʵǿǴͨ죬ڵоѹ
ţͻȻɭĿ⾶ֱͷӢϣϣ˵ѪҺζ


689 Ĺ
ӭɭûʲôֻǵĮɨۣͳƬԶżȥĵطҰŨˣʶҲԿӣ˿û߲ܿ⣬ʶڵҲûʲô춯
Ϊ˵ѪҺζ˵
һͨ鱦һ̵߲߳ĺʡ
յ壬·ɱˣɱһȺ·ɱһȺôֹ㣡
Ӣ۽е
в죬꿴źܺ񣬲ȴɵ㻰ЩжԷǹУȻһȷʵжķŭģǵԸ¶ԼȥϾʼǼ׳ʱǶʮʿɱģŽԶżԷҲֻɱһΪ׵ǿ߶ѣĶǱɱ
Щ죬ʿȴһɴ˫ۣһĶŷӢۡ
⣬˭Ȼô˵
ãͣ
𣬿ɱ벽ǿ߰ϱǿ߶ݣ꣬ȻȻ
Һ
ӱøɭ䣬˲̺飺ֻҵɱˣʱֵɱˣŷӢۣɭȻһɱɱ⽻֯Ƭռط¶ȶʱ併ʮȡ
㣡
Ӣۺ͡
ˣ
춼ЩˣɵЩЦӢ䡰㡱ʵ˵̫˳ˡ

øɭһͨ鱦һڳŷӢ۵һɭڹ⣬طնһڶ
Ӷ䣬һɨһɫâ˲Ϣն
ﬣ
̶͵һɨڹ顣
⡭
Ȼҽɱ⣬ˣ˭ѣ
ⲻϻһ߽ģ϶ѣ㲻ǣҲһ˰
ղһǿ
ȷʵǿ
ľ
ĿϣһƬɭȻա
һ߳ͨ鱦ͬʱڹ⣬ͬһɱ㣬ͬʱͷӢնȥ
ܣ
˲ԶһЩʿȫɫһʱԶ룬±ǣȥ
ߣһ͵ƻһɫˣ͵Ľɨڹȫ顣
һĳϣһøûС
ԭزһʮԶֱӳȥ
ﬣ
޽ȴ۳һɫ⽣ּӳǧٵɫâ
һʱ䣬Хˣ˷նȥһɹɽ硣
һĻطʿǺݺݵһӲûе
Ȼֱӳɱ˹ȥ
⡭
ֱӻͰ
ҡȻƺΪϣ
ÿ񣡡
˵
ҲһǰѾ򣬿ɱ벽ǿߣǰȥˣȻǿƵֱɱ˹ȥңȻ棬ƺΪϣ
ǳ˵ˣ
ӡ
ﬣ
Хٴλص̶ǳ
ĽɫϯֱǴݿ࣬һС
һֱˡ
漴תۼѣɫƵǰ
ϣ
һͨ鱦һ֣߳нȫɨ顣
ϣ˵һ壬òƱ嶼ϡ
̡
£ٶȺ죬ֻ˲Ϣǰе⽣ֱŶԷնȥ
ٶЩ죬ǿ𣬴˿ҲǶݣţ̽һֻͬһʱ䣬ľǷǿͨ鱦ϡ
ЦԿʱΪѾﵽˣ
ﬣ
⽣۵һɣ㽫ֱֱն¡
ʱ䣬ط˽Աɫ
⡭
𣿣
ôܣ
˱ɫͷһ
ɱ벽ǿߵ𣬾Ȼһˣ
ʱȻҲݣܷһᱦһӭ죬뾫ڶͨ鱦ϣǣ˾ͱһɣǳԾǶ죬ж¶Щɫ
䣡
ɫɱ
𣬱նĽ˿ټϣ˫۱ޱȲ̡
ʹķʽȥ
ʱͨ鱦ɱҪֲ˸ȥ𣬾Ȼһɣδ棿ʱҪɱ죡̵ķɱ죬ˣǿԽͷ֮Ҳţͬͨ鱦񣬶ʱڣ񲻿ܻᱻ˸УϾ˵ʵǴڲټ䣬Ҫֳʤ±񣬾ҪķѺܾá
ˣ
׿ȥһֻ棬Ϣȴ伫յ죬طһͨʿľͷ
һߣâʱҲɫһܿ죬ֽ΢˿̣ȫնɱ֮ϣȻ֮Ͼһһͨ鱦
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
͵죬֮յһƬһƬ⺧ˡ
һЩ£о˾޴в
овη塣
һ̫ľתʱâͬͷĺڷȾһɫ˷·ǻƽİ㡣ʱ̫ľ壬ɫ⽻֯⣬泯ȥɨƬ⡣
וּһ̶âصɫĽȸղŸ£ն
ө֮⣬Ҳԣ

Ȼ䣬ɫյķ顣
漴׺¡¡ĳǵض£һ㤵캣˰㣬תۼǽûС
Ĺ𣬱һ˿ãὫһճңƷһ㱻õζ
ɭȻ¡
⡭
ˣ
ĹȻµĺܣ˵һǰȻ㽫һǿ߸ǴǿǱѡ
ˡ
ˣ
Ⱥ㤣˸оͷƤһ飬ǱĹ塣
ʹѧ׶𣿡
ʱ
âƣֱĹĴг⽣âһֱӸ˿ռ䡣
⣿
ĹûȻû£
δ𣿣
ȺɫȻ棬ǲһǿ߰ڣȴȻκβһʮͷͨʿһͷû˵


690 ߲ʹ
ĹаȻĳһЩͨʿɫȻԼҲݣ漴ĺâø䣬ˡ
Сϣеʵ
ٴο粽ϣĹɢĲø¡
һԱߵֱӱյ̮նȥĽâҲ˲Ϣ顣
СԼ
̡
⣬ɫ˸⽣Ĺâøҡ
Ĺȷʵ£ľֻ棬Էٻٴǿˣ̫ľ壬ҩ⣬ֻ滹֮С
絶̹ǣĹ֯һƬƬ⽣նߡ
ߣһ⽣̧һ
ﬣ
ХˮϣС
սһռ䶼𶯣âɱⲻϷײ
ɭȻ纣·㣺һ⣬һǴ
һĳϣ˶೤˼ȣֻʲôرĵط
Ц
һ޴Ӱ׼ҴֱһƳǰȥ
ѪĹջһУѹȥ
䣡
棬ײȴǴڲ֮䣬ʱڣ˭Ҳκβ˭
⡭
꣬˭ȻȻס𣿣
һ𣿣
ǰû˵ôһ˰
֮ǰȷʵûôһǣǿߣ
Ⱥ뱻סˡ
ЩԭΪܿͻᱻɱȴ뵽죬ȫȫס˿·ԺͶԷɱܡ
꣬ǳĳ壿
Ϊ壬һɫâܿĹѵѵʩչʥǸʥĴˣ
ǣʥâΪɫ
ҡͷ񶨡
ԶҲɫ˼һâ죬ͻȻֵ࣬ǰδ˵ȴȻܺ𽻷档
䣡
ǰ治ϣ֮ͽɫâײĦһĿ硣
𽥽Ĺ𣬸ɫܡ
ɫ䵭һչûȪʥһгǰ
һβСײ񱩵ϯܣ˫Ǻ˲١
ʱһͬ޹İƺ𣬷Ӣ۳˳ͬһСɽǰ˶ȭͷݺѹȥյģ㣡
ˣ
ռ𶯣ֱӱһƬֲţȺ͵һ
ȫ棬ͻȻӢ۱Ƶǰֻܴæһֵͨ
ˣ
һ죬Ӣ۵ȭͷ񣬵ͨȵڶԷؿ֮ϡ
һѪӲ㱻飬ǱķʮԶ
һȭطٴ𾪡
һȭ𣿣
⣬꣬ԭֹǻͰղһȭһȭֱǣֱ
̫̬ˣ⣬ǿҲ˰ɣ
˵屾ɣҲ̫ˣ
µӣ
˾㤡
һҲǲĿȻǱӢ۵סˡ
ʱҲΨûоȣɫ糣֪Ӣ۵ֲı̬ˡ
𣡡
һͬްŭ𴫳ҡ
ٴγɫ˸޸ɭ̵ɨӢۣɨ죺ҪѪ࣬Ϊĸ֮ʳ
һŨš
ߣ
ߣһеľȪøʵųɱ֮⡣
ֵܣһ⹷յģ
Ӣ۽е
ӢͿ࣬ವһͬһСɽѹ˹ȥ
ˣ
򵥵һȭӢۻӳֱ֣ѹ˿ռ䣬ǵȿֲ֮ط˿Һ
ʱ˴ùһҪȫԸˣӢʱ֮ЩǱ۵һնˣһɨ˳ȥ
ȣ
ѪؿѪģ
Įǚiһ˲ƽݻľȪʥ£·һʥ㣬ûվʱһν֮ɨ˳ȥһƬĴĿѪ⡣
飡
Ӣۿȭͷѹ£ؿڣĹͷ
⡭
𣬱ѹŴˣ
ãòҪ
Ĳ
𣡡
ŭڹԵýһ޴ӰųķӢѹȥɫ˷£
ɲǼ䣬һɱĲϯƬռ¶ٴοʼ͡
ɱ
⣬˵ܹһУĴɱĹҪ°
ǱУһоͶˣ
Ⱥɫ
Ӣ۴ȭͷ⣬Ȼ޾壬˵һգ
Զһľ޴ӰоһɼΪµĲУȻڵҲΪ֮ͷԲǷӢ򵥵Եֵ
ŲһΣֻһڷӢץŷӢ۵ĺ죬ֱӽ֮ԼȡӢ۵λõǰݻľȪʥֱն£ǰͷ޴Ӱնȥ
νꣿҪɭȻǾɱ㣡һӰѹ£һʱ佫еľȪʥʴһɶӰͬޱߵĺڰ㣬תۼ佫С
⣡
Ĵɱ֣ûˣ
ˣ
Ⱥɫ
ӢҲɫ䣺ֵܣ
һӢ۷˹ȥ
ŧˮɣ
ɭȻ
һ̣ǵ޴Ӱ͵һǿʼ顣
ˣ
â˸ͷͼӰɱгһ
⣿
ôܣƿĴɱ
ңۻ𣿡
Ⱥ𺳡
ӡһӰɱĮʱ򣬾Ȫʥ޽ֱȭ򵥵ĳѹȥ
ˣ
һǰĿռ䵱̮ˣռѷͬ֩쿪ȥ
ɫæһǿƷ

һ绡֯ȭˣ֮ûһпԱãƷķѡ
ȭƲѹؿڡ
ۣ
ڿѪؿڵݣһɳȥʮԶΨеѪƮУޱȴĿ
ʱ䣬طȺ
⣬⣬⡭
һȭֱӻҪ¼ְ
ҵ죬ǰ㣬ôôֲ
Ⱥ㤡ţӢ۵ѾļˣʱǸ𺳣һȭǴݿ࣬·ԺһС
áǿ
ǷӢԼҲɴ˫ۣһȵĶ죬֮ɫ
ɫĮǚiһΣֱӳȥԷĻᡣ
һ̣ⷽżͻȻһͬ˻ңһ΢߲ʹâһţʱͣ½Ųƫͷ


691 ѪӹӤ
߲ʹâǳ΢һαʧˣȴ˾âڸղţӦ˷ǳϤĲԿ϶ⷽԶżŽƬЩϲû뵽յѰ˵Ŀ齣Ƭټ
ͬһʱ䣬طʿȻҲǿ߲ʹ⣬Զݡ
߲ʹ⻪˫ضǾر
˼
ǼҲɵòͷȥж貵ľ⡣
䣡
˵ɱԶɫվ
࣡˫۱ɭ죬ϢɱűһȭҵİݣķѴ޸񱩣ʵǿᣬҲղһȭֱӾͱķˣ
ӿƱøǿᣬѹ¡

յˣˡ
ԭѾ粽ǰ·ȴסɫŸʴǿҲǸо˾޴ѹӡ


ݻȪʥ⼤䣬ܼն
ʵ죬񣬱ҵİݵؿѾָ˿һɨܼ顣ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ۳һɱìֱӳɱìȥ
һ˵ܲ֯ͬǻ㣬һƬƬռ䣬طһʿĲʱЩʿȻĲǿ󣬿۹ȴ˶ק˫֡
ֵܣˣһŪ
Ӣ۴
ǿı̬һֻȭɱѹ
ʱ䣬ֳһжʱʱⴴ
⣡ס
ͻȻŭ
Զͨɱ񣬴˿̣ͻƵķͬһƬżգۼʧˡ
ʹѪͳ־ŭ粽ٳ
ߣ
ȥ
һر
Ⱥ塣
ӶеľȪʥͷӢۺѹ𣬱ƵĶԷ˱ܣʱҲ̧ͷ˸âʼʶǣսƶȥȥɲ⡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
˽棬ͨ˫Ӣ񱩣ֱŭ
յģ濹ᣡ
Ӣ۴ѾΣɶԷʼûе£ڣɢϢԵ˥ǰǿʢˡ
ɭȻƾǣΪͿɱ˱𣿣
⽻֯ÿһƶޱȾˡ
ߣ£ʩչʮֱӽԷɳȥ
һ·ҽսһ·ƬԶż壬ܿ׷һͨʿк¡촫˹
ȥȺͣǰһڵѪӣ֪٣һѪɫѪð𣬹졣
ʱͫһطȻһѪӣʱѪѾԶоһŨҵϢ궼
¡
ҲʱǰѪӹһ磬һ޴Ѫ˳ûȺ
һʱ䣬һɭɭϢ֯Ƭռÿһ䣬Ϊˡ
аţ
ִ̧һƬ֮ͨ⣬ûѪˡ
͵һѪ˱飬һεѪͬһ㽦ܣһЩʿϡ

ҽǿͨǿմϼѪˮʱ漴徹ǿٿʼãתۼǻһ̯ŧˮֲˡ
ʱ䣬˶ɫ
Ѫβϣķתۼ䣬ҽһƬȻ˳ĻãסȿֲѪ顣

˴С
ҲܼѪûԥܣһʱ䵹ǲٺ𽻷ˣЩֲѪ飬ʵѪ̫ܼˡ
ʱѪӶ洫ͷƤĹХͬʱ߲ʹâ˸ͬһյ貵ư㣬ȥ˶ͷһ
ֳˣ
رѪӶ棡
Ѫ飬ȷƽ˾󣬳ȥ
Ⱥе
ܿ죬Ѫϵķ˱ƽ
ߣ
˽еһȥ
Ѫߣͬһ£ķ顣
ϣҲڱǰ棡
Ѫ粽һѪɫѪӶ档߲ɫ˸ѪӶ浱رңͨ鱦ҲڷѪӶ棬ȻҪȥ
رǱģ
Ц
Ӱû˵ʲôֻӺİһӰѪӶ档
ʱ䣬һȺ볯Ŷȥ
ȻûԥѪӶ棬߲ٴ˸ʱٺսϷӢۣٳѪӶȥ

ɭȻǵѪһʮԶ
ѪӲ֪һȺʿڿѪϣͬһǰ㳯ȥ
أ
úǰѪӤĲ˽ͷƤһ顣
ѪϣͻȻӤôǺܹ¡
ǰصܣͬǧٸӤһް㣬Ѫ˶ɵü
أ
Ӥϣұøˣͬ鲣Ħһ㣬̶
װŪ
бƢǿߴ
ͷӢ۳ѪӶȥͻȻɫ΢䣬һקŷӢֱۣӺʮԶ
Ӣ΢в⣺ֵܣͻȻ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ʱѪٴηڣһͷͷҵĹѪӵײ˻ţתۼ˵ʿϣֱſ˺ҧ

ҽжʱһƬޱ
ϸȥЩͷܴ˫Ѫ죬ɭɭ⣬һֻֻӤͯ
ǴѪӵײڲʿϣ˺ҧһƬƬѪ⣬תۼʳʮʿ
Ӣһ£ֻоͷƤѽֵܣ⣬ʲô
аԹ۳ĹӤͨǿ߶̵



ȡ
ҽ;
嵽ʿܶ࣬˿̣ȴΪĹϵǰ֪ЩӤŷӢܶû鷳⣬ʿѣȻǼҲ⣬бӤҧˡ⼸˸ʵ죬ɱⷭת۱ǽϵĹӤķ顣⣬ȺʿҲһЩǿߣʵܿ£ǼͨȺ˵ϵĹӰɱ顣
û⣬ϷӢֱۣӳѪӶ档
ѪϽ֯ŵԼӺͷӢ۴ﵽѪӶ棬һʱ䣬Ϣ纣˰ǰظƶ񤣬·ǱѪȾİʺ죬ǰӻѪ죬̣аˡ
⡭Ǵˣ
ӢֱӵԲ˫ۡ


692 ɫ
̾ǰҲǧģ֮զ࣬ͷӢȻŵ鿿˻𣬾ֱ˳
һ˲䣬ǧͺϢǵء
ǵ˹ˣ
Ӣ²ӡ
⵹η壬ȻЩˡ
ߡ
˾䣬粽ǰ
Ȼ٣ľ磬οܻɵֻһΪ֮𶯣ƽ˸ŵɢƬ
ӢֱӣȭͷϰһȦ⣬һȭ£ʮը
һֶκɱͨɾ֮󣬱ͲһˣͨɼʿԪҪɱǷǳ򵥣͸ûʲô
촦ͨɵڶأӢ۴ͨɵһأΪǿȻסȥ·пߣһգۼ鿪
䣡
󷽣ɾ˵ӿ˳˹
Ⱥʮĸǰתۼ䵽ط
ʱ䣬˻𣬳ɱȥ
ͼȣҲҷ
Ѫߣһ̧ɨƬѪ⣬ȥը顣
ͬһʱ䣬ӰͳǴͨƬƬĹ
࣡
ɭȻɨһȺЯ⣬ѹ¡
Į⽣һ
ﬣ
̶Ľصѿռ䣬һֱ˺ѹ⡣âƲüıȥ
յģ㣡
Ӣۺһȭ£ռ䶼Ϊֲ֮ļ¡
ֱӳĹ𣬶ʱķӢ۱ɫˡֲȴҲ֪ĹĿ£Բֵܵ
ˣٵɣ
ɭȻȣĹ˷£˷Ӣ·
ƫͷȥԵúĮֱת̫ľʱҽâҩΪȽâתΪɫ⽣ϣӢ۵Ĺնȥ
ͣ
ɫ滯ڰӢ۵ĹϣһƬķӢ۰Ȼ˳
лֵܣ
Ӣ۲˲亹ղŵΣգֱ֣ӱĹûʱ򣬹ƾͲˡ
ɭȻĶ죬ɱͬһ嫺ڷڡ
ʱЩĵط߲âٴ֣֮ǰ࣬ƺںʲô
Ѫ˽âûԥܱøǿᣬǰٳ߲ʹȥ
У
а
ʱҲٶͷӢ۳֣ǰᱦҪ
оâ˸üΪ貣оϤŨˡ
ߣ
ϷӢۣҲǳ
Ӣ۸;һͷͷаܿһƬ޴󸹵ǰ
طϵǰ׹ǣһһߵĶţȥ˴Ŀġ
Ѫ˶ûԥ󣬲ܼİ׹ǣһ·񱼶ȥж˸貵ľâҲ֮øǿᡣ
ȻͣפٶȿľˣŷӢһʮɣ
һЩǿʿҲ˹ͨɾɢޣʵܲס
𣡡
ʱ֮ǰĹХٴͷƤ顣
ХƬڣϵİ׹ˢˢĶȻ·ȫһ㣬ɲǼֱ𣬳һϮɱȥ
˽ԳԾһЩʿǱٿš

ҽתۼ䣬ͨʿ׹Ǵû屻˺ķѡ

ӰȣһƬͬӰӰĹ֮ͨ⣬Ƭ׹ãǻɫĹǷۣ׷ڵϣսǿ
ͬһʱ䣬֣ٵһƬƬ׹ǴŹǷ塣
ɫ⽻֯⽣һǰİ׹Ǵ۵ķ飬һһɫǷɵĴͬһɫ㣬תʧǰ
ܿ죬ͷӢһ
ǰͷʬڳһƬѤĹĻżΪɲϵĿռ䶼ʴ죬ǿʢĺʹ˼
𣿣
ȴǿˣ
ղŵĹХǷģ
ȺĲ
һʿûٸðȻͷȴǿߵĹǰ˭ȥ
ǹĻƺƺж
˵
ĻʣһԿܹˣߣ֮£ǿĳǹĻģһ޴ļ̨ʣȫͷɣֱңλãȻһȭͷ߲ʹԴ
ǣ
Ƿŵ߲ʹ⣡
ǹ屦
˷ܵ
ǼеʱŨҵ㡣
ǵĿ齣Ƭ
䣡
˵ܶʱӿһǰŹĻ粽ȥ
ߣ
ѪߣһѪɱ֮ûʮ
ͬһʱ䣬ͰӰҲˣ֮ͨӿѹǰ
⼸˸ǿޱȣɱ벽ǿߵĴڣ˿̣ȻǰŰͷȴǿߵĹҲ˿ûмɵֱӳǰȥƬɱ֮⣬ҪǷĻĵ߲ɫԴ
ǸԥһֱȡĻĵĽƬ
Ӣۼǰ壬Ҳûͣæߡ
ڹĻİͷͫ죬һǸõĳ⣬˿ʱ̶ХͬϵӰ㣬ųǰ˷ȥ
ѾȥĶͺˣ

Ĺֱ֣ӳǰû£յܡ
ѪǴչֶΣס˿ɲǰƽ
ǿ𣬾ȻȴĹκǣ
Ĳ
Ҳʱ̶Ĳҽֱӿǰ󽣣һͷնĺɣһɫ
ҵ죬
˿ȴǿߵĹ𣿣
ƺǴ˵еʶ󣿣ʶ󣡡
ļ¡
üĹâ˸Ŀ齣ƬǰԥֱӽһаͨɵڶصΪȻϹҲ⣬ֱնһͷĻԵ׼С


˱ڱ
ͳһ֣ĵɱѹ
ʱݣֻоٺʮԶĸɱ벽ǿߵһ𹥻ǿҲӲ
䣡
˵ĹڹĻϣĹĻݺһĳøЩ
ף̨ϣƺоɫã
ָǰ
ȺȥֽһͷǼ̨ϣоɫá
ɫĹ壬ɫã⡭ƺֻйаңǴﵽ澳۷Ĺܾ߱
ѵǹһλ棿
⡭ˣͷǼ̨ƺƺǹĳּ
嵱пµ澳Ȼ
ȥͷǼ̨ƺɫüģԴʩȡ߲ʹԴ󡭡ʧˣԼͷǼ̨ϡ
˾ȡ
ʱԶǿܲʶХԶԶɢ˭Ҵҹܵأ


693 Ƭ
Ӱת۳嵽طΪһߺĸˣɢżΪǿϢȻһ벽ǿߺĸͨǿߡ
ΪףֱӶס˹ĻĵͷǼ̨ϵɫã¶ЩǶסǷȭͷС߲ɫԴ
΢ɨڳˣ֮ɫȥĵǺôĵӣȻҴҹܵأ
һɵĵ򲨶֯ɢڿУ󲿷ʿһ
⣬طƺƺǡֻһżôǹܵأ
˵С
ΪģĹȴͬΪǿͬɫʣңһĹɱֶζԼΪԼΪǳǿᡣ򣬹ʵǿʯ壬ʹʥ壬˸ǣˣʱ˵˽ѹķǳͣ±Է
ǰô˵ЩװɣΪһƫԶɽǰűżȻ֣ܵˣ
Ӱ𿪿ڡ
ʱͬһӰӰ㣬һ翵ĸо
һλ滹ͷǼ̨ϣ˵𣿡

ѪߵһλʬڣܵأڣҲɷ˵Ѫܵأһͷ췢Ѫ񣬸һѱĸо
ߵɫĶѪ𣺡Ϸ˵ǣǱǣˣ㣬ĪҪ󣡡
Ѫһʱ붯֣ȴסˡΪߵĶ֣ΪԷǹһǿߣѪǿﶯɱߣԺܻѪȥ鷳
˭
ɨһʿĿҪɨӰѪͳ𣬴һֱӵζ
ĴâΪԹɵ˿̶ǲ֣Ҳû˭ٿڣֻǵĮţߡ
վһߣɨĸᣬ߱ԹţѪ𣬳𣬰ӰҲѤĻʱһ֣ʹò˱ܣˣͽƬȡУﻹߵ£
Ŀƶϣһƾâ֯ʱܶߺûʲô˼ɣҲֱӳ֣Ϊطˣʱ֣ɻΪʸ֮ġ
ѰһʵĶֻᣡ
𣡡
ǰͷ˻𣬴ʱû˴ǣٴιѤĹĻԶλõǿ߲ɫԴǵʵֲܿȴȻûж٣ˣҲ֪ǿ߲ɫԴǾѰĺö
ĺǰİͷ¶Щɵı顣Ϊ벽ǿߣԿȴǿߵĹ濹ȴǶ֡
ΪһڵĹ̨ȡǿ߲ʹԴ֮󣬽ڵĹҲڡ
߶Եĸ
ߺĴԭֻǴԶż⾭ͻȻоԼһϢҺŨң˽󣬻źԶ߱ǿһɫãԼһ棬ңҲȻǿ߲ɫԴֻǿһۣ֪߲߱ɫԴһر
ĸ˵ͷʱĽ֮ƽΧġ
ʱ˫ֽӡһɫͷǴͷƮΧʩʩȻת˵Хʱ䣬ǰѤĻڣǾɫ徹ǿʼ֨֨ƺһ̾Ҫվͬһʱ䣬ͷǼ̨ҲʼһȦȦâԱߵվŤ
ĹֳͷֳԼĹ幵ѤĻڵɫãͷǼ̨ս߲ɫԴȡߣ
ʿɫ
һжʱĹ˸ƬԲܱȡߣ
ӣһ̣໥˵ͷ
ǰҵ㣡

һ˳֣ɨƬ̹⣬ǰͷȴǿߵĹ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ֣׷ѹͷ
ʲô
ߺȵɫúͷǼ̨ʱܵ˸š
ҵǰȡ߲ʹԴ
Ѫ
һͷ췢趯Ѫ˸ܣͷ
¡¡
Ĵͬʱ֣ʱİͷŭХϢңڷ󣬿ٺˣǣŰͷԱߡ
ǡ
𣡡
Х̶ͷɲĸûֻĶԷҽбֱӻŨˮͬһʱ䣬Ҳǵ˴ùϣңΪֱֹ˰ͷѪɫ⡣
𣡡
ͷͬʱ֣ǿȴĴڣ뽫û
ЦǰͷƶûߣʹĶԷ⵽аĹɱû˵ʲôù˼ɻᱻϡһ̣Ĵǿƫͷ߲ɫԴ
Ҳʱбһ貾â֣ش÷Ӣ˳ط漴ǚi˲ϢʮԶ߲ɫԴλóȥٶȿľˡ
һĻʱĴŭ


һͬʱ֣ĵɱһȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Զͷ𿰿ɱҲת죬Ƿ̶ĹХٷء
ûкˣһ׼ֱӽֻͼͼ˸ʥĹâ
䣡
ĵɱͬʱֻͼϣֻͼǿޱȣȴ˾ҵ𵴣һھѪ˳ֻͼҲǱð
û⣬н֯âǿžҵʹͼ·ֱѤĻһǣУһѽȭͷС߲ʹԴץС
ã
¶ϲ
У˸΢⣬߲ʹԴʱݵһ˽ȥ
Ĵɫٱ䣬ɭȻޱȣĵ졣
Ȼһ̣߲ɫԴڣһɰʱӿһ߲ɫϣĽȫ˳ȥǿƳ֣ʼƲ߲ɫϡңȻǰͷֲĹ߲ɫĻҲû˿ãȫɰɡ

ĴԱŭ
߲ϳ󣬼ֱǾԷһ㣬Ĵǿߺƿ
Ͳ̣Ǹƺѣץͷ

Եͷ
ɨʱɫȴһ䣬Ӣ۵Ӱˡ
߲ڣЦŶĴǿߣΪһ²ǵıӺ͵ͼΣУ


694 ڵ
ڽƬ־ڱصãҲ֪ȡƬʱڽƬں񽣵ĹУκ˶޷κΪ֮ǰζˡ
ǣʼ˼ƬҪķһʱ䣬У޷κǣӢۻЩ˵ϰԣضתԷӢ۲ԷӢвԣǰȡȡƬǰ֣ش÷Ӣ뿪ʱ򣬷ӢѾԶԶ뿪ƬԶż
ʱ߲ڣ⽻֯һƵ߲ʹâЦŶˣһֳͲм
㣡
˽ɭȻ̵Ķ졣
ͬһʱ䣬Хһһͷ𲻶ϳҪ߲ɫϣȴһһαɣʮ֮󣬰ͷǱһϢվڳ߲ɫʱش
⡭
Ǹ꣬ǱȻȻԼ˻ϣ
䰡
һʿһĻľ
ǻӳɱ⣬ȴãȫ߲ϵ
ô죿ôȥǱ
Ѫ𿪿ڡ
ܣ

ɭȻɱ߲ʹԴضϡ䱦ɣȱ㱻ȡ뵽ڣҪƿأҲúķһЩʱ䣬̾ƿءǰŵǱʱγɷϣǣܻʱǵ֮ɱ
ԵͷͬʱĶ߲Ϻ졣
߲ڣЦɨĴǿһֱָۣԾ
һʱ䣬Ļ߲ɫâ£Ϣ뵽֮С
ͬһʱ䣬ʼת̫ľ
Ƭ壬Ʈʶ֮ڣУ˿˿Ƶ߲ʹâ֯ڡʱת̫ľЩ߲ʹâҲͬʱԼǣܸͳش
ˣ
貵ĽâϵϢһ
ȽâʥϣһЩǿͨɢ붯ݡ
òõĽâ
Ĺǲ򵥣ǿ
Ҳָо
˵
˻˫ۣ̺⣬ֻĶ졣
ҲڶĴǿߣԵúܵĮͬʱһֲмͷ̡
Ĵǿɫø䡣
ŵĹ

߲һʧȴģֻ
ĵ
ѪͰӰûٿڣֻ졣
ֻЦһת̫һֱһƻ⻮
ˣ
â֯ϵϢ
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱ󣬽ƬںϣĽâһ̣Ϊﵽͨɵڶ۷壬ֻһͿԿͨ죬սǿһЩ
ʶڣ΢ûʶײð
ͣ
һ죬⣬߲Ͼֱ顣
̼䣬ĵɱϯ
ɱɱ۱
Ӱ
Եˣ
Ѫͷ
ͳʲôҲûУֱӳѹ˹ȥɫɫӿ
ĴһһԸ
Ĳ
ĹǿͱĲӿתۼѣĴǿ߱Ϳ絽ǰ

ֱ̣ӳĴͨ
ȻûʲôԼԼһɱ졣
һطռ䵱Ƭ
һֲֿĴƣĸɱ벽ǿߵһ֣治ǿЦ˾ãȻǴǿˣ˿Ҳһüͷ
ԭأĴǿ߹ɱģһʱов
ı˿䣬ûаҺη塣
û졣
Ц
ʱַŵǰֽӡʱóҡ
䣡
ɱƵʱҡض·ƬԶżҪ̮˰㡣
ⷽɲǼ䱻һɻԵˣɱ纣ڣǧֱ۴ϸɱת۽˻ӳͨķ顣
㣿
ɫɱǿǶо˴в
ȥһ̣ΪģҲֳ֪˶ٷ磬ƬԶżڵȫɶһԵɱ⡣
ǡƣ
ɱ󣡡
󷨣ܿӡɱ󣿶ҡңпӡɱ󣡡
طŲʿͨɾǿڣںϽƬʱû뿪Ϊ֪˲ưոݣ뿴̬ķչңҲһЩ˱Żˮ뷨ʱ򣬼ǰһĻ˵ı鶼Ǳˣǰܼɱһֹסļ



һ飬̮һ̷·ֽͬİ㡣
ԭأᣬǹЦ֪ƬںϺһͬʱֶԸȻǿҲһ֮սĴԣڽںϵĹУȻһɱ
ͨɵڶ죬ɱӾʱʱ䣬㹻ӡһɱˡʱɱ˵ɱֱγǿĿռϣȫĴͬʱС
ңͨɵڶصΪµɱѾԶ׼ʱһɱᲢۣѾ׽һǵɱ͸ԶǿΪӡ£նɱһİ벽ǿˡ
ɣ
Ѫ
һʮɱֱն˹ȥ
һҶ֣ʸ˵ֻ
˵
Ѫɫɭ䣬Ӹ䣬Ѫɱâ֯ͨʮɱ߽⣬ȴǵŵŵŵĺˣԵЩǱ
ɱ벽ǿߵȷʵǿ󣬾ȻܹסЩɱ⡣ɫĮԵЩ飬Цôǽ
Ż£һɱ÷ڣɱ񽣰
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ܼɱ𶯣ûĴ
Ĵǿ߱ɫȴǺܲпᣬͬʱ֧һǿͨ⡣һʱ䣬ڷɣȻǱȴҲȽɱֵ
ΪһɱֵܵǣЦ
ͫɭȻ
һڳһͭӡɲĲʱһƵĽ֯ܵɱⶼһЩӰ졣
ǡƷεĵ
ⷽͭӡ˽Աɫ
ߣ
һ
ѪӲпᣬһѪϽ֯һ硣
ҲҲƷ
Ĳ
䣡
䣡
һ̣ǿᲨɢӰһڹƵĺڶܣһâ֯ذףɢƣ˿ͭӡѪѪ
⣬⡭
ͭӡѪڶܣذס
ļƷ
ȺȻ


695 սĴ
ļƷɢżΪǿĲط˽Աɫ
ļƷĸƿʩչǵǿľ
һ̣ȥͭӡ𶯣ѪԵڶܷ⣬ذĴԶһƷ֮ͬ
ô
ɭȻƷһɱвʱࡣ
ʱĴǿվһͬʱ졣
ԴˣԵúƽΨЦ⣺ô
䣡
â˸һ¯ڳʼһֱɢױȵĿ²̼ѹļƷ
˲ϢѣĴǿͬʱɫ
Ѫͫ΢ͷ¯ĸо˴в
ͬһʱ䣬ˣ΢һ
طʿȻǸȻ
⡭ǡ
ƣļƷǿһЩ⣬⡭ѵǣ
Ʒ
Ⱥ󾪡
˭ʵôǿᣬ𣬶һƷ壡⡭ǰû˵ôһ˰⡭
һ̣ط˵Ŀⶼϡ
䣡
ɱ󾪻꣬ǧɱ⽻֯һÿһֱ۰ϸһС
ԭأͷ¯ӿϣ֮âʢɢƸǿڶƷԥļ˳
֪ܲɱǡ
Į
һطһ
Ǵ㣬ɱĴ𣿣
˶¡
ֻһ˶ѣȻšҪɱĸն벽ǿߵ
࣡ɭ̫
ﬣ
̶Хɱ̼ѹĻ
춯ˣһ߶ɱͬһʱ䣬ͷ¯ţͬʱĴǿѹ¡
ţ

ɱ
˺
ǺεǸһͬǿߣѾ򣬱ƬδһͬˣһС˲ٵͬˣȻҪһɱˣȻͬʱǷ𹥻
䣡
񱩵Ĳӿ֣Ĵǿ߽ԴŭͬʱһɱҽƷҲ߶ɻɱһѹȥ

Ѫȡ
¯һ浴յĿռ佹Ʋ
Ȼ渲ˣͬʱɱҲ϶ɱⲻͣն¡
һ˵ײֱͨըһƬա
ǚi̫ľ壬׼ǧͨһߴӰǧ֣ץһ򵶻򽣣ìꪣĴǿչ޲𹥻ͬʱݻȪʥֱӵʮ
ʱ䣬񱩵ϯʮĿռһŤ
𣡡
ȴ
ĴȻһˣĹɱƼǿĴǿȴҲȫһ̣չͨڱɱ⣬ɱ졣
Ȼ޾壬̫ľ壬¯ɱԾȪɱɱɱӡҲɳɫͼ֮һɱ⡣
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
һ֮ӲĴֱ𶯣һѿ
ವһǚiǰȭݺѹ¡
һȭ죡׼ݣ۵һһֱ۸ҵķ顣
࣡
ۻӳצؿڸץѪۡ
ϣ

û˿ؿڵˣӱ¯壬еľȪն£һᴩ
ѪɣңںɵĹУʮɱ£ֱѹ˹ȥ
𣡡
𷢳ŭХƷʮɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱֶ֯ξչӸ乥ɱ졣
ϲޱΨһƬĮǚiһչԼٺǿ߶
䣡
䣡
䣡
һδεĽ棬Ƭռ⻪Ҵܡ
¯ѹ£ƬžһƽӰɡǚiɱ⿪·ͨһնƬѪâ㽫ԷԴͼʣУһ絽ѪǰֱһڶԷնѪ

ŭ𣬺ɵͬʱ뷴â󲿷ɱ⣬ֱϣݺһȳһѪֻ˶ѣ㲻ʲôżˣᣬɱ𶯣ÿһ䣬ʼɨɵҲһС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ĴǿٴѣüΪǱֱӱ顣
𣡡
˽ŭɱøǿ
Ҳв
ȾѪȴ䣬һ¯ɱһ𶯣ǰߵĻԻףɱš
⡭
̫̫ˣһսģȻϷ
Ƭʲôʱһ
Ⱥ㤡
䣡
ⲻͣײɱУӰͣ棬ͣ𶯣ͬʱɣ϶ȾѪ
˼ʳѪоȪʥһٴɨĽ⣬¯ɱٴѹˡʱȻƷһɱ󣬿ɶԷȴ˺ҶƷƲôԡ
ᣬʱҪǿپʱϾˣûκκô
䣡
ݻľȪʥƷ¯ɱ֮⣬ɴһѹˡرֱӻٵ϶ƺҪƬռ䶼նƺƵĳĴѹ˹ȥ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ֱѣһǱĺɳȥ
Աɫȫһɾ޴вС
һʱ䣬ͺ𣬶ǲٱȫչֳڴɱ
Х£
£
Ӱɱ
ɭȻһ
ѪһͷӰһֺ°ϡ˶ɫ־綾·궼𡣰Ӱ֣ƬռеĺӰȫΪɱ졣

ܶһֱۣܱĺɣȴȫûбߣֻͫױøɭȻѪֻɱøӿɲˡһ̣ͷ޴ħϸ֣ɣӹаͬǴħ߳а
ʱĹɰһ𣬽ɱƬĳȥ
ɱǣ
캮
¯壬еľȪʥֱͶȥ˫ֽӡֻͼƺƵĳǰӭϡ


696 նɱһ
ֻͼƵʩʩȻתʼһֱɢһ貵Ĺâ֯ʥͺ嫡һ̣¯壬ȫʩչͬʱӭϡ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ֲһͨײһƥĹâ˲Ϣû˷



һѣʮͬʱɳȥ
˴ڿѪͨ٣ƣǱ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳûֵʲôôһģ¯壬ɴ˿ҲܴᣬֻоѺۣѪˮͣȴʼպ䣬ںɵĳȥһ˲䣬еͺס

ȣֱס
ವһľʹֱӲǚiȥڴ˹У˫ֽӡ˵һٴνֻͼ֧
ת۶ѣǰ
ˣ
ֻͼâ˸Уݺݵĳѹ¡
ɫδסΣѹ˹һʱ䣬ͨĻᶼûУֻòֻʵĽĹƷ
ɱ
ȡ
ӱ䣬¯𶯣¶ԷƷеֻͼѹ¡
ͭӡ¯ס͵һֻͼĹ𵱳
𵱼ɫס

飬ֻͼɢĹâǿʢƿĹ𣬺ݺѹϡ

ҽ̶ǳд
Ȼһ̣ʧ
ֻͼѹ£飬ɶƷͭӡץȡУһѽϵʶӡĨ
һĻ̫ˣֱֹȥһطһʿŷӦʱǺݺݵһ
ϣ𣬱
ˡ
һ𣬱ɱˣ
ɫ䡣
𣬿ն벽ǿߵĴڣųǵδ֮һôնɱط˸оˣֹסĶ
ģ
ļ¡
ʱѪ˷ǸոסΣͬʿɫ䡣ôһ˲Ĺ𣬾Ȼ㱻նˣ
ƫͷȾѪȴޱ
ˣ
ĵһʱ䣬ɱڣƬɱͬ񽣰ˢˢĳŻŵնȥ
ﬣ
ɱͬ󽣣ܼն£һƬռ䵱̮
ѪûиҴ⣬ԸԵƷ壬ɱ⣬ͬʱһμǿͨƺƵѹ졣
ӵĮһر߶ޣıХ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ȫʩΪԿرͨն顣
ֻͼٴγһѹȥ
ǺˣͼĲԴͼ߽˵ĹԴո
ǲ𣿲ǿն벽ǿԸһˣȻˣ
̡
Įֻͼһ𣬵ϼ⡣
ɭȻǱ鲼ɱ⡣
⣬߳ȥ㽫Χɱ
Ѫ
ƫͷʱϰٵɱ⳯Ѫûȥ˵仰ѾãǼ˶ңܹȻ߳ȥ
Ѫһͣѹ棬ȴ룬ȻĻɫЩ࣬˫еɱʱøŨ
ͫ˸ѪĹ⣬ٴμдƷѪɱ⣬漴նɱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ͰӰһ֣Խɱ졣
ߣֻͼâ˸ͬʱӡҲ
ˣ
ͼƵǰѹ£Ƭɱ⣬ֻͼֱϡ
䣡
Уһɱɱûƿռ䣬ѹء
粽ϣ¯壬ͼֻͨͼʱܼɱϣ֯˷ϳն¡
˵һɱæˣҪ֮Ӳλ𣬸ܣһƷҲУϾƷƷ߼ʵϲ٣ԲܳΪʤܵĹؼء
䣡
˵Ĵײ¯ӦƷͼԷ˵ͨɱֻͼɱˮ㡣
⡭ãǿˣףðģ
һʿ
ȥڷ裬һ˶սλ𣬾ѾȾ˲ѪȴûаȻ֮ƣͬϹսתһ㣬ԽսԽ£񲻿ɵ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
Ĵǿײܽ棬ڵ棬ȭͷӰ棬ֱһ޹ĺ죬طʿɵúˣ˶ס˶䡣
ǚiһһӰת۳Ѫǰһȭѹ¡
飡
һȭѪؿڣҵİݣѪɡ

ɭ𣬳Ӷꪣץס϶츹
棡
Į˿˼ɲϵĳꪣֱһȭڶԷϡ
һɣڿѪԶǱסΡǵѪʱ¶ޱȶĹâ湹ɵɱꪴ壬֮Уܿ̾һѪ⣡
£鿪ʱоڶණڱڳڷ˺ҧѪ⣬һʹ
٣úƷ±̾Ѫʹζ
Ц
һ̣ɫһ䣬˲ϢǰǺݺһȭѹ
㡭
飡
ٴκɣղ㱻ãѪˮ
ɫᣬǰڷ裺һȺùĸ棬Ҳҳ棿Ҳͼڷһ̫ľתҵĽâ棬鲼ÿһѪ⣬תۼ㽫ڵĳٻٵһɶ

ȡ
䣬һɱɱâʱתۼ۳ʮɱʮɱȫɱ⽻ڶɣɱĻɱʱѪͳͷһոճ׼ɱİӰֹסŲͫΪ֮һ
ʮɱ̫֯£ǿ߶Ǹо˴в
ɱ
Ҳʱ³
ʮɱ϶ƺƵֱѹ
һ˵ĹѪ˲Ҵ⣬һ֣Ʒ𶯣̫ͬһ㣬ΪǿǿϢ˵Ĺͨһʮɱӭȥ
ټһ
ʱ
˵һʶҡҷʮɱһѹǰ


697 Ӷݵ
ҡҷڰɫƮɣǽȴƽѪٴζݣֵͨƷøǿᡣ
ɱ
ֻһ֣̹ǡ
ɱ⽻֯һɲǼ䣬Ƭմ𶯣񱩵ϢĲ
飡
飡
飡
գѪ˺ɳȥشǱ㡣
˻Σ¯壬ȴ˲ˣٴӿѪ
΢΢һҧûͣ٣粽ϣֻͼһѹ¡
ڣˣҪĹɱ
䣡
ֻͼ𶯣ҡҷɱһֲֿĹɱơ
ѪɫǱЩѿʵǿ󣬿ΪɱĹϵǴܵƣҲ㣬Ѳɡ

Ѫ
ɱ

ӰӰÿһӰһͨš
һʱ䣬Ӿ˵ĽչɲһȦȦĳɢȥ
⣬⼸ˡ
ʿĲ
ʱȻǰɱѹܣЩʿΪ˵սǵ̫ˣֹסĺˣͻȻһɱɳ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ҵĴײ֮Ƭɡ
칲սǿߣѪˮȾ죬е˵ѪҲԼѪ粽ϣؿڱӰˣɫȴĮѩ⽣һԷᴩͬһʱ䣬껮ƿռ䣬뵽ѪͳüУʱ𷢳ҽУŵŵŵĳȥ
һʱ䣬ǿǱѣŭɵýԷ
ʱڵһɶˡ
һɱѪһĵﴫ˵ХܼѪǴг˳εѪǣˣ̵أ̵죡
溣
ȣڳĶ棬ȥͷƤ̲ס顣
Ӱɱ
ӰŹַӡƬռ䶼ˣǺɫӰӡ
ɱֶΣ
ǣ
ֻôĸ֡
¯壬ݻʮ󣬺ƺƵĳǿѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ɱֻͼеֶһʩչ
䣡
춯صĴײһƬƬ̮һ顣
һϣɱƱ飬Եʱӿɢ
һʿʱɫ䡣
ˣˣ
˴УȾܡ
Ȼֲ̫֮ˣֻನҲЩʿоľ
飡
飡
飡
飡
ԵģĵӰɣѪʮԶǱ
Ѫһֱ۴Ĺͷ顣һѪͣѪӰ鲼ѺۣԼ඼ܹ
ʱ֧壬ɫѿתľ޸塣
ﬣ
Х̶ԶվƲö٣ѪˮȾˡȴʼպ˿˼Լƣֱ۳⽣һһѪڵһѪɫӡ˱ȥ
áÿ£
ʿĲ
Щ˷ȥɫѾܲ԰ףѾһˣȴĮˣһǿߣֱͬǴӵп
һĻҲɫ
ӣ
ѪŭԷѾһ˺ۣȴôǿƵĳ˱
̣קȭͷȥȴ
´ȡ㹷ͷ
ôһ仰ֱӵͷԶżȥ
֮
Ѫͺȣһߡ
Ӱû˵ʲôɨ죬ǿһߡ
ԭȥսɱᱦǣ״ȴǺ⣬ڵһɶˣƣңҲȻɱ죬ԼУҲԻһ
ǲΪͬ壬Ĳ룬ûһȥģͬǰš
ǲǺųͬʲô
䡣
̧ȶϣ⽣ʮɱ⣬ǿʹն׷ɱˡ
֮ڶâգͬʱϿ˸ǰ͸Ѫ

Ķ
߳úĺܲң
ŭԶĴսһˣȴǱնһˣ˱ƵǱԶݣǺεȵ裿һ۵㣡
£նʮͣݺݵĻ˼¡
ӿѪɫѾܲ԰ףʱ׷ȥˡ
˶ߵķн֯âջƽϢ
òϣ⼸ĺǿ֮ǰпӡһɱƷͬʱԼˣ־Իһ߳
ƫͷȥﻹŲʿڶʹ΢΢ü
һüʱһĺˡ
ҡֻǾȣû䱦
æͣ±Ҫɱ˶ᱦĴ㡣ʱۿȥϵϢȻѾ˥ˣղŵһĻĻȴصǰһ֮սĴɱһˣˣһ˭ܲ壿
û˵ʲôĿƿԶļͷ֮ǰǲͣںʱ߲ϣķɣȥϵɭɭһʧƺڲ˶ˡٴľʶǱ񽣵Ŀ£ֻںϽƬʱһ϶ѣȴҲôµƻ
ҡҡͷûٿͷ𣬽̫ľת֮޸塣
ˣ
̫ľתһƽɫ⽻֯ʹһٶȺתϢҲǽǿʢ
ˣܿһʱȥ
ʱƺ˴롣
ת̫ľ΢΢ɨͷǼ̨תżȥ
ֱ߳ȥԶطһʿ˿
ˣ
ܹߵЩ˵Ϊʵͣɸղ죬ȴһִĸоһսսֱʱǸоź˲١
Ȼɱ⡭
ԻģǿһǧѵóֵһţȴǱ
ȥͷƬκһ嶼񣬾ðġ
˵
ˣˣϸϸ̽ѰƬżȽϺã䱦
˵
ʱ䣬˶ǰһƬԶżô˵
һʿǶʼ̽ѰϣܹһЩ

뿪żƽѾ߳˺Զ
ǰһѪӺʣ˳֯һɷ
ڿն𣬳һĻֱѪӶȥ׼뿪ƬԶżˡУϵҲǲɵøһ˿ЦŸսƬѰĿ齣ƬȻһо˵¡
ʱԶһĨ΢⣬ʱע⡣
ǡʼǿͨ鱦񣿣
΢ݡ


698 ˵
ͨ徧ӨѪһελ֣֯˿˿Ƶ챦⡣
жݣƬԶżʱѪ˾Ϊ鱦֣ʱٴμ鱦ûԥǚiһֱӿ˹ȥϾܹüǿͬʱĶǷ
ಣ
ƺо˵·Լʶ㣬ٳԶɶݡ
лһĨâǚiһһӰתۼǳⱦԱߣһѽ֮ץС
˵𶯣Ҫѳȥֱȥڱðû˶
ۿֻȭͷСһƵ΢⣬͸ɫץУһַǳĸо
˵ⶫǴġ

Ϊڵ֮ϵǿĿֲɼȴ൱鷳ȵһ澳ǿ߸ѣֻΪĲϷǳ̺Ѱץ鱦񣬵Ҳ΢΢ЩˣѰõĿ齣Ƭֵõôһ鱦񣬵ǲСһİ澳涼ۺ죡
ңܸоⶫһԣܾˣٿɶʮأһЩͨɾµʿǿٶȺӦȡ
΢΢һΣ鱦뵽ʯУżѪӶȥ
ƺΪƬѪ˳һصХ
תۼ䣬һͷͷӤѪӵײĿҧȥ
ƽԼԻһڰɫ껯ܼ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǰĹӤȫնķ飬һѪȳζƮڿС
һʱ䣬ԶӤһǸо˿־壬ǰ
첽ƽܿѪӴﵽ棬ԶżȥѪϣһͷͷӤĶıӰջֳ뵽Ѫӵײûٸǰð
ܿ죬ԶżʱƬϿ⡣
ֵܣ
һԶһľһ˹ǷӢ֮ۡǰ촫뿪Զżֱ˳һֱ졣
֮ǰѪ˻ѪǱû°ɣӢ죬Щ㶣⣬ȥ񡭡ûµӡ
һսԶżת̫ľ˴ƣ֮ʯȡһ׸ɾϣʱȥûʲôףҲ
û¡
Цҡͷ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺãղżûгҶĻˡӢô˵ͷЦܿ죬קȭͷʵأղѪ𣬳ͰӰ˳Ψûм𣬴˿˳Ҳûм𣬲̲סʵ̣֮ǰɱ壬ȻʹļǺޡ
ˡ
Ц
Ӣ΢΢һ㶣ʲʲôסˣ
ͷɱġ
ӢĶ죬һ̱Ǽɱĺãɱĺã̫ˣקȭͷҪŴϼȭ漴죬˷ܵĵֵ̫ˣȻɱһ𣡶ңңҲǿ󣡡
壬ʱһЩɽͽⲫǷǳǿᣬԼžԵţ֮ǰӳһȭǵǱǻҪǿһ˿Ȼȣ˿Щ𺳡
ֻ΢Цû˵ʲô
ĶֵӦȡ˰ɣǣͻȥ
Ӣʵ
ȭͷ˷֮⣬Ͽȥɱ¸߸СǣһҲǳĸˡ
˶٣ڵǸӢۣҾͲȥˣһЩҪȥ
׼ȥƬһЩĵشѰһѰͰټ䡣⵹˵İΣǵһѾֿ̫ã
֮ǰѣ
Ӣʵ
֮ǰСѯʹ£Ӣ۾ԱߣȻˡ
ԡ
ͷ
ӢǾͲһ˵ʲôˣȻһȥǣҪȥѰѣǲܵȥѰҪѵټ죬˵ʲôʱ򣬶ӭֵǸóԺúȹܹ
ã
Ц
껰ܼӣһ㶼ɿ飬ȴоһϡ
գͷӢ۸̤ճԶȥ
ֵܣӭʱ
Ӣ۳ɤӴ󺰡
ڿжŷӢۻ֣ܿʧʾͷ

뷶Ӣ۸תۣʱȥա
һ죬ʮɽһ޴ʯǰƽС
ʯΪǣƬܳҲСԸ־޴ĺɫʯɣݻһֲɣϢȻѾ˺ܾãÿеʿǳ࣬ǿ߶УȻɢࡣ
ĳǳأÿ齮һǸ࣬ʿ໥佻ױͷ֮أϾʿԼһĶֵУǲʵ
ҪѰҰͰټ˶ĵطȻѡ
У˺ܶ࣬¥ͥʯ鹹ɡ
˵˸ɱˡ
ϻȻ˵ˣܲǰҾ֪ˣ
ǰ֪ˣ֪ðһˣ¸ݿӣɱˣ
ԣ
Ҳ֪˭ʵ̫ˣȻ£
˵ΪıƷ
ΪһƷˣҲǺ
ۡ
ڳУŲɵһ٣Զżڷ£Ѿ˴ȥˣңȻԼΪ˶Ʒ˸տӣԷˣ
Щ˾Զ̲סƫͷʵѣϢģʵ
Ȼ棬ǰӰ׿ڴһʶ̻˵ģм١һ񣬲ǿ߶ˣҪնɱˡңݰӰ˵˲ɱһƺ˹ļǿߣ񣬹Ҳи߳Ҫ˸ն
Ҫ˵ˣҲǹ죬ǿ߶ǡҡͷҲ֪ŪԼ֪໹ôġһ̣궢죬Щݣ˵ֵܣⳤ࣬ôͰӰʶֵ̻ôƣֱһģӿӡİ
ԱһЩ죬ҲЩ졣
ף˵񣡡
ǰ̫ˣ
òͣʣֱһģһ
Щ˾ȡ
ֻʱѣЩ˺һɫ䣬һͬ˰㣬ˢˢ
㡭
ָ죬ָ¸ͣ


699 Ļֱ˵
ؼôˣòͺʶһģһȻֵҲԴﵽ˵زɣһʱ䣬ʿ죬ֻоͷƤ
㣬㣬ѵǣǸǸ
Щ˻̿֡
һ˺ˣʱ죬ͬһħ㡣
Щ˵ķӦ쵹ǲô⣬Ψн֯âӰ𣬻ҥˣԷɱһ㱻ҥΪ˶ƷûʲôˣΪΣ嶼Ҫɱ
ⰵӰȻƹ弸ǿҲǱɱԵЩˣҪ֪ˣǱӰԼıɱȴǷˮõԼϣǸޣĵж档
Ļǲ
з̡
棬ǸǸ
ʼڵĻĲ
ǳؽֵϣʿĿܿ춼ϡ
⡭
Ǹˣ
ɱᣬɱ弸ǿߣºȻȻô
˽Աɫ
ֻת۶ѣһһǳһ
֪Ҫǳ̽Щǲˣֻóųȥ
ûãѾߵǳصĳλá
ӣ
ʱ򣬴ŷŭɱ͹öһЩǿ߾ǳУ˹ΧڳſڡУǿʮˣΪߴͨɵ죬ǿˣΪߴͨɵ졣
ңһ󻹸һȺʿ飬Ȼֵġ
ֹסŲɫƽȻ֪ЩǿΪʲôĿʮϣɨһۣǺųɱ벽ǿߵ϶ˣƾǼֻҲҳ鷳ô
⡭ϣϣ⡭
ʿһ¡
ʵӴ󣬱ΪϹʱһħϣѪǿǿһ壬ȴǱֱӳΪϣǰЩǿߣ򱻳ΪϣЩֻãǰ˼ֱ̫ŵˣֱﰡ
Щ˺ܿҲȻˣǲŵɱһ
ɵ度ŶѣʲôǿԼʲôǣĶΪ׵˺۾Ѫ죺£ɱɱһǧѵһţȻ˸ɱˣԣǸʧ£޲졣
䣡
䣡
䣡
𣬶ʱǿ߱죬Ǵͨɵһ졣
鵭ĮЩʿȻʲô棬˳ֱһĳ
۵һǰһ˵ĵķѡץסһЩǿߣקסͬһһǿߣը
⡭
áǿ
ͨǿߣȻȻһ˲ͱ
Ĳ
Щ˵ɴ˫ۣоһ֮ǰӰݣ˶ҪŽɱ𣬻ʵҲǿ󣬿ȴӦǿȥҲòʲôˡһ̣ǰһĻЩ˵뷨Ȼҡˡּ̧ɱͨǿߣȻֻͨɵһأҲ㹻ˣԲһͨʿõ
ɫĮƫͷ弸ǿߣǹǼˣɱ෴ǱӰ𣬳Ѫ˺ûаϵ˿̣֮Ժ͹Щǿ߽ͣΪ£ǲһЩν鷳Լϡ
˸ǿߣΪͨ쵽ͨ첻ȣ񶼺Įһ˿ڣɱˣԹԼϣ
˵ЩǿڣɱģҲ᲻ϣɱģûбҪϡǼǿߣȷʵɱҲȷʵԣǰӰͬǼ˺
ڶطʿı鶼ǱùŹ
⡭
ļˣ治ƺģ
⣬Ӱѵ˵ѣǰӰһ𽫹Ǽǿ߸
ǿһ𰡣ڸô°ɣ
ǰϾ𰡡
ü
ӰϾƬǿߣܳɾȸ߶ȣӦòǰӰɣ죬ʱ򣬴ı鿴ƺҲû˵ѵĺۼһʱ䣬Щ˵ĸ㲻徿˭˵Ļʵ
弸ǿطһʿЩɭȻȻĻһЩҡ
ʹʮ˸һ𣬼ûɵһɭɭ⡣
Ϊ׵ǿæڣǿǣĪҪĲԣţļλˣѾ֪͹زŹԹȻùɣùԼң⣬Ĺư
ǿᣬƬ˭֪ǱĻ壬ԣԻһѡʱŹ弸ǿߣ̬ŵĺܵͣͬʱ־ŭĶ죬еɱøӵŨˡ
˵ĻüͷһƫͷĿٴϡʼ˿ڣΪͨأôģ
üͷ΢壬˵˲ˣңǴһֵۻʰ̬ڸ
ԵĮЩ˵ˣˣҺģ޹ء
˵޹أǾ͵ţ
ɫ䵭
ôҪβţ

Уǿͨʿ߳ʵʵվű𶯣ѰʶʵʱȻ֪ҵȵԲô
⡭
ѡҪѰʶ
ƣƺЩ
ط˶΢΢һ
ʿһ㶼ԼܣѰʶܾͻᱩ¶ңʶʿԣҲޱҪĴڣѰʶһǳõ¡
ɫʱǲν鷳һٶ˽ͣ⼸ȴʼһͱ˵̬ǵôߣȻѰʶ
Ļֱ˵
ĵ
ʱӭŹˣκһ˿һɺ⽻֯
ѣǿſ񣿹ļλˣΪôỹܣ
Ϊ׵˵
ͬһʱ䣬˵ɫȻ̹ɱڵɢ
ļˣǱ
Ϊ׵˺
˵ɱ
ԱһǿֱӿһƳѹȥ


700 նɱȫ
ĳ嶯ֵǿٶҲǺܿ죬תۼǱƵǰ
СˣҲҶ
ɭ
˵һϵǿ˼֣Ƽʢ
䣬̧һץס
˶ݣ㡭
ץס΢΢һŤһ˵ҽС
ңͬһʱ䣬һɭɭԿرڰУ˸ɭɭ⣬ֱ׼˵üģüֻвһ磬˵ֹס˲ҽУжʱ¶ɫͷ亹˳
⡭
ǡǿǸͨǿߣȻȻһ˲ͱͱ
ãÿ£
Ⱥһ
ǿҲɫһʱ䵹Ƕû˶
ӱ䣬ԿرĳֱӴ嶯ֵ˵üģ֮նȴǲ֡ˣĵ˵һΣ˵ûаϵûʲôһֱӽץŵĹǿˣһΣҷŹ㣬ң
ʱ̻ʵֱ֤ĻǣôΪǸʱҰһֱڹעŽƬһ̻ƬҲУ뿴£Ҫ֪Ƭ¹ʶڵ񽣣ֻһܣʱ£Խ֪Խã
ǸʱԶżѾʮ˼ƬЩȴǽ֮һڱȽϲıѣٿһЩǴ̻ͻᱩ¶£ǱһЩǱ޵ϹŶߣǱ꣬ˣԣǲѣ
Ͼֻд˵еĻԪ챦Уû羳κۺ񣬵ڵڶĽʱڤħķѴὣŽƬձʶڸյ񽣽ߡʱӡһ˲߲ʹԴǱ꣬Ǿһˣ
ԣֽܴʱľ̻
ҲΪˣֻǿͷϸЩ˽ͣңΡεĽͣʵϣԾԼѾ㹻ˣΪԣļ˲ɱеûϹʲô
ŹˣղҪѰʶ£ԼҶֵ£ҵûзǣҾǣеڶΣҲ飡
ط˶ͷһֻоʵ̫ǿˣŹǿߣȻһ̬⣬Ժֱ֮ǡǿƵһͿ
ѣʲôҲˣΪ׵ǿ߶죬мɵȴɱ⣺ƺţ弸λǿߣȴſ񣬼ֱݣɱ㣬Ƭذ
ɱ
˺
ʱȴΪ׵ǿ⣬ܵʿȫ˳ȥɱ졣
ЩŻּ̿ɵɱˣʱΪ׵ǿߵˣЩôܲϣܻ֣̿Ҳɱǰ
ɱ󣡡
һǿߺȵ
һʱ䣬ľŸǿ߸ƶתۼ䣬ζǱЩãһ־޴ӽǲ죬Ӹ䳯췢𹥻ңŸʿһ𣬹ɱҲ࣬ǵϢطʿļ¡
ɱ󣬾˵һ𹲼ɻɱ飡
ʿ
䣡
ط˵֯Ÿǿߺɱ죬ƶЩ˷룬˺Ѳ׽ĵ
˵ΧɱȦУɫĮ֮ǰĳУһɱĺɱֱն飬âƮڿС
Ϊ׵һԾŴǿ߹ɱƺûʲôѹҧˣļλѣȷʵЩʵɱ֮ţ弸λһ֣նɱΪǸԵ˱ѩޣ˵ţֵʵ̫ſˣ
һ仰ȻǿΪ֮ǹ˵˵ű˵ǸǿֻΪùٴγ֣һɱ졣
˲ɵȻ֪Ϊ׵ʲôȻˣ˶ȴǺ䣬ñ֮ǰ䡣Ƿű˵ǹǿߣɭȻղţ쵱˵潫֮ˣν棡ʱдһ˿˿ҧɱΪѩޣ
һ˵Ļ£ֱӶͨɱȥ
Ϊ׵ǿ⽻֯űŸǿΧŵ죬˶ٺ³һɱ֣ɱ
䣡
䣡
䣡
䣬弸ǿ붯һѹ˹ȥ
ɱ
Ϊ׵˴һŹǿߣɱȥ
ʱ䣬طͨɱĺ󣬱ƵΧ۵ʿæˡ

ⷽշһĴƺһ̾Ҫ
粽ܼɱ⣬ɨӹˡ
Ѱ·

ûһ仰ֻĶ죬һɱ⡣
Ϊ׵ǿߣ˫ۺ̣ܲɱԹǿߺʮǿߺɱȻſСΪԼʲô𣿽գֻ͹ǿУι
ƫͷˣ䵭ѩ
˷ǳˣɫӱɱ߶ĸ䣬һ̣ϣΪӰͻأͬԽ˿ռֱӳǰɫ䣺㡭
ûʲôгâ˵ͷ­ն¡
˾֣һ̣оܵĿռ·ȫ˰㣬ƶܣס
ۣ
ѿѪ⽦䣬˵ͷ­ֱӱն£Ҳ۵һը
ʱ˽Ĳ
һɱɱˡ
Ⱥ㤡
ֻһѣɱһͨǿߣңڱǿΧնɱʵ£
ɱľһΪ׵ǿߣȻô׾ͱɱˣһʱ䣬˸ɫұ䣬ֹסĲ
ƫͷŸʿɫһƬ䵭׼Ŀʦƿһ߹žһЩˣһּ򵥵ĺϻ󷨣ȻƾɱϻУתۼܿĺȱڡ
гһֱӵʮâӸͬĽǶȺնѺϻͬʱ۵Ľ˵üᴩ
⡭
ɱ󣬾Ŵǿ߹ˣȻҲһһ͡

죬طһʿͷ
ʱ򣬹Ҳɫ䣬оĿ£һ̲סһ
ĿƶڹϣĵһٶĽͣӣҪѰҵʶһζʱҸ棬ҲǲҪңϧǵ˶߷磬ɱ⳯ѹ¡ųֱˣɱڣȻˣǾͱˣ


701 
еĽͨǣʱȴ֯һɭȻĺ⣬Ĺһһ̣ûɵһĲ֮С
ܿ죬˵Ǳɭһҧɱ⸡֡
þˣһҹ
Ϊ׵ǿ߳
ɱ
Ǳ˹ĹǿߵͷмɵĹɸӶࡣ
˵ͺͨâ˸һɰƺһ𣬳˷ϯȥ
ܣΧطһʿϢȫǳȥ
תۼ䣬طÿյģֻһŹǿ߿ȥƽǰĺڷ趯
ɱ
ʱ
һ֣ڽǳһζμǣȫɫԷ⡣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ļǺأתۼ佫Χҵתһɳһ̣ЩǿٹһΣС
ﵽͨɼ󣬹ữɫӲȶԣɿƷ⣬ƺƺǹǹǰҼһΣܿ£һ˸ֻΪ⹥ɱĻӣ
ϱǿļ¡
ܣһʿŹˣľһǿᣬԹ廯ԹɱУʱʵǺۺЩе죬ղŵǿǿĺܣ񣬾Ȼô򵥵ıסˣ
˼챻Լ˵סʱԭŵļɵǳɢȥɭ
ǹÿһؼǶǽ֯ҵͬıԴϢ˺Ȼһİ벽ǿҲһܹ֮飡
Ϊ׵Ĺǿߵ
˵Ĺǿ߿粽ǰðһع壬סһǽ죺ڣޣԸղŵǿƣɭȻûɱˣڣ㶼ðҵȣ
ǿ߿еĹǽɫâֱеȥ
ûɱˣҶУɫ䣬г΢΢𣺡ǾãĽˣ
ﬣ
Хһն£һĿռѺۡ
һ̣һ죬ɫξֱ̮·ɽ
⡭ֻһն˹ǿߺǹ
֮ǰڵϱǿһǾͲ˼ɫ
弸Ҳɫ䣬ôܣ˺ȻôĲһ
˵ǹǿ߸Ȼŵŵŵĺˣᣡ㡭ôܻٵ
ޱ飬һ˲ǿǰ
ûж˵ʲôгź⣬Įһն¡
ס
ۣ
ѪˮĽǿֱӱնķѣǽһضǡ
֡һһɱһͨǿߣ⵽жǿ
ȺĲ
ûȺķӦ⳯ŵɨȥնɱĹǿߣʿĹȫǳɫһŵ⡣Դˣû̫⣬Ŀͣ£˿ȥǿߡ
ӭ˶ʱļɫѿࡣ
ﬣ
Хż򵥵ĽŲһһӰһǿǰֱûʿüģһʶ
Ѫ⽦ԱߵĹʿʱŭӡ

ǿߴܼĹǴ̣ɱ⽻֯ɱȥ
ŲһΣһȭ¡
˵һ𶯣·һı˰㡣
ֵǿΪףȴסһȭֱӱķѡ
ǡǸʿǴͨ찡
̲ס
һͨĹǿߣȻֻǼ򵥵һȭ㱻ˣ
ɫ䣬ƫͷĿǿϡ
Ųƽˡ
㡭ģƹǾɱ
ǿ
ʱ䣬ɫɱǳÿһ鶼֯ž˵ɱͬ뷢㳯ѹȥ
Уûа仯ͬƽ̹һ㣬ֻǿǰֲָüģâ£۵һüĹᴩ֮Ե
࣡
Ϊ׵Ĺǿŭŭ⣬о⣬ɱ⡣תۼѣ˵ˣǱնˣ

ǿͨâ˸ǻһ޴ùǣùǽ֯ɫ⣬ŵ绡ĻӶ޴ȭĿռ簼ݡ
ƫͷֻ֣
̧֣ȭӭϡ

һ죬޴ùķѡ
ٴο̼Ϊ׵Ĺǿǰ۾ȪУն¡
ۣ
Ϊǿߵͷ­бɣԶ
漴һ£˵ͷʬҲնķ顣
תۣﻹʣһǿߣǻֹ֣̿סķǿ߷𣬺Ĵ߶ܣһǿ֮ͨ˾ֱӵͷգ˲ϢɣĳԶȥ
⡭ˣ
Ⱥۡ
ǿߣ񣬾Ȼˣ
̧ͷûаһһӰת۽ǿ¡
࣬ҹΪ𣿣
ɫĺȵ
鵭Į֮ϻʲôеľȪֱն¡ȻѾˣѾɱˣôܻʱ顣
ۣ
һѪըǿߵֻͲйǴӿ档
תۼѣͬ׷ʮ˰㣬ȫն
գķɨۣоȭɢתԶ
ܿ죬ԶԶ뿪˷ǵķΧʧطһ˵ҰС
⣬꣬
ɱʮˣɱˣɱΪ׵ͨǿߣֱֱ̣вˣˣǿɱ𣿡
ʵͬ˰
Ĳ
ͬʱҲ뵽棺ܹ֮ǰǲɱƺûйϵˣΪΪڣɱ˹ǿ߰
ǲưոݣ
壬ɱһĲŹˣ
֮Ҫͬʱ壿
Ӧ
ͷƬκδ嶼ӦһɢޡΪһɢޣ֮Ҫͬʱ壬⡭
ʿĲ

뿪ǣһЩʿܼڣ̽ѰͰټ
֮ûãʮǿһķֲڽסһ벽ǿ߾С

İ벽ǿɭ죬ɱ죬ֱӳ¾ɱ⡣
ԴˣֻǱߣһӭϡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һ˵ĶԾǿĲ֯⸽Ĳʿļ¡
һսֶӡһУݻǧرɱˣսİ벽ǿߣֲڸĴشĲƲգսʱȾѪֻͼԷ
Ϊﵽͨɵڶ۷壬սǿ࣬ѲǸͨɾʱɱȣ֮£ûм˿κε
ϣ
жһʿ֣һ벽ǿߣȻôɱˡ
ƫͷסȺʿûʲôԥĮ֣âɨ
Լʮʱ䣬жȺʿնת뿪
⡭ȥŶʮӣȴȴɱ벽ǿˣ
ֲڸŲʿʱԶȥıӰһĲ
ʱţһιȥա
պһȺǿΧ£벽ǿߣǿƶĳ֣Ҫնȥˡ
Դˣǿƣ飬һս֮󣬽ΧȺʿȫɱֻ벽ǿߵͷ­ԳᴩŶڵϡ
һʱ䣬ƬֵķзһճѪǿƣն͹һʿ벽ǿ߶ɱʿ𺳡
ٲȻ䣬һǿ¡
һ𣡡
ļ¡

ʱĺܿ죬ҴҼ䣬¹ȥ
һ죬ϣɸ߹ңâ
ɫƽ粽ɽ֣йʿܼĵطһ߽һȷǸӳĳǳأڳǳʿľ𺳵Уǳеһݻն飬Ƴһ꣬ȻǰӰ
ʱǰżȻ֪Ӱǳأֱɱ˹
Ӱ죬Ӽ˸Ĺ⣬˿˿Ƶĵ绡֯
࣬ôĵӣ
Ӱ߻ͬǿ߸棬ΪԲͨɵأоԼһĵֱӿںȳ⡣
̧֣һѪâֱӰǿնķ顣
գͷ­һá
Ӱ


702 
գŰӰɫƽڷԵ춯
⡭
еˣ
ɱ͹һǿߣȻƵ⡭Ҫ԰Ӱ֣
ǳڣľ
ųΪɳųǣѾ˺ܾãÿռеʿ಻ʤ
Ӱ˸ĹâκֽţһսΪҵĶ֣ǰԶżһսսǰп̻һɱ󣬶ǲһûɱ£С
ûʲôֱӶˣһһӰ˲ϢӰǰ̧֣һȭ¡
ٶ̫죬ǿ簵ӰһʱҲ޷ִֻܲټ佫˫ֽ浲ǰ
飡
һ죬ӰֱӺɣײɳųڵһ֮С
⡭Ӱ𣬱һȭˣ
Ⱥһ
ʱ˵ഫţ֪ǿ󣬵ȴҲû뵽ôǿһͽһɣ˲ͷһ
䣡
һӰϴЩɳûʲôˣȴԵø˼֣ͬǺڰеУĲ
ֱӿ粽ݻȪʥЯ콣âŶԷѹ˹ȥ
וּһХ˶Ĥһʹֱס˶䡣
Ӱ֣Ƭڹ۳ꪣϣӭľȪ
䣡
ײʱһ񱩵쫷硣
Įһ𣬾Ȫʥùâʢһ˵Ľ𶯣ƬռʱȽ֣â˷ŰӰɱ
Ӱߣꪻس飬һɨеĽȫѹ顣
һս㲻У

£еĳƸǿٶҲø졣
鲻䣬ɵĮսӭϣնʮ⡣
һʱ䣬ͬƶԿ壬Ψнꪵײ첻ϴΨһ˵𶯲ɢ
ÿ죡⡭ôƶģ
𺳡
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ײһһҡ
ֳ־ȪһƬҶݺڰɫҶƮɣķռȫ֣ӰһܵĻᣬֱӳмѹ£
ߣ
Ӱӱ䣬ֻ̧ƬӰɱâֱӽܼĺڰɫҶȫն顣
߳ײһһʱ䣬⽻֯ɱײһŴĿĹΡ
ͬʱɳųѣ˵ĶԾڿнУȴվǴɳųϿգʱʱвĽâɱ׹䣬ʹǳڵĲٵ¥ãһЩʿǿܣ±˶ԾʱĲɱС
⡭Ҫսȥ֪ýǳظٵٰ
ļ¡
쳯ɳųɨۣɫɵĮӰ𣺡һսµһ˲䣬һ޴Ӱ׼Ҵ߶£Ӱͬڴ˿ʵһ㣬һƳǰ䡣
飡
һӰֱһķɣǰײС
ǚiһһӰתۼɳųǣջӳһĿĽ⣬ɽİӰն¡ӰҥΪУȻη壬ȴҲȻˣҪնԷ
Ҳ֪ĺͶԷɳųڷſֽһսĻὫɳųǻٵĿȫǣڻʹһЩ޹ص˲ⲻ뿴¡ǣתս԰׼ҴӰɳųǵķΧ
ﬣ
âննƬľֱĳŰӰ׹ĵطնȥ
ҲʱﴫһһӰֱʮɶߣΪһսģȫɰڹ۶ɣһѽնȥı˽âķ顣
Ӱ
ӰʮɸߵľӰڴ漴ӰٶγһӰն¡
һһɾ˵Ĵϯȥտһ飬ض
ǸоһĿ£ȴ⣬׼Ҵٴչһͬ޴ӰԻһѹ¡
䣡
ӰײգӰ飬񱩵ϯܡ
ͰӰٴײһ𣬽âꪹ⣬ȭӰӰ߲Ͻ棬УƬֲס𶯣ڷɡ
ǚiٶȿ켫Խâն鰵ӰƬɱ⣬ȪʥֱӴԷؿڣƬѪâ
Ӱ
Ӱͺ˫ֻûӰ⣬츹һǰ͸Ѫ
Į˼ƣֻȭӰ
ͬһʱ䣬ӰˣȭͷӰ⣬һȭ졣
ˣ
һδײͬʱɣѪˮٴνС
סΣ̫תѪϡ漴ûʲôֱͣӿ粽ϣѪɫѷ죬ĴɽӵʮѹһƺƵĳŰӰɱȥ
Ӱؿ˸ӰĹ⣬Ҳۿɼٶȿʼָ
ɭֱӰ幥ɱ춼Ӱɱ⡣
ܿ죬˱ٴײһ
䣡
񱩵쫷ϯʮԲ֯һʱ䣬Ƭɽ䣬Ƭľݻ٣һ޴Ѻۡ

ŷ籩ҲԳǵǿ飬ֱ̮Ƭ
ɳųڣʿϸ߿գԶԶɽ˶ԾɵõʵǵȻ̫ھˡȥûսãӶǳȴͼٵһ룬飬ѣս֮ʲôҲԱһ֮ʶᱻ˲ٵ
䣡
䣡
䣡
У˲ײɱ⡣
Įչ󣬽ӰеĿռȫ⣬ͼŵͼƺƵĳԷѹ¡
ͼ⣬Ӱɱ⣬ٴԷǰĺĴɽӵֱѹ£ȻȫڶԷϡ
ۣ
ӰѪɰɶԶ
һĻĹųһʿٴĲֹסĵ
Ӱ𣬾Ȼֱˣ⣬Ȼǡ΢΢·
ļ¡
УӵĮһӰ𣺡㲻˵һսҲĶڣΪԼôǱ
ӰȾѪԺжʱɭĵâ
⣬սǰѣڣ
һ̣һһɰڳ̼Ƶܡһʱ䣬һޱѹֵĲɢƬռ¶Ȼ󽵣ʹɳųڵʿǺݺһʵϢ̫ˣɵ÷
Ρ

µ˲䣬ҽâͬһ㣬ϯ񷣬ֱһƬա


703 
âԾ̫ÿһ¶ڿһɫӡʹɳųڵʿǺݺһ
Ϣáÿ£
ļ¡
Ĳ֮ǰЩ˶Źǿնɱ͹һʿ벽ǿߣվֻ˵̡ܲʱһսǵǿЩʿļ£һȻĸо
䣡
䣡
ּ䣬ǿϯһᣬһײһĿĵ绡
ն㣡
ӰɢϢˣʮӰĹͬжϵٲ㣬ǿľˡԵúԸɫᣬ泯췢ֱһȭͺ˹תʱԻɰǧİɫȭͷӰ
ǣӰĴӰȭ
ȭΪ˵Դ飡
ҪǣȭӰ̫ˣҶʵֶδ߷ȻֻǰһȭҲѣ
ɳųڣʿ
ˣ
ּ䣬ȭͷӰѹ죬ȭͷĺ
ȳò˵ǳ£ѵֵ
䵭ûа仯һ˳ȥ̫תɫ壬ûʩչʲôرֱ֣ͨͬȭһȭӭϡ
ɫâ֯ȭˣһ̣ȭͷ·ǻƽİ㣬С
ˣ
͵һ𣬷·ǲҪ̮ͬһ̶Ʋ˶Ĥһۡǰռ䵱ˣӰӳӰȭȭͷӰ̼䱻飬ɫȭâͬ˰ϯϡ
⡭ֻǼ򵥵һȭͣͽӰĴӰȭ
ÿµǣ⡭𣿣
ֽâҲܹŹ֣ƺƺǣȫѹ˴Ӱȭᡣ
Ⱥͷ
ӰȭȭӰٴλȭڶȭֱѹ¡
һ̣ת̫ľɫգÿƴӰȭᣬͬһʱ䣬ǿһȭȫѹƴӰȭȭ
飡
תۼ䣬粽ӰǰȵһȭڶԷؿڡ
ӰɣڿѪһȭش
Σ緽ţ㲻С
ڷ٣һǰɫȭͷѹ£󿪴ϡ
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷһһڰӰϣʿͷƤ顣
ӰͨĹ˸һˣƷɳȥһ̣Ѫžͣ˫ֲһӰ֮⣬пɭȻĶ죬³ĸۣҵӰΣ
䣡
͵һ𣬳Ƶѹ˰㣬һ̣ޱߵӰӰӰڳ̽ƬֶˡЩӰͬһ㷭֮Ťﾡ٣ǰҵ·ȫжˡ
һµĻ棬ȥֵķƺ˺ҹһ㣬ȺҹҪ£ۼѾһУֻİӰâƬռ˸

һƬƬŤ鿪пռ
ɳųǵķһЩ˶ʱݺһֻоͷ­˺һ㣬ֱӴȥɳųǵĽֵҳһӡ
ΪһˣҪ￴ӰľҵӰβˣӵնܣСʶⴴѣ
ϱʿͺѡ
˴ʧɫһЩΪСʿæͷǰ
ɣ
ּ䣬ɭȻ
Ӱİ֮ƣʩչҵӰƬֶ˰磬ʱƬͬŵۻʰ㡣
УֻоͷĿѣʶסҡңһɹɿµĻ˷ӿ˹ƺҪ飬Զ
ҲˣȴУǻһͬʿ˲Ϣ䱻ɱ𣬿ȴֻǺԶ
ӱ䣬ͨɫ˸ͬһհȼգͬһʱ䣬ʶڵҡҷһƺڰɫ⣬ʶεػס
ˣ
һͼԻȫ߶ʩʩȻתâɢķ
̼䣬ΪģܵĺڰĹһʧͼ½ڽڱ顣
ǚiһĮͼֱӳ˳ȥ
ӰݣʩչĿǰӰĺ֮һȴô򵥾ͱˣ㡭
ۣ
ݻȪʥڶԷؿնһĿѪۡ
ӰУٴεɡ
䵭ǚiһٴο粽ϣݻĴɽݺڰӰϡ
ۣ
ӰȳһѪĴɽա
⡭
ҵӰͨˣ
ӰǴͨ찡ˣˣƺֻͨɵڶ죬⡭Ȼ𣿡
ɳųڣ˾㤡
ϣͨŽɫ⣬̫սӿ£ɨµİӰ⣬еľȪʥٴγŶԷնȥ

ӰؿѾ˴룬ȴޱɭ䣬ʩչӰĶͬʱһ졣
һֻ壬һֹɱȪʥ콣
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ܲϯһı飬ʯϳա
һ˵ĶԾתۼ䣬˶սٻغϣȥʱ
ۣ
һѪէ֣ӶȪʥƬѪ⣬㽫Ӱһֱ۸ж
Ӱŭչɱ졣
â˸Ӱ粽Ӱǰֻȭѹ£һʮԶһѪˮϡ⣬âøҫۣȪʥֱͶ۵һӰᴩ
ˣ
ĵ
ŴأͬŵƶɫȭͷѹնŤˡ
һӰһαһȭУ߹ǱݺײʮԶһʯϡ

ӰӿѪȴɭ
ƤͦӲ

һ˹ȥɫȭͷһС
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷϵϴȭһδνӰɡ
УòϣܱΪͬ𣬰ӰȷʵǿȻҲûв̫࣬ʮȭȴȻûбֻһЩѡ
ҾͿ֧Ŷã

ɫȭͷһȭռ䶼
һӰɣٴοȳѪ
һ粽ϣȭ
ɳųڣһʿ죬ļ£̲ס£û뵽ճ꾹Ȼǿ˵زȵѹŰӰ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ּϯ羪İ㡣
ͰӰԾתۼʱȥ
⡭춼ˡ
ա
ҲʱǰƬУһȭɵİӰХƬֶΪ֮һ¡
ҹ磬ҰӰ磡ӰǣѪӡǰ̻һѪͼİӰһУ
ˣ
̶ѣƬؼ䣬εĺڰ·˰㣬ͬԼʶ壬ǻһ캧ˣϯ
һɫٱ䣬һŨŨвС


704 Ϣ
εĺڰ·ˮӿ˷ѹ죬ͬһκˡ
ɫͷ΢Щڰ˳һֱĸоܡ
¡¡
ڴ˺ܼӰѹϯ˻ġ
ӰɭȻԣҹѵսҹܹӵǿΣҹ޾ĺڰǱû·ӣûпռԱܣŻ䣬εĺڰ𶯣ѹʮ
һ챻һڴĺˣһѪˮ˳˳
ʱƬռеİӰ·𶼻˹ϳѹ
۾ȪնһâϵİڴȫȻȴֻǱˮнΪһ̣İڴӿЩƣӦԡ
ҹӰ޾ڴʱʩչΪ
Ӱ
ĺڰӿͬǰħڵħ˳Ĳ
Ӱ⣬ǵ밵ӰйأҹУȷʵǰӰѵս
⡭
Ǹˣڴ·ѹˡ
ɳųڣĲ
ػ谵Ψвŵǳڰڴ˷ӿһƬƬӰɱǴ˷ѹ£һδκˣӰն֮
ѪǱƾǿսܣվǽӦ˺ҹеİӰ
ҹеİӰһսطЩͻȻʧأʧʣ¶
Į
Ӱ̣ʧЦΪ˭úҹʧ
ɡ
Į
һһɰڳǰδеǿᣬҹĻƺҡһ¡һ̣һֳҵĽɫȫת̫ľɻ۶ǵȾ˵ֱӽƬȫ
һ̫
ɳųڣһʿݺһȻ
ʱ˿̣ȥڸ߿գɢޱȳҵĹâһ̫㣬ȫˡⲻǼ򵥵ںҹһƬڰǣ£Ƭռĺҹ·ʧˣ˶İ硣
⡭Ҫôܰ쵽ңһƺҲɣֱ̫
ϱǿ𺳡
һ̣УӰҲǶݣһɫ䡣ݻһֱѹطĺڰʹ˲롣

˫ֽӡİӰ
һʱ䣬޾Ӱ֮ɱݺᣬѹ졣
ɢĺڰ԰ӰİвʱȫʧѹҲûˡӵĮӭŰӰֱӽͼطӡͼԻ̼佫Էȫ
żˣ
ĵ
ŲһΣٶȼ죬һ˹ȥڰӰǰ
һӶȭӰҷɣƬѪ

Ӱ𣬼һ氵ĶܻǰͬʱƬɱâ
Ʒ
ɳųڣʿ
һƷƿǺܿµģ
һ̣ЩһڣһɸǿĲɢһ¯ԻƮͷϡ
⣬ǡϢȰӰĶǿѵǡƷ
𺳡
ڣĮ¯ͷƺƵѹӰ
飡
һ죬ӰİĶֱӱĺɣͬһʱ䣬¯Ŀ¯б׻𣬺Ȼ佫Ӱû

ҽӰӰдƷĻɲ򵥣Էٻ˵İӰǻһλ棬Ǳ롣
𣡡
ҽУӰŭӰڳȻƿ
Ҳʱ˹
ýˣ

ֽ̧ӡʱֱӽֻͼ˳ʥâƵʮ
ӰʩչӭϣӰݺᣬϢǿ
ȻӭֻͼʱȴԵЩ̼Ǳ

ֻͼ⣬ֱѹڰӰϡ
ҽٴδӰϧȴѲֻͼֻ֣֧ʱ䣬۵һըʲôûʣ¡
һ˲䣬Ƭضʱ
ˡ
ɳųڣ૿ڣ촽¡
ڣӰʧˣΨеѪƮڿУ紵ԶɳųʿĲ𺳣ֱȥЩ˵Ŀȫϣˣǿѹɱ˰Ӱһ𰡣
УȾ˲Ѫ˲ˣڵɿݡ΢΢Ϣ֧ɢһֽӰĶȡأϵİľӡĨֱӶ뵽ʯָڣͬʱ¯ȻҲ
ɳųǵķۣûͣգһԶȥܿ뿪
ֱ뿪ãɳųڣһʿɺȻ
ͨɵڶΪɱͨɵصİӰУǸС̨װ⡭
̫̬ˣֱǴݿ࣬ѵǡ𣿣
ֻֽɫ̫ǷˣҴûм
ʿۡ
ͬʱ뵽Ҫһ¡Ӱ𣬱նˣ
ӰҲҪˣ
ʿ૵

뿪ɳųǺϢʱһܲ۵ɽڡɽѰ˴εĵطϥ£ת̫ľ޸ơ
ˣ
âϵϢʼǿ
ˣһҹܿȥµһ쵽ΪƬһƬԡ
վתһҹ̫ľѾȫָ
΢ɨƬһۣ粽ȥ
û̫ãֱԵһȺʿԶ߹С
壬Ӱ壬壬嶼ŭˣǰӰ壬ڼǷ˷衣
ҲˣͰӰ壬ܲ𣿸ԵɶǱɵ˰ʧ̫ˣ
˵ͰӰǲʮ벽ǿߣƺдǿ߳Ҫɱ
˵ǸǶҲǿƵĹԣɱɱ͹һǿߣֱӱƵɳųǣӰˣǡݣ
ǺݣǿǿĿ£ʹԣͨɵڶΪն˰Ӱ𣬶Ӱ𣬿Ǵͨ죡
һʮ
˵Ӧֻһɢޣ壬Ӱ壬壬嶼ҪɱֱǡҪε⼸壬ɶǿ򰡣
˭֪أҲҵСʿ¡
˵Ҳǣҵϣ˽壬ͰӰŪͷĿѣһ㣬Щ壬ûʲôö
꣡С㣬ˣ
Ⱥ˵ţܿԶ
վӱԵûпȥԺ΢΢˫ۡ
ʮ벽ǿߣдǿ߳ǽǸƼˡ
ĮһЦԴ˲⣬ȫԤ֮УϾնͰӰ𣬵ɱʥӡ
û߳ӣּ䣬һɽȥһߣһС
ͰӰ嶼дǿ߳ȻʱɵɵĳȥϾȻʵǿ󣬿ɱ벽ǿߣʹǿȣȴǺСԲǶ֡ţȽǚi޵أˣȻǿʱսУƾŵصǚiҲ԰Ȼ
粽ּ䣬УŷǳĲƶȥöأǚi
תۣչȥ
ʱǚiزƶҲ֪˶ִɽǚiƿ˲СĽ
аʱ䣬Ӧñܴﵽǚiء

ɨܣ֪ʲôطȴû⣬һ󣬼ʼǚiزƶ
һ̣΢ƫͷԶһɽꡣ
ͻȻоһ޵ϤϢ

ɫ΢


705 ɽ
Զɽ꣬¶ϲı飬û뵽Ȼط˰ϢȻǵϢǳ΢Կ϶ԼԲо
ûԥڿն𣬳ɽλóȥ
ܿ죬ɽ긽ԶԶȥɽһͨС壬ʮ໧˼ңһЩڴڡ
ڴ
лһĨɫİϢǴӴﴫ
ڴӰ⽵£ͽУܿСС
СʵǼ߽ûкȳ⣬ֻЩĿ
ɣ£
һסŹȳһַǳͰĸо
ӭȥܿȷʵе£дţϲ¡
²¡ЦҡͷΪһͣҲԻ˿£ʵҿѰʲô
ͷϲȷʵǡ
үү
һͯԶһҵСŮıܹһǱ裬Ǹް㡣
ƫͷȥʱһСŮؿڣһ龧Ө񣬰ϢǴϴ
үүС
СŮܵߣץһϻױĵ
СŮСԴһǳ۰ı顣
ЦǺǵģ˶ϷŮ
ͷĿȴһֱСŮؿڵ񣬺ǰ
СŮץϻСԴ죬գգ۾磬硣
СŮ࣬Եúܿɰϲ
첻ɵһЦʯȡöͨıݸСŮǹ
СŮϲĽӹȥлл硣գ۾СŮһöУ˫۶ʱһСԵÿɰ˼֣𣡡
ɣлˡ
л
ϲСѾͷܿɰ󣬱ɫЩ̣ϲŮϹŵǴʲôطģ
ǵúȷʵڰǴ
СŮؿڵ񣬵һǰɣжԺǴӣڴͣפһʱ䣬סϷңסʮң뿪ʱŮӣ͸С
СŮ˵ĻСԴĵ㣬ƯĽ㣡СŮʲôƵģСֶſ£ͬڳȭһ㡣
СŮº͵ЦЦͰСһʱ䣿˶٣ٴ̣ϲǶѣһֱѰǣϲǵΪڴͣ뿪ʱȥ
ڷʢ޵粻ѰͰȴǲ룬ͨСҵˣһ֡ɽˮ·һ塱ĸо
ǣѣ
Щ졣
ǡ
ͷ
˵ͷҲûлĻЦ˵ڹһϷɡ
£Ҳû˵ʲô󣬳ŴӶ߾ͷȥ
Сߣ˴кͬʱҲЦŵͷܶơ
ѽ
ѽ
ѽ
ǰһȺʮҵĺվһյϴȭͦģ
ǣ׼ҵĻȭ
첻ɵЩ졣
˳ȥ쾪ȣЦŽ͵ǶڴʱǡһͷǴ˽ŵˣʱŮһƱ㽫ƷɰѴ˸ˣû뵽ôεεһŮޣȻǰȴԻɶҪǿǧٱȻǸʱȺСӾΧŮ޺棬һһʦҪѧ䡣
ŮӵҲ󷽵úܣһھʹӦˣ֮ļ󲿷ʱ䶼ڽȺС䡣˵ȥôãȺСӻЩӡ
һ㶣ʼʱΪλԡݰͰˣ룬ʮʱﻹ¡
߰ɣȥǰ档
Ц
ϾѾķ˺ܾãԱڹ
Ǹʱ̻̿ڳһӤСĺʯΪǿʯСġ˵˵Ҳ֣ͦǺʯȥͨȴˣǴģʯڳʱСƺ
СԱߣѽѽĽУʯʯ
ݸ漴ӣСĵĽֿ
֮£һĴָǴСʯмҲǳֺɫ֮ȡУʱоһ⣬Ҳһɴ̫ϢС
ǡ̫ԭʯ
һ
̫ԭʯؼ̫Ȼ۶ɵʯ飬ֵǳˣӵЧ̫ԣ̫ԭʯøǲԶ׳̫Դ
ѹͣʮգԭ﷢̫ԭʯ

˵ҲǾȣû뵽СȻôһ̫ԭʯӤСһ̫ԭʯֵԿǧ龧ˣ
أϲǶãȥ
ˡ
ϷҲֻϡ仹ǵã˵Ҫȥɽһߡ
˵
΢ɣɽ
˸ָԶһɽŵɽ
̧ͷȥָɽǳߣȸɽԣͬǺȺһ㡣ɽ˿˿Ƶİɫ⣬ʱ˾͵һʶǱػ˰㴫һһͷ޾ɽ䣬׿ĺХһ

ͷһһɺ⡣
ɵЩ𺳣Ҫ֪ڿǴͨɵڶ۷壬벽ǿ߶ɱֻվԶԶһɽʹһȻһɺ⣡
򵥣
һ˵ϲɽʲôʺر𣿡
룬ʲôر֮ϷʻеģǶǺܾԶˣ˵ɽһ⣬˿һӰɽ䣬͹ɽɽ˵ţ˰漴ҡͷûʲôˣǴɽﵹǲʲô¡
ͷüͷ΢壬ƫͷԶɽɽǱʶãǸطǳΣգͰȥ棿
˶٣һĨâˣϲи֮룬ҽסģҿԸǮס
ֱأòѰͰټ֪˿ȥɽȻȥɽһߡ˵ɽѾ뿪ǣЩ£ζȥ̽Ѱһ
ĸоɽȷʵǳΣգԣСһЩ׼ӡɱ󣬷Щıȣٶǰ


706 ɽ
˺ʵҪסգһڱӦʣסס̸ʲôǮ⣬˭ûѴߣͷȥһӳסˣǶЩͷӿ֮ء
лϲ
л
ϣ˼סҲ֪СĴ峤ֻСһˣǰСĸĸʱҰ޿С
ܿ죬ʱ䵽ҹ
ǳ㣬ûϢʱԴȡˮʯ̨תһϿӡɱ
ˣ
ɫ˸ָԾƷɿӡˮʯͷϡ
Ϊﵽͨɵڶ۷壬ӡɱøˡ
ҹɫܿȥһֳ
ʱʱ䣬ӡһɱ̨֮СʯС
磬Է
ʱŵС⴫
һЦ룬˺СŮȻô磬Ȼõ緹Сæ𣬽Ŵ򿪡
Сվ⣬СԴԷ
ЦСŮԴǣСŮԱߵȥڵΪ²ʳȫûκ⣬˼ȻպķݣܲԣҪסϼʱ䣬ǲԷôЩ̫
緹ùûлӣССȻҪ̻ɱ׼ɽҲܴ콫ԼɲãϾǽסСУ콫ԼﲻȻܲò
ССβһʱʱıԵúǻÿɰ
ѽ
úߵ֮ǰǿյأȺӣڿյȭ
Աһĥʯ£ЦȺȭһʱ䵹Ǿͦ˼
СץĿţһȥУץ·ʱʱҲһֻС֣ſߺߵĻӶ£һֽĸо
һЦһֻֻСŮСһﲻСĵȥ
ѽ
ѽ
ѽ
յϴԼʮӣкһһʱ˶˺
٣ܺ۴һܲ
ͻȻǰһ
յϣһȺͣȭкԼʮһꡣ
кԱߣӶǶ쿴קȭͷǹȻ뿴к
Щգ־÷ǳȤһͨɾǿߣȴȻһʮһͨСкȥһܡ
һ뿴Լʵжǿˣ˶ԸǴ򡣡
кӵͦʵ

ǣ
Ӹ塣
첻ɵЦˣЩСһһͦȤȻܡ˶٣ҲûоܾССĵķĥʯϣ漴ǰȥ
ô򣿡
Цʵ
кЩ˷ܣƽԾһһ򣡡
һЦСкͷ
վԭزһȺΧһߣΪк͹ľ
ˣ
к첽죬ССȭͷ졣
츺һֻ֣кȭͷҲЩͨͬˣͷһЦȭá
ȣ
кƫתӣرĽǶȳȭ졣
վԭز׼ȷĽСһȭͷסȻֻǵĻ˵Ск
кգ漴ȳΧȭɨȣЩƣеͷкȻʮһ꣬˰׼һȭ󣬰һĳ˹ƶǶ֡Ȼ˳СкֻǻЩԵȭЩȴûΪĺҲһ
ܿ죬ӹȥ
к۵һƨɵڵϣûٳȭˡ
ԱߣӶǾȲѣһȺбԴܣкģڣһҲûȻкſˡ
𣿡
Ȥ
кæҡͷûˡ
ĥʯϣСӮӮӮ
߹ȥСĥʯϱСŮץĿվԱߡ
к죬Ϣ˵áܸۡоԼˣȻûʹĴǴǾһܴùܶˣѽ㿴׳۾һܴſأû뵽Ȼˡ
챻ˣСһǾһܰſ£ȥһܡ
Сӣ˴ܣ֪֪˭Сүү˹ָǽȭŮ޵ѡ
кΪףһȺӶʱۣʦѣ
漴һ̣кһһȺӶɫģĵʦã
죺
ԭʦѽֲô
Ǿǣ
ʦ壬ָۣ
һȺӶʱߴߴһ˷ܺڴ졣
쵹ҲͦȤռ£ҲȺȭ
ǸСʯͷǸѿˣǸǡ˸һȺӣЦŵŮӵȭʱȡʲôţʲô󣬰ģÿζôǣȭʱҲһòֵӡ
˵ţЦһͦɫ
ҲһЦȺӺѽѽȭģţӦúϲȺСһɣ򣬲ܽЩӰ׼ҵĻȭͣʮյʱ䡣Ҫֻ֪ȡ̫ԭʯĻʱʱ㹻ˡ
Ⱥӣ΢΢һЦתţЩСһǰĵӣ
һЦȤ
ʱϿ̻ɱһЩռǺСһڴйţ˳ָһȺϰȭûúȺҲǸƨɺתһһʦ壬ǺǾͦȤ
תۣȥ
һ죬һ׼˸׼ǰɽˡ
עⰲȫӭ
Ц
磬档
СӶС֡
յϵһȺҲͣ𾴣һһʦߡ
һһһ֣Ȼֻͣʱ䣬ȴǺϲӣ˶ʵơ峤˴飬һȺӺСߣһãϲ
ʱ䣬ɱнǧ򱶡
δ·ߵͷҲȥҸСһʡ
뵽
һˣúɣ˴һۣڿն𣬳Զȥȥ֮󣬴Լȥһʱһɽ⡣
ɽ
΢΢ۡ
ɽ⿴ȥɽͨûʲôرĵطڴɽʱĸоͨ巢ͬһͷԶ޶ס˰㡣
򵥣
һֱУܿɽԼǧɡ
ɽһƵİɫƮʹҰЩʡ
ΪǿȻЩɫɽȥ
תۣһʱȥ
ɽľ׳֦ҶܣŲҶ棬͵졣
һ߼ɽȥһߴܣĿԱߵһʯϣʱһԣطղѾ߹ˣ


707 ǚi
ʯͨһЩӡϡǵãղѾ߹طǱֱڳɽߣȴٴοʯ
ѵҼǴˣ
ü
˶٣ʯһԲӡǣ漴ӣǰߡ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
Ƭɽ䣬ʱͣ½Ų˫΢Ұٴγһ鲼ӡĻʯһԲӡǣȻ֮ǰӡµǸš
һ£ûκɻˣһֱתû߳ȥ
Ȼǲ򵥡
â
Ҫ֪ͨɵڶ۷Ϊȴڲ֪䱻һƬ޷ǰЩˡ
һվԭزŵȴһƵ˸磬ͬʱҲɢȥ̽ѰƬء
תۣǰʱȥ
ʱͻȻһĨ⣬Ӷһٵ֮࣬ͬһͷͷ㳯ǰȥһȦ
ǰ˸˶ٺ󣬳ǰƹȦѹȥ
ˣ
ռоһɴǰͬǺӰ㾪ˣһĲĸоҪɣҲʱеĽƺһ΢⣬ĲʧͬʱֱûƹȦڡ
ವһоԼ񴩹ĳϰ㣬漴һ̣һ䡣
ܣɵ΢΢һ
ʱ˿̣ߵĻȫ˸ģʧˣʵĿҲ٣ڣĿռһƬ谵һѪɫĴɽʣһЩݰֲܵϣгһɭɭȻĺͬ˵еľħһ㡣
ɫ΢䣺ζܼǿʯΪɽмǿĽƴڣӡԷֹ˴룿ɽĺڣֵ̽ĵƣȴ룬ȻͻȻôһƬռ䡣
ţͻȻ΢΢üյǰͰﵱɽȴҲֻɽƬ̣ܽ뵽ƬѪɫռҪ֪̽˰ʱʱ䣬ңղƺļĽƹ˲żȻͻɽڵϣӶ뵽
˽Ͱûпܽ뵽ط
üͷĸò׵õ˵ټĶˡ
ˣ
ͻȻʶڣ΢΢һ𣬶ʱ˼ʶ֮С
񽣻ζһ߲ʹʶڵƬռ
ǣ
Ӷʱһ̧ͷ
ľ飬ʶе񽣣һǲᶯһˣôֻһǸӦ˽Ƭڶ֣Ǹо
һƬδ֪Ŀռ䣬ʵ˵ȥ֪ʲôطңֻǴӱ濴ȥƬռҲһƬƾذڡڣ𶯣ȴǰ񣬾СЩȥ
ҲƬռŵ齣ƬҲ˵ǣ䡣
һ³һСĳ粽
Ƭռܻ谵һƻҰƮڿУЩʪسƬռȥܿйɣоſеĺøŨˡͬʱƬ谵ĿռоԼƺ࣬·ͷͻȻѹһʯҪ١
Ƭռǿ౶

·ʱھ丮丮ڵܹ粻һóأӱУڵǺǸʱࡣȻǿ̶ȴԶȾ丮ţͬն
Ҫ֪ͨɶΪƬռܹһ˵ĸо˵ƬռԶǿҡȻҲЩѣô̫⣬ϾûǿԿ粽ĳ̶ȡ
ƬռȥģжһѪɫĿռƮ󣬵ֳǰ߳ʮԶͣ½ŲƫͷұλȥǸطһѪ֯۳һѪӰ
ѪӰΪΣצɭɭ̣ԵЩаʼһֱ㳯
̧֣һն
һ죬ѪӰ飬һȴٴ۳Σûܵˣٴγ·ǽ쵱ɿڵ
΢һΣһƬڰüļƮٳǰȥ
͵һѪӰըһûؾ۶
ɷ۳а壿
΢΢
룬תȥ
ŸתĽŲͣ
ܣ֪ʲôʱƮڿеѪɫŨ˿̣һŵѪɫɢ֯۳ѪӰƬѪɫؼռˡ
ЩѪӰ죬ɭɭȻĶ죬һԵĳ
ʱ䣬ƬռĿøӱ䡣
ԸЩûа壬ʶЧɱֶΡ
ˣ
Իڰɫ𶯣񽣰϶׼ǰնȥ
һ̣лһĨâֱ
Ƚʺǚi

һ룬ȳԽ౶ĿռǚiЩܼѪӰĹɱһٶȵѵĥ£ڶʱǚiƿһأ
еͨ
˵ͶܼѪӰʱֱӲǚiܹ
ת죬ѪӰͬʱڵرһɫӡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
һʱ䣬ƿյϻصƬռ
ģѪӰԽԽ࣬ҲԽʩչǚiʱڵȻҲĵĸ졣ˣԼȥĸʱоЩѷˡ
ڴˣɫƽһ߼ǲܼѪӰĹɱƣһߴʯȡһöӨıкʱʼٻָ
ǽɽǰСƵıԼĻָΪɽ׼֮һ˿ó
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյøƵҲøߡ
תۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬ܼѪӰУͬɫ˸쵽˼飬Σƶ켣
أڵˣ
л貾â
Ƭռ䣬ܼѪӰǰƵĻָıڽǚiһߵĲΣﵽǚiؾʱԾƬռĳǿƺʧ˰㣬ӰҲоˡ
ͣƶĽŲܣƽһѪӰ䡣
лˡ
һЦ
˵һ𣬺ڰɫ罣ն¡
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫תۼ䣬ѪӰɱķ飬ȫʧ


708 콣
նܼѪӰ콫΢΢ɨطǼƬռȥ̶ʱﵽǚiأԵиˣŵصǚiٶٴδͨĴǿ߶ǿˡ
ƬռԵһƬ谵ϡҲôţ֯һɷϢŲߣ콥ƽԵСĺͽϾƬռɲһ㣬ʼռǵʼɽʱĲУ֪ʱĲĸоƬѪɫռ䣬䱦ҲΣա
հɣ
հɣ
հɣ
ܺܰһţŲʱ
ǰһƬѾɿݵĺ΢΢üоâ˸Ǻһ̣¡һڣͷгһëͬԶʱİԳһ㣬һ𣬿ٳɱˡ
ʶƬڰɫǰֱûͷڣʱͷ﷢̶ĲҽУ˫б鲼Ѫ˿צ˺ԴΪצӷǳһѪҺ˳ְɫ
ѪɷϢ飿Ѿ˴ǣ
ü
֣ɫɱն۵Ľͷȫն飬ֻһصİëͰɫѪҺ
ɿͨɳǿˡ

˵ţɨƬռ䣬Խﲻˡ
˶٣ҡҡͷȥܿ߹ɾ롣
ر𶯣ǰر飬һжǵĴ߳ͷ­ϾۼףţͫԵúˣֱӽ쵱
̧֣ɫ˸һ¡
ۣ
߿ͨɶǿߣһƣȴԿ⣬ֱӱĵķѣһѪˮ⡣
첽ƽԵúӯֱ·һ·Ƭռȥ
û̫ãһƬѪɫɽ䣬ɽһɿݵľ֦ûһƬҶӣһƷľ֦ҡҷ·һͷͷڻӶֱۣҪ˸뵽ĵһ㣬һɭɭĸо
һ·ǰɨЩľһƽâ֡



ܣɿݵľȻԶ˹
ȻͿЩľĹ죬ңֱ̫֧ʱƺƵĳܵе֦ȫ顣
ŲƽûаͣǰС
հɣ
ɽ䣬ΪһƬţĽŲøӴ̶
һ·ߣܿʱȥʱ䣬ȺֹľѪ飬иʬĹצԵ³·Ҫ뵽ڰ㣬Եú죬ն
֮ǰоƬռǳΣգڡ
΢΢ü
ȻʲôΣգǣ֮ǰоΣգһ·ȴǷǳɣûΣЩŹ֣иоףָоͷ·һ˫Ѫںڰжܲ
ϣˡ

ҡҡͷٶ룬ԵúСģȥ
תۣһʱȥ
һʱ䣬аʲôΪɿаȫն顣ʱڵƬռλãǰһɽֻһ۾ͿǰеɿݵĺӰ
ˣ
ʱ¶ɫ
Ӱϣĸоʲô飬ǻˣ
ǰӰȻҲǲ˿ת졣
ǿӰݣΪһߣ˫ԵЩݡ
ͨɵڶ죿߶죬ϻһĨɫݵ۾΢΢гһ죺żȻϷǺķ˴ŽУ룬һͨɵڶصСʿȻҲܿ뵽ط˼˼
ߵЩɳƣ鲣Ħһ㣬ȥЩ̶
ŶԷĻ΢ߣѾطܾˣĬĬԷкܿһĨɫֻǼ򵥵һǸоߵĿ£ΪǳӦǴ澳Ρ
ˣ
ͻȻʶڣ΢һĨ߲ʹâʶ΢΢𵴿ȥ
һʶ˳ʶڵ߲ʹ⵴ķȥǰĴɽ֮ϣ漴һȥɽͣϿһƣֻǿһ۱Щƣ·һ񽣰㣬ƿɻһС
ǣ
ЩĲ
񽣲ԭ򣬾ΪЩƣ
Щƣȫסˣһʱ侹ȴܣʶ΢ɽϵһʩָɲǼ䣬һɾ˽⴫ԵΪĵķԲʮڵĿռݺΪ֮һƺһ̾Ҫ鿪
ۻ뽣һʱоѣϵľɫǱøӵŨҡ
Щƣ
𺳡
ֻʶİһʩָȴȻǵȽ̫Եˣ
ֻһɲǣܵĸо˾ɱ⣬նһУ
⡭
ǰĶɽסˡ
ɽǰ¶ݣ˼Ķ졣żȻƬռ䣬ķѴУѰطЩƣѾϤأȴǲû١һͨɵڶصСʿֻһ۾ʶɢǵĽһЩƣܲľ
ݵͫлһĨĹ⣬˶٣죬ЦͨɵڶصΪ˲ǰǿĽ⣬ˣ򵥰죬ϷСҲأԵСҲһɡϷأҲЩã֮һ̽֡
ߣԷԵúܿҲǴЦǣЦȴоܲһɭɭĸоǱһ߸ס˰㡣
ȻҲû̫⣬Ժߵá
Цһۣ漴ƫͷٴζǰĶɽơ
˶٣ǰھԶһλϥ£̧ͷǰɽϵЩơЩƣ˸ٴθоޱȵĽ⣬ֽ̫ںˣֱǿԻһ㡣
һԼƽɽϵĽƣĲ
Ҳʱʶڣ΢΢һеһƵ߲ɫâ֯ʶڣ뵽˫С
һ˲䣬ֻоضǧ򱶡
ʱǰĶɽɽϵĽƲǽƣ·ǻһ㣬ɢһƬƬ漴ڰ۳һС죬
һ̣ܼСͬһƬ㣬ɿĳգۼüλùʶڣʶһκˡ
𡭡콣
һ


709 ħ
ܼСʶһλɬİ帡УɽϵĽƣһžǾŴ֮һİΪ콣
һгһء
Լ䣬һصʶС
һʱ䣬ܼС֯һâƬʶˡ
𺳣ΪȺֻһһҪ֮ϣ
֮ϣָ𡣡
ͷ΢
޵еԶ𣬽·ߵͷ˼룬ֻʣ֣
죬

ʶڣһСɢâƣһС
콫ȫʶڣһ̣ʶУܼСԾ·Ϊݽһ㣬ճһƽ衣
ﬣ
ϥɽǰûжȴнХ
Х̶Լ䣬ϵĿռŤһ⽣ֶ·Ǵƿճ֣ҪնһС
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ХϣһâԻϸ֣ͬһ֮ߣͬػ㣬εĻС
⣬𺳣һĻޱȺȻ
⡭
𺳡
֮ǰ;Էǳһ㣬ȴҲû뵽ôôã٣ŸƬ̣ƺ˾裬ĲֱҪͲ
죬ʵͬʱݵͫ΢΢
ˣ
⣬â˸ʶڣܼС
ϥɽǰɫׯʶ񽣵İ£콣
ߣ
ߣظգ
ߣؼᣡ

ģֶָһСΣΧŽָת
һ˲䣬ƬռڣΪ֮Ϊ֮ʧֻС˶
ﬣ
컮ָС֮佣Х쳹أȫѹȥ
ʶڣܼС֮˶
ʱ䣬ɿš
ʶײ񽣵İ£Ĳ콣ֱȥʱͣ³һʱ򣬳ʶڵܼСȫ΢ʧ콣ľҪȫ뵽ʶڡ
̧ͷǰĶɽɽϽڣ緽ǰ㣬ûʲô仯
ղЩͻȻĹ⽣ӦǱ񽣵Ĺϵǣ˾轣⡣
а
ŶɽϵЩƣвɵЩϲǲ뵽Ȼõ˰ĴС
һ콣̫ǿˣĹ
λô̽ƣ
ɻ
ʱЦ
ϲСñ
⣬߶죬˫۽гһ죬һ߰㡣
΢񿴵ĺܲ
Ҷѣǰ򡣡
Ӧ˵
ˣ͵һЦһ֣ʱ䣬ƬĹ֣۳ʮſͷǣתۼ佫Χ
ɫ̼еһɴ̹Ǳ֮⣬ܵĿռȫˡ
û˵ʲôԷˣѾԡֱȡһƷɽʩչո콣һʱ䣬Ľâϯʮһɾ籩
ʮſͷǴ㱻ն飬ȴվû鿪ѹܡ
߰ݵ˫һĨտտâúúãһڱͨɵڶصΪʩչȻܸŵ澳ϷΣЩ˷ܣͬĦһ㣺ΪϷһʼǳ򣿡
죬ĵͨɵڶصΪƬصأϷܲ뿴ܷɽϵĶ룬ĺܿ죡˵䣬ʮſͷ­һĹ⣬ƬƬĳѹȥĶ귨Դ˶ȡϷʱĶϷҲܺܿڻͨȻѧıҲһȻʩҪһЩۣΪڱȻֵã
ˣ
ʮſͷ­ĹŨѹС
ɫ䣬һ̣·һ㣬ȴûʲôãңͬһʱ䣬оͷ­ʹжڱ
תһȹԼĻ壬ͬʱĴԿߡ
ûõģͨɶ棬ʾ죬ǣΣ
Ц
Ż䣬ʮſͷɢĹŨܵĿռȫϡ

־ŭһֶο⣬ǣȴûʲôáԣ˼Ϊ̫ˣھȼԴҲʲôá
ˣ
ͻȻһ΢ĺԶɽ´·ŵĿռͻȻһУһҲĺ߶ݡ
ɽһĨ⣺ɽڣĶ
䣡
Ƭռ𶯣ֱѹϺߵĻ
ɽ飬һɿ级ϯһƬƬʯ˷
߱ɫʲ
ۣ
级ϯɣ絾һ֮⡣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˴ѣȷºɣһѪˮڶֻоλʱЩ˵ģΪ߼ʮſͷΧ⣬һ̰˴󲿷ֵĿֲ

ߵĲҽԶʮſͷΪ䱾Դ۶ʱʮſͷȫ飬˼ΪµķɣԶѪ
ڵأվ𣬴ʯȡö븹У̵ĵ޸壬ɿָЩСڼΪɽ׼
̧ͷɽǶɽѾ飬£ħתۼƬռ񷣬Ƭͻ谵ĿռóдЦд۳ΣƬأΪ
ħƵϯ˷
䣡
һĹѹʮأ̼䣬Ϊ֮𶯡
һ˲䣬Ƭϣڣһ漶Աչ˫ۣɫ䡣
Ϣ
ڻζ
ǿҲˣ⡭ѵǡ
Ƭ磬˳ɾ˻ۻʾ
ۻ
һ̣Ƭڣһ澳Ǹо֣ɵöǷ
䣡
Ѫɫռڣħâ죬𶯣š
޾ħâģƬغ¡¡漴һߴħӰԻһѪɫâǲħʾء
⣬һ߿Ѫһ߾ֵŶɽλãֹסɪɪ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ΢ɫʱЩ԰ס
ڵڶ۷ڤħǳ£ˣǴ˿̣ħӰȣоͷڤħֱһ㣡һ̣ߴħӰͻȻһָˣȫԷİħѹˡ
ҲʱԼ֮ǰоĴΣΪʲôˡطȻȴڣ
ѵĶɽԣħӰĮɫϣȻͺߣŴҴңǺӻ𣬱Ϊħ𣡡ͺߣħӰڳһƬħâˣԶ֮Ѫ֮꣬Իء


710 
ħâϯ񷣬ֱ֮ӱˣһ˵Сʹͨʱ򣬺ħ֯ƬռһָˣһСħӰƻʶڵҲˡ
Ҫ
ɪɪʲôˣϲ˾֡
ħɫĮϣѪâ֯ͺߵħâٶȸ졣
˲Ϣ䣬ħâѹ£˸Ƕ¡

߿־壬Ǿ
Ķˣطһ羳ħô⣿
ˣ
ʱƵĶɽѾĽƷ⣬һƬʡ
â˸ת۳һӣһȦ΢Ϊĵ˲Ϣ佫ͺߵħâȫѹ£ʧӰ١
ʱоԼˣж磬Щ𺳵ǰӣ漴һ
⡭ѵǣ
ӳ֣һ̣ڵ콣·˰㣬ڻ
ʱûĶǰ
һ޳Ӣΰ˫۱ǿջҪ䣬֯һֿĲɣʮħ֮أһƻǵСڶɽħ𣺡½Ĺвûѧ١
һ𣬹Ȼ
ţӳֵɲǣڵ콣ͷ·˰㣬Լµ˶Էݣ񣬹ȻûдӢΰӣǰ
ħߣûѧ٣ˣѧúܺãѾƿأһħڳһɿ񱩵ĽХڲԵĽâƵƬռ֯Ѫɷ֮޾ɱ·Ҫն㣬
ŰħЦò˵µĽǾԺɨ£ѹøл㣬⽣Ϊľɱ¡쳹һ̣Ϊ֮Ϊȿ񱩻Ľ
ǺεȵĽֲ̫ˣ·ԻٵһƬ簡
ħ𣬾ȻҲƿ콣



տķ飬ʱ⽻֯ȫһĳʱƬռڽڽڱһ̾Ҫ̮
ϲޱһȦ΢ŵ׵նʱָͬʲôҲżȻʮħۣͳֻٵħһƻǣվҲһе޹ɱ֮½½Ҫ֮նѪħֱġħ𣬰ƽʧˣĽâУֻɱûʡ
ħɫһиһɺ⣺ѵңҰʲô̬
Զߺݺһ̬⡭ӹܱΪģֻд˵еǾˣӣǾŴ֮һ
⡭
𺧡
Ѿµӵݣȣȴ֪˰Ϊλ콣ԭˣɵһɳ羴֮ģԶ𣬲ѹ죬ؾҲ˲󣡱ֱӻٵʮħȴΪһħ飬Ըɱ½лػ塣
䣡
ӿ񱩵Ľħâ죬ѪâĴΪ֮޾սս
ħɫĮϣһµƣʮ۳Σ֮ħɷһ޳ɵۻΪħûܽѵ𣡡
ڰħâ죬羳ĵۻӿƬضʧȥɡ
ƽħУ겻ٵվٷΡģֻɱȥƬرؽͿ̿
ɱңħ΢΢һ㶣漴ЦƺǷؼЦ°㣺𣬱Ϊ֪ʵ´ҴҶţѾȥãվһƽ⻯ΰˣƾһƽ⣬Ҳɱң
ͷһŰֻһƽ⣿
˶٣ֺȻˣŴڵ̫Զ޷ʱ䳤дôá
䣡
˵ħٴγ𣬺ƺƵѹ
ħɫϣ޾ħâ۳һڴ󽣣ԵĽѹء
Ű𣬲ħͬۻʰ㣺µĽƾΪ˸л㣬Ľƽһ̡וּһڰѹ£֮ﾡ٣Դ˺󣬱𽫾أ֮
䣡
ڰѹ£ͷ
һĻ羳ۻʳ֣ʩչ콣ǿֲ㡣ǵǰ޵ţվֻһƽ⣬ܹסȫʢĻ羳ۻ
ɡ
ħ
ڰѹ£ת䵽ͷ
Ȼһ̣ħݣĺڰħɻһ̣ȴͣ˰ͷҲѹȥˡ
㡭
ħ΢һ̾һĻŵĸо
䣬ɫƽΪ𣬵鰲ꡣŲħ𣬰ƽ̧֣ħɱ̫ˣѾ޷ͷ¡
ˣ
΢ǰһָ
ûʲôֲĲǰռȴȫˣһָâֱӽħ֡

ħУ飬ͬ΢Ļ㣬ʧӰ١
һ˲䣬ƬѪɫռڣѹֵħⲻ٣ƺ
ľ𺳵ǰİеĳ羴Ũҡ
ʲô޵УʵдգֻһƽأһָĨɱһ羳ħ
֮
𺳡
ԶҲ𺳣ħɱڲˡ
ɽ𾲾ԭأĿɨԶʮĿϣ˫۱ǺӻҪ嫣ʣڳˡ
΢΢һֻһ۾ͿΪֻ壡
ݼ𣡡
дǿ޹أֻԷػֵд
̧֣һվֱ塣
죬λ޵еֻǾԭأӲɣ䡣
һֻоԼ˷·͸˰㣬ûκܿɲء
Ҳʱ忪ʼ鵭͸
ǰ
ԼµЩʲôİֻһƽ⣬Ӧ޾ǰ£뿴طħǷнֱ߱ģϵ¶һֱڡڣˣһƽ޷ټȥˣҪɢ
𵭵ҡͷɫƽ죬ý£ããأø͸ͬɢΡ
쾲ԭأŰʧĵطٴιд
λǰֵͣ龴أ
ͻȻһЦ𣬺ٴʮſͷǣѹ£룬ǾԶϱɣϷ򣡡


711 Ѫɷħ
ʮſͷ˸Ĺ⣬ɭһƽ֯һ˿˿صаͬ˻㣬ͷƤɵЩ顣
٣
Ц˷ܶԶµıأϣܲ
˫Źַӡʱ䣬ʮſͷǱøӵɭ
ħⴴԴʵѾ۷ʱɣʱ㻹ҳ
ߣϷô˵Ҳ澳ɵʵ㹻Ըˣ
ˣ
Ż䣬ʮſͷǴ𣬸Ĺѹ£
ԴˣֻЦ
Ѱ·
ĵ
һֻͼ𣬺ƺƵУֱӻˮ̨һʱ䣬ֲɱƵ̼Ƭռ𶯣顣
߶ʱɫ䣬ɱƵов㣿
ߣˮ̨ӡһɱС׼˿̣һɱͬʱ̹ǵɱֱӷܡ



촫߼ʮſűԴͷǶʱһѺۡ
ʹúɫ䣬һӡЩͷ
ӱ䣺ջȥ
һʱɱڣ޾ɱƺƵĳʮſͷѹ£һ𶯺ֱӽʮſͷǸѹķѡ

߲ҽУЩͷǶԴ۶ɣһ𣬼Ҳ⵽޴ķɡţڲħħ£ѾشʮſͷǣԴ𣬶˿̣ʮͷǣԴٴѡ
Ϸɱ㣡
һʩչӴ˷ѹ¡
ԴˣֻĮ֮
䣡
ܼɱ𶯣ն¡
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ߴ˲䱻飬ͬһʱ䣬ɱؿڣ֮ĺɣֱӱˣԶɫѿ
ãܻȥ𣿡

شԴѣʵɣϢ˥㣬ȴȻΪ׼õıڷţʵѾָ۷״̬˿̾Ǵ۷ˮ׼޾Ѿ˥˵ĺߡ
΢ɱٴδ𣬸ɱ⳯źѹ¡
һɱ֣״ѿ⣬ڣȻӶݳȥУɱһֱӽܵĿռˣ˼ζͻƲȥÿζǱܼĿֲɱɨ˻ͻƲˡ
ۣ
һΣ߱ն飬ɢϢٴνͣȫѾ˥͹ȡ

־ŭ澳ǿߣ˿̾Ȼһͨʿסˡ
鵭Įܼɱٴѹ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һδα壬ɫޱѩףձøӲϣ·ʱ˥ʮ㣬жûʮ
ƺˡ

źߣ鵭Įᡣ
ʹúߵɫѿ㣬־ŭֶֿ֣ο⡣
䣡
ͷӰ֣˻ɱ졣
ͷĿɭɭԵúܿɲռ䶼˲ʮȡ
ȻȴûãԺ״չĴ۷ʱİٷ֮һ㣬תۼѣǱɱʵ֧顣
߾ŭ㡭
·
Į
ֻͼ壬һɱâʢеɱȫһ𣬻һɱ⺣󣬾ֱûУ۵һѪ׷ƮС
ͨɾ磬ûеɱϷ򣡡
һ
ûһѪ꣬Ŀ
˵ģ
Į
˵һֻͼգƺƵѹ¡
͵һʱ䣬ߵѪ걻һ֣ѪֱӲѺۡ
ʱ䣬¶֮ɫ㡭ⲻܣʲô
쵭Įֻͼֱѹ
ʥȶȻһ׾ٵ¡
߷һУѪֱӱ飬ɢ
ӵĮֻͼɱҲɢȥ
֮ǰ׼

׼ɱ˼öһУпط

ƬռһĻɳ
һ΢΢Ϣתƽ

ڴģһ˿ƮڿС
ԶɽλãصͻȻһѪâ֣΢΢ЩŤ
΢ݣɽλá
ɽѾױ飬¶һںڶʱ򣬸о˸Ӿ˵ȡصλãһѪɫĻ·ȼգԾȶȺˡ
ǡѪɷħ棿
ͷһ
ʮħڴˣʮǿֲħӰҲȻ档
а
Ѫɷħ棬ҩйأȻǳֲһǿ߶
¶ϲɫСĳ¿׼֮һҩ䣬ԿҩʦεһξʱȴͣǵȻֲ̫ˣȻתҩ䣬Ҳ޷ԶΪˡ
޷֮ϧˡ
ҡͷ
˶٣Ѫɷħ棬һඦ˳ѪɷħȥඦΪһҩǵھŴ֮һҩһչ֮ȡãȻ߱ʲôɱȴȵļ̣ڶܽħߡ
ඦûʲô󣬷ǳۣûѪɷħȴǰҲûУȵĽħȫ˽ȥ
ã
콫ඦջأ漴ڱպϣСĽ֮뵽ʯС
Ѫɷħǲ׼Ϊ㹻ˣٽ֮ҩʦңħһǿߣؼʱ̣ҲΪһڴɱ
ɨܣû̱뿪ȡһ콣
ʮħڴˣȻ֮γôһοռ䣬񣬰նħ𣬾ƬռڵĴΣձǱĨҪٵʲô
ﬣ
Х̶콣âһһĽС
ʱ䣬콣ĳ̶̫ͣʱƬռֻʣһˣڴ˵콣Ȼǳʡ
ﬣ
ϣеĳ𣬿ּԦ콣һâ࣬еͬٳϡ
ˣתۣʱǹȥ
һ죬ƬռͻȻһҺлع
ʮħƺҲһָٵƬռڽпή
΢һ
ûгԥŽƬռʱλÿȥ
ʱ콣ƿѾһɫǳгɾͣҲ뿪ʱˡ


712 С
쳯ŽѪɫռʱλÿȥȽ϶ԣʱʮħٵƬռѪɷϢ֮ǰǰɭ
ʱ·У;֮ͬʱ㣬˲ٹаʲô׼Ǳȫնͬһʱ䣬УƬռĴڳݣ˲ѺۣңЩѺ۱ԽԽڳ졣
΢ƬռԻ١
ŲɵԿһЩܿѪɫռԵΪƬռԻ٣ռϱҲ࣬ʩչ֮ת۱ǿ˳ȥ
˲Ϣ˿λãɽڣܵľǳïʢѪɫռʱǸط
ʮգƬռʧ

ҡҡͷҲû̫࣬Ƭռ䣬ʧãϾһа֮ء
ֶˣͷô͵
̾
Ͱɶ壬Ըߵôһ㣬нԻ¹˵ഫżѼȻǵн綼˵ĵΣ֪ضǰڵ͵£ֻǴŰĬĬУʲôսͬԲŻˡ
ָȥң˶٣ɽȥˣһУһ߿ɡ
ǶãһҲǵİΣΪǶ壬㹻ǿǰǺͰսԷʷǳˡ֮ѰǣҲֻΪԼ˵򣬶ҲӦôڵѰһСϾֱѾأ
ּС·ܿ߳ɽķΧɽһۣ漴뿪
ú뿪ɽԶһʼպƽ
Ųʿľһ
ֿʼץ洲ˣǡ
ļ˴䣬˵˴ѣѾȫϴƽѪ˥˱ɱֻһЩ׳Сץȥøճ׳Ѫɳ
ģ⹷յһ壡
꣡С㣡㲻ˣҪǱʿǿɾˣ
ӱ˲̵һ壬ȻƬǰé
ʲô취ǿûκεˡ
ЩʿҡͷԶȥ
ѾҪߵڣԺ󣬽Ųʱһ٣֮ǰͣפյС壬ط̫ңԶһɲ
Ųһ٣ûԥֱӵͷڿնٶȳСȥ
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱʱ䣬СǧԶѾԿӵӰԶԶȥСվʮӰʿѪܻڳСָ㡣
ͷ΢ٶȸ죬ǻһ磬Ϊ֮¡¡
СԵʿע⵽Ȳȵƫͷ漴ɫ
Ⲩǿ˭
ǣ
ãϤ
ǲǰеˣ˰Ӱˣ
ȷʵǸˣ
ȺʿУϳ죬ʱǱɫ
Щ˶ݵת˲䣬Ѿ˹ֱӴӿСڡ
ʱ䣬˶һȥСʮݽ⵽ƻЩѾһջ٣СоκһϢԭƽռڴļȫʮʬڵϣѪ߰ߡ
Щʬ嶼Ǵ͵ĳߣһ۾ͿĴ峤ˡ
һȥߣ˻ѪűٿԿɿϢѾʧֻһ˫ͫšʱ۾ˣǰһЦÿ͵ˣ񾹱һʬ״ҡ
ʱ䣬ɱֹסĴɢɨطڵϵʬ廹в٣״һңһʱ䣬ɢɱøӿֲ
һ̣ͷһֿվһһӰͬʱſƴѰС塣գֻ˶ʮʬ壬񶼲ˣ֮ǰƨɺʦȺȭĺûѰԵСҲˡ
СԵһȺʿĳ֣ƺޱȽǺ档
⡭
ˣйϵǴ߳ȥİɣ
ôܣһƽĴ䣬߳ǵȺˡ
ҡͷ
漴Щ˼ŴӵĲ״ǲɵҡͷ
Ѫݰܵ˶ɱ
⻹ãץߵЩ˲ſᱻΪ׳ĳ洲׳һɵѪ⣬Ѫǲʹࡣ
ǰ
ֻΪ׳潫ܸǿԻ˾Ѫι̫ˡ
ҲǵһˣЩ꣬ɵ£𣿡
ЩʿԼСۡ
콫СѰһ飬ȻɣѪ˥˱ɱȺȭĺӣСˡ˿̣ЩʿȻСȴĺһͿ˹ȥֽ̧һ˸ץ˹
ˣץȥˣ
ͫ΢죬˿ļ١
ץʿΪһ꣬ʶ죬ʱģŵһңҲֻֻ֪֪ϱߣг桭һ֧塣˿̵ģ̫ˣ鲼ɱ⣬־壬ֱιȥ
ǰʿҲļ£оɢɱ⣬̲סˡ
콫˶һС壬ʮ˵ʬ壬ֱӻϱߵĳ֧䡣ȺȭĺӣСƺץˣҪ׳ĳ洲ǵ
ͬһʱ䣬ɱҲڹƵƶֱӱһƬա
СԵһȺʿ뷢ɱ⾪ɫѩס
ãÿ¡
˶¡
ˣйϵ
⡭Ҫȥķ֧䣿
Ӧá
ЩĲ

뿪С壬۵糸صǚiʩչޣɫ绮Ƴգպ¡¡
úǰһ޴ʯկһ¥Уʯÿ¥϶һƣΪա
Ȼǳһ֧䡣
һɱ⣬ֱӳгȥ
֧⣬мǿĳʿ쿿ɫٳ
㿿壿
Ϊ󲻾
ץΪһ洲
ЩʿЦ
һƬ򣬵ȴҲƬ˶֪ǰ⼸ʿȻͲ֪Ĵţ⣬ɭɭȻĳǰȥ
ϴŨҵɱ⣬гһɽֱ̧֣һն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ļʿֱӱն飬ҽжֱӲ
콹Ӻܿ죬ֱն֧ĴţС
ʲôˣҴҳ岿壡

ɱ
֧䲻󣬵ҲСеһɲǣиֲһȺɱ죬ͨǿߡ


713 ɱ
Ⱥǿ߳ɭȻӶͳѹ졣
䣡
һʱ䣬ɱ⽻֯Ƭռȫ֡
ļ٣пЩʿֱӵһƬɱĽ⣬һƬƬĿѪҺſѰǵϢ
Ƭ̺һ̧ͷկһ¥ֱ̧ȿ
ǵ¥ڣ˴ǵϤϢ
죬ȻҴ
봳õ
ѹ

ɱ
ĳʿ
Уͨĳǿӱ䣬Զ֣ɱĹ⡣
Ķ
ͨصĳǿ˸ǣһʿȻֽɱ֧壬ŭ
ֻǿ粽һٽ
ۣ
ֵͨǿֱӱնͷ­
һʱ䣬طһڳʿԱɫһͨǿߣȻô򵥾ͱնɱˣ
ʲôˣ
˺ȵдһ˿η壬ȻǲŹĴš
ɱ⣬ֻǵ¥ȥ磬ͬʱдƬڵĳʿһǱɱʣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һʱ䣬Ѫˮ꣬ͣ䡣
󵨣
ͨĳǿ߿
粽կǷ¥ֵ̧һɱ
۵һͨǿ߱ᴩüģڵϡ
⡭ôܣ
ǿĲǰ⵽ʲôˣȻһնһͨǿڣ
죬ȥ֪֧ͨ峤
˴С
ɱ⣬ŴǣٶȺܿ죬նƬ⣬ĳǿȫնɱ
㣬˭
гʿŭ
ǳ֧ɲСǿ߲٣ǰ˴ȴ֮һ㡣
ûһ仰Ӻܿ죬ɱһĳնȥ
ʱ䣬Ѫˮͣ䣬һʿűߣȫһʮɱ
ܿ죬ڿ絽¥ǰһʯն顣
˲䣬һŨҵѪζ
¥ڲһСʯңȥÿСʯڶһ壬Ѫ߲ȥ󲿷ʬ嶼ˣһֻֻªĴЩʬ䶯Ѫ֮ش󣬿ʳѪ࣬Ŀģ޵㡣
˻˻˻
һֻֻ䶯һ߿ʳѪ⣬һ߷˻˻
һνΪ洲
һĻϵɱӿɽ㱩ǣһʯڣʯ϶ѪɫӡץۣȻʯڵʬ壬ǰͶʯڣȻ⵽׳ʳʹȥ
΢קɽ
ǺεȵĲ̣
磡
࣬ʲô
һǿ߳
ɱ⣬ɽһĽˮһ㽦俪ĳʿʱҽУ󲿷ֶܼĽķѣѪ
춢ʯڣɫֱ䣬뵽Сˡ
һ¥ڣٶȼ졣
׳汻ϢƺǱ˽ʳ̧ͷ˻Ŀ
ﬣ
첽Ӻܿ죬һ˿ܼɱɢ׼ȷĳÿһʯң۵Ľеһֻֻ飬һƬƬѪҺ
࣬ˣ
¥⣬һȺʿڵ׳汻նɱʱŭЩ׳ɳѪ⾫ɳеѪúܻΣ·˳ȴ㱻նɱ

һȺʿУŷɱ⡣
һ̣Ƭݿ࣬תۼ佫еĳʿȫ飬ĵ¥׼ʿɫ¶ļµı顣
֪֧ͨ峤ǰô죡ȥӻᱻȫɱģ
ǿߴ
ʱЩǿ߾ŭȴҳȥˣɱסˡ
촳¥ȥʮٴβ˴ǵϢһ˹ȥһʯǰһ׳꣬Ѿʳɾֻʣһͷ­ǵãǴһˣһԵı·ǳɫ
˻
ʯڣһ𣬱˫ᣬĿª졣
̧һֱӽն
粽ܿ죬һʯȺѰ񣬶Ѿȥ֮ǰܵĴк׳ʳֻʣ°Դ峤ΪܵСʯͷѿ˵Ⱥӣһ⣬Ѿȥʬá
˫ͨ죬ɱңɽ𶯣һâɾնɱһֻֻ档
巢ĴôƣʱڴУǶͷ΢Цȴˡ
ȺȭĺӣǼʱ䣬һһһʦ壬Ƥ뵽Сһȭĳǵȭǰ̵ģڴͣʮսЩСһȭȻȺӺĺϲЩԭĺӣȴط
ʱ¥Щ΢ĲҽУޱϤʱһ
粽˲һʯǰһСŮϹһͷǱ裬ѾѪģвͣӿѪֻСڿʳѪ⣬С
С
۾ͨ죬ָ⽻֯âֻȫɱ
СŮӻȴѾѪģطͷ¶˳
СŮɢϢڷɿţƺǿģѪ϶󡭡硭ۡ
һʹᣬڴʱСһɿɰȴ⵽ȿ̡
С£ûµģģ
Լᡣ
漴ֱӽֻͼͼƵʥϢСŮ֡
˿˿Ƶֻͼ֮СŮڣСŮϢڱ

ͺֱӼһֻرԴСŮӿȥʱʹСŮϢŵٶȱǣȴҲֻŵٶȱ˶ѣСŮϢڻţʧ
ģס
ֻرԴСŮӿȥȻȴǲûʲôá
ʱСŮ֮ѾϨ޷ٵȼֻرԴҲ
ۡ󡭡󡭡硭ۡۡ
СŮ
оؿİʹӿֻͼâʢ̫ľתּһֻرԴƴȫСŮȻãСŮӿѪѾȻøʣʮϢʧ
һĶСŮʬ壬нֳ׿ĺϢ
С꣬Сǰ޷Ȼ

ŭ𣬿Ϣֱӽ¥ķѣɳ
ʿ󺧣¥̮ŭȻŲƵڵʱоǵ׿ɱ⣬һֹסĶ¡
֣ŽСŮʬʯڱѪˮתȾ
Ҫһ峹״Ƭʧնһ壬ϲ򣡡
˫ͨ죬ɱ졣


714 Ѫɱ
鲼ɱ⣬Ϊ֮һ̣Ƭռ¶ȶڷٽ͡
ֻСŮʬ壬һǰȥѪˮȾһƬ̺졣СӣСƽռɿɰȴҵǰ޾ʹȥСӵˣһҲûܱס
Ŵǰڴյĳ˫Ŀͨ죬Ϣ

ңһӵӣȫˣ㡭
ɱ
һȺǿ߷ˣ˳ȥ
ɱ
Ⱥʿеȫն죬ֳһһѹ¡
һʱ䣬ⷽպ֨졣
ƺƵɱ⣬̼串ͷ
Ⱦ죬ֻСŮʬ壬̧ɽֱն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ܼĽâն˷ɱ⣬תѪɨһƬ
նһӲͣеĽٴն¡
ϵĽ̶ǳƬռƵüķŹ⣬𣬵ĵطâֱӻһƬƬĿѪâͬһʱ䣬ҡҷ֯źڰɫ𶯣Ҳͬһ㳯ܳȥ

壬ʱ䣬ҽһƬһʿͷ­
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ϊҽеĳʿתۼ䱻ȫնѪ
סס
˴
֧ĳʿҲ٣ʱ䣬ĳʿΧ
ɱ
Щп־壬ȴܲϣɱΪԼ׳
˫дһֽ̧һͨɵڶصĳʿΪΣѪˮĽɽɭɭȻ۵һ⼸ǿնضǡбɽһǿնƬ
û˿Եס
Ѿȫֻʣɱ⣬ͬһħ㣬ֻΪɱڡ
ۣ
һɽ𣬽һͨصĳʿնķѡ
ѪˮϽ䣬ӽǱгʿɣ粽ǱгʿѪ
㡭㡭㾹Ȼˣ
һͨصĳǿ߲
죬ʱǿͨصǿҲηˡȥȾѪһСŮʬ壬ͬԵп㣬ֻһпո֧ڵ˵ûһ˿ԵסǿͨˣҲһ֮±㶪
ֻɱ⣬ɽһͨصĳʿǰ
㡭
ۣ
Ѫ˽俪ȥӶɽʿնķѡ
飬壬ɽƬɱն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըȾر
ҽ;صһڳʿںˣȫʱŵˡ
࣡
ɭȻŭһɰѹн֯ŵ򲨶
֧峤ˣ
̫ˣ
ˣ
һڳʿϲ
ķ֧峤Ϊ벽ǿߣ֮ǰڱչأڹؼʱ̣˿̳ظ̮ӵⲿһȥˣűѪˮȾһƬƬرʱ䱩ŭ벽ֱӳѹ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬¡¡
ǰ벽ǿ֮޵еģ
гʿ˷ܡ
̧֣ɽ𶯣ƬâɳڵĳʿɱѪ

벽ǿ߸ŭѾ֣ɢѹ죬ʱ쾹ȻҶ˶֣

벽ǿߺ˫Ŀ̣ɱһѹ졣
̧ͷ׿񣬶ǰڷ趯ͬͬħͬʡ
ˣ
â˸ֻͼֱӳʥϢƵ̼һɱ⡣
ֻͼһֱ벽ǿѹ·
ǡ
飡
벽ǿߵѪ˲Ϣ鲼ѺۣʮԶ
粽ͬһɫƽתɵ벽ǿǰ
㡭
ۣ
Ѫһֱӽ벽ǿնѪ
ˣ
⡭ܣôᣡ
þǻþ
һڳʿǵķ֧峤벽ǿߣô򵥾ͱɱˣ
ƫͷŲгľն¡

ҽʮǿ
Ǹ벽ǿ߲һսûôɱԷһɱֱֻͼѹ£ͬʱһҲ̺ȫȥͬնһɱһ벽ǿߡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪⲻըеĽһδնʿһЩʿѪϣȥԵЩ
ӣӣ
ҽ;ϻصٳʿ˵ֵӶݡ
Ȼûã콫ǚi޵˵أٶȱһĴǿ߶ǿһЩЩͨĳʿܹǰѣӲ

ҽд̶
˫΢죬СŮʬ壬ɱ纣嫵֧ȫ֣гն£ոһʿ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʱ򣬳֧ڣֻѪˮڽ䣬ֻвҽк;ڻص
ͬһ㣬նһ¥ɱһʿֱȥһӺ󣬳֧峹ױѪˮȾ죬ʿʬڵڵ棬ٵĳǿߣһ벽ǿߣûһȫն
ѪζƮڿУѪˮͷۻŵСŮؿڸо˰㣬Ȼն˳֧ʿҲоһܡ
ɽСŮʬ壬ߵ֮ǰ¥λãСǵĲʬȺȭĺӵĲʬһһѰСŮʬһߡ
գһԶȥú»صС塣
ɫѾԭ͵С壬һƬţֻѪζƮڿУʮ˵ʬ嵹ڵϣʽ
Ŷʮ˵ʬ뿪С壬ӸһͨڣԽɨƽһƬ򣬾ٸĹӣ󽫶ʮ˵ʬӳǷ֧صĴǺͺǵʬһᣬһľʵĹ
СŮʬһھõСĹСӨȾŵѪСŮؿھţСŮʬ壬СŮǰĹɿɰǼСץĿߣоӷᣬؿѹֵܡ
֣͵ƶ㣬СŮʬ建һĹ

Ѿ׺ڰּ䣬һһƬƬҶԵú䡣
쾲վСŮĹǰʱȻʱ壬һվһҹ
峿ʱ֣ΪƬһ
ǰһƬСĹĿСŮĹϣܾ˫ЩʹĺӣаʱΣȴĹУ뿪
СŮĹ˵һ֣κת뿪Ψ˫ɱޡ


715 ʮ
뿪ĹȺûٻС壬úһƬɽԶ
ɽ䣬ϴһɺ⣬߹ĵطǶðǱϵĺ
ʱҴҼţ屻Ǹ֧ܿ챻˷֣һصѪˮصĲʬסˡ
⡭
һ֧壬ٳʿһ벽ǿߣȻȫɱˣ
ʲôģôô£
ǵʲô𣿣
˻٣ǣһ˭£˭ͣһ֧壿ô˵ҲŰ벽ǿ򰡣
һЩʿ𺳡
ȻǴŭһ֧㱻ɱڳԣǴ裡£мǿߴһҪµҪɱ־壡

ʱĺܿ죬תۣչȥ
һ죬һɫһʯկǰΪһ֧䡣
ƳĴ壬֧ʮЩ֧λãȻҲʲôܣ׼ܴ̽
ߵһɽڵϣһĽۡ
֧⣬һĻʱü漴¶ɭȻ顣
壿£
Ϊ׵һ
ʱ䣬ܵĳȫǰѹȥ
ǰɽ̧ĳǰնһâ䡣
וּһâɨӭǰĳʿȫնķѡ
㡭
Ϊ׵ĳʿɫٺˡ
̧֣âնʿᴩ
ֻɱ⣬Ϣޱȱֱ뵽ķ֧ڡ
ʲôˣ
࣬Ҵ壿
죡
ĳʿȻǴŭ֣һԵɱ졣
һʱ䣬챻ĳʿΧģɱһն
ԲɽɨһУƬʿ顣
ﬣ
â̶ˮ䣬ն˻ġ
۵һһͨǿ߱ն飬ǰɴ˫ۣǿ־塣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
âնƬռһʿҽУֵˡ
㵽ʲôˣˣ
ͨǿɫĵ
гбͨǿߵͷ­նһƬѪ
һ˲䣬ܣһʿǲɵ÷
㡭㡭
ͨǿ߶նɱ˿̣죬Щʿˡ
ſɽľɨ
ﬣ
ֻǵһʱ䣬ܼĽâնƬʿ
ûܵס֮ΨѪˮͲʬڵϡ
ͻȻ֧һǿϢ𣬳ķ֧峤֣Ϊһ벽ǿߣһĻŭɶ󣬵ʱǱɫ㣡壬Ӱ͹׷ɱˣ֧峤ϳ졣
ʲôǸࣿ
ԣһڳʿԱɫɱͰӰɱһǿߣɱ벽ǿߣǰ࣬ȻеǸˣ
ʱЩʿɫ˼֣Уǰ˷°
ôĵӣѾ尵Ӱ͹壬񣬾Ȼ£壬
İ벽ǿߺȵ
ûʲô飬ֻк⣬ֻɱ⣬ֱӽֻͼѹǰ
һֻͼƵ̸ķųİ벽ǿѹȥ
벽ǿȫֿǣֻͼ֮£վЩ켤սӺ󣬱ֻͼ顣
ˣ
һʿ֣벽ǿߣȴͱɱˡ
һʱ䣬죬Щʿɪɪ±ӣʲôֵǿİ벽ǿ߶նˣˣʲôȥ⣿
ֻǣǾڳӣܹƤѣ
ﬣ
̶쳹ʮ
ƬռУɽһһն£һƬһƬĽâһʿն飬ûκһʿѡ

ʱһҽ岿䱻Ѫϴɾȫ
ûͣűѪˮȾĵ棬߳
úɽ֧壬ޱĿУ̳֣еĳʿȫնֻصѪˮĸ֧壬ûʲô˵ģֱɱ棬䣬ﳹ׵ƽ
ܿ죬⼸ĳ岿屻֣ʵǵѪζ̫Զ̫Զ
⡭
ѾѾĸ֧屻ɱɾ⡭˭ڳ֣
ǵĸˣ־ȻôײУ
𶯡
ŵ£ʿĿɿڴ𺳡
ƬƼǿȺɵȴĸ֧屻ɱʹʿͷ
ȻǴŭѣĸ֧屻Ѫϴ
Ķ˭Ȼˣ
ø֧߾裡
飡Ҳҳ֣Ƥƣ壡
ǿ´
Ҳʱɽ֧䣬ɱС
طȺʿֱӳ˳
࣬㣡
ĸ֧壬ɱģ
ɱ
֧ĳǿߺ
һⲿǿİ벽ǿ߳ͬ⼸ͨˣһɱ󣬽ΧУɲɱʱ֯˻ġ
ĸ֧壬Ϊҵ֧ʲô׼ûУΪ׵İ벽ǿɱ󣬽ҵ֮ɱκˣ
䣡
ɱӿͬκˣϯʮޱȿֲ
ɱУûκһ˿ңɴž˵ɱ⣬һƺϢĸ֧䣬ɲúܣСǰ۵Ļ棬ÿλʱдʹ
Ķ
ɫ׺ݡ
һˮ̨ϸ֣һɱ˲Ϣ鲼գ̺ء
һ岿Сˣ漴ɽֿ̻˼ɱ̨ʱ֮裬ʱֱӻ˳

һ죬ǿ߼ɱֱӱǱ飬סɱơ
㡭ⲻܣ
һǿɫ䣬Ϥ׼ɱ󣬴£ɷնɱκˣʱȴôĲת۱ˡ
ŭ⣬ɱ׿񣺡
䣡
ɱƷڣɱƵķ
ɱļǿߵһʱѣֱɱ·飬Ȼǰ벽ǿҲ⣬סɱ̼ͻѪ
һĻʿ󺧣뾪֣ģôǿߺǿ߹ͬɱ󣬿ȴתۼ䱻ȫɱʣµһڳʿһЩСվվˡ
ƫͷʣµĳʿʱ䣬ɱͬ飬ն

ҽд̶һص
ûȥãطҽʧʧгʿȫնɱɾת뿪߳
ûйͣ٣ú֧䣬ⲿµгʿնɾ߸֧䣬ڰ˸֧䣬նھŸ֧䣬һʱ䣬𶯣ʿԾ
󣬵ʮ֧ʱżȻӸһȺʿһȾѪĴӳķ֧֧߳һصĳʿĲʬʱŵһ뷢ɫˢһ±һƬѩס


716 һı
һĻʿŵˣաУϳǲǰɱͰӰˣڱ壬Ӱ͹干ͬ׷ɱˣʱһ󷢲
⣬ķ֧ȫˣǱ
˶¡
漴ܿ죬Ⱥ˱뵽
֧屻ɱǡģ
һ˻̿֡
ԶԶ죬Ⱥʿɵ÷Ųˣֻо˫ȷ
ûȺˣ䣬뿪ųһ֧ȥ

Ⱥʿ뿪ıӰһĲֱӰʧʾͷЩ˲ǸоЩ˫ȴЩŲ

뿪ʮ֧壬ɽûñٽʮһ塣
еɽڵϣȾѪڵϴһȾѪۡ
ʲôˣ
֧أ֮ȡ
ܿ죬⼸ʿʱ뵽Լһķ֧£ʱɫ
ˣ
ЩʿɿܻУͬʱУ֪ͨĸ֡
ʱ䣬֧ڵĳǿȫ˳һ벽ǿߺͨǿߣǱɭȻͬʱҲһЩɵǰȥһ⼸ǿ߶ʱ䶼ɫϳеǸˡ
㣿
İ벽ǿ߶ݡ
ôĵӣ壬Ӱ͹岻壡
㾹ˣ
ͨʿŭ
ȾѪɽһ֧壬ûκһĻֱӳ֣ɽһ𣬽âʱϯƬء
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۣƬʿѣһâᴩڷ


ɱ
İ벽ǿŭһּһѤõı죬ȻһƷ֯ĻƺƵĳѹ˹ȥ
һƾˣƶһƬƬռ䡣
쳯ǰ粽ֱӽ¯Ʒ֮ѹʮǽ弸ǿ߼ıķѣͬʱĳ⼸ǿ¡

ǿߴУȫ⡣
ȻƷô׵ֵֻһ͵˿ռ䣬ֱӽ⼸ǿȫû·ķ飬ֻʣѪˮȾһƬر
ʱʿ֣ļǿߣֻһ˲ͱȫն
ûа飬ֻӶɽնķһƬƬѪ⡣ͬһʱ䣬Ѿ¯ŹâƷ֮𶯿ռ䣬ѹأһʿ»Ѫҽжûдֱʧؼ䡣
ܿ죬ӹȥﰲѪˮأʬأ޵
ȾѪɽת߳
֮ûȥãʮһ֧Ǳ֣ٽ֮ǰʮ֧壬ʱһ񳱡̶̰²ʱ䣬ǿĳ徹ʮһ֧屻ɱ
ңͬһʱ䣬ʮһ֧ˣеǸɱͰӰˣʿһ
Ǹˣ
Ѿ壬Ӱ͹壬ڱǿ׷ɱΪʲôȴԳ֣Ƿ˲ɣ
㲻ס
ʮһ֧壬ʲôްû˵˺ͳ廹ʲôĳԹ
ǰ֡
־ɡ
漴Ҳʱ˴岻ǰɨһƽС壬ɱ˴Ѫ˥ˣ׳Сȥ˳洲ʱһĳСУһɱ򸽽һ֧䡣
ʱ䣬ֱˣ˲Ϣµࡣ
ǸˣǸСйϵѵǴС߳ˣ
ǲǴС߳޷ȷǣһǿԿ϶ģǾǣǸһСŷǳеĹϵ嵴ƽС壬ɱѪ˥ˣȥ洲ض˶ŭˡ
Ӧ
⡭
ˣ
ʿۡ
Ѿˣʮһ֧屻ɱǧƬɻ¡
ɲǡ
裿ãʿ⹷յȺԻ˾Ѫιʳճ׳棬ȫɱ͸ǣӦһ峹ײƽ
꣡С
ǣ𱻳ʿȥǿǲ𡣡
Աߵʿѡ

壬塭
壡
һŭ
ڣһУһṵ̶̆ʱ䲻徹Ȼʮһ֧壡
ⷽﻹһȺǿߣ˿̸ɫѿɱ⡣
뾡콫֮Ѱնɱôȥ򣬸ķ֧ѣҲǳΣա
ǸˣɹؼѰƮƬôҪҵץסף壬Ӱ壬壬׷ɱôãȴǶЧ˵еѶȣ
ضǰ֧壬ҵ˻Ӷҵǲǿߣȥ֧򣬵ǰȻ֮ն
֧н٣ûôǿ߾ֵ֧壬ֻٰķ֧ǲǿȥأͬߣã
ǣֻø֧˾ۼһˣٵơ
УΪһˣ˴ģǨƣ֧ۼһӦԣο壿嶪棡
ô죿
Ⱥǿ߶ɫ࣬ϵɱøŨ
һƣҵǰ
һ̷ⷽȻǳһ
һʱ䣬ⷽڣгǿ߶ݣ˹ȥ
ʲôıҵǰ
һڳǿ߾ɲ
ɭɭһЦģҺսһΣҲȽ˽ˡǿƣԣԺгֵġ

ʮһ֧壬ĳһ֧ң𺳣һ޴Ƭ䶼̸¡
ʱȻɽʮ֧壬֣ʱڽ֧ɾ
⡭
ÿ£
ʮ֧壬Ҫз֧ꣿ
ʿ𺧡
Ȼ𺧵ͬʱʿҲ쳣Ϊȷʵ̣ܲЩк̫޹ʿ֮ܲ
Ҳһ죬һϢͻȻҪǰѽɽĳ֧ȡĳңҪͣһʱ䡣
⡭ʮ֧壬ȻһͻȻҪǰѽɽķ֧ȡôЩŹ֣
ͦŹ֣о塣
ʲô壿壡ϢضǳųԼһҪȥѽɽķ֧壬ԴϢǸǰȥɱ𣬱Ͼɱһ𣬿ɱʮ֧мֵضѾǲֶΣֻҪȥˣԱᱻ
ǣҵȶײ壬ǸһҲԣˣ˻ȥ
Ӧòɣ˭ôɵ֪廹
ãҵǾãһȥҡͷĴпԿǸ˷ǳǿƣңƺΪС屻ƽޱȷŭ룬֪壬ҲһǰҪն𡣡
⡭Ժܴ󰡣
һı
˱ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ȻҲϢжʱɭɭɱậᣬеɽȾѪǰʮ֧·ϣϢֱӸı䷽ǰѽɽ
ĲµǳΪµ壬ǣ޾壡
ֻйߣ


717 콣
ѽɽλڵλãڳѽʶΪѽɽƬɽһʯǣΪһСķ֧塣
һ죬ʱ֣һȾѪɽɱ⣬һƵ
ʯ⣬쿿ʱݡ
ˣ
һУ˻صʯڡ
첽䣬ɫ䣬ΨȾѪɽڵϣһʯС
ˣ
ʯǵһ˲䣬ʯ⣬һâ𣬽֯˿˿Ƶĵ򲨶ʱ佫ʯȫǡ
ͬʱһЦ𣺡֪
ʯڣһߴʯվĵӰߣһꡣһͷ̷Ȼǳһ𣬶Աߵߣ֯ŵ򲨶Ϊǿߣֱڴһأڶغʹء
С
ǿ߽ɭȻɱΡ
ʯڣ֧һʿһ𣬶죬̡
ľţųϢ˹Ȼˣ㣡
ڣδضˣ
û
ٳʿڡ
̧֣ɽһƬϯֱնȺʿ
նĽǳ죬תۼʱʹóȺʿ˴ѣʮʿѪУǿĽâնķѣѪˮֱȾһƬ档
˲ʹȺʿһ־ֿŭˢˢĳȥ
࣬ſ
гʿŭһ壬λ̫ϳϺͿɱ벽ǿߵڴˣȴǿƣȻֱӶ֣ɱһʮˡ
ǿߵøɭһڳʿˣԶһЩǶ죬еɱǿ˿Σֻǣȴǲûʲôһ̣˳ȥ
λ̫ϳϴ˲֣ɱ
̫ϳϳ֣
Ҳһָˣ
һʿһߺˣһ˵
粽ɭɭȻЦʯλǿµĽƽ磬ֻܽܳѾסʯǡ񣬾ʯڣѷɡһЦɫ⽻֯ձɱӣ޷չʵûɱ㣬źãΪͻƣﵽͨ۷壬Ҳͻƣɱʡ
ˣ
ɫâɢϵϢԽԽǿ
ȾѪɽֻɱ⡣
ûκһදֱӽƷ¯һʱ䣬ԵܲϯⷽʯǣƺƵĳųѹȥ
Ʒ
УһƷȻΪ棡
ڱ壡
̫ϳϺ
¯һããȵϯʮƬռʱ𶯡
ߣĶøǿʢһڳɢ˿¯ƣҲһƷֱ¯
ǣ
ǿꪣ
ڱ
ʿ˷ܡ
䣡
һƷ֮ķ¯ײһ𣬲¡
Ȼ֪һƷ֣Ȼǻ׼ɭɭģЦƷƷûκƣգɣ¯еյرΪУ
Դˣֻ֣
Ʒ裬ûκα仯ɽһ𣬶ʱ䣬һĽ𣬷·Ҫذ㣬ֱӽϵĿռȫ顣
ﬣ
Х΢һâϯ裬۵һᴩ
ѪڿУĿʱгʿԴ󾪡
ô᣿
ʿɫһſɱ벽ǿߣȴһ㱻һᴩؿڣƬѪҺţȻǿҲݡ
ﬣ
Хٴη졣
ɽȾѪһĽâʱϯƬأǵȾĽյ飬ǿǿҲͷһ
𵹷ɣڿѪʱ򣬸оȽ⣬ȻҲǱɫһֱӽһݻһ޴ĳںǰֵ⡣

âھ޴ĳϣֱӽ֮飬ĳٴκɡ
ֻɱ⣬ٴο粽ɽնʮ˵âʱϯ¡
ʱֱӼ콣ÿһ֮ϵĲ־Żľɱ
ﬣ
ҡʮ˵ལ£նգһڳϡ
ۣ
ѪɽҽУѪһֱ۱ն漴ܼâѹֱбɳȥĶϱѹķ飬һѪƮ
һĻĳʿɫٴδ䣬һ𣬾Ȼնһֱۣ

ŭ𣬿ס壬
һһɼΪϢɢֻϹӲӵļ׳ڳʼһֱɢޱ˵Ĳ·ɵƬؼеĶ
ǡʥгǿ߱ɫ𺳶ܣڱԴ࣬޼᲻ݣ˺һУţȻֻ
⡭ʥҧ壬˺գ޵е
ˣ
ʥܽ˺Ƭʣ
һڳʿ˷ܲѣǱɭȻ·Ѿڿһ߲ʬ㡣
𱻶һۣȾѪޱȶҰްͺ𣺡
ֻʥֻаưСȻĻɫһͬɫ㳯ɱȥҧ϶
ɫû˿仯ֻɱ⣬ɽ𶯣񷡣
ﬣ
ʩչ콣âϯأÿһŲɱƱñȷŸǿ£ͬǻԵĽǰҪ
˽ʱĳһͨʿɪɪʵԲģһƨɵڵϡ
䣡
գֱӽֻʥ֡
漴һ̣Ĵ촫ͬǽ˰㡣
ȥܼĽڣֻʥ䲼Ѻۣ۵һը콣â»ɫѪ
⣬ôܣ
ʥ޼᲻ݣ˺һУô˲ͱնɱ
þⲻģ
һڳʿ
ͬʱŭеĺŨˣֻ࣡ʥѪ꣬ǰܹȫƿأԻɱȴ㱻ն顣
䣡
ɫŭǿɱ졣
ûκһ仰Ӧֻгһ콣ն
וּһܼ콣âٴԻ˺鳤գ֡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦䣬ĳ飬弸˲䱻ᴩɸ״Ĳҽ


718 ħٻ
ѪˮУطһڳʿ𺧣Լһ𣬾ȻһαᴩˣȻ˾Ե·
ôܣ
Щʿ֮ɫǰһĻȻǿҲɫһٱ䡣
ûκζĻֱӿ粽ϣɽһâٴηն
ﬣ
̶һĻζ
ʩչ콣һ֮ϵ־֯ڽâ֮УĴݿ࣬ûʲôնһС
ۣ
һѪɢٴκɣѪ
סΣͷɢޱ׿ͺ壬࣡ҪĺܲңһϵϢٴαǿһ޴ĳӰ𣬽֯ŸʴĲһצӳץ˹ȥ
Ӱɶߣצ̽ʱ͵𣬷ɲ
İ֮һ棡
ɱ
Կԣһʮ
һڳʿе
͵죬Ӱצ̽죬еΪ֮پ£ȥʹóӰצӱøӿɲ

ɭ
ֻɱ⣬пᣬ飬һɽ𶯣ʱնһ˵콣⣬˷ŶԷնɱȥ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
âӰײ͵Ĵ졣
漴һ̣Ǿ޴Ӱ̽Ĵһ飬ʱը
ʱɫ䣬ӡҲնˣ㡭
ﬣ
ۣ
â̶绮۵һᴩ
ͬһʱ䣬ܼâն̼佫ĳӰҲն֧顣
ˣ
ô᣿
İ֮һ
ʿ󺧡

ʱ򣬲ҽٴӶɽһǰһ֮ɣ㽫֮նϣѪˮضǣĿġ
ꪣҶ

һԶƷε𶯣ɻضɱ¡
Դˣûа㷴ӦɽȾѪ콣âǱֱնͬһʱ䣬¯âʢһâ¡
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
â̶ǳĽϯأƬռʧȥɡ
ۣ
һΣɨɣȱᴩһǰ͸ѪҲԡ
࣡

ûκɽƣն¡
ƬѪɫռ˰µ콣ѾЩɾͣ콣սǵϵĹˣնؼһС
۵һٴκɣؿڱᴩอѾԿ
ѪˮӿѣϢʱ͹ȡ
ûʲô˵ģٴαƽɽһĳٴεɡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
콣âնһδνᴩѪˮͬһĽ䡣
һڳͨʿ𺳣ǵɱ벽ǿߣǰȻô
ﬣ
粽콣âɢ۵һն¡
ҽУɢͷ״
飬ϣһնһâбնһն飬ѪˮֱȾա

Һ絾˰ɡ
һĻĳһͨʿţܡˡ
ɽʱ䣬ɱʮһɱâƺƵĳųն¡
ȽâһƬضΪ֮£Ϊ֮

Ҳʱŭ
һӿһĹԶ͵һâ顣
ǿ߶ˣʱ֣ڹؼʱ̱ס˳ͳսУ䶢졣ʱ򣬳ֻǶһһţһֻۣԺǿָǼ֮սȥܻǿɾûа취ָˡ
ɱ
Ǵĳǿߵ
Ȼ
ڶصĳǿߵͷɭȻ
ϣ
ڵĳǿֱӿ粽̽֯Ե򣬳ѹ¡
ǴʹĳǿҲһ֣֣̺̽ŵĹâ
ολȥ
λ̫ϳϳ֣ͨʿֻʣ
ɱ
һڳʿ
䣡
ǿվһֻ̺Ĵӡѹ£ǵȲֲˣձѣܵĴ˲١
С
ǿ߽ɭȻɱޣû뵽ԼһľţȻǰ׾ܡ
ȥ
һ㣬˳ֵǿ򲨶纣һ㷭ӿֿɲǳ
овֻѹǿ΢΢Щ忦֨죬ƺһ̾Ҫˣɫȴûа仯ǳͲ̵Ĺâͬħһ㣺·
һһඦڳųǿߣ档
ѪɫΪѪɷħ棬ǰɽڵƬѪɫռãһ澳ǿ߶˿̣ȻųֱӭϳǿѹĴ֣ת۽ֻȫ֡

ҽеһʱ˲Ϣѣǿ̽ĴֱٻٵĽƲ
ңͬʱѪɫħԾ˳ֶֻϣתۼ佫ǿǡ

ǡ

ǿ߲ҽдƵӿѪ
ȻãѪɫһУûʲôԵֵ

̼䣬ǿֻʣ˲ҽС
̫ϳϣ
⡭ʲô
ǣ
Զһڳʿ֣һĻɪɪ

ҽϣǿһ̻պգһȴֱӻλ棬ڿзȫ׹ڵأڵϷҽżһطȻȴǵֵȻ档
Ѫɫħ棬һУپһУ

ǿ߷ҽУģҽԽԽǳɢȥ
ֻʣλ滹ȼգѪɫҲɢֻڵɫӡǡ
һʱ䣬һʿɫұ䣬ǿߵϢʧˡ
λϣ
ܣⲻܣ
λϿǴڴôᣬôᱻ
ʿɫɪɪ
࣡ŭ𣬳Ŀͺݶ㣡ıƷǿ֮һ𣬽˹Ϊһ˾ɱ죬ȴ룬һսԼⴴһǿߣҲ
죬𣺡ҪһŤֱչ壬ΪһɶߵĻҼ״棬ǸճҺڣĺɫСɳ˵ᣬɢһɼɭѪϢ


719 ն
СһƬɢżΪɭϢж٣ʯǶˣͬǷڿеС󨣬ġ
ɱɱɱ
𻯳Ҽ״棬
ʱ䣬СͬɫĹһ㳯ѹ͵졣
ޱ飬ɽһ콣âɨ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
СԿһֻֻը

ʱҽ
ԶһȺͨʿҽУҲɫĳˣɫСһЩʿϣЩʿܿÿήһѪȫߡЩʿѪСɻسڣʹóϵϢʱǿʢɫһѪâէ֡
Ҫ
ʲô

ҽ;ʯУʿ˴ѡ
չıϹһֻֻۣ㣬֮ǰΪʱնϹ۾նϵֽţʱһֻֻɫС߳ʿľѪͻڣϹ۾˳ڣϵֻ㣬ҲһһƶճҺȥ˷ǳġ
ҵˣǲǵֵã죬ĽѪתѪΪЩһ𣬼޽ӵϣնɱ
䣡
ֲѪâ𣬳壬һֻڹɱ졣
͵һֱӱһƬһƬƬҲǱ٣ֱڴƬ


ܼСҲܣǳ泱һ㣬ĳûȥ
ޱ飬ųֻвпɱ⣺һ壬Ҫ𣡡
ﬣ
ɽ콣ʩչǰ£ĽâȻֶ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
âնܼļʸһУնһУһֻֻС汻顣󣬿һ̽ľ޴ֱӱն£˲Ѫ

ҺӷſܼѪâЩѪâĳʿɶڳݻɻɱ⣬֮һо١
ϣ콣â죬佫Ѫն鿪
ۣ
һ콣£㽫ıնΪΡ
ǣΪ

ܼɫС潫һȺͨʿ֣תۼ䣬ҽ
𣬿סְ


һȺʿ֣תۼ䣬ٵĳʿɫСɵѪ漴ߣת޵ϡ
ʱ䣬ɢϢٴαǿʢϵĳһγ
ĽΪ޵֮

һѪâŸʴһкһеĲû졣
һʱ䣬Ƭռ䶼ڻˣɲˡ
û˵ʲôֱӿ粽콣ѹ£նһУƻһС
һΣ콣âֻն𣬶ǽ˷ȫ֣ĿҪһȺɫСϡ
ɲǼ䣬âСһֻֻ顣
ɱ⣡
ڳС棬飬֮Ÿࡣ
ɱ٣ܻ٣
Ц
û˵ʲôսֽ콣ӡһɻԽʱڳƬռ䶼ڶշ·Ⱦ˽һֻֻСըͬһʱ䣬չӡɫͼֱӽ֡
ʱ䣬жüڵ·һ㡣
࣡
ѪâҲ
粽ϣͷڷ趯
ˣ
ֻͼ𣬵һʱɢʥǿϢһĳһֻͼתĳųѹ¡
䣡
ֻͼâʢͬһʱ䣬ͼѹ䣬һʱкɫС档
ĺϢܣ㲻ǱĶ֣ǱĶ֣Ѫתɱɱɱɱ
һѪâ֯йɫĳ徹ʱѪɫ
ɱɱɱ
𶯳壬ɱ죬ңڷ񹵶Ʒ汦ꪣ֮嵽ߣѪ߶ꪣ֮ɱǡ
һܣմ羡ϣͼ΢΢Ѻۡ
Դˣûκα仯ɲпᡣ
ǰĺڷƬսϵ쫷磬Ŀ裬ֻͼâʢ
߶ֻͼѹ£һ¯һųȥ
ٴν콣ӡֻ̧ŵʵʵ콣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĴײƬ̺ܿռ飬ƬƬ̮ƷɳȥսģΨֻͼ˸΢⣬ûбɺʧ

һֱץֻͼֱѹ
޴ĳԹĴ𣺡޵еģ㲻Ǳġ
ۣ
ֻͼѹ£ϳĻ۵һ֮ķѣֻһŹѵĳͷȥԶȾʺ졣
һ˲䣬ޱţϢʧն
Զһͨʿ뷢ȫˡ
λ̫ϳϣľţˡ
ⲻġġ
һΣһΡ
ʿ˫Ŀʧ
ﬣ
̶ХƳգϯ۵һʮʿն顣
ʱŵĳʿʧѣһ˲䲼֡

˼ĺС
Ӱ
˲Ϣ䣬гʿңʯӶݡ
ʯԭгǿ߲µĽƣֻܽܳǿѾĽȻʧȥãԴӳ߳ȥ
߳ȥ棬ǣЩͨĳʿοܴӵ죬Щʿ̫Сˣصľ޴
ﬣ
Х佣âϯն˷
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըĿޡ

ҪɱңҪɱң

Ͳҽһʿ콣·
ôô
ǿĳʿ־ԼһıƷǿѹֻΪһͨСʿԭӦǿ׻ʤŶ԰Ȼ񣬽־Ȼˣ
ۣ
һֱǿն顣
пᣬĻӶɽּ̧гʿ·һڳʿڽը鿪

ҽϻص
Ҳʱⷽʯ⣬ʿӰ֡ǰϢƳⷽʯǣʿµǳΪ첼µı壬ȴ̲ס뿴᲻ɱǣ˳˹˿̣ЩʿʯУʱһ˲ŵɫ


720 ǚi
ʯڣϵطһʿֱǱŻˣȥʯУѪˮȾһƬƬ棬ʯһ̮ѣʿھֲҽУڳڣֳһɽһʮɱոųʿѪȲб
⡭Ǹˣ桭
ǳƳطأ
ǡͻȻָڵһһȾѪĳͷǡǺ񣬺ǡǳıͷ­ǰչֹ塣
񡭡ȷʵǣǰҲżȻ
⡭
ЩʿʱĲ𣬱նˣ
֮ǰƳҪϢӦȷʵǳ崫ĲŶ԰Ӧǻ׼İɣôڣڡ״ȫǳһ浹
ѵǲ´ˣǰ㣿

ָУһ汦ڳ
ʱȺһ
ǿȱǣǾ˵
˵ǲµûȷʵǳ岼ǰһǿôһһﲼֶΣ
ɣڡնˣˣѪϴ֧塣
ʿļ¡

ҽʯд֡
ʯڣпᣬֳɽͬӵ߳㣬ֻӽÿһնضոʿ˿赲

а벽ĳǿֶξȻ£ȴ޷ֶãܿǱն
粽ɽ˸ɭɭ⣬һٵâն˷
۵죬һʿѪС


Ҫɱң
ʿ־壬һģһӡ
Ȼûá
ֻɱ⣬֣ľĻӶɽ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһƬƬڵϣʯ档
תۣӹȥ

ʯУһҽºռ䶼ķ֧壬ĳʿȫնûһѪˮСϪһڵر
ȫȫˡ
ǳ岻Сһ֧壬ɣڡ
⣬ֱǡ
ʯ⣬һʿĲ˵ɫһƬѩס
ڣޱ飬ּ佫¯أͬʱҲ汦ת̫ľϵĳӡĨʯС
һĻĳһʿ𺳣ǿôˣ
䣡
䣡
䣡
Զǿܼͬһʱ֣طߣ϶֯Ũĵ򲨶
ͰӰ岻ǰĴǿߣУǡ壡һҲдǿ߳ˣ
ǿΧ
⡭
Ⱥһʶˡ
߳ʯڵĲ״ܿ죬ȾɫҲʧˣ䳯ųеȥ߸ɱ⣬ĴǿߺͰӰĴǿߣԵЩ
ͬʿ㣬ҲΪ֮ǰ򡰳ⷽʯǡϢܻطƵ
㻹
Ĵǿ߻ɱⰻȻ죬Ȼһնˡ
Ҫ֮࣡
ӰǿһҲ֮ǰɱˡ
ǿߣͰӰ壬һҪ࣬ʮ˺ͼ벽ǿߣʧ̫ɱ죬ֻҪϴˢ衣
С
ǿһֱӶ֡
ͰӰĴǿȻҲһ֣볯ѹ¡
һƬմ𶯣ӿʯΪ֮ζ
ˡҪˣ
ʿһǿߺΧһͨɵڶصʿεֵˣҲܣ֮Ϊʵ̫޴ˡ
䣡
ǿɱ֯ɴϢӿҪռ䶼ˡ
ޱ飬ɨǿߣŲһΣͬһɫ˺ѳգ˲ϢԶȥǵٶ̫ˣʯʿһ
áÿ죡ģ
˺Ȼ
ȻǿҲľԱͻȻչֳٶȸסˡ
׷
ǿߺȵ
ʱ䣬ƿյǿҲǻ׷˳ȥ
ת۶ѣԶԶ뿪ʯǵķΧ
СӲˣ
˸ɭȻ
ϣûʲôӦصǚiٶÿһ¶һɫӡͬǲŵƶһǽԶ
ǿɫֻһ˲ѣ˽ԱԶԶ˦

˿׷ǣҰУӰȴԽԽԶ׷ȥһξӰʧϢѾо

ŭֱһƬա
òѰټǣȴ޷κε˶ԷȻԷٶȾ͸˦ˣʹ˽ɫѿǿǣǿߣٶȾȻȲһͨɵڶʿ

ŵصǚiһƬƬɽֱ׸ӦǿߵϢ󣬲ͣ뵽һƬֲïܵɽС
ʮ֧壬նɱǿߣȥһǿԸоһЩеķŭйȥ١
Ժ󣬽

ԺУСǰ۵Ļʼջ֮ȥÿʹ
ɱ⽻֯䡭壬һ壬ݣ
˶٣ƬѰһεĵطһЩƺϥ£۾ʼϢʱ䣬ϵĳʿ̫ˣѪɱй˷ŭͬʱҲоԼΪɶƺҪͨˡ
˫΢գ̫ľʱתâ͸
ˣ
ڣͬʱѪ⣬Դѭ

磬ǿ׷ѰãȴѰϢֻŭ𣬸ԷɢԶȥ
ͬʱѽɽķ֧屻ɱϢõ𶯣ΪϢģֻǳķ֧屻ɱһųҲնɱųǿҲȥ
ʲôǸˣȥ
ȷʵȥˣ
ɱֻʣһűͷ­Ǹ֧ȫ˸ɾңﲼ壬ǿҲ˶ȥ
ļٵģ
Ȼģ
Ǹʱ˵壬ͰӰºдǿ߸ϵ׷ɱˣǿֶܻ飬ƺûܽǸ˸¡
ʲôѪɱһʿԹǿߣȻûбסȻӵˣ
⡭ô̬
Ҳţǡʵˣ
ڣʿϢ󣬽Ǳסˣ


721 һ֮
ڣʿǾˣ֪壬ֻһɱȥڳ岼µУնɱǲСķ֧壬ǿߣңºǿ°Ȼ
Ǻεʵ
⡭
̬
ǡˣ
ʿϢ󣬶ǲɵӡ
̫׺ˣ
˵ֻһɢޣչֵƬκһ嶼ûйϵɢޣֱǿа
Ĳ
һʱ䣬ֹ̽¡
ο˷۱ù͸һҪˣ
ɲǣʮ֧屻ɱǿᣬһЩﶼѪˣɽȴˡ
ã
ͬ͵ǻãڶЦһã
壬ûǺöһǰԵ裬ȫ
ǣ
ʿۡ

壬塭

һŭ쳹Գڴ
ڣһɫһıЯǿǿͬУֶҪնɱ죬ȴԼһɱǿ䣬ǿҲߣʧʵ̫ˣն˳һ۰
ɱһҪɱ
д
ڣɱϢһҡ
£죬߳һǿߣɱⰻȻҪն졣
ˣнһЩѰ죬׷ɱ죬壬Ӱ͹Ҳˣǿ׷Ѱ䣬Ҫ֮ҳιǡ

ʱһΣתչȥ
ɽУĬĬϥһƬڣת̫ľ
ˣ
âתգһһĴǡ
ͨ򣬶ͨУǴѪǣΪܹ֮õĸͳش
ϥԵúܿ飬Ѫڷ⣬һ㾧Өת
ˣܿʱȥ
䣡
һ̣һɴͻȻӿһɿ쫷糯ϯȥ
쫷߰˸ʱͣ±ƽ
˫ۣâһţ漴˫ȭԸоڵӻ񴿾ңҲнĶ±øǿЩ
ͨ졣

΢΢ȭ⣬ӱƺ󣬳ȥ
ú߳Ƭ֣޵
ǲһǿߣҪ׷ɱˣ
ͰӰҲǲһǿߣвٰ벽ʿ߳׷Ѱ˵ټ
˵澳涼ˣŭѣпܻ߳
廹Ǹǿ⣬ûô񡣡
һĴ壬Σӡ
н磬洦ǡ
֣߳䣬ûʲô
һЩ۵·ߣúһʯկǰΪһ֧塣ڰԶʶĬĬɨӣûзʲôΣգ漴󲽳ǰȥ
гһɽһĳ֧壬ɱһҲڡ
֧⣬صĳʿһ䱸ǰҪʮ˿̼쿿ڿģ󣬶ʱɫұ䡣
Ǹɱˣ
ʱ䣬Уڳȥ
ʱ䣬ʮ֧壬ն˳𣬶˳ǿѾгʿ֪ģ־ĺܡߵĳʿ᲻£
첽ƽֱУʲôҲûУֱӻӽâϯءתۼѣǰʮʿѪУҽжû
ķ֧峤߳Ϊһ벽ǿߣʵǿɴ˿̶죬ȴǼɵ־壬ɫĵλ̫ϳ߳㾹ˣ
ﬣ
̶û˵ʲôֱʩչ콣նһ˵ɱ⡣
ͨɵ죬ʶǣٶȣ涼нʵøǿЩ벽ʿѹȻҲСࡣ
벽ǿߴԿȴǽڽڰˣձնɱ
󣬽âϯ֧壬ɭȻ䡣

ҽУΨһ
ʱ߳ֻһصѪˮʬ
ĵʮĸ֧壡
뿪ûа֣תתͣͣúʮ֧壬֣֮ɽȾѪնһʮ塣
һʱ䣬Ƭ
ҵ죬桭Ǿ˰
壬壬Ӱ壬壬嶼дǿ׷ɱȻ£⡭һҲѴǿ߷У
̫׿ˣ
ļ¡
߳ļǿǷŭѣѭֹĵط׷ɱȥң壬Ӱ͹ĴǿҲһ׷ȥȻÿһζûʲôʵԵĳɹֻǵֹĵط졣
ͬʱһ𺧵Ϣͣ
ʮ߸֧屻˸ɾûһʿ߳
ҰϪϣʮ˸֧ķѡ
ʮŸ֧屻ƽ벽ǿڣȫս
ڶʮ֧屻𡣡
ڶʮһ֧屻١
Ϣͬ˳ɱʮ̶ռ䣬֧屻
߳ǿ߽ŭХɱ⾪죬Ȼȴ޿κΣʵǿ󣬾ڵ֪ĳλú̾ɱ˹ȥǣȴȡκһ˿Чڱǣűߡ
ڶʮ֧屻١
һϢ
𺳣ͷڿ
һεߵ壬һ겻ľɷǣ
̫ˣʮ֧壬ֱǡ
Ѿǻٵ˳ķ֮һ
һʿļ¡
ͬһʱ䣬һ֧ٴУľһЩŭһĿȳھѪ
з֧ۼۼһ
һ
ɫÿҪˣ棡
Σֻʣǿˣֵܾ壡׷ɱЧ£ۼһѵĿһȥ
һ忪ڵĳ
ڵĳһɫøѿ
һ죬ǿ֧߳壬һ֧忪ʼǨƣƶ
˶ν󣬵ĵʿ
֧ȻʼǨˣȻڳƶ
⡭
Ƶȳ̶ȣ
ʿǲɵȻ׳ٶΣǺĶйء
ֻһˣȻƵһ彫з֧һֱǡ
ʿļ¡


722 ص
ĴǨĵʿ𺳣ȻҲ֪ˣԵһƬĮúһɽۣ֮ɽ¡ȥһʿۼһɵĳ巽ƶм벽ǿ߾С
ٶȶһЩ
а벽ǿߵͺȡ
һʿɫţŲʱø졣
ɽۣһΣȡһų󹭣ŴΪƷǵڵڶãѾܾûʹùˡŽɫ󹭣һʱ֧ɫʸ֣ȫڹϣֱ״漴ɿ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
֧ʸɳͬ磬˲仮Ƴգͨǿ䱬
ʲôˣ
䱸

Ⱥʿʱңɫ벽ǿֱɽ۲
㣡
죬벽ǿ־ŭͬʱҲǴżɵɫ
û˵ʲôɽۣٴȡ֧ɫʸ̧֧ʸ֮ͣͣתۼʮ֧ʸɽ£Ⱥʿм䣬һĿѪҺһҽ
ɽ۲ʸԿرתͬʱ֮󣬽Ⱥʿ֣ɱ
ס֣
а벽ǿŭ𣬳죬Ȼһ̱ӭһʥͼ
ֻͼ
ۣ
ûʲôʣֻͼѹ£ֱӽ벽ǿĿѪɣ鲼ѺۣҽСֻ֮ͼûͣ£Ǻһٴѹ
벽ǿ߾ִУȴֱͨӱֻͼѹһѪ
һʱ䣬һʿ֣ңӴܣϧȴûʲôá
ɽۣԿرתʮ֧ʸɱķͬʱֻͼٴγѹ벽ǿߡ
ҲʱƫͷϷǸɼΪǿĵ򲨶ӿ֣Ӱٳ
̫ϳǣ
һʿϲ
ɫ䣬һɽۣȫ߶ֻͼѹһʿ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ֻͼ£ȺʿֵܵתۼըһƬ

ǿ߳ʱ˫ۣŭɶ
ȫӣֻͼٴѹһʿնһƬ漴ֻͼʮ֧ɫʸŵصǚiɫ˲ϢԶȥ
ǿŭֱ׷ȥٶ̫ˣǴǿҲвܿǱԶԶ˦
˦ǿߺȺڸλãɱǨƵʿĳŭȴ޿κΣΪÿζֻɱһȺʿƶԶȥǵٶʵ̫죬ǿ߶׷֮ϡ
ˣֻܷǨٶȣͬʱɳ˸ǿǰ໤
úһδεľѻ£˴Ǩƣڵʮ֧ȫۼ塣
ɱһҪɱ꣬壡
壬ŭ
һεĴǨƣѾǶ棬ǨƵĹУȴһһ⵽ľѻ˲ˣʹóһڴŭķ
ŭĴĴӸһЩʿһ
ǵѪùˣһͨʿƵ˵زǶ档
ã
̵龫Ѫιʳ׳棬ǱӦ
ЩʿС
ͬһʱ䣬ȻûڴŭХ޵Ҳٲ˶Գµҡͷ˰ȻĻǶ𾪡
һ꣡
ۡ
ΪһƽС壬һս˵زɲһܹ£һ˶ѣȴǽһƵ̶ȣʵǺ£

ĬĬһɽۣң巽â˸ƽ
ʮ֧壬նɱǿߣնɱһ𣬶ǿһƵøǨƵһʹһ棬еŭҲйĲˣҪǣʵǲЩܵȥп澳ĳǿ
ʵ
Į۳ķת뿪ɽۡ
ٶǺܿˣΪȴվЩҪΪ
뿪ɽۺһɽѰһεڣȫͶ뵽У̫ľת١
ͬһʱ䣬׷ɱûжϣ壬Ӱ͹ȻҲˣѰټֻǣȴʲôʵԵĽչ
ƬôҪѰһף
ҪѰطǿ뽫֮Ѱǲܵ£ǿҲ
ɲǡ
һЩʿۡ
ͰӰǿȻҲ֪Ըʹֹ׷ɱ
ˣתۼ䣬һ¹ȥ
ˣ
һ죬ƬϱλõһԭʼͻȻһɽ̮¶һǵ磬о˵гңͬһʱ䣬һֱû뵽֮ϣƺҪᴩ
ʱ䣬𶯣һʿңϷλãΪ֮ľ
áŨʲôط
עص˰ɣǵҪֱǡ񼣣
⡭
𺳡
ȻҲƾѣɽɽɽۣϷλáϢƣϣ֯һɼΪ˵ıУǵֱɲҫ۵ģһʥ͵Ϣþòɢ
⣬춼Ϊ֮ľܵıסˣֱֱĶ
˿ɽۣԶʿۼΪʶǿһЩǴС
ϱǿ߳ƣϹʱһս浱вٱ
ûﲻ֪˵ǵͲ򵥣ǵȹâĶضһھ캳ĳر

˵嶼Ѿǿ߶ڣʥӶǰˣĿ궼һҪȡǵڱ
һЩǿɢҲȥˣ˶ߡ
ɡ˵챦ǷĶҲضܲǣôﶼһΣյĵطҪȥ
ϻȻҪȥǺΣգ˭֪Թ䱦һն뵣űԼɵǰ
⡭
ڳơΣաʿһʱ
ɽλãЩ˵ۣϷλã˸㾫â
ʱǵѾɢȥǣĿûƿ
ȥ
Ƭ̺аһ䣬ֱڿճϷλöȥ
ƬϢ죬һƬΣգǣҲŸֻǵ⣬̫ǷܾˣҪǿҪΪһطֵȥһдջ


723 ʥӣѪ
ٶȺܿ죬úƬԭʼָȥڵļɽ̮һ޴ѷɽ䣬һƺɫƮ
Ϊʱͷʢԣʱһɫ񣬽⶷ϿӡһЩƣҲԿ˵ע⣬ΪǻٻӰ쵽
ص磬ر
ĵص磬⡭󣡡
ܹйڵص׿ռ˸ûд䣡
ɽʱѾΧ˲ˣͨѷصȥ
¡
ԶӿһȺӰ΢壬ɢϢͬһ㡣
壡
ɽ䣬ʿ붯ݡ
ʮˣѪ֯΢⣬һֺܲĸоУΪ׵һǳڣȥᣬȻɢϢȴܾˡ
ʥӣ˵Ѿﵽͨɰ죬ʵܿ£
˵
ͻȻλã͵𶯣һӰ粽
һˣߣ׳һʯ
ʥӣ
һЩʿĲ
λЦʮӰϢҲǿ
ʿԾҲˣһʥӾУ
壬壬壬嶼ǾƬڶεĴͬСɡʱ˶ƷǷһʱɽʿʵǿңʥӶطǿǺųͬһȻЩ˳Ծ
ԳмʥҪǲ٣
ô˵ط治һ㣬򲻿ˣ

ԺʥҪ
⡭棿
ܿ϶ǿԺܴ󣡡
һЩʿС˵
ԶգڶɨӹʥӣʥӺͷʥӣ΢΢һĨ΢⡣ֻԿһۣܸӦ˵ĲͳҪǿЩȻֻǿһ߶ѣ㲻ʲô޴Ĳࡣ
У࿴۹ʥӣϾ͹ǵжԹϵ
ˣ
ͻȻص·ǧڵ±ڣ֮ľ
⡭
ʲôص׷ʲô𣿡
Һ˵
ɽ䣬һЩʿݡ
䣡
ٴԵص״һͬǺХڷһ㣬ңͬһʱ䣬Զ֮ǰŨͬ޾Ƴգһ˲佫Ƭ񷶼ȾһںڣϵƲһ̱סˡ
ܣʿһǽĿ˹ȥֱֱĶ޴ѷ졣
ĿȻҲǾ޴ѷϣǹ΢΢üͷ
һ̣¡һ죬ؾҡһѷг˳Ѫⸯãɱ졣
ôôࣿ
Ⱥ
̶ɲǼ䣬ӴѷбѾ˽ǧѪⸯãѪ죬ǳŵǳìܶѾ⼣ȴԵúɭ䡣
Щһ㣬ǿ
̫ˣ
ˣ
˴С
ʿһԲη壬ʱ򣬳̫ˣҶǿЩʿǱɫ
¡
ǿɱϯƬռ䣬תۼ䣬˳ЯһһŨƬֶȾһϢĲ
ֳ𺳣ʱѾǧ˳ѹѹһƬͬһҪݻһС
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ЩѪ죬⼣ĵìꪶֱѹ򸽽ʿ
ۣ
ѪʿͷأһȺʬֱӱ̤һѪ
ǿķٶȺܿ죬ܶ࣬ûʲô赲ǵĲǿվʿһҲЩɫףԿ⡣

ҽһʿɿԶ
ǧɫӿ֮ѪϽ
ңѷһиð˲ɵ÷
̫ˣôô
·ս˶ˣ
˱ܣ˱ܣ
һʿ
ɽʿںˣʱ̫ˣҶһ㣬ͬĺ㣬·ǳԲһǵ¡
ߣ
һһ
ʥӿгһǵһƬѹ£۵飬һƻҳڵϡ
ǰѣÿһЩ
ʥ̧߳һǰ
һһɿϯ
һߣʥҲ֣ʯһɨǧɻҡ
áǿ
ˣʿ뵹
Զڶ£ɫ糣ֻǶɫĴѷ졣
䣡
ʥӣʥӣʥӣǿֲ֣߳һĴ֯Ƭռ䣬ĳ͵ķ飬תۼǱȫնɻҽ
һʱ䣬ƬռʱٴαÿŨϢʱɢ١
ʥӱ鵭Įһֱû޴ѷ£ص硣
ʥӶ˵ЩʲôӰһһӰѷڡ
ʥضɵһζһԾǾ޴ѷ¡
ܣȺ붯ݣһӵϡ
ǧ·һ˲䱦
Щʿ
תۼ䣬ɽּ󲿷ʿ˵ص硣
վԶϣȻҲûйͣһҲûѷڡ
½䣬ѷ߶ʯ㣬ֱ˴Լңʯʧֽ˴Լңǲϡ
˿̣ŵһƬʪСˮݣƮһɶζ
̧ͷԶƬص׿ռǳĹ˵嵽жΧƬռڣһƬƬݻɫɽţԵúǲһ㡣
龧
ʿС
Ƭصʿܶ࣬ܿʿһЩܲĶ
ƫͷĿԶһƬݻɽԼǵã֮ǰԴƬɽ
ûжŲһαǿ˹ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬úݻɽǰֱû뵽С
Ƭݻɫɽ䣬ɽһήֲ꣬ɫе¶ҲԱøһЩͬһصѩɽһ㡣
ͣ
һֻצͻȻӵص̽ץȣҪקڤڡ
ûһۣ̫ľתӿֱӽֻצķ顣
ССҲ
ԶĮ
ƫͷȥʥӽƬɽֽ̧һͷ۷Ĺնͬһʱ䣬򴫳ǿʢܲʥӺ;ʥҲطȺ·ļͷ顣
лһĨ΢⣬ȻҲǳ֮ǰǵ
ûйͣ粽ǰƬɽȥ
䣡
֣Ϣ֯צɭɭץ
鵭Įּ佻֯âһĹȥֱӽ֮ѹķ顣
Ƭɽڣƽٶȴܿ죬նһͷͷ·ĹúһƬСɽڣʬǣšⸯʬǼ䣬ȴһҵɫСУһöȭͷСѪɫӡ
Ѫ
лһĨɫ


724 
Ѫ൱޾ľɺĹӣ̺žһԪ䡣֮ͨɾ֮£κ˷ʳڶʱһС̨׵Ϊ
лһĨɫڵһõһǵʱϲ룬Ѱ˺Ƶıң걦Ѿã˹ʵڸʬɢŨĹ㡣
ûԥֱӿ粽ܿɫǰС֣ժöѪ
õⶫܺܿͨ죡
ͣ
ͻȻһɫɱٳ춯ݣܺˣûܲɵѪ
Զһ˸âסѪ
Ǳģ

̧ͷȥһ䣬꣬Ȼǹʥӡ
ûж˵ʲôֱӿ粽Ѫȥ
ʥߣҲһŴһطնһͷͷҲߵطǡɿҪժһöӣһȻѪնһɱ⣬ժҪöѪᵽԼС
ˣʱһǵУɫĳնȥͬʱһֳֻѪץȥ˵ˣڱģ
ֱӻȭǿգһȭǵҵķ飬ͬʱҲʥԶ
ʥӶݣΪ壬಻һ᲻ɴݣ츳ﵽͨɰ󣬹֮̿ƷȴȻһȭͱ˸ˣ죬΢΢˫ۣе˼
䣬ٴγһɫǵңһһƹ⻪ϣ֮ͨ
ɱ㣬ȡѪ
ʥԵ÷ǳǿƣһն£ɱâһƬƬɫ⺣
ɱâЩ£ʮϢмλÿ£Χ
춢Ѫûʲôֱһȭͷѹ£һУ̮գɫ⺣飬ֱȡѪ
ʥһ䣺뱾һսʱȻͼȡһں쵶ǣÿһصǶɢɱ⣬תۼ佫ʮռΧ
ǧɱǺ
ʥᡣ
ʱ䣬쵶ΧϣһƬռ䡣
ǹһڷǳǿͨΪ֮һ쳣¡
һгһɽֱչ콣ʮ֮ϯգնΧɱϵйǵ
䣡
񱩵ܽ֯һƬƬǱ飬һը
ʥӱɶԶ¶ɫ
ɾ룬ͬʱĶڿ͵ܲѿ¶ݡ
㣡
ʥеľɫŨ漴ɫ䣬ɱŨ
ɱ˲ٹǿߣѾ˹ĺʥȻ֪졣
ĮѿĶ˦һ٣΢΢ƫͷƬСɽ⣬ǿڳ￿омʥӡ
ɫ΢ûԥֱɽ콣߶ǰޡ
￿ļܣ²⼫пʥӣǱЩٿҪȡѪ鷳֮ǰѪȡߡ
ﬣ
âһ˵콣â֮նʥӡ
ͬһʱ䣬˵һֻͼ𣬺ƺƵĳŹʥѹȥ
ʱ䣬Ƭռ䶼ҡΡ
֮ûͣ٣ֱӲŵصǚiһαѪԡ
ʥӶʱɫû뵽ͻȻʩչôµֶΣֶξȻֻΪڻȥȡѪʱˣһ˵콣âֻͼо˴вĻп졣

𣬼һֵͨһ˵콣âֻͼ
һʱ䣬ǿǿײƬСɽȶڻζ
գʥӱԶɫò԰ЩѪʶ¡
ҲʱѾѪȡС

ʥӺǰ
쳯Сɽ⿴ۣŵļѾˣûͣɨ۹ʥӺֱӲŵصǚi뿪˲ϢʧС
ʥӿ粽׷תۼʧȥϢ޷׷ϡ

뿪Сɽȣǚi߳ԶǷŻŲ
ȭͷСѪͨѪ·Ѫˮɵİ㣬ɢŨķ㣬ֻһŶһëŵĸо
ȥ
ѪС
Ƭռ̫ʿҲǳѷϢӶ࣬ĵط鱦Ȼһʵ£׼뿪ѰһұȽεĵطˣȺܰȫֵܹվ
΢΢һƬݻɫɽƬɽȥ
֮ǰֵǵ⣬ɽ
֪ʲô
Ե
ǵֵܲһɲǱڻͦľ
ǲһԱߵһʯ飬һ߸ʬбֱ졣
췴һƣֱӽ֮飬һۣߡ
ƬռһƬ谵ɽڲܶ࣬ԽߣԵԽ䣬·һѩɽڰ㡣

һֽҹа֣֯ͨɾǿߡ
ֻ̧֣һƽ֮顣
֮ߣ;ֵаԽԽ࣬пȰ벽а֣˰űɱ

Щ
תۼ䣬һʱȥ첻֪߳˶Զֻ֪Ƭɽкܴһξ룬У̽ѰܣҲѰ˲龧ƷʻǺܾˣ̵ܷǳŨ
ȥٻһҡ

һͷͨصߡ
Ҳһ̣ɫһ䣬ŵ׵ĵͬ˴һ㣬ǿȻһվȵĸо
ģһѣѷͬ֩쿪ȥ󣬵鿪һȻӴӵصð˳ʮɶߡ
ȻΪ״鲼ɫۼףһԾ޴Լɫתʹʱɫ䡣ڹżϼ飬ΪޣȻɳֱӱƿдֲܿ
˿̣ͷʮɸߵˣܹоһǵ֮ǿѾȵڤħˣ۷壡
̵ģȻŲˬ´βˣǷ
һƮ
ϵıʱʧ룬ͷֲȻ¡̵ġ
ףˣ𣬶ס죬ֻһĨĿϵʯϣ޴צӸָ£СһǲϣүѾоˣȡ׸ү


725 ü縺
죬ϵıгʧ΢Щ㶵ĶǰӴ⿰۷ĺޣȥôһåƵģƦһ
Сһ콫׳
תŹ⻪Ϊǿᡣ
ͷ춼֪ôˣô˵ҲǹżŨصĺޣǰһͷȻ˰㣬һͨɾʿթ
оˣû
ͷǿʱǳûоŸС
˫Сһ˵ѿɲãүڸᣡԹԽүĹ㣬ǲߺߣү㣡
˵ţһɵɢ֯ƬС
ʱһðɣȷʵһöȴֻѪֻͨɾЧûʲôáƺ̸ܽٶԷһЩаްҪɱһ飬ϣԱסʯеѪ
ү͵ڣ
⡣
ǲ˵ʲôһΣֱӲǚiһԶ
ӣ
ţצһӣһѱǽץ˻
ʱ䣬һɿֲѹ˷ӿоԼ·Ҫ˰㡣
Сһﲻ°үɱ䡣ץ죬ֱӾһˣ¡
һʹѣ˻ҸС
˫ѹצӣҪ֮ſ
СһүȻʵ˼Ȥ

оʹ̲סƺߣһƬ
ЦڵĵСһүô˵Ҳ
ˣ
ͻȻһȦ߲ʹâɢĽƺ
۵һѪ⽦ץצֱӱѣ´ƬѪ
໣
ʹһܵɿ죬˵צӿٻָԭ״
Сӣղʲô
죬ɴһͫһͨɾСʿȻ˵
ҲǾȣĵĽͨʶеǱ񽣡
죺Сӣǲʲô񱦣ǿôܻᱻһͨɾСʿ˵ΨһĿԱǿ񱦣ʱ죬˷ˣֱһŮĺӰ㣬ٴצӳץȥСӣϽģϵ񱦽үһ
оһһǺѹ˹궼𶯡
Ǳܵģֳǰӭȥ
ˣ
߲ʹâ֯һķɳȻʶеǱ񽣡
һ߲ʹâ˫񱦣񱦣û˿ԥֱһצӳץȥЦԵԵֵ̫ˣȻôһ񱦣õүһܿܿ뵽ۻʾ
צգתץĿЦƬص׿ռ䶼ɵ
צܿ񽣴⣬ȴһ٣ץȥˡ
ֵûãүǰͽͣ
ЦȻһ̣ЦȻֹӳצӺݺһһȦȦ񻪴צʶȥ
ȡү
ȫͬʱҪ̽ȥצӡǣȴǲûʲôãһ̱һεסˣѣڵֵͬҰַ·Ǿ̵ɽ飬ĳʶ
𣡡
ƴȫ⡣
Ȼ񽣿Ȼᱮϡ
ˣ
һȦȦӿڣңٶȱøˡ
ĿǰһĻֻоɢԽԽӴҲڷɿСתۼǴʮɸ߱˾ɸߣ漴ֱɸߡ
Щȣ񽣣ڶȡΪ
ĶǰԽԽԭԽСӰֱɣֱɣɱɣɱɡ
ܿ죬ٺȥ
ҺӴֻʣһײֱʱ񽣲ǵһ£һ⣬û뵽ڡ
һæɨʶֻѾػأʶڣϵ΢΢øЩ
໣
ڵϣòһףͨ㻹ҪСһš
죬оʵƺֻʶ
УʱͻȻӭ۾ɵһ
΢漴Ӧֱ̧ȣһŲβϡ
һʱһʱڵɲǷŵˡ
СӣҲүβͣ𣡡

б۶ͷѾһ׵ĺޣ΢΢̧β͵ȡ
Ͷԡ
飡
һֲȥ
أСӣ㡭
飡
̧ȣٴβ¡
С
飡
Ҫ㣡
飡
࣡
飡
Сӣˣ۰
飡
ɱСӣסţβҪˣ
飡
أС㡭磬ڣˣٲˣ
Һ
ֲһţͣ΢ЩȡҪ֪ǿúܣôźݺݲȥȴһӡǶû£ԷΪȻˣǿȴǺܼ̣ٻڲΡ
ץβ֮ͣб۶Ҫ𣬲ҪôͻȻǱˣ
ŭĶ죬漴תۼֱһҲģ첻۾ȻôүȻȻأ
̧־һƣһޣѧʲôǺ
ĸˣүѾҪۻʾˣ񡭡Ȼʶ໣˵ţ׿Ķ죺СӣԱүʲôǱʲôүΪȻүˣ
β̧ͣһơ
һһεģˣΪֻʶˡ
ҪҪң
Ҫ
ž
ȿȣǱʶĴˣɿȣ漴ְŲ䣺ؼǣҲ̲˰
ָ̧֣һƣ˶ٺһ˦֣֮˳ȥ
ҲЩ˼ʱɱԷңһ£ΪȻȷʵǵˣ֮ǿȴǺܿ£һֶιֻöԷеʹɱԷûдΪƺĵ
Լ߰ɡ
ɨ۲һ׵Ųȥ
ڵϣΪԼΪʶһ󰧺Ǻһ㡣漴Ҫʱ৵ǰ
ʲô
ü
ɥүӣֻʣʶΪˣȥ˻ô죿ն񣬱˴סɾˣü縺
ʲô
Լˡ
һ׳Сֻܿʣ´ңһԾͷǺܿΪľɥ͵лָ˹үΪָһ̶ǰø𱣻үΪү


726 һ֣
ĻͷڸֳܼĺߣĵֱӽˣȻΪ֮
Сͷץ£ֱ˦ȥ
ȥڿʱһչ৵ַ˻ͷСӣãƢҪô꣬ãܲá
ҧһѽͷץղŲǻ˵ն𣡡
Ǹ⣬Ϊʶ˿̾ȫָ˹ĻЩҡҡͷǰֻצӣˣҪ֪κ鶼˫ԣ̫һֻ۽
ٴðߣ
һ˦֣ٴν˳ȥֱƬɽȥ
ٷ˹ٴſͷңһΪ˷ֹ콫ץֻצקͷݺҧҧ
СӣĥˣôΪүôֲҪϵɽ»𺣡˵⣬үߣҲкôġ
ôʲôôһֻ
ۣСӣú˵ʲô豾ү񣡡
קקȭͷ뽫ͷåץʹһ١
㿴㣬קȭͷƢ̫ˣãáڴүĺô룬үΪȻȷʵˣϾҪۻʾˣо黹ģүߣһЩʱָУһЩ·
ŵ⣬СòƲӦҪȥʮүѾ߱飬ҲΪṩϢˣڿϸϲʱҲʡȴٵ鷳
£΢΢üôȷʵЩãϾ˵Ĳиоϼһߣպȷʵ߲·ϲ˽⣬֮ҲȷʵΪṩٱ
Ȼע⵽仯ôСӣ˰ɣ
һȥûнͷץȥˡ
ƬݻɽǳԽߣԽӵı䣬ϢúŨúһɺڷ鲼
һĳڷɨһͷҹ棬ֱӽ֮ķ顣
СӣֲˬĲ䣺ղŲүȵͦʹ
첻ͷåƽߡ
䣡
һۼ׵Ĵ߳ͷϾһǣȥ׶
ӣţֱӳѹһɿ񱩵硣
粽ϣͽֹɱһȥ
ۣ
ռһ𣬴ֱӱҵķѣѪķ
ۣСӣСô˵Ҳͨ죬ȻһƾͱˣȱүеĻЩʲô˵ĵر壿
첻ǰߡ
Ʋ죬Сӣ˵֮䣬öһЩ
첻˵ǰߣƿһСɽǰ
һǰĵѿͷ紩ɽװаֳ˫۶Ѫ죬ֽһ
һͽӭϣƣͷаֳС
ߣʪЩ棬ʱʱ͵
Σһ룬ٴοڣСӣ֮ǰڳǱģ̫һˣһͨСʿôǵ񱦣
֪
Ӧ
Ʋ죺ֲģǡ˵ţֿͰ͵ĵܸܲܲܰүΪ

⵹ʵȷʵǱ񽣣ϣȫǿԼ顣
Դùߵģүôô࣬㲻
ɽߣͻȻӵصðҲЩɻ󣺡֮ǰôӵðģһֱǸط˶٣˵ߣ
˹ү˭Ҫߣ
ĵ
ȭͷ뽫֮ץһ١
ֵ֮ǰǼһүѰ˼ӦһǷıԹһ
һ۷ĺޣڵص
㶮ƨȤȥͨӿ𣿡
Ʋ졣
ǲ˵ˣһͷаȥ
Ƭɽܶ࣬۸ӣٵطɫĿľԵ÷ǳУɫԵúƽú˺ܳһξ롣
䣡
ʱԶǿʢܲƬɽھҡ
ʱӰ֣ԶսȻǾʥӺ͹ʥӡ
ʥֳһʯ֯⣬һɨգɽʯԵúֲܿŹʥŭȣ²ݻң
ʥߣгһڹǵɢɫĹâʯײ
춢ǰʥȷʵǳǿƲ٣ͬʱԷѪҲʮֻ񣬺ܾˡɨһۣĿڹʥϣâ屾ǵжԣң֮ǰ˻ѪҪɱʱٴμȻʲôɫɱ⡣
Сӣˣ
˳Ŀ⣬ҲǶס˹ʥӡ
û˵ʲôֻǵͷ
ǻԥʲôȻǵˣǾһ֣ɣڣֵǧʲôһ͵˽ʲô˾׵ģɵģ
ԣɵ¶Цһ㣬ǵ뷨ǳһ¡
䣬ŲһΣһתʥӺ;ʥӵսС
ʥӺ͹ʥӶһƫͷ
㣡
ʥӱɫ
ĮȭŹʥһȭ£㵽
ˣ
һȭƴѹһƬռ䣬ľʥӶɫ
ʥɫɭ䣬һּ䣬ɫͷһ޴Ĺȭȭͷݺѹ¡
飡
ǿʱ䱬һŴĿۣܵĿռһ
ʥӵĹȭը飬ͬһʱ䣬ȴҲһȭ
ͷͦӲҿĹͷж٣

һܼ򵥣ǻȭŹʥ¡
˵һٴͬһǿı˰㡣
С̬
ۣΪǣֱǸ
ʥӼɫ壬γһʵĹǽȭͷͬһʱ䣬ǽвٹì̴ռ䣬һ֧֧ʸɱ
Įֻһȭӭϣһưƣһìڹǽϡ
һǽķѣʹ
ϣһ˫ȭͷգÿһȭӳ֮š
ʥӴӳԾлعһҲǶˣʯֶݺݳŹʥȥ
սһ
ʥɫòôÿֻ̧Ӷǵ
㡣
컰򵥣һȭѹ£С


727 ǿƼ
ǵȫըһȭ飬ɫǷۣ׷쪵Ʈɢ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥӵĴѹ˹һ£ʮɿֲ쫷磬һСɽͷˡ
ǣ
ʥɫͬʱ;ʥӣȻǿҲӦˣͷ·ѹһʯ
䵭һȭѹ£̵֮Ʒ¡
ʥӻӭϣٴȭͷײһ
ˣ
ͲʥӻӶʯʮ˵⣬ÿһ̺ž˵ɱʥ·ضϡ
лһĨâʮ˵ϣ˲Ϣʥӽǰ
ʥӱɫ㡭
飡
ȭͷڹʥӸֱӴһѪѪˮ֮ϡ
Įûͣٴο粽ǰȥ
ҹħ
һԹʥӿд
һվܼɫڳһͷͷߵСˣ̺ž㤵ɱ죬ͬʱҲӭľʥɱȥ
ɫĮһչݻɱܼ⽣֯϶͵ĳǰѹ¡
첻ϴʥӼСħһһ飬ȫɳ
ʥӿ粽㽫ʥӸΪ롣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿ棬һֲ⣬ֱƬռһζʯ˽ʱϢķѡ
ʥӵ˴ù;ʥһΧɱʱʱش
ɫĮֻһ˫ȭΪңּ磬󿪴ϣʥӱƵһˡ
Сӣˡ
ͻȻ
ԶӰӲͬķŮϢǿͬһʱ䣬󣬻һЩǿʿ嵽ͨΡ
һʱ䣬˲ɵöͣ˶֡
ƫͷȥʱһȳֵӰУסһ췢꣬ΪѪһżУɱձӶݡ
ѪȻҲ죬жʱһĨѪ֮⣺㣡
ʱһЩʿҲɫϳ졣
Ǹˣ
壬壬Ӱ͹嶼׷ɱȻط
ҲΪ
Ⱥȡ
ȻЩ˵Щ죬漴ĵСӣô׶ͬʱĸ壿˵˵Щʲô񹲷ߵ£
ôϣĮӭѪѪ⡣
λǼ¡һ𣬹ʥָ죺һöѪͨɾ£κ˵õֱһС̨׵Ϊ
ʲôѪ޾ľı
Ⱥ𾪡
һ˲䣬˵Ŀⶼϡ
ʥЦɨһ죬һʿѪףѵõĵرλĪҪʧᡣ
Ӷʱһʥӡ
ӴȥС˵գҪսǿϰ
ۡ
طʿܶ࣬ʱжɫȫס죬оâҲ̰ȴû˶ЦЩ˼֪Ĵţն˼ɱ˺ü벽ǿߣʮ֧壬ͨʿ˭ȥȺˣǴǸԼҲڡ
û˶ʥ΢΢˫ۣٴοڣλλᣬҪѰһöѪɾûôˡ
лһĨɱ⣬ʲôҲûУֱӿ粽˹ȥȭɱ
ʥЦЩµ͹ˣӶǵնһƬӭϡ
ҪĶ
ʥӺȵʯϣһɱʥӡ
䣡
һʱ䣬Ƭɽ𶯣һɱһƣɽʯѡ
ҲʱһʴԵڹֱȥ
ȳУһվ˳һȥϴЦ⣬ɢһɼΪǿܲ
ǡʥӣ
ǣҪ˵Ѫ
⡭
Ⱥ졣
ʥݣгһ֧Ȩȣϱ鲼ķӡ
Ѻǿһԡ
ʥЦ
̧֣һƽʥɱڹ飬˹ȥ
ᱦ

ֻʵѣʱۣһЩ˵ѿɲҪԹޡ
ʥۣеȨϣЩӡø
һɭɭС˵Ͷαƨˬ
ſͷ
һȭʥӣͬһʱ䣬гһɽһ仰ҲûУֱʩչ콣һĽâ͸أ˲ʥǰ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ʥֱӱᴩѪȾա
ܣʿʱɫ
ǿ
˶¡ǿʥӣȻһ㱻ᴩˣ
䣬ʥӣһһӰɽֱӱʥӡ
ﬣ
̶ɽ콣ɨնһ˵ɳȥʥתۼС
ʥؿȾѪʱѾû˸ոճʱЦֱӱɫȻû뵽ôǿһҵĹɱ
ѣ

һһɱϢӿһɺɫӿϣϯ졣
ûʲô仯ɽٴһƬ콣âѹ¡
ۣ
ʥӴæӭܹù콣תۼֱһᴩ
ѪˮУٴ˱ɫ
ԶʼֵУһӶ죬оâ˸Ƿʥӡͬһʱ䣬ʼֵУŮӿһ𣬹ϵƺҲڶ죬ж֮⣬ΪѩʥŮʵǿ
ﬣ
һֳɽʩչ콣Ľâϯ𶯳գƵʥһˡ
ÿµĽâ⣬ʲô
ƬǰûȽ
ˡ
ľ
˿̣о콣һʿĲΪ콣
ͷȣСӣѧĽүû
첻Ʒɽ߶콣ݿ࣬նһС
ۣ
һΣʥӱɨɳǱ
ֽٴαϡ
ͻȻһ£֮ǰѪɫռ콣һγ֣Ҫȡ꣬ȡһУӶȡ콣ʥҲ޹ʶ֣ѪȻ棬
飡
նƬâǚiʥߣֱһȽ֮ɨɳȥ
ʥڵסΣձ࣬Ȩȱš
ɱ
ŭһʥӻţǴʼǱѳһǿӿʩչӭ졣
ͬһʱ䣬һѪˣһӳѪâʥһɱ졣


728 նһ
ǿһɱֱݺᣬ볯ѹ£һƬƬɱâ
⡭ѪҲ
Ⱥȡ
ѪѪһ飬ˡ
ʥȨȣչһȦڹȥ
䣡
ǿߣһȻܾˣ𺳡
ıûʲô仯ֻЩɽһ콣ޣһ˵콣ɨ
СӣҲǶսһǸһˡ
ֻ
ޱ飬һսʲô
סѪĮϴߣΣ㲻лᡣ
粽ϣһ콣ٶն¡
󣬺һһ¯ڳʼһֱɢƵ
Ʒ
Ⱥһ
¯һռȣӿ֯ⷽա
ѪĵһƷѣʲôһһѪȻ¯ϢЩҲû̫ࡣ
Ʒ
ʿ
ƷƷ߼ͬһΣ໥Ʋಢ
ᦣ
ʥɭȻһᦣĹ˸
һƷ
Ѫ𶯣ԣƷԼâʢӭ¯
ֱƹȥ
䣡
һ汦֣ꪸâ˸âʢ
˱һʱ¶ȵı顣
Ʒǿ
⡭ı˹ȥ
ȻһƿƷʶô𣿣
Ⱥ𺳡
䣡
񱩵ѹӿƷһѹŤ
ʥӺѪʱЩɫֶܿɭ
ͬʱƿƷ֧Ŷã
Ѫ
ƿغʹ߶ҪķѴͬʱ߶ڵһƷεĵĿǷǳ˵ġ
֧ŵɱ㣬㹻ˡ
ĮϣɽնƬ콣âԿر߶汦ӭʥӣԼֱӴ߶¯Ѫնȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ûжٱֱʩչĴɽӣҶݺѪɫѷ죬Ȫʥͬһɻĺ㳯Ѫӿȥһͼһӿ֡
һ񱩵ϢطʿԱɫȫƸסˣɫԴ䡣
ѪȻǶݣһѪӭ¯ͬʱѪĺХ£һͷ޴Ӱһֺ°ϡ
䣡
ǿײƬɢ֯ʮֹâ䣬̳ûһƬա
Ѫˣɫ΢ס
Ҳʱ̳У춥һͼ˳ɽһһĽâն쵽£ǿ졣
ۣ
һѪ˳Ѫһֱֱӱж£ʱŭХҽС
һĻһľԱǿ
Ųͣ¯ѹסѪһͷͼʱѪתȥңԼбϣȭӰâϻһʱѪֻʵֵԵЩǱѹŴһĳˡ
ѣ㡣
ʥӿ˹
ɫĮüļâ֯󽣳ʥӱɫ˳ȥʮԶͬһʱ䣬Ӷȭһȭѹձ顣
ۣ
Ѫһֱ۱һȭ飬Ѫը
࣡
ѪѪâʢһͷɸߵѪǣһſֲѪâ֮УܵսڽŤ񱩵Ļ˱ɫ
Ҳʱһ콣ƺƵڳ쾪ء
һ

ǰ죬ֳɽϿգɽһ⡣
ɱ
Ѫ𣬿ѪâһУɱ졣
˫۱䣬ɽһ貵Ľâ
䣡
Ѫâͽײһ໥͵ܱߵһ̮󣬽ƿѪâݴ֮ϵ־۵һᴩѪͷ­ڣķѣֱը鿪
һʱ䣬Ⱥǲɵһ
Ѫˡ
˶¡
Щ˶죬ͷǲɵÿһС
ʱһߴսĹʥӺ;ʥҲɵͣ볯
ԶʥоâʢʥŮѩʥŮȡ
Сӣǰ;漴ֿڣٺֱЦ˵ǽʲô̽ү
첻һУԶѪ˹ֱӽϵѪӡĨȥʯС
漴ƫͷʥӡ
ˡ
ĵ
һ¯âʢֱӳʥѹ˹ȥͬ汦һһһҹɱʥӡ
ʥӶʱɫƷһѹɲǿЦġ
ŭ
ᦴ𶯣Ѫâʢ
Լ䣬һӰг˫ͫһƬ죬Ϣʮ㡣
ǣ
𣬱һİ벽ǿ߶Ҫǿһ˿
徹ȻӡһУ
ʿȡ
һ̣Щٴ𾪡
ﬣ
Ӷ콣ͬʱ߶ƷϣֱӽʥӴлĹѹըңͬһʱ䣬ڵѹϣᦱ顣
⡭ãÿµս
ļ¡
Ʒһѹϣ̫ͬ㣬ʥѹ¡
ʥɫ䣬־ŭХһԱԴԼһĴͨ
䣡
񱩵ĳ⽻֯ʮ
۵һʥӺɳȥһֱ۱鲼ѺۣĹͷܿ
䣬ٴο粽ѹϡ
֮ڶӶ콣âɨʥӡ
ʥӱɫһ߼ͨѹ죬һ߳źȥ濹⡣ʱƿƷԲǶֻ֣ˡ
ԣ

ʱʥɫһͣѿ
ûƷʲôͱʥӶ
ʥ
ûǣһǶ֡
䡣
ֽӡͼֶͬʱɽ콣ʮաңƷԿر߶ƺƵѹʥӡ
ʥӿˣͬʱǿӭϡ
䣡
񱩵Ļ˳ʥӵֱͨӽ֮ɨɳȥʮԶڿѪ룬Ǳ㡣
䣬ɽâʢ콣âҵ˼㣬Ҫʥն¡Ȼһ̣ݣʶڵȻҡҷһƺڰɫ⣬ֱָµĵ档
ͬһʱ䣬ѣСӣˣжҪˣ


729 µ
ûԥһգƷֱӺˣԶ
ˣ
ô£
֣һȥǿɱʥ˰
ʿ⡣
Ȼһ̣Ƭ𶯣췽ڣѿѺ˲Ϣ鲼ͬ֩һӳȥһɼΪϢ·
رȻ̮¶һѶѵʬǣͬһʬ㣬ŨҵĸƮƬռ˼Ż
ǣ
£ôôʬǣ
⡭
ʿ𾪣˶ʬǶһ𣬵Ĵսж༤Ұ
һ̣ǹʥӵȳǿߣҲǱɫ϶¶Щ𺳡
춢µĴƬʬǣҲľ漴һ̣ɫһ䣬ǳɶѳɶѵʬУжƶʬȺҪ·
ж
طȻʿҲע⵽һĻ
ʿԶݡ
󣬺һֻ˲ѣƬʬͻȻһɴ忪߸ߴĸʬվã˺ɫë
ǣһʿһоļ¸С
𣡡
վĸʬ˻𣬶ʱ䣬һɿµɢĽϽļͨʿ˲䱻飬ѪҺ͹ȫɹȥһͷʬ뵽С
һʱ䣬͵ĹХ𣬴̶а
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
طмʿ飬Ѫȫɡ
ͷʬǶʬп˳ܣͬҰһɱת۾˺˼ͨɼʿѪȫɵˡ


һ֣ɱǣ
ʿŭ
ʱƬͨâһͷʬѹȥƬռһҡΡ
СӣɿǿߣûܶԸˣ
졣
΢漴ͷֱӲǚiˡ
ʱȻỳĻô˵ҲĴڣܻῴңʶеҡҷʾҲ˱ܡ
ٶȺܿ죬ͬһɫ磬ת۱ƶʮԶ뿪
һߣʥӿӿѪҲڵһʱߡͬһʱ䣬ʥӣʥӣʥӣʥŮѩʥŮȺ롣һȺˣûһߣܵıǲ߸ʬĿ£ѡ˱ܡ
𣡡
Х̶ͷѹɱǰһֱ鲻ʿ
漴ͷͬǼҰްܣһʿԵʳ

ҽʿץסҧϺ漴һѪţת۱ǻһ߸ʬ
Ӱ
֪˭ִһʱһʿٶߣ˷ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ǚiǾˣתۿ˺ԶûãǸоɿֲϢƽɵƫͷȥһʱһͷУͷ׷ٶȾǲ
ȻҲˣʱۣСӣ㶼Щʲôȱ£ʿкüʮˣɳͷУȻͷ׷
ôٶᣬӶݡ׷ͷǿ澳ǿߣΪôܿˣɿаҲû˿ãǿȼĹԿֻһǾ
׷׷׷ˣٶٿЩСӣүɲ뱻ʬ̵
С
ת̫ľɫʢٶȡ
Ȼаٶ̫ˣֻǿűҲڵصǚi
ģƽʬۣҪү۷״̬һ۵Сˣ

𣡡
𣡡
׷ͷ죬һڷ磬ʴƬա
СӣҲǵùߵģһ룬ͷʮʿȴȻͷ׷ǺεƷΪеʹ
һ߶׷ͷһ̾Ϣ
ҧгݣٸҷϻ㶪ȥ
ʱ˵ˣʵʵſͷϣקͷЩ
𣡡
ͷ˻𣬹ͫѪƵ׷ǰ졣
ҧ̫ľתĸ죬صǚi߶ޣٶȸ졣
ȻˣȴҲǲ˦ͷ
˦ȴҲǲͣΪͣǾˡ
ܣһƬƬʪأת۱һӹȥ
ʱǰĿͻȻºŵ̧֯ͷȥԶǳһƬްڣֲţ˿˿
ǣ
һĻһ
һƬɭĵص׿ռ䣬Ȼһްڣ
𣡡
𣡡
Ѫ죬ǰ׷תۼ佫ľ١ҲʱͷƺҲǰޣͻأһǾǲԼͬͣ¶־Ĺâٿǰ
ȻһĻһʱȻ֮ǰ׿Ĳ˵ͷ澳ǿߣ˿ȴȻͻȻͣȻڲͣĲ
ƺǷйأ
ǰƬޡ
ԣ
ͷ
ͷ׿ڿ޺ͣ˺Ǹطйء
ۣòбС˸аɣ˵⻰ͻȻ̾Ϣ̵ģүǺεȻԻͣȴֻССƨ׷ڻɵôһССޣ裬
죺
ǰޣֱȥʮҡҡͷ
ӡ
ǰʶڵƽûԤס
ǣҪȥ
ʵ
ȥΣɨͷѡ𣿡
ǲ˵ˡ
ҲԥŲһΣƬ޿ܿǿ޽ǰ
޽ǰеŨˣ˲һַɸС
Уµĵȴʪһ滨ţǲ࣬졣
ſͷ߳һֳۣұ߳һۣƬޡ
ˣ
ʱ޵ĵͻȻ𶯣һλóҫۡ
˲Ϣ䣬ɫ
⣬ǰĳǵ⣬ֱһģһ
壡
УǼವһͷԾ𣬳λóȥ
Ȼɣоâ֯صǚiһ˲ϢʮԶ
תۼ䣬ʮȥͬʱƬ޵λãֻǰһԵ𣬳嫲񷣬Եޱ׳ۣʮռ䶼һΣһɵʥϢ֯ڿУһһ𺳡
رһǳر
˫۷ֱ
ģ鵭ɢ¶âµݡ
ǣ
һ㶡
ȥɢ¶ɢ㣬¾Ȼһö潻֯һ硣


730 ʥ
ɢɳеö鶼㶵ģԭΪӦĳڳرģȴ룬·Ȼһö
ˣ
ʱɳö浰ͻȻ⣬һ𣬸貣дһޱʥĲ֯ķⷽռø
Ⲣûгãܿٴʧ
춢ɳе浰Ǿɫ⡭ò̥ɣ
ۣòƣЩ񡣡
һһֱֱĶλõ浰Ȼûзر˿ȴҲǺöԲһ㡣
Щ磬ʶ𣿡
ָŵϵЩ粢£ȴôҲ
ӣκҡͷʶ
ʶɨһۣ㵱۷徳ⶼʶһȥˣ
ʱۣСӣ죬ǣܱܲôԵү˵
첻ˣĿö浰ϣϵܼ򵥣ʮȴǿǴʲô
ˣ֮⵰򵥣ö˫ۺŹ⣺ˣүΪ϶ָܻ١˵ţ˫һ𣬾˲Ϣ˹ȥתۼöԱߣŴЩſھҪǵȥ
춯ݣæֹס
飡
û˵꣬浰һȦΣһɳȥǱĹʮɶԶ໵һҺ
죺
Һֱȥֵķ˻±СſͷʹʹʹүоͷҪɢˣģö˵ȻԶ壬ݲүˣ@#%
Цջסˡ
ǰö˶ٺȥ
ʱһۣλƵķһЩȻܿ˿
ɻ󣺡ǣ
үڲʲôλá

űߵһʯͷֱӶ˹ȥ
ߴٵСӣ㣬үɳȥˬӢˡ
ðߣ뽫Ʀץʹһ١
գƫͷȥôǰöĸ
ۿϵеת
һᣬȴǿס
Сӣ㣬ſҧȻɣ
ںߴ١
ȭͷɿֱåǰĵ
Զ˶٣̽ȥǰĵ
ΪղɣԣʱԵúСģֱȥڵϡ
ˣ
̼䣬ϵɢһԡ
ʱЦֻı飺ɰɣɰɣķɰɣ
ˣ
ϣ緢Ĺâҫۣ·˰㣬ȫ
һȦȦʥν֯ö⻯৵뵽ڡ
ĴЦȻֹɴ۵ǰ
Ҳסˣɫʱ΢䡭öȻܵȥˣ
ʶɨӣǵк󣬾ȻֱԴԱߣıԴһҲһ
⡭
΢΢ü
ǵܵڲ˵ȻԴԱߣЩ
Ŀǰ˵£ʵô£
ӴлعԿ϶öڣһһС飬ĳЩ֣Ѻ󣬶ὫԣĵطѡȻ󣬶κԣԴŨǵڣԴԱߣǡ˵ͻȻֱۣŶӿЦСһ㽫
Ϻ߱鲼
ˣ
ʱԴԱߣٴɢԣ֯ʥâһůĸоͬһʱ䣬ƺһѽͬһСڻںĴк΢
˶٣᲻ʲôõӰ죿
ԭ뽫ڵĵȡһȴǸˡҲһûиӰ졣
Цֱκֹסһӣ˵ûУƽռǼȡ΢ȻԴʱһЩûκθӰ죬
ͷá
ɨһԼڵ浰ҡҡͷ⡣
СӣүȻºܻ֣ҲҪ֪öͬһ㣬СһԻ죬ԳΪĳǿ
бһۣ˵
ɨƬޣߣȴûѰʲô
߰ɡ
գûͣȥ
ſͷͣ߶šֱ֣뽫֮ץݺݲϼš
ܿ죬߳ޣ֮ǰͷѾˣûԥ׼뿪
ҲʱǰһȺӰӸͬķȻϤӰʥӺ͹ʥӡ
ʥӺ͹ʥȻҲ죬нɱӿ㣡
ңɡ
Ц
ûˣֱӶסʥӺ͹ʥӣɱڡ
ʱһλϣһߴӿĿϣԵԵǷ߳Ķȡˣߴӳһ߱۰򣬼ͬʵһַǳǿµĹһ㡣
ɨһۣʥӺʥӡ
ߴӼ쾹жʱ仮һĨ⣺㻰
һһɿϢƬռ䶼һ¡
΢΢˫ۣ촫ͨɾ졣
ʯ֣˾еǸˣŰ裬κ˶Сһ𣬹ʥӿڣ֮ǰǵӦþǴڳƬ߳Ҳ֪ĶضѾȡˣ
Ӵ̵ģС˵
ˬ
ɨ˹ʥһۣɱڡͬһʱ䣬ӹʥӿеġʯ֣֡ҲԼµ˸ߴӵݣʯ壬ʯеĵλӦòͣ򣬹ʥӲܻԡʯ֡ƺԷ
ʵϣĲ²ȷߴȷʵΪʯ壬Ϊʯһʥӡ
ǰһϲ񷣬嶼ܿ˲ʿʯȻҲ˸ϵһʥˣΪɢĶţöֳǵ⣬Ľ뵽Ƭص׿ռ˶ˣʯʥӣʥӺʥȸϵط
ʥʱڣĵʯ֣ǵѵĻܷ뿪
ʯʥлһĨâסǰһֻ֣


731 ֱ۸
ʯʥԵúܰԵ䣬ͬǵһ
쵭ĮɨʯʥӣԼҲڡ
䣬½ĿڹʥӺʥϣеɱһ㲻ڡ
ǰһƬ涼Ϊ֮һ
⡭
ʯʥӣʥӺʥ⣬һЩʿߵǴͨɲΣ˿̼ƺҪԹʥ˶֣ǰһ
ʯʥӿǰһһɰӿطһɿ쫷磬ֱѹȥҪȡĶɻ죬ʯʥɫ䣬ͬһۻʰ㡣
̵ģȻүţˬСӣϣѾģ

ʯʥѭȥסͷҵӺ䣺棡
@#ŭҸү棬ȫҶ棡

ʯʥлһĨ⣬һֱ̧ץͷ
һʯʥӵ̽Ƭնҡǿˡ
ʯ壬壬壬Ƕǿʯ壬ǿ¡ʿС˵ʯʥΪʯǧɫţͨɾأȴ˵ѾԺʹǿ߿⣡
ǣܺʹǿ߿⣿
ôţ
ʿԾ
һʱʯʥӵĴѾǰ
㣡
ʯʥĶͷֱ죬ץȥ
ϼһ˵һһ壬Եᡣ
ʱڡ
ʯʥӵĴѹǰʱŶֱ֣һȭ
⡭ʯʥཻ棿
̫ˣ
ɱ벽ǿߣڴϣʯʥȴҲǾž޴Ĳడôðʧ
ʿü
һ̣ȭײһ𣬷һ
ʿҡͷ¹Ƶ⡭
ʿ˵꣬ǼһӰźˣȻʯʥӣʱֹס˽Ļֱӵɴ˫ۡ
⡭
ǣʤʯʥӣ
Ȼ֮ǰҲ˵Ǻǿ󣬵ǡȻôǿ𣿣ʯʥǿ
طʿһ̣ȴǱǰһĻסˡ
Сӣˬ
н
ʯʥӺԶסΣĿϣԵø˼֣ܵסһƣ˼
ԼǵסˣĮǽѹˡ
ʿӣʵйǿƣƬǿ֮һʯʥӣȻǺ˶٣ЩֶȻˣǰλǻ˳ʮ壬ǿƣʵ̫ˡ
ʯʥߴһͷڷԣһħԣĻһһɸǿĿϢӿͬҪɱ
Ǿԣ˭ǿգֻܱɱң
ʯʥɱ졣
䣬ʯʥֱӿ죬ȭͷͬһɳ㣬ݺݳȥ
һֱһ쫷ϯܡ
طʿܹĸоһȭĿ£˲ɵĲ
ʧܵġ
鵭Į
ԭزֱʯʥӿŶ֣ɫȭͷֱ̧ӭϡ
ˣ
ֻȭײһֱӱܵĿռ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬˽µĵ涼Ǳѣһѷ쳯˷ӡ
ʯʥӿХͷڷ裬ͬһͷѷӡҰް㣬һȭӳһȭ
ɫƽɫչΣɫȭͷһһκӭ϶Է
飡
飡
飡
ȭײռһ̮
ң쫷磬Ϊ˵ȭƶϯʮ
⡭
ˡֱֱ
Ǳ̬
һЩʿǱǸסˣڳȥ
飡
ʯʥӵͺ𣬺ڷӳ֣һƬ񷡣
ȭӭϣƽ
ݵĽ棬Ѿо˶Էǿȷʵܿ£ֻǴվ޷оʲôѹϣ첻š
Σ
ʯʥӺڷԵһȭѹ£ҪһС
˸һĨâȭâ֯յĸЩӭϡ
䣡
ֻȭͷײһ𣬿Ĵ첻ͣ
⻪ܣ漴һ̣ʯʥӵξֱ˳ȥһײԶһʯϣֱӽʯķѣʯء
ʿһĻһ棬ȫʯʥӣˣ
Σ
򵹷ɳȥʯʥӣӡ
ʯʥԵЩǱ˿˵ġΡӭǵȸӵ񣬶ʱһһɱٳ˳
ܺãǳãҪѪˮ
һ񱩵ӿֶط涼Ϊ֮
ʯʥǰâҫۣܵĿռһΪ֮Ť
ˣ
һħɽ𣬺죬ɽӡ
һ˿ѹӭʯʥӵͨо˶ԷʵȹʥӺʥҪǿ˲١
һ˿ѹȴ㲻ʲô
ûж˵ʲôһչԻĴɽӣֱӭϡ
һǿײħɽ飬Ĵɽ飬Ҳһѿ
ѪˮɣȡȡĶ
ʯʥ絶
䣡
纣ХһƬʯʥԻϣ졣
һ֮еһж飬ǿʥӺʥӶΪ֮ɫһ
޹ҵˣû˭к³
Į
ֽ̧ӡչһǿϢʮռ䶼ҡ
䣡
ǿǿײطһ޴ķˡ
ת̫ľսʯʥӣʮķ۾Ȫʥ֮߶콣ֱһնʯʥӴǵˡ
漴ವһһʯʥǰһȭ£һνʯʥҵĺɣڿһĿѪҺ
һĻĲʿһ⡭ʯʥӣֱɨˣ
ʯʥӳХҷߴͬʯһ㣬һħԣ𶯳һĺ

죬ӷǳ䣬ɱⰻȻ
ǾԿ
ƽ
וּһгһɽ콣նһ˵콣â˷ʯʥѹȥһ¯ɳ汦֣ꪸжͭӡѪǶµѪڵԱâԿر߶ͬʱѹʯʥӡ

һϢ֯ɲһƬա
ƷƷ⡭
طһȺʿ˲ɵۣȻֱƷƷһѹʯʥӣֱǡ۸˰


732 ͽֶ
ƷƷͬһ㣬ʼһֱɢ嫵ĵƬռ𶯣ĸͬĽǶȳʯʥѹȥ
ʯʥӵɫ㡭
һԣܲɱҡ
쵭Į
һĿڵ뷢⣬ƸǿգͬĿڻԴȪ㡣
⡭
жྪ˰
󣡡
ʿ𺳡
ʯʥӴһʯʵḥ̂ҲǹâʢƼǿ
Ʒ
˵ʯ壬ʥʹ壬壬ڶƷʯ彫֮һ͸һʥӻ𣿡
ɣֻһƷǲ
˵
ʯʥӼʯḥ̂ƽûκλڵһѹ¡һ޴ĺʯʥӵƷֱӱɳȥ
˫ʵһڵڵԿôõ
ʿС
¯汦ꪣͭӡѪڵ¡Ӹѹ£Ͻʯʥӵĵẖ̂ɣʹʯҲǲͣˣɫЩ΢ס
ϣ㲻ǺܰԵ𣬲ҪɱΪһˣ
ʯʥӵɫüΪ࣬һХ纣˰
ɱ㣡
𣬼ǿʯƬɱ⽻֯Ƭռ䣬ѹ¡
ĿڵһζƺҪƷȥһЩʿļ£ʯʥӹܿ£ʯǧĶţȻ㺳Ŀڵ
ɱ
ʯʥӴ𣬺ڷ裬һ˵ħԣٴγһ޴ħɽ
ƬռһŤħɽ̮ѡ
Դˣıûа仯
ʯʥǺǿ󣬲ܵסĿڵ鵭Į̫ľתĿڵٴιâţֱӽʯʥӵͨȫ
飡
Ʒͭӡƿ񻪣ڵڻ£ݺײʯϣɳȥʮԶڱǽѪӲֱӱײ顣
Σ
ɫĮЯڵٴѹ¡
ʯʥͷңѾɢ˿ԵøǱˣ˿֣˫жʱ˵׹⣺ϣ⣡һɱ㣡ʯͨչ
Цڵ˵⡣
ۣ
ʯʥٴαײɣһ첲㱻飬Ѫ
⡭
ڵһܵˡ
ǰ
ʿҡͷ
ſͷһֱצָʯʥӣ໴УСӣϣҪ˴ϢĻᣬҪ
ʿ
粽еɽһ콣âɨն˻ġ
粽ϣĮʯʥӣڵһѹ¡
䣡
䣡
ʱɵӰɱ
ʥӳᦣʥͷһɫǵƷ
ڵΪսʵӣʯ֣ҵ㡣
ʥĵ
ʥеɱڣɱ
䣡
˵ʵȻ˿̳ɫʱƬռٴαһŷ籩
ʿһǣҪսһ𣿣
ʿ죬⡭ڵĿڵ˶һˣһˣھԲλð
ģСˡ

ʯʥվӿѪͷɢԵø׿ˡ죬ʯʵĥԴչֱӳѹ˹ȥʱŤƬա
ߣ
ʥЦɫǵһ𣬵ɫɱ⡣
ʥЦת⣬Եڤһ㣬ǿ¡
䣡
ǿߣڱһʵνֲˡ
⣬ǰĺڷҲǱԵúĮûٿʯʥӣƫͷס˹ʥӺʥӡ
ǣ
ĵ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
£̶ıϣͭì֣иյдӡԻгꪳһڱ֣ɢǿʢ貹â
һʱ䣬ܵĿռڽŤͬ˰ϯʮ
ǣ
㣬һټ
⡭ͬʱƿôôܣ
ʿԴ󾪡
ȻʯʥӣʥӺʥҲǱɫһĻסˡ
ĮĿڵâţɱϢ졣
㡭
ʥдžɫ
춢ˣûаɣֱӿ˹ȥʱʯʥӡ
ѪҪɱּνսܲ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ͭӡѹƹʥӵĹǵʮһѹԷ
һʱ䣬ɱϢ֯ϣʥ֡
ʥɫ䣬һ쵶ǣΪһںĴ
ĮһչĴɽӣҶݺѪɫѷȣʮƵĳŹʥѹ¡
ۣ
˶󣬹ʥӵĺɡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮѹƣܹʥȫ⣬ȴǲȫһڳìᴩؿڣʺѪˮա
ɱ
ʯʥͷڷ裬г׹⺮âͬҰһ㣬ѹ졣
һ˲ѣԿر߶¯汦ꪣ֮ǣ
ͬһʱ䣬ѪâţӭʥӣϳŶԷɱ

ʥɷ֯䡣
ʱˣ䣬ٴγŹʥѹ¡
ﬣ
ʮɱ󣬽ķռȫ֣ŭ¡
ʥɫúѿȫʩ졣
һչâƵ˺գѹأ졣
ʩչ漴һͼ֣֯һƬƬâһͼѹʥӣʮʮɱһͼѹʥӵɫǵϴͭӡڼ䲻ݷӡɫǵϣʱҴ
ʥӵɫŭҶұ£ȫ߶ķɫǵһĳλĹɣȥֻǣŸոתķʮʮѹ˹ɫǵңһͼɹĴ󲿷ͨ
ͭӡѹɫǵӡϵһӡͼرתһͺȣâʢ䣬ϵĹʥӵľӡĨϴԼʶӡǣ֮Լͷһ䣬ɫâʮ
⡭
ᡭ˹ʥӵƷ
ǿ
ʿͷһ
ԶʥӿѪˣɫʱޱɫǵȻˣʧȥ˶ƿȨ
ң
ŭֱʩչһȦȦĹâƵʮʱ䣬Ƭɭĵص׿ռڣ۶һʮɸߵİ׹Ǿˡ
Զϱʿͷһİͨħ


733 նʥ
ʮɸߵĹħ˷ԲʮɿռڵпݹǣһƸ⣬ɢһɶšɢϢȴҲǿˡ

ʥŭ𣬴߶ʮɹħɱ죬ͬʱԼڳһƬƬǸӵʮɹħ֮ϣʹħøӿ£ʿɵ볯ˡ

ħɱ죬ÿһ£涼Ὺѣر³ҡ
ĮǰڷƮš
ˣ
תرȫתͭӡ͸ոնɫǵڵһѹ¡
˲䣬Ƭضڻζ
ƷâţĿرȫת£ֱӽʮɸߵĹħײķѣĹʥӵŵŵŵĺˡ
粽ϣƷٴη貹âƺƵĳŶԷѹ¡
ʥŭ𣬳ͨͬʱٳȥ
ͣ
һ죬ʥӳ֮ͨʱ顣
Ʒ̫ͬ㣬Ĵ߶£Ǻһѹ䡣
ʥɫ䣺ס
ۣ
䣬Ʒȫ߶ڹʥϣĹʥӱķѣѪˮһƬƬĴ£ɫ׹ڵ档
һʱ䣬Ⱥɫ
ʥӣɱˡ
һʿ죬ͷնɱǿĹʥӣȻҲɱֱһˣúһĵٴδ𶯡
ʥľʯʥҲǱɫŶãʥӱ㱻նˡ
Сӣɵĺã

ƫͷʮϣڵסһߵʥӡ
һƬĮʥӶʱһ㡭
ˣ

ûκγɣϣͭӡ͹ǵâʢǣᦵѪҲǷѪâͬһʱ䣬ʮܣԼ
䣡
һֹɱƣϯƬգʿסˡ
ʥȻҲǱɫһûʲôԥĴͨһһĴͬʱʯʥӴ󺰣ʯ֣˲£ձضһ
ʯʥ۽Կ߶ʯʯʵƷĥ̷¯汦ꪣʮЯâɱ⳯
¡

ӡɫͼʣͬʱƷ߶ĸǿʯʥӶݵʹ֮޷뵽ǰ޷ɱʥӡ
ʥɫ䣬ᦴɢǿĲ¿ֲһ󣬾ȻֱӲ첽Զߡڵʮһѹǵ̫ھˣѿˡ
Ӳˣ
Įصǚiʩչ˲Ǵ׷ʥӡ
һʮնʥӶݵ·ȫ漴Ʒҫ۵ɱ⣬ʥѹ¡
飡
ʥᦵֵ˵ǱĺɣһѪ
ڿУӡѹϣԿرĨϵʶӡת۽֮ԼУʶӡǺԼһڵ
ʥӾŭӣ̹ʥ֮ƷȻҲˣ

ûн컹ᦣٴβزԶߡиĵˣȴǳ֣⻹ôȥֵ
ȫʩΪʮöͱԴ۶ͷƮԷعԴ׷ɱ
ǡĶ귨󣬿ɶȡ꣬꣬ǳµһ
ˣ
ͷ﷢Ӱ˵ǣ
мϱʿ
粽ϣʥӼø䣬ѪɫռʱһҪȡꡣʮſͷ­һļƷʮ·ֱӽʮſͷն顣
ʥֱܴӿѪ
Ҳʱŵصǚiٴο˹

飬رתļƷʮԱâ˷Ŀռȫ֣ͬʱʥѹ£ֻĶԷһʺ;ֵĲҽУ۵һѪؼ䡣
סʥӣҲɱˣ
Ⱥ̿֡
壬壬ɶǾڵĵڶεĴʯ壬ʥʹ壬ǿľˣʥȴǱնɱˡ
Ⱥ죬ǲɵòǸˣսôôǿôǿƣΪֹʥӣѾɥ֣
ʯʥӶ죬׿Ҳо⣬ȴŨŨɱ
ģС˵ˬ

춢סʯʥӣɽ죬¡
ûʲôնʥӺֱӿ粽ʯʥɱȥ
⡭
ʯʥҲҪɱ
ǿƬǿ֮һʥӰ
ǣҪƬŵŵĴȫⲻɣ
̫̫ˣ
ʿ¡
ϣһΣټͬʱ𶯣ɹţͬһʱ䣬¯汦ꪷ⣬ѪͭӡɫǵᦣĿƷҲһֱ֯ӽⷽռˣʯʥ˿ܵĻᣬѹ¡
ɱңұɱ㣬ƽ
Į
ˣˣһԭ
һܼıɢ貹ԣǽƬռ䶼ˡ
ʯʥӿͨɾΪԣ˵𣬽һȫ߶Ʒʯḥ̂չʯһͨݻһʯ磬նɱİڱӭȥ
䣡
һײԹâʮһ̮
գռϽѪʯʥǱĵɣһѪˮȾ죬ƷʯҲһߡ
Уˡ
ʿ΢ʯʥӵΪǿսҲΪֲȴƿƷļƷаټѹʵ̫ˣֻһƷʯʥܹȣ̫޴ˡ
Įֱӿ粽ϣץƷʯ̡

ʯʥӿ쾹Ȼִĵȥֱתʯķٻʯ̣Լء
ߣ汦ѹ£ͭӡѹ£ɫǵѹ£ѹ£Ѫѹ£Ҳ϶ϣֱʯʥɫ䣬òȫܡ
Ҳʱ¯ѹʯ̣ӡͨͿرʯϵʯʥӵľӡĨӡԼʶӡǣ֮ᵽԼС
ʯʥӵĵȻҲˡ
һʿȻ
춢ʯʥӣɫԵüΪĮ
ɱ

ʱ䣬ټļƷ𶯣Ʒ⣬ʮռ䣬£ֱʯʥѹ¡


734 նʯ滯
ټļƷ𶯣Ʒ⣬볯ʯʥѹ£Ĺɱ֮ίʵЩֲطʿǺȻ
ʯʥӴХͷڷ裬ٴλһʯ磬Ǻ⣬Ϊʯһ֮ѹİڱӭϡ
ͽ͡
쵭Į
ټѹ£ڵѹ£ֱӽʯʥɨĺɣڿбͿѪȥʮԶסΡ
죬ʯʥ׿ͬһ㣬Ҫᴩ
ƤͦӲȻûбãȷʵ͹ĶҪǿ١
˵
һٴζնĿռŤ˷ѹ£ϡ
ʯʥȫ⣬ʯȴǸãֱӱǱɣһֱ۵飬Ѫܡ
ûʲôԿرԦ͵ٴζ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʯʥһδαɨɣԵǱ϶ʮȭͷѪ

ʯʥŭĶ죬ɱʮ㣬Ұʮ㣬Եúܷ
һˬ̵ģҪˣȻô׿񡣡
ɫĮʯʥӣûа
粽ϣټâţڵɱ֯˷Ŀռȫʯʥն¾ɱһ
һֱӱ飬ˣâա
⡭ܵס
ꡭˡ
ʯʥӣҲҪ⡭
ʿȻ
գɱѹ£ʯʥһû˰·
ҲʱѾʯʥӣ徹ͻȻ
˭ڶо֮£
Įʯʥڴ
һ̣һڳһߴߣۣŭ
ʱݣһ
ʶСȶ

߻΢⣬һӣһŹâΪĵֱӽѹȥİڵ𿪡
ô౦
ͫ΢
ܣһʿɫ
ǡʯһô
ʶ
ʶʯ±ŵǿֶΣ
һЩʿ
ƻϢòƺܿ°ʿ죺Ǹˡ
һ̣طͻȻֵʯʶʿɫݣ졣С˵£ƺҪˡ
ʯʥӻȾѪһۣ˿վԵú
ۣ߳ɫ΢졣
ӲС
Įֱ̧֣ץ˹ȥ
ʱ䣬طһ磬ǿ㡣
棬һɱ
ʯʥͳ
΢΢ͷֻצѹ¡
ſͷСӣˣϻıӦǴΣһʶԿȴǿˣĿǰԿ⡣
н֯âֱֱĶǰ
á
˵
䣬˷ӭ߶ϡ
˶ʱһʿһͣˡ
˹ȥ
ǿʯֶڸµһʶϢԿɱȵϴǿˣȻ
˲ɣ
ʿ𾪡
ǡ֪ûкýҪ
ʿ
ʯʥӶ죬ҲǶݣ漴ø׺ݡ
ߺ˲٣˶ǶһơһѹצøǿЩ
ۼ׶ҪأСʲô˰˰˰
첻ԽӵĿߣһ̣üĴֱӽ𣬺ڰɫ˸ֱѹȥ
䣬ֳצѹ£âţȻһȴһ
ͣ
һ죬ʶѹµĴֱӷ飬âɢ
⡭
ʯʶȻһֻ֣
ôܣ
ʿɫ䡣
Ҳǵɴ˫ۣСӣǣоʶʵȴΣȴ׵ľͻһֱֻۡ
Į϶һ߳󽣡
ʶˡ
ߣĵ
һ߳󽣾ֱ¡
ָ񵲣Ȼȴסֱ߳ն顣
һĻʹһʿٴαɫ
ʯʥһ¶ɫ
ʶ
ʵǿתۼǿЩɫ
û˵ʲô
ʶרſʶаȣߵʶȻʵǿȴǿ̫࣬ʶӦԡ
ˣ
ɫĮڰɫƮɣһʱ䣬ɫͰɫĴ֯Ϣ໥ڣʹƬռ·һ̻صֻԭʼʱ㣬ͬˮһ㵴תۼ۳һ޴ͼ
߶ʱݣĸо˴вʶȻ΢¡
㡭

Į
˵һͼһΣͬһѹ䣬ֱӽ֡
㡭
־ŭȫֵȴûаãס
һ̣͵һ죬ֻüһŭʶֱӱѹķ顣
ʯʥӱɫɵó棡
ͬһʱ䣬ʿǺݺһ
顭ˣ
ʯڸڵʶȴǿߣȻô򵥾ͱնˣ
⡭ˡ
ʿ
˫ĿԲ漴ǿЦȻүܾȣֱ̫ˬˣʯʶճʱһµģ˿УֱӶץ죬Ҫѹ콻ʯʥնɱȴ㱻ٵķʵн
ɫĮʱƫͷסʯʥӡ
һוּһѹ¡
ʯʥɫһԴΪ۴߶ʯݻһʯǰӶʯȭ챦ӭȥ
䣡
˵ĴײʯʥӿѪɣǱ
´αն㣡
ŭһʯʥɫǲֱͣӳԶ˳ȥ
ֱ˫ۣģȻˣ
һʿҲǲ죬԰ԵƵʯʥӣȻǱӶݣ
䵭粽ϣ׷ɱȥҲһ̣΢ͣ½ŲһѪɫ˲ò԰
Сӣôˣ
΢΢ݡ
ûʲô
ҡͷ
һսǿߵĵն˹ʥӣɱʥӣʯʥӷײնһڵʶѾҪɿˡң֮ǰĴսУÿһжȫʩΪڶĹо˼ˣȴѹţֱʱѹƲסоʹϮ
ʯʥӶߵķâ֯׷ȥȴѾ첻ңȻ׷ʯʥӣҲɱ˶ԷˣڵѾԲ֧
ûʲô
ʵ
ҡͷ΢΢һϢ漴ڵ
뿪
ûطͣһʿ𺧵гԶȥܿʧһ˵ҰС


735 رԴ
뿪޸Ƭ첻ú߳ԶʯȡЩ˵ı̷һһת̫ľƺܿȶڻָ
һʱĿݻɽ׼ʱ뿪Ƭص׿ռˣϾΪ˷ĶǶѾڣȻеĲһչ黹ѰˣңһöѪС
ڿݻɽ䣬ɳʪϷ죬䡣
ಣ
һԱ߳ΪһʯޣͷǣԵúܹ졣
쵯ָ콣âնֱӽ֮ն顣
СӣͻȻ֮ǰʩչǿرɣ
ͻȻʵ
ͷûʲôͨ˵ʿܿǿر
Ȼڱͷ漴̽ͷô˵еˣ֣ʹпرǸ岻һգôܻڱǺǸرĹϵദʱȻ֣ȴǴ֪ˣ˿˵رԵЩ档
ԣŲɵһͣͣǸ壿֪رԴرһӹɣȴֻ֪Դϲ򣬵һȴ²Ҳû֪³Ǹ塱ĸ֣ʱ΢ݣȻ֪ر
ţ㶼֪пرǸ壿
ı飬ʱȻƺʹпرǸûκһ˿ĹϵǼһҲ
ҡͷ֪
죬ǲ죺رǸ屦һ˻ⱦѾүоܾˣΪǺǸʲôرĹϵ˲ŵǼ±ڣȻǼ㶼֪
죬Բһۡ
һ
ڿر£Ȼ֪
ǺĴ켸ۣŵҦңĶһһƬ򡣡
Ҧҡ

ֱգ֪˿رȻڵҦҡ
ĹҦҵˣ
΢΢üһĹĿرǴӵһĹõҦҵˣҦҵˣΪλڵһһĹ
˵СӣȻǸûκιϵΪʲôڱ죬ԵЩ档
ǰżȻá
õر¼˵¡
Ҳһɻ󣬲ҲûжʲôȻȤҲǺܴ
ˣΪĶҦҵʵΣ
ʵ
ٺһЦСӣҦҵ鷳
£ǣұϾƿ˱˵屦һЩͻֻǰ˽¶Էʵ
˵
Ŷںĵǿ澳ھأԼžңͨʿʮңʿͨʿͲ˵ˣͦࡣܵ˵ûʲôˣү۷״̬һצӾܸ
ֱǾ仰΢΢澳ؾˣͨ漶ʮˣǱƬǿ̫ࡣ֪ʯ壬ʹ壬ʥ壬壬е澳ǿƺ߰ңңǿòֻǴ졣
˶٣Щ棬ĶʵΣ
һȷеĶԱȡ
򣿡죬˵ûʲôҡ
ңʲô˼
첻⡣
ʣھȥأ֪˻Ӱ֮Ҫٽ벽ʱүٸ㡣

ðɡ
ͷ
վԭأ봫пرҦңֱȥʮҡҡͷٶ룬Ų³ȥ²ûʲô塣
ݻɽĿʼպ䣬;вģһҲûУȫն顣
Ƭ̺г˺Զ
䣡
ʱƬݻɽͻȻ𶯣ͬ˵㣬رһζ
ԶһɹͬǴ˵Ż㣬һ޴ĢƣֱϣԿһı̮ܿ¡
סΣ̧ͷȥʱͫһ¶֮ɫ
Сӣоˣ
ʵ
˸âǳŨǧ
Զ̳𣬵УȴҲǽ֯һɼΪ˵Ũľˣ·ǸһƬ㡣
ȥôŨһ㣡
˵
ͷҲ뷨
£ٶԿЩܿɫĵطѾΧһȺʿһ̮ˣ·Ĺ˸ȻһƬռ䡣
Ѿǵص׿ռˣû뵽֮£ȴȻһƬռ䡣
Ծ
һģ֮治УСָʲôʮǰүʱڵһʯף򿪺ȴһڹײģȻ󣬵үǵڶڹײģȻǵڹײģү򿪵ڹײģȻǵĿڹײģ̵ģʲôүһŸ߷ˡ
죺
¡
һζǰ̮ĸиĺɫͬʱҲиŨ֯ȻȻʿҲԽԽ࣬бߣ֯â΢Ȼʹˡ
ôŨ桭
огǧ֯棡
Ҳָо
ʿɫ𾪡
ǿͨɾϱʿصµĵصףо֮
ˣ
ͬ
ʿĿ¶â
úðЩ֮ǰҲ鵭ࡣ
ߣ
ʱ˽е
˲ѣȺ̮ĵص׿ռ䡣
󣬸ʿȥٴ̮ĵû룬һЩ¶һͨ·ռľ޴ڡ
ܿ죬ʿȫ˽ȥ
Сӣȥ

룬ͷȥ
֮ǰĺŨܵľãһзǳ˵ĶȻȻҪȥһ
үҲô룡

ûٳɣһţ˲·Ŀռ䡣
ߵ·ռ䣬ƬռһƬڣֻܿǰԶʶһɨƬ·ռ䲻СȴûϷĿռ󣬲ȴ䣬ңΪ·Ũԭ򣬿˵ĳʪ˸оܲ
Ƭ·ռ䲻ֹһ·ѭһǰȥ
·ռ䣬ԽߣԽԽʪûñǿͬʱֵĲҽĿǰȥֻǰһƬԿտĵطͷʬУڷɱһȺʿһʿѪȫȡ˹ȥԵѪȶ㤡
ȻҲһĻͷʬʱۣСӣʬ


736 ص׹
Ƭλڵص׸·Ŀռ٣ŲԶͷʬҲ΢΢һͷʬɲ֮ǰ׷ͷôȻˡ

ǰҽһ𣬽ʿѣһһͷ飬ѪһԵıɹȥ뵽ͷС
ԸоĵͷϢøǿЩ
ɻѪ⣬Լø
춯ݡ
ϻҪȻɻѪȻĳЩá

ҽϣһȺʿ֣ʵͷȴЩ˴ֱֵѡӶݡ
ͻȻͷƺиУͣɱ¾еƫͷ
΢΢һͣʱЩɫ
ſڣСӣүоҪ⡣
˵û
Ӧ
ǰͷ۾ֱסߣͬǼζ㣬ַ·ǿһֱʿ߳˹
찵һֱѭһŵصǚiһĶߣͷʬǿ澳磬ǿҲԲȥֵ
𣡡
𣡡
ͷ˻Ƭռ䲻סĻζɳϷ׹
쳯ۣɫͷ⣬ͬ˹
΢Ҵ⣬̫ľתٶȡ
Сӣʬôôϲ㣿׷׷̵ģ

˵ʲôֻǲǚiǰ塣
Ƭռܶ࣬䣬ʮȥʱȴ֣ͷľȴȻǸ˼֡
ǵٶȣϴ׷ʱЩ
ɫ΢ݡ
ĥôʿѪ⣬ʬˣٶȲŹ֡
䣡
Ӻ󷽳Ƭռˣʹ˼ɵ÷
Сӣ˵ˣϽܣ
е
Ȼòѣ̫ľתĸ죬ɫתͬһɫ磬ٶӵĸЩ
ƬռһƬڣȻʶԶܵ˾޴ƣһ·񱼣֪Լܣʱʱȥͷľˡ
ܿܿܣ
󺿡
ҧٴ٣ǣͷٶ̫ˣֹȥʮǿǰֱ̽צӳץ˹
ֻоͷƤ飬ͷܹһͷצӣȭӭһĹ֡
飡
һȭĸùϣȴ·Ǵ˻ƽʯϰ㣬ֱѿˣһɴֱӿɶԶ
վ壬ûйȥͷĹǿٴγԶȥ
𣡡
𣡡
ͷһëҲ˫۳죬ͬѹ
գۼѣͷٴο˹ֱſڳҧѪˡ
ѽСӿܣ
С
üĹâʢֱӽ𣬻ͼͷ
ͷЩ谭˼ΣǣȴûʲôӰ죬֮ͷֱ˺ͼһ˲ٴαƵǰ졣
ɫ䣬ǻۼ׶ˣˣСǵùߵģ
𣡡
𣡡
ͷ˻𣬹צٴ̽ץ졣
ҧ˽ľ£ȻȴҲ޷ܿˣֻٴν𣬳ͷӭϡ
ˣ
ҲʱĸͻȻ⣬Լ䣬һġѽ·һеӤڲ
ͷݺһͬӦʲôµĶ㣬е˿־壬ֹסķֻľ룬ȴһҲҶˣ̽ĹצӲڿУ·Ǳ˶һ㡣
춯ݣǾȣһ죺ǡ
æˣ뿪ͷͣԼĸ
öڷ⣿

һɨ˵ͷԴԱߣöĵϣЩ˹âֻԶԶûʼʱĹâǿʢ
̧ͷǰͷֲͬèһ㣬ڲͣ
죺֮ǰǴΣǰˣöĹϵɢϢǺ¡
֮ǰв²ͷʱĺǺöйأȴҿ϶Կ϶ˣͷ澳ǿߵηöţöλڣϢͷӦɵֱ׷죬ǵ緢âϢŶͷӦϢʱÿ־岻סķ
öʲôûгˣòĳͷ޵ĺɣ
ĸӡ
ҲǾȣԴԱߵöȥЩ찡
Զ˶٣һöĹâסͷæԶͷǚiԶߡ
СʲôõĻᣬɵǰүййԹ
е
ܸɵ澳ǿߵ˵ڵܸɵǣ
һ㶣漴ֻȻ˵Ҳǣڵ̫Сˣֻܱ׷ܡ
ҧʲôС̫Сֻܱ׷ܡ᲻˵
Ƭ·ռһعƬعܵŨĺܣҲܱ䣬ʹʶЧԱ巽λǚiһ·ԶֱȫӦͷϢǷŻŲ˿
Сӣøлö񵰣ҪСӿɾˣԺǵúú÷Сһϡ

첻ƬڰĵعǰУ߲ʱĴĽŲ
ʱԴԱߵѾ·˳һ㡣ǰߣģеøŨϢҲŨңͬһʱ䣬֮ǰӦ־˵ҲУӸԶһЩλô
лһĨâҲһ
Сӣ壡
е
ûԥ뵽·ռ䣬ΪŨ
ǿЩܿɾ룬еϢøӾˣеҲŨ֮󣬵ǿԼǧɾʱͻȻͣǰͫ׶ʱһȻͷҲǵֱ˫ۡ
ȥǰĵƻȻһ⼣߲ľ޴󹬵ǰ⹬ܴϷȥ·Ǳѹڵصף⹬ܣǶһ߾ߵʬ׹ǣܼˣ졣
һĻһһǲɵõһʵطʬ̫ˣܼˣһ߾ߵʬϣźɫţΪˡ
춢ǰĿʬƿǷ޴Ĺϣ˿˿âӦǹĲڴ


737 һңһ
ʬоâ֮֯ǰӦǴӹڴ
ȻҲǸоˣֱֱǰһֻצӵСӣ壡
ͷѾѰȻȴ
΢΢ϢºСĳŹ
ܿ죬ǰۿʬԵøܼɢҷֲڹܣ䶼УɢŷǳŨĸζ
ࡣ
ֹ
ɨһۣǰȥ⹬һǰ
ͭ죬Ѿ˲⼣ߵǰ΢΢֨ѽһ죬ͭƿʱ䣬һɸ෢ùϢ
ĻϢ⣬ֱȥʮſڡ
ԵЩ谵Եһ޴Բȣƺǽڲĸ󷿵ȶһ۱ǿһ޴ԭʯϡ
ʯ
΢΢졣
ʯ֣һ㶼Եʯȴм䣬ⲻȥЩŹ֣һӰƽͨУú֣ƵĽǵһμ˵˲Ŷԡ
Ʋ죺ʯôǰĹ֮ϲַء
ôߵʯǰʯϿͼģ඼һЩ޻ݵȣҲûʲôرĵطЩ棬ʯϣ漴һ̣˸һĨɫǡʯ΢˸
̽ͷʵôˣʲô
ûʲô
˵
ɵĿһۣҲû룬ߴٵˣѰԴͷҪֽܷطƹ˶ãʿҲѰǵռȻɱȻ˷ˡ
ͷִʯƿɨʯŹȥ
ûԲȶУߵֱߣúǰǳһ¥Ǻܿտ
հɣ
հɣ
հɣ
ںܻ谵һƬУĽŲԵø̶
ͻȻһɭɭϢӺڰϮͬڰеһˡ
⽣ɫâܣӳճһͷӰ飬೤˫ī
еĽһ𣬽âֱնϣһײ죬ǻ˳
Щ죬ΪǶҪ֪ղһȻ⣬նͨͨɳʿȴû⣬龹ĵ

鷢һֽУ׺ݵĳ
ֱһȭ¡
һΣԵסֱӱһȭҵķѣѪˮضǡ
΢΢ɨۣǰͣ
ɻ谵ʱһ˫˫Ѫ̵һɹޱȱϢϯܣͬѩԨһ㡣
ģôа
ۡ
ôʬ壬ڲܻƵأ
˵
ۣүȻ֪治Ƶأֻû뵽ôš
ĺܣǴԵλãԵôĹ֣֮㣬ĵ֮ԽǿаͻԽԽ£㲻ãܻп漶ǿߵĹ
̵ģү治ٱ׷ˡ

ֱȥ
ƬһƬ谵ŨǣɿԸӦǹֱѭ·ȥƽ
Сӣôһ˫˫ͫأô±ˣ˵𣿡
٩
µ˲䣬аȫ˹ವƿ
治ɫ𣬺ڰɫϯķ
ʱ䣬̶Ĳҽ쳹Ƭռ䡣
ۣۣۣ
ͨɾصʶЩаȻȴ޷ֵˣתۼѣĹȫ飬ѹķ顣
ݣСӣʶǿߵʶܿƹ治һ㣡Ȼֻʶ磬ȴ۷Ĵڣʶ󲢲٣ͬǿʶȴǵһμ
û˵ʲô⽣ܣѭǵȥ
ģԽߣеϢԽŨͬʱһɼΪɲħɷϢƶ΢΢һﾹħɷϢڣ
˶٣ǰԵøСЩ
֮ںڰĹаǿһһͷȴĹջƾʶǿгѭһ޴ʯǰȥʯҵʯ΢΢һ죬Ũдо˵ħɷϢдҲǿʢд
ʯҲвʬǣԵúܽСĿһѭʯŴ򿪵쳯ȥ漴ʱ䣬һһһɫ͸Ƿ϶УʯҴԼаƽоȻĶʬͷһߵľ޴ˮ˶
ˮɢżΪ˵һƣˮڣǷӡһˣͷɢңһƺ⣬ɢһ˵ħɷϢ΢Լ䣬һһһĻ棬һʿҺһѪըͬǾĵ֮һ㡣
һʱ䣬һһǴסˣʱ峺ʱ壬ʱգǽû
ˣ
ʱʶڣҡҷһƺڰɫĹâʱһӴлع˲亹¡æת̫ľȶסͬʱһѽͷϵץ̧־Ǻݺݵơ
оʹӴлعҲǶʱˣӡ
춢ʯҵķ򣬴Եļɵղţʯڵˮеˣ˵»þУʹüʱ壬عܶʯ֮⡣
Ǹˡ
Щľ
Կ϶ĻþΪǱˮеˣ죬Ҫ֪Ǵͨɾ磬ȴֻǿһ˱ǵʹĿ»þ˵ˮе˺Σգ
˿ҺһսצӣиֳЩСӣȲ˵ǸˣǷˮû˵ˮ龧龧߲εĶ̵ǴȻǸߵľˣͨ龧ɱȣʯˮǿ޴龧⣬ٵ龧ƬЩ龧Ƭһھ޴أ
龧γɣۣһ龧Եֵͨ龧


738 ͨ
Ļ˼ά龧ڵջأʯڵЩ龧ƬϡȥЩƬСһȻȲǷ˵龧ٽﻹеģɱȵ龧
˵Щ龧ƬԳƵһأ
յЩ龧Ƭүתۼܿ뵽ͨɾΣ
˫۷
Ҳ˸â֮ǰһöѪ龧ƬգʹѪ֮Ϊĸࡣ
һסڰĴͷҶ
䣬һ̫ľתͬʱСĳʯȥʯҾͷ龧Ǹ˺ܲһ㣬ղЩѣʱУȻֽаĴ⡣
Ȼ֪㣬æתԼķסԼһΣܸоħɷϢȴǲӰˡ
תۣǿ뵽ʯС
ʯڣϢŨˣʬ
ЩʯںʯˣӦҲǿʯڵ龧Щ໥ɱЩǱ龧ڵ˵Ӱ죬þжʱˣӦȫ

ͷӦþˡ
ʯ⣬һӣһɽ磬ʯʬɨɢڹĴʯҵŴرϡ֮΢̧ʯϿ̻ƣԸʯڵϢȣֹ֮ʿǡ
ˣ
ɫâ˸ܿ죬ʯűϿ̻ƣ֮ȻһĴǿҲѷʯڵ£ʯڵ
ЩȣСӣȻͽֿ̻ƣϵĿʦ
Щ
漴תʯҾͷǰȥܿ龧ǰ
龧ӣŵӡ磬ƺһѹģ͸龧ˮеɢͷɫڹ⽻֯һ˵ħɷϢη
˴ڲΣħˡѹþ
ܣգĿϣ΢΢üȥƺǱѹԼԼ龧ڡʱһת̫ľһ߳󣬲ħӰ졣
Ҳܣȷʵ˵Ŀ⿴ȥ龧ˣһжƽκǱѹĺۼħʱΪ˷ֹԼ飬漴ԼԼѹط
ˣ
üͷ΢
ǾͲ֪ˡ
ҡͷ
΢΢˼ŷ˵龧ˮкоâ˸
˵һඦǰ龧ˮȥ
һСʲô


ûֱҧһڣѾħʧԼҪǲСĴ龧ˮ˳ͻһѣɲģǰү̧־ѹڣүΪˣҪǿɵˣңһ֧Ų龧ɢħֱӾͻᱻ飡
ģзִ硣

ԵúСģңඦҲһ㣬ΪҩȻûʲôȴޱȼ̣Ȼ۷ǿҲһܴڶСĵƶڶԲ˵˫УֱǷ˵龧Ӹ˽ȥ϶ǣ룬ʩ˲ӡϡ
˿ҺСӣŵ㣬Ҫǳ⣬ɾĲˣ
ġ

˸âඦ˵龧ӣպΣֱӽ˸ųȥʱ漶ǿҲ
һСĵĽඦʯУ龧Ƭ
ħ龧ûκ⣬ҲǷ漴Ŀͬһ㣬Щ龧Ƭϣ˫ֱ⡣
˵ʱעһ£ֱӳͨɾ١

龧ܿܿ뵽ͨɲΣǣͨɲʱȴǻ٣طͨɴ٣Ȼһǵ¡
һ̵ۣģ㲻˵ү¸ˡ˵ţĥһߵĶ죺ɨǣΪĹϵүֵһٵĿ࣡ģǰͨɴ٣ûүˣ@#
ýĻе龧Ƭ۵һ漴ԱԹ£Щ龧Ƭٽ൱ͨ龧
ĴԾһߣֱӱǽķתʼ龧̵漴ֻתۼѣϵϢǿʼ
ɨһۣ̫ľתɫʱ͸֯ת̫ľйɵתܿ죬Ǵﵽ۷Ρ
ʱһΣһöȭͷСѪɫȡ˳
öһʱһŨĹƮܣʹһɵ˹
ö
˫һ
бһ̷ۣѪ漴̫ľתĸӿ٣һѪɫŹѪ̵
ת̫ľ龧Ѫ֮ʹ֮ԼѪУͶԿõϣ龧ƬڻһâûȥͬСӰ㽫ûС
ˣ
һʱ䣬ĽɫҲøǿʢɢϢһǿ
档Ʋ죬漴ͷٴתԼķʼɿԱߵ龧үҲ
ˣ
ʱɢϢٴ˸
ɢĽâҪǿһЩâֱӸڸȥ˿̣ת̫ľѪ֮֮ͬʱͨɾϢڱǿ
ͻȻԴԱߣö΢΢Ծǿʼһ龧Լ䣬һϲѽ·Сӵõǹһ㣬Ϳġ
ɨһۣ΢΢һЦ⣬öܵ龧˵֮ǰö񵰣ﻹδСһҪȻɾͷˡ
΢΢һ֯ڣĴ
һۣʱǹȥ
䣡
һ̣һɸǿϢɢΪ뵽ͨɵء


739 ĵһʥ
ͨɵأеһĨâӣĿԼѪӾӨˣڵͬƺӰڣ
ã
Ե
ٴɨӣڻвѪ龧ҲʣЩת̫ľͶ뵽УĴͬʱǡ
ˣ
ĴǵĶ죬ĽɫâԽҫۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԴԱߣöҲ΢΢Ծƺܿģһ龧ӿȥ֮ơ
ʱţ콫ٶȷŵ࣬תۼ䣬ʱǹȥ
ˣ
һ죬ⷽʯԼζһ£һѹֵϢ˲佫ʯ֡
챻ѣȻ֪ѹٽµǰףȥ
ģүѹȥ

ȡ龧գֱӴʶ絽վ۷壬ղѾҪﵽͨɲΣĴиУҪͨɴ١һâһɲǼ佫סֹסͨ壬ֻͣվ۷Ρ
ʱǹѹֵϢʧ
ˣ

ﵽ۷ϵϢԱøǿһЩ
ͷۣͶ뵽С
ˣ
Ľɫâ֯⣬ĬĬת̫ľƽľ顣
תۣһչȥ
һ죬ۣڵѪѾȫ龧ƬҲȫĸɾ³һվչһ½ǡ
쵽ͨ۷ˣջ񲻴
Ҳʶֱӵվ۷塣

ʱĥүôأԭǴ۷壬䵽ʶʶﵽվأȻȷʵջ񲻴ôܾòζһײǽĸо
бһۣ˵ʲôɨӼΪǵͨ۷壬˶پܿͨ죬øǱøӨ̡ʶɨͻȻһѽĻѭȥֻԴԱߣöϵøˣâԵúʥ
΢΢һЦҲ֪ڵСһǲܹü˵мܳˡ
ˣ
񵰱棬һһģѽ
һ㶣漴ЦڵСһﻹûгȴĻ
񵰱罥Сһ˳У·ǺͻеӤࡣ
ЦЦջأˡ
СſԴϡ
ʯǰɨ棬ûڸ漴ǽĨƿʯ˳ȥƫͷɨһ۹֮ǰҵʬ˲٣Ȼ⼸ʿʯ⣺ʿⷽˡ
û˽Ѿıȡˣֱˡ

ûже΢˸
˵طûô򵥡
ʲô˼
һ㶡
ʱԶʿ߿
˵ƬһʥأƬһ
ȷʵˣҲ˵ˡ
˵ǸʥؼȻԻͣʮǿߣʥطһɾԴǽʥصΪһڷǣԴ뽫֮뵽ʥ׳ȴ룬ջɾԴС
ɾԴأ
ϱǿ߳ƣǸʥȻ⵽˻𣬵ԴӦҲûֵôпܻƬڣңӦѾʥشɢʶ
Դ
һʿžȣһ򹬵
ʯǰԶһʿһ·򹬵û˵ʲôֻüͷ΢һ£һĨĹ
ͷɴ˫ۣɾԴɲ򵥣ǿúܣȻĳʥѹһɾԴΪ̣ĺ񣬵ͦʰ
һɾԴԿͨԴֵܹȱȡô󡣡
˵
Ƭؼ䣬ŨԹУҩȶĺôһŴжѣĴڱҲҪ֮ϣԴԼУǺ嫣ΪһƬĸڣƬؼ䣬Ψǿ󵽼µĻ羳ۻʸҶ
ԴһͨԴļֵͺܾˣԿȳȱɾԴǾ͸ӾԿͨԴϵȱǺεȺ嫣һõôֽǺεȾ޴һʥأ
ˣһɾԴջȻǷǳ
ȻԴһɾԼʶǾͷǳˣֶλˡ
ɾԴ۷ʿǶ֣ǸʲôʥأǷʵû˵ҡͷһԴ죬˵Сӣ֮ǰʯǸˣòԴζɵİɣ
˵ǸԼԼңǴ࣬໯Ρ

ҲԣүˡͷңԴɾҲֻ޵Уֱӿǿߡ˶٣Щɻ󣺡ôǸˣǵǸʥصˣƺҲԣſڵʵǸʥصˣӦѹԴŶԡ
ǸʥؾϹʱѾأԴˣûȥǵǸʥصˣΪοԻôãΪǴˣٿɻ꣬Ϲʱʱѡ
룬ҲҡͷȷʵЩ鷳Ҳ벻ס
ˣȥĿ
˵
Ȼûʲô£ǲʯͨƬȥⷽڣڣͨĿøǿЩȻڻ谵ĻУҲǿԿԶľ롣
ԶһͷɱźԶʹһɭɭ磬纮ɭ䡣
̧֣һĳɫ£ֱӽ֮ѹƬ
ܣĹаһ˫˫̵ͫںڰлζһ֯źɫĹܱߴ󣬼ֱǰٹҹһ㣬ЩͷƤ顣
ƽ⽣̫ľе֯ɫâһܣͬǽһɨ˻ģһͷͷȫն顣˺һЩаǱܵ־壬ٹ
ڻ谵ĹУĲӺƽ֮󣬲֪߹˶Զͣƫͷұλȥұ߾ͷϣһʯϿ˸޻ݵͼƣԲȵмλá


740 ǿ߱
ĿǸʯϣ˿˿⡣
ôˣ
ʵ
ҡͷĿƿ³Źȥ
ߵĵȽֱм䲢ûʲôۡ

ǰҽѪɫĹͫԺڰ˸
ɫƽû⣬ʼպƽ
һɫĹ⽣۶ɣںڰ˸ŵâܶЩƬڰеĹаƺ֪ܿ£ûٸǰ
䣡
ǰһǿӿ֣һɹɾ쫷磬һ
ͬһʱ䣬һŮһж˵ƮеѩͷǰĹȫ𿪣ҲڳŹȥ
ˣ
ߣһ˿粽һʯһѹ£鼸ͷͬʱ⹬ĵرһ¡
лһĨ΢⣬ʥӣʥŮѩʥŮʥӣЩһǿҲˡ
⼸Сһﻹսס
ۡ
û˵ʲô⽣һƬȥ
;У˲ʿ壬һҽʿ⹬ڵһЩаж
УģǰЩҲɭ
ִйһξ룬ǰǳһƬƴɽĴڣһֲи滨һҩӣ֯ƬռС
ĺڣ
⡭߰פջ
ǡŰĶɲݣ
ʿ뵽ط˴
ȥƬɽĿռֱҩĺܺãν
⡭
졣
һƬɭڣȻһƬڡ
˸˽ȥ
ʿطʱ䶼һʥӺͷʥӵ˶һ¡ܿ죬ЩʿҲͲپȣĿⶼƬռһ걦ҩϣԼͬĳ֣ʼᣬֱһ档
ۣ
Ѫ⽦˸ոժһɴԪıݣǱնͷ­еıݶ˹ȥ

ҽкܿƬռ𣬸ͨ似ݺƬռС
Уʥӵٶɺܿ죬תۼѣʥӶᵽһǧݣԴҲдáʥŮѩʥŮԶһפջ¶ЦݣŮӶԣפջԶҩʥһɿ磬ʿ𿪣ȡһǧ
СӣҲϣ
ߴŵ
ͷһɨһƷҩֱӺƹȥ֮ȡСӰƶƬռȡһ겻ıݡ
Щ޺ܾԶ̵ҩҲͺܾˣֻʮʱ䣬ȡüһЩⵤҩıݣ绨ҲѰġ

ҵģ
ȿ
ﱦҩҲȻܼңתۼвʿɥС
ܿ죬ıҩ˸⣬һЩ綼˹ȥ
ϵŲٲʬȴûʿ⣬оâ֯ʼܡ
˵ԴƬڣһҪҳ
˵
ƬɽĿռܴʿһ߾űˣһѰܡ
СӣҲϽңһԴֵǾ

֪

طҪ˵˭Դ˽⣬ƿ
վԭûжԵúܰŵȴƽ֯ӡ
֪ͶľͷһվŸ

첻Ӧһû£ڰĵص׿ռ䡣
䣬ɫݣƬ֮´Լʮҵλãһ߾ܼĺǣȹ֮ʬǻҪͬһʱ䣬ЩܼʬԶһЩĹ㣬ͬөһ㣬Ȼ
ǡ
΢
䣡
ͻȻ޴ĺʮǿĲתۼ뵽Ƭռ䡣
ʮӰ϶֯żΪ˵Ϣе򲨶ӡ
ǣ
Ĵǿߣ
ҲǿУ
УӰĴǿߣĴǿߡ
ѪҲдǿˣ
ҲУ
ʿ󾪣ͣĿⲻԼͬ嵽ʮӰ
ʮӰǿĿɨ˲ϡ
СĻȻ
ҧɱ⡣
̧ͷȥ嵽ʮˣǴǿߣˣˣӰˣѪˣˣˣʮˣϢǿ
СӣЩĳˣۣСӵͦаͨɾѣȻһǳôʿǰ޹˺ˡ
ûʲôˣǵʥӣĳ弸ʮ֧ѡ
ƽ
ſڣɱʥӾˣȻĳļʮ֧壿ʲôް
ûĶųĸǿߣС˵
ʱۣүģôûԣҸɣүȻҲʲôҲô̵£̵ģ
û˵ʲôĿӳĸǿɨĿѪļǿϣһֱ׷ɱдǿʱɱ֣ôҲдǿ߸ˣԼƬص׿ռɱѪʥӵ£ѾУҲѾ֪ԼһʥӱɱˣϢδ⴫ЩѸ˵㡣
ߣ
һһһ߱۰ĸߴӴһ߳ͬߴӰǿߡ
ƫͷȥʱһ䡣
ʲôʯͷС˸ӡ
ۡ
һ߱۰ĸߴʯʥӣڷ٣дű׹⣬ϣ֪ӦûƬص׿ռ䣬⽫죬׿񣺡ģǻһȻɱɱ㡣
ʯʥһߣ̬¶
طһʿʯʥӣ˽ԶݡǰЩţʯʥӺһսܣǱӣʥӺʥһսбնɱȴǲ룬ʯʥӴһڴǿɱ˻
ǵӣҲܳΪһʥӣ

ûʲôֻдŲм
ʯʥ˿Ҳ⣬ֻɱ⡣
ˣ
һ𣬳ȴʯǿվʯʥ⣬Ĵǿ߽ǶˣŲ嫵ɱֱ֡
գҪܾ֮࣡
һǿɱ⡣
Ķ
ǿŭɶǰʱ䣬һֻǱն˼벽ǿߣһʥӾȻҲУʧ̫޴ˣ

ǿͫѪķۣϽǽ֯Űڹ⡣
Ѫ壬Ӱ壬壬Ĵǿɱڣ
ʮĸǿ߱ӿɱ⺧ˡ
Сӣ⡭
ɫ


741 
ʮĸǿѹɢǿĵ򲨶ɭȻɱ⣬Ƭռ䶼΢΢вʯڳϷȥ
⡭
ˣˡ
ʮĸǿߣǸ˿£ǡ
ʿɫ
ʮĸǿߺΧϣǵݿɲǿЦ
ģЩ˵ܵĿռҲ߶ˣ
ɫ̫ÿ
ӣòšգطǾһҲ뿪ȫ
ԣһ㶣ʿһ㶡

˵ʲô
Ǳʮǿ߾ɵ˲ɣ
ʿ⡣
ʮĸǿѹܣҪնɱͨɾ죬ݣȴȻҪЩǿȫնɱʵ˷㶡
ɵõۣСӣɵˣ
ͷ˻װŪŪ
ʯʥ絶
ͬһʱ䣬ʮĸǿ붯ˣȫѹȥ
ʮĹɱƵЩ˽ɱ⣬壬ץ˹ȥ
ɫ䣬ݣȻڵͰ֮չرҲǺôϾΪ̫ˡ
ģүΪǻڣſһȫ

ûʲôһƬ䵭
̧˫֣ѱٶȽӡʱ䣬Ϊ֮ζ
ʱûκ˿üƬԲϣһʯͻȻ⣬ϵĻ޵ͼȫϣڶʯ𣬵ʯ𣬵ĸʯ𡭡תۼ䣬ƬԲϣ˸ʯȫҫ۵Ĺâһ罻֯ɢķ
䣡
𶯣ΪģһɰƻȻ֣ͬ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǰʮĸǿȫɣڿѪ
ʯʥֱӱɫǿҲ𾪣ô£
ͬʱһʿҲ󺧣ݡ
ʮĸǿߣȻ
ƬƺƺһĿˣ
⡭
˶졣
ȻֵԲ˫ۣСӣʲôȻܹĳ˵˶ܿͻȻıʣǺйء
ûʲôһѡ

Ƭĵһʱ䣬ԲмȻһʯʱ;ЩŹ֣Ǻ棬ʯϵͼʱ̲סȥһ£Ҳһʱͷһ֣ЩͼھȻмΪ΢ĻתЩͼƣȻƣ
ʱתһַ֣ԲźǰʯƵ߹Ϣǻ߸ʯ߸ʯϣҲͼƹɵƣ߸ʯǰǸʯһ𣬸ڲͬλϣ֯һ
󣬿ɷѹУɱһںܲĴһ̣Ҳ֪ˣܲһ㣬⣬Ŵܡʱ뿪ʯǰʯϣתһעԼĻǹǿĻת󣬽֮ƿصԼС
ʲôʲôʱµģܿôǿĴ󣿡
ʣʵ̫ˡ
ʱоƬһɷǳ嫵ˣǵƺͨǿ߶ѹơ
˿µģҵġ

ħʯһЩ龧Ƭ߳ʯʱһЩʿ⹬ǿʥص˷׽һɾԴʱΪλа˸ʯӹôһڴ󣬵ǸʥأѹǳɾԴ
ڵǸʱڣǸʥʧˣǣȴǱע֮Ϊ֮УƿС
䣡
ֲĲ֯ˣһɱԻ
Щɱˣһʿ֣ȻǳȴǿҲǲһǸо˾޴в
⡭
Щɱ⡭
ңǡ
ʿš
Ƭռ䣬һɱʵ̫ˣЩͨʿܹ£ȻǷʥӵȼһĳǿҲɵüжǴžɫ
޹صˣ뿪
쿪ڡ
䵭ûȥʿĿֻڳȴǿϡ
ʿһûԥ̶ʱ·Źȥʱطɱֲ̫̫ȻΪ˿̣˵ĻЩﻹͣһСľͱЩɱС
ʱͬʥӺͷʥӵҲûͣԳȥ
Ƭռɱ⽻֯Щ뿪ʱȴǲûȥ
ʥӣҲߣ
ʯʥһǿ߿ڣ⹬Уо˴в
ﬣ
ɱ罣գѹ
ʯ忪ڵĴǿ߶ʱɫֵֵȴһ˲ͱɨˣֱӱ㱻ѹƬȥ۳壬ɫѿ졣
˵ˣһҲߡ

ʯʥӶ죬ɫһٱ䣬ʱ򣬼΢Щˡ
ûдƫͷסʮĸǿߣĿڳϡ
䣡
𶯣ܼɱͬһ㷭ӿƺƵѹȥ
㡭
ۣ
תۼ䣬Уһ˱ɱ֣ը

ǿߴʶ䶯ٳмλþ£
ҡҷֱӻͼǰѹȥǿ߱ؾۣԷ۳ǵĻᡣ
ǿȻͼҲоͼĿ£ʱ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ԭأת䣬ٴδ𶯣ɱ£˷Ŀռȫֱ֣ӽǿɨɳȥͬʱҲĴǿѣ˱ɱѹֱۡ
ˣ
ͼվİɱ⣬Ǹǿ֣ѹ

ҽ𣬳ǿ߾£ѪٴըҲһС
ͨ죬ͨ۷岢ԶʶøǿȻҲǿȫɱתۼĨһǿߡ
ʱ䣬ƵʿԱɫһǿߣȻô򵥾ͱɱˡ
ʣµǿŭ㣬еɱŨˣǶʮ֧壬ɱǿߣɱǵ𣬶ǵǿ񣬾ɱһǿߣ


742 ޵
ǿŭ𣬶Ķ졣ǿ߿ɲ򵥣һڣҪķѺܾõ²ܳһȴɱһǿߡ

ǿ
䵭û˿
Сӣɵĺã
еղţʮǿ߱ɱ⣬ȴתۼ䱻նһˣˬ졣
춢ųǿߣò˶ãǳػᱻȫ˵
εһ壬ϲ򡣡
顣
䣡
һɱ⽻֯һƬɱĻֶ¡
ǿ߱ɱ⸲ǣʱԱɫ
ɢ
񣡡
ɱ
ǿ߸о˴вһ𣬼ǿĳͨ
䵭һתһʱ䣬øӷڡ
պ¡¡죬ֱ
󣬵Ǹʥѹ澳޵еĳɾԴ˵Ŀ¡ԸʿȻֻͨأ޷ӳڴȫƣɱͨʿȴҲ㹻ˡ
һɱѹ£ͬǺ׹һ㡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǿߵͨ飬˺ɣڿоʹڿѪ
䵭һɱ⾶ֱų˱ɱȥ
ĵѣ
ǿ߽еһǿ߿ٳ֣Դͨһɱ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳǿ֣֮߳ͨɡ
Щ˳ǿߣȻǳģΪڶУоڴĿ£ʧȥһˣ˾ͻΣռ֡ǲ𣬶Ųϣƿɱ졣
ǿסΣǿߵлɫǸѿȻҲӶ
ǺȫʩΪһƿ󣡡
һǿߵ
ã
ļǿߵͷ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɱ罣һ飬˲Ϣѹ¡
ʮǿ׼ʩΪһ̱ܼɱѹʱ䶼Ǳɫ
¡һɱ˷ѹ䣬һ˽ǱƵǱܡ
ûлᡣ
䵭
һɱգתۼһǿͷ
㡭
ۣ
ɱ֮ɱģֱӽǿնı飬˵һڳǿ߾ŭУŴ޾ɱһѹ£˲佫ǿߵ鵭ѹķ顣
࣡
ǿתۼѣһǿ߱ɱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ĴǿĺٴθоĿ¡
طôôһǿĴ󣿣ôƿصУ
˵һϵĿʦ

Щǿ߸ɫѿ
ǿߵɫѿĸǿɱȴתۼͱɱˣǿ߰ȻôʧˣǺʧ
ǿ˻𣬸Լɱ졣
һϣɱֹ󣡡
һǿߵ
ʱһǿ߶Ƕ嫵ĵ򲨶ӿ֣һѹȥ
ɫĮ˿Ϊԭء
䣡
Բϣ˸ʯ⣬˵貹𣬺
ǡ
ۣ
˵ɱһѹ£ֱӽһǿ߹ᴩͬʱҲһܼѺۣ·ǹѵմɰ㣬һ̾Ҫ

ǿ߲ҽУѺۣ˲Ϣ㡣
𶯣һ߳Բն¡
͵һǿ߱飬
һǿ߲־ŭģģһĸǿߣڲŹȥãȻǿ߱նˣһ죬ɱ࣬á
ﬣ
̶ɱѸײڶ֮ѹ֡
ɱƺˣ۵һֱӽǿն顣
Ѫ⽦УεΣĿġ
ˣ
ҡҷ۳ͼʶƷӵ¾磬
ǿ߽Աɫ
ʱ⼸Ĵǿȫ֣ͨѹȥ
֪ǻˣ⣬Բϵİ˸ʯٴιâʢ˵񱩵ɱֱӳɶ೤ļĴǿ߶һţһ˿Ƕʶǰ˵ɱǿᣬ˲ͽһڶǿ߹ᴩ궼ܼѺۣڣǰ˵ɱ⳯Լѹһʱ䶼ɵúˣͨʱ
Į˵ɱΪ壬ܼɱ⵲¼ǿѾͨͼֱһǿѪ֡

һĲҽ𣬳һǿ߱ն
һ˲䣬ŵ㣬Ĵǿ߸ɫ䡣
Сӣǿ
Ц
һĻʵˬ
ˬˣȴǿ߿ɾһɫѿˣһ̣Уһǿ߶ǸовһĲ
һߣʯʥɫ࣬ǿˣȴ뾹ôһ档
ƫͷһˣˡ
ĸƽĮһǿ߸һɫøѿǣǡ
һǿߺڣ⣡ƿȴͨɾΪΪĻܹ֧Ŷã
֧ŵɱǡ
ȥ
һ˵ɱâʢֱѹ£ǿ֡
ɫ䣬ټͨȻ˵ɱٶȿ쵽㣬ͨû֧˵ɱѾ£ֱӽ֮˺ķ顣

ǿ߲ҽУŭѪȫ岼˾޴Ѻۡ
ʶûκԥֱѹȥ
룡
һǿߺ
ͬһʱ䣬ĴǿҲһ
ıûʲô仯ֽ̧ӡһתĸ죬貵Ļâ֯Եʥׯϡ
䣡
𶯣ٴβһܼԲϵʯӿתۼ佫УɱͻȻ
ˣ
ЩâʢзԻдѹ£к𶯣ȫɱ۶ɣԶͨɱǿƺƵĳһǿѹ¡
ǣ
һǿ߶ʱٴαɫͬʱ֣塣
ֻǣЩεɱ̫ǿˣƴݿࡣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һڴǿɣԴڿѪ˰ӡ
ҲʱĲҽٴǱĴǿվûбܿͼͱ鲼Ѻ۵ͼֱӷ飬׵


743 նʯʥ
һǿ߶ЩĺˣŹȥãʮǿΧɱϣȴ˱ɱЩǿ߶һֻҵĸо˼ˡ

һǿŭ˫ͨ졣
ƫͷȥûʲôĻһܼɱ⾶ֱû¡
䣡
һɱ϶ɱӿϡ
ǿ߼ͨ⣬Ȼôܵסܼɱ⣬ֱӱ㱻ķ飬ѪĽ
𣡡
ǿߴؾ
ǿӭϣΪ֮壬һͨӭϴĹâ
ĮȲڵϣݺһ
໣
̶ʮͷɫԵص׳ÿһͷʮɳ֯ŨϢʼһǳһǿѹȥʮͷԻ˰㡣
ǣ
ۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ȴǿҲǱɫʮͷ󾪡
໣
ʮХ𳤿գѹʮ졣
ŵӣǣƬصµ޾Ϣ֮ϣ۳ʮͷʴԵĴɱ⹥ɱһǿߡ
ǿ߲Ҵ⣬оЩɫܲһ㣬ҪǣǵϢ̫Ũ·Խ˵궼Ⱦ
䣡
Щǿ߽ǼһĴֶΣӭϹɱʮͷڴ
üļâ˸ҡҷâţһ߳ŭն¡
͵һڶǿؾ۵Ѫ鿪ѣ
ãŸɣ
е
ƫͷŵ˸ǣͬʱתһ߶ĸӷڣһɽ֣ɺɱ۶ɡ
ʶɢǣܼڴɽɱ⣬ѹʮ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һǿߺɣڿѪ
ˣڰӰһǿǰһȭӳ
Ӱǿ߱ɫ㡭
ˣ
ǿһȭݿ࣬Ĵǿ߶Ĳǿ
۵һӰǿֱӱҷɣǿĵһѺۡ
ҲʱӰǿɱϡ
ۣ
ʱӰǿ߱˺飬ֻʣһ𣬿ؾ
ߣϡ
Ȼ䣬Ƭռʮɫһʱ佫Ӱǿ߳û֮ҽСЩɫۻϢ۶ɣ߱ǿĸʴըʴŰӰǿߵꡣ
ˣ
ҡҷһУֱն¡
͵һӰǿߵ굱ն顣
ƫͷĮ飬סӰڶǿߡ
ﬣ
һɱ񽣰
Ӱǿ־ŭӰĳֻͨǣȴֵסֱӱɱ⽫Ĵͨ˺ѡ
Ķ㲻ú
Ӱǿ
ûʲôϧҪģ㣬ǡ
Į飬˫ֽӡԲϵİ˸ʯٴηҫ۵Ĺâɢÿһ綼ͬһ硣̧֣Щгһɱȫɱ֮۶
ﬣ
Ӷ󽣣ɫĮֱնǰ
Ӱǿ߷⣬ȴãһ˲ͱ˺顣
֮󣬼ֻһɲǼ䣬ɢƬռʱâʢɱ⽻֯ٴνӰǿС

Ӱǿ߲ҽУɱѹѪ⣬һδشꡣ
ٶȼ죬ֳͼѹ£ֱӽķ顣
תۼ䣬˵ʿ˸
Ƭռ䣬ɫ䵭һݺɱ⽫еһ㡣
УĴ̫ǿˣǵˣ
һǿҧ
ˣĴϣ˳ȥ
һǿߵ
ѪǿҲͷʱ򱻴ǴھԲλãôȥûĸɣǾͻᱻȫն
ʯǿ߻ʯʥӣɨܣʼͨͻΧ
ʯʥ׿񣬶ޱȶ
ˬ̵ģУǿ߶УһնС˵Ȼ׿ˬСӣ
ƫͷĿʯʥϣû˵ʲôֱӳǰ˹ȥ
ʯǿ߶ʱɫһ䣬ͼ
֣࣬壬㲻κκýʯһǿ߳ڣӦ֪帩ƬԶȺ࡭
䣡
ɱ纣ƺƵӿϣֱӽʯǿߺɣ嵱ը
ϣסʯʥӣһɱٴ۶
ѹ£ɱ𶯣Ǻ׹䡣

ʯһǿʯʯʥǰͬһʱ䣬Ǹʯǿؾ۳Ҳ˹һӭЩɱ⡣
ʯʥʲΪʯǧľţʯǿȻʯʥ㱻ɱ
䣡
ڲĴճϣ¡¡졣
ֻǣ̫һ㣬۶ɱ̫ǿֱ˺ڴʯǿɡ
ŵ˸֮쳹ʮʮͷɫٴγ
ʯʥӣĮͬʱҲŲмͳ

һʮѹ£ͬʱܼɱҲһն䡣
ʯʥɫ䣬𣬳ʯ⡣Ȼɱǿ߶飬Ҵ˿ָ̣飬ʯʥӳܹͨסתۼǱɱ˺飬ܼɱƲѹ¡
ʯʥһ˾֣ɱѹʮֱӽˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʯǿסɵÿһĻʱɫ䡣
࣬ס֣
ɱʥӣƬ֮
ǿͬʱٳȥ
飬ֻвм
Ƭһģ
ĵ
һܼɱʮڴֱѹ£ʯʥӾֵУ۵һ֮ķ顣
ǿ߲ͬʯʥûе壬ֱӱǱɱʧؼ䡣
ɵƯ
Ц


ʯǿ߿˫۶ʱͨ죬Ŀѣĳɱȥ
岻Źģһ֮أ
һ˻
һǣܼɱѹϣֱӽ˻ʯǿ߸¡
۵һ˱飬ѪĽ
üĹâţζֱ߳߳ӳǰնȥ
Ҳʱ󷽵ĹڴХ˵ϢӿͬˣƬռ¶ȶʱȻ󽵡


744 ȫ
ɫϯϢޱŨңתۼѣͷʬǰĹг嵽Ƭռ䣬Ͻǳ˺ëɭɭԵ׿
̵ģô嵽ˣۣѪζģ
ͷʬʼֵͷǶմȾʺѪȻǰɱ˲ʿ˲Ѫ⾫
𣡡
ͷͨ죬ĺɫŨĺˣʹ߰㡣
˾˵ϢȻǹȴǿҲǱɫ󾪡
ıƽɨͷһûмɵ
ͷУͷע⵽죬֮ǰ׷ͷ˿̶죬ƺ뵽ʲôɵһ
ǻǵ֮ǰ£ں£
Ц
𣡡
ʱٴ
ͷƵϢͬһ㣬ֱӳƬռĹǿɱȥ
ȴǿ߶ӦͷĿ£Ҵ⣬ͨѹϡ
𣡡
˻Х˼ǿߵĵںںڵĹֱ˺һС
׿񡣡
䣡
ǿ߸չ˴ͨսͷâڹݺƬռ䡣
ʱƫͷסһʯǿϣһĴɱ⾶ֱѹȥֱӽ֮ǡ

ʯǿ߲ҽУѪһαɱն顣
ңֻһ˲ѣתѹ£ѹ
͵һʯǿߵ飬
ʯһǿһĻŭ˫۸Ѫˣһʯֱӳɱ
ûʲôһǿɱ嫺һ׹£ʯǿѹȥ
飡
ʯǿߵͨ飬˵ɨɣǡһͷԱߡ
ͷֱ˹ȥһڽʯǿߵĺҧϣ漴׿ץʯ˵壬һľѪȫɹȥҲһˡ
һĻĹȼǿ߶һΪ֮ݡ
𣡡
ʯǿߵѪ⣬ͨ죬ס죬ֱ
һһƣͬһ㳯ѹ˹ȥ
һͷ֮ǰûиӦö񵰵ϢӦ
û˵ʲôһĴɱֱӳǰѹ¡ͬһʱ䣬Ȳڵ΢΢һ𣬶ʱ䣬̶쳹˷ʮͷڴɱһǰѹȥһײʮԶ
죺
ײɵû죬Ǿͽһǿߡ
ǿӦһͷ׿ɱ˿һͷѹǵ˴ùͷ˺һֱۣѪˮɡ
ϣ
ǿŭϵֱգۼ۶ֱһͨͷ˳ȥ
ȴûͷ̫Ĵˣһ˻𣬾ٴ˹ȥ
ǿ־ŭһƬƬϯƬռ䡣
˳
һǿߵͺ
ͬʱѪǿҲڣ֮ͨ⣬Ҫɱȥʱ˵ʮǿѾֻʣˣ壬ټʱͷ˹˸յľ뿪
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɱͬһƬѹƣǿߡ
ǿ߱ɫһ˵ᴩѪˮա
˵ˣһҲ뿪
Į
΢ɱѹ£ʱͷһɱǿߡ
ʹù弸ǿ߸ӷŭ
ǹɱǣʱѣҲкýᱻ˺飡
Ѫһǿŭ
ƽˡ
£תһøӷڣһɱѹ£ֱӽѪڵǿ߻顣֮󣬼ͬһʱ䣬ͷֱ˹ȥͬʳһ㽫Ѫȫ뵽С
תۼ䣬ﻹʣǿߣΪ֮һɫЩ԰
ʱ˺ˣͬʱޱȷŭ׷ɱ죬ʮǿһѹӦܰٷְɱŶԣ뵽طȻһڿµϹŴ󣬶ңȻѾƿصУǵԼһͷڡͷµ嵽ϼա

һǿ߱һͷץס˺飬ȡ߻ѪͬʱҲһС
𣡡
ͷ׿һëҲĸǿߡ
ʱ䣬ĸǿ߽ǱɫͷϢֱͬĺһ㣬Ĳһͨǰӭϣ˿⡣
䣡
ɱͬڵĻһͼƵȻεɱٴθƺƵĳĸǿѹ¡
۵һһǿֱ߱ѹ飬ѪⱻһͷɹȥֻʣһǱĴӳ
Ҳʱ򣬲֮˸ֱѹ¡
ǿ߶ʱɫұ䣺ס
ͣ
ɫĮѹ£ֱӽǿߵķ顣
תۼ䣬طʣˣѪһˣˡ
ˣʹ˰֣ǿԵʲôûз
һǿ߳
¼ûм˻᲻ʱǿ߿ʼʾ
ƫͷȥмһЦ
ڷŹԷԷĻᵱʲôûзⲻǸЦˡЩɱЩˣʥӵҲǾȡЩɱʱûгɹƵʾģŹԷ
ܣ
ﬣ
ɱֱѹ䡣
ڵˣĨɱõѡ
ۣ
ǿըͷϣֱӽѪһɵ
һǿ𣬾ŭޱȣڹʢ
Ķ

û˵ʲôֱɱѹ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ͷҲХˢˢȥ
ɱ⶯ɭɭ۵һһǿ߱˺飬ѪȫͷɵĲ
ʣһ

ǰƬռɱʮǿߣʣѪһˡ
Ѫǿһǿ־塣
𣡡
ͷХֱ˹ȥ
Ѫǿ߶ʱ˵ͷڵϿʳĲҽҽвûгãԼʮ󣬲ҽǳʧ
ȥϣѪǿֻʣһɭɭ׹ǣѪȫͷûҲһ̵
𣡡
𣡡
𣡡
ͷĹøǿᣬ졣
һ̣ͷͬʱƫͷ۱øˣ붢ס죬ȻԭӦöϢͷʱҲټɵˡ
ȡ˼ǿߵľѪǱǿ˲١



745 Դ
ͷĿʱ죬һƬ׿񣬽ԴɭȻѪı顣
ɫ֯⣬ͬһŲȥ磬Եøӿ¡
СӣӦ
ʵ
ƿĴȻնǿߣͷɱһĴǿ߻Ҫ˼ǿߵľѪԸһˣЩġ
𣡡
µһ˲䣬ͷ˻׿ĳ˹
˵Ϣӿһɿ级ˣֱӽͷƷȥʱŭͷСӣ@#ĸ׵ģ
ɫƽһڣɱ⳯мλûۣͼԻɽԻɱ۶ɣͷϡ
ͷɨɣһ̱վ˻
ﬣ
ɱͬ񽣰һνͷɣǱúǱ
ʱԲϵİ˸ʯΪ貵Ĺâ类ͷȫȫǣм䣬ӶݳȥУֻ
طĴô
졣
ͷɲһĴǿ߿ȣȴǱѹˡ
ǺϾǵǸʥѹɾԴķ󡣡

һ㶣ô֪
µġ
˵
תһԻܴ߶֮ӳǰǿ
ʱ䣬ɱ£նͷڲͣķ
𣡡
ڹϯķռ䶼ʴ˴Ƭһ飬Ѻ˲鲼
̫а¡

ͷ̫׿Ƿμȥ֪֮ú飬ȻϣǣȻó
Ȳڵ΢΢һƱ鲼˲Ϣ䣬̶ٴ쳹
ΪģƸֶ󣬵ص£޾İ𣬻ʮͷɫֱӳͷѹȥ
ᣡ
³һۡ
֮ǰһߴ߶طһ߰вһ󣬴˿ǣƬص׵ϢŴɱ⣬ֱͷû
䣡
쳹ʮһκ˵ɱƣͷУ𣬲ҽȴôҲѲȥʮ뱻ѹŨѪ
ۣôǿǳүԤϡ˵ţЩ죬Ǻ棺СӣղƺǣΪãôģ
ǣΪã֮Ϊɱһ˿£٣ͬȳ̶ȣίʵЩ档
ˡ

ʱƲ죺СӣװʲôװС
˵ĺûһ

ܵĴðɱҲʧΨһĿѪ
˸΢⣬صס
˰СӣˣıҩʲôģҲȡˡ

ʲôн֮֯⣺ǻѹһԴ𡣡
һĻ˼ҵԴˣ
ࡣ

ŵӣ콣һŵصն¡
һƿһ޴ѺۣʱйͬʱҲżΪŨܣ֮ǰǷʯڵ龧ƬҪǿʢϺü
ʱȣǣ
һĨâնһͨ··
֮ǰƬռʱص׵оŨܣԴǱѹ·˿̣ѾȫնʿҲ뿪ʱԲصˣȥѰԴĴ
ŵصףһǿȥͬʱ֣򿪵ȱ·ס
Խâ·һֱصʮɵλãͣһƬտĵ򡣷ȥʬȹʬҪطĿ䵽㣬ɫһƵĽ֯ڿС
˫ۣﾹȻôʬǣôģʬ̫ˣȡһ̣ǶݣЩʬǸԶռƮǹ㣬Ũ㣺
ƹܼʬǰһȦ磬һŹѹУޱǿʢ
ˡ

˵ɾԴ죬˵԰ɣȷʵǿʢɾԴֹôһ㣿ͨԴ߱ҲԶǿɣ
ǺŨǺǿʢԴȣȴǲ̫̫ࡣ
˵ԴǣЩǳʢԴ۳˵ţǰȥ֮ùô࣬ЩļֵܸߣڶʱϸߵĲΡ
ǰȥѹһŹĽϣļлâ˸
ⷽ۶ɣתһֱӿ뵽˽С
ʱ䣬Ũ֮ƣоë׶չ˿ڣڵöڵСһﶼɵѣѽѽĻ
ˣ
ͻȻһѹֵĲٴγ֣ʹһæͷ
ģ̫ŨˣүЩѹƲסˡ

֣â˸ҪͻƵľٴѹȥǴڵص£ʲô׼ҲûУ٣Ȼһȫ£Ͼٿʿ֣ңǵڶοͨɾƱػǰ¡
Ҫȥң
˵ŨУһСľͻƵͨ漴١
ɣ̵ģôŨүȴΪٶֻܿãһˬͷԾ𣬻Ƶطɣү͵ЩȪˮˣүϴ裬үϴˮ
ͷ϶ʱðܼĺߣһƽƦķɳȥ
һôåֱԭϥ¡
ǵڶҪͨɾ磬ͨɴһ֮ǰǴοûκ׼£Ժ٣Ӧ֪ж⡣
ѵ
ۣүס
ǲٶ˵ʲô̫ľתâ͸
ˣ
ƬУЩסʱͬˮһ㣬ƺƵĳӿȥÿһëӿڣת۱ǽѪⶼˡ
ֻоͨˬûס
æ񱣳̫ľתĸӿЩͶĴǰǡͬһʱ䣬ڵöҲǶˣ緢âһ𣬿⡣
ˣ
ɫâ֯⣬طܼ࣬ǿõʬǡ
쾲ɢϢԽԽǿ
Ҳʱ壬һģͻȻԺС


746 
һԺͻȻֵĻЩģȴ֮ȥһ֡һԽգѰһԴʿгҲѹȥ󣬻ѪһƬԴڣʹһѪըܲҲ֮ûʲôãһʿȺ
תۼ䣬ʬһһߵ׹䣬ѪˮȾ˵رգ漴һ̣ԻдһڣϢǣ˫Ѫᣬһ׿Դ˺ѷ죬ʮʿ˽ȥ漴飬һ߾ʬŹʼ³ǿų빬ڡ
˲Ϣֱʧݡ
Ȼֻôһɲǣȴ࣬Ϊ㡱еǳ֮ҲڹʯǸˡ
꣬ѹԴʧܣۿһͽʱħǿдͻƵ磬Դ»ŵͽΪѹƲסħԣ˺ѷ죬ŵͽУùصףڹڽԼӡ
΢
һУõЩ
ʬЩǵʥصͽʬ䣬ĿڽڵԴϣǸ˵ɾԴµԴΪԭ򱻽
ԭ
жݡ
΢΢Ժ֮Գһ棬ӦǵħʱɾԴͬʱдԴԺСһ룬ǳʥأĺǿˣȴǰ֣ϧ
ʱʥصսȥ׽Դˣ飬һǿ߻ȻȻҲͻٵˡ漴æҡҡͷˣ
ѾȥңĹϵվԼת̫ľͶ뵽С
ˣ
â֯⣬ǿʢ
תȹԴ֮Ѫ⣬ʹļϢһŸ߲롣ȻֻʣһЩԴǣϾǳɾԴ߱ɺǿʢ
ĬĬתۼǰʱȥ
䣡
һ̣һǿϢڳɢϢʱǿࡣ
˫ۣ˫ͫȾһɫ֯һϡ
ȥô͵ͨˣɾԴǲһ㣡ôоСٿԿͨء˵ţһޣ̵ģүֻܿãʲô@#
бһۣ±۾̫ľתĸ졣ͨ죬ʱԴŲ٣ûͣ£Ͷ뵽֮С
ˣ
ɫһƵĽ֯ţϵϢ
ͬһʱ䣬ԴԱߣö񵰻ԱøˣһƵԴ͸屻ɵڣʹԽӹ
ʱ䣬һһš
ܿ죬ʱȥ
䣡
һΣһ쫷ϯΪĵ
ͨ졣
ֹ
ʱ˫ۣâһţȻҲǸоԼľ硣ȭͷø̣øӨҲøӵĻ
ã

ĸоԼʵֱǿࡣ
һ룬һطˣûкķ̫õʱ䣬ͨͨأǴֱͨӿͨأջ񿰳ƾˡ
³һĬĬת̫ľﻹд΢Ϊ
ˣ
ĽɫҲǱ˲٣ȴ
̫ľתƽ
ˣ
ʱһͻȻʯ£Ƭռζ
һ⣬γɵĽб飬ռζĸһʯ¡
ۣɫһ䣺֮ǰҴսڣҪˣ
ү֪ߣ
ĥС䵽ͷקͷ

һ죬طĵ飬ֱ³һƬԨ
â˸ֱϳ壬ͬʱ콣նܼĽâҪһͨ·ȻֲδԸϷĵ̮µʯ̫ʵˣͬѹ㣬ĽâȻǿᣬȴ޷һ˲նô㣬оţϷĴƺҲ̮Ϊնͨ·
ѽҪɣ
ȻҲ£Ӳûиɳ
ɨܣص鿪İԨһ۹·һ
۹⣿аӣ
ǰһ
ûԥɫڣһ·İԨú׹ɰʯͷ䵽·ͨͨȻˮ·ֹȥĽˮϣصİӣˮ
ѭˮķܴ߳ȥ
˵
ǻϻʲôߣٹһᣬ͵ñʯȫûˣ
е
Ϸ޴ʯ㲻ͣ£һˮ
û˵ʲôɫâ֯ѭˮķһʮԶ
ƬµİԨǳ󣬰ͬһ㣬Խǰ߱ԽǿһһЩ죬İӣǵһμ
߹
һֽйĶӰӵײѪâһϮ졣
΢ݣ漴̧֣һһɫӡ
ɫӳӰĹΪһȫۼ׵飬ֱ֯ӱһĳƬ
·İӵҲӰ죬һЩа顣

ͷûж˵ʲôˮ棬ѭˮķǰС
֮󣬰ӱøЩײвϢ䣬ȴĨɱ󣬽ģΪԶƬռ䣬ˮûٳ
ʱһΣϣת۱ǰ¹ȥ
@#̵ģʲô˰ˣû߳ȥ

ʲôûʲôʧ

ôүҪͨɽ٣Ҫͨɾܲ𣿡

첻˵ʲôˣĬĬѭŰӶС
ʱһţתۼ䣬ǰ¹ȥ
һ죬ӵˮļˮͻأխ࣬ңͬһʱ䣬ǰеĹһȱڡ
лһĨ΢⣬ԱÿһЩܿǿ絽ȱڴӳ˳ȥȥǰһĴһ紵ˮһԶ˿ȥ
ǣ
ƶҰܣһʱЩʲôط
ͷȱʲôطоҲûʲôΣյϢϽѰտЩĵطү׼һ£Ҫͨɽˡ


747 صİ׼
߶Щԣ˵ڰϵʱ߶Ŷɽٵ£䶼ˡ
֪ˣҡ
˾䡣
ǰȥƺһСĵ죬ֲôïܡ
ȥɽٰɡ
˵
ȥǵƺ鲻࣬Ѱһտĵطɽ٣Ӧò⡣
ٶȺܿ죬ϾѾﵽͨ죬дתۼ֮ϡٽ죬ֲԶ뿴ʱҪϡ裬н֯һɻϢֻżȻҰ޵
ڿСϣſʶ̽úѰһǳտĹȵء
ˣ
Ƭȵصĵƶ񤣬ɳĮĻò˶ˣɽٺܺʡ
ͷԾ£һצȡֶڵϰŪţԵý档ңͬһʱ䣬ҲΪӡһӴķ
СӣԶһ㣬үѪ˫ͨپͺܲһ㣬ǵڶζͨɽ٣ǷͬСɣҪǱǣȥСʱүڳչ㡣

ɨһۣú˵ʲôԹԵĳȥ
ԶǷſϢһ˲䣬Ƭֱӱī
ˣ
һɫ罻֯Сһսս𺳵ĳ
䣡
䣡
䣡
׹䣬գۼ㽫Ƭȵû
󺿣
վԶһľĶԶԶȥɫƬȵأٹⲻͣ䣬ŤسݣͨΪµķҲûܹ֧ŶãתۼǱɫ˸顣
ȻҵͨҪ࣬ҲܿˣԶһ˵ͨɴٿȡ

ǰ٣ڳΪһھ޴󱦺â֯
в죺Ʒ
ˣ
֮ⲻ䣬ƬȵصĴתۼýƲ
ʵ֮һƷ֣ܿǿⳡ٣߲Ʒɹⴹ£Ϊµתۼ˸ס
ֵͨɾˡоȣϴοͨɾʱǿһ࣡
ʱ쵽ɶ೤ͨۼâԵúǲ
۹ЦһΣôСүպ´ﵽ۷壬羳£˭үĶ֣һΣ·үһܺܿ³˵ܴʮأ
վԶʱģݺݸһƵĸо
ͨ˸⣬ɫۼױøӨЩɫ֯һǵһǿ磬ϯȥǿľˡ
Сӣô

ʵ඼˶٣סҪԺҷɣ
˵ķǳޣˣе˼Ǻ@#үүģ붼룡
ҵ˼żҷһ£û˿ϵ̫ˡ
Ĳĵ
΢΢ٱС·ɻأͷ
ɨһۣûطͣڿն𣬳Զȥ
Сӣүˣ￿ںصԵλá
˵ȥʮٵط֮ǰæŶ٣ûܣʱɹ٣һۣȻǼǰطһΡ
塣쵹Щ죬طԭǿźأ͹һεĴ壬ǵãϾƹһۺܲáҡҡͷҲû⣬ֻҪ岻ͺá⸽ĵط𣿡
ɾʶˣүǰƬй֪⸽һ֮ܲأǳʺͨɾʿ
ָ˸λá
ͷλãֱȥӲ죬Ҳ
ϣú󿴵ԶмʿɢϢ
ʥӵҲǵģⶼȥһʱˣǶôܻţ
ǰ޹ϿҺĴǿ߶٣ǶôܻţǸŮǺܽ˾ޣĵһŮҲٰʥӵôôִţǵҪһʱ䣬ÿնǲһȺȥ޹ϿţǸŮӻ߳Ƶġ
һ׵ĺʿͻȻȫΪǸŮӣΪ
ʲô
ɫ׵ĺʿ˵Ƕúܲ򵥣ʥӵżȻŮӣΪ使뽫֮ΪУȴǲ㱻Ůӵֳɱһλ̫ϳϸϵʥӵ¿ɾΣˡλ׷ǶãûܳɹѹǶ޹Ͽ
ʿŵʱ׷УλϷ֣ǸŮӵֳȻ塣ʥӵ²ᵽǸŮӣᵽŮӵֳԴĴҲԴԾ֧֡
ʲôɱʥӵ£壿
кʿ
׵ĺʿһæС㣡żȻԶԶĴһģһֱϢûм֪ʥӵ²㱻ɱ£û֪£ҪǱ˵֪鷳ģ
ȺʿԶΪǿ󣬼ʿɻĶУʱŲһ٣˹ȥ˵⡣
ɻ󣺡ôˣ
첻ԶȺʿһͿ˹ȥ
Ƕã壡˰Ͱ⣬˭
ֻ˲ѣȺʿǰ
˭
ࣿ
嵽ҵǰ𣡡
ʿһ漴ŭжк⽻֯
ûһ仰һƽһںʿɨɣֻɫ׵ĺʿֱӽ֮ץѰʶƬ֮ʿʶѰȺʿеġǶáʵգȻǰͰ
ɫ׵ĺʿ֣㣬㾹Ȼ
к⽻ֱ̧֣֯һƽʿɣС
ϣֱתϷ򣬽ɫâ͸ŲһΣͬ
СӣͻȻôˣ㵹֨
ͷ
ҺҪѱĴǿ߱ƽһأѾȥһˣ

ɫܲÿ׺ʿʶУѰǿǶõգȷʵǰͰ˱һ޹Ͽڣ޹ϿǺʿʶУ֪һأų޹飬вٴǿ档
ԴƬ󣬾һֱѰ˵ټ֪ڣȴˣȻһѾһʱˣ


748 
΢Ȼܹ顣
ʱ࣬˵Ѿȥһʱ䣬ǡ
û˵꣬˼ȴǷĸ֣׶༪١
ɫ⽻֯ŨŨĵǣȴǼᶨǶһˣǻţѣ
䣡
ܺһ˲ʮɣ·ǻһɫ磬ѿա
úǰһ޵Щˣϱ鲼ïʢֲ
ѭŴɫ׵ĺʿʶõ޹ϿϢԶԶľһҰ޵𶯳աû⣬󵺺ٶȱøЩúһ޴Ͽǰ֯ܡ
ࣿ
ʿ뿪
ĪҪǰһݹҵ飡
ϿоŸǿأΪ׵һ˾Ȼͨǿڡʱ쿿⼸ʿһƬ䵭˿˿Ƶɱ⡣
ɫ׵ĺʿʶе֪ʥÿնｻأֻҪֶ֪߳ͨڣдǿ˲ϵԣкʿţûа⡣
ʵϣҲû顣
ϣֱǰ
޹ϿľŸʿɫЩǰʿȻǵĻ

Ϊ׵ĺǿߵ
ûһ仰һ˲ŸǿǰƷɽУ콣ĵһʱ䣬Ѫ⽦䣬ȴΪ׵ͨĺǿ⣬İ˸ʿһ˲㱻콣âնѪ
Ϊ׵ĺǿߺˣʱɫ䣬ȿս㡭
̽ɫֱ֣ǿ߸Уֱķѡ
ͨɾʱɱͨǿߣﵽͨأ־һδδսսѾǱȵǿ̫̫࣬ͨͨǿߣڵУ߹ûʲô𣬴
Ͽ⣬Կеİɫ֯УԵЩãһۣûʲôԥֱӿϿڡ

ʼһϿУʱ䣬һʱ䣬ʱȣʱºͣʹһһ΢΢һ֮ǰϿڣһƬƽ˾ֻЩɫ֯Уɽȴ㳡
򵥣йŹ֡

ͷֱǰȥ
ƬȵֲԶûïܣڵرϣżԿһɢҵĿݹǣƸǴ۸ӣԱʶУȻİͰȴҲûд⣬ϾطǾأһڡ
ǰУƬȵܿʱ
ǰռֲҲܼ࣬һӰǰȭ⣬˿˿Ƶâϣһ׵ǿ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶһŮԵú鶯ҲչΣһֹŷ
ͷ
һϲô򵥾Ѱˣǳ˿˹ȥ
¡
Ҳʱ𣬱ԴһԣֹסŲ
һͬǲ˰㣬ǰĳȫɢﲢûа׼õӰΨһСȪغʵرð˿˿Ƶİɫ
ʱһǡ
챦챦ˣүˣ
֪ʲôʱѾͷ룬Ƶĳǰڷɹȥ
ֱ̧֣ӽ֮ץ˻ɫڣ֮ʱ΢΢һ
աղšүԪ챦ˡعȻ֪ղʵħĶˣħԸţȻֱӰ񣡡
ǰ档
ָǰ
еâ˸ԴһС
̧ͷȥĿðŰȪϣһСӡȵȣͻȻۼ׶㵹òǴ˵ذɣ
أ˼壬ȡ꣬شб鲼Σյĺܣǿֻþ뵽һ˳Уһ˲ᱻ꣬ȻǿҲ⡣
ģȻǴ׵أȻⶼУۣЩļ£漴Щȣ˼죺˵СӣȻӰ죬ⶫɲǸħħԿȵˣúܣһȻĳǿҲѣȻû£ôģ
ҡͷûж˵
ţʵҲ˻þУңǻþʵ̫ʵˣѰҵˣ˵ǸʱȻûʾӦֻرԴ⣬Իסʹӻþ룬ʱҲΪֻرԴ֮⻷⣬ʹء
ǰСЩйȥ
ȱ𼱰رȻ׵أˮȴϡıҺƬڿأǴԵϽȡһЩȳˮ˵ˮôĺܣ󱦵ϴ׳꣬ɰʿɵˣ䱦е䱦
󱦵ϴ׳꣬ɰʿǲضԣܾˣˣƶʿΪµģ޸ӰиԴεĺãصĳˮȴǾ˵ˣԣȳˮȻǶǿҲǷǳҺ
ֹסǰȥĽŲ˵ͷʯȡˮУӡ֮һһ⡣ʵ֪ˮЧֻ̫ڵǰͰİΣһʱˡ
ϵȫɽˮ󣬽ȡҲʢȳˮйأϿȥ
߹غ󣬿еİɫĵ˲٣ֲܵǲôïܣϵǽЩ
˵Сӣү죬ѱ棬Ҳأ᲻ᡭ
ڡ
ᣬκβǡ
˵
ţֻرԴԣסŰͰҲһҲ壬ʱԴ̫ԴһҲӦʵҲһ˵ǿ󣬲սϣ棬ͺñأǿ߿ñУѲˣȴ
ЩأȻܽǽŲȴתǧɡ
ǰżʬ壬ȥǿҲܿͨɾǿߣȴǱİ㣬ʬڵͬľ̿
кܾ˵֯ڿС

ͷлһĨâ
ȻҲܲ֯ƬеҶޱϤеǰ


749 Ѱ
ɨܣԵһƬƽ̹ΨֲϡЩ潹ڣ˲١н֯âֹɱ˼ͷͨɾޣȷʵ棡˶٣Ǽȥ
Ƭ޹ϿǳҲ䣬ǱȽ
𣡡
߳ԼɺһŰë޳ͫ׾޴Ұ̣ͷһֻǣ֮ǰļͷ޵ʬǳƣֱӳɱ
ͨɾء

ͷƷɽһ콣ն
۵һͷޱնͷ­ڵϳ鴤˼±û˶
ǰȥУȺޣ򵥣ʵǿŨҲûرµģնǱնɱڽ¡
תۼ䣬Ƭ޹Ͽ߹ʱ䡣
һ죬ڵϷһɫʯ֯żΪϢȴɭ
ʱ䣬пٻһĨ⡣
ǣƺ̫ԭʯ
졣
ǡ
ӵϽʯ𡣵ССʱ֪ͰСڵһ̫ԭʯѰһ̫ԭʯʯҲ֪ͰϿȸĵط
ȥ
һ䣬Ӹ죬һʮɣһӰƬϿ˸
ֿ˲ʬǣ࣬к壬ʮһķǳã˸Ө֮⣬һ֪ʬǰǳǿ󣬳Խͨɾ磬ӦƬغ޹ϿڵĴǿߡ

ֽ𣬴ӵص׳һ֫鲼ۼףȴԲ飬Ϣǿľˡ
ޣϲΪʳȰ벽ǿˡ

ʶ㣬֮ԼҲ壬ⶫȻ֪ĺ
޹Х̶һԾ죬ͬǼá
ûʲôɽһִ콣ֱն䡣
۵һ޽ѪɣȴûȥһֽУٴ˹
̽ɫ֣£ֱĳࡣ
Ǳ̬һͷȰ벽ǿߵޣôˡ
ֹ
ȥܿйǧɡ
һ̣ǰ־ĳɫɽͬͷڴϣγһԲֲֲȴϡ裬Ҵ඼ǿήˣûʲô
ɽγһԲص㡣
ֹ
춢ǰͫȴֱһ
컯ء

컯أ΢㶣ʲôõط
򡣡Уشǲ۷徳˶пܱû
۷ǿ߽붼п̵ܱЦСӣۣ漴ֵ˵ˣǶ򣬾Ȼ컯յ֣ëɣĸ˵ȡ
𡣡

ۣ˿Һүղʲôû˵ʮ޵ʷϣŴ޵֮ˣֱ̧ѹϰ˻ģҲòǾĴ澴η
춢ǰơ˵УͻȻ仰һͣ˵âֱֱɽ䣬ڷŵһ˲Ϣо̫ԴϢǴǾɽ䴫
Ҫȥ
м
̫ԴϢǿǰеϢ
ɶûĴͷϵСӣ㲻˵Ƕ𣿲۷ǿ߽жܻ߳𣿲λҲ˲ɣ
ӦϢҵѣӦþͱ컯ڡ

ǰоâ֯
ſڣЩĸоѡط
ȷʵܲ򵥣ǵգпµ顣˵ңһ˽ȥ
еľâŨЩнɫԾ
Բˬ˵ʲôأү̰ôˣҪȥȻһȥʲô죬ҪС
Ļ쵹Щ죬ЦҶĿ࿴ˡ
ǰȻѾ˵ˣȻ飬ֱӳžɽȥͬʱ˵ȻҰٷ֮ٿ϶кȫˣɰٻеģشһҲһЩԡ
Ʋ죺ԵĻࡣ
á

ֱߣܿǽ뵽ɫɽķΧ˲ϢѣƺóһѹֵϢܡ
⡭ǲһ㡣
ֹ
ͷ֮󣬲ܷʲôͷҪҶ
ɽڣԵС࣬ÿһ£ŵ׶˸ɿûصף̽Ѱܴơѭ̫ϢĲǰλöȥ
ˣ
ͻȻ𶯣ǰиԼʮɵħӰ֣״ɽѹ
һʱ䣬Ƭռ䶼ڻζƺҪ̮˰㡣
@#ʲôСӿ
Ӳûɳ
𶯣Ĵžͺãش۳ɵĻʵϲڣֻӰѡȻһ֣ܿռ̱鲼ɱ⣬Ҷʵĵɱ⣬벽ǿҲסᱻɱ

۾ɵĸ˼֣ٵģȷ
϶
ƽǲòţԾ͵Ǿ޴ħӰ
һħӰ̧ȣɽһѹ£·
ѽһ֮ʵģүһ͵ñԴСӣҪоˣүŹģ
û˵ʲôֱӳǰ
¡
Ǿ޴ħӰһ£ҡػΣһ̣ȴ䴩˹ȥûзκ¡
õģ
ۡ
첻˵ʲôĺйɣǰ
ûãٴҡһͷʬѪⸯãɢϢ
οƭүСӣֱֱĿȥ

ġ
˵
ֱӽ¯淭ӿͷʬûС
ʱ䣬̶ĺХʬͬһƾ˰㡣
@#ģ

Ʒɨⲽӣתƹʬѭ̫ϢĲǰ
Сӣôɵ
ʵ
ɷ۶ɣɱһЩڲ˷ʱ䡣
˵
ӦϢҳʱȥɱһͷʬ
ŶҲͲ˵ʲôˡ
첽Ӳŵƽ֯ʮ̽Ѱ·
ȻҵͰڡ컯ءȵطȴǲҴ⣬ΪУߴһпܻòֽ
𣡡
йɾ룬ǰ˻ɷˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɷУ̫ϢҲǼΪŨŨҵ
־ϲŲ죬ɫâ貶Ŀͬһǰ
ɣʯǰһأһͷͷ۵ڹһŮŮսãһ㽣ӿǿܾˣͷ۵ȴûʲôãһƵĺˡ


750 ж
ЩϲŮǱˣѰõİҵˣ
ͨâ֯һ˹ȥɫȭͷѹȳգͷ۵䣬ֱѹһƬա
飡
һͷ۵ֱӱɣԶԶһ޴ʯϡ
ɳǹοһ㣬İˡ
˭
͸ɳǰὣأĶǰһ̣òʱʱסˡ
ϴЦ겻ʶˣ
ģ漴ۡһһգһֱ˹һѱס죬Ľģ˰㡣
ŮеķƮǼ⣬ദĵΣϵЦŨЩ
ӴСӣԭС˱ѹּת
Ǹ͡
ôåԴ
ľϲлعʱæɿ죬˳ӣһ꣬Ϊ뿪һ¾ͻءҲǸɣԱԹһ䣬ܿͿҵأǹȻǺԵ֡
غټͦˣʶһɨְľ磺ͨ죬Ϊ´˷ЦŵҲøƯˡ
ʵҲôá
ƱøƯˣﻹͦ˵ġ
챻ˣһô
ιιι⣬ٯٯôүˣ

첻̧ͷȥЩ棬ָ˴
Ȼ죺һ涥ͷϸ
죺
ޣСʲô񣿣үΰ㶮
ˣһޣȻһС棡
˵ţŰһſ
ʱԲƯĴ۾ųˡOͣȻ򣿣
죺
@#
ʵЦջסˡ
䣡
ʱҺԶһȭҷɵͷ۵վɷˣһɼΪǿϢһɹ쫷硣
콫ﻤ̧ͷȥ
Сģͷ
˵
ҵᣬԴ̫ˡ
С˵ҿɲ벽ǿ߶ҵĶ֡ңһдδչأʩչвҡ

ţСﴵţƤһСŮޣܴù벽ǿߣ˵ţɫںڵģУҪүС棡ү
šС桱ƺίʵײǽĳ嶯
ðɡͷС㡣
@#⻹Сأ
춢ǰͷ飬ʶһɨо˶ԷǿԿһĴǿˡȻֻϿȴǿߣԸֶκһۺϱȽϣԷȴǺĴǿž޴Ĳࡣ
ԳǴ޵С

Сʵù
ȻʧЦ㶼˵ܴһɣ
ðվŲԼǰһɫ͸
ͨɾѽգգ漴Щɻֹ֣оϢˣǰɲϢңǰԪҲǽɫ
ǰͨɾʱ޵Ǿͨɾ̫ľȡ֮ϵϢȻЩ仯ɫҲǰԪɫͬ
𣡡
ʱǰͷ۵粽ֱһѹ¡
һն˺ˡ
粽ǰֱȭɫȭͷ𶯳ա
飡
飡
飡
ĳȭٶȺܿ죬ֻɫȭͷԵֱۣһ𶯲
۵һѪˮըͷ۵鱻һֱۡ
ǿųˡOͣղʩչǿĽȴûһۣڣ쿿ŴȭͷͽԷһֱ۸ˣʵЩ졣Ҳֻһ˲ѣһǲپȣСֹǺǰһǿĸһ
ǰͷ۵˻׽Ա۾ѪһƬ
û飬ȭе绡֯ǿһȭǰѹ¡
ۣ
ѪҺ䣬ͷ۵鱻ϲ񷣬µֱȫը
ŲһΣһ̳ԱߣԽɫȭͷѹ¡
ˣ
񱩵һȭͬʥı˰㣬ᴩգݺͷĸ
۵һͷķѣֱڲը
ˣ
ۡ
콵£²ڵϣصǰЦô
ΪͨɵøӻȻҲǱøǿᡣǣһĴǿߣҲܹеù
ͱ̬һ
ﾪȡ
죺
᲻˵ˣʲôкͱ̬һ
飬ҿɨ£Щɻ
أ
ʵ
ȴûм֪֡Ψһÿ۰ĺܣܻðһǿ顣
ʱͬʱίĳ˳ӣɽֵĺܣҺ͸ô߲ȥա񣬺ǰǱһȺϮҺ͸ɢˣһֱҲ
ȻѹְһԿͷ۵ȴԭɢˡԴοģͷӦûңҲ֪ǿʲô£ϽѰ
ͷߣǶ˸ĹǣĶˡ
𣿡
ʰ
ȻҡͷָλöֻǵãʱǱǸ򡣡ʱ䣬Ǹȥ̫ˣһЩҲܹ죬βգôãȴûܹԶ
У֪λþͿˡ

Űûгɣֱӳλȥ
Ƭ޹Ͽܹ䣬ȴǳӡһλöУģƮЩܵܿͱŨܵľģ࣬Ŀֻܿһĳ
СӣЩйŹ֣ү÷бˣʶֲ塣
ͻȻ˵
Ҳǡ
Ҳ
ŰǰУû£ֵܷ塣ЩɵʶиãƿʶȻ˸ţܵƵİȴǲӰ죬һܽܵһжĺ
ģȷֵܷ壿֮ǰ˵ɽǳΣգߴһɱΪС߾ͳǿҪ
ôĲŰǰߣÿһ¶ܼ˸ɿûصף漴ܡ
һ̣ͻȻֹסŲͣ
Сӣôˣ⣿
ʵ
н֮֯⣺жˣңܶࡣ


751 ȵȣ类
ʣĻһ㶣жүôûУĿ裬ʶҲŵĺԸ֪ܡ
Ҳоȴû˵ʲôֻСĴܡ
Ͼܼˡ

µһ˲䣬ܵУһ˫˫̵ͫԵЩаƬռ¶Ȼ併˲٣һɱϯ
ۣⶼʲô⣿
ɵɷγɵа顣

ɨһܣֹడ
ɫԵøۣȻĿʶţȴһ۾ܿļһ̣Щɫͫȫ˹ವ
Сӣˣ

ﵱҪ׼ҴȴǱֹסˡ


˵һֱĺڰɫͬǺڰ׽һ㳯ϯȥʱд̶Ĳҽ
һаЩͫɷ۶ɣȻаһ֣ʶ£֧ŵˡ
תۼ䣬ɫȫʧеҲˡ
ߡ

Űﳯǰ粽ƽȣÿһ£ŵ׶ƽ֯ȻܵǳŨȴû˿Ӱ죬еһֱӳʶС
ܿ죬е鵭ʧˣĿʶܸš
ʱ򣬷ȥܵøӳˡ

һɿͻأ𣬴ӲԶϮ
תۼѣʮһҰС沿ޱǣֻһ죬һֻۣȥаˣͷƤ顣
ЩɢϢǿɷŨͬһ
ܱȵϴǿˣÿһͷ֮ǰ۹ǿʮֹ
ۡ
ͰȻҲǸо˶ԷɢϢǶݡ
ֻתۼ䣬ʮ鿿˹ɷɱһ
ǶҪǾͺá

ôǿۼһ濹Ȼǵѡ
ŵ˸ͼŰһһΣʮд
죬ȥضλãͬǲŵǰУַ·˲ƶһ㣬ܵĶ۹ֺܼڷ񹥻ȴ½ǶС
ۣСӣƶٶȣͻȻǿ߶ˣôģ
ˡ

طĵЩ⣬ݽĴƣʩչƶٶȱȻǲԳ֮
תۼ䣬ƹʮ飬ǰȥ
ܿ죬һʱǹȥһ߳Զ
ϢҸоˣǰ棡
ﾪϲָǰһɽ
ȻҲо˰ϢǴӰָŵɽڴ
ɽ˫н֮֯⣬һ̱üͷһţ̽Ѱֻɽ·һ㣬ƺȺڣɽ屾ͷ·һޣҪһȫɵ
ѡط
һôɽƬ컯յĵط
ƫͷʵô𣿡
û
ҡͷ
ȻѰ˰ϢȻԥֱŰﳯǴɽȥ
ٶȺܿ죬̽ѰܣѰҰȫ·ߣûñǿ˴ɽǰ
뿿ɽܵĿԵøѹ֣һɰڿУ·ǾϵҪ׹˰㡣
СӣɽôƵģүоܲ
ֹ
Ͷˡ
˵
ϢҲǿЩǴɽڴûʲôͣŰֱӿ뵽ɽڡɽڣɽзǳϡֲÿʮɲܿһ꣬һѾήĶһЩʯͻ
һǸĵط
ֹ
С㣬ˣеӺвУҶ£ʲô
˵
@#С㣡
ɨܣŵӣһƵĳܱɢѭŰϢǰߡУĲԵøЩǳ

һԶһήľҡҷ
ľϣһƬƬҶ£Ʈһ
ЩҶЩĵЩҶӣôĸһ
￴ȥͬŶҶ磬徭Ƶġ
ץƬ򡣡
צӣǰ̽ȥ
ͣ£Ҷ
춢ЩҶӿ˼ۣһ̱Ƕݡ
һΣ̽·˲ɶԶ
Сӣô
ͣ
Ļû˵꣬пҶ֮ǰƬһɫʯϣʱǴʯڻ˸סͬһʱ䣬Ҷ£жתۼڣһҶûܹ
Ͱﶼɵһ
ſڣЩҶӡ
ɨɽڵЩľЩľλҶλҶȥͨҶûʲôͬһֱӾͻѣ˵ᱻʴ궼˲Ϣ䱻𣬴ǿҲס
ôײУ
ۡ
ͷɽƬյһκζҪӡ
˵ú棬һܣǰС
ʱĺܿ죬תۼ䣬һɽѾʱ
䣡
һ̣ǰ˵ӿ
Ǹ磡
һϲ
лһĨâٶȵҲǸЩܿǿǧɾ롣
ǰһأһʯɢҵĺܣһһȺк۵ѪɱЩﶼߣͬһ˰㣬ǿ
ǰâ֯һɱѪȥϻʮѾʬ壬ȫɱ
磡
ﾪϲȥ£ҵ׸磬Ȼܸˡ
æƫͷȥЩݶʱɻ࣬Ȼʱǳİһ̣Ŀһ˰ߵ죺㣡
֣ЦŴкӴ
Ȼǿ˳ۣ绡֯ϣһȺߵЩߵܶ࣬ҸǺܿ£ԶԶǿһİ벽ǿߣ˵޵Ҳˡ
ɨ۵ϵʮͷʬ壬Щ죺Щһͷֵܵ벽ǿߣһͬʱô࣬Ȼʮͷңƺûʲôˣֻɿ˶ѡ
쵹ǲôȣʾˣһ壬սһֱͺܿ¡
æ
һѡ
ʲôٵһƲ죬ͬʱѰҲסǰղſǿˣռͶߣЩϼȭ˵
һ㶣漴˵ʲôأ
Сӣ÷Ŀ治Ȼ뿴˸类ᡣҡͷ漴ǴЦүϲ


752 
Ļ϶ʱðܼĺߣ˭ˣ᲻˵
æ
һѡ
ʱ򣬰һȺߵΧУѾҪˣֲܳңŲȴԼЩ鸡ˡ
Сӣٲ֣СĴ˸һСĹҵ
Ц
ǰԽˣѾҪ֧ҲͲĿţɿһ˹ȥϮһͷֱӸ߷ɡ
һ˸ɵʮͷף
˵
ߣô˵
ƲƲ죬ɫڣгһɽնƬ콣â
ﬣ
̶ĽХصʩչ콣ɱ֮Ȼǿľˣûйȥñ˺ѵһͷǿ֮ɱĭ
ݣһĨâȻǱ˿ʩչֽ

Ҳȡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ǳƬռص
콫콣ʩչ£ɫĽâϯգǴݿ֮࣬ûʲôֵܹȺ˺һͷͷǿѪˮ춼ǡ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
ۣ
췴նһâһͷɱֱķѡ
һ˲䣬ط˺ܶࡣ
ɽŲͷվȲҪҪ㣿
ߣɫв԰ףת׼ķƬռˡ
˹ץŰֱۣ磬û˰ɣ
ҡͷ´˷Űû˿
񣬰ͨɵڰ죬ѾҪɿݼףȻȻɢϢȴɺǿ󣬵һ˿ϡ
䣡
ͻȻռ𶯣ɽλãһаϢ񷶼¡
ϢһƬ˲ȥɽԼһڿ󶴣аϢǴɢ·ڤĴű˰㡣
ʱ䣬ͰɫԱϢȻ۷Ҳ⣬оһľ㤡
ǿڿЩ£ܿѾѰˣˣϽ
ٺܿ졣
ʱ򣬴ǿڿϢʵЩֲһС
ȻҲоǿ󶴵գûκԥתʱ·ȥ
üûж˵ʲôŰ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
Сӣôãүôã󶴷ӽһЩ
ͻȻڡ
Ҳָо
С
ʼʱǾɽǿڿֻдʮӣڣǿڿһʱʱ䣬ȴƺǿڿֻʮˡ
üԶȥһʱȷʵǿڿ󶴸˼֡
ʱڣɽܹŹ֣ҿ߳ȥȴûܳɹôߣԽԽŴɽҷһͷͷ顣ʱüΪ֮ǰѾ߹ΣÿζʧܸաʱҲʧˣ¡
˵˸磬ûʲô

üֻ
ˣߡ
䣬ɽǿڿ෴λöȥֻǣʱԼһ˾ǿ󶴸ӽˣѾֻʮ롣
ʱ񷽥ڣԲ¹ƬɽããһƬ
Ƭأ˶ࡣ
Ͱ˳У˿ȴһҲѾǿڿãζ޷Զǿڿ󶴣·һɿµǣǣҪǿڿȻҲûʲôá
ʱƣҹɫøŨһͷͷƬɽԻλãһͷ쳤Хˣȴǿߡϱλãͷʬڶǿ»ʬ㽻֯ܡλãһȺаˡλãһͷɾħÿһ¶ôͬһʱ䣬Ƭɽиֹ֣Ǻܲһ㡣
ֱħִ󼯺ϡ
Ʋ졣
ƶˣϽߡ

ԵúСģתԽԽûصף̽ѰƬص磬Ŵɽƶ·ȷʵǳ⣬ûдȻعʱһ˾ǿ󶴵λȴֽ˼֣Ѿֻвʮľˡ
ᱻһֱɣᱻħַʬԵģ
ۡ
ʵϣʱѾкڰеﶢסߣϱλмͷʬ߿˹ֱֱס죬ͰŻʬ
ߣҪӲĹ

תܻ̽ƣǰ·ɹȥʱûЧǿڿ󶴷Ѿֻʮľˡ
Сӣô·ү

˵ţͷ˳ȥС̣ү
תۣһʱȥһǿڿ󶴵ľʮ
бһۣ߶ʱһΡ
ûã
ǰʱ󣬾ǿڿ󶴵ľʮһ
һƫͷ
֮ǰ˵֮ǰѾϰٴˣûá

Ŵɽǿڿ󶴣Ϊǵа˵ϢǸоĸ̣̲ס̵ģʲôƵطôа
ȴǣ࣬Գ֮

ЩأǰƵ߳Σ֣ķһЩȴǶ˳ȥ컯̫ѾƵƬصףȴһҲûУ޷뿪ɽƺһεħˣҪǿڿ󶴡
ô죿һֱôߣүãôҲûá
̾
ô죿
죬ֳ漴졣
üȻʵǿشƣȴЩ޿κΡ
춢ǿڿ󶴣н֯ƹ⣬˶٣ֻнǿڿˡ
ɶʱۣСӣɵˣ
ͰҲʱȻźԶҲܸоǿڿ󶴺ܿ£ǵĴһ㣬ħڽǣһֱڻرǿڿ󶴣ڣȻֱӽǿڿȥ
춢ſ󶴵λãɫأȴǺ侲˵һߣ߲ȥһֱڿǿڿ󶴣һƣҪƿƣΨ˳ƽǿڿ󶴣Ѱͨɽ·Ҳ˵ֻнǿڿ󶴣뿪Ƭɽûѡ񡣡
ڶƬɽ䣬Щ״ʱƺǶѾˣڳǿǲܵסȫطΪ컯أȻ򣬵컯֮лһ˼ǾǣƬ˲õ˵ţ˸âֱֱǿڿ󶴣Ҳ²⣬Ƭ컯ôضǿڿ֮У


753 ɱǰʬں
Ļ䶯ݡ
ͬʱ
˵꣬һһ໥˶Էһۡ
ͷһ档
ղ˵ʲôƣشƣ㶮
ɨһۡ
Щ
ɨۡ
ʱеͺ𣬴ҲڻζƬɽ䣬鶼˹
ûʱˣߡ

˵꣬ǰ棬ǿڿ󶴶ȥ
дԣ֮ضڲҪôҲֻôֻнǿڿ󶴣пҵ߳ɽ·
˵Ķ飬µħӰ񱩵ǣڱƹ
ۺ󷽣²ӣٶȿһЩҪˣ˵ţǷ߷߲ƽ˵Сӣү㵱Ǹɨǣû£ΪˣȻ׷߰һ£ֱһȺ׷ԹЩ͸Եˣ̵ģҪү۷ΪڣЩС˵ˣүһ۵ǣ
ôûص׿·ٶȲԽԽ
žԽԽѹֵϢҲԽԽŨռԽԽ
ףôмʬǶ
ͻȻ
⻰һ΢С˵ϹѾȥޣҳ·ˣʿǿڿ󶴺ܲһ㣬ʬڶҲаˣŰһˡ
ͷֹðɣҿˡ
ͰԿ˰һۣжһĨâ
ֻ֮ȥǸطˣ뵽һҪСġ

˸̫壬̫Դڣаĸ֪Ҫ٣ǿڿпʬмĿʬڶһЩʬȻܿ£Ǻѵˡ
ֻǣûа취ǿڿ󶴣޷뿪ңƬɽЩԣҲһǵˡ
Ƭ飬Ҳͬʱ棬ǲȻ߳ȥĻ֪ѡ

𣡡
ҹʣо˵𳤿ա
ϵ¹Ƭɽ䣬һͷͷҲøӻԾԭֻڵĳ˿£Ѿǿʼ׷
һʱ䣬Ϊ֮𶯣ħӿлɫâ֯潦Ƭɳ
춯ݣٶȵø졣
ͰΪǿٶȻҲǲȵĸ
úƬɽǿڿǰ
վڿǰֻǶѨںںڵĹڽ֯һħ㣬Ǵʱվڿ󶴿ڣ·Ҫɵڿȥ
аĵطүһļ¸С
ֹ
ô˵ҲǴﵽ۷壬ʶǲٵģ˿ڿ󶴣ȴһּĸо
𣡡
ԶɸߵħӰһѾƽھ󶴻ʮɵλͣڶ˻𣬿ȴҿȻڼɵ󶴡
һĻʹðüͷЩаĶǽڿ󶴳еĸӿЩ
߰ɣֻ·ѡ

˵꣬ȳſȥ
ͰȻԥҲſ˽ȥ
ʼһڿ󶴣һʱһĲУֻüɵһ䡣
治ĵطҪǲޣҪǲҳһ·ʵ̫Բˣ

˶ǾĴܡ
ڿڵĿռǳ󣬵ǳɫʯɳͬʱеĺɫƮţһɭɭĸо·ڤһ㡣
ŵ˸һûصף죬̽Ѱ󶴵ĵ
ڿڣſȥʱʱԵĽŲ
Сӣҵ·û
ʵ
ǰߣһ̽·һߵΪڼʯͷսҵ
ƲƲ죬ǲ˵ˡ
󶴲󣬶ҲҲв٣ԽߣͱԽ䡣
հɣ
հɣ
հɣ
ƬŲͣصڿС
˵СӣôصĽŲԽԽˣ˼Ƶġ

Ҳôá
ֹ
һ̣ϺĹ˸ƫͷ
ĵطӰɫѩֽûаѪɫ
ٲȻʬ壡
ѣ˶ͷȥ漴Ǳһ䡣
ͷʬǾȻûз
ǣ֮ǰ濴ʬ壬ǣ
˵
ʬ岢Ŷϵķζܹϣһͷʬһ죬ʱ䣬ѪˮԿӿ֮ȥ˲ʮ
ȥ˻ѪҪҪôү

ʬûкХˣһ
ûпµûо˵ĹȴһɼΪ˵Ϣѹ£
ߣ
쵱ϡ
ͷʬ֮ǰƬص׿ռϵͷҪֲ֣ͷһ𣬲ȥ濹⣬ǾԲǶ֣Զǵѡ
һʱ䣬ƿ볯ǰȥ
ͷʬ׷ٶǲɫѩףûа鲨ǳӲҲΪˣʹǸԵÿ¶ˡ
Сӣٶٿ㣡
ߴ١
쳯ǰ粽һҲעͷʬ֮ľøˡ
΢ҧüļâ˸ֱӽ𣬳ͷʬӭȥ
ﬣ
ڰ𶯣񽣰նͷʬ
ȻǾɱͷʬشͷʬֻԴ˸¶ԷǵĶһЩԴ롣
ɫȣȻ֪Ϊô˸â󷽡Ϊ壬ԴаҲſ
Ҳ
һȦĹڳ䣬ͷʬȥ
ܿνаŴǰ޵ͨغ̫Դˣ̫ԴƿҲ죬ʹͷʬһ͡
ôһ͵Ĺ򣬶ǿ߶ԣȻתۼѣһǳ˺Զ
ͣ£
ͻȻ˵ͬʱһѽס
ڣٺܿ죺ôСӣй׷أͣʲô
ûж˵ʲôһʯͷǰ涪ȥ
꣡
һ죬ʯǰһĿȴͻأܼɱ⣬ֱӽʯķ顣
@#̵ģʲô
ۡ
ȻǰͰҲľǶݣղѣֱӳȥĻٷ֮ٻʯһ˲Ϣ䱻ķ顣
ɷۣطγһִɱֻ֣ҪжУڵص׵ľɱʱͻ𣬴ǿҲԵֵˣᱻ˲ɱ

ô죿ǰдɱ֣ͷʬôмˣ
Լ


754 Ϸ
ɱֺǰ棬޷Խɺȴǻͷµʬ׷˵һȵİɵüͷ
һͨ·ǿ󡣡
˵
ɻ󣺡һ·ɱ֣ô򿪡
ˣ
ռ𶯣ǰһ˸ֻɽŵصףͬһʱҲɢ˵֮ϣͬ֩һ㳯˷Ӷ
һ̣ȫ߶ûɱУǿиĴɱڵĵҪݴһǰеĵ·
ǣ
ȹâͰﶼһ
һ˲Բ˫ۣ⡭ôǹżмصƣ񣬺˵ţֱŴ죺@#Сӣ֮ǰ˵һЩйشƵĶѵ
ӹŽǺųᾡشƣ޵˸ٹ۷壬ٹżȻ֪֮ǰڵص׿ռ䣬Ҳһսնɱʯǿߣͷʱƶڵصףֱʱʩչڵ֮ϣƣǲµ

ۡ
Ҳ죬Ŀϡ
Ŵֶͨ죬ʮ޵ʷǿ֮ˣ̧־Ϳѹϰ˻ģϵ³ȻƿоŴ֮һ
ʱѹֵϢӿͬһӸ֣ʹðһĿ󣬲Ҳ֪ͷʬ׷ˡ
Сӣ
æߴ٣ʱûйȥˡ
Ȼܲͷʬ˹˫Ҳ̧ɿӡһӡɨܼͬĻ۹ǰ
ˣ
һĨ⣬һȣǰ
@#Сʵһٳ尡
ſͷ˲һղۿͶǰʯ˲Ϣ䱻ѹķ£Ȼµƿ׾һ;žȨʵһ¾ֱӳȥȻûеס
ڣǰһҲûС
үˣ
˿
ͰһﲻٶȺܿ졣
Сӣ򿪵ɱֵͨ·֧Ŷã
죬Ͼͷʬ׷أɲܽͨ·Ҳǡ
Ѿˡ

ͷǾͺá
µһ˲䣬󴫳ͷʬ׷˹ֱӳ˴ɱУһɱ֮⣬ͬ϶һƬֻǣɱⲢûնͷʬȻնһѪȴûǵ¡ڴɱп粽ɣѪĽȴһںǴɱ֡
̵ģ⼸ͷʬĹȻôǿǿ˲ֹһ

׿񣡡
ӡ
쳯ۣŵƹ⽻֯̽Ѱ
ǣǴɱ֣ǻ𣬵Ҫȫ߹ȴҪķѲ̵ʱ䣬Զǡ
˵
˵ţٶȸ죬ǰ·
Ͱͷͷʬ󣬿ǰС
ǰУⷽڵĿø˼֣ʱʱһЩˮϷ£ҲǱЩ۸һⷽڣ;˼ڵɱ֣ȴǱƣƵоգҲǵ֪ȷʵƿ
Сӣûҵ·
ʵ
ʲôô졣

̽ѰķһֱѰңϧȴûʲôջ
Ʋ죬´ȴû˵ʲô
̽ѰƬ󶴣ǰŲʱʱ졣
һۣһʱȥ
СӣүôãصУ
ͻȻ
ͷҲôá
û˵ʲôֻǿ죬ȻҲͬĸо
Ѱ·̽Ȼûҵ·˳Ƶָߣдġ
˵
𿪴Ų
ô˵ͷɲȥԶ
ˣʱţܿʱȥ
ʱһ֪߹˶ãǰһԼһ׸ȱڣƺһƬСռ䣬˿˿ƵĹâͨȱɢ˳
ָȱڡ

ûԥŲ죬תۼȱС
ͰһҲǿ˽ȥ

ȥȱںһ޴ܶЩһůĸоǳ棬ȱ价ֱγһԱȡ
֡
ֹ
н֯ƹ⣬ܣɫһ̧ͷͷϿա
ϷλãͷɸߵĵطһöֱһҵĹ徲ţɢ˿˿ƵʹΣ·ǳһ㣬Ŀѣ
ʱ䣬ֱӱɫɵ¡
ȻǷʱ˳ĿȥһҲɫͱ䣬ǱֱһҵĹסˡ
Ǿ
ˮûԥĴͷ𣬳ǹץȥ
̧֣һѽ˻
СӣүʲôȡǼƽ֣⣡
еֱһҵĹʵ̫Ƿˣﵽ۷ֶĲˣ·һ˳ŮɫӰ㡣
һѽͳͱ
Źо΢Щ
С˵ʲôأʲôвͱжɣ

Ĵų򣬻һȥӡ
컯أɽѾγ˾Ϸƣһö飬컯ƬƵĺĵ̣

ƬƵĺĵ̣˫۷Ź⣺ⲻǺܺ𣿣
Ͱ죬˵鿰ƾɿȥıȴޱȼɵ
ʲôãʵһ㣡ֱӸǰץһƣϷ飬ɽͷöӦʲôطԣӦھɽλãӦþκһɽڣڣȴɽô£ͲùŹ֣
ɽʹɽ㶼˵ˣȻŹˡ
Ʋ졣
ָ̧һơ
컯ݻϷƣѾˣλʹƸӿֲеմƶ۵طγɱ֣ɱڣǻ羳ǿ˭˭

ۣСӣ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣҪҪôү
֮ȫ


755 Ƭ
ĻͰﾶֱݣĵ˫ۡ
⣬˼ǣܿܳԣ


ٴθ롣
ȷʵõһƽ֣Ҳܿ뵽Σһջ񡣵ȴСʿˣһһʱͻ˵ɱֵɱ
үģ
顣
С㣬Ҷ
ˣСǴү˵ˣС㣡
ˡ
·أҵˣ
һܳȣʱ졣
ͷҵˡָƬܶĵ棬˵λȻǴӵص׿Խطܶ±ǳ·һͨͨ
˵ĵ棬Ѱ·
ʵ
ھͶ֡԰ͰʱǵСĿʡ˵ţȻɫһ䣬ֱƫͷ߽ǸȱڴʱϢĳͷ飬ͷβɢżΪǿʢϢߣľĶһ
һоͷǿͫ׶ʱ΢ǣ
Ӧǿػ顣

ͷȷǡɫࣺԶŵΣգɱֻǿ飬һػڣͷ飬ܿ£
µһ˲䣬ͷػ鷢ͺ붯֣ǰѹ
¡һƬռ΢΢һһɼΪ˵֯
Сģ

ͷػ飬ûв׾ֱӽǰѹȥ
֯ڰɫڹ⣬ͬԭʼ㣬ǿľˡ
â֯ǿ֮ӿһȭӳƬ֮Իͷػȥ
ˣ
ǰ̫Դ⣬һȦâϯͬˮư㳯ѹǰ
ֻǣͷػ̫ǿˣȻ壬սͬȴҲײһ˲㱻ˣͰΪǰԿȳһѪ
ɫһ䣺ô
û¡
ǵѪ
ҡͷʾﲻõģּ̧ǿʢ⣬ɱǰ
컽ɽȫʩչ콣ݿĽâֱնͷػ顣
үҲ
ͷԾǵɣɫ˫һ𣬵Ƭɱâ¿ͨǵڶδﵽͨɾսȻҲǺǿ
ͷػͫľ飬ֿƻȴǳ˺ɱ⡣
̵ģô

ǰһӿʱһӡһʱǿĵӿһӡâԻƺƵĳͷػѹȥ
Ʒ
һ
˵֮ǰҺ͸һŴżӡԶżõģһЩ⣬Ҳмƪǳǿ
ȻӴ̽Ͱټʱӳ˶дˣӦþνĹŴż˰ɡһâһ¯ͬʱҲʯʥĵʯ̳
ƷۣҺ͸ǴԶżһѰһƷȻģ
ҲЩâ
á
Ц
¯ﻤ壬Լʯ̣һ𣬺ͷػ顣
үģ
еһڱҲһƷ֮ǰԵֵͨɴ١
һʱ䣬ĿƷݺᣬһЩȻͷǿػʱǴ·磬ȴЩת
ˣ
ʱȱڴ𶯣һɴ顣
ʬȺ룬ûʲôѪɫԵúˡ
ģȻ׷ˣ
ʱɫ
ҲǶݣɫһ
ҲʱͷػУһػͷʬ
ͷʬʱ֯ž˵ӭϣƺֻ֪ɱֻ׷һ˿Ҳɱػ顣
䣡
䣡
䣡
һʱ䣬ĳûңͷػ鷴Ǳͷʬǣסˡ
ͷ˾ǰ
ۡ
ȻǰͰҲ¶ɫһĻŪ΢з㶡
Ǻ£ǰһסܣͨ·

ͷվһǣ커
ûԥŵ˸ɿûصףǶֽӡƻ۷âⷽܶĵϣСĵĽһһ鿪
䣡
䣡
䣡
ƬܶУͷػսͷʬâʬ໥ݺᡣ
Ҳ֪˶ã۵һһͷػ鱻˺飬Ѫˮ˲ȾһƬر
ȥô
ۡ
׿񣡡
ӡͷػǿû뵽ͷʬҲ˿ֱʥһ㡣
𣡡
ͷػͺ׻ӿһͷʬûһ˲佫֮ȼճɻҽ
һĻһȻǰҲԱ˱ɫ
øղػû׻ƷҲһסо΢漴󣬴ߴٵСӣûһ㣡
ǰͷػսͷʬ׻֯ʬӿίʵЩֲ
첻ֻǴ߶ƱøӾˣһƬĳŵص֮ӣͬʱⷽܶĵϵּ䣬֮Ҳǿʢ
ڣһ촫ڵϣر飬һֱԼĶѨͨȥѨĺںڵģֻܿԼʮɾ롣
ˣһƾâ԰ߣ
£һǶУСٳ룬ſͷ
ʱͷػľʬսѾȫһˡ
첻԰Ͱ
磬ߣ
ǰ붴ѨУ룬ͬʱ֣λƻ
һʱ䣬Ѩڱøڡ
飡үİ˵СӣǼͷʬµĺܣҪǼͷػ鵲ס鲻ᱻǶȥɣ
ˣ֮ǰѾ˵𣬳ǻ羳ǿ֣߳˭飬˭˵ɣһȡ
㽫ǿ

ƽ֯̽Ѱǰ·
ⷽѨʼֱͨ£ܿͳƽУֻЩ
ǰԼȥһʱͻȻֱֱͣǰɶ⣬һű⾲ţԼȭͷС֯ͬʱһǿʢĴܱߣܵĿռ˴Ƭ
ǡƬ
쵱һ


756 ͨ
ⲻȭͷСǹ̵ͽ֯ĴȴǼΪˣʹ쵱ݣͰҲ¶ɫ
öһϢ
˫۷Ź⡣
ֱ̧֣ץС
Ƭ
˵
ץöƬֻо̹֮ͨǰΪսѰ·һ˲ʧˣ˵ɡ
Ƭգգۣö
λĹУһЩ֮Ǻ顣

û뵽طȻȭͷСƬֱҹ·񵽱ĸоֻһƬɲʲôɱֻƣôһȭͷСƬļֵȴǾ䱦е䱦
ߣȥ
˵
ǰߣ̽·
ܿ죬ʱȥ
һ̣ǰⶴѨߵ˾ͷ
û·ˣ
ǰ
ʹţѾ߳ɽķΧˡ
⽣âӲӣֱͷնȥ
¡һ죬㱻飬ûжôһ˲й
ߡ
԰ͰһԾԶѨڿնϡ
ͰҲȺԾ𣬺ܿǽ˶ѨķΧ
һֲܼȴҲ̫ϡ裬в֯ܣ֮ǰܶڵǳƣֻѡ
Ѿ֮߳ǰɽˣطӦǾɽƵλá

֣նһâƿ㣬ղŴͨĶѨա
ղεлƮţϢȴǰˣǱȽЩˡ
˿ˣ
죬̲ĵ˾䣺겻㵹ԽԽˡ
б˰һۣҲ
˵ʲôˡ
ﶢԼĸһۣɨһۣƲƲ졣
÷ʹ˸ͱϻˣСӣϽģҵطƬүҪ߾磡
໽С
еġ÷򡱺͡˸硱û˵ʲôֻǰ£ǵɨһۡ
ɨܣطĻȻ̫ãҲûʲô޳ûԴһЩľƣһĵط
ȥ
˵
£һǵطȥ
ֲԣȡȭͷСƬƽڵϣɢ˿˿ƵľӨͬʱҲ֯һƴ
һ

ѾǼֱͣӴͷԾ£ƬԱߣ˫ֱŹ⣬һҪһڽƬ̵ģ
Ҳˡ

̧ͷ˸磬÷ʲô
ɨ漴ƫͷȥ
͵һƪǿ֮ǰԶżڵõطʱóȻ磬ʱƿˡ
û˵ʲôĬĬվһߡ

ȻڵһڶصӡʱҲǺķһʱ䣬һʱûκΪ⵹˵ܣֻǻŶȻҲһͬһʱ䣬ҲһĨâԶżڵõǲ򵥣һǳֲ
Ϊǻ
һߡ
ͷ˵Ƿƽ˾Ҳҿ϶һͻȻ֣ƬĹϮɱȻǺ¡аӰˣϾǿ󣬴ûκεˡ
ʼɡ
԰˵
໵һֱתķʼȡƬ
ת׼ķҲʼĬĬ
һ̫ľתâ֯⣬ԵЩʥ
ת̫ľȡƬͬһ㣬Դͬʱǡò˵Ƭ̵̫ǷˣԴҪǿʼһ壬ʱѪⶼɵ
ЩȣǣȴС
ˣ
â֯⣬ϵϢڷš
󣬼ͬһʱ䣬ԴԱߣöڵСһǷѣһɣ΢ѽǿġ
ܹ˵ʱֻɵЦЦ
漴ٴԼ
Ƭ壬ǣǵǳºͣͨ嶼ůġͬһʱ䣬ƬڲֹǿʢһܼĴƬЩƬӿѪУѪӾӨӻԼ䣬֮ǰڵȻǵȸо
ǣ
ͷһЩƬڡ
ʱۣȴҲоܵط·仯˰㣬ﶼøظʵ£ޣɽͦΡ
Ƭ̵ĴƬܶ࣬оĵȻҲͲֹһ֣մƴȣӦоСȻֻһָѣ˱ƿЩеĺôҲޱȾ޴ģøϸִʶǿĸ֪ø
ˣ
Ľɫ鵭˲٣ȴӵıͻԲ
ͬһʱ䣬ͰҲͬͬļԶǵõ˲Сĺô
ˣʱš
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
䣡
ǿʢһ·ͨɳڿͨ죬˫ǿʢâ
ˬ
С
ԶһʯӷͷϣбһۣЩ
ۣҲ֪ܻӰͰ
ܿ죬ǰӹȥ
˵һһȦ֮⣬ͨ죬ԵøʥЩ
Ϣôо̫Ĳ
ֹ
Ҳû룬졣
գգۣ۰ĿҲϡ
⣬âƣУʱȭͷСƬѾֻʣĴָǰС
ʱţǰӹȥĴָǴСƬҲ׺ĵ
Ҳʱڳһɴͬһ쫷絴˰㣬ǳˡ
κ쫷ƽ
˫ۣȭлһĨâ
ͨ졣

ͨ죬ܸоԼøӻˣҲøӼ̣ΪƬڻдƬĴڣʶҲűǿսһء
ͰߵľҲɢϢøǿˡ
ҵˣΪҲˣһĲ顣СſͷϣһյӣСӣԳȥˡ
Ͱ߰ɡ
ɽ仹и֣߳ȥҺ͸ԹܶΣûɹ
ü˵


757 ɱ
Űüͷӣ첻ɵһЦ֮ǰ߲ȥڲ⣬ڣ
ƲƲ죬ֹ潾
ô˵Ҳ֪ƿشһϿǾȨ֮ǰǿڵɽ߳ˣһҲܴط߳ȥ
ɨһۣû˵ʲô
߰ɡ
Ц
ľɽǳ໥һȻƶѾᵽ˿ڵǷɽطȴҲǲȱ׾ֺԾ֣԰Ͱк󣬼Ҫȥ첻ڣЩƱҲͲʲô⣬ûкķѶãⷽ޹ϿϿλá
ϿڴͦԶԶȥһȺǿ⣬кüͨɾǿ߾УɢѪǺܻ
ǰҲ֪˭ȫɱ֪ͨǿߵźŵûüȥҲûв徿ʲôġ
⡭ѵǽеǶΪ
ܣǶһֱû߳
϶ˣһû˵˽޹Ͽܻ߳ġ
ǣ治֪ʥӵºһ̫ϳǾôġ
ʿСۡ
ֹʲôأ߾裡طΪ׵ĺǿɨЩŵĺʿһۣ漴Ŀһ۷徳ʿϣסԺʲô춯ڵһʱųϽµźŵˣ
ǣ
źŵ۷徳ʿֱͦš
һڹڣԶԶŹļʿ໥һۡ
նźŵǺʿʿںɱ

н֯âȻò˵ʲô
ģ֮ǰǺ彫ñƬأһ·ѰͰпܻ档
춢棬˸һĨ΢⣬һɫ磬˲Ϣ޹Ͽǳźŵĺʿǰ
ʿһʲô
ۣ
ֱ̧֣ӽ⺣ʿķ飬ͬʱеźŵֱ顣
ʱ䣬ʿԱɫʲôˣ
䣡
Я׹ط˲仯һ
˿񱩵֮ʱĺʿֲѡ󣬵ݺŵİʱЩʿɫ䣺ǣŰͰȺʿ־־壬ã޹Ͽ߳ˣ
¡
ĿһŤ
Į֮˲佫ûͬһٰ㣬̽طкʿȫûУ۵ȫ˸ǡ
в죬ƵЩ£оľ
ĺʿȫ𣬷ȥǰľһ꣬Ͽںöˡ
ˬôĵطſͷۣһһǰצֿڣ˵СӣʲôСʥӿϱţɲܾôˣûɫ
šϱ֣£ȴû˵ʲô
Ҳû˵ʲôֻɨ
ȻܾôˡЦ뿪Ϊ׼һݴ񡣡
ʲô񣿡
⡣
֪ˡ

һûطͣԶԶطһϡ
̼ɱ󣬵ҿӡú󣬰ͷװ˵ӣȥתһȦ쿪ڣ֮ǰҽ޹ϿʱɱһȺ޹ϿĺʿɱһȺĺʿһľ裬ӦвٺʿѲܱߣȥЩʿټ
еһƾâȻ˼˵ͷ
Իټһĺʿ󣬱زֱǰ棬Ͼ֮ǰǲ㽫ʥӶնˣ߲ȻͨʿԼһʥӲ㱻ɱ£ȴһԾ棬ͨʿҪ⣬ԣڷټһĺʿԲֱӶ֣һᰵзȥʥӺͺϣʥӺͺǿ
ɱǸǡ
СӣգһͷС꣡ȻҲʲôǵۣ漴Цүϲ˵ţֿڣСӣҴ˸Իټ֮һĴǿߣӡɱɱǿܲǵص׹ɱǿ
Ȳϣ롣

ɱޱȿֲ϶ǿǵص׹ڵɱ󣬵ۻǿҲնֻǣΪԶԶ̲ɱֻ̳ܿһҲ㹻ǿˡӡʮɱɱǿ߶û⡣
£ûԥֱһƬϿӡƣһʱ䣬һ˵ɱ̳Իʹðһ
ۣ˵Сӣʲôɱ󣿲һƾɱƣ
ɱۻҲն

ɱ֮ݻļ¾Ϊʮڣûκδɱ࿹⡣
ۻʶɱСӣү̵ɱܲٴĿŵ㲻
ۣһŵı顣
ɨ۰Ϊǲɱ󣬽ǰ׼˸Ȯͨ۷ǿ߳޿κΡ
ۣһģ죬ƵǼͨɾ۷ϼһﶼ޿κΣ
ߣûлӦ
֪˵ģɱȷʵ졣˵ţͻȻۣЦô˵Сȥֹ˼ҰЦүˣò˲ͬѱŮ޸㣬һŭȥ˼˰ɣ
ͣ¿ӡɱ󣬽ͷץ
ߵĶֱ֣һɨ˹ȥ
أĲҺԶǡ
ôͷӡɱͬʱҲСĵĿɱϢ硣Ϊͨ죬Ҳǿֻ̫̫࣬һҹʱͿ̺ʮɱȵӡС
ˣһƾâƫͷͷˡ
һӿѪǰȾЩͬʱϵѪɫҲ²٣ȥ
ҪҪҲһȥ
ʵ
ҡͷãһȥ㹻ˡ
ûжֱ뿪ú߳ⷽ졣

޹ϿǿαϢ˺ӣͬԤϵǰ㣬вٺʿɳʱʱѲܱߵĺ
Ҳ֪˭ġ
ǣ󡣡
˵ˣѲӣһ㡣
첻ԶоŸʿںϣСš
ҲʱһʿƫͷԶİ
ǡǣǽ޹ϿǶеӣʲôʱˣ
ʿ󾪡


758 ɫ
ʿȣ漴еĺʿҲ˰ɫһںʿҰУģӿѪɫǲ԰һƬȥΪ⣬ǺԵѶУÿһѪ
ǡǶеǸӣ
ûǸĻһģһ
Ĵ޹Ͽ߳ˣ
Ⱥʿɫ䡣
ˣߣץס
ȥ´Ҫ⣬ټҪһʱڣ
ǡ
ˣ˵˺ǿ󣬲һܵˣ
ӣһȥʥӺǣ
Ϊ׵һǿߵ
ǿߴͨ죬˵ûгɣȻź屾ȥ
Զ⣬ȻһĻĵӣһһѪ뵺ڡ뵺ڣһںʿ£԰׵ɫָǵѪһһΣ˲Ϣʧܿڵġ
ô
ʵ
ͷˣȥˡ
бһƾâһЦ
ڣ͵Լˡ
иâ
ſͷүѾĥ

תۣʱȥ
ʱ򣬷ְټǸͨǿѾغ屾һУְټ¸֪˺ʥӺͺļ̫ϳϡ
ȷ
Уһڶ̫ϳʵ
ȷ
ĺʿ潫İһ
ʥҲԱߣΪģĺǸߴлһƾâȻǸûôĻ߳ˣ֮ǰǸطˣǱɱ˵ţʥоâŨâ̰֮ڽ֯Ӿ˳ȴƺ˺صˣѹʱ򣡶Ȼ˳ǸŮӦҲ˳һҲϡ
˵ţǿߣλϣҡ
Ȼ
ϵͷ
ˣ˴ڴڶأһ˴ڴء⴦ڴصģ֮ǰ׷ɱͰ˱޹ϿǸǿߡ
ߡ
ĺ峤ϵ
ǿߣʥӣƺƵ߳屾壬Զȥ
ǵٶȺܿ죬úְڣطмʿڼǰĵ죬ԼһʥӺ̫ϳϣǰ
ô
ʥӵ
ʿʥӣǸ˵ڣû߳
ʥ峤ϣ߽ǵ˵ͷ
Ӧˡ
ȥץˡ
һΣûߵĿܡ
̫ϳĮǿѹȻ֮ǰֵǸܲҲֻбѹķݣκһ˿ѵĿԡ
ͨʿǰ·̫ϳϺͺʥں棬ܿǵٵϣһ·ŵȥ첢ټȺʿٶȺܿ죬ûãλá
ˡ
һ
һƬյأһʯϣ죬վһ
䣬ɱ˿ҲΡ
վԱߣĹӿ֯
ɫ䵭ǰڷ溣趯
ſͷ΢΢۾
弸ͨʿ΢⡭֮ǰֻҿѪƺ˺صˣڿȥѪ糣ˣһ˵ӣżʱѣӦúôŶԡңԱߵҲͻȻ¶ݣʱɫͱ䣺㣬ǡ
ͬһʱ䣬弸ǿߺͺʥҲǶݣ죬΢
еǸˣ壬Ѫ壬Ӱ壬壬壬ʯȼ嶼ڷ׷ɱ㣬ȴǲټȻǸǿн֯âɨãʲôϵ
콫ʥȫˣǵص׿ռʱ׷ɱȥĴǿǱ˸ɾһˡʱ䣬嶼ڷ׷ɱ죬Ҳ֮򣬵û˲֪ˡ
ʱ򣬺Ⱥʿϳеĺˣ¶ɫ
Ͱ΢΢ݣĶ죬м׷ɱ죿
ſڣҪһԭȴǵǴǿ߸ϡǿ죬ĵʲôϵҲʲôҵˣն뿪˵ףҺأ
ǿߴĺʿˣڸȴˣ⼸˰ڵǣǿ֪߱һй켸ǣˣΣú壬ǿˣѵڻҪʾη壿ôܣңأԼʲôȻб䣬еǿҲܺܿҸϹ
ŰĴǿ飬ĮԴϷúȡպŻὫ֮ӳǿƣʮ򡣡£ǿ죬н֯â㣬ͷ­Ƿǳмֵȡͷ­嶼л壬Ҳʯ彻ãѾòʯ彻ˣ
˵ǿߵĿٴɨȡıԴܹϸ߲ΣԺи˵ĳɾͣʱգʯҲҪ£˵Щ峤ƺѾ˺պĻԻͣɵôЦ
ޱȣϲģҺ͸أҴע⣬ɶ񣡡
ǿߣǶԷͰ뵽޹ϿʹǷڱһ֮ã⽻֯Ũ˼֡
ΪҺأһУΪҺУǡ
ʥ˳ɫȻͨɰ۷壬ʵǳǿᣬǰѾͬڳ
ᣬ⽻֯͵죬˿ҲԼɱ⡣
˵

ʱǰ粽Ŀڿڵĺʥϣʥӣ
ʥ죬ǿɹ⽻֯ǿᾪˣǱ
䣡
Ǻʥӻµһ˲䣬ⷽ𶯣ɱƸ֣תۼ佫춼ˣǵȿֲɱĲ񷶼ɫ
㣡
顣
һוּһɱƺƵ޾ɱ⣬һ˲ʥǰֱն¡

ҽдޱʥӵ㱻Сӡ
Ҳʱˣһͬһɫ绮ƳգɲǼںʥǰֱӻӶɫȭͷݺһȭ¡
ˣ
𶯣ֱ̮
ȫһȭͨΪǿսһ£·ǲϵǳֱӽʥҵķѡ


759 
Ѫˮϣʥӱһȭ򱬣ʬ׹ڵ棬Ŀġ
һ˲䣬ʿȫסˣһз̫ˣֱһ̲˷Ӧɫ˲ϢһƬס
ʥʥӣ
һͨʿ֣һʥӣͬ𣬾Ȼͱɱˡ

ǿŭ˫۶ʱˣһǧѳľţȻôһȭɱʧʵ̫޴ˡ
һĻȻǰݣһȭ̫ǿˡĶֻһ˲ѣһ̣ƫͷɭ䣬ס˺Ǵǿߡ
ʹ
԰˵
һ֯ܣһЯ
ǿ־ŭǶҪ
˲Ϣ䣬ǿӿǿͬʱ֣ɱɱȴǳѹ£ʱǺ޲˺졣
Цҵɱǰ𣡡
䣡
Ļ£ʮɱڣɱ⽻֯ʮ졣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ȿ񱩵ɱ£ͨʿֵˣܼɱ£ֱһըֻʱȫѪ
ۣǺǿ
ǿǶݣʮɱʱĲ£ʱ콫ɱ߶ĸӷڣǵɱӿֲǿ߸ĲȻڷŭʱҲǸоһһɲ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱִͰдɱǰں졣
ԴǿߣȻɱѹƣҲûв׾һʱǽͬʱ߶콣֮Ͳལâֱ˺ء
֯һƵ𣬵绡춯ȻҲʶͬһʱ䣬׼ҴӰʮɣҪ졣
ǿսǴǿҲöݡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ɱ˵ǿƣֱĺǿѪɡ
үҲ
ͷԾɣɫ˫һ𣬵һɿ쫷磬쫷ɫʣ˺ѿգݿࡣ
ǵٹۣΪػصͨɵ죬սȻҲǿɫ쫷翰ƺˡ
ǿٴѣɫ쫷縲У㱻˺ѵ
ǣ
ǿ߾ŭΪǿߣ濹ⲻһʮɱѹķǵɱ̫ˣҪֳľȥӦЩɱ⣬ңֵˣʱʱᱻɱУоͻὦѪ
ǵأ
ɫᡣ
â֯һתĸ죬ʮɱӷڣɱâӯҰ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɱ񽣰˻ѹء
һΣǿ߽ѣ䱻ɱķ顣
Զﾪȣɴ˫ۣáǿ

ǿ˻ӿٴ
ߣ粽ϣ콣ɨأɱâĴ߶һѹϡ
ᣬʶ֮ѹء
໽У޴󣬼ǿȫ·
벻үȻҪСʩչͨ
һߴһ̾Ϣ
䣡
ⷽ𶯣ɱƽǿѹţˣ죬ĹɱҲǷǳ£ȻɱֲȴҲˣʱҲԸǿߴȥвƾˡ
۵𣬲ú󣬺ǿһα˺С


û˵ʲô飬ʶѹķɱնɱǰ
ʶҲӳǿƣ϶
ӿֲЩɫâӿ쫷ϯ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǿٴα˺飬Ѫա
ǿ䶯Х庣⸽ڵĸǿߺܿͻ֪쳣ܿͻ׷ɱ
֮ǰǻᣬ˵ţ԰ȫһҵɱ⣬սǣȷʵԶҪǱĸǿ׷ɱȷʵ鷳ڣҪ콫ⳡս
û˵ʲô΢΢ͷʶøǿӿ
ת۳ͼڸ֮ϡ
ݻһɱﾹǽ֯ŵ򲨶ΪޣͶдңﵽ۷壬Ȼˣȴɻвȱĵ˿Ի˳
ﬣ
ɱڣѹ£ֱӽǿѪٴ顣
Ҳʱһͬʱˣ׼õɱѹ¡
һʱ䣬ƣɱ⣬ͨͬʱֶ£һǿߣֻĲҽУֱӽǿߵС
СӣС˸磬˰ɣ

첻Ҳ
ߣ뿪쿪ڣǺأղ϶˵Ĳĸǿ߸֪׷ǻ鷳
ͷҲ˹
䣡
ʱƬһɼΪ˵Ĳѹ¡
һʮɱһʱѺۣ֩㳯ȥ
ʱһ𣬻ƫͷ⡣
ͰҲǶݣƫͷ˳Ŀȥ
ʱⷽ⣬һɿ֣߳նͷʺɫȻǺһǿڣһ˫ݵͫһ䶾ӿ
죡
΢
ȻҲǸоˣû뵽ǿô͸ӦĴսҸ˹
ߣ
ͺһһٺˡ
ǿߣζǿԵֵΪ̫ˡ
ߵĺǿѾǲԼһʥӺ̫ϳϵϢʧˣȻǱɱˣ˿ɢɱ⣬ͬһͷӳ˯ĵڤް㣬ϢԵޱȿ񱩣Ƭտ졣
ǶҪ
ǿߺһǳ˿ȥ˲Ϣ佫˸¡

һȣܱߵΪ֮һ캣ˣˡ
ʱⷽ⣬һЩǿ½ϵźǿ߶ЩʿǰĿڰͰϣ֮ǰѾ˵ô޹Ͽ˳ڵʥӺͼѹˣɴ˿ۼţȴǺܾȡǼʱǸӾȡ
еǸˣ
Ƕô޹Ͽ˳ɡǸеôҲڣʲôϵ
⡭
Ⱥʿȡ
ǡʥʥӡ
ͻȻԱһʿڣָģʥӵĲʬڵϡ
ʱ䣬Ⱥʿ󺧣ԼһʥӣȻɱˣ
䣡
ܿ񱩣ɱ⺧ˣ춼ڻζ
ɿǰɫ㣬˹񷡣
ϷὫǵıԴȫٽǵƳɿܣūۣ
ߺ
¡һ˹ѹ£ֲĲʮռ䶼ˡ
һͬʱݣȹ̫ǿˡ
Сӣô죿
ۡ


760 
˷ӿγɵľ޴Ӱֶ£춼ˡ
̧ͷɫޱء
ǿ̫ˣƣȥֵû뵽һʱȼĴڳ⼸Ǻ֮µǿˡ


ڳһĨĹ⣬һö飬ȻǵڵڶõĶˮ顣
ȻϵãöзǳǿĿˮҲɣֱӳһ߶

䣡
ˮâʢһʱ䣬ܱߵٴηڣӿϣȺĴǿ߻ӳĺ˲٣ƺƵӭȥ
¡һ죬ɴײһ𣬶ʱ佦ˮˣѹŤⷽ˲㱻ӿĺˮ˴롣
һ˾𵴣ڵѪһӿѪ
ģСӣ

ˮǵΪվ࣬ǿס˺ǿѹµĺˣȴЩˡ
ɿϣӲпЩɭ飺ǣ
˵һ֣̽â𶯣ϯ
һͬʱֿ⣬ٴαˣͰǰһΣǿѪ
Сӣɲ氡ô죿
Լ
ʱⷽѾһɰĵˣ߶
춢ǰĺǿߣ粻Ƭ̺һĨɭɭâ
һ˳ȥʱʹ
˵
䣬ûֱͣӳźɿ߶ȥ
һĻʱİǱɫ
Сˣ
е
ʲô
ﻨʧɫǿǴǿߣôôֱӳȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ⷽ⣬һȺʿҲǶݡ
ֱӳĵһ̫ϳϣ

Ȼսǿ޵ͬȥҲֻһ
֪ΪͬѰߵĻ𣿣
Ӳˣ
Щʿȣ
ҲʱѾǿ˺ĸɿߣâǿʢ㣬ֱӻӶɫȭҵ̮ݺһȭѹǿߡ
ǿ㣬һȭѹ£ĺһʿǱɫһ
ֻһ˲䣬һ̣ЩʿٴαĶ
ûãֻһ
һʿ
ĸɿɫ飬ҲѰ·
˵һ֣̽ڣѹȥ

ͬӵд
ɫȫǰȥǿ̺һƣȻҲܵϾͨأΪ̫ˡ
ӭһƣȻовη壬кŨʱǿջȭƣһඦתڳźǿӭȥһ޴龧ˮ滮¡
һĻֱӵֱ˫ֹۣסƣͬʱڳǿͰһ˻Ͻģס񣡡Ҳû뵽Ȼӡħ龧Ӹȡ˳һǳΣյĶƬص׿ռʱֻ۾Ͳѡ
ҲʱǰǸɿߵĴ£ѹӡħǿ޴龧ϡ

ҽеһʱˣǿѹµĴ˲Ϣ䱻һɿµħֱ֣۱īֱ飬ɳɢ
ϣ
ϣ
Ǹʲô龧ˣУС
⣬һʿŷħǿ޴龧ǰһ̻Ϊ龧ϲһ̣һ˱һǱˣ˱˱ɫֱӻӶնԱߵˡ
ɱɱɱɱ
ȺʿУǿ˲Ϣʧҡ
ЩʿǿҲͨɼѣܹħħԣҪ֪Ϊֻ춼ѣʱЩʿҪôʧҪô˻һʱ䣬˻ӶԾ˾ХǷɱԱߵˣ·ǿʲôӵĵ˰㣬ֺ顣
һ˲ϢѪˮһըаĿ
ǣ
ͰﶼһΪѣ˽屾ԴסʱûܵӰ죬һĻ󣬽ǲɵöݣɫ
ǡʲô
ﶢŷħ龧ˮɵӡ
ʱͰ屾ԴסȻûܵħԸţڿħʱȴһĲĸоЩ
һħԴ
ֹ

ҽԲϴĸɿ߲Һһֱħʴ飬ʱ侹ûܹ۳ңͬһʱ䣬ǹħ˳ϱ۽뵽ڣʹϢɿ콵ֱͣͷ­ҵķ
ʱҲоѹ붪ħ龧Ƭס񣬿ɴʱ˴Ӱ죬һʹ龧ˮҲľ̫ˣǺǿһƣȻû飬ȫֻЩѡ
龧ˮûԥҧأඦѹϣ½֮Уඦĸӣͬʱӡ֮ٴνĹر

ҽ̶Ǵǿ˴ѣħħڣ治ΪԵֵڷʴתۼøӸɿˣϱ۸һֱ޷ۣ·궼˰㡣
춢ǿߣ漴ƫͷͰ
סǿһɵ
˸â
лһĨâǰ˵ͷһӿһ׺佻֯һƬƬ
壬
ۡ
ǻ˺ܾõ֣Ȼܹϳ
Ķû꣬ϢøǿʢУһ޴Ӱվһ㣬γһâҫ۵׽
ǿ̬ν
ˣ
һߣǰĹ˸һǿ𣬺ޱߣ漴һԲǿԻʥ㣬м¶
ֱŴͣǿ£̫壿Ű°Ͳû֮ǰԼǿ󣬰벽ǿ߶Ƕʱţư˵󻰣ڣˣǰСﾹȻôǿȻ̫壡
ˣһ壬һ̫壬ǵļԺҪ첻ɣ
ۡ
䣡
ʱǿ
ɫ£˫ַɿӡһͼʼһֱɢױȵĿֲƣⷽһλζ


761 ǸС
ͼһҫʮ񷶼Ϊ֮ζ·ǿʥͼԻ˰㡣
ǣǡʲô
ۣʱͼ̫ǿˣ·ǿѹһ㡣
Ҳǵۣҵǿ»ǿȸνʲôͼҲǾĲС
ΨаһĨտտâֱֱĶ졣طΨһֻ֪ˣҲ֪ڳֻͼʱֻͼȻڰ׼ڼʱǿ̫ˣͬն
΢΢ͷ漴ϷҺĺϡ
ɱ
³ôһ֡
һֻͼâţƺƵĳźѹȥ
ն
ɫĮ
וּһУӰе׽ֱѹ£նһƬա
һߣǿҲǳǰѹȥǿһУͬʯѹѹһռ䡣
䣡
ֱӽطûˡ
ʣһױȵĹɱƣչǿǵƿɲǿЦⷽ춼ˣֱӽĴС
۵һҽʧĴֱӱ飬ҲһС
̳ɢȥǸλɽ֯ž˵Ļ𲨶пռ
һǿߣУ
ȣһǿ¡˵ĴħħӰ⵽شȣ˸ղչֳΪ֮Ϊԣ̫ǿˣ죬ֻͼֱڻ¶̫ˣ죺Сӣղʲôͨ
ǰʲôǿ󣡡
Ҳʵ
֪ǳ췽չֳֻͼȴˡ
쿴۰Цܡ
ֻֻ˺𼶵ǿ߿ԿͰȻܲ
˷ۣܣʲôңˣ
֡
˾䡣
ۣԼһֱ첻˳ۣȴȻ˵ˣ

ɱɱɱɱɱ

ҪҪ

ҽУЦ֣Ÿӵ⴫ǸطһȺʿûܴħħӰѳһš
ɨһۺλãɫࣺߣ뿪ط
ͰͷСſͷ
Զڷɣտһ΢΢һȳһѪ
ɫǵʵôˣ
û£Щ𵴶ѣûʲô󰭡

ŴĴϣӡħ궪ҲЩɣЩϵ֮˵Ĳ̫أҲ̫ᡣ
Ѱطˡ

ͷһٶȺܿ죬תۼгԶʧؾͷ

תۣʱȥ

սǷԵһʿɳħԵĸУѾдȥѪˮȾ˴Ƭ档
ҲʱԶƿ֮
屾ǿ߸оԼһʥӺʥһ̫ϳϵϢʧˣо֮׷ȥĵһ̫ϳϵϢҲʧˣЩ񣬹ʴˣǿ߸Ϣܾˡ
ǣ
ǿȻҲǺ̫ϳϣһĻ󣬸Ǳɫ
һ˲Ϣѣǿ߶Щʿ뵽˻þ֮С

һ˴ʶ̺֮Уһڻҵĺʿһ񽥽
ȺŵĺʿܣڵĵطˮѪˮȾˣȾѪıȾ˵Ѫɫʱѩףһ½еĵųֲֵɵɪɪ
⣿
⡭ô£
ҡǡ
Ⱥʿ̿֡
ϵ峤ŭҰ﷢ʲô
ԣһȺʿһ
κЩʿɫһߣ˶ſڣʥӣʥӱɱˣʼλ̫ϳҲɱˣϣϡʿ˵ȥˣʧȥʶǰֻǿѣϲҽУ²֪ɾˣʱ򣬲ӰȴԼһ̫ϳϸʿҲԼµЩʲôɫøӵĲ԰
˭ģ
̫ϳУɱӿĺڡ
ƣŵﻹŵĺʿһ
˲ŵǡǶãĴ޹ϿˣһͷǿУУǸǸеǸˡ£˽Լֲ˵һ˵Ķ϶ȴǺϸ
̫ϳϵɫޱб鲼Ѫ˿ͬˡ

һŭ
ͬ𼶵ʥӣһǿߣڶǿߣһǿߣԼһطΧڣǺεȳ裿Ǻεʧ

ɱһҪɱǣ
ŭХ֯Ƭռһ级ˡ

˿ԶԶ뿪˺صķΧú߳˿ķΧ뵽һƫƧɽ䡣
Ѱһελãķ˴Լʱʱ䣬֮ǰƳ޸á
ΣȺСǸҪĵˣһʥӣ̫ϳϣлһǿߣʧǡ
ҡͷԵĵ
ã
ߵ
㺦磬һȻˡ
ЦЦԵվ𣬻ֹǣо񷴶Ǹǿ˼֡
ˡ죬ĵʵ֮ǰ˵ڱ壬壬Ѫ壬ʯ׷ɱôأЩɶƬܹŵϺŵȺʯ壬ƬĶ
ƬȻһֱܵ͵ǶƬĸȴǷǳġ
ԱߣҲ죬ɻ
壬Ѫ壬Ӱ壬壬壬ʯ壬⼸ʥ޹ʵңȺȫնˣȻסˡĵ漴ɫԱȻЩڳ塭˶٣ŵ֮ǰһͨСǸСӣǵðɣ
ǵüǵãȻǵãҺ͸ڵһ̫ԭʯҽǿ̫ԭʯΪ֮˺ܶأСһȺСһ˼ҽһǰ׼ҵĻȭ׷ҽʦлУСɰ춼ճң뿪ʱ͸һֱѪҺٴһЩʱĴ·
ᵽǸСӣԵЩ˷ܣ漴ƺ뵽ʲôЩ죺ô֪ȥ
˷ܣȻЩˣˣ度ˡ


762 ϣ
Ļϵ˷֮ɫʱȫʧ˶סˣϵЦЩӲ㡭˵ʲôأôܶˣ˵ֻһ㶼á
ſڣ˵ʲôȴ֪˵ʲô
ü죺ȷ
ͷ
ԣҽʮ֧壬ɱǵɱ̫ϳϣǵǿ

üͷšĸƫͷԱߵԼá
ǡЩأ
졣
Ĭ˵ʲô
΢ЩСأ
ɫȻק˫֡
ǰ㣬СǿɰСӵʱСһҲճǣȴûܱסǸɰСŮСŮꡣ
΢ȻĳĬۿһ¾ʪˡ
밲οȴ֪ӦΰοȻ֪ԼúϲȺСһϲǸССŮֱʱԼʮصı͸СŮȺСһﲻˣСҲˡ
Ҳܣоؿںѹ֡
ҽǶڴĴɽСҲڡ
˵

ܹһ죬лϡƲסͬ飬á
һ죬һһɽС
ɽͨȴŨǰһƬСĹʣɪ
ЩСĹСĴǵĹ쵱ػ
ǰССأֹסĵ䡣ϲǸСŮˣŵԼΪǿ󣬵СŮЩ󣬾ԽĴؼҲû⣬Сȴˣֻǲ
ô
ʡ
վԱߣ
û꣡
ȣ˿˵ĸ֣ɼѾǳʱ򣬼ȺСأԼᣬɱ⽻֯
ƨȺյģ

һɱâ˸֮ǰնһʮ֧壬еķ֧嶼һǨƵ壬漶ǿʵ޷ֱɱȥ
âӳ顣
һطͣã漴뿪úһϡ
ܵ䣬ͰҪοȴնûпڡ
ܿԶʿ߹ѪҲǲ
̫Ѫˣٶ˰ȫɱˣѪⶼʳ˸ɾǡ
ǷˣΪ˱ƳǸˣ伫
ף̫ϳϱɱǿᣬʮ֧屻ǰʱĸǿŹ֡
ãһ͸ã
˵һΪʲôͻȻɱǸСȥǸʲôϵ
˵ǸСи꣬ǸһͬйƺǸ˵ѣȻץסвǺ˾ͷ
һС尡ô֮ս𣿡
ٶˣʮ໧˼ңԶԶƫ壬ʵǳһ㣬ʵԶǺϸķ֧壬һͨ䣬̫΢΢ˣӦòΪôһͨСͳϣϾ俪սɲǿЦǻˡңʵڼһЩƺҲһû𡣳ӦҲһ㣬ԲŸ޼ɵֱ

ȺʿСۣ̾Ϣ
ʱȺʿͦԶһ˵ΪǿȺʿȻȫȥһֲ䡣ʱ䣬ɫֱӱˡ
Сӣ⡭йأ
΢
ݣȻһİҲǱɫ졣
־ּʱһҲûУһ˲ԶȺʿǰֱӽһץ˹Ǹղ˵ʲôǸ巢ʲôƬʱһСһʶ˷ӢۣԷʵһ𴳹һƬż˿ܲ
㡭㣬ǡ
ȺʿȻϳеĺˣǱɫǱץǸʿʱһƬ԰ףûֱӻʹȥ
˵
ͺ
ʿսսС屻ɱµԴ̿֡
ʲôʱ£
ʿͣĶ£ûУûжáͣ壬ʱǰ
ӢۣǸأ
Ҳ񣬺˵ڻ±ס֪ȥгǿ׷ɱȥ
ʿ
оŭһѽʿƿͰͰ˵ʲôɫ͸ͬһɫ㻮ƳգǸСȥ
ɫ΢Ͱһ׷
ٶȺܿ죬ͰҲû٣һ·ٶУԽʮɽֺ󣬳һƬȽƫԶɽ䣬ҲȽ㣬ֲԣԼ޺ƮһŨѪζ
һʮɣúͣǰһǳ΢Сķ֧䣬ԭʮʯݣɴ˿̣һʯȴǽѾưܲʺѪһ߾ɭɭ׹ǣѪⶼǱʳˣĿģ
һɱ纣һдȻΪСļȣȴǸܺܵкøСΪĹϵС屻¾״ңķӢ۸ǲ֪٣־ŭ
ǰüҲɫܲÿƽС屻ٵ񣬺йصС壬ֱַŭ
¡
ʱԶͻȻ˵ܲʮӰǳʯǳǴɱڣϢǿǰˣк룬ΪģѪȴǺܾˣͬһ㣬ת۱ǿ絽ط
һͬʱƫͷˣ䱸
ȺӰУ˶ΧƤ¶Ÿ첲Եĺǿܾˡ
еɢȥˣĿǰϣǰ
ʮӰȷʵʿ嵽󣬶˲ϢݡѾЩʿȻϳ죬ңΪСѺٸҲ֪Щϵ
㣡
Ϊ׵߶ס죬ɢŵ򲨶ȻΪǿߡ
ܹо˵ǿſڣԲΪҵĹϵΪķ֧壬ѡ
ɨѪصС壬ɫȻÿĿϣӢǺӼκǼϼһ㣬ȹļҲ֪£ܹ㡣
ʮӰС壬ɱ죬ޱȷŭ
ĳǣ
˽ŭ
漴һ̣ͨ׳ͻȻӦ߼峤λϣ죬ǿЩȥӢۣ˵ӢۻţӢǺӿһϣ


763 ӵ
ǳķӢۣǽ˿׳ĻȴǲɵĳԾǰߣֱ峤һ̫ϳϣƵǲС׳͸¶ŷӢ۶ҪԣһϣжݣӢݷǳһ㡣
׳Ļ峤̫ϳϽǶݣҲǷӦ˹
ԣӢۣӢۣ
峤ŰţһɫĹսףѪǿʢ
Աߣһ̫ϳҲͷڿȥ˺ޱȷŭ˿̣Ӣۿܻţǵ˼άȫ˷Ӣϡ
Ҳһ𡣡
ǰ˵
Ȼദʱ̣ܶǷӢΪ˷ǳѾѣʧ٣䲻Ȼż
峤̫ϳ죬У峤Сˣ
ǰˣҵΡ
ҡͷ
С㲻ӢۻعΣÿζ㣬һЩ¼Ҳ֪ӢѣЩϼһﶼܸˡ
˵һ̫ϳϵ
ԺΪһƽĴһŭʮ֧壬ΪУ֮ˣȻϲǳкøС
ͷû˵ʲô
Ҳæ

ΪСǸСӵ䣬˿ѣܣҲ峤̫ϳϵͷҪһæѰҷӢ۵䡣
峤̫ϳ϶ŰͰﱧȭл
峤ϣ춯ɣ
ʿ
峤һ̫ϳ̵ͷ˶£ɨﱻѪˮȾС壬뿪Ÿͬķȥٶȶܿ졣
콫Ӣ۵òʶӡķʽʶУһһĹǿɢһ߿ƶһѰӢ۵ټ
תۣʱȥ
ռ䣬һ߹طΪ˲ѰҷӢ۵ĹѪǿߵĿ⣬ֶݣȴûаջ
ɫôÿʶڣǿȴǿߣʮ
תۣչȥ
ǰʱ䣬ɲҵӢ۵˿ټ
һ죬һط屻С峤ԼһЩʿϡ֮ǰֿѰҷӢʱԼµʱ䣬֮ػСۺϣΪռҵ˷ӢۣԼʱ֪ѰеˣûУҲҪʱԵõϢ
ô
ʵ
ûҲ峤ҡͷأ
Ĭҡҡͷ
峤ûҵ
ûѰӢ۵ټ
ǡҲûС
һȺʿҡͷ
峤̫ϳ϶ֳʧ֮ɫսȭͷ
ˣ
ʱС帽ƬɽӰ֣ԼˣѹڴȺӰУͷҲݰǰͬǻɽҰ˰㣬ƵϢȴܾˣɢѪͬޣǽŵ򲨶֯
תۼ䣬ȺӰ嵽ǰ
ϣϣ
峤ӭȥ
ͷɨѪˮС壬峤̫ϳϵͷĿϣС磿Ӣλ壬죬һЩȻ֪֡
ͷ漴ڣλǰ
Ȼ㣬ӢΡĶϺ϶ͷ峤ˡУϿڣʵôѣ˵ӢۻţҵȽԳˣҵӢûУ
峤ҡͷʿҲɫÿ
գɡ
峤˵
ɫÿֱۣŭ峤Ҽ˱չǰô˵ģ㽫ӢǺӽӵȥΪʲô
峤ȻҲΪģҲǴǿߣȴǱ̫ϳ϶Ҫһ˿̱ѵ⣬ǲ˵ʲôվһߡ
ϣ峤ӢǺԼҪԼĵط᲻ǣҲ᲻ƬСأ峤峤Ҳûа취
һͨ׳
ۣˣҲǲǿػΪûô
ǡҲᱩ¶⣬˶ӢǺӣǻ鷳
׳
ŭۣĵ򲨶Ҵܡ
һĻǸо˷Ӣ۶Ҫԣ֮Ȼӣǰɱ峤ĸ̫ϳʥǵĴй֮޲ˡ
ϺʿѪ඼׳ŰţƤǳֹͭɫ㣬һǿС
˿̣СһصѪˮűɵѪǵİ׹ǣҪʧȺʿۣ˶ͷֱ
ĳǣȻô۸ǣ
ǣ峤ôˣ˲ܰװѪܾô۸
սɳǣ
ɱȥƷǣ
ɱǣȫ
ʿŭ
ǿԪ֯Ƭռ䣬Ⱥʿսۺ
ɣϵƢޱȻ𱬣ʱҲǵͺ𣺡ɱˣյĳ壬ҪŪȫ
ɱ
ս
򵽳ϳȥ
Ⱥʿŭ
춯ݣȺʿսȻȲͰԼ˺һǵսȴǺǿ󣬶ΪҪǣΪ˵޹ŭܸȾˡ
ͷģɫӲֻΪ飬ȻǼʵҲûʲôںûаԹȴ۸ͷ岿ıټѰôˣҪǸۣ
ϵĻ˵ĲȴŨŨɱ⡣
ɱ
ȫ
Ⱥյģ
ʿ
ˣһ˼ѰӢ۵䣬ˣ壬ӵ壡Ϊǿڴ죬ʱɢͬްϢ޹ѪѪ
˻ʿٴδǴ衣
͸ˣɱȺյĶ
Ϻ
峤峤Ҳս˫ȭɱ⽻֯սڡǺףʱ򣬶ϼȻ㿪˿ڣ˼ԣ֮ǰĵһ̫ϳϺеھѾľ
һʿŭ켸ҲǸоڵѪҺЩڡ
λǰɱʱǣ
ǰ
ǸС壬д񣬺СһǰͰĵˡһѷӢڵС壬ɺ³һ㣬ɱ֮Уصǰ
ģ壬ϲ


764 
Ļ弸ǿ߽ԵͷãӢж
Ҫһɱ壬⼸һҲ⣬һ˾͸ӶһҪɱ壬ܲȥ
Ⱥˣ

û˵ʲôվš
弸ǿתС壬սȭͷһ̣ͷĶϴ𳤿գʿһϵƲ㶼·Ҫ˺˰㣬ɽеŵսս
ͱȥ˵һ
С壬Ѫأ׹ɭɭм߰׹ϻ֯ŲϢϡǵãһҹ߰׹ǵˣơ
һΪǱ𣡡
е
н֯âĿСƿһɽ֮աţӢӦûţϾǵıô
壬
һ
һ죬һǿߣ͵£ѰҷӢ۵䣬Ƿ壬ȻҲ弸ȥ
Ⱥʿ˷ɽԽ룬úǰƵĴɽɽɽ䣬һ޴ĲʣһʯӣԵúͨȴһɰеϢϽ֯š
ȻЩʯڵѾǳˡ
塣

𣡡
ʱеͺضɵһ
帽һͷɸߵΪһͷ֯ƣ۾ɫϵˣԼ侹΢ĵ򲨶ڽ֯һһӴѹȸУͬһɽѹ˹㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ҲɸߵʮͷԺǿǴŵĵ򲨶Щ޶帽ȴһ㷴ӦҲûУʿЩҲûη壬˴֮ɫ
üɻЩ޽Ϊ벽ദƺܺ
ƺɻʱԹι޵ϰߣʱͿʼߣ̳֮󣬱Ȼ׽һԱ
ͷԭˡ
帽ʮ벽ȻǷ˻طϵˣ˹УϷͺʶ˳
ǣˡϿڣӢǺӣʱûҵ
𣡡
ԴȺɽɢҲǿͬһʱ䣬ʮͷҲХоɱ⽻֯˳ǳľˡ
ȺǿޣȻôˣ
ʮٴη𣬶弸ǿߡ
սʱԵһ𣡡
ϵ
䣬ϲٶ˵ʲôͬǿߣˡ
С磬λѣҵõЩ룡
⼸ǿ߶˺ܿΪǷӢ۵ѣңȹǼ˵ڷӢЩǿѾǽ쵱ԼˣѣȻҲЩǿһͬʡ
ڵ·ϣ峤Ϊ˽˷ʮޣӢۻСʱʱÿζϷ棬ʼкʱսǶǺӣӢǺ䲻Ǻһķŭ
ͷѹ֮ǰЩ޻ɢǰǿɱ⡣
弸ϣһУһӻ׵˳Ƥ£忴ƺѪȴޱǿʢ
졣
ۡ
峤ӻ׵ߣϡ
ӻ׵Ϊһ̫ϳϣǶ弸ǿߵͷ漴ĿϣһĨɫСѣ
ǰ
΢΢
ͬ˰㣬飺ãж
챻ӢȻҲ֪졣
ϽܰͰȻҲ֮
һ죬˶ǷǳҪĿˣȴûʲô绶ӭΪжɱ⣬Գɱ⣬жеǣǷӢۣԣȻʺϡ
Ƣܻ𱬣ϣٱɱȥӷǵŪȺյģ
Ѿϣ˵ѪһսѾ׼á
ϵ
ӻ׵ߵҲŨɱ⣬ȴ͸һӼʹѪҺΪ֮һ΢΢ȭΪһ˿ڵ΢Сķ֧С壬Ҫ壬û뵽һɡ
ͬʱҲоâ֯壬˱һ䣬ŭ⣬֮ԥľҪɱ壬²⣬뻹ΪӢۣǸС壬ʹ÷Ӣ䲻ͱˡ
ǰʱɷʱ䣬ӡɱ̨
˵֮Ҫȥһ壬Щ׼ȻӦõ¡
죬΢ЩԾСܿӡɱ̨˵ţߺƺʲôˣУС㻹ϵĿʦ죬պС㿴ʱɹ
ͷʱ䣬㹻ˡ
Ϊͻʱ䣬㹻ӡ¶ʮǳɱ̨
һ죬Ϊһ׼Ϣĵط׼˳ʳ漴ûٴšһʯм䣬ʯȡʮˮʯ̨һתɫָԾһƵӡˮʯϣ䵽ˮʯ֮С
ˮʯǰ洢ƣӡ̨ѳʯ
Ͱһ߿ţſһߵһʯϡ
˵СӣʵǸѺܲһ㰡ģɱνʥڸĴǿ̫ˡʱ򿪿ڣ˵үĹƣǸѣҪô쵽ĸҪôǼпΪһ壬֪𣿡
˶٣΢΢ҡͷȻܹо彫ӢۿķǳҪ֮ǰһ׳˵ӢһϣڡֻǣڷӢ۵ľȴǲ֪£ҲȻȥѯʡ
ңûѯʵıҪ۷Ӣ۵ľΪΣԷѡ
Ҫ󡣡
˵
˷ۣʱûкͰܣð
ӡɱƣܿ죬ʱǹȥʱ䣬;ϢΣÿϢʱԵϢ֮ӡ¶ʮɱ̨ЩɱԼ
𣡡
޺𶯳գضɵҡ
һ죬ﺰɱڣǿվ˳ǳŴ󵶣ǳǴǳʯɱڣսˡ
˴ʯ߳ЩǿߣѪҺɵЩ
Сѣλѣ׼ˣ

ͷһжѾ
ãϵͷһʿѪծѪǣɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һʿ𣬸ɱ⾪ˡ
⣬ʮ벽Сһǿߵļͷ˫۽ɫҪһɱ塣


765 Ѫ
屻ս֣һսʿ𳤿գأɽƺζ
壡
ϴͺ
ʱ䣬սʿԶڵԦڿڷɣѹѹһƬÿ˵ѪǺܻ
Ⱥ׿ӡ
ֹ
ȥʿѹѹһƬж٣󲿷ֶǳŰţǿԪ֯һ𣬴Ҳһɢ
ʿУӣȺʿУǿʮˣ벽ǿ߸ǲ٣ε޾нӽʮҪ˵Լİ벽ˣֱһɻ⻹ȫʵֻɱսʿѣʱﻹǿء
˭˵ģ
â
ƿʮǿߣϰٰ벽ǿߣɱȳ壬壬Ӱ壬ѪҪǿ֮࣬ȴ˶ˣ
¡
𶯣ҡ
壬ȺսʿܸߵûκڣǰԽգȴأųɱһ·ųȥʿɴ˫ۡ
⣬ǣ
ʿСдǿ߾УСȻʮˣ
ǿƣôǿ𣿣
⡭
찡һҪȥʲô
һĻʿɴ˫ۡ
ʿ߳壬߳ɽȹգѹأǴž˵ɱ⣬ѪǿһͷͷҰް㣬ʿΪ֮Ĳ
һЩʿȺʿɫһ䣬Ⱥʿе졣
ǡǸ˴У
壬Ӱ壬ʯȶ׷ɱ˵֪ΪʲôҲҪɱôͻȻߵһˣ
ô£
һʿ
һΣûڣҪڣһΣȥ壡
¡
ˣ߳Զɽ󣬲ٴһԲսȴʼǿʢͬһȼգ֮ʿ˱ܣΪ֮ľ
ûãһЩۼʿ֣ʮǿ߾ǰȺʿһ𣬽ķƺǳڡ
⡭òǣҪ
ԼµЩʲôʱֻһӽŵֱӳͷ­
¡
ʿһƬһԲдɱ⣬սղͣŤ֣ȫǵȿµɱӰ졣
һɱĴһ·ųС
Ҳ֪˶ãǰһƬɽԶԶȥһ޴ĵʣƬɽģҲ֪жôĿ㣬԰ʯ޽ɡ
ˣ
һɱ⡣
קȭͷᣬ˿ҲΡ
ſͷ΢˫ۡ
ʿж٣ǰĳ壬ս񱩣ɱ졣
ʲôˣ
⣬ŵļʿֱӱɫ
ɫڣһ˳ȥ˲ͥǰ
ˣ
Ӷɫȭͷһȭѹ£񷶼ƺҪ̮˰㣬˲佫ͥļʿ飬ѪȾգͬͥҲһȭºȻ̮
ǣǲˣ

ڣȻǿ߷졣
࣬㣡Ѱ㣬ܺãԼˣ
а벽ǿɱ
ƫͷȥӱͽնһɫ۵һնķ顣
գֻع
ɭȻ
ǸС屻ٵǲŲСǰޣһΪ˱ƳǶڵСɱ֣ȫ޵㡣
Ķ
һϣɱ
⽴
гʿ
ٵķ֧ȫϹڳ壬ǿ࣬ʮ벽ǿһѹңһЩͨǿߺʿҲɱȥ
䣡
Ťһ״һ벽ǿķǡһ̣ҡһ׺٣ҽжʱһƬ
үԶ֣Сǣսɣ
ͷԾ𣬱ɫſŴɣһһƬɫϯһ벽ǿ˺飬Ѫ׹¡
Ĺ⽻̫֯һ벽ǿߵüĹᴩĶԷֱ䣬Ϣ˲ʧӰ١
㡭ǣ
ⷽڣһʿĲԱһŵˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɱһȺʿҲǴ󾪣Ȼʮǿ߶Ϊ֮𺳡ǿЩǿߺȺնͼʥӣ˵ͬ޵Ҳˣû뵽ߵһҲ£ɱ벽ǿͬ˺һ㣬Ǻš
漴һ̣ʮǿ߽ǷӦ˹
ǣʲôɱ
ϵͺ
ʱ䣬ս񱩣һսʿȫˡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ̶𶯲񷡣
ȺʿѪˣһͬǴϹʱʱնɱţݿ࣬һУûʲôԵֵһʿ
𣡡
죬ǿ߼ͷСڿգŴ󣬶ʱ䣬˵ϯϵ£Ѿֻһ˿ܿǵƿɱͨİ벽ǿǿ̫ˣͬնֱա
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һ˲䣬ѪⲻƬըһƬĿ
壿
㡭ʲô
Ҫ忪ս𣿣Ƿ𣡡
һЩǿ߾֡
ս裡ǽģ壡
ϴԳ֣ϯգѹ£Ҳ֪һ˺˶ٳʿѪˮͬ㲻ͣ£˲佫Ⱦ˴롣
һŵгʿˡ
ɱ
յĶǣŪȫ
ֵǣһҲҪŹȺյ֪岻Ǻǵģ
һʿŭǴӲ궼ɽ͵޲ɱǿ󣬽飬һС屻Ե޹Ҫ˵ڻѰټܲŭɱ纣
һɴȻҲȴǱսɱ˵

ҽ𣬲ٳʿ֣սս
ʱǿĵ򲨶ɢĵһ̫ϳϺһ̫ϳϳ˳ɱɨ죬һʮǿߣɫѿˣʲôΪκһɱ壡
Ϊʲôǰһɱ⽻֯˫۱û˿Թȴ壬Ѫ⣬Ϊʲô
ǿ߽ɫһ䣬һĴ˶ѣܹǷ壿ǵطǿҲֻǲͨضѣѾҪΪôһûСƵطҪҳ忪ս
һʿԳųŭĿӣֱӣһ콣ֱն˹ȥϳ棡


766 
ӭնĽâɭֱһƽâĵķ顣
Сɱ㣡
϶ֱֳ̧ѹȥ죬˳ʮಿ壬ɱǵ𣬶ǵƷ߸ǿߣǴޣ
һЩ£Ͼϴڴ죬򲨶ǳˡ
䣡
һ𣬴һɿ񱩵ѪϺնһȭѹ¡
һϵ㱻ˣһֱ۸Ǳ鲼ѺۣѪ㡣
壬ΪôһСƵطǵҪҳ忪ս
ŭ
裡
ͲѹгһȻһƷֱӳų¡һʱ䣬տĲ̮ˡ
㡭
飡
ָ񵲣Զ
ǣɱɱɾ۵ĺӶҪ£
Ϻ
ϵĻ£ʱ䣬ɱøӿ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱᴩգս˺Ѳ񷣬ѹʿһը
𣡡
һ벽ǿ˺顣
ͬһʱ䣬طʮͷҲǿһİ벽ǿҲ֪ǿ˶٣Ⱥ˺һ벽ǿߡ
ɱȺ
׸ɾ
ɱ
ʿ𣬸Ѫʮ㡣
ս˶ݡ
үǾЩȾȺӡ

ɫ쫷˫𶯶˺һƬʿ
жһƷɽ콣âɨϵ¡ȽâЩ£Ϊʩչ¼˿赲ʱʮʿɥѪˮͲʬ׹ڳĵϣĿġ
䣡
ҡ
ɫĮһϡûκֻǰվţǣԵȴһѹ£·׺˰㣬ݿ࣬ĳһƬ潹ƲҲ֪жٳʿķǡ
һȺ쵰
ҧ
ŭݣ׼Ҵ̫֮߶Ҳ֪ȴİ׼Ҵǿ˶٣һӰһѹ£ռ䣬һʿȻǰ벽ǿҲԵֵž֮ɫȴޡ
˵һ־Եѹһɨǰѹں󷽣ʿֵˣȹɱ£û˿أֻܵűɱ


ϣ
ʿҽУֲ
ǣ
Ŀⶾ־ŭĶ죬ŭӰһ̫ǿˣޱȷŭʱһİ벽ǿߣڶԷоȻͬǲݽһ㣬ɱͨĳʿ·ǰһ׸ѪɫͣѾǽƬҪȾˡ
ƫͷȥգһ彫״Ƭʧ
ﬣ
Ӷɽһ벽ǿ˺飬һƬͨʿնѪĲ
Ϻһ̫ϳϽǾŭӣ
䣡
䣡
ʱǿˣ볯˹ȥ
ߣ
ߣѹϡ
ѹ£ƷһɱϣͬʱŸǿߺȵʲôһϣǣ
ϻµһ˲䣬˹ɴӿ֣УϴɱǸ̫ϳϣһɱĴϡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
֯嫺ӿ
˵ȫһƽĽ棬ΪĹϵֻʣǿߣ߸ǿ߶նˣ񣬳ǿʮǿߣôȥ⣿ǱѹŴתۼƬѪҺ
󣡡
Ͽ
¡һƬ·Ҫ̮ƣ˵ɱƵƬձںһƬңʱԻʮһЩʿ·뵽һ㣬жʱԱü
лڣΪ͹壿̫ˣ
Ϻ
䣡
廤𶯣Ƭռɱǣǵɱ⵱Щˡ
Ϊһ᲻֪л󣿡һ飬ͬɱһ㣺ɱ̨
ڶλãµһ˲䣬ھֱˮ̨ʱ䣬һɿֲɱ֯ɱƸ˲Ϣ鲼һƬռ䡣
٣
ЦϷλãͬɱ̨ɱһԻ
λãһĮ׺֮Уͬɱ̨֡
λã֣ɱ̨߶ɱӿ
䣡
̼䣬ʮɱһԻǿɱ֯ĳʿʿļ£Ǳɫ
գһ

¡һ׵Ķλãɱƹâţɱ϶
ͬһʱ䣬һɱѹĻ
ɱΪŴ֮һʮûκһ֮⡣һǵɱȲϳĻ󣬵ǣʮɱһԻԿʣȴǿ԰쵽ʮɱһǵƣǵɱȫȫס˳廤ǿһЩ
ɱ
ͺȡ
ʮɱѹ廤ٴλӶɽ콣â˫
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һѪըʿתۼǱȽâնһƬгİ벽ǿȽâ
Ͱͬʱ֣˺Ƭʿ
һ֮£ûܵס
ɫͱ䣬ŭӣŸո֧󣬻ûüɱʿûԻɱȻ㱻סˣŭ㡣
ϵ𺳣֮ǰҪӡɱȴǲ뵽ɱô£Ȼס˳Ļǿ֣
úúãӢж
ϿЦ֮Ǹ񱩵Ĺĵһ̫ϳϡ
ɱ
ɱ춯أһʿۻ뾪ˣһ֮󣬳ųʿѹͬһɱֵĳʿһһ飬һһ

ҽڳڻصһѹһס
ʱǿԳһªߵǿնϣ˫Ϊɫ⽻֯һɫĶˡ
ڣ
ϴ
ͬһʱ䣬ʿǴϲߺڡ֡
ȥнâ֯ǳ棬һ澳ǿߣ
ɭɨɨˣǣ˶⽻ּ֯䣬ʴƬգǵһʱ䳯һץ˹ȥ


767 ѹ֮
Щֲ澳ΪѹµĴֽʮնˣһȻܶУûܵĿռ䡣
ɱǣ
ʿ
ʱ򣬳߳ԭֵĳʿ˵ֵı鶼ʧˣΪǵ洦澳Ρ
ˣ
ʱ𶯣һʯ£ֱ̽Ĵѹķ顣
һͽ˶ߵն£ƤϰѪ㡣
棡
ߣе
˳ȥоâԻҲˣ
潵£㣬Ұԣͬһͷԭʨ㡣
һʱ䣬ʿһϢ塣
϶Ҫ忪սɣ
Ĵؾ۶н֯ɭ⣬澳ھȻˣҴƷ
˫⣬ֱӴ߶ʯٴγųѹȥ
ˣ浱۸ڴɽˣǣҲӲˣ
ͷݷҰ޻Ұޣ񱩵սĿռ
䣡
֣νǿֱƷѹ棬һʱ䣬ƬƺҪѵ˰㣬Ⱦ˵ս²ͣŤͣ
ȲЩˣĻɱƶЩ֧ˣϢ£ͣƺһ̾Ҫ˰㡣
˵ˣǲս壡
ʱ
䣡
𶯣Ϻϵһ𣬺ɱһ̫ϳϣѹųϴĳѪȺ󱻼ǿɨΡ
һߣǿ߹ɱһ̫ϳϣռžԵƣϾһ̫ϳϸǺ޷
ɨӳƬ壬к⽻֯
λɱ
ȵ
ڶλãǰѹһɨնƬʿ
âΪǿսս
ɱ
Ⱥ棡
Ūȫ

򣬰һǾǰ˿ɵݿ֮࣬ûʲô¡

ʿҽУֵıٴθֶ
ﬣ
Ӷ콣콣һɨʮݿ࣬նһС
ڳһеɱνǿ㣬ֺ飬콣âͬˮһոųʿ
䣡
һߣɫ춯أɫᣬһƬ׺ߣİ벽ǿ߾Ҳͬ߹֮ɡ
СǣͶ̥ȥɡ
Ц
ִ۷徳䵽ʶ磬ִﵽͨ죬٣ڻŲȱĴȻҲǿֲˣսǿᡣ
һߣ̫⹭̫Ůһ㣬̫ʸƽȣȴĳʿһϢ𣬰벽ǿҲˡ
֮£һ޵֮ˣ
𣡡
Ĺ޸һ󣬼˵Ӣˣɵöжо˵Ĺ˸Ϊһǿܡ
ʱһ·ı޼᲻ݵУ˺ķĳʿɾ󲿷ǿ߶һɱڸɨսϵ©֮㣬һѹǰ£ûκεˡ

ҽвͣص֮µʿһޱȾ֡
ʮǿȥһâ𺳲ѡ
ϿЦֵǣЩϼһҪСһѹȥˣϽսֻϳӣ
Եˣ
ɱ
ǣ
ǿ߻Ӧ
ڳԣһ޹ƽԵսһֻһǿߣһȴһʮǿߣ죬˺벽ǿͬ˺һڣһȫȫѹǳ⻹ôȥս
䣡
ӿء
ɱ
ȣͬĸǿߣһ̫ϳϻС
ɱϣ
ϵ

ǿ߻Ӧ
ʱ䣬ǿһѷĳųѹȥʱʹóɫ䡣һ˲䣬ʮǿһѹǵϢݺһ
ڣң
µĵһǿ߿ʼȣʮǿϣеϿһҲݣֵܹˣ
ƫͷֱӿ粽Ȼһ̱Ǳһʯסȥ·
Ķң
浲ǰһɸߵӰԻɽӡ
һĴս۳Ӱɱǿľˡ
䣡
ϯ񷣬Ƶĳ治òȫӭ
ȻȫӭȴҲǴ·ϾƷʯ֣Ʒȴһα˹ȥѾˡ

ϧȴûãսۻ룬ȵĴսϷ
һĻʱһɺ⣬棬޷
ˣ

棡
Ÿǿһѹϣ飬纣
סס֣Ҳǻһֻ˵ķ壬Ǻˣ
һߵֵһ߾е־塣
ʱЩˣǸСǿǰΪ˵һϵܺãƺѣץ֮в졣֪˿ϡ٣ûʲôǿߣ㲻ʲô壬ӦҲֻǻŭһѣܻʲôķӦǣû뵽ǣ˴ӦҷӦĴ󣬾ȻֱӻӾɱ

Ƣ𱩣ųǴ˵Ȼ˫ֱָӿ񱩣ɱӯҰ
ɱ
ϵ
һʮǿȫ֣ʮͬķɱĳϸӵľֺ;ȻԻҲãֱӱǱ
סס֣ҡҴǵǸ
ϵݳʱе
ԣ
弸ǿ߻һ£
ûʲô˵ģʮɴѹ£˲Ϣ佫ϵķ顣
ϣ
һʱ䣬һʿһ֡
̧ͷȥϱնоâʢն콣ǿ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫͣը콣â£һĳʿûдأһ
λսȫ׽ǣ
ȵ
ɱ
Ӧٴ𣬸Ϣǣʮա


768 
ӭһʿ𳤿գսǡЩսʿǻʯǹǻì·ĹŴѹսǿľˡ
ʼվǰɽһɨܼ콣âͬ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһը콣â£ʿһһ
棬
˾ִС
ⳡս屾ʹھԲλã壬˫սͲһϣ񣬳ĵһ̫ϳϺһ̫ϳսֻʣһ汻ǣţһȴʮǿߣ죬ͬ𣬳ˣʿڷ
Įڳڣ飬гϻӶâ졣
⼸򣬰ǿľˣͣոųʿͬһʱ䣬޴ʿɱĺ޷
˫֯ɫŭ⣺̫
𣡡
߶ƷһӾȥ
һռֱܼѷ졣
ΪƷ֣սҪǿһЩƵĳŵŵŵĺˡ
棬һƬɭȻΪܹҳ壿˵Σˣ̧һķӡգǶ
䣡
ųķӡϣ¡һؾҡһڹӳ̼ɢһɼΪ˵Ϣٴӳϯ
ȥĵѿˣһͷڵļ׳˫ͬһֱɫһ˫Ѫɫĳ򣬻֯ںڵĹ
΢䣬ͷڼ׳Щ£֯ŨѪɷϢɢĲԿǿߡ
СЩ
԰˴
ڼ׳һһɸĿ磬תۼٵƬսϡ
һʱ䣬˵Ϣ֯˶һ
ǣ
ͫһȻо˴в
Աߣ̫ϳҲɫǰ
ͬʱ˿ҲǲɵͣٹɱʿͷͻȻֵ״ǴɢϢʵ̫ˣаϢ
⡭
ȻǳʿҲΪ֮¶ݡ
пᣬһԾȵ׳ͷ
ɱ
³һ֡
׳淢˻ſһźɫڹ⣬ǳ棬ǳȥ̼ʮըѪƮڿУȫֻ׳漳ȡ˹ȥ뵽С漴һֻ̣ɢϢǿˡ
浱һŭϳӣ
˹ȥƷʯռ䣬״棬Ȼ״̫ǿˣǿ棬ƷҲǶ֣תۼǱɨɣӶˣѪˮֱУĿġ
棡
ϵ˽Ǳɫ
˽һ棬׳Ķ֣
ʿһ㶣漴ϲ
ڣɱǣ
ҳ޵еģ
ɱɱߣ
ЩʿֿʼʱԼһڻ״̫ǿˣڳƷһӣ˻˭ܵˣֻڣЩʿãһܹȫ֮ˡ
״ϣɭ䶾ҳػޣѾ¼ʿѪιǧ꣬ɱµˡ棬¶ɭɭȻЦˣǧ䣬Ҳʿػ޸УΪػ޵ĳɳһգЩȫɣҳػޱøǿһɱ䣡
ϳ棬˵ʲôѪιͷ
ŭ
Щ䣬˼ɽ޲ʱʧ٣ҵΪ޵Ĳսȥקȭͷҧų棺ǡǰнˣǡ
ЦҰˣӵתͦ죬ЩʧٵˣǱɣǽҳػ޸С
⣬壬ɥĲ£еĻҪ࣡
ŭЩʧٵͬȻ޵ĲǱ尵°ȥ״еĸ֮ʳ
ɱ㣡
־ŭֱӳųɱȥ
ϡ
泰ֱ̧֣ץϡ
ʱ䣬ˣ˿һָˡ
Ͼǿߡ
ˣ
һʯѹƼǿϴӳĴּ˻
ڡ
קȭͷ
״ϣ棺Σգ˵˶ҪЩˣ֮
涢ų棬˫ĿѾɵͬһͬ㡣
Ҫۣ壬Ǻ۸ģ
̧֣һֱӴʯУϲ˸磬ʼһֱɢһɻԵĲ˱ɫȻҲǲ⡣
ʲô
еСʯ򣬳ов
ͬһʱ䣬Ƕݣȡʯ򲻴󣬵ȴ·һ㣬̵Ļֱ̫ˣȻǰȵҲֱɫ
壬ÿһԪҪɿʱὫһѪ֮ע뵽һʯڣˣΪǿ̣ڣܹоöʯÿһöʯ򳹵ը󣬶൱һ澳ǿԻ٣
溮
⻰һʱ䣬ȫɫ
ը൱һ澳ǿԻ٣ǺεȵĿ£
𺳣ÿһԪɿʱȻѪ֮۳ȴɱңȴɱȻö壬Ȼĵ̣ƺȹȴ嶼ˣ
Щӣǡ
ʱ򶼲ɵõۣѪ֮ȴɱֶɵóԾʵǶԼݡ
ɫıѿޱȣҲû뵽Ȼĵ̣ȺҰӣʵͼʲô
ͼֻǴӲѣڣĳ棬ȥɣ
ŭֱеʯ
̼䣬һɻƵһ˲佫״ˡ
ֱӱɫһļ¸Уס֣ͣ
䣡
ʯȻֶνѹһΧڣĳֻ״һըһ˿Ѫû
һ˲䣬ض
ʿսսȻǰ벽ǿҲ⣬һֹסĶ£ϡڡһһǿߣ漶棬ȻҲɱˣͬǿɱκ˵棬Ҳһһǰ
漴н¶֮ɫͽ֮ɫ
ͰӣɨƬ壬΢΢ȭ
壬ˣ


769 Ѱ
ԵĲ֯ڿУ份״һǿʯ̻ٵһʿ֡ʱսѾ׸֡
ġô
ʿ֡
ųƬ壬ʿʣ࣬ϧȴѾûսˡ
ɱ
һΣҪ˵ʲôд𣬳ʣĳʿɱȥ
ڳԣһѣսˣǵƸʱĳʿܹȣۼɱʿǶʼӶݡ
·Į
ﬣ
ɱƷڣɱ罣Ͷɱ⡣
ʱ򣬳ͳ̫ϳ϶ѾսĴҲڴսбһһն˸ɾĻΪȱǿƿضȻѾǽȥʮɱǡʱ˿̣ʮɱ鲼嶫ĸ£ͬʱڣɱͬˮһ׹䣬˲仯һƬɱ

ҽлصһʿ֣˿ʼġ
ϧط컹ˣ飬һ̫ɺˡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɱܼһ£ɱƿƴݿࡣ
Щɱ⣬ʮǿٴζݣȻҲЩɫ
ɱ
ֵǣЩȫڵߣ۵󶼲Ҫ£
ɣ
ͣӶһʿ顣
ҽҲ֪˶ãƬ屻ѪˮȾ죬ʿȫնɱһҲʣʬ˵Ķڵϡ
𣡡
ǳ˻𣬸Ұʮ㡣
ɱưͰߵһңƫԶλõǸС巽
ݳޣ˽ˣ
ܻǸöáɵ䣺С
찲οۿСǰԶȰܣȴѾ˺ܶࡣ
ɨߣû˵ʲô
Զϵ˿粽
죬Сѣλѣҵϼһ￪۽硣һ̫ǿˣ涼Ϊ֮ľ졣
ǰޣʵľ紫ǿ̫̫ˡ
ܿ
СӣСһˣѾȺ壬Ƕǵĵ̱ʱˡ
Сſͷϡ
ʮǿ߶һ㶣ſڣЩΣһˣΪһ棬ȴȻСһСѣǡ
캹գǰ֣ڡ
ʵ˵ƺΪСһʵǷǳ£ΪıҪ࣬ϾǴ۷塣ʱȻ˵ֻ΢΢ȭǸ⡣
ۣպû˵
ִЦҲʲô
Ƭڣս֯ţϿӿݣŽˡ
һսֹסԳսᣬͣ٣ͬ˵һһǲϼ֯
ﬣ
һʯűƿг౦˸ɭɭ⣬ıɢһޱɱϢ
ɨۣУƷƷʮƷƷ࣬ȼıǶ塣
ȥһ

úǴ򿪳Ĳؾ⣬г౦ʺձһѻ˸ɾ
һ·ȥͥ࣬úһ򿪣潻֯ŨķΪĵ⣬ŸָıͲҩ඼ܲ
嵤
ϴ赤
ʶ
Ŀɨȥ౦ļֵܸߣŷǳ˵Ч
ĿƶڵһСҩƿϡҩƿߣװöѪ觰ıĴָǰСʱ˹ȥ
Ѫ񵤣
΢΢һݡ
Ѫ񵤣ƷµȱԶݵΪսȵ𻯵ʱŽõѪ굤Чǿˣһֽɱ֮ԳǽɱΪȱΪսֻʱԵģһصĸãҩЧȥʱԶһŴ̹ǵʹ
촫ҩҩȻڵһʱϳȱȱֻԴµãϾֻƷµȲεĵҩԤţΪʳһöѪ񵤺ΪӦÿһĲΡ
̧ͷȥȷʵֵҩ
ʶ㣬ȻҲϵֱֻԿۣûô⡣
߹ȥСҩƿȡУС
һ
һ
һ˼ȥһֱ಻ʤϾǴãôƾµۻеĺöȻǳĶࡣ

һⱻʱ澫âŨȻȫ龧
ɨһۣԼʮҡ
ȵʳǿһЩ

ʮ龧ǷǰһıأţȴûʲôķӦڵ˵ʮ龧Ѿ㲻ʲôˡ
úһ˽ĸ˸飬Ѱ౦ܲ
գ龧ҩ䱻ȫȡ˳һ𣬶һСɽɢλεĹ
죬ΣСѼһȣǰʹ˼ûʲôˣЩҵ֡
ҡͷƴǣܹ˳壬ȫǿ壬壬ʵܴҪЩ
֣ôˣ
һ֣ܺ
컹ƴǣϵ̬Ⱥܼ޷˵ʲôպ彫ı龧䱦ƽ֡
ôСȺûʲôñ
Ʋ죬۷ԣۻ㲻ʲô
Ļû˵ʲôɨ۳Ƭưܲѵء
ҲܣʿڴȻúܽ
ˣڣͲѰӢǺˡ
ϵ
ǿĬĬͷü䶼Ǵŵ֮ɫ
ӢǺһ£ٶǲһЩȥѰңϷҲȥ
ϵ
ͷ弸ǿߵ֮ҲѰӢ۵䡣ӢѣΪĹϵ䲻ȻҳԷ
˶ͷлСѡ
ҡͷǰǿˣӦ
䣡
ʱԶճǿĴʮӰѪǿᣬתۼڽǰнɱ⣬ϵ˽Ϊ֮ݡ
һһĨâʮӰǴǿߣй壬壬Ѫ壬аӰ壬壬к壬ʯ塣
СӣѰˡ



770 ɱ
һɱ壬;ûڣʿˣϢȻȻǴ˳ȥʯǿ֪һ̣Щ嶼ǿɱˣʯ壬壬壬ĸǿߣ壬ӰѪǿߣɢϢǿŨ
ƿ󣬱ϴȥƬʱҪͿ
ֹ
ż˵ʮǿߣн֯âû˵ʲô
ͰȻҲû˵ʲôѾ֪ͼĶԹǰһĻûʲô⡣ңкǿߣǸ֪ԷΪζ
¶ɫȴҲ֪ĴǿΪʲôطʱ򣬽սе
ʯǿ߸ϵưܵأ󾪣壬ȻˣʮǿֻǾһ˲ѱͻعɱ⡣

Щ˼ͬһʱɱطɭȻ̡
УʯȴĿϣΨкǿ߽һȫסˣŨǰʱ䣬һܼɱıһʥɱˣͬǿɱˣһоȥĵһ̫ϳҲɱǷϣǺ޵˼㡣
ǵľǵĹǶԽޣ
һǿҧ
ʱʮǿԴɱ⣬ǵȺһϢʵ̫ǿˣܺˡ
ʯĸǿߵȻҶţšһʥӣǰʱУжȥ̫ϳϣҲһն˵Ǹطǡɱƿɱ֮ɱɱһźǿߡ
кεֶΣն
һǿߵ
ʮǿߣʱֱӳѹ˹ɱⰻȻǺһʱɱ̫أطˣϢ塣
춢ʮˣоâ֯޾⡣
ǰ˿˿Ƶ罻֯
ʱ˵һһϿ˳ʮ˺ȵҪʲô峤Ȼ֪ЩΪˣȴǲûʲô干ֳͬ壬ѣǲʱԹۡ
ҰˣûȺӵ£Ҫ޹ʸԼһѣ
ʯĴǿߺ
ʯΪƬ֮һͬΪǿߵʿȻһҲС
Ƣ𱩣вѣΪŴģ
ʯĴǿһϣʯĸǿ۵׽ɱ⡣
˵˭
һ
˳澳ѹʱɢʯ弸ǿ߽һ
澳棬ʯĸǿЩɵȴη壬ҪҪΪУÿˣ
壬ҹΪУ
ͬʱܵĹ
ʱͬʱҵȼս
ǿߺ
ߣ˵һĻϹͷŴģ
ԼĴǿߣЩΪġ죬ͬʱ򼸸սȻԵúǿƣû˿˲
ҵ޾壡
Сսѣսѣ
Ҫɾ͸ɣ
ʱʮǴ
ЩʿҰʮ㣬Ѫգ壬һҲûη塣
ʯȴǿߵɫʱǱȻû뵽ʱΪ죬̬ȻôǿӲʱǿڣǲϾ澳ǿ֣߳һ˲˿ķ
΢΢ȭôǿߣһû˿ԥͳɣƴպܱͬʱķҲҪܸж
һˣ΢΢񣬵лλǰ⼸ĶԹλǰҪǵ¡
ĺ⣬죬ǣȴ˶ͬʱͼĶԹУǻ塣
Ȼ֪ʲôҪ첻صģȴִϡʯ͹ɱĶʮǿߣɫƽû˿ηı飺ʯ壬壬壬壬Ӱ壬Ѫ壬Ǻ壬Щ˳ɱԻϴһԼ·
һΣһöСҩƿ֣װöѪ觰ı
ƷµȲΣѪ񵤡
Ѫ񵤣
ʮǿ߽˳
⣬ƺҲ֪ҪɱѰȱԸǡ

ûԥֱȡһöѪ񵤣С
ڼһɻϢ˳ź븹Уʱ䣬оһ𣬼Ϣʱʼ̴ͨ뵽һΡ
ſͷ˿оǿͬ嫡
Ҳһû뵽쾹Ȼʱ̷֮ǰõѪ񵤣ǿ˴Ρ漴һ̣Щǿ΢΢üѪ񵤴ﵽһ죬սȻǿ˺ܶ࣬ͬʱԶʮʵĴǿߣ֮ž޴Ĳ࣬ЩжǴŵ֮ɫ
ҩһأֻһˣֻһأʲô
ʯһǿ顣
ҲãҵȿԸĥ˲Ϣͱɱ
һǿ
ʮǿ߽Դɱ⣬һ
ʱϢǿ̫̫࣬оò㣬Ŷʮǿ߱һҲû⡣
ʱ˹ûʲô飬֡˼ҲˣȻҪöѪ񵤡
£漴һЦһֱ̧֣ӽöѪ񵤶˹ȥ
ӹѪ񵤣ö£ʱ䣬ɢϢͬ㱩ǣתۼﵽһ۷塣
˲վһâ֯âƣ޳ԵúͦΣͬɽ㡣
Ʀȵһߴȥ

@#Сӣ죬ǣڮү
ȴҲǻλƵĴͷ䵽󷽵İͷϡ
ﶢǰЩǡ
Ȼܸоڵˣ˵СģСǱ̬ҲҩһأҲɻԶһĴǿ
ǰͰâøǿʢˣѪ֮Ի˳
ʯһǿһΣֻҩǿϴΣֻǴһأûаƾĴʲô
ʮǿ˿˷С
ӭЩˣûа
ɱǡ

ƽƺڳһʵ㣬Ķʮǿ߸һеɱøŨ
Ķ
ʯǿ˲Ϣ˹
λѣСǸ⽻֯â꣬Ը
һǿߵһ֪ʵҪȡ屾Դ
䣡
һ˲䣬ʮɴѹͰ˶ǰĺڷǿҵ趯
ֻǣӭȿϢȴɲݡ
ͷȱ˭ɱĶࡣ



771 ħ
ĻνǷǳƣ˿ʯʮǿ߷У·ǽЩ˿һ㣬ʮǿ߽ŭɱⱩǡ
Ҳʱ򣬰ڣӦ죬³һ򵥵֣á
ʱ䣬ʮǿ߸ŭˣ˶ǰȫǿǣ
ֻϣ
һ˵ɱԾ
¡֮𶯣һ̣ʮȫˣͬʱɱȥ
ЦѪ񵤺ڵޱȳ棬Ϊʱ˴һ죬ֻоһ޴ķԾȻԶȲϼһϴθҵҲ㹻ǿˣڵʱϾƹԼ۹һöսʱѪ񵤺ԶԶȲʱǣʮǿߣȴҲǲо˿ѹ
䣡
һɫⱩǣһ̱ͬһɫ绮ٶȿ쵽Աʶתۼڳǰʯһǿǰ
ʯǿߴڴڶ죬ʱɫٺˣ㡭
ˣ
һֻɫȭͷѹ£һУѹС
ûʲô赲ɫȭͷ·̫۶ɣ֯Ŵݿ޵սһȭǽʯǿߺ飬ͬʱһƬڰüļ仮ǿ쵽£Ĵս£˲佫Է顣
һĻ˽Ǳɫ
⡭
̫ˣһ˲ѣʯһǿ߱Ǳɱ

һҽһ򴫳ƵһڶǿûΪ屾ԴףֱӽԷǺһ˻ҡ
ʱطѻȸ˶סˣȻ澳涼ɵ˫Ŀֻһ˲ϢѣͰһɱ˸ǿߡ
ˡ
ĲǰͰ岢ߴ󣬽޳һ̣˵ֶȴĲֻҩǿᵽһضѣȴ˲ɱϱǿߣǺεȾޣǺε޵У
ʯȼ壬ʮǿˣתۼѣʣ˶ʮˡ
ǡ
Ͱʮ˶ǲɵĲ£ʱ£ıܷӦ
ɫâ֯ŶʮˣɫƽдһĮӡ
źͷ֣֮ҴӲΪԼţǡŶʮǿߣĵȴǲ۲۵ķ
Ȼƽƽ飬˳Ӻͳʮǿ߸ŭݣмʵʻĻ棬ϸ͹
ΪǵС
ɱ
Ҫ
ʱУʯԼһһˣҲһ㣬ɱǿ¡޵ܹΣǾսҲǱŵĴڣĸǣǳǲ۲۵ķʹǽԱŭɱŨ㡣
䣡
ʮˣһȫȥǽ֯Ũܲ
ЦȻ޾壬û˿ĶֻǴӶȭɫȭâѹգһУƬռ俦죬ͬմһ㣬˲Ѻ۱鲼
ͬһʱ䣬һĮ𣬰֮ǰ𣡡
䣡
һִ״һǿûֱ˸
֮Եף
ƫͷȥɵôЦս̫ǿˡ
ɱɱһ󣿡
ЦЩ
һ⽣콣죬ֱӽӰһǿߵüĹᴩʶҲһС
ƽˣȻ󣬷㣡
ٴε
ವһŵصǚiһɫƵѪһǿǰȭֱӽԷ飬顣


һǿȻ
¡
վǳܲһ飬ռУѲ£һ׶һǿû

һҽддǿֱӱûûӳıԴ˸顣
ɨһۣڿһӰǿǰ׼۵һ֮ĵķѣɫ׺Ȼ׹䡣

ҽ̶˿˿֣Ӱڶǿ߱ɱ
˸һƾâǚiһֻӶ콣âֻӶɫȭնգ񷣬Ѫһǿߺ飬ѪˮȾա
ס֣Ҫɱ

ڰɫ۶ɣԷն˸顣
ЦһסһѪǿߣֱһ˹ȥ


飬Ѫһǿߵݺݲ££̲סһ
һˣ
ﬣ
ĿĽâ㣬۵һüĹᴩһƬڰɫ꽻֯УҲһĨɱĸɸɾ
䣡
ϢøǿʢԴ۳һͷɸߵޣһڽӰ˵һǿɣֱӽ֮С
˶ӣоâ˸һˡ
ﬣ
䣡
ϯգն񷣬أﻯ׵ĺ
սһ˲ԶԶ뿪ڳһƬսʱ˿̣Ǵˣһ׳Ŵͣɴ˫ۡ
꣡
ԼϡӣһСһ顣
ϵͬʯ˰㣬Ķǰ·һͬľܵİ㡣
һ̣弸ǿߣǣһ˵
ԭ弸̫ϳ֮ǰͰϾʯȿжʮǿѹҶѾ뵽ζϱǿߣսܷḻͰȴҩǿΣս֮ʮϱǿѷǾ˫սӦò޴һֱǽǰ;ʲôʣǺʱ
ȻľȴǴ󺧣Ͱͬ㣬ȫȫѹʯȶʮǿߣ˳ʮǿ֮䣬²ɵս໥˭նɱĵ˶࣬գۼն˶Էʮǿߣ
ʱȻֶɵ˿Һ̬
ӣ֪Լĸ綼ǿ󣬵ȴҲû뵽һ̾Ȼ׿
ﬣ
Х̶֮ɫȭ񷣬һǿնɱ
ˣ
Цǰڷڿ趯
ĸ֣˵ġ
оâƣֿͬȭǰһͷ޳ΪһģһǿɣҲһС
ɨһۣɱƱøǿᡣ
ûκһ仰Ǹǿ
һ̣ͬħַ·ɺֹ
㡭ǡ
ʯȻŵĴǿ־ŭ־壬ǶʮǿǶȴתۼ㱻ʮʱͰȫûн֣Ĵ⽫ǵ


772 ս
ʮǿһɱȴתۼ䱻նʮˣĻŵʮ˶ǲɵòһͰ˿־塣
ͨͨѹǣ
ʯһǿߴ
ҪǽԶ빥ɱ
һǿ߽е
ʮͬʱˣͰľ룬ͬʱչֳд
һʱ䣬˵ɱ֯Ƭռ䣬տķ顣
ɱ
ʮ˴֮ͨԺܷǷ
ɲǶѣƬձ˴ƬֲĻƺƵĳѹȥ
ǚiϣ˵һһʯ֧
ʯʥƷ˿ƷджֱƷŹһǿѹǶ¡
㡭
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ڿУǿըӭϣڼ䲻ݷ佫Էն顣
ߡ
˵
ʮǿߣûа⣬·ֻһݣ·ֻһ鶹Ʒʯֱ̣ӳʮǿѹȥ
һһһӡƵâ˺һǿߵĻӡݺڶԷϣ֮顣
¡
һԴѹ£ûֱС
նˣƫͷ򿿵һǿߡ
롭
䣡
ѹ˺ǿߵ
ɫĮƷӡѹ£ǿ߻飬ԱԴ׽ɱ
ͬһʱ䣬һߴҽУһǿ߱նɱڽ¡
תۣʮǿˣѪȫ𣬰ӰȫȫΨʯ廹ʣˣʣˣʣˣֻʣһˡ
ʮǿߣʮʱ䣬նʮˣʣˡ
һ̫׿ˣ
ۡ
ӣáס
һСһ룬ңûиоʹ
ǸӴˡ
ǡ𡣡
૵
ǿʵĵֶΣ˶Ȼ
Ȼо˻ţսǲûֹס
ʤĻҡ

֮ڶ⽣ʩչ콣â죬ϵ¡
ң
ѵõ³ô֣ƣ˰㡣
ۣ
ۣ
ͬһʱ䣬һǿߺһǿ߷ֱƷĵ飬ԸԵֶνԷҲһĨɱС
תۣʮǿɱʣˡ
ô֮Ըǣ
ʯһǿߺ
¡һȼտʼһֲʽʼŤΪǿʹռŤǵֵŤ
ˣ
һߣǿҲԶ֣չֳԼĵ
߹ɲͬĴ֯Ƭռϣ·һ˲仯˵ĺ㣬ֲʹʿǲɵһǿĵ
ǰڷתѹûʲôη壬ûа˼ɡ
䣡
̶쳹ʮ
Զĵطһ׺Ƭ֯䡣
һ˲䣬ӿµӿ֣һƺƵɢ
ǣ
ȳһʣµĹǿߣʯǿߺǿ߸ɫͫ׶ǲɵþ˸ͬһ㡣
һ룺ǡ壿
壡һ壡
ǲսģꡭǣǡ
壿
̫ϳϸ󺧡
ЩϱǿߣȻʶĿ˰ϡ
䣡
𶯣Դ߶ɢƵǿһУѹǰĵ֮һǿ֡
ס
ۣ
ǿը飬飬ֱ֮С
ɫᣬһִϣնǿߺûͣ٣ֱѹԱߵĹǿߡѾںﱩ¶ˣᱻ¶ʴˣȻǲںʲôѹ£ǿֺ󣬸ɾĽ֮նɱ
ƫͷȥ¶һĨЦ
ˣ
ԷɿٶȽӡֻͼʼһֱɢâ
ͼһٴΪ֮ľǵĸоͼɢȰҪǿ
ǰڷӿʱⱩ¶壬ΪѾ¶ˣǲҪʲôɵ˺ǿ⣬û˿Կֻͼ
䣡
ֻͼâʢͬһƬʯǿͬʱУͼһֱ˷飬ͬҲһС
ֻͼ޵У
Сӣʲôоͨôôǿᡣ
ʵǺܲ⡣
һ̫ˣڶڲꡣ
С
ֱֱĶͼ̫ǿˣ̫޵ˣ
ǰս֮ϣѹĶʮǿֻʣˣʯһǿߣһǿߣһǿߡ
ס
Ĵǿ߾㤡
ȥͷͼʣǿ˾㤡
˵һǿ߶ͷ亹ֱһ̣ǴһԶߣͬһʱ䣬ĴǿһģһĶ
ӡˣ
˷
ͰƫͷһĨɱ⡣
˵һͷֻͼ裬ͬԽʱյľ룬˲Ϣߵǿֱ֣ѹһƬѪһٵ
ͬһʱ䣬УһӰվ𣬸ճǰնһ
ۣ
Զߵǿը
ʮʮƽ
ƫͷսС
һ£Ҳ˹ȥ
ʱ򣬳ֻʣʯһǿߣ˿ӭ˵񣬲ɵúݺһжʱǿ־塣
šŹңңһŹǣ
ʯǿ߲Ȼڴ죬ʱҲǾ֡
ƫͷȥ˸žâ߶ֻͼֱѹϣҵģ
䣡
â
һƵ£һƬգҵģ
ͬʱˣԴ߶򣬳ʯǿѹ¡
漴ͬһʱѹʯǿǰ
ͷ
ֻͼâʢʮ֡
ҵģ
ô֣á
˹ɱǰɱʯǿߵȨ󣬾ǸԳŶԷ֣ɫâɫ׹һ翪ѣ쫷ϯķ
ͣɵýſڣȴ²һ
ֱ˫ۣϵҲһı飬ǵҰУһսͰԻɱʮǿߣ񣬳лʣһˣǣΪ˾ʤ˭ɱĵ˶࣬໥ս
սӣ
ֹ


773 ߹
ͰʱĶ˶Բ˫ۣһǾΣˣȻΪնɱһ˶Լս
䣡
ﬣ
Ͻ֯ƬС
ӶɫȭۿҪʯǿߣȴǱһ߿漴鲼׵Ĵ֣չκͨʯǿ˹ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬һȭ𿪰Ĵ֣콣âʯǿߡ
䣡
һյ£˲佫콣â飬漴׹£ʯĴǿ߸¡
ˣ
ֻͼâ˸ɶ˷Ŀռȫպϣͬһĥ̰ѹʯǿߡ
һ׹⣬һֻͼ漴׼ҴһƳʯǿȥ
һͬѹ£Ĵ£漴һʯǿߡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
໥˵һʯǿߣͨײҲ֪ȷŶԵʮǿʱǿ˶٣һĿѣ涼̮ˡ
⡭ǡ
Щ㶵ġ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ܽ֯Ͱᣬսĳ̶Խӵľ
ͷÿ

Ӷ콣âնƲ񷣬ѹʯǿߡ
ҵģ
ɫĮô֣ԱԴ׺俪콣âֱʯǿѹ£ʮռ䡣
ֻͼض漴ʶ󣬿Խռ䳯ʯǿɱȥ
ǽʶ𣬽ʶ£һʯǿߡ

˭Ҳ˭ֱĲ񷲻ͣĻζϢɢš
ʯǿ˵Уһɹ쫷ȺʮǱ⡱Ǳ조⡱һδǰ־壬˺˫оܼѪ˿Ӱ
ҲŶߣͰսУӲȥÿһζǿܽضӶ֮·ûѵĿܡķǴֻͼ£ǿĵʧȥãκβˡ
ܹˣ
ʯǿ˻˫۳죬鲼Ѫ˿һɿ񱩵Ļ˲˳
ʱ˽Ǳɫ⣡
ۣսӣȻƵĴǿ߿ʼԻˡ

ʯǿ˻Ͱ£ͣһһΣһһΣǵȲͣĸоȻǴǿߣľǿɴ˿Ҳܲˣֱһĥһֱֿ̣ѡԱ
Ƭռ𶯣תۼǿĻϢ֯ʯǿߵʱͬǴΡ
춯ݣҲǶݣֻһ۾Ϳʯǿʲô
лһƾâǚiһֱӿ˹ȥֻͼƺƵѹ¡
һǲҲǰ˹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ʯǿϡ
ۣ
ѪըʯǿߵԻٱϣֱӱɱı飬ͬҲһС
ĶǰһĻ֮󣬾ǲԼͬһ
ڴˡ
ֹͰΪʯǿߵȻɱȨսЩίʵЩΡ
սУֻͼâ貣׹ơ
Ǻ뱻һٵӮˡ
ŰЦ
һû˵ʲôȽȷʵԣվֻͼһأʯǿдǺ궼ֻͼ֮»ֻǻһС룬㣬ȷʵʤˡ
˿ӭȥ
ҲӭȥЩ𺳣ڰΪ壬ͼǿᣬ˵޵սȻ澳Ҳ⣬˵λСѣǵԼѾˣ˰
ǰѪֵ۷壬ɲϡ

˵˼仰漴ĵصף¡ʱѪ񵤵ЧŻ֧ŰʱڳĵϣŵӶ£ʱ俴ʮ貵ĴΪʮ
˿̣Ѫ񵤴ڴһ죬طƿʮĽƣʮѹΪʮС֮ն棬ʮСӵصץ˳һӡ漴֮뵽ʯڡ
ʮԣѾ㲻ʲô٣Ѿ𲻵ʲôãطȴôС罫֮뵽𻯵֮»Ƿ֮£ضܹŸӴˣδĳɾͽǳˡ
ѹˣ⡭
ʮǿ߾ȣǲƳ֣֪ʩչʲôֶΣ˿̼һĻ󣬶Щ𺳡ԴĴΪʮѹ̶ȣǿ˿̼ȻΪֶ𾪡
ë°

ڣѪˮʣʬһ߾ߵڵϣȥĿġ
ת΢΢ʱ׼뿪ˡ
վһսΪβȥͰСѵѪҩܿҪˣʱ򶯵ãȥ壬氲ȫܶࡣ
лǰ⣬û⣬ǻлڣԻǡҡͷ֮ᾡȫѰӢ۵䣬һὫӢѰ
ǿ˼䣬ջ֣Ͱڿ뿪
תۼ䣬һӰʧԶվͷ
콾콾
н֯žâ
ϲĵͷ뿪ӰӢǺӽȻɳ£ҲȲǣˣʵڣʵǡͰʱǿǲɵ˸
̫ǿˣ
Ǿ޵֮ˣ
ˣҲ壬ǲѰӢۣ
˵
ԣ壬Ӣۣ
ϵͷ
£濪ڣʼĳ壬ڵƬɽȥ

뿪壬Ѿг˺Զ
һСʱ䣬Ѫ񵤵ҩЧҪȥˣڴ֮ǰЩ¡

ȺȽܼһϣʶӡչһ̻Ͱսʯ͹ȶʮǿ߲Էһһնɱĳ
ͬһʱ䣬󣬴ȥԶӰ壬Ѫ壬壬壬壬壬ʯ壬ǣУ̫ˣ߹
ʱʿȫסˡ
չʶ̻ĴĻһʱ䣬ЩʿǺȻ²һ
һĻлһ΢⣬뿪
СӣǵĻǣ壬Դ˸£Ĵǿ߶ǱͰСɱһǰȥû˿ϵ
Ʋ


774 Ϣ
Ļ첻ÿɷ񣬵ʵϣȷʵôġ
Ƭ˶֪Ǵͨɾ磬ʯ͹ʮǿһȥɱȴȫܻǿְ߳ɱǰĴǿǣϾǺһǰĳ塣һԣȻзգʶӻ
Ͱ뿪طκһֱͦͦȥ
һ̣ɫ˲úܲ԰ףҵʹϮ·һ㣬оԼѪڱһиָоȵʱҪʹٱȻǿҲǲɵ÷һʹƺߣʹιȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǵȥһָҲˡ
ôˣ
һ
ſڣ촽۵ҩЧˡ
Ѫ񵤿ԶΪսҲСʱѪ񵤵ҩЧȥҲ֮ʹͰһ˲ʧȥжһÿһ缡ھʹȫǿǿ־֧ûлʹȥ
ΪǡѰεġط
ѵ
ʱ򣬲˵ۣʹ
æͷŴǣѰεء
ǣүɣҡͷһצӵүһһץžˣûбҪǡ
Ѿܲˣǵģ

ʲô岻оŻôԵۣΪˡ

ٷϻزأ
أүҲҪǴȥˣүԺô죿
ҡͷ
ʱŭ̫ӿݺݵ˵Ҫǲأѹ¯һ꣡޹Ͽڵʱ콫¯͸
λˣ̫ɲ棺СѾͷ@#
֣治ȥһ̫Ĳ鲻ԸķŴϯͰԼļϣ˵ˣһΣһΣ
憪£
бһۣڿն䵽ļϣСĵĻͰ
@#
ʹʱ˵ˣȴΪһĻգ׼ҹϲѹ˰ڲ룬вˣɹˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ɫһչʱʮԶ
ú󣬰Ѱһεĵط󣬽Ͱƽ룬ȻСĵԱߡ
ͰʹˣʱԱۣȴָ
Լöţ
ʵ
СſͷƲ졣
Ŷû˵ʲôˣСĽһԡ

ʱ򣬵νը˹ΪҲΪǵӻĲʵ̫ˣа̫Ķˡ
壬һ壬ôˣ
ûзĴ¼ˣ
ʯ壬壬壬壬Ӱ壬壬Ѫ壬ʮǿǶȥɱǸˣȻȻȫɱˣ
ǲͨɾôǵս
⡭
ڶʿ𺳡
УӰǸ˵ҰУôҫۣϱǿĲ
һ壡
˵е壡
ûмˣûŹƬ򣬾Ȼһֲ꣬⡭
壬Ǻ˵ѣ

˶סˡ
Ǿ޴ģҲǾ޵ģ޵綼ˡ
壬ǿܳʣ
ƬнΪ֮ʯ壬壬壬壬Ӱ壬壬Ѫ⼸ŭ㣬һΣǼʧǿߣǱǰŰɱʶӻ촫ǡ߹Ļ⼸ĴԸоջʹ⵱Ƕ棡õδܳһʱڣǼ嶼˵Ц
ɱһҪɱɱǣɱǣ
ڣԵĴǼͬŭ
񣬼岻ŭҶо˴ѹ쾪סˣͬʱҲΪĳֶ֮ǰĳԹѾܻˣɳǶԸԶһѡ
ʶӻȥ嶼ܿͰսѰĹϵֶ˸ˣһɣ̧־ͿɽǼһֲֿһǱڵľ޴Σ嶼ˡ
Ϊ£죬̫Σˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ȷ粨ȻҲǴ뵽ĶУһһڴǸ΢þû˵
СǵܵǼĵǣʱʶ̻
ϵ
жжӢѣĸ
峤˵
жսһΣҲĪĸԵ
̾
ʱһһﶼǺܸж

νһ޴粨屻ʯȶʮǿ߱նһһжʿ𺳣þƽ
Уʱĺܿ죬ת۱չȥ
һ죬ͰڴѪ񵤵ĸлתͨķֺķʱʱľָ֮ǰ۷״̬
վâƣͷž졣
ˣͺܼ˯㲻


ۣСӣʲô̬ȣүΪһ
һôǶѣ˶ίƵġ
ܴίǹϵϵ£

죺
飬СԺûĸϲ㡣
ﹾ
屻ǸСӵĳǱˣֹȥʱ䣬Ѿָ˹
Ű˫۵ɵĸԲˣû˵һ
죬
ͬʱã⻰Щ뺷
ʱ򣬰Ͱ´˷ʵڸоôûʲô˰ɣ
ҡͷ
ûˡҲҡͷ˵뿪пһǷѾҵӢۣûУһѰһ
ͷһܿ뿪ط
ƬǴ֮ǰķ粨찵й۲£һЩʿڼű֪ӢۻǲҵҲǰѰ
ˣһۣչȥ
ռ䣬һ߹طȴʼѰӢ۵ټ
һ죬һϢͻأһɽгûĹâûоҵ𶯣ȴĲƮŵƲ㶼Ϊ֮ͣһ˲䡣
ǡС帽ҽµƬСĹȺķ򣡡
ɫ


775 ӡ
Ϣ𣬴һַǳرĲ춯ݡⲻΪϢǳ⣬ΪϢķ򣬺ȻΪǸСĴǺ޽ƬСصλãǵúȷȷʵʵǸ
ʲô
ɫ΢䡣
ʱоϢ̫Źˣͬʶڵ񽣶һ¡
ͰҲǱɫȻϢķλá

üΪϢ
Ȼ۵ֶΪ֮ݣǾɫ
ߣ
³ôһ֣ɫڣһ⳯ɽλóȥ
Ͱͷһ
ߵķ죬ſͷ˵ٶȺܿ죬ûãɽһҰУǵϢŨˣɽвϴ
н֯âͰһתۼɽ˳ǵϢһ·һƬտСĹȺ⡣
ǣ
һ˲䣬ͬʱֹһ
ƽɽһСĹʣһõСŮվһȺСĹǰһҲմȾǹϢСŮԴԴϵĴСŮűһСأĹƿˣտҲʲôҲûС
СǰĹõţҲմȾɳ֡С
СС
Ͱɫ΢һ£СŮıӰʵ̫Ϥˡ
ݣȻҲϵСŮ
СǣѾ
ԶʱۣСŮѾ˲Ŷԡ
ǰСŮƺϤתʱСŮɰǱѾˣͷɢţؿڹһ龧ӨۣͫȴһƬѪ죬ͷϣüĴһӡôۡ
һСŮ۵СԵЩľĿͰϣСС岻ͣĲţѪỺ£Ư㡭硭СŮʱģЩŹ֣ȴȻϵͰʵ
һֻоؿڱʲô¡
СŮãͫѪ죬ѪᣬǵȻ̫ʹˣСŮʱҪܡ
СС
һ¾־ϲֱӳСŮȥ
̧֣һѽס
磡ʲôſң
Ｑ
üⲻСŮȻ֪СŮСֻǣСŮڵ̫ŹˣѾȥȴӷĹվңѪɫͫЩˣüĴӡǸ
˵ʲôССſңſ
ʱһ˹ȥ
ˣüͷĸվ֣˿
ʱͬһ˹ȥתۼСŮߣСС֪СѾȥʱޱģ¼СվǰЩŹ֣ϲʧõĸж
С
һԣҲС
СŮӺܵãͰߣµѪˣѾõĺӼñ˰ģᡣĿϣ磬үүүүˣҡˡ
ֻоͷһʹ˵һ
СŮƫͷһƬСأӷвͣѪ¡ļ䣬УǵүүɱĳǵԼʹ˱ץߵĳǵԼ׳˺ҧĳǵĳ
ҡˡСѹֻ͡ʣСһˡ
СŮ
СŮѪ˵Ļ˸ʹȻǿˣҲһֽҪĸо
ӣὫСŮ§ڻС£ߡ
СŮСӲڰﻳдޣ
СŮĿսȭͷ뽫Ⱥɱһ顣
ʱһߵİҲ΢΢˸ȻҲܴ
Ҳ֪˶ã§СŮοʹСŮֹס˿
ǣԺСǣúչġ

ǳοУѾʶɨӹСŮСŮڵģȻЩŹ֣ȴĵȷȷϢȻ΢ȷʵˣţСŮǻ˹һŵˡ
һޱȾϲ£һ漣ʱûȥΪʲôѾȥС¾߱ϢûȥСŮΪλôһŹģûȥСŮΪʲôɢǵϢ
СССССӡſͷϣһֱСüĴӡǣʱƺڿʲôʱɴ˫ۣûͷˤȥһֻצָСüĴӡǣצӶЩ΢΢ǶǶǸǸǡ
˳ָȥȻע⵽СŮͷϵӡǡӡ̫ˣСŮɢǵϢǴӡת΢ʲô֪
צӶ£ҲǶţ˫۵ɵĹԲǸǣǡ
һѽͷץ¸ʲôӡǵʲô
@#ĲУֿڣүô@%#үһ㴭Ϣʱв@%
ɿš
ͬһʱ䣬ͰҲ
һʮѾ̲סҪʱǿڣСüĴӡǵүǰһ羳ϼһĹ￴йӡǵļأǡһһ٣ӡ
ӡ
ü
ͰҲ¶ɫȻ֪νӡʲô
̵ֲ࣬Ľ棬мСļʻӡǣӡСüĴӡǣ̲סݺ˿ҺүĹ￴ĹӡļأȶʷϽֹֻΣΪʵ̫ѳˣ
Ҫ֪һһǾٻȻܹ漣ܹ۳ӡļʣȴҲ֮һֻСֱۣ˰㣺СŮл˹ȻȻ۳ȹӡ⣬ֱ
ӡʱûȥСŮΪʲôѾ¾߱Ϣ˶ٺʵӡʲôرĵطûʲôõӰ죿
õӰ죿Ļ۾ɵĸֱˣͬһͭ㣺@#үһ¶ˮⶫһЩ羳ϲƴķҪ۳ȻûʲôõӰ죡


776 ۻ
ĻʱһͰҲһȶ羳ǿƴķն۳
ӡγɵıӡⶫɵһֵô̫ˣ˵ţ˫۷ֱĸ̫һһӡıǴʮԪʮ갡
붯ݣ㡭˼ǣ
ԣͷһֲٴοڣСŮպκУʳκζ򵥵Ҳʮأ
˶סˣʮꣿǿǻ羳ǿߵԪ
Զֹһ㣡ֻǻѣӡĺôи࣬󣡼򵥵˵ⶫǿ챦Ҫϡӡ

˶񣬾֮ǰĻѾµӡ򵥣ȴҲû뵽ô죬̫ˣһӡʮԪ
⣬ȴֻȱӡĺôѣ
ʱȻǰȵ˶¶˾ݣס˸š
˵ĿСŮϣСŮֱͯ
СŮֹͣ˿ȴǺѹһͫ˵Ѫ죬ͷϵӡҲǷǳԣץŰһ䡣
ʵʶɨˣСһѾȷʵϢɣģô£
ӡɣǸմﳬѳǾ߱һ棬ȹЩʱ򣬴׳һЩڵγƽ⣬ͫױǻָͷϵӡҲ䵽ȥ˿

Ļʱ
СŮŰżƫͷĹȺ΢΢鴤ţƫͷԴڰﻳĬĬᡣСŮ˷ףȴվһСӣΨһ˺ϤСǴǶѾڣԴпٻ⣬ҲҪ˵һСӣȻǳˣҲӦûһ
λġ

Сʱʼ˼⡣ۿСŮǰϢȫϾСŮȴ漣Ļ˹
طӿСŮ󣬾һֱڴСŮŸ־Ⱥ͸ɻʱĿСŮؿڵı񣬶ʱ䶯ݣо˺ͰһϢ̫¶⣬죬Сӣһطûʲôرġ
رģֻһͨɽѡ
ü
ϻʲô²Ҫֻƾۺ͸оү㿴Ϳ£
ۡ
ǲ˵ʲôתһƵԽŵӶ£ͬʱɢȥ̽Ѱɽˣһξʮʮ䣬̽ķûзʲô⣺ֻһƽġȵȣͻȻɫ΢䣬תĸ죬ŵ׵ƺԾŸĵص׿ռӣһ·쵽ʮ֮£һĿĹξ
ŹþСС·춯ݣƿ·κ֮ȡεıΪһʯ飬ԼֱңһƬףɢ̫ͬĹâ֯ŨƬռ¶ͻأʮȡ
̫ԭʯ
˽Ծ
ⷽʯ飬Ϊ̫ԭʯҲСֵ
⡭
ľû뵽طʮ֮£Ȼһ̫ԭʯ
ͰҲ죬СѰһ̫ԭʯС帽ɽȴǻһ̫ԭʯ
⡭
˶ȡ
ʱͷˣצӣָСŮؿڴǿ챦񣬵үǵ鱦ǰ׼Ůͳģǰ׼Ůʮصıʮʱ䣬Ѿ˰׼Ů޵̫ԴϢⱦСŮϣص·̫ԭʯӦһΪһΪ໥ںݻӶСŮĻᡣ
붯ݣжоâ
̫̫ȷʵݻ

Ϊ֮ĸ߽ݻȻѣȴȫܹõ
Ⱦ־ϲʱޱҵⱦ͸С⣡
ʼնСŮ֮ɫѾʧʱɻ󣺡ʵ̫Źˣ̫ѰˣΪ̫Ϣ̫ԭʯĽһ㣬ү⣬ǣôܹ۳ӡȶ
Ҫ֪һЩ羳ϼһ¸ܲã۳ӡоųϵ˸Լ𣬿ɡôһͨСŮ֮ǰδйȴȻĹӡ˵ȫûпܲŶԣʵǰٷ֮һΪŶԣ⡭⣬޷⡣
ΪСźܾ˵츳Ǳܣ
ǣ츳Ǳֶȫû˿ϵҲ̫ԴϢ̫ԭʯûйϵҡͷޱȿ϶ĵһŹؼãɡʲôطƺҲû˰
ʱԵú棬˼ǿʶɨܣȴҲûеĹؼôҲ벻ףһĸɺ̫Źˣ̫ûˣô£һͨСŮ޾Ȼ۳ӡҪЩʧܵĻ羳ǿ֪һĴӹײģ
ﲻ§С
û˵ʲôվһߡ
ΨʱݣЩʲô
ѵǡ
е
Ϊ˾СһЩֻرԴСŮνѵɸСŮֻرԴ
ЩʵСӣ뵽ʲô
ûС
ҡͷ
ɵĿһۣҲûж˵ʲôֿʼܰôأ⡭ҪЩʧܵĻ羳ǿԿ
һ߰οСǳ
ˣϽ뿪Ҹεĵط·ӡСŮ޲ͻȻ뵽ʲôӡɣϢ޷ڸǣһɢȥƬ֪ӡǿߴڣһ᲻ϧ۵ĳᣡ
˶ݣԵͷ
ˣ
ʱͻȻһźâԱλõո֣һ˫ӣ·ǿֱֱסСüĴӡ
һһо
⡭ǡۻѹ

һ羳ǿ߱Ƶ
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬Ϸλõձ飬һߴӰ粽ÿһ£񷶼Ϊ֮һӰǽ֯ʶǿ⣬ǿʶҲԿֻһ˫ܹüûав
֮ķλͬһӰͬǱʵĹâţ֮žۻѹǵض£ͬԶѲһ㡣


777 ѪȾ
һͬʱɫ̲סһʱϢѹ˫ӶɢǿĻۻѹǲĲ
ۻʣô
㤡
ѹ֣˫Ӻգתۼǿ絽طɲǼѣ˷ֱӱˣһȻӶݶУȫû·
˫ӽˣͬʱסСüĴӡжо˵ⱬ
ˣ
һ̣ͬһʱ䣬ͬʱˣ̧֣Сץ˹ȥ
ȻҪȡӡ
˱ɫֻѹҪЩʲôȴ۲ֳֻֻѹ¡
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ǿ߸Ծһ̧ץСͬʱҲ໥ⷨӿһΪǵ棬طһɹ쫷磬ϯľر飬ΪСĴǽСظתۼ䱻ȫݻ٣Ĺ飬ǵĿݹǱƳҲһڽڵıɻҡ
үү
ССĹȺķޣ׳ߺСǶѾֻʣһˣȴĹըˡ
ҲǷŭʱȴʲôҲˣֻֻѹ£ʱָ첻ˡ
ɵۻѹһУС



Ťֻ໥ڳѹ˹
СĹȺķޣҲ֪ǷΪܼüĴӡâʰԲɢȥʱѹֻ𿪡ͬһʱ䣬˸оԼԶˣܱĿռҲָԭ״
һͬʱһݡ
ӡ
羳ǿѹµĴ֣鲼򣬾Сһ޸ˡ
ߣ

ܵĿռѾָһﻹֱͣӴСٶߡ
ϣ˫飬ǻһĹ⣬һ貾â
תۼ䣬ɵ£߳ȥɵٴη
䣡
ֻٴѹ˹ǳС£ͬʱҲһУһһɾҵʹ
һΣӡĹâЧֻһУûʲôԵֵס
ѽ
ۼ׶

󼱣ͨʶе񽣡
ʲôϣʱһܽ񽣻ȴֻôֻлǱ񽣣ǿһ¡һ̣־ϲǣƺҲӦΣȻĶˣһ⻮
һֻоһĴӿϣֿصĸо
ûԥֱӳ֣һȭŲѹµֻȥ
䣡
һ貵߲ʹâ˺ѳգޱȵϢӡĹâ㽫ۻǿѹµֻ𿪣һδܵĿռ
𾪣죬ʱȻһȭҷǿѹµĴ֣
ʱ⣡
ľ
ڵڶĽʱչֹ߲⣬ǿ˼㣬ǼˣͬǸʱһ㣬һǿ
Сӣڹг񱦣ҲǼʶչ߲ʹâƣҲ˶Ϊ䡣ʱ˫۷һ˿ϣһ˿ϣȴһ̱˲ϢʧˣɥУסһ챦ɡҲסĻ羳ǿ߰
ϣѹ˵ٴ貾âҲͬʱסˡ
ûһ仰໥ֻٴѹ£ǳСץȥڳץȥȻӳ߲ʹâӡ˵ע⡣
Ӷ߲⣬񷣬һУ˵Ĵѹ䣬Ȼʱ򣬽ȴͬԣסֻ֣Ѫ
죡
ｹ
¡һҡֻһУƺƵѹ䣬ա
ˣˣ
ˡ
ۻʾ̫ˣֻѹ䣬໥ᣬ˿ռ䣬ӡ֮֮ⶼûʲôãˡ˵ףվ̫Сһͨӣо֣ȴҲܹͻǿ档
ռ飬ʱն𶯣һжˣ߶߲⿹⣬ȴһҲûУ㣬һ־С
ˣ
ϣӰǱ֣ݣֻ˫ӿԿüֻǿƥĵۻѹ֯ܡ
ֻ֣ת۳һϿգɴӿץС
˫ӣĹ財
ͬһʱ䣬һ򣬷ĺڰɭУһ˫ӻȻǳ֯³һƹ˲˺һУϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
պѿһ޴ķ϶ѹֻͬʱը
ѷǧɳռ֯һʮһСŮпŽȹ˳ĺڷȻ䵽䣬߹ľ飬ڲ񷶥ˣĮ羳ǿߣǣ𣡡
䣡
һƥ쫷磬羳ǿ䵹ˣĹȫɢˡʱȥλõͷ۹ڣϷλõ֯âλõһۣǽ֯ͬɽǺӰĴơ
羳ǿ붢Ŵѷ߳СŮнеâӿ
ͰɫֱֱŲϵСŮ־ϲ
Сϣ
ܼںڰɭʶŮֽˡ
ۼ׵㵱ʯʣ
񷶥ˣСŮڷ裬ɨСüĴӡ漴ƿĿ⣬ϣСϣһЦſ
ʣϾ飡
羳ǿУͷ۹ڵǿ߿ڣ絶
һ𺳣СϣǡĻʣ
ϣϾ죬ЦԵЩȫطˡ
ʣ
ȻܿϾڿ죬ЦԺܲһ㣬ʹһǴ󾪣ȻϾʶģҹϵܺá
ˣСӣղţǽʡСϣ
ͻȻۡ
ϾСţԽЦ죬ʼû˵ʲô
Ѫκƫͷ羳ۻʡ
κ˺ˣҪۣ
ۻʣϾϵЦʧˣ±һʥϡ
䣡
ϯأֹסҡƬΪ֮ζ
˵ʲôҲӡ
Ϸλã⽻֯âĻǿ
ϾĿ䣬һһ߰ĹڷƮ裬һâ·˿ռľ룬תۼǿǰ
ǿ߶ݣٳ֣һĻǰ

촫ķĻ˲䱻
㡭
ۣ
Ʋ£ǿ顣
һʱ䣬ѪȾա


778 ϵ
ѪˮĿϣ켸˽Աɫ
һ羳ĵۻǿߣȻתۼ㱻˺飡
áǿ
𺳡
ͲµϾǿ󣬿ȴҲû뵽ôǿֻһɳȻ㽫ǻ֯âĻǿ߸ˡ
䣡
â˿ռ䣬Ļ羳ǿ۳ǻ档
ʣ
ǿϢû½
λͷ۹ڵĻǿߺλ۵Ļǿ߽û˵ʲôɫĮӡȻǵжԹϵ
ʱٴ𣺡Ҳзݡ
Ͼʱâۻʣס۹ǿߺǵǿߣͬâն˹ȥ˺鳤գ̼ǰ
ǿͬʱ֣ǧȴûܵס⣬飬ˣͬʱը
䣡
Ѫӿ֯˲ϢĶϾ飬顣
̫նȷʵ
۹ǿ
ܣâƣǿ߿ڣһں˶Ĥʹ
Ϣ£תȴΪϾǿ𾪣̫ˣȺ羳ĵۻǿնڲϡ
̫նʲô

Ĺã֪ණ˿Һʵĳնһˣųն
ʱһһ
ϣ۵ۻʶϾ飬ɭ䣺Ͼ飬ͬʱҵΪУ
ۻͬʱסϾ飬еâ֯ϢǿϢ֮£ƬһƬضüžˡ
ۻ
ɫ΢䣬ʱ䵣ϾǺǿ󣬿ɲϵ˭ߣ羳ǿߣ֮ͬʱ֣ϾܹʤĹ
ˣʲô
Ҫ֪Ͼ˿ŵۻʲôˡ
ۻʣκҡҡͷ֪ûӡ󡣡
㲻֪
ü
㵱үȫ֪ȫʲô֪

񷶥ˣϾڷ£ƺΪλõĵ۵ۻʣԴˣۣǿŮԪ޵繲֮ܿ羳ַԼʥشС
Դɭ䣬⽻֯һɺС
˶ɫһ䣬ǿŮԪֱ̫ˣ
Ͼƫͷ۹ǿߣԴʣԪҪɿʱɱ飬龫ԼԪӹɽٺʧǰ򡣡
Ͼƽ֯âĻǿߣħΪһʯؾΣΪһǿӣ޾ºڽ֮еǿ߶Եʱһ޳ɴħףۣ֮ɾ͵ۻʾ
˶ݣˣûһǺö
ۻǿ纮磬ĶϾ飺֪ĵǲ٣
֪Ĳ࣬γƻʡ
Ͼ
˵ø䣬еâ֯ںڶ
ǵ룬ۻսˣ
Դ
˶Ͼ飬ɱ⽻֯һ̷·ֱһͬսߡ
ۻսϾˣˣطѹӻԪţǹӲдͬʬţӡϢȫᣬƾǣҲۻս֣
ԣ˶һ
ϻԭԪҪݽˣ
ۡ
ϣԴ˵Ӹ䣬ɺ⽻֯ʮ
ǲҶ֣ҪۡϾٴαӿͬһ񽣰㣺ȫ
ﬣ
ӿƬغƱãϵƲȫɢˡ
񣡡
ԴʺʮһʮԵƥֵâ֯ϣƺƵĳǰѹȥϾ顣
һִƣһ˲䣬ضʧȥɫʡ
Ͼ̧֣ϣն𶯣˲ϢնʮƥԴʡ
ɱˣΪ˭
һ
ħͫ׷·湹ɣһƬϣ׻֣˿ռ䣬Ť˴
նƽĵ
Դǰ
һʱ䣬ۻͬʱ֣ǿĹƽ֯Ƭط·Ҫ˰㣬л⽻֯˳ˡ
˲ûܵһȴվЩվˣۻͬʱ·Ҫ˰㡣
¡
Ƭգʮڣɱ⣬Ǵݻÿһƶնһ۷ǿߣΪ֮
Ͼڲϣڷ裬ۻʵĿֲֻһָƽѹ¡
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
̫նͬδ֪˲ϢһУͨ
ԴѪֱӱѹ²񷡣
Ͼ鸩ˣĿ⵭Įַת䣬·ѹն⻯һɱǧš
ۻʸɫһ̽һĲĸо
޾Ϊپ
ħ
ʣ
Դʺȵ
ͬһʱ䣬ԴչͨħԴһӭն⡣
̼䣬ɱ𶯣֮ͨûʮ
Ͼ鸩·Į
˵һµն貣͵ۻʵͨ
˲̮ˣۻٴοѪصס
һסˣĲ
á
ӡ
ϣָ̧ۻʵͨ˵صףǺεǿ󣿣
䣡
طڣ飬ͬâ
Դʵ˿ȻЩǱӱøˡ
ɱ
Դʺȵչ⣬Ƭˡ
ǧ٣ѣ価
ò˵Դʴ˿չֳǿ󣬹ھ£еӴ䣬Ƭضѹ·Ĺâӿ·Ҫٵذ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ħԴҲ֣չϾѹȥȼʲôνĹ͹ƽȴʣ˲Ψһ
䣡
˵ɱâ֯ƺƵ顣
ԴˣϾ鶯򵥣ֻ̧֣һֲָն¡
ۣ
Ѫ˻ȫԴʵĵ֣ͷ­б˳ȥ
ۻʴͷ­ɻأҪ顣
ȻϾȻᣬһӣʱ䣬ն˷ӿ£ֱͷ­նķ飬ͬʱҲĥһѪ
ңһߣܼնʱ䳤ѹħԴᴩ

Դ˸۳ͷڷȫ
ħԴǿ޸壬񾡽ԱøɭɱŨ
ǣС
Ͼƽ


779 ޵Ļ
ǣСĸַǳƽûдʢ˵ȴΪ֮ľ

˫۷Ź⡣
ͬΪŮӣϾȻǳݵĺܡ
𾪣̫ǿˣԶеǿ
ųʷ޵Ļʣնһ㣡
˿Һ
Ӵڶۣ࣬壬ˣ޵ʷϣȻֻһʣۻУϾţȺ
˵ɫǲôÿˣǱøΪ羳ĵۻǿߣϾһͬʱˣȴȻԡСݡ
̫ˣԴ˺֪ҵ˽δչ۷ս
˶ѹ˼Ѫӻ˥䣬ԴĸӳãҲˣ޷չֳ۷弶ս
ôϾˣȻȫʩΪΣһС
ĻƽһĮӡ
˻ɫһǸ߸ϵ䡣
̫Դˣ
ʵ
Ͼڲϸˣǿһԡ
һƽнһĨĹ⣬Ũҵɱ⡣
̼䣬ĻĲʼ֯ͬκ˰ϯʮ
羳ǿϾ飬ϢʼһƵתۼѣ˵ѪͬӰڣͬɽҪ˰㡣
ܿ죬˵Ϣࡣ
⣬ȴûн
ѽ⡭Ȼڳ
¡
ҲǱɫһ̽Ĳ˵·ֹ㣬ڲϵĳŸߺ͸ߴʵǣ˾֡
䣡
Ƭռ綼ΪϢʼζһ˲ѣƬڣսս˿־У·ĩҪ˰㡣
ʱţתۼ䣬ʮȥ
ϯʮĴزϱ顣
貣â貣Ϣǿʢ㣬ѪʢͬһƬǿա
ǿʼǿʮ⡭

˵ɫһٱ䣬һ̣Ϣ˵
羳ǿϾ飬Ѫͬյĳӣܱ֮߳һɹɿϯȥϾ鱳䵽ĺڷĲͣİڶ
ħĿڣһ̾һµˣô
Ͼ鸩·һ仰ҲûУֻ̧֡
וּһһɳ쵽£˲Ϣ
սָ۷壬ٻǡ
ۣ
նٶȿˣͻħķĻֱͷ­ն
һٴαɫ
Ӳûɳۼһεݺ˿Һ
ͰﶢϿգҲһҲ˵
̫ǿˣűȷǿʮħһն˶Էͷ­
ܣ
ħ겻۳
˫ǻâϾ鵭Į󣬲ɵһŭֱƵħɱϾ顣
ϣ
һɱ
ԴʺԴȻϾʵʱûԥħ֮һǰɱ˹ȥһʱ䣬ǿߴͬķΧϾ顣
䣡
񱩵ķ֯ۻʼǿ߶֣һǵƬռ䣬ǻһĺ
Ͼ鱻ΧУǿ߶Ҫ̫࣬ȴûаǿߵһδιɱȫչΡ
ȥ͵â֯һÿһƶ·ԻһУΪˡ
飡
Դ˵һɨɳȥֱҿ
һ𴫳Դʺɳ˺һֱۣѪ졣
ֹȥħǱն˳ȥԶһɽײ飬ʯɰû·
ݵĽ棬⿪ѹۻʣھԵ·Կ⡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ɵٴγ³ϲ񷡣
ҪȵǾˣ
Դʺ
һ̣羳ۻϾ飬˼ɵ
չǵǿֶΣҪԼźϾˣʼպƽΪǽ춼Ҫ
Ǻǿ󣬵ǣΪɱǣ۾ڣûô
ӽԺ䡣
⣬ϢøŨƬռ䣬Ϊ֮
һѣɱǣܼ򵥡
Ͼƽ
˸޾⣬Ϣٴ
ǾԿħȵħף
һĲڳɫĻ˳·ҪƬ綼ڻһ㣬ͬʱһɸ˵ķ֮С
ն㣡
Դ˵˫һ̱һЩտĸо·Ҫ˵궼ûȥз·޾Թ˻ľ
ۣ
һ
ֻԶԶĿ˫ۣ͸о˵񶼷·Ҫɽȥ㡣
䣡
ԴϢҲǸˣּ̧һĴͬһУɱ⺧ˡ
һ̣ۻɱɸǿˣƺҪ˺Ѱ㡣
⡭һˣܵĵס𣿡
㤡
Ͼʱˣɫ˿䣬Ψնɱøˡ
ɱ
ۻУ˺һͬʱ˹ȥ
ۻʣչִɱħĺɫħһУزסԴۺ󣬶ɸˣҲ£һߣԴʻӶսĲһҡֳͣռѺۣһƵĽ֯
䣡
һԵĽ棬ǿֶξչӸѹϾ顣
쵣ǵŲϣɺܿ죬еĵǱȫɢˣȥۻʵǿɱϾƽذ˵ĹɱȦնݿ࣬նħĴħףԴ˵ɱ⣬ԴʵĴ
۵һħѣնµը궼㱻С

Դ˲ҽУն⻮˫۴̴
ۣ
ԴҲûֵãۻʱնķѣΨһǱĶݳĵԶʼ顣
Ͼˣǰնɱ⻷裬ϰ˻ġ
ԴǱնһѪ嶼һСء
ʣ㡭
ﬣ
ն˺Ѳ񷣬ٲһ㴹䣬Ƭռȫ֣޲ͬʱ羳ǿ߳֡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһĿа
羳ǿŭ𣬷ܵĿռȴնˣǷһСĿռ䡣

Ҳ֪˶ãⴴǴ𣬺һ·նľɱӶ˳ȥ
һϾ̫ǿˣۻʺȫռϷһѹ֮ơ
ԴӳնķΧɫѿϢ½࣬ѪԱ˲١

ʱǿ˲࣬ĲϾĶ֣˺Ҳв
Ͼϣƽǿߡ
ն⻷ϣɱ϶
ǣ˭
˵
羳ǿɫħҧҵԩ޳Ҫɱǣ
Ե۾ʵ̡
Ͼ
ۻɨ죬ľû뵽֮ʾȻΪһεزͬʱҲ˸ӷŭΪˣҪǸϾɱ
ôеΣ
Ͼ治ɫ


780 նɱ
ϾĻԴʵ˵ɫøѿקȭͷ
Ͼǿߣƽϣǣһ龫ԪһŮԪͨһ˸նʦȡɱǣ֡
ɫ࣬н⡣
Щˣûйϵ
ħ
Բ˵еնϾϽ֯죺ҲΪҿǲ˳ۡ
ԴеøŨϾ鶼ô˵ˣǻܹΣ
ǾԿܲɱǣ
Դ˺
һ˫Ĺţ·̫һ㡣˲ѣһƬ嫵类У˳Ůģ׺
ǧŰپʮŵɱɴӵɣҿε
˺ȵ
ǧŮĻӰ֯˻Թ죬һֿµħԣƬռЩѪʹһһ·Ҫһ㡣
˵
ҧ
ЩɶŮȥǱԴ˻ȥ꣬ǵȴĴӻɱܣ̫ˣֱǺԣ磡
ܷŭҲЩǣǧŮ껯ɱ̫ˣ֯һԹȻܵĴƺܵ˾޴ѹȡ
Ȼ棬Դʺħȵۻʼǿ߶ݣо˴в˸ܿ죬ǿ߶ǻعɢǿĵ
һϣ
ħ
չǰѹȥ
ﬣ
ʱն޵֮˱ˡ
ϾԴˣĿԵøЩ
˵һһѪɫѷ֣˻ͷƤ顣
ǣǸʱ
춯ݡ
ǵһμڵһʱϾһʶĪɱڹؼʱϾµʶʶչ
ͬһʱ䣬Դ˱ɫԴʺħҲǱɫһȻǸоĿ¡
ѪɫѷϾԴˣ䣺Ҳõ
Ļ£Ӿ˵ХѪɫѷдһɾ˵ӿ֣ЩŮ·ֽмһ㣬תۼ䱻ȫ˽ȥ
Ҳȥ
Դˡ
Хһֻ޴ĹצѪɫѷӵʾͷš
Դļ£ͷƤˣٺˣ۹âʢۼͨ⡣
ȻѪɫѷ̽Ĵ̫ˣһУ˺УһѹֵϢһѽԴ顣

Դ˴Ѫ䶯мλþ£Ҫ۳ۻ
ֻצȻûиĻᣬһȦѪâֱӽѪץסѪɫѷȥ
ʣס֣
Դ˴С
Ͼޱ飬צ飬ԴѪɫѷ죬ֻһֵĲҽддѪɫѷ͵һպϣѹֵϢҲ˲ʧ
Ĳ𺧡
һ羳ĵۻǿߣ׵նˣ
ϴθֲˡ
ͷ
һĶ£⡭ʲô
ȻԴʺħۻʾǿҲĲΪ
㡭ʩչʲô
ħ
ͬΪۻʵԴ˵Ŀͨ漴ԴɣԴʽһĲ
ϾƫͷˣǣǿһԼȽϺá
ﬣ
̶ıܣնѹ䣬ѹϰ˻֮ǿߡ
ԶݣԳ⡣
ֻǣǵĿԵЩն֮£ˣʲôס
ǿͬʱɨɣԴڿѪ
Ͼն⻷ߣе߰ĹԴʺħһαɨˣǱնɱķѣͬ嶼㱻ն
˿ѪɫøѿֶζãֵסϾ顣
ʣ㵱ҪϾɱ
Դɫࡣ
Ͼɫһޱ仯ɱ飬ȡǵԪʱ˶ţ˶ٸңǸʱĵһʱûҪǸϾɱ
Դʵɫøࣺ㡭
Ѿ٣Ϊۻʵϣ𡣡
Ͼ
ն׹䣬ʮռ䣬ԴȫѹС
ԴʿХɱңҲҪۣ
һʼȼԴ֮߶ǿͨһǣʮĴЩҲȼ·ҪƬ綼
Ͼ̧֣֮߶նɱ⣬貵ĹâûһУд

ԴʲҽУٴα飬һǱ˳Զȥ
ϾУâ۶ͬ콣ն£͵һԴʵն֧顣
֡һۻʡ
˿Һ
ŲϵϾ飬ϾǿͬʱҲţôСô̺ôֲŴ֮⣬Ѿ޵˰ɡ
طۻѹתۼ䣬ֻʣħһˡ
ϾƫͷϵնøЩ죬ܼ񽣣ȫ׼ħ
ʣ̫֣
ħҧ
Ͼƽ߱ʦɱ飬Ҳ˿֡
˵һն˻볯ħնȥ
ħ־ŭֱչֳһɸߵҾˣ۽ʡʱ䣬Ƭռ¶˲Ȼǿ˶оҪڻ˰㣬ܵĲľ͵죬ֱӱȼ
ħף
ħ
չֳһǿһڵâ۶նſϾֶȥŤ˿ռ䣬ܵ˸š
ҵħ׿ԷٻһУʣֲã

ħ׷ʮ۳򣬷Ͼܣпռ䡣
ԴˣϾıûа仯ֽӡڶβָƽն¡
ﬣ
նâ
͵Ѹٴܣħȫ顣һɳն£ֱӽħͬҲһնС
ʱ䣬ƬռðǳȵϢɢ¶»ָ
ȫȫˡ
ӣ羳ǿɱСӡϾһսȴһС˶㱻Ͼն˸ɾ
ʱ˿Ͼʤۻǿߡ
Сϡ
ŲϺ
֪Ͼݣǣĳƺûиı䡣
ĳƺͰˢˢǲһͷˤȥһ֮ǰѾƺʣɴ˿ȴͷһ
ϣϾƫͷ֮ɫɢȥû˰ۻսʱϵˣͬСŮǰЦˣþòѽ


781 
΢оЩΣϾ顰СϡΪĳƺЩȴû뵽ϾĻʾȻˡ
ԱߣͰﶼһͣŴͣ㵱ʯ
λʷ޵ĻʣȻԡˡƺ죿
ôϾŽţڰվǰǸСŮһЦţҿǱڴɭ񵽵ģϲƺ

һʣ
һƫͷˢˢ졣
캹գ漴뵽ʲôϾǸʱô£
һֱϾ⣬Ͼǿ󣬿ɵڵһĺڰɭϾʱϾȴһƬ¶Լ⣬ʲô֪Ҳûа㱻һͷͨĵͼɱ֡
ǸʱΣյʱȫʧҲֻǵ֣ѽϾЦţΣյʱ֣⣬԰ɣ˵ţϲСϡŽţƮǰʮ㡣
ľ鰡
ðǡ
Ͼ飬˶٣Ǿͻʱˡ
˵ʱȻָϾ鴩кڰɭֵʱ
Ͼͷѽ
һ˫ۣһһ㶵ģǰϾ黹𣿺͸ղսʱֱ˰ڿȥֱһͨͨСŮ
ʱСͷϾ飬ЩµģȴǿڣϣĵС㣬㡭үүǻ𣿡СŮȻУȴϾ˶ûˣϾӦܹôٻ
СĻСһΣͻȻò̫ܡѾȥˣôٻСֻ˵漣е漣
ϾͷС΢΢ҡҡͷСŮǰ̽һֻѹСͷϿաʱ䣬˿˿Ƶⴹ£С֡
ˣ
͹âһƽСڣת۶ѣСŮڵϢ׳󣬺ܿﵽһƽ⣬Ѫͫʽָ󣬶ͷϵӡҲǻʧ䵽ȥǵϢҲˡ
˼ȾϲСȻɳͫʻָҲúķʱ䣬Ͼ֣˲Сָ״̬
лǰ
лɲһƺϾΪСϡ
ϾŰҡҡͷܿûϵġ
Ͼһͷ˳ĺڷһֱλãƯðĻ˵һľ顣ŽƮԱߣҰͬһ߶ȡ
Щ£漴һС帽ɽԴʵ˻ٵĴǵķĹ´á
СһƬСĹᣬССӲͣĳ鴤ţüʱʱ
ӡ
Ͼн֯˿˿΢⡣
һطͣ˴Լһʱ뿪ܿ߳ɽԶ
СɰţһߣСĴϾ顣
ˣСϣһʧȥټˣƬܲܰҿ
Ͼ顣
ϾǵۻʾǷǳǿĵۻʣţϾһܺܿҳӢۡ
ѽ
Ͼͷ
ǽӢ۵òʶӡʳ漴Ͼ΢˸
תۣȥ
ҵˣһƬŵϾкоâ˸塣
ԣûӡҵˡֵľϲлعһ̱Ǳ塱־סˣȻϾе壬ָҵķӢۡ
壿
Щȡ
ԱߣͰҲǲ졣
ү˵ӣҪŷǳʣһǸ塣
ʱ
ȻѹԷӢ۵ʧôźͷŭƷӢһϣڣԭȻһ塣ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ뵽˸Ƭʱһȭ㱻Ӣڶѿ˵£ʱͺܾڷӢǿᣬԶͬǿߣڵ֪ԷΪ壬һҲˡ
壬Ǻų̧ɽǿȶۣʮУͬҲֻֻѹ壬ңЩ
ǸŵЩر٣εΪ˵ر𣬳Ƶһѵõܽ֯ƬŵʺÿһС̨׵ĲΣӦòʲô⡣
Ͼ˵
ϲϼϲж¶â
ǣ߹ȥϾ죬˵ܾû߹ˣǸûʲôΣգż
˵ߣȻͽС
ͷãǾ߹ȥ
ȻӢѾҵûΣգȻǲ
Ͼӿ£ȹףŽţǸСһվԱߡ
쿴۳ŽŵϾ飬ʵûϵ𣿲᲻𣿡
Ͼͷ̧ۣͷ죺⣬йϵġ
캹գ΢Щ˼ʵһҲ֪Ͼ鴦ڵۻʾŶУȻûҲӦòоϾǵۻǿߡ
ң
ϾЦһܽģ
о˼ˣϾָ·󣬲ǳסӢ۵Ĺŵضȥ
һ˴Ӵɽ߳ûʲôŴС
Ȼʿ˳֣Ǵʧɫ
ǡǸˣУǸ壿
ն˼ʮǿߣȻôҡڵĳ֣⡭
⼸ˡ
Щʿ졣
ЩʿУŮʿһˣĿϾϣнǸֳþµСŮ
ͷƯˣ
С飡
ÿɰ
ЩŮʿϾ飬ж˸ϲĹ⡣
⸽һЩʿҲǰһʵϾ̫ˡ
ǺƯϧˣǸһ𡣡
Ǻ˵ã
⵹ǲ֪
嶼ŹǺˣŮǺһ⡭
鷳
һЩʿҡͷ
ϾŽԱߣԵúܰһͷڷȻλãߣһһģԵúܶˡ
Щʿ˽û⣬ûȥЩ˵
һŴͽߣʱʱЩʲô
ܿ죬˷һɽһϡûľͨƽأвݣһЩɫʯɢҵķֲš
ȻҲʿ˳֣¶ɫ
⡭
˽Եۡ
һ˺ƽûЩʿ໥˵ЩʲôԶȥ
䣡
ʱǿӿߵӰԶճ֣⽻֯ž˵ĵϢתۼһǰּ̧佫ܵȫˡ
˽ģѪȴޱʢͬ߿ȼŵĻ¯һ㡣
һҲ
һ˺סͰ


782 ŵۻʰݷ
߸Խ֯ž˵ĵ򲨶һǳԽ˴εˣֻվһǿܱɢܣطȫˡ
ǡʯһ棡Уй棬桭
ˣǿߣ
⡭
ʿɫ
߸ߣֱΪʯһ棬棬棬棬Ѫ棬棬Ӱ棬Ѫʢȴ֯â
ҵԳԸǣȻҲ㹻ֵˣ
ʯ溮
һ絶в˿С
ΪһǿսӦڸԵĴڣһ㲻߳壬ȴòʵͰü嶼о˴ѹ
Щǿ߳Ǽ򵥵Ϊȥʥӱ𣬲ǼΪϴ裬ҪǱڵвɳȥһһѣǲö˵һɣּ̧ܰεǼ壬вܷǼɳҪն
켸߸ߣſڣһ仰Ҳûܹ˵
ʱһߴ漶ǿǿɱĻʵЩϷһ
ֱն

Уʯֱ̧֣죬֯һƵץ졣
漶ǿ߶֣ǵЩ£طһ˲ӿռԳȲ֨죬ƺһ̾Ҫ鿪
ܣʿԱɫ
ˣ
૵
ôܵס漶ǿߣΪ̫ˣ
䣡
𶯲񷣬飬ץǡ
죺
ۣȵİһЩԵĸоƫͷĵط
̾Ϣˡ
߿վһۻʰȻڵۻʾҲڣŴ֮¼޵УһʿȻ㶯֡
䣡
ڴΧ֯ããޱߣʿĲ漶ǿߣ̫ǿˣһƱƣȻǴǿȫ֣Ҳܵס

ʯѹµĴɢǿѹһС
תۼ䣬ֿѹ䵽ͷ
ҲʱԱߣϾ̧ͷʯ棬һĨ΢⡣
ۣ
ʯ̽Ĵֱӷ飬һ˿Ѫû£ֱ˼䱾ˣһըͬɳһһƮɢ
һĻʱʿԱɫ
⣿
ʯ桭ˣ
ô᣿ʲô
һʿɫ
УһŮʿ˫ָۣϾ飬˵ǸһƯСŮղţʯһۣ
ңҲˣ
Ҳǣ
ǸŮ
һЩŮʿҲϽԴϾݡ
طеŮʿǱϾסˣʯ涯ѹʱϾԱߣЩŮʿϾ飬ϾҲҪѣǺϧҲΪǶϾ飬ԿϾ΢СĶ
ʱ棬ľʯըһ˲䣬Ƿһɿֲµѹָоͷ·ǿѹ˰㡣
㡭ʲôˣ

ʱǿߵĿⶼϾϣһֿ־У亹һ˲մʪ˼
Ͼˣ⽻֯ն⸡ۻѹ˲ܡ
ʱ漶߸ӿ־ˣֹסķͬĩһ㣺㣬ۡۻʣ
ವƿ컮նգѹ䣬˲佫ն˸
ɱţ
ӡ
еʿȫסһԷȻԱߵϾ飬
⡭
һۻʣ
ôܣƯСŮôǡۻʣ
˶סˡ
ɨ˸Щʿһۣû⣬ȴǺһĨ΢⡣
ͻȻ룬ʱı·ߣȥһһݷʯȼ壬ô
˵ӢѾҵûΣգȻǲôķӢۡ
⻰ͰԵۣſڣû˵һ
￴Ͼ飬Сȥݷã
չˣȥݷһ¡Ͼ飺ô
á
Ͼͷ
ǾôˡЦǻǲйȥȾʹ忪ʼһһݷùȥݷҧĸ

һۻȥݷ壬˵ġ
ֹ
򣬼ʲôطȻʲôܣ˶֪һ˸ı䷽򣬳һȥͽС
ΪͽУһ˵ٶȻ㲻ܿ죬УһʶӻѾڷɿĴƬÿһ䣬ʯ˱ɱ죬ϾתۼĨɱĻ棬𶯡
ǸСŮһۻʣ
ĿùһĻ˳ƣܵһƵǺѹ˰㣡
⡭
Ǹˣôһۻʣ
ƯµСŮȻǵۻʣ
ʿˡ
ʱ䣬һϯʿдĲ
Ƭ߳һۻʣ
ʯ͹ʯȴһʱͲˣɻûü׷飬Ƭʶӻ֯ݣǱԼٴظ壬һ˲䣬߸Աþ
ô߾Ȼһۻʣ
ңǡ
˵еĴڣôߣôܣ
Ĵ
һۻʰ羳ĴڰߣȻһڣ
ǲǿߣһе׷ɱ죬ȴһۻʣǣǱ˵ۻʼǿߣ
ۻʰǿǴ˵еĴڣ
һ죬壬ȫ½Կ־ˣ
Ҳһ죬һʶӻʿǸˣ͡ۻһƺǡȥˡ
һ˵ۣͷһ
⡭
ǺˣҪʲô
һۻȥ𣿣
ʿļ¡
ǿȻǵһʱϢʱ䣬һԲ
죬ۻʳһˣҪʲô

һΰɽˣŨǳʺС
һͽУֱȥʱߵɽɽȥ
ͬʱֱӿڴǰݷá

֪һĴǻ᲻ᱻΡ
ֹ
Ҳʱɽ£һһڴǣڵǿǣȫ˹žֺ;ηϾ飬д񣺡ӭۻʣ


783 ϴ
Ͼ鳯ϢĴǵǱŻˣԼһ׵˾⣬ﻹŵĴȫ˳ǿҲȫ߳һ͵ɽ£Ͼ鿿˸ԥٶȸ˹ȫڵ
ϾվԱߣڷ󣬶Щʿû˿ʾ
΢ۣһˡһ׷ɱԼȴһǰ峤̫ϳ϶⣬Ǿ޴ķ
ֱӣǿСǣҪɱСӣ
ǿԣʱŵһʱҳϣһ峤ڣµᣡᣡҡҵˣû˼֮ǰ֮ǰǸΪðСѣСնʵҵȲû⣬֮󡭡߳ȥСѵˣйصˣµСû˿⣡
߿վŵۻʼϾ飬ҿȥϵǳãһʿʱ峤ŭΪֻϣ첻ҪŭΪһ춯ŭʹϾ鶯ŭϾ飬ǵۻʰ
ۻһŭ̧־ϳ
ŶģһҲǸйأ
⻰ǿ뷢
棬ǡǸ󱲵棡
峤
뼸Թ£˿ɨ峤΢΢һ
ɨЩˣûпڣϾû⣬ʹ峤ûһ˸ڷ
оâ֯κ󿪿ڣã͵ûɱҵ˼
⻰һʱһڴϲû뵽Ȼô򵥾ˡһһ̫ϳϿڣһлСѣлСѣ˵Ļ屣סˣõĻᱻۻʻ
ʱٴοڣҵû˼ȷʵǿ׷ɱңҵӰܴ󣬵ҵУվѲ˹ϵ룬ڴˣһЩ⳥Ӧõİɣ
ӦãӦãӦã
峤
ʱһֻϣ첻ҪŭﻹҶĻʲôɡ
СҪʲôֻҪóĶаֳɣ
һ̫ϳСɨϾ飬˵
áһ壬һƷ֮ҪĳڱҪȼķ⣬龧Ҳǳȱһ۵龧Ӧò٣ͽһƷۻ龧Ҿˡǲɣ
ʲô
Ʒǿ龧ҪʱˣСѣⲻУ
Сѣܷһ
һڴǶˡ
ƽƷ龧⣬ٽеıҡ
㡭
ƷĵҲҪˡ
⡭
ķҲҪˡ

һڴǸǵͷƿԣҲ˿
һۻվԣû̸еʸ񣬸ûзϾǺԼȡʱԥȥͨȼķȣȫᱻҪߡ
ڣ쵽ûԣϾֱ֣ӻǡ
£һһ̫ϳҧҪе䱦Ը˳һƷıȣƷƷһʮķڣ龧Ҳǲ٣ŰʮĶǰ
С˼ȫȫˣ
̫ϳһʹӲѪ˿
Щųɵĵˣ
ǰһԷ龧ԣɵǳϴ٣ңĴ͵ǰ
̧֣е䱦ȫ
лλʢ顣
˵
⻰һһڴֻ౻һƵģ
峤ϿڣϾ飬ˣۣСѣλȥһʱһĴǸʹȴȥ죬ǻԵѡ
ˣ뿪Ҫȥݷ塣
λ͡
˵
䣬Ű˵ͷֺϾǳʱ·ȥ
һǿʹ˿еζ״
͵ۻʣСѣ
Щǵ
ܿ죬˵ӰʧȺǵҰУʱ䣬һ峤ͼ̫ϳѪѪ˿ˣһһ˹ȥ
峤ǣ
һȺʿ־ּæΧȥ

ˬСӣ̫вˣ
ǧԶĴϣЦᡣ
ʵ˵̫ˡ֣ʱˣϾһơ
һЦǱǶƨ׷ɱηˮתҲһΡ

үϲ
Ц
Ͼû˵ʲôĸԱߡ
һ죬һ뿪壬ͽУŰӰȥ
Ӱ岻˲ƽҲ֪˶ʿԶԶϾ飬ļ¡
һۻʸߡ
ˡ
׺λۻʲôϵ
Ĳ
úƬ涼˳ԶԶĳϾ鳯ݡ
һۻʳĲʵ̫ˣ
ǰݵĸ棬ϾûκαʾҲû⡣
ǺˣǡҪȥģ
Ǹ򣬺ǡǡ
Ӱλã
ʿ˳
һʿҿСĸڼ󷽣֪Ҫʲô
ܿ죬չȥ
һ죬һӰ⡣
ǰݷá
촫
һӰϾ鳯ˣһĴǺһǿ߶⣬ĴϾߵطǲһ־ӭǰȫڵдӭۻʡ
ϻ˵ǰӰ׷ɱСӣգҪиǵĵۻĻʴȣһʶ⳥ٲ˵ģǿ
żɽ
ӰƲңϾһǲ쿪ڣ˸ҷ
¡
⡣
ֺûʲôһ죬ӰǿƷۻƷƷ龧ͱȫߡУƷһƷʮļ٣龧ʮֱȻʤ
ðӰĴʹѪȴû˿취񣬵ۻʼϾߣһʲôʱθȥ


784 
Ӱһڴ۵ĲֱʹȥһȴǲԴ⣬µ򣬽ԼѰùνѭô򵥡
ȥѪ塣

Ƭǰеļ壬̶Ҫ۰գȫۼҲڴ󱦲ذ

֣ﵽ۷壬һĶǿ۵ģɼĵ̺һǱǲˣ龧Ǹֵ֣ǳˡ
һ뿪Ӱ壬ƽŴѪȥ
Ӱ弫ԶʿȻǿһҪһ̵ĳۡ
ӰƷ͡ôҪˣ
ƷƷƷҲ
ǡϴ٣
áǵġ
Ӱˣ֮ǰȥ壬ѵѵҲ
һЩʿӣ
ʿߵķСѪȥˡ
ʿžηСԶԶš
ƽĲӣʱʱЩʲôܿѪǰ
ӭۻʣ
Ѫһڴһǿȫӭ˳ǹд־ֿ־塣
ƽɨһһȺˡ
ûʲô˵ģԼһʱһ˴Ѫľųɵ뿪аʮ龧һƷʮͨٵɲݱֱ࣬Զһʿ۾ֱҺ
ѪѪҲ⡭
ֳŹȥˣҪ
ŵۻϴ壿
ʿԲ˫ۡ
һȺʿСĸȥ˶оЩ
һʱȺ߹壬ͺ壬ͬȥ壬ӰѪʱ㣬ľųɵȫߡò˵ΪƬڶεĴȷʵҪȴǿʢ٣龧ÿͶһʮķҲҪȶ˲١
УĴǶͷֱѪȴֻܽЩ̱˫ַϣû˸ʱŭһˣΪһۻʾ͸Աߡ
հ
Ц
߹壬ܹջƷƷʮ߼Ʒʮżǧ龧߰ıȸǶľˡ
ȥʯ塣

ЦһƬĶ֮һ̱ض
һ˿ɽĳʯȥ
ʱԶԶʿˣһƬЩʿȺĿ˶߰Ӱ壬Ѫ壬壬ͺľųɵ̣ѾĿɿڴһֳǿʯȥǲĶ¡
ʿӣ桭Ǻ˰
˵ٶȲ죬Լȥʯ帽ԶԶȥʯǻԻͣһߴʯطӡǿĵƣеǷǳˣȹͺǿ̫ˡ
ǰݷá
ԶԶĳ
ļ󷽸ŵʿԸ̣⡰ݷáֱҪ
ֶʯԣͬǿµ
һǰһڴǺǿ߽ӭžηͿ־壬ͬʿ㣬Ͼд
Ƕ˵ɣ
ۡ
ҵף
ʯ峤ʹ˵ĸ֣ȡһö߼ʯ䡣
ϾȺ߹壬ȡǼųɵĵ̣ʯ֪ԼһҲ㲻ȶˣѾһ׼áǲԸģȴȻŵҲֻܹԹԸףֻΪ߸һۻʡڵۻǰǿɸӵʵûκһ˿Ǵŭ죬ǵϾ֣һգۼͻᱻ
̧֣ʯ峤еʯȡһɨһƷʮͨٵһʮ龧౦ȡ
ʯ峤Ҽǵãʯ嵱һƷ龧ĴӦҲֹһʮ԰ɣ嶼нӽһʮ龧
ʯ壬ʹ壬ʥ壬ÿһƷ֮ǰʯʥҪɱӶԷһһʯʥӻƷˣʯͻʣڵƷһֻһȻﻹһ龧ʯȻҲֹһʮ
㡭ܸһЩ𣿣
ʯ峤
첻˵ʲôֻǺƽŶԷ
ʱʯ峤ǿһû˵ʲôȴǸоһ־壬Ψ˵һЩĻǽһƷȡͬʱȡʮ龧˫ַϣʵǰ
ȫˣ
ʯ峤ʹĿҪܺ
̧֣֮
Ƭǿ֮һȻʮ龧

ʮ龧൱ʮͨ龧ˣֵܵϸࡣ
龧ܱȵϵѰˡ
е
û⣬ʯһƷʮ龧
лʢ顣
˾䣬漴ǺϾ뿪
͡
ʯһ˵
ʯһڴʣȴұʾ˿д
͵ۻʣ
ʹôĸ֣ϹϾ
ʱһһڴѪ˿ǲҺ죬ЩʹԼһѾնʥӣͬʱҲԼޱȺڣںΪԼһҪһδεȥ졣ǰ㣬λýĽ֡
ԶһһȺʿһͬľܵİ㡣
桭Ǵŵۻϴ˼塣
૵
뿪ıӰϾ鰲ĸԱߣһʿֻ˵𺳣ָоͺϾۻΪһ㡣
ʲô˰
һЩʿоֱð

һԶԶ뿪ʯķΧһϡ
߹߸壬ܹõƷһٶͨһǧǧ龧ȸǲ˵಻ʤ
һУߴ˫ַϡ
ˬ
Ц
Դû˵ʲôȴǸоܽǰʱ䣬Ǳ⼸һ׷ɱΡ
Ͼ飬ȥѵƬŵذɡ
Ͼͷõġ
£һ˳ϾָķǰУúһƬԴɽ䡣

档
ɨܣطƺǳͨûʲôر֮
Ͼ̧֣һȦʱ䣬ǰһ˿˿ͬˮһ㡣漴ֳһƬ澰ԻһƬɽٲңвʺ統գһرľҶģķǳïʢ
һƬһСռ䣬ƽղֻżΪռ䶯¶Ż˿ʱ롣Ͼ˵ˣµˣһǷֲ˵ġ


785 ɽ
Ļ棬ϾĻɵðԵͷСڵĴɽڣҲôһƬƿռ䣬ĿռƺҪ࣬ܽ룬һ֮ǰҲ˽ȥ
һȺϾ򿪵ŻУʱǸе˳Ũҡ
һɸأ
С
ϾָķƬǰߣûñȺ󿴵ʬ壬ܶĲӣȴܿĳǳʿ
ǰӦǴڶ벽Ρüһ·׷ɱӢۣͬʱУȻȥ
ɡڣһǿڣػ֣Ƴ⼸ǱƬڵɱ۷壬Сռ䣬ȻҲǷǳ˽⡣
⻰쾡֪ӢûѣȴǲЩ
ƺڵģϾ˺ܰȫ
Աָ·ŶС
ܿ죬ǰּʯмǿʯ£һͿڵϣϴһѪѾˣʧȥѪζңͬһʱ䣬һĹ磬ԻһѵĴɽϢǾˡ
쳯ǰȥͿΰȻǷӢۣ˿̣ĹЩǿᣬһѵĴɽƺһɼµͬѹһа㡣
ɽ

壬Ϊʮ֮һȻȥйĹżȴֻ⣬ڹż￴񣬶ֻҲϾֻ֪壬Ҳʩչֻͼ
һЩȻγɵƣͨżĺôڲ򣬶ҡƺʶڲԼ֪Լ򡣡
˵
ͷȥӢȷʵҲΪˣݻ򣬱Եøѵã൱һ㡣ˣ֮󣬵ӢԷһսҲǿһء
ʱǲȥţûнѶԷǺϾ˾һߣȴӢ
ˣ
â֯Ӣʱʱĵ涼ɵ΢΢ζ
ˣҲ֮һϣĹоµĵŻζ

ǿȶۣʮһУֻֻѹ塣
΢ɨһۡ
쵹û˵ʲôֻǾĵһߣʱʱϾСЩʲô
ܿ죬չȥ
һ죬Ӣɢһ⣬漴䵽ȥһ̣Ӣ˫ۣдһ˿˿ã֮ɫģеãʧͻȻ¶ɫΪʱ۾ͿǰվһȺˡ
ڣӢʶģڿϵľȲʧЩֵܣô⣿Уǡ˵ţֺȻɫ䣺ˣǺͷ峤ΣգҪȥ峤ǣҡұˣֵܣܽܲܳȥ
һĨȻ˶ٵӢۣ£Ѿˡ
۷Ӣۣʱû˵ʲôͰȻҲڡ
ˣʲô˼ֵܣѾ֪ķ巢ʲô£ǣҵǺͬǣз峤ǣǶôˣ
ӢЩ
ſڣˡ
Ӣۿݺݲ£ʱ͹
ʵϣǰǾѾµ˽һǿɱǸ壬ȫڻȳȥ˵¿ȥԮȴǺͳ弸׷ɱǿһƬռ䣬նȥĪ˹ȥʵѾȥôʱ䣬ˣܻ˻š
Ҫ𣡡
ͻȻ𣬻и˲Ϣ䲼Ѫ˿ģˡ
һӢʱ·ͻȻħһ㣬һҪʧȥԵס
£ûԥֱӽֻͼʥĹâһʱƵӢУѹƷӢۿ񱩵ͬʱȶӢ۵
ԱߣϾԭԵúɴ˿ȴ΢ݣ籦ʯƯ˫һ˿˿ǳ֮⡣վû˵ʲôֻ̧ͷǰͼ
ˣ
ֻͼâ貣ʥϢڷӢܣķӢϵĺϢ˫ĿŵѪ˿Ҳɢ˲٣ȶ
ֱֹȥƬ̣췽ǽֻͼ
Ӣۺ˺ܶ࣬ΨɱڣȭͷҪҪ𣡡
Ѿˡ
˵
Լһ˺ǿߺٵµӢ
Ӣֲ£ǣ峤ͬǣΪģˣɣҲᣬ˵˺ܶ¡ʱƤȥ޵һΪ˾첲ͬǱ곤ʲô峤УǶʦ游
кܲζǰͿ庺ӾᣬĵԷһܵ˼㡣ŷӢ˵һ£Ҳ˷ӢΪξܾ峤һ̫ϳϵ룬ԸȥҪǸС壬˶ĺӣǷĵϲǸط
ŷӢ۵ļû˵ʲôοԵĻȴ
˵ףǸСվѲ˵Ĺϵ
ﶼ˵ʲôϾԵúƽ
תۼ䣬һʱȥӢǺ˺ܶ࣬ȭͷģҪǿԺػˣǣ峤ͬ˵Ļ
ŷӢô˵ǵͷķӢ۵ļ򣺡Ӧˡ
ͷԺȭͷ£˭۸壬ʹ˭Ӳ
ʱڡ
Ӣקȭͷܣȴصĵͷ
ֹȥӢ۵ȶЩƫͷԱߵϾ顣
ϾͷȥƬ
ƬķΧܴ÷Ӣ۸ţһ˲ĳȥ
һľ䣬ûȥñ޺һͷʮɳĿ֣ţǶߣͫһƬ糺졣
ˣ
𶯣һߣһͷɸߵ̻ɳ֣»棬Ũ
漴¡¡ģ͵쫷𣬲ϳһֻͫ׳ɫĶˣȻǽһ˵߰Ĵڡ
ӢۻȥУͷ޺ȴǶݣڵСģ⼸ͷǿĺܣļ벽ʿתۼ䱻ǻɱˡ


786 ͨɰ
ȻҲǸоͷ޵ǿᣬܹȵϴǿˣɢŨڴˣȴûаɵ֮ɫ
𣡡
ͷ߳
һ̣ͷ޼ԱߵϾ飬һʱȫһ߷ʰİɪɪͫǾ֡
ϾĻʣԵλߣͷ޸ӦϾϵĵۻϢȻǿ־ĺܣϾǰȫڵϣϾ顣
ɫ糣Ӣȴޱȣ֮ǰͷ޿׾ٽ弸벽ǿ߻ɱȴǻûսڵطɫܿǷͷ޿־ĸԴڣȻԱǿȥֻʮһСŮʱˣ⡭
֮õʲô
ļ
ӢĻžɫϾ飬૵ĵͷŶŶŶ
ˣ
ڷӢ۴˿̵ľȣҲû̫⣬λȥ
һͽУߣǰͷǿϮɱû㶼ȫſϾȻɢĵۻ塣
ܿ죬ʱȥһƬƮŵֱŨ㡣ȥǰԶһƬȪأȪڵˮ΢ճ״ŨҲǴճ״ˮԴȪɢ
ǣ
һ
ȪزСԲʮɣЩճ״ˮԴҺ̬γɣ
ԱߣҲǾסˣͬӢҲ⡣
ö
˫۷Ź⣬ֱǰȪء
ⷽȪΧŲǿޣϾЩȴǸβͱˣΡ
ȪڵҺٿÿһС̨׵Ϊ
Ͼ
ͷͰӢۣȺ뵽ȪСǰϾѾ˵ƬռرڣԣֻǾһ˲ͻع񡣶Ӣۣ;УҲԷ¡
ȪУȪصı£̧ͷϾ顣
Ϊǻ
ϾСһߵʯ
Ͼ˵ͷ漴ۣ̫ľת
ˣ
â֯ڣʼǣȪڵҺʼ
Ա߲ԶǰҲе⽻֯ȴΪĿĳͨ
һʱ䣬һԴһλãȪڵҺ㶼ǲɵ÷һЩҺڳͬǹˮӿһ
ˣ
ֲһϢ֯ɲͬĲɢǺǿ
ϾʯϣȪڵ죬Եú
С㣬ʲôǡûгȥ
ԱߣСƫͷϾ顣
ϾͷСС
ʲô
Сܺ档
ϾС˶٣΢̧ճԶָʱ䣬Ǹطһ޴Ļʯ뿪棬ڿն
УǱǿೣ£ܱҪˡ
˵
С֮ǰѾϾֻ̧ӳ⣬ɴ˿̼һĻȴɺܳԾȻĻǺ棬СϾСҲ𣿡
ԡϾ򵥣˶٣ѧ
롣
Сɵĵͷ
ϾСƬ̺¶һĨЦ
СŮԴʱû˵ʲôƫͷ졣
Ȫڣ˫ۣĬĬת̫ľ
תȹžȡȪҺڵİڵУ֮ͬʱǡ
ˣ
â֯⣬ϵϢ
ʱԴԱߵö񵰵ԵúܰƺǴεĳ˯УûгһȪҺڵ
Щ⣬Ҳû̫⣬΢΢һƽ
ȪҺڣǣʹϵϢһƱǿͨɲΣαԴͶΪ˿̣ϼȡڣʹٶȺǶٶȱø졣
ͬһʱ䣬ⷽȪϣӢۺҲͬ¡
ΨаͶǣü΢΢ĬĬĳִ
࣡
࣡
࣡
ȪڣһȪرʱʱðڳԭЩճȪҺҲǽϡʼͨˮת
ʱ䣬ŵĺܿ죬ת۱ʱȥ
ȪرϣâƣרעĬĬ̫ľʱϢѾ࣬ǿһء
䣡
ͻȻһɰɢһɰ쫷糯ܵ
˫ۣһĨâٽԼɢϢѹ
ͨɰ죡

ʱĸоڵøӴˣҲøӻˣͬƺӰʶҲǱ٣ʶǿһࡣ
΢΢ȭͷʱ˿˿Ƶĵ绡֯ҲǿһСء
ܺã
˾䡣
ʱȪڵҺﻹ̺ûվȪرϣת̫ľȡеԹԼǰľ硣
һ̣̫ľתٶѹһЩĽâȻҲǸű䵭٣ȴǽһֺʵУɬĹó˰㡣
ˣתۼʱȥ
ʱȪڵҺøϡѾǺͨˮԴûʲôˣ̵ĵһɶ
ʱۣͨɵڰΪ׹βơ
һƾâվǣְﵽͨ죬ﵽͨ죬Ӣ۴ﵽͨأҲڹżľ硣ľɴͨɰأûаӡ
ˣͷĳڴѹž
Ȫذȥ
ʱͷӢ۵Ⱥۣжһƾâ֯š
ˬ
ΪС̨ס
ԶҲվΪûʲô仯ɢϢȴǱøˣ֮ȥһ˿ĪĸоȻá
һгȪأǵ˲Сĺô
ϾʯվС졣
ƬСռҲⷽȪдãûʲôرĵطȪڵһûµıҪϾ˾䣬Ͼ̧֣âƬռʱһͨŻ
£Ⱥ³ʱƬɽ䡣
ɽ䣬޳ʱʱصţһѭһ򣬺ܿ˳ȥ
Ӣۣȥɣǿ߶ĴѰ㣬ż
ԷӢ˵


ھž 


787 
ĻӢͷѾʧ̫ãĴѰȷʵʱһʱϻȥƾյǡͬʱ˵ֵܣдңһȥɣȥ͡
ҡͷӢ۵ļ򣺡ѾȥһΣܹȺǰдʱͲȥˡȥԺǻټ档
Ӣۺһȥ壬Ҳٶ˵ʲôٴ˱лתȥΪ˹ڵʱٶȺܿ죬ûȥñʧߡ
ûʲôɵĵˡ

ͷСӢҲҵˣȷʵûʲôɵĵˡ
ȥء
˼ŵ
ʱԱߣϾ̧ͷȥɡ
⻰һһ㶡
ȥ
ǣΪͨƬ򵽵ʱŻ

𡣡ϾЦ˵ҿǹȥ
һ㶣漴ȻϾȷʵֱӽǴ͵ȥȵۻʼĴڶԣѾ㲻ʲôˡ
˶٣ͷȥǸѡ񣬱ϾƬҲ񡣶ң֮ǰϾ߹ʯȴ壬Ƭ˶֪վһϵۻʣĻη壬ȻԺƬʱ裬ĳ˵Ҳʧȥսԡ
ͰǾΣ
Ͱ룬ǵͷҲȥõѡ
ǲʲô
Ǿȥ򡣡
Ͼ
Ͼһ㣬ʱ䣬һ޴ѷ측ǰ
ˡ
˵
ͷûʲôģΨССӵķ΢΢˳ӡ
ϾȻ֪Щʲôû뿪ƺڸСʱ䣬ֱ󣬷һȦ͵ĹâɢһУ뵽ѷڡ
һθоĺڰͬڹİ棬Ⱥڰתۼʧǰâһһٴվ˺ʵϡ
ˡ
Ͼ
һʱоǿܶȥǰһƬޱ׳ɽӣɽΰһܻص΢΢һƬ磬оƬĿн֯һɱϢޱȵǿҡ
ǵ򣿡
΢΢ݡ
ֻ㿴һۣоƬҪȵ࣬ɽܾˡ
ϾվԱߣͷ˵ƬʺĥϼὫԼһһЩ͵ƬȻʷľŴʱҲƬͣá
⻰˶һΨûʲôӦȻǺЩ
̧ͷٴɨƬظϾĻʺĥ򡭡ϼὫԼһһЩ͵ƬŴʱƬͣĥáˣƬźضǳ࣬һƬսĥ磡
ͰǴƬ򣬰е㾫â֯
һƬǳʺĥҲҵһƬ򡣡

Ͼ̧ͷȴûж˵ʲô
쿪ڣ׼뿪ˡ
Ҫˣ
΢㶡
ϾͷҪһֱ㣬ǾͲˡ
һ㶣漴Цŵȷʵ
ϾΪۻʣһۻǿ߸ߣʲôȥ⣬˳ȥһڶԺ͵ԣǵвһ¡
ϾЦЦƫͷСС֡ʱ䣬һɼΪ͵СƮԱߣСҴˣõġ֮ǰƬռʱСԼǲҲУʱ;СһˣҪǣСһˣǼǳ鷳¡
£û뵽ϾῪڽСߣڴˣ˶ͷСϾߣȻǼ£ҲСĸҪ֪Ͼһۻʣɲ˭иܴһۻߡ
СԺһҪߵĽĻ
С
Сܶºܹɣܲ˷ֿȴĵͷСúСĻġ
ͷϾ顣
ôˡϾһȦâɢС漴Ϣ両ֳһ޴ѷ졣˶٣죬¶һܺÿЦݣ˸ֵĶˣ͡
䣬ѷ죬ֱСûʧ˵ҰС
Ƭռ䣬һҶƮš
ﶢϾ뿪ķ˫ǹһĹʣһ˫ȭͷÿɰ뱧Ůԣڷ䵽ϾżֵĶʵ̫ɱˡ
죬
ɿҲ߰ɣȥƬ翴
ͷתԶ
ƬҪһΪү漴Ʋ죺̵ģ˵⻰үĪһĸоܶǰƬʱʱڴﵽ۷壬ٴγƬʱȴǴͨɵ죬ʵһײǽĸо
ƲƲ죬Ȼ֪ʱĸܣȴһҲ⡣
Ƭ£ֲȶ
һԶߣһ
ԱߣͰҲƫͷȥ֮ǰһЩ˶֪۷壬ʮԶϤ
ſͷү˸ţС㶼οһ£ûһͬģˬԹһֿͨڣ֮ǰүǺƬûκУֻһЩԭס񡣡
ŵǵһ򵽵ھΪҵһƬûκιءƬǿ棬˭ȭͷ˭˶٣ֵȻˣеﶼˣƬֵԡ
⣬Ƭ֯غʹĹҲǳ࣬ÿһغʹĹһڻԵöңΪԹﶼƬдƬﴴԣƬҲǱչйĶȣ˵÷һͨɽĳµиȻǾŴͨҲпƬѰ
ϣƬˡ
ͷԵͷǶƬһΪ˽⡣
ﬣ
ʱһĵǰһɽͬʱһ֡


788 ǰ
ԵúǿʢתۼǴӴɽ۲һǰ
΢üƫͷܣ⻮Ƴգһʯնķ顣
Ļ
һЦ
ǰɽ۲ӰڿնΪ׵һ׳һ۰򣬳һڹǵֱһմӺһֽӡ
ʲô˼
ʵ
ʲô˼Ӵɽ۲˶һۣɵЦΪ׵׳ɭɭȻĶ죬СӣϵıʵʵԼˣҵʹЩ
ۣ
Ǻ˵Ƭܻңûκι˭ȭͷ˭Ƭɱ°Ǻܳ£ÿռ䶼йٵʿ޹ʲɱ

ͷ⻹ȷʵƬҲп򣬸ս˶ᱦɱߡ
ǰֵ׳ЩͣϻʲôԼȡ
Ҫȡԡ

Ͱվһ߲ڣȻǲûô⡣
׳һĨɫǰ֪Ķеĵ֯⣬΢һ˿ѪɫȻɱˡ
׳ԵҲϣǳֽӵĿڰϣжʱһĨŨŨľޡ漴һ̣ɫĹ⣺ŮӽңܾûļˣԺúһ
Ͱƫͷӽһ˲ñ̹ǣɱڡ
ۣ
ǻֻ֣ŵϢ˿ѪɣǱҡ
һ̣ǿӿ𣬰ֱӽ̫
˵
ҧгݣ̫ѹ£һ˲佫ɳȥĳֽ֣顣
ʲô
㡭
һĻǳֵ׳մӶʱԺȻɫһ¾Ͱˡ
Űһ˲Ƿ˲࣬СȶǶʼͷͳԶߡ
̧֣ǰһ⣬մն
춯򵥣һŽűߵһʯ߳һ⣬ǳֵ׳Դʶһ顣
ֻ档

һ̫
ͣһ˼ǰС
ûãһ߳˺ԶʱԶһƬɽȺһɽޱΰֲǴ׳ľˣд

ԶԶȥһͷݺնһɿ磬һƬľȫƷˡ
һ򣬴ضһͷƤëѪɫҲ֪ɳ˶꣬һСɽƶ㣬ɢϢǳˣ˿Ǿݲ
ͷһԾڿն𣬺Ǿɱһ˲Ѫ䡣
ܿͨɼǿߡ

ͷͷ޽Բǿ
ȥƺǺƽ¡
˶ٵ
ȻǺƽ¡ƬԶԱȽԭʼ޷ǳ࣬ȻҲͼ࣬ʿĲɱ϶٣һܲпᡣ
Զľ٣ͷ޵£һ걻飬ϯܡ

ɽЩλãĲҽ
һĿǺܾˣȥֻһȺʿ棬Уһվʿץһ龧Ө񣬱һʿ˹ȥûʿһƬӰѹ˹ֱӽ֮
˵ˣҵģ
һʿŽץȥ
˵ģģ
ߣ
˵ҵģ
ܣвʿȥ֣ǿ鲻ı
䣡
ʱǿһϯȥʱʺѪˮ֮ϡ
ûȥãмʬڵϣѪģ
Ƭ鲼ŵشĹɼҶʿãϲɢ޶ѡƬã˵ܵõĳλĵͳһЩʿ徳ͻϲԣƬʿԭס⣬ʵ󲿷ֶԴϲﵽ벽ζӵƬģǳ٣ٷ֮һı
˵ͷһ㣬ȻܹͨҲǺ£Ƭ󲿷ʿǴ²Ǽͳضܼ벽ǿˣȻǲܵ£벽οûô״ﵽﵽ벽ǲܴӵģϾÿʿͬ㣬һۻǿߴϣֱӴ²
䣡
ǰɽϯܣһȺʿᱦսޱȡ
߹
ʱһХԶһͷ޴ݣһ֮ǰͷݻҪǿһЩֱӽһʿ뵽С
զ࣬⻹һƬԭʼ磬⵹Ϊǰȳ̫ڲпᣬǿȥȳƺͬҳ㷹һѰ
ɽƺп̺ۣе򲨶
ָԶ
ǰһɽ£±ںֲܴڣȴ̺ۣе򲨶ת
ǰʱµĶȥǻŲСĺô

ûԥûɽʿԼ޵棬̧ȳɽµķȥܿǰۿ±ϵĿ̺۸Щ²Ĳ࣬ǰʱ˲ӡµ
Щ̺ۣ˽ǰһ
ǵΪǿˣĴܴǵĶҲѾﵽԳشĳ̶ȣʱҪʼˣݻֵץסǰµĴȻŲСãһЩ·֮ƿصĴҲǿһЩ
˾±ǰĦ±ϵһӡеĵ̡
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
䣡
Զһɾ˵һͷɸߵľѹѪȵϢҲ֪˺ѹ飬Կͨǿߣסһ
üƫͷȥĮɨԷ
ľƺǸоΣգŲ΢٣ѹǰһ̣ͷ޷վѹ˹צץһ
ﬣ
΢һĽâնȥֱӽͷķѡ
Ѿﵽͨɰ죬ͨİ벽ǿ߶˲ɱһͷͨʿޣȻ㲻ʲô
նͷޣ±ϵĿֱֹ̺ۣȥһʱǽĿ±ϵĿ̺ƿЩӡ
Щá

ʱ򣬰ͰҲϣһһЩջ
ֵûȥ±ϵĿ̺ۣϾԼʹﵽ۷壬һ˶ԵĸòϡңǺޣΪﵽֱӾƿдòǰȥ¡


789 ʮ
±ϵĿ̺ۣ˶ã໥Щӡ֤֣̽뿪Ƭɽ´
Ƭɽܴܹ﷢һǰ˵̺ۣôɽطӦûƵĿ̺ۣǿңҲûҪȥ
˵
ͷƬ˽⣬Ȼô˵ˣȻĵ
ͰƬɽ䣬ɨܣѰǰµۼ
䣡

Ƭɽܴ󣬹ľ죬о˵ʿĲҽдȥɽʿ٣Զвп֣
ҡ
ֹ
ͰͬУȴǲδ⣬ƬɽѰ̺۵ĵطڵǺãԺƿصǿĴ
ﬣ
Զһɱնǣʿ֣ȻҪɱ˶ᱦ
ɫƽּ⽻֯âԻ
ʱһӵصӳһͷۼ׵һڽǳɱʿ뵽Уû뵽ص£գۼʧټ
һ
ǵùߵġ
ۡ
һ˼ǰУúǲ֪䳯ɽȥ
ȥɽʿӶˣˣʱʱݣ棬޵Ĳ޵ɱ
˶ԴѾϰߣû⡣
ɨƬɽú˷֣һɽɽϿӡһžžȱԱȴеǿߵۼ˽ǰһ
ûԥܿǰ붢ⷽɽڣ˷֣ɽϵĵЩˣ֮ǰֵһҪǿࡣ
ӦǵһΪɫǿ

ͰҲͷĹĦɽϵĿ̺ۣϵĵ̡
һۣʮȥϢԱҪ뵽ɽϵĿ̺ںĵС
ʱһӽ䵽˴ԵЩݣȴɭ䡣
ϹҪڴ
ĳ˵
ˣ켸޶ãĦɽϵĿ̺ۡ

ӵϬѪɱ⽻֯˱
ɱŨңʱʿһƫͷط
ǣǧ飡
ʮ֮һ˾ȻҲƬɽ⡭
ѵǸģطĲһǷĹҪˣ
˳Ծ
Ϊǧ飬ˣеɱ˿ҲΡ
⡭ǵǧˣ
ɣ
⻹˵
ҡͷ
ʱǧѾ絽˽ǰֱ̧֣ץȥǣּΪ

³һ֣һۣΨһɼΪǿɢֱӽѹĴ𿪣ͬʱӵŵŵŵĺiԶ
ʱ䣬ʿԱɫ
ǣ
ƾͱǸǧ飿
ôܣǧȻڻʮĩȴҲǴͨɾ찡Ҳһͨɾʿɱȣɱ벽ǿߣڣȴȻ
ôܣ
þ
ʿһ𾪡
ǧʱҲǱɫͫ׶ԼȻƾˣĶ죬ûðȻǰд׹⣺ܺãòҪ뿪ɵоǿԼǶֱ֣ѡߡ
ʱƫͷ˹ȥ㲻ˡ
ţǧ뿪ʱе׹̫ˣҪȥѰԸǣȻˣȻɵɵĵŶԷѰǻԵúܰ׳ա
һһĽâֱϯȥͬκ˰ѹǧ顣
Ƚâǿ£һĺǧɫ䣺㡭
ۣ
Ѫˮǧֱӱնķѡ
һ˲䣬ط˲
ɱɱǸǧ飿
ֻǣֻһ
ˣ⡭ʲôˣôôǿǿǺǧ鰡
ȺȻ˶죬һ㣬̲סһ¡
ܿ죬ЩУ˱ɫ
ʮ֦ͬΪֵܣƺǳһطǧ鱻ɱʮ˾Բ̣⡭
ˣҪ꣬ߵǶŮҲҪɱ
ɲǣʮףϴ϶ɶǴڴΣ
ҡͷ
ЩʿۣȻˣȴǲû⣬ĦɽϵĿֱ̺ۣȥʱ󷽲ȺƿĿ⣬ջ
ɨɽһۣûͣ뿪Ѱǰۼڡ
;У֮ǰһЩʿʮףһʣңƬ
ûȷʵƬ򱻻ΪԵĴ򱻳浽ĵĴ򱻳вԽǵвλãŵشĹԽ࣬ɼҶҲԽ࣬ȻۼǿҲࡣ
ͷͰҲˣھǴƬıԵλãڻڡ룬ӦϾΪ֮Ҫһ·ƬıԵвȥǾԻдô
ת飬бضڵ
˻ȭͷ
죬
ۣСĿƬĳ棬صҲʤôƾõ£ʿ޾ȴҲûбھбأҪ뽫ƬıھǼֱǳ˵ΣϽؼ˯ȥ
ۣŭҾ˵˵ѣСôϻ
@#үС㣡

С㣡

@#
Ͱȫ棬һһĻ̧ܣѾϰߡ
Ƭɽǳһɽ䣬Ѱǰµۼ֮ȴûʲôջѰʱҲʲôҵ;бɽϮΣ㲻ʲô׾ٵȫն
ܿ죬ʱȥɫѾǰǳ֣һԲ¸߸߹գеɫ¹Ƭء
ˣ
һ̣ɽһɽѿˣй
ʱ䣬һԶݣ̧ͷȥ
ǡ
죬ǰŨһʯţʯźۡ
ǰһĹ
ȥԻʯûд򿪣ֻһ˿˿϶ѣǴʯŵķ϶͸
֮ǰЩʿƬɽƺǴһǷĹ
ǰ
ͷ붼룬һЩʿǷĹˡ
ʱƿյƬɽ˷ʿٳ˹
ȻһĹ
ƬֻҪһĹҲǴǿߵأĺöʤ
ΣһҪã
ЩʿԺܼ


790 ʬ
ɽѿɽ¶һʯţʿˡ
˳嵽طޱ˷ܵĶǰ·ǿɽ䱦
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյ첻ͣԽԽʿԶ
Щ˶˵зǷĹĴţһ;ۼ˹

ͰҲͷԣȻˡ
ȳȥ
ʵһģ
ʲô˽ȥ̽̽·

бһۣû˵ʲô
ǰɽ̮࣬ʯѾǳױ¶˳ϿӡŹֵ磬¹˸ŵĹԡ
ಣ
Ƭɽ䣬һʿɿĳǰ˹ȥֱͨʯš
ʱ䣬¡һӿͬɽ鱩㣬ֱӽɣһҽжǱǹŨѪң̫ʿҲ˴ѣֺʱҽУҲǺܿڻ
⣡
ʿһĻŵɫһףæˡ
ԶһһĻҲЩݡ
򵥰ղųǰ˿һͨʿȻ˲佫һͨʿڻˣôĹˣҲ漶𡣡

ҲǰԵͷĲ²Ĳ²һģһǿߵĹѨܻôµУֱӽһͨɼʿڻ
ʯű򿪣ɫӿֱȥʮڱϡԼ䣬΢Ĺʯź˸

ʿʱһ
ʯźѾϡʱʿ֪ûΣգ٣ʱϡѾڻʿֱӳС
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
Щʿٶȶܿ죬дžâֱӳʯſȥ
ڣڳʯŵĹУЩʿַ˳ǰ˻ӳɱ⣬ʱʮ˵ڵأ
пᰡ
ֹ
ƲȡЦСǲǺˣ
С㣡
˵

һһߣֱֹȥʮǶǰ
ʱʯźѾûһУģҪ٣һƬعʮܱ䡣
Сӣῴأ·
ʵ
쵱޵ǵĹῴĹ򣡡
Ʋ죺
գѡһǰȥ
Ĺطǳر𣬾һɽ֮ڣڳһعģУĿԵЩ࣬˺ܲ
һû߳ãŵѪζмʬ嵹ڵϣ˫ĿţͬǿʲôޱȿµĶ
Ǹղų뵽ʿ඼ˣ϶а

˶ͷһ⣬ûĽ͡
һ̣Ǹոһǰɭɭͫһͷ˹֯ޱɭϢ߻ʺѪҺ
ವһͷ˻תۼһǰ
һǲ⣬Ųû˿ͣ١ǰ·ƫͷ࿪Ĺ漴̧֣һƽ֮ĵķ飬ͷҲصļǰȥ
ܿ죬һ߳ԶȺһЩаǱ׵նɱڵء
úǰһƬһƬͬǿհĹǰ֯ž˵ɱϢһ΢ݡ
ɱĹȻﲼȶЩ鷳

ǰرƽ֯Щƹһɱ򣬽֯Ϣܾˡ
е̾С

Բ򿴿
˵
ͷƬɱ򣬸жоâ˸
ڱĹĵɱǰ˵ĵ̣ǡ
Щԡ
ɱǰһվʱ
ʱȺ³һǿ˲٣Ȼá
˰ɣ
ʵ
ͷƬɱһЩջ
ôͷȥɣɱɲ򵥣߱˽У˲ͻᱻĨɱҪǣɱ澳ϵ˲£ǿ˶·޷ȵɱдйȥǵԼ·

ﶢۣС㣬̫Сˡ
˵ţ˵һֱӽ̫
һʱ䣬ǹ˸³ֱ뵽ɱУȻ˹ȥɱ˿Ӱ쵽
ۣ漴̾ǲһ㣬ͨɼѣȻ߹ǿµĵɱ򡣡ⷽɱȻûǿߴ߶Զ޷ӳܣȴҲǷǳ£ǿҲᱻĵ飬ɰȴôɵ˹ȥ
û˵ʲô𣬳ǰ粽
һ¡
С
󣬱Դ߹ȥˣûҪſֻͼ
ɨ죬û˵ʲôɱ
һ˼ߣԽԽ䣬Щˡ
߳ԶǰһĨѪ⣬ϵһۼףѪɫһɷǳϢ֯ϣ춼Ϊ֮ݡߵǰֻ֮оѪɫۼ׷·Ǽغһ㣬ֿ춼Ҫˡ
Ϣۼסôʬ޵ģ
ֹ
ʬޣ
˶Ȼʬ޲˽⡣
ʬޣֻмǿߵĴĹвп֣ܳרųʬͳԹȡ˶٣˵ǣǿɱʬֻʬ͹ʻѪϲǾԵޣ׺ݶˣҲܿȴǿߡүһĹⶫײеĺܣʮʿҧˣͷӶʣ
ô
ۡ
ʮǿߣͷӶʣ
ʱ߹ĲͻȻһ׺ݿ񱩵ϢԻһͷ鲼Ѫ۵飬ֻۣǣ೤Ϣ塣
˽Աɫͷǵ۹Ǹов
̵ģʬޣƿڴ˽еŸʲôϽģܰ
˻عûԥֱӳԶߡ
ǵһμʬޣֻоԷϵϢ̫̫׺ˣǿڵǣǶһľĸо
䣡
Ѫȵɷ纣˷ӿʬֻͫױ̹ǣâ׷
һʱ䣬Ϊ֮
Ҳܿȴ죡澳£˭˶ñ̵Сٶȿһ㣡ſͷϴߴ٣ͬʱһƵӣǰһĹһͷʬޣү׷ѾĴӶݣ񡭡Ƿˮת


791 Դ
ЩⶼʲôʱˣȻȥǰ
ǚiٶȷǳ죬Ͱһȥ
䣡
ѪɷϢӿʬ޵ͺֻͫ׶ˣɿ׷һٶǺܿ죬Ѫȵɷ˽Ǽ΢
쳯ۣ߶콣𶯣նһ貵콣
ﬣ
ٶȺܿ죬ʬϣһǻ֮⣬ֻնһ΢ۡ
ǵۣСʲô
׷ǣԼ׷ٶȡ

ֱӷۣүᷢģҪǷٶȻø죬ֱӾͻһ࣬ƨٶȡ
ʱ㲻˵
䣡
󷽣ѪɷϢԱøǿʢˣʬֻ۶죬׶ĹøŨٶȹһ࣬ͬһѪɫ糯˹
ֻоˣһ꺮ѹ˹඼ֲ¡
ܰܰܰ
е
Ȼòߴ٣ٶȱø죬׼Ҳһ١
ʬ޷ٶԸӾˣҪˣԽԽ£ѪȵɷѹһѪĺڷڣƺҪһжɵ
񱼣ԽǰͱԽӿ
䣡
ʬ޻Ѫ۷⣬ѪɷϢǿ˼֣ٶҲǱøˡ
쳯ָۣ⽣â£漴뵽ܻޱøףֻɢȥ⣬ֻǰ塣
ģŲԽԽҲǱԽԽ䣬ζǸŨˡǰһɽ߰ĵطһţһ⡣
öùǣ

ֱɫһ߾ߵĿݹǣһЩɫļ׳ڵš
ʬ׷ʱǺֹס˽Ųֻ۶ǰ˸һɵĹâûٿǰ
ںǰ
춯ݡ

ʬޣȻҲǲˡ
ʬ޶ǰ漴ƫͷȥĿֻϣ׺
Сӣǵˡ
ֻĵ
ðߣ뽫ץʬ޶ȥ
һǰȻҲǾǰЩ꣬˿ʬں棬Ȼܻطˣֻüǰȥ
ʬ޶һ죬ͺһ뵽ĺڰ֮С
ˣ
ʵ
쳯ȥʶһɨˡ
ԷϢѾȫоˣѾ뿪طԶ
߰ԴСӣûʲô£ΪˣȻ׷Ȼаʬ׷ֱʬ׷ǵùɨȥˡ
Թ
ٷϻˣ

Ʋ죬Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
ǰɽߺܴ󣬽֯ǳ࣬һ߾߿ݹǣЩѾˣֻʣͷڵϣкɫȶͷ
ӣɵק䡣
ȻΪ壬ΪսǿվŮӣЩеִ
һǰУúŲ΢٣ɫ䷢һŹײģҲ֪˶꣬׸ѾǶѻ˲ٳ
ôôײģ
ʵ
СطĹĹٶĹײģҲ쾭¡

бһۣû˵ʲô
ǰУųڴ˴ĹײĲ٣ʮڣֱߵǰʱͻȻֹס˽ŲǰһڹײĲ֪ʲôʱˣһЩɫëҹײ߻ڵצۣ֯һɱ̹ǵϢ
һʱǶݣоһ
ֹײʬ壬ܳȥˡ
ô˵ĿЩǶڹײģӹײצϵĺоȥȺĶԲ򵥣ʵܿ¡
Ͻ뿪

طĿǳ࣬һɶ˺ܲûطǰŲøЩǰȻ߹ط
Źְֹ߹ȫû°ʬڼɵʲô
˶ûдǰȥ
߸ӿˣú߳˲ķΧǰĿռЩһʯ̨ǰΰߴơȥԼԿһߴӰϣɢһļµĲһɱ֮⡣
ǣ
˶Ծ
ûңϢн֯һƽɫ⣬ɫ֮ǰǿڴ򿪵ĹײצϽ֯Ϣһģһ
ôһ˵׼úǶݡ
°ͣ
°ͣ
°ͣ
ʱǰҰڿʳͷ㡣
̨ϣǵߴӰת⽻֯Żããһ˵ֱۣǱѪһ졣
ƿڴҸɣһͷ̬ϻ

̨ϣߴӰһЦӵŵֱۣͬȰ㳯
ߴӰȻһаʬǴ֮ǰǿƿĹײܳͷݻƣͫװݣݲβ뵫ȴǺܷǶȥĵһ㣬ļ¡
ٶȷǳ죬ʬй֮޲תۼһǰ
˱ɫ֡
˵һֱӽ̫Ӱǰ
¡
֯ֶ¡
Ҳûгɣϼֻͼǰѹ¡
һʱ䣬ݺᣬطĿռһŤֽһ㡣

аʬɭɭЦѹ£ȴǲ˵һһֻжԱĳٻȴҲûгٻ̫࣬һɱ˹
ɫΪչȴȻȫ޷κаʬ
ߣ
˵
ͰǿһֱӱܿаʬŸԶȥ
ģ׵ıͷʬҪѹʬ֮ǰɵ
ֹ
˶ǰģ֪гԶǰĲҽ
ǷɿһתǣֻǰȺаҲǲ٣ڷɱ뵽طʿУһͷ鲼Ѫ۵ں壬Ϣ׿ڹɱŵʿһЩ

ҽ̶һͨʿֱӱֱҧӡ
ǸղŵʬޣȻܵطˣ
ۡ
ȻҲǶݣⶫǺܿ£ȻҲܵס
ҲʱڳʬƺҲǷһ̧ͷ˹ֻе˵ĹâˣĿϣһͺ𣬻һѪɫ˳˹;Ҳ֪ײ˶ʿ
ģ͹ǰжޣǵùߵģ

ȴǺһƾâãȥԴ򣡡
ſͷͰ漴Ų֮аʬʬ˵ǰһ˲䣬Լٶࡣ
飡
һ죬аʬʬ޾ֱײһ


792 ǵĵȽϴ
аʬʬ޶˿ԷңȻǿǻȴȻߣٱҪ̫࣬ϵ˻ͻȻȥײһǿĹǺݺݵ¡
аʬŭһֽУֱӽʬץס絶͵ҧȥ
꣡
ѪˮʬްӲ㱻ҧϣѪˮѪɫۼ׵
ʬԭаʬЩɵ˺Ȼֱӷ񣬷һֻ۳ɱ⣬аʬаʬĹ嶴
һʱ䣬аʬʬ˺һȫһʱʱ
ȥǸط汻˺һƬһƬʬɷʴˡ
£
ӡ
ò˵аʬʬ޶ǿֲĺܣһĴʿǶ֣ǶսͰǿ˶ɵݡ
Сӣֶ治

С
Ц
ǰʿܶ࣬ҲǳȺʱʱĲҽ
۵һһճڵʿһǿţץ˳뵽пҧѪˮ˳£ˡ
ʲô
ŭһʿͻȻԱһǿǰƣһͷõʬһץסͷ­ֱ顣ǿ߳˳ȥ
̡
С
ſͷƬ磬ңɱ¾̺ѪȣƬĴʡһںı飬ȻĳѾ˾ռߡ
Զͺ𣬹øǿаʬʬ޶սĸˡ
ϽģԶ㣡ҪͷһԸǣǾͲˣ

ͷûж粽Զȥ
ǰĿռǳѲǵһʿܶ࣬Ҳǲ٣˿ʱסǣʮͷ˹
˶⣬âֱ֯ӳǰ粽ӭʮǱ˸顣
һѡ
ֹ
ʱȡЦż̧Լ·ջˡ
Աߴһͺһͷа̽õĹץ졣
ſͷϣצӼ仮һ⣬֮ķ顣
СӣүһǵԺҪúñү
˵

³ôһ֣˵䡰үڵʵȲεа͸һվŲöԷ򣬶ԷҲ˲һƤë
˲Ӳ㻺Ҳ죬Ĺȫն飬ú߳˺ԶĹĸλȥģǰĿռøһǳĵطһɽ꣬ԲаɣѾʿС
䣡
һ˵ܲһߵǰֻвʿ棬Ѿʮʬ壬Ǳնͷ­Ǳᴩ࣬Ǳضϡ
ѪζƮⷽռͬʱҲһҩһʱĿȥطŲٱҩԶܾˣҲЩҩʿᣬʿΪ˶һ걦ҩ֣Ȼ

ҽ˸ץһ걦ҩûü𣬱ǱһնֱۣʺѪˮڿУҩҲǱ˶˹ȥ
˲û⣬طѰǷֵǲժ䱦ҩ
㣡
ʱһϬɱֱն˹
˱ܿɱ⣬˳ɱնķȥֻԶʮվһ𣬸ж׹⣬סǡ
ʮеʮˣ
Ϊ׵ˣʮ
Ҫ
طʿǶݣ˸һȺʿǵһʱԶ˳ȥ±ΪԼ˺ʲôϵ
ʮӶˣһƹȥǰɽ佫ʮĩĺǧն鴫ʮ׶С
㣬ӲС
һɭȻĶ졣
ɨʮһۣ˴ͨɾأ˴ڰ벽
һôڡֲֹһ䣺ǵĵȽϴ󡣡
ܣȺ𾪣붢
Ůôô˵
ǿǻʮеʮˣ˴ͨɾ죬˴ڰ벽ǺһȻһĴǿ߶Ҫüͷοʮʱ¶ϴ϶ɶĴڣȻ㡭
⡭𣡡
ҡͷ
ʮУڵ˻Ȼƫͷס˰
Ůˣ
˴ͨɾ죬ֱһƳ
Ҳʱһһâͬʱ쵽£ת۳ǰ
۵һըΨйͷڵϡ
Ͱ໥ԷԺ
⡭
ղӣǻʮеϾţȻȻһ㱻
ˣáǿ
ȺͰɫ
棬ŸҲǶݣĿڰϣж˾ɫ
ֻգۼѣȾɫ˶
˼ܲ
ʮеϰ˺ԵЩ׿
ǿվֻ˶ѣʲô˳һɷȻɱǣǵС
仰ȻǶ˵ģʱ䣬ȫվӿͬʱͷųɱ⣬ͰһС
ǣ
ˣҪһ֣
벽ǿ߾а
ʿɫ
ʿȫˣʱ򣬶ǲټطŵıҩˣ±֮ս
ɱ
Уڣ˳Źɱ⾶ֱʮɱͰͬʱҲС
ĸͨɾأ벽Ȳζѣ֪ڇNɪʲô
̾Ϣ
ߵˣĸǺǵģ߳ȥһ˶ܾ춯أԵʮ벽ǿ߸ƵģȻܲҪˣǴŰ
Ͱǰ콣â֯ɫâԻ
ﬣ
䣡
ֻվŲͬһâһ׹һκǰɱ⡣
󣬽â׹Ʋǰȥ
ۣ
ۣ
УըѪâ֯
һĻŻ˲ˣȫסˡպյĻʮףȻתۼ䱻ǰնˣңһ㱻˻ɱ
ˣǡ˭ǰû˵ôôǿ󣿣
Ǵ²Լ˵ǿ
ԣǵΪ񶼲ﵽ벽ΣǴӵԼƬģ
ľ
ʱ򣬹ͰͣɫǱ˼֡
ʲôˣʲô
һ˵ͳΪʮе壬ڰ벽Σͬж֡
ʱ򣬼˶ǸоͰĿ£̫ǿˣ
ϻࡣ

ŲһΣתۼǰһ¡


793 ˵
ٶȺܿ죬ѹµĴֳʻƽɫת䵽ʮеͷ
ɫһƵٳˣȴѾˡ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ֱӱĵķѣ飬
⣿
ʮе壬ˣ
壬Ǵڰ벽ΰ
һһ벽ǿߣ
ǳ޻ε𣿣
һʿ𺧡
ʮ˵ʮ˻ʣˣʱŭӣ˫۽Ǳˡ
㾹Ȼˣ
еҧŭʮף֮ǰɱʮǧ飬Ѿ˱նˣ

粻Źǣ
ߣ
⼸˾ɱȴǣͰܿ£ʱսϳˡ
һĻʹʿһƬ߱պĻʮףʮˣ
䣡
һɫѹռ䣬ϼ˵ǰ·
˶ɫ㡭
ɫƽ֯ǰһһɫ׵糯ǰѹ¡
׵ܿ죬ˣһֱ֣˸ǣֻһ̯ɫĻҽ˲ɵ뵹һʮףһˣ
ɨ˰һۣʮ˵ȥת
ЩҪɱǣȻôζԷȥ
ֻǻӶȭռ䶼·Ҫ˰㣬ѹʮе
Ѫɱ䣡
ʮеֵͨȴûãǿֱͨӱһȭҵķ飬󣬽ɫȭͷƲһǰĳ֮ѹȥ
۵һ˱飬Ѫˮķ
磡
ǣ
Ǹ
ʮ˵ʮ˻ʣˣʱŭ֡
˽ûӭսٶߡ
֯˲ǰɫױøӿЩһס顣ƫͷһߣһӣɫ۳һͷޣһװʮеն
춢ס˵Ļʮеˣǚiһֱӱ˹ȥ
ﬣ
гһ⽣Դ˴߶콣һһ˵ͷ­ն£ңæԶһնʱ䴫һɾ˵ҩ㡣
ȥһ겻С֥߰꣬֯ŵ㾧ӨĹ
ǣ
Ҷ֥Ҷ֥
Ҷֳ֥ҩ
طʿԼ
ʱ䣬ʿȫ˹ȥҶ֥
ıҩֵ
нɫ⽻֯صǚiһͬһɫ˹ȥתۼǳҶ֥ԣ֮ժС
⡭
ǰʿȫͣٶȣͬʱҲգһҩȻôױ˶˹ȥЩקȭͷвǿߣʱȴǶûиȥᣬʵղŵ̫ˣЩȻǳۺҶ֥ϾҪҪ֪ղſһȭ˸벽ǿߣɱͨɾʿҲһһ˭ȥеĶ
ʱһƿյ𣬻ʮ˵ʮУһ˳˱Ҷ֥һ˲䱬Ϊ˵ٶȣȰ㳯ȥ
Ҳʧȥͬζ
񶾣֪ԼҲӲˣҪǰɱ
ˣ
طʿɵýгǿ˳ʱ򣬰ȻˣΪȽԶ
ͰƫͷȥɫԵúƽû˿仯
αأûһǺǵġ
̾Ϣ
ʮʣµһ˴ڰ벽ΣѾǰ

н֯ɱ⣬ն
Ҳʱһ޴ӰԻ׼Ҵչֱһѹ£ɢѹԼɱ⣬ͬʱʮ˵һֱ顣
һ˲䣬ط˽Եɴ˫ۣüһ⡣
⣬⡭
һ벽ǿߣҲһͽԷ
ˡǹﲻɣ
ЩĲ
ƫͷȥι˵˭أ
ӭŰЩʿһͷ⿴ȥЩŮ˲ɱ벽ǿ߰ǡ
ʮףʮˣȫȫɱˡ
ʱ˲
Сȴ˶ˣʱ䣬һļ¡
ˡ
˶˵Ļʱֻʣ𺳡
ǿĻʮףʮǶȻգۼն˸һɶ
Щ˶죬Ͱֻо
Ҷ֥⣬ЩĹȻܲȻеõһҩһǿıҩⶫļֵνǾ˵ĺܣԼֵۣȻǧ龧Ȳ֥
ϾҩԪ
Ԫ޼۵Ķ
СĽҶ֥ͰһۣŰȥ
ˣ
ʱһԸĹɵò¡
طʶĶס䣬ܣ˶Ѫ
ǣ
ɫ
Ҳоâ˸
һ㣡ǳһ㣡

ֻһ£ȴǽ֯һ־˵ֻһͷ·Ҫ˵ꡣ
ǣ
رһر
ǣд
طһʿ˷ĳȥ
Сǣ壡ﶼǵģ

ûԥһ˦󲿷ʿĹĸȥ
ĹڵĿܸ࣬ԽȥԽţúǰеƮšɫһֲ︯úϢ֯С

ǰ֮ǰȥһȺʿɫǰһξ룬ʱͻȻҽУֱͦͦĵڵϳ鴤û˶ȻѾ
춯ݣжʱһĨâ
СЩж
˵
Ȼ˳â⽻֯ټ令ס
һɫдУúҲвҽȻʿҲѡ
ж
˽е
Щһǲ⣬ٶȺܿ죬úǴɫĶֻǰһɫĶǴ֦Ҷɢ
СЩʳ޾аľһ飬ͨ鲼綾һ̾ͻо綾ȻͨĴǿҲס
ѡ
ʱʳ֦ͻȻˣҡҷ죬ͬһ㣬ǰ·ͬʱһپ˹
춯ݣҲǶݣЩܾˣԿ׼벽ǿߡ
ᶯ
ۡ
˵ˣһ飬Ȼᶯ˵ģ



794 ·ͷԺڶ
һϯ켫Զǰ·ȫסˣͬʱɱһ
СЩǧҪ

֯ɫ׹ǰȥ֣һʱž졣Ȼ˾ȣЩɱ벽ǿߵףû˵ֺ
ʳܼܹͣһͨ޷
ֿڡ
㣬һ˵вУ

׼ҴҲ޷κЩܣıЩС
ǵɱЧΣ

ۣСӣү֪ܱ̬ʵϣ㵱ǰǿ˵뿿ǰӦǿģǣү˵ͨ嶼Ǿ綾־綾ǳ£ȻǴʿ
ಣ
Ļ˵꣬Ѿǳ˹ȥչͽֳǰץȥ
ӲɳСˣȻͽץʳ
ҲǶݣ΢΢ɫ
ҲʱѾǰֱץסһݺһϣһʱ䣬ЩϿһɫҺ壬ȫֱϡ
ۼ׶ģСӣ˵ⶾܿ£ǿմȾ϶ᱻתۼѪҺУֱ˵ţͻȻסˣֻЩֱϵɫ綾Һֱӻȥֱ۰ҲûУң϶ǚiʮʳ
ˣ
ۡ
ǿ߶סľ綾쾹ͨɰصΪȷе˵ûȥֵЩҺȫЩҺˡЩҺҲǰ˲죬ͬͨˮԴ㣬˿ҲûС
󷽣ȻǰΪ֮ݡ
һ忹ǿ󣡡
ﾪȡ
֪Զǿĵֿʶȴǲ룬ܶɱǿߵľ綾Ҳȫӡ



ʱνͨޱȣŵصǚiܿһͽֽһϣǿ߶ҪɵʳǰǿƵһͿתۼ佫ʳȫ˹⣬һȭȥ
䣡
ʳȻԼʶʱ춾Һڱ˸죬ŵͷϵӲɳ
Сӣ˰˰˰ô඾Һǿ˶Ҫùᱻģ
е
콫ͷץ£ֱ˦󷽵İԱߣƲĿǰĶҺǰУȭ貵Ľâݺһȭʳ֦ϡ
䣡
һ죬غҺɽ
Լ䣬һҽŵİﻨʧɫȻҲһ
һ̣һǰʳǱҵķѣɫĶҺʵһضǡ
ˣ
ظΪҽ췢ġ
ֱ˫ۣ衭Ǹ̬ͨɰѣȻȭͷ˻Ǿ綾ʳǡʵڲ֪ôˡ
ˣ߰ɡ
ת˵
ǰȥ
æϣһСȥ
һ·ȥĹ߳аĶв١һȻʲôа֣Ǳɾնɱ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
һʱ䣬һնа飬ǰеĸԶĹеĿҲǱø䣬նһͷǰǳһ޴ĺڶȥǰѾû·ڶǾͷֱԼʮңֱͨĹĵص¡
һĻһв죬ĹЩŹ֡
ಣಣಣ
ƿյһһ·ǽеаȫնˣɨ谭֮ʿ裬ʱ˸ϵ
⡭
Ҫͨصף
Ĺ
ȻЩҲǾЩ졣
ˣ
ʱ֮ǰٴĹһԺڶһš
ʱ䣬嵽طʿ¶˷֮ɫ
⣡
ر棡
һĹĹ餱ڶ֮£
һЩʿ
н֯âһǿ̽·Ƭ̺΢΢üʶû·ͬС뺣㣬ʲôҲû̽ѰϢʧˡ
ܹŹ֡
׼ú˵¡
̵̽ȥʶ
졣
ͷ
ô˵Ҳ̽һʶȥҲüһ㣬̽ȥһɵһɶ
棬򵥡
򵥡
һ·ڶڱԵͣ
ˣ
ʱٴ𣬺ڶ֮âұȸղŸӵЩ
ʱߵʿø˷ܡ
ر
˴е
漴һЩʿûסСƿһֱӳ˺ڶ֮¡
˵һ˳ǰʿûʲôûΪѳȥĵһʿӱǶʼǰ壬ԾǺڶС
תۼ䣬ߵطһȺʿȫȥգۼʧȥӰ
ȥ𣿡
ʵ
ۣߵˣȥԵһ·ն͹ǣôնǣȻͷȥֱΪ˿·ˡ
⻰˵ġͦе
ͷ
ûʲôӦȻ㣬˶ν
Ǿȥ

ΣҲǾ˵ейŹ֣ɼȻѾߵˣȻûпֶصĵǻԵ̫Ρ
һ¿ۣ΢΢ԾҲڶ¶ȥ

ߵķģЩ
һһ·½ܿʮȥѾǿˡʱ򣬿еҲǱøŨǽ뵽һѩԨ֮һ㡣
ʱһƬڣȻһΪɼҲǷǳֻͣܿԼڵĶʶʱѾȫûã̽ȥͲˡ
ܾĵģͻȻڣСӣû±קүβͣ
죺קү
ǰ׼Ѿͷ
ޣ˭ק㣡
һǴ˸ɵģ

ܻ谵һƬ߲ѣ̫۸ˣ㡭ӴȥүԴٶȱȽϿ죬һ̽צӣץסһֱֻ֣ӳǰүеġǰǰһ߸ߴʬ壬ͷݻƣͫװݣ߹Ѫ졣
ѽ
ŵĻۼ׶һֻצһƾ˹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ȥҲԼ俴ץסӰʱԱɫ
֮ǰͷаʬ
ﾪ
һʱֻͼ볯ǰѹ¡
һֱӽаʬ˳ȥ
ߣ

˵ٶͽȻ⳯źڶ·ȥһ۱ʮɡ
ȥǹȻѵ˵ʬޱǻˣ
ӡ


795 
һٶȶܿ죬û뵽ôʱ䣬֮ǰͷаʬȻ׷ǿǸΣյĴڣ٣ڵΪܵ˶Է
̣ȻקүβͣүԴֱ񡭡
߲ѣ˵ƺúĻܶӣû˵ȥ
ӹǶһ
ʱ߲ѣ@#׼ѾͷǴү
Ʋ죺Լôģֻ˵û˵Ļѡ

ˣңûֱһ㡣

ҡߣתһ룬ͻȻ⻰˵ĺȷʵЩô˵Ҳǲ
Ͻߣϻ
ڡ
˵ٶֿЩʱаʬ׷ں棬ȻһҲҴ⡣
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ã䵽˺ڶײ˵ϣһ˲ѣֻоǲ꺮һ㣬ŵײɵһ
治Ǹõط
ֹ
Ʋ죺Ĺ˴ĵطѣʲôõط
ڶµĿռڣһҰЩӰ죬ȴҲܸоĴµΣһܿ·һ·ȥ
ߡ

ȻѾˣֻôһ·Ȼֻ·ȥ
ǵٶȺܿ죬úǰԼѪζʬ·еͷ­ն£е౻ᴩ
ǱΪɱġ

켸˿һۣ붼룬ض֮ǰ·ʿ
ûطͣ·ǰߡ
°ͣ
°ͣ
°ͣ
߳ȥã·Ұҧͷ㣬ˡ
һ£аʬڿʳղŵϵǼʬ塣
ȻҲµˣû˵ʲôΨвӱøһЩ
úһ߳ȥԶʱǰĿռÿһЩʯɢҵķֲڵϣһƹƬռ䱻һЩ
˺Сģһ·ǰߣ䱸аʬΪʶʧȥã˳ڰɫƮܣԸ֪ϮΣ
˵үôýͻȻ;ЩۣЩƣˡ
ֹ
ҺҲָо
Ҳֹ
üǻһ΢⡣
ʱֵ˵аʬûи
ƻںйͷɡ

˵ٶһֱͦ죬һ·ǰУúܵĿռøӿҲøǰѾԿʿӰǰ񱼡ǰǿ˼ʬ壬ΪɱնΪΣһء
һ·ǰУúǰһ޴ʯңһھ޴ʯ餾Уɣϱ鲼磬еĹת
ʱѾһȺʿʯڣڹ餣¶˷֮ɫ
Ĺ餣
ʿС
ʱ䣬һȺʿȫʯ餳˹ȥ
ڶһʯңһھ޴ʯ餾УЩ˲Ҳ֪Ĺıһǲڹ֮ڣ
һʱ䣬ƿ֮ʿȫ˹ȥ

ҽЩʿ֮䷢˰Գ֣ǰɱ
㡭

ҵģ
һʱ䣬üΪﵽʯǰս
Щʿ棬пµɱ䵽ʯϣһ餻顣
ʱֹ⻪䣬졣
Ʒ
Ƶģ
ǣǡƷֹһ
һʿ
һʿȫˣ֣ץӹзɳı
Сӣ
е
Ȼûԥڵһʱ䶯
ವһٶȺܿ죬֯һڱץУΪһƷԱߣҲǶ֣ץסһ𽣣ҲһƷˡ
׼һͨץУһΪƷɵöվʿһ˲ﵽͨɾֵΪˡ
ö
˫۷
ȶûذ׼ȥھƾնٶͨɾǿߣð׼ҵʵ˲Ϣǿһأڰ׼ҶԣƷļֵҪǿһЩ
Ҳ֣ץסƷһıץȥץһЩ䱦Ǽֵ
Ĺǰͦ㣬ﻹ治٣

ʱ򣬲ҽʱʿΪᱦսȸղҪ̫ˣתۼʮ˶
ǚiٶȷǳ죬ץסһƷͬʱץסһЩ䱦ҲʱƫͷƵʯ״Ӷʱһ΢΢ЩɫʯУûмʬ壬ڣǷ۶ûп
йŹ֣
˵һ¡
һʱ䣬Ҳݣͣץᱦ
⡭
ʯ餴Ƭ̺ۣȻûмʬ壬ڣʬ帯ĹǷۺۼҲûС
⣡
򵥡
ߣ뿪
˵
ĹŨʬȹﶼ˳ĵĹǰΪһǿʬҲһ÷ĹУʱʯȴǲûĹʬ壬Ǳʶй죬һ޴壡
һûԥȫˣʯȥ
ʱЦһ߸ߴʬʯ⣬סһȥ·

ۼ׶̲סӣⶫǿµĺܡ
ʯУһʿڼеıɱͨʱʱ֯ע⵽ʲôŹֵĵط

ʯ⣬аʬЦ죬һ˹
һǴʧɫһɺ⡣
ˣ
ֱӽֻͼͬʱҲӭȥѹаʬ
ͰȻҲǿ¸Լâʢ
аʬǿɲ˿׾һʱǼǿֶΡ
䣡
ҲǶ֣ǣǿͨŵ򲨶
Ĺɱ£նɱ벽ǿߣаʬϺȴûʲôãֻĶԷ˼ѣû˿˺
ģүôƣЩ˲١

Ҳǡ
ֹ
һ

üʱҲͬĸо
ʵϣָоڽڶ֮º󲻾þˣʱͰҲᵽǸʱֻΪĹӰ죬ûô⣬ɴ˿ֻ̳ͼоֻͼҲ˲٣
н֯âŵ˸ɿûƬصף쿪ȥ
Ƭ̼ѣɫ΢䣺أ
أʲôʵչһͨƺƵѹаʬʩչ˳ˣ̵ģ


796 Ĺ
̧֣ԸոȡƷľ𽣻콣һʱ䣬ĽǣɳֱаʬüĶȥ
أȡһнеƾߣǽоѾڰбʱ뷨
˵
⻰׼üۡ
ʲô⣡һƵػ

нİ취𣿡
ȽϹһ㡣
ʱ򣬾ĵߣһһͷµаʬ״Ǻ⡣
Уϡ

زʲô˵ĴƣǱȽͨѲŵ˸ȺûһڣֱӸƬأڵٳš
һ˲ѣ׼úǸо˲١
ûټˡ

ô˵ţɫȴǺܲÿΪаʬڲͣǣɱĶΣնˣͬն
ȥ

콣ʩչǰļޣʶҲǹâʢޱŨ
Ͱｫͬʩչ׼ҵİƷ߶ʱչֳӰӲͬĽǶȳаʬѹȥ
ȻҲǳĴͨƷ߶Ŀռ俦졣
䣡
ĹɿֲĴںһ𣬼ֱͬǾκһ㣬ʮռ䡣

аʬЦʱƺøǿˣȿ͵Ĺ£ûбˣǻԵͨгһȥָ׺Ϳһ
ȥ
ۣۼ׶
ͬһʱ䣬طĴȻǾʯʿһЩʿǱɫ
ǣ
Ǿʬ塭ǡʲôʱðģ
ǼˣȻѹˣ
Щ˾ȡ
֮ǰʱ죬Щ˿ɶǼʶģɱ벽ǿߺնһ񣬼˺ȴȻвһ߹ʬ
һаʬСЩ£
⣬ǿ˹ƶղ
ǼסϽ뿪ҪȻ֮ѣ
Щʿļ¡
ʱ򣬴Ǿ޴еıＸѾһЩǿʿ˹ȥѾûʲôˣŵʿãʱôһͷµаʬЩȻټֱӳʯ塣
ӴȥȺС˵ǵ谭ˣ

˵⻰ȴִһͨɫһɫ쫷ϯǿľˡ

аʬЦɿݵצһ̧ɫ쫷˺ķ顣
Ҳʱʿʯ⣬̽һֻצӣһѽǰһץ˹ȥֱͷ­һҧסѪ⸭ࡣ
һȺʿһһĻŵɫҪ֪ղųǰĿһͨǿߣɾȻôһ˲Ǳаʬɱˡ
Ѫȣ

ᣬߣ

һٶȺܿ죬ֱӻĵʯ⡣

аʬ̧ͷȻһĶǷһͺ𣬳ɱȥʱⷽʯҺ𶯣һȦȦԻ鲼ڵصϺܵϣɢ貵ĹâֱӽⷽʯҸˡͬһʱ䣬аʬʬһɢĹâʯƸ
һʱ䣬ʿһԶɫ䡣
ҡҵôԼ⣿
ҡҵҲǣ
Ҳǣ⡭ô£
һʿԱɫ

ܿ죬˲ҽУѸٸɱȥת۳Ϊһ߸ʬ
ͬһʱ䣬׼úҲǶݣٵСӣֿʼʧˣңʧı֮ǰ죬үڳô£
н֯˿˿âײεĿʦʱϳʯƺаʬϵƣﱻӡĸ󡣡
ĸ󣿡ۣʲô⣡
ٽ߽ͣ״һаʯﲼµаʬϿӡµĸڶϣ໥ϣӶеϢȣȻٽ뵽ĸУӡĸá
Ȼ׼úɵ΢΢ɫ
ȵȣǰаʬʯͷаʬڿӡĸǾ˵ǰǸǿĿʦҡĹ
ôһ˵Ͱﶼݡ
ͷԵ£ӡĹôĸ󡣡
ǴĹײѵ֮ǰƲˣ

ӦǰϿ󣬽֮ڣԼǰһ̽ǿڹײӦҲƣԼȡ󣬱ʿᣬȡЩʿȡһʱἤϵ໥ŷӶеȣʹЩȥȽڡ
ڣŵΪʲôԼطǲ֪ԼҪʱ䣬ڻǰѰٵǾʲôûˣرȥԼҲȶɡͨײɺܰȫϾ˲ܻȥһͨײģǲûʲô塣ĸ󣬾ԶȻ棬ȡľҲܶɸ
ͷӦþ
ģ˻ôһӣ뿿˻ɣ

ʱаʬʯſڣɱʿŶأ貵ĹâܡֻתۼѣʮʿڷŶضȣǻһʬ
ԱڴˣаʬȴǱøߴЩ԰׸޵ƤҲǱóӯݵͫ׸Ǻ˲٣ڣһ֡
ǵҲڷɿţȸղֿ˼֣ǰȥô찡ô죡ֱУѵҪ
ʲô̲ĵ˾䣬ɨԱߵ죺ܻа취
ţ
Ͱﶼƫͷ˳ŰĿ죬ֻʱԼ佻֯ŵƹԣһҲżԵƽרע
ǰһСӣа취
ͷһ̿ڣˣ
ˣʲôˣү
ˣ
Ļ˵꣬ʯڱʱһתۼ鲼ܡ
Щһ˲䣬΢΢һڵȽǲٳţͬʱһɰ泯ӿʹ֮ǰŵȿʼɿĻָ


797 ׼
оڵȽǲţһڷɿĻָ׼úЩȡ
Сӣʲô
죬ǲ졣
ûʲôĶغٽشƣǱߵѡ

ôһ˵ȣȻǰ׼ҲǶݡ
ҲУȻ¸
ԡ
ͷ
֮ǰΪǵֻǱ̵ˣֻ뿪ȴطȻһ߽׼Ϊаʬǰ̣֮Ӷ˵ľΪãֶο˵ǺǿأطһϣԱаʬǿΪƿƿ߹žһ
ʱ޾ƣֱӽػƿ֮УһǿнӶȥȶȡͰ׼ԼڡڣתԶ֮ƽѾаʬڵȥЩʿҲӶ˹
ףûмˣ
⡭ģ
ȷʵûˣ
ʿϲ
аʬǰ̣аʬĶаʬǲȫ΢Ȼвƿ߹ž죬һǿѹȥʹʿȻƶ֮ƣҲֻǶȡаʬڵȣǲŵʿ
ʯſڱԵаʬĹҲԭӯļ˲ָɱȥұ֮ʼӵɿݡ
𣡡
ŭȻǲȫȴҲܸоҪĶ˸ˣһ˫̼ѪһƬ
ֱס죬оƺǱ˹ȥ
죬ɢž˵Хһ͹㳯ȥ
ˣ
ӣ𶯱ɫɨһɫ쫷磬н֯˿˿Ƶ΢
䣡
һߣͰҲһ֣ͬʱ׼Ұֹаʬ
һĹɱܾˣǳǿ󣬲аʬȴǲ󡣷ȥаʬһͨѪ죬ˡ

ǰһ
֮ǰʿȣ˿̴˿̣תشƽеȫǣһͷʮɳĻɫһݺݵĳаʬײȥ
תۼ䣬ֱӽаʬ֡
ʱĲҽдаʬдͬ鲣Ħ㣬˶Ĥۡ
⡭
ۡ
ղǶаʬ˰춼޼£һЧˣȻͷɱǿߵаʬҽС
ղţʯʮǿʿȥҽЩںϻΪһȻɱʮ㡣

ʯſڣаʬҽУǣûֱȼ
һʱ䣬ʯڻ˹
ᣬϽߣ

׼úȻϧᣬٴӽﳯʯ⼫ٳȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ʯʿǲͣһ塣
𣡡
аʬ淭аϢ񱩣һ΢Ļ֯˳
ͬʱ˵һһ˵𣬶ʱȺǺݺһƷڵأֱӿѪȥ
һҲһԺˣѪһ𶯵ȳһѪ
ˣ
һʿٴεڱǶѪģҡ
ңˣʯҶʼζһʯϷ׹ƺһطҪ̮˰㡣
һһ󣬱ԸԵĹžסɴ˿ȴЩ𵴣ͷ­ڷ˵졣
ģʲô
Ĳ
ǰаʬڻд𣬵Ļ࣬
һʱ䣬طͬǧǿˣҲŽҪѪĸоһʹʿңʱ˴Ƭмͨǿڡ
֮ǰ⡭⡭
һʿɫס
ǰаʬʼղϣֹȥ󣬿һʯһƿһͭ֯һ⡣ȥͭϿӡһɽͼͼϣҲƶȶԵЩģ
˵һͭ£аʬͷɢһɼΪ˵Ĳ
ʱ䣬ȺԱɫ
ǣ
ͫһ׼ҲǶݡ
ģһ׼
ƿڴͬʱ˫ڷ⣬Ͳˮˣһڸ¡
׼ܻɴһ׼֣Ҳ˵ľѾ޽ӽֻôһ˿ԶԶƷĪ⣡
ˣ
ͭٴηһȻ죬δ˿߶Ȼˣɢɿֲˣǿ˶Ƶĺˣ嶼ۡ
ˣҪ˵ʿȥѪˮʬʵһضǡ
˶аʬͷͭӣǿ־塣
𣡡
аʬͬҰްĻ潥ð
һˣǿͭӵ̫ڿֲˣֱĺ
ڴӦаʬǰıǣ̵ģȼıȻ£ﲢûбȶ˶Ѿˣҹȥôƾõ£ȻܳԶ۸ֱû

Щˣһ·ȴͻȻðһ׼аʬͷֱǱľ棬ûܵˡ
ʱȵҲɵüо˴в
ﶢǰҲһУаʬ׼ݣȥֵ
ʱطΨн֯âаʬͷͭӡ
ȥ
˵
׼úһΪɵˡ
СӣʲôڳȥǾȰӴ򹷣ȥ޻ء
̲סۡ
ǿɲһ춢ǰˣһƿпر
⻰һ׼úǰһ԰컹пرУȱ޵һ󣬿ͽֶ˵ı
СӣѾͽֶ˱ĵزˣ
ȡ
ûУҪȫһҲǴΪֻǿƿһ˿ѣҪͽֶ˱ѶȻȽϴ󡣡촫ʱһȷʵаʬǰûȴֻǿаʬǰֶڵľӡĻ£ҵǰƿصĿرĶأߺ϶ΪһӦÿԽ
аʬͷĴӣǾâ
һ׼ֵǾ˵úܣ


798 ʬ
Ļ׼úǶݣȷʵ׼ûб꣬ӦֻǿľӡںаʬĻȶ£رطĶشƣ֮ܽ
һĽ׼аʬûʲôвˣǼ˵߶׼ط߳ȥǾûκ⡣
Ǿ͸ɣСӣϣ
ǰ˫ۼâ
𣡡
аʬĻȼŶ˻𣬺޹ɣģҲԽԽ
н֯һƾâڵϺݺһ̤ʱ˸ǿ󣬽֮ǰͭʿٴλһͷʮɵĻһʱ쳤Хͬ˰㣬ʿ
ѹ££һʱ佫С
ˣ
԰׼úоâһֱӲǚiǰ
⶯˵ʯںԶһʿһȻֱӳ˹ȥЩ˶ѾǼʶаʬͿ£ʶǿͭӵĿ£ԿɱǿߣаʬͭӽϣǸֲ˿ȴ泯ǰ˹ȥ
⡭
һЩʿļ¡
׼úĶǰ죬ȴҲʱ̽䱸УΣգǺڵһʱ֡
໣
ɫʮɳʱڵаʬǰ
аʬ˫ѪĶŻɫڵ죬Ұް˹ȥͬʱͷͭǸź˵һ죬ƬռҶ
ƶݻĻɫʱһѺۣͬһʱ䣬ԼҲǺݺһ뱻һѪɫ壬ɫȴҲ˲ò԰Щֻо·Ҫˣһ׶ʹ
ҧƹܼɫһ𣬺ԣֱǳаʬͷĴӸһ£߽Բ֮ڡ
аʬʱ䷢ҽУͺˣ˿ֱĻɫûȻԳܡĲҽУͷĴٴηһʮ졣
ݺһһֻоอλѪ
еĹâȴǺǿʢԻɫѹаʬ˫ѱٶȿʼӡתر֮Ŵӣ֮Լ
ʱӲٺҲ
Ϸ
ǰһɵõͺ
ͰﶢǰҲоâ֯
𣡡
аʬʹаɷһһɢȥͷٴκһ˵
㱻ķɳȥѪҺֻоһѪҺӿϡ
һҧǿнѪȥر߶ĸǿʢĴһξҲͬһʱ䣬תʮɳĻɫѹаʬһƻаʬ⣬ͬľ̿
аʬҽУ壬ƤЩڻ׺ݵĶ졣
ǲȫҲ֪˭
𣡡
𣬾ڻɫһƹȥͬʱͷĴܲĺܾңȴǷһ
˵һɫ㵱飬֮壬Ҳָоʹ·Ҫɢ˰㡣
׼
ҧ
ӭаʬһ˸˵⡣
һ̣̫ľתޣʩչرͬʱӡҲչ˳һʱ䣬ͼգƺƵĳǰѹ˹ȥ
صͼѹӣҲѹаʬǳ֮䣬ʩʩȻתԴǿиͭӺаʬ֮ĸӦ
ˣ
ͭӾҵĲһ̣ͼаʬ֮䣬ľӡаʬĹʹƶʱ併֮ࡣ
аʬԴȻһΪͭӲڴ߶ֻĸŶѣ˿̣ͼҲǲ⣬ֻĶ졣
Σɡ
ǲȫȻҪöԸһЩ

аʬԿ׽˿̼ͼ˺飬аʬ΢ֻ֪Ҫɱ죡Ǹʩľѱ

ͳ
˵һҲƺƵѹǰȥ˶
󣬻ĺڰɫ꣬⽻֯ΧУر߶۷壬ԼһԼı쳹ܡ
ת߶ɫѹаʬ˿̽رʩչ£ȴ֮ͻһУ뵽ӽǰεĿر֮֮֡
𣡡
аʬɷϢ֯ʹͭǷһȴ΢̫ࡣ
Ŀر֮ŴӣһʶУĿѪݺһʹİ׼úǱɫеĹâøǿңһͼͻͬʱаʬѹȥ
䣡
һξ˵ĹͼӡЩаʬͶſãһ˿а߶ĻɫǿֱаʬˣĻ潫֮ûʱ֮ĲҽС
˲ҽУʿٴĲ

Щ˶죬һʱȫ˵Ȼһشаʬ
Ҳʱǰн֯Ϊ貵Ĺâ
һ̣аʬɫûԿر֮ȫȫ˴ӣѰаʬǰϵľӡŹ
飡
ͺһر֮֯ʶݺݻƾӡһҵĹâаʬٴηҽС֮ڵľӡΪаʬǰˣӡ飬֮ĻʹЩɡ
ˣ˻˰㱼ܣɱ졣
ģҪսˣôͣ

Ͱﶢǰʱǲɵǰһ׼졣
Ҳʱ˵һһǿͭӺֱ£ݺײаʬĹϣʱͬ˰㽫֮Ʒ˳ȥ
һɲǣʿٴαɫ
⡭
ǿڴӣ֮ǰǻаʬô
Ȼʼаʬˣ
ʿ𾪡
ͰͬʱֹסŲһĨâ¶ϲɫ
㶨ˣ
ۡ
ʱһǰͭʩʩȻͷ
Ȼ㶨ˣ
ɵýе̲סЦ
һ׼Ǳǿж˹
ǿڴӣôᡭ
ƿˣ
ôܣʲô
ЩʿԴ󾪡
ȾѪƫͷ׼úЦ
׼ĴӣվǱ˹
СӣɵƯ
ӭȥ˫۷ŹĶͷϵĴӣҪһƵġ
ͰҲȥ붢ͭӣо˸ǿơ
Ʒǿ˶ʮ



799 ʮǿ
׼ﵽĲΣȴҲ˵ķΧԶƷǿ󡣰׼úڱӣһ̾оâ֯
֡

ϵıнۣ֯Сųߵɱ仯Сӷŵǰȷʵ濴壬Ϊϵ׭֡ɽ
лһĨ΢⣺ɽӡ
ʯڣʿɴ˫ǰһĻľ𺳣Ҳмʡ
һ׼Ȼ
קȭͷ
Щ˶ǰͭӣȥȴѹûǸӣ
𣡡
ХԶȥаʬվļƤ챻սˣаɷ˲٣˫ȴǸѪЩĶ졣
һֱֱ죬һɫ磬ˡ
ģճ˻ôͣ
ӡ
аʬԵޱ壬ʱ͵Ұ޻ҪʮϢǺˣȻͨĴǿҲ֮ɵ
ڲˣʲôˡ

һɽӶʱŴ󣬺Ƶ׼ֱ֮ǰӭȥ
һаʬֱӱķɣȥʮԶ
ʯʿһĻһڴ̫ǿˣаʬ׻ɱͨĴǿߣƿ˴Ӻаʬֱû˰в
׼ǿ
˫۷Ź⡣
Ȼ뿪

ͷڴӣٽĶأɱԷˡ
ŵӣɢסаʬȫ߶ɽӳǰѹȥʱ䣬ӷ˵һ죬ռ䶼ڴ𶯣аʬٴαĺɣ۵һһֱ۶ɽ֮ը֧顣
һҰް㷢裬˫۱øѪ죬Ŷ۳졣
治һǿ׼϶һȻû

¡

ر̫ľҲתĸ죬ʹɽӷҫ۵⡣
ûо˵һΣɽٴηŴֱӽаʬУһʱ䣬֮ϣɽӡͼƵȫʱͬ㡣
ЩɽӡͼƷâͭڶʱĲҽ
аʬ˻ƺײӱڣ˵죬˶Ĥʹ
ǲϵͼƿӡȻܹ

ˣ
ͭӴ죬طĿռ𶯣һʯ¡
һ֣
˵
аʬȷʵЩ£ȴǿˣȻп׼Ҳɱ
˿ƿ׼ԼȻɱаʬȴҪķѲʱ䣬ʱȻʺôΪǼаʬġ
׼úȻҲһ㣬֣ӿǰ
䣡
һһ߶׼ʱڴɢ˵ĹһɸΪֲϢɢӱϵ޵ƺҪɳ˰㣬Եúˡ
аʬڣʱĲҽУ󷴿ķҲǱԽԽ
ˣ
ͭϣɽӡͼƵȵĹâԽ貣ܶûˡ
תۼ䣬ʮȥ
ʱѾûаʬĲҽаϢҲʧ˸ɾ
ˡ

׼úջԼ΢ɽӸء
ֻһ̯ŧѪаʬĹʧһɶ
Ĩɱˡ
˵
׼ǿˣ

ʱʯڵһȺʿǵۣǰµһ̯ŧѪɵõ˿ֻоһɺӽŵ״ܵͷȥ
ǿµаʬȻôǸɵˡ
⡭
ǿ׼Ȼɱаʬǡ
Щʿļ¡

һ촫طиʯ£ϸһѺۡ
Ϊ׼ͭ𶯵ĹϵѾ֧Ų̫ãܿҪ̮ˣϽ뿪
ͷɽϴʶӡ֮뵽ʶС
ߣ
˵
һٶȶܿ죬תۼʮɣʱ·ȥ
ʯʿȻżһ־־壬̵ľʹ˳ǰȥطҪ̮ˣȻͨǿҲñ
һȣܿʱĶڵײڿնȥúǳϲĹ
ߣȥ
˾䡣
׼úͷĹȥ
ʱѾûмͣļֵ
Ĺܿ߳˼ԶҲʱݺݵĲ£·Ƿ˴һ㡣
Ǹطòˡ

켸ҡҡͷûȥ⣬ٶȲú߳˴Ĺ
һʱ䣬û˴Ĺָζ


Ĺ⣬ƬɽֲȻܺá
첻ɵһЦһνĹջǴľˣȡһıҩƷҪǣᵽһ׼
һ׼ֵ̫ˣ
ѹϲʿػǹˡ
̾
ģ˵ˣƬһƬҵأͬʱҲһƬ޴ı򡣡

￪ڣ˫۷ǼȥĹڰɣ
õöɵֵҲǾ˵ĺܣԼһء
ɸҲǿԵһǵȥĹ
ۡ
ҲȥǿߵۼҲŴá

һ뿪ĹķΧƬɽУһ࣬ȴûٷʲôرĵط;ܶǿޣ벽Ķ١
úһ뿪ƬɽķΧճŸԶһЩλȥ
Ϊв򣬵ͻԵλþͷǳ㣬ܱأǿѰң˵ڳһء

նУתۼʱȥ߳˺Զ
УǰУ˿˸ʿ棬Ҷпᡣ
Щ˶⣬Ȼϰߣɨܣƽ
úֿһɽһƬɫϣŵͽС
طûʲôʿЩֻżҰ޵Ľ
䣡
䣡
ʱԶͻȻǿо˵ĵ򲨶֯С
գۼѣӰԶ˹ɭһˡ
⼸ֻɱʮһֵܣ
һɭȻ
˳ϰǿͬһޣɢѪޱȾˡ
һһۣʱʲôݣһ֪ǻʮеϴ϶
ǣ
һ˿ڣз׹⡣
˴һĺɫսףΪʮе϶ڴһ졣ͻʮеϴʮһֵܱȫնɱһ֪ʮһУʱһʱ׷ˡ
ʱֱӶˣּ̧׹˺Ѳ񷣬һͬʱ¡


800 ʯ
죬ѹ£嫵ѪͬһƬѪѹ˹Ǻˡ
ʮеĶͬԼԵǰû̫ķϻֱɱһ˵ĵ򲨶ķȫѹˡ
ǿ
һˣܿһơ
ʮһֵΪαɱ

ûʲôʵģֻǻʮɱˣûбɱǣҶǻʮ׶֣ɱʮһֵܣѴ̣ձ
˺ǰ粽򲨶ٴξ

һ죬ƬֱˣʵսԶǿͨĴʿ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮеͷҲˣɭȻһƬɱ⡣
ǰһǾûʲô˵ˡ
һûԥֱӽɽӳ
ڴһʱͬǺѹ䣬ֱӽʮǰ˼ɱȫ飬ͬһʱˣһζ
׼
˽Զݡ
漴һ̣̰֮ɫ˿ҲΡ
벻Ͼ񱦣ѹɱҵʮһֵܣ
ʮеһΪǿ׼ɱʮһˡ
ֱӣ׹⽻֯ɢǿϢɣ
䣡
âѪڣһͨȫʩΪץȥ
ңʮеһҲǶˣԴͨѹȥͭӡ
׼ã
Ҫˣⶼ
ҡͷ
иǴһƷ֮ɫԿر߶ɽӣ˵һ


죬˴Ĵͨ飬˸ǸԿѪɡ
ƾȼΪҲж׼
쳯ǰһ
׼ɽ΢΢һһʮ
ʮ׵һͶٴκɣֿȳһѪ
㡭
׼Ȼôǿ
ԶѵסΣɫǴ䣬Զ͹׼
һʱ䣬˵ɫ˲
ߣ
һͳ
ͷв԰׵ɫûаԥһֱӶߡ˺ǿֻһײ֪Լκβ˳׼졣
ҡͷղŲǻһʢ˵ģôôһо͵ͷܣǶˣʮأʮ˻ࡣ
ɫһֱƽû˵ʲô
ɵǣˣ
ܱ
Ȼܷ뿪ǚiһߵ
Ȼˣͱ뿪

׼ɽͷеĸ߲ʣͬһս
ʮеһͶɫ࣬УǶﺮ˵Ϊһ׼޵ˣȫʩΪ㲻ܰΣ
ȫʩΪҸǻᣬܷʲôˡ
ƽ
ˣüһĮӡ
˵ɫøѿ۹ǻʮݺƬѾܾãûм˲壬ǿ󣬽ԴڴΣһͨɼʿȻĮӵǣǸоһǿҵĳ衣
䣡
ͬʱ˵ܣ֯ʮһɾ˵Ĳϯ
ƺǿ΢΢ۣȴ⡣Ϊ׼
ɱ
ʮеϴȵɱʱ
˺ͶһۣͷŰ׼ó˹ȥһ̣ͻȻٶȿľˣȸղſһ࣬תۼǳڰ׼֮⣬̽ڱգ׼ø¡Ȼ֪ס׼죬Ҫץס׼Ϊв졣
ȻǿӴȥС˵һӻˮ
ͬʱߣŵصǚiһǰ
ٶȣǲУ
ĵ
һɽӹâʢֱӳӭϡ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ̽ĴֽǱѣ뷢һƺߣٴαɡ
н֯âһ֮ûͣ٣ǚiһڶǰ
ʮеʱɫ䣬ͷɽоˣ㡭
ûʲôĻֱӴ߶ɽѹ¡
۵һﵱķѡ
ಣ
һ˵ԶҪ
ɽٴѹ£Ѫ֡

ҽдֺͷŭ
üĹâ˸ѹ£ֱӽڵĶķ顣
϶
ʮеһ̲סдŭɫǾ塣
ǰüȥžۡ
˲ҲˣҪɱұɱˣһԭ򣬾ԲŹκһɱԼԼѵˣǻԵú޴
ﬣ
ɽӴ߶콣âϯ˻ģһ콣նһ
һȫ⣬ȴûʲôã׼߶콣ǰԵ̫԰ס
ۣ
Ѫըֱӱնķѡ
ĿƮ˵Ķϱϣϵһöʯȡ˹ֱ۸һǿߵʯ䣬Ķ˵ܾˣҲ̫
һתۼ壬ŭ졣
ң
ȡߵöʯ
һһڱꪱʶлΪһƷ֯˿˿Ѫâ
Ȼڱնˡ

˺ֱ졣
΢΢ۣɨ˳ֶʯ䣬ƺкܲĶ򲻻㼤
䣡
һɱ˹ڶΪƷƿνܺˣǿĵ򲨶ͬһ㳯ѹ˹
Ĺƺܿ£ǵ֮Իѡ˱ܣˣȴһ׼֣޾ȹ
ӭȹϣɽӹâʢݺѹ£һĴϡ
һһ죬һƷֱӱ˸ķѡ
㡭
飡
һ־ŭ³һ㡱֣Ƕʱ䱻ɽҳĺɡ
ɫԵõĮ飬ٴڴӴ߶콣һնžŰʮһ콣â˷ʮΪ׵һѹȥ

ҽֱӱնķ顣
üĴҡҷͼ£ն˵ꡣ
˵ոճӭͼһʱǸовס֣ҡ
ͣ
һ죬ͼѹ£ֱӽ˵
Զҡͷպʮףżȫˣҡ
Ȼô˵ôûһ֮ͬɫһҪЦӡ
бһۣƲƲ졣
콫ջأɽʶ׼úԱߣȡ֮ǰһʯ䣺ղ˳ִһнʯȡ˹֮˶ʱˣȥƺͦĶ


801 Դ
Ļ׼ú¶ɫеöʯ䡣
кܺõ䱦
ɡ
Ķȡ֪ˡ
˵
ͷһʯڵĶȫȡ˳ȫڽűߵĵϡ
һƷʮƿҩһЩϡҲûʲô

ҲѶĿһѶڵһŰֽϣĿ̻ͼơ
һ֣֮ȡ˹
ǣ
һʱ䶯ݡ
׼úȱ飬Ǵ˹еİֽҲǽ¶ɫ
ȥֽСĿ̻ණɽҲеȣңֱעܹŰֽϵͼݡ
ۣ⡭һԴټͼ
мֽϵͼģۼԶУеֺͼļ¼ʱ䳬߸£еȴſӡȥ⡭Ӧǻʮ׺ķʱѰ̽ĳԴȻµһЩϸ¼
ҲڿŰֽ˶٣ֽȷʵ¼һԴټֻһ·Χλò꣬Զ
и·Χ㹻ˣڴ·Χڣҳܼ򵥡
˵
ʱһ֮ǰΪνˣû뵽ȻһԴټͼҪ֪һԴļֵǷǳˣǿʥأΪһɾԴǺķʥصĴȥץ
ֽϿȥϼ¼ԴֻһͨԴǳɾԴǣȴҲһֵ޴ʮѰԴ󣬿ԼУڽɣңҲ֮ܽתϲһЩضҲܵõһʷĻر
ǻʲôϽģȥ
˫۷Ź⡣
ƿԴȣֱֵһԴĴ·Χض׽֮ѰһԴ֮УΪһܹٴãԼֱӴͨﵽͨɾ졣
߿ߣ
Ҳ
£콫ϵһѶֽϵȥ
úһһɽڣɽֲͦΣŨ
էһԴ۵ĵط

Űֽǰһ˺ܿ뵽ɽв
·ΧƬɽˡ
˵
ƬɽķΧǳԲٳǻʮ׷ֵԴΧûپϸȥ
ҿң
ߴ١
ӿн£΢΢һŵӣû֮¡ƿصܹ̽ѰһشƣѰԴǺܼ򵥣ʲô¡
վԭδΨнŵ׵ƿ죬ɢصɢ
ܿ죬ӹȥ
طѰ
˵
Ϊޣ޷ɢȥ̫Զط̽ƲѰʲôҪط
׼úȻԵͷѰԴȨȻġ
úһ˳һطתٴ̽Ѱ
תۣǰӹȥ
ٻط

ˣɽڣܿһ߸ط
߹ߴλˣСӣ㡣

ûŵ׵Ʊø貣ܺ·졣
ܿ죬ʮȥһĨâһĹ⡣
ҵˣ
˵ȴ΢΢ü
ﾪϲ˷ܣϽģȥ·Դ
һԴУ˶ܴá
£ȱ𼱡üƹ⽻֯˵ԴȷʵҵˣԴЩŹ֣кܶɱϢ֪ʲôɢġ
ܶɱϢػ飿

۳żػػ޴ڣڵڶĺһһͷǿػޣԴػȻҲпܡ
ͷٿ
ˣ
˫ֽӡƱøܼĳŵصӿȥڰ硣
ܿ죬ӹȥ
У塣
üЩŹ֣̽µص׺ֵܷصԴܸоһɹɱϢȴҲЩϢʲô
Աߣվţû˵ʲô
Ҳûпڣ²ô
˵ˣ㿴壬ǶҪȥһǿ϶ġЩϢڿûϵΣգҲôһ׼ǵʵһ׼ͨΣκβǡ
ԣҲǵ˵ͷ˵еȻѾԴǱضҪȥģܽΪЩϢʲôԴңһ׼ΣգӦҲֵܹס
߰ɣ·ǸҺ档
˵
£ƽ֯£콣ھֱͨµ
׼ú󣬺ȥסⱻ˲
Ѱ·콣ھҲæһʱʱ䣬һƬ㱻ƿ·¶һƬտռ䣬һ
һƬ޴ĵصܶ
ֹ
׼в죬ȻҲ΢΢ݣ֮ǰ̽ѰʱֻѰԴһɹɱĹϢȴǲûвȿռڡ
Ƭռǳ谵Զٴתܡ
ûãƬռԴϢ˵غԶͬһʱ䣬ҲٴθоԴܵıϢϧȴǿ嵽ʲô
Һ棬⣬СһЩ֮ǰҸоıϢƬռ
˵
׼úǵͷǰߡ
תѰмһ̽·λȥ
ĲӲ죬ƽǰС
ǰһƬڰ䣬һɫӰһţʱʹüͷһ
ղţʲô
ۣȻҲˡ
ֹûģ
ǰüâ֯
ҲüҪ֪ղǵɫӰӾǵλòԶҲʮңôľڣǼ˵ʵȻûܿԷǺ
ʱ˻ĽƫͷֻһɫӰ˲š
Сӣοû
ʵ
üҡͷûС
׼Ůأ
û
˸磿
û˼ȴҲǺԣȻûп塣
һʱ䣬طĿ·˲١
ģʲô

һ˶նɱ벽ǿߣжȴҲһҲûܿԷʲôӡ
ЩǼǰߡ
˵
һȥǰ̽·
תۣһ߳˴ԼԶ
ʱǰ⣬һӰģһߵĺڰС
һֱڽ䱸ţһ̣лâصǚiһֱ̧֣ӰӺڰץ˳


802 ħ
ۣҲǲ࣬ǱͻȻĶһ¡
н֯âһѽӰԺڰץأֻоּһһ֮ڵϣڶԷҪԾǰһŲȥ涼Щ
үʲô

׼ȻҲ˹Ӱ󣬸Լ䶼΢΢ݣ¶ɫ
뿴ȥӰ壬ȴûݣҲǷǳģ
ģѹָղζ壬ԭһƬģ衭

Ӱͺ¾ĺܣҪĽѳԵЩ塣ңһɼΪϢ֯һɷ
֮ǰӦԴܵıϢһģһ漴΢΢üеɷƺе⣬ǰʲôطо
Щ棬ɷһ𣿡
ۣСûʶвͬвͬɷȻһүٸӣһЩײеϻὥɷһЩȻаҲɷ߼ɷͻŴ𣬶˲
Ʋ죺ˡ
ӿɽ̡

ŰӰӰ͵һб飬һ̯ˮɢ
һɫ΢䣬Ϊ֮ݡ
ԺˮɣȻʵ塣

СʵȻ۶ɣʩʲôͨ
ôһʣͰü룬κɵҡͷ
͵ǰԣ֡
ǰСЩ

ʱ򣬼˶о˹Ź֮ȴҲǲܾôߵ
£һ˼ռȥ
ص׿ռܶܶ࣬ԵһƬ谵ǿˣҰҲܿԶԼҲܿҡ
ǰɫӰˣһΣǲǺţֱ˹
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһܼİӰ֯żΪϢ
צӣһķһʱоצӶҪˡ
ʲô

ӶâͰǸչӭİӰȫ顣
ЩӰϵϢǳ䣬ҴɷʵܿȰ벽ǿߡ
Ҫǣǵ̶ܶ࣬ʮѣѾ˴ԼʮͷһߣӭİӰøˣҲһٶͷ
ﬣ
Ӷ콣âüģһͷͷȰӰնɱڽ£ֻʣһɹɱϢڿС
СӣԴжԶ룿
ʵһצһӰ
ˡ

ͰԱû˵նɱӰ
һʵǿնɱ벽ǿ߷ǳ򵥣аӰ谭ȴʲôвĴ·£ģǰǿʢ
ˣ

һսǣǰɢ貹һͷԵصףҲ֪˳ȥԶȫɾɣ˵һͷ˵㡣
ԴԴ
˫۷Ź⡣
ҲǼжһƾâȻҲЩ𺳡
ԴûгɾԼǽУޡ
䣡
Ļ˵꣬һɰƱͻأֱ֣һ
ǰԴ֮ڣһ˫Ѫɫ֯ű䣬̺顣
ȥôɣԴɾˣ
һ
ͰҲǽ䱸Щ£ƺԽˡ
ԴдһߣһӰվ壬ȴкëԳ֯һɷһĨɭȻ
ۣԴɾǣи
֯Ҳ̫ԻǸо˴в
Ψϳͷ飬ɫʱһ䣺ħ
ôڣ׼ú
ߣ
ֱӺˡ
ʱ֪Լ֮ǰоһϤɷôˣԭǳħϣڵʱһͷħǳŨĵطǳǿǰͷħ漶ǿˡңʱǣͷħƺѾǿ֮ǰЩӰƺǳͷħ֣֮ЩӰ֮ϣкͷħһģһɷ
ħ˵Ȼĳ൱еˣսǷǳǿᡣһͷ澳ħҲֵܵˡ
׼úҲˣһǧһԴȴҲǸоǰǿᣬԲǶ֡
࡭㡭֪
ħд׹⣬ס죬ѾԿˣֻǲѡ
ವһͷħٶȺܿ죬졣
ʱ䣬һӿɷͬ˰ѹ
ҧֱӽɽӳ֮߶㣬ɨһɱ⡣
׼
ħڣһƽ׼ӵɱ顣
죬Ŀڰϣжʱ¶˷̰ܺ
һХɷŨˣŰȥ
ɫһ䣬ֱӽֻͼͬʱʶҲһͨѹħһ߳ˡ
һ߶ڴӣ
˵
ħŨƺǺ龻ȴʵȻǳ̣ϲŮΪʳԲŻСħȳν
ȻҲע⵽ͷħס˰ʱɫһֱӽʶ𣬳ħӭȥͬʱҲһ߶׼Ĵӡ
䣡
һʱ䣬׼âʢص׿ռ䶼Ϊ֮ζ
Ҳ𣬺嫵ӿ̫֮֯ǿ
ȻҲǶ֣ͨͬʱһ߶׼
ʱ䣬ӿȵ֣ͬһµ𣬺Ƶѹħ
ˣ

Ϊ˾ܽͷħôȻǲܵ£ܹӳط컯ˡ
׼ƼǿһͨҲɶ澳ħԣȴǵ㲻ʲôˣŰħֻһ¡
һеͨȫ飬һһԿѪ
Ƕû⣬ȫˣ㳯ʱ·ߡ
ݡӡ
ħ˫Ѫɷ죬һּƬˮԴİӰǧܵһȫϡ
ģղЩӰȻͷŪģ
ܼİӰͺһƬģγһ¶°ɫΧǽס·
俪
ҧ
һͬʱ߶ɽӣڱӹâʢת۱ǻٵӰ
û˿ɣһ߻ɱӰ·һ߿ٶߡ
ȻʱħȴѹһѪɷĿ񱩴ѹ˹
һת׼ӭӭѪɷײһһʱٴοѪ
̵ģǹƨʮ׸ˣطȻôһͷ֣
ƿڴ


803 Сһ
Ͱ׼ڿɵû˼ȥʱ򣬿澳ǿߵħѹǵɷ̫ˣңԷȻʩչ򵥵ͨݻİӰܣǺ˵·ȫסˡ
ǡҪΪʳġʳ
ħ˫Ѫ죬ﲻȴˡ
ҧ콣նƬˣһӰͻΧ
ͬʱ׼ɽʼձڼ˵ĺ߶£ӭѹħ
䣡
ǿ׼˳ħѹȥɱܼƬص׿ռ䲻ͣĻζ
Ȼȴãħֻһѹ£ɲǼɱ⡣
һ֮ܵٴοѪɫǱò԰
ǹչֻͨͼǿµȴһһԻâҫʮ
ħͺɷӯҰͬ񺣴˰㣬ת۽һĴȫ
ವһħٶȼ죬ȱץȥд̰а⡣

ȵ
ٶҲֱǰɫȭͷǺһС
һһȭȵħ̽Ĵϣħ΢΢һ¡ԼǺǱڵѿˣѪˮŵŵŵĺ
Сӷ˰ǿ漶֣Ȼ̬ܺ漶ֶԺ䣡
ٵͬʱһͨűħٴӭȥ
ħ𣬹ѹһС
һֻоĤҪˣһʹƺҪ˰㡣
ħһд̺аɭɭһЦٴα˹һԶתۼһǰ
һɫ߶׼֮貵Ĺâӭħ
һɷӿֱӱһУһ׼ɽҲǾҲ
ȣ
Ѫҡҡ׹Ϊľӡܴء
࡭
ħѪɷϢֱӽܣʱȻǵһץ졣
ɫžʹֻͼ
ԱߣͰҲ˫ӿӭǰȥ
ֻǣ漶ħ˵Ĺ̫ˣֱӱ飬򶼵ס

ħа⡣
Ĵϱ鲼źë
ҧк¶ɫ׼ʯзӡħǿ龧ˮȥ
ѽ
ʱһ΢ЩǸո˯ѵĺһ㡣
һΣ˶
ʱ䣬ѹħֱһǸоʲôµĶ㣬ͣһ̾ļɵ
ǸСһ﷢Ѿ߱ʶˣˣǡ˯ˣۣȣȻǵҲסˣ
׼΢ˢˢƫͷ죬ѽǴڴ
ҲǶݣǸСһȻ澳ħ£
ѽ
ٴδǸС㡣
ЩɰܺȻħȴǺ̶ܴ̲סһ
֪ڵöСһ﷢Ҳ֪Сһܲһ㣬ʱ׿ħҲŵ㣬ɫǸŨ˼֡
ܿ죬ǿ¶һĨЦɿ󣬺еСһ˯ˣ㸸ױǺë۸ˣѪˣ
⻰ûһͷˤڵϣ쵰å˵ʲô
üֵֹģ졣
ϺܲһŽ߷ɡ
ʱ֮ѽͣúܰƺСһڿʲôƵģһ̣츹һŹٳʥ財
ѽ
֮ǰͬȴǴߵ
һ˵Ĺâ츹̼ܣһ˲䣬һⲨɢΪģѪɫϽȸգغδ֣ƺƵӿ
һɫǱһĻסˡ
⡭
һ𺳣ȳδֲ̫ˡ
ԶŵۻʵƣҲҲ˰ɣСһû
ۼ׶
棬澳ħͬǼؼµĶ㣬̼䱻ֻһĲҽУֱӻһѪɫ糯Զߡ
һ̣ٶȿ쵽㣬Դˣһ˲ӵûӰˡˣܼܵӰˢˢը͵ķ飬һ̯̯ˮ
ѽ
ߵٴδСһǺ
춼ס˼֮ɫ
ڣСһﵱǳԤϣ̫Ƿˣ
ͰﶢҲݡ
СһǴһߵƺǼħˣǱðЩ±ýͬһʱ䣬ϵһµҲʧˣٴ谵С
ۣĶĸʵǱСһﾪĹǺ
һ̣˿ΪħˣƺѾӳƬص׿ռ䣬һǳװȫˡ
죬Сʵղţʲô
뿪ڣֱӸɿΪûΣգһʱַСӻı
ž
໡С㣡
һķɣײԶһϣǶ˽ȥ
֮ǰڵõһö
򵥽񵰵ºͰ׼˵¡
죺Ҫ
̧־һ£ʲô᲻˵
űõĶͷƲС죬ĿȴֱֱĶĸ
ǵСһȥ찡
С
Աߣû˵ʲôеľβ˵ģҲĸ
ɿԼĶӣлиˣίʵǺΡ
ħѾȫӳЩӰҲˣȥԴ
˵
Զ·ɻأ⻰ʱ˫۷Ź⣺ԶԶԣϽԴ£
һ˵ͷ³λȥУΪħܻ;طһƣֻҪħһ֣ȻźԶҲڵһʱ䷢֡
ܿ죬³ԴǰٴθܵǺʱֻվԴǰ͸оë׶Ҫſһ㡣
ߣȥ

䣬һֱӿ뵽ǰԴ֮ڡһʱ䣬һޱŨޱȴʹ·뵽Ȫа㣬˵ʡ
ˬ
뵽Уֱӽг
Ͱߵ棬жй
磬ǵҪƿأ
ʰ
⻰ҲǲɵǶ֪ڲһһֱڿѹƾ硣
ˣԴĲǵӦýվܳƿء



804 ͨɾ
ŰĻ쵹ûжʲô˾䡰󣬱Դϥ¡Ȼ͵Ȳˣ໵һֱķ
үҪµ۷壡
С
бһۣûд
𺿣Сְл

ƲƲ죬ЩݣҲͲٿڣͶС
Ͱһλ£תžķ΢΢ۣе΢⸡֣ŨԴ֯ڣͨ
ɨܣҲ΢˫ۣ̫ľʱת
ˣ
ɫһʱ両֣ȥ·ǻƽİ㡣
ʱطԴƺƵĳӿȥ
ԴѾħ˲٣໹ʣһԴ
е
˿ԴڣȻǸӦԴŴȱݡ
ҡҡͷǲû⣬һԴҲˣ㹻ǽһС̨׵Ϊࡣ
ת̫ľԴ֮壬ͬǰһ㣬ǡ
ˣ
УĽâʱøЩ
ʵϣѾܴҲ㹻ǿһĴǿ߶֮ϣⲢòټϾͨɾͨɾУͶǣˣøǿ
øǿ֮ҲףԵĳҲøӵǿ
ת̫ľʱ򣬹ԴһƵĽ뵽ڣʶ£ÿһ䣬뵽֮С
ѽ
ͻȻһ΢ԴԱߣСһ﷢ϣϵ˸΢⣬Ҳһ𣬿ʼԴľңʱٶ챾˻Ҫϼ֣ϱȥ
ʶɨֻۣǵһЦû⣬Ͷ뵽֮ȥ
СһڴڣҪȡ㹻ܴƵǳҲϣСһܹһЩϣȻ󣬿ȥۿƬ硣
ˣ
Դ壬תǣѭ
һܿḶ́Ϊһֱظһ£ңҪķѵʱܾá·ϣһ·ô߹ģȻѾϰˡ
ڣԼѪอ̫ľתԴͶǣԼøѪøӨҲһǿѪڲϱǿ
ڣСһƺᶶøˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԴڣԴҲڲϵĳŰ׼úӿȥϢڷϢǿȴԵøңʱʱ˿˿Ƶâͣı䣬ԵЩĪ⡣
ˣת֮䣬ʱȥ
䣡
һ̣Դ֮ڣ΢΢ϢͽȻҵıǿ
һ˲䣬Ϣ㣬ȥ
ͨɾأ
ۣ˫ноâ
ʱͨɰﵽͨɾ죬ǿҲǸˣƺһ
䣡
ʱԱ߲Զǿܲﵽͨɰ졣
漴ͬһʱ䣬ͺֱӴͨشﵽͨɰ졣
Դˬ
С
ϧġ

ڣҲǷˣԴȱ˴롣
Ǹħ̵˴룬̵ģ

ʱԴѾûжˣҪľˡ
ˣãҲ㲻ˡ
ƲƲ죬û˵ʲô
ٴαۣʣµԴΪ
ˣȻҲѧһ㿪ʼΪ
תۣһʱȥ
һʱ죬ȺۣͬʱվʱԴѾĹ⣬˿Ҳʣˡ
һߵİ˸Ȼ򡣡
Զ΢˫ۣ⵭â֯ǴͨɵڰأɢϢȴԼǿ˲٣ңʱߵĿռŤ
΢˫ۣ治򵥣о˿µϢ
Ͱ˺Щһ㣬ȴѡ
һأա
պ󣬰˫ۣƬ谵ĿռƺһɲǱ˼Ƶġ
ȥ˸ʲôүôЩˣ
ۡ
ɨһۣûд
磬ô
ӭȥʵ
ͷ˼ԣǵͨѾǳƿˡ
ϲ
Ц
û˵ʲô
طԴѾһȻͣԭ·УرȥУΪħѾ뿪ǵûʲôĵطһ·϶ƽûʱ֮ͨǰ»صرϡ
֮ǰɽֲ˿˿ԶϺ
Ѱȥ

ү޳ɣѰһԴүֱӳ

һԣͨʿͨɾڣҪץȡΡһѾﵽ۷壬ǵڶУ£ֻҪ㹻֧ţһ·ǰСңǺޣҪͨɾֱ֮ƿصд
бΪԴʲôô𣿡
үô˵˵ѡ
ۡ
һɨƬɽͽɽȥ
򣬻ǳ嫣ɽ࣬˵Թûκһ߱
һٶȲú뿪Ƭɽгȥ˺Զ롣
С㣬˵Ӻ飬һţûػĹ
˵
ʱޣǹ
Ʋ죬˵ˡ
һ˴˿һƬЩֻƵϣвɳżз紵ɳǾͬɳĮһ㡣
ܱҲŲʿУǽͬ飬ɫ䶼Դ䱸ΪƬǳңʱпܷᱦɱ˵£ȻҪСЩ

ʱǰ໥ײһȺֽŽӰЩ˵ԵЩãӶǺ㲣ƺûгԹȹˮһ㡣
̧ͷȥʱüЩˡʿ
ʮˣֻǿһ۱㷢֣Щ˸ͨˣûаΪңʮԸԸŸʿҲһʿǳųƤޣԵúܱ䣬ЩٶȷŵĿһЩ
һĻԱߵİͰҲüͷ
үǺ˵ƬһЩԭסЩԭסͨˡʮˣӦþƬԭס񡣡˵ƬҵԭסȻùʿץһЩԭסȥūȡ


805 ־
ĻüͷĸΪʿȻͨץȥūʵ̫ˣԱߣͰҲüȻԴҲܷС
ʮã㲣۹߶ʱֽϵ໥ײ
϶߿㣡
ʮ˺󷽵ʿնеıӣݺݵĩһѮ˳ȥʱ佫ˣ䱳һѪۡ
һѮ˵ڵϣʹ

ձӵ˺ȵһӳ¡
ʮ㲣жŷŭȴǸŭԣȻη塣
ˣ
һҵСܵߣŭӳֱӵʿСģҲΪͻСʿη巴ûгء
ʿɫһ¶ЩϣҲҳҺ
ವһ˽еıնԼЩ΢⣬ʹͬһѪĳ߰㣬Сĺᴩȥ
ʿ٣һĻȴûʲô仯ֱֱǸƺǳڴһСĺӹᴩѪĻ档
춢ǳֱ޳Сʿɫһָ˽â£Ҫ֡
쵰
ҲʱԱһŭ˳ȥתۼСǰһѽСıץС
һĻط˱ɫǳֱ޵ʿҲһ漴еĺŨҰѾͷɭ£
ʿ붾ɱҵͨСͲˣʱԷſһҰѾͷʱŭֱ̧֣һƳʿȥ

ҽʿѪһƳɳȥԶתۼûӰӡ
һʱ䣬ܣʿٴζݡ
⡭
Ӱˣǡ˶Զ
ŮȻҶɭ̵˶֣
ʿԾ
ʮ˴һĻҲ¶ɫȻû뵽طȻвʶ˻Ϊǳͷ
ʮ࣬ĸʿѾɫԳŰƹȥ
Ȼҽ֮ˣ
ɭ£ҲҸţ
Ķ
ɭ
˱ʮԭס󲿷ֶ¶־壬֮ǰǿǼʶЩ˵Ŀ£ͽʯն⣬ʹ˵еһ
ﬣ
䣡
ͬʱͰ֣۵ĽȫնѪ
⡭
ǡȻȻɱɭ̵ˣ
ǿǵĳһƬǾҡ
⸽ʿļ¡
ʮͽͨ˶Ͱ𺳺ͺȻǿһĸʿȻһ˲䱻նֻʣѪնѪЩˣⱲӶûôµĻ棬ˡ
ͰŰǱȥ
ʮͨ˾Щη壬ȴҲ֪ǰǣǰлײ䣬ַ
û¡

ʱ򣬰Ѿʼ鵹ڳеˣлԱ߰ҵСҲл
Сһղ
СԴ
С۾Ĵģƺ˰ץŰһ䣬д⣬㣬ܡܲܰǾȾˡ
ˣ
΢㶣ͰҲüˣ
ѯʣǵ֪ʮ˵ȷƬԭסһˣܹˣǰһȺʿץȥڿūСĸĸҲСǰץǵʿһ¿ʱʮ¿ɽȥɿʯ֮ǰƬ
̫ˣ
ŭ
ΪʿȻץͨķȥūڿ
Щ˵ЩʯȡһֽɳĶЩҪֶȺԭסУҧ޵ĵЩûûҹڣԲ˻˻ˡֱӱɱˡ
üɳⶫȻ֪ҪϣֻҪ㹻ɳıǳɣȻҲʲô¡
СץŰһ䣺㣬ǣȾȵȾˡ
СЩ࣬ȥЩ
ʱԭסҲˣʮһһȥȻѮҲ⡣һˣڿʱѾȥУҲв˵һ˶Ǻһ˿ϣܹǾȳ
˼ҿ콫Ѯ˷𣬵һ
ǿΪǿʿУͨϲݽ㲻ֵһᣬǣȴʼղǣԼǴͨһһӡߵ죬ӵǿΪսԣǳʿ޹ͨ˶֡
һȺʿץǰЩͨԭסūڿ󣬲Աһ˾ͶɱˣЩʱпʱʮ˹ǰѮ˶ôԹۣ
ǻˣĲġ
ңЩԭסֻƬУѾƲץЩԭסȺʿĴʵʹȻһԣȴǸκһ˿вҪȺʿоˣʵںܼ򵥡
Ҷģһǽ˾ȳ
Ҳ
ʮ˸¶ϲɫͼٴлж˸
ЩˣѯǿλãѮ߿е֪ڡ
Ҳһȥ
Ҳȥ
Ƕȥ
ʮ˽еֽϲƵ໥ײǷ
̫ˣѰһΪǴ·ͺá

䣬΢̧֣ʮâʮ˵ȫ顣
һʱ䣬Щ˶𾪣ָֻȻŪֽϵ
Щ˻عٴл̫ˡ
һ˽Ⱥ˻͵һȫĵطһ׳·Ƭλȥ
֮ǰɭ̣ƺץƬԭסȥڿʿǳɭ̣ô£
촫ͰҲ
ɭ̣ڵʵȵʯǿһЩǵ򼸸µǿ֮һ

õĴʿȻȹץͨȥɿʯ

ɳҪϣ㹻ɳܴģĶһŵʵȻСǣЩʿĸߣ˭ԸԼȥɽʯԣֻܿƬͨԭסЩʿУͨ˺·ߵûκ𡣡



806 ʿ
ĻûʲôѾˣǵɭʿִƬɳɽ֪ͨɣ˸ʿЩʿֶԸԼֿڣץԭסڿ
һ׳Ĵ·£ãǰһƬݻƵɽ֣Ƭɽûʲôֲȥһɽϲʲôʽ
ǰɽ棡
׳ָǰ
ͷһ˳Ŵɽȥܿǿ
ʲôˣ
ɭƬʿƬҲǺܿأвవڣһŸոտɽԵʿվ˳ȵ
ˣĿգΪҪƽվˣʲ
ͻȻУһ˵Ŀ׳ϣɫ΢΢һҼǵãⷲ˲ǱѺȥǿ¿ɽô
ô£һǰ䣬ϣǣôһ£һһʮȫҽ
׳Щη壬к⣺ɱɱǺüˣ
ʿ⻰ɱ䣺ˣȦ˵ĻȻҪնкá˸ţҲҪˣǣգ
Ʋ죺ŰСӻš
û˵ʲôϻָһ⣬ֱӽ˵üĹᴩһնɱ
㡭һնԼͬ飬һ˶ʱɫұ䣬ŵıɫʧˣÿ־ɫĵ㾹ɱɭ̵أ
ٴεָһ˵ͷ­ը
ߡ
˵
׳ǰ·һ˼ɽȥ;вٰʮ֮࣬󲿷ֶˣ䣬źڵɱ⡣
Ǹˣϲ
ǸˣһʮŮӸǸŮӣԾˡ
ǸˣֻΪ˲Сһ£;͡ڵ˵۾
׳޵ָЩˣܱūʱҷȴǵú

⻹ʿ
춯֣콣âɨ˷Ѫʱ佦ʱʮ˱նѪ
ΪʿץͨūѾ̣Щȴץͨǰ̣ŮɱˣһҲл
ǡ
ɭ̵ʿǵĳǾˣ

Щ־־壬ֻһӳȻ۷ʿ˲Ϣն
ߣ¡һһƬֱӽȫûС
۵𣬻ʣµʮȫըûһͷӶû£·ضĽˡ
˸ΪǸӿˡ

·ԭס׳վһߣһĻ־ϲһ˵ǿ׼ͽ֮ǰūǵһȺɰɱϲǣôǿԼ˵кͬ飬оˣ
һ˼ǰȺ˲ɭ̵ʿǿǿҲֻͨѣǶۣһ˺նڽ¡
żǰɽɭ̵ӶˣŲϳˡ
֮󣬺ܿ죬ɭǿ߱벽ǿߺһǿ߲նѪǿ
Ǻôĵӣɭ￪ڿɽǾǰ£
Ϊ׵Ĵǿߺ
ڿɽץͨ˵ɣŮӵɣ̤Щ޹ԭסɣ
춢˵
Ϊ׵Ǹǿһ㶣ˣ뱾˵Цͨʲôһ㣬޶ȲϣѵϷǴΪЩˣΪ˿壿
ϣǷϻʲôֱն
һ벽ǿߵ
ɭڴ˲ɿǾȻô£ֱն̫ˡԱһ벽ǿ߿ڣϵΪǶȥǳʿ䵽˵ζֱĿ꣬ɱǡ
ã

Ӧˣ
벽ǿͬ
Ϊ׵Ĵǿ䣬ԺͷǾô죬ϵǵΪȥڿ󡣡˵ţ˵׳ˣҴ£ҲģԺ֮ڿִУЩ˺úÿҲǸЩһӣ⣬ɱǰʲô£Ϸǵ֮ǰѺһȥһطɿˡ
˵
̲סŭ
Щ˼ֱ̫ɶˣϵΪȥڿһ㲻ᣬ⼸˾Ȼ֮ɱһͨˣȥʾץͨˣẠ̊́
벽ǿУһƫͷסһ˲ǰ
һˣѪ¯̧ץͬʱҲһУҰѾͷ⼸ֻС
䣬ʱֱ̧֣ɫţһƳճȥ
۵һ˵ԴϡãѪˮԽһء
ʱɭ̵˽Աɫһ벽ǿߣȻôˣ
ʱȻΪ׵Ǹ벽ǿҲǶݣøӱ˼ֱ֣ɱǣ䣬Լһʱѹ¡
ֻ򵥵һƣ˱ǿĲ򵥣ǳǿᡣһ˵ʵҲȥ˲֮⡣
䣡
ִ̧һɫ̨Ϊɭ̵һǳˣѹ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ĸ벽ǿǴƵѹ׼á
񱩵ӿһʱ䣬ֱŤ˴롣
Ϊ׵˽ҡ

н֯âɭΪ׵Ĵǿߣͽֱǰһȭ¡
ˣ
һƬƺҪѿ˰㣬֨졣
ʱɭ̵ǿߣչ׼ɽӣȫԼ֮սֱһȭ˶Էĺɫ̨Ʋѹǰȥ
㡭
ǿɫ䣬Ѿµ첢һ㣬ȴҲû뵽ǿȳ̶ȣһȭ㽫չǿͨˡʱĽɫȭͷѾ䵽ǰֻת˫۸ǰ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦һȭƴȫû飬ֱӽǿߺ顣
ʱ䣬˽Աɫ
ôܣ
ϿǴڴΣȻһͱ
ܰ
ԶһЩͨɭ̵ӺȻ
ϣ
ѹͰĸ벽ǿ߶ݣǸɫ
¡
ʱ쳹ʮһɫ纣ƺƵĴӲѹ¡
ĸ벽ǿ߶ʱƬ纣ѹ£ǽ˿־塣
˴𣬿߶ֵ
Ǳߣûпˣɫѹ£˲˵ͨķǣҽûܹ
ôᡭ
λˣɶǴڰ벽ΰȻ
⣬ˡ
ɭ̵˶ŰֹסĲ
ˣ
һߣɫ⺳˻ģɭڴ˵Ĵǿŭ
ȥһֻӶȭһֻ콣âǿսļ£ɭ̵ǿ߸ѹˡ
ʿˣ

Ϊﵽͨɾ죬Ӵ⣬ǸǿᣬڴһصͨʿѾ޾壬ѹ
ȻͨɾغʹֻһС̨ףǴ󾳽Ĳ࣬ͨĲ࣬һ޵һе߼֮ֹСӣȻѹͨĴʿˣ
䣡
ʱɽһѪ˳ʮɸߣвҽ˹


807 ˻Ѫ
켸˽ǶݣɽʮɸߵѪһƬȺ죬ŨѪζȥѪ˳ĵطնܵӰ죬΢΢ЩŤˡ
ʲôģ
ۡ
ȻǰҲüͷ֮⽻ֱֱ֯ǵȳѪˡ
ǣɭ̵ĵҲǱɫ
ǿǱߣ
﷢ʲôôô˵Ѫ˳𣿣
⡭ռƺʴˣ
Щɭ̵ĵȫɽ˽ǲĲһ¡
ҲʱɽһӰΪɭڿڵһճʿɫԵЩţԶԶĳһڴ˵صĴǿ߽еϴˣˣصͻȻڳһѪӣаѪмӶ˲ɵˣʦǰѹҲҲаѪˣ
ʲô
ɭ̵ǿ߱ɫɭƬļ֮һҲǷɳˣȻͨɵΪʵǳǿȻصڳаѪɵˣ
ǡЩаѪڿɢҡڳɳҪ͵ˣ
Զ˽е
ɭǿٴαɫһ죬ٳ
ˣ
ʱһɫȭâ˺Ѳ񷣬ѹ
һ˲䱬ױȵĿֲͨɾȫһȭѹºֱӽֻͼ

ֻͼâʢʼһֱɢʥϢֱɭ̵ǿ߸·
¡һƬƺҪˣԳסֻͼ֮
ɭǿɫ̼䣬в˲ȫһ̶ˣͨ쾪ֽеס
ۣ
Ѫըֻͼѹ£ͨɾΪȫʩչ£ƿµĺˣֱӽɭǿѹķ飬ͬҲһС
ʱ䣬طɭӾɫ䣬ɵ
ϴˣȻȻôܣ
ⲻģⲻܵġ
þһǻþ
Щɭ̵ӿ־壬طĳϿǴڴΰڣȴȻһͨɼʿɱˣһجεĸо
ֻͼ콣ɨĽâͬˮ֮ΰܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۼ䣬ɭ̵ȫնǱƺǱᴩüġ
ȥ
Ű׼ã׳һ˿ٳɽȥ
ܿ죬һɽɽֳɫǴĿʯԼʯͷ俴ǵɰʱȥмѿˣһɹѪ˲ͣðȪӿһ㣬ѪҺڵܡ
ЩѪҺȺˣҴž˵ĸʴԣԿѪҺӵص³֮涼Ǳڻʴ˲١
ѪǹѪ
Ųˣ󲿷ִãΪƬԭס񣬴ʱԺܿ־壬սսͬһʱ䣬ﻹвɭ̵ʿʱǲЩִԭס϶٣жǴŨŨĻңɪɪ
ɭ̵ЩӣȽͨǻͳط
˵
׳Զ룬Ͱ׼һǰرϵͨԭסͳֿһ󶴽뵽ص£Ǽ˲ԭסңҲǴžֺµı顣
һͬʱ֣һǳȫĳ·һԭסֽ̤棬Ϊڵԭס̫࣬ȫһһ·ǰУʶɨӣȳԭס񣬲ú󶴵
ȥȫѪˮ۳һƬ΢͵ѪӣܵĿʯȫڵˣѪɫݹ๾ðʮɭɭ׹ƮѪˮ档
ģصôôѪôڳģ
ۡ
Ҳ𺳣漴ƺ뵽ʲôɫ΢΢һߡ
ǡ
лһĨâ

Ŀܶ࣬νͨ˴ѪˮһһʯѪˮΧסˣϼԭס񣬸龪֣˴ȡ
ǱߣٸϹȥܿǰ
˳֣ȺԭסǶʱ¶ϣ֮ɫҲ˭ֶؽеȾǣֻʯͻȻڳѪʮ˶̵ˡֻֻһ˲ͱ̵ˣѪȫˣȣȾǣ
Ⱥԭסֽ϶Եúܿ־壬󲿷ɫ԰ס
ʱûʲôٳ֣Ⱥԭסȳŵرȥ
úʩչطƬŵԭסȫȳˣɭ̴Ӽͬĵطץһ˴Щԭס뿪ֽϴŵǿЩ뿪ط
лллл
ллλˣһǣȥһΪÿնΪ
һݣ
Щԭסд⣬ޱȣ˵л˶ǱץѾܾˣÿհԼжǱɭ̵˻֮СˣǴǿȳǵ֮
ˣϽ뿪ط
ٵԱһ˼վӡ
·׳Լԭסǧлǿ뿪
ܿ죬ЩԭסǽԶԶ뿪Ƭɽ
ʱͷɽĿ˵ǻƬĵصȥ
⻰һ׼úһ
ؿȥСӣȥѪ

ͰҲɻܲ⣬Ѿˣڻȥ
춢ſλãоâ֮֯ǰʱҹۿܵĵȻΪھˣֻǴҴһɨȴǷܲһ㡣ɽûиоƬӦǰ˻Ѫӡ
⻰Ͱ΢΢üȻ⡰˻ѪӡһҲ˽⡣
ȴ¶ݣ˻Ѫӣ죬үǵǰһϿĸ֣ƺһֿµظ֣ǧȥѪҺѪӣѪɷаǿ߶ܸʴ

ͷ
һצӣƿ㻹ȥǲ
ҡͷ˻Ѫȷʵգǣȴֻգ֮Уϡ䱦н֯âȡǧ޾֮ѪѪӣѪΪظַ۳ᾧ
ϼصĶŲд
ۣᾧȷ


808 аͫ
Ȼ֪ᾧʲô˻Ѫֶ˫۵ɵĹԲԲġ
϶У

ڼŰ˻ѪڱᾧΪԲд
̻ȥðҲûȥ
һ˭Ҳҵӡ
Աߣüﲻ⣬ᾧ
Ƕܺ𣿡
ʵ
ϻȻãǿǶϢ˵ص۶ɣϴʿԴֻһСԴһøǿңʿԵĸ֪һأѪȻдã˵ô󣬼ֵǣ
ˣ

ԣ϶ᾧࡣ
¶ɫ˫۷Ź⡣
ǿȥ
˵
ʿԣԴҪԴԽǿʿսԽǿǱԽδ·ҲԽߣᾧֻһСԴһһɱ䣡ʵ̫ˣսǱܱδ·Ҳ˳ܶ࣡ң֮⣬ᾧܰʿԴĸ֪ҲǷǳ˵ЧѪһҲܷǷ
˵ļֵ޷ȥȻ漶ǿҲۺ졣
ߣȥǲȥ֮ڳүᷢŭģ

һԣ΢΢üӸղŽƬ󶴵ƬѪӺܲ򵥣ƱػһЩǿап漶Ķ
ôһ˵ļ֮ɫʱȴЩһ룬˻Ѫȷʵܿ£ǵаѪܽǿ߸ʴпǿߵа
õģȻп漶аУҲа취Եס

ƿѾеһ׵ĸ߶ȣƿƬѪӵƬѪϣȻǿߣҲоԵĵ֮ѹ
˿ڣҲͲ˵ʲôˣֱü
ߣ

£һԭ·طܿ»ص
ʱƬѾûһӰŵԭס񶼱˾˳ȥɭ̵򼸺ն˸⣬ʣļҲаѪˡ
һ֮ǰĿ󶴶£ѾаѪ֮ǰ˺ܶ౶
Сӣˣ
˫۷⡣
˻ѪᾧΪЩаѪͰ׼öǸ֪ᾧĴڣ޼ƿʩһ÷ֹЩаѪȾϣһζõùʱһУҲΨƿ̽Ѱᾧ
ͷǰһŵ׶ʱޱӣ޾Ʊ鲼Ƭصס
ǸԱߡ
˵
䣬³ſȥǽ
һǰУ󶴾ǱԽԽȵһʱҪ˺ܶࡣ
ģаѪܵʴڻˡ
ۡ
֮ǰʱ򣬿ڻŵĵ棬ʱеǵаѪѾûܣһѪӣľˡ
ѪҪѪ۳
ӡ
ԲǧֻҪѪҺᱻȡ޾µۻô࣬һҲ֡

΢ŵ˲Ϣƹ⣬׼ú
Ʋ⣬ѪӵааѪ˲ǡ
˵
䣬ǰѪӱС
ͰƲ⣬ǽѪɷȫˡ
ǵѪˮ˽űӿȴ޷ͻƹķЬӶ𻵲ˡ
һɸʴǿߵѪܹס

ǰ·ú󣬿ռøӿտЩ
ʱǰѪӹðѪݣһͷ۵Ķëʼһֱǽ俪аѪһɷǳǿϢɢ
ವһͷԵޱֱӳһɱ
ͨʿ

ȼа㲻ʲô⻮һ⣬ֱӽķ顣
·һ·ǰУûñаΪһк۵ܳɢĲԱ֮ǰͷǿ˺ܶ౶
֨
ͷ﷢ͬĽͫ׳ֱɫȥЩˡ
𣡡

ͰȻܿĳ֯


һѪ϶ʱƸ֣漴ѪӷڣһͷѪ۶ͺһֱǰӭȥݺײǳĺϡ
ﵱҽԶֱըֻһЩ¡
ǿȴǿߣ㣬һ͸ɱˣ
ۡ
˵ǽǵƬѪӺطشƹɱԼ
ƶǶĵͷŶ
¶ˡ
ٴοڡ
дŵƹ⣬ɨǰ
䣡
䣡
䣡
⣬һѪ˳˵ɷ֯
ʮͷаѪг𣬻ǰ׹ãͷɢϢǿǺ
һͷܿȴǿߣȸղŵĺǿľÿЩ֮ǰûгЩԭס϶ȫѣһҲ
ʱȻǰüȻҲЩȡ
Ща⽻֯ŵɷޱŨ䳯ȥȻǶǽһ˵˹
粽ƽ֯һѪ˳羪İһ㳯ǰѹ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʮͷаȫĺɣԶըһʱ
һĻ˺ȻҪ֪ʮͷаﶼܿȴǿߵĴڣ֮ǰͷǿȻǺһɱȴ׾ͱȫնͬϰСûа㷴ûһˡ
˵УһЩشУƿش˾߿ɽش֮Ϊãսɺ󾳽ɱУȻˣ
𺳡

ԲƯĴ۾
ٴ¶ɫµ
ͷǣ߰ɡ
ǰ·ƽ֯鲼ʮ
ܿ죬һ߹һξ롣
Сӣҵᾧλ𣿡
ʱʵ
ҡͷûߡ
Եúƽ˿Ƭ˻Ѫϣûκι˼ɡ
úǰһѪɫУȦֱԼһɣһɾ޴ܵж뽫ռ䶼ȥ
Ща
ݡ
ͰѪɫУȻҲǸоⷽеĿ¡
лһĨƹ⣬ڵж
µ˲䣬ѪɫжʱֻɫͬīȾİ㣬Ϊˡ


809 Դ
׼úһ˫ɫһɼΪ˵ϢɢǿѪɫз·һƬɵһǶݡ
ƬѪӣаѪͣʴҲ֪طжѪɫӵʼһ޴ķˣͬŭӿ㡣
ⶫ澳ˣ

ŭ˳Ͱ׼öоӴѹһв
Աߣǰһŵƹ˸ʱ䣬ƬѪӶ
ٴοǰһѪǣ𶯣Ѫɫɢ
Сӣǹ
ۡ
𣡡
һŭɢѪɫгɫͫױøˣһͷѪ죬ֻǣһĹǴβ͡
ͷǿɷʱɢɫͫԵú顣
ȵ֮ǰͷħˣ
С
üҲгأ졣
Ȼ֪Щģû£õģǻøţĸš
£ҽѪһƬѪ϶ʱơ
ߵٴηͺ𣬻һѪâֱӳһ
վǰƽһѪӷڡ
໣
һ֮쳹Ƭռ䣬漴ͷѪɫÿһͷʮɳޱ԰ף漴˹ߵ鸩ȥ
ֻһ˲䣬ͷѪɫͬʱԱߣβڣ֫βȫϣ˲ʧȥж޷ٿǰ
𣡡
ͷ鷢𣬷ŤһƬգȴ޷ѿͷѪɫĽˡ
׼úȣǿߵ飬طУȻҲûз֮
򣡡

¡һѪϺȻǸֳһ޴ѪɫУһΣѪɫǣ֮£ͷѪɫ飬ֱ֮Ѫɫеײƴӡ֮ѹ¡
鷢ҽӾҵȴҲѲͷѪɫЩƴӡѹƣΪӡϵһ
ﬣ
ʱͬʵХѪϣѪɫ۶
ЩѪɫ󽣹ǣƬѪӵظ۶ÿһѪɫ󽣶̺Ÿʴһкնܵնڿ졣
һĻľʱ򣬷ȥƬռ伸Ѫɫռˣŵİӡ
ﬣ
һһѪɫȫѹȥ
Щ⣬ͷѪɫͬʱɱԷ
ߵҽУ˻𣬵һȴ޿κΣʮѪɫ󽣺ͷѪ߽⣬ʹɢ
һʱ䣬ǹ˵ѪɷϢʱʧӰ١
ǿߵаҲô򵥸նˣ
ﲻŵ졣
ǳԾС
³һ㿴ż򵥣ſɲ򵥣ѾǽʩչĿǰ۷ˮ׼ˣǣǣƬشƵܹɱѹ͵÷ϲ
ͷקһȭͷ֮Ǻˣ
һ˼ȥ·֮˺üͷаʲôˣǿҲʹȫ֮նɱ
Сӣûҵᾧλã
ʵ
첻ŵ죬κкһƾâ
ҵˣ
̧ͷǰλ⣬һ˹ȥּƽ֯ƮƮһ£ֱӽطѪӷֿ¶һɢҵĴʯһͷСʯĶ䣬ɢŵ㾧Өİɫû˿
ˣһĿȴɱסˣоĲ
ȻǴ޷ûдᾧ

н֯âһֱ̧֣ᾧץ˹
ȥѰεطһ
˵
طȻʺ䣬£һʱ·طȥ
ûã˱߳󶴡
ڿ󶴱Ե߶콣صףʩչЩаѪȫѹ·ĵصȥӳϾЩаѪͬһ㣬ӳطܻ಻ҪѣȻһ¡
ߡ
һУֵͰ׼Լ뿪ܿԶȥ
һʱһ뼫ԶһɽѰһǳεĵط
û뵽ô׾͵õᾧ
קצӡ
ҲǾЩԭסõһƱ

ûȥЩԭסȻְܷ˻ѪӣᾧԵ
ͷܽԣǵˡ
һЦıӡ
֣
Ŀצӡ
һЦطһطԸһϢǽᾧȡһΪģݵݸ׼ú
һطϥ£Կʼᾧ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ֲһĹâ֯Ǻǿ
ת̫ľȵﵽ۷״̬󣬽ᾧ̷¡
ᾧޱȴûУں󵱼ڻһ˳ĺ¶һޱȱˬĸо
񣬽̫ľתĸ죬ǣŽڵǹᾧʶ֮뵽ԴС
ˣ
뵽Դһ˲䣬Ľâ̼øǿʢ
һ̣ıԴʼɢһѤ󣬷·ǺڰкһС磬С罥ǿʢ
콫ʶڣĸоԴøʢ
ģȱ仯ѪҲʼǿҲǱøӴڣ̫ľתܵһǣпʼ
ᾧ
оâտտ
ֻһ˲ѣǸоԼǿࡣ
ˣ
⣬ɫøɢϢҲ֮һĳ
мȴʼʹԼľͣĬĬڵᾧ֮
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
һ죬ڣԴһޱ貵Ĺâ̼ڵСģȹâƽϢоԴøǿˣһһɱ䣬֮ǰ׳ʵһ࣡
ңˣѪʶǵȣǽԵǿ
ʱᾧϢȫɢڽ֯
ģ΢ϸое֣ҽʱ׽һģĴ㷭ӿ
ᾧԴĸ֪׺Ч
жݡ


810 δ֪ĵ
춯ݣһ̣ǰ˵ۼȴ֪Ũĵһߣܺģ֯ϢȴǳŨԲ֮ǰЩǰ˵ۼȣʵ̫޴ˡ
Ĵ
һ
漴һԼʶɢʼ
ʶ⣬뵽һУཻڣЩ
ˣ
ģʶеɲǣĽɫٴαǿʢЩ
ˮ
𡭡
硭

ꡭ

ʶܵģУ޷Щȫ֮һ򲻵ǣȴоһĲ֪ͬʲô
һʶ֪Щ࣬ڽ˵Ĳʱ֪ԼӦʲôʺԼĵȥȻӡԼʶУӡԼѪУӡԼУԼд
ʶϵЩԺɵȥѣԸ⣬ʱǿԽʶȫһȫȥڼӡĵӡӵһִ
ȴǲż򵽵Щ̫ͨˣǿὫʱ;˷ЩϡҪ֪ʿеƿصĴ䲢ֹһǣƿصĵȴҪӰպе
̫ľתʱʶ֯ϣʼ

顭
ɡ
ή

һһ֪ͬĴ漴ֶҡͷЩʺ
УûȥȫÿһһɨȻˣĺôҲǾ޴ģڵĵϢŨѪӻ
漴ʱɿţתչȥ
ʱ䣬ԽԽܸ֪ĴԽԽ֮࣬Ԫӡ͸ڻиȣڣٴθ֪ȻǧΪǰʮ֮һ
ֻǣһһҡͷûһо⣬ȫȥ
תۼ䣬չȥ
ˣ
һ죬ڣԴɢһȦȦˮư
漴ֻоԼʶ΢΢һܵĴʱԽԽģȫʧˣǲ١⣬ֻһ˲䣬һָ̣о˵ʱоĵֻһ֣ңӵģ
ģ仯ȥʮ췢֣ʶһƬããޱߵĴ磬Ƭǿһ
ǣ
ͷһʱʶƬУʱķǳ죬ͬˮһţǣҹת۽棬ļɿʢݰܣﶼѭ·մӶ£
ҹﶬܣЩʲô
ü
Ƭ磬ʱҴţﲻͣ棬ǧΰҹת䣬δﶬĽǧλľӿܴӰܵһֱˡ
֪ʲôôһֱţ֣ԼʶþӨ֪ǿ̫̫ࡣңоߵĵһЩܻģȴ֮ǰǰģˣһƵâӡС

ˣ
⣬âŨ񣬱øɢϢҲǱøǿᡣ
ģεĵͬϪããӿУӡʶڣӡѪУӡ
⡭
в졣
ˣȻʼǣһֵĴӡС
ٴԼȥӡеĵɵɻ
ǡʲô
⡣
һĴʶ֪ɨǷȴ֪ǺִڣѾӡ˴Լڣȴǲ֪ʲô
ʶȴֻоڵĴԽԽֱֹ࣬ȥʱ䣬ȴڲӣΪﵽһƽ㡣Ҳһ̣Իðãã翪ʼ壬ϾҪʧ
ǣʱȴûиԼĴʲô
ʲô
ü
ϣʶ֯ƬããޱߵĴٽ壬ǵȴҲӵģ
Ҳʱʶһ𣬴ãã̱úڰ
ô£
ͷ΢
漴һ̣һɫ䡣ʱϵĺڰʧˣʶһƬ谵磬Ƭ죬飡ǵأڳҰУɻ˻ħƺҪ飬ƺҪ㸲
ʲô
ͷ
𣡡
Ƭ磬Х쳹ʮڲ̮ͣ
Ĳһ̣ȫһƬɽѣһж飬Ψɻħ˻쳹ϵ£ʶ·Ҫĥ

ϯɳ޾ûһС
ľѣ˫ֻۣо巢亹֪մʪ˼
Сӣʲô
ǰͰҲһԵЩ档
ܣԼᾧǸطǲɵó˿ֲϵĺˮղǷ̫ˣ궼
˲Ѿô亹СӣǲʲôĵķǳµجΣ˵ǿһ¡
һ

̲ס
ٺֱЦһģǵõʲôıƵġ
̲סһƣЦ
ۣүǸˣ
ǿᾧԴͬ㣬ǿһ࣬ѪʶǵȽǿ࣬Ϊǵڶ޵Եʣʱ뵽ͨɵھ죬ʵ֮ڴһʱҪǿϲ١˵һ־˵ɱ䣬սԿͬˣ
Ʋ죬ûд
ԶݣȻǸоʱı仯ЩԾ
ƫͷͰǲ죬ʱͬ㣬Ҳ뵽ͨɾ죬ңȻȻ֮֯еĲΪûб仯ͨɰأϢȴˣңԼһַǳµĵ򲨶֯ϣһصϢһС
Ȼ֪ʲôȺѾˣС֮ǰѹΪﵽͨɾأһ˿׼Ů޸һ˿̫˵ţɵ÷ۣһĽı飺尡ʱôۺ񣬱̫ıԴ׾ִδע£ѹǿ̧ͷ


811 ǿʮ
ǿĹɱ֮һ̫ǲ˵˽֪
񣬰ͰֻǸһ˿ֻ̫Ҫ⣬δһƿ̫Ըʮ
ϲ
ͰЦŵ
ЦԵЩССĵ⡣
ǵͷأʲôһһСᾧţ϶Ҳƿһ˿
⻰Ͱƫͷ죬֪ƿʲô
ң˶٣΢ЦҲ֪
ɶ㲻֪
ۡ
ҲǺԼƿʲôȻ᲻֪
治֪
ЩΡ
ˣ׼úǸˡ
ĵԻүָԽ򡣡һȻı飬ظô˵Ҳﵽۻʾˣûүĵ򣡡
һ룬ȻåʱӺܳƨȴҲǾһ˵ĻǲϾﵽۣϺʹϵļ϶ҪͰ׼ǿܶࡣҲûԥֱԻһ˿
ʱ䣬ϣԵÿ£ֳһֺ嫺͹
ʶɨӣɫ⣬漴󽥽Щɵۡ
ô
ʵ

Ρ
бһۣ֪ˣҲǲ֪ȵʲô
Ʋ죬ô۾㲻˵û㿴ĵ𣿡
ۣʧ֣ʧ㣬¡
Сһӵı飬Ҳǲ֪Ǻεȴ
üҲǲĵʲôһ̣΢ݣ뵽ʣƫͷǧУǿĵʲô
ؼǧǣǧЩнʵǧǿ򣬹żеļҲǷǳģһʿͨżļ˽⵽ʵ࣬ΨΪǿ˲ֻ֪벽ܴﵽۻʾţǧӦú
΢һȻ֪ΪλôʣҲƫͷ
һЦ֪Ƕǧȫ٣⣬ʶˡ˵ţɫЩǧУǿĵΪս
˶һսĵ
ȻսΪ׵׵Ļ֮ʼǿ컯ݻ磬ֵһ꣬ʲôս֮ڡ

ü޵ˣ
ġͷ漴ֵү֪ʷϴû޳ɹȴȴһ˿΢
һδ
£ʵأ
ǧô࣬үȫΪǽ̫꣬鷳ˣһǰʮĴˡ˵ǰʮսһʼڶ컯ģ壬̫̫еȻߣڰˣڰھţʮ
ŵսѾ˵ˣͲᡣִУʼֱԴɽﻯΪ㣬Ĩڡ컯翣ɱƾ˫컯֮ѹһСɿ⣬ѹν֮ΪΪͬΪȻɿȻ֮ҲǷǳһֿɻΪ˫
̫̫ӦöȽͲ˵ֳƹɻǧڰɸʴһУԵɽ֮Ϊãʱ׳ʵޱǿᡣУҪִ̫̫򵽼²޳ɵĵдһģҪľˮִ͸ſƿصˡ
¾ˡ
˵
˶΢΢ֱղǿʮִʲôУսʼ컯ǰû˵
սᣬʼ컯磬̫̫Ȼ⣬ڰ顣
΢⡣
һߣɨһۣȴ΢΢üЩ֪֡ʣųǿʣĵӦûǳ£ٲ̫ڣǿʮִУȴǲûĵƵĵ
죬ҲһŹֵı飬˵֣̫ˣүǧǳү֪ǧУƺûĵǣСչֲֳȷȷʵʵǵ֮ɣ⡭ײаˣ
бһۣòǽ
һʱ䣬ϵֺ嫸жʱʧӰ١
ˣǻˡ
˵
Ȼ۵ֶҲȥĥˡ
һطµϢ漴콫ܵķȫɢȥһ˷뿪ط
ɶ
ʵ
ȻǼѰԴڴĹɸءƬеĸڣƬʿ롣
⻰ȷʵ˵ĲΪʺʿһƬ򣬽ƬʿųϵˣǱЩ뷨
Ҳôã
ͷ
Ͱûʲô£һ˿Զʮɽ
ȺѰʮɽڳ˲龧ûʲô
һ죬ַһɽǰʿڳͬһǰС
죡ǵطܿҪˣʱޣɲܵ飡
˵ߴͬ١
ЩʿٶȺܿ죬ԦУת۾ǰԶ
Щʿ΢Щ档
ʲôҪˣɻ漴ɫһŵ˱Ϣ
죬
ŵСģ
ȡЦ
ۣһҧģ
Աߣɫһڵ̵ģүˣƬԨƺҪˣѹЩʿһԭģ
ôһ˵˽ƫͷ
ʲô
ʵ
˵ԨڻԵһб鲼ɵУֱӾͻᱻʹĽеٿήȻǿ߶ֵˣ㵽С
Ȼûоԣ⴦һأܰеԨ֮ȴвԭʼľκӰ죬ԶľĴ棬пǧ֮õҩпɶʥģԴȻĴ磬о޴龧󡣡
оâ˸ÿһضʱΣԨڵĻɫȥգʱԽУõıɿүͽȥΣѰҩ


812 
Ļ˽Զݣ˵Ԩһء
ƵһȣԶûǰ£Ҳûô汦
찵뵽
˫ǹǾ͹ȥץҩԴѰһأ
죬
ߣ

ڼԨʲôطȻǷǳ·һת䷽򣬳ŻλñԵشȥǵٶȺܿ죬úйԶ
үĹ㣬ŻҪҵʱ䣬ƬԨſ԰ȫ롣

ˣ˵Ҳǲ̫ԷŻЩٶȡ
ɽܶ࣬ʮ򣬽Ժ׳Уǿʿͬķȥǿߺܶ࣬дžâ
䣡
ʱԶһɽ䴫˵ܲоľƬƷ
ʿһ𣬱ܲ˲ɵפ㣬ƫͷ˹ȥ
һУǶݣâ
ǡ
ɽУо˷ǳϤϢиֳһģ
ȥ
˵ȳŴɽλȥ
úͰ׼ԼɽԵŴɽȥֻŴɽ䣬Ӱڼҽ棬⣬򣬽âܽ֯ʮ
Ӱ棬ʵȴںΧһֺ꣬飬Ҫȹɱ£ɽڵľľһһƷƬƬı鿪
ȾѪȴ䵭ϵܼÿһǰԵס
ǰĺ꣬жʱ¶âȻ
Ǹˣ
Ҳ˳
ԱߣǰȻҲʶǺꡣ
Ψ֪ͰĻ΢Щ졣
Сӣǵˣ
졣
ͷǡ
ɽУӰΧĺڵڶʶһѣ棬ǲʶΪ˰׼ù´׼ң򿪼ĹԼһֱʹùƷʱʵǰһæ
ңʱվϹŴжµİ׼ңǸӵڶĳȻԣǰٷ֮ȥ£ĬĬҴչ˰ȥҴʧ壬Ϊ޼ۡ
ﬣ
ǰ̶ա
ϣһƬƬͬǴδ֪նпգնͨǿһа㣬ǵļһĻʿһ𺳺Ȼ
˭ǿ
ֵâֱǿն
ҵ죡
ʿļ¡
վڴɽ⣬ɫΪ֮ݡ
ÿµĵͨɾضѣȻסڶʿҡս֮£߲ȱʬ壬궼նˣʬϽԴо˵ĵˣƺҲǱɱǴһصǿߣһˣɵ÷ۣ˹Ҳ
ȻҲ˿ʩչĵǿԵȴҲ΢Щɻͨɾ죬ô򣿵Ͼƹ˵ҪͨʱŻﵽҲþ߱벽Ϊа
䣡
ﬣ
ǰҫâˣɽҪ̮ˡ
汻ǿΧɱȻȫȴЩ·ϾͨɾѣǴڶصǿߣΪ̫ࡣȻˣΧɱҲûֵ̫ô˶˵ˡ
Ժ䣬棬໥һۣϢʼǡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һʱ䣬ɴ֯ȫʩΪƬգƺˡ
һĻʿľ𺳣ǿȫʩΪʵ̫ǿˣ
ɽԵн֯â
æ
ǚiһ˲ϢԶڴɽսУֱɫȭһźڼ׵Ĵʿѹȥ
ˣ
ɫȭâѹأ񷣬ͬһʥı˰㣬ľ
һʱ䣬˽Զݡ
⣬ô
˲⡣
ƫͷеһĨ΢⡣
źڼ׵Ĵǿɫٱ䣬Ľɫȭ̫ˣ
ʲôˣ
˺ȵ
첻ѹµĽɫȭǿ
ѹĸǿҲǶݣ죬
䣡
ѹ£ƺҪһУǵȹɱ֮Ĳ
˹ɫĮɫͬʱĴǿ֡
㡭
˼Űһо˰ǿᡣ
үˣ
һǣֱſһɱ⣬н֯дĵͷһ
漴Ҳ粽ϣվԶ̫ʸɱ֮
ɽ⣬ʿ뵹
⣬⡭
ЩʿһƣǱŵɫһף˸ӡ
ʵ̫ˣ
Χɱǿɫ䣬һѹǵȹɱʵ̫ڿֲˣ˲ıս֣ǽǼ
ˣ
Ľɫȭͷøǿˣ·ǳɵİ㣬ݿ࣬һУڼʿͨ飬һȭڶԷؿڡ
۵һֱӱҵķ飬ֻһǱĶ߳ȥʮԶԶʼ顣
ûᣡ
һȥ֮ǰѾɱͨĴһʿˣ漴ǰһᾧԴǿһ࣬Ѫʶǵȸ涼ǿ࣬һƴս˲١Ժʹڶǿһսնɱεʿˡ
˵һֱ𣬽սǰļ£ݺѹ¡

ڼʿִУֱӱѹ
⡭
һһ˲䣬ɱһǿߣ
ˣҲֻǲͨɾضѰ
ʿĲ
ʱһҽ𣬰ʶâƣһǿնɱͬҲһ˸סҲһᾧͨɵھ죬һ˿սȻܻɱڶصǿߡ
ڶǿߺΧ棬תۼˡ
ﬣ
е貣¡һֳһƬɫĴأϲ˲һĵϵÿһɢſֲĺ⡣ʶɱԮͬʱܵǿߺΧʱ𣬿ֲĵâ̼ϯϰ˻ģһǿѹС
̼ʹֱͨӱѹˣֵʲô
ۣ
ѪˮĴѹ£ֱӽѹķ飬Ҳһ
ˣɵ÷ֻۣ̬
ǿ
ۡ
棬ЦŴк
Ƕ浭ͷ˵죬չ˰Ҳǰæ
˵ͷ漴ͬʱƫͷǿߡ
㣬ǡ
ӭĿ⣬ڶǿ߽һһ̲ɵͬʱһɿ־ĸоǶһۣ𣬸Դǿͨͬһ㣬ֱӵͷԶ߳ȥ˲ǰԶ


813 Ԩ
켸˵ƣˣ֮ǰս̼ȫʧ
ʱٶȼ죬һɲǶ߳ȥԶֻҪԶط
ģôҲǴͨʿȻܣҪҪˣ

΢΢˫ۣصǚiһͬɫ׻˲ƶǿǰ˸
˽ԱɫΪٶ㡭
ˣ
ûʲôֱӻӶȭҵĿռһŤ
ңͬһʱ䣬˹ͰҲȺɱ
ʱܵÿһ䶼ˣû˿Ӷݵļ϶
ǣ
˾֡
ﬣ
ӶâԵףֱն¡
֣ɫȭգһ޵֮
ɫͬٻһƬ֮
ͰҲͬʱ֣Ǻܿ¡
¡¡ģƬռһζԱˣһ̮顣
һ˾ִУתۼǱ˺飬ѪҲһ١
һɫ԰ףȶӶˣΪǿһܶ࣬һ̣˫ȴǱ־ǲһеģϣһ˿ԷŹ
ղţ˲һɱⰻȻھȻģǶ
Ʋ졣
Ȼ飬Ӷͨеֱ֯ӽն
Ѫɫڴɽ䣬Ⱦ첻̮ľ
Զʿߣ˲ûӸɳ
áÿ£
⼸ˣðģֱܱȵвǼˣ

Ĳ
Ƭɽɨߣûô⡣
ߣطɡ
˵
ԸȽϳĬԣԵ˵ͷ
һ뿪طǳżԨķȥһһġ
쵹û뵽ڵڶһڵˣм䣬Ҳǹȥ˺üˡǿˣս˿Ҳͬ
ſͷϣ˵УЩΪʲôɱ㡣
һȫһӣ͸һСĳƺš
һżѰһǿˣȥ

ԣ˽Ȼԭˡ漴΢΢ݣôǿ߶ǵԲһ㡣
ʵ֮ǰʩչֵ
ڵڶʱҴĵȻҲȴԶԶȲϸղŵֵţֵܺˣԤ콣
ǡ
ͷû
ͷûʲô
ȥԨԺһжûɣ
档
ͷǹ˹ѣһжȻܺá
£ָ·һ˲ĳżԨλöȥʵϣʱѾòָ·ˣΪ̫ʿǸطȥֻҪʿнķУܹ׼ȷĵִԨ
Ǽһ𣬾۷ǿ߶ù˼ɣǼԨһҪѹθ䱦Ѱһȱҩ
˫۷Ź⡣
켸ûдҩٿǧ꣬ǵȶôҡңҩѾԼʶˣóжҲץõ
һһ·ǰУӲ죬ҲԼһտƽԭ
ƽԭûһֲԵЩҺڣһֲĸоȥԶͺͺĴɽһƣԵüΪͣվˣ㡣
һɽ䣬һ޴ԨʣЩţȥҲ֪жԶѾʿۼԨңңĳš
ˣ

ǰԨ֪ǼԨоâ֯
վطԨȥ޷ײΪкŨĻɫƮţԨ·ĳȫסˣֻܸоһšԱߣҲڹƬԨһʱҲǶݣԲһɿµϢ
ԨпµĿݼŵ֯ЩɫǿݼŵʵԻĶʱ򿴵ɫƽʱѾǵࡣ

ۣɶ⻹ǵ
ʱ򣬷ȥԨｻ֯ĻɫŨסԨµĳǿǶȫ£Ȼǵ˺ܶĳ
켸⻰һȵı飬
Ʋ죬ôүүڲǲɣƽռ䣬ԨĻɫŨʮңƮӵȥ˵ţצָܵһͺͺɽûΪЩƵĴɽΪʲôһֲûУǱӳĻɫˡ
˱΢䣬ԭЩɽ֮ԹͺͺģȻԭ
ǣƬɫƽԭ֮տҲΪԨĻɫ
ʵ
Ȼ
ͷ
˳ԾңԨоâ֯Ԩǿ£
ԨһɽͷţеƮڿС
õȶţ

ү򡣡ԨڵЩɫʮԼʱ䣬Щɫǻȫɢʱܽ뵽·ȥˡȥԨΣԨĻȻǷǳ
มһ˱ڴ˾ȴ
ǿԽԽʿϵطԨΧһƬҴһɨҲǧˣڲͣ࣬ʿ
ܿ죬ʱһζ
һ죬ԨĻɫɢȥ˸࣬Ѿܹϡ俴·ĳˡ
ʱԨʿѾۼ˽ˡ
ǡ
ЩӴ˽Щȡ
ⲻʲôʮǰһΣһнӽʮʿط

⻰һԣҲ˵Ԩµ䱦ȷʵܶˣ򲻿ôʿϵ
ûɢꡣ
ǰ
ʱ򣬻Ͼͻɢɾ

һ˵һȥһ죬ԨĻɫ˵ǰȫɢȥʿд޶Уڸ֪ԷԨײĺХͶԷ˿ͺ󣬶ʱˡ
һʱ䣬ವƿͣʿԶˣȿֺĳǼԨڳȥ
ߣʱֻ죡

켸˵ͷٶȶܿ죬תۼԨԵֱײԾȥµĹУϵķֱ죬һɵĺ⣬һɱι㡣
ףռ佥ˣԨڵĿԴ˺ܶ࣬Ѿˡ
졣
һֹŹֵ˶졣
СԨж·ĿռǶˡҪ֪ȻγɣԳ֮ԨһԨȴǷǳɽ͵𣬼ԳһƬ΢С硣


814 뱦ɽ
Ļ΢΢ͷ½ٶԷŵĿһЩúһɽǵҰУһľԻɽ䣬׳ΰ
ǣһȴôľ
̾
ԨôŹ֣Ҳûʲô֮䣬Źֵ¶ȥˡ

ܿ죬һ˵ϡ
䵽ԨײĵϺƬռĻǿԿĸЩȥһɽʹֲ꣬Զŵٲȡ
棡
ֹ
ŵĵطþһɽԵʱʿҲλã˿ټɽڡûñ˷Ѱҩ
껨
׳ݣ
ҹʯƷıģ
ܡ
켸ѭȥɵЩ죬Ԩǲһ㣬Ÿոս룬в˶˱

ҽѪˮһߡ
ģ㾹ҡ
ŭ
ǰ˷˱ʿᣬһʱ䣬пսֱݺᣬܿʮʿڵϡ
켸˲ɵٴ̾ϢƬʵ̫ˣ洦ɼɱ¾
ߣүѰȥ
צӵ
ƬԨ£ɽһһЩȽӴĴɽһСɽһɽʶĴɨӣúҲãڳͨһЩ龧Щûʲôˣһ˶㲻ʲô
ˣһ£ƬԨ²ʲôŵޣаȿɲ١ƬԨʿȥЩ󽥽ǵ˱仯ڴĹеȡ

Ļ˵꣬Զвҽ
ȥһľվһ߸壬ɿݵצӽһʿᴩ
漴طҲȺƵ·ڲҽУҲ˷ŭ
켸΢죺У
үΣү˵УȻСƲ죬ָųֵļ߸ʬˣЩƬԨͨ飬ֻǿЩҴŸѣѶԸһЩǿľͺ鷳ˣǲʵǿᣬڻǵȻɫ漶ǿ߶϶пܱɵ
켸˽ǵͷʾ֪ˡ
󣬼ٴ̽ʶɨƬɽŴɽԶһЩطȥ
ƬɽܴһƬɽУٶȺܿ죬Ͼֻյʱ䣬ʱ£ҪСһʱ߳ɽ;Ѱ˼ʯѰ˰龧ͬʱҲѰʮͨҩ
ҩҩɣ
С
ֱӽ֮ӣҩôңǶļֵɿʥˡ
ƬԨڣɽ󣬷·һƬ㣬һ߽һƬɽɽ䣬ľһ꣬׳ľˣ绹Ҫ
һɽУǿʶſ̽ѰܡǵʵǺܾˣȻδΣʶȴǶͨǿ߲
ಣ
ǰƿ֮𣬴һɶζһ߸ɿʬ֣һ
һ飬˫۰ݣһС㣬ͫʡ
춯֣ᵯָһâ˸顣

Զըӣʬվ
Уʬʬб飬ҶǿǱѾԿȴǿˣǰϢš


וּһһֱۣһâԵ
͵Ⱥ𣬳ǶɲǼ䱻ն˸ȫһʣ
ÿµĵ
ۡ
춼ٴξȣȵʵЩޡ
ɽ࣬һٴǰУúɽѰ˸飬õ˲ٶдֵĶȴûУЩͨ龧ȡ
ʱ󣬼߳ɽԨЩȥ
ȵȣ
ͻȻ쿪ڡ
ϱߣǸһ۵Сɽڵϣֲϡ衣
һ˳ĿȥСɽϣʵôˣ
Сӣз֣
ʵ
춢СɽСɽȥͨȴ·ɹ⣬ɽһڵϵ롣
Сɽ򵥣Ӧûкö
˵
ô˵Ͱﶯݣֱǰһ
ߣɱȥߣıڳ

֪ƿشƺɽȽǷǳУȻ˵Сɽ򵥣ͱضв׵ı
ȻҲûгɣͷ·ٶȺܿ죬תۼСɽԵ
壡
еವĳС
ŸոտСɽڣռһܼɱԵص³˳
˽һɱ⣬նǿˡ
ͬʱ֣Ƭɱ⣬ץ˻
ȥүˣ
ۡ
˵ǰеɱֱۣӳȥǿҲᱻɱ
үģһ˵꣡

죺
ü˸Լǰɱ۵ڣŵӣ쵽صףܿǽ·ĵɱȫס
ߡ
Ϊﵽͨɾ죬ԴɱһΣƿ˴£ȻҲǿˣӦĵɱֺܼ򵥡
ܿ죬һ˿ɱ֣뵽ɽ֮ڡȥСɽڵֲ٣ǰһϿȣϿȺŵİ֯š
쳯СϿȥֱУУܵİŨҰסˣֻܿڵľ롣˲ãʵһŨҩ㣬ֻһʯһɫĲꡣ
ߣҶӤİưת˿˿ƵľӨ
ҩǰһֱӻӶצӣ֮ȡ˹벻Ƭ۵СɽȻǬȲ׵ıҩⶫٴδ⾫ʶԴǿ߶ҲŲСļֵ
Сɽƺʼղ˿룬ûʿĺۼ
ʱ˵
˶ͷȥȻȷʵûĺۼ
ǰǰУúǰĿռŤһ̵ɱڿг֯ſµ
ɱʿ
ۡ
̧֣ļӡѹ¡
͵촫ƻ۳ӡתۼɱ
ƿˬ

һ˸󣬼ϿߣİʱȺɱ֣вǿߣƿȴ㲻ʲôһɱֶǱ߽ʹһûаգܿϿ
ϲ꽥ʢŨһǷҩ


815 벽
ȥһҩߣžӨĹ֯ɢҩ㼫ΪŨҾ۶ɢǷǷһЩҩ޶ǼΪˣгǧʷһ˽Ϊ֮Ծ¶Щâ
ʶģѪģģԪģӦоУ
ۡ
˵ЩҩһʲСıء
£һ˸Զ֣ҩȫժ
Сӣ˵ıЩ𣿵ҲǲвСļֵ

ЩҩһһǶԲʲôʤ֮ܶ࣬ҲǿЩʵѪǣʶȱøǿЩ
ӦòǣǻмֵĶŶԡ
ҡͷ
н֯ŵƹ⣬ŵ׶ʱһȦȦɢʮ졣
һ֪̽ɽ㶼ûгţһߵȴš
ˣתۼ䣬ʮȥ
ʱкһ΢⣬ͷصס
棡
˵
˶˳ŵȥн΢˸
ڣ
ֱӻӶצӳŵصȥԤϣĵӲĺܣΪȻֻһѣצЩ顣
ɵõ̵ۣģʲôƵأȻôӲ


ǰһɫȭͷ𣬺ݺݶŵȥʱ䣬¡һ죬ֱӱƬ³磬ܵŨɢ˴롣
׼ãһ
̬ͬ׵ǶȲϣСӵô£
ۡ
һЦû˵ʲô֡
һΪǿģܿʹ㣬¶ӼӲĽҲ㡣ʱ·ҲԵЩˡ
õ

ͷֱӳһƷĳ콣նȥ
ҲƷԳ֣ʹýʯѡ
ܿ죬Сӹȥ
һ̣һʯƿһŨӿһһëƺҪſһ㡣ʱ򣬷۳ȥĽʯ֮£һѵľӨˮʣ鶴
龧󣡡
ֱ˫ۣˮû
һĨâæ֣һ󣬽طѹסԷֹʿֶ
·һ龧һ𣬴Թƣžǧ
Ⱦǧ龧ˣ
ذ

ʱ򣬲𺳣Ҳ¶ݡ
ô龧һ۷ǿ߶ۺ죬ƴᡣ
ץʱ䣬Ϊ
˵
龧Ǵľۺ壬ʿԣ۴ʲôľֱΪҲκθãȻԻ羳ĳǿҲһֻҪӴ󵽳˵ԣǸǿߵΪһ㲻Ҫǿ
ֲһƣǺͰ׼õ龧ԡ
һ໥ͷһλϥ£ֱתԵĹž
תۼѣط龧Էų貵Ĺâһûȥ
ˣ
һߣâ龫ӿڣһһߵĴͬʱ֮ǡ
һԴԱߣСһѽĻʼһط龧ʹ񵰱ø
ʱ龧ӿȥͬһ˵ٲ㽫û
һĻʹһһԵЩ졣
һ˺ܿƽͶС
ʱֲһĹâ֯Ƭռʹط龧ɿļ٣תۼʮ֮һҡ
ת̫ľĬĬУĽâ龧壬ǿʢͬһ̫
Աߣǻâһʱ佫طȫûˡ
ΪƬԨͣʱǳޣֻգԣʱһ˶ǽԵĹžת˼³̶ȣɢĹâȻǺŨʹܵ龧ɿţ龫ӿһڡ
ˣ
⣬ɫŨһ˵ĳ̶ȣ򲨶ɢԱøǿˡһ̣ʶһƬŰҹ棬ճ䣬Żܣļ棬һ
һͰƬݱ䣬ŷʢ˥໥ת
漴ģϵĵ򲨶ԽԽŨиĴӡУʹľȶһɿٶš
ܹоһУȴĬĬԵú
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
һ̣ط龧ƬѾֻʣʮ֮һˡ
Ҳʱĵ򲨶ﵽһٽ㣬ʹȻ˫ۡ
Լ䣬ʵĹ˫ͫ׷·һ˲Ϣ仯Ƭ޴棬
벽
Ե
΢΢ȭͷǣʶѪøǿΪҪǣתһɵ֯ȭˣκοֲȴ嫵ˡ
΢΢һɲ֪ʲôĵ򣬵ȴǲû̫⣬ܿ򲨶Ҳǻ䣬ûʧ
䣡
ĹǿȺ֯ͨɾ죬ϰ벽Σĵ򲨶øŨˡ
̫ˬˣ
С
ûйȥãһѾֻа벽ľ룬ʵٶȾˣ۹ŽҲûκܹȡ
ҲЩâ֯ȴû˵ʲô
ʱ龧ʣв٣һֶʼ֮Ϊ
ˣתۼһʱȥ
һ̣ط龧ױ˸ɾֻʣһЩ龧
һվԾǱǣͶ䶼˫ơ
벽ͨɾΣȴԶԶͨͨɾؾսȽǱͨͨɾǿ˺ܶࡣ
Сӣﻹûбأ
ʵ
ûˡ
ҡͷ
̧֣֮ǰµķ⿪ʱһƷ˴ƮķΪ۷弶󣬲ܸϢܵ
һʱ䣬ߣѰȡڳ龧һ뵽ȥֻпΣɣ

ǰƿһĵɱ֣ܿ߳Сɽ
ڿն뿪Сɽطȥ
УĿƬԨڵɽͶľˣƬƬһһЩյٲаɸߣ׳ĺˡ
ΰʵһԨµĳ



816 
ŰĻ첻ɵõͷԴидƬԨµĻȷʵܲ
һڿУúֽڵУΪĻ˵ڵϲܸõķ䱦ϾﲻƮڿУ඼ڵر͵صס
Сӣȫȡڳһ
е
бҪҪڳ
ǿǸԴĶʮҲû١
ȻǼõģ
˫۷

쵱
һƬԨµɽ䣬ٶȶܿ죬üͷ壬ͨҲͿռζѣ׼Ǳɻҡ
ֿɾ΢΢ݣʮնһ콣â
һǸطʯѿ¶һͷС龧
ͨ龧ˡ

̧֣ս֮С
һʱ򣬼ǿӿ֣ͨɳڵʿһ붢סеǿ龧нǴ˷̰֮ܺɫ

һЦ
һ
һˣǿ߶ɱͨɵһʿȻжᱦԳƲʵһ˺һֺյĸо
ȰС˵ȥޡ

ʹһ䣬ɱʱɢ
֪ôĶһ·ڿԲˣ
ֱɱ
һʱ䣬չܼͨĺѹ£ֱƼҪ顣
Ӵ̵ģһ·ڿûҪˡ
ż˵Ļ
䣬ֱ̽צӣڱθ죬ѹǴأʿͬʱ·
ʱ䣬˻ӳͨȫ飬һɰӿܵĿռȫûˣĵķ顣
һСȴʹٴθоƬĲпᣬƬʱٱ˶ᱦ¡
߰ɡ

һƬɽУûʲôջ񣬲ú߳ɽ
ǰһЩʿҴҶУ࣬ɿ쳯塣
ЩʿУЩǽУڵ˵һЩ¡
淢һ
ȷʵǣһɽѿˣ¶һǹƣ
⡭ƬԨôܻһ⡭̫Ź˰ɣ
ȷʵܹŹ֣ҲΪˣ˶ȥˣǿ߳漫пܴ䱦Ϊϵĵƺܲһ㣬ǳ£
ʲô
ȺʿٶȺܿ죬תۼǳ˺Զ
켸Ⱥʿ뿪ӰȻ˶ԷĻ΢΢ݡ

ۡ
ȥ
ܱ
ֱӣߣȥ
ƿһ׼ֻǴһ׼ֶѣǿĿ£ķָǶôֲԻǳˡͻȻֵĹڿܴȻҪȥһ
һ˸Ⱥʿ󣬺ܿһǳΰĴɽǰȥɽһѿˣر³࣬һǹ¶⣬Ͽӡĵƣ򽣬ͬǹϵļģǳ¡
Щƣǿ߿ӡ£ǳ
˵
ﵽ۷壬ȻܹоЩƵķǷ
ˣˣˣ
ʱһǹۼʿвǿڳ֣ͨЩƣҪ֮ĥ󣬲ܴһͨڵŻ
Щʿ֮ͣͨ⣬Ƭɽͣ𶯣¶һǹܣһı𿪡
ܿ죬ǰȥ

һ촫ڣ¶һǵϵĵƱĥ𣬱һȱڡ
ʱۼܵʿ˫۷Ź⡣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյʿȫǸȱڴȥ
һ̣ںǿһֹһͷʮͷܿͨĴǿߣˣϢϯʮ

ǰʿУ˲ҽУɱ
ֲʿľ˶ںˡ
ߣ
һһϸһͷԳֱӽͷȴǿߵɷɻҽС
⡭Ԫ£в򶼷ǳ˵Ҫˣ
ʿľϳǿꡣ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬⼸ǿϢƬ顣
ӰٶȺܿ죬תۼǴ鿪Ĺȱڴ˹С
ӣ¦ʥ˾ȻҲˣвȥǼ⣬ûǵĶְ
һˣâƵƺһµĴ𣬴ڴأ
⡭
ʿ𺳡
ԶԶվһߣȻҲǷ⼸˵ǿѪǳʢ
ߣ
壡
涨
ʱʿɵóǰתۼдȺ˳ڡ
Ԩ£Ƿһ˵ȷʵ˹Ź֣Ҫǣǵϵĵƺܲ򵥣ǳ£˱ĵһڼԨµĹضˣһĺö
һʱ䣬ವƿʿתۼд˵ڡ
ߣҲȥ

׼õ˸һԣٶȶܿ죬˲Ϣǰһǿ뵽С
ںܻ谵ϢޱŨһСңǽš
ʱǴڵĵطԵЩտһʿӿЩʿУǷǳ˷ܣѭŲͬĵ·ȥѰ䱦
һԭͣ˻ᣬָһһ˱ȥ
ܿ죬߳˺Զ;˲ٵңȴʲôҲѰ
С㣬ָ·װ
˵
үѡġ
ۣѾȥġС㡱ƺˡ
һ˼ǰߣһҡ
úǴ򿪵ʮңжʱ˵߳˳Щ߲׳ͨĴС޼ɭɭͫͬаڤߣԵЩ£һëȻĸо
ɫһףŵæ㵽ӡȻΪǿ󣬿նͨĴǿߣǱϾһŮӣڶһĶűܵηСʵϣЩҪǴһ㣬и߰ɳẦ£ΪЩ̫СˣһƬӿһ¡
СﵨС
סȡЦ
̧֣콣һĻӿܼ߸ն˸顣
ôôߣ
к档
Щ߶߱Ϣһ֣䱾ûʲôֵֵĵطһô鶾߾ڣԵЩŹˣͺǱΪһ


817 һ
վڳߵĵǰ΢΢üͷڣô߾ʵǺܹŹ֣Щϳ
СӣôʲôϽߣһȺС߶ѣ𵢸ѰĴ¡

ֿǵңҲ벻ʲôͼŴȥ
Ҳ֪жˣĿ⣬ǳŨ
ǰûжãǰ𣬳һڵУһ˫ɫͫǰ
һפ㣬ȥ漴ǼźУһͷɶ೤Ŀ˳ͷûаƵž˵Ϣſһˡ


ôһߣͲˣ뱨ĸоǰ̫ʸ
۵һߵüıᴩֱԵڵأ鴤ºû˶
֣һܽӣղſǱһȺСŻˡ
߹ȥŵϵĴߵʬ壬һ绯ҽ
˶٣˵Ҳûô⣬ȥʱȴûκεȣߵǶľˣ̶̰ӵʱȺߣܿͨɼڡ
䣡
ϢϵڰߣŸõţɱ
Ѳɣ
ü
һ콣նһɽâ˾ڰ顣
ǼǰߣʶſȴǲûѰʲôûʲôջ

úǰͻȻҽо˵ܲϯ
ˣ˱ʲôˣ

пܣûϵ
ͨ˴ܶ࣬󲿷ֵطɣЩ죬ϾĵʵǺټһһУһңҵһЩĹżûʲôջ
ģǰĹʼо˵Щλô

ҽٴԵЩңƺʲôµĶ
һŵǰУúǰĵƿˣǱʲôһ㣬һЩɵǽĽ˹
еơ
ָһλ˵
ȥĵطȷʵЩƵĺۼѾ챻ĥɾˡ
ĵƣңȥĵơ
˵
òʲôݿ°ɣ
Сӹ

첻ɵôЦǰȥ
ƿĵطǰŴƬĹɽʯǳ档
һ˲طǰĲҽЩ
ǲӺܿ죬úǰܼʿܻңһߺǰҲͨС߲һӿͬ˰ɱʿЩ߶飬ϢȴǷǳ£һȺ΢Сӿһ۷ʿûת۱㽫һѪ˸ɾһ߰׹ǡ
طʮͷÿһͷɣƵŨˡңУмͷۼ׺ǣһĴǿ߻Ҫ£ͨɾʿһȥͷû³
ǽˣ
ӣǰСһƬͫɭЩˡ
Ҳв׵Ķ
˵ָǰ
ǰȻ߼࣬ǵȴвҩĽƬȣƷʿһȺսһ߷ĳᡣ
ĹУһЩʿǷ˲пĽ棬в˲
ûЩʿŸǰһЩƿȺʿܿһЩߣȥĿռڵ䱦һλá
ǲʲôܿ߳˺Զ
䣡
غ𶯣ǰһͷ߳𣬳ֽɫۼױ鲼ͷϵֻǺǴ׳һſھǴƬʴˣļ벽ǿѡⲢû꣬⼸ҲƵĽ߳𣬽Ժܿ¡
˱סȥ·һͷߵͺͫ׳ɫֱӹɱһˡ
̧֣նһ
ͣ
ͷնĽĥ
ʹЩ죬ǰͷЩ£ԶԶ֮ǰЩͨ߿ȣǿڵնĽȻĥˡ˵սԣͷ߸ǿ˺ɱǿߵ顣
䣡
䣡
䣡
⼸򣬳ͷ߹ǿ꣬Ȼ֮ǰǿƳֵļˣΪвԪ£ӣ¦ʥǿĺܣÿһγֶŤʢѪ˿ΣĲ
۵һԪϸһԳӰĮһͷնɱ
һߣӿһͷߡ
ͬһʱ䣬¦ʥһͷߣѪȾա
ǿ
вѾܳȥǼ⣬ûܵס
£
˵
ˣ
Զɫ𶯣Ƶ񷡣
ȭɫȭӰѹգֱӽǰͷ˸ķѣɫѪһضǡ
⡭
ͺһֲͷߣ
ÿµǣ
ʿļ£󣬵ǰ벽Ϊ󣬱ǸӺȻ
벽Ϊ⡭Ҳûôǿɣ
ЩĲŵˡ
һͷߣһ˼ǰȥƬռĸλá
ÿμСӵ⾪ȣ̬һ

ϵðܼĺߣʲô̬᲻˵
Ʋ죬˸İۡ
ʱವһһһͷðĵص³ͬһ㳯ȥɢϢޱֲˡȥһϱ鲼磬ͬѪˮȾİ㣬Щˡ
⡭񽣣
ǡУϢ
һ
ʿ
ǶݣԱɫ
СӣһƷ񽣣ץס
е־ϲ
׼úҲ¶ɫâ
ҲΪһƷ˿һֱӽرתո񽣣֮ȡĿرǿˣǿΪ֧ţҽصǚiҲתɣ񽣵Աߡ
ٽ񽣣һʱо˼ΪֲɱϢǵȽ̫Ũˣնɱ㣬ɵôʹҧоâ֯رת£ɫƵ񽣽ȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ɱѹٶȿ켫ɢžɱĲֱüģͺΪһбĹ
ͬһʱ䣬һ򣬾˵ƵһӰУնһ⣬Ǳ죬顣
Ȼ⼸˾̫Զ񽣣ȴҲᵽʱԼͬĳ֡


818 
ĹɱЩ£Ȼǿڵ죬Ҳǲɵñɫܡ
¡һ죬ĵɱ˺ĲԶĿռֱӱ飬ʱ˳
ಣ
Ҳʱƿ񽣲ܵĿرţâһͬһԶȥתۼʧ
ģ⼸˵
ƿڴ
ۼѾҪǱץУȴǱǿиţߣĲСȻǰҲüһâ֯
ǿɶ񣡡

ʿҡͷǰ죬
ϧֻһͱ˶ᵽˡ
ǰ
ûǼ˳֣ѾյС
ʿ
ҲһЩʿ¶âδߣˣǱлԶᵽˣ
һʱ䣬ʿȺƽ֮ǰ˴ܴıǰ˿̣Щһ񽣣ȻǸӼܣ˶ʼԼֳ񽣺ɨ˷ĳ
Ԫ¼˶񽣷ߵķнǾâտտʱٿһۣٶȷǳ죬λöȥȻҪȥǱ񽣡
ﬣ
ʱܼĽâնԺǿᣬʹüüԼֹסŲ
˸âһƷڿż˱˹ȥ
û⼸˳ɱ֣ѾǱյУᱻߣк⣬Ͻâ£˿Ҳεɱ⣬
⡭ƷȻȼı
ҪǼ˶֣
Ǽ˿ɸ򵥰⡭
˶ݣʱȻǧߺǰҲǲɵƫͷ졣һ̣λ˼һ£Щ˶ᵽͷŭǣЩȴ֪Ԫµ˷ǳǿ󣬼˱ˣǶǲɵóԾ
Ԫµ˱Į졣
벽ѣѰ·
Ԫ
е콣ޣֱնһɳĽռѣݿ˽ɫ䡣
ҵ죡ʲôôô£
Ű벽ѣȻƣ
⡭
˳
ԪҲǶݣʱ֣һԳӰ֣ӭ
¡һ໥ײ⣬󣬽âԳӰͬʱ顣
ɢ̳֯ԪһҲȴâ̳УһӰһƬâն̳ٴγԪ±ȥͬʱҲӣ¦ʥǸеĴС
ȽâϬˣɱʮ㣬ŤһƬա
һˣͬʱĸǿߣңˣһ㰡
ҪǣŰ벽ΰͨ벽ʿǿ˺ܶ౶ǣͬʱĸȴƺǡ
⡭ǡ
𺳣ֻʵ̫ǿˣڰ벽ȴͬʱ۷ǿߺһӶ̫ھˡ
ӼûһߣΪĶǴڴ۷壬Ѫʢ¯콣âǿᣬȴǲڻ⼸ηˡ
һˣ벽Σͬʱǣ
ӿڵѹնһƬ콣
¦ʥԪԼǴǸԶ֣ϵĽâ𿪡
үģ˭˵ֻһˣ
һ
˹Ƶž˵ֱӶ֣һڳͨ
䣡
ﬣ
𶯣⺧ˣ粽ϣ䵭
ߣ
󷽣۹̧ĵ̫ʸ
ವƿ̫ʸռ䶼ᴩˣգۼǱƵĴǿǰ֧ԴȪɱ
䣡
ռ𶯣һɹ쫷磬طʿĺɣһЩҲ꣬ȿϢһɡ
Ϊ̫壬Ϊ壬޵ڶҲţһͬʱɵʵЩˣĶӵ˽ֶݱɫûһ˴⣬Ǵǿͨӭһ
¡һƬռһζƺһ̾Ҫ̮˰㣬ǿ¡
ﬣ
ʱٴγ콣ĽâƺҪչᴩ
䣬ֳƷն콣âˮһ׹䣬ǻӶɫȭֱԪѹ¡ңͬһʱ䣬صǚiʩչͻԪµķΧƽԷǰȭͷֱӺ䡣
ˣ
ֲһȭ콣â¡
Ԫɫ䣬һʱٶ̫죬һȭ̫£ʱܣֻõͺһͨݻʮԳӰ˶ԳȭӶϣȭ
͵һ촫ʮԳӰɲǼ䱻ɫȭ˸ķѡ
Ľɫȭ˲٣ȴȵԪϡ
飡
Ԫͬ˰ɣڿбͿȳһѪ
һĻطĲɫ
ǸԪ£Ȼˣ
ôܣ
ȻвԪҲǳǿˣ֣ͬ׳𣡿ȴȴȻһ벽ʿ
˾㤣벽죬Ȼһȭ˴Ԫ£
ЩͨʿʱȻڻ˵ĹɱĶӺ¦ʥҲǶݣ¶ɫǿԪ£Ȼһȭˡ
ƤͦӲСһȭȻûը
ʱЦ
⻰طһ̲סһԼͬ졣⻰ǰ˵Ǳȴǿ߻Ҫǿᰡ
䣡
ԶԪֹסɵΣסӣɫñ䶢졣
Ҫۣ
һ˿ѪһΣյĲɢŭηӿ
Դˣ̧־һֻ֣ˣ
飬ֱϣȫ֡
ˣ
һȭǿѹĿռѡ
ͬʱٴ콣Ҳ˳ڰɫƮƬռÿһ䣬ǿҲС⼸Ǹʱɱ֣ûܹץס񽣣һʲôûзģȥ̬ʵ񣬴ʱ֣Ǵűɱ⡣
ȫµ

ɱ⼸ˣûôʵΪǰ⼸ȷʵǿ󣬲Ϊܶ࣬ͬ˿ɵ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ڰɫͬ񽣰㣬Ԫºˡ
СǣȫʩΪɵ⼸˲ѵ˵

һһǿͨͬʱֱƷ˳
ͬһʱ䣬ҲʶĵϯƬռ䣬ƺҪһжƻ
Ҳ

£оԲ³ÿһֶޱʥ࣬ǰѹ¡
ЩŸУܰƽܳ磬ȴӲݣҺǣģҲԼʶ󣬾顣


819 
Բµնÿһֶͬʵ£ɢĲʥ嫣˲طʿݡ£Ǿ֣ʵںܾˡ
⡭
˵
ˣ
Բ½֯⣬Ĵǿͬʱ֣ѹǶϡ
ңͬһʱ䣬˵ʶĳͨҲһ£żƷܵĿռȫסˣĴǿɫ
һ˲䣬Ĵǿ߸Լ붯֣ĹɵƷԻ
ΪܺǶ
Ԫº
ڰ벽һնȫ
ӭϡ
һ̫ľתޣϢʮ񷡣
ͬһʱ䣬ˣԴ߶ԼĹžķսʼ
Ҫ飬Ū⼸˵

ﬣ
ǰ콣Ҳһɢֲɱ
ǰĽն죡նأնһУ
Ⱦɱϣͬʱɱ⣬ĴǿΧУâ׹⣬ܣ̫ӿ
һƬռ俪ʼһŤͣıѣ·Ҫ˰㡣
⡭
ǡ
ĸ벽һͨɾ죬ôôֲ

⻹𣿣
ܣһʿȻ
Щ˲֪죬Ͱ˿ɶ壬壬ûǵʺѪƣǼȴǲȫһ࣬Ǻޣ޵ڶδﵽ벽սȻҲͬңȴ⣬һ֮ǰᾧԴǿһ࣬սȻǿһͿ
䣡
ܵĿռڽŤÿһ䶼ˣֲһӿϡ
ʱһһǷǳµģԪµһ̽ĺĸоƷȫʩΪ뷨չ˳
Ȼ䣬ش𶯣ҵܲһȦȦɢȥѹһƬƬա
ļŵӰͬʱɣԪѪҲǺݺݲҪĴǿԺһЩȴҲ̫࣬ҲЩˡ
ģΪ̫ˣң⼸˵Ҳȷʵ򵥣һͬʿҪǿ١

н֯âӱ䣺ûʲôˣǻǿδʩеδչбûмǲǶ֣
ǰһĻʱͼǿ£ǿûд˵ĵҲδҪǣǻһ׼ǲĴɱһΪȫ߶ǰ⼸˰ٷ֮ٵֵס
̵ģ׵ȫ
Ц
켸˶һۣ໥ͷٴαǰȥһοʼǡ
ԪµĴǿĿ˵ǿƱɱǣûһ˻һ̣һĴǿ뽫
ǸС̨ףиǰһǵ蹵̶ȣҲˣºţҲսֻһ
¡һ֯âתĴǿԻǿս
һʱ䣬ƬռˣЩҲǲɵϢжóٻ
һԪµĸǿߣһ̽ǿܣսͨ
ﬣ
ʱ𣬽̶ɱâҪն
ңͬһʱ䣬һɾ˵ϢƵ˵ĺХ
ʿһƫͷ
ǸղǱ񽣣
â
Ĵǿƫͷ漴ˣһԾԳʱǵٶȶܿ죬֮ǰˣȻҪȥ񽣡
Ŀһֱϣ콣âն죬Ĵǿߡ
ﬣ
ĽâϬһȴûܹĴǿȫֻԪΪ֮ǰһȭ˶ٶЩضȥ·

ԪºԳɱȥҪ
ӭϣɫȭգȻֻһˣһվҪһЩ
Ԫԣ䣬ɱŨ
Ķ
û˻ϲ˳ԼԪȻҲһһƷ߶ޣҲһƵŭѹ졣
ߣ콣âɨ𶯣ɫȭҵһζ
ͬʱһ̿ڣɫ᣺һϣٶȽ
䣡
ﬣ
µ˲䣬ѹ䣬൶ɽ٣ͬʱʶѹ˹ͬʱҲǻƷǶȫڹɱ
үϲЦЦдɱ⣺ҷһȺзһ
һƷ߶ޣɫһе֯УԴݿ֮ƳԪѹ¡
¯壬һʱ졣漴ٴγʶҲʱ˹ֱӳмԪȥ
ʱ䣬ռֱӱˡ
ܣһʿ֣˫ۣһĻһҲ˵
棬̫ˣ
Ԫ¶ʱ¶֮ɫֲĴͬʱѹһ˲·׹޼а㣬͵򶼱ѹˣʩչͣķ
ҪɱңŹң
ġ
ү

쿪ڣֻһ֣ɱ
¡һһѹ£񱩵̼佫ԪûݻƷֻ꣬вѪƬռƮš
ɱɱǸԪ£
⡭
ȻһɱһˣǡУûκ˴ﵽ
ǰһʿȻ
£ȻвҲֻǼ޵е
ô˵ǳɳȥѵԿǼ
ϱǿ߳ƣвǼгɾͻ羳ʱ⼸ˡҲǱ
˻̿֡
羳Ϊме·۷壬ˣǸˣҲǵۻʡ
ۻߣ飬£
ǡгƵ۵ʱ
˲
УԪµѪƮţ˿˿ƣĿġ
˶̵ģ

һűñȡΪԪµ˵ĹϵˣĲС
ˣϽߣǱȥ
˵
һתߣٶȿľˣȥ
˵ղţȴ񽣴ɱϢ⣬ͬҰһǺХܲ򵥡
Ҳˡ
С
һɿȥȴӰ໥Ľ
å֮ǰ˵Ӧкܿµڡ



820 ſ
Ļ˽ǵͷһ֪Ĳ²пܡ
֮СһЩ

һٶȺܿ죬ͬƶתɣܿԶ
ȥ·ϣŲߵĲ˶ӦǱӵɱǰеĹУܻ߳ɱ
ôȫߣңö࣡
ֹ
Ҳ΢Щ죬ڵĶδ̫ˡ
찵ҡҡͷȥ룬콣âһɨȫն
һٶȺܿ죬һתǰɡ
ﬣ
𣡡
ǰ̶Ľ˵Ŀռ䶼ڲͣĻζ
˽Զݣǽܿ£ǵͬҰްǷǳˡ
һЩ

˼٣ԼֹȥʮƬ
ȥǰĴ߽һ𣬽һ׳ĸʬΧм䡣ǸʬݷɫצӺܳҪǣͫԻһߣͫûʲô𣬶ܣЩػһ㡣
𣡡
ʬϢ죬ɿݵצһգŲץȥ
ϣһ·һ㣬նһâʬ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ʬܣĴ߳ţǱ񽣣Ҫڱθ졣
וּһĽâ켤䣬ʱնгߣ漴д׳˽׹£ֱǿնؼһа㡣
һĻ˽Զݣ¶ɫ
ⸯʬÿ£ôȥһͫ׺ߵ۾һģһЩߣƺڻСԾŲϣǱ񽣣Ȼɱͷʬڿ߶һ⡭
ȻͰҲǳԾȷʵܹŹ֡
䣡
ǰ˵Ϣ񽣽âɢտ죬ͣı鿪
ĶԾЩˣǿ񽣣ɴ˿ȴҲǰ
һͷʬһȻһʶ㣬û
ۡ
춢ǰ˼ζὣɰκȴüû뵽⣬ʵͷʬЩ£˿ɢɱҲһֲܿΪʱ򿿽һʱͻͬʱܸʬ񽣽Ĺɱ
Ǹʬ֮ǰĹаʬĹԴħҪºܶࡣ

𣡡
ﬣ
ʬƬռ䱻Ϣɱ˴Ƭһʱ侹ǲòˣʵϢЩ£Ѿǳɢ˹
ҲʱƫͷסӰжʱâ
ԶӵѾطܾã񽣺󶼺ܼȴҲǲǰᣬΪǸʬ񽣼̫£Ƕмɵ
ˣ⽻֯
˼ƫͷ˳ĿȥȻҲǿ˶ӵˡ
û񽣣̵ģȽ⼸˸ɵ
ҧ
ͷҲô룡ͬʱ֮ȡʱٵô谭
וּһ콣һĽâն£ӵնȥ
âɶ೤ǳ£ת֮ӵǰ
Ӽ˶ǿߣԶһǿͬʱܿһҲǷһˣӾֱɨ˹ȥ
ǵǻˣ
¦ʥ
ԱߣҲӱ䣬ǻ֯âͫɭǱ
ɱ
ֻһֱ֣ϡ
üĹâţֱӽʶչ˳ɫɫ֯ƺƵĳ𣬽ķÿһռ䶼ˣͬʱɱǿߡ
С˵ȡүģ
ƿڴɫƷһǿĹɱ
棬Գſʶͬʱǿȥ
һ˺ǿȴҲ֪¦ʥ˲Ȼûв׾һȫɱطĿռһŤûʮ
¦ʥ˴ȣԳ֣ҲƷ͸Եǿͨ˵ǿȷʵҪ֮ǰԪǿһЩ˿ɢƷǳ¡
䣡
˫ͨײһ𣬽طðռ俦Ĳͣ졣
Сӣӣ
˵
Ȼ
¶â
һһֱ̣ӽ׼ɽӳʼһֱһɿֲѹɢֱѹ¦ʥǿߵͨط
׼㡭
¦ʥ˱ɫ
һһ̶ϣɽӵһУֱѹ¦ʥ
һ߶
˵
˽Եͷһ̣ʶһɹǿͬʱӿ뵽ɽ֮ڣʱʹ׼âţڱãã񷡣
¡һǿУ¦ʥֱӱڴ֮£ֵ³
ˣ
ɽ֮ϣͼƵӡһ˵ķ߶»˹ͬʵĴڰ㣬һ֮ڣû¦ʥ

¦ʥҽУȻڴ죬ȴҲסƣֱӱ顣
һ飬ʧȥС
˵һɽӺݺһ𣬵һĨɱͬʱʶ󣬵㽫˵ѪĨɱһɶ
ӺеǱɫ¶ݣû뵽˾Ȼһ׼
һɵ

ƫͷֱӱƹȥɽӹâţƺƵĳŶѹ¡
ʱչȫ߶ɽӣΪʱ׼ɽѾѹƶˣϾǵΪȸոյõɽʱǿ˲٣׼ӷӳӿµơһȫ߶׼Ѿɱصǿˡ
ˣ
ɽӷƸǿѹء
ӺˣڴӣӲȫ
ǻˣ

Ԧɽӣͬʱʶ󹥻ǿߵƶ
ﬣ
ͻȻƬĵص׺𶯣Ž𣬴̶ǳ
һԶĵˣһͲϵһģһĴ󽣳һɢźպת۳ڲϵǱԱߣͬһֵܰ㡣
⡭һ񽣣
ۡ
ҲǶݣһʱ䣬ɱǿߵĹƲɵͣ
𣡡
ǰʬϢϣͫױ糺죬ɿݵצӿȥʱҪȴµˣǲ񷣬ץ񽣡
ĹЩ£ǱɢϢֲ˺ܶ࣬Ĳ
˶һĻɵһɾ㤸Уֻͷʬһŵǿ߰㡣
ﬣﬣﬣﬣﬣﬣﬣ
ʱ̶ĽƬռλȺֳ߿񽣣ǺȳǱһģһͬͬԴ֯һĽ


821 ͵ɸ
ſ񽣳ۼһ̼ɢһɻĲ˽ɫ䣬ֻоһ⡣
Ʒңһģһ
ﾪ
ſƷƬУ˿һԻ˵ˡ
һ̣첻ɵͣ˹ɱƣĿھſϣǾݡ
ȵȣүˣͻȻڣ˵һǧǰľŽͬΪĽʥƬй۷һս˽ǲ֪١ſƷ񽣣ƺƺǵǸŽ
ʲô
˵Ȼ˽˹
ǰ𶯵ľſ񽣣ס˸ޱȿ϶ˣǸŽ˵ţǱ߻Ƶĸߴʬͷ飬ӦǵǸʥǵǸʥĻնƺ䵽ط
⻰Ƕݡ
µĵһڣ
ۡ
˵ƺЩ̫˼
н֯âʱͷͬĻпܾ˵ɣңطĵƣȷʵһڱңҲܹ⹬ΪʲôôˣΪǽʥô֮ǰǼƻ˺ܶ࣬ʱƲǱʲôõˣӦþǵ걻ŽԾ񽣸ġ
ô˵꣬ɫ΢䣬ôƲĻȷʵǷǳϡ
ﶢǰ⡭ڣһڲƵ
ûˣûǰϵľſ񽣣˵ݴǸŽЩһʶһ׼ſƷ񽣣ʹƱҲΪˣſȻûб꣬ȴѾȥľŽִʱ֪ʬеϢ󣬽ǶʼҪ֮նɱھ֮¡
һʶһ׼˾ſ
켸˽Ծ
ʿԣޱҪʶҲһˣľŽȻ֮£ȻԼһʶһ׼Լľſڱ
÷裡
ľ
Ǻܷ裡ҲΪˣſǿĺˣһܱƷҪǿᣡǿˣƺһƷȴſƷ񽣸նˣֻ˼ĵûĥ𣡡
⻰˶ǲɵſ񽣣ȷʵſ̫ˣ
ŵү²⣬Žͽʥ۷һսݽߣǡ׹䵽Ԩڣ˫˫󣬾ôƾõ£ʥЩΪƬԨĹϵа
ĬĬͷһУӦþˡ
ﬣ
ǰһƴˣҪﳹն
˲ɵúˣֹ˫
һ򣬶ӺǴʱɽӣȥǾâֱֱĶžſ񽣣طȻž
𣡡
ʬƬռ䣬Ҳڷѹſ񽣡
ֻǣſ̫ˣһһС
⡭ǻôὣѽ
ӡ
ʱ򣬾ſ񽣺һ̫ˣͷʬҲǿֲˣ£طκ˳ȥ˲䱻ɱȻתرɽӣҲܵס
⻰ɵüǰԣҪὣȷʵ鷳
̵ģ֮ǰǼ˵ʼǱ񽣱СȡУǻԸһٻ˽񣬾Žһ𣬼һ壬ʵǡ˵ţһɱ˵ӣүүģ
춢Ųϵľſ񽣣н֯˿˿âʱȲǣ֮취ȡС˵ţƫͷӺǴǿߣеɱ˿ҲΣڣȺ˸
⻰ƫͷȥӺ
ܺãүţŪС˸ӣ

˵ţɫ˫һֱӺƵӿȵʩչͨע뵽ͷɽڡ
ֱӺɱ

Ȼô룬ȫ߶ɽӣƺƵĳǿѹȥ
棬ǿ߸վһߣȫһ߶ɽС
̼䣬ɽӹâţͬɽ˰㣬ѹʮƬա
ǡ
ӺǴ۾âĶŲϵľſ񽣣˼νǶᵽУ˿ѹɽӣʱɫ䣬ٳˡ
˲ˣ

һͺȣɽӻȻŴ󣬽ʮռ䶼ˡ
飡
飡
죬ӺǴ뱻ɣԱ˰ӡ
飬޸Ļᣬɽӣֱѹȥ
ӺǴԵƷͨȴãǿߺ߶׼̫Եĵ˲䱻ѹ֧顣

콫̫ľת壬ɽӣֱӽ뵽С
ʱ䣬ɽӡȫâʢһɱӳг

ӲҽУһֱӱ
漴ɽӣֱӽҲһ顣
ƫͷǴ𣺡ʣˣ
䣬ºֱӱǰȥ
䣡
ͷɽӷ˵ƣâ˷һ̣֪ǴڴأȫʩΪԴԴϵӿͷɽڣڴӹâǿʢһ࣬ض϶Է·ݺѹ¡
ЩˣǿҲԵֱֵӱѹѪ
ಣ
ѪУһǰ㳯Զȥ˲仮Զ
һĻ΢΢ɫǴ꣬һ̣ԷȻȼһֵĻܣǿлٶһǳµĳ̶ȣʩչصǚiʱҪϲ٣ʱѾء
ﬣ
ʱ̶һҵĵڳٶҲˣͬ˲ƶնϣգۼ׷Ǵ߳ȥ塣
ŵľ֣˻ס
ۣ
âѹ£ֲˣնķ顣
һĻ쾪ȣ׼úҲ𺳣ղһ̫ˣ
壬ȻһҪǿһЩ̫ˣû
ۡ
벽ղҲչֵ򣬾Ȼնһǿߵ꣬СӣֶЩ˰Ҳȣ漴뵽һ㣬ʵ˵үС˵Ҳ²ʼʱͨɾضѣôͨʱŻƬģүǵãҪͨʱŻҲҪ벽ΪŶԡ
ôʣҲͬʱ棬⣬֮ǰɽʱЩɻ󣬲ΪԨ¶ˣ˿𣬼Ȼֶδ벽ΣǵۻʼϾϣƬôڲ벽Ƭģ
ڵһϿѰһ͵ɸ˿ռ籩ʱƬˡ
˵


822 նʬ
Ļ˶һ
͵ɸռ籩ۣ͵ɸǶᾧһȻõһ͵ɸռ籩ǿ£漶ǿ߱ȥҲ㾹Ȼˣôû
棬һ˼ı顣
ȻҲȣȴ̲סһƣһ仰ô˵ģ᲻˵ñ˾͸Ƶġ
ϲ
ЦŶ
һĶ͵ɸֵĺܣһżϿᾧһ뵽˶͵ɸԴӦҲǿ࣬Ǹ࣬ϾһĶ͵ɸҲû뵽ȻǱռ籩ʵЩľ
ﬣ
ʱµĽٴ𣬴̶ǳ쳹ʡ
һһ£ʱƫͷǰȥűڸ֮ϣǿЩˣնһ׳ĽâǾ߸ߴʬ
һâֱ֮ˣԳסơ
Žһʶһ׼񽣣֪ĴнʥϢ̵ִѣҪ֮նɱʹſɢ۷ơоâʵ˵ܾˣҪֻ֪һʶһ׼Ҳʹɱҷӳ۷ƣֻ˵ľŽɱʥ̫ˡ
˽Եͷȷʵˣҷӳ۷ƣǻԪ챦ıеԣΪԪ챦бڣԼһ˿־
ﬣ
ʮҲ֪ն˶գ˵ĽɷΧ
ߴʬһͫϢһ
ಣ
ܣ߻һȻȥ˻飬ȴƺ֪Լ˵˭ػ㻤ڸߴʬߣĳ񽣡
Ƿɶ˻𣬲ȴûһͷȴ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
˵ҰȥһƬƬ߱飬ɫҽ׹ڵء
СӣôŪ
ǰ
ѽô죿
ֹü
ǰʵ̫ˣſɢ۷ƣͷߴʬΪʥҲǿֲˣڸܳȥὣ
˿˿â֯Ǿ߸ʬһЩѹ
ǸʬһЩѹʲô˼
˲⡣
˵ſ֮ӳôµΪ̵ľŽִҪɱʥĸʬֻҪǸʬȥſڵľŽִƱһ˲ɢȥʱǶὣ
⻰΢΢ݡ
˵Ⱥſ񽣸ɵͷʬ

ԡ
ͷ
ҡͷСӣķе㿴ͷʬ׿ˣͨǿˣƶᱻһǵ첻ʲôв׼Ҳûã𲻵κã׼ɱҲֻǸˣǷϣǿɾ˲ˡ
ԣҲǵͷǰǸߴʬĺܿ£ǼŭԷǣһҲȥ
ֱӹǰһǿʦƿɱ¼ɱںɽӴ߶ԶƿعɱǸʬн֯â˵Ȼɱͷɢһȴû⣬ʱ򣬾ſӦԽɱ
Ļʱ䣬ͰǶݣж¶ɫ
ȥСӣ̫թˣⷽĳү㣡
˫۷
쵱ʲô̫թˣ᲻ݴʣ
ϽģΪ㻤Ͻ󣡡
ߴ١
ĻʵǺܾϲķȷʵܲӦûЧ
ʱͷɫԵ棬ɽӻ壬žſ񽣺ǸߴʬĽսԵʼӡɱ
ˣ
âָ֮֯䣬ʩչַһӨƷɿԾ뵽ڡ
ԵޱȽϾΧžſ񽣺ǿ¸ʬսڿҪ˫ע⣬ǾͲˡ
СһߣǾĴܣͬʱҲžſ񽣺͸ߴʬ棬һʲô춯ǿʱ֡
ʱɿţתۣһʱȥ
ˣ
ʱͣ
ΪǰǿӡɱȻҪЩȻˣķһʱ䣬Ҳֻǿ̻ĽɱѡϾΧž񽣺͸ߴʬսԵ̻ɱΪܽٶȻӰ졣
ĽɱҲ㹻ˣΪһ棬ߴʬϢѾ˲٣Զûʼǰǿˡ
ﬣ
𣡡
ǰ񽣹â貣ߴʬХһſ񽣣ֱƬռ䲻̮̳ͣ
ʱƬսУͨѾȫʧˣȫ񽣵ϢˣֻʣǸߴʬԼ
̺ĽɱϢ漴ǶǰɽӼ뵽ɱ֮С
ʼ

һӡʱ䣬ĽɱԻ
䣡
һ˲ѣ嫵ɱƬռ䣬ɱƸϣܵĿռȫסˣֲɱƺҪһжɺͱ顣⣬ǿĽɱУ׼ɽһʱ䣬Ľɱø£и˵ɱƺҪ񷶼ᴩ
Ͱ˼һĻǲɵõһ
ΪӡɱԽԽˡ

ʱĽɱţǵɱЩˣĲ
оâӿƿĽɱɽӣ߶ɱֱӺǾ߸ߴĸʬ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ɱڸʬϣֱӴĶԷݺһ˸ͷһɫѪɳ
ۣ˵ˣ
ǰߴʬˣŭƵϢʱֲֿЩһ˫ɨܣɭɭԼʶ㣬Ѱ˭ֻǣȴʲôҲûз֣Ѿ˳Զֻɱʹӻ
䣡
ɱƵ飬嫺ӿĳŸߴʬѹȥ
һĻЩ£ţǸߴʬӿ£һɱ⣬ռ䶼Щ̮ˣˡ
ǰǿа飬һܿ¡

ǿߵԡ
ͷ
˿̾ƬսԶƿɱ׼һɱʬ
ﬣ
̶ϣſһ̾øǿЩֱն¾ŵĽ


823 񽣵
ŵЩ£ÿһʮɳβѹ˰㡣
һƬֱӱˡ
ۣ
һΣΪĽɱǣƸŸʬŵ׼ȷĻ˸ߴʬʱ佫֮ĺɣһֱһƬѪ
˲ɵõʱ򣬾ſնµĽâǺֲܿ
СӣЧŸɣ

ͷһĽɱʱٴηڣĽɱеɽҲǷһ˵ɱƿ³ʬûȥ
ЩɱԶûնĽâǿϾзӳ۷ƣˣȴҲǿµĹԷɢʬһ־ս
𣡡
ʬ𣬷ۺɨ콣顣
ʱ򣬲ϵľſն¾ŵ˵ĽҪնһС
ŵ£ٴĸʬشؿڱᴩһ޴Ѫ
쿴׼ᣬĽɱٴαɱ۳һĽâֱڸʬϣɳʮԶ
𣡡
ʬ˻𣬽еצӺɨһ񽣣һצӻӳƬ
ɨ˻ģǻңȴǳ£ӡµĽɱð٣׼ĴǺݺһ㱻ɡ
첻ɵ𺳣Ľʥǿ£ȥ飬ȴҲܹӵֲսȻ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ʱø̶տ졣
ȥſ񽣳໥侹һ֯ſһʹþſ񽣱Ϣ˲ٴ纣˰㷭ӿ
˶ʱݣǣ
Žһʶһ׼ſ񽣣ӦþΪһɣʹſſ񽣵Ľʱںϣɱ⡣

µ˲䣬ſٴκХأһ쫷硣
쫷磬ȫǻԵĽ磬ƺƵĳǸߴĸʬѹ˹ȥ
Ǵ߶ɽӣǣɱһ
˵
˻⣬һʱţӿ뵽ɽ֮ڣʹ󳤡
תһʹɱȫһɳĴ󽣣ɽɢ׼֮ںϣݵһǾ߸ߴʬնȥ
ﬣ
ĽɱֱȼգȻںɽӷȫһγɵľɱƱ֮ǰκʱҪǿȾն쫷ڸʬǰ
۵һܸߴʬ˹ȴǱɱˣĺɳȥ
Ҳʱſѹ쫷ǡɵˣֱӽߴʬ˽ȥ
̼䣬дߴʬĲҽУ̶ǳ
콫ɽջأӽȥֻǿֲ쫷ڣߴʬʬһ类飬ѪĽ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
⽣УʬĶۣȣȣţһһ飬ͷ­Ҳˣ쫷ʧֻһ̯ɫҽһ̯ɫŨѪڵϡ
ˣ
Сʵ
ˣӦ˵һ˺ˡ

ȥʬʧˣϢٸоֻʣ˻ҽŨѪ
ϣſ⽣â֯ð漴һĹҲʧˣ֮ǰֲֿͬˮһȥתɢ
һ˲䣬ſʧ˷ĺӣ΢΢ûκζ
ȡ

һʱ䣬һн¶âһͬʱ˳ȥ񽣡
ٶȺܿ죬תۼ佫һץС𶯣нڷǷԷǳС֮ǰԤϵһģһնɱǸߴʬھſڵľŽִʧˣ֮ǰǰ¡
ס漴ץ񽣡
ͬһʱ䣬ץסһ񽣣ноâ֯
쵽үצ
С
ҵģ
̫֡
ʥǾ߸ʬն󣬼񽣵ĽúСнâͽɢ˿ȴһûκвգſȫһ˶£ȡڣͰȡڣץһ

ϵľŽľӡĨԼӡǡ
׬ˣ
۾״ҲϴԼʶӡ֮¼
ȻҲǵһʱĨԭеӡԼӡϡ
һ񽣣ϱ鲼磬ͬѪȾһ㣬ȥЩˡ񽣣ת콣һ𣬶ʱ䣬һĽ쳹ʮûзǰ£ȴҲǿԶɽӿȡ
ã
һĨâ
һ¶ȫ߶ɽҪǿܶࡣ
ֳֻֽ漴֮
һߴЦһȡջʵ̫ˡ
ʱ󷽣ƿյʿ˹
ɨһۣ԰˵ߡ
ѾȡУʱûбҪط
һ˴һܿ뿪
ú³֮ǰʱĹһȥ
˵Ҳһܲܽ
ʵ
ˡղԿرʶ̽ĵѾȫĥˣֻһƵĵͨȲϡ
С˵ĲûϷͻˡ

Ʋ죬ֹšϧ֡
һʱƽܿ߳³Ŀռ䡣
ǻԨϴԼ죬ץܲڳԴһͻƵΣ
˫۷Ź⡣
бһۣҲû˵ʲôֱ뿪ǰԨط
ƬԨķΧǳɽһǷǳ׳һ꾪˵ĴľһƬԨ£һɽϿȴǲѰʲôرĶЩͨıҩ龧ȣ龧ҲѰʮ
ܿ죬չȥһ죬һ˽ԨѾȥʱ䡣
ҲʱԨʿڿն𣬿ʼԨ֮϶ȥڣһʱ䣬ԨͻٴûǸʱǻУǾǱˣͨǿ߶ס
ߣ뿪
˵
ʱǸȥˡ
۵һʱ䣬ɶѰϰգ˵ʱܹڳһѰһҩҲ˵
ҩүʱ䣬ջѾǺܲˣ̫̰ģѰʲôҪ֮һЩ棬ʱ޶޲
ǣ֣²Ҫȡڹ⣬ҲøЩ
ͷ˵
̲סۣСŮޣһʼԴڴĹأе˵ҪڹƬıص𣿡

գһûжڿնϣܿ˼ԨķΧ
վԨԵԨɨֱۣȥ
֮ûãǱ뿪˼ԨԶ
ȥвˣƬƬսĵط
ʱ˵


824 в
Ϊ͡вƬ򣬻ޱߣвǺɸغܶ࣬ǿߡ˵ǿߣǾв򣬶ԵͨʱŻҲλв
ھȥвһڻڼĹء
˵
Ĺʲôģв࣬ңģҲȻĴϲ١˵ţѵõоâ֯ң˵Ƭﻹһ޴ɸ磬λĵͳ뽫֮Ѱ
ô˵ʱۣ춼ȡʮоλ𣬸޵֮ˣֻֿѹϰ˻ģвδֵɸλĵͳжྪˣʿΪ֮
ȥڳ
Ȼȭͷ
ͳнѣϵɲأ
үڳˣϧƬɸôѰûҵа벽羳ǿ߶׷ѰϧҲûκν
ۡ
ɸ磬ѰǺȻ£õԻ

קȭͷ֮ȥв򣡡
һ˲ûʲôвսֵȥвȻҲǸǳѡ
£һУвȥλڻԵв򻹺ԶһȴǲżϾûʲôҪȥ¡
˵֪Ƭ򾿾Σ˵һǿ߶
ңңĶв
ร֮ǰһЩʿʲôߣǺӡͷС㣬֪Щ߶˭ʲô
̲סۣүܶûȥƬвˣȥ֪ʲôߣǶȥ
Ʋ죬û˵ʲô
£ҵ֪һЩ
ͻȻڡ
⻰˶
Ȼ֪һڵģҲûԥҲûȥв򣬶˵в߸ߣֱΪ棬ޣ޼ţģԨԼ˵ţ濴죬ͰŻ͡ǹѣȻ켸˺Ż͵ĶԹ
ͰԶݣͬʱкâ

Ц
ˣЩ棺ŻͣʲôСӣǵĵˣ
̫壬У

Ż̫ͣ壬ڵڶǵ֮һһˣͬ˿ɵϱﶼǶ֡սʤŻͣȴҲǺǸʱǽЩǰ㣬ǷʤŻͣ˵
ۣ̫壿
ʮУ̫ɷǳǿ󣬱Դձؼ
죬˵ڴڴݴԣǴڴ졣
أټض

ǰڰ׼ûܹɱŻͣһֱһź¡
ͷŻΪ̫壬в򱻳Ϊ̫ƿΪ޿ˣΪ޼ƿݴΪƿذĴΪԨ޾ǧͨΪͨ˵֣ȻҲǲɵɫ΢ˣΪΪ塣
ôһ˵һǶݡ
壿ۣʮֳֻˣ
Ż֣Ҳǲɵľ
΢ɾɨһۣ޵ʷϣֻδʱǵ֮ǿѹȴֻ壬ֻҪ֣ضپۡ
֪
ͷ
壬ڻ磬Ե壬ֻҪɳȥض羳ɾ;µĵۻʡ
˵вߴ˵ڴϣսǳߴУѷǿΨаǹϵһ˵ԵѾԼսնɱ澳ǿߣ̬֮ͬʱڵľŴǿ󣬱ϣƿʮݣɾˡ
⻰һľԼսնɱǿߣͬʱڵľŴǿ⵱Щˡ
ŵݴԣڵͬѾ޵У׷ڶ࣬оŴսһţǿڴ졣һΣƺΪвƬδɸ硣
΢΢Ƭɸ硣
ȥвǰѰƬɸбضߣ
קȭͷ
Ƭɸô겻Ѱôҡ
ԴҲǲɵ÷ۣ漴пһĵ֣̫壬壬̫壬Ȼˣǡѳ񣬵֪ĸܲȣ
ˣпˣ߰ɡ
˵
ңвǷȻƬλá
Żͣ
н֯âˣһҪն
ͬһʱ䣬뵽һУƲԣԷҲ뿪˵ڶǰ򣬲֪ʲôط
֮һѹһ룬ԼΪվЩ̫ˡ
һиֳŨŨâ
ǿҪıǿ
вȻʲôܣһ˽ԺֱвȥȻҲͣǰУһвȥһҲ;Ѱǰ˵ۼСУǰѰǰǿߵۼǵ÷ǳ󣬸ԶԵ˾޴ʵǿ˲١
תۣ¹ȥ
ʱȥҪ벽죬򼸺벽ߵͷˣֻһСΣսǴ
Ҳһ죬ƽϵɽøӺΰÿһһ㡣
вˣ
ڵ
ʱ£һһѰǰۼһвߣһ߳λãƬв
вȻһ

ʱʼһвǸо˷ǳŨ֮Ҫǿ˲٣ƺǷǷһ֮
߰ɣѰطһ£ȻȫԴĹأ

ǰУúǰһ޴ĳǳأռҲ֪жô㣬ľͦΣԺܲ
Ƭ򡭡гǳأ
졣
ȻСƬʿܼսɱܷζǣһЩϲĴƬ򣬺޽һųǣ豦ｻ׸;¥ȣԹƬڶʿ䱦׺ȣȻҲΪԵ׬ȡ龧Դ
ŵǳƬʿǽŹͬʶڳڳ໥ɱԣǳƬΨһһ֮


825 
ĻЩ죬һ룬һǳش򣬵ǲϾƬ鲼սɱ¾죬ʱ·϶ɱ֮ĺƣսɱ¾֮࣬һ֮ɣϼҾƣͼŮ裬õڳлͻȻϮɱʿԣԳƬʥ
ϲЩǻ˼١ֹţǳУֻһܸߡ
ͷѵõЩͣСŮ޻ͦǳУһж龧Ϊ꣬Ҹߵס򵥾ٸӣڵͨҾƣн洦ܿĻվƣǳһҪһ龧
ô˵켸˶Ƕݣ涼⡣Ҫ֪վнΪͨľƣһ龧ļֵۣԣѾ㹻ٺҾˣǳУȴֻܹһǰЩˡ
Ҿ֪﷭ֱۣǴŵٵĹ
ôΪȴҲȫô˵ϾƬ龧ǳ࣬ʿѰõҪǣǳܹʿĵľУİԣĶ۸ߣҲǺ¡
˵
΢΢ͷòϣ˵ĺе
߰ɣѵһǳأǽȥ
˵
һǳǰۿǾǳЩˣǳ
ûйפ㣬ܿ첽ڡ
ǳڣֵʿô࣬󲿷ֶǾڸ¥ڣа޶˵ӣƢĸ¶Ŷʿ
¥ǳصҪкܶλõǳȻ۸ҲԶڰ󡣲ûɶˣ龧ҲôȱȥүѾȥΣǳ
㣬ȥＸΣۣһ¶ȥʲô˵ˣڵĸˣһͷȥ
@#Ҫү㣡ҪǰϹ¶֣ȻүѵܻûΪٽȥ𣿣
ĲС
죺˵е
ˣ㡭@#
ˣ֡
һһ̧ܡ
ΪǳΪľڣװκݻȻܹеҲ࣬ݵ⣬ļ۸ǳߣڽڴʱҪÿ˽龧ѸǾˣͨʿܲ
Ȼһ˶ԣȴ㲻ʲôҪ֪ʯ龧ľˣ֮ǰڵϾ顰ݷá壬˽ӽǧ龧һֱʹãƬռ˲٣龧ԣһ˱ȵһЩҪöࡣ
вỤ̊ɫףˣʱŮǰϴ𾴵Цһ˹
찵ԵͷȲ˵ڵ̬ȣǺܲ
̧֣гֶʮ龧һˡ
£һһˣܿڡ
У첻ɵǲ죬ڷǳװҪô滨ҪôǱȶĻѪľƳɣݻЩ֡
һƯŮ̴һˣڶһŴĵطһ˳Ĳˮ
طȻϤֱӱſڵԸŮ̳϶ʮ̺̾⣬۹ǵȡ֮Ƿǳ죬һһѣŪһãЩǲ
գͣԸŮȥ׼
ŮǹŹǾȣһһۣǹ뿪ȥ׼
ôǸŮıͿǵı鶼ǹֵֹģȥΪһͷ㿪˵ȡ
ΪĶ

Ҳµһ㡣
ǣһȻı飬ȣڵƣڸмѣںƾǴľˣʿϰпһЩʯ۶ŨѪ棬ڱѩ֮һ濾û˵ڼ۹Ǵ˵ƣ÷ݵļԾͺըɻζǻζ
ණϲΪһһܣˮĭӷɵӶǣÿǼͷǷǷۣһֺܲĸо
ֱ˵Ҫ龧
˵˿衣
Цû٣ԼҲͣүһ㣬ʮҡ
ֱӽеĲˮ˳ȥûסӻһơʮ龧ǵһ龧ˣһٷ͸ûˣ
棺
ѹָղŮ̿ǵıֵֹģԭ
Ҫܡ

ү

ʱŮ̶ͲƷʱζڣҾһķΧڣʳ󶯣ű㣬ȾƵˣʹĸо
һʱ䣬˽Ƕݡ
ô֪ү۹˰ɡ
Ȼ
ʮ龧ܰ󣬲ȻѾˣǲۣ龧һ˱Ͷ
һʱ䣬ִ࣬㣬һ˸о̹
ҪȾơ

У
Ͱͬʱ
˶֪УմһƺԶԶ
һı飬Ͱûע⣬Ӳȥſھͺ
ɵôЦúúãŮкܣ
תۣСӹȥ
ССӣС㣬ССףСС棬ۡǡƬ򡭡ڡڹ⣡
ͷˡ
ۣ
棺
캹գһߣʲôСףȻ׸Сף
ˣС˵ģӴеҡҡԺ󡭡Ҫѹѹ˼ϼһǣ١ץץץֻ壬ءȥˮ͡ͷӣʲʲô֡壬̫̫ˣ
棺
ˣץȥˮҪͷӣ
Ұ
Ͱһһңͬʱﰴȥ
ҲҪԺ򡭡ѹǣ
ӽ
죬棺
ֳĶ㲻Сʱ䣬ﲻʿ˹ȥŰʱģ˶¶֮ɫ
ƯŮ
У
ȷʵ
ﱾɫˣڵڶǵ֮ĵһƺС˵ģһ˿ģһִջ󣬱ƽռӶˡ
ԺǸղᲢˣҪһЩ
˵
Աߣ˵ͷͬ
˭ܺᲢۣ
ʱһڵһŸ󴫳һŮ˳


826 
Ÿ߳ŮһϮ£ΰޣտǣɫȴЩ¸ߣһޱŸʿ֮հ
ڶʱüžʿŮӣǾη塣
ڵĴߣ˵ղƣԵһ壬밲ڵļΪ׹ϵããʤá
ղƶǳԵ򣬰ղҲȻҲдӵˣʴˣЩȻҲʹ˳絽ڴ֮ǰѾණ
Ǹйأ
ۡ
ĬĬͷûٶ˵ʲô
ȻҲû˵ʲô
ȡңҡҪȣ
е
ͰɫЩڣһͿұžƺй࣬һƹˣӡ
ʱ°ٴղƵĿߣڰϣܺᲢۣ⻰ǷһЩʿ۰ȥҲ֪˵˭ʱŰжݣȻҲǷְȷʵˡһ̣ȴһЦ

Ը˷Ը
ʱֱ߳Ǳ˹ȥгֶС
⡭
ʿǶݣȻ֪νġָҪ˰ա
ͬʱطʿĲղƣȻҪڳǳڶʿ֣
һ˵ɫͰжɱ
ʱڵһ˳Ϊһ벽ǿߣϴ֮ɫղǰСĵղɷһ棬Ҫڴ⡭Щƻ˳ǳصǱڹأͬԻ
ǳأʿͬǱʶڳгκʽɱҲȷǴδֹ£ԣʿܹڳǳڰġղﶯˣǻǳӰ죬Ӱ죬Ժ˵ʿܻٺܶ࣬⸺Ȼ뿴¡
ң
ղ߳ˡ
Ϊһ꣬ӭղƵ΢΢һңֻǡΪһˣȻ֪ղƵԵһ壬ͻͬãϵãҪ˵һССĸˣڵҲ֮ɵҵղơ
ǾԶһЩ
ղ䡣
ſڣҪ˵ЩʲôȴֹǶղη塣
ղ߳ʿ꣬Ϊﵽͨɾ˱ȥ˶ŰʱЩޣ漴ȴЦ
һЩ£ղ˲¸ߣΪ˺
һǱĴ˹ֳ軵ˣֻΪ˳ưŮޱһЩȻٰŮ޵ݣǹ
Ц
ʱղ߳ʿһߣ˸âŰʹȥͬʱ˳ǲǾ͹ԹԵվŲҪҶ񡭡
飡
飡
Ͱͬʱ֣΢ֶеʿͬʱҽкɣڹȥҲ֪ԶѪˮڶڣ׷׵㣬Ŀġ
һʱ䣬һʿľȥɵˣƺˡ
⡭
һʿУ΢𺧵һˡȺˣȻֱǳɱˣңɱǸղߵˣ
ǡ
ǸղƣǳԵһ壬ңͻǡ
Ȼңҡ
ʿļ¡
ղƵɫԵ䣬󣬳ȴޱ⣬ʿ˳һˣеɱ˿Ҳڡ
Ȼһ֣
ʴȣֻҪһѣ룬ǷҪ
նǣ
⼸ʿΪҲֱѹһˡɲǶѣǿӿ֣Ǿˡ
ĸ׵ģִ˵ʴȣΪԵĴ˲и廤ź˲𣿵үһȺ˺۸
ֱӳ֣һצӽǰһʿĵķ飬Ѫˮ
ֱӣ콣âɨ۵Ľȫᴩ
ǳʿŹʶɳκʽɱҲ֪ҪǶ֣ҪٰݣˣȻ̣ܶԷǰĴš
һʱ䣬һ߾ʬڣѪˮѪζ֯˳
ʱУʿȻһ̣Щ˲Ϊ˸ǳɱղߵ˶𺳣Ϊ˵սΪֵǼʿԲߣȴһ˲㱻նɱ˸ɸɾ
ڵǸ긺־ּʱȴ޷ʲôΪ漰ղƣղǳԵһ壬Ǻͻ尲ϵãʤã޷ıʲôûвֵء
ղƵɫ΢Щȴûиı̫࣬¸ߵģͬһֻ߸ϵİ졣
بȡͷ­
ʣµǸޱ˵ûȥЩһۡ
һϮûʲôԺ߳Ϣɢ
Ϣҿ£Ũĵ򲨶ʿһ
ب׷氲ĵھսΪ
˵ڵبҲţսǿͬڿߣ
⡭
ǼǿƺҲֻǴڰ벽Σˣ
һʼֿãȻᱻݣٻܱסڡ
ҡͷ
ب߳ûʲô飬ֱ̧֣һȫ¡
Ȼ䣬ڶΪ֮ζʿվЩվˡ
Ǽˣˣ
Ĳҡͷ
¡֮صبĴתһͷĮ¡
һֻδ£ߵαбˣȹ䣬ƺڵƿһأŨľƮ
ʱǴŭģӵ𣬻û꣡˫ֱð棺үģСӣ
£ǲҪ˵䵭ֱӻȭɫȭͷնϡ
¡һĽɫȭͷͺبѹµĴת۱ײһ
ۣ
ѪˮһƬĿ
بˣѹµĴֱӱ˸飬Ѫˮһضǡ
⡭
ôܣ
ǸبȻֱۣ
˽Աɫ
Щ˶죬һʱͬһͷ㡣
ƺŰ벽Ѱôô£Ȼ˴ĺب֣
ʿȻ


827 նɱھս
˶סˣĵھսΪȻ֣
Ǻ۸Ūǣ

ȭ˽â֯䡣
ղٴζݣȻΪ벽ѣȻǿصĺبܿ죬ɫٴα
بٶЩȫն
˵
بֱ飬ɲǼؾ˳ΪǴǿߣ嶼˲ָοһֻ֡죬ٴ̽ѹ£ֻһβǵѹƣǼĳͨϰ˻ȫѹˡ
һʱо˶Էǿжݣȴǲη塣
ﬣ
̶ʱ쳹ڡ
ʱûԥֱӽǰڼԨһֱ֮ɢֱźبץĴն¡
۵һѪ⽦񽣹â貣һУٴνبĴ顣
بˣɫ΢䣬˵Ĺ⣺
ʿȻҲǱɫ
Ȼ
һ
⡭
طһʿȻҲû뵽쾹һ
ͷʩʩȻâ貶ĿʱԴصĺبԼԲǶֱ֣ӻ񽣡
Ϊ֮ڼԨʱǿ˼ֻ֣һСΣ񽣺ѹƺبˡϾƿصģ
ﬣ
ת̫ľһ񽣶ʱ̼䷢ޱȴ̶Ľ
ȽЩˣʿɵͬʱס䣬ɫ԰ס
⡭
˶죬ͫʲס˸
񽣣̫ǿˣ
بɫȻղҲ⡣
ߣ
بҪ뿪ΪǿսҲǿȴƿһڿµ֮£ǿΪǿսû֮ء񣬰һżڱأղң뱣֤ղ
ߣ
䡣
וּһһնֱڶڣˡ
بȫֵֵǰȴվЩؿڵᴩ
˭
ںЦ
䣡
ǰǿب˲ȬһӰƵŨĴ򣬳ֶ£ͬʱٴκˣҪ뿪ڡ
ߣһץͷ񽣣̧ն
ﬣ
Х꣬بĴ飬ӰҲɹ㡣
һ̣Ϊ֧ʩչ콣ǵȿֲĽ⵱նһУܺبǿޱȣȴҲֵܵס
ϣһն񽣴߶콣â˫
ۣ
بըѪܣˡ
΢΢ۣղһǲ飬Ѿǽ񽣴߶ĿǰԴ߶ļޣȴֻ˶ԷӶѣ˹ǿ󣬱˳ͬΪȷʵһĵΪǻһͨĴʿȫ߶ն콣â£ԻᱻնһѪŶԡ
ܲϧվûá

ûκԥֱǰȥٴն£âɨ
بӱѣӭľâһͬһҲֱն飬׻Ѫ
䣡
ǿܳ𣬺بնѪӿգ۱۳
ò˵ؾٶȺܿ죬ͬ׵Ĵʿ
ն黹ô򵥣Ǹ壬һ׷ߣھսôǿ˸սҪ

վһߣǰĮ
ûʲôҲǰ

Ѿһ룬֪ҪԼݺǺ
¼Ůĸ᲻ԭͺƯŮԼգҪݣĻ᲻ֱӳ˳ȥ
䣡
بȫʩΪͬһڻ¯ӿ󣬱ñ֮ǰǿˣͬһŭڷҪطû
΢΢ۣԷϢǿһ࣬ٴΰԷǿ
ֻǣȳ̶ȶѣоѹ
Ϊֹһ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ХصҲʼһֱɢױȵĿֲ̼佫بĴѹȥķռȫס
⡭
֣񽣣
һˣȻôܣʲôˣ
ʿ㤡
ı٣ΪĲʵ̫ѰˣѰҪһҲǺѣԣȻ漶ǿҲӵһЩǿ߶ûУЩʿУһ벽ʿȻƿܶƷҲһǾˡ
ʿסˣȻĶ죬ֻоһĻֱΰ㡣
بȻǵһʱɫֻһ񽣾Եֵˣͬов𣬽Ϊ£ٴγһھ޴ӰͬӺƵĿռ䶼Ťˡ
ûʲô飬һУһһն¡
͵һبâȫն飬ͬһֱϨ
ﬣ
гŵ񽣣ֱӵ
һ죡׼ݣبĺᴩһƬĿѪҺ
بһɿٶϡ
ʱȻƵĻᣬٴ񽣻콣콣âͬһ㳯źبȥ˲佫֮ᴩѡͬһʱ䣬񽣱Կرתһն¡
ۣ
һΣبն飬Ѫ콦䡣
ЩѪдبŭХԱĥһʱӿٴξ£
ҲʱһĽƺƵӿء
һ

ǰ죬ֳϿգе񽣽һ⡣
ûκֻоĽƵе񽣼һ貽â
ݵһâͻգ˲Ϣ
بʱѾ۳СӣֻǣһĽâҲն˹ֱüĴ͸ʱһ漴е֮ɿ찵ճʧ۳Сֱ鿪ͬҳһתɢȥ
һǿ˫񽣷ȻûеȴҲɱ壬ֱʹúب
ʱ䣬ƵĵڶУһʿ˲ɵö¡
ˡ
ɱǸߵĵھս
⣬⡭Ȼ
ʿǾĪ죬ֻоˣ̲ס򺮲
ϽٴɫĮ֮ǰ񽣷˻ϳгһ񽣣ʱƫͷղ˹ȥ


828 
ڶ¥ϣʿһɫ
Ҫ
ѵɱղƲɣ
ɣ
ʿļ¡
ղƣԵһ壬ң˵Ǹ׹ϵãһ𳤴ɱղƣ
ʿȻ
ɫ䵭ֱӳղƱȥɱ⽻֯
ѣס֣
ʱڵǸ긺˹ʹ˰֡
ÿ
ֻô֡
ղƣΪʿ˰Ｘ䣬ȻҪٰգɹնȫ˼ίʵǴЫĳܷŹԷȻɱǣֻɱʲôվ˭
ڵĸ˳ɣղмɵ˿̶Ҳη壬Ͼڿǵʵ̫ˣˣȴҲǲܾôղƶ֣ʵղƵھˣǳԵһ壬վһ壬·һ߶ܿ£ղڣǻڴ鷳
죬긺Сĵ˵ѣǵһ飬Ǹ׳ˣʤ˵ãˣӦҲ֪ǻ壬ɱҲãĿ£֪ġ
ɫ䵭Σ˲𣿡
壿Цֻأʣʮ˭ܹȣ
⡭
Ȼ
ǣӻ𣿡
УʿľĿǿ塣
긺ҲǶݣȴǿڣȰ죬֣Ѹ棬ʹ˰֣ɺã
ĮһҲã
񽣣һɰƺƵֱӽ긺𿪡ȻֻԴ𿪶ѣû˼ԷϾһʼղҪٰʱҲֹ
񽣣ֱղȥתɭɭ⡣
⡭
桭Ҷ֣
ɻƬ򰡣⡭ɱղƣᷭģ
ʿļ¡
ղɫ䣬ɹ°ɱң죬вûη֮ɫ෴еһֱ䡣
صĹƨսˣɱһ벽Сˣ
Ц
ղ⣬ֱֱĶһĺܲңСܾ谮ǻҽСˡ
СƤŮˣֹɱүүһֻצӣ

ԱߣŸͣ۵ǣСƤŮˣѾ֪ˣղҪ˻գȻĺܡ
УһʿԵɴ˫ۣŵͰһһֱҪɱղƵǾ㤣ȻƺǸղΪСƤ͡Ůˡ޹ڵղ˵ˣ
ղ˫۱̹ǣĶͰǶҪҪ̣һ̣ˣ̺
룡
ʱڣֱӶˣһһĿâֱղƶȥ
һչѣڸǲס㵱ķѡ
ƣһնо춯صܡ
ˣ
ղǸţվŰ벽һ
ˣҪˣ
ʿʧɫ
ȥһһ첨
ಣ
񽣽â죬תۼղǰ
ȻҲʱղƵüĺȻų貵ĹâһޱǿƵ˳̼佫ٽղƵâ𿪣ʺȻ鿪
춯ݣһ̸оһвٺˡ
ǰղƵüڳһ⣬΢΢һתۻһߴӰ
ʶ
һ
ȥӰʵڷ磬絶һ㣬ͨ屻Ļâƣͬǻתһ㡣

⡭ԣǰˣǡʶ
չأȴ˾ʶղƻ壿
ʿ𾪡
Ȼ˹ϵãȻ㻤ͬԴһ㣡
Ĳ
ߣʱҲǶݣһ̶Ǹо˰ʶĿ£ԶԶǷŵĺبȣʵ̫ˣ֮
磬ǲңɱ׷ҵļҳɱ˺بɱǡ
ղָһ˵
⽻֯䣬ǺӡĴһʶղƵʶУղƵʶ֮ǰʲô˿ȻȻġ
죬ɫĮֱӶ֡
ˣ
˲ȴʮնƺƵĳѹ¡
һʱ䣬ռ䶯һξһζ˽Ĳ
ģ˵򵥰һʶն⣬عҲѾ˴ˣ

¡֮쳹ڶڣʮնתǰ
һһ콣âȻն
ﬣ
̶Ľʮ콣âնһһӭʮ⡣
һ໥ײһ𣬱һУ漴ը
𾪣ǿ󣬽ֻһʶѣɼĻȴȻܺն콣â˿
н֯âһٴնܼ콣âʮͬһʱ䣬תرϵҲǶѹǰȥ

֮ռֱѿˣƵ
һϹһǵƵˣڵһʿˣ±ܸ뵽С
ӵĮ˫һ̧֯ӡͷӡ񽣡


񽣷𿪡
漴ڳ⣬һƬĻܼ콣âȫ¡
һĻʿ𺳣ˡ
áǿ
ǻ֮һʶѣȻͽ
⡭ͬﵱ޵ˣ˭֣
ʿ¡
ʱ챾˸ľŲûȫ߶񽣣ǣǱϾȴǱһʶ׵ĵסˡ
ĴߣноâֱֱĶŰ
Ȼǿ𺳡
򵥣ܲ򵥣

ʱ̶Ľǰâʢ񽣸߾٣һضӵĽʱ䣬һޱ˵Ľɢʮ졣
ʽ
ͳ
Ȼ䣬еƺҪʧ˰㣬һεĽɽ㱬ŭڣ
ͣ
ֻһ죬â֣һһԾתۼƵǰѴա


829 Ԫ
ʽһȻ콣еĽʽȡһǿ󣬸£ԻĽͨ

ռ飬ѷͬ֩㳯ӡ
ʣһֲܿ
лһĨ΢⣬̧ܼĻ⽻֯Ҳݻһڴͨ⻯һḥ̂ӭһ
䣡
໥ײһ𣬶ʱһˣʿƷ˳ȥ
ʿսսȻĶǰ
ߣһ𶯣˲˫֡
򵥣򵥣治򵥣
ٴ˵Ļţնһܿ£˲ɱڶǿˣٶȿˣת۾ͱƵ˰ǰȻˣǵһʶ͵סˣƽ
оâ֯񽣻ϣеתɭɭâ
ವһˣǚiһһӰ泯Űɱϡ
ÿ죡
ȻǸ
⡭
ʿ𺳣ľٶȣľ˿̵ĶȻ泯Ǹͬ޵еĻ˹ȥ

ղվڰʮɣ䣬һֳ
ƿ֮صʱٶȿľˣͬڲŵƶɲǼ嵽ǰ϶նһֱͷ­
ϣٲѹ£ϢЩˣ˲佫Ľ顣
һʱ䣬תһɹ쫷硣
ƿնԽӿ漴һ̣üĴֱӽ𣬺ڰɫ˸ֱŰѹ¡
̧֣⽻֯ѹʶȻһȴȻһ
ͣ
һ죬ֱֱֻӷˣǹɢǱĺԶ
磡
ղƽгһĻš
ͬһʱ䣬ʿǽԺȻ
˵Ǹ˰һֱֻۣ
⡭
ôܣ
һʿɫ䡣
ⰲֻһʶǿ󣬷ЩҲĿãͽĿȴͻȻһֱۣЩ𾪡
ߣҲݣɫ
ˣСӵʶƺרſʶȣ֮ǰնһ澳ʿʶЦͻȻڵʱԴֶΣʯһǿߵʶˣ˵Ǻǿ󣬲ֻһʶСӵʶȫѹ
â֯ٴγŰѹ¡
ܿ£һʶͬǣվֻʶѣʶʶ壬˿̲ײʼɱ
ˣ
𶯣һƬƬ꽻֯ڰ⣬ͬǺڰɫһ㣬˷Űѹ˹ȥ
鵭ĮȻʶܹʶüĴʱһö֡öǳһִǽ֯˿˿ƵĻ⣬ͬˮư㵴ֱӽѹȥ𿪡
ɫʶרſʶȣǴ˿̣Ȼˣ
üĴǷǡǣ
ǻԪ
˵ɻ׳ʶɵһвʶĹʶУʶؼָǱʶʶԶԶήͣһֱ۷״̬
ûô򵥣ΪŴ֮һЧԶԶֹЩ˵֮
⡭԰ѰչʱһһЩıȣԭģ
ʿ𾪣ͬʱޱĽ
ߣ˽ԱɫȻѰһչضõ˻Ԫȱ
ģ˵ȻֶСӵʶûˣ

һ̸о˴ѹɫúء
鵭ĮԪüԻת˿˿ƵĹâʱ䣬£Ǳʶֱתؾۣ֮ǰʵ
޵еģ˿Եֵ
ղɫ䣬ɨ죬Ͱеɱ˿ҲΡ
ʶɢϢӿˣһֻȻɵĸо·ڽ˴һ㡣죬ٴγ֣ʮѹ졣
ֻǣ˻ԪӳֺһεĻǿˣֱѹա
ͬ޵УԳлԪԻ£Ǽˡ
ûϣˣҪ
϶ˡ
ʿļ¡
Ǹовȫ֣ͬʱ񽣼ǹâʢ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
նʮ콣âӭʱɨĻɱ⡣
һʱ䣬վһζâը䣬ûܡ
һ쵹ˣʹһѪˮ
죡
ɫ̲סг
Ҳݣʱֻ˲ѣ쾹Ȼ㱻ˣ
ˣס˸о˾޴в̫ˣֻһʶѣԶԶǿǸبҴ˿ּ˻ԪʹʶҲʧȥã޷֮κвƵܲ
Сӣӽ
һ
տտâһ񽣷ɳתۼߡ񽣱鲼磬ͨѪ죬ߵһģһɢͬͬԴĽ
һʱ䣬ʿɫ
һҡ˼һģһ⡭
һʿԶǰ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ߣڳ񽣣ڳ񽣣ڳһ񽣣㣬˲ߣתâˡ
ʱطһʿһ𣬸ˣȫ¶ŵı顣
ţţš
һģһһģһľſ񽣣
⡭Ⱥˣǡ
ڶУһʿʯĶǰ
ЩʿȻղƶɵñɫ
ﬣ
ӿ£̶ǳ˱ĺˣ˸ס˶䡣
Угһ񽣣˿񽣣Ͻǽ֯һģһ磬Ѫ죬ͬͬԴϢ໥ڣǡ
ɿе񽣣Կرƿأſ񽣻תѹ˻ġ
㣡
Űһƿؾſ񽣣ֱѹȥ
˫̧ٴݻḥ̂ѹϡ
ﬣ
ű϶ն£ǽĻĥ̻ķ顣
Ŀſ񽣹â貣ն¡ͬʱӶɫȭһһӰ


830 
Ľɫȭͷƴ·Ҫһж飬Ǿſ񽣸ǿֲףݿ࣬һ֮ʡ
䣡
һ˵Ĺɱƣ֮磬ȻƵ
ʱ⽫ɱѹһΧڣͻˡˣǵȻϢɺˣŤˣһ̮
ڶУһʿľȶˣɫһƬ԰ס
һжݣн֯羫âĻǱøŨݻһƬٲǰѹ£ֵľſĽɫȭͷוּһ죬һ콣һ㣬ǿľˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
콣ſ񽣽棬㣬ɱȴӿ£һȻ
Կر֧žſ񽣣ת콣ľſ񽣹â貣Űն䣬ǵȿֲĽҪնС
⡭
һˣͬʱ߶ſô
𣿣
ʿ𺳡
Ȼ£֧ȳ̶ȵıҪķѵҲģͬʱƿؾȻǴǿҲŲ˶೤ʱ䣬ڣЩ˼ͬʱ֧žſȻȫһı飬ڵԶòһ㣬һʿһȻ
˶£૵ȫס˰⡭ʲô˰
䣡
˵ӿƶʮ
ͬƺӰڣƺԶݽߣһ̾ſ񽣣ԶŽ˰㣬һ޵µ̬
תر콣һʱлԪİĲ¡
Сӣɵ
е
ʹһʿӣһˣֱһҲİа
ĻлһĨâ𶯣ǰһ
һ̧̣˫֣ѱٶȽӡתرþſ˶м俿£漴һ̣ſ໥һתۼ佫ſһľſ񽣵˲ٴ
ǣ
Žǡݻɵĵ
⡭ſͬͬԴǿ̬𣿣
ʿɫһĻ
ò˵Щʿ¶ˣΪľŽһʶһ׼ΪľǴﵽһʹſӶɱ
ڼԨʱſһȫתرľſ˵ʱĽȻֻǳƶѣƶԣԶ޷ǸʱȣΪΪ̫ˣ޷ӳȫܡ
ԸʱİҲ㹻ˣϾİֻһʶѣԶԶ޷սᲢۡ
ʱ߶ſ񽣣ͬʵʰ㻩죬һŽ̰㳯ǰѹȥ
һ죬նĻ콣Ǳˣɢ
ﬣ
Žǹâ貣ٵ콣û˿ͣͣŰѹ¡
һĨ⣬һ̺ˣһղƣֱڣʡ
硭
ղƱɫжǿֻһʶڻԪļӳ£Ҳûжܵס񣬾Ȼˡ
ͬһʱ䣬طʿɫ䡣
ǸȻ
ô᣿
ֻһʶսҲǿֲޱȣڣȴȴǡ
˾
ЩŴ⣬ʱˣңٶȼ졣
ߣ

Կرתſŵصǚi˲ҲڣֱŰ׷ɱȥ
һĻһʿľѾߣȴֱ׷ɱȥ⡭δ̫ˣ
ﬣ
ٶȼ죬ת۱׷ϰſ뷢⣬նŵལ
ٶҲղƣܿľŵ
ŵԶȻըһĻԲ
һʱ䣬ųڣ󲿷ʿˣ̧ͷȥ
漴һ˲ѣ˱ɫ
ǡղƣڡ׷ɱ
찡˸׷ɱ
ˣȻ׷ڰ⡭ˣ
ǸˡȻųﶯ֣ң׷ɱĻǸ
Ϊ壬սͬôᱻ׷ɱôܣ
һĻʿûһȡ
ܿ죬ǿʿǷʵ
ԣǲǰı壬ǡʶ
ˣǾű찡Ȼ
һƿؾſʲôˣ
һʿסˣ͡
ʲôˣǻ壬ųƱͬʱڵľŴҪǿ󣬱ϱǿ߳ϣƿʮݶɾˣвߴкĵһ˸ǲ²⣬Ȼ϶ǰĶ֣񣬾Ȼһͬʿ׷ɱֻǰһʶҲ㹻ˣ˼һĻ°Ͳû
֮ڶϣſ콣âһն
ܣнâղԶȥ
ֱܣ
ȵ
Ȼùųһʿֱ£Щ˭Ҷ԰˵㻰
ղƱߣ˿һʣ޺޵Ķ졣
ߣرתĸ죬ſĽʱٴαǡ
ſ񽣣ſ񽣼䣬֯һɳĻɱƺƵĳŰѹ¡
ȻҲһ̣ǰĿռһղ˲䲻ˣͬ˿ռ䴩һ㣬ʧǰ
üʶɨӰ˷ȴǸӦղƵĴˣ˳Զųǣ֪ȥ
˲ƶʮľ룬ǻԪ
ü
վϣдžâ⽣һ֯
ʱȻɱ˰ȴһҲûиˣΪɱ˵ֻǶԷһʶң˾ſ񽣡һʶˣſ񽣲ȡʤԷָǺεȿ£
΢תصڡ
ˡ
ߣ񽣽һ
ѾƻĲӣܣһʿ죬ͬǶħ㣬ɫ԰ףСȶǶڷη塣
һɨЩʿһۣû̫⣬ڣֱ뿪
ֱһ뿪ԶʿǴ˿
̬Ű벽Ϊˣɱİʶˣͬʱƿؾſ⡭
Ⱥ˻ͷÿ˶ƿУҶͬͬԴ񽣣ʲô
ǰû˵ôһȺ⡭
ʿ𺳡


831 
ڣһʿͣ뿪ķг𾪻𾪡
һƿһȺˣðģ
Ǹ꣬һ߶ſ˰
⡭
ʿ
ڵǸ긺Ҳļ£ɨܺȴǺܿ¶ʹı顣ʱͰһսڱ˲٣ضķѲԴΪڵĲϽԷǷףҪԭȻķѼߡҪǣһսܻպľӪܴӰ졣

һʱѾԶԶ뿪ǳأһɽԶȥ
ſһûǻ˵ʶ治򵥰

ܿ£
Ĭԣ˿ȴҲǳ˵ô֡
Ҳɵõͷ۴žâ
ǸСƤŮˣ
ĥʱûⰲһֱղ˻ݵ¡
죬棬
ҲûɶûԿ

ʼգղƼҳն˰ĵھսɱİʶˣȷʵû԰
Ƚϳȣ˼붼ҪȫһЩؼ֮ɱ˵ģֻǶԷһʶƹضǺҲֵˡ
оſ񽣣𣬺һǿƷǣǵΪȴǶ˰̫࣬ӭ϶ԷȻſ񽣣ҲԲֵܵˡңҲд֮ˣѰһչصأлԪȱԴۣ󣬶ԷҲƿ
ҪΪҪΣ

밲ʶһսо˾޴ѹʶԼΪ̫ˣ޷¡
ү˵ˣֻп磬ɣ˵죺С㲻ƿɽ֣ȡڳԴѰ龧һͻƵ磡ȻԴΪϰ֮ǰɱǸǻ˵ȥ
СƤŮˣ
һĥ
һ뿴һۣƹĿ⣬û˵ʲô
ߣԴѰǰۼ
˸â
£һɽΪʼ㣬ӣʶɢʼѰԴǿǰµۼЩڵǶԶдá
ûãɽǱһ˲˸顣
Сӣзû
û
ط
һɽһƬɽȺ
Դ󣡶ɣ
С
һʱ䣬Ƭɽ䣬޲Ⱥɡ
㡣
˾䣬С
ŵɢƬɽ̽Ѱ磬һǰСúƬɽȺ̽ѰϣûѰԴǰ˵ۼȣͨ龧Ѱ˲٣ǧң龧Ѱʮ
Ҳʮ龧ˡ
˵
ͷһ뿪Ƭɽǰط
ǿһƬƬɽһ֣ȻûѰԴ龧󣬲ɢҵͨ龧龧ȴѰ٣Ҳܿͨ龧ˡУҲѰ˼ǰǿߵۼһ󣬶ԴӾΪ˽ˡ
һ㣡ֻһˣ
й⡣
񣬾밲ʶһսѾȥ˰ʱ䡣
һ죬Ǵһɽ߳׼ǰһɽҪѰһԴͻƵΡҲʱһЩղĴ׷ѰǣȻ׷ѰǵĿģȻҪһһնɱ
СƤˣ

ӹĥŮˣұƯׯط绪
ʱѾȥ˰ʱ䣬ﻹղƵʱ˻ݵ£ÿһҧгݵı顣
죬棬
Ƕղʱûȥɽֱӱǽһ֣̽ѰԴǰ˵ۼȣѰͻơ
һۣչȥЩ죬Ȼһɽȴõղڽһ˹
СƤ
Ůˣ
Ͱͬʱ
һ˚iһɽúѰһǳǿǰµۼȻȥ˷ǳԶ£תĵɾˣһƬǰ
ûһӰطϥ£ĵ̣֮ĵⶼеơ
ˣһա
պһȺۣԵľʮĽĵ򲨶ԸŨˣΪһУ˰벽Σ죬ƺʱп뵽򡣵ȻҲһ
߳ɽٴ׷ղƵļҳһһ˵ʶ̻Ｋһ˹ŹȥǸڣԹ
Ӵȥүģûˣ

Ůˣ
ﻹô֣һֱļš
˵չأ˵Ҫķʱ䣬ڼ޷߳ʶҲѾУ˽ǻʲôơ
ͷȻˡ
н֯âоŸǿս֮ǰһˣУӦ˱˹ȥ
һûг֣һЩɽúõȷеϢղ˰ĵս͵ڰսǴΪңһ
ģȻսһټǸ˵һʶڣȥصʿ꣬ʣ

ŬΪ
˵
ǼдɽһѰԴȣһС
УǰҲǵ֪ණ֪׷ڰߵľŴսĴһս졣ڶսԪ졣սӣ졣ս½նѣ졣սƣ졣սҢ졣սѦ磬졣ڰս죬Լ֮ǰնĵھսب
ңݴԣŴսУǰ漸˽
˵һܿµݣһսԿԺڣ˳ƣŴսеĵһս˿в
һ֪ºȻоȴҲֻһ˲ϢѡǼƴɽУŬΪ
תۣչȥ
պǵľǿЩһɽ߳ٴղƵļҳĽ֮ǰˣһ˱һĲֵ輰һ˵ļޱȶ񶾡


832 Խǿյĺ
ղҳЩ˵ɫǱҲˣ˵ȶǣ˽ʵܡ
ģС֮ǰڵթ˽һǧ龧𣬼ڵѰ龧һǧˣھҲֻһ˿Щ龧ӡϰɱ󣬴Сȥ

ǣ
ŵ
˼£˵ͷ
ԭ׼Щ龧ظ𻯵źͷڣ֮Ϊŵе̣񣬽˽輰Ȼܲ졣
Ҹεĵط

£һвıԵλãΪԵλԶʿ١
һ֮ڱԵλѰһɽɽȻֲïʢȴǳͨҪط˲٣ԿһӰȻƫƧطκʿϾĵطʵûʲôֵõġ
һ˲ⷽɽúѰһεڣܲһ漴һ֣ӳƬ龧龧ʱ䣬طֱӱ嫵ûˣһֻоë׶˿̹ͨ
Ϊ㻤ͻƴ۸ǣ
ĥ
ҲͷվһߣĽ֮ƽΧм䣬ΪһԲʮҵĿռ䡣
쿴һһۣ΢΢˸̫ľתľ۷״̬֮ǿʼȡܵ龧
龧Ϊ۴ʲô磬ֱΪ
ˣ
Կһƴ龧â󻺻ûӿڡ
ʱ䣬ѪⶼΪ̫֮ľתת٣ɺЩʹ⣬ҲʹѪøӵľӨ
漴һ̣ԴԱߣö񵰶Ҳʼ
СһȲҪɣҪ£Ҫǿ򡣡
ڴ
ѽ
𶯣Ҳ漴ֹͣ龧
쵭һЦ漴ǣӿڵ龧ע뵽֮УһһߵĴͬʱĶǡ
ģԽӴ⣬ԽǿϢһƵ
⣬ȴ˿ҪҪ¡
ˣ
˫ۣâ˸ʼǣĵȫȥֵ
ҪͨɾҪĲǣҪģǵ
ֻƿ㹻Ĵ򣬷ſƿͨĴţ
˻ܣһ̣ûκοɵĵģʶȫڣȥѾںѪʶеֵ
ʵĵͬһƹԴ㣬֯⡣
ʶȵУʶ·ǻһС˰㣬ƬЩĹ죬Щף͸ȴܸоǵĺ嫣ޱȹ
ҵĵɡʲô
ɻ
ԼĵѾѪʶڿӡ˴򣬵ǣȴ֪ʲôȫģף˺ʲô
ʶ֯ȴڣղɻ󣬶ȥȥڡ

Լ䣬озھ
ģʶƮʼ䣬ƬٴԻ˳ʵƬɽˮˣޣļ֮仯
Ƭ磬ˣˡ

ƬһƮƲ㣬һε̫һһ£棬ѭǣȴƬƬѭ
Ƭ֪ʱ˶ãֻԼʶƺøǿһЩͬʱƬ罥һϼ⣬ָɫӦоУﶼȾ˲ͬɫʡ
һĻƬԽԽ޴ͺˣУо·ɳһСУҹͣﶬʱʱԶͣ£һжѭ
ʶУһɽ⿴һ仨ήһή֮һ˳ͬɽװƿ㣬չҶ漴ɳɳ֮ǰĻһģһ£ѾҶԡ
ⱾǷǳͨ£ȻڷҲ洦ɼһ̣ȴǶݣ֪ΪΣһ𺳡ͨ䣬ֻо·һƬǿգǿջҪ
ǡ
ľ𺳣ֻô򵥵һĻΪԼͻȻĸо
Ҳһ̣嫵Ĵӿϵ¶ӿڡ
ˣ
˲ѣĽɫøǿʢûˣ·ǻƽһ㣬һޱȰϢڳƺҪƬض
ңͬһʱ䣬ĵ򲨶ȻһƵɢͬˮһ㳯ܵȵ򲨶ɫȴ·ؼ
Զ˽һ볯ĵȥЩ𺳡
Сӣ⵽ʲôүǵúǧУûĵŪʲô⣿
˼⣬ﵽ۷壬ǧ֪һ򲨶һʱ֪ںִĵȴֻܸɵۣĸоȵ򣬷ǧеκһֵ
Ҳüɻ
һһֱŹֵĺܣ
ֹ
ˣ
⣬ɫԽԽŨԽԽǿԼƲڳɳ
תۼ䣬¹ȥ
ʱһǧ龧Ѿĵһɶϥм䣬˫΢գĽɫԾ򲨶ͬһ㾪ˡ
ֻһ˿ֻһ˿ܴﵽˮ׼
קצӡ
ѽ
һߵҲսȭͷ
λã̫ľתɫ⻺ø貣øŨͬһȪرעˮԴڽﵽȪص档
תۣչȥ
һ죬΢ʶڵƬ翪ʼζ漴ʧʶ»صԼڡ
ʱ˸͸ӨѪ⣬ͬһʱ䣬Ǹо˸ǿʢĴ򣬱֮ǰǿʢʮҡ
䣡
ܣǧâһӿ֣ɢһǿƥϢ·һĴڴˣ޾糱ˮһӿϡ
һѪһ̷ŷ츲صı仯һ˲ǿʢʮڵĴڳǿͬһɽһ㡣
̼䣬Ϊģ쫷ϯϰ˻ģ޷ֹ


833 ٴ
쫷ϯ֯һΪķɿĳӣİ˽ԶݡȲЩ£ǵĸо˿̻򣬵ϢȴѾȴǿ߻Ҫǿ
Сӡ
죬ʵ˿ɢĲ̫ˣҪ羳ֶ𺳡
䣡
䣡
䣡
쫷һͣӣطһ˵ķˣϵɳҶȫʮ֮⣬ʹĵһ˲ޱȸɾ
Ϣãǿ󰡣
ľ
ڵأɫ⽻֯ԽԽ貣ԽԽǿʢε۾Щͬһʱ䣬Ѫ⣬ȶڷڷ츲صı仯ͬһС罥ǿʢͬһż뽫ҪƿҪ
ˣ
üĿʼ⣬ۣӿʶڵҡҷ
𶯣һֻ̣ڷڣҲʼʼһ㳯ʶڻ۶ȥм£۳һΡ
ʣǣڵĻʶοʼ׳ԽԽһһ޶Ӱ
꣡
аԵ
ΪŴ۳Σһʶڻ꣡
꣬ǿֻҪ겻Ҳ۳ǣ
ʶԼԱߣһ޳Ļ壬ıһ޶һ̬һϢ
ʱ䣬š
겻׳ֱչȥڱ׳
Ҳʱʶһ޴ķϯʮڰɫøӾˣͣҡҷһһĳܵȥ
䣡
һɸǿϢԴ֯һһ̻һԴ
ֻоһ漴ǿԴԴϵӿϣȷŸǿˡ
һ̣̲סҪ𣬸оԼ·Ҫű˰㡣



Ϊģһı飬ѷͬ֩һ㳯쿪ȥ
˶סˣǲɵúˡ
ط¡֮ڶҲ֪ȥ˶ãǽƽϢ
ͻƽȥˣ
˫۷Ź⣬ֱģ漴̲סЦ
λãноâ˸ʱϢȶˣڴһ죬ԲϢǿʿ
̫ˣ
ﻶϲ
̳͵â֯ģ漴ɢ
˫վǼʶʮһУȭͷܹĸоѪҺн֯Ͱ벽ʱȫһˣصĲࡣ
һ̣ĸʵֻ綼Щһˣˡ
ǰɽɽˮˮڣоһУƺǵڽ֯
⡭Ĵ
ȭͷоâ財
СӣоΣ
Ĵɫ˹Ҳǰ졣
һƬµ磬ƺǰһˡ

ڵĴˣὥ䱾ԴȻͺǰ𡣡Ǵڣ˵磡
ͷʵǣ֪Ҳ
оӣ
˵
ȻүѾ˵ܶˣɣ漴צһʶСӣϵһպڴսб壬һؾۡ
ʶɨʶе⣬ʱ΢΢ݣлһĨɫһַǳĴ֮ʶԴ⣬Լ㹻ĴԼʹ֮ʷʿԴĳֲɼϵ漴֮󣬵ȱﱻʱߵǿͨķһЩѪ»ָﵽͱƻǰһģһ״̬
ԭ
졣
ɱٴǿߣЩǿ߱ؾʱҲȫָ֮ǰһֱԴɻڽӴ֮˲ˣԭЩǿߣȴ֮ƹϵ
˶٣ʵ㿴Ҳؾ۰ɣ
Ȼԡͷ˵վͬȶϾȽͨԴ˷ֻҪһʶͱԴȼɣ󣬻ָҪķѵѪҲǼ٣˵ǿԺԲƵġ
ǱͲһˣҪԴ˷ҪķѵʶȶǷǳ޴УʶʹᣬΪǿģͱԴͲһˣһ̫Դʿо޴𺦣ӰиңԴ˷ıؾʱҪķѵѪҲǳ޴󣬱ؾ۱ҪķѵѪҪĶࡣ
ԣһԣʿǲԴ˷ģΪ϶֧Ų𡣵ȻҲЩʿôһЩʥͻԪ챦ȣǿؾ۵ģֻȱǳ١˵꣬죬ڶˣ
ͷ˵ͨ׶˲ס
ԱߣҲǵͷʱסЩ
ˣǾͿʼɣȴ֮ձ飬Ҳǳ򵥡

ǵͷ΢΢һʱתâıԴ⣬⣬ʶԼһӿ֣ϵȸǣâͣ˸
ˣܿǰӹȥ
ˣ
˵
Ļȴ֮ȷʵܼ򵥣ɱˣϵ·ȷɡ
˵⻰˺һ䣬֮飬漴΢â۶˺µ侹תۻָúͱƻǰһģһ
գգۣĿԣ
Ȼԣүʲôʱƭǣ˵ˣʿؾʱȽһָǶ֪¡Ʋ죬漴죬ٺٵЦСӣڵˣϽģӡɱ󣬸ɵСƤȥ
ԣǣ
ŵ
ͷâʱǱղЩҳһǴ˺Ѷһˣޱȶ񶾣ȻҪֻһ
£һ뿪طڿն𣬲ճƬɽȥ
ˣ
ʱһ޴쳹
˲ϢѣƬرһƬڣƸǶܼн֯ڱ˷Բڵпռ䣬ѹֵϢ̳Ƭɽÿһ䡣һ̣Ƭɽ·˳𣬲ͣĻζľҡڡ


834 
쳹ϵ£һ̣ޱŨƻڲϣڱ˸졣ȥ罻֯Ƽ䣬ͬһµ㣬ֲˡ
ʱ䣬һ˽Ƕݣɫ
٣
澪
Եĳһ˶İ⣬ٲеڶֿܡ
̵ģͨɴ٣үû˺ۣ漴ȻУģĸ˵ͨɽ٣ôô£ŴͨɽҲԶûôŰɡưٷ֮һȲˣ
䣡
Ƭرøˡ
ŵӣôôµͨɴ٣ҵͨɴǿһ򱶶ֹ⡭ǿҲᱻôܻôµͨɴ٣Ųϵŵˡ
ʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ȵİҲɫһٱ䣬ޱ𾪡
Ͻģ뿪ҪȻ군һĥһĸ˵ôֲͨɽ٣үûӰСֱûĸոտͨɾ˿Եסôµ٣
һУΨ岻סķð亹ë
Ųӿ۵ɱ⣬ܹĸоһжǳģһεɱˣһģһֺ
ֻε٣ӿ£
ߣߣ
Ĵɫһ壬ͬʱѰٵˣǿܶѰҵκӰӰɵһżˡ
ٶҲתۿԶ
ʱһһҲûжվԭأŲ֮ϡ
㿴ʲôϽ߰
е
ҲǵۣСӣûٻôģһΰ𣿣
վԭأе亹ˣںڵƣǱ鲼ܼĲ񷣬ֻоһϵĴҪ
˲Ϣѣ궼Ųвͬޱߺڰû
ǡߣ
ɳƵ
һ¶ɫ⻰ǳ⡣
С˵ʲôȻҪߣҲҪ߰㻹վʲô

üжֳɻ
ǿٳȥҪ뿪
̧֣һȦɫâֱӽƾܳȥ
ߣͳɳƣҪ亹մʪˣǡҵ١
⻰һһɫ
٣Сӣ˵ʲôλأôѹ

ţٳֺĴѰҶɽ֮ˣȴһӰӰڣⳡģΪʹɴ˫ۡҪ֪ԹʿֻվͨɾʱŻ֮ѣǲ٣ڣǴͨɾ磬ôܻ٣֪Уǲܵ£޿ܣ
ˣ
һøˡ
ߣ
ͺȡ
ɫ⣬ҲΪԼʵĹϵκҲпܻѣΪڿվʱ٣ֻǣ˿Σ²еѹɫѿ
ɹͨɾֻǲ²ڿʱܻѣȴҲ϶ںѾǽȴ£ûȥɽٵ׼֪ѹ£̫ڿֲˣ궼ڷ
䣡
Ӵ̶ڳӣܼž졣
ߣ
ٴκȵ
ʱĸоԼⳡжô£ǵķΧ󣬹ԺɽҪѣ˴ܵǣ
ﻹǲ٣ڿȥһߣ
ˣ
һ̶
һĵ䣬һѪ
ɫϣֳܴ̽ץȥҲһ̣ٴƺһڸأһͬҲա
󷽣ԱɫֻǣǱҲǸоһɴһϵɱԲǴգŵѹȶȥ
ҧԴΪͼƺƵһ¡
ߣӵϲ뿪Ҫգ
ȵ
ʱƣٸǿˣ͵ͨɴһ·һϵ־Уκϣϵ飬һȫҪѹ䡣ʱ򣬳ȴ⣬޷վϣǿҪգضڵһʱѣٵ
һ˿̶˵ϣɫ𾪣ȿֲ֮
ˣ
֮ϣŨƷѪɫ罻֯Ƶء
һ̣ڳУ
һĺڰٳӣһɺŵĻƵؼĴܵӰ죬һѿռͣл
һ˲䣬в򶼸оȿֲɱսս
⡭ô£
ҡҸоص⡭ʲô
ϲڷŭ𣿡
Ϣã٣ڶɽ٣
١ٵϢɡ˭ڶɽ٣Ӱʲô˵ϢܴôԶ⡭
вʿĲ
һ̣ϵƲ㶼ܵ˾޴Ӱ죬ƺֹͣ
䣡
һڵɽϿգƻٳ׳УѪɫͬŭ鳤գѹһ֮ʡ
ڣź¡һ죬һͬһСɽԲѹ¡
Ѫɫܿ죬֮ȫˡ
һ˲ѣѪɫͷ֮ϡ
̧֣ȭɫȭâʮռ䣬Ѫɫȥ
¡һ⾪Ѫɫ绡ž졣
ȣ
ѪֱӺ˳ȥ
ֱըˣѪˮ⽦ϣ޵ĺ죬Ŀġ
һĻͰɫٴξ䡣
Сӵ٣⡭ôܣ
𾪣Ȼٺɱʷϴδ£
죡
ﻨʧɫ̲סгǵһμôҵӣֻһ˲ѣͱһֱۡ
䣡
ϣս죬һѪɫƲзϢŨˡ
ϣâ˸˲ؾ۶ͬҲһָڴΣȻˣȣ֮ǰҲѾǵҲؾ۶
ߣ߰
ͺ
һһ漴ڣͳ뿪˵УطΨһ֪ΪֻˣʱŲϵĹԼµⳡֲΪλѹ£Ǻйء
δֹǿʣƺڤڤеǧов߾ȫҪ֮ٵ
һۣŰ뿪ǽԱߡ
ǵٶȶܿ죬ȻǲУҲתۼԶ޴ɽ
֮ϣһٷΧ΢΢һ
ˣ
Ҳʱ𶯣졣
̧ͷ񷣬ޱУٵѪɫһѹ䣬׺١


835 Ѷɽ
ٵѪɫһѹ䣬ͬͷޣ֮ʲôҲû£մѿԶյһȺݶ˴ѣ˲ڲը顣
ԶգһǱɫ׷̫ڿ£ȻվںԶĵطҲܹоǵȿֲȫҪݻһеľ
졣
ﵣģս˫֣̲סС
ˣ
ٵѪɫ
ҧ⽻֯ʩչһƬ̫񺣣һƬһǿһ£뽫УŲ֮ӭȥ
һĻƬɽʱֶݣ˫Բš
̫ǿ£򣿣⡭ôܣ
һɫ죬Ȼͬʱ̫壬̫
ԱߣûоȣΪ֪ݻǿݻ˵ֻͨҪԭ˼ѷɫ١
䣡
ǰƵף£ܽ֯ӭٽٵ硣
ʱ䣬һֽͬİ㣬һԵޱȴͣ顣
̫ǿ£ŹâĴΪ߶ǲԶٵѪɫ˸߿֮ϡ
ȻҲ˼࣬ðڹ⡣
ˣ
״̶ֽٵ˲£Ĳ˼飬쵽Ӧǽ֣һʱֱӽᴩ˵ص֮¡
һʱ䣬Ѫˮգ޴ɽһ̮Բʮڣеľȫˣ˲
죡
Զ̲סʧе
ۿ챻һᴩصףŵһֱӳ˹ȥ
䣡
ɽ䣬ǿʢĽɫ⽻̳֯ܵȫɢԵص׳
ʱ˿̣ģޱǱؿһ޴ѪϡܿѪһƬڡ
ҧҧ̫ľת޸壬ת֮»ָ
Ҳʱһ촫ֽϣʮͷͬɽѪɫ֣ÿһͷϺպգ֮ʽ˰㡣
΢ʮͷѪɫǿֲľˣÿһͷƺŻһеľ㤡һ̣Ҵ⣬ֱӽԿرתʹԷĽХ콣ն񷡣
֮ڶ콣âնʣƿ֮Ϯɱϡ
ʱ䣬ʮͷֲײһܱߵĿռ羡ϣѹ콣âһһ顣ͬʱʮ׹䣬ÿһԿȵһֵѪɫâƵǚi˸
ֻǣ̫ܼˣվ޷ȫܿȻʮͨ⣬ȴҲǱѣʮ֮󣬱УʱѪģ
䣡
죬ʮͷøˣڻѹ£񽣲
ͬһʱ䣬ѪСֱը
һ̣ʮѪɫû£ǣǵȻԵȴǴȻǣҲԿ⣬崫һľʹ
ԶգͰ˸ľ漴佫ڵ񽣻
һʱ䣬񽣹âţһĴ߶£ٶȼ죬˲ǷɵԱߡ
СӣԾŽһֵ

ͷһ޸һԴΪȫ߶ſ󽣡
һſ񽣽ǣ໥һͬʵʰײɱϢʱֱ
ʮܵ谭ȫ߶ľſ֮£ʼһѡ
Զ³һ֮ɫȴһЩϾǾſ񽣣ԴΪ߶Ʊ֮ǰǿӦԶɹⳡ
ˣ
ҡˡ
ƲУһƬ֣ʼһֱѹһУв
ֻһ˲ѣѪǿĵֱӱ鲼ѺۣѪˮȾȫ

ҧɫޱѿ
ʱ򣬵ֽ׻ȥֽױѹӦʹϢʱ䣬ȫҪ·ϱơ
䣡
һƬֽΪһƬܼаÿһɽٵ繹ɣƺҪв򶼸ٵ㣬ֱ֮ը
ʱ챻ѹȵ˵ϣµľ޴ɽǲͣζһı飬رһ³Բڵľֲ꿦ȫ顣
ȥһֲĳʮѪɫǰںһƬȫһĩյĳ
Ȼһвûоʹֹסޱߵٴδֽ׸ֶΪһƬ嫵ɽ֮Ҳ֪Ȱֲ˶ٱڳֵһɲǱʹѪСٴը鿪
⣬ȴֻǽŶϢѹȵĽǽѹ£ûκһ˿֮ϡ



治ͣ飬ձøڣȺڰƺҪﶼɡ
ͬһʱ䣬ſ񽣲ϻζ֨죬ڰֺϾҪ顣
Ѫˮͣӿ޸תۻָֻǣŸ޸ǣǿĵϱǿʼһѺۣĹҲڲͣĴ죬ʱһվվȵĸоƽĺڰС
һ̣ɫ԰ݺҧֱԴΪȫ߶ſ񽣣ʹŽǿһ˲佫ֵʮȫ顣󣬾Ž佣ɢ˿һֽɨȥˡ
漴ỽԴԱߵöҲȡ˳һִԱߡ
һʱ䣬һһ
еСӣСһ񵰴ԣҲʲôŽһ𣬶ٿһЩ
ˣ
̮ˡ
һֽ̣ԻֻһΪһž޴׵򣬷·ǳһ޴ʼһֱﶼԭʼⱻ
һһۼ׶ʱֽױԾ񽣱飬ɵֽȴֱԻֽ׺͵ֽ׺һʣ̫ڿ£δţȻſ񽣺һҲˡ
˲ѣֽ֮Ƶʮռ侶ֱ飬Ƭɽ̮Լ񽣱ɣһ񽣿ķѣ
һ̣ѹ䣬ޱƣ¡
췢Х˫ֿٽӡֻͼʩʩȻת
ˣ
ԴΪ߶ֻͼҲ֪ǿ˶ٱʥϢ֯ܣڱգƺƵϣӭѹĽס
̼䣬ֻͼ͵ֽ׵ײһ𣬵绡̮֯
ɽ֮⣬¶⣬ֻͼǿͨɾʱǿ̫ˣͬնͼԡ
ˣ
̶ֽѹֽ£ĹâֱûһС
͵һֻͼ飬ޱȻϣǿֱը飬ѪˮΨһͷ­鲼֩Ѻۡ


836 µĵ
Ѫˮ죬ͷ­ƮڿУһѪɫѺ۲ͷ­Ŀġ
죡
ɽ⼫Զг֪ﵽ˴ȫҲԺܿ飬һĻۣᡣϾǵһμҵģ
涢ǰСһ񵰣жǴŵǡ
䣡
̶ٹûʮ
ʱ򣬵ֽȫѹ£ֺ͵ֽȴֻɾˣȴǽ˵ؼ
УΨһʣµͷ­ҧ˫۶ѪˮմʪˣΨнɫ⻹ڷڣܿؼ䡣
ֻǣŸոճֽ֣׺͵ֽ׳£ٹ졣
켹ٴγֻͼͬʱͨƴȫȥ⡣
ֻǣֽһѹ£ǵɱ̫ڿˣ򶼵ֵˡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽܼ£һķ飬ѪƮ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƭ޴ɽ̮̳ͣ
𣬷ͺѪٳм£ٴ顣
ɫ԰ףɨʶҡҷʶײλһҲʯ㣬ƺʲôҲ
ղұҵѪ¾ʶײ
н֯⡣
ˣ
׹ɲˣƬռȫǡȥһɽһž޴򣬸ܼĽٵ磬Ǻһ𣬳׷Ƭռ䣬һɹɻԵ֯ƺƵ졣
ǣΪɱ£
۵һһΣ챻ֻͼ콣ȶԵֵˡ
¡
â֮УɫƲ֮£ը鿪Ѫ⿿£м䶯һȦȦɫ֮£ܿһؾ˳ɫȴǱò԰
Ŵǣ⼸ֽ׵ȴǱøǿҪ֮ɱ
ҧԴ⣬ֻ֧֮ͼʹֻͼøӺ嫺ǿʥϢһʱ佫ȫǣػС漴ٴ̧˫֣ԷɿٶȽӡǣڵһִδʩչ

ʱֻͼ֧ţķ鿪
ֽ׺ƺƵɽ£ѹ
Ҳʱâ֯Ũĵ򲨶֯ʼһʩչԼĴĵƶ
ˣ
ʱ䣬âʣ嫣󣬷·һƬĻǡ
һ˲Ϣʮռøˣѹֽ׶ͣһ¡ͣվֻɲǣɲǼֽ֮ѹ£¡
ҧ֪ԼĴʲôǣţԲ
飡
ͺ
˫ֽӡԣʵĵâһϣӭֽס
ܿ죬ʵֽٵײһ
ͣ
촫ͬһƻϨ˰㣬ֽٵУǳƬĻԵ˲ȫ̮ͬһ㣬һ˲ʧˣ̼֮󽵡
ƬɽԶһʱɫ
ǵȽףСӸղſµͼȫֵסڣִȴȻ׼
𺳡
ֵ֪ʲôǧУҲֵֻܸоܺ嫣һ̣оĿ£ǿԽһ㡣
ǰҲԾһ̽ǶݡĴ״˵徿ʲôȴһһļ°ĸо궼¡

еĵʧЩʱ̲ס￪ڣĴǿ󡣱ϾܼĺֲܿƾǴǿȥˣҲ˲䱻ִһ˲ͽ֮ˡ
ʱǣ챾Ҳľطڶɽ٣û˱ǵĿ£Դ߶ֻͼסǣȴ׽֮ˣǿͷһ
ˣ
״̶һһƬƬա
ٱԴ飬ʱ򣬵ֽ׺͵ֽ˹һɽʣһž޴Ļѹ䣬ˡ
̧ͷ¶âøŨˣǣͬʱ֯ȭˡһֻ̣ǵĵֱֲֵֿĽףĴӶȭֻԵĽм䡣
ˣ
һȭ񷶼ζˣʮռ
ȥ⽻֯ʵ⣬ͬһۡ׷г棬һɽһٵ紨̽Դ򸲸ǣһ𣬾ӲǵֵĽٹ˺ķ飬绡͵졣
ԶĿ࣬㵱ʯҰУʱ˿ֻ̣һ˫ȭڻ׷гȻֵĿֲ˺ˡ
͵һǰ绡֯Ӷһ˫ȭɽȫ顣
һ˲䣬Ƭƺ˲٣ֽ׺͵ֽɢ
ǿ󰡣
־ϲִǿᣬϲʱû֮ǰǰαˣӦÿִԲĶɹⳡ١
ǰ޴ɽҲ֪³˶٣ĵرϣͷɫ񷣬оâ֯˸

ͺȡ
ڤڤеĴƺǸоƣȻһ쾪صĺʹԭڵĿռøӺڰˣƺҪһжû
ȥϵŨ𶯣ѪɫԻÿһ֮ͬǰѪɫ㣬ЩѪɫɫƲзƬ̺һȻ׹䣬ͬһٵ꣬ȥ
һʱ䣬ڵƬռȫˣܼĽѹ£ɱһУƬ޴ɽ̼ķѣرĽƲ
ڰ֣
н֯âֱϣâ֯ͬʱֻͼӡʶǿֶȫȫڰֵĻ׷
Դ֯ȫһƣƬ׷гһͷͷ顣ͬһʱ䣬Ϊڰֽٵ̫£Ȼд壬ȴҲǱһδλѪˮƬռ䡣
תۼ䣬ȥγǿĴǿгŹ˵ڰֽף¾ۺ
ʱһƵ绡֯һֿµϣͬԶ鸴˰㣬ǺȽǿ˲٣Ϊһء
Сӣͣһˣ
Զ󺰡
ٽԡšΪ׹ȥɹ١
ˣ
죬֮ϣɫӿ纣һ㣬һȦȦľ̼仯һ޴ĺɫУѪ罻֯һ˵ĻʼƵҪƬ㡣漴һ̣Уһž޴ͼ֡
ͼĴֹסһʱɫ䡣ʱȾѪʹȴ̲סֱӱֿڣҸڣ
ͼֻͼ


837 ׷
ͼƴɫл֣ڱ˷Բʮɵпռ䡣ȫɽٵ繹ɣȴ֯һ磬͸ʥ嫺ϡ
ͬʱҲɢŻ
ק˫ȭĶͼͼֻͼһģһ
˵
ٴ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶͰҲǸɫȻҲǷͼرȫֻͼһģһһ£ɢϢҲһģһΨһͬǣʱͼԶԶǿֻͼ֯ŨĻϢ·һܽﶼ
⡭ô᣿
𾪡
н֯⣬ֱֱĶͼͼŵ졣
䣡
̶ͼһճƬ̮
վѾƵĴɽ䣬ݺһһѪˮֱ˳
־ŭͼֻͼһģһȴͬնֻͼ֪ǿ˶ٱֻ΢΢һش
ɣ
Ųϣһûη壬ھŭзһǿս⡣
ϣתɫľ޴з·Ҫһа㣬м䣬ͼٴ𵴣̼Ѫɫ׹¡Щ粢׳ȴ֮ǰЩҪ£һռѣһӿ֡
һĻЩˣԶһһֿʼԶȥ
Сӣס

ˣ
ϣ죬ʮ
ܼѪɫѹ£գأͬһʱ䣬ž޴ͼҲѹǷԲʮɷΧĿռ䣬ȫС
ȾѪһ̷Хֻͼӡʶȴͨȫͬһʱ䣬ԼĴȫ֮壬֮ɱӶű򸲸ŵȭͷնϣͼ
һ𺳵ĳ޴к񷣬һźƴͼԻУѪɫͬˮһ׹䣬Уڳ棬ܼѪɫп񷣬һ˫ȭ·ͨɱڳͼȥ
Сӡ
ľٻɲһ̣һˣ𺳡
ˣ
ϣ죬ڤڤеĴֶƺǳһʱ䣬ͼˣǺѹ˰㣬ĲƺƵ¡
ϣһ̵һʱѣͨ飬ǹ⡣ԼһȻֿµ壬ȴҲǳܲסƣֱӱ鿪ˡⲢû꣬ͼ𶯣Ѫɫֱȥ
ͼѵԼʶɣȻֱӱСӵ꣡
Զɫ
һͱԴһҪһ٣ֱӾͻһ̣Ѫ䶯֮ԶȥдһڹâӽУͬʱֻͼٴγӭѪɫ硣
תۣؾۣٴնϣͨ
ֻǣȴûʲôãͼѹ£һУһʱĥС
۵һٴըѪˮ죬ǣĿġ
䣡
ͼµٶȲ죬ѹ䣬ѪɫȴԽԽܼԽԽ£ңһֱ̽ӱ꣬ҪֱӴݻ١
𣬴ӿٴ۳Ѫɫвϳ档
¡һ죬ʮ졣
ʱ䣬飬ѪˮŽ
ؾХӭ񷣬Ӷһ˫Ŵȭ
һ̣ޱӢΰޱȾˣͬһۻʡ
ֻǣͼ̫ˣѪɫ罻֯ԸһС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ںƴͼ³棬һһεıÿһѪɫ綼ֱȥÿһζǾޱȣÿһζͬϸ˿У˿֮£ǵֹĺڰ
¡֮ڶ޴ͼڱ˸졣
ۣ
һΣ飬ѪܣĿģðûסᡣ
ĻѣһжֻΪڡ
ˣ
ɫӿ۳ɫ԰ףеսȴǸŨˣͷڷ趯
꣬Կ
Ųϵͼ
ӭŲ񷣬üĹâʢֱϣһѪɫУնٵ磬֯Աߣɢպϡ
ƬɽԶĵطһ붯ݣǱɫ
Сˣ
ȵ
ͼ£һУʱЩѪɫֱȥʱȴȻԼ˳ֱѰ·
Ҳ
Х
У׺г棬һУѪס
⣬ǹâʢǿľˡ
ˣ
ҡͼƵ׹ٶȸ죬ѪɫŨһС
۵һٴըѪȾա


һΣȥе֮ϣ֯ܣѪг棬һХƱ鲼ֻͼٴԻ
Ǹӣ
ۼ׵
ӹ񣬴ϵʿǳӱԼ꣬ʹκ𺦣ΪʿޱҪĴڣԴһġȻݵȻȫڻ׷г棡
¡֮𶯣Ѫ׹䡣
ܼѪɫУֶͨԽԽ鵭ֻǣʼղ𣬼̵ĴţңɢĻԽԽǿ
䣡
ϣͼâʢ׵罻֯ɵȫӿ
һ̣ͼ
һʱ𣬲ڵ۳ǡ
ѹµͼŽ߶ǿͬʱԴֻͼӡʶȣηĳϡ
һ˲䣬ײһ𣬽âƵӿ֮ûʮء
̲֪˶ãֱʮһжƽ
ܼѪɫʧˣϵҲʼɢȥƬռ䲻ٺڰ£ܣѾһƬɳĮƬɽ
ȥǰĿռ仹Ťɳأؽڣһĩճ
һɨܣӰѾȫΨһ޴һ̯Ѫ࣬֯ŵڼѵ䶯
һš
ʱһ¶ϲɫ
Ѫ䶯ٶ죬ֱ۳
̫ˣ
ﻶϲ
ϣ߲âϢӿ֣ؼ䣬޾ͬҺط۶뽫ûʼꡣ


838 
߲ʹâ˫˿ٹȥӿ֣ͬ˵еԴȪԲϴ£ȫУͬʱҲؼ޾Һ㽫һ˲ѣ忪ʼָϢһ
ˣ
⣬ɫâ֯ԽԽ貣ɢϢҲԽԽǿ
ܿ죬һӹȥ
ʱϢѾǿ㣬ȸոմﵽʱǿ̫࣬ͬһ㣬ܾˡ
Ҳʱ߲âɢȥӿϢƽ
վѪɫ绡֯ͬɰ㣬һܹ֮ǿࡣͬһʱ䣬׳ˣҲ˴ΪǴӴֱ˴һ۷塣
˵ȸոʱĸʵһı仯
ವƿһ˹
Сӣô
ʵ
ȭѪɫ绡֯ž졣
ǳã
Ц
ٳ𣬶ɲɹˣעʵʱʮţǺبһսһȭԷ򱬡
һжоâǸо˿̵ǿᣬȻȻɢϢͺˣʶɨӣͬһ׵ĺڶ㡣

ﾪȣͬʱҲϲôǿȻһǳֵûϲ¡
ͷ漴´죬һŵı飺˵Сӵô£Ȼ٣̫ˣ
ͰҲǶԴ˾Ȳѣʱٹȥһ죬ҲͰԱȽƽΪֻ֪壬ٲµһЩ
쿴۰һЦ̫ǿ춼ʡ
潾
Ʋ졣
Ҳۣתһ룬Ҳô˵ȷʵϾͨɾ֮ȶԹɴûκ
ʲôǿǿ֮ڵʵ˲٣ˣЦϽģȥʰֻСƤȻΪȥԴڱҩҲҪȥ˵ţצʹСһ񵰳Ʈȥ
Ȼ
н֯â˵ͷ
΢΢һЦԼƮ񵰣СһȻܳȴѾԼʶĻ֮ǰ龧ʱʶСһʱҪǵСһͺİ
ţպƿǶСһһǳɰ

Ƭռһɵ΢紵һƻɳ
ͻȻһЦֻ̣о˲Ϣ·׹޵ѩԨ
һ̣һĿв֣ͬһƬĺڰһֻסĺʹֻܲһҲ²
ˣ
嫵ĲֱըˣһƬ׺֣Ƭ̼һƬڰ
һֲĳȥ纣ڣ˵㡣
ˣ
һ죬вȫڵסˣֲָһصĲƵÿһռ䡣
⣬֡ôˣ
١ٵϢ
ڶͨɴ٣⡭ȸղŵϢ£Ȼնڰˡ⡭
գҪѿˡ
ô£˭٣⡭٣
ô£
һ̣޾սսȻһЩǿҲ֣̿궼ڷ
ڰ̫ʧвϯƶѹֵϢϯʮ
ˣ
ͣص죬ÿһ䡣
ڣͨ亹ٴ£ͫʲסĻζ˸
ԱߣһֹסĲ
⡭ʲô
ۺȻ
ŲϵĿֲٵۻʾֶÿ־
ڣ׺ӿ֣ⷭ⵱Ҫ簡
ļٴα亹մʪĺҪˮ£Щǡߣ
һ̣һɸӿֲˣ̴֮١
˺һ졣
ҵġ١
ѵ
˵ĸ֣ܣק˫֡
һһ𣬾ڿһĻѾµ׷ǳһ̣Լ˵̲ס𺧡
СϱǶħҪ㣿
̲ס˵
ͨɾ֮ʱ٣Ѿ㹻ˣȻٲŸոնɹȥپһѹ£ȷŵĴٸӿֲʲô٣Ѿ˵ǡ١ˣҪƣ·
죬зڣٴ𺳡ֻ֪壬ǣֻô𣿾ôʣٺ󣬾Ȼѣ
ˣ
غڰĻ
Ͳֹסķ
ߣ
ҧ
һ̣ûиһ˿Ӧʱ䣬ֱӳǿʢ͵Ľɫ⣬ǿĴʵǿнһСһƾܳȥԶԶ˦ƬѾȫƵɽȺھطԶһСɽϡ
ͬһʱ䣬һƬ׺ֱѹ£֡
۵һѪˮŽǿһʱը
죡
Զ˼һĻɫ䡣
Ŀ׺У罻֯Բڵֱӱٵˣ˲³ʮɣɽռͬǿ级һϯУͲйǱ鲼ķͬ޻һƮڿУҪжҡ
վ˴Ҷɹ֮ǰĴ٣ʵܾôȥؾ۳

ɫѿ
һԸǿΪֻͼӡʶȣ漴øӿ֣Ũâ֡
ֻǣһε̫ǿˣȷŵĺƴͼ£ֲ
¡һ֯䣬ֻͼӡٵʶƬ̼ĥĴһν飬Ѫˮ졣
⣬δᣬ׺󣬻Եݲֹɱ塣

ǿ죬һҲ̲סҽС
Զһѣ̲סᣬһ㱯Ĳҽ
𶯣޾дĲҽʮűƽϢ
Ѫ䶯ɫ԰׵㣬Ϣ˥͹ȣͬԴҲѾǱ鲼Ѻۣʱпܳ
ˣ
Ҳʱѹֵ𶯰˻ġ
һ̣ѿˣУһӰ֣ʹͷʿжϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰɲǼ䣬𶯣޾âӿ֣Ƭƺһ̾Ҫ߽⡣


839 ڶ
һŲϵֳЩӰ궼̲סҪˣһ̣ǺһָоЩӰʵڹġ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶСɽϣһǸȻ
⡭ʲôУôĶ
𾪡
䣡
ڵأͬһҰ׵Ĺ⻮ӳһĩ֮
Ƭռһڷ磬̹ǣʣļ¡
쵱𣬿һǿֱƿѺۣѪˮ
Ųϣ־ŭŲ
ԼѾǶɹ˱ӦڵĴ׷Ϊʲôѹ£
ˣ
񷷢һƵĺ绮أ׺ٴѹ¡
һΣ׺ٵһһӰУʹųӰȫɣûʲô飬ȥҲģȴ·ԴȪ֮ǰһֵźͼҪ£Ҫˡ
һʱов̲ͨסŲŭ
̫ľתޣͨ׺
׺Уž죬ĥһУһδλȴµĶµʹӰ˹ֱһƻ졣
һ׺ͬ˰㣬ַ·ۻʻӳһƣض
ͨһʱ飬ǺɣֱըѪȾա
䣡
׷û˶ͣ£øӿˣ塣ͬһʱ䣬֮ϣʹ֮ͷʿѹһìᴩء
ո׺ؾֱӭһٴ
ؾۣԴֻͼͬһʱ䣬ԼĴ߶ޣ貵ĵ⽻֯ϣѪ⣬ҲԴԹ
ˣ
һͻأ䣬׺ӷڣңԲ¡
챾ܵһһ˲䣬ӿµĻѹܣ£ŭͬʱҲ˲Ϣһ򡭡ٴνٵ٣Ϊĵ
ʲô֪ƾʲô
̲סŭ
ȻŭȻǡ
۵һȫ⣬ڵһʱ䱻ѹ˵壬ұ
Զһ־ּȴʲôˣΪһæܰϣǿٵıԵҲһ˲㱻飬ֱ
䣡
ޱ׷ѹ䣬׺һؽһأزϱ飬Ѿ³ʮɡ
ʱ򣬼ʹͷʿ֮󣬶ϱ۵ѹ£ףûʮռ䡣
ŭҽУһδ壬һδ飬ѵĶԿⳡѡ
׷УŴ壬꼸β㱻顣
׷УܱдŷŭĻ棬ݺҧرһչڱٻЩǵڵϾһһݷáʯȼдթĶԶ˸⡣
ȫ߶رһƿذڵ׷֮зɱøǷеŭŨЩһڽһԻ٣ǵԻٺĿ񱩻ӭⳡѣ׺ݻ٣Ť˰˻Ŀռ䡣
ǿµĹǣ׷ȴֹ£ͬһʱ䣬ʹӶƣͷʿìϱһ̤Уѹ졣
ȫӭֻȴԵЩƬ̺ٴηǡ
䣡
׺飬羶ֱ¡
һ̣Բڵز̮ͣڳŸԶӣʮһƬڣﶼٵˡ

ȴǱ鲼ѺۣʱѾˡ
ʱͱԴشͬһֻ׷гսʹȭϱ飬ͷʿ
¡һ׿Ӱޱѹ£ݿ࣬ɲǼС
ͬʱĴӰֱӱգãͬһ̯̱ڵϣؾۣ޷ҰѾģˡ
׷飬ֻֻ֪ΪƺƵĳѹ¡
죡
Զﻨʧɫ̲סֱڿճȥȻŸոճǱһɰѹ£ֱӿȳһѪ
ɫסٳˡ
ʲôˣ
ȭͷѶԣ̫ˣ϶Ҫ硣
Сӣվ

ֻǣתۼǱֲû縲С
̱һ޿Уͬһ̯࣬޷ˣԴ㣬鲼Ѻۣͬ΢Ļ磬·ֻһܳ׻
ʱ׺׹䣬о˾ͬʱҲʣŭб鲼ȫ
ˡ
ޱȿɬ
ʿƽͣҲԼĽţһԼҪҲһǺҵսսӢڣȴҪǾͷ·ȻпήĻݣסȻֻľ
ԣĪı
ͻȻƵ΢΢һǰֳһϤĻ棬һ귲ڴɽή漴תۼ䣬һԭ͵ͻ㣬׳ɳܿú֮ǰĻһģһ֮ǰˡ
ʱ·һ̶Ѿ˫ۣ
ǿ

ˣ
һȦȦâԻȻ貣׷ңһҲ޷סЩâĹһ˲ѣ⣬âø貣ҲԽԽǿ
͵һѹµ׺һͣƾ֣ܳڲȫը
һ̣ڳ⣬ԽԽԽԽǿϢһĻָѾʼ飬Դ⣬꿪ʼָ
ֻתۼѣ׻ָϢ
䣡
һ̣һɸǿʢϢڳڷ·һأƺһţ纣һ㷭ǿһ嫣ѹһС
Զһһ
ڶأٴͻˣ
Ȼ
䣡
񱩣һαøֲˣʹͷʿϱ飬׿ޣһ˹ȥ
ؾۣͨɫâʮ֮øǿˣŨ
оȣо˱ȶɹʱǿƺԴһС
ֲ׷ĻľıԵƴݣӴһڶ죬˿ȬԴ׳ʶǸӼ̣ʵ˾޴
̧ͷŲ񷣬һͺ𣬽ɫնϡ
¡һ񱩵һȭУ۵һʹֱӺ顣

׷£Ľâң֮Ũս䡣
ˣ
վƷӿؽ׹䣬ǧ׺١
ͬһʱ䣬ٵʹٴͬͷʿϱ飬׿޺ʧĿѪӰһѹ£֮ͬԴҪݻٵء
Ľɫٴαǣâֻ֯ͼӡʶ𣬸ͨӿ֡
ɱ
ͷڷ趯ǿۻʣֱӭµ׷ճϡ
һ˲䣬âûǧɷΧ˵Ŀϯϰ˻ģٴ̮飬ԲһС
һ̣ƺֱȥʮڱƽ
ϣںڵƻɢȥٴαùΨһƵĵ绡ڿн֯ž졣
ȥǰǧڵسױٵˣر³˽ӽɣһ޴ӣһƬڡ
ȥɨܣѰ졣ֻǣһȴȫѰӰˣȱⶼҲһ飬ʹһûʹȥ
̽ǿʶ󲻾ã䳯Ųȥ

צָϷ
ʮԶĸ߿ϣһνɫѪҺƯţԣ֯˿˿绡
ˣ
ֹգƬƻۣ߲ʹâǰδеĳң˲佫νɫѪҺ֣ͬʱ֮ͬǰĴʧʱǰ㣬ǣʮռ
ﱻâûתۼѣһǿϢӿֶɫѪҺɳ߸۳Ѫ⡣
죡
þϲ̲סг
֮ϣ߲ʹâУؾۣâ֯飡


840 ָն
߲ʹâ֯ܣ۳һ׵˸һ㣬ɢ͵򲨶ޱȾˣѪǿʢʥ¯
߲УͷųƬصһ¶һĨЦ
Сӣ
̲סĻѣû죬ٴͻƣӴһشﵽڶأʵʵ𺳡
ŲϣжоɫͬʱҲžâ
ܿ죬һӹȥ
߲ʹâɢâ֯ӿ£һԱߡ
ܹȥ´죬绡ƣ̲סִ¡

̫壬Ҳʲôԣֻһ±͸ожǿһ߲ս壡
ɹλ٣ͷҲܳˣôܻ᲻
˵
̲סۣԼһĺã
ѽ
Աߣ񵰱â˸жһԱߡ
΢΢һЦʱٵʲôˣڳ͵Ľɫ⣬Сһڣ÷ڸǿԴԱߡ
²˰ɣ

ˡ
ҡͷ
ʱһоֻԵˡ
ʵ˵׷治ܣ̫ʹˣвͻҷ
ҲǷ漴죬ͬһ㣺Сӣүʵ벻ףôڵĴ٣֮٣ٰôڤڤе춼оˣ
Ȼ٣£޵ʷˡ
û취ʵ
̯̯֡
NɪƨûáƲ죬漴ָܵأΪ٣طٳʲôˣһƬɽ̮Բǧɵڣ³ɡүԿ϶ڣؽ
طвԵȻŨֲȴԭкܶ࣬Ϊ٣طʲôҲûˣֻнͻɳ
ң

ѵүۣСϱָȱ¸ɾˣҪȻڤڤеĴôô㣬˾ҪŪ
ɫһڣһƣȱ¸ɾˣ
˵⻰ͻȻӦʲôһʱ䣬ԶΪ񽣣еڡ֮ǰһ飬ڱɣһֱûջ˿ͻȻǵϢǽǸٵߡ
ſ񽣰һ۳ʹƴȴֻʣ°˿ڣ޷۳ǵȽˡ
ϧ֮ǰһ֮¡
ֻٵһڣѾǺ˵ˡ

һڡ
Ѿ׹ȥطưһƬǽɫһûطֱͣڿգܿԶطŨĵطȥ
в򣬴ɽ۵ףޱΰȻҪʺܶ࣬ǾˡٴղƵļҳĽñǰˡ
ݺݵ̵ģˣСӣߣŪ
Ůˣ
һߵ
Ц磬һȻҪʰղƣ
ߣ
һЩٶȡ
úѭҵһȺڽʿղƵļҳһʶ̻߱ʮˣһڵߴšȻڵûпڣֻǸָһߣɫԵЩĮ
طһǳĵطƽԭܻʿǱʮ˵Ľ˶ڳʶ̻еһָָ㡣
˵˺ֻǳɱǸղƵһȺҳն˰ĵھսبңǱ˰һʶ
ʲôǳǳɱˣն˺ب˰һʶôܣѵһгصˣǿȥᰡ
ûУ˵ǿĲŰ벽ѡǣһˣȴžſ
ſ
⡭ʲô˰Ȼоſ
ʿȡ
ǳɱˣɱղƵļҳɱھսͬ޵еİһʶˣоſЩ£һԺˡ
˵ǸµĺܣһʶҲѹͬȻǼоſܽһʶˣǡЩôôС⡭Ѱ·һǼ˳֣Щ˿ɾ͡
ԴˣҲʿ⣺ǰЩô
ǾȻ벻ףǸղƿǳԵĳ壬һĿռ䴫ЩʿΪ˼ŭһԶ񶾵ĻһֻҪһ֣Ⱥ˱һĳźţղͨǵȿռ䴫ֱ̨ӳطҪ֪ղƻ˰ĵս͵ڰսҴһ
ô
ʲôĵս͵ڰս˿ɲǸبɱȣҪǿ٣ټһ⡭
ˣаµǾ߱ղƵʶʵǿֲң˵ǾʶﻹлԪȱݽߣ
ǡô˵ֻҪһ֣ǾͰٷ֮ٻᡭ
ϻҪȻЩʿô֪һҿɱǿߵ
⡭
ܣʿǼ΢
Ϳһܷˡ˵漴̾ϢղƵļҳʵЩ񶾣˵ļҰȣʵǡ
ﬣ
ʱ̶Ľ𣬼Զһɫâգ˲Ϣ
ղƵʮҳԶޱȣȻһ̱ǱɫâܵĶ˲ϢըΨǸΪԶⳡѡ
ʱ䣬ʿԱɫ
ԶӰնУһʱʿٴɫ䡣
ǣһ
Ȼˣ
ղһÿ죡ǿȻһ˲ͽղƵʮҳɱˣ棬ͨǿ߰
Щʿļ¡
ԶһǰǴЦ
ղǵɫâȻնڼԶղƵʮҳĶ񶾽ֱ̧նһ

ͬʮʿһĴͫױЦгһöâźŷ̧־Ҫ
Ȼһ˲ϢһƬѪâֱӱնӰϢǰһŽڵرϵֱ۲飬ͬļâźŷҲһĥ
öһ٣Իȥ
컰䵭ָһâ
۵һǿӦδǱᴩüģʶһ飬ֱͦͦĵȥ


841 һȭɱ
ղƵĴҳ쵹£üѪеֻٰ֮һǣ˲ʿɫ̲סһ
һָɱ˸ǿߣ
ôܣ
ǴһǿŰ벽ôս
Щʿļ¡
һָնɱһϱǿߣǺεսЩʿһʱĶڷ
ɨЩʿһۣû⡣
ɹ٣ڶ죬ɱͨĴǿĲһ˿һڵʿսǰϻҪС
ߡ
Ű˵
һڿգٶȲ첻Զȥ
ղɳļҳֹһúһ˽ѰнˣȫնɱźŷûлųȻУҲɨһ˵ʶѰղƬ֮
һɽۡ
˵
ɱȥ

ûʲô˵ģ£ǰ·һ˳ԶȥΪΪľǺܿ챻˦һΰĴɽǰ
ɽΪʣܱŨɽ֮ʣԳ֮ΪһɽԶԶķȥɽ֮һòʽԺܲ
СƤǻͦܣƬ򣬾Ȼôһ
Ц
ĳûг꣬ȻղƬ׷ļҳΪ޹á
ûʲôĻһ߱ƽһ̧նһɫâ
ﬣ
˲Ϣһɽ۲ĵͥķѡ
һʱ䣬
˭
ʿ˳ŭѪԺǿᣬҲͨɳڼΪ
һû˵ʲôϣɽ֮
ʱ䣬ΪȫɫͬʱĿ¶⡣ʱ䣬ղ˽һļҳȻҲ֪һ˵ò
֪ͨλսˣ
˵ͺȡ
ȺʿȫˡǶһˣɱ⺮âϴźڵЦȴҲ֪ԼЩ˲˵Ķ֣Ψ֪ͨղƺͰսɣϾ˿ƿ
鵭ĮУּ̧ʮɫâն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽһȺʿź˲Զȫնķѡ
ǰĵûаһĽɫٴλڵǰֱӽһΪɽɵ¡
ʱʿ˳Ϊסͬһʱ䣬ӰΪ׵һŮӣǣƾ޾ȻǸղơ
ǣһ˲ѣղƷһˣ˫Ŀ䣬ɱ䣺ӺܺãҴûΪʲô֪ΪҲʲôܣʿ֪¡
СƤʰˡ

︽ͣǣŮˣʰˣղƵԹɲС
ղƵø䣬â֯ͰһУɱĲ죬ͰΪͰԡСƤ͡ŮˡĵһŮԣܡ
󵨣幫
֪

ղƵһȺҳȵŭͰ
쿴ûЩһֱ̧ۣն⡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪըڵЩʿȫն飬벽ǿ߶ӹ
ʱһŵղҼҳ¶֮ɫ˶̲סȥ
ղƵɫˣ˽ȴ룬Ⱥ˸ô󵨣ֱҵʱſնɱļҳ
磬նǣ

߳ΪеȣŵâֱΪĵսѦ͵ڰսǴڴ죬ʵǿľˡ
ɫĮУڰսֱǰһ£ͬʱȡǵſһ𣬷Уͬ档
ΪĵڰսʵǿԶԶبǿһսС
첻Բƽֱ̧֣һȭӳ
ˣ
ƬնҡɫȭͷѹƺҪ㶼䴩
ʱ䣬ֱӱɫΪһȭ㡭
ۣ
ѪˮŽɫȭͷѹ䣬Ĵֱ飬ͬʱɫȭͷƲϣֱӽķ飬ͷӶûб
漴컯ȭΪצһѽѪץС
˭棿
鵭Į
¶֮ɫ㣬㡭һ̣걻ץУؾУһɿֲѹܣû˿
û˵ʲô΢ֱӽ飬ǹ⡣
ʱ䣬طʿԱɫ
ˣȻȻ
һȭͣ⡭
ôܣ
ղƵһڼҳȻǿ֪жǿΪĵڰսڴ죬ͬ޵Уڣȴ˲㱻ɱˣ޷
˵һǿŰ벽𣿲ſɱب˺ͱ˰˵ʶ⡭죬岻סķûʹκα͡һȭһȭͽ
ⲻܰ
ξ𣿣
Щʿˣɫѩס
Щˣǰ˺ɵ𺳣һĻ֪ɹ٣ﵽ˴ڶ죬ʵǿȴҲû뵽ǿȵزȻǰ򵥾ͽһǿ߸ˡ
һϾǳˣܿǴӾлָ
̲סЦˬ죡˵ţղƣղСƤȲ
СƤȲ
ѧŵ
ղƵɫν˲úѿеɱҲøŨˡ
䣡
ǰһǿ𣬵սѦ綯ˣȫֱʩչͨƵɱѹ졣ͬһʱ䣬ڳһյͭƣͭһһʱɢ˵ȻһƷֱѹգ졣

˺ԾſɱھսبɱڰսͬΪŴս֮һȻŭɱָǺ顣
һʱ䣬Ƭռ¡¡⺧Ȼ
ղƵļҳУ¶âѦ˴ڴ۷壬˸ǿӳ֣ҲһҲ
ﬣ
˵ĽХ쳹ϵ£һڳɫâС
۵һѦͨն飬ͭƱ𿪣ֱӱһΪѪˮա


842 նղ
ѪˮڿУĿһ˲ٴղƵһڼҳɫԺȻ
ôܣ
ʧСѦ׿Ҫǿ٣Ҳͬ׿ǰ⣬ֱӳͨȴ򵥾ͱһնΪΣʵ̫ˡ
һ죬Ҳ
ɡǣӳ֣ҲӦô°ǿǰ˵ĵս
⡭
⵽ô£
Щʿ塣
һĹĵս͵ڰսǲһȺҳȥ͵һ̲˺Ȼս͵ڰսֱͭӽһĨɱڣһˣֱӱƵ棬ȴˣڰս׿һȭɱʹͨѦ磬һС
ã
ںе
ԱߣҲŸ͡
ʱղƺҳһȻ泩ϾǰʱǱһǴż󶼱һ˿ǱŻء
䣡
ǿӿѦ羪ŭ𣬱նΪεٺˣԶ顣
ûᡣ

ϣͨѪ죬һһ貽âն
۵һһΣѦ統ը׻ΪһѪ

ѦǴŭͭƻסżѪٴˡ
ĮͷѪɫɫâٴεɨϰ˻ġ
וּһɫâˮֱѦȥѦĻᡣ
ˣ
ʱղüĹâţһӰȻǰʶ
磡
ղƽ
ͬһʱ䣬һڼҳҲ¶ϲɫ
ˣ
˵ʶ߳һԿնˣ
û
Щ˷ܲѡ
ɫĮһֱӻӳƬ⣬죬˻ѦһƬɫâͬʱһ֣ͭƳϣâš
Цʱˣֱӿ粽ɱˣһʶңוּһͷ񽣹âֱնʮŵâоʮŵһĽǶնѦ硣
ͭƺľʮâͬʱسѦľŵ⡣
ߣָһһĨƺƵľʱİݣٺʮԶûնѦǾŵɫ⡣

ѦҽУŽѹ£ͬʱնķ顣
һʱ䣬طһƬղƺҳȫסˣɫ
ôܣȻֻһʶȴҲѹͬټһͭƣȻûܹ˵Ĺ
һʿĲ
죬ɫ䵭ͭͷ˿˿â
ڶأ
ĵ
ʱһ
ڶأ⡭ô᣿ղƱɫǽǰʱŰ벽ѣô̵ʱôᵽ˴ڶأ
ӽµʱӰ벽ڶأֱ˵ˣ
ɫ䣬ͷͭһɱֱѹ졣
켺޶ϵȴǾֱһն˲ϢУѹ
鲻䣬ٴͭƻɱ⣬漴ղԱߣԷͬϴǰ㣬ֱѡ뿪ʱоǿ̫࣬һʶһͭƣɲĶ֡
ﬣ
ĿĽɫâն£ضϰ·
ɫĿĮüһö⻪˸ռʱ
󷽣ʱݣСӣϽǽпռƵף
ˣԪ˲ס磡ղ䣬ŭֲʣ´ΰأһҪ
ޱ飬ûκζΨлԵһƬĮ߲ˡ
µ˲䣬ݣԪ˸ߵĿռҲƽ
ôˣ
ղƸо쳣
ֻ̧ͷ졣
ܣϣһƸ֣˷Ŀռȫˣ޷Խ
ǣ
ƣôƣ
⡭˱ɫ죺ѵµģ󣿣
ʱղƵһڼҳľ
ʵϣǲûв´ЩȻӡ¡
ǰǳڣʶղѣ֪Ԫܻпռ䴫͵ʱп½ƣܵȫˣ޷пռ䴩ԽȻǻԪҲСϾԪֻǻƵĶΪﵽ˴ڶ죬ˣµĴǼޱȣԽضϰ߶ĻԪĿռ䴫͡
ﬣ
Хա
жŭնգͬʱŰղѹ¡
߶ͭƣⱩǣӭǰ
䣡
һ飬Ľâնռ䣬һ쫷硣
٣һֱӿ粽˽ǰɫȭͷУİղһһҺɣɳԶǿסӡ
ղѪаԴƬػ˿µĴˣԶһƺߣŭ죬ɱ⾪ˡôһֱǱĴţڵϵǳ㣬ܹصˡ
Ǹоղеɱ⣬һֱԷȥ
ϣռ䶼һ£ɱ䣬â֯ѹղơ
ղһӭȽâʱһɾ⣬ең
Զ⺧ˣϢԱøǿˣǿ߶η壺Ҷһοڣʮ˵󽣵
һʮ˵£ֱһɶ硣
˳Щ£˺Ƕݡ
治ǻ壬ֻһʶѣȻƣأ˲ãһĳǿߣԵסֻбնĽ֡

䣡
ʮ˻󽣺գ񷶼ζĳͷ­ն¡
߶Ļ罣â˲ɱǿߡ
ԴˣͷҲأϽɫâӿǱֱѹղơ
壬㲻С
Į
וּһڳڶ񽣣һֱӽʮ˻顣
ҲʱնĽɫâˣղ֡
ղɫһʼǵ͸߰Ҳûˣ¶֮ɫ
Ҫɱң
ġ
䵭ôܻ飬ܼĽѹ¡
۵һղҽжûзֱӱѹķ顣

طղƵļҳִСղƿǼ飬ǵĵһŮȻ㱻նˡ
ͬһʱ䣬˫۱ͬʥ£üĻâʢ˵ɱɨҶɢֱӱһƬռ䡣


843 ں
˫۱ޱȿ£ڻ䷭ӿɱƵ
һͷͭƱøǿɱƵգһ޴Ļ۳Σ·һͷ޾֮УҪضɽȥ
˵°ʶɢƣ
ٴľ
ԱߣҲǶݣٴᵽ˰Ŀ¡

һ죬ƬƬıѣܼѺۿٳ˷ӿȥɽҡΣնĲƵղƵĹһ̺Ȼ䳹̮
ԣгΣƵֱѹ죬ɱѹһС
ƫͷɫǳƽûа
ʡʡɰƾһʶҲڵһս
Įһ𣬴ĿĽâʱУһնУ漴һʶɣʹʶ̼鲼Ѻۡ
ˣ
⡭
Ȼֻһʶǣǻ尲˰һ⣬⣬ôᡭ
ղƵһڼҳ֡
ﬣ
ϣٶʮâնֱն
ȽâƼ򵥣ʵǳ£̵ĽΪˡ
⣬ȴһαɣСֱˣԽԵÿ£ɫȴǱ侲죺ɱ㣡
ҵն
ƽӦ
̧֣񽣳Уն¡
һӿ£ɵ͵һ㽫ʶɹ⡣
˵˵ֻǾʶȴͬˣСڹҲǿµ˼㣬֣Ȼһն˶Էʶ


գ۵
ԶղƵһڼҳǾֵɪɪɫס
ŰʶĵطһͭƺһöƯţ̧֣һѽץ˹
ͣ
һ죬Ԫ飬ǹ⣬Ψǿͭƻ
ڱնǰٵ˻Ԫûüٵͭƣ
ﰵϧϾԪһڷǳмֵı
Ȼٶˣǲ⣬ôҲǵһ̧֣Ĩͭϵʶӡ֮漴ƫͷղƻŵһڼҳ
ʱ䣬ղƵһڼҳ֣̿ӭ񣬲ĸˡ
󡭡ˣ
˲ġ
һնɱս͵ڰսնӳֵİһʶµ㣬ЩˣܵˣֻģϣԱסһ
Щˣƽ𶯣ɫâնǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫը˲ϢѣղƵһڼҳȫ
Щˣʱһ۴ɱ⣬Ϸʲѣһͬʬһ㿴ǣʱģôܻ顣
ʱ䣬طװ
ǳ
͵
Ȼλ٣ɲǰ׶ɵġ
Ц
ȷɹλ׷ͷܳο㡣
ΪȻ
쵱ģı᲻죿
ˣ߰ɡ
ô
һûطֱն𣬳Զȥ
Сӣ״̬ãȫΪԴ龧ҲҪ
С
ܿ죬һʧطһǷĴɽ䡣
ŵӣʼߴɽѰԴȡ˴Σֻһ˿ɰ쵽ǵþһ˶ﵽ

һۣռȥ
һ죬в𶯣ĵڶսս죬ɱ⺧ˣʿԲǵȿֲɱҪ񷶼顣
⣬ˣô
ǡѰˣ
ѰˣҪɱ˰ɣ
ļ¡
漴ܿ죬һЩ¸ֳˮ档
ղƵƬɽˣĵս͵ڰսսǸղơҲɱˡ
һʿС
һʱ䣬в˲Ϣ
ĵս͵ڰսˣǸղơҲ
찡˭ô󵨣˭ʵɱĵս͵ڰվ˾˵ڵŰҪǣղƲаһʶ⡭ǸʶҲնˣ
񡭡֮ǰųǳֹһղ֮ǰɳҳһ֣˼һˣղǲЩҳȫնˣң˵֮һȥղȥˡ
⡭
ѡţ
вһʿľղƣĵһŮһ飬ͻ尲һ𳤴ʤãȴȻնɱڵͬĵվ͵ڰսһնɱͬһʶһǳˣʿǲɵõ
Ҫ˰
ʿ૵

һһɽ䣬ʶɢɨܣѰұǰۼȣͬһʱ䣬ŵӣѰԴ龧󶯶
תۼ䣬չȥ
ռ䣬һûʲôջΨѰ˰ͨ龧龧
СӣŬ

бһۣô
ɽ䣬ŵ׵ƸǿʢЩΪȥʮɡ
ˣǼչȥһ߹ɽûʲôջ
һ죬ǰһƬɽȺ̫Ũƽɽȴǳ࣬ҶǸơ

ǰɽȺʱ䶯ݣлһĨ⡣
ڶ죬ɹ٣ʵȻҲˮǴߣǿ˲٣˿̿ƬɽȺһַǷĸо
¶ı飬ʱǰһСӣֺöˣ
ǡ
ͷǰɽȺ
ɽȺвܳ洦ǣطȴԸоһۿ»ĵ󣬷ƺִ̡
Ļ˫۸ˣϽģȥ
ɽƣǾȨȻƬɽȺ˷ǷĸӦôƬɽȺͼпо˵ر
Ҳ˫۷ߴɽ
ͷһ˿ɽΪףúɽڵһȵǰ
ȥֲƽƽûʲôرĵط
ǰ·ŵƽ֯úУת۱ǿɾ롣
ʱǰеƮһ޴ĺһҰУˮȫֺɫƽޱȣǿȴҲǲ
⡭ЩŹְ
ۡ


844 Ƿ
ڵĺƽȷʵЩŹ֣Ҫ֪ˮܵǿ紵ʱôҲӦûЩ۲ŶԣĺںȴȫûС
ŵӣ£Ƭ̺ħۣˮڳİħԶһˮԴҪأһǿ޷չȥ
ǰһԱߣԲնУźںȥ
һƬɽȻôһֲ֣ʲôż
ֹ
ʲôֵģи޿ӣ¼ֱ꣬ӾŪһ
Ʋ졣
죺񡭡ͦе
ʱ淭ͨڵ޳б鲼Ǵ̵
ͨɳڡ

ħۣ̫ˣһЩǿħ޺

̧ӣâ£ͷ޾͵ظɱ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ںڣ޳˳ħâڹ⡣
ٴλ֣âɢȫն
ܿ죬һںķΧе˶棬²˺ʵϡʱƮɫǳŰã֮״
ң󣬿ʼǿĲҲŨ˲١
⡭ˣĴҲҪǿʢ࣬һˡ

Ҫﵽۻʾ֣ȻΪˣǶԴĸӦȴǷǳ˵ģ˶Ҫǿ١
ȷʵŨ

оôĴǿЩǿԸоģϾѾǵ˰벽۷壬ѾǿʼӴˡ
ŵӣɿ쳯ǰ죬ְ֮ʱϡЩ
ߡ
˵ǰȥ
ǰߵĹУÿ¶ƽ֯Խǰߣŵ׵ƱԽ貣˺ܿŵڷ⡣
ܿ죬һӹȥһ߳˼ԶܵİɫøŨʹҲŨ
Ҳʱͣ
ôСӣ
ʵ
춢ǰжסҵƣǡȻĿռݡ
ôһ˵˺ʱ䶼ǶݣâͨĵطСȻĿռݡȶ˵ռݺ治һ㡣
һȻ򣡡
ϲ
ȻΪشȻɵĶСռ䣬ͨȻر֮ǸԵ
ƽռ䲻һԣµ˺ѷֵˣ˴ΣټרƿشƵϹãھҳһȻ
ǰһѵõķǳͬĲ²⣬ߴϽƿտռݡ
ͷ˫ּɿӡŵӶͬʱ˫ּҲӡγɣһƴ󽣣Ĵֱ֮ǰοռն¡
͵һ죬ǰĿռˮư㵴漴ĳѺۡ
һʱ䣬ǰտʼͣͬҪ˰㡣
΢΢ɫŵ˸֮һٺԶ
䣡
˿ɲǣǰĿռˣһɺ⽻֯һͬɽʱҽֱӹᴩ񷣬Ҳ֪˶ߣҲǧɵľ룬ᴩһ޴մпռ
һĻۣӣȻǰҲһ
ǿҲᵱ𰡣µĵܿ죬˫۱ޱǰǵâ¶һռѷ죬ͬһռŻͨһɽԻ׳һȻ򣡶ңӸղųǵâһ˲õ򣬱ڵʱȥǴ˺ܶ࣡
ڵʱѷӢżȻһڣϾһ룬һѾʶ涼˲׵ջ񡣶ʱⷽҪȵǴˣ⼫Ũ
һо˵Ķ
ﾪϲ
մѷɽص죬ʱʱеâ֯Ƿ㡣
ʱڣ˵ղƬʱâ𣬺ǿʢӦѾвʿ
ôһ˵һǶݡ
æ˵ϽĸϽģٶȽ룬ĺöڳ
ͷһֱ룬뵽ڡʼһУһ˶ʱо˼Ϊ˵컹ãϾ˴ΣȻŨѾûжٴãɰ˺ȴ΢΢£ֻͨë׶չһЩһֻ̹ĸо
Ѱ٣
ɢʶ̽ѰƬ
һƬâˣԻ䣬ǵþ콫֮ڳ
⣬ڽԭ볢ŽƿѷʱʿŽУΪǻһšǣȴʧˣƿףҪȴˡ
֮ǰһɨܣһʩչ̽Ѱ
ȻҲȫʩΪǿʶѰܡ

вʱʿĿⶼͬһ
ղǵ⡭
âһ⡭ر
ǣһͬ죡
ʿԶ
תۣһӰڿն𣬿ٳƿǷȥУвٴǿߣٶ֮硣
ƬȻңܾˣ
ǿտտâ

ڣһѾ߹طǿʶͬʱҲƽ֯ŵףƬռӡ
ҵûҵû
ô졣
Сӣȫȫٶȵ㣡
ƬռǳɽͲ٣ôΰȴһ̡һѾ̽Ѱ˲ٵطȴǲѰʲôر䱦ͨ龧ͱҩȶһЩһʿԣҲһʾ޴󱦲ˡ
𣡡
һɽվ𣬸߰ɣͨ鲼Ѫâˡ
ͷ޶һеĵǳԣֱӳһ˷͹
벽
ֹ
һ㶼ǿڣо޴޳֣һȻ⣬ڶԷ̽צҲǰ㲻⡣ֱ̧֣ӽԷɨɡ
һȥúǰһƬ֣ľǺ׳
н֯ƹ⣬סڵĳڣпԴЩ龧
˵ţֱϣһ޴ľǰ
䣡
ˣһͷľԳֱ졣
˺һ𣡡
ͬһɫĺӿצһѹգ֮ǿԶİһɱͨĴǿǿˣ
ϣֻľ֮¡
˿
ӭᵯָԷצײһ
һһҺֱӹԶһСɽײˡ
ۣͷҲܱȵϴǿߣȻⵯָ͸ˣǹ̬
ǰ콫ľƿ棬һ޴龧ץ
ôһ龧⡭һٽˣ
ﾪȡ
һٽ龧൱һͨ龧ˣֵνǺܾˡ
䣡
ʱԶִ𶯣һɹǿܲӿ֡
ۣʱĥ̵ģʿˡ


845 Դ
ƿ̵âһ˲ϲ񷣬вǿߵע⣬ʿ˹ʱ˽Ƭռ䡣
ǣǼǰУҸоЩǷϢƬ
˵
ʱн֯ƹ⣬Լ俴һŵâڳ
ǷϢһæĿӳƬռЩʿջأһƬռ²ʲô𣿡
أͨ䣬бҺҩǾ޴󾧿ʥ˿ƿӦзǷϢ˫۶ʱ㣬ĿϺƶ
㣬ʲôҲǣ϶򵥣
϶涼¶һ˿â
ǻʲôϽģɱŹȥ
ߴ١
ͷڳ龧ǰ·ɿ쳯Ƭȥ
·һƬ֣ľʣĺ׳ʱһ˵ľٶ£Ӱɿˡ
ûãһ˱ǿƬ֣һƬɽȺ䣬ǰ
𣡡
ͻȻǰо޴޳֣׿ŭӿԿȴǿߡͷ޸оɣԳͷʨβ˫ĿһƬѪ졣
סһˣеŨһԭʼײУֱѹ˹
Сӣɷ
е
ǰȻҪ˵ʲôֱ̧֣һƳǰ˹ȥ
һͷ޾ܼǿɹҴڴڶУȴԵúǱĺɣʺѪϡ
߿ߣ䣡
е
ͷһ̱Ƕݣֱͣǰ
¡¡
ɽȺǰ̳һͷͷ޳֣ԼÿͷгɣͬĿ˳ӿ·̤һа㡣
Ƕһˣͫ䣬ŭ䣬ֱӳһ
ˣ
ڡ
ǰֵ̫ˣҲǧͷɢϢ׿ɲвܿȴĴڣˡһȺ޺һһɻĺ漶ǿҲúݺüǿгȥڶصΪϼҲѣпܻᱻ
̵ģƬδ̫˵ɣңܹȴǿߵ٣
ۿоϢȥȴôһȺȺסǰ·ƵĲòˣίʵܲˬ졣
ī

һ˺ˣתۼǱƵ˵ɽȺԵ
ʱƿ𣬽Ƭڵʿвһ·嵽ܲ಻ףȻûмߡ
ǣ
ܼȺʿһ
𣡡
Ⱥһֳʿ˹ȥӿϡ
һʱ䣬պ¡¡𶯣ƬƬı顣
ȻЩˣĳ嵽Ĵ󲿷ʿľٺˡ

ҽٶȲ죬һͱʮͷޱƽ顣

ʿŭųͨԿ͵ޣȴЩͨת۱˺飬۵һײķѡ
޵̫ˣ죬Ѱ֣ңȫΣյϢͫ壬ʿĲٳźӶݡ
𣡡
޴𶯳գ˾㤣תۼвѡ
ϽޣսǶԣͬ׵ʿҪǿ࣡

ͷ漴ڣʿɢȺС׼һʱʣͻΧȥ
ֻһǧޣضֻһˣʱʿ֣޷룬ʿɱȥ֮󣬵ʿٶЩʹȺӷɢǸʱһ˾Ͳηˣɱ
˽Եͷɫܽ
𣡡
Ⱥš
ģԽԽʿ֣Ӳͬķ֣ǵȺ
Щ޾Ƭгɳ񣬴ʱȻǽƬռʿߣһͫ壬Ƶ˵Ҫһж
ǣ
ôôޣ
дڣ
⡭
ˣ
ʿ㤡
¡
ɫأȺʿֲˡ
˵⼸
ۣ
ѪҺʿڵأһȺ޺ֱӽ̤֮һ̯Ѫࡣ
Щ޵̫ˣҶ׿Σգļ¡

ҽʿѡ
ʱ򣬳嵽ʿǰɫܶӡ
ߣ
һλãһ߳һƾâһɨֱͷ޺ɣǷҽУԶըѪȾһƬر
棡Ȼˣ
ʿľ
ͬһʱ䣬λ޲ҽһɫ䵭ǰС
Ϸλãһ֯ŵĹ⣬һĸоͷըпȴĴڡ
ͨԨģ⡭Ҳˣ
ʿپŶλõĶԨϷλõģĲ
⡭
˶ݡ
棬ԨģвߴȻ
Զһܿ˴󲿷ʿĿ΢΢һ
򵥣ǿ󣡡

ȷʵ
ͷ
ԶԶȥ˵Ѫͬһ嫣򲨶ŨˣһĴǿ߶޷ȵϣ˼Զ
𣡡
𳤿ա
Ƭռ¡¡Ĵ𶯣һƬƬɳϯʮ
ʱĿӳջأпٻһĨâʱȺɢ˺֮ܶ࣬ǰǰۼһˣǲʲôɵ
ߣ
˺
£ǰ·˺Ǹ󣬷ɿ쳯ƶ
ɱǡ
ֻܣҪ
촫
˺ԵͷֻԼȺĹɱƶ
һȻɱǵ٣ǲ£Ͳ޿񱩣ѹǼСܿǳȺ
ǰ·ٶȼ죬ƬɽȺȥʱڽ
ǰƣϼ⽻֯оԾɻᣬ׳ʣѤʤ֮£ŵâɹŨ
ŵâԼһ֣֮纣
һʱ䣬һ˫۴
ǡȣԴ
˵ЩˣǾŵâˮû


846 ȭ
ŵâ֮䣬ֻȭͷСһֵĹܣһư˷طĴΪ֮ɹ⾪ˡ
Ϊ֯Դ⡭˷˷ˣ
˷ܵ໽С
켸Ҳ˫۷Щ
ԴȶǴĹʵϴʿĵٿüĵԭеĻǿʢü׽ǧڵ·߳ԶͨɾغͰ벽ǿ߶ԣȶһţֱӾͿԿ뵽ΣҸҪ֮󹮹Ϊ磬Ϊȶǵγɣʵȶ

ﾪϲ۾ǹ⡣
ǻವһͳ˹ȥǰһ͸ıݣâ֯һǽ֮˳ȥѪһ𷭹û³Ѫ
дγɵȻ絲ǰ

γɵȻǳͣûκ׼ǿгײٷְٵõù
ӲԶڷɹ죬֣ڿ͸ȻľԴǸֳ˷֮ɫ


ǰ˫ּƹ⽻֯ӿεȻϡ
ת̫ľƹŨǿ͵һƿȻ硣
һ˲䣬âŨɻˣ;ȸͬʱӿĵ֮Ϣͺ˷ӿһһַ·˵ĸо
ǰȥ
СӣעЩԴɲ龧ȶͬһ㣬ҪСԴһ㽫ԴܱߵĵضϣȻȡ

⽻ܹ֯ԴԱһЩԴĸסˣϰңңķǳܼ
˵Щ࣬ΪҲҪķӵʱ䡣
ͷ˫ּâһ֯ȥ
ʱǿӿ֣ǿ߳嵽Ϊһˣͨ廷ƵâȻһǿߣΪڴ߶ȡ
ǡԴ
˲Ͷסټľŵâʱϲһ˹
Դȶޱȣĳǿ߼˶ۺ졣
¡һ˳һŤƺˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Զջӿڳطƽ
ģ
ƿڴʱȻ˳嵽طһʿڸ
ҲüԴ龧䱦ȡĹҪԵ֯ҪķѲٵʱ䣬ʱǿʿɼ鷳ЩʿڼԴ󣬱ض᲻һеᡣ
ȡԴɱУ
쿪ڣټ䡣
ʱǴǿѾƽһԾЩӡ󣬲ܿ죬ǳױԴ˹ȥһƬҺ˷ܣͬʱֶɭĵСӣģϹط
ûʲôĻֱ̧֣ɫȭգǰһȭ¡
˵һյ̮ˣֲŵ˲㡭
ۣ
Ѫըǿ߱飬궼ûܹӳֱ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһʮʿ嵽ȻȾѪȴڲǵǿϢǴǿߣɢѪ¯㾪ˡ
Щǿ߳嵽һ˲Ǹо˾˵ĵ̣Ŀ˲ǰټľŵâϣǵһ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Դ
˽г
ģ
һ˵ͺͬһǻ磬˲˹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮʿݣҲɿĳžŵԴȥ
ģôôʿ
䡣
ﬣ
̶𶯳գڳһ񽣣ɫâһնããգʮǿһȫƷ˳ȥ˳ȥʮԶ
˭ǰһ
ᡣ
ϣɱˡ
һʱ䣬ʮǿ߽Ǳɫһɱ⡣

ˣһѪɫ񽣡ƺƺǡ
ǰʱɱǸղƵˣ
ʱʮʿͻȻϳˡ
ǰһղڵɽ춯֣ն˰ս͵ڰսնղƣ˰һʶѾǴв
ʱ䣬Ⱥʿɫһ䣬죬жǼɵŲֹסˡƿɱղƣɱս͵ڰս˰һʶЩ˿뵽սжֲʱﻹǰ塣
ɨЩһۣǶԴǰеӿʼȡԴطȴ⣬ĵŨϾǵڶ޴ﵽ벽ΣʱУȡԴǺʡ
һʱ䣬ǰʮǿߣǷֱһǣ֮ƽɫԺܽ䱸
ʮʿһĻʼȡԴɫǱúܲÿԼͷҪȥ˰㡣ֻǣˣЩȴûһ˸ǰЦڶصһǰնսʶЩҳȥ
䣡
ʱǿѪ纣һ㷭Ƶա
һˣֱӽʮʿ𿪣Ũˡ
˭
𿪵ĴǿУŭĿȥһ̱һ̲סһ
棡
ļ¡
ɫâ֮֯һŤϢˡ
Դҵģ
ٴľŵâԵֱӿ粽ϣŵâ
һĻʮǿһвߵҪֶԴ
ﬣ
â̶𶯲񷡣
켺δϵһնһɫ⣬ֱؿڡ
֣Ƭ£ɫâ顣죬ͬɱۻʰԵĸ죺˵ĵԴҵģ
𣡡䵭ŲһΣ˲Ϣڳǰȭң˵Ҫ
ˣ
ɫȭգ죬·һڻʥѹ˰㣬š
⣬ǡ
áÿµǣ
ѣôô£
嵽ʮǿ߽ԱɫΪȿֲ뺧Ȼ
涯ݣ˵һһڱڳǰ̼֮ţȭ

ȭͷڱϣʱһֱĴƬռ䣬ǵȾҵĺǴ̵ʿĤʹ̲סס˶䡣
һꪱһȭɣǱ֮Զ
һĻʿĲ
ֻһȭѡ˳棿
Щʿ𾪡


847 Ц
ƬĴʿǶ֪ܿ£򲻿ɱ˰ս͵ڰսն˰һʶ춼мɵη壬ǣȴû뵽ܹǿ˵زȻֻһȭвߴ֮һĳꪣҽԶ
⡭
һʱ䣬ЩʿЩˣ
˳ȥɫвߴ֮һȻͬһһȭԶһֳ衣
䣡
Զɢ֮ͬһͷᴩƬѷ졣
ꪣ֮ɨâˡ
ɱ㣬ȡԴ
ĵ
Ϊ֮һֻһ۾ܿһУΨﵽ˴һ벽ֻҪɱ죬Դ׾Ϳɶ
һһɱ磬ѹ¡
Щ£طʮǿ߽һֻоţǵɱǿǣ̼ͻᱻѹ𣬸ֵˡ
Ȼ֪ǿȴ⣬ڶأɹ٣ΪҪ˶ԷĸС̨ףսȴֺ
Įһץסϵ񽣣콣âһɨɫն

̮ռ⽦ڿУһʿһ
⡭˿Ҳߴ֮һĳһ˿
ľ
˲Ϣѣɱ񽣽ײһʮռ¡¡
ĮһһӰֻӶ콣âֻӶɫȭѹ·Ƹۻ룬ͬһأˡ
ߣˣһͺӭ콣âͬʱ⣬ǿһȭ
ȷʵЩʵնһʶȫǿ֮
˵⻰µĶȴûͣºͼɢɱӿЩһ佫ܵĿռȫϰ˻ն졣
ȴô
Ӧ
וּһѪɫ񽣣һնУٴȭųѹ¡
ɫ䣬ˣΪǣ
䣡
һ𣬾ʮÿһ·ԷٻٵؼУһѹ졣
ǰ㻹Զ
ߡ
ֻӽӡܿ죬һö֮֯طԻҫ㡣ǾŴ֮һҩҩмصĹӡ
ӡº󣬼ɵؼһл棬ܻΪá
ˣ
ӡ⣬һ̷·һھ޴Уתۼ佫ľʮȫ˽ȥʧӰ١
㣡
һ֣ӡһʱʮ³֣ȥ
һĻʿһ붯ݡ
ǡ˵еĻӡ
Ŵ֮һҩ֮һȻѾʧĵ
⡭
ʿļ¡
ӡǾҩмصǼϹ޷ȣȴҲ൱ˣϾңȱѾʧһЩ嶼ᣬЩȴϼȻЩ𾪡
Ҳ΢΢£һȴһһѹ£ʮȫ顣û˵ʲôֱꪴӹɱϣɱ⽻֯ʮ죬һڴͨݻʮ˵ꪹ⣬ÿһǾĻ꣬·ĥС
޾壬粽ϣѪᴩأһն콣âɨϰ˻ġ
䣡
ײһһʱ䣬â⣬ȭӰɱ֯ܡ
ʮʿľģеƶĿ⣬˾ŵâ֮ϡ
ʱЩǿҲˣһΨﵽ˴Σ˶ֻǲŰ벽ƺûʲôвʱͳսһ໥ǣס˶ԷһȡԴľѻᡣ
ԴԴֻҪȡһ飬Ĵ˲ǿʢպڵ֮һ;߳Զջʵ̫ˣݲЩ˲ġ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ײһԶͳ涷һɾܡ
ʱʮǿҧͳ棬ͺһ˵ٶȣƵ˵ֱټľŵԴ˹ȥ
һǿߣϢ⾪ˣѾߵ˾ͷң˶⼸ǿҲŶˣŵԴ
ʱ򣬾Դ⻹еţǿץȡʹԴЧ࣬Щ˴ʱȻܲˣʱֻҪᵽһŵԴͺܲˣȻЧվǻзǷЧġ

ͳսһ𣬴˿ƫͷڳڶ񽣣Կرתն»ԵһǰǸǿն
Ҵ򿪵ѰĵԴ˭ǰһ˭ҳᣬɱ
䡣
£𶯣֮ţʮâնžŵԴȥļǿȫն飬ͬҲһ顣
һĻʱǰǿ߽һֿ־𾪡־ǣһսͬʱƿն˼ǿߣ𾪵ǣƬȻ򿪵ģǻΪԻ
򿪵ΣѰĵԴΣգֻԴ˭С
һЦ
Զһ֯ŰĹâһĸо
ģ
ʿһ
ϴЦͬǵ߳Ӱ㡣
ȭɫȭâ˳棬ͬһʱ䣬񽣣Х˲仮Ƴգ콣еɱʽһֱӳնȥ
ݵһ̫ˣ쵽˶ûӦ˲նǰ۵һؿڹᴩѪˮա
Ц񣡡

طһʿ𺳣һ
һᴩǸģ
жǿֻдڶصΪѰ
⡭
ʿȻ
棬ģǴڴ죬ͬ޵Ув򣬿Уǳ汻һȭˣһ̣ĸǸճֱ㱻һᴩʵŵطһڴǿߣð
ս̫ˣ
䣡
˵ĹƵ
ؿڱᴩתۼָϵЦ̣ЩѪ
С
ɭڳһڶУȻһֱӳɱȥ
ɫ䵭񽣵ɫâϯա
䣡
ɿֲײһ𣬵һ˵쫷硣
ײȻܿ£ǿ߶ļ£̲סˡ
𶯣ǳѹ£˵ɱ𶯳ա


848 
ģ棬˽ΪвѪۻ룬սɲʱһ˳Уһ˳ꪣͬʱ췢ɱ֮ŭӿ
䵭ѪɫͬʱϣһһңԼⱩǡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
𶯳գͬʱնĺͳ档
콣߶Ľ⣬ɱ
һʱ䣬֮ײ𲨺һһɢȥ
һˣҲ빲սˣЦ
䣬з⣬Ĺ⽻֯նͷ­
ӶꪣԵꪷ񣬹ĺ
ȡԴҪн⿪ŵԴĵǲżȥᣬҪĵԴ˿ֻ̣Ҫɱ죬Ժ󣬵Դֿ̧ɵá
ˣ䵭ٴγնȥʲô
طһڴǿ߽΢΢һҪ֪ʵǳ£вΪвߴ֮һһսȴֻһ䡰ʲôίʵʿоľ
Ľɫһ졭ǣ
֪ʲôˣ

һףһ֮ϣƺǴӵǣϡ
һǿͨһʴڻ

ƽףͬʱ𶯣ռ·Ҫڻ
Ȳǳˣܵһǿ߿ˣһЩˡ
ɱͨ˵Դ˽ĳǿеһƷڵˣ
ʲô£
⡭
ʿļ¡
ʱȻǰҲ¶ɫΪͨЩǵ졣
ǸоͨĿ£˵ᵽ˳汾˵ǿֺоһ˿вˣɫȴ˿Ҳûб仯ͷڷ裬һʱ佫̫ľתޣâ
䣡
һ̣ͬһͨ쳹صĽɫħһӭųĴֱͨһֻɫȭӳЯ˺صѹ£𶯲񷡣
ˣ
ҡӳȭһУ̺ǿս⣬졣
͵һֱӱ飬â俪ܡ

дǿ߱һСâȾϣҽУɲǱճ˻ң
ʿǾ㤣ٴκˡ
ֻһСâȻ͡ɱһǿߡ
ǿ
вսɡ£
ʿĲ
ܿ죬Щʿɫֱ䣬졣
ֻһȭôµͨ⡭
ʿɵö¡
ͳ죬ӱøٴɱϡ
ɷ򣡡
һ
ʱɱһƬʴռ䣬֡
һڿµͨңĳֺ˼ɣɷɱƵطսԵļʿҲˣ˲仯һ̯ŨѪ
챻̫ľתǻӶȭֱС
ֻһȭͨ⡭
ǵǿ˺εȳ̶ȣѵԺͰ𣿣
ֻһֻȭͷѣǿԺа
Щʿľ
ɷ⣬Ŀرƿ£ңնˡ
Ҳҵ

һֱӽӡͨصͼԻֻΪһӭԳ棬һѹģһֱֵͨƶϡ
ĽǶݣ˱Ͼͬǲô򵥾ͱͼѹԴ߶ܣͼ˺顣
Ҳʱɫȭâѹأϣֱӽȭâ֮¡
㡭
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ӣѪܡ
𣡡
ŭ𣬰ʣµֱһץסĴ֣漴һгؿڹᴩѪҺ
ңͬһʱ䣬浽ˣɱ⣬ͷ­
ɫ䣬ᴩڵĽɫȭâǣķ顣漴ڳһͭƣâţɱıꪸ
֮ͭǰնղƵ˺ͰʶãҲһѾʶӡǣѪɫ񽣲
涯ݣһ׼ʱ£ȴ룬ڻһʱɱһֵ
ն
ʱƫͷ³һ֡
֮ڶһ̣Զ񽣻һһҺն档
ͬʱͭҲһѹϣ֮档
񴩣
ꪻ⣬粨˺ɨ
һŴĿĹ⻪ѪɣҲɡ
ɱ
ʱ¾ۺâѹ졣
һߣסΣͶüģ˫ֻǿޱȣѹ¡
䣡
һʱ䣬ɱӿֲѹƬռС
ʩӭϣһ̣ɱǿ࣬ȻǿȴҲǱ˲٣ǿĵֹסĻζѪ
ֻǣȴʼǺ䣬һֱɱϡ
һʱ䣬棬ɱӯҰ
һˣס
̫̫ǿˣ
ѹն޵еİʶ⡭
طʿ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ʱƿ֮Ƭռʿϵ
Ⱥʿһϰ٣ʮǿߣͳԼսһ𣬸˲󾪡
ǡģ棬вߣ
ˣǡȻںɱһˣ
ǸˣȻס˳ģһס
ոճ嵽Щʿ𺳡
תۼѣЩʿУ˷ǰټľ貵â
Դ
˽г
ʱ䣬ոոϵطĽʿУֱӱʮʿ˹ȥΪ׵ļ˽Դڴһأתۼ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
棬ͬʱһ񽣣ȫʩΪն¡
۵ļǰļʿֱըѵܡ
¡
һ׺ѹ£߶Դף̽ǿߵ긲СΪ壬ߵ˰벽ͷֻһ˿ܵٴټɱһĴǿߣ£ֱӽ˵顣
⡭
ʱ䣬ܱ˲٣Ǹոոϵطһʿ𾪣ʼߵʮǿҲ𺳣ŵĶŰˣ뵽⼸˾Ȼ£ֻǴڰ벽ѣȴԻɱǿߣ
ﬣ
̶Х𣬽âĿ
Ľ棬ʱնһŵâʮʿȫ飬һѪը
Դߣ
䡣
Ҳʱٴɹ⵴Ũ
ȡһˣ
΢ϲ
еΪŵԴеһŵԴӵϰâøŨ
ĵԴ
һʱ䣬һʿԱȣ˵ȥᡣ
ЩУȴûһٸǰϾ˺ǰһ˳ȥµǣʼڶߣҪ˸ǰͨĴǿߣƶᱻһն
ҡ
һĮ
Զղϣһӿһһ˸ͬ˲ƶ㣬ץȡµԴ
ͨԨ
˾


849 ɨ
Ԩٶȼ죬ת۾Ϳɣǰ
ÿ
ĮȻ˽ȴҲ˿⣬ֱǰ
ԶЩ
Զӽ콣âնƴգ˲ѹԨͷ
Ԩ䣬ֱӳӰܿһ漴ǱֱĳȥҪԴ
⡭ƺǹżмصӰײеʧãû뵽Ԩᣡ
ϱǿ߾
ЩϱǿߣȻǳĶɵöݡ
ৣ
ƿ֮췴ǚiԥļӰûһɲǼǳڰǰһնԨ
ÿ죡
⡭˲ƶ𣿣ȻȶԨӰײеҪ죡
ƺҲʩչĳɣʲô
طʿ𾪡
һնԨһζݣٺˣһڱ𣬳ǰӭϡ
ⲻĶһͨ˿̽۳ʵ壬ǿһȻҲ˲ըֱɢ
ԨɫĮâڵ£ƿѹ졣
ǡѪֱͨӻ߽ʿѪǳ£
ļ£Ԩʩչͨһϱǿ˲ɱ
וּһѪ󽣻Ƴգתǰüĺͺ
һ˲䣬ֱ˹⡣
䵭üĹâ˸ǿʶ񽣻
䣡
䣡
Ѫ󽣺ʶײһ໥ը֯쫷硣
һͶԨͬʱĺ
Ԩ죬˸ӸĮɢϢȳĶҪǿһЩ죬һӰͬԣܼɱն
ԴҪˣ
䵭
ĿֱնһС
ԨߣϣӰ죬漴˫ֽӡֻˣ˽ɱ𶯲񷡣ͬһʱ䣬ϸ⸡֣Ӱ±Ӱɽͼ֣һʱƺҪնűΪͨط
ɱ˷䣬ƹɽӴ⣬⡭
㣬ʮͨ
ͨôͨչֱǡ
һʿľ
ʱȻǰҲǶݣԾ
ųƿسǧͨͨȻ鴫
䣡
Ԩѹ죬һ£µնѺۡ
һʱ䣬ϯʮ
ǰڷĿ趯ɫ⽻֯ɫɣ˿䡣
ұͨࣿ
ߡ
һֱʩչâȻǡ
ɱҶݺȪʥ֮Ѫɫѷ죬ĴɽӵȺݻԨɱ˷䣬ƹɽӴѪ󽣺ͨ
һʱ䣬ͨӰڱ˸죬ܺƵͬһؼڡ
⣿
ʮͨ
ԨͨҲôܣ
طʿȫסˣԶĳҲǳԾ
ԨٴζݣЩ˸ͨҲˣǣԼͨȴҲľͫʶ
Ҳʱӿ粽ʮͨƺƵѹԨ
Ԩɫһ䣬Ͻʮͨӭϡ
䣡
ʱ䣬Ƭռֲ쫷磬˺һռ䡣
ͨͶԨͨȫ飬ûʮ
ˣ
һ̾ѾĿռٴѣһֱ̮ˡ
ܹУɫ忪Уɫȭƿɿ졣
˵ˣԶЩ

һȭǿ
һȭɵ
Ԩʮͨ⣬ȴһ˲䱻ȫ飬ɫȭؿڣֱӺǿĵѪˮȾա
ͺܺѪ룬ʮ
һ̣ٴζ죬ɫ֮ǰǰ㵭ĮЩ
ǸԨһȭˣ⡭
ôôǿֻǲŴڶ찡˶ԨĸС̨װ˳ҲĸС̨ףɡȴƺ˻ҪǿЩ
⡭δ̫˰ɣ
ʿĲ
ȺսвǴϷսʵ˾㤡
ǿ󰡣
ͷѪɫ񽣣Сǡ
Ѿ֮ǰȡµĵԴ˿̿ʼڲȡĵԴһĻҲоȡֻǾһ˲½ľͶ뵽ȡԴʱҪٶȲԴȻһ뿪
Գһ񽣣ɫ䱸Ķܡ
⽻֯
⡭
죬⣬ʿɵ̲סһ¡
һϣĹƣĶϳͬѪͨΣնԴƽ֡
ɨһۣ죬ӰԵһʮ֮
ߣ
ߣꪴ𣬾ֱѹ¡
Ԩһ仰ҲûУɫĮ֣ͨգ졣
٣
ɭȻиգնĲӡ
һʱ䣬ϣ֮ѹϰ˻ģΪ֮
Ȼһˡ
Ǹ˺ܲ򵥣սپӺͷ
⡭
طһʿľʱЩͨʿѾûʸȥԴˣûʵֻܿ
ǰԣɫâƺҪᴩ֮ڡ
ûʲôһ֮âԣˡ
䣡
ͬʱƿ죬ӳĵһɱȫ顣
һ۵
ЦٴλӶл죬ͬʱǿͨɱ졣
ԨڳһӡȻҲһԴݻʮֲһͨʮŸͬλ·Ǿɱ
ӿԣŤǼһڴ֮ͨǿš
䣡
ʱ䣬ɻ֮Ƶѹ졣
ȻϢ֯һʵνֲףһ˲ѣսһЩǿ߶ĺˣ˸ǴڿѪֱը
⡭
ǿļ£ˡ
ȻǰҲݣѣСġ
¡
ӿϣҰ
Ȼģķڶʹ
ıʼղ䣬ΨЩ
׹ǣ

˵һһֱ̣ӽֻͼƺƵѹ¡
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
죬ѹĻ֮˲䱻飬ֻͼѹ¡
Ĵʧɫǡ
ۣ
Ѫ֯ĵը
Ԩͳ涯ݣһһɭɭĺٺˡ
ֻǣֻͼһ׶ݳַΧ
ۣ
ۣ
˲ѣͼİ㽫һ顣


850 ֻͼ
ʺѪˮУʿԱɫ棬ԨģϣȻȫˡ
ͼ
ʿļ¡
ֻͼƵʥĹâѹư˻ģڶصΪ´߶ǵƵһ޿ɵֵĸоʮɽӶͼ²
䣡
Ѫ𶯣䴫ǿϢ
ΪвȻ׾ͱɱѪԶ볷
ߣɫâ֯ʹֻͼøǿ˵ꡣ
ֻͼ½Դƺߣ漴һ̣ǱǿϢֻͼҶ
⣬òȷʵǳǿֻͼ֮¾Ȼ㼤ҷڶʱһ˾Բõ
һٶֻͼҫ۵Ĺâݺѹ˵ꡣ
˵ƺԱñ֮ǰȻʹ࣬Ҳҡ
ߣһֻͼʼٵת·Ҫٵһ㡣
ʱ˵֮ȻΪвߣһҲǲҽ˳
⡭ȻڲҽУ
ܣһʿĲвߣƽռвһ̾ȻͬһѣȻ˴̶Ĳҽ

ﶢֻͼק˫֡
ˣ
ֻͼâŨȫʩΪͼͬһѹ£һһѹ
˵Ĳҽ漴ԴŨĴһɢ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵Ϣ֯Ƭռ䶼һ£ֻͼ˳ȥ
Ųǚiˣһֻͼһ飬ͷͣ΢΢ת˿˿Ƶʥԡ
ǰâӿתۼؾǱĶ졣
ˣ
ҧͷֻͼĿͬɱ¡
´βˣ
Ԩͳ
Ķ죬ĹŨĿЩ
һ̣˵ϢԺ֮ǰһˣøǿø䣬һɹŨĴ֯ϣƬռת۱˵ĵѹƷ
ʿһˡ
Ǵߣʼǿֶˣ
Ĳ
ϵǿߣǼǿǿڡ
һ̣âѹʮռ䡣
ɱ
һɱԳд˼һ׾ˣһӳĵˣ˼նɱ졣
֮ٵ
Ŀ
Ͻ֯ɫâ漴Щâ仯ͬճĺ㣬һֶĸСȻ˶ģȴɣǳ£ʼһֱط¶Ȼ罵ʹʿ궼ҡ
һߣԨؾһζһľ𣬴׳ˡңͬжֲ֣ͬҪһж˺顣
ֲһĴ򣬴ͬķ칥ɱ¡
˲ѣҡضâ纣
ĴĿ棬ɨģĿڶԨϣľֵһ㣬ǳǿʩչļ¡ȴ˿޾壬һٴֻͼѹϡ
ˣ
ֻͼâʢɹ⻮ƺƵĳ¡
Եһȭ͵ӿϣƺҪһж
ĻӶĵâճİ֮⸲죬ͬǶĵĺڸ
ԨĴݻľƶϣ̫ʳɻ졣
ֿµĴ˲Ϣ佫˷ȫˡ
ֻͼսײȴǲֻͼһδνԷĵ𿪡ͬһʱ䣬֮ӭĵİĵâͶԨľһƬƬɱ⣬һľ
ֻǣ˵ĵâ֮˲ָɷ˷Ŀռ䣬ֲһͬЪˮɱ죬㴭ϢĻᡣ
֧ŵ˶ã
ɭ䡣
Ԩͳһɫᣬֺ飬ԵĴɱˡ
ֻͼֵ˵Ĵ򣬽ģֻͼЩһѺۡ
ˣȷʵ򵥣
Զ
ֻͼжôǿǳһ˼Ĵκεˣڣ˼󣬾ȻҪʹֻͼˡ
ǿ
ͷ
Щ죬ȴ죬첻ܻˡ
ǣ
ֺ
н֯⣬ɨ˰һۣĿٶϣǵâǡ
飡
ȵ
һͬʱӿϡ
͵һֻͼһվû֧סĥ
ɱ㣡ٽһȥ㣡
Ķ죬ĿɭİĵøŨøǿ
ƫͷģ䣬ɱڡ
һ̣˵һֻͼٴ
ѾٵΪã
ķ̣Դ߶Уӳǿɱ⣬ֱüġ
Ԩͳ֮ͬѹ졣
ĿЩ䣬˿䡣˫̧ٽӡһʱ䣬֮ӿɢ⡣
Ҳʱ߼ĴɱڱƽֱײϣĴâݺײһ
ʱ䣬͵촫˵Ĵ̼֮飬ͬ΢Ļ类紵˰㣬Ȼ޴档
ǣ
˽Դ󾪣˵Ĵһѹ죬ȴ˲㱻ĵâѹˣͷһ
ˣطʿҲǱɫ𺳵Ķ졣
ΪڳˣɼĴâȴ˲ĥ˺һĴ˵ƿصĵԶԶǿߣ
ľ
УмϱĴǿ죬ĵ⣬ûãϱǿ߱㶼ü¶ɫֲƿصʲô
ľٴθɱ⡣
һ˽Ĵ߶ǿٲѹ졣
ӭٲı˿䣬ɱ䡣
һ̣â֯һƳͷϵֻͼӿȥʹֻͼһøˣһ˿Ի˳
ֻͼ
ӭ˵ĻԴٲһ̼ĥС
漴һ̣ͬŵ۰㣬˲ǰ
ıɫٺˣ㡭
һֻͼֱУĥ̰㣬ĳѹ¡

ĲҽУĴܣɲը
֮ϯŲȱӶݡ

Ŀ䣬ֻͼһ˲佫ķ顣


851 ȡԴ
ǰƬռ˲вߴ֮һģˣ
⡭
ʿȻ˲Ķ¡вߴȥ⣬ľܲǿģǶ԰ĴƿȴѾﵽһΪľ磬ҰĴҲ㹻Ҳڴأȴ㱻ɱˣ
Ԩͳһɫ
ǰ˺Ҳ𺳣û뵽쾹ɱһ
ˣ
ֻͼâ֯Ĩɱĺ»صͷ˿˿⡣
ƫͷ֣ĵĶץأ֮ǰȥȴǱץŶһĨϵĵʶӡɢ
ˡ
Ԩͳ档
ûʲô˵ģƬ򿪣ĵԴѰ⼸ɱԴȻҪܷŹ
ֻͼͷϣһն鲼Ѻۡ

ľ£
ͶԨͬʱȵ
Դ˿̵죬ͶԨһɾԵв˿ıֱӽĴ߶ޣ֮ľ֮ӿϡ
첻ܣֻͼɳһƵâˮƵĥС
һ絽Ԩǰֻͼֱѹ¡
Ԩɫ𣬴ӿʮͨһӿ֣졣
ಣಣಣ
ƿͣ죬Ԩƴȫһʩչͨͷͨٺ롣ղţǿ³ͼĿ£һͽĨɱˣɲӲӣѹͼɵð
ŴֻͼһĥԨĴͨ
ԨҲ˳ȥ˺Զ
ľʥ磡

Ԩͳٴδ
һʱ䣬ľֳһھ޴Ļ¯ֲһĴ֮ͬ嫺ӿҪû
ֳִֻͼϣֻͼһ⽻֯âֱĥľͬʱĻ¯顣
ŲһΣֻͼһ𣬺ƺƵѹ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ѪϣͶԨͬʱӣɲǼѪˮ졣
⽻֯ŲȱֻͼķΧԶ½ϡ
ɭȻ죺ղŻɱģķ㲻
ͼ֮ǰˡ
Ԩ
ߣͼһٴѹˡʵϣ˵ĲղһĨɱģȷʵķ˲ϾΪв֮һĺǿʷǷҸĸС̨ףԴƿҲǷǳ죬ԵںֻͼҪ򵥻ɱԷȴҲǲܡ
һȫʩΪע˼һĨɱ˶Է
ɱһˡ
Į
˵һĴֻͼâʢⷭӿâ⣬ƿɿ졣
Ԩͳ𣬸ԼͨҽҲǴ߶ޣ񱩵ɱŭ˰㣬һһӿ֡
ɫĮֻͼѹУһươ
䣡
ǿ߽棬ʮռ䲻ϵ飬մѷͬ֩㳯졣
⡭
ʿļ£ײ̫ˣＸһƬ֮ء
ͬһʱ䣬ʿʼˣ±

ǰ˫۷⡣һ֮սвնɱһˣɿˣսίʵȣս˫֡
ɨ죬ҲľâСӣүҲüӰѾ
ʱ򣬾ŵԴѾȡˣʣš
ˣ
ǰһƬռ飬Ϣ֯
ԨͳԽ߶£ɱ죬ͨ裬ֶ֣Ǻˡ
ɫĮֻͼâ˸ѪɫҲͣն¾ɱĽ⡣
ɻͣײ
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ƭռ䲻ͣҡΣƺһ̾Ҫ̮˰㡣
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱļҽ棬˵Ѿˣ΢
ҲʱâУŵصǚiһͻƵǰֻͼƺƵѹ¡
㡭
ۣ
Ѫը汻һ顣
𣡡
δϯȱ⳯Ӷݡ
ߣѪǿд߶ֻͼͬʱҲ˳

ҽУվûӳȥڴֻͼ˫ؼл£飬ĥ
ʱ䣬طʿ
桭ҲҲˡ
˲
죬һ̣ʿһɾֵ
䣡
ǿӿԨһʩչһǿͨǹɱ֮һʱֱѡߣգ۾Ϳɾ롣
һĻʿһ˼֮ɫͨˣ
ƫͷֻͼѾ鵭Ͷ˲仮Ƴա

ԶһҽУԨӱĥ
ֻͼҲ˶ɢˡ
̧ȣһ˹ȥ
ɱ
Ԩӡ죬ֱŰ߲ٴԶݣٶȾ˲١
תر¶Ԩӡٴ̧ͷʱԷѾʧˣʶɢѾѰԷϢ
һץŶԨӡһ̧Ĩϵʶӡ漴һߵĳҲץĨʶӡһ뵽ڡ
˿̣ȾѪѪɫ񽣺һյͭߣƫͷܵʿ
ҡûҪԴ
ԣûû
⡭뿪
ӭطһʿһ±ԼҪԴ˼Цһ֮սвնɱˣƵһӶݣ˺£ֱһɱ
ʱģطʿٳˣתۼʧ
һԶֱȷ˶ˣǽ񽣺յͭ
ȣ
ҡҡ׹ĽڵرϣȳѪɫ˲԰׵㡣
Զݣæ
ȻҲһͿ˹ȥվȣǵĵô
ҡͷû¡
һ˶սвնɱˣһˣһսôܻ򵥣Ѿ˼صˣ˿̽Ǳ鲼ѺۣʱϡʵϣŶԨǲӶһսֿܺ˵
⻹û£׵ûɫˣ

죬ּӿԴԴϵĶڣˡ
ܿ죬ʮȥ
ˣ
ʱ
ŵԴѾײȡϣĴټ˹дԵ˷֮ɫ
ͷУϽ뿪
һȻ˼ʱˣɿݣѾûһս֮ˣһֻǲŰ벽ɱһĴʿһЩǿ߾ͲˣͻȻǻΣա


852 
ûĶһ˵뿪;аΪˡһѡ䲻۵·úƬڴλãֱӿУֿڵĹȵشɽԶȥ
˵Сӣ԰һ˶սвȻɵˣ
˵
٣һ£㵱Ұװģ
бһۡ
һٶȲֹȥʱڼԶһɽѰһ֮ɽǳͨ£һǲʿġ
ȡԴһʱ䣬ܵâ˸һ̽֯˳
޼䰡ǹ˵ţצԼһţָÿһţʣµȫ죺ⶫһһž㹻оЧڶʱЧͻۿˣ˷ѡ
Ҳû˵ʲôԴӵС
ŵԴ˫ģֱ
ȻСˣĹУǿһҲ֮Ϊǻ
Ǹע⣬涼ͷͬ
ȻҲǾԴееһϥ£תȦ̫ľֱӽԴڡ
ˣ
ʱ䣬ĽɫǿʢЩҶҫۡ
һ̣΢΢һڵԴֱ˳
ˣһʱЩ⣬
Сӣɶ
ʵ
Ҳɻ΢΢üͷղת̫ľԴ׼ǣڵĴԴȴǷǳų⣬н֮˳
ԡ
˵
һΣȽ̫ľת죬漴ٴνԴ
ȻֺͷһԴֻȥƬ̱Ǳǿ˳
һٴοڣСӣʲôأ
㿴棿
Щԣ˵һ¡
Ļһһ
ڵĴ򣬾ȻųԴ
ۡ
ȻҲĿࣺ£үǴû˵Ҫ֪ԴǴ۶ĶിĴƬڴĴǿžԵãڵĵ򡭡Ȼų
죬һŵı顣
ԱߣüԴȻ˽⡣
һĨ΢⣬һۣûֿܣڵĵѾǿˣԴǿڡ˶٣ȻԼĲ²Щţǽŵڣ᲻ǣڵĴԣԴʣԴĵ
Ļ涼һȻҲɵ죬ΪȻȷʵЩھˣϾǿԴ䣬ǿ߶ۺĶ
⻰ЩסۣƺҲûʲôԡ
쵱ǰڵĴͬԼʶųԴԸԴȥһĲ²һĽͣڵĴԣԴпʰĶ
һʱ䣬һľƿصȻô죿
ǧһսҲûôŰɣ
Ŀ
ʵЩˣ֣һʱ䶼һִԶ·ĸо
죬ƯĴ۾գգģСӲѽȻô죡
ͷðߣ̧־һʲôСӡ᲻˵
һΡ
˵
ת̫ľԼ״̬漴νԴڡ
ûʲô仯ǺǰһԴǿ˳
ˣˡ
ԵЩΣּƽ֯ŵԴҲһ
վ³һ
ȻûƵǻָ˲٣ѾŻָˡ˵˫תۼܲ漴˺ǿʼɣӦöΪǻ
˺ǵͷҵһطתԵĹž
һʱ䣬ֲһϢ֯ʹطããˣ¹ȥʱһȡԴȺڣʼԹžɡ
ˣ
âƬռ˸ԽԽŨҪƬռû󣬽ģһⶼе򲨶ɢԽԽǿԽԽˡ
ֻһ˲ѣǸоһĴڷɿĳ
ȻԴһʼЧˡ
ЩԣԴԼȻˡ
⡭ʲô
ü
ʣĴǳǿ󣬴һͿԿ֮ǰһսʱҲǵõ˳ֵ֤ĴѹνĵȻˣȴʼջǲ֪Լƿصʲô
ǡ
ЩͻȻøˣЩơ
֪ԼƿصĴΪִʿƾһ˰ɡ
һҡҡͷȥˣô붼벻ֻͨ˷ʱˡ
һߣһͬʱǿʶҲɢܣԵý档һǴڰ벽Դһˣ̶һǳҪݲκš
ˣ
֯Ƭռ䣬ԽԽǿĲҲǸӵŨһϢڲͣ
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
䣡
һ죬һǿɢͨʢããͬǺһ㽫֮д֯ȥһʥ
໣˵˵ˣүٴˣ
С
ϾǵڶޣһУһΣǡ
վһߣֱ̧֣սӿץƨ㣡
ʱ򣬰涼ԴУܱš
Ȼһ㣬ǰЩе˷֮ɫȴȥԱߵ໽СڶΣڴһ죬ڴһʱսͬնǿ̫̫ˣʵо޴˵һ츲صʱ䡣
бһۣȻ֪Ϊ˷ܣûж˵ʲôһߡ
ܿ죬һȥ
һ죬ͬʱͻƣΣĴâͬǺһ㣬ǰԵͬսɢϢǿ
֮߸ʱתۼҲͻΣ̫֮⻷⣬е̫Ůһ㣬Ķʥࡣ
ã
н֯âɵ¶Ц⡣һ˽Դﵽˣ


853 նɱһս
棬һȺǺܸˣһ˶ﵽ߶ȣһս
Ժ˭ǣֱӺȥ
Ц
ڶ޴ﵽսͬһ㣬ǿͰΪ壬սֲ֮˵壬ûǵƣ˵츳ֲ֮ĲࡣңȴЩ⣬һᾧ͵ɸԴʱǻĺܡ
ɨһۣûж˵ʲô
ˣ߰ɡ
˵һֽµȫɢȥ
һԴͻƺȥ̾磬ʱȻҪطͣʲô
˶ͷڿգɽ
вǳԶǻȣһɽܿгԶ
˴һʱһȺʿЩʿһ˺һ㶣󾪣˹һ
⡭Ǹˣ
˶죬岻ɵö¡
ǰƬģͶԨһսնĺͳ棬ұƵĶԨӶݣѾвһȻ󲨡ϾģͶԨɶвһս䱻նһܲע
ʱطһȺʿ죬ǲɵһļºη壬һһսնɱвˣ£ңɲֹɱǰʱ仹ɱղƺͰļսն˰һʶЩ´ܲͨʿ¼ɵ
ǿ㣬одĸ̬֡ħ
˵
̧־ҪȻѧˣ৵һ¾ˡ
ˣǡ

һ˳ԶȥΪʱ򲻼ȥʲôߵıȽ⡣
úߵһƽԭѾûʿӰӣֻһЩݡҲʱñһɱϢ֯Ϊˡ
һ˽פ㣬ǰ
ɱ󡣡

µһ˲䣬ܣϸֳƣһŲȱͼϢԻƮڲϣ֯ɱơ
ԭ֮ϣĵӰϢĳ֣ѪʢԨƺǰˣɢϢǿᣬͬһͷڴϵĳɫް¡
ǰɫĮĿ䣬ɵñľ
ȳҪǿһ˿
ˣ΢΢˫ۡ
ԱߣҲˣڵһս˵ţɨԱˣս½նѣսƣսҢ
䣡
ܣɱƽ֯ɱӿƬռ·һɱĺ㡣
˿Ҳɱ⡣
ժͷ­
ڳһ񵶣ֱӿɱУȥϣϵĲȱͼһ𣬶ʱɱ纣ƺƵѹ졣
ɱЩ£ңȫǳȥһʱããռ䡣
ɫ糣ڳһѪɫ񽣣һ𣬽ɱȫ¡
˵֮ǰдԳƣǸĵڶսսսս͵ս׷ɱôڱˣһս͵ĵս׷ڶս͵սûпӰ
档
򵥸£ûֱСϵģŪɱͼɱҲȫСûȥƲ죬Ȼ֮ǰСƬһ֮´ȥʹԭɱǼս˼ɵ󣬵һս˳ǵڶս͵սӦǱǲȥΪڱչصİˡ
˵ţб½նѣƺҢһۣǴעܼ򵥣ǿǵĵһսɱ죬ɱǡ
΢㶣漴ͷЩ
룡
һ
սҢɱڳһֱӳǰɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ս½նѺ͵սҲϣԻ
ʱ䣬˵ܳԻطɱϢøǿˡ

һ죬ֱһƬ
΢ۣʱϣס˽ңǽ
וּһϵһ𣬽ɫ콣âһնֱȥңͬһʱ䣬˫ֻ⽻֯˫ּ䣬۳һڻ꽣ڻ꽣һ۶וּһֱնϡ
һ쵽㣬޿
ͣ
һ죬ϵĲȱͼնķ飬ܵɱ˲ɢǵɱɱתʧһɶ
΢ϵɱͼǲȱģҲԿ߽״ɱȴû뵽ô׾նˡ죬Ŀø˼֣ûʲôˣҲûܿɱ㣬֮¶ѡ
Ż£һһɼΪǿϢڳͷңҲڵһʱɢӿ磬ͬŭ
΢ֱԻҪսپ˵⻰ϣǾսپˡ
䣬˵һֻͼֱӴ˫ֽӡããӿ֣ٺֻͼںһʹֻͼϵķ˲Ϣʮ
̼䣬һ֮Ĵҡ
ʹݣ¶ɫ
ﬣ
ϣڶ񽣳ͭƳ֣ԶԨҲһԻԿر߶һʱƵ˵ɱ֮
ʱ䣬Ƭռ䱻֣ϣֱ
Ѫŭ֮ͨӿ֣ͬһٲ
ߣ
Цѹ£ֻͼһ棬ٴνɡ
һĻʹһѹ˵½նɫ
ôܣ
𾪣ǾŴսУǿᣬս˫ȴαɣȻ·
䣡
Ҳʱǿܺһɾһӿ֣ʹһ
˺ͬʱֱͬӿǿսǿ£ɱâдֲһĻӿˡ
㡭ǡ
ɫ䡣ǿľ𺳵ǰͰǿ̫ҫˣǿǣ֪ܲ
ȻԶ콻Ҳɫ䣺壿̫壿
йȱĵط𣿡
쵭Į
תر϶Էϰ˻֮ͬһʱ䣬ֳִֻͼƺƵѹ¡
ǿֶΣʱֱӴ߶¡
㡭
ۣ
Ѫˮǿһʱ䱻顣

괫ŭ𣬴ӿȶԨҪǿų롣
ֻǣȻĻᡣ
Ȼˣͱӡ
Į
סʮռ䣬ֻͼѹ£ͬһʱ佫ӡҲһչ֣ȫʩΪһ˿ѵϣ

ҽд̶ֱӱ飬


854 
ѪˮƮڿУĿģ½նɫ𾪺ͺȻ
ⲻܣ
־ŭǾŴսеĵһˣսޱǿᣬ񣬾Ȼôһ˲ͱɱˣ
ֽץУ漴ƫͷˡ
·
˵
ȷʵǿ󣬱ȳҪһ˿ƽһսҪɱԷ϶÷Ѳʱ䣬һȻƽսһʼһչֱֳӽⳡս壬ҲǵһʱչǿֶΣֻͼ𣬴ӳ֣ͬʱӡͨһѹƶԷˣʤת۱֣ʤ
һѾնɱʱ΢΢ͷâʢ
񽣡

¡һվһӰγһ׽漴ڳ嫵һ֯һ񷣬Ѵأɱһ
ٴС˵һүĴ
Ц
ɫһʱ䣬ľˮֲһĴ֮֯һͬڻĥ̰ת֮ⱻǣ˳
ǿ£ཻ̫ڣƬռ䶼úڰˡ
ﬣ
Ӷһ貵ڣûΪԵһ춼Ϊ֮ݣǵɱ֮ƺҪ綼նϡ
һĿ̾âԴΪ߶ǿֶΣѹǰ
ͣ
һ죬ֱˣʲôûʣ¡
˹½ն˶ԣǾɱ˾ִ𣬳ֶΣȴεֿˣһʱǱѹķ飬Ҳһˡ
۵Ķү˸յٴǸ
Ц
ʱһ֣½ն˵ץأһһ
ʱۣ@#Сôڣȫץȥˣ
﷭ۣ˵㶼ٻǧˣ˼ô
ôһ۾ɵĸԲ˼֣û˵
ЩЦվסˣ˹
ｫգգۣʵǽʲôȥ
ɱ½նѵˣһսûʲôˣϾ½նѵȻǿ󣬿ǸӲǿ
˵ǻСĳżչأңչȥɵ
ݵ
бһۣôңΪıչصͨطضеأҪѰѶȲҳвʲôɸ硣
Ʋ죬Ȼô˵ǾȥƬɸ磡
䣡
ҡظ𶯣ֱӴҪ˵Ļ
һ̣Ƭû谵ϯ¶Լƽ͡ȥ֮ϲ֪ʲôʱֳ˹ƣһޱѹֵϢ˲ɢƬÿһ䣬·һٽҪ˰㡣
¡
𣬺ѿ޾ƷͬһƵ漴Уһĵֶɭɭģ·Ĺȡ
ǡռ䣬оʱձˣ
Ĳǿһ̶һɱУ·һС
ԱߣҲݣɫǴ䡣
Ǿ㤣ۼ׶৵ͷקһͷЩˣǡŲ޾еɭɭͫ׵ɵĹԲʹŲӡ
һʱ䣬ȥȻ˽⡣
֪쿪ڣ漴Լһȵȣ룬΢΢ݣϾƹģϾƹ߹ڼ칬ѰֿŮӵĲлꡣ

ŲϵɭɭǾȡ
קͷڻʱУżһΣÿγֶһˣԹҲ֪жǿС˵ţ̲סһ£ݡ˵ǵƮһ
ʲô
ôһ˵һǽ
ǲö׫ѵĴڣ
ۡ
֣ڷҲǼǣǵһֱΪãҰʷж׫ĶͲڣȻƲǵƮһʵ̫˼˽𺧡
ǹƨ״治ڣү֪ȥĴ˵ү֪ʲôöһ˫۶Ųϱֵļͬһ㣺Ͻҵطϡ
䣡
𶯣һζֿµԼͶͬ׹أ̼ʹ糾ϯһƵĺɫ绡֯ʹÿռңͬˮư㵴ֳһ޴ĿռѺۣһС
˾Ȼһ̷·һԶңܵĿռ鲼Ѻۣз·һ˫˫δ̽˳ڽ
أӰӰӰǧҪȥȥģ
С
Ȼ뱻ܵĿռѷУԼ䶼ǣȴûʲôãʱһָúܼˣʲôˡ
ˣ
ܣһռѷܼĽ֯ţÿһռѷжкӿ·ͨŻ㣬ɭˡ
˷⣬ãʼջһ㱻ܵĿռѷ졣գʮһ뱻С
ʱ򣬵ڣڽһĿռѷ측֣һУûʲôԵֵˡ
⵽ʲô
ҿ

ʿҺͨʩչԼֳһһռѷڡ
һ̣谵޹⣬һɭɭĵƮڿУ޾ڣͬƮδһʿ顣

ĺڰУоʹʲôҲʶҲãʹüҲδ̫ãֻɲǶѣһڹ⸡ǰ
һһδϾǿռ𶯣ֱӽ˦˳ȥ
Σڲվȣ˺ʵϡȥƬһƬ죬ͬѪˮȾһ㣬ϵɢҵʬһƺƮڿС
Ǽڣ
ͫһֻоñ˳һ躮ˮ
漴ֻعɨܣȴ֣涼ˣֻקŵͷſͷϡ
أ
ץ
үô֪϶ҲǱƬռֻǲͬһλá漴ֱӰ׻Ǳˣүģ⡭ƵطһЩۻʶԶ֮ô@#أ


855 ʬ棬
İ첻ɵһƬһЩۻʼǿ߶Զ֮
ô𣿵ۻʶмɵ
΢΢ü
һ߰һߴүڲ˼кôүģקͷƵطʮϵԽ
춯ݣϵ
ƵطǧѵóһΣγ֣Ȼǡɾͱүײˣ衭˰˱Ѫù˰
ͣ
ôˣƬɫƶأʬǺʣɵüͷԭض˶٣漴Ųѭһǰȥ
С
ʵ
ҳȻѰҳȥ·

˵ƬɲƵأУûʲôôġڣҪȽҵ뿪ط
үҲô룡ϽģˣƵطүһҲͲĵط
Դ˾˫צͬ
һһĵطһƬƽԭһƬ죬һͷ洦ʬƬɫϣɨӽűߵʬͣ£Խżһʬʱ䣬ʬͬһ˻ҽ
⡭
΢΢ݣղֻԴ¶ѣûʬȴ˲仯˻ңֻһͣʬڵޱȾԶҲʮꡣ
Ȼ֪ʲôСӱˣү˵ˣ⼫ʮϵĽڵ¾ԶˣڸʱԻ
˵㣬ǰȥ
ƬɫϣһƺɫƮڿУƬռ¶ȷǳΪɵһּĸо
ƬɫƽԭĵطҲ֪ж㣬ϣЩÿտΪȥܳʬ⣬ʲôҲûУֻ϶

ͻȻһ𣬲ԶѿһĺڳԵ
ڳֻдĴָ֣䶯£ֱһڹ죬ٶȾǿľˣգۼ͵ǰ
춯ݣ̧նһɫâںڳϣǽ֮ɣȻľǣڳԶĵ䶯˼£Ȼһγ˹ٶȱøЩ
ȥʲôǣ
ۡ
ʵжǿǷǳղһȻնȴҲնһĴǿߣֻдĺڳ棬Ȼûܰˡ
ಣ
ƿת۶ѣڳٴǰ
һһβֱ֣նһ׳콣â
һ̶Ľ콣âȵںڳϣ۵һڳնķѣճҺ˳ĵ涼ʴһƬ



һƬɫƽԭϣ治ͣѿһһڳתۼһƬ泱Ҳңһ۾ͷƤ顣
Щڳ濴۾ǸйȴǷǳ񣬻īͬڽʯһ㣬볯ɱ˹
̧֣콣âһɨһƬն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ڳ治ͣը׹ڵء
ģصĺڳ棬вѾﵽңȺڳٶȸ죬ͣ콣âնȺڳϣǽһǻ֮⣬Խ֮ն䷢Щĳ
漴Եص³ĺڳӶˣһƬһһԾ
Сӣ
е
ûԥЩڳЩ죬Ҫһûתۼܽˡ
նһ콣ԥĲǚiһһӰתۼԶȥ
ܿ죬߳ǧɾ롣
ʲô
üЩڳʵЩ죬Һܿ£һ𣬹澳ǿ߶ܹɵ
֪Ӧʬһ֡

ɣʬô
ˣǼҪԳȣط˵һ̵ֻܹһǿߡ

첻˵ʲôӴɢѰҰ˵ټ
ܿ죬߹˴ɾ룬Ǵڳɫƽԭϣʬ鲼
¡
ʱǰ˵ܲϤĲ˹
ǰ׼Ů޵

Ȼһʱ͸оˣһʮԶ㳯ǰȥ
תۣɾ룬ǰӰڼսֲһ𶯡
ӰһһŮŮһϮ£ͷһѪɫ񽣣ɱ˫
Ȼǰ׼Ůӣ漴ＤսǵӰ룬Ǹ˵ĵսʲôţӣڴ죡֮ǰ˽ľŴսȻ֪Ŵսò
䣡
ǰܹӿ˻ġ
һ˹ȥֱӽֻͼ
оϤϢƫͷʱ¶ϲɫ
棬սǶݣʱовֱӳˡ
ܣѹ㣡
ﺰֱӽǿ³𣬺ƺƵĳѹȥ
̼ɫ䣬һʱϳ򣺡ǿ£̫壿ֱӳ֮ǿг忪ǿ¡
Ҳʱ¡һ죬ĴֻͼˣԶǿ¿ֲ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦䣬ֻͼ֮£ֱӱ˸飬һǱݳͬɥ֮Ȯ㳯ԶӶݡ
ߣһ㽫ֻ֮ͼٴѹ¡
ס
ͣ
һ죬ӵֱӱ顣
ӣ˵ĵսҲƬУ֪˵ûһƬʥȺУҧ
û˵ʲô̧һץһߵӵץ̧ĨϵʶӡԼӡǣ뵽ʶڡ
أû뵽ǿˡ
ЦͬһƮ˹
һˣ
ܣ涼ڣҲûʿ顣
һˣ˵𡣡ɨңҸأǸõģûһ𣿡
̯̯֣ȻûС
ȥǣҵѰȥ·
˵
ͷѭһ򣬳ǰȥתۼ߹ǧɾ롣ʱǽµɳ죬ϵʬˣ
֮󣬵йɣѾûʬǰһӣֻǣȴˮԴǹףʱʱһϡ
һʱ䣬һۡ
һƬ󡣡
˿Һ
ǰռ΢΢ŤȻΪȶɣǵȶʹǿ춼ɵļ£ĸоǵףԿ׻ٵǿߡ
ʲôƵط
̲ס˵˺һĻ


856 
׹۳һƬǰҲ֪жֱӸǰ·
ô죿Խȥ𣿡
졣
ǰû˵ʲôҡͷߣүɲôЩ졣
¡¡
غǷ˵㣬һɭɭӿ
һͷֻһƬɫĳ泱ӿ˹ѹѹһƬ䶯һҳ
ŵһ£һ¾Ͷ㵽
ȥʬж٣Ȼ׷ˣ
ۡ
Ҳǲ죬һʼǵȺɫʬ棬ȻѾۼô࣬ϯطҲʮˡ
ûѡˣֻܺƬ󡣡

ЩɫʬЩ£ôһȺӺѹ澳ǿǶᱻ̵ǾԲܵˣΨдϺɹȥ
߰ɡ
˵Űˣûаԥڿն𣬿ϣŶȥ
ģү治ôֵֹģ
֣ԣǿûѡôһȺµĺɫʬ棬ֻܺˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһûпԵ̫Զкɫʬ˹
ҳ
ɫ˫һֱӵһ쫷磬͵ĽЩڹȫɣеڿֱըеǱ£䵽
ʱ䣬еʬֱȼͬһЩ糤Ⱥɫʬ涼⣬䵽·кת۱ǱճһŻҽ
ʹһ󣬲ɵ뵹һ
ɲܵȥһ׶մȾܰǿ߶۵
˿Һ
СЩ

֪Щɫʬжǿǵȴﵽ糤ʬ棬֮ǰ߶콣âʱûܹһʱն飬ڶԷʱһǻ֮⣬ȴ˲佫糤ʬճ˻ҡ
ô䱸ӣҲǱޱС
ϣȵڶ𣬺ܿкˮ
ģүˣ
ͷԹ
ͬеĵͷǣȳɹˡ
৵ľͰͷ˻ȥ¶һܻı飺@#
һȥڰУƵܱߵնɵŤǵȵЩˡ
࣡
࣡
࣡
淭͵죬һҽݳ֣飬ȥЩˡ
תۣһ߳˴ɾ롣
¡
ʱһ˳ϯʮɸߣֱ˿ռ䡣֮£վȫɣʮɸߣ׾ˡ
׾˵̬һƬľۿںڵģʼһվһȭˡ
һǲɵͷƤ飬һȭźԶһֵƺҪڻ˵ĸо
ˣ
ϳֻͼһС
͵һֻͼӭһȭڻ˸ɾ
ҵѽ
һ£ۼ׵Ӳûɳ֪ͼʲôȴ֪ͼжǿΪͼɱͨĴǿǾ͸һȴһȭ㱻վ׾˸ˣӦ˵ǱǵȿֱֲӸۻˡ
Ҳǵۣ⡭
ԼҲüվ׾ˣǿЩ¡
¡
󷭹һתۼ䣬ͬ׾վ
һʱ䣬ط׽䣬Ҫһжۻ
ʼ׾ˣʱһŰ׾˶סһۿǺģǻȭ֣̽ͬʱһӶ
ٴνֻͼ֮Ű壬ֱӲŵصǚiһһܣܿ׾ˣȫ˦
𣡡
󴫳һɸߵ׾գƺƵѹһ
תٽͶһĨ޴Ӱһȫ¡
һ𳯺󹥻
˵Űǰ壬ֻͼ
ͷһʱʹܱ࣬ǿպʣ¸߹ңֻͼһ𳯺ѹȥ
໽Уɫʩչһɫ쫷糯ȥ
䣡
̶ֻͼǿºʹײһ
͵죬ֻͼǿºʹһ𣬲ûһҲǵһʱըһž޴׻š
Сӣ
С
Ǿ鿪׻ͬһ㣬̵ĻҲǿµĺܡ
ŵصǚiһһӰٶȿ켫׻ŵķ϶ƶƬ򣬳ȥ
𣡡
׾˵ĺȴԽԽֹȥԵصǚiŰУǳ׽ǰ׾˦
Сӣ治

û˵ʲôһʮɣתۼֿһξ롣
ܿ죬һƬһʱǼ˰Ӱ
԰ˣ

ʱЩٶȣһԶڶ԰²˺ʵϡ
ڹˣ
³һ
һվڰǰȥǰһƬɫƶأϻǱ鲼ʬֻһߣʬӶˣһƬ
ߡ

ֱǰУûñǿԼǧɵľ룬ҲʱǰʿӰ٣Ҳǧϡңȴʿ⣬ǰŲǿ壬пȴǿߵĴڣɱ
ģǱɭˣ
ʿɫÿ
ͬһʱ䣬ǿںڽսһ
һûЩʿûȥڴսǿߺޣ̽ʶѰҰټ
ֻǣȻʿʿȴϳǣ˽Ƕݣǿʱ΢΢һ¡
ǡǸˣ
˵ģڲǰУ
ǰһЩӣɱǸղƣңն˰ս˰һʶ
ʿ
죬˲ɵúˣη壬Ҳ±ΪʲôϵҪ֪ɱղƣɱ˰ս˰һʶѾǳ˰ҪɱĵһˣҪǱΪʲôϵǿܻ鷳Щ˿ɲĪԼʲôѡ
СӣЩʿͺˣһĸһ

ôʶɨܣԶ̽Ѱ˵Ϣ
ˣ
ʱһƬռ˲Ƭơ


857 칬
ģȴһ˲쳹˶ߣһֱһƾ
ֻʶһĵ·Ҫʶûһ˲ԶˡƶĿ⣬Աߣ΢񽥽ã
ǰҰеһʿȫסˣãȻͬ˻һ㣬һƬ͡
⡭
ļ¡
ˣ
ʱһɣɭ䣬·ʱճдһ㡣
طʿ޽һ𣬱ãȻøӴˣŲȥ
оʶһҰģˣʶ·Ҫûң岻Ķˣܵʲôǣʼȥ
ԱߣҲˣһ㣬ƶøãȻˡ
ˣ
תл㣬ǣ˶С
ȴûãһ̷·ǲԼ㣬ԼƶңʶҲһģ

֫ƿأֻԽģʶǿת̫ľڳٻѪ⣬ʶһʹḶ́ȱһиѪ⻹Ҫʹ򱶣ȷʽԼʶټģͬʱȷʽ̼ٻ˳ԴƿȨ
̷ǳѣгȥƽȡ
ˣתۼ䣬һʱȥ
ǰƽϸֳһ޴Ĺɭģ֯ŹӺͲɣ·بųһ㣬ͬһͷ޺ڵϡ
Լڶһʱ䣬ʶѾ࣬ҰܹֻԿһۣ͵һ·Ҫ뵽һ㣬ʹܿƵһ̶ɵֱ亹
ˣ
ٴ𣬴ǰĹд
쿴ƽϣܼʿеľ֮һһǰУתۼʧӰ
챾ܵĸоǰĹΣգ꣬һʿУ󲿷ʿѾɥʧʶΪһʬ⡣
ҧѾʶת̫̼Լ񾭡
ܿ죬ƿصǰѾĵšҲʱֱһҫ۵Ľâһͺȼ䣬ֱӽֻͼͬʱһһץԼĴֻͼУǚiٺˡ
һ˳ȥԶͣ壬¶ˮմʪˡ֮ǰԲпķʽ̼ѪʶǣƣǵʹǱȷǻҪܡ΢΢ŴնЩ԰ף˫ֽӡѹڰϣĴעһһڣһһʶ

ͺȵӿע롣
һ𣬶ʱת
ѽүģ
һʱţҲӣǰĹݺ˿Һ
Ȼһһʶûȫģڱ;ҲڼѵĵֻֿûгɹѣˣڷʲôǻǷǳģ˿µõƿȨļ£һ
ÿ£
Ųӵ̫壬Ѿﵽ˴Σɸղȴûܹǣơ
û¾ͺá
Դ
ĳֻͬл㣬Уй֮ܣ̫Զʧȥҡ˵ţ죺˵СаǣƣҪȻǿɵꡣ
ˣ
죬ɭɭģ
һһʱĴֻͼ棬ǽ̵˿һʹһûܵʲôӰ졣
̧ͷǰܼʿӸطľǰĹڡ
춢ɭĵĹֻǵžʮɸߣҲ֪ԺεȲʴɣ˸һĹ⣬ųԿ壬·ͨһ㣬˲ĲУ
ҲڿЩļ£һ˵үһżпо޴󹬵칬
һƾâȻϾƹڼ칬ѰֿŮӵĲл꣬˿ǵǣߵһ޴󹬵ǲ²Ͼƹᵽ칬ʵȻˡ
ǹżϵļأ칬һ˵Ĺ浽аҪǡ˵ţԼ̲סһ£Ǳżϼţ칬ʷϵĻۻʣ
ʲô
⻰Ͱﶼһ
ۻʺǿֿ̧ѹУǰ칬ȻϵĻۻʣ
Բ˵⼫ԹϵǾԵĽÿγֶһˣɨǰ칬칬ﴫǿнɵеУ붼룬칬һǼĺģеʿ飬һܲҡĴɫͰ˵Ͻģ뿪칬Բܿ
ʱǰ칬Ѿû˵ͷһ֪칬Σպܲ꣬ԺͬĻֻͼŰˡ
䣡
ʱǰ칬ڴϤϢ֯˳
ʱ䣬׼ߵһһ
Ҹ磡ҸϢ棡
̲סе
ǰ칬ڴϢȷʵĲУȻԼʶƺ鷳
׼Ѿͷôôףʲôȥ@#˵ƹʲôģѵǿĳֻƯŮ

˵ʲô
ŭ
ɵ÷ۣһӡ
ˣ֣ӦҲܵӰ챻˽ȥǣƣӦҲ档˵ﳯ칬ǽȥ֮һҪ˿⣬ʱ̱ʮֵľ裡
칬ܲ꣬ȥǺڵƽϵޣһΣأȻʱ֪˰УȻߡ
Сӣǲʡģ˵ƹү治ȥ
֣Ĵɫȥ
ô칬ûñǾ޴ĵǰ
ʱѾûУңǣƶʿҲȫ칬ڣһûйͣԶ£ֱӿ칬֮ڡ
ʼһ칬Уʱһɭɭϯʹһһ
ģ䣡
¡


858 бʿ
칬ڵϢı֮ѩԨ»䣬ǿ춼һּĸоƤ񶼲ɵ˳
Сĵ㣡
˵
ȥƬ칬ϵľ޴һƬ谵ҰԿȥԶֻһֱͨǰǳҲɿһֹѪʯɣһۿȥͬѪȾİ㣬һѪʯ·
һûԥֱӳǰȥûñгȥǧɾ롣
үôóٻˣ
ͻȻ˵
ҵҲǣ
ſڡ
һ

Ҳûƽʱǰ˳ˣǱһְ㣬ʵϣոƬ칬˲䣬ȸоֻЩ
ûй⣬ѭ֮ǰӦİϢķǰȥٶȲ죬Ҳ
ɿѪʯ·ϣһɭ֮ߣоǽֵߵ¥һ㡣ĵɭɭģһͷͷվ߶ǣʱп˹ʳ
о쬵ģ
۵
û˵ʲôǰߡ
칬һƬžûãһ߳ȥԶ

ʱطһɷˣѪʯ·ߵĴһ󲿷ֶˣȷҡڣ죬һɹɭȻа˳
һһֻüɵһ漴ǿԱһڣһ˫ѪɫͫâɭɭһѪɷ֯
˵һһɿӿֱӽסקȥ
춯ݣһסһֻ֣漴ֱӽֻͼһУʥ̺֮Ƶ
𣡡
һŭд˲Ϣаøңһ˸һϯңͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˵Хһ˲ʹѪʯ·һɳϢˡ
ۼ׶һʱо˾޴Σգֱɫԥʩչɫ⳯ܿٵ
콫أڵһ˲Ʊ鲼ɳ
𣡡

Ѫʯ·ߣһнǴХɭɭɲ纣ˣҪһжûѹһһԼоͷˡ
ߣ
ٴεһȦâŰǰ塣վطߵн֯а̫ˣǿоʱܱɡ
һ˫ɫ絴ȵĸ
ˣ
ϯѪʯ·ߵĴ򿪵ĸˣŨһ˫һ˫ѪɫĹͫ·𱻹һ۰㣬һͷƤ顣
̲סеСӣϽѪʯ·
ҧһŰһ̽ץסβֱͣʩչصǚi磬ٳǰȥͬһʱ䣬ٴγֻͼԴλУ磬ɳѪɷϢʴ
ٶȷǳ죬תۼǲֿ֪˶ԶѪʯ·û˵û磬û˻ɳֻϡ仹һ׿Х
ۣŲȴǲͣ£Űǰ񱼣ֱֹȥʮ󣬲֮ͣǰĵѾ׿ˡ
үˡ˿Һɨۣһ治֪ʲôҪǳ˵ţɵֺݺݵĶһ¡
áÿ£
ӡ
춼̲סļ£ղЩѪɫֲ̫ͫˣֻ¶Ϣһ־ҪĸоƵĳֻͼӶݡĻĶĳת۾̵ǡ
һ³һǳ˵ߣҵ˺뿪
Ÿ칬ֻڱԵѣͱƵȵزĵƬ칬жô£Բܾҵ󣬱뿪
ûаԥһǰȥúǽѪʯ·ߵ˾ͷ
ȥǰһƬڵĻأһѪɫɽڵƽϣͬһ׳Ĺ߰㡣
칬Ȼɽһû˿⣬ΪⲢûʲôֵþȵģϾһЩطγֹο칬
䣡
ͻȻǰһѪɫɽ֮һ޴ֶ
ʱ¶ϲɫҸ磡
ߣȥ
һǰûñѪɫɽͽǰ
ȥѪɫɽڣ֯УһżӰ档Ӱһì鲼ûа
ȴûռ˿ƣǼӰеĳìѾ⼣߲ȴƺһΰ׹ᴩУƵİһˡ
ȥʲôȻΪİСӱƵǱ
ۡ
ϻ֣

˵ţһǿ˹ȥûаȡɣֱӽֻͼĳǻżθӰѹȥ
ˣ
ǿ£ǹ¹һ֯ķ
ɫ˫ļһӰѹǰ
һִƣһȫʩΪǼӰĺɡ
磬û°ɣ
ӭȥ
ˣŰ˿ҡҡͷ
ѡѡѡ
𶯵촫ɵǵӰվֳֳì
ĶԵúӲгìɭɭһѹһ
Сģⶫ򵥡

ͷȫ֣ͨһѹǰ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ְƬռ佻֯ȥӺһǽǼθӰѹڵأס֫ˣӰھ㽫һƷȥ󣬱컹Ҫš
ģôôСӣնУʲô⣡

ͷһѪڳʩΪӰͷ­ļ˿
һȥºȻһӣ˫ľղ԰ףɫɢһɾ˵Ϣ
һˣԣһˣ
ۡ
ͣ
һ촫ƺǱ˼еԭӵļ屩¶⣬һܼѺۣ漴ֻǹȥѣӱǷˡ
֮ǼҲ飬תۻ
⡭
һЩԾ
Ű׼Сӣôгģ
ôʣͰﶼ
гġҡͷ˵֮ǰѰ޹漴ֱ칬ﴫǣƣһȺʿ칬ս칬ʱһȺżеӰǧң·ıʿ㣬ǣƬ칬ʿ칬ҵʱѾѳƿȨǡɱһбʿ֣Ȼ׷ɱȻ󣬾Ǹղſˡ
ԣ죬һ
˵ĹһȺ
ۡ


859 ۻʵ
ŰĻ˶ǳԾղŵļбʿǿĺܣһ˺ǽ֮סıʿƬ칬ﾹȻһȺʲôһȺʿһ붼룬澳ǿҲᱻ˲ɱ
Ƶط

Ƶط
︽͵
бһһˣԹˣϽģҵ뿪
һ뿪ط칬ЩȥǵĹ㣬ɵʿӦȫǿƬ칬һ·ʱ;ûп棬ӦñǣƵƬ칬һЩĵط
ϣСӱǣ̫߳ԶѾҪȻ鷳칬϶ԽߵԽΣա

û˵ʲôٶȷŵúܿ죬ȥͬʱҲԵ÷ǳ
תۣһʱȥ
ʱǰһĿĵâݺնҪһС
һһ漴¶ϲɫ⵶Ϣ̫ˣġ
ٴ٣תۿ絽ǰȥʮбʿ棬ȻҲǣƣʱսˣȰղǱʮ
ӴȥСӱȰ׼Ҵ˸ްһʮб
ۡ
죬æ

һֱӽֻͼʥϢһʱƵ
Ʋ죬ľˮַ֯һ𣬳ǰѹ¡
ͰҲǵһʱ佫Χɱʮб
䣡
һʱ䣬ӿϣһɹɻϢ
ʮʮбʿȫ˳ȥŵŵźʮԶ
ͷˣлһĨâ˵ͷûж˵ʲôǹ
ѣ
ѣ
ѣ
ײ𣬱һ˵ʮбʿԻӶгìԺƵŨϢ
ȫ
˵
˶֪Щбʿܿ£ҲûбһȺͨ£ķѾţ֮ǽʮбʿݻ١
ЩҲ֪ʲôʶɣ̵ĸһֵǣȴתۻ˻ҽǹŹ֡
档
ʲôʶɵģ뿪ط

⻰ֱӽ˦˸ףԶԶԣ뿪ƵطҪ
£һͷʱ·ȥ
ֻǣǲŸյͷԶ㶼ɫʱ·Ϣ˾žͷʬֳͭꪣѹ˹
ǵٶȲ죬£մȾŲѪˮͬЩбʿӲȴԶȼб£ֻһѹƬռ䶼ŹϢͬǾŵѹ£·Ի
ˣ
Ȼٺˣžͷʬּ̧Ĩɱ漶ǿߣȻǿһҲһС
ȻҲ˾žͷʬĿ£ǳ˳ȥʮԶ
ʲô⣡
䡣
ﬣ
ͭ˻žͷʬϢͬӣҪûһС
һ䣬ٴαƵĺˡ
ɶǴҪ칬ƣ

֮صžͷʬ·Ǿ̫ħɽѹϢӿ
һûа취ֻһˣ칬ƶȥ
@#Ҫȥүǰٷ֮

бܸɵǾŸܺԽǵ
ֱӲ˵ˣΪǾŸȷʵǺܿ£Ϊûе۷ʱȻǲ£ȻУǿʮҲܵס
žͷʬٶȲ죬ϢȴǺƺƵѹ˹еͭꪸǿ£һͷ·ܹС
˰ɡ

һΣԭ治Ƭ칬УҪ̳ȥκľžͷʬѹʱ·ϣѹǣֻˡ
һȫٶߣȾžͷʬٶȺܿ죬úֳ߳ǧԶ
ʱ򣬾ž߹ʬѾǱ˦ȫûӰˡ
ˣԭ·ȥ뿪칬
˵
ȥЩΣ񷵻ȥʱǾͲˣ
ô֪˵Ĳˣү治볯ŵطȥ
룬ðɣǾԡ
£һСߣ߳ǧɺ֮ǰǸλϣž߹ʬͦһֱ֣ӳͭѹ˹ȥңһΣž߹ʬٶñ֮ǰЩһð
ûκԥһ˹Ϻˡ
ʮԼٴνžͷʬ˦
ôǹ⽫ƣ
ĥ
Ҳҧгݣž߹ʬǶȻǳȥ·
ˣΣԭ·أҲܹȥ칬Ѿرˡ⣬ɲԺÿġ˵߰ɣȻԭ·طãǾȥ;ҵȥ·
žͷʬסط·ǻزȥԭشţȻҲûʲô壬糯ȥ
£һСĳ칬ȥ
ǳǰУģ߹ɺ󣬺иõĹִӵصץסĽס
΢΢ݣæץס׵ֱһŲ顣
ص׷һ̶ļУ漴ͬˮһ㷭һ߾߸ʬɭɭӿһȥ
ǣֱ뿪
˵
Щʬ£ȴ٣ϵĴӵصȥ𲻸ɾˣֱ뿪
৵ƿһǰУת۽ʬȺ˦
ʱǰɽ͸֣صңһѪԻ˳ͶһƵѪ⣬ԵЩˡ
ɽͺǰûãһ˱ǽɽ֮ڣɽ亮Ũˡ
˱һ

һ˳ǰУԽǰߣԽ䣬ֹȥʮǰԶһʯ̨
и棡
ӡ
˶ʱһë
ȥʯ̨ͨƣԼԿһߴӰϣض£һļµϢ
һơ
ɫ
ʯ̨һۻǿߣҪǶǶ֣ǻȫģ
ԣ춢ʶҡҷƺʵ壬Ӱ
ô˵һǰʵϣѾĻûдϾһʵĵۻʣ㿿ӦͱˣԷܻ޶ԡ
ү֪ˣӦиۻʼǿԪɿڴˣ˽廯ԼĵڻУȻӰڣ˫ۺЩԵۻʼǿ߽廯Χһĵ̣Ա߾򣬱׼ջ񣡡


860 
ۻʼڸǿϾǸѾʮ޵ʷ֪۷壬ǵȲεͨ쳹֮ܡٶмĴһ廯֮ضо˵ĵ̡
ȵ̲ʵʵĶҲţǶʿȴǹ屦ԳһԵ컯
ߣȥ
˫۷Ź⣬ǸӼ˾Ů㡣
һСǰһ˵ѹǰʯ̨ǹѹȴǷʧˣȡ֮һɺĵ̡
⡭
ڴˣ춼𺳣ȵֻǵ廯ĵۻǿ߲дϢѣȴŨˣ֮ǰڵѰЩǰǿߵۼǿ̫ˣͬնһͬǳһͬɳ
ʱ򣬰ЩȻסˡ
ţϽ򣡵ۻʼǿµ̣ǿǿģ
ߴ١
˵ͷ˫ּ˸⣬һܲ¾»صʯ̨ߡ칬ʱһͷаķסа￿˲Ϣо
Ű˵ͷʾˣ漴ʯͷһϥ¡
ˣ
һʱ䣬âԻе򲨶֯
ת̫ľʯ̨ϱλãת˿˿ƵĽâ
ڵĴųԴǶʿµĵȴųⷴӦϾԴʵʴڵĶֱУǰ˵ĵˣǰ˵ĵֻǸϣҪҪԼȥ
һ棬ԽǿĴڣµĵ̱ԽˣԽúʿܵ϶ãԣʿŻ׷ѰǰǿǵۼС
ˣ
ʯ̨ߣʶɢ׽طдֵ̣
ܵŨâģʶУȲдĵݻԼĴʹüĴøӴ⣬Ҳǿʢ
ʶٴγһƬޱߵɽΰһƵâƬ˸Ĵǿǿ
һǲľݰܺ»
ѭǣʼ׹㣿
ЩãȻ
̫𣬲ľȥڲͣѭƺԤʾţô׹˥ܣܻһա
ʲô˼
⣬޷ȷ
Ĵݻ磬ĴϢϢأƬֵһ򵥻棬ȴôҲס
ʶ֯Ƭռ䣬۳Σ׳ɽ󴨣С
ˣ
ģʵ֮УĽɫø貣âҲøŨ
ԼĵʲôֻԼʯ̨дĵۻʵݻԼĵüĵ׳ɳ
ˣʱˮҴţתۼ䣬¹ȥ
һ죬ĽɫʹâǱŨ㣬漴üļǹâ貣һɾ˵ӿϣֿٱð
һ̣˫ۣӼâ֯ʶһƬǺӡ
أ

µʱ䣬ʯ̨߸ۻʵУȵۻʼݻԼĴãӴڶ졣
վ΢΢壬ʱ䴫һͬƶеâҲһѪɫ绡֯һɾ˵Ĵ
ܺã
˫֣оԼǿ󣬱֮ǰǿ˲ֹһ
Աߣ˺Դ֮Уĵâǿʢ
ûټߵһΪһ
ܿ죬չȥ
һ죬âӿڶ졣˷ܣһȴûкУƽϢϢĴųԱߡ
ˬ죡
Ц
ûдֻǰվţǰ
ܿ죬չȥͻƣһС̨ףǵٵڶ죬ѪøʢøŨʵ˲١
ѽ
ЦһƬ칬УȻеۻʵ̹ǲУ˵һջ
һطͣ£ɨܡ
ʱǲǿԷȥˣҪԣ
˵
ҡͷ˰ɣûԵıҪǾžͷʬһٴγ֡
ɵ÷ۣҲ֪˵Էǳ󣬻˵һˡ
߰ɣһѰҳ·˳Ѱڳһҩ
գ۾
죬棬
˵ۻʵ̵ıˣʼЩˡ
칬оȻѰܻųȥ͸ллˡ
ĸΡ
Ʋ죺ˣ˼Ҫϣ̫ۣӰ켺˵ġ
ʱ˵ĻͦеҲ
ˣ߰ɡ
˵
ط϶Ǿž߹ʬţµĺܣֻȥֻǰеĹܹҵͨ·

紵ţѪºʣͶһѪâԵЩˡ
һСߣһǰһ̽ѰʩչֶΣѰпͨ칬ĵ·
ˣһ۱ʱȥǳ칬˺Զľ롣
ʱǰǿʢܲ֯һľʡ
ǡ
΢΢ۣȲȴľôôϤ
Ҳ΢΢ݣȻҲǸоϤϢ
һûжǰȥúһӺбԵúǱһѪ֯䣬һľԻ;ˡֻǣбȴ㲻ʲô˳ìбһɲǼǷС
٣˰

ҲһЦӲǱˣǵвԨ֮ǰǵԴӶݣˣٴμˡ
ʱ򣬶ԨȻҲǱǣƵƬ칬УбΧɱ
ﬣ
䣡
ǰìܽ֯Ԩһˣβ㱻ޱǱ
һһߣŰǰһϷı顣
ԨһսµļбûⴴͣѪ֮󣬴ŹȥʮԨһһˡ
ǣ
¶ݣ漴ɫһƬ࣬ȻлһĨɭȻ⡣
ವһƶΣֱһ˳бʿһɱ׷ϣ˳ìǳŨϢǿԹᴩ¼
Ӵȥбһùյġ
ۡ


861 κţ
Ԩ˲ˣٶȴҲǲбʿһһˣдɭȻ֮ɫҲЩбֶΣζܲ
ವһתۼʮԶˡ
ЦӭŶԨ˿Ҳ⣬ŲһαǳڶԷǰ
ѾԹˣζȷʵ
˵ţֱһȭӳ
ˣ
ɫȭͷѹգҪж飬ǵȰĶԨɫоϴһսʱӿˡ
㡭
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬һȭûа飬ȭâ佻֯ĴһȭԨ򱬣ͬԷҲһɹ⡣
Ϊϴ죬ʵ˾޴ټ϶Ԩ˲ˣˣȻһȭɱ˶Է
СӣԽԽ̬ˣ
󷽣˵
ǣ
ͬС
ʱ֮صбʿɱ˽ǰìɭȻ
粽ϣûκȡɣչֻͼֱһֻɫȭͷӭϡ
ˣ
һȭ£𶯣һбеĳìѳ֣һץסìβˣֱӽìбüģʹ͵һը
б鿪еĳìҲһѣֻǣȴǲûʲôˣֱӺɨбɣһһ䳤ì˹һֶȺᴩбüļ䣬תۼɢ
ʱ䣬ð
ȭս⣬Ҫ֪֮ǰڴڶʱԸȼбҪķȫУԸȴɶˡ


һЦǰ߰ɡ
նɱԨбⲻǸСѣһٴγȥ
תۼ䣬һʱȻš
·ﰡ
ֹһ·ɢʶʩչ۷״̬ȴʼղҵȥ·
ѵֻŲͨ棿
ɡ
룬ֲɵҡͷǲǣڶǾžͷʬĿǰԶԸˣǿײǿ߶Ҫޡ
ʱû̫ѡҪôԭأҪôȥԭػȫһЩһãпܺΣգٻϣ
Ƭ칬ھĵģһ˳תۼ˼Զ롣
ʱеԽӵǿһЩˮ˷ǰ
һжݣСģٶȷŵԿЩתۿɡ
ȥǰһ޴ţȫʯɣһֲɣϢҲ֪˶áԵͷʯƣһӿڣˮԴѪɫʱʱһˣն΢΢ЩŤ
һ˽΢΢ɫʯŴԼǧɳµѪɫˮ˸ļ£оǿԽһжڵƵġ
ԼǵƮĶүͻȻ뵽κźӡ
˿Һ
ӹС˵Ҳ뵽ˣء
죬棺
Ի·̫ת˰ɣ䴫ԣйŹأŹغ߻Ȫ·Ȫ·ʢһ滨˰֮󣬽б˰ĻȪ·ߵͷԼ֮κţ֮԰̨㿴ô·ϿûлҲûʲǫ̂
Ρ
ûһЩ鴫𣬳ƵĳЩڻݻСȻȫЩϻơǽ칬ţŹأһ··ǷɳȪ·ڣʯźѪɫ󴨣ʹеκҲơ˵ţָʯŶһǳ۵ĵطСиʯ̨㿴Ǹ̨
̧ͷȥʯŶĽ䴦һʯ̨ۣܲȴҲɢһبųϢ
⡭
ʯ̨ʯź·Ѫɫ󴨣ͻȻе㷸ֹ
Ҳ΢΢üв֮ɫ
һ˶ʯţһʱ䶼ûκζ
ܿ죬ʮȥ΢΢ҧҧʲôԣǹȥ
ȥۣԵЩɵСӣðɣȻĲʲôκźӣǡȴԲʲôƵأ
ô죿һֱߣ

ſڣһʱ治֪˵ʲôطܣû壬ȥ̫ΣգǼͷ۵¡
ˣȥ͹ȥүʲôûоһʯŲɣ
ҧ
һСĵʯűߡ
ܿ죬ʯţʱ䣬һɿ͵𣬴һɶĵĸζ㽫һȫƷȥ
ʦ

ʱ򣬽ʯţһľʯϽ֯Ϣ̫ˣһʱ䳤ʶ㣬һ˲ɵö¡
Ƕ˶̤ʯţŶȥ
ʯϣŵʯȥͨȴǳӲΪצӺݺݵ£Ȼһۼû
СãҪκţǴġ
С
ҲǴ档ۣŵҪ˵Ǵδ๫Ǵģ٣ң
ſ뷴󣬺Щ
磬١
Сֹ͵һۡ
ͷ϶ʱðߣʲô˼
ʯʣһ˼ǰУת۱ǽʯ߹һ롣
ʱ¡֮µѪɫ󴨷һˣŴ̱ǵĸζⲢҪģҪǣһ˾˳žһԹ飬ޣĿϢ졣
һ˽Ǵ󾪣ͨ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʯ¾ǿĴˣԹ˻һˡԹ˳УȻֻצһץסβֱͣϳʯŵķΧ漴Թ볯ȥһ񣬿ֲˡ
ɫһʱֻͼ֮֯ǰ
ҲһͷͷԹ飬ͬʱץסֻצ
ǻۼ׵һֱβͣһ̳µצؿڡ
´Թ飬ɵС׳ʿдβǴˣ
ЩĻʱһܻı飺@#
â˸ϵβ˲ֱӳйһĻӴгܼԹ飬˲һƬ
¡
󴨷ڣԹˡ


862 
˹죬ԹʯµĴг࣬ޣһЩδ壬ĿϢŨĺˡ
¡¡ģƬռҵƺһ̾ҪֱӸı̮
ߣ嵽ȥ
ͺȡ
ЩԹԴԴĴӴڳԭصֵȥὫǸû
Ȼһ㣬Խͨ𣬴һֻֻԹ飬糯ʯŶȥתۼǿʣµŶΣڶ԰
𣡡
ܼԹ˻Ŀȴ޷󴨵ķΧȫ档
Щ£Ĵ󴨷ϣһľ
£
ӡ
ЩԹ飬һһ㲻ʲôǾۼһЩֲˣһ֯ŵԹԽһжʴ
ЩԹЩˬһ˦˲ϢĥƬ
߹ʯŶ棬øЩŲԶһʯ̨Ų˹ȥʯ̨ߡ
ⶫ̨˵վ̨ϣֱӿˡ
ֹһ㣬ѾҺܾˣЩ
ô˵ҲԶݣϦҲֿмˣеѩҹƣҲǷǳ
֮󣬵ûȥˡ

ͻȻһͺ𣺡ʲô
챻£عͼŰɫںڵģںȳΪӲʯ̨ȥˡ

ҲЩԣط칬ʯ̨ʯŶ԰ԱʲôҲûУָʲôĶأѾͷͲΣ
ЩգȿȣСѾͷͦأҲͦʵġ
һ˶ܹȥͼŰЩʧƲ죺ٵģʲô
˵ţһԾ
û£ҲǷ
ֻǺʹеĵƶѣ棬߰ɣǰȥ
˵
󴨹Թ黹˻Ҫɱϧȴ޷˳һʱûط԰һСĳȥ
ʯĿһ߸ҪһЩƷʱпѹǰһɽڴϣɽΰ׳ʯ۱鲼
һͷͷնɱڵء
漴ֱӴ˸Լ˵Ȼһ
ע⵽ʵôˣ
ûʲô
ҡͷת۱Ǳƽ
ŹֵɨһۣҲû˵ʲô
һ˼ǰߣû߳˼ԶеĺŨˣҲʱǰкŨѪζһǶݡ
ǶһۣԷŵĿЩܿɣһʬڵϣ״Щңһ˳ìֱӹᴩüģͫ׻Բš
ȥû̫ãе򲨶֯ڿС

һӵʬǰӦǴڴһѪҺͻԽ
˵ӦƿȨȴûӹЩбʿ׷ɱ
켸˽ԵͷȻͬ˵㣬Ͼ֮ǰѾǼ󱻼б׷ɱĳңᴩüĵĳìЩбı־һ۾ϳ
Ǳ߻С
С
̧ͷԶ⼸ʬ壬Ǳᴩ࣬Ǳ̴еı˺Ϊ룬ѪˮȾ˵رȥЩ˴Ŀġ
ЩʬΧǽ֯еĵ򲨶ȻǰǴǿߡ
˵ʿȻ̫ǿҲԲطȴͬϰ㲻
̾
û˵ʲôطȷʵܿ£Ĵ̺ΣһаﶼǼΪֲ
߰ɣСЩ
˵
ү治ˣʲôƵط
ĥȴĴȥΪǰУǿԶҲȥᱻƬ칬
ǰߣеŨˣһɽ䣬ŵһ㣬һ˸һʵζŨЩˣҼһɰܣʹǻë׶Ҫչ˰㡣һѭҩѰȥúһСӣмһϲݣܱ
ʱѰеŨˣǴ˵еһ㣬ʹһһֽҪϼĸоȴǵүģôŨζүΪһҩˣԭù
ݡ

ûǸݣֲ֣ݣɫɢ㣬ʹʿ׳ȴ׳ͬʱʴѪ⣬Ⱦ׳꣬ʹѪ֮Ҳ޷ؾۣ˲˹ģ
׸ˣҲΪҩˡ
Ʋ졣
Աߣǽ֯â¶ϲı顣
ã
˵ֱֳ̧Ÿץȥ
ۣһץסСˣһʿѪֱ֮ӾͻḯʴѪ⣬뱻ڵɣ˵ˣȡʲô
Ҳƫͷ졣͹żмأݿһ־綾ݣۻ֮ʿǶǶ侴Զ֮
ģûµģȡȻãã

ϲɫн֯һƣץסֱ˿֮ȡмص·ӡǶʯ֮С
¶ɫ治ȫȸݵѪô˵ţЩɻ죺˵Сȡʲôã


ƿҩҩ䣬һ־˵񵤣ҩҪݣ
ⸯݶ¼ʿûʲôã˶뿿ȴǷǳû뵽Ȼطõһ꣬˵һڲ׵ջΪⸯΪҩ񵤣Чĺ׿ޱˡ
ʲô㻹
죬һʳ⡣
һЦû˵ԼΪʲôֻǼ˵ֱЧãһ˲ʹüսٶȣʶȸʵʮңûκθãȻЧֻʱԵģ֧Űʱҵʱ䡣
ԣһɫ
Բ˫ۣСӣ˵ģ
ġͷŵĿǰҩˮ׼޷ƳǵٵôﵽƷҩʦ۷ˮ׼ſԡʮҩʦǿ·ΪŸΣֱһƷǴƷҩʦΡ
Ļ϶һһ̲סԾɫһٱ䡣Ҫ֪н˲ʿʵıкü֣ҩЧȥȴŸصĸã˿ᵽıȴȫʵҲǼΪˣ˲ʹʵԱʮʵ̫ˣ


863 
һľ죬ֱЧסˣ˲øʵʮκһ˿ĸãʵ̫ǿˡ
Ͻ޵Ʒҩʦ۷Σֱָүʮöö
˫۷Ź⣬񵤣һЩؼʱֱǾԵĴɱ
бһۣô˵ٰʮö˵ֻһ긯ݶѣҪ⴦ҩöֱ㻹ʮöö
ô٣
еۡ
Ϊʲôٹȵ𣿻

ſڣ漴Ȼ˷ۡһ룬ıЧôˣûκһ˿ĸãƻǺ

ƬɽȺУһľʱңʱ΢һɳ
һ뿪ƿƬСӣСĴܣȥ
ûãٴμʬ壬ڵϣ٣ʮ֮࣬״Ǻҡ
ܹǵģǲ֮ˣϧȴ
̾
˶ͬУȴ˵ʲôֻǰԵ˵ͷ
ȾŲѪˮһǰߣеøŨЩкǰƮ̵ĺʹһɵһ
߳ǧɺǰһϿϿʮңɫͬһ䷭ӿȡ·ȥϿվӰǸżУ֮ǰЩбһ޶ˡ
ʱ䣬һɫ
ⶫôࣿ
һ˱סˣϿļбΣҲΣڰϣ
ôļбҪǺһֱԵ߸ˣΪϿУǷо͸żΪֲϢļбǿߣ
ͬһʱ䣬ڴϿ￴ʿڱһƺƶϣ漴潥ǣһļб
ģʿү֮ǰ칬⿴⡭ڱǣƵǿл˼б⡭ЩбѵǼɶûɣǰɵ飬ȫﻯЩб
ļ¡
ҲǱɫĲ²ȻûаƬ칬ļбɵЩʿɡ
ʱ䣬ָϿϿЩĵطǡ
˳Űָķȥʱ嶼һ¡ǴϿһ޴ĵ̨罻֯һʯ飬֯Ż񵽼ϢبŲԲԣ˵жôƾԶϿӡ׭ġ
оԼԴǱʲôݺݵ£˵죬ſںֻ³Υۣҡ
һʯ飬Ȼš֣֣κ˶ԶİǿǵƹĶ
ҲסˣһǶ˻һ
⡭
ſڽ࣬⡱˺ðû³һĻ
ʱһֻоǱһ̹ˮͷ˽ţоĿа
֡Сӣүã⡭ﲻܴ³Ƭ칬ҲҲƬϿ
ݺݵ˿Һ
ʵϣҲûкõȥʱ಻ھ
֮ǰʯţκźʱʲôϾֻƶѣʱһӿĵطһʯһ̨ϣĿš֣ͷƤˡ
ߣ
ڵСĺˣʱĸоŨŨĲꡣ
СĵĴųԱߣҲһ䱸ƶ
ʱϿ֮ڣӿϡ
ವƿ𣬴Ͽмб˹ƵϢֳìѹһ
ѽ
ɵһ£ӣΪӴϿгļбɲֹһй٣ͬһѹ˹ҪݻٵһС
ȭӳһ貵ȭâݿ࣬ǰļбˣһĳʱ·ȥ
ص֮ǰʱƬɽȺҸεطȫϢ
˵
ﬣ
ʱǰƬռ䶼žͷʬǰһ߹ʬӶͭꪣء
һļ£ܺˡ
ģŸ˵ôǳң֮ǰţط

ѵ첻ͣصһȺб׷ɱתۼǽһΧм䣬Ϣ㽫һƷ˳ȥ
׷ɱӶеĳì򵥶ֱӣĹһ
ҧһͺȣӶɫȭȫһȭѹ¡
ˣ
һǰһȺбһĺɣʮԶ
ǿ£ͬʱ򣬽ʮб֣ڵء
ǲ׾ǿֶΣӭΧɱļб

һһ߼е򣬳ſʮб
漴һȫƵ⽣ӰƬռݺӴ
ʱļб̫ˣɱǿߣʲô
ﬣ
̶Х𣬾žͷʬһѹϣŸͭı䣬ܱ޻⼣߲ȴǿֲ˼㡣
һļ£Ӳ飬ֻٶܣܿȹɱ
ž߹ʬͣɱպͭٴ¡
һ˸Գ𲻷һ
ǶͳٻҪȻƬ̼ܻɱȫ
һ¡
ʵž߹ʬǳ£Ϊ̫ҹɱ£ǿߣҲ˶á
Ȼ֪һ㣬һֻ̽ͼɨٽǰļбһαܿһͷʬһꪡֻǣܱܿˣȴҲǸо˰أһҲö
𣡡
ʱ𣬴ϿеӿˣһɿӰ˳
ӰмУͷֻҺɫͬݲһ㣬˫ĿݣǾûпһһԿȳһѪ
ʥ
һɫ䡣
ҲǴ󾪣ӱˡ
ʥǿǴ˵еĹǿߣңԶһǿǿΪһʥϾǱɣ콫ʯеǸħųҲǲܵסԷʵֲ̫ˡ
ɿӰͷϿݷ٣ݵ˫Ŀûаɣͬǿһ㣬һǺӷš
һˣ壬ȴûãһαĺɣڿѪ˲鲼Ѻۡ


864 ʯ
ѪˮڿУһԵޱǱɳȥԶǿסΣתž޸
䣡
ʱռǵɿӰĸˣһѹ˹ڱ˸졣
һʱ䣬һĲ亹ֱǿǲķ
Сӣ죡ڵСһ﷢⣬ֻСһܰˣ
е
ûԥֱʶԴԱߵСһ
Сһƽռ䶼εĳ˯УʶСһ˹һѽ񵰱ȫ
ˣ
һʱ䣬֮͸ɢ̼佻֯ڡ
ʱӭʥĸɿӰݺһǼʲôޱȿµĶ㣬ֱӴӿͬһʱ䣬ΧɱһļбǾžͷʬɪɪˣһ߹ʬеͭꪶˡ
ۣܾСһܲһ㣬ܹﵽǣȴҲû뵽˿£ôţ
ͰҲȣǲ죬Ϊ֮ǰ֪СһĴڡ
ȻҲ𾪣ʱȻû̫𾪵ʱ䣬һ˲ǿ֮ģͺȵߣ
Сһܲ򵥣ɢϢúܶǿ־ɵ˵ȴֻηϢѣʱǹʥһеĳ˺ǣΪСһﻹûڵչֳʵս
ȻǴпȶߡ
ǵٶȺܿ죬һת۱˦ɿӰ;ž߹ʬȣгԶ
ʱ칬ͻȻһɾֲϢͬһɽ˰㣬ʹ칬Ͽĵ̨ϣǿӡš׭ʯһɹ˵
ɡ
Լ䣬һޱʵдĲ񷶼΢΢ҡ
һ̣¡һ죬ʯεضɲ֮ϣǸɿӰž߹ʬһڼбǲͬ˰㳯񷶥Ĥݡ
⡭
ˣ
ܣ
һȫɫ䣬û뵽Ȼӵ̨ϳ
ϣʯѺۣʯƤգ䣬¶һڹ˸Ĺ飬ƣӡһϸСĹ׭壬ǽ֯ɭɭĹ⡣
¡һڹҫۣڤƺƵӲ¡

̶ѣռѣ磬ɭɭڹҪһС
ֻһ˲䣬ڵ΢СһɢĹֱϨˡ
Сһģ
ɫ
˼룬һ̱ǺݺһܵĿռȫˣʹָԶһ£˵Ҳͬһ޶
һ̣ͨ巢Ų񷣬ֻѹ

оŭӣȴ޿κΣɢϢֱӷסһС
䣡
ʱͻȻ䣬Ƭ칬ٴξҵһɿֲϢ֡
һ칬һֱˣһʯ׳˳ƺǴɱ룬ɢϢ˿Ҳݺײ֮ϡ
һɣײԶһɽٵɽ
ľ𺳣һܶˣٺˣֱ˳ȥԶ󷽲ͣͷȥ
ʲôһڡײģ
ļ¡
ȥʯײûʲôĵطƽһȴǰʹ֮ϣܵճһ޴ĺڶ·ͨյ㣬ɿռ䣬ɿ߶̵ˣֲ˼㡣
⡭
𺳣ʯ׵סˣֱ͵һС
ȻҲļ£Ȼ
Ѿſͷקһͷһ̣ǺЩݣŲϵǿʯףôе죿
ʯ׺ʲ񷣬֮ɵء
䣡
칬ײɵ³Ϲ˸֯ĹŨˡ
һ񡭡
һд߽ͬ
漴һޱҫ۵Ĺ⣬ֱӳʯ׳ȥ
ʯ𶯣Ϻڶ鲼УͰԵĳ
ɲǼ䣬ߺݺײһ

ֻ˲Ϣ칬Ĳ̮⣬⣬ǹ⣬ֹâȫ˳Ƭռֱ
𿪣ĹⱩǣʯڹһγŶԷϡ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
߲ͣײԻ١
һȻźԶҲоҪѿ˰㣬һľĸоԥٴγԶˣתۼֳԶ
ǿʯסʲôڡںײԺ䣿
Ƕʶ
ձָܻͨܿԭ״ڡԻָˣҡڳԭʼת⡭
һ˷㶺ȻǰһĻȫסˡ
䣡
ǰʯ׶߷·޵Уͣײò飬ĴرѣĲڲϵÿһ䡣
һʯױɣײ鲻Զһɽ뵽С
ֻǣⲻ˲ѣһ̣ʯޣֱ˳ѹ䣬Ľ˵صס

ѿĹ񱩣ͬ˰㣬¡
ʯ׼ֱӣƵײϣһڶһɫѷ졣
ֱǡ
˵е챦Ҳ˰ɣ
⡭Ǻεȳ̶ȵһˣ
һ
ʱǲòٴκˣʵǿʯ׺ײ̫ڿֲˣɵĺµ㣬ʱƬռȫٵˣûлָȥһƬռ䣬ʲôˡ
ˣ
ٴη⣬ϵĹƺ˰㣬չ˳ͬһ㷢ײᴩգ㣬ֱʯ׸
䣡
Ĺڳڱ˸죬ʯȫûС
һһʯף
ˣ
ҡһϢӿ𣬺š
漴ɲǼѣûʯ׵ĺȫɢʯϵҲǽڽڱ飬תɢ
֨ѽ
һʯ𶯣׸ƿһǣй֯һ㣬һĵӿֱֳӽ֣ѹա
𶯣ٴʯף㽫ʯ׸Ʒ
֨ѽ
ʯ΢һη׸ٴγԱƶһ㣬иµӿͬԴһû
Լ䣬͸ǹ׸ƿһǷ϶һ˿ⷭһʯ׺УһҲ
⡭
ľʯ澹Ȼһʯף
үģ˵ôЩ죡ͷͻȻһܻı飺費үʮǰ߷ɵǿʯײ𣿣@#


865 Ѫ
Ļһ߷ɹʯף
˶٣Ƕݣڵʱȷʵ˵£Ƶڵһʯף򿪺ǵڶڹײģ򿪵ڶڹײĺǵڹײģ򿪵ڹײĺǵĿڹײģֱӸ߷ˡ
㵱߷ɵʯף
ѵõĵۡ
үôǴôôأ
С
ԱߣȻеĻɵø¶ɫѰڹײģ󣬾Ȼ֮߷ˣ
С㣬ʯװٷ֮ٿ׵ۻʼǿߣ㵱Ȼ߷ˣǰôΪ𣿣
ĲУѾͷү㲻ǰɣ˵ţ̲סǰǿʯףһںʹı顣ȥڹײļֱһŵ𣬻£Ƽֱţһ·ǿ㣬һףȻƷ߷ˡ
䣡
ǰʯµɽ鷭ȫУȻ뽫֮ٵǵȿֲǿԵߵʱգֱӷС
棬ʹˣ@#أʱ֮񰡣үɣүعȥү֤һ׺úõ
죬棺
䣡
׹ƵգƬսˣռҲûлָǿʯ޾ȫ֣ʹȫ˻֮
һ֨ѽʯķ϶ѿ󣬹ٴοӿ
Ҷ䣬ϵĹƲ𣬿ӡϵС׭ҲһϵķķɳʯĹɢ
ﬣ
ϷɳС׭ͬһɱ񽣰㣬âҫۣǿʯס
͵صƬѾشĿռٴα飬Żת
һĻֲ㣬ԶһٴĲ
ۻʼսҲûôŰɣ
ӡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
С׭Хܼ꣬㣬ţʯװУ£ƺҪ֮ᴩʯײͣ
ʯ׵ļ̳ǿܼܵС׭һɱûļһǻ֮Գ͵졣
ͫ˸ǿʯףȥֻͨʯͷѣǡ
ȷʵͨʯͷ
Ҳͷоâ𺳡ʱһ˶ǰʯסˣǿãǿʯ׵ĲĺͨȴǼ̵ƺˣҲبų档
ˣ
һ죬ʯױ𿪣ٴײС
С׭׷ȥɱ
һеأʯٴγѿһǷ϶Уڶڹײƿһǣ¶еĵʯףһģһ
һʱ䣬ֲϢƬ칬ҡҷزϱѡ
ţʯףקͷֻŭ໵İеүģүʱʲôûзǼ򵥵ʯײģ@#ǹˣү𣿣
챻ͷͷƤһʹɵһѽͷץ
ˣʲô㻹еʲôʱҪĳ类ɻˣܻڣ

һ£漴ֺҲүĺã
죺
С漴ſڣСֹͻȻ뵽㵱һţɳеʶӣ᲻ᱨ㣿
ûιȥ@#
䣡
ǰʯеĵڶʯ׵Ĺ׸Ǵһǣӿӿϣĵʯ״򿪣¶ĿʯףֲƵء



һƬյճһѷ죬칬ĴҲűѿķ϶ӿ
һ˸ٴγԶȥһ˳ȥɶԶ
ҲʱһɾĿֲϢʯڣĿʯ׵Ĺ׸ƿˣ澹ҲһʯףΨһĲͬǣʯױаƴСһ̯Ѫ
̲ѪƺǲŸողµģ΢΢ζ֯һԡ
⡭
ʯױعҲʮϣһ̯Ѫụ̂
˭Ѫʱ䳤бôò̸ɿݣ
һȻ
ǰһĻĻ̫ˣ˼
䣡
ǰʯУ̯ѪˮӤưѴСһ̯ѪҺҲʮңһ̣һ̯ѪȴǾֱɳ仯һյѪƺƵĳֶ£ֱӽ֮ûС
һһĻŵľ궼˳
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
Ѫûأռ类ʼ𶯡
ֻǣѪ̫ڿ£ӿĥС
䣡
ʯٴ𶯣ƺҪݻ٣ֲĳȥ
ǸطռĻ綼ûˣʲôûʣ£һƬǡ
ĺٴκˡ
ʯסʲô
ǸǴ˵еǵƹĶ⡭
ڴ˵Сڣһʯסٵ
һֿԶͣ£
ʱǰһĻʵ̫ھˣ̫ˣһʯײѣݻٶԷ£˵ȥ˭ţ
ˣ
սУããѪ֣ʱĹ⡣
ȥһ飬ʱзһҳԻܼĹ׭ģ׭̫غͻɬˣȻֶ
⡭ʲôʱ֣
һ𺳡
ﬣ
һҳøֲˣĹ׭ķ˳ͬһͷͷ𶯳գſ֮ûããѪնϳǿʯѹȥ
ʯ׶׸ѿķ϶ˣֹâѹ׭ġ
ңͬһʱ䣬ſѪըѪ꣬ƬϿ£ѪƺһƵ˸˳
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һ޿ƥеϿڣܼļбƬƬըֻתۼѱ㱻˴룬ǾžͷʬǳʥȻҲѣѪȫ١ңϿ޴̨ڵһʱ̮µѪᴩѣ漴һɻңɢؼ䡣
ʱռӿŵϢֱ˥ȥ칬֮˲Ϊ֮󽵡
䣡
ϣһĹʢԼ䣬һ޵ŭ˳
һˣ칬Ͳ֮ϣɵ
ôãʯѪǳ칬ܼбȥģǳų̨ȥģ
ӵ


866 ͨ·
Ű˽Զһ£ʯ׻ƣ
žͲʲôöȻҲӦõģ

칬Ϊĺģĵ̨칬ĺģÿһʱ޾УŪǵȼбȻΪƶϣԵЩаˣͬɭĻĴ֡
Աߣ涼ͷ˵ͬͬС
Ψһں޺ʹĶǿʯףһ뽫̵֮ģ
䣡
ǰĹʢˣٴηҳи˵׭ķɳÿһ׭Ķ·һڻԪ챦㳯ʯѹȥ
ʯһ̼죬ӹб֮ͬϵ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ɳȥƬѪΪʮŵѪҺ˲Ϣƿռ䣬ѹ˹
ˣ
ʮŵѪҺڷ⣬ÿһѪҺӵԣһ˲˸ݣʹŵҲ¶ɫ
ʮƬ磡
𺳵
оâĶǰʮŵѪҺ˵жôǿֻµѪѣǵô겻̣һܸĴ
áÿ£
˿Һ
䣡
ʮŵѪҺ΢΢ʮŵѪ˸Ǹ죬¡¡ѹȥ
ٴηһҳ𶯳âһڤ˰㣬һĥУʮŵѪҺԭΣĹ⽫ȫ֣һϵ׭ķ˳ȥѹ£ҪʮŵѪҺ׵
֨ѽ
һ촫ʯڵĵĿʯУʯ𶯣ƿһǡ
ʱ䣬¡һ죬һƬʹâɳֻɫȴֲޱȣͬʱĹâУ׭ȫ顣
Լ䣬һǿʯףһֻţʯڣʵĹâһʯףһҲ
⡭ףףףףʲô
ۡ
ӹ߷ȻĵүΪ߷ɵģ˵ţֵүֻǴ򿪵Ŀʯףûٿˡ
£̲סݺĥĥ
бһۣû⣬ʱĶǰ
ˣ
ʯڣʯѿǵȲҪһжɵء
Ϣ£΢΢ȴҲֻһɲǶѣһ̣һηҳĹǿʢ˼֡
䣡
˳ȥ޾âʯ׺ݺײһ
һʱ䣬Ƭ칬ٴ𶯣ѿķ϶ˣͬ֩һ㣬ɿĳӿȥһɽߵײ֮»Զķĩ
춯ɷһҳһ鼮ۣʱ˵ҳһɻصϢ֯һʯɡ
ÿһҳͻǿʢࡣ

ͷȷʵˣÿҪвʯʱͻᷭµһҳ
ʹ˵ǿʯҲǲ࣬ÿһʯףͻɱǡ
˵
Աߣŵͷ漴СֹŻкܶҳӣ֪ʯ浽жٿƵĹײģҪǲ˿ô졣
ﻹȥ롣
䣡
ʯױɣâ󷭹칬һҪ򷭵Ƶġ
һѾ˳ȥ˺Զ˿칬һһǽŸȣǱ˰㣬һӶɳȥ˰Զ¶ļµı顣
ڸԶһЩĵطս壬ǰ
֨ѽ
ʯױ𿪣Ĺ׸ƶʹ¶ķ϶
̼䣬¡һ죬һƬĴ类˰㣬ӿֱѹҲ칬պʹرѵĸ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮŵѪҺ⣬ʼ䣬һ鵭ĻӰԻ˳ģȴɢصƣͬ۸һȭ
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ضѿˣ칬ͬ˳һ㣬Ѻ۷ɢɽȫ̮ԶŶζ󵱳ķѡ
Եһȭ޵еһȭ
һҵĺɣԼǷһմĴֱӱУûԻ
һʱ䣬һļ£˲Ƥ˳鲼亹
Слꡭ
ʲôˣȥֻһȱĲٲȱĲл̬꣬ȴʵ̫̫ˣȻһȭ佫УѵָоѺۡ
䣡
ϣӰ鵭ǣ칬Ϊĳֲ
ϣ·񣬷ɣڲ΢΢ƫͷ˵֮
ʱһһо궼Ҫˡ
СС㣬ǲǷˣʯܳ㵱߷ǿʯףǲҪˣ
Ųӵ
@#ѾͷҪү⡭أ
Ҳû֮ǰǵȻںʹı飬Ǿ֮ɫ
ҲļȻһӰǰ׵øжôֲҪѹƾϾ˶Ȳǡ

ϴ𶯣һѿĹʢ˳ϴһԵѺۣ׭ĶһЩ
˸ӾˣǺݺݵ˿ҺȻ֪ǲ䴫˵еȴǼʶĿֲƣɻһֲ̣ȴȻǱһ鵭лһȭѺۣ
䣡
ϣ⣬Ĺ˸Ѻ˲ʧϵ׭ĸˣÿһ׭Ķɱ⣬̼ĥУһ񡭡񡭡϶߽ͬǽ֯ĻϢȴ֮ǰֲ򱶡
Ӱ鵭ޱȣȴ˫£һǳǰһȭһʱ䣬⣬⣬ƶֹâͬʱէֶ
䣡
칬𣬲̮顣
һ޵еȭֱӣȴԵĹ⣬һνС
ӰϣʮŵѪϣһһֱӳС
漴˵һдƺս
ˣ
ʯ𶯣ŶˣŻӰ޼䡣
ʱʯףӰȫʧӰ
ȻӰ֮ǰȭȴɢƬ칬Ƶʹ칬ھҵ𶯣ʹòڲ̮ͣһʱԻָҲͬǷ˳㣬ϱѣԴԴϵг˳

һ칬øӻ谵޹ˣƺҪٵ˰㣬Ȼû׽ٵ䣬ȴǱʱĳֲ֪˶ٱ
ľ칬̮ˣȫᱻģ

һ촫ǰ칬ĴͻȻƿһ޴Ŀй⽻֯档Լ䣬һ˸ɽʹ󴨡
ǵв
е


867 ɸ
칬ƿһȥ·һɽһ֯Ϊ̫ԶĹϵԵúСһȴɿԿ壬칬֮⣬ǵвһǡ
ߣ

䣬һ˳ȥһ
һȻûԥǷɿĳ˹ȥ
¡
칬𣬲̮زϱѣض³״ֲ̬ȫһĩ֮
ֲ֮ǰ壬ٶȼ죬һӰʮû뵽ǿڡ
ವһһǴǿһʱ䣬ֱӱҲ±ù
ܳˣ
ﾪϲ
·ȥ۵ףһƮڿУºͣܵ㣬Ҳ칬ǰɭȻ谵ˣʹһ̹ͨʮ
䣡
Ϣ֯ϣһƬ޴ļУ˿ھҲٵط̮һڹ䣬һ㳯ŵ׹¡
ʼͶµͬʱƬɭɭΪزлȭ߽⣬пµڹֹסĽ俪ȥ
ܣ

ڹǺֲܿҪǱˣ㲻Ҳö
һʱ䣬һƶһ׹µڹ⣬һ߳·ȥ



ڹһѿռ֯Եúǿֲ
ң·ԼԿһЩɽҲڹˣһ̮һЩڹ룬һ˲㱻

ҽԼ䴫𣬵ڵʿȻȫɵ˼УʱһЩΪԭûб뼫ڵʿ˴ѣڹУǴǿҲסɲǼǱ˷ɻҡ
Ƭˣ֮ǰͬڡҪΣ
⡭Ƭ𣿣
ȵȡƬڡ̮
ʿ֡
䣡
Ͽգ𶯣Կط飬ڹⲻ£дĲк׹䣬ҵĴռ𣬿ֲˡ
أ
С
ٶȶܿ죬ڹƶܿһ֮⡣



ղͣѿһ޴϶
Щ϶䣬һЩ⽻֯һЩӿһЩƽƽڣвƿ̮йӭŲ
һĻĻ˽¶ɫ
Щڹˮһ׹䣬ƬһЩССռȸˣһЩĹҲ˿
ۡڼʯеѪˮ֯ǵֲлѾǲٵǿʯˣΪǵлʵֲ̫ˣǿʯףȻǲлġ
ʱ򣬷ȥղϳѺۣطͬռŻһĶȻڣʹܵŨࡣ
ͬʱ治ٵطѿٸɽ̮һЩطиĴĹˣһЩĹڵŨ㣬һɫɭɭŨ
һʱ䣬ûбɵеʿǴ󾪣𺳡
ˣҡֹһ
찡ĹĹѵһǿߣ
ǱߣҺоԴϢ
֮ϣʿ𺳡
ͬһʱ䣬ٵطǴŲҽʿڹУǻһѪ

ͻȻвϷͷһ΢СѷƿСǱþ޴ŵɿ漴һϢн֯ԼԿɽҩ鲼ڷɣǴ˵еɽ硣
ڣһӿѷı󣬸Ϣת۱ǽ֯вһɾ˵ĵ˳ܵ
һʱ䣬ٴδ𶯡
ǣ
ɽ⡭òвеƬɸѣ
⣬񣬺ǰ
ʿ𾪣Ե˲ϻ׹޾ڹ⡣
һһڹ⣬ٽӽĵ棬ʱϷλõľ޴ѷ죬¶ɫ
Ǵ˵еɸ磡ûдһǡɱڹƿεĿռݣͨĿռŻ
е
ڹ⻹ڲϵԸ߿£ȴԱ࣬ϵĿռŤƷг޴ѷ측֣û˽ȥ
ˣ
ۡ
ƵطãȥƬɸ磬治֪ж챦Ҿ˵ϵ𱦲أߣһҪ

⻰˫۶ʱҲе
Ȼκɸ磬жоâ֯
ͬ˵ƬɸǴ˵ãȾԲ٣Ҫǣ𱦲أΪ˵ģ
һʱ䣬һٶȽٶȣһѾϡٵڹ⣬һ߷ɿĳƬɸ硣
ݵͣĻصڿУ߿ϵļѾǳʧˣֻһƬƻڲӿµڹԽԽ٣ԽԽϡ衣

вͣпռѷ챻ڹвĶλóһռŻĴѷ죬һħӿ˳
ʱ䣬ɸȥ˵΢𣬾ֱͣƫͷǸλȥʵʻâ
Сôˣͣʲô
Ҳ
ŶλõǴռѷ죬˸ȥƬɸ磬еµһ£Ժȥ׷ǣ
ʲô
ĻһǶݡɸ翪ݴƬΪ޴һرأ䣬ȻʱҪȥĵط
ǿȥùҡ
ңºֱһһӰֱӳλöȥ
ڸղţλõǴѷ򿪺ʶеԻһ£е߲ϼָǴλá̫ˣһнƬ
ٶȺܿ죬ͬһ㣬תۼԶʧһҰС
Сӡ
ۡ
ʲôȥѽ
źÿüͷ
ʱɸȥĵطʵһܲ⡣
ջǰڣʱѡȥĵطһĵ⣬ʵҲҪʲôĻȥɸ硣
มԶȥķһۡ
һٴ٣Ƭɸ˹ȥ

뿪һٶȷǳ죬â֯ͬһɫ硣
֮󣬴ԼȥһʱвĶλãǴӿеħѷǰѷ죬൱ͨռڵŻ
ħ֯С
оâһ˽ȥ


868 Ϊٽ
еħƵĿռڣʱǸоһ˿˿⣬û̫⣬칬ԣʵ̫΢ˡ
ʱ򣬷ȥƬռĳ͵ǸСѪɫռ࣬ռԵЩɫһƵƮڿС
УԶһƬСɽͺͺģûʲôֲ
һɨǳƬռȥ
Ӳŵ˿˿ƵӣŵصӿȥúлһƵƹ⣬Ƭռĵص׷ħһֱǰСɽȺ
΢΢ۣȥ
ܿ죬߳ǧԶƬСɽȺ

ɽȺ˲䣬һͳ޳֣ɱͷͫ׳࣬鲼ɫëצͬһ㳤
ǰŵ׳ƹ⣬һǽͷ˳ȥԶըһŴĿѪ
¡
ƬɽȺһͷͷ޳֣Ϣǿᣬܿͨɼǿߣʮͷһһ
̧ͷлһĨâųʮͷޡ
ʱ䣬Щһӭ񣬶Ǳÿ־һֹסǰ֮ƣɪɪƬСռޣȻǻ۲̫ߣվһ˿ǻۣ˿̴ӱоĿ£ͬ㡣
ĽŲƽʮͷ޼߹Ƭռȥ
ǴصΪһ·սǿѾ֪˶٣ȻȻɢϢǺܿ£٣Щ޶Ƿǳµģ൱һȺһϵۻʡ
ʱһΣתۼʮȥ߹ɣƬɽȺġߵطԱüž࣬ҲǱó
ɽʯɫħǳŨһƬСħ㡣
лһĨ΢⣬ŲȴɣƬռȥ
ˣ
ʱʮ쫷ȫħΧλá
һ̣ʮ쫷һͬԼʶ㣬˷ѹϡ
תۣʮ쫷ѹ˹ÿһʮɸߣž˵Ļ֮
פ㣬â˸һѹǰʮ쫷ȫ顣
ͷص֮£ŵӿ΢΢һһȦȦƹɢصס
𣡡
һӵص״һʱ䣬ƬɽȺʮռеħȫƮ˹һ޴ͷ˻漴졣
̧֣һץס޴ͷ΢΢һֱӽ֮ķ顣
ħ֯㲻ո۳ʶѣֻȴҲ̵ң
Į
˵ţҽŲڵϣٴһʹõصһηŭ
һ̣һı飬ʮ޴ѺۣһɫħгһħӰһ˫Ѫޱȣ佻֯Ѫ̺顣
ħӰħâ纣˰ӿ죬һͷͷӰ
ЩӰȫħӰħ۶ɣֻħӰݻɱ¾߱ʲôʶʱ׿ĳ졣
һҲĽâһ𿪣˲佫ӰȫĨɱ
ħӰͺ𣬶죬н֯ɭȻ̰ٴʹɽҵĻζһħâɿעڣʹת۴ﵽʮɸߡ
һſħڣ£̵ĳɶȥ
̧ͷƹ⽻֯
һһɫֱӽնգ޾ħâħӰ˳ǱĹڵء
ǰһŵӣһٴνħâĺɳȥ
ħӰԶһЩη壬һ̱ٴӵصץһħϣʹüϢٴγȥ
䣡
һʱ䣬Ŀռ䶼Ϊ֮ζ
ɫƽɫӣһ񽣳𣬽϶
һʮħ֮һǵħУɱ֮콣ϣڵħϰܻȥײһģϧʧˡ̶̧֣ɫâϣᴩռ䣬ħӰһɨɣȻЧʥ㣬ϵײҲܻȥɳΪһĻˣԡˡ
ﬣ
ͷ۳һɳĽɫ󽣣ħâƺƵնȥ
ħӰ¶־֮ɫֱһͷصףȥ
һӣħӰӵص˳漴ɫʱն£ħӰѹ˸顣
һʱ䣬طĺɫħɢ˲٣Ҳ֮ͬǰǰˡ
ɨħӰĵطûͣǰȥ
úƬСɽȺʮƬռ
ǰһСʯ̨ϣһ߲âţͬڳ˯һ㡣
е¶һƾϲһ˹ȥ߲âԱߡ
Աߵɲǣ߲ɫâƺиУ΢΢ζһ£漴ڿɢâŨࡣ
ˣ
һ߲ɫâ֯ͬͬԴϢʶڵ񽣸Żζ
֣߲ɫâʱ˹ͬһ㣬ΧתһȦɲǼû뵽ڣ嵽ʶڵԣֱ˽ȥ
ʱһһ߲ɫâ֯񽣱ûС
ͬһʱ䣬Щ߲ɫâɢͬڻӿʶڣÿһ䣬һޱȴŨС
лâûԥת̫ľâ
ˣ
һʱ䣬Ҳŵ߲ʹâϢ͵ڱǿ
վƬռ䣬һҲΨǿʶ֮⣬ԷʱϮɱ
һۣչȥ
һ죬߲ʧ»˽ɫâϢȶ
۷壡
˫ۣоâ֯
ʱоʶʹǰ˲СĽ
΢΢ɨʶײֻѾƽһҲ߲âѾȫ㣬øЩҲЩ
Щ磬ӣһʱ
ǿ

ϵ̫ˣʾ֭ҲףֻԹԵҡҡͷ
һ£ûֱͣתȥĽƬѾõ׼ȥƬɸ硣
ʱ·أúǿƬռ䣬³硣
ϷλȥȻźԶȴҲܿɸĿռŻ鲼⡣
ɸ磡
΢΢ۣȥٶȺܿ졣
䣡
ʱǧ⣬һɾ˵ܺƵһ֮ǿ嫣Ƭա
ʱֹסŲƫͷĿâ̫壡


869 ̫ľϢ
֮𣬽̫֯еıԴϢ첻ܻо
âתٶȲ죬һǸȥ
䣡
һЩһ̣ǸƺһռƿˣһӰ̫֯׹⣬ޱȣܱߵĿռĶŤ
һЩߴӰΰ½磬Ϣˡ
Żͣ
âʵʻͬɱֱĳǰնȥ
֮ǰŻҲƬ򣬱в̫һֱϣ룬ʱˣԷƺմһżƹض
ԶŻƫͷڷ磬˫Ŀ䣬һĨɫܿǱñ
㣡
䣬ɱӿ˿ҲΡ
ͦΣǰڷ裬Įޱȣһֱӻȭɱ
ˣ
Ϸ·һʥı˰㣬ֱը鿪ˣܲסȭ
Żͣûʲô˵ġ
Żȼգӳһƣգӭϡ
䣡
һʱ䣬ܵĿռƬƬ̮ܲס˵ȶ
תâŻͱĸǿˣѾﵽ˴죬Щ⡣
ڰ׼һս죬Żʹ۷壬С磬񣬼ȥͻƣ˼ѣﵽ˴۷壬ȻŻȴɸС硣
ڴˣô⣬Ũ˼ֱ֣ӳ
ˣ
ҶݺȪʥĴɽӣѪɫѷһʱ両ֶסķÿһռ䣬ƺƵĳǰɱȥ
Ż˫磬ȻҲûʲô˵ģĴ󽣳𣬺ڲ֮ϣÿһ󽣶֯նһеƣΪҵ֮ͨһɱ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
һɱͬʵʱ㣬նռ䣬أɱȥ
һ˵ĳȥܼɱһײʹÿռ䲻ըһռͣ
ڷ趯һǰٴγȭ
ˣ
һȭɱʼһȭǿˣݿ࣬һС
ңͬһʱ䣬ֵֽӡӡֱֶӳԷѹȥ
ʱ䣬ӡ۳ͼƺҪһжѹӡͬܵ˾޴Ӱ죬һʱ侹ͣ
䣡
һϹۻ룬ŵ͸ľǿˡ
ŻĮԵôݲȣһꪣҵһͨƺƵĳȥ漴һ̣һıʮ㣬籦⡣
ҵһͨɱǿ಻𣬹ɱǿ
ȭͷֱӽ֮ĥ𣬲һ̣ȴٴλ۳һһŹ⣬ݻʮ죬һγѹƱøǿЩ
ͬΪܵڶζã

ͨΪʮƵļΪǱȴǲͬǰˣһ̣ͼһΪʩչ߶жʮŻ͵ϵֱӽ֮飬Ҳ޷֡
ϣһڷɳлӳʮŵ콣â
וּһ콣âɱˣʮŵһ𣬴ϰ˻Ĺɱϡ



첻ͣŤɲǼͱʮŵ콣âᴩѡ
ȳЩˣʮŵ콣âǿᴩսŻΧУǶ׼üģǶ׼࣬Ƕ׼丹ԴǾɱ֮
ŻͲŲæһҵĥɵͨʱһֱԻܽ֯ž˵ĻϢ·ĥһСͬһʱ䣬һڳһչޣϵƽ̼֮֯価ɡ
ձɱ㣡

һչ޹âǣǿɵһа㣬ĥɵѹϡ
ȡͷ­죬û˭統ǰ㻤㣡

ת⣬֮ڶٴն콣â
漴Ƚâп粽һѽе񽣳ŻͶ˳ȥͬǻ˻磬ֱŻ͵üĶȥ֮ԼһһӰ콣âϣӶȭѹ£ֱӽĥɵͨҵķ顣
Żչ޻⣬նܼ콣âҲͬʱӳ֣Ͷɡ
ҲʱǚiƵ˽ǰֱӻȭԷš
ŻĮһڱԻΪһǿͨ˿̻⣬һȭ
䣡
ƿչ޴תѹͷ
첻ܣջȭٴγŻͺ£ݺͨϣڱֱӳѺۡңͬһʱ䣬ڳڶ񽣣Ѫɫɱ⽻֯նŻѹµչײһ𣬱Ļ֮⡣
ҲʱĵȭѾ£һֱӻŻͨ
㣡
ĵȭԼٻӳֱŻؿڡ
һŻͺɣԶһɽ飬Ĵʯ¡
ֻɲǼѣһ̣Ĵʯ飬Żͳһͨţܵˡ
һղųȭٶȺܿ죬Ż͵ʩٶȻȭٶæļ϶Ȼٴμֻͨһȭ
һٴϣһնɱ⡣
ûʲôӵĶǻȭȭͷʵ޻ȴֲˡ
ˣ
һռ
һȭǿųɵ֮治ǿЦǰһ˲Ϣȫ߽ˡ
Ż罣ͺһǿͨӭϡ
ʱٴײһһʱ䣬ûʮһС



һ̣ռ飬سݣǾˡ
֮ͨг棬ͨȭâӰײ
һ
ĸִд쳹񷡣
וּһţѹС
ŻͳҴ֮ݻӭϡ
䣡
ײرѺ۶ʱ˸࣬ռ˻ָָٴ顣
һŻ͵Ӱбؿڳһǰ͸ѪһѺ۱鲼ϣʹͬմɰ㣬·һͻ
һ̣һͷһּУֻiŻ⣬񽣽֯âͬʱն¡
וּһ񽣻δ£ĽֱӱС
һ˲Ϣ΢΢ɫֹס񽣵Ĺɱ֮ƣԼٺʮԶ
䣡
Ƴȥһ˲䣬ŻΪģԲڵ飬ĳҽâ𣬽֯żֲĲֱգˡ
ʱ䣬ֱӱɫ
ⲻΪȽâֲܿΪ⽣âмһǳϤϢ
̫ľƵĲ
貾â


870 ڣ
ҵĽâ֯Żܣ춯ݣо˺̫ľʮƵϢʹͷһݡ
ŻͣĿԵһ콣âһնʮ֮ࡣ
Żƻָϳɽһ𣬶ʱˢˢӭϡ
䣡
Щɽ£ˣܸ֮Ǳ׻Ҫֲ·֮ݻƺǿڻؼ㣬ļ¡
ն콣âȳҽâײһ𣬺ܿǰȥƺǱڻˣܿȫɢϨ˰㡣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
Ż͵ĳҽâ˿ռ䣬Ʋնȥ
ٴμ콣â֮ȻŻ͵ֳҽâʵЩ£ǿһа㣬콣âϱͨҲһ
һŻͿ˹Яҽâϣͬʱʩչֹɱ
Ӷ׼ƣ֮ͬʱնһҽâ
Ŀ䵭һӭŻͱˣһӦŻͻĳҽâԽԽо˺̫ľƵϢ䵭УâԽӵŨ
һ׼Ҵն콣âӳҽâк˳
̫һЩУ
ĶŻ͡
ŻһƾâϵֳҽâøǿʢҪٻնأֻһУһУƺƵն졣
Ĵ˲ϢðĺˣʩչҶݺӭϣȻҲһԭǿŻնǵȳҽâ󣬾ǺܿǰǱ㡣
ͣ
һҵĽâļ˲Ѫˮ磬һȵʹС
Ż⽻֯ϳҽâʣе̫񣬸߲ʣ̫ɽһᱻֱܱ䣬һǴƬĳҽâѹȥ
ĮˣնƬ콣â
Ȼ̫
ĵ֮ǰӦȳҽâ;Ϣ̫ľϢǳƣ²Żǵõһ̫ĴУЩ̫ʵϣȻһ
ŻĮһƵ̫ɽʹǵȽøֲЩڻһƬգͬһƬ㳯նɱȥ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
⽻֯ǵȳҽâȿɲնͬǱŵһȺ׽ս֮һжѹˣڵˡ
ݻͨϣ̫ɽǴܿǱ̫ɽն飬ɱɽٴγ
۵һнâ磬ʱһƬѪҺԵЩĿ
ˣһѪɫѷչǰɶȥͬʱʩչ׼ҵִͨӸͬĽǶӭϡ
ЩһҲûܹ֧̫ãת۱Ǳ顣
̫ɽնͨΪԻ̫ɽһסң
ŻĮϣƬ̫ɽٲն졣
¡¡ģ̫ɽ֮£ղͣı飬ͬʱַ·ˮ˰㣬Եʮֿɲһ־㤵ĸо
Զɫ˿䡣
ס㣿ҾûҪס㣬죬Ҫɱ㣡
ĵ
һ͸̫ľתɫӯҰ漴ٴλӽɫ콣âӿϣ̼ܼ̫ɽײһ
ǿâײһǻ֮⣬תۼն̫ɽ
ŻͶʱݣĽɫ⣬һʱɫǡ
ܲɣ̫Ҳһ㡣ɣƿصķĸ̫ת̫ľͨ
ĵ
䣬וּһ̫ľתĸ죬ٴն콣â
͵ͣĴתۼ䣬Ż̫ɽն˸ס
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
콣âնֱӽŻ͹ᴩϻĿѪ
磬еһ̼佣Х죬ɫâ졣
ﬣ
ǿһ裬һνŻ͵ᴩ˳ȥʮ֮Զ
Ż͵ͺȣ̫ɽתۼٴ۶øǿЩһ뽣âͬսػϣһĳնȥ
ӵĮǚiܣ漴Խɫ콣â·
ﬣ
ɫ콣â̫ɽ֮ݿ࣬նһС
۵һŻһαᴩѪˮգ˺ɳȥʮԶ
ȻŻʹϢʱ䣬һһӰɿȥ
ֳѪɫ񽣻ն콣âɫ콣âնһСͬһʱ䣬ͽֽӡӡӡͷӡȺĳŻѹ¡
һƬռ𶯣ֱӱ̮ˣܲס
ŻͱȻ£ѪȴǱ֮ǰЩ
̫ɣ
ȵ̫˸һ޴ľԻ֮
ȫ۶֦չԼһֲɣӵϢӿ֣йɱ֮ȫ
ɣ
춯ݡŻʹ˿̳Ӱ֪һַͨӦҲ̫֦ҶïԾȻԻȴҲһְʹ˵ķɣһģһϡ仹ǵãǵȴ˵֮УɣǽһʥľӵĪܡ
̫ݻӰΪѵ⴫˵еĴڣ
΢΢ü
һ̣ٶ룬ٴһŻ͡
וּһһΣǿУһն°ɱŻ͡
ʽΪ콣еɱ֮൱ͨնһУת۱ǳŻǰݺնȥ⡣Ȼȹâɢ춯ݣǿһɱŻ
֮ǰֱǿˣ֮𣡡
΢
Ӷ񽣣ͬʱԿرմ߶һѪɫ񽣣ͣɱŻ͡
һʱ䣬ɫ콣âƬռ䣬һС
ȻŻķɣӰ̫ڼˣ콣âȫ
˫ĿһնһɱͬʱĹɱȴãǱŻǵȷɣӰȫȫĵ¡
ҲʱͻȻһûɵĸоĪΣգʶеҡ˲Ϣðһɭɭ
ڣ
һŻͿд
ɲǼ䣬ٴκһɿµϢϣֱӱʶУʱͷ­ʹʹԴ·Ҫը鿪һ㡣


871 
ͻľʹɫǿͷ­ﴫĴ̹ʹٳˣŻ֮ǰľ롣
ҵʶγӣѾʶѲˣ
Ż
ɣӰûڣϣٴμ̫ɽѹ졣
ͷ­ľʹǿг콣âնǰǚiٴκˡͬһʱ䣬һͺȣڵȫ𣬸Լ˸⣬ɱ
Կر߶һǵȻܿ£Żͱˣٿ
ûϵڣѾʶȻ㣬Ҳɱ㣡
Ż
ٱƽʶ߶ڣһʱ䣬üҲŴ
ʱоͷ­ʹˣڱǶѪһˣʶƺҪը˰㡣
ҧһͨŸŻ͵ȴûʲôãʶһɿֲڽ֯ͬѹ°㺧š
ʶΪأ㵲ֻǳ¡
Ż顣
ò˵ڣǳ£ˣֻоھҲһѺۣʩչһֶζãǵɱ
ڱǶѪͷ­·Ҫը˰㣬ӡʶȸͨطһһչ֣ѹʱЩʹʹȹһЩ
ŻһĨ⣬Լ˿ʩչͨжǿһԼʶӵʶ˲ϢնɱԷȴ֧ôãңʱԼ佫ǵѹһЩʹɫøˡ
죬ɫĮޱȣ˫ٴνӡԼʶ߶ڣطһʱ䣬طʶ֮ܣһƬʹ⺣
һʶ̷ˣڱѪˣ¶ѺۣһѪˮʶУǷ·һ˿ˣԶиӾ˵ľʹܡ
ͺһʶУ޾ʶӿһ콣նƣǣȴԸεԼֿȳһѪ
ûã˵ˣҵʶѾʶڣƲˡ
Ż顣
춢ͷ­ʹձ鲼Ѻۣȴûʲô
¼䣬ûƲ˵

˵һֻͼԻʥϢ֯գâ財
ǿŻͣһ΢΢ɫһʱоֻͼĿ£ǣ
ˣ
ֻͼâ貣漴һ̱ǻһ⣬ֱӳʶ֮УԱߣȫ֡һ˲ѣ쿴һɲʶ֯Աߣһֻֻ㣬и塣
ʣŻ͵ʶŻνԼʶӡ
䣬һֻͼâǿңʶɢ⣬Ż͵Щʶݺѹ£֮̽ķ顣Ҳ֮ʶһһʶУŻ͵ļ䣬ЩУŻͣҲҵһڴһصһЩ£ԴЦ
̫̫ãĥ̫ʶܣ׼ңһ壬ʮ򡣡
ɫˣҧʶֵһݣɱ̼䱩ǡ
׼ҺҪΪ̫̫ǽϣɵãһɳԿɿ羳ɳʮ꣬ʹٸʮʮꡣֻǣû뵽һƣɹȻʶĨȥܣڻ嵮ٰн׼Ȼ󣬻ýֻңֻҿɸʮ
ңƣ
ɭȻ
һͨâһͨĹֱӹᴩ񷡣
Żжݣô֪
䣡
ɱӿһֱӽŻɣԶһɽУ󶼱ҵķѡ
ͷڷ裬ͨѪɫٵ罻֯Եúܿ£ɱٳ
ɱ㣬ػصڶҪʧ

һ˲ŻĴɽУݺһȭѹ£ɫȭâѪɫٵ罻֯һֱӹᴩأɽһֱ߰ɵĴӡ
ಣ
̳âŻͳ𣬻ȾѪǱѣһպһ񺣡̫壬ȴɱ˵ļأֱӱ
䣬˵һֻٴγ𣬺ƺƵĳŻѹȥ
ٶȷǳ죬ֻͼǹâҫۣһʱڱʮѹ¡
Ż͵ͺȣ̫߶ޣƺܽһжĥ
գۼ䣬ֻ̫ͼӭһ𣬻Ϣͬĺһ𵴡
ͣ
һ촫̫ɫȭѹƬա
һޱȿ񱩵ȭƣǿŻҲ¶ݣٴν̫ɣͨ𣬽εĻС
ɣӰ˲䣬ȭͷͬһ¡
ˣ
һ죬춯أ̵ķɣӰһξֱӱ鲼ܼѺۡ
Ż;УԷɣͨȭͷ⣬ȴȫȭƣһȭͨɣ𵴶룬ϣѪĺɡ
㡭
ˣ
Ľɫȭٴεˣݿ֮࣬ѹգһŻķɣӰϡ
ۣ
ɣѺ۸࣬ŻٴκɣĿȭĴڿѪ
̫ɽ

ʱ䣬̫ɽ֣ޱȣҪһжڵ
ʽ
ͬһʱ䣬һд
һһ̮մ߶ѪɫնһââһһԾתۼŻķɣӰϣ֮ھ¡
ۣ
һɣӰûŻ͵硣
ͷڷһ֮󣬵ȭɫȭâڱʮ
һһΣ̵ķɣӰҲ֧ˣֱӱķѡ
ֵ㱾ˣ
춢סŻ͡
ûĶһȭͬɹ¡
Żһʮһͨӭǰȴû˿ãת۱㱻ȭѹ˸飬ɫȭͷؿڣ֮ķѡ
漴һ̶̣ĽХ˲Ϣ콣âԻǧն¡
ĿȻ֪һȭɱŻͣ˿ֱӻ콣âʮռȫˣŻһ˿һĻᡣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
콣â£ŻͱѾķѵըɫѪĽ
ԶԶȥЩˣ콣âܣŻ͵ȫ֣籩°ɱš
̫
һͺѪд̼䣬ӿѪɫŻ͵ѪԷ⣬ն콣˲


872 
Ŀɭ䣬ɱ⺧ˣɾˣ˿̶ŻͣȴһĨɫҪ֪콣â֯ܣ飬ŻӦûĿԲŶԣǣԷٶȿЩţֻ˲Ϣʱϣûкķʱ㡣
Żͣ䣬ʱܹ뵽ֻŻͷŵͺ֡
̫

³֣ѾǲµЩν̫ȻҲ̫ĴͨһʥţŻܹ콣ؾǰ㳬ѳٶؾ۶˫ʥ
Żͣ˫Ŀһ콣âøܼҲǿ
㣡
˫ĿɱӯҰ콣â󣬼粽ϣһȭ
˵һͬһը˰㣬񱩵ȭҪѵء
ۣ
ٶȼ죬ȭ͵ˣֻ˲ٴνŻͺķ顣
Ѫ⽦䣬ȾһƬա
ˣ
ѪɫŻ͵Ѫͬһ㣬һӿ˲Ϣؾٶȿľˡͺһ̫ɽƵʩʩȻɱϣͬһʱ䣬̫񺣱̲ңӿ졣
䣬һֻͼʥϢһʱ串ǰ˷
ǿ򣬼֮˿ɱŨңֻͼ󣬵ɢŻ͵̫ͬʱ̫ɽֱӴŻѹ
۵һŻ͵ٴըֻͼѹһƬĿѪ
ˣ
üķ⣬Ż˿Ļᣬֱӽ˳
һʱ䣬֮⽻֯ʶѹŻ͵Ѫ塣
̫̣
ͺŻըѪѪɫ棬˲Ϣؾ۶ǵٶȿĳѳ·Ҫķʱ䡣
һͺȣһ󽣣ն¡
ۣ
Ż͵ٴըѪ˻ġ
Ȼ쾪ȵǣŻؾٶ̫ˣ˲Ϣٴ۳̫ǣͬһ̵ֲ̫㡣
еĺʢһУһѪɫ񽣳УնŻ͡
䣡
Ż͵ͺȣüĹâʢʱһľľо֦ɣÿ֦϶վһֻ񣬽ǿޱȵϢ̫Ҳڵһʱ໥ںϣ̱֮ǡ漴ͬһֱ嵽ǰȫɱ⣬ֻЯɱ⳯ȥ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮͬʱը飬ȾһƬա
Ųȱɿؾۣת۳ӣʱ΢΢ɫŻͻѪɫѾۺɱ˹
ɫĮ۳һĵ̼ų⣬ٳȥ
ʱ֪Żڴʲô⣬Ϊƿ̫ʥԳٶ޸ĹɱϧܾҲҪԷڻٵٺؾٶȣΪ˭ؾ۳˭ռսȨǿӲ϶Է޸
һߺˣһ߿޸
ŻѾϣһǿ絽ǰ̫;ֻٴԻ
һΣԵЩոؾ۵һֱӱ֧顣
֮Ѫȱˣؾǡ
ûãҲᣡ
Ż顣
̫ѹ£۵һѪٴը
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Х̶Żͼ̫ɽĳҽâ֮ͬǰն콣һ㣬ɿĳѹȥ
һʱ䣬Ĳϱ飬ԵøǱЩ
䣡
ӿԶ֮ǰļˣƿأʱ˹ƺƵѹŻͣΪȡ㹻ؾʱ䡣
ۺǣᣬֻͼһԻŻѹȥ
ۣ
ֻͼ̫ѹֻڣŻϣһץһѪɫ񽣣£֮նķѡ
Ż͵ѪѪɫ棬תؾۣһͺȣٴιɱ졣һΣ̫ɣ̫ͨɽͨһ֧һܱǡ
ɱ޾ȴҲǲòϣŻ͵̫ǳ鷳Դʥ壬Էؾٶʵ̫ˣһĲ塣
䣡
Żʱ˹ɫĮͨطһչ֣ɱš͸ղһȫ˷еʶȫרעڹɱ֮ϣǵƵǷǳ£ֻһת۶ѣǱһֱۣͬʱһҲŻ͵ͷ­һνԷն顣
ѪɫŻ˲ؾ۳Я̫ѹ˹
̫壬ܲ㲻գֻУ
Ż顣
һ̫ͨŻͳٴɱ졣
㲻Цؼ䣬ûʲô㲻ģ˵Ҫɱ㣬һ
顣
Ż̫壬ȷʵͬһսڲ֮أɲǳ鷳һ̣ɫޱ仯ȴһâһͺȣܱͨǣֱӳŻӭϣڱʮ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˲ײձ飬ѣһƿռͣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪҺŻ͵ȫ飬һ룬ѪȾա
ѪɫŻ˲ۺͬһ̫⳯ɱȥ
˵̫壬㲻һս㲻˿ᣡ
Ż
ң̫ɽͨԻֻҲһ֡
δؾۺñ㱻Żѹ˹ɫȴ˿䣬ΨһĨ亮⡣һ̣һԼͬʱһɿ񱩵ѪһɻĴˣŻûը顣
Ż͵Ѫɫ棬һƵⷭҪؾ۳
¡
ͻȻѪʱͬǺһӿؾֱۣӳŻ͵ѪûȥѪͲŻ͵帲ǡ
Դؾûã
Żʹ
ѪɫøӳʢˣѪڷ⣬ȻѪǶϣȴҲûʲôá
ˣ
ʱƬռͻأһƣΪ췽ŻͶսʱпӡ£ʱԻݻһķռ䣬۵ĽŻ͵Ѫֱӹᴩ֮ϣǿиŶԷؾ
ͬʱѪһ̹âţɫâʮ̫ľ±ٴ߶ΪԴ˻壬ֻΪԴ˹žĽɫâԼŻ͵ĲѪһס漴Ҳ貵Ļ⣬һֱӳŻ͵꣬ݺɱ롣
һʱ䣬˵ײһž˵Ļ⡣
漴һ̣Ż͵ŭ˳̫


873 ̫
ɫâʮΪ̫ľɢŻ͵һ֣һ̣ݺɱŻ͵ڣ֮ײ
ҵ룡
Ż͵ͺ
һѪɫһƵĳɢ⡣
鲻ˣ

ģƻĹ𶯣˷켺ѪһǿнŻ͵ĲΪҪǣ̫ľɢΪ貵ĽɫâѹŻѪɫǿжŻ
ˣ
⣬Ż͵УԽɫΪӡŻе̫һӡ˳˸ԡ

Żŭ̫Դ𶯣ƵһƷٱ̫ԡ
Ѫһ漴һɱ̫ԴǿĹԺƵֻرԴ𶯣ͬһӿϣֱӽ̫ԴĹԸѹȥ
㡭
䣡
ɫâøǿ𶯣Ż͵겻ײǣķĵӡ̫ķģ֮ټ䵽֮С
ǿж֮ޱȼѣ죬ȻܲɵǣŻƿص̫̫ȴƿ̫ľⲿž̫ͨԣ˵ĸԴĸ̫ľӳ֣ѪͽѹŻͣζɹٵײŻ͵꣬󽵵˶ѶȣŻ͵ǣʥİ徫衣
ȻʵȻ̫ľĸڣʱҲֻǿһͨϾŻͺǿ󣬱̫壬ɲһʿȡ
ˣ
ŻǣķĵӡѪ⿪ʼһԣѪɫĻ棬ʹѪǣܵ⡣
Żʹŭ㱻ǿжܡ̫Դ̫תĸ죬ӿѪɫµƿ֨졣
䣡
Ź⣬ֻرԴâңٴνŻ͵̫Դѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ǿᣬɹ٣ޱȣ˿̫ľļӳ£ƵĻܣŻ͵ǣ̫壬ٱ֮ͬһʱ֮һݻ
Żͱ𣺡
ԴˣֻǱߡ
ʥҪˣ
䡣
߽̬֮Ͻ֣Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãŻʹֶϽƣұѪ꣬Զ¾ۺ
죡
ŭ㣬ɱӿƵ̫;ֻڲпĳɱȥ
Զߣ˵һѪɫ˲Ϣɫȭͷһȭǰȥ
ˣ
ǿһȭ˫ֻڣ̫һȭŻؿڣ֮ķѡ
Ż˲۳ɱ纣ͨһչ֣鳤ա
һɿֲƣǿһУͬһ̫Ҫٻء
Ŀһ䣬һӡֻͼʶһһչ֣ۺһ𣬳Żѹ¡
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵溧һƬƬգһأһС
ۣ
ۣ
Ƭ̺ͬʱըѪȾա
˵ͬѪɫתۼһؾ۳
ŻеŭνǺˣⱾѰıڶսռžԵƺȴȥҲϰ˫ʥ
ͨ
н֯âŻͣһȥ
ոնᵽֻ̫ʱݻ£ΪʥƾǾԵʥ򵥶ԣϵǿ䶼飬ĹζķһЩʱ䣬ңÿһ飬ѪÿһʹüѪ̫ͣȴǲãؾʱ䣬ҸķѪֻɡ
˵ʥ壬ͬĴսУһ߲壬ڲ֮أ
ǳã
ѹŻͣͨһһչ֣ѹǲ񷡣
ŻŭͷڷɱͬʱԻ˷ȫѹˡ
첻ܣֱǰͬŻ֮ǰһ㣬Ż͵йЩԼϣԼըǰһɱѹŻϡ
ۣ
ۣ
˵һͬʱըѪȾա
¡¡ģѪɫʩչͬؾȻһΣٶȸЩŻ֮ǰۺѪɫ񽣱ն˹ȥ
Ϊͬǣһƿ̫ľ
顣
Ż̫壬ǣȴͬʱ̫̫ľӳ֣ԣ̫ҪŻ͵̫ǿ
ﬣ
񽣣նʽɱ˲ϢƵŻͽǰ
۵һŻؾ۳ֱӱնķ顣ŭ̫Ȼ鵽һ룬ɱٴѹ
ҿ㻹ʲôֶΡ

Ӷ콣âͬһѹƶϣĹɱŻ͡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һһΣŻ͵飬Ŀġ
Żʹâʢһɿ񱩵Ĵӿ֣һɻ̫籩Уһ˲佫飬ӿڡ
̫
ϳŻ͵ĵΪǧǰʮ̫
ڴˣȣϾŻΪ̫壬ǿܹ̫ȻȻ¡
Ѫɫ˲ؾ۳ǣͬʱԼĴ
һʱ䣬ԵŻ͵̫߾ײһŻ֮⡣Ȼ֮ܣУһĿռ
䣡
Ż¾ۼҶ̫ƿȻѾǴﵽһΪľ磬Դ˴ײ߼以á
֮תۼȥԴ򽻷棬ͨײԲͣܶԷĴˣɫԱò԰漴ֹȥʮȫʩΪڻĴʤ͵һѹŻ͵̫
Ż־ŭ㡭
ţԼƿصĵǧе̫Ǵڴ죬ԴΪ߶̫ȴȻԴ۷߶ʤˣȻ̫
䣡
ȾѪȾ˴䣬һЯͬǺӵƺƵûŻ͡
۵һŻֱӱ飬ұѪ졣
𣡡
ŭѪɫ̫壬Զ¼̫ͬʱ̫ʶֻҲһֱںһ
ɱ
̫ʶں϶ɵĻ籩ɱȥ
һʱ䣬֮ռƬƬ̮ܲסɱơ
ߣ˫ֽӡֱӳֻͼӿȥֱֻͼںһ𣬱һ⣬ʹֻͼˡ
ǿսǿֻͼ
Żͣգ
飬ƵŴֻͼݺݳųŻѹ¡


874 ̫
ֻͼڶɣϸ罻֯âĿʹ嫵ͬһǿգһѹϰ˻ĵǿš
һֻͼֻһֱС
磬ͨâ貣ֻͼһǿŻ͡

Żʹͷڷͨһ۳һ
̫ͬժƵŷϢ
飬ֲֿ޶ԣֻԴֻͼѹ¡
䣡
߻δײܱ裬ʮڵ̼ȫˡ
һ̣͵첻ͣĴֻͼͬһſʥͼƺƵ£ǺݺײŻԸִںϳĳ
һʱ䣬ؽΪģֳһƵ磬ˡ
ۣ
ۣ
۷ĴײϢ֯˸ԱһֱۣѪˮա
ȻƵĻϢȴǱøӿɲˣǲȥָһ̽еͶ뵽˻֮С
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫٴըײ֮£磬ʹ˸ӡ
ȥϵ绡֯ŻںֶγһֳֻͼںΪֻͼײһҽҽˣֱӽսϢһɹɿ级ϯܡ



һ̣Ϊģضʼˣ̮ͣ³ɳϯ񷡣
ͬһʱ䣬˵ĲͣѺۣѪˮģǱޱȵǱ
Ľ֣ת۾ʮ
ýˣ̫壡̫ԴΪɻң
Żһ̵ͺ
Ż£һֱȼһ̫ԴƵĻϢͬһɺĴӣһ˲ѹĴֻͼ

ͺƶȼһ̫ԴǿĻ졣
ѪӲˣȴԵһƬ飬ͷڷ衣
ʣҲұȣ

˵һҲһĹֱȼһֻرԴʹüϢ̼䱩ǡ漴һֻ̣ͼҫ۵ĹâڣһѪɫĲڳֱû뵽ֻͼ֮ڡ
䣡
һʱ䣬ֲƵ˲ѹŻݻĻ
һ̶ŻݻĻֱӱѹһѺۡ
Żͱɫȼһ̫Դһ̣ȻҲѹˡ
˫Ŀ飬һͺȣŴֻͼ΢΢ֱŻݻĻĽŻʮԶ
ŻԶסΣŭӣܣ壡Ҵڴ죬ƿ̫ôܻ㣿죬Ըһ̲ס˻ҲĴݵĮҲܻܣ
䣡
һɺӿ֣ͬǺѹ£ʮգֱӴĻ
Ŵֻͼ˹ֳͼѹ¡
ɱ
һɱ֣쳹Ƭռ䣬ֻͼûС
۵һֻͼ£֮ʹཻڣֱŻ͵̫壬ը鿪ĴĿѪҺ

һŭŻ͵겻̫壬ٳԶߡ
Ӳˣ
ܱ䣬һֱӽеĴֻͼͶȥ
۵һֻͼѹŻ͵ֱ꣬һ塣
Żŭʣµһ껯һĹ⣬ٴγԶȥһ̣֪Լˣûз̵Ļᣬѡߡ
ȾѪ̫תؾָۣһ׷ǰȥ
˵һԴֻͼٴѹ£ת۽Ż֡
ۣ
Ż͵İ걻ܶʱޱɢңͬһƻ罫ҪϨ
ŭ𣬻ѪɫԾ̫֮ԾѳһС꣬ûκԥٴγԶȥɶݶȥ
ɫ飬ǚiһչ׷ȥòϣŻĺǿ֮壬ȻסֻͼѹܾˡҪ֪۷ֶΣ벽漶꣬ҲԻᱻһѹɻң
ವһŲһΣֱӼصǚi˲佫Żͽض϶¡
Ż;ŭٺˣٴζߣҲȥҪʮ
䣡
꽻֮֯ٴδŻ͵Ļͬʱһ˲ʮռ䡣
Ŀ飬ֻͼѹ£ͬʱҲʱһ˳
Ż͵ɫǳױˣʣµһƻ֮
㡭

䣬ֻͼһѹ䣬˲佫Żû
۵һŻ˻漴ʧһƻ屻ֱ

ãֱȥǽɢ±
ȣ
͵һֱӿȳһھѪһͷӿԵȥ
ʱ򣬴ֻͼб飬ɢҡҡλεĽڵϡ
նɱŻͣһսȻʤˣܵĴȴҲǺأʱݽߣǱ鲼ѺۣԿϡ
һһ֮ǰļ漴˵壬žʹٳŲԶһɽȥ˿ĶΪǴڻҵĵɱ˶ᱦʱпܷʱ״ķǳ⣬ͨʿɱʱʿ֣ǽܻ֣֮Բʱ¶ʿҰ֮С
ܿ죬ʮȥȵĲɽУѰһȽεɽߣϥ󣬷˿룬Ϊвɸ类򿪵ԭʿȥˣԸûһˡ
³һûټ룬̫ľ̫ͬʱתɫѪɫĻһʹøͬˮ˰ķӿ
ˣ
ʱ䣬һǳ˵ٶȿʼָɢϢѸ
ʹͷһȻ֪Ҫ̫á
ʥ֮
ļ
ɫѪɫһ֮ѪʶȽ۷ˮ׼御ȬҲȫָ
ã
аһݻֱ̫ȥպǳ
ʱ䣬̫ڱƿһ޴
ʱϻȾѪѪĨȥʹָ֮ԭװһȾ漴΢΢ȭͷֻоԼľ֮ŻͶԾǰǿһЩΪҲһСƺʱ뵽졣
ʹǺ⣬عһսնһУһʥΪҲһ˿˵岻
˶٣ŲһΣֱӿⷽɽߡ
ɸ磬ȥˡ
вϷλã߿ϣͬһɫ㣬ٳƬѾ򿪵ɸȥ


875 ղƼǿɱ
ڵλþɸЩԶնУһʱɸ֮⣬һƾӨ⽻֯ڴͬɵԾš
ܲ
Ե
˶٣ûôԥֱӿƬɸ硣
ʼһɸ磬ʱоеŨ࣬һ޴Ĳࡣ̧ͷȥƬɸޱߣϱ̿ղãƯһͦɽͬһͷͷڵϡ
ֱƬС硣
лһĨâ
˶٣ǰȥú޵һͷʮɸߵħһɽվ𣬿ԶźǿĻꡣ
ԶһͷƶͬһСɽ㣬첻ɵſڡ
Կȴˣ
ЩȣŸոսɸ磬ֻǴڱԵλöѣȻͿǿޣĵƬɸһиµ࣬ųϻп漶޴ڡ

ԶвҽƫͷȥһȺʿһ޴龧ɱۣѾкüʿѪС
쿴龧ЩȣΪ龧ʮˣʮͨ龧ֵǾ˵ĺܡ
Ƭδֹɸ磬鴫ֻǱԵشѾ޴龧˸Ѱ˳

һʿڲԶ龧Դûô⣬ɢʶѰҰˡ
úɽ;з˼龧ʮͨ龧龧ʮͨ龧һҲǶʮͨ龧ļֵˡ
ֿһɽʱǰľһֻСƣſһСʯߣƤëȾʺѪԼԿмצӡ䱳λá
˶٣𵱳ڵڶ޼ϣһȺСɽҴܣιʳҲСˣιһ㶼Ȼ֪֮ȺСĵȴǶСͦϲ˿̿һֻСˣһƵģȻĲ̣˹ȥ
С˿ʱҪܣΪˣʱʵڶˣֻܿӣɪɪ
£Ҳ㡣СԱߣӿС˿ڴۺɵЦӥצĺۼǴӥצѵģôҲֻͦǿһС󱳲˺۾֪СǱӥˣνȻҲͨԣϾӥһ㶼оɱĿ£Żѡ˹ȥСǵȷʵǲ򵥡
СֻܵƤˣ£ܿȬָץƤëҲ˳

Сʱ±ˣǳ鶯һȦܵԶ漴ת˻צӼһɹֱ죬
жݣ漴һЦ˳Сݸɹڸл
ãԼԣǵԺСһ㡣
СԴתԶȥiͿɽ
߳ɽǰУ;м˸ʿ˶ƬɸѰ٣ʱʱڳ龧ҩͱȶȻ֮ȻҲٲˣһʿڵء

Զһ벽ǿ߾һͷԳأֱӱԳȥ
ͷԳλò̫Զʱ򣬴ԳƺҲǷһ𣬺ƵŹ̽צץ£Կȴǿߡ
ͷҲ̧һƽԳɰԶһɽû˶
ǼһѾȥƬɸĸ𣿡

ʶɢٶһЩתۼǿɽ
ʱǰһɽɫ֮˸ͬʱдĿĵ⻮ʱһ׹͵â̫ϤˣڰС
ҵˣ
һǚiһ˲˹ȥ
úǧɣڿ˰ʱһڱһȺΧɱжʮ˽Χסˣͨѹ£ңƿΪǴڴ죬սˡ
䣡
ﬣ
նܼâǿĺܣɱһˡ
һߣ̫ҲǸɱһǿС
ʱһѾ֪ս˶ãǺķ࣬Ǻʮʬ壬֯ŵȻǰǴڡ
ǽձɱǺһҲͨͨΪ幫ᣡ
һʿ֣̽ƺƵץ
¡һʮռֱˣֻԵô
֯ǿߣĿԵúĮӰһһɢƬؼ䣬ʩչĳֱּܿǿߵķ֣һ̳һλϡ
ۣ
Ѫըǿ飬궼ûӹ˲
Զɫ΢䣬¶ɫ
ֻɲǼѣԴڶصΪ˲ɱһǿߣսʵЩԾؼǣղŶûĹɱ켣
ƺʩչһִͨ漴뵽һ£֮ǰͷǿѹΪĳղţӦþʩչɡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰɺӿ𶯳ա
ʮ˶һɱڡ
ʮǿΧɱܷɱôˣǼСȻ򵥣նҪҲȲǣ
Ϊ׵ǿУһ˺
Сӣɱүǻ̵ģҪү۷徳磬һǵļ壡

䱸Ŷʮˣ⽻֯ţȴǲƽռǰǿʢˣȻΪս̫ãѾ̫ࡣ
ɱ
ΧʮǿУһǿ鿪ڣӱ䡣
ʱ䣬ʮȫˣһʱɱ⺧ˡ
ˣ
ҲʱƬ𶯣ֱ̮һƬ
ʱ˹ɫȭѹǳգֱӽںɱǸǿ¡
ǿ߶ʱ󾪣ӭȭƣˣ㡭
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ǿߵķ顣
漴ͬһʱ䣬ֻͼ𣬺ƵʥϢѹǿߵ
ΪѾֻ˿ʹﵽˣսǿ˲٣һȭҲȫȻһǿߣֻͼ֮ȫɱֱӱĥꡣ
һʱ䣬ΧɱһʿԱɫݺȺǶݡ
㣡ɱ幫ֱ֣
һǿߺ˵
һ֣ж΢⻮¶һ˿ϲɫ
СӣղƼˡүģȻӵɱˣ



876 ɱ
Ļ΢΢ͷʵϣʮ˶԰˵ͨͨΪ幫ᡱʱѾ뵽ȺԵղҡ
ղ๼ղңҲ˲𣬾Ȼɱˡ
ղǿЦ
ղһʿɫɭɱǰһղƵĻϨˣղʱ죬Ҫ֪ղƿղҵ飬޹ҲǳȻȺȴȻ˸ɱˣ
£һɳǿǰ򣬶ƬȺղǿûô֪˭ɱһĹϾɱղƵѾֵ˾֪ʲôܡǣȺղǿߵڵ׷ɱһˣʱǰְˣֱӹɱ
򶥶ˣ޾£˻ĹĹ㾹ҲҶһ˶죬á
롣
쵭Į
һһɺڳֱӽʿĻϡ
ֻͼʥϢƵɿ쳯˳˹ȥٶȿ硣
ȻǸȫ
䵭
ֻͼˣһ˲佫˵ͷ­£һն顣
ʱ䣬ղʿ־ŭ
ɱ
Ϊ׵һǿŭ𣬻󣬱˸ԶˣЯһɱ졣
Ϊһشϱ鲼磬ʼһѹ±ͱ˴Ƭռ䣬ɱ֮ǿľˣ𺳡
ɫĮוּһһѪɫڳհŭնϡ

Ѫɫشײһ𣬵ƵĻ
Ȼ£һ˲Ϣǿǰɫȭͷȭâʮһ±ѹ˴Ƭա
ЩɲĶֵǿ߼뵽ղһȭǼһǿߣǾļ¡
ɱ
ղҵĴһֱӳһǿĴͨͬʱٺˣ֮ľ룬ʵǶǵޱȼɵ
һܼɱʣ֯˿˿֮ǺӰѹ졣
ı˿䣬Įɫȭͷһǰ
һȭȫֲȭݿֱ࣬ӴղǿߵĴͨ漴ವһŵصǚiٴԷǰ
ǿ߱ɫͨչһɱػ֮Ի
ɱ
ŭһɱͨѹ죬ͬʱشʹֲ֮ɱ
ߣһ⣬һʼѪɫ񽣣һʱ䣬ԴŹâͬʱղǿѹ˹ȥ



ճƬƬıն飬һ𣬽Ա߶˵ǰԴ߶ļƣ˲ѹشղǿϡ
ʱ䣬۵һղǿֱըһǱӳ

һִˡ
ٴγֻͼֻͼѹ£ֱӽǿߵ顣
Ĺʵ̫ˣֻͬһƻɳָ⻮ֱ쳹˽ղǿߣղǿ߲ɱǰʱ־ŭ
ģ
һƿ
£ҵҲУһɱ
ղǿߵ
䣡
Ҳʱǿڳɫ籩һϯܡ
һǿһղǿֱӱ˳ȥԶڿѪ
ˣ
ɫĮʱһֱӽԻ漴ٺֻͼһ۳ǿֶΣֻͼ
ûʲôֳŴֻͼֱӳղǿͶȥ
һʱ䣬ռŤ͵ıǵȿֲ˽Ǳɫ
ˣҪӲ
ղɱһǿ߽еºֱӳˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳǿٺܣʱ򶼸о˴ֻͼĿ¡
ȻֻͼˣٶҲǼ죬ղȺʿһʱͿʼˣȴɻ˱¡
ʱ۵ղǿֱը
һĻղʿŭˣͬʱвɵö˺⡣
㡭
Ǹǿ߶죬Ŵֻͼ඼ݺݳ£ֻоͼǿһа㡣
һ΢΢ȡ
һս֮ǰ˲٣ΪѾﵽ۷ˡ
졣
ڲһϣɵǣ

䣬ֱӳͨǰɱȥ
Գʶһգɱ֮ˡ
飡
ｫʶԻԲ£ÿһֶʥޱȣƾˡ
ʱ䣬ղǿѹø
򣡡
Ǹǿߴһ߼һ߷߶
ղǿȻûгɣȫʩΪҰһ߶
䣡
һʱ䣬ٴγʮ˺һ𣬴ͬһǺӡ
򣬾У
Цֱӳ𣬽ľˮֵתѹ¡
ҲԵĴ򣬾ʱѾû˶٣ȴļ¡
ǰŴֻͼϣѹղǸߣͬʱԿر߶һɱ⡣
䣡
ȽЩˣһʱ䣬ﱻĹ֡
ǿײʮձֻͼһն飬漴ֱӽĥ
ʱղʿɫһǿˣǿߣȻȫɱˡ
䣡
ﬣ
뵶һֶ֯γȺԼնһǿߡ
ʶҲǿ۵ˡ
ʱղʮǿߣʣʮһˣʮһУǿĴڴ죬Ҳдˮ׼ɴ˿ȴЩľͿ־
ߣŴֻͼֱɱ˹ȥ
ۣ
ֻͼһֱӽһǿ飬˵ĥһɶ
ﬣ
񽣻콣еʽԾһն
ǰɫȭգƾһͨ
ۣ
һǿ߱飬Ҳһһȭ¡
Щˣʣµİ˸ղǿ߽ÿ־漴һ̣ǺԳŲͬķɳȥͬʱѡ˶ߡ
ӣ
Ц
µһ˲䣬ܣϸֳƣзнմ󣬽׼۷󣬽˷ĿռȫˣĽ߳ȥİ˸ղǿȫ˻


877 Ԫ
ղҰ˸ĴʿǱɫֳƣ̲סһЩƽΧȫˡ
ɱǡ
԰˵ֱӿȥֻͼһѹ¡
֮ǰطսһղʿʱͰпӡ˷ͽմ󣬷ֹϢ磬ҲֹЩղʿߡ
ȫ׹⣡
Цѹ¡
˸ԼǿֶΣֻ֮ƺƵղҵİˡ
ʱ䣬۵𣬰˱ķ飬ȫ
㡭ǡ
ʣµ־ֿ֡
𶯴ֻͼֱѹ£һղʿǣնɱ
ﬣ
ԿرʩչƺƵĳѹȥ
۵һһ˱ɱһʵǿǱ˿ȥ±סǱվڲԶϢ
粽ϣֻͼͷ֮еĸ߲ʣղҴӵǲʮʿʵȫ֪ǼЩ᲻ۡ
ղһ˾ǿ󣬵ȴҲ֪ԼӲһھж񶾵Ķ죺㡭㲻Ҫ⣡ȫսǲǿˣ漶ĳϳ֣ʱǶһҲ
˵ţ˴Ȼ֪Ҳƾյǿͨ
𶯴ֻͼֱԷͨ
ղҵ˸ȫɱ˾ǡ

˵һֻͼһ̶ĲҽУһ
һʱ䣬ﰲࡣ
һֻͼɢȥջڣ漴ֽ̧ղץУֱĨʶӡ
Сӣʵ˲
Ĵų˹
ġ
Ц
칬ʱΪһأʵˮǴڣǿ˲١
Ҫ㲻ʱϵǻд鷳
˵
ղʮǿ߱ǿߣӳ֣ǵѹȷʵСв켰ʱ֣λ˵
Цŵͷ۵ϵղʿĲʬѪ˵һʵĺǿֱӾǲʮǿɱôȥղڣǿߵкܶࡣ
Ļ涼΢΢˵ͷ
Ȼ¡ϲĴʵԶղΪĶĴʿȻ٣漶ʿͦ࣬ڣһڵӵ򡣡

üǿߣʵǺֲܿ
ʲô˲ģǼǣɰʻһƣֱǣ
ﹾ¡
죬棬
汩
еĴɣҪǿͨǿҪǵÿԼ
˵
ѵõĺ޳Ļ
ԱߣҲͬеĵ˵ͷ
Ʋ죬˷ۡ
ʱڣˣȲǹƨղҡ֮ǰǷһأоʱʱԵص¶·в䱦Ǹʱǡɱղ˵ɱǷӡڸϽȥ·䱦ڳ˵һھ޴󣡡
˵⻰˫۷Ź⣬·Ŀһھ޴㣬ˮ
Զݣ漴Ľմͷһ뿪
úһɽһڡ漴ֿɺǰһεĽʣ˷Ϣȫѹˡ


˵ţеʮν򿪡ʱ䣬صֱһƬϼңϼн֯ŷǳ˵ʹһ̹ͨ
оȣϼܲǳˡ
˶٣תƹ⣬ŵ׸Ӷɿĳŵص֮ӿȥú¶ɫ
ôСӣʲô֣ǲҵ䱦ˣ
ı飬ʵ
ûҵҡͷŵвٵĵԪ⽻֯
ʲô⣿
һǲ
Ԫ⡣ͣԪɴʱữɱ֮ն벽漶ǿߡƽʱУЧ
ôһ˵һʱȻ΢΢ݡ
ǣƽģǿ񱩵ģ
ʵ
ȽϺãƽ״̬˵˿һЩƽǣȻ֮
һǵͷ˳ɾ롣
ڵɽһ;ǶžţΪƿ
ָ̧֣⽻֯ܲԷֹϢ类ʿӦ漴תƿʼǣص׵ĵԪ⡣
ˣ
ŵһͬ֩һ㣬漴һ̣һĹ
Ǿڵصףһǣܿͻɢץʱ

һͷæתԵĹžȳԪɹȥ
һʱ䣬һһ
ǿܣԴҪ
ȡ
ɱ벽漶ʿĵԪ⣬̵Ȼ

һǣԪӿϣһҲԪ뵽ȥ
ԴԱߣСһӦȳܣʱ˹һϲһԪ⣬ʹЩ
ˣ
âԪĹУɢϢøǿͬһʱ䣬ŵ׵Ҳ貸ܼٵӿ뵽طĵص
һۣȥ
ʱ򣬾صµĵԪѾȫǣ˳ʹһ˶˲СĺôΪ˴ҲʱһĨâڵص֮·ȻƵĴڣһܼ޷͸ȥټ̽ѰֻڽʩչſƿȻơ
£ºһ¡
ȻƣǺöͨŷǷãϽȥ

ţǣңȻƺһǳ䱦
ק˫֡
ͷӣڵϣƻһѴء
תۣһӳ֣ң·㻹ڲϹѡ
һУͬԴʱǰ㣬λöסӡ漴һ·ŵص׶ȥԼȥʱͣѾصˡʱǰһƣʮϣʮ㡣
ȷʵȻƣԱ£֮ΪȲԵͨ
˵
Ȼƿ԰ʿõͨľ裬ҲƿƣԱ£˫ĬĬʶݻһ
Ҳһߣŵâ֯Ȼڲͨ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱһȺۣһЩȻƲͨ󶼵õ˲Сĺô
ˣڿƿЩˣʲô䱦
˫۷Ź⡣


878 ʥĹ
⽻֯ŵâƹ˸ΪӾˡʱĻ΢΢ͷֵֽӡ漴ǰѹȥ
ͣ
һ죬ǰȻƶʱ纮һ𣬿ʼһڻֽ⡣
֮󣬴ԼȥʮȻƳɢ
ʱһŨķ㴫һһ
ȥȻ֮һСˮݣһˮݵĴɫҺ壬ͬԽһ㣬һ⽻֯ϡ
֭飡
ʱһ
˲֪ν֭ʲôȴܸоҺķǷ̵̫ŨˣԴҪ౶·еһ㡣
飡
˫۷
ʱԣʲôС顱˵ģȥʵ˾
͵֭飬ɵֻһЩǷĵңһ۳Σ޾ܣ׹֮Ч׳꣬ϴʶҿԪȶϸļأһ۾Ϳ˳ǾâΪĶȻطһСˮݣֱ̫ˣǿ߼Ҫ𾪡
漴һ΢΢ݣüô֭飬ĵӦúܾ˲Ŷԣǡֻ֭ڷǷشŻᵮ˶֭飬ĵƱӦ÷ǳΰŶԣǣ̽ȴûʲôĸӦ֮ǰ⣬ûκرĵطоȥĵͨƺһѣ͡˿մߡ
֡
üͷ΢Щ벻ͨ
̽Ѱĵ磬ȴûʲôر֮
գҡҡͷٶ롣
ǣ
Ű˺
͵أ

£һСˮԱ߸ѡһλã뽫žķתһ֭ͬ顣
ʱ֭ɢ⣬һƵĳһӿȥŨȻ
ˣ
˸â̫ľתĺƽͣǣ̵֭ڣԼʶͬʱҲԼѪ
ȵǳͣںһԼȪеĸо̹ͨʶøӨ彻֯ŵĻҲǿʼǿ
Ѫ⣬ʶĵУֻоʶҲǿʢ漴ݻԼĵһ֯ܡ
ˣת۱һʱȥ
䣡
ʱһɴӿ֣ǿյɺӴ˰㡣
޷Զƽ˫ۡ
أ

ն̫ŻͺΪѾﵽ˴۷壬󣬸ղٵԪ⣬Ȼǰݻͨ壬ΪӾԣʱ֭ܿ뵽˴ĲΡ
΢΢ȭøǿڵۻ룬ʵԵҪǣǿ࣬ʶҲøӨʶ˲١
ã
а
Զ˶٣ٴα˫ۣԭĬĬȹ̾磬漴ֹȥʱ󷽲վ
ʱ򣬰˺Уûдţһߡ
תۣʱȥ
䣡
ȽӴڶ뵽졣
ѹЦĴڷɵԱߡ
쿴һۣû˵ʲô
ܿ죬չȥ
պ󣬰ͻƣǴӴڶشﵽأʵ
ʱСˮе֭ѾȫһҲûʣˡ
߰ɡ
Ц
֭ѾˣûбҪڴ˵ء
һǵͷʱھ·ŵȥ
Ȼһ˸ոտiԶʱ͵һ죬ʹĿ̱ñ˲١
һȻУͷȥֻţ֮ǰʢ֭СˮУһƺð˳
ʱһ˶Щȡ
˸ƹ⣬ŵӶ˷ʱһ
ۡأ
졣
ԱߣһȻڵƵȶǲס
ͣۡأų֮ۡ˵ţоâ֯ѾɿݵСˮˮƺۡصһģ֮ǰУ⴦ģӶƵĸ֪ǣ֭ѾȫҶĸӦɺ΢ңЩ
Сˮðĺ΢΢üͷеƹ˲øʢԴΪȫ߶ʹüȥƱø財漴ȥɫһ䣬ͷص׵ĵط棬Ĺ
ʲôԱߣһԾۣ棬С

촫ֱӴĻ
ʱǸɿݵСˮΪģһѺ۷ɿĳӿȥ漴ϴǽŵ׵ĵֱ̮ˣȻ
ЩˣһƬŭڷӿֶԾ
ת̫ľɫƵһȫУгȫ档
ôĹ̫Ũˣﲻ˵ƬɸӲ򿪹֮ǰֻΪλУЩ˿漴ű֪ôһƬɸвѵĳĹ
ۡ
ܣȻǿʢĿ£ҲرˣǿǧҲԶԶﲻĹļ𡣡ҡͷƬɸھԶ֣ǿԪɿʱԼ
ӦþˡͷķǳͬҲôġ·Ŀ̾âȥ룬ĹĺöӦò٣
ʱ֪ΪʲôԼһʼƸӦĵƵ⣬ⲻΪСˮ֭ǡþƬƵһƸ֪ΪƬۡһĹƼ۵˴Ĺڡһ㣬ѡĹλڱضܲ򲻿ܿرһĴڣƷһǳķ
ȻҪȥϽȥ

һûԥ½䣬ͬʱҲСĽ䱸ܡ
ܿ죬ʮȥһصףЩʪĵϡ
𣡡
µ˲䣬һ˫˫аͫ𣬻Ǳ̣Ѫ죬ϣǽ֯Ũڹ⣬ɭˡ
漴һ̣ʬ˹٣еͷǣеıףеľгβѪⸯãȫ塣
Щʬĳģ֪ˣĳǿߵĹңģĹǰʱҲһʥ
˵
ͷһӣƬâնʬȫ顣
ǰع
ʱָǰ


879 ʮŹ
˳ŰָķȥֻŻ谵ĵص׿ռǰȷʵһȫʯɣԵޱȣǺڵصһͷޡ
ߣȥ

ص׿ռһƮڿУǺܳʪϣʱʱὦһЩˮˮְɫ·Ѫһ㣬һɭɭȻĸо
𣡡

Ųʬһ˻𣬺Ƶ˹ȥ
ЩʬܲףвٿͨɼĴڣһȴ㲻ʲô̧֣ɫâɨʬȫķ顣
ǵٶȺܿ죬úǿɣ;Ҳ֪ն˶ʬޡ
¡
ͣ
ŵӣúƿһ棬ץһ޴龧жʮһǲ죬Կȶʮͨ龧ˡ
һƬɭɭĵطȻô޴龧
ľ졣
˵ɭɭֻǿͷΧѣûаϵ˵ۡأһ龧ڵص£ûʲôֵġ
龧һٴγǰȥ֮ƿ·Ѱʮ龧ڳһЩȣֵǷǳĲơ
ܿ죬ĴĹǰŲʬаǻ
һ˲⣬֣ɫâɨǰʬȫ漴ǰѹϣһƣ֨ѽһŴ򿪡
䣡
ʱ䣬һɼŨгͬһɵĴڱڡ
׼Զ˷ĻȻˣķĻȴ˲䱻ʴ٣ź󷢳͵졣
ôǿᣬĹǰȻʥҲǶĴڡ

ûô⣬˾䡰Сġ󣬵ǰȥ
ʼһռʱø谵ЩͬʱҲøӱ䡣
ǰһΪһͷβѪⸯֻ࣬һֻۣɢϢȴǺܿ£Կ˺ǿߡ
̧֣򵥵һƳĵķ顣
ʱһ˴ǰֻĹǳ򵥣ֻһֱͨͷ
ŵ˸ʩʩȻӿȥͬȥǰ򵥣ĹޣӦþͷطΪۡأǸڼȻĲһǻὫ÷ۡĵĵط̽Ѱ֣ƬۡĵĵطĹ޵Ҳ
Уȥ

һΪȻҲո˵󣬵±Ψһĵߡ
УԶҪŨһ˶ǳĻĻ壬ҲЩ죬ת۾ͽһС롣

̶˻𣬼ͷµаѪ룬ѪĶħһ㡣
쵯ָһƬâɳȺû뼸ͷаüģʹͷ­ը顣
䣡
Դӿиа֣εʬһЩǴĹһЩѪⸯãϢǿвٿȴĴڡ
΢΢ݣǵʵնɱͨĴǿߣܿȴǿߵа̫ˣһɲ򵥡ʱǸԶ
һһͬʱ֣ǿͨѹϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۣһͷͷаըǻɫĻҽǻһ̯ŨѪ
ˣһŴƽܿͷһʯǰ
Ĺޣ
ʵ
Ӧò
ͷ
ɨӵĽۡص򣬶ȥʯҲܲ򵥣ʯϱ鲼ɽͼһܼĵۣǲܾŨŨȴҲǴһϣضĹɡ
ü˿һЩǰһ֣˺ܴǽʯƿ
ʱ䣬ŨڻˣʹʯĿгһڶЩˡ
ߡ
̫ľɫĻƽʯС
ʯҷǳƽŨҲвٱ˸ɢҵķֲʯҵĸ
鱦񣬶ʥģ
һ۾Ϳһɫֽ̧֮ץ˹˫ǹ
бʯȻ
ץһʯѪɫҪǿࡣ
Ҳǳ֣ץһ챦ֵǺܲкüִʥģ۷ǿ߶ͷ­ȥᡣ
Ĺʵǿᣬɸﻹռ˲Ȼĺñ

춯֣ץٱһڽҲǴʥϣóȥһ˵Ĵ䶯漴䣬ĿһһԹΪ˵ӣʮŸˣֽ̧֮ץ˹
ۿʮŸ˹ϽǿзĪ磬֯źܿµϢȴйĹ϶Ѻۣƺһ¾ͻ
̧ͷץȥʮŸ˹죬¶Щɫƺһֻʼɱݻɣһ󷨣ʮŸ˹һչԿԷͨʿ˵ţҡҡ˴Ĺ춼ѺۣϧֻǣȥѾĺأֻʹһˡ
һҲˣϾԷͨǿߣһڴɱ
֮
һѰʯңԶȡ˲ٱжȫ˸⡣
ʣˣ
ڣʯ棬һѪʯ餣ôôһ㡣
ۣѾȡбڻȥڱ˵Ĺײģⲻðɣ
СѾͷʲôѪ׵ģͺܲһиõĶ

ۣ졣
ӭѯʰ˵ͷǸԣϾΪĹԣƽΪĶԼĹʬԣǷǳ¡
Ǿʹ

ү
ǰ˵צһӣѪɫ餵Ĺ׸ƿڵء
һʱһɺ˵Ϣӿ׸ǱƿڤĴű˰㣬ںѹѹһƬһ˫ѪɫͫѪâ
һ˽Ǳɫ
̧֣һѽץͬʱݻȪʥֱǰն¡
ȪʥѪâײһ𣬷죬ѪâըͬʱҲʯҺݺݻһ¡
ģʬˣ
Ѫڡ
ѪɫУһֻ԰׵צϳëץסѪɫ餵һߣ漴ڶֻצ̽Ҳǳëץסһߡ
һʱ䣬µϢӿһ߸ߴվͫѪ죬ȴǲ԰ףͷϣҸһֻǣͬǴеĶħȺһ㡣
۷弶񣡡



880 ؿ̻
Ѫʯ߳ȷʵ壬ղ԰ֽƣԵЩºˣƲԿ澳۷ǿˡ
ģѾʬȴ͵Ϯ׵ˣ

ʬͺ𣬲԰׵ԵЩˣסֱһצץ˹ȥ
һʱ䣬ʯҺ¡¡졣
ֱӳ
໥һʹʯҸҵĻζҪ̮˰㡣
Աߣ춯֣ûʲôֱӳֻͼƺƵĳǰѹȥ
һߣҲǸչֶΣͨһʬ¡
𣡡
ʬϢ̼С
е鷳ȻΪûǻ۵ԵʣʵսԶȲ۷ǿߣǶԣȴǲսʤ
ڵ񽣻ն׿ʬ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Ҳ񽣣ɱҪʯҸƷˣϢˡ
û˵ʲôŵӣҲһѪɫ񽣣֮ʩչʽնһĿĽ⣬һɱ֮ƣʬԶ
𣡡
ʬסΣ̶ĹХһ˫ͫѪˣϢ
ͷ˫ǣëطۼףһצͬʱһ
̵ģ˻ôţ

һʩչĸǿ߶ɢƶʱǡ
ǿʬȴվЩֱӱʬһצˡ
䣡
ﬣ
µĵһʬȥ
ǿ£飡
ｫʶһ֧ʬ
˵һޱȾ˵ʬ̫ǿˣȻĻɱֻһצӣϢѹ£̼ĥһС
Ув

һ۷弶񣬹ǵ񶼺ܹ΢Щź߰ɣ⣬ĵ˵һģˣٶôͻȻô죡
ǰϢʬʱٶͻȻʮͬһɱʹܶЩˡ
䣡
ʱ𶯣һͷδ͸ʯҵײһʬɨ˳ȥһʱʹʯҵ鵭Щ
ǣ
һҲǲ졣
Ƕ˿һЩһ
ʱڡ
ʱѪɫŵһԻ˳۶ԿЩԻƬʯҵĵص£һ龫˳Ϊһͷͷͨ쳹ص޵һ㡣

˺Զݡ
𣡡
ǰʬ԰׵׿֮ɫӶצƵаͬһ֮⳯ѹ¡
ʱԵúƽŵ΢΢˸ʱ䣬ϵĴ
໣
̶ͷĽʬɨɣԶԶײʯҵľͷ
粽ϣиĴʯҵص׳΢պա
ۡоʬʬĵ۴Ѫ뿪ǿԺܺõƿƬۡˣԽۡΪãʱǣ˳
𣡡
Զʬվٴ졣
¡¡ģϵϢøŨˣҪɵһС
Դˣƽŵӣһٴνʬɨ˳ȥеһεεѪ
á
ۡ
ǺסĿʬʱȴһͿ
ʵڿԳؼ޵֮һƿֻҪһЩشǿԽش֮Ϊöս޵֮󾳽սֱ׾٣򵥵ͬԷˮ
̾
ʯҾͷλãһʬһαɨɣһֱѾ
𣡡
ģϢ׿Ϣͻأ֮ࡣ
һʯҶһޱ˵Ϣɢ
Ⲩ
ʱɵüΪϢ
ƣͨǿ߱УҲԻ˲䱻ڵ
ȻҲϢĿ£졣
𣡡
ʬٴηһ𣬾ֱһ˳׿ĳɱȥ
һʱ䣬һʯڵսڽ̮ʯҲ̱鲼Ѻۡ
ǰȻܸоʬ˿̵Ŀ£ɫȴԵúƽ
ˣ
ŵ׵Ʊø貣Լ䣬ʯ֮и˳
ɱ
³֡
һ̣ٱʲôֱʩչеĹƬۡǣĴƺƵĳɱʬûȥ
ʱɿֲ໥ײһܷӿһС
ܿ죬ʮȥܼ鵭࣬Ϣֱӱѹȥ
ۣ
ʬһ̶ļУֱǰըѪˮʯضǡ
ʱʯɭϢøˡ
ˣٰ
ۣ۷弶εһͷ񣬾Ȼôնɱˡ
ǿ󣡡
קһԷȭ죬ǹ⡣
ǰ֮⽻֯ʬըĵطһöȭͷСѪƯڿУӨ貣ʱɢŨϢд֯
漶εѪٿ˰ˣҲֱΪ
г
涢ǰҲǶݡ
öȭͷСѪֵߵ
춢ǰҲв죬û뵽ʬھôһöȭͷѪǺö۳תһ룬ۡأʬǰĵĵطѪҲ
һ֮⽻֯Ѫץ˹˶ٺܼƽ֮ƣȡһСƿСĽ֮У
ˣѹѪˣ֪ʲôö
Щ˷ܣֱĴų˹ȥеݻ쫷磬ѪеȫɢȥʹѪɫ餵ȫ¶˳
漴һһ
յģ
ۡ
Ѫɫеȫɨ⣬ʱȥյģҪ˵ʲôһͷ˿
ҲǵۣӦðֻԼʬ棿
ſյѪףЩơ
쵹ǲô⣺ȡĶȡˣҲûʧʲôù߰ɡ˵ţʯȥһ̣۽֮ǰƵڵصʯ׹׸ϣڹ׸ﾹǼһؿ̻ȵȣж


881 𶴸
ͼӡڹ׸ôܲѰ߹ȥ׸Ǹ
ʱһؿͼȫ¶һ˵ҰС
ʲô
΢㶣Ҳǰ
ȥͼһ帱һΪɽӣƺƬɸһСͼڶͼ̻һƬɽͦΣޱڣͼ̻һⱦ˸һƬ͡ķͼ̻ĵӡޱǿᡣͼ̻ӰӰģݣȴƽɢѹµϢһ̫һ˻ơ
һһ𣬸ɫ
⡭ǣ
̲ס¡
ǿ죬һҲ𺳲ѣЩ˸ֻһͼȴԵӰ·ʵһ㣬Ȼֻǿ̻е̫ͻⶼ𺳣оˣ඼ɵó¡
Աߣ˸𾪣ȵİ⡣
⡭
һʱЩ˵
ֱȥκֿڣе£үûв´̻еˣӦþǴнƬɸλ̫ͻ𣡡˵ţֵңĹǰһۼ̻λĻ棬̻ͼ⾳
Ĺǰ̫ͻ𣿣ôܣеľλڵʱҲ֪жˣĹǾ˴ͬһʱôҲ񰡣ͼҲͼǧºۼѣ
ۡ׸ͼĹҵʷֻмǧ꣬ɾŴڵȴԶԶʱΣҪ׷ݣƾʮǰпǰǰˣ˹ͣĹôǧǰ
Ҫ֪ʮʷԣûܴʮ֮ã񵤣ҲܶʮѣϾڶηͻʧȥЧĻʿҲԳɾ㲻ˡ
ŴҲֻܻʮ꣬رѹҲܶʮ֮ĹܿǵŶԡ
֣
ͻȻ
ȥֻŹ·ȷʵһй֡
ݻƣǧɢȻԪԵһɵ
˳о仰ŵį
ʱһ˶Ƕݡ
仰Ĺįִͬʱ帱ͼҲණ
һ˴ӵһͼ¿ͼ漴ӦǧǰĹƬɸһƬɽżȻһкĵӡ·漴һƽЩģһǰУúԶԶ̫ͻӰо̣Ҳʱͨǰ·ķĵӡ̫ǿ䵱ʱʵҲ޷⣬ֹֻ˳
˵ţָŹ׸֣ʱĹƲⶴЩĵӡΪݻҪǧ֮ŻɢǣԪʱҪսᣬȻѾԶԶûǧɻ޷붴λãֻÿźǰһڹ׸į뿪
Ű⻰һ˶΢΢ͷƲ⣬ӦǷǳĺ
˶ԣ̻ӦĹǰΪĶˡǰ֮ڹ׸ҲһֱţִǾˣѹʬ

Ҫаȿɲ򵥣ۡأҲûôףõĹܻʬҪΪִ
Сֹǲ֪Ĺǲ
СѾͷ治ۣڻǲѾҪˣʱ˫۷Ź⣬ǼڣȻ֪ĹǰӰǷΪ̫ͻԿ϶ǣƬһͬһ㣬еƬɸ𱦲أӦþǴƬ
Ź׸ͼԵø˷ЩŵڣǶλãǿԵһʱҵ򣬾ĹµĻԣôǧȥЩĽҲӦɢĲˣ㻹нƴڣҲԲǿȥǵƿʱƬ̲ص𱦲صȣȫǵĿڴ
⻰һۣ˫ҲǶʱһܾϲı顣
԰
קһȭͷ
죬ҲǶݣĻҲ¶â
ߣ
ֱӣӡĨȥ׸ͼֹʿ󵱼ʯȥ
ߣ
˷ܲѣĴųԴϡ
ԱߣҲȥ
Ƭɸǳ嫣ǶǺأѱ֣ȴʥĹõ̻֪Ƕľλã׾ҵֻҪҵУ˵𱦲صȣǣ
ֱ˵һʥأ
ͼֱʥмֵ
߳ʯңٶȺܿ죬ʱ·ŵλöȥ
𣡡
Уа࣬й˻𣬷̶ĳһ
컽һѪֱӻ콣âܼĽɫâͬһǰеаһɲǼ䱻ǵȿֲĽâʵķ顣
ˣԼһʱһ˱ʱ·³ڵر֮ϡ
ͼļأǶӦɸĶϷͷ

ԣȥ

ҲԣٶҪ죬ҲϢòҪκ˷ǵӰ
һڵҲǼΪ˷ֵĻֻʡ
ͷߣ
뿪λãܿѾƬɸʿܿɸޣСĵӰͬʱٶҲǼ죬Ͼͷȥ
ܿ죬߸ʱȥ
ʱһ˰Ѫɫ׸ڵ̻ļأ뵽һɽУ漴ֹȥʱѰһɼҶֻ֮һɹ⻷ơ
ɹǷǷдϢȻһĴǿҲǺѿԿļֻ߱ʺͳǿʵʿſԲ׽Щɹ⡣
ƿͨȴԼһɳʥ֮״
н֯â
طܱϿȥûʲôˣ̵ȴԾͷš
죡ȥ
ߴ١
ͷ£һٽ붴
ڵĿ΢ЩȴǺ㣬Ҳһʮλú󣬷һͷιǰѾȥ˲֪ãƺһͻữҽ̬ȴԵðׯأȥǰƺһֱػ
ǰҲȴȻԸػֱȥ
һ̲סͷһ


882 λ
˽ԳԾһͷ漶սö˵ʲôԿѹһȴǸԸĬĬػ
Ŵйصĵط
һֻô̾
ȥʱ̫Զ׷ݣܱûսĺۼӦ֮ǰǸĹǰѾȥԪɿ
˵
˶ǲ⣬Զ˶٣Ƭȥ
һǰߣе⽥øŨˣԼһֻֻʰ쵵Ļڿᣬַ·һСڷ裬ʣ档
ͨ˵еɽ·һ
ֹ
һԵЩСģӲҲ죬ǱȽƽܽ
ⶴͨǳҲң߶ҲǺܾˣһǰ˴ŰǰֳһǸַĺ͸ֹӡ
еϢҺŨ
ӦþĹνĴݻɵĽˡ
̫ǿ
һи˿˿â
ǰķӡâ֯еĲͬһ㣬ϢȴǺŨ·һһȼյĩβҪϨ
Ĺ־䣬ЩĵӡӦѾĽ

ͷ̫ľܼķĵӡǰУҲǷǳ򵥡
һҲԳžķԽ֯⣬ǰ粽
ˣ
һâ֯иַĵӡҲԾͬڹ⺣ǰС
ǰУͨ·꣬еâתһƷ㽻֯
ЩԭֻͨĲֲ࣬ΪеЩĵӡһ̡

һ˳ԵĹžķĵӡдУúԶ㣬н֯ƣƿһǵ棬·ץһ龧Ө龧ء
Ǳߣ
ǰ̧ץһҶϻΪһֱҩ׳ʶ֮Чʵϣܹͨ׳ʶЧʵˣȴǲͨΪʵ̫ˣٳǧ꣬һ̵ԶԶͨԴ۷ǿ߶Զ䡣
ڷƣ˸һ˽Сĵĳȥúջͨ龧龧ҩȶѰ˲٣ңֵǲơ
ģһԽԽȥеķӡԽԽǿˣҲʱǰĵϳһּԵЩԾתϡ
ͿʥϧiڴˡʶּѾмǧʷϢ֮ǰĹϢһ£ӦĹǸʱߵݻķĽ裬޷ٳ
ĹǽͿʥͿĨͿֹΪʲôɱ
ЩԵɨһۣǱʶǹⶼ뵽ɱȥ
ǸͿʥʱӦҲǺǿĴڣʱߵ޷еķĽƣߵȴûиеѹڣһЩпʱһС
бһۣпƦӷ񲻰䣬Һܲϰߡ
үģ

췭˷ۣӣǰȥ
еķӡӵľˣÿһ϶зӡ֯ԽǿеķĵӡԽǿ߹һξһ˽ѹ
Խɫâ壬һ磬ʱŢ֮У֮ǰЩˡ
תۣǰӹȥ
ʱǰķӡޱܼâǷǳҫۣоϢ
оǶһɽǰˡ
ﹾ
ʱһĴѹǰķӡ̫ڿˣȻǿ죬Ҳͬˮۡ
·

һ֧̫ľһת콣Խɫ콣âնһӡˣҪЩ
ܿ죬һ߳˼ԶѹøӴҲʱǰһʯһصɳһӽʯˡ
⡭Ϣ̫ŨȻһͨʯ޳˵
ۡ
ʯΣһˣֱӻӳ˶ʯȭݺһȭȥ
ǰʱȭӭȥ
ײ顱һԶǺһ
ǿȰ벽漶ǿˣ쿪ڣŵǻȱһ𹥻Ҫʱ䡣
£ֱӽֻͼ֧
䣡
ˣ
ǿ£һߣҲԵĴͨһɻʯѹȥ
һʯ˱𿪣˳ȥԶ
ϡ

ǰ콣âֻͼٴѹϡ
ʯȻûǻۣվܿȰ벽漶ʿûôɱ
һ˸ԳǿֶΣ뷨ƺƵĳǰ¡
飡
һΣʯ˱ˣεʯһѺۡ
ʱʩչǚiһһӰ˲ϢƵʯ˽ǰȭҡ
ˣ
һȭȫһֻȭͷһֽɫݺݵʯ˵ϡ
һʯ˾ֱӱķѣһʯû˶
һȭһ벽漶̬
ֹ
콫𣬼ǰУ콣âϻնһġ
תۣʱȥ
ʱһѾ޽ӽһ𺧵ǰǰǲԶĵطһʯںʣǰӰţһ̫⽻֯ܵ·Χתƺˡ棬һ˻⻷壬һƴâ񷴹£ǿᡣ
ӰòԿ壬ȴ飬һ˼Է飬һļ¸С
ơ𣡺͡͹׸صһģһ
¡
̫ͻ𣿣𺳣ǹ׸ŵǧǰ£ǧǰǧȥ󣬾ȻȻط
⡭
ҲǶԴɻ
ǰӰϥʱʱ˵Щʲôϧһ˶ֻܿо˵ĵ⻷ϣǿױһƬ嫴硣
ǣӡ֤Եĵ뷨
ʱû⡣

ͷ⣬ֱֱǰ
ʯǰӰһƬʣȴиֱ裬Լ䣬һ˸оһԻͯһ㻷Ӱܱߡ
޾ǰľŴеˣȻ໥ָ̽Եķ͵
ľ
ȥʯΧһ걦ҩٶǧ꣬һЩѵõ񣬼ֵˣǿ߼Ҫʱһ˵ĿȴȫʯǰӰסˣҰҲݲ
ǸطӰƺȷʵݸԵĵ뷨ܱһ⽻֯һƵâƣһһʶ䷱£ƾ졣
оâŨֱֱĶǰ漴Щߣԣⲻʵ壬ƺֻӰ


883 
Ļ˺һʯǰֻӰ
ǰһԽʶתޣӣ漴Ƕݡ
Ĳʵ壡ڣ¶⣺⡭ү֪ˣݵ뷨ʱճĥĵӡǣ
Ӧþ

µһ˲䣬ǰʯǰӰɢ̱ʧΨһƵâɹ⻹ｻ֯š
⡭
һ˽Զݣ¶ź֮ɫϾݵ뷨ӡǰǶĦһʱ䣬һо޴ջ񣬿ȴɢˡ
ǰɹ㣬ֵâ֯ǷʯϺתһĺۼ
ǣ
΢н֯ƹ⣬ʶΪ֮ڣʯڴȥʱ俴΢ɼܼĵƺۼ
ͬһʱ䣬˺Ҳһע⵽һ㣬һ
ʯǰָ̽Եĵ뷨ֵ彻֯ʣʹطĴΪ֮ݻһĽƣʯ˸ֲۣ棬λĵ豣ţ⡭أ
ޱ˷ܡ
ҲЩǰʯڵߣȥ
˵һֱӳֻͼ·ƿǰһƷĽƣʯڿȥ
˺󣬱һӡܿʯԡȻǰеʯǰĹУһ˽ܵĸֱҩҲȫ
ʯЩ޴Եôֲڲƽʱһȴ۴⣬ʯڣͬǶһ챦㡣
ȥʯڱâһƵӡϣԵ嫡
ˣ
ͻȻ⸡Ũ⣬̫ԴâΪǿʢ
˶һƫͷȥֻŰʱЩסˣãֻǶǰʯڣ˻þһ㡣
ﵱ̫ͻ໥ݵʯϵĵۣһ̫𡣡ڣŰѾͷ̫壬̫һʣߵ䲻һȼϢȴʮʯϵ̫µĵƺ̫Դ˹ʹ˲ʲô
˵⻰һĽı顣
ܵõһ컯
еˡ
䣬һԼƽ漴תǰʯڡ
үҲҪô컯̫񷨣ͨͨү
С
һߣתžжâ֯ǰ
һʱ䣬һ˸⣬иԵӳһƵơ
ˣ
ɫʣʶһҡҷһ֮⣬߶һʶ֯һ뻷ϣһǳʯڶȥ
ʯϣֹƵ۽֯ʶܣ̼оޱȻĵ̣֮ǰ칬Ǵۻµĵǿ̫ˡ
оȻ̣ǿĴɵһǿԼƽǣԼʶ𼶵̣֮ݺԼĴ
ˣ
̫ľתâ㣬һʶڶڵĴƺǴӳ˯ѹ˰㣬΢΢ӿӿƵʱԽԽҡ
ʶٴγƬĴһɽʣһڣʶϤһƵĵâ֯ؼ䡣
һΣûȥ̽ԼĴʲôĬĬƬﾲ˫۸ƬһУɷ紵ɹܡ
һƬʱŵĺܿ죬ճ䣬ļ棬ֻһһת䡣
ˣ
ģʵУĽâø貣ϢҲøǿʢ
ʯϽ֯ŵ𼶵ĬĬݼĵʹüĴ׳ɳɿΪҲڲϵٶȿľˡ
ϢҲǿʢ࣬ԵĴøǿΪҲĺѸ١
ϾλŴ໥ݵ뷨µĵ̣һƬĵ󣬶ǵ̫ˣ
ʱһǳȵ֮УĬĬݣȫĵȥ
أֲһĹâԽǿᡣ
ˣתۼ䣬һζ
䣡
һ죬һɺڳ漴Ľɫʹâǿʢ࣬ǰһ޴Ѫøʢˡ
еâ֯ã΢΢ȭ䣬ֻоʹ
أ
Ե
𼶵ʵ̫ˣʯǰ£һٴͻƣӴ죬ø̣Դøø
䣡
䣡
䣡
ԱߣǿϢ𣬼ͬһʱ䣬棬һȺǿ졣
ͺһâ֯еǿʢ˲٣Ե˷ޱȡ
漴һƫͷŵ̫ŨˣЩ䣬һƵԾʱΪûʲôǼĴȴǿ̫̫࣬ңԴɢŨŨ
⡭ѾͷƲĴӮң㲻ûŪһž
ۡ
ͷпܣ
ʱ򣬰ȻǴĳľһ̫طĸֵƽ֯ڣ˵һھԵ
һƫͷǰʯڣʶ̽ٴȥ
ʯϣиĶ

ɫâ֯ʶʯϣɨÿһ䣬ۿÿһƵۡЩԾ˸ͬһɽս㣬ǵϢǿˡ
ȻʶڣҡҷһӿһƬ
һ𣬴˿̶ǰʯڣֻоһʯڱޱƺһڻԴȪһȭӰиֱ֣ӣԵ
ʶٱǣȥ漴һֻЩȭӰƺĳ־壬ʹ˫ֲĶ
ʱԵЩʣͬʧһ㣬˫΢ǿڻԴȪиֳȭӰ𶯳һһȭâ

ȭӰԼ䣬Ƭռƺɻ֮漴һ̣һͷʵĻȫ۶ɣһǵ⣬ƺ˺һС
໣
𶯣ɻ֮һ۶۴Ŀպգ֮ǵ̫ں嫣·׾ܱ硣
һʱ䣬ɻ໥ռ䶼Ϊ֮ζ¡ֱ͸ᴩϡ
⻹û꣬ʶʯǵȭӰݻԽԽӰԻǿʢϢϳռ䣬İ˽һƫͷ˹ȥ
СӣǸʲôôŪộᾪƬɸʿģ
̲סе


884 Ϲ
ͨâƣʯǰȭ⣬ǿϢƵⷽУͰԾϢ̫ˣŪĶʵЩ޴
С
ٴοڣ³һСֺȴվûۡ
ʱ뻽죬ΪȶȥҪ˶þͻᾪƬɸʿӶʿȻʲô¡ǣȫĵڻȭʱֹס˺Ļ
˳ӦʯĳϹǳУʱǿдϣܲܵڶʯϸȹ˵пܻṦһԣʧ̫ˡ

𣡡
ˣϳ
첻֪ʲôʱѾ˫ۣΨǿʶ֯ƬռȫľУΨһɻɬµ建ڸ֡
һ̣ϢԵЩһ˭İһһǰĿ񱩣Ͻ֯ɻڿգʵһ㡣
ˣ
ȭʱ䣬նսһƵԻ
ջȭӳȭһ˲Ϣŵ׵ĵѿܼâ
ȳЩˣİľ
ݻһ޵ȭ

⣬ɫâøǿʢˣ΢΢˫ֻۣԭȭ⣬һȭâ˫ֽ֯ӿһϵݻȭʹϵպ¡¡ľ죬տ飬ؾۣڿٵһ㡣
ȳʵڿɲֶɵõ𺳡
ͬһʱ䣬Զĳ˫еİӶ΢¡
ʯʲôȭȭ⣬ֱǿԺأ
ĬԵ涼סˣ˵ôһ仰
ˣ
𶯣һı˰㣬ǵʵ̫ˣе쳹ʹʯϵĵƺۼԼ˹øЩ
˺һŴ˿̵죬нǱ
ˣ⶯ôô󣬷Ѿȥ£ƽʿҲҪڳ𶴸ˣϾƬռʿų϶ǳ𱦲ģڣǵģ˵ҲʯڳãΪҲһЩ
⻰ͬٶ˵ʲôʶȫĹעǰʯڡ
ү
ͺ
ǰʯڣԼʶȫȥĦʯڡ
һʱ䣬һĹâǱŨϢʼһƵӡ
ʯӡλŴĵۣλŴʯǰָ̽Եĵ뷨ĵۣںʿļֵʵ̫ˣһٴͶǵΪɶʼһ
ͬʱһĵâҲøǿʢת۱˸ԵС
ǸԶѪʶڱǿϵս˶
Ǳߵĳȴ̫ˡ
䣡
ʱ΢΢˫ۣ˫ݻȭ⣬໥ײһ𣬶ʱʹƬռ䶼·Ҫ̮˰㣬һֿ׼ѵصơ
˫ֻ֣ǻȭܼ򵥣ȴһ޵еȭ˫ȭ䣬ÿһ𶯳ȭâƬضһ£ֳ
ˣ
ȭ⣬ƬղͣؾۣģϣʣȻǽ˶ûУе顣
ͬһʱ䣬ľǶѪԽԽʢͬһڱȼԶŻ¯㡣
¡
ȭԼ䣬һֻɻȭ漴նϣǻ˻գϡ
һ̣ȭһͷ֮ϣͷâʡ

һ죬Ƭռֱ̮ˣһƿռʶȴһ̱ɢˣݻȭ˸飬ˮԴ˰㡣
ԭأʶУһ·Ծͬһȭͷǽ֯һһǰȭ⣬һۻʺʶ֮ϣʹȭ御ԣʼֻɬһƹ˺ڰ
ʱ䣬һ˫ȭӿˣڣҲŶֻǵĻ˫֡һ̣ɻ˺ͷ࣬Ǵ˵е֮㣬һ޵ĸǴϡ
ӳȭ֮ϣʱ䣬ɿš
תۣǾչȥ
һ죬ãøǿΪȫﵽжΣҸԼ䶼ʯϵõʱûټĦʯڣΪѾ򲻵ʲôˡ
ллأʱûʿطЩ˿ĸо漴һߵ죺СӣȻȭ⡭
ǿˣ
滰򵥡
Զ΢΢˫ۣׯϣɻᣬȸڿգغɽںʣ˷·Ҫƿȥһ㡣
ʹð𾪣쵽ʲôȭȻƣ˶Ŀ֣ʵ̫ˡ
ˣ
ݻȭ⣬Ƭһ£ͬǾ֮
ȭûй̶ȭʽȭǣÿһȭӳһƣĻȭȭǿ͡
¡¡ģռζһƬƬɹⱻ˳ϵѺԽԽࡣ
ˣܿչȥ
һ죬̫âŨ˼㣬漴ֽƽϢΪ뵽졣һ̣ת˶һ˿̡̫
СѾͷѹˣôջΣ

Цһ˷ܵı飺һ̫ž
ԣʱ˵ۣ֮ǰѾµܻطõһžǴ˿³ôһ仰ȴ̲סЩȡ

ڣѵõıԼá
̫һʣطȻջһ̫žֵ

գգۣ漴ǣֻõеĸԴѣûսõͨ
Դˣɵô󷭰ۣСŮ޲֪㣬ܹõһ𼶹㶼Իؼոˣң̫̫໥ϣĹ屦ⲿžǱޱھ
䣡
ǰһʮڻζ
ƫͷȥĿȭϣɵֱӵɴ˫ۡ
ǡ
죬һ̣Լоһѹصȭ


885 ɸ
ʵǱסˣ˫ڲԶȭ죬ϵһ󣬸ǵȿµȭֻ඼ݺݵĳ˼¡
ɻȸȴ˵е飬⣬⣬⡭
Բ˫ۡ
һ̫žһȻҲĺãƺһȭѾ˿ˣԽԽ£룬𼶵Ϲ

䣡
ǰϸ֯ϢԽǿᣬ˷·һ
µʱȭĶȴӵĿˣһʹϵձ飬һƵĿռ
ӳȭԽԽûʽԣЩ£Ȼȥµȭȴַ·ڻŵĹ켣Լе˸
ˣ
ȭȭڷڣǴںν̬ǧ
תۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬ٻȭ⣬˾վԭأٶ
ˣ
һ΢˿ﳯǰһ
䣡
ʱΪģһɺѪ𣬽ɫʶ۳ŵӰŵӰһ޶һ̱ǸԶϻӶȭܵĿռ俦죬ƺҪ顣
ŵӰɽӣ֯ţ˫һ֮ˡǻȭ⣬ԼһѪɫ罻֯ɻԽ
ۣ⣬Сӡ
ȭǿˣңΪѾﵽжΣ

⵽ʲôȭôô£
ľֹס˳ȥĽŲ
һߣԳĬԣû˵ʲôϵľɫȴڡ
һʵ̫ˣʱ죬̫ǿˣģ
䣡
ϣŵһģһӰȭ£ϬǰԵ޵УǾϵĻĹŴٳš
ģϵľŵӰȭٶԽԽ죬ʽ֯ʹⷽڸֳִ⣬һĻζĵӡ֡
ʱƺΪһ壬һ˲࣬¡¡漴һ̣ϵԽԽǿǹâңȹâͻ˶ƣ֯һɿٴγ˲񷣬þɢĶڵĴɽڵ޵ȽһŶķɪɪ
ͬһʱ䣬ƬɸʿǿһĻֻһɽϿɹþòɢǴ󾪡
ǣ
Ҹоһ̣ǿ̣
о񱦳
Ǵ˵е𱦲𣿣
ȥ
𶴸ڵƬɽƬɸһʿĿ⣬ڵһʱ䶯һ
𣡡
޺𶯳գɸһЩǿһҲǶƵӿֱ𶴸ڵƬɽȥ
һУֻΪȭ̫ǿᣬɹϽ֯ʮ

𶴸ڣɾԭأΨоŵӰϻȭΨиܣɢϢԽԽǿΪҲֵҰϡ
ģⶼҪˣСǸ̬𺳲ѣܿʱֳĶǲС룬ٷ֮Ѿɸˣ׼ܿһȺʿɱط
͸
קȭͷ
ǰдâǿʢŵӰģԷһͨ漴Ƶâˢˢ뵽ڡ
䣡
һ˲䣬ɢٴӿѪͬһڣԼ֮ڴþò
漴һ̣Ĵâ뵽ڣʢѪҲ㣬ΨеĽɫâ֯˲Ϣð㣬һɡ
ֻۣ벽ܿˣ
˿Һ
͸𣿡
졣
Ӧǲˡ

û˵ʲôֻǶĹע졣
ʱͬɮ붨˰㣬ʯǰһҲĽɫⶼˣޱ֮ǰȭֱ̬ˡ
˺ĬĬȴתۼǾŸʱȥ
˽ˣ
ͻȻڡ
µһ˲䣬ʮӰ뵽ҰУ⽻֯е򲨶ǴεǿڣȻڴҲߣĶǴڴ죬ǿļ˸Ǵڴ죬ʵǷ
Щ˳嵽ֱӱǼһˣݣϾһڵν룬һֻΪȺն˰սնղƣն˰һʶͬʱɱ˼вս벻˼ǵöСЩʿһ̱ǿǰʯڣһʱ¶ɫǸоʯ̺һۡ
ʱЩʿȫˣٳʯȥ
үͣ£
һ˵ͺЩʿǽŲһ١
ʱ컹վʯǰ֪һʲôؼʱΣԲЩ˳ȥǼпܻŵ졣
ҪʯϵĶԣһᣡ
ڣȻ֪ЩʿΪΡ
Ի뿪ʱ첻ǾԲʿ
ʲôǵһᣬǾҪһ᣿
·

ʮǿ߽ɫ䡣
һźµɭɨʯǰ죬ɨ˺Ц˵ʶͼսղƣԼв򼸸ʯǰ˶ɱһУҲǸ˵ս£˼ɵһƺûʲôˣ
ڵʮ㣬˶֪ЩΪնɱݵǿߣǿսΪƬʿ˺ǿֵǼΣȴʿԣƬʿΪһµֻһˡ
źµȻôΪѾʾ˿̣˱Ӱ˺Ŀ⼫Ϊ䣺ʯǰƺ֮У˲ǣƾһסҵȣѰ·
˵⻰˺Цĸ䣬ɫǱЩ˵صʮǿߵ˵λʯǰ˴Ĺؼʱ̣ʱ޷սһֲΪ壬ƺɱһǵ䱦ƽ֣ٳʯǰ˴֮н֮նȡͷ­尲Դ˺ͻ尲ԼղҽһԵ


886 Բ
źĻ˽ǳ˵˼뵱Щ
ʮǿȴ΢΢ݣŰ˺˶΢΢ۣмиֳһƱ֮⣬ȻЩ⶯
ȻǽЩʿı龡۵ףʱٴοڣȻģôͷ˵ţŰ˺ǰһɭʱǻ֪̣ƾǣҲñֹ֪˴ڴ죬ȥΪĥʵѾг£һΪޱʵ
ӴС˵̶֥СҲүǰŪ
Ц
ٴǧϵ£˳ǧĹ⾰Ȼǰơ޵ʱǻ̡֪ʵǿЦ
˵ɫ˼֣˫ͫе֮ɫŨͷ˻Ҷ죡粽ϣճצ˿˿ƵĹ⽻֯һָǺܿµĶֱӽϵոʴ˲٣һɭϢ
ˣɫʼպĮ΢ɾĻһ£һƹ˰㡣
ͬһ˲䣬Ҳ΢ɾĻһ£ϵʱסˣ
㡭
ۣ
Ѫըֱӷ飬ҲһɢУ
һʱ䣬ʮʿɫ
ô£ʲô
Щ𺳣ţʲôûпǺըˣ궼ûܹݳЩ£Ҫ֪˿Ǵڴ찡
Ψа֪ôһ£֪ǰɱ
СӣɵƯ

ǣ
︽͡ĳżеõһΪоű䣬ǿޱȣɱٶȿ켫弫ޣһ˸Ĺɱ켣
ʮʿٴζݣͰĻԣƺĺǱնɱ
ģ
ôܣ
ղֻվԭضѣûжôлȥɱˣ
Щʿš
һ̣ʮУ˺΢£ղţ񣬻һ¡
һʮʿһըǰĳ
Σһ¡
ȷʵǡ
ѵʱǡ
Щʿ伹һ
ʱЩըǰһ˲䣬ȷʵǻһ£֮ǰֻΪй԰û⣬ڣͻȻЩˡʱǾȻǹ԰ǰڷԼٹɱ»صԭλʱĺ꣬ǰɱ
⡭
뵽£Щʿһȫˣеļǿ߶⡣
ʱѾ˺˾ǰɱɵöһ㤣Ǿ㤵Ĳǰɱ˴ĺһ㣬ǣնɱḶ́Ǿ˭û
һǿʿĿ֮±ɱȴɱߵƶ켣͹ɱ켣һֱΪɱվԭضǺεȵĿ£Ҫ֪ʮпдĴڣҪϢȼǿߵҰɱˣǿҲ
㡭
Щ˶ŰˣǺʯǰնɱ˰սɱвһ𣿶ǵĿɨ棬вɵһ£ѵһҲȰҲһǿ᣿
Щͻأ䣬һɺϮȺ˵ͷ­˲ɵúݺһ
Ǿ仰Ħʯڣԡǣһᣡ
ɨʮˣʱ򿪿ڡ
ƽɴ˿ʮʿУȴ֮ͬ϶
ߵЩʿǲǰʯˣʵǰղնɱֶ̫ˣǾ켣ҪǰʹֶͬԸǣʮУ˭ӵùˣĳ̶ֳ˵ǿǿĻԹ٣ǵʵǿġ
ЩˣղţЩпвٶǶɱġ
ɨЩһֲۣƶĿ⣬ϡ
ʱ΢˫ۣͬһɰվʯǰһҲû˿âͬǻһͨ˰㡣ȻˣվǸطȴ˸оһɴѹһͷ˯ŵĻĹޡ
ֲһʣʱȴͬʱԻһϣìܣȴЭ͡
ӦĴһ㣬Ӧֻһܳͨˡ

ק˫֣죬СΪľ
죬ͬʱҲڽ䱸ĶܣԷֹ˿
쾲ʯǰһʯ·һ㡣վɢϢʱƽʱǿӡ
תۣʱȥ⽥Խ֯âơ
Ͼͺˣ
һƾâ
ҲǵͷȻܹоĳͬʱҲӵĽ䱸
ʱ⣬һ˿˿ɫɢһƴâӿ֣УԼл֮ڴϵձ΢΢ЩŤ漴ַĵӡҲһԾͬһսƮԱߡ
⡭
Щˣʹöʮʿɵýһ֮ɫ
ҲʱһɹԲԶӰطΪ׵һ˺ڷ磬絶ͨ屻Ļâƣǻתһ㡣

ʱ䣬˶ɫ
ɫĮڻԴȪ궼·Ҫ뵽СһӣһϮڼףϢҲǿǳˡ
⡭
Ѿˣ
ǡŴսеĵڶսԪﵽˣ
ȽطʮʿһŰ϶¶ɵ;ηı飬˲ĺЩ˼һ¡
ʵΪ̫ڿ£ǻ壬ʺΪҲǿ£ǰնɱϱǿߣԶһ᲻η塣
ʱҲݣĿİϣɫ¡
ܿ£
ѵõĿڣɫءŰоһɽѹ
ֶ֣Щ鷳ˣ˵Ǻܲ򵥣ͨʿӦҲס
Իƣͬһ㣬ĿɨˣɨǷʯڣھʯǰϣĮелⷭӿ֡
ԪĿɭʱվ˳ǿɱֱӽһ˸Уһѹ£ȺĶ
˳ǰϣɱȴֻŰ棬Ϊ죬Ҫɱ
䣡
ͻȻⷽ𶯣ͬһɽ˰㣬һ˫ۣɵƣâһӿ֣ĵӡͬһ㷭


887 繲
ˣͬһͷƽ֯ϣ֮еĸ߲ʡ貣һͬǳʵɽһ㣬ˡ
⡭
棬ʮʿһһ죬ɵһЩʱЩ˽ϸоһɼΪֲƣƿ졣
˺죬ʱһˡ
úúã͸˰Сӣ
Ц
С
һЦ
ʱ¶ϲɫ̫ˣ
죬֣ǲɵõͷʯǰȭ£á
죬лⷭӿԸŨңĿĮ
Ԫо˴˿̵ϵϢĿ£ɫжݣһ̱ٴα䣺ڴˣ˭ȡúεȵĳɾͣնҪһǿ˺ɱ졣ɱղƣ˰һʶҪնɱ
䣡
ͷһʱ䣬ֱ˺֡
ƫͷˣĮǰһ
ĲƽǵŲºƬɸ˵һ죬һɰԭ㵴ֱɢԪ⣬֮ʮԶ
⡭ԪѾﵽˣȻֻƾһͣ͡
ȸϵʮʿʧɫ
ԪԶվѪ鲼ѺۣͣĻβ
㡭
죬һ˿Ȼ
ɫĮٴγǰ粽һɹâԻԷѹȥ
붯ѣ
Į
һɰ֯ɹâԴȪƺƵĳԪѹ¡
Щ£·ǿϵѹݿ࣬ɵ
Įⷭӿһ񽣣סЩâ
鲻䣬һĮһŽűһȭͷСʯ߳ʹʯ鱻һȦâ֮⣬˲ϢɱԪǰ
Ԫ¶֮ɫȭͷʯʱһȱʥѹ˰㣬ٶȿ쵽㣬㰲ҪҲЩˣҡ
ۣ
ѪըԪͷ­ֱӱ飬ͬеҲһ˸顣
ʱ䣬طһʿٴαɫ
ˡ
ԪȻô򵥾ͱɱˣ
ȻǸ棬䲿¸
ЩʿĲ
˺Ҳǲ죬ǿֶθסˣȻô׼ն˴صԪ
ȵȣ죬ͻȻһ̬СӡȻˣ
һʶɨӣ漴ٴζݣʱΪڴС̨ϡ
һϱС磿
ۣΪطջ𺳡
ҲʱѹֵϢͬʱ֣𶴸ľһζ
Ŀϣͨ⽻֯ɱڡ
첻ɽɫâƵĮ̫س˫
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ӭŶԷԼײһʱ䵴쫷磬е绡֯
ȳطһʿļ£𺧵Ű죬ˣʱֻ໥ײô£һȻĸоǾȵĻǣ쾹ȻȫƺͰԿ˿·
ܵס壿
Щļ¡
Į밲ɶԶ໥Ʋͣײطտ죬ǸֳһѺۣԵЩɲ
һ̣ˣһչѹ£졣ɱղƣɱսٵһʶѾ˵ɱ졣
䣡
⶯֮١
ɫĮܣֱӻӳ֣Խɫȭӭϡ
¡һײһֱӽԱߵĿռˡ
䣬ȭӳֽӡһչֱӳһƬҶݺƺƵĳŰѹ¡
䣡
ҶݺΪ죬øӿˡ
һ󽣣۶ɣһնѹһС
ɫ˿䣬ȭջأչȪʥѪɫѷ죬ĴɽӵȸһԻֱŻ尲¡

Щѹ䣬ǰĿռٴα飬һɻ
ʿ΢΢һֶʵЩˣǸоľ
ͬɱһ㣬Ļٴγ£ֱӽеȫն顣ǰһ̽һʳָ졣
ʳָȫ˹ԣɹ۶ɣһʥʣһɹᴩһеĿֲֶ
ָ
˵ǰҵһشһָɹᴩһУ
˵ͨƬһָһͷ񣡡
ʿļ¡
ָǿ󣬶ɰʩչǸ£һָѹ£̵ɱ˵㣬һȱʥһ㣬ǿɹᴩ
ֱӽ׼ҵĴ̫ľ߶ӭǰ
䣡
ײ֮ӿ֯˻ġ
ͽֲָ֮ϣֱնһϬ
˺һ죬ֱӱնˣϬḺ̌Ƶǰ
ָ̧֣һֱӽ⽣âķ飬ͬʱٴγѹȥ
Ȼ޾壬һƬֱӭϡ
ݻһ󣬺ĴɽҶݺѪɫѷ;Ȫʥһһ֣ñ֮ǰǿɱˡ
䣡
˽һײʱ䵴⡣
ֻһƵĽֻ֯˶ȴҲһ£ѹ˲ٿռ䣬Ĳʿһˡ
˵ѾڴھأսЩ£ŰɫЩأСȻܱ̬ӦҲܼѡ
һʤ
ק˫֡
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰͰӭսָâ޾ɱⲻ
ʱ˶ʹȫȻˣײʱӰǾ޴ģⶴζԽԽϵѺۿٳӡ
ͻȻɫ΢䣬Ļǿʢ籾Դ΢΢ƫͷԶʯڡʯһطҲַĵ۽֯תâ밲Ļ籾Դ
⡭Ͱ׼Ů޵ʱЩƣ
ʱݡ
ʯϣһɻΪ壬ƺʯǣʲôпǻ񾭣
ҲǱɫ
ǣʮʿҲһ𣬽¶ݡЩ˲֪ʯϾʲôʱȴܲµʯĳ˲õĶ밲ȡϵһãʵ
ʯڣ籾Դ⣬ʱʱ죬һǳʯλÿȥʱʯϵһת⣬Ļ籾Դ
ﬣ
̶𣬼ʮ
ԶиһѪɫ񽣣ֱȫ߶ʽնһ콣
Եɱ˫ȴǱǾֱʯնȥ


888 ۷弶Ʒ
콣һһٶȿ쵽㣬ЯžԵĻ̱Խֱֱǰʯ֮ϡ
ʱ䣬¡һ죬ʯֱӱնķѣеȫϨ
⣬⣬⡭
նʯڣ
ô
ʼʮʿ󼱣ɫǱѿʯϿۣȴȻ㱻ն飬еһȫʧˣ
˺Ҳݣһ̣б㶼ǻһƹʯγɹһȥԻǣ˲õĶǻϹžֵնʯڣʲôҲòˡ
Сӣɵ̫Ưˣ
̲סЦ
ǰڳ𶴸ѰܹʯĶǶѾˣȡ˼ĺôʯڶȻãҲͻˡٵͬʱϾ˰õžϣֱһʮ¡
ֹסΣԴĹһ¾Ͱȥ漴Ϩķѵʯڣסˣ漴ֲɱ̱

ƫͷ죬ޱȿ£ͬʥһ㣬ҷӿҪһ㡣
䣡
ΪģһֱӳⶴڵĴɽᴩ漴ɽȻ̮
һʱ䣬̳ϯʮʹôɽֲҰڶ
⡭
ʼʮʿ뾪̳еİ̿֡ôһɽȻƾȫˣǺεȿֲ
˺ɽµĴʯʱҲǸԶݡ
£

治ǻ壡
ҲɫЩء
ǰ죬ЩǣܿקһȭͷȻĸо˰Ŀ£ȴ죬첻Է
ǰ̳䣬ɫ⽻֯һƵѪɫ绡֣ž죬ܵʯȫ顣
սɱʱղƱնʱԶûôŭֵ¼ս㲢ô⣬ղƣƺҲԶû紫ԵǰҪ٣Զ޷ʯеȡŶİٴһЩ̣ԣһȲϡ
ͨ⻷ƣޱɱⰻȻϵպ¡¡Ƭ򣬾ΪѰ֪Ƭɸ̺лĸԴžֻҪѰⲿžĻ彫ĸǿȫھǱܣ޵·߳ǳңԶľ롣
ղţʯϸ֪˻ĻžĻ籾Դޱϣ˹ǣûеⲿžʯͨȡУͻأ֣ʯڶնⲿžʧ֮ۡ

ֻô֣һɱ㶯ˣƵĻ⳯ѹ£ָÿʮƺҪɸ綼ᴩ
ߣܣѪɫһһתֱ콣ӭϡ
ﬣ
ɫ콣âɱˣ̱Ƭռ䡣
ײһ𣬻ָâƵ콣â֯ĿռѺۣͬ֩һٳ˷ӡ
ϴһս㶪һʶһΣ֪᲻ֱӶ
Ц
ֳѪɫ񽣻콣âʩչ׼ƣͷ­
ʱ䣬ŤΪƵѹ¶
罣ƣָٴ𶯣һָâն콣â໥ײһʱ伤ĻԹ
еѪɫ񽣣ʹ콣âøǿɱˡ
䣡
Ƭռ¡¡죬ײʹϸֳѺۡ
Ĵɽ䣬ܾ뱼ӡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʱ򣬿ƬɸʿϵΪʼڶʱĶЩ˸ϵǰͰսʱȴǶʱݣ϶¶𺳵ı顣
尲еˡ
ǸˣȻͻ尲ڴսҡûдƣ
⡭Ǹˣԭôǿ𣿣Ȼͻһս
˽Ծ
䵭ڸϵЩʿ⣬Ψ϶
һʱ䣬콣âøӿ£նһС
ͣͣͣ
Ļָâն飬ǻϴˮԿߡ
ٴ񽣣ܼ콣ѹ£ͬһ㡣
ﬣ
ĿĮһΣֱնһʽɱâѹһɲ˰лָâҳŰüıѹȥ
ͨƵʮɱâѹ顣
Ҳʱವһ죬һ֮󣬾ֱƵ˰ǰֻȭ¡
ˣ
ֱӱ̮ˣɫȭâʮռ䡣
ȭӭϣ⽻֯ȭˣǼΪˡ
飡
ȭײһ𣬷һĺܵ˲Ϣһ̮
һ̣һ죬ֱɣһѪƮڿС
ʱ䣬طʿٴ𾪡
Ǹˡѹ˻壿
ײǸȻѪˣ
⡭ôܣ
ʿȻڴ죬ǻ壬ǿˣ̧ѹǿޣȴȻһʿ
ǿ壿
죬ŵı飬·Ǽ˰㡣
Զɫ糣ΪǶǷǳжǿԣʱڴл˰ʱһҲ⡣
ԭСӵͺܱ̬Ǹųͬ޵е嶼ѷһ֮ǰʱɹ׷٣øǿᣬڣͬ˭ܱȵĹ
Ц
ȻСֻԱߵİܹü
ﬣ
̶һȭɰֱӻն񽣣ܼâŰѹȥͬһʱ䣬ҲǶˣһһӰӶɫȭͷѹǶϡ
ǿǳǿǷ𶴸ǰӭսԷΪо޴ѹ᲻Уڣ𶴸Сﵽսһ޴ʱ԰ûаѹ
ˣ
һȭ£նֱӱˣܲסȭ
𣬻Ǵ˵еתôô£
ʿ𺧡
ԶסΣø£ͷڷ趯
˵һһڳʼһֱٷŴɲǼ䵽ߣֱƵѵصĿֲĲϵƲ㶼ɢ˲١
ǡ۷弶Ʒ
ϱǿ¶ɫ


889 ȭ
Ŵǿʢ⽻֯һһеƣҪѹء
ʱ䶯ݣȭջأǚiϺˡ
˵Ȼƿ۷弶Ʒ
Զ
Ҳ΢΢ɫ۷弶ƷԶƷεȣƷεǿ̫ˣսӲ
䣡
ٴιâţâڱʮϸƲ㡣
˫ϣͬ˵еɽ񽫣ʼһǱһУƺƵĳѹȥ
оâ֯һչݻȪʥУƷεѪɫ񽣻Ӷ콣նһĿĴɱ
ﬣ
ɽƿնȻطʿһ
ֻǣһ̣Щʿٴζݣ䣬һֱӽ⾪˵ɱķ飬һǹƮɢڿС
ƶⷭӿһ齵Աѹ졣
һ֮еһȫ
ȫ߶Ѫɫ񽣺ȻȴãƷε̫ǿˣƶ˲ֶΣɣѪˮԿ
䣡
𶯲񷣬ˣıøǿˣǵȾϢ֯Ҫ򶼸ٵһ㡣
â֯ǰڷ趯һ̣ܵȫסˣͬǽѹһƬڰ֮С
áǿ
ƣͬ˭ܵˣ
ǰңԶǿֶΣ˵м־
ʿļ¡
죬΢΢ҡͷ˺ǿͬＸҲܵԵȴǻ尲ЩϧΪڡҪˡ
ӦҪˡ
Ա˸ҡͷ
䣡
ϣЯϣˣԱܵĿռȫԵϢһ̶ķΧڣӳѹ¡
͵һпµĿռҪһ㡣
Զ˺¶صı飬Щǵ졣
ȷʵǺֲܿүǱ̬СӿԵֵˣ

Ҳţ
קһȭͷǼᶨ
䣡
սУâ֯ӿֲˣܵĿռȫѹˡ
һʱ䣬һѷͬһ㣬Ҫɵȥ
ȳЩ£һĴǿߣҲ˲ը֧šȻȴûаη壬ңֱӽѪɫ뵽ڡ
⡭
ʲôȻʱ
ѵ֪УԲ𣿡
˶ݣǲ⡣
Ȼһ˲䣬һһɺĿֲƵڳ
һ̣ϵƱˣĮдµİһ˭ˣͨ
ӭŰѹƷıٴζˣ򵥣ֻһȭӭϡ

һȭӳ̼䣬֮һͷɻԻѹʮ
һŵĿռֱӱͬһ̮
ˣ
նϣضΪһȭֱڰıϡ
һɣҡ
⡭
ҵ죡ҡҿʲô
һȭҷ۷弶Ʒ
⻹𣿣
ͬҲԶûˮ׼ɣ
ܣһʿԺȻ
һ۷弶ƷƿһĻУȴȻһʿһȭҷˣ
ʱΨаоâ
Сʯڹ

һʤģ
ᶨ
ǰĮһͬǹŴΰ˫
Ķܼ򵥣ֻǿ粽󣬻ȭ
໣
֮𣬼ɻ֮һͷԻȭֱϣƵϵ£һͷϵʡ
һıٴκɣɹøӵĻˡ
һ¶ݣͺһͨⱩǣȫ߶
ϲޱ޾ηһһǰƣٴγȭ
ˣ
һȭһʱҡض̮
ѹµıһȭУһٴκɣңһΰһмѺϸ˳еʿС
ʱ䣬طʿɫ䡣
Ѻۣ
һ۷弶Ʒˣ
ôܣ
һʿ𾪡
۷弶Ʒϣ᲻ɴݣ񣬾Ȼˣ
ȻǲԶİҲ𺳣֪ʯȭǳ£Ҳû뵽µȳ̶ȣȻһƷҳѺۡ
䣡
ǰƵȭ֡
ȭɻ˺һ֣뽻֯ȭˣҪضѹ顣
ǰ𶴸ʯһرĹȭΪΣΪԵΪΪȭǻ𿪴һȭȭȫ£޵ʱųһȭһУ
ȻΪȭǳ£ԶߵҪҲΪ̣Ҫ߾ٴﵽ漶ʿǿȲſУңҪм͵޾һеĴ־ĻǿȭۼɶԻ
Ҫ󣬶ԣȻ㲻ʲôǰɹĳ׷٣Ѿ̵ԶͨǿߣͬʱΪˣ־Ǽ᲻ɴݣ˿ȡ˵ڻȭֱΪĽ빥ɱʥսʽΪϲ
䣡
ϣͷڷ裬粻ĵ䣬һȭӳԲ
һٴαУסĻζٴδ졣
ûκ䵭ĮȻˣٴλӶȭ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ӳȭÿһȭк֮ÿһȭȵڰƷϣʹڱӾҵĲҲѺ۱øܼ
󣬵ھȭ£ɻȭһɱϡ

һ̶죬ıķѣֱըڲϡ
顭ˣ
ٴɫ䡣
һ۷弶ƷȻȭͷٵˣ
ϧϧȲεıֵǺܾˣҪܶöã
оȣ־ۡ
ˣ
ϣӳʮȭ
һȭӭŰϣ
㣡
顣
¡һһΣϲɻ˺֣һգͬǴ˵еɽ֮ٳ˰㣬죬ƿѹء
ɫˣٳĻ⣬һʮͨ
һΪģʮռһЩϱǿ߶ļ£ֻоһⶼܽԼ顣
һжͽ͵ģ粽ϣȭѹ£̼ĥС
ȭûɢƲ
ˣ⻤塣

һ죬Ļֱӱȭͷڰؿڡ
۵һըѪȾգ


890 
ĿѪˮƮڿУطʿסˣǿĻ尲İɱͨǿߵİһ̾Ȼһͬʿķ飬Ѫգ
⡭

ǿǻ壬Ļ尡ȻȻ
ʿȻ
Զİ˺Ҳ𺳣нǸֳ貵ľâ
ǿ󰡣
־ϲ
С磬һȭĻ壬սʵ𺳣
䣡
ϣϯ˻ģѪ֮⣬һö˸ʮʹð˲Ϣǣٶȿľˡ
Ԫ
һݡѰչصһɶлһЩͱȣолԪ֮ǰ밲ʶһսԷʶͳһöԼ𣬲ּˡ
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪ɶڵõĻԪֹһöңɴ˿̵ʶͶ̾ռ䴫͵һ̫ЧȻû̫ǰ㾪ˣҲ㹻ǿˣ
һһΣֱϡ
ûʲôӵĶֻ̧֣Ӷȭ
ˣ
̼鲼ѺֱۣˣըľӨƬ
⻤壬زһֽӡžŰʮһɱնϣÿһɱնɱͨĴǿߣÿһɱǶ׼һҪ֮ռҲǴ顣
ȻǿĹɱֻͽͣȭͷδ£ʮһɱǲը
ֻƾƣѹ˿ɱǿߵİʮһɱ
⡭
Ǽ򵥵ǹӦһֹŷǣ⵽ʲôôôǿ
ʿ𺳡
ˣ
رѣѹžŰʮһɱǰ
ˣնɱ⣬ҼһַǳǿĴͨ
첻κζֻȭͷϣֱѹһС
ۣ
ȭͷڶڰϣٴνķѡ
ͺ䣬Ԫ˸ʹһɲǱ˳
͸ղһ޸ٶȺÿ죡ķѰʱһ
ԪЧ
⡭
ʿǶݡ
ĮûκζĶֱӻӶȭٴγŰѹ¡
һվ𣬻
һȭ֮һУ
ˣ
ɫᣬ㡣
¡һ⣬ͬһһһĵȭһɿֲһһƵӿĽɡ
ǣ
ľ֮һأݴҲǰڵǸıչ֮ã
ԣĹͬ˹һ˸߹һˣһǿһӵ֮ܣ
ʿԾ
䣡
Ŀͬһʵʥʱ粽Ƶˣһһصĳѹ£·һǺٻ˳ǵƺ
춯ݣʱоѹ
ɵһٴλȭѹϡ
˵һ죬ȭһǳ֮Ťڽ̮
תۣȭͷͰѹײһ
¡һʮڣеһȫը
һһɴ͸ӳȭͷ˹ʹֻоǱһʯײϣһɾʹңɴûԽԽǿԽԽͬǽһӴڣһĺ
ȣ
ֱӿȳһھѪ˲䲼Ѻۣ漴۵һըϡ
Զ˺ɫǰǿȭ죬Ȼʱ˿У
ͬһʱ䣬طʿҲݣ¶ݡ
ǿ
أ⡭
̫ˣ
Щ𺳡ţǿǶʶǵȭĿ£ʯѹһ㣬ԻһУȻȴǱͨ
ˣ
ϣըѪѪɫ棬˲Ϣǣâ֯
һʱ䣬ʿǱɫ
⡭ãÿ죡޸ٶȣô
оȳлԪİҪһ㣡
ô£
Щʿľ
ҲǶݣ¶ɫ
СӣղŲûκǣɻָٶȴ˿Ҳ˻ԪİҪһ˿ѵƿĳʥ
н֯⡣
ʱ򣬲һʿҲٴζݣΪ޸ٶһ̣ø䣬ŵƵһһص⳯ѹ£֮ռں
Į̫ױȵ޸˿ؾۣŰɱһ޾ӭϡ

𣡡
һͷɻ˺һͷԻеĸ߲ʡ
һ̣ȭ߶ǿľ磬ڣһɸӰԵƳŰѹϡ
ˣ
һȭӳʹһƣռŸոǱȭЯ޵ȭһɶ
һ޵йƣǿԺһУʹʿ˲伹ˡ
⡭ǿˣ
˲
䣡
䣡
ϯ˻ģͰԷȭâײһ
ɲǼѣܵһȫ飬ըѣ̮Ƶ
Уͷڷ裬ԦȭЯӰֱĲζ֮硣
ˣһưƣѹ¡
䣡
жײȭȭѹһУɱâУﶼڲ
ԶԶȥ߽棬ͬħڶһռ䣬һƵ绡֯žͣˮư㣬ɿĳķӣʹһЩսϽʿֱӿѪɣдڵǿʿ
⡭
ˣ
˴󺰡
Ͱսһ߻ϵȭһʩչأƵĻϢ̫ˣʹһЩսʿѣʿļ£
ʱ⸽һʿûԥȫٶȳΧȥֱ˳ȥǧԶͣ³սȥ
ˣֱֱ
ʿ촽ˣŽеͰ˵Ļ
ǸˣȻܺͰһսȾ
дϱǿ죬ͫʲסĻζ
䣡
ǰ˲ϳ죬ʮ졣
ɫĮǰڷ裬ɻ֯ϣ翪¡
罣ˢһУҪǧ磬˷
䣡
䣡
䣡
һδεײضڻζ
ʮ콫ȭ߶ĸǿʹϵɻӰøʵĻ֮Уһȭڰϡ
ۣ
ʱ䣬Ѫ⽦䣬ֱӱ顣
ͬһʱ䣬ǧгȵĻؿڣʹĵҲǺȻըһʱѪ˷


891 ۷ײ
Ѫ֯ڿУɢңĸʿһ
Ժ˶Է
˶£ļµĶǰ
䣡
䣡
ϣܺƵ䶯ԾһѪɫ棬תؾһߣ֮ڣԪ˸⣬ͬʱǡ
˶ŶԷûκͬٴײһ
һʱ䣬ȭȭâͬʱ֣ҽ档
תۣʮȥ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ͬʱԷѪйƮ
߶Ԫâ֯һٶ顣
ת̫ѪɫԾѪй˲һ
һ̣ͬʱ۳ǡ
ŰĮ̫ľֱת£ɫʱ˷·ǻƽһ㣬ܵĿռ䶼Ⱦһԡ漴粽ϣȭ߶ǿɻñ֮ǰʵ
ͣǰղͣѣԳȭ

𣡡
ϣ˺Զʿ˵Ѫ
⡭
ôô£
ˣˣ
һʿĲ
罣ͨⱩǣɾǱøǿɱأͬٲѹ£һرһؿ£ٴκͻӶȭײһ
䣡
ҵĽ棬Ŀռ䲻̮ͣ
üļ˸һ콣·Խ˿ռ㣬ֱն졣
һĻʱʿһ
ǣ
ȫʶ۳ɱһ˺һ㣡ʶɱ궼նɱ
ɡ£
ʿĲ
Įüļһڽɫ񽣳ӭŰ콣ȥ
ʶǿޱȣʶɱ¡
תۼ䣬ʶɱײһը֯ǵʶԡ
ৣ
ͻȻƿ֮𣬰ͬ˲ƶһ㣬գ۱ǳǰңͬһʱ䣬¡һֳһӣȫԭʼɣоŲƵǳֱ֯ء
򣬻ɺӣ
ϱǿ̲ס
¡֮ڶɺӹʣδ֪ʶͬʵŵһ㣬ضڶתۼǽС
⣡
֣⡭ͨҲˣ
ˣ
һʿɫǿһУٲ
ԶһĻûаĵǣɵ졣
ԱߣֱӵԲۡ
ϣɺס죬УһſŲƵǳȫͬǳ꣬볯ѹ£ɺӿɻɣᡭ
ۣ
ʺѪˮڻɺնϣֱ鰲İ
ʱ䣬طʿɫٱ䣬ŵı顣
⡭ôܣ
ڻУ˰
ѹƣ
츳ͨɺ˸Сսң޵УǿֶΡһ֣һֻܲȴк裬лˣסˡ
ʱ򣬾ֶǴ󾪡
̬Сӣж
죬Ӳûиɳ
ɫ䣬ǿ򣬾Ȼû˿Ч㡭
ˣ
ؽȭͷٴѹ£һȭˣ
۵һҲۣĿĻѪƮ춼ǡ
䣡
ѪгԪ˸˲
죬оɫͬʱҲøӱ֯޾ɱ⡣

ɫĮʱڣһٴλӶȭŰѹ¡
ңһ̣˵һֻͼҲʼһǺƵʥâͬһſԭʼʥͼ㣬ƺܽؼһжѹ
ǡ
ͨ𣿣
ôоȻҪǿ
ʿ𺧡
ֻͼƵǿ⣬ٶȿ켫գ۱ǳؾ۳İǰ
ڷ裬ˣޣɱһͬ˰ӿڡͬһʱ䣬ĻɱÿһɱаɸߣͬһĹ㣬ǽ֯ĹƣϢˡ
ʶʱһ߻ͨһߴ߶ʶ볯ֻͼӭϡ
䣡
ʱ䣬𶯣ԵĹͬ˰ڣ˷ӿȥ
һɣ鲼ѪɫѺۣĻɱһѡ
棬ͬǰ㣬ǺʮԶֻͼڵһʱըһȳھѪ
ʮסΣѪˮȾؿڣȴɱ䡣
ŰһҲûУֱǰȥ
ˣ
ûκζĶֻǻӶֱۣһǰƣһȭѹ¡
һʱ䣬ɻȸ䣬ϣƺء
ס壬Ӹˣɱӿⷭӿ˲Ȭչͨӭ졣
䣡
ײһ˭Ҳ˭٣ԶǺݺһȳһѪ
Ȼˣ߼ȴǲܲˣٴο粽ϣŶԷɱȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ɱ͵ȭȭâ棬ÿһײдƬѪˮ£ʹ˵ڲ𻵣͹콦ȴɲ⣬һ߹ɱԷһԲֶͬ޸壬ҳ˸ͨط
ɱ
췢ݣصǚiһͬԽ˿ռ㣬գۼڰǰֱӽ֯ŻӰȭͷᴩš
飡
ɣں˵ĹУȴҲ
ܾˣ
ѪɫԾ̫תתۼǻָ
䣬ǚiϣһһӰֻӶȭֻ콣ֻͼ˵һ𣬺ƺƵĳŰѹȥ
ͨǣͨøǿƺƵĳѹ¡ңٴνɺӳʶںϣ֯µĻɱ
˲Ϣѣߺݺݵײһ
䣡
һĽ棬֮ͨͻϢͬʱ⣬һƬƬա
ֱӿѪ鲼ѺۣĹͷܿ㵱顣ʱ򣬰ʶںһѾ޷ĲѹƣңΪʶںϣǹԶȵһĻɺӸǿʹֻͼͬǰ㣬Ҳ˲Ϣ䲼Ѻۡ
ȻҲûõȥĻȭ콣ֻͼһѹ£вͣӿѪɺʶƵɱҲǲɢ
䣡
䣡
ͬʱܣȫʩΪѹԷ
ʱ䣬ɱ⽻ֱ֯һС
۵Ѫһըɱ֮У˵岻𣬽ǱãѾˡ

ˣһ̺ȻһƬããĻʮȱԻǧŵʣʼһֱɢһѹֵϢ


892 ɱ
ȱһ֣֯һããĻһɿ¶ѹֵĲɢ춼ǣʹƬض·һ˲ð˲١
ǣ
⡭о
ܿ£
طʿļ¡
𣬶ʱֿȳһѪϸֳѺֻۣͼҲѹһĻζƺһ̾Ҫ顣ʹݣȲȱһֱӸо˽в
η壬ȻȾѪɱ䣬ֱӻӡ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ɫͼԻƵ˿˿ƵɫâҪѹء
⣡
³һ֡
˵һͼ𶯣ٷŴ󣬽ԼͰһ𸲸Сʱ䣬Ĳȱ˲ʮͬɺӺʶںϵҲǰˣɱҲڿٱѡ
⣬ͼ
ǹɱͨûǿɱǡоȴǿѹһУ
Ҳָо
ʿһ
ʱҲǶݣֻоϵڲɢЩ˳ˣ޷ܺõĿƼʩչͨ򣬱ֻͼȺݺһ嵱͵һӿѪ㱻ӡ
ﬣ
̶صʱٴζˣӡֻͼѹƣ콣ͻȺɱͬɽ鱩˰㣬һʱܵա
һϵѺ۸࣬˫еâҲøŨһͺͷڷ裬Ƶдڱ˸죬ͬһɱ졣
ɱ
ɱ
ͬʱ𳤿ա
һʱ䣬ִɱײֱӽԲʮڵһжٵˡ
䣡
嫺ʿսս
һ̣˵ˡ
£
ֲ
ʿ˿ܹ뵽˵Ľе
ڷֻӶȭֻͼʮ
ǱøǿҪС
߼Ҷײһռ䣬ֱȥʮͨ飬ͬʱڲը
ֻɲǶѣٴؾ۳Ƶɱ⣬ٴɱԷ
һʱ䣬ͨٴչ֣Ĵز̮ͣһƵĵ绡֯ӣ;ʲôˡ
ۣ
ۣ
һΣͬʱԷ飬Ѫˮ졣
ת̫ѪɫԾתؾ۳ٴɱ
УԪԾǵһʱ۳ɱϡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ƬΪ˵Ķսͣ飬ܣһʿǱƵĲϺˣѾһ˳ȥǧԶ
ˡ
ǣֻǴս⡭
˴ͬһǡ㱯ˣ
һЩǿʿįҡͷ
սУͰǻȾѪɫǱò԰˺ܶ࣬ȴޱȣƣ·Ĳҡرѡ
ۣ
ӶȭֻͼУڸ֮ϣѪա
Ȼͬһʱ䣬ʮǧٵǺ¡һ֣֮ڲϡ
䣡
䣡
ܺƵԻԪӳ֣߶̫ǿٳмۺϣʼ飬ٶȴԱʼʱ˺ܶࡣ
ʹòʿݣ¶ɫ
ǵҪĸɾˣѾ۷״̬ʱɣ˼صˡһսܿҪˣ
ϱǿߵ
ǰͰ¾ۺɫø԰Щ΢΢ЩϢ
ܽ֯˻ƣԵǺ䡣
ȾѪĮһɻ֣ȭ֮
䣡
ͻȻһɿֲɱԻԲԶѹ˽Ծ
ս⣬һ޳ϵн֯ƣǺǿᡣڷ磬ϴĮһеǶ㶢ס졣
ǣ
вޣ
⡭ǣɱ󣡺߽ɱ󣬶ҡãö࣡
⣬ôɱͨǿҲסɣ
Ҫʲô
ʿһ
޲սƶʮɱ·һ㣬ˡ죬ͬӳӣֻӶ䣬һɱֱӳϮɱȥ
ʱȺһģ
ͬһʱ䣬Զ˺ɫ
үģС˵ʲô

䣡
޻ӳɱޱǿᣬһɲǼǱƵǰ
첻Ҵ⣬Դʱȫ߶ʽȴǱԶ
ʲô˼
ޣ䡣
ĵ˲٣ЩȴǵãоԲˡ
޶죬һǰȥ㽻ңҿԿǷŹ㡣
ԣжʱɱ⡣
Ĺ

ᵽĸ֣ط󲿷ʿ⣬֪ĹʲôȴҲм֪ĸ֣оͰ˿̶ʱһ
ԶҲǱɫ
ĹС˵ǻĹˣ
ޣЩԾ
Ĺʲô
ʵҲȻĹǲ
ϵĶеٳʮ꣬ˣʮȻ֮һʮ벽ۻʣлԪ챦ıڣǳ£ĵۻ򣡡
ʲô
ԣ˶һϵĶгʮ꣬ʮ벽ۻʣлԪ챦пܴĵۻʼǿߣ
ɫأһԿΪľ뢼ʵܿ£ƺһֱͼıʲô˵ţ죬ɵСӣų嵽ѣôѵھϵĻĹˣүģ
ϣȾѪȴǱ֮ǰ˼֣ʱеɱһҲΡڵʱĹһ½׷ɱʱڵһ˶֣
罫һ𣡡

Цɱƽ֯Ʒǳ£ƾҲ˵ĻЦ죬¸㣬½ˣΪ֪һƬ򣬴ȡ㣬ҽӺѡֱӳΪӡ
Ӻѡˣ
ɱŨǲ뵽ڻĹڻݡ
ۻʰ¸ߣ죺Ǿ仰㽻ңҿԿǲɱ㡣㲻ôȡ浽ʱ㽫ĺܲҡ
ãɱң

ߣ㴦۷״̬һκβ㣬Ϊʲôսʣ¶٣죬Įʮɱѳɣ֯ϣγһɱ֣ڵˣҲɱƾڵ״̬ܺڵȣ£¡һɱ𶯣ɱӿ̼һƬƬգޱȺˡ


893 ʮŹ֮
¡֮Ƶ˷жʮĴɱһɱͬԵڽ֯ɱط˶Ǳɫ
⡭
ɱͨǿˣ
ܿ£
ľɱ֯һ𣬼ֱ촦һ޵еλϣ
죺һᣬңҿԿǷŹ㡣
ϣɱһƣһɱ㡣
ɱң
ܸоʮɱĿºͿֲʱɫȴ˿䣬
Ѱ·ɫһֱӶˣƶʮɱѹȥҸᣬϧȴϧڣ¹Ҳˣ
£⣬ʮɱڣܼɱնء



ܣղѣزֲ̮ͣһЩ۷ǿ߶оļ¿־壬ɵô˸
ˣ
Ǻˣ۷ʱǿӦԣڣƺѾɶˣս⡭
ܵס
ʿɫ
Զİ˺Ҳݣһ̽Զսȥ
꣬Լȡ㣡

պ¡⣬ʮɱøֲˣܼɱ˺ѿС
ѹɫ˿䣬Ŀʼձ䡣
㣡

£ģʮŸ˹Ʈÿһ˹϶ӡķ硣
䣡
̼ѣԻƣգסһС
ǣ
Ϣ
Ҳɱ𣿣
һĻطٴαɫ
սпȥİ˺ֹסΣж¶â
ص״ĹõʮŹ죡ˣСӻôһڴɱԷµκˣ
ʲôޣҪˣ
︽͵
䣡
ϣʮŹƮ죬֧ţתۼǽ޸Χһʱ䣬ԻԼ˻ռ䶼ںһ΢Сĺڶ֯˳ƺƵ
˿ֲɱһʿɫٱ䣬ǿ簲ɵöݡ
ޱʮŸ˹ǵһʱɫ䣺㡭ʮŸ˹ƮΧ죬ʹһʱовʮɱȫܼƽھƺһ̾Ҫ
ɱ
һ۴д̼䣬ʮŸ˹춶ϵƷӷ·һ㣬ơ
ɲǼ䣬ϢƵʮŸ˹춶΢Сڶ֣ܵһУֲһ̣ƬڵŨһɹɵĳ۶һͷͷޣХų޳ɱȥ
ͣ
һ죬⣬ʱдƬƱ
ɱ
־ŭҲճʱĴ
¡¡ģϵɱȫâţ֯ǿɱ⣬һС
ƺǿɱͨǿߣʱʮŸ˹ƵƶԣȴҪ˲٣вܼƴӡ
䣡
ʮŹ춶Ƴͬɽ鱩С
͵̼⣬ɱĥ
ɫѿһʣµɱ󷢳ҫ۵ĹâͬʱһǿͨƺƵĳΧʮŸ˹졣
ȻʮŸ˹ޱȣͬѹⷽأһĥУ޳ͨٴαһɱ
һƬ䣬̧һӣʮŸ˹ٴδܼӰ˻
һ޵ԶֱӿѪɱַ
ҿ
޴𣬳һ֧Ĵɱʹɱøǿ
飬߶ʮŸ˹죬ʹǱǿ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ɱٴηƬҲǿı١
ãÿ£Ȼһˣ
ˣȻƿȴɱ
ǡ
ܣʿļ¡
¡¡ʮŸ˹죬ʮݻһͷͷĿ׺ݣųɱȥ
ʱ䣬¡һĴɱһ֣ǱȾĺݺһһֱը鿪

ŭ䶯ؾ۶ɫøѿˣྪ塣
ſ̳һƣĴɱڣʮŸ˹졣ʱʮŸ˹м䣬ӿĺвԽԽŨܾͻƳȥضʮŹ¡
䣡
⣬ɱһ⣬ɱǿɱͬһʮŸ˹첻ͣĶ
䣬ֻվһߣĿʮŸ˹г
䣡
һʮŸ˹ø£͸ɱһνޱ顣ңɹϵƻûɱ޵ꡣ
޵ݺһؾһһȼԴԾѪ߶Ĵɱǿ嵽ǰһͷͷɱӰ
ƿ

һ̣ȼձԴԾѪ߶ʣµɱЩɱʱøӿɲƺҪһж
ֻǣʮŸ˹һλʥ֣֮Ѿ˴󲿷֣ɱ統꣬ȴɿֲޱȣ£һ޵зٴνС
áÿֲ
ܣһʿĺ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʮŹ춶죬ʼΪ貵ɱ
۵һ޸ո̼ٴα飬ңͬһʱ䣬⻹ʣµɱ̮ʮŸ˹Ƶȫ顣
޿ؾ۳иֳŨŨĿ־壬ڲΪھĻĹһӺѡ֮һȻ֪ڵһЩأ֪ƿд˵еɱ󣬶ĹҲѰԣԵھȴ죬Ϊ֪ػ
ֻҪܴ϶ᵽɱڻĹԱԻһĹͣʹӺѡֱӳΪĹӣλ
ʵϣǰѾ֪쵽ƬΪ˵£һֱڰѰ죬ϧȴֱƬɸ챾ˡ
֪ѾúǿƬɸѰ죬밲һսʱûóȻǰս֮ĬĬĿӡɱ󣬰ֱͣͰսʱų֣ƶʮɱѹ졣
ԭʮİտɱ죬ᵽɱ󣬾ǿ߸Ҳȫ£ֱնɱֻǣҲû뵽ȻƿʮŸ˹ɱ

ŭʡ
ʮŸ˹֮⣬䵭ޡ
ָᵯһƽɫɳ˲ϢûʮŸ˹СʱһʮŹ𶯣øӿ񱩣ȫԹϷ˳ǣʮ۳ޣһɻȥ
㡭
ۣ
ٴα飬Ѫˮ졣
йǾ£ϢȻ͹ȣ˫ǿ־֮ɫ̲ס
šŹңұ֤鷳
죬˵


894 С󱨶
ʮŸ˹ˣһߣűеޡ
ģ
ĮȻޡ
һǻĹһӺѡˣʷǷλ磬쾹ȻôʱʹձһƬࡣֻǣˣʱȴֻ̣Ϊʱϵ⣬죬ȴ
ǡǣ
ҧ
塣
츩
һק˫֣ҧģ㲻ҪɱңŹңȻʮָָȫڣѪˮ£Ŷ޾ɱ⣬ȴϱֳ˿ֻΪס
⡭
涪ˣ
ɲǡ
˳ָָ㡣
ʼʱ޳ģǺεȵ緢죬ȴǰģȶԱʵ̫ˡ
⺢ӣùߵģǶѼˣ
Զҡͷеĳڡ
ã

䣡
ϣ¡¡죬һͬһսԾ
ˡ
쿪ڡ
¡һʮŸ˹𣬸ֲƵҪʮضһ㣬붢סޣ漴Ȼһӿϡ
޵һ־ּѾˣ㾹ȻҪɱң
˵ģҾͲɱ㣿
顣
㡭
䣡
ʮŸ˹һʮ˻һɲǽûС
ۣ
ֱըˣһҲûѣʮŸ˹ֱ顣
һʱ䣬ȫ㾲漴ʿһһնˣ
ˣֱɱ֣
˶¡
Զ̲סۣɱɱˬˣ͵ñһȻˡ˵ţֻȻֹͱˡ
ϣƷ
ת½Ŀڰϡ
ʱܲʿһ
⡭ʮŸ˹죬۷ǿ˹ҲֻܱնɱҲˣսԶ۷壬ֵܵס
ǿ̲ס
ʱ䣬ս⣬һʿǶݣıһٱ䡣
Ҳʱһͻأ

һ˹ѣֱӱķѡ
漴ȺʮŸ˹ȫƿԲ׹¡
ʱʧӰ٣ƬռɲǼ±
顭ȫˣ
⡭
̫˰ɣѵһԵɱ
˷㶣˿µʮŸ˹죬Ȼֻһ¾ȫˡ
Զ۵үʱµһΪ̫أȻֻʹһΣ֧ŵʱ䲻
ϣȾѪ졣
ˣ
ŰɫĮ
һ貽âںƵͷȾ˽ɫ
޳ɵ۰һȥÿһ¶ʹòһ
ʵʻĺ⣬̬ܲڷ趯ˣ⽻֯ɺӺ¡һʡͬһʱ䣬һɴĲڻɲǼâ硣
ǡ
ǧУĵĴ
ȻĴһǻ
尡߱ƣһ׼뼺屾ԴϢĴ屾ԴϢĴһǰеĴ
Ҳ壬Ǹжã
ʿŰȶĽ
䣡
һƬռ䶼ڻζһԻתۼ鲼ʮռÿһ䣬ͬһɽ㣬Χм䡣
˺Ƕݣ¶ɫ˳Щɻݻÿһ䶼̺ſֲĵԿѹ۷ǿߡ
Գ֪СӵǷƥС
һԣ
˫ȭ
һĿϡ
ɫĮӭĻӿİıû˿仯ûаı䣬ֻͼ˵һ漴һ̣˿˿Ƶĵâӿ˸ŵԣضʡ
ǡ򣿡
ǴûеĲǡʲô
⡭оôźǿƵģ
죬Ǳһ㶣ȫĵʲô
ʱЩˣҲһһĨɫҲֻһɲѣһ̣еɫʧ±ɱǡ
¡һ֧ⷭӿĻһˣƺƵĳ칥ɱ¡
ĮŲһĵâʱɢһ꣬ӭɱĻ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
̼䣬ĻһһըȺ顣
⡭
˻
ʲôȻܺͻȣ
ʿʧɫǧеĵĴĴ֮ȴ׾پ˻۳Ļ
Ŀ䣬ɫⱩǣÿЩȭһ𣬶ʱɻԻһȭŰ¡ͬһʱ䣬ͷֻͼƵʥϢѹϰ˻ģҪڰĻ֮С
̬Ծ£ΰ˫˶ݡ
ǿƣ
˸
˼֣Ƶѹ죬ͬʱҲǶˣԻɺӭֻͼӭϻȭԻ㡣
һʱ䣬ڣϢǣɱȻˡ
޾ηǰڷ趯ƿֻͼȭѹɵѹ
ɲǼ䣬ײһ𣬸â裬ֱӽܵһȫ
䣡
޳˽ۻˣйԷͨײ򽻷棬˭Ҳ˭ĻϢ
䣡
䣡
䣡
𶯣¡¡ֲĿ𶯲һ绡֯
⡭
˵Ĵȫס˻ȻȻһҲûд·
Ǿʲôͻһǿ𣿣
ʿ𾪡
ȥĵâͰĻײһҲһδ߽ⰲĻʿȻ
ԣǺͻһǿΪ˰С磬ԣ򲻻аĴԲ״̬ȫסĻ߽â״ֻ˵ǡϱĴǿ߿ڣҵ˸ƿصĴ򡭡ǿ
ԣһʿһĿϣȻ
ĵǿ
𺳡
䣡
սУܳĲͣɢӡ
Į򣬻Ӷȭѹµâ밲ϴ򵽵£Ե³ϲ񷣬ֱѪɽɡ
УѪаѪ
Դ˲˿⣬Ǳ鲻䣬˽ɱʮ죬ЯܳŶԷɱ
֮תٸȥ˸ԱԷʮΣϢѾ㣬âѾȥʼΪԭʼǽ档
飡
ŴȭڰؿڣֱҶϰ߹ǡ
ʱѾһȭǿĻ塣
ɣѹͺǿסΣһϡ
һֱӿѪͷƺһ̾Ҫɢܣʹ鲼ȫֻǣ⣬ɱ䣬ʹϣȭ
ˣȾѪķ˿趯ͬħ㳯ɱȥ
飡
飡
飡
ײһûͨûطֻΪԭʼĹȭŶԺ䡣
⡭
ƽ֣ƾУ
ǸˣȻĲ壡
ʿ𾪡
У밲Ѿҡҡ׹һȭԷԶ
ǸԴϢӿѪȴޱɱͬ嫺ڷӿ
ɱ
ɱ
˵ͺһ̤棬ٴλȭԷ
ͻȻһغɫӰһֻС󣬲֪ʲôʱƬսУ죬ģ׺ݣһ˵Աߣһҧס˰


895 ٰ
ս⣬ʿɫһ䣬ȻһֻͨС֪սУʱһҧס˰󣬴ŭɫë
⡭
ʿ־㶡
ڵһʱ䶯ݣϳֻС󣬷ոսƬɸʱǸСʱСЩˣСơʱСҧסһСڰ

һС𿪡
һСɳɶԶڵϺ󷢳һʱû˶
ɫһ䣬

ͺͷڷ裬һ̣ȭգнɫƵһͷԻһǿ絽ǰ
ɫ㡭
ۣ
ȭͷڰϣֱӺ鰲ӣͬһʱİɳȥʮԶ
ҧŲһ磬ٴѹǰ
һʱ䣬񱩵ȭӰ
飡
飡
飡
˫ȭ붯ɫȭӰһֻѪմŤ

ǿо۳ſȭӰ˺Զ
Ȼʱȫѹֱӿ粽ٴαƽ
㡭
飡
һȭһڰϣֱӽ֮ɣѪˮ˳ա
ѺۣѪˮȾȻʱȴǲκεϢɰٴοǰȥɫȭͷֱѹ䡣
飡
һΣУڿѪ

ͺĽɫȭͷָצؿڣ˺һѪ⣬ʹؿֱӱѪģ
ҧ̽һѿסֱֻۣȭһκݺ¡
һְһȭĹֱӱҶˡ
Դ֣ȭͷѾ¡
飡
ٴκɣѪƮڿС
һ̤棬ٴαƽ˫붯ȭӰٴԻ֡

Ȼһʱ֮ȴѳȭַΧ
ȭӰѹ£һƻѪƮ춼ǡ
⡭
ˣ
壬߾Ӵ죬Ȼһͬˡ
ʿȫסˡ
ЩҲû뵽ȻܣҰܸһԼСΪˡ
ǿ߽棬ʱһϸ΢֮ٱܴƽ⣬Ӱս֡ϱǿ߶ԶС󣺡һУΪֻС
Աߣʿ˳Ŀȥ˸־ɡ
һֻͨСô嵽սУôҧ塭
˶⡣
飡
飡
飡
սУ˿ޱǱѹŴ򣬻Ѫͣ䡣

ŭǿǣһƻ⣬סͬʱɱ졣
ֻǣһƻŸոճֱǱһȭ顣
һٴκɣѪˮ
Ӯˣ
Զ̲סϲקȭͷ
̬СӣԴΪĴӮ˴Ļ壡
ֶ̲ס𺳡ĿҲڸԶֻСϣʱս֣СҧĪϵ
ԱߣҲǴžâ
ʱƬɽѾٵĲˣ̮ʮɣرѺۣһľѣȫһĳ
飡
սУһαɨɣѾݣѪˮ
粽ϵϢѾ˥͹ȣȴһޱȿµĸо·Ǵ˵еħʱճ
ˣ
һȭ£ѪȴĲٴνҷɡ
۵һһֱ飬Ѫˮ죬û۳

ͺ𣬴˿ѾͷɢģǱˣ˫ͬް¡
Ѫ˿ѪˮסˣȴȰҪЩ

ϣȭԼ侹ӰԻȻޱȵģȴɴһּΪֲϢǿѹһС
ɱ
ͺһ̤棬һ
һʱ䣬ʿԱɫ
壬Ҫɱ𣿣
ѾԵѾˡ
貶ĿĻ壬Ҫս᣿
һʿһ壬طǰĨɱ
䣡
ȭ罣һȭ£ֱһı̮
һȭŰͷ­գۼ
ˣ
ʱͺںȻһɫĻֱһȭҽ˳ȥʮԶ
ȣ
Ѫ̧ͷȥֻŰߵŤһŻ
ȳ̫ˣǿռŻ˿ռ䴫̨
𣿣

ͷɢǱΨд޾ɱ⡣
ұɱ㣡

Żһƹԣ֮С
ǡռŻ
пռ䴫̨
ⳡѵǡĿռ䴫̨⡭
ʿȡ
Զ˺ȻҲ˳
ҧгݣС˵ȻȱĶ
սУһŭͷڷ裬ֱϡŸոտԶǵͲֱӿȳһھѪ
Ҳʱ˵һӰռŻûֱʧǰ
ݺҧק˫ȭȴûκΰ취ʱѾɿݣ˵ޱأҰѾģһƬѪˮУʹǰһƬѪɫʲôˣһڳС
Զ˺һʱ䶼¶֮ɫ
Сӳס
еɫһչһɫ⣬˲ϢԱߡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ⱥϵͬʱּ컯ơ
ˣ
˶ǿߣܿʹ忪ʼָϵѺһٶȿʼϡ
֮ʮȥɫתɿȣѪˮѪ
ģ˵Ŀ治ᣡ
ĥ
ʶȴ⣬ǵһμ˵ôء
ϾǸ

һ˳ٵĶɹȥʹָĸ졣
תۣʮȥ
ʱɫںתȻɲ԰ףȴһ˿Ѫɫ
ˡ
˵
ջԼ˿
Сӣ治СΪܻ壬ˣ

ҡ
ǿЦ
ֳŵվĿƶԶֻС
˳ȥĿҲСϡ
˵ͻȻֵСǰһæ

ͷԶǸʱСͻȻݺݸһڣⳡս˭ʤ˭ĺ˵
ʱʹСķ߹ȥ


896 콾
СԱߣСڵϣѾǳ٣Իȥʹһ˵壬ǿת̫˿˿ƵѪɫԾ֯һ⣬סСһ֮
ˣҪȫָҲٺķѸʱС

΢΢ͷ˳С˵ķǳء
ѰЩĵطɡ
˵
С
˶ǵͷ
ʱ˵ĺأҪС󣬼Ȼһ¡
һվɨܣԶȥ
ΪˣǵٶȲ죬Ҳû̫ܿ뿪ƬһͿĴɽʧطһʿС
⡭
ˣȻĴ˻塭оһ
ǣĵһ˰ɣ
ڵҲͬһôĻˣȻֹǵĵһȥ˵ҲǾԵͬ޵У
£
Ű뿪ӰЩʿĲ
ͬʱҲҡͷοԵ̫ˣղҵնɱµľŸǿսƺҲȫսԼҲܣռ䴫̨Ǳӣǡ
Щ˰ɣ
Щˣ٣澡ʧϾǰһ̻һ⻷ųͬһǻ壬ȴǰܵôҡ
Щ
ʿҡͷ
Զȥķ򣬴ʱѾǿӰȴɴ𺳡

ʱѾԶԶ뿪Ƭɽսһɽһζڴ
ת̫ĬĬˣͬʱҲ̫ĹâС֡
ˣ
һʱ䣬ѪɫԾЩȣЩϢһҲʹСƿٺת
һĬĬΪʱһĻɵľ
һ˲õʥ

֣ǾԲġ
һ࣡
һֹ
΢˫ĬĬת̫ĹâԽԽŨϢԽԽǿ
һۣŸʱȥϵϢȫﵽ״̬
һ̣˫ۣâһţˡңͬһʱ䣬ԵСҲȫָԶ£Ҳ˫ۡ
СôصˣȻŸʱȫָˣСҲֻѾŸʱͳ⡭ʥôǿ𣿣
ȡ
ҲԾܿҲƽʱ۵졣
һЦŵͷ˿̼СҲִָۣһƹԽСһڡ
ʱ䣬С󲻽ȬƤëҲø˳йˣ˿˿ƾӨ֮˸췢һǳϲģצһ䡣
⣬ʶ㣿
һ΢㶡
ͷС˳ƤëЦǰƬɸǣСˣǴӥצѣһʯߣҰκˣȻˡû뵽СȻ׷ŵƬɽ
ʹһǶݣһ·ѭζ׷ֻɺϼܵƬɽڣ㣬Ͼɸ˵ţֿڣƤëССһﻹ¸ңܵǸطǻ˵սֱ˹ȥҧ
ɰôһСһͶ֪ͼ
գۣСƤë
ܲ
صˣһСۣѵˡ
ͷô˵أʱĲЩССԴڵһѰǱõڣ;νһе˴أǵڴоȳ벻ǣԷȴֱӳֶһδδصҾ˵ļ϶ѹңҽѺ⵽Ǵ׷ɱ
ԣһǶݡ
£
ۡ
ģԣ⻹ǽͦƯ˵ţڣĴʵòƶ̫ǿʵѹƵκδˣôҪҪȥƷǣڶ
ã뿪ǰʱǸѾˡ
Ц
ôһ˵һǲɵöЩ졣
ǰʱǸ͸ˣЩ죺ģܲŶԣǸʱӦû´죬ֵүӣܹµԷĸ϶йء
˶죬ҲǺһЩĸоԵЩ档
ȷʵǺйءͷô˵أʦİɡ
ʦ
һ΢㶡
㻹ʦ죬˵ţˣǰ˵һֱɽʱڸʦУ
⻰ʱЩ˼ֻ⻰ѣ룬ﾹȻһֱǵá
ɡ
Ρ
ʦ£㲻ʲô˲õĴܣûʲôıҪοǰ
ô˵һ˵Ǹ쾹һʦ
죬ܹ̳ĵӣʦôҲȥɣʲôΪ
գۿһ֪ӣĿҲϡ
Ϊ磬ʵ˵Ҳҡͷϼһﵱɱ塣
ʲô
һ󾪣ʱ𺳲ѡ
壡ǵȼĴڣͨİ벽ۻʼǿҲʮУƵĵۻ֮޵УڣЩǿĴǿնɱ羳һͨۻʵģʦȻɱ壿
ۣˡ
ͷֵ񣬻ûô
ɶûô
һٴξȣɱһ壬Ȼûô


һɵõۡ
԰СӣԮͦиǸʣиʦɱ壬ôءĥ˵ʦĸϼһ˵ܲôɱ壬ô˵ҲǻǧϹ
бһۣʲôǧϹʦųһٶѡ
ųһٶꣿ
һٴ𾪡
СӣţƤЩͷ˰һٶɱ壬һôүû˵ʷй
涼Ŀɫаɱ벽ۻʶʮеĴ壬һôôܣ񼣽٣
ϼһ֪ˣô콾
Ц
иʦʵ˵ĺܽ
һľסˣһ𺳡
ǡȷʵϾ콾ͷˣ죡
и콾ʦиãҪǱ֪ˣ˭㣿
ֹ


897 ղ漶
˺Ǳ쾪ĹǺԭΪֻһǿʣ뾹иܲôնɱʦҪǣʦһٶֻ꣬һٶѣǺεȵˣ
̫ˣ
ﹾ¡
һ˶죬ǲ졣
⵹ʹЩ˼ЦЦŵУҪǵÿԼ

С󴫳ȥԵúǻڡ
һЦСԴ
߰ɣ뿪ˡ
˵
ȬңǿһЩûıҪ
һ뿪˳ȥ
ǴʱһƬɽɽôۣȴҲǱȽϳԣϾɸ磬κһɽȥ
һɽУûãһΪŨĵطͣ½ŲͷϵС
СһǾֱɣԺҪúעⰲȫ
˵
һ˽ʿʱпܻΣյĴսǲܽһֻСߣǶԣСԣһ¡
С۾գգ΢ЩᣬȴǺ조Ľתһһܿ뿪ˡ
ЦЦ˺ˣ߰ɡ
ɨС뿪ķһڿն𣬳Զȥ
ܿ죬һ˱뿪ɽķΧȥ˼Զ
ȥģڣ漴ֵ˵ջǺܲףΪͻƣҪȥɽˮġ
ʱ䣬ջޱȾˣ䣬ȺοµΪΣٶȿ쵽㣬ԶԶˮ׼ʱԷȥһɽˮҲ㲻ϾʿΪȻҪľҲһҪڣʱľΪҪ
ɸ⣬СҺ͸Ѿܶˣ룬ؼҿ
û˵ʲôΨЩ΢⡣
ԣҲ΢ϤӰٸԺ֮С
ǾͻȥɣҲô롣
˵
һ㣬ϦͼҲѾǷֿ˺ܾãӦûȥˣеŮѩҹǸҲòˣЩˡңʱ칬ʱѾĴ㣬׼칬ͻȥ뿪칬ǡɸҲƬϢ̫һսѰ𶴸ȣֵôʱ䡣
Ǿô˵ˣڻȥ
Щˡ
ĴųүûʲôСȥģүȥġ
ûʲôǣңȻǺһ
ͷ棺أ
ȥɡͷһ˿˿΢⻮ЩԹҲ˽ˣ
ԹʲôԹ˭棬צһӣСӣ֮үһ˭г˳ңֱӺѹȥ
֪νġԹʲôԱߵȴ֪ڵļҲǵڶһȰ׼٣Ϊһѣʵ𣬱Ƭ̫ʥغͨʥسûɱ룬ңҳȥ̱һȫߡһѪˡ
֮ޣ죡
꣬ûʵȥӦ̫ʥغͨʥأֻ̣СĶʥص׷ɱʵѾ㹻ˣҪȥ˽ڴޣ
صڶһȥ
˵
ȴܼᶨ
ͷû˵ʲôлĻΪǵĹϵҪ˵Ȼ
߰ɡ

뵽£ǽ֯һâ⡣
صڶҪһٵ
£һûôͣ٣ŽƬɸʱŻȥ
ٶȲ죬ҲܿԽɽ
ﬣ
ͻȻһɱԲԶһɽնϬ̼顣
һһǸов
ͨɫ˸ٶչصǚiŰˣǧһ֮ʱܿٷĿֲɱ⡣
䣡
ɱԶһɽ䣬ֱӽɽĻҷ
ĸ˵
ȵ
Գɱնķȥ
һɽϣʮӰ⽻֯ǿϢâһƣӽǺ䡣ʮΪ׵һߣɿݣȴɭϵϢǦưӿ֮ռ䲻ͣŤ
ˣһɫ
죡ðģ
ݡ
ǰʿ϶㲻ϣΪ䣬ֻдˮ׼ʱˣǲò⡣
ϤϢɫ΢漴лһĨĹ⣺ղҵˣ
ǰղһȺǿԵɱΧסˣʱɱ˲٣Լ仹ǵЩеϢǵϢЩҲУ
ʵϣûиоʮȷʵղҵǿߣ֮ǰղԵʮ˱նɱղұиǿƬڴ˿Ѱǡ
ղңģ֮ǰɱȺղ˵˵֮漶ղҳɱû뵽ˣңȻ˸ģ
ĥ
ǰʮѹɱ죬ʮռ䶼ƺҪˡ
ȺĶұŮ
ʮУΪ׵Ļ߿ڣͬ鲣ĦЩˣЩݵͫףǸһֲֿĸо
³ôһ仰ʱɱӿ级˰ѹˡ
˿ٳĻȴ˲䱻飬ȫɣɳȥʮԶסΣɫǱЩ԰ס
Щ鷳

Щ鷳Ǻ鷳
ĥ
һʵǷǳǿ󣬵ǿҲڵסһĳǿߣ֮Ϊ̫ˣ߶ܡ
ղʮһٶǴ𣬶һĿǱ̹ǣɱⰻȻм˺һڱᦣϿӡķӡǵһʱ佫ⷽԲɵĿռȫסˣһ˿һӶݻᡣ
һʱ䣬һɫֱ䡣
䣡
ܿ񱩣ɱ⺧ˣķԲʮڵռ䶼ҡ
߶ˣɫ㣬ɱӿ
ϷҪǵѹĹǰ
ߺ
¡һɱ⽻֯ͬһ嫺һѹ¡
һ󾪣ȹ̫ǿˣǲ˿⣬Դ߶ǿսʩչһͨǰӭϣֵƬϯɱˡ
Ȼɱһǿ֣֮ǿĲֻ̼㽫ǳͨȫ飬ɣԿȳһѪ


898 ħ
˺ɣԶסΣѪɫһӱø԰ˡ
ô죿
ҧ
ȻҲɫأصʵ̫ǿˣǸס
䣡
ǰɱٴӿøˡ
ղҵĻϣٴζˣɿݵӰ֯ſֲĲͬһѹпˣɭֻ
£¡¡ģƬռƺİ㣬ɱ𶯡
һһ𣬸ԵˣѪһ󷭹ֿȳһѪ
ˣ

˸ԳĻɫǺܲ԰ףء
Ҳʱɱ𣬻߲һɱˡ
СӣǸСһѹһ£
ٵ
ҡͷͳСһﻹڵûսһЩûǻ۵ãǻ۵飬á
ĥˣȷʵ˵ţ̲סڻô죬ѵҪģүûеٵ羳أ
ԱߣҲɫÿӭŻǵɱ̫ڿˣǾԵסֱܵȫˣ߶ܣôȥһˣᱻղնɱڴˡ
һ취
ͻȻڵ
ǰӭĻߣʱһƵĺ˸˳
ʲô취ʹ
ߴ١
ʱŻѹɱ纮ѹǣǺܡ
춢ǰ΢΢ס
˺󣬻񣡡

˺ͷĻûκԥæˡ
һ̣ͻأ뵽Щʲôɫٱ䣺Сӣò뽫ǡ
䣡
⾶ֱ⣬ӿֱӴĻ
漴һ̣˵һһඦڳǰ
Ҫǿ޴龧
һ
ʱ䣬ɫȻ֪ඦװһ޴龧龧Ƿһħ꣬һǳµĴڣһǱųһޱ˵¡
С侲ǧһų˵ǶҪѣ

ͰҲͷǶʶඦǸħĿֲֻ͸龧һ΢ϢǿʿʧԼ񣬶Ǵ龧ų֪ᷢεȿµ£
治֪ħĴڣֻվһߣѹĻߡ
û취ˣ˴죬ħӰʲôʵԵãֻнų촫ûʱˣǸϽˣ񣡡˵ţڣඦ߳ȥ
䣡
â貣Ҳһ֧â
ޱǿᣬߴ죬ô⣿죬еɱŨˣɱҪ㣡ƾǱɱһɱӿֱ̧ץ죺ϷҪĹǰÿԻ޳Ҫ㳢п̣
¡¡ģѹ£󿦿ķ飬ռ
ѪߵĴֻûֽҪѪĸоʹȻˣȴûаη壬෴øӱ
ӭŶԷץĴֿ粽ϣֱԷĴֻԶʱһҧֱӽඦתʹһ޴龧лŻѹȥ漴ඦջڣٳֻͼʹֻͼĴ໥һںϳǿֶΡֻͼ
飡
ͺȳֻͼǰɾ֮ʹâݺײǾ޴龧ϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ղһ̽ĴÿǷħľ޴龧ֱѹȥ
䣡
ʱ𶯣һɿ˵ǰƬռֱӱû
ڵһʱת̫ľԽɫĻ壬ȴǱķɣѪһӿһ˿Ѫ

ͬһʱ䣬һҽղһ̽ĴֱһɫѪɷħˣʹֱͬһתۼǻһ̯ɫŨѪ
һʱ䣬󷽵ղʮǿɫ
ϣʲô
ʮ˽Գ߳ȥ
һ̣ƬûĿռٴһɿֲħƵϵӿʹʮֹסǰĽŲ
𣡡
һҰ̼ĴƬռ䡣
߾Դһʱ䱻ɣڿѪ鲼Ѻۡ
ϣ
ղҵʮǿ߱ɫȻһ̱Ǻݺһӿ䣬ǱЩãȻɫԵЩ·һڻþ֮С
䣡
ǰħâأһѿ
ʶҡҷһͻסʱ˵˰ߡ
𣡡
˵һߵɲǣһҰ޵ǰĿռֱӱ
ʱǰƬռѾȫħ֣ɫһƬ͸ڵħȥԼԿĵվһЩߴӰһƬѪ죬֯ãѪȺɱ¾ޱˡ
ųˣ
˿Һ
ԱߣҲľʹӡ
һ˵õǰʾ⣬Ѿֶλ񣬲ûܵκӰ졣ʵϣѾǴڴΣûǰ׼ǻܵӰҲ̫ܵħԸź󣬺ܻܿ
𣡡
ǰһħâƵ죬ĸĿռ䲻̮
ǸطɫħâӿͬǱһռи˰㡣ˣȥһӰԻ˳Ƿϡ
Щħȫɽڣ
ǰ
ͷɢңϵµĺۼ²ûĥ𣬴˿һħ⣬˫ĿһƬѪ졣
ˣ̲ס˿ҺССӣҪǳûӦô죿
ģ֮ǰһִڣӦÿһЩѹħԵá춢ǰͳʱֻҪǲȥ̼Ӧòô
ģ
Щ졣
ġ
ͷ
ô˵ʱҲǾԷЩ
ϾĻǻǷǳŵģңĴȷʵǺܲһ㣬ܹѹħħԵǼпܵ¡
ʲôˣ
ʱһŭ
һ̧ͷȥֻղʮǿ߶ѾȫħħӰ죬ʱĻħ꺮


899 ˵ħ
ղҵĻ߳ħ꺮ŭһ˶ʱһ
ͷëɣѵ˲ǵģ
ۣС
ҲЩʵϣ֮ǰħǿ޴龧ȥʱԼϿӡһּ򵥵ƣһͷħ긽һͷȻӵղҵǿ߸ֻҪƣʹһͷħ꣬һͷղҵǿߣӶʹħΪղҵڹֱӱܽħǿǣƵղҵϡ
ֻǣ뵽ǣ⻹ûпǵƣղҵĻ߾Ȼֱӳħ꺮ֱǡǿް
ư׿ˡ
ԡ
䣡
ǰħƵķռ䲻ŤѹֵϢϯ˻ġ
Ƭϣħɫħ֯ʱƫͷסղҵĻߡ˫һƬѪ죬ǱѪȾһ㣬н֯Ѫȱɱ¾
ӭղҵĻ߶ʱһԭֻڱ˺Ϊŭʶħһ䣬ɴ˿̣ӭħʱֳһڵľ壬Է̫ˣоһ
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߵղʮǿȻǲͷѾԵ亹£̲סһ
𣡡
һҰħдֱӱ˸һƬƬաղһߣǱ֮һҡһεģ
źɫħһƵƮţͬһػħս
ղʮ˸һħ꾹еľʱŨˡ
㣬㡭
ղһ߻֣̿촽ڷʱʼڸղųԷŭˡ
𣡡
Ұ޵쳹񷣬ֱӱ˸Уħٶͻأ˫ĿѪ죬ͬҰް㣬ƵħâһĳղʮˣϵĺɫħһƬɫˣС
ˣˣ
ղһ߻ִ̿У󣬵һźȥٶȷǳ졣ʱѾûйȥһˣȫȴ˵Ĵڡ
ͬһʱ䣬ղʮҲǷɿˡ
Ȼħٶ̫ˣֻɲǼ㿿ʮ˽ǰֱ̧㽫˵һץУ˫֮˺飬Ѫˮ춼ǡ
ң
˴ڴ죬ݳִУղȥ
ħħâƣſһղǿߵʱ䱻һɿֱֲӷɵħУħһ¡
һʱ䣬ղҶӿȥʮ˸øӾ֣ȻĻҲֹסĶ
ԶһҲǲ¡
áÿ£
ӡ
춼ЩͷƤ飬̲סһ⵹ǵΪħɱղһǿߣûʲôˣսȼʿ̧־ѹͷƤģħɱղǴֶίʵЩˣԷ˺飬һڽˣ
䣡
ӿħƵɫħâӿһУһڶԻ
ħ˫ĿѪ죬ɱղһǿߺ̧ͷסղʿ
𣡡
һħ˷ٴζˡ
¡һͬһħٶȿ켫֮ռһɲǱǱƵղʮǰһצӽһղǿߵͷ­ץߣѪˮԽ֮ϡһѽץǰͬ˺˰ֱӽ֮˺飬Ҳһ˫еħУ
֮ûаͣһͷҰޣѪӶסղˣֱǰȥ
䣡
һħâ嫺һ㷭ղǿû

ҽ̼ԹħâдղǿȴӲȥɫħâͬǵۻʸת۽ǵʴ˸ɾʹ뻯ŨѪҲһ٣ʧ
ղȺˣڣһʮɱʱȴת۱ֻʣ˰ˣһǾֲѡ
ˣ졭졭ˣ
ղһٴοڣﶼЩˣųԶӡ죬սǿǣ˿̵ħȴֲ̫ˣħ꣬оԼ϶ȲϣԷƺּ̧佫ܽ糹Ĩȥ
𣡡
ħѪɫɱ¾Ϣʱٶȶס˻ߡ
ǴĿռ¡¡Ķһħ˳Żȥ
һ;ֱӽղȺһʼʮռᦸķѣƬĴӿ¡
ռˣ
Զǰһ
˳طǧҪǸħ꣡

һСƶֱ˳طǧԶͣ£һɽﳯǰȥ
үղȺ˸ôģ

ղʮɱȻд𣬲ȴҲ˵ѪȻܲˬ
ֻۿĻʲôգҪ̼С
춢ǰħ
˺ǵͷԽϢѹͣǰȥ
䣡
ǰħâ죬ˣ춼Ǻħ
ħ˫Ѫ죬ղҵĻߣǱƵԷĽǰ
ʱ䣬ղһߺݺһҪʲ
𣡡
ħħâǵأֻƱһɡ
߿Ѫ϶ʱ鲼Ѻۡ
ħǱ壬ŵɵĻߣֱ̧֣ͷ­ץȥ
סΣħĴѹʱӿ־塣һһӡħӭĴѹȥǼĴ򣬽֯Ĵ⣬ͬһƬǿպħѹȥ



ȫ֣Ʒʹ򾡳ҲޱȾˣֱһѣռ
Ϊζԣ˵սǲ
Զ
ܵסħꣿ
С
ҡͷϣûС
µ˲䣬ǰƬϣħĴֽܼ֯ħ⣬һ߼飬󣬴ƲߵĴһѹᴩߵţץ˳Ѫʮ

߲ҽУΪűᴩ౻ץΪħ꽫ƹں󣬲һƿֲħСʱЩڵħʼʴڳʶûȥ
ϣ
ղǿ߾С
ҲʱħٴδץŻߵֱѹȥĲϣʹöԷֻʣһ߳ȥ֮ɫ
ħ˫Ѫ죬ħâӿס߶ݳ꣬ſͬɱʼǸղǿ߰㣬ֱߵأһڽ뵽С


900 ٵ
ǰɵǶоղһߣȻҲħ̵ֱֶ꣬ʵЩˡ
θڻã

бһۣǰ
ǰƬϣղ׷ɱƬʮ˻ʣˣǴǿߣʵܷǷ˿ȴжǴŨŨľ֮ɫ
ôᷢ£
˻¡
ʱ򣬶ħ꣬߸ղǿɪɪǿ־ޱȣǿǼ쳤ϣԷ꣬ȥ
ӣҪӣ
˾ֵ
ʱ䣬ȫߵƿ߸ͬķߡ
Ǻܴѡͬķ򣬲ܵйǿߵٶȣ
Զ΢ۡ
£ǰħ죬ĺֱӱ񷡣
ħ˫Ѫ죬ֻһͳղҶ߳ȥһǿǰ
㡭
ۣ
ħ֣һƽղǿߵͷ­飬ħⷭһķ顣
վڲϣħ⽻֯һħ⣬Ѫɫͫղǿ߶߳ȥķ
ৣ
һ죬ħʧԭأһ̽һ߳ȥղǿ£֯ѪɷħĴֱȥ顣
Ҫɱ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ղǿ̼䱻飬ͬҲһĥС
һ̣ħƫͷͫеѪɫ΢ЩǱϢɼࡣ
৵һٴʧԭأղǿߡ

ȡ
ǡ
Ҳ

ħٶȺܿ죬ȺͬλϣŴĿѪ
Ƭռʱ࣬ղɱʮǿ߱ɱһɶ
ǸѪħ
Զ˵
ҡͷô˵ʵҲܿ
֪ħһЩ£Էǵһʥ֮ʥΪѹһͷɾԴѣͷǿԼħͻ󼸸ʥͽǿнԼӡ˲ʹԼ䵽ģ
ǰħϣͷɢң紵һħ⻷ơ
Ȼ䣬΢΢ƫͷ͸ǧԶ룬Ѫɫ˫˵ڵء
ʱ䣬һһֻоһ̶ñ
ɣ
顣
ҲڣСӣȷǶ֣
ģֻҪǲô

һ˶ǰħ꣬ס˺ָûжһ¡
漴һֶ̣˿ħĿ˿ȥ
һ̣ϣħͻȻһֹµĸо˫һƬѪ죬ıɱ¾ɢֻ࣬ãøŨˡƬɸŲʹأһ¶ߣһԶתۼʧ
һվǧһɽ䣬ħ뿪΢΢˿
Сӣôߵ磿ʲôѰɣ
ʵ
ᣬҲˣ۾ѾûʼʱôѪˣңеıɱ¾Ҳ˺ܶ࣬񲻻ʲôˣħԲŵˡ˵ȻȥǾˡ
£
Сֹ
ħ뿪ķҲǴһƵ΢⡣
˵Сӣ֮ǰӡħ龧ƿƺûȫըǻЩƬ׹Ǳߡʱڣָǧһλã˵ЩСƬӦҲֵܵͨ龧
ѭָǸȥκǰ΢΢һУ
ȥǧһʯϣɢҵʮ龧Ƭٽٽ龧ϼһ£൱ͨ龧ȻһѾûʲôãóȥȴǼֵܸߡ
ˣѾûˡҡͷǿ龧ħ꼫Ϊƾõ£ѾѪɷħȾȥеȣֻк档
˵ţһ𣬻ʮɫâʮ龧ƬȫٵϾЩ龧ƬѾȾǱ֪ѰẦˡ
֮˺߰ɡ
ߣȥ
ϲ뿪Ѿкüˣͦҵġ
û˵ʲôƽء
˿˿Ĺ⣬Եúܰ
һ뿪λãŽƬɸʱ·ųڴλȥ
֮ǿɽ˲ʿӰеҲвǿߣѪԵޱȻ
ЩԭڸѰʱ˳֣һǶʱǾη
ǡǸˣ
ǰЩ죬Ǹ尲
֮ǰɱв򼸸
Щʿļ£ʶӣݺݵ˼Һ
ǿ㣬ǿɷǶħһ
˵
бһۣû˵ʲôطЩʿķӦȻҲȥ⣬䣬úǺͰһƬɸ硣
ȻҪЩ
˵
һвƬͨʱŻԵͨʱŻλڻλãҪӵȵٴӵ´С
£һûвĶٶȲ죬ҲžڻλõʱŻȥ
תۣʮȥһ˳ڻ򣬿еʱһЩԴˣû⣬żȶ·ߣܿһԵλá
ǰʮһСɽȣһɽȾͷһ޴ʯ̨֪Ժֲʴɣмһҵɫ֯غϣͬʱܵĿһͬİĲɣϢ
ˡ

ͨʱŻ
Ժ˵ۻʼΣͲҪʱŻδʮ̧־˺ϣȥȥ

ۻʼûô׵
ﹾ¡
˵пˣ߰ɡ
ǰʯֺ̨꣬Ϣ֯Ե÷ǳˡһ˿ʯ̨ûʲôԥȺʱŻ
һʱ䣬ڰС
֮󣬲֪ȥ˶ãһ˱ȺԺڰڵ
ʱһʯͨʱŻԵ£ǳ
ֵƬˣСӣҪҪȥǸӣ

룬ҡҡͷˣҲûʲôر£´ƬʱɣֱȥͨʱŻ
ͷУ߰ɡ
һնУȥʱԵͨʱŻǰȺС漴ھһƬڰһ˳һƬʯ
ˣ򣡡
лһĨâ


901 ػ𻯵
ƬʯطȻϤǴĵ򡣶ʵϣ˶طȻҲİ
ߡ
³ʯȥ
˺û˵ʲô
ƬʯֵĵЩҲЩȱʪô£һȻ£ܿ߳Ƭʯ֣տǧԶ
ǵأһصĶһߡ
˵
Ϊʢ޺ƬƬһããӸϣֲޣǿ߶ûҪĳǰʢޡΪƬͨڶʱŻλʢޡңʢ֮𻯵ţҪ𻯵ţжҪˡ
·үš

ͷʿȽܼĵطȥ
Ƭû̫ɽҲԵúƶ񤣬ȴǲ
һƬأһЩʿϢúһƬʯȺǰÿһʯʯĴɣһɼΪŨϢ֯š
䴨ɱ
ǰ
䴨ɱΪƬصļ֮һһʢϵļʳһǿ󣬴е·ǳƾã̷ǳǿڶࡣĿȻܼ򵥣Ŀռ䴫󣬴ӶƬشﵽʢ޵ؽ硣
һڸһ龧󣬺ܿǿ䴨ɱڵһߴ̨ϡֱ̨ӽʿ䴨ɱ͵һߵʢ޵
ˣ
̨Ͽ˸ֵƣһȫһԣһС漴һ̣һѷ측ֶһû
ڰٴνһ˰
λȺڰУѾϰߣԶǺܰһҲ
֮ƺûйȥã˵һǰһɴ˴ĺڰһƬɽ䡣
䣡
һŸոճ֣ʱп񱩵ӿһͷӴԲϮǣΪһͷӥֱɫȻǽǵ
ʲôɱүģݿдճͱӣ
֡
ֲεĿռ䴫󣬿ԽǴ͵Ƭʢ޴򣬵гλȴ޷ȷҲûа취¡ңҲûʲôˡ˵΢΢ƫͷɨһ۳Ϯɱͷӥݡ
ɱľӥΪӥ۷弶ˮ׼Ũʱ򣬵ӭʱȴʱݺһֱӴ䡣ֻǱɨһۣͷӥǸоĿ£ֲ
ȥطȻµڶ򡣡
˵
ȥģ
Щ档
һţй
˵
н֯˿˿ƵľâճĳһλȥǸطƬʮ֮һ𻯵šػصҪ𻯵ţȥҪˡңҲ𻯵ŵӦȥһˡ
ô˵ԿһۣȴҲûпڶʲô
£һڿն·һȶλöȥ
Ƭʢ޵Ϊ㣬ɽһһ֯ŵǺܲף䡰ʢޡνҲǷǳС
һ˵ٶȲ̫죬ҲúǷɽ
ףôźϤ
ȷʵеϤ
Һ
ǰֲʿΪվȣ˿̼һˣĿⶼϣһɵı顣
ǣͻȻһϱʿɫ˫УͫʾҵǸ죡
طۼʿ٣Լʮң⻰󣬶ʱɫ
죿
ǼǰǸ죿
áˣ
ˣǸ죡
⡭ʧѾˣֳˣ
һʱ䣬طʿȫ¶֮ɫ˲ɵЩͷƤ顣
Ƭʢ޴ʵ̫ʢˣһ֮£վʱͿɱ˼ǿߣ󣬶Ը׵ţݻѰңڣǼƬʢϵĶ׻ʳսᣬ˲֪˲ʱأЩ˼ٴγ֣һļ£ڷ
Щ˲֪ǰΪԻĹ׷ɱ뿪ƬҲ֪⼸Ⱥȥ˵͵ҽԴ˺պ֪ѾǴڴ죬նɱصǿߣֻ֪ǰʢϷЩ£ֻƾЩ£Ҳ㹻Ƕ쾴ηˡ
˺ΪǺǿȻЩʿǿЩ˶ʱ־ηͼɵһʱ䶼Щ棬뿴졣
㵱Ƭʲôôǿ㣬ɷǶħһ
ʵ
쵱ǺһʲôɷǶħú˵Ѿͷڵô˵ƬһĴʣԼɷǶħˣ
űõĶͷĥǣܺ㣬һ
㿪ˡ
ŰҲһӣҲûûʲôǵվʱɱ˼ʿȻͨɾնһţƵһңһڣսһʳ˵ţǸʳ֮ǰᵽǸҶ𱨵Ĵ
Ļһۡ
СӣĿ԰Ƭʢĸݣ

ʲôһЦһֱǣ˲ҲˣңҪɱңֻǷѡ
˷ۣû˵ʲô
Ҳȣ뵽쵱Ƭʢֳô̡
Щ¶ȥܾˣǼ߰ɡ

˺ҲûϾ⣬·طԶȥֻطһʿ𺳵ԶȥıӰ
Ǹ˰⡭
ʱ֣֪᲻ֳʲô粨
ӦòˣϾƬʢ϶еѾˡ
ȷʵˣ
оԱȼǰǿˡУһǼˣƺҲ򵥣ȥǿ󡣡
ҺϸоһƵĲҡƺһЩǿߵĵҪһЩ
ʲô
ȴǿ߻Ҫĵ򲨶˵ˣ
ôܣ
Źȥ೤ʱ䣬еô죿
ԶȥıӰЩʿһپ

һ˲Ѿгȥ˼Զ߹ɵľ롣
ϣ·ģٶԱÿЩ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱǰһƬ嫵ĵȺһƬɽУȥƲ
ˡ
ϸһ˿Ц⡣


902 ѩҹ
ɽʣʹϸЦ⣬𻯵ڡ
ʱأ»ˡ
ϣңң𻯵ڣԻ͵һʯһ飬ֲܹ϶ǽ֯мŨĹԣһ֮ơ
УһʱЩ
Сӣʲô㶣ʱڣǰ𻯵ţ㵱Ƭţ
عͷԣ߰ɣǽȥ
˵ţȶУ𻯵ʮ⽵գͽг𻯵ȥ
ܿ죬һ𻯵ǰ
ʲôˣ
𻯵ŵͥʮɸߣϴ죬鲼磬ľϡһ˿ŵĵǰʶ磬ɫ£ѯʼˣͬһʱ䣬ͥŵҲһˡ
漴һ̣Щŵӿеʱʱɫ䡣
š
ǰŵӿڣ죬ţ嶼Щ΢΢
ϴŵЦ⣬΢΢ͷ
ʱŵĵһоϲ
ңطŵҲǸ
桭ڻˣǰŵ˷ޱȣ쵥ϥд񣺡ӣμ
μ
μ
μ
ͥǰеŵȫĵؾη
ǰ𻯵֮ѣ֮Яһǿɱͬʱս׵㽫𻯵ŸǸʱֱԾܾ֮׳һڷ룬ţסһڵӡƣҪ𻯵Ž죬𻯵ţԼţԴά𻯵ŵİ壬ܲ𻯵ڵأ
ǸʱһεΪ󣬽𻯵ţȴֻӸʢ޵ڿѣǣֻʱ뿪𻯵ȥУңΪʱ֮λ졣
𻯵ŵˣҲ𻯵һڵޱص
ˣ
˵
л
ط𻯵żŵͬĻվ
Ӷ˷ܶΪ𻯵Ųڵв뿪Ȼ̳֮λȴһֱⴳĥ£ʱһжΪ𻯵šʱأˣʢѾкպնڣ˽׵ţͬһܡ
£ֱӳ𻯵ţźǵˣ
һ𻯵壬һߺĻת۴š
ʲô
ˣ
ģ
ʱ䣬𻯵ը˹
ʱ򣬰˺ǵɴۡ
ǣ
һһɫ
֮ǰ˵𻯵йҪǲûʲôĶ˿ȴǼȳһǳԾ𺳣죬Ȼŵ
߰ɣǽȥ
Цŵ
˵ţǰ𻯵ڡ
˺Ҳ𻯵ţΪǺһŵ𻯵ŵȻǰ
ģ
𻯵еȫ˳µŵӣϵĵӣԲ⡣
ңͬһʱ䣬𻯵ŵһִºͨҲ˳ȫ˸е¡
ܿ죬𻯵ŵһ˶ǿ죬¶ϲı顣

һʱ䣬߳𻯵ŵ뵥ϥݵȥ֮ͬǰļŵӰ㣬д
һִºһͨҲΰݣɫûа㲻
μ
μ
μ
ЩУкܶԶкܶԶ𻯵ţʱһȴһ⣬ϽǴŷԷθ֮ɫ
ֻת۶ѣ𻯵ںѹѹĹһȺˣȴԼͰԼ⣬һվŵӰ
СӣаңžȻô
ѾǴӾлع
˶ƽ࣬ȴЩϾ𻯵ſɲС쾹Ȼһŵǲܶʱȫƽ
бһۣ𻯵һڵӣִºͨϣ
ǣ
˰ͬǻֺ꣬ȫվ
ʱ򣬶죬˶ק˫ȭһЩͬˣǳ羴
֣
ͻȻһҴЩʵһŮٶȿľˣһ¾˵컳У죬Ѱ˶ʧѾõ䱦㡣
Ů΢΢ݡ
ŮһϮȹ˳ĺڷں磬ͬں쳾һ㣬ʱ滨꣬Ư˵۾⡣뿪𻯵ţһأÿն˼͵ġΪԣΨһˡ
ޡ
Ц
𻯵ţģǰŮˡ
Աߣ۾ɵĸˣʱ֯ŵȴǾȣһֻңһֲ
ʱȻҲע⵽˰쳣飬΢ԵЩκͲ˼æŮ˵ѩҹȹҵ
Щ꣬ͰȻûʲôͷϵĳŵԼϵȴѾǲԶضһҪȢһҪޣԣȻʱֳĬ
ȹġˣ
ѩҹЩվڰʱץŰһ·
ͷ
ѩҹʱȻע⵽˰ˣæɿ죬ᣬԱ߿翪һЩܹµĵ˶ѣЩһ㡣
ǺáᣬԵЩнĿڰϣԵøӾнЩҲСӽ߲ȥ㡭á
㡭Ҳá
ڰһСƽռĻõƤȫģ
һʱ䣬ǵľŮһСıŶԷ
ŮˣʱЩ
죡
ʱһЦһ˴Զ粽ϹЩ
˺ȻΪһ֮λˡ

Ϊ쵹Դ֮Щæӭȥ
ΪҡͷЦڣ𻯵ŵ̫ϳϡ
ҲЦðɣ̫ϳϡ
Ϊﵽأ澳¼޵УΪѾǿ࣬ΪʱȴǰءΪЩºΪǿ޹أΪλȹΪնɱŵĳϼΪصļ֮һΪ䵽ǿض䡣
죡
ϼһӦý
ԶԶԣϺͿˣӭ
Ϊʮߣ˿ϽԴż֮ɫΪ𻯵ŵʮϡ
ʮߣԵͷϴŵЦǣ
䣡
Զ𻯵ŵһɽϴ˺ƵһͷԳ𣬳


903 
ٶȺܿ죬ת۱ǰСȴɺŨ
źԣ¶Ц⣺ѣɺã
Ĺ׷ɱǿн˦ߣú𻯵šʱأٴμԣԸо֯ǿΪڴ
Զͷڵأ
ͦá
Ц
ͷ­۰ˣ漴ѩҹͷ˦ȥ׷죬ȴǲ׷ϣĻ𻯵ţһֱСڼ䣬֪ѩҹĹϵҲʱѩҹС
ԣ
۴ԣһĨ⣬ΪܺѪһѪǿһԾأѵáҲǺ֣ٹۣתۼƽ
ط𻯵һΧܣѹѹһȺ˵Ŀⶼϣ˷ܣûһ뿪һЩִ³϶⡣
ѩҹͰСŶԷżϣŵܾͬӡ
ΪϴЦż֮ɫʼʱҪһЩʱɨӰˣЩѰɣ
ǳҪѣЦ漴ܣΪʵ̫ϳϣأȥˣҲҪѣ𻯵ţΪƵĹϵʱûмƳȻҪһʡ
һ˴ˡ
Ϊ
ʲô
ʱü
ģ˺ƵʦƺҪȥʲôطСΪ֣ң˺ܲһ㣬ҵΪȫ侳磬ɲ⣡
ʱֶݣʦңȻΪǳЩȡ֪ΪΪ;ڴˣΪ˵ǳôԷΪһߵЩ£ϡ
ʩչһںصͨ

һȥʱչֹһֽͨݻһʵɱңÿһɱɫǲͬʱ;ЩŹ֣ڽͨܲһ㣬Ϊ£ʱȻȻ˺ܶࡣ
ĽͨǸΪ˴ڸơ
ͷ
Ц
ܣ𻯵һ˾ۼ飬ʹÿЩôͨˡ
ɨЩˣоЩϵľܲҲʱо𻯵ڵ뿪ʱҪǿʢ౶Ũľˡ
в죬ŵӶ£ûصףܿڵص翴ʮǴ׳ˣϣš
ȵ˶ʮ

漴Ƕݣѩҹͷĺԡ
ú𻯵ʱúԴžͨ龧𻯵ţͬʱҲϾƹץ׻ʳĶʮ͸˺ԣú֮ڿ¶ĶʮӦ͸ԵĶʮ
Ƕʮûʹã
ʵ
ҲҪǣԿԼͻƵڣҲѾˡ
ԻӦ
ʱ¶ЩЦһΪ֪𻯵ŵĹϵ𻯵űǿԽͻƴĶʮΪĳЩطֲ𻯵ŵصףʹ𻯵űԽƬĻʳʵţǿ𻯵ŵĵ̸ңֲʮ𻯵ŵصʱӦòûиΪͻƴʹá
źԣһʱ֮仹ǲ֪˵ʲô
漴ְʶɨӣ𻯵ŵִºͨ󲿷˵Ϊ˺ܶ࣬ʮУʮ˴ﵽ˴Ρ
ʵȼڶҪǿˣֻʢ޵Ļʳ

ң뵽𻯵ʮӳ֣Ƭ֮ǿټ׻ʳĴйžĴйžȶúԴ˻ͨϣ𻯵ҲǿʳԺʱգضԵƬĶˣΪԶǼʳҪǿʥš
뵽΢Ц𻯵ŵ𻯵ſԱøǿԣȻһ˵¡
Ϊｻ̸˻ᣬգΪڣһڵӺִµɢȥһ𻯵ŵһڶڣɲ趼ǰڷ˳Ʈŵķ㣬Ƣ
شҴңڻˣ
𻯵ŵʮҲ˿죬һǸпǧ
ǿǷ㡣
һмͬʱҲΡ
֮ͽ׵лסţΪŲв뿪һжԼϣúԴһͨž龧ȣʹ𻯵ŵʵñǿܲǲ̾Ϣ
ϲˡҡͷЦӦΪžġ
ô˵ǡ
ʮ϶ҡͷ
ΪҲֱ̾úƽ
̾ˣڣ찲ȫõ£Ϊ˵죺뿪˰ɣ
뿪ɨ۰ˣ֮ûȥһط
Ҫߣ
Ϊݡ
ѩҹ£Ҫ뿪ҪģǸϻ۵Ůӣ׽컰еġȥ֣СĿ۰ˣɫ΢ȻЩ
Ϊע⵽ı飬Ҳǲ컰еġȥ֣ѩҹĿڰϣʱȴ˵ʲô̸
ʮһߺ裬ΪʮһѯЩľ
Եѳ㱻׷ɱ̫ϳֱϧȴѰ㡣֮ѩҹÿվͳȥѰ㣬һ۾عȥӸпƽ¡
ѩҹ漴ǵҽȥ˵Ȼȥ˵򡣡
ѾȥˣƺҪ벽Ϊܿȥ
Ӻʮһ϶Ǿȣ󣬵֪ѾڴС̨ʱЩ˸ǾĪ뿪𻯵ʱվ磬ȴȻѾǴﵽ˴죬ŹȥãǺεٶȣ
ţʵң
ק˫ȭ̲ס˷ܵĴЦ
Ŷ꣬ȴѾǴĴڣǾԵˣ𻯵һһӣһβ£
ǫѷһЦûһ϶˵ʲô
һ죬Ϊ࣬һֱĵʱ֡漴ʢϯѾãΪĹӷ磬ҲΪӭ˵ĵ
ϯʱѾҹʱ֡
Ϊʱվ˳ˣЦŵͷʾ⣬ѩҹѩҹΪ⼸λʰЪϢķ䡣˵ţ죬죬ǵġ


904 
ΪҪģЩ棬ȴҲûж룬ѩҹͰ˵ͷ漴Ϊ뿪һСúڡ
ƻֺ꣬ʯɣϿӡв磬𻯵ŵΨ̫ϳϲʸСһ𻯵ŵΪ𻯵ŵ̫ϳϣȻ̤˵ء
̫ϳܿˣʲôʲôǳҪ£
ʵ
ΪЩ档
ʵҲʲôҪ£ȻҲǺҪ¡֮˵Լ˼Ϊ˵һλհ׵ĹӦһλն԰ɣܿĳҽ̸̸ѩҹ¡
ΪҴ֪ѩҹĴ󲿷£㱻ѩҹȹѩҹн磬𻯵ŵ֣Ҹѩҹ˶ܿ㱻׷ɱʧȥټÿͳȥѰ㣬ÿλʱ㲣ǰ죬մѰ
ѩҹǸŮ뿪ʱҴչΪӣһֱںŬ֪ϲֻԼǿ󣬲㵣ģԺ԰㣬ֻ֮ͨԼһЩ
ǴչΪӣʵ˵һħΪӣҲҵң񣬲ܵΪԭΪӣҶʦԣϣԼĵӿԹĺãҸҸϡ
Ҫ˵ɿ飬ֻ˵һ򵥵ʵ飬׾ܿŮһ飬۽ζǲ顣ԣ㵱ǧǻ룬ҲֻΪȹ㣬ӦҲкøСΪŵҲ֪ǷҲָ飬ǣٸȷ˵δƵ˻Уҹƣ㲻ܻԸɣ
ΪĻЩ˸ѩҹǸܺõŮȻҲҪԺƵߣԲܻԸ⡣
Ϊ˵֪ѾаŮգжԹգ㲻ҪһʲôҪ֪ǷĵۻҲкǧһѵȲһĵۻʣ
ĬĬһߣһƵ΢˸ζΪĻͬʱҲԼ˼֡
Ϊ棬ʱûٿڣֻĬĬط졣
תۣһҹȥ
峿ʱ֣´أ˿˿ڣϡ
վϣΪ֪ˡ
ϴŵЦܺ㡣
á
ΪЦŵͷ
߳ʱΪ𻯵ŵСط

ʱһΣչȥ
һ죬׼뿪𻯵ˣΪ𻯵ʮԼ֪Ҫ뿪ĳǰ͡
һҪڣпʱ䣬һ
Ϊ
һ
ͷ
ʱѩҹȻҲڣվΪԱߣǲᣬ΢еȻ
ƫͷѩҹϴЦѩҹһߣǰΪĻʵѾ˴𰸣Ҫѩҹһ뿪Ȼ£ռѾѰһͰｻˡ
ͻȻ⻰ѩҹӶ£°С˵ҡҾš˵ţ΢΢ʹԴ½ĺܽ
ԱߣΪЩεЦЦѩҹȥɡʱǳѩҹһ뿪ֻΪĹϵЩҡ
Һһȥ
ʱ˵Сѩҹļϡ
ǿѩҹİʦЩ̹ѩҹʱҲǿѩҹҸȥʵϣҲ⣬뵽ѩҹܻẦ£ҵһΪѩҹͰ˶죬ڣȴпܻ᲻ú˸һѩҹĲٻήһЩ
Ǹһɡ
ʱСڡ
ѩҹʵǳǿڸȴǳа￪ڣȴЩձǿи˹ȥ
վһߣû˵ʲôڰ׼ڣ׼һƲлԻҪ죬ʱ˵ԼѾգһ˿̣֪ѩҹǲ쵱ʱᵽĺգȴû̫⣬ϾнжպͰĸҲֹһӡ
ǣúãһ㣬Ҳȷʵĺܵλĺ
ȻؼҪǣ֪Լúϲ죬ܻ֡
콫ѩҹֱƸãԼм䣬Ůദ
̫ϳϣλôˣԺпУһʱ
ΪʮԼ𻯵ŵĳϣЦ˵
Ϊͷȥɡ
ģЩϼһš
ӵ
ҲڣԳƵűøǿ
λ
Ц
˵ţ֣һڱӡԻϽ֯磬ɢǿ⣬ǵڵĶԨΪһƷ
ѾĨʶӡʱŵڱ
ӡݸΪ
ʱ䣬ΪһʮϺһڳҲ𺳡
һֵ죡
أ
ΪʵһﶼЩˡ
һ⡣
Ц
ã
Ϊǽӹӡоâ֯
ͬһʱ䣬ʮϺһЩϸǼ˷ܣ̲ס嶼ڷֱֱĶΪеıӡһıΪڱ𻯵ŵʵֱӱǷҪ֪ȳ̶ȵڱǼʳĶҲûУ֮һڣƬĻʳҲоԵĵʱ
̫ˣ
Ӽ
ѩҹڰԱߣóһҲЩȡȻʱ䲻ãȴ֪ļֵĴжû
콫ӡݸΪļ⻪һһ񽣣Լ糤ͨ徧ӨϿӡ硣񽣽ѩҹУЦʱ塣ڵǸʥĹãҲһƷ
ѩҹһЩ˼ӣǸҡ
ЦЦּɫâ˸ֱӽ񽣴뵽ѩҹʶСôȥѩҹ̿Уټħ壬ѾǴﵽͨɾΣ񽣴ѩҹʶУԺѩҹ׼佫֮ٳȻҲٻء
֮ԼʶӡԸõƿء
˵
ѩҹ½ǣСŶŶ
һЦΪٴθ漴תкѩҹͰˣ𻯵ȥ


905 ɱ̫
Ϊˣܵ͵𻯵ִº͵ӣѩҹһ˺ܿ𻯵š
ߡ

һ𻯵ڿն𣬲նУһȶλȥ
ٶƽԼȥʱһϣǰһ޴ʯ̨һɫʯ̨ϣȻԵͨڶʱŻ
֮ԺķѾղʵҲѩҹͰڽڶǰദһʱ䣬ӣĻǵΪԶԶôá
߰ɡ
Ѿദ˳ŮͷһЦǰȥ
һ˸ԱߣܿǶʯ̨ȺʱŻڣ˲Ϣʧ
ɲǼ䣬ڰסУһѹֵϢ֯ܡ
֮󣬲֪ȥãһ˱ڰһƬʢݵĴʯּ䣬Եú¡
ڻˣ
̲סдԵĸˣֳļңڵڶ
ѩҹԱߣԵú񾲡
ڶ򣬱֮漸ȷʵҪࡣ

бһۣûд
ܳȣȻúػصڶ򣬵ɫȴԵúƽ
ΨЩ䣬Եɱ⡣ûж˵ʲôĬĬ粽Ƭıȥ
ˣһĨ΢⣬ͰҲˡ
ڶıƬ̫ʥغͨʥأʥسڵļѶʵʱΧɱһҳȴ屦ʹйžе̡Ҫȥѩˡ
ߣǣ

屻ٵ£֮ǰѾ֪
ʱΨѩҹͷĺԱȽãȻ£Ƕ֪
ѩҹѩҹߣСΪѩҹ򵥵Ľ¡
ѩҹЩԾ΢΢С졣
ϡ
˵
һ˲ƽһȥ
ѩҹСղŰĹºϵĺ˵¡
һĨĹ⣬ǰһۣ漴±ƽ
һ˸󣬲նУʱ󣬳һƬɽǰ
ȥɽֲԣλһƬ̻Ի͵ĵʣֻԶԶȥܹоһ̽֯š
̫ʥء
ѩҹߣ˾䡣
ѩҹͷվڰԱߡ
춢ǰâ̫֯ʥҲԹ
̫ʥض֣Ϊ̫ʥصĳ̫ʥصԹ㲻ʲô
һǰ̫ܿʥͥǰ뿿̫ʥľһɵ֮ƣͥҲǺܷǷԶһſȡ
Ⱥˣ⿿̫ʥ
̫ʥͥǰŵĵӱƺˣĿɫԵúư
ͬһʱ䣬̫ʥͥǰŵĵҲ۵
ͻȻ䣬ЩŵӽǱɫ
㣬棡㾹ҵ
׼ʥӣ׼ҹУ֡죿㣡ɱ̫ʥͬţգ㾹ȻҲҴ
죬ȻҴ̫ʥص֮
Щϳһе棬Ͱ׼áڰ׼ˣǺܾȣĿȴϣжɱŨǶɱǿңΪһѪ棬̫ʥʼջ᲻ʴˣһֱǸ߾̫ʥغĵһλ
죡ǣá
ﬣ
̶ڳһڱĴбƬâ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
̫ʥǰŵĵӵһʱըһƬƬѪƮڿС
Ǵڴ۷壬ԼҴնɱ⣬ͬȼĴǿ߶˲ɱָοЩֻʶε̫ʥͨӡ
棬ͷĵǲİ׼ʱ潫ڱӼĹȡʹùʱ滽ڱԭ򣬲ΪսҪԼҴѩ
ﬣ
ͷ𶯣һâֱ̫ʥصͥնķ顣
һʱ䣬طպ¡¡пռ̫ʥˣռǿطնŭʲôӸҡ
ﬣ
â˵Ļֱӽ֮ϡ
ʱ̫ʥƻٵͥƽ̫ʥء
н֯΢⣬粽ϡҪļ֮һǱȼսѣˣҪ֤汨ѩޡ
ԱߣʱԵ֣ͦءƽǰѩҹվһҲ뵽̫ʥУǰλȥ
ʱ̫ʥڣ̫ͽ˳ŵ⽻֯
棿㾹Ҵ
Ѱ·
ʡȥѰʱ䣡
̫ʥ˵һʱ䶢ס棬ЦжǴɭȻɱ⡣
ﬣ
쳹⽦ʮ
̫ʥأ沽ͷı𶯣նһâ
ʱ䣬һ飬̮ܵһȫնĵâ·顣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ̻ͬһ㣬һŵĸ֣ոջһ۴ɱȺ̫ŵת۱Ǳնķ飬ʧؼ䡣
âԡ
ܣһͤ¥̮һ̫ը飬ҽжûᴫ
棬ڴ죬̫ʥصЩͽԣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
泯ǰ粽֮Ѫˮ졣
ʱ̫ͽһĻ̲סĲͿ־
ӹ
ͬһڲը̫ʥһʥ˳˫絶ͨɰ죬Ǹ̫ʥصļ̫ϳϣͨɾ죬ΪŨ
ãܺãȻҴ
̫ʥ߳ļ̫ϳУ˺
ͬʱ̫ϳ϶סͰ׼á
СҲˣǳã
׼ʥӣ׼ҹô̫Щͷˣ̫ϳ϶סͰգҵȻɱǣǰ׼Ҳûκλ˵
ŰͰеɱ˿ҲΡΪ壬԰׼ҲҪɱãԿʹ׼ԪˣӰ׼ҵδӲԣ̫ʥȻǺ£Ͼ̫ʥغͰ׼ͬΪƬĶǶ֡ţ㽫׼նɱ׼Ҳ޷˵ʲôΪ׼Ǵ̫ʥص֮
춢⼸ˣϹűЦ
ƽɫ䣬һ仰ҲûС
Ҳû˵ֻǿǰ
ѩҹվڰԱߣǸʱ򿪿ڡ
գһ̫ʥ䣬ɨһˣսĿϣɱ
ﬣ
̶ͷ𶯣һĨ⣬ֱӴ̫ʥĻ
۵һ̫ʥֱըһŴĿѪ


906 ȥ
ĿѪƮڿУ̫ʥ̫ͽɫǿ̫ʥȻһͱն
ʥȻ
ôܣ
Բģ
̫ͽȫȻ
ȻǼͨɾĸʥص̫ϳҲǸһ촽ڶ¡
㡭
⼸̫ϳ϶棬Ҳ֮ǰ亮˵һĻ
վԶдɫûʲô
ˣ֪ʵնɱһͨʿȰβݻ򵥡
ﬣ
ǰ̶ٴһ⼤ʮ
۵һ̫ʥصһ̫ϳϱһնУֱӻһѪ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ͽǴĿһЩûбĵâУЩƣ̼ը
ܣ
㡭
ôôǿ
̫ʥصļ̫ϳϲնĵâǿ׻һС
ɱ󣡡
̫ϳϴС
̫ϳһӡֱ̫ʥһƣ鲼ʮռ䡣
һ̫ʥرɱ֣ÿһɱⶼǷǳ
̧ͷɨһۣЩɱҲǿڵָûжɫĮƽֻǰǰ
̫һ˵ս
䣡
̫ʥڣɱÿһƬɱⶼ׵˺ͨʿ
̫Ļɱ󣡡
ɱڣͨ۷ǿҲ˲Ϣն
ڰ벽Ҳ޾壡
һ̫ͽĿĶ档
̫ʥصļ̫ϳɱ⣬Ϊǿˣ浽̫ʥ̫ԣʵΪǣ̫С
ﬣ
汾ûжͷıһĿâֱӻ񷡣
͵һ죬Ƭռ䣬ȫʧĥһɶ
ʱ䣬һ̫ͽ̫ʥص̫ϳϣһȫɫֻһȻն̫ʥصĻڴ
ܣ
˴С
һ̫ͽͼ̫ʥص̫ϳȫ̲סһ
ﬣ
ٴϯ˷
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ܣĵâɾնһ̫ͽǿ̫ʥصĳϺ̫ϳϣڴ˿ȵâ£ҲǴ߹
תۼ䣬̫ʥͽ˴Ƭǿ̫ϳϣֻʣһˡ
䣡
ʱ̫ʥǿܳһֱӴ͸֮ϡ
һ̣һ䣬ŴĲԵ㡣
̧ͷȥûʲôһء
֪˵̫ʥһڼ̫ʥǿˡ
̫ʥڣһͽ̫ϳƫͷȥ֣߳¶ϲɫ
ڣ
ڣɱ
ڿ֣
һ̫ͽе
̫ʥ̫ϳҲ񣺡ڳ֣ն
ﬣ
ͷıһ⣬˲Ϣ̫ߵǰ
㡭
ۣ
̫ʥһ̫ϳըֱ
ϣ̫ʥصɫһ¾ͺâӿɨѾѪ̫ܵʥأɱֱӱ˸죬̵Ķ棺ҵգϷҪĳң򡭡
ﬣ
죬ͷҫ۵⣬ֱӴ̫ʥڵĻ
һ̣â磬˲̫ʥڵǰֱӽ֮ķѣͬҲһ顣
һ˲䣬̫ʥصͽסˡ
ڣȻ
ᣬô£
ΣһΣ
һ̫ͽǴˣȫֳŨŨĿ־塣
Զ̫ʥأˡ
µ˲䣬ǰһԼ˶ֽ̧ͷļҴյУնһƬ籩⣬̫ÿһ䡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪըһƬĿ
֮󣬲ûйȥã̫ʥž̫ͽȫ
վԶֻǿһУû˵
Աߣˡ
ǰҴ񵶣е̫ʥصúȡһЩ
ҼǰߵĶ
˵
쿴һۣȡĶǳ٣Һܼ򵥣ֻǼͨһЩͨͨȡ֪̫ʥǰߵҵıһкܶ࣬һЩ䱦ҩȹƶõˣֻʣЩЩûаãеģֻǷǷʶ
ļû˵ʲôһоڲС
ûٿڣԼҵЩ𣬻ٵ̫ʥ漴뿪
һĬĬĸţú󣬳һƬɽȺУһƬ̫ͬʥǰ㣬ǽ̻Իͣɺܲ
ѩҹٴοڣ˵ͨʥء
ѩҹСġŶǰ
վһߣ鵭Įû˵ʲô
ȣȻҲԵúܰ
ǰĬĬԣɽ֮еƬȥ
ܿ죬һͨʥǰ
ʲôˣ
棿
֡죿Ȼҳ
׼ʥӣ׼ҹҲ
ǣ
ͨʥǰһŵĵ亮
һ̶̣նƳա
۵ŵͨʥصӣȫ
նͨʥصͥС
ɫĮƽûʲôĬĬͨʥڡ
棬㣡㾹Ȼҡ
㡭

ҽͨʥػصž֣ȻͲšһͨϣʥ̫ϳϣȺȴϣһնɱ
ûйȥãͨʥ̫ͬʥǰ㸲ȡлŵĶȫٵ߳ͨʥء
úһ뿪ͨʥغԶ
ллһ𡣡
ѵõ㿪ڣ˵
˵⻰ͼˡ

û˵ʲôĬĬͷ
û˵ʲôлĻʱ𣬺ܿʧʡ
֪ñʱӦҪȥ档
Ҳȥɣ
˵
˵⻰ƬĶЩϲ漴ѩҹһСֹʲôʱʱ̧ͷһ졣
쿴ںѩҹ˵£漴һЩҲļ䡣
ȻȥѩҹͰһеҪȥ顣
ѩҹͰ˵
üȥĶʲô
ȥģ
ѩҹҲʵ
֪Ҫʲôȴʣֻǵɨһۡ
ûʲô֮ȻȥԺȥ׼ҡ

ﻹʵʲôȴûʡ

˾䣬ѩҹ׼ҵ֮ȥ
ѩҹͷ죬ܿͱ߳Զ
ɨһۣû˵ʲôڰ󣬳׼ȥ
ΨԱߣûкͰһߡ
СӣҪȥɶ
ʵ
£첢û⣬Ƭĳλãȥ塣


907 ɱ
Ļۣ˵㲻͵СһҲʲôɣ
ûС

鵭Įһȥ
ڵʱŻһս֪˵׼ʱıɹȻʶĨȥܣڵ»ٽ׼һȻ󣬻ýֻֻҿɸ¡
£ѾΪȥʽʵ֣ȴ̡
ڣҪȥңȻ󣬻
ʲô
ģʵ
Ҳû˵һ¡
ʱ˫۵ɵĸ󣺡үģôҪȻƣ
û˵ʲôգ֮ȥ
תۣʱȥ
ǰһƬɽȺͦΣмһƬĵձ˸ŵżмֻɺ׷ڶһӵϢ


ͷûж˵ʲôУǰȥ
ܿ죬ߵɽȺУҴǰ
ȥҵͥׯϣʯɣ߽ɣһɵ̣вɣϢȻѾٴгʷ
ʱǰҸĸʿмһˣΪҵӵܡЩӵܶϵѪʵֱϵҲࡣ
еط䣬һǰȥ
ͥ⣬Ÿŵӵܼ˿ԼһķΧʱɫһ䡣Щ˺ܿɫһ䣬ò졣
֡죿㣡
ʧʱ䣬㡭ȻֳˣҴҵ֮
󵨣
Щӵ־ŭɱ⣬һߺȳ죬һ߳ˡ
쵱ڵڶУѾǹȥ꣬쵱ȴԱǣ˿̼֣ȻԼأЩӵη塣
Ͻеô׺ݣˣ
̡
㡭
󣡡
죬նҪ
⼸ŵҧȳ⣬гì׼죬ȥ
ͨϺͼ
һ˵
ͬʱҲ󣬲ҵ졣
ﬣ
ʮâն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ļӵȫըûü촳ˡͬһʱ䣬ҵͥȻ̮Ľ·飬̳
һʱ䣬֮ڣһͥϽӵܶסˣɫ
ô£
˭ţ
ʲô˭ͨСŪģ
ӵܴûе˵Ҵҵ֮
ʱ̳Уһ֮ڣƮȻԱߡ
ʱһӵɫ
죿
㡭
ͥ

죡죡
һӵŭ𣬸ɱ
ңУмվϱǿֱӳ֣ҵǿͨѹһ˵ɱ⣬ʮռ䣬ͬһƬĴѹ졣
ʧʱ䣬ñǰˣôҷУ
۷ǿߵ
¡¡ģʮǿ֣߳˷Ŀռȫס
ԱߣЦֻ϶ĶҲôţ
˵ţ𶯣˿˿â˸
𶯣
˵
ƲƲ죬ȴ˲Ϣ佫
ʵҲ֪ս
ʱһ˴ͨѾѹǰǿĲŤա
ûκζ罣һɽˣ⵴
͵ģһɨͨȫͬһʱ䣬ɽ֮ռ̮˱ײһ˲仯һƬѪ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ת۶ѣΪģԲڵһȫٵˣ
ʱΧһƬɳĮأֻǿһ۾ļ¡
⡭
ôܣ
ôôǿ
⣬һӵܸļ£ȻһЩ۷弶Ҳ⡣
һҲûУֻڳһɽƶѣȻµĺǺεȳ̶ȵ
ⲻܣ
һ벽ͨɾϱǿߺȻ̲סһ
粽ͥǰһȥ
ûʲô飬ЩӵܣͬǿһĮ顣
וּһһɽ˻ǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
֮һ֮ȫ٣һӵȺ顣
Ƭһٴγǰŵһǰ
ʱ䣬ǰҴͬԵĵֱӱ飬ʯɽͬһʱ䣬ƬӵܣȻûһܻȫ
㡭
ⲻģôȳ̶ȵⲻܰ
̫ϳǰ
ӵܾС
鵭Įͬħһƻٴӿǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ҵرѣһӵը
ܿ죬ұռǿ߳ͨɱһķ졣
ȻЩͨɱ̫ˣ½ǶǱɢһɶ
ֿһҵ𶯣ǴƬǿըʧؼ䡣
䣡
ʱǿϢҼ̫ϳһ֣ȫɱط
ˣѪʢܲͨɾڳ
죡Ȼҳ֣
Ҽ˫
ڰ׼ڣɱһɱҾŸǰ׼ҵͨɼϣʧءҪǣΪĹϵҺͰ׼ҵƻƻıöµĴ£޵㡣
ͨʱŻûҪգ
һ̫ϳҲڡ
̧ͷҼ̫ϳϣ˲㡣
̫̫ãĥ̫ʶܣ׼ңһʮ򡣡ˣɭǼı
ĻҼ̫ϳ϶ʱһ붯ݡ
㡭ô֪
Ҽ̲סг
ͬһʱ䣬Աߵ̫ϳҲǴʧɫȻѳΪȥȴһֱһ߻ܣֻĺĸ߲֪ô֪£
춢ˣһɰڱȻɢ
飡
飡
飡
Ҽ̫ϳȫɣĴڿѪԶ
ͬһʱ䣬һЩĽϽӵܸһըѪķ
ô
Ҽ˴ڿѪʱȫǵΪͨƻʣȴȻƶסԷƾѪɡ
飺ʱɱǣĿҽ߽⣬ǵ棬֮ʯ
˵ţǰһâϯʮ


908 ־
佣âϯʮͬһƬɨ֮һ֮ȫ١
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһըһӵܱâ飬Ѫˮһضǡ
ŵΪģ˷ɿɢ
һʱ䣬֮ڣһ̮ͥһʯѣһ컨飬һӵըļ¡

ס֣
һϣɱ
ҼҼ̫ϳ־ŭ
ͬʱ֣ҵɱʮĥɵֵһڼĴͨܵÿһռ䶼ˣѹȥ

Ҽȵɭ
¡¡ģ˵ͨɱһƾˣ鿪һѷ졣
ǿ
û⣬ɱ
ʱ꣬Ȼñǰˣǣļͼλ̫ϳһ֣Ҳֻзķݣ
ܣӵʱ죬ͬڶһʬ㡣
ʱҼɨͨɱˣѾѹǰ
ɫĮһҲ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ֻǽһ˿ѣѹǰߴǿߵͨɱ⣬ͬ˼һֱӱһɶ
һʱ䣬ҼҼ̫ϳɫʩչȫļͨȻȫûã춯ǽͨȫˡ
⡭
ôܣ
̫ϳϿɶͨƻʰڣͨȻȻᱻô׾ͣ͡
ӵܶȻ
ﬣ
𣬴̶ǳ
⽻֯ŵĽɫ⣬һƬɫĽϯɨ˷
ʱ䣬һӵ˴ѣɨûһܵ£Ȼվ۷ʿҲϣҽûлеĳ
ﬣ
һ쳯ǰ粽ƬӵܱɨУһʱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣͤ¥ķѣ漴̮̳
ģɱ󣡼Ļɱ󣡡
һ̫ϳϺ
һ̣Ҽͼ̫ϳһ֣â֯رӡ
һʱ䣬ź¡һ죬ڵϸֳƴӣķռ䣬ȡʮܿݻһ˵ɱ⣬ݺ񷡣
Ļ󣡡
ͨ۷ǿˣҲͬնһն
ͼλ̫ϳһ߶һһûˣ׾ٵĽ
һڵָϣ
ҼͺԼһĻ߶ĸӷڡ

һִдɭ
ңҵļ̫ϳҲȫ߶ô󷢳ɱ¡
ʱ䣬֮ڣɱ֯ÿһ䡣
漴һҼҼ̫ϳϵ֮£еɱȫȥͬһɱ۳ɵĺ󣬳ԵЩɲ
ֻǣһ̣Щ˵ɱڿʱȴȫֹն¡
ǣ
ô£
ôնȥ
Ҽͼ̫ϳɫδ߶ɱⶼ޷ѹȥ
Ƕ죬ʱж˾֣ǿĻ˺߶ȴȻ첻˿в
㡭㡭
Щˡ
ĿĮɨһۣһڵ
һʱ䣬͵𣬿Щɱȫ飬ǹɢ
ָ֣ᵯһĨɳֱͷ

һ촫ҵĻ󵱳Ƿ顣
ô᣿
ߴǿͬʱдǼĻѾޱƾõ£һɽʮռ䣬ɱͨ۷ǿߣһͨĴǿߴҲնȴȻ쵯ָ͸ٵˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ӵܸǾĪһȫһ̴סˡ
ﬣ
Хٴ
漴ȽХһѪٴըʮӵܵǲ
ħһ죬Ѫ
ƬʱҾϵһ֮µͨӵܣһɱ죬ǰ󼸴ζ׷ɱ漴ȥʱ̫ʥغͨʥͨʱŻѡҪǣһ԰ֶƣŭ
ˣôܶһ飿
һɱɱɱ
ۣۣۣ
Ѫ⽦䣬һӵܵ¡
ҼҼ̫ϳϾŭ𣬳죬ֻһ̱ǱɣԴڿѪһ߹Ƕѡ⣬조顱ˣҪ⼸ۿ߽⣬ʹ࣬ǺڣȻɱǡ
ڣûκһˣ֮һƬƬѪը
䣡
ͻȻһǿܣһߵϲ񷣬
ڣ
ڳˣ
ڣѾɹͻˣ
ҼҼ̫ϳϽϲ
ͬһʱ䣬ҵһͨӵܸޱȼһ̶һǿǺԼһڷǳǿԸӵڶĴ
Ͻ֯żŨĵԣȻǸոͻһС磬˿̴ڴεĵС̨ϡһִϣɨһ۱˲ٵңʱǱø졣
ҴԽѾС

һֱӴڵĻͬʱͬһϣ֮һԲϵ䣬ˤڵϺ۵һѪ
ڣ
⣿
ʲô
һ˽Աɫ
ԲϹ䣬һ̣Ҳ֮ǰϣҲȡ֮һ־㤡ոճأԴڶϴ죬ʵȴǱһȾ͸ĵգڿѪǺ̶ֳȵ
죬־ֺ㡭
ﬣ
̧֣һ콣âնٶȿ쵽¡
۵һը궼ûܹӳһն
ʱ󺧣Ҽͼ̫ϳϣǾ
ϣڡ
ֻһһͽ
ⲻģģһΣһǣһ
һӵܲһڣΪ񣬾Ȼһ͸նɱˣ
Ҽͼ̫ϳ϶죬ʱһҲ˵ˣΨ־塣
ﬣ
ٴϯķ
ıûа仯Ľɫ⽻֯⣬âϯȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըͬʱڵͤ¥̮ĸ࣬һɲݵҲŷ顣
һӵܲһȫ޵ģԴ˿̵죬ֻʣ˿־;ǿ죬һڶһնˣһ˭ܹˣ
ҲҪҲҪ
ӵִܻ̿Уĳż֮ȥ
˵һȻеڶģлŵӵܣȫ֮壬ӶݵĹмǱȻܣɫѾǱŵһƬҰס


909 Ҹ
վڣһӵӶݣûκζ
Ȼһ̣ҽȥǰһһͷײһƬϣֱǳ磬̼䱻飬ֱȼ
һʱ䣬ӵȫͣǰƣɫ
⣬ǣ
ƣ
ҡǱסˣ
ӵܿ־塣
֮ͼ̫ϳ϶Ѿ鲼ƵգҲһ
㣬㡭
ǲŶ죬־ֿŭȻ˲²⣬֪Ϊ
ĮǣһٴγƬ⣬һɫâ˷ȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һʱ䣬ѪٴըͬһѪļ£ĺ
ĿᣬֻվԭأڳĽâ϶ն˷
һӵΪ֮ѾƷ޷ӳֻڲ㣬һ־СʵȻ̣зƣɱƣ׼ƣպ͹ɱ֮Ϊһ塣
Ҳ˭Ⱦǣ
ӵֵܾĴ󺰡
ᣬָ飬âϯһӵնɱ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪϱӵֻܲӴܣһʼͬ˿Ѿڣ˫Ŀ־;⣬Ҳ
콫һо۵ףȴ飬һƬƬâն
ԴˣӲκһ˿֮ʡ
ס֣
һ̫ϳϴ˫Ŀͨ졣ЩɶӵܣҸ
ƫͷȥ𶯣һ̫ϳɣ漴һ£նķѣ
⼸̫ϳ϶죬ޱȣҲǴŨŨĳޡ
㲻Ҫ⣬ţҶΪ̫壬ѣҶһǱҪóɱйصˣ
ҼҲң졣
ƫͷҼ̫壿Żͣ˵ţ𶯣âֱӽҼɳȥײԶѪΪǶ԰׼ҵĶƣǴ֪ģȴ⣬˭֪£
ĻҼһҵ̫ϳҲɫһ䡣
ȴЩ⣬ֻŻͻ֪¡
㡭ͶģܣôܻὫ߸㣡
Ҽȵ
ɨӿһٴν֮ԶңҾû취֪дҼͼ̫ϳϣǵΪǱ±𣿻±ӣλȥ
⻰һڣȫɫ
仰˼ҲˣŻѾңǱɱ
ʱ򣬾Ҿ־һͨӵҲ̲ס죬󺧡
ʥӣʥӱ
ôܣ
ʥʵ˫ôܻᱻɱ
Щ𾪡ҵʥӿ̫壬ʮҲǰеʣս˫Ѫǿɻٱ죬ôѾսˣ
Ҽͼ̫ϳϸĶ죺˵ûЦ
̲סۣ֮ǰҶ԰׼ҵĶıȴûᵽ̫Ż͵ս֮£˿ԼȻѾǸ̫Ż͸ɱˣʵЩȣСӣǸ̫壿ʲôʱ£ڵ֣ʱҲ֪У֮ƺûм̫ս
ߣЦҼ죬Ѫдỵ̫̂ЦˣҶӢ˳ƾҲ˵Լɱˡ
ڳһܣһֻ֣һƽҼĺɡ
Ӣ˳˫Էģ

Ŀ飬һ˿ᣬɨһʶ̻ͼϽ֯һ棬Żĳ
һʱ䣬ڳеĿȫʶ̻ͼϣҵʿ̲ס
˸̫壿
졣һʼûлĻ֪첻˵󻰵ˣǴ˿ۿʶ̻ͼ̲סԾ̫壬ȻʮУҲǷǳǿʣ쾹Ȼնһ̫壡
ֻתۼѣǾƽһ룬ɸʱĻ嶼ɵˣɱһ̫壬ƺҲûʲôˡ
Ҽ˲Ҽ˫Ŀͨ죬Ŀѣ˻𣺡ٵģҶڵͬ޵Уôɱ졭
飡
ʶ̻ͼڳһƬɫˣһҼɨɡ
ģܣҶ
Ҽ˫ĿĺѪһͷɢĴ
ͬһʱ䣬ҵļ̫ϳҲǲͣ
ĮҼҼ̫ϳϣĿᣬ顣չɱŻ͵ʶ̻Ŀֻһһ˿Ϊ̫βܣڣЧȻ
ָᵯһâһɳֱӽҼͷ­ķ顣

һӵִܾС
ôҡǡ
ҲţҲţ
ΣΣ
һӵܿ־岻ѡ
ŵ׸Ƴʱǿбҵص׵ܼĽƣٽЩҲһ飬Щ֮ݻƬɱ⡣
ɱ𣬽֡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪըһѪɫ̻˰㣬¶ˡ
ֻ֮תۼѣڳȴҼ̫ϳ⣬ӵȫѪˮضǣһɲݺһʯȫȾ˺ɫ
Ҽŵ̫ϳϲͣĲܵһĻĻưܲأͬ˵Ұް㣬׽Աޱ
죡

ҴѾأ㾹Ȼôңħǧˣ
Ҽ̫ϳ˻𣬷ĳɱȥ
첻ɽܵ뽫ĺɡ
⼸˴ѪͷѾɢ˿۾ȴǸѪ죬ձøСϷ㣬㲻ú
ߣɫп飺ҪǹãؼͲսˡ
⼸ˣڿն뵽ҵرʮɸߵĲϡ
˵һֻͼʥϢһʱɢʮ󣬷֮ӿֻ֣ͼϳȥתۼֻͼںһ𣬻ǿֻͼ
ɫĮһֻͼѹ£Ҽ̫ϳȫ֡
䣡
һʱ䣬Ҽ̫ϳֱӱѪ󣬴ֻͼըԵɢ̱йλһֱʮɵľ޿ӡ


910 ٴ
ֱʮɵľ޿Щˣܱ˿˿ɳȥЩĿġʱʲôûܹһЩ궼˻ҽ
ΪһŭεһϹңܺãܿԡ

бһۣûд
ɨѾױٵأûֱͣתճƬĶλȥ׼ҵ֮Ƭ
ٶȲ첻ɫѾҪʱ׼⡣
׼һƬȺɽУͥׯϺΰ߽а׼֪أֳսìѪܻ񣬼ֺһ漴æӭȥ
ү壡ڣǣʥӺ͹˶ڵأ
һ׼ӵܵʶڡ
ѩҹѾһ˰׼ңԸ˰ͥļӣ֪Ժڡ´׼֮׼ҵĹϵǱǢ׼һɳ컯˾壬ϾΪһʥӺ͹忰ߡҲ֮󣬰׼ҸĬͰĹϵѾ쵱ԼһĹү
ڴ죬Ըڶ򣬵ȴ˿԰ЦŶ׼ӵܵͷˡ
Ӧġ
׼˵漴æΪ·׼ȥ
׼ң׼ͤ¥ţһϲķΧԴˣɻ󣬰׼ʥӺ͹غ׼ôܲˣ
׼ڵİ׼ӵʱڣֱӴڣǣʥӣС㣬ֹүˣ
£ʱ䣬׼ҸһЩһȺΧ˳ǰĺȻǰ׼棬ԸŰ׼Ҽڳϣѩҹ
ˣӭӭ
׼һۣһǰϴЦӭȥ
ԭڱչأǣͰֱӱƹضΪͰڰ׼ҵʵ̫ˣһ壬һ̫壬׼ҵδȫϵϡ󣬵֪˶ѾʱǼޱȡᣬѾԽﵽ˴죬ұֶ壬׼ҵʵֱӷʮ
Ӱ׼ÿҲһصƬһѯ󣬸Ǵʧɫ֪쾹ȻѾﵽ˴죬Ҳ㽫ϲһĻնһĻ尡쾹ȻԴΪն˶ԷǺεȵĿ£Լ嵱ȰҪһõ£ȻѾȥ˺ܾãɸоһ
ͬʱҲǸӵ˷ܣͰ˫˫ﵽ컹Ҫ࣬ΪͰĹϵѾʣһӭȢ׼ҶһȻ廹Ҫǿսһܵ£
ʱӭ죬Ŀ磬ȫ쵱һͬԴ
졣
׼ҼͷɫºͣЦݡΪ˰Ͱ´׼ң˵ΪõĸףͺܸжкøУ֪ĳɾͺսǾϲԽԽ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬׼ҵһ̫ϳϵȴȫӭ˳ȻǴӰͰ֪֣ޱ飬ֱһѰѵһ㡣
ӴСӣΪܻӭ
ſԴϣ
ôŰ׼棬׼ҼͰ׼ҵһ̫ϳϵ΢΢ʩ񣺡λǰӭǿԶԶԽǰЩˣǣеǲǣȶǺΪûһ˿һĹϵ
ǿǫѷ񣬰׼˸⣬á
Ѿ׼ã죬ڣڣ
׼ڴЦ
ʱɫѾװһ׼ֻŷʢľѾںãУ𱦾ƸǶһСɽŨľζƮڿУȻһҪ干Ļ档
ߵط󣬰׼һȺ룬ϯֱӿʼ
һʱ䣬׼˸ϲķΧÿһ׼϶ŻϲЦ
ˣϷһ
׼쾴ơ
ǰˣӦơ

׼ԹȴѾȥͰϵʣȻǽ׼ҵЩﵱԴ
һһ
׼Ц
һһ£׼һЦ
ˣϷҲһ
Ӣ۳꣡
۹ⲻ治
׼һȺǰ
󣬰׼Ҽǰǳ飬Ӧһļ򣬿º
֮󣬰׼ҵһʿҲΧǰž⣬쾴ơ
ˡ
Цͬǰڰ׼ҵϯǰ㣬߲ܣԵú͡
ûã׼һڴͰ׼һʿߵһߺѩҹԼԾһ
ȣô꣬Ҫ׷ɣһҪȸʹ죡
Ǻ
죬
У
Ͱͬ
Ҳͬһʱ俪ڣ۵ȣ
Ͱ֪ľһͿҾƷʵǲôҲڵʶʱһΣ˿Ҫȸʹ࣬ʱޱȵĺա
ΨѩҹôףЩãȻ
Ҳ⣬ȴǲô⡣
ۣԵЩߣҪȣ˵ţֱ̧־ȥץһߵľ̳
ԣֱӵָ̳˿ȥ
ﲻҺȣطû𣡡
ﳯо̳ĵطȥ
죺
ˣƷʲôģͲɣԼңûʲôˡ
˵
룬ҲǾ⻰еҲͲ
ʱҲطߣﱧһ̳
ɰԱߵѩҹһ£С죬û뵽Ⱦôš
ŮӾƷǲУ̬ȴǺˬޱȣǿ
Ͱ
죬
ɨ˰һۣȥܣǰ׼֮ˣôֶκιϵ
ѩҹЩľŰŰȺ̬ʱʱС졣
תۣʮȥ
ѩѩãˣԱߵѩҹѩҹϲ䰡ģ漴죬ָѩáãҡҸ㽲ԡǰҺڡƬһܺڵĵص£͡ҡҸ˵ҪҪڡﶴң
ѩҹŴС졣
ۣץž̳צһ
һ£ֱӽеɾƱ˶İһ


911 ڶ
ЩˣΪҲǳ֣ʲôû뵽ǣﾹȻǽ¸˳ȻûʲôˣǸҡôô̶أ
ҲˣΪ콫ˮһΪԼô˿̵Ļʵʧͳ
ܣ׼ӵҲʱסߣΪƺС˶˸ղŵĻһ죬ֶԼһĹĿƶ˺Цȴֲңһĺӡ
ѩҹͨ죬죬ѩѩãУҡҸ˵ǡǴΡ
ֱִ̧ӡһͼûڣ˲佫жͬʱӡˡ˵ȥָҪʲô
ȥ
ԲԶļ׼Ů̷Ը
ŮԵЩСһһңԼһĹߡ
ѩҹ죬æȥ
̼䣬Ǳˣ쳤˿̲סҧҧ
ĵСӣǿ㻹ͦġ


棬Ĩϵľˮ
ӭŰЩΣܿҲǹһǡҶ档˵ˣҲȫң˵԰ɣ
ҧ뷢վ
һҹϲķΧԲĻʱѾǵ˵ڶյĳʱ
ûϢҲѾѣӡн⿪ٻǵЩҹ£ǵԼƺ˵ĻԵúЩ˼ȡ˼Ҳֻһ˲ʧˣϾⱾҲ㲻ʲô˲õĴ¡
һ죬ͰΪһڰ׼ȻʵҲǴѩҹͺԿΪ԰׼ѾǺϤˡ
Ҳһ죬ڶ˾̫ʥڵɽŵһɹŨҵѪζһ˵Ļ档
󣬾˵Ϣڶÿһ䡭̫ʥأ˻ˣ
һʱ䣬ڶ󾪡
̫ʥأǸϵĴУôܱٵˣ
ܣ
̫ˣһʥأԸƬ򣬴е¾õľˣ˭ܹ֮ٵ
˶ţֻҡҡͷ
һЩۼ̫ʥرٵưܳʿһʶ̻ʿҲûɣļ𺳡
֮󣬲ûйȥãֻһʱѣھ˵Ϣ
ͨʥر٣
Ϲұ
ʱ䣬ڶС͸ʿԺȻ
⡭
ͨʥأңҲ
ô᣿
ʿ𺧡
֮󣬲ʿԵ̫ͨҵ֮أԿһѪȲƵĻ档һʿļ£Ǳǰĳŵˡ
ǳ֮ʿһ̲סȥѪˮأм䣬һ޴Ӻʣ˿µѰ㡣
⣬⣬⵽ǡ
ϸ˵ұ̫ʥغͨʥضҪǿһЩɣȴǡ
ⳡ棬ֱֱǡ
ѵ˴˵е𣿣
⡭
г֮ˣڿưܵĳ󣬽Ǹ㤡
һʱ䣬Ϣڶÿһ䣬Ƭ𶯣ʿסˣ˸ǾþԻع
һ֮䣬Ƭ𣬴ƬؼԶʧ˵һ¼ȿ¶˵£Ƭ򻹴

׼ҡ
׼ͦΣŨʱȻҲٵ¡
ңٵģ
׼һͤڣ졣
ɵռ̫ʥغͨʥغҪȥʱһ£󣬽ձҲˣ붼֪һΪ
ҡ

Űô¡򵥽ҵ԰׼ҵı˵¡
ʱŭһǰĽʯĵķ飬˫ɱ
Զѩҹͬʱ￪ڣʵ磬ôˣѩҹڰ׼طʱûһ𣬲Ļ
ûʲô

ɵĿԼĸ磬Ҳûжʣѩҹ׼طȥ
ͤھ죬ͺԣ죺ΪʲôңΨеãһֱܳ谮£Ѿһն̫ŻͣȴҲɺܷŭеɱǳˡ
һȥ㹻ˡ
˵
ǹ⣡
ûܹԳնңܲ
û˵ʲô顣

ڶ𶯣ﶼ̸ң̫ͨ£һޱȡ
󣬵󣡡
ֻһڣһڰȻ˸ȫٵˣ
һЩϱǿ߳ƣ̫ͨȥǱͬһǱ𣬶Ǳһ٣ûе࣬мΪµĵ򲨶ơ
⡭׶˭ģ
£
ʿ𾪡
ͬʱһЩϱǿ뵽һ¡
Ƭֱ֣Ӵˣ
˵
ڶ𶯣þƽ󵽸ǳأСһЩڣʿ󶥼¡

ʱĺܿ죬һۣصڶѾǹȥ֮á
¹ȥٵѾƽϢһʼǰ¡
һ죬׼뿪ƬصһˣӵһϣϦ涼ڵһ죬Ѿֱʱ䣬ǡһλȥǴ˰ѩҹͬʱҲĴڶѾʵŮ
Ȼһ뿪ĻͺԣȻܻڰ׼ҡ
һ·˳硣
׼ڵ͡
ŮҪĻ
׼ҼŰ˵
֪
ﹾ档
׼ҼһЦѩҹЦĺƽͣѩҹԺͽﵱļңӭʱ
ѩҹĹϵ׼ҼȻѾ֪ԴҲû˵ʲôϾҲֹһӣң㹻ǱͬĻ廹ҪǿͬʱѾԼӰ֪Ǳ𣬵֪ҵ԰׼ҵĶƣˣһָмǲܶжκ죬жյʸ
ллǰ
ѩҹлҲн֪꣬нһЩν
һЦ׼ˣ΢΢ʩ񣺡λǰͣǡ
Űͷ漴ѩҹͰ뿪׼ֱ֮ڿն𣬳ͨһʱŻλȥͺǸһߡ
һ򰡣˵үǰȥһΣ뻹ȥڶΡ



912 ޼
ĻûʲôӦ֣ȥĶ
뿪׼ңƬλöȥΪƬͨһʱŻƬλõһƬɳĮͷȥ
ҪʱܵʱŻǰ
ʵ
ΪﵽʱŻٶȴ¾ʱ

ܿ죬ԶԶ뿪׼ң߳ȥ˴Լʱǰ˲ʿ
ʮ̵ˣο鷳ˣ֪ܻܲ߳
ǰƬڣʮ˾˵ѾˣûаϢ
˵ǹǴʲô䱦ɢҲȥˣ˽ƬȡǣеˣһҲ߳УһЩʿвҽӹڴ
˵Ҳ
⡭˵Ҫʮ̵ȫһڴ¼
¼ǰʱ̫ʥأͨʥغұŵ£ʱ䣬ʲôǴ¼ʮ̵ȫ⣬Ҳ㲻ʲô
Ҫô˵Ļȷʵ㲻ʲôʮ̵Ȼɺ󳬼ȣȴֻǸˡ
ȷ
ЩʿСš
ԶԶľЩʿʱ΢΢üЩʿ֪һЩ¡ԼǰǰƬλõһԭʼڱһȣ汦㽻֯˸ƬʮɽдǰֻǣǴȴǺΣգȥ˲һʮ̵Ҳȫ棬ѾǱʱ䣬;ûаϢ
˶٣ѩҹͰʱı䷽ȥλõȡ
ڶʮֱ̣޼ţϹ̣̣ţ̣ڣ̣ɹԼ޷ɸڶʮе޼йõֱ뿪
޼УŴ̵鷳ɱ޼ŲӹƬҩʦ׷ɱʱ޼ȴǰǸʱѾˡ
ʱȷȷʵʵǳ޼飬ҲһֱСʮ̵˶У޼ȻҲڣǲܲܡ
Сӣȥᱦ
ʵȻҲЩʿΪ˿ҪȥᱦϾʮ֮һ޼ŵа£طҲһ֪ѡ
ǡ

˵ţ¼һ¡
ʱһ˶ˡ
꾹Ȼ·Ҷ֪޼ǲ
˵
˵ţͻȻܲ˼Ϊ»϶ǺǼйأȻѾȥ׼ҺĹϵҲѾǢܺãǾЩǸ⡣
ע⵽ı仯ȻҲ֪ʲôЦ⣬Ѿȥˡ
มû˵ѩҹվһߣ˽СĽЩʲô
ڣ죬ĻСӣҪҪȥʲôҩʦһˣָǣ
ҡͷˣѾȥôֻ꣬Ҫǲңô
ûٶ˵ʲôʱıЩ򣬳λöȥ
ӸղЩʿĻУѾǵ֪Ǵȵľλãżȶķ򣬺ܿһƬ޴ԭʼǰǱȣڡ
ˣ߰ɣȥ
˾䣬ֱӿС
ֲ׳ĺïʢУʱʱ˵޺кŨ֯ڿС
ƬֲСӦúܶࡣ
˵

ͷ
ո£һͷԳ֣֯ѪϢ
żޣȵʶ۷ʿ

Ȼĳ⳯ǴԳɨһۡ
ʱԳݺһ̼両ֳŨŨľ֮ɫֱͣɪɪӭовһҲҶˡ
һû⣬ӴԳԾԶ
ǱȻжԶ
ʵ
ûԶˡ

ǰԼȥһӺǰ˲ʿӰԼˣΧһɽ⡣
ˡ

ȥǰɽȺͨȴһЩƮ˳һȺʿΧڹ⣬жǴŽɫһЩдź档
󲿷ֶǴɵĵӴˡ
С
ʮɵ˱УЩɵĵȻżеΧһЩˣȻɢ޻һЩСɵˣԭѰ֪еûһ߳ȴֲҽ롣Ȼ󣬻һЩƾǴ˵ʮ̵˱֡

ͷȻܹµЩ
û˵ʲôֱƬɽȥ
˿طǰ˶ͷͰˡ
漴һ˽Ǳɫ
׼ҵĹУ֡죿
죬㲻ǡʧ𣿣
㡭
Ϊ׼ҹ˶Ѿ֪˼ɵ죬Щη壬Ϊ쵱ڵڶ򴳳ʵ̫ʢˣû˻᲻¡
ʧô꣬Ȼֳˣ
˵
һʱ䣬ط˵ĿⶼϣŨŨļ¡
СӣǸħߵﶼ˺¡

бһۣô
Źһڵӣɨ۳ȴ޼ŴɵĵӣʮУȴ޼⣬Ÿɶǿ׷ɱ
ɨЩˣȴҲûжЩôͰѩҹֱǰƬȥ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ʱ䣬ʿ·ûκ˸ҵ·
ЦʱطǿҲճڶѣڼǰնɱ۷ʿȥô֪꣬ǿ˺̶ֳȣ˸ʱȥ졣
һ˶˵ʲôܿǿ絽ɽǰ
ۿɽڵԶȥŨܿľǳޡ
֡

ǳС˺Եѩҹȴĺ
֣ʲô
ʵ
һֵԾ֡
ǵԾ֣һȵԾڣߴһɱ֣ң˳ȥҲǷǳѣͨɼǿ߶СڵħȵԾֻ֣Ҫֵ࣬ķΧҲǳ
ѹ޼˻ᱻڹڣҽڵҲûһ߳

Ϊǿ󣬶ƿҲǸӴ죬ֻǿһ۾֪طַǳ򵥣ֶԣͨɾǿ߿УҲܰȻ˳
ϣ޼񻹰Ȼ
漴кѩҹͰһȡ
Ƭȵضڴµ˷ǳΣգһУȴѩҹ⣬ǴڣȻò˿⡣ңǶǴͨɾƿصԣҲǿͨУҪ˿˼ɡ
ǰѩҹ˸һֱڣܿǱһȦȦŨû
ʱ䣬˶һ
⡭Ȼֱӽȥˣ
Ще˿һҲûл߳ѵ֪
Ǵ󵨣
ʿԱɫ


913 ټ޼
ֱӿǰɽȣһʿ澪ˣ𺳡
ǡ
˶¡

һɽУŨأǿʶҲԿԶ
Ũʶˮ׼ȻЩš
ﹾ档
Ϊ֣ȾƮŵǼ򵥵зǳĵȻǶ԰벽漶ʿʶڸá
˵
Ʋ죺˵ôʲôǴڴ죬ѵ㲻ЩϽɢ
бһۣҲû˵ʲôŵӣΧŨܿɢ
߰ɡ
ǰƽ
ʵϣһΪɽȺûеʲôһ·ǰ
ǳɽȥú󣬿ЩѪζǰʮʬڵϣ屻ᴩĲӣѪˮʳȥԶ
ȴ˵طǣһЩɱ⡣

һ۾ܿЩ˵
һ˶֪Щʬ֮ǰɽڵʿû⣬ǰȥ֮ûãֿһ߾ʬ壬״ܲңңһЩʬҰ˺ҧĺۼҧĵطѪҺˡ
ڣòƻЩаޡ

شණԴаȣпܡȳ̶ȵ֣аǳ

û⣬кѩҹһ𣬼ǰȥܿ߳ɡ
Уһ˿˸ʬ壬ЩΪȴطǣɱЩΪɱһЩƺʿ֣֮ȻǷʲôִ
תۼ䣬һӹȥ
ʱǰдҰ޵˻
ȥǰƮŨʮͷɫڳٶȺܿ죬ԼΧһˡ
ǡ
쵱Ŀһ͸Ũ˳˾޼ŵ޼ķ޼ɵ˰ǿоһ

Ҳ˳
ˣʵǸ޼ŵ
ˣҲ޼ŵˣ޼
ҡͷ
ǰʱ꣬޼ǿ˲٣ȻԶԶ޷ȣȴҲǿͨɾΣͨɾڶ죬ʵʱʮͷ޵Χ޼ȴԵЩǱѾ˲ˡ
һĻûԥһɢٳǰӿȥ
䣡
ʱ䣬һƿ𣬽ܵŨȫɢʹϵĻʱͬʱǽΧɱ޼ʮȫ𿪣ԺԶ
޼һæȥһ۾ͿһˣǱɫ
׼ҵ飬С֣죿
޼ʶѩҹȴʶͰ˶޼й˿̼ܲǶʱ𾪣Ϊ쵱ڵڶ򴳳ʵ̫ʢˣңѾʧ˺ܶ꣬ˡ
ǰ
ЦŴк
޼޼֮ȹһһֱǵãң޼ʱ޼Ҳǲа⣬⣬ȥ޼
ͷá
Ҳк
޼ˣоɫŨ㣬ô
𣡡
ʱ˻ʮͷٴη˹ͫԵøˡ
Щ޺ܲ򵥣֯űϢĿռ䶼Щѹ֣κһͷͨͨɳʿ
޼ǶݣڶʱһƵ⣬Ȼ׼ʩչһͨ
΢΢һЦһŵƽ֯ӣݻһɱ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һʱ䣬Ѫˮͬһ£ʮͷͬʱը̼ȫ
޼׼޼ŵ޼ͨʱһĻʱһ
㣬㡭
ղŵĶȻ֪Ϊ˿죬ϵ֮ɫǱøŨˡҪ֪ͨɵڶأЩãһֱ·ʱ쾹˲͸ȫնˣնһ㡣
Ц߹ȥǰû¾ͺá
˵ţ΢̧һĨɫɳֱû޼ڣʹ޼ƶʱһ˵ٶȻָգۼȬɫʶЩ
⡭
޼ˡʱ˵ĲأҲᣬԼҪķʱȬڣֻһͽ˳κãڣоԼľøǿˡһʱ䣬˫۶Ϊ֮
쵭Ц޼ٴοڣǰѰ޼ڣ
ʱ޼ԷһѰ޼
޼кϽǱɫĻһʱ侹ûзӦ
ι㻰أ

дһ˿ʱʹ޼΢һӱࡣ
һ£죬޼ƽ˲٣һǿڵѰһЩϢӦþǰ档˵ţ޼ָɽȵĶϷǸλǰطҪŨࡣ
У͹ȥ

˵ţ޼һ
ʱ޼һ㶣죬㣬Ϊ
Ļ̬У޼׼о⡣
ȻΪ˵ٶһ㣬ǻҪȥط;Сǿиı䷽ܵġ
⻰޼ݣ죬һĨɫ
бһۣ޼Ц˵ǰǰʱƾѾˡ
û˵ʲôȴҲǿ϶ĻΪ޼
޼죬Щ˸漴΢΢һ̾꣬챻뿪޼ţ˵ף޼ѲΣϾ쵱ʱΪ޼ŵĵӣκι޼ȴǲκλӡ֮뿪޼ű׷ɱ޼ҲΪΣ԰ǰȥһΣȴ룬һֱǵ£޼յУǺԥͿ˽޼
лллл
̾Ϣļ򣬳֣ʱ˵
ЦӦõģǰ㲻ÿ˵ţٴοڣ޼߰ǰϣ޼ǰҲ¡
޼лжͷ
£һ޼ʼָɽȵĶϷȥ
ɽȵĶԶطŨʶĸŸأǰǲûʲôӰ죬ǰУŵ׵ɢϵŨǶʱȫɢһƽصĳȥ
ʹ޼ľҲв̵ʱˣڵǳһ㣬ǽɽȶסˣɢֻǼ򵥵ѣ֮ЩȴǾɢˣ
⡭
оȣ𺳲ѡ
ע⵽޼ı飬ȴǲ⣬ǰȥ
ܿ죬һӹȥ߳ȥ˺Զ
ʱǰо˵ܲ
ǡϢ
޼ʱһͬʱҲ¶Щϲɫ


914 ɱŴ
ȻҲǲ޼ϢҲǽٶһ㡣
ܿ죬һǿɡ
ǰʮӰڽ棬ꡣ˵ʮڽ棬ʵϲ׼ȷΪоںΧһˡ
䣡
⽻֯ʽ֣
ԶԶȥһ۱ϳʮˣУΧɱһ޼Ȼ̵ȾŸɵˡ
Ŵ̵˽ǴͨҺǿʱһɱǷǷʹ޼ЩǱƵĽڽڰˡ
޼ҿ㻹ǰǶɣǻԿǷŹ㡣

ӦúһˣסǾˣ
˸ԴЦ
޼ϴŲѪгһɽĮԶԡû˵ʲôɫ˼ȴǷǳԣܷ
˵ɫеɱøŨ
֪
̵Ľ䣬ֱӿ粽ɱ˹ȥ
ҲʱһĮ𣺡˭֪
ʱˣз·Ǽž˵Ĺ֮һԲ£һɡ
ƽĳǰȥٳһ㣬޼ѩҹˡ
ɣŵȴ̵̧ͷȫɫ
죿㣡
ȳ
޼ҲǶݣѾڵڶʧأ뾹
ʱûŴ̵ˣ޼ѩҹ˹ȥ
޼ǰ
ǰ΢΢һЦ
޼޼ȹжģ˿̼޼ȻҲǷ
޼Ҳ˹޼úõĻţһ漴죬޼˵
޼΢΢ݣ죬Щ̾Ϣſڣ˵ˡ
¼죬޼Щӡ챾޼ŵĵӣޱȾˣǣΪ˼커ӣյ챻Ƶ޼ţ޼ŵӣһֱһź¡
ҡͷǰˣ걻׷ɱǰǲȻѾȥݶ飬һֱС
ʲô
޼㵱ȻС
Ȼգ
ɫԱ䣬ʱ£һ
ͬʱ⼸˶죬ҲɱⰻȻ
ûɱ㣬ٻȥ
죬˵Ŀͬһ㡣ɱ˾Ŵ̲ˣȺ󽫴ǾŴͥٵʹþŴںܳһʱΪ˵ЦǶɱŨľˣʱ޿̲뽫նɱ
ߣ
ﶢ⼸ˣʵ붯֡
ΪҲվûг֣û춯ֱȽϺá
ɨ⼸һۣ޼ǰ⼸ΪΧ㣿
ھŴ̵˺Χɱ޼΢Щ档
£ղǼ˵˵޼ʲô
Ʋ졣
޼һ߾ĶŶ漸̵ˣһҲ޼
ѰһҶ
޼ǲû
޼˵ҶеһĨ⣬Ҷ꣬ͨɾֱԴЧЩơ
Ȼ˵ǺԴЩƣҲָֻͨɾʿֱһѣԴ֪߱ǿʢЧҶ߱ңͨҶҪķѲپΪԴȴҪʴˣ߼Ĳ໹Ƿǳġ
ʶɨ޼һۣ޼ȻǴͨɵھ죬˲Ϣ֪˾Ŵ̵Ϊλ޼֡Ϊ޼Ϊһ˾ҶֱӾܿ뵽Σ޼ŽһǿߣֱӾͻıʮ̵ĸ֣޼ŽѹžŴ̡ԴˣŴ̵ȻԸ⿴Ա˴⡣
䣡
ʱ촫Զһ𣬱ɵվ
죡
˵ͺɱ⽻֯
ͬһʱ䣬ŵȴ̵Ҳ죬дűɱ֮⡣
ɱ
Ϲ̵Ľ죬
һʱ䣬һ뽫ʱ޼ǾʵڶǺ͸졣
ӴȥС˵ͦŰ

ɨ۾Ŵ̵ˣֻǴͨɾѣʱҪɱ졣
৵һ¾Ͷס񶼺
󣡡
Ϲ
¡һɱӯҰֱӳһڴѹ
޼޼ɫһ䣬Ҫ֡
Ǹ죬ָһâ
͵һϹ̳Ĵ̼䱻󣬽ɫƲͬһϹͷ­ϹըѪˮɢ˳ա
⣿
ʱ䣬طȴѩҹͺ⣬˶Ǳɫ
һϹ
޼𺳡
֮ǰѾµǿ󣬵ȴû뵽ôǿȻָ佫Ϲ̵ĽĨɱˡҪ֪ϹҲǴͨɾ찡
ʱ򣬾Աߵ޼Ҳ𺳣ֹס˸
ͬһʱ䣬˸ľĿȻʼֽʱֻʲôֶͻϮҲȣȴû̫Ծʱ򣬼һɱϹ⼸˶ʱЩĲˡ
ôܣ⣬㡭
˶죬ͫʲסľֻоһɺ
⼸ˣɫƽ
꣬ǾŴ̶ҿΪչˣʵԵӦؾһ¡
Ц
ػصڶ򣬾Ŵ̺Щ׷ɱУҪǳ򵥣վûôŻˣϾѾȥôꡣʱŴ̵ˣԷֱҪɱǲܲɫ
̧֣ʱ׼̵Ľһɫ⡣
ݵһɫٶȿ켫תǰûеüӦֱӴ͸üģһʺѪҺ
ʱðãֱͦͦĵȥϢ̼ʧӰ١
һʱ䣬طֱһƬ
ǿȻҲһĨɱ
㡭
˸󺧡
ǰһһնɱϹǺεȳ̶ȵʵ
㣬ѵѾѾˡ
̵Ľ
ϹǴͨɾ죬̧ܹ־ͽնɱǰ벽ǿҲΨдĴڣʵ
ôܣжã
ڵһ
̵Ǹ֣̿ʱȫŵˡ
޼޼Ҳ𺧣Ķһ£һٱ䡣
쵭Цûʲôʾֻٴ̧֣׼
㣬
ۣ
ָɫһûֱӹᴩؿڣ۵һը鿪


915 ޼
ѪˮڿУطȴѩҹ⣬˶𾪺Ȼ
⡭
޼ˡ
ָնɱͨɽǺεȲεսǺεȼΪ
棬̵Ƚɵ˸ֹסĲսǾ֡
㡭
˶죬ˡ㡱֣һʱʲôҲ²
û˵ʲôٴεָһâɳ̵նȥ
۵һ̵ըֱ
һʱ䣬Ŵ̵ľŸˣֻʣˣһ죬Ƿ
ڵָ죬̲סе㡭һǷ˽ɵҩһ򣬾ôʱ䣬ôܻս
ŶԷûʲôĻֵֻ̧һâգۼûؿڣ۵һ顣
ʱ䣬طľŴ̵ˣֻʣ˱̵ĽɹŵԼ޷ɸĸ˸ǿ־塣
ϹͨɾĴȻһָ
ôܣ
̵Ľ
ʱ¶죬ȫ־֣ޱȡ
ˣǲǳҪɱСʱ򶶸ʲô
⻰һʼʱǾŴ̵һһҪɱ죬ߣȴǱһָͷһȺˣĻһʼǺεĶԱȣ
˶⣬ڸĸоֻ֡־塣ʱ죬նǱˣˣһˣһ߲
ˣǽգû·

ƽָᵯһâɳ̽üĹᴩ
һڵϣ˫ĿԲдſ־壬ɫǷһʧתۼɢһɶ
תۼ䣬Ŵ˻ʣˡ
⡭
޼ǿɵۣʱֻоԴ˵죬ˡ
Ŵ̵ˣת۱ɱˣ
Ȼ޼Ҳ΢ɾĲһ£սסˡ
ŵɵ˸Ǿ壬һִ̿УԳԶɶݳȥ
ˣŵӣǰһƬƱ⣬ĽȫɻǱĵϡ
ʱ䣬˱ø־ˡ
֡죬ֵѣֵŹǣǱ֤ԺΪ㣡
ŵ˵
Ϊѣ̲סЦǼǿʮҲɵסСһָھ˵ʲôԺΪСӣΪڳţ
һдſ־壬ɫһǵͨ죬ϡ
ֵѣ󡭡ŹǣֻҪŹǣԺʲôУ
ֻҪ㲻ɱǣԣԺհ
ԣֻҪǻţպԸհ
˿˵
νţ˲
ˣֻҡͷû˵ʲô
ָ̧֣佣â¡
⶯ﲻ֪ʲô־塣
֡
ﬣ
̶֯âն䡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
˲Ϣѣͬʱըȫ
ˣŴ̵ȫն
޼һܵѪ⣬⡭Ŵ̵ȫնɱˣĵ֮ƬֽһβС𶯣ȻԶԶȲǰʱ̫ʥص£ҲƬһˡ뵽ͻȻһӾ㤵죬ɵʶʳ̫ͨңòǣǣǡ
̫ʥأͨʥغϹңдԹ̫ʥأͨʥغϹҲŸ𲻶ãǳ֣ȵָնɱͨɾǿߵսʹ޼òºϵһ
⻰޼ҲһȻ޼ʱʲô£ɵ𺳵졣һ̣΢΢üΪһЩϱʿĹ۲죬ϹŴĴ񲢲Ǳͬһ
ģ̫ͨġ
Ǹ͡
ʱ䣬޼޼ǺݺһĻȻǺйأϹңѻ̫ʥغͨʥأ
⡭
޼ˣˡ⡱֣ۣʵһҲ²
бһۣȴҲû⣬£ûʲôˣȲ˵޼޼ֻ⽫͸¶ȥˣ͸¶ȥڶ֪ʲôϵƬ˭κε
û˵ʲôֱȥʮ޼޼ƽЩ
޼̾Ϣźȴ㣬ƺЩǳˡŹȥ꣬ѾܻͬϹĳˣĿ£
ǡ
޼Ҳ̾Ϣ룬ȴʵڻ˵ʲôĻ
쵭Ц˲̫ࡣ
漴޼ղײգǰҶɣΪ㻤
޼һ㶣漴пһĨâصĵ˵ͷ˵ˣڣѾ԰ٷ֮ٿ϶Ѿ˴ԶԶ˴ڣΪӸղʱϷƺʱûô̧ͬ־Ĩ˰㡣ʱǿΪҶһѵõĺ£
£ûԥֱӽһ걦ȡ˳ⱦоƬ꣬ÿһƬ϶罻֯ͬѪһ㣬ɢһɼΪŨķ㡣
ȷʵǾҶ

ȼ֣Ķǳ࣬ȻʶҶȶԴԣһҶȻǲô⣬ͺñһۻʼǿ߼һʥ㣬һ˿һ
̬޼޼ЩˣУǾãƺǽҶ·ߵҰһ㡣
ѵǴ𣿣
޼ͷһ
޼ҲǶݣʱź޼һĲ롣
ȻʲôȴҲǲԡ
ǰʼɡ
޼
޼ԣҲǻعٴεл󣬾ԭϥ£ת޼ŵĴйʼҶʱ䣬Ҷǿʢ·飬һƾĹɿû뵽ڣʹ֮ʱϢǡ
޼ʱ֣ɨƬâ޼֡Ƚâһƴ򣬴ʱ޼õ͸ش
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
䣡
һ̣һɴ޼ڳֱطһС쫷硣
һ̣޼˫ۣվԼ˫֣εļת񣺡лҶʱͨɾ˴ΣУо͵ڣΪǰ·ˣôô˳ĴΪǳιʵ˵Ǵ
ÿ
쵭Цʾ޼⡣ԣֻһС¶ѡ
޼ʱȻǲ޼ı仯֪޼ǿ˵˴Σޱȵļǳл޼޼űһǿߣ޼ŵʵ̫ˣ
ˣҲˣҲˣˡ

ͷѩҹͰ漴޼޼λǰͳȥɡ
䣬תǰʱ·ء
һ̣ݣֹס˽Ų΢΢ƫͷⷽɽȵĸȥһĨâ


916 ʮһ龧
ɽһƾâ
ʱɽȵо˷ǳ˵۶ɢ
ȥһˡ
˵
ʲô
ʵ
ڱ

ûٶ˵ʲôҲûпĻر޼ˣкѩҹͰһ𣬾ֱɽȵλȥ
޼޼һۣûԥȥ
ⷽɽȵռǳ󣬵ƬɽȣԽȥԽŨ񣬶ʶҰĸԽء
ǰŽŵӣ֮Ũɢ
𣡡
һХǰ˫Ŀ̵ɱ˹
һͷкë飬⣬дһ׺ݵ
쳯ǰȥĲ䣬ܼ⣬̼佫ͷ޻ɱ
ⲻֻһСûʲôˣһ˼쳯ȥ
תۣһӹȥ
ǰһƬʯѣʯһ飬ңܱȴвݱҩҲ꣬дﵽǧϵҩͨǿ߶Ǳ
棬򵥣
â
ܹʹõôݱҩطô˵ҲһƬǷ仰˵Ҳǵص׵ܷǳǿʢ
ͷһ̧֣ʯԸݱҩȫץʮ֮࣬дıݣʶ꣬Ѫҩֵơ
Щصס
ûʲôֻǾվԭأ漴ŵɢɿûص硣
Ƭ̺һ΢⡣
ʲôˣ
ʵ
龧龧

ûصףڴԼĵص磬ʮ֯ʮһȱͬʱвٵ龧龧
޼޼ݣ龧龧УΪǿʿֶ޼޼Ȼ֪˿ططĵصȶƺ٣ǲɵ֮ġ
ڣ
˵
΢΢ͷ˿һЩ漴ŵӶƱøǿʢ
ˣ
ƻ⣬ɿûصףԲʮڵĿռȫ֣ʹã
һ̧̣չһ콣ͬʱʹõرѿ
ʱһɼǿƵŨľˡ
͸նĴѷ죬һԶԶȥʱȻۣҲڵص¿ʮһʮͬʱԱ߻Ŵѵ龧龧
ᣬ龧龧Լֵܹͨ龧

ࡣ
ͷ
ѩҹվԱߣԴ˲ôȣ𻯵ڣ࣬龧Ҳ١
޼޼Щ𺳣ô龧ǿɲ
ǸСջ񡣡

ͷһЦ
龧龧ûʲôãҪصһ죬зںĹȣһʦڵţһϦеĵطһҪЩôȥΪŵĵ̡
תĸ죬ƽ֯һŹֶ£ʮһǣٴʩչֱӽʮһѹʮһСһץ
⣿
޼޼һʮһȻ򵥾ͱʮһСֶٴ𺳡
콫ʮһСư漴ٴζ֣ƻû֣ص׵龧龧Ҳץһ㣬Լֵһʮ龧
㲻漴ִȡʮҵ龧֮޼ǰ¡
ʮ龧࣬Ƕ޼ŶԣҲһıء
޼һ漴ҡͷҪɫܼ޼ѾǴݣ
޼ƴǣҲͲٶ˵ʲô龧龧һ
һʱ䣬ࡣ
߰ɣȥˡ
˵
£һʱ·أܿ߳ȥԶ
ʱƬռк˵ĺпɱ֮ںƵͬǧڳԱ巽λͬʱЩļ¡
طЩŹ֣ףȥȴǷǳѣ߲ȥңصʱʱйɱ˷ʤ
޼ˣŲٽеʿҪȥϧȴûһ˳ɹһЩʿʱʱǣɱ⣬ֱӱĲ
û¡

Уռ綼Ϊ𣬶㲻ʲô
ŵӣת۱ǽͿɢ
޼֮ǰѾʶֶΣɴ˿̼Ȼ棬̲סԾԱߵ޼úܶ࣬˴ΣѾطɴУܲʲôӰˡ
߰ɡ
ǰ·;һһɢܿ߳ɽȡ
˳ˣ
ɽΧŲʿ˴ӹ߳ʱ¶ɫЩɽڵ˲٣ȥô죬ȴǵһ˻߳
ȻЩ˿߳˭ʱ̲סݣΪУǰģȻǲǰɽȵ졣
⡭
֮ǰɽȵʿȥô춼κ߳Ǳ棬ǡŽȥûãȻ˳
һȥİ׼˶ǰȻУǡ޼ŵˣ޼޼ķ
һʿԾȡ
Ŵ̵ʿ޼߳һǼеĳɽȱԵȥſԼһҲ֣ȴǶʧˣһ˵ӰӶ
޼ŵһЩӴǾϲӭȥ

Щ޼ŵĵӶ޼޼ͬʱҲСһߵ죬Եúܾη
޼һڵӵͷ漴죬ٴлΣˣ򡭡ɨطľŴɵĵӣû˵ȥ
ʹطһʿһ޼ʱ߳ȴȻлұʮֵ֣档
⡭ǰ޼ʲôæ
޼գɽȺ޼һ߳ѵǡ
޼ϢΪ˰޼
һЩʿ죬ǳԾ̲סͷӶ
ǱƵ޼Ϊ޼޼հ
Сֹ
Щ˵ȴǲû⣬޼ǰÿ˵ţٴοڣôǾʹ˸ǣҪȥط
޼ԭȥ޼ϢͣƺȷʵҪȥطҲ뵢飬Ҳûпڣһεл󷽲
ͷءѩҹֱڿնתۼԶȥ


917 ּó
޼޼һٶȲܿ뿪ֺԶ롣漴ֹȥʱһ˳Ƭļߡ
ȥǰһƬɳĮһ紵ɳ졣

ֹ
쵹û⣬кһ·
ƬͨһʱŻƬɳĮľͷλá
һɳĮУԵЩȣȴԶԶӰ첻Ͼ֮ҲͨɾΪ
䣡
ͻȻǰɳһɳֻ޴Ыӹð
Щԣðһ˲䣬ֱӳһɱٶȿľˡ
̧ȣһ߳һƬɳֻЫӹȫɣȥʮԶû˶
һ·ǰ;˼ɳĮеЫӹϮɱûʲôˣȫɨ˳ȥ
Լһʱʱ䣬һ˽ƬɳĮߵ˾ͷ
ǰһƬС֣зԲʮңмһʯ̨мһɫܱ߽֯ŨϢȻͨһʱŻ
߰ɡǰһ̵ʯ̨תʱŻǰʱŻٴοڣˣһʱŻЩ⣬ʱڣӽһʱռ𶯡
˵⻰ʱʵҲ̫ģΪһУѩҹҲǴͨɾ磬һʱŻҲһвѩҹ
ѩҹ˶ǵͷǲ˵ȥһ򣬶Դ˺
һʱŻڣֱӱڰ
֮ƺûйȥ̫ãռһ漴ڰͬˮȥ
ļͬʱһƬĹȵС
Ĺȵزһʯ̨һɫ·بųһ㣬֯ŨϢ
վֱ壬ɨܣжʱâ
ȣ

һֻˡ
ǵһ򣿡
죬ΪܵĿЩɭɭģ·һĹڰ㡣
ѩҹͷĺԶ¶Щɫ
ǰ﷢һδս
˵
Ƭ򣬺ѰżطȻЩ˽⡣
ȻʱŻս󣬲һʱŻ𡣡
ﹾ档
쵹û˵ʲôֻ⣬ԺӰ˳
߰ɡ
˵
£ǰ·Ϥķ߳ȵأȱԵȥ
ƬռطΧСһƻҺɫƮڿУԵɭɭġһ˿ȥûԶֲܽٵаʬеĳһ
˸ǣƬȵ׵İɷת۽Щʬͬһʱ䣬һĨ֮ɫֻ̧ӳһâնѿر
ˣ
ʱ䣬Ũʹ⸽̱ϡ࣬˲١
ּ̧֣ƽ֯ԵصץһȱѹƵС
ջ񡣡
Ц
һƬа֮أȻһȱȷʵͦЩ⡣
֮ûжǰ·ȥ
ԼȥһʱһһνȵǵطȥǰŨŨǴڤƮ㡣ЩֻضʱŻɢһʿҲͨ
ڴΣȻǲЩңܹˣЩΪطĵĶضʱڣϢ仯Щʱûصס
ǰŵһǰŨʱɢһֱͨ·
ߡ
˵
£һǰܿ߳ȡ
ȥǰһƬ֣紵һƬƬҶΪƬȣܵȵӰ죬ּľʼǳſݻ״̬
û⣬н֯΢⣬ңԶգĹȵķ
ǸطϴŵЦ⣬漴кѩҹˣڿն𣬳Ĺȶȥ
תۼ䣬һʱȥʱǰһƬµĹȵأԼԿһͤ¥һ֮УҲһ翵Ϣ
ˡ
ϵЦŨǰĹȣ꣬棬ãڹС
һ̣طвЩ̾ϴ뿪Ѿȥܾˡ
˵Ĺȣ
ʱڣԵЩš
ԱߣѩҹҲһ
ڵڶ֮ǰͽѾĴڸǣҲᵽ˼ĹһĹ⣬ŮЩȻˡ
ͷ˵ı飬ȻܹоǵĽźЦŵûµģ߰ɣȥ
£ŮĹڶȥܿȥĹȵĹȿλô
ǣĹȵĹȿڴŮţ˿ǰѯʣһ̣ŮӱֶǶݣϳ죺ǡʦ֣Ĺȴһ֮ãĹȵ˼ûвʶġ
ͷԵúܿЦҡ
Ů϶ʱ䶼ֳصı飬ͬʱҲԵЩСʦ֣ʦмûֹˣ죬ŮЩѣ漴ĿѩҹͰϣһʱ䶼뾪ޣΪŮݡ
Ư
һŮ̲ס
ò˵ѩҹյûޣŮӶЩȣֱֱĶѩҹͰ￴⵹ǽѩҹͰŵĶ£ӲȻˡ
СŮޣ˰ɣ˾·Σ
ʱڡ
ŮȥһɵޣѾܿˣղһֱעѩҹǲע⵽Ĵڣ˿̶ЩԾԲ˫ۣʦ֣ս裿
죺
ޣݺݵĵŮӣǿүСս裿᲻˵ҪҪү̸̸룿
׺ݵı飬ŮӲɵһǱŵӡ
ЩգŮƽЩֿڣǽȥɣ
ŮӶʱǷӦͷ
漴һŮӸڣ󺰵ʦˣ
ȥ˺ԶʱʹĹȶһ
ʦ֣
Ǹʦ֣³ˣ
˵ȥ˸ϲˣ
ĹڣŮӶ죬˶˳
漴һŮӶǼ죬ԾɵȫΧȥ
ʦ֣㰡
ȥˣʦ֣㴳ڼˣ
Ǿǣǽѽ
쵱ͺĹڵӻӭغȥǸܻӭˡ
һʱ䣬һȺŮΧԱߣ졣
ϴЦЩŮһһͷ
ѩҹԱߣСĵĴܣӽˡ
ʱԶһŮٶȺܿ죬һ¾˵컳磡
ŮͤͤսãΪһ˿ԵʣԵЩ顣
ŮһʱһޱеĸоŮϸоļϢͬʱ뵽ŮղųʱԼĳƺʱһĿҲЩ˸ǡϦ
ţҰ磡СϦ
ŮƯ죬Щ⣬Ķ


918 ϱһǸ
뿪һѾܾˣȥ˺üͷϦˣҲˣǰСŮһͤͤƯŮ
Ϧʱø̲סЦˣǼСϦһƯˣô꣬ϲսûʱˡ
˵Ϧֱͷ⡣
ֱڣƬʱСϦŵ̨ΪĻ棬СϦΪϴ·Ļ棬Щ棬ǰ
ûϳ
ЦϦϦ۽飬ΪϦЩɢҵ㷢
ȼǰϦı仯ȷʵǳϦļϦ˹ͽһ硱ƵöϺһʱϵĳ
ҳ
ϦЦú𣬳˳ӡ
ţˣͷЩ˼Щ꣬ûߣû㳤ʵںʧְ
ϦȷʵԼûоһΪֳӦΡ
ûе£ϦҡͷСϦ֪ģűøǿԺܸõıСϦλ㡣һǶ࣡
еĳ֮ɫŨϦˣȴǺǰһĹɡ
ΧŲĹȵӣʱ򶼲ڣˡ
ѩҹͰվĿⶼϦϡ
ã
СϦ
֪иã֮ǰڰ׼ʱҲһ£˱ǾͶõº˿̣˶ϦһСĵģ
ϦʱƺҲע⵽ѩҹͰ̧ͷѩҹͰʱ΢΢ݣƯһ̣ѩҹͰԼЩ󣬲ɵ΢£뵽ЩʲôСʵ磬ǡ
ʱƿյӰһȻǼ档
죡
һ嵽ǰǴŻϲı顣
δ죬ȻǺ
С꣬С档
ЦŮ
ŮŮȥǰ㣬񾲣鶯
ŮӣҲƬǣң˿ٴȻҲǺܸˡ
ȥҺǡ
˵
Ůվǰ²ûκκۼ෴ΪΪ˵ԭŮԵøƯЩǳˡ
ǰľͷأԽԽ˵ˡ
Ц
ҲЦĻǶܿġ
УС
ЦһЩССΡ
ѩҹͰĿѾȫ˼ϣýĿż档
ע⵽Ů̧ͷȥʱһ㶣һоϦһѩҹͰﶼƯӭŮ˲Ϣ俴˺ܶණ
ǣģ
졣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳע⵽ѩҹĿҲһ漴Ҳ졣
ԵЩΣȴҲǺܿƽתѩҹͰΪŮܼ棬ܰѩҹ
ѾͰѩҹ涼ڣŮڼ棬ûǿӡĽԼѩҹĹϵΪ֪ѩҹǷʱѾ֪˺ܶ࣬棬ȻҲ֪ˡ
һʱ䣬涼ѩҹ
㡭Ǻá
㡭Ǻá
ѩҹͰһ£΢ЩСż档
Ǻá
Ǻá
Ҳڡ
һʱ䣬ĸƯŮ໥ŶԷͬ
κ󣬻ǼƳĬɨһۺѩҹͰЦӭǡϴˮЦ񾲣һַǳеĸо
ӭǡ
Ҳڡ
ϦһۣʱѩҹͰԣǣŮһֻ֣Цķǳ𣺡ѩ㣬㣬ϦӭǼǵĴͥѩҹͰߣͬһɰСӡ
һʱ䣬ѩҹĽŶʧ࣬æȡ͸ϦͬʱҲмġһ׼õģˣһǵڶϹŰ׼ҵ飬һǵ𻯵ŵ̫ϳϵӣͳȻͬѰȻһİ벽ǿ߼˶ۺ죬ֵˡ
ллλ㣡
ϦһҲûԥĵĽЦţѩҹл
һĻһĨ⡣
Աߣͺоâ
죬벻׶ĻСӣȻôһĹҴϻ۵áôûߣһ۾ͿͰŮѩŮ޵ĹϵʱǣŮȥֺԥ°Ů޺ѩŮ޵ĹȫǿǽžͨЩǷɡ
ֱӽ𶯳ֻͺܹ
һЦȻܶϦеĳ֮ɫŨ
졣
һĹ˫˳
ǰ
ӭȥǷ
˫жͬʱǼʦȻء
˫´죬κһҡͷ̾겻͸ˣѾͨɳ˰ɣʦһڰǰﵽͨɾͨɵһ죬ǰǿ˺ܶ࣬Ǹղţʶɨ죬ȴǿһ㣬վǰȴʲôҲоֻͣһΪԶԶͨɵһˮ׼
ʲôѾͨɳھˣ
ô
ҲѽǵļСʦ񶼴ﵽͨɵڶ죬ʦôҲСʦòŶԡ
⡭˵ĺе
ҹƣʦӦѾﵽͨˣ
ҲҲǣ
ͨذһӶﲻǸ߶ȣĽ
طĹһڵ˽һ羴졣
Щɵ÷˷ۣ죬ͨ죿
ȻҲЩȴǲû⣬˫һЦǫǰˣԶ
ˣǫ顣˫һһߵѩҹͰЩϷʵ죺ˡˣѾ˰꣬ܿѩҹĹϵ
ʱһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
˫Ҳû˵ʲôԸȥ׼硣
һ죬ĹԵú֣غĹ»ӭһֱҹ
ҹʱ֣֮ͬǰѩҹͰǰ㣬ֱӽѩҹƸദͬʱϦҲţԼǴͺĹȵĶλá
Ĺڴһ꣬סڶλõһС¥ǸطŵĹȵŮӡ
Բ¸߹ңԣȥǶС¥·ϣϹŵЦݡ
˵СӣүĶԦŮ֮ʱڣĵϱһǸ


919 ͨɣڹž
Ļϵðܼĺߡ
ǻۣԦŮ֮޹أ

бһŲı飺ǻۣԦŮǻۡ
ɫʱЩ
գôֱǰߣܿĹȶλõС¥
С¥أ¡
Ϥͺ˼䷿
գһҹת۹ȥ
գͺ߳С¥ĹѾ࣬һ۾ͿϦͼŮʱȥѩҹͰȻЩţȴռҪ࣬ŮӼķΧͦãº͡
ЦЦżŮڽ̸ʲôûйȥţûǵǶദȽϺá£ͺطڹת
ˣܿһչȥ
ŮԸͦãϦڣΧǷǳǢȻദĺܺá
쿴һ߳󣬽Ůӻǰ
СϦС棬ͻƵͨɲȥ
Цŵ
񣬼ѾͨɲΣϦǻһЩǰߴվأߴء龧Ϧֱӳͨɾ硣
ͨɾ磬ûôó尡Ҷͣվܾˡ
ֹ
ϦҲڣ԰磬Ҳеյ죬ͨɻԶء
û£а취
Ц
ĹѰһĵطֱȡ龧ڵϣһʱ䣬Ũ֯ʹƬռͬһСһ㣬Ũľˡ
ʹü꣬ϦһôŨǻǵһθܵ
龧Ǵľۺ壬ֱΪҲ
һС͡
Ϧǵ˵ۣǲ졣
ǰڹżмֶûмʵ

Ц漴Ϧ龧ȥ񣬼ѾͨɵڶأʱҪ龧ͻƣϾϵ龧ٶҲȥ龧üС̨ףҲûʲô塣
ȥɡ
Ϧ
Ϧԥæϥ龧תķ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ŨԽ֣ʹϢǷɿĳ
תۣһʱȥ龧ķ
䣡
ʱڵһǿʢĲһɹɾ˵쫷硣˫ۣЩϲվʱվ뵽ͨɵһ죬ڵԪҲǻԵøӵƯˡ
ˣ
ҲʱŨƸǶĹסˡ
һʱ䣬ĹһڵӶ¶ɫ
ǣ
áǣ٣
Ĺȣ˭ͻͨɾˣ
Ĺȵӽľ
ȻĹ˫Ҳ˳ȵŲϵں
ˣ
ѹֵϢ֯ʮ
ʱ˿˿Ƶĵ绡֯Ųϵ΢΢һ¡֮ǰ˫ɽ٣ǳĿ¡
棬ȥĹɽ١쿪ڣ漴ȥ
ǻĴʣɲὲʲô棬ҪһСʲô⣬ǽǲɳ֮ء

õģ
Ͱͬʱͷ
նϣǰܿĹһƬڣͬʱֱԵվţֻΣյʱʱ
ˣ
ʱ䣬䡣
治Ҵ⣬æȫֵ
ĹһڵУԾȡ
Сʦã
⡭СʦþȻҲͨɾˣ

Ĺһڵ𺳡
˫ȻҲǿ棬̲סԾ漴ע⵽˵ķ򣬼Ϧһѳܵıг֣ʱǾȡ
˶٣ϳϦߵ龧ϵľɫøŨͼһҲڹżпʵʱǲ졣һ̣ĿϣȻġ
Сһǡ
죬֪˵ʲôˡ
ԶǷ˫ȴʱû⣬ĿϦϡĹĶɽ٣˿ҲģΪǸطԾԱϾѾڴ죬ͨɴ̧־Ϳɷ顣
ǼЩĵĹ⣬֪ȴٵĿ£Գܹ
ģκ⡣
Ц
˵ţĿٴϦϡ
ʱϦԽ֯ϢһѾյڰ졣
ˣܿһӹȥ
ˣ
Ĺ⣬һ£濿Լɹ٣ﵽͨɾ
ĹһڵӶ֤һĻһʱ䣬ĽǸˡ
Ĺȣͨǿˣ
˼
ɹ٣߲֮ԡ漴ͰһصԱߡ
£龧̾硣
Цŵ
ͷڼ֮ɫȴǺܿϥ£ϦһۺǱ˫תķ龧ԼΪ
ͷһۣĿϦϡ
ˣ
Ϧڣâ㣬ϢΪ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱϦڳһǿʢϢͬһ㣬뵽ͨɾ
ˣ
ʱٽ٣ƹѹϢɿ콻֯Ĺȵÿһ䡣
ʹĹһڵһ
⡭
ͻͨɾˣ
ĳλ𣿡
ŮֱۣһٲûãȻ٣
ʱϦâ֣绡֯ž졣
СϦȥ棬һ𡣡
Ц
Ϧɽ٣ҪԻ
ϦǿģͷĹ⡣
ֽĹһڵӾĲᣬû뵽ʱͨɴٵ˾ȻϦҪ֪ǰһǼϦֻأôͻô죿һ̣ǿϦԶʱǶʱˡ
ʦְæͻƵģ
Ůӵ
⡭ʦ־ȻڶʱϦؿͨɾ磬áֱһ
ǣ
⡭ʦÿͨɾ磬Ҳʦְæ
ʦ̫ǿˣ
԰
ĹڣŮ죬ǳݡ
ʱϦѾĹڡ
ˣ
ʱ䣬ѹ¡
ⳡӣ漴Ϧһ㣬Լɹͨɽ١


ϦصߣϦҲǺܿģϾͨɾΡ
֮ϦҲ龧Ϊֱֹȥʱʱ䣬ϦվͨɵһصΪȹ̣龧ʣһЩ
һʱ䣬ϦԵøЩҲ˷ܣǸˡ
ЦЦż꣬ϦˣڣҴͨɾ֮зš䣬üļâ˸Դһʶ֮⵽꣬ϦʶУͬʱҲһ⵽ѩҹʶҩ䣬Ŵ֮һҩȱž֮ǰϸǳʺС
˵Ĺֻ۷壬ͨɾҪʵĹѩҹйȻ𼶹ȴ޷ȣһڡڰ֮ǰõ̫žķҲǷǳ𼶹ҪţҪǣ̫ž䱾ԴϣھǱܡ


920 
Ļ˶һҩž
꣬Ϧϲ򣬵ˣھŴȴ֪һǿʮ˵еǿˣֻֿѹһСû뵽Ȼһȱžֱأ
ѩҹȻҲԾ˵ĸоһֱǱȽϰֻЩ˸
Цһ¡
˵ͷۿʶеҩ䣬󣬼˺ܿ㶼ǷⲿžĲвͨںйһǿĹνǾǽĲǲ˼졣
аɣ
Ц
ĸŮӶͷֱȥòǻع
Ͼžֵʵ̫ˣ
ʥУ
ϦԺ
ϦԴ漴֣̽⻪һڱֱ֣һߣһкһѪⶼУڵʥĹãǴӵǶѪһʼڵλõļԨȡƷεǳǿ
ڱһʱâҫۣĹȶ£˶һ
˫˹ȥͬһʱ䣬ĹڵļϺ̫ϳҲ˳գһʱ䶢סǸ򣬶ϵڱĲ
˫ˣʱ̲ס˹ȥĹȵĳҲ̲ס˹ȥһǰȡڱɵļ¡
ңĹڵһڵʱҲǷ˵ڵأٵŮӶСĿ˹ȥ
˫ʱĿȫڱϣѵǴ˵е
ͼһż֪ܶණңķּǱȽϻн糣ʶһͨʿҲԴ˷ǳ˽⡣

쵭Цͷ
ʱһƬĻȻĹȵĳϺ̫ϳϣԼΧһŮӣ𺳲ѡ
Ȼ
֮֮ǵ֮ϲ⡭
ʦ֣Ȼңֹһ
ĹһŮӺȻ
Ҳû뵽ϢôˣҲû⣬ʱϦ߽Ϧн棬Ѫꡣ
ʱǻ塣
˵
Լ֮ǰ𻯵ʱ͸ѩҹһ񽣣ͲϦû壬Ϊÿ˶׼һڣʱͳ
һʱ䣬һĲ

һЩŮӿһĻϦ棬ޱĽ
꣬ϦҲȣȴû̫ȣϾղſǴһȱžž㲻ʲô£ǶĻϲΪѾԼ
лл磡
Ϧܿġ
һЦϦԴɵԼĸ˵ʲôлл漴棺Ҳлһˡ
ԭҲ˵һллʱô˵ֶǽҪܵߵġллָȥЩ
ģɷˣ
˫ʱ˾ȵı飬̲סȡЦ
⵹üЩ죬⻰ɲȡЦô
쵹ǱȽȻʱƫͷ˫ЦĹȵҲˡ˵ţ̯֣ȡһչޣϱ鲼磬ҲһƷεڵʥĹãһõ
⣿
˫ʱһ죬͸Ĺһ
Ĺȵ
Ц
ɰ˫ĹȵļԼ̫ϳϸˣһ̲סԱߵһЩͨĹŮӸקȭͷ۾ˡ
⡭
Ĺȣˣ
ϵϲĺܶû
ЩŮޱȼ
˫ҲǾϲȴҲ죺˼ָĹһڣԼأ
ģһС
Ц
ڵõ˲ȻƷ
ô˵˫Ǹ˵л
ҡͷʾⲻõлЦŵһͳɡ
ʹ˫ĹһڳϵӶȣȴ⣬컹Ҫ͸Ĺңݣ
꣬Ϧ졣
쵭ЦһնĹȵĵ棬漴ȡС֮õĹ֮£漴⿪ϵƷӡʹǿǴת۱ǻָĴС̼ѣĹڵŨʹӶһֻо̹Ϻ̫ϳҲǺ⡣
⡭
һ˽ԱסˣĹʱ˲˸·ǻһɵɰ㡣
Ĺ£պĹȵøŨ˵漴һΣһöʯ両ֶݸ˫һ龧ľۺ壬ֱΪҲһЩЧԽ֮ΪĹȵĵ̡ͬʱ滹һЩͨɾڵĹͨ㲻ס
֮ǰڵڶʱõʮһڵõһϹʮ˿ȡΪĹȵĸ龧ڵڶټڵãң˿ȡһĹȡ
ͨõ׻ʳڣѰҺͽ׵ŵͨúԴ𻯵šǰص𻯵ź˳ſӡ˼ݴϣʱ򽫿ӡڵĹͨĹȡ
֮ЩΪ꣬ϦĹУȻϣĹȱǿң˫ҲǶжˮ֮ӿȪ౨ȻĹġʵϣЩ˶ԣ㲻ʲô
⡭
龧
СͨɾĹ
ĹȵĳϺ̫ϳ𺳣ѡ
˫ʯֶЩֱȥòƽĹȵļϺ̫ϳ϶һۣԺˣͬʱ䳯дͳΪĹȵȱΪĹȵĸ԰龧ΪĹȵĵ̣ͨںĹͨݶ̫ˣ죡
лʦִ
طĹȵŮҲȫǷдɫм𾴡ЩǶĹȵĴȻǶÿһӵĴϾǶĹУĹȵĸǿˣܸõСĹ龧̣ԺƱҲǽǡĹ˸õĹͨǶлĹȵܸõĴȥǵĵ㣡
һУĹش壬ЩĹȵӣҲǷ
λ𡣡һĻæͬʱֽ˫𣬵꣬ϦǶĹУǰΣʱһ֮ݻطڣ춼УЩӦġ
˫ҡͷɫ棬ˣǣĹȵʵ̫ˣǼ򵥵СĹкҵطڿ֣
ԱߣĹȼҲͷлÿ˵ı鶼ޱ֣ء
Ĺȵ̫ϳһϮɫĳۣ˿󲿷ֶѾˣһֳĺͲɣ죬ʦΪĹȲȫȱĴн䣬ĹˣĹȣǷʦͽ̫ˣ
Ĺȵ̫ϳлǸм嶼Щ
ϣˡ˵ţۼˣ˫˵ǰ֧һ£׼СǼ뿪ȥ
˵⻰Щ΢⣬ڡ
ڷڣﵱԼһңΪصϾƹʦڵţϾƹķڣңڵ̫ϳϣԼͨϣҲǴãˡ


921 ػط
Ļ˫˵ͷȻͷڵĹϵ
ϴŵЦ˫˵ãƺҲûʲô£ʹС뿪ǰȥоʯеͨ룬ӦҲҪͨںйˣвɾܲġɾڵĴйžΪͨںй䲻㶥ҲԲ
У
˫ֱӵĵͷ˵Ĳͨɾ磬ȷʵҪͨԺĹ֪ʯһܲɾǸЩ
Цʱ˫Ĺ̫ϳϵ˸漴꣬棬ѩҹϦǸߡ˵ţͺȥ
꼸˵ͷϦֱ˹ȥ첢żߡֱֳô꣬Ǽĵġ
ʦߣ
ʦЩ
ʦһ·˳磡
СϦλСʦãȻֱݣҲǵѽ
Ǿǣ
СʦãǲҪڷڲѽ
ĹһŮһʼأᵽϦʱһıͻʱͱˣڵúܡ
ЩһЦĳϦĹȺܻӭңҪǣܻ֡ӭԺĹȵĵλûаϵ
ûͣפƽ䣬ܿ߳Ĺȣڵλȥ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱǰһƬ嫵ɽһɽޱΡ룬ԶԶȥǰԼһ¥̨ͥ󣬸һΪĸо
ˡ
ǰɵ¶һĨЦ
һ룬ϴλصѾȥüˡ
棬Ƿڣ
ǰ
ͷʦڵš
ʦڵţ
Ǹ̬ʦǴɳģ
Ļ붯ݡ
һЦԡ
Ͱŷڣɫʱ֮ǰϾƹ£аնɱ壬Щ£Ǿ콾ǲ뵽һǿǴط߳ġ
˴ʱȻǿͰɫ仯ɵЩ档
ô𣿡
ʰ
Ҳûж룬ᵽĹϾƹ˵˳
ʱ䣬˶Ǿȡ
λǰԭôǿ𣿾Ȼܲôնɱ壿
̲ס
ڴȼĴڣȻڹżп֪³̶ȣϾƹҲʱӡֻǸȾƵ꣬ȻϾƹȴҲû뵽̶ֳȣȻնɱ壡
ҲǵۣϾƹ֪Ĳ࣬˿ȻҲǾȣ˵ǺʦĹͬ˰ǣȻѾ׻ɱˣڴ壬ȻҲ֪һЩǵۻʾ޵УǿĿ£ȻʦȻ׵ĻɱȴˣһʱЩ𺳡
ϼһĺǿ󣡡
Цŵûٶ˵ʲôкһǰȥ
Щпǰķ̾һ۵ţȻ߳ǵ˽ܡ
첻⣬Цǰߡ
û߶ãǰһ͵ʯףʴԼʮбϣаɡ֮ϣƣƮһ䣬⾳
ܿ죬һʯ׽ǰ
ʲôˣ
ʯǰзڵĵأǰѯʡ
һ̣˿ǰʱȴǶʱɫ
ǡʦ֣
ɫϳ죬ʵڷڵ̫شͬϾƹһ㣬൱Ƿڵʥӣڣûвʶˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʯ̨׸ɽļڵҲ𾪣ʱȫΧ
ʦ֣
Щ־ϲ
⼸ЦŵͷǣԼҪȥڡ
ʦ룡
ɽļڵ֮ɫ漴һ˸Ƿɿʯ̨ϳ壬ת۾ͽ˵º˳ûñǴڡ
ʲôʦֻˣ
ģ
죡ȥӭӣ
һʱ䣬£˽Ծ
ǰ̫ϳͨɾǿϷڣۿŷڼ٣ʱ֣漴Ϊڿӡɱ׼ȱ̫ϳϴﵽͨɾѾǰĴڡ˿Щܲ
ھڸɽ֮ϣЩӺܿͳ嵽˷ڱԵ·ȥ
ʱżһˣŷĶʯߣֱڷһڵӵҰС
ʦ֣ʦ֣
ʱ䣬ϣзڵӶ󺰣ӼЩ
ʯ̨ϣȥֻʯ׾ͷڱԵѾǺѹѹΧˣ˷ܣʹĳ֣ȫһļ˸ˡ
Сӣܻӭ
Ʋ졣

ϦҲڡŷڱԵܼӰЩ˶ΪӭܳԵ÷ǳˣΪԼֳе
Ц£ҲǼӿЩٶȣһˣܿǵϷڡ
ʱһȺڵֱΧ
ʦֻ֣ˣǶ㣡
ЩڵУв˵䶼Ҫ󣬱ţʱȴǳΪʦ֣ж֮ɫ
ǲд󣬴Ц⣬Χһڷڵ̴к
ӣ
Բϵһ˿첽ȻǷڵ̫ϳϣŷͷڵļͨϡ
æӭȥǷ񣺡̫ϳϣ
ˣǴϾƹˣϾƹʦʦǷǳء
̫ϳϽǴɫ죬вϵĳơá
졣
վ̫ϳЦ죬һʦϾƹΨһӣʱغٴμ죬ȻҲǷǳˡ
΢΢Ƿ
Сӣôϲ𡣡
ͿվڷԱߣЦſڡ
ȥǴ֮ɫЦС
ڷʱͿõĵӷЩĦͿõĵӣԭΪͿû᲻ĽѵΪӳȴǲ룬ͿòûôǱָûãΧҪԸǸʱͿսѪ֮Ϊ¼ɱһֱǵá
þǺãþǲãʲôֱӣͿǸֱܹˣݺļ򼸰ƣ漴ʵˣ⼸ûټʦСԴӵΪһź󣬾ǲˣһҲû¶棡
£Ϳĥĥһ˵ı顣
ͿϾƹ̫ϳϺͷжЩ΢⣬ֱֱ졣Ͼƹ˽ޱ
ʦںܺáЦŵͷʱѵõûнϾƹΪϼһ漴̫ϳϣ̫ϳϣʦѰʦĲл꣬Ѱú󣬿ʦ»صϡ


922 
ϴЦȴǷǳ֣أ̫ϳϺͷ˽Ծ
㣬˵ѰĲлꣿܡ
̫ϳ˶Ů
ǵġͷڵ򣬵ۼʦĲл꣬ʦһʦ»ʱ򣬻õʦعš
õĿ϶ش̫ϳϲĸˣһʱݺᡣ
磬̫ˣ̫ˡ
һ˲䣬˷·ֱ˥أһޱȲɣĸоΪŮѹԹϾƹûбʹϾƹ뿪ڣǷϰ꣬Ծƶգл»ϾƹĽҲˣ˻һõĽ֣ˣ᲻ʳ
ʦûٻ̫ˣʦ֣
Ҳ
ͿõȼϵȻҲǸˣһж⡣
СӣϢã
Ϳ켸¡
Цְο̫ϳĪҪ̫
󣬼ԼҲһЩȴڣվ󣬵ĸȤʱܵɨš
̫ϳϵ˽ƽʱȻע⵽˼ˡ
ӣЩǣ
̫ϳ죬ŵѾԼµһЩ
콫ϦǰЦŵϦǵӵãĹС˵ţѩҹŮͺԣһһΪ̫ϳϺͷԼͨϽܡ
ϦѩҹŮȻæһһݹ̫ϳϺͷˡ
úúãǺúӣ
̫ϳЦ
ӭӭ
ҲЦ
Ͼƹʦܣһ𳤴󣬺ֵûʲôҲĳúĸǵĺ֪Ȼˡ
̫ϳϣмλϣӴЩСõġ
ʱڡ
һʱ䣬ڷһ𾪺ͺȻУȡʣµ֮õڵصףʹ÷ϵʱǿʢ漴ȡһ˳ꪣΪһڵԳж֮ݸΪڵı
֮ȡöʯ䣬һöװһʮ龧һöʯװ׻ʳȴĹͨԼʮڵʮȸǶ಻ʤȫݽ
סˣ
⡭
ǷڣȻˣǡǿǴ˵еľǿ
ͨԺҲȱˣ
һڵӼѡ
лʦ֣
Ӷڣ죬ϵ֮ɫøŨˣޱ˷ܡ
̫ϳϺͷҲǼǹ
ͿôЦһļģСӣԽԽϲˣ֪㲻ú϶ֵ뿪ǵԺ㱦
΢ЩգͿԸȴҲǾ÷ǳ׽ͿȻô˵ȴЦˣҪ
ãҲеС͸ǰλϣȥɽΣ
Ц
Ϳõȼɻ󣬷̫ϳҲ⣬ȴǶûʡ
£̫ϳΪףһ˺ܿںɽ
ûԥֱȡʮ龧ڵϣʱ佻֯⡣
̫ϳϼǰͨɾλַҲﵽͨɾΨͿõĸϻվأʱȡ龧׼ǽͨɾ
¸ͿõĸϣʱʹĸǰѾվˣоϣԿͨɾܲܡ
λǰ龧
Ц
Ϳõͷƽʮ龧ϥ£ֱתķ龧
ʱĺܿ죬ʱĳڷϿգķڵӸ𺧡
ˣ
һ֯
һ죬Ϳõȼ϶ɹ٣ͨɲΡ
Сӣлˣ
ͿôЦվͨɾԪصĸ֪ԳƵһɱ䡣ңΪͨɾԪҲȵ
죬л
Ҳл
ǴտͨɣȷʵһĶݣ˶ܡ
úӣˡ
̫ϳҲɵÿڡ
񣬷ͨǿˣǰδеʢ
̫ϳˣǵӦġҡͷ漴ֵˣ̫ϳͨɾ磬ҪͨԺĹˣӽʯУһ䣬йɱͨʺ
ΪĶ׻ʳĴйžϾƹ׻ʳ˵Ϊ󣬽׻ʳĹžͱȫץе䣬ǺܲΪһ漶Ĺ
̫ϳϵȻͷȴҲż̫ϳϵһʱԸȥ׼ΪϴΪӭϦѩҹŮҲǻӭͺԡ
һ죬ϣ̫ϳϵãһֱҹʱַǽΪһ׼˷䡣
һҹܿȥ
գżڷڣΪǽܷڸ
˵Ƕǵһ
Ц
꣬Ϧ֪ڵĴڣȴǲѩҹͺǲ˵ռ˵ġڡ֡
һ콾߳ĺ˼

֣Ĵʤڵ治ʲôԴ֪ʦǴ߳ȥģͶܸȤ
һЦһ߹ڸ䡣ȻУһڵֻҪˣ㶼к֮ɫ
ʱҴңúԲ漴֡
ܿ죬һڷڴ˰¡
һ죬̫ϳϺͷ׼ż˻ر׹һˡϾүүڱ׹ĵһʦҲڱ׹ûȥһ
úӣʱ
̫ϳϵһԽһ͵ɽ¡
Ƿ񣬼Ҳ̫ϳϵٴθ漴뿪ú߳˷ںԶ
֮һ˳׹ȥû̫ñǲ뱱׹Ⱥݷ˴󽫾ԶɽԼˡ
УȻȥ˷ĺڰɭһˣѰϾ飬ϧǣһǲ
ò˵ǣôʱ䣬豱׹׼ɽ£徹ȻһͳƬͨ۹һǧҵ漴Ƭ䣬ڶĵÿһǿӡһ޴ʯϣʯϿӡһд֡棬졣
£ΪƬˡ
Ȥ


923 ж־ķ
żĻҲǲɵЩпһ׼ɽͳһƬͨ۹ҲʧΪһδ棬ʹղս֮࣬Ͼ۹̫࣬Ϊ֮侭ᷢսңܿջѰա뵽ȥʱ䣬徹ͳһ
΢΢һЦûж룬뿪׹֮»صĹȡ
ʱסĹڣƬпģﻨ㣬ƬԴ
֮ûʲôر£ʱﶼϦͼŮĹȺĹܱϷ棬һξǹȥապǼ򵥵úŮʼǸõС
ȻУﲻҪΪѾﵽ˴죬Ϧͼ꣬Լѩҹҩ䱦
ˣ
ĹһƬϦ߻Ÿֵӡâ˸ⴿ˵Եǿ翣·Ҫ˰㣬һֿ֮ˡ

һߵͷϴŵЦ
ƬΪǾĹԶĹȶԱһƬǷ֮ƽռֻĹ̫ϳϣĹͨǿԽ룬ѰӲÿСһȻĹѰӣû˻Ԥ
СϦҩеĺܲμ汸

һ߿ڣͱܹһȷʵǺܲϲҲǾԵţ˿ȡ
ò˵Ϧȷʵҩеڻͨ
䣡
䣡
һߣƵӿʱͣʱҡ
ѩҹ໥һ룬˸ͬĹâͬϢƮٵӡÿһӡƺŷǷܡ
ȻҩϢԲǿʢɻ㡣
Ůޣһ㰡
΢΢ݡ
ЦڼѩҹȻΪ˽⣬һʳˣһħ壬Ȼǲһ㡣
ˣ
һߣٵӡƮţѩҹҪһЩˣȴҲǲͬͨʿɢϢҪǿ̫ˡ
쿴żŮУЦܼܲ
䣬ǰΪݻҩ䣬תҩڶʱƮĵӡǧ֮࣬ϢҲޱȵĻЩӡϦͼ꣬棬ѩҹ֣ԼĴΪǸõҩ䡣
Ůһʲô̱øΪݻĵӡȫȥвҩ䡣
ˣ
һʱ䣬ⶼǱǿʢʩչĵӡҲӵԲ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
磬
ϦϲΪҩƿڶʱ֮ࡣ
ȻҪôء
ЦԼÿ䣬һ㶼ǫ顣
꣬ѩҹʱҲ˫񶼱ǿ࣬ҩƿͬϦǰ㣬ʱ
ϲѽ
ǰǿ˼˵ı仯ǿˣΪҲЩ
øŬأ
Ϧգ۵
һ߿ţҲǾʱǲˣһձǵΪֹһ߳Ƭ֣ϢĹȵرе
ܿ죬ҹĻ٣һձǹȥ
֮󣬽һֱúͼŮǸõУʹǵΪٵĽȻУԼҲĲ͵֮һϦͼŮһڱǿ
ˣʱҴң»صĹȣܿǰȥ֮Ŀﵽ߽ײΣҩʦˮ׼ﵽƷƿ˸͵
ģСӣ𵽴һƣүģ
ڶλõС¥ǰ
һСڿ̻ɱƣֱʮ磬Ǵһ㣬ֱӽ˵ص£˲СľŴӵص
бһۣ˵ϰӡ㲻ҪΧҷɣ㲻ܹ˭
@#
ôɱС¥ǰϰ
ɱ߽۷弶ɱ󣬷ǳǿɱǿߡС¥ǰĿռǳĹȵŮҲᵽǳʺϰȴ
ˣһ۱Ǿչȥ
֮ȫƿɱȻڼҵĴҲ̳
ߣȥڡ
ʱ֣ͺ˵
һΣûдϦͼˣֻͺԸţܿ͵˷֮ϡڵĿģΪڿӡɱĸʱһӡֺķѸʱ;ŷ֮¾ŽǸƵɱÿһǶɱǿȫɱ澳ǿߣΪڵǿơ
ֱһã뿪̫ϳϵͣлصĹȡ
صĹȺȻҲΪĹȿӡ¾Žɱ;ɱķʽʶӡĹ˵ʶУĹһ̫ϳϵ˸ܡ
֮ԼЩƽռֻǰİϦͼ
ˣתۼǰȥ
һ죬ҵɫȻͼ˸׼ؼˡ
һʱ䣬ĸ׵ľ
С
ԣ˶Ƕݡ
ȥ

Ѿ֪ĸײˣȴǲ֪˵ĸ׵ľֱղǴӰе֪ȻѾȥоʱˡ
ҲǿڣҪŰһ𣬲ȴܣΪհ׼ҵ棬ҪԱȥ󣬷ʱ˱Ҫ̫꣬꣬ˡԼȻǱҪôΪĸףΪŮΪĸ꣬㲻ʲô
ʱ̫ˣôꡣ
ҡͷ
־ᶨգһֻա
οЩ΢⡣
˶٣ڵѩҹĹȣȥȻ󡭡˵ţϦˣȻ׼ϲȥ
λصһѾһȥãԼȥϲˡ
Ҫǿȥϲ
ңʶе񽣺ܲһ㣬ԺܾˣҪϸϲ򣬽񽣽ȫ
ҪʮıݣһԼµռĿ꣬أ֤
ϦͼˣЩǸ⣬Ϊ̫á
ĻϦᣬҲᣬȴû˵ʲôĬĬ֧֡
ж־ķĻһܽ޵·߳棬澳򵽵ۻʾƵʮ졣Цŵʶ㡣


924 
żĻЩж֧ԼһҸ¡
лл
ϴŵЦȴ˵ĺ棬оů
˵ţһΣȡĸСƿֱݸϦ꣬ѩҹ
ԴǴﵽͨɾֱ֮Ӵﵽ磬ܰǧĸ֪ǿʢԺĴȡ
˵
ڵͰһѰŵԴһţʣµŽŷָˡ
⡭
Ļ˶ǳԾ漴СֱӴͨɾﵽΣһЧ޼۵䡣
պԴǵĿⶼϣ΢΢Щ˸
ǰĻ˸ϲһҪע⼺İȫ
Ϊߣ㣬ֻ׸Ϊ
һҪԼ
磬ЩСϦġ
ŮȺ󿪿ڣϦǰ죬ǲ֮ɫһѣҪֱֳˡ
СϦԡ
ϦԴ
һ죬ϧͬʱҲǿ֪˫漴Ű뿪ĹȣֱȶȥȻһȻǺѩҹһĹȣûȥϲĴ㡣

뿪ĹȺͰնУſͷϣܿǽ뵽ڣĿռŻǰ
Űʯ̨ңĹȵķн֯һƵ֮⡣
ҲҲ΢⡣
߰ɡ

ŰʱŻת˲ʧ
ͬ㣬ڰûһУ漴һռ𵴺ǰ˿˿
һŻһȫա
ʱȥһɫʯͬʱҲлɳڿƮš
ǵڶϷλõһƬڡ
С
ЩΪһʱŻĹϵÿνڶŵ㶼ǲͬҲûж룬ֱڿնŰ׼ȥ
ǴڴΣٶȻǳ죬ú׼⡣
׼мӵأ˳֣һæӭǰ
үС㣡
⼸
⼸˵ͷֱ׼ڡ
׼ûãǼ˰Ͱ׼ҼжЩׯϢ
ˡ
ɨ죬Լõ
š漴û˵ʲôʱԵñƽռ䰲ࡣ
ˡ
׼ҼȻ֪֪ЩʲôͰذ׼
Ӧõġ
˵
һ죬û뿪뿪׼ȥϲ򣬶ڰ׼ס˰աǳʱ䣬Ϊ׼ҲӡϾɱ;ŽǸƵɱ󣬲ķʽʶӡķʽ׼Ҽˡ
ɱҪȰ׼Ļǿʹð׼һЩﶼлΪһԣĴǷǳҪġ
֮һۣǾչȥ
һ죬Ͱ׼Ҽ˸׼ǰϲˡ
ϲһܼңҪСģһ԰ȫһ

ġ
ͷ
̲סƲ죬˵ŮޣɰİȵķŵɣǾ仰ô˵ţ˲ǧ꣬СӾԲʲôġ
бһۣʱȴҲûж˵ʲôٴκͰ˸𣬷뿪ڰ׼ڿնͬһɫ磬գۼʧʡ
ﶨԶȥķн֯һƹ΢΢һЩ
˶Զˡ

ġŶֳ
õĸ׵ĹڼһƬڡ

뿪׼ҺٶȺܿ죬ûйȥñڶĶͷͨʱŻǰֱӿУڵ
ȥ𻯵һˡ
˵
㡣
ſͷڵĻӦ
£쳯𻯵ŶȥٶȵҲ̫죬պ𻯵š

𻯵ͥǰŵļӶʱ־ϲԵķǳ
ܿ죬ΪĻ𻯵Ȼһڣ𻯵һ̫ϳΪһ϶˳ӭ뵽һ֮ڡ
ѩҹʱڵһ
Ϊ
ľͺáΪͷ漴ЦӦǻܿĵģɫܹĳ
һЦһĳϦദѩҹѾͼǹϵܺãԺͼһУȻ᲻ġ
죬ȥϲ֮ǰΪһ»ڴ󡣡
˵
á
ΪͷѾ֪ǿʿͬʱһǳɫĿʦ
Ǽʶ˫
ʮУЦſڡ
ЦŵͷûʲôԥΪһ߳
ʮϸ˵󣬺ܿ춼𻯵Ͽա
ˣ
ʱ֣˸ֱָԾַ𻯵ŵӡһǿʢƣÿһƶͬǾʶ㣬Ϊʮϸȡ
⡭
Ϸô꣬ҲǿĿʦĿַǵһμ
治
ʮУм˿ڣǾâ
𻯵Ͽһӡ¾ɱ漴ķѸʱ䣬ӡ¾Žɱֱȫӡú󣬷Ǵһӣ֯ŵܣʹЩȫ뵽УʽΪʮϡ
Щɱ󣬼֮ص׵ʮ£˭˶ɱ
˵
Ϊʮж貹ڵļ֮ɫ
֮󣬺ܿһȥ
峿ʱ֣׼뿪ˣΪʮϽ߳͡
̫ϳϣλϣžͿˡ쿪ڣ仰һԵΪһڵУضеӹƽȥǵĵӣϽͬУشǵĵӣϽͨ˶֣ͬʱżǿʿ֮ʿǵĵӣŵ軤Ӻͷֱѹȥ
ɫ࣬
ͣ
ȥΪ̫ϳ⣬ʮϽǷɫޱ֣ء
ͷΪͷֱת뿪һԶת۱Զȥ
ʱٶȷǳ죬ûñһƬȺɽǰ
ȥȺɽ࣬ͬһͷͷԵرмһһɴȻʢ޵Ķ֮һʳ
ʳҲЩϵһʳŰݷһĻ棬漴ûʳĿռ䴫뿪ʢޣú㽵ٵء


925 
ڴɽһһߴΡ룬ϵֲȴǲ࣬ıȽأҶͬһ㣬һַĸо
Դ˲⣬ֱճͨʱŻȥúͨʱŻﵽִӵʱŻֱӿ뵽
һǷ£ҪеۻʾʵҪô鷳

ûдֱڿն𣬳вȥ
ʱ׼ˣѰҽƬԵͨʱŻλƬв֮ڡ
ٶȺܿ죬ûйȥ̫ʱǿвһʱƬʿһ˿ǲɵúݺӡ
ⲻǵǸܻĺʧһ࣬ٴγˣ
Ĳ
һǰɱ尲սɱղƣɱвܰƵİԿռ䴫̨ߣνʮƬһʿ𺳣ȻȥһʱҲǶ
һ࣬ȥˣֱƬʧһɶ
ɲǣһʱղȺ˺üǿҪɱǿѾǴ۷壬ȴʼղҵ
кüͬģôڣֻֻˣ
ʿСۡ
ûЩˣЩ˵ȴĺ˫΢΢
յղңһȻ˼ǿ׷ɱǣŰүػ۷壬һȫ

쵹ǲ˵ʲôٶȱֲ䣬úвһԭϡ
ƬԭЩ޴󣬵ĴʯǳغɫΧûһݣûʲôֲ
ƬԭߵͷǰȻһߴʯ̨ʯ̨֮ϣһɫʣبų棬ŨϢܾˡ
ͨʱŻˡ

ûôԥܿʯ̨ϡ
վʯ̨ϣͷ۵漴һǿ뵽ɫڡ
ڰתۼ佫û
֮󣬲֪ȥ˶ʱ䣬ǰЩռһŻֱӽһһ˳ȥ
ʱһһһʯͷԵȻҲһʱŻܱвٹľʯ
ǵ򡣡
ʱڡ
֣ʮĵһ򵽵ھȥȻ
ͷط߳ȥú󿴵ĵ
ȥ󣬴ޱߣΡĸɽһ׳Ľڵرʣ·һ׳ɽӴ󻭡
ܷǷ
лһƾâ
ƿùɽƣܹоƬһɽһ֯ŵĵܾˣ
Ʋ죺ʮ򣬵ƸԽԽǿᣬûʲôֵþȵġ
Ȼ֪ʮĵƸԽԽˣƬ׳ɽӣ˶ٺԶȥȥ׼ȿһƬĵȻٿʼС
ŲӳǰȥĿɽһÿɽڶо˵޺ص𶯴աһɳĽֱӣͬħư㷭ӿһֻʯħЫһ⽻֯ʴ졣һͷƵڿն˫һչֱӵһɿ磬Բڵֲȫϣնˡ
׺ɱͨɳڵʿ

ĲӺƽЩûڴɽеޣЩԾ⵹ΪЩ޺ǿϾЩֻܿͨɾѣ̧־ܺɱ֮ԳԾΪһɽڼȲε޷ǳ࣬漸ǺôƵһЩɽڼôȼǿ޵ġ
ѽѽ
ʱһЩԲԶ
ѭȥֻžһλãһҵкһץһ֦ǰջ衣ǰһˮͰֵľźţ˫ĿͬһԵ㣬к
ѽѽҸ㣬ҿǺģҡһģ
к֦žв
Զ쿴һĻЩգͬʱҲкͦЩ˼Ҫ֪кҶѣͨôСôһʱѾŵĺˣкȴûУЩңȴûп־塣
˵ϢԪϢȣӦòͨ˼ҵĺӣĸߵУضʿ

Ȼǿһ㣬ˣкҲԣҲһ㣬Բͨ˼ҵĺӡ
㡭ٹҿҪˣġĺģƭ㣡
ԶٴδкĴ
ȻܻΪȡвȴкڿʱȻ٣ѪſСкȥлɫҺڵϡ
ѽ
СŵĶʱӣͷܣһܻһ㳯󿴡
ﬣ
Ҳʱ춯ˣնһɫ⣬Ƴն
ɫٶȺܿ죬ҷǳ˲ǽͷ­ն¡
һͷɳԶСкܵķǰ档
⽫кǸŵһæֳˣѪͷģСظֹСкæȥǼ˾ȥͷ­ʬ̧ܿͷ죬ʱѾ˹ȥ
СкСȴһЩͨĴ˶ȲϣܿܵԱߣץ½ǣСԴ죬˫ģ㽫ؾҶԲԣллѽ壬Ǻˣ
죺
۴ĸ濴ԼģɣСһȻſھͽС塱
ЦִǺ˰Цүˡ
ðߣ뽫ץϼơ
Ск۾ˣ˵㣬ɣ˵ţСк죺壬ĳԲԣܲұһ
ЦȻֹĥۣݺݵĶСкС᲻˵㿴үﳤǳˣŲү㣡
ģ׺ݣСкȴһ㶼£۾һƬǸ߾˫ֳŸ߿һҪץȥӡ
ʹľ̲ס˷ۣСһﻹǰɳˣ̬¶вһ㶼¡
쿴һĻЦȴסˡ漴һ̣СкĿСк˫ϣʱһ
ǣ
һƾâ
ϸϸһСк۾һƬЩ֣ͬΪ㣬Ⱦ¼κγ
Сӣôˣ

ɿСкӦ۾
۾۾ôˣɣСк˫ۣʱҲ¶ɫǡǴ˵еۣ


926 Դ
ֳۣ̫ۣΪһۣ۶ۣѰ˸漶ǿҲУȻܲɵǣʶͬΪ۵ۣԵ۵ĸӦȻҲͷǳټ֮һǿֻ壬һҪۻʾ֣˲ʱֱӿ˳һʱ䶼ǲɵóԾֱֱСк
С㣬ȻǸ񰡣Ȼۣ
˫۵ɵĹԲ
۶۾֮߱ܣޱȿ£˼ԴϾһսֻԶԶ˫۾ͲֲޱȡͬΪۣԱ۸ǿп׿ͨıʣ漴Էֽ飬ңдԳƣǿͨһ޳ɣͨ쳹֮ܡ
⡭
ǿ죬ʱЩ΢΢סˣû뵽Ÿոս򣬱һ۵ˣңһֻҵСк
Ск۾ۣʱ۾գգʵ壬ʲôѽۣ
Ск죬һ汦ӡ
عɫʱһЩи磡
õĴ塣Скͷգʵ壬ʲô𣿡
죺
⵹ùӣ
ǿЦִ壬ŸɶϽֻС㽲
֣һƽķɳȥ
бСкֳۣ̫ۣһĺ۾СкļӦòһ㣬пĳмĺûʲôֱӽԼ֪Ĺ۵һԽк
Ск۵۾ʱĸˣȫˣһҲûо÷˼һӸ˵ııΧתȦȦ
죺
СкΧתͨӵǹһĵĲˣʮȦͣץĿţСԴ죬Сǣ壬ѽʦòãԺһТ˳ģ
Сһ죬۾ģϣĹâ
죺
ô֪ҺΪҰ׷նξ㣿
˵
ǲǣСкҡͷСԴ죬ҼҵүүԷɵȥժƶأҼˣǣүүûпۣǰһ۾Ϳˣԣһģүү
СкֺΨģǲŸոնĸһ
СһֶԱó𰸵ķʽЩգҲǴСһĻеó˿϶Ĵ𰸣Сһȷʵĳҵˡ
ҡҡͷҲͽ
ȷʵͽ̫鷳ˣСһ̫ۣҲûʲôȤ
壬ĻТ˳ģҪԺһԣһһȵģ˵塣
СкץĿӣʹҡҡ
죺
֪Скĸǰ˵ʲôһǡһһ仰Ԣǽиͬǣ⻰Сһ³ôžͱζأʲôСԺһԣһһȡ
Ҳͽҡͷ漴ŵסģȥͽȴҲǾСһͦȤģһޱ鲼Ĵɽ䣬ʵЩΣգȻǲܽСһһ˶Ļָǰ뿪Сһͱ޸ˣղͷΪֱӵӡ
ҽҶͯӼ͵ܳ棬Ȼ󡭡·ˡСкСĹ棬漴˫ȫǽԼ͵ܳ·¸׵˾⣬۵ץĿţҡҡкҺܹԵģУ֮ǰһ飬дţ˲ԣкñңһˣԺһкܺõıӦġ
Ƥ⵹ùӻ᲻ôʲôСкܺõıӦ
Ӧкõģ
գ
ٴε
ԱߣСкЦĲء
б漴Ск˵ȥСкĻУѾóСкһҶҵĺˣˣֻҪѰƬʿһĸΪҶգǺѰ塣
Ск۾λεģֻǳĿţһֱӱסĴȣ壬ͻȻؼˣ¡
䣡
ͻȻԶһɽܼ⣬ǿʢܲĺƵķն¡¡һѣСкĻ
һܲЩǿᣬ̫ŨˣȻľΣʱǲɵöݡ
ԴĲңƺֹһԴ١Դ֯
Ŵɽķ򾪵
ԴԴܲȻǷǳϤ
Ȼһ۾Ϳ˳вɵ֮
СӣȥԴڵӦöһС̨׵Ϊ˫۷Ź⣬űߵСʱߣ֮ȥ
ŵ㾫â⻰΢΢ͷô졣
䣬ڳɫ⽫Скֱ֣ڿն𣬳ԶĴɽȥ
壬ԭҲѽ
Ск۾ˡ
бһۣûдԽɫ⽫Ŵԡ
ٶȺܿ죬úǳڴɽϿաʱվڲϳ·ȥֻŴɽڵĵر̮һ飬γһڶŨĹڶ߷ȹޱǿγɣͬ㣬ۿȥʶ
Ͻ£̮γɵĶѨԵŵӣûصףúâ濴Դ㣬֯żΪȵܡңȥȵ˴ɽڵĵرγһѨ
ͬһʱ䣬ȵСкڣָŶѨ˵ѽ壬棬ѽ
ʱ䶯ݣѨԵۼܹһĴǿ߶Կ·ʲôҲ֪̽ǸӦԴĴڣСһȻ۾Ϳ˶ѨµԴ֮˳
̫ۣȻ鴫
΢Щȡ
Сӣô
ʱڡ
콫ĿСкƿŶѨ£˵Դ
Ȼǣ˫еĹʢˣϽģȥ
ͷڿնѨϿգŶѨ¶ȥ
ȥڤĽڽӹܣ
ͻȻһԶʮӰ˹Ϊ׵һ꣬ҲǴдʱĮĶ졣
ңͬһʱ䣬ֱӳ̧֣նʮâ
ﬣ
һʱ䣬̶Ľصʮâٶÿһǽ֯ž˵ɱϢ֣һֱӶ׼ԱߵСк


ʮ 


927 һָɱ
ɫ΢Ե޹ʶҲͰˣȻһĺӶŹЩ
ģͨɾѣҲôţ
ĥ
ڳһƬɫ⣬ʮâȫ顣
һĻĺʮʿһ
⡭ղȻֻʥӳڤɱ⣬ҲնɱһͨǿˣȴǱ
ںʮʿȡ
ЩʿڤĽڣȻڤĽһʥӣ쵲ڤɱһĨ⣬ɫøĮ΢ʱøǿɱ⻷ƶȻҪ˴ڶ
ѽ壬ǸҪˣ
СкҶͯĴȣצһĳ캰
ųĺ꣬ɫĮָ⽣â£Ҫն
һ̣ĿӺƿбɽļ
ͬһʱ䣬һǿʢܲԶ֣Ӱٳ
طѪҪˣ
һЦԶλô
ЦīԪ
λôһ
תۼѣλúλͬʱʮӰλһսµΪףλһΪףͨɾ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ɽ⣬һӰʿԶ۾
ţɽµԴΪͶƵرͬɹϲ񷣬ʹøʿӦˣʱ붼嵽
ʱ嵽Ĵ඼ɢޣŴɽ̮γɵǸѨо֯ŵǿʢ⣬ЩʿǼѣΪѨԵܹѨ¾ʲôƾôǿʢܣǶܲµõѨһŷǳ˵ĶֵԹһʱ䶼Щ
ȻʱЩʿҲǷ죬ϾλڶѨϷ
˭һӣ
˭ҪҪǶѨµĶ
·ܣǿ˵һڳλ£Ҫܵõʵ
˫۷Ź⡣
ߣʱһԶڤĽڵĺɫĮԵ÷ǳ䣺ڤĽڽӹܣ˭Ҵ⣬
飬ʱʹһɢһ̧ͷ˹ȥ
ǣ
ڤĽڵʥӣ
ô
һʱ䣬Щʿɫǲÿ˼֡һʼЩʿ嵽ĿⶼǶѨûɨܣԲڤʥӣڷ죬ΪվڶѨϷ벻С
ڤʥӣ˵ڤĽڵģڤĽڵģΪǵۻ𣿡
λһ꿪˵гһɫȡ
Щɢȥһ
īԪʥӣ
Щ˾ȡ
󣬶λôһĿЦսµ꿪ڣһΨҶ̬˭ģƾʵ˵˵ҵģѪɵģ
ʿѭȥɫٴζݡ
ǡѪɵʥӣ߾ͨɾ죬ͬǶ֣
̲ס˵
һʱ䣬طɢޣɫһٱ䡣
ڤĽڣīԪѪɣ̵ôСǵʥӣȻҲˣ
Щʿȡ
ϵľʧɫֶǱЩÿΪĶѨµĶȴڤĽڣīԪѪ̶ڣһʥҲڣˣⶴѨµĶĻǵķݣ
ѽ壬˺öµˣ
ѨϿգСҶͯĴȣɽڵһʿǡ
ɫƽû
ʱڣΪܣڤĽڣīԪѪɣƬĵεʵ൱ڵĹǵˮ׼
۷壬һ򵽵ھȥԣʵֲȻ˽⡣
ͷ⣬ĮɨڤĽڵĺ꣬漴½Ŀ·ĶѨϣ·ȥ

ԶһϮµڤʥӶʱһֱϣɱ⽻֯
λôһߣīԪʥһȣҲǳѨȥ
٣
λãѪɵʥЦս½֯ڹ⣬һǶѨ
ڤʥӶ죬Ŀһ̧ɨٵɱ⣬ȫ졣
·
īԪʥĮŶѨϵ죬һӣƬɱϮ
Ѫɵʥ׿ֱӺһɱȭ⣬ͷ­ѹ¡
ʱ䣬պ¡¡Ť
⡭
ɢļ£˵Ĺ
ɵɵʥѾųҪȡطȻȥǶѨע⣬ºˣǵʥһֺɱ
ˡ
ϻʣ
˶ҡͷ
Ҳʱ˻ɱѾٵǰ
ѽѽ
СҶͯĴȴУʹŲӣĴȱĸӽˡ
ɫĮɫâӿһҲ
һ̣˵ɱ⹥ϣ̼⣬ϵĿռȫڣԿܵҲǸֳһѺۡ
ˡ
ôǿڤĽڣīԪѪɵʥڳ֣һôܵ
˵ʼʱôվǶѨϷģ
⻹򵥣ӦȵڤĽڵ̵˲ŵ
Ӧ
ʿСۡ
ѽ壬ǻ𣿡
ͻȻһӶѨϷд
ʱʿԱɫ
ǣ
Ǹղű˴ϵǸͯ
Ǹû£⣬Ҳ˵ǸˣҲû£
ֱۡ
ЩˣڤʥӣīʥӺѪʥҲǱɫͬǶĸԴ̵ĵҲžȣһ̶ѨϿա
ȥѨϿգɢâƣȻ½Ƕûһ֡
⡭
̵ʥһִɱ⣬ȴȻ˵ֺ
ôܣ
һɢľ
ڤʥӣīʥӺѪʥҲݣ漴˵ɫ΢˼֡
еʵ
ڤʥڣǣһڹƵ󽣡
һʱ䣬ܵĿռһ̮ɱ磬š
ǡڤĽĴ֮ͨһڤ
ʿɫ
СҶͯĴȣ۾ɵĹԲ壬ѽ
бСƨûʶʲôүܷ
鵭Įڤʥӣֵ̧һâ
âȥƽٶҲ죬ȴŴݿѹڤʥܣʹһ顣
ʱڤĽڵʥֱӱɫϵĮ̼仯𾪣㡭
ۣ
â֮⣬ֱӽѹķ顣


928 
ڤʥըѪƮڿУʱʹطʿ󾪡
⣿
ڤʥӣˣ
ˣ
ʿɫ䡣
ǿڤʥӣ߾ͨɾ죬ȴȻһָ͸ˣ
ʱ򣬾ѪɵʥӺīԪʥҲǱɫǱסˡ
ʥӡôܣ
ڤʥӶڤĽڵʿ־ֿŭһʥӣȻط˸ɱˡ

һŭڤĽڵûסһ׼ɱ˹ȥ
¡һռ䱻ѹùŤҲǷͬһ㡣
쵯ָâɹ׼漴ֵڤĽڵֱ顣
һʱ䣬طһʿĲˣɫٱ䡣
ղˣڤʥӵʦܣͨɵڶ죬ȻҲ˸
ֻǵָѣ͡
⣿
ʿ𺧡
ͬһʱ䣬ڤĽڵʿʱ죬ȫֻʣ˿־塣
ۣĺҾˣʦˣʦϡСҶͯĴȣһĹ⣬ûֵٰ㡣
ԶīʥӺѪʥӶǶ죬ɫһ̶Щء
ʵף֪ʦһ
īʥӳʵ
һߣѪʥǶ죬ʵʱûóȻ֡
ɨˣǣղɱң
죬⻰īʥӶʱһ첻ش⣬㷴ʣȻȫûнС
£δЩ̫ˣΪԼѾ¼޵𣿡
īʥӵ
Ŀֱīʥϣֱ̧һӡ
ʱȻһһ쫷絴һīʥɨʮԶ
ʥӣ
īʥӶīԪĵӱɫһ
īʥӹ䵽ʮ⣬ӿѪ־ֵֿĶ죺㡭ͨɾ죬ȴƷ綼ס˿ˡ
춢īʥӣͶɱ֣˵ţ˭һЩ
˵ţֱ̧֣һâ
â켫˲Ϣֱûīʥüģʶķ顣漴һ̣īʥӵըѪˮ䣬ȾһƬ
ʥӣ
īԪ˵Ӹ֣һʥӣȻҲɱˣ
ԶʿȻҲǶݣļ¡
ڤĽڵʥӣīԪʥӣȻȻ
˽Ȼ
ʱѪʥӣղҲɱ֣ڣҸᣬǸҲɱ㡣
ԣѪʥӶʱɫһǸôܣ죬ĵ̫Դˣû㣬ɱڤĽڵʥӺʦܣɱīԪʥӣѾǵٶҶ֣㽫һԵ
ĿѪʥϣû˿仯вң
㲻вֻǳһʵѡ
Ѫʥ
ޱ飬˵ʲôֱ̧֣Ѫʥӵһɫ⡣
Ѫʥɫ䣬û뵽쾹в⣬ֱӳ֡

ҧٳһڵӻ壬ͬʱٳˣâ
ֻǣɫܳѹͬʱֱӽϵȫˣֻ˳һԶͲܶˡ
죬жʱ˿־壺ס֣
ۣ
ɫ鱦ӣĻ۵һ֮ķѡ
ʥӣ
ѪɸӸ󺧣ڤĽڵʥӺīԪʥ֮һʥӾȻҲɱˡ
ͬʱطʿʱļ£ʱһҲ²
ΨСҶͯǹĴȣһСǳݣԴ죺ʦѽ
бСƨ˵˲ӣҽʲôʦ
ʦ
СҶͯһʮּᶨı飬ϴȥΪЩɰ
ɵ÷˷ۣôСһˡ
û⣬ʱطڤĽڣīԪԼѪɵӣɫƽĮ
ʹ̵ĵӶһ˶ɵúˣɱ֡
㣬ô
ѪɵһӿڣֹסĶ£ʵǱŵˡ
Ŀɵĵϣֻɨһۣ漴ջĿ⡣
ѨϿգָ붯֯һƻ⣬һʱʱ䣬Ͽӡһ߽׼ɱһɱԼϢķ
ģҪ
ܵһʿ˵
ҪȥѨԴǲ˴ţʱһɱһɱ󣬱Էģ漶ǿҲȫܵסͬʱµڶѨµУ»ᱩ¶ʲô
֮⸽ˣƿѨԵܹû붴Ѩ֮¡
գۼѣӰʧ˵ҰС
û붴Ѩ£طһʿǸоЩǼͷϱжһʯ㡣ЩȴǴ𾪣ڤĽʥӣīԪʥӺѪʥӸըĵطĺĸо
ڤĽڵʥӣīԪʥӣѪɵʥӣȻɱˣ
ֻһָѡ
ôô󵨣ȻȺɱڤĽڣīԪѪ̵ʥӣһҲ֮󱨸׷ɱ𣿣ңʵ̫ˣ
ȥҲͶʮӣͬкû˵ôһ˰
⡭
ʿĲ
ʱŶѨķʿǴļ֮ɫ
УЩʵҲ붴ѨȥѰ뵽Ŀʵ뵽붴Ѩǰ˵ĻһҶЦһһָͷܵͨɾǿߵˣһȥǣ
ڤĽڣīԪѪ̵ʿǻ̿־壬ʱǺˣѭһԶȥǵʥӱɱˣҪȥһĳϺˡ
ֻתۼѣ̵ʿ뿪Զ

ɽڣѨԵʣס˵ҰʶԿ
ʱѨ֮£·Ŀռ䲢󣬺ȻҲΪԴͳŸոγɡⶴѨ£ŵ˸һƵĳӣܿƿ·һЩʹԴԻҰС
ȥԴͬеĵطѾۼһĶȫ֯ɡ
ҶͯԴ۾ģСԴ죬һ汦ģʵʦʲôѽĴ
бʦ
СһԴҡĸ˹һʦʦʦɱҪҡ
죺
⵹ùӣ
ʱԴԻռڵܱŨ˼㣬·𽻻һƬޱȾˡ
벻طȻԴ֯ţʵ׬ˣǣүֱܹӽС̨ף
˫۷Ź⡣
ҲоâԴСҶͯҪҶ
СҶͯԣȴǻ·ܲԴĺǲСܶԴ֮ڣܻѡ


929 
ĻСҶͯͷģһ棺ʦİɣҺܹԵģһҶһҲ
죺
Скһı飬Щա
ֶСҶͯ䣬ǰԴȥ
˷ܵĵͺһĴųС
ʼһУһһ㶼Ǹо̹ͨëſ
Դ֯һ𣬾ǲһ㣡
˷ܵĹ
ûдк󣬵һʱһλ漴ת̫ľʼܵԴ
໵ĽҲʼתžʹԴٳӿȥ
һʱ䣬ԴǷǴϵĺڷһ㡣
ˣ
â֯ӿԴڣÿһѪ⣬ͬҲһС
ʱɢϢһɫҲǽǿʢ
ѽ
ȻһԴԱߣСһѹоǿʢԴԵúܻϲȫһܵԴһʱ䣬Դӿȥֱӽ֮û
ܹоһУһЦʹԼľ߶ȼУԴͬʱҲʼԼĴһƵĵ֯
ǿʢԴԼǣһߴһϵϢǿĸ죬漴ڽ֯ĴҲԽԽǿ
תۣŸʱȥ
ʱĽɫʹԽŨ㣬漴üǹâ貣һɾ˵Ļܽ֯˳
һ̣һһɰڳĴâʱøǿʢɫҲ˲Ϣ䴿ࡣ
أ
ۣһƾâһš
Դ֯ŵ̫ŨˣֻǾŸʱѣŨԴǿͻƵ˴죬ʱֻоǿһ˿ѪӻڵͬǹƺӰ㷭Ҳǿʢ
ʦʦ
ǰҶͯ۾֣Ĵ۾գգġ
ҶͯʼվһʼǸطûҶС㻹ȷʵͦ˵ͷ漴ٴαۡ
ʱԴʣһ룬׼һ´ΪԴʣԼ
΢˫ۣ̫ľתĸһЩ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ĽâͬǽɫһԾĹҲŨ
ܿ죬һʱȥ׹˴Ϊ
УҲ۲ԴԵö񵰣öһҲûнҪѵĺۼ̲סЩȡ
Сһ׵Ҫɶƿǳ

һ㣬СһҲ˲ˣ񵰵ĵȴʼûҪѿףЩ졣
ֻһҲܹĳСһʵǷǳһ㣡
治֪Сһʲô

ʱܵԴʣ²٣˶٣ҡҡͷ󣬼ʼ

Ѩ⣬֮ǰɢ޲ȥʱΧܣǶѨ
ǸѾȥʮʱˣһϢо治֪浽ʲôĺñ
ʿ
һʿŶѨλãжй֯š
ȻѾǹȥʮʱʱǲǿȥ
С
⻰һʿǶݣеĹøŨֶܿҡͷ
˰ɣǸ̫ˣң֮ǰ˵ĲҪѨóȻȥŭˣʱ򡭡
һʿڣȻû˵꣬˼ȴǶ˶ǶԴ˵ͷϾʮʱǰǿɶۼʶĿֲʱ治ԼȥǶѨ
ˣ뿪ɡ
ǰ
Ե
˶ҡͷ
ʿתԶȥ
䣡
ʱԶͻȻӿǿԼд֯С
ȥӰ֣ÿһλ϶ʮˣҶдǿ߾Уĵ򲨶ʵ̫ˣطʿһһЩԭѾ׼Ҫ뿪ʿɵֹס˽Ų
ǣ
ǡڤĽڣīԪѪɵˣ
̵ʥӱɱ֮ǰ̵ĵӳظԵţʱ˸Ĵǿߣ
ʿǶݡ
¡¡ģպһ̣Զλϵȫ嵽ط
ڤĽڣǿߣ⡭
īԪҲǣ
ѪɣҲǿˣ
Ǹһĳϼ
񡭡ĶǴڶ죡
Щʿľ
ʿˣʱǺ̵ĴǿΪζԼһʥӱɱЩȻɱˡ
̵ĳϸϵдŭɱ⣬ֱӶǿڶѨ
ϣ˾ǽ˶Ѩ£
ڤĽһָŶѨ
ͬһʱ䣬īԪѪɵĵҲڣָǿڶѨЩӶ֮ǰŸһʥˣۼǿڶѨС
ʱ̸ϣ϶Ǵž˵ɱ⡣
ӣɳˣ
Ѫ˵һԶһʿʵɱ⡣
Զһʿļ£æҡͷûС

Ѫɵ½ĿƵѨеɱøŨ
ȥץסƤƣ

ڤĽںīԪ˵ļ϶ŭݣУڤĽڵһϵһǿںڶ
ϷҪϣ
˫΢죬ǿڶѨͬʱֱ̧նһԽǿڶѨ»ȥ
וּһԽգۼ䵽ѨʹطһʿһȽ
ʿСǴǿ߰նһƣǸȻӦҲǵ
䣡
ʱѨմ𶯣ֱӴʿĻ
ȥڤĽڵǴնĻѨʱ䣬ѨϣһƸֶÿһͬһ㣬ɢżΪ˵ɱ⣬ǽڤĽǴնȥĻԽķ顣
ͬһʱ䣬ܼһɱһ֣Žնķ򣬷ڤĽڵǴȥ
ʱ˶ɫΪһĻ
նڤĽڵĴϸǼһһʱоĪвٳˡֻǣɱ̫ˣٶޱȾˣԱֱܿӱ˸ʵʵ̵ĵըϡ
ϣ
ڤĽڵһڵӱɫڳҲһɫ䡣
ͬʱīԪѪɵļԼһڵҲǶݡ

ŭڤĽڱǸйǺʮԶѵɫò԰࣬еŭɫҲǱøŨȻУһ˿ڵľ塣
ԶһɢǸľɱ󣿣
ЩʿŶѨһɱƣ̲סȻ
УʿͻȻ뵽ʲôǸˣڽ붴ѨǰʱڶѨϿ̻ʲôǾȻڿ̻ɱ󣿣
⡭ǸˣһǿĿʦ
ʿļ¡
ͬһʱ䣬Ѩ£Դ˫ۣ΢һš
ڶѨпһɱһɱ󣬴˿˿ɱΪ֮Ȼܹоĵ


930 ̧ɱ
ԴУоŶѨϵɱƵĲ΢⽻֯ȴǲû⣬û˿仯
͸ѨϵµƵĲо˵ΪΣ죬Ȳεʵµɱһɱǰûʲô𣬶˿Ӱ졣
ͬʱҲܲµ˭֮ǰնɱ̵ʥйأ̵ˡ
ʦôѽ
ҶͯԭأۣʵĴ۾һգһգġ
ΪѨϲɱһɱͬʱԣ޷ݵ·СһǸо
ҶͯСһеġʦѾѵþˣʵǾ
ûʲô

䣬±˫ۣ̫ľתĸ죬⽻֯ŵĽâҲǿ
һʱ䣬ܵԴͬǹ㳯ӿȥ

Ѩ֮ϣһƽ֯ͬƣɱӯҰ˽𾪡
ɱ󣬲򵥣
ڤĽڣīԪѪɣ˵ĳɫǶʱһǶǴǿߣʱȻǸо˶ѨɱĿ¡
ڤĽڸղűǿߣԴղɱϮֱѹһУܶգۼǱ
һ֣ɱ󣡡
ѪɵһϺ
ͬ⣡оŸǿߣһ֣Ƶʱ򣬶Ҫ
ڤĽڱǴϵһͷɱ³˴ʱԹŭӣѪɳϵ飬ȻΪͬ
ã
īԪҲͷ
ʱ䣬˵Ĵǿͬʱ֣â裬ͨӿ֣ܵһŤҲĲԶһʿĲɵöˡ
飡
ͬʱȣԵͨһŶϵеЩɱѹȥ
ʱײһ𣬱⡣
ڤĽڱǳŭǰڶѨµĻɱŨľˣԺϷҪ
䣡
Ѩ֮ϣɱƺɱһ𶯣һ˵ɱ̼Ǵ˽˵Ļֱӽ˺ɨͨѹķ顣
ɱƺɱٴζɱͬһ㳯ž˵˹ȥ
ǣ
˽Դʧɫû뵽Ǿ˺ͨȻ̼㱻ѹķ飬ܼɱŷѹ
ˣ
̲סе
˷ɿˡ
Ȼɱһɱ֯ɱһ˿Զ㿪ûһȻܳȥȫ㵴ɱɨУ顣
ϣ
̵ĵͬʱɫ
ͬʱԶһʿøĺˣΪѨϵɱ֮еͷƤ顣

ը鿪ľŸǿ߽־ŭŲȱѪˣԶٴѨϿյЩɱʱжǸֳ˼ɵ;塣
һʼڤĽˣŭ֮ɫŨΪŸǿһ֣׻鶴Ѩϵɱ󣬿û뵽־Ȼˡ
ɱԶĿ£ܵЩʿƺ붴Ѩǰ̣㿴һǳǿĿʦīԪ˵һϿڣǿƲɱʱܣ߳߳ɱķΧٺ֮ѹ
ԣ˶ͷ
ʱ򣬲ҪκοĻᣡ߳ɱΧֱȫ⣡
ڤĽڵһϵ

Ѩ£ĬĬĽâԽԽŨâҲԽԽǿ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱطԴĸɾٴ˫ۡ
һʱ䣬ɫâ˫һû
жΡ
΢΢¶һĨЦ⡣ԴڲյʱΪֱӴӴڿжΣջʵںܾ޴
үֱӿС̨ףˬ죡
ĺʱӴ˴죬ջһˡ
бһۣû˵ʲôӸɿݵԴ˳ȥ
ʦ
СҶͯ˵Ľģ۾գѽգȴûжʵʵһʼǸλϣΪǰ߹ҪҶ
첻ɵһЦСһ˽ʦ⣬ĵǻġ
СҶͯԱߣСһԴˣԶˣȥ
รСҶͯվֻཱུС֣ǱסĴȣ׼ʦϷˡ
캹գʵȫСһУСһﱧġ
Ҳû˵ʲôСһﱧĴȣӻڿգŶѨϿնȥȻǸԱߡ
תۼѣһԽѨԵܹ³硣
ʱطʿһ
ˣ
̲סе
ͬһʱ䣬Źɾɱ⽻֯ڤĽڣīԪѪ˵Ĵ뽫Ŀϣеɱ˿Ҳڡ
ǣ
ԣɱǵʥӣ
ǣɱ
ͬһʱ䣬̸ͨӶ󺰣ɱŭ⡣
ѨϿգɨЩкһۣɨŸɱ⽫ĴʿҲ֪ڤĽڵ̵ǿߣǱһʼط̵ЩͨΪǸһʥӵ֮ǰӦĶѨɱ󱻿ȻҲŸǿйء
СӣѰˡ

ûдɱɱͷ󣬳Զȥ
ˣͲ⣬
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ̵ľŸϵһʱ䶯ˣת۽Χ
ҪκοĻᣡ
ܣ
ѹ
ûԥǶ֣ʩչֱͨӽʮռ
ߵǸСҰֱɱʱ¡ڤĽαѨɱĴ϶죬еɱˣŭԹͶɱ̵ʥӣɱҵҪƤ꣬ó
˵ţ˵һֱ֣ӳͨ죬СҶͯһС
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ֣ͨһѹһ
ʱܵĿռ¡¡죬˵֮ͨͬӰ׹
Ÿǿһ֣˺Լ˶Ѩɱɱƣ⡭ܵס𣿡
̫ˣ
ȻڣǾŸǿһڶְ
طһʿĲ
Ÿǿһ֣ǵ̫ڿ£һЩͨʿУֱڻ췣һ㡣
䣡
ռ˵ͨɱȫһǰˢˢѹ¡
ԴˣıһƬĮɫӿһ
ʱ䣬͵𣬾Ÿǿ߻ӳͨȫ顣
ޱ飬ĿڳΪͳҶͯΪСҰֵǸڤĽڳϣֱ̧֣ûһֻ޴Ľɫӡְͬ䡣
ڤĽڵ̼ɫ䣬ӭѹĽɫӡֻои˹˲ˣ˫˲䱻
ס֣ҡ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ڤĽڵϱһ飬Ҳһ١


931 һ
ѪƮڿУͬʱɫ
ϣ
ڤĽ˵һڵӾڤĽڵĳҲɫ䡣
ǿһǿ߰Ȼһƾͱ
ôܣ

Զһɢ޶죬ȻǿߣҲǱһĨɱ
Ǻεȵս
һǿУû˵ôһ˰
Ĳ
ʱΧ˸ǿ߶΢ȫһɿ־壬û뵽վǰ쾹Ȼôǿһƾ˸ǿߡ
ʲôˣʦһ
ڤĽһϼǿ߶죬ͳ˫ȭһ˿⣬ͬʱҲŨҵɱ⡣ɱһʥӣɱһʥӵʦܣɱһϣôܻûɱ⣬ʱ޲˺죬һʱȴǱǿʵǰˡ
ƫͷˣû˵ʲôϻֱ̧֣նһ콣⡣
וּһ콣ٶȼ죬ֻգۼƵǰʥѹ䡣
ۣ
ڤĽܵĶûüֱӱѹķ飬ͬʱ֮Ҳһһ֮±٣
һʱ䣬طٴαɫ
һǿߣһ
˶¡
Χ߸ǿ߳ױɫαһɱһǿߣĺˡ
㣬㡭
̲סˣ˶ͷѾ亹еɱȫ˿־塣
ĿϣһƬĮ
ڴʱܴܴĻ壬ΪٽӴﵽжΣڣҲûĶ֣Ȼǰ벽漶ǿˣҲסУûнǰ⼸˷С
ңӶѨгʱѾǴɱΧҲ̵֪ˣֻʱûдѣֻҪǲ֣ȥ⡣ڣ⼸˳˹ҪɱôȻͲ顣
ƽ̧֣ɫӿߵ콣֣ͬʱ֡
ûʲôֲѹǣȴֱӱɫһʱов
īԪһϼǿ߿ڣ飡һж̡
ﬣ
̶ֱӴ˽Ļ
ߵ콣նٶȿ켫תۼ䵽ͷѹȥ
ۣۣۣۣۣۣۣ
ߵѪͬʱըȾһƬգ˽궼ûѣһ콣¡
ʱ䣬ط˶ǳױסˣһҲ²߸ǿߣ̧־͸ĨɱˣǸоֱնһ㡣
ԶڤĽڵ̵һȺͨӸ֣ʱֹסĲ
ƫͷ̵Ⱥͨӡ
ʱ̵ͨǺݺ̲סˡʱӭЩֻоǱħסһ㣬඼Ҫˡ
̵ĵӣû˵ʲôջĿ⣬Զȥȥ
ԴѾȫɾûµıҪ
תۼѣСҶͯ߳ȥԶʧһ˵ҰС
ֱʱطһʿǶ˿ڴ˲˲ϵ亹
ˣֱǡ
̫̫ˣ
Ÿǿ߰Ȼתۼ䱻ɱ˸һɶǺεȳ̶ȵսѵǴ澳𣿣
ȥʲôòϹŶһʿѣɣʵ
ȻǼŮǣҲԶԶȲ˰ɣ
һʿ뿪ıӰļ¡
ڤĽڣīԪѪɵһڵһҲ²뿪ķ򣬸־壬Ȼֹסķ

뿪Ѩգܿ߳ȥ˺ԶԶԶ뿪ɽ
ʦĺѽһ
СҶͯĴȣ۾ģ˫һĹʡ
бһۣû˵ʲôúա
СҶͯʱɿĴȣԼ·ǸһԱߡ
ʦȥѽ
Сһʵ
ؼҡ

ŲӣǰмʿӭǰȥѯƬҶңܿǵó𰸣ƬֻһҶм壬ƬĲελƬıλãеǿ߾ڰ벽澳硣
ʦ㣬ؼҡ
СҶͯСԴ졣
㲻ˣĸż

Сһһ¾ͰȻףΪͨ˼ҵĺӣĶܶ࣬Ȼ˵Ļ
ţʦģ
Сһĵ
첻ɵ¶Ц⣬СһԴűλõҶȥ
ʱڵλþҶڲ̫ңԶҲͲûգֻУľƣҲġ
ú߽һƬСֲ֣ŨҲǲףɽ
СҶͯܣ۾λεģѾԶú˻żöɽݵǰʦԹӡ
΢ЦҲȡһöҧһڣ΢ֻЩͨĹӡ
СҶͯʱԼҲץһö
ƬСڵĿǳ£쿴ܵļ򵥲ľƽͣ˵Ϣ㣬·ǻһΪͨķ˰㣬ͽǰȥ
ʦ̫أߣ죡
ҶͯԱߣߵ£æ쳯ŵĵط
ЦСһԼߵĵطǰȥ
ʦ۲ۣҸ㴷ȡ
ʦǱйأȥժţġ
ʦʲʣǱɽȪţȥȡˮ
һ·ϣСҶͯԱߣʱ۲ۣʱȥΪժɽʱཱུ˫ȪˮݵǰǽԼ·ŪģС϶ЩںۡȻˣСһ۾ȴɺ
ĴųԱߣʱ̲סڣ˵СӣҪɣƿصйžԼͨܶ࣬ҸһЩҲǲġңСƨۣƵѰ磬һӣµĹžͨضϴŹʡ
ڣԶ˶٣ߵСҶͯʵȫΪĻݶͽ˼ΪСҶͯǳɡ
СҶͯ쿴ԼС϶ʱεɫʦһܹԵġ
ĬŴһ֮ɫԼСҶͯκ󣬵˵ͷ
ðɡ
¶һĨЦСҶͯ
һ·Сһܻãֺܹɣһժɽһɹĵطһ۲ҪȣһȥɽȪȣЩݡ
ңСһۣ۾Ҳȷʵ˵Ѱ磬һӣҲȷܲԶŵһЩѰѰ


932 壬
ͷͬ⣬СҶͯúܸˣʱıΧתȦȦת˺üȦƺЩʲôܵǰ৵ľ͹ȥʦã
СһﶮıȽ϶࣬Ҳ֪Ҫʱı档Ͼ仹СۣСԵЩɰ
첻ɵһЦСһԴ֮
СһٺٵЦץĿţȻСԴ˶ٺ󣬴ؽеáСһǼǵãղ˵š
Ӵǳˣ

СҶͯСʱ΢΢һ죬Щ˼ϾСӣҲһ˲ԣǺܿЦ
ˣ߰ɣҸεĵط

СҶͯȥҶҵķߣúѰһɽ˽ȥ
ɽ߲󣬵ҲСʮƽк󣬾ֱʯȡһҩ
ʦʲôѽ
СҶͯʵ


СҶͯ꣬ף·ʼ̫ʺϣϾĺӣľȶ̫ۣܺܺõĳУͨĵر壬Ҳǲ˺ܶ࣬ЧޣΪͯĵرȽϲϱǿ֮ЧҲ̫롣
Ȼϱǿߣָ£ϵǿǵۻʼǿΪ֮Ѫ;ǣǾˣϵǿѪ;ǣûκĵرҲܾ߱ЧĺҲֱ·ʼԵó
ûдﵽϣûǵȼǿӵеǿܣǣƿҩҩ䣬һֱɹǵΪƷ۷弶ѣСͯӵЧ뵽ͯѪ⾭УдѪ⾭ǣܹﵽǿѪ⾭һЧ
ڵһһʱĵѾǴﵽƷΣȱ
СҶͯһߣּâ˸ȡһһıҩ֮ڣ̳ЩĻڻеľȫȡ
ˣ
ɫ˸ǿʢЩʹҩڵĵҲΪ֮ǿ
̫ͽ鷳ȻˣǾһᾡľҪԼĵϡ
ŵĻһһεĴֱȥʱͣ
ʱ򣬵ϨҩƯһöĴָǴСıϽ֯һȦȦĹŨҩƮ˳
СҶͯվԱߣ۾ģĶöƯѽ
ЦһֽöɹǵȡݵСҶͯǰ
죬ȥ
˵
СҶͯ۾ģʦǸҵѽ
Ȼģƭ
Ц
СҶͯʱЩæͷһſھͽеɹǵ¡
£ӻЩʹ㲻ҪҶ

СҶͯæܿСͺʼЧʹСӲɵ΢΢ƺǺܡСһĻܻʹȴǽҧأ¶ѾкˮҲڵһҲ
һĻ΢΢ЦͬʱаԵͷСһԺ⡣
תۣʱȥ
ʱСҶͯҧŵɳһɫɢһɵĳζ
ɰСһһȴ򶨣űӣͷ졣
û£ʵ˳
Ц
̧֣ɫƵСһ֣СһĺɫȫߣͬʱҲݻˮԴ֮ܣΪСһϴһϵ
ʱСһֱùСøˣԼб⽻֯
Сһ֣צգգۣվͺĴ۾øˣȻܵɽһߣһӽٽصĴʯֱӸ
£Ҫ֪һĺӶԣӽٽʯֱǺǳ࣬ڣСҶͯȻصʯ
ⱦЧǹˣ

ͷЦȻϾҩĶǾеһ
⵹Ҳǡ
ͷ
ŴһǾ춯֮ˣҩھŴ֮һĵȻӵԶͨܡ
һСҶͯĴʯֶ£ܻߣСԴ죬˵ĵʦʦҸо˺öö࣡
ЦٴοڣСҶͯվñ𶯣漴üļƮһ⣬ɿûСҶͯüģʹСһʱһɵ֡ʱ̫ľСҶͯԺͬʱСҶͯһתסȹž
ΪСһۣԣƿصĹžУ̫ľʺСһʱԼСһʱת̫ľʹСһľʱʼһֱʱȥ󣬷ͣ
졣
Աߣֹ
ɹǵΪСһѪ⾭ǣСһĿ·̫ľСһתʹСһֱӴﵽء
СҶͯգŴ۾оˣоԼˣ˷ܵĶʦʦҾԼһѽңԴ˺ö
ͷ̫ľ˵ţСҶͯɫɫ࣬ЩԸס׹κ˶ĵҲУһҲ͸¶ף̫ľΪ̫Ϲŷ̫ڹˣֵԶԶȱĻԪ챦һй¶ȥ
ӣСҶͯӣȻͷҶͯ˭˵׶ߣ
һЦ˵ͷСһԴ
߰ɣؼҡСҶͯʦʱֻ㹦еһĳ̶Ⱥʦȥ㣬սͨ
ҩСһ߳ɽߣűλãĳǰߡ
һֱͽУƣɽľľ
ˣת۱ʱȥ
һ죬СҶͯһ޴ۡǰȥۡͤ¥в׵֯УǰϿһġҶ֡
ʦҼأ
СҶָͯǰ˵
ͷСҶͯǰҶȥ
Ҷɲʱ򣬸ۡȴһɳصķΧʱʱдŽɫ˳ڼȵѰʲô
ֻǿһ۾ܴƶϳһЩҶһѰСҶͯСһڵݵǲһ㣬丸ĸһҶҵֱϵԱֱϵҲӦǺеλ
߰ɡ
СҶͯƽܿҶŽǰ
Ҷŵļӵǰѯʣһ̱ǱɫŵСҶͯ
Сү
һҶӵܾ


933 
ǣŵСҶͯҶͥǰļŵǸ˻ˡ
СүɻˣҶ˺մ˶ˣ
һҶҵŵ˵
СҶͯ⻰²µҶӵܿеҶ˭ֱСҶͯĸ׺ĸס
ȻСҶͯʱ۾΢Щʶֹס
ҶҼŵĵӶǵͷ漴Ŀⶼϡ
Сүǣ
һʵ
⼸˼СҶͯȻǲдһʡ
СҶͯæͷܿĵĽܵʦѽ˵ţСһգգ۾żŵҶҵʵҿԴʦȥ𣿡
Ҷ⼸ŵĵԭЩɵĿ죬˿СҶͯ⻰ʱҲǷӦʧٵСүˣǾȻʶġ
СүҪǵȥСүˣ
һҶҵЦȻҲͦϲСһģ˵æܽҶڣͬʱɤӴ󺰡ҶͯүˡʱҶҸۡ˶Ƕݡ
ʦʦǽȥѽ
СҶ̧ͯͷ졣
ͷСҶͯҶߣԴˣҶҵŵӵҲû
תۣҶңȥҶ̨ͤ¥һʯҲ٣һ⽻֯ʹҶ֮һַǷ֮
ͯ
һŵǣк͸˵ҶҸ棬һŮ˳
Ů㣬ֹǶׯ߸һ޳ӣҲЩУȴԶûŮǰŨ
ͯ
һһŮ߳ŵСҶͯŮӸӿٵ˹
ʱɿСҶͯСһһ¾˹ȥף
ͺãͺã
Ů
ҲǸԱߣϴͳЦ
ŮһͣΪȴҲǲʱҲһ˿ڴı飺СүܵȥˣҶ˺մ˶ˡ
СҶͯЩ˼Բѽҳȥ棬·ˡ˵ţСһգ۾պҶ࣬С˵ԲѽףԲѽ
Ҫͺã
СһıԼĺӺ۰ʱȥСһ
ʱҶڲҲΧˣ֮ǰҶڵĳطΧתۼɢ
쿴һĻ֪ӵҶ࣬ŮӵգҶͯĸĸͬʱͨҶԱߵͺͨҶҵһЩͨӵܵҶݣҶһ˵׵ܵܣҶֱϵеڶ
СүԺɱˡ
ˣ
ǰ
ҶҲͨΧ˹϶ЦԱߵСһϲ
쵭ЦСҶͯСһҶڻǺܻӭġһ룬СһȻƤȷʵܿɰҶˣͱ֮ǰҶҵСүҶǰҪ壬ȴѯŵĵԼǲǿԽȥЩŵĵӶòˣ᲻ϲ
СҶͯʱЩ˼ϾʲôæԱܿߣΪպҶ࿪ĵĽܣףҶͯʦ
ʦ
Ҷ죬Щ졣
ͬʱҶӵܵĿϣҲЩ죬ԼҵСүʧô󣬾Ȼ˸ʦ
ʦʲôʦѵǸ˶Ҷӵܵʦ𣿡
ʱһĮŮ
Զһ߹ͷ嵭һʮһкһϮ£ɫԵúĮ
Ҷӵȥ˶æΪҶҼ֮ޣһķǷݣǿɲҵ
á
Цź
šɨ죬յãܹҺӣҶҵֱϵӵҲ㲻ɱһЩĵ˸ƭȥӣҶҵͷЩù£ǾͲˡ
ǿЦ£˵Цˡ˵ţ죬ֿڶҿţλСֵܲˣȻᣬʳףӦкĵطȻʲôƭһ࣬ˡ
СҶͯʱҲڣ˵ʦĻʦģ˶򲻹ʦ˵⻰СҶͯ۾Ȼֻ״˵Ļ档漴Сһƺ뵽ʲô۾Щ˵аʦ˵أһֺ۾
ʲôۣ
⻰Ҷڣ˶Ǳɫ˶ֱֱĶСҶͯ
ۣǿǴ˵е۰
Ҷոæ죺СֵܣʣСԿΪ棿
շ򸾣գ컹Щøеģ˵˵ͷ
ʱʹҶһ˸ľˡ
⡭
Сүۣ
ǿǴ˵е۰ӵĪ
ҶҲٵӶ𾪡
ԶߣۣеģУһܿ죬ҿ˳ҡײƭ֮ͽ
ԱߣЩˣӴȥŮˣ¶ǰɣ
ʱɫһƫͷѭԴȥڿɫ˼֣һͷྐྵȻҲ̤Ҷڣ輰ңҶںεأ˵ţ˼֣ˣҺȥ
⻰ʱӲˬүģ£ŲүһצȥϷһȦ
ͬʱҶͯҲЩˣǺˣ
ʲôˣ㶮ʲô

ĥɫâ˸е֯
ˡʱڣ붯֣ϾСҶͯļң²̫á漴ߵСҶͯСһԴЦСһˣúУǿˣʦ㡣
ʦѽҼҺܴģסҼҺòã
СҶͯҪߣᡣ
ҶҲǰǳҶԳס
ˣһҪ顣
ҡͷ
ֻСһҶʲôҶյĺ⡣漴СҶͯٴСҶͯ漴ͷҲص߳Ҷҡ
СҶͯܵҶſڣѾ߳Ҷҵ󺰣ʦ壬ҶͯһúģԺǿˣͳȥǣ
СһģǴкҲˣһЩǿɰ
챳Сһ˻֣Զȥ
С㣬Ŭ޵ɡ
СһһԶȥ
ҶڣҶĿԶȥ½ĿСҶͯϣжоâ֯š
ȻҾλСֵΪ棬ǵڳأͯǷľۣ߱Ǵ£
ҶǼ

뿪ҶңܿǿʮѾǿҶҵء
֮ǰǰ㣬ִɽ䣬ľС
ɽˮƿݣϵϢԽԽƽͣԽԽǸˡ
תۣչȥ
һ죬һһɽԽǰһƬԭǸɿݵĹľЩĵطһͬĹĴʯһƺɫЩʯϣһɭɭĸо
̲꣡סۣģ֪ģôƵطˣ


934 Ⱥʬ
ҲǰĻԭĻɵظ£ꡣ
ŻԭڣɫһƵƮţնһ
ǵһħأ԰Ҳ֪˶ãаĺܣ澳ǿһһǿй
˵
΢΢ݣǿ߶͹ôطȷʵǺΣա
԰
΢۶ŻڣԶԶĿȥһʯ뵽ڣһĹʹԭȥҲΪһƬ԰
飬ڣ۵Сӣүɰѻ˵ǰ棬ܣΣյĺܣ
бһۣû˵Ҫ
ˣ
ͻȻʶе΢΢һһ߲â֯ʶеֱָڡ
ʱ΢еоâֱֱ֯Ķ
ʱʶе񽣶߲âָڣʵ̫ϤˡڣнƬ
ߵԵ֣£ȥˡ

˵ţͼ۾ɵĸˣֱֱĶ
СӱүҲȥ
ֱӿڡ
죺
һССħʲô˵ģˣһꣿ
˵
ޣʲôˣǴģҪǿڹʯͻȻɽ칬鿪һڹûˣ
죺
бһۣǰĻ꣬˵֮ҪȥҪĶ
һŽƬɣȻˣȻҪȥ֮ȡ
˵ֱ꣬ӳŻڿȥ
Ҫ£ҡ

䣬һǰԶֱӿ˻ڡ
һĻƿڴ@#¸ëֵģվĴɫ˽ȥ
ʱѾ˻ɶԶ˹ɵһЦ
Цү

췭ۣˣʲô˵ԹƬΣգΣյͬʱضҲҪõĵط룬˵һСľʹڳһѰһȱҩ
Ȼ֪ڹûĵ
췭˷ۣҲû˵ʲôǹľĻԭŻȥ
ڣسںɫЩʪϵǺɫɰܿ죬ܿԶʱое¶ȱñࡣ

һڷ֣ԻǰλþдһƺɫƬռһƬɳʹÿøӱЩԼһڷлصˡ
ģŸսණˣ
ڷ
ֻС֣ʲô

˵ţָᵯɫɳûǰڷڣʱ佫ڷ飬ͬʱд̶Ĳҽдֻɫëаڵϣ鴤˼±û˶ȻѾǳˣٶ
ɨһۣ䣬ںڵĵ棬Żȥ
Сӣʱ·ˣ
ͻȻڣĶ
ͷǲ߽Զѣɴ˿̳ȥĿȴããһƬɫأһۿͷ
ſʮŵӣһ𣬶ʱ䣬ɫʧ³ʱ·ĳܹһɽֲ
֯һֳγӾþûʲôˡ
˵
ΪǿƿԽӴ죬ȵɾƿ
һĻƲƲ죺ǺõĹž
һЦعͷȥٶȷŵĲΪϾһƬȥĹУ̫⡣
תۣһӹȥ
ʱ߳˸Զܱ߶һͬĹĴʯ
СӣүȺ˵һЩʯֻǳĹѣУٴʯ¿ǶĶʬ࣬Ҫǳǿе棡
˵
΢΢ݣЩʯ£ʬ壿
бǽ꣬Ȼһ֣ǾȻʬ塣˵ţͬĹһʯүոտ澳ʱۿмʬӴʯ¿һʥһһ澳ͷ˺ˣͷӶû¡
죬ٴܱߵĹĴʯʱЩŹ֡
νЩʬ壬ǵ˿ЩĹĴʯѵԭĹֻûпӡģ
Щ졣
㲻ǵһô˵ˣǰҲôΪվֻǲ²⣬ûܹ˵Ϊطڵ̫Զˡ
˵
üȴҲûж룬Թҡҡͷȥ
ʱ֮ǰСĽЩתÿһ£ŵ׶Ӷɿûصף̽Ѱܵĵ硣
ܿ죬ӹȥ߳ȥ˺ԶܵʯøˣҲøӱͬƮŵĺɫҲǱࡣ

ͻȻһ촫žĻԵúЩ̶
ֱͣ½Ųлһƽâܵһʯȥ
ȻҲ죬ͬ㳯ܵһʯȥ
һ̣һʯζǸҡͬǷһ㣬һɹɺɫӵصðתۼʹƬռø䡣
ģô˥ɣʯµʬǣʱҪȫ
ﵱһ⡣
нɫŨȻ¡
Ļ£ҡĸһʯᣬиԵص׳漴һʯ̮һ߾ʬȺԱվ
أ
һʱ䣬طڷŭһһת۱ǱʬΧסˡ
Щʬϵķûȫܹ࣬ϣɢϢǳֲҪûһа㣬ֱӳ˹ȥҲаپϡ
ôһðô࣬үģ
ƿڴһҲûв׾ֱӽɨһڹʬ
ĴǳǿΪʩչնɱǿߣЩʬϣȴǽһǻ֮⣬춼Щľ
ȻȻľȴҲûиɿţʱҲ֣ݻͨͬǻԵĺŹʬȺȥͬʱնܼ콣
Ȼٴξȣ߶һͨ콣ǳ£ȴͬĴ㣬ԶЩʬʲôʵʵ˺
أ
ڷ⣬Ϣӿʯ£Ĺʬתۻ۳һʬųʬϲ񷣬ӿһһ


935 Ʒ
Ĺʬųʬ˿УӿɱÿһͷʬǼΪ£ʹݣЩˡ
ģˣ

𺿣

ɫأȴη֮ɫֱӽֻͼʥϢƵʹóǰһ߾߹ʬǲɵһ͡Ҳһ˲ѣһ̣һ߾߹ʬٴϢһѹһһ
һֻͼ̼Ŵ󣬺ƺƵңͬһʱ䣬Ҵ⣬Ҳһͷֻͼںϣγɴֻͼ
䣡
ʱһɼΪǿӿ֣ܿٵһ㣬Ƭʬɡ
˫ĿԲСӣͼʲôô뺷ֻͼǿһξһΣ󣬾͸Ծˡ
໰ˣ
ͳ
ʱѾȫԴֻͼ·ʬȺдһͨ·һקβͣŵصǚi˲Ϣɣֱӿ˳ȥ
𣡡
ʬȺ𶯳ա
ȥ߿ȫɫڱˣһƬҪѹѾȫһͷƤĸо
ҳɣԴֻͼ󣬽ɱļͷгĹʬ𿪣ԼǺɿ쳯ǰ壬ֱȥʮǿ˦ʬȺ
ģﰡүһӢ㱻һȺʬʬ̵ˣ

бһۣû˵ʲô
ʱѾ뿪˸ղǸطԶ˻Щĵط
ȥһʯɢҵķֲţңرһЩľԵøӱ䡣
ʱٴζЩʯ쵹ǲɵͷƤ£ʵǸղЩʯĹʬ̫ڿˡ
ŵӣ֯ܣǰнĲøŻЩɫ
ڿռҲܻ谵ǰһܡ
תۣǿ˼Զ
ܣľøˣ֦ɳֳɫǱѪˮȾһ㣬ȥЩˡЩľԱߣżʯұЩߴЩ
СǰУֹȥúǰȻ侹ǳ˾ſѪľ餣žɿݵľ˵Ѿ˶ãһڹ餵Ĺ׸ѾһЩŨĺɫڷʶԿȥ
СӣСЩſڹдһ
С
Ȼһ㣬Եͷøǰȥ
ܿ죬Ҫ߹ſڹڵķΧ
Ҳʱɫݣƫͷһڹ餵λȥǹ֮ľ£ɫ֯һĹ˸һʯ佣Ͻ֯ķĵӡɢһּΪǿʢɱϢ
ʯʱֹסǰȥĽŲһտտâ
СӣôˣʵڶʲôҲƫͷȥ漴ɫһ䣬¶ƷΣ
ȻΪ棬ûʲôѹأҩ꣬ȸָĶʱ򣬿ľµʯȻϵ缫ΪǷȻۣԶԶһۣͨӵмΪ˵ܡ
Сӣȡ
˫۷Ź
ͷȻ˵һȻƷʯֵ
ʯСĿܿʯΧڡ
ﬣ
ͻȻʯ𶯣һںɫĽâкƵ
ʱһо˴вæܣǚiЩںڽâ

ںڽâռһ飬пռΪˡ
ʹͷһֻʯ𶯳ĽâѣȴȻƣǸǵжǿʥ֮£Գ˰ɣ
ʱľµʯоâֻͼͬʱתرСĵĳʯȥ
ﬣ
ʯٴ𶯣Ľâ
ֻͼֵתرʯκǿʯĽǰּɫһסʯĽ
ʯԼʶҡ죬иΪ˵Ľ⵴
һʱ䣬ֻоԼŽֶʹһ̾Ҫ顣
΢΢ҧ̫ľתĸ죬еĽɫø貣ʯһ֡漴رҲת£ڹȥʮʹʯðڷһӵصװγ
תۣʯγ磬ϱ鲼ַµȻۣһޱȾ˵ɱϢնɱһ
оâ֯ʱʯȻоǿʥ֮£ûмڱ֮ȣʹһЩ
΢΢һûиطԽСĳȥϾطžſ˵Ѫɫ餡
Ųƽʱûа

ʱһ촫ƬžĿռԵüΪ̶
һѭķԴȥֻŰγʯľԵǿѪɫ餣׸һǣһ˵Ϣӿת۽֯Ƭռÿһ䣬ʹһһһʱһɻĸо



첻ͣѪɫ餵Ĺ׸ǲϳѺۣ֩ӿȥ
һ̣һѪɫ餵Ĺ׸ֱըںɫһںڶ㣬ֻѪɫĹͫи֣ǿûһУѪȶˡ
ӭ˫ѪɫͫһһʱоĪв
ѵΪʯ߶˹

ǿٺˣǚiһ˲ǰ
䣡
ƿѪɫڣϢͬǻɽ㣬һߵĹʬϵ֮ǰЩʬҪϣȥĹ㡣
ʬѪһʱǶסһ˫ͫѪ졣
һͺͬҰһ㣬Ƶֱɱȥ
һʱ䣬֮ռ䶼Ťˡ
ģЩ°

ҲǶݣȴҲûη壬ֱӻӶոȡʯ콣ʩչնһͨĽ⡣
ﬣ
̶Х𣬽âƵն鳤գգۼǱƵ߸ߴʬǰȵϡ
һʬնĺʮԶѿкɫѪƮڿС
ʱ˫۴ֱĶеʯȻһһ߹ʬնˣȻ£
춢еʯҲâ񽣣Ԥеĸǿ
𣡡
ԶɨɵĹʬվſ˻Ϣ漴丹նĽ۾ϣתۼǻָ
һĻǶݣ¶ɫ
һʬ嶼޸壿
Բ˫ۡ


936 Եͷʿ
ͨĹʬ޷ʬģӵһǻ۲Уǰͷʬûʲôǻۣȴʬ˵Ǻܿ£ļ¡
𣡡
ʬ˫ͫѪ죬һٴγһһٶȿ˲١
춯֣߶н֯ȻƵʯٴնһ貵콣
וּһ콣ɶ೤תۼʬǰһν֮ɣĺɫѪݺԶ
ˣ
ۡ
üûС
µ˲䣬ʬٴվͬʱϵҲɿϡ
ֻգ۶ѣƻָٴ
ﬣ
еƷʯһն콣â߹ʬϣնĺѪٴν֮ɳȥ֮նķѡ
ȻȣʬǳˣƷʯնĻԽˣԷȻܿˡ
ģôԵ⣬һʿˣԵñɵֻһͷ˳ûʲô⣬ҪǾſڹĶǾ鷳ˡ
䣡
Ļ䣬ǹʬٴδϢ֯һƬһƬʹط˿Ѫɫ餺ǸŶ졣
һ̣˿Ѫɫ餵Ĺ׸ǶǳܼѺۣٶȼ죬ת۱ըֲǴӵ˰㣬˾߹ʬȺ԰˿Ѫɫп
ѻ죡
˾䡣
Ӷʯնʮһ콣漴һץסβͣͷߡ
еʯǳǿͰԵԼϾΪޣֻǶԸһͷĹʬԣǾͷһϣǾ;Եסˣ˿ֱѡ˱ս
𣡡
󣬾ſڹʬһϢնİʮһ콣ȫ顣󣬾ž߹ʬĶˢˢ˹ȥ
ⶼǽ֯˵ĺɫ֮ͬռ䶼Ť
ۣʱ伹һСӣܿ㣬׷ˣ
ƫͷȥž߹ʬǾӵһͨ屻ƣһ˫˫Ѫɫͫ
һֻͼ𣬾ֱ˦ȥɱž߹ʬͬʱֱӲصǚiͬһɫ㣬ٶ˲ࡣ
ಣ
ץƶһƿž߹ʬ˦ȥԶ
ͱٶȣų壡

û˵ʲôصǚiʩչ㣬ֹȥӺͣľž߹ʬѾȫûӰ˦
ʱһƬּ䣬еľߣںڵֲѪˮȾָγɵɫ󣬿ȥһЩˡ
ģҪܵˣ
ҧ
ڻ꣬ȻǷǳϤ
û˵ʲôӭһʼʶеָķ򣬼ǰȥ
ּ߽䣬ԵþĵģֻصĽŲ
ͣ
ͻȻűߵƿʮֻצ˳Ѫⸯ࣬пݻƵĹצ볯ץȥйצץסСȡ
ͷȥŵƱǣ⣬ʮֻצȫ顣
Щצûô⣬Ųû˿ͣ٣ǰȥ
תۣǰӹȥ
ʱ֣߳еһƬƽ̹ϣкһЩѪɫһƵƮڿУżصڿһ㡣
ͣ½Ų¶һЩɫ
СӣôͻȻͣˣ
ʵ
ߵˡ

µ˲䣬еѪɫŨ漴ͬһƬѪڷ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
Ѫռһı𣬵涼ҡˡ
ô£
һ֮ǰÿеѪɫʲôʱȴһɼĸоЩѪɫÿˣҽΧ
ڣһֿ¾أ

أۣж
ɫ΢бһۣͨİ벽ǿ߽Ҳ
ûסһƣǲˣ
ʲôˡͨ벽û·Ҵ򲻳·

˵ţ𣬶ʱܼƽ֯γһƥС
ʱ۾һͻȻˣСƿ
ҲʱĻ£ΧѪɫøӷڣ¡¡죬漴ֱӳݺѹ˹ת۱ײ֮ϡ
͵һֻоһشݺϡ
ɵõһղҪûƻ壬Ѫûһǿ߹ƶ˲
͸ԱߣҶˡ
˵
ƽ֯壬ŵӣʼǰȥͬһʱ䣬ʼ˫ֽӡҲӡһƣǿнøŨѪɢϡ
䣡
ռɢѪԼʶ㷢ٴγм£ұøӷڣһƬƬգںڵĵɱԵص׳
ɫ΢ȴ򶨣ŵףϺϵâţγһƴǿзѪɫɱ⣬̳һƴ
ߣ
˵
֮ͽɫصǚiһΣת۱ߵƴͷɫ滺
߳ˣ
ʵ
󿴡
̧ȳǰȥ
ɵȥʱһ̲ס˿ʱȥһ޴Ѫɫ壬ͬһѪӰ㣬ס˷ԲҵĿռ䣬ܱߵʱʱ㷢͵죬
ʲô⣡
˾䣬Ҳ֪ʱѾ߳˾أæȥ
Ҳʱǰͣǰ˸ʯÿһ鶼һ㣬ͬпµС
С
ô
ʯ̫ˣƺſµĹʬҪǴһֱܳܽû
ƿһξ룬ȫ㼺Ϣǿľǰߡ
֮ȥʱǲƹƬʯ߳ǧԶǰɽȺңÿһɽ嶼ǺܸߴҪ뵽ǿһ㡣
Ѿߵˣ

ǰߴȺɽ䣬ɫӿ񷶼Ƹڱˡʱʶеٴζһ߲ɫâֱָǰһɽʹҲ¶â齣Ƭǰ
һŲƽʶе߲ʹâָɽȥ
䣡
ʱһɼΪֲĲȺɽ䣬һͷʿ˳ֳһ⼣սìͨ帲źɫսףմȾŲѪҺ
ˡ
ͷʿһ΢ͬװը졣


937 
סˣһƬϢĻڣ˿̿һͷʿȻʶⲻò˵Щ£ʹǽһ
ˡ
ͷʿٴδеĳìֱֱָ˹
һϣͬһ㷭һȪ˰㣬Ĳ񷶼ҡ
ͬʱɫ䣬ƣ̫ڿˡ
ˣ

ûаԥǷɿˣٶֱ˼¡
Ȼͷʿ̫ǿˣϺɫӿ˸죬һǽǰ
飡
飡
ֻͷʿɢƶѣͬʱɣ³һѪֻоĹͷ·Ҫɢ˰㡣
ģôгôף
䡣
Ҳأͷʿ̫ڿ£Ǵ۷״̬ҲһܹסԷ
䣡
ͷʿٴο˹һΣеĳìһĳì㣬ì滹δоɱϢŽһǸов
ûκԥһһٴκˣҸԶǿͨ塣
Ȼֳǵͷ̫ڿֲˣìһУǿ̼ͨǱһɶң֮󣬸һޱȿֲĴ͸˹һκɣǿȳһھѪ
Сӣ˰

Ҳɫأû뵽һĿֲڡ
䣡
ǰǿʢͷʿһƬضƺҪ˰㡣
ֻ˲ѣͷʿٴһһǰңһΣǿϢֱӽ˷ĿռȫˣеĳìеĻӶ¡

һ죬ܵһ𣬸ֵסìЯŵ
ɫ䣬ĹǾԵ
ˣ
ʱʶУ΢΢һһȦȦ߲ɫ⽻֯͸ʶɢ⣬ͬԴһ㡣
ǰͷʿĳìֱֹסˣͣ˰СϣìһգֱӺˣգʧȺɽ֮ڡ
춯ݣһǶ˿
߲⣬ңͬʱҲоâ֯Ǹղʶڵ߲ʹԴضѡ
Ҳڶ߲ɫ⣬˫۵ɵĺܴ󣺡߲ʹâСڱ˲ðֻĹâѣȻǸηˣ˵ţͻȻģΪү
һʱڳңҲǱǱǿ˹ȥ˲Ϊ󽵣۷ֱֱ
бһۣѾ˵ҿƲʲôʱ֣ʲôʱâȫǿԼҪʱ򣬻ҪһͬУһȥˡ
үģ@#
֪һ㣬ܳһʱ䶼ȴôһڿµıʱǺܲˬ
΢΢˷ۣٴ
ʱĬĬӦʶе񽣹â˸ûֹͣʹ߲Ҳһֱţ˿ûҪʧļɵðһá
⽻֯⣬ۻʾ֮£ʲô£ڣȥȥ
̧ͷסǰɽȺǰһɽоâ֯
ߡ
ֱӳȥ
߲⻤壬ץʱȥȡĽƬ
ȥ

ģ⡣

ûжٶǰٶҲһЩһǰɶԶ
ҧгݣջǸȥ
һһȺɽ䣬ɭȻ䣬ݹɢҵĶڵϡ
ƺ߲⽻֯ŵԵʣȺɽԵر˳ûκа͹ʬͬƽ̹Ĳԭһ㡣
ⶫǡ
߲ʹâȻ֪ʱƬɽȺܹô˳ȫΪȹԵԵʡ
дžɫɫȴҲû˵ʲôƬ̺Ŀ˿ȥ
ȺɽһƬţǰԱߣ
ˣתһӹȥ
һڣǰеĲû˿谭ʶеʱٴβֱָǰʹ߲ҲøŨЩ
пһĨâٶٴܿ߹߰ٶɵľ롣
ʱͣһȭͷ߲ʹԴƮǰ΢΢ҡҷâ㡣
ҵˣ
ȭ
齣ƬȻûио
Աߣֱӵɴ˫ۣǰ߲ʹԴֶ߲ʹ⣬ǸоͬͬԴϢ
СӣҪҵģⶫ죬һȣʲôȻ߲ʹâһģһϢҲһ
ûжԴ˵ʲôֻԼǰȥ
ǰȭͷС߲âڿУڳ˯еĺһ㡣
žâӺܿ죬ֻգۼ߲âԱߡ
ԱߵɲǣȭͷС߲ɫâƺиУ΢΢Ļζ£Ǵӳ˯ѹһ㣬ɢ߲ʹâʱøŨЩ
⽻֯΢Щ˶ٺ󣬳ǰ߲ʹԴ֡
ˣ
֣ȭͷС߲ʹԴԾʱһƵ߲ɫâ֯ͬͬԴ߲ʹâգ۽֯һ𣬻Ʈ˹ȥ
߲ʹԴƮԱߣͬһ㣬ΧתõĺӼѪһ㡣
漴һ̣߲ʹԴ΢һֱû룬ת۱ǳ嵽ʶڵԣ˲ϢС
ʱһһ߲ɫâ֯񽣱ûС
䣡
֮ǣ߲øŨһɼǿϢɢ
Զ˫۵ɵĸԲ˼֣⡭
䣡
ǰǿϢ߲֯ʹâǿʢЩֱܡ
УһҲ΢΢˫ۡ
ʱ߲ʹԴ壬һ߲ʹâڣ֯ž˵ܺ͵⣬ӿڵÿһ䡣
˫ۣ΢΢ֱԼľﵽ۷״̬ת̫ľʼڵЩ߲ɫâ
ˣ
һʱ䣬߲ʹ˸â֯Ϣ͵ڱǿ
վԭأһҲ̫ľתĸЩʹϵϢԽԽǿҲԽԽŨ
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬߲Ժͽɫâһ֯Ϣ͵øǿᡣ
һ̣һɰڵһǿʢ쫷磬ֱֹȥʮƽϢ
Ҳʱ˫ۣâ˫Ŀһţ죡


938 ɷ
â֯⣬Ǵ΢⣬һ³һ
ʱ򣬵õŽƬΪ죬ֻоʶʹ𲻾ǰ˲СĽ
ٴ˸漴ɨʶײֻѾƽΨн߲âȻƣøЩҲЩ
ˣ
ͻȻһ߲ʹâʹʶʱ΢΢һ
һ̣ڵ߲ʹâûһͼ֯ʶУԼΪ޴Ĺŷ壬ŷ໥价һ㡣
ǣ
ʱݡ
һ˲䣬ȻǾֱʧʶеһҲˡ
΢΢üվԭأʶȴʶֱֱĴ񽣡
Сӣû
ʱĹâѾɢƺվ﷢㶣ɵÿں
ع΢΢ͷʱ򣬵齣ƬѾ뵽ʶеڣҲװΨ󵴳Ļǳ⡣
תһǿ絽ǰ¡˵ţ󵴳ŷͼʶӡչֶ֪𣿡
ʶеǳˣԣڵĻ棬Ȼǳ⡣ͬһʱ䣬ʮǳϤһ򵽵ھȥţӦмĿܻ֪ŷڡ
ɵʶӡɷ壿
ʱǰһ֪
Ȼ֪ɷƵĴ廷ɣ򡣡ڣͻȻЩɻ죺˵СòƲŸյôܹôչֳɷʶӡһЩʷп
еĹøǿʢЩȻ֪ŷڣңŷȻһûлش⣬ʵɷʲôرĵط𣿡
ǺɵĿһۣ֪ôͻȻɷ£Ҳûж룬ûʲôرģֻǷǳߴ󣬴һ̡Ҫ˵رģǾƬÿ궼һĴȡŵֱʥţɸ𵺣ռڣԼ֪Ǹɭ̣ƬĵڶεĴ
ɭ̡
΢΢ۡ
ڵʱɵڵץԭסȥڿ󣬺˲ˣһΪ˾Ⱥԭס񣬺һͻ
ҡҡͷȥ
Щûرˣ
ʵ
ҡͷûˡ
΢΢üȥƺʲôؽһڣҲʲôأֻһͨڶѡ
Ӧεر֮

񽣵ɷͼôһѰ
䣬кߣͬʱȥɷһˡ
ȥʲô
ɻɷ岢ʲôرڣƺûȥļֵ
ȥ

ЩŹ֣ȴҲûжʡϾҪȥɷ岻ʲô֮أûʲôõĵģȥһûʲôˡ
£һһǳŻߡ
ʱ·һһٶȷǳ죬ûñг˼ԶʱߵĹУһһǱܿΣյĵطǿ˳߳˻꣬³
ģȥһȦ

Ҳûʲôʲôˣ·ȥɷ塣
Ϸֱߡ
˵
ͷûԥָķֱӿȥ
ٶȺܿ죬һɽڹȥʱɷڡ
ȥǰľһ꣬һƬ㣬Уŷôԣ˴Űƣǹ˲һ㣬η
ȷʵܸߴ󡣡
첻ɵõ
վŷ壬˶ٺֱȥһŷԡ
ʱŷΧŲٵӣСš
һεĴϾҪʼˣ֪궼Щǿˡ
ɭ̵ɻԾ˵ѾҪΣϱǿ߶Уһεһȣɻܹڣ
ðɣɸŷڰ벽Σ˵һЩͨĴǿ߶Ƕ֣ܿͻᱻʽΪɸʥӣҿŷпܶڣ
𵺵ĺҲ˰벽Σŷɻ
˺ռڵĹľҲǾڰ벽ΣңѾܶΪռһʥӣʵͬУûǶ֡
ʥŵķҲСʵǳ£˵ҲǿҪˣ
ô˵һεĴȣǾͷˣˣƺûбȵıҪ˰ɡ
ôûбҪǺǿͬ˻ǵĶ֣ǣ˿ԺͳȴͬȣҲǳ塣
ٵС
ŷ帽Щ˵ۣԵúƽô⡣
˿̣ŷߣͷ嶥ϸϸ۲죬漴ȥκҡҡͷʲôҲûиӦûʲôرĵط
Ҷ
ӣЩ档

ͷ
ɨŷһۣһŷȥ
طŷ壬ÿһŷļ붼ǳŷ絽һŷ壬;Ҳϸ̽ܣֱӺߵڶŷ帽
ŷУ̽Ѱɽƣͬʱۿʶе񽣵ķӦ
֮󣬰ʱʱ䣬ڶŷ̽ѰϣûзʲôرĵطʶеҲû˿ӦԤʾֻǳߴɽѡ
һ

ƽÿһŵ׶ӣɿûصףܡ
ҶҲҪĶ
̲סڵ
һЦС
ʶڵ񽣲Ե޹ʵɷĻ棬һر壬ˣطһĳַǷĶ
ӷŵĸƽЩֱֹȥʱߵŷǰŵӳƣͬʱʶҲøӷڣһɨŷ塣
ܿ죬ŷͣʱϰŹŷ˼ȦÿһڶˣϧȴûʲôʵԵջ
һ
ڡ
ܿ죬طĵŷ壬ٶȷŵĸЩʶâʢ̽Ѱŷÿһ䡣
ֻǣʱ󣬽ȴǺ֮ǰŷһʲôûС
һˡ
ǰ
ʱŷ帽ѾʿΪԺҪеɭ̵һĴȣԵֺġ
Դû⣬ɫƽúŷ塣
֮ǰһתͬʱʶҲΪ֮Źâչǿʢʶɨܡ
תۣǴʱȥ
ҵʲôöˣ
ûʲôջ񣬺ܲĴЦ
бһۣô
ɨŷ壬ü֣ѵˣûʲôء
ˣ
ͻȻﱻϣʶе΢΢һƵ߲ʹâֱָ֯ǰŷĵصס


939 ķ
춯ݣʱʶе񽣶𶯳һƵ߲ϼ⣬ֱָǰŷĵصףʹжʱ˸貵Ĺ
âָŷĵصףôһ˲õĶ
ŷ£ɫ棬ֱӽתޣŵӿ֣ĳŵصӿȥ
תۼ䣬ûŷһٶɣһڼʶе߲ʹâָķ򣬼ŷص׶ȥ
Сӣз֣
ı飬¶Щı顣
û˵ֻǵͷ
ͷɵõۣкö
ܰĵתŵӿֳƣһ·ǰŷĸصӶȥ̽ʮ
תۣʮȥŵӿѾ̽ŷ߰ٶɣҲʱк⣬ƷһȭͷСʯʯûʲô˵ϢֻŵĹѣע⣬ʱʶеĹâȴǱֱָʯ
⡭
в죬ʶе񽣵ɷĳʱٴɢ߲ʹâȻΪôһȭͷСʯʵ̲סЩȡ
ˣڳ
˶٣а
ʶе񽣷ͬѰȻ񽣵߲ʹâָʯôţʯԲѰ֮
΢΢һŵƽ֯۳ƽŵû£κ˶£նŵ׵һ㣬ֱͨŷµȭͷʯ׼һͨʯȡ
ʱʮԶ˹ɫԵúһ˿ڣһ㣬˵ʥźɸɽ̽ڴ˽һĴȣ뿪˵ŷԵȥ
ɨʮһۣû⣬ŵµ䣬ƽնٶȱøЩ
ûзӦߵʮɫ˼֣ǿڵˣм
ҵĻû𣡡

бһۣʵɷ壬ʥ̣
ڡɨʮһۣĵĵô˵أ̣ÿеһȣڴȿʼǰʿ˵ŷ֮ȥڳһȵĿԴˣһʿǲ˵ʲôϾ̵ʵǷǳǿƬĵڶεĴͨ˿ɲȥȻ󡭡
ˡ쿪ڣĻֻҪ˵ǰ־͹ˡ
˵꣬ƽ㣬ֻעŹŷµǿʯֱ˵ʮ꣬Ϊطʥẉ̂ûõıҪ
Ȼ֪ʲôƲƲ졣
ߵʮȴǸĿǱø
˵һΣ뿪̣ϣĻԸ
һʼڵٴ˵Ϊʥŵĵӡ
˵ʲôֱӺȥһ꿪ڣ𵺡ң˲ֻ˵˵ѣֱӻֳճȥԲ֪ôˣȭͷͶõĽʽһ۷ǿʿڵ𵺣ʥţɭ̣ռԼɸΪƬɽֻ̣ƬǼǸͨʿǶ֡
ƫͷɨˣĿԵЩĮ
ʱ䣬һӳֹͣסĶ¡
㣬㡭
ʱӭĵĮ񣬻겻һɿ־壬·һ㡣
꣺Բ֪ôˣȭͷͶõĽʽ⻰е
£žһֱӺɣڿһѪֱŷ֮⣬ʹĲҽУǴָӡ
ҽʱʹŷ帽ĲʿݡЩʿʱǾŷ֮⣬ǳط
ǡ
𵺵һӣΪǿô˸ˣ
̵Χһʿѵ˶֣
Щʿǲ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ɽߵ˳ȥʮǶɫǸղûп춯֣ȴǱˣľǷŭľǣ춯ֻ˻꣬ȴζֶûŭǣΪƬڶεĴĵӣƬʿǼɵڣȴǸ㶯֡
Ҷ𵺵˶֣
ʮУһ˿ڣȻͱɵһ𵺡
ڴδȣ㾹ƣ
֪

ʮ˸ɫ
ɨЩˣɫɵĮ롣
䣬𣬽ŵӣһɰʮ굴ȥ
һʱ䣬ֱʮɣڿѪҽŹ䵽ŷΧ󲿷ֱӻ˹ȥ
ʱɷʿǴ󾪣죬Ǳɫ
⡭ʼǸ𵺵ǻ꣬Ǳ˵ģ֮ŷ֮⣡
ɽ̵һӽҪдȣ˵ÿ̶һĳס֣Ȼôɽ̵ĵӶ֣
ⲻ𣿣
ЩʿȲѡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɷʿ˹ȥΪʥŵ̵ˣд󲿷ֶһʿҲϱǿߣԴڴΣֱΪɽ̵һϼסⳡɽһĴȵˡ
ģˣȻҶҵɽ̵˶֣
ɽһĵӶ죬¶ɫ
˵ϱǿȻҲǶס죬ɫĮԿ˹ȥ
Уʥŵĳ̧֣ɵԼڵһӸץأֱɨӵʶת۱֪Уø䣺ڴ˾һĴȣ㲻˳ȥҶˣ
ʥⳤϵĻĴĳϸǳ
ͬһʱ䣬һĵӣǴ󲿷ֶ¶ŭݣɱŽ
ÿ궼дȣû˸Ǵȵʱ˵ŷΧȥҲˣִǵˣ
Ϊ
ϣ
ɽ̵Ӻȵ
쵭ĮɨЩһۣôŵӿ㡣
̬ʥŵĴϽɫøֱӱɱ
ʥŵĳһֱ̧֣ɱ⽻֯ȥ
ϣȵȵȣ
ʱһЦһߴ˳ĿԵЩˣѪΪʹϵն΢΢ЩŤ˶ɫ
ǣʥŵķ磡
áǿϢ
ƣʹܱߵնܵӰ죬ЩŤ⡭
ʿĲ
ңȻ𵺣ɭ̣ɸͺռڵĸ϶ɵöݣΪɢϢȴڶЩľ
ʥŵĳ磬ϴЦ⣺磬£ʥǧѳţʹﵽ˰벽ΣѾ򣬽ĳɾͲŷ磬ȻǶЦ
ԵЩ裬Ц죬˶Һ𵺵ĺӣռڵĹľɸŷԼɭ̵ɻԴڲټ䣬ڣҲһѣһ֣һ˭ȡ˵ͷ­˭ȡ˭ǵһ˱ԣ򵥣ƽֱӣ


940 ʯ
ߴЦ̬Ķ죬Ƕһ߰㡣
ɨһۣƽ
ֻǾվԭأŵ׵ƱøǿʢЩһƵûص֮£ŷ弫ǿȭͷСʯȥ
Աߣ̲סЦСӣ㱻ȵİˡ
ôעڹŷ֮£ʱ򣬽ŵ׵Ѿƿ˹ŷµٶɵ㣬ϾҪﵽʯڡʱøСĵĿƣⲻСʯ
ܣ̵һŷĻ˵۾
޳ɷʦ֣
ʥһӵ
Ҳͬ
Ҳһ
֧֣
ܺãܳͷǴ󵨵ӣܳʾλʦֵǿս
ĸҲӿڡ
ʱ˵еӶЦ죬漴ȺĸӡĸԸһξ룬һź£ɫᣬΪɭ̵ɻԡڶ޳鵭ĮΪɸŷ񡣵һϮ£Ϊ𵺵ĺӡ˵ֱΪռڵĹľ
Ȼ˷Ļ˿̣ĿҲϣԺĮ
ɽ̵Ĵ϶죬໥ۣǲɵõ˵ͷ
ôô졣
һ˵
˸ԶԼһǿߵͷ˼ԣͰշȡ
統ЦԵøӰ裬ɨһۣȺеĺˣϵսǳŨ
⡭
桭ҪΪȵĿ꣬˭ǵһ
̫̫п˰ɣ
ŷ⣬ʿǶط˲ɵõһ
ˣʹˡ
ʿ죬ɵҡҡͷ
ܵһȻ֪ȴ˿Ҳû⣬ʱŵƽ֯㵽ŷµʯԱߡŲƣŵһȭͷСĶתƽЩһΣ·ץһȭͷʯ
ܣʿһĻ¶Щ֮ɫ
˿ʯͷ
һֱվԭڹŷµһʯ
ǿʯȥ񡭡ͦͨ
һЩʿ
ЩʿվŷӱȥеʯȷʵǺѰ
ʱȴ¶ɫʱʯֻ÷ǳڵм٣ҲתۼøǿڵĴǲӿüΪڣҪ˰㡣
ⶫ
ֱݣһ˲˲Ķеʯ
ֻʯѣǸоĸʵǿĸо
Ҫҵľⶫͬһ㣬û̵ʿŷһɢޣʱ˹еʯ˶٣Щ˸ֹⶫүôǵ
ʱʵʯ
˼룬ƺǸܲĶүһ룬Ӧúܿ
һƾâ˵ͷУѰĵط
˵ţתŷȥ
ʱѾѰʶеʾĶûбҪˡ
ಣ
ƿһߴӰǰȻʥŵķ硣
Ӳˣɫ죬ȴǸ죬ǽĿڲԶĺӵĸǿϣȻһҲûнУͷջҵģĺˣϴһɱ˵ս⡣
𵺵ĺӣռڵĹľɸŷɭ̵ɻԣ˸ɫĮʱǶˣһǰԶ˲ϢΧ໥ĮĶӣһ𣬽Χм䡣
ʱǿܽ֯еĵ򲨶
СӣΪˡ
Ц
ûĮɨΧˣԼ˿ɱǡ
ƽһҲȴطʿǱһ͡

ŷ⣬ʿǱŹֵĶ죬ʱ챻ɱͨʿǿΧסȴȻǿ˵Լ˿ɱǡȻʿȫͷ⡣
ŷڣ̵ĳޱ飬ʿ̲סЦ
Լ˿ɱǣȻУ̫Цˣ
ɵ˰ɣ
ΪȵĿ־壬Ӷˣ
̵ʿ죬ڿһС㣬һ
Χ죬Ļ˿û⣬˵ֱˡʱֻ໥䶢ŶԷϢѾڰԽ棬ϢԽԽǿ໥ĶײøңʹͬǴֽ㿦죬һŤƺһ̾Ҫ鿪
˳طһʿĲ
ֻƵĶײˣ⡭
£
һҲǼŮѹˡ
ŷ⣬ʿ
漴Щʿ죬̲סҡͷ
ˡ
αҪɽ̵أڡ
ˣңܲҡ
̾
䣡
ʱǿܳ𣬷˸ˣս쭡
ͷҵģ
Цһּ佻֯ɱ⣬ֱͷ­ץȥ
ɭ̵ɻߣһ졣
һߣ𵺵ĺӣռڵĹľɸŷҲǶˣɱ졣
ңͬһʱ䣬ͬʱͨ໥Լ˿죬һ⡣
䣡
һʱ䣬ƬռֹסıѣܼѺͬ֩ܡ
ҽ̵ʦֱضȡ˵ͷ­Ϊһ
ߣ𵺵ʦֲǵһ
˵ͷ­ڵķʦ֣
ľʦֵǵһǿ
ҸŷʦһܿѹУһȡӵ׼
ɽ̵ǰŸһǿߣקȭͷ
ɽļϿȥûʵжоâڽ֯ŸһţȻڴԼһʤ
䣡
𶯣һ߹죬һ໥ʹĵر
ȿ񱩵ɱУʼպܵĮ
ҵġ
ڵ
ɺƽһȦâɢͬһ㣬ܵ
ʱ͵𣬷˴ͨ˲Ϣ䱻ȫ飬뱻ĺɣǴڿѪǱĹʮԶ
һʱ䣬ط˽ʧɫ
⡭
ô᣿
ûжֻһȦɢȴȻȻǿߡ
ŷ⣬ʿ𺧣˼Ķ졣
ŷڣɽ̵ӺҲǱɫݡ
ͬһʱ䣬˸ɫ䣬ǱԶվЩ졣
ʱȫסˣղţͬʱ֣ȫûнУȻֻվŲͬһƬâǵͨشʱ򼸺ûˡ
ıɵĮ΢̧ʳָ׼˷硣
ʱɫ̬Ҳûˣ¶һ˿־壺
ۣ
һâʳָɳ˲Ϣǰֱӽ֮ѹķ顣


941 նɾ
ըѪƮУȾһƬ棬ʱʹ˽Դ󺧡
硭ˣ
⣿

ʿŷըĵطֶųе죬һɫ䡣
ǿķ磬ڰ벽磬ɱһĴǿߣȴȻһָͷˣ
ʱĺӵĸǿҲǱɫȫһĻסˣͬǸԵĳҲ󾪡
ʦ֣
ʦֿǾڰ벽ΰôᱻɱ
ôܣ
ʥһ־ŭһΪǿӣΪǵʥӵˣȻط˸ɱˣңһָɱ

һĴϸ۾ˣĿѡ
¡һֱӿɱ˹ȥǿ˴Ƭա
⡭
ʥŵĳϾȻˣ
ڴ찡
ŷ⣬ʿԶݡ
䣡
𶯣ʥŵĴѹ죬ʱ̽˴֣ɱ޾
ϣɱ
ӣʦֱ𣡡
ɱɱɱ
ʥһӸų֮ɫ죬·Ǻ޲һ㡣
䣡
ʥŵĴѹ죬ʱеɱø£ϯ

ŭһǧѳţʹﵽ벽ΣĳɾͲɽʥƶĸǿʢʥŶԿνش󣬿һʥشţȴȻôɱˡ

˺۶죬±鲼ɱɱ֣
¡¡ģ⣬ʮ
վԭأĮɨˣָᵯһɫâ
וּһɫâɹɱ⣬漴һĿ𺧵УֱĹʥϵüģ۵ըͬҲһ
һʱ䣬ط˽ɫٱ䣬˲Ĳ
ʥŵһϣȻȻ
ֻǵָѣ͡
ǿһǿ߰⡭ôܣ
˾㤡
ʥŵϿǴڴ죬ǿޱȣǣһǿĳϣȴͬһ㣬ָͱնˣǺεǿս
ʱĸĴҲǱɫɫһ
ʥŵһӸǾŵķһ̶죬ǿ־塣
㣬ɱ˷ʦ֣ɱǵĳϣšŹģ
㡭Ҳ
ʥţưոݵģ
һӲ֣˵Щʱһ̲סˡ
ɨЩˣҡͷ׳հʱ򻹸ҷвĻ
µ˲䣬϶
쿴ûʥŵЩӣһĽɫͬһ㳯ʥŵһӷնȥ
ʱʥ˵һӿеĿ־ͻȻʮ֮ࡣ

Щ˾ִУֻӶݣϧȴӲ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪӶըȾһƬƬա
˲Ϣѣʥطһӣһʣȫն⡣
ʱطʿٴκݲ
⡭
ȫȫˣ

Щʿ㤡
ʥܹӣǺˣʥδĶȴȻתۼ䱻ն˸һɶ
ʥšᷢģ
˲
ɸĸҲ𺧣ͬĸҲ⡣
һ̣Щ˶죬ȫе˲ĺӣľŷɻԣ̲ס΢ţΧ죬ȫ죬˿ûнУֻǽ쵱ߣֻȡͷ­ȳ˭ǵһȴ룬Χ쾹ô£Ȼ̧նɱǿߣ
ҲʱУƫͷĺӣľŷɻԡ
Ա˵ԣΪԼǿȻһͿ
Įĵ
䣬וּһϸֳĵɫĽâ
ʱĺ͵һȫ¶־֮ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ڵĸ̵ĳҲɫʱȫ˹
ס֣
һ˽е
ﬣ
죬ϣĵɫâֱնתĺǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮĺܵĶǱȫѪ
ʱ䣬طʿٴαɫ˶ֹסķ
ĺӣľŷɻԣȫȫɱˡ⡭
˶¡

𵺵ĸĴŭǸһǿţȻնɱǰǷŭ㣬һʱ侹ȴɱʥǸϵĳһĳȥĵɱѹ¡
âԻͬˮ㵴ȫĿѪɡ
ģ˹Զκվеɱͷֱ˴룬תŨŨĿ־Ƕ죬ʱʼˣûٸҴУûиڳǰȥ
Ŀ⵭ĮɨˣɷǣֻվѰҪǿҳȥҶ֣µ˭ȡҵͷ­˭ǵһҵµӱԵĹ߰ӣǼΪѾǵˣ̧֣ĵâԻ϶µǼǿ߸ôǣǼȷʽȣӸ
𵺵ĸ˵ĳͲɫ䣺ס֣ǡ
ﬣ
Х̶ֱѹС
һ֣ĵâͬĵ㻮Ƴգĸ̵ĳ֡
˲ϢѣĵѪըȫ飬ҲһС
ʱ䣬ط˶ǱסˣһҲ²ĸǿߣԴڴ죬ȴȻ̧־͸Ĩɱˡ
ϣ
ô
⡭ܰ
Զ𵺵ĸ̵һӸ֣ʱֹסķ
ƫͷĸɽ̵ӡ
ĸɽ̵ǺݺһеĿ־øŨ
㣬㣬㡭Ҫɱǡ
ЩʿˣͣķɶʪˣһӶζ
ģģ

ɫĮɨЩһۣƫͷȥ
߰ɡ

䣬ڿն𣬲գܿǺɷķΧŸԶĵطȥʧһ˵ҰС
ɷ帽һʿ뿪ķ򣬾ѾӰˣǣһŨŨ𺳺ͺȻ
⣬ˡ
˭һʲôʱôֲһˣǰû˵
̧Ĩɱǿߣ⡭
ʿ㤡
𵺵ɽ̵Ӹǿ־壬ɽһĴȣǸɽ̵һǿȴȫնһʥӱɱˣһһϣʧʵ̫޴ˡ
ЩӽɫҰףźˣŸһɽȥҪ콫ɽ̵ˡ

뿪ɷķΧȻƽٶȴܿ죬ʱѾ߳˺Զһɽ䣬Ѱһĵط
̯֣ɷصڳǿȭͷСʯȡ˳â֯ʹڵٴ٣Ҳʼڡ
ú룬⵽ʲô



942 ʯ
ʯ˸ԣֻȭͷСȴӨ͸·һƷʯֻоľʹȶھҵԾ
롣

Ʋ죺ʲôֲǸȥͶ̥
ˣȴҲеʯϸ롣
쿴ûٿڴţĵȴ
תۣӹȥ
ʱеʯ˫۽Щ
ȷӦ֪һ뵽ʲôʵ֪ʲôˣ
ͷ΢ţǾɫ
񣬺ǣʯ

üʯ
нѾкܶ꣬ںܶණ֪ʯȶǵһ˵
еʯ𾪣һüƽ
֣׵İɣ

ͷˣȻ֪ȶ翣ָˣڴ֮䣬޷׽Ķͨˣ׵۹ʿʥشУޱ⣬ǾηΪⶫκһ飬׵۹ʥشУһӰ춼ܴ󡣼򵥵ľٸӱǣһˣ˼ãɽ߶ܼʥر˼ôű㶼ˡ
ⶫĸϵʵ̫ˣܿҲţȴҪ
ͷֻȭͷСʯһǿڣ˵ʯǡ۳ʵʯ
ԣһ£ʹʯˤڵϡ
˵ʲô

֮ǰʯĸ֣ˡȶ²ʯǺЩϵȴû뵽ϵô޴󣬾Ȼ۳ʵʯ
˰Ƕ翵ģ޷ۻʼǿ߶޷֪Ͳ׽ڣŵģȴ۳ʵʯ
ȷ

⵹ʵ˵Ļ̫˼ˡ
˰ȶȻ۳ʵʣ
⡭ʱѾǸƽˣôʣһʱ䵹ЩⶫүҲֻһҰʷ￴ʱΪ漰ˣԱǶ࿴˼ۣǵñȽȷʵеʯһģһǲǣ˵
üҰʷ
ҰʷȻżʵһЩ˵˶׫Ķʱô˵Ǹӻˣⶫ۳ʵʯ
еʯЩɣǺܿ죬üͷĸ˼֡ʱȭͷʯ뵽ʯʶе񽣸ӦĶ˴Ӧ˵ͬѰ۳ʯҲ˵
һʱ䣬ǸоЩìˡ
˶٣ʵǲҰʷϣû˵ʯã
ͷȻУܻɣʵϣӦþ˵ĸʵ⣬ԪԻĺܳãպҲüΪ
ˣ
ͻȻеʯ⻪ţһƬҫۣĻ
漴ʯ⣬ವһû룬ֱӴڡ
ʱһ
@#С͸ɽȥˣ⻹ûŪȥ𣿣
ֱۡ
ȻҲǾȣġĸʱȴһĳ嶯ûԼȥģ
ˣ
ĻŸո˵꣬ڵѪʹȱǷǾֱɢ貶Ŀ
漴һ̣ź¡һ죬ΪģһɳҵĽɫâֱӳ˲Ϣ뵽֮ڡ
飡
һɴΪĵƷ˳ȥ˦ȥʮԶ
ʱԲʮڵĿռȫȽɫ֣һɾ˵ܽ֯˳ͬϵľκ˰㷭
ԶסһĻ˫۶ʱɵĸԲ⡭
䣡
ܹ⵴һһɵ쫷磬ͬɨҶ㳯ӡңͬһʱ䣬ϵһĽɫԻÿһɫǽ֯ʥϢʵʵһ㣬⾪ˡ
һĽɫ䣬ʱԼ󾪣ڵѪʹȣһͬǻֵҰȫƿأʼзڣڣʱ嶼Զˣֻҧǿתһ˿ʶڣǼţǿȭͷʯԴԱߣ˿ɢ˿˿ȹĳȭͷʯС
ǣ
ֱݡ
ʯʱȻڻֽ⣡
ˣ
ʯԴԱߣģâøǿҡ漴һ̣ʯһֱӷ飬һƬĹԴȫıԴڡ
һĻһΪκԣԴΪҪڣʯǷֽԴУʹЩǡǾˣ˿ȴʲôҲˣǿܵһ˿ʶ⣬ʲôҲѪȣȫƿء
Сӣô
Զе
޷ֻǿʾ⣬ʱû¡
Ҳʱһһɰӿǻɽ˰㡣
ûйٻظʶٴڣֻԴһ̷ޱҫ۵ĹâȻһÿһʹ΢ÿһһɼǿӿһĻĸ
һʱ䣬ڵĸӿˣһֿٶ
ңҲʱܹˣѪʹȻڷͣȴԼԿˡ
΢΢ݣûгɣֱת̫ľͬʱʼԼĵ
ˣ
ת̫ľĽɫøӳҺǿʢٶҲøӿ졣
̶ʮʱ䣬Ϊһأڳţһ˵ٶڼ
ʹòԶ󾪣˫ֵɴ˼֣ΣҪֱӳ嵽ȥŸտûð𺳵Ķ죬漴һǿʯǱҰʷصʯ
ʱľΪٶȣֶסˡ
ˣ
ǰһɫĺ˰ӿ⾪ˡ
У̫ľתĸ죬ʹĽɫøŨͬʱӼԴøˣ׳˺ܶ࣬һƬƬâһɹɰӿÿһ䡣
Ȱӿ뵽̫ľľȿʼӿٵıǿΪڽ
ǿʯ۳ʵʣ
𺳡


943 ǿս
ЩȣʯֽıԴڣ𵽵ʵ̫ˣȵᾧҪ˺ܶ࣬ͬնΪʯȻԴǿΪڼ
һʯЧ˾ˣЩˣ翵۳ʵʯ
ˣ
ʯԴԴˣʱٴ˰ɿӿÿһ䣬ʹĽɫԽԽŨͷȾһԣ˷ǻƽһ㣬ۻ뾪ˡƵΪǿѪҪ񷡣
Сӡ
ԶĿ࣬ʵʱľΪٶ̫ˡ
ʱ貵Ľɫ䣬ϵϣһɫҡҷʥͣеĸ߲ʣһ˰㡣վеľȣǿԼת̫ľԴǿʯļĸʵٱǿ
ˣ
վɽ䣬΢΢˫ۣâ֯漴еĵ˸
ȵƽͣתۼͱŨͬһڷ
⣿
ŸʱǴ󾪣һ̣̫ľԴʯĴʼڣһڳѾõĻɽڱκˡ֮ǰǴδֹȻۻʵʱҲԶ޷ȣķڳ̶ԶԶƿء
Ŵ˷ڣϵĵʼͣһɿֲӿֱӱһƬռ䣬ͬŵ׵ĵ涼Ѻۣɿĳӡ
ԶĴųˣеľɫŨ⡭ʱĴ͵Щ£̶Ƭ̼ѾǱһ𾪲ѡ
䣡
Ƭռϯâͬһ㷭Ҫʮȫû
оһУ󾪣ֻԼƺҪ͵Ĵ˰㣬²˿иæųɵľͶ뵽ԼĴϣʼȫĵĽԼ뼺ĴڣĵϢ͸
ϢڵĴ򽥽ƽϢһЩȴͱǿٶޱȾˣ·һʳʵĽɱʿ㡣
ˣ
һת̫ľĬĬϢԼĴĵâԽԽǿڵĴԽԽ⡣
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱĵâȻڷţ֮һʼȴѾƽ࣬ҲʱԴʶΪ֮ʹʶһƬޱߵƬ磬ÿһθʱƬ磬ɽΰһƵâ˸һֺ嫵ĸо
ˡ

ʶƬ֪Ƭ粢ʵڣֻĵݻһֵԲ⣬ңʶѾνƬˣƬһҲİ
ʱ򣬾УԴʯȻȫȷʯᵽǱҰʷǵõʯֻ޺
΢΢˼ȷһ𾪣漴ֱϾ֮ǰѾˡ
΢΢ҡҡͷʼƬ硣Ĵݻ磬ҪƬ磬Լĵ
ʶƬ磬ϸϸ֪ƬУڸԼĵ
ĬĬۿƬ磬ֻƬøˣƬͬǰ㣬ճ䣬ľݰܺΨһǣһһĻĻĸ࣬ͬһƬư㡣
ѭ֮ģƺʼ׹㡣

һĻĻˣɲ֪⾿ʲô
һ㣬ھβѾǺʱ򲢲ȥ⡣
ʶ֯Ƭռ䣬۳Σ׳ɽ󴨣С
ճ䣬ļ棬һɽ£һ̵ֻһɫʯ󣬼ֻһ˲ѣɫʯͬµĵһ̮ݣһ׵ĺڶðȻûлͷ̵Զȥ
߹һƬ֣һֻɽ¹һˮκɽ¹Ƶ뿪ƽĽڣԴɽ鱩̼û˽ߵС
һɽɽӥӥĴų뿪Ѩȥʳһ˲䣬ɽȻѨѹķ飬ֻʣӥĴųڸ߿֮ϡ
ǡˣˣ
һĻĻ춯ݡ
ÿʯ˲䣬ʯسݣڶףɽ¹ˮתɲǣɽ鱩ûУӥո볲ɽ̮ӥֻ򵥵һȴⲻòݣ⡭ˡ
ҵĵǿʯӰ죿
ɻ󣬲⡣
˼ȴãֻҡͷһĬĬƬ硣
ʶУڽʱƵһĻĻһһζ漴ƬâøӾӨطеĲʺԻ
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ʵУĽɫø貣âҲøŨ
ˣʱҴţת۱¹ȥ
һ죬ĽɫʹâǱŨ㣬漴üļǹâ貣һɾ˵ӿϣֺܿƽ
һ̣˫ۣӼâ֯ӨʣһƬʥӡ
أ

µʱ䣬վڴɽһҲĬĬڵǿʯת̫ľĵһٴͻƣϴ졣
ʱʶӼʯѾȫԴҲƽ֮ǰø貣һδøǿ
֣ʱ䴫һͬƶеĵâ֮֯ǰǿʢһɾ˵ĴԵúܺˡͬʱоԼѪ࣬ǱøǿʶøڵͬɫڷƺԶҲпݽ֮ʱ
ã
н֯âм
ʱĸʵ˴֮ǰǿ̫̫ࡣ
Сӣôˣ
Զ˶ڣ󺰵
̧ͷԶһжãǳá
ϴЦ߹ȥ
Ȼһ̣͵һʶ𶯣һ˵Ļͻأֶʶ·һ˲䱻壬һƬ嫵ǿսСУһſŴըһڶںʣһԡѪӰǿг棬ɽӣһ˫޴ӶϣһȭƬǿա

ԡѪӰŭڣǿ̮ܱﾡֻʣ˫޴ӣޱߣ顣
￦ı飬ǿֹסͲȳһھѪ


944 鷳
ѪͲɫһ±ò԰˲١
ղţʶͻأֵĻ̫ˣƾն֣ξһ㣬ȴôʵȻǿսȻּ̧һſǳ
ǺεȲεս
ؼ䣬ܵǿȥս𣿣
˫޴ӣ˫ӣǵһܵһ˿塣ʲô飬ͫô޴󣿣ǿеǳǰɳһ㣬ֻһ˫ͫ׶ѣͽռ棡
ô£ǵʲô
̲סЩ΢΢
ವһԶ˹΢΢ЩɫСôˣ˵˰ɣǰһúõģϢǳǿᣬͻȻּѪתʵЩͻأʹݡ
û¡

ʱӶǸղʶǵȻ棬̫ˣȻ
ĻּЩãȻ𾪵ı飬ɵЩɣûܵˣôͻȻѪУһãȻ𾪵ı飬ô˼
ʶǵȻ棬м¶ǶĻȻҲǿܲܵһСҡҡͷ֣û¡˵ţǵѪһת̫ľǿԼƽ
Ȼˣ۵ε𾪣ɵüͷ
վԭأŷʶͻȻֵĻ棬ȥʮҲǺͷΪʲôʶлͻȻôһ»棬ȫ벻
뿪
һɽȥһ̲סǸǿջ档
Ʋ죬Ĵɫȥ
Сӿ϶ʲô˵⻰ȴҲûٶʲôΪɨһȦʱо˴仯˴죿
죬һɫֻɢϢ֮ǰǿ˺ܶࡣ
ͷӽжΣȫǿǿʯ˵㿴ǲҰʷӦüصûӦþ۳ʵʶ
֮ô϶һؼ֤㣬ǱǣǿʯڸԼĴʱһһйصĻ档
ʱ˵⻰ʱԺȴҲڻ֮ǰʶǿս棬Ѿƽ࣬۵ľɫҪʧĲˡ
۳Ķǡ
૵
ʼȻǿʯʯǲҰʷصݵȴվǺܿ϶˿̣ǿʯԿ϶Ŀǳʯ۳ʵʣǷоһȡ
죬ֺʵСӣ󣬳Ϊ⣬ʲô仯
۳ʵʯֵνȻȱ챦Ҳ֮ϡһʯȻ֪ЧΪͱֻǲΪһС̨ףĲ
ΪһС̨ףԴٴ˷ԾʽҪǴǿʢࡣ⣬ǣʶѪҲд

ԣʱԲ˫ĿǣʶѪı仯ãȵǣʯԴȻһᾧٴεõ˷Ծʽңǿʢ̫࣬ˣ
Ҫ֪ʯǰǴڴ죬ΪϣԴٴεõ귢Ծʽǿʢ࣬һЩˣãȻǰ벽ۻʼǿҲ𺳡
⡭ˣھԿնɱһصʿˣ
Щ𺧡
ԭսǿȴ仯սȻǳ¡
ͷԡ
Լı仯κ˶ܹоеİսնɱһصʿɱڶصǿߣѵҲܹ쵽Ƕˣȫ֣ҲԲܡ
ۣһĥģ̬Ǻõû˵۳ʯȻѰĵ˵ţȻɻ˵Сôһ˻֪ɷ²ôһʯ
һ㣬ʱһ룬ʵǾЩŹ֡
ͻȻ뵽ˡ
˾䡣
ĥȻǶ𰸺ܲ⣬Ҳûм׷ʡ
үҲѰһʯ
ĥ
û˵ʲôɽȥʶͻȻֵǸǿսĻ棬ʱʱһüͷʵǵԡѪӰ˫޴ӽ̫ˣǿ棬ڶʱںǡ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱѾԶԶ뿪ɽһС
ʿܶ࣬Ȼע⵽ǣɫͱ䡣
ǣǡǸˣ
ʿ죬󺧡
⸽ʱкܶʿڷҲǸɫ˸æ࣬죬һļηı顣
ǰƻʥŵɽ̵һĴȣɱɽ̸ԵǿߺǰסִȵĴϣѾʿѾ֪˿̿Ȼܺ£һͬһĶ졣
Сӣߵﶼ˺¿־壬ħͷͷһ

ûдԡѪӰ;޴ӵ£ԹǰߡطһʿķӦȻܲµǺǰɷɱɽ̸Եǿߺɱ̵һйء
Դˣ⣬Զȥֱ߳ȥԶʱ򣬴ܵһʿ˿
桭Ǹ˰
ǰʥŵɽ̵һĴȣɱɽ̸һǿߣɱǰȥסִȵϣһ˰
ֹһ㣬˵֮ǰڤĽڣīԪѪ⼸ɽһţǵʥҲ˸ˣ׷ɱȥľŸϺΧɱˣȴҲǲУ󷴶Ǳն˸һɶ
ʲô£
ȻУǧȷ
⡭
ȥֻŶʮһˣôô£
ʿۡ
ɽһֱڷ׷ɱʥţһӼɾˣʧأ˵дǿϧȴһֱûѰˡ֣ɽ̵˹ƺܿͻɱȥˡ
૵
ˣڤĽڵšᵽɱڤĽڣīԪѪŵʥӵǸʿڣţҲɳǿ׷ɱֻһֱûн֣Ҳܿɱȥ
ԣطһʿ΢΢һ뿪ķ򣬲ĸоЩһ˶ѣҪͬʱٰ˸ŵ׷ɱ£ֻһ;ͨ׹뵽һѩԨ֮¡
ʱѾ߳ȥ˼ԶȻΪǿɿЩʿȴ⣬ޱ仯
ûرȥĵطҲȥǵԡѪӰ˫޴ӵ£׼ٴȥˮľΪŸ첻ֿ죬Ϊ̫죬Ϊ˱ֵȶǱҪ¡ңľʿԱҲǷǳҪʱΪҪҪ
Զȥͽڴϣɽּ䣬ɽˮݣ񣬺ܿʱȥϵϢƽ࣬һֺܿĸо
һ죬߳һɽ׼һƬʱԶͻȻʮǿ֣ܲʮ˳ŵ򲨶ҴŴ̹ɱ⡣
Сӣ鷳ˡ



945 ˴ɱ
ʮӰԶ⽻֯ŨĴֻһ˲ǰΧÿ϶Ŵ̹ǵɱ⡣
쵭ĮЩˣϢܸоЩʥŵɽ̡
·
Եúƽ
֪ЩΪʲôȴ˿Ҳ⡣
ܣΧǿһжʮһˣǴǿڣʥˣɭˣˣɸˣռˡ
Щ˳嵽Χ죬ԭͶɱڣ˿̼ɱʱһƽƮƮĶ³·֣ϵɱǱøŨˣһקȭͷ·Ǻ޲һ㡣

ʥһǿڴ죬ʱֱӶˣͬһ˲Ϣͳǰצץǡ
ٶȺܿ죬ܾˣһ˺ѷӦȴ㲻ʲôֻ̧֣׾Ϳס˵
ʥɱ־ŭС㡭
飡
ޱ飬ƽ̧ȣһ˸ֱӺɰٶԶ
һĻʮ˶ɫһһ̣ЩϵɱǱĸŨ
ͬһʱ䣬Զ߷ɵǸʥŵĴǿ߱Ӿ˵ܣӰɶԶ¿˻
Ķ
죬קȭͷɫһƬࡣڴ죬ɷȴһͱ߷ˣڷŭͬʱһ˿裬ޱȶ
ƫͷȥһһɫâԻƿն
ۣ
ʥŵ˾ֱᴩӵըڲϣĿġ

˴𣬿۳һʱԵøӾŭøˡ
ԱߣǶݣ׷ɱ֮ǰѾ֪սǿɱǿߣǴ˿ۼʥŶֵгԱȴ̲סЩ𺳣ϾʥŶֵ˿Ǵڴ죬ǰȥɷסɽ̵ȵʿǿࡣ
Щϵֻһ˲ѣһ̣ٴθɱ⡣
ʥٴǿ߳Ϊһߣ壬ɢѪȴΪˣ˴ڴ죬ɱӿա
ңɱҲǼΪǿҴ̹ǣʮ̼һ𵴳ֱطһɹɵĿ쫷磬طת۱һƬ
վʮ˵İΧȦУɫʼպƽһҲûб仯һ̣ƶĿ⣬Ϸ
ͬһʱ䣬ϷʮԻʮӰٳÿⶼ֯ŵ򲨶ֱӶס죬ɱ⾪ˣʹɽ̵ĶʮԿۣ漴ɱĿٴϡ
ڤĽڣīԪѪɡСӣɽɱĶʮһˣܹʮʿɱˣ̻ǲС
˵
Եúƽʮʿû˿仯
ʮˣĮĵ˵һΣȫҪҵ·
ƽȴʮɫɭɱⱩǡ
ӣ
úϻʲôֱӶ֣ɱ
ɱ

ɱҪȡ꣬ʩԿ̣
ʮ˸鶾
䣡
תۼ䣬ʮ붯֣նһɱ⣬Ժˣʼ춯ֵǸʥŵĴǿߣɱŨңֱӳһڻͨն֮Ƴѹ£Ȼٶɱ졣
һʱ䣬񱩵Ϣ֯ʮ



һ촫ʮǿһֵƣԳסֱѷͬ֩һ㳯˷ӣɲ
Уȿ񱩵ɱ⣬ɫԵúƽޱ仯
ûж˵ʲôֱ̧֣ɫ콣âն
ʱ͵ʮǿߴͨɱȫ顣
ôܣ
ʮɫ
ʥŵǸǿҧλʩֻһ˶ѣ죬ɱ񱩣ǿͨĿޱȶһˣǿҲܵסôˣĽֻ֣С
ﬣ
𣬴̶ǳֱѹ˽Ļ
鵭Įնһ貵콣⣬·ǿԽ˿ռ㣬ֱʥŵǿǰֱն¡
ʥŵǿߵоĪвɫ䣬ٳȥȻɫ콣̫ˣҷܣûӶݵ·
ס
ۣ
Ѫըʥŵǿ߾ֱ飬Ҳһ
ʱʮɫԱ䡣ʱʮ˵ΧɱȦУ쾹Ȼô׾ɱһˣսǲЩĲ
һλᣬҵ·ٶҶ֣Ҳɱˡ
ʱڡ
ޱ飬ºֱӳǰȥ׼뿪ȥС
ܣʮǿ߶죬һ˿ɵɱȴŨ
ΪԼ޵ˣ
ʥŵһǿߺֱһƷɱˡ
λһϣ
ǲɱҵŵ潫ںεأ
Ҫ
ʥ˵ǿ߿ڣĳɱ˹ȥ
ʮǿϽɱ⼫Ũֻԥ˲ѣ˳
ɱ
ɭ̵һ˵ͺ𣬳һƷ֮Ϊ񱩵ɱͨ
漴һһĸϣչֳǿ
䣡
ת۶ѣɱܣһƬƬռ䡣
Щ£ĸļɽڵķ޽ܾ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶһЩʿҲ֪ȲһǶݡ
ǣ
Զʲô
ڴս
⡭ǿĲ
ƺдϢڽ֯ңֹһɣ
ȥ
ߣ
ܿ죬˳ڵǸλöȥ
úʿϵڵĵطŰ˴ŵʮǿչͨΧɱĳһǴ󾪡
ǡˣǰɱɽ̸ԵһǿߵˣܵˣЩˣãǡ
ʥţɭ̣ɸ𵺣ռڣɽ̵ǿߣУСīԪѪɺڤĽڣҲǿ⡭
ʮˣǴĴڣ
ϵʿ𺧡
䣡
ǰͨɱ޾ʮǿһ֣ƿνǼΪˣѿһƬƬգһƬƬĴء
УԵ÷ǳƽֻЩܼɱһҲٽ
ɭ޴̣
ɱ
ն
ʮУͻȻȣֱɭ̣ʥźͺռڵǿߣǴڴ۷塣˿̣˳嵽ǰʩչ˸ǿͨǼ˼Ĵ򣬺ƺƵĳѹ¡


946 Ҷͯ
ǿɱǰһԵǿʹǵʵЩˣתۼ佻֯һƬ⺣ʮ



ճƬ̮˵ĸոԶһʿļ¡
ȻԵ֮Уȴûаޱ顣
θǻᣬϧǷҪ
Į
䣬һ𣬽ɫɢֱӽѹǰĻķ顣
漴ٴζ֣һ콣âն֮ƿնֱ׼˳嵽ǰˣ¡
ʱ䣬ǿ߽Աɫͬʱов˲ñٳźӡ
ֻǣն콣âٶ̫ˣգ۱ϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫֱը˵޿ɵ޿ɱܣǱ콣âѹķ飬ͬҲһѣ˿У׵
⣿
ǿǿ߰ȻȻһ˲ͣͱ
ôܣ
ԶһʿԺȻǿߣȻ˲䱻ȫնɱ
ʥŵȰ˸׷ҲɫٴΪǿսֱ̧ǿ߼ͨͷ׽ȫͣսЩ𺳣ȻʥǴǿҲ⡣
һʱ䣬Щֻоˣܼɱⶼǲɵһ͡
ﬣ
Х̶쳹ʮ
ʱˣϸֳһɫâÿһ֮֯ܽǳն㣬ˡ
Ȼôҳȫǡ
ûʲô飬һƬâΪģܺƵȥ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
նĽâƿռ䣬ٶȿ켫գۼǽʣµʮȫ֡
һʱ䣬ĽƵʹð˴ɱЩ˸ɵô󺧣˶𣬳ǿͨ壬ͬʱŸֲЩâ
ȻԴն콣ͨͨԵֵסôܵĿֻգ۶ѣһͨȫ飬󲿷˱ĺɣа˸ǵըһ顣
һĻνЩˣԶһڹս߸һĶ¡
⡭ֻնĽѣȻͻ˵ֻͨһ͡ɱ˰˸ǿߣ
˺Ȼ
˶죬˫Ŀеֹͫסľ촽Щˣжô£⡭ȥֻǶʮˣʲôϹŶôܻȳ̶ȵս⣬⡭
ʱ죬طһʿסˣֻĶˣĺݺݶһ¡
ʥŵȰ˸־ŭղŵһ˲䣬ǰ˴ʧһǿߣ

һ𣬲Ҫɢһɱ
һҪɱɱҵδ棿
Щ˴
ɱ
ʥŵǸǿ߳ǰΪʮǿˡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ԭʮ׷ɱǲŹȥûã˿ֻ̱ʣ˶ʮһˣڵдʧʹʮһ˾ԾŭޱȡʱʮһͨһɹɴҪǮѹ죬ɱˡ
һ飬رߣһѷɿķ
鵭Į΢̧ƽѹ¡
ͣ
һ촫ѹǰһͨһɹɴȫ顣
ʱٴαɫ
ô᣿
ʮǿ뾪Ǽɱͨ˴򣬺һԿ׻ɱǿߣ˿ǰȴôĴ
ɫĮ̧һ𣬴ƬâԻһܡ
ʱ䣬ʣµĶʮһǿѣֱӱȽâѹķ飬һɢš
ǻĻᣬǲҪҪ·̤ǾͲҪ顣
Į
â֯ϣֻǾվԭأɨ˴ɱʮˡ
ʱʮ˶ǿߣΪҲǴڴ۷壬һǿ󣬵ȴ˿ҲСҪ֪Ȼ˴죬Դȶ˷ԾʽǿڵʿҲԺĽ֮նЩˣеǺ
ﬣ
ϣһɫԻÿһ֯˫ɱ
СֵܣСֵܣ
ͻȻһжϵһǵĴȺܳΪٳܹȥ
ƫͷȥ΢΢ݣϵĽâʧ
㡣
ߣЩ⡣
ǵãҶҵһͣҶͯȥʱһ棬ԷպʱҶͯйΪ
ԱߣҲЩŹֵͣ׶ԷΪλܵ
ʹԶݱǰ˺ܶ࣬ת۳嵽ǰץ䣬ˮץסһݰ㣺СֵܣҵˣҡҲ˿԰æˣ㣬ȥȾСүȾСү
֪ͿеġСүҶͯʱɫ΢΢Щ
Ҷͯôˣ
ʵ
Ҳ̲סڣСƨôˣ
ץ䣬ֹסĲǰСү󲻾ãҶ˺մͻȻ֮ҶڣСүСүͲĸˣݺ᣺Сү۾ˣڣ죬Ҫˡ
һһͬʱɫ䡣
˵ʲô
ʵ
һץ͵죬ʱûпȥͶǺܲصΪΨǺ⣺˵ô£
Ÿ²õĵһӣ̫ۣȻ˫ۣ
ûᣡ
ͻȻһʥŵĴǿ߳𣬹ɱ֮Ƶ
ɱ
ʱ׽ȫˣǿս
һʱ䣬ʮ˵ͨʹһ𣬻һĺѹ£źԶʹôռѣԶһʿԲ󺧣һЩΪôǿ˸ȿ񱩵ֱ꣬ɰԶ
ɣ
սзģʱҪ
С񣡡
ʮ˽Ŀⶾ
ʱʮȫԵɱͨʹںһ𣬱ƿ˲ɱһˡһ̣Ǻһƶںϳ˫ɱƺƵĳѹ£ɱʮпռ䡣

ͷҲأֳһ˦ֻͼֱԻ̼ͬѹС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʮȫںϳɱ˲Ϣ䱻һҽûüըȫ


947 Ҷͯ
Ѫ֯ڿУܵ˶סˣȻ
⣿
ʮ˸ǿߣȻһͱ

һ˶죬ʱԸоһ־壬̲סɪɪ
Ͷסˣһͣû뵽쾹Ȼô¡
Ψ챾ɫǰĺͣ˵ô£˭Ҷͯ˫ۣ
Ÿ²õĵһӣȻ˸̫ۣŭ֪
ͻعǲܽһܽҶ˺մ˲Ÿոʦ֣ʦһ̵Ľ֮ǰҶңСүСү˵Щ˵ȥˣֻĸݺᣬеĺøŨ
ȥҶһΣ֪Ϳеܽ˭ΪҶһļˣҹʱˣжʱǺ⡣
ǸŮˣ
۴ɱ⡣
Ͳץ죺졭ȥȾСүСү첻ˣ
ɫڣźͣ˲ʧԭأͬһɫ㳯Ҷڵķȥתۼš
ٶȣһʿ𾪣̲סݺݲһ¡
ɫҲÿɫ˫һ𣬻һɫ磬˲Զȥ
תۼ䣬طֻʣ˴Զһ𺧵ĹսʿǶԶȥķֶȥһٲ̲סȻ
ߵֻȻҲôǿ󣿣ٶȣٶȡ
˾㤡

źȥٶȼ죬ߵľٵˣ·ʱܵ˸һ㡣
ɫٶҲȵĸں档
תۣʱȥǰֳһ޴ĸۡȥۡͤ¥в׵֯УǰϿһҶ֡
ʱҶŽĹرţҶںܰǰʮ˰ء
źͳҶ⣬ɫֱӳҶȥ
ʲôˣվס
ǰ⣬ʮǰü
첽䣬һȻƵĽӭǰʮȫɣ漴ҶҵͥҲԵסȴƣֱӱ飬ͬҶҸۡҲ̮˲١
һʱ䣬ҶڵһʿǴ󾪣˶˳
ô£ʲô
˺ȵ
һ̣ҶҳһڵӶǰǼ졣
УЩҶҵǰҶͯ壬ʱٴμǲɵɫһ͡

֪ҶӵһʱǽԭأʱĻ᲻֪ΪζΪҶͯ˫۵£Ҷ£˶Ѿ֪ˡ
ȻҲвҶӵ֪ܲ죬ʱǳǰȥܿ죬Щֶĺͣһǲɵֹס˽Ų
ǿҶӵܶźͣȵ壬ôһô£
ʱֻǵҶ֮ͯɫпЩҶӵܣָҶڵһ¥еĶСүǱߵĸ¥죬ǿȥ˫ۣСүϢÿ£ѾѾҪˣ
źָķ򣬵ȥ
Աߣϡ
ͥ٣Ҷ߳һӵԭǴź⣬˿ź͵ĻԼ˺ʹصƺҶͯйأƺΪҶͯ˫۶Щ˸һʱûΪƽռ䣬ҶͯΪҶСүȴÿ˶òأͨҶӵϲʱ漰Ҷͯ£ЩͨҶӵȻǽ
ûκں͵Ĵ·£ܿҶҵһ¥ǰֱ𿪷˽ȥ
СүСүҵʦˣˣµģ
Ϳٳ嵽¥ڵһ񴲱ߣסᡣ
ʦʦ
ϴ
һǿ絽񴲱ߣֻϣСҶͯһţԭЩһȦʱڴɪɪķŶСһƬ԰ף˫۲һɫɴԼ仹ЩѪģʱ
ʱ䣬ǿĵĺݺһ¡ǰСһﻹƤɰཱུģ۾һƬȴôҵڴǡ
Ȼһо۵ףɫҲǶʱúѿ
յģ
̲סŭ
ϣСҶͯϤѾݵĲӵ͵Ķ£ǡ塭塭Сһ﷢ͯҪվеʦʦʦСһܿɰˣҲܴϻۣϤ֪ˣ֪Ҳһˡ
æ֣Сһ﷢ŶӣɫһӿСһУʦ
СҶͯʱĸˣСڿץץ䣬ҺܾõĺӼΨһףʦʦףˡСһΪ˫۱ߣͫȴѪ˲Ⱦ˲İɫɴҡˡ
Сһɫ԰ףģCһȦСֽץ죬ͣ
΢𣬱ЩᡣĵһӣΨһĵӣǰģŵԼΪǿ˾ͳȥڣȴô
ϵĽɫøŨֱת̫Сһ塣
£ʦڡת̫ĹâСһ֣͵οСһģʦΪĶ
Աߣץ˫֣Ҷ˺մܽʦ־ˣʦһ̵ĽΪСүСײͽСү˫۸˳ڣСүۣһֻܽҶʥϣһֻ۱ʦڵĴ̡˵ͲޱȵСҶͯ᲻ʣСүСү
ҶҵˣƽСҶͯΪҶҵСүλ磬ȴǷǳأһһĽССҶͯ˶Դܲޣ
ģģԾܽǸһУСĸĸһҲǱ⺦СۣŭɱӯҰ⹷յļˣ
ɫԽɫ⽫СҶֹ֣ͯסͫѪͬʱСһӴϱ


˻ϣʳɱõ춼ԸأʱȴûоֱܾǴЩСҶͯԼļϣС㣬ץȡ˵ţҲСҶͯ
СһȻһ塱ȻúúûСһ
۰ĿϵСҶͯ漴תɫ˳ȥ
һ˲䣬ɱҶء


948 
߳¥ɱ⾪ˣÿһҶڵͤ¥һѺ۸ֶҶڵһӵܸ˶ǲɵ÷
ɫӴɨӣѾ֪ܽҶʥںδ˴·úһҶӵĲУҶһԺǰǿʶɨӣܽҶʥʱԺڡ
˭
ԺǰʮҶӵİţÿ˵ΪǷǳǿ󣬼ʱ䶼ǰɫǱ䣬еĳǹ˸˿˿⡣
ûһ֣Ųû˿ͣ٣һɴӿͬ쫷糯ǰ
飡
飡
飡
ԺʮҶӵȫѪɣҽУû
ǰԺӵŵİ飬ߵĺǽҲһ̮Žɳ
Ժڣһ۱ͿһһʮкܽҶʥͼͬʱһĻһӣѪΪǲҲ֪ܽɷҶһļ
㣿
ܽ죬ּܿСҶͯ΢ݡ
ԱߣʮҶʥһϮ£ɫĮϵСҶͯһ˿Цͳ۾ӨԵ

󣬺ͼܽʱ両ֳ֮ɫק˫֡
ܽʱɫһźͣūţôĵӣôң
ͬһʱ䣬ҶҼǰһɫҲЩ䣬ź͵壬̫ˣʲôݣȻôƺܽ˵ţƶĿ⣬ŵҶͯ漴ֽĿǰϣУһһ˭ǽҶңΪνҶͯӸ¥˳ʲ
飡
ɫ⵴һɿֱҶҼϣֱӴĻһ֮ɨʮԶڿһѪ죬ҲһҽС
ʮҶʥݣף
ܽɷɣɫҲһ䡣ɷΪҶҼΪ߾Ӱ벽Σ񣬾Ȼô򵥾ͱˣľ
һ̣ɫǱɭȻǿ󣬿ҶңҶڣûηɡ죬ڣôġ
ž
һĶ춯֣սܽɣݻѪˮ
ĸף
Ҷʥֽе
ɫסҶʥֻۣۣҶ̫ͯۡ
Ҷۣͯӵ۾ȴߣϣ
Ҷʥ粽ϣҪȡҶͯۡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ͻȻƿ𣬾ŵЩϵӰԺڣǰ
˺ȻҶһ̫ϳϣΪǴڴΣȻǾסԺӵԱߡʱǰʧȥ˫۵СҶּͯź͸һߣǲɵüͷ
һͣüͷʵ壬ˣô£
ק˫֣Сүʦ˵ţ޵ɳȥܽСү۱ߣܾôˣȻʦֶ֣һҲйϵһģҪΪСүֻع
ҶҾŸ̫ϳ϶Ƕݣ졣֮ǰҶͯиʦȴۼʱ΢ЩԾ֪Ϊζ
һʱ䣬˵üͷĸ˼ֶ֣Ǹҡͷһ̾Ϣ
Сͯðɽ̵ƽ̣ʹ˫۱ڣҲʹȴ޿κΣɽ̫ǿˣԶԶҶҿǵ𣬹ֻСһ̫Сġһ˿ڣܽҶʥºܽ޹أң֮󻹶ܽڣɽ̵ƽ̷һֻ۸ҶңһжǿʦܽϣҶҽһֻҲסܻѡ
ԣʱŭЦɽ̵ƽʦüҶңǺҶеףֻΪС㲻Сײһ£С˫ۣǼ϶һͶȥˣôɵ¶벻ͨ
ҶҾΪ϶ɫһ漴ٴ̾Ϣ
㲻֪ɽ̵ƽΪǳǿ󣬱ƬǼ˶˿Ըȴǳ죬²ֻʦһˣʦȻҶңҶң˵ףûۡ
еһҡͷ˵ɫΣ⼸ҲǲɵȭȻжɽ̵ƽ̷ǳк⡣ȻȻˣȴ޷ʲôΪɽʵ̫ǿˣҶҸǲ
˻£ҶŸ̫ϳûΪ׵̫ϳϿڣȻΪСͯôҶӵܺͻҶͥ£ǾͶ׷ˣڽСͯ£ȥɡ
УһԶɵܽվϴָӡʱĶ죺ҳңܷ뿪ɱֻԼǸ幷ūţͳͳɱһҲ£
ҶҾɫУΪ׵̫ϳܽܽ˰ɣϾСͯʦΪСͯҶûдҲûˣˣ뿪ˣں壬Ժ֮Ҷұǡ
ܣܽĶˣҪɱǣ
λ̫㴳ҶңҶͥҶһӵܣҸףִĸףôŹˣҶҵ浱ںεأ
Ҷʥʱڣֻʮ꣬ȴһ죬ɫĶ죬н֯˿˿Ƶ⡣
ҶҾŸ̫ϳϵüͷĸЩϵɫҲŨ
ǻ֣ҶҾŸ̫ϳϲֱӶ춯֣ܽļУǲҪˣҶͯðʦ֣ҶңҶҹѾѣỹһֻڣȫᱻߣһжǿҵϣҶﱻ۸Թ۷Ź֣Ҿ̴Żʥɽ̣ٲҶңҶһֻҲס
ҶҾŸ̫ϳһҶͯڳۣҶѾܽٴҶʥҶҾһֻҲûˣʧ̫󣬵ǶϾҶԺ˵ϣ£ǳܲңܽĴҶʥصɽ̣ʦƽ̵ĹԸ˵Ҷһѡ
һʱ䣬ҶҾŸ̫ϳϵɫǱѿɵöȭͷ
ܽž˼Уǻ
ž
֣ٴνܽɣȥԶݺײһʯϣĲҽС
漴ٴζ֣սܽеǰһѿסԷĲӣɫ˫Ŀͬɱ
ܽ
ĸף
ҶҼҶʥ̲סС
ͬһʱ䣬ҶҾŸ̫ϳҲæڣСֵ飬ſ
ǵ裡

ܽĲӣǿӿֱû뵽ܽʶڶԷĲҽУһʶӻǿ˳
ʱ䣬һϣԻһңܽҶʥУӻﴫ˳
ĸףҶ̫ۣͯڵжûд
ȷʵģΪҲû뵽ǸС֣Ȼôһ˫ۣ
̫ۡʶӻУʮҶʥק˫֣һĽͼʵɫ㽣Ҳ̫۸öãҵǿ츳ټ̫ۣһ򶥶ˣɾ͵ۻλ鶼Ҫң
һʶӻУܽ˶٣䣬ɫޱţΪȥʦ֣ʦɽ̵ƽ̣Ȩ˫ΪɱСֵĸĸΪֻۣһֻ㣬ΪʦҲãһֻۣʦߡ


949 Ҳʧȥ˫۵ζ
һʣһԻдʱҶҾŸȫɫ
ҶҼһɫ䣬Ȼ²֪飺ܽ㡭
Ȼˣ
ŭɶ

⣬۾ˡ
ܽɫһ±ĲҰһƬһߣʮʥҲǲ
ģǼٵģٵģԩҵġ
ܽУһֲ̾ҽ
ɫٴζ֣ܽʶʶӻϡһΣгֵһɽܽһվһŽۣͷϹڣĿЩգӻд˳
ʦãȷ̫ۣ
ȻȷҶҵ̽ѰˣǴ˵е̫ɣʦ֣һԵ̫ۣҵĺˣǰ·ΪԻͣ
̫ۣ٣ܺãǳã
ʦ֣СֵĸĸʵҪۣȵúúòһʶӻУܽĿʦΪȵȽСֵĸĸĨ
Ȼ֮ǰǳ˹ЩʱʱΪֻ·һʶӻУЦ֮ȥҶͣʱΪЩС⣬Сͯðңұȡ˫ۣ½̵ʵΪֵΪССҶҾ˿΢ʣ֮Ϊֳƿһֻ۸ҶңʥֶҶһж£
ʦӢ
ʶӻдЦ֯ҶԺڵÿһ䡣
ʱ·ˡ
ܽ
ҶΪ׵̫ϳŭĿԲͷʨӰ㡣
ģ㾹ˣ
ˣ˰
ҶôӭȢһŮˣ
ҶҼ̫ϳŭ㣬۾ˡ
ԭΪСҶͯСðɽ̵ƽ̣۱ڣΪܽڣҶҲǿסһֻۣûѣ˻ܽимȴ룬һоܽƣɱҶգٲ̵ĶҶͯۡ
㣬㡭
˶ܽޡ
ҶҼܽʱһҲ˵ˡ
СҶͫϣ˫۱ߣʲôҲȴüʱСҲǲʿ㣬ô׶ô㣬ҶͯҲ㣬ΪʲôҪɱס
СһޱѹͫʺѪҺİɫɴָȾһƬ
⹷ˣ
ŭǿŭ͵Сһ֣ΪСһֹסѪͬʱСһ
㲻úú
ͶܽĿѡ
ҶҵˣҶȴδūͿСҶͯǶأʱСҶͯһСҶͯޱϲܽƺҶգҶ̫ۣͯ޲ܽ
ܽɫҰף¶ɵЩܿ죬ɫֱģôҶͯĿ̣ƾʲôСд˵е̫ۣƾʲô䣡ֻҶۣ
㡭
ҶҵľŸ̫ϳԵøӷŭˣһ޵Ƿ
ɫܽĲӣֱ̧֣ݺһȭ丹
ۣ

ܽĲҽУֱӱȭ򴩣Ѫˮֹסĺ
ʱϵʧˣȡ֮ʹ;壬
ܽ
ĸף
ҶҼʮʥͬʱɫ
ҶҼǰȥ죺Сֵ̧֣ͷŹܽһΣ󡭡
飡
⵴һɴֱӽҶҼĺɣѪˮֱϡ
ƫͷּܽ佣â£֣ᴩ
ҵ۾
ܽҽУиӾҵѪˮȾ˴ա
һʱ䣬ҶҾŸ̫ϳ϶һ
Ķܽҵ˫ۣҲʧȥ˫۵ζ
нâ£ٴγ֣ܽһֻ۾ᴩ

ܽҽУø
۾ҵ۾
ܽҽУѪˮȾˣͬһ㡣
ɫ飬Щ̣ٴγ֣סֱܽۺݺһŤ˺Ѫˮա
ܽҽУ˫Ŀᴩӱţֻʹʹĵ˫ȣңҡ
ٴγ֣нâܽҲնԶ

ܽĲҽУʱѪǴӵԹ㡣
ɫ䣬ʱɿסܽӵ֣һŽ߷ʮԶ
ܽԶѪȾƬأ΢΢ĳ鴤ţȾѪˮǿ־;ҵ۾ҵ֡
һĻЩˣǲ̣ȻҶҾŸһ̫ϳϣʱҲ¶˾֮ɫ岻סĲ
ܽ
ҶҼԶվ𣬳ܽλȥ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Ҳʱ̶ĽХ𣬲ϣĽɫâͬˮն䣬ֱӽܽûѪˮɳ
ɳɢȥһӣܽʧˣֻʣһЩһЩѪڴУԽɫն˸顣
ʱҶҼɫұ䣬ʮҶʥݺһҶҾŸ̫ϳҲɫܽˡ
ˣˣⶾˣ
ק˫֡
ĿɭյĳӣˣӦŶԣ
ɫ䣬ʱƫͷסʥǰ˳ȥҶͯһֻ̫۱ʥϣҪȡ
ҶҾŸ̫ϳϼʱʥȥʱ䶼һһʱ䶼ǶˣȫҶʥǰ
СֵҪʲô
Ϊ׵̫ϳϵ
ȡҶͯĶ
䡣
ԣҶҾŸ̫ϳϵɫǱ˼֡
Сֵܣ򲻿ɣֻ̫ѾͻʥںһǴ˿ȡֻĵģ
Сͯ״Ѿ޷ˣȡۣҲûκãֻƽ׻ٵģ
ȻСͯܲƽǣҶֻʣһֻˣ𣡻Сֵ̧ܸ֣ŹʥֻۼڻʥϡСͯǻᾡģģ
ҶҾŸ̫ϳ϶Ǵ󼱡
ɫֻһ֣
һһɰڵǾκһ㣬ϯϰ˻ġ
飡
飡
飡
ҶҾŸ̫ϳɣԴڿѪ
ҵӵĶٵҲֻҵӣˣ˭ҲռУ
̹ǡ
ô˵ȴоԵİҶͯߵ̫ٻصҶͯϣΪƿоŴ֮һҩġҩ䡷ⲿȱĵɵ֣ټ֮ΪԿɱ֤̫۲˿ġ
סҶʥĿ䣬ǰȥ


950 ҶҾ
Ϣ䣬Щˣӭʥȥʹʥɵò¡
⹷յСҲǺöУȡۺɱ

Ŀһǰȥּâ֯һҩڵͬʱҲƲƶ
ˣס֡
ͻȻһϵһ߳ԺڣѪľˡ
ڣ
ҶҾŸ̫ϳǿ󣬽ƾƾǾˣʱԼһ֣ɵöеͬʱҲ˿
棡
ҶҼҲһ
ҶһϮۣɨԺӣһʥԶϵСҶͯĿٴϣ̾£ϷѾ֪ˣµܽȻѾɱͰְɣǽٴӻʥȡߣĻᵼ۴Ǳ٣Ҷҳܲ𡣡
춢Ҷ棺Ҷҳܲ𣿡Ŀɭ䣺ҶҳܲҵĵӾ͸ʹࣿ͸ñ˫ۣںڰУ
Ҷ̾ϢһϵҶ֪ͯС̺ͯܲܲƽΪ˱ס۵ãΪҶҽʢֻܶԲСͯˡ죬ˣְɣ˵ףҶҵ¡
ɫӱһɿ񱩵ϢȻ͸
䣡
ɫڣһʱϯҶҶͬһʱ䣬ΪģҶҵĵرϱ飬һѺͬ֩㳯ӡ
һ˲䣬˽ԱɫҶҾŸ̫ϳֻüˡ
ȻǿҶ棬߾Ӱ벽澳ʱҲɫ䣺㡭
һ̣ɢѹֲ̫ˣһͷԳ˯˹ǵȾѹļ£Ǳеס˲һ㡣



ֲƵɫâ𶯣ҶҸһŽͣѿ
Ҷҵ£̹ǣҶͯ۱ߣڱϣǽҶͯ۵űСԺʮҶӵԺ⣬Ÿ̫ϳԾסԺӸػ۵СҶͯȴڱĸ¥Уȴһ⣬ʽҶ£Ҷ棬ɱ⣺ŲţֱӻҶң
䣡
⣬ɫøӷڣʹҶһζĸƺһ̾Ҫ̮顣
ҶǱɫ㡭
ʱϢˣ벽ǿ߶ļ¸С
ҶҵľŸ̫ϳϸǸҲû뵽ҶͯʦȻô£ʱ£ǽվҪվˡ
ڣͻȻһҶʮʥ쿪ڣɫЩڣҿΪˣڴ죬ûΪߣֻƺǿѣ񻪽֯һʵĸоҵۿԿܶණ԰߽ƺʽͨڣһɱɱΪĸױ𣡡
ҶҶҾŸ̫ϳϽʥʥۣһӿ
⺢ӣѾֻںϵĵزʹֻˣ
Ҷҵһ̫ϳ̲ס
ȻҶҲԾҶʥۣǸоһɾ˵ܽУʱһԼֻ۾±һ͸˵ĸо·Լһж͸˰㡣
Ҷʥֻۣһ˼漴죺ˣˣͰ߰ɣҶҵ£Ϸȥˣ㴳Ҷһ£Ҳ׷ϵҶͯСͯģϷԺΪѰ۾ԺǾܰί
Զʱŭȣɱ¶Ѱ谡϶
ĿʱЩ飬ĶҶ档
ҶҶʥйâ֯ͻȻеСģˣ
ৣ
ƿ֮Ӱ˲ҶǰĿ顣
Ҷ͵һٶȫûƶģҶʥ̫ҲûܹӦʱɫ䣺롭
ﬣ
̶ռ䣬ҶؿգۼǳʮѪȫᴩһһɴ˦ԶĿѪˮ˳ա
ڣ
ҶҾŸ̫ϳĵ㺮Ҷһǿߣ߾ڰ벽澳磬ɴ˿̣̫۵ʥ£ȴȻһûе£ڣǾ˱Ķûпûп֡
⡭ôܣ
ڴ죬ôôǿ
Ӧð
˾֡
һ̣ǿǾ㤣һеĿ־С
Ŀ飬ɱ⽻֯һҶʥ
ҶʥһҲ˿־壬ʱȻ̫ۣܿܶණܿĶΪȴ̫죬ʲôˡ
㡭
ɪɪ
δʥһɴеݺݵʥϡ
ʱ䣬ʥɣһײԶһʯϣĹиǲͣӿѪ̶Ĳҽ˰ζûܹվ
ʥ
ҶҾŸ̫ϳϱɫȫǰ
СֵܣסְȥҶһֻҲססְ
Ϊ׵һ̫ϳϽе

쿪ڣ飬ɫâϯʮ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһҶҾŸ̫ϳͬҶԶһǴڿѪɢϢȫ˥ȥ
Ŀ䣬пᣬһҶʥÿһ£µĵ涼飬˵ɱҪһС
תۼ䣬粽ɵҶʥǰ
Ҷʥųǰ죬ӿޱȡ
Сֵܣְ̧ҶҼʱԶ˹Ҷʥǰɪɪ죺Сֵܣ㡭ѾɱܽҶͯˣͷŹʥɣѾһۣҪȡֻ̫ۣʣһֻˣѰ۾ҲѿΪϣֻǸӰһֻۣԺɸô죿㣬ͷŹɣˣ
̫ۣɱ֯ҶۣͯʲôʱҶʥ̫ۣҶҼĿ̹ǰı㣬޲ƷӲ̸֮޶ıҶۣͯڣ㻹վǰ飡
ɱ⽻̧֯ɫͼԻֱӽҶҼ֡
Ҳ
пᡣ
˵һɫͼ𶯣ֱûҶҼڣʹҶҼҽС漴һ̣ʧӰ٣һΪȫϡ


951 ȡ
ĺܷŭܾûôŭˣŸ²õĵһӣǰཱུģΪժΪȣΪȡˮÿɰºټСһȴǱཱུۣӏCĲӣģʱ
ҶҵЩˣȴǽ۵Сһڱĸ¥Сһ۵ػڣЩȻ֪࣬ҲһȡرҶۣͯһڳҶʥ̫ۣеŭ·һŭڷ

ڳһɴҶҼ𿪣һΣֱӽҶʥץ˹
Ҷʥ񻪽֯ǿ־壺Ҫҵۣ
ɫ⽻֯ҩԻҲһ˳
Сֵܣסְ
ҶԶ˻Ѿ޸塣
ͬһʱ䣬ҶҾŸ̫ϳҲǶ޸壬ʱȫ˻
Сֵܣɰ۵ģ
Ҷֻʣһֻ̫ˣСֵܣְ̧
⣬۰
ҶҾŸ̫ϳϽеҶһһǳܹȥ
䣡
ץҶʥϢøӿ񱩣һɻԲƵ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ĽХصڣǧ콣âͬһɱս㻷ܣÿһɢնĲÿһţҶ;Ÿ̫ϳֹס˽ŲһǲĲ
ɱǣ

񱩵Ϣ֯ϣһɹ쫷磬ͬʱһɱҲһɢʹð벽澳Ҷ涼Ǻݺһжʱ־塣
ֻסҶʥйâ֯ƲƣסҶʥϵҶ̫ͯۡ
ҶʥĸˣʮС־帲ǣҪ
ۣ

ҩһ𣬽Ҷͯһֻ̫ҶʥȡأʱѪˮҶʥĲҽѪˮȾ˴
һ˦֣Ҷʥʯȡһʢ͸Һ壬Ϊڵʱһȡĳˮȳˮ̴Ƭѵõϡ䣬˶κã˿ҪʱҶֻ̫ۣͯϡҺ̫ۣǺʡͬʱҲֻ̫ʩʮҩƽ֮ƣȷֻ̫
СĽֻ̫ҺУ漴ٴƷӡסڣǺܽĽ֮ΪڣֻȡСҶͯһֻ̫ۣʱΪСһȥҪֻ̫һѰʹСҶͯһ̶ȣҩȣΪСһ½ۣ»ָ
ٴζסҶʥ
ɱ⹷յСҲУԪ֮һ

Ŀ䣬̧ϵ콣âһʱȫ׼Ҷʥ
ҶʥֻʣһֻۣʱҽУٴζǿ־ޱȡ
СֵܲҪҪҶҼ˹˿ȥѾ˥˺ܶ࣬ٴҶʥǰ֮ͬǰһ㣬֮ɫкãкãҪɱͷŹɣĻֻǸ֪ӶѰˣ
춢ҶҼŭⷭӿ
֪ĺӣ㿴ҴܽʶʶӻǸ֪ĺӣ˵ܽҶͯ۵˼ҲΪ֮ǰҴСҶͯԺӵһ˲䣬ʧȥ˫ĿҶͯǵЦͳΪûп˵ֻһ֪ĺӣ
ŭ
ɱ
ٴοڡ
ԭÿɰСҶͯȴ˫ף̵Ķۣģںڰ֮У컹ޱȷŭ
ٴζסҶʥɱÿһǺš
ҪСֵܣŹʥɣԸˣˣ
ҶҼ󣬾ֱǰͣͷ
ŭɱʱҶҼ󣬼ҶҼֱ¹ҶҼΪԸٻЩϵɱһٳû¡
Сֵܣ㡭ͷŻʥһ·ɣҲֻǲʮѰ
Ҷʱڡ
ҶҾŸ̫ϳҲڣŹҶʥ
ʦʦҪɱС硣
󷽣СҶͯ
Сһܶ£ҲȻȴüǿҲܹ׽¡
ܷŭʱΪСһҲ˿ڣվû˵ʲô
󷽵СҶͯǰͣͷҶҼŭ֯κϵɱվһһɢȥ
ҶҼҷΪ͵Ӵһٴ̧ͷҶҼҶʥҲɱǣҪе
̧֣˵һɫͼԻɿûҶʥڣڶԷĲҽнԴһǷӡĥ飬ϳΪͬʱʹ֮޷ٿ֮·ֻԷ֮ɹһ
ҶҼһᣬͷллСֵܣллֻҶʥûɱҶʥѾĪĶˡ
û˵ʲôֱתŵСҶͯԱߡ
ʦ
СҶͯȻʱˣȴܸоԱߣСڿץȥκ䡣
ϧСһº͵СһԴ
ԣʦȡһֻۣϢӣΪ½۽ȥʱܿļˡ
˵
š
СһϣԹԵĵͷ
СһԴ漴ͷҶȥ
СֵܣҪСͯȥ
ԺҶ̲סڵ
ֹסŲĮڿʼҶҲ˿ϵɽҶֻͯĵӣ
ҶԶǺݺһҪ˵ʲôȴʲôҲ˵ڡ
ߡ
һҶȥ
ͿҶˣû£Ҳȥ
ҶڣСҶͯϣ˫۱һȦɫɴţɫɴϴԵѪ졣
Ҷߣ;ŲҶӵܣЩҶӵܼŲŰɫɴСҶͯ˵ɫôÿ
Сү
ЩҶҵͨӵܶСҶͯǺϲ˿ҪǰȥȴվûУɫȻԶԶĿš
һҲûУСҶͯһ߳Ҷңܿ뿪ҶҵķΧҲһֱ
úһߵһڣڸֲ겻٣¡
ͣ˼ңʱֱɣСҶͯԺңһչ˺
ܸͣмСһĸĸȥСһ۱ںֻͼᶨƵСһߣܳҶȥѰ¸ȥСһˣٹЩӣһӿĻΪСһ¶ۡ


952 
Ļ˵ͷǿͿ£Ѿۼʶˣ벽漶ҶҲһжסСҶͯţȫԷģûκιǡСҶͯ죬˶٣ʵСүһֻۡʵǳ£СҶͯһֻȴǿʢɽ̣ڷֿǰ֪СҶͯһֻܲܶ
ҵӵĶ˭Ҳòȣ

ĮǿţҲɱ⡣
һ漴صĵͷСҶֱͯ𣺡СүūˣԺʦһúչģںδūһֱΪ
СҶͯСڿץţæ˹ȥסСҶͯ֡
Ҫúõġ
Сһ˵
ΪСһСһľѾ࣬ͬһʼǰˡ
ᣬͷǺˣ죺СֵܣպСүͰˣ
û˵ʲôĬĬͷ
͵лһԶЩĿСҶͯ漴תȥ
Ҷˡ
˵
ȻΪԶ¡˵ţϧСҶͯԴȥɽ̡
Сһһֻ۱ȥɽ̣ᵢ飬Ҫȥȡء
ͷƬǳ˽⣬СҶͯȥ
ɽ̣ڤĽڣīԪŵʵ൱ƬεĴÿһʱڵ漶ʿ¶ңǿ߶ڶ죬ƬεĴڶ⼶
˵
ͷԱߣնУƬλöȥ
СҶͯһһٶȺܿ죬úһɽǰ
ȥɽߣܱһưɫһʯһ·ɽ죬ϸͦΣԼһ̻Ի͵ĸߴ
ɽ̡

ĿЩ䣬󣬾ֱǰĳʯȥ
ɽ̶ͨͣȴܳʮţǺܻҲǴʶ죬ͷǴվ硣
ﳯǰȥʮµӶʱüȥ
ˣ֪طɽ𣿾ô
ͷһĵ
ĿĮһǰȥиûЩͨɽ̵ӡ
ͣ£


ʮش˵صɽ̵Ӷɫһֳìѹϡ
ûʲôûЩһۣһʮѪɣûһվ
䣬ųɫʯһĳɽ֮ȥÿһ£ɽ̵ĳɫᾶֱ鿪ɢɱٵ
˭
ʲôˣҴɽ̣
վס
ųɫϣ;Ųɽ̵ǿӣСҶͯӽĿⶼǱֱӶ֣һɱ⡣
ֻǣЩɱȴʵ̫ˣ챾һûУЩɱб飬޷סɢǿơ
ͬһʱ䣬ƿʼΧɢһɹεĴ;һԪɽ̵ȫһǴڿѪû
תۼ䣬ǰں棬ɽ̡
ʱ򣬾ɽڣһͦεת⣬һߴĵɻԣһֻɼɽ֯ڿУеŨ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһһ·ȻѾɽ̵һЩǿߣʱʮ벽ִ³˳жǳǿ
죬㴳ɽڲ
£
£͵ظɱ
ʱɽӵܶ˳һƬǽΧһɫɭ˸ôҡڵĴ
ȡͷ­
ǿִº
ʱʮǿɽִ¶Ƕˣ飬ԱҪ
ӱ
䣡
Ϊģһɿ񱩵ϢƵεĴ羪κ˰ϯ˷
飡
飡
飡
ɽʮִȫȴĺɣһԴڿѪ
һʱ䣬ܵɽ̵һ
⡭
ִǿɶǴڰ벽ΰȻֻƾ͸
ôܣ
ɽһڵ𺳡
Ŀ䣬ǿƵɽȫ֣漴һ̣ɽ̵λãĮȥ
ǡ
ƽ̴˵ڣԽٽа
ȥţ
ɽ̵Ӷ󾪣붯֡
ʱ䣬һǿɱ⽻֯طеɽ̵ȫ֣ͨϰٵǺǿƺƵĳѹȥѴƬռ䡣
첻ܣĿ䣬ΨɫӿΪĳܵ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һɽ̵Ӵͨȫ飬漴һĺɣѵѪҽеһʱ쳹ɽ̡
ʵϣˣΪ½̵ƽҶͯ˫۶ɱ⣬Ҳ˶ɱͨ½̵ӣĻɽɽѾǱʬһҲ
ɵλãĿ䣬ڳһɱֱնǰ
ﬣ
һʱ䣬̶Ƶǰͤ¥ȫ飬رϳһ޴ĽۣҲһֱͨλõ·
ʱܵһɽ̵뷢־塣
⣬⡭
£²һĻһסˡ
Ŀܱ䣬һһɣɫâƣ;նǰ½̵ӣúһƬڣһһ꣬Ŷʮ꣬Ѫ۾ӨͷϹڣĿԵЩգһϣʱָӦߵ۾
յģҵˣ
źֶ꣬һϮ۵ˣâ֯ʮ㡣
ҶҵʱܽʶһʶӻоСҶͯ˫۵ƽ̵ģǰˡʱԵĺ꣬Ҳ֪ã񻪣źԵСҶͯһֻ̫ۡ
ƽ̺ͺȻҲǷʱ˹ȥ漴ƽһ۾ͶסϵСҶͯյ˫¶ЩɫСӣ㣿ô
ৣ
ƿһΣ˲ƽǰ
ƽ̶ʱɫ㡭ڰ벽ΣΪǿʱȴǱٶȫûпôƶġ
ﬣ
̶Ŀ䣬һѿסƽ̵ұ߱۰ּ佣â£ֱӹᴩƽ̵ۡ


953 ʩԿ
ѪˮڿУƽ̵ҽоȴҲѲʥһϣû˿á
ף
־ŭ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽ̵ĳϼǿߵϤд룬˿̽ǳ嵽ʮˣԴڴΣһĻһǵǿƽ̣߾Ӱ벽澳˿̾ڵʿ£ᴩһֻ۾

ƽ̲ҽУѪˮȾ˰
˭
ҽŴȾѪİǺ嶾ı飬ѪĹâ𣬻һͼеѳȥ
ֿƽ̵߱۰򣬺ݺһѹʱͷ
ҵ˫ۣ˭

ͬʱȭֱƽ̵ĸƽ䴩ңпµȭɱâᴩڣƬѪҺ
ƽ̲ҽУðĳѪ־ŭֿ֣Сʦ
ﬣ
Х̶ּɫâ£ĹƽһֻС

ƽ˻ҽУֻ۶ٵˣѪˮȾңſ־ǣ߾Ӱ벽澳ֻʣһѪҲ¾۳ʱٵ˫ۣȴ޷۶ʧˡ
㡭ʲô
־
ף
С
ͬһʱ䣬ɽ̵һϸŭ
ӣ㾹ˣ
ŭ
һʱ䣬ವƿʮͬʱˣȥǵƽ̱ԼĽУܹ޶ԡ
ƫͷɨʮˣĿ罣
䣡
⣬ɫڣ񱩵ϢƵ˵ɱһ֯һɹɾ˵쫷ϯһʱĳǰʮǿߺݺһ
㡭
һ̣ʮǿֹס˽ŲֹסĲɢȿϢͿɱססˣ·һɱ㡣
춢ЩˣӴ̹Ǳ˭ǰɱ˭
㡭
һʱ䣬ʮǿһӭıĿ⣬һֻо౻˸ס˰㣬ʱᱻһЩϲɵ亹
ƫͷĿƽ̵ϣ̡ܲ
ֶΣҶǣ¼ʹ࣬ԣ
䡣
䣬΢潻֯һӡݺӡƽ̵ؿڡ
ʱƽ̺ݺһֱ˺ѷεĲҽС
㡭㡭ҡʲ
ƽ̲Һ֫
һĻʹطʮϽԲǵƽ̴ڰ벽Σɴ˿ȴǷĲҽŵۻʼһ㡣һǰȥȴĲңΪɢϢ̫ˡ
ˡס֡šſҡ
ƽ̲ҽС
ĿƽҩеһɹΪĲӡݻⵤӡں󣬿ԻȼѪ⣬ʹޱȣǧ涾˺ҧµǣͬʱҲǳԸţҪʱſԽһ˵Ѫȼմ
Ҳ˵ʩ߲⿪û飬Ҳɱô˱Ҫδʱÿʱÿ̶Ҫͬǧ涾˺ҧʹֱ࣬һѪⱻȫȼմܴʹѡ
˵ǳ̣Ծ̫ǿȴǱҩΪҩ䡷еĽɹ
ʱѹƽ̣ѹ˶ԷĴʹöԷ޷޸壬ҲתǲƤӵɱֻܱĳʹࡣ

ƽ̲ҽУ
Ŀ飬üļâ˸ʶҡҷ漴һɿûƽ̵ʶУɲǼѰԷֱ꣬ն¡
͵һֱնһ֣Լ֮һ

ʱƽ̷ĲҽУΪʿҪļ֮һǵʹġ
꣬ԳܾǧŰپʮŴն
䡣
Ÿ²õĵһӣܶ£Т˳ĻżƤȴÿɰȻȴǱƽɱĸ̵ۣ԰ɫɴû۾ͫ⣬ͬʱŸĸźʧȥʹࡣ
СһѰ
һĺӣҪʹ࣡
ƽ̣̣ܲûԷʶеٴն£նԷһСꡣ
ƽ̷ĲҽУʱһ߳Ѫⱻȼյʹһ߳걻նʹ֫ҵ˫ĿУѪˮʳס֡ҡˡ㡭󡭡Źҡ˫Ŀ飬Ѫȼգڱն飬Գܣʼġ
Զɽ̵ʮǺݺһԼһһƽʾˣΪڰ벽ΣǼ˶ƽǿ˿ԼĽڣȴȻһʿҵģ
Ź㣿춢ƽ̣ð
һһֱͼԻֱӴԷڣ˲ϢԴֱǶϣԴһǡ

ƽ̴ڿѪҺһӿģҵ˼㡣
ԴʿԣҪģԴһǣʹȻ˵ۻǿҲԳܡ
ƽ̣
ʮϽ̲סȴһҲǰȥǵƽ̴ڰ벽Σ˿жң޷ǳȥˣܹʲôתۼᱻɱ
ƽʲôǣǵס׵һʲô˰
֪ͨͨλ̫ϳϰ
λ̫ϳԼƺǰʼչˣڴš
ﻹ˵ôࣿ
찡
ʮ־ֿ֡
뿪ٳطɽ̵Ȼȥһ̫ϳϼǿ߳ء
콫һпĺȴ˿Ҳ⣬ֻǱĶƽ̡
סƽ̣нâٴ£ֱƽ̵˫ȹᴩʮǰ͸Ѫ

ƽ̲ҽУʱѾǻȾѪҵĲΡ
סŹҡŹҡ
ƽ̲ԭΪ۵ҶֻͯҶҵãΪɽ̵ƣҶңҸɶܶҶۣͯʲôʱˣˣҲû뵽ҶͯȻһʦʦȻôֲʧȥ˫ĿҶֱͯɱɽѹסȴɱǲĶʩһֿ̣оԼҪʹıˡ


954 ɱƽ̣ն
ƽ̲ҽģģңɽ̳嵽ʮǿ߸Ĳǿƽ̣һڵо޷

ƽ˻ѪȾȫ
пᣬٴγ֣ն¶Էһ꣬ͼĥԷһԴ

ƽ̸ĲҽУʱȥ
ԣ⹷

ҲʱһҵĽŲɽӶ˹漴˶Ǽƽ̵Ĳ״
ǣ
ƽ̴ˣȻȻ
⡭
ɽһڵӽǴһ˴Լһڣ漴ڽԼһƽ˳ģҲѣݺݳǵӾ񾭡
Ϊûг֣ǡǱˡסˣ⡭
˶¡

ҽƽѪȾȫһ̣ڱһն飬ԴͼһѪĲӡ²ͣȼգÿʱÿ̶ڳŷ˵ʹȻΪڰ벽漶Ҳ޷֧ŵˡ
ף
ƽ֮Ӻ󼱣ʱȴҲǲǰΪϵ̫ڿˣɱ֯Ǵӵ߳ľħһ㡣
Ŀ飬ƽ̣нâ£ٴζ֣ն˫ۡ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ƽ̵ֱըͷӺĭһܡ
ʹƽ̷ĲҽУ

顣
һûԷʶеٴնԷһ꣬ͬʱͼҲ˲ٴԷһԴңʩڶԷϵĲӡ֮ҲʼȼŶԷѪʹƽ̲ҽ
˻棬ʹɽ̳嵽طһڵӸľǷ
䣡
ʱɽǿϢӰ粽ÿⶼǽ֯żΪµĲת۱Ǵһ졣
һʱ䣬ɼʮǿߣǺԼһͨӶ¶ϲɫ
̫ϳǣе̫ϳǣ죬ȾҸװ
ͬһʱ䣬һʮǿߺһͨҲڣ̫ϳϳ־ˡ
ɽ̫ϳԭڱչأõǿߴڣסƽ̣ʱǳʱֱӿеƽ̣ɫ
ǡңƽ̿ڣѾɳˣҶǸͯӵʦҽ̶ᡭȡ̫ۡ
ɽ̫ϳ϶Ƕݣıв죬漴Ǳøӱ䣬ɱ¶
ᵽǸҶСͯȻиʦһ˿ڣĶ죺ǲ뵽ǸպΪ־̫۽չأԷʦȻʹ
Ȼ˿еġ־ġƽ̵ӣҲǸꡣ
ĺãóĨɱڽһЩǱڵĲȷء
һ˿ڡ
Ⱦ־ӣɱ
һ˵еġ־ӡȻƽ̡
䣬˾ֱ֣ѹ£鲼򣬳ץȥ
䣡
Ϊɽ̵һ̫ϳϣΪ澳磬ֻĳ֣ȴǿֲףķռת۱Ǳȫסˡ
ƽûˣϾͻþȡ
طһʮǿߺһͨӶһԼһ̫ϳˣ־˵ơңͬһʱ䣬ЩҲ⼸̫ϳԼԼһƽ̵Ļܶණ
ƽ̴ˣǸ˵ĵӵ˫ۣ
̫̫ۣ
ǡģ
˶죬ǲ졣
ƽ̴ˣΪɽ̣Ϊٽȡһֻ˵е̫ۣ
𺳡
䣡
ܹʱɽ̶ֵǸ̫ϳϣֽ֯ãã⣬Ѿѹ䵽ͷϿա
ѹƽ̣ʱƫͷסɽ̶ֵ̫ϳϣҲͬʱסһĸ̫ϳϣĿԵһƬɱⰻȻ
Ǽ϶֪ԼһƽΪ񣬲Ȱͽ䣬ݣڣɱң
ܴ̹ǡ
䣡
һɸӿֲϢڳѹƽֱ̣ӻӶȭʱƵĿȭһĿĵȭ
һǰĿռ䵱ˣȭȭһУֱС
ɽ̶ֵ̫ϳɫ䣬̽Ĵֱȵȭȭ±ңǵȭûоʹֹסƲļѹϣʹ޿ɱܡ
ǡ
ۣ
һֵĽѪըɽ̶ֱֵӱȭ飬ҲһУ
ʱط˽Ǳɫ
̫ϳϣ
⣬⣿
ô᣿
ɽһڵӺʮĳ뺧Ȼһһ̫ϳϣ澳磬Ȼһȭɱˣ
ЩˣȻĸ̫ϳҲһɫ䡣
ôܣ
һʧеһʼ߳ʱֱɫʧӰ١
춢ˣǰƽ̣ϵϢٴαǣ羪κ˰㡣
գҪɽ

ƽ̣ʱ͵һжʱ콣âֱӽƽ̴ݻ٣ѪˮȼմƬء
ף
־ӣ
ƽ̣
ط꣬ĸ̫ϳϣһͨӺʹǿ߽Ͳ
漴һ̶̣ĽХЩٴһ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
⣬콣âתۼ佫ɽֲ֣ɱϢƵÿһ䣬ͬһĽ꣬·ʱܻС
ȴƽ֮Ӻ̫ϳϼϵ⣬Ҹǻᣬ˳ɽ̣ط½̵Ծӣɱ
䣬ͬװ㣬쳹ɽϿա
һʱ䣬½̵ӽǲΪɢΪһ̵Ļ
Ҫǣˡ˳ɽ̣򡭡ҪҪ
˶¡
ɽĸ̫ϳϾŭӣһֱ¡
Ҳʱһϵɽһ߿˳һôĿƾ㣬ɽǧҵɢϢһļ̫ϳǿ˺ܶ࣬澳ڶ졣
棡
ʱ˶е
һĸ̫ϳҲ˷ǳ𾴣ȻֻһС̨ף֮սȴǷǳң߱Ҳĸ̫ϳϸ߳
ǳϣ죬˫ŵ縡֣һ㣺δɵСɽ̣Ϸ·
̧ͷסˣûа仰ֻͼֱ𣬺ƺƵϡ
̼䣬˵ѹ쫷ɢ뾪
ǵɫӭֻͼѹڵһʱŨҵв
㡭
䣡
ֻͼâֱӴĻͬʥͼѹ£ֱӽ֮˸


955 ±
ѪˮڿУһ˲䣬ܵȫסˣһɫұ䡣
ô᣿
ھȻȻһһ͡
⣬⡭
һµӶ£ǵ棬ڶصǿߣȻһͱɱˡ
Ȼһĸ̫ϳҲȻ̲ס
㡭㡭
⼸˶죬ʱн¶˿־塣
Ŀһ鴫˵еʯΪһС̨״ﵽ죬꣬Դʹ˷ԾʽĽսνǺš£ֻּȻ˲ɱ档
̧ͷʱסһĸ̫ϳϼǺ⡣
һ̣ŲһΣɲǼǳǰֱ̧ɫȭͷ
ˣ
ӶĻȭնʱ𶯣漴飬ܲȵȭ֮
ȭɽ̵һ̫ϳС
ɽ̫ϳɫ䣬ٳͨǺƵǿĴ볯ӭϡ
ȻȴǸûãӳĵȭǻϹǿʵһưƣֱӱǽɽ̫ϳϼͨȫѹ顣
ʱ䣬ɽ̵̫ϳ־ֿ֣һߺһߴУס
ˣ
ٴδͬһʥı˰㡣
һϵȭֱ£ͬһǳѹȥ

ۣ
Ѫˮɽ̵̫ϳֱӱһȭ򱬣
һʱ䣬ɽ̵һʿӾ֡
ô
Щ˶죬ֵĲʮǿ߶⡣һǿ̫ϳϣ澳磬ȴһ
̫ϳǿ־壬ʱֽŶڶ£ˡ
ɱ󣡼
һ˾ŴС
̫ϳϷĽӡһʱ䣬ɽ̴гһܼƣɢɱϢɱͬһʱ䣬һâɽΪһƷıӣͨ彻֯ƣɢžԡ
ɱ󣡵
ɽ˾ϲǸоԼһĻɱ͵Ŀ¡
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɽ̫ϳϴ𣬻ɱڣɱһն졣ͬһʱ䣬ǿƷĴǺ볯ѹ¡
ҲǲСɱ˫Ĵպطˡ
Уû˿ϵĽ콣Իͬһַ꣬·һڻ籩鵴

һ죬ɽ̵ӵѺۣ漴ֱ콣âնķ顣
ͬһʱ䣬͵صеɽ̵ܼƣҲǱ̼ȫնǧɱ˲ϢʧӰ١
ʱ̫ϳǾп־Ũ
һͨҲ̿֡
⡭
ҽ̵Ļɱ͵Ȼô׾ͣͱ
ǣ𣿣
طɽеӽɪɪ
콣âƣɨһɽ̵ӣߣޱǳʮʱ䣬ʮǻɽ̲ǾͲҪ飬Ǻɽһͣ
Ļ£ϵ콣âٴηϵĽʣգۼɽ̣ɱ˫š
ʱһɽ̵Ӹȫ־帲ǡ
漴ת˲š
ҡҲҡɽ̣
ִͨɽ̵Ӳͷܣĳɽ塣
˵һȻͻеڶ͵
ҡһᣬҲҡҲɽ̣
Ҳ룡
ҡϾߣ
ָɽͨȫܣ漴ʮǿҲ⣬һȿֺٶճգۼɽ̡
ƬָЩˣһĿĿֲһǿҲһ͸еˣɱ̫ϳͬնݣ漴׻ٵһĻɱ͵뿪Ҫɱ䣬ﻹͣҪԻᱻһһҲûС
Щ壬ɽĵǲ
⡭
λҲ
ߣҲߣᱻɱģ
ЩӲһ塣
Щ˶ɽ̵ҲɽϿյܼɱǸоЩɱɢĿֲɱ⣬ʱټԼһ룬ĳ϶ˣﻹһɪɪٳ塣
ವƿϣһʱ䣬ɽĵ壬ûйȥãڵһڵӱǶ˸ɾֻʣ˻ڵ̫ϳϺƽ֮Ӻ꣬Ǵ־塣
㡭㡭
̫ϳ϶죬סĲҲ벻ƽ̶صһֻ̫۾ɽĻѣ
һ̣ʼʹƽˣΪʲôڶǰϸĵСͯΪʲôûв鵽СͯһʦôĿֲ
һ̫ϳ죬ӷСֵܣ㡭ڰֿɺãֻҪϰ֣ɽ̱ضĴ󡭡
ﬣ
̶˵Ļ
Ŀ飬һϵ콣âֱѹ䣬¡
㡭
ۣ
Ѫըڵ̫ϳ϶ʱն
ƫͷɽ̫ϳϡ
ʱ̫ϳ϶һһʲôҲûˣֱӱֱɽȥʵսֲ̫ˣɱһصǿͬնһ㣬ǾȫҲֵˣʱֱѡӶݣӶݣлȥϣ
춢ķӼһƬ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ص콣ѹ䣬ѹϰ˻ģֱӽض˵ǰ·С
Сֵܣ鰡
˴Уͬʱǿͨ忹⡣
ֻǣ첻飬콣ΪŴɱҲԶһͨԿ⣬˳ͨ飬¶콣â¡
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըֱӱն
ɽ⣬һЩ½̵ĵӻû룬Сĵɽڣ˿̼һĻʱҲ־ȫÿһ䣬Ҳط˿ͣĳԶȥͻȻıǡ
ɽڳװֻʣƽ֮Ӻ꣬˿̲ͣĲֵĶ죬ŵŵŵˡ
ֻһ˲ǳǰһαǽ֮˹
Ҫҵۣ
Узڳһɱذüġ


956 Դ
Ŀüгһ񽣣ȫʶ۶ɣһɱذķ顣
ѹź꣬ԻҩɻԣסϵҶ̫ͯۡ
ۣ

ҩɻһںĲҽУҶֻͯȡأ󽫺˦
һһߣڵϲҽзѪˮȾ˴ա
û⣬֮ǰҶʱһ㣬ȡһװصĳˮҩ֮⻤סҶֻۣͯСĽ֮ʢŵٴƷӡסڣ漴ֽĽ֮
ǰҽУȾѪվֶŤǽһ죺ңۻңҵģҵģ
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ϻ˺ϢһͷҰޣа˿ڱڳ
Ϊȿ־ʧȥǡ
󷽣Ц
鵭ĮĶźꡣ
ң
˻˫ĿԹԣ졣
ֻǶվԭأһҲûУֻǿź곯
ҵģҵģ
ȾѪţת۳嵽⣬Ҵܡ漴Ҳʱ۵һըڵĻǿиű
£ͨʿûͬʱ֧˿ڱοʧȥǵ£ת˳ǿ֧ţֻѰ·
ĵ
鵭ĮתߵСҶͯԱߡ
ʦ
СҶͯоԱߣһ
СһԴº͵ԣ˫ۣʦѾȫȡˣȽӵãΪȥ
СһͫһȦɫɴʲôҲĻԹԵͷ
Сһ㰲ɵӣʵܣϲǰСһıĻӡ
΢΢ͷСһһ𣬻ϸ߿ա
߿գ츩·ɽ֮䡣
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ϸֳ콣ÿһǿֲףɽȫ֣漴ͬһƬԵĽ㣬ವĳ·׹䡣
ʱ䣬ɽڣ̨ͤ¥䳡ؾȣȫٵһƬҵĻ̼ȼʹܱߵĿռ䶼յЩŤ
ɨ·ߡ
΢΢ͷżϵСҶͯһ𣬳Զȥ
һ򣬲úһɽѰһȽεɽ
ɽܲ¾漴СҶͯϱ
ЩʦΪ塣
СҶͯ
š
Сһ￴ȴüԹԵĵͷİ
ʱ֣ͨɫڣӿСһڡ
һʱ䣬Сһﱻ֣ʼһһܿʹﵽһͶȣǰȴǲ࣬޷ȡ
ңСһ壬ɫЩ̫ÿ
ôˣ
ʵ
Щͳ̫ۺƣ˫ԴܲɷֵĹϵ˫۱ǿߣԴҲ˲٣ڸľһ̶ȵĿήеҪغܶࡣ
ԣɫҲǶʱ
ԴҪһ֮ҲһʿܷǿĹؼڣСһԴ˲٣ľһ̶ȵĿήʹǷŭЩ
յģ
ҧ
СҶͯҲĻ΢£ʦҡǲβˣ
Լһӣϧº͵СһԴ
ԣõģѾȡأôʦһκ㡣
ο
š
СһᣬԵúܰ
⣬ɫӷڣ漴ָһĨ⻪ɳûСһüġ
ʱСһһĽɫǣ£Ѫɫ
̫ǰ̫ľͬԴڣʦתŴΣԺתԴѪ⣬ͱԴ

̫Сһʶͬǰһ룬ԼСһתʥʹСһľ񽥽øǿʢ
ˣܿСһת˾Ŵ̫ʹСһ￿ԼҲתڹϾСһʾˣڻĸԴŷ̫ľڡ
ˣ
һʱ䣬Ѫɫ潻֯СһʹСһCԼ׳һЩ
ĬĬĿСһһʱû˵
ҪôСõĵ
ĬƬ̣ʵ
Сһ˵ҩһԴҪѰ㹻ܣ֮ΪʩľָıԴ
ܷȫָ
׷ʡ
Դֻ߳ɰȫָ˵ʱһʩͬʱҵһƱԴΪϴӣ԰ٷ֮ȷȫָ
ڵʱһᾧ֮ǰһʯԴǰεõټ֮ǿֻ壬һƱԴټԴԿСһıԴ;Ļָñǿ
˿Ǿͺãץʱ䣬ѰʩҪܡ
ͷֵȵӦ̫˵̫ľ̫ͬʱ壬ľֻԽԽãʱϣǲҪʲô
ǲ˵ʲôһһĬĬŬת̫Сһ
һۣչȥ
һ죬Сһ̫ѾǷǳϤ콫ϣţ뿪ɽһЩŨɽȥ
ϧˣ֮ǰӦýɽڴ龧Լص׵ֱΪСһʩָԴ;ˡ

֮ǰûôࡣңɽ̵ˮ׼̵龧͵ص׵Ҳûж٣ʩչԴΪСһԴ;𲻵ʲôã̫ࡣ
ԣ΢΢ЩݣΪСʩչҪܣ
ȱԴ

΢ôࣿ
ȱԴһ
ԴҪ޸ѣҪķѵȻ١

קצӣ֮Ǿ졣
ͷٶЩ
ȫתԼٳûƬĸɽ֣ȺѰٽ龧ʮͨ龧ջܲСΪСҶͯʩҪȣǲ˺ܶࡣ
һ죬Ѱ龧߳һɽʱԶͻȻа˹ɾ˵ܸ֣˵ӰȺԽ֯ŷǳ˵ÿһǴ澳ֱʥŵɽԼڤĽڵɵǿߡ
ҵˣ
һ˺


957 ԴԶż
˵ӰÿӰⶼǲżΪǿһƽ֯ɢŷǳ˵Ϣһʱǽסˡ
죬˸ĿŨҵɱⲻ˿Ρ
ֹסŲȻ֪Ϊɱϣȴûа仯жԶԶ
ȴİ˴ǿߵĿøɭ
ſĶ
ϻ֣
һƤ龭޴꣬ù
ɫпᡣ
䣡
˹ǿܳ𣬰ͬʱˣ֣̽ѹ˷УͬʱҲѹԱߵԼϵСҶͯ
ɫĮٶ˵ʲôֱ̧֣Խɫȭǰȥ
ˣ
ʱͬը˰㡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
˴ǿ̽Ĵȫ飬ѪˮͬʱһƵƮڿС
һʱ䣬˴ǿȫɫ
⡭
ʱ¶죬ж¶һ˿𺳡ǰ˿ɸǴһ죬ȴȻǱԷһȭͬʱ˸Եֱۡ
Ҳʱ佣ӿ̶֣ĽҲ֮ص
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ϣһɫ콣âԻÿһͬһɱս㣬֯նĲʹð˸澳ǿ߽Ǳɫ
ǣ
һ̣ӭĽɫâ˸ǿ߸оĪв
וּһ죬ޱȴ̶
ϣܼ콣â붯ˣͬһƬ㳯Ű˴ǿնȥ
̼䣬ռһѿڽڱ顣
˶ǲһʵȽâ̫ڿ¡ǲҴ⣬æͨ⡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
պ˴ǿ߼չȫʹƬռøӷڣд֯ӭնܼâһһЩâ¡
ȻЩâȫˣȴĲΪǰ˺һڳ֣ңѾǽԶ˾ų
ôôǿ󣿣
Ӧð
ǼŮҲԶԶûˮ׼
ľ֮ǰѾɱǸһǿߵǿɱǿߣȴûô⣬ΪǶǴ漶𡣵һ̣죬ЩĲˣһ̽в
ˣǵˣ
ʥŵ̫ϳϿڵʱٱǱļ
𵺵ȼǿȻҲǿԼ˺Ĳ࣬ͷһߵֵ콣âһ߳ˡ
ɱҾ򲻹ܣʲô

Į˵һֻͼֱ
ವһֻͼһɳʥŵ̫ϳϾֱ¡
ʥ̫ϳϵһʱݺһоֻͼĿֲųǿͨӭѹµֻͼ
ֻǣֻͼΪͨʵʩչôõʥ̫ϳͨʹ̼Ǳ顣
һʱ䣬ʥŵ̫ϳ϶ʱ¶ŨŨľ֣еС롭
ۣ
ֻͼ⣬Ʋѹ£˵Ļֱӽ֮ѹ˸
һĻνЩȻʹ˽ǲһ
ô᣿
һ澳ǿߣȻһʿһ͸Ĩɱˣ
һ˲䣬ǡ
ߣ
𵺵һ˽еֱӳԶ
ʱȻҲ˿ͣ٣ǱĿսŵˡ
춢ӶݵˣվԭأĿĮ
ˣ
ֻͼʢºȻǴ󣬻һֱʮɵĴͼӶݵУķÿһռ䡣
ɫ䣬Գͨͼ򿪱Ŀռ䣬ȴãֻͼ̫ǿˣһصƿˡ
Сѣ飡
ڤĽڵǿ߽е
Ҳģ
ɫ䣬ֻͼϵ˸һ䵴ܼɱ⣬ƺƵѹ¡
ĵһӣ񻹻ںڰУԴڵľҲǿή˺ܶ࣬ʹ鱾ͺܲãֱ׷Ҫɱô顣
һʱ䣬ֻͼɢĹâøǿͬ׹¡

˾ִУȼԴ⡣
ֻǣûʲôãʷǿѹ£˫С
ۣ
ߵѪըֻͼ£ͬһʱ䱻ȫѹ飬Ҳһš
ʱﰲ
Ѱ·

ߡ
˵
նɱˣ㲻ʲôû⣬뿪󣬲ÿһƬɽУأķЩѰ˴Լʮ龧뿪ɽطڳһͨ龧
һۣʮȥ
ʮʱ䣬ڵٶ龧ʮͨ龧ʮʮͨջǷǳˣΪСҶܱͯԴǲ࣬ϾܱԴ·ǳףҪķѵȻͷǳࡣ
Сӣٶһ㣬켯ҪʩܣСںڰд̫á
˵
֪ϵСҶͯСһԴԣһ̣ʦܿ»ָ
ʵھͿԽ̫ΪСһȥСһٴοСһ״ܲãʱȥӰ۵ܣӰСһպ·ԣó׵СһŽ۽ȥ
š
СҶͯͫŰɫɴѾ컻ĻԹԵĵͷ
ϧСһԴŨĴɽ
תۣչȥռ䣬̽Ѱɽ֣Ѱ˸龧
һ죬ֿһɽʱǰһȺʿڳͬһҴȥ˳
ģ淢һ޴Զż
ȻΪ棬Ǽǿɢֵⷢģ©˷
˵żʱʱɹ⽻֯Ũľˣǿ߳϶ԴĴڣһֹһ
ֹˣһ˵һЩͨĹ֮Ҳϵһ۲̽Ѱ󣬳ܴгĹҲǿߵѨпܻ˲õĹžǿȡ
⡭
ٶȿ㣬ǵطѾˣȥѾܶ࣬ң˵ǼҲǿ߸ȥĳˣɾʲôҲûˣ
ȺʿǼ٣ܿ˺Զ
Զվһжоâ֯
Сӣȥ˵νԶżżԴѰֱӾΪСܱԴˣ۽ȥ

ͷȻ
ʱһмԴԶżȻҪȥһˡ
£ڿնŸղȺʿ뿪ķȥ
תۣʱȥ
ʱһһͣǰһ׳Ĵӣ֪ʱʱһɹԺӵ׳𣬽֯ŵǳŨܣ˿Χܼʿȿֺ壬գۼû֮¡
Ǵżⷽ£
в졣


958 Ҧҹ
ܵʿǳ࣬˶ȿֺӵײ壬ӵײҲʱʱɹ𣬽֯ŷǳ˵ʹɵЩ졣
ӣƹ⽻֯Ǳһɻ԰㣬ʡ
ӵн磬±Ӧþνżˣȷʵкܾ˵ܡ
˵
ƿڽʱƹ⽻˫ۣҲ̽ܶණ
ŴӵײûзԴ
ʱûУȷʵпԴý·żȥѰҡ

ʱܵʿһȻסطһŮ
һŮͬУǴͬķŲѪˡ
ɽӣڵʥӣҦҵĹȻ
ʿľ
ȥɽһϮ£絶һֱ˵ӢڵʥһϮ£ϴŵЦһֺĸоҦҵĹ毺ãɫƵܴ⣬ܾˡ
ڴ죡
ǻôᣬȴѾﵽ˸߶ȣǡ
ŰƬ𣡡
ˣӸʿ̲ס¡
һ۵ϱǿ˸пƬ磬ͬʿǵ˵Ķˣȫңң˦󡣡
ǰɾ˵ˣԱߣһʿԣ̲ס˵ǰʱɾͳһˣڤĽڣīԪѪŵʥԼʥŵɽһǿȫˣɱ˸ʮǿߣˣɱǰǿˣ
ʲôһ
ȻУǰ֮ǰѵڱչ𣿾Ȼ֪£ʿڣ漴ѹң˵Ĵԣɻֹôһ㣡
ֹôһ㣿У
۵ϱǿ߳Ծ
ʿ϶ĵͷͳ˵ǰ˾ɽ̸һٵˣ֮żȻһɽ̵ĵӣɶԷ֪ٵɽ̵ƺҲǺˡǰһƬɽ⣬ѪͼйǱ֣ڤĽڵɺʥŵɽǿ߸ϵЩѪ̽Ѱ˸һ֮ǰǲȥ׷ɱǺ˵ǿߵϢҲǱǸɱ
߽ɽ̣նɱڤĽڵȰ˸漶ǿߣ¾Ѿǹȥʮ죬ǰձȺ֣ʿѾ֪
۵ϱǿ𾪣⡭
ԱߣһЩʿ˵죬һҲǲɵ¶ļµı顣
һˣ
ҵȥɷ뿴ɽ̵һĴȣͿǺּ̧佫ɽ̵ĸԵǿնǵˣֱǡ˿ɵ
һֲܿˣ
˵ڤĽڣīԪѪɻʥǼɽ̣ѾĬûɳǿȥ׷ɱˣǸ˶ļɵ
ǺУǰ˸ʧɶǲصĺܣ
Щʿ¡
ԶվһЩʿȴǲ䣬ҲûɽӺ;ڵʥӣƶĿ⣬ҦҵĹϡΪ֮ǰ˵ˣƿصĿرҦҵĲɷ򣬼ҦһǿˣȻ̲ס࿴ۡ
⶯Ȼ֪ʱʲôȴǲû˵ʲô
䣡
ʱӵĺЩڣиǿʢɹŨ
ʱ䣬ܵʿһ˲پҦҹ˳ٴȿֺĳԾȥЩ·ԶżȥѰϾԶżоԻرڣѰˣǾʹսһɳΪ֮ҲпܣͨʿȻкܴջ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյɽӣڵʥԼҦҵĹⶼǽ֯Ũ⣬һ˴֮£գۼûټ
ԶлһĨ΢⣬ߡ
ͷżϵСҶͯһҲգûڡ
УһһĸоˮڵŨȷǳߣһ·Ǳúƿӵײ࣬һϡ
ˣ
춯֣ưСҶͯһ翪ֱӴ͸ϡ
ʱ䣬ǳһƬΪĵ磬ЩƣɽһֲԼ޺֮ɽ䴫֯ŷǳǿ
һĻ΢ЩппȻĺ棬һͨ¾һżдɽ֣ǿޣʵںܾˡ
ȻпȴȣϾ䴫Եˣһһż⵱㲻ʲôڣؼкܶࡣ
͸żĵرŵ׶ʱһӶƬż̽ѰƬԶżǷԴڡ
תۣʮȥ̧ͷƬżĶһƾâ
ҵԴˣ
֪̽ѰƬصżѰԴ˿̼â̲סʵ
ҵˡͷżĶλã
Ϊﵽ죬ƿȻԽӵĴ죬ƿȥԶ龧Դȵĸ֪øǿ
̫ˣߣȥ
˵
ͷǰ·ٳƬżĶλöȥ
ƬżڣȻǻ˲ʿһ·ȻʿһǴʧɫ
ǣ
⡭ⲻǸ𣿣
ɽ̶ٵˣڤĽڵȰ˸֮ǰɳ漶ǿҲɱھȻ
ʿļ£ˢˢˣһСǵ졣
һɱ漶ǿߣٵһɵˣ᲻η壿
Щû⣬䣬ƬżĶλöȥ
䣡
ʱǰԶһɽڴ˵ʮͷǿԴɽ
ʮ޽Ժǿ󣬳ɽǡɼ죬ֱɱ˹ǿһƬա
ޱ飬Ų䣬ٶȲ䣬ΨнɫâԻ϶ͬһƬ㳯ǰնȥ
һʱ䣬۵ʮͷǿգۼ䱻ȫն
һĻһʿУһ̲סһ
ȺУпȴĴڣƺͷɡȴͬնһ㱻ɱˡ
⡭
Ȼ紫ǰ£սֱǡ
Щʿ죬ֻоˡ
ǰɫ糣Щٶȣйһɽڰʱһʯǰͣ
ղᵽԴ
ʵ
ͷƽǰһƬ飬ʱǿʢ
ȥԼԿͷţŨĻ
ȱԴǰһΪСܱԴˣ


959 Դ۳
ӭĻ΢΢ͷطԴһڣΪСҶͯʩܱԴ;ˣٽ۽ȥ
ָ̧֣붯һƶʱ佻֯ѴԼһʱʱ䣬طӡһ߽׵ɱԼһǵɱ
ˡҴȥʩʱλá
Уٶȵ㡣

ͷСҶͯϱԽɫСҶ֣ͯ漴һǿԴڡһʱ䣬ŨʱСҶͯûС
ԭСҶͯΪǳܲԴİģĽɫ棬ԿԴȻû˿⡣
ʦΪܱԴ;Ȼٽۣ̻ЩʹҪס
º͵ĶСҶͯ
СҶͯԺ󣬹ԹԵĵͷ
һСҶͯԴ䣬ɫСһ漴⽥һƵĵâӿ
ֽ̧ӡһӡƮһƵʮָ仮֯ܣܿγһͼΪҩصԴĵͼ˿̽СҶͯȫУɢ˿˿Ƶԡ

Դͼӡϣŵĵԣ³һۡ
ʱСҶͯĵͼһ̼䱬ŨĹâǣܵԴӿ
ЩԴֱӿҶͯڣԴͼУ͸ͼٽ֯һ漴ûҶͯڣʹСҶͯʱݺһ
ԣס

ԴΪСҶܱͯԴ̻ʹʱѾʼСҶͯȻ˾ҵʹС
ţ
СҶͯӾȴǲʹ
վԴ⣬СҶͯͣȻ֪СҶͯʹ̲סСӣĽ̷ŻһЩڲʱ䣬Сܵࡣ
ͷԴԴͼɢĹâЩӿԴҲʹСҶͯҲپҵĲ
ԴΪԴΪ֯ĵӡ֯һһԴûСҶͯڣ޸СҶͯıԴͿήľ
ˣ
һʱ䣬Ƭռ˸͵ĹâܵԴڻĽͼ
ͬһʱ䣬СҶͯľȴڲѪҲһıǿ
ˣһۣչȥ
һ죬Դ˴룬࣬ҶͯľȴǱǰǿʮѪҲǿʮڿήľȫָˣıԴָ߳ɡ
ãûپȬˣ

Դ⻷һĵӡʱٴνӡֱӼԼһֻرԴûСҶͯڣɹСҶͯԴڡ
ʱСҶͯ͵һо˵ɻڵɢϢ̼һɽ˰㡣
ˣ
ӡʩչԴͬʱҲԼһֻرԴΪСҶͯϴԴʹСҶͯԴһ˲ޱһ˵ٶȿʼ޸
ܿ죬չȥСҶͯԴȬñԼǿʢһ࣬һֻرԴϴ£һСС
лһ΢⣬Ȼܹ֪һУԵܺá
֧ԴطԴΪСһȹ̺ԴѪ⣬ֱʱ󷽲ͣ΢ΣȡƵʢ峺͸ˮԽһ̫ۣܼƷӡڡ
ʦΪ½ۣмǣ
СҶͯ
ܱԴҪǣ۵Ĺ̸Ҫݲó
СҶͯ񿴲ȴĳ컰е֣أǳɣĵĵͷ
һһΣСҶͯͫİɫɴʱɢȥ
Ƶԣֽ̧ӡһʩչʮҩеܵԴһ𻺻ҶͯͫУʧȥͫʵͫס
ܿ죬ʮ֮΢򿪣֮ҩâͬʱ̫ۻȡͨҶͯͫ׺ֻۻû롣
ʱֻޱСĵĿ£¹λҶͯͫڡ
漴ֱӽֻͼֱСҶͯͷ˿˿ƵʥԣҶͯ˫ۣǣֻ̫뱾Դ
ˣֻͼâ˸ɫ֣أתۼ䣬Ÿʱʱȥ
һ̣СҶͯݺһ̲סһʹ˫ȴޱ貵⣬˷Բʮڵпռ䣬һɼΪǿϢ
һ̣ȥСһ˫ĿľˣƣڳҵС̫ԼһƵ۽֯Ի˳
۾ѣ൱ɡң˫ۣƺǰۡǿˡ

н֯΢⣬ʱ˿ֻ࣬ͼҲг룬صڡ
ɳԭʼСһ˫ʧã뼺ϣ֮ͬ
˵
ͷ֮Ǻ£Сδø貣
䣡
Դ䣬СҶͯ˫˾ɻԣԴҲһģһĽɫâ͸һֱߵĽɫϸ߿գƬռһǿʿǲ˹
ǣ
ⲨԪ̺Ϣôô󣿣⡭
⵽ʲôɢȽ⣬⡭
ʿ𾪡

ԴСҶͯ⻪ƣ˫ϵԽԽ࣬˫ԽԽ
ȵ̵̫ĵƣ۳ɣ̵ЩƱǵ⿪ĳַӡԻһ֣һ֮С
ͬһʱ䣬СҶͯĽɫâøӾˣܵԴһûڣʹСһľΪһ˵ٶ
㴫̫ľʱתСʶٶȣԴһͨɾΡ

ﻹʣµԴȷʵһԿͨɾһôľΣʹĵɳڣӰδ
˵
½̣ѭ򽥽Դκθãһ̫ླ磬߱ȴҲԲʲô¡
ȷʵһ̫ླ硣ʶɡ
Ҳô롣

徳ֱӴﵽʶʵѾ˺ܶΪΣСҶͯгɵ̫ۣӦȣ֮ĵʲôӰ졣
վһߣĬĬĿСҶͯ
ܿ죬չȥ
һ죬СҶͯɢϢǿˣüĺӨǵһƬԭ΢ʶ֯


960 Ҧҹ
΢ʶСҶͯüļ佻֯ĽɫâҲǱøˡ
ʶһء

ͷˡ
ǰһֱӸҶͯܵԴϵСһЩԴУͬʱԼСһ֣СһǰΪ
һʱ䣬СһĽɫâƽЩԽԽȶ
ˣܿһʱȥ
ʱСҶͯĽɫâȫ㣬еʧ̫ϣ֮ǰֳĵҲȥͨ˵۾ûʲô

ָһƹûҶͯüġ
֮ǰ̫ľпתʹСҶͯʶʱЩʣʱԼʶСһ﻽ѡ
СҶͯһĴ۾жʱɣգ˺ü£˼ۣ漴ǰ죬ۿʱʪˣһ¾˹ȥȡ
ʦҿˣ
Сһʡ
ܿˡ
ĴȣСһ޵ϡﻩģϲãѹ
ϧСһԴʦӦ㣬ĶһΪĶ
ĵһӣΨһһӣ½ۣԴ۳ɣ˿ͷ룬ЩСһʵǳ˲ٿͷ
С㣬ָ˾ͺá
Ц
СҶͯ᲻ͣ塣
ЦŵͷֵҪޣӺɷѪᣡ
СҶͯűӣЩ۵һ޵ĸϡﻩ
ӣºͣû£޾Ϳޡ
˵ףСҶͯѣĺӣѹʱǺ
СҶͯ˵컳ʱ޵ĸˣףˡ
ЩĬôãȻʧȥĸһĺӶԾζʲô
Сһļο£ʦڡ
ءʦ
СҶͯѹ
ڵϣοСҶͯҲʱڣֱȥһʱСһֹס˿ƽࡣ
ΪСһᣬСһԴ󷽲վ
ǰԴԼʣ°ңкǿʢֱѹʹԴһȭͷĹ飬
߰ɡ
ǣСҶͯһߵ
СҶͯۻع飬ָҪţԼˡ
߰߰ɡ

ǣСҶͯʱ·ȥ
СҶͯıԴ;Ѿܣ½أҶԽǳûʲôɵĵˣٶȵǷŵĺ
䣡
ʱƬռĵرԶһɽͻȻ̮ˣй·ʹƬռ¶Ⱥ˼֡
ʱԶݡСҶ֣ͯҲǳԶȥ
ɽ̮ĵطԼһ޴ʯԻʯϱ鲼ѺۣǴʯϵЩѺɢŨЩˣһɽȾһɫʴһľڣпͨǿߵ޲СմȾǱһ̯ɫŨѪ
һĹ΢΢˫ۣȥɲ򵥣үţǸǿߵĹѾǴ˷ǳƾõ£ٳꡣ
֮ǰһЩʿоͨĹ֮̽ƬżһĹӦþǰˡ
˵
̮ɽµʯȷʵܿ£ңԼ䣬ʯźһ̶ĹХȻаܶ࣬Һǿ
ʱ˷һƿյʿ
һĹ
ĹĹģһǳˣرԲܻ٣
Ӧ
ʿ嵽ɽһɫ
漴ȻȻģʿʼ֣һʱͨݺᣬ޴ʯŻ飬ɢʯŴһȿֺĳĹѨȥ
УһЩʿֻΪ˭һĹѨǵ򣬺ܿʬ׹ڵء
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһͣʿԶ嵽ɽ
תۼ䣬ʿĹѨڡ

ԶǾĿŰɽλõĴĹ
ڣСӣҲûʲô£ǰôһĹȥתһȦ
ԡ
ͷ
СҶͯѾָҲ½ϣȷʵûʲô£ʱ򣬼ȻһĹǰ򿪣ȻȥһϾӴĹӦǻв׵ı
£ǣСҶͯһ𣬳Զ̮İɽλȥ
һۣһӹȥǽڰɽֻоطĿط࣬ѩԨ£ʯźĻ谵ռ䡣
죡ȥ
ҿɹʯźĻ谵ضر
һҪð
˷ʿżı飬ٳĹѨڡ
󣬽ģʿ
ȥ
ʱڡ
ͷ߰ɡ
ǣСҶͯĹѨȥת۱ǿУֻĹڵĹǳ࣬ͨ˴ҲǸӱ䣬ңһɸζƮţǳš
𣿡
СҶͯ
Сһҡͷġ
Ĵų򣬿СҶͯ˵СȻ꣬ŴʶԴȴǱøǿˣ̫ѾɣǱһվʿҪǿһЩ㺮ӦûǿԳסġ
бһۣûж˵ʲôСҶͯѭһĹȥ
ĹǳǣСҶͯܿг˼Զ

ʱǰҽŨѪζ
ȥʿסˣתۼ㱻ڳĺҡ
һ̣ƫͷסһˣһɭɭХ󣬺ƵŨֱ˹
ڳâһնǰֱӽն˻ҽСҶͯǰȥ
ģ߳ȥԶеøŨˣʱʱڵϼʬΪɱǱаɱѪˮȾһƬƬĹѨر
ﬣ
ͻȻԶбдŷǳǿ
ңͬһʱ䣬ҲкܿµϢ֯ǰŨЩˡ
Ҷͯǰߣ߳ԶֻǰһŮһͷʬʮڱƮϣ˸ű亮⡣
ҦҵĹǰ΢΢ۣȥŮƺЩǾ߸ʬɲ򵥣ͷ񡣡
ǰȻҲǿ˳Ǿ߸ʬĲ򵥣ʬǳ̣ѰˣҦҵĹѾ·סˣҪ߶Уһƾͻѡ


961 餵ʯ
ǰ񼶵ĸʬͨâĿռһ类ʴʹҦҹһˡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ҦҹߣʮڣһĹɱƷǳˣնڸʬȴûʲôãֻһǻ֮⣬նڽһ㡣
𣡡
ʬХצܷŨ⣬һצҦҹʮڱңһ̣񼶵ĸʬƵŨҦҹˡ
ˡһĻ̲סҡͷܿ£һ˿˿ҦŮΪȻ޷ǵǹ񼶸ʬʳʮͻᱻʳ
ʵϣ˵ҲȷʵΪ棬ҦҹȷǱУ߾ȫҲ޷֮飬Ϣڷɿţ˲١
𣡡
ʬٴצɭɭҦҹбܵͬǳˮһ㣬ĳм£ҦҹѹȥҪʴһС
ʱ䣬ҦҹȻڴ죬ʵǿҲɵñɫ
һĻлһĨ΢⣬Ҷּͯнɫâ£һɫĽâֱնǰ
ﬣ
һ̶Ľɫâת۱ǳҦҹϣ˺ѿŨ漶񵱳ɡ
пرȻһĹõڱվǺҦĪϵҦҹգҪѣӲ
ǰɢҦҹһæŽɫâնλһ۱Ǽ죬СҶͯ
㣡
죬̲סһ
ЩնڤĽڵɵʥӣնɱʥŵɽ̵ǿߣնɱ˸ʮǿߣ߽ɽ̣ɱ˴ǿߣѾƬѾǱΪƬһǿߣҦҹΪҦһĴˣȻ֪졣
ʱɭɭ𣬸ʬԶվͫױһƬѪ죬ˡ
һХͬǲĦһ㣬һγҦҹ˹ȥ
Ҧҹ֪ⸯʬĿ£ʱæˡ
ﬣ
̶ѹУʹøʬҦҹĶɵͣһ¡
ٴζ֣һɨնһ
콣еһؽ൱һڴͨٶȼ죬գۼǳڸʬǰ۵һ֮նķ飬ֻһ̯ɫŨѪڵϡ
Ҧҹһһǿ붼ȴȻһͬһ͸նˣʹһʱסˣ𺳡
վͨˣܿǴлعߵǰʩһ񣺡лȡ
쿴ϵıƽ
ŵл˵պҵ򡣡
ƽ
ƿпرһҦ֪ҦҵЩƱزưոݣϾǿҦҵǿҦڲҲֻкĵĵϵСһƿҦܻ⡣
ҦҹüȹҵôܻԵָ㣿
Ļǲ⡣
쿴ûнʲô
ЩӣһȥҦһˡ
˵
䣬СҶͯĹȥ
ƲƲ죬Ĵɫȥ
ҦҹǶݣȥҼһˣ˶٣Ҳ첽ȥȥҼʲô
Ǽ̸̸ġ

ʲô
һ仰Ҧҹü
бһۣû˵ʲô͡
СҶͯƽƬ谵ĹǰУŲʱĻصš
ܿ죬߳ȥ˰ɡ
ʲô
ͣҦҹ
ҲߵĹҦҹڣһ䣺ңߵ
룬ȷʵ
ǣǲ˵ʲôǰȥ
żĹȥǱøӱ䣬ͬа㡣
Ҧҹһһߴ죬˶٣˵ҽҦأ
졣
ڵ
Ҧม˵ʲôˡ
һ˼ǰߣû߳ãǰӿһɿ񱩵Ϣһͷ鲼Ѫɫۼ׵޳ֻ֣ۣǣĴ೤
ҦȻϵѪޣʱɫʬޣ
ǰˣڵʱǱ׷ͦҡǰֵͷʬޱȵͷҪǿһЩܹȵϰ벽漶ǿˡʬֻǿߵĴĹвп֣ܳרʬϲ˵Ѫ⡣Ͱ׼ڵʱһĹһͷʬޣʱ׷ɱĺܲҡ
ǰʬϵϢ񱩶ɭɭȻǷһ㶢ˣֻͫײ֮⣬һͺͬһѪ㳯һ
䣡
ɷӿһʱ䣬Ĺ
գ۶ѣʬ˵ǰϢʹҦ𶼲ɵ΢΢һ¡
ޱ飬ֱʬ˽ʱǶ֣һƽ֮ڵأ漴̧ȣһŲ¡
ʱ䣬ʬ޳ʹһҽ
׵Ϣ
̧ȣǺݺһŲȥ
һſû飬ֱӽͷʬ޸ȵķѣѪˮһضǡ
ҦǵۣȰ벽ǿߵʬޣȻһž͸ˣ
⡭
죬еľɫŨ˼֡
첻ʲôһͷ벽漶ʬ޶ѣԣǲʲôʵʵɱһֻûʲô
СҶͯĹУ߳úĲҽǰͬʱҲдŻҵ
Ӳ䣬ܿ߳ԶֻǰĿռ÷ǳĹۼͬһڣܼڴ˵أڷɱߵطһʿѪˮȾ˴Ƭĵر

ʿҽУһҧסһѪˮתۼǱ˸ɾ
ЩĹӿйĴڣһЩͨʿֵˣһֻʺˣ롣
ȻҲкǿʿЩ⣬Եסͨɱһֻֻȥ
䣡
ʱйаסһˣֱɱ˹
糣ɫڳһ󽣣Ĺնķ飬ͬʱƥĽɨǰĴƬնһտ·
ߡ

˵ţСҶͯȥĸԱߡ
Ҧ˶٣Ҳȥ
ʱ򣬵طͨĹ·ֻһˡ
ܿ죬һ߳˼Զǰһ޴ʯңа˺ɫĹ餣ʮ֮࣬ÿһڹ϶ӡһƵ磬ǳܼһɷǳѹֵϢ֯ڿС


962 ʮʬ
ʯҾ޴ʮɵţʹʯڵĿԵЩѹ֡
Щ餣ʶڣҡҷһ⵴
ʦЩйֶ
СҶͯС˵
СҶͯĿСһ˫ϣɵ΢΢һЦСһ۹Ȼһ㡣Ҫ֪Ϊڴ죬רſаʶڣʱҲֻǸоЩܻаѣСһȴ϶ĿڣȻѾ͸餿˹ʵʡ
Ҧ⻰в죬ЩԱߵҶͯ漴ĿҲСһ˫ϣʱ¶һ˿ɫ۾֪Ҷͯ۾Ϊ̫ۣȴĸоСһ˫ۺܲһ㣬ܲ
ʯﻹһʿ켸ȵ̽ѰܣʱȻҲСҶͯ˵ѭŷСҶͯ˹ȥ
Сӣʲôֶ˵Ļһϴ̵ĹͷʿСҶͯһֶࣺ˵ѻƴС̾ȻҲүҴ˭ȻֵطͷƶĿ⣬ǣСҶֵͯ죬ɫʱͱˣŵŵŵĺˣϳ죺㣬㡭
ЩòѾƬﴫˣ˻᲻֪ʱ򣬼ǣСҶͯ죬ͷжʱ¶֮ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ʯһЩʿҲע⵽죬Ƕݡ
쵭Įɨͷʿ˵ע㡣
ǣһһ
ͷʿͨɾ磬ΪǺܲʱȴǶͷһֵ̿ı顣һɽȴɶ߽˵ĺˣȻáѻƴС̡ߵĺͯʱȻ£֡
ɨ˹ͷʿһۣƿĿطͷʿȻ˵ȴҲʲôԭµĴֻΪ˾Ͷ䶯֡
طʿЩηӵĶ죬ͬʱҲСĵĴ޴ʯҡ
ʯţ
ͻȻʿʿڣָʯҵľͷ
ȥǸطȷʵһʯţϿӡķͼơ
棬ӦþĹĹˣ
˾ϲ
̼䣬һʿΧȥֱӾ˶֣ҪʯŴ򿪡ȻʯŹرյĺܽЩʿƲͨҲû˿á
֨
ʱһ촫Ұ޵צĦһ㣬Ĵ̶
ʱ䣬ʿǱܵһ
֨
ͬ޴ʯڣʮڹ餶һɹаϢԹ˳
ǣ
⣬Щ餡
аУ
ʱطһʿǱɫ
ǣСҶͯվԭأʶеҡҷĸˣһ⵴ͬ㽻֯ʶС
Сĵ㣬ЩڵĶ¶򵥣عҲ񼶡

վʶе춯˲Ǽа
Ļɵõۣطʮڹ餣浱涼漶Ĺ񣿡
ûʲôƫͷʯҵһһڹѾ鿪ˣпһ
˳ȥɵ΢΢ݣƫͷһߵҦҹҦ
ҦȻ֪ʱʲôС֮ǰǸʬǿܳȥģ
Ȼ

¡¡ģʯʮ𶯵ĸˣиӿ֯󣬿ģһڿڹȺһ߾߸ʬԹվ
ʱ֯ʯÿһ䣬ʹһʿһ
⣬ǣǡ
˶¡
ʱʮ߸ʬվǲżΪɲϢԵʮ㣬ʿԸов
ʮ߸ʬͫѪ죬Ƶ֯Ӳγһɫϣʯʯڵʿ
ǣ
ͻȻγɵĺɫϣʿһڵһʱоԼˣ޷ٸоϢ
ҲʱӿХ̶ʮʬȫˣɱʯڵһʿҪʴС
һ˲ѣѣᴩųһץ˳

ҽѪˮŽ
תۼ䣬ʯʮʿ˴ѣԹĸʬ˺飬ͨɰǿʿ
ģĶ漶񣡡
ۣʮͷ漶Ĺһ̵Щˡ
ԱߣҦ̲ס£Ȼǿ󣬾ڴΣ漶ȴǵֵˣ֮ǰѾһͷ񶷹ˣ򲻹ʱʯʮͷĴףܹݡ
ǰֻŴĸʬǳʯҾͷǵԱ򿪵ʯŴ˹ȥ򸽽ЩʿаɷŨңǺˡ
Щ餣ӦöǵĹڽԼǰЩʬֽţʹںǿаĹؿػԼĹҡ
˵
΢˫ۣʯҾͷǵԱ򿪵ʯţʯźľĹĹҡ
ͷѾǳˡ
ʱ̶Хǰиʬסˣֱ˹
ʱһɭ
ɫӿһʱ佫Ҷͯסһɫ콣âڳգۼǳڳĸʬǰ۵һ֮ն˸ķѡ
ߣҪ뿪̫Զ
Ҧ̧ͷǰǣҶͯʯҾͷǵԱ򿪵ʯŴȥ
ȻѾµʯźĹĹңȻ͵ýȥһ
ͷҦǲҴ⣬
𣡡
иʬͷһ˹
СҶͯһΣնһ볯⵴
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ɫѪըͷʬһʱ䱻նķ顣
һĻҦ̲סһʵǱǿסˣͷ漶ĹһȻô򵥾ͱնɱ

ҽ;ʯصʿնǰˣʯڵЩ漶û˿һȺɱѪˮͣ
סӣ
ʱʿˣųʯ塣
Ȼһ̣ҽٴʿһͷײʯҵǵȺɫϣֱӱ壬̼俪ʼڻתۼ仯һ̯ŨѪ
ʱʿȫֹס˽Ųһ˶֣ҪɫϣһͨȴǸãԽ֮ƻ
𣡡
Х̶ӿʯڣʮ񼶵ĸʬͫѪ죬ͬһ㣬ɱһʿʹһѪͣҽ˷
ôôôôʬ
ңǣѵҪ

ҡҲ
ҡ
ҽϣѪˮͣһ̣ʯڵһʿױ־帲ˣȻһЩͨɾǿʿҲ⣬岻ͣķ
ҲʱʿͻȻ죬ֵѣȾң
ʱ䣬ʯڣһʿһ졣
ѣǣ
˵ѣ
Ⱦǰ
Щʿ֪ǿɽȴ߽ˣʱȫϣϣһɪɪε졣
ʱڳʯҾͷǵʯȥЩȣɵýŲһ٣΢΢ü
漴һ̣΢̾˿ĽɫøŨһɼΪǿĽɢ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶תۼ䣬ٵ콣âԻֱնܣʯڵĹ񼶸ʬȫ֡


963 
ɱܶʿȴԲʯĳˣʯڵһʿȣȣȻԹۡ
ɫ⽻֯һâܣ̶Ľ쳹ʯҡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ɫѪըת۱ʮͷͨնһ̯̯ŨѪ
һʱ䣬ʯһʿϲ־ֺ
áǿ
˲
ǿߵĹ񼶸ʬЩһҲסЩʬǰͬһ㣬ЩǿĸʬУȴôһ
ﬣ
̶ɫĮɫâն¡
ЩâӱϿնʵȴǲȻ콣߶ĽÿһԿһǿͨ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ɫѪһըʯڣǿĸʬһͷͷ£Ѫһء
תۼ䣬ʯڵʮնɱֻʣͷѪ㡣
𣡡
ͷʬХѪɫͫ״˿˿ɫøŨ
漴һ̣ವƿͷʬɢ׿Ϣͬײռ䣬ɱ졣
򵥣ͨǿܶࡣ
ü
Ȼ˳콣նܼĸʬնˣΨͷûУ߶콣âֻЩ۶ѡ
΢Σ콣߶ĸǿи˵Ľ֣ǰնȥȵͷʬϣƬɫѪȴûܴݻٵǡ
һĻʹʯڵһʿһҲǿͷʬʬҪ౶
Сӣܸ㶨
ʵ
û⡣

וּһڳһʯϱ鲼磬ÿһ綼ɢŵڹ⣬ͬһɱ㡣
ʱ䣬һ˵ĽɢʯҶݺݵĶ
ǡƷ
ʯڣʿ
˶ϵʯ̲ס𺳡
ҦĲ֮ɫļΪƬĶеǿҲƷѣ죬ȴȻƿһƷε
ʯΪǰƬĻãΪƷʥ֮£ԳƵ޵У˿ʼһչǽˣɱͷǿĺɣһͷǾֱһֱۡ
һĻʹһʿ̲ס˿ǱȽסˡ
ﬣ
ƿʯƽ߶콣ɨһ貵Ľ⡣
˲Ϣʯҵĺɫϣʱɫϸķ飬ʹʯٴͨ
ߡ
ʯڵһʿ
ʯڣһʿһ¶ϲı顣۳ɵĺɫϱ飬뿪ˡ
лѣлѣ
֮û
ȥ¶ȻΪƣ
һʿǶ칪дǧл漴ǳʯȥ
𣡡
ͷʬУһͷס˳ʯȥʿʬĳǰȥ
Ҳʱ̶ХٴץסϵʯֱնʽһĽâ֣һһԾתۼǳͷʬǰֱûſʬڡ
۵һѪһءһΣƷʯ߶ʽɱȻǳ£ֱӽͷʬն飬ŵ

ذ
ллѣ
һʿʯܣл
תۼ䣬ʯڵʿ˸ɾֻʣ죬ҶͯҦ
𣡡
𣡡
ͷʬХϵϢø׿ͬҰް㡣
ವͷʬס죬ʬٴɱ˹
ʯƽһʽȺնֱͷʬ֡
ۣ
ۣ
ɫѪըͷʬҲնĳš
һʱ䣬ʯڣɫѪͺɫѪ֯һЩˡ
Ҧ죬̲ס£ʮ񣬾Ȼô򵥾ͱȫˡ
ɫƽһΣʯ
˿ɱĺܼ򵥣·ֻ̧ӽѣʵȻһʼڣÿһٶ߳ս򣬲ô򵥾ͽ񼶵ĸʬնɱǶԸͷǿʱѾ˾ųɵս
Ȼ£ûбҪ֮˵
ߡ
ǣСҶͯʯҾͷǵԱ򿪵ʯǰۿ
ȥʯϲз޵ͼƣɽӡǺ嫡
Ҧʯţݣ¶ЩɫǶ;ʯǳͣһĴǿ߶顣У񡭡ʯϻкǿĵ֯ţߺһ𣬹ͨǿ߶ѿԽ֮򿪡
Ȼ˳ȴǲû⣬ǰһּ䵭âơ
Ķܼ򵥣̧֣ԻȭΪֱһȭǰʯϡ
ʱ䣬һʯϳһѺۣͬ֩һ㳯ӡ
㡭
ҦǴ󾪣ȼ̵ʯţ֯µһǿ߶Դ򿪣ȴȻһȭ͸ˡ
СȣڣǻӶĳȭǶԷֵ˶ܱ׺顣
˵
Ҧһ˼顣
бһۣҦô
Ҧϵľɫ˵Ҿ뿴ʯźЩʲôģҲǡ
쿴һۣҲû˵ʲôʯһãʱ䣬Ѿ鲼Ѻ۵ʯŶʱ̮һɳ
ȥʯźһʯңɺܿмһʯףطǶѷһĶҩͨӦоС
ö
Ҧ΢һ۾Ϳһڴ󵶣â֯ȻǿƷطǿıкüΡ
ܲƣ
Ц
ĴųȥʯźһҲֱӱץƬһƷƷ⣬һЩҩĵȡ
Ҳ֣ܵһڱȡƷƷεҲ㲻١ңȡ˲ͨرвͨǷǳǿѾʧܾõΪ
Ĺǰǲһ㰡ղػǹʢ

ҦվһߣһڱɵЩĽϾƬĶĴˣܿҲƽֻǾš
̧֣ıץУһһʯڡֹȥʮץȡһ͸ĵƿһöɫ裬ʹʱ΢
񵤣
лһĨâϳɫ衣
ҦʱҲݡ
񵤣ʿֱӴӰ벽澳εɵ
Ҧ̲סȳ


964 ٻҶ
ҦΪĶҦҵĴˣȻ˵񵤡ϡ䣬˿ôĸ֣Ǿɫ
ǡ
ͷ
ƿҩҩ䣬¼ı֪ģһ۾Ϳ͸ҩƿڵɫΪ񵤡
񵤿ʿֱӴӰ벽澳Σûа㸱á
ö
˫۷Ź⣬ܿƲ죬Ϊطֻһö񵤡
н֯ŵâСĽö
ĹҲ⡰񵤡˵дˡ
ջ񣡡
Ц
ڴھ죬ٽһǰ벽澳ʱٷ񵤣һپܿ뵽澳磬һϵĴɱ䡣
Ҧ񵤣һ˿˿ĽıȻҦҲòֵ
ȡЩ

á
Ҧҡͷȵģ֮ʲôҲûö
ҪҲû˵ʲôĹڵҲһһ
һߣȻҲڶ֣צӻӶһڱҩץȥ
תۣʮȥĹĹڵбȫ
治٣

ʮһЩҩĵȣǸ࣬ȡʮһͨȣö񵤣ͼֵǷǳǴ˴νĹΪ޴ջ
ʱסʯмǿĹ餣ʣڹײˡ
ʯаŵһʯײģԶ;ʯɣӡĵơ
ʯף΢̧׸¶һǷ϶ʱмΪŨĸϢΪš
ֻʣ¹ˣʲôҲûС
˵
׸һǷ϶ѾԿУ΢Σֽ׸Ǹϡ
ƲƲ죬ʧԭĹĹҵõĶš
߰ɣȥ
ֿڡ
ĹõĶѾûбҪطˡ
ǣСҶͯĹȥ
ĴϣҦҲһߡ
ʱ·һߵĺ˳ûйȥñ߳˴Ĺżڣһ۾ܿɫأԶЩĵطһĴɽ
ûƬռﶺСҶͯԭ·ҦҲǸǣú뿪Ƭżƿ֮ǰǷӣ³
ֱɣԺӦûټ
Ҧ
ƿҦҵĿر׼ڿ澳ȥҦһˣ˵ⲻηҦңǿرȷʵҦңӦȥ¡
ҦɵĿ죬ȴҲûʲôٴζľл
û˵ʲôɨҦ漴ǣСҶͯԶȥ
İ죬ȥ
ܿ죬һ߳Զ
ܾ֡
ҦԶȥıӰһܹŹֵı顣
ˣؼȥ
ԹԵҡҡͷڿն𣬳Ҧȥ

뿪ӴСҶͯͽУٶȲ죬ͬǼ򵥵ɢ㡣
СҶͯԱߣԵúܰʱʱ̧ͷƬıλá
ôˣ
Ȼע⵽СһڿűλãǸطҶҵ֮
Ҷ֧֧ͯᣬۿЩʪ׵ĹǻңĹǰļ߹һĹСһֿʼȥĸĸˣ̲סѹ
СһԴЩϧ
û£ʦȥȡ
˵
ɫڵâСҶͯճҶȥ
ĴɫҲȥ
úһһƬ޴ĸۡǰԿһͤ¥
ȻҶҡ
Ҷͥ⣬һҶӵţһֳųì
ҶͯصҶȥ
Ҷһӵܷ˿ǰѯʣֶܿǱɫ˿죬СҶͯ
Сү
ЩҶӵܼСҶͯЩˡ
漴ЩֶҶͯ˫ۡ
Сү۾
ǰЩӣҶͯ˫۱ڣҶһͨӵ֪ܶʱҶͯ˫ۣұǰ۾ǲɵóԾͬʱҲܸˡ
һ̣ЩҶӵǲɵһע⵽Ҷͯ졣
죬ЩҶӵܶʱû˻ʱĹĴʵ̫ˣ߽ɽ£Ƕɵ;η
ʦȥȡ׵Ĺǻң𣿡
СҶͯʱڣСЩѹ
Ҷ⼸ӵ⻰ɫʱЩȻУкü˶ܹҶͯĸĶݡ
ܿ죬ЩҶӵܶǻعæÿһ·Сү
ҶͯЩҶӵǷĵϲҲǷĵء
ллǡ
СҶ̧ͯͷ졣
ͷ߰ɡ
СһֱҶڡ
Ȼϲ
Ҷף̨ͤ¥࣬ʯȶǲ٣һַǷ֮
СҶͯҶڣܿҶҵע⣬ҶҶҼ̫ϳȫ˳
Сͯ
Ҷ滽Ҷͯ˫ۣҶͯԼ̫ۣ̲ס΢΢¡
ԱߣҶҼ̫ϳҲǲɵһȻǿһ㣬Ҷ̫ͯ۱½˻ȥңñǿˣƺԿС
ʹǲҶͯԱߵ죬漴һ̲סһ
߽ɽ̵£Ѿ˵ƬΪҪ߽ɽ̵ˡ죬һ˴ɽ̣ĶҶͯɽ̵һֻۣΪҶͯĽ˻ȥñǰǿˡ
ǿ𺳡
ڣ棬棬棬棬桭
СҶͯʱڣһһйҶˡ
ֺЩ˲õСһأûǣ֮ǰҶʱʧȥĸ˫۵СһﱻҶҶڱСڣСһ۵ȴű¡ңЩ֪һĶΪСһҶʥۣ̫۱Ҷʥȡܵˡģֻ۶ѣûнСһϡ
ЩȻûкøУǵõ£ȻҲû
ҴȡҶյĹǻҡ
鵭Į
ֻôһ仰󣬸ҶˣǿһɨֱӱѰҶյĹڣҶһƬСڡ
СҶֱͯӳСӴȥܿǳҶյĹǰ
˱һĹֻһ򵥣Ҳݻľ
СҶͯٴμĸĹ̲סܿմʪС
ף
СһСȥĹ
£ҶյĹ餣棬װ˵Ĺǻҡ


965 
ҶֹͯסһεεڵϣСֽ˫׹ϵĹһ㳯ǣСֺܿú࣬·ҲմңΪСһģδתԪ̵СֺܿˣѪˮ
ĬĬվһߣĿš
Ҷ˺ܿҲϵСҶͯģⶼЩᣬȫСһ첽ȥ
˿
䵭
Ҷ˶ʱֹסŲҶ濪ڣ˵ǡֻ
Ҫ

վԭأҶǰԼҲȥֻǿСҶͯһǿҶչϵĹ
۵ӣĹҶͯĸĸСһҪȡظĸĹǻңҪǿĹӦСһԼȥТ
Ҷ滹˵ʲôȴҲʲô˵Ƕԭء
ס
СҶͯСȾѪһ㽫Ĺǿ
һۣʱȥСҶͯϵѪ࣬ڽĹȫǿ¶һľ餡
ءңһû󣬻롭еۣǰһء
Сһſڹᣬӳ鴤
վһߣûǰοֻĬĬĿСһ
ҲûǰֻǾĿš
ҶǰڽӴ䵭ʱȴǶô
ء
СҶͯᣬֹȥʱת촫µ̫ľľ餵Ĺ׸Ǹ򿪡
һĻʹҶ̲סһ£ľ餵Ĺ׸ǿٽأСҶͯȻľͽ֮ˣǶһҲʱǷǷСҶͯΪȻѾʶΡ
⣿
Ŀ𺳡
һĺӣ·СҶͯȻʶΣڵһЩӵܻҪǿ
ǲ죬̲סһҲ֪һУȫΪĹϵһСҶͯȽСҶͯԲܿ뵽ʶΣܲȾ
𺳡죬ֻսǿѣһƿ˵ֶΡ
ס
СҶͯĿϣҶյĹǻҹ޴ӹﱧ䱦һ㱧ؿڣδδ䡣
Ҷ˴ӶлعСҶͯʱɫֶһƬȻܡ
ʱˣСҶͯǰ
ʦ
СҶͯͷ죬ۡ
û˵ʲôСһԴ
߰ɡ
СҶͯ
СҶͯͷֶ˫׵Ĺǻҹ޷£Ҷˡ
ҶˣСһһ˿ͷڣүүүүүүүүСͯˣԺ󣬻ǵġ
Ҷ˲СҶͯˣۿʪˣ
úӣúӣҶǰԽСҶͯ㣬ĸĸףǡҶᣬСҶͯĹɶºТ˳ǰʱҶ﷢Сһϵ£окʹܺڡǰСһ׺˰ȴԼǵȴѣǣʱȴֻ̫ۣûȥСһĸܣ˺Сһ
ҶҼ̫ϳҲǰ˲ᣬСһһĿǷ֮ɫ
ߣ
⼸ЦȻҶЩ˻һøҲûС
վһߣɫƽСҶͯ
СҶֶͯҶ˹һСϵ˫׵ĹǻҹޣۣߵԱߣʦ
ͷСһҶȥ
СֵܣҶ濪ڣס죬СͯԺ鷳ˡ
ҶҶͯȻҶҵֱϵˣڣҪ콫СҶͯҶңǾǲܵˣң˫ȥСҶͯҲԸҶҡҪǣʱûȥСһ
ҵĵӣȻϤϣòǶ˵
䵭
ĽɫڳСҶֱͯڿն𣬳Ҷȥ
Ĵɫϡ
ת۶ѣһ뿪˺Զ

ҶСҶͯ뿪ķʣ嶼ɵò

СҶͯ뿪Ҷңúг˺ԶһСɽͷ
СҶͯ˫׵ĹǻҹᣬСѹ
ʦڡ

ɫâڵСҶͯ˫֣ܿСһϵ˺ۻָͬʱҲСһϵȸĨ
漴΢Σһöʯ䣬ٸΪСҶͯϣͬʱʹʯķʶСһʶ
ӷʯаɣСˤˡ
СҶͯ
СҶͯʵͷĨϵۣʶ΢˫׵Ĺǻҹ޸
ʦ
ͷ죬Сһѹ
ȥġСһԴʦ洦ߡ
СҶͯСɽУͽУСһ￴ɽˮݿľƣޣݣ֮嵭СһˣͬʱҲĥľ
תۣ¹ȥ
ʱ䣬СҶͯ߹ط˺ܶ羰ʼʱСһʱʱȡ˫׵ĹǻҹޣСᣬʱһȥСһ࣬ģʧȥ˫׵˳żҲ¶Цˡ
壬ɺø߰
߿дСҶͯ˲ɸߡ
վԶСҶͯԽԽʣָԸ񣬲ɵ¶һĨЦ
ʱԳ嵭һС

΢ϯǰĺڷͫױúƽͣȴЩ䡣
Сһ߹طණʹСһ˫ȥʹн˳ͬʱԼľҲԽԽƽͣϢԽԽ㣬վʱûܹһǿĴʿ
ӭСҶͯЦȥкһһطȥ
û£ǴСҶͯɽˮͽС
һۣһ¹ȥ
ʱҶͯʧȥĸʹ˳úһСǿԿЦˡ
Ҳһ죬Сһ뵽һƬ֣Ũһͷͷǿ޴ּ䣬ĶǿʶվҲǷǳࡣ
ȥս
СһɫӿСһֱӶȺ
Ȼ۰Сһȴȥ簮ȻĵӣǾעΪսһ;ϣֻĶԴ񣬹ȥµʱ䣬СһѾӸĸȥʹ߳Կʼ·ǰˣҪʼս
𣡡
໣
У޼СҶͯҰУʱȫȥ
Щ޶ԣʱСҶͯȻǵĿ
СҶͯЩ£ܿͲˣҲ֪ĥУв֣ת̫ľֿȭӭ˹ޡ
Сӣ򵥵似ûһҲûĺã
۵
ƽ̫ǿʱӦ̫ۣȵվӦþܳƿ̫ۣʱͨ
룬ɵõ˵ͷ޼ôͦе
𣡡
ǰһͷͷСҶͯ׿
СҶֻ̫ͯľ̫似ͨʲôᣬֻܳ޲һʼͲͣˣпǿߵǺʶΪԼ̫壬ſˡ
Сһ֪ĥܼǿѪҲʹҧս󣬽ģСһ˫ԽԽ̫ǾֵԸƣսԽԽ˳ʱʱһͷͷ޸Ʒȥ

Զ̲סһ䡣
վԱߣСҶͯһ޲սԽԽ˳ƽ͵нй֯
ˡۡ



966 
ۣŵľһ޳˫ۣɿؼƣһƬЩж٣һ۱ɿң˫۾Կ磬ؼЩǿı仯֮ɸıݣʶȴǿԣһЩĵطʶܵѹƣȴѱѹƣԿ
ң޳ۣսž֮Կ͸ͨݱ䣬˫Ԥ⵽ֵһӶǰӦǳˡ
쵱յõʱǣߵҪ̫ˣΪǿֻ⵽ɣԣһֱûȥڱֱڣӴСҶ̫ۣͯʼţˡ
㿴ҶͯΪȻûľǰҪ֡
һ˵һ޴ľϣֱϥ
кɣһעСҶͯսһ죺ʲô


ʱѾʶɨӹƬֵĸطʿңеޣǿҲֻǲͨɼѣ̫ǿӦУطۣҪʲô
ľ֮ϣ˻ûٺ˵ʲôֱӱ˫ۡ
ˣ
Ľɫ⽻֯ڵѪʼڣһƵĳ˫۴ӿȥ
漴еԻϣ͸պϵ˫۵ķ϶û˫ͫڡ
֮ʼתתʷǿһƵԻҲʼӿŴһ˫ͫ
򷨣
е
ۣΪһ򳬼ͨҲԳһ屦⣬ǷӡѪ޾ǱֶͨԳһͷţԼѪƺ屦򿪣̶޳ۡ
ǿѪ˫ۣԴʹ˫ڵǱܵͷţͺñǣһֻһ׵СռŬΪһһǧ׵Ĵռ䣬ٽֶͷųǱܵ˫֮ڡ
⣬۵
̿Ƽ򵥣ʵȴǺܼѣҷǳգһŪñɿµĵˣܵ˫Ŀñ٣޷ϣҲκá
ˣ
һƣһ˿˿һԽ֯⣬Եöʡ
ԵúܰȫУѪʹ۵˫֮ڣͬʱӿϣص֮С
ˣ
⣬ɫӿʱʱԾһ£ƹһƵĽ֯
ˣʱһһĹȥ
Ҷͯǰս޲ɱսѾԽսԽ˳
עҶͯķ΢΢˵ͷ漴һ졣
һʲôô˫лȥˣ
ֹЩɻ
ȻЩɻ󣬵ȴǾһߣ˷Բǧڵпռ䣬һⷽԲǧʲô춯ǿڵһʱо
ʱţģձðˣϷǸ֣ԡ
СҶͯڲԶսڣѾʮͷſ˵ϣһͷճڵĴСһȭͷſڵأһֱûվ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶľĴ׳֦ϣĽɫøŨƶǱøǿʢɢһ貹ܱ߸յһƬ
ԼѪʹ˫ۣ˫ۣԼ˫۱øǿʵ˫ͷǱܣͬʱƽ˫ȫƣһ롣
ܿ죬䣬̫
µһ¿峿Եúģº͵ĹâƬĴϣޡ

죬̲סƲ졣
ŲԶսСҶۣͯСһﻹоҲûСһͣ£죬Ϊ커ŷԲǧпռ䡣
ܿ죬̫߿ա
ʱ䣬һʱ֡
ˣ
һ̣컺˫ۣ̺ž˵⣬һƽ֯˫ͫϣʹɵþһ¡ǰҲƹ⣬ʱȴԺǰͬʱеƺǿͫһ㣬ң⣬˫ɢŵ̫һ㣬Щ
ʲô
̲ס
һ̣ĸо֮ǰЩ仯΢Щļ¡
ûпڣȻ˫ˣƤȴ΢Щʲô鷳У⽻֯˸һĲУҲЩһƽĴͻȻ䶪ȥһʯӰ㣬һжˡ
ٴζݣԸоϢò̫ȶͬ߻ħ˰㡣
üͷ֪ʲôֻһߡ
ܿ죬ʮȥϵϢøңӲȡ
ȣ
һֱȳһھѪ۽ҲѪ¡
ɰһ£æ˹ȥСӣ⵽ʲô⣿ѪҲͰˣô˫ҲѪ
ҡҡͷ³һǵѪҲ۽ǵѪɡ
ԭΪȻΪԴ˷Ծʽ꣬ӦǿԱȽ˳޳۵ģǣȵʱ֪̫ˣ˫۵еҪϰٱǧһֱ˲СĴˣǱûˣʱ˫ڱһհʹ궼
΢ΣȡһװˮȡһЩ£漴ת̫ľʹˮȹ̾
ɫ΢䣺˵ˣ
ˮѵãĵˣ˿̣ˮȻµЩˡ
һ㡣

һۣܵĳȷʵСܴЩˡڵʱõˮԱĵˣˮԣʲô⡣
ˣ
㣬ת̫ľˮܴľ񽥽ȹĵҲǺܿȬ
üͷĺʵ˵СӵʲôȻܵˣ
΢΢˶٣Ҳûжһ۵¡
ۣʱ󾪣үһҰʷϿһأƣͬʱۺ۵ĴսȻʤȴҲϵЩϣϼһǿͫ˵Ѳ⣬ǳˡ죬ֱ˫ۣνۣѵ꿪ͫУȴͨ


967 ɷ
ѯʣЩסˣУһͫ
С
ͷ϶Ļش
ʹ̲סݣǾȡ
ѹ֮ǰĹУѪƶ˫ȥѹ֮ǰʱүоЩ仯үЩļ£ԭ꿪ͫ⡭
۵
ǲҰʷϵļأ꿪ͫǳ£ں˶ۺ۵ı⣬һ޳ɣ˿Ҳۻ۲
Щľ˶٣´˷죬ʵǣˣ
ѣʧˡҡͷֵջһġ
һۣȻûгɹЩˣȴҲһã˫۵ǱܱھһЩӱ˫ǿһ˿
ɱڶʿˮ׼ܼѣ
졣
㲻ǿѪ𣬲֪ܵ𡣡

˷ۣɵЩпô˵أ治꿪Ĵ̬СӵȻô˵ˡҪǽͨˣư벽ʿܴܶ
ֿܡ

⵹Ϊǣ۵Ѷȷʵľˣ
ѽʦ壬ѽ
ͻȻһ
ԶҶͯһ࣬Ѫһͷɸߵ׷󣬼β㱻̵
ͬʱƫͷȥɸߵ۷ˮ׼СҶͯʵ̫ѾɣȴҲǲܵˣοСһѾս˺ܾã˥࣬ԪҪĹˣֻǱĲͣӴܡ
ݸһЦǰһָɸߵ޸ʮԶ
漴վһһμǳСҶͯǰ
ʦ
СҶͯץĿţģһı顣
̧֣ɫӿתۼǽСһϵ۹ȫĨȥͬʱҲСҶͯϵ˲ϢȬ
һʱ䣬СһľǣԪ𶯣üĴ¡һһС쫷磬ֱʮ󷽲ƽϢ
ʹСһ˵ۣС֣漴죬ױһĵʦҴﵽʶڶˣ

쵭Цͷ
ܣֵſŲޣüͷܿճھǿߣͬʱҲ˵вٶľܹĳյգСҶͯһֱŬ⸽սûа͵ки
СһԴȻСһϣȥһһҹСһҲۣͦ׼СһĴߣϢһ¡ͬʱԼҲٶ࿴ɽˮľãӦûЩá
£Ҷͯ߳ɽһͽУĿ;һС
㲻ˣ
Щɡ
ЦǾ仰ô˵ţļԲȶһܽ޳ɡ
㵹ͦš
Ʋ졣
ġ
Ц
СҶͯŴУƽĴɽܱߵĲľżӿݶϰʳɫƽԽԽƽ͡
ʦԹСҶͯúһˣıĴӲԶժؼöҰݸһöץһöҲԡ
Ц˿ڴСҶͯȡĹӣӵرһݵڿڱߡ
СҶͯѧҲ˸ݷŵҧסһˣ¶ܴһ⣬Ȼְһݸ壬

ЩԣǴСһн˹ڿС
һʱ䣬һЩǻֵӡ
ʱĺܿ죬ת۱ա
ռ䣬ʲôҲûֻǴСҶͯɽˮøƽ͡
֮ûã߹һӭһȺͨʿ߹ȺʿŵһһļµĶ죬æóһ·
ߵﶼ˺°ʮɷǡ
б졣
СҶͯͷ壬ʦǺˣɷǣ
˷ۣû˵ʲô
ɨһۣûЩηʿ߹Զȥ
ܿ죬СҶͯ߳ȥԶһ𣬽ʧڴľͷ
ֱʱ򣬴ϵһȺʿ˿һ³һڴ̲ס¶ϵ亹
û뵽ﾹȻˣǡҿ;ü
һʿӡ
ǴĺʢɱڤĽڵŵʥӣնʥŵɽ̸һǿߣɱʮǿߣɱ˸һһ漶̫ϳϣһ߽ɽ̣ܲη塣
Ҳ֣ʥŵɽ̺ڤĽڵȼɶǰĳ棬Ȼûɳһǿ׷ɱǺˡ
ǰ˸ǶǺɵ˰ɣٶǺ˶֡
Ҿò̫ܣڤĽڣѪɺīԪŻΪǺ˼ɵҶ֣ʥŵɽ̾ԲᣬϾɽ̿ҪڤĽڵǿܶ࣬ڶǿ򡣡
ǡ⼸ôô
Ҿã⼸ǲưոݣɽ̣϶ڰʲôܾôˣϾǺ˿ɱɽ̸һǿߣɱɽ̵ʥӣɱɽ̵һңɱ˸һٴǿߺһ̫ϳϣҪôˣ⼸պţ
ȺʿСۣԶȥ

СҶͯѾ뿪ԶһһƬУڵĿãܲףľܴ
Сһɽ䣬ݣľݣޣתֹȥա
һ죬һ鲼޵Ĵɽͬǰ㣬Сһȥս
Ű
СҶͯȻս˻ʹȴһҲ£ܿкһЩʶε޲ɫԪССȭͷ͡
ЦŲ΢ΣڲԶһľ֦ϥ£׼ڶۡһʱһν࣬ڽɽĹУѾɱ󣬲õܵš
Сһﻹңˡ

Ʋ죺ġ
Цŵͷ漴˫ۣѪһʱ˫۴ۣͬһʱ䣬Ҳһӿ֯һɻԣû˫С
ˣ
һʱ䣬ڣǸͬһƻԾ
ɫƽѪʹ򲻶ϻ˫ۣҲͬһʱתͬƥ㽻֯һͷͷŴһӿ롣
ʱ䣬ܱ˫ۣͨƤķ϶оӿ
һעŲԶ޼ҲСҶͯһΪ커ȳɵ΢΢ۣϴŲСĽ


968 Ի
⽻֯˸ϣɫƽ˫еĴƱøࡣ
һƣƺܺܿͳɹĸо
涢죬ҲͬʱעŲԶ޼սСҶͯ
ʱ䣬һιȥա
ռ䣬Ҷͯ;ͣЪΣȴһֱĬĬŨ
ܿ죬һȥ
һ죬ٴαûʹھ
ȣ
ͬϴΰȳһھѪ˫¸Ѫˮ
һ˲䣬ϵϢ˲١
һæ˹ȥȻǿʲôʧˣ
ͷǵѪѪˮ
ʱо˫ͫϴθʹˣǧٸںݴһ㡣
΢Σʯȡˮڣ漴ת
˵ˣôоһλأ

ʿԣǷǳصģ񣬲ʮʱѣ쾹Ĺεˣⲻò˵һǳµ顣
û£гˮ˶Ҳʲô

˵ţ΢΢̾Ϣ¡
ˮڣ񲢲µĵˣˮ̾Ϣǣ۵ʵ̫ˣʵô
Ҷͯȭ
ԶһĺСҶͯģһֻСȭͷһͷճڵĴҵڵأʹûһĴϢ
ƫͷȥÿһĻǲɵþЩЦ
ʦ壡
СҶͯڴϳһһ֡
ԶԶСһ¶һĨЦվ
ˣ
ʵ
Ȼ죬̫ļȥɽ˳㣬СҶͯսգҲϢһ£һζսǺ¡
ƲƲ죬û˵ʲô
£һһһαǳСҶͯǰСһ˵ĲأСһԼת̫壬ǴСһ뿪
ͬǰǰ㣬ûʲôر£ֻǴСҶͯ򵥵ͽУ߹һɽԽһƽÿձСһսĥȻҲÿվͿʼһۡ
ˣܿ¹ȥ
ʼۣʱڵһʮΣǣһ⣬ÿһζʧˣÿһζܴᡣ
ˣ
һ죬һֵĴʯϣʼʮεԽ֯ȫ
һۣһչȥ
ȣ
ոʱٴοѪѪˮøӶࡣ
˫΢вֻо˫Ҫը˰㡣
üСӣоͷɣͫʵҪǿнۻۺ۵ۣС
ǵѪѪƽûΪʮεʧܶҡ
ʵͨУӷɷ죬ɶݵأﵽʮԪҲ𣿼ȻУôʲô
˵
죬ʱԣ
쵭Цȡˮʮڣ̫ľĵˡ
һʱ䣬â֯ĵ˺ܿȬ
ɫЩСӣүû㣬ѾʮεˣټΣˮҲὥʧȥá
ͷ֪зִ硣
ˮȻܺܺõˣͬһ˷ܵˣˮˣЧȻ൱ʳʳһʳüãڶβҲʳõĹ࣬ͻʧȥоˮ
΢΢³һվ
ȥߡ

ƲƲ죬ûж˵ʲô
СҶͯһսãСһ뿪ĵط
һΣͽ˰£࣬漴ǴСҶͯһɽսţԼһʯϿʼһۡ
ˣ
⽻֯Ѫʹǳ˫ͫ۶ȥ漴תһƸ֣Ҳ˫ͫӿȥ
ʱϵĹâøŨһٶȸǣ˿˿ڡ
һĬĬĿţͬʱעСҶͯսҲעŷԲǧڵÿһռ䣬ֹʲôͻȻ
ʯϣâ֯ȫڳ˫ӿȥɻһơ
ĬĬɫƽ꣬ɢϢʱºͣʱ񱩡
ˣʯϣһǰ¡
һ죬ľøڣ͸˫Ƥ϶ӿࡣ
ֹȥʮ󣬺䣬ϵϢһ٣ŵľֱӾȥӿҲֱ㡣
ڴʯϣѪ۽ҲѪˮһ̻˫ۡ
ʧˡ̾Ϣ漴Щݣ˷ƽȣһκûܵˡ
쵭ЦվǺ۽ǵѪ漴սһҽΪѹƵڣֻܹңκֶζʹá
ۣҪ

򵥵
Щɵ죬ȴҲûԴٶʲôֻǵ˵ͷ
£ɽڣСҶͯͣ޲СһƵһ԰ȫĵط漴ԼΪѹƵڣ֮Ҳѹȥ
ˣ
ɫֱӹɱϡ
Ҫ£˿Ҳ飬ԴΪͨ
һʱ䣬ǿķеһƵӿȫѹ졣
ɫƽչͨչֱӭϣһ˿˿عƣֻɱܣͨеѹƵڵΪȥӣеøŨ
飡
һâϣĺɣֱӿѪ
ʦ
ԶСҶͯػţѪɣ̲סг
ҲüͨȶһգСӣ⵽׸ʲô
Զվҡͷ漴ֵûϵҪ飬Ըֶι
۵һΣﵽһٽ㣬ֻһܳˡҪһЩĹͻơ
˶٣ٴζˣͨʩչĸǿеҲӿ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģܵĿռһ飬ɽڵһȫŵķڵأĴ²սս
䣡
ޱâƣȫӿȥɱ
ڴˣ侲ɲչκΨ΢⻷ƣֱֱĶѹܼӣŬ뿴屾ʡ
飡
һΣʮɱɨУٴκɣӶ˴ߣѪܡ

ת̫ת޸ĵ壬еøŨ
üǿͨԻƺƵѹ졣
춢ѹƽֻǵܣ˫Ŀӡ
飡
飡
飡
âݺᣬһδαɨɣһδοѪ

޸
ɫ𶯣еͬ쫷ӿ֮ǿѹȥ
⽻֯ӭϡ
ɱܣ˫۽֯âӣܡ
飡
飡
飡
һһΣͨУ飬ȴɲʩκֻ˫ĿͨȻܡ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥһʼýӦĸɱ⣬ܵĶԽԽ磬ԽԽ򵥣˫ҲԽԽ

ѹе
¡¡ģУһһܣ˫۱ø漴ģ俴ƺһ˿߽һͬһĸ˿·֧һƺͨıʡ
ңͬһʱ䣬ӿɱóٻʩĶҲ·һ˲֮£ܹʩÿһϸڡ
ˣ
˫һ˲ӭѹɱ⣬һָƽѹ¡
ʱ䣬͵һ촫ѹɱȫ飬ɢΡ
ʹһͨжǿɱǿߡ콫ΪѹڣС磬ȴһָͷǿ𺳡
죬Ŀ˫ϣֱɫСӣǡ
ʱ˫䣬ͫϸԻһ΢СԲȫ۶ɣǱӡȥİ㣬ضλáһ̣ӭ˫ۣЩоԼ·͸˰㣬С


969 
˫ۣľסˣЩëĸо·ԼһʲôҲزס㣬ָо͸ˡ
ԶСҶͯطȻҲʱ۾ɵ۾ʦ˫ϣôһСԲ

紵Ƭռ䣬ɳ
ɨķһ̣оޱȵḷ̌ƸڣԿĺ
¶һĨЦ⣬˫ϵͼʡ
һ£漴˲ȻЩʲô
ۣ޳ˣ
졣
ԣۡЦŵͷѹƵΪָֻоԼľøǿЩһ̿ʲôǿ˱ʰ㡣˶٣ֵֻǳ޳ɶѣ봿ƿغʹɣԶ
⻹ֻǳ޳ɣ
˫ĿɵĸԲЩʱԵᵽ˫۾Ŀ£һĲĸоȻȴǳƣŽֻǳ޳ɶѡ
ԣ޳ɡ
ͷ
˫Ŀϣһƽ֯һ״˫۶һ΢΢ۣ漴ٴ˫ϵԲʱʧ˫۱úƽʱһ
˫ϵͼƲˡжݣ⡭ܱȥˣ
ͷʹʱ˫Ȼȥƽռһ
ʦ
СҶͯԶ˹ץĿſɾĶ˫ۡ
ʦղŵ۾Ư
Сһ˫ģΪ껹СоҲ㣬Բᵽ޳ɵ۵Ŀ¡
ЦСһԴ
߰ɣ뿪

Ϊͨ۵Եʣʱ򣬷ԲڶѾǱٵĿȫǣľ飬̮Ҳ޷ʲô
⡣

ͷСҶͯţɽȥ
ʱ߳ɽŸԶȥ
Ϣա
˵
޳ۣСҶͯ⼸ҲһֱŬսﵽʶ죬ÿһ¡ǰһʱ䣬ȻҲǼվȥɽˮǲϵϢΪ
£СҶͯͽУɽˮת۱ֹȥʱ䡣
һ죬һһƬԭϣ΢һݣ
СҶͯӵϰһݣϴǰڿУ漴ְֱݸʦ壬
Сһ󣬿еݣɰ
ЦӹСһݹݷŵУһʱ䵹ԵʮС
Ʋ죬ҲСһݳݽӹڿУ˶ٺ󣬸ɴһԵҧȥ
ҧݣӺƽǰĺڷƮԵЩƮݡ
ѾϢ죬üˣﵽ벽澳ȻһٳΡ

ǰõһö񵤣ֻҪ벽澳ö񵤣ֱӿ뵽Σûκθáʱʵֽһɱ䡣
ݣ
ͻȻԶպâէ֣
һɫâһɽͬβ͵ǣٶȿ켫ֱĳüĹᴩ
ɱ̹ǣˣ
ʱɫâ̫ˣ£ȻɱڶǿߣһҲǾֱһвһ˰㡣
ȫܣַһƣϵСҶͯȫĿӲ࿪ܹüҪͬһʱ֣ӭļʸצȥ
ۣ
ɫâ֣漴ؿڴᴩһĿѪ졣
ʦ
СҶͯ󼱣̲סгǵһμԼʦˣؿڶᴩˣѪܡ
ݣ
ɱ֣ԶĴɽ䣬һɫâһͷ㣬ٶȱøӿ죬Ǳֱ׼üģ;һա
ǿһ֮һӿֲǻüģԻһɱڵһʱʶ꣬ȻܻĿܡ
ʱоһĿ£֮㣬·ԴݻСȻоһĿ£ȴη壬ͨɫڣǚiڼ䲻ݷʮԶѵıܿһ
Ȼһ̣ɫֱ䣬ܿĺɫâı䷽ӵԼʶ㣬ٴγתǰ
ۣ
ĿѪˮµһֱᴩؿڣ廮Զա
ʦ
СҶͯٴˣۿһ¾ʪˡ
ɣؿڴѪֻоˣ׶İʹ鲼ȫɵһʱ侹ס
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
̶Х쳹գһΣɫâԶĴɽгٶȸ죬ɱǿתۼǳڻסϣֱ׼ǣüĺ͸Դᴩһ˲
ԿĳԶɽڳֵ˷ǳ£ΪǴ澳磬ҷǳóɱ֮ɱʱյķǳã첻סʱɫâգۼǶ׼ҪǱɱ֮֡
ңԣ˰˾ǵΪɱ죡
ͺ𣬼ɱ֣֮ɫ𶯣еӿȥ
ݣ
ˣԶĴɽУһɫâ
ңһɫâ֮һɫâĳСҶͯȥ
ɫʱŭһҧͷСҶͯɱԼǵɱ⡣
һչеȺƵɫȴѿϲСҶ֧ͯɱٶȡ

ŭ𣬷١
ͬһʱ䣬һؿѪѾ֧ɱƵǰȻǱ޿ɱܣѰˣһǿߣҲԻѡ
ֻǣûη壬Ŀ˫˲Ϣ䷢ı䣬ֻͫϸһԲֱ֣ۡ
һ˲ѣرޱѾ嵽ǰɫɱĹɱ켣͸ɼ
ৣ
һΣһƿֱӴɫɱİΧȦ룬ڼ䲻ݷҶͯԱߣ˫һһץסһһĺɫâɫӿâķ顣
ʱһСӣ㡭ղɫɱֲޱȣץס˾ѵʱɱ죬ѾƵǰ£ǿҲܱܿпܻѣû뵽Ȼǵ˳ԼٸСҶͯɫɱҲһˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶĴɽԼ䴫һƺҲЩ΢
һ̣ɱԡ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ƿصһΣɫâÿһңǵϢǽһ𣬽ʮռ䣬סÿһҪ
Сӣģүûв´жֵˣǳ񳯣һɱǳ£
ͳ
˫ͫϣƽ֯ɻ״ͬǱӡȥİ㣬ƣܳɫâǳ£乥켣ȴܹĺܿÿһâ㣬һ֣ն콣
ﬣ
콣ɱǿۣնâԵ㡣
ͬʱڣʵ񳯣ʲô
죬ͫı仯֪ۣԷЩ񳯣һɱ֯ڵھ򣬱ȻĹҪ²١ԶɽȺɫâˣϢ䣬һһɱʱյķǳãȻΪóɱ֮񳯵ɣ˻Ѹߴۣ붯񳯵ɱ㣡


970 ֮
Ļ쵱ü񳯣ɱ֯ھ򣿡ھƺֻлĹԹĹɱҰɣ
˭˵ǻĹˡ˵Լ룬˭ϣ
΢٣ʥŵɽ̣ڤĽڵɡ˵ţҡͷӦã˸ɣɽǿ󣬵ݴԣڵǿҲֻǲѣʹﲻھ޷ȥ񳯡
˭һҪȥھ񳯵ɱˣɱ֯¶أ֪֮ǣһЩǿߺʹȴϵǵⷽʽڵһͨеķʽҲϵ񳯡Ȼίɱ˵Ĵ۷ǳ߰һ˺һе𡣡
䣡
ҲʱǰӴɽɫâն콣ײһ𣬾ֱԣԵĹһƵĳӡ
ĻԹУɫâɱɿ¡
üն콣ۣǻɫâ㣬ȴ룬ûнɱٵ
ļʸ˵ţһ߱ɹƷΣʸļʸǿޱȣɹᴩң˵ǣļâĿݣǿֱӽļâݻ٣ǳ񹭵Լֹסɱ򣬼ʸһֱɱȥֱմȾĿѪΪֹǳ£ԶӦþļ
һĨ΢⣬ʸմȾĿ֮Ѫݣȷʵһںǿˣ˫ңҲ֪Ϊ֮ǰܿһɫâǺɫâȴת䷽ᴩԭôһ¡
ǰɫâһ۹۲죬漴ֱӡɫͼѹǰɫʸֱ֣顣
Сһ

˵ţסԶɽǚiһѭźɫâķһԶתۼǳڴɽڣԶԶļһӣһźɫĳ乭ҾӨ˿ǿ˸磬Ĺ㡣
䵭ûаĶһ˹ȥֱӻӶȭѹ¡
ˣ
ɫȭѹȳգտ죬˲顣
ӸźۣΨݿɼ֯һİϢ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ǰر鿪ʮڼѸѲ⣬ɱˣȫ֡
춯ݣӾȻܲʮɱʱԽ
ﬣ
̶𣬺Ҳڴʱˣֳֹгһ̽üġ
̽һޱȵĽǶȻ̶ϣͬһѪĶߡ
˵һھɱ֣һʼĺɫɱ죬ĸ֪ÿһҪԶ̽󣬴üģۣƾɱ֣֮ȻǿˣҲǱɡ
üĺܿ£ΪڶأַޱһһܣȻЩԾȴҲֻһ˲ѣһ̣Ũͫһǲ׽ʮɱй켣ֱӳӡ֮ȫ
Ҳʱ̹ǵĺƽӳŶ̽ɱǰֱ
һٺõ˻ǿҲ
ﬣ
̽죬綾ι⾶ֱƵüǰ
룬ֻа粻
Ϣת۽֣ɱˣ
Ȼɫȴ䣬ɱһ·ǳУָᵯһɫâϣɱһ˿ȥ
ͬһ̶ڹ뽣δɱ£ټͬһḬ̃ƣߣٶȿľˡ
ߣ

ǚiٶȸ죬ת۱׷Ϻӣһ¡
ȻҲһ̣ӾϢʧˣβ٣Ϣ٣ͬ˿㣬Ǵûгֹ
СҶͯʱǵ˸߿ϣһĻæ񳯽һɱ԰ϮΪзǳ֮ɱҲڴɱɺѸٶߣκϢȫ䣬֮
Ĵʵ϶ںϢʧҲδ⣬˿˿תֱУ˲ǲ׽˺ӵӰһ絽ϡ
ﬣ
гʯƽƷֱ֮֯ĳźնȥ
ͫ΢Ȼû뵽Լʩչ֮쾹ȻĿò⣬еĶ̽ӭʯ

ʯѹ£ֱնϺӵĶ̽ңһɴ͸Ķ̽𶯶ϣںӵϡ
һӱΣɣпȳһѪͫ׸ӽ˼֡죬֮չȰʧ̰㳯Զߡ
߲ˣ
䡣
ۣʣӼ֮ǚiһչ˲˹ȥʯһֱȫʩΪʽͨ
וּһХ鳤գʽݻĽâһһԾתۼǱƵӽǰӵ·
񹭣Ϊնӭʽ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦䣬ӺɣϲѺۣƷڣֱӾͻʽ顣
һʯ𣬺ն¡
òϣ񳯵Ӻܿ£ǳóɱֱ֮ɱΪǡ޳ۣ֮ǰڼѾҪԷ಼µʮڼǱ̽ҲѡңʱûۣҲ޷ƶԷ֮κβ˶Է
ʱ飬â£ֱնӵͷ­ǿ콣ܵпռȫסԷһ˿һܻᡣ
ﬣ
ʱɽһ̶ĽһѪɫƾն֣ˡ
ǿһµһǴδ֪ն£ǻ죬ҲǱǾֱϵСҶֱ֣ͯСҶͯüġ
Ȼطֹһ񳯵ɱ֣ǿڰУǿܲһ㣬Ҳ֮ǰһĻĻ֪Ҷͯĵӣʱֱӽɱ׼СҶͯԴǿΪߵĻᡣ

кâԣУӣеʯƽֱɽⶪԸٶȶϣ´СҶͯľɱ
ͬһʱ䣬Զеһߣ
Ȼߡ֣ǶԺ˵ġ
Ϊɱ֣սڶʱڻɱĿ꣬͹ϳߣǵ׼
һҲߣ
캮
ԶķۿһУʩչ֮еһӣһ˹ȥֻͼһʱƵ
ʱŭˣû޳ۣ֮ǰѾɱңǺӺǻӣǰԾɱСҶֺͯ飬ܡ
ĵһӣö£ɿɰǰǸոճ޾ͷ˫ȥ˫۱ڣò׻ָȴȻǰɱ׼Сһ

ۣٶͬһɫ㣬һǳڻǰ۷Էе·ֻͼѹ¡
Ӵ󾪣û뵽ٶȾͻȻǣ˲Ϳ絽ڶصĽǰңֻͼ˫ۣļ£㡭
䣡
ֻͼѹ£ֱӽ֣۵һķ飬
ಣ
ͬһʱ䣬ɽƿӶͬûаٴκˣԼٶߡ


971 壬ȥ
ӵٶȷǳ죬֮תۼԶ
ƫͷŲһΣǚi˲˹ȥһ㡣
תۣȥ׷˶Է̽ŶԷץȥ
չ֮գͬʧϢҲûˣ޷̽Ѱ˵һھĴ


ƣƽ֯ɻһһϣ˳ͬһ˰ɶ
ӿѪͫٴνһζߡ
ֻǣ첻ܸᣬǚiһת۱ǰһȭѹ¡
ˣ
һֱ̣ӳ˻ȭѹƬռ䡣
ӱ޿ɱܣֻó⣬ݻһӭϣ֯â
ͣ
һ죬߾ֱĻȭ·顣
󣬵ȭȭֹںϣ֮飬ѪȾգе񹭸ǾֱȥԶҳʮ޴ѺۣԿĳҲǧ
Ӵͺؾۣתۼǻָٳͨ
ҲʱֱӽֻͼƺƵ£ֱ֣ϰ˻ĵÿһ䡣ʱûֻͼֱԷǴԷһǿͨԷѹڵر֮ϡ
˭ɱҵģ
źӡ
У²пڤĽںʥŵȰ˸ίеɱǱϾֻǲ²⣬ǲǣҪȷһ¡
ӱֻͼ£˼¶Զ˫ĿеĹâ漴һ̣ͣһɿ񱩵Ĳɢ
ԶɫٵСӣˣҪԱˣеԴ߻Ѿٽٽ㣬κͨʱˣˣ
ȻҲʱԻٵܶˣֱ֣һץסֱۣǳˣԼߡ
ɣһ
˻
ԶһĻɫһ䣬ɫȥ졣
ץֱۣϢԽԽŨһɰ쫷磬˿ȥ

ŭӾڶ죬ȼԻ٣Ƶڴصɵ



һ̮ȻӻûԻըĿռȴҲǳܲסѹˡ
챻ץţȻܹоȿֲըԻûа·ıȴ˿Ҳûб仯۽֯񻪣ܹӴ˿ŵĻֱؿڵһָڵǿжϡ
ʱ䣬һͬɱ㣬ԵϢת˲ʧӰ٣ֱƽ
Զۣ⡭
ڶǿԻ٣Ѿ޿Իըٽ㣬ԣǾ޷ģ죬ȴֻһָǿд˺ӵԻ١
Ӹǵһ¶ݣ𺳵죺㡭ԻϾҪɣǾԲֹܱŶԣȴһָ͸ˣ
츩ӺӣԼ˵˭ίеǣ̫ܣԼźӣǿӿûԷʶڡ
Ѱ·
顣
һ˲䣬ʶԷʶڣֱһöģȻơƣҪϢйķʽһ˴ƵҪйܣƾͻԼը
ʱ򣬺ʶеƷǳ貣⻪ƣȻǱ񳯵£һըԶͨơ
һɣ

漴һ̣Ʒ⣬ʶͬʱըԻ١
һʱ䣬ֲĲϯʮһɻĺһƬƬռ䡣
ȻУɫƽΪѰԷʶǰѾ뵽˶Էʶпܻȶڣ׼ŵĴֻͼֱӻǰңͬˡ
ͬʱں˵ĹУ۽֯ŨĹӺըʶв׽˼ӰֱڤĽڵɺʥŵɽеϢȻģо
Ȼǣ

ʱȫٵˣһֱʮҵӾڵرϣףˡ
Զ˹˫죺СӣҪˣⶼûը㣿
쵱һƣʲôСⶼûը㡱᲻˵
ôţͻȻ䣬͵һ
ȣ
ȳһھѪ˫ҲѪˮ
СҶͯʱһʦ
ҲǶݣܴˣ
һһ
ǡҡͷͫϣƻ֯ã˫ۣĸ̫ˣһγʱʹãЩˡ˵ţ΢΢˫ۣʱͫϵƻȻɢ󽫿пȳѪѪһ
ô˵СҶͯ˿
˫ۣ̾˵޳ɵ˫۵£˫ۣϺüˣ֮ǰɹܿɱĺɫâ񳯵֮ԼϺӵԻ٣ǿ۰ɣ
ԣȷʵ
ͷ
޳ۣȷʵѾ˺üˣһ㣬ҲǿԿĳǲɱ˷ǳ£̫óɱ֮ˣͻʩϮɱ˶ɱ
˵ŻҲûоһΣԶĺɫץأһѽϵĺӵľӡĨ
񹭣âһ߱ɹںñѾ˺֪ܶ꣬Ķܶ࣬ʱȻһ۾ϳ߱ɹ
񹭣ϸĹۿ£񹭵ĹʷǷԺ죬Ҳܲһ㣬ƺĳַǳǿ޵ļƶɣңɨӣ񹭵ĹԿӡкǿĵƣͬһ㡣
ù
޵
źɫ񹭣ʱвɵ¶Щâ񣬽սлȭʯƽԶ빥ɱ߱ɹսһЩ
һΣ֮ͬʱҲ֮ǰƷʯƽ
ʱٿڣôΣȻӵʶ궼ΪƶٵˣоƺѰЩʲô
ͷ˵ûȷʵڤĽںʥǰ˸ίеġ
һЦүģ׼û˵ţЩб˵Сε̯ϴ鷳ˣһίУһὫеףɱĿݡһǴɱûгɹŹ˶ãͻиǿɱֱʱڴϣӭһͨɢޣ񳯵ǿɱ֣ͻʩϮɱʤ
ʲôˮڡ
ƽ
Ʋ죺㵹Ǻƽ
̫߿ˡ
˵
߿ƨб˵ĸ׵㣬зĺܣֻҪί˸Ĵ㹻ۻʶҴɱңɹɱۻǿߣ
⻰ʱݣ΢бɫۻʶҴɱɹɱ
Ϊأүô˵ǱǻĹҪ²١
Ʋ졣
죺ͻȻúܲˬ
ߣȥй
˵
йЩɣʵȥɶ
ƽ׸ô鷳ĴУ˵ȥĥǣ
ԣЦãүϲצӣָطĶλãߣڤĽھȴڤĽ֣ڵʵ߽ڤĽȽɣ練ơڤĽڣȥѪɺīԪʥŵɽ̣ڵ㻹ˣϾǼɽǶǿǸˣԸˡ
ߣЦٲɱ󣬿ٰʮɱ̨һɽ̶ʮǣ
ۣ漴ǰһȻЦ
Сӣݣ
Ц
֪ƿŵɱֲĺܣֻӡһҲܾɱʮ
£ָ·СҶͯһһ𣬾ֱŶλõڤĽȥܿ߳ɶԶ
壬ȥ𣿡
ͻȻһЦ
ǰһŮ֪ʲôط˳ԼʮңݣЦȻŮȴǾڳľ飬첻ɵöݡۣŮУһܺŮȡ


972 
ͻȻֵİŮЩݣ΢΢¡
ƯĹ
ĵ
ȴĳǧ֣ͻȻ˵ֻ˵ŮǾ춯صġ
СҶͯգۣŮĵС㣬Ư
ŮСҶͯЦ¡
ǣ
Ůʱʵ
طʵЩƫƧһ˶˵Ůҳǡ壬ȥ仰úܹŹ֡
ôţͻȻ־е㲻Ծ˶ٺĲԾ
塭Ǵ壡
ԡ
ǰСҶͯҲͰˣϾСһСʮͻȻֵŮôʮңҲ壿ȥᣬŶʮ꣡
ô
ŮЦȻǳ죬ԹԵľŲԱߣ쿴
죺
һߣʼЦС˰ɣˣ
ҧ
һ汦İŮٴʵǣ
Ůҵ֣
ǰɡ

˼รΪĳЩԭܸġҿԸĳƺŮ۾Ưգ£Цĵ
죺
ԱߣҲǵۣɵſڡ
񣬶ֻǴ˵еĴڣǰŮȻԼ
ǣһͻȻǣԼɳһ㣬ʮꡣ
á쿪ڣŮЦֲһ䣺ټ
˵ţûŹŮкҶͯڤĽȥ

Ůȥ
С󻰻ǵе޶ȣһ˿ԪûУѾɨӹˣŮȫһͨˣֻЩѣʿнһЩǣ֪ȴ˵˵ŮܾƬĳмˣûпʼС
ŮƲƲ죬˵ʲôˣӿٶ˼ߣĬĬš
ֹסŲüʲô
㡣
Ů
ңҸ
üͷĸͻȻܳһŮһԪûУȴǳԼڸǳҪԣͲʶŮ
Ů˶٣룬˵Ǹ㡣
죺
˵ʲôˣСҶͯն𣬻뿪档
Ůۼֿ죬һѾͱסֱۡ
Ҳҷɡ
˵
㾿Ҫ
ٶü
㡣
Ůᶨ
һڽɫӿһŮ˿ȥ
ûͣ٣СҶͯϸ߿գһԶȥ
Ůϸ߿Զſţҧҧ촽ԭض
ڸ߿ԶԻͷǼһĻǿŮһЩίı飬һ۸СŮ㡣
΢΢üɵֹסŲоԼʲôһ˶٣תأӸ߿£Ůǰ
㲻ն᣿
˵ƽȴִЩ٩
Ů˻ϵһ˿ίʱʧˣæվ
ҵʱסˣڲõġ˵ţŮǰסֱۣǺһʧƵģҪ㣬Ҳҷ
죺
Ůһ˵šҵʱסˡ͡Ҫ㣬ҷɡȻоͷЩˣʲô¡
ʦͰСǻˡ
СҶͯʱ˵
쿴СҶͯһۣƫͷ
үʹ
Ʋ졣
üŮȥ̣ң֮ǸңΣաȻŮ˵ȴʵڣʱǲǿɱɱŮȷʵܻΣա
̣ҿΣգҲ¡
Ů˵Ǽࡣ
죺
Ҫ㣡
Ůһֱۣǳᶨ
СӣˡʱֿڣطҲ٣Ҫ˵ܿͱˣͷӶʣ¡
Ǿǣ
Ůæͷ
̾˵ʲôˣҲգͽڤĽڵλȥ
ĴɫȥСҶͯҲСŸϡ

ŮȻ֪ͬˣæȥ
첽ƽû˵ʲô
ˣתۼ䣬һʱȥ
һ죬һһɽȺ⣬ȥһ۵
ˣǾڤĽڡ

ȥɽȺڤĽںܺΰ࣬ԷǷʯĶɣһ̣ͬʱҲ֯źŨϢȻ˺ܾá
΢΢ۣ΢ּһźɫȻ֮ǰǴɱĺеΪ߱ɹΪһڶ⼶Ʒ
ǰһûʲôĶֳֹңʱ䣬ڵĽɫӿϣͬʱܵҲһϯתۼе۳һ֧ɫʸһ˵Ϣɿ콻֯
ùн֯âɵõһ漴бСȸڤĽһݿ񣿡
Ȼ

ԶԶסڤĽһΪɵԼԿšڤĽĸ֣ǲҲ֪⵱ڤĽڵ
ƶʸңңĶ׼ڤĽ־ֱɿҡ
ݣ
ʱ䣬һƿվ죬ɫʸͬһͷ˲ϢԶȥֻգۼڤĽ֮ڣֱмڤĽʹѾ˲֪ĺΰ󵱳ըķѣƬ½̳
һʱ䣬ڤĽڽǱˡ
ǣ
ڤĽ󣬻ˣ
ô£ʲô
ڤĽһڵӱɫڤĽһ־ŭ
ͬһʱ䣬һĳϣԼ̫ϳϵһڴȫ˳
˭ɵģ
ڤŭ𳤿ա
ڤĽڤĽڵԹǳش󣬿ȴôٵˣܹ᲻ŭ
ңʱȻһ漶̫ϳҲһŭ
Ҹɵġ
ҲʱһƮƮ
СҶͯŮնڤĽĵĸ߿Ͻ䡣
ʱڤĽ˽Աɫ
ǡǸˣ
⡭
ţ롭ʲô
ڤĽڵһڵ΢΢ڤĽڵ֮ɴʱ죬ȴɳηͼɵҪ֪Ƕһ˽ڤĽڸǿЩɽ̶߽ˣʵǿĿ£ܲ£ҪǣڤĽ׷ɱ죬ʱ򣬱һ׷ɱεͻȻֱڤĽڣܻǺ£


973 նڤ
ӭڤĽڵ˶η壬Ȼһͼ̫ϳ϶ɵöݣжżɵ
㡭ô
ڤĽһ̫ϳϵ
춢ſڵˣǼǲǿ׷ɱң߸ίɱңãô
⻰ڤͼ̫ϳϽԱɫڤǲɵýгô֪£˵ţƺʶʧˣɫʱúѿ
񳯣
ʲô
һ
˵ίУʲô˼
⣬֪
ڤĽڵһͨӲ⡣
Ȼһ˲֪񳯵Ĵڡ
ʱ䵭һЦڤͼ̫ϳϣͬʱҲڤĽڴڤĽڳȴڤԼ̫ϳ⣬ˣԼߣҲɱǡ֮ڤĽڽٴڡ
ȴ˲䴫ڤĽڣʹһ˽һ
ҪҪţ
⡭
ңǡ
ڤĽڵĵӽԻˡ
ڤĽڵļ̫ϳϸ־ŭ㡭ҪڤĽڣ
أΪר죿
ƽ
ڤĽڵļ̫ϳϾֱקȭͷɫࣺ㡭ʵϣǶܲΪֻǾڴ죬ƽռһΪ˳嵽ڤĽڣ˵ֱһĹȥˣȴУΪ̫ˣԴصΪ߽ɽ̣ɱźʥŵߴɸһǿߣս֮ǿѾֻԿֲݡ
߽ɽ̣һܻٵڤĽڣѾеˣɽ̵еӺͨ϶Ϊ־Լӳţű߽ɹΪڤĽڵҲͬɽǰ̰㴦ڤĽڣڤĽºǺҲ֮ܽ
ڤ
ƫͷŲһΣһ̱ǳڤǰ
ڤʱݣٶ㡭
ž
̧֣һƽڤĵڵأ漴һŲȥ
ʱͷڤֱĲҽС

طڤĽڵһڵһ
ڤĽĸ漶̫ϳϣ˿ǾŭСǵڣһ֮˲ڽ£ڤĽڵϣԣǾܶЩɵʱȴǿ˹ȥһչͨ
̧ͷǣ˵һֻͼֱӭϡ
͵תۼѣڤĽĸ̫ϳϼͨȫֻͼ飬ңһǱĿѪɡ
һĻסڤĽˣŵĸ漶ǿߣһ̫ϳϸǾڶأôĸǿʩչͨϣȴȻһͱУĸ̫ϳȫˡ
⡭
һڤĽڵȫˡ
˵һ߽ɽ̣˵ɱźʥŵߴɸһǿߣɴ˿һһĸ漶̫ϳϣȴ̲ס㤡ϾźĿãߵĸо治ͬ
ǣͼ
˶ͷֻͼ̲סɪɪһȱ챦㡣
ڤĽĸ漶ԶסΣͼҲһһɾ޴ѹ
ԶЩĵطŮҲڿͷֻͼƯ۾¶һ˿˿ʣһֳ羴
ɱ󣡼
ڤĽһ̫ϳϵͺ
Ĵ̧֣Կʼӡ
ˣ
ͷֻͼһĨ⣬ɨĸ̫ϳϡ
㡭
飡
飡
飡
飡
ɲǼѣڤĽĸ̫ϳȫĺɣһǴڿѪ
ǣ
Į
£ϵĽ֮콣ڳתۼ佫ڤĽ֣ǿֲ콣ֱһƬƬգš
ǣ
һʱ䣬ڤĽһڵٴκݲһ̣Щ˶Ų콣һвһǱס˺һ㡣
ڤ̫ϳϼµˣʮڣȫߡɱ
촫ƽ
⻰£ϣ콣ͬʾһ㣬˲һƬƬաǵȳͺҪﶼն
̼䣬ɱڤĽڣѹֵϢɢÿһ䡣
ڤĽһͨӲգͬɽǰ㣬ֱӳڤĽӶݣٶȿ켫˵һȻеڶ͵תۼѣһһڤĽڵ룬һЩͨҲ⡣
Щ˶ۿһԼһĸ̫ϳϵ£Լһĸ̫ϳ޷޷һп־塣˿̣ޱߵĻסڤĽڣǻ뿪һﻹͣϾֻһΣЩ˶
Щﶼͬһ뷨ɱڤĽڵ̫ǿˣǾֿҲû˿ãֻһ㱻Ȼˣα£
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһһڤĽڵȿֺ롣
һĻʹһĸ漶̫ϳϸӾŭһ˺ǾȻӣͣ£
һʹһЩӵڤĽڵӽһǲһͣȻԼһ̫ϳϺη塣
ߣ
Ц
˵һͷֻͼһٴεһĨ⣬ֱӽڵǸڤĽ̫ϳĺɣʺѪˮա
˵ףǶŵĹв㣬ڲŻ뿪̰дΪŵ쵼ߣµɵĹУд
˵
㡭
ڤĽڵļ̫ϳɫ࣬һʱ䣬ȴҲ
ߣɨڤĽڵһͨӣߣ
ɱܶˣȴɱ֮ˣڤĽڵЩҪɱֱӷɱȥЩ˲ûУԣȻҲЩʩ֡ڤһļ̫ϳϣǿ׷ɱʥŵ߸ɺίɱ⼸Ȼзݣܻ⼸顣
ڤĽڵһڵӲЩηĿԼһļ̫ϳϣֿ۱ڽѵڤһٴεͷ塣
漴ֻʮѣڤĽڵһͨӺͨȫ˳ȥڤĽڣֻʣĸ̫ϳϺһڽµڤ
ʱ˸ɫѿоŭп֡
ͷӲڽµڤЩ̣νڤĽº𣿡
ڤɫѿ費ʣ㡭
ﬣ
̶Х𣬲ϣһɫ콣â£۵һᴩڤͷ­ʶһ飬ֱĨɱ


974 ڤ߽⣬Ѫ
ѪˮڵϣȾһƬ棬Ŀġ
һʱ䣬ڤĽڵĸ̫ϳϽһڤô׾ͱɱˣ
㡭
˶죬ɫѿ
̧ͷˡ
ˡ
˵
£ϵܼɱ񣬷̶Х
ڤĽĸ̫ϳһۼһٽӡ׼
ѾˣǵĻѾߡ
ʱڡ
ڤĽѾһЩʱ䣬߽׿ʦʵƿ߹žһѾڤĽڵĻʱС
ڤĽĸ̫ϳֻоһ飬ӡӦ֣޷ŵĻڴȡϵˡ
һҪ
һ˵ͺ
һ߽ӡһ߾Ķ죬ֹ֮ͬǰǰ㱻ϣķڽһںɫڤĽ˳
һƷֵһ˲ɢǿĽʮռ䡣
ڤĽڣûôף
졣
Ʒڸ߿գĸ漶ǿߵĺ߶֮£ˣǴ˿һЩ
Ϊǡ
鵭Į
һʯڳǿĽһʱѹ˺ɫĽơ
Ʒ
ڤĽĸ̫ϳٴαɫ
һͷʯ׼ɫֱն¡
ɲǼ䣬һڤĽڵĺɫֱӱ顣
ʱĸ̫ϳϾֱ¶֮ɫƷȴ룬쾹ƷһͱǵĵʱɽΪλᱻ߽죬ǿƷ
ﬣ
̧֣ʱ佣𣬲ϵ콣𶯡
ȽΪ£ʹĸ̫ϳϽǼ
㣬ҪڤĽڣ
ҧ
ҵġ
쵭Į
ˮػ󣬱˴һԻ̻ȥһԭЩǲǿɱίɱΪôһ鷳УˣôܷŹЩˣŹˣǾǶԼ̡
жԹԹô򵥡
̧֣ѹ¡
ﬣ
ϣ콣׹䣬ͬǻԵĽһ
ڤĽڵĸ̫ϳϾŭ𣬸Գǿͨʹ򿹺⡣
Ȼ콣ǽϹȹնĽâôõֵڤĽĸ̫ϳϳǿͨʹת۱㱻顣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦콣âȻΪǿ󣬴漶𣬵ȴ˴ѣһǱᴩ塣
ˣ
һ̫ϳҧͺ
ʱǿ󣬹ǵʵѿԵֵˣʱˡͬһʱ䣬̫ϳҲǵͷɫ࣬ԶߡϾɽڲûա
ǲŸһƬռͲ
߲ˡ

ͷֻͼӿתۼ佻֯ɴֻͼֱӽѹˣһƺƵĳѹȥͬһƬǺ¡
ڤĽĸ̫ϳ϶ʱֱӸֳŨŨĿ־֮ɫһ̣ĴֻͼͻȻоԼɳʯһС
ѿס֣һжǿֹɱ񣡡
һĵһ̫ϳϾ˵
ͬʱ̫ϳҲڣ˵һ̫ϳƵĻ
һУֻΪʱĴֻͼ̫ǿˣʮӶûˣһо
ֹ񣿡ԶЦһ񣬾ûֹ˵ίֹҲУү᲻֪£
ԣڤĽڵĸ̫ϳ϶һ㣿Ȼ뵽ŴһͷȻɱ֯ô˽⡣
ˣʧ
Į
ˣһֻͼֱѹȥ
ʱ䣬һ̮ڽڷ顣
ǿֶΣǿ˿֣һ㷴Ļᡣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ĵѪըĸ̫ϳûһ£ȫ飬Ҳһš
һʱ䣬طֱ
ǵĵ̻ۡ

ͷȻ
ǽһڤĽڵĹžҩ龧ȫɣУž٣аڣʤҲƣһСأΨ龧Щ⣬Ȼֻʮ
֣ڤĽڲôʮ龧
ЩŹ֡
룬Ӧί񳯴ɱϺķ˲١
⻰첻ɵõͷӦþˡ
ڤĽڵе漴ڤĽڵλãŵӶ㣬ܿŨϢ֯˳ǳŨ
ȥԼԿʮһ𣬳΢Щ׳
ʮ㲻

춯֣ƽ֯ǿʮѹʮСƽ֮ӡ뵽ʯС
߰ɡ
һУ˵
ŰŮСҶͯڤĽڸ߿գ漴콣âٴڷɳͬˮ׹䣬ڤĽڵ֮ٵһɶ
֮뿪ܿ߳ڤĽڵ֮Զ롣
ȥѪɡ
Ц
ͷƽָ·£ûкķѶʱ䣬Ѫɵ֮
ȥѪڤĽ൱ɽȺУʡ
ûʲôΣֱڿտǰѪϿ¡
ǣ
ǡǸˣ

ʱѪɵһڵִµȶˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һĽ̫ϳɫһ䡣
ôˣ
һĽɫ
ǲǿɱңί񳯴ɱңһˣ
鵭Į
⻰һѪɵĽͼ̫ϳ϶ɫ
ô֪
һĽ𾪣̫ϳҲݡ
ЦһչԻֱӳһĽͼ̫ϳѹȥͬһʱ䣬ͬڤĽʱǰ㴫ѪɣѪɣ̫ϳ£Ѫɡɱ
ƽת۱ǴѪɣʹѪһڵӽԲ
ѪɵĽͼ̫ϳǾŭӭһûκԥֱӶ֣һͿ󣬼߶ͬʱҲԼһĸִ츲Ƕȥûһ˸졣
ֻǣ죬ǵĵֵ͹ȴԵЩ԰ף
գѪɽ
ƽ
䣬֮ƷʯƽֱֱնѪɵĵѪɵĻ̴ֻͼ˳˵ͼƺƵϣһʱ佫Ѫһļ̫ϳһ֡


975 
ֻͼΪǿȻӹɣѪɵĽ̫ϳϱУûпתۼȫѹѪ
һ⣬
̫ϳǡ
⣿
ô᣿
Ѫڣһͨӿ־壬
ǵĽ漶̫ϳϣȻһͱȫĨɱˡ
ǶԣһجΡ
ƫͷѪһڵӡ
ʱӭһͨӺִµȸӿ־壬Ͳ
ңңߣߣ
˿־ֱӳѪȥ
һڵӣִԼͨȫæǴſ־֮ɫѪȥһ̣һ·Ǻ޲ö೤Ƶġ
Щ뿪ûж˵ʲôѪȥúѪɵĹž龧ȵȫѪɵ龧ڤĽ޼ֻʣ˼ʮ֮廹١
ڤĽڣѪɣīԪʥŵɽ̣Զ˲ٵ龧Ҳ龧ίɱ㡣

ԣԵЩ죺ίɱ˵ı꣬ôĸߣ
龧˵ʲôΪﵽ˴죬ΪѰ龧ѡͨкͨʿԣǾЩˣԿһڳɲء
Ȼ֮ǰͺ˵ˣίɱ˵Ĵ۷ǳߣѰ˺ѰǾԳеġ֮ԴɱĴ۸ߴ龧㼺ʵйأȻͨ˴ռĲϢ˵ʵһɳɱˣǾӢڽίк޳ͻȻʣǶĴɱԻǳɹ
ͷΪʵϣˡ
ѪɵλãƱرѪɵصµȫץܹҲʮѹʮС漴
ŮվԱߣʼգһֱǶ쿴˫Ŀʡ
Ȼܹоĵƫͷȥһֱҿϳˣ
ŮҡͷЦĵȻÿ
죺
Ů⡰Ȼÿĸ֣оؿڱһȭƵģԡ
û˵ʲôɫ⵴ŮСҶͯڿն콣Ѫɵ֮ȫն飬뿪תۼгȥ˺Զ
֮ûκεĶָ·£ܿīԪֱӿС
󣬲ûйȥã̶صīԪһִµȺ־ӡ

ŭīԪ
ԼȥʱնɱīԪһ˺һļ̫ϳϣīԪе𣬽ʮȫץ漴콣âīԪ֮ٵһƬ棬Զ
ܿ죬뿪īԪԶ
Сӣʥŵɽ̾ͲöԸˣʱȲҪȥ
˵
ʥŵɽ̿ɱڤĽڵɴеҪԶһЩڵĸֶֺܶ࣬Ҳ࣬Ȼ޳ۣҲǺ
֮ǰ˵£Ȼǵá쿪ڣҲ˵߽ڤĽڣѪɺīԪҾ̱չأɱ󡣡Ȼĺҽɱƿصǿʮɱ̨Żٲǡ
ʥŵɽ̺ڤĽڵί񳯴ɱûǶʱǡ޳ۣˣСҶͯҲһɱңȻɹܿ񳯵ĵһδɱ֮ȴǻǲĸǿɱ֣˵ʱڱɱΣС
⼸̴Ĵ鷳ôһУô̡ܻ
Ц͸ˡ
ǳһȥʱѰһǳƫԶĴɽ˼
ҿʼ󣬴ŻķʮңУǲҪ̫
˵ߵɽеһʯϡ
ڲɱĹУзǳֲɱɢһ˿̫ãпܻᱻɱ˵
ġ
Ȼס
ͷһ󣬱˫ۣʼĬĬʶڲɱ
ɱΪ𿪴֮ɣֻƿһǶѣͰնɱΪԶԶǿУǿ֮һ
ʱҪ߽ʥŵɽ̣߽ͬڤĽڵǰףҪɱңɱƿظǿպ£Ҳǻд
˵һõ顣
ˣ
ɱһתеӨ⡣
СҶͯͰŮʱ뿪Զվʮ֮⡣
Ů죬ƯĴ۾һգգĺ档
СǶСӿʲô
ʱʵ
ŮԴһʼֺĿʼնϣûôƿ
԰С㣬ôܶʦ
СҶͯҲڵ
ŮĿջأƯĴ۾СҶͯһҲûоΣҲû˵ʲôɰϹЦ

㵽ʲôˣΪʲôͻȻ˳ΪʲôһҪСӣ
ֿڣüʵ
ӼŮڣУȺ߽ڤĽڣѪɺīԪնɱʮǿߣץɵʮͨǿҲ𾪣ŮȴʼԵúƽһҲûоȵı飬Ȳô˼ֶԽԽùŹ֣оŮЩ
Ůƫͷ˶٣˵һҪ

ŮĻԣˣһ߲ɱ졣
ʯ̨ϣ΢˫ۣĻԽԽŨͬʱо˵ɱɢ̽ĿռѿҲķ顣
ңʱƣɱԽԽǿңٳӶȥ
ˣһۣʱȥ
һ죬ɱøǿǻһɱԴ㣬ֶľҶͯŮ뿪ԶһЩͬʱԼҲԶˡ
Ҳһ죬ڣΪڤĽڣѪԼīԪɱ±һЩʿżȻ֣תۼǴʹƬʿ֪ˡң֮ͨӳȥһڵӵ֪߽ɵ˶죬һٴļ¡
Ǹˣ
ɽֽ̺ڤĽڣѪɺīԪ߽ˣ⡭
׷ɱ߽Ҳ֮Уֻǣʵֱֱǡ
ʿļ¡
ɽ̲ű߽ûãڤĽڣѪɺīԪҲˣͬһ٣ʵڹھˣҪ֪⼸ɿɶǴ˺ܾð
˵ʥŵɽҲ׷ɱˣҲٰɣ
ڣʥŵɽ̿ԶڤĽڣѪɺīԪǿǿҪ߽ɽ̣ô׵£Ȼܿ£ȴĵ¡
ǿɲã֪ǺǲƿмΪµֶΣϾŴڴɱڶصǿߣⱾͺܲ˵ʥŵɽ̶޿κεĵơ
⡭
ȷʵܣˣĽʥŵɽҲ߽⣬ǿǡ÷죡
ƬʿǲɵøоЩ


976 ɱ
ɱͬһ߽⣬֮һɶʹõ𶯣һЩ뵽ǰʱ䱻ٵɽ̣Ǹľ̲סĲ
ǡ
£
˵ֻǲŶʮ꣬ʮʵ⡭ϲҲǾԵ˰
ʿ𺳡

ʱȻЩƫԶĴɽУɽڵһʯϣĬĬĲɱɱʱƱԽԽǿ
΢΢˫ۣʶȴһƵڽ֯Ī⡣
ЩƽݺᣬһȻһ޴ɱͼΪɱһֻ̣ڲɱͼһ֣ûȥȫΪȥΪǺõģʵɱͼ̫ˡ
ˣ
ĬĬϢøɱҲøӵӿȡ



طռһŤ飬رʼƿһѺۡ
ԶЩĵطɽķǿ־壬ɪɪԶӶȥ
ʶвɱʱһľ磬Ժֻһ˸֯ûвЩۿʶеɱͼһ֣ģԼ͸һɱͼУʹɱʱǱǣøɲܵȫ١
ģɱǿ£ֻǲѣȻȳ̶ȵƣ
Զ
ȻСҶͯҲӣȻǱɱŵˡ
ΨаŮԵúƽƯʼչЦһգգĶ졣
ˣһۣʱȥ
һ죬ϵɱǿһ壬ʹ÷ԲʮڵĿռܵӰ죬մŤʯһһըľ顣ͬʱ⣬޼һ֣ž춯صɱҪﶼٵ
ϥԭأʱ˫ۣ˫н֯һƵɱâ̼ǰĴƬռ䣬ʹܵ¶ȶ˲ϢʮȣЩ
³һ֯˫еɱâȥɱҲ̰ͬ˲Ϣɢ
ԶһĻ֪Ȼǲϣǿ˹
ô
ʵ
쵭Цվ֮ǰƿصɱˮ׼Ӧǿңǿǿ
ǿѾǺܲˣΪӡµɱ̨һնɱǿӦûʲô⡣

ͷԿԡ
Լƿɱ
˵ţһΣʯȡһӨ͸ʯ̨ÿһһʯ̨Ϊˮʯ̨ƣɱ̨塣
ڵڶʱõһ޴ˮʯи˴ԼʮݣõһЩԼѰһЩʯûʮˮʯ̨
ʱʮˮ̨ȫȡ˳̧𣬵⽻֯
ʩչַָĻһƵƴָԾ֮Ǿ춯صɱÿһƴָԾʱܱߵնΪ֮ݺһֱʱӡõһɱ̨


ʱ̺õһɱ̨о˼Ϊ˵ɱ
СҶͯվһߣգ۾Ŀӡɱ
Ůӣ˫ֳ°ͣ쿴档
쵭Ц̺õɱ̨ٴζ֣л˸
ˣһۣʮչȥ
һ죬쳤³һӡʮɱ̨ÿһɱ̨ǽ֯ɱơ
һ֣ʮɱ̨ȫ뵽ʯ֮УһĨЦ
ߣɽȥ
Ц
ӡõʮɱ̨ǿֱɱɽ̵֮ˣ˿⡣
ŮԱߣȭͷͣߣɱȥ
£һ߳ƫԶĴɽָ·£ɽ֮һʥȥ
ǵΪմżʱܵʥţеĻҪ졣
˵
һ򵽵ھȥȻǷǳϤ
ͽȥɣǲ
˵
ɱ˲ʱ䣬ӡɱ̨Ҳ˲ʱ䣬ƽͽգ¾
⡣
ԴȻûʲô
£죬СҶͯŮͽУĴţһʥŵλȥٶȷŵıȽ
תۣһܿʱ䡣
ٷɽǵˡ
˵
ǰ˵ͷɺƽ
ﬣ
ͻȻɱâԻɭ̹ǡ
վֱ鿪ˣߵĽͻأ֣ǿԽʱճӶÿһǾֲǶ׼죬֣ܵпռ䡣
ɱ磬ߵգۼ
ɫ̫Ϥˣһʱ뵽ĸ֡񳯣
ңΪҪǣߵ̫ǿˣ̫ˣͬĺ
ʱֻܶڵһʱֻͼͬʱԵСҶͯͰŮȫ𿪡
ۣۣۣۣۣۣۣ
Ѫըߵâ˺ֻͼȫûڣֱӻ
壡
ʦ
Сӣ
һȫг
ǰѪˮ֯ƮڿУˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ٴߵ̹ǣɱˡ
εߵǿǼдŴְ˻գնйǡ
һϻٶȿ켫Ѵǿؾٶȣһ£Ǿɱ
䣡
ҲʱϢӿйϣѪɫԾ̫ת˵һʹըָ̻ߵǰؾ۶
֮Ѹٵľ͵һڼ䲻ݷǱıܿһֵߵɱ
񳯣
ŭ
ಣಣಣಣಣಣಣ
ƿյߵӰ֣߸ͬķ硣
߸ӣԴ죬ͬߵ㣬һȾѪ񽣣תۼǱƵǰΧмλãǿ֯һܵпռ䣬ն񽣡
һûκܵĻᣡ
߸ǿһɱңǺܺãǳãн֯ŭʱ޿ɱܣҲܣеŭ޾ɱâ׹ǣ
˵һϣʮˮ̨Ʈ⣬һƽ֯ϡ
䣡
ʱ䣬طҡضֲɱƵ·涼̮
ʮˮ̨Ϊ֮ǰ̺õɱ̨ʱȫѿɱӿһʱʹⷽձһɻǣǧˮͰϸɱշ·ֽİֱӱ˴Ƭ


977 Ѫ
Ʊ任ʧɫƬռҲֳ֪˶ٷ磬񳯵߸ɱȫȫУεɱض·ҡ
飡
飡
飡
߸ɱֿ츽һʱ䱻ȿɱɣǿȳѪ
ɫ⣬ɱһƣ֩һ㽻ܼ֯һƬ
¡
ҡɱһ񷶼񱩵쫷һϯܡ
Ƭռȫɱ֯һɷ·Եĺʮˡ
߸ӽͫ͵Ľһ̽Զݣû˿ԥӰϢͬʱ䣬ʩչ֮ٳˡ

캮
¡һɱ𶯣ٵɱƬռ䣬񳯵߸ɱΣǱĺɣѪ⽦
н֯ŭ𣬶һˣһܵɱ
䣡
ɱӿܼɱͬǺһѹϣһɱָ¡
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ɱֱӱķ飬ѪͷӶû¡
ವһһжݳ֯Ѫâ
ֻϧ첻ܸᡣ

³ôһ֣ܼɱֱѹһ߳߳ɱֱ˵˸顣
飬
ãģŪǣ
ԶͬʱСҶͯͰŮš
䣡
ǰɱ죬ʮɱ̨һǵƵ治ǿЦɱ⽻֯ԣԲʮڵĿռȫסˡ
һʱ䣬ͣ죬պ͵ǲͣѣ顣
Ŀܴ֪񳯵һЩ£֪񳯻ǲǿɱɱǣͻȻϮնһɷŭһΣһǲ߸ɱɱʲô
ͻʩϮɱ£̫壬֮ǰɱ󣬿ʮɱ̨޳ҲǱɣϾڵΪص̫ˡң߸ɱֱҲǼΪóɱ֮ʹɱһ;϶ԣ⼸˿ɱͨǿ̫ˡ
䣬һɱƱøӷڣɱѾ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ԭزǣܵɱȴ¶ͬһǿɱսռ䣬أͬʱɱ֡
ӽǴ죬ʵǿɱ֮ʱȴٹɱȥһͬҲûκֱˣԶ롣
ȻʮɱƸ֣ѾǷգǸͳ岻ȥ
ɱңߣһ

˵ף񳯱޳ԹɶԷȴܱ˵ίɱһδɱĵǳеɱһΪˡ
䣡
һʱ䣬ʮɱƸӷڣɱͬΰѹˡ
˻ӶȾѪ񽣣նһâӭɱ⣬ȴ̼䱻顣ͬʱɱϣ˵İ
Ƶޱɱ⣬ǰȥ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ͻȻĵէ֣
Уõ˸ն̹ǵɱÿһǺˣȴǳȥǽɱӵɱֱ֣顣
һĻʹʱһԶСҶͯͰŮҲݡ
еˣȻͻȻͬɱ֣
ˣ
ѪӿĸͬնɱɱֿйģǣնͬѪʩΪݻͷʮɵѪԹɱ졣
Ѫ䣿
Զɫһ䣬Ȼ֪񳯵ĸɱּʲô
䣡
ǰͷѪӿ֯ſ񱩵ѪɷϢһѪӿֶ
һʱ䣬ܵɱƶܵӰ죬ѪɷϢǿ˲١
ĸɱִ߶ѪѪ⸡֣ƺѪ֯쿪ʮɱ̨¿Գ裬һƶͷѪĳٴɱϡ
һʱоһ˿вͷѪŵѪɷϢ̫Ũˡ
ηͼɵĶǰӿһƸ֣תۻ۳һƻ
ۣ
һ˲ѣ綼仯ˣޱӭͷѪڵ޷˻ԹǱɱ֡ʱ˻ܵѪɷϢԽԽŨһ͸ķ˿߽ɣиУƹ
Ȼɱֱɱӣ˹ˣ֣˵˵Ѫ꽻֯ͷѪ
һУֻΪɱ
ͬѪʩȻɱ֣ΪĿģԼҲô
ĵ
棬ĸɱĿĻû˿ٴжĪģʱʹͷѪøӿ£Ѫֱǵ˶ʮɣɢɷŨһɹɿϯȥʱھѹɱ⡣
Сӣ񳯵Ѫ䣬һһɱʿѪ׼ȡֲʱڻԽԽǿԱ߽⡣ٶɱ̨ʱǣסͷѪˣ
ٵȻѪܿºѲʮɱ̨ʱ㿪ڡ
ǰӭĴɱɱͷѪȴԵúƽá
ĻٶǰͷѪʵѾ֪νѪΪԱ߽⣬ΪɱкģӦþ׼õ꣬Ѫ˵ǳСһָӴסͷѪҲѶеĺЧɱˡһĺ겻飬ѪɱȻͲ߽⣬ʱڻԽԽ¡
Ȼ˿ܿ
۽֯ƹ⣬һΣɫ߱ɹֱСǰɫ䵭ңӿܵɱӿе߱ɹۣת۳һ֧ĳ߳ɱɱ⾪춯ء
ݣ
һɣĳɱʱңᴩգֱû뵽һͷѪڣеԿĺֱӹᴩ顣
ʱͷѪѪ鲼Ѻۣ漴ķѣ͵ɢ
ǣ
Զֱݡ
񳯵һɱԱ߽⣬Ȼһ͸ˡ
ǿ
ŮЦһ߹ơ
ʮɱڣ񳯵ĸɱʱݣ¶ɫǼĿԼһĽɱ漶ͬѪ׼ʩ漶ΪĺģԱ߽ģΪһ˸Ѫڵġ
ǸղţһȴֱӱѪڵģȻǿеĵģǳԾ˵ڽɱģֻΪʩߵǲܿΪԶǵ˲ܿΪԵǺܶ࣬˵ӦܿŶԣǣȴƫƫˣ
ͫ׽ֱֱ죬ͻȻǶݣ˫ۡӭ˫ۣ˶ǲɵ΢ֻо˫۷·͸ǵа㡣
䣡
̶ɱ񱩣ʮռ䡣
ʱٴԼɱΪٴ۳һ֧ĳɱɱ֮ǿֱĶ׼һͷѪ


978 Ҳʵ
ĳ߳ļʸʮɱ̨ɱܵһƬƬռ䣬ɱĲ
ݣ
춢ǰɿңʱĳ߳ļʸͬһᴩǰ
һ׼һͷѪ۵һᴩѪڣѪڵľֱ飬ͷѪҲ˶̮
һʱ䣬ѪɷϢɢת۲١
СӡԾ񳯵Ѫ䣬ô򵥾ͱ߽ˡ˶٣ʶ˫ۣ˫еƻɵ̾Ϣǿͫ޵ɣ治ۺ۲ˡ
ʦ
СҶͯ
Ů죬Ư۾һգһգġ
䣡
ǰɱɱƽ֯Ļɱӿ˳ÿһɱⶼһɱҪƬ׵Ļһ㡣
УĿŶĸǿɱ֡
ˡ
䡣
վԭأ΢ܼɱһɱնǰ
񳯵ĸɱžɫ׾ٻǺϻʩѪ䣬Ϊ˿̵˫ͫЩļ¡ⲻǺ£ȻһֱܸӦʾǣ˫۾ӵзǳµ
һ̣ûκԥŻɱ죬ǸԵͺ𣬽һԸԵһξѪΪγһ޴УҪɱĿռڶ߳ȥΪɱ֮ڣʱ
СӣѪȼվѪΪ۵Ķǳ͸Ŀռߣȫǣ
ٵ
ĹãණȻҲ֪취ţȻԼʹãʹʱȴǿϵĳ
ǰ˺һγɵľ޴н֯ѪɫԼ䣬˽Ҫ롣
ǣһҲ߲ˣ
ĵ
ǰֱС
וּһһĿɱ£ֱû뵽޴ڡ
ʱ䣬ⷽһɱ⣬ֱж˵ӣĥ˼ľѪǿнѪϡ
飡
飡
飡
飡
ĵӰɣĴɱȫ𿪣ԿӿѪ
סΣеľɫŨٴʩչߡ
䣡
Ҳʱɱӿķ
ֳ߱ɹʱٴңǣʮɱƵ۳ɱʸ߳׼һɱ֡
ɱ
ĵ
ݵһ߳ʸͬɱٶȿ쵽£ѱ档
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬׼ɱ֣ը
ವһɱֺǿݳһǼԶݺύɱơ
춢ˣ۲׽˵ÿһ켣ŲһΣһ̱ǳڶԷǰ
㡭
䣡
ʮɱӿתۼ۳ɼ׼˵ꡣ
ݵһɿңɱֱ˵飬˲佫Ĩɱ

ƫͷɱ֣Į
һطɱһ𶯣ȡʮɱ⡣
漴һ̣һɱ붯϶ͬʱնˡ
ķʮʱ²ĸǿɱ󣬱ǿΪӡ˿ʮۼӣɱ˾㤡



ܵոܲɱһı飬ͬҲһѺ۳֣ڳݡ
ɱͫ׽ͺ𣬼֮ܣٶȷǳ죬磬Ȼ岻ʮɱƽŵƬռ䣬ȴǱܿһɱ⡣
ֻǣȺþ
ǰʣ׽˵ƶ켣ƿɱ⣬һ̱Ǵ˵֮뽫˵ᴩ
ңͬһʱ䣬ٴɱ۳һ֧ǿ߼ʸ
ֳֹڴʱɿҡ
ʱ䣬ݵһʸ磬ƿնת۽һɱֹᴩ
֮һǿ˹ȥֻͼֱӴ𣬽ǣƺƵѹֱӽĥ
תƫͷסɱ֡
ֻͼͷٶȡʮɱ۳ɻʸ
ݣ
һƿ֮۶ɵĻʸͬ紩һ˹ᴩ
˵ͺ귢⣬ٶݳʮԶʼؾ
ߣ
ЦѾ۲׽˵ƶĹ켣ֻͼͬ˲ƶڶԷϣѹ¡

ۣ
ֻͼ֮£һо٣˵굱飬ʧƬؼ䡣
תۣﻹʣһɱ֡
ɱһ̾У֪ԼӲˣϼȾѪ񽣣Կ񱩵߶ʹһѺۡͬһʱ䣬ҲͣתۼһɼΪµĻ֯ɱƶڱ顣
ģͼһԻ٣һ˵ǹȻһǷӣ
ͬʱϽˡ
һǿԱһԱǿɲǿЦġ
о˿µʱǿԻ٣񳯵һǰɱǸڶǿԻҪºܶ࣬ңΪԷҲԻγĳֹʹöԷԻٿľˣգۼٽԻٱԵ£Ҫֹ϶ԷԻ٣Ѿǲ
η塣
ʱ˶ԷԻ٣۵ﲼµʮɱƵԷԻٵѹһСΧڣǿ԰쵽ġ
ˣ
۶ǰüԷ͵ڵ漴˫ӡǣӡͬʱʮɱƻ۶ϣѹԻٵɱ֡
Ҳʱ¡һɱͬһը֮Ǿκˡ
ӭȻȴƽ˿޾塣
⣡

ʮӿϣӡǣ£رĽǶӭϣԷԻѹڷԲʮɵĿռڣըһֱʮɵľ޴ӡ
һʱ䣬ɳ졣
ֱʮȥеЩɳǶɢȥռָ
ɹǾ޴ӣֵ˾䡰ӡ漴죺Сӣ԰һǿߵԻ٣Ȼͫѹ˷ԲʮɵķΧڡ˫ۣдԵĳԾ֮ɫ
壬û̫
ŮԱߣҶͯҲС˹
΢΢һЦ۱պϣָ
ǰľ޴ӣɨܲƵأʱֿڣСӣǰɱΣΣɶð
⻰΢΢£漴˵ͷȷʵ
˵ǰ񳯵ĴɱûһΣǡ޳ۣܿ๥ɱ֮ԻһΣ߸ǿɱҲԵסȻ²ĸǿɱȴǸպóһսзҪãǰȫ
ϸϸһ㣬á
ôһ룬ɫǲɵЩ񳯣ĺܿ£
صı飬Ȼ֪ʲô̫࣬Ҫ֪ԹҲʵһ֡ô˵ţһ٣к¶һĨ֮ɫ˵Сϴһʯ翵۶ɣǿκγߵˣôãòΪǿʯԵʰɣ


979 
ĻжݣǿʯʱԴԾҲȱǿҪǣĹУĴݻȷʵһйصĻ档ʱǲʯˣǾЩԡ
ɡ˶٣ֵ˵ҵǲ
˷ۣҲǲòϣһֱͦá
ˣŵĶ˵˵񳯵¡ƲƲ죬ڣӦᵽɱ񳯵Ŀ˰ɣ
һĬĬͷ
񳯣δɱɱֵʵˮ׼Կһǿ߷ǳࡣңҪǣһˣ飡ǶͬݣԼҲһĺݣΪɴɱ񣬿ԺԥͬԻ
һȺˣܿ£
ǣ

ôһɱ񳯶סһϣʱܶ¶ڣܲΪҪǣ֯Ϊɴɱ񣬵˵ǲֶΣһ죬һ˻ὫҰתƵϡ
Щί񳯴ɱʥŵȴ̣͸ŭˡ
ȥʥţ
˵
ڤĽڵѾ߽⣬ʥŵɽ̣һҪٵ
ɫڵ֮ŰŮСҶͯȥ
ʱͽȥˣҪֱնУɱʥȥ
ЦĴȥ
תۣһϸ߿հɣָõķ£ʥŶȥ
ҲʱͻȻֹסŲһɽȥ
ôˣ
ʵ
ж
춢Űɽⷭӿٴϸ
漴һ̣Զݡ
ȥɽϵֲ궼ѾήĲľҲûʲôǣɽ֮ʱȴ֣·Լƺһڻȼգһɷǳ˵ԱͨԴŨܶࡣ
ǣ
΢΢ü
ȱ飬ɵʵСӣôˣʲô
ʱ˵ãֻģЩӰƺܵĻ棬Ӧúܲס쿪ڣ˵Ļȥ
˵ţ۱պϣԽɫŰŮҶͯŰɽȥ
ЩɣҲûٶʣһɽ
ΪɽλòԶԣֻʮѣһǵ˰ɽ¡
ôһòСɽȻв׵Ķ
лɡ
С

䣬ûԥֱӶ֣ŵ˸һӿȥɽĵرƿɨһ޴Һȱڣֱͨɽʮɵλá
ʱ䣬һޱȾ˵𣬵һʱܵĿռŤݡ
ȥʮɵİɽص£һŽɫ潻֯ţȼգ죬ǿջؼһС
ݣǣ
ף
Ƕݡ
Щ죺СӣҲ֪ף
ȻҲ֪Ƚɫʲô
֪
ͷ
·Ľɫ棬һƾâ֯
ʦʦСҶͯӣʵʲô
һַǳĻ档쿪ڣ˵Ȼ棬֮۶ɣųƿԷپУһʿѰҽֱ֮ƿսм֮ٻͨطջٵңҪǣƿߵıǿǿԶûбǿޡ
ƿҩ䣬ҩ൤֮ͬʱҲʮⴿױҩص֮һǳǿᡣû뵽֮ǰۿģ棬ȻҩмصĴףֻգ͵ڵħۻʵĴħȫңǿ
벻ͨͨİɽ£Ⱦ𣡡
ۡ
²Ҫۡ

˵ţ·Ľɫ棬ȥ
⶯ʱһæסСӣʲô
Ȼ

ƨȻҲǰҲþ߱벽ΪڴΪȥת۾͵ýԼͷӶȻҲⴿף֮ǰװħǿڶԺ˰벽ʱ
û⣬Ҿ

˵ʵûдҪףҲþ߱벽ΪܲĹз
ǣȴ£Ҫ벽ΪǰᣬΪƿҩ䣬źǿԡʱΪתҩ䣬ſĴףҺܺõƿء
СһŮ

䣬ûԥһԾֱ°ɽͶ뵽ŽɫĻС
ɰŵĲᣬȴ׿ǷǳΣյĶһעͻὫյ쾹Ȼôʵֱȥ
һе·ǾֱݣΪԾɫĻк󣬾ǰҲûУϵȶûбջ١
⡭
оȡ
ɽص£УѾתҩ䡷ž壬˼ˣˣ˿ȴҲǲܣֻоҪڻ˰㣬ÿһΪѣ·ԼĵҪ㡣
ˣ
âҩ䡷תĸӿ죬֯ǿҩ⡣
漴ֱֹȥСӣڴϥ£ʼ
ʱ䣬ɫĴԾһƵĻǽɫľ飬ɵڣڡҩ䡷ص£뵽ѪС
һĻǱɫСôģȻԴΪɹףһ˼Ķ죬һƺ뵽ʲôжݣˣҩ䣡Сӻƿҩڱҩڼ൤²µ˿ǿҩס
ԱߣҶͯ̽СԴ·Ȼֿ˻Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ŮҲ·һĶ죬ƯĴ۾ʱʱգһ¡
ˣ
ɽ£ڣͨ屻ɫ渲ǣһûڡ
ˣûȥãתҩ佫Ĵɵһ롣
ʱѾͨ죬ÿһ缡ҽҪȣҪѣһָܼѡֻǣϾͨˣֱѹʹ࣬漴ҩתĸӿ죬ʹôײϽڣѪС
ңͬһʱ䣬ȴзǳ˵ܣױͬʱһӿѪ;ڣʹΪҲһ


980 벽
ܵĽɫϣһɫûͬҪվһСȻϥУȴǺ𣬲ϽЩ
ˣ
ҩ˸º͡
ңͬһʱ䣬ڵ̫ľҲһתнɫ
˵ȴҩ֮⣬̫ľҲõⴿף𣬺ɫֱһģһ
ֹ
ԱߣҶͯգգۣҵҲһ
һ
漴졣
Ůܰһֱ·
ɽ£Ľɫ潥˺ܶ࣬ڣУΪɫзǳ˵ܣΪҲڲǿ
ˣ
ʱͬʱתҩ̫ľһףһ
ɺܼѣΪ̫ˣʱڵ¶Ѿﵽһ˵ĵزֻоʱпڻˣıȴû˿仯ĬĬתҩ̫ľȽɫ
ˣɽصµĴԽԽ٣ڵ¶ԽԽңΪҲԽԽߣ
ڻһеȶȣһһתҩ̫ľ
ˣתۼʱȥ
ʱ򣬰ɽµĴȫɵڣһ˿ʣʹͬӺ˵һ㣬ϵÿһ缡ǻˡ
СӣԴΪɸɾˡ죬дһ˿ɫУΪѾҪͻƵ벽ˡ
ɽ֮£˴ףȴûڵһʱΪɵڵ𻹲ûȫɾ
ˣ
תҩ̫ľĬĬڻĴף֮뵽ѪС
漴ģϵ¶ȿʼͣϢ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱļָʱӣ֯㾧Өâһǿڵɽɵúݺݻ¡
벽棡
ۡ
ɽ£΢ŵ˫ʱ˫Уâһš
Լ䣬ǰն˶ЩŤ
һ³漴վ
΢΢ȭжʱ֯âоԼΪﵽ˰벽ΣˣǿˣʶˣսԵĽңΪҩ׵Ĺϵҩˮ׼Ҳõһ޴ѾﵽƷҩʦ۷Σֻôһ˿ܿƷҩʦ
ܺã
ɵﰵԵ
ò˵һʵĴΪҩˮ׼Ҳǿһء
ԭأٴθӦڵѪУһɷǳǿܽ֯ţΪˡ漴֣̽̺Ѫеܣʱ䣬һŽɫӿļԾȱˣյϵ̮һ֮ս㣬ԷվؼһС
ļŽɫ棬ɵеһãǴ˵е𡭡ףڣƿ
΢΢˸漴һգŴϨ԰ɽصڿնԱߡ
ƿˡ
ĶȻǿ˸ղּ׵ĳ
ƿˣҵѪϣǱԭʼ״̬ʱһЩڵʩչӦûа⡣
һֺ𣬻ƿ߱ʵγһƽ⣬ڴڰ벽澳ѪںϺȻήһЩܣΪܳʱܵˣҲΪһ㡣
ȷʵͷպҵıǿҲԽԽǿ
ʱŮԱߣЦĵϲѽ
ͷЦ£ףƿΪʵǿ˲٣ңҪǣıǿǿջͨջٴ⽫Ϊδ·ϵһǿֶΡ
ΪҲǵ˰벽澳⻹õû˵
һЦҪƷá
бҪ
죺
Ҳʱƺ뵽ʲôиһƾâٴοڣСӣڴﵽ˰벽澳֮ǰõöˣ漴һͻƵ澳Ρȵʱȥɽ̡
⻰ٴ¶һĨЦ΢΢˫ۣҲô롣
ǰһµżĹõһö񵤣벽漶ʿ󣬿ֱ뵽澳ΣûаĸãЧˡ
ڣ˰벽澳֮ǰõ񵤣ܿͻƵΣȵʱսһ޴ɱ䣬ʱȥʥŵɽ̣žûʮɱ̨Ҳ޾һУԼ򵥽ɽ߽⣬õʲôͻңʱ񳯵ĴɱΪ澳£֮񳯵ɱ֣
߰ɡ
˵
ߣȥģɵֱӾ񵤲ˣ
ҲŸտ벽澳Ȼ죬Ϊһ£ͻơ

룺Ҳԡ
˴ͻƵİ벽澳ʱһַʽȥͻƣԵ̫á
ͷʱҲգѡУ뿪ɽԶȥ
ŮЦģٻԱߡ
ʱ˵ļһؼȥɡ֮ǰҲˣڴɱңһΣա
Ҳ£Ҫ㡣Ůգۣ˵壬Ӻ˵һ㶼ӦҸˣ;ڣõġ
죺
ԣԼ⵽̯ʲô˰
Ů̾˿Ҳٶ˵ʲôˣԹԵͽԶȥ
ŮЦһഺȥ
ƲƲ죬ĴɫҲϡ
СҶͯȻҲСŸȥţʱʱܡ
һ뿪ɽûʲôر£ͣͣڼ䣬СҶͯ;һЩժЩҰúһͷɶ೤໨ŵǰԣһա
ˣһͽߣһЩɽǻ;ǿޣÿһϣǽСҶͯȥСһսͬʱԼҲһָ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
һ죬һһɽҵһʮεɽȣϾɱڹڵһʯ
ʱĵ벽漶ΪȹľҲǱøӵƽȼ̡ʱ׼ˣһͻƵȥ
ʼɣ

ͷطǳΣѾܿӡ˾ɱϢйټΪõʲô
ƽ̬ʼת̫ľһʱ䣬â֯ʹľһӿֱȥʮǴﵽһ״̬ʹоȥһǿʢ¯㣬Ѫˡ
Ҳʱ΢΢һΣǰõöȡ͵ţ뵽С


981 
񵤳ֲͬɫʣʼһУʱڻһů˳ĺڡ
ü̫ľת뵽ڵ񵤵ҩʱ䱻ڵÿһӿȥ
ˣ
һʱ䣬âӿֶϣڽâ֮ڣ˴
漴ÿһѪⶼΪ̫֮ľתת٣ɺҩʹ⣬ҲʹѪøӵľӨ
漴һ̣Դʼһƹâʼзڡ
ˣ
âһ㣬ɻһ㣬ڽ֯ʱޱȻԾҲޱڷɿǿ
΢˫ۣת̫ľʱȻܲЩɵаȷʵܾˣһʹԼ˲ǿ˲١
£Լָ񵤵İ£ȫȥĵ
ˣ
ʱĵâøŨ
ڣҪӰ벽澳ҪģüĴǿʢһ¸߶ȣ˲ܹͻ澳Ĵţһٿ뵽ȥ
ʯϣüĹâ貣ʶһȫȫڣܱߵһȫˣֻ񵤣漴񵤵ǿЧʹĴͣڣͣǿʹԵ
һʱ䣬ӨĴͬһԴԾĲԽԽǿ
һ߿ţоԽԽǿʢĴͫһ˸񵤣Σ߸ʱʱ䣬ӦþܴӰ벽澳ֱӿ뵽Ρ˵ţʵԣǲɵЩŹ֣˵Сӵִ򣬵ʲô
Ȼ̫ãҲԲ̣ǣƿصĴȴôҲʶ鶼ⲻ⵽ʲôо㲻
ԱߣŮ죬Ư۾дһĹʣĺ档
â֯⣬ԼƱǿ漴ĽɫҲԽԽܵһжӳһԡ
ʼĬĬǿʶڣȴС
ˣ
ģʶ𶯣ú漴һ̣ͬһ㣬һƬʵĴ縡֣ʶֱû뵽ƬʴĴǵ⡣
Ƭ磬ĴݻɣһƬõ磬ʱΪ񵤵ԵʣƬ缱ͣԽԽ嫣ԽԽ
ˡ

ƬԽԽ嫵ͬ㣬һƮƲ㣬һεı仯̫䣬ѭͬʱʶƬ˸Ļ棬ûһ棬ƬĵâøŨ
ͬһʱ䣬ĴҲԽԽǿԼƲڳɳ
ˣת۾ʱȥ
ʱת̫ľȻǽ񵤡˸ɾǿʢһ㣬ʶǴƬõ˳
ֻһ㣬һ㣬ܿ澳

ڴʯϣĽɫ͵ɻԶǱüΪ貣Ũľˡ漴һ̣̫ľתĻһЩĵǶһֲڵж죬ȥеʣ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
һ̣΢𣬼Ѫǿһ۷壬򴿴⵽һ£һɷǳ˵ӿʱԼ䣬оһŴˣһӿȵӿϣɽ齫Ҫ
棡Ͼˣ
⡣
ʯϣܹĲһУȻǼ񵤣ʱʱ䣬һ̣ϾҪżڣ澳
ֻһΪ΢СһһС׾ܿȥ
ʵϣʱڳһС
ɹ⽻ֻ֯澳
ˣ
ͻȻһƬһѹֵϢ˲併١
ȥͷϿգһ־޴ת۶ɣ䣬Ѫɫһƽ֯һƬѪĺۼУ׾ܻ
ǣʱɫ٣⡭
ͬһʱ䣬챾˺ݺһֻоĵ㺮ͷƤˡһ̣оϵı仯оǹƣֻз·һһ챦׼׽ܽ
ȣ
ֱӿѪɫ˲һƬ԰ס
ƣѪɫ磬ʣ٣Ҫ澳ʱٿʼǵȻϢ־壬һ˲ĺڰһ㣬Ҳһ˿һǰ·
ҿ϶һʱ澳ֱӾͻ£ʱûһ˿׼Իᱻֱ
ҧٶǿеͣԼΪͣڰ벽ۣȹĴ⣬硣
ϣ𶯣΢΢һ漴һɢȥתۼʧ
һʱ䣬ѹֻϢ䣬Ƭز֮ǰڰ»ָ
ʯϣȾѪſڴϢЩ΢΢ʵǷŵǵֲ̫֮ˣǵȻϢ֮£оԼ΢Сɳ㡣
壬û°ɣ
Ů˹
ҡͷǿһЦ
ʦ
СҶͯҲ˹
ͻȻѪɫ˺ö࣬СһһӾͼ
Ĵɹ죬𺳡
Сӣ⵽ô£ʱɱѾǷǳŹˣô澳ٳֱ֣ǡ
һ˼ı顣
ʿֻڿͨɾʱΪԪתŻ٣֮󲻻ٳ֣ɹͨɴٺڽʱȴٴٺɱڣҪ澳ʱٽ٣ʵšΪҪǣղŵǵȹʵЩ£ڻЩĲ
̫ãʡ
Ӧ
Ϊ澳ʱ£ʱȻǺֻйء΢΢һٽԼ;ƽ״̬Ϊȴɱ澳⡣
ƨʣҿСӾϱӶˣⱲӲҪѡ

бһۣû˵ʲôͬʱҲЩΣԼʵ⣬ÿһ󾳽ʱп١
Ҫһ·ۻʾɣ

ֹʲô
ҡͷûʲô
˶ٺӴʯվ
ʱȻûп뵽澳ȴޱƽ澳ʱȥɢϢǿ˺ܶࡣ
Ҫô죿ô׼ɽ٣͸ղƵֱǡˡ֮үƣҲѰһȱʥܶɹ١


982 ͨ
Ļ첻ɵЩԣȱʥôҡ
ûȱʥʱˣǵѹԿ¡
Ʋ졣
⵹Σȷʵˣо֮ǰǵƵƣֱҪһûȱʥĵֵ
ûȱʥҲûϵ취

ʱżƽ
ʹЩ棺а취ʲô취˵ү


һ㶣ɶ
ɽ٣ʲôϵ
ʲô˼
ü
һΣһϲݸУܱ⽻֯ƽ֮ӡš
ݣ֮ǰ칬õƻȡʲô⣬漴뵽ʲôЩĶ죺˼ǣͬһʱʿʮĸʵûκθõ񵤣
ڵʱһ˱˵еļڼ칬ʱȡ긯ݣԸһ񵤣һ˲ʹʿսٶȣʶȸʵʮκθáʱȡ긯ݳҪɽ٣ʲô˼
ͷԡ
һΣ뵽ʯڡ
⡭õĿ϶شжʱ¶澳ʵٸʵͬʱʮӦȷʵԶɹⳡ׷ѣдžâüȵȣүϡ仹ǵã㵱˵ٵƷ۷弶ҩʦſƳ񵤰ɣڣƺûеƷҩʦοƷ۷弶ˮ׼ʱӦǲİɣ
Ц£֮ǰ׺ҵҩˮ׼ѾﵽƷ۷壬ϰһ¾ܿƷҩʦΣұƿҩ䣬ȹžΪкܴļӳãֻƷڣҾ񵤡
⻰ʱۣû뵽ƿص׺󣬲ΪӴﵽ˰벽澳ҩˮ׼ҲǴﵽƷ۷塣
˶٣ǿڣУϽϰͻƵƷҩʦȥǵ񵤺ȷүöȻٿʼɽ١
бһۣ˵ˣһ긯ݵö񵤣ң⻹ǵò˿¡
䣬Ҳٶ˵ʲôطٴϥ£תҩ䡷žʱеҩ⽻֯ʹطһɵ
ܣΪ
Ů֮ͬǰǰ㣬Ư۾һգգĿ졣
СҶͯȻҲһһ졣
ˣ
⣬âƣƽ͡
תҩУģҩŨЩǱǿʢһʼڡ
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬Ĺâһ£漴һס
˫ۣ³һ
ˣֱ˹ƷҩʦΣ
ˡ
ͷ
֮ǰ괿׺ҩˮ׼ѾﵽƷ۷壬ʱƷҩʦ𣬶پգֱӵƷҩʦ̨
Ǿ͸Ͻİɣ񵤣ˣ񵤣ʲôţ
ȡͨ񵤣Ԣܼ򵥣ָӵɷЧ

˵ţһȡһඦ
ڶһף̻ͨŸֹޣǵڵڶҩһչ֮ܵõȻ߱κιɱ֮ܣȴǳ̡ȻȻҩĶȻҩľѵ¯һĵ޷ȡ
ඦȡݣ⿪Ʒӡȡһ֣֮붦¯ڡ
ˣ
֣ɫĴԻඦʱʹඦһһƽɫĵ˳۶ɢȼա
Ƚɫ𣬽ڵĸ֣ת۱ǽ֮ڻһƬɫҺ壬мΪ˵ķඦڴ
ƲݣĺҩһȴǾ֮ʵںŨ㲻䡣

бһۣû˵ʲô
γɵ𣬷ǳº̺ͣȴǷǳˣڻݺ󣬼֮
ඦڣʵֻݾ񵤣
ˣֻĵĵϣҪʮֵϲС

˵ţһΣƬҩʯȴʯзɳԡ
Щط˼̣õıܶ࣬ĲȻǷǳȫһЩǳϡٵĵû⣬һĲУңкܶࡣ
ඦڣĿŴ׻ĵڽƵһ̶Ⱥһʮֵİһ˳ͱ뵽ඦڡ
ˣ
ʱඦڲɵһŹ漴ɢ
棬ҲǼף֮ҩ
ò˵Դ׻ĵĹУеĵ϶ǷǳױҲǳˡ
𣡡
Ե
ԱߣСҶͯ۾һգһգģʱʱԴյඦԱߣ˻ȥ
Ц˫ֽӡٴඦʹöڵĵ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
üһ촫һſѿһ㡣
ĬĬĿţתۣʱȥ
ʱͣڴ򿪣ʱмŨķ㴫
ȥһöĴָǰСɫ񵤣ܱһƵĹƣǴɽ׹һ㣬ãһڽ֮븹С
ɹ
¶һĨտտâһ֣öɫ񵤴ඦȡ˳
չ˵ͨ񵤣಻˵ţҲ貵Ĺⶫ֮һ˲ʮʵ
Ȼ

ǡҩ䡷ص񵤣ǾŴ֮һҩȻд
öͨ񵤣йװ˴æ԰ٷְٳɹ
һ긯ݵڲ£Ƴöͨ񵤣һʼʱʵԤ˳ɹʣԼӦûһЩʵӦֻöͨڣŴףģԿ԰ٷ֮öͨ񵤣

õöͨ񵤡Сĵ漴ֿʼһֵ
ˣתۼ䣬˸ʱȥ
˸ʱ䣬ΣԴ۵Ĵöͨ񵤣ټʼööȾ񵤡
ʮս

չ˫۷Ź⣺ö
ʿʮĸʵ֮ûκθãǾ񵤣
Ƽֵ
ȶɹ٣ǻʣ࣬Ͷ㡣ƫͷ⣬⽻֯Ѱһʵĵطʼɽ١


983 ʮս
ö֣ͨۼʮսǶɽٵ׼Ȼá
ߡ
кСҶͯ뿪ⷽɽȡ
پԺֲܿҪѰһǳտ˼ĵطɽ٣Ļᵼ޹ѡ
ȥƬߣһƬܿĴġ

ƬǷǳ˽ģǰ·
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱǰһƬĵأԲң˸ߵĿݲһ꣬ͰĹľһ飬һƬƬС͵أһӰҲ
΢΢ͷĵطǳʺɽ٣˵ˡ
СһŮԶһЩ
漴ڿն𣬳Ƭĵλȥ
ѽ
Ů
СҶͯѧʦѽ
һŮһ٣ƬĸԶЩ
ҲʱȻƬĵλá
ƫͷСҶͯͰŮȥǶѾ˳ȥԶƫͷ
һн֯տտâ̫ľֱת£ȷڣʼ澳硣
ˣ
ɫ⽻֯ɻԻƣǿϢɢһɢ
󣬼ֻһɲǶѣһɰڳʹ˶Щһˣʱٶȣֱ뵽
ˣ
ĲֱըˣƸǶڰ˲ϢƬء
ȥͷϣһ޴кʣڵƹתһȦһȦ˿˿ƵѪɫ罻֯Уš
ģǡ
ԶЩĲ
ÿ£
СҶͯӡ
ˣ
ϣ𶯣ͬһʥı죬һٹѹֵĲת۽֯ϰ˻ġ
ģֻоƺһ˫ӣһֱֱĶϢȫȴʱٿ̫ˡ
ͨвɫȴûа仯һΣɫͨ񵤸Уܱ߲һƵĹʶá
ʱѹ£ڿ죬ȴֱֱĶŲ񷣬ֱеѪɫ罻֯һ̶ȣ̧֣еͨ񵤣֮з¡
ʱ䣬һϢʼǣһŵĻɽʼ
䣡
ɫ͸ǳҵĻһ㸲⣬Ũһµ㣬ʹŵ׵ĴضԳˣֹסĻζ
ԶһĻǵۣͨ񵤵ЧСӡʱϢֱֱǡ
Ŵ˿̵죬ɵ𺳣ֻоڵһ޵׶㣬ƺ벽ǿҲܼ򵥵ĺɱ
䣡
УĽɫøŨһȼգӿȡ
һ̣վһս㣬ǿ׻һС
΢΢ȭһоԼǿڵǿûУȽǴȱǣԼһûʲôܰ쵽
ͨ񵤣ʮս
̧ͷϵĻƣоâ貣һ𣺡ɣ
ˣ
͵һѹֵϢŨĲҡ
ڤڤеƺƣַ׷ǡϣһ̣һֱĳȥ֮ռֱӱ̮
ת۶ѣ׳ͷ¡
䣡
ֱӱû̳䣬ԲʮڵĿռȫ顣
Զɫû뵽һ׾ͽˡһ̣ǰ̳ɢȥǶݣֱֻվԭأĽâŨŲûƶһ£ŵ׵ĵҲûá
ʹ˫۵ɵĸ󣺡СӣûܣӲǵףңȻµضסˣû⵽׻ơǰǾݣ⡭ʮսСڵ׵ǿʲô̶ˣղŵǵж£ɱһǿ߼ֱȴҪ򵥣죬ȴʱޱףȻ

Ůе
СҶͯѧʦ
ǰм䣬ͷŲϡղţʲôҲûֻԴǺͽ֯ĽɫȴǶû˿ãеľâŨͨ񵤣ʮսȫоٵвˡ

Ų񷣬
ˣ
ɲǣϣøӿѪɫͬѪһۣһƬһֵӴͷ׼Ƶѹе
漴һ̣ͷӴХһ𣬱ֱĳ졣



ܣ𣬿ռ
һʱ䣬ƬڿϯľݲȫһƷɡ
תۣѹ£ĵغݺͬǷһ˵Ĵ
УǰĺڷĿ趯ɫȴû˿ı仯
Įѹ£ֱ䵽Զʱˣֱӣ𣬶Ųһȭϡ
䣡
һȭ˴ֱһ޴Ľɫͬһɫ磬ֱӭϡ
ʱ䣬һ¡ľ죬µӴ漴ըķ顣
ʮս̬һͷȻһȭ͸ˣ
Զľ
ϣ𶯣Ѫɫܼ˿˿ƵĽ֯͵죬һη
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
һΣͬ޶мһƬ꾶ֱѹܼÿһ綼ˮͰ֣š
һĻʱ̲סֱ꣬Ϊ˻ţǿˣҲ˲䱻
ڴڣȴƽоâ֯Ƭ޾η
Ķܼ򵥣ֻǻȭԴµӭϡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ȭ֮£ܼ׵ڽڱ飬תۼǱٵһɶ
Ųϣıֱ
ͨ񵤣ڸʵʮϵ׷治ˣʱԶûѹ
䣡
˵ĺ
ڤڤ֮е׷ƺޱȲһΣֽٵ͵ֽٵһѹһ׺ӣһ׵ʱճѹ¡
ֽͣٵһ£Ŀʼϵı顣
ڣ仯
ֺ͵ֵ׷ûо˿ѹ
ʮսһһ޵е
ˣ
ӿ׼ҴӰ֣һ񷡣


984 ٲֹ
׼ҴʮʵӰɸߣޱʵһսٻ˳޴ƽ貽âƺƵĻ񷡣

һ죬һʱ䣬Բµĵֽٵ統ֱ̮顣
漴Ʋڵݻɵ׵ϣ͵һ֮ķѣѪɫ绡½
ԶһĻ̲ס˿ģ̬
ֲֿ׷ѣֱǿĨɱǿߣȴǱͨͨһƸȺĵķ飬ʹʵЩ𺳡
䣡
ףƱøӵķڣѪɫԽԽ࣬ԽԽܡ
ֽٵ͵ֽٵո˲䣬бǾֱˣһž޴ֶѹ¡ٴηڣһѪɫ۶ɣҲ·֮ռ䱻и飬ռ񱩡֮ݵХһͷȫ۶ɵɻ˸֣Բ¡
׷׷ڰ׷һֱһֲֿһѹ
һʱ䣬ĸҵһѺ۸ֶͬ֩һ㳯ӿȥڣڳ·ݣתۼȥ
׷ɷǳ£˵Ƭоһ쫷硣
ļ䣬죬ʱڸоһ˿ѹ
Ȼֻһ˿ѡ
߷ʮսһӵܰ׷ʱ
ӭŲѹ׷ٴλӶ֣һŽɫ̼ӿ߶ֱ̮ʮռ䣺ʡףĮһȭգ̼仯һɫĻ𺣣ֱûС
ʱĶһɼȵУضڻ˴Ƭ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ֮ϣմֵ׷̱մ
Զſڣû³һôֲ׷һѹ£ˣȴȻ򵥾ͱĴ׷˸ɾ
Ǵ˵е𣬲ʮսۼӣٶɵġʷɵĶɽٹ˰ɡ
ɵ÷ۡ
ʦ
СҶͯգ۵۾ǳݡ
ŮһߣĿ졣
ҲʱٴһһΣһԻÿһɴ֣ÿһ·ѹһǿߣʼһ֣ʮռѣռֱӱϢˡ
ֲھٵΪ򵥵ĸ֣
ԹΪ֮£ԾΪһ֣Ƕɹȥˣ
н֯⡣
ˣ
׹𶯣һԻûаͣ٣ѹ졣
ϯسݣԲڵĿռ䣬ÿһ綼ڴʱ˻
۶Ų񷣬ѹ֮ǰоһвڴˣɱƽ˵һֻͼ𣬺ƺƵӭա
ʱһ
ʮս߶ֻͼ֮ǿˣһʥͼ˳һʱ䵴һƬƬʵʥԣתųȥ



ϣԲµһԵЩһķ飬һƿȥʮǳױ飬ȫɢ
ھ췣飡
㶨
ԶЦ
һ̣ĴЦֹסˣΪ֮ϣɫɴڣûɢ
ǣ
Ϊ֮ü
ԹԾΪֽٵ֮Ӧûɢȥ߲ƳԷɽ֮ˣ£Ҳ߲֮£һ٣ͬڵٴʱɵ١Ǵ˿ֽ̣ٵȥ߲ûг֣ϵи˿ûҪɢļ󣬶ңҪǣԼ֮䣬һɸµĻ
һҲǶݣϵ𶯣ѪɫøܣҲڰˣңȺڰڷĳܱӣҪ򶼸֡һֻĵĸо·ǣ췣һ̲ʼ
ˣ
쳹˻ģϣƷͬһת
һ̣ѿʮѪɫԻÿһ·ϹÿһƵſֲĻ𲨶̼ѹֵϢͬһڷϯƬÿһ䡣
һʱ䣬Ƭ󲿷ʿԸоȻϢսս
ô£
տʼ䰵ˣͻȻҪҹ𣿣
⡭
һʿ𺳡
ˣ
״̶һ̣һƴڵĲʹ޾
⵽ǣ
⡭ٵϢڶͨɴ٣ɡ˭ͨɴƣϢô£ŴͨɽҲԶû̶Ȱɣ
׷ʲô
Ƭǿʿ𺳡
ˣ
һձøӺڰˣѹֵϢøŨ
Ϣ£ƬһɽڣԭǳԾȫɪɪ
ҲʱƬϷͷһɽڣռΪ֮ζһ˫ĵͫ׺䣬飬ңңɽڵƬġ
棬١ĸִ˫һƬ䣬Ƭ綼·΢ζ£ʮռֹסŤ漴һ̮˼
漴ͬһʱ䣬ƬĶͷͷԼλãһ˫ңңɽٵĵطн⽻֯

ˣ
Ĵٴ𶯣Իʮ׵ˣš
Ϣ£ɫЩ̫ÿһ̣Ȼͨ񵤴߷ʮսȴҲһ˿вڵһʱЩ
ڣһϵʮ׵Ƕˣ·׹䡣
ʷټʮ췣٣
ʱֱӱķѣ̳죬еĲľȫ١
Զɵö£СҶͯͰŮԶˣһ˳ıԵԶͣ𺧵ĳ׹µʮ׵ȥ
ʮֽٵ磬⡭Ż׹ʮֲ׵м죺СӣϱӵǶӯɣһҪô
䣡
쳹ʮأʮ׵׹䣬ûһ磬ϢͱøŨ
ʮ֮ͥ£˫ȭգ΢΢ҧʱ򣬶Ųϵʮֽٵ磬Щˣľôޣ֮ȥپȻû˿ֹͣףȻ˵ʮֽٷôĿֲ
ȥƽϣѾȫˣҪ׵Ľ


985 һ
ӭŲϵʮ׹£ҧҧյġ
ֻǣվû
ͷֻͼչһƬƬϼ⣬ʮ׵ײȥ
漴תۼ䣬ײһ
䣡
һʱ䣬ǿĲܷɿɢʮս߶ֻͼǿľˣȻֲ˵ĵʮֽףǱڲϡ
ֻͼҲ˶࣬΢΢˼£ҲǷ˿
ԶǶݣʮսĵӹȻֲµĵʮֽٷȻҲ쵱ɴٵĳνǷңʱԣʱ澳ʵ̫ˣ
䣡
̶ٴڲը
ȥձøڰˣӿֲϢڳƬѹ䣬ããƷӿ漴һƬ׺ֶÿһ綼
ʮһ׷
ˣ
׺ӿȣʼһֱǺƵһеĲضҡ
ʱ򣬿ͣĴƬĲϱͳݣȫһ֮
¡¡ģʮһֵ׺δ£ϸСһ䡣
Щ翴ȥͦϸСʵȴǽ֯żΪµϢÿһ綼·ǵھֵ㣬ļ¡
ļ䣬ЩϸСȫˣֻɫ
ʱĿⶢסϷƬ׺н֯տտ񻪡
Ƭ׺о˸µвǣ׺ѹ䣬ˣʮս߶콣еǿɱ콣֮һƬɫ콣곯Ų֮ϳȥ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶
һ̣콣âû׺УƬ׺ҡǧܼѺۡ
漴ٴνֻͼһֻͼϣѹ׺
һΣ׺ûܹסһ顣
Զۣʮһ׷û£Ȼͱٵˡ
Сӣӡ
䣡
пһ䣬Ƭձٴըһס
ϣɱⷭʮֽ׽٣һ޴ĥ̸ֶͬĥһ㣬Ҫ綼ֱĥ˾㤡
¡һһεĥûͣ٣ʼһֱĳѹ¡
켹ʱȻ߷ʮսȴɸо˷ǳµв˿⣬һͺ𣬽ֻͼʹһ
΢ںΪֻͼѹµĥӭȥ
䣡
תۣײһ𣬼ҽ档
Ƚֲǳ𶯳һ޴ѺۣʹÿռһƬƬ𣬶ڵĴģȻǳݵĸ
ȣ
һȳһѪ
ʮֽٵݻĥ̫£ȻԴ߷ʮսֻͼȴ˴ˡ
ңʱʼ˥ˣԡͨ񵤡߷ʮսϾҪʧ
΢΢ҧ˫𣬾ֱۣϿյĥȥ
һ˲䣬˽֯ĥ̵һѪɫ磬һ߰㽻֯һǿһ㡣
飡
Ѫ³ôһ֡
¡һḥ̂ƿشֻͼӭĥһ䣬ʱⷽĥ̾Ҳ漴Ѻ۱鲼ķ顣
ˣȴһ׷͸ֻͼ£ϣĺʮɡ
ȣ
ٴοѪɫʱ԰Щ
Ҳʱ΢ϵĽɫϢҲࡣ
ԶȻϢ仯ͨ񵤣ҩЧȥˡ
ļ䣬ЩϢ漴ٴϡʱɣøˣӿˣ·Ҫ˵ûȥ
漴һ̣һ𣬵ʮֽٵԻȫ۶ɵݣϰ٣̤鳤գأӵ¡
⣬ûнʮֽٵ֮󣬵ʮֽٵԻΪһƬɽÿһɽ罻֯ɣÿһɽֲ
䣡
һ죬ʮռ̮
ңֽٷѹ£ıԵҲ׹䣬ǻˡ
΢΢£ٶȷµڶöͨ񵤣ٴδ߷ʮսӲ񷣬ֻͼӭϡ
ʱֻͼʮֺ͵ʮֽٷײһ໥伤Ҷ
漴ʮ󣬴ֻͼ飬ֽٷѹֱû
һʱ䣬ıưܲǽһƬرɡ
̳ʮ
ಣ
ƿ̳гӶˣѪܡ
Զ¶ݣʮսȻҲ˳ӣ⡭
ڣ촭Ϣ̫תһʱؾ۳ǡ
Ųɴŵƣɫѿ˼֣ղţ߷ʮսֻͼȻҲ˰ӡ
ˣ
һһΣˣʮֽ׾۳ɣһʮ׷ֱֶѹ¡
⡰ʮε縲ǵķΧ󣬵ȴޱȿֲʼһֱĲֻˡ
һ̣Ȼ߷ʮսȴҲһԿĸо
ҧأֻͼ򣬴ףӡֶʩչѹµʮ׷ӭȥ
䣡
˫ײˡ
תֻۣͼȫʮε׷ֱѹ䡣
ֻͼȵĵֵʮ׷˲٣ɱޱȾˡ
ۣ
һΣȻȻ߷ʮսȴҲ˼شֱըѪˮȾƬء
ϣûи˿Ӧʱ䣬ʮֽ׺͵ʮֽͬʱֶûаͣ٣ֱӳŴѹ¡
ʱ䣬ٴγݣʯһı顣
̫ؾ۳Ǳʮֺ͵ʮֵĽûȻҲԱֱܿС
ۣ
һΣըͱԴЩ
ģѪɫ̫תתۼٴ۳
ɫأϡ
ʱ򣬲ϵƱЩǣĲȴԽԽŨҡ
漴ȥŸϵƾֱըʮֽ׸֡εĽףֻһֱȴаɣңֻԵϢʹƺҪ̮ˣΪ˲סĻζͣ¡
ģǿֹסһ亹˲Ϣ¡
£Լ˲䱻һĺڰˣЩһֽҪɲǼĨɱĸо
ֻһ˲Ϣѣһ̣ݺҧԼ侲
ʮսȫʩΪܿҧӦáһˣ
ΪɽߣʱǿӦһֽˣҪɹȥ
ɣ
ۣӭŲϵͺ𣬽ֻͼ콣طףӡȫʮս߶תرǣƷЩԻը񷡣
Ҳʱϣʮֽ£޴̼С


986 һ
޴ѹ䣬âûУʩչֱͨײһһʱ䣬ٴδ飬رһ˲ǳɡ
䣡
ϯƬռ䣬̳С
һ̣漴ֱȥʮƽ
ϣƽɢȥ»ָ
ȥԲɵĴưܵĲӣҲ֪˶٣ǱĽƺۼһƵ绡֯ڿУž졣
̳ɢȥм䣬ѾȫΨһ̯ƵѪڽƵĵϡ
ˣ
ָϣƬƻ۶ֲһĹâʥ
ƬƮڴĵرϵϿգһ𣬶ʱдƬ߲ʹⴹ£Ƶϵ̲Ѫา֣һƵ߲ʹâӿ뵽С
ʱž̲ͣѪӿ߲ʹâͬʱҲѪɫĻԾתۼ۳Ҳһؾۡ
壡
ʦ
⼫ԶŮСҶͯ󺰡
Ҳǳ˿ڴǶɹȥˡ
ļ䣬߲ʹâ̧֣ͷһһЦöͨʮսǿгŹⳡ׷̫ѡ
ʱ򣬲ϵ߲£֣Ҳڵһʱת̫ľ߲ʹâȹ澳ΪͬʱҲ
ɹٺ߲ʹâ䱦е䱦һ˿һҲ˷ѡ
ˣ
ת̫ľ߲ʹâϵϢתۻָұԽԽǿȽǸǡ
ˣתۼһӹȥ
ʱ򣬲ϵ߲ɢȥϵϢǿ㡣
һжΣ
һ
ɹʮֵĻ췣ò˵ôǷǳģʹΪһֱӵһжΣԵֵµĿޡ
ңͬһʱ䣬оԼʶȶһ޴Ծʱ򣬴ۣһİ벽ǿҲԺȣսȫʩΪԺǿһս
ܺã
Եһ䣬оâ֯
ò˵ʵǷǳµģΪΪԽǵÿһСĲԽ澳Ѿ·ϵĵ߸󾳣ų󾳽磬Ժ󾳽ڵľǿһսԳƵǳ졣
´оâŨܸоǿ漴ܣб˵ֻһƬء
ʱƬԹųĴǱ׻ٵˣھԻݲ
죺
⻰ЩգڵɴʱҲǻһƬɽڣʱЩ
ٵĴٵĴ
ɿȵ
Ʋ죬б۾漴˫ĿŹ⣬ֱӳצӡ
ͨ񵤣һöϽү
˵
ŶȻͨ񵤼ֵԼˣǲģֱӽһöȡ
ӹͨ񵤣ʱЦǾâһö˲ϢʮսıҩЧȥû˿ĸãȶļֵ޷ȥ
СĽ֮𣬲ɵǺٺٵЦ漴СӣЩӣʱЩݣö񵤣ٰʮöģ
бΪôңⶫ̵ĺܣĳ˵ҩҪϡҾҵõġ
ôң
ɡ
ϻôҡΪʮսҲҪΣбҲ룬öͨõĸѰģƬڵ칬УҪѰȥҿ

գֻƲ죬˸ۡ칬ҲԸȥңǵطҲȥȥ˵ġ
ƬĲӣͣ˻ᣬ漴׼ȥ
ȥʥš
˵
ﵽ澳ʲôˣֱӴȥɡ
ţ
Ц
һƬƵĴߡ
ȻҲʱƬռһͻȻһƬѹ֣źˡ
΢ֻоһɱȷŵٻҪֲ򱶵Ϣ
ͬʱиУ͵һ
̧ͷֻƬĵĲϲ֪ʲôʱĵӰģһѪۣһͷַһϼףһŻ¡
ˣ䡣
һʱ䣬һ
ۡ
΢
ĸ꣬ǻ羳ĵۻǿߣ
ǾֱɫΪһ̣˵ĿⶼϣоԼǱֻεĴס˲Ӱ㣬һɾҵʹС
ϿգĸĿ䣬Ȼ֮ǰɽٵĹƬϷͷͷͷͶλ˫۵ˣǵۻʡ
٣˼
Ѫ꿪ڣĮ
һ㣬Į죬ȴ˿˿Ĺ⡣
ȻˣΪ
죬澳٣ǵע⡣
Դƽ֣ȥ֮
ַ˵⻰ʱĿڶ죬ȴȻں˽
ԡ
˵ͷĮ
⻰ʱֱɫֻüһ
ˣȻȡԴ
Сӣߣҧĸ϶ӦǺ͵ħۻʲ࣬ԪǿҪɿݣ澳ʱ٣ȡ챾Դҩߣ
ʱȻҲǲµһ㣬ԽɫСҶͯͰŮɿĳԶȥ
ﵽ澳磬սԾԵۻǿߣȴû˿취⣬Ҳ벻ˡ
ٶȺܿ죬漶Ϊʩչǚiת۱ǧɣ˲ϢԶȥ
ϣ˵ĿĮͬϰһˡ
Ѫİһ̶֣̽ãã񷣬һʱܵпռ䣬ֱĳץȥ
һסˣԶֺֻѪĴֳץתۼǰ⡣
ݣ
ͻȻһͼն£ٶȿ쵽£Ѹ򱶡
۵һѪɽѪ̽Ĵ־ֱնأ漴ը
ֻоͻȻޱɣٴζˡ
ҲʱһϢĳǰֱѹԴϣ¶һڽ׵ݣһأСӣøǿˡ
춢ͻȻǰİ꣬ǿǲɵһ漴ʱ¶ϲı顣
˭
ϣѪӱѪâ֯ĶŰꡣ
ʹԴ΢
ﬣ
̶Хصߵϣһ貽£ֱӽѪķ顣


987 ϾƹԵۻ
ʺѪˮϣĿ˶һȻǺַۻҲжݡ
Ҫ֪ѪǵۻʼǿߣȴȻһնķ顣
춢ͻȻǰ꣬ԭžϲʱȴ𺳣㡭һ飬ԵһزȻĶʦ˳ϾƹʱϾƹܳԾֵǸѪһۻʰǣղȴȻһ͸ˡղոϷµһϾƹµġ
Ͼƹžľ͸һƣôòװʦ㣬ʲô㣿ʦֲ
죺
ԱߣֱۣΪѪ걻նľȣΪϾƹ˵ĻһϾƹֵ죬ǣ㡭ʦ

ͷ
˫۱ǵɵĸԲ˼ֱֱ֣ϾƹϾƹаѣܲնɱ壬ʱЩ𺳣ȴǲ룬ʦΪҪǣʦ֣һͽǵۻʼѪն˸飬Ļ棬ò˵Щˡ
ʦʦ
ԱߣСҶͯգ۾һ汦ĶϾƹ
ƬղõĵӣҶͯЦŶϾƹ˵漴СһԴΪСһϾƹʦĶʦʦ
ҶͯŶܹɺϾƹ񣬴ĵʦá
ϾƹʱЦɨСҶͯ˫ͫܲȻֻһ۾ͿСҶ̫ͯۡ˵ţ΢̧һĨɫ⸡֣˲ϢûСҶͯüģҵһؼʱԻֻһΡ
СҶͯգ۾ĵĵллʦ
˵ǰôû͹ִ񣿡
Ʋ졣
ϾƹžĸһƣЦ㼸ꣿꣿ˵ˣԼĵʲôʲôס
죺
ԱߣŮϾƹƯĴ۾һգһգġ
䣡
ʱһǿܳ𣬵ۻѹɢ̼˴Ƭա
ԶѪؾ۳İɭ˻࣡ϾƹѪɱ˿ҲΡϾƹնץֱۣԽâĵ˺飬ɱ
ȲЩˣǲɵһ
ۻ̫¡
ͬһʱ䣬Ѫͬжĺַ꣬ϼͻҲڶϾƹӽǺ䡣ǶǵۻʼţϾƹһͬΪۻʼǿߵѪնķ飬ʵǲ򵥣Ǵ˿̶ܳˣҲһƵڽ֯ܵմŤ
ϾƹʱתĿѪϣɢҵӶ֣ɱնһۣһΣ㲻Կ˵ţɨۻʣֵڣܲ鷳뿪ȥߣǶкôϾǵԪ治ˡĸۻǿߣɫɢԵú⡣
̬ʹ΢Ƕˣɶǵۻʼǿ߰
ѪеɱøŨۻɫһΪۻʣ˾ηϾƹʱȴ̬Ǻ޾⡣ңΪҪǣǵԪȷʵˣһֱƬչس˯ӻԪţϾƹ˵Ԫ£Ǵǵʹ
С
ַ߿ڣĿ
ϼͻ궢ϾƹĿǱһƬ
ղţϾƹ֣˽ʱǼۻһֱڵĮĴϾƹѾ֣Ͼƹֻضѣȴ˽ʮϹŶԣ̫΢С
ӭż˵ıĿ⣬ϾƹƽɢȰ뿪
⻰һɢ̬ʹԱߵоЩ
СӣʦŰ
С
죺
ϾƹʱҲЩԳԾϾƹǰĸۻǿߣʵԵЩ̫ˣоȥͺȫûн˷С
ϿյĲϣַɫһеâɱŨ
ɱȡӱԴ
Ѫֱӡ
Ͼƹնһֱֻۣһȵۻʼǿ߶ԣһ߳ܣͲˣ˿̣Ͼƹ̬ǣȻɱŨ
䣡
ѪⷭӿһֱӶˣѪɫգϾƹѹ¡
һϢʮռȫһ
Ȼһ̽Ĵֺ֮ǰץĲͬƿر
һѪĴǳϾƹǶ£ȴһļµĸоӭֻѪɫ֣ǸоǷ·һѹ
ϼһСģ
Ͼƹ
ȻղϾƹԽâնһѪܹ꣬óʵǳǿʱѪ֣ɵģϾǴ˽ʮˣ̽Ѫɫȷʵֲ֮ܿǰɹٿֲٰ򱶡
䣡
Ѫâ֯ƵѪɫֱһУһУת䵽Ͼƹͷ
Ͼƹ΢΢˫ۣܼ򵥣ҲԵӭϣһѪɫ֡
ʱײһ𶯳Ļ֮⣬һɹɾ˵쫷硣



ռ飬ƿһʯȽԱɻңΪˡ
˶ʱоϢ£·һ̾ͻ顣
һ̣ϾƹڸһƬ⣬ֱ֣ƬռڵĻϢȫʹǶǸоһɣǹɿֲѹֱʧˡ
⡭ǰ˫۵ɵĹԲۻʶƵͬʱȻܳǣټϸղһѪ꣬⡭𾪣Сӣʦòǡڵۻ˰ɣ
⡭ҲҾ֪ôɱ¡
ҲЩԾ
䣡
ǰĿ⽻֯Ͼƹ͵ۻʼѪƣ£ǿĲƬضܱһƵĵ绡֯
ѪӸӱ䣬ɭȻĶϾƹѹµϣѪâͻأǡ
ʱ䣬ķմ飬ϵƲ㶼ֱɢˡ

³ôһ֡
һеѪâǿӿֲƺҪ硣
һϾƹµĵֱӱƬ߶
Ͼƹ΢ۣʼպƽӭѪϣǸǣһʱ貶Ŀ
ɲ£
ʹѪӶʱøɭԶַۻʵĿǱøӵĮ
ַɨԶ죬ĿϾƹϣѪ꿪ڵСЩ򵥣ҪķܣپɱȡӵıԴ


988 Ͼƹնۻ
ѪźַĻͷҲصһϾƹĿøӱͬںڶһ㡣
һѪâǣһƵķӡ֯ʱ䵴һѪɫϾƹУʹǱɫһʱо˸µĲȻѪɫһͨңǺܿµͨ

Ѫ
ʱѪɫһ𣬿ʼϾƹѹ£ʮռһʱ䱻̡
Ͼƹɫƽ⽻֯䣬һɫͼڻ֯ʹԡ
ӡ
ˣ
ɫͼ⣬ѪѪɫײһ𣬶ʱʹѪɫ
ң֮ɫͼƲƺƵĳѪѹȥ
Ѫһݣһͺȣ˵Ѫâ𣬻һѪɫѹ¡
ֻǣϾƹӡ̫ǷһưƣⷽѪ
漴Ͼƹһš
飡
һѪ𿪣漴ɫͼ¡
ͼ˶ɫâְ˷
ѪĿһѪâŨøǿնһϾƹɫͼֱӱ鿪ȥ
ﬣ
̶صϾƹƽͽһһԻ񷡣
Ѫֱ̧֣ץסһķ顣
һʱ֮䣬˶սನͬǾκ˰ɢܵĿռ䲻ϱ飬ָָ֮ûֱ˸顣
ƽ֣
ۡ
ȻҲԾ֪Ͼƹǿ󣬷򲻿ܲôͻɱ壬ǣȴû뵽ϾƹʵϾȻôǿ󣬾Ȼһۻʼǿս¡
ۻʰǿ֪޵·۷ľ磡
䣡
ǰѪâһӿˡ
ַۻϣʱĿⶼԽԽ
ȻϾƹǿ󣬳˵Ԥϡ
ʱַ꿪ڣڣȽ䱾Դȡ
˵ţֱӶˣͬѪһʼǰ㣬ֱֳ̧ץȥ
ѪսϾƹӰȡԴڽ澳ʱ٣Ǵδ˵ıԴǳ򵥣ԪҪɿݣ˶ٸͷˣԴ
ˣ
ӿֱ֣̽츲ǡ
һʱ䣬ֻоͷƤˣַҲǵۻʣһѹ޷
ģСӲȻʦѪսһʱ֡

¡¡ģȫַ̽Ĵֵһʱǰ
ʱֻоʹ֮ͬǰһҲˣȫѹ
ﬣ
ХϾƹѪսͬʱնһ쵽¡
۵һѪˮɽַץĴ־ֱ䱻նķѡ
һĻʹһ⡭
Ѫ֮󣬼򵥵һϾƹַĴҲն
ȻҲǲ죬Ͼƹսһһξȡ
ַΪǰĵۻǿߣһİնֱۣܳ裬ᵽѪһĸо
ҲʱϾƹƽĺѪٴζһƣʩʩȻ˵ǰ
ѪǺˣɫһ˽ʮĵۻʼǿߣʱȴȻڶʱûһʱĽŰʿ
Сܲ򵥣ǳ򵥣Ȼ貵ԶʱҲѰܺȣ
Ѫ궢ϾƹĿɭ
ˡ
ַ
Ƕƽ۹ȻܻǿϾƹĲŰѣӵսˣԶʱҲѰһˡ
ԱߣϼͻĿҲϾƹϣĿ
ˣҸעˡʱһǰϾƹϵıûа㶷־Ѫˣǣˡ
⻰һѪ˵ɫһԵĿⶼǱøӱ
ǶˣϼЦ˵Ҫɱˣ
֪Щһ㣬ע⣬ȻǣϾΨһĵӣΪʦΪɨЩΣӣӦϾƹƽ⣬ҸǻߣԼˣҲԹ˭
⻰һƬռʱһƬž
ۣϾƹСӣʦ㻹Ű
ԼҲЩĿ࣬ۻʰ𰡣ϾƹȻֱԳҪɨˣⲻò𺳡
ϣѪ˶Ͼƹһ̲̽סЦȴЦĺ䣬ܱ
ǲǾãܺͱսϼУ鱾һΣ޵ˣѪϾƹҵȾƬΪӻԪţԽӡԶԶ۷״̬ƾһʱСӣҲҿڳҪɱ˭ֵ
Ȼ͵ۻһΪ޼ԪţǷӡ˼ǽ⿪ӡսƻǿʮǰٱ
ͳ
ҲǰȻ⼸ˣ
ϾƹˣɢǰڷһƵ趯
ˣ̧ͷѪ꣬΢΢һôˡ
£Ϣ䣬ӰֱӳѪǰֱ̽Ӷ׼Ѫꡣ
Ѫ굱һϾƹ˿ֳٶȣ΢ۻʼΪȻûпϾƹôƶģ㡭
ˣ
Ͼƹƽѹ£ɫͼ֣Ѫ֡
ɫͼԭֻһţתۼ㸡ֳڶţ漴ֳţλƣеѪ̼ɫұ䣬һ̣ͼ֣ͻȻоԼڵˣжơ
Զ춯ݣصӡ

ѪŵŵͼҪȫѳȥ
Ͼƹ΢ͼ֣ӣӡ
ʱͼû˵Ѫȴ¶־ɫҲûһʼɭˣϾƹסס֣
ˡ
Ͼƹ
һ̣ͼһ𣬻һɫУѪû
ûаѪˮ䣬Ψһҽ漴ѪʧӰ٣ӡ
ԶʱһѪ꣬һۻǿߣϾƹնˣ
ңնɱḶ́Ȼô򵥣ǡһ㣡
⣬⡭
Ӳûɳ
ʦ
СҶ̲ͯסе
ŮҲϾƹƯ۾һգһգģʶһ
һߣַʱǱɫ
Щ͹㣬еģҪǿַ࣡ĿޱɱȴֻǽҶѣ̫С˵ףķӡûü⿪ԶԶûд۷״̬˵ţһϾƹȥâӿɢϢʱԼƿʼתǿʢʮһڲϱǿǳıԴһҪˣ


989 ۾Ͼƹ
ַһϾƹȻϾƹɱͬΪۻʵѪ꣬ʱȴҲˣϢͬɽ˰תǿʮ
ʱ䣬ƬضΪ֮ζΪַʱɢϢ
Сӽ⿪Լڵķӡˣ

Ȼ֪һ㣬ЩǵϾƹ⿪ڷӡַ꣬ɱȸղŵѪǿ̫ˣϢǿһа㡣
䣡
ַϾƹϢڼתۼȻǿ˶ʮ
һʱ֮䣬ƬȫܲϢˣһƬһƬĴ
ǻԵģǰ벽ۻʼǿߴҲ˲
ϾƹıɢʲôҲһ㣬˿ȥû˿սļ飺ˣѪƶϣָ۷壬ҲʹϻڶصΪ㲻ΪΪܸƬذɣ
˵⻰ϾƹǽǿƽƽȣȴޱȺ嫡
ַĶϾƹϣɫˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϼͻۻ¶ɫ
⡭
˽ʮǿߣһ̶Ͼƹɵ΢¡
Ŀ࣬˵һ
°Ͳûеۻ졭סˣ⵹ΪûмϾͼԷڵۻʾ죬ȵۻ߳ܶࡣʱ֮𾪣ΪϾƹ£֪ϾƹаѣдʱΪȥǷţȻˣϾƹȴ˵ۻ졣
ʲô
⡭ȻϵĺˣƺҲҲ
Щ¡
ϿգϾƹɢźַꡣ
Ҫˡ

֣ܼ򵥣ƽȴʹúַһ
漴һ˲䣬ϾƹӰϢĳںַǰͬԴѪǰ㣬ֱӶ׼˶Է
㡭
ˣ
ɫͼϾƹļԻһģصӣַ֣һɫоֱγɣС

һŵĲҽдۻʼĺֱַӱӡ
Ĳ£ֶΣЩˡ
Ȼ֪ӡ춼ļ£ϾƹʩչֱǿֲϾѪɫѷ㡣
ʦѽ
СҶͯе
ϾƹɢĵЦϼͻꡣ
һҲ䣬ƽռûκ𣬵ȴʹϼͻۻʶһɺ⣬ʱ΢
СˣһΣǹˣ֮󣬾ٴӵ⣬£͵հɡ
ϼ
ͷǵĹ͵Ϊֹɡ
ʱӭϾƹ˽ʮϹŶ÷Ŀ
Ͼƹ˸Ƿһûʲô
˵ռǱˣ⿪ǵķӡɣҵǡ
˵
⻰һϼͻɫһ
ˣһߣû
Į
Ƽǣʱ㲻һֵõʲôá
ϼҲڡ
ϾƹʲôҲû˵ƽˣȻڵǽ⿪ķӡ
ʹۻʵɫøÿǣһ˱ȡ
˶һۣգⱩǣֱ⿪ΪɢϢͬǻɽ緢˰㣬תۼƲ񷣬ʹΪ֮
ɱ
ɱ
ͬʱڣչһڵۻʼͨƺƵĳϾƹѹȥ
ʱûбѡˣϾƹ˲Źǣֻս
ȻսΪǿ
ǵۻʵһء
Ͼƹ
ӭ˼ĵۼͨɫƽӡ壬ϡ
ǰӭڵۻɱ̼䱻һɶ
৵һһ̳ϼǰ
ٶȣϼһ㡭
ﬣ
Ͼƹ̧ͷֱֲָĶϼüģɫâȻŽ
۵һϼĵըһǱӴܶ
һ̣һɫͼϾƹڳͬһɫ㣬˲׷ϼ߳ȥ꣬ƺƵѹ¡
ͣ
һ죬˵ֱͼ·飬ͬһ̰ɢ
תۼ䣬ۻʱն
԰սʮ꣬ȴѹԵĽ֡
Ĳ
ʱϾƹνġ콾ĸֵĺˡĸ֣Ϊ׼ģֻ˲ʸܡ
춢ǰоâ֯һʦһЩԺ
ϾƹƫͷʱסĻꡣ

ͺ
¡һ˵ķǵضǾ̵ĺˮӿһĳӣϾƹӿȥһʱڱϰ˻ģ˾ʮء
СƴˣƺȼһƱԴʩչĳֳ
䣡
Բ֯ۻӿѪȷʵͬԣȼһԴĳִͨǳ£ʹضƺҪ顣
ϾƹɫƽĮ֣ͼ򵥵ѹ¡
ͣ
һ죬֮ͬǰһ㣬ȼһƱԴֱӱӡɢ
һ̣ϾƹԻǰصӡٴԻ

꾪һһ̱Ǳӡֱ֣ɢؼ䡣
Դˣĸۻʣȫն
˻
ݺݵ˿
ȻҲɵļ£ĸۻʣһ⣬Ͼƹβݰնɱ
ֶˣ
ϾƹƫͷŲһαǳԱߡ
СӣΪʦǧɨΣӣûоúܸжʦ
Ͼƹ˵
죺
ϼһǺǰһû
ɵúգϾƹԸΪǲ
ʦѽ
СҶͯԴϾƹĴ۾ǳݵĹʡ
ϾƹСһЦЦƫͷסԱߵİŮвǣ
׼ڣŮ˳ͬСҶͯϾƹʩ
ʦá
Ц
Ͼƹкɣ죺Ҳӣ
Щԣҵӡ
ǣ
·ϼġ
ģ
ġ
Ͼƹ
Ȳ˵ϾƹǾɫɫ˵ϼһôѾۻ죿̫˰ɣ˵ţ˵ڵʱϾƹǲǴˣϾƹԲش£ٴοڣʵڵʱǸʱ㴦ʲô磿
ϾƹΪ磬ʵǾȵĲС
һΣϾƹֱͦӣ벽ۻʡ
̲סۣڵʱϾƹѾڰ벽ۻʾˣ
СӣˡϾƹָ̧һƣϵıúºΪһˡ


990 
Ͼƹ˵ţ˵һһƬ磬ŵԡ
ǣ
춯ݡ
ʱ򣬶ϾƹĹ磬оһĴռ㡣
Ϊﵽ羳֮󣬿ԼԴȶϣһʵС
Ͼƹ
ĵۻС磬һŮӴн
ŮսһȹȥᣬϾƹӼСϾƹᣬ漴Ǵܡ
һζݣȹŮԣϾƹлһĨϲɫ
֪ġ
ϾƹΪߵŮӣ漴Ůӽ졣
æǰŮӹд񣺡ʦ
ȹŮӣϾƹȥĺգǰΪŮӵţϾƹһֱǷϣԾڵʱϾƹѰŮӵһƲл꣬ʱأϾƹŮˡ
ʱ򣬶Ůϵɫޱء
졣Ϲº͵Цֽ𣺡һûѹʱζֺ¼㣬ǳ㣡
ʦˡ΢Ц漴Ͼƹϲ㣬ʦ
ʱûֱϾƹΪϼһ
Ͼƹʵ̫ˡ
ϾƹЦŵͷɫɺɢʱȴ顣
̫ʦ
һСҶͯ˹ͬһд
Щ죬졣
ҸյСӡ
͡
Ȼ¶ЦСһȻݳһɫ
Ͻ֯еϼ⣬Ȼʮֲ
лл̫ʦ
Сһͺ
΢ЦСһСԴ
СҶͯ漴ΪϾƹΪܰŮ
Ůǳ죬ƯϹŷǳЦߣǳֱۣܵͬСҶͯƺ̫ʦ
Ư
̾
ò˵ŮĺΪöǸԵþԡ
У̫ʦƯء
ŮЦĵ
죺
̫ˣһա
һ˾һշǳãǰŮһʱʱܴһЦ
ˣһۣһǵ˰ʱ֡
ˣȥ
Ͼƹʱ
ԶͰŮ˵ЦϾƹĻʱ΢¡ϾƹνĻţȻǻطڣ׳ĵطļҡĸףǸط
š
ͷвɵЩˮ
ȥ̫ˣһ㣬Ѿ͸׷ֱ˰꣬Ȼޱ
̫ϳһܸˣͼλҲһ
Ц
һ죬ϾƹԼٴ
СӣУǵһ԰ȫһ
ϾƹЦ
˵һϾƹϢʧԭء
Ͼƹ뿪ĵطЦЦ
ϾƹΨһĺ񽫻طڣ̫ϳϣһļλϣޱȸˣȻҲǲ⡣
콾Ǵ˽ܣϾƹ뿪ķ̾Ϣˣ֪жϹŶ̾Լһװ¡
һаأҴʱ䶼ǷŵˣȻﵽ˵ۻ졣
ˣε죿
ʦ
СҶͯҲ
ϾƹǰϹŵЦȥʮ󣬲ת
ˣҲ뿪ڣ˵ȥɽ̣һһ
˵ţԹԳǰȥɽ֮һʥš
澳ɹ٣ȥ˽ĳЩԹˡ
һϾƹ𺳣ȻЦ

ŮǻѣͬһֻƮƮĺԱߡ
СҶͯʱʱգ´۾СŸϡ
úɫ⣬ҶͯͰŮһУնС
նУȻǳ죬ΪɽٵĵطѡķǳƫԶ֮󣬴Ǻķһնʱ䣬ǰСҶͯŮһɽǰȥɽһͤ¥ÿһǽ̻ԻͣһɽȺеһͷ㣬һּΪǷϺ̡
ʥţˣ

΢΢ۣû˵ʲôֱӳʥȥ
ܿ죬ʥͥǰ
ʲôˣ
ʥͥǰȻеţ˿ʱӭȥ
һ̣ЩһǱɫϳ졣
㣬㡭
Щ˷ʱ죬ж¶ı飬̲סˡ
Щ̫ʢˣһ߽ɣ⼸ŵĵܻ᲻η壿
˲졭죬֪̫ͨͨϳǣ
Ⱥˣ˷ɿʥڣǰͨڵĴǡ
ɫǵĮƽ˿ҲûǰЩʥŵͨӣһʥڡ
ʥڣʱо˺ܷǷһϵ꣬¶ɻԡ
ǣ
ǡǸˣ
ȻƵʥ
ʥڣһڵӶ˳ı鶼Ǻ𾪣Ҳѿ
ߣ
һ𣬼ƿն
һ̣ŵĵ촳Уһͼ̫ϳȫ˳Ǵ澳硣
ǹСΪʥڤĽڵȿȵ𣿡
ɭеɱڡ
ͬһʱ䣬һľŸ̫ϳĿ䣬ɱ졣
ûʲô𡣡ƽʥźһľŸ̫ϳϣίɱңʮ˶зݵİɣ
ԣһ;Ÿ̫ϳϽǶݣж¶һĨ֮ɫ
зݡ

ҪЩ˵ʲôֻǴЩ˵оԿ顣
ʥż̫ϳ΢˫ۣнǽ֯ɭ⣬һڤĽڣѪɺīԪ֪£֪ˣΣ
ʱûȥǴ񳯵ɱǵ֪£Ϊ֪񳯺ܿ£һǲɱ֣ػǾɱԻܴ񳯵ɱֿе֪ίɱ˵¡ǣ뵽ıֻһ㣬Ǵһ龧ίµڤĽڵȴ֪
˵ʧְˣѾ֧ȴٳûǲɱ֣ʥдһ˿ֱܿñҲûʲôˣȻҲֻ·һ
ﬣ
쵭Į̧֣һָ
Ļ̫ˡ
Į
һָٶȴ쵽㣬գۼǳǰ
ۣ
Ѫһʱ佦üıᴩϵıһ¾סˣ漴ֱͦͦԵȥе˲ϢʧӰ١


991 ɽȫ
£ѪˮüϣЩɫԽһʱʹʥ˽Աɫ
ţ
һʥŵӲɵýԷǵȻһ͵ˡ

ʥŵľŸ̫ϳŭɱ졣죬ʥţȻǵɱ
ɨˣܵĮŲһαǳھǰ޹˼ɣֱһһ˳ȥ
򣬶ɹһ٣Ѿǿ˺ܶ࣬Ȱ벽ǿ߲һƸǹȥ̼ʮռ䡣
ۣ
һʥ̫ϳ϶ʱըѪˮ䡣
ңͬһʱ䣬˵Ҳһ±ĵķ飬ֱ
һĻʹʥŵһʿ𺳡
ǣڡ̫ϳϣڶ찡ȻȻᡭ
һڵӾ֡
һڶصǿߣȻһƾ͸ĵǺεս
һ̣Ȼһ˸̫ϳҲ𾪡֪ڤĽڵȼɣ֪⼸ڶصǿߣȻ⼸ɣǾɱڶصˡǣŵģɱˣȻôףȻֻǿŴһС
䣡
ǿʢܲϯһĵһ̫ϳ϶죬ɫ㣬·Ǻ޲һ㣬һֱ̾ˣΪ¶ţʼһ粽ʹʮռſķ飬رζ
ò˵Щ£ͬľϣԳƵ޵С

̫ϳϺתܣ̽ץǡ
ָ⣬ͬɱһ㣬չ߳΢Сڶ
ƵǸĺܺƴ󡣡
ԶƲ졣
ʦĶֵģ
СҶͯקһȭͷٷ֮ԼʦŶԷκβ졣
һһ˲ûѹطǺܶ˶ĵǶֵŵĵһ̫ϳϣеɱ⾶ֱŨץĴֱøǿ

ʱܵĿռƬ̮Ի˳ɭȻѹ죬ǣƬ쫷硣
ǰĺڷ裬ȴǺƽһĹȥ
͵һ쫷ɢɢʥһ̫ϳֱ̽ӷ飬漴ȫ¶Ĵ¡
㡭
ۣ
Ѫһĵһ̫ϳֱӱĵķ顣
ϣ
̫ϳϾ
ವһ˸һĨĵһ̫ϳϵɳٳԶȥ
Ͼ죬ûô
쵭Į
˵ţָᵯһɫһƴϣ۵һʥŵĵһ̫ϳϵķ顣

ϣ
⡭
ôܣ
һŵ߸̫ϳϸɫ䡣һǿߣˣɱˡ
߸ǿߣʱ죬ж¶˿־ı顣
ǲԼŵ׷ɱҼҲͰˣȻ⼸ɺίоϵɱңͦá

ƽȴһֵĮ⡣
ǰα񳯴ɱζҲ㺦СҶͯҲһɱԺҪʱǿɱѹǺܲˡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ʮɫâڳֱնǰ
Ƚɫâ򵥣콣߶ÿһǷǳ£ÿһ̺żΪ˵ɱ⡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
棬ʣ߸ʥ̫ϳֱ˱նѪȾա
ʣµĸ̫ϳϾŭӣٳԼһĻڴ͵Уһɱ
ֻǣȻ뵽ɱôвĵתۼǱȫķ顣
ˣ
ûʲôĻӡصͼһԻǰѹ¡

һֵʥŵһ̫ϳϱͼ֣һΪ̼ȫ⣬һĵй½
㡭
ۣ
ݻȪʥһʥһ̫ϳնķ飬Ҳһ
ƫͷסһ̫ϳϣֻͼûа飬ĳѹ¡
ס֣һжá
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըʥ漶̫ϳϱն
һʱ䣬ʥųװ
⣬⣬⡭
ܣһʥŵĵӿ־壬ɪɪ첻סĺˡ촳ʥźŹȥãһ;Ÿ̫ϳϣȫնָоͷ·ڰβһ㣬ôܻ᲻Щͨӿ־壿
˾ֵĽͷߣʥȥͬɥ֮Ȯ
ವͣһȻǴĳҲʼӶݡ
һ̣һûһҪֿػţΪȫûκ壬콫һŸ̫ϳϣڴ͵ȫٵˣЩܹʲôҪȥֵֻȫɱ
תۣʥŵһڵӺִ³ȫʥţԶ
ܵĿ졣
Ʋ졣
쿴Щ˶ߣûɱ֡
кˣȥʥúȡƷڵ͸ȣȡ˽ӽ龧ȫ뵽ʯ֮С
һģתһصץʮڼصǿ֮ѹɴС
߰ɡ
˵
ɫ⵴ҶͯͰŮϸ߿գֻͼٴγ𣬳·ʥ׹£ըһ޴Ģƣʹʥķѡ
ɨưܲʥţǵĮСҶͯŮ뿪
ȥռڡ
˵
٣
ЦĴɫһԡ
֮󣬲ûйȥãһ˳ںռ⣬ǰûаڣֱȥ;һͨһ
󣬲ûйȥãռڴŭ;һµܲ֯һͨĺռڵӶݳĳԶȥڷ
תۣһʱȥնռһһ̫ϳϣȡһĵ̱龧ȣڳһص׵ʮ漴뿪
ȥɭ̡
˵
һ죬ע̫ƽգ߳ռں̲ɭ̣ɸ𵺣ûа飬ί񳯴ɱ⼸̵ĸһ˺̫ϳȫն漴ȡ߼ɽ̵е龧ȣҽɽ̵ֻ֮ͼݻ١
Դˣʥţռڣɭ̣ɸ𵺣ɽȫƬԱ߽⡣
ֻһ֡



992 ݷҦ
ЦʥŵɽΪĵڶεȫ߽⣬ɾԱڤĽڵȴɱʱҪ޴Ķࡣ
һȥ֪ᾪ°ͣȻƬǼҲһ
˵
Դ˵˿Ҳ⣬ʱƽŲӣСҶͯͰŮһһҵĸԱߡ
룬ٵʥźͺռڵɽ̣õĶǲ٣ʮ龧ǧƷʮڣȸʤһڴ󱦲ء
ȻǴ󱦲أǶԷں𻯵Ŷԣڵ˵Щǵ㲻ʲôûʲô;
һţԵİŮʵ˵ҪҶã
Ҳ֪
Ůҡͷ
죺
ʵںЩԣȴվ˵ʲô
ԭһʼСҶͯٸ߿գֱԶȥŮֿǵ뵽ŮʱίʱĪľﲻôҪôһΣʱǻ۷ؽŮߣջǴ뷨ΪǷǸԼҲڡ

ﰵ
ЩʱĲӵûͣ£ƽĳǰߡ
Сӣȥģ
ʵ
룬¶Щ΢⣺ȥҦһ˰ɡƿҦҵϿر֮ǰ㵽澳ȥҦҽҦҽʱˡ
ۣһ٣ʲôȥġҦҾ֪ƿǵĿرΣڻκε㣿˵ڱֲҦġ
̹ѡ

ƲƲ죬ٶ·˶ٺ˵ȥҦҺ󣬸үԴʯȥүҲý澳
úúá
ڵ
£һҦҶȥ
Ϊûʲôż£УûնУǼ򵥵ŲӣߵҦȥ
طҦҵǺԶ߹ȥĻŵûϾʱ䡣

֪
ͷ
˸ǷĸСſԴȥ
ǺСҶͯͰŮһͬͨһɽ
ˣʱһαչȥ
һ죬ʥŵɽ̻ٵ±˷֣̼䴫Ϊ֮𶯣֮ûãͨɽ̶߳ȥһͨǣƬȻ֪ʥŵɽ̶Ǳ١
ڤĽڵȼ֮ʥŵɽҲ
ˡֱ̫ˣ
ɽ̿Ƕǿ򰡣ˣôģ
ʿ𺧡
ǰЩӸɽ̣ڤĽڣѪɺīԪĸɣһˣڶ̶µʱٵƬľŸ󴫳С
Ƭ磬֡Ǿʹ˸ıˣֱǡʱĸ档
ϱǿ߸п
һʼɽ̣ڤĽڣѪɺīԪ߽⣬ȻģȴƬнʲôӰ죬Ͼ⼸ƬĵεĴܺȵɻʮ֮ࡣʥŵɽһ𱻸ЩˣΪɽƬڶεĴҾһ𣬵ǳϲˡ
£
ʿ૵
Ƭÿһʿĵط̸£ͬһʱ䣬ӰȻǱŵ޸ߴ˸η壬νʢ
ʱŰŮСҶͯҦȥ;ȴûô⣬ʼղ䣬Ҳɽˮ
ˣתۼչȥ
һ죬һƬ嫵ɽǰȥƬɽݺᣬͬһͷͷڴϵĲƺܾˣһַ֮ơ̧ͷӣƬɽλãһ޴ɵʣһͥ󣬴һֹϺͲɣҲż£һ֪ڵޱȵƾá
Ҧˡ

ͷѾǰɵͥǸġҦ֡
ʱҦŽĹرţмǿҦӵ⣬࣬ʹ˸оŸĿ·Ҫ˰㡣
ȻŴš
йŹ֡
ҦĴƽռ䣬ͥӦʼճģҹʱҲ⣬ҦҴȴôıţЩ졣
ҲЩ֣ȴû˵ʲôƶŲҦȥ
ܿ죬Ҧǰ
ʲôˣ
˿Լһ壬Ҧһļӵܶʱӭǰʡ
ܿ죬Щ˶ݣϳ졣
㣡
ЩƬ򴫵̫ʢˣû˲֪졣
ʱ죬ҦȴӵܣҲŨŨļɵ
¶ƽ͵ЦǳǸЩһļ鷳Ϊͨ¡˶٣ֵ򣬿ҦҵҦ˵ǰݷáһƬµżȹҦһĴҦҸ˶ԷţԷӦûܼǵ
ᵽҦҦҼӵܶǶݣǣ幫ѣ
ǰɡ
˵
ҦҼŵӵЩɣһ˶Եȡ
˻ҲǺܿҦͥƿһ϶ٳҦȥ
ǰʱ΢ݡ
͸ҦǸƿķ϶оҦڵЩҡ
üҦӵܣվˡ
֮󣬵һСʱȥʱҦͥһ毺õŮӿ첽˳ҦһĴҦٳ˹
ǰҦԵЩ죺ˣ
ǰʱ䣬ȹͬйһ·ʱ˵úҦҰݷãʱΪڿЦڽգȻˡͬһʱ䣬ҲžɫΪȺ߽ڤĽڵɣǰǽʥŵɽ̴ݻ٣¶Ѿ˵ˣ˿̼죬Щ£ȻǷǳľȡ
˵ټġ쵭ЦݷǼĵ¡
ĵ£
Ҧɡ
ҦҵĵλӦΪɣ
ҦȻ֪쵽ʲôģȴǵͷҸףΪȻס˵鷳£ףλ壬̫ϳԼڶһƵõЩʱȴȥɣȻΪѰһס˵⻰Ҧ¶һĨɫ
кСҶͯŮһ𣬸Ҧ󣬺ܿȥҦڡ
Ҧ̬ǳȴûЩʱ뵽ҦڲĸоҦڵǳҡ
Ǽĵ⣿
Ҧ


993 ּɾԴ
ĻҦʱһ
ô֪
̲˵ĲҦȷʵǸ⣬ǰЩӣص׵Ǳûͬǻһ㣬ҪܣңǲסйﱾЩĴ𲻵ʲôáΪˣ֮£ҦֻǼһڴͬʱ֣ԼһЩֹӣֹй
ûпº˵һҲһȥ
ѹҦһŴţԭ¡

Ҧͷ漴죺а취𣿡
죬вɵôϣɫŴ̫ʢˣңҦҵһ˲Ǽҵĸǲǳ⣬ȻǿһЩʲôа취Ҧҡ
쿴ӭϣ˵ӦܰɣӦôܷҿǵĵʵϣƿһ⣬ܼ򵥾ܽңΪվҲ̽ѰҦҵĵص׵ȻҦҰݷãûҦͬ£Ȼȥ̽Ѱ˼ҵĸǺܲҦҡ
Ȼԣûģʹȥ
ҦǳΡⲻΪǿ󣬸Ϊ쵱ȹھˣûɲΡ
С
ͷ
̽ѰҦҵĸȴǸҦҦȥ
ŮЦĸԱߣҶͯĴܣſͷ
ܿ죬һ˸ҦҦҵһʯǰʯвҦǿء
Ŵ򿪣æ
Ҧһ˵
Ҧڵĵطܲһ㣬ҦǿȻɣ㶼ⷽʯĵŴ򿪡
С㣬룡
һ˵
Ҧͷһʯڡ
ʯʲôҲûУΨƱӡܣ鲼ʯҦ뵽ʯڣʱǸо˷ǳŨҦҪŨ࣬ͬʱҲӻңǿˮڷڰ㡣
ңʱҲתۼͿʯʮӰѪܻǴڰ벽澳ÿⶼеڽ֯š
ͬһʱ䣬ʯڵʮȻҲע⵽ҦһˣĿⶼϣ΢ݣЩ죬Ȼ֪Щ¡
ڣǣף죬֮ǰȹҵˡ
Ҧʮ˽ܵ
ʮˣ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
СѣǰʱҦѾͷʵǶлˡ
Ҧ洩һϮۣʱȶ쿪ڡǰʱ䣬ҦԴµż߳ҦҵЩ¡
Сѣָм
ҦҼҲڣΪһˣΪڰ벽澳磬ǳл⡣Ůݶ˵صúܡ
ͬʱҦĳҲĿڣлΪµҦҦһܳˣҦҵش
ҡͷЦÿ
ҦҦҼʮʱڳʯ·ȻһʩͬҦ˵ǰ㣬غάĵ
Ҧһصעһ죬ЩǸ˵СѣʵЩ⣬Ǵʱʱ޷룬ܽӴ㣬ϷҦΪ׼õĿͷСգϼգϷ
Ҧ洦ھ죬ΪǳǿᣬʱȴǷǳĿⲻֻΪȹҦΪڵͷʵ̫ˣһ˾ͶԸʥŵɽ̣սǿңΪҪǣᣬˮ׼ĳɾʵνǲˣҦȻǲǰʲôӡ
ҦҼҲڣǸ⣬ʱάĸ޷ͻȻȥһǿгȥܻͻȻӡ
λǰˣ⡣
˵
˶ȻԱ˸
ڣǣףæģ˵԰ﵽǡ
Ҧʱڡ
⻰Ҧ˶жݣ졣
ҲܰﵽһЩæϴŵЦҦˣ˵ڴ֮ǰȿһĵ֪ɷ񣿡
Ҧж΢죬ܰﵽǣ
û⣬ȻԡҦ濪ڣ˵ΪСѿһǽ󡣡ҦʱȻڼȹҦҵĵǿһǽǿԼģºֱӶ֣һȦܿΪ˽һǣСѣˣһǷ϶űߵλãС̽±ɡ
һԷǳҪ֮һǲ˹ۿģʱҦȴûԥһΪʵǷҦľˣҦȷʵЩͷۣϣܰﵽǡ
ͷʶûҦҵصףת۱ǷʮܴСȻʮȱͨʱЩ·Լʶ㣬ڷ𶯣ҪҦܣңܵķһ£ҦΪĵλãǳҪȥһ㡣
ʹ΢˫ۣһƹ⽻֯ϣҦҵλȥ
Сѣ㡭ʲô
ģҦ治ɵÿʵ
оȥƺǷʲôߡ
ЩͷӰص׵
⻰һʱʹҦһڴǶ¶ɫ

⡭
ǿ󷨻壬ʲôȻӰ쵽ĵ
˭Ҧң
ЩҦƺûеʲô˰
ʮҦҴü
λǰˣⲢΪ
˵
ʹҦĲٴǶݣΪʲôӰ죿
ҦǱȽϹһ㣬ʱ죬Щ
ǣСѣɷа취嵱ǰ
ʱͬһʼҦ㣬ϲɵøŨŨϣ
һԣʵ̫Ҫˡ
ͷЦԡ
˵ţ΢΢һŵ׵޾ӶͨҦΪ򿪵ĽҦ϶û뵽ҦҵصףһȦȦҦҵ֮ڣܿʹʮð
ƿΪִﵽ澳磬ѹȹһЩҵȻܼ򵥡
ʱҦ˽һ𣬶Ǹоȫȶ
⡭
ʱ򣬶죬Ҧһڴ𾪣һʱ侹˵л
һǰʮǿߺķôʱ䣬ʩ˸ֶҲûȫȹסԴЩͷöȻվԭֻȣǾͽһС
𣡡
ҲʱһŷŭҦλͬһͷŭ˹ˣҦǿ߶ɵһ
ȻۣҦλãɾԴҪɱ仯ˡ


994 ɾԴ
Ŷλã΢ۡ
֮ǰ̽ѰҦҸʱҦҵص׵ڳλôܣƹ⽻֯˫λãԼӦԴϢңǺ͵ڵֳɾ˵ԴһϢҸӵľ
ˣʱǲ²⣬һɾԴڸնȡҦҵĸӶʹҦص׵ңͣй˿̣ŭǵɾԴƵϢŨǳ׿϶ԼĲ롣
ǣ
ҦλãʱǸӦһޱǿʢܲͬʱҲоһǿѹȻҦ涼΢Щľ
ݣһ¾ʹͷֱֱλãСӣϢڵʱҲӦɾԴϢϢȻǻӡ󣬴˿̲ƵԴϢȻǲµλôǵŭпܾһɾ˵ԴңȵɾԴˡ
ҲʱҦҶλٴδɭԴϢŨЩ£ñ˭նйصˣ
ǳƴͬǾһ˶Ĥ΢΢Щ顣
ıʱֻȹҦҵĸȣֻԴɾԴȡҦҵĸԭûԶԷôȻѹԷǵȰԴвС;ǱϾѾǳɾ˵Դ˶ʶѾһˣΪԷȡҦҪԷԴͻ˶ԷǶٻԵЩ̡
ǣʱ򣬶ԷĻȴֱɱ⣬˴ѵ⣡˭ֻҪ붯е뷨Բа飡
ס
ĵ
˵ţԹ߳ҦʯһԶҦҶλȥ
ȻĻ˫۶ʱޱٺٴЦ漴СҶͯͰŮ£ҦϿգ
⡭
ȥ
ߣ
ҦһڴڿնҲ򶫷λá
ĮնѣһɣֻתۼҦλһɽϿգƹ⽻ֱ֯һȭɽºȥ
䣡
һȭƴͬʱ֯ǿ;˵ƺ֮
ʱ䣬ձ飬·ĴɽҲֱӱķѣ̳
һĻǡڴӲԶҦǿУһǺݺһ¶ɫ֪ϸǲɵöݣһȭЩֲ
ͬһʱ䣬һԴɽ𣬰Ź嫵ܣһͷɫȻֻʮɳϢȴޱȾŨЩˡ
ǣ
ԴϢѵǡɾԴ
С֮ǰᵽɾԴ
Ҧǿݡ
ôһ
СҶͯУǰɫɵ÷
СûʶԴɾ֣˸Ӵ򲻵һ顣˵ȴǹٺֱЦô׬ദôʱ䣬Ƿǳ˽ƢˣشĵߡɾԴҪɱߵˣѾõԻᱻĨʶʱֻʣ´ĳɾԴľ
һڴ󱦲أ
𣡡
ǰɾԴٶͬһ㣬ͫһƬѪ죬ɭȻ
࣡űĺ£
죬ܲпᡣ
ĿŲһΣ˲ǳɾԴǰһѹ¡
һֱˡ
㡭
飡
һ죬ɾԴֱӱӿиһƳ鵽˱Ĵɽ¡
̶ٴ𣬳ɾԴŭԴɽ³
ֻһٴγǰ̧һƳ
һɾԴŸոճٴα¸߿գԵޱǱ
⡭
żϼأһɾԴǰ벽ǿ֣߳ҲܹԸˣ֮޵УڣɾԴȴǱ
СѣѵȰ벽ǿ߻ǿ𣿣
Ҧǿ𺳡
Ҳǲ죬Ȼǿ󣬵ʱûʩչκֶεȴô򵥵ѹƳɾԴʹɵЩɡ
һ̣к¶һĨâ뵽Щʲô֪ˣԴѾɱ仯ε׶ΣΪؼһҪⲿҼսᱻѹƵһܵ͵ĳ̶ȣʱԵЩ˵ţҦǿɵǻȻѹ֣ѹһɾԴɾ͵͵ȡǼĸֱӹȥᣬԭ
ĻҦǿɵöݡ
⡭е
Ҧ
һ룬ԳɾԴʵۣǴȫʢʱڣҪȡֱɱҦڱУҦҵ治ܵסԷҪô
бҦһۣ˵ʲôк񣬸ô
𣡡
ǰɾԴŭ𶯣һγ
ǣŸոճֿ˹ٴ֣һƽ鵽˳С
࣡ȴǲٳ𣬶ŵ棬Զ߶ȥٶȿЩˣ´ټضȡȻնйصˣ
ԶԣԼ
߿գǚiһգת۱ǳڶ߳ȥĳɾԴǰ̧𣬺ݺһڳɾԴͷ­ϡ
ʱ䣬һɾԴֱߵ˸߿ϣƬ⡣
̧ͷŲһΣ˲ֳɾԴǰֱһȭͷӳ
飡
ɾԴɣǱ
Ⲣ꣬廹ûסʱӰٶȳϣһȭϡ
һʱ䣬ϻص鵽ߵǱ㣬붼
࣡ٴŭ𣬲һΣȴһɼΪֲѹɢ˳ֱһɿ񱩵쫷磬Ϣһڽڵɱ仯εĻᣬɱ㣡
£ϵϢøӿ£һڳŵĻɽͻأ˰㡣
ԶлһĨâү֪ɱ仯εĹؼʱ̣ѹƵһ͵ĳ̶ȣ˵ţ΢΢˫ۣҲǹãݴԣԴɾɱ仯һҲþǧУǧŬһ˲䣬ֱɢˡ
𣡡
ǰɾԴɱ仯ελᣬǿȫʢʱһʱ䣬ǵǿʢӿƬռһıѣ̮
УԽԽǿĳɾԴ˿䣬ĿĮ
䣡
ƺƵɾԴɢϢøӿֲڴﵽһ㣬˰ɳһͷ˰㡣

ɭȻɱ񷣬һֻ޴צѹ¡


995 ʥʯ
޴צգڴͶһĨӴӰҲ֪˶أ񱩵Ϣռ䶼ڻζԻ֮Ƴɱ¡
һʱ䣬Ҧǿ߽Ǳɫ
Сѣ
Ҧ̲ס
ʱ򣬳ɾԴµһצʵ̫ڿˣо㤡
䣡
ǰܶһУĥС
޴צתǰ
ɱ㣬̫ˣɱ󣬱ҪߵҲһѣ
ɾԴɭȻ
ʱаɶ೤һȻ鸩졣
գɫø䣬ֻͫʿʼ仯ƻ֯
ۣ
ۣĿֻǱܿ˳ɾԴɱһצ漴̽һƹּ䣬ֻ޴צϡ

ʱ䣬̶Ĳҽ𣬳ɾԴ
ʹҦҵǿ߶һͨİ벽ʿҪǿĳɾԴһצ죬Ǳױܿ󣬾ƮƮһ£Ĳҽָоͺʿ걻شһ㡣

ôǿ𣿣ȥͶʮ갡ȻȻıȰ벽ǿ߻ĳɾԴ˲ҽС
⡭
ҦǿĲС
ܿ죬Щ˿˫ۣ˽֯ϵơ
۾
ϣѵǡƣ
żйأҿȷʵƣǡеֶΣ
ʱҦʮﳹײˣ˫Ǹо㤣𾪣һʱ䣬һͬľܵһ㡣
ƿϴ
Ҧ΢
ǰɾԴӴҽֱκƽϢЩ
࣡ʲô
ŭͬʱ޴¶Щ֮ɫڸղţֻƮƮצϣȴʹ
ʶĥһ֣
̧ͷ۽֯ƻһĮĳɾԴɵһֻоԼ˲䱻͸Уƺһһ˫ͫס
ɾԴܿǷŭһȥŶʮ࣬Ȼһ¡
𣡡
ӿ֯ӿֲɱ⣬ƺƵĳѹǶ¡
תۼ䣬ɱ⽫Уͬһס졣

ɭȻȿɱǾֱмѹ£ȻҪСɱ⣬ޱȿ£ɱ벽ǿߡ
УȻܹɱĿ£ıû˿ı仯һ̼俴Уֲƣһĳ
͵һѹ£ɱ⾶ֱ飬̻ͬһɢɿա
һĻʹҦһڴٴ𺧡
ǵɱն벽ǿߣȻô׾͸ˣ
ʮǲš
ȻǳɾԴԼҲһ޴ͫײɵԲ
ܣ
ŭ
̧ͷĮһת۱ɾԴǰһѹ¡
ղţɾԴɱȷʵ£ۣҲ޷ܣϾɾԴǿ󡣲ܲɵǣɾԴվԴƿصɿشƣԽɾԴ
ڱǰɾԴ֮޵Уһ˶ϣֻǶ漶ԣͬʱʩչۺƵ£ͷɾԴǵ治ʲôһԾѹƶԷ
ˣ
֣н֯ƹ⣬ֱڳɾԴͷ­ϡ
ʱɾԴݺһٴη̶Ĳҽ
㡭㵽ʲô
ִС
ʶֱĨһ֡
ԣһڴѣ
Զۣƿͳɹ޳۵СӶԣﵽ澳󣬳ɾԴ治ʲôˣۺһʩչ澳ǿΪѹɾԴ
СҶͯУСֻѵؽеʦѽ
ǰһɾԴ־ŭǳǿʢԴɱ⡣
Դɱ⻯һѹ죬һƬƬռ䡣
ڴˣȴͷҲ̧нƣһƾ͸ĵķ顣
ǰͷаɳĳɾԴĿһƬʱˣסԷһ̼佻·һϾ㽫ͷɾԴһ䣬ʹöԷٴηĲҽңͬһʱ䣬תۺ澳ǿΪͷɳĳɾԴָѹʮɴС
ɾԴҽͣȴûκãѲƵķסˣתۼ¶Ȼҵı顣
ʱǷˣƺƿܹȫ
㡭ס֣Źң
ʼġ
ʱ򣬱ƲסѲˣˣֻǳġ
һʹòԶҦǿ𺳣һͷǿĳɾԴͨİ벽ǿ߶Ƕ֣ȴǳŶʮ쿪ġ
ͷɾԴĿԭûҪԸ㣬ûҪôޱ˶ҵΣյ뷨Уɱ
䣬һųɾԴ뷢貹â㡣

ɾԴҽС
ۣչƣּ߽ɾԴʶ
ɾԴҺϧȴû˿ãҲѲȥ
ɫĮסɾԴƺһ𶯣Էʶ
漴һ̣ͻȻɫ΢䣬¶һĨɫ
ʱƺ߽ɾԴʶĹУڶԷʶпһ޴ĴɽȣɽһʯֲһɫʣϸӡһƷĪۡ
ǡʥʯ
΢
ʥʯһżϿȻʯƷΪƷʥ
н֯âû뵽ɾԴʶпһʥʯ
ֵǲƣ
˶٣ȥɾԴûȡɽеǿʥʯȻǿƣɾԴͻƽȥֻԶԶ˹ڵʥʯ
ܺã
һеľâŨ
ƿƷһѰʥʯ󣬱ǿκһƷΪƷʥʱսֽһء
΢΢һɾԴٱʲôת£ҲǼ࣬ڳɾԴһҽУ˶Էʶ
ʱ򣬳ɾԴɴţȴûʼǵѹˣеֻŨԴ
ˣ
Ҧǿ΢
ʱǶ죬ɵöһĵһɾԴȻô򵥾ͱʶõǶôĿ£õǺε죿
ŮУ죬ƯĴ۾ʡ
ԶۣϵϢʱƽͨ˰㡣
ɨ۱ĨȥʶĳɾԴˣԼ


996 ɽȡʯ
Ļʱ໵ĺٺЦŮСҶͯ͵Աߣֱӻһ⣬һͷ˱ĨȥʶĳɾԴڡ
ɲǼ䣬ϵϢʼڽ
أˬ
һǺ
ɾԴɱͨԴҪǿ࣬һ򵥵ĳɾԴܱȵͨԴɾԴѾǴﵽɱ仯εĽ׶ΣǱһĳɾԴҪӾˣϸϸȽϵĻӦֵܹͨԴܺ͡
СҶͯͰŮûȥɾԴϾѾﵽ澳磬ɾԴѾû̫áͬʱҲûСҶͯȥΪǰʱСһѾ˲ԴֱӴʶȥɳɾԴ̫á
ˣ
ǰڳɾԴ֮ڣ֯Ϣϵ
ʱʱЦһ㶼ġϾط커ûеĵıҪ
⡭
һҪɱ仯εĳɾԴˡ
ǡݳޣ
Ҧǿľ
ҦĿϣǾݣ졭ʵ̫ǿˣ
վһߣעΪ֮
ˣܿʱȥ
һ̣ɾԴ˸ɾΪֱӴӴ˴죬ɢϢǿˣ⽻֯ŷǳŨе
ʹ죡
ЦκСɻصԱߡ
Ϊ죬սǿ࣬ңΪǵڶ£ǺޣսȻǷſնɱһʿ
ϲ֣ҦȻǿΪһȻù¡֮ҦΪףҦһڴﶼ΢΢ʱĵлСѣһΣǶлˣ
λǰˣǿɱҴࡣ
æ
Ƕ飬޹ء
Ҧҡͷ
ʮһվֱ塣
죬лл㣡
Ҧڣл
쵭Цҡͷ漴ЩҦ档
ʵϣǰݷãЩ͹һ
Ҧ
˵ţ΢ߣһڱ֣תۼһ
ʱ䣬Ҧɫ
ǣ
ֻһۣҦǿ˳ǿرҦҵ
죬ɫôܻҦҵĿر
ٴοڣûԼõرĹ̼˵¡ȻֻԼһĹõĿرĹĹû˵رǹ屦ԣ룬Ӧǰһ
ĻҦҵǿ߶ǳĬǲɵЩ˸
üô˵СӿȾһ飬ְҦҶɹһѣĪǻֵʲôֵʲô£˵ףżȻõûǽ͵ıҪ
ˡҦæҡͷĿرΪСƿأҵȷʵܾȣ˵ʵҵǰ֪£ӦǻС㶯֣ϧһд۶رҦ̹ϣֵ񣬾ôЩ£Сδҵǲ᲻֪ô𱨡
֮ԴʱĬΪΪҦ̾ϢΪСᵽĹһֱϵˡҲѵõţǣΪһЩìܣգѣ˺Ҳûл
жݣҲȻ˼֣ѹֵһһĹеĶҦҵطرԭĹĹҦҵĺˡ
Ǹ֪꣬£֪ĹйأΪ˷ֹĹĹʬΪͨˣĹٵˡ
ǸûȥѯҦνҦ˺ìܡ
Ҧ֣û£Ҳãֹй¶
ٴǸ漴ֿڣɫŵرᴫκˣȻǺˣҲᴫ¡
ҦлһĨâǵͷлСѣرҦҺҪƿ˿رȳŵǸӷġ
һϣ򵥽ת۱ǰӹȥɫ
ȥ׼硣ҦҦҼȻ죬ܿСѣͼգδ΢΢һЩʾ
ãǾʹˡ
ͷ
ƽ͵Ľر⣬ҦҶҲǺܿʱʢͣȻܾǻԵЩ̫дˡ
죬ҦҴھӭ죬ҲζʾлһҦҴȺ쾴ơϾҦҵζɶСһǾǵ飬һθǰҦұס˼Ĵ
ͬһʱ䣬ҦҵһЩſҲСǰ쾴ƣжǴغͳ羴죬̫ǿ̫ˣֵóǵľ⡣
ȻǲԳд󣬵Ƶˣ߲ܣӭ
Ӣ۳갡СѣϷɵøоһƺǰ׻һ㡣
Ҧп
ǰʵˡ
ǫѷ
һֱҹʱ֣漴ҦΪѡõĿͷ
ҦʱסʱʱʱҦ۷̸ò˵Ҧ˻Ĺãоܳ㣬Щ۷ΣҲЩջ
֮󣬺ܿʱȥҦͣա
һ죬ҵҦˣ׼ˣƻҪ
ҦǿԭȥѾҲûж˵ʲôһڴԽ͵⡣
СѣӭʱҦҡ
ҦЦŵ
ҦҴţʱС򿪣ӭʱͣ
ҦҼһЩҦҴҲǷ׷׿ڡ
ͨЩӵദҦЩǷ֣紫е׿׺ݲȻʵޱǿ󣬵ΪȴǷǳǫѷ춼ǷǳкøС
лλǰʢ飬лᣬȻš
л
Ҧһڴʩһ漴ǻˣֱ˳Ҧ֮һ󣬷ڿնСҶͯͰŮкһ𣬳Զȥܿʧʾͷ
Ҧվ⣬ԶȥıӰɵͷ
콾ж
п
ǰ
Ҧͷ

뿪ҦңٶȲСҶͯͰŮֱƬλöȥ
Сӣȥģ
ʵȥضҪȥĵط
Ƭλдɽȣпʥʯȥ֮ȡ
ûǳɾԴʶĻ˵˳


997 ʥʯ
Ļʱݡ
ʥʯȷ
Ȼ֪ʥʯʲô
Ȼ

˵⻰ʱûͣٶҲûб䣬ֱλöȥ
֮󣬴Լȥһʱ䣬ƬλãɾԴʶеһЩɽǰ
ȥɽԵñȽϿտһɫĴʯżԿͨڳɫʯıԵڶ

ʵ
ͷǰһ˶ٺ󣬽űߵһȭͷʯǰ
ʯֱڷɣڸûɽڵһɲǣк͸ɱԻ̼ʹʯ鱻˻ҽ
ǿĽƣ⣬һİ벽ǿҲ״ȥɣ
졣
ɽȱԵɱֻԻɲǣȴܸоܿ¡
ΪǳɾԴΪûнеʥʯȡߣ

üǣа취ȥ
ЩѶȣܽȥ

˵ţŵӣһƵĳɽڳȥ漴ͬһʱ䣬˫ͫ仯ֱۣʱ䣬һС
ЩȻ磬ͨԿ˿̣ۿЩ磬תĸ죬Ҳƻ⽣ϸ΢ĽǶȽЩƻ
ܿ죬ӹȥ
ˡ
˵
ʱɽеһȻɱȫն飬ɽȻ߽⣬ͨˡ
ģ
ʵ
ûж˵ʲôűһʯ
һΣʯ뵽ɽ֮ڡ
ǰһûˡ˵ţ죬ĵС԰벽ǿ߶κεȻƣ㻨Ӿƽˡ
ó£ۿԿ磬ı㣬⣬ұҲ߽׼ĿʦЩۺҪƽȻ

˵ţûгɣ¿粽ⷽɽȥ
ŮСҶͯһһҸߣǻƵĴ
ܿ죬һɽȣһ߳ɡ
ʱɽںһͷͷ˸ߵѪǣԼͷÿһͷɢźѪȵҲ̫ǿ¾Ϳվ
ö࣡
Ůۡ
ȡЦôСˣ
Ůգգۣҿ
⻰˼ɾͺˣһ˵ǡ˭

ȫҶ
˾䡣
Ůգۣô֪

ֶЩˣʵǰܸŮ
бһһһۣû˵ʲôǰȺ
أ
ѪͫѪĹâɭɭȻĶһʼ׼ɱ
СҶͯ壬ǺĽһġ
ޣһˣ˸Ӵ򲻵һȥ
ɫںڵġ
ǰȺǷһͺһ붯ˣȫһ
ЩѪǺһͷһܶƵҲЩ
ԱߵСҶͯСһֱӶɱѪȺ
ѽʦ㡭
СһС
ȶӵ£ܰǴ򵹶١

ЩѪȺճڼͷһ𣬶ͨ˵ǳ£СҶͯȥͬʱҲ뿴Сһļʲô̶ȡ
أ
ǰȺ˻ȫСҶͯ
ѽ
СҶͯŵӣҵܣСȭͷʼȺ
ԶۣСӣͷЩͷ˰ɣ
䣬Ӣšңʲô
˷ۣû˵ʲôǰСҶͯ
ĿһֱǰȻҶͯȴҲСһµˣϾΨһĵӡ
ѽ
Ҵ򣡡
Ҷͯȭ
СһģѪȺ
ˣת۱һʱȥ
ѽˣʦ
СҶͯе
ʱ򣬵Ϻ˵ŴԼʮͷѪǣվһĴȫǱСһóȭû˷վѾվһ̣СһԼҲǷǳǱһںۣ˲ˡ
찵Ե˵ͷҲ֪ˣᵯָһĨɫʱɳСһ֣γһ̵ķĻʱ򣬿Сһ˵塣
һʱʱ䣬СһʶΪվг棬ʮͷò˵սܾˡ
ԴˣΪʦȻǷǳ⡣
ɫ⻤СҶͯ⣬Ѫ˹ȥͱķ飬

ʱڣѪȺŵĴѹ
ʱѪȺһͫжǸֳ־ı顣壬ʱԴ켶ɢȻηĺܡһ̣ЩѪǶˣ˳һξȫβͷӡ
תۼѣѪ˸ɾ
Դû⣬ǰȥСҶͯԱߡʱСҶͯϵѾָ˴룬Ͼ漶Ϊ߳ܣȻܾˡ
ʦ´ζҳȥʱǵȸһѽ
СҶͯԴ죬Щί
ݸСһһ¡
߰ɡ
˵ǰȥ
СҶͯ˿̵ѾȫҪˣĽɫ֮£ǱøǿʢЩʱǰɽȵĸλȥ
СҶͯ˹ӣæСŸϡ
ŮһֱԱߣǻƵ´Ʈǰ
ܿ죬ǰ·ǳɾԴʶѰܿⷽɽԼɴ
ˡ

طܵĲľЩϢŨǰȥһɫʯڵϣԼȭͷС羧Ө֯һ硣
ʱ˫ۣʥʯ
֣żҰʷȻ֪ʥʯǸʲôӡ
н֯⣬һǿ˹ץʥʯ
ˣ
ʥʯϣһ𶯣ԣͬˮһ㵴ȥƽͣȴޱ˵ĻһֵʥУܾˡ
ӭˮȻǿֽҲɫͱ䣬ջأٲǚiˣڼ䲻ݷƺʮԶܿʥʯϵ
ȻˣȴһЩ΢𵴣һѪˮ˳
ѹƷΪƷʥ
оâʢ
һ̣ˣʥʯЩ磬ƺȻʥƣмµʥ
Сӣû°ɣ
Щ죬û뵽ôǿ죬Ȼʥʯˡ
û¡
ҡͷǵѪ
֮ԶһЩٴۣһƶͬƥһܣʥʯȥɫԵ÷ǳ
ˣ
ʥʯиУϵȻ𶯣ˮưĿֲӿ졣
һ׼ܣǰƻ忪·ΪһǰǽֻͼʹһƴһνشһѽʥʯյС


998 ʥ߱ɹ
콫ʥʯյУϵʱøӿ񱩣ʥ硣
һʱ䣬ܵĿռ䱻ԳܣŤ󿦿ĲϷ顣
ǿĲѺһ֣ȴǲſһͺֻͼʹֱһγɴֻͼʥʯѹ¡
ˣ
䣡
ʱ䣬ʥʯ֮ʹֻͼײһɹɴ쫷硣
Զݣ⡭ƷΪƷʥʯСʵǿͼȻ޷¡
ͣ
Ů
ʦͣ
СҶͯҲ
ǰֽʥʯֱѾǱѺۣ·ʱпȻԴֻͼѹ£Ҳڵһʱסʯ
ʥʯϵȻʥƣ΢΢ҧͲͫϵƻת˫ͫ貣ʥʯĸ漴ٶӡҲŴֻͼѹʥʯ
ʥʯʱһԾһֱѹƵļ
ˣܿʱȥ
򣡡
һϼֶΣʥʯ
ʱ鲼ѺۣѪˮһʣ۽ҲѪˮνǺǱȻˣȴ¶һĨЦ⣬Ϊõʥʯ
Сӣô
ʱ˹
Ŵʱ죬ʵЩȣǿʵȡһʥʯȻƵĽõǿֶζʹ˳һ˲ˣѪȾȫ
û¡

⣬ѪɫԾ̫תֻתۼ޸塣
ʱȭͷСʥʯУȻʥƽ֯תԡ
򵥰򵥣
н֯â
ͷʥʯ̵ǳˣǵȻʥƣܿ¡
ʦ
СҶͯ˹Ůһ
ˣЦ¡
ʥʯ΢΢˿
кüƷ£ʥʯһʥ
еʥʯʱֿڣСӣھʥ뿪ٶ죿õʥʯһƷԼںϣܵõһʥһʥƺˣЩ˷ܡ
룬ڶ죬
ƬɽȷǳܺܰʱطȻá
үҲôģ

ͷɨܣúѰһ޴ʯ
ʯ£ʥʯ漴԰
ôˣ
ʵ
뽫֮뵽һƷڡ

뵽ıȽʺںϵһڻڵõǱʯڶǰʱ񳯵һɱǶ߱ɹƷΣƷҲ֣ںʥʯڽΪʥںϺǿࡣ
˼ܿʮȥ
Ҳʱϡ
ں߱ɹ

ǳǿ󣬽սĻ㹻ƣ£ãƷ߱ɹΪʥȽϺãǿԶ빥ɱ
һ΢һμǽ߱ɹȡͨڣԺɣǿ޵ļƣõĲ϶Ǻܲ
һʥȡ߱ɹ˵ǳǿ󣬴Ȱ벽ǿ߶սƷǳԣ£һʥȷʵǱȶһʥʲôĸӺʣ
ʼɣ
˵
ͷ̫ľתٵ񣬺ܿʹﵽ۷״̬
漴СҶͯͰŮ˿һЩһֳ߱ɹһֳʥʯԽɫ߰£һ
ڣ

Խɫʥʯ֯ʥʯ뵽ڡ
ʱ˵һ߱ɹ⻪ǣɢı֮ҲǷɿĿʼ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ںʥʯ߱ɹǴͬϹʥһ֮
쾲ʱٶŽںʥʯ߱ɹ֣߿ںϡ
ˣ
߱ɹ𶯣ԽԽŨɢϢҲǱԽԽǿ
漴ģ֮һ縡֣ģȻ֮ǰʥʯϵЩȻʥƣ˿̿ʼӡ߱ɹϡ
ЩȻʥӡ֮ϣ߱ɹɢϢʱøӸ£ɢϢͬǹɽһڣﵴһɴ쫷硣



߱ɹâƣĿռ䲻ϱ飬ңܵʯҲڲͣơ
ģ߱ɹĹϸֳʥƸ࣬ʹ߱ɹ𶯵ĸ
֮󣬵ֹȥʮһɵʥ߱ɹϵʹʱǰһ
ʥѾ¶ϾҪˣ
ԶлһĨâ
ˣ
߱ɹϣâˣʥԽԽǿͬһͷ˯ѡ
ͷų߱ɹ֣߱ɹʥʯ˳ںϡ
ˣһۣʱȥ
䣡
һ̣һޱǿϢɽбӿܵÿһ䡣
߱ɹǰһʥƣʥƼǿʥɢ
ˣ
лһĨտտ⡣
һ֣߱ɹȡУʱӦһױȵĿ
ڣʥ
ս˹塣
˹ĿƣֱֱĶںʥʯ߱ɹ
ʥƣʥ滯ʥˣ´Żʥ߱ɹ˵СӣһΣ
ͷҲд⡣
ĿƶסԶһɽֳֹ־ֱ
ʱ䣬ӿû빭ڣͬʱʮҲ˲Ϣ䱻ϯȡת۳һ֧貵Ľɫʸǿʢʥɣǿɹ
춢ŲԶĴɽһɣɫļʸʱͬ
ֱӱᴩһ޴Ŀռ󣬽ɫʸתڴɽڡ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬һɫⲨۺƵϯʮɽֱӱ䱬
һĻ˿ôɽȻһ͸ķ顣
£
۵
ȻҲľһ̫ǿˣԤϣʵǺˡͬһʱ䣬֣ղһķ̫
ȻԽǵȼߵıԽǺķ

ˣеľâȴԽԽŨ
ϾķѴֻǺС£ؼǣһʥ
ʥ߱ɹ΢΢һϴԼʶӡֱ΢Σ֮뵽ʶС
߰ɣ뿪
СҶͯͰŮ˵
ȡʥʯʹƷ߱ɹʥʱûطıҪˡ


999 ʥ
˵ţкСҶͯͰŮһ𣬵ȳⷽɽȥ
Ĵϣģʥ߱ɹһС
һ䱬һɽǺܿ¡
֮ûãָֻܿ߳Ƭɽȡ
СӣȥԴүһС̨׾͵ˡ
˵

ͷ
һ߳طŴУʱߵһƬƽԭϡ
ƽԭ˴ߵݣ紵һ΢΢ڶ
ҲʱǰֹסŲ
ʮ⣬һƽվţɿݣ塣
ǿ󣡡
Żߣ΢΢ۡ
ȥվǰڷаڶݵͫв·Ǹ˰㣬ϢȴǷǳˣϢ£ϵĿռƺҪˡ
ʲôˣ
쵭Į
ɵʱɿݵĻվǰΪ
߿ڣƽܿδɱܷɱ㣬ܲ
ɫɱ
ߣܲˬһǲɱݣŹȥãѾǵδɱˣһҲЩ⣬һ񳯵ɱ֣ȻûڰͻʩɱУôĳǰ
񳯲һֱڰйôˣ
̵
Ļߺƽûа
ҪһֱϣǷҪܼƻ
ߵվԭأϢԽӺ䣬һɳµĲ֯˳
ʱԶݡ
벽Ц漴죬ĵСӣǲϵ̫ãֱӶ˸ɱֹȴڰ벽ɱ֣óɱ֮Զͬİ벽ʿºܶࡣ
ø䡣
Թαܿҳɱҷɱҳǿߵˣ֮٣һֶֻĹˣܲͷ­мֵԳʷ񳯵Ĺϵڣҳ档죬ƽһжƿ֮еĸоʱˣģϷ򲻻̫ʹࡣ
iʱһҲûУһ㣬о㤡
һʱ䣬ƬռԱһɭ亮֣¶ԼƷٵĽ͡
ϢЩ£
ӭϢȻ澳磬ȴ˲һвһԿĸоˣıȴû˿η塣
һֻ̣һһμ佫ʥ߱ɹȡֱҡ
ˣ
ʱʮؼ䣬ӿڵҲӿʥ߱ɹڣת۳һ֧ɫʸǿʥͬǾİϯ˻ġ
ֱֹס˽Ųɿݵ͵һɫֱӱˡ
ʥ
һ̣ϵƽʹֱʧˣͷ亹ֶ
춢ŻߣĿĮֳ߱ɹ壬־ֱɿҡ
ݣ
ƿ֮صɫɱͬ˲
һֱӱᴩһ޴Ŀɫɱдſɲʥٶȿ쵽£ֱĳŻ߹ᴩȥˡ
߾㤣ͬȰˣ񳯵iʩչޡ
ڰ벽Ȼǿ󣬵ȴԲȥһʥϾ߶ʥɲһˡһ̣ȫʩΪ̼ʮԶܿɫɱ
Ȼʥ죬ɫݵͫһƬɭȻܺãһΡ
䣡
ʱܿĽɫɱԶı䷽Լʶͷأת۱ƵֱӴĻɫͱ䡣
⡭
ۣ
ѪˮɫɱֱӹᴩؿڣԶ
Сӣˬɣ
Ц
Ц߱ɹһص㣬ļʸմȾĿ֮ѪԲͣ£ʥʯںϽΪʥǱ߱ܿ߱ɹɱȴǲ뵽ʸػأǱش
ʱûгɣֳֹ壬ٴңһ֧ɫʸ۶ʥƵǳˡ
ݣ
ɿңʱ䣬ɫʸٴηɳٶȿ켫Լٱߡ
ģܵĿռֱˣȿµɱ£֧Ų
תۣɱڻǰ

־ŭһ𣬾ֱһǿıӡΪһƷ
ֻǣʥ߶ɱڱӡ̫ˣɱֱӽ֮ķѡ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ɫɱӡƲڻϡ
һΣߵֱըһѪ
ƯЦСһһоƿеӣǷʰ

ԶŭѪӿתۼؾ۳
죬һһ˿ʹƷȻٵˣʧʵ̫ˡʱЩˣڲĳǰͻȻϮɱĻʥҲܵסΪͻȻϮɱ£ܽʥȡǸʱɱܵõһʥǱģ
´ټضȡͷ­
չ֮֮תߡ
һʥĵֵס
һ˲䣬κϢʧӰ٣ǴƬؼһ㡣
ЦͫһֱۣʱУɿ쳯ԶߵĻߡ
Ӳˣ
ĵ
䣬ֱתۻ۳ʥɱֱĶ׼
ݣ
ɱٶȿ켫գ۱׷ϻߡ
ʹûɫ䣬ѾϢӦÿҲоɱǱֱĹᴩšܹܹӦϢɵǱɫ𾪡
ô
ۣ
ɫʸɹֱûţٴ顣

Ѫ⹾ӿתؾ۳
ֻǣʱ򣬵ĵɫʸѾ˹ͬһͷɫ㡣
ۣ

߲ҽУĴαУǿٴη飬ѪˮȾ˴Ƭա
ŭѪ䶯м俿£ٵٶؾǡ
СӻУĴʥɱȻû

ˡ

߱ɹһΣֱӽ״ʥͬɽ㱬
ƺӰӿϣת۱Ǳȥ˽ʮ֮һңʮеҲǱȡɲǼ۳һ֧ޱ貵ĽɱΪˡ
΢΢ۣѪйƮƮɿҡ


1000 δɱľǿ
ɿʥңʱ䣬¡һ죬ܱߵĿռ˲̮ɫɱͬɱԴ㣬ᴩһ޴Ŀռֱߡ
ߵѪйӿû۳ǱǱһƵǰѪйٴըѪˮɢȥ

ҽߵϢת۱˥˴룬ࡣ
Ͼһ״ļʸ
ಣ
һѪгǻߵ꣬˿־ŭ־壬һؾֱ곯ԶȥٶҲǿľˡ
Դˣֻߡ
ۣߵ꣬ٴοת״
̼䣬һ֧ޱȿֲĽɫɱ۶һ쫷磬µĵ涼ʼһĹѣԳסȻԵʥ
ɱ
³һ֣עһ˿ԼĴֱɿĹҡ
ݵһɫɱֱɳᴩգܱ߸ǽһƵѪɫ磬תۼ׷ϻ߶߳ȥ꣬һ

߷ĲҽУֱӱ飬ֻʣһ΢⡣

ŭĵͺʣµһƻͬɥ֮Ȯ㣬ɿӶݡ
Сӿ԰Ļһ£徹ûȫ
в졣
ԱߣʲôҲû˵ֱӣֻ״
ɫĻɱ۶ɡ
鵭Įֱɿʥҡ
ݣ
ʸ磬дһ磬ֻһѱ׷ϻʣµһƻâЯŻɱĹᴩϡ
һȻ۳Ӱʱ־ǣס
ͣ
һ촫һֱӱķ飬ξ
˲䣬ƬرǱð
ùߵġ
Ʋ졣ŸոѰʥʯ֮߱ɹΪһƷʥ߱ˣҾȻվǰƱ죬ֱǡ
˵ţ˫ĿŹ⣬еĳĵʥû˵ôһʥڣ֮£ĿԺˣ
ҲеʥȻҲǷǳ⣬⹭ǿľˡ
̫ķ

һ죬ڵȴԶԶͨһʿȻˣҪ״Ҳֻܹʮζѡ
ȻԴҲû̫⣬΢΢һΣǽʥ
ʦ
СҶͯ
ŮգƯĴ۾һ뿪ⷽƽԭط
ܿ죬չȥ
һ죬һɽѰһԴವıһͷ˽ȥ
κڳԴˣΪǾ˲١
ԴѾ̫֧ˣСӣȫڳ

бһۣͨ
ѽ壬æѽ
ԶŮ
ƫͷȥŮ˫иһöȭͷĺɫӣһͷߵĺԳ׷󣬳
ԣֳ̧Ǳߵһָһɫɳգۼ£һɫԳɣһʮľˤڵأҲû
Ů˹ƯһڼЦлеһöӵݸ죺
ӹŮݹĹӣŮϵڼЩΣɨһĨ⣬ϵڼĨȥ
壬ᡣ
Ůգ۵ܸˡ
죺
С顣Ʋ죬漴ֵ٩˵ôֻʶС㲻ҶͯС㶼һְֻſ¡
СҶͯͷŮģĻ˻Сȭͷҿ԰ſ£˵ţСһ룬ֲ˾䣺ҿһٸ
죺
ŮȴһҲΣҵʱסģؼʱʹá
ۣ˵ô飬үΪ˵ˡ
ġ
Ů

ҲЩԣȴֲɵЦŮ˾û֡
ˣ
ͻȻش𣬷һʥı˰㣬̼쳹
ϣƱãվֱˣ⽻֯ԼĵǴʱճдƬ綼龪㤡
ҵˡ
һĮ𣬲˿
ɲǼ䣬ڰˣճƬı飬ֹ꽻֯޾縡֣Լ·һʱճӣһͷģӰվڳӾͷ
ģӰ㣬һſ΢СǳϣΪ֮
⡭ǣ
סˣۼ׶ȻģӰͣ
ʦʦ
СҶͯץһ½ǣҲɪɪķ
ǣñģӰƶǳУػߣֲޱߣΪҪǣ˿ĸоˣԷϣԷڶƺΪ
䣡
ϣޱ߹꽻֯޾緭ӿģӰУ·վؾͷһ̶ˣ̽һֳֻ·ѹֱĳץȥ
ʱͲѡ
ˣȻǳģ
ɫһҲǿģӰΪҪɱ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣŮӣֱߵǰ
ˡ
ŮڣϵģӰ
ʱıúƽʱ̫һЦĻģƯձúƽɹ͸
̶ѣһɾڵǿʢػҪ嫡
ۣ
ϣģӰѹµĻ־ֱ飬ǹ⣬ɢؼ䡣
һɫֱ䣬ȿģӰ̧ɱʱҪ𾪺𺳡
㣿
Ůͫʶɵþ
ʱԭһ˿ԪоŮͻأɢôֲ˿ȲϵǵģӰҪǿʢһЩ
ҵѽ⡭
Ӳûиɳͬһ㣬𺳵ĶŰŮղŻһֻʶС׷ĺǱŮȻͻȻɢôֲϢϢȻͻȻãϢ£ۻҲһ
СҶͯŴͣһɫ
ʲôˣ
Ϲ꽻֯緭ģӰһſǳƣģΨһ˫۾ܿĮһ̽ĿڰŮϡ
ͬһʱ䣬һɿɲӿ£ʮΪ֮ζ
Ůϣһƽ֯ȥܽᣬȴ֮ģӰѹµİΰ˿ҲκβǸ߾δߴʱʱɱӵ治СΪˣ


1001 Ů
Ůվǰƽɹ壬ʱ˽Ǳɫ
ӡδ
˫ĿԲ𺧵ŲϵǵģӰ
µޱ޼ʵӰȻǡδ
Ĳһ⣬ƶǳеģӰȻǴδʱȻδߵɱ
ǺεֶΣ
ˣȻܹתʱգ£û붼롣
һ̣оЩ䣬µˣΪʲôҪɱңǴδ絽ɱ
ֲǰŮŮֵ˭һ֪Ҫδ絽ɱ
ϣޱ߹꽻֯޾˸ģӰվʱ䳤У߻һſǳӱøĮ䡣
Ҳδ
ŮģӰڣл⣬
ԭֻͨѣǣȴ˲طնˣ䣬ظֳһ޴ѷ죬龪㤡
죬СҶͯԶһദôõŮȻģӰһҲδ
Ůδ֮ˣ
⡭
ľ
𺳣һ˲˲ĶǰŮƯûб߼ʵŮӣδߵʱȻζҪߣԼʱסˣؼʱãһУΪ֪ҪɱȻ
Ů˳ڷں磬һɹ⻷ƣһսػϣ֮еĸ߲ʣһǽģӰĿ顣
δֻ뵽ӵ⣬ϧתʱգðĪսʱ䳤пʱδɳʱɱҡУò˵̴ĺܺãǾͲʱ
Ůƽ
Ů⻰Ǳɫ죬˫ĿԲ
δôţȻƵôֲܵɱ

ûдʱǱġδֻ֪֪һֲ˴δɱˣһܿµ¡
ϣģӰǳƣʱ䳤УڰŮĻûаĮЩԴΪѣԴ˳ֵá
ЩԴΪŮƽҡͷԣ
Ļûаƣȴ֯һţƺ˵ģʵ
ģӰʱ䳤УӰŮ˵ܻɱ
Ҳԣ㣬ǡߴɱϧɶδɱ̫ˣǣŮĻƽҴδڣһһ꣬Ҫˡȫն
ŮĻƽȴƽһϣٰ֮㡣
ģӰʱ䳤УĿ⵭Įһֿ䣺ţܿͻ֪ţھԵǰжôС
䣡
ʱ䳤УӰһҲϵܼȴǶ޾緭ӿ̼仯һӣƺƵĳŰŮѹȥ
ֻһ˲ѣضʧȥɣﶼⷽѹơ
һ̣޾ͬǼ˹ŵ㣬˲Ϣ鵭͹ȡ
ͬʱڲձ鲼Ѻۣزϳݣ޾Ϊ˿־壬·һ̣Ƭ嫵ĴҪɴܽᡣ
죬СҶ̫ͯˣδδţһļ£ûʲôܻٵûʲôѹơ
СӣδʱЩʲô˰⡭𣿣
һ
ҲǻӲɵò¡
ֻϢѹʾϣ
Ůڡ
˵һɹ𶯣ɺƵŲϣʱ䳤ӡ
¡һɹ⺣ײתۼһɢλÿջ㡣
ٴһŮǿ󣬳ԤϡͬʱҲΪŮĻľģӰ⵴ֿɻеĻӣȻֻһϢѣ
Ǻεȿ£
ʱ䳤УģӰһĨâŰŮӸЩδǸʱƬڣû
⻰һǵŮʵʹ죬СҶֶͯݡ

ۡ
ͬģӰһ㣬ǰŮ
ж޾䣬ÿһ䣿Ƭж飬ĹЩˣܲκδսܲ£¶ϢɿԺѹ㡣
Ů˵
˵ԼģӰƻ⣬ŰŮ˵ԺѹƱ
˼
Ů
ģӰһߣϵǳһſը
ըЩǳǳ󽣣ÿһ·նһ磬죬Ⱥ㳯Ůѹȥ
첻ĽȭĶЩѹ
ȻһβǼ򵥵ϢˣһֿµĴͨɻ
ŮվǰһɹһһƬ곯жȥ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ죬ģӰѹµܼɱ̼Ǳһɶ
ϣģӰԳЩЩֶΡ
䣬¡¡ģϺֳǳÿһŶʵŵһ㣬бȡǲ޾Ĵһɢ˵⣬ԵƵǿס
ˡŮڣƽʱ䳤еģӰ㲻Ǿ߻κΪĽֻ֣С
ֻǻ
һģӰֻǾ߻
һ߻ѣôֲ
ģӰĮͬڿûһеĺڶӰŮڳԣҲǾ߻ѡ
ʱ䳤Ӳ棬Ҫʱ䳤ӿȥȥһЩ£û˸Ҷͻ𣬸ĴۣȻǶûҲɻմȾĪҪǳĴۡ
ŮЦһִģӰôȷֻһ߻
ˣ
ԣܼɹ⽻֯øŨǿʢ
˲ϢѣɢϢһ·Ҳݲˣʼҡ޾սսȫڵأﶥĤݡ
ϣģӰʱ䳤УϵǳϢҡһ£оֱһĨâŮͳ㾹Ȼˣʱ䳤ӣصȥ£ûҲû˸ôû뵽ǰŮȻδʱ
һ̣ʱ䳤ŰŮģӰԳ࣬ɨ˵ʱӦѾһʱ䣬Ѿʱйཻ̫մȾʱ㹻Ĩˣ㲻ӦûŲŶԣ


1002 ߴ
ʱµĶתʱصȥĽɣܹһˣؼ䲢ûж٣ȻһЩܹһ㣬ҲֻԻ٣ҶΪǣʱȻĿڹȥʱһƬ΢ҶҲп˲仯ɻҡ
ģӰŰŮܹĲŮʱѾܾˣദ˺ܳʱ䣬£ŮȻĻţ벻͸еøЩ·ҪŮ͸
Ϊʲô㻹ţ
ģӰʱ䳤ڣٴοڣŰŮ
ŮʱҲ̲סݣȻΪߣȴҲ֪ʱжô£¡Ůδڣʱˣǰǰ֪ȹ˶ʱ䣬һȥ̣һԹһ·ŮȴһҲûУŮ£ȴɺܾ
ԣȷʵЩ̫ھˡ
ŮģӰΪҡ
ݾƽִҲܼ򵥣ȴһ̬
ģӰߣ˺ܶࡣ
СѾͷ
ĵ
Ůߣϰ鳣
¡һɹ𶯣һģӰˣһƬɹɳ۳һ߳ɽƺƵĳģӰնȥ
ģӰлȻâؼ䣬лûм˸ô뱾֣±ֻǻ˵ţɢϢӿֲˣһſŴתĻ⣬Ůնɽ
ͣ
һ죬ɽѹ£һſŴն飬ֱĳģӰնȥ
ģӰʱ䳤У罣Ļݻһ񵶣וּһЯһеѹµɽӭȥ

ɽƻֺ̼꣬佫ڻ񵶸նķѣģӰ
Զ죬СҶͯɵ𺳡
Сǿ
СҶͯ۵
ϣģӰӸһֱӻȭֹ꽻âţҪʱ䳤Ӹ߽һ㣬һŮѹµɽϡ
һɽһͬʵʰĽХһȭ֮¾𶯣ȴûбٵõĴţɢϢøǿͿ¡
ģӰߣɽϵȭͷһ𣬴ƬⱬԼ΢СǳԻ˷ɽѹ£ȻҪɽһٵ
飡

ʣʱģӰչ˺ܿµͨԽһж
񾭣ֹˣֱֱǰ
䣡
ģӰһչֲֵֹ뷨Ի
ɽϢ¾һζתۼǱ鲼ѺۣȻһ̾Ҫ١ҲʱŮյһָɽʱбɢ»Ƭɹ⣬ݻһɹ籩ģӰֱ֮ͨס
һʱ䣬¡¡ڶģӰɹûˡ
𣡡
أ޾⣬Ůѹȥɹȫ顣
ģӰٴԻңһβģΣΪһߴӣɫУĿ䣬һѪҺƮϣԵɺĿ
նˣ
ۡ
ҲǳԾδ絽ɱˣǿаǿףǿޱ޼ʣȴ򵥾ͱŮնˣһѪ𺳡
ӵĿĶŰŮˣѾܾûô˵ˣͳпޱȣϢԽԽ£ϵĻøӿֲñѪΪҲҡ
¡¡ģ£ϵѪˮȫһ޴Ѫʱ䳤гŰŮѹʮ򶼾ҵĻζ
ǲɵüһһƬѪ׼ܽʮ򶼸ݻһ㣬ʵ⵽Ǻεȳ̶ȵ
һң̫ˡ
Ů
ӭƬ޴ѪᵯָǴƬâƵƬѪ顣漴ٴζּ֣۳һɽٶȿ켫תۼǳӵǰ۵һᴩӵţֱӽӵķѡ
һĻ𺳣ǲ˼ĶŰŮ
̫ǿˣ
𣡡
Ӵ˲ؾۣĿø䣬ɭȻĶŰŮ
Ůɫƽٴ̧֣ɹ۳ɽ׼ӡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɽѹ죬ֱѹȥת۱ǳ嵽ӵĽǰ
ȣǳԻ飬·ǻһƬ㣬Ůɽӭȥ
䣡
ײǳһſű飬ɽҲһѡ
ת֮䣬ͬʱɢճ׻𣬽ǻһƬش
ʱ䳤УŰŮĿͫױø
Ůǰɫƽվ
¡¡
ͻȻƬǴ𶯣ͬӳʱǰ㣬һԻһƬƬըʮƺҪˡ
һ̣ӰȺ֣ɢѹصϢʼֵǰĿ˲ϡ
ҵˣ
һ˵
ˣδɱڣֿѰ죬ʱ˹
Ϊʲôûн
ʱٵУһ˸죬ȳֵӡ
ӸڣȴǱŮϡ
ڶˡ
ŮЦ
Ųϣ˵һɹ⽻֯΢΢һӺʹʱٵ˽һ
һ̣ɢϢøǿˡ
ӳֵ΢΢ݣʱ䶼ע⵽˰ŮҲǶѰӣΪûܹɱ졣

ʱ˶һʱ򣬾ֱо˰ŮķǷ
Ҳδɱˡңٵ
ӵ
ʲô
ʱ䣬ӳ˱΢䣬н⣬ֱֱĶŰŮ
ЩɲȻڶŮȴ·һ̾Ҫը˰㡣
ŮɺƽĿȳһһƵϣǧˣһ١
֪ǣ
ڣһ׷ӿ
ŮЦɱǣô˭֪ǲǺܿЦ𣿡
⻰һȥѾŮô˵Ǹ⣬˶һ
һˣɱˣ
ǧ
Ůͷԡ
ʼպƽ󣬻µ˲䣬Ϣٴαǣɽӱ˰㣬ŲϹƵȥͬʱ˸С
ſ񣡡
ǧĿ˽ȻǻΪľܳ㣬սɺܿ£վһѹնɱһͨңǴ̫ˣԱŮ߳౲ŮȴǶһͬʱȫ˹ɱȦڣǿǡ


1003 Ϊ
ɹǺӣŮڵŲѹȥͬʱɹ⿴ƽͣȴżΪֲͬԴһ㽻֯ˡ
ǧ˸ߣԺܱ䣬һͬʱ֣ɱ⡣
䣡
һ֣Ƭռʱ󶯵⣬׹⣬ǳȸâһԻһĳӰ㣬Ůѹɹӭȥ
תۼ䣬ײһ𣬶ʱһƬƬķ籩ܵĿռһƣϳŻռݻٴηҡƺʱ
ˣ
ŮڵһƬɹ⣬ܣת۶סʹ֮ƽ
Ųϵˣƽ˵ͬǺӰɹøǿıâһײ˴ֶȫ飬һݻǧɱ⣬죬ֶȥ
ԾŮ̫ǿˣһߴǿߣԼܻסƬ£ȻǴھԵϷ
ǧ˽øӿˡʱ䳤УͬϢһڰ֯
ȻˣǸˣɱ
ǧɨ졣
ٽ
ӰŮ
ǿ߽ԵͷϢٴͬǷ¯ȼ
ת۶ѣϵϢǿʢһ۷壬ΪҲֲ˼㣬ŮɹסƬһκݺݻζƺҪ顣
һ̣˿粽ͬϾһƾֱԽ˰Ů߿ɱʱ䳤ӣһƬƬĿռ䣬Ѳ񷡣
䣡
ֲɱ𶯴أŰһ粻׹䣬һſŴǸѹ£һƺձйǺһֲ֣
Ŀضƺǲ˽£ɱѹŮ
Сģ
̲סе
·ǳڱܣ岻ĶˣŲһαŮǰ
Сˣ
ʧɫȴδɱڵˣɳȲϣȴȻôǰȥⲻ
ʦ
СҶͯҲǳ
ԼɵöݣԼˣǺŮˡ
ߣ
ӲѹµĿŮƿ죬漴ɱ볯ȥƺƵת۱䵽ͷѹ¡
ɫ䣺ˣ
ǵһʱоɱ⻹δ£ǾҪˡ
ﬣ
̶Хǧ磬޾ɽһʱ両֣ͬյɺӰɲǼǱߴɱ⣬뽫ɡ
һɣĸоɲǼʧӰ٣ɵƫͷŮȴǿŮˮ
ôˣ
̲סʵ
ģжޡŮ۽ǴŵεξӨСŮһ죺ССһ۰ңίΣաҴδʱ㲻ʶҲ֪ңôıȴҲʹ㵲ǰˡǣҲġŮˮиһֽԺΪ֣ĲսѪ
ʱһ㣿
ʲô֣壬ڡ
𺳡
СҶͯҲɵŴͣ˼ŰŮ졣
С㣬ʦġ
Сһ˫ĿɵĹԲ
䣡
ϣԶʱ䳤УߴͬʱϵϢø
㾹Ȼĺ
ԣǸʱû˵кˣûôǿĺˣԼҲ
˵ѣ
ǧͺ̿ڡ
ΨѰİͫ罣˰Ů֮ǰ˵һ仰ЩȻκδսȻ£ɿԺѹ㡣ŮɭȻ纮κδս£ãããһ̣Ů֮ǰ˵仰˼ΪŮΪǿߣȴ֪ԷԭԷֻĬĬκδսδ
䣡
ɹ⶯ڣǴؾһ㣬Ƶ磬ʮ
ŮˣٴγǰɹޱŨңϵٴοʼЩŲϵˣǳҸױչسʾʱֶλȥʱɱ׵̫ӣ̫ҪϵԶûյһϱǿҪȫʱ
䣡
ɹѹ㣬ͬһɵĴ󺣣Ųӭϡ
ңԼˣһֱӿʱ䳤Уߴǰ
ﬣ
⣬һɽ֣ͬʱնˣǿ裬硣
ߴӱһͺȣǳ⣬ףȫչ
䣡
ʱ䳤ӹ嫺ڣֲһƽ֯ʱ䳤ڣһƶпܻٵƬ硣
δľǿߣʱ䳤棡
һĿݣ죬ʱ䳤еİŮס˸Ůÿһ
벻벻⡭ȻСӵŮ
𾪡
ʦŮ
СҶͯۡ
̫ˣ
̫ˣ
䣡
ʱ䳤Уɹ˫
Ů˫һϮ죬հ£һѹߴ
һ̣һŮɹ仯ɫ͸һԻԷٱ磬
Ƚɫ⣬Ƕݡ
Ҷͯһ
СҶͯԾ
ֱӵۣ̫ľ
ʱ䳤УŮɫ⣬һ֣ҵƺҪٻ٣ߴͨǿʢ
һ̣Ů֣һȦȦԻʩչһޣȴǲ֪ǿ˶ٱͬնͬһͷͷߴ
⣬û꣬Ůϵ콣âɫͼʣ貵ҩӿܼľƳĻȭâп֯ݻһſǳݻһɱס
ǣӣСӣһͨδʱƺȫƿˡ
á
Ҷͯ۾ɵĸԲ
춢Ųϣ˸ʱѾˣŮδӦδŮ
ҲˣΪʲôһʼŮŮίıʱ᲻ɵþܲطȥΪʲô֮ǰıŮǰ߸δɱǿߣԭ˼׵ѪԵ
䣡
ϣâƽ֯ͼʣ콣âɱ㣬лȭâһ֣ϰ˻ĳѹ£溧ˡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģʱ䳤Ӷڴ𶯣֧ס˰㡣
ۣۣۣۣۣۣۣ
ߴŭֲһѪƮʱ䳤Уǳ˴


1004 
ʺѪˮƮʱ䳤УĿ̲סԾŮʵ̫ǿˣһϮ£ʱ䳤ڣּչͨطһ˶ߴʼնھԵϷ
ߴɭȻѪҺƣһһƮʱ䳤еѪˮû뵽ڡ
ŮͬƬ嫵һ㣬ɭ䣬ˡ
ɱ
ƻ⣬ǳֱӳŮɱȥʱ䳤ӷڡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǶˣԻǿֶΣһͬǾɱ㳯Ůնȥ죬ƶأҪն㡣
ɱ㣬ɱ
ǧ
£ϺֳıУÿһжɵۣÿһȱ챦ҪֲҪʱ䳤Ӹơ
һʱ䣬ɱȫŮӿȥͬǲɽ鱩Ҫѹء
ʱ䳤ڵİŮɵק˫֣дŨŨĵǡ
ʱ䳤ڣŮ˾£ӭߴһǰȥ
Ȼ٣Ҳôùң߾߻ʲô
Ůߡ
ɫͼԣ̼ӭߴϡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫𶯳ɱֶգۼ䱻ȫһʣ
Ůٴζ֣ƴȭʩչȭǧС
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ǧֱըŮķѡ
漴ٴζ֣콣â϶һ֣ÿһ콣âǿ˫⣬ǳףȫɡ
໣
˫𶯣ܼĴԻϰ˻ѹ£ѹˡ
˱޿ɱܣһʱըѪȾʮ
𣡡
ȷǧָϵıøɭȻɲ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǸ޸ĶŰŮ
ڶѣӦôǿŶԣ

ľ㹻Ȼֻǻ٣Ǻһ𣬾ɱͨɱҲᴦ·ŶԣӦûᱻѹƣ
Ҳڡ
⣬ӱĶŮͬʱҲ΢΢üŮЩŹ֡
Ůӯ֮ͬѲ£Ͻɫ⻷ƣ֮⣬ҩ⣬콣âȭͼԺ޾ƽ֯˫
ֻ̧Ӷʱ䳤ǰУߴһѹ䡣
䣡
ʱ¡¡ģʱ䳤Ӵ𶯣â˷˼ն¡
ӱ붯֣֯ǿĲһںΪһǿɱŮնµâӭϣתײһ
͵첻ϴתۼѣ߼ͬʱɢ
ҲʱŮƵ˽ǰּȭ⻪޾ͬʱ֣ȫɣͬʱ䱻˴ӡ
飡
һͺ𴫳
ǧ֣һ̼һ򳬼ɱ޾ĵ̼両֡
ЩɲͨĴȣȼ򵥵Ĵǿ̫ˣʼһֱ캣ˣٶȳŮӭϣء
޺ڰ
ڤն
𣡡

޾飡
ɵأ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬʱڣǼޱǿɱ
ʱֿµĴͨͬʱŮѹ£ʱ䳤ƺҪը˰㡣
ŮƽһҲûУ֯ӿ۳һԽɵŮӰѹߵֱͨһȥ
䣡
ʱ䳤ӷǿˮ˰㣬ޱߵĻԴ˳ܷ񼤵
漴ģߴӰͬʱɨ˳ȥԼԴڿѪŵǰŮŮӰ壬ûܵˡ
ôܣ
ǧȴڵʵԻͨɱҲһ߱ܣһչִɱȴǲ˵ŮֺԼѪֳܼѺۣǺš
ʱ䳤ӣЩˣΪŮΣաҲ𾪣Ůʵ̫ˡ
°
ۡ
ҶͯһԲԲ۾ֱֱĶŲϡ
ʱ䳤УŮɹӰɢٴߴȥ
˵ǲֻǻҲסҡ
ƽ
䣬һ콣âӿǿ£ϵĽ
ߴӱøһ໥һۣԵͷ
ߣ
ǧͳ
˵һӿʱ䳤Ӷϣʼδعȥ
Ȼûɱ˵֪иҲһ񣬿δ׼ն֮

⼸˶ŰŮӱ䡣
ΪǿߣǴõô֣Ѿ˳Ůǳǿ˺ҲǶ֣Ͼֻǻ
ʱŮﱣ죬ɱ죬Ǽ£ֻĻŮеĽ֣ʹΪҲܵӰ죬ˣȻûбҪ£ǶǶԣк档
ľߴδǿɱȻĶˡ
߲ˡ
Ůʱ䳤Уɹ⽻֯ʱ䳤Ӷϵߴ
ߴʱ䳤У룬ĶŮԴߡ
ʱ䳤ѾʼҵȽط޷Ҳ

£ת۶ѣߴӰнԶҪʧʱ䳤Ρ
ǻʧġŮߣһ̧˫֣ĽһĪķӡʱ䵹
ĸ֣ƽ̼䣬ʱ䳤Ӷϵߴһ漴ܵʱ俪ʼǣѾҪ뿪ʱ˻
㣿
ʱ䣬ͬʱɫ
ҲʱŮٴ˫ֽӡһķ£֯˿˿Ƶԡ
ʱ
ߵ
ʱ䣬ʱ䳤ƺʱþֹͬʱ
һ̣ȻֶҲʱ䳤ӣ޷ϣҲ޷¡
һʱ䣬һ𣬵һ¶𾪵ı顣
ʱ䣿
ƿʱ䣿
ôܣ
𺧡
ȴ޾µĹĲʱˣŵŰŮ
ͬһʱ䣬ԣҲɫ䡣
ƿʱ䣿⡭
춢ŮһǾݡ
ʱ䣬κʱΪµĶŮδʱŮȻƿʱ䣿̫ˣ
ۣղŽӡʱеĲȻǵһ֣ѵʱɣ԰ǧûʱֶ䣬ߴеһ³Ļɵһ⣬ѵǡǧ֮ĵ


1005 ɱδ
˶Ǳסˣ𺳡ƿʱ䣬˵ʵ̫ˣ
нԴžݣǱˡ
ɵǧŰŮ֮ϣؼֻ֣ʱ䣬ռ䣬㾹Ȼƿǿʱ䣡
ߴɫǱòôÿ
ͬһʱ䣬һǧĻУϤණ
ɵ춯ݣǧ֮ϣɵĻ֣
ۣŰŮǳǧ֮ĵ˵ţɵ죺СӣѵҲǳǧ֮ĵ
⡭
Ƕݡ
䣡
ʱ䳤УߴŰŮϢɵõֱÿ
Ůչ˶ƽˡ
Ůѹ֣ѹʱͣôãȻʱôཻҲܰȻȻʱ令壡ѹľԶûǸȴѹ˵ĻҲʱ䷨㣡
Ůƽϣɫâɢȥɹ⽻֯ʱ䷨˿˿ӿ
ߴֱϣҪʲôȻ
ʹߴŮǵ̬ȫûнǷУڿһޡ
С㸸һ̫ſˣƿʱ䷨ΣҵȻȥҲ㸶һĴۣ
¡¡ģϵϢø񱩣һſŴǻϣɱȻ
ͬһʱ䣬ǽ֯ױȵĿ²ȫչ
ֲˣ
Ů䡣
ǲվһɱ⻷ƣΪ֮
ˡŮɫƽȥʱʱĺУƿžԵȨҵս
һ̣ˣٴαˡ
һΣչ̫ľֱӻʱ䷨򣬽֯һʱ֮⣬ߴȫС
ɱ
ͺȣһ֣ûʲôֱɱǰѹ¡
𣡡
پ
ƻ꣡
ն
񣡡
ԣ
Ҳ֣ԼһִɱַͬǻĹһ㣬໥ϣһʱ佫Ůŷ
ǳ£Ҫؼһ㣬ļ£˾㤡
ֻǣУŮȴǺƽʱ䷨һ̼ĥС
粽ٶͻƼ£ʱ·ºˣڰǰ
Ѿͷ
һͺȣǳ۳ܣŮѹ¡
Ů̧֣ʱۣ֮һ¡
͵һĻֱӱŮ˸顣
漴һƲֱ£ʱ䣬ӡڰϡ
ۣ
Ѫˮ顣
ѪУͺ𣬸ֹ⻪ɽ֯ʼ
ҲʱŮ֣̽³ĸ֣ʱ侲ֹ
˵һܹâƣʱ䷨֣ؾϣҴһʹƺߣѪйǱĸӷ飬ֻһŰĵѪɫâ
С㡭
𣡡
Ůߣʱ֮ѹ£ֱ߻飬ɢ
ˣ
ۡ
һǿĻô򵥾ͱˡ
ֵ⣬桭̫ˡ
ļ¡
ȻҲ𺳣ʱ̫֮ǿˣ£ƺʲôЧ
ǧ˵ɫɭŮȻô׾ĥ˰Ļ
䣡
ʱ䳤𶯣޾ңԶεشһͺ˳뱻ٵİϢһģһ
ȻǾδİ٣Ȼ֪
Сع飡
˳ʱ䳤Ӷ£ʱ֯޾ɱ⡣
ʹĲʵжô°ȻôңԶδ͸ʱ䳤ӽݵʱʵ̫ˡ
ߣ
Ůߣʱ䳤Σ˫ĿУһʱâ֯˸
һץȡһƬâֱһգ漴ӿǿʱ֮⣬֮һ
ն

ʱ䳤Σ˫붯ֱӻûһʱ񹭣Ĺâʱ䷨ںһͬʱĪֶǣʱ䳤еһС۳һ֧߳ңңĶ׼ʱ䳤ӵΡ
漴ֵһɡ
ݣ
ٶȿ켫ʱ䳤ӣɲǼʧδʱ
һ̣Ĳҽŭʱ䳤δԼ䣬һģĻ桭嫵ϣһըˣһȾѪӰȻǰӶˣ˲ء
ɱδ
ۡ
ҲľֶΣʵ̫ˣ̫ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ǧǱɫɫðʱȾϵ֮ʱ䷨ǣһʱ䳤ӵ֮۳ɼɱĵ뵲סǣʱ̫֮鷳ˣ
ʱ䷨򡭡ʱ䳤УԴץȡε֮
ɱ⡣
ֹ

䣬չɱŮδʱ˫
ͬһʱ䣬⼸Ҳ֣Ů
ߴӪ֦ͬͬκһȥмӰ졣
䣡
תۼ䣬˵ɱǶŮͷѹ¡
Ůʱ䷨߶ʱ䣬Űپʮͷʱ𣬷ƺƵĳӭϣ֮ʮء
ļͬʱɣԴڿѪǱӡ
ҲʱŮٴʱ񹭣ε֮εʱ֮⣬ʱ䳤ӵıâ໥ںϣٴʱʸδʱ
ݣ
ٶȿ켫תδʱ
һ̣ĲҽٴδʱȻͨҲãסеԼڹȥʱմȾϵ֮顣
С
ʱ䳤ӣŭХɲǼؾۣЯ˳ʱ䳤Ӷ£ʱɱ˹ƺء
ʱһû뵽ԷȻʱɱ˹
ողǼ˵֮ǳ鷳ʲôֶοԵֵǰδʱôңԶľ룬ȫǱŮ䣬ôȥᱻɱ£ʱ䳤ʱŮǰ޷סɱ£ԽŮˣŮɱ

䣡
ʱ䳤Σʮʱ٣Ĳɱ֮ǰĻǿ̫ˣһ죬һأȻ
һħЯ֮£Ҫʱȫ
Ůߣ⡣
߾δѾʱںɱϲˡ
䡣
䣬ٴοʱɱ۵ĸǿӭųٵİһ


1006 
Ůɿʱ񹭵Ĺң֮䣬ʱںɱʱһͷӭʱ䳤ӶϣҲ֪ȸղŵǿ˶ٱٶȸӿ죬ֻգۼǳʱ䳤Ӷµİǰ
㡭
ۣ
ֻɲǼ䣬ٴըʺѪˮʱ䳤ʣĿġ
С
־ŭתۼ۳ɱ
ңٶҲԸЩʱϲϺˡ
ʮܴδɱڣ
Ĳ
ǧȼ໥ӣһ̶ˣȫŮȥΪĽȡʱ䡣
䣡
һʱ䣬ֲһɱŮŮܵÿһȫ
ԴˣŮֻǱߡ
˵ԭǵʱʱ䳤Уҵս

£໵һٴδһͷͷԻÿһͷɳϳȺ裬̽ǧһθȫƷɡ
ңЩɴûʧһʵŵİ㣬֮֯⣬֯ʱ֮⣬ХУͣĳǧ˹ȥ
ͬʱŮʼǶʱ䳤Σǳ򵥣ֻ
ˣ
֮Уʱ䷨ǣʱմȾϵ֮뼺ʱ䷨ǣ΢ʱ䳤֮ٴɱ
ۣ
ѪһըϢһ˲١
⣬û꣬ʱ䳤УŮûԥٴζ֣һʱɱֱʱ䳤ΣС

ŭɱӯҰҪʱ䳤ӡ
ܿ죬Ůڰ֧ʱںɱ󣬰ӰһصŭгͬһħֱɱŮ
һ̣δʱԻӰʱϵϢѾ౶ȻˣҲ֮ǰĻǿٲȻ֮𣬲ͬն
ҲʱŮ˵ھż
ʱ䣬¡һ֮ͺ嫵ʱ䷨һˡ
ټ
Ů
ݵһɿңھ֧ʱɱɶ
һ֮ǰİ֧ɱҪֲͬ˲ƶ㣬ģʱ켣תۼǹ밵üġ
һΣ˲ҽУǿ᲻ֱըתۼǱһʱ֮ǣ֮ͬǰǰˡһ̣֮ʱ֮ͬƹ֮һŲζԱ
ҽУϧϢȴԽԽ
ˣת۱ʮȥ

Уžŭ־Ͳʣⱻʱ֮ȼյһɶŸոտʱڵھ֧ʱɱ
ʱ˶кݲһδŮʱ䳤лɱ
ǧȻҲɫ䣬ģǰǵӰ̫ˣӰһӪ
ˣ
͵ѪɫһԻա
һ̣شѪɫ꣬һ䣬ͬһʱ䣬ؼһԼ䣬ѿˣһƮڵж裬ʡ
һĻٴɫ䡣
Ȼ밵йء
ضΪԷ
𺳡
⵽ǺεȲεĴڣ
һȥضڰĿֲʹһͬ
ʱ䳤Уǧ˵ɫѿ˼㣬һ𣬺ʱɱ죬ȴ룬ǵûɱ죬Ƿ˸
˺ɱؼӦûܹӦҪʱŶԣ㸸ҲܸӦңڳʾĹؼʱ̣ǸҲӲΪʲôΪʲô֪
ĶŮ
˵
ͺ
⼸Ҳɫʱ֣ʵǺܲܡ
Ůߣ˱ϣܻ֪
ˣ
ⷭӿʱ䷨Өͬĵ»ȴǿֲˡ
ǣһ³ȫҪʱ

еʱɢȥһ֣۳ʱ䳤ƽĳȥ
һ֯ʱ䷨򣬿ɲǼ򵥵ɱֱиĻĻͬһʱ佫˵ĻһնΪʹ˷˾޴޸
ȫͻƳʱ
ǧ
˵뷨ȻҲһڵһʱȫ߶ܣȼոԻҪŮµʱʱصδʱ
ֻǣȴͬһʼǰ㣬ȻȼջƲŮµʱ
˵ˣǲֻǻѡ
ŮĻܼ򵥡
ʱɱϣʱ䷨֯ǧȫɱ¡
һʱ䣬ʱӿٴηɣѪ
СӣȻŮֱү𾪣
ʱ䳤ڡ
ʱû죬ʵŮʱս̫ˡ
䣡
ʱ䳤Уǧ˸չܣֶȴûκεá
ֻǻ־ʱ䳤Уסӵʱ䷨Ů

ǧŮһƬɭȻ
ǶͬһʱˣٵɱϹǲ޴Ӱ졣
˶ǵͷ絶
һ̣¡¡ģʱ䳤ͬɽ鱩㣬ƥʼʱ٣̶ֲǱ
Ȼ٣
оݣҲеǡ
ԿĳǧľԱŮ߳ܶܶ࣬٣Ůƿžǿʱ䷨ҲһǶԷ˵Ķ֡
ûа취ͰһδƯŮȻǣʱȾϵֱ֮ʱһһǵɱǱ֮֡ʱʱпһ֣һѹ£ǡ
ûаѻ˵꣬Ȼ˼ԼҲѾ뵽ˣ٣԰ңвŮ
壬˵СΣ𣿡
СҶͯǵ
䣡
ʱ䳤УǧԻסŮϿѪϱ飬ͬһʱ䣬ǵʱ䳤Ӷ£ٽʱ
ˣȥʮϵʱߴӰʱ䳤ο粽תۼǴŮµʱⲿû롣
漴ֻɲǼ䣬ವƿ˽ٵʱĻԻһûԵڡ
һʱ䣬ɽܷɿֲѹͬ嫺һƵʮ޾սս˲޾Ŀ־֮С
С
Ů񻷽֯һԴɱ⡣


1007 ʱ㣬һ
ϵδ룬һ٣ǵȿֲƵ治ǻȣ̫ˡʱʱ䳤Уͬǿ񣬽ĶŮеɱڣ˫ӣɭȻпᣬ顣
ʱɫʱ䳤еŮ¶ŨŨĵǣһ˫ȭͷקĺܽȻΪߣȴҲܹоǧˣÿ˵ɢŵƶǿŮܶ࣬ΪȻŮܱȡ
С㡭Σ𣿡
СҶͯץ½ǡ
⡭
ȻҲĲȻǧǾʱ䳤УǵȿµĲȴǴ˳
䣡
ʱ䳤Уǧ٣֮ͬԴʮ鶼ڲͿ־塣һ̼Ůʱʱ
ɱģҵȽ٣Сܲܺã
ֻȴʮɭȻ٣·ǺɫĻ湹ɣֲˣҪʱ䳤Ӷ
ն㣬ǿʧͻɱ㸸һĪֵ
ǧ顣
ʱ䷨̫£Ī֮ǵж֮˵ĺϣһΣյ£֮Ȼĳɾ͡
ߣ
ߣϵɱһŮɱϡ
վһ֮
һĻеĵǸŨˣ˫קĸһ˲˲Ķǰ
ʱ䳤УŮӭȻϵƱԼǿܶ࣬ɫȴ˿Ҳûб仯ƽһὫȫʱ
ȴţǧ˽ߣӸ
Բѣ
ǧ
ʱ䳤Уƿʱ䷨ȷʵռĪƣΪ˺ܶ£ľȲǣңǣˣ
ˣ
Ŀ䡣
⣬һĽ֯ӿ£ǿᣬʮ
ԴˣŮʼպƽ
ǻǳʧڣʱ䳤죬Цĵĸףһá̧֣Уʱ䣬ųҵ߲ɫϼ⣬ʶڵǱͻأ̼仯һ߲ɳ
⣿
춯ݡ
Ҳǵۣ֪һص񽣾ʶУԼƲˣʱŮֻǸһ֣񽣱ʶɳ
৵һٶȼ죬תۼǳŮͷͬһ߲ս񣬴˿˿Ƶ߲ϼ⣬ŮػУʱ䳤ӡ
㣿
ǧ˽Ųһͣɫ
ɱڶ𣿣ôڣ
ⲻܣ
ʲôô
˽¶ݡ
Ȼ⼸ܼɵʶе񽣡
ʹ¶ɫʶе񽣣ô𣿾Ȼδɵ
Сӣ⽣ǡ
Ҳ𺳡
ʱ䳤УŮͷ񽣣߲ϼ壬˫
죿Ůɫƽߵ˭Ǹ׿ģ񽣣ڸ׻δ·ǰһֱڸߡ
ǧ˸ɫеɱøŨӱ
ܿ죬˵ıֶƽࡣ
оȥûǸʱǱɱǿƺž޴ȱݡŮͷ񽣣̫Ӱ죬ȲǸʱĽ
⼸˵ͷȻǿһ㡣
ɱ
ǧһ֣ͼɱ
¡һ޾ɱγɣѹ㣬ʮնŮ
ɱԶ֮ǰĻȣƿ̫ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƕֲ֣飬ֶһһֲ
ʱʱ䳤Ӷ
ӭĺˣŮʱ䳤ڣͷͷ߲ɫ񽣡
ﬣ
ƺӦŮƺ֪Ů˭߲𶯣һʱ䴫ֲĽǧ磬ҡʱ䳤Ӷ˻ζ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
˲Ϣѣǧ˼ɱȫնķ顣
һĻļ¡
⣿
챻סˣʶһֱأҲ֪ܿ£ȴû뵽ô£Ȼ𶯵£һնĴͨ
Գ챦ķˣԶԶˣ⡭챦ôֲ
ۼ׶
áǿ
СҶͯۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ǧȻɫеɱȴԽӿֲˡ
ɱǺܾˣԶԶȲδǱɱǿı䲻Ľ֣㽫𣡡

ǶϣȴһʼĳԾ⣬ʼɭ
ǱŮϢӿֲ
Ҫ˵ô϶Щ˵ΪĳЩض£ʱıġŮƽǣ񽣵һ߲壬ͬʱʱ䷨˿˿Ƶķӿ˫ַɿһĪӡʱ㣬һ
䣡
˸£ŮϵϢͻأǣǳŵĻɽͻأ䱬˰㡣
ʱ䣬ֲĲһɢŮΪתۼ俪ʼϱǿ
漴ֻŮϵǿһ㣬š
жΣ㡭
ǧݡ
ɫǱɱΪʱ䷨ǿн˼ڸδսֱӴڴﵽжΣ
ҲɫÿˣĿɭȻ
һֱʱ䳤ڣʱȻ˺ĻеľɫøŨ̲ס˼ڸδս⡭
ֶΣ̫˰ɣ
Ĳ
䣡
ʱ䳤УŮʱ䷨߲֯ʹâ𶯣˫
ǧˣӣӭϡ
˶֣ʹǧĿһ
ǧﵽжΣǵľ磬ɲһأңδļս֧ŵ˶ãջ
ﬣ
ֱӴǧĻ
Ůһ̶ˣͷ߲һһĿɱֱն˹ȥ
ɱٶ̫ˣ̫ǿˣһʱǽǧնķ顣
֧ŰӡŮ䣬ǰȥͷ߲ͬһػ񽫣жεΪ񽣣ҵʱ䷨򣬼ʱеĹȥʱһϡǣһҲˣ
ƺŮϣ仰µһ˲䣬߲񽣴𶯣߲ɫâһֽз籩̬٣ͬʱ֡
С㡭
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһըǧ֮󣬺Ҳ˴ѣ뱻ն顣


1008 ᾡ
ѪƮʱ䳤УĿģʧɫ
춢ʱ䳤ڣס˸һ֮ʵ̫ǿˣ
桭˰
ļ¡
СҶͯҲǵһԹԲ۾Сֽץ½ǡ
䣡
ʱ䳤ڣǧŭ𣬱ѪתۼؾۣԸ
ɱ
ŰŮʱ⼸˶ûʲô˵ˣֱӶ֡
˺ԶǼޱȿֲֶΣǣһǿĵ۳ɹŮѹȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģʱ䳤ӸǵʮںݺݵĻζǽҪը
ն
ҲʱһնִŮٴζ֣һסͷ߲񽣣ʱ䷨Դ߶ֱնһ߲ɫ⽣ֱӳǧɱȥ
һľˣˣ޼᲻ݣ͸ɱȦֱûǧüġ
ʱ۵һǧٴըѪˮͲйһԵƮܡ
С
ǧŭ
Ůߣʱ䷨߶ݻٴº˵ĹһǧйԱߣе߲񽣾ֱնȥ
һʱ䣬߲ʽ𶯣ǧѪø飬Ŀġ

ǧѪۺϣĳм俿£ȻҪؾ۳
ֻǣŮĻᣬ߲ѹºʱ䷨Ҳһ¡
ǧɱ
ǧ
¡¡ģֲĵ򲨶Ѫӿһ˵ĵһȦȦĳɢŮȵһˣȱѪͷľ£
Ůߣһף߲񽣶ʱâʢЯ޾ĽԸ߿ŭն£ǧһնķ顣⣬û꣬һٴνӡ˫ǣ纣˰ʱ䷨򣬳ǧѹ¡
ʱ𣡡
ߵ
ĸ£ǧйǶʱǷƵĲҽС
Ůվд⣬һǡʱ֮ٴʩչ˫һµԴԴϵĽǧйǰסϵѹ

ǧǿʱŮɱ£Ҳǲɵ÷ҽС
ֹ
˸Զݣʱ򣬶ǸоˣǧϢڼٽͣôȥԻͰһ³ŮС
ֻǣŮʱ䷨߶ݻٴ̫鷳ˣǳǿǼʱڸ޷ǧǱȥ
˵ˣҵսŮٴδһƾӨĽ֯ʱ䷨򣬳ǧһͬʱٴץ߲񽣣նһʱ棬޻ꡭ𣡡
ˣ
ҵĹâǧ֣дʱ䷨򣬼д߲ʽâѹ
ǧֻüһʵĺХǱѹ
ˣ
ʱ䣬ͲѪˮưãΪ֮ʣһ쳹
ɵļ£һϵŮɱʱ
תۼ䣬ʱ䳤лһı鶼Ǳޱѿ
У˱նɱӰ죬ʵ̫޴ˣ

ҧгݣĶŰŮ޲˶Է
ȻҲǽ֯âһ̹ҧ˻ǵʱ
ΪǿߣǲɵǧʱȻ֪Ůʱռŵ̫ˣŮԼԣеŮǱߣǼ£ܻǧһŮն
ѾջأҲʱ˻δʱõĻᱻŮͬɱǰץȡʱʱɱǵϾǼ𣬻ջأԼϡ
ˣ
ԳصͷȻԼ״
£ûԥ⣬ʼδʱء
߲ˡ
Ůߡ
ʱ䷨򣬿ӿ߲У漴ǰݺһնȥ
ʱ䣬͵һʱ䳤ӵζնϣһݵĿȱ
һĻɰһŮӶ߲񽣣նʱ䳤ӣ
ȻǺҲһ¶ı顣
㡭
ŮɵüһӺһ̶ֹס˽ŲΪʱ䳤ӵαŮݵնˣʱ޷طδϾʱ䳤ӣǾУ޷ɹǸȱڣǿȥҲ
ﬣ
̶쳹ʮŮ߲񽣣ˡ
Ḹ׵񽣣ҵʱ䷨򣬼ҵһʱ䱾Դնϳʱȱڣ֧žʮŮڣӰһΣͬһɱͬʱһŻ˵ʮڣˣ
וּһޱߵ߲ʽâɨ񽣵ͬʱС

ŭͨ⡣
ֻǣһǵԤϣȫŮ۷߶߲նʱ䳤սһ֮½˶Ǹնķ顣
ҲʱŮһΣЯ߲񽣣˲Ϣڶ֮ǰ
ټ
򵥵۴Ůд߲񽣺ʱ䷨һݺᣬһķ籩һУһ֮ѹ
Уһ̱ʧͬʱѪһԲ¡
춢ʱ䳤ڣ̲סҲŮնˣ
𣡡
˴ʱ۳ͬʱ̧֣Ҫͨɱ
ŮĶǿˣȡȻ󣬲˿ֵĻᣬ޾ʱһʱ串Ƕϣһν˵顣
漴Ůٴο粽ʱ䳤ڣٶȼ־ɱ
£
գ
ʱ棡

Ʈʱ䳤УŮ֣˫ƣʱ߲֮ʽâһɱڻ˻ûо۳ǰǽٴ֡


ҽд̶־ɱֱӱն
תۣѪưãѪգ
ǿŭӣԴȼԴǿʵһ˲ؾ۳ʱǶŮһ˿־塣
ֻǣŮıȴʼղ䣬һ־Ǳʽֱ߲ӱϡ
ﬣ
һ̶Ůʱ䷨߲񽣴߶һµ㣬񽣽һ߲ʹն¡
ɫ䣬ܣҼͨ忹⣬ȻȴûãŮʱ䷨߶߲񽣣ʵ̫ǿˣһնС
ۣ
ըҲһһ
һ˲䣬ŵ㣬ߴδɱֻʣºһˡ
Ҳʱ͵һʱ䳤ΣŮ߲նϵʱȱڻָͨˡ
ಣ
ûаԥ磬ֱӳʱ䳤εδȥ
Сعδ󣬱Źģ

ߴ֦ͬȴȻŮУӰ죬̫ˣ
ŭţٶȼ죬գ۱ƹŮʱ䳤ӿȥ˺Զ롣
ԴˣŮȴǸ׷ֻһߣزȥ
ˣ
£ʱ䳤һƸֶÿһƶ֯޾ɱ⣬ÿһƶ·һɱ졣
ӡܣǵķΧޱȾˣֱӸ˺Ļط·ҽ֮С
ʱɫ־ŭֵֿĶŰŮ㡭ʲôʱģ
ûҪ㡣
Ůߵ
䣬һɱһ𶯣ǣɱ
Ѿˣӭܼɱƣ㱻
һ˲䣬ضž
ȫˣ
춢ʱ䳤ڣŮֹס˸


1009 羳
ľǽͣһ˲˲Ķʱ䳤ڵŮ
̫ǿˣ
Ůʱ䳤УʱƫͷЦģһǿʱ䳤ӡ漴ʱ䳤ɲʧʮҲ˱ðָƽյģ
ﬣ
һ𣬵ȴ̶Ůе߲𶯣һ߲ϼ⣬ɲǼصʶУٴʶڳһ
ŮɻʶУ΢΢ƲƲ죬ܿǰ
ĸףǲǺܳԾѽ
Ц죬ϵϢ䣬ú֮ǰͨ޼
ȷʵܳԾδŮܵʱɱδɱ߸ǿߣǲԾǾ治ˡʱŮЦĿֲЩգеЦһʱ䶼֪˵ʲô
ۣҲޱȾȣС㡭СӵŮʵϣѾٷְŮδŮȴ̲סôʡ
ѽŮͷ˵ţϸֱԻ̫ľĽɫâҩ⣬콣âƺƵȣЩǸ׵ȫѧˡ
֮ǰʵѾǼŮչֳһͨʱٴμ̲סЩ΢
ǡ
̾ϢһʱҲ˵Ļ
Ů⣬Ц죬գգۣĸףô㶼˵ûʲôôƯŮ˵𣿡
캹գ˶٣ʶʵĸǣ
ôʣҲǲɵöŮȷʵǳ档
Բĸףĸ׻ҵľ֣ܸ㣬ǿȥرܣһŵģ˵һСģҵĴھͻʧ
ŮЦĵ
΢üôأ
ţȥδӰ죬ǳΪֱӵĹϵǳأ
Ůͷ
ԣҲǱɫ˵ͷɲǰѪԵƯŮĴʧҾͲˡ˵ţ˶٣һЩ£Ůʮд˵ƿʮ죬ܵϤ֮أɾͨ쳹صʮʹδˣǴųᵽδڳʾô£
ŮδʱǶʮˣ羳Σƿʮ򣬾ֱӴӻ羳ܵõ⣬Ҳеյ㣿Ůһʳһ⡣
ʳһϵе⣬ҲǽŮ¶ǳɫı飬ȻԴ˺ܹģϾʮĴ˵漰֡ͬʱ̲סֹʮ죬磬ʣүҪԺˡ
Ů͵ЦĸףͻȻ˺ö⣬֯ԡ˵ţŮ룬ֿڣһ羳ȷʵ硣ڶ羳󲢷ֱӾż󾳽硣εȷ·յ㣬ϻΣҪ磬ܼѣǳļѣȻ󣬴ﵽˣȷʵͬ٣²
˵ţŮ˶٣ֵʮ˵ʵָֻо߱ɾʵڴﵽһʵʱƿʮ߳ʮʮ죬߳ʮȥأﵽ߶ȣﵽ߶ȣܵҾͨ쳹ص
ʮԹ˵Ȼ˼羳ȻĻľΣؼ飬Ŀ
һʱ䣬һһǾࡣ
ǣ羳֮ľ磬嶼ʲô쿪ڣ漴ֵʮ֮⣬иأ
Ů죬Цĵ羳Щ磬Ḹ״ﵽһ߶ʱȻͻ֪ˣ֪ˣԸ㲢ûʲôʵʵ壬Ҳûһ˿һĺôʮ⣬Ȼиء˵ţŮգգۣ㲻֪ʮ⣬һˮɫǳĴ𣿡
ԣʱݣɵЩ˸
ˮɫǳǴƬġ
Щ죬Сӣ㻹֪ʮأ
֪һ㡣
ûоĻشֻǼ򵥵ĵ¡
ʮеǴ
ŮЦʵḸףʲôʵ𣿡
롭

ôһδľǿߣȷʵ֪Ķ
ˣʲô룿ʱֿڣĻ۵δѾһǳֲĸ߶ȣʸʲôѾԸˡ
壬ôΪŮʱæڣԵ÷ǳ棬ԼӰδǣδӰȴ΢΢򵥵˵Ḹ׻ɱδĸҲʧһ޴Ӱ
ǣδȡõĳɾͣḸ׶ԣûбȻӰϵḸδԼǿиУȡʲôɾ͵ģӰ쵽ܶ¡ŮȥδӰ죬δڹȥӰ죬ȫԵȵģ
ıǳ֣أ棬ǶǶ콲Ļ֮ǡȥǿɾˡ
⡭
ۣһʱ仹治֪˵ʲô
ȻûҪ֮˿и뷨ŮĻȴǲɵЩݣʱĺá
ŮſڣС˵ʵԭڻɱ˺󣬽ḸԺйҺԼδмȫĨģǣͻȻǶḸ׵ĲأԣҶ֪ôˡ
⻰ЩĬ֪ԼδһЩ£Ժ·ĻдӰ죬Ҫģĵǣ֪ŮĴڣ֪ŮδŮ¾֪ܲŮĸ׺Ůľ֣ԺΪǵŮδŮҲڲ֪ΪĳЩ¶Ӱ쵽ŮĴڣδŮĴţˣԳܡ
˶٣۵һ˿Բ⣬Ů֮Լ֣ǶԹδļ飬֪ԼδĨ˴ԺĨȥȻһЩδ޹صõĶһ¡
Ůԣ΢¡
죬ǿΪ۵׿һĨ⣬׽ʱʲôƯ۾ǲɵˮĸףŮ֪ҪǺԼδļӰ쵽ŮĴڣʵʲôӰģҪŮŮֻ£֪Լδ£ḸԺ·ִıʣʱŮǵǼӵʧְТ


1010 ֱ
ŮĻ첻ɵ΢ЦδŮƯǺġŮЦ̫ˣðΣգδصʱңҲͲТռߣӦøлġ
ǵģôܶŮ˵лءŮᣬȻŮʱûгҲҵĸסһֱ׶ĸףԼλСϦùãᣬѹζԼϣŮǳ۰ŮһѪⶼǸ׸ģܸܳ׵ĸл֡
쵭ЦŮԴ֮ö룬ѾˣΪԼңԼ֣ҲûҲʲô˵
ҪĨδļ䣬ҪΪŮҲȷһΪԼΪպһֱǵԼδĳɾͣиУʱ뵽ԼδĳɾʱҲܻ᲻ɱһЩиϾʥˣʼտ顣һˣǿܶĵ͵޴Ӱ죬ԣĨԼδļ䣬Ůá
ǣŮǻá
ˣô졣
һö
ŮȻ֪ҪΪڰο˫ˮƵġ
ְοһŮŲᣬָ
Ȼ˵֮չҪĨ䣬үи̲סһʡŮС֮ǰүȫҶʱ㷴˵ô֪˼ǴһӶﵽⲻİɣ
Ů죬дЩɫĺкüһӶﵽǿĲˣؼһͥ
Ůԣ΢΢һ죬ԵЩ˼ʱһ˵ģʵδʱһң͸ףĸ׺ҴﵽλƯСϦùûûдﵽ˵ţֵλСϦùҲģѾûжԶˡ
⻰ɵ÷˷ۣⲻǲ𡣡漴Ů̲ס̾ϢѾͷ̫ɫˣ㼸λСùãΪѾֱ׷δĸ׺δĸˡ
ŮЩ˼ЩԺ죬Ϊ̳˸׺ĸ׵ǿѪƿʱ䷨еʵеȽϸ߶ѡ
ۣˣСɱǫ顣
վԱߣҲû˵ʲô
ˣ
ʱŮһȦȦΣ֯ϡ
΢ôˣ
СҶͯҲǶݡ
ŮԼûµḸףȻƿʱ䷨ʱ令£ͣڲҵʱԺضһЩʱͣʱվƵģڣʱܹͣʱϾҪľˣʱ䷨ӦҪǿȥˡ
˵ţĹθˣʱ䳤ڽԻ鵭ˡ
вᣬǵͷ΢Цȥɣʱ䳤Уעⰲȫ˵ţԼЦЦˣƿʱ䷨ӦòΣա
Ůǰӵ죬Ȼ˺鵭ˡЩᣬȴǴЦǣټˣĸףŮδΪףġ˵ţСҶͯ壬СҶʦ֣ټ
ѾͷδĸãȻҲûɶСһʱ䳤Уעⰲȫ
˵
ټѽС㡣
СҶ֣ͯŮĳƺС㡣
Ůͷ֣漴ǽĿϣˣĸףǱ񽣣أδĴﵽ۷ĸҲûȫŪ壬޷Լƿʱ׻ΪڵԶԶûδǿ󣬶Ÿ׵Ѫ߶ȣЩҲӰ졣
ԣֱݣʶе񽣣ôأ
ˣ
ҲʱŮøŨ漴һ̱û뵽ʱ䳤У̼ʧ˵ҰУ漴ʱ䳤Ҳ˲Ϣʧ
һʱ䣬ŮϢҲʧˣ̤˷δó̡
Ůᵽġ񽣺ءľлعŮ뿪ķЩͲᣬ̲ס΢΢̾һпɫ
Сӣ̾Ϣпˡ漴ԼҲһ̾ϢȷֵпһʼѾͷΪǿЩǵͨŮĳмӵܣȴ룬ȻСӵŮδʱ㣬ô˵أ⡭Ů͸˰
С
СҶͯ
ˡͷʲô췭۵СӣѾͷƿصĵʲôˣδֵӦ֪ġ
⻰ҲͻȻӦһˡֻһ˲ҡͷʵҲûʲôˣ֪񣬶ûӰ졣
Ůʧĵط
ˣȻҲͲٶ˵ʲô
ҶͯǰվԱߡ
תۼ䣬Сʱȥ
һʱ֮ǰƽ˺ܶ࣬ȻҲһ
ҶͯΪС֮ıԶûأͱúƽʱһˡ
ڣδļˡδļ䣬·ûκκôҪǣһֱǵŮδŮڲ֪ĳЩӰ쵽ŮĴڣͬʱǵˣ˻ǵãҲ鷳ԣҪСҶͯĹڶŮδļҲһĨ˵ţҶͯʵǣԸ𣿡
ۣʲôԸģŮô˵ҲүֶŮΪ˱δֶŮκһ˿ΣգĨôδ䣬ë
Ըģ
СҶͯҲ
Цһһ˵ͷü΢΢⣬껷ƶû뵽СҶͯʶУͬʱԼʶڣҲ׼һЩصļӡǣһὫǹڶʹδˣԼǶԹδмȫĨֻһЩδ޹صõϢķ࣬羳ΪΣԼʮ˵ʵ˼ȡ
ŵ֮ΪĶҲǴеֽ֪Ƕļ䶼ĨȥԷñµЩͻȻģܻͻȻΪʲôǻվطϣˡ
ƨ£ûʲôӰ죬īʲôϽġ

ͷĬĬŮֵټ
һʱ䣬֮⽫СҶͯƣԵĨʶڵĹڶŮԼδļ䣬漴֮ҲǽԽԽ΢

ʱһΣܿ죬һӺܿȥ
ʱһŵ֮⣬Ѿɢһɶ

΢粻֪ʲôطʹһ΢£Ǹո˯һ
ţܣʲôطʲôʱģ
СҶͯͷ֪ѽǺʦԴѰ龧ʲôġ
ɣ𣿡
վһߣʱ򣬱ҲǺãȻ
ףôԺжණʱ̲סг羳磿ǧ⻹ɵʮ⣬иأУʮϴԣָ
ҶͯԺҲЩѽôͻȻðˣ
СҶͯҲڡ
վԭأʱСҶͯһĸоʶڵ񽣣ǳأ챦롭ǣôðģü漴ƫͷܣ񷣺ôǵã֮ǰиˣһֱҵġ


1011 ȥ
ܣüͷ΢΢ţܾԼһˣȥ룬ȴôҲ벻
ۣ˸ˣ̫ˣһֱүС㡣
ѽʦû˵ġ
СҶͯҲ
кɣɨܣ漴ҡҡͷԼˡ
ֿڣʶеЩôͻȻð˳֡ˣأӦżȻ￴ġ漴죬Сӣǧ⻹ɵڿӦþǳǧ֮ĵֵ֪𣿡
룬Уֻеķѣ̫ͳˣ޷ֱĳ
ĵ鷳
̲סַۡ
쵹ǲ⣺ûʲôϵ֪񣬶ҶûʲôʵӰ졣
ô˵ţŵģһ棬ʶеһ˲˲Ķʶײ߲񽣣챦ףʲôԺжĹ񽣵һ㣬ûȥᣬΪһֱͷǳأң˲²⣬񽣵Ʒ챦룬ԣʱ񽣣ֻǵԺжĹ񽣵һԼһζ񽣵ĸп
Щ꼯룡ʱ򣬾񽣣ӦҲܽʮıݸնأɾ֮
оâ֯
һ̤·Ŀ꣬
ʱ棬ԺжĶʱʱһĨ⡣
벻羳Σһʱ䣬ͻȻõۻҲʲôˡ

Դ˺һδﵽͨɾʱ֪Σ˲ʲô˼һƾ㡣ڣ㷢ֻ羳ΣҲֻ֪·ϻбȻ羳ߵľѣ羳˶ڵ˵޵еģɱǱȰβݻҪ򵥡
ۣүô˵˵ѣôľûۻʲʲô
бһۣû˵ʲô
ʦʲôѽ
СҶͯʱڡ


·֪˸ණǾãӦøŬǿ
үҲô룡

ͷЩŹֵĿܣ漴кСҶͯ뿪
֮йɽڳ˲龧
漴һۣ¹ȥ
һ죬һɽУʮĸһͷͷ޸սս־ޱȡ
أˬүٴε澳
ĿЦ쳹ɽС
Һʲô
վڲԶűߵĴʯҹȥ
һζ;Ѱ˺üԴʹΪʱ뵽澳Σʵǣǿͬһʱ䣬µʱαչأҲǴﵽڶжΣսࡣ
壬أɷȴǽС
СҶͯһ˵
¹ȥСҶͯˣΪȻҲǿ࣬ﵽվ硣
˷ۣȴһҲ⣬ĴųԶ˹񣬵ڶδﵽ澳磬սɱȵһδﵽ澳ʱǿָоǳʱĺٺֱЦ
Сӣǽȥ

н֯â˶٣ȥ򣡡Ԥ˳һ򵽵ھÿһ䶼߲񽣵ĽƬԣҪһϲ磬߲ĽƬ缯ȫ񽣣̫ˣ˵ܿ·ߵ죬ʶе񽣣ӹΰ
ȷʵӦȥˡͷ漴üͷСҶͯСô죿ڿ޷뵽ȥ
ӵﵽҪ벽澳ΪҶͯŽֻվѣܿ뵽򣬾ԱԴ໤ҲѣϾǴӵ򵽵ʱŻѹĿ£Ϊ˵ҪվСҶͯӵ̫ΣգвпܵСҶͯʱŻڱǵȻѹ飬Ӷ
СҶͯСһԴѾˣСһȥ򣬻ǵڶ򣬵һҲС
²ϲУΪҪһڱһڸߣǴϲ²磬ǲûΪϵҪСҶͯԴӵﵽκһ򡣶񣬵𻯵ţڶа׼ңһзںĹȣŷǳܵĹϵСһȥȥõܺõչˣȫõʲô
ԣʱǰһԣǳ˽⣬Ȼ֪򣬵ڶ͵һźϵޱȽܵĴڣСһȥõѡ
ͷƫͷѯСҶͯ
ʦġ
Сһܹɡ
Цŵͷüļâ֯һ򣬵ڶ򣬵йص˶뵽СҶͯʶڡ漴ٴζ֣ڻȡƷʯƽȡĨϵԼӡǣ֮Сһʶ
ʯ͸㻤壬üסҪ˵ţüļâ˸콣Сһʱͨ˵Ӧ㹻ˡܽƿصһľ磬ʦٴ
Сһ˫ģܹоԼʦµǿͷ
һЦСһԴȥɣʦͲˡСһƷ壬ңϾƹһݴ񣬽һСһڣۻʾ˸вСһԣСһİȫ⣬СһԼߣĥСһá
С㣬ȥɣ·СһЩ
Ҳڡ
Ҷͯͷָ𣺡ʦټټСͯǵġ˵ţСһ죬գ۾ʦǸСͯȥڶ͵һݼλʦ
Уʦ㼸λʦʺá
һЦ
Ű
Ҷͯͷֻ֣Ծϸ߿գͨʱŻλ÷ȥﵽվ磬Ȼǿշˡ
һĻЦҪʿôСһȻշУ֪øʲô
ҲһЦĿСһﳹԶʧҰУһԵͨʱŻλá
߰ɡ
˵
ͷţ
£һһڿն𣬳ͨʱŻڶȥ
ǵٶȼ죬ûкķѶñͨʱŻǰһ޴ʯ̨Ϻһɫɣֱغϣ·Ǻųһ㣬ܵĿռ˼ΪŨϢ


1012 ղ
ǰͨʱŻԵúƽϾʱŻѾܶˣһģһ
ߡ
ûԥͣһ𣬾ֱ뵽ʱŻС
һʱ䣬ͬǰ㣬ڰûС
漴Ⱥڰûг̫ãһ̣гһ˿𣬽һȥ˦˳ȥ
ʱһһһʯ̨ԵȻҲһʱŻܱһֲŨ
򣬵ˣ

֣ƬܶΣȻǶǰƬ
ͷ뿪ʱŻǰߡ
طʱŻǰһƬ޴ԭݲߣԼҲңȴĺܣ紵ݼһҡڣֱһɫ˳
Ƭԭϣγɵɫ˳ҲǾͦġ
Ǹˣˣ
ͻȻһͺ
ɶ⣬ʿߣһ˾ֱеһö顣
󣬼˿ٳԶȥٶȷǳ졣
ԶԶ⼸ˣ⼸˸ղŵǾ䡰ǸˣˣָΪ˾ǿ³֣һֱŵƵġ⼸ˣŲһΣֻһڼǰ˵ǰ·ضϡ
㡭
˽Ǿ
⼸ˣĮʵʲôˣ
ʲô˾Ͷˡ
Ҳ˹Ʋ
һһ۾Ϳ⼸ƺһֱ˾Ĳ
˼ǰƺЩη壬תܡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ϣʮ׼ȷڼ˽űߣļһͣ
ʲôˣ
ٴʵ
ʿΪǿֻǴʶΣʱ죬һ΢ЩڶһͷĶħ㣬Ȼ֪ˡ
ˣ
ʱطռ𶯣һŻͻأߵӰȺпΪ߸ߣɢޱȾ˵Ϣ߿ʢ¯һ㡣
ˣʿʱ˿üǣ
߸֣߳һʱǶס죬һжɭȻɱ
СƬˣһ˶죬еɱ˿ҲΣֶ㣡գǵĽ֣ң
춢ſڵˣɨˣһ˲лһĨ΢⡣
ղҵˣ
䵭ʱо߸ϵϢ
ûղҵˣϵϢ͵ڵ׵ղСƤһģһ͵׷ɱǵȺղҴʿҲһͬղҺĹžЦҲϳϢ漴ɨ򼸸ʿ⼸ˣղϵˣΪ̫ûʸղҺĹžϲ߱ղҵǵϢʹһʱûио
һǲμǿȥɱûгɹɳǿȥȴҲǣ޹֮󣬾ӦûԱɼϵʿͨƬʱŻֻҪֶ֣֪ͨղҵǿԷֱԿռ䴫̨Ϲ
֮ڵʱŻڵӦΪ͵̨̫ϡղþڵڵҪ࣬ԾȻڵ򡣸ղţǼʿƺһöӦþ֪ͨղ˵ⶫˡ߸ߣϵЦŨЩ˵ھ뵱үڵʱѾǹȥͷǾȻꣿ
߸ɫӽɱ
Σչǵȵһ̣
һ˵
Ȼү²һղһĳЦ漴ܿ¶һĨı飺߸Сɱûܻȫ
Ѿ˳˶Ǵ۷壬ǳǿ񾡹ǵڶδﵽ澳ɶҲ鷳ϾǸյһء鷳ȴᣬʵȫ֣صҲǶ֡ң컹һʥ벽ǿˣҲɱ
ղ˵ø䣬ɱŨ
ͷʴʵ󣡡
ֱ£
ͷֱɱҪʱ£ѹɣȥؼ壬Ƥ꣡

漴һ̣˽Ƕˣ⽻֯ǿʢ⣬ɱˣٶҲǳ죬תۼǰʩչצûĵצӡͬʱ˫˫ȣȻҪ֫Եޱȵĺ
ģצӡܵնΪ֮һĿ顣
תۣĵצӡǰ
ûʲô̽ĵצӡķ顣
漴ֱּ̧֣â֯һƳצղǿȥ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ռ˶ֻһ㡣
צǸղǿ߶ʱݣоһƵĿ£ͻأоһȱ챦ѹ㣺㣿
ۣ
Ĵ£ֱӽĵķ顣
ͬһʱ䣬΢΢һ𣬽ɫĻ浱ӿղ泤ϵѪһסʱʹöԷĲҽ
⣿
ϾȻһƾͣ͡
ôܣ
ǽɫĻ棬ǡʲô
⣬
ղȴֵļʿɫı顣
ȻղҳҲ𾪣ˣǴ۷壬һȴȻһƾͱˣǺεǿǣͬʱǵȽɫĻǺȻʱ˳
ף
һ𺳵
⻰һղҼʿͲ
⣬ǡףִ˵Уܷٻٵ𣿣
⼸ʿ㤣Ȼʶף˵

ҽ̶ǳ
ղǸϱһֱ֣ĻᶼûУ
죬ˣֹС
ղ泤У˽е
ʱ䣬ͬʱˣһ֣ѹȥǼǿͨ
˳˿䡣
ﬣ
ϣ콣֣ÿһŴݿɱ罣㳯˾ȥ˵ͨȫն飬ͬʱƵ˶ЩǱһȽ

ҲʱղǸŵ泤ϷһҽУȫ߶ĴֱӽѪһɶ
ϣˣ
ղҾطļʿ־壬ǵһ۷峤ϣȻôٵľͱɱȻ棬һľ
ͬһʱ䣬ղ߸־ŭĿ£ŭôɱղһǿߣղҵʧ̫ˡ
˵ȱ飬ûа仯䵭
һ̣ٴζ֣һ콣ʱ𣬽ͣ漴ವķɳղ泤ȫС


1013 ղʲô
콣飬ǧ򣬽ղ泤ȫ֣ɱϡʱ䣬ձնĳһѺۣµĽղϽĲ
ɱ⣬ǺǿᣬǴҲΣգҪ⣡
һͺȡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģȫ֣Գͨ˽ҲԻ˳һ콣âͬķΧɱϡ
ɫ䣬ֻһŲһαʧԭأӰһǳղһ泤ǰֱ̧֣Խɫȭѹ¡
ˣ
ʱ䣬µȭͬһը˰㡣
ղǿߵ¶֮ɫһȭֻоһǳѹ˹ҽܵпռ䶼ˣܺ˶޷
㡭
ۣ
Ѫˮɽղǿֱӱһȭķ顣
ղ˶ݣһͨһɱȥ
ͷҲأһͼԻֱӭ˹
Ϊﵽڶ죬սѾǿ࣬żˣûʲôѹڵû̫
ˣ
üĹâ֯ӿһڰɫɳֱűղǿ£ȵĻꡣ

ҽʧղǿֱӱһն
һˣ
ô
⡭
ղҼʿ
ıɲ䣬ƽȴ䵭
ƫͷղˣһһԻкĴɽӣѪɫѷ죬ҶݺоȪʥһʼͼƺƵĳѹ䣬һʱ佫ȫס
ȫ֣ȴɲУͼͨǿޱȵɱͬʱϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըղ泤ϽԱѹķ飬Ŀġ

ŭ𣬿۳
㡭
ʱ죬˶ˣһǴ۷壬ɱһˣҲûʲô⣬ȴ˿Ҳκβ죬ڶʱھͱɱˣʣµҲش
ôүʹˣôͲһط
һŲ
ʹղﻹŵ泤ϵɫúѿ
ɭȻɨĿϣжŨŨļɵ
ߣ
һ˵ͳ
ս̫ˣǵԤϣͨʱĽ֣˶Ѿǿ˳ǺҲĶ֣£ֻ
ˣӳ飡
˵ͷ⽻֯Ժˣǻ糯Զȥ
ղҼʿɫһ䣬Լһļ泤ϣƽռȻ񣬾Ȼôˣ
ʱôţȴһβܣǶˡ
̡
ղҧɫѿȴǲ˶ͣ£ٶȸЩǶǿߣľ̫Ϊһ̾ǿ
˶ߣȴǲأɵĮּе⽻֯
ˣ
Ƭռ䣬ɱԻֱӽضղ˵ǰ·ҽȫΧһɱ⽻֯׹䣬ԵЩˡ
ղɫ䣬ǸоܵɱƵĿɲ䶼졣
ģʲôʱ£
һ˺ȵ
쵭Įɨһۣܼһɱֱӳ£һ㣬ֱķ顣
Щɱƣȷʵӡ£Ϊ߽׼ɱ󣬶Ϊӡ߽ɱȻͬһ㣬Ĩɱһǿߡ
ɱ
Į
Ż£ɱƿӿɿļȡķռɱһ壬һ߽߳ű¡

һҽУղǿߵͬʱһ·飬
ʱղѹʣˣı鶼Ǳøѿ۵׽¶ڵľ֮ɫҪ֪ǿǿߣޱȼͣǹԲôɱģǰȼǿߣȴȻ߹һʹˡ
춢⼸ˣ΢Σ콣âԻ϶
һʱ䣬ղĸ泤϶һ
һ˼סס֣һж
ԣһͣ漴̲סЦ
ҳ֣ɱңڴ򲻹ңֶ˵һжʲôҷǻȥ²һȻԸõ͸ǿֶɱң𣿡
˵
ƽǻеķζȴޱԣǸ˶
ǣղ˵ɫǸѿˣһקȭͷһƢЩ𱬵˺ڣҧˣ̫ţ̫Ҫ֪ǿǽǵ̫ݣƳڣʱҽĵĻᶼûУ棬һָͷܵ㣡
ţЦǵĳŮֻΪ˿ҵ˼䣬ҪݣҪɱǣȻһδο׷ɱǣɱңڣ˵ţ˭ţ˵ţŵ⣬ڳղҵ棬һָͷܵңʲôвң
ղҿڵɫֻࣺ˵ʵղң˭ǵģ
ߣЦĸ䡣
˭ǵģЦǰҾˣڣҾͼǣ
ˣ
âֻ֯ͼֱ𣬵һʱƵʥĹâ
ӭͼղ˸̲סһов
㣬㡭
ļ¡
춢ˣĵھĻĹҶǣղʲôֻһѣΪˣ
Ż£ֻͼâʢЯѹֱѹ¡
ղһֻûˡ
ȫֵ
һ˽е
һʱ䣬˸Գͨ򣬺¡¡Ӱֻͼ
ֻǣڶֻͼô׵ֵ˺ͨһʱ䱻飬漴ֻͼƺƵѹ£һ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪŲҽըղ˵һʱ䱻ֻͼķ飬ֱΨһǿ˳һֵĳԶߡ
ߣȭɫĴԻһȭ˵ȥ
ɲǼ䣬׷ɾϣ˵š

ҽУϧȴǸãתۼǱ׷ٻٵһɶ


1014 Ϥ
ԭܱüžղ˵߸泤ȫնһõʬ嶼ûܹ£ֻһƬƬʺѪˮһϣĿġ
ôǣȫȫ
ղļʿ֣ɪɪ
ƫͷ⼸ˡ
ʱ䣬⼸˲ĸǿ־ı飺㡭㡭˵ţ⼸ĳԶȥһɫ԰ס
ûж˵ʲôϽâ֣ƿյ⼸ȫĨɱ
˫ѾȷĵжԹϵǲѶϵȥԵ顣
žղҶĻӭʽ˹Ŀڣ漴ֵˣĴУС˵ҲƬ򣬶ԷǰһӣҲĵˣôƬֱӾҪɱ㡣ղҺͰ壬ǵĶǿ
ԣ΢΢˫ۣĻȻ˼ǰڵǸˣԷܲ򵥣Ϊ壬ʵҲ޻˵ͬǿĵˣڵʱԷһսǹؼʱֻȹС˭ʤ˭˵
´ټ
ĵ
˵ţûͣƽƬԭȥ
Сӣȥģʲô
Աߡ
ȿߣȻ

һƬٵȿƬɽӡ

λãղҡ
ղ޾ɽм䣬ܼձһһְ
ʲô
һŭХղҵһд
ڣղļ־ŭһһͬһʱ䣬ڻղҳϣҲɫŭݡŰʱǰһʱŻĵӴֵϢ߸صĳǰɱԭ˽ѹأȴղڵϨˣȫܲղЩ˾ŭ
Ȼˣȫɱˣ
Ҳ飡ٶȲټ
ղҼ
ȥ˺ԶŨɱ⣬ʹղڵһЩӵܽǲɵúݺһ

嫹󣬱ƬҪǿ࣬ɽΡ룬Ϣ
ʱһƬɽУɵô˸硣
죬Сӣ룬һղڵ㡣
бһۣô
Ƭɽֿȥûʲôޣƽ㣬ɵ
ƬУӲǰȥ
Ĵһԣһһܿ߳ȥ˺Զ絽ɽС
ʱǰ⣬ͻȻиСŮžңӺǸСһܿܵûӰ
Ǹǣ
΢ݡ
ҲЩ֮ɫȻȥһ㣬Ȼֻһ۲ȷʵǺ͵۳ӡǸСŮǳ񣡡
ߣ
һ磬תʮɡ
СŮȥ͵С̫ˣȻЩȡ
ٶȺܿ죬ֻѣͿɣԶԶĿǰĺСŮ
С
̽ԵĽ
ǰСŮȻͣЩɵתȥһ۾Ϳ졣漴СŮһ㶣ֱ¶ϲı顣
磡
СŮһɫĺƯȻͲ󣬵ȴǺܿܵԱߣһȥǸСһϡ
ЩźСŮɵЦС
ԭֻǾúСŮ죬ЩСԸ̽Խһû뵽ССŮֱ˹ϡ
ţң
СŮĵ
СŮԴСŮѾǺü겻СŮѾ࣬һƯĺ£˿Ե÷ǳԡ
ԱߣСȻǸӡСŮô˵ţСĵĳܴô˵ǸӦҲط
Զݣܡ
СϾߵģСϾȻҲӦڡ
ܣȴǲûзϾӰ
С뿪СϽأģ
С
ʱûɨƬɽ֣ϾСطСͿˡ
ϽأҲ֪Ͻġ
С
ʹЩ֣ǣô
СϾߵģСվطȴǳƲ֪ϾģЩ벻ͨԱߵһŹֵı顣
Űʦһġ
С
ˣʦСʦȥȴԲϾ顣
ţʦƯСлױƵĵʦǰ濴һأûȥժЩССһ͸ʦġ
ʹ˼֣Ͼ߰󣬽иչˣ
ʱС磬һȥʦѽǰء
ţС㿪ڣȻǵͷ
ڿϾȷʵǽСиչˣԷȻطȻȥһ
߰ɡ
С
СĵĵͷһŻһ죬Ӹǰȥ
Сʮ߳ͦԶ
ʱǰʮÿһ궼ŴԼߡ
ǰһ۾ͿһվһŮӣ񻣬ʱñ
ʦ
СĵĽ
ɽƮ磬ۺһһƬƬƮڿУŮתһϮɫȹ·Ǵӻ߳࣬Ƭضʧ˼ɫ
һʱЩסˣΪŮЩ֣ΪϡԼŮӣôҲ벻ȴܾúϤ
ɽ续˸ʤ
ŰŮӣɵֱӵԲ˫ۣʶĵô˸
ʦ
СֵĵܵŮߡ
Ů˼㣬·ںһ𣬶Сͷ漴
Ůӣ
СӣһֱŰ

ǰߺ˸ˣȴʼ벻Һ񣬼Ůӣں˵
@#%ɵͷۣƨ˸ˣСűƯƲ۰ʲôˣҲ̫ˣ
£ŮӿȥԼʮңȺƮĿƿ䵽ϣʲôˣ죬δſڶķʽͬƮƬռ


1015 
ŮӵܺȻδڣֻȴû˿Υ͸УԵǴӻ߳һ㣬һֲʳ˼̻ʡ
ʦǴ磬ǰȹ
СŮӵ
Ҳʱع˶٣ǰ˼ãҽ졣
ŮӣϤĸоʼպŨ
졣Ůӱ鲻䣬һȪˮȻΨ΢һЩȴҲֻһ˲ѣᵽ㡣
ᣬȻطȴ˶
΢㶣ܿͷӦŮӿеӦָϾ飺ǣѣ
Ůӵͷû˵ʲô
ʦϽǺܺõءСʱֿڣ˵ȻֽеĻݸŮӣʦ͸ѽ
лл
ŮӽӹСĻ¶һ˿Цͬŵһ˲䣬ÿ˼㡣
΢΢Ϥ
ɵ÷ۣС㹻˰ȻŮȷʵƯĲ񻰣ҲڱԳ̫ѷˣ
ɨһۣԹҡҡͷ
˶٣Ůǰ˼i
ŮӴС͸Ļ΢΢̧ͷ죺ģ̫ˡᣬû־ǧ֮ĸоҲƺϰ߲̫
ԣʱЩΣ
СŮӵֱۣҡҡʦǺˣܺõˣҪûд磬Ѿˡ
ŮӿС죬û˵ʲôȴҲûˡ
ɽƮ磬ۺһһƬƬ䣬ƮڿУдһ˿˿㡣
ŮһϮɫȹһƬƬƮһ˼㣬Ͽһ˿һĲһķ羰ܵһжΪ֮ʧɫ
վһߣûдš
תۣʮȥɽķͣˣƮŵĻȫڵϣƬƬۺ졣
ŮջĿ⣬кСɽȥ
磬һѽ
Сܵԣɷ˵һߣܿŮƽһ
ԴˣȻܾü겻СҲûʲôҪȥ£ܹһͬУȻͦá
һʱ䣬ŮӾңСм䣬֮һ㡣
Ůƫͷ۴ʱ죬ƿĿ⣬û˵ʲô
ŮӣʱѾ֪࣬ϾŮǺѣС󣬽СиŮӣŮСӡһһߴŮӣϤĸоʼմڣ˶ʵˣǣ
¡
Ůǰߣƽϵıûа仯ûȥ졣
£ԱߣŮӣʶĵⲻ·𣿡
ðߣһʱûסһĳ
أķ˳ȥԶߵС㡭
ûдŮʵҪȥģʵһΪŮʵ̫ˣ˵ԷԲᷢ
Ҷ
»࣬ɲ䣬ûȥ졣
£Ϊʲô˵ӼŮӵڣԷÿһֶȻܺȴܺ档
ԣŲͣ
۾Ư˳ķ˿ں磬ɽµŮȴûʲô飬ʼպܰƫͷ죬촽΢΢˶ǿ˵˵̫鷳ɺᣬɼࡣ
죺
ֿ죬û˵ʲôǰȥ
쵱Щգȥ
µĿһֱǰЩ֣쿴ʱʱ΢΢ü
Ϊʲôһֱҡ
ͣ½Ųƫͷ죬
ûлرܣҾã㣬Ϥ
죺ңһγ
⻰˼ͱȽˣܼ죬ܼ
Ѿ˻ʱµ⻰ɵþֱЦһȡЦ죺Сӣ˰ɣϤЦүˣ
ȭ
¿죬ֳǰȥ
ϣϤĸоǿѹ£ֻʱʱŮӡòϣŮӵƯľˣеǷҪһ覴óǾǣöԷʵ̫ˣһƽ㣬ڰЩľɵģΣŮһǰУ֪˵Щʲô
գֻԹҡͷ漴СС⼸һЩ¡
С죬ȻǺܸ˺ܿģȸԾĺ˵ԼЩ£Ȼ޷ǶһЩճС¡
ϴЦżһۡ
ԱߣĵĶ
ܿ죬һ߳ɽ֣йһξǰһСǡСǵĹģܴ󣬵ȴ
²ûͣԹԳǰ
ҪҵĶ
ʵ
˵һ·ϣϾڴ·ǸµĲߡ
ǡ
´
ǽȥʲôϢ
Ź֡
ǡ
ԣ˶٣ʵðɣ㵽ҪȥﻹжԶ
ǳأǰ棬Զ
ƹȥˣûбҪС
ֱߣ򵥡
죺
˵ʲôˣԹԵĸԱߡ
ܿ죬һ˻С
ǳΪͨǣȻģ̫󣬲ȴǷǳ֣ߺܶࡣһ̣һ˿ڣ˶תͷ˹˵ĿⶼϣƯŮӣĶ
ȻܹоЩ˵Ŀ⣬ƫͷ죺Ϊʲôҡ
ΪƯ
ڵ
û˵ʲôǰߡ
⣬ɿڣ
㣬Ŀ㣡
ź
ͨǿʿҲŲͨˣĽֵ߼һЩСԵ̷ʲô⣬⣬Ǻ«ź࣬ը㣬ָСԲζ࣬ȥˡ
ڽֵϣǧĿһͻȻֹסŲǰ
йŹ֣˳ĿȥֻǰһڷǺ«ϸˣµĿһͮͮǺ«΢Щ
ʹ첻ɵЩɣ̽Եʵ㡭ԣ
µͷûǮ
죺
ȡһЩңȶǵڵһģѾܶûùˣͨķ̷һ㶼ҽסǰȥϸһң漴ڶԷޱȾϲУŲǺ«Ĳľһأȡ֧ȽϴǺ«һ֧ݸ£һ֧ݸС
лл磡
СĵĽ˹
¶˶٣ҲֽӹݹǺ«ллҵһγ
䣬еǺ«˶촽ſҧһţ׽Ǳ߲СĴһɫ֭ȴǲɵЩ⣬ƺЩܡ
ӣɵʶĵͦɰ
ƫͷɰ
æҡͷûʲôûʲô
¿һۣϵǺ«
ԼһУֵݸһ
ɣүҪ
Ʋ졣
Ǿ
٣벻żȻƧ֮أȻŮӣ׬ˣ
ͻȻһܲг
Զǰһ꣬Ѫɫȴʮ٬ֱԱߵ£ǻ֮⡣


1016 ɱ
ӲԶӣѪȴԶԻΪͬǻ׷߰㡣

Ǹڵӣôط
ˣ񡭡ֱǾŹţ̣ڣƶ;ĸһԵʥӺѡˣ⡭
ͨУʿɫ
ɨˣŶԷ۴Աߵɫʱ΢
ϾѣСʦҪǣܾöºϤһĸоʱ򣬻Ȼ֮Ҳ֪ҪʲôȻˡ
һߣڣ밲ղҲΪƬǿھŹţ̣ڣƶ;ĸƬڶεĴ͵Ҧҵʵࡣ
̧ͷۻ꣬ĿеǺ«ϣûƺʱеǺ«ĵ㡣
ⲽӵţܿ⡣ʱ򣬽뿴£˫ۺúһʱ侪Ϊˣãǳãһֵ˾ɫ鱾Уɫ¿
һЩʿԶݣ漴ֶҡͷЩ£ϧȻ⻪ꡣ˭֪ˣΪƽҲ֪˶ŮϸմѪϵ̫ˡ

һʱ򿪿ڣɨꡣ
һʿʱɫȫסˣһǲ˼죬죬ȻûҪ֪ƬĶڵӰƽռû˸ǣʱ򣬾ǸڻӣҲͷˣʵǿᣬ죬ô㶥ײԷ
СǺǸȹŮһģǡ˫޵ĵ¡
⡭Ҫùˣ
ҡͷ
˵ţ˶ǲֺˣȫԶ죬±ΪǺʲôϵ
ɫʱĶ졣
ɱ
һ˷Ը
һ˳һĮĳȥ
ǡŹŵ㽣ŹһʥӺѡ֮һΪ˵Ѿڴ죬ʵޱǿ󣡡
˿Һ
㽣ߴת۱ǰһƵİĹ⽻ּ֯䣬ǣΪһŮ˵ڵĴ٣Ϊ㣬Ѱ·
ѹ£Ϊ֮طѿˡ
죿ȴлҪһС̨ףѵͻˣ
⡭㽣пܶ¾ŹһʥλãΪŹһ
Ӧþˣ
ܣʿľ
죬ҡͷ̾Ϣˣˣǿߵһε
Ӧˡ
ʿҲҡͷ
һ̣ЩֶɫΪǰ㽣ѹµֱƫͷͶ㿪ˣͬʱҽʱ߳ȵ㽣ؿڡ
ʱ䣬㽣ɣҴĹȥʮԶȥҲûܹ
⣿һ߷Ǹ㽣
ʿľ
ŹΪƬڶεĴǳǿ󣬶㽣ΪһһʥӺѡˣȻƬʿΪ֪ʵǿôǿһˣˣȻһűһʿ߷ˡ
ȻǻĸҲݣȻû뵽ôǿ
ɫ˼֣㽣ȥɱ죬㽣ȴôһžͱ߷ɣûܹվⲻ㽣ˣҲʧ档죬˵ȥͷ­ժ
ԣԵͷʱһ˳֯
еʵˡ
һ
һ˿ڣ֮ϻֱѹ
һ죬ǿϢѹĿ죬ͬʱ춯֡
һʱ䣬Ĺǿܴĸͬķѹ죬ת۳ǰķռȫ˿ܵĻᡣ
䵭̧֣һƳǰȥ
ʱ̶Ĳҽѹĸɣһͬ㽣ȥʮԶֻһѪƮڿУҲûܹ
˿ɶǴǿ߰˺ȻһƸͬʱķˣ
ܣһʿԺȻ
ɫøǷ죬Ŀݶϵյū
£ϵ΢΢ŤһͻأԻ
ү
ߵӱˣɳƣͬǾڰеһߡ
ʱܵһʿǶݡ
Ա߾Ȼˣղţȫûע⵽
Ӧ֮ɳİбˣ
Ӧǣܿ£
ʿ¶ɫ
쿴ۻߣĿٴڻϣһƬĮ
궢죬ŻߵԺ󣬱Ҫףﱾٵ׻кεȲҵ³
΢΢漴һ
ʱһɼΪµĲطһʿΪ֮ɫ
أ
˾
ҲʱѾǰֱһƳ¡
ˣ
ʿ̲סг
ͬһʱ䣬ʿҲȻĲΣˣ
һصǿߣսкεȿ£һˣôܵ£
һ̣ЩٴζݣΪһѾץ˻ߵ֮ͬǰ㽣㣬ֱһ߷ʮԶĶԷҲûվ
⡭ôܣ
ˣȻҲ
ͬʲôʱôǿˣ⡭ܱȼǸ尲ˣǣǰû˵
ʿ죬һסˡ
ɫΪѿû뵽Ȼôǿ󣬾Ȼɳİбǿ߶һ߷˳ȥսʹ̼Լʱߵһ壬ʱκβ졣
ܺãҼסˣ죬лһĨɭɱ⣬˿ҲΣշϣ㲻ҪΪյ¸еڡ䣬ȥǻߺ㽣ˣаĿԱߵ£漴תߡ
ﬣ
һɫâƾ£նűߣ֮
תӸ˼֣Щ̵Ķ죺ȰòҪҶ֣㽫Ϊڹɱġ
ﬣ
죬ٶȿ켫ϻ껰۵һؿû롣
⡭ǿ֮Ӱ˵Ǹӣޱ簮ˡȻ
ܣʿ𺧡
Ѫ־ŭĶ죺㡭
ﬣ
һϷɳٴν궴ѪˮֱƮڿС
ĮŻ꣬յΪӸЩʿ̬ЩеŮӣٰɣ
ҧľʹô
ɱѡ
䵭
һĿܿǱ㲻ô죬ţյ»һ˿͵أҸףؽЯ֮㲻ݵ׷ɱ㽫ɥ֮Ȯһ㱻
ﬣ
̶ֱ֣նһ콣˲Ϣ佫üĹᴩʶһ١


1017 ɵ
ѪνڿУȺ㣬üıᴩʶһͷ­ķѵըɫԽһضǣĿġ
һʱ䣬طʿֻúһɭɭͻأðֱӴӽŵ״ͷ­˶죬ǲĺݺһҪ֪ǻ꣬ڵӰȴôɱͨС
ƬǵˡԲǳԲ
ĵ
ɨۻĲʬ⣬һˣЩ겻֪˶ŮٲȻеɱһңǼӾ˲ٵŮӣҲΪԷЩδŮָ
˶٣ƿĿ⣬Աߵ£ԷĶеǺ«ǺܱߵУ·о¼صĶҪǣ֮ǰǺ«ʱǱմϵƺɫֱ֭ڻţûв
ûɵһԣȴǲɵþöԷڵģʵЩɰһľȻĸо
ˣ˰ɣ

̧ͷӦһ漴һ߿Ǻ«һ߳ǰȥطһУʼûа㷴Ӧ
¡
ס
ͣ£ƫͷȻڵġ
ˣŮôô
ָָµ촽մȾźɫ֭ĵط
ʦմ֭ˡ
С˵
һǺ«һֱֻ̧ǵ֭ǰһۣȻּǰȥɺƽûһ˿һ
죺
澲³ô֣漴˶٣յԱС˵СӣȻǸõѣ˵ΪӦòɣ˵ţǰѾ߳ȥһξ£Сѵһۻʣ
⻰첻ɵжݡ
֮ǰûµΪ⣬ֻǾöԷϤֻöԷϾѺСʦ˶ѣʱ²ԷΪ̶ȣǷ֣ȥµŮӣΪ±ǿܶࡣ
㲻ǵۻʼҲ˶١

ǰѾ߳Զ££û˵ʲôҲǰȥ
ǰ̾Ϣ漴Ĵųȥ
ܿ죬һ˱߳ȥԶ
ֱʱ⸽һʿһļ¡
⡭
ȻɱڵǸӣ
ĵ
뿪ķĲʬǲסĵ
ǿڵӰڣƬĶ
ȻУʿھȹжһֿοĹâ֡
ȻǸ˿ܻд鷳ɱĺã
˵
ԣ
֮ƣЩ꣬⹷յĻŮûһҲаʮôʵǱˣ
û
˸͡
ȻЩ˵ѹķǳֻͣһ̵ľڲ
Ҳʱ򣬲Զ֮ǰ߷ɵĻߺ㽣Ⱥվ漴⼸ֻһ۾Ϳ˻Ĳʬһɫұ䡣
ү
٣
ȫ嵽ĲʬԣʬԵѪɫøӲ԰ס
ô
߲
ͬһʱ䣬㽣Ҳǿֻš
⻪꣬ڵӣҪôǱɳıˣҪô׷ڻߵˣ񣬻ڱɱԻŭˣҲܵǣ

־ŭֿ֡

ʱţת۹ȥʱ
ʱһѾ뿪ͨǣνֱ߼򵥣һ·ֱǰУúһƬ󣬺ϲӿΪҪǣм䣬ԼԿһ޴ĵ죬һƵİżһﴫǴڤƮ㡣
ԶԶĶ죬ɵЩݣǣ
Աߣӣɵ
֪

˵үȥÿһطү֪ǰһɵһԵĽأٳĹϵۻʣҲ֪жԶɵϵĳЩѹԪţʼճ棬Ѿųʮʷˣ
ۻʣ
΢
ͷԣңⲢǴԣʵǼۻ֦ͬռ鿿һ⣬ɱ˶٣¶Ȼı飬ٶǰһڰĵۻǿǰҪǵȡЩĳʯϵûйȥӣǱն˵ϣֻоĲҽһԪϵļۻƽ֡
һڰǿߣȻǵ󲻵Ӿͱɱˣ
հɡ
һ촫
´Сʱ̤Ϻ棬ͬǲŵƽһ㳯ǰȥ
ûһԣȴںеĺȣԱߵСҲһߵĺȣʱʱĴµˮ棬ϼţȴûгȥ
磬ѽ
Сͷ֣۾ȻǾòں档
춯ݣǻۼ׶Ϊ۴һǶʱƺǳɵȥġ
ź棬תۼߵԱߡ
ҪҵĶòǲɵϰɣ
̽Եʵ
š
Ӧȴûͣ£ĳǰ
ںϣˮӿȴȹڶմʪͬʱԱߵСҲûбһˮմ
üᵽĹڲɵظΣգгϵۻʴڣڰˣ
֮ǰѾ²µΪӦúǿпǴڵۻʾںͶԷʱȴû˿ı䣬ʼվºϤ
š
»ôһܰɲͣ£ԹԵǰߡ
ſڣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôֻŮЩˣãʱҪˣԷƶһüͷ
վںϣĿ´С˳Ųɵȥ
ȥ΢£ǸطȥˣҲȫˣʵѣʵϻȷʵɣǡ
˶٣һ̾Ϣֻøȥ
߰ɡ

ʱԴҡĸ˹һүȥ
춼һקסβͣǰȥ
أУүģſүүĲȥ
קβͣƽĳǰȥžСȥˣһ˳ǧȴΪηӶȥǵöඪԣȥʵڰ㣬η壬ﶪ
ʱ@#


1018 ·
沨ӿקβͣܿߵԱߡ
ȥ
̲סʵ
š
ºɼࡣ
ԴѾϰˣҲٶ˵ʲô
֮һ˲ź棬ˮ΢û϶ñǿ˲ɵ
ȥһƬʲôֲΨһİƮڵϣڴܱߣһɭɭĸо·һƬڤ
²źϲɵǰȥ
СԱߣԵú鶯ֻعͷ֣ѽ
Ц£źɵϿ硣
Сӣſүү治ȥ
С
첻קβֱͣߵ˵ϡ
һۣ̲ס
ǵϢ
б
ǰȥಽĸԱߣͬʱҲƶĿܴ⳯ȥֻɵǺܻһƬأңʱϣԼó˼֣һַǳѹֵĸо
ͻȻɵһƮڵϵһŨɭɭ䡣
ǰɵеһſڣһ˫Ѫɫ䣬
ʱ䣬һӭ˫ӣֱñ
ʣ˫۾ˣǿ󣬾ǵۻʼĴڣҾܸߡ
¡
ͻȻ𶯣ɫӿʹɵ˲ϢúڰһѪɫн֯·һױȵĿֲγɡ
ȻһУΪſе˫˫Ѫٳ
ˣ
𶯣ϣѪɫͬǵ纣һѹ£죬ºСȫУֲĻֱӷ˳ƬĴա
ɫѪɫɹٿֲǧٱֻһ˲ѣоԼܶˡ
ˣۻˣҲסѪ簡أСӣǱ㺦ˣүģүҲŹ㣡
ۼ׵
Ѫɫٶȿ켫ֻգ۾
Ȼһ̣ЩѪ䵽һͷʱȴϢʧˣǱʲôûһ㡣
ʹǶݣ¶ɵı顣
ǺѪɫʧΪſе顣
ţ
ſд˫ѪɫӱøֱֱĶˡ
漴Ŀ⣬µϡ
µĽŲʼûͣ٣ʱĿҲеſϣԵúƽĳȥ
ſԻӸϵ޾ѪȫдźɫƣƺҪﶼݻ١
еѪ磬һȫȥܵĿռҲˡ
ֻǣֺ֮ǰһµѪɫںֱӱڸ߿ʧˣǱոɵһ㡣
µĽŲû˿ı䣬Ҳûа仯ʲôϲŭ֣һƽȪأ˼㡣
һʱ䣬һ
ʱǾǲҲ֪ѪɫʧΪµĹϵ
ȻϻѲܻǰãǵۻʼңǿ
˿Һ
һѹľȣȥ
ʱڳŲɵеſȥȻ֪ǳ£˫Ѫ˾УǣȻˣȻܲŽȥ
ܿ죬Աߣ̲סԷֻţԷİǶʲôҲ⡣
ۻʲΣ㹻ľԪܺãǳãſڣ
ſУѪͬװڲɵϺƵ漴ȥ
ȻѪˣҪſڿ磬׼ڹſڶ侫Ԫ
첻ɵüǰſǳ޴ʮиâڶڽ֯·һͷ޺ڵأѪڵȥ
ҪǣĹⲻɵº֪ſӦòֹѪۻһˣӦûۻʣ˵һ̶
£Ȱ뿪ȴҲ֪ʱʵѾûжˣΪ˻ǽſеˣܲǶ֡ؼǣɲ»Ļڴʱ
ºܰƽͣſǰֱ˽ȥû˿ԥ
СһֱԱߣһС˵СһͻС־Ϊˣô¡
ʱȻԥקҲ˽ȥ
ܿ죬һ˿ſڵĿռǳ޴󣬸ֹâĻƮڿУ֯һޱѹֵϢ
ߣ
ߵһʱ֮ǰ˫Ѫٴγ֡
󣬹ſУ˫𣬾Į
˫ӣתۻӰʵâУòɼΨܹ壬֯ű䣬Ͳпᡣ
ɵһˣŵǵۻǿߡ
ۻʡ

ģӰһˣĿϡ
¡
һ
һʱ䣬ɵ𶯣ƬУ̼һƵɱƸ֣ŷ˴磬һƬƬ˵ɱ⽻֯ȫն¡
ͬʱһˣ֣̽֯ͨع⣬ѹϣѹ¡
䣡
һֲֿĹƣΪۻʣľ㹻˺ɱһʲôףӽֻǿǵۻʼֻҪȡµĵۻʼԪԴ׳Ԫ˶ѡ
ǲ˷νľȥս˺һھɱ

ܵĿռֱӷˣһƬش
ɱʹĲһ̣ΪֻǴ澳磬ȴҲܿ˵ĺϻжôǿ󣬱ȵϾնɱⶼҪ¼֡
䣡
ڣ޾ɱ⺳أ䵽ǰ
һ̣ǲôµС£ɵýץסµ䡣
ºܰûκζǣɱ䵽ϵɲǣȴϢɢңͬһʱ䣬ֵ˸Ƿ·׻һ㣬һŵŵŵĺˣֱ˳ԶסΡ
ʹʱݣ󾪡
ͬʱſڵۻʵ䣬ˣǴڵۻʰ۷壬ղֱǶȫɽȴǣ¶ĥеĹֶΣˡʹн¶ɫ
㡭
һ˶£ס˸
ſİտ֪жһƬƬ΢ĹâƮһʱ佫ſյһƬͬʱȹâ֣һڵϢ֯˳תۼǳŶÿһ䡣
ϢֲֺܿĲȴޱȺ嫣
һʱ䣬ſڵۻʼڽǺݺһе̼ʧһ𾪺ͺȻ
ˣͬƮУƽȴں·


1019 ɲ
µԵûаƣԵЩᣬȻȴʹùſе羳ڸһе뺧ȻŨҡ
⡭
Ȼע⵽˵仯ǲɵ𺳡߸ĵۻʺһ𣬶Լĵؽ磬նɱӦûʲô⣬ȴΪºƵһ仰¶ˡļµı顣
ɣ
۾ɵõֱˣ۷ˣһ仰סˣ
СȻľȸУֻǽץɵ½ǡ
±ƽкСŹſȥ
ǰۻʣƺУֻ·ϺͿ
ϵĵۻʣǲʹ̬һ˵Ŀⲻɵú˼֣̲סǰһ
ȥ
һ˵
ɡ

һ˳
ºСǰߣϵۻûа⡣
дŨľɫʱȻûԥæȥ
˿ҺѾɿβͣʱҲæȥʱǾֱµ˻
ϵۻʺǰһ˿óһ·
²ӲСϵۻԱ߹
ԱߣϵۻԱʱǲɵЩļ¡Ͼ澳۷Ĵǰֵ̫һˣֻǶԷŵֵۻѹҪĸо
Ǹ£߹ۻλãȴǺܿ죬һֽűĸоʵۻֵۻѹ̫ǿˡ
ۻʶһԶȴûһ˵ʲô
ʮһΪδӲ˵
һ˵ͳ
˵Ŀǰûһ˿ڡ
ǰ´С鰲ܱߵһжں
Աߣžɫ¡ŮӣûаۻƣżеȻľɣʵȴƺֲ˼¡
òơǿ
Ա߶µ
ͷҡҡͷ֪ǲǱϾǣ֪ºǿ󣬳ǿ
ԱߣԱߣܿ죬Сӵʱȥ
ʱſƺߵ˾ͷͣǰľſѪʯ
ѪʯܾӨ֯ŵ΢⣬Ѫһ㡣
Ѫʯ
ɵþ
ҲǶݣϳʯų޷˵ѪҺ۶ɣӵױȵļֵǶԪ챦ɲģǶͨĵۻǿ߶Ҳ䣬Ϊ챦ɲ̫Ѱˣۻʼǿ߶˶û챦ͬʱѪʯܶЧÿһЧǷǳǿʮ־ˡ
ǰ㣬ʱһѪʯһμ
ѣôʰɣ
ͳϵۻԻȡһѪʯǱøһ˿˿ɫ
Ҫ֪ǻѪʯֵǣȻǶѾûʲôã񣬻Ѫʯǵĵؽڱȡߣǵ浱ǻܲÿɱȸһ·Ҫܶࡣ
ƫͷ죬ͬ㣬᣺Ҫ𣿡
һ㶣û뵽ʱͻȻҪҪѪʯ
⡭ǰĻѪʯ䱦ȻܲҪֻϵۻԻЩԥΪȡߵһѪʯʱۻʾԺܲˣȡһ飬ۻʻֱӶ֡£ˣá²ºǿ󣬾ۻѾºܼɵսԤ֣ԣʱ򲢲鷳
º˵ʲôһ㣬һѪʯƮǰ
죺
ֻһ˲䣬о˫̹ǵϣһ㣬һ궼Ҫ˵ĸо
ƫͷϵۻ飬ǵͬڿһֻ棬˵ţֻҪãֱӾͻһֻһ
Ҳܲˬ
ǣԥֱ֣ƮǰĻѪʯץУ
䣡
̼䣬ɰӿһӿȥ
ƫͷ˿ۡ
Ϣ䣬ϵۻѹĵۻѹȫĵ۹ҲͬӰϨ
˶£ŭӣ㡭
ûǣ޲
Ǹ
ʱڣϵۻʣ漴£ԶĻѪʯצӲסĴţȻҲҪһѪʯΪʱ׿˳ۻʶ¼ɵĺܣ£ǿĺܣۻȫס
ƫͷ㣬һѪʯɳתۼƮǰ
˷ܵĺǼһѽɵǰĻѪʯ
ѣ̫ˣ
ϵۻø䣬ŨŨŭɫ
ˣһ㣬΢ͻ˵ĵֱûڡ
ʹϵۻʶǴ󾪣һֶǵһ۲ŵ£㡭µ΢ڣֻһ˲ϢѣڵıİˣֱӺ˴룬øǿһЩ
ǣԿ
µǰ漴кСŹſȥ
Щ棬֪¶ۻʲôҲ̫´ʱĻ˼ȴĸоۻеĵȫʧˡЩŹ֣ʱߣҲûж룬æȥ
ǲԥɣæĴҲȥ
ܿ죬һƹۻʣһΣھϵۻԱʱǲûиоͬղǰǿĵۻѹܿǸ߳Զ
ϵۻʶ뿪ıӰ˶٣һ΢΢빪
ˣȻΪۻǿߣһҲǳ΢΢ʩ
ڵİ˺أ˲źռΪϵһЩﲻӻԪţѹǵİˣֹǵİ˶񻯡µ΢⣬ǳ׻ڵİˣǽصĴ⣬ɲѪʯļֵȡ
Ȱʧǽܻĸãп֮ƳõΪݣӻ۷뵽졣
ǶԣĶ飡

ԱߣȻûۻʵĶܿ߳˹ſ
߳ſһ˲䣬ǰʱݣ¶͹Ź֮ɫΪʱԭһƬĲɵȻ˴Ƭɲݱγһ鱦·Լһֱӿ󶴱Ե쵽ɵıԵλá
⣿
ǵۡ


1020 
ɲ黨鱦֯ϼ⣬һ·ӿ󶴱Ե쵽ɵĺ򰶱ߣʹԲ죬һĻʵ̫Źˡ
ͷſпһۣ£ղţʲô
֮ǰ³ϵۻʵ΢⣬;ۻʶºͶǵ̬ȶǱˣʱ߳󶴣Ǽôһͻأ֣һ֪Ӧǿеϵۻݻ
ǣ£
ǣˡ
´ȴûͣ£鱦ŲɵԵȥ
ˣ
졣
ǲɵ¶ɫϵĵۻʣڡȻˣ
š
Ӧ
첻ɵƫͷĹſ󶴣ֲ£Ī𺳡
Ҫ֪еϵۻʣǸڵۻʰ۷壬ˣǾͱ˺أ򲻿˵ʵ⣬Ȼˣڵ޿κΡǸղţֻǵ΢⣬ƺκڵİˣǺεǿʵЩסˡͬһʱ䣬ҲΪʲôͻȻºͶǵ̬ǰ޴ı仯
ɵ˵СС˵Ҳ´Сܿߵ˱Ե
ߣ紵ţӿͬʱһ˿˿ζ
²ź棬ƽСԱߣһʱ·ȥ
ںϣ£ûжã뿪˲ɵԶ
ºܰƺоڿҲƫͷһһ졣
ıǳôһһ߿죬ʹЩˡ
Ҳʱ´ֱӴʶУһֻһܹ㣬ֻ壿
ԣʱ͵һ𣬽Ųͣ
£Ȼһڵʣ
㣿
£¶֮ɫŵı顣
Ҫ֪ʣֻ˺ϵܹȻˣôֻһֿԣ¡ﵽ𼶣
ע⵽ı飬ʵСӣôˣ
ûʲô
ҡͷ
ô˵ţĿȴһֱϣеľɫŨҵ㡣
ǰµŮӣȻﵽ˾Ŵǵȸ߶ȣ
¿һᣬƿĿ⣬ȫǶʲôҲı顣
޷ƽʱѾ˾κˡ
ڣǰƺվһϵĴڰ
𼶰ʮ޵ʷϣܹҲͳô˶ѣ
£ﵽǵȸ߶ȣ
㡭
£³һ֣˵ʲôȴֲ֪ʱ˵ʲô
ʵ̫ˡ
һʼ²¿Ҳһۻʼ㲻ǣҲûв̫ԶϾϾѡڲɵϣϢĵѪɫ磬϶ˣȷʵǵۻʼ֮ϵĵۻʣ˼ɵʹ֪ˣ±еĻҪ£ǳǿᡣ˿̣һڵֻ壬ֱӽľһߵ㡣
ǡһ
һǰĴ˵
ôˣ
¿
̲סЦŮӣͲ֪Լ˶
ûʲô
ֻô˵
Կ϶˵Լе𾪣ԷҲκһ˿ĴӦ
ϵķһζʪˮһƬƬһ˲ںϣûйȥñǿƬ򣬳ڶİߡ
طŲɵԣǿʲôӰһߵ±ֹסˣܣһ˿ãȻ
ôˣ

һγߣǣ֪ȥġ
µ
ãʶԷһ˵˰ɡ
˶٣ǿѹ𾪣Ҫ߰ɣָƬǳϤ֪ܶط
ƫͷȥ
æڣһɫû⣬¹ȥģҾʹ
ڲɵϣ¿һѪʯȶļֵ̫ˣ¿ĻмңҲ֪µǿ۷ĵۻʺǶ֣֮һ˸ߣǾͼֱ̫ˣ
лл
µ
Ȼͬ롣
Цʱеľѹ˼֡
ǣ߰ɣתת򡣡
˵
ǳƴҲ߿·ܿ뿪
úǽ뵽һɽ߹һ;˲ʿڿʱж¶֮ɫһЩ۹Ʋˡ
¿ԸоЩ˵Ŀ⣬ȴûΪʲôЩĿʼϣΪͨǵʱѾʹˡ
ڴɽ䣬ܿ죬ʮʱȥʮʱ䣬ţһ߹ط췢֣ʱľȻĸо
һ죬߳һɽԶȥ
ҲʱʮǿĲԶ֣ʮǿתۼƵǰⶼ漶Ĳɱ


1021 ն
ʮǿɱߣ꣬ɱ޾ͬʱܵÿһ䡣
ʱƬռ¶ֱӽʮ֮࣬һ쫷˳
ɨʮˣһĨɫղңǣ
ģղһûûˣ

һһղʿϢȻ˲ϳʮ˵ݡ
ղʮ˶죬ĿɭΪ
С
һ˿ڣĿ䵽㡣
öԣֱѹؼ壬Ѫͻƣȥˣ
һ
˻䣬ֱӶˣ漶Ĳ֯ǿצץȥ
죡
ͣ
Թצץ죬ճѷ죬ȥЩˡ
漴ͬһʱ䣬ʮҲˣÿһ˶Ǵ죬ֱӴʮķ죬ء
ղңĲɡ
˵
Աߵ£һͬʱӭղҵʮˡ
⽻֯Ľɫ⣬һƽâ֯ϣȻΪǿᡣ
򵥣ȫٶѹ
ղʮеһ˵
Ӧˣ
һ˵
ǰղ߸۷˺ȥɱ죬ȴȫս⣬Ȼʹղʮ˲С졣
һʱ䣬ʮȫ֣׷ɣ֯Ƭռÿһ
ģԳϱ顣
ʦòã
Сҡµֱۡ
ǰ죬һ᣺ãʤ
䣡
ǰܹղʮֶξ͸ͨݺᡣ
һʱ䣬մͬ涼һѺۡ
Ŀ⵭Įһƽâţʮ˵һͨ
ټһ˶ˡ
ʮеһ˵
һˣΪжΣŻ䣬ֱɱǰ
˵һղҵһڹݻߣһһѹ졣
¡¡ģܵĿռѣֱӱм䡣
ˣ

鵭ĮɫĴԻһ籩ܡ
ʱ䣬ղ˼ʹͬʱٻ١
ǡף
˱ɫ
ͬʱղʮҲǶݣ𣬿żߵ
Ȼƿ𣿣ղЩľܿ죬Щ˵ıֱɭһ˵Σվֻһ˶ѣôˣ

һ˵
漴ʮٴζâѹ¡
ʮˣĿ⵭ĮĴֱӿ
¡¡ģӿ΢΢ȭӭʮˣһȭ
̼䣬ɫ˸֣ղʮ֮⣬漴ʮͬʱС

вҽдǰһղǿֱӱջٵҲûбܿһʱ䱻ȼ

𣡡
죡
ղʮ˶ݣ־ּ£æȼ˵ꡣ
Ҳʱʮǰ
ûʱǺģ塣
Į
£˵һֻͼֱӴʥ֮⸲ʮ
Զͼ΢΢£תۼָֻƽ
ˣ
ֻͼ𶯣Ŵֱӽղʮеİ˸·
ʱɫȻǸоֻͼĿ£ȫͺ֧ǿĴղ⡣
Ȼֻͼ̫ǿˣתֱӴգ˵ͨ
⡭
ۣۣۣۣۣۣۣۣ
˵Ѫһʱը˵Ӷݶ¶㤺Ϳ־ı顣
ʡס

ɫӿһɫˣ߶£ֱӽ˵û

˲ҽתʧ߶ǰ޵Ĵ׷ٻٵһɶ
һʱ䣬ղȫɫ
ô᣿
˾֡
ʮǿɱ񣬾Ȼô򵥾ͱն˰ˡ
ߣ
һ˲˵ֱӺһˡǲɵɱеİˣʶĿ£ԶԶǿԵֵˡ
ʱವƿ𣬴ղˣͬʱԶ߶ȥ
ֲָʱ΢⽣̼両ֶָֽԣͬ߱Ũʥ㣬ɢױȵĴ̶
ն꣡
Įָֽһ⽣̼仯Ŀ
콣еһĹ˿̱ڶΪȫٶȿ쵽£ֱӹᴩմѷ죬۵Զ߳ȥղ˵ĺ׹ᴩͬʱ˵ҲһնС


1022 ֮
ղ˵˵ʬԸ߿׹䣬Ӵ󷢳һ졣
Сӣһ
Щ졣
ȫ
˵
սȻԶԶͬʿҪ򵥵˲ɱʿȻ̫ܣղһ콣еĺĴ֮һ˵ȫն
ǿƬô̵ʱղжʮʿУһĴǹƻ޵ġ
̲סЦ
쵹ǲ⣬ƫͷһߵ£ֻڶŲԶһȻȫûղʮ˵Ľ档
ȻܸӦĿ⣬ʱĿӲԶƿ䵽ϣˣ
ͷˣ߰ɣȥط
š
Ӧ
뿪طúһȽϿĴϡ
ƫͷ£ֱڻ̲סЩ𺳣ǰŮӣȻһ𼶵ǿߡʵ˵ȥô¶һǿߡ
һ棬ҲǾͦãǾǣȻǿһ𼶵ĴڣǣദȴһѹҲûУ˺ɡ
Сӡ˹ЦҪǴ¹ȥղһˣ
룬ˡ
ôȥƤ죬ܾò̫á
˷ۣȻ֪ʲô
˶٣үҲòáһ룬ڲɵϣ²һĻѪʯʱȥղ𺳣ȷʵ̫á
䣡
ʱطԶһ貵Ĺֱӹϡ
ȹһɷǳŨܽ֯Ƭϣʹʱ䶯ݣʵЩ嫣ԶԶԴ
Աߣз⣺Сӣòһɣۿһ
Դ֮ϣ֯ŵܿǷǳŨȴҲǷǳϡ٣ȻһĴҲûж٣Ҳʮ
н֯ƹ⣬ƻ𶯣żԶȥ
κۣ̫Զˣ壬ǳŨʮԴܺͣһܱء
ʮԴܺͣһ漴е¶տտâߣȥʮԴǿһ˵֣ǶԣҲдãǸԶһС̨ס
ͷһܱأȻùȥһ˶٣£ȥǸλãûɣָԶƬڵء
š
Ӧ
ֵǣչȥ
طǸλЩԶǲйȥûܳʱ䣬Ǹʱ򣬹ܱصȶѾȡˣǹȥһá
Ȼ֪ʲôҲʲôǰʱһŻ佻֯ŵâԼԿŻһƬĳɫȺɽ
죬ָǰŻ
һ㶣漴¶ЦմţֱͨԶܳƬڡ
߰ɡ
Ц
ָŻȻ֪Żﵽ
Żǰ´СһС
ȵү
еವһҲС
Ƭ̵ĺڰһ˳һƬɽȺУɽȺǳ嫣֪ΣɽȴǼûʲôֲɽƶ񤣬һӳɫһͷͨ޶ԿʱƬɫȺɽλãһƬƬŨƮţܵУȻǿҲԿڲ

ָǸλã˫۷Ź⡣
ȷʵŨ
ߣȥ

кºСǰǸλȥܿɽȺġ
ΪŻʱһʿҲûС
Щ鷳

ʱһʿҲûУ˵һûᡣʱط̫Ũˣǿ޷ȫ㲻
·
˵
ߵǰֱۣƹ̼佻֯
кºСֶ漴ǰȥ
鷳ԿԽ⡣
¸ԱߣܰСǶϸȻܷǳ档
Ĵųſͷϡ
һ·ǰУһʮɽ͵һ㣬Χǳ󣬱ȵɽ仹Ҫܶ౶ʹЩݡ
ǡ
н֯˿˿Ƶľâ
ſͷϣ̽ԴʵôСӣ
ʮɽͽһݻ֮ƣ޾ȻŷǳĲ̵࣬ԿʮԴܺ͡
ͳ
ۣƹ⽻ֻ֯ƾ˫۾ܿණƬɽͽ㴦ĵص£֯һ𣬾û۳ԴȣȴǶЩˣһƬ麣ڷ״ƺܺˡ
ʲôʮԴܺͣ󾪣ʮԴܺǸǺεȵľˣǸС̨׵Ϊˣ⣬һ˵ĵƣ֯˶ǰȻû˷֣
־ɣطһֱǱһƬķϵĿɽȺԴûʲôʿ絽طȴǲ룬Ȼİ
ȵƣԭͺѱ֣·ﵽһ˵ıͶȣйȻڵҲԲ
˵
˷ܵĹ⣺˲ˣϽȥ
ͷֵ֮򿪣ܱһƬƬɱ֣ҪСһЩ
ºСǳǰȥ
֮ƸǳŨͬʱɱҲһһڣڿ۵ԣȻʲô⣬ûкķѶʱ䣬һ˱ʮɽͽλá
󣬾û۵Ҳо·֯ŵܣë׶ɵ˿
·һӶ£ֱӴһ޴ȱڣ󣬽ֻҲԿ·ŨˣͬʱΧҲǷǳ
⡭
ˣѡ
ôǵһμһܱء
쵹ǱȽƽƫͷ¡
Ҫ𣿡
֪ȳ̶ȵ¶û˿ôȴôʵ
ҡͷȴǵһȦ΢СڣСƵԱߡ
ȻСУСߣȻµǣȥ
š
Ӧ
ͷ漴кСֱԾ֮׼ʼ
ܱ֮ŴƬɱִڣһ˺ͻƽʱҪ̫࣬ΪҪǣڣûʲôõĵġ


1023 
СкһԾ֮ƵĵصףʼһǸоһ̹صµŨдÿһëУʹһ̲סĸо
ϵССһȦ΢⻤ţȻ仹Ǻܴ󣬵ȴȫŨѹܹ֮Ļ
Ͽ£Ȼ֪Ȧ΢ʩȥΪ˻Сġ
С֪ôɣ
С
ţʦн̰
Сͷ
ЦŵͷǾͺãڣʼ֪𣿡
ţ
СĿϥ£ܿǾ뵽֮С
쿴С漴£Ǻһͬʱʼ
ˣ
ת̫ľһʱгҵĽɫâӿһƽ֯
ʱܿеԴԴϵĳӿɿûڡ
ǳˣȻڶҲżôľɿţʼڶ۷ȥ
ѽ
ԴԱߣõСһôŨ󣬾ֱʼһ𣬷ɿʱ䣬ܵһɽХ̬ӿȥ״ƾˡ
һԴԱߣֻԴԣö񵰱øЩԴԴϵ뵽ڡ
Сһ⻹ɶܳòһɣ
εĵ
СһȻûгȴѾԼʶѾܹĻʱַһѽдһ˿ԻȻԼҲ֪
캹գ˵û£ԺΪѰҪ٣ΪѰ
СһξȹδСһǳϲ
ѽ
Сһ﷢һ漴ٵ֮µ
ЦЦҲʼת̫ľС
ˣ
⣬ɫâøŨϢĸ졣
վ֮棬Сԭض
ʱĺܿ죬תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱĽɫøӳˣϢҲĸǿѾԼﵽڶ۷壬ϾҪ졣
Ҳʱ֮⣬ʵвҽ
ȻȴҲһʶ֯⣬ȻȲҽҲܲµʱӦʿϵ֮ɱѡԴˣû⣬֮ɱַǳӣͨǿҲƿңڣ˭ˣõġ
ˣ
̫ľתĸЩһƵĽɫâӿϢøǿ

֮⣬У̶ĲҽдƮһƵѪζ
¶֮ϣĿ죬ֿС֮Щҽû˿Ӧûƫͷȥһۡ
ʱһΣܿ죬ʱȥ
䣡
⣬ɫӳңһɾ쫷ϯﵽء
ʱ֮µŴԼһ룬ûͣ٣С
֮ţ˼㣬죬ֿһС

ҽУ֮ٴ
ɱ֣Ʋˣ
˵ͺ
һ֮ݺᣬȥҲûһͻƽ
ˣʱţܿ죬չȥ
һ죬֮µѾĵĲˣĽɫøӳңһٴͻƣ죬ǵһ쫷硣
쫷ʮͣ£漴˫ۣâһšϥԭأ΢΢Ӧ£ʵһ֮նǰǿࡣ
ѽ
ԴԣСһ﷢˿һͣ
ʶӣ񵰱ˣСһȴûҪƿǶסʹЩΣֻҡҡͷջʶ
ʱ֮µѾĹˣСͣ
ˬ
ЦֱӴһﵽ죬Ϊһء
ԱߣСΪȻҲдø鶯ˡΪʩСϵȦâѹٶȣԣȻ֮µİУСҲǾͨɾԶ
⵴ɫâС֮µǰ
ʦ
С
΢ЦӵվС졣
û˵ʲôദôãҲ֪˼Ӧѯû
ˣ߰ɡ
˵
µͷⲽжȥ
ʱΪǽ֮Ƶȫɸɾԭ֮ԼˣʼɢȥѾ࣬ɱҲ
ವƿǿʿʱͻ˽
ţˣ
ô᣿
Ϊʲô棿ʲôʱ£
ЩʿһˣǾȡ
Щˣû⣬¸Ӳиоʱ·ֱ뿪߳ȥԶԼ֮ƴһ嵽֮ƴǿ߶ɻΪʲôҲûС
ҵˣȻ
һ
ԶӰ⽻֯żΪ˵澳
ֻһۣһˣΪһߣȻǵͨڰбӵǸǿߣڵӴµ⣬ɱûгɹɱӡ
ʱٴμߣŻԱ߻мǿߣȻȺˣڵˣΪɱͬһʱ䣬Ҳע⵽ˣߣΪ䵽һ쾳硣
СӣûбǸɫС˵ӷΪ
ȻҲһ㣬ʱ˵дŲ֮ζ
ߵʱüΪŭΪʵԣڱڵʧְ֮һŭֱ֮ӷϳΪ
ǶĺܲңָܶԱߵ˵ɱү˵ţָһߵ£գүеĿ꣬
Աߣ˽Ϊ꣬Ѫ񣬲ȴǺĮ
ЩȻڵˣɳͻߺ׷ɱһˣо޴ǲ²ӦûѰҡ
ү֣ն꣬үĹǰǸŮӣץסأϳΪүһ𡣡еһ˿ڣɨСʣµģ͵ظɱ


1024 ȥ
˵Ļһ㶡ץסϵΪȥһ
ڣǲ֪ôдġ
̲סЦ
ǿ߶ɵη£һڣȻҪץϵΪһʲô
΢΢ۣжЩ˵ķ̣ͬʱҲһƵɫ
ϾѣСʦúϤ׽ң±ҲǷǳû˿ۼӣھȻҪץȥɱ˵ǸһȻ֪ܲȫκβ£ֲɻ
Ƕǻ
Сڵ⼸ǿ»죬ϲЩҪɱ죬ҪʦܲСǺˡ
ڿڵСӱ䣬ֱ̧ѹСּ佻֯ŵ΢⣺Ѿͷ˺죡
ºܰˣ΢̧
ٶȱֻܶ࣬һǳǰһץס̽Ĵ֣Ҫ˺˭죿
ڳֵ˶ݣȿٶ㡭

Ĵ촫ץס˵ֱһŤʱ˵ֹ顣
ƺߣиŭһ̱Ǳһؿڡ
һ˾ֱɣȥʮԶдĿѪˮƮС
һʱ䣬˵˽Աɫǻߣû뵽ôǿеĻҪǿȻһҲ߷ˡ
¿죬̧·˻ȥ
䣡
Զһ߷ɵ˳أͬ񱩵ĺˣɱ⾪ˡ
С
ŭһֱӶˣ֮ͨѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ߺڵҲˣȫɱ졣
ʱطܹɱŨ
˲Ȼطһʿע⣬ƬһĻ֮󣬶ǲɵ¶ɫ
ǡڵˣƺ澳Σ
ǣںΧɱһˣ
ҵ죬Ǹ˭Ȼһս漶ǿߣңһҲû·
طʿԾȡ
䣡
һ࣬ɫƽ
ڵļĿ⽻žɱ⡣
Ķ֮ӣ㾹ȻҲҶ
̵߲
Ϊɱڵӣһŭֱ֮ӷϳΪˣȻͷϣνǺ͸졣
֮ϻȷʵ򵥣ȫնɱ꣬ȻŮӴءһ˿ڣĮȻǰϵģȥ顣
˵ţָɱ⼫Ϊˡ
춢ˣиֳâһ콣⵱ܵնһͨһǳǰ
˶ʱһ㡭
ȥǵӱȽϺá
䵭
³Ȼͬһʱ䣬ֱԻȭ¡
һʱ䣬Ͳ񱩵ȭʮ
һȭΪ߶ĻȭͣڣԼһϣֱӽ֮ҵķѡ

ҽд˵Ҳûѣһȭֱӷ

⡭
һȭһˣ
ôܣ
ܣһʿһĻɫ䡣
ǿصǿ߰񣬾Ȼһȭ͸ɱˣǺεս
˭
ҲͶʮ꣬ɣս
ܹȵǸ𣿣
ʿļ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ڵļ˸ɫ䣬ʱ죬¶ɫ
㡭
У˶죬𾪵³һ֣ȻҲ˵
ɨ⼸ˣһǿ˹ȥ
ˣ
ܼ򵥣ֻǻȭȭ֮סʮ⼸ͬʱǡ
۵һһֱӱһȭ飬󣬻ȭ֮⽻֯һͷʮֱӽ

ٴλȭɻ֮һͷ˶Я֮ƺƺƵ¡
ڶжδﵽ죬սȻǿ˺ܶ࣬ټ֮ʱӶǻȭȻǸֲص˸ʲô
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըȴǿ߱飬ѪȾʮҲһȻȭɢ׵׵ĴƬؼ
һĻʿ²һȫսסˡ
㣬㣬㡭
˵ˣʱֻʣһߣ˿̲ĲҲû뵽ô£ɱˣͬжһ㡣
ƫͷˣĮ˹ȥ
һӭоֱֳŨŨĿ־塣һ̣ƺ֪ԼձָԹĶ˵ģǸŮӣߵˣڣԲŹǣ
һֱһȭ£ɻһȭ𣬸ĵһֱʮҵĴӣйɳ񷡣
һĻȻʹܱߵһʿǲ˶죬ˡ
鵭Į漴ɫָֻµ߹ȥܿǰ
ң鷳𡣡
¿죬ᡣȻƽռܰȴɵͨз£ǵãҲȻ֪ʱΪ˸ͷɱڵӣȻǵڿʼ׷ɱ졣
΢㶣漴ҡͷ룬ûϵ˭˶ɱ
¿ٴδʲô
캹գʲôһڣһĲϡ
׷ɱá
µ
Եúͣɫᣬȴִһ档
̲סЦƽʲô⣬ôͻȻִˡ
Ǹ˹ȥ˴צӶ˵¹Ҫǣһȥһߣ˵ϼ仰
ԭ֮ǰһôôȥƤЩ̫ãЩ£ʱ㿪ڣЩʲôƱ׷ɱãʹ˴ȥЩ˵˼
ԣ̲סһۡ
ȿȣʲôȥղңǰԼǵģھȥһˣаɣ£צӵǸ¹ô
µͷ浾á
죺
һ˷ܣǽڵľλø߸¡
ͷ֮ͬǰǰ㣬ҲʲôǰʱһŻѿȻƫͷ졣


1025 ֵģ
ƫͷȻµ˼
Ǿȥɡ
˵
µͷСȿǰŻ
ûԥҲС
ڣ٣
һЦצӣҲ뵽Żڡ
ʱ䣬͵һŻϢıպϡ
ԶһʿطĿࡣ
ûǣǸŮ
ŻŻ
ǡƺֻϵǿ߲İɣ
ⲻǹؼؼǡûпְƺƺֻ¶ѣ⡭ͨǿߣİɣ
ǰ벽ۻʰɣǡĵۻʣ
Щʿļ¡
ʮǿ߲٣Ҳ̫࣬ǣǵڵǿ߶һƽõһˣпǰ벽ۻʻǵۻʵĴڣЩͨʿܲ

¿ŻУҰʱ޾ĺڰС
ֻһ˲ѣһ̣ǰֹһƬ嫵ĹȺϿաȥƬȺķǳоƲ־տҽǽ̻ԻͣɷǷһͷͷڴϵĻĹޣһ𺳵ӸС
Ƭ嫹ȺϣܹĸоеʮŨ
΢΢ۣڣ治ǵĶ֮һ
ʲôˣ
ʿ˳ֺ󲻵ʱǿִ·ǣֱӴŭȡ
ʱ䣬ڴ󲿷ʿǿִµĿȥһǿһˡ
˭ôܵϿģ
ôĵӣ

ڵĵӼ࣬Ѫǿ˿̶һˣв˷ŭȡǵϿգ˾ȻվڵϿգ
Ͽգ·ƽ
վԱߣӰ
ö˰
СС
Цһ·Сǣڵĳϣһ̫ϳĹйˡ
ɲᣬգۼǴڡ
ʱʹһǿ߽ŭ

дִŭȣֱӳֳ̽ץȥͬʱǽ죬ºСһ𸲸С
һĻֱӾ̲סЦ
죺
Աߣºܰһ޵Ϣ֯
ʱϲǴִײһεĹĻϣֱʧȥյһڵء
ִ£
еӶݣ
漴ŭһϣ˶ǳѹˡ
ֻǣɣ˸ո뿪رԶһص档
⡭
һʱ䣬ڵĵӶ¶ɫ
㡭˭
а벽漶ִľĶˣȻһǺйأЩˣȻѹƵж
վڸ߿ϣƽûһ֡
Աߣ¸ǺܰΨ⽻֯ϢǿԽԽǿ
ģڶΪ֮ζ
ǣô£
ڵӽļ¡
һ̣ʮǿϢʮӰ˳
ǣС̫ϳǣ
ڵ¶ϲɫ
ΪĶϵ˶Ǿ澳磬죬һ̫ϳ϶Ǿأһ̫ϳϸ߾
ǣ˴
˽еָˡ
ڵ˸оϢ֯ڣ˿һڵִµӵ˶߿ϣҲ̧ͷȥ漴ֱӱɫ
ǣ
һˣǶʱɱ
ǰӱնɳӵĻȻѾʶӡķʽʵݸ˿죬ûɱ⣿
ɱ½֣Ȼ
һĳ϶е½룬Ȼ첻ǰɱӵ֡
Ѿȥ׷ɱ⼸Ϊǻôģ
һϵ
ͬʱһϺһ̫ϳϣǵһ̫ϳҲüȻ֪һӱɱ¡Եһ̫ϳΪףһ˵ĿⶼΪ˴˿ֱվϿգ
Ƕڵ£

ڵһ̫ϳϿڡһ뷢԰׵ߣΪ߾ӺǳĮϵϢԨƺһּΪµĸо
仰£һֱɢɱ쭡죬˼㣺ĶҪѪҶĹǰó¡¡ģϵϢøǿɱøŨͬһɱ˱
ڸ߿ϣһЦ
Աߣºܰһˡ
ûκһǣһ̣ϵϢ
ô£
ɫһΪ߶˼ޣҪɱˣΪȥӱ𣬿һ̣ڵֱӱһεѹˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Լ̫ϳҲǲĺݺһͬĵһ̫ϳҲ⣬ʱͻȻĪļ
վڸ߿ϣǳΨϢһɢʮһɵĵ֯ڡ
⡭
ʱ䣬Եһ̫ϳΪף˶ɫұ䣬ŵžڸ߿ϵ¡
ۡ
һ̫ϳϷ֮ǰĮֱûˣȡ֮ģһŨŨ𺧡
ͬһʱ䣬һǺݲһ̵Ŀ⣬ȫϡ
⡭ۣۻʣ
˽Ծ֡
ڵʱеĶֱӱ˿־壬ɪɪķڲǰˣȻһۻʼĴڣ
ۻʰӣȻĿȴϣ
վڸ߿ϣɪɪһˣԵƽֵĮ
ЦʱСĵĴյԱߣ¹Ͷô˵СĶֹ˼䣬漴ֺЩ
º˵ͷ
ƫͷ죬漴Ŀתڵĵһ̫ϳϣһڳǿϣĴڣƮڣƮһڸ߲Ķߣֵģ
һʱ䣬һһɫˡ
۵˼Ƕ
һĵһ̫ϳϾӦֱԭع
漴һһڴһеӣǶŲϹ򵹡
桭ӵ죡ңҡһͣķ˵ȥֻǹڵأŲϲϿͷ󡭡ۿˡﰡҵȡҵҲҶԴۺʹ۵˿ðˡˡﰡ


1026 󵨵
һǿ־嵽˼㣬û뵽ȥ׷ɱ죬߾Ȼվһ羳ĵۻңڸղţںҪѪ죬ڣۻʼ¿ڣŵģܹ־壿
Сֵˡˡ¡¾Բаðˡﰡ
˻
ͬһʱ䣬һڴˣ֣סķŶ
ڣȻĴڣ
վڸ߿ϣбһۣһ˵ʲôʲôֵġЩЩ־巢Ҳȷʵͦˬ
ºܰƫͷ죬ⲻ⡣
ˣˣ߰ɡ
첻ɵЦ
š
Ӧ
𼱰Զֶܿءʱڣڵ͵һ̫ϳϣСǣŵĶΪ׷ɱСӣһˣǲӦһʾ˵ţֿڣ˿ҲүҲ۸ǣͰŵƷ龧̣񵤱ҩɣȼı͹žʲôģǾͲҪˡ
⻰ڵһڴһɫȫøӵĲ԰סƷ龧̣񵤱ҩ⣬ռŵ̵İ˳ɰҲ֪Ƕۻģһȥڵĵ̼Ϳˣ
ۣôԸ⣿
ڵһ̫ϳϵ˽ǺݺһæңԸ⣡Ը⣡
ʱһۻվڸ߿գǾʹּ֣ۻۣ
һ̫ϳ϶ȡŵƷ龧̺񵤱ҩȣװһΪʯУţСĵĵգĶѪ
ɨۣƷ龧ǧ񵤱ҩףЦţСӣЩҲòϣүͰˡ˵ү⻹Ǹѧģթȴġ
бһۣû˵ʲôЩȷʵҲûʲôá
Աߵ£ͷС֮ȥ
СǣԺʵ㣡
һڴǵĴųƵĸȥ
һ˶²ȴǲұֳ˿Ĳ
Сֵܣʹۣ
һ˲ţ뿪ıӰд
ֱһ뿪˺Զһһڴһڴͬʱ˫ѾǱ鲼Ѫ˿ŵİ˳ɵ̣ô˴ˣ
ǵĺ£һĵһ̫ϳϳͺ𣺡֮λ㲻ˣɽ꣡
ϡ

һ̫ϳŭ

٣Ʒǧ龧ܼ񵤱ҩôɾ͵ˣҪǻȥղҺͰһ˰ɣ
ⲻԶһЦĶ
бĴȥ
̲סۣ΢΢ġҡһ
ƫͷ죺ȥ𣿡
ʼᣬһַǳ浾ĸоȪ
ã
˵
û˵ʲô
ЦֶĲ£ԽԽǰŮӺϤС
ƫͷҲ
ǣȥģ
ʵ
룬߰ɣƬ飬˳ţѰ
񣬾Ҫ£ѰƬĽƬ²ţⷽڣӦҲнƬĴڡ
š
µͷ
ǳһ뿪ڸԶúڵ棬򵥲С
ˣһۣʮչȥ
ʮʱ䣬߹ط;Ȼ̽ѰƬĴڣȴǲûѰ
磬ʦѽߺöƯĻأֲһɫ
һɽ䣬Сǰ
쿴Աߵ£ߵĺһС߹ȥ
ܿ죬ʮСԱߣϹȻкܶɫ滨ޡ
С¿ۣ˵磬֮ǰʦһʱʦͦأҲһ͸ʦɣʦһҲܸ˵ġ
캹գ
̫ʡ
˵
С££Ǿͺܲˡ
ϾӣǶʮӣһŮĻǾֻһ˼Էʾ
Ϊʲôѽ粻ϲʦ
Сס
˼֣ǡ
ﬣ
̶Хͻأһ쳤ƾնԣɳֱն졣
âɱ
͵һвһʱȫ
ԶҲɫ䣺񳯵ɱʥ

մ飬ֻ˲ѣ쳤ǳǰֱ׼üģңСҲһ𸲸⽣âڡ
켹ˣֱۣȴûдãΪһ̫ǿˣܵпռ䣬Ҳ޿ɱܣ޷Сߣֻһն
ˣ
󷽣һɵĵֱӳ΢һĨ͵ڵתۿϣնһֱӷͬʱɢգдһƵۻѹһɿݵһʱѹ
ۣյ񳯣ݰɱֶɳˣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶Хٴ֣·δ֪죬ǿ
ֲ׼죬һǺȻ׼£
ģ죡
ƿڴ
һѾеӿ֣ٵһɱ֣ɰе񳯵ɱ֣ȻҶ֣ңһֱ׼±ˣڳƣ棬񳯣޾ۻʼȼĴڻӶеۻʻӣҲҪն

մƣµĽѹת亮㶼û㡣
Ͼǿնɱʥ
վں󷽣ɰһҲûУһ̣Ƭؼʱ䶼·Ǿֹôһ˲ͬʱѹķ顣
ߣ
Զһͳ𣬰һ̨֣һ޴ѷԻİӰֱûУתۼʧ
Ĵ̨

Ŀ⼸ɱ֣Ȼȶŵۻʼɱɣ֪ʱйֱ򼶿ռ䴫̨뿪
¾ں󷽣ɰԶѾպϵѷ죬΢
һǸطռŤתİӰֱӱ˻
ǣ
İӰںɫ£ʱ򣬶ǱɫѾÿ򼶵Ŀռ䴫뿪ȴǱǿд˳


1027 ʥ˫
񳯵ɱֱǴ۷壬Ϣǿ
춢ˣĿ⼫ΪڣѾɱĴˣĴΣȻɳǿߣһ𣬶ңȻҵŵۻʼµɱɱĽն±ˣʵŭŨ
ˣ
Сĵ
񳯵˶һۣͺһҧʱը
һʱ䣬˵ϢʧӰ٣ȫ
֪޷ӵۻѣֱѡɱ
Ц
³ǸۣĿ䵽ԶСϣ˺Ȼܰȴ΢£Ǳð
쿴ɱըĵط£Զ£Աժ˼ɫ滨һߵǰݸ£ղţлл㡣
ղ³֣ԻϾľ磬ҪˣȻǲܵ£οԷóɱ֮񳯵ˡʱûȥͻ壬ֻǾãʱͻлǺʣϾʲôҲȱĻƯ£䡣
гɣֿһ˲֣ĻӵС
ȻҡҡͷȻʾǲл˼
첻ɵһЦǿ𼶱Ůӣ̫ˡ

͵еɫʱЦ顣
бһۣô
֮һûжܿ뿪Ƭطȥ
߹ɽ󴨣ǿط;Уÿ߹һطҲǻӦƬĴڣ֮ǰһûȡʲô
һۣչȥ
һҹǳ죬һѰһɽʱͣЪ
죬￴ճأ
СָɽĲϵ
ԡ
Ц
ط㹻ߣҰǳãճȻûκ⡣
ⷽɽǳԼƽ°һߣɽգЩͬʱһЩãʲôһ㡣
£ôˣ
ʵ
ƽȻҲܰʱİȴЩƽʱһ
¿ҡͷ
ûʲô
ٴʵ
»ҡͷŲϡ
΢ЩɣܿҲͲˣϾ¿Ǵ𼶸߶ȣӦûʲôܹŵŶԡ
ʱĺܿ죬תʱȥϵǳˣԵøģضһԡ
ʱѾſ˯˹ȥСǿק˯ĺ㡣ϥһߣȫڣĬĬԼΪһľ硣
ɽڣֻ»ۣһֱŶգ󣬵ֹȥʮջĿ⣬ɽڵ죬СûзȥܿʧڶڴԶĵط
תۣһʱȥ
ɽڣʱۣУһƽɫâ֯
ʱľĵøȹһЩϢø
ƽ³һɨⷽɽ¶һЩɫΪʱֻСûп¡£ɽˡ
΢΢üûнС΢΢߳ɽɨӸȴҲûзµӰ
ɽ˶٣ŸԶЩĵطȥӴֱɢ
𣡡
ҹ޵ã¸Ĵɽڣ޵ʱʱ׹оȺɽҡ
ϣ̽ܣɢĺԶģ뿪ɽԽԽԶ
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱоϤϢԶɽһľ£ţÿüͷһԵúʹࡣ
ʱɫٶֱޣһǿ絽Աߡ絽Աߵɲǣݺһֻо˿Աߵ¶ȱ䵽㣬Լ궼Ҫһ㡣
ȴ̹Ǳ£ֱֻһ¾ˣ̼ʧȥ֪һ׶ĵʹ˳
£ôˣ
˲Լ
𼶱£ȻʱʹطһĻҲû뵽ġ
½˫ǰţ巢ϢңȴҲһʶƤһ϶ģӰͽӡ
ߡߡ

ôܻߣܱʱʹĿҪʧȥ֪ȴ߶ûкһʱֻǾãʹģӦóϣƽռǰ㰲ͻȻʹ࣬ʵѽܡ
㵽ôˣ
ʵ
ߡ
´ƾ뿪ֻǣʱȴûʲô
Ȼߣ΢΢ҧԽԽľ壬ɫâӿ°ͬʱ̽Ѱ״
ºǿ󣬵ʱȴûʲôûڣѭڵĻһ·䱾Դλá
ʱ䣬ݺһǰµԴɢֲһĲһʥ뾻һ翣ԭʼ
һɲǣľ岻ɵһ
ʥⱾԴձԴ
Ǿ
ڣȻֲһıԴϢҡȫ屾Դ
ʥ屾Դ
屾Դ
˫壿
𺧡
£һʹ£Ȼѡ
һˣȻͬʱ屾Դʥ壬ǺεȿֲʱǺεȺ˵£ݹ۹ŽʷϣֹˣҪ˵ͬʱ屾ԴͬʱͨԴˣҲûй
ˣ
ڣֲͬԴ𶯣ƺĦϢøҡ
ֱ̽ӱϢ飬̲סȳһѪ
ͬʱԵøʹЩĸ
ߡ
Ķ
챧£ԸоµˣʹҲӵĴʹ
ͬʱҲʹĸԴΪڵ屾ԴûнڣʱʶĦ
һȻʹࡣ
֪·Ź뿪ɽܵǷֺ͵ģʱҲΪʲô֮ǰɽʱЩҲΪλϢ뿪ɽֻܵΪ˲ǷʹĥġͬʱɨڵɲͬԴĦˣԲµһʹ࣬ӦѾкܶˡ
ΪԸоˣ屾ԴʱĦǳңѾҪƵͬʱԻˣǵһΣԲܻôزŶԡȻ³ܹܶڵɱԴ໥ײѣңһαһʹࡣ


1028 Դ̫ͼ
żԴκԶҪĴڣһԴ٣ֱӻᵼǿҲⲻ֣ڵֱԴײѾҪƵٱ飬Ķ
¶÷һΣôص£ûжκ
ּ
Ȼ¾ûкκ˵ģϾ鶼û
·ӸӱˣϢԽԽңƾ죺㡭ߡңһͺˡ
ʲôһͺãһΣģ
ˡ
㡭ܲˡϢ
Ϣ
ʱϵϢԽԽˣ·ܹסؼ
ϢĲһʿֵܹס
챧£ʹѾʼѺۣһ̾Ҫ
ҧӿ壬̫ľתٴûڣµԴԱߣֻţڵ屾ԴײĸӾˣŸԴڵ򣬵ȴ˭Ҳʤ˭ǣײʼճ
ӿѪµԴֱԴײ֮£Ȼ˾ҵ𵴣̵ս嶼˳Ѻۡ
㡭ߣ𡭡ҡ
ƾ졣
ôܲܡѪ۵һʱƻֱ֯ڣʥⱾԴձԴѹƲǵײѹƣӿѪˮ࣬ĿȴӼᶨɢ⣬ֱӴԴϢͬ嫵Ǻӣӿǿһ
ӷ㡭ʲô
ʥⱾԴձԴѣʲôֻ壬ǿ壬ҵıԴѹǣ
ҧ
ˣ
ֻͼâ貣һ֣ԴɢԴ֮˿˿ƵӿֱӼڣתۼµԴǿдڵʥⱾԴձԴײΧڡ
ȣ
ֻ˲ϢѣӿѪ̼鲼ϸѺۡ
ʱȻ֪ʲôдһ˿żƾ죺㡭ͣ£ġ
˵
ȥ
ѪɫˣʹһһиѪ⡣ֻǣȴ˿Ҳ⣬ۿԴ֮ⲻӿڡ
ԴâµԴٴǿû룬һھѪȳ
Դȴûа㷴ӦľʹǣԼıԴ֮⽻֯ڵʥⱾԴձԴ֮䣬һӿǵĦײ
ȣ
ĶȻʹٴⴴ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣʥⱾԴձԴĦײȷʵһ˿
Ȼֻһ˿ѡ
췢ݣһҧ˶ɢıԴâŨϢǿ
˵һƮһ⣬һֻرԴʥ
ȳ̶ȵıԴһµһαɫ
Ҫ㡭ͣ£
Щż
ΪȻܿһֻرԴȻҪǿԼֻرԴȥѹڵʥⱾԴձԴײ֮ղȥڱʥⱾԴձԴֱӰϣֱ
Ŀܼᶨ
ܰģһ
˵
ڵһۼʱ;ŮӺϤ׽ԷİʱʱǾȹʱ򣬼ʹ࣬ҲܲܡڣǷȥºܿͻڵ屾ԴײԻôĿ³ȥҲ
˵һһֻرԴӿЯǺӵֱûڣתۼڵԴһƣֱǶϡ
ʱ䣬ٴοѪϵѺ۸ˣʶڸ캣ˡ
ֻǣĿû˿仯ɼᶨЩ䡣
ˣ
ۣһֻرԴǣǿмڵʥⱾԴձԴм䣬ͬһʥɱԴײɱԴ
ʥⱾԴձԴԲһ£ͣȴɷǳҡ
ƣȻǵһδܷɺشвоѪӿ
ֻǣȴɲ⣬üͷûһ£ƺ߶ûд
ţʱȫԼֻԼһֻرԴǿѹƺͻڵʥⱾԴձԴײ
ò˵ųơֻһ塱ֻĺǿ澳ΪһֻرԴڣȻĴѹסµʥⱾԴձԴײʹ屾Դࡣ
ֻǣ屾ԴײʱѾ̫ˣݱ䵽һµĳ̶ȣܰ࣬ȴԱֹסڲϵײͬʱѹûڵһֻرԴʹһֻرԴ飬ʹٴοѪ
屾Դ˷һ㣬ײĳ̶ǿʼþҡ
ȣ
ֿѪɫӲ԰ףɢϢˣǻʱϨ
ͬһʱ䣬µıøʹ࣬ÿüͷһţĸʶЩģˡʱڻУ˫ֲ֪ʲôʱѾץס·ƺӻһ㡣
ʹĿҪʧȥ֪вӿѪԽԽʹ࣬ȻܣͬʱиǸһӷŭ۱øӵ財
˵
ڲײŵʥⱾԴձԴ̲סһŭ
䣡
һ˲䣬ڣʣµһֻرԴâʢ
䱾Դ֮УԼаɻ˻ħ졣
֮һڵһֻرԴ𶯣һ˻ÿһɢױȵĿֲϢֲ㡣
һ˲䣬񷶼Ϊһ罻֯ڲ񷣬졣
ɲǶѣڵʥⱾԴձԴֱݺһ·ͻأʶ㣬ֱֹͣײޱȰԹԺһ㡣
춢ڣʱԼûвͫ˾޴ı仯һƷµĵ۽֯Լڳ飬֯Ѫâ
ӿѪĿ⺮䣬һֻرԴΪǣһֻرԴ⣬ڰʥⱾԴձԴֻرԴʥⱾԴձԴ֮䣬ݻһ̫ߣһ߻ʥⱾԴһ߻ձԴֱʥյıԴ̫ͼʹֱԴð
漴¸ֻرԴ⣬֮ʥⱾԴձԴǻǣԼһֻرԴعԼڣһֻرԴںϡ
ˡ
ȾѪ
̫ͼԹΪƽȶֻرԴ֮ڵʥⱾԴձԴγɱԴ̫ͼģǾȶԺ󲻻ٷ£ڣ屾Դܻ˽ںϣɾһֵǿԴ
£ɫ԰׵㣬Ƥ£ջǱϣĴľ˹ȥ
ץһ֪ʲôʱҲѾ˯˹ȥΨкÿüͷʱչ˿һʹ㾲Ŀ컳һƾȵĺ


1029 ɺ
ɺڰҹɫ»ŴأɽҰ޵
쿿ɣȾһ˿˿Ѫۡ¿У˯ú
ʱ䣬֪ţɽЩˡģҹʼȥֱһֳ߹ڲ񷣬ɽʪͳ֮ɢ
һº͵ĳԣҫϣ֡
תۣһӹȥϵº͡
ƤӶ˶֣Լ˫֣ʱץű˵·ǰһӵţһֱֻۣĻ塣
̧ͷϣǿݣǵѪԣɫһƬ԰ס
ʱռ£оֱǣһֱ壺죡
ΪͻĶ屻Ļζڻ˯зһƺߣƤ˺ü£ۡ
µӾڽǰʹƯˣдԶ׼Ǽ֮ɫ
¡
Ằ׼վŸһ̲סƺߣֻûͷҪɢƵģһžҵʹд궼Ҫ˰㡣
ռƽϢҵıԴɹˣܵĴȴǲᡣ
𶯡´ͣһ΢Ʈ컷ƣʱƽΪѾûʲô󰭡Ե۹⽫֣ˣ˶٣ȥߵѪΪʲôôɵˣֵ𡣡
ᣬߵѪиâ֯ûڡ
ֻ屻һůʹһɿٶʧһƵıǿ
£΢ЦСҪҪðķգǸʱ𣿡
ᡣ
ҡͷ
ǾˣҲһ
񲨶һ˲ܿǱֻ͵ĵ۹⽫츲ǡ
챳ɣµĵ۹塣
ˣԵúܰ
лл㡣κʱƣ֮ײԽԽңԭ໹ѹʮꡣΪ໹ܻʮʱ䡣
ΪǿʱѾ֣Լڵ屾ԴһµıԴ̫֮ƣ÷ǳȶںΪһƣԤʾţҲᷢײм±ԴȻֻ֪رԴ
˵ţûи˵ӣɰΨпʱĿЩ
쿴˵ĻʱҲ㰲ȻǶԼƺҲ⣬ǲãʱְʵЩѹ֣ôԴԼôȻ
Ȼأ

ıܰᣬһƵ۹⻺ƽ͵ûС
ſڣʵڲ֪˵ʲôãҲ϶˵ʲô
룬ʵڣô屾Դ
СС
µ
죺
оԼһǳ⣬ΪԴԭ֮ġ
ɣµĵ۹£ƺܿȬҲ۷壬԰׵ɫƽռ
˫֣֣׼ӵ
ҵˣ
Զһ
һ£СΧŴɽòҵ£˹˽ǰ
һֱ̣ӵۣΪ˫֡
ǲĲʱ򣿡

ΪʲôĲʱѽС˵Ǿʦʹ簡
㻹С
Ʋ졣
죺
µıȻûʲô仯Ҳûæɿ죬Ե󣬲ɿ֡
һĻ˫ֵԲ˼֣СӣţôͰ¹յ֣
죺
ˣȫͲ

ʦ硣Сǳճ𣿡
캹գǣǡ
Աߵ£ûж˵ʲôֻǶСĵ˵ͷ
ɽڣĿͦãһ˵ûطܿ뿪ˡ
֮ͬǰǰ㣬һΧУδ߹ĵطϾƬǺܹǿҲѿԽƬ߱顣
תۣȥ
һ죬һһϣһ𣬸ֱ
ڣתԴɷǳǿϢȻµһʥⱾԴһձԴ⡣
ǡжݣҹԼıԴʱдһʥⱾԴϢձԴϢҵıԴڣʱ˳
ôţɿıȣųҵĻȼ˰㡣һ̣µһ˿ʥⱾԴձԴʼٷֽ⣬תۼǻʮֺ嫵ܣٳÿһӿȥ


1030 
ɺܳӿȥֻоԽԽȣڵѪҺǲɵÿʼһ޴ĻɽϾҪһ㡣
ҪҸطչؼա
˵
չأԱߣЩ⣺СôͻȻҪչأʲôˣ
ͬһʱ䣬һλϣ¿죬ı仯Ŀ΢вû˵ʲôûκһֱӴ죬Сʧԭأһ̳һڵĹȵΡ
ԶݣƶʵЩˣͬǽǬŲư㡣
治û۷ۻʶηˣ⡭үһĲûиоͱ任һλãֱתռһ
̾
ºܰ죬᣺
Ȼ仰˼ȻҪΪ
лл
һ漴ûԥֱһɫʯϥ£̫ľתֱʼڵɺܡ
ʱ𼶵˿ĵġ
ˣ
һʱ䣬Ľɫ⽻֯óңɢϢҲԽԽǿΪһٶȿʼȪ硣
СӡҪͻˣô죿ϴνûȥð
ۡ
վһߣĿϣֻǾĿţĿɫδ
ˣ
⣬ɫԽԽŨԽԽңɢϢҲԽԽǿ
һʱ䣬ܵĿռ䶼˶͵죬·һ̾Ҫһ㡣
תۣ߸ʱȥ
䣡
ϥʯϣһɾ˵쫷絴ֱӱһƬռ䡣
ۣ죡
ȵǣϢڷɿûͣ
⡭Ҫ壿
ľ
ǰڻɫʯϣڵµһʥⱾԴձԴ̫Ũˣ嫵ƬܵԽԽȡ̫ľӿٵתɿڵܡ
ЩǣûѪûУûʶڣУһԼΪһ߶ԼǣԼʶꡣ
䣡
ʱϵϢٴαǣɫһͨĹϲ񷡣
⽫ĹǺ֮ɫСӡô£ĸоֻдΪϵϢϵıǿ⡭ʲô£
ϵĽƯ
С۾
¿죬
ˣ
ڴʯϣɫ⣬һƵıŨû񣬱ǿͬʱüǲɵ÷ʶڣɵþҵҡҷ
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬Ϣٴαǣ졣
⣬ȴǲûнϢֱֹȥʱ䣬ٴεһɿܣֱӽһƬռķѡ
죡
Ӳûеɳ
ʮʱ䣬죬ֱӿ뵽죡
ֱǡˣ
Сӣϵ׷ʲôôͻȻΪôࣿ⡭
˫۵ɵĸԲ
ǰɫŨʱǲټǿǿʼȶǿʢĽɫƽһƵڡ
˫ֱֹۣ֮ȥʱǻ˫ۣâһûһ˲Сɽȶ˼֡
棬أ

ʮʱ䣬ڵµһʥⱾԴձԴԼǿΪﵽ죬øӻǱøǿʶǼʮǰǿ̫̫ࡣ
ʱоԼǾڵҲսţ¿Ե޵У벽ǿҲɱ
ʹɵƫͷ£ʵ𺳣񶼲ɵЩ˸
ҹֻڳһֻرԴʱд΢һµʥⱾԴձԴȴֱӴشﵽأС̨ףʶȶһԾʽĽǺεȵľˣ
𼶵ˣֻһСƱԴϢȳ̶ȵܣ⡭
аĿȡ
ӭĿ⣬쿴Լ룬ϲ
죺
ܾãƬ̺˵ʱı飬ʵЩľɿɰ
ĸ
˵
û˵ʲôҡͷ
ʹһߵЩŹ֣죬£漴ǿ죺Сӣ˵ʲôүôЩֵֹģ£Щͺ档
бһۣûʲô
ڵµһƱԴϢϣǵܽҲһˣʱԻɫʯͷվһԾ¡
ºܰվһߣ֪ôڣ˵뿪֮ǰһƬߣ
š
µͷ
ҲͲٶ˵ʲôЦЦһ˺ܿ뿪
Ϊ·һŸһ߸֪ƬڵĽƬĴڣ߹һɽһ
ˣתʮչȥ
һ죬һһϣʶڵ񽣺΢΢£һ߲ɫâĽ֯һˮư㣬Ķλõ
ʱݣַӦʵ̫ϤˣǸоµĽƬĴڡ
ƶĿⶢطĶλãֱɢԶԶĿһƬɽɽһһɽʮֶͣмһɽɽޱΰһͷѵ㣬ǳˡʶڵ߲ɫâǱֱָΰɽ
ҵˣ
¶â
飬Щ棺СӣͻȻ˫۷Ź⣬ôˣ
ûʲôҡͷһ˵ǻȥطĶ
䣡
ͻȻԶʮǿֱܲӴĻ
ת۶ѣǰϣ䣬ϢԵ
ǰĿֱϣɱâûһ˿һڡ
ģղң벽
ֻƾͬϢǿ˵ݡ
ƫͷˣĿҲһ䡣
룬ղˣȻɱ
¡
ղУһ˵
˸߾Ӱ벽Ŀûаϻһѹ졣
һʱ䣬ǿɱƵ˺ɱڱΰ˻ģС
ɱ⣬ȫ졣
ӭȿֲɱ⣬û˿ɵһҲ⡣
ղң뱻ˣ
ĵֻһ뵽ɨɱУȭҡ
ˣ
һ˲䣬ɨɱȫ顣
ͬʱȭȴûаֱеһ˵ؿڡ
ۣ
ʱղ˵ķѣѪȾա


1031 ʥ
Ѫˮղһ˱飬˶ʱ붯ݣеʧ١
һ벽ǿߣȻô򵥾ͱˣǺεȿµǣ

ղұŭɳؾ
Įôܻᣬֱӻ׸ϣһȥ
һʱ䣬ɫĴӿ˲佫ղ˵ȼڷٻٵһɶ

⡭ôܣ
ղɫ䡣
벽ǿɱ죬ԭӦһʧŶԣ˲еһˣȻתۼǱɱ
СӸһδͻƣǾ벽ս
Ų
ղĸ벽ǿʱĲúѿ
ߣȥڣ
һ˵
Ϊﵽȸ߶ȣֻǶݵһ˲ܹףսƿֲԲǿԵס
£ֱߣɱʱٶȻҪ죬ͬĵ㳯Զȥ

˶ߵӰһ
Ŀ⵭Įһֱӽ£ɫȭǺ¡
ˣ
һʱ䣬񷶼Ϊ֮ҡֲȭͬһʯ£ֱӽһղǿȭ֮¡
ӭȭղ˾㤣㡭
ۣ
һȭ֮ƿһУղǿߵ飬ΨǱݳֵĳԶȥ
Įһǿ˹ȥ׵û

ղҽУ껯һˣֶҲãתۼ䳹׷顣
ʱ䣬ղһʣµ˸ˣֵ졣ôһգ۵Ĺɱһ벽ˣ
Ŀ⵭Įˡ
Щӣղһˡ

ӭˣȭ֮ɼֱӣһȭͬʱס
񣬽µһ˿ʥⱾԴձԴС̨״ﵽ죬ǣʶȶ˷ԾʽĽսϰ벽ˣȻʥҲûаѹǾѹơ
¡һʮΪһȭ漴ģ̮顣
ղ˴ͨһȭӭϣȻȴֵֻǱһȭҵķ飬ǵŵŵŵĺˣڿѪ
Ҳʱˢһһǰɫȭһѹ¡
໣
̶ƵʮһΣֱӻȭɫݻһʮɳղ˻ķ飬ҲһС
ǚiһղһǰԻȭѹ¡

ȭһͷɻ˸ȭˣȻ£ղû

ҽ̶ղֱ
˲䣬ɱ벽ղǿߣֻʣһˡ
СӣսǱ̬

Ϊɱ벽ʿͬвˣȷʵǷǳµ¡
ղɱһ˲ֻôһ˲ѣĸ벽˱ͬжһն־嵽Ըӵĵزʱ죬̲סŵŵŵĳˡ
ĿĮˣӰɻӰͬʱȭˣһϡ
һ̣ͣƫͷλá
Ҳʱλãǿ֣ܳӰת۳嵽طֱΪߺһߴ꣬ɢϢǿмǸ꣬ڷ磬絶һ㣬ͨƻ⣬תһ㡣

⡣
Сˣֳˣ
Ц
һߣ̧ͷɨ۰ˣƿĿ⣬ûаı鲨
ղһŵһʱ¶ϲɫֶŰ֣ղ˿ղҺͰһֱǴͬһսߣң֪ǿ󣬵ԵһֱڷޣѾﵽ۷ĸ߶ȣ֮¿޵Уһܵ
Ŀϣ¶ͺ⣺ֶɱƱ𣡲Ҫ硭
ﬣ
̶𣬾ֱ˵Ļ
֣նʽͨͬʱȭ˵ӰɻӰһתۼղǿǰ֮֡
ۣ
ղ˱޿ɱܣ޿ɵգۼǱķ飬Ҳһ
һĻʹðҵ߲ɵöɫһ䡣
⡭
Ȼ밲Ϊͬ壬Ϊ̫ϳϣҲǴڰ벽һ̣ȻôҲ򵥾նղҵ벽ǿߣж¶ɫͫ׽ǲɵöǽһ
ͨŻ⣬һƬĸǿˣܺã죬ˣÿһն֮һĻøǿᣬӴƺҪԲڵһȫѹɱ㣬мֵ
ղҵõƬϢһֱ˲̽ټʱɱ˹
䣡
ϢøǿᣬһǺӺƺƵѹ¡
ϢʹĿһС˵ǰڵܣ⼸ѵǺܷϢҪȵʿˡ
ҵ̫ϳԭھǿһնɱ벽ǿߣʱ򣬼ԼһĻƵƣеľɫʱɢȥ
ȻɺĻȣվ㲻ʲô
һ˵
Ȼ
һ˵ͷ
ǰ¡¡ģÿһձ𣬻⽻֯ϰ˻ġ
Դˣı˿䡣
ڵΪС̨ʱսܶգֻҸһС̨ףҲôܵǰ
Į
Ŀ棬̹ǣֻСⴳ룬ܵģ㡣ô˵ţϢǿ󣬸ӿֲգնͷ­
䣡
Ļճݻɺӣֱӳ
ıɲ䣬ֻеâ
յս֣ǰһκθı䣬ɻܡֻǣһսܣϴǰ㣬һΣҲϣ
˵
£һΣһųֱУ彻֯һʥơ
ʥ߱ɹ
Զȡʥʱ̲סۣСӣݣ
䣡
ʥ񱩣ʥ߱ɹӿ룬ʱâʢ
ɲǼ䣬ݣŲʱһ͡
ͬһʱ䣬ж̫ϳϱɫ¶𾪵ı顣
ʥʥ
͵һ
Įֳֹ壬ңɫӿ룬ʮеʱϯתۼ۳һ֧߳Ľɫʸʥ
Ӽԡ
Į
Ż䣬һɣ߳Ľɫʸʱŭ


1032 İ
߳Ľɫʸ¡ƵױȵĿֲƣֱӹᴩһ޴ͬǻҵĺʮֺˡ
ɫĸ֪һĿ£Żɺӿٺˡ
ֻǣ߳Ľɫʸٶ̫ˣ绹ҪѸݣգۼɱ
͵һĻɺ򵱳Ǳ飬󣬽ɫļʸƲ֮۵һŹᴩƬĻѪĿġ

Ҹ̫ϳϽһ
ȾѪȴûȥѪǿתۼ޸塣
زųˣһսֻʥ
ӱ
Դˣ쵱Ц
УƾʲôҷǵúһսƾʲôҲʥԲˣ˵ΪһսܵеùңãĻ壬ǿ
̵
ʱʹðɫһ죬ȻԡԲС
һߣ̫ϳǸŭ
һսǲһսαʲôûʵɣų򣡡
С
Ц
ƫͷˡ
ļ̫ͼ
Į
䣬ֱʥ߱ɹʥǰɫļʸ
ɫʸǿ裬ֱᴩҵ̫ϳϣٶȿ켫
㡭
̫ϳϺݺһӭŷ֧ʥ˲ͺˡ
һߣɫɺӺͨᴩԼһ̫ϳϵ֧ɫʥ
Ķ֣ҡ

ǚiɲǼǰʥ߱ɹ콣
һʱ䣬ϵĽ𶯳գʥ֮ƵԶ

ҲʱĲҽ𣬲Զҵ̫ϳϱ֧ɫʸУһ飬ֱ
֧ɫʸصΪ߶ʥͨİ벽ǿֵܹˣһУȻֱ
ã

ԶºֻܰǶǰļûߵս
ϣɫøӱɱ̹ǣĻŨͿ񱩡죬Ȼɱһһ̫ϳϡ
Цֳʥһ𣬽ɫ콣âһκХ졣
ȽâЩ£Ͼʥ߶Կնһİ벽ǿߡ
Ŀ⺮䣬¡һ⣬ͬ˰һһĵնܼâѹķ顣
أ
Ц
ڵͰһսʶԷΪһ־طԴĹͬ˹һһأһǿһӵĪ֮ܡ
һ˿Ҳ⣬ֳֹңֱӽ״
䣡
ʱܵӿȣһ۳ʥ֮ɱ貶Ŀ
һɣݵһɫʥʱֱĳء
ͣ
ֱͨӱ飬ʥɱ֮ͣµơ
Ŀ亮ɺӺƵͬʱֳһڱӡΪһƷһһ
䣡
߾ײգʥըǹɢ
СˣȻܲһ㰡ȻСΪ߶ʥһ
жݡ
ıȴǺޱ仯Ϊ壬ѾﵽأΪͬʱ򣬻һƷ£״ҵ߱ɹһסǻ˵ˡ

Į
£ٴ
һΣֱӽ״
ʱڵĽɫû빭Уʮռӷӿת۳һ֧߳Ľɫʸһε߼ʸʸ߽֯һƵѪˮ磬֮ղŵһǿ屶
ʸ׼΢΢ɿ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ʮմ𣬽ɫʸдѪɫ磬ֱĳ
صķص˻ħ״ƿֲ
Żiٶͻأ쵽£䲻ݷܿһֻǣһֱ̣ɫܿĽɫʸԶֱӵͷ˻

طһĸ죬ֱӽƷ䱬Ľ
󣬼ʸƲѪɫɣȺ鰲ĻɺӺͻͬһ߼ʸǰ㣬ֱĹᴩš
ۣ
һɱȵһε߼ʸ࣬ը
ü
Ц
ϣͺѪУһö֣֯һƻ⣬ͬˮư㵴ʹѪգۼ¾۳ǡ
Ԫ
Ц
û˿Ķվԭأٴνɽֱ¡
һʱ䣬¡¡ģܺʮռڵ۳ɼɱ
䣡
ɿңɱƵʥֱĹᴩǰ
ͺ𣬻ͻٴμͬʱʶҲ𣬳һӭϣ߾ײһƬһƬռ䣬໥
΢˫ۣòϰĺǿ¹ҵһԷʱȻҲֶ֮ԿҪǻµˣ˲ͻ
ߣ
Цٴǽ״һ֧µĽɫɱ
ɿңݵһ֧ұֱתۼǰ֮ǰ֧ʥһֱӱ鰲Ļ򣬻ʶ
ۣ
Ѫһը飬ѪȾա
Ѫ䣬Ԫ˵ɿǣѪ⳯м俿£
ߣһٶȼ죬ֱеʥնʽͨɫâһһԾգ۱Ԫǰֱֱ£͵һ֮ն
ͺɱȻ۳ǺһĶ죬
ԭսǳǿᣬѾҪܱȵڵǿˣ֮¼޵УʥɱΪסǵʥ
´ټɱ㣡
ͷߡ
򣬻ʶأһڵǿֶζˣԪʥ٣Ǻ£Ҳκβ죬ֻΪĻӡ
ɱĿ죬ֱӼĻiһ貵Ļ⣬תۼǺԽǧɣٶȿ쵽¡
ߣ߲ˣ˵ˣձɱ㣡

Ųһǚiֱ׷ȥ˵ٶ˿ҲȰ
ͬһʱ䣬ֳֹ壬ٴң״۳ӿµĽɫɱֱĶ׼ͷ­
ɱ
ĵһɣɫɱѪɫವĳ


1033 
ɫɱٶȿ켫գۼǱƽֱһؿû롣
۵һѪȾգٴըѪй½
ĿĮ粽ϣʥ߱ɹΪն塣
וּһʣʮ
ͺδؾ۶ǽɺ֧ȥ
ߣʥ£ֱӽɺѹķ顣
Ҳʱؾϣκͣ٣iʩչת۱ǿһɽԶȥ
Ŀ䵭ǚiһٶȿ켫Ҳ˲Ϣһɽ׷ɱ¡
תۼ䣬˱ǳȥԶ
ģܵ죡ƫͷ£СǸ¹ǲҲȥ
ͷСգ׷ɱķȥ
Ĵų򣬸Աߡ
䣡
ǰܹŻһߵɱһ߷ɶݡ
ϰ𣡡

˵⻰ͬʱٴ״һ֧貵Ľɫʸ۳ɡ
漴ݵһɿңɫʸֱĳ
䣡
ռҡɫʸ֮һٰٻ١
ͷҲصļͨϧȴãǿһ飬漴һνᴩֱը
绯
ͺ
һʱ䣬ӿĻ編һ޴ĺгˡ
Ŀ䣬û˿Ķʥ߱ɹ罣ն¡
͵һĻ編󵱳ɢһնһɶ
ͳưԶһֱ̨֣һռŻ
ռ䴫ͣ룡

ȫʢ״ֱ̬һٵɢҼʸͬһ㡣
һĿռ䴫ֱ̨ӱ飬ĿռŻֱպϡ

ͺ⽻֯۳һγżԶȥͬһʱ䣬ƳһξѪŲϴһ貹ֱըݻ֣Զߣٶȱ֮һʼʱ˼֣ǳˡ
Ԯߣգ˭ҲȲ㣡
ǚiٶȿ켫ͬʱٴ״ң߼ʸԻ
סһɣ߳ɱʸתۼɱǰ
һǿһܿ죬һѪɫ磬תۼ׷ϰ
ۣ
һΣըѪˮȾƬա
Ŀ䵭ֱǰ
ͺһ߷ɶݣһؾܿ־۳ǡ֮Ϊ֪ûκãֻǽеڼеi֮ϣʹýµٶǵõһ޴һ˲ֿȥԶ
С˵СΪô֧ʥȻܻţϢû˥٣Ӳ
ԶԶĸţЩԾ

С˵
ϣһ
ĿĮǚi׷ɱʥն콣
һʱ䣬֮ڶʥն콣Ȼû״ɱ󣬵ȴܶ࣬һѷնɲǼ佫ɸӡ
ɫ࣬ȾѪԵޱǱȴûͣԶݡ
һʱ䣬һӣһ׷һɽֱ˦󣬲úһʿܼĴôһʿĿɿڴ
ҵ죬ǲǰ𣿣Ȼڱһͬ׷ɱȻӣ
ʿ𾪡
˭Ƭ˭᲻֪ǿǻ壬ǿޱȣܶǰѹͬһϱǿߣ񣬾Ȼڱһͬ׷ɱģǱ
Ǹˣ˭ȻɱǸ尲Ӷݣ
⡭ǰͬû˵ôǿһ˰
Уǡʥ
񡭡ȷʵʥ
һšʥ
⡭
ϣһʿ죬ʧɫ
Ҫ֪ʥȲεıȻǴ󲿷ֵǿ߶ûУΪʥĲ̫ѰѰˣҪɹʥҲǷǳסЩʿڼһʥ׷ɱܹ𺳣
䣡
׷ɱʥٴһ֧ʥֱɱ
ݵһʥɻֱӴӰû룬ǰطɳѪˮ졣
㱻Ƭ˳ͬ޵񻰣˿㱻׷ɱǱӴܣоΣǲǺܣ
̵
ȾѪͷɢ˿Ǳ˼㣬ɫˣеɱ嫺һҡȴһҲûУֻǲŻiɶݡ
ЦһǰԶٴʥնƬ콣
ﬣ
̶Ľ쳹ʣ콣ͬѹ£ÿһǺţÿһƺ׻ɱһ벽ǿߣĸһʿ㤡
ʥƣֻ򵥵һɱáÿ£
˶¡
ͬʱľڰ˿̵״̬߻壬ڵ޵񻰵ˣ˿ȴȻһͬ׷ɱͷɢǱӶݣʵǺܴۡ
ǿǰǻ尡ʥ֣⡭
ͬһҪ𣿣
壬ѵҪɱ
ʿĲ
ﬣ
ǰ콣ѹ䣬һδѣӶնˣѪȾķ
С˻ܿⶼû
Զɵ
ʤģ
Сȭͷ
ȻһҲûУֻǾĸš
ˣ
ǰʮռڵͻȻ׷ڣһɼΪ񱩵Ϣ֯
ʥ״ңһμԼһƴڡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģطƬ񷶼Ϊ֮ʧɫһĴ䣬ʥ̽֯һƬ΢͵ꡣ
⡭
˳ʱס˸һȺʿ̲סһˡ
ɱƣ溧ˣ
Ŀ䣬һɹңɱһƬܼĵ꣬ʮ
һĴ򣬸ǿ죡۵һٴνᴩ
һ̲סҽУը궼˲٣


ٴעɫעһֲ֧ĵɱ۶Բϴ£Яֱ֮ɱ
ʱռ飬ͬ涼һѿɳʯͲľ뱻ա
󵨣
ͻȻһɭһߴӰԶ֣תۼ絽
һߣŽۣڶĻꡣ絽ڰǰֻһĳɱĵɱķ顣
ʱһʿǶݡ
ǣ
һǿߣ
ǣǡһڣ
ʿһ
ͬһʱ䣬Ŀһݣߣâ֯
֮ǰ⣬ӳĳڲϣʱͲ²ԷԮڿȻû粽ߣͰżΪƵϢǰһ棬ңΪȻڶء
ҵϻˣ
Ц
ڰǰĵɱĿ޸壬ҽѹնɱİ漴ֱ̧֣һѹ£µֱ֮ӷУʮռ


1034 նɱ
Űڶ֣մ鿪ֽ¡
һʱ䣬ܵյƺֹͣ
⣬ֻǴʹȻ
ţ
⡭ˣȳ̶ȵǹɱ£ܵ
һʿĲ
¡¡ģڵĴ£ѹͷ˵졣
Դˣɫû˿仯ȭֱӳŶԷѹĴӭϡ
ǽ棬޾Է
һȭֱȫ
ˣ
һʱ䣬͵һը˰㡣
ȭƣʹøһʿʧɫǰҵҲݡ
һ̣ȭͰĴײһ
飡
һķռ飬ݺһֱԶѹָֻǾֱֳѺۣʺѪˮƮϡ
⡭ôܣ
ƺǴ澳ȴȻǿ棿Ȼ˰ҵ棡
ҲûôŰɣ
طһʿ𺧡죬Ȼһȭһڶصǿߡ
Ѿ޸壬ʱ¶ݡǻ壬Ϊڰ죬ҲûһȭڶصǿߴˣΪѾ·ϵĵڰ˸󾳽磬֮Ĳʵ̫ˡأһصĸС磬а澳Ĵ󾳽蹵£죬ȴһȭһ棡
ȻҲɵõۣСӡһֱ֪Ǻܱ̬ʱȴЩԾϾغڶأ̫ˣصΪһȭڶصİ棬ʵЩˡ
ΨԼô£һǿֻ壬̫λٵϴҲҪһ㣬ڲǰµһ˿ʥⱾԴձԴ֮Ѫֹǣʹ˸һ츲صı仯ȾʮЧҪǿᾪˡ
䣡
ܵնϣطһʿ̲סݺһ
ϣøǿϵѺתۼ޸øӱڶصǿߣȻһʿһȭֱۣ飬ұʿУǾԵĳ衣
С
ϵϢɽ㱩ǣ񷣬Ƶʮ졣
һ˲ѣɲͬĴڳֲâڱϰ˻ġ
ԲڣÿһնΪȵâҡ
֮ѴʴֲһĴ򣡡
⡭
˵ʿڴﵽ֮󣬿ԽʼƿصֲһĴ⡭Ȼģ
ܣһʿ𺳡
ĿһݣԷִ̼оһɾ޴в
罣ִ񷶼𶯣ɭȻı졣
𶯡
һƮƬռڲԶƽ
ʱ䣬׻ܺʹ𣬶ϸֱ亹ʶ£ͫʲס˳Ŀϡ
㣬㡭
£ĸ촽ɵöˣ亹ס¡
⸽һʿŰı飬ɵЩ⣬˳ŰĿȥǿһߵ¡ʱ䣬Щһ붯ݡ
á
⡭ǻ߳𣿣
Ҳ˰ɣ⡭𣿡
ʿĿޡ
ò˵ĺȻݶЦվûаֱ飬ҲΪ֮ʧɫ
Щʿµľգֶ¶ɫΪ涢ʱеĿ־̫ˣЩ˺ܹŹ֡
ҵ棬ôǡں
ƺҲ
ǣϢоһҲǿôܻڶİ溦£
һʿԵøӵĲ⡣
ҲǶݣԼһں¡Ͼһˣֻ˲뵽ˣӦһǳǿĴڣǡִֻһʩĳѹֻһܸоһ־壬롭Ҳǰ벽ۻʣ
ʹͫһ첻ʥߡôǿˣ
£ʱ£ĸͷµ亹ࡣղţ´𶯡֣ϸоһɵңǼΪֲĵǺ滷ߣֲˡ
㡭
ֵ£ʱ򣬳ˡ㡱⣬Ҳ²֡
Ҳʱವһ춯ˣǚiһΣֱаʥΪʩչ콣ն
ﬣ
ʱ𣬴̵˶Ĥһʹ
ʱɫæת̧ץ죺Сס
㣬𶯡
µ
ᣬȥûʲôȴʹðǺݺһ㵱ȥ
СӣʵĴţ۸Сӣ㣡
Ц
Ҳʱ嵽˰ǰʮ콣ֱʥն
ɫ࣬Ȼɺӭϡ
䣡
߼ҵײâ󣬰ֱӱԶԶɨ˳ȥ
㲻ˣ
Į
ʮαʥУ񣬰ȻûȴѾ˵͹ȣĲһ㡣
źɳȥİŲһΣֱӿ絽Էǰʥ¡
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ҵķѡ

ѪųҵĻ⣬תۼ۳
ֻǣԱߣɲǼǿ絽ǰȭֱһȭѹ¡
ˣ
Ǻǿڶص˶ܴˣһȭǽϣѪ·ɽʹðϢһ˲Ǵ˥
ŭӿѪ˹µǡ
ûˣ

ôľڣٸ˿Ļᣬֱӽʥ״һ
۵ģѪһըȫѪɫ

ɫ΢̲סҪ֡
СӣߵľѾˣҶٶһ£
в
ʹðһʱΪ֮һ͡
Ѫһɶǿȴǲ𣬷ŭ𣺡ʥʲôֻܲҰУ
ĿĮûʥһսңֲ˿仯µ˲䣬ֱӽֻͼͬʱһӿϣת۳ֻͼƺƵĳŰѹ£δ֣
âţȴǸסֻͼ
Ҳʣá
ۣ
ֻͼѹУֱӽ飬ؼĨɱ


1035 ߿齣Ƭ
飬ѪƮڿУĿط˶ɫ
ǸȻˡ
ĲĶ졣
ױȣͬĲ񻰣ǻ壬ųɳҲܿۻʾľǿʣôһسɻʵˣȴնˡ

£ͫ׶ʱˣ鲼Ѫ˿ǰң޾ֵľţ죬ʻ磬سɵۻʹλܽǰƵһױȵĸ߶ȣȴôˡһеһУȫΪӰ
Ŀ⵭ĮŰ棬۵ɱɱԷȻԼвԷţֻҪڣ¾Ի
˶٣ջûô⵹ΪˣղֱӶֻ֣ܻ֮ǲ뿪°ɱˡ
ɨ۰棬Աºķȥ
˫۳죬鲼Ѫ˿쾭Աʱָ˶ĵ׵ɱ纣춯֣ȴվûô尲ıɱȻ͸죬뽫ңǣһ˿ǣǳ˲죬Ϊֲ¾վǱߡ
һ˵쾭ʱɱ֮ҲΪɱԻᴥŭ£һֲۻʵŭ𣬾ԲڶԳܣڣһôˣǴ޾µİ弫пֱӴˣ񲻸ңҶ춯֡
찲ȻĴӰ߹ûãºԱߡ
硣
С
С΢ЦֶµͷΪ֪²ô˵ڣ˵ˣ߰ɡ۷֮ǰǸλá
ͷͬһǰ㣬ûκζûһ̱Ǵ죬СʧԭأòԶһʿһ
ô£ǡôͻȻʧˣ
˿ռ䴫̨ûа
⡭
һʿۡ
ʿƶĿ´ҲʲôҲûֻܷ֣Ŀľɫ

һŭǰ𣬰˻𣬺
ĸһʿһĿⲻɵһӶ䵽˶ԷϣǶ뵽尲ɱ¡
䣬ονǡ
˼Сֹ漴ֹס첻˵Ϊŭİڵŭ

˻ȺɽһƬƬֱӱƬ

һƬɽ䣬ɽһ죬£Сƾն֡
ۣ漴£СֹϢŲ˿ռ䡣
ԱߣǶʱ䶯ݣǡ
֮ǰղǿߺͰɱǰʶڵӦӦµĽƬڵأþ
ԭ˵ԭ·۷۷ղ˺Ͱɱʱĵطջȴû뵽¾ȻֱӴǽͬϴǰĿռƶңֱӴŲƵط
ƫͷ£ʼպ֪֮ܰǰʱӦע⵽֪ֱŲط
ﲻɵдȻƽռǳȥʲô¶⣬ȴƺǺϸģ·ߵһУûҰ
ôˣ
¼춢Լãɵóʵһĺ浾
ûУûʲô
ҡͷ
ˣ
ͻȻʶеһ߲ϼ㵴ֱָƬɽеΰɽ
ʱһ࣬ƫͷɽȥ£Сֱӿǰȥ
ٶȲɽλøǷǳԣֻһ˲ѣǳڶɽԱߡ
ɽԣɽԵøӺΰ͵ʯһ飬ѵɽ֮ͬʵ
ˣ
ʶײǱٴ𶯣ʶڵһ˽߲ɫϼֱָɽײ
ͷͬʱʶڵһ߲ϼ⽻֯˫ͫϣ򵽶ɽײɵǿһȭͷС߲ʹԴ
ɲǼ䣬н֯貾â
߿齣Ƭҵˣ
ȥҾͺá
µ˵
䣬ûԥֱӽɽŲתƿ·ƿһúһֱͨص׵ĶȭͷСĽƬԱߡ


1036 ٴν
ȭͷĽƬڶɽɵλã˸߲ʹâΪʶе񽣵𶯶Ծжͬʶ㣬ֱƮǰ
н֯â˶٣߲ʹԴ֡
ˣ
߲ʹԴ·Լʶ㣬΢΢Ծ£ֱû뵽С
漴һ̣߲ʹԴ˳壬תۼʶڣֱʶײǱԱߣ΢΢˶٣һ߲ʾ飬˲Ϣ롣
ʱһϢŨƳ߲ʹ財
ǸСӡ
졣
ȻǵһμѰƬʱɱŹ֡
еһһ˿ɫ쿴˺ܾãȻǱ
ˣ
ɽصף쾲ʶе񽣵߲ʹâһƮ䣬дޱȾ˵ʹо嶼˰㣬
΢ۣ̫ľתʼɿƮ߲ʹâʹüΪһοʼɢϢֱ

ʱѾɱϢ˷
ʲôǸȻһͬɱˣ
ôܣ
ǿǻ尡ͬƺûܵУǺܶϱǿҲǶ֣ôᱻһͬնɱ
˵밲ͬӣһʥˣ
ʥʥƬûʥǸɱˣȻʥ⡭
һС¥ڣʿΧһͷӶ۷׷ףžݡ
ʥܿ£ǧҪΪǵƾʥɱĻ壬˵ʱҵȥǸˣԴǵһȭ˰ҵ棡󣬸ǵŰڵ棬ɱ˻尲
ʲôŰɱ˰Ǹˣﵽ˻羳磿
⵹ûУ˵˱ȰΪҪһЩ졣
ôܵŰɱܣˣţʥ֣Ҳܵסǿ߰ҵ棬ܻԼһľ屻ʥɱǰɣ
ǰ
˲⡣
ΪСΪ˵ɱߣһŮӣֻʱ򵥵־ס˰棬ðһҲҶ˵Ǵڰ벽ۻʲΣпĵۻǿߣ
ʲô
ˡһ벽ۻʣǣһĵۻʼǿ߳
⡭
ԣһʿԾ

λãղҡ
ղһƬɽ֮䣬ͥ࣬ɼΪǷ
ʲô
һղһ𣬼дڵĻҡ
ڣղҼղҼ̫ϳϣղһ涼ڣ鲻ÿǲ׷ɱ벽ǿˣǻûüŭһţɱˣŰնɱҵһҲҶԭΪվһ벽ۻʣۻʼǿˡ
ô᣿
ߣȻһ벽ۻʣǡĵۻʣ
ңǡ
ղЩ΢
ղңһһǲǿ׷ɱ죬׷ɱɱµĳԹ̫ˣһ벽ۻǵۻʵĴڣܲţҪ֪ղǿҲڶѣһ벽ۻʶܻٵղңۻʣǵָĨУ֮ߵǸǿղңղֱӾͻٻѣֱӱĨ
һʱ䣬ղҵһڴǶˣһ඼ǾҲ
ȥһʣȻ㣡
ղһͳ

ղҼԶĵطڶɽصɴĹâԽŨˡ
ˣ
ת̫ľһƵڸ߲ϼ⣬ΪһʵǣɢϢԽԽǿͬĴҲڻǿ
Ѱ߿齣ƬƬдŵܵǺܾˣҼддĴ̣Щ̽ѪУĺôȻǳĴ
СӣǡҪˣ
ɽϣ̲סۡ
վԱߣʼԵúܰ
ˣ
ڶɽ£ϢϱǿҲԽԽŨ
תۣʱȥ
һ죬߲ʹâͽɫ⽻֯ںϣϢ͵ǿһ㡣
󣬺¡һһɰڳȻ䵴һɾ쫷磬ܵıһƬһƬ
쫷ǳǿڵص񱩣ʮƽϢ
ɽϣſڣأ
Ҳʱɽ£컺˫ۣУһš
죡
ֻоڵ׳࣬ʶʹҲǱøǿ󣬼սһ޴Ľ
⣬۵â㡣
ʱʶڵѾƽΨнϵķԴˣǿҲͲ⣬΢΢һԭվһμڶɽϣ£Сǰ
ģٶȣǡʦһ̬ȻһУ

첻ǰŴصأΪﵽڰ죬ʵȣ뷭ۡ
С
˵
˵ţ£һͺӣ۾գһ£鲻һ˿һҲûС
죺
ӣЩա
ɿ£˵һ룬ٴȥתһת
СӣˣֱȥղңڣЦﵽ죬ȥղһˣǱ׷ɱҲһأֱӴȥ˵ţֵүﻹһö֮ǰƵͨ񵤣ĿǰΪͨʮսղңû˿⣡
ղ֮ǰ絽׷ɱǣڵʱŻŰϮ죬ʧ֮ϵһδ׷ɱȻǳˬ
жʱһĨâ漴ɨðöͨȡȻﵽ죬ҪɱڵǿߣҲǲ̫ܣǼһöͨʮսǱǿ
үʲôʱС

ʱЦ΢ۡ
Ǿͣɱȥ
˵
ԭ֮Ҫȥղһ˽Թʱ㿪ڣȻ˿ԥ
£µһͷ漴һ˱ǳղȥ
ڵϤǰ·ûñһɽǰһƬƬԻ͵
ղأˣ
Ц


1037 ղ
Ļ̧ͷǰղڣһһǽ̻ԻͣһյıŨƷǳΰ
΢΢ۣߡ
һ˵ĲӲ첻ûȥñǽղ⡣
ʲôˣ
ղͥӵܼһˣ˿ںȳ⡣
ֻգۼѣ˱ǿһ˵ݣݣʱŵɫһס
㣬ǣ㡭
˻̿֡
ͬһʱ䣬ղŵǼ죬־־塣
ΪղҵӵܣȻ֪ԼһһֱҪɱ죬֪ǿ󣬶ʮ𶯣尲նɱ£Ǵһ벽ۻʣĵۻʣʹԵøӿ¡
ʱǼһԼһ⣬ܲ־塣
㣬㣬롭
˶¡
鵭Įƽĳǰȥ
ղͥ˸ȫˡ
첽Ӳ䣬ûãֱӿղڡ
һʱ䣬ղڣһղӵȫɫ¶ı顣
ǣˡ
һղӵֻܿš
ղҵĳԹЩղӵܷǳǿЩҲ֪ķڴţЩ˸Ƕ˵ˣʱղңЩղӵȻΪһͣһǿ־巢
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյղʮӰתۼǰ
ʮˣղ棬ղһŵļ벽ϣղһļղһ泤ϣļµı飬жǴڵĻҡ
ССѣۣμۣ
ղΪףʮȫд
ʮǰ򴫳նһٰ벽ۻʼڵºղһڴסˣղȥ˰Ұѯʡղ밲ΪܰΪʹʧ˶ʹ࣬ǣղɵõϢߣһۻʣ
֮ղп־֪ղǾĪ׷ɱôΣֶζˣȴǵ֪߾վһۻʣһۻʰǾȻһδ׷ɱеۻʳˣôһڣղңղҾԻ
ǣʮղЩһĵÿʱÿ̶ڿ־ţʱղңղЩȻǵһʱ֪˳
Сˡǰײ崦ǣСԭ£պһҶС˿ð
ղ
Сˡ
ղҲڣ΢
֪еۻʼǿߴڣЩˣһǻҺͿ־塣
춢ЩˣɵһЦ
ղңһڵʱǱ˿׷ɱҺѣ޹֮󣬲²ҪڵʱŻɱǣʧܺ׷ɱ벽˶˳ôһδε׷ɱңڵ֪иۻʼڣˣ־ˣ˵ˡͲð£¼䣬ûô˵°ɣ
˵
ЦүСӿ׷ɱ棿øκδۣ
ղһڴﶼһɫӻҡ
ղ濴£΢Сѣ㡭ҪβſϷŹղңҪʲô㿪ڣֻҪղеģȡղûУպҲѰ˫ַϣʲôҪղղңհ졣еۻʼڣղ治˿ײеģֻǿ־塣
ղҵǸֵͣ̿Ŀ£ֶĿϡ
쿴ղ棬ղȺȻ֪Щη£ЩˣɵĮ˵ôĵķϻǲɱԼɱңңҲɱǡ˵ҲΪһԵۼ֮ѹղңȻôҲ޻˵ǣҸϲԼԼ֮ĶԹԼղ˽ᡣ
㡭
ﬣ
̶Х޷ԶһǿĽɢᵴķ
ǿĽĳȴղ˽ǲļ¸С
ºܰСûһ֣ڿա
Сӣš
ͨ˦죬һŲȥ
תۣһԶԶ뿪ղء
鵭Įץסͨ񵤣ղҵһڴǡ
ɣ֮ǰٱһЩΪʿϡ
˵
ϣ콣âи֣϶ֱղնȥ
Ƚâɲȴղ⣬ղҴǶǴ󾪣æܡ
Сѣ㡭
ﬣ
ϣ콣âԣǿʢնղһڴ
СѣҺǵˣ֣ûаϵ
Į
ղһڴɫǺѿܣ㿪˽âһͤ¥ȴǱ˲٣Ľ
Сѣ㲻Ҫ̫ͱˣ
ղɫࡣ
䣬콣âһԻǿˣֱնղ档
һķ顣
׷ɱôΣ׷ɱʱŻ꣬ɳ벽ǿߣڣȴ˵ͱˣЩһôҪǾãֻܹѹɱˣֻҪ㷴ͱˣ
˵
䣬һ콣նֱղ
һʱ䣬Ľղնͷ­
ղ̧֣˫ּ䣬һƽ콣âȫ顣
Сѣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣղۼԶ£ҧ˵ϷĴӣ㶯֣ΪܹеùϷ򣿡
ĮԷаϻŲһΣֱӳڶԷǰɫȭѹ¡
ˣ
ȫһȭֲȭʮռ̮ղҵĵرǸֳһѺۣʹղɫ䣬Ǳȿֲȭıɫ
ȻεղǱͱ䣬æֵֵͬһȭӭϡ
飡
ȭתײȭܵĿռٴα顣
һ죬ղ汻ˣȭͷѺۣѪˮƮա
һĻʹղٴαɫǵײһȻˣ澳εҴȭͷ
⡭
ղһ˾
ղǱɫڴ˵ܿ£ʱҵڶ˿ԳȭʱûбȭȻˣȴǳ˴
ﬣ
鵭Įٴζ֣һΣٵ콣âڳɿĳղնȥǿղܵÿһռ䡣
ղɫ࣬һƽ콣ȫĵķ顣ۼԶ£죬֪Ҳݣһͺڣִһи¶ͶȻҪղҳ֣ǾɣһƵ⣬ȫɱ졣


1038 ղҸ
񱩵ִܽ֯һӿղȫֱԲɵĿռȫ˿ܵĻᣬҪһնɱ¡
Ȳֲܿʹôﵽص̼о˾޴ѹ
ǣıȴ˿䣬һαǽе̷ͨ¡
䣡
ʱϢɲǱǣһڳʮصĻɽһ㣬µĲղضΪ֮
ղǡʱɱǰ̼ɫ䣬ϢֱӸоһ㡭
û˿Ļ̧һȭѹ¡
һΣֻĻӳһȭɵĺȴǿֲһʱ˺ղɱ⣬󣬿µȭתۼ佫ղķ顣
棡
ղҼ˽Աɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ղһͨӵǾֺȻ
һ棬ȫֵ£Ȼһȭ͸ˡ
ϵϢôͻȻôࣿ
һ˾֡
ԶĲϣ̾СΪͨʮʵǿ£Ϣ

СקСȭͷ
һĺͬ޲Ȫ档

ղһŭղգۼ־ŭĶ졣
㡭
ʱ죬ղЩĲϵϢͻȻǵ̫ˣʱ򣬱ǿ̫̫࣬ļˣ
鲻䣬ˣΪⲻˣ˿һöͨ񵤣ǲһˣڵʶǣ꣬ٶȵȸʵͬʱʮղ棬ѾĿ
ղ棬һΣʥ߱ɹֶʥɢ
⣬ʥʥ
ղǱɫ
ղһ죺㣬
ˣ
ֱңӿֲʥƵ̼ղĻ
һʱ䣬ʮӿĽɫƺƵӿʥڣתۼ۳һ֧ɱʥʸ֮ˣֱ׼ղҵ档
ղ̼ɫұ䣬ӭŶ׼֧ɱʥвͬˮһգۼ佫֮ûСѣס
·
쵭Į˵ٴδղĻŹҵ־ֱɿ
ʱ䣬¡һ죬貵ɱʥɳͬᴩǣٶȿ켫ƺˣ۵һᴩղڣקŶԷһɳȥǧԶ۵һըͬڵҲһ顣
˲䣬ղڱһƬѻȸ
ֱղһ̫ϳϺղҼ˲ǷӦ
棡
ղһڴﾪ֡
һڣǿߣȻһ͸ɱˡ
ǶԶ죬ʱĸ
ССѡˡﰡ
Сѿ
Źǰɣ
ղһڴ־ġ
鵭ĮɱңɱǣƽҾС
վԭأһҲ⽻֯Ϣˡ
ղһڴһ־һ涼ɱˣЩˣοܴĹ죿
ǵøϾɱ𣿣αôݶ
ղһ̫ϳϲʵĵ
ƫͷɨˣĿ䣺ɱӦãɱǾͳ˺ݶ
ղҿڵ̫ϳԣɫʱһЩֻǡ
Į˷ϻֱʥնһ콣â۵һڵ˻飬ͬҲһС
Ϊ죬ˮ׼£նɱղҵİ벽̫ϳҲѣο̷ͨʮս¡
նɱˣĮƫͷղҼһڴֵˡ
ղҼ˸ݲж¶־ͺڵı飬ΪʲôҪһδ׷ɱ죬һǿ߲˵־档ܿ죬ղҼΪףЩ˵ɫΪʱ֪ˣҲưոݣô飬һ˿һá
ҲҪݶۣ
ղһ̫ϳϺ죬Ϣֱӱÿ񱩻
ԶЦԱ˵Уǹ
ȻҲǿһ㣬˿Ҳ⣬̧־һ콣նȥ
۵һղ̫ϳϻûüԻٳɹǱһնķ飬ըҲһ
ɱ
ղѧԻ٣ĳɱȥĿԹ
վԭأһҲֻʥΪһâ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըղҳһȺ
飬ֻվԭػӽɫ콣âͨʥ߱ɹնգնʹһղҴ̲ղڡ
㲻ú
ղҼԹ˻
ЩƽҫŰ裬۸ʹѹˣȵ˴ȵǲʱֻ䡣˵ףһȺ
쵭Į
ղҼɫ࣬еĺݶ㡭
ﬣ
Х̶һɫ콣âգ۶ղҼϡ
ʱ۵һղҼը
Ŀ⵭ĮղϼϵĴ飬ٴʥ
ˣ
ղڣңɿһʮʥɱʸ
ȼʸֻȴվʥɱңʮսÿһ˲ɱ벽ǿߡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫը̶ʱѣղҳϼϵĴȫ
һʱ䣬ѪˮȾղһرղһͨӵܸ֣̿
棬̫ϳǣ
һղӵܾ֡
Щ˲죬
šŹǰɡ
˿־ġ
ƫͷĿƶɨղһͨӵܣǣǰɱ𣿡
⻰ղһӵһеľֶʱøӵŨ
Ҫɱǰ󡭡ˣ
û˸һش⣬ֻǲġ
ΪǿֻͨղЩһ˲ı鷴Ӧ֪ЩˣҪɱ
ЩˣκǿڣҲɱǣǣҲԲԼһ˿һвƽֽӡʮս߶ӡ˲ϢһͼɳһƬɿûղÿһͨӵڡ
ʱղһ˺ݺݲϵϢɿ콵ͣʮɢ
ҡҵΪ
ңҵԪ
ûˣ
ղһ˻֣̿˵Ϊһ̶ʧˣԱͨˡ
춢ЩˣɫĮ
ʮսҲͬϾƹǰһͼ͸һ壬תĨ˵ΪǣʱӣȴҲûʲô⣬ʱͼϵղˣնЩ˵еպղҵЩˣҲ̤֮·ֻΪһͨˣȹԪݵ


1039 Ѫ
ղһڵȫˣɫòҰסǵΪȫϵˡ
ΪҡҵΪ
˶¡
ǿʿȴתۼΪͨķˣȴʵ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬ղӵܸ˰·̮һ㡣
춢ղһˣĵߣɱǲɣ
⻰һʹղһӵǺݺһתۼʧ
ߣߣ
˵ĳ⡣
ղһڵҲܣûȥʰȶ
Ϊʧȥʹǣվڣıע⣬ȫնɱط
ЩʧȥΪٶޣ˵ײײܳiˤȴǲͣЪվֳȥ
ˣܿ죬ղһͨӵȫܳղأŸԶλȥ

ɨЩһۣղ¡
´СܰҲսȥ
ԱߣĻͦ죬һĵ̻ȫߡ
ͷȻ
ܿǽղҵȫһƷƷƷȲ٣ȸǼ࣬龧ǧͬʱһ񵤱ҩͨʹйžȣǱһѷߣֵҲǷǷ
֮һ֮λãʮεսתֱƿ㣬¶ղҵĸһٶʮĴڡ
صһٶʮȫѹɴСƷӡ뵽ʯС
Щղչεǧ龧׼֮СһɣȡСһЩ
ˡ
˵
ʱղڵЩֵĶȫ
Ǿ¡
˵
ͷһߵ£кºСһ𣬳ղȥ漴ֱһ뿪ղ֮ŰԶֳնܼ콣âȫղҵ֮ڣתۼ佫ղ֮˸һɶ
̳ղڹӣ˶û⣬ͷҲأŸԶȥ
ү֪ƬмĵطǰûȥҪȥߣ
ڡ
ûʲôʵΣ
á
´һļࡣ
첻ɵЦ𼶵Ůʵ̫öԸˣȥĶû
߰ɣ·Ǹš

ţЦӦڳٺñڳһ
бһۣƵĸš

ʱ䣬һιȥա
尲һڣΪ˷֣ƬĶ֮һղңٵˣ֮һƬưܵĲ档ΪҪǣͨղҽһŵһЩӵܣ֪˭ղҡ
Ǹˣ
ɱûãȻղҸٵˣ
ղңԹ
˵ǰղǸղǹˣնղ׷ɱ˺ܶΡ
ղҰôԶȴǣ⡭
ļ£𺳡
ͬһʱ䣬ղΪİңһڴºǸĲȻһһҲ⡣ŵۻͬУٵղң֮ͻȻѪܵǰǣǰʲôȥһʱ䣬һĴȫĻһĵŵ

ʱһΣܿ¹ȥ
µʱ·һȥƬȽغõĵط;ҲѰ˲ٶѰ˲Դ龧ȣʹΪ죬Ǵﵽڰ۷壬ͬʱڵҲɵ˸ƺٹþܳ
Ȼһ֮ҲǺüΣգɱǿߵΣ֣Ƿǳ򵥵ĶɹΪ𼶵һ
һ죬һɽһƬƽ̹Ĳԭϣ΢ҡҷ
Ҫȥˡ
¿죬
ȥʱжݣŮദѾдʱ䣬öԷϤ׽ദǳãʱͻȻŶԷҪ뿪ȥˣһʱ仹ЩᡣܿҲƽʵȥģ
죬ɽϡ
µ
ǣԵھģ
ʵ
š
Ӧ
ŶʵԴһҲ⣬µǿ󣬾ڵھ
£Է룬ˡ
ǣ´ټ
˵
š´ллǡĿϣ촽˶ʶڶſ³ᣬлл㡣Ļܼ࣬ȴ˺ܶණΪһͬелΪ˫屾Դײֶл
ҲʱЩʲô΢΢ҡͷ˵Ӧõġ
Ϊ¾ȹϾСʦоϤ׽ֵôʱҲԹԡ
¿죬Ŀ΢Щܿٴα
վԭأѿһŻʹԽ֯
磬ģ
СվԱߣ֣»ȥȻøһȥ
ЦҲС֡
¿죬վͣ𣺡ټ
һۣŻӿСһû
תۣʧƬռ
ſտǰдһ˿˿֮ɫ΢Щ
ﬣ
ͻȻ̶ХصϺƮһƬƬѪɫ꣬ͬƮɣȴ֯һޱɱϢΪˣһĿѪֱն졣
죡׼ݣ
ɱ
ºС뿪ĵط񣬴˿ɱٽ˶ʱһܶ

Ա߳һײ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ֱӹᴩϢ˲Ϣ˥͹ȣñȻ绹΢
ʱɫ䣺
ŲһΣߣڳɫ⣬֣̫һʱתѪɫ泯ӿȥˣЧȴ΢΢ϢڷٽͣǴմɰ㣬ʱ顣
򡭡񳯵ġѪննն˵үôСӵһɱӦð屻ᴩһǰ͸ѪϣĿģҲѪȺյģ׼¹뿪˲ɱ֣ҡү
𽲻
ҧ̫תĸ죬ѪɫԴԴϵĳӿȥչֻͼʹ򣬻סͬһʱ䣬ۣɨܣǚiɶݡ
񳯵ɱˣڰУǴԭزԻǳ
ﬣﬣﬣﬣﬣﬣﬣﬣﬣ
Х𣬾ŵɱ֣ӾŸͬķնÿһǿֲףÿһնɱܵÿһռ䡣


1040 Űɱ
ʧɫŵâ̫ˣϢǿܵÿһռ䶼ˣʹƶȻҲ𲻵̫ãȻܹ׽һ˿ǵƶ켣伫ٶȣȴ޷

ҧԲµõնŽˣǿߡ
ﬣ
ŵɱתնǰǶ׼ͷ­üġ
ֱӽû
ȻҲʱƬռһֹͣŵɱǰֹ
Աߣպѿ뿪´С˳ͬ
ͣͣͣͣͣͣͣͣͣ
ŵɱб飬ɲʧ
ͬһʱ䣬޾ңԶĵطŸͬλöпռ
Ȼе񳯵ɱ֣ʼߣң˿ռ䴫̨

´
Ƭ磬ͬˮ˷ӿļŵӰȫ䵽Ƭԭϣڵһʱ䱻ѹһָͷԶˡ
һз̫ˣʹ춯𾪣û뵽Ѿ뿪»߻ܿͷӦ˹żĵ£æΪ񳯵Ѫ˵̫ˣȻֻ̫ͼԼѹסƣҪȴǲסʱʵûпȥΪλȥû˼ȥⱻѹ񳯵ļɱ֡
壡
Сᴩһǰ͸Ѫ̲ס
̧֣һָ΢ûڡ
ʱɿϣѪתʧָҲ˲Ϣﵽ۷壬֮ǰǿһ˿ɫڷ
л¹
µл
ʱ˿£ǵл
ߵܸӦ
ͷΪλȥ
ƫͷԶѹ񳯵ļɱ֣еɱŨ㡣
ʶУӦкǿƣѹס𣿡
¡
ôڣһĨ⣬Ȼ֪ôʲôɵ¡
ԡ
Ӧ
춢񳯵ľˣѹס
µͷһȦ΢񳯵ľŸɱϣʱʹþһ
ˡ
˵
ƺ鷳һʱͻըһɼµĻûа취⣬ԽǿµƣԽ鷳񳯵ľŸɱֶǿߣΪƵˣǼпΪ񳯵ĵۻףͨۻҲǣ¶ԣȴǲʲô
ͷ䣬۵ɱŸˣһ˽ǰ
˱ѹţԶȴܿ˵ҪʲôţǾ˶ҪѹʶеƣȻʶеõĳЩΪǿɱ֣ȴ˼֮й¶
춢ˣֱһŲȥ˵ϣһ
һţû飬ǿǣȻΪǿҲԳܣֱӱðգѪˮĽ
񳯵˷һƺߣΪѹţʱ޷
ûзϻͶԣüĴֱӼһ󽣣ֱն˵ʶС

ʱ̲ҽС
ʶֱ룬ܵĴ˿Ƿǳ£ޱʹࡣ
û⣬嫵û˵ʶУѰ񳯵һء
ס
˻
ȭݺ£ֱӴ˵ĺ˽Ļ
һߣдײ֮ɫ˸ɱеһˡ
յģүҲ棡

Ȼ֮ǰΪ쵲һһվЩ񳯵ɱնģܲˬ
ǰûʶҲ̽Ѱʶйû񳯵һΡͬһʱ䣬Ʒ񽣣Ⱥ˵˫˫Ÿжʩչĳֿµݻ嶾ڡ
ʱ񳯵ɱַʹƺߣ󽥽ģڵⶾӣʼҽгѪۿɼĺۼá
Ǳߣ񳯵ɱֺ飬ʣһϣʹൽ˼㡣ʱ쿪ʼ߽ʶʹ
ֱȥһʱ䣬ɱֵʶȫ飬
ź⣬Ƶһ񳯵ɱֽǰ
ӭߵǰ˶ʱһղſǿеǸɱͬʹģֱӶ˻ɱң
п᣺򵥵ûôף
˵ţ΢潻֯һӡݺӡؿڡ
ʱ񳯵ɱֺݺһƺһֱӷ˺ѷεĲҽС
㡭ʲô
˲ҺΪѹţȴԶ޷
ĿҩеһɹΪĲӡݻⵤӡں󣬿ԻȼѪ⣬ʹޱȣǧ涾˺ҧµǣͬʱҲǳԸţҪʱſԽһ˵Ѫȼմ
Ҳ˵ʩ߲⿪û飬Ҳɱô˱Ҫδʱÿʱÿ̶Ҫͬǧ涾˺ҧʹֱ࣬һѪⱻȫȼմܴʹѡ
˵ǳ̣Ծ̫ǿȴǱҩΪҩ䡷еĽɹ
쵱Եɽ̵ʹùǵڶʹá

û񳯵ɱҽУʹޱȡ
üĹâţֱûԷʶѰ񳯵ء
Էʶƴڣҷǳ£֯ޱȾ˵ϢʶȴһҲΪǿʵѹˡ
Ѱʶй񳯵Уʱʱɭɭâ
ֱȥʮõϢ̹ǵɱն˵ʶꡣ

˲ҽУ϶Ѫһ㡣
˵ĳʹòԶС£æ㵽һСԴǰ
վԭأɰ

ҽвϣ̶ǳ
һߣս񳯵һɱ֣ߣСӣֶβɭɭЦ漴һ񳯵ɱ֡
תۣҽٴ

ǡ
ɱң
һֲֶ֣кЩɱϣѪˮ쭣ĽѪᵽ㡣
ˣֱȥʱĲҽʧ񳯵ľŸɱֱĥ桭Ҳ̶á
Сӣô죺үҵһݵλã
ҵŸ



1041 ɱ
κһԼľݵڣ򼸸ʮΪҪռ¼ĸ鱨ͬʱҲΪռԴȡΪھһȻҲԼľݵ㣬ңΪһΪɱ֯ǵľݵ࣬鲼㣬¸ѰϢ֣񳯲ڵھɱ־ݵ㣬Ҳоݵš
˵⣬УĿ䣺צĻԶ
ֵܹʮݵڣĴڵھ򣬾Ŵ漸Уһ򵽵һΪǻĹϵûбһݵ㣬򵽵һݵ㣬ڰ
Цү֮ǰ˵һȻڵھ򣬵ȻڵһҲϵĵһ֮ǰֻ֪һ㣬ԭ֪ˣԭ˵⣬һоݵ㡣
ɭЦĸ䣺ڵĸڣؽ̨ίֻ轫ɱϢ£һܿͻɱţһȡί߱󣬿ʼдɱֱĿɱΪֹһڽͬʱݵᱩ¶ЩϢǴӾŸɱʶõ
˫յĺܽɱⰻȻ
һܱ˵ίУһһεĴɱίɱļѾҲɳŶĴɱһ㺦еͺ⳹ױ
Сӣô

Ȼ
ݵ
һһǱ׺ݣɱ⣬ԱߵСɵӡ
Ҫæ𡣡
¿죬
ҡͷ
Сӣ£Ļү֪Լ֣Լ֣ܽޣүҲô룡ڣȷ¹һСæǲҪ¹ְɱˣֻǴ򿪴ͨһ򵽵ݵžУȻǾվͨ¹򿪵ţֱӻһĴݵ㣡ˣǲط漸򡣡
ŵĿǰʵٵ񳯵ľݵԲѣϾһˣǿҲѣʥΪͨ¹ȫɱǣĸݵ㣡Ѱʮݵ㣬ݵǿǺΪȻҲ
ԣ˼Ժţͨſɱȷʵǲ۷漸ʡȴ鷳
££𣿡
ºͷ
һĨɱ⣬Ѱĵһ򵽵񳯵ľݵλø֪¡
̧ͷһ㣬ǰնʱ΢΢ҡҷĵ̴򿪣ΪԲ״ֱҡ
ĴţĸһĻ档
һһɽ䣬򵥵ʯݡ
ڶһСڣһ۵İϿ̡֣
򣬷׽磬һǳͨСӡ
һߣһСۿڣҴ󴬣ûʲô
⼸طк˸䡣
յģǴǾŸɱֵʶѰ˭ܹõôͨͨĵطȻŷɥ񳯵ɱ־ݵ㣡
ĥ
һΣʥ߱ɹֱӸУʥֱ֯
֣

ǲԥʥ׼ͨһ񳯾ݵţֱ״ʮռڵʱ۳һ֧貵ʥ
Ŀ䣬ͨһźļͨʯݣһɣ˵ɱʥֱӳڣһ

һʯڡ
̨ΣίУ
ûС
Ƭ̫΢Сίߣ̫١
ȥǼתתżɰϢɿ
ԣ
ʯķ磬ռܰ˫ţԵޱɭ䡣
漴һ˲䣬˫Ӻһ
ʲôϢڿ
ʯڵļ˶ݣæܳʯݡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʯڣһӰ߳װ翴ȥܼ򵥣ͨũûʲô𣬵ĿⶼǴһգһѪζ
ʱһȺ˴æ߳һӺ󣬶̧ͷŲȥ
һ˶Ǳɫֻһ֧貵ļʸҰУԼٳ
ʲô
һ˽һо˿ֲɱоֱ¶𺧺;֮ɫ
һ˲䣬貼ʸ¡
䣡
ʥƵռ飬ʯ𣬲Сɽķѡ
һ޴Ӹɽ䣬ʲôҲûʣ¡

򡭡
ã
Ц
ڰ۷壬ȫʥɱ׻֮κˣֻһǻ˵һ񳯵ľݵڵɱ֡
ڶ򣡡

֪ƫͷͨڶ񳯾ݵţٴ
¡¡ģʮӿҲӿ룬תۻ۳һ֧ʥɱ
ಣ
ɿңʥֱͨڶš
ʮ󣬵ڶ񳯾ݵڵСǳϿգɱֱ֣£ΧǱƵǡôǡý񳯵ľݵķ飬Ĩڵ񳯵ɱ֣ʹԭسһӣͤ¥ȴûܵһ˿𣬸û޹⵽κһ˿ɱ
͸ţԿСǳһ˵𾪱飬ܿһھۣȴû⣬ƫͷסͨ񳯾ݵţһνʥ״貵ɱʸֱӳɱ񳯾ݵ㡣ٴοǽֱ״ݵڶ֧ɱ
ˣʮ󣬵񳯾ݵڵСϿգ֧ʥ٣һαװͨɱ־£ֱӽݵٵһɶԭػ޴ӣͲйǶû¡
͸ſһУĮʥ׼ͨ񳯾ݵڵţʥͬʱעʹ֧ʥ
䣡
񳯾ݵڵСۿڴɱһ֧ɱ٣ֱطըɱ֣ûһ˻
ȫ
ã
Ц
ºܰĵűպϣ죺Ҫ𡣡
ҡͷá
ӸղǾŸɱֵʶУ֪ޱƽɱͬʱľݵźǿƣɱ汸ɱ޷ЧٵҪɱȥ˵һĴɱǴӵʼ
н֯һɭɭâ˶٣£ŲãܰҴһͨھ͵㶫Ƭȥ
á
ûѯҪʲôȥ̧һ㣬һµŸֶ
͸ţԿһƬΰĴ磬ɽһһһһʮǲ׳
΢ǵھ򣬵һ򵽵򣬶Զ޷֮ȣȻֻ͸ţҲܸоƬĺΰ
üĹâ˸ֱĸʶӻٵĵһ򵽵񳯾ݵĻ棬ֱӴ´򿪵Ͷ뵽ھͬʱҲȥ񳯣ǵţӵһ򵽵ھһɱֱڳǵѨȫµ


1042 δ
񳯣ÿһڴɱᵽϵ̣ϴɱʧҷɱɱֵĿ̸꣬ضѾ˫۾ע¡콫ٵһ򵽵ĸ񳯾ݵľӻھҴ仰Ҳ֪ºܴܿھ죬ϵ壬Ҳ֪
Ŀĺܼ򵥣Դ񳯶ͬʱս
ս

ھ򡭡
ΰɽһһǸƣޱ׳
ĸʶӻ͸ţֱӴӵھ򣬺ʵھϿգЯűתۼǱϵһʿʹõھһʿĲֱۡ
⡭
񳯣Ǹ¶ص񳯣ȻҵĴݵ㣬һѷȫˣôܣ
Թ֮Ǹݵ㣬еأ֪ôֵģ
죿˭ʲôˣ
죬ǡսǿ񳯰ʮµļ֮һۻʶɱϵɱ۴
УĻƺڵھǴ²ʶӻƬ⡭ѵǰ벽ۻʻǵۻʼǿߣƺֻа벽ۻʼϵֶΰɣ
ԲǣʶӻĲ졭ƺֻǴ澳磬ӦǽֶΣʶӻ
⡭ֻ澳磬͸ǸսҼǵãһЩۻʼǿߣһƺҲЫİˡ
𺳣ļ¡
񳯣Թų棬ڵھҲźպҲ֪ж콾ǿУڵھ˳ǻŵƶǿɵһ澳ʿȻѰһٵĸݵ㣬Ҵ²ʶӻͱﵽھսԳҪӵһһ·ɱھ򣬲ɱˣʹʿͷһ
ֱǡ̫ˣ̫ˣ
񳯣Ρ涪˰ɣ
ϻҲ֪ڴɱ죬ңӦǲֹɱһˣǣÿһζûгɹԴδʧֹ˵ͺܶˣһûܳɹɱĿ꣬ȻѰһļݵ㣬ҽ֮ٵʶӻŪ˾֪͸ˣ
⡭ǡ
ǣ
˻δھ򣬱Ծӻս죬ǡ˰
˶¡
ĸʶӻϱڵھ̼һɾ޴ˡ
漴ֻʮʱѣھһδ֪ڣһڰڣʮ˫ͫ䣬飬һ̸ǼһɭȻ
ɱ
һɱԺڰĵڴɱ

´򿪵ͨھѾպϣ˵Щʲôһ˺
Сġ
˾䣬´СƬ뿪ܿʧ
תۣԭֻʣ
Сӣʶӻĺã⹷յ񳯺ݺݶһң⼸ʶӻǼĴһһܹܵĺڰίУض࣬һԣԸСĴ
Ц
˸âɱŨ
ȥ򣡡
˵
һ򵽵񳯵ľݵ㣬֪ģѾȫٵûһľݵ㣬ӵɱһ·ɱھȥ
ߣ
еɱȻҲᡣ
£һһ뿪ƬԭܿԵͨʱŻԥĿС
ܿ죬ǳڵڡ
ûаפ㣬صƬֱ뿪ʱŻѭһȶķкһȥ
ٶȲ죬ȴҲԲ;вʿǣļ¡
ǣǸˣ
ʧֳ꣬֡ˣ
⡭ȥһɱ⣬Ҫȥʲôĸ۵˻ǽǵ
Щʿɫ䣬ۺɱ⣬ǲɵõһЩ
ʵڴǰƬ̫γǿɣԶƬǼޱȼɵʱЩ˼һɱĳ֣ôܻ᲻η壬˶СĵĶš
Ϊǿ;һʿķӦۣȻܿüõȴûκһ˿ķӦѭżȶķ򣬲첻н
ˣת۱ʱȥ
һ̣ƬһƫԶɽУһΪɡСǰֻʮͨɽ䣬ҶԵЩ¾ɡ
ɣĩС˭Ҳۣ˭ܲµȴޱƽǿ򣡺٣Ҫ˵⹷յ񳯣αװĹĵǺܵλʼںڰеĶ׶
Ц
ֱǰȥ
ǰνɵƾͥǰӰţж޵һĹ⣬ǰ£ǡ
ﬣ
ĿĮϽâ˵Ļֱĳǰնȥ
۵һǰӱնͷ­ʶһ顣
£ʲô
εˣ
Ȼף
ͥ˴С
ûа仰Ͻâ֣ʮ콣ն⼸ˡ
ЩˣαװĺܺãѾǾŸɱֵʶе֪񳯵ľݵڣοܻЩ˵ʲôϻֱӶֻɱ
㡭
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦⼸˵նɱ
ӭƾʯϣĿĮÿһ£Ĵضһ
תۣݵڣʮӰ˳
˭
˴ȡ
Щװһŭɸо۵һɭȻ䣬һ޵ѪϢÿ˶ɱˡңʵҲоЩ˵ΪҲͨɼ𣬴ǿҲ١
ﬣ
ϣɱһ֣նգѴأֱĳǰնȥ
ǣװʲôװգ׹Ⱥڸˮڵĳ󣡡
Ц
𶯱ֱӳſһ˾һ쫷磬ɱȻ
ʱ䣬쫷콣âһǰʹǰʮûһܿȫѹķ飬ͬʱŸ̮
䣡
ͻȻ⼸̮İڣǿϢΪɿߣͫװݣͬ߸ʬ㣬ȥˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣһһӰ
ôǣװˣ
Ц
ϣɿĿ䣬ɨӹϡ
ɱ죬ʼ￪ʼС
ôҵ
գһ˶죬ʬ˫ͫУɱâӿ


1043 Σն
֣ɱ飬ݵˣڲװͨĩɣɿΪףݵڵɱϽűɭϢΧ̹ɱΪˡ
춢ɿߣܹĸо˵Ĳͨİ벽ʿǿܶ࣬ܵһɱ֣Ҳкü켶Ĵڡ
˵һɷǳµݣԿ׵ƽƬд
ֻǣıȴû˿仯Įᡣ
΢ΣһƷ񽣳У漴΢𣬽ʥ߱ɹȡֶ
ɱ

£ǰһеƷ϶һâ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һǳǰɿնǵĽȴǺţ;벽漶ǿֱķ飬
ֻһ˲ѣǿĽâնֱǰ
С
ӰϢ΢ٶȴǼ죬Ȱܿ
ϻǣүһʥ
Цʱ
¡¡ģϸ߿գһֱΪʥ߱ɹ貵ɱʥת۶ݵһһ߻ȥٶȿ켫
ɿ߶ʱɫպһܿһ̱Ǿӭļɱʥ˿̸ֵܶ
㡭
ۣ
ԵڶδﵽصΪʥȻö˵ֲף񳯵ɿ߻ķ飬ѪˮȾƬգĿġ
ߣ
ݵڣһͨɱֽԱɫ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƕݡ

߷ŭХûбһɱѪɿ䶯Ҫؾ
Ҳʱǚiһ磬ֱ˹ȥֳ񽣣ֻӶɫĴףһԽ˵Ѫûһȼ

ߵ귢ҽУһ󣬱ֱԴ

ʱط񳯾ݵڣɫ䡣ݵڵļǿ֮һޱƽȴֻתۼͱɱˡ
Сӣʱյǡô
Ц
ЦУһʥңֱ״ʥٴν١
ݵһһ׼һɿߡ

ǿһյ飬Ƭ̮
ݵڣ׼ĸɿļ£ȫʥɱǿֲģʹĺһ𣬼ȫ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ĸɿҲ֣ȫͨɱâ˼񳯵֮ϢʧϢԲɸС
Сӣ
ü裬ʥͬʱ졣
˫ͫ΢ƻֱԻһʱ֮ۡȥסеʥ߱ɹ
ﬣ
еһն裬գ۱Ƶ߽ǰ
۵һѪ⽦ߵαüĴһĿѪ
㡭
죬һţֱͦͦ䡣
廹ڣȴնͨˡ
⡭ô᣿֮ܿĳߣ
⴦ݵڣһɱֽԱɫ
֮Ϊ񳯵һǳǿκϢ䣬ȻǿʶҲԿΪԶԶڼ֮˷ɣطһǿ߼֮ȴһᴩüնɱˣǿĲ׽֮ǿߵκ͹켣
ôܣôܿ
ɱ𺧵Ķ죬󿴵ʱ˫ͫʱ̲סһµߵĻסʱ˫ͫϽ֯ƻĮ·һöаɱ˲伹ˡֻǿ˫ͫһۣоԼһƺһɲǼ䱩¶ˣĵ㺮
ͬһʱ䣬ɱʱͫףҲ̲סļ¡
ӭ˫ۣһɱֶһԼһ̱͸˵ĸо
Щ񳯵ɱֱϾͨˣֻɲǼѣǾ񣬶ĿԵøɭȻ
ɱ
ŵĸɿУһ˺ͬʱɱ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģޱɱ⽻֯ѹ
һɱҲ
ɱƣ
ƣ
漶ɱֺͺȡ
ʱ䣬ƬոֳƴӣÿһƶʮֺˣɽУ̼佻֯һɹɿֲɱšͬһʱ䣬ʮҲǱסˣһУ˲޷֪
һɱĿ䣬ӡڴ˵ɱƺͷӡƣѹһһ
Įһնݵĸɿߣ߹žһתֻ⵴ӭܼܵն¡
۷壬ǿƥ߽׼ĿʦһʹеĻǿն£̼ơ
㡭
ʱطһɱһ
ɱ
챳Ųϵ
䣬סĸɿһɱ֣һ콣âֱնͬһƬܼĽնЩˡ
˽⣡
ЦֱʥƬʥ꣬ȴĸɿһɱȫС
һʱ䣬Ƭֱ̮飬ܲĻԴ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һ̣һһ֣һ۷ֻ壬һֳʥĵڶδﵽĺͨɱֿԵֵһըѪˮȾƬյر
ɱ֣ͨɼʮˣʮˣ漶ʮˣֻתۼǱȫն
ʣͷ
Цطʣµĸ벽۵ĸɿߡ
𶯣תĸɿߣһ˱ȥ
ĸɿȻӭһһء
һ˵ĿüΪ
ǸȻ󣬼ֵʱãǶ
˵
΢٣ݵڽд̹ǵɭӿԵͷã
£˺֣֯ӡԼٶȴɽĵصȡһӡ͸ƿɫƮţԵüΪа
춢ǰŲʱһͣ۲ϡ·𿴵͸ƿ޾˻ʹһʱһɼĸо
ֻһ˲䣬ǿ˳ƿڵĶǳΣգΣյ˼㣡
ĸɿУһ֣С͸ƿɭĶ죺СǶ䡭
ৣ
ƿӰɲǼʧԭأһֱӳƿĸɿǰ
˱ɫһ̵Ŀٶ㡭
ﬣ
ǚi񽣣۵һƿ˵ֱնϣһΣһѽ͸ƿᵽС


1044 ۻʬ
ȥ͸ƿɿɫһʱȫѹ죺ʱ⼸˵ıնɱǿ߻Ҫѿ֣к϶Ǹ˼ɫ
䣡
ϣʥ߶ʱĸɿߣʹ˽Ƕݣò˱ܿ
ͬһʱնһץ͸ƿתۺ˳ȥԶ
ʱץƿֻо򽣴͸һ㣬̹ǵʹ
ʲô
𺳣һǿ߶Ҫǿһ˿ƿķѹţɴ˿̣ƿȴһ鼫غ㣬Ĳ˴̹ǵʹУ΢΢Щ飬Ҫ˰㡣
ڲע⵽æ˹ץŵƿ
һ̣һ䣬̲ס¡
ģǡۻʬ
ֱۡ
춯ݣۻʬ
˼壬ǵۻʼǿȥʬʬµĺܣմȾϣҲõѪùѪΪʮڱʴɾЩȻеƿ̲סһ£ݺ˿ҺȺյģȻֶܸ㵽һڳɱ
һбкâ֯
漸񳯵ľݵ㣬ϵǿƿۻʬÿ֮ó
ಣಣಣಣ
ƿյطʣµĸɿһֱӶߣû˿ɡΪ˶£ֻǱնɱڴˡ
ﬣ
̶ص춯֣貵콣նͬʱĸ֣סܵÿһգֱն˶ߵǰ·ƵֹסŲ
һҲ߲ˣ
ĵ
ֳʢװеۻʬƿӶתۼƿһһصķӡСĽ֮ʯڡŲһ磬ǚi޵ٶȣգۼǳĸɿеһǰݺһ¡
וּһ̶ǳѹա
ɿ־ŭǣȴ赲Ϊٶ̫ˡ
ۣ
Ѫˮֱӱķѡ

ŭѪ⣬顣
ϧôľôܻĻᣬֱӽֻͼһ۵һߵķ顣

ƫͷˣһֱӱǰȥ
һʱ䣬ɿ߽ɫѿ
ɱ
һҧȣ֪ʱ룬Ա㲻ӣתֱȫɱ졣
וּһгһ񽣣Ѫâ֯һ쳤ƾն֣ɣ֯ױȵĿֲϢɱˡ
񳯵Ŀɱ֮һɱʥһԷգն
ޱ飬һͬһ֣ɳɱ
ʱ䣬ɱʥǸɿɫͱ䣺㣿һ̣ʩչģҲɱʥңɱʥǿ󣬸¡
ɿǶݣɱʥ񳯵ĺɱ֮һôܻ᣿
ҲʱɱʥǸɿ߼ɱʥݺײһ
һʱ䣬쫷쭣ʮһ񳯼ɱʥɡ
ôҳ
סΣпѪ־ŭĶ졣
ޱ飬Ųһ磬ϺһƬƬѪɫԻ绨Ʈɡ
ǣȴ֯һޱɱ
ʱ䣬񳯵ɿɫ䣬̫Ϥˣһǿɱʩ棺Ѫ㡭
ﬣ
һ񽣣һĿѪԻֱĳŸղżɱʥǸ񳯵ĸɿնȥɱ쵽£ɱ˫
ۣ
һѪɿת۱ᴩüģ۵һը飬ͨҲһС
һɶ
ݵ㴦ɿ߾ŭ𺧣ѧ
ʱǵǱסˡ
һ񽣣콣âԻʩչʽͬʱѹˡ
ڵʱѹסǾŸɱ֣ʹǼ˵ʶѳණһļݵ㣬ͬʱҲѰһļǿɱΪЩɱ˶ʱѧᣬƿء
ǣ񽣣һһΣһ̣ϢͬʱʧǴ˼˰㣬ʶҲѰɿǺݺһϳϤĳ
ﬣ
Ӱ֣߳ն£ѹһˡ
㡭
ۣ
Ѫ˷ֱӱ屻ķ顣
һΣɫĴ׸֣˵һ֡

ҽߵ걻׵ȼ޷飬Ѫⱻת۷˸ɾҲ͵һ飬Ŵؼ䡣
СӣȻһǼǿɱѰ˳ңô̵ʱȻʹõ¯ĳ̶ȣǡ
̲סԾ
ﬣ
̶Хٴλصʮ
ȾѪ񽣣⴦ݵһɿߣһһӰһ̳ǰɱʥٴμɱѹ¡
ģ㾹
ۣ
һɿ߱նķ飬Ҳһһ֮¡
һʱ䣬طΨеմȾһƬƬѪˮ
ˬ£һսȫն⴦ݵڵɱ֣ڿǷǳʹ졣ʥظ죬˶ٵСӣղǼϻƺǴɽײȡĵۻʬӦû÷ϡ䣬򿪿һ
ͷȻһ㡣
ʥ֮ǰʢеۻʬƿƮĵطǿһɨܿͷһܼ۷ӡŵʯңλڵص°
ƿ·㣬ǿΪƿʯĵ۷ӡƿʯţһС
һʱ䣬˲ϢӦ˼ΪŨֻǰӨ͸İŴ龧龧ҫۡ
⡭ۺҲǧ龧
ۡ
Ҳ΢ֻǵ񳯵һݵѣȻǧ龧ȵǼ龧Ҫ߼
Ҳ˲ϢõЩ龧ͨһδεĺڰɱá
ƶĿ⣬ʯ򣬿ܼıǵΣңһЩǳϡıϣ漫ѰĶֵߡ
⴦ݵЩһʱûбۻصϵˣһڴջ񣡡

ǧ龧ʮϡֵϵĵܺˡ


1045 
н֯һ˿˿â⴦񳯾ݵڵĶȷʵһھ޴ջ񣬵ֻǧ龧ϵһѵõıء
Сӣ㴦ۣүҲ쵽۷ˣǧ龧Ϊټ֮ǰۻ龧һǵǶһС̨ףû˿⣡
˫۷Ź⡣
ԡ
ͷ
£һһȡһ龧ǧ龧һֱӾطϥ£ʼ龧С
һʱ䣬龧飬ԴԴϵĳһһڳȥ
ˣ
ת̫ľڵȶΪ
ѽ
ԴԱߣСһѹһһɡ
еЦ£С
̫ľתĺܿ죬һ龧ΪͬʱҲһ߸
ˣת۾ʱȥ
һ̣ڣһɰܺƵܿǱƽϢȥ
ͣ΢˸˵ľǱøǿ󣬴ʱﵽھ죬ڵͬƺӰʣսǿ˲١
ã
΢΢ȭͷ
ʵϣڹȥеĴھֻа벽֮ңˣǧ龧ΪһƶȻǺܿһСi۷ﵽھ졣
ʱط龧в٣ĬĬԼ֮Ϊ
ѽ
ԴСһ﷢
һߣǻڽ龧УԽԽǿ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
䣡
ʱâڣһ˲ǿʢ˲١
ˬ
̲סһһ̴ﵽ죬Ϣˡ
Ҳʱط龧Լҡ
ѽ
ڣСһִɾﻹʣµ龧
Ҳ˷ܣɵСһöòܳⶼɶˣȻû
ˣӦҪ˶ˡ

ܸӦԴ񵰵ı仯ϵһĳ̶ȣѾ˽Ҫѿס
âСһǺܲһ㰡ƿǶ治֪ƣ
һǿ

СһȻûȴѾԼʶܹĻʱַѽһںӦ˵Ļ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬СһȴҲûط龧ܿǽʣ龧˸ɾһѽ˳˯С
쵭һЦתʯ䣬ȫ
ߡ

һһڿնܼ콣â׽⴦ݵն٣漴뿪Զȥ
ȥģ
ʵ
򣬽񳯵ľݵһٵ

üЩεĵСӣǸط۷ǿĿǰʵκβﵽ죬ﵽ죬ս˲٣ǣ۷ǲ࣬һʥ֣Ҳκβεˡ
ƽеۻʬ𡣡
գƽʹʱһۡ
ݣ
̲סǼ񳯵ɱʶеõϢǴ񳯵ľݵڣ۷ɱˣͨɱ֣в漶ɱ֣ݺܿ£ȻˣһƿӵۻʬȥҲԽٵһɶ˶ѣתۼͻᱻȫ
ǵٶУûлѶʱͨʱŻûаԥֱӿʱŻڡ
һʱ䣬ڰûС
󣬲ûйȥ̫ãһһӺڰ³ڵ
ߡ

񳯵ľݵʲôطѾǺʱûаԥֱ뿪⴦ʱŻƬλö
ʱǽٶȷŵĺܿ죬ԼʱƬһΪƫԶĵطƬڵһ˼ĻɽϿաϿȥɽɫֲ궼ǳƵĴʯԡ
һһ·нâ
Сӣ֣
Ц
ͷһΣʥ߱ɹУֱӶſһĻɽʥһ֧߳ʥת۱˳ֱ·
Ϊ߶һɱǿ󣬸¡
ʱ䣬һʮ̮һֱɽڡ󣬵һһξȴǺһεϣ߽֣𶯳ƣԳһ硣
͸ڣʱԿһСİڵ
ԵƺƷھݵ㣬һǿ߶֪ĵ
Ц
ɫĮʥٴңдĴ֮۳һ֧ʥɱ
ǿĵƺطܣϿȥľһ򵥵ĻɽһʿԿ͸ʵΪҰŵֻһɽޣȻҲͲ֮ǰǾŸɱֵʶѾ֪طأôܻᱻɱס
ݣ
ɿңڶ֧ʥɱ¡
ʱ䣬ǰ֧ʥɱһ𣬿һǷĵơ
µİڵԻ˳ۿɼ
ͬһʱ䣬ӰϢĳںڰϣɢ۷弶Ĳǿƥ漴Ӱ˳žɫȴɱ⣬ʹĿ̼䣬¶˲Ϣʮȡ
ǣôҵ
ڰϣӰеһ˿ڣǸӵ
쵭ĮһЦڸߴ·¡
ڵ˱鲻䣬ΨĿ䡣

ٴοڣֱ֣̽գ·նϣץ졣
ȻһЦкֱԶˣ漴һΣȡԵ񳯾ݵ㴦õʢеۻʬ͸ƿ͸ƿ޷ֱӿ⽫ֱ֮·
֮ԽɫǚiٵĳԶȥ
ڵϣɱֶ춪µĶ⣬ֻɱ⣬ĳĴƲĳǰȥʮա
ֻգ۶ѣ˵Ĵӭ춪µıưŵƿ
͵һĴ죬飬͸ƿҲۻʬƮ

ֵɱֱӲҽֱۻʬմȾϣ̼俪ʼáңʬӣ˳ĴֱӽڣʹѪһӺڰԵڵϷҵĽ˺ѷΡ
ڰϣ۷ɱֽǶݣô£
ңһɱҲɫ
ϣкˣ
漶ɱͻȻе
ϣƿһֵۻʬմȾ˶ֵǸɱֱֵۣĵۻʬƮڿУʱڰס
һɱ֣ȺȺɫմȾϣȻĻҲ𲻵á

ʱҽһƬ


1046 չ
ۻʬ̫ڿ£Ϊ״͸ƿת£ڰ丽ڵĿռȫסطɱ֡

ҽд̶˺ѷΡ
Ѿ뿪Զվڲ򰵺ڵֻűɫĵۻʬŵĵطڿʼ࣬һɱȺ󵹵أʹ

̶ĲҺϣ˷
ۻʬ㾹Ȼ
۷ɱϳȺԶ죬־ŭֿ֡
վԶգϴЦôݴ񣬲ɣ
㡭
ڵɱŭܿմȾϵʬȻȴûãֻգۼѣܱ鲼ɿĸãֹס

⣬һĲҽȱۻʬմȾϵǸɱۿ־壬ʱ峹ױۻʬûڻͬҲһС
һ۷ɱֶˣͨɱȻңԵֵסȿʬֶҲȻһ̻ŨѪ
ֻգ۶ѣݵ㣬ɱ˴룬У漶ɱ־ʮˣ벽Ҳʮǿڣһ״ң屻ʬŨѪҲʬһʴ

ҽϣɫĵۻʶУһɱֽʴԼãɫŨѪνˣޱȲҡ
һ۷ɱԶ죬Ѿʴ˴룬ǿ־Թ㾹Ȼõۻʬֶ㡭úݶĳ
⻰мЦ
ֶڰҧ˵ĳմѪۣҲ˵ҺݶԸˣúεȲ̵ֶΣʴȡ

䣬һ콣ֶһٶȱֱնǰֱ򿪿ڵɱֵüġ
㡭
ۣ
˵ͷ­ֱӱһᴩ󣬵ۻʬ룬ӿϡ

һҽУ˵ת۱ʴҲ̼仯ŨѪ
ߣվԶ֣һҲֻĮźڰ

ҽвͬԹ˻
ƬڣۻʬסԲڵĿռ䣬һɱַѪһ㱻ʴͷӶû£һ㱻̲
֮󣬽ֻʮѣڰĲҽбʧˣһɱȫʧֻһ̯̯ŨѪڵϣɢһɹɶ֮ͷƤ顣
ǵۻʬȻԵ

֪ۻʬǳ£˿ۼһĻ̲סľ
۷ǿߣ߸ͨǿߣʮ벽ʿһ漶ɱֺʹɱֻ֣ʮѣǱһɶ
ЦڲźڰǸطʱһҲоˣ״ĵۻʬҲڽʧϾʬʼմڡ
ߡ
к뿪
һ㶣ߣǺڰﻹûкöڵľݵ㣬ղôҲӦñȵǴݵ˵ҲͬǴݵ㣬ЩĻۣʱûбͻؾϵ̡
ֵۻʬ룬кöҲȾˣȻϡ

ԣʱȻ⡭Ҳǡ
̧֣콣â֯նԶڰʹúڰ̮ķѡ
һʱ䣬ɳ
ߡ
ֵ˾䣬뿪ܿ߳طԶ
Сӣʲôȥڰ񳯵ľݵɣҲŻ۷ǿأһݵڸųɱ־þӣԼʵκβݵġ

֪Ѱεĵطչء
չأ
һ㶡
ͷн֯΢⣬ǰҽһ򵽵񳯵ľݵٵʶӻھ򣬱ضѾ֪ǾԻᶯŭ󣬾ԻǲܿµɱԸǡһ㣬ǲĿֲɱ֣ӦòҪˣһǱѰԻѡ
ʱǲʧһʱ䣬ˣһԱܿǰ׷ɱǵĸֲɱ֣԰Ϊ͵ϾΪͻƵĺܿ죬ֵɢǾͲˡŵ˵ף񳯣ֻ˳ΪǵҪΪøǿ󡣡
⻰ʱǰ΢΢һ
Сӣ˼ͦܣ˵ô죬Ѱεرչأ
ʱķȷʵ÷ǳе
ͷٶȸ죬Զ
úΪѰһ֮λڵصʮΪһȽϼ򵥵ľơ
⴦ڣһʮͣϥ¡
ٳȥΪսضʱ򣬽ź⹷񳯣Ҫһʼղʹ죡
Ц
Ȼ
Ц
н֯΢⣬漴˫ۣĽââ֯ԼΪĴ

תۣһչȥ
򡭡
ӰƬľݵ㴦䣬Ϣ
ˣǾϵڵǿɱ֣ǲżΪµɱϢÿ˶·նɱ顣ǰٵһڵһ򵽵ݵ㣬ҽʶӻھʹõھڣʿ񳯵һһҶǸ棬·һĶݺݳϣŭ
ԾϿ£ҪٶȣĨ
˿̣˶ưܵ񳯾ݵ㣬ĿһʱɭȻ
һ̣Ϣʧ㡣
֮󣬲ûйȥã˳ڵ񳯾ݵ㴦Żɽڱնĺڰŵϵһ̯̯ŨѪһʱ䣬ɱ¡̵һ򵽵񳯾ݵ㱻ٺûйȥã͵ݵҲٵˣ˲Ҳ֪һУΪ
ҳɱ
һ˵
ĸִ˻ƣͳ̼һƬƬռ䡣
񳯴Ҳ֪˶꣬羳ǿ߶ɹɱ˾ηһ澳ʿȴǾΪ
֪ͨڰڣһ׷Ѱ
һ˵
漴ವƿ˳Ųͬȥ׷Ѱټ
ˣת¹ȥ
û
ʱ䣬Ĵ׷Ѱ죬ڰ񳯾ݵҲɱѰңȴһ񣬸Ҳټһ˿˿ûС
ң
쳹ʮ
תۣ¹ȥǲɱ׷Ѱ
ϧ޹
ʱ䣬ȻһȶĹȥ
ˣһμ
ʱ䣬񳯺ķѴ׷Ѱ죬ڼҲ֪ɳ˶ǿˣȴҲ׷Ѱ죬죬·ؼ˰㡣󣬽ģһðѰ׷ɱǱõࡣ
֮תۼ䣬¹ȥ
һ죬͵һһƬδ֪ڣϹƻۣѪɫž죬޾սս
@#СϱӾԶӯ˼㣡үģү׼أɽٰ
һߵԵص״


1047 ɽ׼ս
쳹ʣޱߵɫԻϣҲ֪˶ôķΧڱ˸죬ʹΪ֮һ£Ϣֲĺˡ
ˣ
һ綼£ͬһǳը˰㡣
أ@#%Сӿͣ°
һƬɽִڵˣŨˣо㤵Եص״
طصʮĵطۼ׶ļ¡
Աߣϥţüͷĺƺڷѹʲô
ģͷϸܼĺ飬ֱֹȥʮ󣬲΢ɣ³һ˫ۡ
ͬʱϵĹ˲ϢʧָƽռǵģѪɫͻϢҲɢһɶ
ģүˣ
ص£˿
ղţ۳סɢĻϢ̫ˣǿҪѹ˰㣬ʹʱֻоȥŹһȦƵġ
бǵϢҶû£¸ʲôʱ䣬طΪһ̱ٵ硣ͬһʱ䣬ͬգͨɣʱǰ㣬Ӧл۶ǵȻϢʹֹסڿĽŲ
ޣǳģºͲ£Ҫ㣬ҲֻԼйأүҪΪѣǾǱۣΪүԭͲһģ˵һԱ𣿡
죺
ˣ
Ҳʱ⽻֯ͻأһɼǿϢɢ
ܣΪ֮𶯣ӡķƵȻţͱˡ
ˣʮǱƽϢ
죡
˷ܵĽ
ʱ䣬ﵽ죬Ϣսǿࡣ
ƫͷбһۡ
ˣϽļȻ˿һ㣬ҿʼɽٵ׼
˵
ڣɽٵ׼ôɽˣ
ˡڲɵȡѪʯҶ˵һ飬֮һὫҵǿѪʯһսףȻܳɾ챦Ǽͳ̶Ӧ㹻ǿ󣬿֧ŵҶɹⳡ١
ѪʯųǴ˵е޷˵ѪҺ۶ɣӵױȵļֵǶԪ챦ɲģǶͨۻҲ䣬ңⶫЧÿһЧܾˣ˵Ǽֵǡ
ʱ䣬ͬʱѾ뵽ʱܻٴ٣һֱ˼ŵʱӦζɽ٣뵽ɽٵķ
ǰһѪʯҲΪµĹϵһ飺ⶫǶսףԷǳףȷʵпܰɹɹⳡ١˵ţ˶٣ֵʹɲģ᲻Щ̫ϧˣϾǿǶԪ챦ɲģһ챦ĳΣֵ
ûʲôÿϧģȶԺҿ뵽˻۾Ѱ

˷ۣȴҲû˵ʲôϾԼ⣬룬ڻһ񽣴ţǶƺ챦Ҫܶࡣ죬ǻѪʯսףŪ
ͷ
һΣʯȡһѪʯѪʯ֯ŵ΢⣬ͬѪһ㡣
ǻѪʯ
Сӣ˵ѪʯǼ͵ĺܣڵʵˮ׼Ҫô֮սףòơЩ鷳

ŻѪʯһѪʯƮ漴һɫĴӿֱӽѪʯ
ȷʵ鷳ԣҪʱۻԵúƽҵԤԴΪʮңӦÿԽѪʯڻʱ֮սס
ѪʯǳͣҪ򵥵ڻѪʯȻǲһֱάԴ׷ջѪʯ֮ڻҲֻʱ⣬ϾȻ΢ˮһֱ䣬ʱҲܴ͸һʯ
ʮңۣҲ̫ˡ
¶ĥ
ƽ
ɫĴӿȼգѪʯ
۾񣬴ȼգʹĿ΢΢Ť
ˣתۼ䣬ʮչȥ
׷ʮգһ죬ѪʯڿʼڻһɹɼΪ˵Ĵ֯˸ΪŨĵâһڻ˰㡣
ѪʯȻ֯ôŨĵ⡭Ƕ챦ɲģ
ۡ


1048 ƿʺ϶ɽ
оâ˸ŻѪʯʼڻǿʢĴ֯ʵ̫ŨˡƽϾѪʯǶ챦ɲģͨۻʶԶ䣬ܽ֯ǿʢĴǺ
оâŨĵĴ߶ףʹѪʯڻ
һʱ䣬ɫ͵죬ҪƬռ䶼һ㣬ȱˡ
תۣչȥ
һ죬ѪʯڻһճҺ̬֯ĵâŨ
лһĨ⣬һ𣬽ɫĴ׶ʱøӳҡͬʱҲۣһ̿ʼսס
һϵĶսףȴţϾΪѾƽҪȥһɡ£һֶͨͨѾᣬ˿̶Ȼ̸ףȴҲԲ̫ѡ
ңѵƣǱǣƿۺʹסƿۣʹڶĲ׽Ϳÿһϸڣʹöս׵ѶȴȽͣԴΪʹս׵Ʒʸߣ
ˣ
߶׽ڻĻѪʯʹֵķΧУƹǸӾӨĶǰʶ˳ʼڻĻѪʯΣ۳ս׵ĳΡ
СӣѣһƱԴѪʹ򣬿ʹúսϡ
˵
ͷһ㣬Ȼ֪
ɫĴװסڻĻѪʯΣһһԴһƾѪһƴȺûУʹýɫ͵졣
ģȫУһڻĻѪʯԼıԴѪʹɿ콻ڣһӴΪΣʹ֮ս״ݻ
ˣܿ죬չȥ
ˣ
һ죬ɫĴױøӳңУһŹӿ費ۡ
ȥɫУһѪɫսºʣףۼףؼף׺ȼ׵һӦȫƽ˸䣬ȴֽ֯еѪâ͵âȻȥʵȴ·͵Ķ·ԳһеĻ
ˣ
лһĨտտâ
ʮʱ䣬ȫΪڶս¡
Ա߿ţ˫вҲй֯ȥƺͦ
ͷЧ
£һΣʥ߱ɹȡֱӽ״
һʱ䣬˵ĺӿ빭ڣдĴգۼ۳һ֧貵ɱʥڣһᴩ¶ͳս¡
䣡
ɱʥֱ߳ӽƬص׿ռƬս֮ϡ
ʱ䣬Ǿ޴ĺ촫ܵĿռ俦ķ飬̮
һһ֧Ļסµɰʯǰս¡
ʥɱʸѣ̳ɢս¸ֶѪâ֯âƣ˿ڣһۼû¡
ã
Уâһš
ʵȫʥעдУ֮ǿ䱬һʿսϣȴһۼûУ˵սµǿ󣬷ˡ
дŲ죺ս£оȥ΢ʥ߱ʥսףȴֱǿ£治ǻѪʯĶ
ǿ㹻ˡ

ѪɫսӡԼʶӡǣ漴һ֮뵽ʶУͬʱҲеʥ
߰ɣóȥˡ
ƫͷ
¡
Ƭص׿ռΪղŵһѾ̮˴룬Ѻۣһһֱ뿪ûñ³ڵرϡʱʱֵҹһſǳ׺ҹУԲ¸߹䣬Ϊ´Ƭ¹⡣
ȥʱ䣬үţ񳯶׷ɱӦѾ˲١
˵
ʧôã벻С鵭Įһ΢⽻֯ܿ죬Ǿͻٴμ
ţʲô˼

ûʲôҶɽٵʱ֪ˡһЦߣȥڰ򡣡
Ӳ⣺ȥڰ򣿡ʱԻѪʯ˶ɽٵս£ȴǲ̶ɽ٣ҪֱȥڰǺ档
ȥڰɽ١

䣬ٶԣǿնУƬͨڰʱŻȥ
ɵĿһۣҲûٶʣĴȥ
֮ûйȥ೤ʱ䣬һһͨڰʱŻǰ
ȥʱŻʱŻһʯ̨֯ŨϢУɸߵɫԹűʹһ㡣
ߡ

һһûͣԥֱʯ̨ϵɫڣתۼʧ
һʱ䣬ڰС
ԴˣһһǷǳƽѾԽ̫ʱŻϰߡ
ˣҲ֪˶ãǰֵܵĺڰͬˮȥ
漴һһͬʱ
ʱվһʯ̨ԵǷŸֲţǴдҲǼŨ
ڰ򣬵ˡ

վԭأƬ磬ֻ͸һǣܿƬĹ嫡֮ûطֱͣڿգȥ
ȻҲᶺƵĸϡ
СӣҪȥɽ٣үϤƼɽٵأ
˵
ãѾҺˡ

ɶ
ʱһ㶡
ǵһοϵڰ򣬶ңǸողſôѾҺ˶ɽٵأ
Ȼǿɻ󲻽⣬һЦ֪ˡ
նУѭһȶķ򣬴źķ߸ʱʱ䣬Ƭڷ׽һ޴ϿǰڰɫŨ֯Ȼ紵Ҳɢ
ʱݣ￴ȥ⣬Ϊڷ׽ĹϵʿˣȴǶ֪ϿƬһݵ㣬治žŸ۷ǿأһɱ־þڴˣڰݵµһ
СӣǵǰʵŪʱܵ
ü
ƽǰĴϿȣ΢΢˫ۣƿʺ϶ɽ١
һ㶣漴˫ۡ
ݣ
˾䣬˵ֱԶߡ
֮ǰ񳯺ܿٴμв⣬˵˾䡰Ҷɽٵʱ֪ˡʱ⻰Щ⣬ʱ˲ͨˡ죬Ȼֱܵ񳯵⴦ݵɽ٣ֱҪ
첻ɵһЦһΣʥ߱ɹУֱӽ״ʹԴԴϵӿ룬ʮҲһ֯ת۳һ֧貵ɱʥʥ漴һɣɱƿգֱӳϿڡ
䣡
ǿһϿȺ󵱳ըӴֱɢϿ겻ɢİɫŨֳһ޴ĵ漴ʥ磬磬գۼ俿޴ǰһƬ󷨷ĺֱӹ뵽֮ڡ
һֱӱһǣһƬƬʮɳ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮صһӰԵڳԵԻĿɭ䣬볯Źϡ
쵭ЦֳʥһϿȥ˵ǲʶҡ


1049 ʮ
ӭݵڵһɱ֣첽ƽǰ磬һƽǰȺ󵷻ݵ㣬ʶӻսҲ֪¶Ѿ֪ڣԼӦѾ񳯵ĺ׺ţһÿһɱֶն졣
ϿڵȥУʥ֮ϣһƵ΢⽻֯š
ǰһӰĿ䡣
죡
˺Ȼϳ졣
ǰ񳯷ƺ񳯵ǿɱֳ׷ɱ죬ڰݵҲ뵽УϧȴһֱûܹѰ׷ɱѾǽ˲٣룬ð˳ֱӱƵ⴦ݵʹһɱɱ⼫Ũ
ɱ
һ˿ڣɭ䡣
̼䣬һƿյ𣬵ǰֵһȫɱ졣
Щˣȫɱ֣Ϊɱֻ֣һ㣬ǾնɱĿ꣬ôɱǶһɱǵĿǷ֮ڡ
һʱ䣬ɱԻʮǱ̹ǣֱָĸҪ
鲻䣬һʥֱһ
ﬣ
Ӷʥʮ콣Իֱնǰ
ʱ͵𣬳ѹĴƬɱȫķ顣
ңͬʱնʮûɢƲļǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦ת۱ɱֱ飬
ȻɱȴǱ˿䣬ᣬɱ¾㡣
ת۶ѣ˱ƵĽǰΪһ۷ǿߣѪͷ­ƺԽ¼ﶼᴩ
ƽ̧֣һ¡
һǰĿռֱӱıѣ嵽ǰɱֱһĵķ飬ͬҲһС
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһƬռϵ𣬸ɱֿ˹űĳܿ죬Ŀᣬȥͬ˿Ҳ⡣
쳯ǰʥһƬ⡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۣǰһѪ俪ʮɱһȥ
ޱϾ磬ֻҪһܿȥҴ˿ʥ߳Ľâնɱ벽ʿжһ㣬ͨɱܵס
һĿ飬ᣬͬһ֮˵ֻĮӣɭĳҳҿʲôηʵϣСûκ𡣡
˵
⻰ǰһɱָɫһ죬ǣ
һ̣һɱȺͺȣеɱøӿ£նɱ졣
鲻䣬ϴЦЦȴǳ
ǲǾãͷǣųһɱ֣ʥƽ̧𣺡ʵϣȷʵ䣬նʥǴƬâ
һʱ䣬ʥ֯â֮һо٣ɱֱ鿪
ܣһɱֵɫˣǱЩѿ
Ϊɱ֣ǲһ㵱׼ԴΪȴ̤Ϊ׼򣬽Ƿ̵һǴ

˵ͺ
ɱ
ЩɱϢø񱩣˼֮졣
쵭Цڴˣ˿Ҳ⣬ֻǰȥ漴֮ϣ콣âƶͬһ˳ܵ
ʱ۵вɱķʩչ֮ɱûѶѣը鿪
ߣ
һǰĵǿ߳Ĳ֯ϡ
Ǹһɱ֣߳Ŀֱϣɱ̹ǡ
ôãڸҳˡеѪɫͬһͷѪδǱ˽ϵգȻ֪ôѰҳһݵ㣬Ҫǵ˵ȴģֻһ֣
쿴ˣɵЦ񳯵ɱ֣ĬԵôĻôࣿ
߳ɱֶʱɫһĿøӵɭ䡣
漴һ̣ˣеѪѪɱâ֯ն졣
וּһһٶȼ죬նĽǶȷǳ죬һ˸Աܿ
ֻǣ첻һˣµһ鲻䣬̧ӭϣָֻǽµһָ
ʱܵһɱֽǱɫһһǿ֣߳ǰµһȴָ͵
㡭
ֵɱǱɫֱ¶ݡ
˫ָŶԷѪֻͼֱӳ𣬺ƺƵѹ¡
ʱ꣬ʱ磬սҲ֪ǿ˶ٱֻһڵʿ˿Ҳ⡣
䣡
ֻͼΪǿϢֱӽʮռȫ
ǿȻǸоֻͼĿ£ʱ䶯ݣֱеܣѪɫ񽣣ѿ죬Լٳźȥ
ٶȱ죬Ųһαǳץĺףһѽ֮ѹϣ͵رӴ󣬷һ죬Ƭر
漴ͬһʱ䣬ֻͼ˺һû

ҽʧ
ֻͼɢȥվ²ȾƮȻɣ񳯵ɱ֣ǳţ𡣸ղţֻͼȻǽ񳯵һ֣ȴȻ˵ϾԼıԴ
Ͽ⣬һĻɵĵСӣûܹѸٵĻɱʿˣһı̬
ʱطԶΪ֪ԺҪط٣ɲ뵽ʱǣ
Ͽڣ⴦ݵڵһͨɱʱɫ𺳡
һڵǿߣȻһ˲ͱɱˣ
ƽ˼ɱ񳯵Ǹɱֺףֻһ˲ˣʵϣһѾǶȫһˣô򵥾ͱɱͲܡ
䣡
ͻȻǰĵڣһɹǿϢطĵر¡
һ̣ǰʮɱֳ֣Ÿ۷ǿ߳һϢԻǰϢ
ܣһͨɱּԵڿʮӰǼǰǸߣжһƾâ֯Ż߹һ漴ƫͷ죬ٴαͬڿһʬ㡣
ɨӹǰʮɱ֣ɨŸ۷ɱ֣ĿǰĻϣ۷壬Ҫˡ
˵⻰ôʮǿߣǳƽǴһЦ


1050 һɽ
ϿƮһ˿˿磬ӭʮǿߣ΢΢ţЦ⡣
˱飬ʹ⴦ݵڵһɱɫӱ䡣죬һ˴ڰǿһݵʮǿߣһ۷ĴڣȻ飬ͷ·ǿǡ
հɣ
ʮǿǰ߳ǰһϿȶ¡
һ۷ɱ֣ϵϢıɭˡ
㣬ܺã
˿ڣ
ǰؾݵ㣬ʶӻھϣĵھ˾֪ʹŽǴ񳯽ӵίࡣ񳯶ԣȻǸСĴϾ׳Դͨίɱãίˣ׳񳯵ԴҲˣ񳯵ķչǿʢܵ˲Сơ
˿̶죬۷ɱֱ䣬Űĺһȥÿһ¶ʹõݺһǴҪ١
ˣȻоһ˿ѹıȴ˿Ҳ䡣
ȷʵܺãһ۾ܿҪ˵ƽ˵ǣܿͻǳá


漴˵һⷽϿڣķԻʮռ䡣
ЩӣԺܲǳǿʢǿҪ֮飬ܼѡ
񳯵׷ɱ£ܹôãܵĹȷʵϷͿ㻹ӣ
飬ɱ¾Ϣһ죬նƺҪס
ɱ¾Ϣ⺧ˣ
Ȼıɲ䣬ȻŵЦ⡣
ӣ˵̫ˡ
Ż䣬ѹԼΪ磬һڵŶʱ俦һѿһɰ̱ӿϣͬĺ
ˣ
֮ͬһʥģطƬ˲һƬ
ȥŨڱ˸죬һ޴תۼڲ֮ϣԲǧڵĿռȫˣһɫӿ֯ͬһεŵŴغƵһɾ
䣡
쳹ء
һ̣ڰΪ֮һ£ƬϿȸ̼žƺ˶ʧȥɣֻƥڲϻص
Ͽ⣬ʱһ£ŲϺݺ˿Һģ޵Сӣ٣үеĻҪ£УԶ㣡
˵ţֳŸԶˣգۼƳȥǧԶ
ˣ
ϣ׹
Ͽڣ۷ĻֹסŲϵıֱӱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ط񳯵ɱȫɫ䣬Ȼ
һ̣޴кʲ񷣬ʹЩɱֻоƺ˫۾жסǣ˶оɲǼˡ
ǣ졭٣
ط񳯵һɱûһ˻ܵǼ亹
٣߶죬֮ǰıɫʧˣȡ֮𾪺Ͳţô٣
٣ԹֻʿͨɾʱǣΪ췣֮ʱȻҲ٣Ҳ벻ͨ£ʷϿǴδйΪҪǣʱٵϢ̫ڿˣǿоһ־壬·ǿսҪѹ˰㡣
䣡
ϣѪɫͬһͷͷѪ㽻֯Ϣʮ졣
վԭأ΢΢ţһԻѪʯս´ʶƮ̼串ϣͷ­˫ۣţ˫ȵȫС
һ˶ɽʵ̫ģһɽ٣ⳡ췣ʢ硣
Ц
䣬̼⴦ݵΪĵķԲǧڵĿռȫУʹ̼仯һƬٵĺ

ҽһʱ־壬ͷƤ顣
ǴףΪ˻ڣһ̣ܼ׹£ֻɲǼʮ񳯵ɱֱķ飬ֱ
ˣ
һƬѪɫ׹£գۼǽⷽϿȳû
󣬽ֻһ˲Ϣѣ⴦ݵڱʲôҲڣرѣ飬ֱ̮µѪ׸ݻ١
һ̣ƬڷԲǧڣĿһƬۣԵâƵƬء

ҽһһȽ׹䣬⴦ݵڣɱ˲㱻ֻԵУɲǼ仯˷ɻңԶ
٣޵ʷǿֻ٣ΪΪ˻٣ѣ֮£һʿοֵܵסȻֻⳡͨ׹⣬Ҳ׻벽ǿߡ
ˣ˳Ƭ򣡡
Ÿ۷ǿУ˴
漴ʱ䣬һɱֶԼٶȳŹȥҪ뿪Ƭռ䡣
Ȼܿ죬Щ˾·ˣⳡѹ£ΪģԲǧڵĿռȫһɿµˣǸ벻ˣӲȥ
֮
񳯲ɱҵӸʲô
ģɹŵЦ
ⳡǶܵĻ֮طֲʮֲٱʱȴǲη壬ɻѪʯɵս½Уǿľˣһͨϣױ㱻սµ
䣡
ڣѪɫڱ죬ԵڷԲǧڵÿһռ䡣
ڣɱһӴһ߲ҽС


ôΪʲôС
Ͽڣҽ˺ѷΣ˷Ѫɫ磬طһ񳯵ɱַǣ֮£˱ٵУһڵһʱס

۷ǿ߷ŭ𣬱һУࡣ
ͬʱ۷ǿҲŭ˶ǹ˲ʡ

ҽѪɫ׹䣬һѪը
ֻʮѣ񳯵⴦ݵڣɱֱ˴롣
ʱΨ۷ĻܹǿֵûˣɫȴǷѿ
С
˶죬ҧҧĺ졣
ҲʱϷһˮͰҪִĽ䣬ֱ֮ʮռһʱˣܲѹ
ⳡ٣һ췣ڴ˿̽٣
ԶɵһȻźԶҲоֽ׵Ŀ£ͨǿ߱УҲԻڵһʱܵס
վϿڣȻܸо׵Ŀ£ȴ˿Ҳ⡣
ʱŻѪʯս£ڲϵһֽµͬһʱ̶ǰ۷Ļߣһ̼Էǰ


1051 Яնɱ
ǰֱӱǱɫ˲ˣˡΪ쿿µĵһ췣Ҳһطˡ
΢ǚiӰΣ㲻Ҫɱ˸ʲô
һʱ˦죬־ŭ㡭
䣡
һ׷£ˮͰ֣ͻ߸С
ɲǼѣطĵֱըˣ̳׹⽻֯ʯ·ɽ
һߺɶȾѪȻ߾۷壬һҲСֱˣ¶˳ҲѣвӿѪ
Ȼûбȫ

ŻѪʯս£̳׹߳ͨתѪâ͵âǿƥȫһֵĽ׵ûܵ˿ˡ
ŻߣϹЦڵ泯Էȥ
ˣ
̶ܣѪɫøӿ񱩡
Ǳɫæ޸ٴԶˣҼǿͨ죬쿿ǰΪʱⳡҪĿ죬ߵǻģһ쿿͵ǽĺͻԴȪߡȻڵ׹⣬̫ڿˣ
쵭Цڻ߻ͨܣֻǲµĽ֯ͨٵ磬ǽͨѹķ顣ңͬһʱ䣬ŻϵĹУһɱֶ˴ѣΪ߹·ĸµĽٵֱӱñ֮ǰֲʮϰٱš
ôܻ£ôܣ
⴦ݵڣһɱֽ־ֿ֡
ֻʿ粽ͨɲŻѣһʿͻʱٴνˣֻĿɲϢǿ߶Ϊ֮
ˣ
Ҳʱٴһ޴ڶ췣ϣȻ¡
ͷۣ¶ߣ΢
ӭ񣬻߶ʱͷƤˣ㡭
ৣ
ƿ֮ǚiһһӰһγڻǰ

˵
漴һµĵڶ׷ֱӽطûȵһ췣ӿֲԲʮڵĵرȫˣռһɹɵ
̳ͳâҰɢȥЩʱԭֻ컹վţߵӰʧӰ٣ΨһƬƬѪƮڿУŵѪΡ

ŭѪдһƬƬѪһѪοٳмλþ£תۼ۳ߵɫһƬ԰ףϢ֮ǰ˥˴롣
΢ۣ
ŻѪʯս£ʱµ׷ٹȫ޷вֻһֳڻǰѪɫʮ
߸ոؾ۳Ǳֱɫʱϵĸһ
㡭
ˣ
Ѫɫٵһ𣬵췣֣Ϊһ嫵ͬʵİ㣬֯ŵĻϢŨ˼㣬׹䡣
߼ݺһֻоϵնסˣʱ֮̿ɫŭ𣬷ԶˣҪ뿪ߡΪǳֻҪ뿪Աߣܱܿ췣
ʲôһɽٶá
쵭Ц
ǚiһֱӻӶȭݺһȭѹ¡
ȻǴ磬Ϊ߶ȭҲ֪ǿ˶ٱһȭѹ£һʯ׹䣬ԺƬС
飡
ǿһȭһڻߵĺ֮ϡ
ۣ
Ѫ⽦䣬ߵȭҵķѣѪȾա
󣬼ͬһʱ䣬췣£ķ
߸ոձûüؾۣǱѹ£޷ܣֱӱһС
׷ֲĺˣУ߱ѿѪֱӱ룬ʣµСǱݳʮԶϢ˥͹ȣǿеһ΢㣬ʱпܻϨ
𣬽ʣµСʢҪ۳ٶȴľˡ
ɡԻѪʯս£췣ǿʱֱӼֻͼµѪɫһ𣬺ƺƵѹ߽ʣµС꣬Цѡ
֣㣬ס
䣡
ֻͼܼһѹ䣬ϻߵĻ̼佫֮֡
ۣ
һ죬߽ʣµС굱顣

ϣ
⴦ݵڣһɱּһĻ
⴦ݵǿˣ۷ǿߣȻôˡ
Զӣģŵ׷ѣͽ۷ϻˣǡ˵ţԶԶϵս£̲ס¶ݣѪʯս£ǿ£췣䣬۷˶סսȴȫСӸ
䣡
ϣ죬ӿֲ
ģ΢΢ţ򼸸۷ɱ֡


1052 ȫ
֮ϣѪɫ˸ѹžĵ绡֮ϴ̵ò˶Ĥըˡ
ˣ
쳹Ұʥı˰㡣
վģ⴦ݵڵļ۷ǿߣ΢ЯѪɫֱӿ˹ȥ˲һǰ
㡭
ﬣ
ɱ콣Ϊն¡
ͬһʱ䣬Ѫɫһ׹䣬ֱӽǿû

˲ҽУը궼ˣǱݳԶ졣
ʱѪɫ̫ˣֱǻԴȪš
춢ˣǚiһΣת׷ϡ
ˣ
ֻͼ𣬲Է˿ؾĻᣬѹ¡
һʱ䣬ʥϢ֯۵һǽ˵˸顣
ƫͷǿߣٴο粽ϡ
ⳡٵĻģߵĽٵǻ˲ֲʮʱƽһǿǰһʩչ콣ն¡
וּһ콣ϵѪɫ磬ֱӽû
Ȼڶɽ٣ȴѾȷȷʵʵһ죬Ⱦ£ֻսѾǿˣпֲ֯һɱǿ߱ǸĿ
ۣ
ɱֵ飬ɻңΨ걣һֵ̿ı飬ǱĳԶȥ
쵭Цֻһǳǰֻͼѹ¡
˾֣ס
ͣ
ֻͼ£ѹķ顣
¡¡ģһ£գأܣҽϻص
УֻͨµҲǿֲˣµʿֵˣȽٵͬһ㣬ֶξҲû˿塣


ҽ;֯һɱ׹·飬ʺѪһը
úݶ˼
۷ǿҧѪɫмܣ޺޵Ķ졣죬ȻЯٴ뵽ȻѴǡ
һ޺ޱˣֲܻ̿ҽеɱ֣ǴЦ⣺񳯵˲ǲôһֵ̿ĲҽУôôŭƽĲſڵ۷ǿ߱ȥ˵ǵȻֺ̿ͷŭ˺졣
۷ǿ߶ʱɫࣺ㡭
ˣ
𶯡
ʱѿˣ췣֣Ϊһҵ׺ӣʼһֱʹʧƺƵѹ£ٶȿ켫һʱ䣬ϢʮҪ˵ʿͨķˣҲоеľ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һ̣׷û٣ֻϢ¶ѣʹһͨ漶ɱըҲһű飬ԶƬؼʧ
춢ſڵǸ۷ɱ֣ǚiһֱӿ絽ԡ
ͬʱ췣¡
ɱֶʱ¶ı飬ҪѾ
䣡
׺£Уֱʹɱ𣬸޷׷´ⲻˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һЩɱѣһըһš
챻ⷽ׺֣ܵĻǿ£ΪлѪʯս»壬ֵ׺ӣĿսҲ
սµķ̫ˣ
Զ˿Һ
ʱ򣬴Ͽڣ񳯵⴦ݵѾǱѪɫĽƲѪˮһƵƮڵϣʱѾֻʣʮˣҴ󲿷ֶǿߣڼѵĶܺ͵ֵԲ׹µͨٵ磬һǱⴴѪΪʱԲµͨԽԽˣͨǿߵֵҲܼѡ
Щˣ΢һ絽һ۷ǿǰ
ﬣ
Ӷ֣콣ӿЯѪ磬նͨ
ɱʱֵͨĽٵѾܳˣĿٵ̱ÿ񱩿ֲʮټնͨǱ˸飬ֻüһĲҽУǱȻ
ƫͷطŵһɱ֣һһһǰȥ
ƶ֮׵̼ÿֲҪһ㡣
㡭
Ҫ
߿
𣬻ŵһɱּ쿿ɫ䣬־ŭֿ֣ԼܣǶɷǰ㣬Ϊϵʵ̫ˣߵͻʹΪĻ֮أʱûκܵˡ
ֻǣȻ磬ٶһܹȵϣתۼǿһһɱϣ콣âֲѪɫ׿¡

ҽд̶־
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ٿ콣âͿֲ׸ʮһɱȺš
ˣ
絽һ۷ɱʱ׷£Ϊһֱɵľ޴׹⣬ֱӽ۷ɱ֣ܵһȫ顣
۵һ۷ɱֱ׷𣬶죬һȻлѪʯս»壬Ҳһ䵽˵صʮ
ȣ
׹ûѪʯս£ȴ͸ս´ȥһִʹȳһѪѪһӾͱû˲١
Ŀ΢ݣ̫ľתɫ͸һӵص׳ֱֱϡкʣ췣ʼۣ¡¡
΢΢ۣܹоһɸµĴлۣʹļʱ΢΢ЩʱȻѪʯս£ҲǸоһв
һֽ̣ĿӲƿ⴦ϿǱܵĻŵɱ֣ЯѪɫ磬ֱӿ˹ȥѹϡ
㡭
ģ

ŵ׷û£ԼƬϿƶǚi񳯵֮һʩչԵѪɫһɱϣͬʱҲһɱʹûŵɱһը˲Ϣ
תۣ⴦Ͽڣ񳯵ɱֻʣˣǴ۷塣
˻ȾѪһδζµ磬ѾǺˣ˿̶죬֣ŭ⣬ͬʱ֯кϡ
ˬɣ
쿴ˣ΢Ц
ֻǼ򵥵֣Ц˵ƽдŨŨĳ󻹻ŵɱָӾŭɫࡣ
ৣ
ƿ֮ǚiƵſֲѪɫ磬˲Ƶһǰ̧𣬻ȭܼһ£ֱɱû
ۣ
ȭ޵УֲʹըҲһС
Ҳʱ˵һϣ׷۳Ϊһ־޴Ѫɫḥ̂ȫ׵罻֯ɣֱаңȵ׷ٿֲʮʼһ֣ǳŴϿ£һɱһ֡

ӭѪɫḥ̂һɱֿ־ԶӶݣҪܿŸոܳʮԶһ飬ɻңҲһɢУֻѪɫĥѹµϢֱ
Զӣٸǿɱ֣ô͸ȫˣǡ˵ţѪɫḥ̂ǲɵЩëȻżԶҲܸоеĿֲֻоǴ˵еĥ㡣



ѪɫĥµٶȲ죬֮ʲôҲû£ձΪ磬ϢͿʼ³Ͽ˲Ϣķѡ
춢Ѫɫḥ̂ȻǸо˼вȴǺ޾⣬Ѫʯս½֯ѪââֻͼֱӳƺƵĳӭȥ


1053 ɽٹ
ֻͼƵʱΪȫ߶һʱƵ޾ӭѪɫĥһŴ쵽ֱңֱӳײȥ
ͬһʱ䣬˫ַɿӡͼҲʩչ˳ֻͼһӭϡ
漴һֻ̣ͼͼһǰһѪɫĥ̺ݺݵײһ
䣡
ʱʮռ飬ֱӻһƬƬ֮лⱻ˳
͵ֻͼӡ飬Ѫɫĥ˲٣׹ȴ˿ֱӽ츲УȻը
һʱ䣬ķѵĴϿȾҶѵĵƤʯ߿գͱ顣
һΣȻѪʯս£ȻֻͼӡѪɫĥ̵ĻȴҲ˼ĴˣѪɫĥըĿֲڻѪʯսϣȻûбս£ȴһֵĻ֮͸սϣʹеݺһ̵ֱը鿪Ѫˮ
࣡
ѪʯսŵѪââڣѪӿת۾۳
ʱģŵ׵ĵѾױٵˣһ޴ӣ̳ƮţһѪɫ绡͵죬ܵһƬаܽơ
̧ͷڵĲ񷣬޴ĺɫкʣһѪɫ罻֯ضһƬڰС

Į
·ƺǾƣһ̣ҡɫУһƬɽԻѪɫ罻֯¡һʱ䣬ѹֵϢⷽصÿһ䣬
Сӣô
Ͽ⼫Զɵ÷ۡ
ˣ
׹̶ǳ
ɽ£飬سݣһƬƬⱻըһ̣ƬھҵĴ·ǽҪĩһ㣬˷洦Ǿ޴Ѻۣһڶֶ
챻Уֻͼӡһһ
ת۶ѣһֱɽײһը鿪
䣡
˷Ѫɫ罻֯ʮ
֮ȥʮʱ䣬Ȼ˲ƽϢ
̳Ʈţ绡͵죬λãѪʯսŰѪââϱ鲼ܼѺۣʱڲƮһѪ⡣
£ѪʯսҲԳܣѺۣ죬һθŻѪʯս±
ˣ
ѪʯսڲѪⷭѪˮԾ
ת̫תۼ¾۳ϵѪɫ˲٣Ҳǽ࣬ڵ췣˲Ĵˡ
ԶϿڣӦϢ˲٣Ҳ˱鲼Ѻ۵ĻѪʯս£ɫԱЩأ췣ǰ׺ҪֲѪʯսѾʼ飬Щ
ˣ
׺ϣڰֽ׸ֶû˿ͣ٣ֱѹ¡
ȫ⣬ֻͼ֯۳ֻͼӭϣͬʱһ֧ͨŶʮ
¡¡ģڰֽûУܼâֱסһУʧɫ

һ촫ϣѪʯս³ָѺۣ漴ֱ鿪췣±֧顣
˱¶ȻâУȫ⣬ȴԵסһʱըѪˮķռ䡣
䣡
ֱͣȥʮƽϢ̳֯
䣬ĲȱƮţĿġ
ˣ
⽻֯Ѫɫ棬ɿۺһûкķѶñ¾۳ϢȴǱøɫӲ԰ס
Լؿڣɫ΢΢һԻѪʯս£ٵˡ
䣡
𣬺١
ϣһ̱øڣʼת䣬Ѫɫ׹䣬ͬһѪɫ꣬һܿȵֵĿ׷
ѽ
Ͽ⼫ԶȻһĻͷƤˣٴγԶˡ
Ͽ֮ڣǼһѪɫ꣬ȻĲΪҪǣֻǵھ׷µǰѣĵھ췣
һͺ̫ľתһ߲ǚiܣһȫ⡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ѪɫϿڣѾƲĴٴըƽһ簼ݣһڲ׵ӣǧĴɽҲһһ̮
ۣ
챻һѪɫУ飬ѪȾա
ͺ̫תҵѪɫԾתؾ۳
ˣ
ֻͼһ콣âǺ˻ģӭѪɫ硣
ЩʱΪʩչܷǷǿ˫ʱЩѪɫ̫ˣ׼Щͨ
ۣ
һΣʮѪɫһûʹһα鿪
̫ؾ۳뿹ЩµѪɫ磬Σ˥룬ڵҲǱķѵ˲١
ѪɫԾ̫תһؾ۳ǣɫӲ԰ס
ҲʱҡҪը˰㣬һ𶯾ʮصľ޴
ޱȵѹ֣ͬʱرø޹⣬ĺڰƬأǧȫûֲ̿ƺҪ̮
ˣ
𶯡
֮ϣ޴΢΢תѿھ췣ԻѪɫ罻֯һ𣬻۳һɽӣɽľӦоУֱѹ
һޱȿµĳѪɫɵĽɽ׹䣬ǹɰѹȸǿźԶʹôط̮طѾԼҽð˳ֲʹϿ⼫Զ͵һ
¡¡ģƣѹȴء
£ֻоͨ궼ڷȻȻˣ˫ȴǳ˼ͣ˫ֻӶ佫ֶȫչ˳ӭ졣
ɣ
ͺ
ƺоƣѪɫ罻֯Ľɽ͵ļ٣ת۱£һͨطһֱӽûС
һ˲ѣⷽѪɫâǣⷽؼΨһ
䣡
մ飬̮ҽðʮɸߡ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãƬؼнٹȫʧѹֵϢ䣬¶һƬƲĽƴء
ϿѾΪƽأǾ޴ӣǽƵأһɹҽʣջˡ
ͣ
һ촫һƿһʺѪҺԵúҫۡ
ˣ
˲䣬ѪɫԾʮѪҺм䣬ȥʮӰԻΨɫܲ԰ףϢ΢㡣
ԶһֱطԻһ
ͬһʱ䣬·ɫ԰ףڴŴ̧ͷ񷡣
ˣӿת漴һ̣ӿ罥ð΢Ļ类紵˰㣬һһɢ󣬾޴Ҳ֮ɢȥգۼ»ָϢ˲Ϣʧһɶ
ɹȥˡ
Զɵõ
ˣ
ָεϣһƬ߲ɫƻ۶ŲƽƵһƬ߲ɫԣֱ֣


1054 治Ҫ
߲֮ʹâ˵ЧǷ챻ȹâסʱٻָҲ̼俪ʼǣתۼѱȬ
ʱ߲ʹâ䣬ǲ˷ѣת̫ľǣ߲ʹâ壬뵽еÿһ䡣
ˣ
תɫ߲âȶľٴοʼǾˡ
ˣֱȥʮϵ߲Ʒǻʧ߲ʹâǲ٣Ψһ߲ɫʺʣȴҲֻƬ̼ɢȥ
һڣ

ԹŻɹⳡ٣õĺôȻСΪֱӴһسڴﵽһڣ£ԵֵϴĿޡͬһʱ䣬ʱʶӣоԼʶȽһԾʽޱȼ̣֮벽ۻ֮£޵С
ۺԵսţԺǿ߿⡣
ò˵ܾˣϾǴ磬·ϵĵڰ˸󾳽磬󾳽ڣÿһС̨׼սر𣬿󾳽磬Ժ󾳽ڵĵǿһսǺܿ¡


ʱ˹´죬˫ǾâȻǸӦʱǿ漴ʵôСӣƿʲôµĴչֳүһ
ʿڴﵽʱƿصһ󣬵ԿʼƿظĵûϵơʱȻƿʲô´
´ü΢΢֣Ӧ񡭡ûСӼԼڵĴֻ
ûУԶʱһ㶣˫ĿĴ˼֣ôܻûУԹСʿڸոտʱҲƿصһ´ôܻûУʾǺˣ磬ȴȻûƿصµĴʵЩš
ٴӼǽΨһʩչâ⣺ûС˵⣬ʱԼɽٵУûвдҵ塣һԣʿƿһʱ򣬿϶ȸӦдȻԴȥ׽ȴϴԿʱͶٵĹУָо
⡭ôء򣬸ǲ⡣һ̣˵ĳ£ЩŹֵĶ죬ڵʱڵĵƺųԴǿĽᾧѵǣڵֵĴҲų⣿壿
ԣüͷ֪
һ⣬дģӦþʣܿʱһ´ûƿء˵ţֲɵ÷˷ֵۣ鷳оһĵһ
죺
бһۣܡ
ʱ⴦ݵڵĴϿȻʧԲǧΪƽأ潹ƲҲ֪³˶٣׵ĴӣһЩطйҽʣɢű˵ȣȥЩ
صҽ˳ƻǡ̾ЩŹֵĶ죬˵Щְϴٵʱʮ׷ôȴǷֻо֣Ȼԭ׷֮£ϣүô;úܲ˵ʱʮ׷٣ôҲӦʮֲŶ԰
⻰ûסֱұôģ٣Ǿ׷Ѫʯսµ£һҪʮ֣ǻôɣۻʹƶñ
ۣүԵķκ˽С˵ţֵ㲻ãڤڤеԷģһٹڣ㵽˻羳ʱһ󱬷˵ֱžŰʮһֵռ췣
ʱЩһƽķɡ
һôɨڿն𣬳Զȥ
ˡ
˵
˷ۣȥ
ȥģ
ʵ
쵭ɨһۣ˵أ
ı飬жʱһĨ⣬ȻЦһݵ㣬ţ˵ǵʱõϢǴݵڣǿֻǲ۷壬ˣʵӦǲ̫ѡ
£һһҲ̫ѭһȶķȥ
תۣʱȥʮɽһϿգƬһɱݵȥ
Ĺֻһ͸¶ѣα˺ľܾ
ʿ࣬ʱһϤʱֹסŲƫͷԴͷȥֻһһʮһƯŮ˫һƬʱʱһ˫֡

쵱ݣлһĨ
˳ĿȥСӣˣ
һλˡ
Ц
ϣŮӺƯ䲻˵ǣȴҲԶһˣʱ򱻺˦˦һߵı飺߿
ãã˺һ۾Ϳ㣬Ե֣עԵ֣ҿԿ϶ֻҪǲһޣߣǣԣǶཻһ֣ᷢһԡ
ɫ
ŮӸˣͽӣ
ţŮӵĽŲ˼֡
ģǺԵݣ
ϱ˵Ƿ򸾣һ㣬Ⱑ
ǣ²ã˵ỰҲУǱиɽΣҪȥ룿
һ㶼Σϡ
߿ϣԱߣֱۣСӣĹˣ˶٣ˡ治Ҫ
ͬꡣ
Ц漴΢ת۾ʧԭء
Ů˫ĺܣ˫֣˵Ŀɶ
ʱ৵һƿӰԱߣֱ̧ȣһƨϡ
һʱ˳ȥֱֱײڲԶһľϡ
һĻʹǱŵŮӶʱһɵýŲһ͡
Ҳʱ򣬺ɳȥײľϵĺվһƽײľĵķ飺ĸǧ˵ү󡭡תŭ𣬲һ̱һ㶣죺֡Сӣ죬漴תۼ¶ϲı飬໵һУֱ˹


1055 ڤ
ź˹һſ˫ۣһҪӣʱж񺮣̲ס̧ȣһϡ
һһκɣײڲԶһʯϡ
Сӣүģȥ꣬Ÿոռ棬үţ
ڲԶվƿڴ
캹գʲôһȻӦ˭ͻȻſ˫۵ģҡ
겻ǱˣڵʶһǳҪĺѣƣʱǵ𻯵ŵ洫ӡΪƵĹϵŽ𻯵ţŵ
żǰԵ»ص𻯵ţƱһ˴ȥУ֮һֱ룬ʱȻڵڰˡ
ƶ죬ֵĴӲԶ߻
ǾȻһģ
һǸƲŵŮһϮȹһ߷ʱɵͣ½ŲΪǰΧĺˣллȴ룬Ȼ;ɧʶҿȥϵܺãתߡ
߰ҺСӲһģǺˣ
ƽе
ޣ
Ůٶȱøˣһգ۾ܳȥԶ롣
ͬһʱ䣬춢ƣ̲סðߣʲôСҺСӲһģǺˡѵԼǶ˲ɣ˵ŮӳơǾȻһġǰһˣôŶԣ˵ȻƲ壬񱻵һģǳʲôƵġ
һץס׷ŮӶȥƵ죺ɧ˼ҹˡ
ɧţƻͷ׷氮
ԣ̲סۣ氮÷氮
ŮѾԶʱûӰӣʹЩ̾ҡͷ
Ȼ죬Сӣôܵڰˣ
С˵ֿƣ㣬֮ǰһȥ𻯵ţ˵㱻һ˸ˣǸˣʦ
ǡƵͷ漴̿ɥģ㶼֪⼸ôģǺǺⲫ֣衭ֱͲ˹Ӱֱǰʱ䣬ͷӲ˵ǿﵽеļߣųҳɻһʱ䡣⼸꣬ҡ˵ȫᰡ
죺
⼸꣬ʦĥµĺܲң˲
ֿڣⲻǸճ׼𻯵ſСӻȥûȻ;֮ǰǹȻ󣬿ȣղſһĻˡ˵ţŮܿķ̾ˣ֮ϧϧ
бǵԡ
Ʒۣ漴ĿԱߵϣǣ
һͷ֡
˵ΪƼ򵥽˷漴һơ
һһЩͣΪĹϵܿ
˵ʲôү֮ǰҲǵĲŸǹֻΪ˳·ѡ˵ǰ棬ڰڤޣ˵߲ɫĹâʱʱҼдзǳ˵ĵʲôرҪү׼ȥһ˵˳̼ڴء
ԣʱݣ߲ʹâ
߲ʹâĸֶ˵ŷǳĳԣΪʶе񽣵ĽƬɫͬʱᵽĸ֣Ȼǵһʱ䶯ݡ
˶٣ı䷽ȥᵽڤ޿
μѰ߲ɫƬĳʱǶܹµΪ߲ʹâĸֶҪı䷽΢΢˵ͷ
£һֱڤȥٶȺܿ졣
ˣڤޣ֪٣˵һ¡
;ơ
Сɶүôۣ˵ڤޣһƬģһǳˮ½أڰǳʷвǿ߶٣鲼ż˵ţɫЩ⣬ݼأŴ֮һ̫𣬵ڤϿٶй
춯ݣ̫й
ԱߣҲһɫû뵽ڤô˽⣬ΪֻǴڤ޵λúżѣһʿ֪ôࡣȴ̫ڤй֪ʱ˳ʵԾҪǴȥƻסˣϾ̫ǿʮ޵ʷǿľ֮һֶοͨ
ģŴ֮һ̫ڤϿٶй
̲סʵ
Ʋ죬үһϿģȻȫ϶ļطǳϸ߳ɿġ


1056 
Ļ¶Щ΢⣬߳ɿΪ棬ǻϱˣһڤ޵ҲǸԵ÷ǷϾһŴϿٶйڣ֮ȻԶ
˫۷Ź⣺ߣҵ̫Ķıȫ
ŴжĺöԲ٣ͬʱֵҲһܾˡ
бһۣڣôңɽҵõ
ô࣬ҵ£ҲҲûϵȸ·ȥ˵

̫ıչضڤʱʱ߲ʹ⡣
һӿЩٶȣڤȥ
ˣܿʱȥ
ʱһһƬ޴ǰϺ˹׳
Ƭλãڤޡ
˵
Զ˳վطд޵ӰǱ֪ڤޣطӦǻһβ̵ľ롣
ߡ
˵пȥ
ƺȻɣҲһλÿȥ
Ϻܴʪأʱʱһ޴ˮˣвʿںϿգٶȲڳλóȥңͬһʱ䣬ԶܿҾ޴ĴֻװվŲʿΪ඼Ǵվ¡
УܴһӦΪСᵽ߲ʹâܹȥģһЩǵȥڤϾڤޱһȻʥأȻԶԶȲϵ򣬲ƬȴǺܳÿռ䶼ʿȥĥ¼
˵
ɨܵЩʿԴ˵ǲ⣬ֻǳȥ
ˣܿʱȥ
ʱǰһƬ޴½أԶԶȥܽ֯һŨϵһɾ㡣
ˡ
˵
лһĨ⣬ٶһЩûñڤޡ
뿿ܸоһɼΪϢܱߣͬʱ֮ϣֻŴɽһһľһ갤һ꣬Լһ޵д𶯳գʱʱڤϾһɴ쫷硣
ܲ

Ϊﵽƿظӳɫֻһ۾ܿ޵أһĹŴذ㡣
ˣпˣȥɡ
˵
£һڤޣ뵽С
ʼһ뵽УǶʱоһɲɣӵϢͬʱеŨ
𣡡
޵ڤϵһɽڴϢǺܾˡ
ڤϣŲεʥڣһֱԭʼУʵµĺܡ
˵
ͷƬڤޣйâ֯ɨܡ
ҪΪᵽڤֳ߲ʹâпʶǱ񽣵ĽƬʱϣʶеȴǲûʲôӦԣֻʱԼ̽Ѱ͸ӦȻҵȷϣǵǲ񽣵ĽƬɢĹâ
ˣ˵߲ʹâֵλãϵʲô򣿡
ơ
ʲôͲˣֻ֪ڤϡҡͷ漴ЩŹֵ죬˵Сӣɢ߲ʹâǶȷʵһڷǷرδЩ̫̫˰ɣǰĳطرֵ£ûôġ
ദܳһʱ䣬컹Ǻ˽ģȽϳȣر˫۷Źˣټº̾;Ҫʱٴ޺̾ʵ£ǰѡ⡱ֿϣʵЩ
βһ

ûйͣɢ̽Ѱܡ
ƺɵĿһۣȴҲûжʣҲɢ̽Ѱ
үڸ뽫̫ϵıչضҵһչеĶ˵һȱĻԪ챦ҪѰͣٺ١
˫۷Ź⡣
бСˮˡ
һæȥ漴ֲû£ֳۡ
첻ſ̽Ѱ
ɨܣŴȥ
ƺȻǸĲϡ
𣡡
޼࣬ʱʱȺɽԵ÷ǳŨҡ
ͬʱһʿ޲ѰǰµۼЩʿ໥ɱƺʲô
Դû⣬ϣ̽ͬʱҲתţޣһ̽Ѱû߽һɽŵ׵ƺЩԾʹʮɶλãŲ΢Σ˹ȥһľߡ
ʲôˣ
ʵ
һ龧
˵
תƿ㣬ץסһ̰龧ٶ
൱ٶͨ龧ˡ
жݡ
ͷɫ䲢Ǻ⡣
񣬽ֻٶ龧Ե㲻ʲôûʲôá
龧
ôһ飬ٶ⡭ܿٶͨ龧ˣ
ˣҲ̫ˣȻѰôһ޴龧
⸽Ųʿʱǿڳľ޴龧˶¶ݣ˸ǲɵ÷
ֻһ˲ѣ⸽ʮǿʿˣǳ˹ȥжǴ̰Ĺ⣬ȻҪȡе龧
һٶص龧ٶͨ龧ȼֵͨʿԣǶһĴԣҲһھ޴ıء
ʮһʿǼӿ˼֣˸ǽȡ˳֯һ⡣
˿
ͻȻһĮ
ʮ⣬߸ŲѪǿ󣬶ǴͨɾΣ䵭Ŀűʮˡ
ʱ䣬ʮʿǽŲһͣӭ߸ɫ
ͬʱ⸽һʿҲݡ
ǡҵˣ
Ĳ
߸꣬˶æˣ߸ıǼɵ
̧ͷˡ
˵ңǿڰǿĴУûκܹ֮ȡŵ⣬һÿϼоͻһ嵮ʷкü˴ɾгңȻڵھһ
ô
жݡ
춼΢˫ۣÿһ壬ʷкü˴ɾڵھ򶼾߱һȥȷʵǸµĴС
˿
߸һ£ĮǺĮűʮʿ
ʮʿǺݺһǼɵη壺ˣˣˣ
ʮ˶ԭڵ龧ʱƬǿҵĴˣȴǲ˿Σһʱ˰ɶԶ
߸ǵĮ˿ʮʿ⣬ֱ졣
ǰתǰ龧


1057 ӡ
ĻĶ΢΢˫ۡˣʮʿȻߵǰĮ龧ͷ·ǵԼĳӷʩһ㣬·ǾãӦý龧ȥ
ԲУ꣬ǵĻǲǣҲ
⸽һʿʱɫ
Ȼôͳҵ˵
˶죬ͷһ¡
ңųңƬǿĴаҲ֪жˣÿоͻᵮһ壬ʷкü嶼޵˴ɾ磬ѹķڵھһڰʮݣĪΥ棬һȥʮˣһĴӵʱȴȻû˿ηȻöԷ
ɫʱϸɫֿһ죺ղţ˵ʲ
飡
촫ֱ̧ȣһ긹֮߷ʮԶ
˻ˣ
˵
˵ţ΢Σ龧ʯС
ʮԶԶѪŶӲҽУֱӻ˹ȥ
ʹøһʿǴ󾪣𺧡
ȻԳҵ˶֣ĵ𣿣
ʿȻ
ͬһʱ䣬ЩҲʵǿ󣬱ϾͨɾΣȴȻһ䱻߷ɣȥζûܹվֱӻ˹ȥսίʵǷ
ǲ֪ǣһѾˣˡ
ʱ򳹵ڤڳһص龧ǰҪΪǳҵԲҲһǳ˫ַϡȻû뵽ǣ첻һֱӶǳҵ˶֣û˿Ĺ˼ɡ
һǰĶ죺Ǿ̫ģ
飡
̧ȣ֮ͬǰǰ㣬һ˸϶ԷĻͬʱԷ߷ʮԶһײʮŴͣ£Ѫ
һʱ䣬ȺԾһǿɵۡ
⣬
죬ЩʿʵǱסˣ벻ôô󵨣Ȼǰţһһӵܸߵĺɣֱǡ̫ˣ
Ͼǿǳҵ˰
񾭲ΪԼļǿһЩ;綼ΧԼת
ɨ۱߷ɵˣҵˣ̵
ë

һһʹ⸽һʿǵۣͷƤ
Ǽǳҵӵܰǡ
𺳡
ƬȻ㲻ҵ˷С
ɫױɱ⽻֯
ǣܴ󣡡
һ˺
˴ͨ۷壬£ǿƵ죬ƺһ˹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ĸҲˣٶȶܿ죬գ۱ǰ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģǿͨӿǱ䣬һȫǡ
ȫϵ
ȿ꺮ûצ֯ԣǡ
һպգңٶȿЩˣֻϡ俴һģצӰ
վԭأ̧꣬һѱץסԷ
ʱһʩչĿǳҵһǿͨΪ֣ٶȷǳ죬赲Ȼ־ͽ㡭
쿴ˣƽץ˵΢΢ֱ˵ǣʹĳ굱ҽ
ͬһʱ䣬֣һɵѹڵĸĳһһ׻һ㣬ȫԵڵϡ
⡭
ҵ֣Ȼô׾ͱ
Уô£ôôԼԵˣ⡭
ܣһʿ𺳡
ͷųѹֻڳĸϣЩ˶Ǹо

ͷִųٴ͸ֱ۴壬ϵطĹͷҲ鲻١

굱ҽУͷ亹۵˳ҪȴǷ֣Լû˿ãĴץţڵƺˡ
쿴ˣղţ˵Ҫϵǣ
ƽ˿ƣȴʹܹѾʹ굱ݺһоһĪ
ǣǣҡûУûУ
ʹеĺʧˣʱֳ˿־壬ֻоʱһƽôĿ¡

йڴʹĶԷٴβҽС
ô˼ǣҸղŶˣ˵Ļ
Į
Ȼһʹһֻоñ
ǣûжûû
˾ֵ
쿴ˣûҲ˵Ҫϵˣ
һʱĲ֪ôشˣ־ֿ֣ʹᶼشǣ˼˵Լˣ˵û˼ǾҪϵһˣôش޷ش𰡣ôش𣬶ǻὫġ
ܣһȺʿУ̲ס˳ǣֻоʱ̫ˡ
ɵ÷ۣСӣǶȤζ
͸ô档
ƺȻЦ
쿴žֵĲ֪ôڵ꣬ĬĬϣȻʵȷʵ˵Ļ
˵ţиֳһͼ֯ɫԣʥ֮С
ͼĸѹڵصĳ궼ɫ䣬¶𾪣־֮ɫҲøŨ
ֹסĲ㣬㡭
첻˵ʲôָᵯɫͼ̷ɳûڡ
ҽУϵϢɢתʧӰ٣ҡҵΪ㡭ң־ֵֿĶ죬Ǿı顣
ϵǣҷϵ㣬ƽ

һ֣˦ײڲԶһľϣʹöԷǷһҽ
㡭ȣ
־һͨʿһͨˣȴܳܵˣȳһѪֱӻ˹ȥ
ͷѹڵصĸ꣬һȦԽŵ׵ĽĸȫʮԶ
Ϊһɱ⼸ˣҲΪΪǿˣľҲøߣͨɾӵܣȥɱ
ߡ
кƣʲôҲûз㣬Զȥ
ⷽڤޣҪҪ
Ȼͣȥ
ֱ֮һѾԶ⸽һʿһļµı顣
ǸˣȻôԳҵӵܣϵһˣ⡭ĵѵ֪ҵǿ𣿣
һʿĲ
ͬһʱ䣬Զ߷ɵĸѪʱվ뿪ķһ𺧣۾֡
ղšͼһ˶£ǿ־壺ͼƺ͡ͼǰɱʹõꡭȫһ


1058 ټڤħ
Ҽӵܾ֣ʩչͼ˲Ϣ˼ǰһĻһ꣬ǡҼһĻˮ֮ϣһҲʩչͼڸ죬һĴɱѪȼˮ
˭ǡˣʲôϵΪΪʲôҲڱ
ǣ˵ġˣǡӣ
⣬⡭ǡ

һ˶£أϻȥ£̫ϳǣ
˶ͷʹȥǼˣ뿪ޱԵȥ
طһʿųҼ뿪һ
Ǽ꣬ôôͻȻô֣
ǰǱˣһˣҲ־İɣ
ЩŹ֡
ʿ⡣
ղǸˣ
ϻôԳҵ˶֣ңͨɼʿһ˲͸ˣΪعҲӦǴڴΣܲ𣿡
ԳӵܣҲһ˰
ʿۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ط֮ǰȥҪȡ龧ʮʿ̲סݺ˿ҺжǴһ˿塣̧־ͷϵͨɼǿߣûһϿĵ˵ǿ󣬶ղţǾȻҪôһжȡ龧ֱʱʮ˺䶼ЩлǼˣǼǣƣڶڵϡ

뿪ǴڣѾг˺Զʱɽ
üļâ֯˸һ񻪣ǿӿס֪Ƭڤֵ߲ʹâڡ
̫ɸү
˫Դᵽ̫һɸڣһֱб⡣
СϢвУ
бơ
Ƴۣǿ𶴸˵һȱ챦
һȥӵҲǲú߳˺Զ
֮ǰֵ߲ɫԣ
֪֮ǰʱʱ֣о͵âôûˡ
֣
ϣڵҲý֮ѰǾǾر
޿ǴĺܣҪѰޣǿҲûϺü°
ŲǿʿһЩСš
Щ󣬲˵ΪףȻ
ҲȷʵЩ֡Ƶ˵֮ǰ߲һھͻ˸üΣˣŨȴ˼
䣡
ͻȻʮ⴫һֱӴƵĻ
ȥһƬȺɽУһںħԵЩңֱӱ˸죬ǿϢʹڤһͬһʱ䣬ںħУԼּһ˿д߲ʹ⡣
ǣ
Ϣãÿ£
ҿˣǳڹУ֮ǰֵ߲ԣ
ûҲˣ
ȷʵǣ
⸽һʿԱɫ
ͬһʱ䣬һĨտտâղţںħ˲䣬ʶڵԲ£͵ƬʱһģһţǰħâĵطнƬĴڣͬʱһ棬ںħַǳϤϢ
ڤħ
ȭ
ڵڶʱҩδ羳ʱһչ֮ڤħɱ֮󲻾ãڵڶĽڣڤħԣҪȡǴڵһ齣Ƭ°Ϊ̫İ˰ʱʶ񽣵˶Է룬ָо˶ԷϢ
ߣ
кһȵĶԶƣֱն𣬳ȥ
һ̣Ϊͬʱ֪˽ƬڤħϢ뵽ڤħҪȡڶǴڵĽƬûгɣٶĺܿ죬ͬһɫ㣬һԶܵնΪ֮˲١
ٶȣʹƲɵһʵ̫ˣֻգۼûӰ
Сϡ
ɫ˫һɫ⻪֣ͬɫ⣬ٶҲǿ켫
ƵۣȻʱչֳٶҲ졣ĥү⼸Ҳǰ׳Կͷģ˵ţâ֯ͬһɽҲһμԶٶȲ
һʱ䣬ವģһǰʹÿռŤ졣
ˣʮܿ챻˦һȺͣ£һȺɽϿա
ȥȺɽңΡΰطѾѿˣһɹħӵص֮´ʹطĿǱ䣬һڤħ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ħУһƵ߲ɫԡ
߲֯ԵĶɽȺĵص£ƶݣܿüͷħô£оȥƺЩѹ֣
Ǻѹ֡
Ҳ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһʿ嵽Ųǿߣȫס˴ɽ֮£һжй֯š
ҵˣ
ǶȺɽصף
ħʲô
·ħ֯ţ
ȥ
ʿ۴â볯ɽȺĿȥΪ߲ʹǴ
ҲʱƺԱߣ춯ˣ৵һǳɽȺλõϿա
ʲôˣ
ÿ·
Զ㣡
ʿȳ⡣
ɫĮЩʿ˿⣬һֱ̧֣ȺɽλãԻȭһȭ¡
໣
쳹ʮȭһͷʮɵӰԻϵʽٳգֱֱĳȺɽĸ¡
ճƬ飬գۼѣʮɵӰɽܺͿ쫷磬һʿȫɣ˴ڿѪ㵱
䣡
̶·Ⱥɽ飬ķѣһʯܡ
⣿

һһȭ
ϵһʿݺݲ¶֮ɫ𺧵졣һȭֱ֮ǳ׹㣬ȻֻһȭͺƬɽȺ
Զֱӵɴ˫ۣң⣬Сӡ죬˽죬֪һֱǿ󣬲ʱȴ𺳡ʱ䲻û뵽Ȼǿȳ̶ȣһȭ֮ƣǿֲˡ
ΨôȣΪ֪Ȼ磬ҴʱӶ˻ĻȭһƣȻǷǳ¡
𣡡
ͻȻһХԵص״𳤿գ̵ĲʿĤֱըˡ
¡¡ģħâԵص׳Ⱥɽٴα飬һʯɻңһȻԵص׳⽻ڹ⣬һ˫ѪˣǱ鲼ڵۼף·ԾħڳһͷĹħħѹʮ
ǡڤħ
ݡ


1059 սħ
Եص׳ڤħݣȴףǺѼõġ
⡭
ԱߣƵۣȻҲϳԵص׳Ȼ
ͬһʱ䣬ƬɽȺһʿҲǱɫ
⣬ǡ
ڤħ
͡͹żмصִһģһ
ƬȺɽص£ȻȻһͷڤħ⡭
֮ǰصħħ֯ǡͷħɢģ
ʿ󾪡
ڤħżصľףȻԶʱҲѼһͷŻطȻһͷڤħʵЩʿ𺳡
ϣڤħͫѪ죬ӴϸһƬƬڰСۼף˫չʮɳ䲱ֳͷ­˫ǣħ⻷ơ
𣡡
һħâ纣˷һɿ쫷磬ϯķ
ʱ⸽һʿѣȿ쫷ɣвҽңͬһʱ䣬һЩʵǿĸֱ쫷ըɲ
ˣˣ
ѪС
طʱһɧңʿԶˣת۱˳Զ
ڤħٴδ𣬼ſֲħϯ˻ģšͫѪ죬Ѫ飬ɨķϣѪɫͫһһη
࣬㣡
羪ףʱϳ죬еѪ֮Ũ
ϣɫĮĶڤħڶԷеɱѪâ⡣
Ȼ㡣ŶԷһأȥڣƺôá
ǳǿᣬĲڤħʱ״͸ճʱ˲٣ճʱԷħϢԿ۷ǿߣȴֻĲΣ̫ࡣ
ڤħеѪ֮Ũɱ⽻ֱֱ֯졣ڵڶԲ֪ͻȻﵮǿɱ˼صĴˣʹʵֱӽ켶ĲΣڻûȬ
࣡
죬ħâħĺڷʹտ졣
˻棬ʹøһʿǱɫ
ǣʶ
Ǹˣʶ˵еڤħ
⡭
ʿȡ
ƺҲǶݣǶ˽죬Ϥȴǲ֪ʲôʱʶͷڤħҿȥ˺ڤħС
䣡
ħӿڤħͫѪٴڹøǿᣬͬһıȪ۰㣬Ұ˻ĵһɹɻħ硣
ʾ䣺ܽſ£ڣһԡ
Ż䣬ŲһΣɫâ̼˺ħ⣬˲ڤħǰ𣬽ɫȭֱӺ¡
һһȭȵڤħϣֱӽԷɳȥԶǸطһɽײķѡ
һȭ˴˵еڤħ⡭
⸽߳ȥһʿٴ𺧡
춢򱻺ɵڤħֵͷƬȺɽصףƹ⽻֯
漴ܿǿ˵صһȭͷС߲ʹԴڣȻǽƬʱ齣ƬһƵľħ⣬֯һħܣȭͷСĽƬΧ
ѹ˳ǰЩÿն˸߲ʹâȴǲԻ
΢⽻֯
ʱ˳صµħƵڤħһǶԷڲǰѰĽƬڽƬܿӡħԷƬϢҪ֮ȡСƬǿһˣû񽣱£ƿأڤħȻȴҲ֮ǰӦĹ⵽ƬɣһħƱ飬ʹϢٴ
ڵڶҵһ飬Ƭҵһ飬ӻ顣
·ҪƬȡС
𣡡
Хʮ
⣬ڤħ˻ױøɭѪ죬ħøŨ
Զأڹƣ࣬㣡¡¡ģħâ𶯣һħɱ⣬ͬħĴ㣬ȥ
һʱ䣬͵ħâɱī֮ͬǺһתۼ䱻ʴڻ
׼ص¿磬ЩɱŲ΢΢һͣΪоɱǿ̻
΢Σӭħâɱܣܼħâɱȫ˿
䣡
һħɱڴϣڴɽ䣬̼һɹɻħʹôѿʹôɽ飬ڵرһ޴ӡ
ȿµĻĸһʿľһˡ
⡭ǿҲᱻһĨɱ
˲
ƶݣΪħâɱȷʵ̫ڿ£ƺˡ
Сûɣܵס𣿡üһȭҷڤħʱܿڤħܼɱ⣬̲סЩǣϾڤħǿǴ˵еĴףǳ¡˵ţٴɻ󣺡һʲôʱϵħǰû˵£
үҲǰâ֯΢΢ۣȥͷħƺܹصˣҵڻûȬսԶ۷ʱСʵɱ˶ԷҲڵסﵽ۷壬ȻΪȴڣڤħ״
䣡
ǰɭħƵӿ£ԲڵĿռȫǡ
ڤħħâɱԣ졣
ңҲǳ˹ȥǿţһƬ񷡣
Įɨһ۵صµ߲ʽƬ漴ħ
ն㣡
䡣
ŶԷɫâڣŲһΣͬɫ粽
ڵڶڤħɱ°߰㽫ɣǲܷŹԷңʱ򣬲նԷûȡ߽Ƭ
ˣ
򵥣ֻǻȭһȭѹ£񷶼Ϊ֮ζֲĴƷһС
͵ģڤħɱƬ飬ȭͷȭâ졣
໣

ͷ𶯣ȭˣһͷԻһͷɻչ𣬽֯˫𶯾ʮأѹɽӡ
תۣڤħɱȫ顣
𣡡
ڤħٴɫ˫һ𣬾ɻ籩ֲ̺ħâӭɻ˶ȥ
ֻɲǼѣײһ
䣡
ʱħܴ󱬣˭Ҳ˭໥ײһ绡
ģճƬƬ̮һһսĵطתۻش
飡
ӶȭƽڤħǰһһȭڶԷϣһ죬ʹڤħٴκɡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڤħ˫͵һںɳȥͬʱϣʹǺݲĵɶ


1060 ħŷ
ձ飬쫷ϯڤħͬʱɣڰֹסΡ
𣡡
ڤħâħâƣøӿ񱩣Ѫɫͫ鲼Ѫɱ⡣
죬ڳգħʮɢϢ˲Ϣǰһֲֹ̿š
⡭
ԶһȺʿȻħȻźԶҲоƤʹ
ĿĮƣ᣿
䣡
񷣬ɫڣǿƻȻͬһŵĻɽͻȻ˰㣬񷶼ҡߵȫ顣
һ̣ϣڤħȫȣԵúСɢѹȴǿ˿ҲڤħҪǿһЩ
һʱ䣬ɫĿϯ˻ģһʿǺݲֱӱƷɡ

ƣ⡭
ˣˣ
ʿ̿֡
ʱ𶯳Ϣ̫ǿˣڤħײЩͨʿܲˣʱֻԶԶӭϢ͸оҪը鿪һ㡣
ʱƿյһһʿٴԶˣգۼ˳ȥԶ
¡¡ģطɫɫħâ໥ײ֯һƴĿĵ绡ܵĿռһըͬǴϵĺڷӿ
ڤħͫѪ죬ѪգѪ̣һֱɱ졣
˵һ˫ᣬһƬƬħϯԵ˫ʮռȫ֣Ծϰ˻֮Ƴնȥ
ﬣ
粽⽣â콣һʱ両֣һ꣬ޣӭڤħնĴƬħС
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
໥ײ飬˭Ҳ˭
ϣɫȭһ䡣
ˣ
Ϊ֮һը졣
ڤħͺצӶһǺѹ£ӭȥȭ
ѹ㣡
ڤħ
ĿĮƾ㣿
ȭͷڤħצȣǳ΢СȭͷЯľȴӿ嫣ڤħצײ󷢳һ죬ֱӱƬա
ӵĮ˲Ϣоڤħǿᣬ˿
ıȴ˿䣬ȭڤħצײһӿȭͷ𣬾Υʩչ似ȭ似ڣ˱濴ƺ޺ۼȭȴ͸˵ڣֱ
һ̣һƵʣ֮ȭֱûڤħʱʹڤħһںжѪˮ˳
𣡡
ŭһֻצҲӶͬʱڳħ⣬һħâ˳ɸߣڴͶƬӰƺƵѹ졣
ħЩֲҹƷǳ֮ͣħצɱʮ
֣ȭȻڤħӴʮԶٺˣ磬ֲܿħâˡ
࣬
ʱХ
ڤħħâ˵ʱƶͷĲϿգʱڴţӿİĻ£գֱӽûС
ȻԵռ̮Ŀռ̼䱻
Сӣ
ԶƱɫɵú
ͬһʱ䣬ԶЩʿӭڤħİĻ棬ֻоҪڻ˰㣬ֹסĶ¡
⡭ƺڤħ棬˵Եĺܣܷٻ
ꡭˣ
ȻûҲˣˡ
Щʿļ¡
ǰϺڰħӿͬħħȼգ͵졣
һ̣ħкнɫâԻ󣬽ɫâԽԽſڵڤħ档λãƽվţɫ潻֯ɢյȣڷȼڤħ档
һʱ䣬һʿһٴαɫ
ǣѵǣǡף
˶¡
һʿ죬Ľɫ棬еľɫԽӵŨ
ûûɫĻ棬ңܷջڤħ棬Ǵף
ȻƿдףǿǴ˵е𰡣
⣬⡭
ʿĲ
ף֮۶ɣųƿԷپУ꣬һջ١ңΪҪǣܹʿʵֹǿؼԵļֻ֮һЩʿû뵽죬Ȼƿ
Ҳ𺳣ֱۣСӣʲôʱƿصֻ棿
Ѿкܳһʱˡ
Աߣڵ
ˣ
ǰϿ⣬ɫĴ׽յ͵졣
̧ͷϷڤħɵĮ
䣡
ڤħĴױøӿ񱩣Ȼ䱩ǣɶߣһꪣճڤħᴩȥ
ڤħͫѪ죬ţһڤħ棬ңһεڤħøǿʢԵӭĴ׳ײȥ
תֻۣײһ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ֻ໥ײһһڣɺڳǽķ
Щܵĵϣ̼ٻٴƬرȵҽҪֲ
䣡
ɻ潩ײħ𶯡
󣬽ɫĴվڤħǿȻڤħڤħ߶ĸԵȴǵвһα׷ٻ
漴¡¡ģ׻ӿֱϣᴩڤħĸƬħѪ
𣡡
ڤħŭХħâƵ׻ꪸ⡣
ҲʱƿյЯӿĴ׶ֻӶ̼仯һƬɫĻ𺣣ֱӽڤħûС
𣡡
ڤħ˫𶯣ʹͷŭƬĿռ䡣
ûȻǿħҲԳܣת۱㱻ջٴ롣
ŭɢħøӿɲǿʢѿףһƳȥԶ
࣡
죬޴ͫУѪĹâøŨ˲̡
֯Į
˵ˣܽſ£ڣһԣ
ĵ
䣬ϣһһӰԴ𽣣նħͷ­
һ裬ңͬʱת콣ʹƻȻ
һ˲Ϣٽ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ڤħһķѡ
һĻʹԶһʿȻǿڤħȻնˡ
Сӡ̫˰ɣ
Ƶۡ
䣡
ǰħâ֯ڤħûȥһ̷ӿ䱬ĿֲѪâһɹɻԵûȥ
𽣣һһƬˮưѪ⡣
ҲʱŵһڤħѪûоۺϵһ𣬾ǻͷһģһħңÿһͷ֯ŵϢǰ


1061 ǿѪ
춯ݣڤħͻأһΪţÿһͷɢƶǿˣһʼʹʱһɾ޴ѹһ˿вС
ͬһʱ䣬һʿԱɫ
š˾ͷ
Ĳ
𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡺𣡡
ŵһֱӱƬգһΪŵľͷħ
ɫ΢ݣȭһٴɨ
͵ģȣƺҪڻˡ
һΣɫĴȫʧȥãͷڤħһɱħ֯໥ӣݻ˵ħ磬ɫ
𣡡
ħħ罻֯·ֱɱǰֻצһ̽
ֻ˲ѣؽԾһ̾Ҫ١
Сӣģ
Զе
ڤħһΪţһɱǵȳ棬ֻǿһ۾ͷƤ顣
񷣬ջڣһ̼ȭӭͷħ
ȭٶȼ죬շ˵ͬȺϾֻ޴צһƬƬҵĵ绡⣬ƬزסĻζ¡¡Ĵ졣
𣡡
һΪŵľͷħٴӴ󣬵ɱٶȴ˿ڲλλħâɱͷצ϶͹м䡣
ȿµľϻȻﵽ磬ҲԵúܳϾĶַͬһ㣬ǹżصĴڤħ
ˣıȴǲޱ仯˿ûлңƹ˸һۣͷħֻ䣬ȭ߶ĸǿ
һʱ䣬ȭ֮;ͷħײɢֱĿռһ
˫ȭһսţۣȴǲûиı٣ɳڽо·ͷħȵЩǱ
ʵ壡
΢
ۿԿ࣬ʱۣǷ֣һΪŵͷħʵ壬Ųѷɫսħǿʢ֮
䣡
ħͷڤħһɱѹأϰ˻ģɱˡ
һȻۺͻȭһѣסаͷħĹƣȴǱһͷƵǰһצϡ
ȣ
Ѫֻоһǳײ˰㣬ǿʱ鲼ѺۣѪȾȫ
ԶһʿĿⶼǲס˸ݡ
Ǿͷħ񡭡ʵ壡
ˣûһӰ
⡭ͷħһ˭ܵס
Щʿļ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ƺ;ͷħļսɫҲһ
һΪţʵ壬ҶһʼһʱӦڤħ츳ͨ
²
츳ͨƣǷǳǿᣬң޷кƿء
䣡
ǰħâڸ죬ͷڤħһɱƿ񱩿¡
һʱ䣬Ƭղѣرʼ飬ԵЩˡ
ɱǿҲǵֵ鷳ڲϲ⵽ش
ıʼղ仯۽֯˿˿ƹ⣬á
ŵ֧Ŷã
ӶȭﵭĮ
ûʲôֳܷ뱾һǿĻһֱȥжôǿ󶼲Ϊ˳ʱۣĲͷħĹɱƲһʼˣħâɱҲʱһ˿
ͷħ΢΢һ£ɱͫױøӵѪ졣
䣡
ͷħһɱϣħһѹм졣
ߣǚiȭһʩչͷħ档
䣡
䣡
䣡
ɫħܲײ˻ָָ飬쫷粻Ͼܣ涼˶˲١
УȺ˼شһΣȴǲûнͣɫҲû˿ı䡣
㽻棬ת۱ӹȥ
ʱеƹøӳЩһΪŵľͷħħʼһɿٶڽ͡
ˡ
Į
䣬Ų΢Σһǳһͷħǰɫȭѹ¡
ˣ
ǿһȭµһȭմ飬һȭͷħϡ
𣡡
ͷħͫѪ죬ɱ
ĿĮһһӰӭŰͷħϣ˫ͬʱ̧
໣

˫ȫݻȭֽ֯ɻˣ
һʱ䣬ɻ˳ͷħȫС
һԲڵĿռʱȫ̮ռֱӷˡ
ֲһ
ۣۣۣۣۣۣۣۣ
ѪˮɽͷħһըƮڿУĿġ
ȻȻһ˾ͷħ⡭⻹𣿣
ԶʿȻ
ϣħӿպ¡¡죬ʮͷħը鿪Ѫɿ䶯תۼ϶Ϊһ۳ڤħĵһԴ졣
鵭Į˿䣺㻹һΪţ
ǳƽȴʹöڤħӴɵ΢΢һ
࣡
죬ͫ޴󣬸ɭˣ׹ͬȼա
һΪţıԴ츳ͨǿƥֵܹʱȴƣңʩչʱҲǷǳãΪ֧츳ͨҪķѵѪǳ޴ʱ츳ͨոձ飬ּ
쿴ڤħĮһǰȥôˡ
䣬һΣ˲ʧһ̱ǳڤħǰһȭѹ¡
ˣ
ǿһȭձ飬زֱڤħϡ
ȭͷСȴǺˣڤħСħ
໣
죬ȭˣһͷɫԵȭȭۻʮɳһȦȦڤħ󣬺Ȼը
ۣ
һֱڤħըɫѪƮڿУĿģмѪڵϣֱӱǽڻ٣̵ǿʢ֮
¶â𣬵ڵڶڤħѪѪ⣬ֻѪʱһβСɱ䣬ΪˣҲ֪һĴĵرǿٱǶͨʿǶЧ
΢һ˲ֱϣн֯⣬ݻǿмȡڤħƮڿеĳѪ鵽ԼߣȻһٶȴʯȡһʩӳ֣ȡѪ뵽С
ʱ䣬Զһʿɫǵֱۡ
ڣȻڡڤħѪ
⡭
̫˰ɣ
ʿĿࡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ϱǿߺݣԼ뵽Щ૵ڤħǴ˵еĴףһ֣ѪҺһзǳ˵˲õϡڣǡ뽫ڤħѪĵرռ


1062 ڤħ
ڤħɵʮųѪҺȷʵͬһ㣬ӵо˵ʤĵرʱ֣ڻڤħֱӶȡڤħѪģȷʵҪ֮ϡռⶫȻ޷ڵǿǶƺȴǻãңպԽ֮طָѩҹǣҲǵøǿ
ңѪҩô˵Ƿǳ࣬һαֵ
ˣ
ּ佻֯貽âǣѪȫ뵽Ƽӳֵڡ
ʹһʿĿ࣬ͬʱȻҲʹڤħΪŭħ
࣡
δؾ۳Ǵ޴
ڤħʵԵţʼѪԣֱһ־޴裬Ƚļܡ
䣡
䶯һ㣬ͬʱϵѪҺɣѾȡȥѪҲӿԼԴٻҪǿн֮ջȥ
ĮһĽֱ֯ѹʵ⣬ڤħʹڵħѪٴαƽ
ڤħʱؾ۳ħٻȥڵѪ̲סͫøѪ죬йɷ֯˳
¡¡ģϣħ۳ڵħ٣ֱңÿһŶ̺Żһе۶˲ǳײȥ
ʱطƬռ䶼ڻζħ֮һжʴˡ
ɫ˿䣬׼Ҵ̼ǿʢ֧ţݻһаɶߵľ޴Ӱ漴וּһת콣Ӱ֣һ޴񽣸ֶʮɳֱһնǰ
䣡
һ£ϯǧɷΧٿħնķ顣
ͬһʱ䣬һĽƳն۵һڤħһֻն£ɫħѪͬ˰ļԶһʿԵ
ӰáðԵһ
˲
ϣʱݻ׼ҴӰӰڣڤħҪӴˡԴ콣նڤħһֻٴμܣǿмȡڤħеѪ
˶һʿ̲ס£ʵ̫ǿ̫ˣڤħ⻹ûأȻһһεǿԷѪ
ԶƺɵõۣȾٶһһ㶵ġ
࣡
ڤħŭ
ϵĳתջؾ£ϵɷøŨ졣
¡¡ģڳɱ⣬ħԻ˳ħӿ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ɱԱ֮ǰĹǿ֮࣬һжʴһɶ
԰ǿּȡѪʩӷӡ󣬼ԦɸߵӰֱڤħȥĮӭԷɱ⡣
ʱܹоЩħƺħɱĲ򵥣ԣܱ鵭Įȴ棬Ӱ콣նͬʱĴҲһ˳˿˿Ƶӿ뵽Ӱڣܼ⡣
ˣתۼѣٳķ򽣹ڤħħɱײһֱӽ֯Ļһƿµĵ绡̵죬ޱȴ̶
󲻶ãԴڵĽվǿһһħɱ顣
ﬣ
ЩȻΪڤħħɱײ˲٣նȴ˿ֱĳɱڤħС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һʱ䣬Ѫ䣬ڤħӴɸӡ
ɫԵúܵĮٴλ֣ǿмȡƮϵѪ
𣡡
ڤħŭХ
ҲؾۣȴǾпֲϢӶһɹڵħѪн֯תۼ佫ⷽԲڵĿռסͬһ㣬ŷУһͷͷ΢СħԻīȫħħ۶ɣһƬȫɢŻϢ
濴ȥһֱɵħķһжˡ
ǣ
ʿɫһ̽ԸоһɷǳѹֵϢЩ
ƺǶݣüⶫƺܵĴѹˡ
ȥֶͨΣӦúһһҲڤħ츳ͨ

ǰн֯˿˿â
ǰ¡¡ģڤħ۳ħâŷԲɵķΧɭѪĶ죺ڤħ򣬾У飬شѹƣ죬鲼ɷһͺħڵһͷͷħħ۶ɵ΢Сħȫɱȥɫħܡ
ޱȿ£ܵشѹˣ
Уӭ΢Сħѹϵıû˿仯
һֻһѣ΢Сħⷽħڵڤħǰ콣һɱն޵еһ
㡭
ۣ
ǿһֱӽڤħѪ񷡣
ͬһʱ䣬ڤħ飬סԲɵħҲֱɢ
⡭ڤħǳѹֵħôһҲûУ
ʿ󾪡
ڤħŭ𣬱ת۶Ѫɫͫס˸Ķ죬־ŭô᣿
ڤħԿ飬شѹƣһ鱻ڤħסʶȱǶ˥Ϊ򵥵Ķָڤħ򸲸ס죬ȴһҲûУ죬ûܵ˿Ӱ졣
ⲻܣ
ŭٴγڤħһ㸲˷Բǧɵľ룬һνУֱѹܵУصͣ
Χ㣡
Ƹǿ
ڤħУ⵭ĮĿڤħһ̣ˣŲ΢ΣһһӰתۼٴγڤħǰһȭ¡
ڤħڤħܿ£ȷʵѹ飬ȴǲûаӰ죬Ϊǿֻ壬ȱϺֶͬεڤħ򣬸ѹƲ𲻵˿á
ˣ
һ̣ڤħǰֱӽȭǿѹʮա
۵һڤħһαҵķѣɫħѪ˳ա
⡭ħǶû˿ð
ʿĲ
ǰϣڤħŭħٴλ۶еľŭŨ
С࣬ȻȻ
漴һһͷɵѪԻһ޶֯޾ɷħǻĹʱ׻걻ٻ˳
㣡
ͫ׳죬ɵѪգЯصħѹȥ
һʱ䣬⸽ĴΪ֮
ˣ


1063 
ɵѪˣƶڱգɷħâƺҪﶼɡ
һʱ䣬Զһʿ¶ɫʵڤħɵѪħӰ̫ڿֲˡ
䣡
Ѫѹ죬ǰ˻ġ
ӭ޴ѪϯǰĺڷĿ趯ȴʼûб仯Įûаҡ
ˣ
ֻͼʥĹâһʱƵӭֱתۻɣѪħӰӭϡ
ǣͼǡ
áǿ
⡭
ǰֻͼһʿľǺ嫵Ϣ
ֻͼʣ޴Ѫ죬ԼдϢת۱ֱײһ
һʱ䣬ѪâħӿʥϢƵƬռֻΪƬأֲһϢȾֲͬɫ񱩵쫷һܡ
˶ײҲ֪֮ǰЩ˶ٱƵʿһˡ
£
˲
ϣĿ⵭ĮڤħǿᣬȻΪ񽣸Ĵ˵䵽صĳ̶ȣƲȬڷصµĽƬķ˲ħЩɣȴӵôµﵽΣֻͼԷչѪҲȫס
𣡡
ڤħϵħâɷøӾˣŨħ򵴳ӿ뵽ɵѪ֮ڣɲǼʹѪɢ׳ѹȴء
һʱ䣬ֻͼ𶯣ڤħĸǿѪƵĺݺҡ
࣬
ڤħХ
񷣬ħâƣ˫һɱ⳯ɱȥ
ģɱ֮ռһƬƬѣմɰ顣
ߣ׼ҴչӰ֣콣תתۻһ󽣣ǰһڤħɱȫ顣
ڤħĿ⵭Į̧Ӱ̧֮ͬ޴ֱۣӿӿֻͼ֮ڣ˲Ϣʹֻͼ䣬ϵøӷܼ࣬ͬʱɢϢҲøǿ
ֻͼ
䣡
ʥϢٴαǣֻͼһ˲Ʊãѹʮء
ǿֶΣʹһݻǿͼ
һʱ䣬ڤħѪʱֻͼƵһˡ
ڤħһŭħħ⣬ٴ׳Ѫɫľ
ֻǣȴûʲôãĴӿ룬ֻͼһֻͼҲ֪˶ٱײǽѪɫڵڤħעӿħһ˿˿𣬷һ潫һ麮ڻ˰㡣
ǣ

ͷħħ򣡡
ʿ𺧡
𣡡
ڤħٶȴѪͫǾŭħâɷøǿ
ȫ߶Ѫɫʹ֮ٴͣɷ֯
ãסĴֻͼңһѺۿʼ֡
ܣ
ŭ
ǿıԴΪΪѪɱɣȴҪˡ
˫ĿѪ죬Խܡ
棬ڤħһƬĮ
һ̣һʹôֻͼøǿᣬѹ˻ġ
һڤħľ޴ѪԳܣֱӱ֧顣
ˣ
ֻͼĿһ۵Ľڤħ
ڤħתؾ۶
֣Դ߶콣Ӱֻ̧ӽһն¡
ۣ
ǿһֱӽո۳ڤħնΪأѪȾ쳤ա
ŭתٴξ۳֯ɷ
࣡
죬ͫѪ
ǰڷ裬ŶԷĿһƬĮ˵ܽſ£һԡΨһͬǣлߣһΣֻ
ͷڤħɱ㽫ɣܷŹԷ
Ż䣬һɸߵӰ֮ת۳ħǰ
ûκζĶڤħٴԴӰն콣
ʱוּһ죬Ҫ񷶼նΪΣٴνڤħ顣
ħѪ񷣡

ڤħͬŭ𣬷ɿؾ۳ħϵϢ̫ࡣ
ŭĶ죬ſڤħ棬գ졣ֱӵת¶壬һͷŵص߲ʹԴȥͬʱڴţһޱǿʢǿɵصµ߲ʹԴʱֻҪ̵߲ʹԴ·ܿ£սҲݵıǣȻԴ졣
ߣţȻǵһʱ俴ڤħеĶһӰ֮Ӷ󽣣һնûڤħ棬һĪĽǶʹôбϣŵر񷣬նڤħͷ­
ۣ
һǿնڤħ޿ɱܣͷ­ֱӱն¡
ʱѪٴη
ڤħŭħͷأһ𣬿޸
ֻǣһ̣ЯӰ̧һţֱϡ
һѪٽڤħֱӱ񷡣
쿴ŶԷפ㣬飬ٴοӰӽն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ӱ콣һδνڤħնڲϣѪˮ
һĻʹһʿ𺧡
ڤħżмصľףȻĶ֣ȫˡ
˲
ϣڤħŭ죬ɷȫ
ȫʢ״̬Ƕ֣
Ӵ󣬴ʱͬ˻
ϧûֻп϶ĿĮ̧־һնȥ϶ˣط
וּһ貽âĿֱӽڤħ֣һν֮նķѡ
ڤħŭٴؾ۳ħʵĿ۵ص߲ʹԴĿѪ࣬Իɱ㣡ԣԶˣͬڵڶ㣬ֱѡ˶ߡΪʱϢѾ˥䵽͹ȣ£ֻ·һ
ವһߵٶȼ죬ͬһڵ㣬һ˲Զ
һ̣ⷽغ֯Ľƣһʣ븲Ƕϣֱӽضǰ·ͬʱתۼ佫֮ơ
ʹڤħһ¶ݣû뵽ܻͻȻôơ
˵ˣһΣûߵĻᣡΨһĽ֣

Щƶ׽ƣ֮ǰڤħսĹап£һһǿ󣬵ǣٵΪ̳˺һƱǷʮٱס˵ڤħ̫ѡ
ŶԷһֻͼ𣬴ֱڳɴֻͼ
ʱʥǿϢֱƵϯϰ˻ġ
ڤħʱһ㡭
ˣ
ͷֻͼֱӴڤħĻ¡
¡¡ģͼˣڤħħٴα飬ֻʣһڵûɢʱؾ۳

ڤħŭµһηɶݡ
治ɫԦӰϣ̧ڱգֱӽڤħץУӿĴۼϣ֮̽ѹʹ֮һҲܶ
˵뱦ʥñʥܴ
Į
˻һʱʹڤħ͵һ
ͬһʱ䣬һʿҲɫ
Ҫڤħ꣬
˲


1064 
˶Ǳɫ뱦ʥñʥܴ⡭Ҫڤħ
⣬⡭
ʿ𺧡
ƺ̲סֱۣڤħǿǹżмصľװȴ׵δ̫ݳ˰ɣǺܺˡ
ڤħ걻ѹĻŭɶڤħڳһ֣ǿǷһȴȻҪֱǶ裬ңҲһֿ̡
ߣһƽ֯û룬ʱʹڤħһʹƺߡ
ƺûиԼڵĴڣҪģ㡣
˵
ڤħһѾˣ꣬ѹš
⣬Ǿ
죬ŭʣ㡭
ˣ
֧ŴӰʱӰڣͼһӿ֣âż佫ڤħֱ֣ӴϵԷĻ
ټ
Į
˵һͼɢĹâŨڤħǺݲ
ס
ڤħ𣬲һ̱ǲҽУʧȥ
Ļɴڣʶȴֱӷˡ
⡭
ˣ
żмصĴף
һʿһ֮ǰѾǿڤħˣûٷأɴ˿̣ĮԷʶĨԷĴڣɻ̲סļ£ǿǴ˵еĴסڤħ
Ƶۣ漴̲ס겻û뵽СӾȻѾǿȵزﵽս£ԽԽˣѾ֪Ϊʱּڤħʵ𺳲ѣʵˮ׼ʵЩˡ
ǰ֧ŴӰץűĨʶڤħ꣬ӰּӿڤħѹٴƷӡ󣬷뵽ʯС׼Ժʥ߱ɹĸǿһЩһ󣬵ܹﵽƷʥĲΡ
ͷӰɢȥĴɽص£ĽƬ
ۣһۿصףԴڤħڽƬħƣһֱ֣ӽصµĽƬץյУȻڡ
ʱƬ壬תۼʶڣ֮ϡ
˵һƬֱûУΪ֮ɢһ߲ʹ⡣
΢΢һ
뿪ҪѰطչأ
ƺ
Ƭ壬ʼںϣȴʱҸطޣչ
ү֪һεĵطߡ˵СϡѰƬĳʱ֪Щ˿̵˵ֱѭطĶλöȥǰ·
ֱϡ
ȻɣٶҲȥ
һʱ䣬ವƿһͬ㣬գʧԶ
ʱֻһʿļµһ뿪ķ򣬲˶ǲɵö¡
ǸˣȻô׵˴˵еڤħ⣬⣬ֱǡ
ֲ̫ˣ
˭ȥʲôϹŶƺֻǶʮˣսôô£
ڰһǿУƺû˵ôһ˰⡭ǴͻȻðģ
磬һˣƺƺֻеھЩŮŴﵽ˵İɣˣѵѵǾϵĳĴˣ
ʿ𺳡
ͬʱҲʿĴɽص£дϧ
ɢ߲Եıȡˡ
С˵
ȡ߾ȡˣΣǵȳ̶ȵˣ˵еڤħնˣѰƬ򣬹Ҳûܵסֻ˰һˡ
Աһʿ
⸽һЩʿҲǵͷЩȫΪ߲ʹԴɴ˿̣ȡ߲ʹԴȴǶֻˣһ˿һҪȥ뷨Ϊ˵еڤħ׵˰ȥ߲ʹԴǲȥ
̫ǿˡ
˶ԶȥķૣĴ˸

죬ƺ뿪ƬɽȺ·ʱѾ߳˼ԶһƬ⣬ܵǹľ̡
طԵİԵûҰطһֻ
֤˵
ͷֱһʯϥ¡
˵һʱʶе뽣ƬںϺ߲ϼѾǲܿƵĽ֯⣬ŨܺͰĵǳľˡ
һ
Ƶٽ̫ľתʼ߲ϼ⡣
ʱ䣬ʼŨĽɫԻӨǿʢ貣˶ȾһԡϵϢʼһƵϱǿ
ˣ
â˿˿ơ
ԼʶƬںϵķøˣҲˣֻǣȴɿֻܸоЩǳĲһ㡣
Ķ񽣣ֱȥʮ񽣽ȡõĽƬںϣ±ðͬʯһҲ
ܣ˶ٺȥ񽣣Ƿ֣ͬǰ㣬˿޹ԷʶײͲӦĺ
ˡ
գеһ䣬Գ˿ȥ
ʱڻ߲ϼ⣬̺͵âǳŨʼ߲ϼ⡣
ˣ
һʱ䣬ĽɫŨϢҲøǿ
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬Ϣǿһٽ㣬ͻȻ͹ȡ
ңⲢҪҪǣ忪ʼýӲطǿʼʯһɷǳҵʹ˳һֽҪǵĸо
ô£
һ
ͻıʣʹֱӶݡ
СӣڶˣģҪңһԱ߻ʱæڣ󾳽ڣÿһ̨ʱȥһ壬ʹʯﵮ壬ʹøǿʹüͣʹüӲʹʶʹô⣬Ƥһ㣬Դʹܹ׳ĳɳܽظǿˣŴɣɿۻʾ
ﵽ۷壬󾳽ڵ£Ȼǳʱ˺ܶ࣬סҪмǣÿһ廯ĹУ˿⣡ҪرģصģһСľпܵѪ֮ʯͱԴҲһʯʡǸʱ򣬱͵ˣֱ֮Ϩ𡣡


1065 ҷӦ
쾡ΧһȴǶܸ֪һʱȻĻʱһû뵽ڵлļ䣬һǰΣգһСģͻ
˵ⲻȴտͨʱĴɶ٣ϾȻǻԵģյͨɣҲһٶѣڣȴҪŴŴΣκһ⣬ᵼʿ˵Ǻܿ¡
֪ˣ
Ӧ
漴΢΢һܿԼıһƬƽȡ
ˣģϵϢԽԽԽԽ͹ȣǷе΢СʱпϨͬһʱ䣬壬Ĳֿʼʯ˫ȣţֱۣͷ­˿Ҳʼʯʡ
ˣԼʱ˻һʯ飬һ㡣
ؼ׶ˡһĨ⣬ƵСغˣ̾Բܵţʵϣ֮ǰѾµȡ߲ʹԴܻڶ仯Խط궼鿿û˻ҲǳȫʱǵýϾЩܲǻ¡
Ƶͷ˸˽⡱ƣȻһ򣬾ɨܡ
ʯϣʯϢ΢ʯʵɫԽԽԽԽ

ڰ򣬼λá
嫵ɽһһΡ뾪ˣȻһƬɽȺ
ɽȺУһƬƬһ𣬽ǽ̻Իͣΰе֮ˣҲ֪˶ôķΧУڷɣһڿУԶž޴ٲһֺȻƣͬǴ˵еɼҹͥ
ʲôƬһڣߴӰվһ𣬸Ѫǿһ˶Ŷļ꣬Ǻɱâȷûп
΢űڵļߴӰűܵη塣һ˲ûļңǾԿˣûпǸˣȷʵʩչͼ͡ͼǰǸʩչһû
겻Ǳˣǲǰڤ龧Ǽꡣʱϵһˣһ٣ķ˲ʱ䷽ǸϻصңʩչͼĴΪµĸϵ̫ˣǰһ˾ʩչһĴնɱƬˮ֮ϣǳԪˡ
ǳأڵļҴУгҵļгҵ̫ϳϣʱɭȻǳǸ˽һĴնɱǳҵĴʵ̫ˣնǳҵĴ
ˣη壬ȴǺ⣬ȥôȺԽԽŨԽԽң׼һڿµľֶΣҪ˳ַ֣ɱǸ꣬ϧ֮ȴһֱûǸˡ
Щӵڤһʩչ˺͵ǸնɱһĴǸһͨʱǵĺɱֱӱߵ㣬һĿ¶׹⣬һɷ壬ͬһ
ȷţߣֻһһͷޣû˸ţ
Ҽʵ
ȷȷһ˵˿ȥʮ꣬߾ͣһͷ޺һˡ
⻰ҼĿɭȻɱͺͫвϴת
СҲǸ꣬һУǵ˵ĺ˵ĵӣ
ץסΪ׼õǷУ˳ڣֻҪУǵۻҲһҪնҵȻܽǿȡ
̶
Ҽ䣬ʹڵ¶ƺ˲½ʮȡ

ڤޣش
ʯϣѾȫʯʣǱ˵һʯ㡣
ڴˣʯʵһҲܶϢø΢ˣ·ʱпϨʹ䡣
ͬķ򣬾עܣͬʱҲȻһֱڹע

ڷǳһֻҰҲûУ΢紵ҲĺƬռ졣
תۣһʱȥ
һºʯʣϢԽԽѾҪоˡ
һ壬¾Ͳ㹻ˣСӣôôã
üЩġ
תһ룬ôλٶûҪһµƺҲʲôŵüͷֱ滺˿ٵˡ
ˣתһ¹ȥ

һ죬ʯͻȻ䷢һ죬ʯϣһѺͻأ֣೤
漴첻ϴԽԽѺ۳֣תۼ鲼ʯ
ңͬһʱ䣬ɢŵԭѾ΢ϢͻȻʼȪ緢㣬̼Ǵﵽһµĸ߶ȣĴضҡ
ɹˣ
ʼʯоɢǿϢտտâ



һƬռ䲻ʯ岻ϱ飬һʯƿڵϷɻҡ
ˣֱȥʮ컯ʯʵȫѿƵ¶ǣϢԵøתһƱԣ·һɻԱ塣
˫ۣУâһţ漴ʯԭվ˫֣воâ֯ʱΪһشﵽڶأоԼѪ⣬͹˼ǿʶ꣬Ǳǿ˼ࡣ
壿
̲סоâ֯ȭͷ
һ̣оԼһʱǿ̫̫࣬һǾȷǳ
Ա߿ı飬Ȼ֪ʲô˵ôСӣоǿ˺ܶɣȡԡ֮⣬ÿɹһΣʶȱͶмսȻ֮һ޴ı仯ҲΪˣÿһСʵ඼Ƿǳ޴󡣡
ͷɹһκᵽһ㡣
յ壬ĺôȻͶһġ
ƿ˵
ȷʵ

ָӦԼı仯漴һƽ
΢΢һΣȡһƵһƬĳѪҺƮ˳ţƮƵǰڤħѪӦöãһ
еźСĿռȴǷǳڤħѪҲ٣װУʱȡһݷָ塣ƶǴ죬ڤħѪ壬ӦûЩá


1066 ʥ
ڤħѪƮڿУӨ죬֯һܡ
ȷʵǺܷǷ
˵
ڤħɵʮųΣۣ൱Ƿǳµ壬ҳǴ壬ˣѪҺȻͬСɡ
ƶԴΪȻѪ̺ļֵʵǺܸߣҩ
ϽɣΪǻ
˵
Ƶͷ¾ԭؽڤħѪʼ塣
Уǵڶδﵽ죬ұҲǺޣԣڤħѪȻЩãʵ̫֮ʱķӦҲͲԣƣʱѪ壬ת۾Ͳɵú˳ģʹѪ⣬อȺڷɿıǿ
ڤħѪзǳ˵֮壬оҵ˺ѸУ컹վʱԷһЩѪմȾ壬Ͳ㱻ڵĿʱʶ߲ʹâ壬ʱԳܲˡƵûǰǿѪʱķӦȻʹһЩ
ʱڤħѪ壬ⶼеѪâ֯ͬʱϵϢҲǿȻ̶Ⱥܵ΢ȴվڱǿ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
һ̣ȺѪϣǿ˼֣ΪҲӣҪﵽ벽ˡ
̹
ƺȻЦ˫ճȭͷ£¡һ졣
°͵ĹȻѪҲͦ
쿴һһЦ£Ȼ΢ڤħʯȡ
һʱ䣬һɰܽ֯طʹøĿռ䶼ƺҪˡ
漴һΣƷʥ߱ɹУһʥ
ʥСӣȻȳ̶ȵıУǰʱһϾʥɲѰ󲿷ֹϵǿ߶ûʥ˵ţǶݣе꣺⡭Ҫʥ֮ǰᵽʥʥܣʱͬʱʥĳȡȻһ˲ͲµʱҪʲô
һߵ̧ͷ죬˫տտâ֯
ԡ

ʥԿʹƷܽʵһȵ
ַȻᣬǵһطַǳΣûпӡʲôƣ˫ָԽ֯â̫ľת۷壬ʹʥ궼Ư໥俿£м俿һ
̼䣬̶ʥڤħഥʱһƵ绡֯ʹܱߵĿռ䶼Ť󿦿١
棬̫ľתĸ죬ѹ˵ʥ߱ɹڡ
ʱһ貵ⱬû˹幭ңкɫ绡֯
Ⱥɫ绡ڤħ̵ıԴ¶Ե֮ǰĨڤħʶȱԴİԵȷʵǳǿᡣΪ֮ΪҪʹʥø£ȱԴΪؼġ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ɫĵ绡һƵ˸֯ڹ⣬ʹøĿռ䲻ͣѿ
Ա߿һĻжǲɵþâԵúܳҡ
Թżмصڤħ⡭̫̼ˣ
˫۷⡣
ǰźɫ绡֯ŵʥоǲǿʥצӵʥгɳΪȱ챦ʱ
ˣ
࣬˫ֽ֯һƽɫ⣬Ҳתһûʥڣڤħ꣬ʹȵķֲڣ֯УʹùǿʹùұͣʥϢڲš
ʮ󣬽Ҳ˿ʹһ֯ٵʥڵڤħ꣬ʹ֮ٵ뵽ʥڡ߱ɹɢϢͬеĿˮڣطһɹǿʢ쫷磬ƷĹľʯ顣
ϢѾﵽƷʥĸ߶ˣңڳԵǿ

߱ɹ֯ɫ绡֯⣬ϵøʥӿ
ı֣أ̫ľһת߱ɹ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
һ죬һɼΪǿϢӿ߱ɹϵϢﵽһǿʢٽ㣬âҫۡڰУнâƣħ⽻֯ʱʥʱԵʵƲ㶼ɢ˲٣ոǺ¡¡Ϊ֮졣
ˣ
һտտâ
Ҳʥɢӿʥľ
Ʒʥ۷弶Ʒʥ
Ƶֱۡ
Ҳʱڣ˵ôһСܳɾ׼Ԫ챦ˣ
춢Ưڰյ߱ɹȻĸо˿̵߱ɹı仯ʱ򣬴Ʒʥ۷弶ƷʥҲ֪֮ǰǿ˶٣ӱʥǿ屶ţΪԦȫµʥȫһ֮£ɱǿߣԺ⡣
ԵãһƷʥ߱ɹƮУһμʶУƯԱߣʥ㽻֯
߰ɣ뿪طˡ
ƫͷ˵
Ƶͷ˫ĿŹ⣬ߣ̫ɸȥһҪҳȡһȱ챦
Ƭشǳߣһ뿪òſɫֲϵҰ޵𶯳գкŨ֯ڿС
̫ɸү
ôѰڤޡ
ѾѰĽƬҲûмҪȥ£ң̫ıչжҲЩȤȻһѰ
֮Ǻܿ̽Ѱգȴǰ̫ɸҲûҵ
ģң
ĥ
бһۣ̫иۡôҳ㵱龧أ
СҪģѰ˰ʱѣʲô

Ʒ˷ۣ漴ߺһһ̫ɸ
ȴҲǷſѰ
ﬣ
ͻȻһ̶ĽһâֱǰλãڵرһĽۡ
漴ವƿԶŵӰ֣֯żǿֻתۼͿ絽һǰ
ŵӰһ꣬˶ߣΪǿ󣬶ǴΣѪͬǺһ㡣
ҵˣ
΢˫ۣ⼸ϸо˺Ͳǰ龧ǼһѪϢֻǿ


1067 ɱʮ
о˾ǳҵˣо˺֮ǰǼһѪϢȻҲһоˣϾǵΪҲ
һأأأĸأƲСųҾˣɱͷħҪΣնˡǰɱڤħԭǷǳֲģȻΪܵشʵ䵽ֻˮ׼񣬳Ҿ˵ȴԶ˵ħ
Щ鷳ѽ°ͣʵСӣⲻǴأԳ⼸ˣû˿취ҲֻпˣϾһΨһһﵽεˡ
èֻ
˵
ֱĴָүϲŵӡһأأأĸأǿˣȴǰèȷʵǡš֪ŵʱΪ칻ǿ
Ҿ˿絽ԭͺʱġèֻ󣬱ǸӱǾ˶ǳҵĸ߲㣬Ϊ͵ĶǴ죬ԸڰȴһȥŶʮ˳è
һʱ䣬ϵĺⲻĽ֯ҪƬռ䶼ס
ģ쬵ģ

ҿľˣǿߣɢ⣬Щˡ
оɺо˾ϵĴ̹ɱ⣬ȴǲ⣬ϾҲǴˣ΢΢ۣҲǳҵļӵܺͷϵһ˶ѣǳұоŸңƺǿһˣЩҡ
ôһ˵ƶһ㶣漴¶֮ɫȷ첻˳ҼͨɾӵܺͷϵһˣȻ˳ңҲԶԶҳŸǿ߲Ŷԣˣȥǳһǿһˣʵ͸¶һЩŹ֡˵˳һμ̳ߣҲóôĶŶԡ
ҾĿɭ߳Ϊһļ죬һչֳһģһϮɫۣģ㿡ʣˣʶɣ죬ҧ˵仰еĺǳ̹ǡ
ųҼģʱ䶯ݣԱߣҲǱɫ
Сӣǡ
в죬Ȼϳ˳Ҽʶӻе˭Ӣˡʦ
ע⵽ı飬Ҳע⵽ı飬ʵʶˣǰʦԣʱȻЩ档
ͷһ˲õ콾˽ܣ
ƱǵۣദѾµʱ䣬Ѿ֪һЩ£֪Ǹǳǿ֣۷ʱѾҪﵽۻʾˣһ֣ȻԳҼչʶӡе˸衰˲õ콾˽ܡۣʵȡ
Ҽ죬Ȼʶ
ͬһʱ䣬˸ߵĿøɱʮռ䡣
쿴ˣ֪ʦʲô
ɵ˿Ȼǿ˳ʶϾƹңдԹ
˲Ϊ˳ǼӺͷһˣΪ֪ϾƹЩϵֻ΢΢˼ά뵽ЩΪλ֪ԼϾƹйϵΪϵʱʩչӡ꿴ˣ⼸Ҳǡ֪ϾƹһЩ£ǼϾƹʩչӡǻصң˳ҵĴǡ
ʱ򣬳Ÿһ
ƶݣСӣˣʦ
ǵһʦ¶Ҽʦģһ˲õ콾˽ܣȻЩԾ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҿ˵ʱɭ˼֣еɱ̹ˡ
ʩչͼǾ˲µ϶͵ɱǳйϵǺˣǵӣ֮չӡҲҪȷ˵ĹϵǵϤֹϵɱȻŨ
ȻǸĵӣ
Ҽҧ
һ̣죬Ҿڶпµӿʮ
ԲڵĿռ䣬ȫ˷ˡ
ܺãǳãһ˵İ˸ߣǳҵ̫ϳϣһ˶죺ѹ㣬Ǹն꣡
΢΢ۣˣȻҪѹȻΪϾƹɱϾƹ
ԱߣסˣһϷʵĿųҾˣǳɣǸˣɱۼʶϾƹľһˣ׼նۻʣҪǣϾƹ˰ѣΪĳЩ´ʱ䶼ǷϣɾΪˣϾƹɴﵽǵȸ߶ȣŽҲѰܹ֮ȣңȻҪϾƹɱϾƹ
Ҳôҵİɣ
ҾĿɭ֪ǸĶǿΣѾ׼˾ɱ֣ķ޾ͨۻʣҲնɱ
ϾƹǿǳȻ濹⣬ǾԲǶ֣Ϊ˻ɱϾƹ׼һУֻҪϾƹ֣ǾɱУоԵİնɱϾƹֻҪץס죬ھɱΪնžϾƹȻɱϾƹ
˿̣Ҳ˵£ΪǾ˺ˣоԵſѹһУѹˣԣ֪ҲûʲôˣԺǻֱɱ޹ؽҪƣҪն죬ֻҪӡʶھУҲȫõй¶ɱֵ£ǵļƻ˿Ӱ졣
ЦƺǷǳţʵϣȴǷǳ޴
ɱ֣ͨۻҲɱǣʦϾƹͨĵۻ
Աߣ쿴ų⼸ˣ΢ۣƽǺʦԹʲôԹ
ڳҾҪѹΪնɱϾƹ⣬Ϊ֪Ͼƹǿ󣬳Ҿνġͨۻʶɱľ֣ûм͸˵ġͨۻʡҲܸоǴвڶͨۻʣ׻ɱصۻʵϾƹԣֻһ裬ҪԴвϾƹǼֱǳ˵Ρ
˿̣ų˽ʮռҲη壬ֻǶԳҶϾƹ̬ȷǳ棬Ҫʸ
ʲôԹôʣҾ˵ɫɭһжǼźɱ⣬Щ񣺡Ĵ壬ǸĶˮ֮ɱ˵ʲôԹ
ԣʱһ䣬ɫֱӳ꣬ˮ֮ǿϼһˮ֮Ǹ壬ǳҵˣղţڳҾᵽҪѹնɱϾƹʱûʲôӦʱҾᵽ£ֱһɺ⡣
ǰڵϾƹնɱһ壬ʱʹϾƹսôģȻ֪ϾƹѰղлΪúȥˮѰˮ֮ϾƹյҪļ֮һҲʱиסϾƹҪȡϾƹǧѰˮ֮Դսһ
ǳңܺã
ųҾˣɫ䣬ɫ⾶ֱͬ嫺һ㣬ֱӳƾ˷סʮռ䣬һɱȾ˻ҪֲɱƵء
ϾƹһصˣϾƹĺգʦȻҲصˡ꣬ϾƹΪţǷ˰ԾƶգòѰյĲлܹ֮꣬ɳҵĴȴҪǿϾƹյˮֻ֮ϾƹµʱޱȷŭΪǸӦóƺΪʦŮӶϾƹжôأʤ
ʱϾƹѾ˳Ǹ壬ʱҵٴǼ£ɺܷŭ
ңϾƹۣ
׹ǣ
һ˳ȥֱӻӶȭ
໣

쳹һͷ֣һͷɻ˳ͬʱҾ֣ȭʮ졣


1068 նɱҼ
ӰɻӰͬʱƣȭ֮ʮռ䡣
ʱ䣬Ҿɫʱɢ̫ǿˣǵɱ֮ԶԶǵԤϣĵһ̫ϳҲݡ
ˣ
һͬװĺ쳹գճƬ̮񱩵ȭء
ҾŴǿ߸Զ֣ȫҴͨ볯칥ɱȥ
һʱ䣬ʮɲһ໥ײһֱϯһӿķ籩
磡
ҵһ̫ͳ
ô᣿
Ҽ¶ɫ
컹ôᣬȥҲͶʮѣΪȴѾǴﵽ߶ȣЩšҪ֪ǳһǿߣƬһһˣΪҲŽֻǴھѡ
䣡
ɫӿ񷣬һȭºһȭ£ɻ˱øǿ
໣

ͷһʼңǿ
һΣ첻ǽȫֱ֣Ӷ׼˳Ҽ
ʱ򣬳ҼʧĲ׽һ˲
ֻɲǼѣɻһڳҼͷ
Ҽɫʧһ̳ɱٶ̫ˣһ˲ǰܶˣû˿ᣬֻܾӭ
ֻǣΪȭȭô׵ֵ
˵һ̮Ҽֻüһƺ߱㱻һȭķ顣
ף
ͬеļ̫ϳϱɫͬʱ֣
ǿеġסȻǳҼ
Ŀ䣬һչʮһƵųҵİ˸̫ϳӭȥĳҰ˸̫ϳȫ
űĳҼһͼ̼Ի˳֯ʥϢʹܵĿ΢΢ܷӡһУС
Ҽ껹ڣһٶؾʱʩչͼһʱǱɫ㡭ǳļǵõϾƹͼʱƣֵֻһǷһУնһĴ壬ʱ˲ؾֱˡ
Ȼ͹ٶȣֻ˲ѣǚi絽ǰ
ˣ
ͼɫâ貣ֱѹ£ҼС
һʱ䣬ǿӿʱʹóҼҽͬʱȫ⣬ͼ΢΢
ҿ
Ҽɢӿܡ
ͬһʱ䣬ǰ˸̫ϳϱٴγ
Ҳʱһͼ̼øӳңڶĶΪȫ߷ֱѹҼеķѹ

ۣ
ҼҽУܿʧȥֱӱͼ
ף
Ұ˸̫ϳϳͨѾչȴûܹʱϡ
ǚiܣڼ䲻ݷܿˣʮԶ
ҼѸײڶ֮նɱ
Сӣݰ
Ƶۡ
һˣôһת۾ͱնˡ
Щȣֻһ˲ѣһ̣ƱǾͶָϾ컹һʱնɱ䵽εڤħɹһδﵽڶ죬սɱˣȻǲʲôѶȡ
죬΢ЩɣСӣôͻȻôͻȻ仯Ǻ档
꣬ҵǸ壬ǿϼһʦˮ֮

˵ţϵŨЩ
ʲôʱһ䣬˵ϾƹһЩ£ΪǷϰҲǸʦŮӶϾƹźεҪ壬ҵĴ壬ȻҶϾƹյˮ֮ųҰˣǸˣȻûǳң
Ұ˸̫ϳϾŭ˫Ŀɱ⣬ǳҵļǵֱϵˣȻôնˡ

һŭ
¡¡ģɱӿִȫֱɱ졣
Ϊҵ̫ϳϣ죬ʵǳǿᣬٶҲǳ죬Ƕǿʢ˲ǽ֣Ʒסʮռ䡣
ӭˣĿɱ䣬һʥ߱ɹֱӳС
וּһʥնһ̫ϳϣֱסң״۳һ֧߳貼ʸɫħâͬƣܵպ¡¡죬մѷһӿȥ
Ʒʥ
壬ˣ
ˣ
̫ϳɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ҵ̫ϳȻҲǲеʥĿ£ûаԥֱӺˡ
ϧˡ
ݣ
ƿյʱɿң߳ļʸֱƵ貵ĽɫͰԵħâգۼǳɱҵ̫ϳϽǰ
ۣ
Ѫˮʥɱʸӳҵ̫ϳϵüĹᴩֱӱͷ­ͬʣҲһ


1069 ɽ
ѪˮƮڿУŰɫԽһʱʹĳ˽סˡ
ֻתۼѣɱǳһļ͵̫ϳϡ
㣡
߸̫ϳ־ŭû뵽ȥŶʮ쾹Ȼôǿ󣬴ﵽΣңȻƷʥȿ
ƷʥȻǿǳңҲֻһѣĵ̣ƽռһֱڼǼѵĴѲŻȡڰ򡣿죬һȥŶʮˣȻҲʥ
ˣ
صٴζˣеʥ֯һʥ⣬ǿʢ¡
ɫĮڶǿӿһϵսء
ϾƹصˣΪ˺յţʼǷϣ̫ϳʱб;Щѹ֣ΪᵽϾƹЩ飬£űܡԣϾƹѰлʱǳϲϾƹˮ֮ʱǳŭȻϾƹѾɹ˺ɵ𵱳ʱɺʮ㡣
ϼһæΪʦﱼûǳңڣǾȻҳ嵽ǰ¡

䣬ֳʥٴҡ
ɱǣΪӣ
һʮռеתۼڹ۳һ֧߳ɱǿʥͬһֲķ籩ϯϣ𶯰˻ġ
ɱ׼һ̫ϳϣһɣ߳ʥɱֱ
һֱˣʥһ޴Ŀռֱӱ
һ˳ҵ̫ϳϡ
˴죬ӭһҲɫ䣬亮ˣǿٶȺƣһ˲ı䷽򣬱ܿһ
漴˶죬ϣһϣʥǿҪĻᣡѹʥڡ
䣡
Сģ
ǿʥͳ̫ϳϵԶҵ̫ϳϱܿһʥɱԶı䷽һ̵תأɱ˻
ʱҵ̫ϳɫ䣺⡭
ۣ
Ѫ˽ߣҵ̫ϳֱӱ䱬ڲϣķѣҺͳҵ̫ϳһͬҲһ
ʸı䷽򣿣
Ƶۡղһҵ̫ϳȷȷʵʵǱܿ˵ģһȴתɱأʹʵڲ졣
ŹļʸˣǱǿ򣬲ȾĿ֮Ѫݣ

ʹ˫۵ɵĸ˼֣Ȼסˣ
棬һʣ̫ϳϣһ̣ɫøѿŭɶ
ôһת۵ĹǳңһУһķ顣

ҵһ̫ϳҧ
ǲµϾƹĹϵһ㶼ûӣֱӳŸǿһ죬Ҳţһ׽ѹȻĽȴˣǾˣȻת۾ǿ߱նɱʧ̫ˣ
ɶǳ֧
Ƕˣ
˵죬ǳǿˣֱӳɱȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģƬռ䶼Ϊҵһ̫ϳϵƶ
ŭ⣬ɱ⣬⣬һ֯
˭һգһ˱뿪
䡣
ûаĶֱһ֧߳ʥɱ۶
ಣ
ǿһգۼ
ҵһ̫ϳȫ⣬ֲͬĴ໥ںϣγһ־ɱĵƷʥ߱ɹɱײһ
ʱ߾ײĵ绡⣬鿪
СӣȻһ
Ƶۡ
ղһожǿɱҵ̫ϳһҪǿϲ٣ȴ㱻˵˿С
ϾΡ

ˣѾǽ󾳽߹˴룬սȻǳǿ
棬ҵһ̫ϳ϶죬Ŀֱӿ˳ȥ̹ǡ
ϴϣһ֣
⼸У˵
ɱ
һһˣֱն
ץסǣã
伫ŭҲˣԺƵǿ򣬳ǰɱȥ
һʱ䣬ų̫ϳһɱٴν֯ң˱ƣǴ졣
ƶɫһ䣬ҧģ
ﬣ
̶쳹˻ģֱӽ콣߶ޣɱɳ裬Ƶĳˣʹ˲òܣΪɱȷʵǿ󣬳ɱϢն㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ٴһֱ״ԼĴ
һΣĶǳ죬ʥɱһɱʥ磬춯ء
ҵһ̫ϳϱֹסŲɫһ䣬ǼִγһĻܣԼǰ
һεɱɲǸղһ֧ʥɱɱȣĴһղţǿ屶
䣡
ʥɱᴩǿʢʥƿһУҴϵķ򻤶ܣ۵һᴩؿڣɳȥǧԶݺײڲԶһɽϣһĺ
ͬһʱ䣬һɱ˸ѪȻû氤һȴǵȿֲɱ˵อ

ǧ⣬ҵһ̫ϳϴоŭûһȥ
ѭŲҽȥĿ䣬Ƕݣʥɱᴩҵһ̫ϳײɽüͷ΢塣
ͬʱҲһݡ
ԾСӣղһɱƣ󲿷˳ϻϣҲԽɽŶԣǣǴɽȴ˿Ҳû𡣡

йŹ֣
Ҳڵ
ǧ⣬ҵһ̫ϳϱĴɱ飬ڿն𡣲һʱȴǶס·ĴɽǡղţʥɱУײڴɽϣϡоһɼǿĵ
䣡
ʱǿʥٴӿվǧ⣬ٴԲҡ
оԶɽĲһ㣬죬ʱ֪ʲôȣҪնɱ˵ˡ
ңʮٴӿͬʱĴҲǷɿ뵽ʥ֮ڣ۳ʥɱ
㡭
ҵһ̫ϳ϶ʱɫٴμɱһ
ɱ
䡣
䣬ɿңʥɱƵɱֱɳƬռ䡣
תۼѣһǺǧɾ룬ֱӱƵҵһ̫ϳǰ
һǿᣬɵҵһ̫ϳϴæĴɲǼ䱻飬һըϡ


1070 նȫ
Ѫˮ񷣬ҵһ̫ϳٴըֻǿ

ҵһ̫ϳ־ŭ
ԭأɨһԶɽû˿Ķٴ
˵һֱӽֱ״һ֧貼ʸγɣ¡¡
ҵһ̫ϳû˿⣬ֱӳɴ֮䱸ɫ
Ҳʱļͷֱı˷򣬶׼˳ҵһˣΪҵ̫ϳϡ
ʱ˶ɫ
ݣ
ƿֱֱɿ˹ң߼ʸٶȳɱϡ

ҵĵһ̫ϳؾ۳һĻ󣬵ǧس塣
ͬһʱ䣬صĳҵ̫ϳϼæͨ⡣
ֻǣһ̫ˣң˶ΪһǶųҵһ̫ϳ϶ȥԼķߣŰҵһ̫ϳɱȴ룬쾹ͻȻıɱķƹˡ
ಣ
ʥɱʸᴩһ޴Ŀռʱתۼҵ̫ϳǰֶη۵һš
һʮ㣬ܱȲɱҵһ̫ϳϵĴɱǶص˶ԣȴǾɱֶΣҵ̫ϳֱһ䡣

ҵһ̫ϳϺ˱
ԴȴǺ޷Ӧԭأٴʥ
¡¡ģң״һ֧ʥɱʸ۶󣬹Ĵһ֯۳ɱ׼ҵһ̫ϳͷŶ
ݵһɱųβͣͬǰҵһ̫ϳϡ

ռֱӱǱˡ
ңһųԼҲˣһһӰƵ˽ǰ
ҵһ̫ϳϼֲһĴӦĴɱ߼ײһ𣬽֯绡⣬͵죬ٴαҵһ̫ϳϼִ򣬱ֱᴩϣƵĳҵһ̫ϳæˡ
Ҳʱǚiٶȣ嵽˳һ̫ϳǰ
ǳҵ̫ϳϣ죬絽ǰʱɫæҴͨɱͬһʱ䣬Ա⼸̫ϳҲһ֣ͨɱʹӿ֣һӣѹ¡
첻ܣֳƷʥʥ콣ն콣⣬ͬʱҲһ֧ݻʮ󣬽⼸̫ϳ֧һͨȫסһȭҵ̫ϳϡ
໣

ɻ˳ͷӴӰԻֱҵ̫ϳס
ҵ̫ϳ־־壬ֵּͨϧȴǸס
ۣ
ѪˮĿҵ̫ϳϾֱը
۷Ϊ߶Ļȭ˱ɱ־ˣɱһȭ´
ߣ
˾ŭ
ǳҾŴǿ߱ȴһնɱˣ
ԶСӻһصʱ򣬾ͽնɱڤħڶأɹһΣ۷弶Ʒʥ֣֮µˣмֵˣǵھЩŮ
Լĵ͡

䣡
̶صǰĴɱųҵһ̫ϳ׷ɱԼʶ㣬۳ҵһ̫ϳܣ޷ܵɱ
Ҳʱٴ״һӿ볤׼˳һ̫ϳϣֱɿҡʱʥԾɱ֮Ƴǰȥ
˴죬ԭŭɱǳһˣʱӭһʱ伹ˣæǿͨ
ͬһʱ䣬ȴҵһ̫ϳϵҲֶ֣ӭɱһ

һŭȡƷʥɱĻᶼûУһֱڱ
¡¡ģʥɱʸֱᴩһ޴Ŀռգ۱ǰ
һ˼ֱͨӱɱҲһ
Ҳʱƿյǚiֱӿ絽˽ǰ˶ɫͱ䡣
㡭
ﬣ
̶Ʒʥʥն콣ʽͨɱѸײڶ֮Ʊˣ˶Ǳ޿ɱܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըƮϣĿġ
ˣͬʱն

˴𣬻
ֻǣȻĻᣬһֱֺӽֻͼʹһתڴֻͼ˵һסݺѹ¡
ϣס֣
Զҵһ̫ϳϻĴʸʱطһĻŭ㣬һеĳ
ߣһʥնͨնĳҴϡ
וּһһޱǿᣬʹóҵһ̫ϳϸовòǿֹסܡ

ҽʱ𣬳̫ϳϵ걻Դֻͼǣȫֵȴûаãһֱ̾ҽһƵĽ塣
ʹóҵһ̫ϳϸǾŭ۾ˣǲһеĳɱ
ˣûᣡ

һֻͼ貵⣬˲Ϣǿʢʹñµĳ˵ݺݲֻüʵĲҽб顣
ˣ

ҵһ̫ϳ۱鲼Ѫ˿˽ҪħˣԹΪףҾŸɱΪһǿľˣǼ֧ȴǱתۼն˰ˣն˴ң

˵ͺǰʦˮ֮նһĴ壬طɱһ˴ǿߣʹó˺޵ļ
ǡ

䣬ӭųɱһ̫ϳϣֱϣƷʥ콣ӡֻͼֶһչ
ЩǴƷʥӳ֣ǸǿᣬټϻһʼǵδĴɱֶϣҵһ̫ϳϾܴҲԵֵܿ㱻ѹƣ貵ֻͼѹӡͼ¡
ǳ׼ʲôľ֡
䣬֪׼νľвϾƹȴ뿴һֱûҵһ̫ϳڡ
Ϊǳҵĵһ̫ϳϣҵǿߣʶбȻƵĴڡңѰĶҲǳҪأǶԷʶƵĴڣҲ˶ըвԣȻûаʣܿѰһȽεڣӡĴɱһЩֶΣڶͨۻʡ
ƾ⣬Ҳвʦ
Է̡
ҵһ̫ϳ־ŭֺֿޣԹĶ죺ʦͽá
ˣ
ֻͼâʢֱӴ˵Ļ
һֻͼѹ۵һ֮ķ飬


1071 ̫ɸ
ҵһ̫ϳ걻ΨѪˮڵϣԵôĿģǴۡ
Ƶ߹аСӣŸǿߣȻô׾͸׵ˣ
ƷʥڣҪһЩ

ʵϣҲȷʵˣڶغǿ࣬Ҫ׵ɱұľˣҲȷʵףϾ졣
οǲ͸ˣ˸̫ϳϣǿȫ˸ɾǡ
ҡͷ
󵽣ڳ֪ԼһļͰ˸̫ϳȫ󣬾Իᱻ־ǡ
쵹û£һΣƷʥ߱ɹʶУǰǧɽ
ȥ￴
˵
ղţԴɱᴩҵһ̫ϳϣʥɱŶԷײɽϣǴɽȴ˿ҲûһѺ۶ûУʵǺ졣Ҫ֪ʱһԽһͨɽŶԡ
ߣɽȷʵܲһ㣡
æͷ
Ҳд⣬֮ǰҲһ㡣
£һֻתۼɽ
ûгɣֱۣɨɽܣ󵱼ŨĵƮڿУԷγһǳǿϽ硣
нϣǿĽ磡
˵
ûۣεϣΪʱǿозǳҷǳǿڴɽ⡣
ƿ𣿡
ʵ
ԱߣҲ졣
ӦÿԣҪķѺܳʱ䡣
˵
Ҳԣ۶ǰĽ磬ֱӽһת
ϣȻɵɣȻϽ磬ǾҲ󷨵һ֣һǿ⣬ȻЧ
ˣ
תһĻâ֯漴ǿʢҫۡ
̽ǰǿĻܶʱӿǰϽһ
ʱ͵Ĵ컮һƵ绡Ի
һʱ䣬εϵԻ˳û۵ҲԿü
Уе
ݡ
ҲǸо޵ǿϢ˵ǳǿĵ
Ȼǲһ㣬ңԼ䣬ڵ˻¡
ѵǡ
΢΢ݡ
΢΢ûʧ񣬼һ۶ǰǽԼĴҲһ֯Ļǿϡ
תۣʱȥ
һ죬һڵĴһƽطǿϣǽƽչڻһѺۡ
ʱһ΢одһºͶϢ΢΢һ
ϢǵۻϢңǷǳŨĵۻϢޱȺ嫡
̫Ĳ
¶ݡ
û̫
ۡ
һһ໥һۣõľɫøŨڣԼһЩ˷ܡ
¶â棬̫չص
һʼӴطǿʱʶеΪ֮һ£뵽ᵽ̫ɸʱͲ²̫ڤϵıչֻ֮ǲȷ
ʱѿһ϶ǿ̫ȫȷˣط̫ıչضΪȳ̫ıԴ̫һǵۻʼ̫ƺҲ̫һ˶ѡ
ߣ
Ƶ
ʱȻֻǳһѷ죬һ˵Ϊɹ͸ѷûϺ磬ʲô£ֻǺܼ򵥵ֶΡ
Ϊףһһ٣ֱ⣬͸ϵѷ죬ֱû뵽֮ǸǿϺԻΡ
ȥϺһƬ֣ûʲôرĵطΨǳŨ
ӦǴɽڲڣǰߣһЩطӦ̫ıչش
ûǣ
˫۷Ź⡣
һƬΪȥȻæϡ
Ʈŵ΢磬Ũ̫ϢҲŨ󣬵һ˴аӺǰһߣ棬һʮ־˵ĵ̡
жʱһĨâǶ̫ϢŨңе֯
ҵˣɽߣ̫ڤϱչصڣ

ûаɣһתۼǿ絽ɽ߽ǰ
Ʈŵ̫ϢӴŨǿңȴǷǳºͣûиһȥǿѹȸС
ߣȥ
˵ȳǰɽȥҲæǰ
ɽڽ֯кǿĵȴûʲôʲôƴڣһ׾ٵıǿ뵽УɽС
ȥɽĿռ䲢󣬵ȴҲСһʯһʯ̨϶֯зǳ˵̫Ϣзǳصĵۻʵ̲
һɨӣɽ߸䷢˲ٶǷǳɢҵ÷š
֧ذסǣƷʥ
Ƶۣһץһ֧糤ĶذϽ֯еʥ
ʥ
Ҳɵýгʯ̨ԱʰһѳǹʥƣһƷʥ
һߣ춢һ䣬ץһǳһƷʥ
ʥĿн֯һƾâоʥǿ
ã
ɵðԵ
Ʒ߱ɹԶ빥ɱǿٵõƷʥʥսǿʥҲˣ˵һܺõ¡
ǹӣ׼ʥ
Ʒҩֶ꣡ȻҶ̫𣡡
Ʋʱе
ɽڣ䶫٣ȥܼ򵥣ֵУȴľûһǷƷһƵĲеͭܣҲһƷ
̧֣һһٶǱУͶΣúץһʵڴʯֶ̣ʱ䴫һɾҵĴʹУʹʯ̲ɵֶڵϺ󷢳һ죬ȴû˿
Сӣôˣ
ƫͷʵ
Ҳע⵽ߵ쳣Ҳ˹ȥ
ûʲôץסһĶһʱʧ˳ȥ
˵ŵϵʯ̣Ͽӡ硣
ʱֶЩ飬ʹޱȾңתһСĽڴСʯ´ӵʰһΪ׼û֮ǰǰ㱻ʯ˵֣û֮ǰ־ʹȴֱЩ顣
ʯϵ磬ɫһ
ƺһڵۻʼεɱ̨ϵɱȴǷǳȱɱʮ֮һʯ̣еŨȻˣһۻʳڵǿߣӦҲûʲô⡣


1072 벽ۻ
Ļͷǳͬ
ﵽڶ죬и߶ѾǺܸߣΪһǿĿʦȻܹĲڰСʯϵЩƵķǷȻȱĺɱȴ˿ڴڡ
һھǿĴɱ
Ƶ۵
ͷӦ̫ʱ̻֮ûпӡȫ˵ţ΢΢һΣڴɱ̨ʱС÷ʯУԱʹá
ҡҡͷĿɽط۾һЩĶ֣˲١
һߣջҲʥҩȶУȻǺܶࡣ
תۼ䣬ⷽɽڣʯʯ̨⣬˸ա
ȻûлԪ챦
ƹ档
֪㣬ܹõʥѾǷǳˣջ񡣡
˵
ʥȲεı󲿷ǿ߿ɶûУÿһڶһء
ƶ죬һָҡҡЩɫĵνˮʹߴߣˣҪд־ôΪʥ͸е㣿
죺
ɨܣطȷʵûɽߵһǽȴܼĿ̺ۣǸֹϵķģϽ֯һɷǳĴ̡
Щ̺ۣвɵһƾâ
Щ̺ۣǳ򵥣
Ҳ⽻֯ʣ̫һչصأЩĿӡӦ̫ʱϣдֵ
Ŵǳ֮ܳˣʮĥĴ˵ֿ̻һЩҲӵзǳĲοֵǱ˿Ϊ
ԴͬУЩӡ˵һȻ뿪
ƶͷĶʯڣж
춢ǰʯڣʶӿֻʯϵЩ̺۷·ǻһ㣬һӰƣǻȭȣնһɷǳ˵Ĵ̽֯μ䴩޿ռ䣬ûʶڡ
ˣ
ʱ΢ֶ
ⲢʲôЩ̺ۼӵĵ̸һЩϣʱ򣬶˸⡣һƽռʱһЩײ͸ã㣬һ̴඼ͻأȻʣڵ˶ʵĸ˳Ȼֶ
ͬһʱ䣬һߣˣֻǲʯϵĿ̺Ƭ̼ѣҲâ⽻֯ңҲڻ
һʱ䣬һǳɽڵʯϵЩ̺ڣԺרע
ˣת۱һ¹ȥһɳ֮У֯Ũǿ˲١

ڰڤԵ󷭹졣
طռһӰϢĳ֣ӽһƬ䡣
ҵˡ
һѪâңеĵ֯ţʮռҡ
Ĵڤޣ˿˲ʧԭء

ʱһΣǰ¹ȥ
ڤϣ̫ɽڡ
ˣ
ɽڣĽɫԽŨܵɽ߶ԼȾһɫ
ԱߣϵĹâҲŨʱޱƽ˰벽
֮󣬵ֹȥʱ䣬ǿʢĲȺⷽɽڱ
ˬ
е
ҲŴЦϵŨ
ӽµһ̣һһǿ뵽˰벽Ρ
ʱۣΪûʲôԵĽȴһЩ
н֯âʱתĸ˳Լ͵ƿأԾøӵӦ֡
˰ɣ
ƣȻоһһΪ仯
ˣ򵽵Ķˣ˵ǰʯڣǾ⣺治̫µĿӡͿ˽£Ϊһأ
ҪȻôһֱò˥

ʯһۣ߰ɡ
طһ˵ջǺܲףתĸ˳Լ͵ƿظӦ֣򶼴شﵽ벽ңǻõʥʱҲʱ뿪ˡΪطõĶǶѾȡС
ߡ

£һ뿪ⷽɽߣʱ·ܿߵɽıԵ
طǿϣӦ̫裬ˣѣǴߣȴǺܼ򵥣һһֱӱǿ˳ȥ
߳ǵҲûжɨۺ󷽵ĴɽֱӳԶȥ
ˣһǱгԶܵĵƱúƽ̹
ҵˡ
ͻȻ䵭ĮϢ䣬һӰһʮɿ⣬ΪһߣĿԵú䣬ƵѪâң֯һɵ
ʱ䣬һǱ΢䡣
е
һݣȻǿ˶Էⲻơ
춢ˣ˲ͨԷϵϢ֪˶Էݣ񳯣΢΢ۣ¶һĨЦǱƵļ𣬾ȻѾа벽ۻˡ


1073 ɱն벽ۻ
ͻȻֵĿ䣬дһǿѹȸУֱ졣
ʵĵȷʵǰ벽ۻʣĥо˵ǿ󣺡ģ⹷յ񳯣ȼﶼˣ
Ƹղ񳯣ʱĸֱ֣ӵۣ񳯣ǸɱˣĻУܹоĳǵһе񳯴ɱѾΡ
Сӣɱ˺ܶˡڣЦҲǳصģ⼸꣬ٵһ߸ɱ־ݵ㣬ɱǲٳ󡣡
ʲô
ֵۡ
˵ɱ֯һ˽⣬ʱ˵ĻʱЩľ˼ı顣Ҫ֪ǿ񳯰Ȼαܹ񳯵ĴɱңѰ񳯼εľݵ㣬ҽЩݵͳͳʵ𺳡֪񳯴ô꣬ɱĿ꼸һɣʧܣѰݵһٵ£Ǵδ֮
ˣ
棬ɱ
һϮۣӵĮ䣬ͬʱҲĿһϣȻҪǶ졣ǰڰһ񳯾ݵ㱻٣ٴξ壬²ֳˣǣֱа벽ۻʼɱֽٵƬ磬һΣҪκһ˿⣬ѹĨɱ
춢ߣо˶Էϵĵܻѹĸ°죬Щʹȴû˿ηɫ෴䵭
񳯣Ҳ֪ɱҶٴˣϧһҲ޷ɹ˵һΣҲ⡣
񳯵ɱֱ˿䣬Ŀ䣬飬ͬɱ¾

ֻôһۣ漴̧𣬽֯ŵĴ˲Ϣڱθ죬ƺƵĳѹȥͬʱҲһС
ʱʮռȫһ̣Ƭռڿӡ˿µķһ㣬Ϊֹͣ
ѽ
Ĳ
ǰ벽ۻʼǿߵһƣ溧ˡ
Ҳļ£һƣʵЩˡܿ죬뵽ĳ£¶ϷʵЦ񳯵ɱֵϰ鳣ģ
µ˲䣬ԱߣһΣһڴʯ̳Уעһӭɱ̽ĴֶȥԼٶȵֽӡգۼǽӡɣеĮ³һ֡
䣡
ʱƬռ𶯣ƴӸֶɱ𶯾
۵һɱ̽ĴֱըѪȾ졣
ǣ
һ˲䣬벽ۻʼɱ¾۳ֱֱۣɫ
һ̣춪ʯˣɱԻԲڵĿռȫУһʱ䣬ȡһڵС֣˵ɱӿϰ˻ģҪضһ㣬š
ʲô
񳯵ɱ̲סеУʱ¶һ˿㤡
ʱɱͻȻ֯ǵɱ̫ǿˣһ˲ˡ
ɱĶ
˵
ʯ̣֮ǰ̫ɸõǿʯ̣пӡвȱĴ󣬵ȴ㹻ǿ󣬿նۻʳڵǿߡʱһ벽ۻʼ֪Լ˵סֱӽⷽɱʯ̼˳ȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģƬռ䶼ɱ⸲ǣܼɱת۶
ɱ
˵
ʯעһȻƿأʱɱһӿȫ׼񳯵ɱ֣ͬκ˰һѹϡ
񳯵ɱȫ⣬ӿ𣬳һǿķݣȴ˲ͱɱնңɱϣֱը
˴𣬵ӿ
ؾɲǣɱûֱӽ֮ǡ
۵һѪˮ䣬һը
ȱɱû˵
һ
ôֿ̫µļʣɱҲ㹻ˡ

һɱƺƵĶ£ٴѹ񳯵ɱ֡
ɱ־壬۳ֱӺˣʩչ֮ߡ
ֻǣһ̣ʧˣɱƸϰ˻ģգҲˣ߲ȥֱӱ˻
䣡
ɱܼһ£۵һٴν֮

˻ٴؾ۳ϢȻ˥˲٣־ŭֿ־塣
ԭأǵĮһʼ˵ˣһΣɱңǰɱҵЩһ벽ۻʣҲᱻɱ
⻰£ܣɱøӿһƬӿԷ
һʱ䣬ճƬ̮񷶼Ϊ֮ɫ



ɱƽ֯һ¡
񳯵ɱִʩչ񳯵һڴ֮۳һǿػĻһھ޴ӽԼǣһ֪ǿƥ
ֻǣȴǲûʲôãɱ£񷶼ƺѹֱɱ۳ķӣ󿦵һ֮顣
ͨۻʶɱһ벽ۻʣΪֶܵס
̡

񳯵ɱٴδһ۳ֻϵϢ˥౶ʱѾ·΢еһƻ磬ʱпܱ
ǣ
һˣҧгݣǾ壬ͬʱŭ֮ɫҲޱŨҡ
춢ˣһƬĮճʱȥˣ
ɱһɫʱֻ࣬оݺݳһƣģ⡭
䣡
ɱӿˣֱӴ˵Ļ
һܣɱ⾶ֱѹ䣬ɱҪ
۵һɱֱ޿ɱܣһαңһУʱھؾ۶ΨƮһߣǾǷŭ
䣡
ҲʱܣɱƷΪ貵⣬ֱʮ
תһǿĻΪܵĲȱɱƴ߶£޾ɱۣںϳһɱ󽣣֮š
һֱ׼ɱֵꡣ
ʱɱһֹסĶ£еס
ն
Į³ôһ֣漴ɱ󽣾ֱѹ䣬¡
һʮռΪ֮ѣǿһֱӽɱû˸顣
ʱ䣬طΨһɳƮڿУ¡
һ벽ۻʰôˡ
˿Һ


1074 µһݵ
ƮŵĻϢ벽ۻʼǿߵѪˮڵϣ㴥Ŀ
벽ۻʣǶȴ˵Ҳǳսһһݺһˡ
˵
ʮ򣬰벽ۻʼ˲٣ҲԲ࣬ǾϵĶȼҲûжٸÿһǺĳԱһ벽ۻʣ㱻նɱ⣬񳯶ԣǸСĴ
ûʲôӦɨطĵطԶȥ
Сӣǽȥģ
ʵ
쿴ڤ⣬˵ȥƬһݵ㣬͡
ԭڰʱ֮񳯵һݵʹȥһݵ㣬ȴû뵽ƣڤѰҽƬ
ʱϣƬҵˣ̫жҲҵˣûбҪϣ֮һɱִɱһǰ벽ۻʼȻ뵽Ƭһݵ㡣
Ƶۣ֮ǰ˼񳯵ľݵ㣬Ȼ֪ľݵλã죬һ˼ı顣
ûпڣЦŵȻʲôˣȻ֪
Ƶַۣ˷ۣû˵ʲô
£һֱڿ뿪ڤޣٶȲ죬Ҳܿгһξ룬Ƭһȶλȥ
Ǵݵ㣬򣿡
ʵ
ԡ
ͷӦһ
£һٶ˼֡

ϣδ֪һƬڣһڣ޹⡣
ʮųϣϢʧˡ
һ
󣬴ڣһƬĬ
⣬һƽ֯
ʮϺʮһȥժͷ­
һԴ

ڰε
һ뿪ڤޣԼʱһɽС
ɽƽһͷͨ޶紵ʱɽĿƮԵЩ¡

졣
طôҲһݵڵλð
СҪƭǵ鱨׼ȷĺܣ
˵
ǰɢһЩ֦Ҷ󷢳֨֨
תۣӹȥ
ʱǰһƬԲǧɣ߸֧Ŵɽȵෲ׽綼ţʲôĵɽ䡣
ʱһ洬վڴϣԼʮͷˣĴкС磬ǵɶأ
תתأ
ûڣʵ
ǣأﲹ
һ
ۣǻء
ͨϰû취
Цŵȥܴӡ
Ȼµ˲䣬̶̧֣콣âֱն裬洬ϵ˽ʳƬѪֱȾƬ档
һСӣʲô
бһۣСʵӲãͨϰռү˵ʱһԾıҲûУã𣿡
һ㶣漴ݡ
⡭
һ룬ȥ㣬޷ǾǱһһͷɵһſ˵ղȻûа㷴ӦƺӦõ£ȷʵǳˣװġ
ʱڿնжһ֮ǰڤ̫ɸڵõƷʥ֯ʥʥƽ׼طĴ̧־һնƽ棬¶һޱȼ̵ϡ
£Ȼнϣһ漴Ƕݣ뵽طĿģ·񳯵һݵ㣿
Զ׼ЦղװˣȻ񳯵ɱ֣Ϸ̽Ѱھݵߡ
ﬣ
ʱٴλӽնһĽ´֮¡
漴һһնڴµǽϣֱӱⷽϡ
ߣȥ
˵
ŲһΣֱӿڡ
٣
ЦһһҲû¡
ģɱ񳯾ݵˣǡ̼
Ҳ˽ȥ
˲䣬նһǵϣϣȫϵĴƬˮԴֵ档
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһգۼѣʮӰӴڳˣо˾죬һʮͨǿߣ֯ŵϢһڷ
ʮˣԾŸǿΪףĿͬһ㡣
ʱɱ֯Ƭռ䶼ԵЩѹ֣һɷƶ
ѵĻˣɱɡ
˵
µ˲䣬ֱӶˣ˲һǿǰеƷʥն¡
һٶ𣬱еʥ㡭
ۣ
Ѫֱըǿߵһն飬ΨǱĶ˳ȥӭһɲǱ鿪
ߣ
ط񳯵һɱֽԴ󾪣ֻתۼ䣬쾹ɱһǿߣΪˣ⴦ݵΪǿĴڰ
ӡɱ󣡡
˴
⴦ݵڣһɱȻ֪죬ʱʮͨǿ߶ֱ֣ɱƣ֯޾ɱƺܱѵС
һݵ㱻٣ҵͲµҲѰΪǻû׼׼ܼɱˣҲɱ󣡡
һɱĵ
仰䣬طɱͷӡøǿңˡ
Ըͨû⣬ǶԸң̫ˡ
Į
ʥ߶һͬʱֱۣӿĴֻ̧һնĺĵ㣬ֱʹɱ
һʱ䣬˽ɫ䣬Ǿװɱͷӡ󣬾ȻУһͻٵˡ
ڶ죬ôĵ£ⲻܣ
һ̲סг
̧֣ٷϻʲôն꽣Ʒʥƴ߶ֻһǳǰֱᴩüģʶڵֱ
ڤϴﵽڶ죬ս̫ɸʹþøǿʢʹ˳ˣսȻһЩԣʱ˶Ե治ʲôһͿԾɱ
СҲϣ
Ц
˵һڳһڳ̫ɸڵõһƷʥֱӽ֯ʥ⴦ݵڵһͨɱնȥѹƬ
Ȼٲү
ƺȻוּһһѶذҲ֮ǰ̫ɸãҲһʥʼһǽܼ֯ʥɱ⣬ʮ漶ɱ֡


1075 ̨
Ҳʥһʱ䣬ʥһǿʥֱѹƬռ䣬ʹ⴦ݵڵһɱֽԻ֣̿Ͼʥһ֣ɲǼ򵥵£ǵǿʥɱֱǿ߽һС
ǣ
ɱɫ࣬־ŭ
Ʒʥһǿ絽ڵ˽ǰ콣âһն¡
۵һ˵ը
ΪƷʥ콣ɱˣֱͺвһ㣬ɼ򵥡
ﬣ
ûʲôʥնܼɱ˰ϯϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һʱ䣬ɱֱնһ˲
粽ϣһǿǰʥһֱ¡
˵ģֻͬᣬ۵һ㽫صɱնķ飬Ѫˮ춼ǡ

һߣҽĳʥ𶯣ոƬɱֵ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƽذ߶һ콣⣬һƬ벽ǿ𣬻ƬѪƮͬҲһС
⴦ݵڵǿѾûмһ̸ŭѡ
ֻǣȾŭı䲻κ£һ˳Ʒʥɱᵵ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪâһƬƬըһɱֱնɱڽ¡
ʱֻǶס⴦ݵڵϵˣǽƣʥʱʱնһɱй⡣
Сǣ
Ц
ʥžˬ
ҲЦ
ƷʥʱһǿߣֱӼʽԵĽâһһԾֱ˵ͷ­

ҽͣ죬Ѫˮһը
⴦ݵڵ˶ԣһɱûܹס죬ƵĽŲ
ҳŹǵģ
ŭ
ƫͷȥʲôҲûУֻնһ۵һն
ﬣ
䣡
һĺϻص
ˣӺطð⴦ݵڵ񳯵ɱ֣һȫն˸ɾѪˮĿ
⵶
Ŀ̫ɸѰǱʥ֮뵽ʶ
ƽذǰʮзŹ⣺˵񳯵̸еĺܣһݵܱȵһ޾µĻۣߣȥ
ͷƷʥĳʶУǰʮȥ
ƸϣѰûñҵһѻܵĶѷһѶ龧бҩбġ
ģȻʢ
Ƶ
ǲ

ֻɨǷ֣龧ǧȲ٣һЩҲǼ࣬ȵղҲ֪ǿʢ˶ٱ


һͬʱ֣Ƭ
һЩ龧Ľץһ龧ӨˮʯϿӡܼƺ͵ۣʹԶݡ
ı飬еˮʯ̨˼ۺ󣬱Ҳ΢΢һǣĴ̨
ִ̨
ͷ
Ĵ̨ǳһĴҲӵСȻˣ˵ʵֻΪ࣬Կ̻ˣͼֵԣʵҲʲôϾⶫṩһ˿һսֻһ͵ʯ̨ѣңֻʹһΡ
һΣֱӽ֮뵽ʯС
ڵĶܿ챻˸ɾúҳһЩĶȫٰӺŽչ˸ɾ
ջķᰡҪǴһʲôģЩֱΪˣڵھҲŵڶεĴȥ
ĵ
бһۣ̫ˣЩ봴һŵھڶεĴȥĴţô򵥣ſɲǽһЩԴܹҪǵػкܶ࣬紫йƸ͵ͽȡ
ûȥھ򣬶ڵھֲôȴҲֽ֪ܻھĵڶεĴԲƬĳҲȲεĴɲ˵ܴĳеԴԶԶġ
Ʒۣү˵˵ѡ
ƬռƮźŨѪζ쳯ɨһۣ漴ջĿ⡣
וּһͽּ콣ֱһͷնȥϹᴩһĺˮ¶һεա
߰ɡ
˵


1076 ھ
ƿһһڿնת۴⴦ݵڿϲ񷡣
ȻûжϣҲתۼ˳ȥ
ƿȱɴڣûкˮû룬̧֣һâն·ϳױ٣ˮԴֱû·Уһˮˡ
߰ɡ
˵
ѾٵȻûٶıҪ
һ뿪ûãгԶ
ڰԵúϯһʱԵࡣ
˵ǽȥ
ʵ
룬Ƭڤ⣬ү֪һر𲻷ĵط˵ڣ˵ţ죬ȻСӣʱͿˣҪľ磬ӦúܿѰʱүСͶСһӦҲܳˣ
ȿ޺ãƴ֣漴ĻҵһЩֵĶĶӣſڣһŵı飺ڵСһ㣬С㡭ˣǷ´½һĶ졣
ðߣһƽɳȥ
ƵĻЦȴͣү·ţ
˵ţһֱӳλȥ
ɫƽϣȻҲǸһߡ
ˣתۼʱȥһйɽٶȸЩ
а͵
ͣ£
ͻȻ쿪ڣĻ
һѽǰץͬʱҲɨܡ
ߵͻȻоһɷǳѹֵϢһвС

һϢ䣬Ӱطһǰһ󣬽һΧм䡣ͬʱһƵƸֶ֯ޱǿطˣһɴ̹Ǳɱתۼ
һ漴ֺܿ춼ǸӦ˳ֵϵϢ
񳯣
񳯻겻ɢ
춢ˣĵ
ֵӰŻۣ䣬ȻȻĽ֯ŷǳϢļ¡ңͬʱ⣬Ҳŵĵۻѹ
벽ۻʣ֮ǰڤǿ٣

ģȼˣ
ĥ
벽ۻʼ˿ɲǺǵģǰˣƺѾҪ벽ۻߵյˣɢѹǳ¡
춢ˣ˲оǿѹȸС
ȻΪǿ࣬ҪͰ벽ۻʼ˶ԿǾԲܵģһսܵˡ
ɱ
ӰУһ˿ڣĿ顣
̼䣬ܵĵƷ·ǻһ㣬ֱһѹ£ͬʱӰһǰһ֣ͬʱɱ˹ȥ
һƬռ䵱һĴѡ
һʱۣǿ׽˵Ĺɱ켣ܵĵ۹켣񳯵֮ƺƳְԶܿһ
Ӱߣʱ죬жһѪâɫΪܿǵһΪ˿ʩչ֮
Ϊʲôᣡ
һ˺ʵ
֮񳯵ĺȴһһڴɱϿˣʹ˽Ƕݡ
һش㣿

ʱ벽ۻʣϵѹǳ޴󣬵Ǿˣȴ˿Ҳûη壬鵭Į
ĿһЩɱŨ
䣡
䣡
ɿ񱩵Ϣ𶯶ѹһķΧڣʹض˵ɱƺҪƬضɵ
һʱ䣬о˸ǿѹЩˡ
ѽ
ƾ㤣ë
ıҲǺأ벽ۻʼˣȫ޷ֵ
䣡
ͬˮԴ˰㡣
ط벽ۻϵϢøӿˣӵˡ
ѹҵԼ
֪ӶݣʮԲ˵ƣȻҲԷɳȥ
˵
Ż䣬һʱ䣬ϵϢ£ͬʱȥ
ٶ˿Ҳ죬ǣÿһ£ռ䶼Ϊ֮ݺһ
ƣҰ
ȻһЦһ̷պϡ
ѹҡ
˵
Ż£һһˮʯ̨̼両ֶϿܼӡ֮ǰǴǴ񳯾ݵڵõĿ̨
Сӣǡ
ˣ
ƶǰһ
ͬһʱ䣬߱ɫȻϳȡˮʯ̨ǿ򼶵Ĵ̨æͨ
ϧЩˣʱ˵һˮʯ̨ųҫ۵Ĺ⣬򼶵ĿռŻѿֱӽһû
´ټնǡ
Ʈ
ƵϢʧƬռ
ʱ䣬־ŭΪ֮ǰһ벽ۻʣپݵ㱻٣ԣǲûС죬طܼƣɱܾ֮ˣҶʱҲһԭžɱİյġ
ǣû뵽ǣȻпĴ̨ȴ̨ǳһ˺һֶθˣʧǰ

˵ͺĵĵһըҲ֪ٵ˶ٿռʹء

ڰޱߣһ˱ռŻûֻоϵһĶ
ֱ֮ȥʮ󣬺ڰͷ¶һƹһɴԺڰеֱӽ˦˳ȥʵϡ
ȥһƬޱĴҰУΡɽһһ缤һһʮǲ׳
ھ򣡡
һ
ûǵھ򣡡
ҲȻ
һʱ䣬һһǿ졣
ǵΪҲӦýƬˣʱá
˵
ǼˣǴڰ벽磬²ԼѾûʲôˣӦõھˡʱ񳯵벽ۻʼɱ֣򼶵Ĵֱ̨ѡ˽ھ
˵ţк֯һ⣬ȻЦСѡŵƬʱ򣬳νӦõƬһؼɣ񳯵鷳
ԣʱһЦ
Ȼ
񳯵ﲻΪ֪ǳأǴΧȴǺھھȻҪݺݵһ鷳
һôֱĻش𣬲ɵ÷˷ۣү֪ͣˡ˽죬ԣʱĻشһҲе⡣
ЦĸһЩ룬ֵֻǣƬǼݵ㣬ɶŰ벽ۻʼĿǰΪκβ˵ġ
֮ǰѰ񳯵ʮξݵ㣬ھĸλǺǿߴʲô磬ҲǺ˿̣϶ĳҪһ鷳һ뵽ľƬĸݵ㡣
ҡͷʱȥǼݵ㣬һЩ׼ȻųЩһԼǡ˵ţ΢΢ۣһһܶˡ


ʮһ ݺ


1077 ɽ
Ļı飬ƶǲɵ²ӣһ̣ǷϿ֡ӣ
Сӣ㵽Ҫʲô׼Ҫôһ
ƺʵ
ʱ֪ˣ֮ǰҪչأһ͵ƵúķһЩʱ䡣
˵
ЩɣȴҲûٶʲô
չصĻүط
ھϤǴƳŶȥ
ƬĻ
·ϣ˵
ͷǾͼ򵥽˵ȣھǳ˲ҲȲϵھ֮һһЩۻʼǿҲԽھ߱顣ҲΪ̫ԣƬ򵥵ıΪĸԶֱǶͱÿһǺޱߣ鲼ɸȡ
ǵھĻֲ֮һЩҪֻƬľŸֱǻĹ񳯣ལħڣʥأʥ̣ʵԼΪɽ
Уʵɽڶ򣬻Ĺʥ̾򣬲ལʹλħںʥλڱ񳯣˽ģһֱû֪һ֮ʲôطصĺܡŵŸÿһеۻʼİС
ĻЩ΢⡣
ʵɽ
򣺻Ĺʥ̡
򣺲ལ
ħڣʥء
Уδ֪ڵ񳯡
磬Ŵеۼǿ򣬲ǵھ죬ôһ㣬ƬоŸϵĵۼǿߣһ֪ĵۻʣһЩεģ͸֪ж١漴ʵǡ
Ȼ֪ʲôͷռǸãʵˡ˵ţͻȻЦ˵ûµĻǿȥʵһˣݰڳֱӵʵʲôģƬǾǿԺߣһЩ벽ۻʼ㣬Ҳõͷһɵ
ʵΪھĶ֮һϹʱնһųﲻƣﲻûм˻᲻¡һʵ֪һʵĸ磬ǾԻᱻʵһĴڸλ˵ŮҪ߳ܶ࣬һƬ򣬻ûм˸ǣͨۻҲõ
浽ʱ򣬿Ҳ񳯵˸Һ޼ɵĶԸϾһ˼Ƿӣ˭Ҳ
ҡͷû˼ˣ⣬ֻʶСϣûϵ
ۣ֪ô˵ʵɣүȥʵʲôģĲӾԺˬȻ㻹ֱӵ벽ۻʼ۷ʥƬĸݵ࡭
£ƴУĻ죺ʵ磬ޣǣʵ磿һ˼죬סˣھʵʣǴҲ֪꣬쾹Ȼʵ֮ĸ磿죺˰ôôᡭ
죬ʱоЩˡ
УһЩԭ򡣡
򵥵ûϸ˵
ɵۣð춼ûعǱסˡ
쿴һۣ
ˣ֮ǰ˵ɽôһ£⣿
ʵ
쵱ûҪȥʵһ˵Ĵ㣬Ҳһ˵ʲôɽһӲ뵽κУڣû˼һĵӴ߳ɽţǣȴû˻ɹһǿۻʶһܼɵдˣϽµӿɽ
ԣʱЩ졣
ܰɣôһ뵽κв̫֣ǣû˼һĵӴ߳ɽţƺܲİɣ
ü
ÿһ壬һʱ򣬶һֱںͼУҲ⣬λòΪ֪ڵɱ֣ضʱɳȥִдɱ֮ĥ£ɽ֮˶֪ȴǲ˼һĵӴ˳㣬ۻȴһܼɵʵЩ˵ȥ
ۣҪô˵أ


1078 
죬˵ɽʵǾúܹŹ֡ΪƬһôӺʹ߳ɽ¶û˼


ô˵ţȴҲֻԵһ£ԹԵҡҡͷ
Ͼʱȥ£ʵûʲôҪû˿塣
ƫͷˣھںδ
һۣıԵ
򡭡˫ۣĹƺ⴦
ɱ±Ĺ֪һԹһȴǺ䰲ࡣȴһֱһʼնš
һŴҰģ
ı飬ʱҲھĻĹòҲĴС
ƬǰΪˣҲһ˰ɡ
ĵ
ҵġ
˵
Ʋ죬û˵ʲôǽٶȷŵĸЩú뵽һɽڣѰһСɽȡ
طԵʿǳ٣չʲôģǺʡ
˵
ܣľԣʮŨƮţȷʵǺΡ
΢΢һ˫붯طһӡ¾žŰʮһƣϢȫͣ£һʯ
ˣ˵Ĳ͵Ϊ֮Ը񳯵ˣ
ʵ
ࡣ
ͷ
˵һ漴ֱڴʯϱۣʼչء
ﵽڶ죬ΪѾܸߣʱ뽫ˮ׼͵ˮ׼һС̨ףﵽ˽׿ʦͰ˽ҩʦƿظ󷨺͵УɱҪ̵ĲһϾڴǾŴ֮һʼ֮µռɱƴˡ
ˣ
ϥʯϣͬʱתһҩ䣬ʱеĹâ֡
һΪ߹žҩΪһǿɼʱͬʱתֱ䣬ϵϢ͵ϢʼΪ֮һƵĽ֯
СӣӡȻʵǸϹʵĸ磬⣬ǡ
Ա߶죬̲סһĥֱڻΪ¶ȡ
бһۣСˣپᣬҲʵ
Ҳ벻ܲİƷۣү
ˣ
ʱʯϣĹԱøŨϵϢøǿʢ

ھһƽԭϣͻأѿӰѷп
ˣȻ֮ǰڵڰΧɱ񳯵벽ۻʡ
뿪Ŀռ䲨ȷʵǵھˣ
һ˵
ҳն
һ
˸ŻۣĿɱ̹ǡ
벽ۻʼǿߣϣһʼĵƷܣȴȻûһڶʿ

ھԵɽɽڡ
ˣ
ʯϣ͵â˸ʱʱڣʮռ䡣
һҩеһͬޣյĺܴ죬ʹû͵â˿Ҳ壬һͬˮ׼ϢԽԽŨ
Сӣе̫ˣүǾþûĶ
̲ס
ͷһ㣬ȻͬС
ڱչزǰѾطӡʮټطΣȫϱû˿⣬ԣһһʱҲԵúУԶԶһ߿
ˣ
ƣģϵϢ͵ϢԽԽǿԽԽŨ
ˣһתۣ¹ȥ
һ죬Ϻ֯ɷǳǿȴ˿ͬϢֳһƣ֯һӡʹÿռ΢΢Ϊ֮
Զƶǲɵһʱ򣬶Ϣ
ʱ䣬Сӣ͵˷Ծ
ۡ
˿ҺԾ˺ܶ࣡
ʱֻڱչжѣûпʲôȴѾƺ͵ӡ֯˳ɲһ㣡ƾˣǲϤҲܿóʱϺ͵ϵһ޴Ľ
ʯ̨Ƶӡֱȥʮ󣬷ǻɢȥ
漴һ̣˫ۣУâһš
˽׿ʦ˽ҩʦ

µʱ䣬תһҩ䣬ʼվһ͵϶һͻƣ֮ϣԴﵽ˰˽׸߶ȣҲ˶øǿЩ


1079 ٴ
ϥʯϣ΢΢˸ŵľǱƽ
Сӣˣ
ʵ
ˡ

Ʒۣ˼ǻû£
ͷҪķЩʱ䡣
ֻǽˮ׼ҩˮ׼һ̨׶ѣĴ͵ʱȥ͸СñĳһͨʱҪȴﵽһΪſȥУĻǿвȡóɾ͡
ٵһ£һ¾ͺá
˵
漴ٴαۣʼʶвɱ
ɱΪ˫ɱ֮󾳽նɱһһĴСΪﵽΣٴοʼռɱȡҪɱƿصĸǿ֮Ը񳯵ɱ֡
ˣ
ɱһתеӨ⡣
漴һ̣һ˵ɱڵҪȫն
⡭
ԶƸɱ̲ס¡
ʵǣɱֲ̫ˣ
н֯⣬ǿʱڲɱ󣬱ϾɱͿ̻ɱ󣬶ɱϢѾϤ
ɱԽԽŨˣ

ǰʯϣ΢˫ۣĻԽԽŨɢɱҲԽԽǿĿռ俪ʼһıѣʯ̵ķ顣
ˣʱһΣʮȥ
һ죬ϵɱҵ˼㣬·ǻһɱͬǻԴȪĲԶƶǲɵһݺ˿Һ
ȶʮǰʱϵɱǿʮš



ɱ£ռ䲻ϱ飬ضΪ֮ζ
ģӡطʮʼһ飬Գǿɱ漴ȥʱطʮȫ鿪ǿµɱֱɢɽ䣬رסһѺۡ
ԶЩ
һ𣬷ɿԶˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɱƵɽڵķ޽ɪɪ±ӡ
âƣʶвɱʱȫ뵽һľ磬ԺֻһƷµ˸һȫûע⵽ҲΪˣϵɱԽӵĴǿᣬøӵͿֲ
ģڲɱ󣿣ɱǡ
ļ¡ֻǲĹоôǿɱ֮֯ӡǸõöп£նа
û˵ʲôֻǾĿ졣
ˣһۣչȥ
һ죬ϵɱŨҵһߵ㣬ﵽһ壬ʹ÷ԲǧڵķΧܵ˾޴Ӱ죬رϲһѺۣһľǱˣ޵ȸ˸⣬е¶ȶ½ʮȡ
Ҳʱ˫ۣУâһţֱƬա

³һϵɱ˲Ϣͬˮȥת۱ƽϢ
ԶƼϣֱ˹
ô
ʵ
ϣˡ
һЦ
ʮʱ䣬ΪͰ˽׿ʦˮ׼ɱʱƿɱʮ֮һ
ʮ֮һһµĳ̶ȣΪǿռɱ
ʮ֮һɱΪӡв벽ۻˣ
ˣ˼ǣ㻹Ҫ
ʵ
ҡͷãֱƾС
˵ţʯеඦȡ˳ͬʱȡѵĲϣֱӿʼơ
ɽ˽׼ĵҩΪһֶɫζΣʿƻʿʿ꣬Զ˵Դ
˵
ҩΪҩʦһ߹žΪҩм֮ĵбжɽһֶǳ¡ҲΪˣȵĵҩƱȽ鷳ҪһЩĲϣ
ƻ꣬Զ˵Դôţ
Ƶۡ
̲סЩ죬Ҫˣɽˡ
ͷİ˽׼ҩ
ȡඦתףһһͶɽĲϣ׵Ļ漴ҩڵĲϣһһʼڻڶġ
ˣ
ɫĴ׻ڶ͵֮ӵЧ콫Ҳ˿Դ׼ȷԣϾɽĲϺЩռģɽĲȴҲǺ٣ǰٷ֮ٵĳɹʣ֮ҲֻƳöȵҩÿһҪضԴ
ľ
һۣչȥ
ռ䣬ɽʱʧΣöȵҩ
ˣ
һ죬վҩʯУлһĨĹ
ʱ䣬ںˡƿڣ죬ʲô
Ȼ׼ս
Ц
˵ţѯƬλõľȽʺϿӡɱĵط
ڵھǱȽϤģĻȻҲ֪Ҫʲô
طԶĵطһݲĻʯأԲǧɣӦúܷҪ󡣡
˵
н֯һĨĹ⣬˵ͷ
ߡ

£·ֱ뿪ط
ˣԼһʱһ˳һƬȽϿʯǰƲ̫ƽ̹ӿݣȷʵԣݲһʯɢҷֲš
ʺϣ

죬ʵȻСӣҪɱ񶾵
ӡɱˣɽ񡣡

˵ţûгɣһ̫ľһתƬʯأӡһɱƣÿһɱʱʹÿռɱ
ɱɱɱʱҪֲ˺ܶ࣬ʹƲɵһ£ϲɵЩ亹ˡ
衭£
ӡ
תһʩչַֿԽԽɱƽ֯漴䵽Уʧˣ۾Ŀӡɱֱȥһһҹͣ£طӡʮʮ֮һɱ
ˡ˵΢΢˫ۣһˣط
˵ţкһʱ뿪طԼٿ絽Ƭһʿܼĵط򣬵͵ڰ񳯾ݵʶӻǿֶκʲ񷣬ԻʿҰС
ͬʱЩʶӻע񳯵ǣ쵽ھˣսӣ׼ף
һʱ䣬ڣʿɫ
񳯣Ǹޱȵ񳯣Ȼؾݵ㱻ˣ
죿ǣǸ죡ǰ²ֶδʶӻƬٵ񳯼ξݵ㣬ֻٵ˼
죬ϵھˣ
ʱأǡٴս
⡭
תۣΪ֮ڡ


1080 ϵһս
ǰ콫һ򵽵񳯾ݵĳʶӡھϣʱõھΪ֮𶯣ʿʹǼסˡ족֣ΪԹѰݵսʿûй˵һΣˡ
ʱأٴδӻֻٵݵ㣬һս֮⣬·ȻֻһŰ׵İӶѣһεȼǰһڡ
ңΪҪǣһΣ챾˿˵ھ
ˣܲ˾
Ͼǿ񳯰ھΪصĶһɱΪĹŴ뢣ۻʼǿ߶һ˺ü˾Ȼս񳯣ǰƣʵסˡ
񡭡˰
ʿļ¡
ת۶ѣͬ˳תۼ
һʱ䣬˳
ǡ
죬ĵȻǸ񳯣һۻʶնü
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ʿȡ
ͬһʱ䣬񳯵һɱȻ֪¡
죡
ҳ
ɱ
һδ֪ڣ˫ɭȻ̹ǡ
ݵĵӣĵӣȫȥѰ٣ʮϵʮ˳ϣȫڽѰأ
֮ڡ

ʱһѾ»صƬʯڡ
񳯵Ѿյҷˣأ˶Ѿʼˣƣҡϲ񷣬ֱӺƵһǿϢڣǵص㡣һ̣û˿䣬ǿϢֱӱ¶Ƭϣתۼ䳯˷ȥԶ
ʱ䣬⸽ʿǸоǿϢȫĿ˹ȥ
Ϣǣ
ǡ֮ǰЩʶӻϢǳƣ
Ǹ죿
죬Ǹ򣿣
Ǹ򡭡ǻʯأ
û
ʿݡ
ʱѾǾۼΪڶ񳯵ɱ֣Ѱ졣ǣһ̣Щ˶Ƕס˻ʯصķ򣬸ĿɭȻ
ʱವģһƿЩ񳯵ɱʯء

ʯڣϵϢɢʮ漴ν¡
ƣ̫á
һʯϣ¡
ԱߵۣСӣô¶Ϣ½һĵۻ𣿡죬ӡطɱȻǣԲܶԸ˵ۻʼ˰ɣҪһһۻϲǿɾֱˣ
СûӣΪƬĶ֮һۻʼﶼһڼĴڣһֻٻ֮ʱŻ֣ôֻΪҪɱһʱʿ˳ǻ񳯺ܶ
˵
һ㶣漴һ룬ֺȻƺ
ڴʯϣƽǰ
⽫ǽھĵһս
˵
Цϣ벽ۻʰˣɾû˼ˣ
ʯغܿʯɢţسֳɫ
һʯϣзƮǰĺڷ
ܿ죬ӹȥ
ʱƿյʮӰԶĲϣ漴תۼǳ嵽Ƭʯڣ֯ŴͬʱҲɭȻɱ⡣
ʮˣںɫڣΨбӱ¶⣬ʼһǶס죬жд̹ɱת
ﬣ
ʮûһ仰ֱӶ֣ɵֱüġ
Ҳ㶯֣治С
Ȼϳʮ˶񳯵ɱ֡
ƷۣԲ˵һΣգǻˣǣȴһǲҪɱ¾
Ͻתۼ䣬ʮ񳯵ɱֱӱƵʮ⡣
ĽȾѪԴüġ
ɫƽڴʯϣûκζΨ΢⻮
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ̽䣬ǰʮ񳯵ɱ֣ȫը
Щɱֻ֣Ǵѣ죬ϸ㲻ϣɱЩˣֻҪ΢ƾͿûκζֵıҪ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿӰ֣Ӷͬķ
ЩӰһⶼںУĿʼһӽն죬вǿߡ


1081 Ÿ벽ۻ
ɱֳںУȾѪɱִĿɱն죬ͬʱҲһˣɱ֮
쵭ЦЩڴʯϣָ΢ʱƬâԻΪģϵնķ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһը嵽ɱУʮ˱ն顣
ɱֻ治١
һЦ
ٵһôξݵ㣬ǰʶӻƣҪɱֲ࣬Ǿ治ˡ
Ƶ
ﬣ
ɱϢһɱָȻǿԼһͬ鱻նȴҲûаΨϵɱøǿЩ
У߸һǿ߱ƵǰնеѪƬѪУǱüġ
̫ˣ
ƽ
ûϣĴɽӵһӿ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ǰ߸ɱֱ޿ɱܣ뱻֯УըڿУΨߵݳѸٰѪˣҪԶ
ϧȻܸЩĻᣬ֯߱ǽ֮⣬˵굱ն¡
ʱ͵촫˵ͬһʱ䱻ն飬ȫ
һʱ䣬طһɱֶͫһɱҲΪ֮һ
߸ɱ֣Ȼô׾ͱնɱˡ
˰ǡ

𶯱ֱӼһͨһɱûǰ
۵ģһ֮£ʮ񳯵ɱֱ飬
үҲ
ƺЦ
䣬ʮ⽣ÿһ񽣶֯ŲͬɫʣЯϵĽնǰʮɱֺʮɱһ
ڴʯϣϹŵЦ⣬һ콣鲼졣
ȽâնǣǴڶ죬Ⱦն콣âɱµ˵治˿⣬в˸ݰ򵥡
һʱ䣬Ѫˮͣ䣬嵽Ƭʯڵɱ֣ը
ಣಣಣ
ʱƿյٴƬʯ⣬ʿϵȴûн뵽ʯ֮ڣȫڻʯĵطֱֱͣĳŻʯȥ˻ʯڵĽ棬ɱĺӰΧһͷ󲿷ֵɱǼǸڻʯڵǿʯϵϣǣЩʿɫʱһ
Ǹ꣬ǡǸ죿
ǣǸ죡Ϣ֮ǰЩʶӻеϢһģһ
ЩɱĺӰûûģӦǣ񳯵ˣ
һо˵Ϣ󣬹Ȼɱˣ
ö࣡
һμô񳯵ɱ֣⡭Угˣ
Щʿ񳯵ˣ඼ΪӦ֮ǰɢǿϢϵɢޣ뿴񳯵˾˭ͬʱЩʿҲͲµ񳯵ɱҲһɢϢϵϾ£񳯵ŭ֪ȻоϢͲܻ᲻ֻȴҲû뵽񳯻ôǿߡ
һ̣Щʿļ£ΪǵҰУǿɱֻ֣ڴʯϣֻ佣â֯ͬһնܣûһ񳯵ɱܹһѪը
⡭Ǹ죬Ȼôǿ󣿣
ǡ
Ǹ꣬ͬ飿ҲҲǿ
ЩʿĲ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ʯڣһɱϯ񳯵һɱֽںУָ飬ÿ˵ÿһȫռһ̮
ڴʯϣ˿񱩵Ĺûʲô飬ɲ
ֻŲתһ֯ᵵķ
ʱѪˮͣɢʮ
һ˲䣬ʮ񳯵ɱ䣬ǻѪƮڿС
áǿһ£Ǿͣ͡
ʯ⣬һʿļ¡
˶£ЩˣǶ֣
Żʯڣ죬ʯһʿĲ
䣡
ʱʯͻȻ꣬ӰͻأڻʯڣһʱʹĿе¶Լƿʼͣңеɢķ
ʱʯ⣬˽Աɫ
ۣ
ۻʣ
ĵۻʣǡ벽ۻʣ
ʿĲ
⡭Ҳ񳯵ˣһа벽ۻʼˣ⡭
ʿļ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ʯڣɱɱȫͣ
ϣ
˽Ƕ
ͻȻֵߣȻĸоɢĵǱϵˣǲǰڵڰԵƷҪɱ벽ۻʡʱȴû˿ҪĶ
λǧĴӵھ׷ڰɱң޹ִӵڰɱصھ򣬾𣿡
Ц
ǳƽȴдŨŨĳЦ
̬ȣʹûʯһ񳯵ɱĿʯʿһ¶ݡ벽ۻʣ죬һ̬
ʯڵĿɭͬа㣬Ķ졣ڵڰ벽ۻʺܣȴˣǱ;úܳ裬쵭Ц˵λӵھɱڰִӵڰɱصھ򣬾ȻеĳǵȻܹĳеɱǸŨЩʹߵһռԱŤ
߳ŭˡ
˵
ߵĿøӱϵɱǿᣬһƵܡ
ɱɺֲܿʹ˶Ϊ֮Ĳ
ڻʯڣ󲿷ֵɱⶼϣǣıɲʲô仯漴һ̧̣ͷʯظԶЩĵط
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿϢ߸ͬŻ۵ͬڵֱڻʯڣʹûʯصһƬƬƿʱѺ۱鲼ķ
ˣͬճֵһ㣬⣬Ƕŵ
ߡ߸벽ۻʣҲҲ񳯵أ
ܡȻ
һ⡭Ÿ벽ۻˣ
ʿľΪھĶ֮һޱأӲ˼һһôǿɱ־ۼһ˾Ÿ벽ۻʺǿߡһУֻΪһصʿ
ܡܹŸ벽ۻʣ⡭Ҫô죿ܵס
һʿĲ


1082 㶺ˣ
벽ۻʣֻ벽ܿۻʾǻ羳Ϊǿˣ񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʼڻʯڣʹûʯһʿļ¡
һֱѲ񳯣һΣȻôǿһԻǰ
Ÿ벽ۻʣǿɱ֡
죬ļŭһһЩɱֱֲԻطģ˿
ϻǰƣٵ񳯰˸ξݵ㣬ûгŭ񳯣Ǿйˣ
ɱֻʳôɱһɱ⡭ǵһΰɣ
⡭
ʿ΢
񳯣ɱΪԭϢİɱż¶ټǰȴôһԻΪһɱ֯Щɱ̫ˣжúܣ̫һԻֳķԻ᲻Спܽһжʱ򣬽һΣյľ棬оŸ벽ۻʼǿͬʱҲпܻһЩС鷳
ɾˣһˣŸ벽ۻʣǿɱ֣һƵһԻǰֻΪӦطϢɢ˶ѣˣЩʿĵжն졣
ʯڣڴʯϣʱվֱŸ벽ۻʡ
Ÿ벽ۻʣƣǿ㲻
˵
ӭŸ벽ۻʼԵúƽ˿Ҳûη塣
ʹûʯһʿһԾŸ벽ۻʣ쾹̬
ǿ㲻ľҡôãǡڸ񳯵ľŸ벽ۻʣ
ңҲָо
ǡΪʲôȻǺǿȰ벽ۻȴǲ̫డһԾŸ벽ۻʣΪʲôô򶨣Ϊʲô̬ԣ
⡭
ʿ־ɡ
ʯڣ񳯵ľŸ벽ۻʽڻɫУֻбͫ׿Կļͬɱһ㣬Ҫᴩĵˡ
ϣ
Уһ˿ڣΪ䡣
վڴʯϣɺƽ
񳯣ǰܹɱߴΣߴȫʧܣΣɱҵȫɱһ벽ۻʡǴӵһ򵽵ڰܹ˸ξݵ㣬ȫһٵ˸ݵУһֻӬҲûѡžˣЦŵϣרʢϵ֯
ƽҲƽǣȴʹûʯһʿһ
ɱ񳯵İ벽ۻʣ
ʿļ¡
񳯴ɱΣЩʿѾǲµˣٵ񳯰˸ξݵ£ЩʿҲ֪ΪԴʶӻǣЩҲû뵽죬Ȼɱ񳯵İ벽ۻʼǿߣ
ôܣôǰ벽ۻʵĶ֣ܰ
ʿ𺳡
񳯵һЩɱҲ¶ɫԼһа벽ۻʱնɱ£Щͨɱֿǲ֪ġ
񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʽӸ̹ǵɱһƽ֯һɢ
˵ӵֶΣƾ㣬ǰ벽ۻʵĶ֣
һ˵Ϊ񳯵ĵʮϣҲ֮ǰȥڰɱʱδܳɹ벽ۻеһˡ
⻰һ쵱̲סЦҲһЦ
ӣû뵽һȻܴ񳯿֣һֻֻںڰ͵ϮɱǵӵĴʣȴƱ˵ӣ㶺˰ϼһڿˣڷԼ
Ц
⻰񳯵ʮ϶ʱɫ͵һ벽ۻˡɱΪܲ䣬ȴҲԸʮǿη壬쾹ôǣǵӵĴʡ
ವһ漶ɱ̲ס죬ֱӼѪɱɱӿ
񳯣
ȡ
쿴ˣʲôûУΨһ΢ҾʵʵĹһȥû廰ķݡ
ۣ
䣬ɱֱըҲһ飬ֱ
ڶصڶصǿֻ壬Ҫɱʿ̫ˡ
¿񳯵ĵʮϣ·ղʲôҲûз֮ǰĻ⣬αرؾᣬҵصɲһֻ벽ۻʼ󣬶񳯴ɱߴζʧˣа˸ξݵ㱻һˡֻ벽ۻʱɱ£ǲǾã¿ν˵ֶڸǣȴҲڣãЩ£һܶˣ
ƽеĳȴǳԣʹǵʮɫʹ˸벽ۻɫ䣬˵ٸǿɱ֣Ŀⶾ
ͬһʱ䣬ʯ⣬һʿ̲ס£ԾŸ벽ۻʵʱΪʲôǿƣȻԷ
䣡
ǿϢȻ𣬻ʯڣ񳯵ʮֱӶˣɱ졣
ң˸벽ۻһҲһˣ֣̽ӿ
ͬʱķռϣĵƸ֣˷Ŀռȫ죬ȫС
ΪҵȾ˺վŲֻǽվʴʣʮ϶죬Ŀⶾ̣˺Ѿ׷Ƭռ䣬ǰڵڰʱµĵƷǿʮȻп򼶵ĴҲͻƳȥͿһΣ㻹αסļ


1083 ɱʮ
ĵգܣÿһ䶼סˣ죬Уͬʱ񳯾Ÿ벽ۻҲˣȻһ˿һᣬͬʱ֣Ҫڵһʱ佫ѹɱ
Ӱñ
񳯵ĵʮϺп顣ǰڵڰڣ͵ʮϺܼƣȴԿ̨룬ûܹѹ죬о裬ط͵ʮͬʱˣûмŶ춯֣ǰвĵƣϾŸ벽ۻܷ֮һ˿⣬ֱʱƲɷǳ֡
ͬһʱ䣬˸벽ۻʵĴҲһ̽⽻֯ѹ˻ġ
ˣ
ʯڣ񳯵ɱںУĿ飬һ̿죬ͬǿһʬ塣
ʯ⣬Ӹϵһʿļ£Ÿ벽ۻʶ֣ǵ̫ǿˣޱˡ
꣬ˣ
Ÿ벽ۻһ֣ԵƷʮڶصˣôܵˣҲס
⡭
ʿļ¡
ϯʯڣŹӿĵ֯һǿ󣬱䣬ˡ
ʮռ䣬ᡣ
ΪվŲ㵹㲻Ǻóξˣˣ
񳯵ʮϼʯǲ̣ļ
¡¡ģĴѹ죬ٶȱ˸벽ۻʶҪ죬ŵɱҲǱ˶Ҫǿǡ
ӣӭŶֵľŸ벽ۻʣӭԲ̺ͼĿ⿴񳯵ʮϣԵúƽûκһ̫ˡ
䣡
£Ƭʯ̼ɱӿ֣ÿһƶ·һͷƺһܻƬصС
ʱ䣬طҡض·Ҫ̮
ۣ
񳯵ʮ̽Ĵֱӱ飬ѪˮƮڿУĿġ
ͬһʱ䣬˸벽ۻ˴ѣֱ̽ɡ
ǣ
񳯵ʮϱɫ˸벽ۻҲǱɫ
ǣ
һɱʯڵɱɫ䣬ԼһľŸ벽ۻʱֱ壬ɱƣʱ̲ס
䣡
ɱƱ鲼գʮռɲǼ䱻ԵϢǣˮͰֵɱ⽻֯Ҫ㶼ֲɱɢ˻ģҡ
͵ģ񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʰвµܼһԵôֽͬһ㣬գۼǱӿɱɱ˷飬ǹɢ
⣬ǣ
ɱɱ󣿣ɱ󣿣
Ϣ⡭
ʯ⣬ʿǺݺһŻʯڵһƬƬɱƣֻоˣ亹ĸ֣һ̶ƺҪ˰㡣
¡
ҡ𶯣һɱӿ񷶼Ϊ֮úڰԵ쫷ϯʮ
һ̣ʯȫɱ֣һɷ·Եĺʮ
񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʱɱУľǱɫ
ͬһʱ䣬һ˵ɱ֣ļµ˲ɵ÷ȫʮռڵɱƵϢסˡ
ʯϣƽ񳯵ľŸ벽ۻʣΪҴЩʶӻֻǵƣΪҵϢΪСĶ¶ž˵ƬѾ£һֱ׼Ϊ׼ڴô˵أǵƬǣƬʽǴк
⻰һ񳯵ľŸ벽ۻʶʱǱһ䣬һ
ˣ־ŭ
ǹⱩ¶Ϣˣǣ
һ˺
ʯ⣬һʿҲΪ֮ɫ
Щɱƣµģ
ǡЩɱƣȻЩʶӻŭ񳯣ȼͼӾһŭٿⱩ¶Ϣ񳯵
⣬ЩʶӻǵƣǡΪ񳯵طɱ·
һ֣
ڹ񳯣
ʯ⣬ʿĲ
ʱ򣬼ŻʯڵɱƣĻЩ˲ͨС
Դˡ񳯴к⡭
˶¡
䣡
εɱ֯εɱ𶯣·Ҫһ㣬ֲ˷ָ
ʯϣʲôҲûУܣɱ𶯣ɱ䡣
ʱѪˮ䣬ҽ񳯾еͨɱһը
ƬʯڣڶΪӡʮɱÿһﵽɱʮ֮һһɱ⿰ƾףһ˸ֵܵסڣɱ֯Ϣס
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮͣתۼȾƬ档
ģʯڣ񳯵ĵʮϲпĶ죬ŭĵøǿӿȣֻ΢ĳӣȻˣ
ƫͷˣǧټɱңǣʲôģôãװĶʺɣȻ˵Ļ
㡭
ɫʱޱࡣ죬Ȼô˵棬װĶʺ
ɱ㣡
ֱӳִһӿ֣֯ǿɱ졣
Դˣıɲ䣬죬ͬվڴʯϡ
䣡
ܼɱ𶯣Ƭռڵɱʱɱ·Ҫһ㣬ֲ˷ָ
񳯵ˣ̧𣬵ǰ
¡һʮɱͬʮɱݺݵնԷ
ڲǰɾͰ˽׿ʦ𴴳ռɱʮ֮һʮǵϢǿԻС
䣡
ռҡһƬƬ顣
ʮɱ£ӲͬĽǶȱƽ˲˽ǰ
˴ִӿһǿķϧȴǸЧɱһжͽͣķ򷨱˲䱻顣
һʮɱڶ
ܣ
ۣ
Ѫʮɱѹ£ǽķǡ
벽ۻʵѪˮȾա
ϣ
⡭ôܣ
ϿǾڰ벽ۻʾң˴򰡣ôᡭ
ʯڣɱֻ̿֡
һ˵˸벽ۻʼǿߣҲΪ֮ٴαɫ󾪡
ͬһʱ䣬ʯһʿĲ𺧡
һ벽ۻʣȻô׾ͣ͡ˣ
˶¡
ƾ󣬾֪µɱܿ£ﵽ˰벽ۻʾ۵ʮϱգ飬ǲɵöݡ
£
Ƶۡ

ʯڣǿܳ𣬼Ÿǿĵ
񳯵ʮϵƮѪǵӿתؾ۳ǡ
һ̣ٴζ죬еŭŨͬʱҲһ˿ɵ
ɱ̫ˣ
վڴʯϣˣ˸벽ۻʣƬʯڵɱ֣ǣɣҾվһ͡
䣡
£ⷽվҺܼɱһת˲ﻯΪһµԶɱ
һ̣εɱӿͬؽҪ˰㣬еһжڱ飬￪ʼ߽⣬ֲˡ


1084 һ
ƱãʧɫɱĻºӾҵ𶯣ȡʮӿֲɱһ΢Сڶ֣ܵһжɽȥҲ⡣
һʱ䣬·Ҫ̮ϵƲת۱ȫɢ
վڴʯϣĮĸ񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʣɱ֡
ƽվţûɱ⣬ϴһĨЦ
ӭ̬񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʽɫ࣬һڶصʿȻԸӵ̬ǣ·Сһ㡣һ˶죬˫ͬǴ̹ǵУɱƶѣ̫ˣ

һ˵
Ÿ벽ۻʣһɱǵɱ⣬һ߻۳񱩵ܡ
Դˣ쵭ĮһЦ
̫ΪǣΪɱ˭ģƾǣٲ
˵
䣬̧֣ѹ¡
ʱɱٴ𶯣޾ɱһѹ䣬ѹ˻ġ
͵ģŸ벽ۻ֮ȫ飬һ̱ɡ
ۣ
һ˱һɱᴩؿڣʱըѪģ
ܣ
Ÿ벽ۻʽɫ䡣Ƕǰ벽ۻʼˣһǿ֯ʮֲͬĴ򣬼Уȴ޷طһɱƣһ˲ͱ⣬Զ˲ˡ

ҽ𣬴ӲԶǿɱֱʮɱһУ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ܣѪˮͣ䣬ڻʯڣ񳯵ɱըѪˮתۼȾ˴Ƭ档
һĻĻʯʿԾ㤣ܼݺɱ⣬Ų񳯵ɱֻ֣ˣסķ
ͬһʱ䣬ʿǲĿʼԶˣʵɱɱ̫ڿˣȻֻԶԶĿţһҲһֽҪĸо
¡
һɱͬȺ˹綼Ϊ֮
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮϽ䣬Ƭʯڣһ񳯵ɱը

ҽ̶ɱ⣬񳯵һЩͨɱʵ̫ˣǰ벽ʿһҲͬ΢ĳӰ㲻һ
һ̣ЩɱƵĸУ񳯵ľŸ벽ۻʶĲ
ȳȥ
һҧ
ˣǸоɱĿֲ׼߳ȥٺΧɱ졣
ֻǣ˺ܿǽԱɫܼɱܣǸ߲ȥ

ɫѿ
һ̣Ȼ֪ɱӡ£û뵽쾹ȻܿӡôµɱǾ˺޷붼첻
ʮϿڣĿɭĶ죺ɱɱӡ£ֻҪɱЩɱȻڵһʱ
ƫͷˣЦɣӶӲȥɱɱңҲôġ˵ţ΢ʮɱնÿһȫʮɱȥ
㡭
һ˲䣬ʮϸо궼żͨʮɱӭϡ
ңͬһʱ䣬˸벽ۻҲһ֣ɱͬʱʮϵʮɱ⡣
ֻǣʮϵʮɱٶ̫ˣЩ˸û
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ʮٴը
˴ڳؾ
Ȼ⿴㲻ǱӣʯǻŲĹڣǵĿȫǼǾŸ벽ۻϣſǵĽ֣ܵǿЩ˼Ķ𣬿񳯵ˣԣһºˡϴŵЦ̧𣬵⽻֯һתһʹʮɱøӷڣƴ
ˣ
ʮվͬһʥı˰㣬ʿԲɵúݲ
һ̣ʮɱƿ£ɱȫ۵һ㡣
תۼ䣬һʮɳɱ۶ЯŻصܣֱ񳯵ĵʮȥֲɱһУ̵۾
ʱ򻹲ֱӱ¶һ֮£Ǹов̲סݺһؽеס֣
ͬʱ˸벽ۻʴ󾪣ٳ֣Լ⣬ˡ
ҡ
Цʮɱɱ֮۳ɱ£˸벽ۻʵ򻹲ʱֱӽ񳯵ĵʮû
ͣ
ۣ
һ죬ʮϵֱӱ顣



1085 ɱ벽ۻն
ѪˮƮڿУĿĻʯ˽Ǳɫ
һ벽ۻǿߣȻôնˣ
ô᣿ϣϾȻ
һ˵ɱֽԲ
˸벽ۻҲǾǲŵı顣
ʯ⣬һʿļ£ֻùͷˡ
䣡
ʯڣɱƽ֯ɱҰ˻ġ
ֵˡվڴʯ񳯵˸벽ۻʣʮƽȫһҲ߲ˡ
ƺӦĻһɱ𶯣ɱͬһڣĲɫԲڵսս
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɱ𶯣ŭʮ
ʱѪˮһը񳯵ɱ̱飬ͬѪ̻㡣
ɱǿˣ
áÿֲ
⡭⵽ʲôɱ󣿣Ȼôֲɱѵǡۻʼɱ󣿣
ʯ⣬һʿļ¡
һ̣ӻʯȥʯڵĲϣնɫֲɱһһĴǸط׹䣬Ļʯʿľ
䣡
ɱƵһǿһ
վڴʯϣס˵Ļŵİ˸벽ۻʣһɱֱӳŰȥ
ֻʮ֮һɱ󣬵ȴҲ㹻ֲˣΪǾŴ֮һռɱ󣡸οطӡʮɱ󣬶ʱһԴ߶ʹɱƵƱøǿǹɾɱ·նɱе顣

񳯵İ˸벽ۻʱɫ
˿ٺһȫ⡣
ǰ˸벽ۻʼǿߣ˿һ֣ʱ䣬֮ͨ𣬴໥ں󣬿һֲֿĹɱֶΡȻһ̣ȺϻɱɱʱȴǶʱ֮ͬ㣬ֱӱ
ܣ
˱ɫ
һҧ֪ΪΣҵת˳Ҳƽǰ
ҲǣΪֻ
һ¶ɫ
漴תۼ䣬˱ǷˣǵתĲ˳ˣ˲١
һĿֲɱ⣬һ߶죬ɫøѿ
㻹ʲô
һŭȡ
쵭һЦҪˣαôࡣ
䣬һɱøˣն˸벽ۻʡ
طӡʮʮ֮һɱ漴ڿʮɱҲһƺõöɽȽһֶҩɫζԶݵʿƻʿʿ꣬ڣʿΪǿԴᱻ˵ڻʯöɽ벽ۻʶǵȵʱܵĪӰ졣
֮ǰ֮ôնɱǸʮϣҲΪɽʹöԷ궼˲٣սԶԶ۷״̬
ңʱҩΪɱЯ쫷ԭİп£Żʯطɢʹ񳯵ͨɱҲɫζĶҩһЩɱֵǵز𣬷̶ҽС
⣿Щɱ֣ûбɱôô͡
ʯ⣬ʿ𺳡
񳯵İ˸벽ۻʸŭŭ죺С㵽ʲô
վڴʯϣӰˣڡ
΢̧⽻֯䣬ʮɱƾ
䣡
ʯ޴ѺһĴʮ
öɽʱӰ񳯵һˣԼԼȴǲӰ죬Ϊһ˽ҩѾָƷ£ԼҲ£ԣҩŲǡ

ҽ̶ɱѹ£ɽӰ죬񳯰벽ۻʼµɱֱּͬǲݽһ㣬ըѪȾķ
ʹ񳯰˸벽ۻʾŭѣɱŨ

һĵʮҧ·޲⡣
ƽ̧𣬵ָˡ
䣡
ɱתʮɱ𣬽Ҫᴩ֮У˵Ʒ·һϵ٣˿־岻ѣٵ
ȻƴȫֵΪɽԭʵԶڵ߸״̬Ǳʮɱûֱӱ˸飬Ѫ
𣡡
˴ŭ𣬿ٺˡ
ϧ첢˵Ļᣬƽ£ܵɱֱѹȹǽ
֡һ벽ۻʣ
⣬ɱ󡭡
벽ۻʼˣУǡһ㣡
ʯ⣬һʿԾ
ʯڣ񳯻߸벽ۻʼǿ߱Уһٴαɫ죬ɱһ벽ۻʣ
ˬ
Ц
ƸЦȷʵˬ
һһվʱȫһϷ̬ö֡
˵Ļŵ߸벽ۻʣƽ
䣬һʮռɱѹ䣬һˡ
Ϊ񳯵ʮ˳ϣӭɱ⣬ܣֻһ𣬼ִͨһĻͬʱ벽ۻҲ֣Գߴһͨɱʮ˳һֵɱ⡣
쵭һЦһתĸ죬תۼ䣬ٵɱѹ䡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
߸벽ۻͬʱǱĺɣڿоʹڿѪ
ͬһʱ䣬һɳɱѾ۶ɣնʮ˳ϡ
۵һûκʣ˱飬ֻʣһǱӶݳ

һ
һתĸǿеĻâʢԴǣʮɱ⣬ɱֱӳϵѹ䣬ֻ̼ǽ֮֡
ס
ۣ
һ죬˵걻ķ飬
⡭벽ۻʡ
ʯһʿԴˣ֣̿Ÿ벽ۻǿߺΧϣȴתۼ䱻ɱˣǶ죬ôһʿȴȻ˿ֲǾ߱µֶΣɱ벽ۻʣͬնвһ㡣
ʯڣ벽ۻǿ߸ɫѿŭ

ҧ
ǾŸ벽ۻǶȴǲ룬Ȼôһ֣ǹɱǣôݵʱڣն벽ۻʡ
󣡡
ʮһɭȻޱȣһʩչ֮ɲǼȫʧڿУԼٳɱȥһ˲ɡ
еɲǣһĿɱֱԲĲ׽Ĺ켣㣬ؿڹᴩֱը鿪
ʮһ
벽ۻʽԴ󾪡񳯵һʩչϢ䣬ΪԶʩչ˲ǿпΪԶڰ벽ۻʼĵʮһϣȴƺʩչһĵʮһϵÿһ
ͬʱʯ⣬˽ϱʿǸŶݣһŵ죬Ǽţ˫۱ú֮ǰЩһˣһֹ⻷аˣ·ǿԿС


1086 Ļ
ľһӭ˫ֻۣüһ˲ñ·ڵһж͸˰㣬һļ¸С
۾
ʲô
⣬⡭
ʿ¡
Ȼ񳯵ļ벽ۻǿҲɵ¶ݣԲʱ˫۵аһɱĸо
񳯱ĵʮһϴʱ־ŭĶ죬Ҳǿʱ˫ۣ鵱ݣ΢¡
㡭
䣡
ʮռɱ¡¡
վڴʯϣƽˣΪ֮պϣЦ
£ܣɱʱѹˡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
˻ѳա
ﻹʣ벽ۻʣܣȫ֧
ʮʮ֮һɱ̫ˣ֮˶ɽӰ죬޷ӳʵսһ̱ԵޱȴʮһϵǱ顣

ŭ𣬿ֱִӼһĻ
ֻǣʮռеɱʵ̫ǿˣһƬһѹ£
۵һһΣ˱ķѣѪȾա
ˣҲɡ
˵
һʮɱٴηڣɱⱻںϵһ۳ʮɳĿɲɱֱӳеնȥ֮ͬն¡
ۣ
һ죬ʮһϵ飬ֱ
һĻĻʯһʿȻ˸ǲɵ¶֡
ĸ
˶¡
ʱľŸ벽ۻʣѾ˱ն
񳯣ط벽ۻʻţʱɫԵúѿ

˽ҧ
ǰ벽ۻʼǿߣսǿᣬѹ죬ǣû뵽Ȼطֲɱ󣬶رֶѹǵתʹʱһս޷ӳоޱȵı
ı飬ô˵ءϴŵЦ⣬ܾʡ
ʼնվڴʯϣʱһתĸ죬ʮɱƷڡ
¡¡ģɱͬ䴹䣬һУһС

Ƭʯڣһ񳯵ɱַҽɱһһը
Щɱ֣඼Ǵ£͵ֵӡɱټܵɽӰ죬ֱʧȥһսԷֻɱˣЩͨɱһ̼ǳ˻µĳӣֻҪУһʱͻ飬ʶɲǳɻҡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһĽ䣬ʬһ׹䣬Ŀġ

ɱֲҽУ飬Ÿոճһɱ⣬ֱӱǻɻҡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɱִУ˿ʼȣɱбͷܡ
һ׺ݵɱ嵽ȴǸҺϷ绯
ĵ
ƺЦŲ˼
΢΢ţһʮɱڣɱø࣬ǿ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʱѪˮһƽ䣬һɱ
ɱ֣ʱֻʣʮˣҸȾѪǱ
⣬ֱǡΪЩ׼һ΢С
ʯ⣬ʿȻ
ȥʱ򣬻ʯڵһɱ֣ͬǲݽ㡣
񳯻ŵۣɫŭ˼㣬ѿ˼㡣

һҧгݣһֵܵɱɱ⣬һɱĶ죬·Ǻ޲Ѫ⡣
ƫͷˣһЦһɱֱѹ£
㡭
ۣ
Ѫˮͬ˾ɱѹ䣬ֱӽķѡ
ವһһгٺˡ

쿪ڡ
¡¡ģϣһƬ纣ɱֱѹ䣬˵긲ǡ
漴͵һ˵ֱӱɱ
ƫͷ򻹻ŵĸ벽ۻʣˡ
˵ţһܼɱ۳ɺˣһ벽ۻѹȥ
һռֱ̮ˣ벽ۻûըһĿѪ⡣
𣡡
Ϊ񳯵ʮϣ귢𣬿ڷɳ
ͬһʱ䣬̧֣ǴƬɱѹ
ס
ۣ
һ촫˵ֱӱ
ˡ
ﻹŵ벽ۻʣһǴƬɱ⽻֯ƺƵĳѹ¡
ԼܣȴɶǸԱɱУѪˮһƮ
漴һ̣һĵʮͻȻ֣ڳɱֱ벽ۻʣգۼ
ʮʲô
˶󾪡
ͬʱʯһʿҲǱɫҲû뵽񳯵ĵʮϣȻͬӶ
΢΢ۣһĻʵЩϤϡǵãڶɱ񳯵ļɱ֣ͬӶԶԷǿɱ
һʮϵͺ˫н֯ɭɭѪâȥǶˣΪҵ
㡭
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫը벽ۻֵͬʱն顣
ң֮˵ǿбһɾ˵һѪɫ縲Ƕϣʹ߶Ƕݵʧȥ˵ֵת۱ʮԼϡ
ʮס֣
Ҫ
˴С
ʮĿɭȻһ̵ǵɱŸмۡ
䣡
ͻȻĿɱһ£裬ʮϵ񳯰벽ۻʵ顣
ǵʩչǿսֶιǳ񳯵硣վڴʯЦܱǸҲĻᡣ


1087 벽ۻȫ
쵱񳯵ͬӶԶԷʩչ½ԣʮϳ벽ۻʻӳɱĵһ˲䣬֪˶Էڴʲô⣬ԣǿɱɱ֮ߣؼʱ£ֱӽ벽ۻʵ飬ǿдϵʮϵļƻ
㡭
ʮϾŭӣֻһܼȡ˵׳ǣĹͷ˵ȴֱӱˡ
Ȼ̵ǵ꣬ҲӵҲ̫¡

£¡һطɱøӷڣɱӿ

ҽϣɱ£һͨɱ֣һը顣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһըĿġ
Щɱֻطɱɱ⣬߱ĻһΪˣһ˸ס
վڴʯϣûȥһͨɱ֣ĿֻǶס˵һ벽ۻʣƽ
̧һ㣬һʮɱۼֲɱ⣬նˡ
ʮŭִһͨҲͬʱչ֣ɱֵܵԵǱƬֱ̺ɱᴩ˼Ρ
ס
ʯ⣬ʿĲ
һ˶Żʯڣɱһն䣬ǿٵһа㡣
񳯵ʮڻʯŭɫѿ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɱ۽һ
ʮȫֵȴԽԽǱ˵ԽԽأѪϡ


һϵϢͻȻǣһѪâ֣Եɭ䣬Եÿ񱩡
ڡȼձԴ
ʿ¶ݡ
䣡
ʯڣ񳯵ʮϵϢԽԽǿתۼﵽһ塣
һʱ䣬ܵɱƶ˱ûһЩ
лһĨ⣺ǹݰȼһԴˡ
춢ʮϣ΢΢˫ۣʱȻо¡
䣡
ǿϢʮΪģһɢƬռ䡣
ȻƵıߵһ
˶죬Թԭ֮ǰ벽ۻʵ׳ȴǿֹֻȼԼԴķʽսȼ˽һ룬һ֮󣬾ܻҲԻϵ
ɱ㣡
ɱ⣬һǿ˳ȥֱӱ죬ٶȿ켫һ쫷㣬֮ռ俦ķ顣
˫ֽӡһ߶ʮɱƣԸǿɱѹˡ
飡飡飡
ʮִ֯һѹϵɱתۼǱƵ⣬һƳͷ­ȥ
һʱ䣬ƷһĴ˱֮ǿš
΢˫ۣ׼ҵĴץɱ⣬֮ӰǰΣһȭǰȥ
䣡
ײʮռ̮
һµĴʯֱӷɻҽ˶ƿʮѺۡ
ɱ
񳯵ʮ˫۳죬ٴλƣЯִһѹ
ģϼһʱǿ̫ˣ
ĥ
ϻô˵Ҳȼһ뱾Դ

ıû̫仯˫ּâŨٽӡǣɱѹϡ
ԶһЩ
˵漴һֱӳ񳯵ʮȥ
ʱȼձԴϢǿ̫࣬ս˲٣ɱ󣬺ѽԷɱòԶˣԼɱɱ
ԶԣսԶ޷ʮɱȣΪߣԽɱɱʩչͨ൱ͨΪɱһ򵥵ļӳһǿ̶ȵķɱơ
ɱ
񳯵ʮ˫۳죬񳯵ɱʥ̶
һ޾ձѣΪȼ˱ԴսĹϵ񳯵ʮϵһѹɱɱһʿһ
鵭Įһ粽ӭϡ
ȼ˱ԴΣҪ
˵
һɫƵ̫ľֱӱתޡͬһʱ䣬һ콣Ҳ߶ʮɱ󣬾̫ľļ콣նһ߳߳ɱʱ񷡣
âֻ߳߳ǣǵѹȴǿ˼㣬ǿԽһն
⡭ǡ
Ľ⣬⡭
ʲôͨ
ʯ⣬ʿľ
漴һ̣߽߳â񳯵ʮϼɱʥײһ
໥ײʮ󣬿һ񳯳ϵɱֱӱ顣
ϴʧɫȼһԴս۷ʱҪǿ󼫶࣬ޱƽۻʾ£ɱʥͨȻǱնˣţԵøӾŭⲻܣô⡭
ﬣ
̶תһȡطܼɱ⣬̫ľ콣תۼʮŵɱһ׹䣬ŶԷѹ
ʮɱ̫ľ콣ĺһǿ㡣
񳯵ʮϼֱٺˡ
ϧʮŵɱٶ̫ˣֻһ˲ѹǰֱ¡
ۣ
Ѫˮըʮϵ

˴
ʡס

ʮɱ۶֮߶ףʱݻһֲĽɫ󣬵񳯵ʮϵס

̲סҽУ걻ֱ֣ӿʼڻѡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʯ⣬һʿϳ𣬸Ϊ֮󾪡
˵еĴףȻƿ𣿣
ϱʿļ¡

񳯵ʮϲҺڽɫƴȫ˳
ҲʱƵ˽ǰһʮɱ֮߶ӡƺƵĳ˵ѹ¡
ˣ
ɫͼӿ⣬˸ǣֱĥԷСꡣ
˷ҽУ鲼Ѻۣ־ֵֿĺˡ
ˣң㲻ɱҵ𣿡
쵭
ǳƽǷζȴޱ
һ鼫ѿɱ纣ȴ˵ĸ죬һߺˣһʣµ
䣡
ʱƬռ𶯣ɱȫط۶
ˣɡ
ٴοڡ
һһʮɱɱƾ۵һ𣬽ڳһΨһɱ̫ľ콣ӳ֣ϯϰ˻ģѹʮء
һʱ䣬񷶼Ϊ֮ɫ
ӭһ˶ʱ¶־ɫ̲סеס
ﬣ
콣Х𣬴˵Ļںʮɱȫһֱѹ
ۣ
һ죬˵ֱһѡ



1088 һս
ѪˮƮڿУʯ⣬ʿǺݺһ
Ÿ벽ۻʣȫȫˡ
˶¡
벽ۻʣ羳֮ǿĴڣ񳯾ŸȼĴɱطҪȡȴһ֣תۼ䱻ȫն
ǣ
ʯڻʮɱֻţϽȾѪʱǶݺݷ
һľŸǶȴȻȫطǡŸ벽ۻʰ
ƫͷʮɱ֣ƽһһǰ
˴죬ʵǿ󣬿ɴ˿̼ȴǶʱ¶ı飺㡭
ˣ
̧֣һ¡
Ϊɱȼ˱ԴǸ񳯵ʮϣطʮɱȫľˣʱֻԼ֡
ڶ죬֮ȴǿƥԶͬǿߣһ£ҲǾǿɱ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ɱֱӱһ飬Ψһֻʵӳſ־ĳԶӶݡ
ıƽױֱӽ˵ûС

ҽд̶ֻת۶ѣ˵ǱĽɫС
ƫͷطŵʮһɱ֣һɱ졣
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ڶΪʩչ콣콣ֶͬһƬ긡֣ʮһɱȫС
һʱ䣬ѪˮըʮһУŸɱգ۱㱻ն
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ𣬻ʣµɱֽǴڶ죬ʱȫûͣ٣žţٳԶȥ
ŷתʽͨգۼƵ˽ǰ۵Ĵ˵ĺ׹ᴩͷ­ʶһնķ顣
һ˲䣬Ƭʯüžֻ۵ѪưܵĲ
ǰԵ
ƺԶоɫ˷ܡ
Ÿ벽ۻʣǿɱ֣׼ôõʱ䣬սֺܲ
Ц
ɨۻʯڣɨʯһʿ
ƽԭҲûʲô˼ֻôһɨȴʹһʿ¶㤵ı飬Ķһһսǽ񳯵ľŸ벽ۻʶնˣȻҪȿӡõɱ󣬵ǿֲˣʱӭЩʿܲη壿
ջĿ⣬ɨƬƵĻʯأ漴к뿪
һֱڿն𣬲Զȥ
ֱһԶʯһʿǳһڴ
Ÿ벽ۻʣǿɱ֣ôȫ⣬ǡ
һΣ񳯹Ŀˡ
ҲŭķɣϾһ˾Ÿ벽ۻʣȼˣĶҲû̫ģǺ֧
ʿļ¡
뿪ķ򣬲ɵö£ǺɫǣǸˣǣǡ
֮󣬺ܿ죬طͬ˳㣬ʿʶӻתۼǴ⼸ûñ˾֪
ʱ䣬½Ծ
̫̫ǿˣ
Ǹմ²ˣ⡭һУһսֻǼŮĶ˰ɣ
²Ȼôǿˣ
⡭
һ̬
Ƭһʱ䣬ǹ
һռն񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʺǿɱ֣£ʵ̫ˡ˶ҪɱȡʤȻˣļ¡
ϾһˣǾԲܿӡôֲɱģʵ̫ˣʿֻǴӱ˴ʶӻмЩɱƣҲü

򣬺ɽУһ޴ĵʣȻȻӡ޾ÿһƶʱճн֯ȻɢϢؽԾ
ɱ󡭡ˣ
ɽ䣬Ƭڣ˫ţԵޱȵ䡣
ȡ
쳹ⷽ

һƬƬ׹⽻֯ڣɽһΡ룬һɵÿһɵϿն֮ơ
̫ľ
ʥ漮мصϢһģһ
ΪҽУ
ɵڣƮڲ֮ϡ

һƬ֮ϣһ޴ĵϣͬһͷޡ
ΪھŴ󶥼֮һལ
ϣһ޴ʯڣӰһΨĿԿ
콣Ľ
ͳⷽʯڽ֯֯һƥĽ⣬Ŀռ˶

ħڣڵħƣһڴһħۡ
ףҵħ
ħڣһħ̶ϣһߴӱֱţҰ֮⡣

ͬһʱ䣬δ֪ڣڣһɱƲ񷣬š
ڣ˫ţɱ⣬˵Ѫâš
Ÿ벽ۻʣ
ܱ䣬ɱ֯ⷽڡ
ģΪɱΪ֮һѺۣռ䲻ͣŤ

һ𣬱Уѹֵŭ
һռ䣬Ÿ벽ۻʱնʧ̫ˣң·Ŀ֮£Ǵ˵ھʹ񳯵ٴδ𣬼ѾǳΪһ޴Цʹڵļɱӿŭӿһֱ뽫ϳϹ꣬Ǻ͸졣
Դ£
Ҫλ𣿡
һ
ΪһʱĸոմﵽСҪλڣˣ񳯵飡
һ˵
ڣɱƣ̹ɭȻ
ãĵ˿ڣͳгأ֮ͷ­
һʱ䣬ڣӰ΢

ھˣǿ񳯣һռ䱻նŸ벽ۻʣնǿɱ֣һȺԼȥɱ澪һ°͡ҪǣɱŸ벽ۻʵˣǼǰٵһݵ㣬Ȼ²ֶνʶӻϾˣ˶Ϊ֮ۡ
ǰ˴ʶӻҪӵһһɱھ񻹵ɱˣնһŸ벽ۻʣֱǡ
һǶⰡ
񳯣Դʼǵһαôݺݵġ۸ɣ
ʿļ¡
嫵ĵھ죬ĸһʿǱסˡ

ʱһΣչȥ
뿪˻ʯأʱһɽУܵľԺ׳
Сӣк̫ˣ
Ц
ھн磬ÿ䶼񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʱһսĨɱ£񳯵ĸһһʵˬ
µ׼ɲǰ׷ѣܵеЧһЦ漴΢⽻֯ǰ׼ʮɱɽʤǺ񳯻̫ԶҪʵС


1089 ̫
񳯺ǿǳԣȻʱͷϷ񳯣˿֮Уȴûӣ൱֣أϾһɱΪĴУʮΪǿļ֮һϵۻ塣ĴУԣǸľ뢡
ս֮ء
˵
ƶͷʿһ;ʱܰϴæǹףǸֻмǿǿ
ǣȥʲô
ʵ
룬۸˵Ѱܣȡڳһ
ڵõһö񵰣СһδæȴǻûеõܣЩԲסСһڣﵽ磬˵ھƬ嫵ĴӦΪСһѰ㹻СһˣһֱڵСһҲܲɡ
ô˵ı飬еһĨǲµʲôУ֮ǰڵڰ˵ģҪѰһڵǸСһһܳүСҲܿ
ңּڵǸСһԷǳһʵǻǳ£ӦܳڵǺܶ࣡˵ţеĹŨһЩʱСһԳΪǵľǿ
ͷȻĵ£ֻСһϣɻѡ
ιιιƿ죬漴죬̲סۣ˵СӣڵСһʲô˼úý֮ǰڵڰʱᵽСһ£ȴû˵ʱɻڶǸɻЩһʱģȻŪ
ӭһ֪ģ쵹ûԥ򵥽ԴԵСһ¼˵һ
ԣɵõ˵ۣڵСһǺ
ǰɡ

СһﻹûгʱɢϢĹʥη֣̿ң칬ʱĪΪ֮ԣɼСһжôһ㡣ʵ˵˳Сһٷ֮š
ǻʲôϽģڳһȱСһͬʱүåҲܿ뵽Σһð
קȭͷѾ֪ƿ£Щ˷ܵĵ
ͷʵϣ뿪ʯغЩ죬Ѿ̽Ѱˣֻȶ̫ϡ٣һĵطҪѰǷǳѡ
ط
˵
Ȼɣط
һ߹طѰ˲ͨ龧龧ڳһԴʮȴɲѰ
˵Сӣ֮ǰǻٵ񳯵ڰǴݵʱܹ˼ǧ龧ټ⼸Ѱ龧龧Ӧ㹻Сһ˰ɣ
˵
ҡͷУ˲١
ĹƣڵСһȻҪˣˣӦҲúķٰУǧ龧ԶԶֲϰġ
СһֻƿǳȻ͵úķôܣǡ
ƷۣͬʱҲľΪһԳгСһľˡ
ˣҡ
˵
תɽ䣬ŵһķ̽Ѱ
ˣһۣչȥ
ռ䣬Ѱ˲龧龧ȴûѰʵǲѰңϾȶǺܲһ㣬µǿܾۺ塣
䣡
Ҳһ죬ͻȻ͵ĻζǷһ㣬һɫƬĶλý֯ĲϵƲ̼䱻ȫ飬ͬǵĴű˰㣬ԼһХС
ȥֻɲǶѣƬĲ㱻Ⱦ˺ɫˡ
ŨЩ˰ʲô⣿
Ƶۡ
Ҳǲɵ¶֮ɫ̧ͷλã漴΢΢һǣ̫ķ򣡡
̫룿Զݣ֮ǰʦһ
ûһͷƬռؼ㣬鲼Σ벽ۻʶ٣
Ǿȥ
ͻȻڡ
Ǹн֯һƾâ
Сӣأǵطɲ棡ȻŨĿţв֮ڵ£̫ΣգȥðգңҪĲѰСһЩ𣬿ɲҪ֦
ΪϷŨ˺ģȥѰ
ҡͷŶϷǴĵطǸط
ɫԶλó֮ͬű˰㣬Ϊˣڸղŵһ˲䣬ǳĹУȴҲǸоһ˿Ȼٺ΢ȴޱȵĴͻ񣬱ȳɾԴϢҪٱ
ֻɢĳ


1090 Ƶ۷
ĻƶǶʱһ
ȷۣ˵ôͻȻ֪ģ
У

ŶϷоâ֯
ֱֱĶϷĵطӸӦûаôû
ƶ˶٣үҲûвܵϢ
ۣĸ֪Ҫͨʮϡ

ôһ˵΢ȷʵ۵죬ĸ֪ȷǳǿԶԶͬʿԱˡ

ֿڣ֪ĸӦȴ̲סôʵ
ԱߣҲֱֱĶ졣
Ӧòд
˵
Ϊڶ죬Ѿƿصޱȴ죬۵ӦҲһȵˣһӦˣ㼸
Ȼһ
ߣȥȻǸƵطͦΣգΪһֵð
ĥ
ƽק˫ȭ˫ĸյһϹȥ̹ȥ
ʱһһ˵ǴĺܣƶΣһɱ䣬ڵСһҲСһĲһսԻǿĿ£ԶʱСһｫԳΪǳξһǿ󻤺ߡ
ͷߣ
Ŷλǹĵطֱڿնѣͬ
ûгɣҲն𣬼ٳϷȥ
һʱ䣬ವƿһתۼʧط
ϣúһƿʿҲ
ͬʱҲһǶС
ȷһ۷أ
ϱʿĳҰʷйôһأƵиۻԪʱԼ̫ڣô˵³𣬱Ƕ϶ǲҰʷϵļصΪ棬ȷʵһ۷أΪĳЩδ֪ԭ۷ѿˡ
ˣ棬żҼ˵ı
ϻǲΪȥ𣡡
Ƭ̫룬벽ۻʶٰǡҪ뵽Ƭȥ
뻢ѨɵûӣðգԹǰҪ֪һ۷أУֻҪõ㱦Ҳ㹻Ǻһˣ
⡭
ˣ˵Ͻ·
֮⣬ʮʿУʼ٣ܿȥԶ
ΪǿڸߵϣǽȺʿĺ
Ұʷأ

ԱߣҲһȥѾ֪ʮǳ˽⡣
룺֪
֪㲻ǿҰʷǺ޵ʷż𣿡
в졣
ۣҲ˵ˣǿ࣬ǿȫ˵£ӦþǼүûпЩҰʷϵ
бһۣûʲôǽٶȷŵĸЩ
֮󣬺ܿʱȥ
ʱһĵطһƬ嫵ɽǰ
ȥǰɽһһҲ֪ж٣ǳųɫеĸɣеȴֻʮңС޴ƬɽȺռҲ֪жô㣬ǿߣҲһԿܱ߾ͷ
̫룿
ü
ʱ򣬽Ƭɽǰܵһѹֵĸоɽ룬·һͷͷڰеޣһ׺ˡ
ôСӣһˣ

Σء

ƿ޳ۣ磬վƬ޴ɽ⣬ֻһۣͿƬɽķǷֻƻһ𣬼ʮһΣٲһɱ֣һʿ붼Уûжٻ·ԡ
ΣءƷۣ˵ôأǣǲ
ȻҪȥ

˵ţûԥȳ̫ڿȥ
ʱ̫븽ѾǾۼʿǿʿѾǶɽڿ˽ȥ˵ĵطһ۷ؿˣҪȥ׷Ѱ۱ʱ󲿷˻Ƕɽ֮⣬СĵĳɽڹϾ۷ڵıȻջ޴󣬿طȴ̫룬һ浽Σһ˻治Ϳȥ
˿ڣûпڣǱʿ
ǡǸ죿
ʿ¡


1091 
ѾǴ˵ھ򣬲֪˵ûмˡʱطӰһʿǲɵö¡
˾ȻҲҲΪ۷ض
ˣ

ʿһţæһߣóһ·
Цǰʱ䣬һս񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʣȻ˶֪Ҫǿȿ̺õɱ񳯣ɺη壬Ͼһ̳ܿǰ˵ɱǵȵȥ񳯵İ벽ۻʡ
ڴѾϰߣû⣬ֱ̫롣

ʼһȥ̫룬ʱ䣬һɭɭŴ̹ǵ⡣
ͻȻ߽ڤһ㡣
̲סۣո߽Ƭ̫룬һ˿˿ѹֵĸо
ߡ

̫ǰǴĵطӲƽǰС
Ƹ󣬺ܿг˺Զ
Ƭ̫ڣɫɽ뼫࣬һһ򵽴ɢɰһַǳĸоڵʱͣķ͵졣
һ˳ǰú󣬿еʪ࣬кɫڷͻȻ𣬴һƬƬɰʯʹÿе¶Ȳɵþֱʮȡ
ģڷǰϯøЩһɺ֯
ж

ƵͷүҲоˣ
ǰֱӣһһ콣âԻƿճǰնȥ
ݵһâٶȼ죬գۼûڷڡ

ڷһӰͬӰڷԶȥ
һ˲ʮɣһɫâٴθֶպӰ˷Ŀռ䣬۵Ľ֮ᴩһ𣬸ֱӶ˵ƽϡ
ȥһͷɿݵ飬鲼źɫëͫҲǳڵīɫ⽻֯ŨŨѪɷһȪ㡣ڵϷͬʱҲͬҰһ㣬ģЩˡ
ôȻû
ƶԵЩ졣
֯ôŨɷʲô⣿ܿȰ벽漶ǿ˰
Ҳ˹
ͷźӰΪɷа飬൱ޡ
΢һâ£Ӱͷ­ķ飬һغѪ
߰ɡ
˵תȥ
طλô̫оǹҲλǸطȥ
Ƹûñг˼ԶԼ߹ɡ
ƮһԵЩɭɭȻˡ

ҽͻȻǰдڷϯѪζƮ䡣
һӴгմȾѪҺдŨŨľ֮ɫ

˿ˣ󺰣ͬʱʱʱȥſֲ׷ɱ
ȡ
ۣ
һֻɭɭצͻȻ̽˺عᴩһεѪˮ£ץס˵֮࣬̽ڣи°͵ľ׽
ӵڵϣͫţϢתۼʧһɶ
°ͣ
°ͣ
°ͣ
У׽ԵЩˣȥɵͷƤ顣
һ˫Ѫɫͫǹһ㣬ͬǿһ㣬˸Ѫâ
ûʲô飬ֱ̧֣һ콣âԾ֮Ƴǰնȥ

дһԹĲҽУѪɫͫתۼʧϢƮڿС
ƺȸղֻаҪǿ٣Ҳǵɷа飿Ƶſ̫ûԶȻȳ̶ȵа
ҪȻôǽء

쵹ǶԴ˿⣬ǰתۼ߳ɵľ롣
ʱǰһĴˮŰɫһλðĹ֯ںϣŵϼɽ׹µһһ㡣
Ӳһ㰡ȵɽڵǷɳҪ˺ܶ࣡
Ƶ
ȷʵ

ڵʱһȥɽ䣬һƵĳӣ౦ǷɳأԶԶûĴ
ǰʱⷽѾۼʿΪĶǰ벽ΣںѰʲô˶Ѱ˲ı
Сӣ߹·ɱ
ֱӳ˹ȥһӴץһȭͷͭ
ͭ׼ʥɲģ
˫۷Ź⣬Ҳ˹ȥʶһڱⷽ
ǰƵȴ൱ЩԣҲ˵ʲôŵ죬תۼץһ޴龧Լٽҡ
ͨ龧ƿǷ㼫ˣ
Ƶۡ
Сùү£
ţ
ôʹ죿
⻹أ˵СҪҪ
죺ˡ
СŬ
åͰȡһ׼챦챦ƬҲ׬ˣ
һһԳһűһʱⷽϾһľ޴ˮˡ
ȶɲСøһʿ
ǷŰ㣡
漶ǿߺڣתۼֹס˺Ļ˺Լվһ죬ǿǶɵöһ¡
ͬʱԱߣߵʿҲǿ죬΢΢һ
ƫͷ򿪿ڵ漶ǿߣղţ˵ʲô
ûûУ
֣ЩҵԱߵ죬ٺˣĶɵ˴롣죬һռ񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʵĺ˰ղžȻֱӶѵĺȣң˵ˡ֣
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߵʿҲ죬뿪Զ룬´ùͷ
СӣƬĴ󲿷ʿˣ治
ƴЦ
бһۣö˵ʲô˿ķӦҲû⣬ŵӿȥúץһ޴龧ŴԼһʮҡ
ģһʮͨ龧үøӷУ
ĥ¡¡еıſ󣬳ⷽ¡
ҲŴƣʹ֮סĴƬΧѰ
ˣתۼСʱȥ
ʱŽŵӣ̧ͷڰĴײһĨ΢зǳ˵ĵ֯ţɫ΢΢ݣֱ̧֣ûӡǰץȥĨ΢һƬӴײץ
𿪣ŷ֣΢Ķһɫ񣬲ʿȥǳͨƵĵȴĺŨңһɼΪصĺϢ
ǡ
ͫ΢ݡ


1092 ħ
񲻹ӤưСɫԵûްȴмΪǿʢĵޱȺ嫵ĵ֯ϣʹԭʷǳͨ˲Ϣͬһ챦ˡϾƵĶǱͨҲ˶úܲͨ
Сӣôˣ
˹
ԱߣűҲǳ￿
֣ʾ濴е漴߶һ
ӱⲢʲôƬȴôǿĵ͵˵ⶫǱۻʼܾãң֮ӡ

ͷһ
⡭Ȼӣôط
ƺ档
˭֪أЩɿܵԭİɡ

쵹ûж룬΢ΣʯСȻֻͨƬ޷սϾе˵ܹ;
Ƽ񣬶ʱֽעеطĴϣűӴ¾һڱ
תۣǰӹȥ
ˡ
кһһ
ѾѰ˲ٺöȻʲô㶼вƵļֵʱĻʱ̵ͷȥ
ǰܿ߳˴ķΧĵطȥ
˵Сӣڻܸо֮ǰᵽ𣿡
Сʵ
̫֮ǰĵطҡҡͷ
ڵһ籡֮У֮ûµ޷ٸӦʱʱĸӦûдġ
˵
ʹƶ΢
Ҳ˵˵ĵصףνĵ۷ڣ
Ƶ
ͷԺܴ󡣡
ǰȥ
죬ҵˣ
ͻȻһЦ
ЦһںħӲԶϮһޱȰԵ
ƫͷȥûʲôնһ
וּһɫĽâתۼǺںħײһ
һʱ䣬Ƭռϯһɿ쫷磬ʹÿȽϽһЩʿѣħͽâײ쫷Ѫɡ
쿴۱ɵһЩʿ漴ƫͷԶĲϡӰն߸ΪһߣмһߴӣһЦ죬н֯һҰ֮⣬һַǳΣյĸо
ǣ
ħڵһħħI
⡭ôҲҲҲΪĵ۷ض
˵벽ۻ֮£ѾûмĶ֣
ôǸ춯ˣ
ʿɫ
ŲϵĸߴӣЩʿеηʱҪŨࡣ
ϾȻڲǰɱ˾Ÿ벽ۻʣܿ£Ҫȴǿɱ֮ħIȴһսѾǰ벽ۻ޵УңǻδƿħȻע˽ھδͷ֮һ
ħIһʿҪҪŨࡣ
ϣħڣ֮ǰ˵İɣƬľŸ֮һһĴʼΪһۻʾ켶ħ𣬴ħһǳԵĹžɱޱǿᣬ˵Ĵͨ
Ųϵĸߴӣ΢£ħһͳֻӵйھµʵĺˣʸħգү֪һʷƺԴʼУֻ˱ħգһʮǰħҬھһʱʮʧڶǰˡ˵㶮ү˼ɣ
ƽû˵ʲô
Աߣ΢΢ݣ˵ħIˣܿ£
컹û˵ʲôħIк뿪Է
ƿħIԣһһֱǰĮĵûں˼ǣͣ
飡
ֱ̧ȣһڻؿڡ
ֲ·ˣûʲôԷ˵ģֱ߷ɾǡ
һͷѵߵɣڿоʹڿѪԶ춼ûܹ
⡭
Ǹ߿Ǵڶ۷尡ȻȻһžͱߵˣ
ɡ£ȻֹӡֲɱͣʵҲĿֲǡ
ʿľ
ǿħڵ˰ȻôֱӶԶԷˣ
ⲻ񳯻Ӷûɼɵħڰɣ
ô˵ǣȳ̶ȵĴУܲһǺ°ɣ
ۡ
ԶϣħIԱߣһ߶ݣ¶ʱԵļɵ֮⡣ֻһ˲ѣ¶һƺɫϾħڵˣ쵱ôħڵˣô˵һ𡣶죬ǰһˣ㵨̫
룬
ħIڣֱӴߵĻһӣɨԶ
ʹøһʿһ¡
Ȼͬһŵˡ
ʹһħIһҰҰԵˣ
ħIʿжǴž⡣
ħIϣĸߴ࣬һҰԣĿһԣԲϳ죺ҪĴףֱӣдһֲɵζǵԼĳӽ
ܣʿɫһħIԭΪĴ׶
ǰ˵ħҪҪѰ׼⡭ѵģ֮ǰƺùף⡭ħIˣ
ľ
쿴ħIһۣԷкƣٴȥ
䣡
һڵħɱħIڳֱӳѹ¡
ħЩ£ʿ㤣ֻоǿһ¶ԴֻʵĳԶȥ±ħⲨв
̧֣֮ͬǰǰ㣬콣âԻն񷣬ħײһ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģƬֱըˡ
ħIĮǲ
ȻʹʿһΪǿӲ̬ȶͬʱǲӡǲߵ˼һ
治񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʵˣǡǿƣ
˿Һ
ħI죬Ц˼ˣĺ˼죬Цĺſܷ漴ЦʧһǿʢħâڳһħȪͻȻ˰㣬ħʮףҲɱ㡣
¡¡ģƬ񷶼Ϊ֮𶯣ǿʢħطһʿħֱ̫ˣһȫʢĸħ˰㡣
ģ˵Ϣ
ƶɵ¶㤡
ৣ
ƿӰգʧһ̱ǳڲϵħIԱߣֱӻ֣һȭգħIա
ŵˡ
˵


1093 ħ
һ㲻£Ǳ˷ǵôֻȭͷԷ˵
ˣ
ıЩĮһȭ飬ǿеһʥı˰㡣
ħIĿ˿ҰͰԵӭȭͷһȭǰȥ
ɲǼ䣬ȭײһ𣬾ֱͬװĺʮɿ쫷硣
ǿƣϲʿ͸ħIЦ漴Цֶһɱ⣺źĶĽ֣գֻɱ㣬ȡ𣡡˵ţһֻֻӶһǳ׹䣬ͷ­
һһȭٴδѣƬռ䶼Ϊ֮ҡ
ɱңƾ㣿
ޱ顣
ܣǻӶһֻ֣һȭӭϡ
˵һȭٴײ쫷֣ʿĤЩ顣
漴ģܱߵֱѿˣһɹɫĿռ
٣
ħIЦ𶯣̼ȭâ졣
ߣȭһϯ˵ľ
϶Ӱ죬һӰȫײ
飡
飡
飡
һ˵ײ涼̮˲١
ƾУ˭Ҳ˭
ģħڵˣȻܹСӶԿ⡭
̲סĥ
ЩԾǷǳжôǿᣬһ·ǹھͬħIϾƺ
ܱħڴħΪգȻһĵȷʵܱ̬
΢ۡ
ͬһʱ䣬طһʿ󾪣ʵħIײ̫ˣֻǽ·һƵġ
ԶͬħIһʱվŲϣж֯ݡ
ʱ׹ɷħδѪԴɷħܹҲ˿һҪǿ٣ϣͬ׵棬Ҳϲ䡣ˣֵܵס
⡭
˾۵һ𣬽Ǿ
¡¡ģ쫷һɹϯˡ
ħI׿񣬳һҰԣһȭӳռ顣
ɫĮûκλڣһȭӭϡ
飡
ȭһײһһ͸𶯲ͬˮưɢܣʮ
ħIøӿҰϢøӾˣһ𶯳ħâںһƬ漴˫ȭڲϴħȭӰѹ
첻˲ͬʱ˫ȭɫâƵܼȭâնϡ
飡
飡
飡
ȭӰȭâײҲ֪˶ã˵ӰԻٴνһ
Ȼǿûʧ
ħIӳңͷڷ衣
һڹħȭѹ£ͬʯƱȸղŸ¡
ȴô
Į
Ӷȭâ˸·̫ɽǰУӭħIϡ
䣡
һ˵ײǽ棬Ƭռ䱻һһδ飬ˡ
תۣʮȥ˸Ժɣһ˳ȥʮԶ
ʵʵ൱
˿Һ
Ǹ죬Ȼ£
ֻɱսҲҲ
ħڵδˣ
ʿľ
ϣ춢ħIûʲô飬ȴ΢΢ЩȻֻ壬ǰ٣䱦ϡǲս壬ħIȴȻôòݡ
ܺãͬڣܾûǶˣĺܲǳ
ħIͷ裬øҰҲӳң¶һЦ
ɫĮǣ㿴ģ
৵һٴһһӰգۼƵħIǰǻȭ
ˣ
һɫ
һΣֱӺʮɵ
̼䣬طضƺҡͬҪһ㡣
ħIɫ΢䣬ȻоһȭĿ£һͺȫȭӭϡ
һߵȭͷٴײһֱӱʮ
ۣ
ѪħI屻ɳȭˣѪܣε¡

ôܣ
ħIһɫ䣬һ衰ħΪյˣδħһ嶼ǿȴȻһͬˣֱۣ
ܣһʿǺȻ
⡭
ǸħIȻֱۣ
Ǹ죿
𺳡
һߣƲɵôЦ
ү˵۴ͬ˭ܹСӵĶ֣

ϣűɳȥħIôǲǾøˡ
ħIסΣֱѪˮ漴תۼ޸죬׿˼֣ң˼֣ͷڷ趯ĸ
ȷʵɱˣζһǳ
ɭЦ
漴һ̣ˣһʮɡ
һħâڳ쫷ϯݻħâ⣬ϵ˻նѳգأ˿ƺƵѹ졣
ߣ죬֮ϴ콣âһ֡
һĽâˮ׹䣬ֱ֮ӳħIȥ
תۣ߱ײһ𣬸Ա飬ɱ֮⽦ƵһʿһˣһЩϱǿҲҲ⣬ס˸
䣡
ҡռŤâħâײˡ
ħIӿҰɭл֯ħâɱ⣬ĺ
ⲻǼ򵥵ǹָħâƣȻһڷǳǿͨ
첻ܣ콣ʵʽâħIնȥ

ײһ𣬾ֱһͬʵĽ졣
нâĽ϶ӿħI
ĺã
ħIңָָ𽣡
͵ģĽתۼǱȫ飬ͬһʱ䣬ħIƾֱ˹֯ǿʢħâݺһӡе콣ϡ

ħI
ħâ˸ħIָ΢ۣץʺ
Įȭ΢գֱ
漴󣬺ĴɽӣȪʥҶݺѪɫѷһһֶȭͬĺħIѹ¡
䣡
ʱ䣬âħ΢𶯰˻ġ
ҵĹâڱҰ
ħ
ͻȻһ
һħIһ޴ħӰֶµ־ģٲ񷣬Ǵ˵еħ֮ٻ˰㣬ֲħƺҪضʴ
ǣ
ħеĺĴ֮ͨһųħӰ⡭
ˣˣ
ʿʧɫϳڿֲħǱ龪
𣡡
ħХħIħӰɸߣħɣɵص̬ѹ£ħһţܽʮضɵ


1094 ҽ
ħӰؼ䣬ƺˡ
΢΢üȻоһĿ£ʹļñ
ȴû˿ηı飬˫ֽӡֱӽӡ֧
ˣ
ӡԻͼɫϽ֯ķ磬¿ʼǣһʱǵֱɴСűİħӰѹȥ
תۼ䣬߾ֱײһ𣬱һħܽ֯Ұ˻ġ
飡
飡
ռ飬촫ħIͬʱɳȥǿȳһѪ
ǿײܾˣ
ơħڵħ
ͼʲô
ܿ£
ܣһʿļ¡
ϣħIͬʱסΣԶŶԷ
ãܺã
ħIЦȾѪħøǿᣬǾħתˡ
һ̣ħâϣٴγݻһħ̶ѹ¡
¡¡
ҡովָգһٴα飬ռ
ʿȻħIֲܿħֱ̫ˣ˲Ȼ
䣡
쫷ϯܡ
ǰĺڷ趯ĿԵЩĮ
ʱ򣬿ħIһСƲԣ߶ĿҰԵԸһ£˵ħIȻƲԸԡ
˵壬ܾòˡ

䣬ûкӹɱħI΢΢һȭֱӺ
໣
쳹˻ģһͷʮɵӰԻЯѹħI
һֱ̣ӻӳȭ
ʮɵӰԾ˫ֱħIħ⣬βһڣħIؿϡ
һħIɣԶҳһ޴ӡ

ħI߱ɫ
ವƿͬһʱ𣬲ϣ첻ͣһһӰֱӳħIɱȥ
ħIҪɱᴿףǵˣȻԷϢĻᡣ
ﬣ
ħһ޴ħԵصնϣ绹죬ͬɱ⡣
켹΢ֹסοܣڼ䲻ݷƳȥʮԶˣȴûгױܿһħֱ۱УѪˮ
ħI¿ϲ񷣬ñ֮ǰ׿񣬳Ұԣɱ⡣
䣡
ħâ֣ϣһħס壬Ĺ⽻֯˸
ȥûһ˵ģħ۳ħ׺۳ħУնѳգͷ­ȥ
ޱ飬˫ֽӡٴγ𱦱ӣҶݺ˶ԶԶĳħIѹϡ

ħIȣһ£ֱӽȫƵǰ
וּһħУͬʵİ㣬ͷ­
ǣħе
áǡ
ħħһ壬ûģħеںĴͨƿֲĺܣ
ʿݡ
СӵģɱһԴﵽһµˮ׼ѶԸ
ѡ
ûʲôĮ
ǰһ̧֣Ļ¡
໣

죬ӰɻӰһ֣һһѹħI
ǿĻȭ
ȫ
ħI׿ħףնħħƵǧ
ĵԡ
䵭
תۼ䣬ٴγײһȭҽ档
¡¡ģ𶯣ɻӰӭħIħӰħIħףٴλصʵһ㡣
ȫ飡
ħIȣħǿʢħħ
ɫĮȭȥʱչʮһݻƿµľˣͬ˷ƽ١
ħIХħ˺أħħɻˣһֻѹ
ѣ
ħIȣһ̽צ졣
һͨצԺɫħͰԵַǴݿࡣ
ͣʮһһ˺飬Ե쫷ʱµ
û˿仯ǚiʩչ쵽£ȭ߶ĸǿᣬӰɻӰøǿ˻ѹȾʮء
ħIͺͷڷ裬ħøǿħڹħɱӿ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĶħһδεը
գ죬ħIħħ飬ɢħɢ
ͬһʱ䣬ԻȭݳӰɻӰҲһķ顣


˸Գ嵽ԷǰħƺͽɫȭֱԷؿڡ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮħIؿڱ飬ؿڱᴩֱʮɡ
⣬ˡ
ÿ£
ս޼⡭
ʿҺ
䣡
䣡
ϣħܳħIסΣתۼ
治սĸоܾûᵽˣĺܺãǳ
ħIЦ
죬ҰͬһͷҰ޶ס㡣
ɱ
һɱֽ֯գħIͿǱ׵˰㣬ħøŨǿƵĿħ⣬ɱϢԵ
нâƣǱøǿˣһͬǻƽİ㣬ͷȾһԣ콣նħI
ת۶ѣٴνһħâƵɱһδεնԷ
ﬣ
ܼ˺ħIħ⣬ĽɱԷš
ͬһʱ䣬ħIħҲؿڣؿڹᴩ
ȣ
ȳһѪĿȴûаɫĮȻħIŵɱһܼħIţ۵ĽħIֱӶɸӡ
ħIѪȴǸ׿һץסļ򣬺ݺһŤ˺´ƬѪ⣬㽫ֱ۶˺
Ŀһ䣬ľڣٴλӶȭŶԷȥ
ħIͻȻħʢһڵħ֣ӭһȭ
ħ֣ܵһжûȥһڶһȻ
໣
ȭƸǿӰٴԻһаɳƸˡ
¡¡ģ߾ײһը
˸ԺɣӶˡ
Ѫɫ˸̫תİתۻָ
棬ħIħâ֯һħӡڳƺҲǼһʥ޸ٶȾǲ˲ϢȬ
עҪУ
ħIɭȻЦħâøӿͬħɽҪ
ԡ
䵭
һϣͼ콣âɱһһֶ
ʱܺƵѹ˻ġ
㣡
ħIɭȻȣһħħӰ´£ʵһ㣬һ˵ħХֱѹ¡
ߣϣͼ콣âһŶԷϡ


1095 춯
ħâһƵ󣬳ܼ콣âͼҲһǰȥӭħIĴ´ħӰֱԡ
ģײطղ̮رҲ顣
ʮħIӰͬʱɳԿȾѪӽԺݺݵҡ¡
úúã˼
ħIЦ
ɫĮһӣɫ콣նƴգֱѹħI
ɫĽС
ħIгҰԣֱӻȭħâƵ콣ѹ¡
϶˫ħâˡ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
һƬƬѣɫĿռͣ
Щ£ܣһʿԭѾ˳˺ԶʱΪ˽ʱȿ£һٴκˣһЩϱǿ߶⣬ľ
ħIȷ£
Ƴ
ܱħڴħΪգѾ˵һ㡣
˵
һһʱ˳˺ԶԶԶħIĽ档
䣡
ܺƵ֯˷ħIս۷壬ɱŨ
ط˵Ŀȫϣһļ£ס˺
ˣ
ͻȻٴ𶯣̫붼ҡͬǷ˴㡣
ڵٴγɭ产ˣ·ǵĴűˡ
Լ䣬˻֮һ
ǣ
ֿʼ緢ˣ
۷أ
һʱ䣬ʿĿⶼǱ˹ȥ
ȥŨЩˣնȾ˲١
ƫͷȥв¶âʱһθӦ𣬱ʱĸо


䣡
ԵħâѹħI죬ʱȻǵҲЩ⣬ȴ죬ΪõڵĴס
ߣȻĿɶħIȴҲȻûкӣֱһȭŶԷȥһĿȭᴩգħIײһ
ˣ
һƬ̫𶯵ĸһѺۿٸֶ
ԶڣˮĽͬʱ渡ֵѺ£һɹͬɽ緢𣬳ѪɫʼһĿʴ졣
ľɷ
춯ݣٺˣͬʱСģҪմȾϡ

ҽ𣬼Ϊʹ࣬һ漶ʿӵصѪɫմȾһ˿һٶȿʼ࣬궼ȥ
ɷܿ£ǵ۶ĳʴԵ궼ڵľɷޱȣ벽ۻմȾ϶пܵ
ȶȻǳ˽⣬һһӰ˵Աߣƽ֯һһС
ô£
ʵ
н֯΢⣺̫ŨˣӰ̫Ĵ󲿷ֵصµΣնпʱ
Ļƶɫ΢ڶ죬ƿ˵Σնĸ֣˵ڵ״ֹۣܲ˵̫ڲһʱ򱬷ˡ
죡ħIҰɫħ⽻֯ܵص׳ɷɱȥףҵģ
ģŰôɷУȻô˼ɵĳ

СӣƷʥ䱬
ҡͷɫԵЩأסص¡
ߣ뿪
ͳ
ص׳ľɷԽԽˣңĸоص»һɸµĲһͷ˯ԶҪ˰㣬һвѹָСָо벽ۻʼǿʱҲ
ﬣ
ħIɱ˹ٴμħȥת۾ҪƵǰ
Ҳʱ̫һһ޺Եص״ʱ佻֯һɿֲϢħIɫ漴ıϢԶ

ħIطľɷʱħIɣɫһ䡣
˴ٶȷǳ죬ʱħIɵķȥ
ҲʱصҰ޺ŨһѿһڵĴͬħٰһƬᴩռ䣬ᴩУɷˡ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ħIߵᴩ漴ֱصס

˵ĲҽԵص״գʧ
ߣǿʢһɢҲо
ƺˣʱԵص׳Ĵ֣һ΢⽻֯˵ٶȸ죺Ȼɫ΢ݣԭɷʱ;õص׻µϢȴû뵽ôǿԤϢһİ벽ۻǿǿʮ֮ࡣ
⡭ʲôƵۣˣƺϰ鳣˵⻰ɵô˸Ͼ߿ɶǴȳ̶ȵǿߣȻתۼһɶʵЩȻ
ʱļº𺧣Կ׼ۻǿˣ
ˣٶһЩ
˵⻰ʱתһƵĽ֯һƹˣûľɷɢʹԼһܸ˳롣
ʱطľɷԽԽ£ңֵҲǿµĺܣһʵԲֵܵˣѡ뿪ȻѡͬʱղڶƬǸӦʱ뿪ȥһҪУ


طŲʿʱ˶˴ѣǱɷմȾʴǱصµĴֹᴩصĸʳ
¡¡ģط𶯵ĸħٰĴֱøࡣ
һһƬһ˶ͷ­ðСɽ޴ͫѪ죬˸ޱȳªĴ֣ÿһͬħһ㣬ͷ­ð𶯣һƬƬ棬ɰʯ
һʱ䣬۵ģطһЩʿٴѣ˶ֱ
ѪˮƮڿУ졣
ģ⡭ڵصµ㣿ʶˣ
Ƶۡ
ƶϽˣ

Ϣ̫ǿᣬǱϣԻᵹù
ˣ
ͻȻַлĹָϵʯ
ƫͷȥһɨʱɫ΢䡣
ǡ
еʯڣ֮ǰǷеõǿƵۻϢɫʱһҪƽơ
ͬһʱ䣬һ̶ԶĿתªͷ­ѪɫͫѪâֱֱס졣


1096 ޵Ԩ
ɫ΢䣬һ˲䣬һɷǳ˵Ϣѹ˹Ҳ֪Ȱ벽ۻʾʿǿ˶ٱһʱ΢
Ȼס죬ӡ
СӣүôȻ޵Ʒ֣ŸոðͷȻͰˣ
ĥ
ͬУ
Ƶۡ
ûƶ죬ʱƽ֯кٶȡ
ವģٶȶ˺ܶ࣬Ƭ̫ķ
ʮֳ鳤գֱѹ
̼䣬һɿ񱩵ֱܣһһ
һҧֱӽֻͼ𣬺ƵʥĹâʮӭȥͬʱǚiƹסƣһԶ
ˣ
ʯУɫɢĹâŨһȸд֯˳
𣡡
𣬶ͫױøѪ죬ʮһѹ䡣
͵һֻͼֱӱ飬ʮ£һ쫷羶ֱѹ
켹ȫʩΪȭ漴ǚiʩչ£ڼ䲻ݷƺԶͷܿ޳ʮ֡
Сӣ⾿ǵˣֻסһ˰
⡣
üʯеǿ񷢳ĹȸŨˣһֽ֮ȡ˳
ƶһƵ⡭Լ⣿ôء
𣡡
һ񱩵𴫳Ϣ˲ʮҪƬ̫ٵ渡ֳһܼѷ죬֩쿪ȥ
Ϣ
ɫ΢䡣
ˡ

֮ǰʵѾĲ²⣬ȴ϶ֱʱʯȡʱø񱩣˵Ĺϵ
ڶصΪ߶״̬ٶȱø죬ط
𣡡
𶯣׷졣
Ĵ𶯣Ƭռ䲻ͣ𶯣һɹɻԵĴ֯УȥȻ촦ڶأҲоһľ
СӣϽ񶪵ôȥǿܻᱻ˵ģ
ƻëҪˡ
ãڶã

Ըоˣʱ㶪Ҳһá
¡¡ģ̫ľת£Ƴȥٶ˦ͷޡΪĺܿ£һİ벽ۻǿ̫ˣʵҪ濹⣬ǲܵ£ʱ򣬼ѵѡ
𣡡
𣬴Ƚţ棬졣
һɹ̳ɰʯһѺ۸ٵӣԵúˡ
һ·ȥת۱ǿǧɵľ롣
䣡
̫һƬ𣬹ɫڱθ죬ȾһС
ХУӦ˸ŨһӾ¡
áþ˵Сӣ֮ǰᵽ
һ
ʱﵽһ˵ŨȣҲˡ
үҲˣ
ƶ˫۷Ź⡣
ʱûдǣǚiٷӣΪӺ׷Ϣøˣͬĺ
ʱûȥƷʥΪȡҲûʲôãֻٶ˦ԷӴĿǰΪЧķ
ˣ
קŲ̫ľתĸ죬ɫڣٶһء
ʱƣľ˼ࡣ
Сӣټ٣
ƽе
û˵ɫӷڣƣǚi߶ĸˣٶ˲٣˦󣬽ûӰ
ʱٶȴǲûҪһԷ˦ĸԶЩ
ǿ񡭡оǼʲô޵ĵˡ
˵
үҲĸоɡΪʲô񣬲ӦۻĶôᱻаǺޣô£
ƺܺ档
漴һһ졣
ӭǵ֪
У˵ķŹ⣬һ˿˿ȸСԴˣȻɻȻ⣬ȴ벻ʲôҲͲˣֽ֮뵽ʯУԸٶȳȥҪȡСһ
ģƣԽԽӦԽԽŨ漴ڶصΪȫʩչǚi֮󣬴Լȥһʱʱ䣬ǴƬ̫
ȥǰɽڱһ޴ĺɫԨʵرϣԵ÷ǳͻأǸճֲãһײ
ǣ
Ԩһǲɵһ궼һ¡


1097 ۷Կ
Ԩڣײһƺɫ·ԵЩɭ䣬ԨȥһͷſѪڣ֯Ϣ춼ľ
桭һֺܲĸо
ӡ
춢Ԩ£ȻľɫȴǺܿƽн֯һƾâǿɨԨײ
ô
ʵ
ףȷʵǴ洫
˵
¡¡ģʱ󷽴˵һ޴Ѻ۴Զͷ׷ɱѪɫڹƶ̬ˡ
𣡡
гɭ͵⣬ֱֱĶ졣
ģ׷ˣ
ĥ
ͷϢЩ£Կ׼ۻˣǺҲԶԶǶ֡
쳯ۣǰԨȥ
䣬ûԥֱһԾ¡
ʱͷµ׷ɱѾû·ҪǣĸоǴ洫ҪѰȻȥ
ƼԾ£ʱȻҲԥҲһԾ¡
ģһԾԨߴ磬ɭɭʹ嶼ɵЩ
أ
˻֮·һ䣬Ŀ
ʮͷǲž˵ϢͬǵĹʹ߰㣬ֱһȥ
ɫƽһӣʱƬĽɫâƶϵն¡
һʱ䣬͵Ĵ촫һʮͷȫն顣
ֻһСһǲ⣬Ԩײȥ
䣡
˵ɭϷһǿʢ쫷磬һ˽һ
ͷ֣ģȻҲˣ죬̲ס˷ۣ˵Сӣ񵽵ǿɫôôͷĵǣҪǸˣôһ鷳
ң˵ˣھ㶪ҲûãѾ׼ǡ
ǱʶãǿӦûá
ɨһϷͷ׼ۼڿȴûηı顣֮ǰһ·ѾˣȻܿ£Ƕ֣ٶȣԷȴǲôУȫٶ˦Է
һ㡣
Ƶ
һͬʱٶȣߵ죬ûñ㵽Ԩײ
ȥԨײǳ󣬿н֯źԵЩʪֻǼ򵥵ĲȥҲڵ½ӡ
𣡡
޵ͷԵúǴ̶ͷĹƽ
ߣ
̽ѰúѰԴͷڣԨµλãкƾֱȥ
ԨµĿǳ䣬һ˵ȴ㲻ʲôϾҲǰ벽Σȳ̶ȵϢɲʲôӰ졣
裡
һͬţааǰĵص³ѪܣǴѪðһ㣬̽ö޴צӣһץ˹ȥ
ǰɫ˿ûб仯΢̧֯һɫָâ
۵һаﵱǱķ顣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮һϢһƣǰУԽԽž˵ϢͬǵȺʼһ־ˡ
ﻹ࣡

·ôŨҪǹа鲻࣬ǾͲˡ

ûʲôһɫâ֣ͬ쫷һ㳯ܵ
۵ģĹûһ⣬ȫȽâ
Ǵڶ죬һĹаܵ
ٶͦ죬ƸնһͷͷúǰһͭڵϣѾԵúܲƣһɹ˵ڲ񷣬ǵȳ̶ȵǴӵڴܳһ㡣
֮ǰǴͭڳ⹬˭µģʲôҰʷϼصһۻʵķĹ
ƳԾͬʱ˫۷⡣
һ۷أղأһǳḻ˵ܹѰһȱ챦
춢н֯տտâٴθӦϤκʱҪŨңǴӹλô
𣡡
޵ʹⷽΪ֮𶯣ͷ׷
쳯ɨۣǰͭ˵λͭڣ漴кһһŹȥ
ߣ
еŨ΢ԵЩ˷ܡ
ǰգۼǿͭĵţ󣬾ͭŵ˲䣬һƬƬֱ֯ӽ˿ȥ硣
ǡۻʼĵƣ
סΣ΢䡣
ǰһƵƽ֯һγһ޴Ĺ֣żΪǿϢͭС
⡭ϳȵƵĲЩƣǵۻʼǿ߶֣򲻿ƻ
ộƵۣ˵ЩֱӴ𣿡
ЩǷⲻڣ˶Ҫ룬Ǿͻǳѡ

⡭˵ǽȥˣſڣһ۷ذôһ⣬ֻվ濴ţУСӲ˵ͭλһҲ޷õˣ
ҡͷû취ЩȫԵۻ֣֮˵̫ǿˡ
춢ǰüͷ΢壬òѰһѰľλöϵȴȻȥ
ˣ
ʱʯУǿɫɢĹâǿ֮ǰǿʮиȵϢ֯ʹʯռ䲻ɵûζҪѵơ
΢æʯȡ
ˣ
ϵĹâŨȸʢΪоıЩ̣һֽҪۻĸо
΢΢üһ䣬Ϊͭĵƺ䶶֯һƹâںеĲ
⡭ĵƾȻѵƵˣ񵱳ĳߣ
ݡ
¶âοȥĵƵˣȷʵпܾе񵱳ĳߣΪеĳߵһƵĵʱ˹ֻͿ˵ͨ

Ųѹǰĵơ
ȻطƵĿӡпеĲ񵱳ĳߣ֮һƶԷĵôãӦÿԴЩơ
д΢⣬Ųǰֱ۾ֱǰĵơ
Ȼԣ
ǰһ
ۣǶݡ
Сӣȼ֮֮ǰûΪͷֶ־ϲ⣬ֱǴ۷صԿװ


1098 ϵĹ
ԭѾΪΪƵĹϵ޷ͭڣ޷õеȴɫȻĵƹ֮û룬ʹƽǾϲһЦ֮ǰĸоǶԵģƬȻá
䣡
˵ɷԶ𶯣һѺۡ
ȥڲԶ˹
ʱĿҵĲʮռ¡¡졣
ǽȥ
кƵ
æͷʱͷǿǿûԥʱ䣬ԼٿԱߡ
ת̫ľ͸ɢâԼһֱ֣кƴйƹĻƶ档
ͬһʱ䣬ͷɱǰʮ־ֱͭĵƹĻϡ
飡
һͷֱӱɣȥԶľ룬ڵ󽫵ҳһѺۡ
׼ۼĹȻˣơǼ̵Ŀ£
Ƶ漴죬Խӵľã֮ǰûΪͷɫʵ̫ˡ
⣬ͫѪ죬ɷƵѪɫһγ
һΣƵɱȸղǿ౶ǿˣȴûʲôı䣬ƹĻһαɣˤȥǧԶһѪˮ˳
ȵƣԽǿȥײܵķԽ£ûֶζ뿿ƽ⣬ֻеۻʼΪõ漴ֶ˵￴ֻɱɷܣʶ·ΪƵġ
𣡡
ٴʮ붯ƹĻһαɡ
һʱ䣬ϣѪˮϻ
쿴һۣȻڶԷΪôִѰĲгɱɷȴûȥ⣬ȥ룬Ϊº塣
ߡ
кƣƿͭĴţȶУֱӿ빬֮ڡ
Сţ
˴ȥ
ȻûҲſڡ
ͭڣһʱ䶼Ǹоһ˵⣬·ǽ˰㣬һƤ񶼲ɵð˳
СЩ

ּϿȥͭȷʵпһۻʼǿߣѾкܳˡôԶ£⹬Ĳ֪˶ٿµаа벽ۻʼĹҲǷǳ¡
ƵͷȻ֪Ļʲô˼鶼Ǳý
ԵһƬ谵ûʲôߣֻһΨһĵͨһʱƵĽŲʱĻصհհɵ졣
ಣ
ǰһѪɫĹΪһͷߵдѪⸯζϢǳ£˺һ漶ʿԲ̫
̧֣򵥳һƣͷĵķ飬Ѫһء

صаͷʮֻۣѪˡ
ƶ֣ʮ콣𣬼һƵаϡ
۵һͷǿߵаը鿪
ôүҲ˰벽ССͨô
ĵ
бһۣȥ
ɭǿҪŨ࣬һǸԳĻĻ壬ƽȣûйȥñǽ߳ɾ롣
𣡡
̶˻𣬼ͷǿаѪⸯãһּΪ˵ĸо
֣ʮâնȺû뼸ͷؿڣתۼȫն
䣡
ڵӿӿɽ鱩˰㣬мһ˫˫Ѫɫͫףи֣Σ̬һⶼѪⸯãϢŨЩˣвٿڵĹʥڡ
ʥͷ
ƵۣԣʥĹž޴ѹġ
ɫƽü΢һƬƬڰƮϣ漴ವĳǰᴩȥ
һʱ䣬͵еһͷͷȺն
˵ȥĹңλõ
й⡣
طĹһױȵֵ
ֹסŲȥ
ˣ
Уɫ񷢳ҫ۵ĹâΪȣһƹâеˮưָǰ
΢΢ݣǰдһƹֻȥĹˡ
ԭҳȻȥĹңϾѰСһԳܿһ˵ʵǸʱȥĹҽУԵðȫࡣʱȴǲòı뷨ΪŲâķֱӷĹҵλãǺӦеڵλһþλ֮ϡ
ҪڳͱȽĹңĹĴ뵽ڲȥ
򵥽ƽ£ʹһһҲǲɵһ
û취ˣֻȥĹˡƵ˫۽֯һƹ˫صĴţһΣһҪȡһȱ챦
С㻹ǲҪڴȽϺãҪ֪챦ĲϷǳѰһĵۻʼǿߣû챦ȱġбһۣ漴죺˵СӣƿĵƣӦĹңѵ˵Ĺĳߣ
΢΢ü룬˵Ӧþ
ĵӦĹܹǰ㴩йϣټеѾ˵ĹżĹϵʱϵĵʹӦĹڣ;Ĺ֮ˡ
أ룬ϽģǵĹȥ
ԵЩ˷ܡ
бһۣŲ񣬳ǰȥ
Ҵ·Ǹš
˵
Ȼǵͷ󣬳ȥ
һȥ⹬ڵŨҲ䡣
߳ȥɾವ𣬴һɹĹѪâһ˫˫ͫмΪ˵Ϣѹ£
ģйʥа

һۻǿߵĹƺгˣйʥаӦģûвŷ֡

ವģһͷͷǰͷʥĴڣźںĹ󣬸Ǹһڵа
˵һĺǿˣҲñ˺顣
ϣܼҡҷһƬ꣬ݵĳǰնȥ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һһͷͷȺ·顣
ǰרſа·նһͷͷǿа飬ڰʱһŵʯǰ
ˣ
ʯ˵һƾâ֯


1099 
ʯҵŲϴһƬƬɳûκεͼԵ÷ǳء
Ĺң
˫۷
ͷ̯֣еĲ񷢳ĹâŨˣһĨĨֱָǰʯҡ

˵
ʱҲ˫΢򿪣ȥ
һۻʵĹңջǼģͬʱĹҵλһȱǱøӵŨҡ
̧ʯϣʱоһɴ̹ǵıͬ˰㣬ʹоһЩɭСȳ̶ȵ⣬ܹܵ˵ģʯϵ΢΢һ֨ѽһ죬ֱʯƿ
ʱ䣬¡¡ģڵͬ˰㣬ֱӴʯ֮˳
һԤϵ˻һĻԣڳſʯŵһ˲֧ǿĻԼƻУûܵʴ
ǡ
ܣһʿƻᱻֱڻİɡ
ƽľ
ڵϴʯźӿֱȥʮ󣬷
ߡ

ǰɫĻ壬ʯڡ
漴ʱ䣬΢΢һҲһ𣬽һļ¸С
һ̧ͷȥֻʯڲĿռԼŰƽŨʯӿԵüΪտͷһɿݵӰţһħɽ㣬һɻĵۻϢ˵ĺ⽻֯ϡ
һǡĹ
Ȼˣ
Щ⡣
Ȼֹһۻǿߣۻǿߵʬ壬ȴǵһμ
ǰĸɿݵʬо˶ԷϢжô£ΪüЩֽЩǲɵһݣۻʼﵱǺܿ£ֻһʬѣҲܸѹȸС
ˣ
ͻȻУ񷢳˵ĹâŨֱӣɢȸ
ʱ䣬оŲֱҵʹУһֽ֮˳ȥ
ҲʱʯҵľͷǸɿݵĵʬɢϢͻأÿʮһɹɿϯʯøŨŨЩˡ
漴Ĺ֣Ǹɿݵʬ˫ۣŨ
⡭ˣ
ƶǴʧɫ
һʱԸо˼ǿѹȸУЩ΢ʹ
Ǿ߸ɿݵʬ֣Էڲû˫ۣƺֱֱϣ˵еĲϡ
ƶĿ⣬ڸɿӰؿڣԷĲǹһ񣬶ȱڴеĲȱȫǺϣߺһܹһ
һȻеĲĹĳңȷʵĹĶ
ˣ
УɫĲ񷢳ȵĹââҫۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʯҾͷǸɿݵʬ˫УĹŨؿڴǿǷ˵ĹеĲ
⡭
ƶǶݡ
춢ʯĸɿӰ˶٣ԭصţ漴һɫ񣬳ʯҾͷĵʬȥ
ɿݵʬһͻأӦѾȥȴҲ˫ۣΪеɫĹϵʱǱʶãӦýеĲ͹ȥʬؿڵĲһԭӦÿߵʬȻãпܻߵʬʬ䣬ʱ򣬿ɾˡ
һߵʬʬ䣬Իʹһȫû˿ʡ
Сʲô
һ
ʱʯڵŨĿ£ԴͷǾߵʬңǵʬۣԵùޱȣʬǷǳΣյ¡
ҲǶݿڣ𿿽ʲô⡣
ģûµġ
챳һһ
ʵϣʱŲŸɿݵʬ֮ǰǹ˵ѹȸкͱзʧˣ·Ǿߵʬ֪Ҫǰ黹㡣
ˣƽܿɿݵʬǰ
ʬţ˫ţûһϢͫȴƶƶʼеǿ֮ϡ
ٴһŵʬؿڵĲ񣬽вȱڴʬؿڴǲȱڴ֮һ
ʱ˵һǢ͵ĵطһ΢죬漴תۼںΪһ
һʱ䣬ҫ۵ĹâȴºͣתɢƬռڵ
ǣ
һ֮ǰѹֺͱ˲ʧʱоһ˿ů
ʬǰһһ̣һʶ΢𣬺һģĻʶУʹһʱЩʡ
һСкؿڹһһ·ɳΰӣ۾ӲֱԪҪɿʱ̫¹Ἲ
һ̣һͷ̫й֯ȡʮϢɣˣ־塣ȻԪɿݵԹ߳սһ𣬽֮صףնǣҲʱƿӿѪѰ˰ΣȴδѰ˥ĵصʯңԪͬл㾶ֱϨ
漴˫΢һ±
СţǵԸĸ𣿡ԪҪɿݵʱΪֹǿһսĻնҲʱ飬ΪϢ͹Ϊ̫ڵĸֽûܹѰ׹Ĳ񣬻صʯҺ֮𵱳Ϩ𡣡
䣬ˣΪĹڶеĲʱǰ㷢ԭҲǵ۾ĴڣĹն˻ǣڣȴˡ󣬾ô̫꣬ص׵ĸɷħ£Էδһа飬ûʶǱŶԵ֮ɱĹĺ⣬ԸӦϵĲϵĵ׷š
ԭ

ʱĹһ˿⣬ԷԪѾƵٸɿݵ£ʱȴҲǾֱͦǵۼնɱͲԪȴתɣȱʧӵؾܲ
ˣ
ͻȻ϶Ϊһâʢһǿʢĵӿֱӽ
һ壬ʹڵ
ǣ
΢΢һʱȵ壬ΪͻȻ俪ʼҲǷɿıǿʢʹ̫ľתɢΪҵĽɫ⣬תۼǽʯյһƬһ
⡭
󷽣ҲǴ󾪶ݣʱԲϢһٶתǿһ࣬û˿Ҫͣµƣһ·ϳ塣


1100 ǿվ
ϵľѸǿĹĵԺһӿڣһޱȴĵѪ⾭УʹΪʼɿĳ
һ
ˣ
⣬ɫøŨҲøǿʢܡ
ʹЩȣܿҲǾͱƽֱԭϥ£Լת̫ľӿڵĵ֮Ѫ⾭ǡ
ԼӿڵĵϵϢĸ죬תۼǴڶسڣٽڶжΡ
⡭
񵽵񣬿ǡ׬ˣ
ƽԵۡ
֮ǰΪĹԭǶ춪ȴ룬ǰǽۻʹһַһƵ졣
һڴذ
СӣԴǿʯͺõû

ɫ⽻֯ƣʹɢϢԽԽǿһƵĳԶͣ°㣬ʱѾǿڶжΡ
ˣ
ŽɫԾط΢΢
ϥϣת̫ľڵĵׯϡ
ˣһۣչȥ
һ죬Ϣﵽһٽ㣬ͻȻֱ忪ʼʯ
Ҫˣڶ壡
һ
С㣡ͳڿʼҪ˵ˣ
ڣʿһǳΣյḶ́ܵĸţпܵʧܣһʧܣϣĽ֡
ʱ쿪ʼڶ壬ʯǷŵģȽϴпγɸΪ˱֤ľ԰ȫԣְá
ڵʬȻܲԼʯ֪Լڽµ壬Լ񣬵ıޱƽȺͰ
ˣģϵϢԽԽĲֿʼʯ˫ȵӸؿڣؿڵͷ­תۼ䣬ȫ˰ʯʡ
֪ǽؼ׶ΣһԲĬĬһߡ
һʱ䣬ʯҶʱԵޱȰ
廯ʯڵأһʯϢ㡣
ʱţһۣ¹ȥ

һ죬һʯѺۣͬ֩ɢ
漴ϴʯʵ忪ʼһѺ۱ѣһʯ䣬¶һǡ
ˣ
лһĨâ
أģٶȿǿ죡
ĥ
ǰʯȫ䣬ڶɣ˫ۡ
ʱ䣬һƾâ˫һûݵʯҡ
ȥɣʱΪڶؿأоԼѪ⣬ʶ˼ǿ
ʵǿһأ
ÿһΣʵͻᷢһη츲صĴ仯

˶٣һЦվ
ȻҲһ̣ʶͻأһһ嫵ͼʶУ·У·һƬĺڰУ޾ǳܡһ˫ǳҪ޴Ӻǿˣ佻֯Į·ʱ֮ǿеһӰ
Ӱ޳ȴɽӣǿУȴ·ǿղ˽ŵףһ޾ǳһȭǿߴľ޴Ӻȥ
ǿտʼ𣬿ʼ㣬һƬѪˮըǿ˵˫ĮӰ䣬ѪȾǿգδ֪
ȣ
һ𣬵ȳһѪһ˲ޱȱ
ƶһһ˹ȥСӣôˣ
û¡ȣ
ҡͷһѪˮӿпȳͬʱͷ­һɾҵʹУİȥѪˮͣ
⻹û£
ۡ
˲ӣ񰡣ҪҲУڰɣ
Ҳǡ
֣΢΢ЩϢоͷ­ʹͬʱؿҲޱȵѹ֡
ô£ǵʲô
ҧ
棬ǵڶγʶˣȫͻأ֣ÿһγֶⴴȻʲô˲õĴˣȴĵоޱȵѹ֡
ڵشϢת̫ľԼƽκվ
ˣ
ʶͻأ䣬һ֡
ͬţ·ȻУ·侳һƬĲԭһһ׸ߵĺͯڸżֻɽϴŲ·
һ׸ߵĺͯңһСݱޣЦŸֻǣȴôҲԷա
һۣʧӰ٣ؿ΢ͷ­ǴҵʹС
ʹ̫ң̫ܣȻûʲôˣȴʹ࣬ںݺԴʶΪ֮΢΢ζ¡
ʹ̫ңʹסԴԴʹС
Сӣ⵽ô£ү
ۡ
ʶôã֮±һδķʱûôʹȴ㣬ɵЩǡ
ԱߣҲǿ죬еĵǷǳԡ
촭Ϣû¡
£ٴת̫ľʹýɫת۱鲼ȫǿʢڵÿһ䣬Ѿҵ
ˣһۣȥ
ƽ˫ۣվ
û£
ʵ
ĬĬ죬Щġ
û£õġ

ʱȻûʶͻȻֵ棬ȴѾƽͷ­ڵǹɾʹѾʧӰ١
ȷû£
ü
Цġ
´Ҳһ߳졣
ܾùֵֹġƹ棬ܿҲͲˣΪ˿̣Ϣǳƽȣȷʵµӡ˵ţɨʯң̲ס˷ۣԭΪĹѰ౦룬ȻʲôҲûС
ʱʯңгǾ߸ɿݵʬ⣬ʲôҲûУ˵챦һڹײĶ
ʧ
Ҳɵõ
һۻʵĹȻʲôҲûУȷʵͦʧġ
Դ˵ǲ⣬ңΪ͸֪йĹһЩ£ǶĹһľ⣬Ц⣬͵һǰͳߡ˵ţŵң治ǻ𡣡
ôһ˵ƶʱֶ˫ǵ˵ͷ
͵أϽڳ
˫۷Ź⡣
һȱ֮ڶʱ뵽Ρ
ڣһǿɾһ˵ɱ䣬һʵķԾ


1101 
΢΢ͷƴʱļ֮ġ
˿һ㡣
˵
䣬ߵⷽʯҵλã۲ԶǾߵʬǷ漴ŵӶһûصףһŵ׵ĹһֱԼĶڡŵӿƸ࣬Լٶûص¡
ԭأ̽£һҲɫƽת۱ʮȥ
໣
һԵص״ͬ˰㡣
֮ǣһɺ嫴⵽µܳת۳ʯҡ
һʱ䣬һԲɵһֻûë׶չ˿̹ͨ
˳𿪵ĶѨȥص׹ڣâ⣬һƬ磬ԼԿһͷ޴ţҪϲ
񡭡ȱ
˫۷Ź⣬ק˫֣嶼Щ΢΢
ԱߣҲޱ˷ܣⲻ˸
Ͼһܾۺ壬Ƭ嫵ĵھҲͶʮһЩ벽ۻҲѰĵ˵еء
ѽ
һڴ
ԴԱߣСһо˰˹
һЦһ񵰴Ʈܱ߽֯һƵ͹â
ѽ
СһַȻƿǶȴѾԼʶΧתһȦɢĹâͣԵ÷ǳĸˡ
ǸСһö񵰣
ƵۣһμСһ
ͷ漴Ʈϵ񵰣ָָĹµЦСһӦÿԳˣǸôá
һ𣬵һ͹âСһַѽ͵ĹâƵԣ·ڰοƵģн֯һɿġ
һЦָ·ȥɡ
Сһַһ΢⣬漴ֱû·һӾԾĹµ֮ڡ
ʱ䣬ȱΪ֮һ£ͬХһ㳯ӿʹ񵰱һʱԽԽâҫۡ
ҲȥҾͲȥˣΪǻ
ƫͷ˵
ո죬̵Ҫûб
Ȼ֪ʲôǵͷһ˷ܵı飬ȺԾ£Ͷ·ڡ
漴һһǸתԼķž
һʱ䣬ֲһĹâ֯һһϢǷɿĳʹϸγһ΢СУ˵죬ֱǰ
һߣ죬Сһȡǽ֯һУȴǱϵдˣʮҲֹ
ˣ
䵰һƸӵƽ֯ԽԽԽԽ財
վĹ¿һУɵЦ
һΣСһܳ
·СһתԵĹžķϢڲϵһжԵúȶûʲôԵĵġ
һʱ䣬ЩͫȻӳڵĳԺȴǲɵ¡
ǵʲô

ǰһͻأֵǷ棬˫޴ӣǵӰʼͻԼʶΪʲôĻ棬ǲֹһˣÿζ𣬱ȶٻоѹ֡Ǹɽĺ֪ͯΪʲôȻǺͯģȴԼ÷ǳϤ
ôţͷ­ǲɵоʹؿǱѹ˿ʯѹ֡
һ꣬ݺҡҡͷԼһЩ
Ϊʲô
ȭͷ
Ĵ֪ʲôһֱ⣬ʶгֵȻȴЩա
ü˼ȴʲôҲ벻ףʹԼӵѹֺͷꡣ
ˣ
â֯貶Ŀ·ڴСһﵰƱøʱ˼
һĻɵñ
漴һһλ˻Դ
ˡ
ȥˡ
ʵǣôȥǷ벻ʲôֻʲô¡
·ڣٵӿڣӿڣʹɢϢһٶԶͣ¡
վϷĬĬĻ
ˣһۣ¹ȥ
䣡
һ죬һɾ˵ϯͬһ캣ˣǾˡ
үٴοˣ
ĿЦ
У˳֯Ũ⣬Ϣǿ˼£еâƣһɴĵ֯
ˮ֮
Ŀ΢ݡ
֮ǰƿдƺһˮ֮
Ц˵ˣ󣬻ƿصĴдүĸˮ֮үڶʿҲˣʱƿһµĴƿص˵ţ죬ֵȻˣСǸ⣬죬һҲûƿء
ʱͦ˷ܵģϾǵڶο룬ʵһʵĳԾһʿǿ̫ˣԿͬ塣
бһۣû˵ʲô¡
ٺٵĵЦΪǵڶֻǻʱǹΪӦ¾磬漴һҲĹµ֮ڡ
ˣ
ˣ
֮УƺСһⶼǽ貵ĹâϢ
Ȼ񵰱ȻҪĹâ࣬޷ȡ
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬һǿʢ쫷磬Ϣͬһɽ緢˰㣬תһߵ㣬һɹɹˣһɹǿʢĴ֯ڡ
СҲˣиᴩǲĴ
ۡ
·һЦ
һڳһǿ絽Աߡ
ٺ٣
һ˷ܵı顣
Ӱ벽ȻֻһСмĲ࣬Ƿǳľ޴
ոȹһ¡
˵
˽⣡
ƵԱۣ߱Ҳϥ£תžԼΪֱպ󷽲˫ۣϢȶͬһȪ
ͷ·
СһƱøˣʮϯ
û
ƶ·
Ҫʱ䡣

Ķ·ĬĬһߡ
ˣתۼ䣬һ¹ȥ
һ죬ȱҪķѸɾˣСһ˼㣬ʼ䣬һĹâһƵû뵽񵰵ȥ
䣡
ʱһɼΪ˵Ϣ֯ͭʼζ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ϣӰԻɻ˵ճԽ嫺ȸ죬һ־֣鲼񷣬顣


1102 Сһ
̫Ͽգһһ̼䲼⣬ʮΪ֮սսһʥϢ֯񷶥ˡ
ǣ
ʲôôͻȻ
Щô£
̫ŲʿһŲϣһǴ󾪡

ͭĹС
ˣ
Ĺ·ڣ񵰱Ʒɿ䣬ٵӿС
һʱ䣬â貣ʮռסˣ̵۾
漴ܣһƸ֣Բ״ܣ񵰡
¡¡
ͭӾҵĻζطɵóһѺۣͬ֩һ㳯ӿȥһ̾Ҫһ㡣
⡭
ƵۣΪ֮ļ£⻹ûƿǶȻѾֳơ
ڴ
зŹ⡣
춢·˫н֯һƾâϸϸĶСһ񵰵ı仯
ȥⷽĹʯ֮£ʣӿĳӿȥʹõĸ죬ָ֮Ѹٵû뵽֮С
ʱ˵Ϣ֯ʯڣͭС
ʹͭڵһͷͷڰеȻǿĹʥҲһΪϢڵ˲Ϣ併ʮ
վĹʯڣĶ·ڣеľâΪ֮øŨ
ˣ
ڣâƣռģ񵰱ȫӿ뵽֮УʹɢϢӻ嫣һǿա
ܣһƳΧУ̷ͬһ㡣
ˣһ۱չȥ

һ죬һ촫Ĺ񵰱һѺۣмΪ˵ɫ⻷ƶ
ɲǼ䣬ͭٴΪ֮һƶķǿǳݵȣһһ֡
ǡ
ɵõۡ
ƣʵЩˡ
˰
˿Һ
춢·֪Сһܲһ㣬ʱɲɵóԾ
ȳȷʵǺ𺳡

һ촫󣬿񵰱ѺԽԽ࣬ɢɫԽԽŨ
ֱֹȥʮһϲġѽƿһɫԴԻܵʱ价ƶϣͨΪ֮
춢·ɫ΢ϲʱôãСһڴƿǶˡ
ˣ
·Ѿĸɾɫ⽻֯󻺻ɢ
ȥһֻƯСһĹ£ѩףһԹֻСצë׵ģ۾һƬˮ⻷һɫ⡣
ùԣ
첻ɵõô֡
Ҳۣ಻
ܿɰ
Ƶ
ò˵СһģĺܿɰҪǱһЩŮԻ
Ĺ£Сһɫ㣬СԴһˣĿܿϣʱһһ󣬺һ˲˵ǰѽ졣Сһģϲ䰡䡣
СһﻹڵʱѾԼʶȻ֪֡
ϴЦСһëǳڳˡ
ѽСһۣһɵӣ漴ƫͷƣ۾ˮģĵåСһʱƵĳƺʱҲôк˳գգ۾

һСһåʵʮֱŤ
Сһɰ
ƴЦڡȳƺһҲִ
첻ɵЦԽСһͦɰˡ
Ʋ죬ƶСһȻˣСһȡְɡ
ôһ˵첻ɵõͷȷʵӦøСһȡ֡
Сһգ۾ҪԼȡֱֱ֣졣
Сװɣֱӡ
ڵ
бһ𣿡
Сһŵͷͬеӡ
ǽдװɡ
Ƶ
ðߣûסһš
Ҳָˣ룬Сһͽ̫ô
ʵϣȡνġ̫Ҳֱȡ̫ǰֻ֣ͦ
̫Ƶţ΢оȥ
ǵͷԡ
Сһôòã
ѽ
СһﻶĽ۾гСȻǶͦϲ
һЦǾôˣС̫
Сһգ۾Ӧ漴ſԴϡ
һЦɨʯңʯҾͷĵʬƿĹһָԭ״ǿڵ߰ɡ
õƴﵽСһջ񿰳ƾ޴ʱûбҪˡ
۲һСһʵ𣿡
ƶС̫ǳ⡣
ԱߣдŨŨ⣬ȻҲǳ֪һ㡣
ҪҲȥɡ

Ҳԣط̫խˡƵͷʯҾͷǾߵʬ˵СӣǾߵʬߺ£һߵʬҲһأ
ᡣ

͸ǿ֪ĹһЩ£ʱ֣ƴʣԪΪնһסĹˣҪأôܶԶԷʬ
һοʯҾͷĵʬתʯ߳ܿ˳ȥ
ƺɵĿһۣҲûʲôʼ磬ȥ
Ȼͣһα뿪ʯҡ
߳ʯң߳潫ʯŹرգ뿪
⹬ڵĿռԵЩ谵У߲ʱһ˵ĽŲ
˵о⹬ڵͺ⣬ʱ˺ܶడңȻûһֻܳϮǡ
ƱйŹ֡
Щ֡ͷ漴ƺ뵽ʲôͷϵС̫ΪСһԭɣǽʱڶСһǽʱһƬƬϮɱȴûУڶһСһ֮Сһﻹδʱʥη壬ãСһſͷֱɢϢðеа־ˡ
ôһ˵ƲɵöݣͷСһҲúпܡ
ɨһۣҲû˵ʲôԹԵǰȥ
ߴĽŲɣհհɵģʼûаϮɱǡ󣬺ܿ죬һӹȥһߵͭԵֱӴڱԵĵڴйȥûܵһ˿һ谭
ˡ
Ʋɵõ
û˵ʲôͭʱ·ȥ׼뿪Ƭ̫ˡ
䣡
ʱһɼΪ˵ɷϯڤŻ˰㣬ԶĴֳʣǰͷĹ˹Ѫɫͫн֯ŨŨֱֱס죬Ѫɫɷ鲼¡


1103 ΧŹħI
ɱɷӿǿʮռ䡣
ģȻһֱ棬ʲôʲôް
Ƶۡ
üǰǲһ㣬һС̨״ﵽ죬ȴҲԶȿ׼ۼĶ֡
ʶ㣬Ҫ濹⣬ٶȥ
˵
䣡
ǰɷøŨӿɲٶȾȻҲΪ֮תۼǿɾ룬ɳѪɫͫĶ졣
һ̣ͷ׼ۼ͵һͣ
ȥĿͷС̫ϣǿʲôֲĶ㣬Ӵֹסɪɪָоèһ㡣
һʱ䣬죬ƶһ¶ı顣
ʱȻܿǰηʲôΪԷĿС̫ϵģʹһҲɵСһ
⡭
ƵۣҲǳԾ
׼۵ȻֻǿСһ³ӣһҲҶˡ
춼ɵþһ£֪СһһԻǳһ㣬ǳǿ󣬵ȴҲû뵽ôţֻſͷ׼־塣
ѽ
СһȻע⵽һˮĴ۾գգԵЩɻӡ
ǡ˲ã

Ƶͷ漴ֿСһ˵СһʲôࣿӡûмңżƺҲûļء֣Сһôǿ󣬹ʷӦûһЩزŶԵİ
̧ͷͷСһȻҲܺ棬ȴҲû̫⡣
ǧ嫣żܼص̫ˣȥ⡣
˵
ѽ
С̫ģĵСԴ
һЦǰֻԷʱ򶶵ĸˣһţС̫ǿ־塣
˶٣ԭС̫ĨԷ뻹ˣûǸҪϾɱɱԷӰ춼󡣶ңͷѾǵͷۼˣѾɱֻ֮µѡ
߰ɡ
кƵ
ʱͷɪɪƴԱ߹һҲûУоС̫ĸˣеĿ־Ũ
Դˣǲ⣬ȲǰУ漴ڿն𣬺ܿ뿪Ԩ絽Ԩ֮ϡ
ȥˡ
˵漴·ȥ׼뿪Ƭ̫ˡ
ϾĿѾﵽˣûطıҪ
̫ŵԨ籡ƮڸԵЩ䣬ҲԵЩʪ棬ʱʱ͵졣
һ˵ٶȲ죬ȴҲú߹˼Զ룬ʿӰ٣඼ǿߣСĳ̫ȥжǴ⣬ȻΪǷνĵ۷ضȥ
һ㣬֮ǰǵȹѾǹȥ£Щ˾Ȼ磬Ƕǵ۷ִͦŵġϧע˻һá
ƹ档
ĵ۷أͭѾȥˣ˵ԭûκαУЩͨʿҲ粻ǲϣһжͽ͡
û˵ʲôܰǰ̫·ƽȥ
ǡ
Ǹ죿
Ǹˣ
ǡ
⡭
ʿӰ̫߳ʱ¶ݡ
ûκ⣬ûȥЩʿһۣԹԵĳȥ
ܿ죬ǿ˸ʿѾǽӽ̫Ե
С̫ſͷһ·󿴿ҳ򣬴۾ǹʱʱѽԵúܿġ
ӣʲôܺ档
Ƶ
ͻֻǸӣճѡ

һʱһħâԶնٶ磬գۼ¡
פ㣬ɫԻӴ͸ֱӽħâķ顣
ȻţûʧҪϢˣҿǻŵģףɲҡ
һЦ
̧ͷȥԶĲվһߴӣħħI
ħˣ˲ˬ

̧ͷˣ治ˣ
ħIϳſҰϢħâֱӿһ졣
дףҪˣ
Ц
һħâøңͬκ˰ӿ԰ףΪˡ
וּģһħâԻɱϢˡ
һʱ䣬ʿϢ˽Գط˹ȥ
ħħIڡ
Ǹǡ죿
ħIƺסǸ죡ˣҪһս
һʿݡ
ħI죬ھˣʮԵվǰȻҪһս˶ݡ
٣
ħIЦֻ죬Ƶϸֵһħֱӳɱȥ
ʱģնʱƬ񱩵ħһʿļ¡
Ŀ䵭һ콣âֶųҵɱ
˵СӣⵥһһȺ
ۿڡ
ϲ
Ц
ɨһһ⡣
䣬һ콣â϶˷ħIն¡
ħIЦħƵǧɣ֯ħɱƸŨӭ졣
¡¡ģƬմ𶯣ĵطʼѣ涼Ϊ֮ʼ³
ˣ
ţɵ֣дһ磬ѹħI
˹ʼһ־һͨ
ͬһʱ䣬µĽ󸡳ʮ񽣣۶ɣǽ֯ŲһɫʣĽʩչ콣â϶١
ʱħIܵˣֲһɱѹħI
ħIɫһǡ
䣡
ɱƺƵ£𶯳ա
Уڶشﵽ죬ս콣âȻǿڶο֮Ǻޣսͬ׵嶼˿ͨȻû˵ƵֽͨҲǷǳ콣٣˿̶ּʮ⣬Ҳǿ˼㡣
ˣɴһȻǿһʱѹħIħѹħâ
Ⱥսһǣ
ħIȡ
Ұħøֲ
˵˵ǵЦ˫һ𣬾һͨһ
ԣǵ
ƺЦɱնǰҲǴﵽ磬ĽͨսȻȥ
̧һʮԻѹһƺƵħI
ɴŨֱѹʮ
飡
ȭħIϣֱѪˮĽ
֡
ۣ
ƵĽâɱץסʱһֱӴħIؿڹᴩ
үĴ
ǺݣֱӼͨ㽫ħI˺ѵ

ħIŭħâӿɫø׿
аɣеĸɣƺҲı䲻˾档
ƺЦʮٴѹ¡
ħIɱ⣬ƣϣ
ৣ
ǚiʮ·һȭ£ݺħIؿڡ
۵һħIֱӱˣǱ
ˬŸ
Цɱкȥ
һʱ䣬ռңѷ첻ӿȥ
Զʿһɵۡ
ǣȻΧŹħI
ǿߣǸħħIڡѪ
⡭
ԭΪħIĵ棬ȴ룬澹Ȼӵġ
ħڵھδͷ֮һ񣬾ڡΧŹ


1104 滷
̫ڣħIνǾ̬Ǳѣ죬ƺΧһδαشһδ壬⸽һʿǵɴ˫ۡ
⡭
ļ¡
ħڵʮδľͷ֮һ񾹱һΧŹ

ħIХħӿŭǿӹɣͬʱ죬ƵһΧɱȴԵЩȫǱһѹŴ
䣡
Уɫ׿ҳһħһ㡣
ߣһǿ絽ǰȭֱѹ¡
ˣ
һʱ䣬Ϊ֮ݺһմѣˡ
͵һħIħâȫ飬ǰһȭɡ
үˮɱ
ڣˮ֮ݻһˮɱĻӸѹħI
үиն
ƳԼи߶նʮɫһɱ񽣡
һһЦΪҲºĺשɱккħIϣʹħIһƬɱء
ˣ
Ӷȭʮܣʮռ¡¡
һ۵һʱʹħIѣֱըˡ
ҪСӣСϣ
е
һչնһӿĴˣЯķ籩ֱӽħIڷ籩ġ
Цˣ׵ģ
˵ţһֳʮŵɱÿһǿӿ
ɫĮûʲôĻֱӼӡƺƵѹǰ

ħIɲǼָ漴וּһһںڽ𶦣Ͽӡķӡʼһֱɢױȵǿʥ
ǡʥңƷεʥ
ʿ
Ʒεʥϱǿ߿ɶûУЩʿȻľ
ΪħδˣħIȻȱ壡
ľ
䣡
ħIڽ𶦣ʥħâӿ˺˼ɱ⡣
ҵģǡ
ˣҰԺͰԵ
漴һĺڽԵøӿ£ӿʥֱѹ¡
Ϊʥ
ЦֱӳһڳΪڵڰãһʥ
ڳʩչˮ֮նˮС
ߣ
ЦһڶذǵڵڰãҲһȱʥ
һʱ䣬ɱذ֮Ͻ֯ѹħIĺڶ
⡭
ʥҲУ
ȻƷʥߺһƷʥ٣
ʿɫ
һֲ̣ʥƵ콫ʥ߱ɹȡֱңʮɫһӿ֣һͷħӰԻ쳤ХŵɱɿҺֱӳħIȥ



ʮռ䲻ϱѣһĨĨ
ǡ۷弶Ʒʥ

Ǹ죬Ȼı⡭ʲôˣʲô
Զʿ𺧡
ħΪʮĶ֮һʮ۰һһδƿߣҲͲһƷʥѣ죬ȻһڶƷʥ
⡭
˶ˡ
䣡
ʩչʥʥɱʸգۼƵʥ֮ϣգۼƵħIǰһǽħIĺڽ𶦹ᴩħIɡ

Į
䣬ûκԥ˵һֱʥĹң״
תۼ䣬ʥɱʸ۳ƵɫħӰƺƵĳħI
ħIɵ廹ûüסӭһɫ㡭
ۣ
ʥɱʸ裬ֱӽħIᴩʹķѣѪˮȾա
٣ɱ
Ц
˿Ҳוּһȫ߶ʥն⡣
һߣ˾ȫ߶ذͬʱи͹ᴩ
ʱ䣬ɻ֮ѹ£ħIѪ֮û۳ʱ¡
ۣ
ѪɢħIķѵֱӱѪ

ħIŭħӿ
ޱ飬ƷʥΪוּһն콣âħI
漴һν״ҼԼ򣬻۳ǿĴɱֱֱסħIꡣ
ɿңʱ䣬ݵһɱһ֮ɱǰ
ʮռ䣬̮
嫵رͣ飡
ƾɱһ
⣬һ
㲻ħI㲻
ħڵδˣҪ
ʿԾ
䣡
ɱȻٶȸǿ켫תۼƵħIǰ
ȻʱһޱϢԶӿ֣Ϊһӣգ۱ħIǰħ춯أһƳĴʸȥ
ͣ
һ죬ɱֱӱ顣
ǣ
Хħڵϣһ׼ۣ
⡭˾Ȼˣ
ԶսĲʿϳˣȻԷھǳ
üȻо˵ǿ󣬶Էϵֵǳ񣬱ǿ˲ֹһкƺˣȴޱ仯
࣡
Ѫ䶯ţ˵ħХħҿתۼ
ɺã
ХǰħIһħڸӦ£ΪħIİΣħIΣʱ
ܲã
ħIɭȻϵҰԸŨħˡ
Х̧ͷ죬΢ħâ֯ӿǿˡǰһεĵ֯ݻһ˵ķȥ
ȻҪ춯֣
ס֣ҵħIд׹⣬ɿҰԵֱֱĶһһһֻ͵ϣ
Хͷסƣϣͬ쫷罻֯ϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ħI죬ħâ֯
⣬⡭
һ׼۰ôȥ
Ǹ죬ͬ飬Ҫˣ
Զһʿ
׼ۣɱȰ벽ۻʿֲֻ࣬һСۻʾˣ
쿴ħIֿХŶԷѹƣܹоԷϵĿµȴ˿Ҳûмɵ֮ɫʼպ
٣
Цǳݡ
ԱߣǺƽ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʱͻȻ䣬Զͬķ򣬸ǿӿֶ
ƫͷȥֻŶÿһ򶼸Ӱ֣ÿһе֯ţٶȿ켫գۼǳط
һʱ䣬쫷ϯĵرɵûζոǺ¡¡졣


1105 Ĵ
򣬸Գˣһˣһ֣Ŀȫϡ
ȥλãΪ׵һӣ޳Ŀ⵭Į⽻֯һŨϢλãΪ׵һӣ絶ĿԵ÷ǳλãΪ׵ǻӣȥᣬȴú䣬һϣȻҺǿ
λã󣬸ԶվߣԽ֯ŵĵ
׼ۣ
⣬ǡ
ʥ̵ʥӣལĽӣĹӣ
ˡǸδƿ𣬺ħIһǿ󣬶ﰡ
󣬶׼ۣ׼ۣͻȻôˣôܵˣ
ڿǸ죡
⡭Ǹģ
طʿľ
ħڵХ֮ˣĿ΢΢һ
ħI⣬ħâƣʱҲɨĿʥӣལӺͻĹӵϣдźս⡣
ʥӵȻҲǷħIȻҲ֪ħIĿⶼ΢΢һݣĮ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ҲˣطһʿУѾ֪˵ĸݣʱɨһʥӺͲལĿڻĹߡһߣڻĹһԹ
Сӣ߶ưǳģ
ۡ
ĳ
ƽ
վԭأŻĹӺ׼ۣ¶һĨЦ
ĹȻע⵽׼Ҳע⵽ˣԷһߣһɼŨܻϡ
ɱ󣬽
ĹӶ죬ĻΪˣһκڷӿ
ɱ󣿡
ʲô
֮ǰӡɱ񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʵǵȴ󣿣
طʿɻ
Щʿ඼ͨɢǿߣһЩͨţɱȻΪɱȻڹżҲûʲôء
⡭ĹҪǸġ
˵ǳСû˵꣬±Ĺ鷳
ͬһʱ䣬ħIХʥӺͲལӵ˶ЩݡȻΪŸĺɱĸ֣֪һЩ
쿴ۻĹӣĮһЦ漴ƶĿ⣬ʥӺͲལӡ
ĹĿ΢ں쾹ȻֻǵĮɨһۣûκλӦֱʥӺͲལӣ̬ȣǳ졣
ǿ˵ɫ仯ȴ˿Ҳ⣬ɫʼպƽ
ʥӺͲལأΪʲôҡ
ܸоЩ˶߲ƣ⡣
ʥӺͲལӵĿϣһ鵭Įһ
ʥӿڣ̫ľҽ̡Ϊҽ̻䱦
콣ҵҲལԵҲһ䱦Ϊ
ལӿڡ
ɱɱ񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʣУͬʱҲʩչ̫ľ콣ʥ̺Ͳལǿ˳һһ޽̫ľΪ̫콣ɱĽǳԾŴ֣֮Ϊ֮ĶͬĹɱĿһǣʱɳǿߣҪõ̫ľ콣
طһʿԣĿϣһǴʧɫ
̫ľ콣
⡭
ͬʱƿž⡭̫ͽλ𿪴Ϲŷ𣿣
һʿ𺳡Ϊͨʿǲ֪ɱΪɱڹżϼûʲôأ̫ľ콣ȴвʱʥӺͲལӵĻ󾪡
ħѶһݣâ֯Ļ治٣
쵭ĮɨһۣʥӺͲལӡ
ǲԸ⽻ء

⻰ʥӺͲལӽǺƽɫ䲢ûʲôı仯
Ȱ㻹ѡ񽻻˫ã˶õһЩ䱦ʥ̣ҲԲ÷¶㶯֣ɱ㣬˵˫Ӯ¡Ӧ֪ʵ׼ۣû˿ء
ʥӵ
ͬϡ
ལӵ
죬ɫԵ÷ǳƽһжƿ֮С
׼ۣһͦµġ
쿴ˣ鵭Į
ȱ飬ʹʥӺͲལӶɫ΢̬Ⱥܲ⡣
ɱ󣬽Ըһȫʬ
Ĺһһӿڣ׼۵Ŀ
һѾԹܻ⡣
ףȻɱ㣡
ħIɫҰǰһħǿʢԵޱǿƣޱȰԵ
ʹطһʿľ
⡭Ǹ죬񲻡ˣ
˿Һطʥ̺ͲལֻҪͷžԲɱ죬ħںͻĹȴζҪ׼ۼǿ߾ڴ˵أȼǿߣֵܵˡ
һߣƿħIĹӣʥӺͲལӵһȺˣ϶ǲɵ¶ЦȴЩ
ȺûܳĶ

٣
Ц
ͷС̫СԴʥӵˣ漴ſȥ
ɨħIĹӣʥӺͲལӵˣʼպƽ
ʥӺͲལӵĿϣ֮ǰԵó˼֡
ƽǺܲ
ǲ
ལĿ
ʥӶ죬ӵĮࣺشҽ̸ᡣ
쿴ˣ漴ħںͻĹɵõĮһЦ
ҾվҪʲôԼܹõõǾԼá
˵
⻰ƽȴһŨŨĮӣȫǿʥһˡ
ȻȻʹĸ˽Ŀһʮ㡣
ѹ
ʥһ׼ĵۻʾֱ֯
ͬһʱ䣬ħڵ׼Хལ˵׼ۣĹ˵׼ۣ붢ס죬ĿԵ顣

ħIǿǰһħâӿɭҰĶ죬Хˡ
һҰԵˣȻҲһˣ֮ǰشΣҪֽ˺ѡ
λҺˣסܼɣƿɱˣҺȤ
Ĺӿǰһ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥӺͲལҲǰһøԼĸһ׼۷סʮռ䲻ҪȻҪԳ֡
Ͼͬǳǵƿǵ֮;ϢϢصĶԣȻս죬ֽѹ


1106 Զ
쿴ħIĹӣɨʥӺͲལӣɫƽ
һս
ˡ
ħIӿҰ˵ˣһ˺㣬ڵĴ׶
ɱҲȡ
Ĺӵ
ʥ⽻֯ڹ⣬ལĿ䲻ڣȴڿ졣
쵭ĮһЦǰǰһͦãǾɡ
ʥӵ˽ɫһ̬ЩǺܲ
СӣûҪ
˵
ǣǷ
Ʒۡ
ߣһ׼ۼֻһ۾Ϳ־СһûбҪȥս
챳һһҡҡͷǰˣʮ𣬺ͬһʱȻעУȻ˶սһ
ʿҪǿ·ϣսǱزٵģǱҪģ
ȥǱߴһ
ͷС̫
СһӦ漴Ĵų뿪ɵƺԱߡ
ǡʲôáÿɰ
ԶŮʿС̫ʱǰһϸֳź
Ŀʥӵϣɡ
һ߿գÿһ¶ʹΪ֮ǿѪʿΪ̲֮ס
ߣ
ħIͬʱ߿տȥ
һʱ䣬Ĺǿܲӿħâ⣬⣬ʮ졣
⡭
ǿ
ͣơ֮𰡣ʮ𣡡
ʿļ¡
ϣǰڷںڣ˿˿趯Ŀ⿴ƽȴֺ
ն㣡
ҰħIһ֣Ƶħâħٴء
һ̣ɢϢɱ֮ǰǿˣһ˲úڰֲԶĲʿڵأضƺҪˡ
Ŀ⵭ĮȭһգֱӻӶȭǿȭҰ˻ġ

񷵱ǱˣԼХ
ɱ
ħIȣħâǿ
һ̣ǿĹɱʥӲӲԺɣʮ
ɲǼסΣǚiһһһӰת۱ƵħIǰһȭѹ£ֱֱڶԷؿڣ۵һᴩħIؿڣĿѪˮĽ
㲻ˡ

ȭͷᴩħIؿڣȭһ𣬵ǽħI
𣡡
ħŭħɲؾۣչħͨݻ徫裬ɱ졣
ݻȭȭâ񷶼뵽ȭ֮ڡ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
˵ײһ˵ĳ
۵һһȭħIϣӸķ顣
ͬһʱ䣬ħIһħȴҲϣţƬѪҺ
Į˿ҲˣһסħIŵֱۣݺһѹ֮
ħIħɲϣħ̬
ףע˻ҵģ
ХħŨҡ
һһһս类ΧʱǵǱһһħâ졣
ߣҪ㣡
̫תɿϣɻӶȭѹ¡ͬһʱ䣬ҵĴӿ죬ʱʹüԶսһȺʿоļ£ǿڵϱǿ߶һҪڻ˰㡣
Ǵ˵е𣬴ף
ɡµ
ҪܣͨǿߣԻᱻյ𰡣
ʿҺ
ˣ
ӶȭƵɫĴףħ֣˿·
ħIħеĸִͨɱչ֣ħâϰ˻ġ
¡¡
գһ죬ʮ̮һжˡ
һħIӰ˳ֱӿһھѪ
䵹ɵɫĴ׶ʱӿϣֱ֮û

ħIŭħâ˴ѳһֱ۱ٻٵһʱؾ۶
⡭
Ǹ죬ӡϷ
ǿǿ
ʿ𺧡
ˣ
ƽ֯Ĺһ̶ˣ⽻֯ǿĻܣͬչ㣬һʱԱߣʮӿƺƵѹȥ
ɲǶѣƬƺˣɢŸ֮
ֺԵȭʹ׻ϣһʮԶֱһ顣
˽׿ʦ۷弶
Į
ƿɱȷʵ֪Ĳ٣Ȼһ۾ܿǳܲ
ĹĿ䡣
˵һϣƸ֣һƬʮɫȡ
˲ϢѣܵǱˣɱ֯˻ݻɣյɫˣһ˵ĺɫи֣һһ㣬һĿн֯ɫУƾ졣
ȳһʿļ£ɱ֮ƣʵЩֲˡ
װһ;С˵СӻҪǿϼ֡
ɫ΢

Ƶ
¡¡ģķϱ鲼ƣ𶯳ա
ռɱ󣬵ңһĹС
Ĺӵ
¡¡ģӿɱ֮⣬˻룬磬ѹ졣
һֿµĹƣܼƣѹʮ
ҽ֮ո㡣Ĺҽ֮ոǻĹ
ƽ
ӭƣ޾⣬Դ׻壬漴һתһ˿ҲڻĹӵĻӿָԾһһԻзƣɱƣзӡƣл֮ƣâ
ЩһգۼǺͻĹӼײһ͵ĺ
⡭ĿҲôǿȻһ˲̻ôɱƣ
ʿȻ
ԶĹ˵׼۸ǶݣĿӡַ¶ɫ
ǡʧѾõַȻ
׼۳Ծ
ٶȣľȣһ;ĶǻĹҲû˻ʧĿַȴȻᡣ
䣡
ǰܼƶ͵죬պ¡¡
漴ʮһĹӺɣһɨʮԶѪˮƮϣĿ
Զ
Į
Ĺɫһ񣬻ǵһڣԶΪҪǣ˵Ȼˣͬ

ͺȣϸ磬Ƹǿ
ҵģ
һɭħI˹ħâøӳңø׿
ವͬʱƵǰһһΧɱ죬
ĿĮ˿壬Դ׻壬ֻӶȭӭħI֯ƣӭĹӡ
ﬣ
̶ԵལӶˣ콣ʮһĿĽâͱֱüġ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥǶˣһƱī̫֮⽻֯֯һڶ졣


1107 ޵з
ལӺʥ붯̫ˣռ䶼
ལӵĽâ鳤գʥӵĺɫһУɱ
⼸Сӣûһ֮

䣡
ҡʿ㱻ԵԵ
ĹӺħIսһ𣬵ȭ纣ƻ壬սޱȼҡȻȻˣܱߵһУȴҲһֱ֮ڣڲལӺʥӵɱ˿ҲңɫĮƽûа㲨
ﬣ
֯ڳһ貵콣âһһӭལӡ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ľ߶£ɫâƵݻһɫУӭʥӵĺɫ
תۼ䣬ɱײһֽâըɫͺɫֱ˺ѿգռҪǮ
ȷʵǿ󡣡
ʥӵ
˵һīһ£Ϊʥ̵ĵۼ֡
Ŵһһֻ޴ӡԻɣƵ֮ѹ졣
鵭ĮԲ̫ľתۼת£Ҳӳһƣһֻ޴ĽɫӡԻȭ߶ӭʥµĴ֡
ײ磬쫷絴Ұ
ն
𣬲ʥӿǰгһ˶ն졣
һμ򵥵ն̵ȴһھ˵Ĵͨ
춯򵥣ֱӻȭɫƵһȭӭϡ

ȭͷڶԷϣһʵʰĽƬռ䡣
ҲʱħâƵħIħӿһȭ¡
˵һһȭ£񷶼һ£ͬһħʥı졣
ˣ
֯ĹܼԻͬʱӿѹ졣
ңʥӺͲལһɱǰ
񱩵Ĳӿ֣Ĵǿͬʱ֣ǵƿɲ򵥣ֻǼ򵥵Ĺϰ˻ģʿļ£ֻоһ̶ˡ
⡭
ˡȻһһ𡭡
ĸ𰡣Ȼ
һʿ
ƶŲϣĿⶼ΢
˿ɶǺݽɫСһսˣ𣿡
ü
ûʲôõĵģ㲻ֲı䣬ʤʼߡ
С̫˵
ɿŵüͷٺһЦ˵Ҳǡ
䣡
ϣӿ¡¡
ħâ⣬ƣ֯һײһ硣
ĹӣħIʥӣལӣĴ𣬸Թɱ졣
ûκһ˿ĺȫԼԼķʽսÿһ˶ѹһʵгͬʱÿһÿһʿо
򣡡
Ĺƽ֯һ𣬻һ֮ḥ̂ʮ
һתͬƣӡȷȺǿʢ֮ӭϻĹӡ
ͬһʱ䣬һĽɫ浴յʮռ佹Ʋ
ȴ׸ˣּ콣ܼĽâɲӿ֣϶ϯ֮һնǿߡ
䣡
һ˵ײǿ߶Ծɱ⽻ֱ֯ըһա
ȶײ㽩ʮˡ
漴һӰɨɳѪϱ鲼Ѻۡ
һģ˲ˡ
ô
Ĺ⣬һ˸
ħIʥӣལӣǿǽԹâơ
ЦѪɫԾ̫תգۼƾȬ
һҲˮ׼ʵʵ˵ôҲ
˵
ƽȴķ̺Įӣ˶ɫ΢
ھǸһһˣھδͷ֮һһͬˣǵȴǶǺֻ̬ܲʵ̫ڰۡ
Ϊǣ
ལ
ƫͷȥǰһٶͽȻͬڲལǰ
ٶʵЩ죬ͬ˲ƶ㣬ʹòལӵݣٺˡ
ﬣ
̶ֲָ֮նʽལӡ
ȾЩһĽٱǼ죬ལӸܡ
ۣ
Ѫâ䣬ལֱӱᴩѪȾ˷
ལɫ࣬۹žʹӶɱն죺⡭
ž
ٶȸӿ죬־һǶ⣬˲ལӴա
ལѪɣһˤڵϣҳһ޴ѷ졣
һĻʹطһʿǲĶһ¡
ǿĲལӣһ̣Ȼһ⣬˲񷡣
Զʥ̵׼ɫ䣬кŨҡ
䣡ǿĽӿزϱ飬ལӳתۼøˣһ̷·һھɱһޱȷޱΣյĸоĶ죺죡죬Ȼһ⣬˵ɱҪܣʹɱɽ緢˰㡣
וּһһƬÿһڶһ񽣳ÿһ񽣶֯ӿȵĽƺҪ綼նһ㣬ˡ
ǡལİ֮һ齣ӡ
ϱǿ̲סг
ﬣ
֯羪׺
ɲǼѣལ󣬰ʮһƣÿһڶһ񽣣ÿһ񽣶·һۻʣĽ̵˶ħҪѿˡ
ɱˣ
ǸоһĿ£һ˿вУȴ˿䡣
㲻У콣̫ԶһͿŲལӣĮ漴ħIʥӺͻĹӣҲһǵţƾԼʵᶫһЦΰˡ˵ţɨԶļ׼ۣȻǵҲУھļȴһˣۣע˽һ޳ɡ
⻰һʹطһʿƲལӵ˲УֱԲལʥ̣ħںͻĹˣʵЩȻ⵱Щ󵨡Щתһ룬ĻƺҲûʲôҪĶȷʵǺûʲô
Զལĸ߸׼ۣӸɱʮ㡣
ϣ
Ųϵ죬ԼһʥڣǾԻֱӳ֡
䣡䣡䣡䣡
Ĺɱܽ֯𶯳գѹʮ졣

Ĺ޾ƽ֯һֱɱȥ
ɱ
ལЯ齣ӡͨ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ħâƵⷭӿħIʥǳɱȥ
һ̣Ĵǿ߽Լǿɱݿ࣬ƺܽһѹ
ӭˣߣ˵һֱӽֻͼʥϢһʱƵ˻ģֱݻ˰ңΪͬʱѹˡ
ɲǼ䣬ʮռ価̮
ˣ
У̫̫ľ壬ͷֻͼŲǚiȭ콣չʩͼһսˡ
ֻͼһ̼ĴǿߵһȭڻĹӵؿϣֱӽԷҵķѡ
ﬣ
Ӷɱ۵һն鲻ལӰӣĿѪˮȾ쳤ա
漴ǚiȺͻƵħIʥǰͼͬʱ£Ľ˻ɣʹͬʱըһʱԵЩĿġ
⡭
һĻνǾסˡ
һսģͬʱԵлĹӵĴδͷȻȫش
ͬͬ޵ˣ
˲
Զʥ̵˵׼۸ɫ䣬ʱɱŨ
һı̬
˿Һ֮ǰڵһˣսĴǿߵΧɱȴ룬սôţԶԶԤϣȻشˡ

ŭâƵħI˿޸ɫѿ
ˣֻͼٴԻһĮ
Σ˵ǲС
ƽ
ʹħI˵ɫԱ࣬ϢȻҲÿɲ
һ̣ûһĻ߶ǿֱӳɱȥ
Ĺɱ⣬ͬʱѹ졣
ߣֻͼ𶯣ѹϡ
ٺ٣
ʱһЦ𣬴һɱ˵ѪâƳնն죬ҽལӣħIʥӺͻĹҲһУе֯


1108 ˼
ѪâޱͻأҵǳŨǿˣ쵱Ǳɫ
˼ֱӽֻͼǰͬʱǚiȥ
ݵһѪâֻͼ֮ϣʹֻͼķѵ
ȣ
ĿѪȴҲǶѪâ湥ɱһ˳ȥʮԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ħIĸҲѣȻͬѪâ湥ȴҲ˴̿ȳһѪԺƳȥԶ
һĻʱʹط˱ɫȻͬʱɱˡ
ʲôˣ
ʥ̵һ׼ۿڣ֯ѪâնķĿ⼫Ϊ䡣
ԶɭЦͣԵЩ̶Ȼȫ㿪ˣ죬ܲ졣
һһѪ֯Ѫâͬаһ㣬ճط
ƫͷȥӶʱһ䣬ϸо˺ϤϢ
񳯣
Į
Ѫĸƫͷ죬ͬҰް죺ãУɭ䣬̵ĲУ롭죬Ѫ⣬һʮŤĸоˣԣɱ㣬ɱġ˵ţЦ̶ֹۣʥӵˣԣҲһɱˣղšܿϧ죡죡죡ܲ죡
Ѫâ֯еѪ͵һѪɫâɢҵĵԶվһȺͨʿ
һʱ䣬۵ģȺͨʿȫѣһըѪȾա
⣿ͻȻʲô
ִ󺧡
ӴЦԵŤ˸˰㣬һԶ

ҽ𣬴ƬʿնѪȾر
⣬⡭
ߣߣ
Ӱ
һʿˣ壬Զȥ
ӴЦѪϵһâŵϮԶ

ҽ;һʿȺ飬
ģһӣ̬˸Ť˵İɣ

쿴һĻŸӣޱ顣
һߣʥӵ˶ӣ΢ĬĬĿš

ӿЦǳ̶ѪɫɱⲻϻԶ

ԶһʿӴܣĪѪˮͣ˲
Щ˶Ϊ֮ǰ̫ѰѰԵǡΪ˵ͣԶսȴʱ֣֮־塣
ӿЦϻӽֱʮ󷽲ͣ¡
ʱԶһʿ˴룬ѪˮȾ˴ƬĵرŵʿѾӳȥ˼Զۿ־塣
⣬ѪâøŨЦһһģŤЩˡ
죡ˣ
ӿЦ
Զһʿĸһˣ뿪طɡ
񲡣̬

ģ
Ҳ
ûʲôڲϡ
һߣħI׼ۼХŸӣһħâ֯Уǧǰ˼֮һΪʹɱһɱĸɱԾ̵ɱ̼׼۾ɱĳλ羳ۻʡ
ʥ̵׼ߣȻҲǶ֪ˣΪԷԸ̫ŤΪ̫̬Щڵĵɱܶʿ֪ôһɱ֣ң֮ǳĹ˼ɡ
ΪԷǿΪ˼ΪɱɱĴڣһ׼ǿܶ࣬ĵۻ֮޵С
ĿڸϣĿ΢һƱ亮⽻֯Ľ˽ȭΪ˱ǿͻƶɱĸɱϣûбˣѾܳˣ磬ʺȲϡ
ţӸӦĿ⣬ϴŤЦһ˫ͫܿһ㣬죺ãɱɱĸã̶ɭɭЦʲôãұǿͺˣұǿˣǻܸ˵ģ
Цĺܷ񲣬̶ܴҴȥ˺ԶʹúԶ˶
ʿ²һ
ģ⹷յģ
󷽣
ϣ쿴ӣеâŨЩ
ӿЦˣеѪɫɱͣĶ
죬촽һ˫ͫ׷ֱˡɱˡ˵ţЦǷһһֳŽһָֻ֣°ļ죺ģģĳอһɱ㣬С䣬ƫͷʥӵˣɱҲ͸λһ·
ʥӵ˶һ߸׼۸Ŀⷢɱ⽻֯
ɭЦѪâŨˣɱţƫͷֱ졣
ﬣ
ЦѪוּһЦƬ񷣬һɱ졣
ʹʥ̺ͲལĴ׼۶һ
ֹҪģ
ʥ̵һ׼۵
һʱ䣬ವģĴ˵ļ׼۽Ƕȫ졣
ҪȡڵĹžɱ󣬾ͱҪȽѹѻ֮קžҪ塣ħIҪĴ׿ɱȡҲȱ֤ʬУɱѪҲǽܵõ
ʱ˸׼ۣһѹ졣
ˣˣ
Զʿûߣڶ򣬼һĻɫ
˸׼һΧϣΣҲܵˣǱľ档
񷣬ܹĸо˹ɵѹڸ°죬о˾ԵвǸӣϢΪֲ
Ȼˣıȴ˿Ҳûб仯ûƶһ½ŲֱֱվԭأǳƽֻĿ΢ƶЩԶС̫

ӿЦٶȱĴ߸׼ۿ̫ˣգ۱Ƶǰ
ˣ
ʥ̵׼۸ɫ
ǱɱǵĿľˣžʧ֮ۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ħIʥӵҲǶݡ
ӵЦޱȴ̶еѪſֲɱ⣬졣
ɣ
Ц
וּһѪɲ鳤ա
ӭѪѹ£Į
ۣ
Ѫˮķ
ӵɳȥķѣеʥѪķ顣
⣿
ʱ䣬ȫɫ
ֲĸӣ˼ɱΪɱǵۻ޵еˣһ죬ȴǼɣķѣնѪҲˡ
ˣ۷׼۰
Ѫһʥ
ʥ̵߸׼ʧɫֹסΣ𾪺Ͳŵ졣
󷽣ħIལӣĹӺʥӵˣҲɫ䡣
ѽ
һԱС̫֪ʲôʱ򿿵ԱߣƯͷ⽻֯ŵɫ⡣


1109 С̫
ѩ׵СһԵЩۣѽ˲ȥ˵Ŀ⣬ǼԶһЩҴŮʿʱСһж˹ΪӴĿ־壬ɵ˲Ϣ˲١
ǡ֮ǰſͷǸСһղţһλôôͻȻͷˣûƶ
Ǹ˼ͻȻɣѵѵǸСһģ
⡭
ǸûʵֻСһͻȻƺ
ɡôСܡ׼ۣʥ
˳Ծ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥӵ˺Ĵ׼ۣĿһҲС̫ϣ¶ɵı顣ţ˶ǿĸͻأˣʥ飬Ǿ챾ģʱС̫ͻأͷⲻòǳ˼ɫ΢ݣһʱ䵹û
ΨƱɣЦС̫ǿ
鵭Įӱ˱ʥȻС̫ġڶԷɱʱСֻ̫һ񣬵ڴصСһȻףɲǼϢĳϣӣȻѪù
䣡
ӿϢƵԶǣѪâøӿ
ңңңңң
죬и漴¡һ죬Եһ㣬ޱ
ģʮռ䲻סҡǿϢһ飬Ǻˡ
ɱ
𣬸գֳ嵽ԣƵɱ¡¡ϡ
쵭ĮŶԷһҲͷϣС̫۾ˮģҲûʲô
ۣ
ѪˮһνӺɣֱը顣
һĻʹٴδ󾪡
⡭ô£
񳯵˼һΡ
Ǹ죬ʲôҲû
ͷǸСһ
԰ǸСһҲûʲôҾԿ˵ģǶûж
Զʿ𾪲⡣
Ψʥ̵߸׼һ¶ɫ΢ɾĲһ¡ΪӵһαɣΪС̫ͻȻͷ˶Сһﲻһ㣬ԣڸһγɱʱ˶ֱֱĶţҲС̫ûжУȴǸоһɺޱߵϢϢͷС̫Ͻ֯
һ̣¶С̫гŨŨȻһ
СӷزųСһǲһƾȻŵϢõۻ޵е׼ǿ˻꣬ǿһͿ
ԶЦ
ԱߣЦ

ٴδԶٴֱֱĶ죬ɫøѪâøŨһӵ߳ľ㡣

б鲼Ѫ˿̬֮ԡ
漴ವһһɱ죬ͬҰް㣺
һʱ䣬Ѫâ֯⣬Ѫɷӿʮ񷶼ȾһѪɫ
ˣ
ֻǣֺǰûκ۵һ׼ٴը

˿Хٴ죬漴һα顣

˱壬һδϣһδը
⡭
ǿ׼۰
ô᣿
һʿ
㿴һ׼۲Ϲɱ죬ըͷС̫ȴһҲûʵЩȻ˿һĻֻüˡ
桭ǸСһԭ򣿣
˶¡
ôãЩʿҲɵ˶ѾǲµһкС̫йء
ʥ̵ĸ׼ۣʥӵĸ𣬸ž㤡

ͫĵţڱ鲼Ѫ˿ɱ졣
ʼûб仯ÿһɱǰʱԼը
󣬵ʮһٴζʱڳһɿ־壬ĿͷС̫ϣ㣬㡭ʲôʲô
Ͼ׼ۼĳǿߣұǻۻ޵е˼·񲾫ŤʮһαǺȴҲǱͬ˰˲٣֪ԼһδαĸԴһУΪͷС̫ңһδ壬ֻǶԷϢ¡
ʲôʲô
죬ͷС̫鲼Ѫ˿оָŨŵźˡ
쿴ˣͣʲô
һ忪ʼ
ˣ
ĮǾɣ߱ĸɱĶ
ͷС̫ȻĶе˼һֻСצӣһӣʱһƬɫϢ£ֱ֡
ͣ
һ죬ɱĸͻأһ٣漴ͬմɰֱӱ
һΣûһѪڿУҷû¡
һʱ䣬طƺ
ֻСһ
Զ˲ŶͷС̫
ֻֻצͣ͡
ǿ˼Ϊɱɱۻ޵е˰
ڵۻʾ𣿣
ʿȻ
ͬһʱ䣬Ĺĸ˵߸׼ۺͻĹӵĸľ˸ȫС̫ǿסˡֻǼ򵥵ĸһӣȻĨɱһۻ޵е׼ۣǵۻʲеʵ
ߣ
ħڵ׼Хͳħâ˸ħIԶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥ̵׼۸ԻصԼһԱߣ׼ۼӿԼһԼٳԶȥʱǶоԵС̫Ŀ££ֻһ
һҲߡ

ͷС̫Ľ˫һһȦɫ⵱ͬˮư㵴գۼסԲǧɵĿռ䣬ͬһϣסա
ʱ䣬ʥ̵Ĵ˵ǿȫֹסΣȥ·
ʲô
ʥ̵һ׼۶ɫôÿ
ǿҵ𣬹žɱҪɱң˵ʲô

ʥڵ׼һȻ컰еɱ⣬ͷС̫ɫøѿ漴ֵͳˣȰòҪɱǣûκκôȻпȵۻʵĴڣҲԶ޷ҽ̿⣡ҽֹ̣һۻʣе۾򣡡
쿴ˣ鵭ĮҺú¡
ǳƽȴһԵĮӣʹʥ̿ڵ׼۶ʱɫһࣺ̫
Ĩ
ٴ𣬴ʥ׼۵Ļ
ѽ
ͷС̫ĽСצһӣһƬɫ⵱¡


1110 ɱħI
ɫͻأ֣û˿׵Ĵ֯ŵʥϢֱʥ̿ڵ׼ǿֶȥ
ʥ̿ڵ׼ɫ䣬ղſۿ񳯵ĸӱһ̲סУס
ͣ
һ죬ɫ⽫֣ͬǸӰ㣬ֱӱĻҷ

ʥ̵һ׼ɫ䡣
׼ۺҲһһ׼ۡɱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Զһʿһ£󲿷˶̲ס
áÿֲ
һ˶ͷС̫Ȼ
׼ۼǿߣС̫оȻôȻֻǻӻצӾĨɱ
٣
Ц̵ĸ׼ۺʱı仯ֻʮֵʹ졣
վϣԵúƽС̫Ʈͷ۾һգһգġ
ǱɱΪǺ͸߸ϣٿڵı仯ǰԱȣһܡ
˵ǳƽеķζȴκ˶ĳ
ʱ䣬ʥ̵Ĵ׼۶ҧ־ŭʥӵĸɫȻҲôÿ
ħIףűʲô£֣Լһս
ƫͷȥãܴĹңɱ㣿
ƾԼɱң
ħIӳҰԡ
ߣһΣƷʥ߱ɹֶ漴ֱӹ򣬽״۳ǿĴɱд˿˿Ƶĺɫ硣
ɫĮɿңʱ䣬ɱݵƿնԼһͷӴħӰԻ
ǿˣΪɲƶԣС̫ɨɫŨҶˣ˽Բɵһ
ħIħ΢ȻǸоһĿֲȫʵħâݻһ޴ħܡ

һ죬ɱֱӻħܣ漴ֱ뵽ħIš
ۣ
ѪˮɽħIķѡ
ҲʱٴʥȫӿʥڣΪͻǣƬеĹתۼ۳һֻ߳ĴɱЯĺɫ磬ݵĳħI
ǿɱ۷ʥɱš
һʱ䣬һƬض䴩ˣһ޴ᴩ
ֲһ

ħڵ׼ХɫоһħIżвƵħâһɱ
£

ͷС̫ĽţСצһӣһƬɫƮХ
ɫûʲôֲƣֻеʥϢȴ嫵ǿա

ХУ۵һҷ
Ҳʱ򣬺¡¡ĴɱħIδǰ۵һٴι룬Ѫˮɡ

ħIŭħâӿ
ޱ飬ֻԶԶվţٴνʥ״ȫ
¡¡ģ֧ɱԻɫħӰ棬𶯾졣
ۣ
ħIüؾְۣһ࣬궼ֱȴûħâںƵѪӿм£ȥ

廹δۺ϶о޴ħӰԻأѹ졣
ʱƬضˡ
С˵СǿɱȻûʵû˵벽ۻ¹û֡

ƵͷǺǿ
ϣĿ⵭ĮĶħI˫ΪУȴòϣԷȷǳǿǵ֡
ŶԷû˿ԥٴʥ֧ɱ۶ವķɳֱĳδ۳ħIȥ漴ٴο֧ɱ֧ɱ֧ɱ͵ڰ֧ɱǿˡ
ͬʱ⼸֧ɱٶҲǳ죬ֱӱħIħӰֻգۼǳħIѪǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ˽ɻħIҽУѪⱻһɶΨ屣ʱؾⱣ꣬ҲǱ鲼Ѻۣƺһͻ
죡
ħI𣬳ŭ
ıȴǷǳƽٴңھ֧ɱתۼ۳
ټ
Įɿҡ
ʱ䣬ವһھ֧ɱƵĺɫ磬ЯħӰ֯ת۳嵽ħIǰһ֮û

ħI漴һ̱ʧϢҲһɢȥ

ħIˣ
һʿ𺧡
Х׼۵ȻħIЩʿļ¡ΪħIħڵħһεˣħʷϵڶ衰ħΪյˣǾԿԿ۾ĴڣпܳԽʼ棬ħڶԿɱХҪˣ˵ħڵıҲ˿ΪħIȴǱɱħڶԣʧ̫ˡ
ɱĺãˬ
ƴЦһʹı飬ϾħIʱĺܣֱҪɱĴף㱻ɱȻǺˬ¡
ˣ
ʱպ¡¡
ʥ̣ĹͲལԵȺһ̨Ȼǿ򼶵Ķһƹâ֯סһ׼ۡ
ͷСһ￴̨Ľʱ䣬һɫϢ֯һ΢絴һ㡣
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ʥĿ򼶴ͬһʱ飬ҷ
һʱ䣬ͼ׼һ
ԶһʿǾ֣С̫ļ£ӡ
ɡ£
˲
ֻʹ򼶴̨飬ʵںˡ
쿴ˣʼվԭأʼյĮûʲô
ˣһжŹǣҽ̱к񱨣ңºΪ㣡
ལһ׼ۿڣ
ҽѾɱһ׼ۣɷ⵱ʥ̵Դ֮ҽ̾Բð£
ʥ̵һ׼Ҳ
Ĺһ׼ۿڣͳֻҪ²ɱҵȣһĹԸɱ󣬾ΪУپ¡
һ̣׼ѾǰƣߵС̫еۼʵҪɱʵ̫ˡʱΪ˱ǲòʱͷ
쿴ǿߣ̲סЦ
ལ׼ۣŹǻк񱨣ǵĺ񱨣Ӧº֯ǿɱҶὣɡ˵ţƶĿʥ̵׼ۣһ׼۵ǻã˵ʲô֮ðţԼ𣿡̣Ĺ׼ۣǣԸɱЦɱҵģǻĹʲôʸƷ


1111 Ĩɱ
ƽĮźڵĳʥ̵׼۸ɫ࣬ͬʱʥӣལӺͻĹ𣬱ҲǱúܲÿĿ⣬۵Ǵ˿˿⡣
ལһ׼ǿ߿ڣˣ²Ҫ̫ʱַǣֻͼһʱʹʹ֮ĩ·Ǵ˵
ƫͷȥЦͷĲУֿʼвˣЩǣ˻в⣬һǴһͿ
ལڵ׼۶ʱɫø࣬׼ۼǿߣѾ£ɺɨһȴһʱʿķ̡
С̫š
ˣ롣
쵭ĮֱӴϲལ׼۽Ļ
漴ͷϣС̫ٴλӳСצӣһƬɫ£סˡ

ལ׼۷һֵĲҽУգ۱Ǳɫɷɻҡ
һ׼ۡˣ
Զһʿ𺧣ͷС̫һıӾ
Ŷõʱ䣬Ѿĸ׼۱ɱңֻǼ򵥵һצӶѣ
̫ˬˣ
Ц
˷ܣ˫ֲסĴ궯ţүǿҵֱԺھˣСһڣۻʣҲ̫ˣ
ϣ찲վţɨʥ̣ལͻĹļ׼ۺ𣬱鵭Į漴ĿڻĹ׼ۺͻĹӣ˵ǻĹʱǿʦڹһ嫵Ĳڲõδν֮Ƶʮıݡ
ʲô
طʿǴ󾪡
ǿĿʦǡǿƿʮ죿
⡭
Ĺ£
ʿ𺳡
ʮԹŴԣʮ̺ܣֻҪʮ죬ͿɵϤ֮أӶﵽľ磬ʿһ׷ֻǣƿʮıݣʵ̫ˣ֪ʷУƺûκʮ죬ŻĹȻʦ֮ıʮ죬һʿʧɫϾ¿ǺŹϵûһ˻᲻⡣
һֱڴԻĹأʦԭڴʲôʮ죡⡭
ôҰģ
Ǹ֮ʲô
ʿɡ
ʱ򣬾ʥ̺Ͳལ׼۶¶ݣȻ¡
Ĺ׼ۺͻĹӶɫ䣬нԸһƺ⣬Ҫ֪Ƶʮ족£ǻĹ߻ܡ
һ׼ҧô֪£
֪֪ˡ

£ڵһ޹ʦϤԷԵھȥƺǺͻĹһЩϵ֪£֮ԷмĸҰģںʱԦĹȻԣڷǿĿʦ츳£ⷢ´ĺ󣬽°͸¶һжΪʮ֮һ㣬뽫뵽Ӫ֮С
ŻĹˣ֪һ㣬Ĺͨ˵Ϥƿɱ£ȴ֪ԷʱҲ߸
ģĿֱñΪǸʱ˿е֪һ£ĹĲδ֮ʵϣһѪ꣬ǣ޾ΪԴȥһĻĹˣΪռνġ֮ۼһʧȥԹѪ꣬޹ձıɱ
һ죬һȥǻĹһˣٵǵĲ󣡡䣬С̫ɱǣӱԼǺˣ˵߻еģĹɱΪòԴΪʵܣȻɱ˺޹ϵȴŭ
Ĺ׼ۺͻĹӸɫʱġɱǡĸֱ֣ǵ´þһ㡣
ס
ѽ
ͷС̫ĽСצӶʱдƬɫת۱ǽĹ׼ۺͻĹȫС
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һʱ䴫Ĺ׼ۺͻĹ˲Ϣҷ
һĻʹüԶһʿݲ˶ǲɵúݺݵĶ¡
׼ۣСĹӣһλĹˣô
Ĳ
׼ۣĹӶڻĹ壬ǿصľˣͱɱħIħڵһģǻĹľӢţǼпδܹԽʼˣ񣬻Ĺ㱻նɱڻĹԣʧʵ̫ˣδĶ˸ǰ۶ϵˡ
⣬⡭
һʿԾ
ϣɵĮལʥ׼ۺ
һʱ䣬׼ۺǲɵһж˾⡣
Сֵܣ飡ҵȷģ֮ԲðΥ𣡡
ʥ˵һ׼ۼ
һߣལĻŵ׼Ҳģ̬ŵޱȵ¡
ǰǰ񳯵˼бɱǸһһ׼ۣħںͻĹ˵ȫ𣬰ӣʹòལʥʱ򻹻ŵ׼۶Ǽˣ඼ðź
Źǣ𣿡

ĮʹڵһеĿ־֮ɫøŨ
ʥӶ죬н֯ŨâҵһսʤߣҰܣɱǰһ⣬ӿ
쿴ʥӣĮһЦ
ʸ
ŶԷ
ʥߣøŨ죺㲻ңң
ЦĸͬνһΧҶҳĺɣھȻ˼˵ֻҪҪˣ
ʥӵɫʱһ࣬оһǿҵ裺㡭
ˣϻ࣬㻹ǹԹԵȥһɡ
˵
ͷС̫ʱ֣Ӷɫ£ֱӽʥ֣ͬʱҲԱߵʥ˵һ׼һ𸲸С
죡
ӲʵĴУ͵һɻҽ
ͬһʱ䣬Աߵ׼ҲǸһһֽлɻҡ
ʱ˵ˣʣ²ལһ׼ۺһĽӡ
ƫͷȥ
һʱ䣬һ׼ۺͲལӶһ׼ۼǿ߼ڣСֵܲҪһж̡
Сһ֡
С̫˵׼۵Ļ
ѽ
СһĽСצһӣƬɫ£סལ˶콣һ׼ۺͲལӣתۼ˻ҷ


1112 
̫ƺֹͣԵޱȵѹ֡
ˡ
ʿ
ħһһ׼ۣʥʥһ׼ۣལӺһ׼ۣĹӺһ׼ۣǧǰ˼ۻ޵е׼ۣȫն̫ڡ
ƽͷС̫
Сһ
Ц
ѽ
С̫ӦˮĴ۾״ǵĲ˲졣
ٺٴЦƿ˹һ̫ʹˣδȫɵɱɱ벽ۻʺͼ׼мֵˣ
ͬУ
ƴЦ
һһС̫Щ˷ܣСһʵ̫ǿˣɫ⾡ûпֲ˵ϢȴǿһͿֱǿɨ
С̫һһ±һſͷϡ
Ц£ɨܣȻк뿪̫ȥ
Ϊ̫ıԵλѾûжԶһ˵ΪֺǿֻٶҲǺܿ죬ת۱˳ȥûñʧʾͷ
ʱ̫ڣԶһʿֱĶ뿪ķһݣ̲סźԴл
񳯵˼Ĺĸ׼ǿߡҪǣĴʥӺδˣȫȫɱˣ⣬⡭
˶¡
һʱһһ״ʥӶޱҪĴڣδĺϣڣһȥŴеĴޱȲҵģδʱĺ֧š
ʥ̣ལĹԼħڣĸʥӶնˣ̫ˣԹھ򻹴δйͬһĸ״ʥӱ£ֱǿŽδ֮Ⱥӡ
һ
Ϊ£ʿ󵽼֪ºķӦһΪ֮
ȻЩҲС̫ǿ󣬻һƵɫ⡣
Ǹʲô̫̫ǿˣ
ʲô𣿿ɡǣƺûм޵ļذ
ɡ̫ˣ⡭Ǿڵۻʼڰ
˲
ΣⶼǡҪˣ
ļ¡
֮󣬺ܿ죬طһͬǳ˳תۼǴھ죬鶫Ĵ˾֪
ʱ䣬½
⡭
񳯵˼ͼ׼۱ɱСħʥӣĹӣལӣȻȫɱˣ
ôܣ
ʥ̺ͻĹĸʥͬһڱȫʵ̫ˣʿڸʱֻԼĶ⣬˴һʶӻʱʱɵˡ
⣬⡭
ģ
桭ʥˣȻıɱˣ
Ǹйأˣ
죬еۻʼޣ
ֻСޣǡʲôôôǿżУûļذ
ʿ
˴ľӻеһ棬ʿסˡ
ʿΪĹϵʥӵĴߵС޵ǿ漴ʿֽɻʥ̣ħڣལͻĹҲһԹΪĸ׼ۺᱻɱ
һЩˮ棬һϢƬھ졣
ʥ̫ľལ콣ĹɱħڵᴿףǸ졭
׾ˣ̫ľΪ̫콣ɽɱǸ죬һˡƿôž
⡭
ʿ𺧡
Ŵ𣬿ʮ޵ʷŵǿľˣӵͨ쳹صֶΣĹžһžֵ֮ͿһˣȻƿĹž£ֱ̫ںˣ
ռЩУ
һЩϱİ벽ۻʼǿ߶Ĳˡ
ھ򣬳׵׵нĸﶼ£žصĵۼСޣ󣬽ģʿ˼ֶǻصľϡʥ̵ĸ𣬶ɱˡ
񳯣ʥ̣Ĺལħڣݵġ
૵

򣬺ɽȺڣĹ

ŭһڴڣһĵ˫ͨ죬ɱһƬƬ񷣬е֯
ͬһʱ䣬ڻ⼸ľŭ¡
֪쵽˵ھ֪ɱһҪᵽУһʾλ׼ǿһ߳ǰȡȴû뵽׼ۣˣʾҲˡʧʵ̫޴ˡ
Ǹ֣߾Ȼеۼ
ĴУдҧгݵ
£λڣһҪɱһҪᵽɱһ
һĵǺɫѪ˿
ͬһʱ䣬񳯣ལʥ̺ħŭйɱ⽻֯Ǿκڷӿ𶯾졣

ʱһΣչȥ
ʱһһɽУԵЩ⣬ĺƽ
񳯸ÿˣʥ̣ལĹħڣǹƷĶˡ
Ц
ھٴηڣÿһﶼ񳯱ɱһ׼ۣʥ̵ĸĸԵ𶼱ɱʵоˬ
С̫Ĺ͡
Ц
ͬУ⵹ǲ
ܹǰɱ׼ۣɱĸȫС̫ʵʹȻûСһڣĽֿܽǻȫ෴һ
ѽ
С̫ᵽĽ۾Ư
ЦֻСһʵǺܿɰ
˵񳯺ʥǼưոݣ֪С̫ߺһϮ¾ͽǵۻʼˡͷС̫ȻСһȷʵǺӣӦеۼʵɾжȴҲ˵ãһеۻǿѹ˵ǻһΣԵġ£úú롣
ԣ˵ͷ˵ĺеȷʵ£úú˼
䣡
ʱԶǿܲϯ𣬸ֲͬĴ֯ǲ
üƫͷȥֻǧһӣʮ׷һȹŮһ󣬸䡣
ǡ
ȹŮͲ꣬ʱݡ


1113 ʦͽ
ԶȹŮͲ꣬ȻǣǵڵʱʶŶӣΪĹϵʹЩ׻ʳ˫˫ץסвȡ񣬾ʱѾһӽʮأȻˡ
ӭȥСӣˣ
ǣ
ͷһԶ
ʱŶӱʮ׷ɱƺֹۣܲӣоԷƺѾҪֹˣ΢꣬ԶԷǺ׻ʳץסŶҪЮвöԷټԷͷΪޱɣֱɲԸ⿴Էܶѡ

䣡
ǰܹɱ⽻֯һĵնʮˡ
ӣολõҵȾΪʦͽ
ʮ׷ɱӺŶĿ䣬Į
ʮˣϵϢ֯Ĳɽ
һɫܲ԰ףûаѪɫ
ġ
ȴһּ־
Ŷɫ⣬ֵâ裬սػ⣬ӷɶݣһδεʮ˵ɱ⡣
ŶߣҪңȥǶһˣ԰Ȼ뿪

ŶҡͷôʦӣâŨʮΪ֮
ʮ׷ɱ󣬵ݺᣬݡ
壬ֻ벽ѣȻҵ֧ôʱ䣡
һ˳ʮУĶڶأимˣôһһ׷ɱŶӣȴǾþѹסԷŶܵâ裬ǵǵĹࡣ
վҲŰ벽ѣ
ӣλãʦ֣ͬʦͬУõڵضԽһ󣬶һǺ¡
תߣ
ʮɫ䡣
ԣͬŹǣͬһųԽ֪һкնɱµɡѵõĶ˵ࣺģһݻ٣Ҳ䵽С
Ȼʮ˶ʱɫһжиĺâ֯
ȫ֣ѹ˴ȥ
һ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʮǿʮһ̷ֱһλϣϢתۼһ𣬿µֱӷҰŶǰ·
һʱ䣬Ŷĵâȫ̷飬סʮ˵ܡ
ϾȻΪ壬ȴʮ˲̫࣬ʮһǲֵܵˣ붼
ʮ˱Įݺᣬϰ˻ġһ˿ӺŶλƾ׶Ƥ֮࣬òҪֵҵȻء
ﬣ
̶Ľ쳹ʮһɫƿն£͵һ˺ѿӺŶȦ漴Ʋ۵Ĺ뿪˵š
ʱ䣬ѪˮĿģ˽ʧɫ
ʲôˣ
ʮУŭȡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
쫷ϯգۼ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ӺŶʮ˽ѣͬǿҲ⣬һԱâᴩѪˮֱ
Զ쵽ˣնһμǳӺŶԡ
ǰŶþò
Цźʦͽ˴к
֡죡
Ŷ¶ɫմв۳ǵȴԱڣ෴һìܵ
Ҳǲ죺Сֵܣô
ʵϣӺŶھѾһʱ䣬ЩҲ˵˹֣֪ҲھֻʱЩԾ
ǡ·
Ц
Ƹ˹ӺŶ
漴Ƶ˫۶ʱ⣬ֱŶϣ৵ľ˹ȥˣ
бһֱۣһƽ֮ķɡ
С㡭
ߵԲԶ
䣡
ʱǿܽ֯նЩ
Խᴩʮ޸һǾŭȫĿϣɱ纣һ̣òʮ˽ɫ
ǡ㣡
ʮ˽Ծ
ЩڵھֳĶʵ̫ˣǿɱ񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʺǿɱ֣ǰ׼ۣͬʱʥ̣ལĹħڵʥӣһͷۼСޣѾǳˡɷǡĴʣʮʱ죬һЩļ¡
ƫͷɨʮˣƽȴʹʮ˶ɵһ
һǿ߿ڣҵΪ֮ˣʦͽȥ֪ºʦͽкιϵ
쿴ˣ󣬿ھͰڳĸ֣
ʥ̺һ㣬Ϊھļ֮һ
ûе£ˡڵǿߵŶһʮ˵ߡ
ʱ˲ѿʦͽһŲ׵ĹϵȻˣǽҪѹʦͽȥǾȻǳ˵ΣϾʵǷǳֲģħڵħIҪǿᣬ߻һͷصĵۻʼСޣǰˣǸѰ·Ϊ
ﬣ
һնգʮ¡
˭ˣ
쵭Į
ʮ˶һΪ׵ǿ߿죬£ƺûɣ
ѣҡ
ԵúܰԵ
ΪĹϵŶ׻ʳץסвӣʹӱץЩǰ㣬ҲûͷΪ׻ʳټӺغŶദʱ䲻࣬˵Ǻ٣ȴͽԷѣʦͽ㱻׷ɱȻˡ
ʮԣɫǱòôÿ
£ҴǺ۸ģδ̫Եˣ
һ˳
ƫͷմ۳ŶּѾ԰׵û˿Ѫɫӣ漴ƫͷʮˣɱǶѡ
ʮһ㡭
䣡
һɿϢڵɫâƵ콣ˡ
һ콣âԻͬʱʮ֣ն¡
ǳ˽ӣΪ˷ǳɣֱŶףǳ񾲣ʮ׷ɱӺŶκ˼ֱӽʮ˼֮˵˿֣ɫ콣ǿʢ˫
ɲǶѣƬձ飬һϯҰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըڶص˱ķ飬


1114 ն
ѪƮڿУڶ𣬶ʱʮʿǺݺһ
ôҲһڶǿ߰Ȼô׵ľͱɱˡ
㡭̫ˣ
ʮ־ŭ
׷ɱʱɱʱһ̫֡

ʮɫǱ࣬޷ҳͬʱֺǿ־塣
ߣǰһ콣Ϊ֮裬϶
һʱ䣬ĽƲ㶼ɢˣ׷ɱĻʣµʮȫ֣޲ն¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
գۼѣ˱ն飬ֻʣǱӳԶٵĶߡ
Ÿոճӭɫɱ͵ȫ顣
ǿߣ
죡ѾһʮٵҴ󣬶㲻˿ô
һǿҧ
Ҳ˵ˣѾʮڣ¶һǴ󣿡
鵭Į
Ӳˣѣ;Իỹɫ¶ԷҲ˿ں
ϣգۼǳǿǰֱһȭѹ¡
˵һΪ֮ҡʮռ顣
㡭
ۣ
ڵǿֱӱһȭ򱬣ΨݳѺۡ
췴־һƣŵâ͵һĵķѡ

󷽣ŶиһĨĨ⡣֮ǰ˵ǿߣҲ˴ʶӻʱۼ̲סԾϾӱ˴ʶӻԼ߼ĸܣǺܾ޴ġ
׷ɱʮ˻ʣ°ˣʱļ£亹ֱȫĿֲʵסˡһˣ׾ͱɱˡ
ֿߣ
һҧ
˵ͷ̫ǿˣ˶һӣԻᱻһ򾡣ֿߣܻš
һʱ䣬ವģŰ˸ͬķƾżٳԶ߶ȥ
ߣһ۷Ʒʥ߱ɹУֱҡ
ˣ
ʮעԼĴһʱ䣬˵ʸڹ֮ϣÿһ֧߳ÿһ֧Ƶǿ󵽼ɱϢ
Ŷߵİˣйһɣ̼䣬֧ɱʸವ
ձᴩռ漴һ̣֧ʸգ۱Ƶ
ۣۣۣۣۣۣۣۣ
˵Ѫͬʱը顣
УΪΪǿû𣬴һ־֮ɫٴγԶߡ
ߣ
̧֣ٴοʸԻವĳȥ
֧ʸգۼ͵Ľ˵飬ɲǼɢ
طһ¾Ͱ
߱ɹתߵʦͽԡ
أ
Ŷգգ۵ʮǿߣȻô̵ʱھͱȫˡ
ЦǿС
ǫǽı֡ŶЦһغټûаָУȻմȾ۳ϢȴԵ÷ǳ飬Ц䣬ǲɵһֱķ飬˵лл
ѣӦġ
Ц
Ѿ˻ʱ۵СӣҾЦķǳ⣬ʵ˵ǲ˼ҹ⣿
⻰쵱
Сֵܣлˣ
ʱǰ΢΢
æֹסԷһ񣬽ӵǰʹã
Ϊص֮һǳܶԷȴ
ѵõЦǰҫۣٴμ棬ʵȣ˵ţͻȻһֱӿȳһھѪͷǳ԰׵ɫø԰ס
Ŷһʦ
ҲǶݣʱӵϢ΢ˣǷвһ㣬ʱпϨ
ƺǱնˣ˵ĺء
ڵ
üն
ĺ֮һɸʿľǣһֶң˻ʱԽԽӣһڷǳǿĹ

ǣһŶ¶ݣ֮ǰʦҵһʱûпرƣΪûд󰭣û뵽
˵ţеâӿܵĴʱΪܼ֮ĵâ˷Ļ۶ͣȴǿմӰ㲨׳ֱ֣ûڡ
ȵâǳŨޱȴ⣬ƶһ붯ݡ
벽ξȻôŨôĴ֮⡭ȻͨǿҲ𺳣漴뵽ʲôͫ¶ŨŨľɫŵĶŶѵǡ壿
ʲôǸǴ壿
ԣʱ󾪡
ΨԵúƽǰϾƹе֪Ŷ塣
ŶӣǣޱߵâԴԴϵûڣʹӵɫʼָ
նɵˣֶͨΣ㴿Ĵ֮Ȼû⣬Ǽصĵˣȳ̶ȵĴ֮ӦҲֱֱĿŶһ˫ͫǾɫ岻ɣ
ˣ
Ƭռ䣬âܣһûڣʹӵʼǿʢҲһٶȿʼָԽԽʢ
һ̣͵һܵĴâȫɢ
Ŷ⣬âʧϢ͹ȡ
ҡľˡ
ӣϴɫ漴ʶ졣
壬ųƴĳԵĸӦ֧ǿƥҲΪ֧ŲУһûȻΪҲʲôˡ
ӭ΢㶣һЦ

ǰһ
СӣնһֶοɲΣаǣղǰŨҴĴ֮

Ҳǣ֮취

ƿ̫Ϊ̫ʥţƾӦÿնӵơ
Աߣֱӽ̫һʱ䣬ѪɫĻԾֱӽ֣ԴԴϵûڡ
ʥݣ漴Ǹˣ㻹ĻӦûˣƿ̫Ȼֻ֪Ǹղһʱû
ˣ
Ѫɫ˶ûڣܿ죬ӵľֿʼɿĻָ԰׵ɫú
ˣȥʮܵĵ˾Ȭָ
ˡ
һЦ̫


1115 Ҳ
̫Ϊ̫𿪴һ;ӵױȵЧӵľͻǵˣȻѡ
ĺˣ
ŶԵЩġ
ʱӾ񾡸ɫúܺǸƽЩ
лСֵܣǷһδˡ
л
֮Ͷѣǰǧ

ǣͽأղſͽܵ񣬶
Ʋ졣
ðߣݺݵ߷Լʲôʱˣ
ŶգգۣӴ΢ЦƿЦһҲ⡣
ûʣ⼸λǣ
ӿƺͷС̫
Ǻѡ
ЦΪӺŶܣȽӺŶ
ӣӣЩ죺һӵĴˣ
ǡ
ӵͷⲢûʲôġ
ǰһǺų£ĳ̶ֳ˵ܿ¡
ĵ
ıƽһҲԾΪӵѾϾƹ֪ˡ
ӣʵǰЩˣΪʲô׷ɱǣ
һԣҲǿӣͦġ
ƫͷԶ˫ֲɵýһ£漴ɿ̾һ
ӣǰġʦ֡˵ţȭʮǰ㣬˴󣬵λͣҪȡ汦񾵡
ӣ񾵣
ü
ԶݣлһĨ⣬ӵ˵ʮǰһʱһδӣ֮伣һפҲһҹ仯һƬ棬˵Ǹʱ򵽵׷ʲô
⻰в죺£
פһҹ仯һƬ棬¡ôǱ˸ٵˡ
ȻƲ죺ڵھ򴫿ˣû˲֪
ü뵽ʲôӣʵǣǸйأ
һʼᵽʦӣңᵽ˵ʱԵĽ˽ȭͷɫҲЩԣƺΪ׷ɱŶ
ӵͷǡȭֿڣһʼڲһ񾵣Ī֮ܣֻ֪λڡǣѵ˶ǰȡǷ񾵣Ϊ߱ȥȡ񾵵ʸʮǰʦӣʱһ֮ͻȻһ֮λôңȻ󡭡
˵ţӲɵֽ˽˫֡
ü²Ȼǰ㵱Ǹʦ֣ΪûеõλöӣЯ֮봫󣬶ֽ֮һפأҪģӦò֮λãͨλ֪λڣȻȥȡ񾵣𣿡
ᵽһЩУѾǵ֪࣬ǲѲµǰ֡
ӵͷǡ˵ʮǰҹŴһǿ߻ص֣ʦλãʦȻֶ֪νפӹһ٣ʦԼȴڽһ̡˶ˡ
˶ϡ΢̾λǰӦǵԼڱסʣԲšܲµʱʲôԼڱνӿס󣬿ܻᵼ֮йս
˿ȻҲһ㣬˫յĸЩ漴̾˿ʦ֡츳ҺһЩʵҲǿһЩʱʦ֮λôʱʵɻ󣬲ڡƫͷŶڣҴʦΪλľ
쿴Ŷһ˿˿
Ϊʦӣ㵽δĵ壬԰ɣڣһŶݴԣ֮һʼ棬壬֮ǰᵽģΪʲôʼµѵ֮Ȼ֪λãȴȥȡ񾵣ѵĴݱǣֻȥȡ񾵣ǰɣ
΢΢ݣһڱŶʣµµĶȾҲֻһ˲ѱʧˡϾղŶ԰벽ΪǣôŨôĴֻ֮ҪЩˣѲ³ŶʣԵӴһ֮λõԭ²⣬ֻҪ֪ŶʣҲѲ³
ʼȷʵ壬ΪʼҲʼʹ֮ʮ֮һֱڣѾ֪жôƾõ¡ӿڣѵļҲȷʵλԣǣһֻӿǰȡ񾵣档
ȻүµһͷֿŶȻ壡
ӵĻǿ϶ڵӽһ֮˵λôԭĲ²⣬Ҳͬʱһ㣬Ŷȷʵ塣
ҲֱֱۣŶ尡Ȼһ£ǸŶ¡Ͼɲһ㣬Ϊĳ϶ƣһɣս
бһһԴ˲⣬ΪѾ֪Ŷ壬ӵʵǰһ֮λӣҲп񾵵Եʣټǰδĵ壬Էֱӽһ˵λôǰ㡣
˵ţ˶٣ֵʮǰǼºǰӦǵڰ뿪˵ھȥ²ʱôʮ꣬ǰػأ׼Ŷ׼Ŷȥȡ𣿡
ӵͷֶ֮ѹ뿪Ƭʹ޷ݵҵκ£ڻԵɺŶһֱߡŶֿ죬ʱô꣬Ŷִﵽ˰벽룬ʱŶŶȥȡˡⲻʼѵʦиҵ£ҲΪŶܹøǿ
ǰЩӣҺŶԿ򼶵ĴصƬȴ룬ƬһЩֶΣѹԼֹݵʧЧˣ֪ټǲǿץҡ˵ţ̾˿Ƕ㣬ҺŶһӲⳡѡ
Ŷ죬գգۣЦŵлĶ㣬ء
ҲЦҲǡʱߵҽܻʧȥһλصǰһƯѡ


1116 ǰ
ȷʵͦҵģûǡ߹ӺŶƶѣҲϣģԼߵʦͽˡ
Сӣ⻰˵Ŀ顣
Ʋ졣
ʵʵ˵

˶٣ӣǰʲôʱȥ
Ϊҹζ࣬ԽԽã̾ʹŶǰ
ӵ˵ھдȻ֧ţܹ㵽ټʱϵԽ÷ձԽ󣬾Ŷȡ񾵷;
룬Ļһȥ
΢㶣дԵĸмȴҡͷлСֵܵĺ⣬ǣܻܴ鷳Ѿܶˣٸ鷳ʱ˵Ŷһȥ壬֪ŴҪԸŶ׼ǰ
ʵϣʱȷʵҪȰֻǣֺܵģȥܴ鷳ϾŶĶӣҲǾ֮ͨдȻ֧ţһ˶죬Ƕ˵Բһ£ܻܶ಻ҪӰ졣
ΪǿܿʲôЦǰ赣ģ鷳׻ʳ׷ɱʱɽּżӺŶŶֱӵĴݹĸϢŶ׻ʳץȥвټʼղӣʦͽĺܸм
ȻϾƹʦͽˣȻҲʦͽһΣЩҪҪǣ֪ӺŶѣȻ֪ǾȻӲνˮ֮ӿȪ౨ǳһ㡣ҪǣӣҲŶǺѣˣʱȻѡŶͬУŶȡ񾵡
⡭
ӸӸмȴЩɡ
ͷⰡˣС֮ǰĻ˵Ѿˣ¶һ󣿡Ʋ죬ֵңһǸʼµĵ˵ʵڵģүȥһ
Ҳڣԣ룬Ժͽܼ޸Сӻˡ
̲סðߣһ˵ʲô
һӵôǰŶ˳ȡ񾵣ٷֿ˵ţЦǰÿǷʲôôպŶ֮гɣ޳ܵһЩ£ͺˡ
һ㶣ѵõĿЦ漴ֱޱŶֻҪ໹ţֻҪŶܰæպСֵκ£ԵȫԸı棬ǽĺ⣬ҲǶŵ
ŶЦǰԵ÷ǳ飬л
һЦǣ߰ɡ
ӵͷ£һ뿪طԶȥ

һޱΡĸɽϣһ޴ĵţ·ɽһһ־˵һ佻֯һơ
ǣ֮
ʲô
һڣһļһһü
ڵϥһˣΪһִ£ԴĴôϢһɳȥץӵʮˣȫˣˣȫ
ʦУһһ꣬ü㲻ǳƣӺŮӶǴ֮£߱вΪŮӵΪ֮ǰѾ˴ʦܽٶʦʮǰѹˣڣʦݣƺЩƫ
ƫͷ꣬ԵЩգҵݣ
ȻʦˣֻЩѡ
괦׼ۼΣΪĴ֮һʵǿ󣬿ǣڲڵĵĲȴһҲûֻΪӣǴǳ󣬶ңЩŶԷ֮Ǵһȷʵ治Сһһۻ涼ؽӼԷԿڳƹҪӵϱõ
һ⽻֯Ѿݳʮԭ򣬺ԼǸŮ޲ûֱӹϵʦͽ˵ʵ޹أǡ˵ţдź⣬һ̧֣һ⻭УȻӳ죬С̫ƣӺŶӰ춯ֵһģ棬Ȼܲȴ˵ܶ顣
˾ʦͽһݣĿֱֱӴ⻭еϣɵüˣЩ鷳
˵ţĿⲻɵ⻭еͷС̫ϡǰЩӣ̫նɱʥӵˣɱ׼ۣһжΪߵС޵ԭ򣬴Ǿڵۻʼڣ커ʦͽôҪץʦͽǱ㽫һǳ鷳£ͨ˺ֶͨΣЧ
ⷽڻһһЩǣʵǿ󣬵ʱȴҲһüȻҲ뵽˿뵽һϵ⡣
鷳ߣģֻ鷳ѣһ룬һԵˣĵǸ죬Կƿžô˻ᣬҵȽ֮ʦͽһѹҿԵõ񾵣֮Ժ֮ʹǴøǿǻԶĵõžʹʵٷưʮҲû⣡
˵ͷСȷʵǺĵȥ˲ɣǴʵѵԸôһͷСޣúһɣֻҪѹѹʦͽǵõĻرжô񣡡
⻰˶ɫһвɵһƹ˳
ȷʵ˵ĲֻҪѹʦͽӿԵõ񾵣֮Ըõ֮ǴѹԴõž֮ʹŵʵһ໥һǴĳưʮԲʲô⣬ֻҪʱգԿʹǴΪʮǿУ
£Ҫһ¼λ棬뼸λ涨ᡣ
ȴһƾâ

εһ䣬һ뿪֮ǰƬطӵĴ·ǰУʱٶȶǱȽϿ죬ߵľڼٺˡ
ǰƺ򣬳ȥλãǴ֮ڣ
ӵ
ԱߣҲƫͷӣʱȻǺһͬ⡣


1117 
ӭ죬Ƶӵ˵ͷȷʵλãǾ֮ڡ˵֮ǰͨھ򣬾޷ܺõĿƣԣֱӺʹǱߡ
ûаѻ˵꣬ǣ£˶Ѿ
ﵽյĻҪ£һɽÿռ䴫Ͱɡ

ھޱȺ嫣Ĵ֮ľȻҲǿĺԶҪһһҪķѵʱģһǿΪҪ뵽Ҳûʱ䣬ʱõİ취ǽһЩŴеĿռ䴫̨һһ˲佫ǴͳȥԶľ롣
Ӧ
Ƶ
Ҳôá
Ŷͷ
Ҳǵͷ⣬ȻǷǳá
ڣطĴţΪ̣ƬڶεĴ׼ֱĿռ䴫󡣡
ãǾȥ̽ռ䴫󡣡

·Уű̶ȥ
ط뱱Щ룬Ҳ̫ԶһնУºķʱ䣬ǳһɽȺ⣬һƬƬĹһϿշ裬ŨЩˣŨǳ
ˣǰǱ̡

ͷߣȥ
ѽ
ͷС̫ͷ
΢ɣ漴Ƕݣƫͷ
ƺ棺Сӣ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʱǿ֯Ӱգۼ
ˣһ£һŽףһźַĮ϶ǽŵĵһޱĵķС
׼ۡ
˫ۡ
ɫ΢ȭɫôÿ֪ӲԸһҪõ񾵵䣬ȴԷôʹôɳµǿ׷ɱңȻ׼ۣȲεˣǺܿ£
Ŷ΢΢üͷܿҲչΪվԱߡ
쿴Ŵ׼ۣȻ֪ԷΪʲô׷
͹
˵
棬ߣĿϣҲϣǴžâͬڿھһ㡣漴һ̣˸ƶΣ붯֣һ˸ѪɫĴ죬оŰپʮŸˣÿһ˶ǳԼÿһ϶ӡĵƷӣʼһֱɢһŵɱĵۼǿߵĵ֯УԶԶ׼۵ĵȡ
ɲǶѣŰپʮŸ˴ҡҷֱһȫм䡣
һʱ䣬ü΢ӺŶҲǶʱ䶼ʧɫ
ŰپʮŸ˵ƴɵɱۻʼǿߺɣңһ㾳ĵۻʣٴڵۻ죬նɱۻʵصˣģүղŻ֣˵ôʱһ㶼û⣬ô֮ǰСӸɵ߰˸׼ţһ׼۾ԻɵŶԣԭ˵ĶϣѹЩ
ֹһ㣬⼸˵ղſСӺһҲȣ֪һ㣬ңǸղſӺСӵǶ˲ڴӵ⣬ҲڴСӵ⡣
˵
н֯΢⣬ȻҲǷᵽ⣬ֻһ֮ͣǰʮ˱ɱǸӣǰ֮ƿŵļžҲһˣҪᵽ
⻰ƶ΢΢ͷȻ˵ΨһĽ͡
䣡
ŰپʮŸ˴գɱǿᣬʮƺҪط顣
ǿɲһɹ˵쫷磬Ұز񷡣
һʱ䣬طͬǷһ޴ĵ㣬ǰɽȺһľֱѣɽȺڵı̵һΪ֮ζ󣬴һƵػԻһεĻС
ʱ䣬̶ˡ
ôˣ
ô£
ʲô
౱̵ӶǱˡ
һĽͼ̫ϳ϶˳һǸӦԼһܼ𶯺ػԭ򣬽ԳɽȺȥ
ǣ
ɽ⣬̵һڴﶼǿ˾ʮŸ˷Ĵ죬е׼ۣеһˣһʱ䶼ǶݣϵľɫŨ
ǡǸ죿
꣬ǡ׼ۣǡˣ
Щ죬ɱ𣿣⡭ɱɵҽ̵𶯵ģ
ֲ֡ۻʶİɣ
Ǹ죬ʲôʱʹҲˣ
˳ԼһĽͼ̫ϳϵĿȥǿɽȺĳһ¶ޱ𾪵ı顣
䣡
ŰپʮŸ˴ҡҷķھʮأǵɱǿˡ
˷ִƾŰپʮŸ˴죬ĮĿһˡ
֮ǰǴɳ׷ɱʦͽʮǿ߱ɱڴһʦͽžֻҪһѹǲԻʹӵ֮ɸõİ󣬶ܶĴõžưʮΪһԺ⡣
֮󣬴ȷʵĶˣ浶λյõͬҪһѹ֮ǰΪдһͷۼСޣԣ˱һڵ񱦡ڴۻǿߺ죬ۻҲն
Уɨӣ죬漴ͷС̫ȻЦƵۼΣҲ͵ۻʵڶˣһļһΪеԵСޣҲͿȵۻʵڶأΪͨǰС̫ɱʥ̵ȼ׼۵ʶӻûиоС̫кǿĵɻɱۻصˣԣǸġ
ѽ
С̫ſͷϣЦŶԼЩ
УַһĮö˵ϻ֣ѹ
ͷֽ̧ӡ
̼䣬ŰپʮŸ˴ӿɲϢʮ졣
ݣƶݣŶݣӶݣһɫ䡣
ģɱǣһණôϵõ

仰䣬¡¡ɱ⣬ͬ嫺󣬺ƺƵѹһˡ
ʮգһʱ顣
üС̫Сһס𣿡


1118 ɲСһ
ɱɽҪһжʹ÷ԲǧڵĿռ䳹ױˣֹͣϵİƱȫɢµĲϯһɹɿ쫷磬ɱƺƵѹ䣬Ȼ춼оɭ
ȴǲûʧɫ󾪣ΪС̫ſͷǱʶСһһܹӦȾ档
ѽ
С̫Ľǰᶶһ£һȦɫͬˮư㵴˿˿ƵʥѹɱâӦϡ
ʱ䣬ķѹĹɱ
漴ģһ촫ͬմɱ˰㣬ŰپʮŸ˴̳Ѻۣȫ۶ϣͬʱҽ
飡
飡
飡
һɣȥʮԶһǴڿѪ
ʱ䣬ƺɫ̲ס죬ֶǴЦ
С̫̫ˣа
ƿЦ֮ǰ֪С̫ȴȻܵǣʵǾŰپʮŸ˺ɢ̫ǿᣬȻС̫ȻֻǶ³򣬾ͽɱۻǿߵľˣʵ־˷ܡ
һĴЦúúã
أʱҲǲɵ죬С̫ЩԱߣŶɵ죬ɴۣʱʵǱС̫ǿʵĹǺˡ
Զڣһһڴﶼڶطһһ󾪴󺧣ͷð亹
ղŵǾʮŸ˺ɵɱж£ڵһڴȻܹĵԶԶĿŶо־壬궼ҪѿˣɾˣȿµľɱȴǱͷС̫һ³͸˺ѵˡ
Ǻεȿֲʵ
⡭ͷСޣҲܿȵۻǿ߰ǿ
ɵһļ¡
ԱߣһһЩͨͽľɽȺ⣬㵱ʯ
ˣȫС̫ʵסˣ
嫵Ⱥɽ⣬׼۱ɣһǿӿѪϱ鲼ѺۣϢ˥˵͹ȣǷвʱϨȫش
СһȻ
ЦŶС̫
ѽ
СһӦ۾СǸ˱ĺӰ㡣
һЦ̧ͷ׼ۣϾֱɫâԻ⣬һƵĴ֯תۻ۵ɫâУʹâɱ֯Ϣ˲ǿʮ֮࣬
Զ׼۸һ־ֿ֡
ߡӣ
һ˵
ˣҲû뵽ߵС̫Ȼô£ǴԼһĵɱ󣬾Ȼǰ׾ͱС̫飬ͬʱشԴ嶼ѾǳѺۣʵǶʱȫ־ʱּǿɱڵش״̬һвУǶԶȥ
һʱ䣬ವģƿޱ˷ֱͬߡ
ڵ״̬ͨʿɱǣǰߡ
쵭Į
һϽ֯Ŵɫâ˲Ϣնͬ㣬գۼǱƽԣ˵ĺ׹ᴩ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըͬʱնķ飬ͬͱԴҲһ
С̫ش׼۱ѾıԵȫ߶Ĵâն£Ȼǵֵסһʱȫ
һʱ䣬طһӾͰ
ѽ
Сֽ̫
ЦЦת߻ӵԡ
Ѿָ˹Сֿ̫죬л⡣
죬һξŶ
ǰЦ߰ɣȥ̡
£һ˳ɽȺڵı̶ȥ׼̵Ĵʹ
Զ̵һڴ͵ͽڿɽȺ⣬ʱȻǶڳǽɵķһʱ䣬̲ס˸
ˣΪʲô
Ҫʲô
⡭
ڣһ˳ԼһһʿĪ㤡
濴
һһ̫ϳϵԵʮֽţ·Ҫһ㡣
£һһڴȫŽȥ
һٶȲܿߵ˱ʮɣ漴ǽӷŵĻЩΪǱ˵֮ߵӦһЩء

ҲʱڣһӰˢˢ߳ǰһ̫ϳϺͽȴǸһͨϺִ£Եúܽš
һĻʹһ˶ǲɵ΢㶡
֡Сѣλ֪ٱɽ̣кιɣ
һǰ΢΢֡
Ǳ̵һ̫ϳϣΪ׼۲Σǳǿ󣬵ʱ죬ȴһСı飬ǵĿͷС̫ʱ̲ס΢¡ʵǣղСһֳǵʵ̫ڿֲˣµ죬ʱ鷳ˡ
ű̫ϳϵı飬뵽С̫ղɽȺױ׼۵£ǶȻЩ֪һĻӦǱĺܽı̵һڴ￴ˣԴʱŻ㡣
ǰһű̵̫ϳ΢΢֣ǰãҪ̵Ĵһãǰ򣬻ǰи㡣Ȼ̵ĴǲãԵһıꡣ
ʵߵС̫ޱȿ£ӸղɽȺһĻСһܹ׵ĻɱһĵۻǿߣȻˣԱ̵̫ϳԵúܿ㹻ص̬ԷͨϾԷԷΪֶӦÿ
̵̫ϳĻ˿Ҳŵɻ·Ǿã첻ǽɵ鷳̫ˡһһڴҲ˿Ǽͷж˿ʯ㡣
̫ϳϿڣԵģû⣬ⶼС顣
ǣлǰˡ
һЦл
̵̫ϳ֣С¶ѣСѿˣˡ
˿ȻдٴԷл⡣
£һűһڴǶУܿ뱱ڲһĶһڣһƵԲʯֱ̨ԼʮңϿӡƴӣһɷǳŨϢ֯š
ȻǳӴ󣬿һԴˣңڵҲѾǳƾãгʮ꣬򲻻ôŨϢ֯ϡ


1119 С̫
ǰĴ̨аԵͷΪھڶεĴ治Ĵ̨ͨľŽ׿ʦǾԿӡģңڴ̨Լоһ˿һضǳۻʼǿߣǱ̵Ĵʼ棬ǺӢܡ⴫̨Եۻ֮֡
ˣ
дܿ죬̨ҫ۵Ĺâϵһƿӡ·˰ɣһԴ̨Ի֯ŵ⡣
СѣͨţбɣԼʮ󼴿ɴﵽ򡣲ľ꣬޷ȷСѼ¡
̵̫ϳ϶ΪԶ죬ȴǷǳ
лǰȻҲǺܿԷ㹻أ漴΢Σʯȡһͨ龧һ龧ǰЦɡھĸ򣬸ԼľǳңԶȿͣҪķѵǳ޴󣬲һȴҲԶԶķѲ龧ǰ͵㣬һ龧ҲǴ´࣬Ƿǳıˡ
ҪҪⲻֻǾ֮ͶѣС̫ˣ
̵̫ϳ֡
ǰⲻֻǾ֮ͣһС¶ѣСѿ콫龧ɡ
һĽҲڡ
ǺʢôһͷµСޣʱȡһ龧꣬ǻЩգˣ֮顣
쿴űһڴǵı飬ܹµõʲôǰṵ̀װ׺ķԴ˵ȥ֪Էй˼ɣҲ˵ʲôһ龧һͨʯУķԱߵһϣ漴ӵ˿ϴ̨
ٴθл
Цкӵˣֱӿʯ̨ϵţ˲ʧ
һڴһ㶵ģµ龧ζûȥȡ
һڴЩ漴һЩ̨ķ򣬲ɵ΢΢üһ˿ڣЩǵĵ̫ϳϣ졭񳯣Ĺ֮Թ贫ǰǼǿ֪ˣᡭ᲻ᡭ
⣬Ϊ뵽ֻǣΣѵǻܲ裿
һ̫ϳϳ
ڵ죬û˵ʵϣ˺еһУԹǽ촫Ǳ֪ܻһЩ鷳ǣ쿪Ҫ贫ȴҲǾԲҾܾϾ߿ôһͷֲСڣΪܾŭ죬һԣҲһѡԣ£Ǹûѡء
̫ģ贫£ֻҪǲ˵ȥ֪
һ̫ϳϵ
⻰һЩǶǳ˿ȷʵ촫£ֻҪһ˲ȥ֪̫ǡ
˵죬ʵǿôһͷֲСޣȴû˿İʢˣƷʵǲ
һĽ˵
һڴĬ˿ڵƽĶۣһ㣬ȷʵǺѵá
ǼǺײС
紫ԣȫǹȥһǴźڰ˼뷨ôԴ֡˵ˣߣһǺöȫĨɱ˻ٵвźã
ҽ
ʱڣһ¾Ͱ

һ˿ڣռһƬڰ·Ұһ˫δס˰㡣
̲δ̫ãʮȥǰһƹ漴ļһȺ󱻴ɽֱҰС
򣬵ˡ
һ۾ϳ֮
ͷӵǰ·ɣЩȡ
ӱ֣ض棬ܺЩҸУ˵ŵطǡþƬԶǵٶȣϰվܸϵ
У߰ɡ

£ǰ·һ˽նУλȥ

ʱһΣתʱȥ
򣬴󡭡
ʲô
һڣŭ𣬼վһ𣬸ŭӡ
ڸղţͽǰѹһ˵׼۵Ļƣȫˡ
׼ۣȫ
ǲǴ˾𣿣ۻصҲնôᶼѣ
Ǵĺĵ֮һնۻǿߣֵһΪ񾵺ϵžȵǾԲģɾˣ׼ۼǿߴȾǰȴȻȫˣʹеļŭĲУУ׼۵ʧ˾󣬶ǴԣԳ֮ء

ҧ
ߣһӾһߣһζҲ֪ͷС޸ɵģǵ͹ͷСΪһֱڵ񾵣ԣӺʹһڴﶼڵȴϢû뵽ڶɳǿߣʧΪ֣ûнʦͽѹء
ʦڣõΣ
У֮ǰǸ꿪ڣͳѹԼŭ
һΣΪӶȡ񾵵£ǴȺʧʮǿߣ׼ۺһڿɱۻǿߵḷ̌ȴʵ̫ˣѾԶԶЩ֮Ǵĺô
ӿ꣬ȻܲԷѹŵŭڹﱾ𣿺ߣ񾵣棬ǴҲ棬ץ죬ǵõĺô࣬Ĵʼǣֻ֪Թ
ɫܲÿ˵ĺֱӣȴʵǴȷʵΪᵽ񾵺󣬿ӺʹǴõ׳󣬷ǳ֣ѹ£ȻҲȷʵĶˣĴ򣬵ȷǴϣһ޿ۡ
קק˫ȭŭѹ£ظ֮ǰĻʵõΣ
һֻҪѹǴأܵõ񾵺ž̶ʹư£ԣȻüңץ˵ڴ֮ǰֻСľΪԱһȫ֮ߡȻҲֱ뵶ļλЯ챦һ֣һ̫֣λǰֵĻ̧ѹȫ
ư£ΪʮĵһһȷʵźܴջڵĴļﶼд⡣漴꿪ڣ챦̫ǲ֣λ棬֣ܳͷС޵ľΪӣȻã
ʦݳͷС޵ľΪ֮ȥʾλİš꿪ڣ漴˶٣ֵٶෳʦһ䣬֮ǰʦݰ벽ǸŮޣһǿͷС޵ǴڻۻʼɣͷСޣҪĴۣΣ
һܾ֮ˣÿȴҪһЩۣݵ¸ϵԽأݵΪԽǿĴҲԽ󡣶ȻôʣȻǹӣǹԼһˣΪһһԽݵĴ۴ݵϣ൱ǽ˵ļƷЩÿ£۶ͽΪܡ
ǰݰ벽ʱֱӵǴһǿһۻʵľΪ֪ЩһͽһνҪܵĴ۾ΡȻ⵹ҲϧͽֻǴ֮ǰ֪һЩһ
ӺߵϴŮ֮һʿΪԷ壬ܴˣִڰ벽ܵĵȽأΣݵͷСȻǴڵۻʲΣΪԶԶǸŮǿȴǴܴıӻԣҪܵĴҲͺǸ벽࣬ҲһͽѣڸС
ͷãȥ׼Ժʦнˣ׼׵󣬻ʦǰ
䣬תֱ߳ܿʧԶ
ߣ⽻̧֯ͷĲ񷣺񾵣ҵģ

һٶȺܿ죬תۼǰչȥ
ʱһ˳һƬ͵ɽǰһƵİɫƮš
ˣ
ӿڣвɵøһƾâΪطһһöĪ񾵣Ϊһʼ
Ҳоâ֯ǰɽȣڣ


1120 쳹
ǰɽȣн֯һƾâ漴۲죬κ¶Щ֮ɫطȥƺͨΪ۲ܣطǳһ㣬û˿ֵùעĵط
ûʲôĵط
Ҳڡ
վطȥɽҲƮŨѣûκβ֮
ӣʵǰȷûмǴλã
ûģɫɽڣҪضλϿӡķģ漴ıԴϢӡܴڣȻȡ񾵡ڵ̣Ҫķʱ䡣
죿ôã
Ƶۡ
ǹעһ棺ӡĺҪ鱾ԴϢӡܴŻô˵Ǹʲôʦ֣֪ľλãҲ򲻿Ե
ӵͷǡ
Ȼ֮ǰֱӸ׷ɱЩطλò͵ˣǸ֪ҲˣҲñЩ׷ɱˡ
۵
бԴת£֪ӵԣһͽЩˣһʳλúֱӾɱǰŶʱĵطֱӾͻᱻЩɱ෴ǲܶһңȻʼµĵطԷòʲôҲ䵽ҺТ
ӵͷȷСֵԡ

ŶЦ
һЦ£һ˳ɽȥ
ɽڣɫŨܶ࣬ҲԵúܿǰ·ԼȥʱһѵصݣѰһʯԡ
ʯֲܴڣѾմɳһݣЩͨĲ꣬ȻڷҲԿõżһƬҶմŵˮ¶
ѵأˡ
ָǿʯ
ʯԼ߸ƽ۲죬ûпʲôرĵطһͨʯͷ
طеĪĸоɵЦ漴ƫͷӺŶôǰŶھͿʼɣһȡ񾵣ܶһְȫ
ӵͷ£ѵصķĺӡȫ߸ŶסӡĵĹ̲жϣҪһǳɣ⣬ӡḶ́ÿӡҪ鱾ԴκһᵼʧܣҪͷ
֪ʦ
Ŷ
ӵͷɨʯϵĻҳŶٳʯϣ漴źȥ
ЦŶͷҲȥ
ԱߣȻҲǳ˿
ʱŶҪʼӡķģܶҪܵţǿ̫ܻӰԷ
ŶˣЦ£⽻֯һƵ˸
ˣ
ʱ˷Ũĵâӿ֣ƶ
⡭治壬ֻǶһԣн֯ʵھˣĸ֣治ǽм١пΣһ޵ɣǿɵ˲ãǣͶ㶼Ǵ
Ҳоȣȴֻôһ˲ѣϾǿ塣
ˣ
ǰʯ֮ϣŶ֮⻷ƣٳ
漴ȥʮʼ͵âںϣڳʯϿӡطģÿһʶԵúֱܻȥʮſӡһġ
⡭ô
Ƶۡ
춢ųʯŶ̺õķģоâ֯ģЩ⡣
Լʶ£Լܹӡǵȷģҷǳף̧־ʶռڿ̳Լʶп̳ķĺŶ̳ķԱȣȴǷ֣̳ķֻǺŶ̳ķһѣ̳࣬ķľǼдһ֣Ŷ̳ķģȴǴһ̣߼䣬űϵ
˶٣ƫͷӣʵֻԻĵ壿
ӭƫͷӵͷСֵܹȻ򵥣һ˲Ϳ˳ȷһʼݣģֻӡЧӡǳķѾ񣬷ǳ֮˿ӡȴǺܼ򵥣˲ϢܿӡǣӡȴֻһŶѣûκЧ
Ȼ
ͷ²һ
ˣ
ǰâ˸ŶʼӡڶģٶȺܻרע
ʱһΣת۱ǰչȥ
պŶӡ˸ģķռеĵâ纣˰ӿ
һģѾҪӡһ룬дյʱӦþܿʼӡпһеҪ첻٣յʱܴŻȻУȡʼµ񾵡
ӿǰŶ¶Щ΢Ц֮ǰ˵ġҪʱ䡱ŶǰΪ㣬ȴʱ伴ɣ˵ŶԤеҪࡣΪʦȻЩ˺ͽ
ӵı飬ȻܲµӴʱʲôҲǲɵһЦȴû˵ʲôһߣֹκһ˿䷢

򣬴
⽻֯λõһƽشһﶼڡ
⴦ƽԵúܹ࣬Ͽķӡ˸һƵĹâԼռŷԲʮɵķΧһ޴ķⷨϢ죬ɷĹɵԲʱԲڸվһӰһΪһ꣬û˿飬һģߵĸоľǸܡ
һԲڣվһյĵ꣬Ȼӡ
ʦԿʼ˰ɣ
⣬һ꿪ڵ
ǰ뿪꿪ʼ׼ѡΪδӳ۵ļƷԷΪڶأѾĨʶ
֮ԣߵС޵ľΪһͨʿСԣڶص꣬㹻ˡǴΪھĶ֮һʿǺܶģһʲôΪҪǣһжΪ˽ǴԳưʮΪ
Ȼ
ڣһЦֱ̧֣ӡأʼݡ
һʱ䣬µķøڵԲâȷ󣬱һĽԲӣ֮ܵĴۣǻͨȷ󴫵ݵȥ
ˣ
ӽӡһƷĽ֯ԼʶûС̫ĻӰ֯룬ʹС̫ĻӰͬʵһ㡣漴һ𣬽ԼʶûƵС̫ĻӰ񷣬ûա
ʱصԻڲ۳һͼá
Ц˫ֻӡӽģǧΪԻģ翪
ˣ
ͻȻһ쳹ڤֱӴӵӽ
һޱѹֵϢ˲Ϣ֣δ֪ƺƵ£̼


1121 
ѹֵϢƵ£·潫Ҫ׹󶼲ͬǷһ㣬һ¥ڻζ·һ̾Ҫ̮
˵𣬴һػȫп֯һɹɾ˵ĵˣһػȴڲ
ʱ䣬˽Ǵ󾪣ô£
ʲô
һһڴҲʧɫ
ʱһػ󣬾ȻȫҾȻڲסĶһ̾Ҫһ㡣
⡭ǣ
ʱŲϣиȻͷ亹ס
ˣ
׹Ϻ·һٽҪ١
Ĳóƣɲӿ˲һƬڣڱʮ
ˣ
𶯾罻֯ڰͬ㳯˷ӡ
תۼ䣬һƬڣ޾սս

ô£
졭ôˣ
ѹֵϢʲô
ޱߣҲ֪жôһ̣Ƭϣһʿ𺧶㤣ǿͻأһƬڵĲ񷣬ԿеĹֻĩշ·Ҫ˰㣬Ȼǿİ벽ۻʣҲһɪɪ

ɽڡ
Ŷӡģʱ붯ݡ
ǿ죬һҲǱɫͻأޱߣǵȺƵµϢ̫ѹˡ
ǡСӶٵĳӿֱֲǡ
ۡ
ģ⡭ϢүҪˣ
Һ
ȵҲľ棬ʵЩˡ
쿴ŲϣǰŶֶԷ΢ȻܵӰ졣£ǰ˲ڳʯǰλãڽɫγһɫĻԳʯΪĵķԲʮɵĿռȫǣŶУͬʱֽ֯һƷƣϢȫ
ʱŶһһ˺ܶ࣬·ͷжһʯ
̧ͷ죬۾գ£лл
Цҡҡͷ漴̧ͷϡ
ʱԭĲͻأúڰԿһ罻֯Уȷʵԣٺ񣬶ңϢȹκһٶҪֲȴҲ֪ⲻ٣ΪȫûеϢ

򣬴
ˣ
׹һ̣ϿգǣһƬ׺ͻأл䷶ΧסϢš
Ϊ׼ۣȴԱȻӣǾĪ
ôʲô
һ̣еɫʧˣ־帲ǣסķŵŵɵĺˣǺףȳĳ֣ͷСйء
ڷŭ
ˣ
𶯣ը죬˲һػ
漴һ̣ܼˮ׹䣬ٽ٣
ʱ䣬ڣһ̮һ١

ҽڴһഫĵӱͷڣȫˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ӵڵĵطܼ֮ǿɲ
۵һӳܴ۵ֱըһѪû¡
ܣһƬƬռѡ
ôã
طһʮԳǿֵµĻ磬Ǳ

ҽ׼۱ʮԵһУըѣ飬Ѫˮķ
Ӳһ۷ʥĺڶסֻʵ硣
Էͺӣô£㲻˵ͷСޣֻһʿĴô£Ϊʲô
Ȼ֪ˣȳĳ֣ͷСǶֱŭĲУٳƺԷΪʦֱơ
Ҳ֪ӦûġӦðʲô
ӲȻֻǴ֮ƿأȴѾǴﵽһܸĲΣԤߵĵۻʼСֻ̫ǵһʿѣڣû뵽ǣŸոݻС̫ĻӰûޣŸտʼ㣬ѡ
ŭ㡭
ʱһǴʮǵػƶˣֱһۻڲϻӶ׹ɱһ㡣̶̵Ƭ̼䣬ǴһѾдƬͥ¥٣ͽ֪˶٣ڣطѾһ׼۱ȴۣʵ̫޴ˡ
һ֣
һУΪߵͷС¡
㡭
ŭ㡣
ˣ
׹ӿ񷣬䡣
ڣһ飬һ̮ĩսһ㡣
ټĴһ˻׺֮С
䣡
һɵԴһ߿գۼǳӵڵĵطǿһɴˣһȫſ֯䣬ס
棡
¶ϲɫæһһ棬ڵۻ졣
ԱߣǶŽͬʱ΢΢˿еĿ־Щʱ򣬴ۻöԷӦܽⳡѡ
ϣڵĲ񷣬Щݣ漴ɨܣտӺһˣͳʵô£֮ǰڱչأͻأоԼһػˣлѹ£ǿ˳ȴǼôһĻһƬͥ¥ٵ٣ͽҲ˼࣬ڣо׼ۼǿط
ԣиŭݣӣ㣬һУ
ĺܷŭʱ䣬ΪӣǴʧ̫ˡ
ӵɫÿңҲû롭
ˣ
ʱٴ죬ңոӺڰ
һ̣ڵѿˣӰɻ˵ճ亳źȸ磬ֺĴ˵е鸡֣ܺƺƵ¡漴һ̣ڵĲϣĴУһӰԻĴ齫֮ƣػսǧһӿ֣ڳӰĤݡ
һ˲䣬ؼֻʣӰΪ֮ʧΪ֮ž

ɽڣŲϣΪ̫Զʱ򿴲ϿĴӰǣȴܸоһޱ˵Ϣ
⡭
ǿ죬һľ𺳣ס˸
Ϣ̫ˣ
оƺΪϢ
ѽͷС̧̫ͷķˮĴ۾иһ˿˿ãǺӰ߽Ϥ


1122 
ڿŲϣȴҲС̫ʵôСһ
ѽСһ￴ԶЩã֪ѽϤĸо
Ϥĸо
΢ɡ
СһˮĴ۾Ŵķ૵Ϥ
˳СһĿȥ΢жݣü󣿡
ΪӺŶ漰֮ǰ˽ŵĳЩ£ԣȻ֪ʲôλá

䣡
֮ϣ¡¡
ɻ˳ۺȸᣬִâӿһӰ֮⣬ӰеķŵǧΪ֮˶
ֳЩˣһʱ䣬һʿļ£Ӵ߳ǸۻĽҲоһ֣̿Ĳ¡
⣬ǡ
Ĳ
ȴĴǲһ̣ŲϵǵӰòȴܸоǿֲĲֻоԼһ㡣
⣬⡭ôʲô
Ӿ֣Ҳû뵽ͷС޻ǣȿֲĻ档
¡¡ģøڣ罻֯Ĵ黷Ӱ֮⣬ǧܱ߳Ĥݲĵۻʣض˶ڲ
ӰòͫһƬģڲϣӡ
ӵݲгױ־ŵŵɵĺˣͬʱۻʾĽߣǰȡңʱˣڲȥͷСޣҲû뵽ͷС޻ôµĴۣһ̣овǵӰţоһֻסĺ
ͬǰ㣬־ŭӺ㶼ˡ
䣡
ϽߵĻ
ϣͷĴ˵еһ𷢳ֱֱĳѹ¡
ͬʱڲ磬Ҳͷһ䡣
һʱ䣬ĻϢ٣ѹʮ
ǵٶȺܿ죬쵽ҲûзӦֱӱǱѹ
䣡
ߺӵڵĵطգ۱û

һֵĽд漴ɲǼʧ
ԼԿѪɫ֮۵ըɢ̳ܣһ绡֯ž졣
̳ɢȥӵڵĵطһ׵ľ޴ڶʵرۼǿڣˣȫʧӰ١
ϣӰһҲûǧϳ漴ɢ
ʱѹֵϢʧĺڰɢȥ¸Ƭ
⣬⡭
ǵţš
׷ʲô
ڣһڵͽ֣ɪɪ
һ̣ȥ̮֮ķѣ
٣

ɽȡ
ָˡֹգղţ׷ʲô
һ̣źڰɢȥջָ֮ǰǵѹֵϢҲʧӰ٣̣ӿʼڣʱȴãЩɻ
ѽС̫ſͷŴķ߽ûоˡ
ʲôϤУ
СһĸоЩ⡣
С̫룺ǣϤϤС
캹գȥƺ̫ס
ѽСһ˦˦СԴԺһ£˦˦СԴ
죺
ˣ
ʱǰĳʯϣâøӿȣŶϣѾıӡ˳ʯ֮ϣÿһĶǽ֯һϡ
Ѿӡôˣٹãӡڡ
ӵʱձǵѹֵϢʧѾƽ
˵ͷΪջָٶŶӡʲôźӰ죬ԣڳʯĽɫ⣬ʱ˻
ԱߣҲǴ֮ǰͻȻ䰵ƽûȥ룬Ͼֻǿձ䰵͸оѹϢѣʲô
һ̣һһǰŶƵâŨˡ
ӦúЩйأӡԽܱ࣬ߵĵǻԽӵӿ
˵
һ˰ĿŶӡģǽ֮ǰǵһɶ
漴ʱһΣתʱȥ
һ̣ʯϵĵâŨ˼֣ӡȦģÿһĶǽ֯һϣɢһƵɫâ
һˣڣԿʼӡŻˣӶŶŶסһҪ鱾ԴϢӡ֮Ҫ
Ŷ֪ʦ˵ţɵÿԱߵ졣
Цû˵ʲôŶĴָ
ŶգۣϢת۱úܿ飬鱾ԴϢ
ˣ
̧֣ʼӡÿһӡǷǳӣÿһӡӡڳʯϵȦĶᷢһҫ۵ĹâķӡԽԽ࣬ЩӡڳʯϵĹâǱøҫۣ֯ĵŨ
ǰҪã
ӡ
ӵΪ鷨ӡܶ࣬ÿӡҪϢᣬԣ̲ûô֮ǰҪʱܹһڿŶĸ㣬ʱӦ㹻ˡ
ͷ˵Ŀǰ
ŶӡϢԽԽǿʯϵıԽԽ財
ˣһۣʱȥ
ʱʱ䣬һԤȫǺϣŶһǡýӡϣʯϵĺ貵˼㣬һͼƮ
ⷽͼ֯Ũ֮⣬Ʈתϰɸߡ

Ŷӡƣ³ôһ֡
ʱ䣬ͼ𣬾ֱϯһɹ쫷磬ʮռҡһͬаŻֿĵɲǼӿͬ嫺ϵһ㣬֯ŵϢȴޱͣһַůĸо
Ŷ򿪵Ż˫۶ʱһͫʲס˸ѵõЩϾŻ󣬱һʼµڣ˵һʥأһʼһα򿪡Ϊ֤µ㴫ˣܹ
ŲϸֳаŻоܱߵϢ΢΢Щݣ⡭ǿķӡŲϣ״̬ŻڻţоŨĴŷӡʵǵŨȣľ
СӣҲˣڣŲоȥһƺĳּµӡطУһĵۻʾǿ߾н֯⣺һʼ桭˲ð


1123 ʼ
ĻͷȷʵŨķӡһĵۻʾǿ߾ģһʼ浱ܲ򵥡
ˣ
ϣͼâŨʹ״Żþ޴ܱ߽֯ŵķӡһ飬֮ӿĸ࣬춼ǵâ
һۣʮȥ״ŻȶֱԼڣȻܿĳɽľգӦоУٲȻһƬʵС硣
ﵽ羳󣬿ԼԴϣһʵС磬νǵʼݳԼС磿
Զݡ
С磬İϾƹʩչȻܹϵó
ϣŻȶâ㡣
ˡ
ŶӺһˡ
йŨԱһ󣬲ƽ
ȥɡ
һѵȻƣʱĵֻǰȡ񾵣ǺһǰҲΥѵû⡣
£һ˸תۼ䶼״Żգۼû롣
漴ɲǶѣһ˽ǳ֮ǰǷССʱȥⷽСĿռǳһƬεľ̳񣬴Եƽһжʵ֯һԡңⷽС磬һ˶Ǹо˷ǳ˵ϣһΪʵʵƮš
򵥰򵥣һռ䣬ǺĴûʲôˣ
Ծ
ǿҲǶݣʵƬռ̫ǷˣУоʹĴûʲôоҪӺһЩʹ̲סȣЩɣۻʼˣܹݻһС
ԱߣҲȣ漴ַһ£Żʧˡ
ȥղǿƬռʱ״ŻĲˡ
ƬռзӡŻȻҺԴｫ֮״򿪡
Ŷʱ˵
ͨĺ鷨ӡⷽһЩƬСĻĶʱϢ򵥽һӡһǰʱǳһ״ŻĿƬɽ֮
쿴ŻɵЦȥǱȽ򵥶ˡ
ࡣ
ŶһЦ
ƬС磬â͵ŨҲǿʢȴԵ÷ǳºͣһվƬСǾû̹ǽһȪС
ô

쳯ɨ£ԶһУӦǸλðɡ
ʮɽȺһԽɵʣͬȺһ㣬һ۾˷֣ôЩر
СֵܲµĲѵݣ񾵣ȷʵڡ
ӵ
һЦŶǣ߰ɡ
Ŷֿӣ漴һ˽ڿն𣬳ǰȥ
ʮɽȺ֮󣬾ЩԶһ˵ΪȾʲô⣬ֻʮ󣬱Ƕǰ
ȥ֪Ժֲʶɣŵââ֯
֨ѽ
ͻȻһ𣬰ƣǰʯпе
˶һ㶣ʯţȻпˡ
Ҳ΢΢죬ܿͻعŶ˵ͷ
߰ɡ
쿪ڡ
Ŷǰȥ
˸ں棬Ҳڡ
תۣһ˶С
ȥڵĿռǳһ֮⣬ûκηֲ㣬һƬɫӺɫĹ⾰һſõǳ˸ǳ졣
˶΢΢ԾڣĹ⾰ǲǿհ㡣
ܣڡ
ˣ
Уһ֮ͬˮư㲨ڵмλþ£
󣬴Լʱ䣬֮⽻ڣһõӰԻݻһŮӣ޾סҪǣŮӣһʣԻں·һ޾âӿ
һʱ䣬˽Ƕݡ
ǣ
һʼ棿
ƶݡ
ҲɵóԾǰŮӣɫǣʸ̫ǷˣԷվһ֣ԷǴĸоʹɵò¡
ʼʼ棿ʱݣ¶Ĺֻأ泯Ůд񣺡Ӽʼ棡һͳˣȻԼһʷϼʼĻ񣬺ǰŮӣһģһ
Ŷ״Ҳ΢΢Ů
ʼ棿Ȼط۳Ӱӡǣ
֪ۡһȻʲôеȴޱƾãȵھļе»ҪԶʼΪһĴʼʼ棬Ȼ۳ΣʵԾ
ֱֱĿŮӣ૵áƯ
пʵЩԡ
Ůӣʱ˳Էʵ壬ֻһӡǣΪŶһ̣ԻӰ
ûֻǰվһߣϾŮȻͬһ㣬һʼ棬޾ǰǿߣȴûʲôϵûıҪ
ӭǡ͵Ʈ𣬸һ崺ĸоڣʼ濪ڣ˫ޱºͣˮһ㣬ϣȥ̫ˡ
첻ɵöݣݣƶݣӺŶҲ붯ݡ
⡭
ſڣһŹֵı顣
ڵŮӣһʼ棬޾ǰµӡ۳Σʱһ۾ȻǿԼһĴˣǡ졣
ʵЩ졣
ǰ㡭
΢΢üԷ˿̵״̬͵ڵİ׼ʼǳǿԼֻʣ
Ůãһ۾ܿʵ壬ûֻǴ۶ɡ죬չ΢ЦĿͣȴû˵ʲôĿ˿ȥӺŶö񡣡Եúƽͣ䣬ĿŶϣ㣬һȦâʱŶ֣漴ԡ
Ŷ壬ڵȵˡ
ŮŶЦ
ʹ˶ԶݣһĴʼʼ棬ֻһӡѣʱŶʱȴʲôҲûֱӵŶ֡Ҫ֪Ȼʲô˲õ£ȴǷǳһ㣬Ͼһĵۻǿߣ޷һʱ֪Է
ʼ档
ŶŮԴâԣСĵ˾䣬ֳŮӹ
Ů΢Цҡͷ͵Ŷ漴΢Σڵʱӿתۼ۳һӵϵƱ鲼֯˿˿ǧİ㣬һɲĸо
һʱ䣬˽ľ
ǡ񾵣
춯ݡ


1124 񾵱
ɫĹž󣬲֪Ժֲʶɣ࣬ͨ鲼ŷµķĵƣ·ӳճؼһУһɼ׵ĴԨ
öžһڣһΪ֮Ծ֯
ûˣӦþ񾵣
Ƶ
ͷ
վһߣԵЩϾö񾵿һĴʼʼʷϣһȴʼ汾⣬ûκ˼ھôƾõºΪһĴ֮һҼˣ
ˣ
ʥĹâԾڷӿ񾵳Ӷ嫡
ŶҲԾɵŮӵʼ棬񾵣
Ůͷһº뻪С
һʱ䣬ɢɹŨʰ쵣һֻֻƫƫȻĺ衣
ѽƯѽ
С̫ſͷˮĴ۾һգһգģЩɹ⡣
춢ö鲼صƵ񾵣ȻҲЩԾȴǹŹ֣΢΢üΪöʱڸоϢڽ֯תǹ졣
Ҫ֪ʲôӦŶԣ̱ĻԪ챦Ҳ֯
΢ƹӿϣٴƯ񾵡
ʱɫһ䡣
ǣ
Ϊﵽ죬۵ƿѾǿԶǵȡʱ˫ۣöڿٰ鱾ԴңıʣƺͷǶɣǴϢ
ǡٰ뱾Դͷ϶ɣ
𺳣Ŀⲻɵƶȥ򻽳ö񾵵Ůӡ
Ůӣ޾ǰ壬һĴʼʼ棬ȻԼٰ뱾ԴͷǶö񾵣⡭𣿣
ƺǲĿ⣬ƺ֪쿴ʲôŮӵĿҲ죬֮ͬǰǰһĨЦͬʱԵЩͲɣ
һ̣ɫʥ⣬ϵĵȫܵâҲ֯ɲǼ佫ŮӺŶһ֡
ˣ
ⷽһֱԼĹȦγɣãƣһжɼҲ޷
񾵣ȻҪǸСŮںǰ漴ֽ֯âö񾵺ܲ򵥰үȱ챦һ챦үǰүҲֱϳö񾵣үȴȫӦʲôƷΨһĸоֻСɲ⣡
ܾˣ
Ҳͷ
дžâҲοĵŶƿöʼµ񾵣ΪʦȻ˸ˣο
춢ǰʱѾۣȴ΢΢üͷö񾵣ʼԼٰԴͷǶɣʵȡ
ˣ
У֮޾âƣγһȦڷΡ
ȦУŮӺŶƮУ³
ŶȦֿŮӣʼ棬ǡ
ں񾵣̲̫ãȻҲѣϾңͬʡŮĿºͣ˶٣֮Ҫ㡣
Ŷ΢㶣Լһʼ棬°Լ
ˣ
񾵹â˸ֱסŶ漴һֱ̣ûڡ
һ˲䣬Ŷɢ˵ĹΣ񾵻ʶȥ
󣬲ûйȥ̫ãʶУ֯һƹɾʮת۱ʶһʹʶһâʢ
ʱ䣬Ŷ͵һĸоʶеö񾵵ıʡ
ʼ棬ǣ
ŶŮӣѵõ¶ݡ
ΪͬΪ壬һ̿ʼںϣֱӸоˣö񾵣ǰʼ棬ԼͷǺٰԴɣ
ܳԾ⡭
ģ񡣡
ŮĿº͡
仰䣬ܣĵ⽻ڶֱŶûʹûʶеԸٶŶںϡͬһʱ䣬̵Ϣ磬ӿŶȫʹŶľɿ
ˣ
⽻֯âŨֻɲǶѣŶΪƽ

УȦ⣬ʱüͷ񾵵¡
ö񾵣ȻʼԼٰ뱾ԴͷǶɣδʵЩˣ˵ԪʱһҲôİɣ
οʼɻһŮӣͨŮӲǺܰϧԼȷʽ취񾵣ǷԲ尡
Сӣʲôأ
飬̲סʵ
ҡͷûʲô
ô˵ţüͷȴ΢΢š
𣿡ɵĿһۣ漴ƺ뵽ʲô˵Сӣ֮ǰְӣɨۿǷȦֿ죬ŹֵĵǸŮӣʼ棬Է񾵣ȻѵΪ˵İɣǣ֮ǰǽԷĵһȴǿŮޣϣ̫˰ɣңָоôǡڿһˣ


1125 Ź
ĻƺҲ죬£ǾúܹŹ֣ϾŮӿһʼµӡǣɵһȴǿԼһĴӺŶǿ죬˵ĸоڿһ˰㡣
̫ˡ
ҡͷ
ˣԷĻûмôܻˡԷǸʱ뵽ֻһ㣬йء
ӦǶˣͦŹֵġ
һ룬ʼ޾ǰˣ죬ȴʱˣ߼κһ˿Ľ
ʼ磬ĵСĺܣֺܶ࣬˵Ǳ֮Ĵʼʼ濴ʲô
ֻôˡ
бһһû˵ʲô˶٣Ҳȥ񾵵£Ͼʲôζ죬ûʲôϵ

ˣ
⽻֯ǰȦɹ⻷ƣâ㣬ͬԾ
ȦڣûŶʶâŨɹӿһɿٶ֮ںϣʹŶľıǿΪһڽڵ
Ůվڶ棬Ŀºͣâ塣
תۣչȥ
һ죬ŶڳһɰӰ벽硣
Ҳʱʶбȶںһ
ʼ棬⡭
ŶԼһʼ棬оԼһ죬Ҳо񾵺ںһ𣬰ȵʶУڿʹãʱĻ񾵱¡񾵣ȻһʼԼٰ뱾ԴͷǶ죬Щ𺳡
ŮȻ֪ŶʲôҡͷʾŶҪ϶л
Ŷ񾵾ͽˡŶŮӵĿº֮ͣڻߡ
ڻҽߣŶ鲻ɵһ𣿡
ҵİС
Ůӵ
ŶһһĴʼʼ棬Ȼһĺ˵С֣ңȥΪ죬ȳԾ޾ǰˣΪʲôȥƺǺ죿ʵ̫Źˣ
ŮӿŶеɫ𾪣̫ࡣ
ŶſڣŶ
˶٣ʵߣǡҪһֱ񡭡Ʋʼ԰е˵ľȲۣһֱߣǿܻȥţϾŮӣ죬ӡ
ŮվбûرĹϵôһֱߣ
һֱţֻǣκҪʱ֮񾳣ȫ
Ůӵ
ûʼ棬ô˵ҲôŶͷȴǾɣԥ£̲סʵֻǣʼΪʲôᣬᡭ
ûжѣԣ˵ǳȴʦҪˣֻҪ쿪ڣȻᾡȫֻǣ벻׵ǣԼһʼ棬˵ŶԣΪʲôҪ԰е˵κҪ֮ȥ죿ָоͺ֮񾵡Ϊġʵǡֵ̫ˡ
ˣ
죬âʼӰŤһ£α鵭
Ŷ΢΢ݣʼ棬
ֻǵµһӡǣ֧Ų̫ãҪɢˡŮӿŶ񾵺úʹãţδᾡȫҵʱ䲻ˣŶȥɣȻ󡭡Ȧ⣬
Ŷ΢㶣ѹĹŹ֣Ů񣺡ʼ棬ĻŶǡԷ޾ǰµӡǣ֪ԺӦüλʼˡ
ˣܿȦ˳ȥȦ΢£ɴš
һʱ䣬ڣ˵Ŀⶼ䵽ϡ
ڳˣ
Ƶ
ŶЩԾЩһˣˡ
쿴ŶʱȻҲǲһ㣬ȴûж˵ʲô
Ŷôˣ
ӭȥ
ʼѾҵʶҴﵽ硣Ŷ˵£漴ƶĿ죬ԵЩŹ֣Ǹʼȥһ¡
ţ΢㶣ǰȦңȥ
ԱߣƺӼǶݣʼʱȦȻҪ̸ʵһ˲죬Ϊʲô
ʼֻǵµһӡԻʱ䲻ˣȥɡ
Ŷ졣
ЩŹ֣ʼ뵥̸ʹʵ£
˶٣ȻЩŹ֣ȴǵ˵ͷС̫ʱ棬漴ԳȦȥתۼǿ뵽ȦڣʧһС
ǲ졣
⡭ү־ùŹˣʼ棬ôСЩر𡣡˵ţŶСŮޣǸʼ棬ղŶ˵Щʲô
ǰλƯʼ˵ʲôƵֲ˾䣺Сӵġ
ӶɵŶʵǶʼ̬Ⱥܺ档
ûʲôȥһ¡
Ŷҡͷû϶˵ʲô

ʱȦڣٴμ˾еʼ档
ǰ
ڣ׼񡣱ϾǵԷ̸ܵЩ
Ҳʱܵâӿ壬ʹ޷
ʹ΢ɣǰǣ
Ůӣһʼ棬
ʼ޾ǰҲ֪жôƾõʷȥȴǶʮ߰ģûʵȴҲɽ֯޾⡣
죬ºͣȴǴһԿĹʡ
Խӵ鵭죬ֱȥʮ󣬲ǿڣ֮أҪĶ˵ţ쾪ȵУ΢΢Ƿ
ǰ㡭
춯ݡ
Ůӣһʼ棬޾ǰǿߣȻԼǷ
ˣ
âʱŮӵӰתۼø鵭һѺۡ
漴͵һ죬Ӱֱӱ飬һƵ⣬ֱɢ
⡭
վԭأһɫͬʱҲžɫ
һʼ棬̬̫Źˡ
ҲʱϹâ˸Ȧѿ飬˿˿Ƶĵâɢܡ
ƣӺŶ˾ڣȻȦڵĻ棬ҲȦڵȴһֱڿȦʱȦʧһ˵ĿȻȻеϡ
ʣһˣ죺Ǹʼµӡǣɢˣ
ɢȥˡ

˵⻰΢΢Щֲɵüʼ̬ʵ벻ͨ


1126 㣬
ʵЩһĴʼʼ棬޾ǰǿߣȻǷʲô̬̫ˣζ벻ס
ôСӣǸʼ涼˵Щʲôһ񣿡
죬ĵ
Ŷ죬ǹŹ֣Ҳɵʵʼ涼˵ʲôˣ
֮ǰʼᵽЩʵ⣬Щ㶺üǸ⡣
ӺҲɵʱ㶷ҲǷǳĺ档
ûʲô̸¡
ҡͷ
ܲ˵üԭһʼ澹ȻǷɣ
ûʲô
ɵĵ
ûС

ô˵ţȴʱʱһüͷ
һʲôϸǡ
Ʒۡ
бһۣûС˵ţȻкɻܹŹ֣ȴǰҡͷȥ룬תӺŶǰŶԳȥ˰ɣŶѾȡ񾵣ʱ뿪Ƭռˡ
šŶ˵ͷӣʦǳȥɡ
Ŷȥɣʦʱ뿪ˡ
ô˵
ʹŶһ㶣Ҳ΢в졣ӣʱ뿪Ҫ
Ϊʲôʦ
Ŷʵ
һЦһԭѾʦ֮ȡ񾵣Ϊ߶ȣһ棬ѾԶԶʦȻԶһ棬㣬ʦȫˣ֮õ£ӦҲܺܺõĽЦղʦˣƬܲҲܲʦʱС
УŶһ㶣ʦһ˴⡭
ˣЩʦһֱߣɳȸ߶ȣǸԼȥˣôˡӱȺͣ죬΢΢ǷСֵܣʦͽǷѾ֮ܶ࣬Ŷѣǵշ£ϾȻʲôҪʲôܰæĵطÿᣬŶȻᾡȫԸ
ǰˣҲ˵ҺŶѣѣӦ

ڣŶӸӸƼ򵥴˸к֮߳
ˣ
ŶӡڰǰһŻͨŻԿɽȡ
ʦŶᶨڻ
Ŷӻ֣漴һŻڣתʧ
״ĿռŻҲʧ
ЦһĴˣԼĵ˵ĶʦиѵŵӴȡ񾵣Ŷõ񾵣Ϊǿ涼Ϊɫ뵽ЩͻȻǰδеɡ

ɽڣһ״Ż΢㡣
漴ವļŶ̴Żп
ֳˡ
˸
ƽ״Żʧɽ⣺߰ɣȥ
š

Ŷ״Żʧĵطۣ͸͸ڵԼʦ㣬漴ת˳ȥ
£һ뿪ܿ߳˼ԶѾҪٽɽȵĳڴ
첽Ӻƽƫͷ֮أ֪ʲôط𣿡
֮ǰڰʱʼ̬ɻܹŹ֣ʹζ벻ͨԴˣҲȥ룬Ϊʾ֭ȥ룬Ҳ벻סʱ뵽˶ԷᵽǼ¡֮أҪĶ
֪ԷеĶʲôǣȻһʼ濪ڣţǸӦǶҪ֮أԣȻֻã֪ʮӦû֪
֮أȻ֪ھĶλãռطΧ㣬Զŵżŵȣȴûκһңʱʱͻһ׼ۼǿ߶籩ֱƬ򼸸ΪĽ֮һΣյúܣϣûмԸ̤С

ͷȻ֪
ȥ֮ء
˵
ɶۣͻȻǷʲô񾭣ôϲܺ治ɣ
бһۣȥҶ
ʲô
ʱ֪
ʵʵ˵

ʮȴöԴ˶˵ʲôΪ̫˽ˣһʲô£ͷţȻΪҪǣС̫ߣȥ֮ΣյĽҲûʲôˣ˵еõЩʲô˲õԵϾֵ˵䡣
ʱƫͷһԵŶŶ֮ʲô㣿
Ŷ죺ŶˣԵúÿʦһŶˡ˵ţգգ۾Ǹʱ㣬𣿡


1127 
ŶĻ΢㶣ң
ŶϾǸŮӣʱ˵Ȼ΢Щ졣
šŶ죺𣿡֮ǰʱʼᵽԺߣ֮Ķʦ־УʣһˣʱϣÿʼԵǰ졣
ӴСӣСһƯ壬ȻҪ㡣
ĵ
Ҿ㣡
һĽ
бһһˣŶֻҪ㲻⣬Ȼû⣬Ҳܻӭʵ˵ĵͦģңܻΣա
ΪҺʦǰѴ󶼸ˣôΪĵ˶¸㣿ң㲻˵𣬼ȻѣǣĵˣҵĵˣӦһԡŶգգۣô˵أҵսԶԶȲ㣬ӦҲϺȣ˵ǿ԰ﵽġ
˵ţһϸָָָĲӣ棬Ӻ档
΢㶣ܺ棬ǲɵƶĿ⿴첱Ӻ档
漴һһ˶ǶݡʱǿĲӺ治֪ʲôʱһСӡǣϵҪСһȦ
ʲô
ۡ
һɨȻҲǷͻȻĹƣҲǶʱɫ΢
رϢ׷ңԶգϢϿӡǣѲӡǣߵģᱻ֡
Ŷ˵
ʹıһӡǳϣ֪ŶѣһֱֲˣȻ˸ңԶ£رӡǣȻԴ֪١ǲ⣡
ڱϿӡǽ׷٣˵үǵħںƵرƺǽħٷֻҪ֪ĳ˵Ϣò֮ݻħٷڣɶ˽ֹ׷һʼϾʱĶ⣬ⶫòֻԵۻʼµá
ԣ˫۶ʱ΢΢ħڡ
˵ţڽɫâεĵöӡӿȥҪ֮顣һ̣ٴζݣΪȻ޷ӡ
ħڣĹʥ̣ལһ羳ĵۻʳ֣ħٷµöӡǣۻ֮£ûĨߵСһﶯ֡ŶüĽ֯һ⣬Ȼڽʲô㣺һЩҪ׷ˡȻЩģǣеۻǿߣ
⻰˶ǶݣæڣͷС̫СһĨۻǿ߿Ƿǳ£һۻһôһɿµɱϯ˻ģѹϣС̫ҲһܵסϾСһȻǳʵܾˣվǲŸոճûá
ѽ
С̫һƬɫ⣬ֱӽ첱ӺǿСӡ֣͵һ顣

δ֪ڣɽΡ룬ĵӰһʹĻһħâ֯һ⻷ƣһӿһӿеϡ
ĵӰٶȺܿ죬һһ̣ȴǺ䶼פ㡣
Ϣʧˣ
һ˳
ϣ
˶Ŀ䡣
ĵӰֱħڣĹʥ̣ལһۻ棬Ĵ󶥼һһɱļ˶ŭΪеۻʼС̫ڣԣ⼸ĵֻܾһĵۻ棬Ĵɶеۻǿ߳
Ȼ߳ȻǼ򵥵Ҫű𣬶֪Ŵףɱ̫ľ콣Щ׿ʹħڵħɱһĻĹش̫ľʥһأ콣ԲལҲ÷ǷڱأȻǶ⼸ĵۻǿҲŴջ
Ĵĸۻ߳һʱ۵һֽħڵħٷϿӡǣҪһ죬ȡԵĶȴ룬ӡǲŸոտӡ£׼׷ȥµӡǣֱʧˡ
ӦãߵͷС޴ڵۻʼΣǿĨöӡǣǣĨ֮ǰҪȲĴڣۣ˺ħٷµӡǣǿϣͷۻʼСޣӦûܷŶԣԼһһӲֵܷˣ⣡
ħڵĵۻʵͳаħâ֯

ھɽΡ룬εһѾԶԶ뿪ɽȵķΧ
ŶοǶлˣǲȻֿܻ᲻ô
Ŷ
û뵽ħڵĸȻѾеۻʼ߳ҪԸħٷرϢϿӡǣԴ׷ɱʵǼΣյ¡˵Ŷ²Ҽѣǹת۾ͻĸۻʵĺΧɱлŵۻĴڣҪˣС̫ڣƽҲֹܲۡ
˵𣬽ŶˣŶÿġ
Ŷ
˵ţ۾գ£Ϣ飬ִһഺԵú
첻ɵһЦһʱûĹ
ŶҲЦ£ǣҿԸ㿴һǺõİɣ
кգû뵽Ŷ˵һǺõİɡƤĻ
ֻҪ㲻С
Ц
ŶͷţǾ͵Ӧˡ
ϴЦɫǣſʣǳĶˡ
ԱߣʱŶɵÿڣСŮޣ֮ǰӦСӱħӡǣֽ˷㣬п漰ۻʣһеۻˣôоȥûܵһӰ죿ǵ֮ÿһ㣬Ҫһ𣬾壬ܴӻҲӦûе΢ɣڣоȥƺһ˿Ѫûкķѡ
үղҲ⡣
ʱҲڡ
쿴ŶȷʵûиоŶĸۻǿߺ˿ģ˶ٵӦǺйء
ŶͷΪΪ壬ͬʱۻʣҲø΢СĴۣʼµ񾵻壬ȴûӰ졣˵ţֵ֮ǰӦ첱ӺǿӡǣҲΪʶеʾҲڵһʱ֪Ĵĵۻʣʱպǿӡǡ
ͷԭˣΪ񾵵Ĺϵ񾵣治
ţΪıǡ
Ŷڣ漴̲ʧˣæֹסĻû˵ȥ
ţʣʵʲô
ҲȥŶᵽ񾵵ıʣȴû˵꣬Ǻ档
ŶҡͷЦûʲôûʲô񾵵ıʣ治⽲
Աߣ쿴Ŷ뵽ŶӦҲǷʼٰ뱾ԴͷǶɣ򣬱鲻ˡһ룬ŶʼͬΪ壬ں񾵺֪񾵵ıʣˡ
ɿ׼׷ʵƣˣҪȥ֮ء


1128 Ⱥ
һʼԼٰ뱾ԴͷǶ죬±ûʲôɽΪʼŮӣûǲȽϺá
߰ɣҸдĴֱǰȥ
˵
ͷɨܵĴòţͱһΪƬڶεĴͨĴǵٶȣնУʱɵȻŵĴǰ򡣡
Ǿ߰ɡ

ţ
Ƶ
ڿգǰ·Ҫǰš
ǸȵȡŶʱͻȻڣʵղҾһˡ˵ţָͷС̫ɰСһǴڵۻʾɣĻֱ˺ռ䣬Ǻɵɣ
죬ƣ
һ죬һʱ䶼Щˡ԰С̫Ĩɱ׼ۣǵۻʼ˺ѿռĴĴͣȫΪʲôҪ˵Ĵ֮ǰʱΪʲôҪܵȥ贫̨
ȫһˡ
ЩЦ

Ҳˡ
ƽԷ塣
ҲǸող뵽ŶϴһΪ׷ɱԴˡ
һʱ䣬һһεģ漴ֶС̫
ѽ
ӭһ˵Сһըգۡ
ɿȣȡ֮صľ꣬С̫Сһ˺¿ռŻǵطȥ֮صľС̫
СһĽ˫һɫ⽻֯ʱ˺һմѷ졣ѷԼ͸ѷ棬ԼһƬɫĴأޱߣԿͷʱʱкɫл
Ǿ֮أ
ɫ΢ݡʱֻ͸մѷ棬ܸоһɼϢɵаҪ֪Ϊ벽ۻʾ֮¼Ѿ޵еĴˣɾˣƬƴʱȴɸо˺⡣
ͷ׼涼˲٣ʵһ򡣡
ȷʵЩˡ
ŶŶ
쿴Ŷ棬ƽûʲôˣһƬѡ
˵ţȿ粽մѷ졣
漴Ŷ˽ҲѷС֮󣬽ֻɲǼѣһܱߵĳ仯ֱӴ絽˶֮⡣

ǰڷһƾһƬƬɳ
֮ء

һ̣֮⣬֮ǰǹɱбøˣʹоԼ·һƬԨ֮°㣬ǿս岻ɵ΢΢һ¡
˶٣߰ɡ
˵ţֱǰ֮ء
һʼƬ֮ҪĶŶԷƭţǸһǳҪ
ŶҲ뵽С
ȻɣǸȥ
תۣһ֮أֻоˣң֮ڵڷҲǲɵñþε˵졣
ģһƬаأ˷㤣
ӡ
бһۣôҲˣϢвУ
үʲôо˵ʲôоʵڣ
Ʒۡ
á
ڵ˾䣬ǰȥ
֮ڵĿռԵЩƮŵĺһԽԽߣеĺԽԽأоҪһ㡣
Сӣ֮ǰʹ㣬ʲôǲ֪ɣ
ʵ
֪ʵʵ˵ŵûϵ巶ΧѾƬ֮ڣ㹻ˣҿʱӦûرĸӦ

Ƭ֮Уǰһ۱ǰʱȥʱʱ䣬һ߳˺ԶҰнֳһưܵĽвٿݻƵĺǺͱɢҵڵϣЩݽ˻ɳУԵúܻ
ϵЩǺͱһưܵȥƺѾзǳƾõʷǳʮꡣ
Ƶ
ȻھļƬÿһڵ£뵱һԣ˵жãǿԿ϶ǣʮǾٲ˵ġЩưܵĵһʼƬ֮ڣȻҲǳʮꡣ
ɨǰһưܵ͵ϵĺǲбǲ⣬ſӦܣͬʱŸȥ
һ̣ͣ˽Ų
ôˣ
Ŷʵ
Ҳ˹ЩΪʲôͻȻͣ
£
Ҳʱһ촫ǹͷŤ
ԶһߺǶվܣĺǶˣվתۼһƬеȱ֣еĶȣеûͷǣȴɢһɭȻ⣬ͬһƬĿݹǾţһΧм䡣
⣿
ۣЩԭɢڵصĺǣȻһȫӵվ
һһ߱鲼Ѻ۵ĻɫԻɳмһ⼣߲Ķϵͷ°͵죬ֱ죬˲ʮɵľ롣
ģһöѣȻƶô죡

쿴Եúƽ΢ʱ콣âԻһɱնȥתۼڶԷùǼϡ

һɫ콣âնڼӲϰ㣬һƵǻ֮⣬û˵ɱúǷֺ
⣿
˶һǿǺΪ죬սǿ벽ۻûмǶ֣Ľ⣬ȻһͷȥǷһҪøסˣȻûб
ȻԼҲݣղǵ콣ȻȴǲСһϣҲԻ˲ķѣȴûܻٵǰ߱ͱ鲼Ѻ۵ĻɫãûڶԷĹһĨӡǡ
ಣ
ƿյ𣬻ɫóŶϵת۳嵽ǰһնȥ
һʱ䣬ſһ죬ǰնˣ䵶ǿľˡ
ܿһ漴ݺѹڶԷͷ­ϡ
һɲᣬһǽɫñڵء
̧ȣһŲ¡
Ϊղŵ콣âһ˿ۼûڶԷ£ԣһţֱ˾ųɵһǽɫòȵķѡ
һ̣ǶݣѵĻɫֱűŤѵĹ徹Ȼתһ¾۳һֵն
⡭ؾۣ
Ƶۡ
üȭӭؾ۳Ļɫá
һһ˿ȭɫûķ飬ǻƮϵ䣬͵һԶĻɳȻһ˲䣬ٴζݣĹǻҾеתأǰٴ۳ɫã֮ǰ
һΣһⶼ
һɫԻɳаϵǼܸ°͵죬ವ졣
ңͬһʱ䣬ܵҲˣǾ㳯һѹȥ


1129 Ĺ
Ǿ٣һƬգۼǳ嵽һ˽ǰһɱ˵Ϣǵɱ˹ƶĻɳ
ֲָһһת̼份Ľɫ罣굴ܡ
εĽâǳǿᣬգֶϵǻɫã漴ܳһ߾ߺҲѣǰһƬǾȫķѡ
£
£
£
ͷŤһܣĹǾʼؾۣܿԶ
⡭ȫɱ
ƾȡ
үһԡ
ֱӳſһٹǾ
ֻǣһ̣ĹǾٴؾۣܿٴվ𣬳һɱ
ɱ
ۣǿֶΡ
Ǿܼǽ֯űϢǴӵгΧ˸ˮйͨͬʱһ˷ǹķʽǳ򵥣ͨ߰ӶֹȣɱȴǷǳ£ÿһιʹ˶졣
춯֣һƬâ쫷磬嵽ǽǰһȺǾȫɿȥһ̱顣ȴûʲôʵЧһ̣ЩĹǾٴؾ۶Զɱٴɱʹɵüͷ
ֵӰǣЩǾǲࡣŶڣ⽻֯⣬÷ӡĨǡ
΢һӡ嵽ǰһƬǾ֡
£ƬǾʲôȫ£ԭӲĹͬ㣬ڵϺֱӱһʱûܹؾ۳
Ч
ƶǶݡ
Ҳɫܿƽ˫ֽӡԸǿӡһž޴ͼطĹǾȫ¡
һʱ䣬°͸°͵һȺǾתۼȫ˹
ʱطð

ŶЦ
ţɱζûãŶȴת۾ץסЩǾ㡣
Ǿͨ壡

ŶЦǫʲ
䣡
غŶĻһƬƬϯʮ
ȥһ·ϣ˵Ļ籩֮ܵĴʯɳȫУ˲䱻ˣһɼΪ˵Ϣϡ
籩׼۱жˣ
ɫ
ߣ
Ȼɫ籩һļµĸо˵ѹ֡
£һ˹ŲٶȶǷǳ죬գ۱ǧɡ
󷽣ɷ籩ƶĺܻʵȴǳ죬ҼдһɴݿеûֱӱҡȻɫ籩ֻգۼӿһǴӵгǶ¡
֣Ƭ콣âնһɽɫ󷽣籩
ֻǣɫ籩̫£콣âֱӱѹ飬û˿á
¡¡
պɫ籩ϯתۼ佫һ˸С
ʱһ˶Ǹоһ𣬻ɫƺ޿ײ룬ֱûڣʹǶǸоһ׶ĵʹѪƺڱʴ
Уס
ҧ
һߣã޷ֵסȻɫ籩
Сһ
գֻÿڣС̫֡
С̫ĽɫһֱӳһɫĻ֣ͬʱҲŶҲһУֱӸ˻ɫ
һʱ䣬һ˶˿
ǿ¡
ŶɵõȻɵ籩ϯ֮ȫ𲻵ʲôãʵ籩̫ڿֲˣۻ֮£˭Ҳˡ
쿴ҲǰľеᵽƬ֮صĿ£籩룬С̫ڣǹƶѡ

ڷϯһƬʱһ籩ţܵķ򽥽Щˣʶȫѹơ
¿鷳ˣ籩һ֣ٵó֮ãУʶѹƣҰԿ壬ƶֻܴԭˡ
εĵ
õģҲôԭأ߾ˡ

С̫ſͷϣɫ⽫һ˻Уһۣһʱ䣬ƹ⸡֣˫ͫͫ۳ƻ
ʱԭЩģҰ̱ܵһж
һˣ㻹˫ۣԿ
߰ɡ

С̫ɫ⻤ǣǰ·ۿȥ
Ƭ֮ڣǳɫɳһȥת۱ա
¡¡
һ죬֮شɳϯ鲼죬ȻС̫ɫ⻤סһˣǣһʱǲɵһɱѹָС
籩øӿˡ
Ŷ˵

ͷ
ۺ󣬲ԿܶණҲǿ࣬ʱоɫ籩øֲˣǰࡣ
Сһѹ𣿡
С̫
ѽ
СһĽſͷϣȻһѹҲûС
һЦԼϹˣϾô˵СһҲܱȵһۻǿߣ籩Ȼ£ҪСһѹƻȫûпܵ¡ԹԵҡҡͷ漴֮صȥ
أ
֮ڣڷ죬ɫԽԽŨռ䱻һĸʴ
С̫ɫ⻤壬ûʲôвռȥ
ˣһۣչȥ
һ죬ǰһԼңԵúƾɣɫϿӿݣƺһ
ʱһ˶Ƕݡ
⡭
籩ϯκζմȾ϶Ǳֱʱǰʡͺƾ˵ĹȴǱȻûܵһ˿һ𻵡
ȥ
оâ֯
ܹ籩б˿˵ܲһ㡣
ߣ˵ʲô񱦣
˫۷Ź⡣
£һС̫ɫıӻ£ܿ춼ǽ뵽˹֮ڡ
ʼһȥУһ˺Ǹоһɣ֮ǰʱѹֱָʧӰ١
Сһʱ⡣
С̫
ʱУ֮ǰѹָʧˣûһ˿һֻɫûСһɫ⻤壬ҲҪʲô
СһӦɫ
ֱʱһ˷ʼڵĿռ䲢󣬴ԼҲͰƽȴԵúܿտžŹֵͷͷҲȫȻ죬ȴһַǳʵĸо
Щ񣬿ȥôоǺʱͼڣ
ֹ


1130 ͼԸ
Ļжݡ
ڡͼڡ֣ȻİΪϵʱΪֶʱصǿ飬ǽΪЩǿĤݣ֮Ϊͼڣ
ȷͼ񣿡
в졣
ʵϣӹŶôƾõ£ͼѾû˹ˣڣѾûЩϵͼڣʱǰô񣬱Ǻʱͼ񣬶Щȡ
ŶȻҲ֪ͼȴڣǺܺ棬볯ȥ
ӦûģүһҰʷϼеļأԻЩӡ󡣡ܣŵңⲢûرĵطȴܹǿµ籩˵Ǻйأǵȹﱻ˹ͼ񡣡
ɻ󣬵ǣҲ˵ˣֻѣ˵ʯͷˣͼڱӦֵܵס籩Ϯɣ
⡭
һʱ䵹ǲ֪˵ʲôˣòƣ˵Ĳûʲô
ôһ˵쿴ž񣬿ڵĳֶʱܵǵĤʱڲὥһرԸһֲͬħԪȵЧǿˮɫǳʱжҵһЩģԸ֣Ƿеһַ
Ը
Ŷƶ¶ɫǻǵһԸ֡
񣺡˵ͼڣԸԸסס׼۶籩
²ѡ

ˣ
ͻȻʶУײ߲΢һ߲ʹâʶڣͬˮһ㵴䷽򣬾Ȼֱָǰľͼ
ʹһʶе߲񽣾ȻʱӦָǾͼЩ⡣ͬʱһĻҲжپΪһӦָĳôָĶ;ԷͬѰѾ֪һ㡣
ôˣ
Ŷʵ顣
ȻҲǷˣƫͷԵЩ档
ҡͷʱûж˵ʲôǾ񣬻ߵǰ
ı涼ѾǼ˻ҳڣЩطһƵ֩ߣǽǰʶУ񽣵߲ʹâøŨ
ʹһǰ񣬾Էͬһ㣡
žһϣȽϵĻҳȻϸϵһ˲䣬еĽ˲漴һһȦɫĹâֱӴӿ˳
ʱ¶ݣŶҲǱɫ
ˣ
ɫâִͼӿһʥϢ漴һ̣ͼ֮һƵĹâڲӿ˳
ЩâǳŴɫ󣬶ǼдʥϢʼһ֣ͬܵǣ㣬ȫӿȥתۼǽС
⣬ѵС˵֡ԸƵֱۣ桭
ԱߣŶҲǳԾ
ˣ
׹âӿԾӿҪ
챻Уֻоë˲չ˿Ϊ֮Ҳһڣ岻ĿʼЩɫâ漴ľʼɿıǿʢΪҲһ˵ٶȿʼ
ž񣬿һƵĴɫâӿвɵô󾪡
ӷпԸ֣ղȻ˳ƾڿǾۼȴֻһֲ²⣬ϾȻмšԸ֣չЩ翡ڣȴ׹âԾӿˣǿֱһ˲ƺԸ
񶶶İɫâӿޱȵĴ⣬Ҫȫ˿ʣͬؿ֮ʥԴʥϢŨ
ȹâУĸ죬ΪѸٵ
ͻȻӦΪԸ
жݡ
ܵȰɫâ𾪣ֱȥ˸Щ漴һԼƽȻŶˡ
Ҳ
˵
ô˵ţڳһ͵Ľɫ⣬ֱӽŶԡ
ʱ䣬ŶƽԱȰɫâ֣ǲɵһ
ô⡭
̲ס뵽ȰɫâķΧڣоÿһë׶˲˿อȶʼٵıǿ
ͬһʱ䣬ŶȻͬĸоеľɫøŨ
У

Ȱɫâ̵̫Ũˣ⵽˼㣬Ҫ
˵ţֶС̫Сһǻ
СһǴڵۻ򣬶ңǳ˵ۻ죬ȸ߶ϣЩɫâСһԣӦûʲôãϾࡣ
ѽ
С̫ԣĽͷ뿪ɵһԣĴš
С̫ҪκεġŶ˵ͷֱۣԭ£̫ľתʹЩɫâӿٵĳӿ룬
ȹâޱȴ⣬ڽкĹҪ࣬ת۾ܱѪ⾭ɡ
һʱ䣬Ľɫ⽥ŨΪӿٵ
ͬʱ⼸ŶϢҲԼٶϳ塣
С̫ƮһԣĿżˣ漴ĿϣˮĴ۾ʱʱգ¡
ˣ
⣬ɫԽǿʢɿԾӿİɫâ
ˣһۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬ɢϢʼ΢ǿսʯ
Կ磬ʱʼ壬ȥ
£ܸоԼ񣬵ıޱȰ
ˣģϵϢԽԽĲֿʼʯ˫ȵţŵ˫֣ٵȻͷ­գ嶼˻ҰʯʡʱϢȫʧͬ˰㡣
ֻǣʯʵüĴȴܿһ貵ĹͬǲʥԴ㣬ȵĻ
ܿ죬ʯһ¹ȥ

һ죬һ촫ʯ忪ʼѺۣתȫ鿪һµУӨɵİ㣬ת΢⡣
죡
˫ۣâһš


1131 а
ڵȥһ̣оԼøǿˣѪ⣬ʶȣһʵķԾ
ˣ
ڣɫâӿԾͼӿֻٶȱЩ
Ȼʱ򣬾ھڵȴѾûʣ¶ˡ
ƶĿŶˣʱ򣬼˶ѾǴڴﵽڶ죬Ѿ˵һ壬ڳڳȥ
һߵС̫СһѽĽʹɵһЦ
Ϊͼڵİɫâԣûսһٴȴת̫ľ
ˣ
ʱнɫ⽻֯Ϊٴϳ塣
ˣĴɫâɫ⻷Ƽ䣬ԵЩׯϣһ
ʱܿţתۼ䣬¹ȥ
һ죬Ϣޱǿʢ漴ֿ˥䵽͹ȣ̵ֿʼʯһκ󣬿ʼĴ
һεеʱȽϾãһ꣬ʯʵ巽ǳһ˿Ѻۣ漴Ѻͬ֩һ㳯ӣʯʼ顣
ܿ죬ʮȥʯȫ飬¶塣
Ҳʱ˫ۣһ쫷Ϊĳķ
죡

ȭͷо˸ӿȵڷһ̸Ӽ̣ǿʢʶս˷츲صı仯
ˣ
һ
壬ʱЩãүΪҪˡ
Ƶ
أڵϢǿ󣡡
Ŷ죬ʱҲдһ˿˿ʡ
ڣʮְһڰǰǾѾͣǴﵽ죬Ϊ˾޴ʱǱʱʯ壬ֱʱʯ飬¶ǡ
쿴һˣȻһЦӵվ
⶯ڵĿռ䶼Ťһ£һɹɵķ֮
ʹ˶ݣƾһ㣬˵жǿᡣ
һԣС̫ʱĽĴųͷϡ
ЦܣԾͼİɫâѾûˣ籩ҲѾʧռԵúܰǣɵ
û뵽ͼڣȻ̺ô˵Ҳ֪ǿ˶ٱο׬ˣ
ɾӿǵȰɫâŶԴڿأؿأջ񿰳졣
СӣᵽǵԸ
ƫͷ졣İɫâԾͼӿʹһ˶ΪֱڻЩԾ
쿴ž񣬵ӦþԸˡھͼӿʵҲ𾪣ǣӷҾһЩأֱţȴ⵽İɫâΪǶЩͼڵĤݶĴԸ⼸ͼ֮ڡ
žʱǱɳѾʧˣȴһѺۣͬ֩һ鲼ı棬ʱ֪ӦǾڵԸһɵ˵Եʡ
žΪһ˾ڵİԸʹǳѺۣ걣ͼڵ񣬶ֵдһ
˵СӣҪҵģԸ
ʵ
ҡͷǡ
ʼνҪĶֶ֪ʲô֪ǶһҪԸȻҪпޡ
ˣ籩Ѿʧ߰ɡ
кһŹȥ
ŶȻԥߡ

ʱһԵúͻأ
һ˶ǶݣֻŹĵһ޴ѷ죬ңⲢҪģҪǣһɼΪϢѷ֮ɢ˳·صһͷ޽Ҫѡ
£ѵʲô
һ˱ɫ
¡
𶯣Ѻ۳֣ɿĳӣ濦ķѡ
漴ӱϢͬǵĴű˰㣬Ϣˡ
˳ȥ
˵
£һɲ
뿪һ˲䣬Ȼ̮Ļɳ
󣬺¡һ죬飬ѷɢ¶һ޴ĺڶһɹɾ˵Ϣ·ɢ



ײԺڶ´𣬺ܿ죬ʮӰӺڶ¿ԸźɫļУͨһͬԵ
ǣ
쵱ɫҲ¶ݡ
ȼб̫Ϥˣڵʱ֣ɵУʱڼڵ칬Уһģһļб
⡭
һһû뵽طȻ칬еǵȼбʿ
ңЩбʿԱ칬ЩҪǿϲ١
ʶȶ
ԱߣƼı飬Щʵ
ͬʱŶҲƫͷ˹

ͷ򵥽뼫ڵ칬Ϊ˽һ¡
һʱ䣬ƺŶһ
ǿǴ˵µ֮һӹҲ֪ɽȥ˶ǿߣ˵ۻʶ٣ǡȻŴ˳
Ƶۡ
öѡ

⵹ǫ飬ʵǸʱ칬Уȶ˳˵ǾԵ֣ʯͻȻƿն룬칬һͨ磬һˣԶС
ﬣ
ʮӰͨ帲żУ⼣߲սìʼһǷˣͬɱ¾Ŀܰ㣬ֱӻսìһɱ
ʱһطĿռֱӱʮбսì飬ɱˡ
ǿߣ
һ
ǿʮбǿ󣬲ȴ⣬ϾҲǴҸոմﵽ졣
̧𣬳ǰӳһȭ
ˣ
պͬһƬռըȭˡ
һʱ䣬ģʮбļȫ飬涼ɫ԰ӣһ˫ľֽɢźصϢ
漴͵ģű¶ڿУڵЩ̻ɻҡ
Ȼ칬еЩбһﶼӣһ飬Ƕ˲仯ҽ⼫Ũ־ɣǱǿԹеͼѹ֮£ǣΪʲô»ѹȼбѵ˵칬еЩбʿ߳칬ɱǧ飿⡭ʷûмع°
֪Ϊϵÿγֶǿߴʿеʿӳǣȴκιżżа߳ɱ顣ȻǰȳȴЩбӼڵ칬߳ңȻ󱻵ǿ˴˵أʵԾ
ԴҲЩɻ󣬲ȴδȥ룬Ͼûʲôϵ
䣡
ǰڶ֮£ŨϢ𣬸ļбһƬ
ˣȻô࣡ƳԾ漴üѾ˺ܾãʮʷҲ˵Щбٱѹʮ꣬ôܵڻţ۷ĵۻʣҲѴôðɣ
ֻ۾Ǵŵģ

һ㶣漴ʱЩΣȡͶ
бһۣ΢ĽɫâʱֶΪÿһ·أವĳǰն¡
һʱ䣬͵ģһбըתۼ䶼ǻ˺ɫĻҳ
𣡡
ͻȻһԹµĺڶдϢֲ˼㣬Ĳ񷶼Ϊ֮ζƺһ̾Ҫ̮


1132 ھŽ
񱩵Թµĺڶһʱ䣬Ƭռ䶼ҡɫϢͬǵɽһ㱬ɸߣ񷶼Ⱦ˺ɫ
¡һһʿڵļУȻͷҲ⣬һͷۼɭɭ޼ϣֳһͭꪣϯ
ﬣ
ͭһƬնˣꪼ⼣ȴһ־㤸С
ͬʱµϢйϯʮ
ղŵ𣬾ͷ޴Աȵǿˣɫ΢ݣǼʿԲһİ벽ۻ
ࡣ

鲻䣬ǰһյĽ˼֣漴һȭǰ
ʱ䣬Ƭմ𶯣ͬһʥı죬ʮ˲̮
໣

ӰͷӰһ֣Ƶһʿһʿµͷޡ
һʱ䣬ź¡һ죬쫷쭣ʿµֱӱķѣĺѪ
ͬʱһʿĺݺҡΣ֣ͭꪲŵŵĺˡ
ƽٴοһ漴˲ǳڼʿͷϿա
ˣ
ٴλȭʮռһڼʿͷ­ϣͷ­ķ飬ʹͷ׹ǿںڶСңһȭ֮£ټбʿ꣬һȭİԵȭһը
תۼ䣬Ӻڶ³ļʿЩͨбֱӱٵһɶ
ôǿ
Ƶۡ
̬

һԵŶҲС죬ϵľȱ飬ԵЩˡ
ͨ벽ۻʵļʿǿߵޣٵǿбʿȻڽȭͱĨɱһɶǺεȿֲս
ҪĽడ
ۡ
һЦϾﵽ죬壬սǿ˲٣ңҸղѾǶȫˡ
ɾͼڵԸﵽ죬壬սǱʱǿ̫̫֮࣬Ѿȫ벽ۻʣټ֮ԻȭȫȻǿƥȭĨʿ޺ͨбѡ
ңЩʿͼб㣬һһΣǻˣԣǱǸס
䣬رǿںڶϢûбȳ
ղŵЩӦþطȫˡ
˵
ͷǺĵĶڣǲ˾ɣϵ칬еЩбȣ߳ҹ£⡭궼Щǿڳ֣Щͼ𣿾ȻܽѰƽǡ
򵥡

ƽȴǺܾȣһ˽칬ļб޵ȣڰϣɢϢֲϢ죬Ҫ߳ܵ߸磡
طȼбӡ˵칬еЩб߳һ߳Ȼֻǲ߳ض㳲һɿԵ߸ȻƽϢûʹʮͿ̿ʵ󵱳ֵ˵жô¡
˶٣ҡҡͷˣǲûʲôϵ̫ڡ
ˣ
ͻȻʶУ΢΢һʶײһ߲⵴ֱָƬ֮صλá
ǣ
һݡ
һ̣߲̫ϤˡǸӦ˽Ƭ
ʹ¶տտâʼνҪĶȶָƬ˰ɣ
СӣͻȻôˣ
ʵ
ԱߣŶҲ죬ǲһ̵ı
ӦҪҵĶˡ
쿴
ӦˣƶݣһǧƬ֮أĿģɾΪҪѰĳҪĶǸϽģɱŹȥ
ͷߡ
ʶе߲Ӧʹ֪˽ƬĴλãʱǰ·ֱӳ֮ȥ
һʱ䣬һ˵Ϊ˲٣ٶȻͿ࣬һ۱Զתۿܳһξ롣
¡
ʱ͵𶯣һɫ£ʮռ䵱̮ҲǸű飬ͬٽ˰㡣
Ȳ籩Ҳˡ
һݡ
Ƶͷܿ£ͨİ벽ۻʰϣҲõѪù
ȻҲоȺɫǿᣬͬʱҲӦطŨܵ۶ɢƺһл￿ͻ¡
ЩԲµĺɫ磬ѹȴвС
£˵һһͼ漴ӿϣֻͼһգۼ۳ɴֻͼ֯ʥϢ
ߡ
Դֻͼһֱ֣ǰС
¡¡ģɫڴֻͼϣʹôֻͼҵĲúܼѺۡΪĴֻͼ㹻ǿջǿ磬ʹһ˰ȻͨƬ

ŶղŵǵȺɫ磬вͨİ벽ۻʣȴһͼһ˰ȻĴжʵЩԾ
аɡ
һЦ
ӦŽƬķкһ˸󣬼֮ȥ
ˣһۣչȥ
ʱȥ;мգǰȻ˹
Сӣû
ʵ
ûУطѾûжԶˡ
ʼǰȥ
УٶȺܿ죬ȴҲǺܽʶʼսϣγһž޴ηֻҪκһ˿쳣ڵһʱо
ˣգۼ䣬ʱȥ
һ죬ǰеɹ⸡֣ʮһ˵ҰУȻҸߣȴǽԽ֯ŵ㾧ӨŨĵâϡ
һ˶Ƕݡ
Ԫݣ껨ꡭۣ˲õҩ
ߣ
˫۷Ź⡣
һǰԶ֣ȡ˼ҩ֮ܣǧꣻ׳Դһɱ䣻ǿ꣬ǿһ
˵һһھأȻ׼ǿ߼ҲҪΪ֮ۺ졣
벻ƬųûаڣȻôϡҩ
ĵ
Щ죬ȴôԾתۼƽ
Ҳһ̣ʶе񽣺ٴ𶯣һ߲ʹâʶңңָ֮ظ漴ͬһʱ䣬ط֮⣬һƬ߲ͬâ֯𣬹ʣͬ濪֮ʥ⡣


1133 ȱ
߲ʹâͬʥ⣬ԶƬյһƬд˿˿ʣһַǴ˵е˰㣬ɻպա
ҵˣ
еһĨâ
ߣ
룬ֱкŶˣŲһαԶǰȥ
Ŷһ˸ٶҲǺܿ졣
ˣɵľգۼΪףһ˳һСɽ֮ڼʯķ϶䣬һȭͷС߲ʹԴƯţӨ͸
춢߲ʹԴеľâʱøŨ
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣƺŶǶݡ
СӣҪҵ߲ʹԴ⾿ʲôжٰ
龪Ȳ죬ΪѾֹһѰ߲ɫԴˡ
һⶫ⡭ֻһ飿һֱѰҺһĶ
Ƶ֮ۡǰڵڰʱڤֹôһ߲ʹԴǿǰᣬȥ˴˵еڤħǹԴУȴ룬ʱּһ顣죬һֱѰȶ
ԱߣŶҲǶݣֱֱĶ߲ʹԴǾâ⡭ǿܵĴȫѹˣãǡ壬ڴĸ֪ʱ򣬷߲ʹԴܵĴȫڲǱ߲ʹԴɢϢѹˣڳھ㤿־һ㡣
ͷϵС̫Ҳ˫ۣһգһգĶ߲ʹԴǿʲôȤĶ㣬ģԵЩɰ
ˣ
ǰȭͷС߲ʹԴһиŨ
һʱ䣬Ƭռø߲ʹâܣһʯһȫȾ߲ɫ
춢߲ʹԴǰδеļԤ߲ʹԴʶǱ񽣵ĽƬƬ˾ſ飬ӵһڣһѾѰ˰˿ȽƬ߲УǰһˣֻҪں齣Ƭʹ񽣱ͿƿʶеǱ߲ˣֻҪƿǱ񽣣ۻʶɱ
һС̫ʱ뿪Ϊ漴Լǰһ
ˣ
ǰȭͷС߲ʹԴԾһǰ
ͬһʱ䣬ʶУʶײǱ߲𶯵ĸ
һдžâ̽ǿ齣ɢ
ʱƮǰ߲ʹԴһֱӴӽƴû룬ѪϣգۼǳʶУʶײԱߡ
𶯣âƣȭͷС߲ʹԴգۼû뵽֮ڡ
ɲǼ䣬ǿ߲ʹâʶеһ߲쫷硣
߲쫷絴󣬵һʱǻһޱȾͬǰ㣬ֱ챾ʶӿ뵽еÿһ䡣
ʱһΪǿʼɿ
һУȻܹĸоϾԼеı仯
£Լ漴̫ľתʼ
ˣ
ת̫ľȻһʱ䣬ɫâڳͬǳҵ̫һ㣬ʹƬռֱȾһҡ
漴ɢϢתۼǿʢһ
⡭
ԶŶƶһɢϢǿ̫ˡ
Ҫײɣ
Ƶۡ죬ŸմﵽûðȻҪף
ѽ
С̫Ʈһ߿죬ˮĴ۾ʱգһ£ġ
ʱѾԭϥ̫ľתĸ죬ȫĵ߲
һʱ䣬ĽɫøŨϢҲŷڡ
ˣ
â貣ڶĿ
ģȽɫøŨ˶ûȽâС
ͬʱɢϢȻǲϵ
ˣһۣһ¹ȥ
һµʱ䣬߲ӿĻ˸ɾ͵һߵ㣬ͬеˮԴһ̣͵ߵǿϢһ˵ٶȿʼ䣬գۼ˥һ͹ȡ
Ҳʱ忪ʼʯϥŵ˫ȣһ˲仯˻谵ʯʡ
⡭أ
Զһ˽ԳԾ
ġÿ죡
ŶС죬ϵľȣɷǿɰ
С̫ƮһߣǸӰ㿴죬˫ʱʱᶶһ¡
Ѿû˹⣬岻ʯ˫ȵͷ­תۼ嶼ʯ״̬ɢϢһ˲͵˸֪ͬ˰㡣
ʼˣ⡭ֵ֪û೤ʱ䡣
Ƶ۵
ĵžͺá
ڡ
Ḷ́ʯȥﵮһϵɱ䣬ʱе廯ʯʣ忪ʼۣǿ
ˣһۣ¹ȥ
һΣʱ䲢ã¹ȥʯһѺۣ漴Ѻ۷ɿĳӣգۼǱ鲼ʯʯѡ



һʯ䣬ܿ죬һԻʯ󣬼תľӨǿϢɢʹĿռ䶼ɵ¡
أɣ
̲ס˫ĿƵ⡣
ڳʯ岻飬գ峹¶˳ʱ˫ۣһҲΨеĹ⻪תΨӿϢڽ֯ӿԣǿȣ
ôû
ƺ档
Ŷ죬룬Ӧڸʲôɡ
âƣһ
ʱûۣеȫԼʶУһֱʶײ߲ԡ
ʱԤеľſ齣ƬѾȫѰ֮ڣýӦˣ񽣵ҲˣӦƿˡ
񽣽ǰмǿ߲񽣻ƶϡ
һ̣ɫ΢΢һ䡣
⡭
ǿʶӿϣͨ񽣣֣ȴһ޶ûյκηӦͬһʱ䣬񽣱ķȻ鲼鲼ķ䣬һһƬһһƬް
ǡȱ𣿣
΢΢ʧ
ͻȻ߲һ潻֯Աߣʶӻ
һ߲ʹâδ֪ڰгǿգƿһһرݣգ뵽һƬ谵޹ľ¡̣һƬƬ߲ʹâʱʱ׹صÿһ䡣
񽣣ǡЩסˣһһصıݣʮϣ׹߲ʹâǽƬָȴʮ⣬صһֽƬţ


1134 
ʮ⻹磬Ѿ֪ϾǿˮɫǳǴʮ֮⡣ֻǣû뵽ǣʶе񽣣ȻǴʮ֮񽣵Ľ꣬һɢڴ䡣
⡭
ôЩ棬ǿľҲסˡ
ƺԶԶҵ󣬵ǡʲô
૵
Ļ̱飬߲֯ʹâʹЩ
ֱ֮ȥʮЩ
ˣûʲôˣԽأԽǿڴ֮һ죡
иâ
񽣣ۣصʶ֮ϡ
һ̣˫ۡ
ˣ
Ƴ
ԱߣŶҲ
Сӣڸʲô
ʵһ壬ʯ֮󣬹ȥ̶ӵʱ˫ۣЩ档
ɡ
쵭Цӵվ
ѽ
С̫ĽԱ߷ɻأſͷϡ
һЦ¿Ŷˣˣ߰ɡܹµõʼν֮ҪĶǽƬˡʱ򣬽ƬѾõȻǾûбҪƬͣ
š

£һ˳֮ȥ
Ƭ֮أռʼջ谵۰ҹˣʱʱڷƮͬǴӵдһ㣬һ־㤵ĸо
һΪǺǿǴ죬ȻϢ⡣
ʱ·ܿ߳˺Զ
䣡
ǰ飬һɱа𣬽ܵն𶯵Ť
һͷ޴ԵصðצԼ鲼ףϢ塣
𣡡
棬ХԵɺһƬֱĶסһˡ
Ȼǽһ˵
ǿˣ

Ҳʱ޳˹צѹأٶԵ÷ǳ죬գ۱ǳһǰȳѪſֱӳһû¡
ѽó
ͷС̫Щ
ģǸӣȴʹó޶ʱݺһɺͫеһʱ両ŨŨĿ־壬һͨ˼˵һ㡣
Ǿˡ
һЦ
΢ĿĽתۼ۶һǰһǰնϡ
ʱ䣬۵һӭǰĵһâֱӱն֧飬ΨһǱĶ˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬նĵڶóǰֱͬնϣ͵һնķ飬ǹɢ

⡭
Ŷ˶ǲɵһޣȻô򵥾ͱնˡ
ܿ죬һֶӳԾƽϾ챾㹻ﵽ죬Ϊɱޣƺʲô
߰߰ɣȥЩڵĿʵйġ
˵
ͬС
Ƶ
ò˵֮ڵĿȷʵܻǣаźܲ
ͷԵúƽ֮ȥʱ֮ǰͷƿĵطڵĵصºһ΢ҰС
ʹк棬һУֱ΢ĶץС
ͷеԵصץĶһɫСľƣԲ磬Ͽ˸ķӡģͬһС򽡣
ǣ
΢΢ü
ܹоСľƺܲһ㣬Ϊϵķӡǳ£ңڲƺŷǳ˵ĵ֯šȴǲ֪ʲô
ôˣ
飬ƫͷʵ
ͬʱŶҲ˹
֣Сľ̯УһҰС
Ӹղ޳ĵص¼񵽵ģƺܲһ㣬ʲô
˵
үеСľƣ˶٣н¶ɫƺǡеɫСľƣɴ˫ۡ
΢ɣ
ʲôã
Ҳ⡣
ŶȻǲ֪еġʲô
һ¶տտâСľƵ˼壬ߣݴԶʱһ߲ŮۻʶĶԴһΣҲ˵ֻҪ͵
ʲô
⻰죬Ŷƣ˶һ
ôһ͵ʵǡ̫ˣ
ȷ

ϻүʲôʱƭ㣿

ô϶˫۵ǲɵʵû뵽⽫Ҫ뿪֮صʱ򣬾ȻżȻּôһϡ񱦡
ⶫ͵Ƕһ
˵СӣһƳܼϡ񱦣õЩ˰ɣ
̲ס
û취ƷãȻͺá
ЦеСľʶ
ĥֱĶ֮ǰͷ޳ĵصף⽫ǵص׿ռյһƬţү滹ûⱦ˵һ飡
Ҳ
Ƽ˽ȥ
һʱ䣬һһ˼⣬һķ޳Ƭصס
죺
ûˣ
ʺСӲȸɾˣ
ʮһһ˽޳ĵصѰ˸飬ʲôҲҵ
죺
ôŶ߰Ŷ
Ű
Ŷ͵Цߡ
ƲƲ죬ȥ
أ
֮ڣڷ缸ûͣ£ʱʱǻᴵһɣһƻɳżһЩҰ޵ĲкĿݹǱУȥЩˡ
һУȺΣգȴʲôһȫ⣬˴Լʱ䣬ߵ֮رԵֱ˳ȥ
Ƴ³һĿһЩ
һһǽȻЩ

֮أνƬǰǻʱ䡣˵ţĵʱ仨ĺֵջᣡ
⵹ʵ
Ƶͷʱ䣬Ŷ壬ڴﵽ죬壬ﵽ죬һõһϡ񱦣ջˡ
ˣпˣ߰ɡ
ʱڡ
֮أûٶ˵ʲôкһˣŸԶȥ
ŶԱߣǿ顣
ߡ
һϡ
תۼѣһ˱뿪֮غԶгʮ
˵ǽȥʲô



1135 ɱ
ȥʲô룬תתɣһ¡֮Ƚʱ䣬æбʵһ±ȽϺá
µʲôǲһζæ
żһ£ͦõġ
ŶҲ
Цƽǰ
£һһЩɽͽУĿܱߣһξա
˵ôоҪҪǿϲ٣磬ҲӾˡ
һУ˵
Ϊգֶǿ
ȷƬĴͱ͵޼ǶȴǱҪǿϲ٣ҲӷǷ֮ˣݴԣƬ۳һԪþⶫԣ͵Ҫˡ
ԣʱ¶һ˿ݣƬ۳Ԫ
ƿȻ֪Ԫȶ۶൱Ĺʵųֵ֮УԿͬʱȻʥҩٿʹþŸۻʽʮꡣ
˵ΣǾͲˣʷǿⶫҹٵۻʾڣϧ޹ҡͷ漴˶٣к¶Щâ˵Сƿִﵽ죬ѰԪӦñǧٱҪҿ
˵ţ˫ĿЩⶫԪڣһѰˣǿɾ׬ˣĶѰ֮˵һ˿ֱӶ˿벽ۻʾΪߵ㣬ֱӿۻʲΣ
Աߣţ˫ҲǸ৵죬ֵ޳ɣ
޳ɸƨʷôۻǿǰѰңҵڣ˵ǲʵˡɨƺһۣһ˵˵ʵѰˣҲûԪҲ߸ϵĵۻʺŸҶ˭˭
һƬĸڣ൱һ籾ˣȶĹʵһܹⴥ
ô£
ۡ
Ϊأ

˵ţһ˵ľϷƣǴ˵ĴɱֵУһ飬̵ǿĿ£ǵۻǿ߲ɶ
룬ΪٺúһӦÿǿȡˡǿ飬һ˲õľء
ôţвɵ¶Щ΢⣬һ±ƽ漴ڻǰУ⽻֯ŵϢҲͬ㵭͡
һĴɽ䣬úһϣʿ
ǣ֡죿
ϣʿһˣ죬ǲɵһ
ǰھƿɱ񳯾Ÿ벽ۻʣ漴ߵС̫նʥ̵ȼʥӺͼ׼ۣνһʱʱЩʿ֣ܹη壿
һʱ䣬ϣʿǲɵͣ˽Ų˶ǳ˿·һĿˢˢĶϣԴž㤡
ѾϰΪԴ˲⣬ƽĳǰȥ
ѽ
С̫ſͷϣע⵽ʿĿ⣬۾д˺棬̧СԴϵһȺʿ
һʱ䣬ӭСһĿ⿴ʿǺݺһ˵ŵŵɵĳˣͷֱ亹¡
ЦǰСһǻһצӾĨɱ׼ۣѾǴ˵ھʱӭСһЩʿܲΪ֮־壿
ѽ
ЩʿķӦС̫ˣɻĽ
漴ʱ䣬Ŀ⿴һʿӿ־ˣһЩ־˸һƨɵ˵ϡ
ѽ
С̫ƫСԴеɫŨǸ汦һĶһʿ
ʱһƬʿ˵ϣɪɪͷ亹ס
죬Ŷƣ
СһٶЩ˿ˡ
Сһ˵
ѽ
СһﴹСԴ죬ۺ档
Сһģ첻ɵһЦİ˿̫áطһʿȻܺС̫ȻܾʵСһ˵
СһգգۣȻһ׵ӣȴûٶʿͷϰſ
ɰ
ŶЦ
ҲһЦһûϵһʿܿ뿪ԶʧԶһɽڡ
ֱʱϵһʿǳĳ˿ֲ亹
̫һսֱ֮ͬʧˣû뵽ʱ󣬾ȻֳˣңȻ˶򡣡
˿Һ
ħڣʥ̣ĹལʼѰټĵۻʼ涼߳׷Ѱ䣬ȴ޹Ѱ֮ȻԼˣȻ
ĸƺܿŰɣ
񳯣һ򵽵ڰľݵȫ٣ɱŸۻʣǧǰ˼ٵˣȻϼʲôҲڲѰټɣ¶Ρ
Ȼֲɱ񳯣Ҳɱ
£Ƭ򣬿¡Ҫˡ
Щʿ૵˶ɵö¡

ʱһ뿪طԶеɽ䡣
ôеţʲô룬ʲôǻͦġ
ĵ
ȥߣſŲһ˯һ꣬
ڵ
˵ˣүҪߣ
һɽּ䣬ɽɫһʮա
һ죬Ǵһɽ߳Բյգ䣬ԵЩ͡
ʮգľϣоǿ˲١
Ƶ
ͷʵķɣعȻһľϵôܡ
ﬣ
ʱһĿɱԶĲԻֱӴĻ
ɱź˵ѪâŻԵĵҪѹϰ˻ġ
һʱ䣬ܵȫ̮ɫĿռŸո㱻ֱӾ
һֱĹᴩ죡
ˣ
ռͷС̫ԼˣһβҪ˵ʲôֱӳһɫĻһ͵Ľ֮ɫĻ֮⡣
̧ͷѪɫɱնĵطһѪâӰƬϣΨӿԿüһƬĮȵĵ֯š
ۻʣ񳯣
ĵ


1136 
ѪɫӰѪâΨһ˫Įӱ¶⣬纣˷
ȵЩ£ԶԶǰ벽ۻʻ׼ǵᲢۣʹ˶΢𣬵һʱоһɱϢ
һɱۣ
ҧ
ɱΪһһﵽۻʾǽޱȿµĴڡ
ȻҲܲߵĿ£ԷϵɱֱܹһƬ㣬Ǵӵ߳ɱ
ˣıȴ˿䣬񳯵ɱһ㣬һĮ
ﬣ
ԶĲϣ񳯵ɱ۶ˣͽֻӳɱն졣
һʮռϢıѣһѪɫѷ측֣˷
ۻʼѪɫ
ۻΣ
Ʊء
쿴һһҲֻ䣬кС̫֡
ʱ䣬ɫӣС̫ˣ˫һֱӽѪ顣
ѽ
СһͷצӻӶ̼䣬ƬɫϢĸ֣ϰ˻ѹ񳯵ɱУÿһռ䡣
񳯵ɱĿĮ˿ּ̧Ѫâ
ѪâǼ򵥵ɱ⣬̴Ҳֹһִִںһ𣬻һȫµĵһΪɱɱ
䣡
ɫѪâײһ𣬶ʱԣʮ̮
ѽ
С̫ϣɫøŨٴγɱѹ¡
һʱ䣬Ƭռ䶼ʥĹâ
񳯵ɱӰƶλ֯һÿһ̺мǿɱӭС̫ɫ⣬ײ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һδײܵһ类ռ
ɱΪﵽ羳켶ܿ£ȫȫסСһ
ü
Ҳֻǵס˶ѣռϷ¡
Ƶ
ŶҡͷԣСһҪǿһЩֻΪսⷽԶԶ޷񳯵ɱȣԶԷܵס
ͷŶ˵Ĳ϶ԣСһҪǿϲ٣ֻ
ﬣ
ͻȻ̶ٴ
ԶһλõĲϣһ쳤ƾճ֣ɶ೤֯ǿɱϢֱüĶͬʱŶҲһ֡
һԶС̫Ǹɱ֮ǰѪȣ˲٣ͬնȴҲ㹻£ƺ׹ᴩ벽ۻʡ
ɱʥ
䡣
ڳһ͵ĽɫŶˣǲԼٺʮԶܿһ
ವһѪնԶһСɽڣֱʹСɽȻ顣
ֲƣɼһߣ
ȻֹһɱۣǿɱһУ
ĥ
̧ͷɱʥĵطһпһȾѪʥͬһ㣬Ͻ֯ŵ
벽ۻʣ
һ
벽ۻʼɱ֣һֲܿңǰӿȥϹŶһ˵Էͨİ벽ۻҪǿࡣ
Ϊͬһ߶ȶԣԽﵽսԽӵĿ¡
ϣÿһܱߵĿռ䣬᲻ɵŤһ¡
ͷ­Ϊɱĵʯ
ޱ顣
仰䣬ɱһƵҪʮռ仯ɱһ㡣
ɱǡ񳯵ӣݣɱΪ֮ĳνֻ񳯵Ӳʸɱλáźӣɨ۲ԶɱۺС̫սһһɱǣסС̫ȻԼһİ벽ۻʼӶȡСͷ­׼ĵǹ֣
źӣ΢ЩأϾܹΪȲпɱ֯ӣҾڰ벽ۻʼʵȻӹɣԶһİ벽ۻǿᡣʱС̫ǣƣǴأ˿ҲΣգϾڣÿһС̨׼ս඼Ǵ
ﬣ
̶ѪգӶ֣ɱһһѪâ˲Ϣ
ֱָüģ
ֲһɱƵ˶ǲɵü΢һļ¸С
ɫĮһжһʥ콣âӭնϡ
ﬣ
콣âֳɫˣѹʮ
תۣײһֱӱԣҲ֪˺˶ٿռ䡣
ವһȰʧȰȾѪʥʮһޱȵĽǶն첱޷
ԶƱɫһ
򵥵һɱȴƣǽɱ֮һ޵˷豹ĵزܺͷ
ݡ
һԵޣٶȼ죬һ˲նĲ
ֻǣûаѪӰŤ
ǡӰ
Ƶۡ
Ŷ¶ݣÿ죬ʲôʱƶµĲӰ
΢һƿ𣬱Ľնֱüġ
ӷתʥӵ֮ڼ䲻ݷӭնı佣档

໥ײһ̶ĽǱܵĴƬա
ӰǱ鵭Į
Ӷ죺ô᣿
ᣬͻˡʥһӣһɱۼһ벽ۻʣΪɱңӣǿ
㹻ˡûʲôȾѪʥӭϣǣͷСޣһˣĨȫ㣬ûдء
ﬣ
仰£һ̶ĽصʥŹ⣬졣
ߣ콣תޣɫĽâϡ
벽ۻʶѣ̫Ϊˡ
Į
ɫâԷնʥɱײһ漴ǲϣһһӰתۼǱƵԷǰ
ﬣ
еʥŲâԶϿ֮ѹӡ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻӶһȭưء
ȾѪɱӭնµʥͬʱȭӭȭ

ٴײһ𣬽Ҫ˵ĶĤǿʢĽ¡
ͬʱ˵ȭͷҲһײһ
ˣ
һ޴ĺͬһʥı죬ͬһը˰㡣
һ׻ɶֱ۵ķѡ
һʱ䣬ѪˮĽա
СӣڵȻ̬Ĺˣ벽ۻʼӶס
ۡ
Ӻɣһֱ۱飬ҲŲѺۣѪˮֱӿ
쿴źɳȥӣŲһΣ৵ʧԭأ漴ͬ˲㣬ת۱ʥɱâնӵͷ­
ȻҲʱϣֱѪˮųѪâ˲Ϣ۳һѪƣһת۲еʥһǽ֯ɱ֮⣬ͬһͷͷĵޣͷ­ᴩȥ
ͬһʱ䣬΢תޱĻӽµɱ⣬Դڵĸλá


1137 컯
Ѫһֲסʥһֹᴩͷ­ͬʱӵɱֱ챾Դȥʹþ˲仯˽Դ󾪡
ԾѪݻɱƣǡ񳯵һϣһ
ɫ
ﬣ
ɱƹͷ­ȾѪʥıԴʮռǱ
ڵһʱо˾޴вϵıȴ˿䣬¡һɫĴֱӱ߶ޣͬʱ֡ңͬһʱ䣬üļһĿ󽣣ʶ֮ӭϡ
䣡
˵ĺ쳹ϯʮ
һӰɳΨǴһ˿˿ʺѪ
ɱҪķʩ߲پѪµĺܣټϰ벽ۻʼʥɱϣ޽֣֮κһ벽ۻ˿ֲĹ֮£СӾȻֻ˵ˣǡ
ȡ
וּһص֯ա

ӳȾѪʥһ죬ϵתۼ޸
ɫĮֲǵѪûһ֡
ʥһһתдƬ콣â
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
âƿգϯϣ׼ӡ
ͬʱԷһһӰһһֱ
ޱ飬ͬľżһ㣬ȾѪɱ콣â
ˣ
еȾѪɱ𶯣޹ݻǧʥʮռȫס
͵ģմתۼѷ측֣ɱƱһʵľ޴ʥԸ߿۶ɣն֮ɱ졣

һ죬طռˣҲֱըʯɽ
Եһ
ӭһȻ壬ֱӳӰ⣬۳ͬ޴Ĺ⽣ֵ߿գ͵һնµľ޴ʥ
ͬһʱ䣬ԴӰӡһž޴ͼѹԷ
ͼɫ鲼ۣʼһֱɢԷӡĲʹŵĿɵ˶ƺҪͼڷӡ
΢ȻовֳʥݻԲֲָ֯ӡתۼ佻֯һѪɫɱͼѪɫͼƼڣ
תۣ߾ֱײһ໥ĦãһƵĵ绡
գȻһ죬ըĹֱʮ
죬ӣʮŶԷһɫĮһޱ顣
漴һ̣ƿͬʱ˵ӰʧֱԷ

̶ĽĹ𣬽Ҫ˵ĶĤ



һĽϯת۽ȫ顣
ȥ˲ײٶȿ쵽㣬еʥײһÿһײ˵Ľ磬ÿһν絴ٵһƬƬգƺˡ
СӣﵽսȻѾǿȵزˣȻȫסɱΪİ벽ۻʼӣ
ЩԾ
ղŻһЩģڿȵģƺȫǶˣ

ɱΪˣǳ£ڲпɱ֯ѹˣΪһӣ벽ۻʾ˵ӵĿֲ֮ǰЩ첻ǶԷĶ֣ڣȫǡ



̶Ľϴռ飬飬ɲ
ȽƬռڣһɹ쫷ҲǲϵʹõرѣһʹʯڳŲϷȥ͵飬ĩһ㡣
ৣ
һƿ֮ǲת۱Ƶӽǰһն¡
һ죡׼ݣգۼؿڣնΪΡ
ʱѪˮա
ҲʱЩ俪ѪˮȫѪɫɱϵ죬ͬһƬѪɫһ㣬ıգֱĳᴩȥ
ɫ΢׼ҴӰٴγ𣬸ɣ֮εĻС
ֻǣѪɱЩ£Ȼд󲿷ֱһСȴǹᴩʹǿս岻ɵúݺݵĻһ¡
ܺã
Į
ӵѪᴩ壬Ѫˮʣȴû˿⣬ûпһۣһֱӱƵǰȭĺ¡
ˣ
ǿһȭƬռ䶼ҡ
۵һӶΪصһȭķ飬Ѫ
ǿ
ԶŶʡ
䣡
ϣսУѪ𶯣ѪɫâϯȥѪǿټ嵽һ𣬿ʼ顣
ߣԷĻᣬչͼѹԷѪ⡣
ˣ
ͼʣ֯ʥâӵѪȫסԷһ˿һĻᡣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ŀ⵭Įʶ۳ͼһѹ¡
ʱȫϣѪø飬ͬ궼ǱЩ
ãһɵ
ȵ
ҲſڣĶŲϣ˷ܵĹâ
ˣ
ϣĮӡͼһסӵ壬һѹʹöԷѪ岻ϱ飬ϢҲǿʼһƵĽ͡
ֳʥӡʱ䣬ӿӿʹͼͼøǿᣬʼѹȣҪ˽ӡ
ӵѪⲻϱ飬ܿ쳹ѪۿžҪһ顣
ȻҲʱһޱǿĵѪоֱͬǻɽ˰㣬ױȵĹͼͼ忪顣
ͬһʱ䣬һ챻ǿ𿪣ֻоؿһۣҪ˰㣬ѪˮĴӿ
䣡
˵ӣƬռ䣬תۼؾ۳ޱ飬⽻֯һƵâʶ죬ƺѹһУܵסС
ӭʵĵâʱһâһš
ͬʱԶ˽Ǳɫ
ֵ򲨶ǡͫʾ˸սУǧĴ컯
ִ
Ŷͷѵõÿüͷ
ƿ컯
¶ݡ
컯ǧɱǺųƾ˫ȻҪ౶һС
񷣬컯⣬ͬ컯ٳһԵЩ£ޱˡȾѪʥޱ飬һ졣
һȥǳʵȴǿ쵽㣬Ҽ˵컯âͬˣգۼǳͷƺƵնѹ¡


1138 컯
µһգۼ컯֮ܣռ䶼ڲ
춯ݣͼһʱ𣬳µһӭϡ
ˣ
ͼתʼһֱų貵ԣƺƵĳϿӭϡ
תۣ߱ײһ
漴۵һͼգѣն컯ɱ£͸ĻĻ۵һؿڴѪˮĿġ
⡭
컯ȻȻô׾ͱɫķӡͼ
Զƶʧɫ
ϣؿѪѪµһ˲Ĵˡ
ܱҼҵ󡣡
ͨƵԣ죬ʥٴһն¡
֮ͬǰһ㣬ȥǳ򵥣ȻʵȴǲȻһ컯Ŀɱ˵һھĺ˴ͨ
ﬣ
죬д컯֮һαɱתϡ
û˿ӣ۳һߵӰеķγɲףͬʱٴμӡͼ
໥ϣһεӵ컯ɱֱӽ֮⡣
ͬһʱ䣬Ӱɢۣ֯һ󽣣ݺݵĳ¡ûоʹֹסһչҶݺĴɽӣʯ̨һһƯ˳
Щ¡¡һ£ת۽û
䣡
һʱ䣬ը죬ķռȫ飬һɹɻԴϯʮ
̳漴ɢԭأŵĵâ˿½Ƕһ˿һ
컯ɱͷųǾ˫ʵСӸղǵǿĺϻȻûж֮˿˺үĻҪЩ
ء
ԱߣƺŶսУҲǱ΢
ϣ컯â컯һ㣬ȾѪɱٴγȥ컯ΪûͷСֻ·һ
̫š
վڲϣĵâоǿܣʱ򷴶˿ҲˣԵ÷ǳƽ
һʥɫ콣֣ñ֮ǰ
ﬣ
һŵɱϣ
ŵɱնӣ΢ӿ֣нʥ֮ϣƽӽնʮ
ͽ͡
ޱ飬·һжƿ֮Уӽȳľŵɱķ飬漴նĵʮ⡣
ͣ
ʱ䣬һ̶ӵĽϵ컯âͬ΢Ļ˰ĴˣתۼǱһ̡
漴һֱӱĺɣеѪԳֽе䡣
һʱ䣬˶Ƕݡ
ǡСӵ򣡡оֱŨͫн֯ȻȻ׼컯
Ƶۣǧ컯Ȼô׼ͱĥˡ
Ŷ¶Ⱥɫǣ壬Ե֮һ;ޱ񣬵һ̣оĵȴȫ˵ʲô
ϣӳֵֽѪˮһαɫޱ¶һ˿ֱֱĶ죺ⲻܣ
֮ǰһֱûʲôһֱԵúܴݣҪΪƿ컯ȷȴԾԵնɱ죬ΪǲпУƾ컯һ·ϣ񳯸ԴΪһӣһ·߸벽ۻʡ˵컯ǿ̣ȻʱնĻ컯âš
ܣ
죬ٴݣ¶ɫ
漴һ컯âȻǣ컯һ˲ǿʮͬһĻɽ˰㣬ʹط񷶼

죬һͺȣӿİ벽컯ںϣնɱ졣
һ˲䣬վֱ̮ͬ캧˰㳯û¡
ɱĿ⵭Į䡣
쮴Ҳᡣ
䵭
£һڵڣʵĵ֮âӿϣ֮Уʹͬŵٳϵĵ
ﬣ
ʥ߷âӭɱӶϣնʮ졣
գۼ䣬ײһ𣬽뽣棬𶯳ԡ
һʱ䣬طջζر飬Ľ͵ÿһ䡣
ԶЩ
ݣæڣкŶƺˣתۼطǧԶʵʱĽ̫ڿˡ
䣡
ϣӲײⷭӿɱӣʮա
һٴƿ컯âһȭڶԷϣֱӰ壬Ѫˮա

԰ӽֱӹؿڣ֮ӿϣûУݺݵѹ
ޱ飬ڴ𶯣ֱӽӵ컯â𿪣漴ֳʥâٴն¡
۵һӵͷ­һΪѪˮԽһ䣬Ŀġ
ã
ԶƲɵýе
һ񳯵ɱۺС̫սһ΢Ե⡣ɲǱɢָֻĮͱ
ѽ
С̫ģӶСצӣɫƵñ֮ǰŨѹɱۡ
ɱ۴ڵۻΣɱʮ㣬õĳ뻯ɫ⣬նɱѪȫȫסС̫˿·硣

ŭͷ­Ѫˮٴ۳ɽһ컯â޼᲻ݵɱУƿķĻֱӹڡ
΢ѪˮĿȴĮʥٴն¡
죡
ӺХ컯ӿȣתؾ۳ñ֮ǰǿĳӿϡ
Ϊƿ컯ͺ˲һʼĴȥˣȮ͸ʲô
Į
¡һһ߶ĸǿӵ컯ѹȥ漴֣ɫĴһƵɫĻѹ䡣
ͣ
ӵ컯ײֱӽ컯𣬼ֶ£ֱӸǡͬһʱ䣬ɫ𺣵Ĵ׽󣬽նյ̮ˣһû

һʱ䣬ŭͲҽȺ󴫳ڽɫĻǱ
벽ӿ컯֣Ǳĳ죬иѪ˿¶һɺݾŭұԴѪΪѪ٣꣡¡һһѪ䣬ֲϯ˻ġ


1139 ڶɱ
Ѫٸɣʼһֱɢĺ⣬ǵеڤѪӳ˳Ҫ鶼ֲĲԶ˽ľ

ŭҲһʼĴݣһɱ
¡һѪն£˲䱻ȫ𣬲񷶼ȾһѪɫ
ɱ
ĮܹĸоѪɫٲĿֲǣȴ˿޾塣
˵һһֻͼֱ𣬵ɢǿϢ
粽ƶֻͼƺƵӭӻѪɫٲ
ɲǼ䣬ײһ𣬱֮⡣



ƬռƬƬ̮þԻָռܿƵʶ

߶Ѫɫٲʹ֮øǿ
ĿɫѪڣֻͼâţһǱøǿ
һʱ䣬߾Ҵײһ˵ĵ绡֯ž졣
ܿ죬ʮȥһӻѪɫٲȻըƶֻͼϣĿĮѹӡ
㡭
䣡
𶯣׺ֻͼ֮ʮգۼϡ
۵һ죬ֱӱѹķѣѪˮɽ
ռ˾Ϸ
Сӣ񳬺ǿˣսǿԶԵ׼ˣ
ԶƿսУнǾâ
ǿ󣡡
ŶҲǴ⡣
һߣС̫ս񳯵ĻɱۣСצӻӶɫһƬƬ£Ըλһѹ񳯵ɱۡͬʱСһҲʱʱƫСԴƬսʱھԵϷȵѹӣ۾ɵСѽһҲģСצӼӶɫ⣬񳯵ɱ۵ÿһռ䶼ѹס
񳯵ɱѪâΨһ˫ӿԿüС̫ɨӵսӱѹƣһ˿˿â֯ͬǵһ㡣˫ĿУģȴǱ̹ǵ⡣
䣡
ϣӵսУӵѪâ䣬ȾһƬա
棬ֻͼսǿʢ𶯳գѹʮ
ܣŭ𣺡Ҳܣ
䣡
컯ӿ۳Դɱ졣
ɫĮһϣӿתֻͼںһ𣬻۳ǿĴֻͼ͵һӵ컯
ټ
ĮŴֻͼĳӵֶ¡
ɱâںɱ⣬һС
ʤˣ
ն
ԶȺ󿪿ڣеľâøŨ˼֣ǺȻЦ
Ŀ⵭Įֻͼ̼øǿʮڴ˿̱ȫѹ
ﬣ
ʱ콣Х쳹أһĿѪԶյڳ֣ӿֲĵԴֻͼѹӵһٶȿ쵽¡
Լ䣬Ѫգһͷ׿ޣ˽ɫ䡣
˲ˣоһĿֲƴȫܡ
ֻǣһ̫ˣҲ̫ǿˣȫסڹɱӵؼʱ̣סС̫ɱȫսһʱ̣գ۱ǰ
ۣ
ѪˮĿգըȾһƬա
ֲۻʽ֯ӿϢһ˲ʧӰ١
죡
Զȫɫ䡣
죬һնˣϢȫʧˣǡ
һƬսС̫һӾʹˣСצͣ
֡
Сһסˡ
ԶУһڹӰ֣Ψһ˫ӿɼĮ䣬֯ǿʢĵŵۻĲΣеϢ
ڶɱۣ
ˣЦſƮɢŵѪʱһ˿һϢ˵ˣգûдأм⣬ɫЦڻڹӰĳֺ⡣
һƬϣ֯ѪâɱĿ⵭Įû˿Ȼһ֪ǵڹӰط
ǡ
ŭ

ƺۡ
ʱǲ˼Ҳĵȫһɱıһɱۺ벽ۻʣһɱǣסС̫һɱ۾̹죬Ϊʱһпܻ²طǷɱţǸʱ򣬵ڶɱ̹ɱɹȻڰٷְ٣пܳܻᱻۻʼС̫Ԯ
ǣһˣһɱǣסС̫벽ۻս죬Դһ˵˼ά˶Ϊһɱۺһ벽ۻʼӣûȥ˼ȻһǿɱޣѰõʱɱ죬һαɱ

񱩣һ̣ϢһҲоˡ
ɡߣˣˡ
ȾѪɱˡ
ɱۣһѪâһڹ⣬ӽ飬סС̫
ˣ
ͻȻѪ֯һɫСľԻ˳Ͻ֯ķӡһ̹âһ顣漴һ̣Ϣͬϵĺ˷ڣƮŵѪתۼ䳯м£
ʱ䣬طɫ
ǡǿдžɫ漴һϲѵ
ˣ
УѪۺһӿ
ֻգۼѣؾ۶Ϣɢǿʢ
ûư¶ϲɫڵϵɫСľƵƬ֪ԭ򣺡ˣһﻹһϣס
ˣ
Ŷ˿ղŻˡ
סʱؾ۶ɵôڴŴ
ȻסǣĸоᵽˣǿļƷʵоܵ˼㡣
̧ͷӣǻڹĵڶɱۣס˫ȭ
㾹Ȼ
Ӷ죬־ŭǺϼƵıɱһɱ۵һȻûɱ죬죬ɻţ
һɱҲһɨ۵ϵĶƬ
ﬣ
̶ĽХٴǻڹĻɱٴζ֣񱩵ĵϰ˻ģԵۻʼΪն񳯵ɱʥɿն졣
һʱ䣬ʮռһռնֱüĶȥٶȿ쵽㣬ҽܱߵ·ȫˣһ˿һܻᡣ

Ƶֱɫסһɴ˿̣һǾɱ
䣡
ʱһɺ춯صĿֲѹɫⲼ죬ѹأǧҡɱɱʥķ顣


1140 С̫ŭ
ɫⲼ˸죬ڹǸɱնɱʥֲѹʹضڻζһ̶ƺҪ̮
ԶС̫ѩɫë˲٣۾гŷŭɫ
ǣ
ɱͬʱɫѹֲ̫ˣȻѾɵأһҲǲɵһɻֵ̿ĸо˲һƬ
ͬʱƵҲǶݣСһԳǵһɢֲ
Сһϣǣ
е
С̫ۣŭⷭǸڹĻɱۡ
䣡
̼䣬µСг˲Ϊ֮ɫ
ɱľһ
ˣ
صɱ۵ͳٺơ
ͬһʱ䣬صɱۺһˣСһʱɢϢסˣǵȲ̫ˡ˺ѷ죬תۼûС
С̫ۣСһ˫һ𣬴ػζĸ



һѺ۸֣ɱۺ뱻˳
⣿
ǻɱ¶ɫͫʲסĻζ
ҲʱƬһɹɺ˵Ŀ硣
໣
Сһϣһͷ֣Ӵޱߣ飬ء
漴޴ɻһ֣ͨ죬źŵȸУƺܽ綼ٻ١һ̣ͬ˷ӿ֣һͷ両һ̫ɽػ磬ΰ˺һͷȸһ죬֯һʥУͬʱҲŻĿֲϢ
⡭ǣ
񳯵ɱ۳ױɫС̫Ĵ鸡֣ÿһͷ֯Ϣǰֲһ̲סͷ亹ס
ȻǼһĻҲ̲סľϢ̫ˡ
Ĵ˵еĴϣƺֻػս飬Сһǡ
Ŷ⡣
䣡
ζɫ죬ڱʮ
С̫ŭŻصǸɱۣһϣһڿգƵĻصƣֱɱ۳ȥ
ӽʮ꣬ʮ䣬Сһÿʱÿ̶һҪˣСһ￴챻ɱһΣԷٴζ֣Ǹ۸˸׵ĺһŭˣҪ߸ء
໣

˳ʵڵһ㣬գ۱ǿǻɱǰֱӽ֮ûС
ۣ
ˮ죬ֻգۼѣ񳯵ǿɱֱӱķ顣

ŭӣС̫Ѫ飬һɿµδ֪룬ʹʱؾ۳ֻǱݳ
С̫Ŵ۾ޱ˫һȸ鵱ӭϡ
ˣ
߹
֮ȸճһһңأǻɱ۵ꡣ
գۼ䣬ɱ۵걻ûС
ǿԣһС

һֵһ̣ȸʧؼž
ǰɱ۳ʧԲ٣
棡
Ӳɵýг巢
һλϣɱǺݺһ𺳵ɫ
һĻۻʣһɱۣôնɱˣ
ҵ죡⡭
ԶƵһҲסˣΪСһȾ
һۻǿߣɱΪˣô׾ͱСһĨɱˡ
ŶǾɫ漴ֲɵ죬Сһϲ㡣
ɲɵܿ˵˭һ۾Ϳƽռ䰲ɰС̫ʱȫΪ챻Ǹۻʲɱ
Ͼһôʱ䡣
Ц
ɲǣ˲ʮꡣһ漴ƬϣС̫Сһһͷϲɵ
ǸɱС̫еŭʱ˴룬ʱֿһߵ죬գգۣƫͷǻɱۡ
ѽ
СһһʱƬɫѹƣѪâĻɱ֣ӸλѹƬռˡ
ɱ۲Ҵ⣬ٶ֣񳯵ĸһӭСһ
ֻǣʱСһΪԵʣǣɲ֮ǰȣɫǿ̫࣬ǿˢؼһУⴴ
ھԵǰνսǸЦԶǻɱЦϲСһĲ̫ˣ֮𡣡
ͷȻһֱûе͹СһСһǿľ
Ц£ƫͷһߵӡ
˵һʥ漴۷弶Ʒʥȡֳֹ壬ңֱ״ʱ䣬պ¡¡죬Ľɫû빭֮ڣʮеҲǹת۳ɱ
ɱԼߣʼһֱɢſɹᴩһеĿֲļ¡
̧ʥʶһ߳Ĵɱ
ӵһƫͷɫ䣺㡭
ɱ
쿪ڣɿңʱ䣬ݵһ߳Ĵɱ
˲䱻ᴩһͬһʱ䣬ɱϣһɫ罻֯ͬʱһͷѪɫħԻʮɽӡ
ֲһ
ӵһչûУȫߡ
Ȼ߳ĴɱȴӰΣֱû֮У֮˳
־ŭôɡ
ۣ
ɱᴩ֮ķ飬ѪˮȾƬգĿġ

ŭգؾۣ¶⡣
Ҳʱĵڶ֧ɱѾϣƵ磬Х
¡¡
ζһ̮ڶ֧ɱգ۱Ƶǰ
ͬʱٶȼ죬ߴ֧ɱ۶ÿһ֧ɱױȵĻ֮Ĵˡ
ӳ׿־ˣ֮ǰһսѾˣʱӭȻɱֵֻ֧ܷĳԶӶݡ
Ȼ߱ɹĴɱȾĿ֮ѪǾԲͣ£׷ӵӰʮһѹƣǻļѹ¡

ҽӵһ䱬ؼ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬һߣɫ⽫նҪȾɫʣһɫ쫷ɵﲻ𣬱ǻɱ۳Ĵֱӽ֮ûͬʱҲһ


1141 ں޵
ӱɱɱ۱С̫Ĩطһ¾Ͱ
С̫ɻأļϣǵĲա
ǡ
ЦСһԴһζСһҲ
̫ǿˣСһ
ƶС̫
Сһ
ŶС̫
ҲڣһҲİ֮ʡ
һɱۣһɱۣŭСһͬ鶹Ĩˣսʵ̫ˡ
ѽ
ô佱СһĴ۾ʱһС̬䣬ǿɰ
СһɰģһǲɵһЦ
ʱ죬˵ĶǿǲȻ֮ǰһɾˡ
ΪȻĵͷȷʵˡ
ӼսʱǸɱնһʱյķǳǾɱǸʱжڣˡ
ȺļһΪĿǲֶΰɱۺһɱһۻǣС̫Ȼ񾭣ΪһɱۺɱһǿɱǶڰʱ͵Ϯɱգĥ漴ЦһΣһҪˣɱۺһƿ컯ӱնʧֱǡ
һɱۣһɱۣһƿ컯İ벽ۻʼӣ񳯵İڽɽˡǣһ죬ڵ񳯽ɽȴط٣Ȼ̮ʧ̫޴ˡ
ͽɻΪ˲˭ܹɱˣ˭ܴɱ
ҲЦ
ĿԵЩ䣬˶٣һߵŶ΢΢һЦԶĲ񷣬¶һƺ⣬ЦΣġ
ôһ˵˶һ㶡
ʲôģ
ƺ档
Щʱ֪ˡ쿪ڣŶ֮󣬵鷳Ŷ
һȫ
ŶЦ
ܴϻۣȻʱ֪Ļʲô˼ȴףҪĳЩ£ΪܹﵽģҲΨһ
ŶЦ漴ԶУô߰ɣȥƬĸ񳯵ľݵͣ˵˳ŵõ಻Ƶı
ھ򣬽ĸݵ㣬ֱĴ򣬵Ϊµİ񳯵ļǿɱֵʶе֪£ǰھûȥ֣ΪǼݵڶа벽ۻʼǿʱǣɿвĿӲͷûϵˣ벽ۻʣѾУԾԵսĨɱ׼ۼˣҲ˿η塣
ͬʱС̫ߣӲõʲô֮ǰСһ﷢ŭʱɢǵȿֲԿ϶ˣҲǶ֡
ʱĸݵ㶯ˣȻҪһڻ
Ļ˫۶ʱһ
үϲ
Ц
ߣŪȺ󣡡

£һڿնǰ·Ƭλöȥ
Ƭһǿݵ㣬Ű벽ۻǿ

ھδ֪һƬڣ֮ء
ʲô
棬棬ƿ컯߱Ȼ
ôܣ
ɫĵУӰվһһڲͣ־ŭֿ֡
ǰһֵ֪Ϣ֪ڶټɱһǰƱҪնĨ񳯵ĳ裬һϵĴﶼڵȴλɱۺӿͲɱӻʧܣһͷۼСޣݣҲǾܰٷ֮Ĩ죬ʹҷ
ȻڸղţڣһۻӵĻƣȴȫϨˣԤʾţǰɱɱۺӡȫ
λͬУƿ컯߱ɱôܻʧܣôܻᡭһļ;֣ͷСޣôǿ𣿣񳯵Щ׼۾磬ÿжأľӲǾˣˣֻΪһɱһƿ컯ӣͬһڣ˸ȫˡ
ʱܹ뵽ġۻҪԭ򣬱ԵͷСޣֻͷСޣɱһɱ۵Ŀܡ
ôô
ڰĴУһֲ̿
һ̣һϵļн¶ںޣںԼһΪʲôӵɱίУںΪʲôһʼɳ벽ۻǿ߶ɱ죬ʹһɳڣһδδشһΣɱһƿ컯ӱɱһİڽɽ

˴𣬾ŭ֣̿ںޣʣ
ͨҪ֪ͨ𣿡
ɣɴѾչǧˣóȻš
ô£ܲô֪
һڰ

ӻں޵ŭ쳹

ʱһΣչȥ
һ죬һһǰ洦ǹľӲݣǳͨ
ǰŶ֮¡
ط񳯵һݵ㣿
ƿ·졣
С

ûй˵ʲôкһֱԾ¶£漴ڰյʱ̧һȭ·¡
̼䣬˵һ촫ȭͷµձ飬һƬƬӡѣһ类飬¶һ΢Сռ䣬ʮֺš
ۣС
ôͨһ£һǿĽ磬ǽ
Ŷ
ɱȥ
Ц
ѽ
С̫ſϣǴźŽǰ㣬Ľ
ǰһǿС
ŶƸһ롣
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ǸոûʱٵӰһʱ֣һɱѪն˹ͬʱƬռڣһɱ֣֮ɱ⣬뽫һ֣УųϵĹȫǳȥɱ嫺ڡ
ȻƿطݵĽʱһɱֱͶһˣһ˿ľݵռʱһɱֶαѹϡ
䣡
ƬСռմѷͬ֩һ㳯ӣЩ¡
ϴһ˿Цû˿Ķ̧һȭ
ˣ
ǿһȭεΪӳֻѹƣ̼еѪɱ⣬ٵеɱƣƬա
侪˵ȭδʹɢͬˮư㵴ǰݿ࣬ʹʮǿɱըһʱ
ûʲô˵ģɱ
к˵


1142 ׼۲
񳯵ˣȻκһ˿飬ݵڣֱɱ֣һȭӳ󣬽űǵڶȭ˵ȭһ֮ʡ
һⷽݵڣһռ̮ʮǿ
٣
Цɫ⽻ְ֯˷
ű󽣣ÿһʵʣ֯żǿĽ
ŶҲһ֣Ƭ裬ȻȻܼĵâӿֶ
ʱ۵ģ⴦ݵڣһǿɱ̷飬
죡
һ𣬵ӿһ벽ۻǿʮΰеһڳдɭɭɱ⣬ڿͷϵС̫ʱޱȵļɵϾǰС̫̫׼Ĩɱ׼۵£ѾǴ˵ھ񳯵İ벽ۻǿȻ֪ܻС̫η塣
ޱ飬ûһ֣һΣ۷弶Ʒʥֱȡ
ˣ
ɫڣӿȫ߶Ʒʥתۼ۳һ֧߳Ĵɱ
벽ۻһ㡭ǰȻɱǲٰ벽ۻʣȴȿӡõɱ󣬱սǰ벽ۻʼǿߵĶ֣˼ʱҲֻηͷС̫ûн챾˷Сʱ򣬼֧ɱ˶ʱ߳ɱʱһвɵˡ
⵭ĮǿܹĲ벽ۻʲô
Ϊʱ䣬˷жȹ
Į
䣬һɣ߳ĴɱʱͬɳƬա
ģһɫ罻֯ɱϣͬʱѪɫڤħ֮Ҳһ֣գۼǳ嵽벽ۻʵǰǿɱֱӽ֮ס
飡
벽ۻʺХȫ⣬ȴûܹһı飬ѪƮɢУĿǾˡ

˾ŭ䶯顣
ֻǣ첢Ļᣬǲһ磬ֱ˵Աߡ
ˣ
һֻͼ𣬴ӿϣգۼ۳ɴֻͼ
·
Įֻͼѹ£սȫ

ҽ벽ۻǿߵⱻĸ飬ҲһС

ˣ
طһʿ𺧡һǿߣһ벽ۻʣȻôһת۵Ĺ򣬾ͱնˡ

һߵЦ
һǴ
Ȼеһɾ޴ķ籩չֳǿɱ
Ŷֵţ⽻֯ӿܵĿռ䣬âˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһת۾ǴƬɱֻ
ڲϣٴһʮʸÿһ֯ž˵ɱȻԶԶȲȫĴɱȴҲԺܿ£ϾΪ߶Ʒʥնɱͨʿ׾١

ҽƬСռڲѪâһը
һˣʲĶǴ죬һˣοǶ֣Ǽһ֣⴦ݵڵ˶ԣһɱûκ˿Եֵסܣ޷õ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһתȾطĵر
ˣ֮طݵڣɱȫնɱ
ڶδﵽ죬񣬾ǶͨǿߣүҲʤ
ĵ
ΪﵽأʱһսʵԼǰսǳ⡣
֮ɱˬ
ƴЦ
쿴һһˣŶһЦ漴Ƭռʮ
мֵĶȫߡ
˵
ģ
Ƶ
һȺطʮ˸飬Ѱǧ龧ʮƷƷͬʱȸǼֱ࣬ҩҲǲ١
ǡ
ŶЩȡ
УΪƿ֮ɱʱյıȴǷǳͣҲˣôıأǵһμ
һÿνܰɱίУȡı궼ǼߣݵڵھŴж಻ʤһĺڰίȻҲͶ࣬һһݵ۵ıأҲԵֵƬκһڶεĴھŸУԴ͸ֱҲǾԵľڵһصɽҲǱȲϡ
Ӧǡ
ͷ
ûж˵ʲôЩ漴кһ뿪ƬСռ䡣
صϣֻͼѹ£·ݵ㳹׻ٵһɶ
һݵ㣬򡣡
ڣͷС̫
ھĴÿһڣһݵ㡣
Ҫȫٵ
С̫ĽСצһӣֱһŻ
ߡ

£һ˿Уܿ
ֵˣ˵ǸƬʱǴƬڡ
ĵ
£ߡ

ǰ·պ󣬳Ƭڵķһɽ⡣
ɽȽϻߣ˼񶼺ѿǰ˸󣬾ֱ룬ڱһ޴ķƣݵڡ
죿㡭
⴦ݵڣɱֲ٣죬־ŭ־壬ǲɵöͷС̫дڵļɵ
ûһֱۣӳ֣ɱնʮ
ͬʱˣâӿ
ܿ죬ӹȥƬݵ㳹ױѪˮȾ죬ʬһ߾ߵڵϡ
콫⴦ݵڵмֵıȫ콣â⴦ݵն֧飬漴⣬С̫򡣡
ѽ
СһӶСצӣֱ˺Ż
ߡ

һռŻ뿪ת۽
ǰ·ҵƬڵ񳯾ݵ㣬еɱ֣мֵĶߣ⴦ݵ㳹׻ٵ漴С̫ǰŻкƵֱӿ룬תۼ

ڣɽ
һ
۵
ţ
Ц
ͷǰ·Լպ񳯾Ƭݵ⣬ֱӻӶ콣ԾĽâն⴦ݵķ磬С
죡
⴦ݵڣһɱֵıͬݵڵɱǰ㣬ŭɵ
ЦƷʥ߱ɹֱʥң۳ʮɱ
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
ʮɱƿգɵգۼʹʮǿɱֱٰǴ磬ȴвɱսȫҲ˿á
ŶƸԶ֣սǿƥһɱֱ͵նɱ
䣡
⴦ݵǿӿ֣һɿӰΪһ׼ۣһѪɫ󽣳⴦ݵ㣬ԼٳԶնȥ


1143 
̧ͷųߵ׼ۣ鵭Į
ӣӲˡ
粽ϣٶȿ쵽㣬ǲһαǳǰһȭ¡
ˣ
һȭ£Ƭռ䶼
׼ҧͬȭһȭײһ
ȭգײһ
׼һΣɿݵ¶һ˿죬û뵽ǾȻôǿȻ׼ۻǿһ˿ҧҧͷС̫ûκͣת䷽ٴγԶߣٶȷǳ졣
ǰСһѾھʱ񳯵׼۸սΪǿһսȡκսС̫ߣκβ죬£յĽֻ֣Ǳѹնɱ
һʱ䣬ƿΪ񳯵׼գۼǿԶͬʱ񳯵֮һ뵽֮УԸٶȳԶȥ
쵭ĮһۣƫͷͷС̫
ѽ
Сһڴʮ꣬ѾͨȻ֪ʲô˫һʱһȦɫƵطĿռȫ
漴һ׼۱ǿд޷ٳߡ
ģڲɱ㣬׼ۼ㣬֮Щõġ

ûʲô飬ƽƽһȭȭ졣
׼ҧŭӣеɱתۼͬǲã󺣰㷭ӿģһ̣С̫ǿɫܵÿһգȻһֱ̾ǿɱܣɱȥ
ߣɫѪᴩȭ߶ĸǿᣬȭѾ
תۼ䣬ߵɱײһݵ㶼ڻζȻǿ׼ۼػһҲʼϵı飬Գסǿơ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ռ𣬻ԵĲӿܣʹڵһ˶𺳡
СӣȻܶս׼ˣ˿·
ƾ
ʱ䣬ϾС̨ף壬ÿһʱ䶼Զͨʿʵʱ䣬ȻҲͳ󡣡

Ŷ׼۵棬ҲǲɵóԾĿ⡣

ͨ⣬ǵŮһ㣬ʿ顣
٣һ׼۹ˣǶûʲôˣҲ죬ٽ

Цһ֣ɣ
һһʶһ㣬ʵҲǿʼȫ֣նһǿɱ֡
ͬʱŶ֣Ӷʮɲѹʮǿߡ
һ棬һطһɱָ֮С̫ɫӡܣЩɱֱӶڹȥһ̶ӵʱ⴦ݵڵһͨɱ֣һȫĽ
ҲʱƬռϣֻͼͬǾս㣬񳯾׼۵սβֻ֮ں׼۴գɫѪҺ춼ǣĿġ
漴ٽӡΪӡɫĵͼƺƵ£תۼû׼ڣһΪжȫӡ
׼۾ŭá
飡
Ը߿ս䣬һŲ׼ؿڣʱйͷѵʹ׼۵ҽУвӿѪ
⡭áģҳŹģԳ֣ǣҵȱó
֪ԼˣԵú
棿츩ˣһΣһʶӻ֮ǰ񳯵ɱ۱С̫ĨɱĻ棺˵ˣ
񳯵׼۶ʶӻݺһϵȫʧиֳţһĵۻ棬Ѿɱ죬ȻնˣһһҲۻʰһ̣к϶¶ֵı飬Ȼ죬ͷС̫㣬
Ȳؿڣһ𣬵ʹ׼ǿַҽ
ɱ𣿡
һ˿Щʵ
ʱ֮á

ЩɣȴҲûж룬Ƶѹıȣ
ͷܿ㽫⴦ݵڵмֵĶȫҳ
ߡ
˵ץѹŵ׼ֻۣͼ⴦񳯾ݵ㳹׵٣ȻкԶȥתۼ뿪⴦ݵ㴦ǧԶ
֮һ˵ٶȷŵñȽϿ죬Լʱ󣬽뵽һɽ
£֪ݵ㣬ȫٵˣһӦûݵˡ
һδĸо
˫۷Ź⣺һΣ׬ˣٵ񳯵ľھĸݵ㣬ܹѹһڶ龧ʥǧĵҩһЩϡĵȸǶ಻ʤˡ˵ţѹץǴݵڵ׼ۣԵЩ棬ˣûǸʱɱΪʲô
ԣ΢΢ͷ԰ץΪʲô
ŶҲǱȽϺ棬Ҳƫͷ졣
ͨ񳯵ء
˵
ʲô
˽һ
ѹץ׼ʼſ־֮ɫһۻ汻С̫Ĩɱ£ʱĻھһ漴ҧ롭ѻҳĴأ𡭡ˣҳ֮Ҹ֪ʶ꣬ҲκⷽĶ
ޱɨһۣ˭˵Ҫʶꣿ˵ţƫͷһߵŶŶھͰˣ֮׼ۼ޵ĴйžеĻϢǵڡ
⻰ƶһԵɴۡǴݵڣѹס׼ۣʱʱɱΪ׼ۼ޵ĴйžеϢٽŶ֮һأʵЩ𺳣û뵽쾹ڴ⡣
ŶҲЩ죬漴ǻȻָֻƽΪڶʱ˵֮ҪʱʵѾµ֮Ҫ֮ԣʱ˵ȻʱȻԾ̶ȴ
񳯵׼ǿŶһĴˣȻ֪һ⣬ʱŶЩԾתۼ䣬ҧһĴΣûãȻҲ֪ҳںδȴ֪ܲ޾صƣһУһһί֮Ҳ޹գ
ŶȻΪԼһۻ汻С̫ĨɱĿ־֮ɫʱȴ̲סЦ񣬾ôһδɵŮޣƿ֮ΣܱȵùһǸˣ֮Ц֪ԼضʱƺѵõץסܹǰЦĵط죬⣬ֻ˵ǳ˵Σ޴Ķ


1144 ҵ
׼ΪС̫Ĩɱһۻʶӻʼտ־壬ʱ̲ס̣Ŷһظǳ˵ΣϾ֪һĳ˶ȫ£ȴǺáã뷨ʵ̫ЦˣһСˣһǸ˶£
쿴ˣŶԷϵĳһ£ȶ˼߹ǡ
̫죬Լʲô֪ʵϣͽЦѡ
Į
׼ۿӿѪ־ֿŭĶ졣
ɨһۣ漴Ŷ鷳ŶӦõɣ
Ϊһ֮ǰ˵Ŷ֮ѾԼ֮Ŷ壬ųƴҵõһʼ񾵣ֽϣ׼ۼǿ߱еĴйžϢΪţŶ񳯵ڡ
ôŶԱߣƶǲƫͷŶ
ҾȫӦû⡣
Ŷ
ƽһ㵭Ц
ʱƶһ
Ŀԣ
ۣ֪Ŷ壬ƿһʼ񾵣ֻһʼǿʱŶ˵Ӧûʱ̲סԾϾҪĿ񳯵֮
ŶͷӦÿԡ
ܣ񳯱ѹط׼۶ŶȣǲţƾһδɵС󱲣һ˶£ֱЦʵ̫ſͲ֪ߵغ񡭡
ɨˣһźݺؿڣʹһηҽ
ŶЦţ
ǣллŶЦ漴ֿڣһ
á
ͷһߣͬʱкƣԾһλã֮ƽŶм䡣
Ŷƣ漴Ŀϣ˵ͷ
ҿʼˡ

£ʱ䣬⾶ֱӿ֣ſ飬ʥ˫ֽӡٶȷǳ죬תۼǽ֯һƵģһԵúأ֯ϣǰɽȿ̵ķһģһ
⡭ͨģƣ
ۡ
ҲǳԾͨģȵҪǿʮ
춼ɵЩ죬ǰŶɽȿӡʱ쳣ѣӡٶȷǳԶԶûٶȣ֮𣬶ңǸʱЩƺֻǿӡǵƶѣȴ룬Ŷ֮ʱӡݻķģƣ
ֻƿصĵƣһɵ𣿡Ŷн֯΢⣺ʱ䣬ֹΪ죬һηԾȻۣ֮ӦҲѾһԶԶ˦󣬵ֻһʼˡ
ˣ
Ŷӡٶȷǳ죬ƻϣͬСԾڰʱһž޴ͼֶȫƹɣΪģطĵϣɢһƵĹͬʱҲɢһƵϡ
ʱ䣬ŶΪе㣬Բǧڣ˰㣬â
ЩâŵĴ֮ǿŨ˼㣬Ǵ۳ɵĺʹǿ춼оһľԼΪǾԴôŨĵâңȥŶƺûкķѶ
ͬһʱ䣬񳯵Ǹ׼¶ݣʱŶ𺳡
壿ʱǿ׼ͨŶɢеϢԼŶ˺嫵ĵâ˲³ŶʣһĴʼʼһʣ⡭Ŷʣоľ˵˶ʱһ¶뵽һ㣬ԺһĴʼʼһʣܹ񳯵֮
ˣ
Ŷ⣬ϢŨƬصĴӿ˶
£ͼ֯΢⣬еޱȿ飬ӿĵâǴ֮Ůһ㡣һ̣ɨѹ׼ۡ
ӭĿ⣬ⱻѹ׼۶ʱһ㡭Ҫʲô
ʲôϵĹžϢ¶ѡ
Ŷ
֣ŵ׵ͼһ⽻֯ͬһ׼ǿڣǿһѪɫ΢⣬֯һƾ˵ɱ漴ٴνӡŵ׵ͼҫ۵Ĺâֱ
ʼ

һ˲ѣɢϢӾˣŨ֮ǿᣬ׼ǿߵžϢΪʼڡ
찲һߣнɫâ˸鲼ܣȫΪŶ
תۣΪŶĹϵطնΪ֮ȾһĹâ
漴ȹâԳĹ켣ͬˮһ㣬˷
ʱ䣬һ۹ȥʱ
ˣ
һ̣Ŷ⣬øŨһƵĶøǿ

ھδ֪ڣڵء
ʱ񳯵ܣԳζһʵĴԼԶ˹
ʱܣһ𣬽֯ĲԼʶ㣬ƵϢȫѹȥ
ͬʱһһ˫䵽ͬںڶһ㡣
̼䣬֮⣬һɹɿµĵ֯ʮͬʶ㣬Զε⡣

ڵɽУŶ⽻֯ʱ򣬽΢΢һ
ʱüͷһܹŶƺһЩ鷳谭
ôŶ
ʵ
Ŷͨ彻֯⣬ҡͷ
̧˫֣ٴνӡһαȽϻȥʮǽӡϡ
󣬶ʱ䣬üķһöɫƮǰϱ鲼صơ
񾵣
öһɲǼ䣬Ƭڵĵøӿǿᡣ

ͬʱڣ֮ǰƾܳȥʵĵʱӿٱһ˸գۼܼڡ
˭
ͳһǹںƵ޾ĺ⡣

ڵɽУϢ֯âӿƽ
ҵˡ
Ŷ
н֯⣬ǰ񾵵ľϣһ渡˳һƬ󣬱źʵı㣬Żת䣬û֮µĺףһڵ䣬޾͵Ʋϡ
жʱ仮տտâ񳯵ڵءҳˣ


1145 θ˶
ԻһĻ棬󣬱Ⱥ·ײһڵԵޱɭ䣬ǵ㣬ܼĵơ
ǣͷıΪ㣬ǰ¶⣬漴ֶŶһ𺳣ģȻҵ񳯵ڣһʼͲû̫Ŷ񳯵λãǵڳʳڵصĻʱȴ̲סĲ𾪣Ͼ񳯵ڰ

Ҳǵۡ
ŶЦ𣬽ŵ׵ͼʧϵĵâҲ䡣
Ŷڻûв
ʵ֪һĳЩʱʹ߸һĴۣԽ漰ºҪĴ۱ԽŨʱŶϣ֪Ŷ񾵻壬Ƿǳⷽ⡣
ûµģʼµ񾵻壬ƺûʲôۣЩķ
Ŷ֪ڵ
Ǿͺá
ô˵ţǲɵù¶һ˿˿Ц
ܣⲻܣǼٵģѹץ񳯵Ǹ׼ʱͺд𾪺ͲţǾԲҳڣһС󱲣壬Ҳλãûпܣ
׼ҲţŶһڵءҪ֪һԴʼѾ֪˶ôƾõ£ǿ߶׷ٹһλãȴ޹ôܽһĺŮӣô򵥵صڣ
ƫͷˣûʲôһֻͼֱѹȥ
׼۶ʱ־ס֣Ҫɱ
ۣ
Ѿӡѹˣӡ˵Ϊжʱѹ£εֵˣǱֻͼѹ
̧֮ͷƬߵλã¶һ˿˿Ц
ʱ꣬ھٷһ¡
˵
漴кŶ뿪
ú߳ƬɽС̫ȺŻڱͶͬʶӻΪС̫ĨɱۻĻ棬ӱնĻھĸݵ㱻ٵĻ档ͬʱؼǣУд񳯵ڵأҲڣߵıײͬȤģȥתת
һʱ䣬ھ󺧡
죡Ǹ죡ʧֳˣΣȻȻ
ۻ汻ɱˣҲɱˣ⣬⡭
ߵͷСޣȻôǰ׾նɱɱۣ
ҵ񳯵ڵأ
ôܣģôģʷۻʾҲ⡭
ھʱٴδڣһʿһ̣ǴȻ
ǿص񳯣ĸݵ㱻ӱͬʱۻʼ汻ߵС̫Ĩɱ⣬ʵסƬˣۻʰôɱˣͬʱһʿȵǣ쾹Ȼҵ񳯵ڵأֱ̫ˣ¡
Ҫ֪񳯴ôƾõ£һǿй⣬֮صغδ֪Ҳеһؼءǣһһʿ²һٵھȺٵʮεľݵ㣬նһӣߵСĨɱһۻ棬һΪص֮ظѰ˳⵱Ǵһн漣
⣬죬򣬼ֱ
ʿҺ
ɱ۱նر˷֣һģǣǻ鷳ˡ
ʣģǸ죬ûбҪֻϷˣʿ

νһҳģ
νһҳΨһԿ϶ǣƬ򣬾˵ӦǱҪˣ
ʿۡ
Щ񳯽еĺڰɱҲ֪ж٣Ӣܶɱۻʶնˣһ˺ȻǶ಻ʤʮĲɢ޺Ŵɣɶ֮죬ϧһֱѰһڡһλñѰŪĵھ˾֪֪񳯶Ծһڴ鷳
һʱ䣬ھʿ𺳣ϱĴ˽Ծ
ͬһʱ䣬һ棬Ĺལʥ̵ȼһڴһ̶Ƕݡ֮ǰ֪³Ϣ׼ѹ죬ԶȡҪĶʱ򣬼һʶӻС̫Ĩɱǿɱ۵Ļ棬һʱ䶼ǳĬ֣ǶߵС̫ԤǵˣĿºܶࡣ
׼ٶ֣
һ죬ŵ£һʶӻ󣬻Ĺʥ̵ȼžʹ׵ļͬľΪߵС̫ʵ̫ˡͬʱ쾹ȻѰ񳯵أҲʹ⼸ǳŹ֣²߻صţʹ⼸òأ
ͬʱȻҲǲ׽Ĵɴŵʶӻ£˴ʧɫһ𾪣Ȼ
ôܣǸôҵҳ֮
ûܰϣеʼӡ޾ƵƣңÿһĵۻǶΪ֮ӹ̣µĵƷǵۻʾҲû˿ҳ֮أô֪ģⲻܰ
ô
һϵļˡǰǲŵ֪ԼһӺɱɱʧܶ䣬ȴǽֱѰԼһأҽ´ھֱһѣ
ЩһǴɱ˶ʿ˶˺ʹ֮й¶ĵ֮󽫻ʿѰһڵһһһܼʿַ

һļﾪŭ˼㡣
ʱͳһ޾ĺɱ⡣
񳯴ô꣬屩¶ΣܹɱĽ
һ㷳հˣڣͽӹ壬ߣɱ
֯춯ء

һһɽۣ֮ƬһУ֪
һ£񳯿еæˣЩô˺ʹ̣ڱ¶ȥ֪жʿɱȥĵ죺Сӣ֮ǰ˵ģָŶѾͷһڵأȻй¶ȥ֪£ò˵ȷʵеһǾԺݻ
Ϊɱ֯Ϊһڰ֯ɱ̫ˣôƾõ»£һʿʹֱ̼Ƕ಻ʤ콫һй¶ȥ¾֪Իһһĳһǿʿǿɱһڵȥ񳯵Ӱ죬Ǿ޴ġ
ңǻӰ쵽񳯵δչʹУΪһڰ֯ԣλһ¶Ұ֮ڣڽʱͶǳ鷳˵λõı¶ն񳯵һ۰һȡ
űߣϴ˿˿Ц⣬ǿθ˶ѡ


1146 Դ
ĻƶǶݣŶҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ųڵصλã˾֪Ƕ񳯵ڣǶ񳯵δǿǰĴ鷳˵ѣѾھˣ̷ڣȴǳƣֻǿθ˶ѣ
ֻǿθˣǡʲôˣʲô˵һģ
ۡ
ԱߣŶҲ죬Եúܺ档
쿴һǾãųϢʹ񳯸𣿡
һ㶣漴˵϶ǲܣȻʮһɢ޺ͽɷǳ࣬ǣһʵҲǰģеۻʾǿڵǿɱҲǶ಻ʤҪʹ񳯸𣬽ųһɢ޵ĴɣȻõǸһȥЩ鷳ˡ˵ţЩŹֵĶ죺ʲô˼
ûʲôŹЩʱһڻԵĴ񡣡

Ŷ񳯵λãȻֻΪŶһλй¶ȥѡй¶ȥʹ˾֪˶ȥ鷳⣬ֻǰˡ
ôһ˵һŶҲһ
Դʲô˼
ʵ
Щʱ֪ˡһЦڴ֮ǰҵñչһҡ
չأô漰չˣ
Źֵ
ҳʱǡ

һ죬ɽλڣҵһɽС̫æɽϥ£ܲһʱתһ̣չڴˣתתۼһƴڽ
һʱ䣬ɽܵĵҲĸŷ
αչأ
ɡ
ҲһŹֵı飺ؼǣʱҪʲô֮ǰ˵ĸ񳯵ʲôԴйϵ⡭벻ͨ˵ţɵŶŶҪһ£Сӵʲô֮ǰĻʱʵЩ֪쵽Ҫ
Ŷһ㶣漴ҡͷЦѣɲáңȥҲûʲôģǵ֮Ըǣʱ򣬻һ־ϲС
˵Ҳǡ
Ƶͷ
£һ˶ǰԱߡ

λã
Ŷ񳯵λãȻλʶӻķʽ֪ھˣʱһӰȺﵽⱱߡ
ЩӰУǿɢޣҲгĽɡ
ʮǰΨһֿѱһ̶գҪָ
ҽǧѳ콾ʥɱ֯УٲǣҲ
н棡һҪ
һӰķŭɱ⡣
һ̣ʿס˱ײһʼ̶֣졣
¡¡ģΪ֮ı飬Ϊ֮һ֮ͨײһɸߵĺˣƿν
ɱ
ҲʱһԱײͬ񷢳
ʱ䣬ѪԱ³˳գնطһˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһըһʿ
ȻǸû˵ѣһڵأȻ
˴
ﬣ
Ѫƺ棬ը顣
ңԱߵһʿҲڲը
Ӻȹʺ֯ˣҲˣǣҲҪǵ֮ؽһ㲨ǣ
бƢŭΪƬεһˣʮǰӣųǧܳţһҹ񳯵˲ɱ
ﬣ
ѪһѪɫԺ׳𣬽˵ն飬
ͬʱ۵ģϿգһʿ̱ն飬ѪˮȾ˴Ƭĺ档ˣ񳯵ˣȴûһӱ߳ʵǿĿ¡
ǣȻ֪ڰУֻһӻڰУ˱ˣҲҹһ
ȳ滹磡
һȺң
񳯷ǳǿ󣬳嵽ʿը׳Ѫն飬ǣʿȴûη壬ڴдǿҵĺ⡣
ЩˣΪܵ˱ɱֿѣǰˣˣŮʦǵӡǵЩ͵ӣԩ޳𣬵ȴίɱеĺ⣬ôܻ٣
ĳ̶ֳ˵Щ˶񳯵ĺ⣬ȶίɱҪŨĶ࣡ζ޲ý񳯵ǧУʬΡ
ۣнʧʧǣ
˺
֮ͨӿʿڷĺһ֮ͨӿ·壬µĴˣΪ֮ڡ
һȺϣ
Ա֮״
ϽصѪһʿᴩֱӽɱ
ֻǣȴûη壬˶ǺۣĹƬ
ͬһʱ䣬һʿϵӷļµ񳯡ңзǳǿ˱ܿѪֱӳ뵽£ɱ·塣

𣬻˾뺣׵һʿ顣
ת۶ѣƬȾˡ
⺣ף壬ڹһͽӾڳű֮ϻӶɱ鶾һʿն顣ֻǣǽ׷ʿɱ˺ܶܶ࣬ȴʼη壬ηڳ
Ǹ죡
һдŭҧ
ڳ嵽ʿһУһֱ˲Ϻǵ壬ʲô£Ҫ֪޾Ϊһδεİɱۻĳ̫ˣǵ˸ж٣ЩǶıɱһôչôܰɱίУô´У˵λй¶ǵķչˡ

һɱŭ

ʱһΣһ¹ȥ
һ죬һɽ䣬ɽ֮ڣ˼㣬֯żΪŨԣһ˫ۣУ貵֮һû
ˣ

ǳ˰ɣ
Ŷ
һЦȻ
˵ţվ
һµʱ䣬һֱڲˮ׼һǰǿ˲ֹ
죬˵չصһʱ䣬ƬˣһȺȺʿ嵽Ƭһ壬ƺƴĺܡ
һȻɽڣ£ȴ֪ġ
֮е¡ôΪһһδΰɱǵ˺ͽɣʵ̫ˣֻΪ֪һڣ޷йֻ֮ܽ񣬳һ˺ͽ֪һλڣôһȻͲܰ٣ʱڲܡ
ȷʵƵͷЩ̾ϢֻǿϧȥˣˣԺ񳯡˵ţ˦˦Դֱֱ죬ǺľâˣѾˣҪʲô


1147 ⶯
֮ǰνһڻԴʵǺܺ棬ʱأȻ̲סʵͬʱŶҲ졣
Ͼ֪ˡһЦ漴С̫Сһȥ򡣡
˵ţʶʮÿһĴݸСһ
ѽ
СһǵۼڣƶȻǺܼ򵥵£Ľצһӣʱһ⽻֯ѷ죬ֱͨ
ȥѷйʣ֯һɷǳ˺ͺ嫵ĿռϢ
ȥʲô
Źֵ
ȥˣ֪ܿ

䣬¿ѷڡ
ЩɣȴԥҲУתʧԭء
ڰתҰ漴һ̣һǰе΢⽻֯ռڣһɴ𶯣һ˴ȫ˦˳ȥʵϡ

һʱ䣬졣
ȥǰһƬĺһ紵һԶ˿ȥ
ǣĺƬĺصԵλáڣ죺СӣʲôȥҺ鷳˵ǰǶһԴϴһˡʱͺйԹϾ֣Ͼ飬޾ĵǿҪȥͬʱҲѣطЩ档
Ȼǡ

ѾϾĸ˺һػȻʱôȥһ鷳ʵ˵ĸ߶ȣѾԶԶһ߼Ĳʵ̫ˣӲȥֶԸԷ
Ϊʲô
Ӻ档
ߣϾ֪ˡ

ٶȵǲ죬źУһ̶λȥ
Ƭ֮ϣ࣬ЩʪϣҲ
ŶǰУúǰһȺʿѲƬӰʱ䶼ǳ˹ֳֳì
࣡ǵӲС㿿أ롭һʿɭȻһֹ̱ס˽ĻȺе죬ϵɭȻֱӱ˿־壬ķ𶶣㣬ô
ͬһʱ䣬طļʿҲϳ죬һԷ
֣֡
Щʿ£ȴ˵Ļ
ϾۻһһݷáƬļ壬ǺҲУǿսսǱݷáǼ壬һֱľ
Ϊ걻Ͼ顰ݷáĴ֮һǵ£ôĿ£ʱЩʿ죬־ķ
Сӣ㵱ƬʲôҵĴ£ô㣿
Ʋ졣
ŶҲЩ棬졣
ûʲôġ
Цŵ
ԱߣڣƬļЩԹȻСӹĻʣһһݷԹļ壬ϴǼ޾е̻ۣ˸˵ţɨ˼ʿһۣڵĺ壬ڵݷõĴܲô
Ŷԣ̲סһ죬ĻʣݷƬļ壿ңϴ˼޾е̻ۣ
⡭ôݣ
Ƶۡ
ĻʡݷáļȺֱǡŰ
ŶҲǳԾͬʱЩ棬˵ĻʣǾֻǵھϵʵ֮ңʵһϵˣ׼۾磬ʵˣͨʵǿ𡣡죬Щ죺㣬ʶ𣿡
һЦͷʶ
á
˵
ϵھʱѾ֪ϾһЩ¡
áãŶ죬죺㡭ʵˣһʣ˵ʮͷ֮һȻã죬ѵõЩˣ㣬˰һôᣬôġ磿
쾹Ȼʵ˵ĸ磬ǿŶҲЩˡ
УЩԭ򡣡
Цûһϸ˵
Ŷǲ죬͵Ƶ֪һʵЩסˡ
߰ɣ¡
Ц
ûطļʿƬһȥ
˸ϣŶȻԾ죬ȴҲûԥҲȥ
ܿ죬һ˱ʧԶ
ʿսս־岻ֱһʱԶһϺͼ϶亹
ôֳˡ
ȥôû֣ô
죡֪̫ͨϳǣ
ʿп־壬ʱλöȥҪһʱϱ¡

һ뿪ǰúһ˵ٵһ޵֮ϡ
ȥϣֲķǳŨףܹһ˵ϻص𶯳ա
죬ûʲôͣһһ·ǰУúһ޴Ͽǰŵ֯š
޹Ͽ
ɡ
׼ñһأų޹飬Ĵǿߡ
Щһ㣬ƺҲûʲôˡ
Ƶ
޹ϿһʿԺܿ£Ѿ߶ȣȻô⡣
߰ɡ

һ޹ϿֱǰУúĴɽǰ
ȥɽͬǾͷڴϣγһԲֲȴ϶ɿˣûʲô
ɽһ㣡
ŶΪʵĹϵ죬ʱôɽǲɵöݡ
ɽΧγ컯ش֣Ǻܲһ㡣
һЦ
˵ţǰ·ܿеһɽúɽһڿ󶴣ϢаͬͨڤĴһ㣬ԵЩˡ
󶴡СӣΪǸ
ʱɴۣȻ뵽ʲôиֳ˵⡣
ͷԡ
ǰ·ú֮£һһ޴ܶڣâƣž˵ܣ嫳̶ȣܻ֮Ҫ
ȥܶϿգһöֱһ׶Ĺ徲ţ·ǳһ㣬Ŀѣ
ǣ
ƴʧɫö岻ɵһоһֺ嫺Ϳ¡
ŶҲ𺳣¶ݡ
ȻΪеŨˣ̲סקצӣЩ죺Сӣܹöˣ˵ۻʾ˭˭𣿡
ʱѰҰ׼õ䣬췢ô飬ΪطľɽΧγɵ컯컯ܣƾʥ
ֻǣǸʱһΪ̫ˣⶫʱأʱԾΪöȻľⶫҪܹɹȡߣǾһ컯أֵˣ


1148 Ѫ
ⷽܶڵ飬н֯ԣӦȡˡȻûдﵽۻʾǶƿѾﵽһΪȡö飬Ӧÿõ
ģ
еĹŨԵЩ
ȡö飬ôһ˶ܵõĺô
ǵΪԶܴȽɼδ
˫۹âšö飬ֱȻֻһ׶̵࣬ȴǾ˵ĺܣʱվ·ֻǶһַǳļµĸо֮ΪԴȪԿ϶һ˵Ϊܴȵ
ҡͷ΢˫ۣ׼͸񳯡
ʲô
⻰ۡҪö飬͸񳯣
ԱߣŶһ棬졣
֮ǰ˵һڻԵĴ񣿾Ǻöйϵ
ʵ
ŶĻعҲ죬Сӣ˵ˣ͸񳯣㵽ڴʲôⰡͱˣ
ǣ˵
Ҳ
ŶܴϻۣҲɵȻĵĽľô͸񳯣ҪöΪԸ񳯡
ӭһĿ⣬Ҳ֮󣬻Ὣط컯ƸϣȻӡ޾ƣӡƴٰߣ󶪵񳯵ȥǵ帽
ʲô
ƶǲɵһŶҲǾĶһ¡
ǵΪԲףܹĲö̵жô񣬱һҪǿôһöӡƴĻһۻǿԻ٣ǸǺεȵĿֲ
⣬ġĹˡ
¡
ǽöӡƴȥһܹ̼佫ٸһɶһеۻʾľǿҲûκãѹƵסǵȿֲĻܹԱ
һʼŶ񳯵ڣڼƻ£
Ƶ
Ŷ˸֮ǰ⽫񳯵λɢȥ˾֪ʱΪȷһʧһڶʱڽɱ־ܵȫٻأȻö鶪£һ򾡣
죬ŶĿ⡣
ͷࡣ
Ŷ񳯵ڵأĿģΪ˻ٵһͬʱҲŶ˵ųλڣ˾֪ʵҪ˵һ֪λñ¶ºһʱٻɱֻ壬ңһʱɱִڣʱ佫öƴȥһһ򾡡
ƶһ˿Һ
ӡӻ

̫̫ˣ
Ƶۡ
ӵھϵĸݵѹǸ׼ۣŶڣٵ񳯵λй¶ȥ˾֪̣ûһǶ࣬һһֻΪһĺݻ
ʵүЩ⡭һҪˡ
˫۷Ź⡣
Ͻģ֣
קȭͷ
öӡƴпܽ񳯻ٵһ˼˷ܡ
һһ˵ͷֶŶͷ˿Щҡ
䣡
ʱ˵ʬϯͬһ㷭ֱӴĻ
ܶȱڴһͷʬ˹ͨ鲼źɫףͷзβȥĺܣǼͬĳǿۺһ𣬸һַǳ㤵ĸо
ǣۣôȥЩ죿
Ȼ죬һʱ쿴ͷʬʮǰʱͷʬͷǿػ飬ͷػзβ뿪ʱͷػںͷʬɱڿգͷʬһͷûбںͷػ壬ģ
ôһ˵үˣѹֿܾúϤ

ʬ嵽ⷽܶ˫Ѫ죬ʬ֯Եú
һˣŻɫȳҺͬζ漴һ̣ͺһƵϵʬֱһ
һʱ䣬ʬܶΪ֮ζ
׼ˣ
һ
죺ȥʮңʬеһͷǿһ
ʱʬƵŵϢЩ£ʵЩȡ
ںͷػ壬ͬʱҲԵľʬʬػʬںϣʱǿ˵ز

˵⻰ʱûоŲһǰӭͷ׼ۼʬ
Ķܼ򵥣ڣֱһȭǰ
һʱ䣬˵һƬܶռ
飡
ǿһȭֱӽͷʬ˳ȥĴŶĺѪ
ÿοñ̬ĺܣ
Ʒۡ

ɵʬХԵЩ̶ͨźѪøǵηĳɱȥһ˫ѪɫĹͫĹ
ߣͷʬľֱӽֻͼ󽫴Ҳںϣ۳ǿĴֻͼƺƵĳԷӭϡ
¡¡
ԴֻͼʬĶԷڽܣɫѪˮϵʡ
漴ȥӺֻͼ߶ޣʥĹâʬסͬʱҲһȽɫ𽫶Էû
ʱ۵һʬɫĴ׽ʬһȼա
㶨ˡ

׼ۼʬȻӾͽˣǹ̬
Ƶ
ͷʬȻܿ׼ۣ׼ʿȴҪһЩңһ϶ȫڹɱ

ˣ
ҲʱʬٻٵĵطѪâ֯ʹÿռ¡
ʱݣǸط漴һӣ֯ѪâĶץУһĴָСĹͷѪɫ֯ѪԣЩ䡣
ǣ
в졣
ʣѪʬϵĶҲˣдһ˿˿ȡΪԴֻͼʹǰ㹥ɱʬʬֶٵˣ˺ɫĻҽѪȴǱû˿
ԱߣŶȻǶע⵽һĻʱеѪǣȴһãȻı飬Ȼ֪ʲô


1149 ֮Դ
쿴еѪǣ˰Σȴɲ֪ʲô
ˣʱ
ҡҡͷǲûаѪǶ
ϾȻ֪ѪǾʲôǣ֮ǰĴֻͼʹ׶ûн֮ٵ˵ѪǷǳһ㣬дá
ʼɣ

ԶԶԣ
Ҳ
ȶѪǵĺ棬ʱǶǰöģΪҪƶö飬֮͸ΪԵĴͺܼ
ͷһ˵Сһ°һ˳ⷽܶ
ã
Ƶ˵ͷǶ˳ȥ
һ˳ⷽܶ΢΢һǿʼֱ֣תһŵӿͬǻ˹㣬ܡ
ʱתƣʼ׼컯ط
ˣ
˸΢⣬ӿܡ
طɽγ컯أγɾϷ֣ƶ˵һɽڣγһǧɱ֣ɱֵĺĵ㣬飬ⴥֱӾͻǣǧɱַ͵ۻ֮κˡ
ʱΪתޣСӿصףӽطǧɱڣ͸ǧɱⷽܶڵҪɱ磬ʱʱͲΪɱš
ʵϣֻǼ򵥵ƶ飬С̫ηطǧɱ֣ǣҪ򵥵ƶѣ֮ҪطΪӡƴͬʱҲ׼طǧɱֵһɱ֮Ҳӵöȥʱö齫ĻԴȪ
ʱСһ»ǵһԺطɱʧܣСһȫȫõıطǧɱˡ
ˣ
ȫȫתԽӿȻ˷
УվԭزƣɽӿֱɽÿһɽڵĺλãһƵ㣬ͬʱҲԼڵĴɽܶڿӡһƵ㣬ƽŸƵ໥
⣬ֻǳʼĵһһкӡأɽڵƵ㿪ʼŹ⣬â۳ߣžɽΧλӿȥ
һУ˿Ψʩȫ֪վڵܶڣȫȫתΪȹžʼά۷塣
ˣһۣչȥ
պһ죬ԱЩ԰ףͷкˮ¡
Ȼطǧɱַǳһ㣬ȻΪƽҲǷǳļѣķѵķǳ졣
΢΢³һ΢ֱӴʯȡƬ龧龧ڽűߣ̫ľתɿ龧֮侫
ǱеļѰСʵ׼۶ܻɱˣֻǸɱ֣Ȼ񲻹ãҪ龧䣬˺ˮ
ܶ⣬жݡ
ȷʵ
Ƶͷ
Ŷܶλõ죬Ҳ΢Щ졣
ܶڣͨɢŵƹ⣬ŵ£һƵɢȥûصףܣʼձŶ弶ǿʢâͬһʱ䣬µƿʼ𶯣ܵͬʱҲطܶϿգȦͬ֯һ㣬һȦȦĻⷽܶڣγһͼ
̺ܻתۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬µƽðЩӿٶҲ࣬󻺻ͣ漴ص³һֲͷϵܼˮ
ѽ
С̫վͷƫͷȻɱǲѾˡ
Ǻˡ
Ц
ǰʮʱ䣬ȡʮ龧侫һֱΪάǿ״̬ʱڽǧɱָϡ
ʮ찡طǱԤеĿ£

ʱ˵һμöʱΪʲôƾܴһ룬Ϊ龧侫񣬶Ǻķʮǿɱ֣ǵǴ飬Ǳɡ
ʲôʼӡƴȻ飿
ʵ
ͷڣȷܽһˡ
ʱûƵ˽ܶϾȻطǧɱ֣ȴûȫϣһ֣Ǵһķա
һһǰȡʮ龧ѷڽűߣ漴תһƵӶһΣЩƲûصףǿܶϿյöԱߣ󣬻С뵽ȥ
ˣ
ʱöһһޱȻܵʹնˡ
һܾȻ˿ռ䣬ǡ£
ܶ⣬Ƶۡ
ԱߣŶн֯âŶڡ
ܶڣƹøŨ쾫񣬽ŵӿû֮ڣ漴˫ٴַ̧գö֮ϿӡͬʱҲӡƴʹ鲻ͣ
ˣ
ƹܼһʱ䣬ܶȹâ
Уľķѵķǳ죬ǰ׼õ龧Ϊ֧Ų侫񣬵Ҳûʲô⣬Զʮ龧Ϊ֧ţʼս֧ˮ׼ƴ͸ƴûУö顣
Ȳܶĵر΢΢һ𣬽ŵ׸ӿȥʱ򣬿ʼǣطǧŴֵһɱϣ֮뵽ö֮ڡ
ʱ¡һطһɼΪ˵ӿʹɽΪ֮ζǿ˶ɵһԸоһɿֲ
ˣ
ܶڣâӾˣʮ
ϿӡƴҲƽطǧŴֵһ뵽ö֮ڣʹɢϢԽԽ£ңʼʹǱע˿㣬תۼ͵ֱɶࡣ
⣬ȴǻûнϿӡƴطǧɱָڣö齥͵ĸӾ޴
תһУȻ龧֧Ų侫񣬶ܼˮȻһʱľʼǴڸ߶ȼ״̬
ˣһۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬ܶĵ飬ֱһ׶࣬͵ֱʮɣϽһƵƣҲһƵɱ磬Ϣˡ
ˣ
쿪ڣ貾â漴ص³һ
ǰǰܹһµʱ䣬߲ݣöڿӡʮһٰʮƴͬʱطǧɱ˴󲿷ֵ֮ڣʹö黯˻ԴȪ


1150 Я
ԭֱֻһ׶飬ʮɵֱ֯ƺɱ磬ٲȻһ֮ԴǵȿֲϢʹضڲ
⣬ǡ
˿Һ
ԱߣҲǵɴۣŶ壬Ŀľɫ
ʱ͵ֱʮɣֻǿţ͸һ־޴𺳸У֯ŵĻԲľͬĸԴ㡣
СӡҪôƶ
ʵ
һ̣öЩ£ܷʯлʶУҪƶԵЩ鷳ˣֱܲ뿪ɣҲ̫ˡ
ôһ˵ŶҲ죬ȷʵһȽ鷳⡣
ӭһ쵭һЦõġ˵ţͷС̫СһӦԼСɣС硣
С̫ǴڵۻʾΣεĴڣԼС硣
ôһ˵ŶƶǲɵС̫ǰһ
ǸˣСһӦһƬԼС磬Ӧܳ

С̫Ӧֱӳſһռѷ죬һƬޱȿտĿռ䣬δٵĻشֻеɫ㽻֯š
춢Ƭռ䣬ЩݡʣСһС磬ȥȻܿտܿհףȴоһɾ޴ĺ嫸Уǿһ㡣
СʲôҲûУǡүôľĸо
Ծ
⡭ҲС
Ƶ
ŶҲŵͷЩɫҲǡ
쿴һС̫һЦСһ̫ˡ
ˣ
С̫С磬ȱڱô࣬ⷽܶڵֶ£ʹطĿռ΢΢Щڹȥȫ֮˽ȥ
漴͵һСһｫСֱպϡ
ѽ
Сһ죬ģƵĽ
һЦСһԴ
£ǲǻصھˣȻ󣬽ö飬񳯵ȥ
˫۷Ź⡣
ͷǹһĨЦһжѾ׼ȥˡ
Сһȥھ죬λá
С̫
С̫ӦСצһʱһ޴ѷ졣
͸ѷ죬Ŀմѷ֮ĵھĳɽΡ룬ϢȻǵھı
ߡ
ŶƵ뵽ǰѷ졣
ŶȻԥҲſУգʧԭء
֮󣬾Ƭ̵ĺڰһǰֵ²ȵʵϡ

ϯдŵʪ͵ܲȴǷǳŨ
߳գƬλãн֯˿˿Ƶâ
ߡ
˵ȳű߶ȥ
٣
ЦǼȥ
ŶȻҲɣҲȥ
һΪǺǿٶȷǳ죬ңΪС̫Ŀѷλãⱱ߲̫Զԣһʱ䣬һ˱ʹﵽ˱ߵıλá
ǣ
һȺ
ң
ֻ֪ڰй
ùĶ
ȥǰɱأ֮ϣԭıѾ״ˣˮѾױѪˮȾ죬ʿطϴų޺ŭ𣬶ڳ֮ºһͨҪǮ¶ʹñڡ
Ȼȴûʲôãĳ񳯵ʿܶ࣬ǿȴûУǿҲֻǴ񳯶ԣ𲻵һ˿һвѹˮ
෴֮£һѪɫⲻϳն񷣬ʹÿ뵽طʿһըһ߾ʬڱĺ棬ѪζŨĴ̱ǡ
ǣ
Աײ𣬴Ŵ̹ǵĺ⡣
һʱ䣬֮ڶܼѪԱײնʿ
ֻǣȴûη壬˵ж˳֮⣬Ѫ˿
ǣһȺͷڹֹ꣡
˺
ǻڰеĳ棬ôܳ˹ͻ

һȺ
Ц̡
Щˣ֪Լκβ񳯣ǣΪ׵˱ɱеŭ۵̫ˣáԼ
ɱ
۴ӱײ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
汻նƣܼâ𣬽ɭȻ̹ǵɱ⣬ᴩһʿ
ײ񳯵⣬Ʋƣס壬һļ׼ۼڵһϣű֮ϵʿһʿáɫԵһƬ࣬ޱק˫ȭ
ΪھľŸ֮һɱΪĴУ񳯴޾£ʵǿĺܣɱЩʿ˿Ҳ⣬ѹǣЩһıƵǰáȻܻе
Ǹ죡
һɱҧгݣ۵ɱ⣬޲̽ϳʬΡ
죬񳯺ڱģȻһһʿƵǰң¶λãպָõΣÿһίУͱɱ˵Ƶǽж⣿֮λ𣿿ǣ֮ô˵ͻ
һʱ䣬һɱޱȣʹ죬Ķˡ
ɱҺݺݵɱ
˶ű֮ŭ
ʱɱڶĳϿա
漴۵ģںá񳯵ʿգۼ˴Ƭ
⡭
а̫ǿˣЩˣôǶ֡
ǰȫ
Ե⼫ԶҲվʿűλã˽СšЩ˼ǰ˵񳯵λã֪񳯵˻ɻɱԣܵط֡
ʱЩʿűλ÷Щʿǣһʿӱ³Ѫնķǲɵ̾ϧҡͷ
ҲʱһЩʿڸпҡͷĹУɫһҰƳ˼Ӱڻűλȥ
ǣǣ֣֣֡
ʧɫָǰ촽ˡ
죿
Ա˽г
һʱ䣬طʱһȻ˶˳ŽгʿҰͬһλȥһԴ󾪡
棬գһűжȥͷſС̫߸ŶǸһԡ
桭Ǹ죡
ҳڣ˾֪ڡȻҲˣ
ˣ
˵ôҳڵģǰôҵ񳯵һɱݵģЩôģ
Ҫʲô
ȵȣ񳯵尡ƣеۻʾصɱɱôǿߣٵôݵ㣬ҳһλй¶£Ķˣôôʱ洳Ϊʲôô󵨣ͷСɱۻˣǣۻʾľǿߣȴҲǲ༫ˣ⵽ǡ
ʿ󾪡
ٲȻѾǳΪھս£ֶγȺŵۻʼСޣʿѾǶ֮ηмӡʱЩ˼ҳλҽ֮й¶֪µ˳һǴ󺧣һ𾪣ֱֱĶ졣ͬʱУҲд󲿷ʿڶͷС̫˶ǲɵҺ
նУΪΪǿȻ׽ЩʿĿ⣬ϵıȴûκα仯űУеĺλãн֯ŵ΢⣬ƽĳǰȥ
񳯵λ뾡뿪
˵


1151 Ʒ
̫ǣȴһ˲㴫Ͽա
λϿգһ޵ĺʿƫͷȥһһ
֡졭
˳
ЩۺڵƬһʿǲɵͣ졣Щ͸񳯵˶ԣѰλø֪£ʹ֪ǴĵЩмΪʹǳŭܹԷйܣ˶κβ񳯣嵽ǣɸл졣
ΪΪʲôҪ뿪ǣǡ
ҧкŨű֮¡
ҲҪһ
Ψһĺţʮǰһ֣֮ʵ
Ȼһ䣬ҲðˣҲҪѪȾƬ
ʿ˫ĿѪ졣
쿴ЩˣܹᵽЩ˵飬ȴûʲô
һ˺ް
Աߣ˵
ϻĺڰ֯ɱ˶ĲɱЩˣһûκζԹûκĦˣмĳܹܲ˺ޣ
Ц
ʱ򣬷ڵıƽһ˲ɱٳ
漴һɱŭĺХԱײ
죡
һɭȻĵıһηڡ
Ȼʱ򣬱֮£񳯵һڴҲǷ졣
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶Ľ𶯳գܼѪһγ𣬳Ʊ棬ն졣
һεЩѪ֮ǰƵЩͨʿѪҲ֪˶ٱʼһŤ˿ռ䣬ն졣
·ûʲôǳƽ
ˣ
ƽ죬ɫͼת۸֣ŵޱȾ޴ӭܼѪϡ
ʱ͵ģӱײܼѪȫʧӰ١
һʱ䣬ԵԶǰֵˣ䶼Ǳɫ
⡭
ôĿɱô򵥾ȫѹˣ
áǿ̫ǿˣ
ЩʿȻ
ͬһʱ䣬ϿգһʿҲһ֮ǰײҲǲѪ˭ҲסڣԸܼӿµɱȻһֻ־͸ȫѹˣĥɱʵЩĲ
ű£ٴοڣ񳯵λ뿪
ڶ˵Ļطһʿһζݡ
ʲô˼
в񳯵뿪Ϊʲô
⡭
ԵԶ࿴ֵʿ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬λϿգ񳯱ǿʿҡͷ
ߣ
ǿܻǿûκãǣߣҲҪһˣ뷨޴
Щҧ׵˱ɱǶ񳯵ĺʵ̫Ũˡ
ɨЩˣٶ˵ʲô̫ľ𶯣ɫѪƵһ͵Ĵϵ
飡
飡
飡
һƿƬλãж񳯴мĲԸ뿪ˣȫ͵ƬϿգڼԶĵϡ
֮ҪطǿſƴĻ飬ЩʿϿգܻᱻϯУһ뵽Уضֻ·һʱ򣬼ȻЩ˲ԸߣֻЩɡ
⣬ǣʲôô
ԵԶΧ۵ʿԲ⡣
ڱλϿգȻЩʿܹоЩ˵ĲĿ⣬ȴûа⡣
Ҳ뿪ԶһЩ
ŶƵ
Ŷ֪ҪʲôûаɣԶ
תۼ䣬ϿգֻʣС̫
λ棡ͬʱɱɱɱɱ
ڣײŭ֮
ʱϵĽ죬֮ǰӿֲѪмдŵѪȻа벽ۻʺ׼ۼǿں󽣡
ߣֻͼƵں϶ϣγǿĴֻͼ·ӭȥͬʱҲչӡѹϣ֮ͬǰ㣬ѹеɱ⡣
ͬʱ·ı棬С̫СһƿƬ򣡡
ѽ
С̫Ӧ˫һ𣬶ʱ䣬ɫϢĳ֣ͬ񱩵ӿƬʹƬ¡¡һƬƬ޴ĺ˹ıգۼֿߣ¶·һƬɫ
ȥԿõƬڵ֮⣬һƵƽ֯ţƬڵУ֯һƾ˵ĺ⣬ǵһ㡣ͬʱʱƬĵУӰźۣŻۣźڼףһѪ϶ǽž˵ɱ⡣
ǲ¹Ǽ⡣
վڱϿգڵһɱ֣ԵһƬ䵭
⡭
˲ƿ˱ǣͷСޡ
̫̫ˣ
ԵԶһڹս߿ͷС̫һĲ֮ǰ֪С̫ǳ£ɱۻǿߣʱۼС̫֣һƿıЩʿЩȻ
ͬʱЩʿű֮µĴƬɫΪ֮𾪣˷
⡭񳯵壡ԭԭӡ
áŨҵɱ
⡭
ļ¡
һ˲䣬峹ױ¶ٱĺˮǣطʿǿһݣ˶ǲɵ˺ü
죡
֮£ŭ
һ׼ۼĴվһ޴ĵ֮ϣĶ졣
쿴⼸ˣǷ̺ЦҴǵп˳ޣɱһͽٵһӾݵ㣬նɱǵӣǵ汻СһǺң˵ǣкҵʸ𣿡
ĺԶʹñԵԶһʿǲɵһͽӾݵ㣿ӣۼҲܣʵ̫ˣ
񳯵ڣһһɱָŭɭȻĶ죬һɱ׼۴ˡһ̣֪ԵС̫ǳ£ɱۻǿߣѾǳɱȥˡ
ߣ
ʱһӰϢ֡
Ӱһʱ䣬ĵӿط񷶼¡
棡
񳯵ɱ׼۴һͽһϲд
ͬʱԵԶһʿǱɫ̲סһ
ۻʾ죡
ϱʿ


1152 
ڣӰ߳ΪߣһźۣһѪۣ⽻֯ſµĵŵۻʾˮ׼ıһʿɫ䣬ʿͷϲɵֱ亹̲ס˼
⣬⡭
һʿļ¡
ۻʾ˺£֮٣񳯣ȴȴڡ
Զ΢΢˫ۣȻ򵥣
ҲǵͷΪ񳯵ǿʵľ漴ɭɭһЦһ֮Ļ棬һԵøӺÿҺڴϼһһɱ֮ı仯
վڱλõϿգ¿߳ۻʣһʱоǿѹɫȴǺη塣
ѽ
С̫վͷϣ·񳯵ۻʾǿߣһ
ڣۻʿС̫΢΢һݣȻоСһĲһ㡣һ̣˵ĿǱϣһ˿ڵ㻹ܶЩʱգϧ̫ˡ
켶ĵۻʲŶ춯֣ĿԵ䣬
ţһԣ˭ҺȣǿǺųֻҪۣ˭ɱ
̡
ڣһɱԣɭĶ졣죬ڳǡ
ͬһʱ䣬һʿ̲סӡ죬񳯵ۻʾǿʱȻûаɵı飬ۻʾ񳯣ʵЩʿоЩļ£ɵ΢΢һ¡
߾ͷصСڣӦҲǵסۻʾǿߵİɣôˣ
Һǲ⡣
ڣۻʾǿĿ䣬ķ̲ô⣬ûаҲʱϿգռŤһƵѪâƶͬʱҲдŵĵ
ǣ
˱ϵռ䣿
죬׷סˣ
ǿ߶ݣʱǸоϿյĿռ䱻һɷǳǿˣ񳯵켶ĵۻڶ֣ѹƬء
ϣտ㻹Ӷݣ
ڣд
ʱһɱ֣֪һڶ֣Ƭռ䡣һڵۻʾΪһѹƬռ䣬ǾͽǾԵķӡǵۻʰҲӶݳȥ
վڱϿգȻǲ£ȴûʲô仯
ĿûƶƬռ䱻º⣬Ŀ񳯵켶ۻʡ
񳯵켶ĵۻʿ죬䣬Ŀ⣬
Ϸ֪ҳ񳯵ڣǰʵĵҳʩΪУ۵ɱۿ쿪ڣ漴ҡͷӦãûǵȳ̶ȵĵͨĵۻʶûС죬صϣô㾿֪񳯵ء
ǰʵĵƿƷɱʱоԭΪǺйأʱ죬˷뷨ǵȳ̶ȵĵԲܹ߱
˵
Ѫɱۿ죬ĮͬǾڶԼĳ´һ㡣
ͬʱڣһһɱһ̶ֱֱĶ졣һķƣظˣÿһʱµɱ۶ȷƽƣʹ֮øǿǵۻʾˣҲ޷ҵǲףҳһλõġ
쿴һۻʣɨһһɱ֣ûбҪ֪
Ͽգƽͬء
̬ʹһɱĿһɱʮ㡣
ɱۺѪɱ۵ıȴǲ䣬Ŀ䡣
ûϵͲϣԭɡ
ѹԼ
˵
Ż䣬ڿն䣬ȻҪ춯ˡ
һʱ䣬طռ䶼ۻʾ켶ܣµˡ
ûηͼɵ΢΢һ¶һĨЦ
ô˳𡣡
˵
䣬΢΢ƶĿ⣬ͷС̫
С̫ͨȻ˼ԼС磬һ޴մѷ죬ŵɫӣеų
ֱʮɣͨ彻ƺ͵ɱƣͬһСǳͷ֯źǿյܲͬʱҲһ˵ĻϢ
ʱط˽Ǳɫ
ǡǣ
һʿļ£һ̶ǸоͷöĿ£һ
񳯵ۻʾǿֱֹס˽Ųʱɫ͵һ䡣
㡭
ö޴飬ǿۻʾصǿߣһҲов
ͬʱһڣһϵĴһͽҲǺݺһ
Ͽգž޴飬ۻʣڵһɱ֡
Ϊһʲô׼ûоʹֻ棿
˵
ڣһɱһ֮ǰΪɱۺѪɱۻʾǿ߳ĶıĿ⣬һ̣ȫǻ˾塣
ʲô
ɱ۵ͳ
ԱߣѪɱҲǷͳ㲻Ҫ
ڱλϿգ·ɱۣ˵Ļδšɨˣɨӹһɱ֣΢΢˫ۣҺķʱΪ׼һھ񣬲ÿĵ°ɡ
˵ţһͷʱһѹ¡
һɲǣƬռݺһѹ£һǷˡ
⣬⣬⡭
Ȼ׼ȶѰģ
ˣˣԲ
⣬һʿ󺧣ԶӶȥһ¶ֻŵı飬ʵöɢϢ̫ˣֱһĻ֮Դ
Ĵͳˣ
ԶЦ
ԱߣŶʱѹ壬н֯â
һΪطʲôģԣ֮ǰһ뿪˱⼫Զʱһܰȫλϣûκεƶ
¡¡
̶Ť飬µĴƺҪƬѹ
񳯵ɱҧŭ𣬵ۻʾ켶ȫһ̳ѹµӭȥö鳯Լһȥ
Ȼ˺ܿ춯ݣΪȻ޷ڵһʱסѹ֮ƣǺۻȴǱöѹĻ׹
⡭ô᣿
λ棬ס
ⲻܣ
ڣһɱ־֡öһ£ǣɾͶˣ
¡¡黺ѹ䡣

ֹס
ɱҧһ̴𣬵ۻʾΪ߶£ĵӿϿɴãסѹ֮ơ
ˣ
ڣɱֶһڴ
ҲʱһЦͬٻըɡ


1153 
ЦдƮڱϿգͬʱС̫ڵһʱԶ룬ϲϵĵط漴һֱ̣ʮɵ飬ƺɱ֯ŵĻϢ˲俪ʼ͡
񳯵ɱۣɫٴδ䡣
ڣһɱǾֲѣз󣬿죡
䣬˺һһӡһƷ̼ȫ𣬷һһС
Ҳʱѹµ飬΢΢һ
䣡
𶯴磬һֱ̣ʮɵ飬ըâʮ
ö飬ӡʮ󣬼һٰʮƴǧɱֵȻɱ磬ըͬǴӵڳϯʮ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ܼĹâУԿѪһըǣȴҽ
¡
һ̿ʼڣͬܵΪȵ̫ķգˮԴʼֻѣ嫵ıˮԴһ롣
񱩵쫷һϯϰ˻ĵдƬƬձ顣
ģ⣬Χ۵һʿѾ˳˼Զȴܵ쫷Ӱ죬ʿɲǼ䱻Ʒ˳ȥȥԶ
⣬⣬⡭
һʿңңĶűģ
Ұһжڱ飬һжܸܵģֻл
䣡
ҵĺ쳹ʮڣ֮ӿ涼ڲ顣
ǧŴ飬ӡʮһٰʮƴǧɱֵĴ󲿷ɱƺը൱һۻ۷ǿԻ٣ǵƵֲ̫ˣǵȳĩհ㡣



ռһı飬һĳݣˮԴһƬƬļ
ˣֱȥʮһвƽϢ̳͹ڱܣдŻϢĵ绡ž죬漴̳͹Ҳǻɢ
ȥˮԴ˴룬׳˲֪٣Ѿйҽðڶ񳯵壬ѾȫӰʧһɶ
ԶŶվһ𣬸˸
Ŀ£
۵
Ļ񣡡
קȭͷ
Ԥ⵽öĿֲȳ𺳡
ͬһʱ䣬һʿ
⣬⡭
񳯵壬ˣ
١ٵˣ
ټı룬״̮ҽҰУ񳯵ȫˣһʬ壬ЩʿһĺȻ
֮ǰ嵽ЩϿյʿ£һ𺳣漴ֶǼͿϲ
ˣ⹷յһˣ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ڱˣ
Щʿ׵˱񳯲к񳯵ĺޱŨң񳯵ȫˣȻѾеһɱ֣Ҳ֮ǰĻʧЩˣܲ˷ܣ
УһЩʿ񷣬漴ӰԲ½䡣
죡죡
˴
ȻǼ͸мĺХ
ҳ񳯵й¶ʹ֪Яٵ壬Щ͸񳯵˵ٲȻǴһ
Բ񷼫ߴ䣬·ĲƱ˫΢ţɨܡ
ȣ
ɿȴײرƿɿݵӰվ𣬻ѪȻ񳯵켶ɱۡ
ǣ
ɱۣţ
⡭
ʿֶǱһ䡣
ԶЦǵۻʾˣȻûô
ײ񳯵ĺɱۺѪɱܣһǷȥԼһѾȫʧˣͽȫʧƴһ𱻻١ط񳯣ֻʣˡ

̧ͷŲϵ죬ŤˣҲһʼʱ񳯣ôƾõ£ǿƣԴ಻ʤʮĴ֮һȴȻһһʿУеһУȫûˣֻʣ˴

Ƕ죬ݵķ𣬳ɱȥеƵ
ģܿռ飬ɱ֮š
ӭ˳ǵȿµĵԼסǣȴûаɵܵ˼ûУҺĻȻ£ȴ͵˵ۻʾˣȴҲû뵽̶ֳܵȵĲǾȻôǿս棬ʱ˿ȵۻ˲ˣ¶Цֻǣôƾڵǣʲôκεң
䣬ͷС̫ѽĽ˫һ𣬶ʱ䵴쫷硣
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮɽɱۺѪɱͬʱɣǱߵ
ɱ۴ڵۻʾ죬ȫʢʱһС̫Ҳδмܵסǣʱ򣬳öĻԴ˵ʵ̫࣬ҲͿȵۻΡˣסС̫Ĺơ
⡭
⣬һʿһĻһ
񳯵켶ɱۣ񣬾Ȼô³

ŭ𣬱ײɱۺѪɱ޸Ƶ
С̫˾ŭ죬˸ɱâޱȵĶ
ң쿴ˣһЦкҵʸ˭һδεңͽɻˣɴŷ̵Цǣ˵Ƿйʮ˵еΪǵĻ𣬻ƽкãڣ˯Цѡ
ٵĺãȺ͸ûˣ
һȺң
Ķ
񳯣һȺӽ֣
ĳ󣬲ʲôϣֻǿ
Զ񳯵һʿӦĻ񳯡
񳯵ɱ۾ŭŤɱ⾪ꡣ
ôˣ񳯣һȺңĶ֣ĳ󣬻ֻǿĴڵľۺϡ
쿴ɱۣЦ
صɱ۶죬ק˫ȭеɱŨҵ㣬ޱȣһȴûٳȥʱ˶ǺԼǰ״̬ܴ̫أʵסͷС̫
ɱ㣡
ɱҧ˱Ѫɱһ˺նߡ
Դˣ˿Ҳ⣬κɴŷ̵Ц
漴һ̣ռ飬ɱۺѪɱͬʱˤ
ɫһ䣬죺ʲô


1154 
񳯵ɱ۶죬ɫԵúܲÿǸղԵۼΪ߶׼뿪׼ȴָƺɱС̫ȴʧˣŸո뵽Уͱһɿµ˳
쿴ˣĮһЦǺһ𣬷Ŀռѡ
öȻܿ£ȴһɱۻʾĴڣֻȴشԣΪ˷ֹ񳯵ɱӶ뿪鳹ըƽϢôһ˿ʱͰдС̫Сһǿطȫסˣֶͨθ޷ƿ
㡭
񳯵ɱɫӲÿҧͷС̫
Ȼ˷ǳĿռֻǱС̫죬ΪΪµķ֮Բסۻʼڡ
㰡ˣǻһԼӦôɡڲϸˣϹЦǾãڵǣܹ𣿡
⻰˼ޱԣ񳯵ɱȻ᲻Ǻ⡣
ķȥ
У۵ɱҧ
Ѫ۵ɱ۵ͷͺɱһ֣𶯳Ѫɫɱ⣬иĿռҪȷȥⲻΪǵСǺµǲС̫Ķ֣濹ֻΨдķԼٶһ·ߡ
ߣ
ЦͷС̫
Сһ˼˫һ𣬶ʱ䣬ɫϯʮƺƵѹɱۺѪɱۡ
ɫЩ£ʥ֮·ˢؼһУĺɱۺѪɱнԱɫֹͣطĿռòڳӦԡ
䣡
䣡
ǿѪâƵûɫ⣬֯˵ĵ
Сһɫײһ𣬶ʱ䱬Ļ֮⡣
ܿ죬ɫⱻɱۺѪɱ΢΢һΣ
ѽ
С̫˫һܼɫӿѹɱۡ
ͬһʱ䣬Сһļͷи˵ɫƵ
䣡
ɫ⽻֯һƬɫǺӶ£Ƭռиˡ
ɱۺѪɱͬʱɫԵǰ״̬ȫ֣һִɱ
ֻǣʱСһһЩɫԵЩ£ڵǰشֻ߱ۻʵĺɱۺѪɱ۶ԣԳ˿ԵֵķΧգۼ˼һִɱϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ɱ۵ĵըѪˮա
ʱ䣬ʿԶݡ
񳯵ɱۣȻꡭȫסͷСޣ
ڵˣ۷״̬ˣղţö顭
Ȼ˶شʵǷǳ£ںͷС޶սȴȫ·ͷСޣǣáǿ
Щʿ֮ǰС̫ĨɱۻǿߵľӻѾ֪С̫ǳǿ󣬵ʱۼȴ̲ס𺳣ϾĿãʹӱ˴ʶӻм߼ĸܣ໹Ƿǳ޴ġ
ɱɱǣ
г񳯵˴ק˫ȭĶưܲıϿա
ɱۺѪɱ۵ĵ飬ʱ䶯ʼ顣
¡¡ģߵĵ𶯣תۼ۳µĵۻ

˶С̫죬ɫѿĿ
Ŀ⣬˿Ҳ⣬˵Ѿϰˡ
ǸǸ
ڲ񷼫ߴͬ㸩ۻʣĿ⵭Įпᡣ
䣬С̫ٴζˣһ˫ֱͷ鸡ֶɻˣ䣬ȸǽ֯ſµĲͬʵһ㡣
䣡
ͷһռ𶯣ʮռ䶼Ϊ֮ҡ
漴һ̣ͷͬתۼ佫ɱ۸С
ɱ۵һʱовܿ⣬𶯳ɱ⡣
ֻǣɱ˲ǱͷӰٵˣ󣬺ɱͷӰĸУ۵һֱըһ
ˣһۻʾɱۣ
ʿ
ԶЩĵطŶվһȻЦԤеĽ֣öشֻеۻʵεסСһ
Ͽգɨۺɱ۱ĵطһѪɱۡ
Ҳȥһˡ
˵
⻰£С̫ĽһγӰ
պ¡¡죬Ӱͬʵŵһ㣬ƺƵѹѪɱۣԷһɱ󣬽֮С

һҽѪɱ۵ĵۻ徶ֱըҲһС



1155 
ٵˣѪƮڿУƬʿǱסˣֱȥʮط˳
ˣ׻ˣڻˣ
к͸񳯵˿ЦЦЦţᶼ岻סĲ
ٵ壬ٵ񳯳ȴɱۺѪɱˣ漴С̫ĨɱɱۺѪɱۣϵĻˣγ֮ʮû񳯡
ڴˣЩʼճһǣܹ˷ܣܹ
ͬһʱ䣬һʿ΢΢¡
ɱۣͣô
񳯣ûˡ
סˡ
ʿŲƵıϿգ죬С̫ðź
һߣŶվһСӣû˭кý˵ţָпټ񳯣ôٵˣǡȻ֪ƻ֪һΰٷְٵܻԴѣʱ򣬵ı٣̲סԾ

Ƶ
ԱߣŶűϣȻҲǳԾзһ˿˿ʡ
ˮԴΪըԭѾ˴룬ײƲȵҽӿĺ׵Ĳյ죬طˡ
ϣ찲վţС̫Զ˫ܿ·˻
ѽ
СһĽļϡ
Сһ
Цſ
˵ţɨ۲ƲıתŶȥ
ƶܣһʿס˺Ŀƶƶ
ܿ죬Ŷߡ
߰ɡ
ŶЦ
ʱѾױ٣ûбҪˡ
ߡ
ͷ
£һ˽ڿն𣬳Զȥ
һʿĿ뿪ıӰֱһ˳ʧʡ
⣬ǡ
˶£
ܿ죬طһУתۼ䴫漴ھ
ʲô
Ǹ񳯡ˣǸٵˣˡȫ𣿣
⡭
ھٴδ
һΣǱκһζҪľңΪοɲǼ򵥵Ļٵݵ㣬ɱʥӺ׼ô򵥣һΣǻٵһС
ǿ񳯣޾£ʮľŸ֮һ޾ȻǸУһʱʿˣ
ʿ㤡
һգ޾£ĵȻޱȾˣôһȻȴôˣ£̫ˡ
ֻǣжôˣȴʵһӻ˴һʿԵٱĿһư֮ĿĲ
ö飬ôŪģǵȻֱǡۻˣҲǿ±ըɣ
˿˱˴쵱ʱǣľӻֱֱĵ
ö飬ʵֲ̫ˡ
ͷСޣҲǿĹ֣عҲеۻصʵɣ
ɱ벽ۻʣݵ㣬նʥ׼ۣ񳯣⣬ˡ
£
ʿ
ͬһʱ䣬ھһʿٵ񳯵ͬʱҲֽкá
ٵĺã
֯Ǹˣٵ˵Ϊ³һڴ񡣡

ʿۡ
ͬʱƬڣԹڴʥ̵ȼڵ֪ºӳĬˡ¶ص񳯣ǱѰںֱӻٵʹ⼸оһ⡣һ£öǵ壬ֵΣʣǵȻǿС̫κһᱻ١
⼸һľУ󣬶ɱǱøŨ
ɱһҪٵ
⼸ڣһĴǣ˽һģһ
ʱѾֻΪϵžʹףΪɱǵʥӺͼ׼۶ŭǸев
в
ʱܹŪôһö񳯻ٵ˵úŪڶöǸʱǾΣˣпܲ񳯵ĺ󳾡£ֻоĽĨɱǲġ
һ죬ھǰδеķڣһ졣
죬ˣֱǣһ漣
ϱǿ߸п

ʱһΣչȥ
ʱһּСϣС޺ʱ
Сӣ㶼Ϊһ漣˰
죬ĵЩŲ
뿪֮ЩǶһЩɽڣȴǷǳ֪ô졣
бһۣԵŶЦΣܹ׻ٵ񳯣ҪǶŶæȫ˵ʵһΣûŶλãֶγȴҲûĵط
ֻ˵΢С¶ѣҪǿԼС̫ŶЦҡͷ˶٣ֿǸˣ뿪¡
뿪ʲô𣿡
ʵ
ԱߣҲŶ
ŶҡͷЦŵûʲôر£Ѿȥʱ䣬ȥʦ⣬֮ǰ֮ص˼ҩ뽫֮ȥʦЩΪʿ˸£Ѫĵĺأ֮ʱ˶˼ҩ֮ܣ̻֮ܣǿѪ֮ܣ뽫֮ȥʦӣܹʦѪԴȵڵǿһЩ
ȻҪȥ𣿡
ãҲȥʲôΣյĵطҪǣһʦһʱ䣬ϾʦһȥǻᵢǺܶʱ䡣
ŶϴЦ
룬ͷУһ·Сġ
˵ţС̫ΪŶֱͨŻĿŶв漴ŻɢջĿ⡣
ʲô
ʵ
ȻΪ
˵
ȻѾܹնɱ׼ۣԵۻʼǿߣȴǲ̫ԶһսûзҪŬΪøǿ
úñչһΰɣү֪Ƭһʺϱչصĵط
ͷС
£·һڿն𣬳Ƭλöȥ˵Ǹطһ׵ȴǳεĵطżȻ֡
һٶȺܿ죬գת۾ͳűλÿɵλá
ʱƬĶλãһͨԼһ˵ʱʹһ붯ݡ


1156 ʥҩ
貣·һͷʱ˰㣬ʹ˽¶ݣĶǸȥ죬ʱǵķвɵһƵľâ֯˳
ղǡ
΢΢üǲһɷǳ˵
ҩ㣬ǳĴ⣬ҩķ롣
ѵǣʥҩ
лһĨ⡣
ʥҩ޾и־Ч˵һǡʮأʥҩΪҩ䣬ҩڱʥҩļأŵʥҩĳЩص㣬͵ǰ
ı·ȥƬĶϷ򡣡
Ƶ
ʥҩӵʮص֮ܣȻǶԵۻʼǿ߶ԣҲ䣬ʹȴڴͷ­ȥᣬȻˣȻܴϾ൱ʮԪɱһȱ챦Ҫмֵʮ
ңƿҩҩֻҪȡʥҩǿ֮ҩЧ޶ȵķӣɶöʥÿһöʥʮ꣬൱ǽʥҩֱӷ屶
ͬʱʥҩܣ֮ԼһЩвۻʼǿߵɱ
ǲʲô

ԱߣҲ졣
ûԼ֪Ĺʥҩ¼򵥵˵¡
ʱ䣬һһǴ󾪣ֱۡ
ߣϸϹȥ
е
̶
Ƹ͡
ʿԣʲôҪʲô󣿺ʣԪһʮصʥҩǰ֣֮ͨԽ֮屶Чöʮصʥһһôܻԥ˫۶
ͷߡ
£һת䷽򣬽ǽٶȷŵĺܿ죬űλóȥ
Ϊһ˵ΪԺǿᣬǴ죬ԣڿ⽫ٶȷŵĺܿʱǾȻǷǳ죬ټλþĵط̫ңԶԣֻǹȥʱѣһ˱ʹﵽƬ
ȥǰһƬ嫵ɽɽһһеĵط˴ֲˣеĵطȴǹͺͺģûаԵЩìܡԿĽһЩƬɽڽ֯зǳŨİɽһ㡣
СӣҿǶʲôط
ʱһ˾ƬɽԵԶλã
еĽâƣǿɢƬ̺΢΢üͷ
Ҳǹҩ㣬ʱˡ
˵
֮ǰĵطʾʱǵڲ˷ǳǳ˵ҩ㣬ҵȴǸоǵҩζˡ
ɻƵԶܲôˣ
ԭܶ࣬ǸʱǶǡɢ˺ǿҵϢҲˣڣȻ£ƽռǰ㣬û֮ǰôǿҵҩϢǣܾĽˣȴǸӦǶҩϢ

ԣɵö˵ͷȷʵǺпܡ
ǣô
ʵ
Ƚɽ֮ǰǵĴ·ΧһǵãƬΧѰҡ
н֯âǰɽ
Уģ
Ƶͷ
£һǰɽȥ
ʵϣʱΪ֮ǰǵԭ⸽һʿѾ˸Ѿ˽ɽ֮ڣȻͬǰ㣬ǵ֯ŵľҩ㣬֪˲õ
ģʥҩɣ
ģ˵ҩ㣬Ұ͹żصĹʥҩһЩǳƣԾʥҩɣ
˵ϻϽɽѰңѾкܶ˽ȥˣ
ɽ⣬߸ʿӶУȻǺѣʱСۣգûɽڡ
ͬʱиʿڸҲǰɽڳ壬žâ
ǡ
ҲʱɽԵ˿ɽڿȥˣʱɫ
Աߣ˻ͬ飬˵ı飬һ˳˵Ŀɻȥ漴£Ҳǲɵñɫ֡죿
Ϊžȣӵɲᣬʹøһʿˣһǲƫͷ˳ŻӵĿȥһһ
桭ǸˣҲ
ʿļ¡
ǰЯһŻԵ飬񳯻ٵս޾µĶֱӴﵽһߵ㣬½ԾʱЩʿطοܻ᲻Ĳɵöӡ
ˣ
ҪɽҲΪ֮ǰǵͻȻ
·
һЩǰʿ͵һ£æ·
ǽ֯ˣЩͨʿηĺܡ
쳯ǰɽȥȻܲЩʿĺ£ȴǲûʲô仯Ѿϰˡ
ܿ죬Լһ뵽ɽ֮ڣɽλöȥ
ǵã֮ǰǵĵط¾ǴƬɽ
ɽڣľһ꣬ЩǷ֯ŵҲǷǳŨͬʱʱʱž˵޺һ˿ƬɽȻɽĵƱȽϸӣΪΪǿ󣬱ȻûܵκӰ졣
ܿ죬һ̶ӹȥһ߳˼ԶŵɽнһЩãİֲܵǱ࣬¶Ҳ˼֡
ȵȡ
ͻȻ쿪ڣͣ
ԣͣƫͷ죺ôСӣ
ȽΣյĵطˡ

˵⻰̧Ƚűߵһʯǰ漴ʯӷɳȥԶ󣬿кɱ⽻ֱ֯ӽʯ˸顣
ǣ
ͬʱݣղǵɱЩˣǿߡңΪҪǣɱֵ̫ͻأˣȫûκףͷ·ƾնİ㣬ûѣߵǰԻᱻɱС
ĵЩһ㣬ּأΪһȻĵɱ֣вͨʿ

˵ţŵӿûصףӣƽɱ֡
תۣȥ
ˣߡ
˵
ּЩڵԣȴ㲻ʲôΪˮ׼ƽȳ̶ȵɱ֣ǳ򵥣ķѲ˶١
ƿǷ㣬鷳ĵɱʱܵһʱ
ĵ
ղţĵɱ֣ǹƶõùȻǵɱ⻹ڻٵǣȴ⡣


1157 ׼ħΪ
ȷʵͬѰӵмΪɽһϿϡ
ƸԼǰɽȥ
ƬɽǳɽһһһǰУеİɫøŨЩ¶ҲǸڽ͡

ͻȻһҽǰ˲ȥѪâһš
Ѫâôһͫף
ƶݡ
񣬸ǣ

û˵ʲôǰܿгԶŵѪζ
ϣʬɢҵţŮʿΪ״ȴЩңѪ⼸ʳ˴룬͵ˣѪˮͣĿġ
ƶĿ⣬мƺɫë⼸ŮʿʬԱߣжʱ仮һĨ⡣
ħ

ħŨԺаΪʳҲϲɻ˵Ѫ⣬ŮӵѪϲԱһħ֣ħ
żŮʬԵĺëǶħϵģ֯ħеϢ
ħﻹɱ⼸ŮޣȻ˽ħʲôڵʱһʱлڵС̫ѹɢ˵Ϣ˵ʱͷħһ˹ƶϣ൱ˣɲһ㡣
Ҳ֪ħǿɨطĿеϢú׽һƵĵȴǿа첨˵׼ۼϢСӿνħˣ׼۲Ρ
ħ壬׼ۼħ͵һˣµĺܡ
ȥƬɽλá
˵
ǰȥ
׼ۼħǺܿ£ԣѾ㲻ʲôսѾնɱ׼ˣοƿͿħ
ԱߣҲûôǣϾ֪ǿ󣬾׼ۼħҲܵסڵ졣ҪǣС̫ȫһػ񣬾ȫʢĵۻǿߣҲûʲôõĵġ
һ˳ǰȥģеİŨˣǰ˲ʿӰ
̫Źˣˣ
˴
Щʿһ뵽ƬɽڵˣΪһʼƬɽԸӦ֮ǰǵŵľҩ㣬˿д˵еʥҩƬɽУ뵽ѰȻʱҵ֮󣬿еİͻأŨ̫࣬һ˵Ұܵ˼Ӱ죬ǿʶҲطʧȥã˶ɵԭͣ
еƶǲɵü
ʶûˣЩһ㡣
ü
ǺܹŹ֡
ҲɶǴ죬ʶǿĺܣʱطǿȴԿЩ
û£ߡ

˵ţƹֱۣۣƻֱͫϡ
طְҲǵγɵһֶڱҰѹǣȶ޳۵ԣȴֻЩѡۺȿڱҰѹİȫӰ첻
ǰۿһУƽǰߣһҲûлҡ
˫õ۾
ĵ
طŨԽǰߣȰǱøŨǺһķš

ͻȻǰвҽΪŮ޵ѪζգۼƮڿС
ʱطΪãʱֹסŲʿһ
ôˣʲô
˾
ʱ򣬰ʮ˶ܲҽǴʲôɳǸطȥʱȴʲôҲǵȰҰȫڱˡ

ܿ죬вҽ
й֡
ֵֻǲ³˼ֶԣɢˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƭռڣи°͸°͵ھ׽ʲô
ʱһɾ㤵գ۽֯
һ̣һѪâƬռ˸ٶԵúܿ죬ÿһƶһҽС֮󣬵ȥʮѪâֱŰĳƬɽλöеȥٶȷǳ죬գۼ͵ͷ
ܲǡ
Į
ΪİܣѪâʵʣǣȴһۺܵһпķǳѪâ壬Գһĺɫëŷǳ˵аϢȷȷʵʵһͷħһͷ׼ۼħ
ܿԷģܿԷÿһԷϴϮɱ˺üʿĿˣֻǲû⣬ĸԼ·׼ЩƬɽλãѰʥҩ뿪
ʱͷħɱһ˫ѪͫޱаȻǽǣȻ֮ͬǰʲôֱһĳ
һƼдһƣ˲Ϣħϡ
ʱһ׼ۼħֱӺɣʮԶײԶһʯϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ΪһϴЩƣİǶʱɢ˲٣ʿҰһʱ䶼Щײڴʯϵħ
ǡżмصħ
ղţڡ
⡭
ʿħɫһףϾħǷǳµġ
ͬʱطŰ٣Ҳвʿ졣
֡죿
˽е
漴һʿ˹ȥҲһ˶ǲɵ΢΢һ¡
죡⡭ʲôʱ
˵ղƺһʲô֮ܲģƺȻһ죬ײڴʯϵħѵ
ͷħ
ʿǻȻ
漴һʿǷǳĬˣԶħԶ졣Щʿԣħܿ£죬ӿ£ħǧ
ԶײڴʯϵħκվѪɫͫ׶죬Ǻ塣
𣡡
һƱãɢãٴ졣
һʱ䣬ƶʮռ䶼ˣӿ
ƣνסһˣƶɵóԾ
ƣֱǡ׼ۼ˼Ҫ¼ְ
Ƶ
ವһħգ۱ǳ嵽ǰѪâѹ£ͬʱƺҲһС
̧ͷͷħ
Լ
˵ŵ׺ƵƣЩƿӿϣֱӻ۳һƴ󽣣ץޱĳų嵽ǰ׼ۼħն¡
ʱ䣬۵һѪˮ½ͷ׼ۼħֱӱķ顣
𣡡
ѪƮڿУͷħһħѪҪħ
ûʲô仯һ𣬸ӿϣһͼԷħƺƵѹ¡
ͷ׼ħǳǿ൱Ǵ壬ĵۻ޵Уʵνͨ׼۵ǣԣͷµ׼ħȴûʲôˣΪƿصͿħΪͷ׼ħֻ൱һʿ
ͼѹܣԾԵĨɱ֮ƳŶԷħ¡
˭˱ʵսͣ
ʱһɭ𣬽֯żΪµĵͼΪĺһӰգԶ


1158 
ӰգۼͨŰڵϢϸоĴڣһõĲӣطͷԿüǳˡˣȴɢһɷǳµĵƺʴһа㡣
⡭ǣһۻʣ

ղų˭սͣͷ׼ۼħǡˣ
طһʿӰԱɫϾһۻʡۻʼǿߣЩͨʿԣκʱǾηͿ־Ĵڡ
ͼѹħħ꣬ʱӰ֣ȴҲǲɵһ۵ͼܵţһ飬˵ŵŵɵĺ˼
ӰԷЩθڣݣŵһɾ˵ҩ㣬˳Ӱִһꡣ
ʱһǣ
Ӱе겻߶ѣȴͨŵ⻪ʮƬɫҶӣÿһƬҶӶͬһɫСһõĸо
ʥҩ
ѿڶ
ԱߣƲɵһҰ˳ĿȥںӰϵϣ漴ǶݣΪ
ͬʱطһʿɫ
ǡ
ǡʥҩ
Ѿȡˣ
ʿ󾪡ǶΪʥҩȴ룬ѾУһһۻ֮֡
𣡡
Ƭռ䣬ħ޸ħ˫׺ݵĹ⣬ٴɱ졣
ȻڶźӰеʥҩܵһȴɺһħ
飡
һ죬ħһκɳȥʮԶײڼԶһɫɽϡ
һʱ䣬ɫɽ͵һѺۡ
Сͦ󣬵űʵ棬Ҷʵս͡Ӱͬһ㣬ɳƺɭȻһ˫ͫװݵĲӣŵ̹⣬Ķ졣һ̣͵һİͫײ㣬ǡ
죬ɫһٱ䣬ݵ̹ͫɵöˣڳˣվҲǰ̫ˣ̫ˣ
죬˴ЦЩ˫¶̰Ĺ⡣
ʣɫԣһԪҪɿʱһ겻֪ݵʥҩи࣬޷޸ڸڣڱԪɿ֮ʱȴûδţһֱϣԺŲʣѾʮꡣǡǸʣ
ʲô£ƶźӰɫ䣺Ԫɿݵʱûţִʮ꣬˵Ѿʮˣ
طʿƵһʱԲɵĲ
塭ʮꣿ
ۻʼǿߣԪʮ꣬ʥҩٻʮ꣬Ҳʮѣˣʮꣿ⡭ֶѹԪţҲѹƲôðɣ
⣬⡭
źӰһʿ𺧡ǣһʮǰˣ
ʱطΨı仯Ǿҡ
ۣһȫˣĲʣѾһˣԷѾȫ࣬û˰ֻĻǻţϸ˵ʣǡһˣʱ˿̣ԷַӦ͵İ׼ʼ̫ˣֻǶһ̰
ŶԷǷ̹ĳĹۣ˲һǳĲ롣
Էʣ
䣡
𣬲ֱĶ죬˲Ϣ䶯ˣƵĸϢֱ졣
壬һ»عԣõ壬һܳԽԽٳԽƬص
˿Ц̰֮⣬ϵⶼɵõ˼飬ޱȶġ
ģƬռ䣬вʿ˲ѣϢֱӱķ飬
ƶһ붶£ʵǶԷɢЩ¡
϶Сӵ
ۡ
и⣬ӿ϶ˣⲻʣʡ
Сһ
ԼͷС̫
С̫ѽĽ˫һ̼䣬ƬɫƵתۼ仯һɫųĲӿѹϣƿˢһС
ʶʱһȻûϵͷС̫Ȼǿ󡣲ȴҲֻһ˲ѣһ̣е̰֮ɫøŨֱֱĶ죺ҵģ˵ţһֱ֣ӻĺɫƣ̼ɢֲϢƺǽʵĵٻһ㡣


1159 Ѫ
ĺɫƣ˵һƮڿУÿһʯɣʼһֱǷסܣ֯һİʹƬռʱѹһޱȹϢӿʮѹһС
һ˲ѣС̫𶯳ɫֱ˾޴谭ɲǼЩͬǺһ͵ıȫ顣
ͬʱһֻоˣת
Щɫ
ɫһ䣬ЩصĺɫƺӵѹʿΪ
òˣ
⡭
Ҳɫڵọ̈̄жúܼѡ
ʿЦĺɫѹܣͨɫ⣬ŸõϢϢûһֻ֣ճץȥ
ѽ
С̫˫һ𣬼ҲƵǿɫ⡣
һ˲䣬Ƭռ俪ʼɫƿˢӭʵĴ֡
ЦûĴѹС̫ɫ⣬ͬʱܼܵĺɫɢ˿˿Ƶڹ⣬ʹС̫ɫ⵱ŤǱͬʱС̫ɵòһ£Ϣʱ˲١
ЩɫǱڼãǺϳһڤ󣬾ǵۻʾҲֱѹƣɫķڣʾף
ʵ

ʱɫԱߣҲǴ󾪡
ͬʱطһʿҲɫ
Ƭã
˳õһڿµ
⡭
ʿļ£ǿǶ˵ΪϵڴҵУûй̶ĵص㣬żһΣÿһγֶ޾飬е飬ûм˻߳ۻʼǿ߶˲٣ǰʣȻɵ˼֮УȻ˳ңȻڼڵõһ˲õ
ˣ
Ƭռ䣬ĺɫڹ⣬ʮգѹС
ʿЦȥõĹϽ֯âԵúܶ
ǱʵģһҪõ
̰
С̫ԵЩһɫӿͬʱͷӰ֣𶯳գⷽɽӶЩʧɫƵòʵŵŵɵĺˣܵĺɫŲ£Ҫ׹Ƶġ
ʹò¶ݣ˸ЩŵĶС̫ʵ׷󣬿ɷأۻʰǿ߶ױѹ޷ЩɫѹΪս㣬㾹Ȼܺǣ
С̫ŲʣͷŲѹ¡
һʱ䣬ƬմŤ
ۣ
׼ۼͷħУܵС̫ʱɢǿϢֱըһʱ
⣬ֻǸССһͷգ۱ƵʵĽǰ
ŨɫоĿ£оС̫ǿᣬʱȴǻعĿɨ죬̰֮ɡ
䣡
һɼΪ˵Ϣӿ漴ӭС̫ѹͷ顣
ͬһʱ䣬طĺɫٴ𶯣֯µڹ⡣
ʱС̫һ£Ĵ鱻࣬ͬʱɢϢٴνͣ
٣
ЦĿⶢ죬ƵΪɭϢٴγȥ
С̫ۣɫӿӭϣȻòʿ졣
䣡
䣡
䣡
һʱ䣬һһսһʹط⽻֯ɫӿ
С̫ɢϢԽԽӲʣСС屻ĲϺˡ
ѹ㣡ȡ
Ц
ʱطЩɫø£С̫Ϣѹĸ͡
⡭
ͷСޣС
˵ǸʣôͻȻͶ춯ˣƺƺΪԼսͱ˵Ĺϵ񣬺õһ⾿ǡ
طʿЩȻ˳˺ԶԶԶС̫Ͳʵ˾ȣ˲⡣
챻ЩɫѹһƬڣʱС̫Ͳʵսɵȭͷ
ɫÿҧСһѹˣ
ʵսСһҪϹǿ٣ǡЩɫ
ܵĺɫɫȻҲЩѿ
ʱںɫķȦڣǱסˣʲôҲˣ˵ͼ򵥵Ķȴܹ
쿴ܣطĺɫӣ̽ѰЩɫıʡΪʱС̫ǱЩɫѹʵĻӦСһĶ֡ԣʱҪŤתս֣ΨнЩɫƽС
ˣ
ͻȻʯУһѪâ֯ʹƶȾһ˿Ѫɫ
ңΪѪɫâһԭŵȻʼת֮ǰһ㱻ѹơ
⡭
΢΢һæһɨ֣ʯռڣһĴָСѪɫͷڶϱ鲼Ÿ䣬һƵѪâָɢ
ǣ
ɫһָǴʯȡ
ָǣ֮ǰڵʱɱ컯ڵһͷ׼ۼʬãʱֻͼʹ׶֮ٵʹⶫЩʱȻ֪⾿ʲôȴǽ֮ȴ룬ʱָǾȻ˹⣬Ȼܵĺɫѹϵ
Сӣǡô£
Ȼע⵽ȡָǣҲ֪ǴӺδЩԾ
ԱߣҲǿ˹
ʱΪȡöѪǣһһоѹ࣬ڵֱˡ
䣡
ǰ𶯣Сֵ̫ŲʵĹһδαˡ
쿴һĻеĴָСѪǣƮڿеĺɫоֱ¶貾âѪǣںҲ˵ʱϢӦĳ䣬Ȼɲ֪ʲôǡӦǿԿЩɫ˵ţ͵һ𣬽ɫʱûöѪڣִöѪųѪɫӿС
ȥ
۲׽Ʈڿекɫλã漴֣ͨѪתѪɫߣкɫ
գۼ䣬ܼѪںɫϣʱʹЩɫ
漴ģ촫ƮڿеЩɫ̿ʼը
Ȼܿǣ
ǰʱһ
ƵۣȻֱӻЩڷ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫սһĲɫ䣺⡭ܣԼеõЩɫһֱңԺɫĵˣûѣκβЩصĺɫ죬ȻٵЩ


1160 ʵв
𣬺ɫһһ֯ѪѪâ飬գۼ˸һɶ
ǣ
Щɫȫˣ
طʿݣԼбȡıȻˡ
еǽѪǣһݣͷȻô
ɱֻϹõĶȻ֮ܣ
Ҳ졣
Щɫɲһ㣬һһû뵽ֻͨעѪǣдһ˿Ѫǵ̵ѪɫâȻ׵ĻЩɫ
쿴ĴָѪǣоâ֯õⶫ
ܣ
ɫһһ٣־ŭǿĵƣȻ㱻ˡʱ䣬ӿЩһ˵ĸʴն͵죬Ǻ㣬ƺһ̾Ҫڻ
춢ǰĲʣеѪǣֱ˸ĺ⡣
Сһ
С̫
һ̣û˺ɫѹƣţʾСһĶ֡
С̫ʱѽĽ˫һɫֱŲѹȥͬһʱ䣬Хɻˣ䣬ȸĴٴθ֣ͬʵŵһ㣬һѹʡ
͵һһΣû˺ɫѹƣӿĸֱӱɫķ顣ͬһʱ䣬Ĵʱ򿿽ֱڲʵϣ۵һ˲ʵʹöԷһźɫѪ

ʴŭ𣬺ɫѪ䶯գۼǸõģңƺΪһεĹϵñһʼӵĸˣͬһ̯һ㡣
ѽ
С̫ǶԲʷǳǴƬɫ¡
¡¡ģƬռɫͬһ㣬գסʡ
۵һٴα飬Ѫɽ
ɣ
ĺѪӿʷŭ
ʱɫ֯һӰʮС̫ûȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ʵѪٴ۳õĵ˹ȥ
ҵģ
Ŀ̰գ۱ǳǰ
ʲôСģ̬Ȼ˵⣡
ͬʱӣΪϵϢʵںܿ¡
ҧŵƽ֯ڲǿĵۻѹ£ǲƺˣǿʮԶ
ӣ
̧ץ졣
Ҳʱ¡һɫϵ£С̫ûȥܹӰһ˲ǰһǴƬɫƵȥ
־ŭܼĹӰѹС̫֮ʱǣסС̫ѹ뿪ȴ룬С̫˲ĥйӰ˹ʱӭС̫ɫ⣬òܣͬʱǿͨ⡣
ֻǣɫ̫ǿ󣬵ǿһа㣬ɲǼѹС
ۣ
ѪˮĽһΣʱ顣
⡭
û˺ɫǲʣ񣬲ˡ
ͷСޣģáǿ󣡼ֱǡѹ
طһʿļ¡
춢ǰʵĺɫѪƮڿУԱһƵĹâ˸ž˵ҩ㣬ȻʥҩΪ֮ǰ֮һֱУʱһʥҩǾ˿С
лһĨâֱӻûһֻ֣ץʥҩ
Ҷ
ĺɫѪӿһɵѹץʥҩĴ֡
ѽ
С̫ɫѹ͵һʻĵ
ͬʱһץסʥҩֱߡ
ȡˣ
лһĨ
ʱץʥҩһʱо˼ΪŨϢץסһ֮Դ㣬ʹľһ˲ǿʢ˲٣ΪƺžһЩ
ʥҩ
Ե
Աߣ˫۷Ź⣬ǱΪʥҩʱɹץȡʥҩһǴһۻץȻЩ˷ܡ
ͬʱطһʿҲǶݣʱ죬¶ɫ
ʥҩ
ʿһۻᶫֱǡ
ҪΪͷС̫ǿˣ
ʮԪ
⡭
Щʿ죬𺳣Ľ
䣡
ɫ壬һ˫̹ͫţǷŭ
ವһⲻٴ죺㣬ҲǱʵģ
춢ŲʣлһĨ⣬һʥҩ
Сһȫ
С̫
ѽ
С̫Ӧ˫Σɫӿһɫ籩˲ǽʾУƺƵѹֱķǡ

һ
ֻǣһ˲䣬Сֱ̫ѹ˹ɫ˷ѹơ
¸࣡
ʴ
¡¡ģһɾ˵ĵ򲨶ӿʹƬضڶձ飬ͬʴˣ˵ϢֱӴʮ
ȵЩ£ܸʴ㣬ɫⶼЩ
ɫվǳǿᣬʼĸջǱѹķ飬ɫһν֣۵һѹķѡ
ŭٴϢŨ𶯳һһ
ֻǣС̫̫ǿˣɫˢһУﲻơ
ۣ
תۼ䣬һα顣
⡭
ȫˣûЩɫʡסͷСޡ
áǿ
طһʿС̫жǴžݣС̫ǿ
Сһǲж񣡡
ĵ
Σеۻʰˣ˵ܾ߱ۻʾˮ׼
Ҳ
춢ǰоâ˸С̫ʵ̫ǿˡ
䣡
ǰɫ𶯣Ϣ𶯾
漴һ̣۵һٴα顣

ʾŭɫͫ׶죬̰֮ɫɣ漴ֱӵͷߣԶȥʱʧȥ˺ɫѾǷǳС̫Ķ֣ǼֻǳױĨ
Сһߣ
춢ӶݵĲʣС̫һ
СһȻ֪ôɫһ𣬷ܣֱӽء
ͬʱСһ˫ǴƬɫ⽫ʸǣٴθ顣

ٴӶݡ
ֻǣС̫̫ǿˣɫƵʮʸߡ
һ󣬲֪˺С̫ѣֱƫͷ죬ݵ˫зɭɭ̹⣺ߣٶ֣֮شʮ򣡵ʱϹŶϹ㣡


1161 ֻر¶¾
ŲʵĻɫʱһеĺ˲øŨ
ͬһʱ䣬طһʿ¶ı飬ʣ죬϶¶ɫ
֮أʲô˼
ʿ
ƶɵ죺Сӣʲô֮أϻ˵ʲô
һһ죬ҲǺɻ
ǰʵãʱڴϢȻǴıԵϣϢ˵͹ȡ죬̹ʢԵɭȻٴοڣס֣ñ뿪ΪһϹŶϹ
˼֣ĶŲʣвңʱѾԳ׿϶ԷǿΪֻ壬һԷĽ±¶ȥضΪʸ֮ģʮϲƻڵһʱϾֻرԴʱʥҩҪ
㲻ϣǽʵѣ
ɭȻ
춢ˣĿ䣺ڷ㣬ڰ߻øǿԲֶΣȻңԴ
Σûиõѡ񣡡ЦȱʮϹŶϹﶢϣʣһ˶ϣѹСɣȫɣ
ɫʱøӱ䣬ͬ񽣣ĺе
Цһãڣá
ǡĻǳвңŲʣץסҵҪҫԲͷԱҷƫƫ⣡ɱ󣡡ڲʵвȷʵǷǳɵǣԸ˶Ļʵ̫ˡ
ϵЦʱһͣ㡭

캮
䣬С̫ٴζˣһΣ¡¡ģɫٴαͬɫһϰ˻ģŲѹ¡
ʱģķմѣдʥϢĿֲӿʮ
۵һֱӱķ顣
ѽ
С̫ӿɫӿͬʱĴһ֣ڶɻغϣȸ豱ϣʡ
ɲǼ䣬ռ䶯ѾѪø飬ϢȻ󽵡
Сʴҽк𣺡ҪΪ񸶳ۣ
䣡
˻䣬ɫڹ𣬺ɭɭ˷ȥ
⣬С̫СһǣĿռסЩڹ⣬ֱǲҪ紫¡
С̫ӦɫԲɢתۼһڹǰγһ᲻ɴݵɫϣطȫסѹסһС
ûõģǱԴԶ֣˭Ҳز£ʺɱʣҲùʮϹϲ㣬ѹ㣬Ϸ㣡Ȼȱĸң
䣬͵ģɫڹ⾶ֱ͸С̫ɫϣһɢھÿһ䣬һɢ˲
Щɫڹ⣬ÿһһʶӻÿһŲʵĵۼԴÿһģÿһ֯вڵԴҼŲʵ֮һ˲䴫˵һ򵽵ھ򣺡ǿ壬ֻѾҪսֻأҪֻرԴ
ʶӻ֮֯ʮÿһ䣬ӵһ򵽵ھ򣬼ÿһ鶼ܿɲǼʮ

һ򡭡
Ĺȡ
죬ǡֻ壿
꣬棬ѩҹŮĹУΪĸϺҲʱȫɫ
桭ֻ壿ҡ
΢
Լһ˿Դ̽ѰԴʱûгɹıԴ˻ʱЦƣǴ˵еǿֻ壬ȴû뵽Ȼľӻһ򣬳ģԴ֯ŵۻʼϢ졭ֻ塣
Σգô죿
ѩҹż
ͬʱͰҲż񾲳ȵļ꣬ʱҲЩˡ
ʿʮȻУδֹֻųǿ壬ʮһ֮ȣʲô㲻ϣȴδ̫أԶ˵ֻһ塱Ļɼֻжôľˣһ֪ԻǸѣĴ壬ԪݵϹһᱻȥ
˱¶֮أƺһۻʼǿ߱¶£;Բм٣ԲȥɡڴˣΪֻǾΣˣʮһϹϹŶȥ
ô죿
ŮȴʲôҲˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ĹڣһĹ˫Ҳʶӻ𾪣嶼ɵò˼¡
ֻ壬졭ֻ壿˵дδǿ壿⡭
˫һֱ֪ǿЩΪ˺ܶΣѾΪϰˣ˵ѾΪеľˣڣһˣǰδе𾪡졭ȻǴ˵еֻ壡

һ򣬷ڡ
ʴʶӻ֮һڵȻ֪ˣһ̣˽ǲ𾪡
ʦ֣ǣǡֻ壿
δֹ壬ѹһʺѪǿ壬⣬⡭
Ƿڣһǿֻ壿
ڣһڵӺȻ
ͬʱ̫ϳϣڼϣһɫ
죬Ǻӡ
̫ϳ΢Ȼ¾סˡ
ԱߣҲǴסˣ
Ƣ𱩵ͿöסˣǸСӣȻȻǡ
ںɽһƯŮվһƬּ䣬Ҳ֪£Ųϲʴʶӻʧ񣺡磬˸˲õĵӡ
䣡
ӿĵƵԷںɽ˲Ϣһ
ȵ̫ˣǿһ͹мһɱ⣬ɲǼ佫ʴһĹֻʶӻȫ顣
Ůɽзڵ⣺ˣѾܶûмˡŮ񷣺죬һҪ˰

ڶ򣬰׼ҡ
ĹүȻֻ壿⡭
׼һڵǶ˲ʴʶӻһסˡ
ͬʱһһڴҲ𾪣Ȼһ̸ǲ
죬Ȼ
׼һڶĴסˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ڶһɢޣ򵽵ھһڴʿһҲǿ˲ĹֻľӻһǱסˣνǾԺȻ˾˵
һ˲䣬¾
ңʶӻ˸Զ˸ص򡭡


1162 ϧһд
ŲʵľӻʮǷˣһ𶯣һʿ󾪣ȫΪ˵еֻ塭Ȼˣ
ʮ֪˻ǲ֪ˣѻĵˣһ̶סˣǴ󾪣˲Ķ¡
Ǹ죬Ȼǡֻ壿ǿ壿
ξݵ㣬ɱ벽ۻʣɱħӣ塭ѹ֣ѹôǿȻȻǣǡ

һ죬ԵۼԴʩչʶӻʵ̫Զˣʮ򣬼鶼ֱܿʹʮڡ

һƬ谵޹ĿռܱصĳʯͺɳһʮһͬŮںڰ˫ۣǳгǿƥĵ֯ʮ
漴һ̣ھʵڣϵų⣬ֱסʵһʮһŮӰԻۣϰ˻ġ
춯أ
ʴˣ
ʵڣһһڴΪֻ¶𺳣һ̣ŹâԻӰЩǿ߽һ𣬸¶ɫڵһʱϵԻӰд񡣾һļҲ˳ݣЩԻӰޱȹ
ݼʣ
һڴдǼ
һ޵Ϲʱ뿪ʵһֱѰټѾǳ£ʱ޿̲ڴʻع顣ʱһʧѾصĻʾȻԻһӰβǼ
ˣʮһŮӿȥ飬һ˫Сţǣһȴѹ˻ģˣƺҪƬضѹ񷶼˶ҡ
ϧһдۣӻֻ壡Ҹ磡
ѹƵʵ

ھ򣬶򡭡
ȻɽƾˣƬڳ˯һ㡣
Ƭڣƺδ֪ɽ͵ߵһҪ뵽ǿա
ʦǴ磡羹Ȼֻ壬ѽɽһƯĺŮһȹŮӵȹڣԵ÷ǳȣƺ뵽ʲôת¶ǵɫҡȹŮӵֱۣʦΣգ
ȹŮɽۣ·Ǵӻ߳һ㣬࣬Ƭضʧ˼ɫʡ
ȥߡ

δſڶ𶯳ᣬƽͣǧ˶Ծ

ھ򣬱ɽС
ɫק˫֡ʣĽ֮ش˳ȥ
һֱŵĴأôŪ˾֪
⡭
ǡ
ֻ塭Ȼֻ壿
طһʿ죬𾪣Ȼ̲סŶ
𺳣Ŀһͬʿ㣬ϡ
Сӣ㾹Ȼֻ壿
⣬⡭
һһ˫ۣĿȻһĴסˡ
ߵˣޱϤѼսѣǴ˵еֻ壡
ֻ壬ǿǡϵǿʰ
ΨС̫ʱԵ÷ǳΪСһŸճãԻͬСһ㣬ǺܶЩôֻ塣
Цʱʻȥǿ۳Ķ죺СŰɣܿͻһһϹ㣡ǻѹ㣬ȻڳֻرԴĺܲңܲң
ϵĺɫŨҵ㣬ŲʣĿɱ⡣

С̫
С̫ܵϵɱ⣬˫͵һʱ䣬Ƭɫӿ֮ǰκһζҪǿᣬһƬɫ񺣣ֱӽʸǡ

ҽ漴ɲǰʵĵ͵ۻֱӱɫ

ֻǣʱһʿȴǶûΪʱɱݣĿɶֱֱϣǾɫΪֻ¶𺧡
Сӣ㣬㣬㡭
Ҳͬطһʿ㣬ȫ˱С̫ĨɱĲʣĿһͬһ㣬ڿһ
ҧˣϽߣ뿪
ʱ֮ر¶ȥ뿪һεĵطȶĻһء
кС̫صߣкƣֱԶȥ
һ̣һɾ˵ĵ٣ɭֱʮռ䡣
ֻ壡ҵˣ
𣬵ˡ


1163 ʮۻϮ
ۻϢ֯ʮռ䣬Ե
طѿһӰֱӿ˳Ϊһɿߣһ˫۾ɫʼһֱǽĿϡ
ˣ
ռɿֱӶˣ̽һֻ֣ץ˹ȥ
һʱ䣬ۻʷڱʮֱӸУпռ䡣
ǣ
طһʿԶݡ
ǡΪֻ
˵
ʱЩʿ̫ˣɿߣһΪ˲ʴʶӡʱϵĿģ룬ΪֻرԴ
ҧĻ죡
ϣɿĿ䣬̽ĴֵŨֻرԴϷҪˣ
˵һƬռֻۻʴŤƺһ̾Ҫ顣
Сһ
캮
С̫Ӧһ𣬶ʱдƬɫƵӭǰ
ɲǼ䣬ɿ̽Ĵɫײһ漴ֱӱķ顣ң֮ɫⲢûоʹֹסƲŸɿ߱ѹȥ
ɿȻûϵԱߵСôǿ󣬶ʱɫǡ
ۣ
ɫ⽫֮ûֱʹըѪȾ˷
һȫûĸɿߣС̫Сһ˺գٶ뿪֮رʱ¶Ҳ֪ܿгȴɿϹŶ׷ԣڱ뿪Ѱһ֮ʱʱûȥɿߡ
С̫ӦСצһʱ˺һѷ졣
ֻ尡Сӣ㾹Ȼֻ壬⣬ǡ
Ƶɴ˫ۣˣֱڻûع
ֻ壬ֻ塣һҲǵԲһۣкϽǽ֯𾪣૵ĵүΪʲôô̬ͬ廹ҪǿᣡΪʲôڵվʱ٣Ϊʲôͨɾ֮ÿһ󾳽Ҳ٣ԭȫǺйأȻִ˵дδֹʣ
һһ죬𾪵Ըӵĵزȫȫסˡ
Ѿ̵ȥ뿪ط
쿪ڣʶ𶯳
֯ԭʼһӵо֮Чʱʹһ˲ࡣ
ԶԶԣڲǾȵʱ뿪˵
ߣߣ
Ҳ
ʱعһһȻǰٵʲôľ̫Σˣ˵Ǳȱ뼫лҪΣգС
£ΪףһС̫˺մѷڿȥ
¡
𶯣䣬ֱӽС̫˺ѷ顣
ԶĲϣһ߿֯
ˣ
˵ĵΪˣһʼϵĸɿǿ࣬طֱԵۻʷּ䣬ץȥ
ʣҲΪֻ屾Դ
⡭ǣ
ƺǣһǰˣ
ãû
ˣ׾£ǳơѾԪɿݶ𣿣
Ȼţ
طʿϳߣ¶ݡ
н֯һƵ磬̽ĴҲǱơ
ȻѹԪҲֻټꡣ˿ڣ֯ԵüΪ䣬ǿֻرԴϷٻһδԳ޾ܡ˵ţѹĴֱøǿ
ۻ룡
ɫʱüΪأˣܿ£
ѽ
ͷС̫צӣ͵һɫʱֱס˵ֱۣ֮ͬǰĸɿ߰㣬۵һѹķ飬ѪȾ졣
⡭
ˣ˵Ѿﵽ˵ۻ۷壬СޣȻܡ
жǿ
һʿ𺳡
˶С̫һϣ˫н֯ž˵⣬һͺȣֱӻһ۳ɵĴǰǶȥ
һʮռڵĴΪ֮˲٣Ϣˡ
ˣ
˵ۻԣֱС̫Ƕȥ
漴ǣС̫ͬʱһγץȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һ򣬱С̫ĸɿûȥһؾ۳ȻС̫ǿҵļɵڿʱ˫ȴоâֱӼһڴͨ֯ۻʷһץ졣ʵΪֻ죬еջ̫ˣʥҩҪǿ׷
һʱ䣬ۻһ֣ʮռȫʹһʱо˾޴ѹۻʵûѹ˾ҵʹУͷɵø°ɵƺһ̾Ҫ鿪
ѽ
С̫ԵЩˣ˫͵Ķ£ֱӻɫ쫷硣
¡¡ģ˼ֱӱһɫ쫷˺ѣͬʱɫ쫷ɨ̽˺ȸϵĸɿ߾С
˴󾪣ǿͨҪɫ쫷磬Ƿ֣ɫ쫷̵Ա飬ңһɻʼﱬ
ôôǿá
˽ʧɫһ̱Ǳ˻ɫ쫷ֱը
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬˺͸ɿֱӱɫ쫷ը˸飬ϢȻ󽵡
ͬʱС̫ߣӰͷӰһ֣˵ѹ¡
飡ߣ
ɿ󺰣һ̱ǷҽУӰס
漴͵һ죬˵
䣡
һߣ˱Ӱǣ׺ֵۻʷ򣬼ѵĿȴԵ÷ǳǱϢһʼʱ̫࣬˵͹ȡ
һ̣¶С̫µĵۻʣһɺ⡣
ô᣿
С̫ɵúһȫС̫סˡղţΪٶѹסߣѾǶȫǿǣС̫ǿĵ죬ɾˣС̫ȴ׼ĥһУĵش
ѽ
С̫ˣɫ⽻֯һƵӿ𶯳ա
ЩɫķڣһʥĲȫ׼ˡ
˲ɵһʱов
ֹסС̫롭
䣡
ǿĵӿͬһɿ级Զոֱ֣ӴĻ
һڹеӰ֣һɣֱӿ˹
֮󣬼һ˲䣬߸о˵ĵ֣Ǽ䣬طĲ񷶼ɫ涼Ŷ


1164 ʵԮ
֮󣬰˸ۻǿһ֣ǽ֯ǿĵգۼǳƬɽ䣬ӿĵͬ嫺Ƭضڶ
ˡ˸ۻʣ
طʿѾ˳˺Զʱôۻʣһ
ңͬʱЩʿУϳ˰˸ۻʵݡ
Ǹǻڹģǲǡǰħ𣿣
ǡǰľۣ
ˡߣ
ǰĲҹˣ
⣬ǣǰĲ棡
ۻʼ˶£ڹż¹Ի͵ļأԣʷйԹĦʿٶ֪ۻʣܹϳ
⣬ЩˣǴѾԪɿݶ𣿣ôᡭ
طһʿ𺧡
ǸˣŸۻˣңЩϲģ
ɫÿ
⡭
ҲǱء
춢żۻʣǼΪʱЩۻʶǳĿϣѹʵ̫ˣҪϢ
ֻ壬ֻرԴ
ڹħ죬ڹ⽻֯ͬںڶһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬⼸ۻҲǽĿϡ
Щۻ໥ӣ໥侯ŶԷ漴һ̣һȺˡ
ʱԶԶվһߣûкۻһ죬ΪǳɵС̫ٸֱӴ죬ΪС̫һȻˣȴǲû뿪ĬĬһ߿˸ۻɱ죬ĿʱС̫ʱ죬׼ѰҵʺϵĻٶ֡
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ȫ죬񷶼Ϊ֮ҡرѡ
ȳЩɲʹطһʿĲ챾˸Ժ
ˣ
С̫ǰССͬһɫ̫ʱֱӳ˳ȥɫһԲɢȥħȰ˸ۻȫ
£


ҹ˿ڣ顣
ҽ
۳
ͬʱۻһ֣ۻ룬ɱ֮ͬʱѹС̫
Ƕĵۻʼǿߣ޾£Ԫ޶࣬һֱطѹӻԪţȻˣԪɿҲѾûжˡʱʱ¶һδֹĴ˵еΪصֻЩ˶ԣζһھԵֻҪȡǿصֻرԴžԿԻµһͻƵµĸ߶ȡ
䣡
ӿ级˷
͵һƬֱˣˡ
⼸ϲǴڵۻأ
ҧ
ɫȻÿǰС̫
ʱ֮УֻС̫ܹһս֮
С̫⼸ϵۻʣɫŨӭǰͬһʱ䣬Сһ͵һ˫ɻˣ䣬ȸ˵еĴٴθ֣𶯳ա
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵֯ķʮռֹסҡ漴ķ顣
С̫ɫ⽻֯һսˣȵĽ˸ϵۻȫ
⡭ȫסǰˣáǿ
ԶһʿС̫ľ
ɫǳأʱ˳С̫ȻȫħȰ˸ϵۻʵȴǲûռݵϷ
Сһǿ󣬿ҲһаˣСһļˡ
קצӡ
ǧҪϹˣ
ƽ˫֡
䣡
ʱ𶯣ԶӰ֣ɫս£գۿ˹
һۻʣ
طһʿʧɫ
ɫսµĵӰգۼ𶯴ǧ۷Եֶȥ
ʣҲΪֻ
ˣ
ǰС̫˫ɫԲ֮ϯħ˵ͬʱɫսµĵӰҲϯ˹ȥԷߡ
ɫսµĵӰһʮС̫
ͬһʱ䣬ħȰ˸ۻȫ֣С̫һǿĵۻʼɱʱҪץȡֻرԴͱȴС̫
С̫ʱֱӳ˵ĹͬˣеɱⶼС̫

֯ˡ
С̫ħȰ˸ϵۻʣѾǴﵽ˼ޣʱǿнɱڼսµϵۻϯȥһս˱һսţֱӴ·СС屻ŸۻʵĺϻĶᣬ״ֹܲۡ
Сһ
˫ȭ
СһﱻŸۻʺϻĲЩۣɵÿǰһ
Ҳʱƿյ𣬲ԶһֱڹսֱԦɱ
ֻرԴҪˣ
˺С̫սŸۻʱȵǣסΪС̫ʧֱڴʱץסᣬɲǼǰۻʼĴգץȥһʱ佫츲ڴ֮¡

϶㡭
ƽɫ䡣
ˣ
ֽ츲ǣѹһС
ʴ˵ֳҲҶ
ʱһ쳹죬˵ɱ۵һץĴ֣Ѫ졣


1165 
˵ɱ֮𶯾죬ץĴķ飬ˡ
ȥط򣬻ɵڱ˲񷣬ӰǶÿһɢŵĵǿľˡ
ʱ䣬ط˽Ǵ󾪡
ʵ
һۻʼ̫ϳϣȻȫˣ⡭
ǡڰֻ壿
ʿ𺳡
һ¶ϲɫ
СӣԮˣ
һһ֪ʵĹϵʵĵۼǿ߸ϵȻܹµԭضʵ
ҲЩݣһĻȻûԤϵһȻҲܹµʵǰΪϾĹϵ
˱ֱۣѪˮգƫͷԼԶ弸ǿߣԵ־ŭʵǡ
ɱ
һ쳹˵Ļ
Զʵĵһ̫ϳ϶֣Ƶһǿ絽ǰ
һΰߣͷƣ˫Ŀ̺⣬Ϣˡ
䣡
һ޴ӰΪһͷƽʨӣϵµֵأʼһֱʵŵһ㣬ֱӳȥ𶯰˻ġ
ȹЩ£ʹ˶ʱɫұ䣬С̫شĽѾûʣ¶٣ʱӭȿ񱩵ĻԹһ˲ñ̲סУס֣ʲ

ʵһ̫ϳȣٴδ˵ĻĻƽʨ۵һǽѹķ顣ңͬһʱ䣬ƽʨüѿֳֻۣһֱг͵һ˵ĵۻķ顣

⡭
ɱǸˣ
ʵǡ
Զһʿľ
ʵ̫ϳϳ֣Եһ̫ϳΪףתۼ䶼ǰ
ִˡǷ񣬾ΪԶߣ±ãʱȴǷǳʴʱ޷ҵǰݡ
ԶһʿһʵۼȻ
֪ʵ̫ϳ϶̬ΪϾĹϵȴûд󣺡λǰ𡣡
ִΪ֣֮ҵӦ񡣡
ʵһ̫ϳɫ
ִܵ𣡡
̫ϳҲڵ
ˣһ̫ϳһͷ𷢣ڶ̫ϳϼף̫ϳϴŽۣŨ֮ǰʵڽӵʵʱǾĲСһ޵лߣʧ£Ȼһֳһ塣
ȻԴ˺ܾȺɻ󣬵ȴδ룬ΪֳʳϵģʶذˣˣЩµģܶ첻첻Ƕʲ
䣡
ǰ𶯣ʮռ
С̫ɫ⻷ƣһսţʱ򱻱ƵĲϺˣ巢
쿴ǰȭ̫ϳϣλǰæ
ʱСһﱻŸϵۻʺϻѾ·ʵЩġ
Ȼִ˷ġ
ʵһ̫ϳϵ
䣬ֱ˲ǿƬսֱʩչ˳
ͬһʱ䣬һ̫Ҳһ֣Ƶʣǰ
˶ǷǳǿᣬһʱͬʱɱС̫µľŸۻǿߡ
ʵʲôΪʲôΪвɣ
ŸۻʽĿ
Ǵֳ⣬ҪıֻرԴ˵ʲô
һ̫ϳ
£¡һٴθƽʨӣ˵
ͬʱʵ̫ϳҲŸۻһС
䣡
ʱնֳһѺۡ
ĵһ̫ϳϣ˵ʲô
ֻ壬Ǹ졭ʵֳ
⡭ôܣΪۣϹʱԶֻ壬һˣң尡ôᣬôǡǸʵֳ
Զһʿ󾪡
ħڹ⣬ɭȻĶ̫ϳϣһɺԣֻ壬Ĵ˿մߣʵڴʲô⣡
ʵһ̫ϳߣħĻκλشֱѡӡңͬʱϵøǿֱ̧֣һȭħ¡
¡¡ģһȭ£ĻƽʨͨҲɱϡ
䣡
ʵ֮ǿߣ㶯֣ܻûһС
ͷӣǿ
еۻΣ
ƶǰ
쿴ǰ˿ʱʵ̫ϳϸϵС̫һսţ˲١
ǰС̫Ϊʵ̫ϳϼսĹϵʱ࣬ͷĽʵ̫ϳϣ漴ĿٴοħȾŸϵۻϣ۾еľϡ
䣡
СһɫƵطĲ񷶼Ⱦɫʣʮռȫǣ漴һֱӳžϵۻʺȥ
֮ǰԷûǣԵú
¡¡ģɫڴʱһɫǿƥʮ񷶼ҡ
ɫͱ䣬оһĿ£۹ӭϡ
ͣ
ɫֱۻʣ漴Ʋס
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ߵ

ŭըѪмλÿ£޸ʼɿ顣
ȻҲʱС̫ɢ˸ӿµϢɻˣ䣬ȸִ˵еһθ֣쳤Хգۼ佫ס

߷һĲҽУ漴ʧӰ٣
Զһʿļ£һ죬С̫Ѿۻʼǿˡ
ʵ̫ϳϲĿС̫Ȼ֮ǰѾ˵С̫ǿ󣬵ʱСһĨɱߣǲɵЩԾ
ҵҲóֶˣЩСֳ֪֮⣬ʲôĺ
һĵһ̫ϳϵ
Ż䣬һϵϢתۼһߵ㡣漴һ̣һڳʼһֱɢ嫵һԭʼĺϢ˳ɲǼǽطȫˡ
ǣ

һڡȱ챦
Զһʿ뺧Ȼ
ʱ֣ǵȰҪƬضѹʹЩ˸岻ͣĶ£̲סҪĤݡ
ĵһѪڽɣ۷弶챦
һ¡
ɡ£
ƶǰ˫ĿɵԲ
춼ɵ¶ݣֱֱĶǰΪϢ
䣡
־أͨʣʣʮʱ
һʱ䣬ħȰ˸ϵۻɫǡʱʵһ̫ϳϼ۷弶챦ֱʹǸов


1166 ۷챦
־أѪڽɣͨӡƣͬǴӾɽ׹µı·ǿԽضѹһ㡣
ɲǼ䣬ƬɽֹסĻζΪϢ渡ֳһѺۡңĲҲڸҡʮڣܼĵⲻӿ֡
쿴һĻɵöݣ۷弶ȱ챦ǿ󣡽ֻȻϢѣƣֱǿĥ
˵ԹһֱѹʵĵˣһԾܴʵû뵽һ⼸̫ϳϾȻֱӽⷽ˳
Щľ
ûʲôþȵģһΪΪСӣλʿûʲôù˼ɵģʵ㲻ʲô
䣡
𶯣ϯɽӣطƬ񷶼ɵڱˡ
ħȰ˸ϵۻʴʱǶݣʵɢϢ̫ǿˡ
Ҳʱһ̫ϳ϶ˣк̫ϳһ߶ʹڵ̼ɢǿһ˺ص־ɢ
ʴвֳȫ֮ˣ㾡ʵȫɱ⣡
ʵһ̫ϳ
仰£һ죬һƬƬ貵£ͬһʱ佫ħȰ˸ϵۻʸУдΧ޲ɱ
Щ£ܼÿһͬһھɱͨʹطĿռ˲̮ˣռͬǺˮӿˡ
⡭ȱ۷弶챦ۻʾڣмֵܵˣ
Զһʿ¶ļµı顣
¡¡ģʲ񷣬һնֱӱøЩ
ħ˽ٴУԴ𣬳ǿĵۻӭЩ⡣
һʱ䣬¡¡ģ񷶼ѿˡ
漴۵𣬰˸ϵۻͬʱɣԿѪˡ
ɱ
һʵ̫ϳϺ߶һֱݻһ޴ĻɫٲƺƵԲ£ֱӽħס
ⷽɫٲЩֲۻǿ۷弶챦߶Ǵݿ࣬ûʲôѹ£ͬڵһʱ䱻ˡ
ħݺһɴӭɵɱ١
ͣ
һ죬ɫٲѹ£̼佫ħĴѹ˸顣
ң֮󣬻ɫٲٶȱÿħС
ҿ
ħ𣬸ֵۻʴһҪɫٲг
ֻǣȴûãɫٲֲ̼ǱֶΡ
漴۵һħѹըΨǿ

ںħâӿħԦˡ
ʵһ̫ϳߣٴ𶯣ۻ֮һɵɱٲ£Է֡
ħֱ𶯳ʮֵۻ

ʵһ̫ϳʹѹµĻɫٲøֲ
͵ģħʮۻֱӱ峹ױǡ

ҽһɢħ屻ֱѹķ飬
ʱ䣬Զһʿһһۻʱնɱط
湻£
ľǸħɲȻô׾ͱնˡ
ǿ۷弶ȱ챦ʵۻʼ̫ϳһ߶벻¶У

쿴ǰоâơڵ̫ˣ
䣡
𶯣˵ϯƵʮ
ʵ̫ϳϺ߶ʹɢӾ˵лɵɱϯգʮ񷣬ѹ۵߸ۻʡ
ʱ͵죬۵߸ۻһαĺɣѪ
ðֻ壬ðʵ£գȫ
ʵһ̫ϳ
仰£һһɫٳһۻʸǡ

ۻʲҽУֱӱ飬漴ҲǱһС
֮ʵ̫ϳϺ飬˺֮һںĴеһۻʸסݺݵѹ

ۻҧгݣĵˣԶʼ޸
ʵһ̫ϳߣȻ޸Ļᣬ֮ڣ֮նһɱ⣬̼˵ϡ

ۻʲҽУո޸һٴα飬ңһҲһ٣ֱ


1167 ۻʽ
ѪƮڿУ̶Ƭʱ䣬ʵ̫ϳ϶֣Я֮նɱۻʣʹһʿͷƤ飬ֹס巢
ǡǿɶǻ羳ĵۻʰĴڣȻ򵥾ɱˡ
촽¡
춼¶ݣ̫ˣ
䣡
ڣѹ죬Ƭɽֹסҡһһ̮
ʵ̫ϳϺƿأһ޴ĻɫٲԻͬǴǿѹ£۵ȻŵϵۻһС
鿪
˴𣬸չͨ⡣
Ȼʵۼ̫ϳϺ߶̫ǿˣȻԳֵͨȴҲǴƣıȫɣڿѪ
Ҳʱ¡¡ģ⣬ƺƵ£һϵۻ
ۣ
ϵۻʸոձɾӭµһסķ顣
𣡡
ʵһ̫ϳĵ
˵һǴƬӿɲǼ佫˵֡

Ĳҽϵۻʻûüֱӱꡣ

ˡ
ʵһ̫ϳ䡣
仰£¡¡ģŲâֱѹˡ
âһֱӷܣҴ˵ĻϢ˷ѹ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮɽⴴԱĺɣϲѪɫѺۡ

ҧ־ŭ
濹⣬ûʤ㣡
ҹĿԵú
λϣɫսµǸۻʣɫҲǺѿ
˶ǿȻڵۻҲܵУʱʵ̫ϳϺ߶ȴǸ޷⣬ʵ۷弶챦̫ˣԻһУû챦ǣԵס
¡¡
ɫâڱס񷡣
ɱƵ¡
ʵ̫ϳٴζ֣ԵĹԵһ̫ϳΪף𶯳Ļɱ⡣
Щɱͬ׹䣬գռѹˡ
˶ɫ䣬˿Ҵ⣬ǳڴӭϡ
Щ򽻲ǿǳ𶯶ɱײһʱȴǶԵЩתۼǱ͵ķ顣漴𶯶ɱƲ£۵Ľᴩ
һʱ䣬ĿѪˮƬռϣĿ
ɶ񣡡
Ĵۻҧгݡ
ʵһ̫ϳߣĿ飬ۻʼȣٴɱ
ģƬռʱ𶯣ɱٴѹĴۻʡ
ǳ͵ۻͨӭɱ⡣
һʱ䣬¡¡ģܶײһ绡֯ϡ
Ҳʱһ𶯣о˵ɫ⸡ƺƵѹ¡
սһԣС̫ڻɱߺ󣬼ʵ̫ϳȡǺһ߿ţʱٴγˣɫˡ
˵ֵɱѾˣסʱӭС̫ɫ⣬ԵУͬʱɣǵը
ˣ
С̫ˣһ˫ɻˣ䣬ȸ˵еĴһθ֣Ϣۻ룬춯أС
۲ҽУȫִȴվвĴ֮

ҽдŲʺ;漴üž
ۣ
֣һۻʱ
Զһʿľ
ϲʣһƬɽѾȥŸ羳ۻʣ
쿴ǰʣˡ
սϣʱɱĵۻʻʣ²ҹˣڼսµĵۻʣһ̵ɫѿ

ҧ
ԪݣΪֻرԴֻرԴԻµһȴǲ룬ֻ죬߾ȻС̫ôһͷµСޣȻʵеĹϵʵ̫ϳϾȻѹ˵˳
ߣ
ʵһ̫ϳߣۻʼӿڣʹõâʢ
ʱǿɱڳ֯ӿĵѹˡ
ѽ
С̫˫ɫѹϰ˻ģҲŲ˻ȥ
ֱ֮ڣŭӣǴ𣬴һ
ֻǣʵ̫ϳϺ߶С̫ɫ⣬Ȼǿ󣬵ȴҲЩشѪ䣬Ŀǳ
䣡
ʱʾͷҡµĵ֣Ҳֹһɣٳӿ
תۼ䣬ӰǶǲŵ
ǣ
Զһʿһ
Ȼۻʣ
ɫʱµĵۻʳ嵽Ȼ֣ҲΪֻرԴ
ۻʳϢǿᣬʵ̫ϳϣС̫Ͳ˵棬Ӷ΢΢һֻһ˲ѣһ̣˵ĿǶϣеһʱ䶼˵Ĺ⽻֯
ѹߣ
һ˿ڵֱӶ֣ƵۻʷĴ̽ץȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һ֣־ĸͬķҲѹȥ
Ȼˣһġ
ˣ
ֻڱգ˵졣
ʱһֻѹоһ̾ƺҪը

ʵһ̫ϳϴ
¡¡ģâۻʵͬʱĻɫɱӿŭۻʡ
ѽ
С̫˫ɫͬ˷ɣҲѹ
漴¡һ죬Ѫâ䣬ץĴͬʱ飬Ҷĺɶһʱ両ֳܼѺۡ
ǡ
˶̫ϳϺС̫иɫͬʱҲźâ
Ҳʱ¡¡ģ񷾡ͷµ֣ٳط
ɲǼ䣬һӰ֣طת˶ʮˣȡ
ֻ壡
ЩۻⶼǲԣʼһֱǶĿϡ
⡭
Զһʿļ£ʮɵٴγԶȥ
һ֪ʱ¶֮󣬻ϹȴҲû뵽ô࣬ڣѾʮۻɱ
ʮ򣬾Ȼôĵۻʼڣ
ʧɫ
ҧ羳Կ룬ۻʲε˷ǳϡ٣ǣʮȲε˻еģ
ʮӰطĿⶼϣн֯ɭĵľâ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һɹɵӿЩ˶ǶˣûʲôĻۻʷͬǿеڷڣ񷣬ʮգ볯ץȥ


1168 ֮ʦǧն
ʱʮۻʼǿһֳ̧֣ץȥǵǿĵͬǺӣһʱʮռ䡣
ǣἵϣһľǿߣ
ʣ
Ǹˡ˻Ļ
ǴǰĳƬ𣿣
аǰˣȻҲţ
ɷ߱ʣǰĿֲڣ⡭
⣬Щˡ
ԶʿУȺϳʮۻʣһļ¾㤡
ʮۼǿǲŰץͬʱ໥ҲھˣңѾڳۻʶ֣ǿĵۻʼɱԼ˿졣ΪǶΪֻֻ壬ֻһԣڶȡֻĹУ໥Ȼǵˡ
䣡
ռ飬Ȼ飬漴ֱ飬ȥԵЩˡ
ֻ·Ҫ׹˰㣬ֻһϢһֽҪĸоƺҪѿˡ

ʵһ̫ϳϴȣ𿪣漴ֻܼ⣬ն춯ֵʮۻʡ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫˫ɫ쫷ϯɨʮۻʡ
¡
ʱ񱩵ӿڷڡ
Щ£޲𹥻ʮۻʣʹʮۻʶǶݣץĴֱͬʱ𿪣һЩˡ
˭Ҷֻ壬ʵΪУ
ʵһ̫ϳȣԦǰʮۼǿߡ
ѽ
С̫ɫӿһʥĲʵ̫ϳһ𣬵ǰʮϵۻʡ
ʮۻǿ߶ʵ̫ϳϣЩ˸ȻǶʵ۷챦ЩɵͬʱС̫⽻֯ŵϢҲЩۼǿüоС̫Ĳһ㣬öԸȴҲֻɲǼѣһ̣Щ˵ĿʱеļɵǶʧˣһζ֣Ƶǿѹȥ
Щˣ󲿷ֶԪҪɿݣҪȡֻرԴԻµһһǼţȡֻرԴ󣬿ԽδߵĸԶϾֻǴ˵ǿҴδֹ壬̫Ĵɫʡ
ʱ򣬶Щ˶ԣֻ壬Ķʥҩ·ϵһھԵֻҪܹõǻµһͻƵǰδеĸ߶ȣǾܹõȾ޴ջǰǶʵļɵͶС̫ļɵȻȻֱѹȥ
䣡
ʮۻһ֣Ƭشɫʵĵۻܽ֯ˡ
ʵ̫ϳϽԸŭɫĿֱӽ߶¡
˵һϣһ̷·˹ʹɢϢ̼ƥĻɫ⻯һ˻ɱǰ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫𶯱˫ϯʮɫ쫷磬ʮۻʡ
ʱƬػζĸһѿһĳݡ
ʵ̫ϳϴ߶ӭսС̫ɫУԺǿᣬǣʱɱĵۻʵ̫࣬ʮǺҲֻǿס
Уϼһ̫ˣСһǿ󣬾ʵ̫ϳϴ۷챦ɻЩôȥᵲסģ
ҧ
Ȼǿһ㣬ɫܲÿ˫ȭͬһʱ䣬ʱʶƴȫͨʶײǱ߲񽣣ϣԽ֮ԽţֻҪܹ񽣣һԽⳡΣѡ
Ȼջʧˣʶײ߲һҲôͨԷͬʯһ㣬κλӦ
ģ

䣡
ʱϷµĵӿ֣һۻʳ֣Ĺ֮УһɣԶͶ֣ץ졣
ֲֻƵڱβ񷣬Ǿˡ
ϵۻɱ
ҧ
Ǽֱֻ̽ӸоձȫסˣָԶ
ﬣ
ͻȻһɫâ۵һѹĵۻʼնķ顣
Ѫˮ·ɽ
˭
ԶĹеĵۻʺȵؼʱ̱£ޱȵŭ
ϣһ֣ĿԵЩ䣬Ͽȥûʲô飬ĵȴǺۻ룬ǳˡ
ƶʱһʦʦ
ʦ
ԣǶݣˣȻƵʦ
ͷСȻһۻʵͽܣ
ۡһץǸۻʵĴ֣ž˵ĵǴڻۻ򣬶ңŵۻĲΡ
Ǵžɫ֪иʦ𻯵Ϊ˵Ƶʦɲ⣬Կ͸һֱǵáֻǣ뵽ǣƵʦȻôǿ󣬾Ȼһٴڻεĵۻʼ
⡭һֱ֪ͷӵľΪԼҲǾȣԵЩµģ漴ǺݺҡҡͷȲʱǾȵʱ򡣡˵ţ꣺Ǹʦæɣ
ɨƣĿϣ漴ƿĿ⣬ǰ
ǰ֪˵ƺֿѣһ£ΪǸʱ̫նɱʥӵ˵ĳԾӻķʽбǾƵӰ񣬲ʽ֮ʶӻķʽ¶ȻҲǿˣڴʱǰΪ֪Ҳһ
ﬣ
Х̶ǧƵĽֲһɫÿһͬһھɱĴͨһԶĹеĵۻǿߣһնС̫ʵ̫ϳʮˡ
ʱ䣬ط񷶼Ϊ֮ҡֲĽƺҪնء
ۣ
ԶĹеĵۻʵһĻնѪɡ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ʵ̫ϳҪͻƹѹʮۻУ󲿷ҲѣǿĽˣƬۻա
ʱطһʿǲһȿµĽ
춼̲ס¶ݣȽ̫ˣ콣ˡ
½ӣ
һŭС̫ʵ̫ϳҪͻƹѹʮۻ汻Ľնˣʱ꣬н֯ŽʵԵĻ棬Ȼϵú꣬ƺйʲôĹڡ
ŲطһʿһǶݡ
½ӣǸǧնۣ½ӣ
ǰķɱۻʰǿߵĽۣ
ˡǸǧնۣ
һʿź꣬һɫ


1169 ۻʼ̫
ź꣬һʿǾסˣǱɫΪ
źֿ꣬ƣ۵СʦС
춼ЩȣƵʦɲ⡣
½ӣ
һŭ𣬲涢ź½ӣͨһƣֱɱϡǰ½һƬż໥һҩܱ½һȻĽڣķǧǧǴĽڣ˼οµĴˣ˰Ԫ
ɱ㣡
ǧ꣬İ˰ԪȻǶԵۻʼҲԳ֮أȻǼǺ½ӣʱټֱӱɱ˹ȥһ˲仯Ļ棬ͬһ𺣰㳯½ӸǶϣպ졣
½̧֣Ľ϶Ųϡ
ЩͨĽÿһ֯еĵۻʷ򣬷ǳ
һʱ䣬ƺƵգѵء
ۣ
汻ն𣬲ɣߵһʱ䱻նķ飬ѪȾա
áǿ⽣ơ
Զһļ¡
ҲʱһߣʮɵӿΪֻϵۻʱˣȫʩΪǳץȥҪѹȡֻرԴ

ʵһ̫ϳϺ̫ͬϳȫ߶ʹϵܼ䷢ҫ۵Ĺâͬǻһ㣬һǿĻɫɱ⣬ĵۻǿȫУ޲𹥻
ͬһʱ䣬С̫˫ɫƵҲɱˡ
ʱ¡¡ģطضʼͬĩս˰㡣
ﬣ
һߣ½ٴγǧͬʱɱֻرԴʮۻʡ
Ƚǳ·նѺ͹ᴩһУݿ࣬ɵ
׻죡
һ
Զͨڣڴ֯ڴʱʩչһڼµ֮֮ͨƺƵĳ½ֶ¡
½̧֣ĽںΪһһɳͨ޽
ﬣ
޽գХ죬¡
͵һ׻ֱͨӱն飬ͨ޽Ʋֱڲϣ۵һն֧飬Ѫ˷
ЯǲѪˣԶʼ
Ҳʱ½ӵɱһƬС磬Ķǽ⣬ͬһƬ㣬ֱӽ뵽С
ʶ󡭡޾򣡡
ϱǿ߾
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
޾ڣͣĽƺƵնꡣ
ȹƿɲһ㣬Ͼʶ󣬴ĳ̶ֳ˵൱ˣԶԶǿֱͨͨʹò¶֮ɫ
飡
âţ֮ʩչۻɱ
ֻǣ޾ܿ£ɲǼĵۻɱʹ漴۵Ľᴩ˸顣

ǡ
۵
ǿ󣡡
ɫͷǸ棬¿Ƿǳƾãʵǳǿ󣬴ӶԷ֧Կó˿̣ôһǿߣȴǱ½ôɾնȷʵЩԾ
⡭
ƵۣЩ£Ȼǲ֪ԼʦȻôǿս
ǰۻ죬ݺᣬ汻նɱûӰ쵽ۻʣڳûκߵĴ㣬Ҫѹ죬ȡֻرԴ
ʵֻرԴջ̫ˣֻҪõζſɻµһζſͻƵߵĲΣ˵һڿԵûԸԵ
䣡
ﬣ
𶯣̶񷲻̮زϳݡ
һ̣ǿ½ӳ֣ʵ̫ϳϼټС̫ľʵֻرԴʮۻֱӱѹˣ·

ʮҽһϵۻ½ӵ޾֮С
ǧնۣáÿ£
ʿļ¡
ڣطѾѾʮۻʴˣ¡
ƬɽҪۻȺزɣ
⣬⡭
ʿĲͬһڣͬһطһôۻǿߣ¿Ǵδ
ǰ𶯣̶½ӣʵ̫ϳϺС̫ڴʱסȡֻرԴĵۻǿߡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ͻȻʾͷµӿ֣ת۶ѣʮӰΪۻǿߡ
϶
ʮϵۻǣȫҪ𣿣
ҧβŸոסʱʮۻѹ
ɫȻǲÿק˫֡
ʮ³ĵۻʿǿϢʼһֱǶס죬Գѹȥ
䣡
ﬣ
ʵ̫ϳϴ߶С̫ɫ⣬½Ӽܼɱһ¡
һʱ䣬Ƭɽ䣬ֲĵ֯񷶼ˣֲӿܣ޾սս
ʱԶеӿ֣ǾŸϵۻɱֱӶɱ졣
䣡
ʵ̫ϳϣС̫½ӺŸۻǿҲһ¡
ʱʮۻǿߣֱӴƣƵĲϺˡ
ʵǣɱĵۻ̫ˡ
С֮ǣˣ򣬴ʵ¹˶
ʵһ̫ϳϺ
Ȼһеʮۻǿ߶Ƕݣиֳɵı顣Ǵڵۻʾڣ´Ȼ˵һʵĿ£ųʷ޵Ļʣ̫նһﲻƣɵս
ʣ޵ˣ
һĮ
طλãһĽӰ֣ۻϢ֯
Զ䣬һִϣ֮ŤʼڻضΪ֮ڡ
Ϣǡ̫壿ˣǣѵǡ
ʮǰ̫۾ȻȻڣ
˵ڶ
ʿȻʵ̫ϳϣ½ӺʮۻҲɫ
̫۾ʮǰľǿߣΪ̫壬Ҵﵽ˵ۻʾ죬սνǿʢˣ˷һϹ
һۻʾ壿
ƤӾ
ɫʱøѿˣǿǶĲһ¡
̫۾ֲЩ֣
̫۾̫⣬ͬһԶһ
Ԫɱһֻ壬Ҳ̫۾ڣĿø䣺ɱ㣬ȡֻرԴҿԻͻԭеľ磬ﵽŴǵȸ߶ȣܳ嵽ߣƵʮݡ


1170 һһ
̫۾һۣͨƵ۹⣬֮ռһŤˡ
궼ɵһʱ̫۾ĿϣʱһֽҪϢʵĸо·ǺһֻεĴס˰㡣
ͷðһε亹ҧŶԷ
̫۾һĨ⣺ֻѣܵס۵ľѹֻ壡˵⻰죬һȥ
̫۾ֻΪʵֻ֣֮ʵµŭ𽫷ٱ죬۾Ϊ̫壬Ҳóܵˣ۾أ
ʵһ̫ϳϳ
Ϊһ޵ˣлᣬѹ̫۾Į˵⻰ʱȥĽŲûаͣפһɰƵʵһ̫ϳϺݺһֱӱƷȥ
ʵһ̫ϳڳǿ⣬ǿסΣɫò԰Щ

ʵһ̫ϳ϶̫ͬϳϿڣ˺ͬʱеΪȫʹų⣬ֱӺ̫۾
һ̣˶̫۾̸κνֻпء
̫۾ߣ𶯣һԻͬʵ̫ǰӭϡ
䣡
̫ϳȫ߶ײһض
漴һ̣ģʵ̫ϳͬʱɣԿѪ챦Ҳһ𿪣Զһɽ䣬̼ɽ
ǰǣ
ɫ
ͬʱʿҲһ
⡭
ʵۻʼǿߺ߶۷챦Ȼ˲ͱĺɣ
ʮ챾ԴĵۻҲݣ̫۾ǿ
̫۾䣬ɨ۱ɵ̫ϳϣۻҲţƾǣƿ۷챦Σ߶ΣһĮ˵⻰ʱڳȥĵŨЩ¡
ﬣ
Х̶½ǰһű֣ÿһǿʢˡ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫̫۾ɫ쫷縡ֶ֯ʥϢ
¡¡ģű񽣺ɫ쫷ӿƺƵĳ̫۾ѹȥ
ǲɲ
̫۾ᣬҵ̫ͬһӳǰ
͵ģű񽣺ɫ쫷ͬʱ
漴½ӺС̫𿪣ɳȥԶ
Сһǰ
ʦ
ͬʱɫ
䣡
ɫƵС̫ԶסΣ۾ŭ̫۾ˣ䣬ȸִ˵еٴθ֣쳤Хպա
һ̣Ĵ˳ȥͬʵԻ̫۾
̫۾Զݣ΢ȻоС̫Ĳһ㣺˼
˵ţӳҵ̫⣬κ˳Ĵӭϡ
䣡
ײֹⷽסĻζ绡ž졣
漴С̫һǱɣͬⶼû
Сһ
æǰһɹС̫ס
СһǱ϶Щɫʣһڵۻʣɱˣʱڵĸɾˡ
˵
С̫סСԴƫͷŭ̫۾
ʵ̫ϳЯأȾѪٴǰͬһʱ䣬½Ҳ˻ɫ԰Щʵ˲ǰ
ߣ
̫۾ɫᣬ䣬ǰ
ʮֻرԴĵۻдŵâʱûֶ֣Ȼ׼̫۾½ӵ˺Ż
䣡
ʱͻȻµĵ֣˿գۼǸϵ
˳֣ط֯ͬ嫺һӿ
ǣ
ۻʾ죬۷弶Ŀʦ
Ĺ棡
طһʿǶ𾪡
һ̣⼸ǿһӿ֣һӰԶ߿£ɲǼ˹ʮˣ֯˵ĵ
ǡʥ̵棡
ལ棡
ħڵ棬ҲҲˣ
Ϻɣ⣬ˡ
ǣߴۣ
Ӥˣ
طʿ𺧣һʮӰȺ󶼱˳
⣬ЩˡǴڵۻʾ죡Ϲﰡ
ʿļ¡
ɫѿ㣬֪Լֻһ¶һǿߣȴҲû뵽ô࣬һѾ˽һٸϵۻʣңУ̫۾ʱֵʮ˸ǸֲǵۻʾϹôµݣҪôȥֵ
ͬһʱ䣬ʵ̫ϳϺ½ɫһ䣬ֻ̫۾һˣǱѾ޷סʱ򣬾Ȼʮ̫۾ͬȼǿ߿絽ЩˣɸʵǿᣬϹﰡ
˲ϲ
̫۾ֹסĲɨʱֵʮˣԵЩ䡣
漴һߣͻȻ˲佫ʵ̫ϳϺ½ɣԼٿ죬̽ۻʴӡץȥֱڱãã񷡣
óѣֻ壬Ǳģ

Ϻٶȿ켫ۻʾΪȫǿֳ̧ץȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ĺ棬ལ棬ħڵ棬ʥ̵ۻʾϹҲˣ죬Ƶʮ
һ˲䣬ʮۻʾصϹץ죬ɲǼǱˡ
ֻΪУ

ƾ£
ʮϹ
¡¡ģʮץֱ飬໥ս
һʱ䣬˵ĵ֯ʮطƵһһĻ籩
⡭
һʿʮۻʾϹ棬ǵȳֲ˼㡣
ಣ
ʱƿһַߺпͨ彻֯Ĺ⣬еۻΣһһͼƣȰ㳯ȥٶȿ쵽㡣
ǣ
ͼƣǡ˵еľĹŶ
һֱڰУʱ֣
ʿɫ
̫۾ϹǴŭԱɱ⣬붯شˡȻ˵ٶ̫ˣƺһֱڰ׼ţʱǾûס
Сӣˣ
ƴС
Ҳɫ䣬ǲơ
ֻǣΪôܿùۻʼ˲ͱԷǰ
ֻ壬Ǳˣ
ţֱ̧֣ѹ£ɵĴֽʮ
Ȼһ̣˺ɫһ䣬ѹĴֲһͣһĪĻ̿ͻأС
ͬʱǰϢĶһӣۣģʡ
ַ߶ˣɫٱ䣬оͨ嶼ñˣͬǿ˹Ŵһ㣺㡭

꿪ڣĿЩ䣬ʹò񷶼Ϊ֮һ¡
ַ߾ͻأһѺۣ漴۵һըͬҲûܶݳһ顣


1171 Ӣ
ѪƮڿУֵ̫ͻأˣף֮ǰûκ˲ʱſеѪˮƮɢ˶ǲһ
ֻ³һֶѣȻٵһ羳ĵۻǿߣ
ǺεȵĿ£
⣬ˡ
һʿ㤣ͷƤɵЩ顣
̫۾ʮϹﶼͫһĿȫڰϡ
⣬⣬⡭
Ű꣬Բۡ
𾪣ͬʱҲϲֱ𺳣ŵĶǰİ꣺ϼһ㡭ģʣĶʦϾƹ
ʱϾƹȻ֪Ͼƹܾ޺ǿ󣬵ȴǾݺͺɫһۻǿߣȻϾƹ³һ־͸Ĩɱˣ
Ͼƹתžľ͸һƣô˿ţвУʦֲȱ첲ȡ
죺
ƵֱۣΪϾƹһֻٵһۻǿ߾ȣΪʱϾƹĻʦСӵġʦ
ʦһ
¡֪ϾƹһЩ£ۼϾƹϾƹȻİ
ѽ
С̫챧ţʱСԴϾƹƯĴ۾ĹԲԲģһ汦ģ
ϾƹͷС̫лһĨ⣬ǿһЩʲô
ʲôˣ
һ̫۾ڣĿϾƹϣԵЩĮ
ϾƹĿС̫ƿ죬Դתȥ
̫۾ĹϹɨһߵʮϵۻʣϵıõĮ
ΪӣǽٸۻȺڵ̣治С
˵
ʮۻʸһϾƹֻʦ
ô˵ҲȡֻرԴ̫۾Įĳ㲻򵥣Ϊܵסۣܵסطˣ
Ͼƹ鵭Į̫۾ϣǰȣһǿ˳ȥ
һƵŭӿ𶯳ա
飡
̫۾׻ɡ
㡭
ԶסΣ̫۾ɫʱüΪ̫壬ǵۻʾ̫壬ʮȴȻƾ͸ĺɡ
㲻Ծĺǿ𡣡
ϾƹĮ
Ż䣬Ͼƹٴ˲̫۾ǰнƾն֡
וּһ̶֯һ𣬵£񷶼նΪΡ
̫۾絶һ̫ٲӿ𣬳һѹȥ
ɲǼѣײһ
һ죬ͬƥ˺ѣһն̫ٲƲն¡
ۣ
ѪˮĽ̫۾ֱӱնΪΣѪȾա
̼䣬طʧɫ
Ǹ̫۾ۻʾ̫壬ȻȻһնˣ
˭
⣬ûӡ󡭡
࿴ʷᣬƺû˵
ѪоȥôôһҲ񡭡ʲôϹŶ
Ͼƹһʿסˡ
Ƶֱۣˣʱ𾪵ı飺⣬⣬⡭
ǰڵʱǴڵۻ죬ڣǵʲô߶ˣȻô׽Ǹ̫۾
¡
̫۾ڵۻʾ죬̫壬ȴ㱻ϾƹһնΪΣʵļ£ɾԲǵۻ˿԰õ¡
ϤϾƹ춼ɵöݣϾƹǿһδ𺳡
ˡ
£
ʵ²
½Ӻʵ̫ϳ֮ǰ̫۾ɣʱ˻Ѿ֪ϾƹĹϵʱϾƹľݡ֮ǰǺϣ۷챦ס̫۾Ͼƹǲûôͽ̫۾һնΪʹǸ𺳡ΪҪǣʱ⼸ǿ߶ǿ˳Ͼƹֻаضѣ
аضѣʹﵽ˵ۼ߶ȣȻѹƵۻʾص̫۾
貵ԶˣƺҲҲһ⡭
ʵһ̫ϳ϶ϾƹĿ˸
䣡
ʱһǿܳ𣬵ۻѹɢ̼˴Ƭա
Զ̫۾۳İɭ˻СϾƹ̫ȻҲǿϾƹʵ꣬С̫̫ࡣϾƹɣһն̫壬ʹоһԵ裬еɱŨҵ˼㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ĹʮۻҲڶϾƹҲǿĵۻϾƹʵ꣬Ϊ֮ݣӽΪ֮һ
ϾƹĿ̫۾ϣĮֻرԴĵ
̫۾ɱŨһԼʹǳ
һǿҵ̫ڳһӣڱʮ񷡣
ն㣡
䣬Ͼƹ̫ѹϣƺҪﶼڻ
ϾƹûʲôۻһƬռ䶼ҡ̼仯һܴӭ̫۾̫ӡͬһʱ䣬ϣܼĽϢĳ֣ǧϺɣӤˣߴۺʥʮۻʾϹնȥʮۻնȥ
޲𹥻ˣ
Ϻɵ˸ɫһӽԱñ
ſС
һʿвѣȻͬʱʮۻʶ֡
ն
Ϻɺֱӳ֣ӿãã·Ҫѹʹء
ͬһʱ䣬ʮۻĿһ̼ͨѹϾƹ
һʱ䣬ģƬزϱѣ˲Ϣʮɡ
ϾƹһϮۣ߾Ӳ񷣬
һһɼΪ˵ĵڳںƵиܼĽâ֣ÿһâ·նأÿһâ·ĨɱС
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ʮۻʴͨһն飬漴飬ɨϰ˻ġ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһʮۻʱնĺɣֱӵըͬҲһ顣
ǽٸ϶ǿֻرԴ浱ĵӺ۸
Ͼƹ䵭һɱ⣬ƽյɢȫһˡ
Ż䣬һӿֲĵ֯񷶼Ϊ֮ɫ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɨ˷
ȽâֲնУһۻǿߣնһѪˮ

ҽ𾪣ſ־壬ۻʱն
⣬⡭
˾㤣ñˣֹסĲ
һ빥ʮۻʣתۼնˣ
첻ɵһ𣬿ŲϵϾƹ־ֺֹס˸
̫ǿˣ
ˣŲ߽ͬһ㣺ϣɡ


1172 ɨ
ӿռ䲻סҡ񷶼Ϊ֮ɫסˡ
Ͼƹ۽ɨ˷ͬʱסʮϹʮۻǿߣûаŵŴ齵ΰˡ
⣬࡭
һ̫ϳϵĿϾƹϣķˡ
Աߣһ̫ϳϺ½Ҳ𾪣һˣͬʱʮϹʮۻʹɱתնɱˣǺεȵǣǺεȵĿֲ
ﬣ
â̶
ϾƹһϮۣԵۼâסʮϹʮۻʣһһ˲ǽۻǿ߸նĺɣ˿ɵ
ſС
Ϻ䣬ܷӿͬԵ󣬳Ͼƹȥ
һʱ䣬ޱձɱƾˡ
ϾƹĮһֱ̧һ˹ȥ
ͣ
ǿһ̼֯佫ϺɼĻĵķѣһƬƬ˺ˣƮɢڿУһɴϺϡ
Ϻɵ̫ͬ۾㱻ĺɣʼһͳ˴㡭ٴοϾƹ˼΢õۻʾ۷ǿߣ߶ܹɱȴȻһͱϾƹɨɣսһ¡
һ˶ѣҹɱˣΪԼ޵ˣһ𹥻ɱ
еۻ˺ȵ
䣬¡¡ֱӻһڳͨ춼ӿɱ⺧ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳڶ֣â⣬ֱ
ϾƹɫĮԣٳһ򷨲մ
ۣ
ղſںȺһ𹥻ϾƹĵۻǿѪɣۻ̱鲼Ѻۡ
ͬʱϾƹ̧֣һ콣âԻն¡
ס
ۣ
ѪըںȺǸۻǿֱӱնķ飬
ȡıԴҾնǵԪȡıԴ߳ԶҾնǵϰǰ·
Ͼƹ䵭
וּһ۳һ⽣նһۻǿߡ
۵һԶĵۻǿֱӱնķѣֻһǱĶݳһľֱ飬Զȥ
ҲʱһĿٰ㽫˵֡

ҽдһɢ˵ֱӱķ顣
ֶΣסطˣһʿ뵹ľ
ֱǡɱۻնݣ
׶־ֺŶССӣʦǷŭ˰㻹ף
ǡ̬ڰ
ƺݺݵ˿Һ
һ˶ʮۻʣ֮תնˣʲô
˸ǾǼ
ʦаضѣʮۻʣͶѹء
оܽ
䣡
ҡΣ裬һ顣
Ͼƹսһ˺ʮۻʣһ۳Ĺ⽣ն
ˣ
Ϲ˫Ժ۷弶챦һȭϾƹͷ­
һȭ£ضͬһը˰㣬ǵȿֲȻһЩϹﶼɵͷƤ飬һȭ֮
Ͼƹɫɣ̧𣬻ȭӭϡ
תۣȭײһ
飡
պӶȭϹϾƹȭͷֱӱ飬ңһ˵Ĵ˳ֱ۶ϣ۵һߵķ飬Ѫķ
ͬһʱ䣬ϾƹһһնߵҲ顣
⡭
طĺϾƹ̲ס¡һۻʾϹϾƹǰȻĴ

ŭ𣬵ȣϹ𶯣תܳǡ
ʱ¶ϾƹϹ֮ͬǰϺɰ㣬оһɺӽŵһУǵϣӲκˣʤͬĵۻǿ̫ˣȴϾƹһȭңϾƹģһȭ·ֻûжȫ
ﬣ
Ͼƹ⽣һĽâնϹ
âޱʹϹﵱһܡ
৵һϾǵۻʾϹڼ䲻ݷһ
ֻǣˣһۻǿȴѣֱӱһնͷ­Ҳһ顣
ʮۻ޲ĺϾƹս̫ˣ˶оһɾ壬ʮۻʾصϹﶼ⡣
ֻһ˶ѣܵסôˣչͨеֻɱлȡֻرԴ
̫۾ȵ
ʮϹʮۻǿߣÿһ˶һǽϲô೬ǿߺһԷ츲ˣûʲô첻
ɱ
ۻʾϹӦ³һ֣ϣ֮ͨ
վֻһˣ
һ˵
ն
ɱ
е
һۻ̿ڣԺƵǿĵۻʷ볯Ͼƹûȥ
ǽΪۻʣƽռʮ˺һȥͬΧɱͬһˣڣôˣ໥ϹɱϾƹţԿѹϾƹն
Ȼܿ죬ЩʧˣϾƹǿ󳬺˵ʮۻʺɱ֮Իȴ˵ϾƹУ
ܼĵۻɱУϾƹɫ䵭ͥɢ㣬еɱⶼԿһһܿʮۻʵͨ󣬳̫۾ǰ
̫۾һ£ܵĵһ㡭
ﬣ
Ͼƹеܹ⽣һ𣬱Уն̫۾Ļ۵һؿڣۻѪҺȪˮӿ
̫۾ڿѪ𶯣Ͼƹᴩؿڵ񽣣ȰˣЩˣȻʩչĳǿ˲ȥǧԶ
ϾƹɫĮϢԵЩ翣ֻһٴγ̫۾ǰ
̫۾ͻأоЩëʩչޣٴκƶˣ뱻ϾƹȻʧˣٶȷǳ죬ǣϾƹٶȴǱ죬ôƶ˦ϾƹϾƹӰһƶ

̫۾ŭ𣬺¡һ죬ֱӳһ񺣣ϣһƵԻͬʵֲ̫תۼƵܵÿһ䡣
ǣ̫򡭡̫
طһʿļ£̫۾˿̼̫
쿴ǰȻҲľΪֹ̫һԣǳĿ£ԴݻһСʱ̫۾ԵۻʾΪ򣬸ǽӵһֲ
ʱϾƹѾ֪ϾƹǿˣȴǲɵЩģϾǵۻʾ켶̫򣬻ˡ

죬̫۾̫˵ͻأıˣǿֹ̫һ㣬Ƶ̫£˲佫Ͼƹס


1173 صӡ
ҵ̫ʮռ䣬ֱӽϾƹ뵽С
ɫһ䣬룬ǷǳΣյ¡
ˣ
ͻȻ̫һɫͼԻܼ֯ơ
Ͼƹɫͼͷ̫ͬƽ̹ϣ̫Ŀֲȫڣ޷մȾĵ
⣿
ڵۻʾǿߵ̫У˿Ӱ죿
ôܣ
˾㤡
ӵзǳҷǳ˵һУȱȫѹס޷񣬻羳̫۾߶ǿ̫ϾƹУϾƹȴûܵӰ죡
˸оâúŨ
޵ѹƣϾƹҲѹƣֻǣ߼ȴȫͬѹƣֻǿԣϾƹԾǿѹƣǿдڵĹ
졭
Ŀ࣬ˡ
ʵ̫ϳϺ½Ҳľǲľ˸
ͬһʱ䣬սУ̫۾ɫ䣺ܣ̫壬ֻ֮µʮһУҲǷǳǿ壬ԵۻʾΪ߶̫ȴѹסϾƹ򣬶ϾƹЧ
ﬣ
ˣϾƹͷͼ̫У̧һն̫۾
ǿһĻ꣬ᴩ̫۵һ̫۾ᴩ
̫۾Уŵŵɺˡ
ҲʱϾƹ̫е۽һӣնǧĽϺɵ۵ʮۻʣʮۻʣٴһһӰתۼٴγ̫۾ǰֱ̽Ӷ׼̫۾
̫۾һϾƹֶκٶЩ㡭
ˣ
Ͼƹ鵭Į̽ɫͼԻֱӽ̫۾֡
ɫͼԭֻһţתۼ両ֵڶţǵţţɫͼصһɫ⾶ֱüŨϢˡ
̫۾һʱɫ䣬ͼԻһ̣оԼڽ̣ͬҲھҪĳС

̫۾ŭͼȫɫͼҪ
һʱ䣬ɫͼ¡¡ƺһ̾Ҫ鿪
Ͼƹɣ˵һɫͼԻǰɫͼصɫͼ𶯣ʹɫⱩѹУ졣
ǣ
ɫһ䡣
֪ϾƹʱʩչӡɣһǿͨϾƹͨҲͨǳӡ޾ҲֻزŶԣϾƹȻ˵صͼ
Խͨļޣݻ˸ߵľ磿
ͷһٴ𺳡
ӡԶ𿪴ϷӡϾƹȻԽ֮ͨӼ޵ĵݻ˵أǺεȵľžޣ
ˣ
ɫӿʮطƺﶼҪصͼӡ
̫۾¶˾֮ɫӷڵĵۻ
ҿ

һʱ䣬ҵ̫ӿ𶯾졣
Ȼһ̣âʢɫͼֶǰͼһ̼ѹУĥ̫ԡ
ɫٱ䣺ڡأ
ԽӡؼޣͨѾϾƹݵ˵أ
ҽǰ̫۾˫ȫ־ǣϾƹУס֣ҡ
ˣ
âƵѹС
Ͼƹ䵭һͼںϣһ޴ɫУɲǼ佫̫۾û˽ȥ
ûаѪˮڿУΨһžֺ;Ĳҽ漴̫۾ʧӰ٣ͼݻɫڣ
һʮǰĻڶϹۻʾ̫壬ʹɢ
ʿľϾƹ
Ȼʵ̫ϳϺ½ǿҲɵļ£֮ǰȫҲⲻ˵̫۾񣬾Ȼ㱻Ͼƹնˣɱ
⡭
ƶ¡
ȻҲ𺳣ͬʱҲЩ
Ͼƹ̫ǿˣ
ﬣ
ٶ̶ˡ
ϾƹӡĨ̫۾ûʲô仯·ʲôҲûֱе۽նʮۻʣһܼĽâԻ



ȽâЩ£ᴩһռˡ
С
ϹҧǿͨڱããϾƹ
ͬһʱ䣬ۻҲǲ飬һɱƵ𶯲
ܼܼͨâײһ𣬾ֱ
Ͼƹһһȭ£ֱӽǰۻҵĺɣһǴڿѪʶе궼Ѻۡ
һϣȫɱ
˴С
¡¡ģʮۻ붯ϾƹΧͨϵѹ¡
͵һʮֱӱˡ
âڱС
ϾƹԵУͼ壬ããĻڿ۽ٴնĽâҪС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըۻǿߵն飬ֻʣǱĶ߳
Ҳʱɫͼɶת۽긲ǡ

˲ҽУ굱ͼ
ۻʱ׶ݺ˿ҺССӣʦҪˣ
оâŨĿǰ
¡
𶯣һƬƬı顣
Ͼƹһ˺ʮϹʮۻʣûаƣͥɢʮǿߵΧɱȦУһն֯ӡˡ
ǸۻǿߺɣһǴڿѪ
䣡
ͬʱûķǣһ顣
ϾƹӶеܹ⽣նѹǰĴƬɱ⣬񽣺ǰ
飡
飡
飡
â磬֯˵ĵֱӽǰۻʾϹɡ

Ϲɫɭ
һ򣡡
һϹȵ
˵ţֱӶ֣¡¡ģĴӿ𶯲ʹء
ɱ
ʮۻʺХɣһ̽ۻʼķ𶯶
ʱǱɱϾƹΪֻɱϾƹǲпܴȡֻرԴңϾƹǿƶ֣ͬʱÿһˣǲɱϾƹֻܵűɱȻûԸⱻɱ
䣡
ʱʮۻǿ붯ֵ֣ۻʵӿֱӻһĺ󣬽طȫˣǵȿֲϢҲ֪֮ǰ̫ǿ˶ٱգѹʮƺƵĳϾƹûȥ


1174 ս
ۻʼǿߣÿ˶ƿ಻ͬĴʱʮۻʼ߶򣬽ֵ֯ۻʼôĵۻʼںһǵƵǿֲˣƬձ飬ⶼ˳
䣡
һ̣Ƭؼ䣬ͬ󺣰㷭ӿһɹɴĺˣһʱǽϾƹûС
͵ģռǱһһƬƬڣȥͷƤ顣
ߣ
ۻʾϺɵߣĿ顣ôĵۻʼԻһˣţϾƹ뵽У⣬ܻĽ֡

ۻʾϹ
ʵ̫ϳϺ½ӶݣѾ֪Ͼƹǿ󣬵ʱôĵۻʼһϾƹ֣ȴҲʵһںΣյ£̲ס
ΣôĴ⡭
ƶݣҲǵ
ԱߣûпڣȴЩɫ
ʵǣٵۼһ𣬻̫ǿˡ
Ȼע⵽ǵı飬֪ʲôҲĸоֵۻʼںһֵжôµĻǣıȴǺ򶨣û֮ͬǰ̫۾̫ʱǰ㵣Ͼƹ
ûģϼһһû⣡
˵
ͣ
µһ˲䣬ǰӿְٵۻʷ漴һѺۣͬմһ㿪ʼ顣
ʮۻǿ߸һ䣬ʱǵĴȻڷɿ߽⡣
͵ܼĵѣϾƹһӿĵâ߳

ʵĵ֯Ͼƹ⣬ǻĸԴһ㣬˲ˡ
ϣϾƹƽ֮һлһսᡣ
¡¡ģضҡϱѡ
ǣ
Ϻɵ۵ϹﲻһʮۻҲǸɫ
ʵ̫ϳƤӾ½ͫ͵Ľ
쿴ǰӦϾƹĵâһ̣Ҳǲɵһ
ſڣ૵աս
Զһʿȫˡ
սǧһ׵Ļһ꣬ʲôս֮Сƿս
ϱʿԶԶĶϾƹˡ
¡¡
һ֪һڵƲգ佻֯һ磬ͬһͷͷڷڣսϢƵؼ䡣
ôܣаشﵽۻʾ죬ңƿս
ӤϹ̲סе
ô£
һڵۻʸļ¡
սôãЩۻʿϾƹʵ꣬ҲϾƹľΪ꣬ۻʾ죬ЩϹһϵۻʸ𺳡ʱʱӦϾƹĵâЩϹϵۻʸʧɫԲһ¡
Ȼս
ǧУһĴʷϼصĴδƿعĴ
ô᣿
ϵۻĲ
аرﵽ˵ۻʾĸ߶ȣƿǧһĴδƿعսˣЩۻǿ߸оˡ
ϾƹƵââ֯е۽ϡ
ﬣ
һ֣նǰ
ʱ䣬һսĴâնһۻǿס
ۻʼһ𣬳ǿֶο⣬ӭһ
һ̣͵һ˳ǿֱֶӱ𣬻ǹ⡣
ͬʱϾƹնĴɱƲȵϡ

ҽۻըѪƮɢɻңһʱ䱻ն
ʮۻһղŵ˿Ǵڵۻ۷壬ȴǱһ͸նˣ궼飬ʹЩ˸оĺһɾ⡣
ﬣ
죬Ͼƹһ
һ˲䣬ʮɳÿһ϶ǲսĲ
һڵۻʽԱɫͨӭĽâ
ֻǣ֯սĽâ̫ˣͨʹǵֵסգۼ䱻ʮۻʸɣͬʱѪ
սһ꣬һжսᣬˡ

춢ǰеľâŨ
ﬣ
ХӿϾƹϣвս⽣һն
һֻɳȴ֮ǰĽҪǿ࣬֯ŵսǳŨգۼսС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۻǿ߱飬ҽжһ
սΣܻٵõУε
ۻʾصĻӤ˺ȺӿƺƵĳϾƹѹ¡
ͬһʱ䣬Ϲ͵ۻǿûаԥҲǿɱ
һʱ䣬µʶƵѹС
Ͼƹ䵭սâӿϵƿʼΪ֮漴һ̣һֱ£ÿһ綼սĲ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һʮۻʼȫٵ˵ŵŵɵĺˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ۻϵۻʱµУըͬһ
ǲ
Ͼƹһ£ռֱˣԳս֮
ĿռǰУתۼѱǳڵۻʾصĻӤǰ
ӤһΪϾƹսæˡ
ֻǣϾƹٶȳƽȸһߡ
Ӥ˼ˣ㡭

Ͼƹ֣ռ䵱ʱˣԴԴϵսּ䣬һƳŻӤ¡
Ӥļ£æִһִӭϾƹһƣȴסսĵϾƹƼ䷭ӿ̼ǻٵһС
ۣ
ѪˮĽӤ˵ը

ӤŭӳŲȱѪ⣬Զȥ
Ͼƹޱ仯е⽣֯ϻսâӳ
ݵһսâ⽣ٶȿ켫գۼ׷ϻӤ˵ꡣ
ۣ
۽Ӥ˵ᴩսĵâʼ塣
Ӥ˲ҽУ漴ŭģ𣡡𶯳꣬ȼһ֮⣬֮ǿҪϵսâ
Ȼս̫ǿˣȻӤȼҲǸֵס

һĲҽһ̣Ӥ˵Ѫ걻սɡ

طʿ㤣ľ
⡭ֵ
һ˲
ŲϵϾƹϾƹĵâ֮ɫ
սսһУ
ѡѾжʮۻʱնˡ£ŲϵϾƹСӣ㡭ʦŭֱˡ
桭ѵ㣬ննֻرԴˣ
Щ


1175 ޽ӽ
ʮϹʮۻǿߣϾƹֺûжʱ䣬ѾնʮˣаۻʾϹʵ˾㤡
⣬ֱǡ
Һ
ѽѽ
С̫ϾƹˮĴ۾ɱɱġ
쿴ŲϣϾƹˣ˰𾪣ȴǼԺΪʦ
Уˣ
еۻʸеηˣۻʾս̫ڿˡ
޷սʤ
ۻļ¡
ЩۻʴԪҪɿݣΪ˻µһȡֻرԴȡֻرԴ־ǳᶨǣʱв˸еĲˣһ⣬ʵϾƹֶ̫ˣתۼն˶ʮۻʡ
ߣۻʾصϺĿĵǿҲֻһ˶ѣڵܹ֧սãܺĵùôˣձ
Ĺе£
һۻʾϹĵ
Ϲ￪ڣطһЩ˾ϵۻʵɵһ¶ЩĹ
ûȻǿȴޣôˣ֧Ų̫ã
Ĺ⣬ɣ
ɱȻ󣬶ֻرԴ
ϵۻʵ
Щ˶Ͼƹɱǹķ
ֻɱϾƹȡֻرԴ
ɱ
ۻʾϺɵȣһ֣ĳĵۻʷӿϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮϹ͵ۻҲ֣ǿͨ
¡¡ģʮռһʱ䱻ѳƬֲĴѹϾƹ
Ͼƹ䵭һսâӿתۼ۳һս۽һǰ
һȫս۶ɣ֮һжж뵽սڣۻʵͨתۻҽ
Ͼƹ粽ս۽̧ƾն£Ƭƺпˡ
ۣ
һۻǿ߱նն꣬漴ս۽ֱ֮ڲԶһǧɴɽϣֱӽɽķ飬ɳ졣
ù˼ɺͺ£ͨԶɱĹ֧Ų̫ã
ۻʾϺɺȵ
¡¡ģһǿ߶֣ܼĵâɱһγϾƹѹ¡
Ͼƹ⽻֯սâ򷨲մƫͷϺɵۣսâӿһռޣֻһͳϺǰ
ϺһæˣʵϾƹսâоЩĲ
ֻǣϾƹٶ̫ˣϺȻڵۻʾҲ˦Ͼƹ֮ͬǰ̫۾ͻӤ˰㣬ϾƹӰС
ﬣ
ϾƹӶеսâ۶ɵĵ۽䵭նȥ
Ϻɼˣ򿹺⣬Ͼƹһӭȥ
Ȼս̫ǿᣬƺǵԻһУתۼС
۵һս۽ᴩϺɣƬѪҺ

Ϻ𶯵Ƶ۹⣬תۼʮִͨϾƹ
Ͼƹɫ䣬̧һѹ¡
ۣ
Ϻɼʮͨתۼ䱻漴ߵֱը鿪
ҲʱϾƹֽһսâӿϣϺ֡

ҽеһʱ䴫սâУϺ겻ϱĥ
ҿ
Ϻڲҽд𣬻ǱͷţϢӿգһС
ܼսâϾƹĵ۽Զ˶ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ϲ͵ۻǿߵɱâʱѹϾƹ
¡¡ʮռ䶼ˣˡ
Ͼƹǣûʲô仯ս·һնһռѷ죬һС
漴һ̣˳ȥϺԱߣռѿϾƹп
Ϻɵʧɫ㡭
Ͼƹ̧֣׼Ϻɣɫͼ۶ӵһתصأϺǡͼںϣһɫС
ϺɵݺһΪ֮ǰǼϾƹһ̫۾
£ȫ⣬ȼһֵԴת۱ܡ
¡¡ģһҡƵ۹鲼죬ɫƾܿ
ﬣ
ϾƹӶеս۽һѹ¡
Ϻɵݺһصӡżսֱӽâѹ£ɫнһĳȥ
ס֣
ֲֿһϺԿˣʱ̲סС
Ͼƹ䵭һӡں϶ɵɫͬսһ𱬷ֱӽϺɳûۻͬʱҲꡣ
طһ˾㤣̲סһۻʾϹﱻնˡ
ͬΪۻʾ죬ǣЩۻʾصϹʵǡ̫ˡ
ŲϵϾƹɵö¡
̫̫ˣ
Ҳļ¡ǣһ˺ɨٵۻʰ
쿴ŲϣʱѾǳ׵ķϾƹڣطЩۻʸκһ˿ķˡ
ϣϾƹâ֯սâ۶ɵĵ۽ٴն
וּһսâĽնи˿ռ䡣
ۣ
ǰһۻǿ߱նķѣΨǱӳ
Ҳʱһս£ֱӽ˶ݳķ飬ʹš
Уסľ֮ǰǻѾȫɱˣ
лĵۻʵס˸ͷһ亹ֶ
һڵۻҲļ£ʱϾƹоһĺ
䣡
ʱʾͷһѪâеԶ
Ѫâӿųǵɭ⣬ÿһ£ƬضΪ֮һʿļ£ʮۻʾϹﶼɵöݡ
ߡ߾аۣ
Զа벽ϱʿ£ȻϳѪâꡣ
ˣҲǲɵһĸо˵Ŀ£֮ǰ̫۾ϹҪǿ̫ˣͬն
߾аۣʮǰ޽ӽεˣȻڻţ
ɫȻ֪߾аۡ
ʲô
һ޽ӽεˣ
ɺ𼶵ж£̧ѹСѪâ߾аۣ޽ӽΣ
ʵ̫ϳϺ½һҲʧɫˣǲɵô󾪡
ֻرԴҪˡ
߾а˫дһӵаԣͬѪĵޡ
Ͼƹֽϣˣûʲô仯սâ˶
һ̣Ŀ߾аƿطͱλá
ҲʱλúͱλøԽ֯һǿӰͬʱطһͨŰħ⣬һŨâɢϢǻˣ˿߾а۲ƴԶʱһ㡣


1176 ǿƵ
߾а֮ǿһâһͨħ⣬ɢϢ˿߾а۲ʮۻʾϹǿࡣ
Ƶ
ħ𣡡
һʿϱǿ̲סг
ٴαɫƵħ𣬶Ƕʮǰˣ߾аһǡ޽ӽ𾳲εˣȻõĻţ
΢Ȼ֮ǰѾ˲²⣬ʱĻǼһ߾аۣʱ򣬾Ȼ޽ӽ𾳵ˣ
ˡ
̫ϳϺ½ȵۻǿ߶ǵ΢ϲ˾ɫ˵̫۾Ϲô߾аˣʾ
ۻʾߴ۵ϹﶼǶݣʮۻҲĿ𾪡
˵е޽ӽ𾳲εˣʵǿֲĺܣ
߾аۣƵħǶס졣
ǵӸޱ䣬˲ɣС
ֻ塣
߾адаѪâһֱӶˣȥ
ģ
𣬴һ˿Եħ֣Ҳ졣
Ƶû˵ʲô⻷ƣһֱ̽ץ졣
޽ӽ𾳽ͬʱ֣ʮռҡƺٵ
ƣ̫۾Ϲﵱǿ̫ˣȫǴһΣ˶ļµ
ﬣ
Хˣ𶯳ա
Ͼƹ֣սɵһսὣâֱն
͵ģâ֮һսᣬ
߾а΢ֹסŲԳӭĽâĳһơ
ƣۻ룬սὣâһʱ䱻顣
ͬһʱ䣬ȴҲǸԱĵһΣһ
ս
ƵͫһԵޱȵͳĶսὣϾƹ
ͬʱҲ¶ɫЩԾ
ȻƿսħϾƹͬƵͫһ£ѪƶϣŰѡ
ʱȻ
߾аžɫһ˲˲ĶϾƹĿԵɭˡ
ﬣ
̶Ľ𣬽ƾꡣ
ϾƹûһĻеս۽ٴնƬâϯʮ
ЩâԼս֮նħնߴ۵ʮϹնʮۻʣͬǰ㣬˶ڹ֮С
˶ʹʿһ˶ǲĵ
̫̫ǿˣСӣʦֱֱǡһͿ
¡߾аۣƵħɸ޽ӽε˰ˣʱ޵еĴʣϾƹȻͬʱɱˣͬһʱ޲Ĺɱĵۻǿߣ
СѾǿƹ׺ˣʦǿƸ׺ݣ˿ҺǡҪСȫնĽడ
ŲϣǾâʱҲЩֵϾϾƹȻǿ߾а˿ɶ޽ӽ𼶲εĴڣңϾƹͬʱڹɱϹʮۻʣѹʵ̫ھ޴ˡ
С
ſ񣡡

߾аһнԱ˵ĺ⡣
ʱ䣬¡¡ģƬͨĵӿ䣬ֱսὣ⡣漴˵ĺһɹ˵쫷ϯϰ˻ģĿ񱩵ۻֱռƬأﶼڲ
飡
飡
飡
ܣʮۻʽԱɢĿֲĺɣڿѪۻʾߴ۵ϹҲûܿסԶԶ˳ȥ
⡭
ޱƽ𾳲εˣơ
˭ܵˣ
һʿľʱɢĵʵֲ̫ˡ
Ǹˣûб𿪣ס˵ѹ
Ҳʱָսϣϴžɫ
˳˵Ŀ⣬ȥʱսУϣϾƹһվԭأû˿仯ΨԵ졣
С
߾аɭȻ
еͣ
Ƶͼħ𿪿ڣһ
Ͼƹ񷣬䵭ǰڷ˵ĵγɵ쫷ҡڡ
һ̣һϵƿʼͬɽ˰㣬תۼ񷣬춯أ



ʮһ飬󣬱Ⱦ˵ֱ顣
˲䣬һ
⣬ơ
˿߾аǲ
ˡ
ʿľ
ʵֽһ½Ҳһ¡
үѾû˵ˡ
۵
ҡҲǡ
૵ĵ
춢ŲϣɵȭͷϾƹһһεĸ𺳡
߾а۵׶ݣ¶𾪡
Ȼȱ
߾аɭ
ҲϾƹоŨһصˣ޵һٶˣȻܹȼȴʮˣһ̣Ͼƹеľ⽥ɱ⣬ɱ⣬̹Ǳ
ն
ħ
¡һŻ䣬ֱӶ֣ƵħâϾƹѹ¡
ͬһʱ䣬Ƶ߾аһ֣Լɱ⣬顣
аؾͲȴʮ˲ʱϾƹǿסǣʹﶼޱߵɱ⣬ԲһˡңҪȡֻرԴҲɱϾƹ
䣡
ʱҡΣѡ
񷣬һ̶ɫڵƲŨˣͬҹ˰㡣
ѹֵϢƵϰ˻ġ
Ͼƹǰڷ趯죬ֱɫͼֶţͬɫ̰ӭ߾аͬһʱ䣬Ӷսâ۶ɵĵ۽һɱ죬ٴնǿѹ𿪵ߴ۵ϹǣͬʱҲն𿪵ۻʡ
תۼ䣬ȽâٽʮϹϵۻʣ޲𹥻ǳ
⣬ǡ
һʿļ£ûмôǿƵˡ
ƵۣϾƹ𾪵Ľˡ
쿴Ųϣеľâһʦֵý
̫
ʥ̵ŭϾƹȫûнǷС
һʥǿߣֱӱǿϢԼĵͷ򣬷۳һͼ
漴һ̣һڰıӡͼиϢǿ
ʥ̵۷챦ӡ棬۷챦ٻ˹
ʿ¶ɫ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ɿµϢ𣬻Ĺϸһ죬ལͷһ۽ħǰһͭ׶ԲͬĵͼԻȻʱſռ佫һ챦ٵ
Ĺ죬ལķɽħڵħ׶⡭󶥼ѹ̺˵۷챦Զٻ˹
һʿ𾪡


1177 Ȫ۽
ӡħ׶죬ɽ۷챦ʥڵǿдӸԵٻڸͷԸԵۻʾΪֱӴ߶ϢϾƹսὣâѹķ顣
⡭
һʿľ۷챦ǵƣֱҪѵһС
ĸ϶ǱƼˣȫһѹ̵챦˳

û취ôǻ֮Σ
Ƶ
û˵ʲôֻǶĿǰ

ҽʥ̶ǰʥڵ˻һ۷챦סϾƹսὣâһЩͨۻʿɾûôˣһУ˶ǱѪɣƣۻصֱ
ſС
߾а
նˣ
Ƶ
¡¡ģֱӳͨնϾƹ۹ӿա
ħֱӶ֣ޱߵħâ̼۶ϣϾƹƵȥ
޽ӽ𾳲εˣʮ꣬һʱˣȻͬʱ˶ֵͬʱһɱˣˣȫһӣǶԣһ衣
ʱ䣬˵ֵ֯۹˸ضռˡ
ɱ
𣬵ۻʾصʥִӡɱϾƹ
ͬһʱ䣬ħڵڣལںͻĹڣۻʾϹҲִ֣Ƹһ۷챦Ͼƹɱϡ
ˣԵۻʾΪ۷챦߾а۵ˣֱĲ̮سݡ
Ҳϣ
ն
ɱ
ۻʾϹʮۻǿ߸ɫʱһˣǼɱ⣬Ͼƹɱȥĵۻֱʮ
Щ֮ǰϾƹǰѹƣ߾а֣ʥ̵ĸ۷ڸԶ۷챦ڹϾƹ˵ɱϾƹľѻᣬЩȻŹᣬһ𹥻Ͼƹ
ֻرԴǰýĿһ㣡
߾аɭ
Ż䣬˵һһѪɫͷͷ֯˵ĵơ
ƵͼħĮƵڳһͭƣħڳһԲž˵ĵƺܼĵ۹⣬ʼһֱķ
۷챦
ɫ
΢߾аۣƵħ˾Ȼ۷챦
޽ӽ𾳽˼۷弶챦սָǿ󵽺εȵز
䣡
ǰ̮ʮϹʮϵۻʣ۷챦ͬʱϾƹܵÿһգȫﻯ˻֮ء
ԣɱ
ڹϾƹ۵ĻǿߵָԵâһ
ƬأˣеĻȫϾƹ
ϼһ
˳Щ£̲סгǰһ
⡭
ҲɫϾƹȻǿ󣬵ôǿߺô۷챦ΧɱҲǾԵ֮
ѣ
һ̫ϳϺȵʵ۷챦Ͼƹȥ
ߣ
һ߾аۼԵѪɫͷ𶯣۷챦֮ǿнսϾƹ
ʹһ̫ϳϱɫһ̫ϳϺ½Ҳݡ
䣡
ĵ֯ʮǰսȫӿϾƹ
ʺ죬ϧ̫ſſˣǻ
Ƶ
һԵͭ貵۹⣬ɱŨ
һڵۻҲٴܣܼɱӿ
ϾƹУӭźƺƵɱѹ˿䣬ƽ䵭
˵һѿһƬС翪ɽӦоУСĴһȫɹ۶ɵ۽ڵرܿӡһơ

Ͼƹڡ
וּһ۽ͨ飬аεض˲С磬Ͼƹǰ
۽ȫɹ۶ϣϿƣƣϾƹס۽ɲǣȴ̼һɺ춯صĿֲƳһʱҡض
ŵ۽Ͼƹֺ̧ն
ʱֲϯ͵ĽѹĻɱȫնķ顣
ռ䣬˫Ľ
۷챦ĵ۽
Ŀࡣ
Ƕ𾪣ͫײɵһǡϾƹŵĵ۽ЩӡȻ͵ѾͬȴǲǣϾƹľȪֻϾƹľȪǲȱģʱȪȴģϢϱȵľȪǿ̫࣬ȫصĲ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶһʿҲɫ𺳡
ǸǡûģǡȪ
˵оȪؾȻʥ˳ɳϹʱٵ𣿣
ȫ֮ݻ۷챦Σ
ЩʿĲ
߾аۻʵʱҲɫһ䣬ɵ¡
Ȼﱻݻ۷챦Σƿɲͨ۷챦ȣҪǿ
ﬣ
̶ϾƹӶۼȪ֯սâһն¡
͵ģռ飬磬һն£ﾡ١
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫֱըתۼ䣬ۻǿ߱飬ֱ
Уһۻʾ
һʱ䣬һ
⣬ֱǡ
ƶ¡
ŲϣһδαϾƹ𺳣ʱֱĳȡ
̫ǿˣ
ͻȻãⱲӣ׻ˡ
ʵһ̫ϳ૵ĵ
䣡
ϣֲ֯ѵء
ϾƹžȪ۽սâ߶۽һˣӲ۷챦ɨʮϹʮۻʡ

ҽ̶һۻʰѣϾƹսâ;ȪʥϻɲǼǵ鿪Ҳһ
һߣһۻǿҲѣȪ۽Ľüģʶ˲Ϣ䱻٣
ȫɱȫ
ħȵ
¡¡ȫ֣ǽԵ۷챦߶ޡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥ̺ͲལҲǳ֣ǽһ۷챦תǿΣʹɱ֮ûϾƹ
ɱ
ۻŭ𣬽һ̼ȫɱ˿ٲ׾
һʱ䣬¡¡ģƬɫԵϢʮճױڵƲڣһĿн֯ž졣
˲ʹطԶһͨʿѾ˳˺Զʱȴ̲ס־о궼Ҫˡ
ˣҪˣ
˴С
ʱһʿȫˣҪ뿪ĸԶЩ
ЩһߺˣһҲڿǰս䣬˱˱ɫ
ǡƬսУôô߹
ָսС
ʲôһ˳ſȥʱҲһ桭ˣ
ȥϾƹһڵۻǿ߼սڲϣ۷챦ײϢÿһռ䣬˷ԲɵķΧȻʱƬսȴǲ֪ʲôʱӰһȹŮӣһŮĵرȹŮǰŮںƺǴսһ
ˣ⣬ˡ
ȻҲǿӰжʱ֮ɫĻսУȻܹǰ㰲Ȼߣ
Աߣֱӵ˫ۣǣǡ
Ƕݣɵһ£С


1178 һ
ԵսУŮڣƽһʱסˡ
⡭
ǡ
Ȼսߣ
һʿ𺳡
ʱϾƹʮۻǿ߽ڲϣа۷챦ڶԺ䣬ӿвһرǰսǿߺ챦ɱȫĻ򣬾ǵۻʾǿߴλ϶п˲䱻飬ȻʱȴŮƽȵС
ʵ̫ϳϺ½Ҳ¶ݣ˼ĶŮӡ
һĻʵھ߱һӾС
£С
졣
ڵ£ڵֱʼռǵŮӣʼһֺϤĸоȻһô꣬һ۾ϳŰɫȹ¡ߵЩ鶯ĺŮһ룬Ҳ˳СɣʱôЩ꣬СҲһͤͤŮ
ǾȻˣ
ۣҲϳºͰ
һһ㻰Աߣƶʱһ㶣ʶ
ʶǰǸȹŮӣʵܡֲܿ
˿ҺһǵõڵĲɵʱֻһ仰ͽɵϵۻʰǿ߾ĺ˿־¡
䣡
ǰ޾Ļ֯ռڱ飬ڳݣֲš
ǻԨ
һϮȹսһڲϾƹʮۻʵս޶ãԵú֮ܰԭĿռͱѵĴضǱƽָԭ״ͬήĻõ㡣ԱߣСѾʮˣԵúʱʱһۣȻһۡ
桭ȫӰ죿
棬գڻָ
ʲôˣ
⡭
ǸȹŮӣáƯ
һʿɴۣºͰܹȻĴǻսУͬʱҲв˵Ŀϣֺĵ
䣡
䣡
䣡
սң磬Ͼƹ־Ȫ۽ԵʮۻʼǿߣʱȻע⵽ƬսеºСһ¶һ˿ݡ
ͬһʱ䣬߾а۵һϹϵۻҲǷºСж֮⣬ɱƶǲļࡣ
ͽУСƬսܵһû˿ķӦϵʮۻʵսܵĻ𲨶ֻǼ򵥵ֱ߳ķȥûкķ̫ʱ߳Ƭսǰ
ָ磡
˹ȻѾֱô꣬ȻѾһͤͤŮȴһҲûֺ͸ңһ¾˵ϡ
С
Ц
ɿ죬Щĵĵָһ¾ϳİˡ
ǲɵһЦ漴¡
վǰһϮɫȹͬǴӻ߳࣬Ƭضʧȥ˼ɫȴûпڣֻǰĿ
Σ֪²̫˵ڣ£þò
š
Ӧǳᣬº͵һ㡣
ԴѾϰߣЦһ¡
ǿʱľӡȻʦʹˣָģʦڣû˿Ϊָ硣СǹĿ죺ָȻǴ˵ǿص壬ǰ嶼ûֹأ
ôЩ꣬Ȼ֪˺ܶ࣬ʮº
һЦ£лˡ
¿ҡҡͷ
¹þòǸá
µ
¿ͷǻ
ƿ£ʱµգһ˫۾ֱˡ
ѽƯѽС̫ʱ£һ˫ˮĴ۾ˣλƵĴ߷˹ȥһҲİǰСԴ£գգƯ۾ؽеѽ£¡
첻ɵЩ죬ǵһμСһԸռǡ
µͷС̫һ£˫ֽС̫ģá
ıܰᣬһ
ѽ
СһĶ½ˮ۾һС
ֶ£ϸһ˿ЦǰٻţСһﱧǰ
һ㶣ϵЦݣɵҲ¶Цѵá
ڵһһʱ䣬ȴûЦΡ
Ա߲Զʵ̫ϳϺ½Ӵ£漴ǶݣǵΪǿ͸µʵʵһ̫ϳϽ̽飬ȴҲʲôֱ̽ʧˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϣϾƹʱͣһڵۻҲֹסƣʱǲɵǰ¡֮ǰսĻشǰ㴩жȷʵһּ𺳸УЩ˶ǲɵöݡ
ʲôˣҲΪֻ
߾а۵Ŀϣʵ
Աߣ߾аۺߵָıԴóѵģ
߾аӵһ䣬򰬰ëѾͷû˵ķݣ˵ţһǿľѹֱӳŰӿ˹ͬѹ¡
ƫͷ߾аۡ
̼䣬߾а׻ѹ򰬰ľѹϵŵŵɵĺ˳ȥʮԶ
㡭
˺ʮסΣ޽ӽ𾳲εͷɲǼ両ֳܼ亹вһŨŨĿ־壬ֹסĲ
һĻʹطʿԴ󺧡
⣬⣬⣬ô£

ֻֻһѣȻʹǸ߾аۣʹˡ
һʿ㤡
߾аۣ˳ʮĳޱƽ𾳲εĴڣ񣬾ȻΪһŮӵͺ˲˿־ɫ
⣬⡭
Щʿ𺧡
֪·ǳǿ󣬵ʱһĻ̲ס¶𾪵ı顣ɵۻʰǿΪµһ仰־壬ޱƽ𾳵߾аۣȻҲΪµһͿ־壡
ƵԲ˫ۣһȫǱǰһĻĴˣʯһ㡣
ʵ̫ϳϺ½Ӷǲɵһ¶ŵı顣
һ޽ӽ𾳲εȻΪһ˵Ϳ־ķ
ô᣿
սУ֮ϣһڵۻҲ𺳵¡ǿ߾а۾ȻֻΪһͱĺ˿־壬ֱ̫˼ˡ
Ͼƹ¶һ˿ɫн֯һƾâ˼Ŀ¡
ʱطҲıûб䣬Ϊжǿ


1179 ֮
ƬɽѾ״ưܣҲ֪˶٣ȵĵصҽѾð˳ضյĽˣÿһռ䶼ŻԵҲʱе涼ͣ˵Ŀⶼϡ
һ޽ӽ𾳲εˣȻһķʵ̫ھˣ˷˼
߾ѣô£
Ƶ߾аۣħʮۻҲ߾аۡ
߾а۶亹ĿϣĲֹס֪ԼΪʲôˣûиоʲôµϢ˵ʲôûиоˣӭ°Ŀ⣬ȴֹסһɻֻ֣̿оһĺڰסˣѹ֡
֪
˻ʹƵʮۻʶüԶһʿҲɻ
߾аۣڲ֣̿ȴ˵ԭ
ʲô£
⡭
˶ˡ
ıʼպԱߵ£û˵ʲô
طɽưܵ˼㣬һƬǿĵ绡žͣԵϢ֯ÿһռУǳˡ
±С̫ɫܰһ΢Ĺâڽ֯˳
ȹâǳƽͣûһ˿һĿֲȴǰʹǧڵһʱ両ֶͬΧԾͬһʱ䣬طѵĿռ飬ڵĲָԭ״ԵϢֱɢ
һУԱ
ʱ䣬طʿһԽǿˣԽǸо𺳡
⣬ǡ
ǧڳǡΪĴڶã

˾㤡
߾а۲ĸƵͼħҲƤӾķϹʮۻʸĿȻ϶亹
ȻǿϾƹʱҲͫһ£еľâŨ
ϢǸ߶ˡ

߾а۵ŵŵɵֺˣͣĲ£ͬԶ㡣
졭㣬㡭ﵽָ߶ȡ
亹մʪȫ
һʱ䣬طһʿȫΪȻ
𣿣
šŴָ߶ȣ
ʮ򣬻ˣ
һʿȻ
ԲۣĿ𾪵£⡭֪ºǿ󣬵ȴû뵽ǿ˳̶ȣȻǴ𾳸߶ȣ
ҵ񰡡
ˡ
ʵ̫ϳϺ½ҲǺȻĿϣɵһ
ڡ𼶸߶ȡ
һŵĴ˵
һ̣طҲΨıʼպڵʱһ۾Ϳֻʣ֪𼶵ʵ
ƵͼħȵۻʼһܹĿºŲͬѰĹϵǳһ㣬ȡֻرԴȴǲ֪Ȼվһֲһ𾳲εĴڣ
ȡֻرԴ񲻾ǰλ𼶵Ĵڣ
㣬
Щ˿£죬
±С̫Ŀ߾аʥڵϹʮۻϣպǧԾ˿˿Դ䡣
Ժƽͣûаƿԣȴ·صʥ⣬ȴϾƹ߾аʥڵϹʮۻȫ֡
ʱ䣬Щһ

ҽеʮۻʸĵͷ򲨶Կʼ
漴ȥµĹâʧָԭ
ط緽ǰ㣬ûˣûѪȻ߾а۵ʮۻȴǲĸϢȫ࣬˵ŵŵɵϺˡ
ҵΪΪ
ǡ
ǵľ磿
ʮۻʾ֡
ʱվڲϵһˣȴϾƹ⣬ˣ߸С̨׵Ϊ߾а۵ۻʵڶأһЩˣֱӱµۻʲΣƵĵʧӰ٣˥
㣬㡭
Щ˴
ۻʾڵУޱȼѣڵۻʾһС̨ףҪķѴ޾Ŭֻѣ˶߸С̨׵Ϊ˵ۻʲΣֱɱǻܣ
Ϊ
߾аۣǵϢˣˡܶ࣡
ˣ˵ۻʾ⡭
طһʿ¡
áÿֲ
ӣݺݵ˿Һ
ֻѣ޽ӽ𾳵ʮϹʮۻʵΪͬʱһָǱµۻʾΣˡ
ʵ̫ϳϺ½Ӷɵò£һ

ҵΪҵΪ
Ϊң
ϣʮۻʼǿ߱һЩµۻʲεˣжǲѪ˿ǰһ̻Ǹ߸ϵĵۻǿߣȴǵۻʾ䵽ΣǺεȵĲп˾ֱӴõ䵽˵
¿Щˣûʲô仯ɺһ΢֮ΪĳǰڱҺ߾а۵ϡ漴߾а۵ʮۻǿȫĺɣգۼʧʾͷ
ʱ䣬طױð漴ԶһʿĲ
⣬𼶵Ĵڣ⣬ǡ
Щ˶£Ǳµǿסˡ
ֻǵľ磬ʦ̫ʴˡ
ֹ
û˵ʲô죬һĺ
²˵һǷǳ˽⣬ڣЦŵллˣΪߵúܸˡ
ҡͷƽͺá
ѽ
С̫»ǰһӣĽ
첻ɵݸЦ㵹ͦܵġ
˵ţΪ½С̫
̫
¿С̫֮Ʈһ
ѽ
С̫СԴĻӦ¡
ò˵СһȷʵܿɰˣҲ¶Ц
վԣϵЦɵҲһЦ
⣬Ա߲ԶƼһĻſڣ죬£ֿ±ŵСֹ̫ȥôо֮ң
ͷ˵񣡡
ȻƺĻбһһ
漴ͻȻʲôæƫͷϣ߾а۵ѹֻرԴȫɨɣֻʣϾƹվϡ
Ӵʦˣˡ
Ц
ϾƹһЦȪصڵСһ̱ԲʧԱߡ
СӣȻǵиʦûӶƯ
ϾƹĲŲָƽյ


1180 ⳾
ϾƹĻϼһû¾͵٩Լ
ɿ£Ͼƹ򵥵Ľ£½Ͼƹ
Ͼƹɿ첱ӵ֣µлΪɵСӸ
¿Ͼƹҡҡͷ
ʼԵúܰû˵ʲôվԱߣͷС̫
ΪϾƹʵ̫ϳϺǧն½ӣͬʱԼ⼸ۻʼǿл⡣һΣʥڵʮۻϮֻرԴ⼸ǿ߸ϵǳʲôԭӦõл
лλɵͽܡ
ϾƹϴЦʵ̫ϳϺ½ӵ˷л
ѿˣִΪ֣֮ȫʴ´ʵ֮¡ʵһ̫ϳϿڣȻԶԶϾƹԶϾƹȴǷǳд˼͸пǵѵʵʵҵȺգ콾֣¾Ϊ׼
ѣﵽۻʾ۷壬ƿǧһսʣʵںˡ
ͬѡ
ϾƹЦ
̫ǫˡ
½ӵ
½һϮۣº󣬶Ͼƹʵ̫ϳϣԼµ˵˵ͷһ˸漴һӣһѽץԡ
ƵۣһɲõԤУͷ
ԼһʱɣѾȥ˼꣬ȥС
½ӵ
Ƶ۾ʱɵĸԲ𵱳½һʱıҾǺǺħƴûʲôϢʱ䣬УҪͷ֣桭ԣҺСһʱ䣡
½һ£ֱ˺һմѷ졣
캹գЦĸ½ǰȥУ´Σۻʾټ
СҪǿ
̲סЦ˵Լ½Щ£಻ԣʱ½Ҫ뿪ȥ֪Ҫʼܷ˵ĥˡ
ټ
С̫±ţƻ˻Сצӣĵ
ƿɥҪȻôĳֱӱ½Ӵߡ
쿴½Ӻ뿪λãɵһЦ

طһ΢һ˿˿
ΪĿЩ
Ͼƹ죬ʱǹĲӣĵ˵С԰˸ʵãֹ˸ŮͦϾƹһߵ£СĵˣΪǸ壬ʲôչû
죺
ϼһûһ
ɿתƻ⣬Ͼƹӡ㳬˼ޣݵˣϾƹսӡһʩأʵЩԾ
ûµĵģ͵ˡ
Ͼƹ
죺
ûµĵľͳӡļޣ޵ĵطӡݵ˵طӡ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣҪ֪ǹŴ𿪴ķӡѾǿһ۷徳磬㵷ĵľͳݵصôǶô˵츳ʣ㵷ĵľͽӡѵȲΣ
Ͼƹһ
ϾƹȻھȣȴǲ⣬ЦҪҪѧ
ȻҪ
ͷݵصӡôܲѧǳɱ
ϾƹһЦһ㣬һʶӡûʶ
ʱ䣬оԼʶжණķӡ֯ȻӡؾϾƹݳĵطӡ͵طӡĹžޱȵ£תʹɫ־
£
аô֡
ϼһǱ̬
Ͼƹ
ӡļޣݳ㾪˵ĵطӡ͵طӡʵ𺳣Ͼƹôݵһġ
Ͼƹžľ͸һƣʲô̬̬ģװʦ˵û
췭ۣ
ϾƹһЦٴɿ첱ӵ֣ˣСӣһȥˡ
˵ţϾƹʵ̫ϳϺ¸ֺ˵Щ£漴ֱ˺ϣʧƬɽڡ
콾
ʵһ̫ϳϿϾƹ뿪Ӱɵøпľ
漴ǿߵĿһߵϣиԵ𺳡
һ𼶲εվǰط벻𺳶С
Աߣһ̫ϳϿ£ҲĿݡ
һ̣ǿĵ໥ӣٴο£ֿ죬жǲɵһ˿⣬໥˵ͷ漴һĵһ̫ϳǰߵԱߣСĶִˣɷһ˵
Щɻ󣬲ȴûԥʵһ̫ϳߵһߡ
ǰ뽲

ʵһ̫ϳϿ£ִܿ˺λ¹ϵܲһ㣬ɷִ˳棬λһæ
ʲô𣿡
ʵһ̫ϳһ˿ɫ
ʵһ̫ϳϵͷִ˻棬ȷʵǳһЩ¡
˵ţĵǿ߽ŵ֮ǰִ˵ֻʱ˱¶ʱʴ˽赱ϵһ˿Ϣ۳ӰȫִˣҲ˶֪һЩ£ʴһŵڣ롣еĵǸŨЩǣҵȵԽƬŵأ޷ﵽʴˣԡԣ¹¹𼶵ʵһܹʴ˾
ʲô
춯ݣϾ鱻ĳδ֪ĵط
ԱߣҲһɣǸ޵ʣȻᱻס
ͬһʱ䣬Զ¿˹Ŀֱʵһ̫ϳϣôˣȻһֱܱܰߵһУȴ
ʵһ̫ϳ϶ݣ̫ϳҲǶݣ顭
Ϊʵ̫ϳϣۻʼڣȻ֪ʵϾ飬ʱ¾ȻԡƺϾ飬ʮǣЩ졣
ºСõѡ
͵
ʵ̫ϳһ¶˼ı顭ǰλ𼶵ĴڣȻһʣõѣ
⡭
ǿĵһʱ䶼Щסˣһʾһ𼶵ѣ£ǿǴû˵
ôˣ
ٴδ
Ͻ㷢ʲôˣǲΣգ
Ҳʵ
λǰ뽲һЩСôˣǱʲôط
ٺܼ
Ͼ鱻ܵġ
ʵ̫ϳ֪ºǺѣЩȣЩϲʱӭ켸żĿ⣬Ҳԥһ⳾򡣡
⳾򣿡
ü
ҲЩ⣺ʲôطΪʮǳ˽⣬Ƿ⳾ĸ֣ȴǵһ˵


1181 ڤ
⳾쵱ǵһ˵ҲһãȻ˿˽⡣
ƫͷûʲôȴ֪ܿ⳾
ʵһ̫ϳϿ£ֿ⳾ǲ֪һƬǳĿռ䣬ֻеۻʼǿ߲֪˵ţĵǿ߽ŵڵĶͱĴʵֻǵھһѣһ룬Ƿ⳾򡣡
ʲô
ͱĴȻĵھ򣿡
Ƕݡ
£ǻǵһ˵
ʵһ̫ϳϵͷ⳾ռŵھһ룬һƬǳĴ磬Թų棬һǳµĹ壬ڤ塭
ȵȣڤ壿
һûסʵһ̫ϳϵĻ
֪һ壿
쿴
ͷһżϿһļأ˷ˣ޷ޣеҪΪڤǳ¡˵ţʵһ̫ϳϣ͵Ǳżϵļأһ壬Ѿ𣿡
ʵһ̫ϳҡͷڤǿĺܣаԵ̣ûоЩͨżصһ£ʵкܴ롣
˵ţʵһ̫ϳϽŵһڷ⳾ӷ⳾߳һڤˣʵǳ£ʮɱӶᣬʹ޾Ϳ̿󣬵ʱǸʱмǿ߳նڤˣ꣬ӡƬͨһߵͨʹڤһֱڷ⳾ڣ޷ٿңǱӡ߽ͨڤԨ档
⡭
첻ɵ¶ɫȹʷǰδš
üȻǸͨǱӡŵģôڷ⳾ڣ
ôʣҲǲɵü
Ҳֻ֪ʴƺǽ⳾Ѱʲô˷⳾ڵһŵʵһ̫ϳҡͷ漴µ¹Ǵӡǵ޷Խ޷⳾ȥʴˣһԣ´𼶲Σţ𼶵һԴǴӡʴҰȫĴӷ⳾뿪
µͷ죬᣺չ°ȥǱ߽
һȥǱߣµĻȻǴһȥ⳾򣬵ҲҪȥ⳾ȥ˻ﲻʲôæһԴϾ顣ȻˣҪȥȥΪ¹صϾ顣
¿죬û˵ʲôͷ
ҲҪȥϽ㣡
ʱе
¿°Ҳû˵ʲô
үҲȥ

ѽ
С̫±ţĽȻҲҪһȥ
һЦ¡
µͷû˵ʲôҲûκζ˲һʧԭء
ʵ̫ϳ϶ݣ֪˵ʧΪ´һƶ˵Ĺϵ̲ס¶ɫΪУȫûиоһ˿һһ˿һĿռ䲨ֱڽǬƶһ㡣
𼶸߶ȵˣǡ£
һڶ̫ϳϵ
һʵӦúܿˣ
ʵһ̫ϳϵ
𼶵³֣ţһʺܴܿӱĹŵ롣
ʵʴ˺¹ǹ
ۻʼǿûطĶ˺գʵȥ
תۣطֻʣ¼ԶһȺʿվţ˶һɫֻʣʵĹϵϾƹǿ󣬸𼶴ڵĳ֣˱鷢¡

ھ߽硭
߽紦һ޴Ԩ·һƬ˵ж
ʱԨԵ˵ӰϢĳ֣ûа
һ۾Ϳǰľ޴ԨһڤԨ
ԣڤԨү֪

ڤԨףҲǳĿܱһƵɫͬһɭ䣬ȴԲ
üǡڤ
Ӧþˡ

֪⳾򣬵ȴڹżϿڤڤһЩغڤطɫǳơ
쿴ЩɫڤӦ΢΢üʴԺǿҲǿ˵ţҡҡͷµȥ⳾ҵСϡϾڱڷ⳾ڵһŵڿɲ̽ʱ
µͷһ̴һʧԭأڤԨһߡ
ĵܼӲȴܳʪǰɿһ޴ɫУ·Ҫ˵񶼸ûȥ


1182 ѰϾ
ɫֱɣܱ߶ǵ΢΢תš
ͷ⳾һߵĳͨ
лһĨ⡣
š
µͷӦ
һǰɫнǰʱ䣬һ͸Իͬʱһε֯ǰ·ϡ
΢΢ݣһʱоķǷо͸ϵļ̣ۻʾҲƵĿ
ʾôȥģ
ɻҲǲطϵľ֮ɵüͷ
ҡͷȻҲɻ󣬲ʱȴûһ㣬ƫͷ¡
̧֣͸ϣһȦȦ⽻֯ӡ
ˣ
ɫĻ𵴣һƵĵâ۶µּ䣬͸ϵһ͸ȥ
ת̶ۣӵʱȥ
ӡϡ
иһ˿ɫ
¿𼶴ڣ񣬹ȥʱ䣬ȴطķӡϣң⻹ֻǴ⳾ȥеѶȿ϶Ҫȴӷ⳾ҪϾķӡҪǼ⳾ڵڤͨһߡµͨ⳾򶼺ķôãòʹݣʵطķӡֶǿ
ǵЩǿµķӡǳˡ
п
ҲʱĹâøŨһЩһȦȦ֡
Ҫˡ

лһĨâˣ
˵ͷ
漴һ̣΢һһͬʱʧԭء
Ұڰκζռʱʱһ£֪ڴͨ⳾Ե÷ǳһҲ
֮Ҳ֪˶ãǰеĹԻϢƿһδһʵʵϡ
ȥһƬɽأռԵЩ谵ֳɫеɫƮڿУ֯һ⣬Ե÷ǳϡ
ǣ⳾򡣡
н֯⡣
ڤԾǷ⳾ˡ

ͷûٹ룬Ե¡
˵ͷһ˺ܿ뿪طԶڿնȥԶɢǿʼѰϾϢ
¡
ͻȻǰĿռ䷢𶯣һɰڤ˾Ϣޱȵɭ䡣
̧֣ƬĽնǰ漴͵һڤ˱նķ顣
ȴǶݣĹУԸоתܲ˳
ıЩʵôСӣ
û򵥽ת˳˵һ¡
ɣתҲ¶һ˿ȣүҲתĺܲ˳Ѫ⾭ʲôסƵġ
תһڵҲǡ
£أ漴¼ͷС̫Сһأ
¿죬ҡͷȻ˵⡣
ѽ
С̫˶һɫ⣬ƽһ޶ȻҲӰ졣
ۻʼϵ˲ܵӰ졣ңӦֻǻĹϵ£ȹЩʱǽӦƬռ䣬Ӧþָܻ״̬
үһ

֮ǰǴŨĻУͻȻϡұ鲼ڤķ⳾һʱת˳ȻǺ¡ֻҪȵϰĻתȻָ״̬ⲻֻʱѡ
ͷ£ٴγԶȥɢǿ̽ѰӶȥѰϾټ

ͬʱھڡ
ʱ¶ʣɽĵۻʼսھ
һսһʶӻһЩսʿתۼƮڵھĶϱĴÿһ䣬ʿļ£һĲ
Ǹ죬ֻ壬һͷؿµĵۻСޣһʵֳʵ֧ţ⡭Ȼ£
Ȼиۻʾʦд˵еľȪݻ۷챦Σƿǧһսһնʮۻʣ
ǸȹŮӣ桭ǴΣ
ʱȻȻһŵ𣿣
ֻ壬Ȼվһ𼶴ڣ
һʿʹļ¡
ͬһ죬Ĺ̣ལħڣԵڴŭͱǰȡֻرԴĹУǱ߸С̨׵Ϊӵۻʾ䵽˵ۻʵڶأԪ
⣬ңǡ
֣Ǹ졭
ô¡
ĸڣһĴһͽǾ㤣ڲ
Ǽ֮ǰһֱžʹף죬Ϊɽһսĸ¸ˮ棬Ϊʵֳиۻʾƿսʦһλ𼶴վݿνǺĴ½Կ־壬ǣһֱ죡һδε죬ֱǣһδε
ڡ
졭
ͽľһĵۻʾҲǲɵõһ
֮ǰһջҲȡڵžС̫ѣʹ٣֮һֱӸоС̫Ŀ£ºţʱ죬֮ǰֻ֪ʺһҲûжڱƬɽһսУһĿݣֲɵޱҡ
֣֮һۻʾƿսʦһ𼶴ڣȻվôֲĴڣ
һ죬ھ򣬶ϱĴʿ𺧣һ㤡
ʮ򣬻˭
˲

⳾ʱһΣȥ¡
һڷ⳾һӦϾϢ
ǰ棡
춢ǰ
ǰƬɽһɫһƵƮڿУǳŨ
ϾϢƬɽλô
£һ˵ٶȷŵĿЩŹȥʮ󣬿ɽ
ǰ鲼ֲڴʯرݶûУһֲڵĴʯһԲֱԼʮɣһȦһȦƲšһȥʮһŮϥͬǾҫۣһƵϡ
Сϣ
¶ϲɫûסں
⿴ȥʮһͬŮӣȻϾ飬ҵˡ
Ͻ㣡
Ҳ
ֲڴʯɵԲڣϾüͷ΢ۿ漴ݡ
磬ϾЩԾվֿ£¡
ǡ
Щ⣬Ȼû뵽һ˻ͻȻǰ
֪Ͼʱʲôʵλ̫ϳϳ㱻˷⳾Ǿ͹ˡ


1183 ռ籩
ĻϾʱ׹һࡣ˵ţһЦû뵽˾Ȼֻ壬ءʱûʱ¶ЩʲôûǸҪΪںܰȫվ
ЦʣҴ鷳Ƕúܡ
Ϊֻ壬Ÿոտվٺɱÿһ󾳽綼٣һαһοֲһΣΪʱ¶ϹҪɱȡıԴһ룬ﵱ治١
ΣζԼأȻ鷳࣬ôҲܶࡣ
ϾЦ
Ȳ˵ҡͷǰ֯ŵһȦȦعӣ㱻طʱѾˣ취˵
һ޴֣׳ȥѣһǰΪһʯ˽ʯȡˣϧȥˡϾ˵⻰Щ˼ȴûһǷϣЦĵС¡ģʮ꣬˳ĺڷһֱʣЦĳΪС£ȥʵɷǿɰ
캹գϾȻƺΪС£ʵǡͦ֡һ㣬Ҳܿ˼ĹϵǷǳǣϾ鲻ˡ
ҲС
µ
ʼᣬҲûʲô΢̧һȦâǰƮȥ
ȹâƽǰϵӡϣʱ佫Щĥ
Ͼ鵱Ʈ˳Ҽ򵥵ĥЩܵӡû˿⣬Ϊжôǿ
˵ţ˿£ֿ죬˵ʲôʱʶģһطϵȥһЩ档
ǰڵżȻƬһһʱ䡣򵥽ʶĹ̺Ͼ齲һ˵ţϾ飬ʵС㣬ô뵽Ƭ⳾ҶҪҵĶҵ𣿡
ΪҪҵǸֻ⳾򣬾֮ǰᵽʯѾҵˡԭΪ˽ÿһǸ鷳֪ġ
Ͼգۡ
һ㶣漴̻ȻÿһǸ鷳ӦþϾÿضһΪȫʧʧȥԼʲôʲô¡
̫ˣ
Ц
һۻʶԣÿһʱΪȫʧԼ˭ȷʵһڴ鷳Ͼҵ鷳ϣȻһֵø˵¡
¿Ͼ飺ʲô鷳
ܣȻ׽ˡ
ϾЦ
վһߣЩԣϾÿ궼һΪȫʧԼ˭ֱԴ໥ǣƺײʱʱʹ࣬ȴƺδ¸֪ԷȻöԷΪԼģ֪˵ʲô
һ룬˵ⶼѾõ˽ϾԺΪÿһΪȫʧģΪֻرԴڵ屾ԴҲ໥ײҿܻںΪһøǿԲˡ
ǣǻȥɡ
˵¡
š
Ӧ
⳾ΪѰϾ飬ϾѾҵȻҲûбҪƬռ䡣
£һڿնʱ·ͨһߵͨȥ
ܿ죬һг˼Զ
ʱպһƬƬı飬һ˵Զӿ
䣡
˵ĲӿԶѿһ϶ڤ漴ʮɫԻԶƶÿһǴ
ռ籩ʮɣôôࣿ
ɫæĸСſͷϣץһ׾ͷ
ռ籩ޱȿ£СĿռ籩Ҳ˺ǿߣʱǰʮռ籩ǿֲĺˣ˺ѵۻǿߣҲԲʲô¡
¡¡ģʮɿռ籩գϯ˷Ŀռȫ֡

ղ̮еڤֱӱĥ߶˽ȥ
Ȼǿ޾
ѽ
С̫վ¼ͷȿռ籩ǲɵõ˵ۣЩԾ
ǳԾʮռ籩ϵ־죬µ־ģ浱Щˡ
ץµ½ǣ˿ҺȻҲΪȾ޴Ŀռ籩
ԵúܰһȦ΢ӿͬˮһ㳯ܵȥ
ʱʮɿռ籩һ漴͵ȫ飬գۼʧ
ǡ£ɵö££һ£ֻڵһ΢⣬ϯĿ˺ѵۻʵʮɿռ籩ɲǱ飬ɢΣʵ𺳣𼶵Ĵڣ
ҲЩݣת۾ƽϾµǿ
ҲʱƶĿ⣬һ֮ǰĿռ籩ϯλϣһɫϲһƵ߲ʹâ
ʹʱݣʵǣʶ񽣵Ľɫ߲ɫ
£ûаԥһǿ˹ȥһѽɫץȡС
ɫǳӲϵ߲ʹâǳ٣ֻǸһӴǷ֣ȷʵʶ񽣵Ľйâź񽣽ͬԴϢ
߲ʹɫϣʹޱȼ̣ſռ籩û飬˵
˫տտľâ
Ƭ⳾ڣнƬĴڣ
ſͷȻע⵽ϵ߲ʹ⣬ɵ¶һ˿ɫСӣȹâ񡭡ǰҵǼ߲ʹԴϢһģһƬռҲ߲ʹ⣿˵ǵʲôѰ߲ʹľۺ壬Ҳܸо߲ʹܲȴ֪⾿ʲô
ҪĶ

еǰ뿪⳾
ҪҵƬռڵĽƬ

ͻȻһԱ벣ѵһ޶
漴¡һԱߣһ޴Ŀռգ۳ֱ֣ʮңգۼ佫Уһɾ޴ϣȥ
ռ籩Ŀռ
ɫ
춯ݣ⳷롣
ȫСӣȻܼ߱ʱ룬ǻᱻ뵽߰ĵطһҪȥ
е
ҧֱӽ̫ľתޣͨ屬Ľɫ⣬ҽֻͼҲһͻΧ
Ȼռʵ̫ˣȻȫʩΪҲˣ屻ٵĳλȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶϾɫҲԶݣͬʱ֣ץ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģϴסʮգ̽뵽ռ֮Уץ졣
Ȼʱȴվһ˲ռˣǡڴʱû


1184 ˭С
ռһû΢΢һգۼʧӰ١
һʱ䣬طһһϢûˣƾ׵˼˰㡣
ָ磡
ѽ
̲סС̫Ҳǲɵýг
һĺû̫
תλãް
˵
ǸתƵģʵָǱƵʲôطȥˣ
¿ۿռʧλãҡͷ
ǻƬ⳾ڣҵ뿪
Ͼ

ռڣ𶯣һûֻͷ­һ졣
֮һ˸оȥ߰˸ʱҰв¶һ˿˿Ĺ漴ռ𶯵ĸһɰӿֱӽһһ˳ȥ
ȥʱһƬİɽڣֲһ꣬Ҷ״ȥǳӲеϡ˷ָڤǺŨ
쿴ܣ¡Ͼ顢С̫Ͱڣһʱ΢Щ¡
ſͷϣܣҲˡ
κڣСӣӻˣⶼĶˣ
ʲôϵѵҰطĲɣ
ҪȥץǿܱͻأֵĿռ뵽ȥ
ĥ
죺
ɿҲ˵ʲô֮ǰץǿ
󣬲ȴǳļӲʱɽ߲ʹ⡣
߲ʹ⣬вɵøâû뵽Ƭռ侹нƬ
𷢴Сӣȸʲôط˵
ʱ
˵ţͷϷ𣬴ܡ
һ߲ʹâ뵽ʯУҲʼܡ
˵ĲʱȷʵӦȸǰλãȻĴ㡣
ʹΧԣڻǴڷ⳾ڡ

ɨһۣѰһǰȥ
ôŨڤȻǴڷ⳾˵ϻ
Ʋ졣
бһۣˡ
¡һռ𶯣Ա߲Զ̽һֻ޴צϱ鲼ë
˱ܿצһľϣֱӽľķ飬ء
𣡡
һͷߵĺԳѪֱͫӶס죬ͬס㣬һ̽צץͷ­
̧֣һƳ
飡
ߵĺԳֱӱɨɣȥԶûܹ
ⲻֻһͷ൱ͨɾ޶ѣ첢û⣬ǰȥ
ʱŪǰĻȻȥѰҴƬռڵĽƬǣȫûеĵıҪϾѾǱ߳ȴ⣬һǿߣǿ̫ˣȫݺ⳾򣬲κΣաҪģڿ»ǵõԼŶԡ
طЩʪݻƵ״Ҷضǣ濦졣
ǿսԱߣֲ֪ʲôطù
̾
бûϢ
һߴܣһ߳ǰȥûãг˴Զľ롣
ʱǰӰǶܿ࣬ͬ㱩¶⡣
ࣿ
ݡ
бһۣԲǣûвǻڤ𣿡
ӣӦƬ̣漴һĨ⣺ȷʵкܻڤ˵ţɵöݣѵǡڤ壿⻰£һ˿ɻ󣺡żвǼţһ˷ˣ޷޵𣿡
֮ǰʵһ̫ϳϲ˵ͨżصĹڤ£ʵкܴ롣ͨżνڤ˷޷ޣǴָڤ屾壬ıΪ࣬ȴԻһ㣬ЩڤҲп˷޷޵ıģȫݻģ

ͷе
˭
ʱһǰڤʿֱӳһһ˹
첻ɵöݣղʱ˫ѾϢ䵽͹ȣȻһǿҲܷǲŶԣǰŴεڤˣȴ׾پͷǣʵһЩԾ
ǹǿ
⡣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյڤʿգ۳һһǰĿԺ
漴һ̣ڤ˶ǱɫĿֱֱϡ
࣡
죬϶Ǵžȣ漴Ŀ˲Ϣ
һ˺ȵץס
ȵȣ
üֹ
Ȼʵ̫ϳ֪ڤӷ⳾߳ҹһߵ磬±ϾǵҪǣǵºû˿ϵԣһȻҲûʲôԹʱУΪҪƬռѰҽƬһУἫӰ֮ж
ڤɫ֣û˿ͣͣĿǱ˼֡
С壬ûҵ̸ʸ񣡡
һ顣
һ˿ڣעִ磬Ҫɱ˶죬ڤ⽻֯СȻڵ磬֮ѹѶ
С飬ܲ죡
ڤ˵
¡¡ģռ𶯣ֳֻѹ£ѹܵÿһռ䡣
ḩ̂־һơ
Сĸף
ѵõıֿڡ
ԭΪҪƬռѰҽƬ̫ҡУһʼûд㶯֣ǣڤʿһһС塱ʵܲˬô˵ҲһӣԷû壬ʵ޿̡
һʱ䣬һطֱˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪڿУڤʿɣץĴȫ
㡭
ڤʿԶסΣнӿѪһ𺳵졣
˭С
粽˲ڤʿǰ̧һơ
ģڤʿͬʱĵڵأִڿѪ˵档
ڤʿѵ̧𺳡
쳯ǰһʱڤʿֱӱƸɡ
ȣ
ѪɫʱһƬɷס
ޱ飬ٴ߹ȥ
˭Сˣ
˵
֮ǰȻûжȫĻڤʿһʱһɶˡôһΪ˷ڤʿڶʱǵѰ⳾֡
ӭڤʿɵöһαˣȻǲǿ˺Ҳֵܵˡ
ߣ
˶ӣ໥ͷϺˣͬ㳯Զȥ


һǿϯֱӷܣͬʱһεĴˣԶڤʿȫض£ĳأűߡ


1185 ڤ
ڤʿűߣԿӿѪһ嶼Ѻۡ
һʱһγԶȥ
ȻǻᣬӴѹʮֱӽ˽
ڤʿʱܶˣֻĿ⻹ƶʱ죬ϵıø𺳡ǰ࡭̫ǿˣ
ô
һҧ۵һ˿ɭȻ
֣ҪѹһȥѶѶ󣬽Ҳö˵ض·һ˵
ɨˡ
ɱǣ
˱һ䡣
һڤʿڤɱǣء
ۣ
̧֣һƽڤʿĵ𣬴˶ԷĻ
ѣвǡ
һƲ졣
ŵڤʿɫɭɱʮ㡣
һ˶죺࣡㾹ҡ
졣
һƣڵҲĵķѣֱӱĥ
תۣڤʿʣһˡ
ڤʿ죬־ŭ࣬㲻к³ģ
̫ˣڣ㲻к³

˵ţһǿֱɢû뵽ڤʿʶ̽ѰƬ⳾ڤֱ֣ȥӺų
ڤʿŭĶ죬ձЩɱʮ㣺࣡
ֱ̧֣һƳ
ۣ
Ѫˮڤʿ
ôҵЩʲô
ʵ
ͷѰЩԵĶ
ڤʿʶУ֪⳾ڤͳΣҪΪſ޴أÿһضǺޱߣϾסڤǿߣͳΪڤ졣ȴڤſڤס⣬⳾ȻޣͬʱҲһЩǳΣյ
¼򵥵ĺ¡
ڤ졭棬ʵǣڤĴʵΣ
ǿɫ΢ݣڤ죬ÿضÿǴڵۻʼΣҲ˵ÿضеۻǿ򡣶Уڤһǿ£൱ڤ壬һڣȴϵ⣬оŸۻʾǿߴڣҸǳ˯һļǿ
ЩȻҲղŴǸڤʿʶѰá
ʱݣҲ˵ڤһ壬ʮۻǿߣҡһ˯ڵһڵǼν׶ǿ˼ǼڤԱͨĵۻʾʿǿ
֪ҡͷǿԿ϶֮ǰ߾а
⡭µһ壡

Ÿۻʾ죬Ÿͨۻʣһв߾аǵ޽ӽεĴļǿڣʵЩ£š
³һˣڣȥƬɽλá
ţȥʲô
΢ɡ
ȡһֱ

ղţǸڤʿʶѰ˹Ƭ⳾ڤ֣ͬʱѳһ£ǱǣƬڤڰصΪͨɽλãһ鲼ȻƵĹŵأһڤѾöڤղڤʿΪڤ
򵥽º˵£ڤʿʶ֪ڤǿʿʥȻǿ߶Ҳ߱Ч
ʱǰһߣȡǴڣȡöǿ߶ԶЧڤһΪ
ͷǰ·Ƭͨɽȥ
Ƭɽǳ΢ԵЩϵǿݻɫ״ҶӣһһУٶȲתۼ߹ǧɵľ롣
䣡
ʱϢͻأӿһͷɸߵԵصðΪһͷ鲼ɫ׵ħ棬ɺĳһƳգ
̧֣һץס޾ĳ࣬һ˦ɳȥ
𣡡
𶯣ǰмͷħðܿȴǿߣ졣
ıûа仯Ҳ䣬ļͷħ棬һƣȫĵĺɣһľƬɽλöȥ
֮󣬴Լȥʱʱ䣬Ƭɽ֮ǰǸڤʿʶеϢѰڤǴŵ⡣
ȥŵռݵķΧ·Բʮңһ£ĿЩѹ֣Ľ֯ڿУһߵĹڡ
ܱ߽֯ŵڤͬʱҲкŨƬ⳾طǿҵ򱶲ֹϽöӤȭͷСĹʵˮӨ͸һӡ֯ڱ档
Ǿڤ
ݡ
Ӧûˡ
ͷ
ǸڤʿʶѰһЩȷʵڤɡ
˭Ǳߣ
ʱǰڤڵĹŵʮڤʿʱ˻ĳ߿˹
ɵýԶݣڤʿǷǷǲŸյطƬֱ̣ˡ
ѾҲڣ󷽷ĳǰȥ
ŵ⣬ʮڤʿԭƽڤȻƣʱͣһһ漴ʮڤʿԶݡ
࣡
һ˵Ŀϣ¶һ˿ɫ漴ֶʱñ
һС࣬Ȼ磿
ЩڤʿȻ֪⳾⻹ռ䣬ʱ죬Ƿ⳾һ壬ж⡣
Ǳ壬νȥƬģ
ѹԵɺն
ܣҪߣ
ʷأѪζǳտԳһˣ
֣
ʮڤʿͬʱ֣ɭͣƽڤȻƣ֣̽סܵÿһռ䣬ѹ¡
Щ˽ԴڴΣΪ붯ּ䣬պ¡¡
һβ˵ʲôȵȡȻѾǳ׿˳ڤЩʿȫǲһУɱҾȻʳѪ⣬ͬʵһ̫ϳԵǰ㣬аԵҲ̡
ƽ̧һƳǰȥ
һƾܱȽ⣬ǿǳǷǳֲʹطտһȫܾˡ
漴۵ģ̽ץʮڤʿɣ˵һķǣҲһС
㡭
ʮڤʿ˽ûʱ죬ͫһ
쿴߸ڤʿȻûʲôĻ˵ٴ̧֣ǿ˲סܣ߸ڤʿȫ¡


1186 һ
ƽ̽Ĵķռ䣬ڤ߸ʿȫ֡
߸ڤʿһʱоһĿ£䡣
ס֣
һ˴С
ôˣ£ܺ⣬ȴǿˡ
۵ļĿѪˮ俪߸ڤʿȫ
Դûа⣬ƫͷԶڤöڤڤۣÿһöǲŵĹԣҽ֯һƵӡϡ
ûйפ㣬ֱӳȥ׼ƳڤΧȻȡڤŸ߳ԶͣƫͷطĶλȥ
ôСӣ
΢ɡ
ˡ

µһ˲䣬طĶϷһɰӿ˹
ռ𶯣һźɫ׵Ӱתۼ絽Ƿǳߴҿ࣬֯ŷǳ˵ڤ
Զݣ졣
Ҫﵽˡ

ɫ׵ӰȻڤʿΪڤĿֱ˹ŵڵöڤϣжʱ֯տտâһ̣˲ĴڣĿֱֱϣʱɫһ
һ࣡
ڤǿ΢漴֮ͬǰڤʿ㣬ֱ⡣
Ȼӱһ뵽ߣ˵ιģ
аȻڤƬ⳾һߵͱȻһҲ޷ͨһȴǴһߵȻʹȣҪ֪쾿ιġ
쿴ڤǿߣƽΪ˭кҵʸ񣿡
ڤǿ߶ʱĿһ۹ŵڵöڤĿٴϣøɭ˵ûϵѹ꣬Ȼ֪һСԸɱǱߣһͳʮ򣡡
䣬וּһжһ˳ì鲼䣬¡

̼䣬ƬռֱӱǱѡ
̧ǰȥӭԷᴩɭɭìתۼײһ
漴һ죬ĺ˼
һĻʹֱӵԲۣǰСӣʲô֪ǿǿֻ壬죬׼۶նɱȴȻһڤʿһʵǳ벻ͨ
סΣüͷתǳ˳ҲԾӣʱ˴ҡ⳾ʱǷڵתĺܲ˳ʱûô⣬֮ǰԴʮڤʿΪֻǴڴ׾پնûҲӰ죬ʱһصڤʿǷһ㡣
ȴת˳ҲӰ죿ſڣצӣȻɵүòܷҡ
ﬣ
̶ı죬ɫ׵ڤʿٴζˣЯսì졣
ңͬһʱ䣬̽һֻ֣֯Ũڤŷսìһɱ죬ճƬƬ̮пռֱӱ㱻ķ顣
̧֣ɫ֯ǰӭȥ򵥶ֱӣһȭϡ
ˣ
ɫڤʿڤײһ𣬶ʱĦһ磬ɫڤӿǿԸʴʼʴĽɫ
ͬʱɫڤӿһɷǳϢ֯Ľɫ͵죬طʼ߽⣬ͬǱػ
ʴǿҲǿ

𶯽ɫ˽棬ת˳ҲûмʱӦƬ⳾ʱɵսԷӳɫȴûʲô
ﬣ
̶죬ڤʿеսìͬڤ죬ɨգͬʱڤҲøŨ£ʹĽɫʴĸ
̫СˣһڤʿĿĮһָ߸ϵ̬㵹ǻ㲻ȻǿֵܹסĹ
漴וּһеսì̶ڤҲĸࡣ
սìռŤڤӿռ飬ɱƷǳˡ
࣬
˵ͽȻθߣͬȳӡ
ƽûκֻĿԵĮ˼֡
һɫ㻹ǵԼǿ˵ˡ
˵
˵ţһĽɫʱǣͬһɽ緢һ㡣
һ˲䣬ϢһΣһץס˹ᴩսìͬʱӴϢһֱӽԷѹڤķ飬ǹɢ
ڤǿ߶ʱһոջѹŵ࣬Ȼһ˲ǿϢֱ㡭սìȴ֣޷սìг·սìһֻۻʴ˸ץסһ㡣
쿴ˣȻֻܷսԸ㣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
һʼڤʿ棬Ҳͼɵѣʱʼսǿܽ֯ʱͲ
ڤʿͻȻ漴ΪĻŭ㣿˵㣡ŭ߾죬Ϊڤڰصһ󽫣λףսǿᣬȴ㡣
һ˵ڤӿͬˣѹȥ
ȺЩˣȫɷǷڤ۶ɣһڷǳ˵ĴͨһУʴһС
ߣûκζɫĴֱӴڳڤӭȥת۱ڤײһ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫֮Ȼת˳ȴɾ߱ޱȿµԷڤת۱飬ֱȼ
ڤʿһڤˣȻ

ҧһͺǿڤ⣬Ȼڼʲôͨ
鵭Įٸ֮ᣬֱһ߳ڤʿ
һ˵Ѫ߷ʮԶսìҲ¡
һ

ڤǿ߶ʱһͣЩĸ֮ǰ˵Ļɴ˿̣콫ˣȻĸַϣٲȻǳ裬ͬһĶ⣬ʹоջġ
ɱ㣡
һŭڤǿߵͫױЩڤŨ
ʱƬռ䲻סĻζ۷弶ܾˡ
ıһƬĮֱһ𣬽ոնµĶԷսì͵Ͷ
ۣ
սìע˼ǿٶȿ켫˲ǽڤǿʿᴩ漴ֱӽķѣѪˮƬա


1187 ڤЧ
ڤǿ߱ŭѪ˲ͬʱһѽսìץȡС

죬ĿɭȻ
ƽɨۺ󷽵ڤֿڤʿ
̧֣ɫӿתۼ۳һܹ⽣ճնȥ
ﬣ
ʵĽХһɫлա
ڤǿߵͺȣ߶ڤսìӭȴɲǱɨĺɡ
ȣ
˿Ѫϱ鲼Ѻۡ
Žɫ񽣳ȥȻ֣Ȼ¶Է
ڤǿ߿пѪøɭһǿڤһڤƽͬʱзǳ˵Ĵ˳
ɱ
˴ڤŴһѹ¡
Ų䣬һ콣߶նʽһɫĽɱһһͬпռԾ㳯ǰնȥ
͵һڤǿ߼Ĵڤͨ˲Ϣ䱻նķ顣
㡭
ۣ
ʽâֱն˵ڣѪ졣
¾۳ɭĶ죬ɢϢɺǿʢ
ǿ

˵⻰Ĳû˿ͣͣǰȥе⽣øǿ
ڤǿ΢΢ҧɨһֱۣתߡΪν棬ڤǿѾ˳ԼԲĶ֡
ವһƿ֮صת۱ɡ
νСǰȻβܣ
ƽһӷ̡
ͬʱŲһΣһգۼǽڤǿ¡
ﬣ
֣һն¡
ڤǿ߳սì⣬ڤʹһʩչȴת۱ɨɡ
һ
ڵ
˵ţٴ̧֣һʮ⡣
ʮɨ˷̿ռ䣬ʮͬĽǶɱڤǿߡ
һʱ䣬Ѫˮ䣬ڤǿֱӱᴩѡ
ҧŲٴηɶݣսֻ·һ
ֻǣȻܸߵĿܣȻת˳ȻҲܵ˼Ӱ죬ٶȴɱ˿죬һδν£һδνԷش
࣡Ҫۣ
ڤʿڤʹ˲ޱȵĻ
ͬһʱ䣬еսìһ飬ҲһɻĴϯܡ
Իټսì
һ
Ҳ΢΢ݣû뵽ڤǿ
ңʱ򣬶ԷԻټսìɢϢȷʵǳ£ת˳ʱԸоһ˿ϵв
ԶһЩ

˵ţ΢Щأ˫ַɿӡɫͼԻ
ͬһʱ䣬ռֻͼ𣬵һʱ佻֯⡣
࣡
ڤǿߺХսì׻Ҳȼݻһķ籩ƺƵĳѹ
дŵâͼֱӭϣͬʱֻͼҲһɳ
תۣͼֻͼͶԷĻԷ籩ֱײһ
䣡
ڤͽɫڱʮ𶯳һɹɻ쫷磬ϯȥ
ͼֻͼڤԻٺ¡

ڤǿ߻һ˿ڣøǿ
ͬһʱ䣬쫷УһĹٶȿ켫ֱԶ
࣬㱾ڻٲ㣬Ҳص֮أó
ڤǿߵٴԻ쫷дһӵĶ̡
ɫ΢ݣǣ콣⣬նԶǵĹ⡣
ֻǣǵĹٶ̫ˣնĽâջûн֮
ǵĹ⣬Ӧڤ˴ҵ¡

ˡ

˵⻰üͷ
ûǵĹ⣬Ĵڱضᱩ¶ʱڤǿ߻һһȻһ£Ϊ֮ҪƬ⳾ѰҽƬټһ¶ѰҽƬḺ́ضܵӰ졣
˵һͼֻͼøǿֱѹʮ
ͣ
ʱʱܼǿսֱӽԷԻٺӴѹͼֻͼһɶԷһ˿ҲĨ
ĹķԶ˶٣漴ҲͲˡ
ˮڡ

˵ţֻͼתڤǷŵء
ŵڣڤϣöڤ֯⣬ֻһԵúܷǷ
ŵԵ϶ʱصγһ͸ϣһϢЩĵϽ֯
ȻƵͦһ㣬ͨǿߣǺѽ֮ƿ
в졣
ͷȻȷʵǿ
ԣȴ㲻ʲôתһǰ
ʱ䣬һƵĵ˳ӶӿǰȻơ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫ܿ죬ŵȻһһ飬΢ɢ
ŵڤǰһΣöڤȫժ
öڤ֯⣬֯ڤϸһӡöڤʱоӯ˼֣ңڵֱ˳ࡣ
ңȻǿȽϽҲķӦ¶Щɫ
⡭
еöڤ˵ۡ
н֯â֮ڤǵΪңȫӦƬ⳾ת˳ǵҲܵӰ죬Էӳȫս
ܲ

ɨһۣѰطߡ
öڤ𣬵뿪ط

ڤڰأޱߣضǸֲ꣬ĵλãһƣҲ֪˶ôƾõ£֯żΪϵϢ
ʱһĹûƬߵһڣʱк˵Ĳ֯һͱ
࣡
һߵС壬ȻƬ磡νģ
Ƿ֪ͨˣ
ڱչУ˴ţʱ֪ͨˡ
ץ
һڤڹϿշӿ

ͨɽڣ״ҶӱضǣУٶȷǳ졣
֮󣬴Լȥһ̶ӵʱ䣬Ѱһεڡ
תһĻӿطһӡʮ󣬽Ϣȫ󣬷ͣ£΢΢³һ
漴һΣöڤȡ΢΢һףʹöڤرߵλá
ڤ̷ֱתž뼳ȡڲľ֮ɡ
˵


1188 
Ļ˵ͷ˽⣡
ãʼɡ

öڤڿУԽ֯ŵ⣬ͬʱڤƣǷǷ
ʼʼʼ
໽еԼžתʱâ֡
ԭ£΢˫ۣ̫ľ֯һƵĽɫ⣬ȡڤһƵľɫâڤ漴ٳӿ롣
ȾɫâΪڤ˿˿⣬ڽں󣬿ٱ̫ľÿһ䣬뵽ÿһѪ;У뵽ʶУתۼǱѪ;գʶɡ
һʱ䣬Ľɫ⽥ŨΪʼ
ͬʱһߣתžɺڤľϢһٶϳ壬תۼһأϢǿ˲١
ʱⷽεڣɵͽɫ໥֯ڱǿ
ˣ
â˸ڤľâԽԽ財
ˣһۣʱȥ
ºһ죬Ϣ΢ǿսʯ
ʱԿ֮ʼе壬ȥ
£ǷǳʹԼģ˱ޱȰ
󣬽ģϵϢԽԽĲֿʼʯ˫ȵţŵ˫֣ٵȻͷ­գ嶼˻ҰʯʡʱϢȫʧͬǼһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ʯüĴȴʼһ貵ĹȻ΢Сȴ֧صʥԴһɰ嫵Ϣڡ
ʯܿ죬¹ȥ
ºһ죬ſһ죬ʯ忪ʼѣת鿪һµУӨɵİ㣬ת΢⡣
죡
˫ۣâ˫һţֻоڵܻࡣ
ȭԱøǿʶȣһʵķԾȴʱǿ˲١ңʱΪڤĸоȫ˳תˣ΢΢ȭоҲܵƬռӰ죬ȫӦ԰ٷ֮ٷӳǿս
ܺã

棬â֮֯ǰǿʢ࣬ȻѾһһµΪﵽأڿʼһֵˡ

öڤľδȫɣ³һһ漴±ۣٴ̫ľȡڤ֮صΪ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
һ죬öڤøɱľ꣬͵Ļҽ
ǡʱøǿ˫ۣâһš
Сӡ
ǰѾתΪﵽ죬ͬһ㣬ڵȫ˳תˣǵҲܹȫ
ǲΪΣ³һԵվ
ʱ䣬ڤ֮Ϊ㡣
ˡ

öڤѾȫʱȻûбҪطֽ̧طʮȫĥкԶȥ
˵ȥģ

Ҷ
컰ܼࡣ
Ҷʲôɻ漴뵽ЩʲôҪǰѰ߲ʹԴ֮ǰȡһ߲ʹĺɫ߲ʹâǰѰļ߲ʹԴͬͬԴԴ˷ǳ⣬ʱ˵ҪҶȻǲµҪ߲ʹԴ
ͷԡ
Ȼǡ棬漴ʵ˵⵽ʲô֮ǰѾѰüǶˣؼ䣬Ƕжţ߲ʹԴʵЩ棬ܸоֶ˵ƺǷǳҪ
ҡҡͷûж˵
ҵˣ
ʱһԶʮӰǲž˵ڤ
û
࣡
Χץס
ʮӰڤǿߣɢϢǿת۽Χ
ֹסŲɨʮڤʿ
һǰǸڤʿǵĹ⣬Ȼڤ˴ҵ£ЩڤʿѾɽѰܾˡ
˵
ĳ
ƽ
ʮڤʿΧ⣬ӱɭԲǿʢڤ
סץģ
һĵĮ߾졣
һʱ䣬ವƿʮڤʿԳץȥ
Щ˶ڤڰ죬һǰڰļ׼ǿߵõϢƬ⳾ͨɽڳ֣ҸĻЩڤʿʱͽͨɽһֱѰѰ
С࣬ȻҵѰã
ֱɱ
ڲУѶϣǧеʹͣ
ʮڤʿǿɭȻ죬ͬǿһֻ㡣
һʱ䣬պ¡¡Ĵһڤӿ죬ֱܡ
ɨЩڤʿȴʱûжΪ׵һ˴⣬˶Ǿڴ澳ͨɼڤʿС
ϣȴΪǡ
ƽûʲôʵԵĶֱܼæֶ
漴ϵĽ̶ǳն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮתۼһըԣɱЩͨɼ漶ڤ壬ĲУסЩâ

ҽ𣬳ɱǰһڤʿȺըת۱ն˸ɾ
Ʋ죺һȺС󡣡
ʱΧطһȺڤʿֻʣΪ׵һǿߡ
գۼնɱʮˣ΢øӵɭȻ࣬Щʵϧڱǰȴǲ
ﬣ
̶𣬴˵ĻһϷɳֱնɱ
۵һڤǿֱӱնһƬѪ
˳תĸоǺá

֮ǰת˳ʱսصڤʿüͨڣ˳תһնصڤǿߡ֮ǰΪһС̨ףǰڤʿȴҲǱһǸصڤʿǿܶ࣬ɼ˳תЧǳ
䣡
ڤǿƳ𣬱նǿתؾ۳
࣡
¶죬ڤǿߵĿɭо˵ɱ⽻֯
һ̣һ죬һںڵڳһʱɢʥ
Ʒʥ
΢΢˫ۡ


1189 벽ۻ
ڤǿڳһںڵ鲼ʥ֯
וּһ˶죬ϢͽȻڤ֯Ʒʥĺڵնȥ
ģһɱ㣡С࣬ã
ɭȻ
ʱڵϢøâϯϰ˻ĳ¡
һǻǸлˡƽһͬ˲ƶ㣬ת۳ڳڤǿǰϧҲһ
ûжĶֱһȭ£һƬգ˵ʥϡ

һ޴Ľڤǿߵɣǿźɫʥ𵴵ϣ۵һٴνķ飬Ѫˮա
ɫʥһߣһֱ֣ӽʥץС
ʥ㲻
˵һĨϵڤ˵ľӡٵ
ԶǸڤǿݺݵһըȻΪĨϵľӡһЩɡ
˷Хٶ¾۳˫۱óһƬ׺ݵһ죺࣬ң
̧־һƣֱ˵ϣ۵һǽĵķѣͬʱļ佻֯Ľɫ⣬һѽץ˳
ƾ΢ĩͣҲ˵ʱһĻҲ˵С
˵ꡣ
ڤǿһ㡭
䣡
䣡
䣡
ԶգͬķÿһмΪǿڤϯ
գۼ䣬ڤ־Ӷλÿλ϶аˣҶһ벽ۻʼǿΪףӿڤ񺣰ϯա
˵ͦࡣ
ɨЩˡ
ˣղţǳʮڤʿһȺС𣿡
ڵ
ЦðɣͦС󡣡
ڤǿ߱һһûа仯·ûпЩˡ
ȻȻ뵽˳ڤʿУʹڤʿĿɱɭһǰӵ׼۵ƬɽѰѹƬ࣬˿ҵɱ˹濴࣬ȴǲ룬ǰྐྵץһһǿߵ꣬˿ûнǵĵУȫǣңһС
ſҵˣȻ־ܣ
λõİ벽ۻʶ죬ӱڶԼĳ´
쿴򿪿ڵˣûа仰һ۵һץŵڤǿߵķ飬ٵһɶ
࣡
Ȼˣ

嵽ڤʿʱۣͫжɭɱ
ǶλϿڵǸ벽ۻʼڤǿߣӶʱޱȴ̹ǣĳӣȻΥ汾Ļɱˣؽ⡭
ﬣ
̶ıŴӸղǸڤʿжƷʥĺڵһſڵڤ벽ۻնһ
ʱһɫɱɾٶȿ쵽㣬ת۱ڵڤ벽ۻǰ
ӭ˲Ϣǰһڤ벽ۻʵɫ㡭
ۣ
Ѫˮ俪ڤ벽ۻֱӱһնķ飬Ѫ졣
⡭
İ벽ۻǿߣȻȻ
ôܣ
ڤǿɫһİ벽ۻǿߣһնˣ
Ȼһ嵽벽ۻǿҲǲɵöݣһһİ벽ۻʼնķ飬ͫһ
ɨ۶λñնǸڤ벽ۻʣڤĺܺʡ
ڤָת˵ܴˣת˳ϰ벽ۻʼ޷ͬݣ׻˶Էڣת˳ʱܻΣա
䣡
ǰڤӿնİ벽ۻʼڤǿ۳
࣡
죬־ŭ쾹ȻһնŭǣȻնˡ
ɨһۣɨ벽ۻʺڤʿûа仯
ɱ

˵ţ˳ȥ
粽וּһ콣âһʱ両֣˻ġ
ȽâЩ£ΪƷʥĺڵ߶ھܵһ˲䣬һڤʿѪѣĽ£һһը
٣ﵽ죬ȺСս
Ц
¡һɫڳ羪κ˰ϯƬգתۼ仯һƬããطһڤǿûȥ

ҽתڵڶдﵽεɱ֮£ͨڤʿֵܹˣʮ˱ѹķ顣
嶯֣õ
Ϸλϵİ벽ۻʼڤǿߺ˵⡣
ʦץǣҪºɱǣǻ֣ǰ׳գ
źڵնˡ
וּһһƷʥĺڵ߶ʽͨʥĽâһһͬڽſռԾ㣬ת۱ǰ
ۣ
ѪˮĽ벽ۻ֮ͬǰ˰㣬ֱӱնķ顣

Ϊ벽ۻʼǿߣȻô򵥱ɱŭ𣬹ڤӿѪڵһʱ۳
Ҳʱһƿյǲ˲Ƶǰ
˴󾪣㡭
ˣ
źڵһͼ֣¡
ʱ䣬벽ۻʼڤǿߺݺһֻڵڤһٶȿʼ̣ԵңҲͻأʧȥ֪
⡣
쵭ĮĵΪȫ߶ӡͨӡ֮ӿȫ˵ѹڵڤᣬǽʶڵһס͵һ
ʱ벽ۻʼڤǿߣе֮ɢ漴ֱͦͦĵ£Ӵ󷢳һ졣
屣ãȴǱˡ

ͳˣ
ͳ˵Ϣʧˣ
ô᣿
벽ۻʼǿߣڤڱͳ죬ʱ򣬿һ벽ۻʼͳʧȥɱڤǿһ
ʲô
࣡
ڤ벽ۻʶ죬ŭӡ
ɨˣŲһΣǲת۳һǰеĺڵֱ£ոնһ޴ѷ죬пռ
ʥܣ֣
ڤǿߺȺڳһڱ鲼ƵĹŶܣһ¡
ʥն
ڤǿٴοڣ̹Ŷ֮ڳһʥʼһֱǽ֯Ľƣֱĳն¡


1190 
ʥն죬ޱȷҽ֯ʥƣһʱǸ˿ռ䣬ϢˣΪһƷʥ
̧֣еʥڵһ콣֮նʥȥ

ʥʥײʱ̶Ľڤײʹʥһ
ƽкڵһȦɫ⵴һʥɣͬʱʹô߶ʥ벽ۻҲǵһŵŵɵĺ˳ȥʮɡ
̫ˡ
˵
ʱ׼۶նɱ죬ת˳һ벽ۻʣûһ˿һѹ
ڤ벽ۻǿɫޱ࣬ޱȣ࣡࣬С࣬Ȼ̫ˣٲȻ裡
䣡
ͺͨ屬ڤ羪κһ㳯ϣķ
וּһȹڤ߶Ʒʥʥʥܣһһϳһ᲻ɴݵսߣӸɱ죬Ϣ
ɣһʥĺڵ콣նһС
򣡡
һͺһڤ벽ۻʼһͭӣһƷʥϽ֯䣬ڤӲ£ѹ졣
бˣֳֺڵ̽ɫͼԻǰӭϡ
ˣ
ͼ֯ɫâΪ߶һʱɢޱǿʢķӡ֮Ʒʥͭϡ
ͭѹµڤ벽ۻʵһֻоԼʥڵһʱ䱻ѹסˣԭƵŵʥǻˮϨˡ

ҧٽӡҪͭӡ
Ȼˣͱջȥ

ƽɫͼһͭӸһ漴ϵķӡ̱ޱȰĹâȫʧ
ڤͭӶİ벽ۻʵһ־ŭҵʥ
ҲҪ١
컰򵥡
Ʒʥĺڵʩչ콣һ벽ۻʸٴνӡӡ߶ĸǿ֮ͭ󣬳ųͭӵİ벽ۻȥ
벽ۻһסʥٵŭ𣬿ٺˣΪоɫͼĿֲƺǽ֯һﶼ޵
ֻǣ˵ЩˣͼܵĿռȫӡˡ
⡣
һƽ۴³
˵һͼâţͭӵڤ벽ۻ֡

ڤ벽ۻʲҽУһ˲ǸоԼˣͬʱڱһε飬ʶһķֽ⣬ˮԴڱһ㡣

̲סУϧȴʲôãɫͼâţ֯˵ķӡֱӽʶе
һ֮ͬǰǸڤ벽ۻʰ㣬ֱͦͦĵȥеɷһţת۱ʧӰ١ãȴˡ
ͳˣ
֣һλͳˡ
ô᣿
ڤʿʧɫŹȥ೤ʱ䣬벽ۻʼͳΪСС
СڤǣĿأүĴˣ

¡¡ģɫ𶯣һڤʿѹ¡
ʱҽЩͨڤʿֵܹסĹɱתۼǱƬһһը
쿴һڤ벽ۻʣƽƷʥĺڵһ𣬵ɱ⣬նڤ벽ۻʵͬʱҲ򸽽һЩͨڤʿʱǱһƬƬա
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһըǿ콣â£ͨڤʿͺݶһֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬱ʮ˱ն
࣡
ʥʥܵǸڤ벽ۻɭĶ죬顣
ûаնϣ˱ȥ
¡
ͻȻطĵ𶯣ͻأƿй֯
𣡡
һӵص״Ƭ㣬漴һͷ鲼Ȼ𣬴һɹɵĵصҽ˵Ƭռ䣬˲ɵúݺһ
ޣ
ʥʥܵǸڤ벽ۻʱɫ¶һ˿ɵ˼
ͬһʱ䣬һڤʿŴӵصðȻҲǲɵñɫڵĴˣצɹᴩǳ¡
׼ۼ
΢˫ۡ
쿴ͷȻҲǸоͷν޵Ĳһ㣬׼ǿȡȲζȴ㲻ʲôϡ
һ̣ݣͷ޳λõĵصһƷǳ貵Ѫâ˸ţΪһƴѪ񣬾;ĺڵص
񣿣
ɫһ
żȻĹżĶصµǿƴѪһ޶ȱ;ǳˣһֽʯĶ۷弶ʥΪ챦
·вɵ¶տտâû뵽Ȼطⷢôһȡöֻ֮ҪѰһʯǿԽʶе۷ʥΪ챦Ǹʱսֱһء
𣡡
һ׻Ľرѡ
ӵص׳ޣϱ鲼룬ʮɸߣͬһСɽ㡣Ѫ죬ֱ̽צѹ£ڱɲ񷣬ͬʱץˡ
Ȼǽط˶ӵصðҪˡ
еף
ݣܵڶδﵽʵǿ׼ȴǲУæܣ˫һֱӺԶܿͷ̽צӡ
ˣ
ڤʥʥİ벽ۻʵͺȣʥܺǰǺԶ
һڤʿҲܣȴ˶˳ȥдѣצֱӹᴩһѪգ۱Ǳͨצȫɵ
ף
Զ档
¡¡ģռ𶯣޵צ̽Ƭڤʿצ䵽ǰƬӰ

һеĺڵն
ʱ䣬۵һѪˮĽץצֱӱնķѡ
ǣ
Զڤһǿ߽һǳʥܺʥİ벽ۻʶֱɫ
׼ۼޣȻһնצ
𣡡
ŭצն飬ɷһֻצץ졣

̧־һƣ۵һٴѹצͬʱԶߴĹľ
ôҲ׼ۼްȻһƾ͸ˣ̬ˡ
Զֹ
ûⱻɵޣĿڵص£һΣ֯ɫԻѪץС
ѪӨͬһ㣬һƵ֮ǳѤ
Ȼ񣡡
лһƾâ


1191 ׼Я챦ѹ
ͨѪ죬ϼһĸо
ܺã
쵭Ц
طôһ鱦ֻҪѰһʯܶһ챦ˡ
Сӣǡ񣿣
죬ץŵѪ񣬶ʱһȻ֪ȱ
ԡ
ͷ
죺ã۷ʥΪ챦񰡣
첻ɵһЦõôһ鱦񣬵ҲͦˣСĵĽ֮ʯ䡣
𣡡
Ұ޵쳹ⷽɽԶ׼ۼվһ˫צ»ָһ˫ͫ׳ѪĶ졣
һ̣һϵϢø׿壬ֱӳ˹
ͦ͡
ֹ
ʲô

еĺڵӭųޣһն¡
һռ䱻ѣǿĺɶ
𣡡
ŭʮɣͨ鲼ɫףһ䣬ض𶯣һ״ڳڻˣռƺҪ顣
µĻ档
ݡ
Ȼ棬ȷʵܿ£׼佫벽ۻʼǿ߷յʣ
һ㡣

˵ţɫĴڳ˳ת£ñ֮ǰӿ£תӭ޵ĻԻ棬ȻֱӸס
漴Ȼ͵죬ɫĴ׵ȼһƵշٻ١
Ľɫ棬ȻڡȼĻ棿
Զһڤʿ󺧡
ȼջ棬һĻʵЩ㤣ǵȽɫж¡
ˣȥλͳ˧ˣ
ʥʥܵǸ벽ۻʵ޵Ľ棬׿ĿֲԲǿѹˡ
ߣ
˵ͳȳԶߡ
ͬһʱ䣬طһڤʿٶȼ죬ԳԶˡ
棬ǶܵƿȴǷǳȻǿһĻ
ƺƵҪβܣ
ƽ
䣬וּһеƷʥڵһնɱ⡣
ɱⱻʥնȻǷǳ£ɱˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ԶߵһڤʿȺѣһն飬ѪȾ졣
ͬһʱ䣬һΪĽâֱǳʥܺʥڤ벽ۻʣܿ令ʥܣ۵һᴩš

˿ӿѪȴҧҶٶȣԶߡ
Ǳ
̡
վԭûжȴٴ̧еʥڵնһ
וּһʮŵ⸡֣־Ȼ콣еһ򽣵ͨգۼǱƽڤ벽ۻǰ罣նȥ
˴󾪣ȫ߶ʥֵܵκľʮŵâ̫ˣ𼶵ĽͨԹΪһʥܸԵֵסֱͬʥһ𿪣۵Ľ벽ۻʸᴩ

ŭ
ʱٴζ֣ͼԻɲǼƽ֮ס
һ̲סУס֣ղţͼնͬİ벽ۻʣʱͼǣֱӸ˿־塣
ҡ
ȫ߶ͼֱӽ˵
Ϊֻ壬նɱ벽ۻʵ̫ˡ
նˣ˵ʥʥԶץĨԷϵʶӡ뵽ʯУ漴ƫͷطһڤʿ
ﬣ
ûаĻһڵ콣âϯնЩˡ
Щڤʿһֻ֣ӶݣȻȴӲˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮɽתۼ䣬ڤʿȫն飬
Դ˺⣬׼ۼޣһɫĴױøӿͿ£תۼ佫ͷĻٻٵһɶͬһƬɫˣյĿռֱ̮ӽ׼ۼ޸С
ʵˣصĴףȴҲԵֵǷҽУѶת۱ɫĴջٰ
𣡡
Ǵؾ۳ǣ졣
ƽ̧־һƣһ֮صһƬһƬ㣬ʹϢ˥䵽͹ȣͬ㣬ʱϨ
ŵص׵ޣɫͼ˶ٺ־ֱɢȥ
ˡ

ΪԵصð˿񣬼ֵˣ룬ǾɱԷ
ߡ
к
¡
Ӧһ
£һһ뿪Զȥȥܿ뿪ͨɽ

ڤڰ죬λãһʡ
ʲô
һƬڵһǳΰĵ𣬼һ˿ɭ
վžŵߴӰΪ׼۲Σڤڱͳ˧ڤڰ֮µǿˡʱŸڤ׼۸ӱΪڸղţɳѹ벽ۻʥڵĻȫˡ
ţ벽ۻʣȫս
벽ۻʶսȥˣ֣ȻҲѲµĵȫˣ
Ǹ࣬򵥣
Ÿ׼Уһ
ȥ
Уһ˵
ԡһ˿ڣΪŸ׼ǿһˣڤڰĵһͳ˧ޱƽۻʾΪһһΣ뽫֮ѹأ

뿪ͨɽһ۹ȥ죬г˺Զ
Сӣ⳾ôôһռѰһȫû߲ʹԴ̫˰ɣ

Ҳңֱҵ˳Ҳһʯ
ۣû˵ʲô
ˣתۼչȥ
ʱ߹طȴǰڽƬϢҲûвͬʱʯҲûзһ顣
Ҷð
̾
Ҷöҡ

ʱһһһƬϣպôһɽ߳
ﬣ
ͻȻһɱԲٶȿ磬ŵ
üԽɫֱӺƳȥԶɱܿ
¡һɱڵرֱӽըһ޴ӣ֯

һ
ϣһڤӰ֣ۣ࣬һƬ
׼ۡ
΢˫ۡ
̧ͷڤƵ׼ۣĿƽûκλ
ڤ׼ڲϸ죬߸ϣһߺֱӶ֣̽ѹ¡
ˣ
ʱ䣬ʮձ̣ڤ֯ϣĻꡣ
µһƣȰ벽ۻʼʿǿ̫ˣͬն
ıûа仯̧֣һĳ
תۼ䣬˵Ĵֱײһ
ۣ
Ѫˮɽڤ׼۵Ĵֵ飬ϵŵŵɵĺˡ


1192 ʬħ
ڤ׼۴鿪ŵŵɵĺˣٴοʱϾֱ¶ݡ߾׼۾̣Ѿ£ȴһֱۡ
һָ̣ɭɭ⣺ǿ󣬲֪Σ
һڤӿһڤһͷͷδ֪ͷۣ֯ɷ𣬳졣
ʱ¡¡ģƬձĲҡһմѷ첻ͣĸ
֮ǰͷ޿ºܶࡣ

û𡣡ƽֱΪӶȭһͨȭ⣬׼۵Ĵͨ۵Ľ֮飺һ
ۣſڣţ

׼۴𣬱ĵתۼؾ۶ٴθɫһ𺳡
֮ϣһƱֱۣͨϣǰܵһͿ
Ҳţ
˵ͺȣڳ˵ڤһƵӿޱĶ졣ԸϣԼ׼ۣȻһࡣ
ϾţˣҪ飬ֱѹ˴ȥ
ʱһͳдһڼ׼ǰ
ڼ׼һ㣬Ǹߴ࣬ϢǱ׼ǿһЩԭˣֻ׼һѹΪڤڰĵһͳ˧֪׼۹ںսúڼ׼۰иʱԻ
һ׼ۡ
۵
΢ݣΪһ׼۶ɵĲ׽Իĺڼ껰еġ֣Լһɲõĸо
ߣڤ׼ۺһӱøɭȻϣһϧˣŻ䣬һһڳʼһֱǺƵϢ춼
΢𣬵ɫ֪˺ڼղᵽġʲôΪʲôԼõĸоԭνһ챦
Ȼȱ
ҧ
ߣ
ͳǳϣԽɫֱӳԶȥ
ﵽ죬ɱ׼۶ԲôѾ챦ȴǾԿⲻˣȱ̫ǿˡ
ಣ
ǲٶȷǳ죬һƿյתۼǧԶ
ߣ
׼߶ڳѹ¡
֪Ժֲ϶ɣʮ㣬ͨѪɫͬǱѪˮȾһ㣬һǱһУһֲĴ쫷硣
ǲɶݣѾ뿪˺ԶȴǱⱦ𶯳ֻһʹǿһеһѪ
Сӣô
ݣΪӶݣ󲿷ֵ˺ˡ
û¡
ҡͷ
أû˿㣬ǲ߶ĸ죬һԶ
һתۣǳȥǧԶ
ٶȷǳ죬ʹڤ׼۶Ƕݡ
һ̣˵ıֶǱñ
챦ǰʲôֻͽѣ
׼۵
һʮصٴһ𣬹Ƶͬˮһ㵴
ͣһѣռŸʶǱⶼ˳ʮֵˡ
ǲٶȷǳ죬챦ĸ죬תۼǱƽʹһʱԺֱðһɺ
ûκζ룬һ߲ǲɶݣһ߼ͼӭ󷽡
ˣ
ͼתصΪȫ߶֯ǿ
ֻǣ챦ǰȴЩˣǱ飬漴𶯶ѹһƬƬգһƬϡ
ȣ
Ѫɫʱò԰һЩܵĴ˵Ҳ̫ء
ûа㶺̫壬޸ܵˣǲ߶ĸ˼֣ٶһһǽǧԶ
߲ˣ
׼ۺͺڼ׷ں棬ѹʮƶٶȡ
ͬʱȻҲڿŲɱ£һһ⡣Ҫץס죬̽ѰνƬ硣



ռһƿһ
켹һ߳󷽼һͨطһԸٶȶߡ
챦׼֧ŵ챦û濹

ͺȦڣǿֶγѹȥպȻ׼ۺͺڼ꣬ȻܣֻԴ˾ܵ챦ѹĻ쳯ͨĿһģһ
ͽ
׼
һ𣬵һУĴ˺ƵʮҪһѹ
ͬʱѪ˲Ĵˡ
ҧûаԥԶȥ
ߣ
׼Цͺڼһ߶йڤڳһڤ󺣣ڱʮ񷣬ռ䣬ѹ졣
һʱ䣬رͶһƬ޴ӰķĿռ䳹ױڤסˡ
䣡
һ̮ڤѹ£š
ҧֱӽֻͼͬʱҲһ໥ںϣһʱݻֻͼŲӭȥ
תۣ֯ڤ󺣺ʹֻͼײһ𣬱⡣
ܿ죬߸ȥһֻͼ飬ڤ󺣻һϯ£ֱʹʮÿһѡ
ȣ
Ѫɣ϶ʱ鲼Ѻۣһܵش
ûжǿ֮ʹԶȥһǧɡ
׼ۺͺڼɫֱ׷ϣ˫ȴǽ֯ŨŨľɫ
ղͼʲôȻĻ֧߸ʱ䣡
׼۳
Ϊڤڰ챦챦һѹһʿͨȻܹ챦Ļ߸ʱ䣬̫ںˡҪ֪ڤڰĵһͳ˧ޱƽۻʼΣȫǿҲֻǿ֮¼һʱѡ
һ㣡ܲһ㣡콫ѹ˴ȥ
ڼͳ
ʱ׼ۺ߶ĸǿѹ죬һƬƬա
ǲԶͬʱϳһڵͨ챦𶯳Ļ
ͬʱҲһ֣һһεļź󷽺Ȼӭϡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿ챦ӿѲ񷣬Ѵأһһⴴ
أ̫壬ֻһɶݡ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱ䣬ǲҲ֪˶ɽԽ˶ϵԽԽأѪϣȻҲѺۡ
ҲʱܵĿЩѹǰһƬɫɽ룬йĺɫн֯ط񷶼Ⱦɫ
ʬħ룿
׼ۺͺڼ׷ں󷽣ʱɫͱ䡣


1193 ʬȺ
ʬħ룬Ƭɽһ𣬹зӿԹҲ֪жУΪ⳾ߴ׾֮һֻԶԶĿžļ¡
Ͻѹ뿪
ڼ
֪
׼ͳ¡һǿʮѹ¡
ɫ԰ףֻͼźӭϡ
ȣ
ֻɲǼ䣬ٴοѪƷȥԶϵѺ۸Ӷˡ
ҧվ̫޸壬ǰƬʬħ룬ֱӳȥ
СӣҪȥܲƣ
׷£Ҳ˵ĺأϵ׶˲١
ȥΣա

ǰɫɽһһзȻǸӦ˷ǳ¶ѹֵϢźԶһɭĸоһƬ
ûõѡ챦׷󣬳ȥضѣƬΣյһ˿תΪղ׼ۺͺڼ귢ľȻƬɽȺǳɵΪηҽ롣ˣǽɽ󣬽ܹдϢĻᡣ
ಣ
ҧ̫ľתǲ߶ĸǿһʬħ롣
׼ۺͺڼʱԶݣȻǿҪͨʬħʱǵ׷ɱͼжһƺ⣺
һ۹ڤӿƬĹԴڲ֯
ȹԷǳ£ͬǿеǹ⵴֮һжˡ
һʱһɾ㤸УҴ⣬ǿĴֻͼһγңͬʱĲûͣ£ǲʩչޣ㳯ǰȥ
䣡
ĹԵֻͼֻ֧Ƭ̱ͱķѣͬʱһɿ񱩵ķ籩һУǿպһ˷
ٴαƷڿѪϱ鲼Ѻۣطͷ¶˳
ҧѪˮ˼أȴʱתĳǲǰٶͻȻת䵽ʬħԵ
ģܵĴ˱øأûаפ㣬ʬħڿȥ
ʹú󷽵׼ۺͺڼʱɫ
ȻĻԳתۿƬɽԵթ࣡
ڼͳ
궢죬ʬħ룬Ǿأȥ˱ɣ
ȥűѹ׳գ
̣ͷҲصĿʬħ롣
ʼһʬħķΧʱо˼ȵıе¶ƺһ˲併ʮȣйƵУ·һƬڤ
ʹʱһȴûж룬ֱȥ

ʬħ⣬׼ۺͺڼ궼ɫһ䣬û뵽Ŀ˽ȥ
ǶʬħڣӶ˶ѹ죬ջûŲʵǶʬħǳɵΪ̫ǿߣȻڤĵۻʼҲˣȻ챦Ҳҽȥ
ô죿
׼۵
Ҫץס죬ѰνƬ磬ܻһĽһߵдãȴǿ뵽Ƭ׾Ľڡ
̫ΣգЯҲȷȫ⣬ܻʹҲУⴳȥڼ궢ʬħڣӰѾˣȳ棬ֹղбۻأһȥ߸ͳ˧
á
׼۵
ڼͷһڤڰȥ

ʬħڣɽƬɫӿŨҵ˼㡣
УҲ֪˶Զֻоˡ
ˣû׷

ʱѾԶʬħԵԵˣڤ׼ۺͺڼҲо˵ϢȻͬԤϵǰ㣬˶ƬʬħǳɵȻ챦ıڣҲ̤롣
ȷʵû׷ȥ˿漴ʱʹʹ֮ǰ׼ۺͺڼ챦׷ɱȻ˼أΪڱ׷ɱĹʼս񾭣ʹвǿңʱ׼ۻʺڼû׷˿ǿҵʹжʱӿϣ۵ֱ졣
죬г
ܵ˱صĶ࣬ʹȻǿңԭûʲôܵˣʱвϺʹһʱʹоϵʹøЩϲɵð
гЩ



ת̫ɿ޸ͬʱʼܵĻ
ȥܺɽһһ̫ߣûжֲУҲǿήģɢһͬʱ棬ѪɫطӿݵģźɫճҺ壬ɢζ·Ѫˮһ㡣
оȥƵطЩ˰Сӡһתž޸壬һҲڴܣʱɵô˸ڤ϶ǽû׷Ѿ뿪ˣҪ˳طʵЩˣǧֶЩ
ҵԤ˾Բôȥһ챦⣬Ǹսط˳ȥųɻѰ·
бһۡ
ſڣ漴̾˿ðɣȷʵͦ󡣡
û˵ʲôʱΪ׼ۺͺڼû׷Ĳӷŵƽһ߻Ƭʬħڣһ߸ϸĴܡ֪֮߳һξ룬һ߾ʬвʬǱĺƺǸոȥãʬϸоǳ˵
ͷԳء
ֻţ꣬벽ۻʡ
òڤһ϶ǰӦ׼ۼΪ
ָЩʬʱʱһ䡣
һ߾ߵʬֲĺɢңûô⣬ǰȥ
˸ʬһЩѾµĥɢŹһЩΪȥʱ䲻ãĺãûиãп˴ʮ߰벽ۻʼʬʮߵ׼ۼʬɵ¶Щɫ
治ʬħν

ˣʱͣ޸һơ
ʱ˵
˵⻰̲סǣĳصˣһ׶ĵʹ
ͷһ̱Ǳ΢ݣûǾ޸ƵĻᡣ
ţʲô˼
ɻ˳Ŀȥʱɵöһ£˿
ȥ֪ܲʲôʱһһߵĹʬһѪ죬ɢϢֻʥĹһɨͷʮ
⣬⡭
ɵö¡
ҲʱϢܣһ߾߹ʬٶͽͬҰһ㳯һצƿռ䣬ɭϢš
ľʹӶ콣ܵƬĽâ϶
Щâգ۱ƵЩʬǰǰһʬɨɣƬѪͻȻֵĹʬʵ̫ˣһƬвٶʥոǰһʬĹʬǳȺӵѹ˹
Ϊ
˵
챦˼صˣս໹ʣһңôʬȥɱȻܲǣܲѡ


1194 ۼɷ
ʬܼҶѹ˵£ǲʩչֻǿܣżһȭĹʬ𷭳ȥ
˼ܣżҲĳһצӣɼͷʬ
¡
ͻȻԶһҵĺһɽ鿪һͷʮɳĴ档
ֳͨ죬зݰ֣ǣһֻֻۡ
ʲô⣿
һġ
ҲǶݣ棬ʵЩ졣
Զ۹ת׼ͬһͷ˹֮һƬƬѣһͷʥĹʬײǵײķѣѪһء
ۣ棬ģȻ
׼ˡ
΢ݣкܣΪͷĴǳǶ
ʱǶˣһ׼ۼаԿܼѡ
ŵУתۼǿǰһڳϵʬȫ˦ɣſճҺĿûȥ
@#үԸ׸ҲԸⱻ̵̫ˣ

ƶ죡

һץסβͣǲܣһһӰܿĿ
裡
Ҳʱţһ㣬һȦ͸Ŀ𵴲ܣ֮һ̮ʯһѣһ߾߹ʬķ顣
춯ݣæĻ漴һ̱Ǳȿ𵴲ϣһһʮԶײһɽϡ
˶Ƕ˺ɽɽϣؿںͼʹ̲סһƺߡ
Сӣô
ʵ
û¡
ҡͷ
һǰٴηţаܼ۹תǷһ̹⣬֯һɫ
콫ӺɽƿǲƳȥԶ㿪Ź
ͣ
ںɽϣʴƬʯɽҡ
ǶݣɫЩ£
ϣܼ۹תһһ˹ûа鲼Ȼǽһһ˿Ҫ뵽ȥ
ץβͣɫĻ壬ٴβǲˡʱ֮ʵڲ˺׼ۼĴӲӲǾҲڡ
濴ȥӷףٶȴܿ죬תۼٴοʮ֮⡣

ͻȻһɫ׵£ֱĴϡ
۵һ淢һҺɫըһûʣ¡ͬʱɫڵرըһ޴ӣֱʮңȫδ֪·һƬͿס
ɵ뵹һĻסˣ඼һ¡
ǵɫ磬ôģ׼ۼǴ棬գ۾ͱٵˣ
¡оţǵɫ磬һĵۻǿ߶ܲˡ
ɨܣ谵Ĳ񷣺ĵӰĻףԭһֱ𣬸ղǡôﵽ£ϡ
пܡ

£һһԶƬһֺɫֻԵҪ氤һǣǿɵҪѪùпֱܱ
ܿ죬뿪˺ԶʯȡŰƷε˱Ϊ񳯵ļݵáһöԼһö漴߶̫ʹʥɿתµİƷ˱ϣ֮ǰ׼ۺͺڼ챦µƿٵĻָ
ûͣԭأƬɽߣһˣһߴܡ
תۣһʱȥ̫ϰ˼ƻָ˴롣
ͬʱҲ߳˸ԶԽ߰һĺɽ
УԽ߰ɫɽرǷǳ죬ӿݸˣ඼ǻ˺ɫҺ壬һۿȥǺѪˮûʲô
ǣ
ѿһֻצ̽ץĽס
췴Ӧܿ죬ܿͬʱһŲȥ
һֻצֱӱ㱻һŲȵķ顣
ⲻֻǸСطúֿ˳ƬƬʬһСɽȥˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ӡ
ɨһۣп˼׼ۼʬķǳá
Դ˲û⣬Ͼֻʬѡ
к뿪ܿгǧɾ롣֮ҪƶΪʲôĿģֻǲ뵥ľͷһֱԭأǻԵúɵ
ţʱתֹȥһʱ񷽥øЩ͸ɽĺɫԼ俴ļŷǣںڰзŹ
ҹˡ

ȥʱʱ䣬ƻѾȬҲǺõĲˡ
һһ߹ǧɾ룬;п˸ʬˡ
Ҳʱܺ÷ǳžţ
Ծ
üְ̫ͣˡ
йŹ֣
ҲоطЩ̫
˼ܣͻȻɫԽɫԶ
СӣͻȻʲɻ漴Ҳɫ͵Ĵ䣺ѽ
ʱ׶ֻղڵλϲ֪ʲôʱһͷɢӰͷѾ˵رϣҲסˣֻܿһ˫͵ͫףͬʱҲëʮָͬӰ㳤
ϣƣԼԿֶ˼ţȴǷǳģ
𣡡
ͷɢӰХɢͷɢ¶һżΪ԰׵ͬĨһ㡣ͬʱĿźɫԣȥΪˡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģĺХһ˵ɷھ˳ͬʹʬħ붼ɵûζǷ˴㡣
ңɷ֮ڣǼһƵĵһС
ۼɷ
ëȻ
ȻҲǾȣû뵽ƬʬħھȻȲεĹȻȲĵۻǿߣȴҲǲˣмӵǳ¡
𣡡
ͷɢӰַһɷӿ͵ͫ׾ֱסƵɷ͵ĵۻѹҰް˹ȥ
ʱֱӱѴƬӿɷŵҪһС
˹ˣСӣ
еһͷۼɷɱ֮ǰڤ׼۳챦ɱǻҪĿ¼֡
㣬ʲô

ۼɷȷʵǱ֮ǰڤ׼ǿ߳챦ɱҪϲ٣ǣȴԵú򶨺ܴݡ


1195 ʬ
ɫɷӿ֯ŵȷʵЩֲǿԸʴʬħ붼ҡΣ·һ̾Ҫ鿪ˡ
ıȴǺ򶨣ûаҡ
ˣ
һüļȴһƵԣһƬƬڰƮ˳֯⣬ʼһֱƮǰĵۼɷӭȥ
ʶаȣԾͷۼɷ֮ǰڤ׼۳챦ɱ£ʱȴƽǳ򶨺ʹݡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ڰ𶯣ͬХ϶ⷭӿ
תۼĵۼɷײһۼɷɷĥ˲٣̵Ĺĺݺһ˳ȥʮԶ
⡭̲סۣСӣţ
һۼɷ챦²٣ʱȴ㱻ˣʵͳԾ
ҵʶѡ

ǰĵۼɷƽڰƮܡ
𣡡
ͷɢĵۼɷͫ͵ģɭɭø׿Щ
죬ͬҰް㣬ٴ˹ȥɷӿʴС
ߣڰ𶯣֯һγԷϯȥ
ͷɢĵۼɷٴα𿪣˳ȥʮԶһ˹ȥ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
죬ͬǲ⣬һƬƬڶԷĹϡ
ˣͷɢӰϱĺɣѪһƮڿС
úúãԸɵ˫۷צӵȵۼɷмĿԴѪõܹΪ
ϣڰƮɣʱȴüͷʶͨѹͷۼɷ֣Էǰƺ࣬ȿɷȴдеϢоϢ
һߵǿ߽Ƭ⳾򣬶Ƭʬħ룿

𣡡
ͷɢĵۼɷ˻𣬼ӵɷͬӿٴ
ӭʱʱ籩ѹԷÿһɷһδνԷ𿪣նһпֲĺɫʬѪڵ󣬽涼ֱڻˣʹõرתۼ両ֳһӡ
䣡
ͻȻλãһɽ飬һҵӰ߳ͨ彻֯⣬ϢҴŵڤһ˫ͫ׳Ѫɫǳˡ
𣡡
λãƿ߳һͷɸߵޣûͨ帲źɫʬ룬һ£ʬħƺҪѿϢºˡ
ͷۼɷ
ݡ
Ѫɫͫ׵ĵۼʬɷ޻ĵۼɷֱӶסоһһϵ˹Ȼǡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģƬʬħζĸ治ϵı顣
̲ס˸˿Һ
ͷɢĵۼɷһ¾ͷۻʼĹˣ
ԶһЩ
ɫƾܵɿ⡣
漴һ̣üļ߶ĸǿᣬתۼݻһͼͬʱͷۼɷס
ˣ
ͼһʺɫһʰɫཻڣ⳯ܵ
ͼͬʱסͷۼʬɷ漴˫ֽӡֻͼҲ֧ɢʥϢҲ߱а֮ܣͼһӭϡ
𣡡
ͷۼɷϢʮ
ϢЩֲһʱ䣬¡¡ģȻֻͼܹаȴǱĲͣζʱп飬ʵǣͷۼɷ죬һϢǿµЩˡ
΢ݣ˫̧ٴνӡʹֻͼøǿ
䣡
˵ܺһսͷۼɷ·սյرѡ
ʱ䣬ƬʬħڣԶһڰеаﶼɵ÷
ʵǣͷۼɷʱսϢ̫ھˣһЩͨаԣǳ޴
Сӣʵ̫ʺϺаսˣֱаĿǣ
ֹͷۻʼĿֲʬɷȻһ֮ȫ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰɭɭײƬʬħĲ񷶼Ҫˡ
ʱڱŲĺɫɢȥϵǳˣҲ֪ʲôʱһԲ¸߹գƬͶһƵ»Եޱʥࡣ
ͷۼɷɱ죬Խ쵱ͷɢĵۼɷʱͣ鲼ëֱŲ¶Բ£ˡ
⣬귭֯⣬նѪɫͫ׵ǵۼɷ޻ĵۼޣȻע⵽ͷɢĵۼɷ쳣΢üͷ
ʲôѵҪʱ¹⾫ɣ
ͷɢĵۼɷЩŹ֡
𣡡
Ѫɫͫ׵ĵۼɷ޻ĵۼɷ˻͹졣
ɷûκǻֻۣͬʳҰһ㣬ȫǽ쵱˿ɵĿϺ죬ϢԽԽ׿񣬶ƬʬħƵŵ׳ʹ첻ɵýһЩѹ
ıȴǲûʲôĲʶøǿ
䣡
ӿϰ˻ġ
Զͷɢĵۼɷеͫе͹âǽһЩңǿĹǲɵ΢΢ëĹңң̽գǻԲ£ƺҪץ
໣
𣬲ëĹĸˣƫͷߡ
ͫ׵̹˼֣ϢȴǸŨˣͬɽ鱩һ㡣
ǣϢ
ݣʱ򣬲ͷɢĵۼɷɢϢ
໣
ٴδͷɢͷۼɷдһ̣ͬҰеҰޣֱ죬Ǻӷ
ϢЩֲ춼ɵһֱӽֻͼ߶ĸǿᣬǿĹԣ׼˹ͷɢĵۼɷӭȥ
һ̣ǶݣͬԶҲֱɫΪͷɢĵۼɷһ̲û˵Ѫɫͫ׵ĵۼɷǰһץסۼɷħֱӽ֮˺ڿУѪһء
ң⡭
ۣͷɢĵۼɷ׿ɱƸĻ׵
Ҳǲ죬ͷɢĵۼɷʱͻȻɱһͷʬ֮˺˿Уʵɻ󡣶ңļµǣͷɢĵۼʬɷղ˺Ѫͫʬһצ֮ʵЩֲȫǴ֮оȥƺ챦ҪֲǿԻһа㡣


1196 ˼
죬ͷɢĵۼɷ֮ǰڹɱһҪӣʱȴͻȻתɱһͷɷһצ֮ίʵЩֲȻһͬΪۼɷֱ˺ˣĶԷ̲ס˿
໣
ͷɢĵɷ˻еɫâ˲٣ϢȴŨˣһͷԵ߳Ĺ۰㣬̲סĲֱŤ
鲼ëʮָͬӰ㳤ƥתͷڹɱ޵ɷһͿ絽ԣһצӽ޻ĵɷֱץסͷɶߵ޵ɷݺһ޵ɷֱ˺ѳ롣
һʱ䣬ӵĺɫʬѪ䣬طնһƬ
⡭
ƤӶɵ£ͷɢĵɷ̬ļ
Ҳǲɵļ£ͷɢĵɷҲ֪ôˣͻȻÿֲʮӣͷͬΪۻʼĹȻת۾ͱͷɢĵɷˡ
ѪıضǣѪͫɷ޻ĵɷ˺ĥͷɢĵɷͣë˫մ˺Ѫ̧ͷϵԲ£̵ʬɵòеɫâøеϢøŨ
ءȥҡ롭ءȥ
Ǽƥʬɭɭһ̾Ǵޱɳơ
˵˵ˣ
ۡ
ǳԾСͷɷһ̾Ȼ˵ˣŶԷĶ˳Ŀ⿴գɵһ⣬ͻȻ仯Ϊ
ءȥءȥ
ͷɢĵɷϵԲ£ëʬеɫâҪʧˣҲʼΪеϢ򽥽ǿ
ŲϵԲ£ƫͷĿϡ
һ̲סһͬʱֻͼĽ䱸š
ʱͷɷֲ̫ˣоһޱȾ޴ѹ
ৣ
ƿͷɢǵɷ˲ǰһץס˫硣
ɫֻоͷһۣæ߶ֻͼѹɷ
һ̣ǶݣֹסѹԷֻͼ
һ̣ͷɢɷץ˫磬ƺûҪĴ㣬ΪҪǣڶԷһ˫ͫзֱ𿴵һԲӰƺĳǱڵطĲϵԲӡ˫֮ͫϣþûɢȥ
ԶԭҪʱҲǿͷɢɷ쳣ûҪ˺ƣҲԶ䱸Ŀš
ءȥءȥ
ͷɢɷץ˫磬ëĵɳơ
첻ɵǶݣŶԷŶԷ˫ۣһ̲ܿʼӳͫϵĿеԲ£пŨŨ˺ͺص˼
˼硣
һ˲䣬Ժиֳôĸ֡
ԹµĴͳѾһǿԲ£ԲԲҸӣСͷ£ͷ˼硱ʫ뿪˶ڹ˵˼񣬿ͷɢɷͫӳԲ£ͫе˼ɵһ
һߵ磬󡣡
ૡ
໣
ͷɢɷе˼Ũ̲ס˻ͨɢ⡣
ǣ
ݡ
ΪɷʬȻɢ⣡
໣
ͷɢɷ˻ŨˣƬʬħ롣
һʱ䣬¡¡ģ񷶼Ϊ֮ҡŨֱӽס
һֻоһɾʹͬһʱ䣬һ澶ֱʶСһƬɽľȺмСݣһ⼸һ𣬾һʯǰ۵ϽǴЦ⡣
һ̣һƬƵأһڤʿĿ¾飬ˣС棬һԲŹֿ꣬ڻҵڤг棬ƵĨɱһһڤǿߣӱڤԨ⳾򣬵סһһҪ߳⳾ڤǿߡ
һڤǿ׹䣬ڷ⳾ͨһͨڣȾѪֱͨͨգ꿪ʼڷ⳾ݺɱһδըһδ飬׹뵽һƬɫɽڡ
ǡ
ץͷɢɷ͵һ
ʶиֵЩ棬ǶԷľ
ǰͷɢɷǻеꣿڤһʱԷɱƬ⳾򣬵һ⳾ȥһҵڤǿߣΪǿȡʱӡס⳾ͨһߵͨƬ緢Ѫɱڤ壬Ȼ
ͷɢۻʣ̲ͫסૣʵһ̫ϳ˵ģѪΪ۷ӡס⳾ͨǱǼǿߣǡɷǼ֮۵⼸ˣ
໣ͷɢĵɷץ˫磬һ˫ͫ˺˼ҡ롭ءȥҡܡȥȻǸӦͬϢץ죬ɳƣ·
г˼ץ죬ϵԲ£һβ
໣
ϵĹˣøŨһѺ۳֡
ǣ
һͷɢɷһ̾Ȼڿʼ塣
Զݣ˹ԣʹĥ𣬿ʼлˣ
໣
ͷɢɷ𳤿գƬʬħ롣
ϵԽԽԽԽŨתۼ佫嶼סˡ
ⲼëϣѷԽԽ࣬ٶȱԽԽ졣
ȥ
һ˻ɳƴ̶ƺ¾߱Ǻһ㡣
һ̣ϵŨͬȼץ˫̷飬ǳ׷ֽ⣬գۼǻһѻҽűߡ
һ˲䣬طðһƬš
ͷŽűߵĻҽס˸
ۻʣΪ˸ǿȡʱӡס⳾ͨһߵֹͨڤʿǱߵ飬ɱڤڵķ⳾ƬѪս˷Ƭ磬磬ɷȴһУȴ֣˼֡ȥ
ֻҪȥһȥعȥ
һ壬ץűߵǶѻҽҴȥ
ǿߣΪ򣬹ǻңӦһߵ磡
ˣ
ͻȻУɷĻҽҫ۵Ĺâ̼ǽ֡
ȹâԣԵɿĳӿȥû뵽ʶ
漴һ̣ȹâ˶ʶԻһööصķƣ֯һ¶Եĵͼ
ڤѪϱ壬ɱɱɱ
һ쳹ʶ캧ˡ


1197 ʥ
ʶ𶯣캧ˣʹ쵱ɵһ
ˣ
ط˸֯ĵͼӵĵزַĵӽ֯ʶ΢΢תһһɻɬİ壬һɺ֮
ͬʱ貣ַƮɣʹܵĺڰԱɢˡ
ǣ
⣬ɵЩȣڲԶֱۿ
ץɷѪҽ󣬾ȻйâȻҽгְȻʵЩ졣
ˣ
⣬ŨַƮɣͬСһ㣬ûڡ
漴һ̣ʶеŵͼø貣ַࡣ
ңһɰԵаϢ֯˳ʹ岻ɵһ
̺ѪҽеĴбʥ
ɵõоֱ֯𺳡
ʶеĵͼ⾹һ˵ĴͨΪɷ껹ŵʱ⳾ڤѪɱ

Ħʶеĵͼʥס˸Щľ
ʥȻ˵Ѫ׼ڼ׳ԼӶԼϵĳɳҽԼǵһϱʹϱǿϳɳ
ͬʱͨĶȡѪ⾫ͬͨĶȡѪ⾫Լǿд˵ⲿȡѪеɣȷʽɳѪеܹõĲֺ٣һʣպӰպУʥȴǲȻ
ҪȽڵԭʶĨһǣȻԼһƱԴǣԱԴӦǣȻԽڵļһƱԴΪڲʩչʥݻʥͼǵ׼ԼԴ׳ǿ
൱ĸӺͼѣһŪþͻ˼꣬Զͨ˿ƿغǣЧȴǷǳˣΪĨ˵ʶԼһڣǵڲʩ׼ǿԳֵǵҲκκ֢պлǶԵӰ죬ֻʹԼԽԽǿ
ʥ
â֯ϴɷĻҽڴûڡ
漴ʶУʥĵͼ˼֣˵ת
ģȹâطԲڵĿռȫˣܵĺڰɢĸ࣬񷶼˼֡󣬵ֹȥӺɷѪҽĹâԱðվɢȥ
켡⽻֯΢⣬һƾâ˸һ
СӣղЩʲôû°ɣ
ʱ˹
û¡
ҡͷ
˵ţץŵɷѪҽȡһƵıƿСĽ֮װУҽʣɷĻҽҲһ롣
ǿߣӢͣҪԷĹǻҴһߵ簲ᡣ
װλǿߵĹǻҵƿ뵽ʯ֮У漴վ

Ƭʬħڵʱʱ΢һ˿˿ɭ⡣
һ漴ƫͷ֮ǰƬʬħ߹·
ߣȥȡ㶫
к
ȡЩɻ󣺡ʲô
أ
н֯â
ɷĹǻڣõʥڴУͨ׼ѪԼ׳ʬħڵʬ֮ǰѾʮ׼ʬ壬ǣҶĺãˣƿʥԣЩʬһһڵıأֻҪЩĻõ׼ʬʥ֮׼ʵһڶʱڴǣ
أʲôأͱʬбأ
ü
ûϸ˵ʱ·֮ǰЩ鲼ʬĵطȥ
ٶȷǳ죬ú֮ǰĵطһһߵʬһΣеʮ׼ʬԼϣžâǡ
ۣһĹŹ֣СӣʮʬᵽԸʲô
֪ˡ

ʮ׼ʬк뿪úƬʬħѰһԱȽεɽߣԼƽҡʮ׼ۼʬɽ棬ɽӡϥ¡
һ߿ʮʬ壬ȻԼ£ʲô
죬Ǻ档
ţ֪ܿˡ

˵ţһסʮ׼ʬеһߣüֱӳһԡ
һƱԴ꣬üļٶȷɿ죬ת۱û뵽ղŵǾ׼ʬڡ
漴һ̣һ絴׼ʬ˫ۣϬ⾶ֱ˳ҵһɷǳǿ׼ۼѹֱԵرվ
ʬˣ
ۡ
һԭ͸˵ʬͻȻվʵһ¡
ҡ
һվ׼ʬдȻ
۾ɵĸԲԱڵϵ죬ֿվǾ׼ʬɣСӣ㣬ǡ

ٴδ׼ʬڴ

Ӿɡ
žͺãܿܶ
һδ׼ʬڴ
һƱԴû׼ʬУӿʬڵÿһ䣬ʮӦǣָܹо߱ŵķǷȻΪȥܾúɢ࣬Ҳɺܾˡ
û׼ʬڵһƱԴƿǣʱԵĳΪǵʶԦ׼ʬһתۼߵıԱߣıϥ£ıľ룬ֻвߵľ롣
ʼ
û׼ʬڵһֱӽʥת
ʱ˵һһööķӡ׼ʬƮ⣬ͷϿգƱԴס׼ʬıһ𸲸ǡ
ʥͼ
ˣ
ʥͼһƵĵ·˰㣬ɢ˵ıԡ
漴һ̣׼ʬڣһȦһȦĹԳž˵Ϣͬˣ͸Ͽյʥͼ֮Ϊý飬ֱû뵽ڡ
ʱıһ𣬱ڵҲʥתЩϢǿϢÿһѪڣÿһ羭С
漴ϵϢɶʼȻٶȲǳ죬ȴҲԲһԵҲ֯˳ϡ
ͬһʱ䣬оԼÿһѪⶼһǰʥ֮׼ʬϢӿѪ⾭ڣʹøǿ


1198 
һʵʥͼڰգһƱԴû׼ʬڣʱƿ׼ʬһƱԴ׼ʬʩչʥ׼ʬѪеϢһƵ׼׼塣
ˣ
ŨĹԽ֮ΪϢһƵûıڡ
һƱԴ׼ʬѾȥһʱ䣬Ѫ̺Ϣȴǲܶʱȫɢ˲١һ̣ʥϢ׼ԼȻڱҲתʥɡ
ͨѪ⾫Чر𣬵ȴһ˵Ѫ⾫׳Ӷᣬ˵а֮
Դȴ˿Ҳ⣬ϣͨʵϵа֣֮Ϊģֻ˲а֮ʲôͨŶΪǱаںΪƣǱ
ˣ
⣬ŨϢɿûڣա
УľԽԽʢΪ򲨶Ҳڱǿ
⡭һĻɵõԲۣû뵽Щ׼ʬȻҪЩ׼ʬȻĳ׼ʬڵϢǣʩĹȴȣԿͨĶȡ˵Ѫ⾫Ĳͬʵ̫ˡ
ˣ
ʥͼɽڣһƱԴ׼ʬ׼ʬڻʣµϢĳû뵽ڣʹϵϢ׳
ܿ죬ӹȥ

һ촫һ̣׼ʬһ£漴ʬϳһѺۣͬմɵİѡѿѷ쿪ʼ࣬ʼ󣬲ϳʬطӿȥϻⷽɽڡ
ݵһһ΢׼ʬڳΪֱӼļһƱԴ꣬׼ʬҪʱ룬ֱûıʶڡ
ҲʱǿĴ촫׼ʬֱӷ飬˻ҡ
˫ۣʥ׼ʬڵϢȫ׼˳һ̣ǾʬȻǱ˻ҽͬһʱ䣬ȭͷоԼǿ˲٣ͬʱΪҲһ
죬߳ʮ֮һˡ

ʥ׼һ׼ʬΪڿʼʱ̨߳ʮ֮һǷǳ˵ջ
СӣڱǴѧģܾˣǰûмʩչ
ۿ졣
ĳʩչһӶᣬΪһǧֶԣȻǲܶԴ⣬ֻǿ;ޣ̫Ƿˣ
ղţǰĵɷá

һ㶣漴ʲôʱȻΪǹǻĹ⣿
ͷԡ
һȣɷǰһ㰡ȱ
ȷʵܲһ㣬սͷλǰ¶ԣսݣеġ˵ţһ㣬һƱûüģҸղŵõķţǵλǰƬ⳾ѪɱսʱȡʥѪȫ׳Լ
Ӧ˷ʶʥ漴ʱдȻޣ˷ʥ󣬸ĸоڱĲɵɽڵʮ׼ʬⷽɽ⣬еĹøŨ⣬ƿʥʬħ룬ֱǡضǱذ
ʬħʬʵ̫ˣ׼ۼʬ֮ǰͿʮ֮࣬벽ۻʼľ͸˵ˣƿʥЩʬɶǱذ
ԣ

ɵüٲȻҵһΪʵĿׯ
ɽڵЩ׼ʬקצӵһԣ
䣬һƱԴû뵽ɽڵһ׼ʬڣʼʥ׼׼ʬ
ֻǣʮȴʧˣ岻ɵôֱӿȳһھѪ
ôˣ
ü
УˣƺֻС
ɥ
ֻУ΢㶣ͨƣ
ͷһЩǳǿͨʼڿʱڼķӡķƣֻȺвܳɹȺΪڵľĲͬϢĲͬ޷ɹƿ˵ţƣΪʥʵǺܾޣʬħʬأʥΪڶʱڴǣǣΪ壬ȴ޷
Щ죬¡
漴Զݣ뵽һ㣺λǰƬ⳾ڤսдڱӦǲԼڤȥڱڿʱƣڤõڱҲ޷ɹƿء
ˬ
С
ͬɨһۣȻˣǾû취ˣһɡ
˵ţٴͶʥⶴڵ׼ʬ
ˣ
һƱԴһ׼ʬڣʥݻʥͼ׼ʬıһסһƵϢ⣬ӿڡ
ܿ죬׼ʬ׼ϣʬһѺۣһҽ
һߡ

ⷽɽڣתʥһһʮ׼ʬֱȥʱ䷽ϣɢϢʱﵽһߵ㡣
һ̣ɢǿϢһ٣漴ʼһǳ˵ٶȱ΢ǿսʯ
Կ磬ʱʼߴ壬ڰȥ
ֽˣʥٶȡ
ȣͬʱ̲ס󷭰ۣôֻء
ɽڣԭأϵϢϱ΢岻ϵĳʯתԼȻǷǳʱڷʲôԼ
ˣģϵϢԽԽĲֿʼʯ˫ȵţŵ˫֣ٵȻͷ­գ嶼˻Ұʯʡʱ֯ŵϢ͹ȣͬһҡڿе΢磬ʱпܻʧ
ˣʱţܿ죬ʯһ¹ȥ

һ죬һʯ忪ʼѣһѺͬ֩һʯʵϳӿ漴ֻʮѣʯȫ鿪һµУͬ㾧Ө֯΢⡣
˫ۣâһš
ߴɹˣΪһ̨ס
죡



1199 ۼ
â⣬н֯žâʥʮ׼ʬһ̣죬ĸоԼøǿˣ࣬ø棬ʶøҲñ֮ǰ׳˲١
ΪԵǣһߣʮ׼ʬϢѪУʹǱһΰ㣬̫ࡣ
ã
аһĨտտâ
ʹﵽˣǡ
ۡ
ֱʱԾЩƣھ޵ʥȻ޷ƿء
һЦԭվ
ʥ
˵
֮ɽ߳ʬħڣ֮ǰһѶѵʬԣһ߾׼ʬȫߣʮߡǽһЩ벽ۻʼʬҲߣдڤʬ壬Щʬ
һʱ䣬ƽɽ߱ʬһŨҵƵ
ôʬ壬θá
б
Ϊ˱ǿ

˵ţԼɽϥ£üļһƱԴ꣬û뵽ɽڵһ׼ʬڣ漴һ̣׼ʬֱվ𣬿նͫоֱ˵⣬ֱĶ棬¡
һƱԴ׼ʬڣƿʬʼתʥ
ˣ
ʥת׼ʬ忪ʼ⣬һӡ֯漴۳һʥͼⷽɽڻת׼ʬһס
һ̣ʥͼ˻׼ʬڣϢֱӳһƹԣû뵽ڣ䱾Ҳתʥ£ٵա
ʱɢϢٴοʼӣҲڱǿ
ֻǣʱٶȴ˲٣Ȳ֮ǰϾڴ죬ͬķٶȻȲʱ
ܿ죬Сӹȥ
ʱһ棬׼ʬһѺۣ漴ѺۿʼӣиѺ۳֣ת۱鲼ʬ
ಣ
һ׼ʬڳ֮ǰȥһƱԴ꣬һ»صʶڡ
漴棬׼ۼʬ飬һѻҽڻʣϢһƱԴʩչʥȫ׼
˫ۣоΪȴܶ࣬ΨǿȽԡ
ˣԭһڴϱΪֻΪ

ʥǽ׼ҪӼǵ屦ϡ
ĳ˵֮ǰеʥļǿ˲١
е
ļǳҪǿͿѭ򽥽ʥǿӶᣬֻҪпӶĶǱǿڶʱڷһηԾǵǿٶԶԶļȡһ˵ʥǿ
һɽڵʬûԥٴתʥ
ˣ
ⷽɽڽ֯쿪ʼڶ׼ʬܿϡ


ⷽɽߴԼƽ˴پʬǰǰ벽ۻʼϥⷽɽڣһһЩʬֱȥʮʱ䣬ǽЩʬʥһ
ˣ
⽻֯âĿɵ
жΡ

һΣپʬΪڴﵽжΣһСϾǴڡͬһʱ䣬ǱøǿˣֻԶһȭǴһ֮տŤ
ǡ
ԾԸо˿̵ǿѾޱƽۻˡ
վɽ⣺ҼǵãһЩ벽ۻʼʬڡ
ⷽʬħʬأѾ׼ۼʬ꣬벽ۻʼȻҲ˲٣ȴǻв٣ʱҪ֮׳
һô࣬ܵ𣿡
ü
¶һȣʱ̫вõӰ죬˵ʬˡ
ͷû⣬Ҳ
£ٴδⷽɽ߳úذ߰벽ۻʼʬ÷ⷽɽڣֱϥ£һƱԴһʬڣʼ
ˣ
һʱ䣬Ľ֯ʥͼٴθ֣һƵԷɿĴ߰벽ۻʼʬڳû뵽ڣʹס
ⷽɽЩʬһۣʮʱȥ
ʮպһ죬߰벽ۻʼʬȫϣϵϢ˲٣ΪҪﵽ۷壬ǿʢһء
һ棬ǵǿΪˣһϣõʱ䡣

ȭͷʱϵĿռ侶ֱ̮˸ɾ
ңһƵĵ绡ָ֯ˡ
ã
Լȭͷоâտտ
һ̣оһȭ졣
ǿȣԳԽˣҲܹȵۻʳǿߡ
ۡ
ϥڵأ⶯ⷽɽ߶ɵûζ
óȥˡ
˵
ʬħڵ׼ʬͰ벽ۻʼʬʥˣΪ˽С̨ףǷһξ޴ʱ䣬֮ǰǿʮ
ʱоʱﵽһͣټʬˣңʬħڻֵʬҲѾûˡˣʱ뿪ˡ
ͷ߰ɡ
£һһ߳ⷽɽߣʬħȥ
ʬħڽ֯ŵŨŨʱʱо˵ĹХаƬɽһɽҡΡ
䣡
һͷȻðʮɸߣѪ죬ץ



Ȼצˣ鲼ɫë֮ռһı̮
תۣ޴צһһϿգݺѹ£ĵױѿˣһɹɾ˵쫷絴ˡ
ݣ׼ۼĹ׼ۼڣҲǷǳµĴڣ
ࡣ

˵ţ̧֣һʳָӭϣǽѹצ
漴ѹצϵʳָһ
ۣ
׼ۼȻʱ飬ѪһأرֱӸʴ˴Ƭ
ֱӵԲۣ׼ۼҲޱȿµĹȻһָ͸ٵˡ
ǡ̬
̾
쵹ûô⣬˶ٺŽƬʬħ·ȥ
໣
𣡡
ʬħڣХǺʱʱһɽ붼δ֮ζ
ʬħȥ;˲ٹаΧɱȴǱһһɻҽ
󣬴Լȥһʱʱ䣬ȫ߳ʬħķΧеѹֺʱࡣ
Ŀá
˸


1200 ͽѹ챦
ʬħԵĿʵЩѹ֣ʬħȣȴҪࡣ
߰ɡ
ͷʬħ룬ڴ˵ضԶȥ
Ȼûʲô˵ģĴһԡ
ܿ죬һһ뿪ʬħ뼫ԶҰȻʬħӰһƬƽ͡
Ҳʱͣ
ôˣͣ¸ʲô
ʵ
ƽһЦûʲôֻּڰе󡣡
طԵЩտͣ²ӣȥ
ʱݣڸǣûְ
ߣ
һһһŤӰԻ˳
Ӱݣǣ
ԻӰ꣬һۣһڼףĶ죬Ȼ֮ǰ챦׷ڤ׼ۡ
ϣǵ治ȻܴƬл߳
׼۵ĿϣһƬɭȻ
ǰͺڼ׼챦׷һһʬħڣΪʬħĿ¶Ҳ롣ʱڼ׼۷ڤڰ룬ڤڰڵ׼飬󶼾ͺڼ׼ʱʬħؼ£ܴһƬʬħ롣
֮һֱʬħ⣬ȥһ£Ļ˳
Ӳ
ĵ
ڼ궢죬䣺ҲȻܷյǡ
ʱһֱʬħ⣬ʬħ߳ȻȣȴûеһʱֱӳʬħȥԶʩչ˷ǳǿѹȥ˼Ϣиһһ׼һһԶʬħķΧٶ֣ȴǲ룬ûеȵǴ߳ǾѾһ˵Ĵڡ
쿴ˣɵЦ
ʱȻµһֱʬħ⣬ҲµΪû߳ʬħ˲ѹǵʬħ롣
㿴ЦȻʹڤ׼ɫһ䣬Ըо
͵壡׼۱Զʬħ룬һο㻹ӣ
䣬һһʮرڳ֯˵ĵڤ⡣
챦
һΣҲٸκλᣡ

˵ţʮصֱӶˣʱסܵÿһռ䣬ƺƵĳѹ£ڱŲɱǰ£Ҫڡ
һʱ䣬ģرһѣһƬƬ̮Եúš
׵ͬ˳챦˿̵ȹƣȴԱһǰǿ࣬ˣһ޷ĸо
ϣ򣡡
׼۸죬ĵ
¡һɢڤŨ֯ѹ
һɰĴʮ
̧ͷ΢
һ̣һǰǰӶݣֻǳǰһ̧֣ȭ
ʹڤ׼ۺͺڼ׼۶һ㶣Ƿ̵ĴЦ
ʬħ룬Ȼһȴɵ𣿴ζѣȻͽֽ챦
׼۳ŵ

ڼ׼Į
Ҳʱȭͷ챦תۼײһ
׼ĵϣǧҪˣļ廹ãôõЩδƬڵƬ
ˣ
һ𣬲ֲ̮â䣬ֱӴ˵Ļ
ƬڣڤûһУ漴һ̣˳ȥǧɾ룬һƵĴɽϣֱӽɽѹķ顣
ԭأһҲ½Ƕһ˿תâ
ǣ
׼ۺͺڼ׼ɫ
Ȼͽָˣ
ܣ
׼̲סеĶ죬ǲš
һǰͺڼ׼ǰ˿ȫûзƵĶߣʬħڣ߶ĸǿܵÿһգ֮ѹ£ȴǱһֻȭͷ͸ǧԶ
ǰ󣬲ʵ̫ˣ
һʿ֮ǰǱ׷ɱȥһ£ȴͽֺ챦ˣ
ЩĿࣺһ
ʬħڣѾȵۻǿˣǳ£ʱ򣬼ͽֽһ챦ĺɣ̲סľԲۡ
׼ۺͺڼ׼ۣǹŵЦһȥ
֮ǰչˡ
˵
ǰȥÿһ£ضɵһΪǿ𶯡
һ˵ڵȫ֮Ŀռ䶼Ϊ֮ҡ
׼ۺͺڼ׼۶ǲɵһ£һԸоһǰЩͬˣɢǼ
챦һΣΪеڶΣ
׼
رɵкڼ׼һ𣬺֮ȫ߶
ʱ䣬һ⻪ɣɢһ˵Ĺ֯һ˵ƣŴٱͬһ̫ħɽ㳯ѹ¡



ܵĿռֱӱǷˣо˵Ļֲܿ
ϢЩ£ʹɵöһ£Сӣܽס֪ǳ£ȴ̲סʵʵһ̵Ĺ̫ˡ
һЦ¡
˵ţûκζĶֻ̧֣ѹһȭӭϡ
ˣ
񱩵һȭѹµĴֱѹУȭâʮ졣
漴һ̣һٴαҵĺɣȥɶԶɽ󷽲ͣ
⡭
׼ۺͺڼ׼һһ̳ˡ
ǰ࣬Ȼν챦ͽֺ˳ȥΰ
ô
ڼ׼ҧ
һǰǰ챦ʱֻǱӶݣһδαĿѪ񣬲ŹȥһµʱѣȻͽֺ챦ˣ
ʬħ룬ʲôǲõʲôԵ
׼۵ͺȡ
ʬħһʱͷôı仯Բе£ûһµʱڷô޴ı仯ڤ׼붼ǿԿ϶һʬħ˴Ե
û˵ƽ
׼ۺͺڼ׼ۣ뵽ǸɷսڤĻ档
һһѹǻҡ
˵
һ̣ˣһռ䣬ɲǼǳ׼ǰ

һĮ۴³̧֣һ¡
һʮռ̮£׹䣬ݿࡣ
׼һһʱо˿־壬ˡ
ȻǸӾ֣Ϊһ䣬һɿֲĴ֯ܣе·޿ˡ
ס
ۣ
Ĵ£˵Ļ۵һ֮ĵķ顣
꣬һ١


1201 
ѪˮУ׼ը飬һĵ
Щˣʹúڼ׼۲ɵúݺһһ˲ñˣŵŵɵĺˡ
ôܣ
˶¡
ΪﵽȲΣ˭Ҳܻᱻڵһȭ͸ɱ
·ˣһ࣬һȭɱһ׼ۣ
̲סһǡ
Ŵһȭɱһ׼ۣ
ûʲô仯ԣɱһ׼̫ˡ
ƫͷڼ׵Ǹڤ׼ۣϡ
ʱ䣬ڼ׼ۺݺһ
ಣ
ƿ֮ʱڼ׼ûκԥ׹Զ챦أֱԼٶߡ
챦αͽֺɣ׼۱һȭɱʱ˷ǳƿҲԲĶֻ֣һ
쿴˶ߵıӰɲ䣬һռ䣬֯һƵĻâ˲ڶԷǰ
ûʲô֮ͬǰ׼һ㣬ֱ̧֣һ¡
ڼ׼һȫӭҽ챦Ҳ߶ԡ
ʱ¡¡ģ챦ĹɢһɻԵĴ˳ӭϡ
ûʲô仯µû˿ͣ٣Ʋ¡
ͣ
һ죬Ĵ£챦ֱӱǱ
ȣ
ڼ׼ۿѪԶǿϲѺۣͬմһ㣬ʱпܱ
⻹Ϊ챦һƵĴ󲿷Ľֻ֮ǰǸ׼һ޶³
쿴ˣϣǿһ
ֱǡ
Զ˿Һ
ǣ̫ǿˣ
ڼ׼ۼѹֻоܵĿռȫϢˣƶúܼѣоЩ
࣡죬־ŭ漴ͺйѪͻܳͷϵӿȥѣԼѪͻûڣƺڽһֹһ׼ɫһӱò԰˺ܶࡣ
ͬʱһɢޱǿϢһӶ·ʲôȻתʹնΪ֮һ¡
ˣ
ڤӿϵķӡҲŶŲâ
Զɫ϶ı꣬ǶҪˣ
Ԫ챦ۻʼǿƶɣһбڣӵһʶǻۣҷǳǿ󣬿ͨĵۻʡһ£챦ڵȱ겢ڳУֻڼʱŻѣԶסɱС
ʱ򣬺ڼ׼ֶ׼ʹڵı꽥ѹһɼ侪˵Ϣ֯ʱʹо˾޴в
ˣ
⣬ڤӾˣһһתĲؽԲ
ڼ׼ɫ԰ףҧдԹޣرѹ˵⻰ɷǳܡԭֱӶߣȴǽ£Ϊ˻òֶλڵı꣬Ϊ죬ԣֶλѱ꣬һ˲Ǹ˼Ĵۣ࣬Ϊ׼۵죬޼졣
䣡
䣬ɢĹâøӳң֯ĵøǿ
쿴һĻͣפŲȴǲûʲô仯
䣡
ڤ죬𶯣֯ĵӿֲˡ
һ̣һӰԻͬһͷް㡣
ȫ͵򹹽ɣò壬ֻһ˫ޱ䣬ڸ߿ϸ죬·ŵۻʣǿϢѹȵĿ˻
СӣЩ
ݡ
һ̣ԻӰɾı꣬ŵϢʵЩ£طشڸŶǳˡ
ƽԻ꣬ȻܸоԷĿ£һ˿ѹ
վֻһ˿ѡ
ࡣ
꿴죬ĮʵĴֱ̧ץ졣
ڼ׼ԾѪͻܻѣȻ֪¡
¡
ʴ̽ķռ䶼ҡƺҪѹС
ûʲô̧֮ͬǰ㣬ͬһǰ
ˣ
һƣԱ֮ǰ˼ʱԴԡ
¡һײһʮռͬ涼ųɡ
ĿĹ⻪ܣ漴һ̣һӰɳȥǧԶ
ǣ
ͫһǵɳȥӰѵıꡣ
죬һƳһ챦ıꣿ
ڤĺڼ׼ȻҲǷ˺ɳȥӰΪѵı꣬岻ɵһϵıҲһٱ䣺ôܣ
ĿĹ⻪ɢȥ쾲ԭأƽɳȥķ

䣡
Զǿڤ𣬵֯ա
죬ӱ˼֡Ÿո챦ѣȻ㱻һ˳ȥЩ
ˣ
𶯣̼ųɺ⣬һƵķӡ𶯣Ļͬһʮ
һ̣ƿر壬Ԧ챦ѹ죬Ҳ֪֮ǰǿ˶ٱȫų챦֮
һʱ䣬Ŀռˣϸ˻Ũơ
ƺƵļԦ£
ãϣɣ
ڤĺڼ׼ۺ
ʱԦҲ֪׼ۼԦ챦ʱǿ˶ٱȫصĲ𣬸Ͳһ׼ϡ
쫷Ƶա
ǰĺڷĿ趯ȴǺޱ仯ʱѹƫͷڼ׼ۡ
漴ˣƽˡ
ڼ׼۲ɵһȻ֪ҪԸ̲סһ־ŭ㡭ʱڹɱȴȻƹ
࣬ſˣ޴
ĮҲǿʱҪɱڼ׼ۣܲΪʱҪѹ죬쾹ȻΪһˣȻʱ
䣡
ɢıâԦ壬ٶͽȻתۼѹϡ
ʮռɲǱȫһзƺʧȥЧá
ƶĿ⣬һƣֱ
ˣ
һƣ˾ųֱ⣬һǧԶһƬƬա
㲻ֻһ챦ıˣ˵ǿͨۻʣΪıȵˣ
Į


1202 һ챦
Ԫ챦ı꣬żϳԿһĻ羳ۻʣʵȴˣҲ۷弶챦ıԴﵽΣͨ챦ı꣬ʵս޷͵ۻǿȣĵۻʶȲϡԿĳԶԶﵽ۷챦ķ룬ı꣬Ҳǵۻʾ޵жѡ
Դˣ˿Ҳ⡣
˵ڵۻ޵Уôǵۻ޵е޵С
㲻
Į
һɭһ˿ŭɫ㡭
һ࣬Ȼ
ǿƣүϲ
ԶͬʱҲЩȣû뵽Ȼǿ˵زһ챦ıȫѣҲȫס졣
ڤǺڼ׼ȴɫɵ÷
ô᣿
촽¡
ôĴۻѵı꣬ȻҲסǰࡣ
ƫͷٴοڼ׼ۡ

ƽûκ仯ֱ̧֣һ¡
˵һƬռƥѹһС
ڼ׼۲֣⣬Ȼȴֵһơ
ۣ
Ѫˮڤ׼۵飬ҲһС
նڼ׼ۣûа仯·ֻһ΢¡
ƫͷ꣬ʮ
ȱһ챦
˵
ĶУжʱŭǵûнУ˿̾Ȼ˵ֻȻҪı塣
࣡
ͺⷨɵ⻪ɣĵ𶯶
ѹ
Ⱥ𣬼Ԧʮ£ϵһƷĵȫһͷͷɳƺƵĳ칥ȥ֮һжٵˡ
ƽƽŶȥ
Ͻ֯ŵ⻪һ𣬱𶯶ĵۡ
漴һ̣粽ǰһ¡
ˣ
һѹ£Ϊ֮ҡֲʮ졣
һֱӱ˳ȥԵЩǱ
˵ˣ㲻ʵſš

죬Ϊǿֻ壬ͬʱѾԺ͵ۻ棬ʵ֮һ챦ı꣬ûʲôˣȫλѹơ

𣬱ϾǳһѺۡ
¡һֱûڣʮصֲܣ㳤ɸߣͬʮ¡
ɱɺֲܿʹɵô˸ֱӺƳȥǧԶ
¡
Ƶ֯иķĵ۴ڽ֯˳һ۵Ĺܵÿһ䶼ˣͬ׹㡣
򣡡
һڴٴηŴ󣬸ߵǰɣֱѹ졣
ʱޱѹ֣ٴδƺһ̾Ҫ飬̮
ƽһλΪȭǴһȭϿպȥ
ˣ
һȭѹֵĿ˲䱻򱬡
漴һһȭϣֱӽ챦ҵĺԶ
ڴһŭڵıǳģȻ졣
࣬ţ
ͺ𣬼ԦֱӳԶնȥ
һ̣ˣȻȫգҲǰĶ֡
ವһֻɲǶѣԦݳǧԶ
鵭ĮһһУ𶯳һռһǿ絽߳ȥǰ
ˣ
ֱ̧֣գ£ƺƵѹ¡
Ĵּ佻֯ŷǳ˵£ŴѹƵֻдңһץС
֣࣡
ڣŭ
¡¡ģܣϵķӡǴ֯һһƵ⣬һɴҪĴָſ
䣡
һֱ̣ƴˣ֯ȸղǿʮ
ץĴڲһ˿ѺۣеѪ˳
챦ȷʵһ㡣

Ժͨĵۻǿ棬챦ûƿص£ȴƣȻֻһ΢СѺۣҲܾˡ
䣬һйԴּӿһʱ޸ϵѺۣͬʱ⾶ֱӿȥһ̿ʼڵǵꡣ
ǶݻҪȡ챦Ȼ÷ꡣȻı꣬챦Ʋֻһѣң֮Իʱݻµıûʲô˵ġ
ˣ
ץסַŹ⣬ԴԴϵӿڣͬʱ룬תۼҵڵı꣬ӿеֱؽᴩϡ

־ŭҲų౦âֵӿؽĹɱͬʱҲҪץסĴ֣Ӷʩչ롣
¡¡ģ⻪ɣâûһУֲµ
Ȼȴûʲôãһգȴ𲻿Ĵ֡

ŭ
ıȴǷǳƽץֵֽӡͼ
ˣ
ͼԻɢž˵ԣ΢΢ת漴ʼСͬһݵһǳ뵽֮ڡ
ʱ䣬ٴηŭͬʱҲһɿֻŵ
࣡㡭ʲô
꾪ŭӣͼӿ룬ʼɿĳµ䡣
Ķ

ıǳƽüļâƣʶ˳ݻһźڰͼɿСͬͼ㣬ƿҲڡ
һʱ䣬Ϣ㣬ɫͰɫ⽫еס

ڣХ𶯳ա
ģס֣
ޱȾŭ
һ̣ͼͼһӿ룬Ĵھڱɿ飬ŭ㤡ѾǻˣȻôʧ
ľдȴʼãѲ졣
⡭
һĻȣͬʱҲԵú˷ܡ
Σܽ°
¡¡ģĺХŨҲֲǳˡ
ǣıȴʼպƽ𲻵˿á
ˡ
˵
Ż䣬˵һֻͼҲϽ֯һƵӣâ˸䣬ҲС漴ֱ֮û֮ڡ
ֻͼӿ룬ʥϢ֯𶯶ʱ

һֺͲʵĲҽдڴ漴ƽ
ͬʱƬռҲð
һЦɿ֣ɫ⽻֯С
ʱֻдߣṴ˹ָɫâŵʱƮǰʮصԵЩɣͬʱҲ֯һɰΰ

ۡ


1203 ŭڤۻ
֯âֻдߣӡŸطģӡиֵӣԵ÷ǳǰһޱȰڶ
̧֣һʱǸоĺ嫣һ׵ĺڶ㣬ƥֳͬһԵԴȪ
챦Ȼ
н֯â
еĸоǿͬһž޴ǳ㡣
ã
̲ס
Զ˹еǾȣ˷ܡ
һ챦Ƿˣ
˫۷⡣
챦Զ죬Ȼĵۻǿ߶ӵԼ챦һȱ챦׬ˣ൱Ƕһھ۲ء
䣡
ͻȻԶһȵ䣬ʹ񷶼Ϊ֮ζ
ʵĵĵۻʼǿɢмķŭͬʱҲдž˵ɱƺƵĵ޾սֲ̿
ǣ
ݡ
ۣĵطˣڤڰǸǸоԼ챦ˡŵâϴһ˿Ц
һɱɣ
пܡٳ֣ȡԭеӡȫĨȻԼʶӡʶڣֿڵߣ뿪
˵ţкһԶ
ᣬڤڰֱܻɱǿһĵۻʣҪԷɱһ챦ҲֵܵסΪ̫ˡ
ʱк뿪׼Ѱһεĵط

ڤڰ죬λۻʹһߴӰ𣬵ˡ
һۻʣڤڰԭڱչأȴͻȻѣԼ챦Ȼ˶ߣݻı걻顣

յ飬ǿĵۻʵˣһ뿪ڤڰ죬漴һ̱ǳղĵط
ֻǣطտҲֻưܵأûκӰ
࣬ϣ
ǿĵۻɭɱͬ嫺
ΪˣȻڱչʱߣȴҲ֪ණ֪Ĵڣһߵ磬Ǳߡ
ն
ˣӴĵۻʼʶƺƵĳӡ
Ҫҳ죬νƬ磬Ȼ̵ֶն
һʱ䣬ĵۻʶƵʮһŤ޾޲ϲ
ͬʱڤڰڣһڵļ׼۸ľڶţΪǿޱƽۻʲεǸ׼ۣһҲڷ
ϰˣϾţȫս˵Ҳ
߸׼ۣ

ڤڰ⣬ǳ㣬ɽһԽ֯һӲơ
Щɽ·ų棬һһ޴󣬴źϢ֮Ĳ
ಣ
ಣ
еһɽڼٴУúѰһ
ȥ
漴ٶ֣һⲼ¾žŰʮһط漴ͣҲⷽ
ͬһʱ䣬һɼΪֲϢԶյʮء
һߴӰϣۻ룬ڤ֯ͬڤһħ㡣Ӵ̹ǱӰ˻ģǿĵۻʼʶɨһɽ
¡
ɨһɽǳһѺۣǳˡ
ô׷ˣɵöһ£ѹСӣӡЩܵסͷۻʵǲᱻְɣ
ϵڤڰԵЩš
һĵۻʣҪ챻ˣǾֻ·һ
ġ

ѾҪƽ۷ˣǿֻ壬Ϊ¿ӡžŰʮһķĿԵסۻʼǿߵʶ̽Ѱ
¡
Ƭɽˣڤڰĵۻ纮֯żΪֲϢɱЩˣͬǻ㣬ɨ⸽һɽ֡
УڵԷɨΣ㲻ϻζһѺۣȴǹĵۻûзǡ
ϣڤڰĵۻǿŨĵۻɨԶҲԶ粽ɱһգ񷶼Ҫ̮ˡ
ܿ죬ڤۻԶ뿪Ƭɽ
ֱʱǳ˿
Ȼܱܿôĵۻʼǿߵ

ΪӦǴڵۻʵڶѣžŰʮһΪӡ£סεĵۻʵ̫ѡ

ͷŲȥڤڰǸۻѾԶ
ڳȥ
졣
ʱԷӦûƬɨӣڳȥȫ˵룬ʱʹչһʱ䣬һΪ͸ȡ
ʱΪķǳ죬Ӧúúõȹһ͵Сͬʱľǿͨǲӡ콣ȣ˺ܴռ䣬뻨һʱúòЩͨΪԴﵽ߲Ρ
ЩڳȥȷʵЩա˵Ǿ˵ģչһʱ䣬үҲƿصǼڳ
䣡
ʱƬɽǿĵۻ纣˶ɨ
ڤڰǸۻڶߵĲϣһεɨ
ϻߵ
ͬʱҲЩңøղûгȥĻΣˡ
¡
ϣڤڰ絶ɱŨˣǿһһĵԲɵķΧȫУѰټ
޹
ϣ
̹ǵڲϺƵʮٴ뿪ܿԶ
·ɽгһһѺۣΪڤڰ¡
ˡ

ɨ۸߿գùطܰȫ˵ţ˶٣ٴζ֣ⷽڻ˫֣һڸӡʮһķ漴ͣ£бչزУΪһڲĹУԿһЩҪɢ̫ھҵĲ
ȻķһϢܰȻıܿۻʵڶǿߵɨӣչʱɢھ˵пܻΪһӣʹڤڰǸۻ˸ӦǵĴڡ
˽⡣
Ȼ֪컰е˼
ͷҲ˵ʲôֱӱ˫ۣ̫ľתԼľ񣬺ܿʹþﵽ˵ǰ۷״̬ھԵƽȡ
ϰӡ



1204 
ӡһڷǳǿͨϷӡ춯أңǰϾƹؾݻӡغ͵أʹڱǿ󣬿һڳɱʱչⷽУȲͨ
ˣ
תӡҪ壬϶ʱеâ֯ɢڹԡ
ʼӡͨȻûͼֶΪ۳ͼǿķӡڤڰĵۻǿߵ֪
ҪʶнУʶڴһδݣķµĸַӡһһ磬ʶһ۳صͼ
ͻƵأӦò⡣
а
ںܾǰӡͨ˵ؾΪﵽڰ죬ΪţӦÿԽ򵽵ؾ
˫ַɿĻ켣۲ɼȴһɷǳ˵ĵڻƣ˿˿ƵĲߣһɷӡԾоȥǳȴǸһޱȺ嫵ĸоһһ㣬η
һرһޣһرһǿ󡣡

˫ֻʶڽ֯ӡڱһһ
ڴˣŵķӡϢԽԽŨǿһ㡣
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
ˣ
һ̣â֯ЩʥǹɷӡǿˣӺ嫡
صӡͨ͸
һϼһݻĵأ

Ͼƹӡļޣݻ˵غ͵أתۼ㽫һۻʾϹĨɱ
ʱӡԭеؾϣʼϾƹµĵؾ͵ؾ
ˣ
⻪ʶڶʱһƵԾϾƹݻĵۣӡؾΪؾơ
Щĵۣӡŵ
ʱķӡϢøŨˡ
ܿ죬ȴǽüͷΪ̫ˣǳ¡
Լԣܿ죬üͷĸ̫ˡ
ϼһҰͰôѣȻ˵ʲôûµĵľݵ˵ؾ
̲סĥ
ؾӡ֣ǰС
̫ˡ
Ҳôﵽ׼۾ܲ

ҡҡͷѾ֪Ѷȣͣǿ
Ǹ
е
˵һ˫ֽӡԾӡӿøӵĺ嫡
漴üҲʡ
һ̣ķӡϢøŨͬʱȥԼԿɫͼüڣ໥š
صͼӣصͼӦĵԼγһִɱƣʮ

ֶֹΣȻϾƹ֮ǰһ
ԼҲصͼӹɱȴֻǼ򵥵ĵӶѣͬϾƹǰ㣬ͼȫһԶԶûϾƹ
ˣ
ʱͼأ޷غ󣬹ϿʼϾƹͼʽոֵͼϵĵ䣬ʹøصͼϵĵӦǢͣͬʱӿǡ
һǳḶ́תۼһ¹ȥ
һ죬üļĹâŨ࣬Ŀصͼһ໥ȫǢˣɢķӡҲ֪֮ǰǿ˶ٱ·Ŀؼһа㣬Ǿ˵ϢʹԱڲɵòһ£˫죺Сӣڸʲô
ûʲô
Ц
ʱϾƹµӡ⹥ʽͨ͸൱ֶһڼǿĹɱֶΡ
ɵɨһۣҲûʣֱۣ
ԭʶ˷ӡ漴ͣ
ǲ

ǲƿصһڼǿܹоؾ磬Ѿ˵ڰؾʱ򣬴һͻƵھؾȥãӦ
˫ۣʶǲܱûжƿڲϾΪﵽȸ߶ȣʶ
ʶǲԵ࣬ûͬӡʱǰ㣬ӿһжԵ÷ǳƽ
ˣתۼѣʱȥ
һ죬˫ۣоâ
ھأˣ

ʱ䣬ʶڲǲ˵ھؾʱ޷飬ҲԸоٶȱǣͨۻʡ
ˣǺٶȣܿͨۻʡ


ƿصǳ࣬ľˣʱҪһһ򣬽ƿصĸͨΪƿص߲ΡţǸʱսضǿ
ˣ
תһʶУ縡ֶ֯ʶڣһһ衣
һ

һţһ߽ҩҲתⵤϵ䡣
ⷽڣʱâڣÿһ䶼ˣཻ֯
ʱɿţһȥһʱ䡣
һ죬ͣоâŨǿϵĵʢ
ŽףƷ

һʱ䣬ͬʱ֮ϣȡ˾޴ĽԴﵽ˵ھزΣڵޱȣڵĵޱӿԺܾˡ
ͬʱһЩǿһЩµĵͨҲ˶Ȼģʱʩչ࣬߱ž˵
ã
оâտտ
ͻȻһɢŵϢɿ½ת۱ޱ΢
ǣ
в졣
ʱ䣬չزӡǲ͵ΪȻڲ֪ʱ죬Ҫʼڵĵڰ˴
Ӧ£ѸԼϾĹ̲ɴ⡣
Żȫκס漴һ̣ϵϢø΢忪ʼʯ˫ȵţŵ˫֣ٵȻͷ­գ嶼˻ҰʯʣϢ͹ȡ
Դˣ˿ţΪѾߴᳵ·
ˣʯܿһʱȥ

һ죬һ촫ʯ忪ʼѺۣӡ
ѺԽԽ࣬ʹʯʻ忪ʼ飬һʯڵϡ
ʮʮʯʵȫ鿪£¶һµǣһƬӨɵİ㣬ת΢⡣


1205 ټ
ʯʵȫȥ¶һ壬Ͻ֯΢⣬㡣
أ

н֯âȭʱоǿ࣬ʶҲø׳ǿȵоǲ̫ԣϾ֮ǰʥʮ׼ʬͰپϵİ벽ۻʬѾﵽ˵ۻʼΣεǿȣʱһǿȲ̫

³һת̫ľ̵ǰΪ
ת̫ľĽɫâԻһ㱡㡣
ȹžתʹøո׳𶯣һ
̣һαա
պľ񳹵ȶѪͬһ㣬ͬһڻ¯
˫ۣһš
콣ȭһ

ƿص̫ˣʱҪһһԸõƿǡ
һ˫ֽӡʼ
ʶݻ˫ֽӡһʶн֯ĴɽӣҶݺѪɫѷ죬̫ǿȣһһʶڸ֣𶯣ʮ
ķʽһһʶУݻһ֮飬һݻѭƿؽ
ˣһ۱¹ȥ
ʱ䣬Ϊܹƿصˮ׼


ⷽڣ񣬿ʼ콣ȭʶ򣬶Ը⽥þľҲЩ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ⷽڱ⽻ַ֯˸Եã⻪ڡ
̣ʱ䲻֪ţܿ¹ȥ
ºĹ⻪Ũǿһء
ˣ
дžâ
ԱչⷽʱʱѾȥ꣬䣬ӡ޵ؾǲ޵ھؾʹﵽŽ׿ʦʹƷҩʦͬʱ޵ĸǿ콣ӳ뻯ѧĸֱƿص߲Ρ
ͬʱ䣬ΪҲڰشﵽھأջƾ޴
ã
ȭоâտտ
ΪﵽأͨһͣоԼǿ󣬱ǰǿ̫ˡʱԼܺͨĵۻʳǿһսҪɵ
Աߴһ˵ʱԱչת
ǽչˣ
ȻۣϾĿɵʵ
ͷࡣ
ջô
졣
С

үҲǡ

ʱ䣬ͨ˼ڴøȹ̣Ϊﵽ졣
ȥ˰ɣ
졣
ȻһֱڱչУǶʱ˶ãȴϻܸоѾչˡ
ٵա

˵ţʶȡһʮ㣬֪Ժֲ϶ɣϱ鲼ŸַĵۣһɷǳȵϢںƵΪµ
һ챦ֻǴæĨϵӡǲԼʶӡȻͶʶڣʱ׼úõĽһϾǴӱ¼һ֮õƿڱ
ˣ
ת̫ľһƵĽɫƵڱӿȥ
ͬʱǼףȽɫԶ죬֮ա
һʱ䣬ⷽƣֱ⽻֯ƣⶴѨյһƬ
ˣһۣչȥ
պͣת̫ľҲ
ˣ
ǰʮص³ʱֻһߣͨ徧Ө֯
߶ʱ֯Ķڤ⣬ڣ̫ľʹ¼֮֯Ĳڤ⣬ǽɫʥâ
ã
첻ɵоâһû
ʱоԵӦֵƿ챦ˣ·ɡ
챦
˫۷⡣
һȱ챦ֵǴľˡ
һЦһһâһ˲ûʶڡ
ߣء
˵
˵ţվּ佫طӡµĽķɢȥк߳
棬ľһ꣬ΪһƬ֣رȴǲѺۣľʯҲˣΪڤڰ׷Ѱһһɢ¡
϶Ʒζˡ

ǽˣڤڰ챦챦Ʒǳѣڤڰɱȴûҳ죬ƶԷѪ
Цţûж˵ʲôȥ
ⷽɽַǳ޴һЩľߵˣƺҪһ㣬ơ
һһУӷǳƽת۱뿪ǧɾ롣
䣡
ȵɷӿطɳʯһͷȻðһһȥ
һͷѪǣɸߣһ˫ӳһƬצӷա
ٶҲǳ죬תۼ˵һһǰ
ǿߡ

ƫͷѪɨһۡ
ʱ䣬Ѫ͵һһһֱֹסŵĿ졣
һ̣ӭͷѪǸоļ£һУǰ࣬·ǵе㡣
ûж֣֮ͷѪһۣкǰȥ
֪
ֹ
һƬ⳾ȴɢѾȥʱˡ
õǣȫϾûκ⡣

ϾǱڣʮûκκεˡ
˭ˣүƣռоԭһļǿߣȻһˣ̫İȫС

죺
һͷûϢ
Ǽǰȥú֣߳ⷽ⣬Զȥ
ƬɽУ˲
˵߲죬Ϣ磬ǳرԲ챦
ʲô
ǰּڤʿҴææĳĳȥϴžݡ
ΪǿܼڤʿĺԶɱ
߲ʹ⣿СӣǲҵǶ
ۡ
֪һֱѰ߲ʹ⣬ƬҲУǰǾѰҡ
ԱߣһͿ˳ȥת۳ڼڤʿǰ
˵߲ʹ⣬
ʵ
죬ڤʿһ
࣡
˳
СྐྵȻ磿

Ƚץ
ڤʿĿɭȻ̶顣
ĴڣƬ⳾ڤʿȻÿ˶֪⼸˱ǰ㲻֪
¡
𶯣ڤ𣬼ڤʿУֱ̧߳ѹ졣


1206 ʯ
ֵ߳ڤʿڴΣϵӿѹϡ
ʵƤ֮࣡
дĹ⣬žâ
ڤ壬˶֪⳾һߵ磬֪ͨ걻ǿӡ֪һƬȺʱһྐྵȻǰʵЩˣץס˴أضһ󹦡
ˣ
֣̽ڤӿ֯һɱ
תֻۣ䵽ͷϿգƵѹ¡
ֻǣһ̣۵һ춯һ£ֱֻը鿪
ֵڤʿ󾪣㡭
Ĵѹ£û죬ֻǰϢˡ
Ǻεȿֲֻһ˲ѱ֪ǰ࣬ʵǳֲ
ӣ
˲䣬ô۳Уͷߣкˡ
һ̣ǳǰ࣬ǲ
쿴ˣûʲô˵ɨռѣֱʹը

⡭
ô᣿
ӣ
طڤʿֱӱˣȻͷӡ
ղŶֵˣ֮ǿģȴô򵥾ͱɱˡ
ɨ⼸ڤʿ⽣Ին
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮӶݵڤʿֻһˣģȫն
ʬħڣǸɷľڤʿǱߵ磬ɱǧ飬ӤŹޱȣ޾ǰ£Ҳʹһ൱ˬټЩʼ壬ҪץѹԣЩڤˣȻ飬ɱʱֱնɱ
Ҫɱң
ʣµڤʿ֣ɪɪ
һǿ絽ǰûһ仰ѰԷʶѰҹ֮ǰ۵߲ʹâϢתۼҵһָ顣
ƶɽ

ڤʿʶ֪߲ԻĵطΪһƬ嫵ɽȺƶɽʹڤڰ⣬ǴʱλãкԶ
ߡ
򵥺˵£漴ке뿪ֱڿգԶ
СӣȷҪҵĶ
ʵ
ȫ϶ǣоųɰա

߲ʹâ˫һ֣мĿԺʶе񽣵Ľйء
ٶȺܿ죬һαɡ
û˵ʲôǰС
֮һһҲ֪˶ãһƬ嫵ɽǰ
ȥǰɽܸߴ󣬺Ρ룬һһЩƲ֮УһӲԾһɺϢɽ价ƣɹ⽻֯
ƶɽ
ǰ
ԡ
ͷ
֮ǰǸڤʿʶ֪ƶɽԭҲǾأͨɽѣǣΪ߲ƬɽгƬɽǷ˾ұ仯ƴ䣬и֯úܲ
ߡ
кֱӿƶɽ
ƶɽڣֲԾľʣطҪ׳࣬ϢŨ
֣Щľոշ賤ǰӦûô׳
в졣
һľľԱſĺۼңۼ¡
ȷʵ
ͷ
֮ǰǸڤʿʶ֪ƬɽΪ߲ĳ仯ƱˣĹľҲһҹ賤֮ǰ׳ֹ
ûж˵ʲôɨӣ˶ٺ漴ⷽɽλȥ
ڤʿʶУ鵽߲ʹâƬƶɽڳ𣬵Ǿλãȴûܹ鵽ԣʱ򣬽Ƭƶɽֻһһ̽ѰңͬʱʶעʶеǱ񽣡ΪֻҪ񽣽һΧڣʶеǱ񽣣ǻķӦ
һ·ǰУúǰ޴ͬκڷ
ͬʱлž˵
һһ໥һۣӸЩ
ܿ죬йɣǰǳһ޴ĺ֪Դͷںδˮת⣬һ־˵ڽ֯ڤʿѰ
𣬶ıģ
ǡʥƬ
龧Сأ
ɫ̺˵⡭ƺҩ
ǿڤ⣬ŵѵ챦Ƭ
һص
ֺ߲Ȼֿȥǣⷽɽȫˣ
طһڤʿԼѣڤӿⷽӴײץһڱֱûײͨں׷Ѱ١
һ

ֻһ۾ܿⷽķǷ̸
н֯ƹ⣬ҲڶǷúɫ΢¶һƾâ
ǰڴпһ龧ӨıʯȭͷСͬһ㡣
ʯ

ʲôһ£ʯǰǴУҵˣ
֮ǰһصѰһ񣬶һ۷弶ƷʥֻҪѰһʯǿԽʥΪһ챦ʱ춢Ŵĳλ³ʯ֣ʱ䶯ݡ
ͷҵˣ
չ꣬ƿصĸӾҲǿͫǿ̫࣬һɨܿණʱ򣬿˺ǰǴײʯ
ǻʲôץ

ͷȻҪ˵ֱӱϿա
ϣһڤǿȥǶݡ
ࣿ
˷
಻һߵСȺ𣿣ôڵƬ磿
ǱߵͨǱӡ𣿣
ô£
ЩڤʿԾһ۾Ϳ࣬ΪϵϢϵڤϢʵ̫ˡ
ץ
˺ȵ
طһڤʿԶˣ¡¡ĳ֣ȫץȥ
һʿͻȻƬ磬Ӱ̫ˣδģ
䣡
ڤ⽻֯طԭѰһڤǿߣʱʱͣڴѰԶ֣ץȥܵնסˡ
ʮϰڶ֣ͨǿߣһܿ¡
쿴ûпЩˣŵƽ֯һƬƬԴײ

ҽжʱⷽϣһڤǿѣȱ
ⷽǳЩĴ̵һʿȻǲֵܵסգۼ䣬طڤʿ˴롣
̧֣ӿһʯԺ׳С
ûʯ

ʯȭͷСȴǳ󣬴һӾ
ʯ֮Ѱʱ䣬ǿԽǱʥΪ챦
һ챦񹭣֮ԶɱƣһǳĿ¡


1207 սۻ
ȭͷʯ֯ΣһůĸоԵúܲ
첻ɵ΢ЦطѰһʯ֮еĴջ񣬲úƿص۷ʥʯϣ챦ɱ
΢ΣеʯʯС
ʱ򣬴ϣһЩڤʿδʱ죬־ֿŭ
࣡㾹Ҷף
˳ŭ
һЩڤʿҲڣо⣬Ҳȫɢɱ⡣
ƫͷȥûʲôֻнŵ˸һƬγܵ
ȹοͣȴо˵ǿ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۼ䣬һѪըǲٵڤʿըѪˮȾƬ档
طʮ澳һڵڤʿһ
㡭
һ̣ʮ־ˣоĿ£ǾԿⲻˡ
ڵڤǿΪףʮ˿ʼˡ
ղŲǻŵβˣ
Ų
ڤʮʿɫѿȴǲٶ˵ʲôವĳԶ
ʱǸоǿҪ־·һѡܡ
ܣл
ƽ֮ʮƾն֣׼ʮˡ
һ̣΢΢ۣƫͷΪĵĶλá
ȻǿЩ棺ôС
䣡
ϷǿԻʹֹסĻ
ǿУž˵ĵ
¡
նҲŶԶԻطٵĵ
һ̣һߴӰڴϿգ֯ڤͬڤһħǿϢʮռ䶼Ťˡ
ˣ

ԶʮڤǿͣߴӰ֣־ϲ
һĵۻǿߵˣﻹҪӡ
ˣ磡
˾Ǳߣˣ
Ǹɱˣˣһ
Щ˽е
ϣߴӰӱͬһľ뢣ĸ졣
ϻСӣϽ
ϳˣȻڤڰһۻʼǿڣǰ߳ڤڰ죬׷ɱ죬ȴûѰټ
ˣɫЩˡ
Ͼһۻʡ
ıȴûʲô仯ڤڰûκμɵ
ԶһЩ

һ㶣ʲô˼أ
䣡
ʱ𶯣ϣڤڰˣգʮ죬ƺƵĳѹ£ͬʱҲС
ʱ׶һۻʵĴָǣǸо̫¡
һ̣𶯣Ťܡ
࣬ɣ
ԶڤʿеڤڰڤʿɭȻĿ죬񣬷ڿһʬ塣
ʱǵڰĵۻʼ֣ɱһ࣬׾٣
¡¡ģһ̶Ϣǿ
ڤڰ䣬һƬ䣬ԭΪ߲ʹâȴ룬Ȼطǰ챦ټ˹ʱѹµ֣ܣûҪɱ죬Ҫѹ졣
Ҫץס죬ȡ챦ѰδһƬƬ⳾ԱǸһ磬ҪһͳʮͬʱϣҲѰһһʲôľ
˵ͻȻڷ⳾࣬ڤòС
ѰЩǲ죬ضĨɱ
䣡
ڤĴ£ͷ
࣡
ԶʮڤʿһĻĺȺ𣬴ɭȻЦ
վڴ飬ʼպƽ
ֱһ̣ڤڰĴѹ£Ƕ֣һȭϡ
ȻĵۻʶԿ
Ϊܵסۻʵһƣ޴
ĵۻǰ岻϶
ЩЦ
һ̣˵һ죬ȭͷڤڰĴײһ𣬱ԣܵÿһռ䶼ûˣԿ
Ȼ壬ǣǸ࣬Ѿҽˡ
˵
ϻۻʵһ֮£һ࣬οֿܵס
ǱȻ£
ôȥˣӦ鳢̶
ʮڤʿɭȻ
ǰԽɢȥ¶ܱߵĳеѪƮС
ڤڰ̽ĴֱѳһѺۣѪˮ
վڴ棬
ô᣿
Զʮڤʿʱʧɫǵĵۻʼѹµѹ죬ȭͷײһȴȻˣ
⣬⡭þǻþ
Щ˲ԸţԽһĻ
Щ죬֪ܿ£ȴҲû뵽쾹Ȼһȭһۻʵڶǿߵֱ۸ҳѺۣеۻѪ¡
ϣڤڰԼѪ֣øɭȻ
õۻǿߣȻһ˵ˣ
ǳ裡
࣡
ٴζ֣һѹ¡
ղһƣֻûжȫʱȴǲһˣһѹ£ʮռѣһⱻ˳ˡ
һ£ȹɱСӣϽ
Ļû˵꣬Ƕץסβ֮ͣ˦ķΧ
Զš

漴ٴζ֣һȭӭϣǴ
ˣ
תۣȭٴײһʮռĸһƬƬ
һΣƾС
⡭
ô᣿
ܰ
Զʮڤʿһĵۻʼιɱ죬һαˣһαסȻκ졣
˦ķΧʱ̲סۣСӣеĻҪ̬ϣѾԺ͵ۻʵڶǿ߿ˣ



ͬմһڤڰȭܱߵĿռԳסȴ£һƬһƬķ飬һƬһƬ̮
ڤڰӱڲϸ죬ӸӱˣɱŨҡ
һ̣һֻҲ̽˳ȥն£ѹ졣
ƽ̧ͬһֻ֣һȭϡ
ˣ
תۼ䣬ȭٴײһ𣬱⡣
ڤڰĴ֣ɱȵ
ڤڰ˫֣ۻӿѿȭͷһһѹ¡
ʱ䣬ȵ񷣬һƬһƬռ䡣
޾壬ɫѪڣȭϣڤڰһδι
һĻʹԶʮڤʿ
ꡭȫסĵۻʣ
ôܣ
࡭
Щ˻̿֡


1208 ѹƵۻ
ʮڤʿ֣̿ǵĵۻ֣񣬾Ȼȫסˡ
⡭
Щ˶¡
ǰ¡¡𣬾˷
ڤڰϳ֣ۻ룬κˣ·죬Ҳ֪жٿռ䱻ķ飬һͣ
ϣƽȭ֮Ӳ֮µĵһһν¡
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ײƬռͬ޶ԵޱȵĴ̶
ԶʮڤʿȻķ֣ϣڤڰйµĴһƬƽû˿
һޱȿֲ֣
ǿѣֻҪ˶ͨ˲Ϳѹ£
ҧ
⻰һ˶ͷ
˻ͨͨʿǿս֣
ԣ
ֻҪ˶ͨС

ǰ㲻ʲô
Щ˸ա
Щ˵Ȼܲˬȴ΢΢һݡǺܿ£ܹۻɣǣսǿȾԲǹؼʤؼͨﵽһԵǿȡ
ȻǿȣûдﵽԶԶڤڰĳ̶ȡ
¡
ϣڤڰɭõۻǿߣȥôãȻûܹѹסһ࣡
죬ջ˫֣һΣһ̳ڴˮϣ졣
죬ޱȱ䣺˵νƬ磡
¡
ƽڤڰ
̬ڤڰһϵøŨ
һĵǿˣڤڡ
ѹ㣬Լ
ĵ
£һƹڳʱпµ֯졣
һ̣ڤڰĵۻʲԴѹ죬ʼ֮ͨڤѹ죬һֹӿǳˡ
ǳˣŵ͵ʹĲ񷶼Ϊ֮ɫ
ͨ
ͨˣ
࣬ص
ʮڤǿ߽Ц
Ҳݣۻǿ߶ͨɱɱȴǿˡ
¡¡ģڤڰͨѹ죬ɵ÷ڡ
ˮ˷Ĵ졣
УʼʹͨԵúƽֲ䡣
ڴϣӣڡ
໣
̼䣬ⷽʼ⣬д̶һͷԴ³ʮɳ쳹ʮӴβһɨֱӳڤġ
ǣ
򡭡˵
ôᣡ
Զʮڤǿ߸Ȼ
ǸղŻڳƶͨڤڰԵвֻбѹķݣڤڰǿͨȻգ۾ͱˡ
⡭
ۣһĻ
һۻʼͨȻ򵥵ľͱĥˡ
ڤڰҲǱɫݡĵۻʼȻһ߽ˣ
࣡
ͳ䣬ֱӶˣһǳѹȥ
ӳ֣죬۽֯ΪһڷǳǿͨڤŨ
ѹ㣬
ʱڡ
ڤڰâ
һۻʼǿߣܹõԷʥֱӿ׼۲Σпֱۻʾ硣
һȣܣڷ⡣
໣
ٴޱȴ̶
һΣʮͷÿһͷʮɳʮ
ʮͬʵһ㣬£ڤڰȥ

طոջֱָӱ鿪ˣֲ
ԦʮϣˣƵһˡ
תۣڤڰײһ
䣡
˵ĴײһκϯڤڰѹĴֱӱŵڤⱻ١
ɱ

䣬ٴһͷɵĴ졣漴һ̣ͷˣʮͷʮɵĴһɱڤڰմƺʱпܳ׻
ڤڰ֣ͨչԷǷףӭʮͷĴ
תۣײһ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫ڤڰ߽ͨ⣬һ顣
𣡡
ɵĴһβۻʵؿڡ
һڤĵۻʱɣֱӿɳһѪǿĵǲ㱻Ѻ۸˳
һĻ׾סһˡ
ôܣ
ʮڤʿľ
ϣˮϣһǱƵɳȥڤۻǰ
̧֣ûаĶֱӻȭѹϡ
ˣ
һȭ£󣬷ǳˡ
չأƿصͨǲԼƿصòΣΪҲ죬ϵۻʳڵǿҲһս֮ǰڤڰȻڵۻʵڶأȵۻʳڵǿǿ˲٣ǣطǡһǳĴ̰ΰʱڴϣԲĸǿǣ֮ս˿ڤۻʡ
һȭ£ȭͷգۼǳڤۻǰڶԷϡ
飡
ʵʵһȭڤڰֱӺɣһѪˮ
࣡
ŭ𣬿סΣñлҪֲ
ܼķӡڳ֯ڤϵ죬ƺҪǧ飬ᴩһѷ죬ն졣
ߣʮӭϣͬʱٴδ߶ڵ뵽ԼڣǿԼʵʹþתۼ漴һ̣һ֣ͬϵĽ콣âϸֶ
ն
Į
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Х̶ѹһС
ʱ䣬콣ĸǿһ̣콣⾡ԣѾ߱һ˿壬ʼһֱһУڤڰնڤȫ顣
ϣֽӡʱкĴɽӣҶݺѪɫѷһԻ֯ѹĲƺƵѹ¡

飡
ڤڰֱӱ㱻ɨˣѹ£ֱӽ֮顣
ˣ
Զڤʿ̲סеһĻˡ
Сӡ
ӲûɳۻʵڶصˣȻδĺɡ
໣
ʮڤڰ
ͬʱȡĴڵԼڣʵøǿ콣չѹڤڰĵۻ


1209 ͨʥ
ʮգܼ콣â죬һͷͷڤڰֱڤڰ֣ƺƵѹȥ˵תۼ串˷Բɿռ䡣
䣡
ռ𶯣漴̮ԵĹâ֯ʮ
ڤڰɣڿѪϵѺ۸ˣһ۵ը
ˣ
Զʮڤʿһ̲סгһĵۻʼǿߣһصȻһĵ飡
ɴ˫ۣ⡭
ǵ汻ʱսסˣ̲ס˿
һۻʼǿߣȻ㱻򱬣ʵ̫ˡ
չ꣬Сӵʵ̫ˡ

䣡
ǰڤ⽻֯ڤڰ۳ǣĿɭ
࣡
죬ɱŨǿ
һڤøӳң·Ҫȼ˰㣬ǳˡ
¡
һˣֱɱ죬иǿ֮ͨɳѹʮ
棬쿴ˣĸоһ˿ѹ
ıȴǲûʲô仯ûмɵ
ԵúƽˮУÿһ£ŵ׶ܼƽ֯ⷽӣȡⷽĴڵΰԼڣǿΪԼʵʹԼľȸ涼
չ꣬Ϊﵽ죬ƿصĸǿֻҪһЩϣɽȴ̵뼺ڣǿͬ㣬ֻܵһĽȥ򵥹ͬʱǿֶΪȵϵʵ
໣
̶һΣӶȭӰԻȭˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һͷɻ˴ͬԺڷɶ
ʱ䣬ѧĸͨһΪľ磬ʱԴԼڣ漴߶ȭƵЩˣֻȭƣʹܵղŤ󿦿鿪
¡
棬ڤڰʱɱ˹ԦͨɱĽǰ
⣬ڤͬ棬һС
ǰۻʹͬħǣѹһС
ɱǿƥ
Ŀ⵭Į˿޾壬һ𣬱ǿ
໣

ɻ˰գĺХ

תۣٴײһ
һʱ䣬Ƭռ䱬ԣâһС
飡
飡
飡
Уڤͨȭײڤڰ嵽һȭâӰʣⷽϾҵײֱһľκˡ
ռϣ縡һӡԻֹâݺķ
ѹֵϢӡ
ǵۻʼ棡



մ飬飬Ȼֱ顣
ڴײҲ֪˶ãԵ˳
΢Щģڤڰˡ
һ棬ƾС
΢ڤڰòϣۻʵڶصȷʵǿʵǲⷽǷѵֵס
ƫƫôһǷĴ
ⷽΪѹƶԷԴ
ŶԷƳӡ
໣
̶쳹񷡣
һΣͷһÿһͷʮɳÿһͷŴݿֱڤڰȥ
Щ߶ⷽڵζÿһͷ൱һڴͨǿ󣬽ɴݻ
ڤڰ֣˫һڤɱ⽻֯ǰ
͵ģһͷͷɢ
ʱڤڰĿǳϵϢǿ̫ܾ࣬ˡ
תۼ䣬ױ飬ڤۻٴζ֣ݻһУܵһУ·һھĺڶ㣬ֶ£пֲϢ
ǡɣ
˵ľǿ֮ͨһһУ
࣬
Զʮڤʿק˫ȭԵЩ˷ܣ漴ֶɭȻĶ졣
һߣҲǶݣȻоڤڰͨĿ¡
ˣ
ڶ죬漴ٷŴһգۼ佫ԴǧڵķΧȫ֣Ƭռ񷶼䰵ˡ
һӿİӿһɸʴڽ֯ˡ
챻УȻоⷽеĿ£ƺҪ궼ȥֻǣıȴûʲô仯ֽӡֳӭȥʱһɫͼԻ̼Ŵǧɵֱ
Եһͼӭ񷣬ͼתӡ֮ӿɫС
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫ɫ߽⣬
ͬʱͼҲƿܼѺۣʼ顣
ʱַ⣬ڶͼ֣ʹ۳ͼı֮ƶʱֹסɢ˸Ӿ˵Ϣ
˵İɣȻ
ô᣿
ܰ
Զʮڤǿ͵һ
ԭΪԽѹĥȻȴһĻ
ɣȻˣ
鵭Įڤڰ΢һ
ʱͼһֱӷɳڤۻʡ
ˣ
ɫͼƳգתڤڰǰ
ڤۻȻɫͼķǷӲӣˡ
Ҳʱ춯ˣǲչֻһαͳڤۻ
ڤۻʶʱݣʱٶ̫ˣǿȻһʱûܷӦֱԱߡ
ˣ
ƽֱӻȭȭȻѹ¡
һȭȵڤڰϣֱӽ֮ҵĺɡ
ͬʱŲһΣٴαƵǰһȭȥ
ˣ
ռ𶯣ֱӱƬ
ʱ䣬ǲ˵ھأֽطĴ׳ٶԱȼۻǿߡ
һڤڰٴΰһȭؿڱᴩٴκɡ
ˣ
ɫͼɢԣڤڰȥء
ͬһʱ䣬ŵھصǲգۼٴαƽ
ڤڰɭо⣬ŭ⣺㡭
⣡
ٽӡѹ£֮ǰ۳ͼϣתۼ۳ͼ͵ķͼŵͼ໥ӣɢ޾ԡ
ǣ
Զݡ
ͼĹɱʽϾƹʶǿһͿ
ڤڰһɫһ̣ͼ֣оڵĵᣬ궼Ҫѵףв

ҧͺȫ⣬𶯳ڤ⣬ͬյٳϷȥ
һʱ䣬ƬռֹסĲֹ
Ŀ⣬ͼһ𣬷ӡʮѹ
漴ٴνӡٶȿ켫ͼһһɫС
ɫһӾ˵Ƶ͹߶Ҫˡ


1210 ΰս
ɫһɫͼݻʼһֱǽڳޱȿµϢǧɵֱڤڰ֣ƺƵѹ¡
һֿµĹɱɫˣҲˡ

𣡡
ڤڰо˸вܵĿռ䶼ˡһ̴ڹڤӿ֣ɫڤ棬ҪջɫС
ߣѹ£ʢ
ʱɫбøӵĿ£ֱƬڤ棬ڤڰɵеڣ漴һըʲôûˡ
ۻʴˣ
Զʮڤʿ㤣ǵҰУڤڰĴˡ
Ҳǿ£ˣ
һۻʵڶصˣôնˣ
䣡
˵ĵӿ֣ɫըĵطѿһӰ˳
Ȼڤڰ
һ̣ۻʵڶǿ߻ȾѪϢ˥˲٣ԵúǱ
ԶʮڤʿһԼһĵۻʻš
ЩǲһĵۻȻ˵˵ز
ڴ棬ڤڰ΢˫ۣȴȡ
ǵۻʵڶǿߣȷʵɱڣŵãϾĵУ飬һʧ
ʱ⣬Ҫѹڤڰ¶ԷȻԶԷĵʥʱҲ׼ۼΡ
ڤڰƽɫƽһԷȥ
ڤڰĿ̹ǣһ࣬Ȼ˵ĵ⣬ȫǲԼС
䣡
죬ɭɭڤⷭӿͬɽ
һ̣ĵ⣬һģĻˣ˻ʮ
תۼ䣬һӰΧɢžĵۻ
ɵ
Զʮڤʿ˷ܵĶǰ
֪ڤڰͨĿ£һǧ޷ϣڤһһλۻʾ涼δѰڤڰҪǣݻĻÿһʵս

Ծǿȴȫֲһǻһ
࣡
쳹Ƭռ䣬ڤڰڣӰ˷ƴĲ񷶼Ϊ֮ƺһ̾Ҫ׹
䣡
䣡
䣡
ڤƵһ̣ڤڰݻӰʼ֣ԿʼӡƵһڵĴ֮ͨеͨɱ⣬ȫ׼졣
һ̣ವƿӰһˣȫɱȥ
ʱģմһѺۡ
һֲֿĹɱƣڤڰ˫һ򣬵ÿһӰʵſµսĨɱ׼׾٣ֲ˷ָ
ڴϣȻоڤڰĿ£ۻǿߵпԷƺӰʵ
ֻǣıȴǷǳƽûаһ̣΢΢˫ۡ
һĻʹԶʮڤʿһ㶣漴Ц
޿κ˰ɣ׼ˣ
СվУ
ȻУ̫ˣʷϵļأЩǿǽǱߵ磬һ·ʬǰУңһֻΪĿֻϧʱһȼս±ɵļıͨһͨסһͳʮˣ
ɱȥ壬һͳʮ죡
ɱȫ壬ɽȦΪūͣΪʳ˵Ѫζܲȫɱ⣬ٵһֲʳ
Щ˱ȣڵһҺͲɱЩڤʿǳݣ·һ㡣ңǿʼŲúһɱǱߵ磬ҪȦΪūͺʳ
䣡
ǰڤڤڰ˸ɱøŨҡ
Ӱһɱ죬Էֱʵֲˡ
վڴм䣬΢ŵ˫һƻ˫֮ͫϣضã·ǿӡȥһ㣬ƺԿ
ۣ
ʱչأ˫Ҳ޵˸ߵĲΣʱ˿
漴ˣڤۻӰһӰǰ
û˿ĶֱӻȭݺݻӰĸ
飡
һ촫ųƬѪҺӰĸֱӱᴩ
漴͵촫ⷽϣӰһһķ顣
ʱֻʣΨһһӰǱȭͷᴩǵӰ
Ӱڤڰ
⡭˵
ô᣿
˵˳ôܣһڵһλۻʾڶİôܿĳ
Զʮڤʿɫ䡣
һ̣Щһһξ뿴ʱ˫ۡ
⣬ǡ
۾
ǡͫͫ
Щ˲
ʱλ÷ǳԶֻʱ۾һĸооԼ˫۾ǰ͸һ㣬궼ʹ
Сӣ˫ƺˣ
ȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϣڤڰѪ˲ɵͨ漴Ҳע⵽˿̵˫ۣǿĵһ
㡭
ӭ˫ۣΪۻǿߣҲɵһ⡣
˫ۣһ
ȭͷᴩڤڰһ𣬻ȭ֮
ۣ
Ѫɽڤڰըǿĵķѡ
ˣ
Զʮڤʿ̲סг
ڸղţǻΪԼһĵۻǿɵͨ˷ܣΪصᱻѹ֮ͨ£ȴ룬ôһ֡
ϣʱƫͷʮڤʿ
ƻ֯˫ͫϣ⵭Į飬ʱЩ˺ݺһ
㣬㡭
ʮڤʿ־壬ŵŵɵĺˡ

۴³
ԭûдŹЩڤʿղţʮڤʿ˷ܵ۵ڤǿһߵϻɱ壬Ϊ֮ݣԺҪٴɱȥȦūΪʳܲϾԼࡣ
וּһܼâϸ֣ͬķ籩ʮڤʿնȥ
ʮڤʿӶݣϧȴӲˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
գ۶ѣʮȫն
ҲʱϷһ죬ڤڰ۳
࣬㳹׼ŭˣڤڰĵۻ̹ǣĵڽͬɽҪ緢νƬ磬ǱߵһĹ⾰ˣѰҲûʲôаʱ䣬ҵȽһ·ɱȥȻ޷ǰ֪ǱĹ⾰Ҳûϵǿʢһβǰ㣡һΣҪѹһУ


1211 ѹۻ
ڤڰĻʱݡ
ڤ壬һ·ɱǱȥһҵ·ͨһߣ
⡭
Ҳݣ¶ɫ
쿴ڤڰ·
㣿
ڤڰ䣬ϵϢգۼǿ
ıǳƽûʲô仯Ȼ֪ڤڰܻ·ʲôطֻʰˡ
䣡
˵ĵ֯Ƶ
ڤڰ죬Ŀ飬üڴʱ⣬һڤֶϣں˹Ϣ졣ңͬʱо˵ĵ֮ӿ֣һٲƺҪǳˡ
ʶ󣡴򣡡
Զݡ
ʶֲǳһ򣬸ʿľǿƣһۻʼǿͬʱչֶΣֻȻļ¡
ܿ£
¡
ط֪жôʱһˣԵЩˡ
ڤڰźϣһ졣
ĴΪڰʱڰ֮Ѳ£Ҫնںڰ֮С
ͬʱʶǿƥڤϯҪһжʴ
ֱӷ顣
СӣСģ
ѡ
ܸղѾνڤڰɴ󱬣չ˾˵սʱڤڰͬʱʶʹȴ̲סġ
ϣ˹ǰĺڷ
ӭűڤڰıƽΪԷʶʹɵͬһɰվԭأŵܼӿ֮ڡ
ΪĴڵעԼڣٴ׳
漴һ̣üǷڹԣһڰƮ˳
ʶ
ǰһɫӿֻͼʼһֱɢʥĹâͬسʱԭʼʥͼһ㣬ƺѹһС
ͬʱڣʵâӿԸ֪ʲôĴֻܲǿհĺ嫺͹󣬿ֻͼںһγǿĴֻͼ
ʱպ˵Ϣӿ˿ڤڰ
ڤڰݣȻоһչֳжǿɫøбɱӡ
ɱ
һ۴дʶʹһѹȥ
ϣܣʹֻͼһӭϡ
תۼ䣬ײһ
䣡
ڤֻͼӭϺڰֲâһʱ䵴



ƬҲ֪˶ٴΣ仯
һӡⷽϽ֯ò񷶼Ϊ֮ɫŨƻۡ
ͬҪһѹ¡
ֲˣ
ڤڰʶʹȶ߱Ҳǳ嵽һȭͷһδײһ
飡
飡
飡
ҵĺ𶯳գⷽϯһκˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͬʱɣԺݲ¡
ڤڰؿڴһǰ͸ѪϢ˲٣ʶʹδɢȥӱ䣬ͬԺڰڤ߳һ
䣡
һ̣ڵĵһαǿʢʶʹһѹϡ
ٴι죡
ѪȻ֧ⷽţȴЩˡıûʲô仯ӭٴɱڤڰϣϵͬ񽣰϶ֻͼų⡣
ͬţڤֻͼӭ϶Էĺڰ
ͬʱһ֧ⷽŵǰ£Ӷȭ
ˣ
һ촫ӰɻӰ֣볯ŶԷûȥ
ңŶԷͫһƹ˸ۿڤڰĺڰǲܿһɱ⣬תۼԷǰ
໣

ɻХӶȭȵڶԷؿڡ
۵һĿѪˮ½ڤڰᴩ
𣡡
ڤڰͬް𶯣һɺڰ۶ɵĴɱֶٶȿ쵽㣬ͬһ㣬ն졣
ӷ⣬𣬲׽۳ɱĹ켣ܿ漴ŵھصǲһһӰɲǼֳڶԷǰ
ˣ
߶ݻӣĴɽҶݺѪɫѷ;Ȫһһ֣ѹϰ˻֮ƽڤۻ֡
һڤڰĵۻʼһαĺɣܼѺۣ֧ʶʹ㵱ɢԶɳѪ
䣡
һϣۿ·ʹֻͼһѹϡ
ڤڰ˫ֻڤƺƵĳɱȥ
ۻʼ棬գۼ䣬ٴײһ
˵ĻϯطΪģһԵĹӿ
ͨ棬ۣˡ
֮£ۣһϷڤڰˡ
ˡ

ڤڰһ̣һڸ
ܹʮ㣬Ҳ֪ԺֲʶɣʼһֱɢױȵĿϢųҵĽâƵѹϰ˻ģء
ڤڰһиֳŭ𣬳࣡
һ̣ڤĵۻǿŭ㣬Ϊڱԭ챦ǰչʱȥ쾹챦ɱܣŭĲУֻоհһǶ㡣
ɱ
ʶʹԴ߶ޣǿɱɱ졣
ߣתⷽԴԴע뵽챦У챦ƺƵĳŶԷѹ¡
ͬʱʶʹֻͼȻҲһڹɱķ
䣡
ײһ졣
һ̣ڤڰֱӺ˳ȥ챦ѹ£֮ķѡ

ڤĵۻʴ𣬿ؾ۳ٴɱ죬ͷڷ
ŭķ
Ȼʱ̫ǿˣⷽͨԾޱȣ챦ɱڤڰױѹˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһδνڤڰαۻ壬ԵǱ

ڤĵۻǿߺХиֲĴӿ֣ɱ졣
㲻С
ƽ
˵һⷽռڣϺһƸ֣飬־Ž׷Իͬһ㣬챦ڤڰĸɱವĲƵϣֱӽ֮֮ϡ


1212 ڤʥ
ںڤڰսĵһʱ䣬ǰϵпӡƣҶǾŽ׳̶ȵƣڶʱڽסͨۻʵж
ҲгɹһϴﵽŽ׿ʦΣŽ׼ƣҲƿ˲٣սӽβʱЩ֮ǰпӡطϵķƣֱӽشڤڰڿС
ƣڤڰɫ־ŭĶ죺ʲôʱµģ
ǿ߻Ⲣʲô춯ص£ڤڰĵۻȵǣ쾹ȻںսĹУϢӡôķƣԴ˺֪ңƾܽ
ɲһˮ׼£Ҫۻʼˮ׼У
Ȼսп¡
첢ûıҪ
յ࣡
ڤڰŭŭڤӿøǿ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģϵľŽ׷ƻ죬ͬʵʵһ㣬Ȼܿͽ顣
Ҳʱߣһ˹ȥ
ˣ
챦ڤڰ𶯳ĵۻͬʱ˫ֽӡͼһʱ両ֶתۼ両أ໥ӣԷڡ
̼䣬ڤڰһֻоڵڤڷɿĿʼᡣ

ŭȫ޵ڤžת
ֻǣӡ̫ǿˣоŽ׷ƺ챦ǣƣڤĵۻʱתڵĵѹסˡ
ˣ
ȫʩΪǣⷽڵעͼ֮ڣͬʱ챦Ҳ߶ĸǿѹڤڰĶԷŭ
ģڤۻʵŭСˣĶʼ
ͼתⷽڵΪԴȪ׷ס˶Է
࣡ſ
ڤۻŭ
𡣡
Ц
ͼסڤۻ漴ü΢ʶʼӿ
ڤۻʼʱɫ䣬ȻӿŵʶʲôȻôʣȴԲµѰʶҵҪȥȻȴûãͼӡڤۻҲˣʱǿֻеܹ
ߣǿʶ͸üӿͬһ񽣣ûԷʶ
ڤڰĵۻʱһŭ࣡ȥ

˴𣬷ȴã챦ӡ
ʶʱڶԷʶУԵú֣أѰҶԷνġһ·ɱһ硱£Ϊµĸϵ̫شһҵһ·ߵǱ磬ԻʹǱߵңȻ֪£ȻҪŪֹȥֹȥ·ΪǱߵһȺҪˡ
һƱԴʶ˵ʶУĶԷʶлʲôµȷֹй¶ĶΪ˿һΪۻʼǿߣڤôҲܻȼʶȶ
ģȥ
ڤۻʺХıԴʶȻûʶ̽Ѱڤأޱȷŭ
ߣݺһȭڤۻʵĸ˼һѪˮֱӴӿʹöԷŭһʱֹסͣΡ
ҲʱһƱԴʶڶԷʶڣѰ˹ڡƬռǱһ·
ħ֮󡭡
лһĨâ
ڤڰᵽɱһ·ȻĴڣ
һڷ⳾λõĻħѰһƬĻشһۻһƶϣԴƬشٿռ̶ͨɱһȥռͨһѾھãа꼴ɳɹ
Ҫǰɱȥһͳʮū۳ȴڤ飬ڵסͨ壬һĵۻǾҪȫĨɱ
࣡
ڤڰŭȻ֪̽ѰأнҪ
Ӻ䣬ֱ̧֣һȭڶԷĶԷвͣӿѪ
꣬ڤǱ߻ҺͲɱ飬޾һУұһٵԵʱűǱļλǿ߷ӡסͨҲ֪ȥ˶ôƾõ£һӸɲģɴŹȥһ߻ҵ⣬һͳʮū⣬һĨɱǿ߷ӡסƬռͨһߵͨ¡
ܲˬ
Сӣô鵽ʲô
ʱ˹ʵ
˵⻰ʱ𾪣쾹ȻѹһۻʵڶĴڣ
һھһ·ͨһߵ磬ڷ⳾λõĻħ֮аʱܴͨ
¼򵥺˵˷
⡭
һ֮ǰڤڰصĵۻƲú󽫴һ·ɱһ磬뾹Ȼġ
ʵЩԾͬʱüΪʵڲһ£ǳ⡣
ڤɱһȥһ޴ĺڰң޾

ڤڰŭ
һ㱻ȡȥͬһͷŭʨӣ۾ˡ
ߣ챦ѹܣͼһ˸ûԷڡ

ĵ
ͼⷽǷڵĴ󲿷ĿûԷڣһҽԷĥֻһǡ
һߵۻʼ뵽У漴ʶ
˲䣬ջطһ±ƽ࣬ԵϢһɢȥҲǽǱóƽ
ߣȥƬɽλá
˵
ղţⷽǷսľģо˽ƬϢƬɽ
Ƚǵʬ
ʵ
ҡͷһƾâʱߵ֮á
˵ţкⷽɽȥһۼǿɵľ롣
ⷽ޴ɽУľһܾ꣬޴󣬸ơ
ȥѰҽƬͬʱʱһüͷ
ڤھͨǱ·£
ʵȻǿʱʱüͷ
ͷҡͷһ㡣
ţʲô˼
⡣
˸ǰǵõĹڤϢƬ⳾ڤ岻ֹڤ죬һڤʥֻһĵۻʼڲ֪ʥĴڡ˵ţ£ӵͳʥУʮŸޱƽ𾳵ǿߣҡ𼶴򣡡


1213 ʮ齣Ƭ
ʲô
Ļһ𣬵סˡ
ʮŸޱƽ𾳵ˣһ𼶴򣿣
⡭
죬һ𺳺Ͳš
ʮŸޱƽ𾳵ǿߣѾ㹻ˣţ֮⣬һ徹Ȼ𼶴ڣ
ȷ
졣
£̫ˣ
ɫĵͷǴڤڰĵۻʶãм١
̲ס΢⳾ڤ壬Ȼô£ʮŸޱƽ𾳵ˣ𼶴ڣʵԺɨһ˰
ţ뵽һ⣺Ȼһ𼶴ڣôֱƿǽʱӡͨⲻǱھµ·𡣡
ҡͷԹ򲻿
ڤڰʶ֪һǿ߳ԹƳͨķӡȴʧˣ޷ɹԲѡ·
⡭ȣǼǿߣ˲ðѪķӡ֮Ȼһǿ߶Ʋ
˵ţ¶ɫȵȣ֮ǰ¹ﲻǺܿʹͨϵķӡƬ⳾ߵ𼶴ȴȻ򲻿ķӡ˵ӦðȻƷһҪȴһƷ౶Ȼ𼶵¹ܴǱ߽ߵ𼶴ڣҲƿķӡһߵŶԣķѵʱЩɡ
дžȺͲ죬һ벻ͨı顣
Ҳ΢ɣôȷʵЩŹ֡
˶٣ҲŰɣӦñڤǿܶࡣ
ʱ뵽ĽͣҲֻˡ
ôܾûô򵥣ɣԹԵҡҡԴ뵽һ⣬˵ڤ𼶴ڶ򲻿ķӡǽƬ磬ܴ֮ͨ߻ȥ
û⣬ķӡߵһߵ磬¾Կ԰쵽

ȻҲڤ𼶴ھȻ򲻿ķӡţ¿϶ͬʱµһƬ⳾򣬲ܻᶪԻһȥֻҪǻϣֱӻһȥ
˵ţȲЩȥ
λнƬҪϽȡ
ҪȥЩ¡
߰ɡ
ͷҲٶˡ
£һһƬɽȥٶȺܿ죬ת۱ɡ
ƬɽΪƶɽɽܶ࣬һһľǸͦΡ
䣡
ǿǰ֣ʢͨ岼ëצӷޱȡ
ԵЩѪ죬ץȻһһ
Ρ

û˵ʲôֵԷѹצֱһ𣬽֮ɰɡ
ȥ;ޣȴʲô
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱһһߵƬɽλãĹľӳԣ͸ʣһɷǳŨڽ֯ƺİĲɣϢڿС
ҲʱʶУǱ߲ɫһе
жʱâӦˣ
ʱʶе춯һ߲ʹâȻǸӦµĽƬټȻ̫Ϥˡ
ߣ
˵кһԶ
ֹ֮ȥңƬɽһ޴󰼵ǰһͷӴΧ棬Կ׼ǿߣ̽צץ򰼵ڡ
ǰڣһȭͷС߲ʹԴ˸ͬԴ㡣
һţݣѾü߲ʹԴˡ漴ֵСӣͷҲڴ⡣ȥͷ׼ۼ̽צȥץȡ߲ʹԴ׼𶯡
ȡߡ

˵⻰ѾǶˣһͿ絽˰ǰ
ش׼ۼȻĵӱ˵Ϣ

һͷǵޣ˿̶³ôһ֣ϢԶ롣
ǰûʲô˵ģֱ̧֣һƳͷ׼ۼ޳ȥ
飡
һ죬ͷ׼ۼֱӱɣǧԶ
ȻˣûжԶԷֻ֣ʹȥ˶ѡ
վڰǰУȭͷС߲ʹԴ΢΢Ծ˸ڹԡ
̧֣еĽ˸ȭͷ߲ʹԴʱһ¡
漴һ̣߲ʹԴƮǰ³
ʲô
档
ѾѰֶܶˣܶΣҲܸоⶫǳǣǲ֪ʲô
ˣ
شȭͷС߲ʹԴͬԼʶ㣬ǰ΢΢Ƭ̣漴ֱӴûڣһ̱ǳʶС
߲֮ʹԴֱʶײԡ
ˣ
߲ʹԴҫ۵⡣
ȭͷС߲ʹԴֱ뵽֮ڣи߲ʹâ
ͬǰ㣬Щ߲ʹâд󲿷ֵӿʶƮÿһ䣬дž˵ܣ׳ʵ
ѾϤ±ת̫ľɿ⡣
ˣ
ʱϵϢʼڸŹɫ͸ͷȾһɫתǿࡣ
⡭Ҫף
Ծ
ʱϵϢڷɿӣȡ
شʱת̫ľȫĵȥڵ߲ʹâʹϵϢøǿһ㳯Ÿߴȥ
ˣת۱չȥ
պϵϢøǿˣɫĹâҫʮ
ңϽһɵӿȻǳȴޱȵĺ嫡
ˣ
â貣ڶĿ
ʱţһ۱չȥϵĵŨ˲٣һȶǿƺǴﵽһ͡
벽ۻʣ
Ա߲Զۡ
ڰشϵĽɫƽȴû
ԼʶУڿʶײǱ񽣣˿̿鲼ŵܼƣԭǰһ֣ʱ
ȫɢؼĽƬı־Щȫ

ʱ±ðʯʶһҲ
Ŀһ񽣣ˣʶصڣ˫ۡ
Сӣʹﵽ˰벽ۻʾҪ콾ʦ찡һۣǿֻ壿ֱǡ
ôᣬǾѾﵽ˰벽ۻʾۻʼѾûԶˣҪ˶þܿۻʲΣΪٶȣ̫ˡ


1214 ڤ
ٶʵ̫ˣᣬʹﵽ˰벽ۻʲΣʵ𺳡
۶죬Ŀࡣ
ӵվҵĸֻԵǳ࣬ҲܺáȭͷʱȻо˼Ѿﵽ˰벽ۻʲΣڵˣͬǹƺڷڣͬʱǣȣҲ˲СĽ
³һʹϢƽټ㡣
ۣ˸ָƽȥʲô߲ʹԴѾѰȥ¹ﻹǰɣȻһȥ
ҪƬ⳾صһȥ²С
ҡͷ¡
£ʲô£
⡣
ȥڤڰתһתıض٣ȥ֮ȫȡߡ

ڤڰ죬ڤһҪôƾõ£ıԶľˡ
һȷʵڤڰڣԻ᲻٣ǻһļղҪʮһڳأ
뵽˫۷Ź⣬ߴߣȥڤڰѾɱڣǿҲ׼۾ѣ쵱ǰʵȫֱӴȥڤڰ죬ûκ˿ԵסǿػɱҲУΪ챾һﵽ˾ŽײεĿʦ
ôȥʹע⵽һڸ֣̫鷳
ҡͷ
ȷʵǡͷǣǱнȥ
Ҳáҡͷֱ߽ȥС
һ㶣ֱ߽ȥǲǴȥ𡣡
ҪǺڵڤڰߣضᱻ֣ڤսֱӻ׼ǣǸʱ򣬲һǵôȥ
ģһġ

˵ţ챦еڤڰĵȡ
һҵı룬ֱ߽ȥ
˵
ԲۣһУ
Сӣգ
۵ʱ֮ǰΪʲôûڵһʱڤڰĵۻԭڴ⣡һ룬֮һߵǾٲȻڤڰġȷʵǿԴҡڵڤڰ죬ڤڰڵڤǿߣϹϾĽ֮ӭȥ
漴ǿԺͲĽڤڰ۵ıȫȡߡ
ôţеĹŨЩ
ǣϽ
ߴ
ͷüķ⣬һƱԴɳڤڰڡ
漴һ̣ߵ˫ۣ貵âһţҽ֯һɷǳ˵ĵܡ
ˡ
ߵۻڴ
һƱԴƿߵۻʬ׼漴Լıһ뵽챦֮ڣֽ뵽ߵۻ֮ڡ
ƿڤۻʵڤڰķֱڿգ
֮ûйȥãһ嫵سҰУԿһֺĹҲ֪˶꣬ԶԶȥܸоһʮֺصϢ·Ǵʱ䳤㣬һַǳ𺳵ĸо
Ԧߵۻڤڰ⣬ûֱͣն롣
ڣߵڤڰҪκιء
ûκڤڰ죬ƽĳȥ
УһĻȻǱڤڰڵһڤʿһԭعŲд
ˣ
һڤʿߺ
ʱЩڤʿԦߵǵ
ûЩûпݵһڤʿֱӳƬ嫵صλȥûñǰ
ȥڤڰλãһǺΰԸʯɣǶзǳĽ񣬸һֽ̻Ի͵ĸо
ˣ
ߵӰƬλõһϽڳд
ˣǸ࣬
һСʵΪڰĵһ׼ۣѾޱƽۻʾ
ԱߣҲ׼۾һģ
ߣ
һƱԴԦڤڰߣ챦ʱͷ֯ž˵ĵ漴ֿʧ
ĮɨˣƬλõһϵĹȥ
ԦߵڤڰˣҪȥ⼸ڤ׼ȥʲô㹻ĮõģǲӦе̬
ңչһ㹻߸ڤ׼ۡ򡱳ܶˡ
ƹ߸ڤ׼ۣһαûƬλϵĹڡ
߸ڤ׼۽ڲϹдһԵսս
졭˲ˡ
㱻Ū׼ۼͳ˧ôˣ
ö˻
߸ڤ׼ۣ̲ס亹
ǣǸأ
һ׼ʵ
׳Գأ챦ǸĽֻҪʣҲ֪ǱѹѳжȻֱնˣ
ǿǸ׼۵

ƬλϵĹڣһƱԴԦڤڰУûʲôڣֱӳĳһȥ
úһȾ޴ʯǰϿӡƣ֯ŷǷϢ
ǰȾ޴ʯƿУ漴ִｫʯŸϡ
һ̣챦֣ıһп˳
ˣڤڰĲر⣡

һƱԴԦڤڰĵʬȻһжָơ
ţô죿ѾڤڰĲر⣿
Ծ
ƺŽûð͵ڤڰĲرˣ
ˡ
ͷ
һƱԴƿڤڰĵʬھ޴ʯűԵ峯ǰ߳һʯҡ
ȥʯҷǳԹжٸƽ˸䣬ڷ챦Ȼ龧龧кɭɭɱʥΪǿ󱦵ŲٵҩֱӦоС
⣬⡭
۾ֱˡ
һʾӨɵ֥ǿ߶Զǳ䱦ڤˣڰ벽ۻʾµ˷ʳٿֱһС̨׵Ϊһ󴸣֯ڤ⣬鲼ӡȻһ׼챦һڵĽ飬ȭͷСΪ˵кǶ챦ɲġһ޴龧ǧأֱӾֵܼǧͨ龧
⣬ȴֻⷽڵһѣ䣬иı
ˣ
ֱ£ˮû
ľǿ죬ʱҲ𺳲ѣǰһĻסˡ
ô챦Ƕôƾµۻ


1215 ׼۲
ȷʵǾסˣⷽ޴ʯڵıʵ̫ˣһۿȥۻңȻﵽ˰벽ۻʲΣľΪޱȣҲЩ
ʥ
龧ԡڽΪλ
ı಻ʤ
ҩǷ
ģԺϡ
ɨУֱӴӰ벽ۻʾ׼۲εͨʥ
¶â˸ƽ
˷˷ˣķˣˮ˵СӣϽȫװȻ󳷣ĶǵΪתۼ
ͷʼȡⷽʯڵбܿȡϡ
ȡĹУŴµӡУʥһʮǧڣȸǶ಻ʤ龧ͨ龧ۣʮڽңҩҲʮ꣬ǧϣмɴﵽĹЧڸĵȺΪҲǲ١
ͬʱУҵ˲ٹžǷǷеۼͨ
ˡ
һʱⷽʯұգװʮ޴Ŀռ䷨
ЩǲתۼΪصһߵ󣬸ǿڶʱھͿһʥأһеĵ̵ԴӦоУ
˫۷Ź⡣
һƾâһʥ𣬻һԡ
һк׼뿪
ʯűߣһƱԴڤڰĵʱ˹챦ıһڣȻҲ
Ԧߵƿʯţܿ뿪Ϲڰȥ
ƽϣһҲ
ϾڼԦ壬ڤڰĵۻ
ˣ
ڤڰڣڤʿдΰݣϵıޱء
ͬһʱ䣬ⷽصλã߸׼ۼǿ֣߳ҲңңĹ͡
ôջãֳȥˣ
Ӧǻ׼ЩȻȥĵһ죬ǿۻֹڴƬռǸС¡
ˣ
߸׼С

Ԧڤڰĵƽٶȴܿ߳ڤڰķΧǼѾ֮⡣ٶ˼֣ûñǳԶڤڰ죬Ȼ߽һĺĴɽС
ⷽɽѰһǳεɽӡ¾žŰʮһƣɽϢȡ챦Լıų
Сӣ߳ڤڰˣ
ʵ
һ۲֪ˡ
챾
ܣŷ֣Ѿһİɽ
Ȼô򵥾ͽڤڰڻ޾µıȡ˳ǡһ˷ܣ̲סԦƬصĵУȡʯڵлֶۣΣõֱ̫ˣ
ʲô̫գ᲻˵
ɡ
˵
˵ţһԦڤʬһ߻Լһϥ¡
һΣȡһöԼȭͷСͨ챦⣬Ȼͨʥʹ벽ۻʾڶʱڿ뵽׼ۼΣޱϡ
٣
Цȡһʽ֥֯Ϊ˵еɵ֥һʳôڰ벽ۻµˣһС̨׵Ϊ
үʼˣ
Цһھͽɵ֥ҧ£ֱתž
ʱ䣬⣬⾶ֱڶĿ̲סĺ
бһۣת̫ľľһ̶Ⱥ󣬷ǻͨʥ
ɲǼ䣬оһůԼÿһ䣬˵
֪ͨʥЧûд⣬̫ľתĸ졣
ˣ
ʼת̫ľϵϢʱ俪ʼĽɫҵ貣һ̫ⷽɽԣÿһ䡣
ۣⷽɽڣ̫ľתĸ죬֯Ľɫ⽥ŨͨʥʹֵĽѪ⣬Ǻʶڣǽ뵽֮Уת۱ǱѪ⾭Ǻʶա
һʱ䣬Ľɫǿʢٶȸ죬Ϊһ
ͬʱһߣתžɺɵ֥ľϢһٶϳ塣
ˣ
⣬ɫƬ̼ǿʢɿͨʥľ
תۣչȥ
պһ죬ɢϢʼ΢ǿսʯ
ԿʱʼھŴ壬׼۾ȥ
׼۲ΣǵھŴʯ𡣡
£ܸоʱɵ
ɱ˫ۣ󣬵Լ񣬵Ŀٵıð
󣬽ģĽɫתۼȫ㣬ϵϢǱԽԽ΢Ĳֿʼʯ˫ȵţŵ˫֣ȻٵȻͷ­գ嶼Ǳ˻Ұʯʡ
һʱ䣬Ϣȫʧⷽؼ䳹һ㡣
ܿ죬ʯ¹ȥ

һ죬һͬմĴʯ忪ʼѺۣͬ֩һ㳯ӣתۼ鲼ʯʯʼѣԼȥʮǳ鿪һ谵ʯ׹ڵϣ¶ڵһµǣ伡һƬӨɵİ㣬֯ԡ
µԻһ绡ܽ֯͵졣
ʣǿǳ
Ҳʱ˫ۣУâһš
׼۾

ȭͷо˸ǿھŴǱøǿ˼֣оԲȵۻ۷˲ͬʱڵӺˣ˷Ծʽۺս˲٣ˣãԸɱۻʵһصˡ

ʱһ촫
Ա߲Զ֪ʲôʱȻУʱɣ廯ʯ䣬ԻתԣԵøǿˡ
ˬ
е
ʱﵽΣʵࡣ
쿴û˵ʲô۹Լ׼۾硣
죬ЦҲʼΪ
漴һۣʱȥ
һ죬һһȺ½ΪǵõȺͣʯ̡
죬˸Сӣ׼۾˰죬Ǳߵڤڰĵ˵ʥֱߵʬɣΪߵۻʬӦܰٷ֮ٿۻʾ
쿴Ǿڤʬлһ΢⣺ʱá


1216 챦߱ɹ
ã
Ļ棬컹Ҫڤڰĵʲô
á
ͷȻ΢Σ֮ǰõʯȡ漴۷ʥ߱ɹҲ˳
ǰһȡ⼸ȻҪ߱ɹΪ챦
̣ɲ򵥣ܺķѾʱ䡣
˵
֪
ͷ
챦Ķǳѣ۷ʥΪ챦Ҳһܼѡ
ҲһڿԶ빥ɱ챦ս
һ̫ľת£ʮﵽǿ״̬
߱ɹƣʯ߱ɹ֮ϣӿɢһƵĴâ߱ɹ忿£
ｫ߱ɹΪ챦Ҫ߱ɹ֮ڣһһ֮ĵڶҪڻʥڣʹ߻͹ҵǿȣǣؼĴ֮ӳֹ幭ҡ
֮󣬵ҲΪҪһԼ꣬Ϊݻ
ɣ㳹ɣ۷ʥ߱ɹ㳹ݻ챦
ˣ
ת̫ľɫӿʯ߱ɹ
迴ȥûʲôӵģʵȴǳѣֻǵһͲһ˿Ϊǳ֮׼챦ļֵҪߣҪ뵽һʥУѶȿɲСͬʱַ߱ǳ̣ҪڽʥٽڻǾ͸ˣȵһʮ
һݻ꣬ǲö˵ȵڶҲҪʮҡ
룡
žâ³һ֣һȦҵڵ
дǿ׼ۼĵۻʼǿˣʼһֱĿռҡ뵽ʥ߱ɹڡ
ڶ

ʥͫһƻ֣ʱۡ
˫۶߱ɹһжܿķǳеʯ漴˫ֻĽӡɫǿһ𶯣ûʥ֮ڣŽʯס
Щסʯۿʼ
ƹ貣͵ԴԴϵעʥ֮ڡ
ˣʱɿš
תۼ䣬µʱȥ
ʱ䣬춼͵ڻʥڵʯ;龧һʹ߳ڻһǿѹӿֱӴ߱ɹɢ˳ɽС
Ȼڵĵ
ݡ
¡
ⷽɽУ𶯣߱ɹҲ𶯣ӿԽԽǿ
ۣɫĶ߱ɹڣרע
ڣ
³һ֣еƹŨЩ߱ɹڣһоԿɼ
עʥ֮ڣ֮׽ʯڻγɵĹܺȻӣ׼ȷǣǣƮ߱ɹڵÿһ䣬ʹЩȻӷɿĺ߱ɹںϣ߱ɹ
ʱһ߱ɹ⣬ɢĵʼ
ȵԭʯ̣ʱǣڻʯ֮߱ɹںϣȵҲǽ빭幭ڡ
ˣ
һʱ䣬߱ɹɿ
쾲ʼձǣʯõ߱ɹںϡ漴ģ߱ɹεںϣʥɹϣиԻȻǵۻʼȻƣǿǳ
ңͬһʱ䣬߱ɹԭ߱ʥ仯ԽԽ֯ҲԽԽǿϸϸһȻڳŵתٶȺܿ졣
ʯܴʥƽ
Ծ
һ˿ɫܿƽĶ߱ɹ
ʼۣΪ˫ۿԿ߱ɹڵƵתϣʹʥ߱ɹѸٸȷĳ챦
ˣ
߱ɹ𶯣˵⣬Ũ
һ̣ϴⷽɽУվʼһ顣
ңɽڸҡƺһ̾Ҫ
ϵһĻϾʥڳ챦УȻпµӰϵԴˣŲæ챦ǿӿסⷽɽʹɽڵĿռޱȹ
ˣ
ģ߱ɹǿĹâɢǿĵһڲǿС
ˣһۣ¹ȥ
϶죬ʱ龧ʹʯ׺߱ɹںϣޱȾ˵ĵӿҪǿ


ʵϣڶɵʱ߱ɹѾʥķ룬һ챦ˣ٣ϾԴﵽˡҪУΪǿԽһ߱ɹҿ߱ɹ֮߱ɱ
ˣ
Լֱ꣬û߱ɹڣԼΪ֮ݻꡣ
û߱ɹǣ߱ɹڵĵƾݻ
ˣתۼ䣬¹ȥ
ºһ죬һͺ߱ɹڴʮⷽɽȻ챦ػҲݺݵҡһ£һʯһƬƬɳ¡


µݻʱ߱ɹڣԻ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģ߱ɹɢϢøǿ
дžâݡ
ˣһ¹ȥ߱ɹڣɣһХﵴ
ХһۻںХǿưԵ£󽥽
ˣ

оâ㣬۱պϣƽռӡ
һ̣߱ɹתΪ챦Ưͷ֯Ľɫâ
Ưͷ鲼ƣȥǳƽͣϸϸȴǿԸоһɷǳ˵
ԿƷε챦ˣܻǿһЩ
ۡ
ķһʱ죬Ȼǿ⡣

ʱ㲻ȥ飬Ҳ֪߱ɹжǿԶ
̧ͷѾ챦߱ɹ΢߱ɹֱûʶ
߲ʹԴѰˣڤڰڵбȡ˳߱ɹҲѾΪ챦ȥ¹˰ɣҵǺǻһȥ
˵
ҡͷһҪ
ʲô£
⡣
ȥħ󣬻ٵڤھͨһ·

ڤܿ£һ彫·ڳɹ뵽һߵ磬ǶǱ޾˵Իһڰ֪ж
Ȼ֪·Ĵڣ֪·֪·ڿУȻ߾ȫȥٵϾҪˡӺѣһߵ磬ɲ˲бڤܵһߵȥҡ


1217 ڵۻ
ʲôҪȥڤڿڵ·
ۡ
ڤ忪ͨһĹ·Ǹط붼֪ǳΣգ̶Ѩ쾹ȻҪȥٵڤڿڵ·̫ðˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôģзִ磬ϲ⡣
˵ţԶڤڰĵʬ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥһ㶣漴ȻвɵûһĨ⡣
ߵʬȥڤڰʱǰ㣿
һ¾Ͳµڴʲô⡣
ͷȷʵˡ
ߵʬûʥ֮ҲԦߵʬħȥڤڿڵ·Ȼ󣬰н·ٵ
ⷽ
ʱͷ֮ǰĵǵ˴룬Ͼһߵʬ󣬱ǡڤۻʡݽΣϵήͬʱнл·Ḷ́Ҳ˳ࡣϾڤɲͶšԼˡ
ھȥ
ʵ
ҡͷʱЩ׼
һڤڰĵӶħȥлٵ·ǲʲôģǻ˳ǣΪԷһҪȫ׼ϾǸطܲһ㣬ȷʵһΣ֮ء
׼ʲô׼
档
̧ͷⷽɽ۲񷣬Ϊһء
³һ̫ľתΪ챦߱ɱķѵľʱʼָ֮󣬱Ǵﵽʱ۷״̬
漴΢Σȡ걦ǽ֯ڹâһͷǳ
ۣ꣡ɶʿֱӴӰ벽ۻʾ׼۲εͨʥ࣬ǡ˵ţ˫۵ɵĸ˼֣㲻Ҫֱۻʾΰɣ
ࡣ

꣬ЩȻڤڰڵأʱȡ䣬ȷʵۻʾڳ壬Ȼȥ
ϴͻƣʱһ꣬ҲԼ졣

˵ţûгɣֱӿʼͻ
ʱ˵ƮⷽУԴԴϵĽڡ
һĻ˵ۣ漴Ҳһߣȡһ
ؽ

ڤڰۻľˣ챦֮ȡ̫࣬ʱʼȡΪһɹϵϢʱʼ
һߣͻнɫ͸
ˣ
ת̫ľ䣬ϵϢٴ
һʱ䣬ĽɫøŨң̫ҫܡ
ˣʱһΣ¹ȥ
ºһ죬һǿʢⷽɽڳɹﵽ죬һñ֮ǰǿᡣ
ˬ
Ц
˵ţԱߣɴУâڣϢС
泯ŵۻʾȥİ
ֹ
ԱߣĽâŨ֮ǰ˲١
ıԵúܰת̫ľΪҲһ
һ߿ţ˶ٺ󣬿ʼԼĵǰľ硣
תۣ¹ȥ
ˣ
һ죬һһɿֲʼƵһը졣
һѹֵϢǵض£潫Ҫ׹˲־塣
ͬʱɽУĽâֱɢȥһʱͣϵѹϢ˲ϢʧӰ٣תۻָ֮ǰģ
˫ۣоâտտϢ࣬ͬʱͷ亹¡
ңңҡԱߣ׶죺ǡĵۻʽ٣оүҪİޱƽ𾳵ҲõסһϢ䣬ѹֵϢ׹䣬ڵһʱ֪ۻʾ٣ָоֲ̫ˣֻһʼѣ궼飬شڲ
Ԥϡ

ķʱ׼۲αۻʾΣһʱۻʽѣȻܡܡġΣɲ١ͬʱһȻԤ֮УۻʾɲǼ˻ǿнľѹȥʹֹ
һϢֱֹȥʮ󷽲ƽ
Ҳ̫ƽ˰ɣҪôȥȹĻģ
ۡ
ûôأڤڰıУһöڶʱʱʮսصȻºиãһὫ֮һĸý͡˵ţһּȡһöʱȡһ౦Ϊҩҩı¯Ȼûйɱҩһ;ȴѵõر
öʱΪ񵤣֮Ͷඦֱתҩͬʱ߶ɫĴף֮ö񵤽и졣ΪƷҩʦƿҩںķһҵʱ󣬽֮ϡ
ˡ
ʹúĸãֻǻʱúƣ
˫۷Ź⣺ⱦֻһö
һöͺܾˣϾʮս

ֵºӵվ
ߡ
к߳طɽ
ɽǳƬ֣ľҪɽںϲ١
ֱȥǷħ󣿡
ʵ
ͷԡ
ɨĵ˵û뵽Ȼðȥ£үⰡ
ôҲ࣬Ǳߵһͳʮ壬ҼȻ֪ˣȻͲӲҪǣǱߵ磬Ҫ˺ܶࡣ

ͷȻס
ʵϣҲҪڤ뵽һߵ磬ʮԻң˲
߰ɡ

챦ֽԼıУԼһڤڰĵ֮ڣһǧɣƬ⳾λÿٶȥ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
һ죬Ԧڤڰĵʬһɫ⣬ȥϺ˹һޱѹֵϢ·ⷽ̾һ
ħ

ʱŻħһξ룬طзųСĵ⸽Ҹλ漴һԦڤڰĵŻħȥɴС
¡
ħϣ˷ʱܳǧɸߣˣպ
Ԧڤڰĵⷽħ֮Уתۿɡ
Ԥϣⷽħȴ⣬ûرĵطźУһͷСһ޶


1218 ݰ¶
ħȥɺĸֲ̫

ⷽ󣬳˺⣬ûʲôΣգ͡ҡ֣ʵǲôմߡ
ȻС⣬źУⷽħȥ
ⷽǳںϣٶȷǳ죬ȴֱȥղŽⷽߵͷħ֮
ȥĿһƬԻǵĵشûɽûвľûɳʯʲôûУֻһֳĿտС
Եúƽһڤڰĵߵʬɢڤеڤǰȥ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿߴӰ˲ǰۻ룬
ڤۻʡ
֡
һ˿ڵ
֣Ȼڤڰ֡
һڤڰĵʬУڤۻʵ˵ͷ
֮ǰѰڤڰʶ֪ǰˣЩʼطֱΪĳкĺʯǴڵۻʵڶΡ
УҲƵȲɱһߵˣ

Ͼֵϵɱ뵽Ǳߣ󱻱СƺΪλӢ۵ĺλӢ۵ѪҺȻһɱȥǱѪˮΪѩޡ
ĳк
ĺʯ䣬Ĺ⣺һβض塣
һڤڰĵǰڤۻʵĻԭڤڰֱϵϣһڤεĵۻʣǱ߻ҹһǿ߲ʮɱ󣬸ɱһĴɽС
Ҫһȥ
ƿߵȻڤڰһģһķѲ˵仰һӦǰڤۻʣȷʵҪһߵȥǱߣҪˡ
˶ˣ·ĿڣԤеҪϲ١
ĳк
Աߣ˵ͷЦѪƺѾ˿һѪɱĳ
ƿڤڰĵˡ
Ȼ֪ѯʣһ˵߰ɣǰȥ·֪ˡ
Ԧڤڰĵˣ߹һƬƬ֮أú󿴵һƬӰڤʿΪ͵ĶǴ澳Ρ
Щڤʿû⣬Ϊڤڰʶ֪Щڤʿ︺·ڤʿңһЩﵽǰ벽ۻʵϾõۻڹ·
ȻЩ󣬲ٳȥ·ϣңЩڿڵĹУҲûб֪·ͨԣ֪ڿеĹ·ͨķˣֻһۻϵˡ
ħ֮ĸ˸ڤʿæµһƬشܵŻ⣬ǳˡ
ƶĿȥֻشУһߴŻţŻǻشŻ֮ԭĻƺǱƻˣڳһռͨԲΣֱԼңͬɽ俪һ㡣
磬ڿռ䣬ͨڤڿڵͨһߵ·

ǰĿռͨвɵý֯â
ڤ壬ͨ·ȥһҺͲɱҪһͳʮū۳ȴڤࡣ
Ұļ
Һܲб
ȥ濴·Ϳɹˡ
ĳк
żռͨ˻⣬һ˺ѳܵˡ
ǰУӦռͨĹģͬʱֱ󣬲УͨеĿռϿӡɱƣһƵӡռ֮ͨϡ
Ϊǿ֮ǰչأˮ׼Ѿﵽ˾Ž׿ʦΣɱƵƿѾﵽɣƴ󼫣ӡԶҲ࣬Զûǰѡ
ʱڤڰߵӡɱƣȫܿĳкڤۻʵĸ֪
һռͨǰУһ߿ӡɱƣҲ֪˶ãߵռͨľͷǰвڤǿæµƻĻ硣
ڤڰĳкڤۻʣЩڤǿ߸дΰݣǳ
ȳȥ
ĳкЩڤʿ˵
ǣ
ЩڤʿȻҳɣٴٶȳͨ
ֱȺڤʿ뿪ռͨĳкٴοڣڤڰΪǿû֪ҵȵۻʾΪȴѾһϢˣ֣ио
춢ǰһƬ磬ڿ֮УԸ򣬶ʱݡ
⳾ڤʿԣһߵ磬ǶǱϢΪʱӦȷȷʵʵӦһϢ
оˣ
ͳȻǺڤڰһģһ
յǰΣʱ䣬Ǿܳ·


ĺʯ
ĺһڤڰļ򣬵֣ܿɱһˣһͳʮȻǱ࣡
˵⻰ЦͬʱҲһѪĹ⡣
쿴˵Ļ˴ʱĿͬҲǺ䡣
ٵȼֱ꣡ӹȥʹɱ
ĺЦ
ʱеɫڤۻʿһ࣬ɱȥ¾塣ȫûȥ룬ʵ
գڤۻʿռͨ漴ͨȥ
УʼձаԿ̻ɱơ
ܿ죬߳ռͨĺеڤۻʸ
ͨһĿռͨڣѾɱƣУ뿪һʱ佫֮ǧɱݺᣬԻٵͨ
׼ɱһߣ
ĺж˵
һڤڰĵڣͷħһ߶ȥ
ʱ𶯣һӰӻħһ߶ɢϢޱȾˣڤԶԶһĵۻʿȣգۼطһޱƽ𾳲εˣоȥͬһȼŵĻ¯

ĳкһæǰɫܹ
жݣż
ڤνȻޱƽ𾳲εˣˡ߾аۻҪǿ󼸷֣
а
ڤߴ󣬽ɢϢޱˣɨطĳк
ֹ֣ˡǿĿƿŵڤڰϣȻڤڰϤǰ˼һ̣ǿڤŲһ٣ֱĿĺ⣺㲻֣


1219 ۽ٽ
ʲô
ڤĻĳкһڤǿ߽Աɫ
֣ô᣿죺⡭ȷʵ֣ϢһİǵۻʼǿߣҺڤڰֺϤܹĸоǰ֣ϢȫϣԲʲô仯
ûİ
ĺʯҲڡ
ڤǿ߶ǿĵۻʼɨӶûзκһ˿쳣
ûִˣ¼Σ
ǰ
ȷʵִ˵Ϣм١
طڤʿ￪ͨһĹ·ʱڤڤĻ˵Ŀⶼһƿصڤڰϣһ˿һ١
ˣ˵ʲôְ
Ҳڣƿڤڰ巢
ڤǸߴ࣬ɢϢǳˣĿͬ쵶䡣
ƭǣƭң
˶죬ǳ
˵ţڤ˸һɰӿֱӳϯȥ
ûԥֱӺˣǲܣʮԶ
϶
һβģڤڰԼ
ԼѾױ¶ǰޱƾ𾳽ǿߡ
⡭
ֵ
Ĳ֣
ĳк˱ɫ
һڤʿҲ¶ɫ
Ѿ¶ʱȻֱͣ뿪Żħһ߶ȥ
ĳкˣǲô⣬Ǹޱƽ𾳵ڤȴЩ£ȥȲεˣԲǶ֡
ߣ
ڤߣһ˹ȥ£ֳ̧ץȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ĳкĺʯҲ֣صڤӡʹطرǸֳڤƣֱӷܡ
ߣ
˵ͺ
ʱȻ֪ǰ˲ڤڰ֮ƣɫܲÿǿǣȻƭˣûв֡
ʩչھصǲǿܿڤһƣǺǧɶԶ
¶
ĺʯ죬ڤӡֱѹ£ķ
ͬʱĳкҲڶ֣ڤǳˡ
ڤǿֲپһ쫷磬쫷ôһ˿ʹԦŵڤڰĵѺۣЩ
תۼѣԦڤڰĵڼƵһ

ڤĿȻѾڤڰռˡ
Ԧڤڰĵڤܸо޴ѹȴû˿ηͼɵı顣
ˣ
Ʈâ˸ֱ߳ڤˣǳƽ
һʱ䣬ڤ˽Աɫ
࣡
ڤͫһ
࣬Ȼ磿
ô᣿
ǡִô£
طһڤʿ죬漴Ŀڤڰĵۻϣ¶ݡ
߳ɫƽһûڤڰڵһƱԴ˳Լڣ챦ڤڰĵС
ʱڤһǿǱɫ
ֵ챦ֵ㽫֡
ôܣ
ɱ֣챦
ĳкĺʯ˽Ǳɫ
˶ޱ֮ˣʱȻ˳Ƕȡڤڰһط
ʲô
طһڤʿ𺳣ڤڰǡɱˣ
ѹҵûвԭɱ֣ʵôĵӣĳкɭ˵ʲôֶκ֣ѾΪֻ׼۲ζѣΪǿԼɱڤڰ׼ҪһսɱۻʣͲܡ
⻰һطһڤʿɭĿø
࣬Աֶΰִˣ
ˣλۻʣһҪ֮ʬΣ
Ɒ΢࣬ó
Щڤʿ죬Ŀ
һ׼ۼ࣬ȻϢƬ磬ɱһۻȡԷ챦Ȼܵ
δǱ뵽ģ˵
ڤʵ
²¿

̬ڤУʹڤø
һ׼ۼ࣬ȻҺޱƽ𾳲ε˵
Ǿò˵ʲôˣѹ󣬱Լ
ĵ
ܹоϵĿϢȴη塣
㲻ǣѹҡ
ƽ
Բѣ׼϶Ҳǰ˵Ļ
ĳк
ڤǾֱǰȥҪѹ졣
ΪԶˣ
ɺƽ
ʮʥ⣬ҵڴˣ٣һֻ׼ۼϣȻһƽı飡ģãܰȻ뿪
ĺʯ
Ӳˣ֮أ
һ˵
ƽûаǻʧġ
£ѹԼľ磬ӿʼֱӳۻ
һʱ䣬ϵĵڽתۼѣĵޱŨһۻѹӿ嫾ˣĳкǿĶĶࡣ
ʹĳкڤۻʵһڤҲЩ⣬һȺͨڤʿǸ¶֮ɫ
ǣۻʣ
ֱӿ˵ۻʲΣ
ԭ׼ۣ⡭
һͨڤʿ𺳡
ڤ죬ԸоɢĴĲһĵۻǿ߶Ҫǿȴ⣬е˿⣬ֱɢȥ
׼۲νۻʾΣΪ޴
ڤ䣬ζˣȥ
ޱƽ𾳵ĴڣǵۻʾҲ벻ķۣοǸոۻʾ죿
΢¶һĨϷʣᵹѪùġ
£ʱ䣬Ƭ͵һһѹֵϢǵض£ͬ񷽫Ҫ׹
䣡
һͻأը죬˵ĻµضŶ
ĺʯڤۻʸһһڤʿо֣Ǹڤ˲伹һֹסŲ
㡭
ʱ죬̧ͷ񷣬ޱƽ𾳲εĴֹס巢һɻֵ̿ĸо
䣡
̶ٶը
ƬռĲϣ޾ɫŨɲǼ両֣һˮͰִѪɫŨн֯ͬ·ҪƬؼһС
һʱ䣬
⣬ǡ
졭٣
Ǹ࡭٣
طһڤʿ𺧡


1220 
䣡
ʮѪڲϽ֯ƺҪ
⣬Ȼ٣
٣ⲻֻڿͨɾŻ𣿣ڡ
ǡۻʼ٣
ǡۻʾٰ
ô£ۻʾ٣⡭ûй°
ڤʿסˣȻԵĽ£һԺ
䣡
ƬռһƬŨƱ鲼ϣɵѪɫϺ쳹أҲ֪˶ôĵ򡣳˵˼㡣
Ȼ棬ǿڤĲˣһŵı飺㡭
⡭ܣ
ĳк̲סе
һ࣬ڿۻʱȻ٣ֱǡ췽ҹ̷
Ȼǰôһ棬ڲƵȷȷʵʵ٣
䣡
ֲ֯˼㡣
վⷽٵλã΢΢ţһĨԶ׼ϷŰ
ʢҲСһɵۻʽ١Ҫֶ֪ɲ˭õ
˵
䣬һƬѪɫֱ
һĳк￪ػʥֱӱ飬һɶ
Ѫˮͬ㣬նء

ҽеһʱ𣬷ǳ̶
ֻգ۶ѣѪɫ绹ûطдڤʿϢķ飬Ϣʧĸɸɾ



ֱӱǷˣϣѪɫ磬


ˣۻʴˣȡ
ҽϣطŻɭȻһڤʿʱѪɫ֣һͷܣ̱顣
ЩԭƬ򣬵ȴ֣ⳡγɣֵĿռΧǴһ磬ͻƲˣȥͻᵱ

ҽ
ֻգ۶ѣطưܲؽڣڤȴĳкۻǿԼޱƽ𾳲εڤ⣬ڤʿȫ
ģ
ڤڤۻʸŭ
䣡
̶𶯲أѪɫһ䣬նҪˡ
Ȼ͸оԼⳡۻжô£ʱûκһ˿ԥֱȡ֮ǰڤڰõ񵤣һڷ¡
һɢϢתۼǿʢһ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ʮս
лһĨâһ˲䣬оԼǿ󣬿ѵء
ʮսӣһ̣޾ͷ٣
ƫͷڤǸＸ֡
ϼһעˣˡ
˵
һֱ̣˲ǰ
һ˲䣬Ѫɫһ׹䣬ء
ڤǳǿ󣬵ʱӭȴǵݺһһΪ̷񵤺ϢǿʮǳˣǣⳡĵۻʽΪģµĻҲƶɽֵͬʱҲУǵϢ㤡
һ̣ޱƽ𾳲εĴû˿ԥֱӳȥ
ҪѹԼţȴҪܣ

â˸֮ͬŵھصǲٶȿ쵽㣬գۼں˵ڤֱ̧֣ݺһǻȭȥ
һڤֱӱҵĵ£ߵۻ㱻顣
Ҳʱ¡һһ£ܼһƬȸղЩɢҵѪɫҲֲ֪˶ٱҵڵصڤһû

ҽ룬ͷƤ顣
ڤԻȭҵڵأ֧ͨµ׷һʱ䱻ĻƣѪˮʮ

˵ͺ𣬾ŭӣžҵʹˣԶ߶ȥ
վԭأʵʮսӣ˵һ׷ͬʱʱڤ޸Ļᣬŵھصǲٴο絽ǰЯɢҵѪɫѹ¡
¡
Ѫɫأʮ
ͬʱĻȭҲʱһκݺݵڤϡ
һڤɣۻϲѺۣѪˮͣʶ¡
ԶסΣŭ죬϶մȾѪˮǱ
ѿ
˿Ρ
ң˵⻰ʱһҲûͣһٴαƵǰ
ӿ£û̫Ļȭʮս´߶ɻ˶˳ڤǿ֡
飡
飡
飡
ٶȼ죬Яһȭȭڤϡ
䣡
ܼ粻׹䣬ĻսƲʱһĺڶֻ׹£һ׺Ҫһжѹ
ڤ֮ǰ޷İ˵һֵ׷ֱԻȭȭ֣Уʱӭһ׺٣ëŵĵ
ޱƽ𾳵Ĵڣôֲ׷ȴҲǵһμ
һ̣ûκҪӲ˼ȭƣٶߣΪֻҪԶɽߣͿֱԶƬ׺
ֻǣȻܻĻᣬھصǲʩչޣ˶С
ĵۼ٣һ˿ģ뿴һңʲô
˵

ڤڷ־ŭ㱬ֿ谤Ͼ͵ȾѪʲôң
ߣܸ콣âÿһǿֲˣڤ·ȫסƺƵѹȥͬһƬ
Ҳʱ¡һڶֱѹǰ
㡭
ڤŭ׼ʱǡʱܼնھȥӦЩâ󣬺лԿ׺
쿴ŶԷĮһЦ
ﬣ
䣡
âص̶𶯣ܼâ׺һǰһš
ֻɲǼѣطֱӱâûˣʲôҲ
âɢȥʱ찲ȻĿڶ׷ȵվԭأڤըˣ鲼Уȥޱҡ

˵ŭ𴫳䶯Ϣȴ
쿴ŶԷ֯ھصǲʩչٴο˹ȥ
ˣ
飬Իȭֲȭƺš
ڤո㱻쿿ǰֱӱǰһȭֱӱѪͬǴӵ߳һ㡣

һҽ𣬲Զķ飬ΪۻʵڶǿߣĻ׷ȴҲǸⲻˣشһɵѪɫ磬


1221 Ʊ
ۻʼ٣ʵ̫ˣһĵۻʸֵסȻͨɢѪ磬ҲǾ߱ױȵĿֲɻһС
쳯ըķɨۣƽĮ漴ȭǿ
һʱ䣬ȭһ쳹Ƭռ䣬ڤķ⡣
飡
һȭڤ䴩ţǱĺԶ
ޱƽ𾳲εڤޱȾŭȾѪϱ鲼Ѻۡ
û˵ʲôǲٴαƽԷǰȭһδѹ¡
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ȭƿ£ֱ̮һͬ޶ʥİ
䣡
죬ܼѪɫ粻׹䣬ͬˮ㣬ⷽսƲ
ƬħĿռԭޱȼ̣ʱۻʼ٣Ƭռʱ䲻ϱ飬ѷͬ֩ܣܺˡ
ڤҧеŭʵһ㣬ĵȭҿٺˡ
ʱ٣ǻģµ֮ȫϣĻڣʵ̫ΣˣǿҲԲ
ʲô

ھصǲٶȿ켫ڤϣȭһδκ¡
ڤŭȴ벻
飡
һ촫Ӷȭݻɻˣһȭڤؿڡ
ڤɣӲ㱻飬߹ֱӶԶڿѪ
Ҳޱƽ𾳲εˣʮսӵĵȭ֧ţǻһͨۻԵһʱ䱻ķǣѪ
¡
罻֯Ѫɫ׹Բ׹¡
ڤɫѿֱӳ׷֮⡣
ȭͷʱһο˹һؿϡ
ۣ
Ѫˮڤɣһӡ

һߣоŭ
ĳкȾѪѪɫ磬Ǳ˼㣬ڼѵܡ
ƫͷˣһǿ˹ȥ
ƶطѪɫĽһһ£ǻԴȪΪˡ
ĳкʱһͷƤɵ÷飬ڷģ㡭
ԭӦͨޱȼˣѵֵסʱĵĶɽ߿ֱӱǴֲ磬ˡ
ٺˣ롣
ٶȺܿ죬ĳкƶĳк벻ˡ
֮ǰ˵Ҫɱһߣ壬¾ɾ
Į
ĳкܹоϵĿϢ⻰һĺˡ
ֻǣȻܸĻᣬ磬ֱͬӻӶȭĳкһȭ¡
໣

һͷӰһͷӰ븡֣һĳкû

ĳкҽУΪԶԶȲޱƽ𾳲εǸڤֱӱǱһȭҵķ飬һƬѪ
Ҳʱ¡¡ģƬѪ׹

һĲҽдǿڤۻʵһɶ
Դˣطڶڤۻ䡣
к
һڤۻĺʯ̲סֹܿס㤵ܴѪɫ磬תۼЩش

Զڤ죬еŭҪʵɱ⾪ꡣ
ߣǲһ磬ֱӱǰȥ
䣡
Ҳʱ͵һ죬ٿʼһޱ˵ϢƵҲ֪ȵһֺ͵ڶֵĽ׿ֲ˶ٱʹ춼һ
¡¡ģƬúڰˣϢƵʮ龪㤡
һ̣ٵֱӷֹ

⳾һƬδ֪ڣºϾһ𣬴ʱͣ½Ų
ƫͷħķ
ѽ
С̫ſͷϢȼǰǿˣҲħķ
ϢС٣ܿµ٣
Ͼħڵλã羫˫Ŀдŵ㾫â⡣
ºΨе΢ڸͬº͵㳯ܵ
ƶϢķȥ

ħ֮š
䣡
ײϣռ䲻ͣ顣
֮£ʱ΢ƫͷңԶĵط
¡
¶âӦµϢ
ϢһһƽͣƺǶԷо
䣡
֮ϣ׹øӿֲԵϢһѹ¡
񷣬Ѫɫ粻䣬ֵ췣УƺҪķһЩʱ䣬ͬʱҲܸоһֵ췣ǳ£Զ֮ǰֲ
Ų񷣬ƫͷӦµϢڷطڤн֯âֱ뿪뿪Ϸλöȥ
¡¡ģƶҲطϷλöȥ
ȥԶƫͷ󷽣ֽһӡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
󷽣ڤ忪ͨһߵĿռͨڣһֲɱƵ
һ̣Я뿪֮ǰӡǿռͨڵɱɱһʱ䱬նֱռ̮ͨ
գۼ㱻٣
ô᣿
һ˺ѷΰĺԺ󷽴Ǹޱƽ𾳵ڤ۾ˣͨһ·Ѿ޾£ⲿ˸ַޱƽ𾳽ˣҲԴⲿƻ·ղŵ֮ǰ䣬Ҳûн֮ٵ·ǳġȻʱû뵽ǣ·ڲȻᱬǰɲɱâֱӻٵ˹·
⣬⡭
ĺʯ
ΪۻʼǿߣɵʱܹǰȻɱڤڰ󣬵֪һڿͨһĹ·Ȼڤڰĵƭǽ·ڹ·ڲ˻ֶΣʱʹû·ڣڲ·ը١
뵽Щǿڤۻ־ŭֿ֣·Ѿ޾£úܳɹȴ㱻ٵЩŬһգңĳкУȫǵΣ

ڤŭ𣬷Ķ죬۾ˣ̲סֱɱ˹ȥ
쳯һˣЯ뿪ͷҲصԶȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ת۱ɡ
Ʊģ
дھâԵú䡣
䣡
Ͼ׹ѪɫĻ׹䣬ռ䣬ɱ졣
Щֻⳡеͨ磬ȻҲֲܿȴκβʮս졣գֱϷλöȥתۼǿħ



һ飬رһֲ̮
Сӣʲôүأ
ǰеǰλôһλôܳ׵ͬһ㣬ֱӵͷܡʵʱͷŵֲ̫ˣ֮ûκԱ
ʵϣħٵһ˲͸ӦˣһֱڽŵĿŻħ棬ȴû뵽ȻƵǰֱֲӴӶ˹
쿴ȥطλãǻϣڳط
˵⻰Ĳ䣬ЯŻ֮ĳϷλöȥ
㲻úöɽ٣ٵܣʲôҪȥģ
ʱѾǰеķƶȥ˺Զ
¡
ٹ쳹Ļꡣ
оâ㣺ȥڤһ졣


1222 Яٺһ
ĻһӲûɳ
ȥȥڤһ죿СӣҪİ
ĲС
ڤһ죬ǿڤΪĵһ죬ۼڤʿϵǿоŸۻʾǿߣҸм𳬼ʮۻʼǿߣ쾹ȻҪƵȥڤһ죡
ֱǸڤһȥһֻ䣬źԽԽǿܰڤһΪƽأڤʿ
Ҫģ

дžââٶȷǳ죬գۼɣ뿪˺Զ
£عҲûָͣķطһ߶ȥǰµ˻ϡʱٶķǳ죬ɫһ𣬵һɫ쫷磬ϵĿռ䶼Ť˲٣˲Զȥ

䣡
Ͻ׹ʮɽ
ŵۻٶйһɽ֮Ҳ֪жٽٵձըһƬƬ⣬漴ȻҲ
鵭ĮڵۻʲΣһɣسɴƶ

֮ǰǸڤ׷ɱڡ
죬Ȼٵһ࿪ڵϾҪɹͨһߵĹ·

˴ŭ㣬ȴⳡٵĿֲʱһ·׷ͬǷҰް㣬ǻɱ⣬ֻŽ˺
ۻʵڶصĺʯӰˣٶȫȲڤ
쳯ڤĮٴμ١
䣡
ڶ췣ʱЩãɴУû׹ΨЩɢҵѪɫøֲЩսƣسݡ
У壬һѪɫ磬һ·ǰС
ڤ׷Ѫһ㣬Ѫ˿ɱͷ񣬲ģнޱƽ𾳲εǿ䲻һʱһ·ǰеķǷڤһķ죬ƵŻذ׷ʱֱֱĳڤһȥ
ģͣ£
ǿ˲뵽ҪʲôٲȻҪȥڤһɽ٣
쳯ۣ鵭Įٴ١
ٶȷǳ죬;ʱ˺ѿռǰУڤǸԶԶ˦漴ûйȥãǰǧ֮⸡ֳһ޴أȥԿһֺޱȸߴϢϱ֮ڤڰĹǿ̫࣬ۻϢʱ䳤
ˣ
н֯⡣
ڤбޱȣȥһߵ飬Ҳ֪жһ£׸涼ŹҲ֪жٸұһٵʱ弸ǿѪӡסͨһߵͨ
񣬾뵱ǸʱѾȥ޾£Ȼһȴûлڸ֮ģӸ䣬һһС࣬ͨһĹ·ҪɱһȥһͳʮūгȴڤȺҪ¾ɾ
ô˵Ҳ࣬£Ȼˣвɵһ⡣
񣬼ȻһʼҪɱһȥ壬Ϊ࣬ȻûʲôģҪɽ٣ֱȥڤһɣ췣һȥһΪڤһڤʿۣݽ٣Яٶһûκ˿Կס٣ûκ˿赲סҪݻһ̶ϸоʹ
ڤʥһǿȻЯȥΪ٣𼶱ǿ߶ԣʲôá
䣡
׹ǰڤһ죬ûһ˿һԥֱӿ˹ȥ
ͷ٣ڣʱ򣬲һŵһȥ
ƶڰʼڤһ죬Ϣʼڤһ죬ռʹһڵһڤʿ󾪣̧ͷȥ
ǡǣ
ƣ磬ǣ졭٣ˡڶͨɴ٣
ôܣ˭ͨɴô£
ڤһڣһڤʿޱ𺳡
еӰƺǡ࣡
ûС࣡
ǸƶƺǱǸС⡭
ڤʿе죬дźɫ˲ɵ÷Ϊǵ̫ڿֲˣǿеĳƺȴǡСࡱ
ЯϣһЩڤʿ
ǡСࡱ֣Ϊ
޴ӵһ塣
Į
һ̣һǧɾ룬뵽ڤһڡ
¡¡ģѪɫ䣬ڤһ죬ַԲǧɵķΧһֲѪɫֱһڣµ
գۼ䣬һ٣һ̶ĲҽѪըȾա

ҽڤһںƵոջڿšСࡱȺڤʿʱ򾪿ޱȣͷܣգۼǱһƬ
Ӱ
˴С
ĵۻʼ̫ڿֲһʿԣȫǻԵġ
ϣЯٶڤһԵλÿʼһλȥ֮һ̮һƬƬձ飬һݣһڤʿѪɫ飬ֻһƬưܺѪȾء
ڵ磬ôܻࣿȻٳ嵽
ͨ𣿣ôô£
ϣСе
ĵۼڣ
ˣӣ
ڤһڣһڤʿʱԿ־ޱȣʵЯֲ̫ˣֱܻһ㣬ڤʿڲð

һ벽ۻʼǿ߱һѪɫУըֱ
ƶٶ⴦ҽϣһڤʿֻӴܣըת˴Ƭ
࣬
ĵ׼ۼͳ˧ǿɱһʥìᴩ졣
Ȼһ̣ƬѪɫ׹䣬ֱӽû˸
ͳ˧
ڤǿ߿һĻ̲סгһӱˢһƬ
׼ۼǿߣȻ˲䱻ƬѪɫС
¡
һƬѪɫĽͬһΣֲˣֻǹϢѹͱ˳Ƭա
ͷ٣壬ʱȫɱֻǼ֮ѪɫУһڤʿֻвҽкӴһ;
䣡
ǿƵһλãʮߴӰ𣬸Ϣˡ


1223 ӡ
ʮӰ֣һڤһŸۻʾĳϣ߸ޱƽ𾳽Ǹһ֣ʹطĿռһŤΪȻ֯Ϣøڤʿȫ˹
ˣǣǣ
ڤʿϲʮ˳֣ͷʱǰʮˣһԽǰࡣ
¡
ںѪɫڲݺᣬÿһͬһ㣬ԵϢʮڤһ춼ڲ
٣
ϣڤһ˽Զݡ
ΪоĿֲȴ뾹Ȼôһ档
ȥڤһձһƬн֯Ҳ֪˶ôķΧһѪɫ׹£һ
ͬһʱ䣬һڳʮۻʿе죬һ䡣
ࣿ
Щ˸һźɫһ࣬ô
ͬʱǿ˳ϵĹǵ٣µʱҲ˳ƺոۻʾΡ
ۻʾ٣
ôܣ
Ӧð
ʮǿ߶סˡ
ΪǰһĻʵ̫췽ҹ̷ˣԹʿֻͨɾʱŻ٣һڿۻʾʱȻҲ٣
¡
ϣܼѪɫ粻£ڤһ֡


ˣ
ҽڤһڣһڤʿӴܣѵȴ٣ѪɫУûκܹ׼ۼǿߣѪɫ£ҲһͿϾ


ڤһʮۻǿһƬɭԶŭȣͬʱԶʩչͨɱȥδǰΪʱЩ˶ǸоǣٵĿ£ǵЩļ£ҿǰ
ʮˣ鵭Įھصǲʩչһ˹ȥ
壬ԿɢҵѪɫ磬ڤһʮǿߺͨȫ⣬ֻµѪɫ磬ǽЩͨķ顣
һ̣ʮڤǿ߽ǰ
ȥһ飬ɱȥôƾõ£ȥһΪ塣ڣҲһԱ¾ζ
Į
磬ͬˡ

ʮУһڤɭȻڣʮ˿ٺˣľ롣
ۻʾξȻܹ٣ȻⳡٵĿֲŭ쾹ȻȿֲִڤһʹڤһѾдƬڤʿȴûмǳⳡֲٵģԸ쿿̫Ϊǵֱüڻڡ
Цǲˬѣ
䣡
䣬һƬֱֶ
췣
췣֣ڤһ춼رϸֳһѺۣһ̮һڤʿϢը顣

ʮڤǿ߾ŭʱûȫ룬췣û
¡¡ģĿ׹ûܣټڤһƵĲӣرϳһֱǧҵӣȫףйҽðڶ
ھرɸߵϣʮսӵվǿ˸ղֲֿĺɱ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһдŵѪʮڤǿ߶ѣڸղ췣˲ˣΪڤһѾ飬ǿվЩˣԴˣԵϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڸղǵ췣£ƬĹ̮ƬڤʿըʬǶ£ѪˮȾһر֮Ŀġ
࣬Ȼٶúݶ˼
ڤһŭ
ݶƫͷˣһ괳һ磬ɱ˶ࣿٵ˶ټ԰ֱڣҪɱһȥһͳʮࡣȶк뷨㣬ȻҲ˼˵Һݶ
ڤһ˫۳죺ҪڤСԱȣ
ڣҪеС

ھصǲʩչޣڤۻʵɱ⣬ƵգۼڤһǰȭֱӳŶԷ¡
໣
𣡡
ӰԻӰڿգߺһֱӳڤһȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ϵѪɫһ׹䣬ܺˡ
ӡ
ڤһһڱӡΪһƷ챦ӭϡ
¡
ײһƿȭӰͷӰһʱ佫ӡ֣ͬʱԼһǿ絽ڤһǰȭٴѹ¡
һȭȫʮսضƺҪһȭ򱬡
ڤһ¶ֵı飬챦ѹˣʱȻԻأһȭǿֲޱȣڷԥĳˡ
ϧٶ̫ˣȭǷܣƺƵĺ䡣

ѪˮһҽУڤһ
һȭɱһۻʣ
䣡
ӡıĵ
üһĿʶ˲ϢӡڣеıĨ漴Լӡֱӽ֮
࣡
һڣڤŭ۾ˡ
̶Ƭ̼䣬Яڤһ죬ڤһٵĲƲڤʿʱǺɱһһۻʣ챦ǿж˹ȥֱܴ裡ڤ壬£
ƫͷȥ鵭Į⡣
䣡
Ѫ罻֯ϢûķһϵĹϵ̮
һ̣ٴζˣǾŸۻʾǿߺ߸ڤɱȥ
ʮսӣЯٶϣǾŸۻʾǿߺ߸ޱƽ𾳵ǿ߾һҲ˿޾塣
䣡
ƶܼĻһƶһľŸۻʾǿߺ߸ڤһѹƶȥĿռ佹ơ
ȽٹЩ£ǿޱƽ𾳲ε㤣֮ⳡٵĻģЩһǿٵˣԸ쿿ǰ
һһС࣬࿿ǰȴȻͷӣ濹⣬ǹª

ƽƽʮڤǿ߶ȴޱȴ̶ǱݺݵĳһǶ⡣
С
ڤӱ죬һͷڤޣĲ
ϻԣ
ƫͷˣԣһ˹ȥԼ׷˺
¡
һ޴иֶ췣ϣһֱɵ׹䣬׷ŵڤһ𸲸¡


1224 նһ
޴ܽһжֲ˷ָƺƵ¡
·ڤ㤣췣̫ˣٺƣչֳٶȣҪڵһʱȥ
ʲôһɽ٣˼

ͨ屦ţڤƶܼ콣âһʱ両֡
콣âɱڤͬʱԼǳӡ׷
䣡
ڣ췣ѹ£ըС
һο췣ûʲôˣǱһ𸲸ŵڤȴЩңǿĵֱӱˣѵԶ飬ѪˮƮա
ϸֳһ޴ӣҲ֪жĵģǳˡ
ڤŭ𣬿
࣡
죬ޱȷŭղĽնһڿµɱڵס˲ͱ췣У
쿴ˣûԥֱӲǲɱȥ
䣡
ƶѪɫһƶٵĻƶתۼֱƵڵڤǰֱӾһǻȭ
˵һյǱˡ
ͬʱһȭµѪɫøӿȭͷҲڤȥ

飬ᴩ¶Ѻۡ
ΪɽߣȻһ̶ٵȻⲢԿ֮ԼϢΪǣһƱԴϢڻȭ֮ڴڤԴǣȥĻ֮

ڤҧʱ޿ɱܣֻ̧֣ӭֲһȭͬʱͨſɱѪɫ硣
飡
תײһܱߵһѡ
񵤵ʮսڤޱƽΣײһ𣬲ƾУ˭Ҳûܹ˵˭
ЦһֻҲǻȭļϢڤֱƥ
ֻţǧѪɫһ£ÿһѪɫ̺ţ˷Բɵľ룬Ҫ㡣
ЩѪɫ磬ǿشۻǿߵ
ڤۻʲɵͷƤһ飬ѪɫȺҪϣҲѲƤܿĻȭٺҪ룬ǣȴ벻ˡ
ˣ
䣡
ٴμȭҲһڴʱ£ֱӽڤû

ҽдڤֻ˳ȥ
ԭڤ濹Ļôңǿǰֲ֮˱ܵ־ɵսսƴ˷ѡ
ɫĮΪɽ֮ˣԭطΪΣյģ˿ȴԵۻ룬ŵٳһ˹ȥɱڤꡣ
ֹ
һڣȺȻĿɱǵˡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģ;Ÿۻʾǿһ֣žޱȵɱ⣬ȥ
ߣ
ߣһΣ߱ɹС
߱ɹѾһ챦ԿƷε챦ȡڳ˲ңһʮʮӵս
ݣ
ݣ
ݣ
һƿʮ֧ۼֱӱڤʮۻʼǿߴͨɱ⡣ң֮ʮ֧ûоʹǼǰƲĳʮɱڤǿ߹ᴩȥˡ
ʮ˶ݣæܡ
ˣ
Ҳʱռ𶯣׺ȫңĴڣ׼Զ֮ǰǸڤ漴ֱɿҡ
䣡
ɿңһ֧߳Ļʸ绹Ҫ죬գۼǳ嵽ڤǰ۵һᴩʹķѡ
ͬʱ߼ʸϴıԴϢֱǣѪɫ磬ڤƵķѵ굱ûתۼ˸׷顣

նһڤ
ˣȻ
ôܣ
࡭
ڤһڻڤʿʱԼһޱƽε˾ȻôɱһһǺȻڷ
ಣ
һӵһ֮ǰڻħ׷Ǹڤʱϻڤһ죬˫۳һƬһڵĲ֮۾ʱ졣
࣡
˶죬ʱ޲졣죬࣬ЯڤһˣѾǽڤһƻ˴࣬ڤʿ˴Ƭ
ɱĶɱͨһ·ˣ
˺
ʲô
·ˣ
ô᣿
ڤһڣ;Ÿۻʾǿɫ䣬ΪڤĵۼڣȻ֪ϵڤе˼·Ȼˣ
ˣǰһж
ӻħ׷ڤһӡ˿
ʱ·Ѿ׻ٵѾûʲôıҪˡ
ŸۻʾǿߺǼޱƽ𾳵ǿ߸ŭȸղɱһ˻Ҫŭһ۾ˣͬҰһ㡣
㾹£

ɱɱ
Щ˴
ħ֮ͨһ·Ѿ޾£ٹǾɣԴɱһȥһͳʮ죬·ȴˣ
ɱ
ӻħڤʱһ߸ڤ;Ÿۻʾǿһ֣ȴٵĿ£볯ȥ
Ǽֱŭ˷·һ̫ҪˣȻˣ

Щŭ𣬴ɱ޾һ죬תۼǰ
첻壬Цĺãʱǡúʡ
䣬¡һһ𣬵췣֣һƬ嫵ɽһһ֯صϢʼһֱֱѹ
ʮڤǿһɫ䣬ʱŭȴҲǽΪ췣֮Ϊһһɽֲ̫֮ˡ
䣡
񷱬׷ɲǼ£ûܡ

ҽĿдһۻʾڤǿķѣͬҲһ٣ס׷
ͬһʱ䣬͵ۻʾڤǿҲѣ˲ᣬۻʾڤǿȻԴȴǱĥ˴롣

̲סŭ𣬱Դ׽ĥ룬̫ˣǽϡ
ϣȻûкõȥʺѪˮԿɫҲǱò԰Щ̵ϲѺۡ
ȻʮսҲûܹȫ¸ղŵ췣
־ôˣ׽٣ж£ж֣
Ųϡ
ԾΪһԣֻо׷٣ǣȴ֪ԼһϣвͨϾ澳ʱʮ׷ⳡۻʽ٣ܵľãԲֹ׷ô򵥡
񵤵ҩЧ໹ְܼӣƾԶɲⳡ١

ôţȴǺƽһҲûеġ
ҲʱڤһϢĶӰºϾˡ


1225 նۻ
ڵһʱоµ˵Ϣƫͷڤһ⿴ȥһ۾Ϳ£Ͼ飬С̫ҲѾһ˻ϡ
ѽ
С̫
ҲԶ֡
ԶԶĿС̫ϾĿϡ
֮ԸҺԥǣڤһ죬֮Ըղ񵤺ѶȹⳡȴģΪ֪µ˻ѰٶǿĴվ⣬֮пֵܳڤвûʲôɵĵģţѲ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ڤһڣڤ͵ۻʾڤϣҲµˣ¶ɫȴ⣬ȻƬ硣
ôģ
ʮ벻ͨ
䣡
ŨƷѪɫͬŭڱڣʮ
췣ʼ𣬸ǿҵĻϢ֯ٵķΧȻֲ˷ԲɵĿռ䣬׹µѪɫøӿֲˡ
£Ȼǵһʱоٵøˣѹȴûмɵη塣
ƣͬɽ٣ʱסڤˡ
䣡
ЯŹˣֱɱһڵڤˡ
ʱˣƶĸƶڤһڵļڤۻʾڤۻʸͷƤһ飬һ
ˣʱʮڤһĴȴǲûкˡ
࣡
ɱ
ն
ȺΪٵڿڵ·ɱŨ
ܼгһߵѪɫ׷һ߳ɱϡ
ˣ
˼򣬵âӿΪ֮ڡ
¡¡ģһʱ䣬ⷽռ𶯣˵ɱķѹϡ
оѹѹȴΪڵۻǿֻ壬ʮսӵ£ȻͬʱôǿҲη塣
ˣ
ֱѾ챦߱ɹ״У۳һ֧߳ɱֱĶ׼ʮеһۻʾǿߡ
漴һ̣ɿҡ
ݣ
߳ĴɱֱĳΪмһ˿ıԴϢʱѪɫ磬ֱĳ׼ǵۻʾǿ߶ȥ

ۻǿĥһ뱾Դһˣʱӭ˿ֲɱʱͷƤ飬ֱʩչź󷽶ȥ
ֻǣһ̫ˣ챦գۼǿ˽ǰ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ĥһ뱾Դڤۻֱӱ䱬
漴һ̣Ѫɫѹ£ܵÿһռ䶼ˡ

ҽѪɫдһְ
ۻʾڤǿߣֱ
ڤ漸ۻʾĵۻʾŭЯٽڤһڣһڤʿһ٣һޱƽεɱۻʾǿȥһҲȥĸۻǿ䣬ʹЩ۾ˣڤʧ̫ˣ
ҪǣһֱӵʿΪǸܡ

ǿڤŭ𣬼һ˵Ĵɱ⣬ӷĹɱ졣
ɱ
һڵǴ˸ֱӼ챦һ¯һһϴɢǿϢ
첻ܣʮսӵʮ˵ĺϻ˿Ҳɵ
̧ңɱ꣬ͬʱɱʮˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʩչر߶ʹӵһȡӡʹ챦һͬɨǰ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һսʮڤǿߣƣѪɫ粻ͣ䣬ΰ


ˣ
ڤһڣҽͣЯٿڤһڣٵķΧ˳ԲɣеڤӶӲȥ˱ѪɫУһȻޱƽۻʼˣҲȫֵס
ͬʱڤײĹУϴƶʹѪɫһڵĸ䣬ٵһرϲϳִѷ졣

׼ǿ߾ִУһѪɫУ
ȥƶڤһ켸ǣһر飬طĽƲңҽӿһƬƬڵһ⡣

ڤһڵһڴȻһо۵ףĹɱ졣
ߣɫĮٴ߱ɹͬʱƿ챦ɱϡ
ʬħڣǸɷһЩ£˵ڤɱĻ棬ǲбӤŹޱѪȡһɱһȥ࣬ˣһȻʲôıҪֱӴɱһ죬ݶ
ⲢԼػҲĵˣҲ٣ɱˣа飬ննֻǶڤֺɵͲɱˬΪǣЩȥһɱ޾ڤʿΪ٣ȲҪȥɱʵǳʹ졣
ˣ
ٴδ߶򣬹ĵâӿʲôĴȴ嫵󣬷·ǿջҪգۼ۳һ֧߳Ĵɱ
һ̣ɿңݵһɱųβͣһĥһ㱾ԴǸۻʾڤǿüģֱ䱬Էʶ

ʮڤһĴŭ𣬾ȻһۻʾС
ɱ
Ǵ𣬷ɱ
޾壬սʮأʹڤһԽԽơ
Сӣǹͣ
Զ
Яٳڤһ죬һ죬һ˺ۻʾǿߺޱƽ𾳵ĵۻʣתۼɱˣսʵЩˡ
ۻʾ٣ǡֻ
Ͼ鶢ŵһڣ۾н֯ŵ㾫â
¿ŵһڣһĺܰƽͣ˿
䣡
䣡
䣡
ڤһڣʮսӣһӭսʮۻǿߣ·
ڤ͵ۻʾڤǿ۾죬ŭݣĹɱ죬˳ǿ챦
ҲʱҲ췣ϣȻѹ
һ췣׹ٶȼ죬գۼǽʮڤǿûУֲըһռڤһķѣڤʿȻ췣ķΧڣȴ˴ѣƬը

ͺ𣬼ڤͼۻʾصڤǿ߶ѣܴأһۻʾǿ߼챦ķѣֱӻС
һߣȾѪ췣ȻҲ˲ˡȴǲû⣬ʱ̫ˣٴ߱ɹֱӶ׼һۻʾڤǿߣɱݵĺϣٶȿ쵽㡣


1226 
߳Ĵɱٶȿ켫ڵٽһɲǱųβֱͣӹᴩ׼Ǹڤۻʾǿڣһը
ͬʱʸմȾıԴϢǣܼѪϣֱӽըĵۻʾڤǿ֡

˲ҽУڵ췣ȻȴشʱӭһѪɫ䣬
࣡
ڤŭ۾øӺˣһۻʾǿ߱նɱ
ɱ
Щɱ졣
첻ܣ̫ɿ壬ͨӲʮˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѫɫ粻£սƣزϳݡ
䣡
񷱬׷ȵ췣ֲ
һʱ䣬ٵķΧøˣһɢҵѪɫڤһڣʹһڤ̮һڤʿϢ֯ʮռ䡣
ˣ
һ׷٣ƺƵ£֮һо
⣬ǡ
ڤһ⣬ʵֲ̫ˣȻԶʱȴҲһҲ˵ĸо
ɡÿ£ļ£ͬʱеǣָܹס𡣡
С̫ϾҲݣ׷Ƕов
һ̣طΨʼպƽǰûа㲨
ˣ
һ𣬱֮ǰӴ̶׷ʼ䡣



һ׷ʼ䣬û£ڤһǿʼ飬رֳһܼѺۣͬ֩ܡ
ңҲڱ漴һ˲Ǳ֮ĥ
ֲˣ
ڷΧļڤ͵ۻʾǿͲһ̲ɵͷƤЩ飬Ǳȿֲ֮סˣæˣٹɱ죬ٶȺˣɽ룬ⱻֲֿ֡
쵭ĮߣȻ֪Щ˵뷨ʩչǲʮӵսǿнڤͼۻʾǿǣԼߡ
ڤͼۻʾǿ־ŭҪһѣֶҲ뿪Զ
䣡
׷£˷Բɵľ룬ڤһڵһڴûС
һ˲ѣһøӲƣһѺ۱鲼ʮ绡ž졣
һֵ׷ըɢϴż͸ѪȻʮսӣֵ£ȴҲ˼صĴˣڳӿѪ

һ߸ڤƣŵۻʾǿ߸ǲȫԵϡ
̫壬ɿһλãʱŶʮڤһĴٴζˣ챦߱ɹĴУ۳һ֧ߴɱ
ݣ
ɿңɱٶȼ죬ֱĳһۻʾڤǿߡ
ۻʾڤǿĲæܣԶܿһȻûеüһܹĴɱڲԶı䷽ͬԼʶ˻
˱ɫ¶ɫô
ۣ
ѪˮɱֱĹᴩ˵üģʹöԷ
һڣڤͼۻʾǿ߽裬ϵɱۻʾǿ߲һޱƽ𾳽Ǳնڣڤһֻʣ߸ڤĸۻʾǿߡ
֮⣬Ϊ֮ڤһķѣڤʿв벽ۻʺ׼ǿߣȴ˺һ𣬵Գܡ
ڤŭ𣺡࣬
̫壬ɿƣڤŭ⡣
鵭ĮЯɱʣµʮһڤһڵĴ
ˣ
ʱ𶯣ڰ췣֣ض˱ѹ
һ˲ѣһɹɾ˵쫷磬ڤһֱӳĻƵ£ڤһ춼ˣֻǵĻϢͿֲޱȣʹһгƬͨڤʿը顣
߸ڤĸۻʾǿȻŭǸڤҲǶʱĲʱƶڰֵ¸ов
ˣ
죬ʥڱ޶
΢ʱȻо˵ڰ췣Ŀֲûȥ׷ʮһڤǿߣ̫ͣľתĸ죬ʼȫ׽١
䣡
һڰ£Ŀ׹ûһС
һΣֱӱѪˮɽȴվûȥ̫תѪɫԾƬ̺
Ȼ
Զڤҧгݡ
ڰ췣ܹĸожô£ǰϣϾһ֣ȴ
ˣ
̵ڰ֮󣬵ھٸûаͣ٣ֱѹ䡣
춯ݣڰٲŸոչȥھ췣Ȼѹûиһ˿һĴϢʱ䡣еͺ̫ľתޣֻͼ⡣
ֻͼǿƺƵϣʮսʩչʹüޱƽ𾳵ڤݣо˴ֻͼĿ¡
ھֵ췣ֲ̫ˣֻͼ˲䱻󣬿ֱֲϣ֮˵صס

һ죬ڤһ쳹ķѣûһõءͬʱڤʿΪѹºĻϢ飬ڷѪȾر

ڤͼۻڤǿ߶˫Ŀͨ죬ٶڤһҪ׻ٵˡ
Ӧ˰ɣ
еۻʾǿҧ졣
ֻǣעʧˣڤһĲһ̿ʼ𶯣󣬺һһӵص׳ԳӰ
Ȼţ
ɹǰֲ٣
ģ
ڤŭڸղǰֲ֮£쾹Ȼûȥ
վϣʱɫ԰ס
ղţһαڵص׺ķ˴ܴء
ǵھ٣һҪ
ͷϣû˿ҪɢȥףұøɲЩ
Ȼֹ֣

Ųϣת̫ľ̫޸Լ壬Ѿȫûоȥ
ˣ
ֲ׽ٳ֣罻֯һ𣬺Ȼѹ¡
ʮ٣
ڤ˱ɫ
ۻʾ٣Ѿ㹻ˣ췽ҹ̷ԭֻӦо׷٣Ȼʱ˵ʮֱ֣˷˼
࡭
Щ˽Զݣͫ׽Խ
ܿ죬ЩڤǿǶ¶ɫھ췣ûɱ죬µʮ췣ãһɱȻϣɹȹⳡ١
춢Ųϣͨæս߶ޡ
һ̣һۣϢͬˮ˥ת͹ȡ
񵤵ҩЧˡ
һ̣ƣܸȱȴŲСӰ죬ʹʱվЩվˡ
Զڤ弸ȻӦϢ仯
Ϣ轵֮ǰʱսĵҩ
Щ˶Ѱ˲³ĳЩ¡
ֲòŸոտۻʾҵ濹⣡
һڤ
ˣ
һԲը죬ʮֽ׻δѹ䣬ֲĻϢǺƺƵ¡
촦ٵģȿֲĻϢ͵һ̲סѪƣҲ޷ϣֱŵرˤȥ
оٲȻûսˣ޷ٶԿ٣ڳŵˤµ;УճԶ¿ȥ
ʱֻܿˡ
һϣʼպܰûͬǰ㶯ݺżᶯ£һ֧ƾն֡
䣡
һĿԲ䣬ֺɫֱֲˡ
ʮֽ£׹ȥ֮һж˶ˡ

Զڤͼۻʾǿ̲סг˺塣
ʮֽףожֲǼޱƽ𾳽Ҳ־壬˿Լܹסս۷ʱӭҲԻѾûһսˤ죬סһ
ɣ
ʱʮһڤǿ߿죬Ŀ̣ͬڿһʬ塣
ҲʱƵת翣ңԶĺĴϴ³ס
ڤһ⣬°ȹƮ裬鰲µĴǿѣʮָᶯһƵƮ
쳯ŵرˤ䣬һ
ƵĶУ˲һʹңһ̣һɾ˵ʼͬһƻתۻһ𺣣ȷ񵤺ʮսҪǿ


1227 ڤ
ͻı仯𺳣ƮУȻ˲κһƣʹս˷츲صǿ֮ʱ۷״̬Ҫǿʮ
ڳŵرȥĿϣѣһİ
ɵ˸ԭΪ»粽ԾԵʵ٣ȴû뵽ֻԶѣı仯ڣͷһвԶûˣܻһе磬ôС
ֻǴĵѣ˾˵Ǻεȵĸ
䣡
̶ʮֵɫ䵽ǰ
ֱʱǱˤ̬ʵǱ¸סˡ
Զڤһļڤͼۻʾǿߵı̡

һۻʾǿ̲סȺ
һʮһûһ⣬һȫãˡ
ȻǵϣעգˤƫͷĿƿ˫Ŀ貵⣬ɽʮ췣顣
漴ֹסΣ׹䣬ȵվھرɸߵĿС
ǣ
ôܣ
ܣ
Զڤһļڤͼۻʾǿ߸ɫ䡣
оϢѾ˥䵽˵͹ȣѾŵرˤ䣬ͻȻȴĴ䣬ǿֲĵʮֽףǰ򵥾ͱ顣
ƮڿУѣ
ȵûκηӦֻǾúȴǸоԼսڳУΪɶĸоڻ
ƫͷ£𺳣ǿߵֶΣ
ôǿ

ڤһڣڤͼۻʾصڤǿ߿ͻȻ仯ԭ򣬽ֱֱĿ¡
࣡ն
еۻʾǿ߿ڡ
ң˵ֱӸжƿ죬һǳŵһɱȥ
ڤ򷭹һھɱĵۻʼͨѹ¡
ˡ
ڤһ⣬Ȼı仯Ǻµĵйأ̲סľʱڤۻʾǿɱ£ɵƲƲ졣
ºܰɰû˿ʮָᶯԽ
ﬣ
̶֣ʮսʩչ콣̶Хء
һ貵콣âΪ콣еһǿֱͨĳɱµǸڤۻնȥ
Сģ
ڤѡ
ͬʱµڤۻǲһĿֲëըһʱֹסµĶٺƣҪܿһ
ֻǣһ̫ˣգۼ˵Ľǰ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ǿһֱĹᴩ˵üģķѡ
漴ķѵ͵ķ飬Ҳ֮ѿһը鿪

һնɱһۻʾǿߣ
ҵ죡
Զۡ
ҼС¡
ϾЦ
ܹ֮ôǿսȫΪµĵ
±鰲ȹƮ裬͡
ģô᣿
ڤһڴĶ죬ɫ䡣Яٶ࣬ʱս֮һʼǿˣȻһɱһۻʾǿߡ
̶ǳһһѪɫ䣬ǿƥ
ʮٹȥʮһʱûи֡
ϣƣϢ֮񵤺ǿ̫ˣһ׷֮㣬ļ¡
߸ڤͻʣµۻʾڤǿߣһƬĮ
ˣ
ûκζĶ챦߱ɹͬʱһ֧߳Ĵɱֱ֣һƵ磬׼һۻʾصڤǿߡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģҡʱĴɱ֮ǰǿ̫ˡ
һ̣ɿңɱֱĳǰֱӹᴩһռ
ݣ
һ裬ƿֲգۼǱƵǸۻʾصڤǿǰ
۵һۻʾǿֱܶӱᴩ󣬴ɱһɳȥԶ󷽲ͣ£ը鿪


һĻʹڤһڻŵļڤŭķ
ɱ
ڤ𣬷ܲĳȥ
ЦܣӭųڤϣѪ֮ƶ
䣡
񷷢һ̶ףʮһ׷ϣʱȻѹ
һö޴׹ֱнǧɣȫǻ壬š
ڤʱĺĿ־壬ֹסγߡ
ֻǣٶȱˣת۱˽ǰ
Ҳʱʮһ췣ֱѹ䣬һ𸲸С

ǿڤִУ챦⣬ȻȴǸֵס챦һ飬漴ҲǸŷ飬Ҳ֮һ
ӡ壬ĮĿڤ漴Ƕ֣ȭʩչݻһͷӰһͷɻӰ򵥵һȭ
ˣ
ǿһȭʮӵսϣһֵ췣
ڤһȴ˶ٵĸӲƣرҲ֪˶ɣһƵҽʣڤʿըУѪζŨҡ
ǡĹݰ
ڤһ⣬զࡣ
㲻˵ڤڰпͨһ·Ҫȫ¾ɾ𣬶ңǰҲǱߺ˺öˣǣһ㶼ݡ
ߵ
ǿƣػ񡣡
Ͼ鿴ŶɽеЦ
ѽ
С̫վ¼ͷڤһڵ죬۾ģǿɰ
ɰΨеһƵƮ
ڤһڣֻԼսǿȻûһʼôţȴȷʵУҲǱԽӵʢͬɽ緢
ĿѪļڤٴζ֣һߵĴɱ
ܣ
ڤ
ֻǣ챦Ĵɱôܡ
ۣ
һۻʾڤǿѣһᴩؿڣ
һ̣ٴο׼һڵһۻʾڤǿߡ
ݣ
һ֧߳Ĵɱٶȿ켫գۼǳۻʾڤǿǰüĹᴩ飬ʶҲһΪ֮
ڤһľŸۻʾǿߣȫɱ

ڤѪ˿
䣡
ʮ׷֣漴ʮ׷Ҳһӿ
һ׷һѹ䡣
ͷӭϣ׷顣
䣡
ٴը
ڵʮֺ͵ʮ׷˲䣬ʮ֣ʮֺ͵ʮ׷һӿϢţʹٵϢ˲䱩
ɫ΢ӭ׷оһ˿ѹ
ˣ
ҲʱطʾͷһŲʹͷһ𣬸оԶȲϵ׷ֲϢһͷڱ
ƫͷȥֻʾͷһϵӰϢĻꡣ
ˣ
һڣڤȻҲǷˣ¶ϲ֮ɫ


1228 
⳾ͷһϵӰ֣һڤһĲȥǳʵȴˣֻתۼڤһڡ
棡
ڤһڣŵڤϲ볯Ӱϵıޱȹ
ԶһʾͷĲ԰ӰЩˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ڤһ⣬ͰɫС̫ϾҲݡ
𼶱𣡡
Ͼ
@#ۣһ徹Ȼȸ߶ȵĴڣ
֮ǰ̽Ѱڤڰʶڤûбô򵥣ȴڤ⣬һڤʥʮޱƽ𾳵ǿߣ𾳴ʱȣʱ𺳣û뵽һȴڡ
Աߣ°ȹƮ裬Եúܰʼûʲô
䣡
죬ϣʮ׷ʮֺ͵ʮ׷𣬻ϢøŨˣҪݻ١
ϻ׵֮⣬ϣһ˲˲ʾͷĲӰ
Ӱŵڤ⣬һԨ㡣
𼶣
е
Ӱ٣һɾ޴ѹ
ʣ𾳲εĴڣ
ңǼ޽ӽ𼶵ڤ˵̬УҲɿ
Է⳾ͷӰԵЩɿݣ˫֣ڶ䡣
࣬ۻʣ١
ڴ졣
Щɳƣ³ֺӸˡ
ѾƵڤһ죬ûһۡ
棡࣬Яۻʼٶɱ˵һɱ˾Ÿۻʾ쳤ϣɱһڤҧ棬ק˫ȭУڿеͨһĹ·ҲҲҲٵˣ
棬ɱ
һͺ
ӰΪڤ𼶴ڣڤڱΪʱڤĻ鲢û̫ı仯ڿڵͨһĹ·ٵҲֻһĨѣûʲô仯
Ŀ⣬ʼնϣȻΪġ챾ˡ
ֻ塣
³ô֡
£Ŀø䣬Լ˫Ŀֶ
֣һҲȴ˲䴫ڤһ졣
ʲô
࣬ǡֻ壿
ؼǿʣ
ڤɫ䡣
Ȼʮ岢һĴ˵Ƭ⳾Ҳһ
ǿ壬Ȼǡ
ڤ
ֻ壬ǿؼǿʣǴ޾ңԶʱµĴ˵
ϣǿĴ˵
ѹڿۻʾ٣ΪֻǿʵĹϵ
һ̣ͻȻЩˣΪڿۻʾʱ١
춢Ӱ΢
Ѿ³Ӱ𼶴ڣʱ򣬵ԷһԵ̲ס΢ݣһʵǿߣ
䣡
̶죬һƬʮ췣ʮ췣͵ʮ췣ʱһѹ䣬ÿһռ䶼׹⣬ƺƵѹ¡
ȳЩ£ʮսһѹ
æĿӷ⳾ͷǵӰ뿪Ϊʱѹ췣̫ˣҴ⣬ʼ׷ϡ
ˣ
̫ľת㣬ͨƺƵĳŲӭȥ
һʱ䣬â裬ײ
Ϣ֯ڤһÿһ䡣



ڤһ죬ҵưܣرݵĸ࣬ڤʿ
棬ɱץסֻرԴ
ڤе
ʱ֪ʺڤһļڤĿûһֻ壬һֻرԴؼء
ڵֻرԴгĴ壡
Ӱ䣬ŵֿٵ죬һ̣ˡ
ֻǿһϵձŤǧΪ֮ڣϢ쾪ء
ֻɲǼ䣬µԱߣӻص٣ץ졣
ɫѹоԶԶʱµ췣ѹ̲סñʶе궼ƺҪˡ
¡
һ
ڤһ⣬ʼպѵͬʱ
ʱ䣬絽Եڤ׻һԶ


1229 
ڤɶԶڤһķΧԵǱǳ
棡
ڤһڣڤɫ
ǵ棬𼶲ε˰񣬾Ȼһ仰͸ˡ
ڶԿеҲǶݣһĻ
ͬһʱ䣬Ǳɫ
⡭
Զ˫ۡ
ΨϾɫ糣һĻһҲ֣ȻǺжǿ
䣡
ڷһƬ׷䣬âƵʮ
еľȣȫͶ뵽ӦС
Ͼ׷ʮսҲҴ⡣
Ҳʱ֮⣬ӰڤأһϢɽ
棡
ڤڣһ⡣
ڤûп⼸ˣʱûȥ죬Ŀϡ
ˣڤ£ܽϷ𿪣Ҳ𼶣
⻰һڤʧɫ
ʲôǸ࣬Ҳǡ𼶵Ĵڣ
⼸𺧡
ƣƮⷽռڣƴңԶĺĻƳնڡ
ºܰͬһƽʼһû˿
ʮָϸᵯͬӻ߳ޱȰڤ𿴹û˿⣬Ŀʼնµϡ
ڤɫȻˡ
Ϸ̫࣬ˣ

һ̣ˣһβǳȥϣȥ
¡¡ģⷽǧ֣Ϊ֮
𼶵Ĵڣһһ˫ΰĺ硣
ϰɱˣ
ɵö¡
һ𼶵ǿɱǵϢĺϾڲ
ѽ
С̫վ¼ͷڤĽȻ˶Էĵ⡣
ϾܵȻ˿Ҳ⡣
ƮڿУ
µĿ֮ڣû
ߣ
ڤĿ̫ˣ˿ҲûнС
һ߹ȥⷭӿһƴâлƶеٳǧΪ֮һɱսһߡ
ȵâ̫ˣֲ˫𶯴أڶе춼һ
һ߶Կ췣һµǸ򣬲Щ
ʵǣʱڤɢĵ̫ˡ
ڤ£ǧâǴ˫¸ˡ
ᣬϴףƮⷽռڣɺܰ
ڤĿɱ⽻֯âѹȥ
䣡
ȵâ̫ˣĲãӣת۱ǱƵ½ǰ
Ȼһ̣ЩԭޱĵâͻأĲԼʶ㣬Ϣ˲ϢɢϱðԾ
ڻá
ôܣô£
ڤһļڤʧɫ
⡭
Բۡ
ڶԿе𺳣ٴ¶ݡ
ǰһĻ̫˷˼ˣЩâڤɱâɱ⣬ɱʱЩâȴͻأԼʶһ㣬ȻڤӳеɱĨȥͬǾһ߷衣
Ҫ֪ʼգ¿ʲôûôվԭضѡ
ǡ

ָоͷ·Ǵһ㣬ֱ廹Ҫš
ڤǶݣĿĺ⡣
ɱâڵ߳Χŵ˷裬̫ˡ
һһɸֲڵڤ⻷ƣһƮɡ
һ޾Ƹ֣޾ɱ⽻֯ǵȿֲѹֱҪƬ綼
һһ絽½ǰɱ۳ɽֱն¡
ﬣ
꣬ƬҪնһ㣬һѷ첻ϸֶ
һգ۱Ƶ½ǰ
ɰѣڤնľɱûκηӦƺûпһ㡣
ˣ
ϣԭڤնĵâʱ𶯣һӭϡ
ȵâޱȴʱжֱӽɱһ£͵顣
ǿ
𺳡
ʱѾ²ĥµĵʮĵʮ͵ʮ׷Ǿݣ˼ĿһĻ𼶵ڤιɱ£һεɱâͣԾڶεľɱâǱһѹȥɱâ£Уʼûκһ
һĻ񾭡
̫ǿˣ
ҵ찡
Ŀ࣬ڤ𼶴ڰ¾վԭδ㣬ɶԷȴκβһ˿һ
ѽ
С̫վ¼ͷ۾ģܿɰ
ʦˣ
ܽ
䣡
̶
ڤһڣѪɫ粻׹䣬ʱ򣬵ʮ׷ٶ¡
ңŵʮ׷ĸʮ֣ʮ֣ڶʮֺ͵ڶһ׷һ֣ٵķΧٴţҲ֪˶ôĵ
ˣ
𶯣Ϣǵض¡
Сӵʣʻޣ⵽ж׷
ۡ
׷Ϊ˻
֮£Ǹĸо׷вȸղŸֲ
̫ľתĸ죬ɫѪڣֻͼӿ֣˸ǿ⡣
һ̣׷һѹ䡣



һı飬һĳݣҽ𣬽նȼ
߶ֻͼĻϢжϣӭµĻ׹⡣
һʱ䣬ڤһƻĸӲơ

ڤͺ𣬷ŭ޵Ķ졣
ڤһɽ٣ڤҪһأȴٵĲӣҲ֪жǿ䣬ʧ̫ˡ
䣡
ڶԿףȫ֣ǿֻͼ׷Ͻ
ͬһʱ䣬ƣᣬͬʥƬؼ䣬ΪṩԴԴս
ڤӱ䣬Ŀʼն£ϵڤͬ绡һ͵죬綼ڲ
Զʤ١
ԶԶĶ£ƺȫɢڤǣ磬޾ɱâƶһƬ֯һһɱ⡣
ȥ˷Ǳɱˣͬľâ
СӣǷ˰
¡
Ļ棬ֲ̫ˡ
ڶԿ٣׷ײʱЩɱҲܣʱܵ˾޴Ӱ죬Ҫѹˣ
ʼڿڣǿһĻĿ΢ƣ䵽ڤϡ
¡
ᣬһҲԵ
һڤɣڿѪӲ׹ȥľɱڵһʱȫ顣


1230 
ѪˮڿУ𼶴ڵѪʱסˡ
棡
ڤһڣڤг̲ס
һ̣⼸ǿڤıסˣ˿£ŵĵɵöĸһƿ־壬궼
⡭
£ƤӾ
ʱڤĿѪ䣬ܶԷϢӰ죬ȫԿѹ췣ͬһʱ䣬̲סڤһ£˸ĺ
ղţǸоĺڤǸƺǵƬǿͿֲ㣬ٶɾˣȴֻƮƮļ־˶Է
𺳡
ҵġ찡
ſڽࡣ
ƣƮⷽУʼհȹƮеӡ
ʼôû˿仯º͵Ȫ档
䣡
׹䡣
ⷽڤһڴưܣ·ϣֻͼ⡣
ʮӵս߶ֻͼʹŹâһʱʮ׷ŵʮ׷ӭϣͬһʱ亳׷
Ҳʱڤ𶯣ڤأϴѪޱ
࣡
ҧûп죬ʱĿϣɱ⾪
¡¡ģϢǣ𼶵Ĳɢʮ
Ϣֲǳѹһ磬ʹطĲһҡһͣܵ˵ڤӰ죬ʵǶԷ̫¡
ڹעٵƣĿƶɨڤ
飡
һ죬ɢſϢڤٴκɣһֱӷʾͷҲ֪طԶˣǷ֮һ㡣
棡
ڤ֡
ʱ򣬼ޱƽ𾳲εڤоˡ
һɣֻͼʮ׷ӭ׷
ԶԶĿ£ٴαµǿ𺳡
ֱ޵У
Ӳûɳһ𼶴ڣȻǰɣָоڿһֻںһ
⣬⡭
͵£Ĵ˸
̫ǿˣǿ󣬵˿ɵ
ѽ
С̫վ¼ͷ
ϾʼպƽΪطµʵˣУڤαشһ㶼⣬һȻı顣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰ𶯣Ľٹһһ䡣
ȫ٣ֻͼҫ۵Ĺâ׷
ԵðһЩת̫ľָһ¡ʵϣΪµĵľһֱ۷״̬ʼû˥ֺ
ǿ󣡡
£Ҳֻô֡
̫ǿˣ
ˣ
𶯣µ׷١
µĻϢѹ£Ѫɫ׵꣬Ҫٵ
Щֲ龪㤡
漴һ̣ڶʮ׷٣Ȼ󣬵ڶʮ֣ڶʮ֣ڶʮ֣ڶʮ֣ڶʮ֣׷һֱ֣ѹ¡

һ죬ⷽռֱӴˡ
һֻͼ𣬸ͨ𣬴Ҳһ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʮӵս⣬սȫ顣
УԼҲˣһ
࣬׷ķǳ죬һһֵ׷Ⱥٶ£һαһοֲһαһκˣҪⷽض
תۣʱȥ
ʱУԽԽ£ѹҲԽԽαµĵ֧ţҲ֪˶ٴΡ
ۣ
һΣըѪˮУȴҲ˵ʮ׷
СӵʼֱǣĻʣүҪ
ӡ
ʾǿֲģκѪֻǰǿݲһ㣬йҪԵȴ̫ˣվһδ󾳽Ҫһ٣ÿһζǿֲˣǾԵġ
٣ʵзëӵּʣֱѡ
ϣ䶯Ѫɫ棬̫ʹ޸
۳µĵ֧ţʱɫҲò԰
񷣬ոڰˣһɫƺһ˫۾סһļµָоƺҪ
ֻһˡ
ק˫ȭ
ΪɽߣⳡȻһĸӦԤеֻһ׷ˣֻҪɹһ׷ⳡپȥɾ͵λ
䣡
һǿڤϢƵʾͷ֮ǰɵڤڴʱ˻ϵϢ˲٣Ȼ˺صĴˣ˫ɱ⡣
棡
ڤһļѾ˳ڤһķΧʱȫӭȥ
ڤĿɭϲſֲɱһߵ¿ȥ
һ࣬Ȼǰ㽫ˣ̫ˣ
ŭģ
ϻֻˣ
ۡ
ʱڤϵϢܿ£ȴһҲ˼ˡ
ӸղŵһĻĻУԿóˣ̫ˡ
ҡ
Ͼ鿴ŶԷſֲɱƹƲƲ졣
ºܰĿֻעڤһڵ١
ˣ
Ҳʱһѹֵ𶯰˻ġ
һ̣طѿˣϷɫУѪףףףɫ䣬š
ͬһʱ䣬һӰ֣ʹͷʿжϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰɲǼ䣬⳾𶯣޾ĵâӿ֣޾ⷽƺһ̾Ҫ߽⡣
ǡ
𾪡
Ȼ棬ʱ٣ڶٵһ׷ˣֲ㡣
ˣ
ڣͬɫʵ䣬ӳһĩ֮
Ƭռһڷ磬̹ǣʣͷƤ顣
ǡ
ǿ𼶵ڤһҲݣֹס˿µĽŲɵϵ׷׷ֲ̫ˣʹǿоһ˿ѹѹֻһ˿׷ǣ𺳣׷ǿ֮£κ˿ԵԻᱻٵ
ˣ
һ罻֯ɵĿֲӰԲԻš
ϢʹϾ鶼üͷ
ˣ
̶ٴκڵؼ仮һ׹⣬ȥޱȵˡ
ѪʱʮսҲһС
һֵ췣̫ˣеĸо
ҧŲϣƿڴ
٣Ϊ˻𣬴һʼûиκ
ˣ
ӿ绮Ʋʮ׷Ȼѹ¡
ֻһ˲䣬ٴκݺһ𣬿ȳһھѪ׷ѹ䡣
ҲʱƵĵʧڤһ⣬¿粽Ϣʧһ̳֮µԣĿͣµܼ׷ȥ
ϸӦ˿µĲȥһŮӣĿԲµĿֲ׷ȴͬʶͣ
һ̣͵𣬾׷һһ飬̼ȫ߽⡣


1231 ̤Ϲ;
ܼٷ飬һǹɢɫתۼָ
첻ɵһǰµĻ׽٣ֻɨһ۱ˣã׹µٸоµĿ£ɢһ㡣
ѽ
С̫۾ģͷԱߣǵĲա
СһѾûмˣʱǳ
ЦСһСԴ
лˡ
µ
еѣҡͷ
վĿͣʼԵúǴӻ߳һ㡣
⣬⡭
ڤһ⣬ڤ
ôµپǰ򵥾ͱ飬УǾû³֡
Ȼǿ𼶵ڤҲǲɵͫһղŵ٣еѹҪֲܷ飬£ȴʲôҲûʹĥ
ܿ£
һ̣ĿǱøӱ䣬ȴǲûֳ֡
ˣ
ϣһ߲Ʒϼ׹£С
С̫Ľ䵽¼ͷ
ºܰûʲôվԱߡ
˸֪ٹ߲ɢâ󣬵̫ľתޣȹâʹѪֵǡ
ʱ䣬ľʼٵɢĵʽ
ĬĬһε߲̺ǳˣڷɿΪѪѪҲڱǿұǿٶȺܿ졣
һۣӹȥ
䣡
һ̣һɸǿϢڳӵۻʳڿۻʵڶء
ңƲûֹס
ֱǰӹȥϢڵۻʵڶ۷
Ҳʱϵ߲ɢȥջָģ
˫ۣоԼ˿̵ΪܸоԼ˿̵ǿ
ۻʵڶ۷壬ۺԵսãȵۻǿ߲
ǿ֮ǿֻ壬ɹôɲĵۻٺսԶԶĳͬĵۻǿߣӵзɵ
ã
̲סеоâ֯
৵ƿϾ顢ͰӵһԱߡ
ָɵˣ
۾
Ǹ콾ʦ治һУ

Ͼƹ԰֮ﵽۻʲΣ޹Ž񣬶죬ʮ۾
һһ죡
һЦȲʦϼһһɶǷϣûôС
⵹ǫ飬˵ʵϾƹǳΪȥǳʣϾƹԿڰ֮ڴﵽ𾳲Ρ
ôˣɵ۵ĸоΣ
ϾЦŵ
ȥͬʮСŮڷ˳䣬ͬľ顣

Ц
ɾ͵ۻʾĸоսǿϣһ滹жƬ⣬࣬شƿǿ˺ܶ౶
ϾһЦˣڻȥɡ
˵ĻȥȻǻصһߵȥ
ð
ֿ¡
ͷ漴һ˳ڤһȥ
䣡
ڤƵһڤͻȻ֯һͨ쳹صڤɱ
ڤʱˣƺһֱ׼ݻһɱ
һɱ󣬿ֲˣɱ⾪ȸղŵٸӿ¡
ϻ
׶
ҲǱɫȻ˵ۻʾǿߣȴǺܴɱ󣬸ǲֵܵˣоһɴв
ⷽɱñȸղŵһٿʮҲֹ궼ھ
ǡڤɱ󣡡
ڤ
ǿɱ󣡡
ڤקȭͷ
ȻɱЩڤ˽⣬ҲǷǳ
¡
ڤƵƬڷŭͬһ
ɱҪ顣
ֲ㣡
һҲߡ
ڤ𿪿ڡ
һ˴ڷɳȻһڷǳǿıϢˡ
һѹ䣬³ԱߵʱֹסŲʼ˱찵вڤɱʱסµˣ泯ǰȥ߶˱ʹطġڤɱ󡱱øӿֲɱ级졣
ѾﵽξϣɱҪɡ

Ŀϣźڵɱ⡣漴һ̣Ŀƶϣ˫Ŀӿտտâ
ȻȻǶ𼶱ĴڶԣֻرԴҲһھء
ϣڤɱ𶯣øӿֲɱ⺧š
⡭
ɵö£ɱֲ̫ˡ
ڤÿһ£ڤɱ󶼻𶯣øӿ¡
һƬĮǸصĵ棬߸ϡ
Ͼ鴦ɱУƽбۿڤ
ƫͷҲűƹڤۡ
飡
ڤɣ֮ǰǱѪӲϵ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬͵ģеڤһһ飬ֲɱһʱʧӰ١
棡
⡭
ôܣ
ڤһļڤ֡
һ𼶴ڣǿڤɱ󣬾Ȼôɡ
񰡡
Ŵͣ͡
һαסĿ𺳵Ŀ¡
Ůӣжǿ󣿣
ѽ
С̫۾ģĳΪ´ǿ
ºܰϾ죬ڤһȥ
ˣ𷢴ˡ
Ͼ
һסȥ
ڤһ켸һ뿪ɪɪ
ôµ¸һߣЩҶ֡
ܿ죬һ˳ʧԶ
䣡
ֲƵڤԵص׳ɫԵޱȲ԰ף˺صˡ
ѵѾߵͷˣȴ˲ɣ
ҧ
Զʱûȥ׷ΪѾʶԼµĶ֡
ϣ桭ڤǣô졣
⼸˶ڤԵúܹԵСͬʱקȭͷΪʱڤһѾΪٳưˣȥ̫ڤʿȥƬڤأһƬ棬ʧ̫ˡ
ͬʱͨǱĹ·Ҳٵˣˣȴ죬˲죬Ϊµǿ󳬳˵Ԥϣֱͬһ㣬ڣǶ޿κΡ
ڤûпƵڤһ죬żԶһ˫ޱ
ǸŮˣǸֻ壡ҧɱŨâŨֿڣ׼ɱ¾һ·ɱȥ
ʲôһ··
ڤʧɫ

⳾һƬ谵һ뿪ڤһ죬ʱѾ߳˼Զ
ƫͷ£ĺ֪Ůӵжǿ
ȻܲĿ⣬ƫͷôˣ


1232 ɽ
ӭµĿ⣬ſڣµжǿľΪΣϾͬΪ𼶵ڤǰһδαɣʵǳ⡣ſںջǾˣôֱʣЩס
ûʲô
Ц
ԵúܰһСȴҲû˵ʲôֻ˵ͷ
һٶȺܿ죬֪˶úƬ⳾ʱλϡ
ȥһƬɽأռһԵû谵ܵųɫ·ǱѪˮȾһ㣬֯һɱ⣬Ե÷ǳϡ
ǰи޴Уɫ·Ҫ˵û
Ƭռ໥ӵͨӡڤ޷ƿ
ķӡǳˡ
н֯⣬ǰķӡѾڵۻʼΣҴڵۻʵڶ۷壬ȻԼӦķӡͨһߣһ̽ǰԶݣԼ䷢ķӡķǷƺڲؼ׳ӡʹķӡԽԽǿ
⡭
Щȡ
ȷӡԲһ㣬ȷʵǵǿ¡
ƫͷ¡
ôǿķӡãӦֻϣڲƻͬж
Ȼ֪˼̧֣еǰ
âӿǰڱãú󣬱ñ֮ǰࡣ
ˡ
Ҳʱ¿ڣһȦâһ֣һ˲ʧ
ڰһ˵Ұһ̣⸡֡
һ˳һԨԱߣȥһУڤ֯
ˣ
̲סһ
ⷽԨΪڤԨڵھϵ߽紦
һ˴һߵķ⳾˻
ڤ֯ȴԶûз⳾ôŨңоȥҲŨ
쿴£ٴΪµǿȣڤκβ˵ķӡǰڲƻӡ£ɴһ߼򵥴ж
̫ǿˣ⡭ֻΣ

£ЩˣֻǴ𾳸߶ȣ
ܲĿ⣬ƫͷôˣ
ܰҲᣬͬһ㣬ȥǳ
ûʲô
ҡͷ
û˵ʲôֻͷ
һ뿪طڤԨؽ硣
Ǵ߽ܴɽʲôʿӰ޶١
дŵ΢⣬ʱ꣬ˣ˵۾ЩɱֻرԴЩŵˣҪȥһһݷã
ʲô
Ͼڷ䣬죬ʵ
ʲô
Ц
ʲôϾ˾䣬漴¶Ц£¿죺ոն٣ҪȥСͣĻܲԸոնٵһЩȻȻķŻľʹΪȹ̡
һ㶣Ǻܲȥͣ
ɵƫͷ¡
ӭĿȥ𣿡
ᣬ͡
ȥ
ͷ
ϾȥȥҲ㿪ڣȻԥ
ѽ
С̫վ¼ͷԵЩ졣
н֯΢⣬ǿµ֮ʲôȻ뿴
£йâ֯һ̴һʧһƬ
Ƭ򣬸ɽΡ룬Ũ
򡣡
쿴ĵطǵھĶϱĴĶ
ûǶ򡣡
Ĵǳ˽⣬һ۾Ϳ˳
Ͼ鿴һһâڳٻԶת۱ʧ
Ƭдʵӷ⳾صߵ磬ʵ˾ӡ֪ʵһļۼԪԼѾȻĻع顣
߰С£ȥǡ
µ
ҲС
»Ӧ
䣬Ϣ䣬һٴʧ
һ̣һ˳һɽ䣬Ũˡ

һ
ƿѾۻʾ磬ǳˣʱоⷽɽĲһɽͬһͷͷŴǵ̫ΰˣ𺳣д˵еסطһ㡣
ߵһɽ壬̫ˣͬʰ㣬Ҫǿա
Աߣ¶ݣ⣬ǡɽ
ڵھľŸ֪ɽ֮һǾŸΪһУڹżпɽһЩʱһʱ˳طƺǸɽ
ҲǶݣ֮ǰ˵ɽɵÿºϾ顣
Ǹɽ
ɽһɽˣҵҲطɵۡ
ϾȻܿھɡ
Ǿ˼֣¾ȻɽˣϾ龹Ȼɵۡ
ҲǵۣȻ¾סˡ
ºܰһɽ䣬ߵȥ
УʱʱһƬɽȻϢ飬ȴµĴƣĳЩطֻҪһע⣬ۻǿ߶˲
´·úߵ塣
ܼʯ̨ףһ·ϣƽγɰʮȣ͵ˡ
ºϾǰûãһ˵嶥

嶥紵Ũ
ܱ鲼Ÿֲ꣬ǽɹ⣬ɫɢž˵ķ㡣
Щ
¶ɫ
˾ƬҶӵĵΪҶ澳һС̨׵ΪֵˣȴһƬ˿ǿ׳Ϊð벽ۻۺ죬ȴһƬÿһ϶кͮͮһСݵأһƬɫҺ壬һЩճԣǴ˵еĵѣ׼ǿֱۻʾ
ڣ꽻֯ı꣬һҶ룬һ֦ͬɻˣһ忴ȥͬһ飬ֱǴ˵е벻ҩɻʥҩ꣬ǿʮ䣬ǿ߶ݡ
ңȴЩϡı⣬оһĵϣȵƮڿУǧ֯ںϢǳ飬ʹڵԼ׳һ˿ĸƽȣΪ͵ת۾ιһЩ
⡭
סˡ
Ŀ࣬ϵЩ꣬ˮ̲ס˳
ϣֱǱ
ңͬʱǸоž˵ĵϣڽΡ
ôĵطɣ
Ͼ鿴죬Ц˵
ͷ̲סЦֹǲ
һطһݣֱһʮɵء
˵ţƽºܿƽϾѾڵۻʾ
ܣ˶٣Щ棬ʵɽأ
ӽɽڣһɽĵӶûпЩ֡
ô˵Ҳǲɵ˹
˵ôɽƺһֱûеô£
Źֵ
Уɽ⣬һǾݳƷǳǿҴӲ뵽κδȥǣû˼һеӳɽԴ˺ܺ档


1233 Ŷ
ɽ⣬Щ棬ЩŹֵĴܡ
һɽĵӶ
ӣϾ£͵ɽһʱֻˣûӡ
ʲô
ۡ
Ҳ¶ɫɽȻһʱҲֻˣ
û뵽ɽȻôһ
һʱˣȻܸ߾ӾŴ󶥼֮һǡ
ȣɽĺֲܿ
뵽һɽ޵д͸ľˡ
桭¡
˿Һ
С̫ѽԶ֪ʲôʱСһ¼ͷ˳ȥʮö鱦̵Ľš
һʱ䣬˱ǣⷽУǳ嵭Щľȡ
Сһүһö
Ƥܺ
С̫ĺܣ৵Ķһ
ͶҪЦѿˣſھһһöŨĻ
ɽεƮܣϡ
ⷽΡɽһСԺʱΧŲɣ⣬ºϾУԺһСľˮݺһ衣
貢󣬷ǳͨȷʹõĲãȴŨ
쵭дŵĲ㣬ƺǵ
ַǳõĸоֻǵһСڶѣΪȹ˺ܶࡣ
ɣ
Ͼ
ܲ
ͷ
ǳһڣζ
£ǲ뵽³ʵǿ⣬Ҳôɫ
С̫ȥˣСԺ졢Ͼ¡Ͼ鿴ı飬Ȼ֪ʱʲô˵ʣʣΪС죬Ҫһ㲻ĵطǾǡ̫ˡ

¿Ͼ顣
Ͼ͵ЦС¡
ǲ˵ˣΪ衣
ƮⷽСԺת۱һʱȥ
ˣ𣬾ǸʲôΣ
¡
֪ǵۻͷĳνȴǲ뽫ŪЩ
ۻʾط־ŶΣŶΣΡ
µ
лһĨ΢⣺ۻʾͷŶΡ
µĻܼ࣬ȴҲ˵ۻʵھС̨׻ΪŶθϸľ磬ۻʵھߵͷϵһΣﵽۻʾ۷һΣνĴﵽΣڻһΡڵۻʾ۷һκÿһСΣʵǻøǿ
ν𾳲ΣԭۻʾڵĻ֣Щӡ

ΣԭҲŶΡ
ͻȻڷ⳾ʱǸڤƺᵽΡĸ֣Ǹʱ֪ʲô˼ȴˣԭ
ʱĺܿ죬ģɫˣǳ׺ǿϡ
СԺƮŲ㣬졢Ͼ˺ܾãԺȹһҹ
ܿ죬ҹĻɢȥ
峿ʱ֣ɽϵŨĲҲˡ
ʱɽ´ɽ߹طֻǼ򵥵ߣҲоԼĵڲϱȣպ󣬵ۻʵڶصΪ
漴һۣɽϴһ¡
һ;ʥڤڰĵʬΪٴεͻƣӵۻʵڶ۷ﵽ˵ۻʵ죬ۺսǿࡣ
תۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬¸׼ȥ
ҪȥһЩ¡
ºܰûʱ
һóС¡
ϾЦŵҪʱɽչء
Цָ
£ǻģ
С̫վͷµ
ϴ͵ЦС̫֡
һ죬С̫ɽú뿪ɽԶ
ڶ򣬿еǳŨһɽΡ롣
ԼʱһɽȡһװһЩǻҡ
ЩǻȡⷽĴɽУŷƮܡ
ǰҴˡ

ǵڷ⳾ƬʬħɷĹǻңԷΪڤߵ飬ΪǿȡӡǴͨʱ䣬ڷ⳾򣬻ɷȴУǱʶȴʼصƬϡ
ӷ⳾ضԷĹǻң֮ⷽɽУԷƬء
ǻƮɢɽ
Ϣ
ЩɢڴɽڵĹǻңдЩ΢⣬һ֣غ𾴡
Ϊ˺ɵνңΪԼֻΪԼ˺ѸΪȴޱȾǰ͡
ˣƵӢۣˣӵĴǡ
ǻȫرԭض˶٣ĬĬһǴ漴ת뿪
ܿ죬뿪ɽԶ
Сӣȥģ
ʵ
ȥݷһЩˡ

ˡҧķǳأдһâ
Ĺལʥ̺ħڵȼζԸ϶ȡžʹףֻʱ¶ʱǿһ˳ҪȡֻرԴһѣ£һֱûǣʼռΪᱻѹ
ʱ꣬ΪۻʾˣȻҪһ㡣뵽ȡֻرԴһսĵˣЩŵĵˣҪһȥݷá
ɲɵʱı飬ɲǼ֪ʲô
ҪƷĽడۣкܿ¶տտ⣬ʹĴצӣٺȻЦүϲֽ࣡
ѽ
С̫վͷצĽԵЩ˷ǳ
һվȥģ
ʵĦȭơ
н֯âġ
˵ţͻȻ΢طϷ¶Ŀâ
ôˣ
ʵ
Ϸƹ˸۲֪Ũ
ȥ
˵
һֱ̣˺ѷ죬С̫Уʧԭء
һ۵ĺڰٴγ֣վһƬɽϿգоâŨ
ȥƬɽȺռؼ㣬˵徿жŵɽǧ֮ࡣЩɽȥȴǷǳͨɨӣɽȺڵҲǳһ㣬û˿ֵóƵĵطһ޶ûмͷ

ʵ
ȥƬɽȺͨĲͨͷЩɽûʲôͻȻܵһƬɽȺϿ۴âĶɽȺЩ档
ͨ
춢·
ͨ

𡣡еľâǳŨ˸⣬һִֻϣһȦȦƹûڣʹͫҲһƣء
ɣ³·ɽȺȥʱһ
⣬ǣ
ֱ˫ۡ


1234 ʥظ
ۣݵԵһת޸ʱʹͫҲ֯ƣһɽȺֱӲһˣ濴ȥͨصȥʱȴǿԿһСţԼҲ;ŴңâȴŨޱȣźԶҲܸоϵĿֲܣԨƺ
⡭ǣ
𺳡
СֻоŴ磬ǳСȴܼĹ룬
ȥһС
òǸǸ
Ķ·Щ
оâ貣Ԫ
ŴСڵصʮ£⣬ͬһԴڵĵصյһƬһɢܣƬĶء
桭Ǹ˵еԪȻ
ֱֱĶ·
ͱҪǿʢ࣬ԭԹдԣΪƬ۳һԪþⶫʹöҪŨࡣһֱ֪ʱⶫԪĲ²⣬³Ԫ֣ʱ
Ԫǿ൱۳Ĺʵųֵ֮УԿͬʱȻʥҩٿʹþŸۻǿ߽ʮ꣬ľ񣬾Ƥӵ£
Ԫûģ
ǳ϶
ɽƣټ֮˵ۻʾ磬ڵ۾죬ʱȶȻһ۾˳
ŵص׵ԪоâŨͬư㣬ʹÿ𶯡
⣬⡭𺳣ԭԪĲ²⣬ټ֮ƿĵۻʼ϶Ȼκһ˿ĻɣԾǶ˵еԪصԪ˶٣һ˿ɻ󣬵ǣԪⷽɽȺ֮£ɽȺΪȴһҲŨ
ѾɵصµľŴСԪȴǺɻ
˵۳Ԫⷽص£ⷽɽȺӦñκεطҪŨŶԣԳһʥطĿеŨȴǷǳһ㣬ǵԣȫ˵ԵЩ졣
ΪѹƣԪرð

ۣ˫ͫƻƣת֯˵ԡ
ۻʾ۸ǿˣ㲻ʩչƣҲܿƬɽȺĲһ㣬ǧɽһƣѹܡ
֮ء
˵
Ĵƶ鲻κѹƣûʲôӰ죬ȴΨѹִڣȴƵĴڣͬһȻǣԪɢɽȺڡ
¡
ĵƣѹ
ۡ
֮治С

̫嫣ûͷؼ䣬κ¶пܡ
˵ͷȷʵǣ֮治С
·ܿ¶տտ⣬ˮʲô֮治УԪˣСӣϽģڳȣ
ԪͬѰͨĵۻʶҶвͻ³ǣ첻һΪǿֻ壬ڵۻ죬ƿɽƵƿޱȴ죬ţԿԺȡԪ
ⶫֵ죡
춢·Ԫн֯â
ȷʵԽⷽԪȡô
ΪԴȪʹá
˵
һ㶣ԴȪ˵ţн֯âСӣ롭
ͷһʥأ
еľâʱʢЩ˷ܡ
У
קצӵ
ʵȷʵԴһʥˣΪǵԴ㹻ḻ
Ҫ֪ǰǴ͵õԴڷ⳾ڤڰ죬Ǹǵõһڳأ챦׼챦ʥ龧ҩžֶͨӦоУҶܷǷ
ǿߺʵѾʮڵۻ죬ǿֻ壬С̫Ҳǳۻʣټ֮ϾƹʦϾã޵еĴڣһǴ̣ԻһӦʿǰͶͼ룬ֱӾܳΪʮĶ
Ҫֻ̣ȱʵʥظǰⷽԪʾʵʥظǿ䰡֮Ϊʥصĸ൱ʥۣ֮ʥظ԰ʮ
ôţ˷ܷǳ漴ɻ˵Ԫ˵Ҫط̣طǷ֮ԪȡôԪɢͻطķ֮أɢر֮
֮ѹ·ֻЩĶĵƣһ·֣ʹԪɢɢرңʼսԪ򣬸Ԫй¶ʹԪֻƬɽȺ
ﵽۻʵ죬ƿſĵһ㡣
һǰһ
ã
̲ס˷ܵĺ
һʥأ£ȷʵֵü
ڿʼŪ
졣
ҡͷȰݷ굱ЩˣȻҪһ˵һ򣬺ʦһ£Ȼ׼˵⻰ͬʱиֳӰ꣬棬ѩҹѾֿܶˣϦǡ
У߰ɣȥݷЩ˵Ǽĵ̣ȫ
Ц
ڵˣһԲʲô˼ֻݺݵĴ
жݾ͸ɶݣ
ͷȴû̾뿪ǽ䵽·ɽȺڣطǰһһ󣬽ɽȺСǰⷽɽȺµӡǣĵط̵ĵط
һУн֯âֱطһ޴ѷ졣
ߡ
˵С̫뵽Уգʧط
ۻ˺սƶѾʲô¡
һ̣ݵĺڰɢȥһƬµϣ
ɽ㣬һһд̣УλıǻĹʥ̣ʮĶУŴǿ֮һ
˵ǰ˴󶥼֮һˣΪͬĶ񳯣ڵѾ٣һöըУС̫󼸸ɱۡ
ĵھֻʣ˰˸
ʱ첽Ƭ򣬱ΪĹʥ̶
ͼȡֻرԴҪƹȥ
ȥĹʥ̣
ʵѾĦȭơ
Ĺ



1235 ֻ
˺ѷ򣬳ƬıλȥſʦһλʮǿСĹҪһһȥݷáЩ͸ˣһվͶΪĹ׼
ߡ
˵ٴ˺һѷ죬С̫Уתʧ
һ̣ٴγ֣һ嫵ɽ⡣
ȥǰɽȺԺΡ룬һƬƬܼҽ̻Ի͵ĵУ̺һϣ·ɽ㣬ڸ߿з衣
٣
˫ۡʮļ֮һĹ
ԶԶĿǰǹһĨЦƬ̣Ƭȥ
ʱͽУٶȴҲܿĹǰ
Ĺǰһɰһ̻Ի͵ĵȥΡ룬ӵһԣҴһӺصϢ
Ȼеޱƾá
ʲôˣ

Ĺ⣬صĵӷ쿿Գֳìǰ
һ̣⼸òһʱ䶼ɫ
ֻ֡壡
⼸˲
ڵھ򴳳ͺʢѹͬ޵Уնɱʥӣһٵ񳯣պգֻʱ¶һǿĵۻֻرԴͬʱҲһۣվŵǿҲʣϾƹ޵е£ν¡
һۺﵽһ¸߶ȣھҲû˲֪족֣ʿ̸ʱԻΪ֮ļ£ͷη塣
⼸Ȼһ۾˳ˡ
㡭룬롭ʲô
һۺھһһǿ߶֮ŨŨļɵΪվŵļ̫££һϵˣûκ˸ǡһۺȴĪʧټһ궼ûԻӰʱ⼸˶ǱŵĲᡣ
ʲộ
Ц
ôһ˵ĵӶĸ죬Ȼ̣
̣ƮڿУʹ⼸Ĺӱøӿ־塣
㣬㡭
˺ˡ
⼸ΪĹĵӣƽĺܣôһɱֱӶ֣ȴǸңΪվǰ죬Ϊ֪ǳǿΪ֪վϵ޵дڣһ޵վ󣬾ǻĹҲҪɵη塣
쿴⼸ˣû˿Եúƽ泯ǰȥ
㡭
⼸Ĺӿ־壬ʲôҲһĺˡ
ܿ죬ǰ⼸˵˻Ĺ֮ڡ
ƽĹͥ뵽Ĺ֮С
һӻԻͣµϢŨÿһ϶ӡƣӽ֯ͬжڽ֯š
ǲͥǸʲô
Ĺͽ࣬˿ͥĵУüڡ
󣬵˳Ĺڵ⼸ͥĵӵĿȥӻĹ߽ʱелĹͽ
ֻ֡壡
Щ˺Ǽͥĵһ֣˵ŵŵԭغˡ
ʱ꣬ٴγ֣Ĺ˶ڿ־塣
ֻ֡ˣ
˳ŻĹȥֵĴС
תۼ䣬ĹһĹͽȺ˳ɵţĳϣǿİ벽ۻʣҲ׼ۣԴžݡ
ֻһɲǣĹĵӣϺϵĴȫ˳
ûȥã߳Щ˱Ƕ죬һɫ䡣
ֻ壬ˣ
ֻ壬ʲô
һ˳
ŻޱƽۻʾΪĹһϵˣΪǿ󣬵ʱ죬ɫȴǺܲÿûƽռΪĹ֮ϡΪǰһۣʱ¶վŵһ¶ʵ£һ󴫳д֮ޱȼɵ
ǻĹΪ˶ȡϵɱ죬ңһڵȥȡֻرԴνԹʱͻȻֱ֣ӴطԻĹ޾⣬Ȼ߲ͣƣʹûĹɫѿ
̣
Ц֮ͬǰһ㿪ڣһҲ
ƽûпڣٲȻĬĻ
ʹûĹһڳϡִºͽҲһ־ŭ
ֻ崳ĹˣȻҪǻĹ
Ĺ֮죬죬ҳϣǼ˶ǿǸŮӡᵽ£˲һϾǿϵĴڣ޵еĴʣֻһ룬оͲһɿ־塣
촽£ƽеĿ־壬ֽſڣǼ˺ǿһĹԸǣҲ˶̫֣֪һĹɵĲ㣬ǼˣΪǼվžʹһĹҪ̣̤һĹϣƵ̫ûʲôô
㴳һĹҪһĹѾǷ˱֮ǧУǼ˵ϣ֮һĹԹ㣬£һĹ͵ûзڣԼ˳ȥ

ʱ죬ʵĺѹ죬ѹ󣬿ԵõɱȱžԵõֻرԴǿΪأңܹһ㣬´ʱļվһͷۼСޣĹڣҲа취ӦԣΪǻĹɱͷһȫѹۻʾµκˡ
ǣңΪǼ̫ǿˣҪٶ춯ֶǼˣǾԻĶѣǻĹ޾£ޱ񣬵ȴҲܵסǼˣֻһ£ֻ̧ٵǡ
߰ɣ

쿴ˣˣʼպƽٴοڣˣȥɡ
£𶯣һ͸ĽɲǼᴩ˵üġ
ѪüĹ֮ĵأϢ˲ʧӰ١

лĹĳϴУ
ͬһʱ䣬طĹͽ˶¶֮ɫ
ǻĹˣޱƽۻʾȻڻĹڣһնɱ
˶죬ŵŵɵĺˡ
٣
Ц
ƽƫͷͷС̫
СһȥţӣֱӸɱ
˵


1236 Ƕ
ĻС̫ѽӦͷ뿪ڿյ֮ϡ
Ͽմ·Сһ۾鶯
⣬⣬⡭
ĹһͽֹסķϵС̫־ֱֻֿ֡ӿĹɱһĻĹȻͷۻʼСڲϣκҪߵˣֱӸɱٲȻ̰
˿־壬ͷƤ飬ŵŵɵĺˣȻһЩ׼ۼǿ϶⣬Ϊڸղţһͽޱƽۻʾĵն˰
սЩ˶ԣ̫¡
㣬㡭
һЩ׼۾㤡
ʱֻ꣬øֲˣǿ־塣
ˣǲʮĶ𣿡
̡
ʹطһڻĹͽһɫǺܲ԰׺ѿ
ƽʱ̧ͷĹĴ
һ̣ǿĵӿӰӻĹĵһΰڿԵЩϣת˴
̫ϳǣ
׼ǿ߽гһ˿ϲæ
ͬһʱ䣬ĻĹͽԸ
Ҫ̣һնɱĹһϵĵõۻʼС̫زϲκˣѹЩĹͽͷ־壬ʱһۻʼ̫ϳϳ֣Щ˶ɻЩ
ϰˡ
Ц
ʵҲǿ󣬿˳ߣΪǴڵۻʵ졣
Ĺ̫ϳ߳۵ڵϵĻĹ֮ʬ壬۲ϵСֽ̫Ŀ䵽ϣ˵ɫôÿ
Щ̫֣
һ˺
ˣһ£һŻۣһͷַΪǳǿ
죬ɱ⣬㴳ĹɱһϵˣʵĹϣǴ𡣲ȻˣҲ̫ĶԴ죬Ϊļǿɵǳη塣
֣һδεңͼȡɱͼȡҵֻرԴڲһһѡ
ƽ
ͷβûκһ˿ʧ
ߵ
ûʧΪʵǿǻĹ̫е˼ǣΪ̫ûʧҾ͸ԭǣ̣һͣȥˣ֪ܵĻҲܹ˵ĳͲӶˣ
ɫʱһһ󱲣Ȼô˵һͻȥˣʹеɭ⣬̲סקȭͷ춯֡վ̲ס˳嶯ʵǶǼ˼ɵĺܡ
ôһĹɱһĹһϵˣвˡǼ˵ϣһĹ׷Σ߰ɣ
ߺ
뿪
һ˵
˶ɱŨ˴ܷŭϵžֻرԴڴѹһУǣȴվʲôΪվŵǼʵ̫ˣ£ǲ˿ŭ
ƽԻ뿪
ܵʹø
߿ڣдɱâ죬̫ٻûǼˣʲô϶ҵڿǼ˵ϲŶã𡭡
ৣ
ƿ𣬴˵Ļ
ɲǳǰֱ̧֣һ¡
ž
һĶֱӺɣݻѪˮƮڿС
һ˲䣬˽𺧡
⡭
̫ϳϣȻ
ôܣ
һڻĹͽֹסĲһ̫ϳϿǵۻʼΰȴȻһƾ͸ĺɣѪˮ³ݶ˼ţ
̫ϳҲһΪһĻ
¡
񱩵ӿ𣬺ɵֹסΣŭĶ죬ɱ⡣
죡
õۻʼǿߣ꣬ȴȻһ󱲳һ⣬ǵͽͽһ⣬ݶ˼ţ̫衣
৵һƿٴٴγǰһƳ
ž
ٴκɣµ䣬춼Ѫĭӡ
ʱ䣬ڳٴʧɫ
⣬⡭
һڻĹͽ
죬һ̫ϳϵڶ⣡
⣡
ǵ̫ϳϿǵۻʼΰ˵һΪǵ̫ϳϴУôڶΣ뵽£뵽ǵĵһնɱЩĹͽһĸ죬׶ǿˣ

۾һۣȻ˳⣡
һ̶죬۹ӿɱâ֯һͷ˵Ұް㡣
ϢЩˣǳֲʹĹӶںˡ
ϣ
˶죬ҧɱŨ
һʱ䣬쫷ƵԵЩˣۻʷڷ
ǰڷĿҰڶߵĿƽЩм
ղŵǶ⣬ûжüֻΪ߳󣬷ĻǿȣֱӾܽԷϡá
Ϸߣˣۻʼתâ֯
һ̣һɾ춯صĵۻѹӿͬѹ˲ѹе۹⣬ʹĹζ񷶼ҡ
̼䣬˽Աɫ
ۡ
˵ۻʾ磿
⣬ô᣿Źȥ갡ǰ죬Ȼ
˺Ȼ
Ȼһ̫ϳҲɫ䡣
ۻ죡
ɢۻʼѹ⼸˲ľΣֻǿ˵ۻʲΣǿ˵ۻʵ죬ΪһҲǲ
ʱѣ쾹Ȼﵽ˵ۻʵ죬Ǻεٶȣһ㣬Ŷ󣿽вʮѣʮʹﵽ˵ۻʵĸ߶ȣǺεʷϴδ
㡭
˸֮ǰŭϷߣһҲԺ
ʮﵽۻʵ죬Ǻεȵ죿
ң뵽챾ǿֻ壬˾͸Ӿˣһۻǿ壬սøж£øжֲ
¡
ⷽռںھ۹ƣͬһŵ۰㡣
ηˣǳ֣ɲأԸǣǵ֡ĮĿˣ֮ǰһ£һͱɱδ̫Ȥ
ƽۻԽ֯ĻĹ̫ϳϸɫѿ
һ̣֪ˣۻʾѹҪһ
ҧֻǿۻʾѣֻ壬Ҳ̫
ৣ
ƿٶӰγǰٶȿ쵽¡
ˣ
Ƭ̮
һΣֱӻӶȭ޵еȭʮĺ¡


1237 ޵
ȭƳ죬Լͷ𣬽¡
˵һͬʥı죬ʮȫסˡ
㡭
ߴڵۻ죬ֲһȭȴһɿ־ĸоñæ֮䣬ֻ˫۽ǰ
Ҳʱȭͷѹ¡
һ˵˫ֱӱҵķ飬һ̣ȭͷؿڣؿڹᴩͬһڿУѪˮ졣
һȭ䱬

һ̫ϳϲ¶ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬һһͽ֣ɪɪһ̫ϳϣһۻǿߣ꣬񣬾Ȼһȭ
ôôᡭ
׼ۼǿ߶£ŵŵɵĺˡ
ɱĺã
Ц
ʱѾڵ˸߿գС̫һ𣬹עŻĹڡ
С̫ѽĽ鶯Ĵ۾һգһգĶ·һģ
ۻ⽻֯ƽɨ̫ϳϡ
ֻ壬ۻֻ壬µ٣սԶԶͬʿԻȭһɱһͬĵۻʣֱˮһ򵥡
Ŀһ̫ϳϣһǰȥ
ʱ䣬ͬʱһ̲סһ
죬ҪһĹΪУ
Ǹҧ
ûʲô仯ǳƽƽĮȥ
ʹһ̫ϳϵɫøѿ׵׵Ŀ˳첻֣ܰҪǻĹ
ȻˣǾͲҪҵˣ
еĺַߺ
˵ţ˺ͻ߶һۣԽӡǿɽ緢
ʮɱ
˵ͺȡ
¡¡ģմ𶯣ĹڣһһƸֶһһɵĿֲ֯ʵʣ⣬⣬׵磬һȸֻԵ֣طĲ񷶼Ϊ֮ɫֳܼѺۡ
@#ۻʰ۷ǿˣ
ϣɫһ֣Ҳ֪ж٣壬ÿһǾŽ۷εĴɱһɱʵ̫ˣͬС̫ҲһУʹ۶﷢ë
С̫ɫ⵴һɫ磬ԼһУʱܼܵɱ֯ľɱâӰ졣
ڷ⳾䣬;г˯һΣ˯ʱѹΪȻڵۻʾ۷壬ǿǳֻС벽ܿ뵽Ρ
䣡
Ĺɱâһӿ粻ĺˣܽһл
һĹʮɱȫת
ۻʾ֮£κ˶ֵܵס
λ̫ϳϣҪҪɱֻ𣿣ѵİǼڵŭǾԳܲİ
һڻĹΪԼһǿɱȺϲΪһĻֻţΪԼһ̫ϳϳ׶ɱģҪжǺ£ɱ죬ǵǼ˱ŭʲôȥֵ
䣡
ɱ纣˷ޱȵĺˡ
ȻҪǵһĹΪУҲͱҵˣˣ
ߺһ̫ϳҲĿɭȻ
ǼɵǼˣηǼˣ֪ɱһֻȴû˱ѡΪȺɱһĻĹˣɱһۼǿߣҪɱǻٻĹ£ֻܶ֡
ɱ
ɭȻⲻսǾɱ죬ȡУǼˣǴɱĹȻžֻرԴ޵޵֮ٳ֣˵ܲһ貵δ
ֻһ·ˣ֮£ֻѡ·
䣡
˽֯ܵɱøӿֲɱɱ졣
һʱ䣬ⷽռøӿֲˣ⣬š
촦ܼɱм䣬һʱܸо˼Ϊµɱȴ˿Ҳ⡣ǾŽ׼Ŀʦڵۻʵ죬ǿֻ壬ЩĿɱԣ㲻ʲôв
ƽûκλڣһתŵɨܡ
ʱ͵һϣϵܼɱһķ顣
תۣطɱ˲١
㡭
Ĺ̫ϳɫ
ЩǻĹ޾ۻǿ߿ӡµһһľɱžɱȻκβ죬˿̾Ȼһ߽⡣
ɱԸңǴ̡
ƽ
һת֯һһľɱĨ

һһڵӾ㤡
ôľɱһȻκβֺ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ⽻⣬罣âնܣת۱ɱ
ӭһ̫ϳϣϣͬڳ顣
ǻĹʱǿʦڹһڲúν֮ƿʮıݣ󣬿ӡ
һ߱ˣһ߿ڡ
֪Ĺڹʮ죬ͬʱҲ֪һ㣬ǱǣĹĲδ֮ʵһѪ꣬һ޾޹ΪԴңۼһĸ߲ԲֶڵһռѪ꣬һʧȥԹѪ꣬޹ձıɱ
ˣӱĮҾ˵һ죬һĹһˣٵǵĲ˵󣬿ӡʲôط
һ죬ΪԼҪٻĹͬʱҲҪٵ
֪Ĳ٣Ϊǻ𣡡
ߺ
ն
һ̫ϳĿⶾѾǶ˱ɱ֮ġ
һ̣˽ӡĹ¡һ漴ĵһλóһ˱鲼ƵӵĹʼһֱɢ˵ĵۻѹһŵĵۻʾǿ߿˳һ㣬ޱˡ
ȻǻĹ۷챦죡

ҡҷһһĻͬˮư㵴֮
۷弶챦ƺˡ
ѹ
˶쿪ڣޱȱ䣬߶죬ѹ¡
ʱ䣬ֲĲӿһҡܼѷ첻ϳӡ
ɫĮ¡һһڳһӡԻԽȻڷ⳾챦ӡƷ챦
漴һΣѾ챦߱ɹһ֣ۼѹǿᡣ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģ챦߶ԿرƣֱӽĹɨĺɡ


1238 
һɣŴ߶ĻߺͺַһⴴԴڿѪܵصķɡ
㣡
˲¶һ˿㤣쾹Ȼͬʱƿ챦Ҷ
ͬһʱ䣬ĹڣһڻĹͽһǿ챦޾£ۻǿߺƿأȻ˲Ǳɨɡ
⣬⡭
Щп־壬ʱֻ꣬壬ȻѾֲ˳̶ȡ
ȻЦ죬ǵۻʰҲǶ֣Ըۻصˣͬնһ򵥣Է۷챦ҲС
ۻԽ֯Ѳ£һŻߺͺַ߱ȥ
ǲ˵ҲûϵһԼ
Į
䣬৵һӰԭʧһ̳ڻǰֱֳ̧ŶԷץȥâʮա
죡
˴𣬴߶쳯ѹ£иâ֯Լס
ͬһʱ䣬һߵĺַҲһ֣һ߶ʹϢøӿ£Ӳ֮£ͷ­



ʱ䣬ܵһ飬ܿ¡
ûκε仯챦ڿرĲ£ӭ졣
챦Ų۹⣬ڿرת±ޱǿᣬԺɨʮ
һٴαɨɡ
ңҲʱֹסѹߵĹƣһʧڻǰһ̳ڱɨɵԱߣֽ֯ͼֱѹȥ
죡
ɫ䣬һĵۻʵ⣬ɱȥ
һߣַǶݣæ߶ǿɱȡ졣
ɨһۣһչʮ֯ӭˡ
䣡
񱩵ײâ֯
ߺͺַ߸ԺɣڿѪϸֳѷ졣

һߣҡҷıʱѹâ죬Ҫȥ
ϢȻߺͺַߺ߶ʱҪǿ࣬ʮա
ߣͼһأ໥ӣâǣͬʱͬΪ챦ӡ߱ɹҲ貵۹⣬ѹһѹ졣
𣡡
귢ͬҰް𣬽֯ӿֲĻɱ⡣
ɱǳˣȻȴת۾ͱͼֱһɶ
Įӡ߱ɹ£ͼһݵڣʹзһ̶ĲҺһαƬա
漴һ̣ðֻеâƣڿг

ߺͺַ߷۾ˡ
Ǹоˣڵı걻ĨˣһĴ챦ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬һһڵͽҲ챻ˣΪʱȫ԰Ҳû֮ǰֿϢΣԶ׼һ̫ϳʧȥ˶ƿȨ
һ۷챦
з⡣
۷챦ɲټÿһڵļֵǷǳˡ

ߺͺַ߽𣬳ȥ
ߣֱһƳ
飡
飡
ߺͺַͬʱѪɣֱӷ
ǴڵۻأôܻͬȼֻĶ֣̫Զˡ
쿴ˣϴԼľӡ漴ֱӳ¡
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬˿ֲ̳飬ֱĺַըһ顣

Ĺһͽ־壬һһۻʼ̫ϳϣնˡ
ңǡ
һ̣һЩ׼ۼǿ߶ֻˣֹס¡
۹⽻֯Ĩɱַߣ˻ߵ
Ϊڲ£Ҫϵ֪
գһǿ絽ַǰ챦붯ֱӽѹ
Ҫʲô
߲־ֿŭȴһҲûУѲˡ
첻֮ϻǿֱûԷʶѰ֪¡
֮󣬴ԼȥʮѰڲһУ˻ʶ
߸Ӿŭ㡭
ֱ̧֣һƽĵķѣͬʱһĨ
ˣһۻʼ̫ϳȫĨɱ
̧ͷĹú챦ֲâĵ۹ҰһֱӺһͨĹĵ·ڵر޴Ĺе绡ڿž졣
һ˹ȥٶȿ쵽㣬תĹ
һƬƽأԲޱߣܱûһľȥ
ĿĮȥֱʮ󣬿ѹڽ֯ͬ˻֮ǳ̶·ǰǵһ㡣
ֹȥͣǰľˣǲŨɷһѪɫƱ鲼ڵرУҲ֪˶ôķΧΪҪǣУһѪ˻ģһƬԾж٣ǣԲʮ
һ⣬ЩѪ궼࣬гĺˣഺ꣬лŮСͯӤѪڵ֯ŵԹŨҵˡ
@#⣬һռν֮Ⱥյģ
˵ʱʱڲϣһֱڹעĶʱȻһĻҲɵۡ
ֱ̫ѪȺͲˣ
⵽׵ǶôԣܹĵһռôѪꡣ
ѽ
С̫ɴ鶯Ĵ۾
۹⽻֯Ѫ꣬һЩһ̨鲼Ѫɫ䣬һУƬռڵѪֱ꣬ɢϢˣԵЩɲ
Ĺ棡ȻҲˣϲģЩѪַ¹Ϊ
ĹǰȡֻرԴʱȻһ۾˳ʱ򣬻Ĺ汻½Ϊӵۻʾ۷䵽˵ۻʵڶ죬ȴѾ˵ۻΣѪĽ򣬲ָܻô졣
ϲģ𣡡
ĥ
޹ѪУʵ̫ˣûһԡ
øˣˡ
ѪɫƣѾ֪ЩƺǻĹ޾׼Ĳ󣬿ֲǳ
ʱǰӱһŻĹȥɱ⡣
ҲʱУ̨ϵĻĹ˫ۣѪâһţ˫۶ЩѪ죬ֱĶ졣
ֻ壡
˻죬ͬס㣬һɼΪֲϢ֯ĲضƺҪ̮顣


1239 
Ĺе̨ϣϽɷͬħһ㣬ɳˡ˫ĿЩѪ죬ͬһĹۣһ֮С
ô
һֱﾲޣһиͻȻط΢ЩѪ˫ĿлһĨȣҲ֯źɫͳޣΪ´ӵۻʾ䵽˵ۻʵڶأˣֱ㵽ͷϡ
ͬʱʱ죬ҲһḬ̃ѹ죬ȡֻرԴǿأһᵽô󡣲ȴǲңΪǼ˶̫ˣһ߳ǲ
ڣǻĹģλ̫ϳѾȫɱˣҲȥ
׼ڼԶ󺰡
ʲô
ĹʱɫӴĵۻʼɢĹסһΪӦˣͬʱ濴˱Լһ۷챦ʱƮԣٲȻѾ챦
㾹ô
ۡ
һǿ벻Уٴο粽̨ϡ
Ĺһ㡭
飡
̧ȣһǱȳڻĹϣ֮ǧԶ
ĹѪɣͷ­㱻飬òѪģ
棡
ĹڣһڻĹӴǿ棬㱻һž͸߷ˣͷ­ѣʹеĿ־Ũ˼֣඼ˡ
𣡡

УѪһƬޱԹɷ֯ˡ
ⷽУһŻĹȥ
ĹԶվдѪ˿̫Ѫһ˿ʱɢ޸壬ŭĶ죺죡㾹
ৣ
ƿ𣬴˵Ļһ̳ǰһų
һĹٴκɣһΣͷ­ˣɲ

Ĺ޸壬˫۸ЩȻαԽų
һǰȥ
ͼɱͼԴռͬѪ꣬ͬѪЩˣһʱʺ㣡

Ż䣬ƿ죬һγڻĹǰһǱȳ
ĹɣãԶ
ͬһʱ䣬һΣѾǳϣֱһȭ¡
飡
һȭڻĹؿڣ߹ǣҽرһ޴ӡ
ĹѪҽУ۾ˣ֡
飡
̧ȣһ߳Ĺ߶ϣѪˮֹסʡ
϶
ޱŲһΣںɵĻĹǰֱһȭ
֪ĹռѪ꣬Ҫδ֮ΪԴͼ俪ʮϣȻߵطѪʱ̲סŭȻӤѪ궼ˣ
Ĺ澹ȻеѪָΪʱ÷ŭˣֱˣ
飡
һȭ䴩գڻĹϣֱӽͷ­ķ顣
ﬣ
һȫĵ۽Уݺݵն¡
۵һĹ汻һնѪ
ϡ棡
ҲҲĶ֣
⣬
Ĺһڵӿ־塣

ĺХ𣬻ĹѪӿԶؾ۳ۻ
죬˫۸ˣɱŨͷ
죡
һδα˺ǿΪһʱӾŭʱ꣬ѣ쾹Ȼӵﵽ˵ۻʵ졣
죬бɱ⣺ȻԼҪݣǾɱֻرԴĹݱǼˣ̫ϳϱɱ챻ᣬ֪Ѿǲݵľˡ
ȻѾȾ棬ûʲôüɵˣɱġ
󣬸
𣬽һӡ
ȷӡطյرϣѪɫȫɱڵѪ˻һѪ걻ɵ֮ǰǷʯ̨ϣʱʹطմһɾɱɢ
䣡
ɱ⺧ţʹʧɫڵڷһľкɫֲ˷ָǵɱ·Ҫض
Զʱɫ⣬ɱ󡭡
ǰۼ׵ֻоɱֲ˼㣬ȷ⳾Ǹڤʱµڤɱ󶼲ˣԿնɱ֮κˡ
Сֱ̫˫ۣȻов
䣡
ĹڷŭţϯɲɱӣҪء
ȻûгƣȻֻʹһΣǶԸ㣬㹻ˣ
Ĺ˫ĿдѪ˿Էӡ߶Ĳʹǫ̀Ѫ꣬ӿֲɱ˵˼㡣
죬񣺡ֻ壡ֻرԴһУǱģ
˫ĿеѪ˿ˣ߶ʹ󷢳µɱ
ǰĺڷĿ趯о˲ʱɢϢĿֲƫͷ̨һѪ걻Уʱ
䣡
һɿֲڳɫѪᴩ˵ء
ͬʱ̧˫֣Եۻǿ߶ԿٶȽӡ󶯵
ʱ䣬ط΢Ĵ촫̨нɫĻֶѹ̨ʹ֮޷طѪ꣬ʹϵĲѪɫһķ𣬿ĸֳһѺۡ
ңƬռڣ⼸ƴнɫĻ֣ʹЩĲƿʼͬǱһһ㡣
Ĺһʱɫ䣺ô£㡭ʲô
ǼʱǿʦȻûɣҲ˶ˣÿһƶǼ᲻ɴݣ̨ϵĲƣλƣȻڷ飬һʧ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
첻ϣɫԾһơ
ʱ䣬ɢĿֲɱֱˣֱӳ
Щʲô㡭㵽ʲô
Ĺ涢ŽɫĻֶ죬ŭ
ֱӳǰһǱȳݺڶԷϡ
̨ϺطĲƴĽɫ벻һδγɻĹĹаӡ£ΪǼɵ䡰һϵһʿܼ꣬򵥵ƻơ
ܲµõĹĲܿ£һڲĸλӡʱĹ濪Ҳͬʱ߶ӡлֱĸҪֵƣʹֱӳš
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬Ĺٴΰһţǿĵһըķѡ


1240 ҵĻĹ
ĹĹٴκɣķѣһͽԾ
ϣ桭
һڵӻ֣̿һһǿ棬ȻҲȫ죬ǿĲ񶼱ƽѹƣЩͨһƬ亹ֱ

Ĺûȥһʱؾ۳
죬۾ˣĿ
󣬿

ȫʩΪʹòٴطɢֲԡ
ĿĮһǰиĻԻ˳
һʱ䣬͵𣬸ոɢԵĲƿ
ǶǿĴֻҪǰƻƣʲôҲ㲻ϡ
пᡣ
һ̣ӰڻĹǰֱһȭ¡
һĹɣڿоٴķѣѪˮ춼ǡ
Ĺŭ𣬵ٴһӱޱŵۻѣĸС̨ףôᱻѹƣЩȫ߶ƽ֯ɱ𶯣󺣰㳯ѹȥ
ȥʱطÿһ϶ӡƣÿһƶǿֲޱȣܹɽͬѹƿֲ
ò˵ϼһ裬ܿ¡
Զϣ
ˣ
УĹ𶯳ƣͬ𶯳
ЩƷǳˣѹĹУתۼ仯һɱȻԶԶȲϸղŲƣȴҲԺֲܿʹÿˡ
һ飬رһѣЩ£൱ˡ
ֻת۶ѣƽУɱѹˡ
ɫĮϵı˿ûб仯Ͻɫ⽻֯һڻֶѹʮ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һѹǰĸɱȫ顣
ң𶯣һƽɫĻ⳯ӣһ
ڵȿµܼдУ˿Ӱ죬ƽء
һĻʹûĹڵһڵͽļ£ֹסڶ¡
СӣȻĹ滹Ҫǿϲ٣
ֹ
ѽ
С̫۾ģŻĹĽǻ졣
⻷ƻһƣŻĹȥ
ܣⲻܣ
ĹˣѾʩչ˼£ȴȫκβ졣
˫ЩѪ죬־ŭĶ죬ձø

ʼ߶ֿµĵâһֶڡ
ۻʼǿƿһ̣һ߶ִҶǧбȽϿǰĴһϸһɱ졣
ǿսˣʼһʱʹôؾҡɱӿ
ԿձһƬƬ𣬿ռ֯л⡣
һֿµĹɱƣ죬µƻһɹɾ˵ɱ쫷磬ǰĺڷҰڶԵ졣
ϼһ￪ʼƴˡ
Զ
䣡
ɱ͵âֲˣĹ͵
е졣
ɱ쫷ǿˣͷǰ˵ĺڷӿҵİڶֻǣıȴû˿仯ʼյĮ
ڳŻĹһ̣һɢһڳ޾µĻɽͻأ䱬һ㣬ʮ񷣬ãء
ϣ̧ճȭȭ˽֯һƵ磬ֱһȭǰ
ˣ
ͬʥı죬ͬһͻأըطʮռ䶼ȭ֣һɿµĴǰݿ࣬һֱĻ
͵ģȭĹƺ͵һһ飬ȭݿ࣬۵һᴩԷţֱӽ֮ķ顣

˴Ѫ䶯תۼٴؾ۳
ܣ
𣬸ղѾǿսȴκβһ˿һ
ĿĮӿһŻĹȥ
Ĺ治ɵһӭ̲סһ̫ˣĮһеɵľ壬ɵһɺ
㡭
ˡ
ŵرУƽһһΣֱӳڻĹǰ
飡
һǿȭӳֱڻĹϡ
Ĺɣߵ飬Ѫ

ĹҽУ𣬿
̧֣âӿƶֱӴĹڡ
ʱ䣬ĹһȻڿϣȴɵ÷ҽС
㡭ʲô
˫ĿѪ죬˻һֻо˺ҧѪ⣬ʹ̡
ʹȥ

ղŴļǡҩ䡱мصһֶʿں󣬲ƻѪ⣬һƻԴ꣬ƻҰǳ£ѻ⡣

ĹҽУڵĵʹ
ֻǣЧȴԣʹڼӾ硣
ٴο絽ϣۻһŵԷڡ
ŵԷʶֱӲƵ֮ϣʼ߽Էꡣ
̲٣⽫֮ŻҪĹ波ʹࡣ

ʱĹ淢ĲҽУֱӵ˵ط˺ͷ
̧ȣһ֮߳ǧԶ
漴ĵ콣âֱûĹֱ֮֫ӶڵرϣѪˮͬСϪһʶ
ĹҽУӭһͼֱӽ֮ӡ
ڣһͨˣƷѪ걻һĸо

Ĺһ˫Ŀб鲼Ѫ˿㡭㡭úݣвӿѪڲҽȴһöûУӡӡѲˡУڵĵͻһѪ꣬ʹ̫ҡ
ݣ츩ˣңͼɱ󣬶ұԴʸ˵ҺݣĿĮ˻һѪ꣬˵ݣ
㡭
ﬣ
̶һ£ֱӹĹ渹ƬѪҺ
ĹҽУӡȴǿ⣬Ѿͨûκڳܾ綾ͻ˫ظʴôһʹжʱɱľֱڳʮصḶ́ʹൽ㡣
ĮĿӲҽеĻĹƿⲻеѪ꣬ƶĿ⣬ɨĹڵһһͽ
طʮϵѪ꣬ԲһռһΪһ̣üķ⣬ۼסĹǿΪǿѰһͽʶ䣬˭ЩѪռܿ측ʶڡ
ﬣ
̶ǧ콣âⷽϣסĹ󣬽꣬նĹ֮ڡ
ռطѪĻĹͽ콣âĹ


1241 ĹŸ
콣â϶ۻʵ߶ʵνݿࡣ
ЩâĹ֣գնɱ¡
գۼ䣬Ѫһը

׼ǿ߲ҽУһ콣âᴩüģһʱ

Աߣһ벽ۻʷһֵĽһ콣âƴֶο⣬ȴûаãգۼǱ˸ǡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һѪڻĹըѪɫĻǶţѪȶа
һʱ䣬ĹˣһĹͽǱӴܣлĹͽըѪˮȾһر
һ̣ҽкѪΪʱΨһ
ס֣ɱħͷ
ĹĿѣЩ˶ǻĹͽȴôһնɱڻǻĹ
ﬣ
죬һ콣â£ֱӹᴩĹš
Ĺ̲סҽгвӿѪжѪˮ
ĿĮԵۻʼǿплĹͽļ䣬ʱնɱˣԲֶռѪˣȡ֮ˡ

ֵĲҽڻĹڻص콣â£һһѪըûκܹһ⣬Ϊǵۻʼǿռңǵۻʼֻնͨĵۻʳǿ߶һֵס
ӣӰ
˴УŻĹȥʱʲô˲ˣֻŻš
񷶥ˣС̫Ĺ棬ɫѹ䣬ߵֱ֣ӱķ飬ǹɢһʱ
СһǼǵ˵Ļϣ˳ܣֱӸɱ
⣬⡭
Ҫɱȫ𣿣
ҪҲ
Ҳ볯ܵ˼һĻˣԵÿ־ޱȡ
ĮվڻĹ콣âǲ䣬Ѫը
ס֣סְ
Ĺ˻ЩɶͽͽǻĹڣĹЩȴڱһնɱڵѪ
ﬣ
̶һ콣âѹ£ٴν˹ᴩ
ʹ֪ࣿЩǲɱΪԴ˵ĸܣ
Į
㡭
ﬣ
â£ᴩڣʹĹٴβҽС
ͬһʱ䣬ĹڵĲҽ̶࣬лĹͽڽâ²

ҡҲ

ҽ֯һĹһѪУը

˵ѪˮȾһ档
ĿĮ飬ΪЩûıҪǸ֮ˡ
סְ
ĹвѪ˿ͽͽôһնɱĹڻĹԳܣвӿѪϲ
ɫĮǼŻĹѹ£ֿ˼Ѫ

ĹҺʱ⣬նʹޱȡңͬʱڵľ綾ͻҲһѪ꣬ʹϼʹ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ϣĹϿգһ콣âն䣬һѪը
ֱȥһӵʱ󣬿в콣â£Ĺڣͽȥ
⽻֯նɱ˴ˣˣɱ޹飬ȻռԷѪػĹͶ뵽УΪպԴ
һͽԵ£ܺ
ǻĹĹħ࣡
ĹڻʣµٰһĵӣЩ˲ɱռѪ꣬ûֱնɱǣҲ׷ŹЩˣϾЩˣǵˡ
ˣ
̧֣һͼֶסĹƬ׹£ŵлĹУһâЩڡ
ŻĹͼɢŵĻĹͽû˿ˣȴǸ¶ޱȾŵı顣
ҡҵΪ
أҵأ
ҵΪûˣ
ЩĹӻң˶оԼΪûˣڿտҲ
ȫ

ûɱЩˣֻͼ˵ΪĨϵǵ֮·
ŵһĹͽ
ǣϡˣ
Щ˲
ǿʿΪͨˣ޷ٿ·ʵ̫ˡ
ûɱѾʴˣ˵ֱ
ڲϸ·Цŵ
ŵıϵΪһڻĹͽֱ¶־塣
ߣϾߣ
˲
ʱ䣬ЩĹͽǱĳŻĹȥΪʧȥΪײײ;ˤ˼ͷȴæĳȥ
ΪȻԳܣȴٻţ̫ˡ
ʱЩ˷ܣͻȻı⣬նɱ
ΪϵΪЩ˵ٶȻȲƽգ㹻ȥ˴ʱ˲ǶܳĹͷҲصĳŸԶȥûаͣ١
ĹһӾͿˡ

ĹĹޱȣԹͳ޵Ķ졣
Ĺͽٰ뱻Ϻ룬Ĺǳ׻ˡ
ƫͷˡ

ֻô֣콣âʱԥûĹ濴ŻĹ󣬳飬ֱӽնķǣ
һ˲䣬ĹΨĲѪ˻ÿһѪ궼Ũɷ
СӣЩѪô
С̫ʱƮ˹
طѪ̫ˣѪ꣬ĿԹɷ졣
໣
һ̣ЩѪ˻𣬶סһˣ˹Ѫɷӿ
ɢɫ⣬γһ̵ĻѪȫ⡣
໣
ЩѪĿײĻͬʵҰޣʳˡ
üֻܽȫˣĻһ䵽ȥԻһѣ˻ѡЩѪԹ̫أɷ̫ŨҪ̫ˣҲʮϣôѪһ䵽нȥԻһֻȥǸһѡ
쿴ЩѪ꣬Ļ΢΢˵ͷ
ֱӻٵЩѪЩпᣬǣȴҲͬʱһֽѡң˵ĺܶԣЩѪٵһȥĵȷȷһ޴ѣΪǶ
Ǹˡ
طѪ꣬˵
һ̣֣ĽɫâԻϵĽܵÿһ䣬ѪȫС


1242 һδ
콣âܼ֯ԣͬһʱ䣬콫ֻͼҲһ𣬺ƵʥϢһ˲ŴⲻķΧȫ֣â硣
Ǹ
ٴε΢ܼ콣âֻͼһѹ¡
һƥĴƣȴû˿ɱ⣬º͡
ΪⲻڶԴˣ⣬ǰЩѪѡ
һ̣콣âֻͼʮâУһжûˡ
ŨڱҰԹ˻ɲǼʧﰲ
ɢȥ֮ǰƽأеɷʧˣѪҲʧˣһƵ΢ϯ
ˡ

쿴ܣ΢ͷһĹת뿪
ȻʱⷽĿռ΢һĹâ
Щâǵ㣬һƬףǳң
ˣ
â˸ƬռеĻøŨ漴һ̣ĻӰ֣гĺˣഺ꣬лŮлӰСӤ
ɫɴһ˫ͫǣ
ѽ
С̫Ҳۡ
ҲǶݣ¶ɫ
ЩӰղ콣âֻͼЩѪ꣬Ȼˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һ㣬ǾǣʱЩӰ֮ǰһˣûԹԵһƬƽ͡
лл
лƮƬռ
ķΧڣлӰĿȫϣĸм
һ̣ЩӰʼģתۼ仯İɫͬһƬƬ񷣬תۼʧ
һ˲䣬ֱð
⡭عⷵգղǲǶô£ɷʧˣԭʶ
ֱۣ⡣
üǴꡣ
ĳղЩӰǴ꣬ȴΪʲôһĻ
ѵ콣âֻͼֻǵɷԹޣʹԭĴɷԹн˳ɢ

ü£ҡҡͷ
ˡ
һĻЩ֣ǺܺõĽ֣ȻףȴҲȥ롣
ĹĳƬ֮ǰٵĲ࣬ʱȥ
һô˵ҲʮĶ޾£ۻĵ̱ضܻʱĹѾЩ̣Ȼѳߡ
ţһЩʲô
ĵ
úһĹڣʼѰһŵԴıҡ
ﬣ
һ鲼Ƶʯűƿг౦˸ɭɭ⣬һЩıͬ㣬ɢޱɱϢ
ɨۣУ׼챦ʥʮ٣ԼȼıǶ塣
һ֣еıȫ
ȥһ

úǴ򿪻ĹĲؾ⣬һ౦Ժܲ
УžмֱֵΪĹ䡷͡ԴǵۻʼĹžйͨǳˡңһһĵۼžΪͨŵҲǷǳǿᣬֵˡ
֮⣬ֲεͨ

еĹžȫ
Ĺ࣬뿪ؾ⣬úһ潻֯Ũҩ㣬ΪĹĵ⣬ŸָıͲҩжΪıڡյΪɵֵơ
һ
һ
һ˼һֱ಻ʤϾĹ޾£ôƾµۻۻĺöȻǳĶࡣ

һⱻʱ澫âŨһѶѵ龧龧
ɨһۣе龧Լڽҡ
ڤڰۻ˺öࡣ

ڷ⳾ʱڤڰڣɻʮڽ龧
ڤΪһ壬ǵĴУȻĹҪҪ౶ӵӴķ⳾ȴһۻ龧ȻҪȻĹࡣ

úǽĹ˸飬Ѱ౦ܲ
գһıž龧Ͳҩ䱻ȫѹϡ
Ǻܷ񡣡

ͷһĵֵ̺ȷʵܾˡ
һ̣ŵ˸𿪵棬¶Ĺ·
ǻĹĴ̸·ͬʱʮԴһˡ
Ƕĸ
޵
ʮԴĸǺǿᡣ
ŵӣԵۻʼΪ߶ԴȫѹɴС漴
ˡ
кС̫ڿնһϿա
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
һһ콣ԻסĹ
һĵȫҪ׻ٵ
СӣһȡȻ֪Ҫʲô֮㲻ҪҪһõĵֱ֮Ӱȥʹá
ԣǰʱһ

ͷǳ֮ǰû뵽һ㡣
˵ţһֱӳһ硣
ȥⷽڣεɽϢ֯һӺ嫵ĹһʵĴ㡣
ʿﵽۻʾ󣬿ݻһԼС磬˵ۻʾȻݻС磬ʱ֮˿
С磬ЩС޵¶һ˿죺˵үôо˺ʯһϢ
һʯԭɡ

ǶۻʾݻСҲϢ
ɡ
⣬ûˡ

Ƕ⣬Сſ󣬽ĹڵһǷĹȫ뵽УžŰ֮࣬ңÿһǼΪǳΰ
Եͷ֮ҪһʥأҪĵЩֻ֮ҪԼӴǿֱʹãʡȴ˲鷳
Сպϣ·ѾǳտĻĹ֮ǰ콣âƺƵѹ£תۼ佫Ĺ̵Ƭڻٵ档
ߡ
˵кСֱ̫뿪
һۣ뿪˻ĹԶԽɽʥ̶ȥ
СӣĹĹԾӻķʽȥƬ˶֪³ˣҴﵽ˵ۻʲΣԶԸһ޵һξΥĴڡ˵һʾһθ£۲ǺǵģͬʱҲʵ֮㴴̺ʿ͸·ţд


1243 
Ļ΢΢˫ۡ
ԡ
˵
עȷʵչʾʵ֮󴴽̺˲źá
£һʶӻԻѷ죬ƬĶϱĴЩڵݣĹһ棬ǳڶϱĴĲϣʱʿ
죬Ǹֻ塭³ˣ
ֻǹȥѣȻѾﵽ˵ۻʼ߶ȣ⣬⡭
һۻʼֻ壿
ĹȻȻٵˣһˣһ
Ĺֻ壬ҴԣһڻȥֻرԴʱֻ꣬سֱӾȻֱӵ⡭
ڳĶ
һֱ֮ǡ
⡭ǿƣģǣһĿ£
ʿȻ
ʱ꣬ﵽۻʾ磬һ˻ٵƬĶĹºţҪ֪ĹѾ޾£ȴȻ㱻ٵˣתۼھһĲʮ
ͬһʱ䣬ʶӻУҲ˲ͲڵѪ£Ĵʿ𺳣¶ŭı顣
ǰֻ̫ʱ˵ĹڿӡһڳͼͻƵʮݣԴ޾Ļǣԭģ
ǡǶѪ갡⡭
ȺȻ񹲷ߵ£ǿʮ޹ңȻеӤûзŹ
˷ŭ
һʱ䣬ھڣȾӻʮ˶סˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥ̣ལħڣ󶥼ȻҲǿʶӻһڴ뾪
ô᣿
ĹȻˣ
ǰѣʧ꣬Ȼﵽ˵ۻʼ߶ȣ
ﶼ޷ˣ¶ɫ
һ˻ٵһƣĺֲܿҪ֪Ĺڿʮɱ󣬿ж챦һвɱ󣬿ȴûκ졣
ҲԸǣ
һڴɫͨͽǾ㤡
Ĺ죬ĹȥȡֻرԴ֣Ѫֱ֣ӻٵĹҴӻȻʾ£Լôǣ˭ǣ͵øشۡǼͻĹһ£Ĺ٣Ƿ͸ֵˣ
ô졭
һ̶ˡ
ңȴ⣬ͬΪĴһҲˡ
᲻Ҳ֣
һһЩ׼ۼ¶ŨŨǣҲ춯֣ͼȡϵžȻΪһͽС̫ʹܴѣʹǶС̫ɵӶٶ춯֣챻ΪֻҲûǰȥֻرԴ񴫳£ĲΪô˵ǵйͼɱо
̫ģ˵ĹǸڵǿ߸С̨׵Ϊ䵽˵ۻʵڶأ࣬ȻлָҲûлָ۷߶ȣǴΪ𣬻ڵۻʾ죬ֻҪԸǣӦҲûôףܻɹٲǡ
ɡǵۼֻ尡
ͷСޣǣͷС޵
һļ׼۴Ĳ
뵽ǰΪС̫Ŀֲ棬һһЩǲĲʱĻ棬ֲ̫ˣҪһ㡣
Ǹӣ
ҧζƵѾڵС̫ʱϣƲǻ춯֣Ҳȹǡ
ʱһϵ׼ۼﵣǣһļۻǿߺ͵ۻʾҲĬ¶ɫΪɲͨĵۻʣܹԸĹĳۻʣǵۻʼǿʣֻصۻʡ

ʵ
ʴ˵ֳֻѣȻѾﵽĸ߶ȣ
һۻʼֻ壡
ǿﵽۻʼ߶ȣؼ䣬ûĶˡ
һۼԪн֯â

ɽ
Ͼ´һȻҲǿһʶӻ
ǿƣ͸
ϴЦ
ºܾԱ裬ɽ¿һۣջĿ⡣
ȥչء

Ͼ鿴£ͷ
ҼҸⳡϷŸտʼأӦûʥǼ͵Щɱȥĵۻʶ֣ҿٱչءĺˣ֮չʱ䣬ܽ𼶡
˵
ʮһǿǰȡֻرԴ£Ϥ̣˽죬֪Ĺֻĵһѡ
ǲ˵ʲô˲裬Ͼһ

ھڣһЩǿĴд̣ǿɢޣһʶӻ¶ɫʿ¡
Ҳʱһɽ˺ѷ죬С̫λһƬɽȺǰ
ȥɽȺڣһԻ͵Ĵţģ˿ҲȻĹƬĴΧ֯ŨŨϢ
ʥ̣
Ц
ѽ
С̫ӶСצӣֱָǰٲȻڱšɱȥ˼
СһǼǵúʥҲ죬һǰֻرԴ
ǴһЦɽȺϣϳʥȥ
תۼ䣬ʥΧ
뿴ʥԵøӺΰһߴ鲼ŸƣʶǷǳ඼ɸʯͱ𽨳ɡ
ûκڣֱӱӷ֡
ֻ֡壡
˻ֽ̿е
ֻˣɱˣ
ļʥ̵ӿ־壬ɪɪ
һΪľӻ֮Թ죬ڵеӶ񾭣ǿֻţɱһֱܽ䱸˿絽ǰЩ˷֣ʱһŽȥͬʱˡ
ʲô
桭ˣ
ô죡Ĺˣǡܵס𣿣
һʱ䣬һҵڴһͽȫ塣
ճʥ⣬Щֱӿ뵽С
ʥڣʱо˸ŨϢһĹԵúΰмǸߵˣͬһĴɽһ㣬ư硣
СӣɵüǵãʱƻЩȫȥʹá
˵
˽⡣
ͷ


1244 һ˲ս
սʥıԵúƽʥ̡
ȥţڻĹʱһӣֱӸɱ
˵
С̫ѽĽ뿪ڿյʥ߿գ·
⣬⡭
ʥڣͽ壬һڴ߳ȴǸҡ
һϵҲ⣬ʱ򼹱Щ
죬ȥҽ̶еҪʲôԾܿڣҽһ㡣
˵֪ﵽ˵ۻʾǵۻʼֻ壬Ǽɵ
츩Ӷ£ˣٵˡ
ƽ
һҧ㡭㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
ҽ͹ˣҺΡ
ƽ
ɫһ࣬ƺоҪٵľģ޷ı䣬ɵҧ̫Ϊǣﵽ˵ۻʼҲΪܻٵʥ̣Ҫ֣Ƽ̫ϳǺڣˣܻ㣡á
ﬣ
п𶯣Х䡣
Ļֱӱϣ¶֣ܣȴǸܲˡ
һ̣۵һâڣֱӽ֮ķ飬һ

ʥڣһͽʹﾪ֡
ǵĽȻһͱնɱˡ
֪Сӻ˻Ĺвۻʼֻǰ裿
ϣЦ
ϣʥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿĵƵĵӰΪĸߣǵۻʼǿߡ
̫ϳǣ
ڣ
ʥڣһڵִºͳĸߣʥ̵Ĵǵδȫϵĸˡ
ĸ߳Ϊʥ̵̫ϳϣͬĹһ㣬ΪǴڵۻ죬һΪһ̫ϳϣΪӵۻʾ䵽ۻʵڶأʱ󣬻ָ˵ۻʵ졣
죡
죬ŭ𣬵Ϊķĵرʱָۻ죬ޱܣһУΪ죬죬Ȼ
ŭеļɵŨǿϵžͼȡֻرԴֻɵۣĹߵȻƣҲ֪ҪʲôǴŻ֮
쿴ˣƽǰȥ
ﬣ
ϸ֣ʮÿһǽ֯żǿϢ

˵
£ʮâնˡ
ɲǼ䣬ձն飬ʱʡ
Сҧдɱ⣬˺ȵնħ󣡡
䣬ֱӽӡǿ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ϳҲʼӡʱĵԻ鲼ⷽϣӵ˵ص¡
䣡
䣡
䣡
ֱⷽӱסˣһֲܴһĵصӡϵܼƣ֯һֲɱ⣬⡣
ǣʮֲͬĵۻʼƣͨ˵ص׵Դȣɱƣݣɱƺܾˣնɱۻʾǿˣ⼸ϼһﹻǽʥ̵ĸΪԴܣһ֮󣬸ᱻȫ١
䣡
ɱܼٸ죬Ϣš
һӡԻ֯ϢȻʥ̵ǿ챦ӡ
һ̣ⷽ۷챦ԻеĵƹâŨص³Ҳǿɱƿʼǣɱ
ǿϢޱƽεС̫һɴ˫ۡ
䣡
ɱƸŨʮ졣
죬ǵģ
溮֪Ĺ֪֮һҲʥ̶֣Ե±Ǻһ̫ϳϿʼ׼ʮֵۼơʥ̵ĸ۷챦ӡϳɾľɱ
ɱʥ̵ĸΪӣʮֵۼƺ۷챦ӡԷǿһֲĸ߶ȣնɱ֮κˡ
ѹȡžֻرԴ
¶̰ɵǼˣȴ֪ԸҪٵʥ̣ڼɵǼ˸ûã죬Ѿǲݵľ档ȻˣǾѹ죬ȡžֻرԴһȡЩǿԵȵľǿ³
뷨ͻĹЩ˵뷨һģһΪƵ档
򣡡
һ̫ϳȫ֣ȫʩΪնħ󷢻ӵĸǿ
ʱ䣬޾âƵƺƵĳѹ¡
ǳɲڵһʱоޱȾ޴ѹ
ıȴ˿䡣
Դȸϵ챦ⷽܲȷԸңǴ̡
˵
¹â˸Իתۼûһĵص硣
ɲǼ䣬ϣĵһ챦ӡҲһص²ӿϣնħֱӴ
ʱɫ㡭
ͬһʱ䣬һ̫ϳҲ󾪣ǲɵһ
СӿƿĵۼΪ߶ӡס·Դȣ׾٣ֱӸϵնħԴⷽ󣬻ʲôƿԣ
ϣƲ졣
ѽ
С̫գ鶯Ĵ۾ĻС
˻ˣ׼նħԺǿһʼǺſѹ죬ȴȻһ棬Ļ棬ʼδ
㣬㡭
Ĵǿ߶ɵ÷
նħѾû˶ɱƣʱҪһۻֻ壬ĲҪ֪УǿҲŵۻ졣
ƽ֯âƽĿˡ
ҹˡϣƽģһһ˲ս
㡭
ৣ
ƿ֮صһΣ˲һһ̫ϳǰ
ˣ
ͬ׺Ƶգһ̻Ӷȭͷͬʱ
ȭѹ£۵һ̫ϳϺķ飬Ҳһ

̫ϳϣ
ʥͽֽеһһۻʣȻһȭͺɱˡ
ǲ죬㡭
ƽݻǿºƵ̫֮֮ѹһ̫ϳϣֱӽУ

ҽдѪըûܱⱻĨɱĽ֣
˳˾㤣ۻʵǿߣǰ޷
ʵˣǿصֻ壬ͬڣǾԵĻߡ

־ֿŭ߶۷챦ӡƵۻʵ򣬷ĳ칥ɱ¡
̼䣬ֲ⽻֯ʮ
ƽĮܣһǰץӡӡһʱأӡ֣תۼӿ뵽ӡ֮ڡ
һ̣һҽддӡڣǿı걻ӡֱ
һӡ걻٣˿Դ߶

һĮƮ
ٵӡ꣬˲ϴԼľӡƶӡѹ¡
ʱ֣ӴܣϧȴӲӡֱС

۵һҽд̶߶ӡ֮£汻ķ飬ǿȴӭӡһķѣ


1245 һĴ󶥼
ĿѪˮƮУתۼ䣬ʥĸۻʼǿߣȫ䡣
ϡڣ̫ϳǣ⣬⡭ǡ
ʥһͽ˲ѣͬ˵һ˲ս
ֻһ˲ѣһĸۻʼǿߣȫĨɱȫ
ͷʥʣµһͽ
˭ıȡϵž
ƽ
ӭʥڣһڵִ¶ǲһ
У׼ۼĴɫһӱɷף˵ŵŵĺˡ
Ŀƶǿɨһ⼸׼ǿߣǿпӼ˵ʶ䣬ЩˣıȡϵĹž
ﬣ
û˿飬콣նֱӽ⼸׼Ĩɱ
Ѫˮ䣬һһͽһ𣬸ձòҰһƬ
츩·ͼ𣬺ƺƵʥȫǡ
ˣ
ͼɫ䣬ס·лŵʥ̵ӡ
ʮͼʧһŵеһ
ޡҵΪûûˣ
˾ֳ
ͬһʱ䣬һͽҲң˵Ϊȫʧˡ
뿪

ɱ̫ˣҲκһ˿ֱӡĨЩ˵ΪЩʥ̵ӱͨķˣԶ޷̤·
ʥڣһһڵӲתۼǿʿͨķˣ˶оľʱġ뿪֣ɵöĸɾˣЩȴκζĨΪֱʹɱ֣һĵĳܡ
ֱʱ󣬱ϵΪһʥ̵ȫܳʥ̣ûκͣ٣ŸԶȥ
ɨЩһۣû⣬ʥ̵һΰ
ѳһۻԴ̣ڳԴõĵһߣë¡

ѽ
С̫һϡ
£һѰʥ̵һúһۻеȫߣֱ٣龧ҩžҲǺܲס
춯֣µһĸڳʮԴЩһѹ뵽ʯС
ˣ
ſԼС磬һһõ룬ȫСڡ
ˣߡ
кС̫콣âնʥ̴֮Զȥ
뿪ʥ̣йɽ֮춯֣һѷ죬ʥ̸Ծӻչ뵽ھĶϱ
ʱ䣬ڷеĵھֱӱøӷڣȼյһ𣬱һɲ
ʥҲ˵ˣ
⡭ˣһռ䵷
Ҫ𣿣
һʿ𺳡
Ĺʥ̣ɶǴ޾µĶʮҲ֪жʢǣһռѣȻͬһȺٵ
λֱ˰
˶¡
ͬһʱ䣬ħڣལʹ⼸Ǿ㤡
ʥҲ
һĴǱ֮ǰӻˣоһɺ⡣
ͨͽǸǲ˶ֻ֡
ңȴ⣬һЩϱۻҲ⡣
ʱ꣬ǸСȻ
ۻʸ߶ȣ壬ﵽۻʸ߶ȡ
ۼֻ塭
ھ򣬼ͬĽȺΪǰֻرԴЩɢ޵ۻʣһȻҲһӻ΢
ھӵķڣۣڹ㶼ϡ
Ĺʥ̣Թ٣ͬԹħںͲལ᲻Ҳᱻ
λ˵Ը񣬿»ֱӾٵħںͲལȥ
ֱǸҪڰ
˶¡

С̫뿪ʥ̺Զʱ˺ѷ죬˱һħڡ
٣ţ
Ц
ѽ
С̫
ƽٴ˺ѷ죬С̫һֱӿС
һ˲䣬һ޴ӺڰпһƬ嫵ɽȺ⡣
ħڡ
΢ۡ
һȡĴףӼνҪնһڸǳȥֻرԴЩ£һֱǵú
ûκԥֱӿħڣС̫ڿնħڵ߿գԷֹκħڵѶȥ
ħڣ˿Σӿ
ħڶʱңһͽֻţһϵĴļ¡
ͬһʱ䣬һĵۻʼȫ˳ɫÿżɵ
ûʲô˵ģﵱ١
쿪ڡ
ֻصӿǿƣֱӶ֣һ̫ϳϺһͬʱ֣콣âͬˮһƮڣնһƬƬա
䣡
䣡
䣡
ħڲµпܻɱ׼˺ֶܶΣɱ鲼ա
Ȼۼֻ峬ǵսƥ޾ǵκɱС

ҽкܿ𣬵ѪƮɣһ̫ϳȺն
󣬽ɫĴֳգֱӽһճɻҽһɶͬһ۷챦ħ׶Ҳ£Ĩȥеıꡣ
ֶһ۷챦
ĵ
ıҴ׵ˣˣҲɱϵΪ
Įƽ
ǿɨһһڵͽǿпЩ˵ļ䡣
һ̣۵ģѪըıᴿ׵ˣȫɱһ⣬
ӡգһħڵĵӱϵΪɢ뿪
һĵ̣ץõĵȥལ

ͷһ޽£ܿ콫ħЩۻԴȫ𣬽ص׵Դ֮ԼС磬ħûһУ콣âնһƬ档
ߡ
кС̫ѷ룬һ̳
ལʹ
ֱɱȥ

ٴѷ죬ֱӳڲལ⣬ƵС
ֻ壬桭ˣ
ͻ
һļۻʼ̫ϳϺȡ۷챦ɽ
ûʲô˵ǿֻصѹƶϣûкķѶ೤ʱ䣬һļ̫ϳϺھĨɱͬʱĨɽڵı꣬챦
ò˵ֻﵽۻأս̫ǿˣ޵С
ϡڣ̫ϳǡ
ལһڵͽ־塣


1246 黤
ལһڵӿ־壬ɪɪǵ̫ϳϺȫɱˡ
۷챦ɽҲȥ
˷־壬һҲ²
ɨЩˣǿĵۻʼɨӶһıҪȡϵžļ׼ǿߺһϵնɱӡһڲལͽΪȫĨЩ˴Ӳལ
ѳ̡
С̫Ʈ˹
ͷһ˽벻ལһǷú󣬽һ޾ۻıȫ׼챦ʮʥǧ龧ڽҩ͸ĵȸǶ塣
һĲؾղķᣬǿͨǳ࣬ԲؾһžǷǷΪལΪལĴʼۻĽȻܱȵ콣ȴҲǷǳǿˡ
Щ֮󴴽̣ڵӵйžܳ㡣
Ӳؾ߳صף֯޾ƶ£һصµԴȫУԴнһ٣Ҳ֮߰࣬ȫѹɴҵССĵʯ䡣
ⲻལĵ̣ǱǿһЩ龧ҲңһȻڣ̸ԴҲһЩ
ĵ
ȷʵ
ͷ
䣬ڿն𣬽ۻʼС𣬿ʼɲལһ
һĵ֮ܲ࣬ǰĴսлٵһЩȴɻǧõʣ£ȫСڡ
ﬣ
·ܼ콣â֣ལ֮
¡¡ģת۶ѣལλط֮档
ߡ
кСֱ̫ȥ
Ǻܿ뿪˲ལԶ漴ɿ£ٴδӻħںͲལĸȺƬϱĴ
ʱ䣬Ѿޱȷڵĵھ򣬱øӷڣʿĿࡣ
ħڣལȻȥҲ
ϻĹʥ̣һռ䣬ĴϵĴУֱ
˰
ϵ񳯣ʮľŸһˣٵ
нĸ֣ǡ׵ױ˰
һʿĲֱֻ̫ˡ
Ĺʥ̣ħڣལЩɶǴ޾µĶȴһռ価Ա٣ʵļ£һ첨
ھн綼̫ƽˣ˶ֻ¡

С̫뿪ལѾ߳Զ
Сӣȥһ⣬Ҳ׷ɱǣע⣬Ȼ֪Ϊʲôûټԣֻ屩¶һҲûȥıԴǵȥһˣڻǣթһ
˵ǳֱӡ
룬΢΢ͷ
򣬵ȷʵ׷ɱȥһɣ䲻ڻٵһҲ׷ŹͬʱһɵһǸͽӣʵڲǸö꺦ԼĶʦֽӺŶӺŶһصˣһĺѣӵͼȡһʼ񾵣㺦ˣȻŹ
ߡ
֪ֱ˺ŻС̫С
Ұúڰ漴һ̣ڰɢȥһ
ȥǰһ޴ɽһ޴ĵţ·ɽһһַǷڵ佻֯ŹϢ
ǾǴˡ

ͷգֱǰ
ֻת۶ѣ֮⣬ûκڣôֱС
ֻ֣塭
һɲǣͽȫ죬һǴҡ
ʱֻ꣬һ죬һĴ󶥼УʹѾƵھ˲֪˲˿̼봫⴫Ҳ֪ԼһҲ춯֣һ̶
봫߿գһҲûУֻǵĿһ
һ̣ǿϢĵӰۻأһۻʾء
СѣȥҴð㣬ϣܹҪʲôҴֻҪõóԸ
һǰѾ˺ܾãΪڵۻʾ۷壬ʱȴǷǳʵһռֳ̫ˣһĴϴУίʵЩֲңǼˣη塣
˵⻰ʱĳϵС̫ۣЩɵ
СѺԸ㣬ҲҵС˵Ĺƻ£
һ̫ϳҲ˵ƵСˡϡ
СѣҵҲܼ˹ƻ°
̫ϳҲڡ
ңͬһڰ㣬⼸ҲĿϵС̫Դһ˿˼ɡ
ҡ
⼸˵ĻɵƲ졣
쿴⼸ˣƽӽ
ӶԶʦ¶֣֮ɼһߣԸӺŶĿľǽ˸ն
⡭
ں̫ϳһʱ΢㶣ĿǶϵС̫۵׵ļɵ֮ɫøŨһЩ
ԥɣɫ΢ôԸ
ɫںͼ̫ϳæҡͷһڵСˣǲԸ⽻ǣǡ˵ţֿϵС̫ǣӣڼǰѾȥˡ
üˣҿ˵Ǵϱһֱڴ֮ڣǳȫôôģ
⣬ǣ
ڿС̫С̫½
ң컳ɣۻʾǿʱľӻ
УһƬһֲ䣬ֳţȻڴӾӻпȥҲܹоǵȿֲϢѹֵˡ
⡭оȥֱٰСӵĵۻʽٻҪֲ
¡
ﵽ˵ۻҲɵöݣȻ棬Щ¡
ʶӻڼУн֯ĳԽԽ£ģУڵѿˣӰɻ˵ճ亳źȸ磬ִ˵е鸡֣ܺƺƵ¡
漴һ̣УڵĲϣĴУһӰԻĴ齫֮ƣػսһ㣬ǧһӿ֣ڳӰĤݣƬضΪӰ֮Ϊ
ǣ
ɫ
ԱߣǶݡ
һһɵƫͷС̫
ɻˣ䣬ȸĴ黤壬Ȼ棬Сһʵ̫ˡ
ѽС̫鶯Ĵ۾ŴʶӻеǵӰʱЩһ˿ãϤ


1247 ټŶ
ľӻУӰ޳ģ⻷ƵػȴôϤС̫չֵĴ飬ȫһ
⡭
ü
ӰСһйأ
ۡ
ʹԣȻ棬ΪС̫¶ټӰƵĺС̫һģһĴ飬Ͽƶ϶ǿģӰԺС̫һĹϵֱͬһ
Ϥ
С̫ĶžӻеӰˮĴ۾ԵһƬã
ˣ
ӻдӰĳ֣еĲøڣ˻еӣ˻еӰڸӣһ̣ӰϵĴѹ£һ㣬ֱӽӺ͸Ĵϵһڴ֣ȫѹķ飬Ҳ˰٣ΰĵ̮һӲ
浽˽Ӱʧؽָ
Ϥ
С̫Щʧ૵ĵ
ͻȻǰŶȥȡʱͻȻһƬڣѹֵϢ֯ÿһ䣬ڿǾС̫ɣǸʱСһңķҲ˵Ϥ֣ȻСһʱǸӦ˳ڴϿյӰϢ
С̫ɴֻۣǱһΪȻôֲ󣬾𼶵ĴڱݣҲԶԶﲻôֲĳǼֱǡںԡ˿ǵӰԺСһĹϵпͬǿߣѪؼӡ
С̫ĿɫСһеĻҪֲ
ͷһ뷨
Ϊ£Ӳҽڵһĸ׼Ҳѣ١ʱ򿪿ڣͷС̫Ҳʵϣ֮˼ɵֻŲٴͷСޣǣܻµѣУ֮Ҳû㡣
쿴һˣֿͷС̫
С̫ѾعеãɢȥֻЩɻ󣬼쿴գգ֣Ľ
СһԴɨһڵˣк뿪
һҪ㲹
ۡ
ˡ
ۼͷС̫һۣȥ
ҪĿǾն״һֻ˳Ϊڵ֪Ѿȥ˵ҪĿıѾﵽںݺһһһЩС̫صĻ棬һջȺһˣԣٿȥթһһʵĵ̡
ƲƲ죬ܲµʱʲôųԶȥ
һ̫ϳ΢㶣һʼѾ˱ʹ׵׼˺սľΪһȷʵԹ졣ֻǣû뵽ǣ쾹Ȼһ˾뿪ˣʲôҲûС
һһڵҲ΢㶣ֻˣ飬Ȼôˣ
лСѣ
СѴȣ
һں̫ϳϿڣ뿪Ӱ˱ȭ

С̫뿪󣬲ú߳˺Զ
Сһʮ찡
С̫ĵ
ѽ
С̫գˮ۾һ̬ӣģܿɰ
쿴Сһ֮ǰ൶ʶӻǵӰίʵЩ£ƣֱǾ죬ضΪ˶
֪Сһʲôϵ

ǵʶӻ֪СһԶҪ£Σȴ޷
˶٣ٺķʱȥϸ£Ϊȥ룬Ҳ벻ʲô
ҪǣСһʲôԱߣңǳ
㹻ˡ
С̫СһȻܸоĳ
Ц£ƶĿ⣬Զ
ȥʲô
ʵ
ʱ¶һգĴ󶥼⣬Щ޵ϲҲ˹ȥڣֵЩˡ

ЩƹϵۻʣϾƹɱ˲٣Ų˻š
ЩԴˣȻܷŹҪѪֶǿѹȥ
֪Щʲôط
ʵ
ҡͷ֪˵ţƽЩâĳһ򣺡ܽЩһȫǣһҲӲˡ
ɻ˳Ŀȥ΢΢һǸطǣƺǣȵķ򡣡˵ţǰһǸЩ˵ټڣ
ͷ
ЩȡԴˣģǣǵЩ˵ϢֻҪչЩ˵ģŶ֮ԿЩ˵ټڡ
⣡

£˺ѿŻСֱ̫뵽С
һ̣ǳһ޴ɽڣܰɫƣɾһ㣬ȻȣһΪһء
С̫գֱͷԼǿıԴϢ
󣬼ֻǹȥѣطһ֣һ״Żǵâ
ȥ״ŻһƬС磬ɽľգӦоУͬһСɽ㣬һأ
졣
һöŮдŻһŮһߵӰȻŶԼʦӡ
Ŷ⼸඼ǾڣھоͷųϢһʱŻ
Сֵܿڡ
Ӷ
ͷСֱ̫ӽŻ֮
һ̣״ŻպϣС̫뵽ڣŶԱߡ
ǰŶò
Ц
һ㣬ԵһѾǹȥ˺ܶˡ
⣬˵𣬽ŶˡŶ°ۣ漴´죬û뵽㾹Ȼֻ塣
⼸꣬ʱ䶼ڣżҲʿĻֻ֪£һʼǳȣȥôһʱѾѾƽ
󡣡
ҲڣȻҲѾ֪¡
ʣĺ鷳

Ŷ֪ʵ£һҲ⣬Ͼ˵ǵºѾʲôˡ
Ŷۣ˿ǺҪأڸв֪
ҿһ·ģβǿɵ㲻ʲô
Ц
һСԺ·һ˽ȥУһС¡
ʱټŶʦͽ˲٣һıʱ
ˣʲôӦòʱҺʦİɣ
ŶЦ
ͷҲǲ飬ŶЦȷʵЩæ
˵ţ˵һ¡


1248 ѹа
Ҫȥҵǰǿ㱾ԴЩۻʵ鷳Щˣɶǵۻʼǿ߰⡭
ŶЩ졣
֪
ͷ
˵ţûڣͷųһ˿
Ӷʱɫǣ
ŶҲһɵŴС졣
ﵽۻʲˣ
˼Ŀ졣
һ죬Ǵڣ֪ھ£֪Ѿﵽ˵ۻʼ߶ȣʱоɢĵ澪ȵĲС
ۻʼԵֱֻǹȥʱѣ쾹Ȼʹﵽ˵ۻʸ߶ȣ
⣬㡭
ƽռ仹ǺܵģʱȴʵЩȡۻʼοɲôÿ룬Եһʱ䣬ҲֻǴѣңÿһС̨ףѶȶʮҪپǳȴڴӵﵽ˵ۻʸ߶ȣ̫Ծˡ
һ룬ܹƺҲʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʹﵽ˵ۻʸ߶ȣ£Žδаң컹ֻ壬ֻﵽۻʼ߶ȣǺεȵĿ£սڵۻʼڣûܹǶˡ
񣬵Ƕǿ˰пСֹղŻء
һۻʼֻ壬ֻһļ¡
֮޵ˣСӵġʱֵĿڣ˵ǰѾĹʥ̡ħںͲལˡ
ɶ
Ŷˡ
ӸӲˣĹʥ̣ħڣལ
죬ǺȻ
Ĺʥ̣ħڣɶǴ޾µĶʮҲ֪ˣ񣬾Ȼȫˣ
Ŷ죺ǡģ
ųΪ壬ʱһӣɷЩɰʵǱˡ
ġ
Цŵͷ
£ûʲôģǶŶӡ
ң£ھѾǴķзˡ
⡭
׿ڳϣЩˡ
ŶС죬ҲЩͣȥǻָ
ǵۻʼֻ壬̬
ֹ
ʱ꣬һ˵ٻĹʥ̡ħںͲལսֱ̫ˣܹĵĵھ򣬾Ѿˡ
УС
Ц
ֹ֮ȥʮŶƽ
ҪҵЩ˵òҿɡ
˵Ѿﵽۻʼ߶ȣĹʥĸˣ֮ҪȥҵЩϵۻʵ鷳ûʲôɵĵˡ
ͷһչȥȡֻرԴδЩ˵ģ
ŶЦʩչһƵâԻ裬Լȥһʱͣ
ˡ
˵һ죬˵ټڡ
һɨн֯âŶЦл
̫ˡ
Ŷۡ
һЦãԺͲ˵лˡ
ǰȡֻرԴЩۻʣŵ˴ԼʮȫŶ֮ھ򡢵ڰ򡢵򡢵򡢵͵У඼ǾƬһЩȽϳľؽ֮ڡ
ͣ˴Լһʱ漴ŶӸ
°˳
ŶЦΪͨŻ
Цŵͷָ𣬿
һ̣С̫ڣ漴һֿȡ
Сӣ˭鷳

߾аۺƵ𣬶ھ⣬ϼһҲڡ

˵ţ΢¶һĨЦ
˳Ŀȥ˭
߾аۡ

ǸѪɫͷޱƽ𾳵ϻȻǵǿ漴¶ЦүǼǵãǸϻ¹Ϊ䵽˵ۻʵڶˮ׼ָ֪ôˡ
ȥ֪ˡ

ѽ
С̫ĽСצֱָٲȻڱšɱȥ˼
һЦ˺ѷ죬С̫һС
һ̣ǴԶ򣬳һɽǰ
ȥɽǳߴ󣬱鲼ֲ꣬ȴǽ֯һƵƽռûκ鿿Ϊɽڵ̫ڱ䣬ˡ
ɽھһۣźɽڣ߾аǸϲģ
ԡ
ͷ
ŶչĵǰȥȡԴŵеۻʵټ߾аۣǾɽ֮ڡ
ϣǰֱӿɽ˫ɽ
ﬣ
̶صһɫ콣âԻֱնɽ
¡¡ģŤɫ콣âƳգɽһϿڡ
һķѣֱ̮ˡ
˭
һɭȻŭһѪâ
ȻǰȥȡֻرԴ߾аۡ
겻ǵң
Ц⿴ˡ
߾а۵ıʱˣһռ䣬ڵھֳĶ̫չأȴҲ֪һĹʥ̣ħںͲལȫĸˡʱˣӼһ⡣
ಣ
ƿ֮һ̣ûԥͷߡ
ޱƽΣȴΪޱƽ䵽˵ۻʵڶ죬ʱָֻ˵ۻʵѣʱ죬һۻʼֻ壬ԿɶԸĹʥ̣ħںͲལĳۻʣûκһ˿ʤ㣬ֱӱѡ˶ߡ
Ǽˣܻκ顣
ӣӵ𡣡
Ц
Ŷߵ߾аֻۣһǰֱһȭ¡
ˣ
𶯣ҡͬһɲľȭˡ
߾а۱ɫֱӳһѪɫͷһȭӭȥ
ѪɫͷΪһ۷챦ʱѪâƺܾˡ
ȭɸ£Ͼǵۻʼǿֻ塣

ͬײĴ۷챦Ѫֱӱҵһҡ˵졣
С֣ҽ챦㣬
߾аۿٵ
ֻһζݵĽ棬ǿĿ£ڵۻ죬µĺˡֻﵽۻ죬ս㤣ãԼΪ䴦۷ʱڣҲܹס˿̵죬±ġ
Ҫƽն۷챦һҵġ
ڵˣ顣
ǰһȭѹ¡
ˣ
ʮ߾аɡ
߾а۴ڿѪǿĵϱ鲼һѺۣ־ŭֻֿ֣壬㲻ҪƱƼ˱ɱ˱ԼҲḶشۣ


1249 ֻ
߾аۿӿѪҧڣ۷챦Ѫɫͷ䱸Ķ졣
ǾһԣܱƵҸĴۡ
ƽ
粽ϣûиӵʽһֻȭѹϡ
˵һƬմɽҡΣͬ˳һ㡣
ǵۻʼֻƣ޵УһȭӳҲĪܡ
߾а۴𣬳۷챦⣬Ѫâ졣
飡
ȭƿƥһȭѪâѪɫͷɣ߾а۱ҲϵŵŵɵĺˣۼһܼѺۣѪ

ƽ
Ͽ粽һ߾аۣһĽâն¡
һʱ䣬ϵĽ쳹ⷽգĽӿϣ߾аУһ˿һܿռ䡣

߾а۾ŭӣۼͨ˴򣬿Щ⡣
͵ģд󲿷ֽâ飬һֽâȴûб¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһ߾аʮâᴩ͸Ѫ
ޱƽΣȴôңǻð⿴ˬ
ԶЦ
ѽ
С̫ģĻӶСצӣЦ߾аۡ
ıʼһǳƽƽĮٴγŶԷȥ
֮죬ϣɫ콣âӿܹһС
СĪҪ̫ҪƱ
߾аɫѿԵЩ׺ݡ
ﬣ
Ͻϣɫ콣âֱն˹ȥˡ
۸ΣΣҧң
ƽ
£콣âԻÿһޱ
߾а۷챦ۻʾ͵Ĵͨתۼնķ飬ٴκɣһײľ󷽲סΣ˱Ѫģ
С
ŭ
˲ǰ̧־һơ
žһ߾а۰նˣݻѪˮƮڿС

߾а˻˳ʮ꣬ѹʮޱƽ𾳽磬ȴȻһʮĺС裬⡣
Ҫ㸶ۣ

һ̣¡¡ģвѪ˿Ѫâͬɽ緢һ㱩ǡ



ܣһı飬һĳݡ
ֻתۼѣ߾аϵϢʼǣΪҲʼӵۻ쿪ʼڽϣֻǹȥ߸ѣȻʹﵽ˵ۻʾ۷塣
Զݣϰ鳣òʩչĳַǳµĽȼԼԴǿлָΪ߶ȣޱƽ𾳲ˣ
䣡
ӿ߾аⱩǣҲڷڣƱú
СƱģػ۷壬ɱ㣬ҲҪ㸶ΪصĴۣ
߾а˻еѪ˿øˣ˳޺˿ʩչػ۷壬ԺܹΪҲµۻʾ
䣡
䣬ϵϢøˣϢͬһӵ߳Ҫһжѣȥ
ϢޱȾˣȻ
ӭȿֲƣӭʱ߾аۣƽ̫ˡ
䣡
ɫѪƵûκαһ̵ȫֲܺƵ
͵ģһ罻֯ϣͬŵʱճһ߾а۱ȥÿһ£ⷽΪ֮
СӣۻѣϢȻѾﵽ˸߶ȣүеĻҪ£治ǿֻ壡
ľ
Խָ۷״̬߾аҲһо˿ɢϢɵõŵŵɵĺˣ㣬㡭ʱɢϢ̫ˣ۷״̬ǿֹ
Һʴȣ۷״̬ս

߾аһͬʱޱȷŭԼƵʩչָ۷ֱɢֲϢԵѹʴȣ

ŭĽ裬ͬʱ߶ֵۻʼ򣬴߶۷챦ɱ졣
۷챦ɢѪâѪɫͷХͬ䡣
ƽһŲϣ˵һ죬ƹԽŵӿͬˮһ㳯ǰ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫߾а۷챦𶯳ѪâֱɢǿХɱ֮ҲС
漴ƹƲֱ߾аϣһ֮ĺɡ
ȣ
߾а۴ѪϵѺ۸ˣߵֱҿѪȾա
ƽӭ߾аۣһ¡
˶ٴκᵴһ߾аϣٴν֮ɡ
ۣ
ѪˮƮɣһΣ߾аߵҲըˣһƬѪ
ԶӣСӣսЩ𺳣ɵõȻֻÿһ󾳽綼Ի٣ֻҪսֱǺţͬڣɱħħ
ѽ
С̫ӶСצӣΪ컶
⣬۹ӿƹ߾аۺûеһʱɱˤڲԶѪɫͷöѪɫһѪɣϱ鲼ĵƣ֯ŵϢǳˣΪ߾а۵ĳѪɷ۱
ֱ̧֣ӽ챦ץ˹ӡһأѹ۱ڡ
Ѫɷ۱𶯣ڵıѹʼ
ϧȴǲûʲôãʵԸһ챦ڵıʵ̫ˣ׾ٵıǽ֮۷챦

߾аۿХȻоԼ۷챦ˣŭֵĶ죬ǳ֮ɫ޲졣

ͨѪ鲼һƿֲĵâɣ볯ѹȥ
һֱ̣ӵͷߣһĳԶȥ
ˣ
ۣΪԷҪǰˣȴû뵽ԷȻֱˣٶ̲סզֱ࣬绹Ҫʮ
̧֣һ߾аѹĿֲɱ⣬ûʲô仯
Ӳˡ
ƽ
ֱ׷ȥ
С̫Ľɫһ
ʱ߾аѾӳ˺Զȴ˦죬ٶ̫ˣӰΣĸ
ﬣ
нɫ콣âԻնӶݵ߾аۡ
۵һ߾анһֱ۵նķ顣

߾а۸Ӿŭٵܣٶȡ
Ȼʼպƽȵĸϣ콣âʱնݿࡣ
һתۣʱȥ׷ɱ߾аۣԽʮɽ߾а·µţͬʱҲƬʿ˶һĻ˵Ա˫ۡ
ǡ߾аۣ
˵еǸޱƽ𾳵ˣڡӣ
Ǻǡֻ壿׷ɱ߾аۣ
һʿ𺧡


1250 ޵
һʿĿ࣬׷ɱ߾аۣ˶ǲɵõ
⣬ǡ
˵߾аǰǰȡֻرԴ
ٵĹĸк߾аۣ
Ҫ߾аǰǱ˰
áǿƣ
ʿҺ
䣡
ϣܹ߾аۻѪѺۣޱǱ
첻ĸ콣âһһն
ۣ
Ѫˮ߾а۵һȱնУֱը顣

߾аͬʱҲſ־塣
˳ʮ£ĹãҲΪˣ
¡¡ģǿĵٴ١ͬһʱ䣬ۻʼĵâһɱ⳯նȥһƬƬգܺˡ
ƽ콣âƣնС
Ӳˡ
ôĸ֣ǳƽ
£һΣھصǲһֱӳ߾аԡ
߾аһ𣺡㡭
ž
ֱ̧֣һĶ߾аϣ֮Զ
һ߾аԶرһ޴ӡ

߾аְһƣңʱʿڿš
˫۸ѪˣĶ죬ҧҧתԶȥ
š
ֻǣٶȲ̫࣬ʱŸոһͱ۵ԡ
ž
һĶ⣬춯֣ٴν߾аۻʳɡ
⣬⡭
Ǹ߾аۣȻȫûз
ǵۻʼֻ壬̫̫ˣ
ۻʼڣмĶ֣
ֱֱ޵˰
ʿĲ֮ǰѾʶӻ֪ﵽ˵ۻʼΣ֪ٵ˻Ĺʥ̵ĸУ֪սǳֲʱЩļ£˲ɵö¡
̫ǿˣ
޵֮ˣ

߾а˻ڲԶסΣӾŭ
Ŀ֮£쾹Ȼֳһ⣬ֱͱһܡ
裡

Ҫ
ȻѾ֪ԼӲħƣʱ򣬳׷ˡ
¡һȥ֯ϢͻȻʼǣҿʼޱȵĻңһɻԵĲɢ
ǣ
ҪԻ٣
ܣ
طһʿһĻ˶ŵɫһס
һޱƽ𼶲εѡԻ٣ǵȻԿֲǿߵȫһ
һʱ䣬ವģƿһʿԶȥ
Сӣˣ
ԶС̫һֱʱҲǱɫںȵ
֪߾а۷ǳ£Ի٣ǿɲǿЦģֲĺܡ
䣡
ԵںƵ߾аϵˣҲӵĿֲ
ʮռ䣬һ̮
һ
߾аĶ죬ޱԹ
漴ϵĻ𲨶øӿֲлƶ͵졣
ֲˣ
⣬Ϣ
ˣǵۻʼֻҲܵס

֮ǰվʿѾܳ˺Զ˶£̲סڴ󺰣Ҫ˿̵߾аӲΪȻǳǿƣȴδκѹ캦£ңΪʿ˾ǿƺܣǻ񳯺ͻĹĶ÷ǳʹ죬ʱһЩʿһĻĵﲻϣطѡ
䣡
ֲӿʮ
߾аʱ嶼ŤˣͬǱһ㣬Ũ
ˣɣһ

˵ǰֲĻʹܵÿһռ䶼סˡ
Դˣɺƽ
ˣһˡ
˵
˵һӡԻһԻأǰ߾аۻ£߾а֣һޱǿķӡƵ֯ʮ
ûãƾͼѹƲסʱң
߾а۸оǿķӡ˻
첻Բ鲻䡣
˵һͼ֣ʼֵͼӣʱʹ÷ӡʹԻе߾аһ¶֮ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶݣСӣȻ޵ߵĲˣ
ˣ
ͼһ𣬺ƺƵʹ߾аĻʼ
߾а۲ױøԹģܣŵصͼ֣ԻƱǿжˣһɿֲڣʹôʱͬһ÷ŵһһϣڷɿ߽⡣
Σ˵̫ࡣ
츩߾аۣƽ
Ϊڵۻʵ죬Ͼƹݳӡĵغ͵أ֮ǰѾʱƿ˵أʱչֱԷӡһС
ʹ߾аһ־ŭ㡭
ʧ

˵һͼһһŵһͼ󻯳һɫС

߾а۾ִ󺰣һ̱Ǳɫû͵һ鿪

ˡ
һޱƽ𾳲εô
ޡ޵ˣ
Զʿ죬̲סҺ
վϣԵúƽ
Сӣսǲˣ
ĵС̫Ʈ˹
ô٣ɲǰװġ

⵹ǡͷֵȥĸλã
Ԫɡ

ԪɣҲǰȥֻرԴ
˵ţ˺գС̫Уֱʧط
⡭
뿪ˡ
ղͷĻƺҪȥԸĵۻʡ
һЩʿڣһͷΪĻ飬Щ˿ɲ˿ڮ٣ôô
˻Ĺʥ̵ĸ˶ʮǸޱƽ߾аۣҪۻʶֱ֣ǡҪַ찡
˶¡

ھ򣬱򡭡
һǰͻأѿС̫п˳
ˡ

ȥǰĴǳˮ΢´˿˿Եúƽ
̧֣ɫâն£ײ
¡һˡ
ʲôˣ
һһӰпȻǰԪɣڵۻʰ죬ǰΪۻʳڣָ˵ۻʵڶ졣
ҡ
һǿ絽Ԫɽǰ
Ԫһ۾ϳ죬ʱɫ䣺ֻ壬㣡㡭

ֻôһ֣н֯һ¡
۵һԪɵǱ飬󣬽ɫĻһӿ֮ڣ͵Ľ顣

򣬼ħ𡣡

䣬˺ǰŻСֱ̫ӿС


1251 ֮
ھĴ򣬶ҪŨϲ٣С̫Ƭһ֯ڹϿ⣬ɫħŨԵЩ쬵ġ
ħ١

ۣγԴȣӦģؼҲɷĴڣɷۣǿγħɢħ
ħǲһЩͨʿΪ͵𣬶ħԹžʿȻħŷǳĺô
ƿ˴ôãҲǽῴһЩˣҶħ£Ҳٵ˽һЩ
ǶĿȾ
ͷۿϿУûʲôֱһնȥ
וּһɫ콣âƵϿ֮ڣնգֱӽϿȸķѣ̳
䣡
ɲħưܵϿڳһӰɳк⽻֯
ͨħâǳŨɱ߳ȻǰȥǿԴļħ𣬵ޱƽΣȴֻеۻء
ΪڵǸʱ³֣ʿӵۻʾ˵ۻʵڶأʱҲֻǻָ˵ۻʵˮ׼ѡ
ϿпħȻ˸֮վϿʱȴǵһʱɫ㣡
һգڻĹʥ̵ĸ츲ʱھļħȻȻ֪ʱͷһ
ɱң
˳
ѵãȲ裿
ƽ
Ż䣬ֱӶ֣콣âĳħնȥ
ֻ壬ȻɵˣҲ̫ţǱĵ̣ݲ
ħ
¡һطĵһֲħӵص֮³תۼ佫ܵÿһռ䶼ס͵Ľն콣âȫն顣
ˣ
ħâ֯
һ̣ƬռУһɲħƽ֯ÿһǷǳˡ
ϻڵص׿ºܶħƣħǣ˵صħ
˵
ࡣ

ʱħƽ֯һ˵ħӵص׳ܵÿһƬռȫѹŷǳɱۻʾǿ߾ѡ
ǵޱƽ𾳲εˣȻΪˣֶȴҲǺܿ£ԶһĵۻʿԶԿˡ

䣡
ħԵصײϳ𣬷ǳ£һҲԼħڳħħƺƵɲʥǼۻʲɱơ
طתۼ䱻һޱϢˣɱƽ֯ÿһ䡣
СӣҲǼӣ뿪ٵչ֮£㲻ƽϣ
ħ
죬ħâ֯һ˿̰ȡֻرԴͬʱлһ˿⣬ΪˣֱӼǵϣɱ⡣ȻимɵΪǼȷʵܹ˼ɡ
쿴ˣƽ
գΪɱ
˵
˵ţֱƽ֯ϣǰĴƬħ⣬һǿ絽ħǰǿĽɫѪᴩļħһģŵŵɺˡ
㡭
ħ𵱳ɫʱɢϢļ£طĿնۻʾɱ󣬾Ȼ˿ҲûУ׾ͱٵ˴ħơ

һһû˿ԥǳϣֱӺˣħߡ
ˡ
Ʋ졣
ûʲôֱ׷ϡ
С̫ѽĽɫ
ಣ
ƿܼ񣬼ħӵĺܿ죬ͨĵۻǿ̫ˡ
ϧȴ˦죬ٶȣ죬еĸ
һۣħӳԶ;һʿĿ
Ǽħڡ׷ɱ
׷ɱˣǡֻ壡
⡭
ʿ𺳡
ħɫܲÿôʿԼ׷ɱúܶǾˣȴǲ˿۷챦ħնһɱ죬ٵĳǰߣֱ˺գҪӶݡ
ˡ
Į
ʱ٣һǿ˹ۻʴӡѹ£ħ˺ѷ飬ͬʱֱӼصӡħ¡С
ħʱһֻоڵ궼ڿʼ߽⣺ס֣
¶֡
ûʲôȵȡԴˣȻ顣
ˣ
ӡһһɫĴУֱӽħ׷顣

ˡ
Ǹħ𣬾ô
áǿ
طһĻһʿļ£˾η֮ɫ
ǿ缫ħ𣬾Ȼô򵥾ͱնˣš
Ǵ˵еǿʣսֱǡ
жҺ
ǰϣ˼ħ۷챦һֽ֮ӡչת۽ڵıĨԼʶڡ
ȥ
ʵ
ۣмϼһһҳ
˵ţԶȥطλȥ
ߡˡ
ֻ尡
£
Ŀ뿪Ĵ򺮲

նУúλõһĴɽǰֱӿ롣
ܿ죬ǿдѵأһӰǱĶԶ
̧֣һɱնֱӽӰնķ飬ͬڵҲĨ飬ֱʧһɶ
а˸϶ⶫ򡣡

ŶЩɢ޵ۻʵټھռ࣬ʮˡ
ЩͼȡֻرԴĵˣԲ飬Ҫһն
뿪С̫Ƭط
󣬺ܿ죬ڡ
ǰİնˣ
棬ɱ
ǰʼĴۣҲҲˣ
ۣҲ
ǰİˣڵۻʰ۷尡Ҳɱˣ
һգھڣһϵĵۻʱնľ
Ǹֻ壬ֱֱ
ʿĶ¡
̶һڣĹʥ̡ħںͲལ٣߾а۵һڹǿ߱նһھѾгʮۻ䡣
ǡ֮𣿣
˿־塣

ھ򣬶һĴɽС
䣡
֯нݺᡣ
С̫
ŭ쳹ⷽĴɽ
ɫ콣âݺᣬһӰܣѪԵúǱ
šսۡڵۻʾ죬ǰȡֻرԴʱΪʱָ˵ۻʵ죬ʱͬۻ죬Ե÷ǳ


1252 ɲ
쿴Ŷսۣƽ콣âϣŶԷȥ
ﬣ
ɫ콣âķն¡
ս۱Ƶȫ⣬ȴԵֵˣֱնķ顣

⣬ٳԶӶݣһαǧԶ
첻ת׷ȥԶ
ˣɡ
ƽ
֣ӡʩչɫĵͼ񷣬ƺƵѹ¡
һʱ䣬ǿķӡ֮ӿͼӣսС
ס֣飡
ս۾ֻ֣оѪڱһɿµ߽⣬㤡
ƽôܻ顣
˵һӡ𶯣ɫͼһ𣬽֯һɫĴУսУֱһѪζûн
ھĵȥ㱾ԴЩ϶˰ɣ
ʵ
ͷˣȥڰ򡣡
˵ţֱط˺ϣ׼С
һ̣ݣ¶һ˿⣬ǧ⿴ȥ
ȥǸطһӣԼռзԲңԵúͨЩͨԱߣͬʱɢҵķֲżɫĴʯ
ǣ
ӣʲôҲоȴһɷëĸо
ֻһ˲ѣëĸоȴĪʧˡ
СӣôˣЩ̲סʵͬʱҲ˳ĿȥǿӴôˣ쳣ƺͨİ
ΪҲ磬оȥԶӷǳƽ
С̫ĿƫСԴȻҲûʲôһĵط
ȥСһЩ

ʱԶӣַëĸоѾ٣һʼַëȴǷǳʵЩŹ֡
ܿ죬ԼС̫ӵϿգ¿ȥʱںģףͨص׵һ
˸оϺ⣬ĺͨ

һ߹۲죬һ߼ǿɨӣһж
üҲųɨӣҲûз쳣
ǣ֮ǰַëУȴʼͻ
̫ԡ

֮ǰĵһоŲйŹ֡
˶٣һץһʯڶȥ
ʯʻɫգ۱ûӣûʲôֱӵ䵽ײȥˡ
ɣûʲô쳣
˵
üԡ
һȺԶɹ˶٣ץһֳֻӶȥ
һ¾ͱڣһæĴųɡ
һͨûʲôŹֵĺðɡ

춢һĻѵղǸоˣ˻þ
·΢΢üԹԵҡҡͷ
һ˲䣬֮ǰǹɷëĸоٴγˣǴӵײұһʼַëǿ̫ˣָоֱڤǸǿʱҪоļ£һնҪࡣ
ˣ
ɫâƵС̫ٳԶơ
һŹ֣СӣͻȻʲ
䣡
˵ϢͻأֱӴĻ
ȥλãѾɵӱԵȻһ̣ǿͨȴͻأڹ⣬Ե֮һ㣬ת۱ǽûңǹɿֲϢֱ޾Ʋ㣬һУһʯĥӰĺڶ֣Ŀͬ߶û˽ȥ
¡¡ģһ쫷ϯ죬С̫ɡ
ֱ˫ۣ׶亹ֱ
⡭
һĻסˣгǵڹʵֲ̫ˣǸоþǿ߰ϣҲ޷ֵˣתۼͻᱻɣǰС̫ƿȥǹȫý
ǿС̫ǵɴۣѩ׵ëը
ȻҲĲֽŶЩ¡
ղڹ⣬ֲ̫ˣڷ⳾ȵĵۻʽټֱֲ򱶲ֹ
⡭
ǿʱֱһļµĸоļֱ
ǰ֮ϣڶʣɿ͹ߣʹطһӱڳڹȴԱɽȥͬƺһڷӿ
ֻʱѣЩڹµתǿУգʧϸֳЩڶҲʧͬûгֹһ㡣
ֱֻʧӰ٣Ϣȫʧһ˿Ҳоˡ
񣬱ǿӣ̡ˣ
˿Һ
ˡ

֪һ㣬ȴ̲סһ£Զǲ׵ӣƿӵʲôֱǡӰǿ߿ҲھȻôһΣյĵطżûӵļذ˵ţֿ죬ң֮ǰ㶪ȥʯͷʱ򣬲һҲûôǵ£ƿӷѵʱΣ
쿴룬ܣֻϢŻзӦ
˵ţٴζ֣ץʯ飬ûĶǿӡ
һУǳƽ
ԶץһͷӥźԶľ룬ǿӶȥ
תۣӥǿڡ
䣡
ͬ񱻶ʱһ㣬¡һڹֱһС
䰵ڶһУԼ䣬Ұĥӿӵ״
ȻֻԴϢзӦҺǿӣǼɵڿӣֱǡ
ʱܹ뵽ӵݴֻһֲ
ˣ
նڶʧڳֲֿڹҲֱɢ
Ǹطָֻԭȥֻһͨӡ
춪еͷӥȻѾʧһɶ
쵹һʱѾԳȷǿֻϢзӦһǿӣǻгǿɻһеĿֲڹ⡣ֻǣȴ⣬ǵһοס
֯ƸӦĵƣ󣬷طĵǳʲôĴ֣ʹɻ
·ʲô
ü
ƣ޷̽Ѱӵײʲôȴţ¾зǳµĶ٣ֿһеڹ⣬Ǵӵײ
ٴμƣ̽Ѱϧ̽Ѱʲô
̽ѰĽǳ
ǿӣɫҲžâվãȴҲֻҡͷطȫ㲻ס
գȥ̽ΪԹκѾ޷Ū
Ȼ㲻طôһ£Ժܹõϡ

վãǿӣкС̫뿪
ȥڰ򡣡
˵


1253 
ǰǿֻرԴľڵھһЩۻʣѾնʱ˺ϣԶǷɲӣСֱ̫ӿУһ̱ʧڵھ
ڰסҰ󣬲ûйȥ̫ʱ䣬һޱǴпȥ

зڴһ֣һƬƬҶڷл졣
ڰ򡣡
ۡ
ѽ
С̫ĽҴǵһμڰӡ
ϴŵЦ۴Ƭ
һ̣˺Żһ׹⡣
ȥڵĻǳдĲУԶϨһĵۻʳǿ߹ƶѳܵˡ
ȥȡֻرԴϼһǣ˭
ʵ
Ƶ

˵ţһ׽֯һͷɫڡ
һ׹ȴĻֱӱɫĴ׸롣
ʲôˣ
һͳűĺ⡣
һߴӰӹڿ˳âƣȻƵ
û˵ʲôֻ콣âֱ֯ӽܷˡ
㣡
Ƶ죬֪ھЩʲôе¶̰֮ɫֻ壬Ȼôֱߵǰһھ޴أ
ʱ죬ֻڵֻرԴȴԼΪΪ£ȴһޱȿֲ´ڡ
񡣡

וּһ콣âն쵽¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ǿƵֱӱնķ飬ĲɽҲһķѣǿ콣â˸ס

Ƶŭ𣬲ûڵһʱȥתŭĶ죬ǣ쾹Ȼ˵ŭǣһ˳ʮˣȻһʱʮС˵ˣܡ
㾹Ȼ˱
졣
৵һƿ֮ϣ̧־һơ
ž
һĶƵɣݻѪˮС
ûжλλá
ƽ
Ż䣬еĵɢϵնŤ
ƵԶסΣʱоĵʱɵһ
㡭ﵽ˵ۻʾǡۻ죡ɫŵı飺ôܣǰֻѣʱ䣬ôܴﵽĸ߶ȣⲻܣ죬һͫʾҵ˸š
ʱ䣬شﵽۻأٶ̫ˣš
ƽһ̣ƿ֮˲ֳƵǰ
Ƶһ𣬱ٶȻȫûĶ㡭
飡
̧ȣһǱƵϣֱӽ֮ߵĺɡ
ѪˮƮڿУƵɳȥԶסѪģ
Сˣ
ŭĶ죬쾹Ȼһϣǳ
䣡
ڳ⣬ӿâˡ
һɲǣǳǰ˲ƶ㣬Ī⡣
㡭
飡
̧ȣһǱƵϣٴν֮߷ǧԶ
˵ˣûλԼλá
ƽ
ƵԶסӰʱĻھŭлعɵһɺվǰĿһۻֻ壡
㡭
̲סˡ
һ룬Ϊֻǻָۻѣ˵ۻʼҲڵۻʵϣΪ˿Ҳڵټǿֻ壬һǶ֣
쿴˵ı仯ЩԼǴһʲôλϡ
ˣȥ
㡭ʲô
Ƶһ
ʱ뵽ǵۻֻ壬˱һӵ⡣
ۻֻ壬սǵж£
£

ƵȥƽȴʹƵһ
ɱң
УƵɱ⣬ڵɱ⡣
첻˵ʲôƵȥͬʱнâԻ
ңʱĽâԷǳ£ŻԵĵ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
һ̶Ľص콻֯콣âȫƵնȥ
Ƶһһʱۻʴͨ⡣
ֻǣĽâ̫ǿֱ˺Ƶͨ۵Ľ֮ᴩ
һ̣ٴο絽ǰֱ̧ѹ¡
ˣ
յ𶯣֮һѿ
Ƶ㤣ֱӸовһȣһ貱ơ
յͭɣϱ鲼ŵƣΪһ۷ε챦
ƵڱƣǿӭĴ֡

һƽĴ죬Ĵѹ£ֱӽڱƸĵĺɶ
㡭

ƽһ絽ƵǰӶȭ
˵һ̮Լ䣬һӿֱ֣ӽƵû

һҽдƵը
ǿʣɱͬʿֱƵġ

ѽ
С̫۾ģĽ
ʱ֣ԶƵǿͭлأֱʩչӡڵıĨȥ֮Լʶ
һ
кС̫뿪طڰطȥ
֮ûйȥ೤ʱ䣬ȺƬͬλϣѰһһȥȡֻرԴϵۻʣֱӳ֣ЩȫĨɱ
ֱһʱͣһʱ䣬Ƭɱ߸ۻʡ
ˣǰȡֻرԴ
򡣡
һעһµӣĵ֮գ֣߹߹䣬ܹնɱʮһϵǿߡ
ЩˣǰȥȡֻرԴɵۣǶŹ
ò˵ǣв˵ֱӱ½Ϊ䵽˵ۻʾ֮£ȥûлָ٣ɱʱü˶Ǵ硣
ˣ
ڵ˺ѷ죬һ̳ڵ
ʮһƬƬɱ¾޴ڡ
ƬɨƬ硣
Ƭսá
ߡ
۶ĳһ˺գС̫Уһ̳һ޴Ԩǰ
Ԩһɫɽ䣬ЩţҲ֪ȥ˶Զ
ȻǵһǳϵΣԨ
еȥȡ㱾Դϵۻʣ
Щ졣
С
ͷŶĽ
䣡
ͻȻԨǿᲨ𣬷ǳ
Ԩײĳλãеӿнɫ⽻֯
ɫ⣬ǡݣ̫ľϢ


1254 Ҷͯ
Ԩǳܿ㣬ʱȥԨȻнɫ⽻֯ţ̫ľϢʹ¶ȣҲǶݡ
쿴Ԩн֯ƹ⣬Լһս
ǡ
һĨâǲɵùһĨЦ⡣
飬ЩŹ֣СӣЦʲô
С̫ƫСԴ죬һ汦ӡ
߰ɣȥ֪ˡ

ԨڵһƬǳΣյĵط鲼ɫΪݼŵݻɣһǿ߶ֵˣһմȾϣǿܻ
еĻɫֻÿһضʱβŻʧȻǸʱϣ鲼ҺŨиʴһеϢڽ֯
С̫Ԩ£ΪǿᣬֻߣеĻɫɢ޷Ȼȫ
УûпƬԨ
䣡
ȥǰܹɫӿɫɷ֯ھײ
һһ۵ڽ棬һ£ƽɫ⣬нɫâΧϣĽƺܾˣͬһ꽣
۵ԸǿһЩ⽻֯ŵĵӺ䡣
Сɣ㲻ϷĶ֣ۣϷҪˣ
꿪ڣд̰֮⡣
޳ԻԵЩۣһ˫۾̫⡣
ǡҶͯ
Զݡ
ԶԶĿһĻʱ¶ȵı顣
Ľɫ⣬̫ľǽɫĽâȻ콣ǵ촫£Ҫǣ۾̫֯⣬Ϊ˵е̫ۣһֽ֯һʹֱϳʲôˡ
ϴŵЦڵۻ򣬻Ԩ֮ʱͿ泡һµ꣬ҲϳҶͯ
ʱ졣

СҶͯĵһӣѾΪһжƺ󣬴һ졣
䣡
ǰҶͯ͵棬ɫ콣âնգˡ
ͬһʱ䣬˫̫⣬ʹõϵվȻŤϢֱɫ׻֣ŻһеϢնˡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ɫ׻ǳˣһЩͨٻ٣ƲŵϯȥҪ֮մ
úúãǴ˵еۣ̾ͨףܺã
е̰֮Ũ
¡¡ģҶͯĵŨһЩǿӿ˳
һ˲ѣɫ׻ֱӱ
ҶͯɣѪ
ʵ򣡡
ֱ̯֣Ҷͯץȥ
ӿ˵Ϊڰ벽ۻʾȴһİ벽ۻǿ̫ˣӸǷǳɣ䣬ǰ벽ۻʼʿܹ߱
Ҷͯȫ֣콣âɨ˫е̫Ũزƶ
̫ۿԿ෨ʱ
СӣôţһصΪԿ벽ۻʣСҶӾߴ˵е̫ۣҲԲϼһĶ֣οϻǴӵۻʾڵģʵԶһİ벽ۻǿ˵ۻ֮޵Ҳˡ
Զü졣
ǵ꣬ųݵˣǰȥǿֻرԴڵۻʵ죬ֱӽΪ䵽죬ʱ󣬻ָ˰벽ۻʲΣսɲһİ벽ۻʿɱȡ
ԭĿģΪɱ˶
д΢΢âȿһ
Ҷͯݵ棬֪ԭ򣬵ȴܿĳҶͯݵ˵Ķ֣ˣȴҲǲų֡ʱʮ֮󣬵СһﳤˣΪһ죬ĺܲʱ뿴һԼΨһļܶԿݵ˵һ
С̫ʱȴսԶڼϢûκ˿Է֡
䣡
ȥǰҶͯݵսһ콣â˻ġ
ݵߣѹ䣬â𶯣һ콣âȫ顣
СʵʵķӲģ
ݵ˵
¡¡ģһƬƬɵڳǳˣһС
ңУڽ֯ǳһ㡣
ϻоȻ
졣
Ҳ¶ɫһ̣Ƕݡ

һĨ⣬ͻȻϳЩϤ
ԺвĸֳһߴҰӰ
ƲԣϢ
һĨâ
ƲԣڶɽʥӣʮеĻ壬ǳǿ󡣵ڵڶƲΣ֮һֱûû뵽ʱȻݵϸоƲԵϢǵڻС
ʲô

ЩǺס

üˣϣôлƲе
䣡
ӿǰҶͯݵ˽棬̫ľתĺܿ죬콣âʮ̫ۿ͸򷨣ȻԴӵۻʾڵĳǿǶ֣ȴҲսķǳ£޳ͬƽɵһ㣬˻ġ
úúãǳã
ݵ۷âȡҶ̫ۣͯҶͯԽǿȻԽˣΪҶͯԽǿȡҶͯۺ󣬶ĺôǾԽ
ҶͯԲ콣âɨսƺŨ
Ϊľ޴಻սƺŨ룬ݵˣҶͯУβ㱻ʺѪҺȾȫϴżǰ͸Ѫ
ˣ
ѪɫҶͯӿһ˿˿ʥϢٵ޸ơ
̫
úúã̫˫ڵĸֹžҲܾˣĺܺãЩǱģ
ݵе̰֮ɫŨˡ
¡һڳĵҲֹһ֣о֣Ҷܲ
ִ֯Ƭռÿһ䣬ƺƵĳҶͯѹ¡
һĻܾˣŨŨĵâѹ£ǵۻʳڵǿҲöݣϾݵԭǴڵۻʵ죬Ϊﵽ벽ۻʾսȻ԰벽ۻʵսԽ̫̫ˡ
һʱ䣬͵һܵÿһռ䶼ѹˣϢˡ
СӣóˣһӦϻȫСҶûܵ
Զٵ
ͷȻ֪
䣡
ǰ޾ѹ£ֵâΧҶͯϣѹһС
ȹƣ̫һҲû˿ˣʹҶͯЩ
ҲʱһԱ𣺡û£ġ
һ΢ƿԶϢҶͯϡ
ʱ䣬͵ģѹҶͯǰĵâһʱȫ


1255 ֮
ĵâȫϢĳ֣ʹҶͯһ˲䶯ݡ
ʦʦ
Ҷͯһ¶ϲɫû뵽쾹Ȼط
ԵֱѾȥʮˣ˻ˡ
Ѿˣǵ¶Сӣʱ죬ȹæһ
һЦ͵
һ㣬һøЩǡ
˵
ʦϾƹʹûʲôÿμ涼ʦֶٽУǣϾƹصˡ
ιιιء
Ʋ졣
Ҷͯͷϴһ˿壬þòѽ
ѽ
С̫צӣҶͯк
ҶͯС̫ſڣ֪С̫˭ΪǵһμС̫
ܴϻֻۣһ˲ǿڣӦС̫Сʦá
ѽ
С̫۾״Եúܻ֣һСצӣȡö鱦ɫŵݵҶͯǰٲȻڸ
֮ǰ뿪ɽʱժģһժ˲٣ö֮ࡣ
鱦
ҶͯԾȻϵֶȻڰ벽ۻʼǿ߶ԣ䡣
ѽ
Сֵ̫ߴҶͯ¡
Ҷͯƫͷ졣
û£°ɣⶫСʦ˵ֻͨˡ

ҶͯŽӹС̫ллСʦ壡
鱦Сƫͷ죬˫۷ų⣬һ˿˷ܣʦǸֻ壿𣿣ʿʣʮʼ˾֪ȻҲѾ֪ˡ
ֻ塣
ͷ
Ҷͯ۾ʱˣѾһ꣬ȴǴЩ
ֻ壡
˷ˡ
ֻ壬ʷǿʣʦȻʡ
ֻ壡
һԶ
ݵ˸ղΪĳ־Ƭ̣ʱ򿪿ˣĿֱĿ죬һ˿̰ҪֻرԴͬʱҲг޺ͼɵڽ֯
УΪΪĹϵ߸С̨׵Ϊӵۻ䵽Ϊֱڻûȫָû¿ۻʾɵȻηǼˣǼˣκһֶ
ƫͷʱĿݵϡ
ûԷ˵ʲôϻһ絽Էǰֱ̧֣ܡ
ݵɫһСΪм˳ţΪȻΪµۻʾҲ⡭˵ţͻȻ䣬ݵ˱ɫһɷǳǿܣȻʹһҲܶˡ
㡭
죬¶ɫȻʱֱӽѹסˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶͯҲǶݣղźݵһսǷǳԷжô£Ȼ赭дľʹݵʧȥж

ݵ˵ͺ𣬵ʹʮҪƿѹ
ϰ鳣˷ˣûСѾɵ𣿡Ʋ죬ھĻĹʥ̡ħںͲལǸˣ߾аǼҲȥˣڵ㣬ſ⣿
⻰һݵ˶ʱ󾪡
ʦɵˣ
Ҷ̲ͯס
֪ᵽǼʲôģʲôΣҲ֪߾а۵ǺεΪֻǲ׽ɵ˵Ϣɴ˫ۡ
ʮ겻ĶʦȻѾ˵ۻʾ磿
ǿԸʮľ簡
ܣǰ죬ѣôۻʾҡĹǼôܻᱻ׵٣ܣ
ݵ˲Ըţɨֶ죬Ϣ̫ˡ
쿴ˣûʲôüĽ֯⣬һֱûʶ
ǿĵۼʵǿп˵ʶҪŪϣΪλлƲе
ȥ
ݵ˴С
ƽ̧һȭ˸ʹֱѪﱻֹס
ͬһʱ䣬ʶûʶܿѰ֪¡
Ʋԣˡ

ݵ˵ʶУ֪ΪλлƲԵԭԾʵɱƬƲԣ˶ԷĻ屾Դ
ЩǸҰĻƲԣȻôĽ֡
ɱ

ƲԣһǳǿľУû뵽ǣôһҰǿˣȻȥ˻Դ
ݵˣĿ˼֣ôϲ˵ıԴҲһԱԴζ˵ţֱӶ֣ʥתʶûԷڣҲȥнӶԷѪ⾫ֻǴԷѪԴʹöԷѪ֮ԴϢɢ䵽ؼȥ
˵ƲȻһˣȻܰԵܿҰȴֱֱһҲôҵ³ݵʹЩ̾Ϣټݵ˵ҲȥȡֻرԴһصһʹӲʱ򣬳ֿνǷǳпᡣ

ݵ˲ҽУޱ
Ѫ⣬Դʵ̫ʹˣһиϵѪ⻹Ҫʹǧ򱶡
ס֣סְ
ҽ
ޱ飬ʥתʥ֮ⲻӿݵڣԾԵʵѹƣǿԷѪԴʹöԷϵľɿɢ
סס֣ס֡
ݵ˲ҽС
һḶ́ҪԷԿͷԷĹһʱŽ
һʱ󣬶ԷѪ⾫ԴȫƮɢؼ䣬ͬǸʬ㡣
쵯ָһ΢ûԷĸɿڣֱʹը鿪
ݵˣ
ԶҶͯ˸ݵҵʵͷƤ顣
תۼ䣬۾ˣ˷ܵĶ졣
ǿ󣡡
ק˫֡ʮδʦǿˣǿ˷ܺԺ
ݵˣ˹
ô֮
Ҷͯ
ôʣҲҶͯЩ档
Ҷͯ£С֮ǰҶң֣ڳ澳ʧܣԪѾҪŲסˣѰһҩڻƻָԪҩѰˣȻȻ͡Ǹˡ
ֱ˫ۣʲôȻΪǸ϶ܵðգ
ʮǰҶͯСʱ򣬱ҶҼ֮ܽıʦɽ̫ۣ֮һֻ֮ܽϣһֻƽ̶ȥǸʱСҶͯ˫ױʧȥ˫ۺ󱻶С¥ڣҶҲŲʣֻһڴǰչˣȻ֪һҲ֮ܽȡҶֻۣͯǵ£һֱǵá
Ҷûа˿øУʱҶͯΪҶðգЩ
ҶͯȻܸоʱЩСվһߣ˵
ɨһۣҶͯû££û


1256 Ҷ
һҶҸ߲ЩҲûκκøУʵЩʮǰԻСҶ̫ͯںģҶѣֵҶͯΪ֮ôΪ֮Ԩðա
Ҫ֪ԨĿݼŵûɢȥǳ£ҶͯȻǿ̫ۣѪǳҴ߶ȣЩΣգһŪþп䡣
ˣҶͯΪɱʾ⡣
ӣȻҶǰĶԴȴԸΪҶܵðգ˵Ӻ飬Т֮һֿĺء
ҩѾѰƬʦٽˣȻҶȥ

Ҷͯʱ¶һ˿ϲɫллʦ
Цҡҡͷ
ߣ
ߣ֪ʲôʵԼҲҶͯԸܺã𵱳ҶҶͯôģҶͯΪ֮Ͳ
ҶͯСĵǸСԲ塣
ʵ֪Ϊƽ
ûٶ˵ʲô
ɨҲû˵ʲôֱط˺ѷ졣
ߡ
ҶͯС̫С
ڰҰ漴һɢȥǳһɽ⡣
˺սпռƶ
Ҷͯ˫۷Ź⣬ֶκҲǰ벽ۻʲſõ
һЦɽڣֱӶ֣һɫâֱն
¡һɽ𶯣ձ飬ķѣй̳
˭
ͬһʱ䣬һɭ𣬵رѣһߴӰ˳
ͨƵ۹⣬лĵۻʼ֯ϣϢǳǿᡣ
ۻʣ
ҶͯԾ
ɫƽǰȥŷԪۣɻǵң
ƽʹóĸߴӰʱɫһ
ֻ壡㣡
죬ߴӰʱͫһ
˺ųƹŷԪۣڵۻʾ죬ǰȡֻرԴʱֱ߸С̨׵Ϊ䵽ۻʵڶأھʱ󣬻ָ˵ۻʵ۷壬ʱ죬˸ֲ֯һĹ⡣
̰ޣɵ
к£
죬˵
ʱ˲֪漸Щʲô£֪ʵֱѹȡֻرԴ뵽Ͼƹʺºȴվס뷨ҳ嶯ʵ̫ǿͿˣ£ֻ뵽µģ͸о־塣
ûʲô£ɱѡ

˵ţŶԷȥӲ
ŷԪĻһ㶣漴¶Цɱƾ
ৣ
ƿյ𣬴ϹŷԪ۵Ļһ˲䣬˵ԡ
ŷԪ۶ʱһȻȫûпƶģ㡭
ˣ
̧֣ۻʴӡϻһĳŷԪֱС
·ǳʹùŷԪһɲǼов
ס֣ҡ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬Ĵ£ֱӽĵķ顣
漴֮ѹ£ס˵꣬һҽֱӽ֮
ŷԪۣʹ䡣
⡭
ԶҶͯˡ
һĵۻʼǿߣȻһƾ͸ˡ
Ǻεȿֲս
áǿ
˿Һ
ǿ󣬵߸
ȻܿҲʹ¶貵ĹԵøӵ˷ˡϾʦԼʦôǿȻһʹø˺ͼ¡
߹ȥһ
ŶݣȥȡֻرԴЩۻʣ
˺ѷ죬ҶͯС̫뿪һ̳һɫɷϿУΪһƬľأܶˡ
ҶͯС̫ֱһնϿڣ
תۣһ֯âӰгɭȻɱΪһϵĵۻʡ
ڿȴǶݡ
㣡
ǰȥȡֻرԴϵĵۻȻǵģ
ң㵱ˡ

ûʲôĻֱӳ֣ʩչӡ˲չֳͼ
ͼգϵĵۻ£ֱѹһС
ϵĵۻʵɫ䣬һ˲ϢоĿֲ㡭
־ŭͼ֮·
ϧȴûʲôá
ˣ
ͼ𶯣һصںΪһݻһɫĴС
۵һɫнû˲佫֮Уһ
Ҷ֮ͯһĻ嶼Щ
ͷżҶͯ΢΢һЦˣȥҶҡ
ƬĵˣѾҳȫնʱ˺ϣҶͯСֱ̫Ӵط뿪һ̱ڵ
ٴ˺ƶС̫һ޴ĸۡǰ
ȥۡһһĵ¥ҲܲףǰϿһġҶ֣ǵҶңҶͯļ塣
ߣ
ߣٴܲˬ
ʵҲôûкøУϵıȴԵúƽ
߰ɡ
ҶͯҶ֮ȥ
Ҷͥǰżأ˿壬æӭȥ
Ҷͯү
˿Ҷͯæ
ڲǰҶͯҶңҶЩȻϵóҶͯҶͯ𾴡
ͬһʱ䣬⼸ҶҵҲ죬һʱ䶼Ǵ󾪡
⣬ǡ
֣Ǹֻ壿
棬ǡ
죬⼸ҶҵӶһ˲ɵúһЩ㤡
ΪʵĹϵʱ¶ʮн缸ûм˲֪£ң֮ĸ˻֮дһʷᣬ㷺˿̼죬⼸ͥҶҵȻֱ˳
˵еǿԼһ֮⣬վǰʵ⼸ļ¡
λ֣ǼʦҪһȥ
Ҷͯ˵
Ҷӵæͷó·
ʵϣЩҶҵӶ֪˵еֻԼҶͯүʦ£ڵʱ¶֮תۼ䣬ǾѾҶ¡
Ҷң˶֪£ֻ֪Ҷ֮ͯʦ
ûʲô飬ѾǵһҶˣֱҶͯҶҡ
Ҷƽռļӵܲ٣룬ЩȻ졣
һʱ䣬һҶӵܽǴ
ǸǸ
ֻ壡
Ҷͯүһ壡⡭
̲סҺ
ʵϣһЩҶӵܵ죬ǵʮǰΪҶͯ۱һŭϵҶҼƷɽ£ʱҶͯһ߽ҶңЩҶӵܱҶӵܸӵļ¡


1257 Ҷ
ҶڣһҶӵܸоļ£ֻҶͯҶң˶ǲĶ£Ǿη
ûʲôҶͯҶȥҶҵ
֡Сֵܣ
Ҷڣһĸ߲㳤϶Уһ澳ʧѵĵ棬ʱ֣Ҷͯһݡ
㡭
죬һļ˸컹ڵʱǾ֪ǿͿ£ļ̴жֵϤһ·սھϣΪ˵ǿֻ壬ҶҶ𶯡
ʱ򣬼ٴγҶңЩҶҳ϶
СȣСֵܡ

Ҷһ񴲣Ҷҵϣƺܶ࣬˿Ҳ˲٣ϵϢǳ΢ͬһƻ㣬ʱпܻϨ
쿴ˣûʲôҲûʲô˵ֻǺƽĵͷ
ߣ
ߣܲˬ
ҶһڴԵЩΣȻ֪ûкøУҲеԭʮǰǸʱǶԻСҶͯȷʵǷǳ֡
ҶͯԼʦֿҶڳϣ첽Ҷǰ
ʯȡһתϽɫâ꣬֯ǳŨϢ棬Ͻһ޸ơ
Ͻżмصҩ
Ҷڳϴ󾪡
ҶʵףҲǴ˺ü꣬ҩȴǵһμʱҶͯеϽ꣬Ǿȣ𺳡
Сͯ㡭
ҶһǰҶͯҶңϤʧܺ󣬵뿪ȥѰЩû뵽񾹴һҩҪҩˡ
ܸжͬʱȴҲΣܡ
ʮǰҶǰĵĶԴҶͯҶͯȴԴ
ƽվһߣûʲô仯
ߣÿҶЩ߲㳤ϡ
С̫ڶһʲôģ
ڣɣҶͯҩˣһܹܿ
Ҷͯ˵
ΪϽҩľȫҶڣת̫ľ̫һǣЩҶ档
һʱ䣬һŨķƮⷽڡ
Ҷ΢Ѹٿʼתͷϵİ˿ʼںڡ
ʹҶҼ϶˷ܣק˫֣һ棬ڷɿָ
ˣ
ҶͯҶˣ̫ľĽɫ̫ѪɫһҶ棬âԵú͡
ҶľڷɿϵѪɫҲڽָʼú
ˣܿһ̶ӹȥ
ȣ
ʱҶͻȻһֱſڿȳһھѪѸٱ
Ҷͯһ棡
ҶҼ߲Ҳʧɫݣ⣬ô£ղѾ
ϽղҶͯΪҶһˣľڷɿϢҲǿͻȻ侹ȻѪת̫ͻأˡ
ҶڿӿѪѾǿľɿֵȥȻһʼҪǿһЩȴûкת̫࣬ʵ϶ԣûʲôԵ塣
ǿͻ澳ʧܣٶ£ûеõʱ±ԴҲȻҩҲûá
ߡ
·ǳãǧ꣬ĶԶԶҶͯȣΪҲҶͯ߳࣬Ȼһ۾ͿҶʱ״
ʲô
ʹҶҼϸʧɫҩҲȲһڣ
ҶͯҲһС壬ܲܡ
һ۾͵Ҷʱ״ãӦа취ԾҶڣ֡
Ȼ֪Ҷ֣ͯƳҶڣ䵭ĺŶҶͯңۻ֮£û˾ȵ
⻰һʹҶҼһһɫúѿ
ֻеۻʼڲܾȣ⣬ǡ
ҶҼɫȻˡ
ҶҶһǿˣҶ֧ҶһȥҶҵĴɷǳ󡣿״Ѿûа취ˡֻеۻʼڲܾҶ棬ĴڣǿɶǸ߸ϣʮһССҶңҩûУοĶǵȴڣ
ˣˡҶ̾ҶͯЦӣˡ
ͻ澳ʧܺҶ˥˺ֻܶ࣬ǿһ۾ܿѾһֻѾ˹ײڡ
ҶͯҡͷȻ󣬿죺ʦʦ
죬дһ˿Σ֮ǰѾ֪ˣԼʦڵۻʲΡ
ӭҶͯȻ֪Լһʲô
̾˿ԼӣТ˳
û˵ʲôҶ棬ֵ̧һָһâûԷڡ
̼䣬Ҷͬȼ˰㣬һǳµٶȿʼٶŵľգۼ䱻ͨɢϢԼʽʼ
ǣ
ҶҼ϶ʱ󾪡
ͬʱҶԼǴо˴ʱԼϵı仯
ˣ
ɫŨҶ棬侭ʶͱԴ
תۼ䣬ʮȥҶƾﵽһߵ㣬һ·˰벽澳۷壬ʹҶҼ϶Ǿϲޱȡң֮ҶϵϢֹȥʮ󣬺¡һһɷǳǿƴҶɢֱⷽھһ˵쫷硣
⡭ǣ
򡭡棿
û澳澳Ϣ澳Ϣ
ҶҼڼ
һһڲȬʱ뵽澳Ρ
ҶҶԣϲ£
ƶԭʼ϶
ߵҶһøҲûС
ҶϵϢֱֹȥʮ󣬷ȶ
磬ͣһ۷塣
⣬⡭
Լ˫֣Ҷ΢ЩЩ
棡
ҶҼȫӭȥ϶Ǵžϲı顣
ҶͯҲ¶ЦҶҳȻѾ壬վҶҵѪʱҶȬвͻƵߵľ磬Ǹˡ
죬Сĵллʦ
֪Ϊų֡
쵭Цҡҡͷ
ҲʱҶҶҼҶͯǻعһæ졣
лСֵܣ
ллֵܣ
ллм̫лˣ
ҶҸ߲ļͬʱлҶ칪
ңͬһʱ䣬ڼ˷֮࣬ҶҼϺҶ涼ͻȻĲ˺ɫҶ棬ʱ򣬲ɵЩ¡
֮ǰĻԼƣۻ֮ûεĺãֻĵһָκˣʹԽͻƵ߲ΣǣΪǡڵۻʼΣ


1258 ݷ
Ҷһסˣ죬ס˸Ҽ١
ۻʼµ޷κõˣ쾹Ȼκˣôļ򵥣ֻĵһָչֳһϢԶ
ССֵܣ㣬ΪѵѾѾﵽﵽˡ
Ҷսս
ɨҶһۣû˵ʲô
ˡ
кҶͯҶȥ
ҶͯҶңѾ꣬ҶҾ
Ҳȥ
ҶͯҶҼϺҶȻС˳ȥ
ҶҶҼ̲ס׷ȥֻƿϵĻ棬ҶͯСֱ̫ʧҶ֮ڡ
ͽ˺ϣƶ⡭Ҳǰ벽ۻʲ
ۻ֮κ˶βõˣκˣټȻ桭
棬Ĵﵽۻʲˡ
һۻʼֻ塣
⣬ǡ
ҶҼϺҶ
ۻʰСͯʦǸСֵܣȻﵽ˵ۻʾ
һļ£һ̸𾪣Ȼ
Ҷͯʦֻʷǿɾ͵ۻʣƾ˫ҶͯȴǰԴҶңȻҶͯԼҶˣϰǣʵȴ֪ҶͯҶѾûʲôϵˡ
һ룬ûǰԴҶͯҶͯҶӵܣôҶҵ̬ͬ㣿ûԴҶͯôҶǵվһۻʼǿߣңǵۻʼֻ塣
ǡ
ҶҵĳϺҶЩϧͬʱҲ

뿪Ҷң˺ϴУʱ⻪һп˳
ȥǽһƬɽĴ磬ɽһһԿԶбŵĴˮɸߣӿ
򡣡
˾䡣
Ҷ뿪˺ϴУֱӴӵڡ

ҶͯЩ
㴩ƶЩ˷ܡ
쵭ЦɨƬ򣬲úٴ˺ѷ죬һڡ
ﬣ
֣âն
˵Ľӿܿ죬һߴĵӰɭȻ֮⣬ŭ⡣
˿죬Ƕݣ㣡
ǰҲȥֻرԴȻǵ죬һ۾˳
ңɱ㡣
ֱӡ
£֣ȭ𶯳գصֱӺˡ
һֿµĹɱƣʹþطĸߴӰɫ㡭
ۣ
µһȭֱӽ˺ɱ
ǵۻεǿ壬֮£ѾûκܹǶ֡
ǿ
ҶͯѾǵһο򵥺ɱۻǿߣʱһĻɸо𺳺ͼ΢΢
һЦһ
ŶĽȺ߹ƬѰȥȡֻرԴϵۻʣֱɱ
ˣȥȡֻرԴδˣȫնûһӡ
ڶˣ٣Ů޵ǳ뻯ˡ
ĵ
ȷʵ
ͷ
˵ûŶҪЩϵĵۻһȫҳǾǲܵ£ҳ˾㲻ˣΪЩλöǳΣҲֶΣȻǿĵۻɨҲѷ֡
ǣȥֱȥһûǼСˣ
˵
ĻȻ֪һʱڹ٩ԺȴǲɵøֳϦͼǵӰвķһ˿˿⡣
ԴӵһѾʮûмˣȻ˼
Ц£ǴƬһ·µһȥݷһЩˡ
ʱᵽĹˣȻϵĹˣǺѡ
߰ɡ
ĳһһЦ˺ѷ죬Ҷͯ뿪
úҶͯС̫һ޴ǰȥƵĴɽܱߣ֯ŵǳŨƾˡ
Ȼǵڡ
һĹ˺ѣ壬Ӣۡ
𣡡
帽һͷͷߴޣƽɢŵǳŨ
ҶͯС̫壬һʱ𶯡
Сֵܣ
һ壬棬峤һ̫ϳϺͨϣȫӭ˳ǳ顣
һǺ칲ͬսڵʱ˲бĳ塣
ʱ죬ЩǼܣΪǲսĵΪǶ֪Ǵ˵еֻ壬ǳ𺳡
֣
ĴɽһߴΰӰϵļͬһ㱩¶⣬ſֲУһ͸һܱ
Ӣۣþò
Ц
ߴΰӰȻһʥӣʮ֮һ壬ӢۡΪĹϵӢۻ⵽׷ɱѡ
ʱӢۣо˷Ӣ۵ǿôȥѾǴڶ죬Ƿǳˣۣۻʾ֮¹ûܹȵϡ
еƣ޵Уһɽ򷨡
ڵǿϣͬڣȴֻ⣬˿ѹ塣
Ҫһ
ʮټյĹ˺ѣӢۺ˷ܣȴֻ塣
á
Ц
ҹڱһһѵһ̳һ̳𱻰˳ĶһأףĵҶͯС̫ȻҲ顣
ЦƬصþò
գ漴ǺͷӢۺ˸
뿪ʱȡһĹǴΪһƷ챦֮͸Ϊ屦ЩڻɱʮȥֻرԴĵۻʱõ
⡭
̫ˣҪ
Сֵܿ
ƴǡ
һ챦ֵ̫ˣȻͨĵۻʼҲûУΪѶʵ̫ˣңֲϷǳѰ
޷һ챦λƴǡ

գļ£˲챦Ǽ
ллСֵܣ
ǿл
ǰǿˡ
Цҡͷ
ٴκͷӢ۸𣬺桢Լһ̫ϳϵ漴Ҷͯ뿪塣
뿪һξ˺ѷ죬ҶͯС̫Уֱ뿪ڲ֮¿գһµ
¡¡
ȥǰһ޴ʣããޱߣͬǲϵǺ׹طһ˷һĲϢ


1259 һ
һں˷죬֯һɹɾ˵Ϣ
ȥϣеĵطΪ𶯣նΪ֮Ť
ǣʢ޺صĽӣǴߡ
һ۾ϳⷽ
ԣӡ
ͷ
ǿ˺ΪСʱΪ˶ԻĹǿߵ׷ɱһߵʢͨأʱνǾһۻʾŴӿкⷽӣúÿⷽӡ
߰ɣǴͽɹȥ
˵ֱӳǰ뽻ӵķΧˮȥ
ġ
ۣĴųȥ
С̫ſͷĴķҶͯǺܰĸ
¡
ƺʶһ㣬˸ողӵķΧڣӶʱ궯ԭЩҵĺ˱øӷڣĺ˳𣬾ɸߡ
ң˵˻ӵײգۼѣк޳֣СĶɳĸһɽ㣬һɲľκˡ
𣡡
Щֱӳȥ
ԵúƽЩޣֱǿɢһ˿ѹ
ʱ䣬Щ޽ǲһ׿ģ˲ϢʧӰ٣ͬйƤ㣬һӾЩſ־Ŀ졣
ϾǵۻεĴڣͨ᲻η塣
ϣ˻죬û嵽һޣˮ棬Ŷʢ޶ȥ
УڴܣˮããһƬ˻ģۻʼһɨˮ֮Ǳţףǣÿһͷڶˮϣȴûɱ
ȻʱЩҲǸоһ˵Ŀ£ûиҶ
⽻ӣǺܿȵھ󺣶Ҫࡣ

ȷʵ
ͷ
ˮУˮ棬ӵײһϯȴԿ壬Ĵˮ˶ĵۻϢ˿ȥ

ǰгȥԶ޳Ϣһ˹
һ̣ȴͬʱһȻǸоȻɢŵĿϢһӶǱʵ
û⣬ƽŶʢ޶ȥ

Ϻ˹֯ǳ˵ϢϷնһŤ
ȳò˵Щˣţȴûʲôоˡ
⿿ⷽӣʱľٴοȴôȻɵøпΪǿĸй٣仯ĺܴ󡣡
ϻ⻹˵
Ʋ졣
һ˳ŶȥҲ֪˶ãˮĴӰ˹
ȥӵһߵˣһƬɫĺӰԿɳɶѡ
ǰУú󣬿ӵķΧ
վطɨܣ˫Ŀеƹ⽻֯
صɸ֡

ΪԻĹǿߵ׷ɱԻʮ˵У䵽ط˽ӣ˳ȥǸʱȻѾƿȴҲף֪ô£ȴǲһˣΪȵǸʱǿ̫ˣȫһΣ˲俴ʵʡ
·зǳε֮ƣû澳ΪͿ
ңһĵУʵܵЩѹƣѴط߳ȥ
һ֮˷ԲɵķΧٹ̣۸ӡ
Ӱɣн޳ԭˡ

Сӣֹʲôء
ʵ
ûʲô߰ɡ

ŵ׽֯ƣƿɸ֣źĽӿۣ漴뿪ܿ뿪Զ
ֱ֮˺ѷ죬ҶͯС̫С
˵һռպϣҰڰ
Ȼ̲ûг̫ãֻһ˲䣬ǰǴп
ȥǰһƬ嫵ĵȺһƬɽУЩ
Ȼǵһ𻯵š
Сӻšĵһ۹⣬֮λ㣬٣ڿһۻʼֻ
Ҷ֮ͯǰ
Ҷͯ˵
ֱʱʱ𻯵Уһʱ䡣
С̫۾ܺ档
ϴЦ⣬ûж˵ʲô𻯵ȥ
ʱգ𻯵⽵£ͽǰȥ
ܿ죬𻯵ͥǰʱ𶯡

ˣ
죡Ǻ̫ϳϣ
𻯵ڣȫܣޱȡ
𻯵٣ʱ֮ͽ׵һɱһˣڵıȣֶһ˿У𻯵ţ壬ʹ𻯵˶ޱŷء
ǰսھֻʱʱ¶ʹʮн缸˲֪˲𻯵һȻҲ֪ˣʹ½Էڣһʷǿֻ壡

һ̣𻯵ڣеӺִǣ۴˿ʲô£ʱһѷӿ˳˷ܣ칧д
𻯵ŶԣӲڣ𻯵ŵʷϣȴصһѾ𻯵ŵĴʼʼ档

ƽ͡
л
𻯵һڵеĹâŨĵֱĶ죬һĹ⣬ָоֱҪƵġ
ֻ𣿣
Եúᣬҷǳƽͣû˿ӣ𻯵ڵһڵͽȻ֮أȴûηͺ֮⣬ʱ̲סʵ
һӣطһ˫˫۾ȫֱĶ졣
Щǰ֪£ʱ򣬻̲ס˵

Цŵ
ʱ䣬طٴλȻ
ֻ壡

ǿ尡ǵʷǿ壡
𻯵ڵӽԺ˷ܡ
Цһ𻯵ŵӽ̸Щӵ⣬һһ
У֪£ʮʱ䣬µһЩžȵ£𻯵ѾΪİΪĵһʢޣأûκȡ

аԵͷ
ʵϣһ㣬ʵһҲ⣬Ͼµĸֹž龧ȣκһȵˡ
Щž龧ʮʱ䣬𻯵Ȼһ·ͻͽΪĵһǺ£һȻĽ֡
죡
һԶʮӰٳ


1260 
ʮӰٶȺܿ죬ⶼǽǿĵ򲨶գۼǰ
ȻһΪԼ𻯵ŵһϡ
ǰٴμ죬Ϊһ϶ܸˣЩ

ȴΪ⣬һ϶
λϲþ񣬶𡣡

һˣΪΪȻﵽ漶߶ȣһҲȫﵽ˴֮ϣΪ˵Ƿǳǿ󣬸Ѫ
ȥĵط
ΪͬʱԸۼطһڵͽִɢȥ
ЦΪһ̫ϳڿգú𻯵һڣб鲼Ÿĵƣеĵ֯
һʮذ
̾
һϺΪ죬Щ̾
ȻȻģʮͬͨǵһ㣬ֻ£ʵ˵ǿǣǰֻ֪£ɹȥôǰ̲סľ̲סʡ

Ц
ʮ겻𻯵ŵڣΪһ⣬֪𻯵Щ׳̣Լ𻯵ʵ
ʵϣ£֮ǰѾһ𻯵ŵӺִ¿е֪ˡ
ܿ죬һ۱һʱȥ
ʱ̯֣һȦԻһϵϱ鲼ŵۻʼ䣬
һƷ챦֮ǰ͸챦һڵٵھĴ󶥼к͸ɱȥȡֻرԴʮۻʵĹá
߾аۡƵͼħޱƽ𾳵۷챦ԼĹʥ̣ħںͲལĴ󶥼۷챦ڣ̣һõʮ챦۷챦Ʒ챦ĿƷ챦
˵ջķᡣ
ȡϵ֮ݸΪΪ֮Ϊ𻯵ŵ֮
⣬⡭
Ϊ˸Ĳ˵е챦ǻǵһμ
һ˶죬ɫȻ׵ȡһ챦֮Ϊ𻯵ŵ֮ұ⣬˵ϻ챦
һ챦ʲô
ңʲôʵܾۼô챦ϣ
죬ڵΪǡ
Ϊ̲ס졣
ۻʵء
ûء
ʲô
⻰һΪ˸ʧɫ
ʮδ쾹Ȼﵽ˵ۻʾ磡ǵۻʵ죡
⡭
ΪסˣһʱЩˡ
ۻʰǿǾԵĴʮĴڣǰȻһλĴڣңʷǿֻ塣
СһǣΪ¾;ȡʱڣϵ˴ﵽۻ⣬֮ǰСһռ佫ھϵĸȫεˣʮϵɢ޵ۻʣǵϵǴЩɢ޵ۻеһ
ʲô
⻰һΪٴδһ̲ס巢˫ۡ
һռ䣬˵ھϵĸʮɢ޵ۻʣ
ʲôĸ
Ȳ˵ʮɢ޵ۻʣǿǶ֪żżϼţھžŸÿһжеۻʾĸǿ򣬶һֿµĵ̣ÿһǴ޾¡
Ȼʮİ
İһռ䣬ٵĸ
桭ģ
Ϊ̲ס졣
⵹Ļʵ̫ˡ
ͷ⼸׷ɱңǰҵʱ¶ʱ⼸һڹϵĵۻʣȥǿҵֻرԴ֮ûȥʱ꣬ҳɵۺȥµˡ
Ϊ뵹һĿࡣ
ˣһռ˵ھϵĸʮϵۻʣ
һնѰ
սֱǡ
ʱ죬Ϊ˽ˣһ˵
ֱȥʮʮ˲ǻع
ˣλһλһΪѾƽֿ࣬ڣȥ֮λλӦʡ
ʲô
Ҫȥ֮λ
Ϊʲô
쾹ȻҪȥλãΪ˶һʧɫ
ͷΪ˽֮ͣԼһ̣ڵھϣʱΪ𻯵ŵٻЩ̫ʡ
⻰һΪٴδ󾪣쾹ȻҪԼ̣µĴС
⡭
ǽ𾪡
ǻع죬Լ𻯵ûйϵ
ҡͷȻҪ̣Ͳٵ𻯵ŵ𻯵źͶʲô¡
λģȻ촴̣ҲպҪصȫ
˵
Ϊ˻̬ȼֻõͷ
лǰ⡣
Цŵ
𻯵Ŵʱ䣬Ϊ𻯵ſӡµĻ̴󣬶ǵۻʼɱ󣬿ӡ࣬Կ׽ΪЩۻֻӡ£Ȼǵۻ˴룬Ҳ
ʱһΣչȥ
һ죬Ϊ˸𣬽黹뿪
߳ţ˺ϣҶͯС̫ڵڶ
ڶɽһϢ漸ȴǲһЩ
ȥ׼ҡ
˵
û˺ŻǰУԵۻΪϣܿ׼ڡ
áү
ү
죡֪ͨں̫ϳǣ
׼ڣһ
ǰ¶ֻ֪壬׼ȻҲ⣬ʱ׼ҳȴһ֪ʵ⣬˽𾪣һĲѡ
Ҫ֪һһĹĹϵѾǷǳȷպһɻ飬Ҳ˵ǰ׼󣬵վһʷǿֻ塣
ʮ֮Уϵʣ
ؼ䣬ǿѪ
ãð
׼棬׼Ҽ̫ϳϣ׼Ҽȶ˳Գӭӡ
ǰֻ֪⼸׼ҵĸ߲գ˷˺ü¡
ǰ׼δĹүȻǴ˵еֻ壬һ
ʱ򣬼׼⼸߲Ƕǳ顣
λǰá
Ե÷ǳηŵĺܵͣϾձ˵Щ˶ǳ
ƫͷһ߿һµİȻȻ֯ϢΪѾ죬ǳˣۻ֮¹ûмǶˡ
ΣȻȻһϣʱʮټ죬ʱҲڴ죬ɰκȴü־͸졣
˸ˣ÷Ѿ˵ۻʾ硣
һߵ


1261 ʮغټ
ʲô
Ļ׼һ𣬸ʧɫ
ȵİҲ¶ݣ죬ȻѾ˵ۻʼ߶ȣ
⡭ģ
׼ҵҵ˸졣
׼ҼͰ׼ҵļ̫ϳϣʱĿҲȫϡ
ͷġ
˵ţʱͷųһ˿
ʱ䣬׼Ҽ߲һ
ۡ
棬Ĵﵽ˵ۻʾ
ֻ壬ۻʾ⡭
׼⼸߲Ĵѡﵽۻʾǰ׼վһۻǿߣһǵۻʼֻ壬֮ǰ׼δʮڣԸǣκδüɵ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
׼Ҽ૵ĵ
ܿƽ죬˵ĳˡ
һ㣬һ㡣
Ц
֮ģΪ׼ҺһֱûпǹӰ
бһۣһ򡣡
˲ȻӦĹȡ
ϣ׼ŵƽʴϯʱ
գʱ䣬Ϊ׼ҿӡܼĻɱ󣬿ɽɱۻǿߡ
ͬʱʯȡ뵽׼ҵĵص£Լǿư׼ҵĴиǵٵھĻĹĸã׼ҵص׺ֻƬ̶ѣ׼ڵǱǣ˰ٱ֮࣬ʹð׼һ˶һ׼һڸ߲Ǽֱ¡
Ũڰ׼ӵǵкͰ׼ҵ׳̫ˡ
ʱŵĺܿ죬һۣչȥ
һ죬Ͱ׼˸ȡһڱ¯ͣҲǴնɱʮɢ޵ĹϵۻãΪһƷε챦ŷǳǿܡ
⡭챦
׼ĲЩ꣬һҲٴεٹϲһǰط壬ﵽĸ߶ȣһЩǿʥǷǳǿᡣһƷ챦ȣȴǲ̫ࡣ
һƷ챦ټ֮֮ǰӡµһۻʼɱǰ׼Ҽֱ˵һıݣȻǵۻ켶ǿѹҲù˼ɡ
׼һ׼ҴﶼǼǳС챦¯Խ͵׼⡣
λǰиǡ׼Ҽ΢΢ǷеǲΪΪﵽۼ漴ͷʱ䣬ھҪ̵£ռѾͰ˵ˣǰ
ȻǶԡͷƺЩˬǵ˵ͷ
˸磬ؼ
֡
ʦټ
ҶͯòǷ
С̫ĽŰ˻˻Сצӡ
漴һ뿪׼ңһα߳ȥԶ
ֱԶԶ뿪׼ң˺ϣҶͯС̫Уһʧڶ򣬳һȵ⡣
ȥȵԵЩ£һĵͤ¥һ翸УͬʱҲһ˿˿ϣеס
ˡ
Źڣ¶Ц
ǵһĹȣ꣬棬ѩҹԼϦС
һҶͯ˳Ĺȥ
ʲôˣĹΪһ֮һȻأ˿ǰѯʡһ̣ģ󣬼ĹȵӶǲһ¶ݣǡʦ֣
⼸ŮĹЩյͽǰûм죬ȴ֪죬ΪĹȶԣǸرĴڣĹȵŮӣ֪ܿˡңǰֻʱ¶֮󣬵нˣǶ֮ϲ졣
ʱ򣬼Ĺ⣬⼸ĹȵŮӽԵɴۡ
Ц⣬Եúܿͷҡ
ǣ
Ů۾ɵĸ˼֡
ʦֿȥ֪ʦǣ
һŮӵСųĹڡ
ܿ죬쵽ϢŮ֮ڣת۴Ĺȡ
ʲô
ʦֻˣ
֪ͨСʦǣ
̼䣬Ĺڱ÷Ĺȵȫ˳
ʱڣֱӱһȺĹȵӸΧסˣ۾
ʦֻˣ
ʦֻ֣𣿣
ʦ֣ھʲô
Ĺһڵĺܣûж˾нΧʳʶ̣Ȼǹڡֻ塱⣬ֻ֪ºĹȵЩŮӿɶ𾪡
Ц⣬ƽͣһ߻شЩŮӵ⣬һ߿Ĺ
磡
ҲʱԶһӰΪһ鶯Ůһ¾͹ҵϡ
ôЩȥϦ񳹵׳ˣ쳣ƯѪǿ
Ϣˣٶȳ˳
СϦ
ʱټϦȻˡ
ϦϦΪҲҶͯһһ졣
ʦ㡣
Ҷͯ
ϦҶͯСҶӡ
ʮǰҶֱͯǰһݷãĹȴܳһʱ䣬˼Ȼʶġ
ԭҶͯǽʦáģʦ̫ЩϣҶͯʦ㡣
ּŮޣбء
ʱڡ
ѽ
С̫۾ϦСצӡ
ϦòС̫ΪԼߵĻ顣
죡
ͬһʱ䣬ĵٻӰԶ֣񾲣鶯и
ꡢ桢ѩҹ߳ܿǰжŻϲ
дɫһһŮ֡
Щ꣬Һǡ
˵
ǣһǣҡ
Ҳǡ
ǳǳЦԵúܴ󷽣һҲŤ
ţǡ
ŵͷ
ΪĸϺԭȥ׷ĽŲջǾˣһͼһ𣬾Ĺ
ͺá
˵
֮ǰǺܵġ
ѩҹڡ
ǰֻȥʱ¶𾪣ȴǣΪΪʿǶֻʱ¶󣬻ȥΣֱϾƹӵھطĹһˣ֪ܰȫǲǷ
ĸŮվһ𣬸ɫ˫һķ羰ҪǣǵΪЩ꼺ŬУνϾƹָΪһֱڽǴ죬Ϣˣƾն˼
ЦŮ̸ȻʱΧ˺ܶĹȵŮӣȴҲתۼ˵˺ܶ໰ʵһʮأֿ̫ˡ
ֱͼͣ½̸ҶͯǰŮ
ŮЦŶҶͯͷҶͯĹʱֻǲңʱǶСҶͯй
ʱ죬Ŀƶһ˿ɣ˵ʲôΪˣҾȻȫ͸㡣
ԱߣꡢѩҹҲܺ棬Ϊȴͬһ͸졣
Ҳ͸ϦҲڣʲô̶ˣ
һʱ䣬ȴҶͯС̫⣬˵Ŀⶼϡ
ۻ졣
û


1262 챦
ͬڶİ׼˰㣬Ļʱ򣬰ͼ˸󾪣һǶݣ¶𺳵ı顣죬Ѿ˵ۻʼ߶ȣ
ۻʵ죿
⣬⣬⡭
ɣָ߶ȣǿǡ
طһڵĹͨӸĲ
ЩĹȵͨ˵ۻʼĴڣٲȻǴ˵Ǹ߸ϵģʮĽ⣬ͬһ㡣
ʱǰȻվôһˣңһۻʼֻ壬ʹЩŮͻȻһֺܲʵĸо
ʮѾʹﵽȸ߶ȣֱʦʦͽֱ治һУ
ɴ۾ɵö¡

ѩҹԾҲϦ⡣
ǶϾƹ֪Ͼƹ£ﵽۻʸ߶ȣѾǳԽ˹Žκˣƾ콾û뵽ӱ̬ʮѣǾʹﵽ˵ۻʼ߶ȣٶȣʵǿµЩˡ
ȽϺãùܶԵ
Ц
⵹ǫ飬ʵЩ˵ȷǺõЩţ˵Լ˵ڶʮ򣬻û˸Լǵһ
졣
ʱһĹȹ˫գԶ˹
ʱʮ꣬˫òͬǰ㣬û˥ϣЩ
ǰ
ӭһźԶڣء
˫жǼĶʦڶԷȻ
ʦִﵽۻʾˣ
ĹȵӶ˫е
ʲô
˫һ򣬲ûֱӴ
ԭڱչϢʱͣУ˳졣û뵽ոտطôһ产˵Ļ
棿
£졣
ġ
ͷ
˫ʱ˼֣ʮѣ쾹ȻѾﵽ˵ۻʼΣһ룬챾ǿֻ壬һսǵжֲ
ʦͽˣյǸСӣҲǺ˲á
̾
ǰҲ

˫̲סۣô꣬ҵڲſѣͽܡͽﶼԽȥһأˣڿػǹڿأ
ʱЩգЩ˼ûڿǰ˼
Աߣ̲ס͵Ц
һ죬ĹԵú֣ʮغٴιĹһӭ
ѩҹأ
ѩҹ
ǵúǸѩҹģǻصȴûмԷӰ
ǸԼǰ뿪Ĺȣȥϲˣڲ֪
ѩҹ˵
ͷԭ
ȹʱ䣬ȥҳ
˵
Ĺͨһֱҹʱַǰ
ҹʱ֣ŮϦ͵ס뿪ҶͯС̫λõһС¥طŵĹȵŮӣ֮ǰĹȣסططνѾᳵ·
һҹܿȥ
磬
峿ʱ֣ϦͼŮطС¥£ϦС¥Ϻ
ʵϣʱҶͯС̫ڳţ׼ȥϦͼǣʱϦǲɵһЦת۱˳ȥ
׼ȥǣЩҪ͸ǡ
Ц
ʲôѽ
ŮӶǺĿ
ЦһƮΪڱԽ֯ŵ
ǣ
˾ȣֻһ۾Ϳ˰ڱĲƺѹһС
ۣ졭챦
ڵڶİ׼ңʶҿżǲ
챦
Ц
϶Ĵ𸴣Ϧͼһ쾹Ȼô챦
⡭
˳Ծ
Ҫ֪챦ȼıϱۻǶûеİ
ЦָᵯһӡɵǰȻǵھʥ̵ӡΪһ۷弶챦ŵָལն۽ɵϦǰĹɵߣħڵħ׶ɵѩҹߣƵƵ۵Ʒɵԣÿһڶ۷챦
Щ۷ε챦ѾϵľӡĨ͸ǻ塣˵ţֽŵΪǵ˵ıԣıҲһĨˣϴԼľӡԺݻ
ЩϲͬʱҲЩȡ
ղ˵˵챦˵Щ챦ԭѾ
ܴϻۣĻУһӱ뵽ࡣ
ϦȻҲ뵽ˣһʱ䶼졣
ˡһЦûǰҵʱ¶ھĸȥҵֻرԴͬʱϰٵĹϵۻǰʱʦϵն˴ۻʣʮ˲ȥǰҴﵽۻʾһһЩµˣĸնʮۻʣЩ챦Ǵĸʮϵۻ
ʲô
㵷˵ھϵĸ
ɱʮۻʣ
Ů𾪡
սôǿ𣿣ﵽ˵ۻʾѾնʮϵĵۻʣھϵĸĴٵˣʲôĸ
ȣôҲǿ壬Դӵվʼһ·ڣЩɲǰܵģսҪǲǿһЩԲҵЩ١
Ц
⵹ҲǣϾǴ˵еǿʡ

⻰첻ɵÿȤ˵˵ʲôţԺҪץһֻؼңԻֲݣˮûǴɣ
ﶢʱۡ
˵ֻ
˿ҶͯС̫˹ȥ
Ů޲С־Զ󣡡
Ц
ʱ壬̫壬Ϊֻһ塱ȹŻһֱͲ˵еֻ壬ᵽֻܾԼȴδֹǿһͬЩһѹһֻ塣
һ룬ޱΣ콲ԼĿҪץֻȥԻֲݣˮȴû뵽쾹ȻǴ˵ֻ塣
ˣЦүˣ
վûס
Ҳ͵Ц£ʵǺȤ
Ǻǳ˼
Цıӣڻ𵱳˵ĻʱĥģȤĺܡ
ջ֣ٴεָϵ챦
߾а۵۷챦ѪɫͷһѪɷϢȥħ۷챦񵶷ɳ䵽С̫ǰͬʱڷ⳾õ¶һΣѾƷ챦ɵҶͯǰ
ʦأ
Ҷͯʵ
ģʦ챦
Ц


1263 
쵭Цڤڵķ⳾ʱ͵˼챦Ĺĸʮɢ޵ۻʣǵõʮεıԣͳȥ˲챦ȱȴǻв١
Ҷͯǽͳȥ챦ϾӡʶС
洦ߣ
쿴ǡ
ð
Ůӵͷ
Ϧֱ˹ϲıֱֱֳۡô꣬ټǷǳĸˡ
Ĺ˵󲻴˵СҲСͤ¥Ҳ࣬Ǻܺá
һûгȥĹߡ
ʦ֣Сʦǡ
СҶӣ˵Ҳﵽˣ񴳵˵ڼ򣿡
ʦ֣ϵСһÿɰܱܲһ
һĹȣν۵ĺܣĹһȺŮӶΧ˹
Ц⣬ƽͣʱȡһЩָĹȵЩŮӣƷεڤڰѣʥ̵ȼУټһЩʱգϵнӽʮ֮ࡣ
Ȳεı˵ʲôҲ㲻ϣǶĹȵЩŮӶȴһڴأҪ֪ЩУȻǴﵽʶ˶ǳ٣඼αӵһݳޡ
ллʦ֣
һŮӵлϲĺܣһѷĶȥо͵ˡ
Сһû
Զһ˫˳
ΪĹȵĹ˫ȻǺƯһҲڷ̫ϳϵŮΪﵽѪǿˣͬʮ꣬һഺȵԵøƯЩ
ʦ


һ׼뿪ĹȵҲͣ˫
쿴˫ЦȻǰ
˵ţһһڱƮɢ˿˿Ƶɹ⣬Ϊһڱӡ
ⱦӡһطʱ֯һۻնΪ֮Ť
ϢʱʹĹһĹŮӶǲĿ˹¶ɫ
ǣ
˫ݡ
ӡƷε챦ǰЦɡ

챦ڷ⳾á
ʲô챦
˵е챦˵ۻʼǿ߿Ƕûȱ
⡭
ĹһŮӾĲС
̫أҪ
˫ҡͷ
һ챦ļֵ̫߰ˡ
޷ǰ°ɣﻹ챦
˵
ڣŮޣţǻ֮ǰСӻ˵ھϵĸУʮϵɢ޵ۻʣȲεıŲ١
ʲô
˫ŵĶһ£Ȼ˵ھϵĸУʮϵɢ޵ۻʣ
ֱۿ죬Ϣʵ̫ھˡ
ĵˡЦ챦ΪĹȵ̵̡
⣬⡭
˫ֱ£һȰ˵£ǽӡ
лĹǷĶʵ̫ˡ

һδεģĹȵĶݣ̫ˡ
ҡͷǰﻰСĶʦЩǶԿչˣңѩҹͰʮҲУЩӦġ
˵ţһЦŵӿ֣ƿĹȵĵرʯȡ֮뵽Ĺȵĵص֮£ʱʹĹǡ
⣬ǣ
áúǿ
⡭
Ĺһڵľ
˫һĹȵһͨӣĸȻ̣ʱֻãĹڵ˲ǿʢ˰ٱ࣬һڳԵǿС
ҲԾ
ΪŸո£ƣǿĻ̫࣬ȵĹȵµĸںϣڵӦǿǧϡ

⻰һʹĹһǴ󾪡
ʲô
ǿǧ
ǧǧ찡⣬⣬ԺУõû˳ٰ
һЩͨŮӲɵ÷
˳ʮûʲô⡣ڣҪ֪ǵڰϵĶҲûУǸʮǼĴУеĴ󲿷иҲֻѡ
⻰һʹĹһڵӸľڰϵĶûеھϵĶеĸҲ˵ĹĴиԺ͵ھϵĶˣ
⣬⡭
˫ѡ
ΪĹȵĹϣĹԽԽǿͳ챦ΪĹȴиضʹĹȵδޱȻԻͣܲ
лллл
Щ˷ܣֱȥʮ󣬲ԱƽЩ
ҲлҲĹȵĵӣǹ״ӡңǲɵǳΪĹô࣬ҪΪǵĹϵ
һˣ˵ʲôлЦٿӡһЩµĻ̴ڹϡ
˵ţһ̼һƽ֯ƾɱ
һ̣Ǻݣ¶ɫͣ
֯оˣĹѾǿɱ󣬷ǳǿ
ǡ
ЩȣĹŵɱʵ̫ǿˣȻۻʵòΪ֮ɱ󣬾Բɱ
н֯˿˿Ƶƹ⣬۲ɨܵɱ
ϼһϢ
ݡ
ôˣ
ʵ
һЦûʲô˵ţеƹɢȥ۱պϣ漴ѽҪӡϵҲɢȥ˫ʵʦΪĹȿ̴̹󣿡ĹϵɱϾƹϢ뵱Ͼƹ̡
¡
˫
ͷȻˡ
ϼһȻƿвɱǿ˶ٺֿ˫ǸǰҴСȥһˡ
ʵϣԭʹڽǰڣټʱӦϾƹϢ󣬱ֱӺ˫ڣھ뿪Ĺȣȥ
ãȥɡ
˫
ͷ±ǴϦͼ뿪Ĺȣŷȥ
ȻҶͯС̫ȻǸһ
ʦߡ
ĹһŮӿڣ𾴡
ͼ˶ЩŮӻ֣ܿ߳Ĺȣ뿪˺Զ
һУһ˶գͽС
һΪͣǴΣǼ򵥵ͽ£ٶҲԶһ˿ɱȣûñǵ˷֮⡣
ȥһɽ֮ϣϵ¥һԵúܲ
ˡ
¶Ц
طɷǳشͬһڡ
ߡ
Цкǰߡ
ܿ죬һڣɽ£ʱһƬ
֡ʦ֣
ɽ£ɽļӸ¶ɫ


1264 ˫
ͬĹһ㣬ЩҲ˲µӣʱɽŵĵӵҲ죬Щȴɶ֪죬֪ĺϸʵͬϾƹһڷڶԣǸرĴڡ
ܿЦɽŵķڵӵͷʾ⣺Ҫȥ
õĺõģʦ룡
æ
ͬʱ˷ɿĳŷȥ֪ͨϢ
ʱ䣬ֱը˹
ʲô
ģʦֻˣ
졭ȥӭӣ
ȥǺ
Ѿȥˣ
ϣһڷڵӸһЩִҲ˳
żڣգŷڵʯ̨׵ٶϡ
ܿ죬ûйȥãһ˵ٵ˷֮ϡ
ϣľһ꣬ľʵ̫ͥŨȴҲ
ʦ֣ʦ֣
һڵӣһѷӿ˹
ЩУв˱곤ţȴΪʦ֡
Ƕһء
ʦֻ֣𣿣
еʵ
Щ˺𻯵ԼĹȵһڵһΪ⣬ʵֻ̫ǷˣѾʱ˵ȴδֹ
ǰ챻Ϊֻ壬Щܹ⣬۾⡣
ǡ
Ц
ЩڵĵǣǷǳ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳڴڣ˫ĿԼƹ˸úݡ
ڣҲкĹһػţǿޱȣǳ£иоȻڴһȫԿնɱޱƽ𾳵ˡ
ͬʱɨĴǶݣо۷챦Ϣ
ˣϼһȻصڣضΪڿӡɱͶ۷챦

챦ƣϾƹʵҪһ۷챦̫ѡ
ӴСӡ
һӰƾճԱߣһ꣬һȹŮӡ
졣
ȹŮӴЦ
ϾƹɢȴǺܿʡ
ԱߵȹŮϾƹĺա
һطһڷڵӸϽд
ڷڶԣϾƹĴڽһ񻰴˵Ϊ̫ϳϵŮϾƹĺգڷڵĵλȻҲǷǳĸߡ
Ͼƹ֣ʾһڵӲˣþн
֮󣬷ֿ졣
һϼһϾƹ⣬ȴǷǳأĹ񣺡ʦ
ʦʦ
ꡢ桢ѩҹ
ϦҶͯҲ⣬Ͼƹ񣬺ء
úӣ
ԽüҲ
Ͼƹ˫һʱˣȴǷǳᣬȥʮҡ
ۻأܲ
Ͼƹ죬һı飬ƺʲô⣬ʱ˵ͷ
⻰һطзڵӶǶݡ
ۡۻأ
⣬˵
ʦ֣˵ۻʾ
ڵӺȻ
Щһ𾪣죬˵ۻʾֻ˵ۻʾ
⣬⡭
˵ǷڣУۻˣ
̫ˣ
Щ˷ܶ
Ҳʱ⼸ӰԷĴ߳ȻǷ̫ϳϣͷڵļϣϢ˳ߵ֮󣬶ﵽ˵ۻʾ£¶֮ɫ
ӣﵽ˵ۻʾ
̫ϳ
ǰϾƹ˿νĲУϾƹ£Щ˵Ϊ࣬ѾǴﵽ˴Σǳǿ


ϾƹıɺЦվһߡ
û˿æǰ񣬼Ҳż
Сӣ浽ۻʾˣ
Ϳõʵ
ˣۻ졣
Ц
ͿΪڵһϣѾڰ벽ΣΪɱ
ðãǳСӵĵӣͿôЦ͵ĻɱϾƹ˲١˵ţһѽҶͯץ˹СһʲôΪˣ
Ҷͯһ죬ȥĹȰݷüˣȻҲڰݷϾƹͷ̫ϳϵˣЩˣ֪Ҷͯĵӡ
ǸʦʦԶˣšҶͯͷЩ˼硣
⻰һͿֱӵۣϺһڵҲǶݡ
СӣôˣȻ˼Ȼòݣ
Ϳ÷ۣյĵӣȻѾΣԶԶ
ããá
̫ϳܸˡΪߣյĵϾƹȴһ˵ۻʲΣϾƹĵۻʲΣңĵҶͯѾ߶ȣ˶Ƿǳǿᣬоǳ
һ죬Ǻ֣طţ»ڡ
ֱʱ֣ϦͼŮ뿪ΪŮӰס
ͷ̫ϳϵ˷ֿϾƹɽһʯ¡
ȻҶͯС̫ȻҲڡ
ϾƹţҶͯС̫룬һҹ඼ЩûӪĻ⡣
գɫ֣һƵ⣬ڵһ߳ԵķţʼһС
ϼһΪɱ챦
Ͼƹ
⣬ҿš
ϾƹԵúɢ
ɽ֮ϣŵӶתۼ佫ڰ
һ̣Сеʯɳͬû¡
ǾΪĹʥ̵ĴãΪ׼ҺĹ¼ʣ¾ʱתȫ뵽֮¡
̼䣬һһ漴޾䣬УͬһֲȪڷ֮±˰㣬š
顭áŨ
⣬ô£
ʲô
һڵӸ𾪣ڵ̫ϳϺͷ˶ˡ
ʱתۼѣڵǿʢٱ֮ࡣ
ҡҺҪͻˣ
ңҲǣ
Ҳһ
ٷڵӷ
漴һ̣ڷֻǶ̶Ƭ̼ѣڣĵͻƵ²ΣͻС̨׵Ϊǿ
䣡
Ĵ⣬һɵӿͿӰ벽Ρ
⡭
Ϳõֱۣ־ϲ
н֯ƣڣ˳Ƶķɽһ۱ǿ˻Ƶ졣
죡
иâ
ȻСӣ
ͿõͻȻ޴ı仯֮ǰһͲµΪ
ͬһʱ䣬һڵӶǷƣ˳źɽ
漴һˣǶ˲Ƶ죬ڰĹС
ʦ֣
һڵӽԼ


1265 ʦͽд
һڵӿźɽڰúȹ죬˷ܡ
ȻΪǿ˶˷ڵľ޴仯Ũ̫̫ˣʹӶ˲µĸ߶ȣ£̫ġ
ðð
̫ϳվڷڴǰŷںɽ죬ǹâ
Ѿﵽ˴Σȣʱȴ΢΢ЩȫǸ˺ͼ¡
ˣ
ںɽ⽻֯ƹ⣬ȹ뵽¾
ˣֱȥʮ֮ͣתµȫһ
ɨӷڣķڣŨǳʮѾڵĴ۸Ҳɽǿ
֮Ҫ̣ô죿
Ͼƹ
ҹʱ֣Ѿ׼̵º˵һ
ûжˡҡͷЦһ
ҵſ
ϾƹЦ
ʧ
ŵ
Ͼƹžľ͸һƣNɪ
ٺһЦ˶٣Ͼƹн֯һƵľâʲôϼһǴ£ҲۻʾˣҪдһ£
ϾƹĶʦصˣҲΪˣϾƹսһ
ôһ˵ԱߣҶͯʱ˾
սսս
໵ؽеȻ뿴Ͼƹս
Ͼƹ죺ս
룡
ͷ
ϾƹЦŲȥǾɡ
쵱ڿգϾƹϡ
ܿ죬ʦͽϵĲ񷼫ߴ
⡭ǰʦ֣Ҫʲô
ڣһڵӶǿһĻԺܺ档
ͬһʱ䣬̫ϳϣͿõȼҲһŹ֡
ԶϦͼҲ⣬ĿŸ߿ա
ǣ
Ϧͷϡ
ӦҪдɡ
˵
ŲϣϴЦ
ѩҹ˶һ㶣С
䣡
嫵ĵӿ֮춯أֱӴ˼Ļ
ȥϣɫۻӿ˿Ⱦһɫͬһŵǿˡ
һʹϦͼŮľ
áǿ
Ѿ֪˵ۻʾҽھϵĸƷˣնɱʮۻʣܲµĵǿǳʱ򣬸ɢĵ𺳣̫ˣǿԸ
ͬһʱ䣬һҲǸʧɫ
⣬⡭
ʦ֣ʦ
ÿ£
һڷڵӲ
ڴǰ̫ϳϺͷǶ
áСӣϢֱֱ
Ϳ촽ˡ
䣡
ϣ춯ء
ͨ彻֯⣬ͬһսǿʢĵӿֱ˺Ѿ졣
Ϣ£Ͼƹӡµǿػһʱͻ̮׵Ļ

ϾƹϣۣȴԵ
ǣˣ

ɡ
ϾƹЦ
ͷһϵĵٴαɫ⺳ϰ˻ġ
н֯տտâһ̶ˣһţͬһ⣬ͬ˲ƶֻգۼϾƹǰȭƵϾƹ¡
һ˲䣬ܵȫ̮磬ֲĻ˾㤡
⣬⡭
һڷڵĲ̫ˣЩͨӺ
Щͨӿֱһȭ
ϣӶȭȭͷתϾƹǰȭʮ졣
Ͼƹֻ̧֣һʳֱָѹȭͷϡ
ʱ͵һͬǱ׻һ㡣
ʹе¶ɫ˼ĿϾƹ
֪Ͼƹǿ󣬷ǳǿԳ֮ǰɢ˷ǳǿĵһǻȭѾó߲սϾƹֻ赭дһʳָ͵סĹҷʹܵȭƵķ

ϾƹЦ
ͷɫø棬ǣɫŨ
䣡
ӶȭȭӰһһΧϾƹ͵Ĺ
ϾƹվԭأֻһʳָӭսĻȭһδε¡
ҵ졭
ںɽֱۡ
Ƿǳжǿֻﵽۻʵ죬սƥǿЩˡӶȭϾƹȴֻһʳָ͸ˣһδε¡ңΪҪǣУιϾƹʼնվԭأŲƶһһ
áʦ
ҶͯҲľ
֮ǰǿնɱɢ޵ۻʵĳĨɱˣǿļ¡ȻϾƹʦȴôֲĵȭô
ϦͼȻҲ𾪣ղϵƺεȿ£ǿѹؼһУɴʱϾƹǰվԭأֻһʳָ͵С
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ϣȭȭһδκ£ʮ
໣

֯һͷ֣һͷɻ˾۳ɣݣʵһ㡣
һ̣ȭݻΣƴﵽ۷塣
ֻǣ𺳵ǣϾƹֻһʳָѹһУС

ϾƹЦ
ͷ棬̫ľתһ̲ӡ콣淨ԡ
ˣ
ҡַƽ֯գӿʮ
ҶݺѪɫѷ졢ǿ¡̫գɫͼһأɫ콣âϳգϵ֯ƣһƸ֣һһڵĵӡԻʹս
⡭
֮£һڷڵӽչ෨
ʵʩչԷǷףÿһڶ𼶵ıǿޱȡ
СӣȻƿô෨ֱǡ
Ϳľ
ԶȻҲǳԾϵƸˣҸףǿۻҡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
չһһڵ񷨣ΧϾƹһһ¡
ϾƹЦֻһʳָӭӡ콣âĥʮƣܼƣһӡ
ңУ켸ܵķαˡ
СѾþųսˣȴȻô
ںɽӲûɳ
ѽ
С̫ʱ򶼵ɴ˫ۣȻǱȻסˡ
ԶϦͼҲĿ࣬Ծ
Ƕ֪ʦǳǿ󣬱콾ȴû뵽ôǿ
¡¡ģ죬ѹһС
Լ𾪣Ծųս߶һһڵ֮ǿӹɣȴȻȫϾƹһʳָ͵𺧡
ҧ̫ľתĸ죬ɫѪҪᴩǿС
ϼһҪչˡ
Ͼƹ
ϾƹվԭأЦ


1266 ˫
棬һ̫ľתɫƵϵ񷶼Ⱦ˽ɫǵȿµ˶Ϊ֮Ĳ
һ̣һ貵ͼʼһֱɢʥϢͬǿʥͼһ㣬Ϻͺ嫣·ǿջ
ͼһ˽һ
ǣǡ
һڷڵӶ¡
̫ϳϺͷ˽ľֻͼ𺳡
ԶһλϣϦͼȻǶݡ
ǵΪ񶼴ȻܸоͼĲһ㣬еİֹһμʩչͼ
ǰ֪ʲôΪһڼǿͨԭȻ򡣡
˸⣬ղſԼҪչˡ
ֻͼ

ˣ
ϣһͼʣϼ
ͼһϵٴͬһڻɽͻأһ㡣
ǿƥ
ϼһˣ
Ͼƹ

Ͼƹɢ
ͷһֱӶˡ
ֻͼһѹأƵĵۻѹƺƵѹϾƹ
򣬿ѹһУʱԵۼʵչǵǿĺš
Ͼƹ̧֣һָѹǰ

ͬմɱѵ£ֳһѺۡ
ֻͼһʱס޷ѹ£ڲƺһ̾Ҫƿ
飡
Ͼƹʳָ㣬һĨֱӱֻͼŵŵĺˡ
һĻЩˣķһ˽Եֱۡ
СӵֻͼȻô׾ͱСǴڵۻʾ
ɽŴ졣
ҶͯҲǵɴ۾סˡ
ͬʱϦͼ˸죬չֻͼж£ǿɶ̵ĸܣǵƺǵȺ嫣ֱͬԷʥͼǿ֧źѹһУǽΪ֮ĲǣôǿͼȴɱϾƹ赭дһʳָ𿪣ʹǽļ£Ͼƹǿ󳬳ǵ
ΨԵúƽʼմЦ
ڲϣľֻͼ򰡣Ѿ۷弶ս߶ɾȻ֮ͬǰһ㣬Ͼƹһָ͵ڣоϾƹһ˿һǴ͵һС
Сӣ㶣ⲻǿս
Ͼƹ
ȣһͷã
̫ľתҽڣֻͼٴα漴ֽ̧ӡһƵâڳ˸ڹԣƺʣȴ嫵
ȵâһڣһֻͨǸо˺ǿ󣬵Ǵﵽ˴ϵķ̫ϳϡͿõȴǸ¶֮ɫ
ǡĲ
ûǵ򲨶ǣֵ򲨶ǡ
оʲô
̫ϳϡͿ˾ȡ
񶼴ڴΣǧǳϤˣ˽˺ܶ࣬Ƕ˿չĵȴȫס
ںɽҶͯҲ¶ɻı飬ȻﵽҲϲȵ
ͬʱԶϦͼҲǸЩãȻ
ǡ
ǵĲǣʲôô
Ҳס
ŮӺ档
ǰҼʩչȵǳ£Ϊȴһ٣ȴûκֵ֪Լ˵
Լ֪
˸ˡ
ĳִȴԼ֪ԼĴʲôģ
ȻܹŹ֣ȷʵңԴȵ󣬾Դǧǿʢﶼų⣬ųһ㡣
˵
ǸӲˣԴʿԿϴӼĴʹüĴøǿʢպԴͽЧˣڵĴȴųʰųԴ
⡭
ǸȺͺ棬ƫͷǷʶȴ
Ҳ֪
ҡͷҲܲ⣬ʩչʲôֻܹоһɳĺ嫣ܹǧ綼ȥƺ԰ס
ˣ
ϣâʣԣޱߡ
ȵâһʹϾƹۣȻǸоȵâķǷ
һ̣Ǿָֻƽ
ˣ
âŨȵâӿٻ۵ֻͼڡ
̼䣬һһǿƵ֯ʥϡ嫺תһƵǿ
ȵͼһٴ𺳣Ʊȸղŵֻͼǿ̫ˡ

Ͼƹͷ
ǿһУںϣֻͼȻ󡭡
˵˫ۡ
漴һ̣˫ȴǱˣһƵƻƣ˫ڸγһƻʩʩȻת·ԿؼһС
һֻ̣ͼۣһսᵽ۷塣
ʱǿ̬
⣬ǣ
ʦֵ۾ô
ǣҡ
һڵľʧɫ
վڷڣʱźԶľ뿴Ųϣֻǿʱ۾ǾͶʱо̲ͨסЩֱƿĿ⣬ȥ˿̵۾ƺٿһۣҪһ㡣
ȻǴķ̫ϳϺͷҲоļ£ʶڵ궼ɵûһ£һ˿˿Ĵʹо˫۾¶ƺ͸ˣʲôزˡ
ԶϦͼȻҲľһμ۾
һ۾ǡ죺ǰûм⡭
ϲһܾãֻͼĴĴֻͼȴ˫ۣһֻоһȡ
¶ɫȻǱ˫
䣡
ϣۺ󣬴ֻͼһ˲øǿ
Ͼƹʱ˫ۣһۣңһ΢
۾
˵
УƻתƹŨ
۷սˡ
Ͼƹ
ϾƹЦͬʩչֻͼʱǰ㣬ֻ֣
ͷ۽֯ƹ⣬ֻͼһУѹʮ
һֻͼϣգ۳ϾƹһǴλúֻͼǿƥѹϰ˻֮ѹ¡
ֻǣһ̣ݣϾƹһεĽ磬ǿĴֻͼѹ䵽Ͼƹң޷ˣεĴס˵ͼ
⡭
ԾεĴоϾƹȻȻɢϢһ㡣
ܲ
Ͼ͸ڣٴָͣһ
һֻͼֱӱ飬һֱɡ


1267 
ֻͼ飬챻ɣʮɿסΡ
ʱ䣬£һ
⡭
Ŀࡣ
ۣչǿĴֻͼȻҲ㱻ܡ
ϾƹȻָֻһѡ
̬˰ô˵СҲǵۻֻ壬޵а
ļ¡
ʦǿ
Ҷͯȡ
ڣзڵӾȣ̫ϳϵ˾ȣϦͼҲȣϾƹʵ̫£Уֻһʳָѹ졣
ϣ𺳣֪ϾƹǿһʼûԼܹսʤϾƹֻǾãȻԼʤϾƹսʮϰӦûǾû⣬һսľϾƹʼû¶һ˿Ųûжһ£ֻһʳָЩ
ϼһʲôˣˣ
Ͼƹ
ϾƹЦ£
죺
Ͼƹн֯âҲΣ
УϾƹʼնֻڵֵĹһֱκι뿴ϾƹĹһϾƹĹ
Ͼƹʼһӣ˶٣ð
ʱ߶ȼУ̫ľתޣУƹø貣עϾƹ
׼ˡ
˵
ϾƹͷһЦ
һ̣һϾƹеâ֯һϢ
Ϣǳ΢СȻֻϾƹɢһѹˣȴ˲亹ëֻоضת
ͣ
ĽɫֱˣӲϱѹ䣬һڵرϡ
ںݺݵĻһ£ҳһӣɳʯɡ
һĻٴ𾪣Ϧͼˣ֮ǰǿ˵˹̫սһ˵˵ھĸնɱʮϵɢ޵ۻʣǿޱ޼ʣϾƹоôǱ
΢ΣϾƹϢԲʧһ̳ˤڵصԱߣһ߿Ŵе졣
СӣоΣ
Ц
죬ۣͷȫˡ
ͻȻԼЩȫŰˡ
ϾƹЦڳûڣתʹָ
Ӵվһ֫
ϼһ㵽ڼˣ
Ͼƹ
ѾԿ϶ϾƹԴﵽΣҾһΣʵһε˲ôǱһ㷴֮ûС
£
Ͼƹ
죺
ϾƹЦĲӣҺȾȥ
һۣʦͽ˱ʧڷڣںɽȥˡ
̬ˣ
ʦ
ѽ
ҶͯС̫Ӻɽ
ڣһڵӶһһ㶵ģ󣬸жǽ֯貾â
ǰá
ʦҲǿƣֱֱǡ
ô޵еĴڣʮ򣬻˭ǣ
һڷڵӼѡ
ϾƹǿҪ˵ͬ˵еĹһ㣬죬̶Ͼƹ׾ٵѹƣǿЩȴǶܿĳʮ֮ˡôһ޵еʦͽǿԸʮˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ЩҲǷĹʣղʩչһ̫ˣȻЩͨӵΪ޷򵽾裬򲻵ƤëˣʩչһЩӵĴȴҲǷǳĴ
ҸоҪͻˣҪȥչؼգ
Ҳǣ
Ҳһ
һ
ܿ죬вٷڵӶصԼס
ʣʣ
ڴǰͿǾ⣬Щ˷ܡ£ʩչһһЩͨӶãοĴڣʱҲ˲ٶȻЩʣǶȴǷǳ
ȥ¹أͿϣԸӽҳǸӸһ¡
ҲŴջʱȲҪȥչظ
Ǹ˭˭˭ǱǸһ£ã
ͿָżڵӺһһˣȻҲҪȥչء
ε˵Ħۼǿ߽չǳ
̫֮ϳϺ϶ٵ뿪Զ
ԶϦͼһһ㶵ģڻϾƹдС
߰ɣҴ洦ߡ
Цż˵
˻عæͷŷڵһȥ
󣬷һӾͱðЩ

ʱĺܿ죬Ϧͼڣһ۹ȥ˰¡
һ죬Ͼƹʱ׼뿪ڣȥ׹һ
ΪүүԶɽʦ࣬λ߶ڱ׹ڣȻصһȻҪȥݷáͬʱ׹ҲһЩ˺ѣˣˣôЩȥҲһЩˡ
ݷ곤ѣǻһС
Ͼƹ
õġ
ͷ
ܹϾƹһУȻ֮á
֮뿪ڣϦͼһ뿪
ȻҶͯС̫ȻҲǸš
Է£ûգͽУű׹ȥ
һʮأ֪ϽϺʯϵΣǣ֪ô
Цŵ
ģġ

һͽУ;ɽˮľԼ˰ң뱱׻ʳǡ
ȥ׻ʳǺܾ޴󣬳ǽʣɭϣһߴ
ʮûˡ
վڳ
ڳ£ͽڡ
׻ʳǽֵкܶ࣬ÿһֵ϶̷ڽŸֶ
˺ܶ࣬ͨķˣҲвʿ඼ζѣĶ١
ʮûлصǣڱ׻ʳǵĸֵȴǶǳϤһֵŻʳǽȥ
ͼǻصʳǣһҪݷõģȻϽԶɽ
ףǸôôϤ
⡭Ǻ졣
Ҳú죬˭ţ
ֵߣʱ򣬲˵Ŀⶼϣ˽
ʿüͷ˼죬ʳģ޴ĵΪһӡ漴ɫʱһ䣬ɵö¡
⣬棿
촽ֱ¡
ģͻʳĵĵһģһ
ԱߣһʿʱۣҲʳĵʯĿϣʧɫɵ÷
֮ûȥãطֵܣ˶Ƿ˶ߣʳĵ֮Ա죬һı鶼仯
һģһĻһ
ǡǸˣ
ɣҡǼ˴˵еˣ
Щ𺳡
ʮǰ׵ƾµɽһͳ۹ֹսңһǧҵһн޽񣬲ӡϡ棬족һ֣£ڱ׹ĵλԶԶڱ׵ͱ׻ңǱ׹ϵĴۣ׹˽֪뱱׻ʳǣЩ˷ֺǵһģһʱ󾪡


1268 
׻ʳǽֵϣʱ򶼾סˣ۾ȫϡ
Ǹˣûģڱ׵ԺйңҼ񣬾˵Ǳѣ̳еλͳһ۹йأ˿죬̲ס漴ĿԱߵļϣǶݣߣǸǡϽŮС㣡
˻һط˶һĿ⿴죬ֿꡣ
ûǡǼС㣡
⡭ǸСߣǾ;ûˣԾǸ죡ҿ˵ˣΪ˼Сŭ׻ʹϵһĵ
Ǹ죿Ǹұ׵۹棿
ֵϣһ˽Ծסˡ
漴һ̣˶һȫһ߰
ݼ棡
ݼ棡
ݼ棡
ط˲˴Ƭˣ˶д˷϶޵ĹҪ֪һı׵£죬λԶԶڱ׵ͱ׻ң죬ЩҲ
ֵģŲһ٣ա
ʵϣط˿ʼһ˲䣬Ѿˣû⣬ĬĬĳŽȥŲɵüӿ˼ֻ֣ΪЩߵֻǣû뵽ǣطЩ˾Ȼһѷֱӳݡ
ˣǲǵһƽ
Ȥ
죺
£ˡ
һ
һ̣۹һϦͼˣ˲ʧԭء
һɲǣ˵Ұжʧȥһ˵Ӱ
ˣ
ոģ⣬ô£
ʲô
ط˲⣬ǵɴ˫ۡ
۷ʿڣǾη˵Ǳ׹ĪͨնУɽƽղһʹ˴Ųͨ
ԶԶԣҲȴԣ
˸͡
һ£طһ˸Ӿȡ
⣬ǡ
֮ܡ
ѹֱڸǶ񣡡
һͳ۹ĺĹϵ
̫̫ǿˣ
һ۷׷ס
طûһ֪δƶģûһܹҲΪˣЩ˶÷ǳЩ˿ֶΣֱͬһ㡣

Ϧͼ뿪ֵģʱֱӳ˽ڡ
ɰѽڵһЩӶ˾˸Ǻֱϳ󣬲ƽ
ӶǰԶɽ˹Ϣ󣬼Զɽܿ߳ͼˣԭǸ˺ͼá
겻ϽӹԽԽˡ
쿴żԶɽЦ˵
Զɽұһսɳλӱ׹հܾء
ʱʮ꣬ʱԶɽּԶɽľȵǿ̫࣬ͬնΪȻѾﵽͨɾ硣
Сǵĸ
ԶɽЦ
Щ꣬ÿһͻԶɽϦҲһΪĹϵʲôȱй龧͵ҩȣÿιԶɽܶ࣬Щ䱦֮Զɽֱ佫ʿΪȻ֮ͨɵ죬Ѫɱȵǿ̫ˡ
һ죬һӶæǰæ󣬴ھ磬ͼǹ
죡
տʼûã𼤶
ʳڵĴԳ˻ʳڵ£󾪣еҪ£ֻƬֱ̣ӱĹôԻڵһʱ
ʵϣûв´
Ļˣ
ڽ죬Եúܼ˷ܡ
յã׼Ժȥ㣬û뵽Լˡ
Цŵ
Ҳʱ򣬽
ҳ˽Ϣͬһ㣬ֱӱ˽
ʮټ㾫Һܸˡ
Ц
ֻɨһۣͷΪһ㣬崦յھأյھأҳ˴յأң϶н׵ŵйϢĵӦǼ֪Щ˶ѣԽͨɾйһЩͨ鵤ҩȱ
ʱ֮ǰڻر׹;ʱ˵ġģġ仰˼ˣЩĹ˺ѣһֱڹš
һƻַͨǳһֱ峿
ڱ׻ʳǴãУ塢˸һƷʥͬʱҲ˸һйžʹ˽ǴϲĹǻǵһμǼĲС
ڼϽȻҲ׼һ׼챦һۼžͬʱ鵤ҩȣͨĵۻʼǿ߼ҲΪ֮ۺ졣
һ죬ͼԶɽ𣬴ˣǶȥ
ûйȥãһ˽ǣ丮
滳
ʮغٴλصЩп
Ǵط𲽣һ·սڣɱ˵ۻʼ
ЦЦž丮ȥ丮һСԺڼʯ
ʯǴͨɾһ죬Ȼûٰæ
һ꣬ɸʤѾͷ۹Ȼ
ʯЦ
úúã
ҲܸˣͷȻﵽʲôΣĵԶԶǿ󣬾ѾǴһĸ߶ȡ
ϴЦʯǳ𾴣μӾ丮ˣ⵽ĪұƺǸʱʯ໤ˣн졣
ȶ£ʼռУΪΪǿ±ǨǷֺ
ΪλǰЩþƻ
Ц
ȷʵǺþƣϾƹ˳ģϾƹȵľƶϾƹԼ죬ʤ
صɾƣһЩϽһЩطǡ
һʯȻҲڣһμһҹȥ
֮ھ丮˰£ʯ
ǰֱ͸һ׼챦һۼžͬʱҲһЩɵҩҩȣЩԱ֤ʯϳ¡
λǰǸˣԺٻǡ

ʦʯϣ滹ǻ㾭ǵġ
֡
λүүټѽСϦҲᾭǡ
Ϧ뿪丮ǰ׵ԺУûܵ˵չˡ
ꡢѩҹҲڣЩ꾭Ѿʯ졣
ʯһ˸ԵͷЦŻֵ
գһ뿪ǣûٻر׻ʳǣڷǧ˺ѷ죬Ϧͼ뿪һ̱ǳڷڵɽ֮¡
ڻˣСӣϽı̬ʦүҪһ
˫۷Ź⡣


1269 ۻ
ܹǿһϾƹ콾ǿߣϵһĹУܿͶܵõ϶⿪ٶȻᱻ࣬Ⱥ¿ǿģʱһֱڵŻС
ҶͯҲҪһ𣡡
Ҷͯ
ѽ
С̫գգۣĸŽٲȻڱԼҲҪ롣
һЦУ߰ɡ
ɽмɽһˣæд
ԶԣϦͼˣŶ͵ʯ̨׳ŷڵȥ
ܿ죬һ˵ٷϡ
ϦͼŮסѾ׵żˣżĴ߶
ҶͯС̫ںɽϾƹѾ
У
˫۷Ź⣬Ȳ
ҶͯҲЩ˷ܣܺʦϾƹʦһȻǸˡ
ѽ
С̫˫ɫ⽻֯Ư
Сһܲ
Ͼƹ˵
С̫Ĺһû
Ǻܲ
ͷ
СһǣԴõĵС̫ʱɵĿ³ԼӵСһﻹδĸаСһǿֲģԳ˵
ˣϻ˵˾Ϳʼ
ϾƹЦ
ã
Ӧ
֮췢˼ɽǳƺǱ˴طǿƶ漴ֻһ֪ضϾƹ
úҶͯС̫Ͼƹеһɽ֮ڡ
ɽڣɱ鲼ǸԵΪ磬̶֯ͬȵɱ⣬úܡϾƹڣԷģ
Żµɲǣ¡һɽ·˰㣬޾
Ͼƹ̧֣⻪һ졢С̫Ҷͯ˲䱻ɢɽڵĲͬ
䣡
ɱ⽻֯նš
ѽ
׶ɺеϾƹһĳȫһΪһû뵽һͱôֲɱڣһɱʹ궼ڲƺһ̾Ҫ˰㡣
˿⣬ǿͨɱзɿ㡣
һλϣҲľɱɫǸطֲ̫ˣҪһ㣬ڸŷһȻ
λÿȥҶͯС̫ʱҲڱɱĸλϵɱ֮ͬŷǳԵ
⡭
ЩľŽ׿ʦˮ׼ⷽɽб鲼޾ƣǣÿһȴǸɽȻ£УͬɱȴܸǸԵΪ̶ͬȵɱ⣬ʵЩ¡ΪҪǣһ⣬Ǳǣôֲɱĺ£ɽȴûб٣һǿס˴ɽɽ塣
ңһ㣬ǱǣطɱֲˣڲԶǷȴûκһܿõ޷оϢ·ǣĵط糹׵ĸһ㡣
ֶΣ𺳣þԼǿʮϰٱҲΪ̫ˣ˵ƵȿԸϢǣһվڷڣһ̧ͷҲܿһвŶԣǣһĿɨʱȴƺʲôҲ
ԶվһľϵϾƹЩ𺳣ϼһڵ׶ǿˡ
Сӣ롣
Ͼƹ
ع˵ͷʵϣʱҲȥˣһɫɱ䣬ֲ˼㣬òչȫȥ⡣
໣
Զİ׶˲٣ѾѪ졣
أ
У˷ܵĸϻҪϾƹһУȴ㣬ֱŰ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ɱһ䣬츲أţҶͯС̫ڵĵط޾ɱƲһǽһһ·ƣǳˡ
ҪٶȳѼޣܶ࣬ĵرĴȵȣЩСϾƹڣûЩ£һҲܼ򵥣Σյһδĥ£ǿбȳǱܡ
ȴĻصⷽɽڵÿһ
̫ⷽˣ
С
ôһСʱ䣬ɱУøǱˡ
һطҶͯҲǺǱȾѪȴڷĳɱ⡣
ѽ
С̫߷Ȼɫ⻤壬ܵɱĶᡣ
콫һо۵ףһ⣬ȫĵЩɱ档
ϾƹĻǳͬԼҲΪʱȻһһ
ˣ
ͨɫڣȫɱ⡣
ˣʱһĹȥҶͯ˶ⷽɽ䣬ɱÿջϾһ죬ǵϢʱ䣬ɱٴתٴǿɱ⡣̣һϵϢһƵĳ
ȻЧ
ΪӣϢǿɽɱǱøӿɲ
أˣ

ѽ
С̫ߣɫñǰǿˣɱҲűøǿᡣ
һߣҶͯȫת̫ľһɱ档
ǽ֯Žâøǿֻͼһķҡ
ϾƹԶһľϣһƷһڿߡͬһʱ䣬е⻪ڽ֯ƺһַǳķ
ʱɿţһ۶ѱ¹ȥ
Щ죬ϦͼЩɻȥˣôʼûпǵӰϢо
֪ںδҲûԴһ˵ɽ
طϾƹֶΣֻⷽſԿо
Ȼַ֪
⡭
˿ɽڵĳһǲĶ¡
ȥֿµɱݺᣬ졢ҶͯС̫Ǳѣֱ·ϱƣɽϵİ
ֱǡ
˿Һ
ֱ̫ˡ
ǰûѵǡ
ӡ
ЩǼܹϾƹָͬ㣬ǿɼֱҪˡ
ɽ˰գ뿪ʵЩȥΪ̫ҡ
䣡
ɽڣɱⲻ䣬š
гԿɱ⣬ʱҲڷɿš
һתۣ¹ȥ
µʱҶͯڿڶ۷壬ڰ죬С̫Ϣ˸࣬ԼҪ𾳵ס
һһ¹ȥ
һ죬𶯣ͻأǣɱ·ڣͻƵۻıݣۻʵ졣
¶âһԸо˸ǿսڵۻ
䣡
ҲʱڣɱڣȻѹһƬʮ
һ䵽ر
@#
һʹΪطɱҲűøˡ


1270 Ϊ
ϾƹӡɽеĴʵЩǷɱƱ鲼ѹʮء
һ̫ľתһƽɫ⵱
䣡
ʱۻ죬Ϣǿֻ࣬ͼһ콣âҲһƵնϣ˻ġ



ռһ飬ʱɢϢЩ£һɱ⡣
ܿ죬Щɱֱǿ˼֣ʹѹʱ䱶
ȫͶ뵽طУûȴһɱ⽫岻ıѣʹѪˮȴʼշǳᶨ

ԶϾƹһľϣ⽻֯ԣЦſ
أ@#Ҫˣ
ڰ
ϾƹµɱĴ̼£Ϊ죬ɱǱøӿ£ʹ֮ǰǱ״̬û˿תɺܲҡ
Ҷͯ⽻֯âɱ£ҪǱ࣬ȴҧ֧ţ̫۶˿콣̫Կܼɱ⡣
̫ۣͦá
ϾƹҶͯһģȴǻһĨ΢⣬˵ͷ
ɱ޾ⷽɽˣɱ·Ҫһж𣬲ɽȴʼձֵãһɷǳǿػš
ѽ
С̫ɫŨ߲ѡ
ʱΧߵɱԽԽ࣬ǳˣﶼҪֲ
ϾƹۿСһߣͻˡ
Եú⽻֯ŵԣԶʱʱһ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɱͬâ˻˹
һۣ¹ȥ
һ죬ⷽɽڣһױȵǿѹɫա
Ϣһɽڣ졢Ҷͯһݡ
Сһͻˣ
¶â
𾳲ˣ
ۼ׶˲٣Ǳʱ̲ס
Ϣǿ
Ҷ̫ͯŨȻǶ̫۵ƿرñǰӴˡ
ⷽɽУһɫ⽻֯ʥ鲼ʮÿһ䡣
һ̣СһëƤøˣͨɫ⣬Եۻʾ۷ͻƶﵽ𾳵һΡ
ɫӿСһɢϢ˲ɽ˰㡣
һΣɱȹ¾磬Ȼټ
Ͼƹ
ո£ʱ䣬Сһܵɱⱬֱӱÿֲʮ
һɲǣСһֱӱɱûˡ
ѽ
ɫƵСһ߷Ȼ
Сһﵽ𼶣һΣطɱɱСһΪǿѹСһСһɫⲻϷ顣
ħ
ԶϾƹ漴ûоˣʼԼɱ⡣
쿴С̫һЦҲʼŬԿɱ⡣
ˣ
ɫ⽻ֻ֯ͼͬʱҲ
ܼɱڣƺͣЪ
ܿ죬ȥ
ʱʼնⷽɽϽɱϴֱһ죬ɽڵɱⷽȫɢȥ
䣡
ĹǿϢطƵʮ졣
ʱ䣬Ϊﵽ˵ۻʵ죬Ҷͯﵽ죬С̫ﵽڶΣﵽ벽ۻʼΣνž˵ջ
ȻܹĽȻȫɱĥ£ҪǣڵһͷȥϾƹʼΪǽ𾳣ԵĶÿһ˽ָһܼ򵥵Ļܽ⿪һйе
ϾƹԶоΡ
ǳã

ǴڵۻʼΣҪΪ¿ǷǳѣȻ񣬽ֻʱѣǴӵۻ˵ۻ죬ûκĵرͻ£ֱ
ڲκĵرͻ£˵ָʱӵۻﵽۻ죬ٶȣǿŵĿ¡
ʹٴ𺳣ϾƹֶΣļ¡
̫ˣ
ˬ
С
ʱȻ˿ͷջȴҲǷǳˣسڴﵽ˰벽ۻʾֻۣ벽׼۾Σޱȸˡ
ѽ
С̫ϾƹĽԼʵȻǷǳ⣬һӾȴ޾ɱ¡
ҶͯòϾƹ񣺡ллʦ
ʱ䣬ڴﵽ죬ĸС̨ףջȻǷǷĺܣʱǷǳ
Ͼƹ֣ĹɢȥϵıЦȾȥ
ߣҪúңһ£
໽С
мǧʱﵽھ죬ʶڶޣָΪҳԽĸ߶ȣﵽ벽ۻʲΣֻС벽׼۲ΣۻʾʱȻ˷ܵĺܡ
һ죬ںɽһ𣬾ƮڿУдþòɢ
ȻѰı𣬿䣬ȲþƵ˶ˡ
ܿúڰҹĻ٣һſǳ׺ǿС
Сӣ׼ʲôʱ򡣡
Ͼƹ졣
£ٴһʱ䣬ȥѰһЩѣȻ̵ˡ
ϤĹˣԡƣöѰȻٴС
Ͼƹ˿ھƣҪæ
ãһжѾ׼ǲõȶѣܼ򵥣˶ʱ䣬Ūã֪ͨʦ

ҹںɽƮţϾƹһһ޵ıȡ˳
ֱգ˲ͣ
ûˣȥ㡣
Ͼƹƨˡ
վǰķڣϵ̫һ¡
һʱ䣬ȥˡ

ûϦͼĴתƣȥ˷ڵÿһ䣬ͬʱʱ˺ջɱ׹˷ϽʯԼˣΪЩ͹ͳЩ䣬漴ֻصڡ
һΣ¹ȥ
º죬Ͼƹͷ̫ϳϵ˸漴뿪
׼Ѱˣʼ̵һЩˡ
ȥĹȣ˫һ̵£Ϧ뿪
ˣ
ѣ˺ϣֱӳڵڶİ׼⡣
׼ң֮ǰ̵ֻͰһһεҲ֪˰׼Ҹ߲ˣͬʱίıð֮Ĵ̡
׼һڸ߲Ȼû˿෴ǳ޳ɣϾδİ׼Ҽһǵǰ̳У׼ֱϵҲԡңĸ䱦İ׼ҼѾǿ˴Σ֮澳ûʲô⣬һڶִư׼ңȥμ¡
οҪĴ̾ԷǳϾǵۻʼǿߣˣ۴һ˵һڵھϴ´̴Ҽ룬ǰ׼ҶԶֻд棬ܻ᲻ͬ⣿ңҪǣʼǰ׼ҵˡ


1271 ټ
׼Ҹ߲дһ¾ðһ𴴽̲Ҽ룬˾ܾĻᣬʹЦ˵׼һڴлץ߳׼ҡ
壬ʷǷаļ룬֮Ĵ̵Ľ׳󣬶о޴á
߳׼ң뿪׼ҺԶ˺ϣһ۴һ˳ڵ֮ڡ
ʵϣûʲôر£֮ΪһУϦ涼ƬһһĿһ漸
ڶǵ򣿡
Ưܹ
ɽľȵһúܶ࣬еҲŨࡣ
Ϧ
ǶǵһʱƬ֣н⡣
쵭Цڵתһ漴˺գ
ȵЩ
ѩҹС
ڵȥһ͵ڶȴǵһ
Ƭ򣬰干棬治ϡ
ܡ
ҪǴϦꡢѩҹƬеһ漴˺գһһ޴Ĳǰܱ࣬Ȼڡ
ʱطΪѰӢ۶
ܿ죬Ӣ˳һһڴҲ
죬аֺͰ׹þò
ӢۼһˣǷǳˡ
һУ׼áҶͯ˶ʶʱ˽ԼãԼѩҹ漴ŮܷӢ۵ˡ
֮ٴοڣԼҪڵھϴ̵¸֪߲ίĵ⣬ϣӢۿԼ֮Ĵ̡
ԣ
û⣡
ӢۣСֵһ𣬺úøɣĪҪ͵ˣ
˵ͷû˿ԥͬ׼ǰ㣬ѡضֱӱ淶Ӣ۴Ӧ÷Ӣ۱롣
ΪЩ˶ֱܺ壬쵱͸һ챦뷶Ӣۼ룬Ȼܻܾң챾ǳǿҪĴ̱ضܲ÷Ӣۼ룬ֻкô˿
л
һ˵л
Ӣ壬ҲǲףԸ÷Ӣۼ֮ҪĴ̣֮Ĵ̵ĳɳԻŲСã˵Ƿ
һͣһʱ䣬ֱ峿ǴŷӢȥ
ˣ
뿪Զ˺ϣֱӳڵ
ʮһȻأУɱ¾ÿһޱȻңԣͨϣҲ򡣡
ΪϦꡢѩҹƬ˲ϲ
š
ϦվԱߣͷɨܡ
ЦһƬһӱ߽紦ߵƬͨʱŻһδһʱŻУΪϲʱŻϦͼǲܹʱζһʱŻ
˵һһ˽ɫʱŻڣ漴һ۱ʧ
ڰҰһָ̻һ˳һƬɽ
򣿡
ʵ

ͷ
ĴɽǳΡ룬ϦƬ磬򵥵Ĺۿһ
ͬʱн֯һƵľâ뵽˺ԡ
ΪӦڵ򵽵ھ֮䡣

ʮǰԱѾڴΣȥô꣬仳ѪʶۣҲӦôﵽ澳ϣҺпѾﵽΪ룬ԷǴڵ򵽵ھ֮
򣬿ʼԵټ룬Ӧ˼ԡ
ȻʿϢĹУһʿȻϳ˭˶ǲĶ¡ϾÿһƬɶ˺պһ·򵽵ھȥĺˣ
ңΪʵĹϵֻѾǱн֪Դ˵еֻ壬ЩʿǾĲ
֪
˴õĻش𣬼ˡ
֮һ˿򣬿ڰ˴ڵڰѰԵ˶ŸǰһĴɽһͷɫᴩڣɳɢŷǳֲϢΪԡ
л
ʿлһƷֱӴһ뿪ǰʿᵽĴɽֻվʿſеĵ˫ۡ

ʿеĵǼļ£ֻشһ⣬Ȼ͵õһڵһЩǿ߶һڣռѣȻһڵֱһ㡣


1272 ۣʼ
֮ǰǸʿһ˰ʿԣܿһĴɽ⡣
ȥɽڹľһԭʼϢڽ֯
ֱһĨ΢⡣
ĴɽĿУȷȷʵʵоϤϢںС
䣡
ŨӺĴɽ֯ǿϢ
ǰԵϢ
ѩҹݡ
û
ŵͷ
ԸѩҹصһʶԣȻǵöԷϢ
ڵһʱǸоˣâһһתۼʧԭأһ̱Ǵһ˳Ĵɽ
䣡
ǰһϿȣһԾУͨ鲼ɫۼףоڹת
ҵˣ
¶Ц⣬ͷԣǺԡ
ڵɽԷʶһκԻɱʱΪԶûжԷߣȴѹ˶ԷַŹ˶ԷΪһͷѪնɱʵЩϧ󣬺ԼĶ飬߳ɽս£ͨɴʱƴΪֵ١
ҲĻ֮һ
һﱻסˡ

ԶԶĿȥϢǳǿᣬѾǾ죬ʱȴ鷳һطڽ֯ͬһܼ֮˹ڡ
֪

䣬һˣһ˹ȥɫ֮ѹ¡
һʱ䣬͵ģźԵһһı鿪
ԻһɣĿˣ󵱼ݡ
죡ǡ
ܳĬʱȴ¶ɫ
ϾѾܶûмѩҹˣң֮ǰ˵ֻ£û뵽ʱ졣
ҡ
Ц
ѰսĻ֮һȻˡ
Բ̸ôûмѩҹˣȴҲ˵˺ܶ໰
֪ⷽϿкܲĶǰںԶӦնطסˡ
вĶһӦʱɫƺС
ɽ֮£оһɹɺܾ
쿪ڣɽ£Ԫ
ʵϣڿⷽϿȵһ˲䣬ǸӦطŲ䱦ڣ;ⷽϿ֮£Ϊʮ۶ɵԪĳ̶ֳ˵ļֵߣڰ벽ۻµ˿˵ΪʥңȶⷽϿźܶ࣬ʮţ˵һԵıء
ΪԪĴڣطֵ㣬γһ֣˿Уѡ
·ŵƽֱ֯ƿ֣Ͽһѷ졣
ȥʮ̰СĴɫžһ𣬽֯ԡ
öڣԱѾûˡ
Ѿڰ벽ۻʾԪֻ԰벽ۻʾµʿЧ
ȥȡɡ
ԺԵ
ԪȻȡȴǺȷ֣ȻӦɺȥȡ
Ȼ֪ʲôȡ䣬οҲòôࡣ
īֲˡүСӺС̫Ҫⶫһȥ
ԣֱӵͷ
Ǿô졣

Ϊһ˻Ϧһ˽Ͽ£һԪ
ｻ֯ϦԪϢԶڿٵ
һۣ¹ȥ
ºһɹǿȺ𣬵ԪһϣдջϦһؿڶ۷壬ѩҹꡢͺԸԴشﵽأ죬̿󣬴شﵽأʱԪﵽء
һˣ
ã
쵭Ц
ԼҪ̵ºͺ˵󣬴һֱ뿪ɽ
һڰʱûǰھΪϦǽƬĻ
֮󲻶ã߹һɽӦĵԵ
ڤ޵ķ򣬵СӵϢ
ۡ
ȻҲǲˣûж˵ʲôâһһֱʧ
һ̣ǳڤϣ޵һ޳Ӱϲĵ⣬һͷ벽ۻʼ棬ȵѹŰޡ
Ӵ
кӰȻǣսĹ֮һ档
㣡
죬ЩԾ
첢սΣ֮Ѿֱʮˡ
Щսȥ̡
Ц
ụ̈
ھ죬Ҫ²ഫУҲһ
ֱӡ
ڣī˵УٶȽս
ͷâһɱ⣬벽ۻʵ
أȻô׵Ļɱ벽ۻʡ
ԾΪսʵںܿ¡
쵭Ц̵ϸĺ˵һһ˽ھ
ǵھ򣬺׳
Ϧ˳Ծ
ò˵ļ򣬵ھĺΰ׳̫࣬Ȼİ˲ҲԶԶ޷͵ھȣǴԪϵĲࡣ
ЦúͼǹƬͬʱΪ򵥵ĽܣƬĸֲԼƬĶϱĸȻ
ĹǼб㵷٣ֱӸıƬĸְ

ɡ
Ц
һƬߣ;ʿǺļ¡
ܿ죬һ˱Ǵй˼ĴɽԽ˼
ҲʱԶһųﴫϤʹʱ䶯ݡ
Сӣүнˣ
С죬أӦһ䰡
죬ȥˣ
ĺܣдУҲ֪ȥ˶Զ
һϲ˵ô˵
С׼ţԼˡ

âһһˣֱʧԭء
һ̣˳ԶĹųУһ۾ͼһµơ
Ϣǿ࣬Ѿﵽ۷壬ųУһŽֵߵƯŮӣһſڣɤӴ󺰣֡
ˣ
һѽץ˹
ˣ
ԵЩ˷ܡ
ǰǧնдﵽһ䣬һֱ߳нĴԣﵽ˵ۻʾڼǰĹȴ𣬴˵ھн֣ʹۣ־ֱֺӿʼɤһ󺰣һ˲ʶӡ׼Щ졣
û뵽ųɤӽûãĽǰ
˻ĹǼСӣɵƯУ˵㾹ȻѾﵽ˵ۻʾôģ
졣
ֱضѣ쾹Ȼﵽ˵ۻʾʵԾ
Ҫ֪ۻʾеѶȿǴˡ
Ʒãٶȿ졣
ڵ
˵ţϦ˽ƣƽϦˣ漴ֱӸԼ׼̣ҪƼ롣
úúãϲ
ֱӵͷʵϣʮǰͺһ̵¡
ߡ
һֱӰʧ
һ̣Ǵѷ߳һƬޱȵɽȺڣڵɽȻ㲻ϺΰʣȴǺܶ࣬ǧ


1273 
ǧɽһռ˷ǳķΧȥû˿Ƿ֮
ôһƬƽĵطд˵еԪλڵ£
ƾȡ
ҲЩɫطǰѾǣ̻һԪڣȴɻΪطʵ̫ƽˣ͵һһЩͨɽҲûʲô
һطܻԪĴڣҪ֪Ԫǵȶ۶൱ĹʵֵһطȶڣضŨԲӦͬطƽ
һʱ䣬ȴС̫⣬˶ǿ죬ϦŮ
Цƭǣ
̧֣һȦȦƹ⽻֯һ޴ͼڲϣΪⷽɽȺһƵƹ⣬ת۽ɽȺص׵ľֶ
ȥص¹ƣλãһŴСƣϸܵۼף֮ӡ
ʱȴ졢С̫⣬˶ǶݡʱȻǸŵرҲСĲһ㣬ܿС⽻ŵʵʻڳ˷ɢ
ǡԪ
Ϧɫһ
ȵİҲݣ˫ĿжһƵ⡣
ŵص׵Сһסˡ
ȻĵصôһԪ˵ȪӿһŶԣʵôȴô
ü
ΪﻹɽԪɢر

չƣΪһݻĵ֣ʹһ˸Ϊ֮ݡ
Ƿ֮ظ֡
˵
ԺƵİɣԪرɣ
ʵ
һЦȻҿɲǰѧġ
㻰һеľâʱŨ
ôһԪ̣Ժ󡭡
Ӣק˫ȭԵЩ˷ܡ
һ̴жԣ̵ĸɷǳҪطôһԪĴ̸ֱʮŽδСȾһ̵ｨɣδԻһʢ᳤˲˥
һжоâֱ֯ʮ󷽲ǰ
ڣô
ʵ

쿪ڡ
ɨⷽɽȺۻС磬һȫⷽɽȺĲϣÿһԺܷǷԸ϶ͳɡ
һƬĻĹʥ̡ħںͲལ󣬴⼸ڰǾͰڴ˵أԼúķѾȥ޽֮ǰҪ¶һ治˵ҪĨȥЩĸϢҪĨɾ
˵
ĵۼС磬ȡһ˽Զݡ
£

ǵڶİ׼ʥӣһ̵ĵӦηֲǳ
Ҳ

ΪҺᣬҲǵڶ׼ҵĴ壬ȻҲܶ¡
£үҲС
Ƶ
𻯵Ŵͷⷽ£Ҳǲİ
Ҳæ
Ӣ۵
գȴС̫⣬˶뵽ˡϣϦꡢ桢ѩҹͰ︺¶ϵܼĨŵĻĹĴ󴫳еϢͷֻƬɽȺĸƬϦ¶ĵйɵİⷽɽȺڡ
䳡
ؾ󣡡

䱦󣡡
ɵͥ
龧⣡
桢ӢۡԺƶ֣һö£ԺйɣԴͨЩϦ¶ĵȫµ
һʱ䣬ⷽɽȺڣֹâ㣬ɻڡ
񷣬·һУн֯âһƵ۹
ûв뵽һУΪΪҪҪ
һ³һĵ۹ʱԼʽʼ
䣡
ɫһ̣ۻΪתޣ֮ڵۻʱǿ̫̫࣬嫵ĵͬǺӴһӿ춯ء
һ̣ۣϵϢٴαǣɫâͬҪ
ˣ˫ѱٶȽӡһĪ̼両Ϊĳӣ֯޾ɱȻɱ
ɱѾ˳ɣʱӡɱʹɱӡⷽɽȺڣ֯ɽȺÿһ䣬֮ΪԺ̵Ļɱ
ͬһʱ䣬һתƻƶ۳һ޴ͼɢ޾ƹ⣬ʼƽķ֣ʹɽȺµԪ֮رܵطķֵƣԽԽǿԽԽŨͬһܻɽڱңͬһʱ䣬ķڼݱ䣬ʼϵصµԪⷽɽȺɢ
ˣһת۱ǰʱȥʱͼסɽȺġ֡׸ı䣬Ԫ˵ص£Ԫ޷ɢɽȺķΧ޷䣬ȫӿϵⷽɽȺڡ
ʱ䣬ƬɽȺڣֱŨ죬ͬһɺɽȺʣʹеİ˸һ𣬽¶֮ɫ
໣
һʵ쳹ɽȺصףԪ졣
Եص׳Ƶʮһǧɳȫ۶ɣܵӰ죬ֱƵ⣬ͬػս㽫ΧС
һĻģٴζݣһ̱˸
磬񰡣
Ϧǹ


1274 Ѹ£
⣬ɢ⣬ȫ۶ɣϺպա
ĻƼ䣬ƽ֯Ƶ磬ʥׯϡ
ʱƬɽȺڵġ֡Ѿ׸ı䣬ԪɢɽȺķΧڣ嫵ͬ麣ӿŨˡ
ˣ
˫ָ붯һ̿ʼȫĵĿӡɱ󣬿ӡ̵Ļɱ
һʱ䣬ĽâŨޱ貣һ˵ɱӿʮ
Сӣﵽۻʵֱǡ
ȣϾƹָ֮ǰǿ̫ˡ
һôģ
Ƶۡ
ֱңټ쾹Ѿﵽȵزֱ̫ˡ
ȻҲ𾪣ƣʵˡ
վûһƽܿƽ
Ǽ

£һ˽ĿƶͶ뵽һ֮
ˣ
ˣȫĵĿӡɱһɱƷɿӡϵȥͬʱҲͬʱ̻ƽ֯ӡ֮УҲӡڵرϣûص֮£ġཻ֡ڣγһַǳµĸ֣һ׽ɱ֮κʿ
ˣһתۣһ¹ȥ
ˣ
һ죬ͣʱһ£ݱķ֣ѹƵص׵Ԫϳ壬ɽȺɢͬʱӡʮɱ;󣬽ǽɽȺȫЩ֮С
иͻɱ󣬽Գ׹ɣƣ
ͬʱˡ̡һ¡
һ̣ȥƬɽȺٲȻױģһʼԵúƽһɽھֶδĥ֮һַǷƣͬһͷͷ޺ڴϣƺܾˣȻԳһƬɽ
ɽȺڣһɵ䣬׳ݻ࣬ռ㷽ԲʮرУͬҲһУһǿţرǧɸߡңϲебһǿаһ죬ÿһǷǳ޴໥ֲеķǳɣ¡
Щ͵죬ɽȺµԪƣʣԺΰ
׳ۣ׳
˫۷Ź⡣
ΰɵа˷ձ鲼գ嫵Ԫÿһ䡣
Ȼ̫ˣʮŽδС
˵һʥأ
ã
н֯⣬ɵõôһ
ã
۾
һϣнڵľâ
ȥߡ

һ֮£ʥ֮ڡ
ʥ֮ڣԪ֯Ũʥʣ̶̵һڣƬʥһ꣬ÿһ궼ƽɻơ
߹һɸжžâúʥصλá
һ־أΪʥغڡ
ǿĴУҲҪͽڣСӣѸˡ
㿪ڣط˶ǿ졣
ʥʱѾ֪ͨϾƹˣ񣬸ø֪ˡ
ʥأΪġ
ã
ͷ
һ죬һ쳹ھ죬²ԵۻΪԼڶ²ʥأӭʮ֮ʿ롣
ʱ䣬½Ծ
Ǹֻ壬
ˣһʥأ
⡭
ʿסˡ
һ̣ʿǱЩ˷¶â
ߣȥ
ʿڶڵģֱӳ֮ȥλͱʿϧķѴ龧ڵһЩ̵Ĵ붫
У¼䣬ֱʿ
ٵ񳯣γ޴ʥأһ΢СӣҲҪ룡
ʷǿֻ壬ۻʼֻ壬˴̣Ҫ룡
ҲҪ룡
ʿ⡣
ʮ񳯵˺ܶ࣬඼׵˱񳯲ɱŲ֮ͬ𣬵ȴκβ񳯣ʵһԱѰѰһ˵ҲΪΪһʵ̫ǿˡǰ췢ݣ񳯣׳٣ʹ౻ɱ׺ѵʿимޱȣ촴̣Щ˵񱼶ȥ
ʿԣǿֻ壬Ѿﵽ˵ۻʼǰǶһ˻ٵĹʥ̡ħںͲལĸնһڹϵۻʣʵ֮ǿģټ֮һʣһֲʦһ𼶵£˴̣Ȼ޴Ϊһܹﴴµʥش̣δض᲻
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһʿ˷ܣŶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲΪ֮ݡ
򣬴󡭡
Ȼˡ
һļۻǿ񻹲䣬Ȼ㿪ʼʥأʹһļۻ
ֱãۻʼǿ߲ǻع
׼ǰȥףأ
һڿ˵
ǰǴˣһļۼںܸм촴ʥأȻҪʾ
ʥء
񣡡
ʥΪʮĶ֮һһ죬һĵۻʾӱչ߳ҪǰΪ촴²ʥףء
ʵ
ִ˾ȻԼʥˣҾⶫʵͬһ򡣡
ʴ˵ֳ
׼ߣ
ʵۼ۴â
ͬһʱ䣬ھҲӦдǰ
Ϊڶ򴴽̵˿Ǵ˵еǿֻ壬ǵۻʼֻ壬һ֮ٻĹȼеˣվż
˴̣Ƭһ̣ܵȻ
ڣΪҲ漸²һЩ̺ɢǿУҲ˶ԼٸھĶ

ʥ֮⣬ʱһʿɱٶȽԿ켫
ʿǿʥصģһǴ󺧡
⣬⣬⡭
𾪡
ȥĿһƬɽȺÿһɽͬһͷϹޣƬϹ޵ɽȺڣһֺʣһձ鲼Խ֯зµƣΰģ֮ǰδ
ңʱȻֻԶԶվɽȺ⣬ЩʿҲܸоɽȺڵʥؼ佻֯ž˵ʵ̫Ũˣط۶ɵɺڷ裬һɽĳ
áôֱʣ⣬ֱǡ
Ĳ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյԶһӰ֣ɿ
ʥ֮ϣŲϸʿоâ֯
һ̣Ŀ΢ϷӰնһߣһŮ
ߺŮûʿͣʥһξ룬ֱǰȻԼŶ
ǰŶ
ǰӭ
ϴЦ⣺Сֵܣϲ
ԱߣŶǵϲֿڣգգ۵ܼʥ𣿡


1275 ˫ʢ
ŶĻʱݣŶȻҪʥأ
Ҫ룬ȻԸܸˣɣڿһˡ
ŶҪǴʥأԸܸˣʵϣһʼҲŶ룬ȴûܿڣΪŶһˣһֻʣŶˣһδȫ縺ŶϣǺͰ˴ͬ
ŶǼʥأǴһһ룬Եʥһܲס
ûϵŶܴϻۣǲµĵʲôһ̲ͨһֻ豣֤žвϾͲΪɣ沢ûƣԣʥزһĴԼδ˿Ӱ졣
ȡʱһʼ˵һ죬£ʼռǵãԣ񴴽ʱˡ
Сֵܲصǣް
ӿڡ
ʹտտâʦͽȻ㿪ڣͷ
ã

һսһȴǾʥ֪֪£ԹʮҲ֪жٴϣѰһһ˼롣
Ŷһ˼ʥأұΪ壬ƿһʼ񾵣ʥضԣĸŶʥڣʥصδԻеĸӻԻͣ財
ΪŶΪ

¼ޱȣ̧֣ɫԻӿʥڣת۽ʥһŵɵԼ򵥸ĺͶ죬ϽңϿӡ֣֯һɵۻʵϡ
ӺŶԼϦͼŮˡ
СŮޣӭ㣡

֪ŶƿһŶ룬Ҳܸˡ
ʱԶ֣Ũޱȣ֣ǰ˽֯е
ʵˣʵǿ֣߳ǰִˣϲһĵһ̫ϳϿڣʵĺ񣬽ŵµִ߽տܻæµҵһٺִ֣˴Щ£ϣа
лλڣ
л
˵ʵմ̹ɲѸ£ĵȷȷķæ£ʵλ̫ϳʱǿߣȷʵܰһЩ£ܸм
ʥ֮Ѿ׼ñϯλʵλ̫ϳϽ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ʥɽȺ⣬ƿʿϵ
ǧնأ
һ
ʵ̫ϳϴǿʱãԶԶʥ⣬ǰףı͡
һ̣ʵλ̫ϳ֮֮ʦǧն۵ˣǰϲ
лǰ
лǧնƵʦҵһֱȻѾɵ۴ﵽۻ죬սԶԷԶԷȴǷǳء
ʦ
ǰԽԼʦӵ
ʥأ
һ
ǿһʥͥǰΪʥһǿ档
Сѣϲ
뷢ԻףȴǿʢĺܣЦ⣬ء
Ѿ޾£࣬ڵۻʾ죬ʱȴǷǳֻΪ첻ǳˣΪۻʼֻ壬һս
лǰڣ
ЦӭǰأȻд󣬾ʵȶԷǿܶ࣬ȴʼձ㹻ǡ
أ
һߺ
񻹻ŵĵۻǿȫˣЯء
һԼ̫ϳϿӺŶȻ֪ˣԹʦͽ
Ϊһ֮ӵǴйأ䲻ǵɱԾȴѲ˹ϵңҲΪѹӺŶ
ҲЩۣˡ
̾
һӡӣӵҪΪӣѾ֪Ӳ£Ŵ٣ٶ׷ʲôڴΪŶ£ҲҪΪӣŶҲǲ̫ȥ⣬һöˡ
лͼۼ̫ϳϵһŵգкҪֻҪҴܰ쵽ƴǣ
á
Ӳԣ˵ͷ
գʵǿ߽ǿʥڵıϯ䡣
ʱʥ⵽ʿˣƿϡ
ңǰϲ
أ
أ
أ
أ
˫أ
һʮ̵Ĵһһףء
ûãھڵܽгĴԵ׷׵
ʹʥ֮ʿļ£һ˴̣ھг̵ǿȺϵ¿ƹŽδУΪǰδ֮ʢ
ֻ壬£
˶¡
˶ʱط֮˫ʢȫΪ֮Ϊ죬Ϊֻ壬Ҵﵽ˵ۻʼΣһ˵սѹǿߴսʹ涼Ҫء
أ
һ
һͻأʹʥʿһ㶡
ڣʲôɣ
˵
ھ򣬳ڣƺûʲôڣһСɰɡ
Ӧˡ
صģΪھĳ̣ͨСɲɣҾ򵥡
ʥ⣬ʿۡ
ԶһһŮӲУһǿߵĽ£ʥͥȥ
Ͼƹˡ
춯ݣæӭȥ
ʦʦ

ղͬգ̫ʿǲƽǰϾƹ⡣
һĻʱʹʥʿ붯ݡ
ǿ壬ۻʼֻ壬Ȼһ˹
⡭
ֻ֡ʦ
ǡҼˣǰۻǿǰȥֻرԴֻ֮ʦһŭһսն˴ǰĹϵۻʣۻʾĴ̫壡֮˴ʶӻã񡭡ˣ
ʿʧɫ
ղŲ²⡰ΪСɡļʿʱоֻʦԷ֮أ˵ǳԷڣֻ壬ҲǴӷֲ߳ţǾ֮ΪСɣʱ򣬶ͷϲɵֱð亹̲סݺݵ˼Һ
ͬһʱ䣬ϯһڴǶݡ
ʥǰϾƹЦ㴴һ£½֪ҺΪףء
۵εʥأԶǷڵӡ
Цȴ˵ĺ档
֪
ϾƹҲЦ
ԽϾƹ
ʱ䣬طдȫվʺ
ֻ֮ʦһռ԰ۻʣһŭնɱ룬ۻʾص̫嶼ˣܲЩǾηǵǿ֮һ
أ
ɽ֮أ
ʱߺȺطٴηڡ


1276 ͥ
Զˣ¡ϾͰһˡ
ʱ䣬طһǰʿ󾪡
ʣʷ޵ĹŻʣ˵˵ֳֻ
ǿǾ
̫նһ㣡
Ĳ
ʾʮŽǿ֮һ̫նѹ£
ͬһʱ䣬˵Ŀʱϡ
ǣǡ
ǰǸǸ
ϵǸ޵дڣ
һʿļ¡
ǰֻʱ¶ۻǰᣬ£޵еʵĲֻһޱƽε־壬¡
֮һʶӻھн缸֪µĴڣȻȥôҲǣֻΪһϵ޵֮ˡ
ʱŽϾµǿߵĺЩǿߵͬʱֶ־ȡ
ǡɽˣ
˶ݡ
ɽʮĶ֮һһֱ⣬δ˼һĵӳɽһ˲κδķֻ֪һǳǿȴǲ룬¾Ȼɽˣɽǿߡ
ɽǿľŸ֮һȻܿ£
Ĳ
漴ֲĿ죬̲סľֻôʦǸ콾ΪʵֳȻʶϵɽ֮ôӲɽ˵Գɽǰء
ʵںܾˡ
Ц⣬ӭȥӭ¡ϾͰ
ϲָ磬ָ
۾
쾹Ȼˣܼܸˡ
ϾҲףأԱߣ¶ͷһֱ˵
¡
С̫˹۾ģɰϲˡ
չգС̫Ц
һЦʮʧɫ
á
Ϧ
ͼŮԼŶ΢Щ㶣ǵòԾһȣɫǸǣֻǣʱ£ȴʹǶݣΪŮӶЩĶˡ
ʴˣ´ˡ
ʵ̫ϳӭ˹
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһһʿԶ
ˣѾܶˡ
Ͼ
쳯ȥʱʥ֮⣬ʿѾۼһƬж٣гʮ
á
Ͼµͷʵλ̫ϳϽ
ʱˡ
ƫͷǰʱۼһͨʿ
ŰһˣŶҲڴУҲʥصһԱ
žۼطһʿתԣգڴ̣λΪζֻҪ޶Ҵ˻ӭǡ
ǳƽһҲȴ˺ԶƮÿһ˵Ķߡ
мһ˿˿ǷĵϣʹһʿǶʱоһˬһЩʿо˲ȬһЩƿþͻƵʿͻأͨΪϢһס
ʹʿо𺳣һˣǺεȵʵ
Щ˼̲סȲʣһʱ䣬Ⱥ˷ܡ
ʿڣ촴ʥطǳȤǳ棬һ⡣
ǰȴֻһǱǡʥ֮
ʣʥ֮ǣ
ʵ
Щ˵ڵһڴҲɵÿ죬ܾˣȴҲǻ֪ʥصš
ʱͻأһ㶣ݣһȫ£֮ǰæȣʹǷʥصš
ıȴǷǳƽʥأʥ֮ȻѾ
վʥͥǰͥ߾ɣԳɣԣԵúΰ硣ͥ϶ģһ޴ʯʣΪʯѰһǶ۷챦ģֵ˵ĺܣۻǿҲۺ졣
ʥһʿֲָɫݺᣬʥͥϵĻʯȥʯӴ󷢳ϵĴ̶ԽϿ֡
ɣ𣬲࣬ұԷ֮·ΪռԸԸΪɣɾ㣬ʴ֮Ϊͥ
һʿڡ
Ż䣬ɫͬһʱֹסʯϣϵ帡֡ͥ
֣֯֯ϣ֯ԣһ̳ΪҰġ
һʿסˣĿŻʯϵ֣Ϊ֯ۻϵĹסΪĻס
ȻǹһڴҲǶݡ
ԸΪɣɾ㡣
ʥصĵۻ̲ס˸Ϊɣɾ㣬ȡΪͥҪͥˣδɾͲ𣬳ɾ㲻𣿣
áôǣ
Ĳ
ţԢ⣬ҼҸˣ
ϾЦ
ͦá
ᣬڴʱڣѾѵˡ
һҲǷжھâ
СӣѾˣ
קצӣȻЩ
ͥ
֮ͥ⣬һʿ󣬸жǸֳ貵Ĺ
ͥ
ʥأΪͥ

̲ס
Ϊ֮ͥΪݣΪ͵ġֵͥԢݡ
Ϊɣɾ㣡
ã
ã
ã
һһʿʱǼˣֻоѪڡ
⣬ɫ⽻֯ӿӼ佻֯ԡ
䣡
ӿͥǰ۹ֻⷭͼ֣ޱߡ
һʹʿһȻǱڵһЩۻʾϱǿҲļһʵ̫ǿˣֱѹһС
ֻƣ⣬⡭
ͼѵǡ򣿣
ǿʥͼֱֱ
˸оľ
һ̣ļ£Ըоͨ巢
̫ǿˣ
ԣʱʿչʾʵ漴С̫
СһȻ֪˼ɫӿһʱ佫Ϣ۷塣
䣡
̼䣬ⷽشʥɫƵ񷶼Ⱦɫ
ͥ⣬һʿʧɫ
⣬ǣ
ͨĵѾˣ⣬
𼶲Σ
ڣľ˸̲סֱվ
ͥڣȻ𼶴ڣ
ƫͷˡ
ˣһ̲ʲôΪչԡ
ӿֳһܼֱ
󣬷һֶ֯ڹԣǿ¡
ѩҹӿһڣлӰԻڣ
Ŷǳһޱߵĵâӿ֣ɵ֡
ӢһƬ縡֣ԻһѵĴɽɽ
Ҷͯâӿ̫ۣޱ貣ܿؼ
ڹʢһ磬о˵Хʮ
ͬһʱ䣬ꡢ桢ϦƳǿʶϢ٣ˡ
ʱ֮ͥ⣬ٴδ󾪣𺧣ǰصһڴƤӾеľɫøŨ


1277 ʮɱ
⣬⡭
֮ͥ⣬һʿȫסˣֻоһ̶ھ
ۻʼֻ壬𼶵СޣУǿߣǡ
壬̫壬ħ壬壬壬̫ۣ߱Ѫԣ⼸ˣʶ⡭
ֱ
𺳡
ԹѰһ£ֻҪɳȥÿһǾ춯صľѹʮǰͥڣǿֻڣȴ壬ֱ
֮⣬̫Կ壬߱Ѫǿɿ壬ʶ֮ҲһȺ˾ۼһʹһʿ巢
ͥʵ
һڴҲסˡ
ۻʼֻޱȿ£𼶵С̫ļ£벻ȴ⣬ͥҪԱҲûһǷף壬һ̫ۺ;߱Ѫԣʶ񷨡
̫ˣѰŽʮĸͬʱôţ

˳ԱϣֱԺһУ
䣡
Ƶʶ֯ʮĲ񷶼ҡ
ƽɫ⣬ͷֻͼŵٳ顣
ͥк嫵̸ƥս֧ţԴȣɿɰ£վͥǰн֯⣬йžֱϡĺ龧龧ȣͥӦоУһף
£ƺͷӢ۵⣬⾶ֱøŨҡ

鶶̧֣Ѿ׼õĿռʥڣһžͨرԻԽ֯ԣУĵۻʼйžоŲĵۻʼͨ࣬žͨ಻ʤһ̽ƯڿС
ЩǰЩڷ⳾ĵڰʱ͵ٻĹĸã֮ǰǽ˰ðڴʱչ
ͥؾ
⡭
찡ۻʼĹžȻô࣬⡭
ʮĸôйž
ͥ⣬Ĳ
ȻǱһڴҲ𺳣ĹžԴʵ̫ˡ
ˣ
⽻֯ʱ֣йžȫͥڵһΰɵڣϷϵ壬֯صĵϡؾ
ʿֱֱĿһУ
ﬣ
ʱ̶ıص𶯰˷̼ԶյƲ㡣
̧֣֮ǰһڱ׼õĿռзųƮڿУһ˸ɭɭ⣬׼챦ʮڣʥǧǧȸʤ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮һЩ֯ɻԣĿ£ͥ
ƿͥ
ͬһʱ䣬ɨɵ౦ӦоУͥɵͥ
Ƭɳûͥ䱦ڡ
Ӣ̧֣һƬһƬ龧޾ܣͥ龧⡣
ЩȻ֮ǰǣǽֱɵͥ䱦龧⡣
⡭
׼챦ҿʮʥнǧáö࣡
ֱȻȻ
۷챦Ĵ˵еģﾹȻУңȻŲ٣
Щ龧ж٣عƣҲʮڽﰡ⡭
Ĳ˷ܡ
һڵĹž龧ȣЩʿһ񶼱ޱȳͬһͷͷļѾõĶǰ㡣
ʱ˶ͥˣͥδõǶô貣
ڵһڴȴϾƹºϾ⣬˽ļ£̲ס亹ͥ˵̣Ŀɾ
ŽδУ
䣡
ʱ̧֣һڱڷɳΪһ۷챦⼸ʱ죬Ͼƹʵһ۷챦ǿ̫ˣ챦ڿɳƻʣ
ڱ֯ɫ⣬֮ͥڣͥڵĵ
ͥĺڣ
һʿļ£ȻĿֲ
ͥԴɣ
âӿǿĲ񷶼Ϊ֮ʧɫȴѹκˡ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ٴαϢøŨ
ֻͼʶһƵ
ͥʮ
һɢǿʱ䣬ͥ⣬ʿԷڡ
ͥ
ͥ
ͥ
һʿĴ𣬲ĸоڵѪҺڡ
Ҫͥ
ҲҪ룡
ҲҪ
ʣҪʲôʸͥ
ΪͥһԱ
ʱ֮ͥ⣬˶סˣ˶ͥһЩгص׼ۼɢǿߡ
ͥǰȺڵһˣâ֯ʱڿն
һ𣬰Ҳˣա
ˣ
֮ͥڣһ䳡Ʈٿͬʱɰϡ
䳡ĶɣϿӡĵۻʼƺǿƣΪԿӡ£ǵ֧ţ䳡ƵǼޱȣԳܵۻǿߵȫһ顣
ڿն𣬰˸󣬵䳡ǰ˵ĳ̨
ͥ⣬һо۵ס
ͥˣ츳ǱܣʣֻҪΪ֮ʿֻҪ֮ģԿڣΪͥһԱ
·һʿ
˻һ֮ͥ⣬ʿһ㶣ֶ˷ܺȺ
ԹԽǿУյԽǹأֲ츳ǱʵȣǳǿͥҪȴֻô򵥣˵ǣûκҪʹЩʿޱȣˡ
ڵһڴҲȣȻǱֺҪסˡ
Ҫͥ
Ҽ룡
Ϊִֻ˸񳯣ҪΪͥһԱ
ͥ⣬һʿ󺰣ʮ
˼˷ܡ
䳡ϣۻһ䳡ϵĵƺȫų貹â⻯䳡Ե֣һ·ӵ֮ͥĵر
н֯âͥһʿ齵ٷͥڴˣ֮ʿͥߣ

һ˲䣬Ⱥ𼤷ܡ
һ̣һʿԶˣ䳡Ľɫݣ䳡ȥͬ˳ĺԪͬʱ֯
⡭
һҪûС
ֻҪƣκ˶ɼ룬桭
ڣ￴ܼʿ䳡ϳ壬ס˸
ҪΪͥһԱ
֮˳˷ͥ⣬һʿɿĳͥ䳡塣
תۣʱȥ
һ̣䳡վʿ㳬ʮ


1278 ɵ
ʮʿ䳡ϣ򣬸ж˸żĹâ
ʼôʿ룬ŽδС
д̾
մ̱ʮʿ룬ɲ٣ңм׼ۼǿߡ
䳡ϣǰ˵̨ϣ⽻֯⣬ɨʮʿ
λӭǣӭǳΪͥһԱ
дŵԡ
ͥ
ͥ
ͥ
䳡ϣһʿӦ
ЩʿʱѪڣ˫۶տտǿǰ졣
ֱȥʮƽϢʹð
ƽâɨ䳡ϵʮɱٴοڣκδжбضͥһ⡣ڣͥԱص򡣡
䳡ϣʮɱıǱɫ档
쿴Щˣâ˸罣âһͥӣֹͬУͥϳͲڶͥӣֹͨ˳֣ͥϳͲ̼ǿͬʿشȻ޶赽ͷϣãٱ
뵽ģʱֻ㣬㣬ͥӣأ
࣬쳹ʮ
䳡ϣʮɱĿⶼǱø
ͥ򣬻Щɱȴ˿κĵطϽͬУǶžͬżҪŽ᣻ֹͨ˳֣ǲҪΪ˶Ǵӷ֮·ֹǿˣ裬Ҫǲ۸СηǿȨ
֮Уʮɱͥʺ壬ʺ塣
˵۾úɫ֣أһ𿪿ڣӦ



ʮɱһһ𿪿ڣ羪Ρ
ʺΪβأԸȥأ
ã
쿴ʮɱôһ֡
ͥĵһԱʮͥӣͥݻɡ
䳡ϣȺ˷ֱòǰ
СӣˣͥΪ֮ͥ˵䱧ɡ
ʱ˵
Ļ˶ǿ졣
䳡ϣʮɱʱҲǿ죬ڵһڴǣĿʱҲϡ
΢ͣ˶ٺȫ壬ǰһ
ǰʮɱƽͣһֿͥԱͬ飬лͬ飬һڡͬͼ˲ǽƾԣ󱳽˴ˣвʱңѵʱңսʱ׷ң޾Ϊ֤ǽ㡣
һҲһҲͬһƮͥⷽ䳡
һ˲䣬䳡˶סˡ
ͬ飬ˡ
ɱ
һ̣ʮɱУͬʱֳˡͬ顱͡ˡĸ֡
ǽͥǼ򵥵ͥӣǱ˴ˣͬ飬ǼˣпΡͿ׷䡣
һĶ֣ǶƺǣС
һڴ󲻵һ˾˵ֻ
磬ĵ̫ˡ
Ͼƹ
ϾƹϴЦû˵ʲôĿͥ䳡֮ϡ
˵ã
Ͼ°һںڵ㷢䣬һľ顣
ʼպܰûκͬӻ֮߳ˣȾס
ͥ䳡ϣɱ񣬰ޱȡ
ֱֹȥȺ𼤷ܡ
ͥ
ͥ
ͥ
˴
ͥͬ飬ǼˣȻǴǵ䣬ͥ˿дǼ˷ܣж
ݹ۹ŽһгƺڵΪͬͼˣһ˻Խڵ˵ҡҡ͡׷ҡȻУš롱֣ϣ
һ̣ĸоˣͥΪ嫵ĴУȻеλĸߵͣȨĴСȴû֮͸ӣĳ˵ͥԱ䣬ǿ˶ƽȵģƽȣǵѪҺȡ
ɵۣ
ʮɱУ֪˭ô֣
ʱ䳡žһ˲
漴ҵĸɽ鱩
ɵۣ
ɵۣ
ɵۣ
ʮ
һ̣ʮɱޱȣԼ˼ͥһ̣ǵļңΪͥǿƥԴΪͥиɫˣֻΪһɫ䡣
ɵۣ쳹գ޾ԶƲ㶼ˣĻꡣ
Ŀ˸ɵۣνܺã
ģ׷ɵһһ
˴
׷ɵһһ
׷ɵһһ
׷ɵһһ
ʮɱ
ʮɱٴнɫӿ֡
ãн֯տտ⣬Ũͥӣͥ
ͥѾ׼˵ӵסȣҽ˸ַ࣬һ̣ǿĵۻʼЩϢͬʱǰͥʶ֮С
ǣ
ʮɱӦ䳡Ӷͥڵݣӿ֮ͥڡ
ܿ죬ʮɱ뵽֮ͥڣ
һ̿ʼͥʼת
ϲɵۣ
еۻʾϹŶء
һ̵˽ԿͿдžɫȷʵͥʢסˡ
лλ
ӭ
һ죬ͥһɵУϯڣȼ࣬лǰףصǡ
ֱڶգһڴǲ뿪
漴ֹȥգϾƹ뿪ͥطڡ
֮ûȥã¡ϾͰҲ뿪ͥɽȥ
ͥ嫣ɱʮ򣬽ڿʼ˵߶ȴһҲңճһнɵĽУΪͥڣ涼ǳϹŴĴ壬Ը񶼺ܳȣ˼ܣ֪ӦιһС
תۣͥٳȥһ¡
ֻͥ廹ԶԶУǻ֧Ѽ¼ĸ鱨Ͳɼ۸ԴȲС
һ죬ͥһҪԱһͥδķչ
ԣ֪
ͷ
ĸ򣬶ӦӦķ֧²Ҳ·֧£ǰò֮ϾǲŸոʥûãҪǣӦʵϤͥ³Աⴴ֧ݵ£ٹ½С

˸署ʵϤͥ³Ա֮󴴽֧ݵʱܷʵͥǰפƿء
ͬ
һ죬һ໥ֱ֣̽ҹǽ
ʱ䣬һ¡
һգͥǲһɱɽʼڵھĶĸ򴴽֧ǣÿһ򶼽һСǣҷºʵɱɽפС
Щ֧ǣΪͥռ¼鱨ϢΪͥɼԴΪͥʮӢţͥһ㣬ɵ


1279 ڰ
ھ򣬶ϱĴڽ˽֧ͥǣͥ졣
ھڣÿ£µϢͥ壬ר˴
һۣһȥ
һʱ֮ͥھÿһ䣬ڵھνһʱԽκһ
۰
ͥһڣ
һʱ䣬ͥ˵ھÿһ䣬ȴվǴʥڣ׶Ҫ̫ˣǾæĽͷö
˵ǰһֱҪһʥأһ룬ʥصĿʲô
˵Щɻˡ
һҵؼЩӡȼ򵥵бǿ塣

бССͣп漴ֿڣȷʵе
ȻеϾɵۡ
Ц

һצӡ
ؽڰ֣ϣһſǳ׺Բ¸߹ңԡ漴ǳ䣬Բ֮ʧгظ֣µһ콵١
ֵǣȥڰ򣡡
վͥϿմ
һʱ䣬ھ򣬶ĴѾ˽֧Ҳ죬һƽȽУͥһڵڰµֲͥ
ǣ
һɱɽӦѪڡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһɱɽ
ߡ
ϣ졢ơ˶ڣ쿪ڣ˺ϣɫƵ˺һɱɽɲǼʧͥϿա
ڰҰһ̣ѿâԻһ˳һƬڡ
ȥƬռصķΧСԲһΰĸɽУеףŨ
ѡһصһ䣬ͥڵڰķֲص㣬ѡ
ʼ

ǣ
һɱɽӦ붯ʼƬ޽
Ⱥɱɽвǿߣ޽ȻѣͬʱͰ˸ԶֺͿӡػɱȣʱ£⴦ֲͥɡ
ʱȥƬɽڣһţΡ룬ѾԿȵھĴȶˣڲ˷ǿƽ֯
ã

ͥ·ֲ˷ֲɳڰһ
֮Ͱ뿪һɱɽЩɱɽһ׼ۼǿߣƴ˴Ϊͥռڰ鱨Դȡ
ʱһΣɿš
תۣһȥ
䣡
ھһڣɫµϢӿ羪κ˷
ϢһĴ⴦⾭һʿļ£ͷƤ顣
ǣ
棿˭
ͨȣн޳неǿһһ˾Ȼս
Щʿļ¡
ͨǵھĽǳ£׼۶̤㣬񣬾ȻսʹЩʿ¶ȵı飬֮ɫ
䣡
䣡
䣡
𶯣ɫⷭӿһϲƶˣһͷֲڲ
ǡǣ
ͥӣ̫ۡҶͯ
ѹ֣˵˭УȻǸˣ˵һ߳ͥڶĵطÿÿǸأݵһͿ
Ⱥʿӡ
ͨڣҶͯâӿʱ̫ۣͨʥնɱ
һ̣һâ֯Ҷͯͨ
Ȼȥˣ
ͨΣյĵط׼۶˲ٰ
ǡݣ治֮ͥĵӣһа
Щʿ£ͨڿãת뿪
ϣƲŷƮԶھ
ʱŵĺܿ죬תۼ䣬ȥ
ʱͥչĺܿ죬ǿʢȺдʿ룬ͥڣɱɽѾʮ򡣶ͬһʱ䣬ڵ͵Ҳ޽֧ͥԺܺΰÿһ֧ڶ׼ǿ
ֲͥ첻ˣΪһȻȥ£ڵȥ֧ͥɽ̡
ڵ򵽵һ򣬵壬𻯵ţڶа׼ңһзںĹȣǲĸ֧ͥǶ塢𻯵š׼ҡںĹȵء
н磬ֱ塢𻯵š׼ҺͷĹΪ
ھ壬ڰ򡢵͵ֲÿһֲǿޱȣ⼸Ƭ򡭡µͥ
Ͼһۻʼֻңпǻ𼶵Ĵڣǿ塢̫ۡѪͼƿʶţ
֮£
عͥǿˣн磬¥ﶼʿͥ
һʱͥʱ
ϱʿп
ʣʮ֮ͥǿʢ˫ûһʿΪ֮η
ͱ϶ԣͥʮһ
ʱţȥͥչĸǿʮƸʢѾȶͥĳԱѾﵽʮ֮ʥǿڶࡣ
䣡
һ죬ھ𶯣һƬ۹ӿһųǡ
գ۶ѣųڣ㳬һʿҲзˣǵͬһʱըѪҺӿһ֮⳯Ųӿȥûϵһʵ۹ڵӰУС뺣
⣬ǣ
ų֮УлŵϱʿʱŲϵӰһ֮ӿ뵽Ӱڣ¡
ϵĵۻʣڼȡ˵ǣΪˡ⣬伺Ԫ
⣬⡭
Ӱ
ųУŵ˷壬־塣
һ̣ų飬ŵ˶ʵ׵ʿǳڷʲô֮棬йϵĵۻԪ㣬Ϊ˲伺Ԫʼ¾ǧ飬ȡǧϢ֮ҩԲ伺Ԫ
£ʷѾܶˣÿζҡ
Ǻڰң
Ҳ
˾ִС
ϣڵ۹Ӱ飬һƬ۹£ֳųӶݵˣЩ˵ɲǼըֱӶȡЩ˵
ųڴ˿̳̮òƲֻʣ¶ϱڲԫһƬ
ʵӰĿĮ뿪úһųϷ۹ֱѹ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըųڣֱӲʵӰ˲Ϣȥ
⣬ǡ
йϵĵ߷ڰ𣿣ҡҲҲ
Ӱ
һЩʿ֡

ھ򣬶ͥ
ͥɹƣǺӿɵз衣
һ̣ͥģɵڣչе˫ۡ
ͣ
âһţֱǰһƬա
򣡡
н֯۹⣬ȻӦڷĶңʱûаɵڣһǿɵһ˺һռѷ죬ʧͥС


1280 ɵ֮
˺뿪ֻͥɲǼ䣬ڵھӽ֯۹⡣

Ҳ

ԶһųУҽһ룬֡
һʵӰڹų֮ϣĿĮͨƵۻԣһ֮ӹų֮ڳ𣬿ûڡ

ŭ֮ǰըѪʵӰɡ
ʵӰĿ飬û˿̧֣ŹųǴâ
âǿʢųǣƺƵѹ¡
ųǲƣŵһʿɪɪȫˣ̱ڵϡ
ۻ֮һˣ˭ֵܵ
ﬣ
̶һɫԶնٶȿ쵽£նâ
Զ⽻֯ɫ⣬ؼ䡣
һʱ䣬ųڣ˶һ
ɣͥˣɡɵۣ
˲
ʱأ֮ͥѾʮΪͥˣнȻ˹֪ʵϣ촴֮ͥǰԶн˲֪
ɵ۴ˣȾǣ
ųУŵһȺ󿪿ڣȣڹݡ
쿴ųڣųռطΧСʮˣųȴķѣѪͲйǣԹƣѾʮ޹
ɨһݺȵʿ̧ͷĿڶĵӰϡ
ʵӰ죬΢΢һȻ֪ڣɡ
ﬣ
ƵɫâգʵӰĻֱĳʵӰնȥ
ʵӰʵǿӰٱܿһ
ɫâԶһɽ䣬ֱӽɽķ飬ɳ
ʵӰĿɵۣ㾮ˮˮǺ⣿
˵ء
̧֣ɫâ۳ɽɫ񽣣ŶԷȥ
ʵӰĿøЩ޹ϵΪЩ޹ϵˣǰֹ£δܵе̫˰ɣʲô˼
ɫ
㽲ɵ֮ƽڰҡŽɫ񽣣ƽһʵӰȥʵ㽲ҿ㲻˳ۡ
ֻΪ˺ɵԼˣǣܼķΧڣǿԻȻɡҪǣԱ˵ȫԼΪӹе
ֻΪ˲伺һԪʮ޹ɴȻЩûһϵҲһ˿ŭ
ﬣ
̶ɫâգֱնʵӰ
һǳǿӴĵֱӱʵӰ۹⣬¶һɿӰѰݣͬһ߸ʬ㣬ģˡ
⣬ǡյ̣
ųУʿ
ųϿգĿⲻ䡣
յͣǰǴκڰңҲ㡣
˵
Щͥ緢չΪ֮ͥԵϤʮʷԣɱĿ޵ʷϵżȻҲϳǰɿӰ͵߾а۵һ㣬Ҳޱƽ𾳣ǰҲڰңԲԼԪ֪ж޹С
ŶԷеĽɫ۽ɢĽƣ·նһС
ɵۣҪ뱾ΪУ
յĿ⡣
̧֣شһɫ⣬ֱӸա
ΪУҲ䣿
Į
콣âһԻͬһֱ꣬յС
Ƚޱͬһ꽵٣ֲǳ
յĿ⣬Ƭâ֯ɱһƬƬ⣬ʮռ䶼̡
Щ죬յ̺ǿ󣬱ȵ߾а۵ǿ౶ƺһֻѾڡ
ɵۣȻΪۻʼֻ壬Ҳ̫ΪǣǱĶ֡յȰʹ˰֣ûպ෸
鲻䣬һԷǰĺڰңϽգж޹У⣬ǲ壬붼롣
յ̵񳹵ˣһֻ嵽жǿ
һɢֲϢɽ
Ϣһʹʮռ鿪·ĹųǸǾҡΣرϳһѺۣпֲϢѹһ壬ʹùųлŵһʿ־壬ĵѹ£Ǹֵס
쿴յֳ̣£ųдһƬâ̼佫ųסʹþҡεĹųһ˲Ǳƽ
ʹùųһʿһɣ漴мųϿյ졣
ллɵ۴ˣ
˲л
âƣнɫһֱӳյնȥ
һմѣһⱻն˳
յ̷ǳǿȻǸɿݣͨȴͨ˫ζһ⣬ȴǱĵŵŵɺˡ
Ȱ㣬ѹżʵǰûбʵʸ񡣡
˵
ԹԪ޶ϵۻʶرѹӻԪţǰյȻҲ⣬ܹӦĵԷзӡڡ
յܱ䣬һ̣ĵâʼǣȻҲǳѹż£Բܵסۻʼֻ壬Ƿǳʵ
䣡
ⷭӿʡ
ֻգۼѣյϵϢǿʢʮš
΢΢˫ۣ˺ֻ΢΢һС벽ˡ
ɵۣڣ⿪ѹķӡԪҪۣ
յ̵
¡¡ģһ̣⿪ڵķӡǡ
ܷҸۣԿ
ƽ
յһ̺ǿֻС벽ܿΣվûпȥ
ûдﵽǸΣ˿ѹ
յߣһּ䣬۹ӿ֣ɱâѹȥ
ȵ۹ܿ£һƬƬ飬һ֣â纣˷
µɱƣ׻ۻʾǿߣ
ƽнɫ۽նâøǿ֯죬Ƶʮ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
໥֯ѵء
յ֯⣺ֻ壡һ̣Ѿ׽⿪˷ӡص۷״̬ĹҲޱȿֲǣȴûܹκ졣
ƽϣɫ۽նһС
յ̵ʵܿ£ܣӭϡ
߼ҽ棬תۼײٸغϡ
飡
۹أյ̱ɨɳȥѪֱӱˡ
յסΣ޸дžŭŵĿ졣ʱѾ⿪ӡΪָ۷壬ۻʾжһ㣬ȴǵסۻ죬תۼ㱻ߵ
㲻ҪҸ𡣡
ƽŽɫ۽ƽĳյ
һֹ̣סŲ
Ƭвյ̵ǿԼ䣬ĲҽС


1281 ƽڰ
ھ뱱ľǳңԶԵۻʼʵҪڸ֪һЩϢ¡Ͼۻʣǿ
ңλãеâ֯
䣡
䣡
һ̣ͶҲǿӿھĲ񷶼ڻζ
еâŨϢҲǿͶҲвҽڻص
յɨϱƬʱȻҲ֪⼸Ƭı仯
ɵ֮ƽڰңͬʱĴ֣߳ÿһȱƽ£
Ц
£µĵۻʼϢ֯Ǽǿңڵڰ
󣬵򡢵򡢵͵еӿ֣ÿһǳǿᣬʹʮ𶯡
ڵھ򣬵ǿĵۻʼʵȴʹԸ֪һС
н֯ƹ⣬һֱ²ģ俴һϵۻոֲҽлصʮ
ǺڰңֻҪһϵۻʼԪǻԪĹϵۻһ֣ڰѹ顣
ʮͨԣһѡ
յɨ²򣬿죬ۻ֮½ϣɵۣȰ㻹ǰ֣ĪҪΪһȺɵУûʲ
죡
쿪ڣյ̵Ļ
һϵĵۻѹʼתۼ嵽һޱ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ܷƽ£ڵ￴䣺գնȫ
Ż£ϵĵøǿֱӽֻͼͼա
յ̵ɫоͼĿֲ㡭

ֻͼֱѹ¡
һ̣û˿ԵۻΪ߶򣬽յ֡
Ż
յ̴𣬳ǿͨӭϣͬʱۻʼĵһ
Ȼֻͼ̫ǿˣŻʹס
͵һͨ뱻ʥֻͼƺƵѹ¡
ɵۣס֣֣
С
ɫĮȻ飬ȫ߶ѹ¡
۵һѪը̵ֻͼѹ
áǿֻһͣ͡
ųУһʿ𺳡
֪ǿ֪һǷսʱĿһĨɱޱƽ𾳵̣ЩʿɳԾɺȻ
Щʿعдΰݡ
лɵ۴ˣ
뿪ڡ
һ̣Щдĳ羴
ϵĵۻʷڰң鲹Ԫ֮ͥɵۣǣ
ҵȱΪɵ۴
˼˵
ˣжŹ
ųϿգңƹ⽻֯۱ø財
ۻʵΪʩչ˫ۣʹڵƹŨϵҲٴͬһڳŶ̫Żɽһֱ緢
ѹ£
һǰֱ鿪һѷ죬һ̣ѷУڱһԭϡ


ӣӰ
ԭʿ࣬һھԭϣѪˮȾһƬƬر
ϣһڹеӰڳ֣Ψһ˫ӿļâʮһƬһƬʿǵ֮ǿжȡȥ

ҽһʿ־塣
Ŀ䣬ɫ콣âննһС
͵һڹеĵӰɨĵâ飬նˡ
һʱ䣬ԭϣʿһ
ɡͥɵۣ
ɵ۴ˣǰ
Щʿȡ
ԶտٶȺܿ죬Ӱ죬ڹеĵӰȥ
Ӱһɵۣʱƺ޹أ
ĶȻֹ̫ˡ
ĿĮֱӿ˹ȥ
ﬣ
ɫݺᣬնأնˡ
ʵǿ󣬷ǳףһ⣺ɵۣԹ㲻Ҫ̫ܵˣ
Ϊ۲ʣ
Į
н֯ƻƹŨֻһǰ
˱ɫ۾ٶ㡭
ˣ
ֻӳݻֱӡؿڣڡ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻͼ䣬ƵѹµϢס

˴Уգۼ䱻ɱ
ˣ
֮ͥȻӶǣ
⣬⡭
ԭϣһʿ˸󣬶¶мͳ羴ı顣
лɵ۴ˣ
˲ţŲϵд
ûж˵ʲôƹ⽻֯˫Ŀ䣬ƿգһ̳
򣬲Ͻ֯ѪâйϵѪɷոⷽ򣬿һƬƬȾѪĵ棬һʿϽԴž֡
ǿĵۻʷڰңۻ֮˭ֵܵЩʿֻܿ־
ﬣ
ɫâգնֱӱ򷢶ڰҵѪɷߡ
ɵۣʲô˼
˺
ɱѡ

ӶеĽɫ۽ֱӳնȥͬʱֻͼҲһ
ֱӱȫ
䣡
ֻͼƵʮϵĵۻѹ£۵һķ顣

ۣĿɨձ飬һǿУ
գղǡ
ֻ壬֮ͥɵۣ
ɵۣ߳ͥǵģ
طһʿۼնѪɷߣһ
ʱѾڶҵڶոˡ
һɸߵĵۻʣˣʵյ̻Ҫǿϲ١
£ʮһղ֮ⱻ׶ȡȥ
ѰʱۿһеӤĸһըʹ
˵
ҧ
һֻͼֱ۶ʮһѹ
ǡ
ɡ֮ͥ
֮ͥȻˣ
Ƭ򣬾еʿһ񷡣
䣡
ϣֻͼѹһѹʮ
ɸߵĹϵۻֱӱɫӭŴֻͼֱӸоѹ
ɵۣʲô⡭

ֻͼƺƵ£һУɵۻķ顣

ƹŨûлͥ²򣬽ģĿ²һ棬ۺգո޹ѪˮĽ

鿪ӵھŵڰȥ
ҪԼЩΪۣ˷ڰңԲ伺ԪȻ޶ãҪǿƽⳡڰңѹзڰҵĲбۻʡ
ֻһ˲ѣڵڰһƬųȺϿա
н֯ŨѪζйϵۻڳ֣ոųе
ҽͺ쳹ųȺÿһ䡣
ųϵĵۻʣڵۻ֮УĿ䣬Į顣
ߵûһĻֻͼʥĹâְ˻ġ


1282 ΰ
ֻͼ⽻֯һʱ串ãã񷣬ڰƬųȺϿյĹϵۻʸУƺƵ¡
ųϿգոĵۻǿ߶ʱɫٺˣɵۣ㡭
䣡
ֻͼǿʥ̫ǿˣһʱϵۻʵ·
ۣ
ѪˮĽֻͼѹ£ϵĵۻʸֵסһʱ
ɨӵڰƹ貣ƺܹؼһУڵڰһѰһϵۻʣֱֻͼɱ
ǣֻ֣塭
ھͥˣ
֮ͥɵۣԵھ£ڡƽڰң
̫̫ˣ
ɵۣ
ʿ
һ죬ڰǰն鲹ԪĹϵۻʡ
ɵۣ
ɵۣ
ɵۣ
Ƭʿնɱڰҵĵۻʣһ̲ס
н֯ƹ⣬նڵڰڻҵĲбۻʣֱƿϳڵ򣬿ԽնУոĵնɱ¡
͵Ⱥնĸĵۻʡ
Щۻʶǿǣǿ֮Ǿ޵еĴڣֻϵ˿овʵԵھ£ƽⳡڰңͬһ콣ڰҵһڵۻʸס
ɵۣ
ллɵ۴ˣ
ϵɵۣҵһΪƣ
һʿק˫֡
ڰޱȿ£ǹϵĵոǿƳ֣Եھһ·ɱ£նһڰҵĲбۻʣʹЩޱȸм˷ģ֮ҪΪƳ
⽻֯ٶȿ쵽㣬Уתۼǿ
֮ûãҵƬҵĲбۻʣֱն콣
ڵۻʵ죬ǿֻ壬콣âһնɱۻǿߣǵƣš
ɵۣ̫ˣ
ƬڰҵĹϵۻŭոԪ;бֹµɱƣǱӶݡ
һĻʿ˶ľͬʱҲޱȵļ
ڰҵĿµۻʣǰһ̻ȴǱ׷ɱ
ɵۣ
̵ͥھѾȥأ֮ͥʮͥ˵ɵ֮ȻҲ֮һʮ񣬼֣ڰң׷ɱڰҵĲбۻʣЩʿǼǾϲǳ羴
죬ھˮ֮У
ͬһʱ䣬ƬڣԹΪѹ塢Ѫ塢ӰʯȴĲǸˣѾǿ˵ز

ĲҽлصգӶݵĹϵۻվûѣֻͼɱ
н֯⣬齵٣ǿĵƵֱ˺գƥֶǿнڵҵĵۻʸңԶץ
ɵۣ㡭
ۻʶǴڵۻʰ죬һ̱ңԶľ룬ѷץһ
ΪߣҪеߵǣ̫ʧˣ
Į
꣬ۻΪ˻ʮ鲻⳾ڤ֮꣬ӡס⳾ͨߵͨԹ޻ڡΪһ˽Ϊ˲伺һԪֱӴɱ¾޾ԳȫԱȣòп˵Ŀޱ
ˣ
ֻͼʥĹâʮۻС
ԵۻΪǵɱƵ̫ˣѹһС
ɵۣסס֣
ҵ֪̰֣
ۻɿݣʱУоֻͼĿ£޷⡣
飺ñɱ޹ҾͷŹǡ
ϵۻһ㡭
Щ飬ѾˣͱԴԱɣôܻ
ĿĮֻͼֱѹ¡

ҽд˸סֻͼֱͼը
򣬳
ھ򡢵ڰ򡢵򡢵򡢵͵зڰϵۻʣڶ̶ʱ䱻ȫնɱ
ⳡڰңʹƽϢ
ƹ⽻֯ĽɫⱩǣǿֻƵͬһĹŻɽǿϯһ򵽵ھ
һ죬˭ٷڰңɱ
ڵ򿪿ڣǿĵۻӿһϣһ򵽵ھþƬĲ񷶼
Ƭһʿ𶯣֮ͥɵ۷ھԪϵۻʣžκιϵۻзڰҵ뷨
ǵ򵽵ھһξݺڰҵˣһӼдŨŨľâǳ羴Ǹм
ɵۣ
ɵۣ
ɵۣ
ʿɵô
һƽڰңڰҵϵۻʣڻ顣
Ǵ£󹦵£
ɵۣ
Ƭ䣬һЩԪĹϵۻûв뵽ⳡڰʱ΢ɫɱ⡣
ЩۻԪ䲻࣬ɿݻкܾã뷨ѾȷҪδͨոԪΪȷȷʵǳЧ촫棬ֱӷδ˷Ԫ·ΪǸҶֱ֣ɱţǣԶһۻʼֻ塣

۹㣬۱պϣһ˺գС
һ̣عھͥ
ɵ۴ˣ
ͥ⣬һɱɽܼ
ϵĵۻǷڰңͥ˶һƽϢⳡڰʱնзڰҵĹϵۻʣһ׳١
ΪͥӣΪ˸о
ûһ˿ӣЩͥӵͷͥ½ɵ
֮ǰڱչĳЩо˷ڰңǳڰƽ»صɵڣҪ¿ʼ򷨣
ˣ
̫ľתɫâ֯ɵȴǺº͡
ڲԼĴҲڲ󷨵
ɫɵڣϢ飬뷨ʶн֯š
ͻȻ΢ͻȻоӿɵ
˫ۣɵͥڣӡµĵɱƣȻϢܳУҵϵĵɱƾȻȫûзӦ
ƹ⽻ۣ֯漴ʱ΢ֻһɫâӵ˷ӿºͶ󣬾ֱԱߣͬˮһ㣬⵴һ̣Щɫâֱûڣ̼еÿһ䣬ͬ⣬ɿǣͱԴ
ֻһ˲ѣľΪһء
ǣ
ֱӶݡ


1283 ۻ
쾪ȣɫâϢ͸ڵĵɱƣĵкȻ˲ʹľǣΪɲһأʵЩˡ
ˣ
ڣ̫ľתٶȱ죬ɫ֮ǰŨࡣ
Ǵ£ʱȴû˿⣬æǿĵۻʼɨЩɫâ֣Щâû˿Σԣֻ洦
ʹ¶֮ɫȴ洦Ĵɫâôġ
ۣ΢Σһ̳ɵ⣬ɵɸߵĲ֮ϣ󿴵ڵЩɫâӵһӿڡиȹâͥԵھϱĴд漸ӿ
Щâͥ䣬Ŵ֮Ϣˣͥһڵȴûκ˷֣ǣȹâֱӴһɽǰƮɶԷȴ۾δգһ£Ȼȫûȶûо
ʹɻȶֻۿԿֻܿ
ɻűպۣ֣ɿԿüͥеȴûκβ
޹أֻܿĵȶüɻ󣺡ʲô
ٴۣһ˳еһƬɫâңңȥĿ䵽޾֮⣬һȹâǴһʿڳ
⡭
¶ݣ˳ɫâȥĿ޾Զ֣ÿһɫâһʿڳ໥ۣ޾嵽ߣȻҲ޷ȹââ²
ӣ֣ɫâЩʿⳡڰоµˣʱΪ
ԾȹâѵΪЩʿθм
Щˣ貣ǿͫңӣͬһʱ䳤ʱۿٸʿ֣ȴɫâЩڳЩ˵ľȴû˿ͣûκģƽʱ״̬һģһ
ңЩ˱Ҳȹâû˿ȫоȹâĴڡ
⾿ô£
ɻ
һɫâԶֻܿߣӿڡ
̫ľ֮תĽɫâҲԽԽŨ
üͥϿ۹ȴɫâʿֱȷȹâЩʿӰ죬»صɵ֮ڡ
صɵڣȴɫâ֮Ҳһ۵ɵС
ЩɫâѾȷȹâ޺ȹâΪԴͷЩʿҲʱ˶٣ֱת̫ľʼȹâǿ̫ľʹ֮ɢڵÿһȥ
ʱһĽâֱӱǣΪ
ˣ
ɫâϴӵǳºͣǳͬʱַǳǿת̫ľɺ󣬸ӿٵĳڣٵѪ⡣
ֻգ۶ѣľǿͱԴǿһΪӵۻسڿۻжΣû˿ͣµƣڳϵС
ʹ𺳣н֯һâ
һת̫ľһԼƽĵȥȴ׹âͬʱʼϸϸ̽ȰɫâʵʣɵöݣһϤУȴɫâ뵱֮ɹͼԸǳơ
ȻƣȴվͬȹâʱͼԸ
ʲô
ɻ
ȷԲͼԸǵȶȴȷ⾿ʲô
룬ʼղǺףղȥ룬ʼȹâ
ˣ
̫ľתĽɫâøŨңܡ
ģɢϢԽԽǿ
ˣһۣչȥ
һ죬һǿӿϥڣĵøŨ
ǿʢǳ
ۻ죡
˫ۣУâһš
ΪۻأоԼǸǿˣڵͬǺʣսڵۻʱǿһأͬն
ʱԵ⣬ɻдɫâȴࡣ
ٴν̫ľתЩâȹ̵ۻΪ
ֱֹ֮ȥգȹâʧ
˼ȹâԵɺͽʧԵɣģĵóôһ㣬²⵱Щʿڶĸм羴ʱƣȸм羴ñһʼһ̶Ⱥ󣬱ûȹâ
ɡ
ȥ롣
һϥɵڣɫâ֯
ʱһΣתһȥ
һ죬һɫͥҶͯأصͥ
ʱΪﵽ죬Ϣǿ࣬Ҳ࣬ϵȴûȥ١
ӣ
ͥһڵ
Ҷͯͥڵһк֮ͥС
ɵڣȻоҶͯĻع飬ʱɵ߳
ʦ
Ҷͯһ¾˹ȥ
ЦǸоĵҶͯǿ˲١
Сһ
˵
ص֮ͥڣеİȫѡ
һǰͥȶͥڵ£ǶȥͰ˶ٹȥڸԱչͻƵ߲Ρ
Ӱ벽ۻʵ׼ۣʵ̫ˣ

һʱ䣬һֱڿޣȴԭϲûܹԶʼջǴڰ벽ۻʲΡ
ҪΪǳѡ

Ϊ壬츳ܾˣչһΪҲֻǴسڴﵽжζѡ
ѲѵģȻˣͲ̸ϵ£ȾƳ
Ƶ
͸ˡ
Ц
Ϧ˺ŶҲһ𻽳ͥһƬСڻۡ
ʱһ꣬Ϧ˵ΪҲûʲô仯Ͼ̫ˡ
ôΪǿˣ
ɵĿ졣
壬ҲʲôǿѪ츳ȴ壬ǳǿʱı仯
࣬ﵽۻˡ
Цŵ
ʱһ˵ۣŶ⡣
̬

ڰ벽ۻʾչһ粽δ쵹ãֱӴӵۻ絽˵ۻ졣
࣡

Цһ˳ġ
ܿ죬һʱתۼš
Ѿչһʱ䣬ʱûۺ󣬺Ϧ˴һֱֹȥº󣬲ٴνɵչأͻƵȥ
ˣ
â֯У
תۼ䣬һȥ
һһ죬ɵڣͻȻ΢˫ۡ
ڸղţĳһĹؼʱ̣Ժоǲֳ⳾Ļ档


1284 ʮһǿ
˫ۣüŷ⳾ĻͻأԺУһɲĸо
⳾򡣡
н֯һƾâ
ᵽ⳾˲뵽֡ڤ塣
ô£
ü
ڱչز򷨵ʱԺͻأֳ⳾Ļ棬ʹһɲⲻò⡣
ü룬⳾ڤв˵ܲŶԣһͨߵͨ޾ǰͱӡˣǱߵǿҲ޷ƿһ崦ڿеĹ·ҲѾٵһ嵱޷Ǳ߹Ŷԣܶв
ǣΪʲôԺлͻȻֻ棿
ɵڣ˼ȴʼ벻ʲô
Ŷ

Ϊﵽȸ߶ȣʱͨԺͻأֳ⳾Ļ棬Բô򵥵¡벻£׼Ŷһ
ֱ߳ɵ
úͥ
ΪӺŶʦͽͥҪɲ֡
Ŷͼһ𡣡
ڣֻӾУ֪Ŷͼһ
õǰ
˵
뿪󣬲úͥһԺڡ
ԺͦΣɲݱ鲼۶ɵɵڷ裬ɾ
ΪϦͼǿٵľס
ԺʱÿŮԺеһͤڣвƮڿС
ף磬
ϦżȻƫͷ죬¶ı飬¶ϲɫ
ΪﵽۻʾÿһαչضܾãǺֳġ

Цǰȥ
չһ꣬ͤڣͼŮá
ֱȥʱֿڣŶŶ鷳㡣
򵥣Ŷ˷ҽ⳾ڤһ
ھ򣬻һƬռ䣿һڤ壿
ŮӶȣǻǵһ˵⳾ڤ塣
ĻǶסˡ
ֱȥʮǲƽ
Ŷڣһԡ
䣬߳ͤվԺģ֮ʱʩչṩϢʼݡ
ˣ
ʩչ֮գۼ䣬ƬռڸֳһƬƬ֮⣬Щ֮ӿͬػһ㻷Ƶߣ֯һϢ
Ŷ׽壬һ޾âӿֶ
п
ǰ
ͷ
壬ųƴ׽ȷʵܾˡ

ͻȻһһ˿֡
̧ͷ΢΢üŶ㵽ʲôΪ壬ʱʩչȻҲһ˿˿֡
ɫӿŲϸһ˿˿ʱ׼֡
ˣ
ŶվԺڣ鲻䣬һ񾵴Ʈ
񾵹ⰻȻ֯һ䣬ʼһ֣ƬؼиĵâӿŶûУâŨ
񾵡
лһĨâ
ٴο񷣬֮ǰֳһ˿˿Ϣɢȥ
ʼµ񾵡
е񾵣ܲ
ԺڣŶĬĬݣֱȥӷͣ
ô
ǰʵ
̫áŶƽռͣʱɫȴЩأڤ壬ӷ⳾ɱǧǿʮһˣ׼һͳʮȻ󡭡죬һ˲ڣָѹֻ塣
ʲô
ǿߣȻʮһˣ
Ը֣
Ϧ˽ԾڤҪӷ⳾ɱʮһǿɱ룿Ҫǣڴ⣿
üĲйȻǿѨ磬ڤ徹ȻҪӷ⳾ɱһҪһͳʮңһָѹȻǵڤһʱڤǸ𿴳ֻ壬ҪȡֻرԴ
ңҲΪһνɱݶȻʮһǿ죬ˣʮһǿ߰һǸǺεȵĿ£
֪ڤǿҲ֪һ𼶴ڣȴû뵽ô࣡
ͬʱھ֮࣬һɻ⳾ͨߵĵ·ѱӡڿе·Ҳٵˣôܻܳѵ˵˱ӡ·͵ڵ·һ廹ҵͨ
üͷ˶٣ŶʵŶûʲô°ɣ
֮ǰŶʱһ˿죬룬ʱŶȻͬʱʮһǿߣȻΪ壬ҲǳΣաȻʱԻ󣬲ϵʧˣɲЩġ
ʼµ񾵻壬ûµġŶҡͷֿڣǴ»һӷ⳾ɱλ򡣡Ϊ壬ƿһʼµݳණ
ʱɫǳ֣أ֪ڤɱζʲôߵĵһ򵽵ھ޾һѣǾĪвΪһָץ죬ȻȡֻرԴ
ã֪ˣ
ͷ
ͼŮӽ̸Щڤ£漴뿪߳ⷽԺӡ
뿪ԺӺͥһƬڣֱʩչС̫ȫԱչлѽ漴ڤ彫ɱ¸֪
ʲô
ľΪ⳾ڤĴڶȣΪڤǿڤ弴ɱһ߶Ծ
ʮһǿߣ
ĬԵ棬ʱסˡ
ʮһǿߣʲô
ţ
⡭
Ӣ۵ɴۡ
ȻҲΪ³Ծͬʱɻ󣺡ԭӷ⳾ͨߵͨںܾǰͱӡȥ⳾ʱһܿе·Ҳ׵Ļٵˣһôɱ
ʵЩԾ
ӦǻѰ·Ŷģд

ʹ˶ɫÿޱȳء
ڤ彫ɱǧʮһǿ죬̫¡
̫ģ»һʱ䣬һɱһʱǰ׼⣬ŶڣǿʱսϵȻ

¸֪ˣһ̽һʱ䣬漴ֱֿ˺ϣһ򣬳ڷɽ£ŷʯ̨׵š
ڤ彫ɱ룬ʮһǿ죬ĺܿ£ҪϾƹһΪϾƹҲǴ𾳲ΣңԲͨ𼶣ΪС̫ʱϾƹӡɱҲ׾ٵѹСһ
磿һǰ뿪ˣȥҲ
ϣ첻ѰϾƹ̫ϳô˵
⡭
ü
ϾƹȻһǰ뿪˷ڣ̫ϳ϶֪ȥ


1285 ɵӭս
ϾƹȻһǰ뿪˷ڣ̫ϳҲ֪ȥЩʼδ
ʲô𣿡
̫ϳʵ
Ҫ¡
ͷ
û򵥽ڤºͷ̫ϳϵһ̫ϳø׼Ա⵽ʱ·ͻȻ֪롣
Ͼڤ彫Ҫɱһºء
⡭
̫ϳ϶ݣȻ
⳾ڤ壬ʮһǿߣͨʿԣʵںܾˡ
գ̫ϳϸǣ뿪ڡ
뿪ںȺȥĹȡ׼ҡ𻯵źȵأ¸֪ĸ߲㣬漴»ص졣
ˣ
˺ѷ죬һ̳ڶһɾɽ䣬Ȼɽ
¸֪ⷽߵɽºϾ顣
ⷽΡɽ֮۽֯ŵɲݱأλһСԺӣʱƳΧһֲɣ⡣
Ժ￴ϾСֱӱ㽫µ˳
ڤҪɱʮһǿ죿Ȼ£ϾüٵڿеĹ·ҵµͨͨߵ磿
£ɲС
ͥоͨ壬ģݵó˵ܣЩɻ󣺡أ
ܣûпµӰ
ʦڱչء
˵
춯ݣչأöã
ɣ⣬αչضºҪڼڣԲܴš
Ͼ
⡭
ü
¿֪ʿǿһȴǴҪıչڼ䣬Ҫķʱ䣬Ҳ˵ڤɱʱ½ܳ֡
ЩԣϾƹǿȴǺ뿪˷ڣ֪ɲ⣬ƺܣȴǴڱչصҪ׶Ρ
ô޵ս񶼲ָˡ
ϾҺһȥԸһκ͵ڶεˣ̫
ԣ΢΢һԸһκڶεˣ̫
СϣѵѾ
Щ죬ϾҲ˵Ȼ𾳸߶ˣ
Ͼ鿴ȥʮһ꣬ľ飬䣬ѹ
ʱݣڶΣ
ϾͷҲһȥӡͲټ״ž񣬵ۻ֮û˵סսǳɹۡ
ͷӡӡȷʵټɲɽ֮Խ̵УȻܻǿ
üڱչأǶ뿪һɽ
ϾԣεıչطǳҪӦһػŶԡ
ɽ鲼ƣû½ⷽ˭ҲŲ±չأǿҲ⡣
Ͼ
춯ݣ֯ɽеƾȻôǿ߶
ˣ߰ɡϾЦĵ˵겻Сˣȥһ
죬һı顣
ʱգ
ϾЦĸˣ߰ɡ
ڤɱ߻һʱ䣬Ǿһ뿪ûȥʵϾʵˣڤ彫ҪɱºأûʵһЩǿʵǿý׼
á
ͷ
ɽϾ֪¾Ǹλñչء
ĬĬ˾䡰һ˳漴ϾͰ뿪߳ɽ
Ȼʵȥͥ
ɽ⣬Ͼ˵
á
ͷ
Ͼֱ𣬼ϾӰʧҰк󣬲ǴŰԶȥ
ʱûֱӻͥط
ָ磬ߵķ򣬺ȥͥ
Ȼ㣬Щ
ͷȥ̡
˺ѿգŰУúһƬɽȺ⡣
ȥɽȺڵƬձŨ֯С
طƬĶ֮һʥص֮ء
Űɽʥ⣬ʱһʥļӴ󾪣æӭǰ
ɵ۴ˣ
һд
ǵۻʼֻ壬֮ͥһƽڰңҲ
ǵ棬鷳ͨ

ʥ⼸ͷһ˷ɿĳʥڡ
֮ûȥãһһڴӭ˳
ɵԣ
Ц
죬˴ǳԶȴǷǳ
Ϊǿ
ʿǿʵһС
֪ɵ£
һ̫ϳʵ
Ҫ̡

ôһ˵Ȼͼۻʼ̫ϳ·Ͱ뵽ʥһ鲼ƵصС
ء

ͷûڤ彫ɱʮһǿ¸֪һļۼǿߡȻ֪½һδϸ˵
ʲô
һ壬Ҫɱˣʮһǿ죿
Ƭռͨ߿ռͨǱӡ𣿣
˽Դ󾪡
ʥΪʮĶ֮һһĵۻʼȻ֪⳾ڤĴڣʱϢ¶ɫ
ңҲ˵ĻϾһۻʣǵۻʼֻ壬ͥˣܻĻƭǣȫû塣
⡭
һüͷ
ڤɱϻһʱ䣬λø׼
˻عɫޱأкüͷ϶Ǳ鲼ƣʵڤʵ̫ˣʮһǿһѹֻͺˡ
⼸æл֪ˡڤ彫һɱ硱ºǰ棬ǰ׼˵Ǵ
Ϊڤߺ󣬱ضѪʮʥΪ֮һ˵׵壬֪ºǿһ¸ӦԴʩ͵ۻɱ̨ȣʱڤɱǲΪ·ͻȻ˷磬̶ϵı֤ʥصİȫ
лɵۣлл

лҡͷ֪λ£ϣλǰӦԣ̶ȱ֤ʥذȣͬʱϣλ뵽ʥ飬뵽Ƭʱ򣬵ڤɱϣλڱ֤ʥذȵͬʱɱУʵһɢͬͲ߱սͨˣƬǵɽӵǺڤط⳾ȥ
ʥؼۻʼԣһ΢΢Щ˸
ɵᣬȴϵϵɽʵĴ壬Ϸп漴ͷ֤ɵ۷ģʱʥؾ˿ɵӭս


1286 ͥʢ
ͷóĳŵǷġ
ôȸǡ
ȸ
һļ̫ϳͣ͵ʥ֮⡣
ɵߡ
˵
ͷŰ뿪ʥɽȺ漴˺Զȥ
û̻ͥȺȥ˵ھĴһڴţ֪ڤ弴һ֮ɱϢôƬһڴ׼ϣЩһսϾڤһɱʿ̫ˣʵձ鶼Խ˳ӭսԽá
˺ϣȥ漸򣬽¸֪漸һЩǿЩҲӭս׼
Ϊڤ嵱ɱһΣڱضйʷأߵĵһ򵽵ھַǳ˽⣬һɱ֮ʱܻ׼̨ȶʱп̨ܻǿߣֱӴӵھ漸ڣͬʱչɱ¾ⲻò
лɵ棡ָм
һ֮󣬱ɵ۴ӭս
ɵ۴ģǿɱϵھ򣬵ڤɱҵȱضάƬɽӲҲǵĽػ
׷׳Ըмͳŵ
ֱ֮췽»صͥȫ˳
ͥڵӣ۵䳡

ͥϿո䳡ȵһ˰ÿһͬʱɰʿǰԴ죬ΪͥԽԽ࣬һ䳡Ѿ
䳡Ǳ鲼ŵӡһ̽֯ԣͥڴһ̨ףµͥӽ̨׶ϣռռϵĵֱգϾ䳡ɵվ䳡֮ϡ
ȥа
ĵӣȹģԽʮʷκһ̺ʹУ
վм䳡ϣɨӰͥӣûʲôԥڤ彫һɱƬ¸֪ҽڤʵ֪ʮһ졣
׷ɵ۴һս
ͥȣÿһǱ£ûκоȺη顣
˸֮ǰڤ弴ɱ¸֪һڴʱЩĴﶼ¶𾪺ͳƣǵۻʼﶼ⡣񣬵¸֪һڵͥӣЩͥȴûа㾪ȣûκһ˴гƺη飬ÿһ˶ɫ£ͷͦء
˵ЩͥǣܴƽһС
ܺã
ͥӣΪǵ
⽻֯ɫâһΣ龧УƬ龧ȫ˳֯Ũԣ嫵ھ䳡֮ϡ
һĴսϣǾɱУɽ飬ϣǶܻһڵӣͨɾµĵӣȡ龧У䳡龧ͻƵͨɾȥͨ٣ǰǵ
ͥʮ龧ĿǳӴ󣬵ǶԺǿ߶ԣ֮ȴѾ𲻵̫ã٣ԶԶ޷ͻƵۻʾȥ
ʮڵ龧Ϊͨ׼ʱЩ龧ȫȡͥһУֻΪǿͨͥӵʵͥٶﵽͨɾȥΪĵһڤɱ룬սضңϣǸʱͥÿһӶ㹻ʵӭսɱУң
ЩͥӣпֲĴһƬɱʱû¶һ˿һȺһ˿һľ⣬ǣֵô
䳡ϣһͥӽԶݣ¶ʮڵ龧ǵһȫȡ˳ֻ֮ǿǵʵΪһ㹻ʵӭУΪܹһĴսлǸж
лɵ۴ˣ
һڵӸߺȡ
âƣӴĵۻʼɨ䳡ˣ֪̽һͥӵΪ㹻龧ͬʱҲ˽ΪﵽͨɾͥӣǶ㹻ͻƵͨɾڵ龧
ʼ
ȵ
ǣ
һͨɾµͥӦ
һ죬ͥ䳡ϣͥ龧ϢԷɿ
ûйȥã֮ͥϱ֯еͨɾͨɴ١֣֮µͨɾ
ˣĵϣÿͷϵõܵ

⽻֯۹⣬Ƶһϲ񷣬Ϊͨɾĵ١
ǵʵҪͨɾʵ̫ˣһϢ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ͥϿգϣ
µʱ䣬ͥϿƹͥͨɾͨɴ٣񷣬һһͨɴȫ
ֱֹȥ£ͥϿհͥ壬еӣҲ뵽ͨɾʮ㣬ѪǳǿңһЩͨ۷塢۷۷ĵӣҲõ龧ͻƵµĴ󾳽硣
ʱ򣬰ͥ䳡ϣͨɾδԼʮˣδԼʮˣ澳δԼˣδԼǧ벽ۻʴԼһ٣׼۲ζʮˣվһѪ໥֯嫶ˡ
˵һʢ
Թʮڣûκһʹ󴫳йĻԻͣ
ã
ͷҲ֯žâ
ǴͥͥʢˣȻиˡ
âƣٴλ֣ͥһڱڳʥȣӦоУ˸Ŀ⣬ɱϢˡ
Щȡֱӷͥӣٴǿͥڵս
ʹһͥоâק˫֡
һʱؾ˽ǵۼͨÿ˱ƿһ֣⣬ͬʱǺϻС˺ϻ˴󣬿ʹʩչϻʱϢ໥ڣʮɱ
쿴ͥӵ
һڤ彫ǧɱ룬֮ǰҪȫͥս

ȵ
ǣ
ͥӦ
ͷƵˣЩǶͥ߱ĵۻʼžͨ˸飬Ȼûжƿأȴǵãʱʼ
Դºϻ󷨣ǿĵۻʼһֺϻҪͥӵʶУΪһָͥ
תۣһ¹ȥ
һºͥڵİӸʵǣͰͣ뿪һͥ
ȥͥĵھϱĴ֧ͥȥ漸ֲͥ龧ȣǿЩͥͥʵ
֮һػͥ塣
Сһɽժ鱦Ӧûʣɣȡ
콫С̫˹Сһ˵


1287 صϾƹ
ɽϱ鲼ָ䣬鱦Щеһ֣ʿ׳Ϊ԰벽ۻʼµʿ𵽷ǷЧ
ɽʱС̫ժ˺ܶ࣬ɽϵ鱦ˣСһӦûʣ鱦СһʱȡһϦ꣬桢ѩҹŶͰ˵ʵ
ѽ
СһգۣСצ΢Σȡʮö鱦ʣµȫˡ
ʣʮö㲻
첻ɵЦ
鱦ǱСһﵱʳԵģôʣô࣬ͦġ
֮Ϧ꣬桢ѩҹŶͰ˶ͥСڣ鱦ָˣΪһ˻
һȡ鱦󣬽δԥ¿ʼתԵĹž
һۣչȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
պͥһɹǿܣָ⽻֯ⷽСС
ʱգһ鱦ͻһС̨ףϦﵽ죬ꡢ桢ѩҹͺԴﵽ죬Ŷﵽ죬죬ÿ˵ʵ˺ܶࡣ
졢С̫Ծڰ벽ۻ֮ϣ鱦á
оŸʱ䣬Ǿһпս

Ƶ˶ͷһ뿪С֣صԵ֮أʼչ򷨡
ûбչС̫һ𣬽ͥ䱦ڵĸϡȡͬʱĵĻѪʯҲȡ˹ķֻصƳȫµ챦ֱڰӢۣ桢ƺͺԡŶ񾵾۷챦ϦˣѾͳǿ챦塣
úĴս֮ǰҪһпѵʵǿ
챦ڰӢۺƵ˺ûͣ£ȡͥеʯɵڣʼӡɱ̨ʱ֮ãӡɱ̨ÿһɱ̨󣬶Ժɱۻʾεˡ
Щɱָ̨Ϧꡢ桢ѩҹŶƵ˸ʮͥһЩ׼һһҷ䵽漸ֲͥͬʱҲָ塢𻯵š׼ҡںĹһЩ
󣬸ַӡ̨ѹΪıȣҲ˲٣Էȥ
ǸطӦдá
һУ¶â
С̫߳ͥúһĴɽС
ⷽɽףľ鲼ĴɽУһǧɴ
ȥӵֱԼɴСԱݻʯԵ÷ǳһ㣬û˿ϢΨԵЩӲ¿һԿײ

ۣС̫ҲǲɵСӡ
ǧ⣬ǸӿȥͨĲͨоκ֮ȴǼǰһĻʱ콫һֻŵķУòͻأޱȿֲϢǵϢֱ𶼿ɵ
˵طֱһӣ
Сӣʲô
ʵ
춢ǧǸӣ˫΢΢𣺡ڤɱԿһǿȥ
⻰۾ɵĸԲ
СӣҪ°֪ǷӵĿ£ֻҪл䷶ΧڣǿҲ⣬ڤⷽУתۼܿǡԵЩ˷ܣ漴üǣҪôһȥ
ӡһʹͷԷƼڣֻҪ˽ڣҿǿн֮͵ȥȻǽĿڲŲƣʵǿˣڴ͹пǿз룬𼶲εˣܸзӦʱ䡣ԣλã㹻ϣܳʮɵľ롣
ʮɣôڿĹкеĹУԼ°ɣ
ü
ⷽӿΣյĺܣҪôľڿӡʹҪԼУίʵЩΣգһŪãܻὫԼȥ
ģзִ硣

С̫Զ룬Լʮ֮⣬ڵرϺϿӡƣ̽еĺܻǳСģϾ̫ˡ
ֱ֮ȥʮգǽⷽʹӡϣͬʱҲӡ˼ܣڸǴʹϢϸҲ
ˣ
˳ȥ
ʮյʱ䣬ʼձ߶ȵľ裬ʱ򽫴ӡϺǷ֣ͷϺͼ϶ǲɵкˮմʪ˲١
ʵط̫Σգľʮռʼǳڽ״̬Ȼ亹
֮УҲǧСģ
֣ص
˽⡣
ͷ
һطһۣתȥ
һתۣ¹ȥ
ʱ䣬졢С̫ûбչͲŶڤ彫߾һƽԭ֮һֱطԶ֣ⷽƽԭӡ¸ִɱ󣬱鲼ʮյرС
ͬһʱ䣬µʱС̫߹˵һ򵽵ھطѰϾƹټǣȴʼûһ˿һջ
Ŷһ°ɡ

Ͼƹǿ֪ģϾƹ֣úս
ֻôˡ

˺գС̫Уһ̱ǻص֮ͥڡ
ͥͥŶϦһûԥֱӸ⣬ŶһϾƹټ
á
ŶЦΪﵽغϢǿƿҲ
ϾƹҲҪṩʲôֱʩչʼݡ
ˣ
ת㣬ⷽԺڣâ֮ӿ֣лƵԣŨ˼㣬·ǧһ˹һ㣬Է˵â
һۣʮȥ
ʱŶŨϢ֯ɵÿüͷ
һĻʵôŶ
ԴʶǵһμŶʩչĹüͷ
ԱߣϦҲ¶ɫ
Ŷԣֽ̧ӡ񾵴ڳ˲Ƶ⣬˻УתۼʹⷽԺڸֳƣϳһǣ˵ĵâͬһĺ㡣
һʮȥüͷĸӷµ鷨ӡʹڳⱩǣ貵Ĺâͥ˽ȥͥɱɽ붯ݣΪϢ
ˣ
ŶӿٵĽӡ両ֶüͷȴԽԽڣͷĺɫò԰һЩ
ֱ֮ȥӣͣ
У̫ˣʲôҲо
üͷ


1288 Ҫ
ʲôʲôҲӦ
춯ݡ
ǺŶΪ壬ټϻѾԱȵһʼˣ֮ǰͬʱڤʮһǿߣԷһĶǳˡֻϾƹټȴȻһͷûУЩȡ
Ҳ¶ı飺ɣ
Ϧͼ˶ŶҲǶܺ档
ѾȫˣȴʲôҲӦŶÿüͷĺԼɻ󣺡̫ˣ˵Ӧóʦǿڵľ粻£֮ǰҲӦû׳ֲŶԣգһӿֵذʹΪߵҵУԻʮǿжҵ㣬ڡ
ô˵Ҳɵüͷ⡭
˽ԶԶûŶ࣬ҲԳƵǺϤȷʵͬŶԣϾƹǿŶΪ޷ݣȴôҲһײŶԣûκ׵ȴʲôҲӦ
˶٣Ŷһʦټ
ӷ̫ϳ֪ϾƹǴһ뿪ŵģ϶һֻҪټҲ֪ܵϾƹټڡ
ãԡŶʦǺʦһ𣬰ողʦҲ㲻ô˵ţٴμһʩΪת۱ʮȥƻɢСҡͷȷʵԤǰ㣬ټҲ㲻
⡭죺ôоűС̫ʱ
ŶʱϾƹʲôҲûӵС̫ʱ٣һƬڣ⿴ȥǵС̫ʱȽϿ£ʵϣȴǾŶʱϾƹЩΪŶϾƹĹУһҲûеȴʲôҲ㲻ڣϾƹһŶʱҲ㲻˿Щˡ
Сӣ콾ʦòƱеĻҪ¡
ЩŹֵĿ졣
ǼģȻҲܲȴδɲĸоĵһУǺϾƹйأŶ֮㲻ϾƹڣΪϾƹĹϵŶҲ޷㣬⵱Щˡ
⡭
ü
ȷʵЩŹ֡
ϼһô¡
˼⡣
ãȴֻԹԵҡͷ
ˣˣԼ׼
˵
ͨŶ޷ϾƹټʱѰϾƹˣҲȥŶΪ޷ϾƹΪЩûʲô壬֮Ĵսаá
ʣʱ䲻ˣȫս
˵
Ϧͼ˶ͷɫǺࡣ
úĴսϵ̫ˡ
һ죬뿪ɵڣ׼
һۣŸ¹ȥ
պڤ彫룡
һ죬ŶԽɵ
Ÿµʱÿվͻһ㣬԰õս
ɵյȴһʱɵоâտտȫԱչлѣһͥϿա
ͥڽ׼ս
ͥϣ
Ƶͥڣ쳹ͥÿһ䡣
ս
ɱɽȣں
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһɹͥǿѪ֯һ𣬺ƥ
һǰͥİɱɽǴ֪һս촫һʱ䶼ǳͥһֳ߾һֳƬƬǿ׼˺ϣڽ漸
Ϊڤһɱ룬սܻһ򵽵ھͥս鲼һ򵽵ھѾ滮Ҵȥָ
Ȼͬһʱ䣬ͥҲ㹻ǿ壬ʮɱȫͥУǿ˭
ս
ɱ
ͥɱɽ𳤿ա
֮ͥϣС̫Ӣۺ֮һ
ϦҲڣҲս
ʵϣ첢Ը߳ͥȥսϣܴͥڣǣŮȴҡͷԸ⡣ǵ̬ȺܼᶨƽտԲսеǰܻһ򵽵ھ£ǲܲս
վͥϿգһͥӳͥеľâŨ
ߵˡѺͻ飬ҪģάɽӺͲ飬ҲɱڤҪǣǶҪţҪĻţ
үôôССڤѣүȫˣ

̫ˣûô

磬ģ
Ϧ
ǶţҪ

һ˿죬̿ڡ
ãͷתԶߣ
䣡
ǿĵۻѹɢƵھ򣬴ھÿһ䡣
ʵ
ʼˡ
ϾʵϿգ΢н֯ɫԡ
һ̣ʵϿʧ
ʵˣʴ˵ָ׼ս
ʵһ̫ϳϿڡ
ǣ
ʵڣһ
һǿâʵŸͬķȥ
򣬴󡭡
һ󶥶ˣۻϣϺͰص󣬶ϡӺһɵӭս
ǣ
ڶ̫ϳϺ͵̫ϳڿգﵽվϵĵҲһڿնϣ֯һԣϿա
ߣ
濪ڣ۹һһʧ
ʥء
ɵӭս
ʥһ濪ڣʥصһǿߣ뿪ʥء
ͬһʱ䣬ھһڴڴʱӦǿ߳
һУֻΪĵۻϢƵھھдͬʱսϢЩ̣һǰʹ֪ڤ彫һɱ£һֱ׼촫Ȼˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һ죬ھһǿϢںƵһݺᣬʮ

⽻֯âϦˣһʱ

ǰѿϾ߳ɫ⽻֯Ϣһǰǿˡ
廹жûɱ
ߵԣʵ
졣

䣬طһѿǿϵ
ɵۡ
ĵۻʾǰߵԣͬʱϾͷʾ⡣
ٴƿʥһǿп
ɵۣʡ
濪ڣ
ƿһղѿһ̵ǿ߸ϵɫ¡


1289 ͷһ
ڤ彫ɱ룬¸ϵ̫ˣϵһ򵽵ھѾһ˵£ǵһ򵽵ھ˵¡ʱѾ׼һ֮õĸ̣ڸӦĵ
ɵۡ
쿪ڣͬʱҲʺˣһԴк
쳯Щ˵ͷڤ彫պ߾ĳƽԭɱ룬ȥءһˣŵֻǣ֮󣬴սķΧƱػֻ߾Ƿƽԭϣʱһһ򵽵ھĲпսλǾȫɱУԼĴУʵͬûսͨˣƬɽӵ
Ȼ
ǵĽɽӣȾָƻ
һеƾɵ۷Ը
һ濪ڡ
ãȥǷƽԭڤɱĳʱǵͷһ

ã
һڴȡ
һ죬ǣͷΪףھ̾һǿ֮ƵźƥѪܿ߾ĳƽԭ
ȥƽԭǳһԿͷرûʲôֲǻɫʯͬǸһڣҲԵ÷ǳϡ
ǿŸԴеĵͽ־һ򣬽ⷽƽԭʰԲΧ˵ı鶼һƬ£ս߰
һУǵİȫΪһΪҪסˣǧҪһ㣡
ߵ˵֣ض档
һڶ˵ĻһΣ˶ͷ
ġ

ǻᱣԼ
￪ڡ
ãΪ˺ߣԣҪţš
ͷн֯âǰ
λϣʥغʹȴ̣һǿ߸ȻҲǰ
תۣʱŶ
ˣ
һ죬ⷽƽԭ֮ϣͻأŤѺۣâ֡
һɱǿϢ˳Ѻɢ
ˣ
쿴ǰлâ
ͬһʱ䣬ⷽƽԭϣһڴ̵ǿ߽Զݣǰ
һ̣һ죬ƽԭ֮ϣպȻըɫĹâͬɽ緢֯
ɱ
ĺ쳹Ƭƽԭըڳһ޴ͨӰ˳ͬһɱµɱҪѿء
תۼѣӰ˳
һĻʹصǿ߸ݣ¶ɫ
д£
һ̵ǿ棬һ̽˸
һǰ˵ºЩ˲δйɣΪ֮ͥݣûһ˿һȥºƭǣʱ򣬵ۿǰһĻۿ⳾ڵڤɱ룬Щ̲סȡһУͬԣֵĵصʱ䣬ûа
䣡
䣡
䣡
ɫâӿɫƽԭϣƿĸһʮɵѷ֣ڤʿгƵϢת۳˶ʮˡ
УеۻʳڵǿڣۻѹƵ֯⣬ޱȡ
ֻǣһ̣ڤۻʶݣĶʮڤʿҲݡ
Ǵӷ⳾ɱߣŸճ֣ǰȻվһȺʿԴĿȫϣָо·ǡ
ۻʳڵڤۻһн֯âʱɵü
Ҳʱ̧֣ɫĮֽһӡ

ƽ³ôһۡ
̼䣬ⷽɫƽԭ𣬵رϺϣӿ֣һʱƵɱһֲɱת۶Ϣ֯ʮ
Ϣֲ̫ˣ·һУʹڤһ˶ʱɫ
ڤǸۻʳڵĵۻʶʱ󾪣˲ñǡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ʮɱ𶯣ɱ罣Х޲ɱڤˡ

ҽ̼𣬵ۻʳڵڤǿ׵壬ֱӱƬɱ̵֣ĵۻ˲ըҲ˲Ϣѹķ飬סȿɲɱ⡣
Ϊɱǵۻӡ£Ժɱۻʾǿߡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڤʿҽо֣ճʱʧˣԴҡ


ֵĽصȳʮڤʿͷܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
쿪һӡɱ󣬴˿ոڤɱЩʿתۼ佫ﻯһĵѪˮתȾر
ô
һڤʿ֡
Ǵӷ⳾ҪһͳʮҪ壬Ҫūǧ飬ȴǲ뵽ոճߵĴѣ޾ɱɱ

ҽд̶ϵѪˮø࣬۵Ѫըϵ
ԵۻصӡµɱһεֵˣۻʾҲԱɱʱһڤʿϲת۾ͱɱʮ
ã
ɵۣ
Ư
ʥصȴ濪ڣһĻжɵøâ
ڤɱ룬ճ⵽µɱĨɱһۻǿߣĨɱʮʿǶڤġͷһһǺݺݳڤһǶ⣡
䣡
ƽԭɱƱ鲼ɱʱڤǿȫС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ҽд̶Ѫըһ̵̣ʿԭأֻɱ𶯣ոһڤʿĴظȾ졣

ڴ˿̴ѾѪˮȾĳƽԭϣ֮ǰƿʮɳĿռѷŤٴα飬ʮɳиɫâ֯
󣬸ڤʿ֣һһȳֵڤʿǿ
Ҳʱ̧ͷн֯âϤϢˡ
ңǿ
䣡
ͬɽ鱩ƽԭʮɳѷһӰһϮۣͬ⾹Ȼɫ񻷡
ֻ˲ѣӡڳƽԭϵʮɱֱӱȫ顣
ǣ
Ϣ
𼶣
˽Բɵöݡ
ӰźܲϣѪȴޱǿᣬͬһĻ¯ļ¡
쿴ˣоâֱ֯˳Яۻٽڤһ죬ʱ˳Ϊڤһǿߣʵܿ¡
ƺӦĿ⣬һϮ۵ڤƫͷжʱĿɱ⣬̰㣡ֻ壡ǿߣϵóֻʣҵЯٽڤһʱѾ֪졣
ʱٴμ죬ڵһʱ䶯ˣֱطһʿΪ˻ڤոտʱ;ط̻һڤ죬Ժ嫵֣ȻҪֱѹ죬ȡֻرԴ


1290 Ͼ
嫵𶯣ѹʮ£ʮռ䡣
𼶵ǿڶ֣ޱȣǵƺҪһжݻ٣ǳˡǣıȴûаı仯û˿η壬򶨶ݡ
ѹ㣬ȡֻرԴȻնǸŮˣǸɶŮˣ
۵ڤҪȡֻرԴͬʱҪԸ¡ڷ⳾ʱг˴ͷЩһֱ
䣡
ø£ɫĹĻƵʮռ䡣
һԱ𣬺ϢӿϾɫ졣
ۣ
Ѫˮը۵ڤĴֱɫ飬˺ɰԶ
棡
⣬⡭
ôܣ
ⷽƽԭϣһڤʿɫһǴ𾳲ΰ񣬾Ȼתۼ䱻һֱۣĺɰɶԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥɫ
ǣ
Σ
Ǹʡﵽ𾳽磿
𺳡
˶Ծɴ˫ۡ
ﵽˣ⡭𺳣ʷ޵Ļʣ
ʵΪʮǿʥأԴʼɻδֹ𼶱Ĵڡ
Ư
˫۷
ѾϾ飬ǳϲϾ飬Ǽ뱧һϾ飬ʱϾһ־ڤǿߣԵЩ
ǿ
Ҳľ
¡¡ģƽԭմ𶯣ɫâǺӺƵɳȥڤסΣ޸ǣĿϾϣܱ
ڤ֮һ𼶱ĴڣȻһ־ͱˣΪҪǣϳϾ飬ǰǱǴһġ
㣡ǸŮ˵֮ͬһ
Ͼ飬ӱøӱһ˵ɱʱƵ˳
һ⣬Ũ𼶵ѹƵǺӽҪ̮
ﬣ
Х̶ɫ鲼죬Ժϰ˻֮Ƴն¡
Ͼ鶯ֱ֣ӻӶ̫ն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮĽ̫նһ㣬նڤĻĻǶˢӣǱǳʹһκɰɶԶ
ʹڤճһʿĲж¶֮ɫһ棬ǿߣȻǰαͬһ˴ˣ˵Ǳ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥغһڴ̵ʿǸ¶â
ʣ
ʣ
ʣ
ǿ̲ס𣬼˷ܡ
ڤһǿ߿ȴתۼ䱻λɣǼɱɱڤʮȷһǶ⣬ޱȣںݺݴڤ

۵ڤǿգȬ
Ͼ飬ͷ𣺡⡭
ﬣ
̫նƵڷֱӴڤĻ
Ͼͨ廷ɫâɽ羫߳ڤȥƾ㣬ҲѹҸ磿ƾ㣬Ҳ˵ն£ʲôâӿϢ涯֣һڤȫֵõʴʣӷ⳾ɱͼһͳʮ
䵭Į׺գڤɫѿ
Ůˣ
Ͼ飬ڤеɱŨ
ǿߣ㿴ᣡڤɱ룬
ⱬԣ֮ӿ֮ͨϾ飺ɱ㣡
Ͼͨ廷ɫ⣬Ԧ̫նϣѹӿ
תۼ䣬սһ𣬱ɱâ
оâ֯սУϾڤ𣬾Ϸ
ƶĿ⣬ڤʿɫâӿ
ڤɱ룬ڤʿˣʱ򣬳ƽԭ֮Ѿаڤǿߣܾˡ
λɱ

ӡⷽƽԭϵɱѾڤ飬ʱϾʣһڵڤʿʱ򣬸ɱսˡ
һƽԭϣ̣һߵǿһһ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ쾪أ嫺ӿ
ͥһɱɽȳ˳ȥǿ󱦱Ϣ磬սˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮɽͥһɱɽ룬գ۱дƬڤʿ˺顣
һɱɽǴͨɾϵıһ̻һ飬һ飬ʮʮһ飬໥ϣѪڣսɽ飬ڤʿԵסһ۷ڤʿڵɱɽϻתۼըһ飬

ϣǡ
Ϊô࣬Ϊʲôᡭ
ڤһʿʧɫһͥɱɽնɱתۼ˴Ƭ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿϢ֯ɱɽܱǡ
һ죬ɱ˵صɱɽһȫ˳ȥսϹɱͬʱڴ˿ͨǿޱȣʼһʹʮԲ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ꣬ͣڤʿը
ֻƬ̶ѣɱɽɱɱʮڤʿ
ã
оâ֯
Ŷǰ֪ڤ彫һɱ֮ͥڵ龧ΪͥΪʹ˶ﵽͨɼϣͥڵһڱҲȫǺķһʱ䣬Ͱָµۻʼͨͺϻһֶͥڵӵս֮ͥеӸڿ̿ûûҹĿޣʵࡣ
ɱɽһ飬һ飬ʮһ飬չϻ֮չ֮Ǽ˵ۻʼͨǿĹɱʱİڤʿ֣תʮ
Ϊ֮ͥ⡣

ҽһڤʿϱͥһɱɽնɱ
ѪˮƬƽԭȾĸ졣
ͥڽսˣ
⡭
ǡϻ󷨣ʩչϻɱУȻƿصô죿
ǵʥ
ÿ˶ۻʼͨ𣿣
ͥͨɱɽǵս⡭
ʥغһڴ̵ǿ߽ԶݣΪһĻ𺳡
ǰֻ֪ͥеۻʼֻɵۣ𼶵С̫塢塢̫塢ħ壬̫ۡѪһƿʶľţ˶ͥǿޱȣȥעͥͨɱɽ񿴵һĻЩ𾪣ֻֻ֪ͥɵۡС̫һǿĺĳԱͥǣȻҲǿ
ݣս桭Ŀɳʮʷһʥ˰
ϱǿĲ


1291 ɫ
߾ƽԭϣɱɽ֮ڤѪˮա
⡭
̣һȫסˡ
Ŵڵĵͽԣͥһɱɽʵ̫ǿˣסˡ
ֱȥʥصعǰб⡣
Ҳϣɱ
ȵ
¡¡ģ֮һʥصȫƵž˵ѪɱǰֱӶڤȳڤʿӳɱ⡣
ǣɱ

ɱ
һŶĵӽ֯ǿâֱӳ˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬طһڴҲˣһʿȺɱ˳ȥ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
̵Ӵͨչɱˡ
һǰŶݵڤ彫ڽɱ룬콫¸֪Ƭһڴһʱﶼ˸׼׼ķǳ֣ڤɱ˿ңɫ£սǳˡ
ʱ۵ģѪˮĽһڤʿնɱתۼ˴Ƭ
Ҳˣ

˿ǰн֯âӿսʼ
ȫһ
쿴Щѣ֣أ㿪ڡ
֪ⳡսܷȡʤҪϣԺҪ£κ˶Σգȫһĸ֣ү͸㣡ɱ⣡
ģ
ͷ
ã
ֱӳɱ
ʱ䣬¡¡벽ۻʼΪչֱӼǿ챦
԰벽ۻʼΪ߶ǿ챦ֱո´Ƭڤʿ
ɱ
ͳ
漴һ̣Ӣۡ桢ԡƺҶͯ˸ϦͼŮҲɱ˳ȥӿ
䣡
𶯣Ƭ׵֯յ׹䣬ֱƬڤʿ
ˣ
һߣǿս֯ºʣ򣬽֯ʥ֮ѹʮ
ͬһʱ䣬Ӣ۳ɽѩҹħڣҶ̫ۣͯϦͼ˽ԳʶǿܷϢ졣
ǿ£ɽڣ̫ۣѪʶͥһˣơ
⼸ˣ׼ҲסǼа
δɵۣۻ֮¾޵ˣ
ľ
һ̣˵սЩһ̴е𺳣̫ǿˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮͣըΪףھ׼һ꣬ʱɱڤʿռݾԵϷһڤʿϲ
һ֪ڤ彫طɱߵ磿
۵ڤϾһս·ʱһƬɭ
Ͼߣ໰̫նһ㣬㽫ն
۵ڤøɭɨܵĲģԼһȳİʿɭ⣡ⲻɱߵľţһëѣֻ̽·ߣߵ磬סֻݣ
䣡
ⱩǣϢøӻɱϢ֮øɲ
󣬼һ̣ⷽƽԭϣԷ⳾򿪵ͨߵѾﵽʮɵѷٴ죬ʮɣڤʿϢǿޱȣʮǿĵۻʣˡ
ɱ
Щڤʿ룬ɱˡ
һۻʼڤǿ߶֣ѹ£дƬھĴʿ
Ҳϣ
ͺȣֱԵۻʾΪһڤۻ֡
ڤۻʴڵۻ죬ѹʱݣ㡭

ֱչʥشд֮ͨһĹɱ¡
۵һۻڤۻȻסۻʾ棬һʱǱĴͨѹĵ飬Ҳһѡ

ɱ
䣬ʱҲˣƥĵâסһڤۻʡ

ڤۻʲҽУһĨɱסΪֻǴڵۻʵڶ죬ȵۻʾĴ̫ˣңʱǿĵۻʼɱһնɱۻǿߡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ʥغʹ֮ĵۻʼ̫ϳϣʵۻʼ̫ϳϣʱҲˣֱɱ⽫һڤۻסֱչ鹥ɱ
ڤ壬ɴ·
һУֻΪһǰڤ彫ɱǰ֪Ƭд̣д̶˸ս׼ǰסսȻԣսʼǿɱڤһʿס
ˣ
ƽԭϣ촫Ǵӷ⳾򿪵ͨߵѾﵽʮɵŻһŲһߵӰ
Ӱźɫսף䣬·𿴱Ϣޱˡ
нâ֯ڶڤ˹
壬ôͿʼֿˣΪ͵壬սĲ
ɫս׵ڤĮԷ⳾粽һ
һ𼶣
˶ݡ
ɫս׵ڤĶεΪɨ۲ԶϾսһǸڤ΢ƫͷһʿ
ǣʧ
ɫӿдƬɱ⽻֯ھɱһʿ˴Ƭ·ǳ
Ҳʱһɫֱӽâ
ͷС̫ڿն𣬱˫һɫٴκƵһɫ籩̼佫ɫս׵ڤסһɡ
ǣ
ɵߵͷСޣ
ͥ𼶴ڣ
ǿзŹ⡣
ɱ
ȵ
ڤѾǿɱʮۻʣǵսɡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿܽ֯ⷽƽԭһ̮ݣһƬƬѷ顣
н֯âĬĬսһ̣Ǵӷ⳾ƿѾǵʮɵŻ֮ڣǺ棬иڤϢڳ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
һƿ𣬼ѷһ̣һһڤʿת۴ﵽ˽ǧⷽƽԭѾҪռݲ¡ңУޱƽ𾳲εڤ˳Ϣǿᣬη
һ˲䣬ڤеڤƵƬƽԭĵھʿһ
ǧڤʮޱƽεǿߣʵ̫¡
Ƭ֮£Ƭ򣬰λһʼµָӾƬһ𹥷壬һͳʮ
һޱƽ𾳽ڤĮڣ漴һ̣а˸ޱƽεڤ֣˺ϣŴƬڤʿֱӴⷽƽԭ뵽İ˲


1292 ֻص
վڳƽԭԵŰ˸ޱƽ𾳲εڤһڤʿɱ˲򣬶˶ָҪ֣ջδ֡վҪ㹻ľΪԺиҪҪ
ǣӰⳡս£
ң漸ĸ֪£Ѿ˸ս׼ʱò̫ģģҪԺϡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ƽԭϣɱ죬ʿڳ棬ͨƵʮ
ΪĹϵסսȻѹŸճڤʿǣԽԽڤʿɱ룬Ⱦ濪ʼı䡣
ϣȫɱ
ɣ
ڤ壬һͳʮ£
һڤǿ
ʱѾгǧڤʿӷ⳾˹ɫڤⷽƽԭϺƵͨۻʼڤǿ˺գһȺȺڤʿɱƽԭͱҲط
ƽԭԵĬĬһУɲ֡
Ƭ򣬶ϱĴд̷ֲĸ֪£Ѿ׼սңǰͥһɱɽҲѾĴĸ׼ۼǿ죬ʱ׼սΪҪǣֲĴͥǿߣӡµɱ̨ɱ̨ȻǵۻʾҲܺɱ
䣡
ƽԭϣӿսӼң𶯲񷣬һ类ĳݡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըطѪˮ˺ӡ
䣡
ƵɱڤУǿޱȣƬڤʿ
ɷǳǿһչֻ׽ڤ弸׼ۺɱ
ˣ
ǹ䣬ԲºʣŨ̫Ϣ֯ʥϢƵⷽս
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ƭڤʿը׼ۼǿߣס̫
ͬһʱ䣬ƬսϣӢ۵˵ڴ˿һѹʮϦͼ˵ʶ֯ǿޱȣһڤǿ䡣
ǿ
ɵ۵飡
ɱ
ǿߺХսڡ
ûж֣ĬĬۿսϦͼ˵սŰ˵սĿƶϾС̫ԵڤһǿߣʱѾսˣǴϷ
ɱ
ƽԭѪˮȾ죬ɱԽŨˣ𶯳մء
תۼѣʬСɽѪˮ۳˺
ˣ
һ˵ľͻأƽԭϣӷ⳾ƿͨߵѷ죬һٴοʼ죬֮ǰʮɴСֱʮɡ
ڤѷӿһ̣ŹĻϢƵͬǾͷĹ޽ӳ˯ǵȲ綼ڻζ
ƽԭԵ쿴ʮɵѷ촦
ˣ
⣬ɫ⽥ӿ֡
ˣ
ʮɵѷԶž
һʱ䣬ӿֲڤӿš
ǣ
Ϣһ𡭡оŹɣ
ʼ˿ºܶ࣡
һ
֪ڤһʮһ𼶴ڽɱʱȳڤоŹϢԷ⳾ѹ𺳡
Ͼǿߣ
䣡
ɫ죬ӿƽԭԵ쿪ʼͷŵֻƵ
һ̱۷ֻرԴϢ֮һӿ֯ʮء
Ϣһƽԭ֮ϣ˽Զݡ
ɵۣ
ֻıԴϢ
ǿú嫣⡭
뿴ƽԭԵ˸
Ƕֻ֪壬ȴǵһμͷųֻ屾ԴϢϢ̫嫺ԶˣһǺӴǿֲˡ
ͬʱ桢ƣϦͼˣƫͷ
ȫˣ

һ̣ǿϢչ
ɱ
Ӣ
¡¡ģɽ𶯣ѹһڤʿһڤ׼ɱ
ͷֻرԴϢͷ۷Ĳ񷶼ڻζ
ˣ
ǡ´ָҪѹˣ
Ϣ
ڤǿľɱ⵽̼ҵĵֵһʼûע⵽죬ֱʱͷųǿǲǿ졣
һڤǿļ£Ȼطļޱƽ𾳲εڤҲоһֻšȵ̫ˣǿֽ̧Ǹһ㡣
ֻ࣡壡
ڤȳڤ죬н˸ĿĹâ
Уȳڷ⳾ʱѾ죬ֻ֪壬¸֪һ˶֪һֻ塣һΣɱߣҪһͳʮҪҪѹֻ壬ȡֻرԴȴ˵ǿصʣ䱾Դջ̫ˡ
䣡
ƽԭϣʮɵѷ󣬸µڤ
ѷڿһߵڤǿȻǸоͷųֻ屾ԴϢڤӿٶȼӿ죬Ϣ
ֻգ۶ѣŵߴӰѷŹϢ
ҧɫôÿ˵Ϣʼڤǿ̫ˡ
ǣ
ڤƬʿȺ𣬽Լսǡ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ϣƬսϣڤڼ׵ʱľŸڤ𣺡ѹֻ壡
Է⳾ľŸڤսеˣС̫Ͼ飬нǻ⣬ƫͷڡ
ɢֻϢȻ͸оˣǴӷ⳾ĿģѹΪֻ죬ȡ˵еֻرԴ
иԽ֯⣬죬һȫˣƬսϵˣԳȥ



һطƬձըռˡ
Ÿڤһѹ죡
վڳƽԭԵɫӿžŸڤѹ˿޾壬ĽɫøŨֻصӿĲ񷶼ڸžһζ
ɨƬսֱӺˣŵھؾǲһɫ뿪ⷽƽԭԶȥ
Ͼƹ֪٣´Ҫıչؽ׶Σս޷֣ߵսڤʵڲ̫ˣϾڤɱǿߣʮһʮһһ֣Ǿ޷ס
Ⱦ£ҪӮⳡսΨһķǼڤֻˣʤĿԡԣʱԼֻرԴΪһڤŸҪŸȫ
ֻˣǲʤ


1293 Ծ
ٶȺܿ죬չŵھصǲգ۱Զ˳ƽԭ
ڤŸǿ䣬һƬĮƵĪѹֱ׷ȥ
Ŵһѹϣ



žһƬ飬סǵơ
ʱֻ죬ΪߣҪĿľѹ졣
ѹ죬ȡֻرԴһ鶼ҪҪ
ֻת۶ѣŸڤ׷죬Զ
Ǿˣȫȫˣ
ɵһˡ˾Ÿڤ𣡡
⡭
ƽԭϣ˸һ
֪ǳǿɱޱƽ𾳲εˣǿȣȴҪ̫࣬ȴһ߾Ÿڤ𣬵һ˿ڤɱߵİٷ֮ʮϵսʱпܱѹɱ
ɱ
ҧĵֱǡ
ʱ޷ȥ죬ΪﲻˣȻΪߣսȴǲ̫Զˣ׷ȥҲﲻκæֻϺȡʱֻ첻ֻ𶯵նɱڤˡ
ɵ۲£ɱȺͼȾָҵȽȫ
дȵ
һ̣һǣڤŴǿߣڤɱߵİٷ֮ʮսԼһ˼ͷʹ̵ǿ߽һȾٶͷԼΪߵսǴʣǴ壡
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ӿսǡ
ɵ۴ƽһУ
ɱɵ۴˻ع飡
ս
ͥһɱɽ𣬸һչֵۻʼͨתۼʹطһڤʿɱ
ʵϣһ˿ڤŴ𣬾ԣǱɣǣطͥһڵȴǶûȽ죬죬ΪѹһУΪͥˡ
䣡
һµ𶯣֯ʮռ䡣
Сӣȫˣ
뿪ķŨ
һ̣չ챦һոһһڤǿߵѪˮը
һ˿ǣڤŴ뿪еǣȴǾâ⣬һսⶼɽʮ졣
𣡡
âʢһڤ׼۸˺顣
Ϧͼ⣬â֯ҩչǵ챦Ҳһ𶯣Ƭƽԭɱ֮⣬һС
䣡
䣡
֮ϣӿƬռ䶼ڻζ
ֻ壬ֻرԴսУ彫ǰδеʢ
۵ڤԼһŸ׷ȥ¶Ц
ﬣ
ɫӿնޱȡ
ңǶ
Ͼƽ
ɫâ̫֯նն򷨣һɡ
䣡
һߣɫ𶯣С̫˫ѹڼ׵ڤ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ𶯰˻ģƽԭϣѪˮΪΨһʬǲڵر֮ۻ

뿪ƽԭʱѾ˺Զ
ɫâٶȳŵھĶȥ
ߣ
ߴڤŸ𲢼׷󣬸Įžâ
ʱ򣬾е첻һ࣬һ컯
ֻرԴأԵ컯
ˣ
һ˶֣̽ڤ֣ʮץ¡
ⲻֻͨǼ򵥵һƣȴɿޱȣֻΪֵǿߣȻǴڵۻʲڣȴԶͨĵۻʿȡ
촦ڵۻʵ죬նɱޱƽ𾳲εˣ˿÷ӭǿߵĹȴҲǵһԵֵĸо
û˿Ĵ⣬һ߷ɶݣһ߼ؾӡȥ
ؾͼһǿķӡӿͬˡ
ֻǣͼӭǸڤѹĴʱȴǵ㱻ķ飬оҵ罻֯ܵԷĴѹ
飡
ڤĴֻֻɨǽ쵱ĺɡ
ȣ
Ѫֻоһʹ
ˣɫȴޱ仯콣նȥԶ塣
ŵھصǲһɣٶȿ켫ܿڤһơ
ֵڤڤĶΣֱ콣ٴ׷ϡ
ٶȺܲǵ۷ٶȲ١

׷
Աߣһڤ𿪿ڡ
⽻֯ڤ⣬һǼԶ޾ĵâƶ
ֻתۼѣֱ׷ϣһڤ֣ץȥ
ҪĶȡֻرԴҪѹ졣
ˣ
𶯣ʱֵڤ㴦Σ̽ޱߵâһ𷭹һĺ˳ѹȥ
첻ûͷҲܸоֶεĿ£ñжܵƣʮڱ̡
еͺȣ̫ľתĸǿ貵ĽɫⱩǣֻصֱ۷塣һֻ̣ͼ𣬳ӭȥ
䣡
ֻͼǿʥתεڤǿߵĴײһ
ӿֻͼ⣬֮ǰͼǿ౶סڤǿ̽Ĵ֡ȴǺܶݣֻǵס˴Լһʱѣֻͼһ죬Ǳ顣
ܵɣһѪˮȳɫ԰˼֡
ʼûͣͷҲأԶնȥٶȱøӿ졣
ֵڤ΢â
ۻѣȻܵסĹһ֮á
˳
Ͼֻ壬ǳ˿ɱȡ
һ˵
˱鵭Įٴ׷졣
ûãһα׷ϣһΣŸڤһ֡
һʮռ䵱ˡ
Ѫȴûκα仯һ߿ƶһ߼ֻͼ
ֻͼһŴӭֵڤ
䣡
մֻͼתۼ顣
Ѫӵ飬ɫȴɲ䣬̫壬ŴֻͼըķһգŸ˺ܳһξ롣
ڤŸ䣬ޱ飬ٴγ׷ȥ
뽫ȥ
һ˿ڣĮ
˸ڤ⻷ڤ⣬û˿ڤء
ǽԷǳˣȻԿóڿ⽫ǳһطȥ
첻ٶȱø죬һɡ
Ÿڤ䣬ɫԺܵĮ
ʲôնⲻ˱ѹĽ֡
Ϊ׵һ˵ڰ˶Σڤ׷ϡ
ǿڿ⽫ĳһطȥȴ˿Ҳ⣬ûκι˼ɣϽԴĮһеı顣
ΪǾ˶ŸһԺˣƬʲôвǣ


1294 Ӷ
ڤŸޱ飬ӺĮȻ֪ڿ⽫ĳһطȥȴҲǺ⣬ΪǸоǾһ޾Ƭκζ˿ҲΪƬʲôвǡ
α
һ˿Եúᣬ΢̧ƵƬѹϡ
ֻͼֻͼԼǸٵĳԶȥ
ûлͷȥ׷ɱľŸڤֻٶȥ
һʼ֪Լôǣ뿪ƽԭһ·壬ԷһܿȴôˣΪԥôһǣŸڤΪ̫ǿԸԸ֪ڿǰĳطҲ⣬ڶǣΪ˶ȡֻرԴŸڤûбѡһ׷ֱѹ¶ᵽֻرԴ
Ҳȷʵǰ㣬Ÿ𼶵ڤǿ߾ܿ˶ߣȴҲɺԥ׷
ˣ
⣬ɫøŨ̫ľתĸǿǲҲʩչĸ졣
ವһƺˣһαǴԼʮɣ˲ƶ
ٶȺܲ
һڤ
˸ĿĮµٶҲЩ׷졣
ͬһʱ䣬һ֣𶯣ƺƵѹ졣
ֻһɲǣʮռ̮ɲĲһƵ𶯡
ֻͼͷҲص˦Լٵȥ
䣡
ֻͼڤײһ𣬵Ǳķ顣
ܵ𵴣Ѫֻصֱӱ鲼Ѻۡ
ֻǣɫ˿䣬ٶȴ߶ĸЩһһӰԶȥ
ڤŸͬڤһʮɣȵ׷
ʲôãҪν
Ϊ׵˶εڤǿٴοڣĮ
һҲûУǲԶ
ŸڤԺһҲǿʼ١
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյصգڤŸһǰһ󣬻ʮƶ
ͬʱڤŸʱʱĶ֣һ⣬ء
ȣ
Ѫκεս󲿷ֵӳٶϡ
һۣʱȥ
ȾѪʱʱ壬˺նУǰܾŸڤιֻصΣһ̳ڶһɽڡ
ⷽɽףľ鲼ȥңңĿһӡⷽӴԼɴСǳͨûһ˿һֵעĵط
ɫʱѾǳ԰ףǣŸڤε飬ѪѾ̫࣬ѾҪˡʱңңԶǷӣȴоâӿֶڽˡ
ȾѪŵھصǲٴ߼ٶȣȥ
ֻһۣ嵽Ӵ֮⡣
࣬๻ˣ˵ˣûκ壬ͽ͡ڤŸ׷ɴһͬʱ̧֣֯âץȥһʱ·Ϊ׵䵭ĮһУʵˡ
ˣ
֧ǣʮˡ
ֻо궼ҪˣǱޱߵĺڰ
ȻʱȴЦˡ
ǲˣ
ЦЩ䡣
ͷžŸڤ˿ѹĴ֣ɿֽ̧ӡ
˵һ󣬾ŸڤķԲɷΧڣϺ͵һƸ֣һʱ䷢貹â
ǣ
ƺʹƣ
Ÿڤ΢
漴һ̣âһ°žͬʱʧԭء
һ˲䣬ٴγ֣ȫòӵķΧڡ
࣬ʲô
⽫ȻεĴ͵У
Ϸˣǣ
˾ӷΧڣĮĿ졣
ɴʱȴԸоһɿֲΣڿ˲ϢһεڳĲն
һ̣ûκһĻǲʩչޣٶԶ롣
ڤŸɫĮԵЩ飬Ȼһ̣˽һͷͻأ䶼亹Щ㤵ӣײȥ
Ϊ׵ڰ˶εڤǿ߲ߣ뿪⡭
䣡
˵Ϣӵײ̼˵Ļ
һ˲ѣڹ·ӵðһ㣬һʱ˰˻ģʹòϵ޾ƲɲǼȫ飬ͬˣһڶֶ޾ڹתۼǽڤŸǿ߸С

ҽ˲䴫ڤŸǿ߱Уһ˵ӣѪˮķ
ʱѾ˳ȥǧԶһĻ̲סһ¡
ȥڤľŸǿ޾ڹ֣գۼѣһǱѪģ
䣡
ڹڳ𣬰סڤŸǿߣʹþ˽Բ
һ̣ǸоƥסǵڷɿĹѣѪһ顣
࣬ǣ
һ˻
֮ǰǻòΪоһ˿һرϢǾεĴǴ͵ϷˣǡڣĲˣòͨӣֱһֲĶӣ
ȥ
һεڤǿߺ
һ̣ŸڤâǣӿԷ塣
ǣӵײڹ̫ɲˣͬһƬƬռ䣬񷶼Ⱦںɫһ΢СڶУɵһС
ƿ
˴ֱƴˣ˵ĴͨԥչâֱֲѣƬƺҪ顣
ԶԶĿˣ𼶵˹Ȼ£̫ǿˡ
ӣӵĵ𣿡
Щ
ܿ죬еĵʧˣӵײڹøӿɲڤŸǿοⶼãͨȫ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ȭͷĺڶ鲼ʮһУһȫˡ
ԲڵĿռ䣬

ڤŸŭӵķΧֻңǣ·ڹȴ̫ˣͬԼʶ㽫ֶ֣ξҲã粻ȥһɿֲѹǣڽӵײ
ƴ⣬Լǿսǿͨӿʮ
ϧûá

ĲҽдһһڹӵײգۼǱޱߵĺڰû
Ȳҽм޾Ŀ־壬ͬǿؼΪֲĶ㣬һ˲ھ򣬴߾ĳƽԭʿһ
ƫͷҽдĶȥÿ˶ܴҽио־塱ʵ̫Ũˡ
ǡϾŵ
ϾŵϢʧˣ
۵ڤڼ׵ڤɫ


1295 
ƽԭϣۺڼ׵ڤɫǵҽ׷ɱȥľŸڤеһˣ˵ϢȻʧˡ
ô£ʲô
ڤͷһ
ͬһʱ䣬ʹǿۻľȻҲԶĲҽ׷ɱȥľŸڤеһˣƤӾ
ɵʲô
˸Ÿǿڤ׷ɱȥһ˾ô־ĲҽУھʹɵõ¡
ϾңдâǹһܺÿĻȡ
ҼҸˡ
Ц
ѽ
С̫˫ҲңңĿŶɫ⻷ԣʥ
ۺڼ׵ڤʱЩˣԵЩꡣ
ô£
˱ò
ﬣ
䣡
ɫɫӿϾС̫һ֣ɱûˡ
˶ѡ
Ͼ
⻷â̫նն£Ƶ۵ڤŵŵɺˡ
ɫѿЦǸֻֻǵۻѣôвοǾŴһ׷ȥ˺ɺһˣûʲôвǣǳϾ飬ͷȴǲɵ÷ΪҽеһǸ𣬴˿̣Ϣȷʵʧˣƺˡ
ϾߣŲӯ̫նȴǺӣʮռ䶼ѹˡ

򣬻ɽڡ
Ͼţ
ŭⷽɽ𶯣Ӵڹ纣˷У˸ڤǿɫ䡣Ǳ޾ڹ֣һ˱ӵײĲҽ֮ϢֱʧӰ٣Ȼӵײ


ǷŭͬʱҲ֣Ϊʱǵ״Ҳǳ⣬ӵײڹ⽫ȫˣȫʩΪҲԴѳȥ
䣡
ӵײڹ𣬿ɲޱȡ
ԶԶĿһĻ಻ɵþæ˳ȥǧԶ
Ȼ£
ô̵ʱѣһڤɵˡ
ӣɵЩĲ

Ӵڤ廹ŵİ˸ƴȫʱһȺ󶼼ǿ챦ÿһ챦۷弶ΣƵµϢ
ϢЩˣ֮ǰǿˣǣŴӵײĿֲڹ⣬ȴǸûʲôãڹⷭӿգ챦Ĺâ
ۣ
Ѫըӵײڹɱâ嫺һӿһεڤǿֱӸӣĿѪˮһɽ
ŭⷭӿ޸壬һ̱иڹѹֱӽУɿĳӵײȥ

˲ҽУȫʩΪԼӵײȴû˿ãסķĿɲڹ⣬һ̱Ǳޱߺڰû

ޱ߿־ӵײ˵Ϣ̼ʧӰ١
Ȳҽ̫ˣʹԶ첻ɵô˸
棬ʲô
׵ӡ
ڤȻˣһʼǸڤһӵײ󣬶ǿؼֲĶһ㣬ֲֻҽжļ¡
ӵײн֯ƹ⣬۳ӵײȥȴ˿ãȻΪۣҲӵĵײ
ˡ
ԹԵҡͷȥ̽ӣǿסļڤ
ʱطһƬ谵Ǻҹһ㣬ԴӷΧڵľŸڤѾֻʣˣǱȾѪ

ҿ
ŭӿ𼶵ڤǣǵڹ⡣
ֻǣڹ̫ǿˣȻ𼶵Ҳ飬ǿЩ¡
ЩڹƳһһСڶɿɹߣڤ弸ǿߵڱɣֱ
߸ڤ⣬ȴԽԽǱϵϢԽԽ

Ƭ̺һҽдһ޾ڹѹ飬ֻʣһ걣һ˲Ǳڹѹ˸飬ֱ
ʹڤжǸֳŨŨľֻ֣ôһ˲ѣⲻɷΧڣѾ𼶵ǿ߳䡣

˻
ǽ߾ȫʼһʩΪĳƺϻǿͨ˸Դ߶ܣһɲڤɱ⣬ʮռһ̮
һݸ˴ӵײڹ⣬ǣȴҲֻһ˲ѣһֲ̣ڹӵײͬɽ緢˰㡣

һεڤǿ߷ҽУֱӱȸֲڹķ顣

ת۶ѣŸڤֻʣˣȾѪǱ
ԶԶĿһĻ̫ľ̫ת޸ָ֮ǰΪŸڤʱ䲻ϱ˼صˡ
ɫ֯⣬ϾĿӴ
䣡
ڵڹⲻӵײ𣬽񷶼ȾɫʹƬɽû谵һƬմѷ鲼ܣһСͺڶɵһС
ƿƿư
ڤŭ𣬸ȫʩΪһͨҪǮļ
һ̣УеĿ־Ũˣͷ亹ס

ҽһڤӵײϢתʧ˸ɾ
Ȼˡ
ﵽʲôط
ʣµĸڤ𾪿ַ
˼ȫܵڹ⣬֮ȥ
ֻǣɷΧӣһȴޱߣҲȥǵɫڹԼʶ㣬ķӷΧڡ


ҽдڤӵײڹ飬
ˣ׷ľŸڤ𣬻ʣˣһ𾳵߶Σһ𾳵ڰ˶Σɫڹ
ֻǣڹǰԵЩסڹ⡣

ʮһҽ𣬴߶εڤһڹֱӱ뵽ӵײϢתʧ
վڼԶڣǸڤ𣺡ʣһ
䣡
·ڹӿƺƵϷ壬ͬԼʶ㣬ѹʣµڤ
ڤڰ˶ΣѾҪߵͷʵİ˸ǿ̫࣬ʱȾѪ־ֿŭ˻

ͨⱩǣһƴˣʼȼԴʩչĳֿµĽΪҲڷɿ½ת۴ڰ˶ε䵽һΡ


1296 
Ÿڤʣһˣһȼ߶ΪʹԴʩչױȵĿֲϢƺƬؼǧȫӳԼһ㣬ޱߵĵâգۼ佫С
䣡
ڤǺӷǵ֮ǿᣬƬھ
վԶһĻһ
ʱڤɢϢ̫ˣ𾳡
ҿ
ڤŻۣϱ鲼䣬ʱͷྭ¶˳ԵЩͬǴڤгһͷһ㡣
⣬ڤס֮³ڹ⣬ڹײ󣬷͵죬һϸС罻֯ƬĿռ䡣
䣡
ӵײڹӿøڣ˸ʴһеϢ
¡¡ģһڹŴӵײͬǻɽ緢˰㡣
ȥһĻĩա
վԶ⵭âƣʱæֺ˳ȥǧԶ
ʵǣǰĻ̫ˣһСģԼᱻ
ΪǱӵײڹһ˿Ҳпܵ

ǰڤĻ˻𣬽ȼոıԴϢøǿᣬӵײڹⲻײɨһµɱ⡣
ӵײڹֲޱȣͬʶ㣬ϳŻѹ£
񿹺⣬ڹ⣬һ۱һʱȥ

һʱһ̣һͬʱڤĻȾѪ嶼ˣɫڹ˳ɳȥԶӵķΧԶڴϢϢ͹ȡ
Զһ˾Ȼ˳ûбǿֲӸɵ
¡¡
ǰһڶڳһУһ̣ģЩڶһһʧ漴ͬһʱ䣬ƺΪڤǻ룬ӷΧûϢгڹ⻺ȥ
ֻգۼѣӵײڹʧȫصײ
һ˲䣬طðֻһ˿˿΢طƮ
춨ĿŻָӣ̲סһô̵ʱ䣬˸ǿ߱ɴⷽӹµĹ֣һڣ
ȿȿȣ
֮⣬ڤĻ𲻶ϿѪɫһƬҰס
΢ĿӴƿԶĻ
¶Цֱ˹ȥ
Ѫ粽־ŭɱ⣺࣡㾹ǣ
ľǣҺΣһϴЦͷ̣˵ǲͲڿ⽫ԼҪֵܹ˭öѡ
㣡
һҧأŭĶ죬ͬʱһ˿⡣
ȷʵͲڿ⽫ط³׼ʲôֶڶԸǣǣԳΪǿҾһ𣬸Ͳ⣬Ϊ׼ֶвǣȴû뵽׼ɱ־Ȼô£Ǿ˱˲ǿҲ˴
죬ǾŸ׷ɱ죬ȴôһ֡
ŸڣǴĶΣ񣬾Ȼֱӿɱˡ
죬˫۶ˣⱰɵĸ
৵ƿ𣬴Ļ˲ǰ̧Ⱦһš
һһڤϣֱӽ֮߷Զ
ȣ
ԶסΣڸղѾ޸ãٴοѪ
죬ŭޱȡ
࣡
ŭ
ǿߣȴһۻصһϡ
ЦϣһһӰٴοǰһ߳
һǱȣһڻϡ
飡
ɣݶʺѪˮһƮڿС
סΣŭ˼㣬죬һϡ
ˡ
飡
ٴγǰһǱȳٴνԷԶ
ŻǴЦһǰȥ
ʩչ˵ΪѾڰ˶һΣıԴȼգӴ˽ĴˣʱѾ͹ȣۺսҲͿȵۻʾʿ
ֻȳ̶ȣһ˿һ⡣
ӷ⳾ߣ£𣬹ȥ޾ºǧټƵһδΪڤ޵ˣ
Į
ϴŭ⣬ɭɱ⣺٣ȴСĵ͵ɱȣ
Цһ̳ǰһǱȣݺݵĳϡ
һ˺ɣһκɳȥǧԶдƬѪɫڿС
͵壿еĵ͵彫ڤڷ⳾޾¡Ҳеĵ͵壬ԵۻʼΪɱǰ˸ڰ˶εɥ֮Ȯ㱻һδγɡ
̡
ɫʱ࣬ѿޱȣ㡭
ﬣ
̶콣ϸ֣գ۵һᴩ
ѪˮУ㴥Ŀ

ŭ𣬱һۻʼ˵ʵܡ
𣬺һڤӿɫͬһƬƬ籩һƬϣ֮еĸ߲ʡ
ն㣡
죬һǳ˹ȥһȭռ䶼ѹ̮ˡ
Ǵǿǳ𼶵Զͨۻʡ
ЦֻͼƵֱӭϡ
֮ǰҲ˺صˣڻĹУ̫ľ̫һתѾ˴룬Ѿǻָ˾ųɵսʱԾųս߶ֻͼԷȭٴνԷɡ
һ̣ǰ֮ͬǰһ㣬һǱȳ
飡
һڻϣٴν֮ĺɣݻѪˮ
ŭ㣬ǿд߶ڵڤǿâһ˳
ɱ
죬ױЩֵâѹ졣
һֿµڤ֮ͨͨѹʮռ䡣
һʱ䣬ģձѹһ飬ⶼ˳
Цӭܼĵâͨɱ⣬򶨶ݣһǰȥ
ﬣ
ϣһĿ콣Ϊ콣еһǳǿĽɱʼһֱɢױȵĿֲƣֱӭŶԷĵâͨն¡
ʱ䣬͵ģĵâڤͨȫն˸顣
ҲʱӰһΣٴγڻǰ
㡭
飡
̧ȣһǱȳݺڻϡ


1297 Ѫʯ
ſû飬һǱѹ£ŸնˣµЩˡ
飡
ٴκɣǧԶײһʯϣǿȳѪ
ڵرӺƽһԷȥ
⻷ڤ⣬ŭĶ죬ҧأɱ⡣
࣡´ȡ㱾Դܾ¼һп̣

£ֱӺˣһڤ⳯Զȥ
ǿ룬ʱ״⣬뱾ԴȼգΪ䵽һΣϢѾ˥͹ȣۻʾʿȲˣڵͷųղŵĵâɱͼڤͨǼɿݣʱۻֻ壬֪һսκʤ㣬ֱѡ˶ߡ
ವһֻתۼ䣬˿طԶ
̧ͷȻһЦ
ŲһΣھصǲһչͬ˲ƶ㣬ֻһգ۱ǰԷ
һٶȷǳ죬ȫʢʱ϶١
㡭
ȥ
̧־һƣڻϡ
žһֱӱϳ£ڵϡ
棬ʱķѡ
£һǰֱ̧ȣһ˵ؿڡ
һعǵǱ߶ֱһѪˮ˳
࣡
ױһƬ
һڤڳڤһ㣬ҪվһС
ƴˣ

ǿߣ޾£񾹱һڽŵףܡ
Ц̧ŷ֮ͨ⣬һκݺѹ¡
飡
һѹ£ȻǣҲֱӱȵİȥ
عǣȫȶϡ
ƾڵ״̬Ҳ˵ƴôƴ
츩ӻ
ɫѿ־ŭޱһ˫ͫǷɱ⡣
ϣһҪɱ
졣
ƿڶԷؿڵȣһȭݺȥ
һһȭڶԷؿڣ涼̮ɣҳĽ

ӿѪ̲סҽУɢϢ˲ø
죬Ѫ˿
࣡
˻𣬺ɱŭ⽻֯һԵЩˣ㡣
ߣ̧Ⱦһţֱӽ֮߷ɰԶ
ȣ
ѪϢ̼øѵĴӵվ
ҲʱһһӰתۼǰ
㡭
ˣ
춯֣һֱӽӡͼһʱԻС
һֻоڵڷɿֻ̣תۼǸоˣңһ嶼޷ˣһǿӡˡ
ŭĶ죺࣬Աʲ
ž
̧־һ⣬ʹöԷֱš
ͼӡסĻסԷǣüķ⣬һʶ֮ٷɳԷʶʼ̽ѰԷʶ֪ڤɱʮһ⣬ûǿߡ
ȻоѰʶʱӾŭģ㡭
飡
ȭݺ˸ʹöԷĻֹסҺ
ʶԷʶڶԷʶڣܿҵԼҪĶ
ǿط⳾򡣡
лһĨĹ⡣
˵ʶУѰһɱߵʮһ⣬⳾ڻǿߣ˴ڶΣһ˴߶Σһǿ£ѾھŶ۷壬ΪڤһǿĴڡ
ʹòľһȻܿ£ﾹȻʮ𣬶ңһ˸ǽߵͷɱڰ˶εǿ̫ˡ
࣡
ŭ˫Ŀ죬һƬ
ߣջ̽ԷʶеһŻͼ̼ںϣһŸ貸µӡͼ֯˵⡣
ŻָһںΪһͼʱʶ
ʱ䣬ݺһͼʶֱӽ긲ˡ
ס֡
˴У󷢳ҽУʧ걻ͼֱˣֻʣһõǱ
쿴ŶԷǣлһĨâ
¶Էǣ׼ԺʥС
һ𼶵ǣʥٿһС̨׵Ϊ
һΣ𼶵ʬʯС
һ˲䣬طóװ
ڤŸǿ𣬾

зԶһƬƬݻƵҶӣԵЩͻ
վԭأԶǴӣȥôʲôҲоûκϢ
תԶȥ
ʱ۽żȻɨӲԶһѪ
ʹɵö㣬ټԶߣƫͷѪĵطȥ
ĿܾˣɣȴǿѪĶģΪһȭͷСѪʯͬѪˮ۶ɣڲһڹ⽻֯
ʱ䣬ɫһ䡣
ǣ
Уƹ⾶ֱԻֱֱĶסȭͷѪʯ
ѪʯУһڹƣԵޱȣȻԶȥҲɵһͷƤĸоʶе궼ɵúݺݲһ¡
ڹ⣬ʹӵײǵڹһģһ˵¡
˵Ѫʯڵڹ⣬ֱǴӵײڹĻ𾫻
ѪʯȻڹ⣬֮ǰڱڹģ
ԶѪʯ
ʱԶԶĿѪʯǵȻڹ⣬оһѪʯըֻڹȻͷҲ˲䱻ɵ
ѪʯʲôȻܰסǵȻڹ鿪ǡ
Щľ
ѪʯȭͷСԶԶĿţвɵøֳһ貾â
ǵȻڹ⣬ԽѪʯȡߣǾһڳɱ
վԭأ֯Զץһֻ񣬽жһֽ֮ѪʯԱߡ
ѪʯǵȻڹ⣬뽫֮ȡߣֵڹΪϢͻȻȻçײԴϢķ̽һ
񱻽жѪʯԱһҲܶһ۱ʮȥ
ʱһнԵúǿѪʯڵĻڹûһ˿һ춯
û⣡
лһĨâѪʯõ£ܾԵİסǵȻڹ⡣
ԶԶĿȭͷСѪʯԭֶ˰ΣһСĳǸطȥֱȥʮȭͷСѪʯԱߡ


1298 ڤʧɫ
ȭͷСѪʯԱߣڵһʱоһͻأǱһֻεĴָסһ㣬ʶе궼ɵþȶ
ļ£Ѫʯ̫£
Ѫʯڵڹ΢΢Ծͬڻ棬ܴݻ
һС֣ץסȭͷѪʯ

һ죬ֱ۵ѿˣѪˮһƵ
̹ǵʹת۴ȫ
ļ£ѪʯڹȻΪѪʯİ޷ȴɾ߱µֻѪʯۼֻǱǿʼѡ
ҧɫ⽻֯ۻΪȫתޣ޾ƽ֯һȦһȦѪʯΧˣֱڲͣѣѪˮͣʳֻǹѵĳ̶ȱһʼһЩѡ
ʹɵü٣ѪʯеĻҪʮ
ٶСĶ٣޾Ʋƣɿץ뵽ʯڡ
ֱʱǸоһЩһͷѾɵƬ亹
³һ⿪ԱߵķĽ֮ߣվ
ˣˡ

ƫͷ۲ԶǷӣֱת뿪һαʧԭء

⳾ڤʥ
棬ˣ桢桢桢桢桢桢桢ʮʮһ棬λڣǣǵĻƣղţȫȫϨˡ
ֵڤʥһޱƽ𾳲εڤڤʥĵ۵ڣսսſ
ڤʥĻöڤĻƣֻҪЩ˻ţϨ𣬿ɾڸղţ֮ڣоŸĻͻأѿˣƻֱϨţǾˡȫˡ
ʲô
ڤʥⷽĵ۵ڣֲϢʱƵš
۵һǰޱƽ𾳲εڤķ顣

뿪ڵǷĴɽת뿪˺Զ
ɫӿ̫ľ̫תʱ򣬾ָ۷״̬
ˣ
̧֣˺ѿգʧ
һ̣ƽԭǧɵλá
ɱ
ƽԭɽ˺ѪˮȾ˵رʬǶСɽĿġ
طʿڳ棬ͥɱڷսϽȾŴĿѪˮ
ƶĿ⣬˵ںƵϦŮʶӿ˹ѣ
䣡
䣡
ϣ˵ܺƵϢ硣
̧ͷϾС̫ۺͺڼ׵ڤսռžϷѹͺڼɫ̫նɫ⽻֯ڲϵÿһ䣬ޱŨơ
÷ֳʤˡ
н֯ƹ⣬챦߱ɹȡֱӼȫ۳֧ɱݵĳֱĳڤͺڼȥ
֧ɱǿʢ˫ٶȿ쵽㣬ͬͷ̫𣬽ֻһգ۱ڤͺڼǰ
ͺڼ𵱼һҪܣΪڱϾС̫ѹŴѾ˼صˣս۷ʱɣʱҲܲ
ۣ
ۣ
֧ɱǿޱȣĴ챦˹ᴩ
Ѫˮա
˭
ͺڼֻɱǿȴ˲ǣ˿̣ܴأԶ۷״̬㱻ˣʹǼŭ
ϾС̫ǶоϤϢƫͷƽԭ⿴ȥ
߽һ¶ϲɫ
䣡
ǿӳƽԭɫâƵֻص졣
̼䣬ƽԭϣʿ󾪡
ɵۣ
ȴ̵һ
ͥһɱɽ˷ܣǵһڤŴǿߣǣڤɱߵİٷ֮ʮϵս񣬰ȻĻˡ
ͷӢ۵ʱͣսƫͷȥжǸֳâ
磡
Ϧɵú
˷ܣקһצӣȻȻˣҲ˵
ǣڤŸҪʲôϾۿ첼µĴɱ֣ǣ߾Ÿڤ»֣Զ
⣬ɫâƵǿֻصɢʮƵƽԭ
ڤͺڼ죬Բɵһһɲ֮С
Ǿأ
ȵ
߱ɹƽԭϢøǿ
ȻҰȻĻص˵Ǿ˽ΣȻȫ˵
Ц
ͺڼǲɵһͫʶɵþһζ
㡭ɱǣڼ絶ȴЩⲻܣ
죬ԸĻ첻ۻѣǿֻ壬Ҳ˲𼶴ڣοɱǣǾûǺ׷ɱֻ壬ô»صطΪҪǣʱһӦĲǾ˵Ϣˡ
ţҲҴʴʣѹ㣬
ȵ
һϢƵ˱ֲϢӲϳѹȥ
Ҫѹ˭
Į
וּһϾ鶯֣ɫ̫նѹ£۵һᴩѪˮٴ
Ůˣ
Ͼ飬Ѫɫ׿
Ͼߣ̫նһչɱƵͬһƬɫǺѹԷ
ѽ
һߣС̫ɫ鲼˸졣
Ϊ찲ȻصСһԺܸˣʱɫһʼǿЩˣڤڼϵÿһƬռ䡣
۵һڼ޿ɱܣķ顣

۳ŭĶС̫ΪȶԷߣ߳ĸԶȴǸסԷʼնڱѹŴ
ӿִһӿ񷶼ı̮ˡ
ƣɺܿ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ڼǼǿսɱͨɱ֡



һıѣĲΪ֮ɫ
ӳƽԭŲϣֱ㣬ͬǺӰٳ챦߱ɹϻ۳֧ǿĴɱ
Сϣ̫˽ǣ
ȵ
䣬ɿң֧ɱɳֱĳͺڼȥ
ϾС̫Ϣ
䣡
䣡
ɫ̫նĹŻɽɫʥâͬʱƵ֮ǰǿ֧ɱɱͺڼ
ͬһʱ䣬ͥһɱǿ߸ڴ˿ק˫ȭսԱǡ
ɵۻع飬նʤǣ
ɱ
׹еˣ
һʿ


1299 ȫ
ǣڤŸǿߣȻĻع飬ͥһɱɽ̵ǿ߶ԣһ޴Ĺ裬Ȼ찲ȻĻǾ˵ڤǾŸǿȫնˣҲԿڣƽǾ˵ʹͥһɱɽʿսԱǡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һʿ˱Ѿƣʱɱǿܡ
˳ʶ챦֮֮Ƶڴ˿̴
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һʱ䣬ѪˮһըƬڤʿ顣
սǿߣµܺƵʮ֯ÿһ䡣
ҵģȻڲϵ档
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
߱ɹɱɿıƽͺڼ
ڤʵǿǿܶ࣬ڱϾС̫ѹŴش£Ĵɱв˵ǡ
һӦϾС̫һӦĴɱñһʼǱѪˮϽ俪ŭתۼ䱻λ

ŭܱǣɫڤ嫺ȫ
ʱ¡¡ģطĲ񷲻̮
ɫܳطÿһ䣬˴ʱڤ񣬿ʼƴˣɱ·Ҫһ˺ѡ
תۼ䣬͵촫طڿʼ𣬳ܿɲ
ԶԶĿˣһ߱ɹ̫ľתޣɫⱩǡֻͼʹںϣֻͼ
ˣ
ֻͼ⻯죬ΪǿĹɱֶΣֱӭ˺Ƶȥ
£Ĵֻͼвͺڼ𣬵ȴǿԸѹΪʱ˼صˣսѾɡ
ϾС̫н֯ƹ⣺Сϣ̫һʤ
ϾС̫ԣ⣬ɫâɫ뱩ǡ
̫ն񣡡
Ͼ
וּһһޱ貵â֯âʼһֱɢױȵĿֲϢܵĴĲҪ顣
һߣС̫һ˫ɫƵ⾶ֱֳɻˡȸִ˵е飬𳤿գҪһжѹ
Ҳʱͺڼ˺嫵ĵâͿֲͨɱ
ãã񷣬ֱӱ

һ
ɱ⣬ʮ
Ҳһ̣Ͼ̫ɱС̫Ĵػһѹ˹Ĵֻͼѹ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫ͺڼĵâɱ⣬һƵıѹ顣
̫ɱ⡢ɻȸĴػʹֻͼںһ𣬻һµɱڤͺڼС
ͺڼ𾪿֣ٳзҳԶߣҪɱĺȻȴǸãֶξҲ벻ɱ⺣

˴Уһ̱ѹķ顣
Ͼ飬С̫ǿսںϣһڤ֮ûĻᣬ𣬴Ƭؼ䳹
һ̣ΨѪԲ¡
棡
ڤһʿУһ¶֮ɫ
طǰһ棬նɱ
ͬһʱ䣬طЩڤʿһŸ׷ɱ찲ȻĻصǾѾȫЩ˱øӾ֡
ܣô
һڤʿɪɪ
һǿɱߣҪ壬ū壬һͳʮǶʮһ棬ȴȻնˣƬϡ
ڤԣֱһجΣ
ģᣡ
һڤʿսеŵŵɵĺˣɫò԰ޱȡ
طƬڤʿս˲͹ȡ
񷣬ʱС̫Ͼ۵һڲ·
λڤɱʮһȫһսȻʤɱ
·ս
֯Ƭսÿһ䣬ʹͥһɱɽʿøӼսٴαǡ
ʤ
ɱ
У
ʿ
ڤԣʱͥһɱɽʿǿʢ˼㣬һĶԱȡǿʢս֮£ͥһɱɽ̵ǿߴսƺ۷ʱҪǿ˼֣ɱѹڤʿ

ҽڻصһڤʿϱնɱѪʮ
ڲ񷣬ʱٴȡ߱ɹƬսϵڤļޱƽ𾳵ͼǿۻʣȺ󿪹ʮ֧µĴɱֱĳͬʮͷŭɱ£ɱǿ
ս޵Уɱޱƽ𼶵Ҳʲô˿̼ɱµ˶ȫǾɱ
һʱ䣬۵ģֻת۶ԣƬսϵļޱƽεڤͼǿڤۻᴩ
һĻʹͥһɱɽʿսٴαǣһͬǿʵĽɱ㣬ɱС
طڤʿȴһɫ԰ף̲סɪɪĲսøӵĵԣԶͥɱǿ߶࣬սȴȫǳһ浹״̬ڤʿնɱڵء
ˬ
ɱ
ն⣡
桢ʥԼʵ̫ϳϵȵھĶĵۻʣʱЦ
ȶĵۻʣһʼǶ֪ڤ壬֪ʷ֪޾ǰڤɱһΣһΣߵܴ޾ɽӽݣǵʱļǿӡס⳾ͨߵͨǱסߵ硣
ʱ޾£ڤҰĲģѰµͨٴɱߣͼһͳʮū壬һΣȴ޾ǰžԵĲֻǶ̶ʱʱ䣬ڤڶʮһ䣬ޱƽ𾳵ļʮǿĵۻʸŲƬڤʿնɱƽԭϣʱһ¶֣ɪɪսֺȻ棬Ǿúܽ
ɵۣƯ
Ⱥ
Ư
˸Ŵ𣬸Ц
Ƕڤɱ룬һεսܹˣܹ޾ǰȻͬȫΪһǰڤ彫ɱ¸֪Ṇ̀˿ʼ׼սʹǶһս˸ȫĹ滮ΪһǣڤľŸǿ߲ҽ˽ᣬǲܱʤ
ʤߵ磬졣
ˬ
ŴЦ
ڲϿųƽԭϵɱڤʿѾɾ
³һкϾС̫²񷣬ƽԭϵԷ⳾򿪵ͨߵѷԣ׼ѷס
Ϊڤ廹ǿ߾ڷ⳾ңһѾǴͷɱսֿܻᱻֱŤתҪڷ⳾ڡ


1300 Ѫʯӡ
Է⳾ͨͨߵʱѳΪԲΣֱԼʮңܱ߻һɫڤǴӷ⳾ƮʹÿռܱߵĿЩ䣬¶½˲١
ϾС̫ڤ廹ǿ߾ڷ⳾¸֪ϾС̫ǵʹһ£סǼ϶ڷ⳾֮ڡ
ɱڤ׷ȥľŸصϾС̫ͺڼķ˲٣ʱҪʩչ¿ռ㣬ҪϾС̫
ĻϾ鶯ݣȻΪڤڷ⳾ǿ߶Ҫǣͷǵȼˣǳ¡Ҫʩ΢΢üǰܼ̣ͨӦͨͨڿӡƣһ޷סҲ޷ƻ⡭ҲھŶε˲ܷӡƻ
֪ͷûھŶεˣ
˵ţнܼ֯ƣ΢΢һΣ֮ǰȡѪʯȡ˳
ѪʯıƣȻˣȴҲܹڲɫڹ⣬һ˵Ϣ֯ʹƽԭϵʿǲĪ£ܽϾС̫ɫ
ǣ
Ͼ鶶һ£ÿĶͷ亹ð˳
ԱߣС̫ǻëɵõ
ѽ
СһԲ鶯˫ۣϳѪʯеǵڹ⣬Ĵ˸
һֵǴӣоӵײڹֲ˷ָ

һ죬ֿʼˣѪʯڹ޾ƽ֯⣬ɳѪʯĵۼֻȴҲɳܲˡ
ѪʯϾС̫ٵǵȸңһЩ
ѪʯֱڲϱѣѪˮͣʳ֧Ų̫á
ã
ϾʱûԥɫӿƺƵĳӿȥ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ɫ֯ʥҲӿڡ
΢𣬵һʱоʱİ
һн֯ƹ⣬һ˦ֽѪʯǰĿռ˫۲ɼٶȷɿӡϾС̫תһʱƽ֯
Щÿһ̫һ㣬һ˿ٲƵȭͷСѪʯ֮ϣѪʯȹڿռ֮ڣһû뵽ռ֮ڣƼڷɿĽݻ
ˣ
ɿӡУƹ貣ֱֱĶǰͼ
ͬϾԣǰͨǳ̣ھŶε˲пӡƻͨһʼ򿪵ʱͲˣһʼûȥӡƻΪǵ
ڲһˣӴõֲ̿ڹѪʯԷǳĸоѪʯӰͨȶԣѪʯڿռУ֮ͨȶԺֻۻʼΪǿԽͨӡ
ˣ
ӡٶȱøӿ죬ޱƻۣܿ칹һž޴ͼ
ͼ֯貵ƹ⣬סռѪʯȹġ
ˣ
ͣ½ӡ³һ
̷ǳ죬ķѵȴǷǳˣϾС̫ڵǱķ˸һɶ
Ͼ鿴ǰʩµͼ˶٣üⷽͼǿȷʵǷסͨȴƺֻµˡ⳾ڵڤ廹ȼ׾ٵƿⷽͼ
ͷȷʵϵ˶֣ȷԺܼ򵥵ƿⷽͼ˵ţŵƿⷽͼͬʱǶͼĵѪʯҲ֮һը
⻰һϾʱɫС̫Ҳǲɵö¡
ģ
Ͼʵ
ǿĸоѪʯ̺ǵɫڹĿ£һըȻߵͷˣҲԻһ˲㱻ɵ
ġ
ͷ
Ͼ鲻ɵõһЦɷǿɰҼҸˣ棡
䣡
ͻȻֲڤϢӿռһ߽֯𼶲ΣǳǿᣬеһϢµЩˣǿվǱߵ


1301 ô
ǿϯԿռ֮ķ⳾ӿͬɱӿϢļ£ʹĳƽԭⷽսʿɫ
졢ϾС̫ҲǶݣüſռڣһ̶ѣӰһˣ֯ϢǳˡΪ׵ˣһ˫·ңԶĺһ㣬ǳˡ
ʣµ𣬾Ȼôȫ˳
΢΢һЦ
ãʱյĺǡѪʯڤ򿪵Ŀռסˡ
Ѫʯǰڴ˿ڤ˿Ҳ⡣
𡣡
Ͼ鶢ſռһߵˣĿΪ׵ϣһ
ͷ
ˣлһĨâȻо˵ǿ󣬲ȴǲû˿ɵı顣
С̫һߣ˵ۡ
ռһƬͼѪʯ֮£ͼĻȴǿԿõʱ򣬳ڤǿĺ
䣡
ϢƵͼ֮󣬷⳾ڣڤǿߵӰԶڤͬ嫺
棡棡ʮ棡ʮ棡ʮ棡
ǣ
̫ˣ潫ɱǱʤ
ƽԭϣһڤʿһ̶ü
ЩڤʿǷǳԼһĴжǿ󣬴ͷ֮ڰ˶εҪǿһ֮ͿԺһУ޵С
ǣ
һ廹𣿣
ôᣡ
ǿȴǱɫǲɵò¡
վһսڤɱߵʮһʤƽѾбǣڤ徹Ȼǿ֣߳ʹǿ߽ɫѿٿսֱֽӱı䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ϦҲǱɫΪһĻס
Ȼ𣿣
ҧ
¡¡
ռ֮𼶵ڤڤԶٶȺܿ졣
˱ط⳾򣬿֮ǰӵһڤɱڤȾŸϨ𣬸ʧɫһʱ䶼סˣȫɱһߡ
䣡
ǿϢ֯һ̶ѣգͼ֮
˫ӣЩɭпᡣ
ǣ
ƽԭϣڤһʿĴУڵȴڤɱߡ
ǣ͵ǣȫ
ڤİ벽ۻʿǿ

ɱ׹ȫ
ʮ򣬽Ϊڤһͳ
һڤʿȡ
һ˲ѣսõԵڤʿʱ򣬶Ǳ˷һɭȻĶʿͬڿһ߾ʬһ㣬սڱǡ
ǿɫԵѿ˶ǲɵקȭͷ
ﬣ
̶Ƶռԣ챳һڤʿ֣콣â֯ͬһڤʿȺУʱըһƬһƬѪ
ոջڽȺһڤǿߣ벽ۻʣʱȫ
ʹһ𣬽ƫͷ죬һֶ¶â
ʱڤǿĴ֣ĸڤ𼴽ɱǶǲɵĲˣȴǿƣŽڤʿһֱۣӻӽնɱżɱߵڤնɱʵǺǿơ
Уʱûһ˿һļɵǣ
ɵۣ

ڤһʿɫúѿ˶ɭȻĿ졣
а벽ۻʺϣ潫
ﬣ
̶˵Ļ챳˻֣콣ɨնɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ܼĽݺᣬߣ콣ƽԭ޲Ķڤÿһʿ֣գۼһƬƬѪ

ģһɱ㣡
ŵ࣡
ƽԭϣһڤʿҽкŭȴһһն顣
ռһˣڤ˵Ŀޱȣ̹Ǳ䡣
˴ʱס졣
ֻ壡
ڤ
һߵһֻ£Ȼ֪ˣ֪ڷ⳾ڴֹһʱ죬кɫ⣬ڤɱߵ磬ҪһͳʮҪһĿģѹֻ壬ȡֻرԴһȡֻرԴֻҪһС֣ͻƵ߲Ρ
ͬһʱ䣬ʱûԼһļǿߵĻϨ£Ϊ쵱նɱһ˶Ŀ䣬Ϣӿֱ̧֣ץ첼ڿռڵͼڤϢӿ
棡
棬һҪɱȫ
ӵ࣬ΪһͼܷסĽŲ𣿣Ϊǣ
ƽԭϣһڤʿһıޱȵı
ǶڿռڵͼҲܸоⷽͼǿ󣬵ʱȴһмŷ̡ͼôܵסڤǿĴ棿һĴ棬Ѿߵͷľ
ɫ£˽
𣡡
׼ս
ҲһܣҪǸۣ
ҧ
Ƭǿߣקȭͷ׼ڤ弴ɱߵڤˡ
¡¡
ռڣͼڤֽ֯޾ڤһֱ䵽ͼϣֻرԴʮ򣬽ΪУֻ
ڤ䣬ĮһУһȴǺݺһĻֹס׻ŵŵɵĺʮԶ
棡
ԱߣĸڤǶݡ
ͬʱƽԭϣһڤʿ󾪡
棡
˲ɵýгһǿĴڣߵͷˣһ̾ȻڿռڵǷͼһ˲䱻ĵʮ
˶ǶݣǶܸоڤĿ£񾭣ڤһ˲˺ͼɱߵ׼ʱǰһĻȴǽһ㶡Ǹǿµڤ棬Ȼ첼µͼһ˲䣬˵ŵŵɵĺˣͬ˻׵ĺһ㡣
⡭
˽Ծ
ռڣͼ֮ڤסΣͷϲɵ亹£ͫʾҵĶͼͼĵǿѪɫʯͷ
⡭ǣ
ͫ׽΢Щ
ڸղţĴͼʱ׼˺ⷽͼһ˲䣬ͼĴѪʯһ£̼оһɿֲϢڤڤУģ䣬ƺһͷ޳˹Ҫһڽ븹С
ָо̫ˣߵͷҲоһ־壬궼ڷң˼Ѻۡ
ƽԭʼպƽʱЦô𣿡


1302 һ֣ɱ
Ц³ô⼸֣һͷ̣ʹͼڤʱһɫı
棬ôˣ
ڤĸǿɻ󣬲ԣ˳ڤĿͼĿͼĵǿѪʯϣǿͬһʱɨӶ
һ̣˽Ǻݺһ
⡭ǣ
̲ס亹ֱ궼Ǿ£ˡ
ǿѪʯѪʯģһڹԾܹһ㣬ֻɨһ£һҪĸо
⣬⡭
΢
Ƕǿߣ˺ܾãľܸһԲ¶̫񣬿ֻȭͷСѪʯǵúܾңһͫʶɵþֻоѪʯڵڹް㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ƽԭϣҲɻ󣬽ɨռڵͼӡµͼΪλǿ߶Ϊ֮㤡
ܿ죬һ˵ǴͼĵǿѪʯһ
ǣ
һǿļ£̲סһ亹˲佫մʪˡ
⣬ⶫ
ɵ۲ģ⡭
ɵѰģֱǡ֮Դ
𾪡
ʱҲǿȭͷСѪʯѪʯеɫڹ⣬һ˫۾ʱ@#£˿ҺǣĶǲǡǴӵײڹ𣿲Щڹ£⣬СӣӴõȶ𣿣ֱǡ
С̫ʶӵĿ£ӵײǵڹ⣬һУ˿̿첼ڿռڵѪʯѪʯڵǵڹ⣬Ȼǵһʱ˳Ǳɫ
һߣӢۺҲݣȻоѪʯĿ־塣
һѰⶫ
ͼǿһһȡ
Ϧӣܡܿ£
ռڣͼһˣڤǿߣʱɫѿͼĵѪʯеļɵޱԣܿ־塣
ģʲô
ڤ涢죬ޱɭͬ쵶һ㣬Ҫɡ
˵⻰ʱִͼĵǿѪʯ̲סǲ¡
ȭͷѪʯΥĸо˿־壬ңǰδеĿ־塣
ԣҽʲôûҪ㡣

ڤӸɭ÷ӡǿ
Զ׼¡
ǳƽʹڤĿɭ˼֡
ãһĽŲ
ڤ溮Ŀ⣬ͬɱһ㣬Ļꡣ
ͷĿѹɢʹôڸҡ
Ϣǿ
㣿ЦԿƻƻķӡͼҸұ֤һúܴ̼
㣡
ڤɫʱһƬ࣬ѿǳ
ʵϣΪοܿƻѪʯʲôĺԻ˲佫ɵͻ𣬲ܻ֡ƻµͼҲʹѪʯը˳һƵһ˶ǲѪʯϣƻһƣѪʯֱ飬һὫ֮ɡ
һ棬ͼǳǿᣬﵽ𾳽磬޷֮ƿ⳾ڣֻĸƻͼǣҪӷ⳾ɱҪʧһǿ߲С
ȴۣʵ̫ˣ
û˵ˣ
Ц
ĸ£ϵĽ콣âƵֱĳųƽԭϵһڤʿȥ
ʱ䣬ⷽƽԭϣһڤʿѣըѪˮƮڿС

ǣ
ǰ
һڤʿҽС
ռڣͼ֮ڤǿߵĿʱޱȴ̹ǣ쾹Ȼ㵱ǵ濪ʼɱǵˡ
࣡
ڤ絶̾˵ɱ⣬ǿϢĿռһĻζƺһ̾Ҫ̮ǵǿϢη
о˵Ŀ£оŶԷɱ⣬ɵññɫȴǺޱ仯˿ɵ
ӭŶԷͫ׺ʹ̹ɱ⣬Цһ콣⸡ֶһ콣꣬ųƽԭϵڤʿնȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ͥһɱɽǿ߿ڣƵƽԭλö룬⣬üɵһ֣ɱ


1303 Ծɱ
ƽƽԭʹͥڽǿ߽һ
һǿߣĿⶼǽ
ۻûɱߣⳡսҪ
ɵɱУ
ɱ
Ⱥ
ֻɲǼ䣬ƽԭϣͥڽǿٴζһɹǿܻʣƺƵڤһʿתۼ佦һƬƬѪҺ
ҽҰĲȫˣ
ͥ׼۴
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ͥһɱɽǿ߸ͺХսøǿҡ
һʱ䣬ɱƵս

ڤⷽƽԭϵʿǳ࣬ͥڽǿ߼Ҫ಻٣ʱȴ⡣
סռڤͻȻֳֵǿߣҵɱڤʿ򶨺ǿƸͥڽǿ߸Ĺ裬ǿҵսڤһʿĲ

ǣ

ڤǿ߲ҽУȡ
ﬣ
̶ռǰĮĿͼڤˣ콣â֣һƬųƽԭϵڤʿնȥ
֮޵еĴڣն콣âȻǿȻͨĵۻҲֵˣгƬڤʿըѪˮ䣬Ŀġ

ڤĲҽ쳹ա
ռڣͼ֮ڤ˵ʱøӵ
࣡
˶죬ͬ쵶ɱӾˡ
ǵǰһһɱһеģǰ졣
һ̣죬Ǻ޲̽
¾Ҫб¾ľ򡣡ڤͱɱ⣬һҲ⣬ЦҰģȡ
ѽ
С̫ӦĻ
ڤ˵ſռڵͼͼĵѪʯǲɵȭͷ
ڤɨ۳ƽԭϱɱڤʿ漴Ŀϣʮһ
˳ⳡսٲȻģ֮ǰڷ⳾ʱоŸĻ飬طͼߵ磬ҲûпټоϢʱֱӿں졣
£
Ȼ֪ڤеġʮһˡָڤ֮ǰڤʿʮһǿߣʱŶԷǴһ˿˿Ц
̬ȣϵЦڤʱɫ
⡭
ˡٴοڣ˵Ļн֯һƵƹ⣬һͼſռڴȥеֱɱûе͹ǵڤʥȥ𾳽ʱԵݻǡ
ˣ
֯µͼ۷ƣ뵽ռ֮ڣɲڿռڵǷѪʯⲨӰ죬ֱӽڤ˸￴ͼһߣͼһߣҲһߡ
ɱ
һУתսٴγͥڽǿߴ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ͥڽǿӦսøǿ
һʱ䣬⽣âȭӰȽ֯ʮǿһһڤʿ

ռͼһߡ
ڤ˵ҰˣΪѪʯǰȻǵΪʱҲһߵ硣

ҧ
ʮһˣĶ
һĵʮҧ
ڤʥʱǽӵ뿪⳾ʮһǿߣо˵ĻˣȻԤʾǾѾ䣬һŭɱʮһˣһҲûȴǾˣ˵ϢҲȫо뵽˵¡ʱ¶ЦȻѾǲԶ
ʮһˣȫˣ
ˣɫѿ

ڤҧĶǰͼĴѪʯ
ûѪʯǰһ̿ȥֱӽ˺
ǣΪѪʯվûκΰ취

ڤɱ졣

䣡
ƽԭϣ⽻֯ɱ졣
۵ģѪϽһڤʿ̲
ǣ
һڤʿҽС
ղţڤ˳֣һڤǿ߸üɨǿߣԼһ޵д֣һɺɨУһУڤʿսǡЩڤʿٴαþ֣֮ǰ֣ɱǿĸ棬һߡ
ôܰ
һڤʿ巢
ڤ˳ֺǳŤתսֵģڤȴǱһ޷ǵֱˣ֮ǰս˲ϨұñһʼתۼǱ̵ǿ߸ɱһƬ
ɱ
׹ȺУ
ȫɵ
ͥڽǿȡ
ˣսȣ
쿴Ƭսͥڽǿ߷ɱУŰͷӢ۵һڤǿߣϦͼŮ⣬ǲɵտտâ֯طڤİܾ֣Ѿע
Ͼ飬ھƬ򣬻żޱƽ𾳲εڤǿߣСϣǣҺС̫ȥ漸򡣡
ڤгǧʿɱߣʮһ죬ʮޱƽ𾳵ڤһǿߣս鲼һ򵽵ھʮһѾȫƬƽԭϵޱƽεڤҲھƬ˲ȴޱƽ𾳵ڤŰսУֻϾС̫ɱȲεǿߡ
áϾͷСġ
䣬һЦһʧԭأȻȥ˵ھط
쿴Ƭƽԭеâ
Сһȥ漸򡣡
С̫
СһӦͷϡ
Ƭƽԭɨһڲ£ɨǿߣɨѣֱ˺ϣС̫Уûɫ֮С
һ̣ĺڰʧǰâ֣С̫ڵڰڡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵Ƭｻ֯һͥɱɽӰԡѪɱһ飬ʩչԴµĺϻ˺һڤǿߡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƬڷɱУսԺǿҡ
һƬƬѪڷɽһڤʿ˺顣
Ȼͬһʱ䣬ƬȴҲʿѪˮȾƬء
վϣźԶһСӣûʿȫͨˣһȺڤʿɱСУһŹȵ˻ûӦǱһڤʿһķ飬ѪˮĽ
е̹Ǻ⣬ֻص콣âգ۸֣ն˹ȥ˲佫СȺڤʿķ顣
ɵ⡭ǣ
ɵ۴˵Ϣ
ɵ۴ɱˣ
ĵǿʢɱƬڵͥɽиУԱü


1304 Ƕ
оĵڰڣһԡѪɱͥսǸ
ɵ۴ˣֵǣɱ
ɱ
ͥɵۣƽһУ
Ƭڣͥս
ͬһʱ䣬ڰڵǿҲоĵЩվڲϵ죬ʱҲǲɵü
֪һǿߣΪ֮ͥһѹڰң˫ɱƬʹǽԲɵøоһİսɵñǡ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ʿսɱҲɵǿ˼֡
ϣҰԿԶͥڽƬǿѪսڤһǿߣƬɽн֯žâ
䣡
ʱƬԶһڣǿӿڤϢǳˡ
ƫͷȥлһĨâڤ
ڤǸһ˹ȥ
һ̣һƬɽ⡣
ȥǰɽѪˮ磬ʬǲ٣һߴӰڤӿɱƷУͬǱһڡ
ǣΪɱסֻƬ̣Ĩɱȫ
ɱеӰĿ飬Ϊڤһޱƽ𾳵
ڤӿǿʹϵɱƴڱ߽⡣
ȵǳ£
⣡ɵ۴ѽƬ㲻ʲôɵ۴˱ն㣡
ɽڣһ׼ҧ
ȾѪҲѪɫȴޱȼᶨ˿޾壬һǿɽ֧ǿɱɱƱ鲼ɱܾˡ
ɱΪɱǵӡͥ׼۵õɱ̨һͥǿߺ߶⼸ɱ󣬽ڤɱƬڤУʱԷƬɽ֮С
䣡
⼸ɱ󲢲ȴǺǿ׺ɱۻʾĴڣʱܹɱһ֯鲼ʮɱͨ嫺㡣
ɱȻܿ£ȴɱޱƽ𾳵ڤֻʱסѡ
һȺϣ
ڤɭڤøŨʮɱҡ
һ̣͵ɱڤ顣
壬Ҳ뱾ΪУ׹ǣ
ɭ
¡¡ģ⣬ڤƵĳͥڽûȥ
ɲɱˣ
Ҳʱוּһɽ⣬һɫâǿֱӽڤɱͥڽڤȫ顣
˭
ֵڤɫɫâնķȥ
ͬһʱ䣬طͥһǿҲƫͷȥ󣬽ǲɵһϲһޱϤӰ졣
ɵ۴ˣ
һͥǿ߽Ǳüؼʱǵɱ˹
ӴɽͥһǿߣĲ
ЩͥɱɽǽڤƬԻдƬƻʿϾޱƽεˣǳ¡
ЩɱɽˣЩˣһӣƬɫ¡
ǵۻʼ⣬ͥһɱɽϣתκǵơ
лɵ۴ˣ
һɱɽ
һ˵ͷ漴ϵڤŶԷȥ
㣡ֻ壡
죬ڤҧкâ֯
һɱߣҪһͳʮҪѹֻرԴȻ֪죬֪쵱ڷ⳾һϵ£ٵķ޾ڵһͨߵĹ·ЯۻٽڤһֵļȮ
ٵ·Ϊ޷ɱˣܿЦ˿Цڿ·ͬʱļλһλԶ֣ͨһͨ㵱ٵ·ֻͽͶѣû˿á
˿죬дһӷ̡
쿴ˣû˿ŲһΣһ̳ǰ
˶ʱһ䣬Ϊٶ㡭
ž
ֱ̧֣Ӿһ˵ϣ֮ɳȥԶ
ڤпѪסΣٴο죬־ŭ
ǣΪޱƽΣΪ࣬ɸղȴǸûпĶŭǣ쾹Ȼʵܡ
ŭ죬ɱ⣺á
ž
˵ĻϢĳǰһǶ⡣
ڤٴκɣһιȥǧԶݶ˼ţѪˮƮڿУԵúܴĿ
ǿɵ۴˺ǿ
ⷽɽ䣬һɱɽһǲɵקȭͷ
һޱƽ𾳲εˣ֮ǰԴȴǵ⣬ͬ߹һ㣬ʹЩɱɽԺܼ

ϣǧ⣬ɳȥڤ˻
࣡ɱ㣡
⣬ڤӱһƬһһƷ챦Ŀɱâʮ
һʱ䣬ģܵĿռ䣬̮
쿴ˣû˿ֻһٴγڶԷǰ
رתǿнԷ챦£̧һ⡣
žһޱȵڤǿһκɳȥǧԶдƬѪˮпȳƮⷽϡ
㣬㡭
ԶסΣŭþ֡ƣ챦ᣬޱȷŭȴҲ˶оĿ£ѹ
죬̲סˣڤֱӳԶȥ
оĿ£ʱһУֱѡ˶룬ȥ챦ˣֻűס
ಣ
ƿֻգ۶ѣ˳Զ
̧ͷ΢һӡ֮ӿֱĨе챦ڵı꣬ڴԼʶӡһ˦֣Ĩ˱챦ʱ䷢וּһ̶Хͬݵĳڤȥ
ۣ

Կرת챦ٶȿ켫ֻգۼ׷ڤ߳ȥԶڤش룬һҽʹöԷֱը
ŲһΣһɣԷըĵط̧𣬽֯һԷ׼ٴԶݵꡣ
ס
ۣ
ޱ飬ɲ飬ѹ£ֱӽ˵ѹķ顣

ǿ
ɽڣͥһɱɽ
վϣһɱɽȥƬطսƬʿһ𣬽Ƭڵڤȫն
ǣ
һɱɽӦȣż˷ܣƬط
һɱɽԶȥʧⷽɽڣƫͷС̫СһǷֹ㸺򡢵͵򣬻ɱƬдﵽ벽ۻϵڤ壬ȥ򡢵򡢵ڶ͵һ򡣡


1305 Ͼƹµɱ
ĻС̫Ӧһһѷ
ѽ
Сһֽ˫һû˺ѷʧȥ˵
쿴Сһ뿪ɨƬڰһΣҲ˺鿪ϣһĿռѷ죬ֱС
һ̣һƬɽһһܲס
򡣡

Ƭվڲϣһʱ˼ҵĺɱ䶼ǿҵܲڽ֯ͥһɱɽƬʿһƬڤʿս̱ǵѪζ֯Ƭÿһ䡣
ȥһ۱ǿƬս֣ȻǰһƬ֪ڤ彫ɱ룬ʹ׼ȻһǿͥɽǽƬսǣƬڵս֣ڤǴϷ
ʵΪڤǿ󣬽ƬУޱƽ𾳵Ĵڣ׼ϵҲʮۺս϶ԣƬǿ̫̫ࡣ
䣡
ϣңƬֱɢǿĵ
һ񷶼Ϊ֮
ǡɵ۴˵Ϣɵ۴ˣƬ򣿣
ƬڣһͥɽɲǼ֪ȵۻѹһǴϲ
ɵ۴ˣǱʤ
ɱ
նȺ壡
Ƭ򣬸֪ͥսһսǡ
Щͥսԣ֮ͥǵ֧
ϣۻѹɢۻʶһɢɨƬʮ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶Хϣ콣âֶǽһ㣬Ƭĸնȥٶȿľˣ硣
һ̣Ƭ䣬һѪըһڤǿ߱ն
ǣ
Сֵܣ
ԣӦóɵˣ
ƬڣɱеǿУм峤ϼǿ߿죬вɵ¶â
룬СֵɱУ
ɱ
ǿߺȵڤС
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
콣âһΪģƬڸһڤʿնɱ£תۼʹƬڵһڤʿɵ¶⡣
䣡
ɱӿڤ֯һߴӰƬϷ𣬳񷡣
һޱƽ𾳲εڤһڤʿ콣âնɱתƬʱֱӳ˳콣âϣǰ
㣡ֻ壡
ģڤʱɫһȻ֪ڡ
ƫͷˣʡȥʱ䡣
ƽֻһǰ
ڤʱһٶ𣺡㡭
ˣ
⽻֯û飬ֱӽֻͼ𣬺ƺƵѹˡ
ֻͼǿޱȣۻΪڤȻޱƽ𾳲ΣʱȴҲǸֵˣתۼǱֻͼѹķ顣

ûɱˣڲٴչͬʱƬķɨ콣âһڤǿնɱ콣â֮¡
һۣСӹȥͣ
ˡ

Сӵʱ䣬ƬķǿʩΪն˾ƬĴϵڤʿ񻹾ƬڤʿУǿҲֻѣࡣ
ȲεսֻͥƬɱɽǣԺɨˣϾƬɱɽǣ׼ۼǿ죬ɽҲв٣һкϻ͵ۻʼͨ
ˣٶȽս
ԵۻʼΪƬڵһͥսǡ
ǣɵ۴ˣ
λɱ
սᵽ۷壬ٶ˽У
һͥս𣬸ս졣
վڲϣͥһɱɽͬĺûƬڵһڤǿߣź֮ƣԵ˵ͷ
һ̣˺ϣ뿪ƬתۼڵĲϡ
Ƭͬһ㣬ɱңѪζʮ㡣
ûʲôԥƬ󣬵һչƬġʢޡ͡ءն콣⣬һڤǿ߸ɱ
ֻ壿
ܿ죬ڽƬڤ죬лâƵǿĵۻѹֱӳɱȥ
ѹֻ壬һ´ָ
˳죬ĵʵʵ־ܣƤ֮
ﬣ
죬ֱӴ˵Ļ춯֣ԵۻΪʩչ콣һޱǿɱݻһͨ콣նռ䣬ֱӹüġ
۵һڤǿߵըͬҲһնķѡ
ʹ
ɨըĵطƬ򣬸ܼ콣âƬڵڤʿնɱͬʱǰ㣬Ĩɱ롣
úһɽڣ𻯵ŵͥǧ⡣
ȥ𻯵һаá
Եͷ
Ƭڤʿնɱ˴룬ʣµѾûʲôвƬڵͥսԺɨԷʱطֱ˺ϣԶ𻯵ţ漴ֱӿУʧԭء
һ̣ڵڶڣ޵֮ĨɱƬڵޱƽ𾳽ڤնɱڤǿߣȷϰ׼󣬴ͥƬһսս漴˺ϣ뵽һڡ
Ƭɢǿĵۻʼʱ΢в졣ƬڣûʲôɱңķΧڣжڤʿ
ңͥ뵽ƬڵһɱɽӰҲûп١
ü߶Ӿ˵ĵۻʼȫʩΪǿһ
һ̣ٴζݣһڷɽ¡
ȥɽ£ѪˮСӣһ߾ڤĲʬ鲼ѪζŨҵ㡣



ҽطвڤʿһڱͷܣޱȡ
У⣬ŵ⽣ݺᣬÿһǿֲ㣬һڤʿնɱǵȿµƣȻ춼оһͷƤ顣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһըطܼڤǿߣǳƬڤǿߵȫһھŵ⽣ĺն£ƬƬѣһһ
쿴һĻµĻ棬ͫ׶ɵý
ϼһµĶ
ھŵ⽣ϸоϾƹϢµˡ

ҽд̶һڤʿըֱֹȥʮﰲ
оڤʿȫ
ﬣ
ŵ⽣飬ΧŷתһȦ漴⻪һڵɽ֮ڣתۼʧӰ١


1306 ȫʤ
վڷ⣬žű⽣ûµɽڣɵһ
ű⽣̫ˣоȻͨһҲᵱ
ϼһȻʱ뿪ˣȴﲼ˲ٴֶΰ

˶٣ڣȥ
ɵ۴ˣ
ʦ֣
죿
һˣͥһɱɽз̫ϳϵˣվڷڿɽ£ʱ쿿Ǳ˿
ٶȺܿ죬ת۱ŷɽµĶʯ̨׵ٶϡ
μɵ۴ˣ
һɱɽ
Уһ׼ۼͥսǰµԭæش˵أǣǡľŵɱ̫ˣǷ
˵⻰ǿ׼ۺһͥսЩΡ֪һķڶ֮ͥشԽƬ󣬲ͥǿطڣ󲻶ãдڤʿɱ
ʱǲŸպͷһЩӳȥսڵɽڱǳŵɱɱƬڤǿߣܵҲ֪ôڤʿ֪ɱƬڵһڤǿһһĻ۵һޱƽ𾳲εˣҪһ̽ľ
ȻŵɱڤǿߣһǱű⽣һɱǸļµޱƽ𾳵ڤҲڿ˲Ǳնһ̯Ѫһ˿ûоڷɽ¡
һڤǿ߲ҺӶӲˣűɱգɱС
һͥսӲ˻˷ϣŷ̫ϳϵɵ㶵Ŀŷɽţžűɱݺᣬһڤʿɱ
治ɵ۴˵ĶʦڵţꡭȫǶˡ
׼Щ˼
һսսȴɵ㶵ڷϿһɱϷ
û£ƽͺá

˵Щͥսۻ˿Ǿűɱһ¡
졣
̫ϳ˹Ա߸ŷͷڼϡ
ǰ񣺡̫ϳϣǡ
úúá̫ϳЦ⣺ͥһЩ˵ˣڤɱߣ˲һ򵽵ھһֵ
˼ΪѾףȴ統ŴЦͬҵүүһ㡣
ʦֵĵӣ

Сӣܲ
Ϳǰݺļ
ȻΪһɵۣһѹڰң쳹ʮ򣬵ǷڵЩˣȴֻǵϾƹĵӣǷڵӡ
ǿС
ǫЦ
ڣ̫ϳԼ̸£֪ս֣漴뿪ͬʱϵͥսɨƬڵڤ
֮ȺȥĹȡ׹׻ʹ;丮ȵأطǿͥսػ˫ԶɽˣǰȻ
˿н֯âӵһϣ;ٵڶ򡢵򡢵򡢵򡢵򡢵͵ڰնɱ⼸ڸڤʿǻصھϣƽԭ
УС̫Ȼһʱһص˴˵ء
䣡
طɱڳΪڤһʿĵһƬսʼսطڤʿ࣬ʱ򻹲ɱ
ɨܣϦͼȼŮһɱУ챦ͷɨһСͷӢ۵˳ſ챦ڤʿ˿ɵͬһʱ䣬ΪۻǿߣޱǿһƳһС
ͬһʱ䣬ԶԶĿϾ飬Ѿص̫նƥ
һЦս콣һչᵵ˻ġ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
콣âһһѪըһڤʿĨɱ
ɵۣ
˿¶â漴ӳɱøǿ
ϦͼȼŮӣͷӢ۵ˣʱȻҲǷ»Ҳǻһƹ²ֻص±ǲȥҲ֪ض˲սȲʤȯ
ھڣϵڤ壬Ҷˡ
Ͼ鿴
İ˲ʱûжڤˣ󲿷ֶѾնɱ
Ͼ
ѽ
С̫գգۣĽ
ͬʱ֣ɱ鲼ƽԭ˽ȥ

ҽгϣѪһըڤⷽƽԭϵһһ
ʱ򣬾طЩڤʿУͨĵۻʼǿ߶ûˣοܵˣһͬǶһһһ˵ɱըѪˮͬһĽܣնȾһƬѪɫ
ܿ죬ӹȥⷽƽԭϣҽʧˣܱð
ڤ壬ȫն

һѪζ
ȥⷽĳƽԭʬѳɽѪˮ˺ӡ
Ŀģ
սˡ
̾
һ𣬺ܿ춼Աߡ
ϦͼŮӣˣҲʱ˹
սҲˣȴ

Ʈţڴɪ
һǿվطܿ죬һʱȥ
ʱԶƿͥһ׼ۼǿתۼط
ɵۣڵڤ壬ѱ𣡡
ǰͣ£
ã
лһĨâ
˲ɵȭһսսʤ
ݱ
˵
Ƭƽԭϣнâ㡣
ܿ죬һʱȥƿյͥ׼۳˵ء
ɵۣڵڤ壬𣡡
ɵۣڵڤ壬𣡡
ɵۣؽڣһڤ壡
׼ǰ
󣬲ûйȥãƿյٴа˸ͥ׼ٴγ
ɵۣڰڣڤ屻նɱ
նڤ壡
նڤ壡
նڤ壡
նڤ壡
նڤ壡
ڶնڤ壡
һնڤ壡
˸׼Ⱥ󿪿ڡ
ƮƬƽԭϿգףʹϵƲ㶼ɢȥ١
һʱ䣬ⷽƽԭǿߣ΢
ӮӮˡ
д૵
ʤˣ
˴
ʱطһͥսǿߣ˼̲סԴ
ʤˣʤˣ
նУغǵĽɽӣ
ǵĴУǧҵõı
ʿק˫֡


1307 ʬ
ʿڤɱⳡսʱ̣ܶǣʤˣ
ӮˣӮˣǵʤ
һЩʿ˷ܵѡ
н֯âһսˣڤͨߵͨ£Ѿߵڤʿȫն
˸⣬ƫͷڴʱ졣
ɵۣΣȫˣ
濴죬

ɵǰһ֪ҵڤ彫ɱ룬ɵһǣڤŴʯסǴռͥս鲼һ򵽵ھɱУⳡսǲʤ
ǰ
渽͡
Щ̵棬£˶Ƿ
ҵȴƬ͸ԵĴУлɵۺͥ

Щվһ𣬷ĵĵлΪһȷʵȫ졣
λĪˣվֱ壬ܹȡⳡʤλս£һһֹ֮סһ񰵵ЩңڻҪ
˵ţƬսرѪʬһ߾ߣдڤʬȴҲǿߵʬ壬ͥսʬ塣
ڤⳡսǵĵһҪǵսͥսǺһڴʿǵʬգԴذᡣ
ĿɨƬսһ߾ߵĲʬȻ֪ʲô֪˼ϵı飬ҲǲɵñЩȻ
ְλǸսĵӵʬѰظԽڰᡣ

ˣ
̾
£ǿ߽ԶƬսѰҸԴսʬͰҲͥսһԶ֣Ѱһ߾ȥͥսǵʬ塣ڤʿʬ壬һǿߵķǳһ£ֱɻҡ
ܿ죬ⷽƽԭرѾûʬΨѪˮȾ˵رسʮ֮࣬ضǿӿݣ洦ǲܲ
ط½Ǵݲ

ͷﾭĴս̫ңڵѾ׷飬иɱУ˵ڴݲѾǷǳصжˡ
λڴ˵طֱɣǸԻԼĴڣսͽ
˵
̵ͷ໥ֵ˼䣬Եͽ뿪
һʵһˣһΣȻǻɽпʱ䣬ɽ档
Ͼ
á˵ͰҲһµıչûܹţϾͥ档
ϾͷڰϦ˻ָǰѿŰʵһǿߣֱʧƬսϣȻǻص˶ʵ
쿴ϾͰ뿪طʮͥ׼ۣɽȥһ򵽵ھ򣬽ͥսӵʬҳ
ǣ
ʮͥ׼Ӧһͥɽһ򵽵ھ
תۣطֻʣ졢ϦͥһںĳԱͨͥӣʮͥ׼ȥѰսͥսǵʬˣţ̵ʱ¡
ǻͥ

ɫ⽻֯⣬Ϣѿһתʧڴ˵ء
һʱ䣬ĳƽԭϣһӰҲˣΨбصѪˮʡ

Ϧ˻صͥһۣʱȥ
ʱȥͥսɱɽʬģѰأľаͥĵĹڡһЩûܱʬģֻǰľڣͥĵĹ¹ڣ
ͥȻ촫·ǷĺϻǿĵۻʼͨⳡڤսУһǧŰս
սһʱսпġ
̾
սԤʾܴ
ΪػƬԹ
ͥ׼۳˵
طǳɽһͥڣһڵӶȥս˽ɫ¡
ͥӣطվһʱһɢȥ
졢Ϧѩҹȥͥһھһ
ܹѸٵȡʤĹŶΣȫŶ
쿴Ŷ
˵ʵŶڤ彫ɱߵ֣ʹǰסսɻһøս׼ⳡսǼܻܡ
ͷԴͬУȻⳡսΪڤŸͷסռʹⳡսʤƽƫǣףȷʵҪŮޡûŮ޵㣬־Ժܲ
ȷʵ
Ҳͷ
Ŷĺ
ϦŶֱ۵
εȷǿŶ


ꡢĸŮ˵
ʹŶЩ˼Ǳֻ˸̶ѡ
ǣֱ̣ⳡսķ򡣡

ģŶҪǫ顣
ѩҹ˵
ôѩҹǾŶһѾܡ
һطã£ֱȥһʱɢȥ
֮쵥Ϧͼǰʱ䣬ɵ
ڤɱǰսˣǴʤǣڤ廹ûǿߣͷĿ´ڣɴž޴в˵ٹãһҵµ·ӷ⳾ٴɱ뵽ˣΪӦԽܷĸ־棬þʵ𾳡
ɵϥ£̫ľתɫ⾶ֱ֯
ܿ죬ľﵽ۷״̬
Ҳʱ΢ʯȡһʬ
ʬܸߴ߳һɣ׳˶һ㣬֮ǰӴɱǸڤʱԷʱȡ׼ʥǿ׳Ϊ
ȡʬüķ⣬һƱԴûʬڣʱƿסʬƱԴΪʬתʥգۼ佻֯һƵʥƣ۳һҵʥͼ
ʥͼ֯ʬڵıԴ꽫ʥתĸ죬߶ʥͼʩΪʬѪеϢһ׼׼壬ӿڵÿһ䡣
ˣ
תۣŨĹԽ֮ϢɿѪ⡣
ڤǰΪ䵽һΣʬѪ̵Ϣȴδ̫࣬һ̣ʥϢ׼ԼͬһʱҲڱתʥǿʢϢ
һʱ䣬øŨɿΪҲ֮ǡ


1308 ׷
ʥͼͷıڤǿߵʬһסһƵϢԴԴϵĴڤʬӿӿڣÿһѪ⣬ʹľΪȣһٶ
ˣһۣһ¹ȥ
䣡
һ죬һɼΪǿʢܴɢĽɫͬˣɵȾһɫ
ۻʰ죡
а
û˫ۣɱţϸϸԼʱı仯ǿ˼֣ӻʶǿս֮ǰ˲١
ͬһʱ䣬֣ڱʬãһ˿Ѻ۶ûг֣ѪڵϢֻǱ˴Լҡ
ʹ첻ɵһӵۻۻʰ죬ȻֻʬĴԼҵ
һʼڰ˶εĴڣѪ̵̫ˣ
а
£Զ˶٣ʥתĸ죬ʬ
ˣ
ɫ⽻֯⣬øŨЩ
漴ľΪٴͬĵ򲨶Ҳűǿ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
䣡
һ죬ٴγǿĵӵۻʰﵽۻʾ졣
ǿ鲼Ƶɵɵúݺݻζһ£첻ɵ˫ֻۣоڵøӻʶø׳
ۻʾˡ

̶ĸµʱ䣬ӵۻ˵ۻʾ죡
Ƚƺˣ
һʬʱʬɷǳãѪڵľԼʣĳɡ
ǡ
Ծòٴθ̾𼶵ǿʵ̫ˣѪеȻôǿȻʮҲԶ޷ȡ
ٴԼƽ漴±˫ۣתʥ
ˣ
һʥ˸ڻưյʥͼ໥ϣԴԴϵھʬڵѪ⾫֮׼ı壬ʹľ񲻶
⣬ɫԽԽǿԽԽңϢͬǺӿ
֮ʱɿţһ˲š

ºһ죬ɵУʬһ죬һѺ۷ɿ측ֶͬ֩һ㳯ӡ
󣬵ֹȥʱ䣬ʬϣѺ۱鲼ÿһ䣬֧ţͬɳӶһ㿪ʼ̮
Ҳʱһʬڳ˲Ϣʶ
һ̣˫ۣâ
һʱ䣬ʥڤʬľǿ̫࣬Ϊϸʵһ޴һ˵ۻʾ۷壡
ֻ벽ɿ𾳡

һ̣ܹоԼǿڵϢʶ󣬾Ͷ֮֯ս֮һǰǿ̫̫ࡣ
оʵһεǿߣҲܹԾԵսֱӺɱԷ
н֯һƾâһԼ±ƽ漴ٴת̫ľڵʶȹԼۻʾصΪ
תۼһ¹ȥ
ķһʱ䣬ʹۻʾ۷ΪԳȹ̣Ϣ࣬Լ𾳸Щ
ֻС벽ˡ貾âһٿȥ
𾳲ֻС벽֮ңֱӳٳء
һ±˫ۣһν̫ľת
ˣ
ʱΪۻʾ۷壬̫ľתɫֱ͸Ũ貵㣬һƵĽɫһ㣬ǿʢˡ
ʬϣѾһѻҽʼ̫ľͥڵСͬһʱ䣬ʶһ̿ʼ𶯣ǿʶڣһ̼ʼƿصһͨİ塣
ǲ
ӡ


콣
ʶƿصǲӡӡ콣͵ҩȡ
һЩʱﵽۻʲΣ˵ۻʾ죬һЩͨİ建ʹľٴ
ʶһǵڵɵȴҲܵӰ죬ʶݻܲɵӳһ˿ʹɵڵĿɵ˻һѺ
£Ȼ֪ȴǲδ⣬ʶвͨ
ۻʾΪЩͨİ彥һһƿأϢԽԽǿΪڲ֪䣬ȥ
ܿ죬һȥ
ˣ
һһ죬ͥϿͻȻһ˲һƬһɫｻ֯˿˿Ƶ磬·Ҫһжɡ
ǣ
ף
ʲô⣬Ϣ
ͥһսŲϣԲɵ÷
һ̱һƬһֲ֯ʵ̫ˡ
ǰʮһڤϢҲԶûô°⡭
в뵱ĳƽԭһսͥ׼𺳡
ͬһʱ䣬ͥڱչеϦͼ˱ѣҲ̳أȫ߳ͫ׶һ
ʱϵɢֻת۶ѣС
ǡ٣
һ˶ݡ
ڰɢϣһкʣһУһн֯ÿһ綼·׼һУȻǿС̫ʱ򶼲ɵõֱ˫ۣëɵõ
ⷽµУ¿ʱɵò¡
ĵ·Ȼɵڣ
УɵǡǸСģѾȹۻʽôⶫɴ˫ۣɻ󡣲ɻֻƬ̼ѣһ̣ƺ뵽ʲô˫۵ɵĸ󣺡ʱȥѵСӿ𾳣κµ٣
⻰һԱߣһһ
ģ
𼶲Σ
𼶵׷
˱ɫ
ûģ٣ǼһģΪֻûôµ٣ļ£ͬʱÿǾɣǣΪʲô𼶲ΣҲӦٲŶ԰βҲǾڵۻ󾳽ڵ𣿵Ѿȹۻ˰
˭֪أʣʣԳ֮

ˣ
ϣ׺ʮ̼̮
ֻСƬ̶ѣϵɢĸԶ򶼱ڰǣһѹֵϢ׹䣬޾Ϊ֮־壬սս


1309 ɽ֮
˵Х쳹죬һ޴кʲϣޱˣתۼʹôһƬڣϢƵʮĩ˰㡣
ˣ
һХ𣬲ϵɫбøˣӿɲͬһͷͷзǵȳţʹ龪Ѱ
ͥڣǿ߶ǲɵʵȻֲ̫ˣļ¡
Сӣô٣ٵһɶģ
ɫ
ֲ̫һѹ£ͥڣû˻𼶵С̫ѡ
˳ͥ

Ӧˣ
Ƶ
һ˸࣬
һ̣ϵкȻ΢£󻺻ɢ˿ȥ
ɫĲ񷣬תۼָԭǵѹֺͻϢҲ̼ʧӰ١
⡭
˶һ㶡
٣ɢȥˣ
Ӣ۵ۡ

ɵڣ⽻֯âüͷͷһϸܵĺΡ
ʥʬΪֱӴӵۻۻʾ۷壬һʱͲǴƱݣ𾳣һʱµ١Ǿʹоѣʹ󾪣ķ˴ѹ£ʹپʹɢȥ
׷
ü
ξȻ٣⣬ϾҲڵۻ󾳽ڣ֮ǰѾȹ˵ۻʽ٣ûʱµ١
ǿѹʱ䣬ٻٴθ

Ϊһʼûʱ٣ֱӿ˽룬ٳ֣ԾԵʵǿѹ¾磬סٵѹ£һѹƱǸ˶ãʱ䣬ǿѹµΪΣ𼶵׷
ֻ졣
˶ٺվȥ
ֻʱ䣬Ҫöɽٵ׼һ˿һʱ䶼󲻵á
תۣɵ
Сӣղŵģˣ
ʱΧɵ⣬ճ֣һȺ˾Χȥ
Ȼûʵ档
Σ
ǰֻǵۻ찡ѣʹﵽȸ߶ȣ
䡭̬
һ˾֮ǰѾµ𼶲Σ٣ʱԼ׿ڵ̲סȺ𺳡
үֱڶڰ벽ۻʾǻûܿ׼۲Σ㵹ãѾˣ

Ŷ೤ʱ䣬쾹ȻѾ𼶲ΣٶʵЩ¡
ٳ֣ûһɢȥǿнѹȥ
ʵ
ͷֻѹ졣
ʱ̫ݣ¸֪˺󣬵һʱ俪ʼɽٵ׼
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱͥĵͥҵöǿ屶սĻ뵤Լĵƣȱĸáͬʱɱ̨ͷ̨׼ʮһЩڶɽٵֶΣҲ׼˲١
ˡ

ʱ䣬ܹµ׼ѾãѾûʲô׼ˡ
һúҵͼˣ֪һˣԼԺ뿪ȥ١
Ѿ׼ˣ
ʵ
׼ˡ

磬ûɣ
ϦЩĵʵ
ԱߣѩҹŮǴɫͷӢ۵˵ıҲǶأϾ֮ǰǶ׷ĳʱ棬ǵϢܿ£Ҫһ㣬Ҫȥ٣Ȼᵣġ
ġ
ϦԴϦһ˵
֣һ˾֪ǲǵģеȴɻǼ˲١
˵ⳡ٣ģǴĺܣ׼ɽ٣𣿡
ʵ
ôʣ˶졣
ղŵ棬ǶˣƸ˴ǵȳʵЩˣٵһƬ򼸺ûʲôѶȣǺܺ棬ᵽȥɽ١
쿴һˣ˶٣Ц⳾򡣡
⻰һ˵һ
СӣҪЯȥڤ尡
ۡ
ɵۻʽٵʱڷ⳾УڤһƻĲӣ񣬸µ׷٣Ҫȥ⳾ɽ٣ҪѴȥڤһܡʹͻȻЩͬڤ
֮ǰǵ׷ѹ£һǿ߾ԵֵסãȻھŶεǸڤ汻ٸסҲᵹѪù
طѡĺܺãȻĶɽٵأ
Ĵָ
ǰڤӷ⳾ɱһߣȻʤˣȴȥ⳾׷췣ڤ壬ѾڤһʿвҽбӵĻ棬;úˬ
һ̸һʱʱ䣬һ˷ģֱͥ
ûдκУֻһǰ⳾ȥɽ٣ΪԼ׷жô£ͥûκ˿԰ɽ٣ȻС̫ҲУһȥˣпܱ׷վ
ͥڲ϶Ϧͼ˻֣ٴγһ˷ģֱ˺գʧ
һ̣пƬ߾ƽԭϡ
ǰڤɱ룬ΪʼսطʬǶɽѪˮ˺ӣȻ൱Ѿȥ꣬طŨҵѪζرϵǿӿݣȫѪɫһ˸С
뵱սսطͥսʿ˴ʮ󣬷ٴƽԭ
һ޴ĿռʣУúһŻһѪʯͼǰѪʯֻȭͷСȴɢһɿֲϢ
붢ѪʯɵֱӸһɱĺ
ѪʯӴãｻ֯ɫڹ⣬ޱȿֲѪʯͼĿռӡʹڤھŶεڤҲƻͼΪһƻµͼĵѪʯһʱͻըǾǻԵģŶεҲˡ
Ѫʯ˶٣תƹ⣬ֱӴйͼ
ͼ£ԣҪжȻûκ⡣
йͼͷһۣǿѪʯǰȥ
ܿ죬ӰռԽԽԶ˷ǳŨҵڤֱֹȥһʱʱһƬ谵
⳾ˡ
н֯ŵ㾫â


1310 ڤ
ǵڶνƬ磬ȥܵĿռһƬ谵ʱһƬƻԭڣ洦ǳɫʯ飬ڤǳŨͬɫһƮطÿһռһֱɭĸо
ڤǴԶִһռͨǱߡ
ɨܣдŵ΢⡣
طܻߣ˵ǺƫƧо˿ϢһݶͷĿռƫͷλõ
ǸڤڤʥڤһۻʼǿߵʶѰãڤһȺǿߣޱƽ𾳽ĴڣڤѾߵͷǳ¡
ʱƬۻʽ٣ֻǴȥڤһ죬ȥڤʥΪ̫¡٣ȵɵۻʽʱ̫̫࣬һΣҪ絽ڤʥȥڤʥڵض׷
ط̫ңԶ

ŵâϣһһӰȥ
ľ磬ֻǼٶҲǳ죬ûñԶ֮ǰĻԭش뵽ڤʿȺӵķΧڣڤʿӰ
ͬһʱ䣬һڤʿҲǿӰΪû˿ڣ⽻֯âƽȥʵ̫ˡ
ࣿ
ôڵ磿
ץ
طڤأʱеϿգûΣֱӴӵϿմжڤʥȥʹƬش󲿷ڤʿ澳ڤǿֱӳ𣬳ѹȥ
¡¡ģֻգۼѣ˿ǰֽ֯ڤɱ⣬ץȥɫһƬ졭
ۣ
һ족ֲŸոճڣڤʿǺݲһ۵һը
ʲôҲûԵúƽڤʥȥ
ĸ߶ȣһεҲ׸ɱһ澳㿿ǰɱ֣⳯Ѱ·
ȾɱʲôҲҪֻȻ֯ŵϢķĨɱԷ
⣿
ղţô£
ûǸදְ
ڤʿɫ
Щ˸ղһֱڿϣǸ澳ץ죬Уûκ˿г֣Ǹ澳ȴĪˡ
⡭
˾ɡ
ͻȻУ˱ɫϵ죬ͫײɵһ
ˣơƺǣƺǵڤһǸ࣡
˾ϳ졣
ʲô
ǰǿɱһʱҪѹˣ
Ǹֻ壿
طһڤʿԱɫ
ǰЯۻٿڤһ죬ڤһòƲѴڤ壬ڤʿ֪ǿֻ壬ң֮ǰڤʮһһڤǿɱһǰ´ָҪѹ죬²ɱǱڤʿ֪δɱȥڤʿ󲿷ҲǺЩϳ죬󾪡
⡭
桭Ǹࣿۡۻʼֻ壿
죡ȥˣ´ָҪѹ࣡
ϳЩڤʿ¶η壬û˸ҵɱȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ģһ
Ͽգڷ£Ȼϵıȴʼûʲô仯ķ򲻱䣬ǳλöȥ
ಣ
תۣƿʮӰڤĳǰ
УΪ׵һΪۻʼǿߣʮ׼ۺʮ벽ۻʡ
࣬㣡Ϊ׵һΪڤڵۻʵ죬ʱ죬н֯ڤ⣬ɱ󣬽ѹã
ڤʵǿӴУȴҲȻ֪첻ΪԼһҪ׽ѹˡ˿ʮ벽ۻϵǿߣֱӻ֮ɱҪѹڴ˵ء
һʱ䣬¡¡ģʮͬʱ֣Եһ𣬸һλϣһڤƣת۳һڤǿʢϢƿѹһС
ѹ
Ϊ׵ĵȵн֯â󣬺ƺƵѹ졣
̼䣬ܵпռȫˣһɴѹȥ
ֹסŲѹĵû˿ΨָԶһ£ʱĽХƬĽâΪģն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһըʮ׼ǿߺʮ벽ۻʣһ˲ȫѪ
Ϊ׵ĵը鲼Ѻۣǿδٴο죬е¶ֵı飺㣬㡭
ʱٴο죬ۻڤֲѡ
ʮ׼ۺʮ벽ۻʽɱ󣬼Լȫȴû뵽׾ͱʮ׼ۺʮ벽ۻʾȻһ˲ȫˣԼҲ˴ֻа벽֮ң
ͬһʱ䣬طһڤǿɫ̲ס
⡭
ôܣ
۴ɱϣȻһ˲ͣͱ
һڤʿȻ
ϣ⽻֯âϵı飬û˿仯
̧ͷԶڤĲ̧֣꣬Էһָ
ۣ
һɳû˵ڣֱʹ˵͵һը
ʱ䣬طһڤʿٴһ
졭ˣ
ˣ
ô᣿
ڤʿսսнԸֳŨŨĿ־壬ɵõŵŵĺˡ
ǵأۻǿߣȻô׾ͱնˡ
վϣʼպƽʱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬âŨ̶ĽХһĽɫâֶͬǽһ㣬ڤںƺƵն¡
Ƚâֻȴǿֲޱȣÿһⶼնͨۻʡ
ת۶ѣЩâ䵽֮ڡ
ʱѪһըҽһڤڵĹһ̮



ڤʿҽУȣҰһڵǱӴܡ
ıʼղ䣬ϣ֮âܿ߳ڤķΧȥڤڴʱòƲѪˮȾһƬƬ棬ڤʿƬ֮ڣʬǱء
ϣһ·λõڤʥȥúȺ־ڤ⼸ƬأÿһڤʱǺܿ챻ϳһǿ߳ͼѹһǲƬԱƻĲģ
һʱ䣬Ƭ⳾ڣڤ


1311 ڤ
ڷ⳾ˣ߹ڤƬأڤǿⴴûһֵܹƬڤ챻ƻĲӣȻܿ촫⳾ʹڤ󾪣һڤʿ𶯡
⡭
ǵǸࣿǸֻ壿ߣ
ڣܵסλնˣôܣ
ڤʿ𾪡
Ҳʱ߹Ƭڤ죬ܵһޱȺΰĴǰ
ȥԵЩİ֯ŻϢǴʱ䳤׹һ㣬һ־˵ĺظС
ڤʥ
΢
߹ڤƬ죬һ·Уʱڤʥ⡣
˵ڤĺʥأӴڤһȺǿߣĶޱƽ𾳵ˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ𣬼طһ˲䣬ڤʥڳʮӰ⽻֯ŷǳ˵ϢȻǸ֪Ϣط
ʮ˸ǿ󣬽ޱƽ𾳵ڤڤʥֻɲǱǿòɫһ
ȻǶ֪죬ϳ졣
ֻ࣬壬㵨ӲСҶһ˴ط
죬ʮ˵Ŀޱ
ѹ
һ˵
ң˲ֻ˵˵ѣµһ˲ֱӶˣ̧ѹ졣
ڤԣǵˣңǴУ
һ棬Ϊֻ壬˵Ǿ˵һأһǣ´ߵҪŽѹ
죬ڤǿȻûʲôԥģֱӳ֡
һ֣ٶȽѹ£
һڤ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģһڤͬʱ֣ڤѹ˰˷
쿴ʮ˳ɫƽվԭأָᵯ
וּһһʵĽХһĨâɿֱѹһУĽֵʮڤȫ˳ȥǰǸڤ򵱳˴ѣâֱᴩüģһʱը顣
⣬⡭ôܣ
ɵʮڤɫ䣬¿죬ͫ׽Խ
ʮ˿ɸޱƽ𾳵Ĵڣʮ˺һ֣ȴǱһָ͸ȫɣǰһˣǵؼ䡣
ʵ̫ˣ
㡭
ֻ˲ϢѣʮǿڤԲɵһɺ
쿴ʮˣٴεָһâһڼ׵ڤȥ
ﬣ
â񽣣̶Хٶȿ켫
ڼ׵ڤɫ䣬æڤĻֱӼǿĴ򣬴߶˵ͨӭâ
ֻǣ쵯â̫ˣ˲˺˼ڤͨᴩڤĻֱü֮ڡ
ۣ
Ѫˮ˵飬Ҳըֻһ˲
һĻʹһڤ
赭дһָնڤһޱƽ𾳲εˡ
㡭
ʮڤһʼĿʧˣֻоñ̲סŵŵɵĺˡ
쿴ʮˣʼպƽûκһ˿仯ֵ̧һˡ
ΪЩ˶Ҫߣǿֻ壬ɱЩޱƽ𾳵ˣʵ̫ˣͬնһ㡣
ﬣ
ָˣһâɳٶȿ쵽£һڤᴩĨɱ
ʱ䣬طһڤһ
һָĨɱһޱƽεˣսǿ־壬ǿɵ
̧֣âָ֯ˣ׼һڤɫͬâ¡
ߣ
ϢͻأڤʥڸӰ߳
ˣÿⶼڤ֣ϢޱȾˣԴ߶ȡ
ͬʱʮӰޱƽ𾳵ڤ
ǣ
һʼڤʥĻŵһڤϲʱǰӰԹ
ƫͷӰ΢΢
ˣǰǾѾˣΪڤĴ桢桢ʮ桢ʮʮ棬Уڤ洦ھŶΣڤ洦߶ΣǴڶΣǿ
ֱ࣬ܺã
ڤԵޱȱ
ǰڤʮһǿɱһ磬ʮһȫ䣬ȴǱһѪʯ·ӡ˽Ų޷뵽Ǳߣ뵽֮󣬵ɱǱڤˣȫˡ
һУȫΪ죬ʱٴμ죬촳뵽кɫͬһͷŵĻޣɱˡ
ͬʱȴҲâڽ֯Ϊֻ壬ؼһءֻرԴʿԣֻرԴžԵջֻҪܵõֻرԴںϣԻõĺôҪֻرԴ
쿴ڤ棬Էڿһͷ
񡣡
˵
ǰڤ棬ȻǸڿռڵͼоŶԷϢҲǲɵĲѹȴǲһˡʱ꣬ٴڤǿ棬ȫû˵вС
ڤ涢죬ӱø䡣
ڤʮ濪ڣԴѾ׼
ȷʵ׼õģ׼
ƽƽ
ڵڤʮ浱һ䣬к֡
䣬ֱӶˣӰֻ˲ϢǰȡֻرԴǰɱ㣬ǣҲù䣬ֱӶ֣һƳճȥȻҪһ
һƴһɹڤ磬ܱߵĿռ䶼ˣϢǳˡ
⣬ǸЦֱ˵ĴֿʱǶ֣һѿס˳ĴֵҲʱ̧һ˦
ž
һƣȵڤʮϣֱӽڤʮǧԶһѪˮУңżȾѪ
ʱ䣬طȳڤ߳ڤɫ
ôܣ
ЩڤԺȻ
һڤʮ棬ڶΣֵ£ȴȻ˵סһƸ˳ȥݻѪˮƮڿС
ͬһʱ䣬ڤ桢ڤʮڤʮ涯ݣȻڤĴҲͫһȻǱһĻ
䣡
ԶǿڤƵڤʮ˻ŭ
࣡
ǧɴأʱ죬ڤʮӶ΢ЩŤ
ǿߣȻ˵ڳһ⣡


1312 
ڤʮԶأеĻʵʣɱŨҵ˼㡣
ˣȻϡ
죬ڤʮ絶ûм˵ȥ
Ͼڰһ˵һ⡱Ȼ
ûʲô˼ɵģ˵ĻȻһ⣿
⻰Ȼǹģʱʹڤʮӱøɱʮ㡣
ϣڤʮҧһ̱ٴζڤƵһչܣ𼶵Ϣͬ嫺һӿһȥÿһ¶ʹⷽݺһҪ̮һ㣺˺죡
쿴ˣ΢һ˲ʧһ̳ǰ
ٶȺܿ죬ʹڤʮ浱ֶݣ㡭
ž
ֺܿ죬һ˵ϡ
ڤʮһκɣһκɳȥԶѪˮһա
⣿
ϣڡ
ô᣿
طһڤһ
һǿڶεĴڣȻȺαͬһ˳˶⡣
ڤ桢ڤʮڤʮͫһڤҲ⣬ӱࡣ֮ǰ˵ڤʮһαΪ⣬ôһֱɣǾȻ͡⡱޹ˣΪǿ
䣡
˵ϢƵڤʮԶٴγأеɱŨˣܺˡ
ǿߣ޾£ȻͬһˣȺǶ⣡
ңǵһ˳⣡
ֱĳ裡
࣡
죬ڤק˫ȭٴγȥһɱ⽻֯˳ÿһɱⶼǺţɺɱͨһǿߡ
ˣҪ˷ʱ䡣
һڤ䣬ʱ򿪿ڣϣȥ
ڤʮҧĿ죬ͣʱڤ涯ˣȻҪԶѹ졣
ͬһʱ䣬طһڤһĻнԸâ
Զ֣࣬ر˲Ϣѹ
Ȼ
ѾߵͷѾ޵У
ڤЦͬڿʬһ㡣
ڤޱ䣬·ǿؼһУֻǼĿռŤȻ֯Ϣ˷ǳ
΢΢ۣȻܹĵڤǿ
ڤ涢죬ԵúĮһ̣Ӱʧֱӳǰڤӡֱѹ£ʮռȫˡ
ٶȷǳ죬ȹƺܿ£ıȴûʲô仯ΪѾ׼ԼԵͷĿ
ˣ
ûκλڵĶн֯ƹ⣬ֱӻӶȭӭȥ
һȭûʲôǿգڤĴײһ
ʱ䣬𶯣һ̮
ڤ΢Σֱ𿪡
һߣǾֻоȭͷЩ飬Ѫһ󷭹
ߵͷˣȷʵ
ڤ
ĳղţڤĴɵʵδչ֣Ѿȫ£ȴɲУûˣȴǴھ·
ڤ濴죬һ˿⣬ȴĮܽ±һƣܲ˵Ǵ˵еǿʡ˵ǿĸ֣죬۵оâӿһ̣һƥƻȻڳͷѹɣ͵Ϊֹˣκλᡣ
¡¡ģⷽش𶯣ͷһԣԲǧڵĿռ̼䱻׷գӴܲʹ˲ǧʱΪ֮
Ȼǵһʱо˿µϢڤʱɢѹֻоһʹһħɽѹͷһ㡣
ǿ󡣡ڤȴûаɵ򶨶ݣôҲٲ׾
˵ţ΢ѹƾ硣
漴һ죬貵ĽɫڳϢ˲䷢ǣֻһգۼѣǳ嵽һ˵ĸ߶ȣ뵽һȫµڡ
ǣ
𾳣
ڤ桢ڤʮ桢ڤʮڤʮ붯ݡ
ͬһʱ䣬طһޱƽ𾳵ڤҲǵʧɫ
ȻΣ
ѹ֣ѹ֮ǰҵʮһֶκβɱˣ
ȻΪ
ȳ֮ǰ춯ֵʮڤ΢ɫѿ
ͬʱڤʮɫҲܲÿ죬еĺâŨĶ֮ǰ죬Ϊϣȴǲ뵽ҲѾ𼶲Ρ
⽻֯𼶵Ϣһ̺ƵϣһŤ
ǿǳ
ڤлһĨ⣺Σѹֿǿ±һơ˵⻰ıȴĮûϵһζѣվ㲻ʲôǿ壬Ϊľ޴ûзأߵֻбѹĽ֡
˵ţϢӿ£ʮռ䣬һƬƬɱâӿ
𣿡
Ц
£͵һ
ˣ
һ쳹ڤֻһ˲ѣƬرһѹֵĻϢǵض£طһ
̧ͷȥ֮ϣŨܲһ޴и֣䣬ˮͰִ罻֯ŭ·ҪƬؼһС
ǡ٣
һڤ󺧡
ͬһʱ䣬ڤ桢ڤʮ桢ڤʮڤʮҲʧɫǿ𾳾ͷڤҲǲһ
䣡
쳹죬ԲڵĿռȫ˵˼㡣
ܼ֯Ųϵ֮ڣÿһµˣޱȿֲ
𾳣ô٣ٲֻڿͨɾ֮ʱ𣡡
ڤŷɻ
ûԭΪֻ壡
ڤһʱۻʾҲ𣡡
Я𼶵ִط
һڤ
ʱ򣬲ϸ̫ˣǷ޴кʲϣ·һĺڶֻǼ򵥵Ŀһۣʹ꽫ĸо
ǣڤҲоһ󼹱ɵ
ߣ뿪ǵķΧ
˵ͳº󣬵һߣΪо˲ϸĿ£ǴﵽͷУҲһɾ޴вС
ߣˣ
Ц
䣬һϣһʱѹ
ɲǼ䣬ûռ䣬ⷽأٵˮһ㡣
ȥѾǵһ׽ˣȫһƬ嫵׺
ģճƬ̮سƬķ飬Ƭ֮£Ӵڤʥһ˲䱻ķѣ
һⳡٵʢ硣
Ц


1313 ׺»ɱ
ڵƺʲ񷣬ƵŻ䣬ѹֵ˼㣬Ҳ֪˶ôĵÿһ䶼Ѫɫ磬š
һ̣첻ѹƾ磬һٳΣֱ׷
䣡
Х쳹ķڣͬˮһ£һС

ҽһ˲ǿڤѣһʱ䱻µĽ飬Ѫͬʱ𣬵𣬸סԴֻ׷
ģ㾹ȻܵĶ٣
ڤŭ
ڤڤĸǿߣʱɫҲޱѿ
ǰǷ⳾Яۻٽڤһ죬ڤһƻĲƲڤǿ߲ʱأˣ׷һڤʥǰǷŭΪֱ̫ˡ
𼶵٣һܹõҲԶǽۿ׷Ӧøлҡ

㣡
ղſڵڤɫʱֿ࣬ŭ޲졣
쿴ˣ̧һ㣬ܶʱܼѪɫ糯ѹ¡
ⲻܿЩٵ磬ΪΪɽߣϢͨĽٵһ̶ȵ
䣡
ĽǿڤֻⳡͨĽٵ磬ȴǿֲĺˣϾǿֻ׷
ڤʱ󺧣ܿ⣬ȴǸãס

һĲҽд˱ܼѪɫУ
䣡
䣬
ڤʥĵԭպضޱȼ̣ʱ׷£ȴǱޱȴһպʹرķ顣

ҽٴ׷£ޱƽεڤѡ
ʱµֻͨ׷ǣµ˶ԣȴǻԵġ

һֺ;Ĳҽµڤѣ֮·ǡ

ڤʮ涢죬ŭŶ̶Ƭ̣Ǿĸޱƽ𾳵ڤʧ̫ˡҪ֪ЩˣֻҪʱգп𾳵ĿܣƬ̼䣬һֱʧĸ

죬ɱ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ȴҲھȫܼ磬ȻڶΣֻ׷УʱпѣЩ̫ˡ
¡
Ѫɫ粻䣬һ̱øӿֲϵâࡣ
һ˲ѣرøˣƸǵķΧ˷ԲķΧϷɫķһڽҪɵһеĺڶ㡣
âһ׺֮УǴһЦ
ŲϿۣгһöΪ뵤ɶݵǿ屶ս̷ֱ¡
䣡
̼ѣϵϢǣѹñ֮ǰǿ
΢ʱƫͷڤʮ档
ӭڤʮʱһ·Ǳס˰㣬̲סһʲô
ЦŲһΣ˲ƶһ㴩׺ɲǼǰ
𾳣ٶȺսѾ֮ǰɱȣʵ
ڤʮһٴκˣ㡭
ټ
һѹ¡
ļ佻֯ͬʱܣѪһѹ䡣
ڤʮ𣬳⣬ǿͨӭϣͬʱһ𿹺Ѫɫ硣
ֻǣȴס

ҽǿڤʮ浱ըӳһ˲ͱǱ֣ѹķ顣
棡
ʮ
طһڤڤʮɫ
ڤʮ棬εˣȻһ˲ͱնˡ
࣡
ڤڣŭ졣
ڤһѪ磬ɭɱ⽻֯¶ŭݡǿڤʮ棬ڤһǿߣôɱˡ
ƣ׺УɨڤڤˣЦ
ǰҲ˵𣬵ҿ𼶲ΣڤʥݷǡڤˣڣԼˣǼµ
Ż䣬һ֮ը죬ñһʼӿֲˡ
ֻɲǶѣ䣬ƣ˷ԲķΧ
ˣ
̶ѹֺͻϢƵʮ
һʱ䣬⳾ڣ޾սսڤʿ־岻
Ϣ⣬⣬⡭
ʲô
ô£
ڤǿ߾֡
⳾ޱߣʱƬȴܹоһѹֵϢǾڤʥļƬأǿ־岻ѡ
䣡
׹ϣ羪κڷÿһը죬дƬռ١
ڤʥ֮ϣ֯âɨطһڤǿߡ
գһ˱ȥ
˵
Ż䣬ջ֣ԼıԴϢǣƬռڵ磬ⷽ׺µһڤ
طЩˣڤڣֻҪЩ˻ٵǱߵ磬㽫ٲõԴһв
䣡
ıԴϢǣӲ׹µܼٵʶһ㣬һڤȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳڤ桢ڤ棬ڤʮʮ档

ҽԱԴϢǣѪɫ磬һڤǶת۾һ˲
棬

λ棬ǣ
һڤҽУըҪٵķΧϢøǿпµиֶ֯ΪĵǧɷΧڣȻͨǿߣҲͻƲȥ
ֻһת۶ѣʮڤѣȥĽٵ֮ըһ

ڤʮŭ۾ˡ
ٵڣֻǹȥƬ̼ѣطԭʮĸڤѾȥʮһˣͬʱȥһ
ƫͷˣǹһĨЦƵֱɱ˹ȥ
ڤʮʱһӭñˣ
ŭţͬʱˣ±쿿ΪⳡٵĶɽߣʱȫǻĸԴߵͻΪĵش
Цٶȷǳ죬Ƶһգ۱ǳǰ
ȥڤʮ
˵
¡һּ£ͬʱлģˡ
ڤʮ־ŭܿ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ڤ桢ڤڤʮɱ˹һӶƬɱ⣬ѹ졣


1314 սƥ
ʮռһƬڣһͬˮһ׹䣬ʮ
н֯ڤʮ棬Ϣǿĺˡ
룡
ڤ˿ǰ֮Χס죬ڤʮͬʱɱͬһʱ볯ѹ¡
Ǽǿڶ֣ǣлһͷڤڣһɱޱȿ£š
ڤʮ棬֯бۿѹڤˣǼɱ˿Ҳ⣬¶һĨЦ
Ҳʱ֮һϿգޱ֮ڣһ޴ֱʮҡ
ⳡ׷ĵһףڴʱ䣡
ֲĻϢ̼佫졢ڤʮ桢ڤʮ桢ڤڤһ𸲸С
֪ĺܺáЦһɽ١
ΪⳡٵĶɽߣһٻںʱ£Ҳ׼ԼЯɱƹɱڤʮ棬ڤ桢ڤڤʮǰԷǲž׼ʱ㹥ڤʮ棬ڤȫǰ󣬵һ׷ʱ䣬ڤʮڤˣȫס
ǣ
ڤ浱ŭ컰е˼
ľǡ

㡭
䣡
죬һٶȿ켫գۼǰ
ʮ


ҽڤʮڤʮ浱㱻ķ飬һ
ͬһʱ䣬ڤը飬ڤڿѪش
׼ӡת׷䵽ǰ˲ͼ⣬屶ӵս
ǿУΨɽߣ
ҡ
⻷âɨڤʮڤʮըĵطĿڴڿѪڤ˰ӵڤϣЦ
࣡
ڤ˻۾һƬ
һףգۼͻٵһǿߡ
ߣ
Цˣһ˹ȥֱӻӶȭ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ƶһ׿ٵ¡
ۣ
ڤ滹ü۳ֱӱķ飬Ѫˮ졣

ڤŭ䶯⣬תۼ޸
ҲʱЯһɱǰ̧־һȭ
˵һ罻֯һȭѹ£ֱӴ˿ռ䣬ȭˡ
ڤȭӭȭϰ˵ڤ⣬ֱȭͷײһ
ʱ䣬һ촫ڤֱָˣȭͷըֱҲķѣңѺڳӣתۼʹǶѺۣͬ鲼֩һ㣬Ѫˮסʶ
ﬣ
ͬʱһֻֻӶ콣һֱն¡
һΪ콣еһɱͨˣգ䵽ڤǰ
ڤ𣬿ٺˣֻȴ˲Ϊâٶ̫ˡ
ۣ
â£ڤնһѪ
¡
ϣڶ׿ʼٵϢø¡
̼䣬Ƭռ׹µĽøܼҲø

棬

ҽڤ׹µУ
Щ粢ٵ׷ֻͨĽٵѣȴɺܿ£֮¸û˿ס

һޱƽ𾳵ڤѣ˵У
쳯ϿһۣĿԶڤըĵزһǰ
ﬣ
âϸֳ콣ֱڤնɱ¡
ʱڤ滹δ۳ǣоնĽâѪٺˣٶȷǳ죬ͬʱٵ޸ǡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڤʱɱ˹Ȼܿ칥ɱڤ档
¡

̧֣ԱԴϢƬ磬ֱڤ档
һʱ䣬¡¡ģٵһڤ棬ʹڤֹסŲԿЩ硣
ЩһҲȻǶͷ˶ԣҲһв
ﬣ
̶ʱƵڤǰŵ콣һն¡
ڤʱպ۳ӭŵɱֱӳͨϡ
ײ⡣
һ̣ڤĴͨŵ콣Ҳ˵һȴǱƲնڤ档
ۣ
ĿѪˮһֱӹᴩڤؿڣؿںһǰ͸ĴѪ඼ˣĿġ
ڤڿѪѪˮмƬŵŵɵ׺кˡ
Цϣ˲ƽ
ˣ
Ӷȭݻɻˣڤ渲С
ɵһչأͨȭ˸ǿľ磬˿һȭȭ֮ԣ·һǿѹ£ܵһٵ綼ȫˣµĲ
ڤͨ屬˵ڤ⣬ڤһڴͨǰӭϡ
תۣٴײһ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫ڤ֮ͨһһ
Ļȭȴ˿תۼƿһУڤؿڡ
ۣ
ڤ浱ըѪˮĽйǺˣǱ㡣
쿴ŶԷһ˹ȥȭҡ
ڤһ۳ͨӭϣһչ֡
䣡
䣡
䣡
߾ҽ棬ֻƬ̼ײϰٴΡ
գһ죬ڤ汻ɨɣӱ飬궼˴󴴡
Ѿ߶ΣŸΣôңⲻܣܣ
̲סŭ߶ΣС̨׵Ϊȴȫס졣
ͨ廷׹⣬ɫһǰ
Ϊ˭ǿ壬ֻ˵ѣվΣһδξһĴѳãһδε٣ǰ׶ɵģ
˵
ǿֻ壬սԶԶͬʿټϣɹߴλԵ٣սǸǿΪ˶Կ׷̷˿ɵ屶սĻ뵤սǣۺȻ֮ڤҲ˿ǿһ˿ֻ߶εڤ棬ôĶ֡
ڤҧ룬ͬʱ޸
ߣ
ĿĮھصǲڴʱһչ̼ǰ
ڤһͻȻչֳĿٶһ㡭

³һ䵭ۣĴɽӡѪɫѷ졢ǿ¡ɽ󣬾ֱڤС


1315 
չһ꣬ǽ֮޵һľ磬ʱչһ󣬽ڤ⣬ǵȿֲĻѹܵһС
ڤʮݻѹ£һʱовִ𣬳ȫӭϣɱͨͬʱչ˳âڰ˻ġ
ֻǣȣȵֵԵЩգ۱㱻ѹ顣
¡¡ģʮѹ¡

ڤ澪ֱֶӱʮûǺһը鿪


ԶڤܼĽ磬һĻʱǺݺһ
࣡
˻۾ˡ
ǰڤʮһǿ߿ɱһߣȫսڤ廹ʣµǿߣת۱ɱˣֻʣһ
ȥǡ
쿴˵
⻷˿˿Ƶ֮⣬粽ϣ泯ڤȥ
һ統Ƶ׷Щˡ

ҽڤ棬ڤ治Զĵطһޱƽεڤ̼䱻֮Ľٵķ飬
˿Ҳ⣬ǲ̼ڤǰ
䣡
ڤǰһ˲䣬ϱһڶһϣһƬܼԻƺƵѹ¡
ڤʱһȿµȻͷҲ
ҧɭɱ޲˺죬ʱȴû˿ԥֱӺˣ롣
ⳡٵĶɽߣⳡٵĻģʱǾ츽µĵڶ췣һɱ
ʲô㲻ǳƣһεң㲻ʲôΪҪˣ

Ե÷ǳƽȴǴԵķζƮڤߡ
ڤɫʱøѿɱŨȴǸٵĺˡ
ߣ
Цھصǲһչ˲׷ڤ档
ͬʱһΣɱֶ̨գۼ佻֯ɱƣڤС
ʱɱӿɱһʱӿ֣볯ڤȥ
Ϊ˶ٶµ׼Ϊɱ̨˿һԻɱڤ棬ǵƿɲǿڤҲҴ⡣Ҫǣɱ̨һڤֱӱǣ޷Զˡ
ٴһɽ١

䣬ҵĺڶڴ˿䵽ǰֱӽڤһû
ʱϢƵɱȵһ췣ǿ̫ˣͬն



ܣռƬ̮ڶ췣ըâڱʮҰסˣֱȥʮȹâɢȥʹܱ߱
࣡
ŭڤ汻ɱǣƣͬʱܵڶ췣ĺòƲطͷܿش
ߵͷˣͬʱٺɱɱȻû顣
ЦڤԶâ㣬
֮ǰɱڤ棬ںɱڤͬʱȴҲ˼ǿɱס֮ĵ˵ڶ׷
ڤѪŭӣɱĶ죬ͬһͷѵϹޡ
쿴ˣȻһЦû˿ԥֱӲǲɱȥ
ƶѪɫһƶٵĻƶתۼֱƵڤǰֲ飬ֱӾһǻȭ
˵һյǱˣ𼶵Ļȭ֮š
ͬʱһǻȭµĽøӿȭƶҲڤȥ

յ飬ᴩ¶Ѻۡ
һǿµȭǿڤߵھŶεҲΪ֮Ĳ
ڤӡ
˵ͺ嶼޸ֱ̧֣Ӷͨӭһȭ
תۼ䣬ײһ𣬱⡣
ۣ
ۣ
ڤ˴ѣ˵ǶԺ£
𼶵Ľ棬µˣܲˡ
ڤ濴棬־ŭڤ壬ڤ䡣

̲ס
ǰ⴦ڤʥǿߺʮޱƽ𾳵ڤȻڣƬ֮ѣȴֻʣһǿߺĸڤ

ŭȻΪھŶΣľޱǿᣬ˿Ҳɵ
ĸǿʮڤʣˣڤĺսƬ֮ʧųɣŭĽ
ЦӳĻȭһȭƸѣĽڤĺɡһ̣ŵھصǲգ˽ǰһȭѹ¡
ˣ
һȭǻȭɻһ֯ɱһƵ
ڤܲⲻһȭУֱը鿪
࣡
˴ѹƵڤӿת޸ٴγ֣µͨ泯ɱȥ
ɱܿ£ǳˣǻɱڰ˶εˣҲԺס
ߣ
Ц⣬Ӷȭɻԣڤ档
ͬһʱ䣬һɱ̨֣ɱ̼鲼Բڵÿһ䣬Ȧڤ棬ɱŻȭһѹ䡣
תۣٴװһڤ
ȣ
ڤѪɿȥٴ鿪
һߣһһ˿Ѫˮ
ھŶεˣ֮߶εˣǿĲһǰ㡣
Ц
˵⻰ŲܼƿۣĿٴڤϣŲһΣŵھصǲһٴɱ
ವһЯֻһ˲ٴγڤǰ
ɱ
ȣȭٴλӳһɳԻƺˡ
ڤסΣ˫Ŀ죬޸òƵͨӭ
תۼ䣬ײһ졣
ȣ
ڤѪƣٴκɡ
Ц㲻ͣһ絽ԷǰֱһϹȭڤ򦣬һڤҵĳŲɶȥ
Ҳʱϣзһĺ췣ֶһٶȿ쵽ޣ˲ѹ
ڤ汻ҵĺ񷣬һ˲䵱궼
˿̣þڵ췣ĺģң췣
ԭǳµĿֲ׷ڵһʱ䡭
࣬ģ
־ŭʱ𼶵Ĵ񷣬סӰֶζʩչĳ
죬׷л
Ц
һ֮ǰɱɱȫӿɱ⣬һ㻤С
ͬʱ췣ѹ䣬̼ǽڤûС

ڤĲҽ˲䱻ķǣѪˮĽ
췣ѹ䣬Ҳһû


1316 ٺ
׷ѹ£ûһУʮռ䣬ÿһڶǻϢ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һɱתۼ䱻ȫ顣
Ŀ΢ɿĽӡӡչɫͼӭϡ
䣡
׷ӡ֮ϣ󣬺Ȼը
̶ֻѣԲǧɵأ˲ķѣһƬԵķ档
̳âܣֱȥʮ󣬿ռ䷽±
վڲƵϣһ˿ѪҺ
ǿΪ𼶵ֻ壬屶սɱ̨ӡֿһֵ׷Щˡ
ֻǵֶѣʣµģж֣ж£

һƬ̧ͷϵܼƣʱһɾ޴ѹ
䣡
ԶǿڤڤӰɫԵһƬ԰ףɢŵϢ֮ǰʮ֮ࡣ
ƫͷȥھŶεǿߣ޷׷ȻõĻܲ
˵ĻϺȴûһ˿һ֮ɫΪھŶεûôױ
ڤΪǿľҲܸ񣬱Яһδشľͳ̮ˣ˿̶죬ŭ𣬺޲˺졣
ӵĶ
죬ק˫ȭ
׼ʱ䣬Ȼ𼶴䵽µĵ췣ǰ㱻췣ֱ
ӣϣ֮Ϊǻۡ

䣬ǲһǿ絽ڤǰȭֱѹ¡
ˣ
ǿһȭյƬƬı顣
ڤӭڤʮƾˡ
תۣߵȭײһ
ۣ
ѪˮĽڤֱ۵飬һȭҵĺɣ˦Զ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƭ׺Уҽ䣬ڤط󼸸ڤԵֵȺ󱻽ȫĲ
Щڤ˿Ҳ⣬ڤ棬ֱӳŶԷȥ
ˣ
ʱ𶯣췣֣ض˱ѹ
ɫУһͷɫ֣ɳʵһ㣬ԵϢļ£Ҫؼһж
ͷֶһ˲ѣֵķΧøˣ˷ԲʮĿռ䣬Ϣ֮ǰǿ
΢𣬵ͣ½Ų̧ͷϡ
׷о˾޴ѹ
䣡
ɫڲϷ֯ѹֵϢǵض£Ĳ
˿µ׷ʹԶھŶεڤ涼һٳԶƣɿɽ룬Ȼǲ뱻׷
쿴ڤ棬Ŀٴλصϡ
׷Щ£ʱѾûпеľȥ׷ɱڤ棬һʱ佫̫ľתĸ죬˲ﵽ۷壬ȫŵԿ֮ϡ
䣡
죬ɫڲ𶯣һ̣ƺƵĳ
΢콣ӡһſӭͷ
ˣ
Ҳʱ췣µһ˲䣬ϣУһͷѪɫ˸췣۳֣ŵ췣һ¡
ֻգۼ䣬׹ûһС
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
콣ӡ˲䱻ķ飬׹ƥֱӽ֮û
ҧ׺гʮ壬ͬʱԻȭԿ׷
׷һ£ƿǷǳˣȻ屶սͨҲ޵һΪľ磬ԿȴҲɺѡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮʱʱĽ俪ֻս壬һһֵı췣顣
ԶڤȻܹоµ׷Ŀ£ʱ׷бһн֯ŸֲһĹâϣ챻췣ֱӺɱֲϣ췣ȥ
ϣ챻ɱΪЯٶڤųɵĺսȫٵˣǴޣȥȻܽң챾ǿǲɹɹûоԵİܹѹ졣ϣȥȻΪ͵òֻرԴˣǽǴ󺶡
һʱ䣬ڤǿߣھŶεĴڣüΪ
䣡
ʮ
֮£һı飬׷͵׷ûʱһըʮ
飬ͲйǽϵÿһϣԵúܴĿ
ȻûȥͲй𶯣Ѫɫӿ̫תйǺѪҺپۺһֻƬ̶ѱ¾۳
ؾ۳ɫ֮ǰ԰˲٣Ųϣ΢΢ЩϢ
׷͵׷һѹ䣬ǵ̫ˣǰ׷Ҫǿ˽ʮֺϻµ췣£ֱ˼صˣȻѾ޸ãȴ⣬ѺۣԴҲЩ
Щ̫
ҧ
屶սڵֺ׷¾ôصˣһǳõźţΪԺµ׷ƱػԶȵֺ͵׷ֲֵֺ͵׷ѣԺ׷ֻΣ
ܲ飡
ˣ
Хʮһ
ϣɫڣ췣һ̸硣
ʱݣֺ͵׷Źȥѣ췣Ȼѹûиһ˿һĴϢʱ䡣

е̫ľתޣֱӼֻͼ⡣
ֻͼ򣬺ƺƵϣ屶սʩչϢˡ
Ȼֵ췣ֲ̫ˣֻͼ˲Ǳ󣬿ֱֲϣһ֮飬ѪˮͲйǣɽ
ͬһʱ䣬طԲʮڵسױѣһõء
ѪͲйƮڿУĿġ
ˣ
ѪɫЩйӿˣȴδ̫ľתʹйת۾һǺܿ챻˳
ȣ
ո۳һھѪȳһģһͷԵڵء
׷ѹ£һҪ
ʱ޸ȴǸˣ˺ܶ࣬ʱԲȫϵѺǱøӶˣԴøӰЩ
ͷϣϢøֲЩ
ҧת̫ľ̫޸Լ壬Ѿȫûоȥ
ܿ죬ʮȥľԻָһЩ
ҲʱХ죬Ȼ
ˣ
ϣӿֲ׽ٳ֣罻֯һݻɽÿһɽɸߣΰ׳Ϣš
׷ڴʱ䣡
ӭ׷ʱͨæս߶ޡ
һ̣ов


1317 
ĴɽԻÿһǺΰ㣬ʼһֱɢױȵĿֲѹֵϢ̼ƵƺƵѹ¡
ϢƵǿھŶεڤҲһ¶㤵ı顣
ˣ
ѹ£ĴɽѹһС
췣֮£ֻоñвԽŨ
ҧһʮɱ̨Ի𶯣֯ƴӡǷǳǿķƣ⳾֮ǰӡ¡
ˣ
ʮһһصĵӣС
Ҳʱǰɽֱӽһжû
ģճƬ̮ٴη飬طѾҽ
ʮâţɽǰȴǶԵЩ貣Ʋһ̱֧ŲסһƵ߽⡣
ֻת۶ѣʮǿķһ顣
ɽƲǰֲ
Ҳδ̫ࡣ
ӡͨɫⱩǣһνֻͼ𣬺ƺƵӭϡ
תֻۣͼɽȺײһ
䣡
˵ı罻֯ر飬תۻɳ
ֻͼ飬ɽʣϣһ뵽صǧ֮£⳾𶯣ĩս١
ֱʱ򣬵׷ȥϵƷðࡣ
ڤվڼԶһ޸ƣһ߿ġ
Ǹط챻ɽصףþûгϢоˡ
ˣû
ϡ
һ̣ڣкʣû˿Ҫʧļ
ȻûҪʧļǶɽߵ죬ضǻš
䣡
ģƵĵر𶯣һɫ𣬽Ҫᴩ档
ӵصϱ鲼ѺۣڴϢѪˮסĴӿ
׷ܵȴǸˣĸأϵѺ۸࣬ԴҲøӰ
̫ɿתϼöƷɿ޸塣
ˣ
һʱ䣬Ľɫ⽥Ũڷɿ޸
ҲʱϣһձøӺڰ
޴𶯣ѿڰ׷ӿ֣ΪһƬµ꣬ڳֵһ˲ѹ£˿ķӦʱ䡣
ҧ˿⣬ͨɫƵһʱ佫̫ľתޣ˫ֿٽӡ򵱼ӿϡ
Ĵʣȴǳ嫷ǳǿʼһֱʹó𶯣ӲĻƬ磬ʹòԶڤ涼ͫһ
ʲô
Ŷεڤǿ־ɣܹоĴǿᣬȴǱϲʲôĴʾ֭Ҳ벻
ģȫʩΪʩչޣΪĸоڰ췣Ŀֲͨͨܵס׷
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ磬ʮռ䶼ΪĴŤ
һ̣һը
Уʮ縡ֶÿһ綼֯ſֲϢÿһ綼·ּ̧ɱǿߡ
ھ׷
ʱɫ̲סҧ
ģ
ڰ׷£ھ׷ѹ
Ҫǣھ׷ֶһ˲䣬ֱһɺܲõĸоǱǡⳡ췣Բס֣
䣡
ھ׷䣬ʮԼʶһ㣬һɱ¡
ҧͨâŨֻͼֱںϣ۳ǿĴֻͼ
ͷŴֻͼԡ׹⣬һ񷣬µ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ԴֻͼͬʱӶȭһȭȭʥ޶
սǳǿᣬǳˣȻʱµĵڰ׷͵ھ׷ӿ£ĽˮһѹʮˣѪת۱ͷϣ˺ɳȥǧԶѪˮȾ塣
ԶڤĲ׷ǿһӾ⡣
䣡

ڵϣʮ׷֣ΪƬӰÿһͷֲˡ
Ÿֵһɲǣʮ׷ֱѹ£ܼӰѹһС
סΣʱǾʱɫɵҧȻֹ֣
һ̣˲һƬһɾʹУȴû˿η֮ɫΪη𲻵˿á
ͷŴֻͼϣ̫ľתĸ죬һ߻Ӷȭһ߼콣ֱѹ̮顣
սˣг棬һ׽٣Ӳ磬նܼӰɫ⽻֯Ƭռÿһ䡣
׷һ䣬Ȼֲĺܣ׷гѪˮһ鲼Ѻۣͬմɰʱ飬ѪȾ졣
ˣ
𶯣ٴը
ձøˣٸǵķΧø㣬⳾Ĵأס
Уʮһ췣Ϊһž޴׹ʯһ㡣
ֱһʮɣ֯ŵĻϢ־壬¡¡ѹ죬֮һ𣬻δ£رǿʼݡ
ȳɺֲܿʹüԶڤ涼̲סķ¶
٣˭ܵס
Ǵ˵еǿʣġʣ
ڤ淢ͷƤˡ
׷ߵھŶΣҲ˿ԼԵ¡
ӭϣԻ
䣡
ʮһ׷գ۱Ƶͷ׷һѹ䡣
ҧȫ֧Ŵֻͼӭϡ
͵һֻͼ˲飬˫Ҳ̼仯ƬѪ
׷ϡ
ۣ
ѪˮĽɣֿµ׷һ£ֱӽķ顣
ˣȴδ䶯תۼ¾۳ǡ
ڴϢӿѪ֮ϡ
գڡ
ƣɴڡ
ˣ
һըʮ׷ѹ䡣
ҧ˫ȭգѾڲٴα⡣
٣ɱ

ɫֱϣȭչ𶯳գȭĻꡣ
ȭͨһ磬Ѫˮ
ˣ
죬ʮ
³棬һδαһδٴؾۣս
ܿ죬̵ʮ췣󣬵ʮ췣׹䡣
ʮռ䣬ȫѹֺͻԵϢû
󣬵ʮ췣ʮ췣͵ʮ췣̽٣һƬƬĿֲٵɱ죬һδν飬Բʮأ׻档
ۣ
ڶʮһ飬ʮ׷ʧ
ģѪ䶯΢ѪɫƬ̺۳ǡ
ǹ𣿣ֻ塭ôǿ󣿣
Զڤ
Եھ׷ʼ֮ÿһ췣ǾԵģھŶҲû˿ĿԵֵǵ췣һУԻʣȻȴۿһ·Ϳһ׷һֱ֧ŵ˵ʮ췣սߵͷﶼоһ־塣
Ҫ֪Ǹոΰ
ξµǺεȵĿ£εȵˣ
ģϣӿѪ巢ͷŲ񷡣
գôڡ
ˣ
̶ٴʮ졣
ڵУʮ췣֣һſ۶ɵǳ֣壬һƬǿա
ֹסķϢϣھʹ
ҧǿת̫ľһƵĽɫԵú΢
ˣ
һ
ģ͵һ𣬱µĻϢĵգһˤ档
ȣ
пѪҵĸ飬֮ϵѺ۸ˣѪˮ
վȴȫûһָúܼѣڵȻȫɿݡ
ˣ
죬ʮ׷ˣһƬǿգЯ֮ѹ¡


1318 񽣳նڤ
һƬڣʮ׷ֲԽ۳ǳһƬǿգƺƵĴӲѹ䣬ѹֺͻϢʮռһ̮
Ҷ
еͺڵ棬ƴȴĶˡ
ڵȫݽߣϢ˵͹ȣԴѾóװȻһͨĴʿʱҲ׽ɱ
䣡
ǿѹ£ٶȷǳ֮һȴԻ١
ڲƵĵرѪˮŻѹµǿգƴҪվȴʼá
ʮֿµ췣˵̫ˣʱѾȫ޷ֻĿǿճѹ
һʱ䣬Щסˡ
Ҫ𡣡
Щɬ
ʮأѣÿζ˹ˡ
ɿݣԶԲѹǿգû˿취
Ѫˮһƴӿлһʼ֪ⳡٺѶɹȥһ̣ܡ
ɲȥ
ûԸҲһ̫᲻µĶԸ
ڲƵĵ棬һ̣뵽˺ܶ࣬뵽Ϧ뵽˼ꡢѩҹ棬ܹ᣿뵽˰ơӢۡС̫ԡŶ뵽ϾƹϾˣˣͶˡ
һŮӵӰԺУôƽͣôİ
£ĺϤҵסʲô
УѪˮͣ
뵽£ʱоܣԼƺ˺ҪĶ
䣡
ǿѹ䣬رøڡ
ԶڤֹסĲٳŸԶȥԶԶĿ
ˣ
ŻȾѪ죬ɵҧһ˿⣬ͬʱܡ
챻ޣɱֻرԴҲһɢòؼأһź

ҧνǸᵽ˼㡣
䣡
Х쳹
ǿѹٶȿʼ죬Ϣøӿ£ʮռ䡣
ȾѪʱҰģˣֻܿǿճѹ
ԺУһϤӰ֣ϡ䣬·ǵ
Ҳ
ҰģӿѪӬһ㡣
ǿգЯϢתͷ
쳹׾ˣǿѹ䣬˫ۻϡ
ˣ
ʱüһ߲ɫâӿֶת۽֡
ʶڣ߲𶯣Ϣ仮ʶǰ
񽣳ߣϱ鲼ƣĪ⣬Աʶ
һ˲䣬ѹǿֹסˣͬǱһεĴס˰£һ͵ĴֻתۼǷһɶ
ͬʱڵĲ񷶼ɵúݺݵ¡
ˣ
һ߲⻷죬壬ۿɼٶȻָ
Ȼ͵˫ۣݡ
⡭ǣ
ǰ񽣣ͫײɵô
ʶڵ񽣣Լ˳Ϊ壡
⡭
ſڽ࣬סˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѫ𶯣߲ɫ⽫֮ƣ̼ȬȫȫϵѺ۳ʧԴһƬ
һָ̻۷壬о˻ʼһ˲ֱվ
ˣ
߲񽣽߲֯ʹ⣬ǰʹϵն΢΢ЩŤ
ǰ񽣣ͫ˸Ǿâ
ͬˣԶڤʧɫ
ǣôܣ
ԶŶεڤǿɫסĲ
վԶĿ߲񽣴ʶлḶ߲́һѹµǿ˲飬ضһ¡̲ס㤣첻Ϊֻ壬ھһ񽣣Բ챦ɱȣ
⣬⡭
ԶԶĿ߲񽣣𺧣ֲɵ¶һḬ̃
ǿﵽھŶΣԲĸо߲ɫ񽣵Ŀ£ԶԶ챦ķ룬ܵõ񽣣Ǹöã
֮£Ĵ쾪񽣵ͻȻ֣ܱߵȴҲӦʱȻǲڤĿ⣬ƫͷڤ濴ȥ
ӭ쿴ڤ治һ̲סŵŵĺһ
㡭
ʱӭǿڤ棬ɵһɺ⡣
һЦƫͷĿǰϡ
ˡ
ԹԵĵ
񽣾ʶУƿزˣһлʶ໤ԻƬǿ£Կ
ڰľУ񽣣
ˣ
߲񽣳˿˿Ƶ߲ʹâ֯ʱûгʶ
߲ɫ񽣣ɨԶڤ棬˶ٺһ̧񽣣ָ쿪񽣵Ľ֮ϡ
鲼֯һƵ߲ʹ⣬ûеֿһ̣񽣽ϵָ£ס񽣡
ɲǼ䣬ǿ͵һ񽣣˿ֻо·ס֮߱һ㣬ܹ׼佫ննΪΡ
񽣣ʱоһУһն
񷣬ɫкʣʮ˵𣬻Ҫһʱܸ£ֻһ΢С׹䡣
񽣣վڲƵϣĿӲƿԶڤ档
㡭
ڤһٴӭ񣬿гŵ߲񽣣һʱһɻָ̿УŵŵɵĺˣһڤԶ
оɱ⣬ʱֻӱܣܲӳٵķΧ
еǱ񽣣־塣
ಣ
ƿصֻգۼѣھŶεڤȥʮ
쿴ŶԷķ򣬲׷̧񽣣ŶԷԶݵķƽն¡
͵һ죬նˣһ߲ʹһУ⳾նΪ롣
ۣ
ûвҽʮ⣬һĿѪըڤϢ˲ʧӰ١
һն
ȻоڤĿԶջأ֮ϡ
ǿ
н֯տտâһ֪񽣷ǳ£ʱ̲סԾ
ղţֻ˳նе񽣣һûʹãǣȴʮھŶεڤնһҽжδ
£
ˣ
ʱĺڰӣ˴⳾
һ̣ѿˣʮ׷չ¶һӰֶʹͷʿжϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰ
ֻɲǼ䣬⳾޾âӿֶƬƺһ̾Ҫ߽⡣


1319 ʮ
ڣиֳӰÿһ֯ޱȿֲϢ׼ܷǧ磬⳾һ̱ڵ޾ǸоһɻصϢÿһǷĲ
죬աô䰵ˣ
ô£
⣬Ϣ
־壬սս
ѹֺͻϢƮƬÿһ䣬ڰ˴أĩռ١
Ƭ嫵ķ⳾ڤʿ飬һ̽ڲ
ˣ
쳹⳾
ڵؼͬһҰ׵Ĺ⻮ӳһ˵ľ
Ƭռһڷ磬̹ǣʣļ¡
վڲƵϣɫĲ񷣬иֳһӰʵŵģַ·ɴĴ۶ɣԺܿ¡
Ѿˡ

ɹ٣һΣ٣һ׷ȳ
Ȼƣһαһο¡
ˣ
񷷢һƵĺ绮أܼٹ⾶ֱѹ䡣
Щֻǵʮ׷ͨٵ磬ŵĻϢȴޱȿ£ÿһȵʮ׷ֻգۼǰ
⣬߲⽻߲֯ͬսװ㽫֣֮µĽֹס͵з飬߲Ϣס
䣡
Ľ£һ绮ڵ磬Ұ׵Щˡ
ңͬʱʹų
Ӱȫ۶ɣûʲô飬ȥҲǳģȴ·ԴȪ֮ǰʮ׷Ҫֲٱš
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ʹֻһһƬ֮Ϣˣͬع˻ԭʼһ㣬ζԻָԭ˵ĺܡ
ֳ߲񽣣̧ӭǰһ߲ʹͬƽˮһŲϵ
ĳƬʹ˲һһķ鿪
߲񽣵ǿ
䣡
ںɫĲϣܼ粻£øӿ¡
׻˲佫طû
ƵĴϣֳ񽣣â壬нȫ
ûһ׿˵
һ
ϵޱ̧е߲񽣣ֱָ񷡣
ڣٷ·Լʶһ̸оƣֱӱһ˲ǱˣѹֺͻϢʮ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һһʣޱһ̺ƺƵѹ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ڰޱߵĲϣʹͷʿϱ۵顢׿ޡʧĿѪӰֲһĿֲӰһޱߵһѹ£֮ͬԴҪƬظݻٵ
ʱƬش𶯣Ƭ⳾ֱӱϢ֣龪֡
һˡ

վڲƵĵرϣѹµһ׷ĸоǵȾϢǴ˿ȴûһ˿һļɵн֯տտâ
䣡
̫ľתɫֱ͸ڵĿռ
ˡ
е߲񽣣ϢӭԲѹµľ׷͵һŲնȥ
ﬣ
ĽХ쳹⳾һߵ磬޾
߲𶯣Ļնһ߳߳Ľâ߲ɫƺƵĳŲ֮նȥ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
߽߳âޱȣ죬֮һѹµ̼۶ɵʹͷʿϱ顢׿޺ʧĿѪӰҲһ˲Ǳ飬סµһ
߽߳âûɢ񷣬ɲǼǽڵնķ飬ŸңԶջȥϢӿ߲ʹâ죬ѹ

һ촫մ˰㣬̶࣬
ȥɫһ̱նķɢ޾ңԶϣ߽߳âնһ߳߳Ĵѷ죬λõӿ
ޱŨޱȾˣȴַǳͣ·޾ϣ
ˣޡ
ʱվڲƵĵرңԶϵ߳ѷ죬ѷӿ⣬оһɲƬϢ죬嫣ΰ
⡭ѵǣ
߳߳ѷ죬ͫʶɾ
ѷϢ졢嫺ΰԲڵһ򵽵ھκһƬ磬·޾Ŀܡ
̺֮嫣ȵһ򵽵ھκεطҪŨ·һƬµ磬ʹ궼ɵһ¡
ǺĿռһֱǵǱ߹ľƬ硣
Ǻ棬ǡʮ򣿣
뷨ֱп϶
Լĸ֪ԼֱǺ棬ǵʮ
߲񽣣һ̣ն˵ʮıݣ
Զ߳ѷһӿʱʼСϡ
һ͵ҧ̫ľֱת㣬Ľâ
һ̣ûԥݺһ̤رһɫ糯ѷȥ
ಣ
ƿյ̶ǳڴ˿̽ھصǲʩչޣȫ⻯ʹϵĿռ䶼ģˣ˲Ϣ
߳ѷرԶϣ߳߱䵽ߡ䵽ߣ䵽ĳߣ䵽ߣ䵽ߣڳױպǰһ˲䣬վǳС
ڰҰӰʧڷ⳾ϢҲ˲Ϣʧ
Ҳ֪˶ã¸֣𶯣һʹֱ˳ȥʵʵĵϣ΢Զᡣ
ȥĿʮڣرԱ鲼ɫĲ꣬ÿһ궼ǴԼһ߸ߣÿһ궼һżмʯУһַǳĸо
켫ĿԶ󣬼ĳǰȫһ¡
Ƭռڣûΰĸɽļ󣬸ûǿ飬ԶƽԭһƬƽ̹ÿһ䶼Ǳ鲼ꡣ
磬·һƬƽ̹ԭÿһ䣬㵥һ
վƬռĵر㣬ڷƮ
ǡʮ򣿡
Щסˡ
ʮĳһĹɽǧŲɿݵɺӣǰȴĿеһҲһƬռ䣬˺ޱߡƥϢΰ⣬һУһƬߡ
ˣ
𶯣Ƭռڴŵ磬ڴ˿̺øºЩ
ͷɸߵմһ߲ƻ۶߲ɫ⻷ϣ֯ž˵ܣ㳯˲佫С


1320 ۻʺʮ󾳽
ɢ߲նķ飬Ȼ뿪˷⳾Ƭɽ֮أһƬµؼĴȴܸ֪ڣʱ۳߲ɫƣһƵ֮Ϸ£ûڡ
𣬿ϵ߲ƣ߲µ߲ǳ󣬵ǿԼת̫ľɿûڵ⣬ʹñ⻯ӿȫ
ʱ䣬Ľɫóһٶ
ˣһۣʱȥĽɫøӳңͬһƽɫĻȼգϵնȾһĿĽɫ
䣡
һ̣һǿϢڵһɸ͵쫷Ƶܡ
̶߲߲̰ʱʱ䣬ڶΡ
ңƲûоʹֹסľɻڼٶȺܿ졣
ˣֱֹȥӣϢǱȶĽɫ֮ǰֳΪͣڶ۷Σˡ
ȭоԼս֮ɽǰǿ˺ܶ౶Ѫ⡢ͱԴǿˣڶ۷ΪҲǷǳȶκΪ̡
ܺá

ٵһôֻҪɹȥˣȻʵǣԽǿµ٣ɹȥĺôԽ
ͣ
һ촫ϣ߲ɫͬĭһֽ⣬һ̻ɢ
쳯ͷۣκջĿ⣬ܡ
´Ƭռ䣬ȥÿһ䶼һľԭƽ̹ɫĲ鲼ʮеŨǳ
ʮ򣬾Ȼ𡣡

վطΰɽ׳ɺӣȴܺܿ϶ǵʮΪܺĸоƬĺ嫣ȵھٰٱңΪҪǣƬϢǳΰԶ漸ȡ
Ѿ»صʶУɨƬ羰һ磬ԭض˶ٺѭһǰȥ

Ƭ͵紵һһҡڣ۲һͬһɫĺˡ
ֻǣܣÿȴʼһ߳Զ仯˿
Ӻƽͺڷڷаڶ֪߳ʮ
߳ôԶܱһɽӴ󴨣޺򵥵Ϻͷɳ涼һֻ
磬𡣡
Щ
ʮ򣬾Ȼô򵥡
ˣ
ͻȻѾصʶײ΢𶯣һƵ߲ɫ⵴ֱָƬ
Ųһ٣ʶеʱ𶯣ֱָƬ̵Ŀտ΢


ʶе񽣣ǳأֻҪ춯ԷǱѰÿζˡ
춯ֱָƬû˿ԥֱ٣Ƭ򶫷ȥ
ûգڵرУٶȴǿľˣһڵرƶһһӰֻתۼ˰ľ롣
һۣһʱȥ
紵Ƭ磬첻֪˶Զ룬ʱͣ˽Ų
ǰһʯһΰϢ֯ϣͬһ㡣
ǣ
ʯʱݣ
ȥʯңҲ֪˶ôƾõ£翪ʱʹڵһ㣬ʱ䳤ӵϢǵȺ嫺ԶԲϿӡһϵ׭֣ÿһ׭嶼һ̾Ϣ
塢ʶաͨɡ桢硭ʯϵĹ׭彻֯ŷǳҺ嫵Ϣ£Ȼһ󾳽ΡʹĹ׭壬ۿաࡢ㡢ɡɡɡɡʡۡ
⡭
ʯϵһ׭壬סˡ
ⷽԼʯڣ˲·ϵһ󾳽Σ
塢ʶաͨɡ桢硭ۿաࡢ㡢ɡɡɡɡʡۡǰʯĪۻʾ֮󣬾ʮ󾳽磿
⡭˭µģ
𺳡
ʯϵ׭彻֯ŷǳ˵ϢӶɣܺĿΪӡ£ָ¡Ϊڡ֮ۡһСָӡָӡǳƺڿӡʱõܴʹָӡм΢СѺۣǻӡʲôȴûпӡ


1321 Ϊ
ǰʯʯϵһ׭壬ľסˣ澹Ȼӡ·ϵһ󾳽Σ嵽ۻʣ󣬺滹ʮ󾳽磬𺳡û·ôԶ
ʮأ뵽𾳲ΣȴȻ·һ·̶߹
⾿˭ӡ£

ܹⷽʯϿ´徳۾д󾳽磬˵Щ׭ˣѾߵ۾ΣڣһµĲ룬һд󾳽磬ǿӡЩֵ˿
⡭
𺳡
ߵʯֱǳ·˵磡
վʯǰסˡ
Щֵˣߵ۾пһд󾳽Ŀߣ˾кεǿ󣿶ңʯʮôЩֵˣһд󾳽ˣѵʮˣ
뵽̲ס𺳡
ʮôǿˣ
ˡǺεȵĴڣ
ˣ
ʱʶУ߲ɫٴһ߲ʹԴʶе䷽ֱָǰʯ
춯ݣ˶٣ǰȥֻѣʯĽǰ
뿿ʯоһɰѹʯϣһϵ׭ֺʣԾӲɣ·һͷͷĹԲ
ʶеߵʯǰ̲סʯϣʯϵһ׭壬ֻо岻ɵһһȫ
Ҳʱʯͻأһϵһַ·˰㣬âš
ʱһϼ̫ǿ۾оʹϵĿռŤ
һ׭巢⣬ַ·ʯϣȻѳ
ˣ
âŨܵĿһŤͬƽˮ㡣
һ̣һͬմʯϣѺۿʼ֡
Ѻڱͬ֩һܡ
һʯϣʱҲ޷أһǿסˣʯȻһıѣ



һʮʯķѣȫ飬ɳͬǹһɢͬطա
⡭
Ծ
·һ󾳽εĹʯȻǰˡ
ˣ
âƣɡ
ٴ𾪣ʯʱˣǣʯϵһ׭ȴõıͬһƮڿУһͷͷڴ⡣
𺳣Щϵ׭֣ʯڣȻûʧ
ˣ
һϵ׭ʯ棬ƮڿУʧһ̷·ǹ۶ɣ·Լʶһ𶯣㻷
һʱ䣬Ƭԭ͵øһ׭彻֯ϢŰϣ΢⣬ʹƬƥʵʵĹâһĴ˷תۼ佫طû
ʱһƥڵ̫ľת٣ΰ嫵ܣɿ
ֻ̼ѣľʼһ˵ٶȱǿΪҲڽ
ʹԾٴĲ
ʯϵĹ׭ΧȻʮڵȫ˹
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ǳǿʢŨǴƬĸȫ۳ʵʵĹڳطͬʱһƿյΰ
Ⱥΰ֮УûֻоԼ뵽˴˵еһ㣬񲻶ǿΪŷɿ
ֻ֮Ƕ̶̵İӹȥһһǿڵһɹǿ쫷磬ڶ۷뵽βΡ
ңﵽκƬⲻϳӿ壬ľΪڷһ˼ٶڳĶζȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ϣһ׭Էʯ䣬ΧٶȱԽԽ죬âԽԽŨͬһͷͷüļû룬ֻתۼǳʶУʶϿշҫԡ
⣿
һΪһĻʧɫ
Щ׭壬ԷʯڣƬĺܣһ̾ȻֱӳʶС
ˣ
һ׭ʶʶϿ𶯣âŨңȴ͡
ͬһյյƣͬһͷͷʶڣʹʶڵҡҷ죬֯һƺڰɫıԴ⡣
ˣ
ʶϿյһ׭𶯣ԸŨ
һ̣Щ׭һһʼ⣬գۼ飬һƬƬҵԷ׷ƮʶϿգƮܣʶ
쵱һʶ֮ڵӾҵҡҷһ˾ͷ­һɹɾҵĴʹС
ͬʱԺвĶණԼĪĺƴʶͬһϴʶΪ
壺ѪǣԪ
Ѩ
ʶ֮ʶ
գԪ˿ɼԦա
ͨɣԪǡ
أ򷨡
棺壬塣
Ϊԡ𡣡
磺ۻƵۻʾΪʮأǰŵۻʣĩ𡣡
ۿգǿձԴٶѪǣǷ塣
ࣺɷǿԴ챾Դꡣ
㣺࣬겻ͬ١
ɣ
һ׭廯ʶ֮һƴ·ڶϽһģҪ帡Уʹ
嵽磬ӵۿյۣһ󾳽壬һ󾳽УһȫȻʶ·һӡǣҪԽԽ
嵽ÿ󾳽־С̨ס
ΣƵۻʾʵΪʮأǰΪۻʣĩŶΪ𡣡
ۿۣÿ󾳽㣬ڣжΣ۷塣
૵
ﵽ㾳󣬱ɳװ£ˡ
вɵһ貹
㣬
飬Ŀͬ٣
ڣ뵽һЩ󾳽磬ȻػԴ䣡
㣬
еĹøŨ
ʶڣһ׭ĹԳʶеÿһ䣬ǵĪĺƴ˲Ϣʧ
䣡
𶯣һ̷⣬Ϊ
ֻգۼѣΪ뵽ĶβΡ
ң˿ûҪֹסƣϳ塣
ˣ
ʮأһٵĳطûУʹٶȱø죬Ϊĳ


1322 ʮ
ʮռӿ̫ˣͬһ㣬Уһ׭ʶһ˿˿ϣľΪԶͣ£ڷɿѪͬɽ緢㲻ϱǿ
ˣ
⽻֯˵ԣɫΪøŨɫȼգܵĿռȾøӳ𣬾رɫ궼һ㵭ɫ
վԭأʱһ߸·ϵ󾳽Ҫ壬һת̫ľӿٵӿطİΪ
ʱΪٶȱø졣
ֻȥʱʱ䣬ǳһǿܣΪһη仯Ķο뵽Ρ
ͬʱ΢ʯ飬ʯϵһʶоԼ·Ƭ嫵ĵʮΪһ㣬ݵʱƬޱߵĴ֪
УΪһǣⷽʮļ̵ϡ
ʯϵĹ׭֯ǿµ£͸ʯӰƬϣʹ֮üͨʿ޷֮ơ

ʮڴ룬ʮռڣ貵ڳط˿ûҪͣµƣƬڵһſŲҡҷɫˡ
ת̫ľĬĬУʱвɵһƵĽɫâ
ڣƬϣعԭʼ

ʮ֮ǰ̣һǿ߶޷֮ƿΪʯϵĹ׭֯ŵǿ͸ʯӿڣʹƬϱüʯϵЩ׭ȫʶڣϢ棬ЩϢʹƬϻָ״̬ǸʱֻҪ׼۾εΪܽ뵽Ƭ
ӿ⣬ľΪУâŨ
һ˫ֵһʱ䶯ٽӡת
¡
ʶڻŵЩ׭ϢΪϢһ⣬ƬĵصףӿƬ֮ڡ
һⱻƬڣƬķ磬ʼҡ
رһſ꣬ҡҷķȱø
ϣ̶̳ڽ͡
н֯һƵâ˲ǲƬϵı仯
תĸ죬ʶиЩ׭ϢƬ֮УʹƬԸٶȳԭʼ״̬عȥ
²ʿǣÿ˶һܳʮ򣬽ﵽ߲Σһ·ϣ֤࣬ǣʮǼ̵ϣȴǽһʿǵ·µʵʵǾĩ·
뵽Ƭ֪ƬΪǰ̣зʹƬϻع鵽ԭʼ״̬ӶʹǿнƬϣͻᣬ߲ܳΣȻɡңҪ˺ҲǴŲڣֻΪЩҲô
ο¶ԣ˿ˣǺЩѡ
ˣ
תʶЩ׭Ϣһƻƣ֮ƬĵصףӿڣʹϸĻָԭʼ

ھ򡭡
ھһ̣ƬĲһƹâɢһ̱Ťͬˮưӿǳ
ͬʱƬ֯ŵҲǿʼǿתۼŨһ
һƬ͡
һʱ䣬Ƭ̺ǿ߽Զݡ
ǣ
ڷ⣬ǿ⡭
ô£
ʿȡ
ھ䣬ڷʱԽΪǿˣȱ仯ĸܱԽԽԡ
գڱ
ǿĵۻŲ񷣬
ʱһƵţƬھϷĹâøŨĲǻһԴ㣬Ƭڵڲǿ
⡭
ô£
Ƭ硭ôˣ
ƬԽԽʿȣһĻﶼʿ߳
ھ򣬼ʿʱ򶼿ա
Ҳʱһ񷴫£Ƶھ˵ھµ˲򣺡ʮպ󣬵ʮ⣬ﵽ׼۲ϣƿʮϣסʮѹʮ졣
ԵھĲ£·ǴһƬ紫ȴԶһʱʹõھ˲˽ʧɫһ¶𾪵ı顣
ǵھͥһɱɽһŲ񷣬ȫۣȻԴͥ䣬˶Ǵ󾪣𺳵˵
ͥϦͼŮС̫ͰˣҲʧɫ
ǡ
ϦԾ
ûСӵǼһȻӵھն˴Ƶʮ򽫽⣿Ҳ𾪣ֱֱĶŲ񷣬ͫײɵ͵Ľ˫Ŀ¶𺧵ı飺ѵѵڡڵʮ򣿽˵ʮȥ⳾׽𣿣ôᡭ
һǰǰ⳾ɽ٣һȻǣһ𣬵ȴɽٹ󣬵ھճ䣬ǶԾڿŲ񷣬ȴǲ룬Ȼӵھն˴
ҪǣĻʵ̫ˣȻơʮպ󣬵ʮ򽫽⣬ֻҪﵽ׼۾αǶԿ뵽ʮ
Ҫ֪ǿǵʮ򰡣ʮ˵еϵ磬ʮûκһʿгһܹУȴΪΪʮʵ̫ˣȻһͷǿҲ޷ƿ촫Ƶʮ򽫽⣬ʮպ󣬵ﵽ׼۲ε˶ܿϣȻŵʵ̫ˡ
ʮԣʮʿԣȻ˵ǵ߸ԵģʮκʿΪ֮𺧡
⣬һ
ʲô
桭Ľ˵ʮƬ˵е򣿣
ͼ˾ȡ
˶С̫ɴֱֱۣĿŲ񷡣
ͬʱھ̵һ𾪣ȻҲУΪǰһսڤ壬ǡ
ɵ۵ӵھ£
ʮ򽫽⣬ʮպ׼ۼϵˣԿԿʮ򣿣
ͥɵۣڵʮ򣿵ˡʮ򣿣
յ䣬ɵйأɵۣڽʮ򣿣
ʮպҵȿԿ봫˵еƬ򣿿Գߵľ磿
ھһʱ񷣬¶Ȼ֮ɫ


1323 紫
ھסˣʿһŹâҫ۵գͫʲסľ
ɵۣ˵ʮ򣿣
һʿȻ
ʮʮϵ򣬴˵еʿҪϵڣ˾Ȼȥˣ
Ȼ˴˵еĵʮڣ
ɣɵ
ȫǱסˡ
ʮ򣬽⣿ɵۣڵʮڽʮϣ
ʮգ׼ۼϵˣܿУ
⣬⡭
ھڿŲ񷣬ۣ˶𺳣𾪡
Ȼм
ɵ۵ûɵô˵ˣǾһʵ
ɵۣƷʮǣϣͻȥˣԽƬ򣡡
̫̫ˣ̫ˣ
嫵ĵھʿ˷ܡ
ǵھǴ漸һʿ𺧡
ڡĹȡ׼ҡ𻯵ŵȣһйصĴѡ
ʦ֣˴˵еĵʮ죿Ƿڣ˳˵ʮ죡
е𾪼ķ
뵽˴˵еĵʮ£ֻ£𺳡
Ͼǿǵʮ򰡣ʮ˵еģ̺֮ص

ʮ򡭡
ʮɫ⽻֯ԽԽŨҡ
Ƭڣ࣬ǣʶڵЩ׭ϢЩϢʮϣʹʯϵĹ׭ʮϵӰ컺ʧʹָԭʼ״̬
ˣ
Ƭ嫵ڴ˷ӿٶȺܿ죬ûҪͣµƣǵȺ嫵ϻһʵʺ󣬽УӿڣʹľΪԷɿ
һת̫ľЩһʶڵЩµϢָʮϣܼƴŵӿ
£Щ׭ϢʮЩĹ׭ϵӰ죬ʩҪյʱ䣬ʩϺʮϣʮշָʼ״̬
Եʮ֪漸˹£תĸ죬̫ľҲתĸ죬ΪڼٶȾˡ
ͬʱ˶٣ٴγŲ·ֶܷʮ㾳塢ʶաͨɡ桢硭ӵϣۻʾΪۿվླ㾳ɾɾɾɾ񾳡񾳡ʾ۾
Ϊʮʿ֪ۻʾʮ󾳽ΣұȽϸΪʮʿÿһ󾳽Ҫ͸εУͬʱҲʹԼһ󾳽
һʱ䣬ʮʿӴ
ͥɵۣڿΪҵȴ
塢ʶաͨɡ桢硢ۿաࡢ㡢ɡɡɡɡʡۣ⡭
ۻʾ󣬾˶ĲΣ⣬£ֱֱǡ
ʮһʿ𾪡
һʿΪۻʾеľͷˣԵʮǵ֪ۻʾȻʮ󾳽Σۻʾ·жζﵽʹʮʿ𺳡
ͬһʱ䣬콲һ󾳽εҪ壬ʿø𺳡
ﵽ㾳ͬ٣
⡭ǵʮ̺ν֮𣿣ɵ۽ʮڵʮõЩ
ǣУĿԳɾ
ʿȻǵۻʼҲ⡣
¼ʿԣֵķʵ̫ˣѹһС
ԹʮʱʿƴУռĿ꣬㶼ǡ֣ǣǷĿһֱһɻµʮڴ̺֮գû˼֪ҲʼղȷѾΪûпֻΡ
ȻԵʮΪʮʿۻʾһ󾳽磬󾳽Ҫ壬֪ˣʿֻҪﵽ㾳磬ɲ಻ͬ٣һʿ𾪡˷ܡ
£ʮʿǶԣʵ̫ˣԽһС
ɵۣƷʮΪҵȴ⣬⡭
ʿ
Ʒʮ򣬿Ͻ֮أʮʿǶԣĶ£֮ʿжʿм
УȻ󲿷ʿܴﵽ㾳ﵽ׼۾ʮ򶼺ѣǣ촫Ȼ֪ǿԴﵽģȴǸϣŻƽ֮ˣгɾĿܣһжҪ֮ˣһȷпܴﵽĿꡣ
֮·˳
˸壡
ɵۣ
ɵۣ
ɵۣ
ʮʿһ̲סźжͼĲѡ

ʮһתʶڵЩ׭Ϣʮϣһת̫ľһΪʮһʿԵúܿ飬ͬһ㣬һޱׯϵĸоһۡ
ʮطûһ̣һƹƬĵرӿִɫºʹֺ󣬽ԳӿͬɫĹһϣƬص⣬һӿڡ
ʱϵϢٵɱǣΪԾʽ
ǣ
΢ݡ
ȴ׹âǵһμƽڰҺɵУҲȹâƮΰһΣһεȴɫâŨҲ࣬ʮڵҪˣԭʼʥ
ƬϣȻʱʹ֮ԭʼ״̬ȥȴָ޷ͨȼ̵Ͽ²Ļ档ȻȻˣȴܸоȹâ²Ʈ뵽Ƭ
ȹâȫӵʮǻ̵ϣ˿
⡭
Ծ
ȹâ̫Ƿˣ
Ϊƽʮϣ򽲵ʮһʿмͳ羴
Щ²⡣
ǵڶνܵȹâ˽һЩΪƽڰҺЩµʿΪĸмͳ羴⡣
Щȣ֪ȹâܾˣĪļֵһ̫ľתĸ죬һٶȹâɿʹӿ뵽ڵÿһ䣬Ѫ⡢ǡʶͱԴȡ


1324 ˻
׹â̺ΰҺŨܶ࣬ŵʮİһӿڣ̫ľʹľΪٶȱø졣
ˣ
ڣɫŨܵĿռҫĸӳ𣬿֮Ť
ת̫ľȴ׹â壬˱øӿ飬ʶеĹ׭µϢʮҼΪʮһʿ
󣬴²嵽ʮִɫâŨˡ
һʱ䣬Ϊٶٴӣֻתۼ뵽۷塣
ңƲûͣ£ڳš
ˣһƷʮϣһΪʮʿۻʾ󾳽Ҫ壬һת̫ľܿһʱȥ
䣡
ʱһǿϢڳΪδﵽΣطһɹǿʢĽɫ쫷硣
£Ȼȴʱ⣬ǸרעƷʮ򣬸ΪʮʿΪƷʮΪЩʿͬʱʮЩʿõ˻ִֻ׹âȹâ̺̫죬̫ΰӵзǷԶ
ʼƷʮΪЩ˽ʱûҪõʲôͻرȻõ˻رôãԼӦȥԴ
ɣ࣬겻𣬵ݻɵֽ̧Ϊ
ɣɵ
ɣɵͨսƥ
͸ʮ漸

ھĹâøŨϵնȥȴºͣһҲûдĿС
ʱƬڣʿͣԭŵһ£Ųµ
ͬһʱ䣬͸ϣ䵽İ˲򣬰˲ʿˣÿ˶ԭϥ£ڸתԵĹž
ңʿ૸ɢϢҲɵñø
䣡
䣡
䣡
ãһ򵽵ھԭƿͻƵʿʱ֪ԽϰΪ뵽µвڡ

ʮâƣдĿ
ˣ
ӿĴɫâԽԽ࣬ŴʮڳһڣʹľΪҲŽڽ
ɫרע棬һ߽ʮһ߼ΪʿС
ˣһۣչȥ
պһ죬ͣת׭ʶеϢҲȫĹ⡣
ˡ

ʱ򣬵ʮɼ̣һҲ޷ƿʱƣȴعԭʼʮգ²ڵﵽ׼۲εʿǽԿɿ
ƬУľŲУҪʮ

ʮܵһĴƽԭڣȴŨû˵Կȡ°빦ЧŲȡ
ˣ
⣬ɫŨâƬΰĴɫâ²ӿֱֹȥʱ䣬߲Ƕϡ
󣬵ֹȥʱ䣬²ӿĴɫâʧˣΨһڴƬĸƮǰϡࡣ
߶Σ
ʱͣһƾâĸоԼǿ
ʱڤǵȲεˣԼ򵥵һȭ㽫ԷɱĶ֣ۿվ¾޵С
ã
оâŨ
ʮ˵еĵʮջʵ̫ˣϤ֮أΪڶδﵽ߶Σһεĸо
ջ̫ˣ
ȫǱ񽣣򣬲ô򵥵ĽƬõô֮࣬¡

վԭأԽԽʶе£ʵ̫ǿˡ
ԭض˶٣̫ľתƽЩ׼ȹ߶εΪ

Ƭ򣬷±رϵһƬƬ꣬ҡҷ
һƬƮϡ˼֣Χϡ
Ҳʱ򣬵׼ϥ̫ľȹ߶εΪʱʶһƬӿĵ⻷ϣʹʶвɵóһģĻ棬ƺƬĻ档
ŵӰȺƬƬ󣬳񷡣
ˣòǺģŵϢȴͷһ
̫̫𡢰ҩ𡢵𡢷𣡡
ͫ͵һ
ŵӰԺģݣϵϢȴޱϤΪ˵УȻ̫̫žҲڰЩʱ˲˳
ˣûʱ䳤Уȥһ͵˵ʮ򣿣
𾪡
ʶиĻ棬ȻΪʶЩ׭ϢʮʮһЩʵ£ʱʶʹ𺳡
ʮľŴʮʿΪѾ䣬޵£ţȴڵʮĿϣϵʮįĵʱĳ¡
Ȼʵȴˡ
ˣһͳɹ˵ʮ
⡭
Ծ
ʮˣȻܿ£
ƮϣʶУ˵ӰʧµĻ渡ֶ
һĵʮأ紵һŮϢĳ֣Űɫȹ·Ǵӻ߳Ⱦ䳾ף˼㣬Ů
£
ɫ
Ůӣôϲ̫Ϥˣɽһˣ£ϲ˵ܺ
£˵ʮ
ʶУ潻֯³ڵʮ򣬳ŸȥһʧƬ򡣶ûйȥã£ϢʧƬ
ȥƬ񷣬Ƭ̺صĵھ򣿡
˸Ŀݡ
ǸŮӣҲһ͵Ƭ
ˣ
һƬط֯øϡˣƺҪɢ
ʶУµĻ֣һһȹŮӳƬ򣬶˶ٺ󣬳Ƭߴ
ʦʦ
ֶݡ
޳ɢһصˣ콾Ͼƹ
ȹŮӣȻҲϤϾƹգ̫ϳ֮Ů
⡭
Ծ
ǰ֪ڤ彫ɱ룬ǰϾƹ̣֪Ͼƹһ뿪˷ڣ֮һ򵽵ھѰҹϾƹټŶ㣬޹룬ϾƹȻ˵ʮ


1325 ǳĿ
ϾƹȻ˵ʮ򣬳˸񷣬ʹ쵱ܳԾ
ϼһô˳Ծ

ǰұŲѰϾƹټԭϾƹѾ뿪Ų򣬽뵽ʮڡ
ƬƮԽԽϡʧʶеƬĻ棬Ҳ֮ɢȥ

Ƭ򴵷رϣһƬƬҡҷɫˮˡ
վԭأЩ
ԶŵǾŸ¡ϾƹЩˣƿ˵ʮļϣ˵ʮ
£𺳡
ڹȥѾʮƿ˵ʮϡ
Ƭ磬վԭأͶǰĺڷڷҡڣֱֹȥƽ
˶٣̧ͷ񷡣
ʶиĻУԶǾˣػ²£ϾƹǵƬ󣬶ǵһʱ˸񷡣
棬ѵʲôرĶ
¶ɫ
ʮεƲ鲼ʲôرĵطԵú
ǣȻԶǾˡ¡ϾƹڵƬһʱ񷣬ǾͱȻʮĵ
˶٣΢ɫ⽻֯⣬ڿնҲȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ն˶ϣúƲ㣬ȥ
ʱ䣬һιȥһʱ
ʱٶȸЩѾ֪˵رԶľ룬һЩ仯࣬նԣȻһ˿˿谭
ԽԽϳ壬谭ԽǿڣȥԶϾȻл⸡֣ƺͿĦ
⡭
üЩ졣
ȴûͣ£ϳ壬ҽٶȷŵĸһЩ
һۣСӹȥ
о˸ǿ谭ǰһĽ磬谭ǰС
谭Ȼǿȴ
΢ĽɫʱóЩ˲ƿǰͬο㣬һɫǴһƬ֮س˳ȥ
󣬿ռû谵Щŵɫн֯
ͣܣɫ̴䡣
⡭ǣ
ʧɫ
ȥʮռޱߣ󣬽֯䣬һſž޴ǳ׺䣬Թų棬ÿһǳ޾ԶŲͬɫ󣬵ȴޱȵ
Щ޴ǳվƬռ䣬ֱɳҪС
ǡǿգ
΢
ٵʮͬԶǾˡԼϾƹǰ񷣬Ȼǿգ
ˡ棡
⡭
סˡ
ңҹɫǿգһſǳ룬һ죬ܳ뵽ǿ֮ڡ
£ЩλãЩ죬Ϊǿľ˿ҲĲ
ܣǳĿ֯ʮɫ󣬽볯Լ·ȥ
һɫʰ쵵Ĵ·ʣ޴ޱȣʱ׼ԲΣ֯ŷǳϤĲ
ʮ򣡡
˸þƽ
ʮʵʣȻǿеһŴǣ
⡭
ɫʰ쵵ƯǣǱסˡ
ֱֹȥʮǱƽࡣ
ʮʿ֪£һԾĿɡ
Ц
Լƽʮž޴ǣ󣬶˶٣ǿп粽ŸԶЩĵطȥ뿴ǿոģ
ǿУδܵ谭ǰУĿȫͬͨ˾޷ȴӰ첻ȴڣϾѾﵽ𼶲ΣȻʳ˯ҲȫûӰ졣
ǿգͬնа㣬ԶʮǿŹǣ߳˺Զ
ȥǿԻ谵ããһƬޱ޾嫵ˡ
У̫Сˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ʱԶƿյ˳ȥֻӰǿдУٶȼ죬Ϣǿ
𡣡
ݣû뵽տǿղñʿҴ𼶸߶ȡ
ʮȻΪһԴأˣǿԴصǿߣ

ʮ⻹ʿǿߣȻһ㶼֣ϾѾ֪ʮΪǿеһŴǣȻʮǿʿǿбضҲĴǣҵԶǿʮԴصڡ
ף
ʱԶǿеȻҲ죬˷
˽ΪģȴܲɣȻѾϵ£ֱۣۺڼףĿⶼϣжоâ֡
ವģ˸ı䷽ֻգۼǰϢǿ
ûֻ壡
һ˾
죬˵ĿⶼԵЩңͬǿʲôһ㡣
Ŀ΢ʮ岻ֻΪʮ֪Ҳһ
˵񣬸оǳǿڿһ㡣
ͱԴϢ֯ܿʹñԴգȻǳԽ𼶲εҪٿҲ첻ԱԴ̽ıԴ̽Ѱſ֪
ﵽ𼶺¡
ţס˱ԴϢ
棬еڼлһĨâԱҲֱֱĶ졣
ʱ죬˵Ŀӳң˵ǳ㣬۵̰
䵭ɨһۣطȥ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ƿλλתۼ֮ƽΧ
ߣ룡
Ц
ѹ
֣
˿ڣУڼǵһʱ̯֣֯ޱߵâƺƵץ죬߶۷ΪȻȡֻرԴ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģǿ𶯣һĵƽ֯졣
һֿµĴƣǳˣڼ꣬ʱֱչһͨ
ø䣬̧־һơ
ֻһƣ˿򣬵ȴµĺˣһʱеâһ˲ǱڼĴ֡
ѪˮĽڼʱɫ㡭
ˣ
ǿ𶯣һƲ£˵Ļѹʮ
۵һһȵڼϣ˲佫ڼӳķ飬һǿǱҵĳԶˡ
䵭ָᵯһâɳֱӽ˵ᴩһĲҽУ˵ֱӸ
ʱ䣬ط˲ɫ䡣
㣬㡭
˵ŵŵɵĺˣ¿죬е̰ʧˣֱӻ˿־塣
ǿڼ꣬߶۷ΪȻּ̧͸Ĩɱˡ
ƫͷĿϡ
Ϊ߶Σǿֻ壬٣ۿվѾ޵УھŶεҲֺ̧飬ֻ߶εˣܹʲôĨɱ
ҪҵıԴ
Żŵ꣬˱ȥ䵭


1326 ǿճϫ
ȥ鵭Į
㡭ô
꣬һۣһźۣԴ߶Σʱӭɵõŵŵɵĺˣжļɵη壬ʵǱղŵһĻŵˣ߶۷ڼ꣬Ȼּ̧͸Ĩɱˡ
ͼұԴ˵ʲô
첽䡣
ͺ겻ɵö£ᣡᣡҵΪһμ˵еʣЩһǿѣûҪȡֻرԴ뷨ˣȫһᣡ
̧־ͽ߶۷ڼ˸ĨɱˣսǾ֣һۿռǿ߰㣬ĸҳԼȡֻرԴ
Ҹǻᣬúüʶһ¡
ȻĻֲǰ׳ա
䵭ˣһɰƻȻ䵴
飡
飡
ͺͬʱĺɣԴڿѪɲǼǱ㡣
㡭
סΣɫѿ
ǰɫ⽻֯⣺оΣʶ
ĮҲĮɱ⣬ȴͺ궼ĲȻоɱġ
ߣ
˶һۣһҧκζǣԶ
ߣһһӰתۼ佫£һǱȳ
飡
飡
ͺٴκɣӿѪйͷǱ
ɫ࣬ѣҪ̫ˣҵΪͨĽڳϣڸͨɱǣûʲôô
ͨ򣬽ڡ
쿴ˡ
嫵ǿգһƬƬΪλ
һƬΧڵɣźܶԴء
ˣɣ˱ȥ
ңͬһʱ䣬̧֣֯ɫ⣬ǰ¡
ͺɫӭѹĴ֣ǿͨ򿹺⡣
ҽ޵ͨ㾳Ĳ㲻Ҫ
һ߳ͨһҧ
ввң
䵭ѹµĴǿ
Щ˷ֻ壬һʱ佫ΧֱӳҪȡԴô飬۶Էʲôͷ
ˣ
ɫ⽻֯Ĵѹ£һʱͺͨȵϡ
۵һҽУըӳҲǱɫ顣
㣬㡭
ɫұ䣬ǿϵŵŵɵĺˣû뵽ǰڵžô꣬Ҳһˣս־塣
쵭ĮĿˣǰȥɫ⽻֯нɫâ۶
һ̣ͻȻֹסŲüͷ΢źĸȥ
ǸǿոԶһɹŹֵϢͻȻӿ֣ڳӿ
ֻգۼ䣬к¡¡촫ǺХ𶯡
ȥһƬɫ˳ͻأ֣Ϊ۶ɣͬ嫺ˡ
ǣ
΢һΣյĸо
ʱȻҲļ́ͷȥʱһ
ǿճϫ
ɫ䡣
ǿճϫʲô
üʵ
дžţʱȫȴҪɱĵˣŵǿĻˣһУȻۿǿҲѴǿҲܻ˶ϯһЩδ֪Ѱ·
΢⡰ǿճϫ൱ڡռ籩һĴڣ
ֻȿռ籩¡
¡¡
ǿ󷽣ǿճϫٶȼ죬ֻһգ۾Խ޾롣
춯ݣо˸µϢһв
ǴæӶݡ
ǿճϫǴ󷽳־ֻֿ֣ܳڵǸӡ
ʱҲ˲ɱˣǿճϫӿĸоĲæҲǿճϫԶȥһɫ硣
¡¡ģǿճϫһƬƬǿգһЩǳŶ
ٶȷǳ죬ź˰죬ֻתۼǾ
ߵľ룬̡
ƴܱӣǿճϫľ̡
Ⱦң
ֲǰȣȫȴղ׼Ҫնɱ
˵ȴôܻ֣ԸٶȳԶȥ

Ĳҽд쳹ʮ
쳯ֻۣɫǿճϫ룬ֻɲǼԷԷָ꣬оͺһѹһ΢СĻϣɵ£һɺ˳Žŵ׳ͷ­
ңҪǣǿճϫٶ̫ˣڼľգۼ˺ܶࡣ
ҧ̫ľתĸ죬ͨɫⱩǣĳԶȥ
һʱ䣬ٶȣϵǿնЩŤ
Ȼˣǿճϫ֮ľڲϿ£
ǿճϫٶȣļٶȻҪϲ١
¡¡
ǿ𶯣ɫĳϫͬϯſϢ֮ľ벻£ֻǹȥƬ̼ѱǿ£
궼ɵһǿճϫɵͷƤ
֣콣ʩչޣնĽǿճϫ
Ȼȴûãǿճϫڶֱӽɫ콣ˡ
¡¡
ǿճϫӿٴ룬ĸܵǿնˡ
켫ٳǰ壬ȴ룬һֱ̣ӱ뵽ǿճϫ֮С
ֻɲǼѣо˿µϣǿճϫѹֲ˼㣬ǿڵս壬Ҳִ̼ƬѺۣʺѪˮ
ңѷӣǵȿֲѹӿڣڱѡ
ƴȫҪȥȴûκãǱһɿµĴǣǿճϫУѲȥϫĿֲѹڲѹ

ҧֱӽֻͼһ۳ɴֻͼ⡣
Ŵֻͼһʱо࣬ȻˣȴѲȥңǿճϫ̵ֲֿѹһƻֻΪֻͼĹϵƻ̶ȣԶԶ޷һʼȡ
¡¡
ǿճϫӿĸǿպ¡¡δ֪
Դֻͼ壬ϵѷӣֹסѪˮ硣
ֽ̫תһԴֻͼ壬һԼơ
Чȴɲ룬Ϊǿճϫǵȿֲѹ״ڶ񻯣ǶٶЩ
ǿճϫϯǿգٶȿ켫ϵľģģһգ۱޾Զ
챻ǿճϫУԴֻͼ̫壬֧š
ˣҲ֪˶ʱ䣬ѾҪ֧Ųסʱ򣬰ǿճϫʼ漴ɢȥ
һ˲䣬ϵǹɿֲѹҲɢȥʱʹһɣǼͷһ̫ħɽƿ˰㡣
ڴϢѪɫ̫޸ͬʱܡ

ǳĿȴѾʮʱڵǸλãȥһƬİ


ʮ ӵ


1327 һ
ǿպ嫣ԵЩ谵һԽ֯䣬ЩʥЩ
ܣһſţɫʰ쵣ʮɫÿһŶ޾Զ
Ǳˣ
ü
ܣѾȫʮǸǿλˣȫİء
̫޸壬˶ٺѭһȥҰԶ
֮һ۱ǰʱȥ
ʱȥ߹˺Զ룬ѰʮǿŴǣȴȫҲϤϢҲо˿
⡭
üͷĸЩסˡ
ҲʮǿŴǣ߲ȥˣ֪Ѱҡ
Ϊ֪ʮǿŴǾһƬ򣬸֪ŴǾƬĸλáһ֪£ҪںǿнŴȡں룬ȻۿվǿҲ
ЩԺƣճʮǿգȻ¡
Ŭҿɡ
ε
ǿճϫǿδ֪ȫʧȥʮǿŹǵλãȻƣȴҲ㲻ʲô˲õĴ£ǿճϫл
Ѱȥ·ʲô£ѰԺѰֻҪøǿﵽ㾳֮ҪǿҵʮȻѡ
ˣȴҲھͷѰңһ߼ǿѰʮŴǣһת̫޸ǿճϫơ
һۣչȥ
֮ת̫Ѿǿճϫȫ޸á
ʮλãȴɲҵһ˿һͷûС
ڣҪһ𣿡

ʱ߹ǿպܶطһſŹϴǣȴʼղʮ򣬱˶£ǱǣʱǱǿճϫ뿪ˡʮ򡱺ңԶľ롣
ȡңԶƻǺܿ£µڽ߾ȫҲܻصȥ
£ֻʣ¡ǿȻԾҳʮľλãٻعʮһ·ˡ
ΪΣȴû;ѡˡ
ˣ
ͻȻʶУ߲ɫ΢΢𶯣һƵ߲ɫâͬˮһӿʶн֯ΪĵƬǿյĶλá
ʱ΢ʶе񽣣ʱȻֶˡ
Ϸʲô
طĶλá
ʶе𶯣֯һ⣬ûԥֱӳλöȥ
ʱûڸʲôʿԺܿٶλöС
תۣʱȥ
ʱ䣬ٶȷŵĺܿ죬֪˶Զ룬һͣ
ʶе߲ɫ𶯵ĸֱָǰһǳ
ȥǳˮɫ޴󣬱֮ʮǿǳСϺܶ౶ǾȴԵ÷ǳ·Ǿɡ
ǣ
һʱ䶯ݣ񶼲ɵ˸֪ĿĸӽһЩ
ˮɫǳǵһȴޱϤϤ˼㡣
򣡡
Щ
ˮɫǳĵһǳڵһ¶Ժ󣬶뵽ʮǿŹǣڡ
룬ʮǿ˳ϯʮǿŹڵλãȻ֪ط˵⡣
ǰˮɫǳסˡ
ͬʱԲιϣʮ˸ŽΧŵƹһĻȣ׽վڵĻ棬Ϣڲĸڣڸڲľ޴ӫĻϡ
һʱ䣬ĺڲһں쾫Ӣˡ
Щ쾫Ӣǣһľܵһ㣬·ʧȥʧ䣬еڵϣ˫ۣ˿еĿ˳°
һ̣ڣк쾫Ӣʧɫ̲סֱ¡
Ŷϡϵۣǡʲô
⣬Ȼվһˣ
þþһǻþûģǻþ
ǴصĻЩģݣȴԺԵĴıԼȿ࣬ʹõڲĸΪ֮𾪡
ǿУȻվһ࣡
ôֱͦͦվڵ⸩

⣬ǿУ㶵ĿǰˮɫǳٲȻ֪ԼվطѾʹõڲļ𾪺Ȼķ졣
һ̣Щˡ
ʮǰˮǳʮʮ֮һγʮ򣬵һνǿգ»صصĹ
⡭ˣ

ˣ
ʶУ𶯣ǳǿңһ߲ʹâʶн֯ͬˮһ㣬ֱָǰˮɫǳһ߲ʹ
첻ɵûعоʶе񽣵𶯣¿ǰˮɫǳָвɵ¶Щâ
棬кرĶ
ңڲ
ʱʶеֱָ߲Ƶʷǳңݡ
Դ̫˽ˣſȥ޴ˮɫǳڲ˲õĶ򣬲ʶеôҵ𶯡
ƫͷңԶǿδ֪н֯һƾâֱκǻعͷ½ĿǰޱϤˮɫǳϡ
ѰʮǿŴǵλãҪĸǿѰ·ȥʱ⣬ʶе߲𶯣ֱָΪһˮɫǳô۴һ˵񶼵Ҫ뵽ڡ
Ȼ̸ǿ̸ҪȥѰ߲񽣾𶯵ֻΪﳤ˶ʮ꣬һҪ롣
Щطȥһ
ǰˮɫǳ˸һڿȥ
ֻգۼ䣬ڵĴУɫĦʱһƴĿĻ⡣
֮ǰʮǿʱҲ£ƬǿԭǴһĴڡ뵽˳ʮʱĳеâǣǳԴγɵȻ𡣡
𼶵ǿʿؼ£ֱ۵Ŀ屾ʣѾԶǿƼԱˡ
еڣڲУĻԽԽŨԽԽҡ
һĻȻĵڲĸִ𶯡
ຽ쾫ӢӲûеɳ
⡭
塭˵򣿣
ϵۣ𣿣
ڣ˶Ǳɫ
촩е㣬⽻֯ĿŨҵĻ⣬׹䣬ٶȷǳ졣
֮󣬲ûйȥãй㣬ĻʧŰããϻԿһƮŵƲ㡣
סΣվڲ¿ɽ٣ȴһ¥á
»ˡ



1328 ʧĹ¶Ժ
ʮػصһĸп
ʮ·һһǰߣܶ£ȴûһ»صоһ㡣
ڲң·У£ܿһڼۡ
ĿһЩƿңط
ϡΪ㣬΢Ը֪

ʶе߲Ѿֹͣ𶯣߲㣬ⲢûʲôӰ죬Ϊ𶯣Ѿ֪ƬкĶ֮ȥѰҡ
ʱŸ֪Ƭʹֵѷ˼㡣
ȫһƬʺ磬ܼѣ졣
üκҡͷʱȥһ㡣
ȥǸط

Ƭһ¶Ժȥ￴
·뿪գʼ䡣
һ̣͵һͣңãã񷡣
ղǣ
貵⡣
Ƭ磬֪ϡ΢ڸղţȴͻȻоһɿµĲǺһƣ𼶵һļµĸоЩģȴֲܿƺѹؼһС
ֹסŲɢǿ̽Ѱǣȴ̼ʧȥļ¸Уоǹɿµˡ
üиտտâ
ϡ΢ˮɫǳԶûбô򵥣
վǿ̽ѰȴʼҲо֮ǰơ
ˡ
ڲ϶վã뿪񷣬Ƭĵرȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ֻתۼѣƬһɽڡ
ʮһΰɽԣɽίʵЩСֲҲǷǳƽ򵥵İ򵥵Ĳ꣬򵥵ҰһжԵúͨ
ȴо
ɽһһӰسɴ㳯ԶȥúһһСɽͷ
ȥǳи¥һһۣǳ֡
룬ֻˡ

ǰΪ룬ΪһƬǳһС
Ƭ磬г
ƬʱֵڸգңڣĿڳϣǵķΣȻͬ
ûˡ

ʮУнߣȻƬͨž޴ǲнĹϷΣǻԵЩࡣ
ӿϵĹϷ˲Ϣı䣬ƬеĴװ
£𼶵ԣȻѡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮʮ꣬ͷҲƬͨԲͬܳⷽСɽͷϽϲ٣̷
ˡ

ʱ˴ӱ濴ȥƬĶʮҵûʲô
ԭض˶٣߳ɽͷú뵽Уѭһ̶ǰС
ܿ죬ϱһط
ȥǰһܴСһ¥б䡣

ü
꣬¶Ժ¶Ժ󣬿񣬼еĹ¶ԺȴǲˣģҲ͵ȫͬһ¥ȡ
ʱ䰡

뵱뿪Ƭ磬Ѿȥʮңʮʱ䣬Ըıܶ£¶ԺһλԼҵĺԺɣ޳˫ʧӤ׺֮һ
ʱȥô꣬λ˵ѾʱĹ¶Ժ񲻴ˣҲǺ¡
վĿǰ
»صƬ磬طǰʵϲµõλӦѾߣϾ뿪ƬʱѾǹȥʮҵ£λǸʱѾʮ䣬ʮʱ⣬ͨ˶ԣٴͨˣĺѿԴôõ¡
ֻǣ뵽ǣΪ¶Ժ˵ĺԺҲˡ
ţص￴ĵطҪǣµλˣΪԺǻڣӦÿѰλ˵ĺˣѰλ˵Ĺλڡ
һ˷ǣźʧ䡣
ϻƣ˵ʮһ¥ֹˣ˵ĺܡ
ô¶Ȼ˵ˣֵûͦף˵ǸŮ˳ƣǰһĺԺڵŮӻɣ¥ﶼġ
ԶҵĳľΣϣָǰСۡ
վǰС⣬˵ĶԻһʱ䶯ݡ
ĺԺ֣ڴ˿̵ԣʵ̫ˡ
ľδ˴ŶʮңǰСۣһЩ˴Ա߾ŵݣɵʧЦ
λϲⶼʲôˣλأʲôġ
һЦתԶ
·ҲЦҡͷԶȥ
ЩˣûŹһס
С⣬ʱתֱȥ
λϲǸղᵽ£ܷ彲
ʵ
ĺԺطĺԺֻһֻǸ˵
ʱĺԺ͡ĺԺڱŮӡԼŮһۣȻ⡣
СȤ
˿졣
У
ͷ
ҲֵĽ
طԶûôʱĺԺƬ۵ĽˣǰɣڼչƬ٣˶Ը⣬;һЩС£˽ˣֻӣĺԺ˵ֿȴܸߣʱһЩСвȴһֱЭʼղͬĺԺ
һ˿ڣ˵ϾǿǱ˼ҵլѾкܾԶˣ˼Ըοȷʵٵ˷ָ˵ĺԺֵܼʮ֮һԶԶﲻ齩˴һ£ĺԺͻȻȼȻըˣĺԺը٣˼һڣȫˡ
ʲôȻըˣǸʱ򣬿˿СĺԺըǰܽȥǺڼйء
һ˵
ҲҶµõȿڵ̾Ϣֿ죬˵֮ĿȻ˳ʼⲻʱ䣬ｨһСҲ÷ָСڵһ׸ߵĴ¥ǰЩӣǶ¥ĳӷʼֹŮ˵ĺܡ
˽ŵǴ¥ûĺԺڵλãУǴӷҵһЩھӣ¿ŮģͺǰĺԺȥһеһ˺񣬺ĺԺǼ˵Ů
쿴ָŵСڵǶ׸ߵĴ¥ȷʵǵ¶ԺĺԺλãȻȥôʮ꣬ɼǵú
ϲһ£ǰȥĺԺһڣǵ汲ǷһԶˣĺԺܶ¶
ʵ
⻰һ˶ʱЩ⡣
ȷʵ£Сô֪£ǿʮǰˣҲͶʮģôô¼ϵ˵ֶ֪ǴӸģ
˶Щ档


1329 ŭ
´죬һı飬ôһȥʮҵˣȻʮǰĳ¼汲ǸԶĺԺ¶ôʵǾú棬鶼ЩŹ
ȻЩ֣뵽Щµ˵ҲǺܿͲˣӦþǲµǰӸ¡
¼ǳԶ˵ԼһĺԺ¶Ժ˲ٹ¶˵Ǵ˺Ϊ˸ʵ֣ǰȥĳ¼ڣĸŮǽʦΪֱȴǵȺǡ
һ̾
һƢȽϻ𱬣һĳΣʲô֮ǰͷҾ˵ˣǼ¾ǺڼйأЩĵĿ̣Ķú
쿴ǰС¥ֹĴ¥ȭͷһ¾קָǸ°졣
λˣˣȻԴԼС
Сڣɱ⽻֯
лλϲ
˵лˣתСڵǶ¥ȥ
ܿ죬ⶰ¥ǰ
ҪԿ¥ǷŮĴڣǷλ˵ĺ
¥߰ףʮŲ㣬ڵΪ¶ԺĺԺ֮ϡ
¥ڣһʱ䷢¥ڵĿ¥ֲ࣬Ѱ䣬У
һɨδ¥ڵĵݣ¥ڵĻݵ¥ȥ
રર͵ݵصתۣⶰ¥ĵĲ㡣
й
ס
Ȳ¥һʱо
ֻƬ̶ѣһʿװ˴־֮ɫײײĴԱ߳ǿؼΪֲĶ㡣
ء
ҪҪˣ
ܰ
ǰ
ĽŲûκα仯Щķȥ
ǰʮΧĲ¥Ĺ䣬ſʮһңӵǿŵģ˿﷢дž㤡
ȺûκˣǰǷȥ
ŨѾоĴڡ
СӱȥǸطҸղſˣ
ǰֻµĺܣաղŵһλΪ
˿Ǳȥ
֮䣬˶ڷʱ磬һǱɫæڣо״ҵˣΪһޣ׷װ޺úŸհڿŮ־֮£ǮڽһʿħȴһҲûãǻǮĵʿڿֱŵɫֻתۼͿ־Ĵˡ
ʱǸطߣҪӣԷæ
ûʮ˵Ҳû޵ֱǰУֻת۱ǰֹǷڡͬһʱ䣬󣬴ҵֱӱպϣ˵Ұӡ½ƣһ޷ٽȥŵԿףҲţΪƲϵĽֹơ
⣬šԼˣ
ŮһֻŪģǸˣ⡭ˣ
ǸôôǵҪǲй濴𣿣⣬¡
⣬ʮ˲йŵĶȴԼһʱ䶼뵽ֻϣһǸӾ㤡ǶޣǾֻңǵӣҪ棬Ҳõ𰡡

ڣ콫ӵĽţʩչ½ƣӡ
װ޵ͦãȫԵЩ谵ľͻֽɢڵذϣȻǸղŴſ־ǵʿװС
أ
谵ڣͻȻԩ˻𣬺̶ܴ
վһˣһŮӣ˵һŮӵĻ꣬ꡣ
Ѫӽڣڵʮָһ㳤
죬һ˻𣬻鲼Թವһ˹
ֻǣһ̣嵽ǰ״ֱӱˣ˻ȴû˿ãһεϣѲˡ
쿴ǰĻӰڣոã˫۳죬ɷ
ȻȻˣӰϸо˺͵ǸͬԴϢ
ȷǵλ˵ĺˣֱϵѪ
Ů˻ԹŨңȻѾʧȥңЩĶ졣
ֻһֻɷꡣ
쿴һĻֻоܲܡ
λ˵ֱϵˣȻҵĽ֡
̧֣ɫӿչǰŮӵĻ֡
ɲǼ䣬ŮӻҽС
ɷȴڷɿʧһӿ֣ڻָ
һιȥʮ
ʮŮɷʧϵЩʧõİպӰ㳤ĺɫָҲָԭ״Ƶƽͻ⡣
һ̣ȥûʵʵ⣬ͶʮһҵŮûκݳƲǺȴǳ㡣
ҲʱɢȥŮӻʹŮӿԶ
ŮӴܣƺʧȥ˼䣬Ǹ˯ѣȥκʲô
֣裡
һʱгϴžʧ룬һ˿־壬ԵúңٴܣֺܿˣȻЩʲô岻סķ
ĬĬĿǰŮӣŮ󣬻屣ΪĳЩɷ̫꣬ľŮӻɷͬʱסŮӵĻ壬ʹŮӵĻɷ£õı
Ůӻ巢ֱȥܾòǻָ
㡭˭
죬ʵ
ղŵһЩ£ϡЩӡ󣬱֪ǰ죬һˡ
죬棬Ĺ¶

Ůӵһ㣬㡭ѾȥʮˣĹ¶ôô᣿㿴ȥ͡Ҳ󡣡
֪Լ״̬ѾǻˣҲµó첻һˣϾЩղŵӡƷ˻ָңʱ򣬵ԼĹ¶ʱȴɺܳԾ
󣿡쿴ŮӣĲ²⣬ô׼ȷ
ʵ㣬Ҳ߰ʮˣΪΪǿԭòʼղ仯ѡ
ң㡭
Ůӷ
죬оЩ£ϵϢһַԱܵĿ־塣
ȻǰŮЩִ̧һŮӵĻڣʱʹŮӵĻ׳࣬ҲʹŮӵȶ
ңҲ˺㡣ŮӣԵЩ䵭ǰһҾĺԺڣ׷ʲô£ӦûЩӡ˵


1330 ؾ
ʮػص뿴һĵطݼµλˣȴǷ֣ϤĺԺˣȻ֪λ˸ɹ¶ԺĺԺıը飬֪λ˵ĺ˲ԼУۿλСĺ˲ŶʮͷͲ꣬ŭ
֮ǰС˿һЩ£Ѿܹ϶һбض߿еġڼšֱӵĹϵʱɿǰŮӣԾǰǼµŮϣ֪ࡣ
ʳ⣬Ůһ㶣󣬻꣬ǰ
Ůӻ£ԵЩʹ࣬һһ֮ǰС˵û˿룬ֻǸĸĸԸĺԺΪڼſ⳥ʵڵ͵˷ָĺԺֵܼʮ֮һԶԶֲϣΪһҵլլôǲǽǮԺĶ
֮󣬲СвǣһҶ׵ȣֱȥһʱСţһΣûвǣǸݡ
ǡһһҩǵľԶȻǰᵽĵطȻ򿪣úȻӣȻ뿪Ҽң˸
Ůʣڲš
ᣬʱһ䡣
ͬʱУųޡ
ļʱ򱻻٣ĸĸʱԼҲһȥ
ֻǣûгʧ屣Ϊ޽
֣衣

ĸȥûĸŮ᲻ѹǿף
οĸĸǱ˸
ú䣬ϢҲ
֮ǰС˵ĻУѾ³ǰǼµʵ¼Ůӿе֪£ŭǿࡣ
ʲô֣
Ůӡ
¡ա
Ůӵ
áͷվֱҪҶ
ţš
ղ֪վֱҪʲôϵϢȴܿ£һ̩ɽĸо
ųվֱ壬̧֣ɫӿһת̫֮һʩչֲһƶ̼佫յĻ֡
һ̣һѪâӿ֣յĻ忪ʼ⣬Ѫ۶
⣬ǣ
͵һ
ԼĻ壬ȻѪ
ҪҶ

ȥʱ䣬屣ķǳΪҪָʲô¡ңʵ϶ԣнıʻ˵յȥȥ𣬳յĻõı൱ʿδɢҲͨĲлͨĻõ꣬£Ҫʵѡ
٣Ϊε˶ԣס
ֻҪ۳һµ͵ó
ˣ
⻷ƣӿյĻڣʹ巢ĹâҫۣңѪâø࣬ѪɫѪݻٶҲ죬ۡ
ˣת۰ʱȥ
ˡ
ʱ֡
յ˳õʹյУû˿Ҳһһ״ڳϡ
סˣԼ˫֣ɵ÷𺳣𾪡
Ѿǰˣֻ鵭ıһĶȻָˣʵʵ壬úǰʱһģһ
ңǣˣ
졣
ǡ

ղĸ£󣬳⡣
Ѿ֪кܶ鲻ԳҲ֪첻һˣ£𾪡
ллллллֲڣһϣĿ죺ܡܲܰҰҲ󡭡ˣ
ãָӦҲĸ
ҡͷųյ㸸ĸűϵ𣬲ϵʧ˶ѣҰָĸĸͻ嶼ɢˣѾȥûĿܡ
ŮТ˳ʼԼĸĸԺϸΪŮ͡
ղһ¾
֪øĸһ󣬵Ĵ𰸣ɺѹ
ĬĬĿųᣬֱȥһʱձƽЩ¿ڣߡ
˵ţֱתȥ
ջʣۣȴѾƽ˺ܶ࣬Ļߣæȥ
еǰ΢ϵĽ˲ɢŵĽţҲͬʶд򿪡
˳ȥĲ¥¥Զݵȥ
⡭Сӣ㡭û£
¥Χŵʮһֱûɢȥʱ´ֹ߳δҺͽʱıһƽ¶ȵı顣
һ̣ЩֱɫΪ֮󣬳Ҳ˳
ǡֻ
ˣ

ʮ˾Ծ֡
֮ǰ˾޴ı仯ǴɷĻ壬ûͬӰʮָȻ޸ȻǣЩһ¾˳
ʵǣ֮ǰЩ˶ĳգ֮ܿ־壬ǳ̣ģȻ֮ǰΪʱкܴ𣬵ȴǺơ
ʱ䣬ЩŵɫҰףһ˫ֱܶûˡ
ֹסŲǰʮˣ˵Ƕޣ֮󣬰סû˵̫࣬£¥ݵȥ
ո󣬶ڷԼϵ֮ǰһЩ£ЩӡʱʮǷǶǷԲ𣬸鷳ˣ
䣬æ׷ȥʮʱǽʮ˸ŵĲᡣ
ܿ죬ⶰ¥ĻݵĲ¥
ֱʱ¥ʮ˲˿
һֶĿ𺳡
ǣǸˣաշֻ
á
áСӣԭǸˣ
桭汾£
ԭԭԿԵ𣿣
ʮˣϽԴžݡ
ҡǿ԰סˣ桭ģ
ǶޣǺ£ǾȣǼ

ŻݵУʱѾ߳¥Сĵĸں档
ͷĴ¥ԭλ˵լȴıǿλ˵ļˡ
񣬺䡣
ⶰ¥ֱƫͷʳյĹںδȥݡ


1331 жô
ػصҵ˵λ˵ĺ˳գ룬Ӧ֪λ˵Ĺںδ
ţ֪
մ
ʱÿ궼͸ĸȥ棬Ȼ֪Ĺ
ͷȥ
աšͬһ㳯Ĵ¥ۣڴתļңɺȴʲôҲûˣĸĸҲ
ᣬΪ·ܿ߳С˿ܣȥ
ʱ꣬Ļ˺ܴĸı䣬ǣϾ˶ʮ꣬Ȼܱ仯Ƚϴ󣬵ɿԺıϳ
ĹһƬСߺܾòܵ

ûϵ

ǰ·ȥ
ڳϣŮǰС
УٶȺʼû˵ʲôĸ
һʱ߳ΧŸԶȥ
ֹȥһʱųգԶһСɽ⡣
ǰˡ
յ
󣬲úСɽһɽŴϡİ
Ϊ·ֹչתǣ
ָǰɫʱˣĻû˵ס
ǰһİɫײ¶ڵر׸ǱƿһߣпݹǣҲпݹǣɢڷԲɵķΧڣһҺɫʯڵرɳϣԼԿܴ֡Զ֮Ĺ
쿴⵹ڵرϵĹϵ֣ɵò¡
ˣĹƹף
档̲ס᣺һǣǰвǵǼˣǰͬլǾǣ˵ҪҼҵضˣ
ĹڿײıƻɢܣܻңµĺۼѾкܾãǸոձƻҲмʱˣڼǰƻ
ղɵһ¾뵽ǵвһҵЩСģʡ
κһ˶ԣլأǺҪģش󣬿լ٣ĸ˫ҲƻӣִʵЩ
ᣬǰҪΪĹλ
̧֣¡


óվһߣԼǰһ˿һͽִܽһɢĿݹǼأķѾѺ۵ĹײУ׸Ǻϣ˫һƬƬɢܵһײ䣬ײ
Զλˣһˣ߱ʲôߵȾΣڲӴ꣬ˣͺܶ۵ľһͨʼվãλǸ˲ľˣž˵ɣо˵ᡣ
һ꣬ʮꡭڵϣһ㽫ܵڹײϣųյʱһλʱ¶ԺĺԺݷãһһԶԶĿǣλѶ˵ԼĻҲ࣬ϲ𣬺αȥһȺ޹ϵİˡ
վһߣѾſȥֻжʮҵӦþĹ¶ʱĻ̲סʵô˵ģ
棬ºܴԼ棬Լûһ˿һӡ󣬵ǣվϣ֪¡
һ𸽽ƻ˵˵Ĺ¶𣬽˵ĹϵĨȥϵĻҳȫʹÿӡıı˵Щ֪жôôҫۡ
վһߣĻɵöһ¡
ǽʦһλʦȻܹ仰Ŷ⡣
棬һ˫˫ʵӤ׺ЩˣЩӼǵãϣʰ
档
ϣһ˲ˣһΰˡ
û˵ʲôĹϵɳ½ĹĹǰ
ɫʱѾúڰһǳ׺ڿУúԲ³֣ΪƬһƬƬɫԡ
춨վĹǰͬһ꣬ͬһʯһҲ
վһߣ첻˵Ҳûٿڣһ㣬ǰĹ
ʱһΣǳȥԲʧս
ܿ죬̫ϣһƬƬº͵չ⣬رø
ҲʱƬͻأһɱ⵴ɨҶ㽻֯ʮ̼ñ䵽㡣
⣬һƵ绡֯ˡ
ǰȥвǵЩС죬һĸҡ
䵭
ʮػصĵطʧˣλˣլըǿ𣬺˱ıɱߵĹض˻ٵ̣
£û꣡
ӷһȶˡ
ʱ̫ˣ̲ס־壬·һħ
ֱȥܾãŽвǵЩСȫ죬ͬʱҲԼ֪ЩС쵱ڵλã֮һ˵
н֯âƫͷ۳Զ˵ĹĽɫӿų˲ʧԭأһ̳һ޴ֻǰ
Ϊһ¥ʮףܹʮ㣬ʱвˣ˶վԭأĿⶼͳϣһ˵ı顣
⣬ˣôôͻȻͳˣô£
˵ۡ
طղŲߣͻȻͿ΢ͳյӰͻأһԭտ˵򣬽ЩһĶĲᡣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ𾪣Ӷһ¡
֪ط֮ǰвһҵǼСƽռĵطڱڵһ죬һ̻ԶһСɽ£ֻһ˲ϢѣǾͳ
߼䣬ǲУҪϰա
Ȼȴֻһ۱͵ˡ
⣬⡭
΢
֪ضΪֶΣȻѾ֪첻ͨˣѾʶܶµĵطȴɻǱ
ƶ̫̫ˣֱͬ˲תƣһ㣡
ûܵ˵Ĳ飬ǰֻһɨâֱ֯ӳȥ
ȻУ߽ǰĻ̸ȥ
Уֻܿﴫ߹һξǰһǳѤĵƹ⽻֯ڴлζһȻҡҷһɻȺ
˧磬ͦİһʲôĶӦоСһĺ欵ŮЦſڣЩջƯġġĵģ⣡


1332 ɱ
ŮԵúڣȻֻͬǹŴ¥һ㡣
ĮûŮˣû˵ʲôԹԵǰȥ
ǰݵֻͨϲ㡣
˧磬ߣŮֿڣ˶ٺ󣬼ʼձ䵭ԼֿȽĸϲȥټ֮ôһŮӸɫһ¾ͳȻǿ˳첻طӵģǰĵµİɣ
˵ţԶʹ˸ɫʱм׳˹ܽ˶
رĴֻȻһЩرġЩ˱ǡ
Сӣ鷳
һ׳һ¾ͽͳΧû⡣
ңⷽУȻһĻ˽˹
£
ɣɳﻢĵ̣˭ҵ£𡣡
Ǹ壬Ҳе£
ȾëСģ꿴ߣȻطȽ˽⣬죬ɵöϷŰҡͷʵϣͱ濴ȥǵȷ׳ƫ޳ͣŮ˻ļ׳ȣȷʵЩԵò
Ű
ëĵ
˶ߣһſϷ
ϾֵطˣΪҴ̼ģȻϲ̼Ķ
ɼܣҲǺܴ̼
ʱ򣬿ȥͼ׳ǱߣȻһҪɼܵļơ
˵ģڵת۱øӼңȻֵΪ֮Ϊֺܶ˶ڿͼ׳ǱߣΪ׳սһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ڣһű¶Ůɸӻҡҷϸ֫
Զ챻׳Χסû˿仯ǰߡ
Ů˺ͼ׳鶼Ǳø䣬ϻ켣ôãȻĳ鷳ģ£Ǽ׳ֱӱǳ춯֡
߸׳ȭĳкȥȫǷǳ
һ̣׳Ǵһ㣬Ƥһֱͦͦĵȥкȴֱӻ˹ȥʱԵʧȥʶ
䣬ųճͨϲݵȥ
⡭
ȫȫˣ
ʲô
ڣһߵˣ֮ǰǼëС죬һˣҡҷŻӵŮɣҲɵýͣȫɴŴ졣
ǸղŸû춯֣߸׳͵˵ϣЩˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ǸŨױĨŮ˷㣬㣬㡭
ʱ¿죬Ů˶£ŵŵɵĺˣһƨ˵ϣҲҿĽŲ
֪߸׳ô赹ģȴ֪һйأʱﻹ죿͸о¡
΢ѹʹ߸׳ʣûڵһ˵ķӦųգֻܿͨݵⶰ¥ĸϲȥ
ֱͳյӰʧݵڣڵһɸ𺳡
ղţ׷ʲô
ۣҲ벻ôʹ߸׳ʵġ

ųգŻݵУܿⶰ¥ʮ㡣
ʮΪⶰ¥㣬һǳķ䣬ǧƽźܶˣ󲿷ֶǳű۰ѵϸš
ʲôˣ˭ģ
ų¥ϣʱ䱻֣ڹϵ˸ݡ
Ȼطһ
ɫӲ䣬ʮ¥ǧƽķȥһƵѹ֯⣬һʱʹڹҪֵ˻ʹȥ
ųգֱǷС
ԼŽˣͳİ˽룬ҼڹԼ˵˵ϣȻǶݡ
㣡
һëгסĳգһŵı顣
˴Ŷʮңʱųգһ
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣһȾźëʹҲűɫϺǻëࡣ
գ
˶ɫ
󣬳Ȼһ۾Ϳ˻ëꡢëȾ꣬һ¾Ͷǣǡˮ֣Ǻ⣬ԶҲˡŴвǣֵҩĸĸʧȥжȻǵļը٣һȫ
㡭
ëꡢëǴ꣬ųգ˿̶ǵɴ۾
ǰɱˣȻվǰ
طʮȻǿ˻ë˵ıЩŹ֣ɵúһʻëԸ磬ôˣëԣͺëԼǴ˺ܾãʮһĵλ
ʲô
һǧƽ⣬һ˱⼸˴ӵţһ˵ڴ˽ȥʮһҵģϴһĵ̣ϴһɺݾ
߳طһ˶񣬸ߺȵ磡
ȫػɳϴΪⱱеʢһˣ¸ŲˣֻҲеĲҵֵơ
ʱߵĿܿͳգ۹һ¾Ϳ˲ԼˣҴĮ￴߲ƣȻһЦµģ
ëյػǰ۳գ磬ǸŮӣգǰڼŪǸĺԺ¼ңǸ¼һŮ
ںػԱߣʮҵĻëǰ¼ҿٵ˵˱顣
ʲôػһȷǵһеŮ
ȷдģ
ë
ͬһʱ䣬ǺëҲڣǰ˺ͻë״ҩóһʧȥжȻȻըȡ¹ʡĳ¼ڽȥʹڼſ˳ĿʼʩƬķز£ǿǼǵúȥôȴҲǲǡ
ػųգͫ΢ǰȥˣȻö˶վǰ
ˣǹ
˶٣ɫǹͱߣ
ˣվ
£
ػ
ʱطһȺ˲佫ͳΧ
ëʱȥĳ³ǰǱĲᣬʱ򣬼ϴػźػеľҲתȫɢȥ
ëǰźĵ˵ĲǹӽճŪ㣡ҪǱС뿪й¶˵£Ӹ缸ΪһŪϷ벻ͱ¶ӿɲȥȻȥ˾ﱨҲûãۻˣ˵ţһ糤ĿЦųųձȥүĵɣ٣
ɳ˽ͳհΧտŻëŵź⣬ҲǲɵЩ£Ȼǰë˸˺ܴӰ
ҲʱԱߣ춯ˣ˲ʧԭأһ̳ڻëǰ
ëһֳĹٶȾͷƤɵ÷飬Ǳɫ̲סһ㡭
Ŀּ»ëеĵֱն¡
ۣ
ѪˮëҽжûܷǱնΪΣอضǡ
ʱ䣬طɫɳϴػҲ⣬ʵٶ̫죬ֶ̫ɲǼһëΣ˺ܾ㤡
Ҷ֣
ػһع񣬶ĺȵ
Ŀ鲻䣬ƺûػȫ֮ӣȾѪĳǸë꣬ջӵ
וּһд̶Хһɫиëꡣ
ۣ
Ѫˮë굱նķѣܡ
߹ʮ·ΪɵۣѹʮΪ֮ͥɹ棬κͥӶͨ˶֣ʿͨ˶֣ǣеġͨˡָûдкȡ֮ķˣëꡢëԼ꣬ȻǡͨˡǣֻǴĶ˺͵֮ˣ
Щȡ֮ļ֮ˣ飬ûдڵļֵ


1333 
նëͺë꣬ƫͷǴꡣ
ӭĿ⣬ʱɶһʪˣŵŵɵĺˣֳкػ󺰣磬ңŪŪ
񣬵ȴɵȻ֪ǰɱĳôͻȻǼųպһ𣬼ɱëͺë꣬ĲµõضΪһҳͷˣѾɱ˻ëͺë꣬ȻҲŹңɱëͺëַ̫ˣëͺëȫʬûˣֻ̫ˣ˶־ˡ
ػʱ죬˵ʲôɺ˼£ȴһҲ˵ΪһϴĴ治٣˿µĻȴǴδ죬һëΪΣȻսëնķѣ˿һ̶˲ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬طʮɳҪԱɪɪʱȫһˣ˿־壬һҲ˵
쿴꣬еĿֶһ⼤꣬˲佫ᴩͬʱϴʬ彫ⷿǽһʬӵʮ¥ֱӹ£һⶰ¥ĵرˤѪˮĽ
ⶰ¥ŲһĻʱԱŵɫ䡣
ɱɱˣ
Ů˾ּС
һӣȺˣ˿ŵϵʬ壬ֿⶰ¥ʮ㣬ڷ
챨
˽е

¥ϣʮ㣬ǧƽĿռɳһȫɫӾ֡
Щ˿죬ֶһѿڽᴩɱ󣬾Ȼʬ彫ǽ嶼һʲô𣿣
Ҳӷж𾪣ҲΪɱë˶вɵҺӿ
ǰһҵˣۿǱɱñ
ƫͷʱɳϴػ
㡭Ҫʲôػ̣˴һɺݾƽռ׺˿ȴͬһ㣬ǿ־壬ӭסĺˣǣǸ¼ңǲɱģǡɱġ
Ŀ䣬һαǳǰһסԷĲӣǿֱ֯ѰԷļ䣬ҳ¡Գһڵ£ͬǸСƢ𱩵˼˵ڼйأŵĶ³ܾͬʱڶԷ⣬ɳҲȫڼĻ
дűĺ⣬һ𣬺ػʱըһѪ
ѰԷļ䣬֪˹ǰһڵ£ΪڼػëǺػ⡣ͬʱػɱȫռˣˣûöԷȥֻø
硭
⣬⣬⡭
ħ
ط˲һѷȫʼܣ־嵽㡣
վȻһѽػѪʲôֶΣ
ǵ֪У¡
Щ˿־ܣ˳ݣֱӴӻݵܣ˸ˤæܣһǱŵɫޱȡ
תۣطֻʣͳˣҲ΢֪첻һˣܰɿһѽػѪɺܾ㤡
Įߵⶰ¥ԵǸնɱɵĿűλÿȥһ޴ãȱԣͬǺȺһۣǧ׸ߣȫⱱΰĴá
ⶰã䣬뿪ƬʱƬߵĽҲǧףߵĽֻףʱʮң»صƬأдôһߴǧ׵ľ޴
£ⶰ÷ۣҲǷǳĽˡ
ⶰãڼܲڴá
վʮ¥ԵĵڴãóտߣâһֱӴųʧԭأһ̳ڴðλİУźʵķڴⶥ¥˾С
һֻһ˲ѣǸֻ
ңΪҪǣ죬ȻڰУ
⡭
һ𾪣֪һбضǺйأ̲סļ¡
Լ棬һʲô˰
ֱһ㣡
ʱڴ㣬ŵķΪһװ޵ķǳûʵİ칫ңʲôʱ˿˾ڲİеͳգʱһİ칫Ҳɫ
⡭
ǾȻһһŮڰա
쿴Ű칫ڣϢһ𣬼̵ķʱը飬ų칫֮УĿ⾶ֱ칫ڵϣһ˴󸹱ͷϡ裬һźɫֱΪڼŵĶ³ܾ
Ӻػļ֪˵һұ£֪ԴͷڼŵĶ³ܾȻҲ֪˵ò
㣬ʲôˣ
칫ڣڶ³ܾˣһǱɫ
Ҳʱ칫ҵűƿһģ˽칫ڶ³ϼһεĹƷζôڷ𣿡
꣬ڶ³ܾһֱȴͳˣڶ³æֵ̿ӭȥϡϢŭÿγʸĹƷǾѡûз⡭εĹƷĿζҡѡ֤ٶѰѵĹƷʸɣ
꣬ڶ³ԵСϵıһ㣬˿ΪЩܴڼţʹڼѸٳΪһߴƷƣ쳹⣬ȫǿǰڱ֧ţԷŸָ˵ֶΣΣǼֱһ㡣
һЩʴԱǰĴݣǰȴһޱȽ̬ūһ㣬Ψһ˿һò겻ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ĿҲϣжʱһĨ΢⡣
ϣоԷͨ࣬Ϊһͷ
ǲ뵽صƬؽһʱѣȻں쳾мһͷޣңڼйء
εĹƷ©ﰡ
ڶ³ܹСġ
ɨڶ³ˣҲңξĹ㡣˵ţĿƶͳϣɨ˵¥㲣ǹһĨаЦƺЩ鷳ˣ


1334 ̵
Ļڶ³æͷ棬˲򵥣ڶ³ȻóŲƣôƴ룿ңҲ֪˲ͨˣͨôڰУ
Ͱǵã´εĹƷɱɨҵˣ򣬺

ڶ³ͷһޱȹģɷģ֮ÿεĹƷС˱ض԰ѹأ֤ÿӶòһܺĿζ⣬Ǯ棬ҲɷģպС˱ض֮ǰ˫׼ϣ
ãǺ˵Ļ
ĵͷ
䣬ͳȥһĮӺζ⡣
Ҳʱڶ³ĻץסһЩѰĶ
Ʒӣòζǣʲô
ڶ³ĻпԼ򵥵֪ڼƺΪṩ֮߱ŮΪƷôõЩŮӣֽʲô
꣬ĳԷʲôö
аЦ֮ˣ֪
˵ţ̧֣һڹɭֱĳüĳȥ
һҲֱǰסȻ֯ŵϢ
궯ݣеζĮӶʱʧЩ˲㿴Ĳһ㣬з⡣
ʲôˣ
ʵ
û֮ϻ̧𣬽â˸ֱӾгڶ³еνƷļ䡣
ʱ䣬ɫһ䡣
ڶ³νĹƷһ근ʮұԪŮǿжȡǵĴԪ󣬽ǲ̵ʳ
ôĹ
˲ñ̹ǣһɱӿĽѪɡ
һĻʱڶ³ܾɫ
ϡɣ
³Ȼ
֪ж£չֹ˵ֶΣ񣬿ȴȻͻȻֵһ仰͸Ѫɣǻ棬㤡
ȣ
ԶѪؿڴŵһƬɢ˿˿ƵĹ󿦵һɹΪǿɱ⣬ס
Ƭ
ɫ䡣
ɢɱܱ䣬̺ɱȴû̫ǿ˵ⶰڵ޹ˣҲˣƬ£ǿס
ӿѪȻĿ졣죬ֻɢһɱѣȻҵĴˣڴһչַȡĸıˣ˲ǳ˿־֮ɫһɲǱж£Բܹˡ
ವһƶɱ¥ڵһȲһӰ칫ңڴõǽƶִܵ⸽¥Ÿ¥ԾıλãֻתۼԶ
쿴ŶԷԶȥʧԶһƬûڵһʱ׷
ݵǿҲһ

ʮ֮䣬ֵõΣ꣬ȻһʮĴŮĴԪǳǵѪ⣬̵˷ָ
ŹԷ
ƫͷһ־ڶ³ܾ˵ʲôֱӵâըѪŵ칫ڵ˶ʱʧɫ˹һ㣬һֱӱ˹ȥ
ˣ漰ıǿ𵱳λ˵լˣ漰λ˵ĺ˵ˣ漰λ˵ĹѨˣȫնûһӹ
ңңĿߵķû׷ȥѾס˶ԷϢҴӶԷ֮ǰļ￴һЩ֪ӵȥһ̲ȥ׷ɱ
ʱҪȽհ׵ȥնԷ
ߡ
Գյâһų˲ʧԭء
һ̣⣬һһӰܿԶĹǰ
˵Ĺݼ
ԱߣҲһ񣬰ݼԼ棬칪
лллл
첻ȻһһұѪ
ԱĴ
ҡͷϵȻշλ˵ĺˡ
ӦÿĳҺͨ˲һ߱ͨ˲߱еųգâֶڣҽС
̧֣⽻֯ת۽֣ԼǿΪѪ⡣
Ӱõġ̫ž£ֱӴԺսгεĹžת̼ʹó⽻֯һƹԡ
ͬһʱ䣬̧֣ʯȡһЩ龧龧ó
ʱΪת̫ž龧֯ŵϢһ˵ٶȿʼ
ˣ
â֯⣬¶ݡ
⣬ǡ
΢
һνӴУңʱԼڱ仯𺧡
ļסҴĹžת·ߡ

תű̫žóԼתⲿž
ʺͨȻת˾Ŵ̫žԼԿʼתʱȴƵࡣһָ⵹Ҳ㲻ʲôŹȥʱ󣬳տԼƵתⲿž
·塢ʶաͨɡ棬
һųգԷ̫žһΪԷһ;
·Щ󾳽Լϵľ鼰⣬ޱഫ
ˣ
ת̫žȡ龧ҲһɢϢԽԽǿɿת۽׶Σʱţٽ硢ʶ磬վ磬ֱȥµʱ뵽ͨɲΣֱǿ٣Ʊ鲼ͷա
ƽ֣콣â񷣬Ϊնͨɴ١
ʱһΣչȥ
պ󣬳ͣ˱óײһˣһɷǷʡ
⣬ҡ
Լ˫֣΢΢ЩȻ˼ı仯
죬æֵл
оԼѾȫǰǰԼˣ˷츲صı仯
лҡҡͷȡһöʯݸգһЩ鵤ҩ龧ͨȶպá˵ţһյʶʯʹ÷ͬʱҲվӦշеķ
лллл
л
콫·ıһ
һƬµأ
ҡͷҲԶߣԺ󣬾ͿԼˡԳͨɾΪµϡ΢ĲʺĵϣѾûжвĵųգǾֱɡ
˵ţƫͷԶ˵ĹԵЩ䣬֯ŵ΢⡣
ֱȥʮƿĿ⡣
ټ
ͳո𣬻ڿն𣬲Զȥתʧʾͷ
Ŀʧķ򣬶ڵأ뿪ķд

գնУڼߵĵطͨ˵
һ̶ķһһӰʱ뱱кԶһλãǰһƬȺɲ
֮ǰߵ꣬ϢȺڡ


1335 
Ⱥ⣬ȥȺɽˮ羰ҷǳԶ뼯յԣļ۸Բһ˿Գܵ
ȻΪͨľӵأΪÿһ䶼֯ңЩƣʹ˲ȻƬȺڣǾסһ޼壬꣬ΪеһԱ
ֱӿȺڡ
ڼߵϢƬȺڣһڣ˵Ŀĺܼ򵥣֮ն
Сӣ𣿿Ƭˣ
һ˳ɫܺ
鵭ĮǿʵȻĳ߲ͨˣһͷޣΪھ졣
ǰװʲôǰӻطǸ꣬
˵
ӻţһЩ£ط˵֪
٣ʿºǱ˵£ˣ֪ܲ
лһɫϵıǲ䣬ЦǺǵĵСӣ˵ʲôͷе
쵭Įɨһۣٶ˵ʲôֱӳƬȺȥ
Сӣ˿ţ㲻Ƭˣܵȥ

Ų䣬ˡ
νýһ¾ǰŵĵͳЩСӣͷҶ˵ˣƬ򲻶˿ţҪôҿɾͱˣ
첽ɣһɢһĺɣֱԶʡ
죬Ҳֻת۶ѣƬȺ
طıǳݻңƬȺطıߴܶࡣ
طⶰһԾѿϽһſźͮͮĹӣȭͷСͬӤһ㣬졣

һĨ⡣
Ĺӿʹ޵ȺǻһΣʮǿϣһֻ꣬ڹżڿļأû뵽ص󣬾ȻطĴڡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲΪ֮ǰǸ͸ղǸֻ徳αǾܾ߱ΣǷʳطĻϵĻι
֨ѽ
ʱطıŴ򿪣˳
ĩѵͬѣʵң
һЦǺǵĵź֮ǰǸһȻ֮ǰͬһ࣬ƣһ
ѿڡ
Ҳڣڣ϶Ц
ʱǲʲôΪطڹ۲죬֮ǰǸǰҲãȻҲͲαװȻûʲô塣
ˣǰӻص꽻

߶ʱ¶Ϊ֮ɫ߿ڵᣬ¶³ç˹ԭ£ŹɺãеǸ֣ңӻغҲ´֪£֪ǱˣҲ֪òĴʳǵ¡
ŹһʮŮӣȥԪʳѪ⣬ҷŹ
Į
Ϊ̫ˣȥЩŮĴԪ󣬾ȻʳȻЩŮǺһϵҲûУŭɱŨ
꣬նɣöԷȥ֪жѡ
ڣǲնԷ
Ϣŭ߹֣˵֮ҵȱضϼӹܽʹزٷ
ˣǹܽҪԶ֣

üͷһ壬Ȼ֪еġ̡ܽеġ̡ܽͬһ˼Ҫնꡣ
Աߣ߸¶֮ɫһ߲õĵˣδЩͱˣ˵ףЩŮӲֻͨ˶ѣұʿܱȣ֮ΪһȺͨҵ£С𣿡
ƫͷߣһɢһĿѪɡȻˣĻͻһ̯Ѫܻ
ԶѪ־ŭĶ죺㡭
ߺҲɫû뵽ǿơ
ǲ
쿴ߡ
ƽĮǿơ
һʱ䣬ߺߵɫǱóٿ
ĵˣʵףҪ̫ˣԶŴеڣȻֻǷ֧ĩ壬Ҳ˭ǵ𣡡
壿΢ɽ꣬ʱβ᣿
ɽأΪһȣھ壬ԾβΪʼ棬һۣǿޱȣβᶯɽ𺣣ܡû뵽صȻĴڣǰȺˣȻ塣
Ȼ֪壬ǾͲҪ̫Աߵһ߿ڣʵʵ뿪յ£ҵȱͲ׷򣬱ҵȲ
쿴ˣӱ䣬Ϣ΢ֱӽɣԶڿѪ
ǵʼβ˶ƾǣҲǰŻв
Į
ߵɫֱӱú£ʵ̫ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬һ𣬺Ǳ䣺ʼ˶൹Ҫ˭Ᵽ߳һߣͷϡ裬ѪʶΪ
ͬһʱ䣬󻹸һˣǴڼߵꡣ
߳궢죬ʱһƬָԻߵүүңһǿ鱦񣬲ҪŹɱҪѪУж
ǰˣǸʱܿ־壬ʱȴûֿ־壬ΪڴԼڣߵүүʶǿߣűȸǿ鱦Ҫǿܶı֣ʱȻη졣
쿴ֱֵ̧꣬һָһâͬ
ۣ
ѪˮĽüıᴩϵḷֱ́ͦͦĵȥ
㡭
ŭֱϵˣ츳ʹﵽ۷壬ֻһ˿Σϡ΢ĵĩʱԳƵţȴȻ㱻նɱǰ
ͬһʱ䣬ߵҲŭڵһţȻ㱻նɱ
ңԼڣ˵ǵɱ

ŭֱֳ̧ȥҼһյơ
ƳɫϽ֯һƵĹƵӡ󲿷ȴѾʧȥ˹󣬵ҲǲƵĺȻˣȴɢһɺǿϢ


1336 ̩ɽ
ɢǿҵĹԣһС̫㣬ѹ¡
һƵĺ֮һӲȴɺǿϵĿռ䶼΢ЩŤ
ͬʱߵĴֽ֯ǿâɵģһ߳칥¡
ɨһۣڶԷĹĴֺѹĲȱ˿Ҳ⣬ֻΪնǴ꣬ʱתƬȺȥ
Ӻֻǻһ¾˻ĴֺѹĲȱ
ӺٶȣܱܿĹɱŨ
粽âţһץסȱƣΪ졣
ɱ˭ʲôɣն
һƣһ⽣ֱĳնȥ
챳ˣƫͷֹסŲˡ
˶ô̶ô£ɱ˭ɱɱ˭
˵
ˣ϶Ҳˣʲô߿ųֲȱȱ죬ΪһȺɱϷؽʬΣ
Į𣿡
䣬΢̧һָ̼еĲȱͬʱһƽâ뵽ڣ̼佫˵Ϊϵһɶ
߶ʱ㣬㡭ң־ŭֿ֣쾹Ȼһָ͵һżõƣҷϵΪʹʶΪ̼ʧӰ٣յģһ˿Ҳûˡ
ôܣ
ߵҲһ߿ǿˣʶȴô׾ͱرٵΪҪεǿʵ
㣬㡭
߿죬һ̣г˿־塣
쿴ˣ㲻ʿˣͨûʲôԣĻ˵Ҳˡ˵ţٴ̧֣һֱָӽüĹᴩ
۵һѪˮߵԵϢɲǼȫʧ
ߵ˲־塣
طǿĻߣȻôˣ̧־͸Ĩɱˡ
Įɨ⼸һۣת뿪
ߵ˿뿪ûһ˸ǿ߶Ĩɱˣ˭Ҷ
ܿ߳ƬȺ뿪ǧԶڿնԶȥ
ȥҶˡ

ĳԶ˵ĺ˰׵նȥԼˣȥѰʶڵ߲춯Ķ
ָонƬƬ磬ңƺֹһ顣

ǿʱʶе춯춯ǳϤֱָڵĵܹ²ĵضΪӦƬнƬĴڡͬʱǸʱʶ𶯱֮ǰκһζҪǿң䶼߲ϼ⣬²⣬Ӧ齣ƬƬ
ϣɢǿɨƬ磬ٶȺܿ죬߹һƬƬڡ
תۣ¹ȥ
ʱ䣬߹ܶطɽƬϢȴʼղѰ


ںܸߵĲϣ·أ˼Ƭпܴڵĵط
ԶգһܿͻʻڵļʻԱߣһƽȵߣʱŵһӲûɳʱˣԭƽȵĿͻֱʧȥƽ⣬Уŵ׹ȥ
ǿһĻһ̼ڿͻ·΢ŵر׹Ŀͻʹ֮»ָƽȶһʧڿͻ¡
뿪˺ԶúգڵɢѰҽƬ
һۣǰ¹ȥ
һ죬ʶУٴζˣһ߲⣬ֱָǰ
ҵˣ
оâһ춯ǸӦ˽ƬĴڡ
ŲÿһαǧԶǰһΡĴɽɽصأвɾʯ̣ۻма
ʶе߲񽣣ֱָǰΡɽ
̩ɽ
΢
̩ɽйߴɫʵɽ֮һΪۻʷأмʢ
˶٣粽УһһӰ̩ɽ
󣬼̩ɽµһ˲ϢǿǶʱɵһ

¶ݡ
Զ̩ɽʱδʲôֻǾ̩ɽһַǷƣȻ̩ɽ£һ̣ûɵһĲĸоֻо̩ɽƺһ򵥵ɽָоһƬ嫵Ĵ硣
⡭
ľ̩ɽǧ׸ߣʮЩɸߵɽԣʵ㲻ʲôǣôһǧ׸ߵɽ壬ȴȻ𼶲εĲĸоⲻò𺳡
ɽЩ£


1337 ̩ɽ
̩ɽɽʡΰ׳ÿռ䶼˴Ӹظϵ
Ϊʱ̩ɽƬǳʥأ쳹⡣
վ̩ɽ£дžâʵΪйɽʵû뵽߽ǧ׵ɽ壬Ȼ𼶵ֻ嶼ĲС
ʱûжվԭ۲̩ɽҽתһƳӶȥ̩̽ɽĵ磬һαʮȥ
ͨ

ƽ֯ܣĦ̩ɽĵûܲһ쳣̩ɽĵǳƽûаֳĵطʮЩͨɽû˿
ҲˣľӾ̩ɽܿ£еĻҪºܶ౶ΪɽʱһĲĸо̽ɽʱȴֲһ쳣翴ȥǺܼ򵥺ͨƺԤʾţΪԶԶûдﵽҿ̩ɽ֮صĳ̶ȡ
н֯â˶ٺ󣬳̩ɽȥ
Ϊһʥأʱ̩ɽвˣȥһƬϣԶԶȥһַǳӵĸо
̩ɽʯ׶УĲĸоŨ΢з
ǣ߽һƬ硣Ŀ˸ɽô¡
ͨǸоģΨΪﵽһ߶ȵ˲ȸо쳯̩ɽϵٶȥĲԽԽŨɵ۰йĦɽ壬ɽȴɣȻûܹʲôĵط
̫Ź֣

̩ɽϣο̩࣬̽ɽȴûʲôջ
գʱ̩̽ɽĿɽв󣬳طȥ
̩ɽֲ࣬ܲԾһֹӵϢ̩ɽвλý̩ɽһЩʶ񽣵𶯶Уú̩ɽһƬһСɽڣһ鶸͵ĴʯǳֻҺɫ
ʶУ񽣽߲֯⣬һƵʶ𶯣ֱָ¡
лһĨâ
ŵӣڱֵرõ£һûصףƿ·ú̩ɽɽвλãڻҺ俴һ߲ɫԴ
ҵˣ
¶ϲɫ
ʶеǱض£ƬȻȻǳҪҪռɢؼĽƬʶе񽣱طѰһ齣ƬԣȻһϲ£ûɲˡ
ŵӿһ㣬ֻƬ̼Ƭǰ
ǰʶڵ𶯵ĸ߲ʹâ֯࣬һƵ߲ɫâ͸壬ֱܡ
ͬʱǰ̩ɽڲĽƬ߲⽻֯ܣʱҲʶе񽣹߲ɫͬˮһ㳯ϵ
̧֣Уƽ֯΢⣬ȭͷĽƬ˲Ʈ˹
ˣ
ȭͷСĽƬ΢Ķ߲֯ɫâøŨ˼֣ͬͬԴ߲ɫâգ۽֯һתۼǰ
ƮԱߣȭͷСĽƬͬЩƬһ㣬ΧתõĺӼѪһ㡣漴һ̣΢һֱӴû룬ת۱嵽ʶڵԣ˲ϢС
ʱһһ߲ɫâ֯񽣱ûС
֮ǣ߲øŨһɼǿϢɢ
ǿϢȴֻ֯ΧڣδԶ
ˣ
΢⽻߲֯ʻƣϢҲ֮
ʱŽƬʶеںϣһƾ߲ʹâӿ֯͵âʶӿڵÿһ䡣
£Ѿֲ֣ΪÿѰµĽƬʱԣôࡣ
ƽֱת̫ľʼڵЩ߲ɫâ
һʱ䣬߲ʹ˸â֯Ϣ͵ڱǿ
̩ɽвɽ֮ڣһҲ̫ľתĸЩʹϵϢԽԽǿ󣬴ҲűԽԽŨ
ΪΪ֮ɶ߶γڰ˶ӿȥ
ˣ
â⣬ľ֮Ҳ֮ʢ
ʶУƬڣ߲֣ԵЩʥ
Ҳʱһ׳Ļ治ӿʶС
һޱߵɽȺɽƬռҲ֪жôÿһɽƻֺ꣬һĹϢɽǧɣϰƣ֧صļһ㣬һ𺳵ĸо
ǣ
ת̫ľʶиȻ棬ʱǴ
ʶͻȻĻ棬ΪƬ񽣺ôȴɴؼĴɽϿ˺ܶϤĵط
ǡ̩ɽ
𶯣Ϥĺۼеɽ̩ɽڴСر𣬵ȴǺƣطҲһ£ͬһɽ
ǡ̩ɽԭģ
סˡ
ʶֳ̩ɽƵɽ߶ǧɣɽеۻʣųˣţ̩ɽģôܣҪֱ֪ҲİҶѣ̩ɽ߶ȴǧɣ
ȫϳ
һڵĴɽĸ߶ȣôܱȵֱҪ󣿣
⡭
ţƬ絽ô£
ѵ˵ĵ򣬹ģԶ޴󣿿ǣΪʲôôС
ô룬뵽̩ɽֺ̩ɽΪλͰ
˼ȴôҲ벻͸Ϊ֮ǰ̩ɽʱĲУΪĽƬӿ̩ɽģ̩ɽ߱ԳƷǳˣȻɽ䣬ȴǱһ˿ƾһ˿ϣΪ˲Ŀ¡
ǵȹģǸƬض̩ɽУô
ļ¡
Ǹ̩ɽϱʿвĴУô̩ɽˣǿ߸õжô£
󵽣Ҳ㾳ϣ
һˮɫǳ治Ǳȥô򵥣ǳ£
ʶеĻģζ˼ºʧˣֻһ߲ʹâʶУӿڵÿһ䡣
˸𺳣ֱȥӺƽЩ
һǿѹе𺳣ĬĬת̫ľɿӿڵЩ߲ɫ⣬ǽ
һʱ䣬ĽɫʹâøǿʢΪһؽص
ˣһۣʱȥ
䣡
һ죬ڳһɼǿĲ߶ο뵽ڰ˶Ρ


1338 ؾռ
Ϊﵽڰ˶ΣǿϢ֯ϣȭͷֻоǱøǿ˼֣ʢڵͬƺӰɿݡ
ۿվԶˣͻƣۿգȻЩﵽ㡣

ﵽ㾳ܹǿѰʮǿǵλãȻȥȥ˹ѣɶƬļҡ
ͬʱһ棬ﵽ㾳󣬱ǵ֣֮ͬ٣Ǵﵽ·ĵһĿꡣ
Ŭ

ʱʶе߲ѾȶŸ𣬷Ī⣬֯ŷǳĲ
ȥۿϣܹЩʲôȴ޹һ㣬ЩµƣʹҲãЩƵķɬȴЩˡ
ˡ
ֻηٹۿЩƣʶе߲񽣣⣬ƫͷɨܣתʧԭء
һ̣³ڵرûӰ
˶٣뿪λãһЩƫƧĽ䣬̩ɽߡ
ɽ䣬֮ǰĲɴڣȴǲûʲôʵԵӰ졣ɽУۿ̩ɽһ䣬ͬʱ̩ɽһЩɽ
̩ɽǧɣܱɽۻʣ񡭡
Ŀ˸
󣬵ǰΰ̩ɽôģ
ʵ̫ˣ
벻ף̩ɽߣĦ̩ɽĵطͬʱĬĬת̫ľڰ˶εΪ
ܿ죬һʱȥ̩ɽͽУߵƫƧĵط
Ϊ̩ɽ棬ֲϡ裬ȴӲԾɽ̩ɽطҪͲ١ߵԭѾԶ̩ɽΧȺȴǺڲԶһֹӰ
һ𷢱۵ӣнףһҺɫĴʯ͵ʲôϵѪʢͨʮ֮ࡣ
ʿ
΢𷢱۵ӲͨˣΪ
طûʲôڣת۱Ǳӷ֡
죬ȻǾһ£еһĨ⣬νýԱתۼǳ嵽ǰгһĶУֱնͷ­
ַ
üֱ̧ץס˵󣺡в
ͨˣʿ
һǰ˾Ȼ׵סĹԲǷˡ
Ϊζ֡
ʵ
¶ɭ⣬Ŷеץסһֻֽ֯ǿԪ۳һԪֱĳȥҪᴩࡣ
쵭ĮĶˣһҲԷԪϣ顣
㣡
Ӷʱ¶ɫղŵһѾǿսˣǱűɱ־죬ȴȻʹ۶Ԫ顣
𺧣һֱ̱亮ִϿȡһǹ죬ǻһɳ̩ɽٶȺܿ죬תۼʧʾͷ
ƫͷʧʾͷǵᣬĿϡ
ͳʲôʲô
ƽʵ
ӾطֹСĶŹ֣ڿֱӾҪɱȻĳֲɸ˵Ŀġ
һ㣿ЦɱɣĿ䣬ǻ˶ã
ǳǿˣҲӲˣϵıԵúܾ
쿴ˣӺʮһЩʿ
Ϊ㲻˵Ҿû취֪

˵ţһһȦɫ⽻ֱ֯ӽӵļгһͶӰĻԻǰ
̩ɽؾ޵ʢᣬɽ
һɨ΢
гӵļ䣬֪˺ܶ£ĵԿƼΪдȴɴڣеͳڴУÿһ޵ʢᣬǿƼ۵۷ص㣬̩ɽ
Ȼʢĵص㲢ڱ̩ɽ̩ɽڵһƬռУƬռͨ˲Ҳȥؾռ䡣һε޵ʢֽеǿǰ̩ɽؾ໥۵۷ͬʱҲὫһӴϣӼбƴ
𷢱۵Ϊĳһͳӣһηǰ̩ɽѰ̩ɽڵƬؾռ䡱λڣͳдǿ߸̩ɽؾ۵ؾռڲμ޵ʢǿȫɱ
֮ͳʱǿߺӶɱ£н罫ޱסͳĹơľǿʿǰƼ̫΢
ǵĿģҪռɽ
̩ɽءɽɽɽ䵱ɽɽŻɽ̨ɽüɽ
üЩɽһǹйɽкŨɫʣͳˣȻȾָЩɽ֮һһռݡ
Ϊʲôô
ӣĮʵ
ܺ棬ͳΪʲôͻȻҪռЩɽһŲɸ˵ܡ
㣬㡭ӿ죬ʱ־ˣֹסĲ죬Ȼгļ䣬ֿµֶĲ㣬ǡϹŵĴͨߣôܣǿогһ˵ļ䣬¿ԶԶһʿӱ׾סˡ
ĮӿֱûӵԺУٴǿ䣬ѰͳΪҪĸɽ
ֻǣܿϧͳûаλ֪ǳޣ֪ͳΪʲôͻȻҪɽ
㣬㡭
Ӳ־Ŀ졣
ղţ壬ʱѰļ䣬־ĲУȻôµһˡ
ߣһֱӽ飬һѪתɢ
ȻΪʲôҪɽȫն
Į
ʮɾ𼶵ȴʼնˣƬȻŷǳĸ飬ǸƬطȫĨɱ
վԭأ˶ٺ󣬿ǽ֮ǰעĵطƹ⽻֯
Ƭ̺ǰΪ͵һڣâ̼֯һ˿˿ͬˮưֱӿ룬˲ʧԭء
һ̣һƬµĻڣհƣвٴɽƻԵ÷ǳ̩ɽ巶ΧҪ٣ס
Ƭռ䣬Ŀ΢һƬ򡣡
ȻĶСռ䣬ͨŨҿܻر
֮ǰĦ̩ɽǲע⵽̩ɽϾȻôһƬռ䡣


1339 Ϳ
̩ɽϵؾռ䣬ɨܣƱȽƽ̹ǰʮɽԶԶĿԿӰÿһӰ֯ѪԱͨǿܶࡣ
ʿ

ʱ޵ʢᲢδʼɨЩһۣƬռط
Ƭռ䲻СǳƬռǹĲĸоԣ̩ɽʱǿ౶ʹԶݣвɵ¶Щâ
֪ĲĸоԴԵΰ̩ɽµһ˿ɽϣϼӰĵƬؾռǿ౶һֿԲ׽ĸоƬռУƽ
úеһɽɽϵһǰطоŨĲУԼоطһš
еľâŨЩطһɫʯϥ£ǿϢĽ֯ܣ׽ĲеĸԴͬʱҲȥӦĵ
ģеâӿʵĴڣϢÿ顣󣬵ֹȥһʱǿڲ׽̩ɽһ˿ϡ
ֻǸо΢һ˿ȴоԼ·̽һƬĴ磬ǿǲһϡ䣬ʶ𶯣ֿ̩ɽ棬ɽȺ鲼ܣ̩ɽۻʰȺɽġ
һĵĻ棬Ⱥ廷̩ɽǳŵۻʣɽ壬·֧أʹʶɵ÷ҡҷ
εȵ׳
Ĳ
˫ۣȴĵȥ׽͸һ̩ɽϡ
Ҳ֪Ƕôƾõǰн֯ž˵ĵεΰĬĬѪⲻ𶯣ʶҲ֮ڵͬκ˰ӿȾʱʼΪҲ
£Ȼܹ֪ĵǾ˼ֻ֣ǵ̩ɽһ˿϶ѣ㵱ϵڷ֮һֻԲ׽һ˿˲ϢǾ͵õ˲׵ĺôΪӡ
̩ɽ׵кεȵĿ£
ļ¡
漴ĵĸ׽һ˿̩ɽϣĬĬת̫ľ
֮һۣ¹ȥ
º˫ۣһ貾âһû
ǹĲУûˡ

׽̩ɽµһ˿ϣɽĬĬ֮ã̩ɽĲгʧˣƺ̩ɽһϽϡͬһʱ䣬ʱ䣬õĺôҲǷǳ󣬾ǿʢ˺ܶ࣬Ϊڰ˶γﵽڰ˶ڣν١
лһĨ⣬ȭĲսǿ˼֡
ƽ̵ˣ
ʱһӲԶ
ʮӰƬؾռΪ׵һ꣬Ѫܾˡ
˶ӭȥļ
Щ˰ǰ⴦ؾռ䣬ɢޣҲһЩСҺ΢ĩɣһȴ޵ʢῪʱƽһǿ߸ϵž⡣ϾĵλԹǷͬһ㣬һųǹŴľסء
̧ͷȥĿƽϡ
̩ɽ⴦ؾռ䣬ĿģһĿı뿴һⳡ޵ʢᣬЩԼЩĴʵΪ̶ֳȡ
һĿģȻΪȴͳЩˡ
ͨ졣
ƽ̣Եͷ
񣬵ϡܹͨɾǺܲס
ȻҲɵܹ뵽һЩ棬ͬԹŸʢĵطǺ͵طԶһӦȸڵĸֱҲ٣ȵϵͨҪ˳ܶࡣ
ɾˣ
ʦ
ɽڵҲˣ
˵ˣ
̫Ҳˣ
ģϻڵһȺϵ
Ƭؾռ䣬һ¾
ɽϿߣнһ˽⣬Ҫֱɵɾʦɽڡ̫ţɾΪǿ̫ϳϾڴΣΨһһдǿߵţһҲһˣһε޵ʢᡣ
ֻǿ˾ȻŴΡ
̾Ϣ
н磬ɵøпĵĲʺˡ
֪н磬ǿǺεȲΡ

䣬ԹԵҡҡͷٶ롣
ⳡ޵ʢһǿжˣһɢޡСҺСҲ˾һ۵۷̸·
ƽ͵۵۷˴ʱ䣬󣬱ǸɼĴȡ
޵ʢᣬʿ֮䣬ƼȻֻǼ򵥵۵
УȻбƴ
̵ϱﶼᶯ֣ÿε޵ʢᣬĴȶµǽС
ﬣ
䣡
âܿ콻֯Ƭռ䡣
ɽԶԶĿߣȻ̵ĵΪܵͣ𼶲εʲôҲ㲻ϣɺȤĿţϾҲǴӵ;һߵĸ߶ȣЩӱȶҲЩȤ
䣡
һɹ֯֯ʮ
ɵĹ°ʮ꣬ѾﵽյڶأϹʱҲԳƵ֮
ɾһܿ£ΪֺҲѾﵽվ磬ųɾͬһˣ
ɽڵɡʦӦģ̫ŵӣǿޱȣ˵ѾΪԴеһˣ
ʿۡ
ȳڸֹ⻪֯ݡɡӦĺӣ˸ޱȣһˡ
ݡɡӦġӣ˺ǿ󣬲Ҫ˭һһˣҪͿˣ˵Ѿﵽվ죬ͨɲβԶˣǰսǿͨɾ̫ϳϡ
˵Ѫˣһʼβ
ʿۡ
˵ţ˵ĿⶼȳڵĶλãͿɾڷ٣񻣬ǣһ㽣𶯳ޱ߽âͬ˿ɵ
áǿ󣡡
۴УɾɵʦǴ౶һӣȴûܺͿȣЩԶ
ǰ
˸пһЩʿͿɣ۷⣬ȻǷǳĽ
ȻǼҲɵøпͿɵʺʵȷʵǿ
Ϳѣ˿񰡡
ɾĴ̫ϳϿڣ֮
֮Ϊһǫѷĵǰˡô˵ţȴǷһ˿˿ʣԼ³ôһţȻǸ˵ĺܡ
ԶɽϣĿʱҲͿϣлһĨâ


𼶵ȻóͿɵĲһ㣬ѪܴԴҲܾˣǷŵʮǵĵطɾ;Ի죬Ϸֺ
ȳУͿϽܼ֯Ľâκ飬֮ͬܿڣֻʮͬʿ󣬺俴Զɽϵ졣
㣡
¶ɫ


1340 
ǰڱи֧һնɱͬʱնүүºܿ챻֧һ壬ʱ￴죬ͿֱϵǿȻһ۾˳
˳ͿɵĿ⿴ȥҲϳ죬ü
ͬһʱ䣬طһЩʿ˳ͿɵĿȥҲ졣
ˣѵǡֹ˵һλڱиķ֧ڲǰһʿһն˸һʿҽһʶǿҲնˣˣòǸʿɣ
£
ȷ£֮ǰ˵
˵
ûв͸ǽи֧˴նˣΪĳЩԭ˳ȥнѾв֪
Ȼ֧ȥɱˣˣӹʰ
ȥôᣬʮңȻѾɱʶǿ𣿡

Ǻһǿ߶ԣƻҪЩ
ϻӣԾǸطӦһɢޣһûʲôɢѣټôᣬȻǿȥ
ۡ
ɾȴˣʱҲ죬ȴû˵ʲô
ʱϥһһƽ죬һеģԶɽϵĴʯϣ˵ۺĿ⡣ɨһڵӣɨˣͿϣ뱨𣿡
ƽһҲ
˭Ҫǻ쵰ɳ£񹲷ߣ㲻ɱҲ׵
Ϳɺߵ֮ǰ׷ʹиķ֧˱ɱʼĩȻԵɡ
Ȼһطһʿʱ䶼¶Źֵı顣
㲻ɱҲ׵
ʲô˼
Ϳ˵ʲô
ʿ⡣
һЩͨҲɻǲ֪µԵɡ
쿴ͿɣЩ죬ԭΪͿҪΪ˱ȴ룬ԷȻ˵ôһͨ
ǣ
ʵ
Ϳɵǻ쵰Ȼǰ㴳֧ȥɱˣŪĺܶ˶֪£ɲôÿܾô򵥵ˡ
ͷȽϰӣȻʵȻأ

һ򶨡
ǡ
ԣǿʱҲ̫ˡ
Ϳɱ˶ɵĥ̬ʵЩǷ⡣
ߵܼ򵥣ǶʿһսӮң¾ˣϾǿˣҪǴ򲻹㣬鷳Ҳû塣
㵹ͦ͸첻ɵЩЦʵǣأ
ˣҲûʲôͿۣ¶һЦı飺ǵ˳㼸ƨɶѣȻҲˡģģ
죺
黭ôͻȻͱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬طһʿۣʿ̲ס
⡭Ǹ
Уִ£ôǼһ
ͿŮ飡ңҾ
ʱЩʿҲִӹ죬ͨ綮úִܶĶʱʿ۾ɵ÷Ź⣬һĽʺ޵ı顣
죺
ЩˣŰ
ĿͿϣ¶Ц⣬ʷǷҲɵ˰ͰӣЩơ
ǲԵЩɰ
ɣ߼С
Ϳɵ
̬ǳ⣬ǳݣʹطһʿһԡ
һҲ̫ɶˣ̬ôһǰҪָĸо
ǰǿͿɣһǿߣǿߡ
Щ
˷ۡ
ͿɳɽǾɡ
áҾ⣬㹥ͺá

һ
桭š
˰ɣ
Ҳ񰡡
طһʿˡ
ͿĥҲǲ飬һͿ˹ȥɽն¡
ɽߣΪһŵԣԪ񣬵ȴǿʱȻ˴󲿷ֵ
ˣϵĿռɻŤһЩһɺĽƽ֯ܣʹһڵʿݡ
ֻһƣá
ͬһˣ
ǿ
ͬʿԾݵŵǿҲݡ
һЩϱǿҲĿ˸һͨɵڶصǿ߸пȫһս£ҲŮ޵Ķ֡
治ɾĴ̫ϳн֯һƾâһǿȴͨɾ֮µûõĵ¡
һԣ֮ϴЦͿһĽ
Ϳƫ֮ͣƣǰ
ܲһ
ס֮ͨ£ûܵ
ҡͷҪˣʵͿһ̫ǳ
һ̣ɫ
ڴʯϣƽûֱͿɵɽնǰǳֻ֣򵥵һʳָȵĽͿɵɽ
⣿
ɣ
ôܣ
˵ۡ
һЩϱǿҲԾͿɵһܲ񣬾Ȼô򵥾ͱ쵲ˡ
Ϳɱ˸Ǵ󾪣Ȼ鱣ҲԼնһͨһ˾Բܽ£죬ȴô赭дĵôڴʯϣһʳָ͵һš
㣬㡭
ܳԾ
ʵܲͿɵΪնһҲȫĺܲ˵ţñʲôȫ
ͿɾȣĻȴ̲סĥؾԼСˣԣȫʩΪɽն콣âʩչ˷ǳǿͨһЩͨɾϱǿ߶ľΪǿսݡ
ֻǣȴڴʯϣֻһʳָ㵲С
һ£ط˶סˡ
⣬ˡ
ͽ֣ͽָӲӲǸͿɣҡã⡭
ˣƺܡǿ
ȥôᣬȻͿɻǿ󣿣⣬ǡ
ɡ£
ļ¡
ɾʦȴҲԾһ̽Ϊǿ
һˣһסˡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ͿֳɽնǿĽâʶ󶼼˳ȴκβ죬ֻһʳָԣȴǲ۽
ܲЩ֡쿴Ϳɣһ⻯Ϳɵĸֹһ߿ڵʼβ굱Ǿڻ羳Σ˵ӦеۻʼͨžŶԣƺûƿȲε


1341 ͳɱ
ɽԼһЩҰʷϵļأʼβǾڻۻʾεǿߣǻΪµۻʹž͵ۼͨŶԣȴǷ֣ͿɲûϰεĹеǺͨ
Щ档
㲻֪ͿЩɻ󣺡˹ֻʱҲн̶شйžȴ඼ʧˣĹžͨǲб㵱һ죬ЩŹ֣нĳʶ
춯ݣǳսнҲȷʵ֪
ԵͷͿɣСѾͷǱȫ
Ϳɽʶʩչ˳ĳ⻹ͿɵǰǿսΪϣǱܣӦûܽսĸһЩ
ͿѾǿԶǶ֣ôһģȴĹԼСѾͷһĥâʢ
䣡
ֻɫͬǻһ㣬ϵĿռ䶼Ϊ֮
Ϣ֮ǿ˼֡
찵ԵͷֻһʳָӦԣʼͿʩѹǿбͿɼǱܡ
̣еڴʯϣͿɲ͹ȴʼ޿κΡ
⡭
̫̫ǿ˰ɣ
н磬һоȻôµ⵽Ǻηʥ
˶סˡ
ɾĴ̫ϳҲԾֱֱĶ죬֣ԼȻ͸Ϊ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿգͿҧӶɽնĽâԽԽǿ
ϧãκβ졣
ܲ
쿪ڡ
ʱͿѾǱԵǰΪͷŵ˼ޣһָӦͿɣָţֽᷨӡ֯һԣڶ⡣
Ϳɽն΢¶ɫ˼Ŀ졣
ʣһ̷ѹԿڹʵȴǲȻ̺һµҪ壬ƺڱഫ
㡭
¶ݡ
ᡣ

ͿɣЩ龫֣鲻ʺܾˣǷŵʮҲţ˾ĵϣȴпԾȫǿ㣬йžȴûа취޶ϡƽƶԷδ·Ͼйžʿ̫ҪˣҪҪһǿйžʿߵĸԶ
ôȥͿȻʾˣ磬վᱻû޷ߵĺԶôһ磬Ϊ绷ûʵһźԣʱʼָͿɣΪԷݻڤġڤž
ڤ񷨣Ϊ𼶹ž̺б䡣
ңڤ屾ϺƣⲿžȻҲǳʺͿ
ͿѾԶǿʱڱഫᣬҲҴ⣬һɽնһ촫ķ
ɵһֻһ˲Ϳ촫ڵķжôǿδķɵ𺳣ס˸
ͬһʱ䣬Զɾȴ˳ԾʱȻҲڱഫȻڴʲôȴַܸܵĺ嫡
⡭
ɾĴ̫ϳ϶סˣоݻķһ˿΢ĩĵϣǲɵǾͫʲסԾȿµķ
˸˸־ϲǴ֧ȥɱ˵ʿȻô£ϲǣǿδ֪ʿʱƺڴĳϹŷ¼ֱһ㣬ˡ
һߣǿҲԼоһ˿ڱഫͿɼǿʱǲɵ¶һ˿˿Ľı顣
ǰڴʯϣֲϽӡһΪͿڤ
Ϳ򣬶ԽϵıԽ𾪣Խӵĸܵ촫ķĿ£ǲ˼ı飬ʵ̫ˣ
ɫֱø棬ȫĵȥ촫ڵΪķһһμģ⽥øǿʢ

н֯˿˿âԵͷ
ΪͿڤÿһֶֻһ飬ͿȴǺܿΣԲò˵ܾˣһ̫ˡ
ͻȻƬؾռһڴʮӰףÿɢϢԺǿᣬͬʮԨһ㣬ܺˡ
ڰɽϵĴʯϣʱ¶Цͳˣˡ
ͬһʱ䣬طһʿ¶ݣȻΪһĻ⡣
ʿô
ɾ̫ϳü
֮ˣûҪ֪̫࣬նǣȡɽָʾʮʿһϵӰڣ˿һɱ¾Ļ㡣һ̣˶ݣһߵ죺㣡
ǰɳһӰ̩̽ɽؾռλã󣬽ӼһԼɱǾΪһڷ̩ɽؾλãҲòⷽʽУΪǸʱ򣬽֪Լضᱻɱòý֮Ϊ֮ҲΪʱͳһ۱ϳ졣
ҽ֣㵱Ӱڣ䣺ն
˻䣬Ա߶ʱվ˳Ŀ䣬ɱ⣬Լһڷѹ¡
⼸ڷܿ£Ҫǿϼ֣ƺܺˡ
Ϳɵһȹƣǳ¡
ùǣ

ԭأδָ̽â
â磬̼ʿķֱĹüģֱķ飬Ѫ׷ƮڿС
ʱ䣬˽һ
⡭
һʿ𺧣ղʿʵˣҼķҪǿϼ֣ȴǱ쵯ָ͸˷ҽֱӸĨɱˡ
Ǻεս
磬ɽǵĵӹԣܲС
ͳʮˣĮ
ͳʮ˳Ծû뵽쾹ôǿ̧־նǿߡ
һ۵߳壬ǰֻѾ˹ײģȴǸһֺܿµĸоɱɣЩɳƣһƤ飬Ͻ֯ƣһɹѹ죺˵Ҫй⡣
ˮºͣȴܿ£ɾ̫ϳ϶ݡ
˵Ҫй⣬˵Ҫ
ĮһΪͿݻڤžһ߿Ž˵
ʲôҲûȴһεӿѹĹˣ۵һ۵ķ顣


1342 ׼
ѪƮڿУŽ۵ը飬طٴαɫ
⣬⡭
һļ£ûп춯ֻ֣³һ仰ѣ칥ǿ߱ըһĻʵЩа˲ɵ÷
ԼＴֱǡ
˶¡
Ϳ𺳣һߴһնĸǿߣսļ£Զ֮ǰĿ¡
ʮҲ𺳣߿Ǵе֮һȴôնˡ
ֻת۶ѣЩ˵Ǳñ
࣡㽫ĳͷ
һɫͷ
һ߳ͫͬںڶһ㣬ԵЩˣڴ죬ǿʢĵ֯һɫӿâʮ
¡¡նʱһĿѣرΪ֮š
ﬣ
ͷܼâ֯һǹ֯
ȫ͵۶ɣΪһǿͨʼһ۶ɢһɼΪµϢƬռһʿ̲סˣĲ
ȻɾĴ̫ϳϣʱҲɵñɫΪһ

ɫͷǿ߿ڣ䣬һ̣ͷ۶ǹֱĹᴩ죬֮һ̮µĲ˿־塣
ΪͿڤɲԷɱǹתǰ
ͣ
һ촫ɱǹǰֱΪ⽻֯ŵ顣
ͬһʱ䣬һâϷɳһƬն¡
۵һɫͷǿҽжת۱ǱնѪ
ʱطһٴ𺧡
һˣͣô
ҡҵ찡
Ļڣ
һʿȻ
һǿߣȻ򵥾ͱնˣҽжûܷ
Ҫ֪ĵϣǿߣѾǿԺɨʮ˰
ѡѵϹŴĴͨߣ
Һסˡ
Ϳ𺳣Ŀ⣬ǰʵ̫ˣžͻɱһǿߣ֮ǰƺӮ˾Ҫ켸ƨɣ룬ɵӡ
ңı仯ղźսʱôͣɴʱȴһϹħϢļ¡
ͳʮʱ򳹵ױɫʮ˲ɵöǵŵŵɺˡ
һǿߣȻô򵥾ͱɱУ쾹ȻվǸо˿º;㤡
㡭˭
һ˲
Į˭ûʸ֪
£𶯣ڵǿֱը
ʹʮٴĲֱ
ʩ䣡
һҧڴء
仰䣬ʮед붯һڱּɢ⡣
һȱϢˡ
Щж̼ʹطһƬ
¡¡ģͷֳһ޴У֯׷һ㣬ɢϢ֪֮ǰǸǿ߼ǹǿ˶١
ΪһǿĺϻʮһʩչȻǿľˡ
ңͬһʱ䣬һ˺֧֣һѹ¡



մɱˡ
Į˦־һ⣬ֺͶԷն顣
֮󣬽ǿᣬˣֵǿը顣
ɣ
һ͡ôնķ飿⣬ֱǡ񰡣
ȴ棬ڵǿ߰Ȼô
һʿĲ
ͳʮɱתۼֻʣˣʱ죬һֱҲû뵽һȻһôֲˡ
ߣ
һȫˣֱӶߡ
Ȼˣͱߡ

Ƭ̩ɽؾڣĿģЩͳˡ
ȫն
ԭأȴһƬɫɳܵĿռọ̈̄ƺƵնѹ¡
ţܿ콫ʴؽ̤ƽǶ
Ϊ׵֪ĺȺ
𣬼ȻôⱣҲѧһеͳȫ𣡡
Į
䣬ɫâն£ֱӽķ飬һʱȫ
ͳʮȫط˲һƬ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫϡ
¡
̲ס˿Һļ¡
ɾ̫ϳ϶ǲĶһ£𺳵Ĺâ
ͿɵԲĿӡ
ղţͳʮɱÿ˶Ǻܿ£ǿ죬ȱԺɨģȴתۼ䱻ȫĨɱ
ʵֱµЩʵ
СѾͷ˵ˣҪģ򷨡
˵
һֱڴʯûĨɱͳʮ˵УʼΪͿڤʱնͳʮˣϵϢֱƽ
ţ
ͿͷʱɵĲˡ
£ȥѹһԣǿʶȥ
ϵâԽԽǿʢ
ͷŮʵû˵ܺܿÿһʽ
ˣ
طâ֯ǿʢâӿ˳
ͿڤϵϢϱǿΪҲ
ܣһʿһĻзžâͿޱȵĽ
ղţǿǶжǿתĨɱͳʮǿߣԿϹŵĴͨߣǿڵһλ޵еĴڡôһڴͿɣΪ˾ζβ¡
ͿѣĹԵĽȻܵȴ
ɾ̫ϳ˸
˼ֱ˵ЩˣɡԵԵ
ǿطĿãֲˣȴΪһɾʵĲֻоһ㡣
ˣ
ǰâƣͿ촫µڤϵϢɿǣΪҲ֮ӣ֮
ܿ죬һӹȥһǿϢͿڳͨɲΡ
ʱƬռ͵һӿ
ͨɲΣʱͿͨ١
䣡
𶯣Ϊ֮ӿܼ罻֯ͷϢǵض¡
ȻϢܾˣɾ̫ϳ϶΢¡
ͨɾˣ
˾ϲͿվصʱսһǿ̫ϳϣﵽͨɾսָǺεǿ󣿣һͼ
ܿ죬¶ǣΪͿͨʵЩ¡

쿴Ϳ٣ɵֵͷ
Ϳɵͨٺܾˣǳ˵ٿɱȣٴӡ֤ǱܵķǷ
ΪԽǱܷǷˣٱԽ¡


1343 ɽ
ӿѹֵϢǵض£ǵʹһļ£ϢʵЩˡ
Ϳɱ˸һǸоͨٵ٣ов
Ͼ٣ǳ
קɽҪ׼ɽ١
ù

һΪͿɼڤһֵָһâû񷡣
͵һãã˲գʧӰ١
һǿ٣Ȼָ͸ˣʵЩˡ
뵽ղ̧ĨɱͳʮǿߵƣЩ˺ܿҲȻˣϾпкüǿߣһһȱ϶׼Ĩɱһɶһͨ٣Ȼ㲻ʲô
ͿɳԾ򷨡
Ϊ֮Ϳʴϻָۣĸ࣬¸
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱ֣Դʯվͣ´
Ϳͨ񻪲ƣϢʱʱʥ࣬Ϊ
ܿ죬ͨɵڶ졣
찵Եͷе츳ĺǿ
󣬺ֹܿȥͿɴ룬ϵĹ⻪䡣
˿Լ֣оżı仯ʱ侪ϲѡعɽһգһ¾Ծǰϥ񣺡ʦϣɸʦˡʱ˫ۿĺܣԵùɼˡ
ֻͽ
̧֣εӿֹסͿ񣬽
еģƣҵΪʦˣʦ
Ϳɵ˫ѩѩġ
ҡͷѾеˣûͽ뷨
𰡣Ϳȥһֱʹҡҡˣʦɿɹϴ̴ȣɶᣬʹ£ɻТ˳ģ
촫µ𺳣ǿǿһԿϹʱĴͨߣǿһЩڵ޵УܹУһĸԵպһܽ·ߵĺԶԶԸŹ죬Ƥıֱۣɿ
ܣһʿգǿһλ޵еĴͨߣնͳʮǿߣˣͿɾȻ㱧ȴֱҡҡģӣ⵨ʵЩʡ
ɣɿ񣡡æǰȳͿɣд񣺡ǰлǰ񰮣ɡ
ͬһʱ䣬ȴ˽ǰ񣬾ɾǸ̫ϳ϶⣬칪أǰ
һʱ䣬н磬һﶼ칪дΰݡ
ҿû񣬳Բ

̧֣εӿһڴ˵ȫֱ
ûǴ󣿡
һڴɻȥӦѪֶ¶ɫѪƺֻʮ֮ѣȷʵûȺ˵
ҲΪˣһڴ𺳣ʮ֮䣬ȴȻʹﵽȸ߶ȣƿ˫ʥնǿвˣǱܵжô£
ʱⳡ޵ʢȻѾвȥɾĴ̫ϳΪף񼸸˽뵽Զһͤ
УͿɽĸԱ߲뿪˰㡣
쵹Ҳǲ⣬δ˵ʲôͼһѯʣλ֪̩ɽΪαģ̩ɽʲô£
̩ɽǰΰɽȺǧɣȴֻǧ׸ߣȱ仯ʵܺ棬ЩĴ󴫳пܻ֪һЩ
վʧˣ˽ҡͷ̩ɽʲôȻɾǿĴǿߣһҲһҲ˽⡣

ź˿ɶǿһˣȴԴ˺˽⡣
գûٶʲôͤ£۵۷
Ȼ˵۵ַʵȴָЩе˺̫ϳϣϾΪԶԶЩеĴѾҪﵽۿվˡ
ܿ죬һʱȥ۵һڴǸе
лѣ
м
лл
д˷ܺͼһʱʱ䣬һЩָ㣬ǵõϣȿһ㣬˸оǰ·Ȼࡣ
֣㲻ʲô
Ǹѣм£ʦʱǰһд񣬿˵ҽ̵ؾռڣʦӡһͷףʱʱᱬǵӡѾס
ʦؾڷаǰһӡʼкܿµϢӿʦ̫ϳ϶ļ£ΪǵϢ֣̿Թܶ취ӲӡȴЧҲһʱ䣬ӡµĴ׿ܾͻ
Ǵ׸ŷӡɢϢöԷƷһһ޴ֻʦҪѣͨտҲᱻǣȥ
ʦΪһˣдŨŨĵǣ칪
ʵϣһ޵ʢᣬԭ޵ʢ󣬽¸֪ɵɾȼˣЩȴʢôһڣʱֱ
£
ʦ£ɾȴ˶ǲɵ¶ɫ
ʦħΪΣʦʦؾаЩ˶֪ȴһͷҪƷˣһʦĵһʦʼӡĴףǵȴףɾԲ򵥰Ҳ֪ܿ¡
ʦʼ棬һʦѹĴף
¶ɫ
ʦоԶʮʦУǵһʦʢһʦн֪ͨķˣҲûж˻İǸˣǹйʷϺպŵ꣬ʦĴʼˣΪʦһˡ̴ʦϵۺʦȡ
ôһйʷϵĴѹĴףЩ⡣
ȥ
һʦ˵
һʦ˵ݣͷһʦ϶סҲһѣȻ֪ˣȻβܡ
ңʦʼŵĴףԷǲ򵥣ٴԶڳҪԶҲ֪̩ɽһЩ
Ӧǰʦһʦʱϲллѣ
ǿǼʶˣǳ֣һסͷס
ŵѣҲУɺã
ɾȴѯʦˡ
Ȼû⣡
ʦ˵
һ죬ʦ˺ɾȴ뿪Ƭ̩ɽؾʦ·ʦؾɽȥ


1344 һͷ׻
ɽйΪɽ֮һΪ̵ķأഫΪʦʼŵɽɵɺֽĽʡӥ̶С
ʦ˺ɾȴɽ⣬ԶԶȥɽɣҸߣֲԣˮԴɽʣ羰νۼ˾УգԵЩ
룡
ʦ·ԶˣһƫƧλý뵽ɽ֮ڡ
һ֮ɽȴȻǾڱɽɽڵһؾռ䣬зǷķ󸲸ǣһ˲޷뵽С
ˣʦ˽ɽһ֯ĵططӡת۱ǴһŻɾ뵽Ż֮
һ˲䣬ϵĻһһĿռǺƽ̹ʲôɽ壬ȴһϵǽ֯һֹӺͲɣ
һǵһʦؾء
ͿɵҲһˣߣһܵģ
Ƭؾռǳǿ˲٣ͬն
ͬʱ˲ʦӣѪܲףͨǿ˺ܶࡣ
䣡
ͻȻƬؾռ䶶кǿҵʦƬؾռ
ԶԶȥǸطɫӿһɫĢ˳ϵĿռΪ֮һŤ·һ̾Ҫ̮ԵЩˡ
ǣ
áǿ
ǵһʦʼŵǰӡĴףϢֱǡ
ɵȴ˳ԾɾĴ̫ϳҲĲ
ɡ¡
Ϳӣ˼֣ίʵЩˡ
Ρ
εԳһʥˣȴҲ㲻ʲôûô⡣
˱ܣ
ƬԶһЩ
죡
ʦڣǿĳʱڿڣ֯ʦĵԶԶ뿪Ǹλãⱻˡ
ʦʱո˽Ƭռ䣬һĻзŵǣѣҲˣͷһֱڳӡסˡ˵ţǳ񣺡һоͰеˣ
ġ

ʦһ·ܿƬռĵط
طԵʮֿտһԲεĹȵأӹڳ𣬽֯ܣ߸ʦ۵ӰܣطӡȹԲιȵܵķӡһԵޱȲϣƤ壬Ϊһ̫ϳϡ
ʦһ˴ỽһ̫ϳϺˣܿ˵Ŀ˹ʱˣʦ˵ԡ
̫ϳϡʦ˿ڣΪһ̫ϳϽ죺λǿϹŵĴͨߣһܰסƷĴף
ʦ̫ϳѶˣʦ˵ĻһܿϹŵĴͨߣ
Ŀϣϴžݣһı飬ʵԵ̫ᣬôˣܿϹŵĴͨߣ
ͷɣʦˣ
Ϳɵһǽı顣
Ҳʦ
б
ͿգգƯ۾ҵΪʦʦ㲻Ҫ˼
죺
䣡
ǰӡ֮شԲϿ³øӵĿ¡
ңкХ·һĻζԲϿϵĿʼÿϢк֯Ƿڣһַǳµĸо
ʦ̫ϳ϶ʱɫʱŨˣϢûа취ǵȿµĲԻһ˲䱻˺ѳƬ
ʦһæ죺ѡ
ȳӡȻǺܿҪƣһУȫֻˡ
ġ
ͬʼ㣬ֻô֣ԵúƽһҲ⡣
ǰԲϿ³ϢԽԽǿ
ӭϢɵһڴ˶ɵļ£ɾĴ̫ϳҲɫأĲһɾ㤵ĸо
ͿӣСǴװʦ
˵ˣҲʦ
ŵ
ʦǵĿںǣ㶼ˣҪԿɰĵӸ𵽵װ
Ϳɵ֪û󣬸ӵĵӷˣɾˣ
죺
䣡
ǰǿӿøǿᡣ
ȥԲϿһƷӡ佻֯ţǿϿ֮³ȷӡԽԽ鵭ȻѾ֧Ų˶೤ʱˡ
֮󣬺ܿ죬µʱһû
һ죬طǿ㣬ԲϿܽ֯ŵķӡ䰵ޣǱϿ³
һײһӰ³ʦҡ
ˣүڳˣ
ЦĿռ䶼Ť
ȥԲϿгİӰңΪһͷƤëѩ׵ĴЩɫëİ׻ͨ׻һǣһ˿չţԵúܾ޴Եûˡ
ء

ǰ׻ֱһ쫷絴ǿ
ɾȴĴĲΪԷϢɱȶԷڷӡʱɢϢǿ̫ˣͬնԣǸоһħɽ㡣
ʦ̫ϳϺһ˸Ǳ䣬ʱԲɵò
׻ЦɨܣĿͿɵϣһԻĿʱˡ
Ǽˣ
һವľͳͿɳ˹ȥ
ʱܵһ쫷磬ɾƷ˳ȥ
תۼ䣬УΨͰܽͿõվԭء
׻໵ĺУ˷ܲѣͿǿζȰǰ
ɰͿһһ¾Ͷ㵽
׻ٶȿľˣ৵ľͳ嵽˽ǰ
Ҳʱֱ̧֣Ӿһơ
žһ׻գӴɣˤȥʮԶ
һĻʱƷȥɾȴﾪĸһ
⣬⡭
ЩˣԲɵ˿Һ
֪ܿ£ȴû뵽ô£ôֲһͷ׻ʦһʦŵԷӡĴף֮ǰͳʮ˿򱶣ֻǶԷǾ㤣ȴһƾͽԷˡ
ʦ̫ϳϸǲɵһ֮ǰʦƽ̳쿰ϹʱĴͨߣЩţΪ쿴ȥʵ̫ˣڣô赭дһƽǵʼӡĴ׳ɣʱˡĻǰݲţ벻Ŷܼѡ
ʦ䣡ʦʦ˧
Ϳɻ


1345 
һƳɿֲİ׻ɰһ˾ĲᣬͿ־ּ
ǣáǿ
ɾ˲
һǿԶվ壬ԶԶĿ죬׻ɳȥķ
Ǹǿʢ̼𣬱ɵİ׻ʱվ
쵰ͻȻ͵Ϯ㻢үûƷˣ
ŭ졣
죺
ͷôֺܡƷĸо
ɾɵȴһǿ߲ɵ죬һͷʦʼӡĴף˵Ʒ
׻죬ĿͿϣ˫۷Ź⣺ĹǣԸ汾һ£ͿɣͿɿڣԹԵľϲĵʲôԸ⣿֪㡣
˵ţǶˣವһͳͿȥ
ͿɵԲ˫ۣһͷå
ҲЩԣͻȻͷ׻̫ˣһģ
Ű׻ԼٶԱߵͿɣ̧֣һƾͳ˳ȥ
ž
ͬһڰ׻ϣһν֮ĺɡ
Ƥëеͦġ

Ϳ⻰˫һˣ৵һë׵β͡
ʦҵβŸůͣһåĴкãԣ
գۿ
죺
Դﶼװʲô
䣡
Զǿʢ׻վɵˡ
ˣ㣬㾹һ͵Ϯ㣡
׻ͺһγ죬ͬ嫺һ㷭צץ졣
̧֣ƮƮһơ
žһ׻һκɣԶļʯײķ顣
Сӣ飬㻹ǰɣ
׻վ졣
飡
̧֣һƽ֮ɡ
үǲè
׻վٴγϡ
飡
Сӣˣ
飡
㳹ŭˣ
飡
׻һδ죬һδαɣһŻԲˡ
ȻĽΪͷ׻ƺ񣬱ûɱ֡
ң֮ǰ˳ͷ׻ķӡǿ֯ŵķӡʱƷɿţȻĵһʦû뽫ͷ׻⣬ֻѹԷһСʱѣҲǧҡ
ԣԲµĵͷ׻ʮ֮򣬵ĵһʦֻǼ򵥵ķӡһ⡣
Զ׻۾ɵĹԲûٴȻǳǿ
һ̣ȾܣƵ𶯱ʦȥСӣʵ㲻үмѣͷһս
⻰ɾȴһĿ࣬׻Ʒ
ǡʼԷӡĴף
ʦƽ̷
׻ôһƦ
桭治Ҫ
Ϳɵۡ
׻ٶȺܿ죬һ৵ľͳ嵽ʦƬؾռıԵ
쿴ŶԷ΢ε֯Զմһɴڰ׻ϣһǽ֮˻űߣرˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɫӿһĻŰ׻£һ̫ɽڰ׻ϣʹð׻ݺһ
Сӣͣ£
׻еĽɫѹϣѪ͹ͷʹ졣
첻ᣬһҲɫѹ䣬ʹð׻ӴٱСɱ䵽ɣɱ䵽һɡ
쵰ͣ£
ס֣
ɱǧģѹˣ
@#ס֣ѹҪˣ
ͣͣͣˣˣ
׻С
ܣɾɵȴһ˼ԣ𾪡ôǿһͷװ׻ȻһĿѹˣʵٴ𺳡
첻׻ѹ£׻ѹҲͣӣûһ⾵ŵ׻ǰè
׻Ź⾵еԼӣûһѪڣģɲֻСè֮ǰ˵˾䡰үǲèû뵽Ūһèһƫͷȥ
ͿһߴЦΪԱߣʱһҲ°׻ϸָ˴׻٩һ
׻@#
ɢȥݻɵĹ⾵ҲɢȥѹŰ׻ָ˰׻һƣˣˡŰ׻ʵΪʲôӡ
ôʣһ˶ɵÿ׻ʦ̫ϳϵˣϾһʼӡĴףȻ֪׻Ϊαӡ
׻ˣΪѾףԼ򲻹죬Ҳ޷ѣʱ⣬ʱһģţӲǸүҵǾƯţ˵ʲôΥ£Ļǣǿнүɽ˵ʲôñһʱ
ϰ׻Ļ˵룿ȷǼ򵥵룿ЩŮԸģ
ȿȡ׻ɿȣҪЩϸڡ
֪ʲô򵥵룬̧־͸һơ
㲻ЩŮӰɣ
Ű׻ʵ
Сӣ˼𣿽̸̸ֻ˵˵ضѡ
׻һĵģ
ͷҲɰ׻Ļ׻ֵܹ»ЩŮӣһʦŵ겻ܻԼһģԻֱն

˵
׻ĥˬĺܣүҿǱţǿɽģûүģ뻢үӢٷ磬˼˰
ָ̧һƣص㡣
׻Ʋ죺үע⣬˺ʲôŶһöʲô񵤵үҲˣȻ󣬾ͱˡ
죬ˣ
һ˿Ű׻Ŀ࣬Ȼɳô˵£
Ҫ֪ʷϺģļأһʦŵ꣬ǧѷŵõŶɽʱʱ䣬ԽԼһ֮ϣֺʱʱͳö񵤣һЧ춯أԳƿ׹ǣ˶ܸǿоȻأΪ䵤֮ɡ
Ȼ˺˾Ŷ˼ҵһö񵤸ˡ
λûл㣬ֻǽӡǧֱ꣬ʴȵĹͷˣ
һ
׻Ʋ죬һܲˬı飺ܡ
бʵй쵰ģӡǧ꣬һϴĶûС
ˣλһʦʲôΪΣ
ʰ׻
֪͸
׻Ʋ졣
бһۣʦʼ£˶ٺһ£̩ɽ£֪̩ɽʲô䣿
طҪһĿģ뿴ʦʼŵ굱ԷӡĴףǷ֪̩ɽһЩҡ


1346 
ŶСӣȻ֪̩ɽй䣿Ļ׻Щ죬¶һı飺ˣȻô֪̩ɽй£ǣ£㻹ʶˣ̩ɽԭȻŵţӶñȻүϾۣүɱþá
⻰жʱһĨâȻͷ׻֪̩ɽ£

֣ص
׻ƺº⣬ߺͷ­һֺζ֪㻢ү紷ȣүһˣ˵͸ˡ
۶ͼһʱ両ͷת֯嫵ķӡʵʵĽһˣ˵ͽˡ
@#׻ͬʱҲЩľĸоͼж£ɢȥûү˼ٸ㡣
ߣͼ˲ɢȥ
׻һ߳˼˼ǿڣ̩ɽ䣬˵̩ɽ䣬˵ƬĴ䡣죬Ӧ֪ƬʵǿеһǳɣںӵǣȻǿҲǷǳ嫾޴ޱǿûмŴܹȡ
춯ݣǿеһǳһȻ֪ڳҲ֪Ƭ֪ͨͯǳӵǡǿжûмǳȣ£ǵһ˵
£ԭô𣿣
Ϳɵۡ
󷽣ɾһڴĴҲԾǻӲ˵¡
쿪ڣʰ׻ǣƬ磬ô޴󣬷ǿУֻԣвǳ󡣡
ĴСƬͨҲ֪ͨһЩƼҲ˵Χǳвٱȵ
ү꣬˵Ǻ£׻ǸƬ˫ǿ֮ں֮ĩһʱΣһصĿ´սƬ磬ʱˡ
ŵһսƬһЩǿ󴫳У𣬾ųϵĽûˣΪ̩ɽغɽٵĲӣִĲֲһҲΪһսⴴȻûл𣬵ȴʱݽߣʹԽԽԽԽʺС
˵ţֵȻЩ£ҲǴϹŲдĹż֪ûоһսһսˣ˵ˡԣǼ٣Ҳ޷˵ڵƬѾˡ
ɾȴ˽𺳣Ƭ磬Ŀֲս
Ƭ磬Զ嫣žųϵĽսûˣ
Ƭʹ֮ϡΪһսɣ
⡭ǣһƬƵ
ɾƽ𺳡
Ǳżϼ¼ʵôһɡ
׻
ʹһ˸¶ŵı飬£̫˼ˣ̫ˡ
н֯һƾâ֮ǰ̩ɽѰƬʱ̩ɽģʾ޴ɽ鲼ǸʱͲ²ĵԶ嫾޴󣬲룬Ĳ²⾹Ȼ൱׼ȷ
Ű׻ʵ㵱Ǳż忴һ
֪ǱżʱΣѾȥ֪꣬Ǳżȥˡ׻Ʋ죬˶٣ϹǸʱ̩ɽһСģ䣬һʯ̩ɽ񻪳ǿᣬǱļ˸ȥҪε̽ޱȥǱʯŲ
̩ɽµðһʯ飿üҲӹż￴ģ
⵹ǣǱۿ¡׻˵Ȼ˵ǱʯЩŹ֣죬ȲҲƣǳӡҪǣǳӲʱ˿ɸǳǿߣĹУܺƵβǱʯ飬ʯȴǷֺδڣɱˣС뺣㣬תʧӰ١
üͷ΢׻죬ȻǳǿߣôǱʯˣҲӦڵۻʲп𼶵Ĵڣǵȳ̶ȵǿߣӴȻδʯֺˡ
򵥡

˶٣н֯һ΢⡣
׼ȥҿǾͶ

ͳ˴㶫ɽԭʹһ̤أִӰ׻£̩ɽһϵʯ鱻ȥпƬޱľ͸ӾҪȥһɣȥɱɱͳЩ˵ͬʱǱʯ
ϾƬ磬Ƭ緢ľޱȷܸȤҪŪңǱ鵱Ǵ̩ɽðĶ˳С
ԱߣͿĻ˫˲ˣʦҪ£


ʦʹȥʶһУԶ;϶ƣͣߣԸ˵įһлУɵβĺģ
Ϳɵ֮ǰư׻ƤëͦģֱӾΪϲë׵Ķ৵һֽβ͸˳
ֻСĴˡ
׻Ϳɣ˫۷⣺ү
å
Ϳ̧Ⱦһţʱҵİ׻߷ʮԶ
ɾȴ˸գһƽԵΣԼһԽԽӷˣȻôһͷ׸߷˳ȥ
Ϳɿɾ죬ˣһԣմӦͿСͬʱԶİ׻Ҳһ
׻ʲôʮ֮ȴһʮȻڸɳŮֶƷʱǧϵ£²⣬ͷͻȥ롱Ưʲôģ˴ȥܴţʱ֮߶ŶԷöԷ
ͬʱ׻̩ɽðǱ飬׻ţԷӦÿǿ֪ǱʯϢѰǱʯ飬ǻһ
ȥԶ׻Դҡĸ˹һүҪȥ¡
˵ţ˫ﭵġ
쵱Ȼڴע⡣
Ű׻һΣһö⻪֯ıȻð벽ۻµκʿֱһС̨Ϊ鱦ⶫ͸㡣
鱦䣬벽ۻ֮κ˼˶ۺ죬˵ȴѾ㲻ʲôⶫС̫Щûʣһö
ǣ
˵е鱦벽ۻκ˷ʳΪ
⡭
ɾȴϳȡıһ𺳣쾹Ȼȴ˵е䶼óƺ֮һҲӡ
׻Բۣˮû৵ľͳ˹һצӽе鱦ץ˹ȥ˫ֱ⡣
öֱˡ
ٵĽ鱦𣬺ץȥһ㣬ɿŵ˵ãɲ̰ͼ鱦ֻǾΪǰں󱲵ӦøĻӦſɣأȥһ˺ˡ
бһۣû˵ʲô
ûټڴ˵ضʦƽ̵˸𣬴ͿɺͰ׻ֱ뿪̤ϳȥ·


1347 һ˶Զ
뿪ɽŰ׻ͿɣٶȲ죬δգֻͽС
һۣʮչȥ
һ죬һֻѪɫƳնΪʶһڴϢͿԣתûʶʹͿɵЩɫ
ʦͳˣ߰ˣѾԽ߾ڳضȥ
ٶ
лһĨâͳˣĻ졣
ߡ
˵ɫӿŰ׻Ϳɳʣ˲ϢԶȥ
֮󣬴ԼȥʮŰ׻Ϳɳһ嫴ɽǰ
ԶԶȥɽΡ룬һãء
Ȼɽ
ء

ɽųһɽ֮ɽ˵ΪŴסĵط֮һ
Ű׻Ϳн֯ƹ⣬ɽΡɽͽ֯ãܿ͸оһ˿Ϣŵ
ȵŨȴܲɣܺ嫣֯һĳĲ
򵥣

ͿԱߣأʵʦҪҪȥһߣ
ʱáҡͷһ䣺⣬Ҳʦٽʦ
Ϳɹɵĵͷõʦ֪ʦ
죺
أк׻ͿԶУһƽ̹ɽλöȥ
ܿ죬߳˴ǧԶ
طƱ÷ǳûʲôˣֲҲԵϡࡣ
Ű׻Ϳߵͣǰ
ܿ죬ӹȥǰĿòѰһɹܲӿ֡
һ̣ٵӰڵƽϣ֯ǿѪ񻪣ڹ⣬˳ǿķݣڵļС
ñ
⣬ʮռ䡣
ЩС˵ȻôŰ滹ߡ
׻Ʋ졣
ܹ֣
Ϳɵ
֮ǰ̩ɽؾʱͳ˾ɱһŲٸ֣뽫ǼǿȫʱǼһЩɢСǰˣпȫʱּͳˣͳɱĶҪռɽȻǺܲˡ
鵭Įվԭأͳӭ
ͳ߰˴ӶɱѾԽ߾ڳضȥһȻ˿ǰ졢׻Ϳɣ϶ǻâͺ⡣
ʿǣѾ֪ҵȽɱ
֪Σ̫ҵȣөԡ
ǣڴҵȣ
ˣЦ
ǣ
߰ʿĿĮһǿĴУԺܸ߰
ʮ߳ڹ⣬һӽ
ϵʯʥ飬ҵȷĹ֮񽣣ն۵ĻǣĨɱС
ʮ˱ĮڳۣԵú
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Ľ̼佻֯ÿһǿǳһʱա
ʦɪˣǹһʯ꣬ǳ¡Ϳһߵʯ˿ͨĹǱʯһ˿˵նɱǿߡΪһǿţнн綼Ƚ˽⣬֪ɪ塣
үҲ֪ɪ壬лԶǱʯһ챦
׻
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶ǰĽͬˮһƵ𶯵Ŀ˻
ɪ֮ᴩˣ
ɪʮ䣬߾ֻ£ܼĽâֱˡ
һʱ䣬նҪᴩˣĽ⣬̴һС
վԭؿȻâӿֱ֯һ쫷糯ǰ
նɪʱת䷽򣬺Хųɪʮ˻նȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһըʮɪ˵㱻նһѪ
Ŀжݣֱܿñ
飬֮꣡
һɿݵվ˳Ҳ֪˶ãƺѾǰֻſ˹ײڣͬǲĦһ̶ݵͫ׽֯˵ĺ֮⡣
Ż䣬ӿܼԺпֳѪɫӵ߳飬Ҫ˵סڵС
ʦڤˣ
Ϳɵ

ɿݵѾڰ벽ΣٶŽǰʮǿǳʱֱ֣ˡ
Į˦־һף˲佫յһɶֱӲƵڤɿݵϡ

߲ҽУϧȴãһ˲Ǳյ
ϣ
ڤͳʮӣɿת۱ɫյ𣬶ʱɫ
һ벽漶ǿ߰Ȼô׵ı˸նˣ


1348 
һ벽澳ǿ߾ôնͳٶһ
η壬Ĺâҫʮҵȵǰ·˿ɵһ߿ڣ⣬ٶڶгһ˷ȣ֯һƵƣһ̶׼죬ϵıĮ֮ͷ
䣡
⣬һƹ両ֶ֯ܡ
һ̣һ޴ͼֶһɿѹӿ
ʦǽ͢ˣǿĴУһˣܿ£
Ϳɶ
䣡
ǰøŨͼɱӿ£⡣
ҫ£
˺ȵзѹ£ͼֱ֮ӳѹ˹ȥ
ͼɹѿռ䣬
˦֣һɫâɹ͵һͼᴩüġ

ߴһĲҽУը
áǿ󣡡
Ϳ˫۷⣬֪ǿһǿô򵥾ͱɱ̲ס𺳡
⡭
̴ˣ
ôܣ
͢ʮӲǵ̿Ǿ澳һǿˣ񣬾Ȼô׾ͱʿնˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ٶһʱоĿ£һǵˡ
ôᣡôܻôǿˣ
а벽ǿ̲סͳռ壬˫ǺȻ
ҽ̽Ը
õһ˺ȵҲһǿߣȷŵĽ͢һЩٶڶ
ʱ˵ʮվһӽ䣬𳤿ա
һ̣պ¡¡𶯣һɱӿ֯ޱߵɱ⡣
߿ڣɫĮ˼䣬ҫԹ֮
롣
˵Ļһεĵӿͬˮư㳯ǰ
͵ģʱ䣬ޱʥ⵱

õ߷ҽУӴ飬漴һ̯ҽ
εĵʮȫѹ顣
ѪƮɢУ׷
⣬⡭
ܣ
ô
ٶ׿־ˣʲô˰Ȼô׾һδλɱеľǿߣͬնһ㡣
ˣˣ
а벽ǿߵһȫĿ£һ˾Եס
£ٶʱ·ˣһ֣̿Ыһ㡣
ߣΪʲôط߾ߵģ
䵭
̤ǰһƽ֮֯ͬһ㡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ٶһըȫѪ
ɽǻǳ˵ˡ
䣬ǰֿһ
ƽ֯ر𶯣ƶ֯ʮ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪƮǳƬĶը顣
ǿʦ
Ϳ˫۷⣬һݵı顣
ǰʱ֮𶯣ǴƬը
ٶתֻʣʮˣ־壬ôỹôµˣ
ĲһƬѪըƬ
ˣ㲻Ҫ⣡Ͽ췣ڶԶǿ󣬺ܿͻ̣һὫն
һ͢ǿŭ
Һܿǡ
컰򵥣岽
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮʣµʮȫ
ʱطֱӰΨеѪˮȥЩĿġ
ʦ
Ϳ˹ȥ
㲻ʲô
һȺǿ߲εĶǰϻҪ硣
Ƭ̣ɨһΡأתȥ
ߡ
кͿɺͰ׻ȥ
ʦ̫˧ˣ
ͿԵúܼ
ͳǿǰνܶ౦ƻٽڸǷǰǧǿɱ˺ǷŭһնˣҪһɱȥʵѪڡ
κʱ򣬽ַӭŶն

ƽŰ׻ͿɼС
úǿ߾ǰ𶯣һⷭϢܾˡ
ǧӰ۷ǿ߾С
ڶˣ
Į˦־һɫ⡣
ﬣ
̶ǰǧӰ˲һըѪˮȾ졣
ֻһȫ飬һõʬ嶼£ȫѪ
˻
Ϳ̲סһնǧˣп۷ǿߣֶʵ𺳡
ߡ

һԽ߾̤
ûãǧˣѪԻˡ
Դˣûʲô˵ģ֣ɫâ˻ġ

ҽУڿлص
ˣ
㡭

һͷƤ顣
Уһ澳Ľ͢ǰʶ֮⣬һĳʣطһԴؽ͢
ɨһ۷ʵʶ֮⣬أӽն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪŲҽУֻգ۶ѣȫն
ɨһطȾѪĵرŰ׻ͿɣС

͢
ʲôǰˣȫˣһȫնˣ
һһ̱ڣдõڵһľվ
һǳǿˣʱϴžݺŭݣһԨĲ֯ܣطһŤЩˡ
ΰΰĴ̴ˣˣ
һ͢ǿսսĵ
ǰһ̴͢ʶòնɱһģ棬˵֪󣬵ط档

͢ɫúܲÿһ޵ɭڽ֯
漴뿪ƺȥϲĴ
֮ûãϢͳ󾪡
һˣȫնˣ⣬⡭
ô᣿У۷ǿ߰崫жоӢУôܱȫ𣿣
˵ˣһ·ˣ
ʲôɱΰĶȻ
̫ˣ
ͳʿľ
ûãͳ˵֪ǰʧȥѶĵһ͵ڶȫ֮ǰǰʮоҲƺǱͬһɱ
ˣ˴󵨣ҵ𣡡
𾪣ŭ

ͿɺͰ׻һ·У̤ء
ʦһվȥģ
Ϳʵ
ŵ䡣

ŵΪ֮һ綼ܳʷ񻰴˵
λþŵǸطɪռǿ壬ǲڶ֮ڣҪȥһˡ


1349 ɪ
ŵ䣬λϣΪһ񻰴Ĺųǣҡ
Ű׻Ϳɽϣŵ䣬úһ޴Ĺűǰ
ȥűռطΧܴһϢ֯źŨ²
еȷʵͦԶ

֯ڹűϵϢŨҲгʮʷ
òпˮɫǳԶǵЩ˽ǰ㣬ڵʷԶˡ
ԭض˶٣Ű׻ͿɣֱӳŹűڶȥ
˿
űأκִһ쿿ǰ˵
Ȼôһʿ
ûж˵ʲô䣬лһĨ΢⣬ǰ˺ڹű˶ʱ䶼ûһȫΪС
ܿ죬ɪűڡ
űڵĿռǳŹϵ̨ͤȣ֯ŵҲʮֲס
ʲôˣ
űвɪӵ߶űڣʱվʣѪܲ
һ̣ǰʵɪӵܱɫ죬ŵŵɵĺˡ
ǡ㣡
ָ죬ɵڷ
ǰ͢ڴϢǰĶȫ𣬱һɱҴ˹ĨɱòеͳжѾ֪ʱɪӵܿ죬Ȼ̼ϳ˭
ͬһʱ䣬űڵɪӿ죬Ҳɫ
㡭㾹Ҵɪ
Щ˾ŭ
һȺɪӵȫ˳Ѫ˶ѾǴʶΣڵĵԣܲס
ǿ죬ϴźŨĵ⣬жǽ֯Ũɱ⡣
ҲôǿܶɱΰĶ
ʶ۷ɪǿߵһȺ𣬳һɱ졣
וּһնͷ­ַǳȻһɱ
Ȼ˵նֱǰ飬һǿķˮһ㵴۵һɱɪķ飬һƬѪ
ʱطһɪӵɫ𾪣Ƿŭ
㡭㾹ɪɱˣ
Ķħ
Ǵģ
ɪһӵܷŭ
ͿƲ죺ͳ˶ôҪܵռǵĽɱǾȡȻ˵ʲôҪǴǳª
С㰡֪С˺Ͷˣ
׻ĵ
û˵ʲôɫ⽻֯⣬һ𣬻һ쫷糯ܵ
һʱ䣬طһɪӵȫĺɡ
˿ѪӲϴž֡
죡֪ͨͨͳǣʿɱˣ
˽е
˵˭أǲȫ嶼񣡡
Ϳ̧־һĽ⣬ɪӵܵͷ­ն
ҲʿѾͨɾΣʷǷսˣһɪӣȻܵס
Ưֽǳӭ㻢үү̸̸롣
׻
һˣ;˲ִˣѧ˲ʱĴ
ɪһڵ־ŭֱ
㡭ǵţ
˲ȾͳŹűȥȻȥ֪ͨļͳˡ
쾲վԭأδʲô
˵Сӣɪ崫еºܾԶֶ࣬ĸ㶨
׻Сʵ
ġ
ƽ
ʮ׹٣һССɪ壬㲻ʲô
վطܿʮȥɪмߴӰ߳֯ŵѪԵúܻ񣬷ǳˣΪ׵һ˸߾ڰ벽󻹸˸ߣѪܲΪڴ۷Ρ
ǣ
˺Ͱ˸߳űڣһɪӵܶ¶ϲı顣
ǵĿֿ죬Ǻܱ䣬ͬڿһʬ㡣
ˣĵӣС
߳ľУΪ׵ǳĮΪɪһļ
ͬһʵʱ䣬˸ɪ峤ҲĿ顣
ɨɪˣĿɪļϣɪ壬ǲ˶ͼռɽӣǲˣˣ뱻壿
ƽĮʹɪӵܸŭ鶼һƬɭȻ

ˣ

һɪӵܺȳ⡣
鲻䣬ƽС꣬ڵˣȫˡ
õʦ
Ϳɵɽһ콣⣬ֱӳɪղſڵɱȥ
ʱѪˮɽҽд̶գ۾мɪӵܲ



ЩɪӵΪǺͿȴҪ˲٣סͿɵĽ֮ǰڵˣƬ̼д뱻նɱɽ֮¡

ɪļлĺ⣬Ųһ磬ֱӳͿɶ֡
һ̣һ⴫տһɪֱӱǺɡ
ʱط˽Բɵñɫ

Щ˶һԼһļȻͻȻͺ˳ȥ
Ȼһİ˸ҲǶݣϵ˲𾪡
һϿ죺ڶ֣㾹ҡ
ž
˱ɣһߺ󣬰ûܹվ
һ£ɪڵһסˣ˽ǲɵһ
⡭
֪϶ڶ֣ȴζֶʼûпʲôֻǰվԭضѣǸоܿ־塣
Сӣٶȿ԰үû㶯֣
׻죬ƮԱߣأȴҲǲ춯֡
ȹٶȣνǺš
Զɪļվ¶𺳣¶֮ɫ
ˣȷʵǿȷǶɱˣΪɪʲôطֶͨ죬ҲǶ
ֽ̧ӡ
̼䣬ɪĹű𶯣һϵƽֱ֯ӺƵɱâͬһɱȻ֣Ҫһжûֲˡ
ۼɱ󣡡
׻ݡ
һߣͿɽ֮ǰڵɪʮȫնʱҲǱɫ
䣡
ط𶯣ɱ֯񷶼Ϊ֮ɫ
ƣ
ػ󣡡
ػǰһжǸ
ɪһڵӼ˷ܵؽе
ɪ崫оԶۻʼǿߣڿӡеƣʱűˣޱߵɱӿƺҪƬض顣
ڵ£ҽ
ɪ
仰ޱߵ𶯣ɱƺƵĳѹȥ
գ˲䱻
鵭Įûʲô̧һ㡣
ʱһ촫ޱߵɱ̼ɪűϵĵۼɱƴɱһ͵ķ顣


1350 һͳ
ޱɱܼƷ飬ԭɱâƵɪڣ˲ָƽ
һɫ䡣
áʦ̫ˣ
Ϳɵۡ
һۼĿɱ󣬸ɪű񣬾һָ͸ѹˡ
׻ɵӣһĻ
ɪһ˸һ˽ǺȻʧɫ
ôܣ
Щ˾㤡
ǵػ󣬾Ȼô׾ͱٵˣ£ʵԽܡ
ȻȻԽܣҲʵͰǰ

һļŭ
һڵۻʼػɱʱԼֵޱߣһ޴Ȼȴ㱻𻵣ʧʵ̫ˡ
̳ն
гϺ
ɱ
Ҳڡ
֮
ɪ
Ϊף˸һж䣬
һ̣ɪű¡¡һɱϢԹű漴һʯɳԼңϿӡĵơ
¾š
һĮԽдһѹֵĸо
ʯ֯ڹ⣬һħԵ
ϵĽж壬ĵϵĽ֣նɱ
ɪڵأʯдޱȵĹͬĤ㡣
ϵĽ壬նɱУ
һļϺͨҲдΰݣÿ˶ǹޱȡ
ű֮ϣʯ֯ħâ·۾һ㣬ƶȥ
ܻٵۻʼɱƣЩ˼굱мֵ
ʯдĮͬһħ㡣
һƥĽ̽ʮռȫ֣иһѷ졣
׻£űƹʯЩݡ
ͿҲǲɵӣСʦѽܶԸ
ȻͨɲΣʱȴܹоʯĿ£ǵȵ̫Ũˣһ۷ۻʳ˰㣬궼ɵññʱпը鿪һ㡣
ʯˣָá
ƽ
⻰һɪһ˶ʱŭ
󵨣
ҶϵĽ˲
ɱһ飡
ɪһ˺ȳ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ɪʯڴߣħⱩǣƥĽʮ
ſС

úʲôһΣֱӸս֮˹һС
ɪʯһı괫㡭ſ
ȵͨħţâһƬƬգҪ֡
Ȼȴãǿʥһ㣬ƴȫҲѲ
ɪ۽ڽָһһͼûС

һĲҽʯڴһ̣һ¾ͱð
ı꣬ͼ顣
ȥָס
һ˦ֽʯͿɡ
Ϳɽסʯ˫һ£ʹɪʯڵϡ
ղţɪʯʯѣ˺ָãû뵽Ȼתɪʯڵı꣬󶪸ȥָס
Բ˫ۣ˼ı顣
һĵ۽챦Ȼô׾ͱ˱ꡣ
Ҫεȵʵõ
桭ң
ǾݣСĵ죬Ͼɲͨķһڵۼ챦Ȼ˱꣬챦ȴɣ޷ɱ˶ѡ
ͷû˵ʲôһƷ챦ѣԣ㲻ʲô
Ϳɶʱϲллʦ
ɪʯϲĲˣôһڹűֵʵ̫ˡ
׻Բۣȹ໽СӣƫİҲҪ
бһۣʲôռ岻Ǿ˵ڵ۹Ժ˸㡣
˵ţɪȥ
㡭㡭
ɪϲɪ˲һ̳׿־ˡ
һĵۼ챦ǿ̣Ȼôױ˻˱꣬ȥ
һԣֱجΣ
㣬Ҫʲô
ɪźˣǾ֡
̧֣һѽ֮ץ˹ռɽڴʲôĿġ
ͳͻȻҪռһɽоЩŹ֡
ɪ£ΪΪԵ
ԵʲôԵ
ü
֪
ɪ
Ŀһ䣺֪
ɪŵ亹еľָŨʲôԵ桭Ĳ֪ǽ͢Ĵ̵ţ罫䣬ÿһɽһԵɽ࣬Ǻǰ£ģҾ֪ôˣ
üʶɨˣֶԷû˵ѣȷʵֻ֪ôࡣ
һ𣬰㲻飬ֱӽɪķ顣
ҡ
ɪһ˲ǵļôڸնˡ
ĺɽûôռǽۣز١
Į
˵ţ֣ݺᣬһļ̫ϳȫնһص׵ļһ٣ͼ䣬ɪ֡
ˣ
ͼ𶯣׷һɿû뵽ɪڡ
Щɪ˱˿δ𣬵Ǻܿȴһ
ΪҡҵΪ
ˣҵԪûˣ
㡭ǣ
һɪ˾־
ˣһȫΪȫʧ޵ĸˣĵرҲٿ·ԺֻԷ֮ȹ
׻Ϳɶۣһ˲ϵɪˣֶļ¡
Сӣݣ
׻
ݣûֱһ壬Ѿʴˡ
ɽӣһڣڣһ綼⣬Щ˴ͼȡɽռɽӣڴ̤ϣǸĴۣѾˡ

ħħ

ɪˣֻһ˲ѣһϵˡ
ǵĽҰģã
Ϳɵ
쵭ĮɨЩһۣкͿɺͰ׻ߣܿ뿪ɪűгɡ
ʦ̫ˣͿɱ챦ɪ˫۷Ź⣺˵ʦ˭Ȼʦ̵ôǿ󣡡
˵ˣҲʦʦҲʦбֵ⣬õʣֵֹġ
ʦǰͳɰĵ¡
ͿɵˣıһͿ
ԣ˵ʲôŵǵһȥ
֮󣬺ܿʱȥ
ʱŰ׻Ϳŵһű⣬űģɪű࣬֯ŷǳŨϢԵùӶɣ
ռ壬Сӣ˱챦
׻˫۷Ź⡣
ռɪһ뵽˶֮ڣŰ׻Ϳֱӳռڿȥ


1351 ı
ռɪͬΪȽ϶м壬Ȼأ˿ǰ˽أ
үǼӭӣ⽫챦Ҳ׸ү
׻ŵĺܡ
ļռӵܶʱɫһ䣺㣬ǡ
ûʲôϻɫ⵴һ쫷磬ֱӽ⼸ռӵɣͬʱռͥҲķ飬·ɽ
ʱռڣһӵܽǱ
˭һͥ

˭Ҫն
һӵܴŭɫ
һ̣Щ˿ʱȴǶʱɫ
ˣ㣡
ͬɪǰ㣬ЩȻҲ֪죬ʱϳ졣
㡭㾹Ҵͥ
Щ־ŭ
ռ壬ƽĮɫ⵴ȫɡ
ϸһɫ⣬ֱĳռȥ
䣡
ʱռⷽűֱӱնһ޴Ĺһͥ󱻻١
ʲôˣ
Ӱ𣬺ȻΪһļͼϣ֯ŵѪܾˣĶǴڴΡ
ǣǸˣԺΰǸˣ
ӽе
ռļͼϽǶݣĿϣһǴɱǸʿȻ
ռ䣬ôġ
ﬣ
̶һɫâɹֱӽ˵üĹᴩն
ҡ
ռһɫǺݺһǰһĻŵˡ
һǿļ߾ڰ벽ΣȻô׾͸նˡ
㣬㡭
һļϷȻ
ͼռɽҲзݣеĳͷٲ˷ֺ

£ɫâӿֱӽļնʹ⼸Ӧûܹĳ
һʱ䣬ڣһյӳ׻֣̿ɵò
һǿһˣȻôһ˲͸նˡ
Сӣ챦
׻
쿴һӣɫ⻮һ޴ĵ飬սһ̧֯Ĩڵı꣬󶪸׻
һƷ챦ԣûʲôˡ
СӣүԺ͸ˣ
׻ץ챦춼ҪЦѿˡ
쿴ڣ̧һѹһڵĵĥ飬һص׵ļٵһͼֶסһˡ
תۣӡ֯УʹһӽԴɫ䡣
ޡΪҵΪأ
ӵܾ֣ÿһ˵ΪһʧӰ١
ӵܣȫ졣
㣬ǣϡˣ

쵭ĮɨЩһۣк׻Ϳɣȥ
Сǣүˣ͡
׻Ц
һȱ챦Ǹ˵ĺܡ
ڣһȴǸң˽һ֮ɫǵļһڳϱɱǵ챦ߣǵĵƺ٣˵Ϊϣռ彫һм壬޾ĻԻͣûˡ
ʼպƽ߳ûٻͷܿ뿪Զ
ŵеοͣ߹ǵĸ䣬ĹẈ̂ú߳ŵ䣬ȥӺƽ
úһǣͳеʥںڤС
Ű׻Ϳǣûж˵ʲôϻǿɢܿѰʥںڤͳλãֱɱ룬еĸ߲ȫնͬԴɪռǰ㣬ͨȫϵ

ΪΪң
ħħ񲻻ԭģ
ʥںڤеӵܿ־˻
ţŰ׻ͿԶȥ
߳ǣúѰ⼸뵽еͳնЩͳһ߲նЩе̸ϵ˵Ϊ
ˣܹϵ˰˸뵽ееͳ
ʦһվȥģ
Ϳʵ
͢

ȥ͢ĵطǺԶġ
Ϳɵ
ûϵʱ䣬еǡ

Ϳɵͷʦġ˵ţ৵βʦҪҪĺġ
죺
ʵ˵ʲôˣԹԵĳǰȥر͢ڶС
֮ն˸еĵڶɪ塢ռ塢ʥںڤȰ˸бٵ±Ǵ˳תۼʹн𶯡
ˣ˸УȫǸ˻١ˣ
⡭ôܣ
пɪ塢ռ塢ʥںڤǲǶеۻʼɱػҶеۻʱΪ̣ôܶٵˣ⡭ܰ
н𾪡
˲ţǰһۣǿ˰˴󴫳еǷϺͲ״ͳϵȸ߲Անɱؼ崫еĵ̱ᣬػɱҲǱ߽⣬󣬰˸߲µˣȫϵΪ
˸У桭ıˣ
˲
Ǹôǿ󣿣һ˶ѣܽ˸и
ɱһ·ٵɪ塢ռ塢ʥںڤȰ˸У⣬ǡҪ𣿣
ѡѵ룬Ѫϴн磿
н磬ѵҪ𣿣
⣬⡭
ʿԱɫһΣͳȻǳôһֲڣǿƵɱһ֮תۼϵ˸ǿдУ£ʵЩ£нĳ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬н糹ײƽˣʿһŨŨĲ

ĳ񻰹ɽδ֪ؿռڡ
Ƭռǳ鲼ͬһƬʵС㣬ǳˡ
ʲô
һŭƬռڵһ
վʮӰʱһ崫Уж¶ɫò̫ÿ
ǸˣʵȻôǿѾسҵȵԤˣ
ǰѾ˷˺ܶѪ꣬ΪܿͻᱻʥǼնɱ̫Ӱҵȵļƻû뵽Ȼ
֮ǰʱûˣ״ðģ
ʮ˳ϢԵúܿ¡
һֻʿ㣬޷㹻Ѫ꣬򣬺鷳ߵĴж
ʮˣһʱĬ
󣬺ܿʮȥ
֮Ԥ󣬲ٷξۣжһΪģ˵˽ɱ⣬ע͢ǱߣǱ߾ܳκ©

Ű׻ͿɳŽ͢ڶȥżת۱չȥ
ȥյʱ䣬н㷲
Դˣܹ֪ȴ⡣
ܿ죬չȥͿɺͰ׻У͢Ѿû̫Զ
䣡
ͻȻԶճһӰȣɿĳ
һߣŽۣϢǳˣܵĿռ͵졣
ʦǡ֮͢
Ϳɱɫ
ĶţȻ֪֮͢ò˿˲˳
쿴ԶˣƽֹסŲ
ಣ
ƿ̶ܴ֮ԶĽ֮͢ȻҲˣٶȱø죬ֻһգ۱һʮ֮⡣
׻ߣоŶԷǿϢëɵըСӣͷòЩ£
쿴ˣϵıɺƽȴҲһ˿⡣
ˣһǿߣΪһΡ
ʱȻȲεˡ

䣬ıûʲô仯ʼպƽ
Ͼֻһһε˶ѣƺǸմﵽ磬˵㲻ʲôھŶεվǰҲֻ綹
ѣûж⣬˵ڶҽ͢⣬ҽ͢ڴž޴ᣡ˵ı
ͻȻ֮͢ڣĿϣɿ˵


1352 Ļ
Ž֮͢Ļ΢
޹أУ͢ˣɪļ͢һԵǰһɽ԰սĳڿԵŽ֮͢䵭ں˵ǽ͢ûйϵ
ǿɪʶȷʵм͢һ̵Ŷȥ
ͷˣ
׻Խ֮͢Щɵȴ顣
ǣǲˣ
ͿҲ顣
֮͢ŽۣΪһߣȴǳ棬˺ܿļλѣҽͣҵǸҽ͢ҽ͢Щϵ͢һЩҲȷʵ뵽УҴ͢Ǹ˵Уо޴ᣡ
˵ţǿĽ֮͢ĵۻС磬һ˶˳
һͷɫĳԵúܽ׳ʱȴԱӡѹˡ
һݣ֮ǰǿɨӹɪʶԷеĵǰɽĽ͢Ĵ̣ˡ
֮͢ڣⱾҽ͢һ̣һǳǿǳְĻ飬֮ǰұչسһԽȴ룬Ƕʱ֮͢ɫ̫ÿĨɱǣ
֮͢ɿ̱˶ȥ󣬴ƹܽ͢չص·ӡý͢κ˽ӽƻԽ֮͢ԵɪУǰ
ֱǰһգбݣΪսһµľƿչ֮ķӡ֪˶£ҵնǺͶȥĴ̣˶Է쳣ֱӽ֮ѹԳѰ졣
׻Ž֮͢ͷʱ£ж𣿡
ѣԾް٣н͢˲룬ȴǽ͢⣬ǱɵĶԽ֮͢ںڰ֮УԻ䣬֪һڴı֮͢鼱ж棬Ϊ֤ҿԷſʶ
˵ţǰһüĽ֯΢⣬ķſʶκη

׻Щ⡣
ȻſʶɱڼԣһǳΣյľٶΪʶ漰Ķ̫ˣҲʶڣڲκηƵ£ñ˵뼺ʶᱻ̽ѰܡµǣǱͻȻ꣬ûз£˲ͻ뵽ٲ֮ء
쿴Ž֮͢΢
ѣΪսƷ֤͢ס֮͢죬ǵŹͬĵˣӦ֣ںڰеĶҳǳͷǵΪ̫ˣ
н֯âӱ濴ȥ֮͢ƺδ˵ѣֻǴӱȥжϣԣʱ򲢲飺ãҾһ
˵ţ𶯣ֱûԷʶ
֮һʮȥһݣԼء
Сӣô
׻ʵ
ԱߣͿҲ졣
û˵ѡ

ԱԴԷʶ໭棬ȷʵ֮͢ԡ
׻ͿɶǶݣ⡭
Ƭ磬ڰǿĽ͢˭ô󵨣
֮͢׻ͿɣʶɲκηλѣҲҾԲκηңŽ͢ǡ
䣡
ͻȻԶճһɼǿܲʹý֮͢Ļϡ
һߴӳԶգΪһ׼ˣٶȷǳ죬գֻһգ۱˺ͽ֮͢ǰзǳµĵâ֯
ˣţС͢Ľ̻ʣȻƷˣںɫڣͽ֮͢վһ𣬶ֿ˽֮͢űߵṆ̀͢ĿʱһݣЩ£ǶѾ֪ˣ
⻰һӶʱ΢䣬׻ͿҲǶݡ
Ƕɵֻƾ˵һ仰֪˵ǺͶȥ͢Ǹͬһڽ֮͢һı
ӵĺڰߣ͢Źǣ
֮͢ź꣬дŭ
һһɷǳµϢڳʮնѹסˡ
Ϊһ̾ɡ
졭Σ
׻ɫ
ͿҲ𾪣͢ǿߵʵȻ𾳣
ȻȻôǿˡ
۵Ŀڽ֮͢ϣ¶һ˿⣺ͻƣﵽһΣѹܹƿǸӡ˵ţ˵ıʼĮô㲻ʲô˵ţ¡һ죬ΪҲһȫ߶ǿܲӿ֯ʮȽ֮͢ǿ٣նˡ
ʱ֮͢ɫ׻ͿҲһ
ڡΣ
׻һ¡
תۼѣǰǿߣ
ǿ߰ǸΣǿֲĺܡ
Ŀ䣬Ž֮͢ԭΪɱ˶ⶫܵӰҵȵļƻȴû뵽ҲƷ֪ĳЩ£ôһˡģһϾ֮͢н绹Ƿǳõģ´̻֮£᷽࣡
˵ţϢ磬һĳ
䣬εǿѹܣͬѲ˼䣬졢֮͢׻ͿɣǣҵȵԸ˿ɡ
ž
һĶ⴫ֱӴϺĻ壬䡣
ʱ׻Ϳһ㶣֮͢Ҳɵöݡ
Ϳɵۣźµĵطղţһ⣿
εĶ⣬⡭׻۴ž֮ɫĽ֮͢ĿϣСӣǡɵģ֮͢žɫôĵȻǶԷΪͿԸ£֮ǰɪʱϢĳɪһǶ⣬ʱͲ³ĳЩ¡
ɣ
죬ȵĲУһεĳǿߣˣ
ң̣Ȼûпʲô
㻰֮͢ĿҲ䵽ϣѣǣڶ֣죬һɫΪ֮ǰûпʲô
¡һ죬ǰԵر𣬾ŭӣϢøӿ£պ¡¡˻ĿĶ죺ģղţգԼ俴һӰȻǳģȴơ

䣬εӿգһٴѹ䣬䵽űߡ
˴󾪣㡭
飡
̧ȣһŲؿڣ϶ԷĻʹöԷѪ


1353 ʯϢ
ѪҽУһŲؿڣ߹̼Ǿѡ
ʱ֮͢׻Ϳɫ
⡭
֮͢𺳡
ղţ걻գκ˶֣׻²ģǷǳȡڣۿ콫䣬һŲȵԷϣȻı飬ͫʲס˸
Ҫ֪ǿεǿ߰УȴȻԵôС

ŭͨⱩǣֲѹƵʹ𼶵Ľ֮͢ɲһ£ΪɢǿϢ
츩꣬ԵЩ䣬ڶԷ˿ɢĿֲϢ˿Ҳ⣬ؿڵ΢΢һ

ʱĲҽУٴӿѪ
һĻʹð׻һ
ʦá
Ϳݡ
Сӣ⵽ǡжǿ
׻һ¡
Ȼǽ֮͢Ҳɵٴɫ䡣
һεǿڣͬɥȮһĲҽС
ҽУɢǿ˲䱻ķ顣
㣬㡭
ӿѪʱ죬ԭֱӻŨŨĿ־塣
ɱӰǼƻ죬Ҳû뵽쾹Ȼǿȳ̶ȣεоȻһķûС
ĮһûԷʶ˵ʶһ
ʱһ渡طϡ
ƥ˹ɽڡѪꡭ
ɨʶԷʶ䣬һ֪¡
ԷΪһڡĸ߲ǿߣǣȴʼղƬû֪Ĵڣڰƥ˹ɽ
һ׼ڵһʥⳡʥҪȥʿѪΪƷʿ㣬ǿҲ㣬ԶԶ޷нȣ֧ⳡʥԣ뵽һԡԵΪнʿǿȥֶɱЩʿǵѪ꣬ⳡʥ
Ҫн˽ڵضѣϾʼղͳǵĻԣǽ˽͢ϣԽ͢нϵλֻҪ͢ڵпԵ£нһڵͳȻ᲻ţضǰͺ̵ǰ
ǣںܾǰһʼжһޱƽεǿն͢һ̵ĻǶڽ֮͢չصĵط·ӡκ˿Խ֮͢ɪռУɽԵΪͳȥɽ
Ϊ˽£һннĺܳףƬнЩǿߣǿ߾ںεȲΣ˽ĺԭΪƻ˳ĽУȴû뵽ôһʮ߻صֻ壬ܵļƻʱƣΪ˲ܴӰƻɳ˺ǰɱ
ɪڤЩ׳գŪ˰죬Ǳ˺ƵȥƷˡ׻ѵõıڣʲôƨʥĵص˵ͳЩʿʱʿҲ˲ȫ𣬶ͨķ˿¸޷⣬һѡ飬Ҳⳡʥȫ
ĺڰߣ
֮͢ɫѿ
ͿľǸڰеڣȻôһڿµı
ܻᱻȫ
Сӣǹƨʥʲô⣡
׻
⻰ʱ֣ס֣ô
ĮڶԷؿڵһ룬ʱʹöԷҽС
һûڶԷʶУ̽Ѱνʥʲô
һ̣ڶԷʶһö֯Եķġ
ϢʼͺͺƵ
ƣ
ɫ΢䣬ٺˣ͵ǿнͿɡ׻ͽ֮ͬ͢ʱ𿪣ת۷ǧԶ
׻üСӣʲ
䣡
˵ԱֱըˣͬԻ٣ֲϢƵʮֱӴϰ׻Ļ
Ĺâֱӽû
׻ɫǺ˵ʶʲôԻٵĽƣ
ʦ
Ϳ־ּ
֮͢ҲǱɫĶǰ
ǰĹâɢȥرһֱҵӡ
˿˿Ƶ̳ƮƯУ⽻֯ޱƣûһЩطˡ
ʦ
Ϳ৵һ¾ͳ˹ȥûʲô󰭺󣬷һ
֮͢Ҳ˹ȥܱߵĻϢͷƤз飬΢΢Ƿлȡղ𿪣ǾԶˡ
ͬʱʱ죬͢һθоľĲΪղţεĺͻȻըǵȻǿֲĺܣǣȴȻûʲôˣǺεȵǿЩˡ
βεĳǿߣʶоȻԻٵĽƣΪʥ֪ѹָղǸҪʥʱô֡׻ĥôǸʲôƨʥôΪʲôУ
ͿԱߣΪϵɳ
⣬ɫһϵɳȫʧָԭ״
ƫͷƥ˹ɽķ
ѣһͬǰһȺںڰеıԳͷ
֮͢ʱȻҪǰλڰƥ˹ɽڡ
á

ӱ䣬Űƥ˹ɽķâһŰ׻Ϳ˲ʧԭء
֮͢ݣ¶ɫȫûпôƶģеп
˾η


Ű׻Ϳ뿪Īֶκƣúһط
ȥǰһ޴Ĺɽʲôֲлѩ
ǰƥ˹ɽнǧɣλϣΪе֮ɽ
ڣʲôط
׻ܡ
һεؾռ䡣
Ϳɵ
джλؾռ֮ڡ
վڰƥ˹ɽ⣬۵һʱת۱ǿһεؾռ䣬ޱƽ̱֯˺һѷ죬о˵
ԽâŰ׻ͿɣɲǼûС
һ̣ܱ߻ǳһƬǳĿռһۿ߼ʣһƬʵС㣬һɽУΡ롣
ôؾռ䣡
Ϳɶݡ
ܲ׻ͷƬͬСؾռ䣬ͻȻ䶯ݣֱֱĶƬؾռǡСӣ֮ǰᵽ̩ɽðǱʯ飬ǴƬռүоһ˿ϤϢ


1354 벽ۿ
Ű׻ĻжݣлһĨâ
ȷ
ʰ׻
һĿģҪѰ̩ɽðǱʯ顣
ȷƬؾռ
׻
ۿ̩ɽðǱʯ飬ǵǱʯϵϢ
ֻһĨ²ٶ˵ʲôк׻ͿɣֱŰ׻ָŵƬռȥ
Ƭ̺һ˿ȥԶ룬ǰһƬܼȺϢֺ룬н֯һɷǳĵӲɣ
׻΢ۣǾڣ
ԡ
Ѱʶ֪Ƭռ䣬Ҳͬʱ֪Ƭ
ԶԶĿǰĵȺн֯ŵƹ⣬ƬȺӦһ޵ǿ󲨶һͷǱ
Լ䣬طſһս˴ڡ
ʦô𣿡
ͿɷЩ
ҡͷûʲô
˵ţк׻ͿɣǰĵȺȥתۼǰ
ƬûأɪռȴһΪؾռ֮ڣһ˵ûڵⰲıҪ
Ű׻Ϳɳȥнɫâ֡
ﬣ
ɫâ̶ǳֱĳǰնȥ
¡¡ģǰڵֱͥӱնϣľĽ̳
ʱƬȺڣһ˽Աɫ
˭
˳ͺ
һ漶ǿߣǿɨܣܿͷ졣
㣡˱ɫô
ͬһʱ䣬󻹸ӰʱҲǴžݡ
ΪƻǼƻ죬Ȼ֪һ¾˳ôطڵؾռ䣬Ϊ֪ңһȥɱˣ˵ûܳŶԡ
ϣǸۣѾȥȲˡ
׻
ʲô
ܣ
Ѿξ磬ôϴ˵Ķ֣
Ⱥ˸ɫŭ⡣
ҡ
׻Ʋ죬ŷ֮ɫбȺˡ
쳯ǰԵøɴܶ࣬ӿɫâܵ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ֻת۶ѣһȺڵȫ
鵭ĮƬȥ
ﬣ
̶ƽһɫâӿ⣬⳯նȥ
ܣһƬƬ̮еڵӣһ
ˣ㣡
㾹Ȼ

ƬȺŲڵĵӣף࣬Ҳ࣬ʱĽɫâ˿ɵһһ
鵭ĮһΪн綫Ļƶߣͼĳʥʽнʥɽܵ˿Ȼֲ飬ط󣬼˾նҰеڵӣһ˲Ϣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյӰ˳ǽ֯ŷǳ˵Ϣ
ϣϣ
˳ڵӾϲһֱ̱ӱնѪ
󣬰׻ͿǶݣʱȻǸо˵Ŀ£ÿϢ֮ǰնɱǸǿһ˿
𼶣
׻ľ
ڣȻô£
̧ͷĿڳӰϣ鵭Įû˿
˶죬ͫ΢
ˣô
ڵʵȻ֪죬֮ǰѾɳεĺȥɱ죬ֹӰǵļƻȴ룬쾹ȻʱɱطһɲõĸоΪȻںǰɱ֮Ǿ˵ɳ˵Ѿ׶༪٣ңǰнеļƻѾ֪ôڴʱɱ
쿴ˣɵĮ漴ĿƿƬռ
ﬣ
ǳ̶ĽХһɳ콣նͬһ㳯ƬռһնȥתĽǰ
̼䣬ǿݺᣬֱӽնķѡ
̳
ˣ
ŭȣɲһĵطһļУڵڡ
䣡
ҲʱӰķѵĹڳתۼնˡ
飬󣬲ȴǽлɫͬʱǵüļеֻۣͷɫԵЩ⡣
ޱ䣬ŵ⣬һַǳ˵ĸо
λˣ
ˣдݣÿ˵ı鶼ޱϡ
ˣڵĴߣڵʼ棬Ƕԣ顣
ǣ
׻Ŀϣʱۡ
ͿܹоĵԹڳӰĿ£ϴżɵʱŰ׻Ļɵʵʶ
Ȼʶˣ̩ɽصðǱʯ顣
׻
ûбӡɽʱۼ̩ɽһʯðøǿᣬļгߣǰˡ
û˵ʲôŸӦɷͬѰϢֱӳֻٹ˴ڱƳ˿̾Ĵˡ
Ŀмϡ
ˣԼһ˿ѹ
ǰϣҲڿ죬䣬ԵúĮ
һ˿ڣĪ˵Ǹˡ
еġĪΪ֣ʱʶԷĿȴʼϣڸӷһ㣬һָ߸ϵ̬
Ȼ£ڵѾˡ
ǡǵĴˣҵȵļƻ϶˷ģն
˵ţ˿죬ܷӿ֯Ŵ̹ǵɱ⣬ȥ
㶯֡ڵƽĿʼϣʵԸն֮
ԣһǿѹ˲Ϣ両ֶΪڴ˿ֱ¶
롭벽ۿվ
׻ɫ
ͿҲǳԾɵý΢Ҳû뵽ʱƬﾹȻȲεĴڡ
ǣڵһڵǸ˷ܣԵúܼ
죬Ŀֱɭڿһ߱ʬ塣
˾ҪԶ֣˲ɱ˶
Ȼ
ǰ㲻ϣҵȵԸضܿʵ֣
һڵӵ
ˣ
һԽ֯Ǳĵȥ
鵭Įڷͷʮ񽣸ֶ
͵һƬʮ񽣺ƺƵĳѹ䣬ѹʮ


1355 ֲѹ
ʮ񽣹â貣ƵĪϲѹµĹǿЩˡ
ķռ䱻̣ǿһֱ£ҽ׻Ϳһ֡

ڵ鵭Į߸ϵ
䣬ʮ񽣱ø£ѹ˻ģ֮һռȫŤ
̧ͷʮ񽣣лһƽɫ⣬ɫʥն
ͣ
ʮ֮ϣ˲佫ѹµʮ񽣵ķ顣
ʱ˽Աɫ
⡭
ס˵˵ʮ񽣣
ôܣ
Щ𺳣ҲǴ󾪡
ˣ˿֮ǰм˿죬Եޱ䣬оâڽ֯
󣬰׻ͿɳԾ
벽ۿյһô׾͵Сӣʵ׵ʲô̶ˣ
׻ۡ
û˵ʲôûȥǸĿո棬Ǹһϡ
ϣʮ񽣵ĵһ죬Щ⣬ܿ죬ӱֵĮˣЩͣϵ͹ˣվܡ


ӿպһգűߡ
ɫ㡭
飡
һŲؿڣ֮ǰĺһ㣬߹ȫȶϡ

ҽУֱѪ
һĻ˲ɫ䡣
ˣ
⣬⣿
ⲻܣ
ڵһڵӲɫ
ڵʼ֮һǾĴڣȻһգڽ¡
׻Ϳɵɴ˫ۣɵһ¡
ʦ㿪ˣ
Ϳ̲ס쭳һִ
ҵĻ氡
׻˿Һ
ǶǱ׾סˣһ벽ۿվĴڣоȻ֮ͬǰǸεĺ㣬׼ͱ˽¡
࣡
ڵĵ˻ʱڽ£ŭ˼㡣
¡¡ģڳ侪˵ܣҪؿڵȸ𿪡
ȻȴǸãؿڵ̫ɽһ㣬ô߶ܣû˿ãѲѹֻ¡
ģ
˻
ô˲ڽ£жѪ˿ֱӵֱʧˡ
졣
ؿڵ΢΢һʱ˱ܡ

˲ҽУٴѪ
һĻһ˲𺧺Ͳ˼ı顣
ڵĵڶһҲǶݣʵ͵һʱ죬ͫ׶ɵһ
࣬ſ
Į
һĵһڣΪǿʼ棬Ϊʣʱ죬䣬ɫƽˮһۡ
£طն£ľеӿ
ССӣˣЩˣ
󣬰׻ɵһ¡
ܡܿ£
Ϳӡ
ȻܸоʵĲ򵥣ʮصǵһѹеˡ
ıȴǲûʲô仯Ȼһ˿ѹȴ޼ɵ
ȣɲڵؿڣƽ֯ѹ¡
ۣ
ֱӱѪ

꾪ִУһ̱ܼƲϣһ顣

ˣ
ô
ⲻܣ
һڵӻ̿֡
ǵĵˣ
׻Ϳһ£һ벽ۿռǿߣȻһŲˣ
ƽĿ⣬˵ϡ
࣡
ʵӱñһںڶһ㣬һĪӿ
ſȴֱɱ˶Էڴ
䣡
ɫƬմչ¶ΪƬռ˷
ۡۿվ
׻Ȼ
ͿҲǴ󾪣ʣȻԽΣ뵽Ǹۿվ
񷣬ĿԻɫŻɵ⽻֯һһеԨͬһеĺڶ
ʴˣ
ʴˣ˱𣡡
ҵȵԸʴ˱صҵʵ֣ʴˣܵģ
һק˫ȭն˵ʽһĳݡ
¡¡ģ𶯣ֵâ֯ϣǿЩˡ
һ̶죬п飬ִĴ
һɱ⣬֯Ƭռ䣬ѹС
վڵرȻо˵ǿ˵Ϊڵۿվڡ
ʹĺ⣬뵽ĵϾȻǿĴڡ
С꣬ˣԶһЩ
ͿɺͰ׻
⻰һ׻Ϳɶһ
СӣҪһսûɣǿǵۿվĵˣУ
׻
ղնɱһ벽ۿռĴڣ֪ǿʱȴɵǣϾֿǸʣĵۿվ磬ɲǰ벽ۿտɱȡ
նȡʯ飬Ȼ󣬻

ƽʹð׻Ϳɶɵһоš
һǸŭԶĶ졣
ƾ㣬Ҳ˵նʴˣ
޴ˣ
ʴһָ㣡
Щ˺ȳ졣
Ե÷ǳƽЩˣĿֻڲ񷶥˵ϡ
ˡ
İ׻Ϳɵ
ͿɺͰ׻ǶݣĿ˸
գͿպˣһקŰ׻β֮ͣһߡ
ʦһǸˣ
졣
תۣקŰ׻˳ȥǧԶǧ⳯ڵķȥ
رʱȻоĵͿɺͰ׻ѾԶ롣
Ų񷶥˵ʣϵı飬ʼնǷǳƽ
䣡
嫵ӿҵĽɫڳ֮Ƶʮ졣
Իصһ̣չ¶ʵɫ䷢˿Ⱦ˽ɫѹǵض£·ҪƬ̵ؾռֱ顣
ʱɫʵѹ̫ǿˣǿѹһ㡣
ڰ˶ΣСӣڰ˶ΣңϢֱֱǡ
׻ľ
ΪԾɢѹ𺳣ڰ˶εܹɢѹ
ѹѾĵۿǿˣ
ʹˣΪ벽ۿռĵҲϰܹɢȿֲѹ죬һİ벽ۿռʿǶֻ֣Ǳѹ
ǿʦʵ̫̫ǿˣ
ͿĿ⣬ܼ
һ̣ɢѹ̫ˣˣٳ
ѹһڵĵڶɵ÷
ǵۿվҲɵͫ΢ܿ죬ĿֱĮ
ѹǿҲվֻڰ˶Σڵۿվ¡䣬ĵۿռѹƵѹؼһУս֣Ψ


1356 սۿ
ۿռѹƵ񷽫ҪѹƬռ䶼Ϊ֮ҡΡ
񷣬㸩죬߸ϣĹء
ʣ
ʣ
ʣ
ڵһڵӴУ˷ܡ
쿴ŲϵʣƽĽɫ𶯣øӳҡ
ǿնϣһȥĹأø㣬ҲҪ
Į𼶣֪
仰䣬һֱӶˣ̽գֱ졣
¡¡ģƬռ˲һɹɿ񱩵쫷磬˷ϯȥ
쫷Щˣգļ¡
ˣ
ȵеӿԶս
ͬһʱ䣬һĵڶҲѳȥվһɽͷϡ
һߣ׻ͿɽԿߣʵһƣĿⶼϣ֪ǿȴǲɵŵǣϾĺܿ¡
䣡
ʵĴ죬ڱһУˡ
ƽûжĻֱһȭӳ
Ǵǵһȭһʱմͬĺ
գۼ䣬ȭͷʵײһ
ϵգʱ˴ƬһƬƬ͸Ŀ𶯲ˮһ㵴
ʶݣ𼶵죬Ȼȫסһơ
лɫ⽻֯һ죬˫Ӱ
鵭Įɫ˫ȭӶһȭһȭѹ¡
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ȭƲײͬսƬռ䱻죬̵˶Ĥʹ
һĻʹһľ
Ĵħסʴˣ
Ȼܺʴ˶棬⡭
ôܣ
Ĳŵı顣
һĵڶǳԾͫʶɵþ˸
طΪжǿϹʱһѣһʴﵽۿվ磬ƥһУһָͷ벽ۿվǿߡڴ֮ϣһ𾳵˾Ȼ棡
𼶵ΪۿǿߣСӣô޵ôֲ
һ򣬰׻죬۵ļ¡
á
Ϳ𺳡
·Խǵ˺Ϊ磬ÿһСĲ඼ޱȾ޴󣬶󾳽ʵֻ֮𣬸޷ȡεΪȻۿռǿߣȻ棬ʵľ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
𶯣սİ
鵭ĮӶɫȭѹ
䣬ˣҪѹ
࣬ܲ

ȭɫȭâѹһУȴôۿվҲˮ׼
ƽƽ
һݣѹ䣬죬ͬʱһ𣬻ɫâֱϯһɫ񽣣ֱĳն¡
ﬣ
մøŨ
һǿɱͨʼһֱŤʮֱüĶȥ
ռ䶼һɾɱϢѹǣɫ񽣰ɫâѹһС
ʴ˵Ĵͨնʥ
նʥһﶼ
һжعԭ㣡
ڵĵӼ
в˼նʥ֪ǿͿֲɻؼ
ǵӡУնʥն
ﬣ
նʥն£ããʮ
ǸоһĿ£ȴû˿仯ɵĮ
ˣ
ͼֱݻأӭѹµնʥϡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ӷȭȭͷ貵Ľâȭѹǰ˻ġ
໣

ɻ˳һһӿ泯ʺȥ
䣡
Ƭռ䶼ƥУ͵ķ飬Ϣ½֯
նʥͼײѣɻ䵽ʽǰ
ӱ䣬ۿռӿɻˣɫ۳һսììɭüĶȥľϵһС
ûжĶӶȭӭϣһȭʻսì֮ϡ
һȭͷսì֮ϣͬʵĽ֮˳
磬սìתۼ佻֯ìӰ£֮ɽӽԶʲôԴڣķâ͸һУûʲôԵֵ
Ӷȭ콣֮һתɫâ񷡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
߼ҽ棬һ·ս񷣬սԶ֮һжٵˡ



һղըѣһԨ˵б˳
ҲƬؾռսŵ磬ƬԣǾһѣʵ˵ʵֲ̫ˣһɽѿգҪƬؾռȥս֪ûٵƬĶٽ
ˣ
ȭһȭѹ£ȭ죬Ƭռһɽֱӱ̮
չնʥâ֯졣
սһѣ֮ɽӽűԱ
⣬⡭
ȫסʴˣ
ô᣿
һڵ
𼶵ʹ϶Ҳ⣬ǺȻǽ֮͢ͳǳһʲôڰ
һĶקȭͷʴһڣնͬˣ˵ţ˵ĿԶһϵİ׻ͿɣֱӶˣƵ𼶵ܳŰ׻Ϳɳȥת˽ǰ
׻ͿһֱڹעʵսʱڵĶɱʱɫ䣬ΪԷ𼶵ĴڣǸֵܵס

̧֣Ӳпɱ⽻֯ѹ׻Ϳɡ
ããɱ⣬˰׻Ϳпռ䡣
Զۿռսһ֯ܣȻǿһĻһ䣬˦־һɫ콣â
ﬣ
̶콣ٶȿ켫ᴩһգۼϽǰ
϶ʱһоն콣ĿֲϢпıֱӱ˿־壺
ۣ
Ѫը콣ն£ֱӽ𼶵ڶ
һĻʹһ˽ֲɵһһǿߣôһâ͸նǺεȿֲս
ллʦ
Ϳɳ캰𼶵ڶɱǱŻˡ
񷣬ԵƽĮâ֯һȥ
ʵĿϣɱʥĻꡣ
࣬ܲΪƾ𼶵Ϊܹеùʣ
䡣
첽䣬鲻䣬ֻһƽĻء
ɫӿ۳һɫ񽣣ճ£նһմѷ죬л


1357 
ɫâƿһմѷ죬ֻգۼնʽǰ
һ𣬻ɢ
ĿϻɫâӿΪɫ콣âնķ顣
㿴ۿǿ޴֪Ϊǵſ񣡡
Į߸ϣǲ
һĵâøŨͬһֻɫ̫һ̣Ƭռ𶯣һƬƬɫǹɫٲ
ɫǹգۼֵϣ֯һɺ嫺Ĳ
ǡǿ֮ʴֶΣǿյ
ڵĵӼ
н֯΢⣬ǿ֮û˿仯
һ£Ϊﵽۿվ󣬱ҪǿٶǣʹﵽླԣۿվǿձԴǹ⣬һҲ⡣
̧֣ɫ콣âһμնʡ
וּһɫâƳգ˲նǰ
ߣһΣǿ̼֮佫նĽɫâѹ顣
ڰ˶εΪȻͼۿմڣѻʯĮ˫ֽᷨӡǣǿ֮纣˷ӿһɫĻ棬յĿռ䶼͵죺ǿձԴǿ֮棬棬ڴˡ
䣡
ɫǿջ淭ӿʻֱ֣һɫĻ𺣳ѹ¡
ȻǿձԴǿƥֱ֮ӱջ٣ˣûʲôԵֵˣдƬɽ˲Ϣתۼʧ
ɫĻϰ˻ģƺƵѹ죬Ƭռʱúȡ
Ӷ񽣣ɫ콣âһƬɳնƬǿջ档
Ȼǿջǿᣬն콣âֻתۼ㱻յķ顣
޴ˣͼʴ˿⣬ʴ˵»ҽɣ
ڵӽе
¡¡ģϣɫǿջͬһ㣬ѹ£
ܵһ֮ʣմȾȻ棬һ˲䱻ճɻҡ
ֻתۣǿջǰ
ɡ
ʸ죬䵭
ɨʣеĹɢȥһ̣нɫӿ
ɫޱȳңʼһֱǳǿջӿȥתۼײһ
ʱһ͵ɫȫס˿ɲǿջ档
ǡף
ͫһ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƭؾռ䣬һҲǱɫ
Сӣִ˵еѰˣ
Զ׻Ծ

ͿҲȡ
ףȻ棬֮۶ɣųƿԷپؼУһʿѰҽֱ֮ƿսм֮ٻͨطջٵңΪҪǣƿߵıǿǿԶûбǿޣǳ¡
ˣ
ףɫһУƬռȡ
͵ϴﵽڰ˶ڣǿֻ壬Ȼøӿ£һʼǿջһƵջ١
𣬻еĻʣɷپһл
ͣ
һ촫ǿջ汻ȫٻ١
νĵۿռ
Į
ϣһһӰգۼʽǰѹ¡
࣬Ҫ̫⣡㲻ʲô
䣬ɫâӿâ˷ɱ졣
תۣٴսһռɽ٣ɿݣֲ
ףϻȭһδκֱĲҡ̮
ңͬһʱ䣬ݻһͨһɱʡ
飡
һ죬ɨɣͷɢ˿
ʴˣ
һһ
׻ͿɽԲɵõۣ죬𼶵Ϊɨ˵ۿռʡ
С̫̬ˣǸһ󾳽սȻһ
׻˿Һ
𶯣ףѹ񷡣
ʱɫһͷɢٴǿ֮ͨԡǹ⣬ǿս˼䣬նһâޱ޼ʵĳ졣
䣡
䣡
䣡
˴ս棬ͨԾ춼ϼ⡣
¡¡ģʻǿ֮ݻһֻ֣ͨ졣
һֿµĹͨʤͨǿǿܻ֮
첻ܣԴ׻壬Ӷȭնϡ
ˣ
ײһضںƥĵ֮֯
ףǿֲ֮һ֯ͬĹԣһС
һ۾Щˣ峡С
ৣ
ƿŵھصǲ忪ԣһһӰֻ˲ǿʽǰɫȭͷ£һŽɫǳѹ䡣
ʱɫ㡭
ۣ
һȭѪʺɶղ㱻飬һ
ǲӰתۼֳǰֺ飬ɫȭһȭһȭ£ݻѹʡ
һֿµĹƣȻǵۿռҲԲתۼޱǱӣȥǧԶһɽײķѡ
鲻䣬ܼĽɫâ֣նʺɶǸ
ͬһʱ䣬ͣǲڽɫâ֮ٴɱʡ
ʳ˲޸壬һն콣â
Ȼһ̣ˣǰֱӾһȭ
㡭
飡
ȭǿޱȣֱӺʣѪˮ䡣
ɲͣתֳǰɫȭٴѹ䡣
Ϊ˺棬󾳽սޱȾ޴Ҫ󾳽սǲܵ£ȴǲһǿֻ壬һһεĻ٣ӵԶͬǿߵս󾳽սзɣ
飡
ɫȭâˣһϣֱӽ֮ҵĺɡ
ңٴο絽ǰɫȭͷͬ籩ѹ¡
飡
飡
飡
ȭתۼѣ屻ãĿѪˮա
ˣ
ŭ
һϵܴϯĵˡ
壬һۿɼٶ޸תۼָˣͷ衣
һ̣üļ䣬ǵֻ۽֯һƹĹâͬ۾һ㣬Ҫ˵궼ᴩһɼΪֲϢ֯˳
أ
ͺ
һ⣬ɫøŨüļĵֻΪ貵Ĺ⻪תۼſһƬĴɻ˻һĹʣǴٶȿ쵽㣬ֻһգۼǽֵС
ڣݹǣ
ӱɭ̹ǡ
챻Ƭ֣ݣ˲Ϣһв


1358 ѹƵۿ
üĵֻ⣬ġءʵڵһ㣬ԳһС磬ɻһâɷ֯졣
һʱ䶯ݣɫӿųɻǶ¡
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
˫ֱջٴƬɻ
ȻƬءڵɻ̫ˣеЩĹ˫ĿѪ죬ɷ壬ǳȥǻĺһ㡣
û˿⣬׹ҽݻ񣬽һɻ飬ǲƬء⼫ٿȥ
һأУûܹӵĳ

£ڣһĹ⣬ɻ˳
Щɻʵʴڵһ㣬ǽſµĲգ˲佫ǰ·ϣ˻ųѹ£·ǵеɱ˳㡣
ȹЩ£׺޷ֵʱӡҲݻͼεĻС
ﬣ
̶콣ҲһʩչնĽɫâ
ɫâŴ׺һɱתһƬƬɻǲתءԵƬ֮ȥ
ˣ
ʱһѪƣرԵǿ˲佫𿪡
ңͬʱһ޴Ĺצӵصһ챦ʥϡ
һҷɣʱһʹ
ʦ
ԶͿɲɵýг
ڵһڵǸ˷ܣɵק˫ȭ
ʴ˶
˵
ڣסΣһƬƬɻٴȴײرԵѪɫϣһɿµϣǵۻʬһ㣬Ѫⶼʴ˲٣ҲЩ
ߣ˵ˣһأͻУûܹӵĳ
أһ츳ͨԵۿռΪʩչǳĿ¡
ڵ죬ֽ̧ӡüĵĵֻڣ֯Ũ⡣
ʱ𶯣ø£ɻ˻һ벽ۿռǿ߰㣬ηĳ췢һƬƬգʴһС
ӡ壬Ӷס콣նһƬƬɻȴиɻڵһĹǳˡ
ЩɻԺܿ£ʵڵģͬǵɣĳ죬ɻͻɱ˵ϣֱ¿˺ҧ
͵һеϵһѪ⣬ʺѪˮʱʶ¡
䵭һ𣬽ɫƵ˲佫˵ϵĻӰķ顣
ﬣ
콣з籩ֱӽڵлȫ顣

ʱײƬͻȻ֡
ЩѪɫĪַ֣ͬ·һɶߣӸ죬ǳܼҷǳӲתۼ佫һСĽڵɻӸĹһƬƬա
ۣ
ʱⴴȻӡ壬ȴǱһѪɫᴩ
ѪˮȾƬ
޴ˣ֪ԼжС˰ɣʴǰʲôҲǣ
ڵĵЦ
Զ׻ͿԵ÷ǳǣĿڵ졣
ֻǣǵǽȴʲôҲΪΪ̫ˣﲻκæҪǳȥֻѰ·鷳
𣡡
ڣɻ˻Ѫɷһƽ֯Ϣˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʱʱһ𶯣ͬһ㡣
УʱʱⴴѪˮȾ졣
ʹüòϣۿվǿĺǿӵֶֿΡ
ﬣ
Ӷ콣âһѪɫն飬ɨһƬɻ꣬ʮԶ
ֻǣת۱иɻϣңѪɫøܼϵÿһռ䶼סˡ
ڱʵڣǱܱӣɻɣᴩ꣬³
ʵ
ڲ񷸩ڵ죬߸ϵľ
ڣɨʣһնƬɻ꣬ʮ
̫ˡ
Į΢ֱۡ
һɲǶѣӼ䣬ƽ֯ͫƻ
Ƭڵһת۱ޱܿÿһѪɫܿǵĹ켣ܼɻĶޱȻ
ɨܣĻƶѪɫܣƬرԵѪɫ磬ƹ⽻֯繹ͱ㡣
𣡡
˻ܼѪɱ鲼ÿһա
鵭ĮױܿûһͷӰܿûһ
ʱط˽ԶݣȻ˴ʱ֮ǰı仯ʱޱȴݣڵܼѪѪ֮꣬ƺͬ㡣
ʸǼһ¾˫Ŀϣ󣬶ʱΪ֮ݣ˲˫۾Ĳһ㣬ǿ˫۾ô
ˣɻ붯Ĺᣬɣ
ͺȣȥᣬֱӽ츳ͨʩչޡ
ʱڣ޾ɻһĹһգ֯Ϊһķ籩ʮռ䣬ƺƵĳѹȥ
ȹЩ£ûиκһ˿ܿռ䣬ƾɱơ
ȻоȹƵĿ£ȴû˿仯УѰȹƵ㣬ֱӽֻͼЯֻͼһ
͵һ촫ֻһ˲䣬ޱߵĴĹѪȫ顣
⡭ܣ
ʱɫ
ǽء츳ͨ߶ޣȴ˲䱻ˡ
ţĿֻͼϣɫʱһ䡣
ǣ
ΪۿռǿߣȻһ˲оֻͼĿ¡
ͬʱƬռһʿҲǶݣĿԱֻͼ˹ȥ
ͼƺЩ°ооǡһƬ㣡
׻ļ¡
ͬʱͿҲΪ֮ݡ
䣡
ڣֻۣͼʱɢǿҺ嫵Ĳһʥ㡣
Ļ˵๻ˡ
ʵڴʱرԵ֣һֻͼֱǰѹϡ
һ촫ֻͼصĽ磬ֱӽͨ顣
ʱɫ㡭
ৣ
ƿ𣬴仰ɵشͨһ˲ϣֱӳֻͼѹ¡
ֻͼΪǿޱȣƵ֮⣬ʳУ۵һѹķ顣
ʱ䣬ڵһڵȻǵڶҲ֮ɫ䡣
࣡
ʵͺŲȱѪǧԶǧԶؾ۳
ߣֲ飬ۿһУֻһֱƵʽǰٴֻͼɱҽҲһ˲۳ɴֻͼ
ۣ
ѪŽǿĵۿռһαѹķ飬йǱա


1359 ̩ɽʯ
ѪˮŽը飬ƮڿУԵôĿġ
ʴˣ
һڵӱɫ̲סг
ǵڶҲݣʧɫ

й䶯ת۳н֯Ѫ˿ŭѡ
ߣֻͼͷֱѹ¡
ʮ磡
˫ֱӳһɱͨʮִһԻ˳ÿһִǷǳ£֯޾ɱâȥ
ʮ͵ķ飬л
Įۿǧ㷨ֻͼһֱʼġʮ硱ͨϡ
۵һѪˮ䣬һը
࣡
ϹʱƬѣ޳츳֪ͨأƬԣȫ޵еģȻнǿĽ͢УȴȻһʿбһδδ
ԣֱĪ裡
ŭ𣬸ɱͨļǿձԴɱ졣
ʱطһɱĺ󣬸ֻĹ֯һС
Ƭؾռ㹻̣ѾȻըˡ
ۣһͨһƵâԴֻͼ鹥ɱ
䣡
䣡
䣡
תֹۣ߽ʮɱâ鲼ܵÿһռ䡣
Ҳʱۿٵ·ֻͼٴ䵽Էϡ
ۣ
ʵĴը飬Ѫˮ졣
ͬʱԼҲ˲ˣϾһۿռǿߵķɱȻǿۣҲĹ±

ʵͺһؾۡ
ȾѪĿȴƽһǿ˹ȥֻͼһѹ¡
۵һʵը

ŭޱȣɿ
Ŀ⵭ĮѾ̫࣬ʱֻͼǲһ˲Ϣߣɫȭֱѹ£ȭȭ⣬ͣϡ
飡
飡
飡
ȭͷϵƬռصѪҺӿ׹¡
ʱƬռڣ˳סˡ
ʴˣܡˣ
ôᣬô
ܣʴһʤİܸˣûܣ
һڵĵӲԸһĻ
ڵǿʼ棬Ǿ޵ڣôܻܣ
һ򣬰׻Ϳ־ϲʱѾʤˣ
䣡
ǰŭͨӿĻɫһиռ䡣
䵭ֻǳȭɫȭâѹһУƬ̺һȭϣ飬ݻѪˮƮڿС
ŭġ
飡
Ÿ³֣ȭͷٴεˣֱӽ֮ĻһضУʹ֮İҲ鿪ȥĿģ˲ɵͷƤ顣

ת޸壬еѪ˿ø࣬гʵʵĻ档
ûа仰ֱӾһǱȣ֮ɨǧԶһײһɽϣֱɽķѣɳʯɡ
˿ͣϣӶ콣ܼâɨʡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʸոķѵĴɽʯ𣬱ǱܼĽâɸӡ
һƽ֮գ£һŲؿڡ
ֱӿѪͷ룬ͷȫɢ˿Ե÷ǳǱ
ɱ㣡ɱ㣡
ŭ˫һ̱ͨһƬ
һ̣ڳӿ⣬պ˲ͻȻ䱬һİͬһڻɽڱһ˵֯
ʱ䶯ݣֱȭݺһȭؿڡ
һرֱ̮ķѣٴοѪ
ӿֵȴû˥ڲϱǿԽԽ硣

ɭĶ졣
漴ӿø£رʼҲ֮Ť
ʣʱ򽥽һļ¸Уڷ·һͷ޽Ҫɵһ
ûԥݺ̤һţʹöԷִѪһɫ磬ת뿪ԣԶ
䣡
ȥһ˲䣬ڳһԣٰͬĵ绡֯ϣֱӱգˡ
ȳЩɲЩˣʹǿ춼ɵͷƤ顣
࣡
վɭȻƮͷ֮Դ
Խ¶ʵ壬Ϊһҵʯ飬ϱ鲼䣬ƣҲƣӶ¡
쵱ݣⱾʯ飬һĲĸо
ͬһʱ䣬Զİ׻ɫǡ̩ɽðǱ飡


1360 ̩ɽ϶ʯ
ԶԶŰ׻Ļֶݡ
ǣ̩ɽðǱʯ飿
䣡
ӿš
ͷҵʯ鶶鲼䣬ޱȣ˿ɢֲĲǿ׼һС
ָоͷ·һ㾳ǿ˰㣬˲ļµ
ֻ񣬽Ȿʯƿˣ
Զ׻Ǳɫ
֪ⱾʯĲ򵥣ǳ¡
죬һ̣ҲǱúܳء
֮ǰչ¶ۿռΪʶô⣬ʱⱾʯ飬ȴǼɵñЩ
࣡ܺãǳãȻƵıʽ񱦶˳ò˵ɱļֵ
ɭȻ
ͷʯ飬壬ͬ
ҵʯ齻֯ܣһ̱÷һ㡣
ҫʲô
ĿĮ
һĶն㣡
¡¡ģնͷʯ΢𣬵һĨâɳֱѹ죬֮ձѣ͵
ӭâ첻Ĳ˿⣬ֱӼֻͼâӭȥ
תۣײһΡ
ͣ
ֻͼͬһգ֮Ƿ飬ʧӰ١
춯ݣȻô׾ͱٵˣңʯâȻδʧƲûмͶ٣Ʋĳѹ
ˣٶȺܿ죬ͬܿâ
䣡
󷽣âһɽϣֱʹɽҷһ޴ĺڶڵرϣһۿף֪ж
Ʋò˵Щˣطһʿǲķ
áÿ£
ʴˣȻ޵е񱦣
ʴˣ
ڵӼ˷ܡ
ԶЩĵطһɫһĵڶƽܶ࣬ΪⱾʯȥĵһ̩ɽķѼűۿռʴһ˿ʶӡǣǿƿͼⱾʯƣҼֹһΣǳ£ӵк֮
Զͷʯ飬ϵܶӣҲƣһ񻪽֯һĲС
о
ü¶⡣
Ĳĸо͵̩ɽʱĲУǳơ
࣬ղŵƣȥˣ

ͷҵʯ飬Ϣһһʯֱĳȥ
ǷۣȻоĵĿ£УҲ濹⣬ܡ
ٶȷǳ죬ƶһĽɫӰܿ⡣
һԶһƬڣ˲ʹ٣ˮԴ̱ȫаɫ֯
ٶȺܿ죬ҿֶܼá

˵ţͷʯٴ𶯣һʮɿĳȥ
ңЩٶҲÿǿķռ䣬Ӹ乥졣
üҴ⣬ŵھصǲɿܣܿһʯ⡣
Ŀܺã
仰£ʯ𶯣Ĺâ
תۼ䣬ʯ졣
ǿۿɿ򷨣ӭŰʯɿܣҼǿͨ⡣
Ȼʯڳĺܿ£â֯գѹǿۣʱƣܵĶǽò˳
ۣ
һʯؿڣ˲ɡ
ʦ
ԶͿɱɫ̲סг
ɣѪˮԿ˲һҵʹڵҲһ̱óٻҪ˰㡣
ͬʱٴһĲĸо֮ǰǿ࣬ǳϤ
ûģ̩ɽʱָоһ
ü
ĲУ̩ɽµġϡĲУƺͬԴ
䣡
ţƬռΪ֮𶯣һѹֵϢʼӿ֡
ͷҸߵʯʱޱȳңϵĸâţתۼ·һִĿֲͬˮưһƵĵ
Ϣһʱ䣬Ƭռ˽һɫǴ䡣
Ϣµˡ
èϷΪֹ˽㡣
ʶ죬Įۻʰ㸩죬ֽ̧ӡʱͷʯ鶯ˣų⣬·һѹȥ
¡¡ģ˵Ĳ֯ϣܣÿһƬռ䶼׷ˡ
ȷǿľˣۿǿҲѽ⿪
áǿ
ʴ޵еģ
һɱ
һڵӼ
׻ͿǶʧɫǱʯѹ£ͬǿѹ־
ӭȹȻκζĿ£ʹƺҪѿˣԴھ
ʱȴ۵һƾâڽ֯
̩ɽͬԴ̩ɽ̩ɽµϣӰ쵽

ӭʯѹ£һ̲ܣ⣬ǷɿĻ̩ɽܵҸڹǵ̩ɽϣʹǵ̩ɽϵļ俪ʼѡ
󣬺ܿ죬֮ǰڹһ̩ɽѪлûʲôµĲҲûۿɼ壬ɿ鲼ÿһ䣬ʹĽɫ⽥ûʹϢñ֮ǰƽ˲١
ʱѹʯһѹֹסǸӦʲô
ʹоâһȻ̩ɽµϣӰ쵽Ȿʯ飡
ͬһʱ䣬ʱɫô£ƿʯ飬Լʶӡǣʱ֮ѹ죬ʯȴȻԼͣ·ʲôӰ쵽ˡ
ңƬռһҲǶݡ
ʯ飬ѹȥˣ
׻ȡ
ʲôӰˣ
ͿҲǶݣʴӱӭȳȻǿһ˿Ź֡
ʶɫȻ֪ʯΪͻȻֹסȴ֪һйأʹɫʱøɭӿƺƵĳʯӿȥϵһʶӡǴ߶ʯ飬̣ɱ
ʯʱٴζˣȻȴһεĳѹ¡
գֱһƬ
Į̩ɽؾռ̩ɽµϽڹǵһֱӡѪʶУʱһϸĻ
ѹʯһٴֹס
ղΣ
Į
̫ľתı죬ڵ̩ɽϴ߶ĸ
ֹסʯϸ䷢⣬ƶȥ
һεƶȴǺ֮ǰʯʵƿѹβͬһΣʯûɢһµĲؼ˰㣬Ҫȥߡ
ʵɫ־ŭĶ죺㣡һ̣оʯƿأòײϴµʶӡһڴ


1361 
ʯ鶶ϸڷ⣬ȴԵʮ͡
ǾñĺӼ׵ˣȥ
ʲô
ŭȡ
Ȿʯ飬ƿأ
Į̩ɽ򵽵ڵ̩ɽϼĸǿ
ʱʯٶȱøЩ
ʹɫøѿޱȾŭ
Ǳʵģ
ͺ߶ӡʯϵʶӡǣʹʯһͣ³Ʈȥ

ʱʯ鹥ɱ죬ңʱҲõ
ΪʯʱʯܵĳĴӰ죬֮ơ
ʱֻܾ֮صԼߡ
ع飡
Ⱥ
ֻҪʯصߣƿأ޷Ӱʯ顣
ʯʱΪڲµʶӡǣʱʼƮȥ
ҧ̫ľתĸ죬ʹڵ̩ɽϸֵĽ̼֯䣬ʯ鵱ֹסƮأתֳƮȥ

ŭȣ󶯣ӡʯϵʶӡʩʹʯƮ
Ȼʾڵ̩ɽϱչ¶ĸǿʯ顣
ʱʯֿʼʡ
һĻʹطһ˽Ծ
СӣںͷǱʯ飿ôģʯѾƿ˰Ȼǿ᣿
׻Բۡ
ˣ
ǰϣʯ˵𶯣ϵ䷢⣬ʱǿʢʱ
ԶʮԶȫʯ顣
ߣһںʯϢͬԴ̩ɽϣһʯϴʶӡǣʯ飬ȫƽʹʯȫм䣬˵𶯣ܱߵһŤһ
ˣʵͺȣɭȻⶫǱʵģ
Ŀֽһӡʱ䣬һĲ֯˳
Ƭռڣȴڶ⣬һڵӽԴȫû޷Ԧ
ǣΪʵɣ
˵
䣬۵һһڵĵӻȻըѪֱƮߣֱ뵽ڡɢϢʱǿһء
һĻʹһڵӶʱԱɫ
𡭡ʴˣʲô
˲
УըˣѪ⾫Ѫڣǵʼˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըתڵըѪɿڡ
ɢĲǱǿ˼֡
󣬴ˡ
ססְʴˣ
ʲôҪǽΪΪʲôҪ
ڳȴڶ⣬˽Ծ֡
һǿʼ棬ǾˣȻ
ЦƾǣҲǲֻӰˣԭҲδΪеʥļƷĮҪڳΪʵˣ
ڵĵӣĹž涯ֽţԼӡǣʱӡǽһڵը飬ǵѪ⾫Լ
⻰һڳȴһĵڶ˽Ǿ֡
ͬһʱ䣬׻ͿҲݡ
ڵӺʵĶԻУǽĲ׽֡
ɽ磿ǿ֮ϵĳɴ磬Ǵڵģ
׻ۡ
ʯ죬ʱҲǱɫ׽֡
⡭
ͫһ
ֳɽ磬ȻǶͨķ˶Ҳİ˵ס磬ޱߣǿ滹Ҫ󣬾ڱǿո߸Զλá
һֱãֻ׫鹹磬һڵӺʵĶԻȴǷ֣ƺŵ磬һ֮ǰᵽԸȻǽһһֱΪŬһıһڴʿƺҲΪ˽Ϊ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ҵ֯һڵӵ⣬һڵը顣
ըѪ֯羫һ⣬ת۱ɶȥ

һڵӲŵŵɺˣֻҡ
ЩΪˡԸÿ˶ʶĹƴŬʴǽ򣬿ȴǷ֣ʣһʼûҪǴֻǽǵΪӶѡ
㡭һֱֻǣ
ڵ
һ̣ҲˣҪѹȴָѹƲסҪը
ܱãǵļֵǵķǱûбʣǽյĳɾͣΪʶǵļֵ֣ǵҫ
仰£һڵӲĸøӵĻҡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪУͬһ޵Ѫɫ䡣
תۼѣƬؾռȴʺ֮һлɫĵڶ⣬ˣȫը鿪
࣡
ѪӿɿƮʣתڡ
ϢʱԼʽ
@#ӣĻݶ
׻ֱۡ
ʱڵһ˿̩ɽԷʯ飬Ѿûʣ¶ˣ˲ˣԷȴǽһڵӵѪʹָ۷壬ñһʼǿЩʹʯ飬˫࣬ת۱úܴ
ͨ彻֯ԣתۼɹڵӵѪ⾫ʱ˵ˣʯǱʵģߣΣ죬ӱ䣬ӿʹʯһĳƮأʿƻ㳹ƻûϵһʼѡôֻǲ̫鷳ѣڿˣԶ֣ѹʿʥƷǵĻ׼ͨ·
죬㣬ʵĻﲻ䣬أ
䣡
ӿʯ龶ֱƮء
ҧڵ̩ɽȫʩΪ̫ľתޣʯ顣
ȻʱɵһڵӵѪ⾫ʹָұøǿѾûʯ飬ߴʱ̫ࡣ
вõĹ⣬лǵİԸʥԲùƻǺڰ
ͻȻһƬռһŽ۵߳Ƭռ䣬ׯϣһƬһƬĴɫƬռ֮ӿдʥϢ
ƫͷȥһ۾ͿŽ۵ߣ׻ͿҲ˶Է
͢Ľ̻ʣ
׻ݡ
̻⣬ɫ⽻֯ûʲôֲϢȴԵ÷ǳ嫡
ѣڰն𣡡
̻ʿ
˵ţһӣĴɫʱӿתۼǿԽʮɾ嵽ԣ̼û󣬺ƺƵĽڡ
ȹâʥͺ嫣ʹ쵱΢ƺǷɿָ
ֻת۶ѣȬָ۷壬սʰøǿ
ǣ
ʹһΪоȹâǿͲΪֹâԷǳϤʮʱȴ׹â


1362 ֮
ЩԾ֮͢Ĵɫâʵ̫Ϥˡ
ʮѹڰҺȴɫâֹʮƽʮϣΪʮǧʿڶȴɫ⣬ÿһζʹǳ
һΣصû뵽ȻٴμȴɫâұʮεĴ׹âҪŨӾ˶ܹļĽ̻ƿţ֮͸
ʵЩȣԲݣĽ֮͢Ȼƿ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲΪ֮ɫԶĽ֮͢µ϶
וּһ˶֣һۿռɱ۶ɣֱĳŽ֮͢նȥ
һֱ˴ա
Ծлعͬһʵһɱ
ʱŽ֮͢Ĵɫ壬ƳȬҲǳ׻ָսøӵǿ
̻ʣлæˡ
ԶĽ֮͢
ǽ֮͢ͻȻϵȴɫ⣬ֻú⡣
ѣĨڰˣǽ͢Ӧģ岻ݴǣ
֮͢
ǰնڵĺֱԼ뿪˵أҲ֮ڴ˿̸ϵǡüһڵӵѪ׳Ҳͻִɫ⣬֮죬ս
֮ԼսʣǿѾﵽۿռΣΪҲԲǵۿռǿߵĶ֡
̻ͷѵѵǴеǽ֮͢
ͿɼŴɫâҲǺܳԾʱ̲סڣʽ͢Ľ̻ʡ
Ȼ̲ס΢΢ݣֿԶĽ֮͢
̻ۣݲϣȴǷǳǿʢѪܻԵúͣȷʵǡ
⣬
Ϳɾȡ
Ƭһԣ֮͢ǿޱȣҪԭΪڼ࣬кص֮Чֱӵ;һֵ֮ԶԶ޷֮ȡ֮ڶʱǿսңûһ˿һĸá
һ㰡
׻ҲԾ
ͬһʱ䣬н֯һƾâִɫâԭ֮

һƬռ䶼ݺݵĲ¡
ʱӿȫʹñ鲼Ƶǲʯ鶶ĳ߷ȥ
쿴Էһӿ̩ɽ̩ɽֱӱǿʹóʷȥʯһ𣬶ͣ˵Ķ
̻ʣ֮Ժ̣ɷ񣿡
Ž̻ʵ
ȱ֮Ĵ׹âĺ⣬֪йһС
ãһֺܾ˵
Ȼص֪޲ԣ޲
̻ʵ
ͷл
䣬Ŀ⣬䵽ϡ
⣬һƬĮ
䣡
̻͹ƳսҲ֮һ̲καֱӽʱս߶ޣʹؾռ䶼ζ
ѹƵתʮռ䡣
ʶݣѹ̫ڿ£ȻǵۿռɵøоĲ
ɫֱܿȫʩΪʯ鳯Լ
ǱʵģؽҪ
ɭ
ˡ

˫ȭ͵һգɽ̻̫֮ľת㣬߶̩ɽ򵽵ڵһ˿̩ɽϣͬʱرҲһתǿѾʴʶӡǵʯ顣
ң֮𶯱Դֻ꣬ͼһ֯԰֮Ϊ֧ţɿ۳ɴֻͼƺƵĳʱѹȥ
ֻת۶ѣֻͼ䵽ʽǰͼֱѹȥ
ʶʱɫû뵽ʯĹУȻֳܷɱҪôǿͶô
Ĺ
ҧӭſµĴֻͼѹòڳһȥӭ
Ҳˣʯƿضʱ˲١

һ·ʥ
쿪ڣоâ貣һ̩̽ɽ򵽵̩ɽϴޣرҲһתޣʹʯ̴ϵԷ⣬ǿнһɫâ˳ȥΪڵıԴʶӡ
ߣ
ĮȻĳɫâӡʯڵıԴʶֱӵһâ͵һ֮ķ飬ʹʯ㳯
ȣ
ԶӡʯϵıԴʶ飬ʱѪݺһ

һŭһ𿪴ֻͼֳ̧ʯץȥ


1363 ս
ʯɿĳ죬۾ˣһеֳ̧ʯץȥ
Ȿʯ飬ѾֺķѴ۲ӡʶӡǣΪһڳ񱦣ž޴塣
ˣ
ֵ֣̽â֯ϣǹ⣬ֱûʮռ䡣
ߣ콣һĽնϣնȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һֻͼٴθ֣ʥͼѹʡ
䣡
ǿĶƿһ쫷硣
һ𿪣ŵŵɵĺˣʹõ¶һ޴ѷ졣
Ҳʱ̩ɽΪʯߡ
ʯԼ磬ϱ鲼䣬ʱߣܵڵ̩ɽϣһ˶ϵ䷢⣬·İ㡣
ڿⱾʯ飬ϵ䷱¸ӣڷ·ܡ
ˣ
Զ׻˫۷Ź⡣
ǷǳⱾʯĲ򵥣ʱⱾʯأȻǲɵЩ˷ܡ
䣡
ɫ𶯣ɵʱֲϢֱӳɱȥ
ʣ
üеĵֻ۷⣬һμء츳ͨ
ʱһƬ֣˻ɻһĴĹʡ
һʱ䣬ŨɷƺƵʮ
쿴ŶԷǰʯϣ̩ɽϴ߶Ȿʯ顣
˵һʯ鶶һâдѹӭʵ츳ͨ
ͣ
һ죬ʯâ˲ǽʵ츳ͨķ顣
ң֮âƲǲ۵һʹᴩ
ۿռѪˮա
ǿ
쿴ʯ飬лһĨâ
Ȼ֮ǰʯƿʱѾоĿ£ʱԼʩչ߶Ȿʯ飬Ϊ֮ȡϾߣǰͨԿȥܣԼƿأȽ̶ܳȻǺ߱ǰ̡
̧ͷűɱᴩʣ鵭Įʯ飬һ˹ȥ
࣡ʣ
˫Ŀ죬ӭȥɫִܷһӿ
ߣڵ̩ɽϣʵʯϴԼʶӡǣתۼʹʯ鷢ҫ۵Ĺ⣬Ʈͷ߶ʯ飬ֱдƬâʯڳд磬ѹ¡
㣡
־ŭֿ֣ᵽʯ飬Ǻķ˴ʱ͸һ۲ʯϴʶӡǣǿƿأȻȴȻ˲ӡӡǣԽܡͬʱʱʯâ̫ǿᣬ֮ǰƿʯâǿ̫ˣɵñ
Ҳһ̣ʯâĸִ򣬺¡¡ѹ
ܡ
ܲˡ
𣬶ʯ飬ŵھصǲ˲ʽǰ
㡭
飡
ȭֱӽҷɡ
֮ǰʯâպóֱʵϡ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ʵ顣
磡
Զͬлɫĵڶ̲סгһ̳˹ȥ
¡
ʯһ⣬תۼ佫ڶ֣ѹ
۵һڶըҲ֮һ𣬵סʯ֮
Դ˲⣬·һ΢°㣬ʱѹȥ
ʵѪ䶯ոǼʯѹɿˡ
ʱһ˿⣬ƿʯ죬ûĿԵֵ
һɱ㣡
Թĵ˺գת۱ǿУƬؾռ֮⡣
ߣʯһˮӿƬռ䣬ûʸ˳
ʴ󾪣û뵽ˣ컹֮ܽ㡭
飡
һһƽʺգڵرϡ
絽ʽǰֱʯӡ֮ѹ
ſң
ʾŭ
̧ȾһţؿڣʹöԷڿѪ
ҴС
Į
ʲ㣬㡭
ߣ֮˵ʲôֱӼûʶѰʥ¡
ܿ죬ԱԴʶӶԷʶһ档
򡢺ս塢̩ɽ·
һƾâ
ʶУ֪¡ʺ֮ǰĵڶ͵ϹʱѪ䣬֪Լ˲ڵϵ飬ǹϵڵһ塱ĴڵϵĺѪ
˷һż̩ɽ¶ᵽʯ飬ʯ֪£֪ǵѪȫʵĴڣҵ֪ںΪĳԭ̩ɽϿһ·ƺʲôڵ˳Ƭǿߺʹ߳ǿͬᣬǿеһڴܣƬ緢һλս
ΪǳսԭųơӵǡĹǳϣųϵĽ飬һɽɽƽٵΪоǿ֣߳ӡͨƬĹ·ʹǳսƽϢ
ʱǰսĴܶ࣬һЩԭĴǿΪ·ϵӵڣƬ深ܣ˺֮ǰĵڶ͵ƬĺѪ
֪ЩºȻػ뷨󴴽ڣʼ׼ʥͼԵʿѪΪ֧ʥƿ̩ɽϱӡͨƬ·̶
Ƭ磬ԭķԵĴսȻǺʹ˵ейء
𺳡
򣬾Ȼ̩ɽϣȻӡһͨĹ·
׻ԲۣʱͿԼ֮͢һ𣬿絽Աߡ
⣬ֱ
ͿĿࡣ
͢Ľ̻ʶ̲סľԵս˵еͨ˶˵ȻĴڡ̩ɽϷӡһͨĹ·ʵ̫гˣ޷˲Ծ
࣡
˻˫б鲼Ѫ˿
뿪ӡͨ·ƻƻǧʯ鱻ߣ֪һȫڳʹ͸졣

ŭ𣬷ѳȴʯͼȵѹڵϣʱסˡ
һʱ̧֣ʯ֮߶ӡͼΪưСֱӼ˵ʶɱꡣ

ʣ˼񶾣ܷŹԷ
߶ͼЯʯ֮ʶֱײϡ

ʳ鴤ֶĴУһ̣еɫ̼ʧ
ڣȴǱֱӸٵˡ


1364 δ·
ɢȥΨǱƬռھʹȫ
̧֣âһԷʯС
Ϊ֮ԷǱϾһۿռǿߣʥһڱأԺʥǣΪضԴҲʹ뵽ھŶβȥ
ֻ񣬾Ȼ򵱳ǿƬĺʵǡ
׻п۾ɵš
꣬ʱۼ̩ɽʯ飬ʱֻǸо˷ǳǿȴ룬˾ȻǵƬǿµĺ
ɽ簡
̾Ϣ
ҲЩп룬ǿ֮ϻôһƬĹɴ硣
򵽵һƬ嫺ΰĴ磬̿С
Ϳ۾
ڰԸпͿ⻰ɵһ£СѾͷڲҪȥһһȽΪͻƵǿȥ򡣡
жͨ˶һ޵е£·ȴǶ֪һܼѺܲп·Զͨ˵·УϣͿֽ׶ȥøԶϾͿֻͨɼζѣʱȥ򣬶Ϳɶûʲôôпܻ˶Ӱ쵽ȶ
ͿɷǳϻۣȻ֪ڹ৵ľ˹ȥֱҡҡллʦɻעģһʦɵڴ
Ҳʦ

ͿЦʦֲ˼
ԣƲͷ
ʦͽϵá
̻ʱǰһЦŵ˵ĸоһ߰㣬͡
һԼ治ֻСʦһ룬ˡ
̻ЦǺǵģЩ΢΢ǷĺڰڽĨҪл㣬ѣһڴ󺦡Ӧ˵ǰƬһڴ󺦣Ƭ
ʴĻǣ˼񶾣漰ıҪƬʿʥ콫Էնʥɹ
֣̻̫ˣնȰ࣬ҲҵΣӦΪ˵ңҪл̻ʣǽ̻ʼʱֻ⡣
ǹ˵ʵ֮ǰһڵӵѪʹþʵǽ̻֮ս־Իú鷳
˵ţ˶٣ʯ뵽ڣ̻ʣ£̵ˣ֮һЩ£γɷʽȣָ̻һ
֮ʮ⡣
⻰ͿɺͰ׻Ҳɵÿ̻ʡ
ˣ̸ָϣֻ̻̽֡ҡͷֱԭ˵úܼ򵥵ĻǶĳֽĳ˵ķĵŷ𾴳ݣ֮ΪԼжָϺΪ׼򡣡
ʣںͽǶԣͽǿҵһ̶ȣǻγ֮֮нͽŷĽڻŷĸߣΪŷĴ̵ʥΪĳ˵ʥ
̻һһǳͨףǳ򵥣Ϊ콲֮γɣ֮;ŷĴ̺͸ӦΪЩʲô
֮ɣͽиӰ𣿡
ҲѾڽ̻ʶ棬̡̻
ᣬǶʿǷˣ֮иӰ졣̻ҡͷ϶ش𣺡ңһǶʿԻǶͨ˶ԣһĺôȻȺôھη棬ʹһ־УǰеĶĳ϶ԣƵһڱء
ͷԴ˲ɣΪʮӴʱ۹۲ЩʿЩ˽ûΪ֮ʹһ˿һĸ״ʱѯʽ̻⣬Ϊȷһ¶ѣϾ֮һ;ϣ̻ʿԳƵȨ
ط˶ֿڣ̻̹ڡ֮ĸ£̻ʼպͣĸһһ⣬κα
ˣʱĺܿ죬һۣһ¹ȥ
һµʱ̻̹ڡ֮ĸ棬ջͬʱУҲ̻֮̽һ棬ԶԶǿڽ̻ʣֵ̽Ĺи̻һ;ϡ
л̻ʣ
һ죬ͣ½̸վ̻л
һµʱ䣬֮ļ͸ϣջ񼫴ԼѰһδǿ·


1365 Ľ
֮ô࣬һׯãԻųܣδ·֮ϣǻŷǳ˵á
ʴˣȷʵܸл̻ʡ
ҵѡ̻ҡͷʱվдһƵľâ΢΢Ƿ˵ҲӦлһʱ䣬ѧ˺ܶ࣡
һʱ䣬֮ϣָϣָо춼ȫڣһڳأպ·ߵĸɣߵĸԶ
ЦֻЩ΢ĩѣܶԽ̻Һҡ
Եú̻ͣҲһͣܿƬؾռڽ̸á
һۣʱȥһ߳Ƭؾռ䣬̻ʵжˣҪȡĶҲȡˣ׼»ȥˡ
һ·˳磬ڴٴ۵
̻ʵ
Цŵͷٴ̻ʵ𣬶Ű׻Ϳһ۱ʧ
̻ʿ뿪ķ΢΢ǷҲתŽ͢λöȥ

ͽ̻ʷֱһ뿪˺ԶŰ׻Ϳһ·ط
ûգͽߣɽУԵòҲ
ڣ
д΢⡣
֮һֺܾ˺ᡣ
ʼ˼ţһ
֮Ϊе壬ĴڣպԵһڳ
ʦǲ봴̾ۼͽȻۼ֮
Ϳɺܴӱı飬һӾͲ³һЩ¡
ͷȷʵ뷨
ܺðУʦʵ´̣պܳ͢
ͿЩ˷ܡ
ԣɵһЦպ󳬹͢
ʮµͥٸǧ͢ҲԶȲϡ
ۺʵֻͥ޷ͽ͢ᲢۣΪʮͥû漰ڡ
̼򵥣ҪǴ;ۼڡ

ͽ֮Ǽ򵥵Ĵһ̾ܵõҪؼҪ㷺ʹģֻǼ򵥵Ĵһ̣ȥ봫£ô۴̷չǿ£ܻڣ֮
ʮξۼ֮һΪƽڰңڶΪƷʮϣΣΪʮ˳޴ķףӶʹһЩʿΪļȸмͳ羴֮
֮侫ȴԶԶУʱԵģһǸʱΣʱƣЩ˶ĸм֮ҲͽʧףûӴڴУûڴУȻͲ
ҪۼҪֹĴʹڿɲһһ
˵Ҫġ
ʦǶ£㴴̹ɣ½ɣкܶˣҿһȥƬ䴫ȫ⣡
Ϳ˷ܵĺܣקһСȭͷ
Աߣ׻ҲڣСӣС˵ĲԸһƱ
бһۣ̾ۼʥ£ô³ͳˡһƱôô˳

ͷͻȻ䶯ݣֹסĻﶫϷȥ
ʱԼǸϸоһɷǳص
ôˣ
׻ʵ
ͿҲЩ档
Ϸ򣬺رĶ
н֯ƹ⣬Ϸ򣬶ص
ֲһޱԭʼĸоͬһ㡣
ȥ
˵˺һѷ죬Ű׻Ϳɿڣ˲ʧԭء
һ̣һطѿŰ׻Ϳɳ֡

΢紵ʪˮ˵
ȥǰһƬ򣬺ˮտһ˳ˮĽ
Ű׻ͿǰһƬȥ֮ǰӦǵ첨ŨˣԭʼϢҰеƬײ
ǡĽǡ
Ϳһ۾ϳطдЩԾԵЩɵ
үЩӡϹǰʹˣƺһƬš
׻ܵ
һƬͿɵڸǺĽȺͷȺ֮䣬ڵĻǣĴ£ͨ˲٣н磬еۻǿ̽Ѱݴһ˲ͱˡԭȴûκܵö֮ͳΪһƬ֮ء
쿴ǰĺڵ껹ڵʱ֪ƬĽһЩԣݳĳصδ֪ڣ̵ٿĻֵȣԿѧͣȴǲ֪ۻʶɹ
ȻЩȴô⣬ʱطֱ۳źȥֳԭʼϢӵ
ҡ
˵׼ȥס
ͿɵۣʦҪȥȥʲôǺΣգ
֪ǿһĵۿռǿ߶նɱطȴʮֲ飬δ֪ԣ֪ǿ󣬿ʱҪƬȴЩǡ
õġ

ⷽײⲨǳ⣬֪ʲô
ð׻Ϳɾһֱû뵽Ƭ¡
ˮտԿһƹ
Խɫ⻤⣬Ƭ֮½䣬Ӻ״ⲨŨ
һۣȥͻȻ䣬һɷǳ˵ĴӿɫݺݵײĻâϣʹ˲һֻоһֻεĴִӺ̽˳ɲˣҪקڤ

⣬ɫĻĻ̼Ѻۣңٵĳӿȥ
ʱݣ¶ɫ
Ҫ֪Ǵ˶Σʵսһĵۿռǿ߻ҪǿȻĻĻҲǿӲޱȣۿվ֮ûκ˿ƿڣƬײӿδȴȻ˲ķĻ
ⲻò˵Щˣ
΢΢üͷ̫ľתĸ죬ʹķĻøӼ̺͸ǿᣬϵѺ۽޸Ƭĵײȥ
һۣ·ֽһξ룬Ժ֮ӿδǿˣʹķĻٴδһѷ˳
ʹٴγԾɴЩ£ԿһǿˡڣһĵۿռǿߣҲвĵ
һڿµĵɱ֡

شƵƿǳ죬ʱɨķֻһ˲һڷǳµĵɱ֣ǹӿĿֲԴڵɱ֣ڣ뵽ɱ֮ڡ
ңԼãڵɱֵγɣǺӦǹɽ֯ԭʼϢⲨйء
ûʲôرݣȫһֱϵжϡ


1366 쾧
԰Ľǵײһ̽˴֣ѹ⣬ʹķĻһĳѺۣҪ
΢΢üתһƽ֯⡣
Ƹ֣ʱ䣬ѹ£ǹɰʱࡣ
Ͼشһ;ŷǳصЧ赲
ƻ壬ŰĽǸײȥѹԽԽһķ飬һ귢ĸоܳԾ
µۿ۷Ҳסȴ
ľ
شƣЩ¡
תԽԽ죬ڹȥʮڰĽǵײ
ȥײԵ÷ǳңҺɫʯ࣬ƬĻɢܵĴֵȣԿһЩ޴Ұ޵ĺǡ
Щǵ⸽ǿĻֺҰ޵ȡ

ǹɫİѾһ㣬Ҫѹһа㡣
ʱƿڵһʱ䱻ѹˣ֧šˣļҲѾЩˣǱڿһ㡣
壬ڵľ磬طҲֻܴһʱ

վط֣أֱӽתĸ죬ɢѰǹɼдԭʼϢⲨڵأ׼콫֮Ѱ
ܵľãɢǵԭʼϢĶܲһ㣬ԲѰ
ˣ
Ʒ⣬飬ͬһͷͷӶȥѰǹɼдԭʼϢⲨڵصͬʱҲ֮һͻĵɱ֡
ˣһ۰ʱȥɢȥ˼ԶƺǴʲôĶʹú׺𶯣һˮ⺣˳
ǧ֮⣬׵ĵƬĽʯ飬Ƿ˺״㣬һɼдԭʼϢⲨǸλӿŨ˼㡣
ҵˣ
оֱһĨâܼƻ壬ֻһ˹ȥ
תۣһĽʯǰȥƬһȭͷСɫʯƮˮԴ䣬˿˿Ƶɫ⽻֯ϣȥǳͣȴָһޱȳصĸо·һ˿ѹһĴɽ
ǹɼԭʼϢⲨԴԴϵĴɫʯɢ
ǡ쾧
ʱɫ
سʱΪǣ֯ԪΪԭʼֻ֮һƱѹһУĺԪУһЩٵļĺԪһ˿Ǻĸ쾧һĺĸں϶ɡ
Ƕһ֮ռʥ
⡭
ԾʮһżϿĹڡ쾧ļأȴ룬ȻˮɫǳϼôһȭͷСĺ쾧
ȶһռʥֵ֮ȡ
ഫ쾧͵ıƣΪ֣ܡ
ң쾧ıԲϵȼΣϵļǿͬǵ㣬ԶҲûбǿޡ
쿴ȭͷСĺ쾧¶տտâͫʶɵþ
ڵϷôһʥ
Ӧ˵ųΪӵǵĴǣȻľ屦
Ӻ
ź쾧ǿԼƽĳǰҪ֮ȡߡ
ܿ죬쾧ǰʱоһɽѹں쾧ϵЩɫֻǿǰֽҪĸо
ʹӸо쾧ķǷеĹâøŨͳҡ
̧˫֣ڰ˶εΪ߶ޣɿĽӡʩչʱиƽ֯һƬһĲƵ쾧Χ
ˣֱȥʱ޾Ʋں쾧⣬ʹ֮ɢϢ˴룬ԼĵۻС磬֮˽ȥ
󣬼ͬһʱ䣬⺣׵İʱʧӰ١
ȻĴɱԺ쾧Ϊγɣ쾧λɱֱԻ١
찵
֮ǰܵĲ²ĵɱӦɢԭʼϢĶйأڿûıֱͬƽռǰ׼ȷ
ɨܣ˶٣ͣƬıȥ
󣬴Լʱ䣬ڳ棬Ľǵ֮ϡ
ʦ
ԶͿɵ𣬳ֽе
Աߣ׻ĿҲϡ
쿴ˣһ˲Աߡ
ʦղ淢ʲô𶯣û°ɣ
Ϳɿٵ
û£ֻںѰһڱ

֪Ϳɿеġ𶯡һΪ֮ǰѰ쾧ʱǸʱطĺײҲھҵ𶯡
û¾ͺ
Ϳɷ
Աߣ׻ȴ컰еһ㣬ʵѰʲô
ǿޱȣԪ챦УʱȴƬĽѰһڱȻǺܺ棬ʲôĶ챦Ϊ
һʯ
Ц
иˣʲôֱӳſԼĵۻС磬쾧չ
׻Ϳӣɫ
⣬ǡѵǡ
׻Ŵ졣
˵еġ쾧
Ϳ𺧡
Ȼ˶ں쾧ʱֱ˳
Цŵͷ½ۻСպϡ
Ľ֮ΪһƬҲΪ쾧仯γ˵ɱ֣Ժｫƽ
˵
쾧ߣĽǵĵɱ֣Ѿֱˣڡ
պһƬǳȫĵ
׻Ϳ𾪣ֱȥðηǻعǲɵĿࡣ
ʦҲ̫˰ɣִ˵еռʥﶼѰˣ
ͿɵԲۡ
쾧ԭʼĺĸ۶ɣ屦ͱʥԹҲ֪жٴʥͷѾ˼ȥѰ٣ȴǽΪⷢһĴָǴСĺ쾧һѪսǿɱȥᣬȴȻѰһȭͷСһ쾧
Ǻεȵˣ
Ʒãһֱ
Ц
һǲǫ飬ȷǷǳãõĹ֡
Ű׻Ϳɣ˶٣к뿪̤Ϸ·
֮ûȥãһԽ߾һ̤ϡ
ʦǽʲôֱӴһ̰ɣȻȥΪʦۼںһܳΪƬһУ
Ϳק˫֣Դ̴ЩС˷ܡ
̴֮£ʱԺ£ٴ̡

ڰĽ֮Ѱһ쾧֮ԼıԴ


1367 Դ
쾧ģĶʥһ;ûκα֮ȣõ쾧Ȳ뽫֮Ϊ
к׻ͿɼǰУúһ˼ƫԶɽ֮С
ȥܲľ٣඼ǿݻƣҲܸѡ
ʦ
Ϳʵ


䣬ֱӽۻʼıԴС𣬽쾧ȡ˳
쾧ȭͷСΧ޾ƣɸһޱȳصĸоһƵɫ⽻֯쾧ʣ·һСƾѹһ̫ɽǳˡ
ʥﰡⶫıˣҲܺܿ
׻˫۷Ź⡣
һı˱٣޸úķѳߴıԴͻòʧԺ쾧ȴȫõһ㣬ȻǾʯȴɺĸ۶ɣתΪΪԭʼĺĸؼʲôܹ֮ݻ٣㱻ˣҲܺܿȫҪķѳһ˿һĻͱԴԲűռʥ
ԶһЩ
Ϳ˵
ʱҪʼԺ쾧нΪȫȫľҪŵͱȥ¾ûоȥչ˰׻Ϳˣǿ̫ܲǵϢ
׻ͿȻ˽⣬Ҳ˵ʲôֱӺˣһ뿪ǧɶԶ
˳Զ΢΢˸½ĿڽܼƵĺ쾧ϡ
ס
һɫĴ׺¡¡ӿɢȡ
ǿ̶Ȼ㹻ˣһʱ佫ȭͷСĺ쾧֡
ңͬһʱ䣬ʼһƵĽ쾧ơ
ʱ¡һں쾧ƣ쾧ĺϢһ˿طĿռ䵱Ϊ֮һ·һ̾Ҫ١
Ϣֱǡ
׻ļ¡
áÿ£
Ϳӡ
֮ǰܼƷס˺쾧Ϣ˲ûио̫µĲʱԺ쾧ͱ⿪ΧһЩƣʹú쾧Ϣһ˿ʱʹĲɵһ
ʵǺ쾧֯ŵϢ̫ˣѹ̫޴ȻʱѾ뿪ǧԶɸоϢһ彫ѵĸо
ˣ
׽âƣΧں쾧Χڵա
棬߶ȫʩΪ۽쾧
ΪҪԺ쾧һȻǵۻ
Ȼ쾧ޱȼ̣ҪڻȻһ򵥵£ΪҲǷǳѵһ̣ҪķѴʱ䡣
ˣȫ߶۽쾧ʱָɳɿš
һۣ¹ȥ
ºһ죬ȫʩΪ£쾧Ǳ׵۽⡣
ȥһɫҺƮڿУ˿ʣөƣ
ԴȾ𲻼ϵķգȻķʱ䣡
Զ׻ľ
һ㣬Ҳ˵쾧ķǷ
֪ʦҪһʲô̬ı
Ϳɽǰ
ؼ䣬෱࣬ꪡȣൽʱ򣬺쾧ѾڻΪҺ̬ʱˣܺҪʲôı
ˣ
ǰգֽɫһƬĿ
쾧Һ̬֯ɫ⣬봿׵Ľâһ𣬺
춢Ƭ쾧Һ̬ѾҪʲôı
ռĶʥ챾Դ׼һ
ԹΪʥʮɵ

н֯âд
ʱױøңüķŹ⣬ǿʼҺ̬ĺ쾧챾Դģͣ
ˣ
ɫĺӿĴ׽쾧ûҫ۷ǳ
漴ģһɼǿ˳ܵĿռֱӿʼƺҪһ̹ѡ
⡭治Ǻ쾧δΣǾȴѾƣ
Զ׻Ϳ𺧡
ɫ׷ɫĺһһĶ죬¡
ۣɿһеͫ϶죬ӵ档
䣡
֮ԽԽǿֻʮѣƾʹﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
ⲨѾ۷챦ˣ
׻ļ¡
ʱıͣȴѾв۷챦Ϣ֯ʵĲûг;ɢ˿µϢôһκǻ˵ã֪ʱֲһεȵĲΡ
ǰ׷âƣɫĺҲøŨʮռ䡣
һۣ߸ʱȥ
Σ
һͳд
ʱһǰ֮Уһɸӿֲ
ɽҵĲرһµĴѷ졣
Ľɫ֮Уһɫâը֣Ө貣˲ѹһС
һ̣ɫâǿֱӽΧĴȫ飬¶
һ磬־أǷͨ彻֯ƣȫȻ۶ɢž˵Ĺԣ·̺ƺѹһС
Χɫĺ֯ǺӣϿռ䱻һѹķ顣
ã
н֯տտâĸоĲܲŸոնͣȴһֹӵĸоԹųһ㣬ƿѹǿ档
Զ׻ͿȻҲļ£ǿĿ£Ĳ
Сӣ칦ˣ
׻Զʵ
һ

ǰıٴζ֣ǣԼһԴһƱԴһαԴѪڣֱӴرڣٴԴ״
ҪǱԴΪԴȻҪһԼԴԴͱԴѪ˶ıǱԴպһﵽʲôĲΣڱͻﵽӦĲΡ
ңһ棬ΪڱԴĲΪռʥ쾧һԴһƱԴȶͣôֱӳΪеһ֣ǲ١
ˣ
£ȫĵĶ죬ܵȣرû
һۣһ¹ȥ
䣡
һ죬һɼǿŶƬضΪ֮Ҫ̮
ǰӿĴ𣬾رһϹԼ㣬̼Ʈͷд˿˿Ƶĺɹ⣬֡
̧ͷȥֱһѪĸо
΢΢˸رʱһϵ˲𣬻Ϊ磻ٶߵı̱ǣֱӻʮɸߣҪѹأ漴һ±СֱߣƯͷ֮ϡ
ֻҪԶ֮һְ㡣
ƣǿˡ
ã
лһĨϲɫ
Ժ쾧ΪıԴһɹ


1368 ͥٵ
ɫĺɹڱΧ־أ֯ȻƣÿһƶŷǷϢһֹӶϵĸо
Դ˺⣬ţڱԴ·øʡ
ʦϲѽ
Ϳɼ챾ԴɣʱԶ˹
뿴ͷı۾
ھرеһɺ嫺ϵϢ
׻Ҳ˹Χתžرס֮̾
ʱֻǿھرͲһĲĸо
°Ȼڻֻ챦ΣȴۿᲢˣ

Ԫ챦֮󣬱оĻ֣ηΪ걦ʥԼֱۿվླ㾳ɾɾɾɾ񾳡񾳡ʾԼ۾ʮΪӦ
ıԴֻ۷챦ΣȴѾԶԶ챦Ӧеķ룬Կۿռ棬ʵЩȺ𺧡
Ͼɺ쾧ɣȻͬѰ

쾧ȫΪԴĸ֯ŵֿͿֲѹѾƣʱԽԽϲ
ԱߣͿɿžصĺɱ۾ĸƵģץ档
ʦʲô
ʵ
ɵ
ͦģⲻǺ쾧ͳɵôкɵ
׻
ͿҲЩ棬ǰʵѾ˺֣ϾԺ쾧ɣȴ룬ɵ֡
쿴һĺ飬ɵһЦû߹Ϊ֮ͥɵۡԣҵıԴȻΪɵ
ɶ
׻ͿԽǵۡ
쾹һ󴫳еˣ
֮ͥɵۣͿ־ɣƬûͥа
ϹʱҲûС
׻ŹֵĶ졣
Ƭ硣ЦһϣԶ
ʲô
׻Ϳٴδ󾪡
ʦʦ˼ǣ㡭Ѿ߳ǳȥǿеǣȻǿϴͥУΪͥˣ
Ϳɺܴϻۣһ¾˼
ɡ
Ц
϶ĻشͿɺͰ׻ǲɵһ˫۵ɵĸԲˡȻѾ߳һƬԴشͥУΪһɵۣ
⡭
˶ˡ
Ϊ߳ǿѾûκ⣬ʱѾ߳򣬽ǣҴͥУɾȡ
ֱ֮ȥʮ˲ƽЩֶȥǿŴͥĹϴŨŨ˷ܣ׷ʹǿŴǵ
ʮڷʮÿһƬĴ磬ͻƳʮ֮󣬱Ǻǿա첢ʲôΪ˽ܵһƬߵ磬ɹ棬ʿޱȼҡ
ʮʮ죬ߵ磬ǡ
׻ͿɽĿ˸
˵ĲϸȴҲԸоǿǵķǷ
ǣʦ㴴ͥأʵΣ
Ϳʵһǳġ
һ㣬ʮһС
ЦΪ˽ͥ
ʱ䣬׻Ϳɶǲɵһ£Ӳûиɳ
ɱɽ塢̫塢壬ħ塢塢Ѫ̫ۣһʶţг⡭
׻ݣҪδư𣿣
̫̫ˣͿסˣĲУһͻȻޱ˷ʦʦϽҲƬҲͥɣ
򵥽ʮͥʱͼקһԷȭƬ紴̴һ¸ӵĻˣ貵Ĺ
ͷá
ԭʹڶñԴƬ̣Ի
ɵʶڣк׻Ϳ뿪ɽܿ߳Զ
д̣Ҫѡʵ֮أ֮أѾ
Ű׻ͿɣúһƬĸԭ
ȥĿһƬƣǻɳ͹֣ѿһɫֲꡣ
ʦ㲻ط̰ɣ
Ϳ̽Եʵ
ǡ
ͷ
طλþбΪĴƽԭ֮һĻԭܻߣڹȥȴǹй֮һŷǳԶ塣
ﲻ̫ʺ̰ɣ̫ˣһо̣ͽԺҪУͿɵңʦƬ磬ԿƼΪͨʱط̣ؾռڣĺ𣿡
Աߣ׻ҲЩŹֵĿ졣
Ϳɵ뷨һط̣ƺȷʵ̫ʣЩס
ɫƽûϵ̫ߣ¼ͺá˵ţСֶʮ򵱳ѰʣδʹãʱȡһʱɢŨڵ⣬ǲأеöߵûڵıҪ̣Ҫ硣
׻ͿɽǲһֱӵֱۣĿľȱ顣

Ϳ𺳡
⡭
׻ҲԾ
ϣȻôôֵ
쵭һЦתּ佫ط֮£ŵƣһ̶
ʱŨԵصðֱʹطĿռ䱻
ԭߵĻɳ棬תۼһÿ
׻Ϳɵۣȫˣ˽ʱƬͿɣ𾪡طٲȻʱƬĵһ츣ˣ֮ǿʢƬֽûκεطȡ
쵭Цٴλ֣һıϴʯзɳΪʮ򵷻ǿ󴫳ã˲٣ʱЩΪ˺մƬĸһʯܿط޽һ䳡ȣǾ߱ϣЩ䳡ϿܼƣȷЩȶԺͼԣۿʿ֮£˿ƻǡ
ʯȡһʯ֮ͥϣ¡ͥ֡
ˡ

ȥԭһƬߵĻԭ״һƬϣŨ֯ڿУƵɳһǷҺܿ쳤˴ľϢٲȻѾΪһƬ˼ɾڡ
ͥʹ˽Ϊӵǵ硣


1369 ۷
ʻԭһÿֲΪӿֶʹƬԭ쳣ߵĻԭóһȥһƬʥ
á׳ۣ
Ϳ𺳡
ֱʰ
׻զࡣ
ϹʱһֱڣǸʱȴҲûƬô׳۵Ļ棬ٵʣȱڵصΪ
ʦ̫ˣȹģѾƬκһˣ
Ϳ˫۷Ź⡣
ȣ㲻ʲôʮͥ壬΢
˵ţ̧֣ʯȡƬıҩͥڡЩҩԽʲôҲ㲻ϣͨʿԣȴ䡣
漴˺ץľƳľ򣬶ɿĿӡ֣ӡһйžһͨӴĹžͨۻʼĹžͨӦоУҲ֮ط֮ͥڣ򵥵Ĺһؾ
Դˣ½ɡ
ʣµľѸˡ

ʦң̶һٶ֪ͨ䡣
Ϳɾ˵
ô鷳ҡͷʱҪ㱼߸ڲá
£վԭأֱʶͥٳڻԭͽڵС
˶μʶ˲Ǵÿһ䣬ؾռڵǿʿǳڵͨˣԿ
ʱ䣬ӵΪ֮𶯣˶ݣ˴󾪡
ɾɵɽʦȴƽ̵һʱУ̾ͶܿǸϵ˻ԭ
⣬
ŻԭľʱӦԭİʱڻԭϵͥʱطɾɵɽʦһƽɫһ󾪣˶ɵƤӾ
ֵѣʵǴܣ
ɾ̫ϳ̾
̵ƽ̺̫ϳǾ̾˽ΪǰһĻ𺳡
ǰǻֳһһĴ󶯾ȴ룬ʱºѾڻԭϽôһͥ
ϹŵĵǣҲԶûֶΰ
ƽ̸п
λˡ
쵭Ц
һ죬һӰƬĸԭϵһĻĻûκ˲Ȳ𺳣ǰӴеͨˣϵ󣬲ûǰһĻ𺳵ιȥ
ڣΪΪԭϵɧƬľӶˣ˴˵أȴܿͱɾȴƽˡ
ϾΪƬøʢĴУɾȴǷǳ
뵽ѾȻطд̣֮¶С
ɵƽ̵
Ц·Ȼܲпܼѣȴһ£á
ɵȴƽ̶ݣΪƬдУȴڸؾռڣ뷲˵Ե콫дԭҲκʱЩȡ񣬵ȻǺ䷢֣ǵڣĳ˵ʵǱʶЩͨˣԸ֪ͨǵĴڣԸͨ˽Ӵǵ硣
ȴˣ콫ˣʿǷˣһͬʡ
Ϊߡ
ЩƽЩ
ûЩ˸ߣȴԶǿЩˣȻóʲô
ûж˵ʲôֻǵЦһƽͥ
ͥҪ룡
һҼ룡
УҪУ
һ죬һӰ絽ͥ⣬ɽ˺Ըͥ
ֻһգͥƬ磬г˼롣
Դ˺ƽͥƽ̵ˣֱյİʱ֣һƽ̲Ǹ뿪
һˣƬڵͥһ¶Ϳɴͥеһصڣۿռʵʬȡʼʥ
漴һΰ¹ȥʬϣΪ뵽۷塣
ֻһСɿۿվ

н֯â˶ٺ߳صͿɻ
µʱ䣬ͿɽͥĺܺãͥѾӣҪɵĵӽΪ֮ˣûκйС
ɣԿʼˡͿɻǰ̧һ㣬ɵɳһƮͿͷ˿˿Ƶĺ⣺ԴΪʥڼ䣬ƿءͬʱͥҲƣ֮Ҫչһʱ䡣


1370 ۿ
ͥ£ȥ֮ãѾȶǸôʱˡ
ͬʱΪﵽ۷壬չһʱ䣬ۿվ
ڱչǰɵͿΪʥΪպ֮ͬʱҲͥĸ½ԽͿơ
ͷЭ㡣
Ϳɵ
õʦͿɵͷͷɵƯ۾ģʦǳΪ
콫ͥƣԴҲƹܣȻе塣
µ񣬻ö𣬷Ҳ㡣
Ц
Ȼͷô˵ʵͿɵʺȸ涼ûκο޵ģҶºģٲͷδЩ̫顣
ллʦ
Ϳɸ˵ĵ˺󼸲еݡ
̧֣͵֮𣺡ˣһҪ־ڣƽػǰǰ㡣˵ţŵ⣬ڼ䣬ʦһ£һյŮͥУʦһλ˵ĺ
˵ţһָյòָͿɡ
̵Уͳɵδ֮ߣΪҲûй̶ľҪȥ£ϳղԼ㣬ԳҲûʲôôƬ´Уһ̶Ĵ̣Ես
Ƕд˵ĺӦ֮շ
ʦģ
Ϳ֣ص
ͷҵ󣬰ʦչҲһ𴫵
ţ
Ϳ
ãȥɡ
Ц
Ϳɵͷɵ˳ȥ
쿴Ϳ뿪ϹŵЦн֯â
ֻһСˣۿվ
һ쿪ʼͥչء
Ҳһ죬ͿɷԸͥеһͥӣʼ²
Ҳ߳ͥҵգųձƬĸ䣬ɵΪʥΪͥһһͽ
תۣ֮ͥͬһƻһĻԭȼ𣬷ɿĳӡ
ͿɴųձƬ沼һͥԸʱʱͨ˼ԻܣеһЩħʹ֮ͥԽģڱǡ
ˣʱһΣҴҶš
ʱ䣬ͿɵŬ£֮ͥ磬ͥڱ鲼ÿһ䣬࣬٣ڶۣѾȳ޾µĽ͢ͥڵͽҲǿʮ
һͿȫŬĽҲ콫ͥԵйأڣչеͳǵõĹע˲֪˲ԣͽͽȻķǳ졣
ˣ
һ죬ԭϺһף˲һƬ谵һиֶԭˣһ֯С
ڵзɿı󣬳ӣתۼ串޾ңԶķΧ
ѹֺͻϢǵض£սս
ǻԭϵ֮ͥڣһͥӸԱһĻ
⣬ǡ٣
Ϳǡô֮ͥڣʱӭŲĺڰʱɫ
İ׻Ҳļ£ë⡭ʲô٣
Ĳʱϵ֮õۿռǿҲܵס
ˣ
ⷽرøڣѹֺͻϢøӵŨҡ
һ̣΢ɫתɢȥ»ָǹѹֺͻϢ˲ʧӰ١
ͥһص򿪣߳գתߵͥС
ʦ
Ϳɵһʱ俴졣
ͥڣһͥҲ죬дΰݣںɵۡ
쵭ЦùȥԼ¡
Сӣƺǿˡ
׻оı仯
С
Ц
Ϳɣһ㣬ɵͿüķɳ˲Ϣߡ
ʱ䣬ͿΪʥڳñǰǿˣϵĺŨһȻƱøǿ˹ϡ
ĸоɵȻ۷Ҳˡ
ĵͿжŬڴ
Сꡣ
Цŵ
ࡣ
ͿЦĵ
ʱ䣬ڸߴΪȴû£Ϊɵ֯챾ԴϢͱԴĹϵΪĺܿ죬ֻһˣսȻѹƴڶĳǿߡ
ңҲѴƬ磬Ƭн繲ΪͥŮ
ͷͿԱߵһŮӣڱչǰͿѰͥĳգΪдߵĺˡ
գͥɻϰߣ
ʵ
ϰߵģͿչҡ
СԵЩн
þþﵱԼļҡ

ӿн£ͿɵãϾѾʱ䲻ˡ
꣬ɲ̡
ԺҪȥǿжɽ٣ŵúķЩʱ䡣
Ϳɵ˵
Ϳɵ˵ͷһ㶡
ɽ٣ʦҪʲô٣
Ϳɲ졣
١

⻰һʹͿһɲֱӱ˾ȡ
ʦڿѾ𼶲ˣҪ٣ٲֻпͨɾʱŻ𣿣
ͿɳԾ
׻ͳҲ죬־ɡ
û취̫ã̫ѣʣվ֮ÿһ󾳽綼

ɶ
׻ȫסˡ
վ֮ÿһ󾳽綼٣˵ʦһ·ڵģͿ𺳣ʦϱǶħ𣿣
ֱһʲôϱǶħڣ᲻죿
ͿɱűõԴ۵һ졣
׻ۣһԾ뵽ʲôҲ˵ղŵǳ٣ģŵٹˣֲޱȣʱĻֱӾͲ˳ղŵӦ
ͷȫûıҪ
ʱѹ˾磬Ͻǿնɽ١
˵
ܸоĵĵۿմٵĿ£Բ϶ɽ٣ǻٵ̫̫ĽһѲ·
վͥУͿɵ˵һЩ£ͥǿա
ٶȺܿ죬ɫ磬һһΣֻգۼͿ˵ķΧھԶĵطѰһûɫǳֱ뵽С
ȥǳڣǻߵɳĮо˿
ˡ
н֯âѹƾ磬˲Ϣͻ𾳣뵽ۿղΡ
ʱ䣬ѹƵ⣬ɫ⽫նȾһƬɫ
ˣ
ֻһ˲ϢۿɲǸ֡


1371 
ŨɲǸ֣֯һ־޴ĺɫУһĿѪɫŨн֯ͬ·ҪƬؼһС
һʱ䣬
ˣ
һĲֱըѿڰ˲Ϣء
̧ͷȥͷϵɫкʣѪɫ罻֯Уͬһ˫ڶصʹߣҪս
¡¡ģһѪɫͬѪˮһ£С
µĻϢ·ҪһС
ûǳ֮ڣʱһƬУܹǳĸоⳡٵĿ£ȴûη֮ɫϵı飬򶨶ݡ
ˣ
ͷɵ֯˿˿Ƶɫ⣬ͬػһԵս
ɡ
ϵĵۿ٣ƽĵ
ʱ¡¡ģƺӦƣ˻ġ
һ췣ѹ䣡
һĿֱңѪɫµЩˡ
֮ճƬƬûʲôԱ
ѹһУʹŵ׵ĴضԳˣֹסĻζ
оĵ׷Ŀ£ȴɺƽһڵǲԴ̩ɽʯ˳ɫע룬֮ͷϿա
ڱչصʱѾоⲿʯ飬ٲȻһڴʥһ㾳ʯ黤壬Կùֵۿ١
ҲΪˣڶɽǰûκ׼ɫȴǷǳ򶨴ݡ
䣡
һ췣˲ͷ⣬ֱһС
ʯ黤壬ܣ󽫼ͷɵ˳ȥ
ʯ黤סԼ𣬲ηⳡ׷Ҫⳡ٣֮ıԴĸӼ̣ǿ
һ׷תɵײһ𣬽ֱӽɵû
ɵ׹⣬ɹⱻɢ˵𶯡
գѣ٣һ췣Ҳʹķѣתۼɢ
ͷʯվڴУƽ̫ľתɫ⽻֯ɵתۼʹؾ۶
ˣ
ؾ۶ɵɫøŨԭʼĺϢŨһ˿˿绡ʱʱǱ֮ǰøǿЩ
á
찵Եͷ
ɵӭһ췣û֮ûпȥ߶ΪľҪڽ鿪յ֮ٶɵʹø̸ǿ󡣷Ļֻһ췣ȫɵ֮ɷ顣
Ͼһֵ췣ȻҲܿ£ȴԶԶֿοԺ쾧ɵǿޱȣۿվѾΪһڵۿռȫ£ȲླĻ걦ǵɵȫȥⳡ٣Ҳܵǰ׷
񷣺
䣡
д̶ľը죬̵һ췣֮һ̣ڶ׷ֱĳȥ֮ռֱӱ̮
ת۶ѣ׳ͷһڵ׺¡
첻ɽʯ黤ͷɵӭϣɲκη
һתۣɵֱӱڶûԲʮڵĿռȫ顣
ɵûеֵûз£ʱڱڶ췣ķ飬޾ӿ뵽Ƭڣǳѹ¡
֮͵ķ顣
߶ͷʯ飬ϵĹƷ⣬⡣
͵һѹĵڶ׷Ļ˲Ǳķ顣
Ȼǿ

Ѿ֪ⲿʯ鲻һ㣬ƿѹۿռʣԼµƷףʱڶ췣ɻһ˿Ծ
Ҳֻһ˲ѣһָ̣ƽɵ
ɫӿɵܿʹ޸ϵƱø
Ϣǿһ˿
䣡
䣡
䣡
һˮһ䡣
Щֻͨ׹⣬ȴҲɲŹЩͨĽ֮⣬һһϴɵʹɵɫøӾǿʢ
ˣ
Ͼ죬øӿѪɫŭۣһƬһֵӴӲãأƵ
漴һ̣ͷӴѪХһ𣬱ֱĳ졣



ܣѪɫ𣬿ռ
ʱ䣬Ƭ쫷ϯɳɣ䵽ϣرкԶһĿʼѣ޷סİ
УǰĺڷĿ趯ɫȴû˿ı仯
ƽɵκηٴӭϡ
ڱԺ쾧ɣһԴһƱԴһƱԴѪֻҪԶܱ٣ô鶼顣
ԣ˿ҲıᱻȫûǸܣֻԽԽǿ
䣡
Ѫɫ£̼佫ɵֱ֣ķѡ
ЩƬ֣绡͵졣
һͷϡ
ʯӭ͵һ׷飬ȫĶһɵʹ֮飬ϵ˼֣øˡ
γյĻɵƱ֮ǰǿ˸ࡣ


ϣ𶯣Ѫɫܼ˿˿ƵĽ֯͵죬һη췣֣ΪһƬ꣬ʼһֱǾֱѹѪɫģÿһ綼ˮͰ֣š
ڴڣƽоâ֯Ƭ޾η
ɵһӭϡ
ͬʱʯ齫֮εĻ£ܻƣеĻʹ˿
ȻµĴȴ˸ķѣرʮɣһЩط־޴ѷ죬ȵҽص׷Ҫ
ɵһα飬ûκη£һȫ׷Ʈϣͬɫɳ㣬ȥԵЩӨƯ
ת̫ľ֮ܶϢ֮ǰøǿһɫ绡⣬һģһıһ㡣
찵Եͷ׷ڱԽԽǿ⡣
䣡
˵ĺ
׷٣
һʯ黤壬ɵӭӿ챾Դ
֮ʱţ׷׷͵ڰ׷Ⱥ٣һδνɵ飬ƬĽĲƲط׻ٵˣһҽӵص׳ʹÿ
Ҳǳûڣ򣬲֪жᱻǣ
ˣ
񷱩ճױúڰ
ϣڵתԵϢǿʢ㣬ҪݻһС
ھ׷һ̸֣
쿴Ų񷣬н֯âƺⳡٵһ׷ˡ


1372 
ΪɽߣȻԼһ֪ܹģĸоʲôʱʱӦھ췣ⳡٵһˡ
ۿռֻо֣Ǳκ͵ۻʲʱҪ˲١
ۻʽٺʱɶǳ˾׷
Դ˵Ҳ⣬ֻǾվڲƵϣȴ١
䣡
ھ׷ƵĪѹ䣬ʹͷʿϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰܼӰ鲼ա
ЩӰ۶ɣһƬʵŵһ㣬ɢϢ˻֣̿Ȼǵۿ۷弶ǿһĻҲضΪ֮
٣һƺΣʲôر𡣡
ü
Ųѹھ׷н֯â΢΢˼ҡҡͷ
һֶȳȻЩɻ󣬵ȥȴǺףҲȥ⣬ҲûʲôʵԵ塣
ˣ
죬ѹãã񷣬ޱߴأھ׷Ȼѹ
Ӱޱߵ磬ѹ䡣
ʱͷǿʯ黤壬Դ˲⣬ǽɵӭ췣ޱߵ¶ڵʹ֮ԡ׹ɱ䡣



һ촫ɵڵھ׷гһѺۣ顣
ɫĵƬƮϣ󱻳飬ɫĺĸ
漴ʹͷʿϱ۵顢׿޺ʧĿѪӰһ۶ɵĻӰޱ׹䣬û
䣡
س̮˸ףһҽӵص׳ɸߡ
̳ܣϣڵ֮ɢȥر
ϣ̳Ҳɢ춨ڳУʯ黤壬ȻĳŹ˵ھ׷˿
лˡ
Цͷʯ飬֮ڡ
һⱾʯ飬Ҫɹⳡۿ٣Բļ򵥡
ˣ
εϣһ߲ƮŲƵ߲⣬ֱУһƵ߲ʹâëףɿӿڡ
⣬Ϊٹ˫Чˡ
ûгɣֺ󣬵һʱ佫̫ľתǣ̫ľ֮뵽еÿһ䡣
ʱĽɫǿʢҲһٶ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѿɺĸɵһּ佫֮еߣɫӿΪ֮Σֻת۶ѱʹؾ۶
ʱɵ֯һɫ⣬ϵޱ貣ɫ绡˸һĪӵϢøŨ
ã
һĨտտâ
ܵڱֻȴԿȲ걦
ܺڱһԡ߲Уٴζ֮ж졣
ˣ
ɵ֯âӿ䣬񲻽һյޱԭʼĺһɷǳʥĲڡ
й⣬ӵڲܿ쿴һƬһƬĴ⽻֯ڡ
Щޱͣޱʥ
֮

ʱ䣬ͿɵΪʥڣѾޱȺ嫵֮ĸţȻ飬֮Ҳڡ
֮Լսûʯ飬ӦҲԳŹⳡۿ١
ɵ̺֮ɲ٣һ嫺㣬֮սԿùⳡۿ췣ֻ޷ͬʯ黤ǰɵĶȹȥѡ
ƽϴµ߲ѪУͬһʱٶ
ˣһ۰ӹȥϵ߲𶯣󣬻ɢգָ
ɢȥ΢΢ȭоԼǿΪͣڵۿվʶһһ·ѹһС
ʱٴǸεˣһȭ֮ɱ
ɵ֯â΢˸֮뵽ڡ
̧ͷϣԼԿ෱ǡ
ۿվǿձԴٶѪ⣬ʹﵽ벻ླ

ϵ޾ǣ˶٣ԭϥ£̫ľתǿܿǹͨǺӣһɫǹ¡
ǹ٣º󣬵һʱ佫֮û˿˿ƵĽ֮ڡ
漴̫ľǿ֮֮Ѫ֮ڡ
ʱÿһѪⶼ֮һȸУһųҵѪУʱڷķѪͽǡ
ڣоһ˿ʹͬһʼ֮·һ㡣
·ϣ岻ֹһһεĶ壬ֻΪʹࡣ
а
һת̫ľǿձԴ
ˣ
ɫǻԽ֯ĽɫâԽǿʢ
ˣһۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬ͣת̫ľͣԭվ
ʱԸоһǰӯ̺࣬ȴǰԵ˼֣һȭܴһ֮ȥЩˡ
ɵðԵͷǿձԴһ£øǿˡ
뿪ˡ

ۿѾȹʱȻûбҪͣ
ɨܣΪĵۿٶһͿƬڿն𣬳ǳȥֻתۼͳǿС
ǿպ嫣Щ谵ȴ֯ԣԵλúƯ
ǿŵڵķȥûñ֮⡣
񲻴󣬸ǳʤȴԶû
⣬ϣڿȥ
ˮɫǳʱȴüһЩ쳣
ܣԭƼȫˣһƬƬкƮǿ֮ϡ
ЩƬϣо˺ǿ
ʿ١
΢΢üǿʿ򸽽ȻֻٵЩƼǣ
վڵ⣬ǿʶɢѰǿգȻȴǲδʿӰڡ漴ԭض˶ٺֱһοĴڡ
漴ǶݣڵĴڸӦЩǲƬһֹһɣҶǿ
ʿ˵򣿡
ü
ٶȺܿ죬ת۳ڵڵĲ񷶥ˣܰơ
֮ûͣһһӰֻƬ̼ǻصͥ
ûпԼϢ˲ͱͥڵͿɺͰ׻˷֡
˼һϲȻǳɹɹ˵ۿ١
һ̣һ˵ɫ̱ó
ʦˣ̩ɽһȺʿԵǿռѾ˺ܶˡ
Ϳɼеĵ


1373 ̩ɽȾѪ
ͿɵĻ쵱ݡ
ЩƼǱ٣Ĵлδɢǿ֮ǰ²ʿ˵û뵽Ȼûв²⡣
̩ɽʿǿռˣ
ô£
Ϳɡ
Ϳٺܿ죬һǰʮ˽̩ɽǽ̩ɽ󣬻Ϊǣп飬ɱ˵ʱ̩ɽϵοͣӵѶǰȫɱǿǰ˲٣̻ǰҲ̩ɽϡ
ǵ̸ֹԲǵϵʿÿ˵Ϊǿᡣ׻ҲڣѵõЩأƺƺ֪̩ɽһӡͨҪ̩ɽϽӡͨ򿪡
ʮ⽵ٵǿռ̩ɽɱ̫ˣƬ綼ˣʿͨˣĿⶼڶ̩ɽ˽Ի̿֡
ʱɫһ¶ɫ
ʿ򣬲ǿռ̩ɽȻ̩ɽ޼ɵɱ޹
ȥһˡ

̩ɽķֻһͥʧһ̳̩ɽΧ
̩ɽǧ׸ߣȥɽԶͣطãԿʬʮ̴ǧʯ̨ȫѪˮȾ죬ƮźŨѪζ
һĻеĺɫŨ
ֿһ̩ɽɽ£طѪˮȾʪˡ
ʬһ߾ɢҵĵڵϣ඼ǲȱʿҲͨķˡ
ľۣоѪˮС
ϸҿҵµϻ磿
һɭ
Զ̩ɽвվһݵʿڸߴ죬ڿϡ
ɡ
˵ָһгն
͵һͱˣԵЩˡ
ֻתۼѣĽǰնϡ

һ죬ϵУķѡ
Ǻδ̧ͷɏCʿ˫Ŀдһɴ̹ǵ⡣
̩ɽвʿ¶ɫ
ôܣ
죬ʱ˵ɫ΢ǵۿռεǿߣڵۿճڣǵֶֻȴԲһ˵ϣȴȻˡ
ֻɲǼѣһ̣˵ɫһαɭ
ŷǣиʵˡ
˵ţٴζ֣̩ɽв죬ӡնһĿĽ⡣
וּһ羪裬пֲɱ̺УƺҪ硣
գ۶ѣâһϡ
ǿһϣѣȴ˿ûˣâͬǼװ˼Ӳʯһ㡣
ܣ
̩ɽвɏCʿױɫ
ղſѾǼ߳ɵնɱâɽȴȻ㡣
߳նɱں޷ϣȻķ顣
ƫͷɨ̩ɽ³ƬʬĿڸɏCʿϡ
Ϣ䣬һһֱ̣ӳڸʿǰһƳ
ɏCʿɫ㡭
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ۿճڵĸɏCʿĵķ飬ͬҲһ顣
̩ɽǧɴ׻ͿɵˣΪ죬뿪ͥ˱ԼٸʱϵǡɿһĻʱ䶼ɫ䡣
ɣ
׻͵һ¡
˸ʿǿ󣬴ڵۿճڣȴһƾˡ
á
ͿҲĲ
ɽٹͰ׻֪쵱Ǵﵽ˵ۿղΣսضѾһǰͬնʱһĻΪ֮Ĳ
Ͼô˵ǸɏCʿҲһۿռǿ߰ȲεʿȻһƾ͸˸
Ǻεȿֲս
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյ̩ɽӰ嵽Ѫܻ
ۿճڵǿʿɏCʿΪһ̩ɽ֮۷ط絽
һ۾Ϳ죬ԭĸɏCʿȴûܿ
ŷǵϣȻҿ絽һĶ죬ȴǲûڵһʱɱ֣㣬֮ǰطġ
ﬣ
һ̶Ľնһɫâ˵Ļϡ
󣬽ɫâٶȿ쵽㣬ֻһգ۱ڵʿĽǰ
ۣ
ɫâ뿪ڵʿüģ֮նķ飬Ҳһ顣
ԶͿɺͰ׻һ
䡭̬
׻˿Һ
һۿռǿߣһ͸նˡ
սίʵļ¡
ͬһʱ䣬̩ɽ֮ۿʿɫ䣬ǲɵ÷


1374 ӵۿ
ʿ죬ֹסľ㤣ڷ𶶣ʲôˣ
ǰǵһۿճڵͬ飬Ȼһͱն˸ǺεȵĿֲ
쿴ˣӺǱ䣬ֻһɣǰ
˽Դ󾪣ٶ壺㡭
ˣ
̧֣պд֮һƽһ˳
һѽһץסԷΪֱѰʶ
Ƭ̺֪ණԷһܹʮ˽Ƭ磬ΪһŽܹǡǳϵʿΪǴڵۿռϣΪ׵һ˴ڰ벽ΣսԶԶʮˣֻһС벽ܿ뵽ླ硣
ǽֵܣͬУܹ֮ܳǰ̽ѰĳżʱѰһϵǣϵ֪̩ɽһͨĹ·־ϲԼٶøֿӡ׼漴һǰѰƬ硣
Ƭ磬̽Ѱ˷Ƭ֪ƬʵǴķָǺ޹˼ɵĽ̩ɽʱ̩ɽϵο̩ͣɽΪ˽ǣֻΪ˲˸ƽ̩ɽϵͨ·
̩֮ɽԮľԼʿǲնɱΨдĽֶ̻ζӳȥǿס
ǹӲС

ʱӵΪһ·͵ĳһսҲܲڵУȻˣվ˻õʮ˿ǱǣӦþǵǳսδ£ºһѰ֪˹̩ɽϷӡһͨĹ·£ȫӡܹǡ
˵Ĳӣɫâӿ̽˰Ҫ˸Ĩɱ
һֺ̣ݣ˵ʶѰһЩ
ɹȣɫ⣡
΢
ʿܹǣһµɽȣΪɹȣΪϵһʱʱɫ⣬ÿɫʱ𶯣Īǿõ㾳ǿ߶֮
ˣȴһֱ˽֮ȡΪɹȷǳ£ųƿɣǿ㾳ǿ߿УҲһСľ³˵롣
¶âƬ
ȷɢ߲ʹâĶһǽƬȴǷǳ
ѹˣѰ˷˵ʶѰǵǿ꣬ѰʶйڡɹȡĸϢʶ˵ʶг˳
ʿǿ󳹵׺סˣдſ־壺šŹҡ
Ρ

Щ˴ɱô޹֮ˣôܷŹԷӿֱӽ˸飬Ҳһˡ
̩ɽۣ֮գʮȾѪ̨׶ϣܿɽ
ȥ̩ɽȾѪвٲʬʮӰر鲼ƺ͵ƣɢž˵⣬Ȼڽĳʽ
ߵطڵһʱ䱻ʮ˷֣ʮ˵Ŀȫʱ
ŷϵˣ
ʮǼʲôȻƬϷŵɽ
նۡ
ʮֻһ۾Ͷƫͷ񷣬ƺڵȴʲô
һ˻֣նһâ죬·ֻ·Ұһ㡣
ӵĮĽâɽâϣ顣
ţâǸоĽûն죬ɵƫͷֿ죬¶ɫϣЩ
ﬣ
˦նһâ˲ϢƵǰֱӹؿڡ
۵һ˻ӦըҲһ˸顣
ʱ䣬طʮһ˽Աɫʮ
ʮеʮΪڵۿճڣսǿ񣬾Ȼһͱ˸նˣʣµЩ˶Ǵ󾪣ͬʱҲǴŭ

һ˺ȵΪЩеϰˣΪڵۿڣֱ̧ץ졣
ʱ˶ֽ֯򣬷һĹͨ
ǡ
Į
̧֣һץס˵һֱӽ̽Ĵ飬ң͸ԷֱۣڶԷϣ۵һ֮Ѫ
ಣ
⻪һ˵ӳһ壬ʮԶ
ĿָᵯһƽɫĴ׷ɳɲǼ׷˵꣬С

˲ҽУȴѲ˴ףת۾ͱյɢ


1375 
̩ɽۣ֮һͬʱʧɫеڰ˵ˣۿڵΪȻҲնˣңҲһɲǼͱĨɱֱסˡ
ͬһʱ䣬̩ɽԶ׻ͿɿߣҲڵһʱΪ֮Ȼ
Сӣս
׻ļ¡
һۿڵǿߣȻǰ򵥾͸ĨɱˣǺεȳ̶ȵս
쿴ǰ̩ɽ֮ۻʣʮˣۿճڣĸۿڣۿ۷壬һ벽ླÿɢѪױȵǿ
ıĮӲ̩ɽλõʮ˱ƹȥ
ǵˣҪ̫ˣ
ʮоɫź⡣
һֱӶ֣ǴڵۿڣԼǿͨ
һ󽣷ɳһͷԻһѹ䣬ǿһʹ̩ɽҡһ飬ɽһѺۡ

䣬֮ͨͬʱѹȥ
֣ʯڷɳϽ֯Ĺƣ̩ɽס
漴Ųɲ䣬ӭ˺ɱͨһƳ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ڴͨһ˸顣
ֲˣ
ܣ
ֵľɫ̲סԺһ
ǼǿͨȻһƾ͸ˣ
ʱٶȱÿֻһֵ˽ǰ
ˣ
ֱӻȭ䴩գһϣ֮ҵķѣֻȭΪƣһѽԷ˳һֱӸķ顣
ɾľɱ
쵰
Աߣһۿ۷ǿߵͺȣ˫н̹֯Ǻ⣬ɱޣֱһ̳֣ݻʮֵ򣬸ķÿһƬռ䣬츲¡
һʱ䣬¡¡ģһƬƬռֱˣ̩ɽʯ黤סƻڵһʱ̮ܲȳ̶ȵĴ̫֮ǿᡣ
ƫͷĿĮֱӾһȭҵȭѹһС
͵һۿ۷ǿ߼Ĵ˲䱻һȭҵķ顣
˱ɫô᣿
Ǵڵۿ۷壬˰˳ȴɱһȭ͸ˡ
ٶȼ죬˲ǰֱӻӶȭ
໣

ɻ˻ӶȭӰͻӰһֶƴӹϵƽٶȼ죬ֻգۼǽǿ߸û
۵һ˵ķѣΨδǱ˳ȥ
ŵھصǲٶȿ쵽㣬ֻһǿ絽ԷԱߡ
㡭

䵭˵֡

Ϊһڳͨ꣬ʱʹ˲ҽУ
ͬһʱ䣬ǿ߱ɫͬʱɢǿȻɱǵͬ顣
첻ܣһɫĴ׺Ȼһɫ籩Ϊģɿĳ˷ϯȥ
ɲǼ䣬ɱʿԱȽɫûС

ҽеһۿճڵǿ֣߱ת۱ճɻҽҲƶϣֶξҲѲˣֻתۼѱǱ˸ʲôҲû¡
ͬһʱ䣬ԻסǸۿ۷ǿ߷һĲҽУԵס͵һ
תۣطʮǿߣֻʣˡ

һͺ𣬱ɱ⵱
ʣµУΪ׵İ벽ླǿ֣߳ǹ˲£ֱӽĴ׸𣬶һǿ񽣣ֱĳ䡣
Ŀⲻ䣬ʱȴҲûдˣϾԷһ벽ǿߡ
˫֣ͬǹ֮£ӡ֮һչ֯ǿķӡӭ϶Էնǿ񽣡
תۣײһ𣬱ԡ
طռ䶼ճһѺۣռʡ
ܿ죬ɢȥ˵ͨ顣
ס˴
˽ԱɫǵĴǰ벽ླǿߣֻС벽ܿ벻ླˣǰ˾ȻȫסǴĹ
Զİ׻ͿҲľ𺳣ŸոտۿղζѣȻѾԺͰ벽ླ˿𣿣
ۿգͲ֮޵ˣ
׻
̩ɽۣ֮Ϊ׵ǿΪһ꣬һϮ£Ű߱۰ʱҲǶݣû뵽Ȼܹ浲סǣǿɱ
죬ɭܱøŨһںڶ˳
ڶϱ鲼޾ƺƣʼһֱĲ񷶼
궦
֮ɣ̫𾫴ʮն۷ڻ걦֮޵У
ǿ¶â궦Ǵǿĵơ
Զİ׻ͿҲͷһо궦Ŀ¡
벽ླĺ꿴죬ܱɱ⾪ˣɱҾŸֵܣѪ꣬ǣ
ͷ궦޾ڹ⣬·ԵڳֱѹȥԼ˻Ӷڴĵڶ˶飬ԵԡΪλ

Ż궦Ʈֱӱ飬лȴҲ˲Ϣͱˡ
Ӷȭ֯ںڶ



ȭͷ궦ײһ𣬷һ̶Ľռ䡣
ܿ죬ʮȥȭӲ궦ȭͷЩ飬òڶЩ£пɳ
궢죬ӱ䣬⣺궦֧ôãȷǿ󣡡궦ǿƣһۿ۷ǿҲԵֵһ˲ͻᱻѹ÷飬ȴ궦֧ôʱ䡣
죬һø񣬽궦߶ĸǿᡣ
ʱ궦𶯣ڹøŨϢñ֮ǰʮ
µϢĲ
ҲϣٶȽ֮նĪԺ򣡡
һۿ۷徳ǿߵһˣԳɱȥ
ֻת۶ѣԣǿͨ궦һ𣬺ƺƵĳɱ£ѹʮ
ʦ
ԶͿ̲סгʵǼǿʱѹĹЩ£Զ֮ǰЩȡ
䣡
̩ɽ֮쫷ϯƬĿռΪ̮֮Ĵӳѹ¡
ɣ
ǿУΪ׵ĺ궦ƴ߶ֿ˼֡
쿴ˣĮɵڷɳԼ磬Ӷɣ·ص֮ǰѾڣ궦ɱǿӭϡ
Ժ쾧ıԴ־֮׵ϴ֯ŵޱɫĺƿѹһС

һ죬ߵɵ궦ײһֱӴһ죬ǿ궦ķѣ
ͬһʱ䣬ɵһһɰӿļǿķ飬˵


1376 ӡ·
ڵ궦飬ʺѪƮڿУĿġ
߸ǿУֱ⼸Ǳؾ۳ĺŵŵɵĺˡ
ɺ쾧ɵıֻһͻٵһ۷Ĩɱۿռǿߡ
Զ׻ͿɽԵ
ҵĶ
̩ɽ֮λãΪ׵ĺ꾪ŭ۾úˡ
궦ǿĵƣǿ񣬾Ȼôˡ
ֱڴģ
ĸǿ߷Ŀɵϣļ»֣̿ͫ׶ϳɵ⽻ɫ⡣
ǣǡĸ
˵еĺĸ򣬻ǡ쾧ɣ
ȺŨȣӦãӦǡ쾧ɣ
Щ־ֺ
ɵֻ磬ͨӡȻƣ̺֮ʥ֮ӲɣԹų棬ɫɹǳ貣һĥһС
벽ླĺȻҲϳɵ֯ɫĸ϶ʱ¶ŨŨ𾪣ֱΪ̰ವһͳȥù
˵еĺ쾧ɵıǿ̥Σ޽ѱ٣ıֱռ屦ʿʥ
䣡
֣̽ƿصĴ򾡳ҳɵץȥ
ȴ˵еʥۺˣҪ֮ռΪС
ߣһɵʱǣһʮɸߣЯɫɹ⣬֯ɫ绡ֱ˹İ벽ླѹȥ
͵һ˹ĺĴֱӱѹ顣
ɵƲԷѹ£ͬһǿ׹¡
˹ĺʱоһļºͻ֣̿ɿĳȥ
ˡ
ɵٶͻֱײںϡ
ҽУɵײķ飬Ψδֵ롣
ĿŶԷɵŹ⣬һɰԻ֣ǿн֮ɵ˵֮ڡ
ҳȥ
ɵڴ꾪ŭĺХ̼仯ĲҽС

һҽֱӱɵ˸ɾ

磡
ô
ܣôᱻ
ˣŵ˻ˣһ̽ǲȫɫ
ǿˣ벻ླֻһСǿߣȻҲնɱˡ
Ӧ֮ǰѾˣŷǣ߶ٵķָķˣôôǿˣܰ
˷ԸǰһĻ
ǿ죬һ巢̲סŵŵɵĺˣסˡ
ͬһʱ䣬̩ɽԶ׻ͿҲ𺳣ΪĿֲս
벽ླ˾Ȼô׵ıˣĲླ޵˰
׻Բۡ
ͻȻеʦΪʲôһ·Ǳܣ̫̫̬ˣ
Ϳ˿Һ
̩ɽۣ֮쿴ˣٻɵȥ
𡭡
Щ־ˡ
ӣ
ǣסͨ·Ҫ
ڻʲô򣡱Ҫ
˶Ž𣬻ĵ̩⳯ɽȥֱӶݡ
Զ׻͹ɿһĻǾǽ
Ⱥ쵰˵֮ǰôźͲ̣ھȻҲβܣ
ǰһȺ˴뵽ǵ磬ռ̩ɽҲ֪ɱ˶޹֮ˣ̩ɽѪˮȾ죬˷ŭ֣ȴһ޿κΣΪԷ̫ǿˡ
ǿжɽٹֱǿƵɱ̩ɽתۼնʮˣһΪ׵˶ˣǱܣڰ׻ͿУǲľúˬ
ಣಣಣಣ
ƿǳˣһ룬ٶȿ켫
ֻգۼ䣬˱ǳ̩ɽ֮ۡ
ʱ𶯣һεĽ磬ֱӽ˸̩ɽ
̩ɽֱۣ֮ӽ鲻١
ǿռ˵Ľɱô޹֮ˣΪܴ뿪
Į
֮ǰʯ黤ס̩ɽֹ̩ɽΪ֮˵սٻͬʱҲ̩ɽĿռȫˣֻӬҲɲȥ
㣬㡭
ӭ񣬱˽Բж¶ŨŨĿֻš
ˣ˾ڵۿ۷壬˾ڵۿڣԭǳǿ󣬿ɼǵİ벽ླĴ綼նˣֺܲη壿
һ̣ȫɥʧս⡣
Ҫɱǣҡ֪ˣǵǸ롭Źǣ
һ˿ڣɪɪ
ɱô޹ˣһǸ˽᣿ؼûô˵¡
ֱӵһָ
һָ⣬ȴҩеһǴֱͨӽڵ˹ᴩ
۵һĵըһ
ʱ˱øӾ֡
㡭δЩ̫ˣҪǸϾɱ𣿣
һҧ
Ա֮֮ζԴƬϵˣҾζǡ
Ŀ䵭
̧֣ͼڵֱ֣ѹķ飬֮
ƽۿ۷弶ǿ߱ȥ
㣬㡭
˾ֲѣ֪ɱļᶨ̲סŵŵɵĺˣǾ⡣
̧֣ɫӿһֱ۶ֱĶ׼ˡ

ʱһͻȻԲ֮ϴʮ˲̩ɽ֮۵ƺ͵ƽԷ⣬ʱ˺ѿһѷ죬ĹδѷӿԼ䣬ѷƺԻһɵĹ·ͨδ֪
ʱ䣬ط˽Ǳɫ
ǡǣѵǣӡ̩ɽϵͨĹ·
Щ˵ʲô׼ȻĴӡ·𣿣
̩ɽ⣬׻ͿɽԲɵһ
ͨ·ˣˣ
˼ޱȣǿĵۿռʱסķ
춼¶ݣ̩ɽ񷣬ѷӿâ̫Ũˣ֯о𺳡
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյĻŵ˶ˣѷ졣
ǵˣҵȥˣն㣡
˴ɭһٶȿ쵽㣬ֻһգۼͳ̩ɽϳֵѷڣʧ˵ҰС
ǣ򣿣
̩ɽ⣬׻Ϳɱɫ
һ̣ѷ󴫳ǿߵĲҽУ˻
ƺʲôޱȿµ£ҽм޾Ŀ־塣


ҽ̶ֶֻһ˲ʧӰ١
âӿŲϵǵѷ죬вɵ¶ɫ
׻Ϳǲɵһʱ̩ɽԣҲϵ޴ѷ죬۾ĺܴͫʾ
Ǻ棬Ǳӡͨ·ˣƣƺˡ
Ϳľ


1377 Ŀ׹
̩ɽϣۣ֮һ޴ѷ챻ѷӿ
дһϣȻǴ˵еĵ걻ӡ̩ɽͨƿͨ硣
ȻʱȴǶûжֱֱĶѷ֮
ղţۿ۷ǿ߿УǵȲҽ̶̫ˣȻ˼ֲ£ѾС
Ȼ֪˵֪Ǳľǿӡͨ·룿
Ȼǿ죬ʱҲüͷ
ɨϣ˺վֻҰ񣬳жһֻ
ҰûУʱһܿ찲ȥ
ȻѷҰˡ
˶٣⼸ֻҰҲУ󣬽һֻҰһ޶
ȫѷ
ѷ浽ʲô⡭
Ϳһ¡
Ѿֲѷ󵽵ͨ򣬻ͨˡ
춢ѷüͷĺ㲻óȻ롣
ˣ
ͻȻʶУ߲һ߲ʹâֱָѷ졣
ʹʱ䶯ݣʶе߲ʱ춯߲ʹâʶˮƵ̩ɽĴѷ죬̫ϤˣȫǸӦµĽƬģ
ѷ֮󣬾ȻŽƬ
⡭
˸
ԱߣͿȻʱʵʦôˣ
׻Ҳע⵽仯ʱҲ졣
쿴̩ɽ񷣬޴ѷʣʵɻԽ֯ӿסѷĻ棬ĿȫһƬģȻǿҲԿ塣
棬ҽȥһˣѰһȻ󿴿ѷǷпͨ·Уһἰʱ֪ͨǡ
԰׻Ϳ˵
⻰׻ͿɶʱԶݡ
ʦذǺôΣգ
Ϳɵǵĵ
ۿ۷ǿߣе˲ͱˣץļֻҰҲڱеɲǼͲ˵еĿ£ɲԸ⡣
޷һעġ

ʶڵ춯ӦнƬýȥһˡ
ɣǡ
Ϳɻǵǡ
ġ
ֽ̧ס̩ɽʯ黽ԣ֮壬ѷ⡣
ͷ׻Ϳּ˵˼䣬漴ʯ飬ѷڿȥ
ѷɣｻ֯޾ԣǰգ۾ͱû
ڣһƬκζĿģһƬ
ģž˸Զܿ뵽ѷ֮ʮԶ
ͻȻһɰ˷ӿдϢ쫷ڿ쭡
ʱݺһֻоؿڱݺݵһشֱһھѪͷϵ亹£æת̫ľ߶ʯ飬ʹⱾʯϵЩȫ𣬴˿˿Ƶԣ֮εĻС
ͬһʱ䣬ܵɻԴʱɢҰܿˡ
ȥܰһƬȫǰ׹ǡ
ǣ
ɵһ
Ŀİ׹̫ˣѳһСɽһƺɫЩ׹ڴܳ٣ȴ֯ŨϢ·һСƾܸʴһУɭˡ
ƶĿ⣬ǰЩĵط̯ŧѪȻŸոãϸоϤϢǿߺͱеļֻҰ
ˣǼֻҰǱЩϢĺɫʴˣ춯ݣӿһıذ׹ǣ뵽ࣺЩ׹ǣǵǳսʱˣʬ嵹˰׹ǣ
Щ𺳣طô׹ǣعҲϰ
ϰ򰡣ֻһطѣôǳսж٣Ҫ֪ǳսǸŴǣҴ˾ųϵĽ
ȥΪǳս붼ȥ롣
һޱȿֲ֣
ˣ
Ƭռ𶯣ܼİ׹ӿĺɫǳ٣ϡȴŨϢÿһƺɫڶһͷֲ飬˷ѹ£·Լʶһ㣬Ҫûʴط
ݺһȻʯ黤壬ʱ̲ס
İ׹̫ˣǰԶһǿߣЩ׹ǣɢɫʵЩˣླǿ߶׵ĸʴ
ȫת̫ľ߶ͷʯ鴹¸⻤סͬʱɵҲһߡ
ڱȻƷԶԶȲʯ飬ȴɺ쾧ɣԭʼĺĸǳˣܺܺõĵֵסЩ׹Ŀֲ


1378 ·Ѷ
׹ĿɫһƵƮڿУٶϡȴǿµ㡣
ʯɵ壬Щȫ赲⣬ˣȴһּĸо
¡

طн֯ŵϢ̫ˣʹǿĲ
΢΢һǰ׹Ǳ鲼ȷʵһ·ͨδ֪
ˣ
ʶУ𶯣֯һ߲ʹ⣬ʶˮƵǰ
˶٣ųƬİ׹ǣǰȥ
ʶ𶯣ԤʾǰŽƬζҪ֮ȡ
ųƬİ׹ǰУʱʱǵĹͷƬžĿռԵ÷ǳ̶ͬһʱ䣬ɫƮڿУϳѹ¡֯ŷǳ˵ϢͬʱҲ̺żΪµķƿ˺һС
ʯɵ壬ɫ֣ضƬռﻺĳǰƶ
תۣʱȥ߳ȥ˺Զ
ʱʶе𶯵ĸ嶼ڷ⣬߲ⷭӿ
漴һ̣ǰһСɽİ׹𶯣ȫ¶·һƬհ׵ա󣬿հ׵ճһѺۣͬ֩һ㳯ӡ

գһ죬մ飬һ߲Ʈ˳
һ߲ԼȭͷСһ߲̫Ϊҫۡ
ҵˣ
лһĨâ
Ƭȶ˵ǳҪѰһ飬Ԥʾʶе񽣾ӽһȻˡϾܿ·ܹߵһʶеҪãڴս޲
һ޲ȫţ񽣣ն
ǰĽƬ˶ٺ֣еĽƷ˿˿
ǰƬɢ߲ʹâø財
һ̣齣Ƭһ𣬻һ߲磬ֱģĴĽӿڣתûʶ񽣱ԡ
Χ񽣱תһȦͬһֻ߲ɫľ飬һ¾û˽ȥ
ʱһиŨ߲⽻֯
ˣ
߲Χ񽣱ϣͬʱҲһЩܵӿʶڣÿһȥ
ԽƬ
ԴѾǺϤŲæ̫ľתɿӿ߲⣬֮ԼѪ⡣
ʱ䣬ʼгҵĽɫԻӨǿʢ貣˶ȾһԡϵϢʼһƵϱǿͬڵĴҲ֮һƵıøˡ
ˣ
â˿˿ơ
תۣչȥӿڵ߲ⱻȫǶǱøǿΪҲ˲٣ۿվڲȴЩԶ
ϾǵۿվˣҪ󾳽ӳڴﵽڣɲ򵥡
ͣת̫ľɨʶµĽƬѾ񽣱ںһ񽣱ķ˸࣬ÿһ䶼ܸӣɿ
дԼ֮䴦ڰ֮Уڴȫһ졣

񽣱潻֯䣬¸ӣÿѰһ齣ƬУϵЩͻһ֣ˣЩȫһ죬Ӧþ񽣳޲ȫһ죬ʱǿƿ񽣡
ʶɨ񽣣н֯տտâܿƽ
֯Ľâ漴ȥ̧ͷƬռǰȥ
Ŀͨ򣿡
˶٣ǰȥ
򣬴˵ǿ֮ϵĹ磬ޱ׳ǷУ޾Ե֮壬ǿʿڡ
ȴ˵еɽ磬ȻҲ⣬֪·ǷĿͨڡ
ذ׹ǶУԽǰߣܵĺɫøŨϢøӿ£Ȼʯɵ壬Ҳǲɵһɾ޴ѹ
Ҳ㲻ʲôԳܵסһĳŸǰȥ
ˣһۣչȥ
պ󣬿еϢøŨˣµĺˡ
Ҳʱǰû·ˣһƬǣ޷ǰС
⡭
춯ݡ
ĿɵĻǣ·ؿǰĻһ㡣
ת޾ƽ֯̽ɵĻǣȴǱˣƸ޷̽Ƭ֮ڣһɺһп
Ȼ޷̽룬ȴо˼Ϊ˵ɵϢ
ɵϢƬĻǺ󣬾Ǵ˵е򣿡룺Ϊһھϱһǣһռͨӵǣ֮ͨӵǵ̩ɽϵĿռڱӡ޾¹ȥѵϣ޸ˣ


1379 ۿ
Ļǽǰ·ϣԼ³£Ϊĳһϣ޾ºѾ׻ָ·׶ˡ
ڵʲôȻôǿᡣ

ڵڵȷʵЩ⣬Ͼǿǿͬʱᣬҽӵǳ״ϣȫʺУжôˣǾʥ
룬ԹԵҡͷ⣬ΪҲ벻ﵽʲô׷Ѿѡ
ңҪǣûκιϵûȥıҪ
򡣡
ǰĻʱûȥΪǵȻ̫֯ں嫣۷ǿҲԲƿ
㣬Ƭʮתʱ·ط
ռڵĽƬѾȡ·Ȼ£ҲѾ֪ûбҪռˡ
ʯɵ壬ڳƬİ׹ϣܿ߳ռӽʱѷ촦³̩ɽ֮ϡ
ʦ
ͿɺͰ׻һֱ̩ɽʱпʱӭȥ
ʦôû°ɣ
´ʵ
û¡
ҡͷ
ͿɺͰ׻ȷû£ҾƺøǿЩǷ
ʵΣ˵ǷΪ棿
׻ʵɨ̩ɽ˵ѷ졣
ôʣͿҲǶ죬ȻҲѷľ⡣
Ͼ˵Уѷ֮һͨĹ·
˵٣Ǻȷʵͨ·Ѿˡ

ûѷ֮򵥵ĺͰ׻ԼͿ˵˽һ顣
ȻڽƬһ㣬ûᡣ
Ȼһͨ·
׻
ϧѾϣʧȥ塣
Ϳɵ
Ļ˼ǾȣЩʧϾڵ֪ǰȷʵһͨ·ֵ֪·Ѿѣ޷ߵյ㣬ٻЩź
ǣѷ죬ô죿
׻ŲϵĴѷ
·ӡ

ֽ̧ӡӡתͼͬʱǿձԴɵĺĸֲһ֯һ𣬽񷶥˵ѷ츲ǡ
֮תۼѣѷʧͼҲʧջָԭ
һ·ôûˡ
׻п
ʧҲûʲôԺ޷򡣡
˵
һվ̩ɽϣŴѷʧĵطȾѪ̩ɽ
طʮʿɱ̫ˡ
С֪̺꣬ͨ;ӷ棬̩ɽָԺһпվɡ
˵
ͥٵǣƾųǿĵ̣ѾΪƬĵһУнպգͨҲż;ϵ
֪ʦ
Ϳɵ
ͷð׻Ϳһȥ£Լ̩ɽȥͽС
ʦȥģͥ𣿡
Ϳʵ
ҡͷ洦ȥߣʱͥ
ͿĿ̩ɽԶֱʧҰк󣬲к׻뿪̩ɽȥ֪̺;ӷѾն¡
ˣԽʦ̩ɽնɱʮ˵Ļ棬ʶӻһЩ豸ڣƳƵһֵĴ
Ϳ
ʱʿȴҲִӹ죬ڿƼȷȻİִܾͨ
עǳУϾƬ磬˶Ϊ̩ɽµǻ֣̿ʱ֪Ϊ֮ͥСն˽̩ɽУͥھԻᷢһʽ
׻
ʱƷȴѾȥʱĿƼ緽棬ȻѾ˲١

Ϳ˫۱øˡ
Ͱ׻ٶȼӿ죬һαԶ

뿪̩ɽͽУٶȴ˿úؽ¡
û֪ͨɾˣغ󣬶ɽڣɽϡ
̩ɽϷֺ
ɽһǳƫƧĵطգ׽ɽһ˿ϣǳˣɽ֮档
ûеǳսɽǺε䣿ƬָǺε׳ڵ֮

ڴˣ΢˫ۣ׽ϣ̫ľ֪ת޾ǿձԴཻڣʹѪͽǽΪ֮𶯣ʶҲòٰҡҷ⡣
ˣһ۰¹ȥ
ºһ죬˫ۣԲǿձԴʧɽһ˿ѪУȰǰԵÿ˼֣ǣ򶼱øǿһ˿ΪҲ˲١
н֯â˶ٺվɨɽֱȥ
ޡɡ®ɽɽ
뿪غ󣬳ȥ
ǳųӵǣɽڵǸǷǳ˵һһȥдϡ
ͨЩϣȥܺƬ磬һ黳һУΪЩϣΪҲд
úδ֪ͨɵƽ̣һǳεĵط׽ϣĬĬµʱ䣬漴뿪
֮ޣɣ®ɽɽɽüɽÿط֮ͣã׽ֲͬĹɽϣʹǿձԴӿѪͽǲǿΪһ·
ɽʱͿɽ̩ɽնɱʮ˵ĻʶӡһЩ豸ڣƵŵִϣʱڣͥڵǣֱӳԽ͢ÿն˿ںɵ֮ۡƬӿ򴫵ʥɵС
ЩӿĽɵڵ֮ݳԾ֪ܿͿŵһУɵ΢΢һЦ
Сꡣ
Ц
һɽڣɽϣͬʱҲӿ
漴ã߳ɽĵطһɽɵڸطͣã׽һһڵɽɵϡ
ˣһȥ
䣡
һ죬̫ƽ³һɺܣǳζ¡
һ̣̫ƽײͨ彻֯âϹһ㡣
ۿڡ
ʱ䣬һ߱ƬбȽϳĵ򣬲׽һɽɵϣɵڵ֮һͻƣﵽۿڣøǿøӻʶøս˼ࡣ
վ̫ƽϣƬ磬дһƵʹԡ
뿪ˡ



1380 ܹ
صѾȥӽ߸ͷǳڵĽƬȫȡǳ֧ͥУںѾûжˡ
Ϊǳڵش̫ϡˣ֧УȻ֮ҲСҪȥӹ͸Ӻ嫵
ȻΪҪǣ̩ɽʱһǿ֪ĳЩ£ǿеһŽǡǳڣܴŽƬҪȥһˡ
վ̫ƽϣ˶٣ͥķͽ˺һѷ죬ֱУɲǼʧԭء
һ̣Ӱͥɵ۵ڡ
С꣬գɵ۵

ͿɡպͰ׻֮ͥУͬһʱǶݡ
ʦˣ
Ϳ¶ϲɫųգֱӳɵ۵
ʱ꣬Ѿﵽ˴ڶ죬ٶȿνǷǳˡ
ͬʱЩ꣬ԳȻҲǺչˣһ;ϸָʹʺͨĳգҲﵽͨɵ죬ͨɵڰѾԶˡ
׻ﵽ죬ʱͿɺͳһǰɵ۵
ܿ죬ɵ۵ڡ
ӴСӣ겻ǿˡ
׻죬Щ죬оϢǰӾˡ
С
Ц
ˣûίֱ棬Լ뿪Ƭ硣
Խһ붯ݡ
ʦ桭Ҫ𣿡
Ϳɲᡣ
ͷЦŵƬ磬Ѿ֧ˡ⣬ҪǿѰһǳҪ
˵ţ⽻֯Ľɫ⣬ɵǣĸⷽɵ۵ڿӡһصơ
δƬ֮ͥһֻۼɵ۵ڣǿط֮
˵
ִʯȡһЩ䣬Ϊ׳ǵǿԴıݣܹǧϵҩָͿˡ
С꣬뿪ͥơ
Ϳɵ
ʦģһŬͥøǿ۸ں
Ϳ
ͷ׻ͳգգǴЭСͥ
ġ

׻ͳսͷ
Ϳɿ죬ʵʦԺ󣬻𣿡
ԴЦģϾɰĵӻƬ硣
ͿɶʱиĹǣһŬɱøǿˣʦδɾȥǿ׷ѰʦĽŲ
쿴Цŵͷ
á

жһ¡
һ죬Ϳɡ׻ͳһЩ£𣬳ǿա
ʦټ
ͿɳŲϻ֡
ܹͿɵһЦٶȸ죬תۼ䴩ŵĴ㣬Ƭ硣
ӵǡ
ǿУǿ۵һâԶȥ
ǿԵޱ䣬â֯ö
ǿշУһ̶ķȥ
ǰһǿߵʶе֪ˡܹǡϵɹڿܴŽƬҳܹǵǿ꣬ʱǰܹǡ
ٶȷǳ죬һɫ磬ãŽһŴ˦
ϾǿУÿһǳֱɶǷǳ
ڵٶȣʼղͣļٷУҪﵽǿǣҲúķʱ䣬żϢƵûꡣ

ǿ嫣ǿšܹǡǾӹ֮һƬУλÿ޾ңԶľ룬ȻۿռΪٶȣҪƬӹﵽǿܴǣҲúķѼõʱ䡣
⽻֯âԴ˵ҲǺ⣬ΪԶԣʱ߶ȵǿʵãͨ˵죬ʵûж
Լǿգһܴ߳ǶȥһǿձԴС
ˣ
ǣǿձԴƬǿձԴ֣ʹȥһǿеɫһ㣬ѪͽǵȶΪǿǿ
ˣʱţǿգʱܿȥ
һ죬ӹ򣬽뵽һƬһɫǰ
ȥɫǳʵ̫޴ˣȸǳԣǰǾɽɳȫûпɱԣĵԣǸǲ֪޴˶ٱ֯һɺƥϢֻǿžĲ
ܹǣˣ
ɫǣн֯һ貹


ʮ ݺǿ


1381 ɹ
ܹǣλλãƬڵĵλޱȳȻͬĵųӵһ㣬Ƭĵۻǡ
վǿУǰĴǣòϣŴǣ̫Ƿˡ
ȷʵܲһ㡣

ܹǺǿУǳƣۻһ㡣
˶٣ֱǳڲȥ
䣡
ܹ⽻֯ɫ쳣ǿᣬУĻɫĦܿҵĻ
֮ʮȥŹǱɫǳڲ
ƮڿУվŴǵĲϣ紵Եúº͡
·ȥһƬĴ縡УҲ֪ʮĵھ˶ٱУΡĸɽһһļĴһһеŨľˣʮĵʮ컹Ҫǿʢʮ
ĵǣ
н֯â
Ƭ磬ǳʺǿʺԴ֮һ
ڲ϶˶٣һŵ潵䡣
ܿ죬ȵʵʵĵرϣֻоеŨ˼֡
ŲٴɽɽڣһſֲĺïʢϢֲ࣬ǳ
һθпܹǣĺܾˡ
ȥɹȡ

ǰڵϵ̩ɽʱ֪ܹڵɹʱʱ߲ɫ⣬²ǿǽƬɢԲŴӵǡ
ԣʱٵڣȻҪֱӳɹȶȥ
ǸǿѾ֪ɹλƬľλãʱûԥֱڿն𣬻һɫطĶϷͬʱ˺նУڰʱһɽǰ
˵ɽȣʵУΪ̫ˣɽ빹ɣֲϡ裬֯ŵĺɫͬһɽ
վɽ⳯ȥĸоһ⡣
ɹȣƺЩ¡
а
Ϊڵۿڣƿ޳ۣɽƵȵĿǳóһ۾ͿⷽɹȵĲһ㣬һɽڵرϣƷǳ⣬ʵȴγһڳµɱ󣬽ʮڵĵɱȫ۵ɽ֮ڣʹﻯһɱ硣
ڵΪߵ𡣡
һ˿ȷ
̫ˣ
վԭؿǰۿãҧȴһ
￴ʲôӰһһƫƧɹȵķΧ
ʼһ̤ⷽɽȵķΧʱоһͬһڤ㡣
ͬʱⷽɽȵһɲǣʶײ߲΢΢һ𣬶ʱһ߲ɫâлƶʶͬˮһ㵴
䷽ֱָⷽɹ
ʹʱһ˫ĿֱӸֳտտâ
ȻнƬ
ȭ
߲񽣵ַӦʵ̫ϤˣǸӦµĽƬϢ
ⷽɽһ˶ٺ󣬼ǰȥ
߲ȷӦȷⷽɹȷʵŽƬĴڣǶ

ɹڴģһƵĺɫ
ڵЩʪٶȲ죬ȻΪȷⷽŽƬĴڶЩˣȴԵúܽϾⷽɹȿɲͨط
гʪĵϣƽȥܿ߹ɾ롣
ʱеĺɫøŨˣ𶯣һͷĹԵصðͨ彻Ϣֱӳһգ۱˵Ľǰ
֣һڶԷϣһʵʰĽ졣
⡭
ݡ
Ǵڵۿڣֻ壬֮֮ླǿ߶ɴ˿һ£ȴȻû˵ֻһһʵԾ
˻ٴ
һβ飬콣еһ򳬼ͨնͷߡ
וּһ̶˲ڹϣһ֮ķѡ
Կͨĵۿ۷ǿˡ

۹ߵĲʬ˶٣Ÿȥܿ߹˰ɾ롣
ϣɫŨˣԵɭ䡣
ԶһɽϣӰվһ𣬱ɫƣһҲ·ԹžվǸطһ˵ĸоʹ쵱ֹסŲ
ǣ
ۿǰ͸ɫǼӰʱɫ


1382 ۿ
۽֯Ũƹ⣬͸ڵŨ쿴ɽϵļӰնϵķηǳϣû˿ȫˡ
ⲢҪģҪǣɢŵϢ̫ˣмһ˿΢ɵϢ̩ɽռڸӦɵϢǳƣɼǿߵƺһС
Щˡǰɼϵǿߣ
ľ
ɹڿʪɫƮڿУǰɽϣӰ⽻Ϣڷ΢΢ڶͬԺʱһֱվɽɽһ㡣
ͻȻһӰƫͷΪһɿݵߣľն졣
ʱһӭŶԷնľӿһɺ̼ӽŵֱͷ­·Ǳһոס˰㣬ͷ˲亹
һ̣˿ͣھصǲʩչޣˡ
ɽϣɿĿԶȥ˫ĿɿնһҲû׷
ɿĺˣֱ˵ɿߵĵطȷԷû׷ͣ½ŲڵĴϢٶȱƽؼ¿
ڵĴʮ£ֱȥʮƽЩ
ղţǸɿʵ̫ˣֻƫͷоҪѿ˰㡣
ͬĴڣǸطźüĴ˸
ֻ壬Ҳٵôﵽ۷ɹ
ɹЩģȴûа취ʱ򲻵òϣʵûпܴɹȥʱ򣬱ߡ
ΪǿĻ֣Ψһѡ
ʱѾ˵ɹȱԵ˶ٺˣ˳ⷽɹȡ
ȥɹռطΧĺܴںɫƣڤһ㡣
ƬʺΪﵽ۷ｫƬȡߡ

վɹΧɹۣתԶȥ
ģ뿪ɹȺԶ߽һɽС
ɽڹľ඼ܲԾޱŨңҲ֪˶ꡣ
𣡡
޺һͷԳ˳ͷһǣʮң֯ŵϢǿˣʼһֱǳ˹Ȼǽ쵱
Գ
춯ݡ
ԳǺ֣Ѫǳǿǿᣬͼ¼ļأݳƷǳϡ٣뾹һͷ
ԳߴһСɽ㳯һѺֻۣһ˲˵ǰˮ׼Գצץȥ
צӷ쳣񽣣ֱӸա
쵹Ҳ⣬򵥵̧ӭϣһԳɨԶһײʮľͣ쳣ѵվ𣬿˿־壬Ӵȡɵ΢΢
ȻΪﵽΣѾǻֻۣƾ򵥵һƣоĿ£ΪΣԲĶ֡
Ժ󣬲Ҫˡ
ɨһۣ־΢΢Ҳɱ֣Զȥ
ԳΪǿǻۺܸߣŹģĹл
챳ԳԶߣȴҲ֪ԳʲôɵõһЦŲƽ
ɽڣŹȥһʱ󣬴ɽһ߳һ
ܿʿ࣬Ѫܻ񣬶ڳͬһȥ
ǸϢɿĹĴõۿ۷κ󶼿һС̨Ϊĵۿ񵤣ңǿĲླ걦У
Ȼɿ˵ʮǰһǿߵĹΪһɢޣųƲΪǿᣬ㾳޵Уҵõ벿ҩʥ䣬ڵһ;Ҳмߵ裬ټĵͬʱҶȡ˼ɾ͵ˣ
⡭
Զ໥ǳϤʿһԶȥСš
˵ѹúܵͣǣϵɻˡ
ۿ񵤣ۿ۷徳£κһС̨׵Ϊ
еһĨǰǼʿȥķȥ
ȥ
ʿеݣһУֵĲླ걦ô⣬ϾϿʯ顣ģõۿ۷κһС̨Ϊĵۿ񵤡
ΪʱеҪΪȡմﵽ۷壬ȥɹȡĽƬ
ͬʱΪںǿѰʮǿŴǵλãǿŴڣźܶ˺ͺѣѰȻȥ
£⼸󣬳ǻеǸླǿߵĴĹȥ


1383 ҩӡ
ڼʿ棬ٶȲԼʱһԭϡ
ԭռСϡĿݻӲݣرвٺɫĴʯʱѾȺۼط˵Ŀⶼͬһϡ
һӣԿһʯţϱ鲼ĵơ
ླĵơ
ԶԶĿʯϵĵƣлһĨ΢⡣
ʯЩ鷳ĵȻƾõ£ѾʧĲˣƽ쳣ѡ
Ͼǲླǿ߿ӡ
ླ۷ǿߵĹǺټ治֪ж챦
ۣĿⶼֱֱĶǵʯš
䣡
ԶǿӿһӰ֯ԣԵúǿ
ҹʥӣ
ʿ붯ݡ
ź絶ͬһʵĺ
˵Ѿﵽ˰벽ۻʾʵܿ£
˵
ͻȻϷλãغ¡¡𶯣һȺޱڶһ޳ӿʿɫɷףǰһͷޣͷվһԿΰӣŰ߸첲һҰԵĸо޵
ɽׯӣݴѾǽޱ޵һľ磬ΪƺҲﵽ˰벽ۻʲΣΪΪԼսͬѷ꿹֡
һЩʿĲ
ͬһʱ䣬ԭ⣬ͬķȺֳߵӰ⽻֯ǿѪŵĵӿÿ˶ڰ벽ۻʾΡ
ѪڣԪɵŽţħţñţᰵڣ⼸̵ʥӣȻҲˣ
ʿľ
ŸսٵŹǣڵǸǿʶйɹȵʱҲһѰ˹ܹϵн֣ԶЩʿеһڣҲǲ̫İ
ܵ˵Źǵн·ΪΣһηֱΪ̡ĹԼɵ㶦ƬĽ⣬ڵǿ߽Ǿ㾳Σ쳣¡
ǵڶεĴֱܹΪϻš̩ɸǬںţǿ߾ڲ۷塣
ȻǰʵɽׯѪڡԪɵŽšħšñźᰵŸڵǿ߾ڰ벽ླ磬ΪܹϵĵεĴ
ԳưʵȾŸʥӶҪû뵽ǲ١
Ͼһླ۷ǿߵĹвõۿ۷κһС̨Ϊĵۿ񵤣вླĻ걦ջȻܴŸʥӸǺ

˵ϻš̩ɸǬںУƺҲдҪϵ
ʲô£ȷ
ܿ϶Էǳ󣡡
ʿ۵
ɨ۰ʵɽׯѪڡԪɵŽšħšñźᰵڵȾŴʥӣĿڲԶĴĹʯϡͬлǲ㲻ʲô
ϾѾ˵ۿվڣ⼸ǿҲУȻͬĺͯһ㡣
ĹʯŴرķʽʯţҿĳѾ˺ܾá
һ̣һ촫ʯϳһѺۣѺɢӡ
һ̣ʯű飬ķѣ¶һںĵͨ
ˣ
˼
鿪ʯŵļʿٶȺܿ죬㣬գ۱ͨڡ
һ˲䣬ͨļʿǷĲҽͬʱʯźͨﴫ·ǧڱڣ֮ľ
ǣ
ʲʲôô£ղųȥǼˣʲô
СʲôҪˣ
ԭϣһʿݡ
䣡
ҵĺͨڴǺХڷһ㣬
漴һ̣ʯźͨһƬͬ޾Ƴգֻһ˲㽫طĲ񷶼Ⱦһɫ
ͬʱͨ󴫳ĺŨԼеײС
аҪ
ˣ
ˣǲླǿߵĹ϶вٿµ
ʿݡ
һ̣¡һ죬ؾҡһʯźͨг˳Ѫⸯãɱ졣
Ƿ·ԵɱǲڵͫѪˣĽìɭ
Щ
˵
ȷʵҲֻͨѣ㲻ʲô

ǡ
طʿʵһȻܻη壬ͬʱ֣ͨʹ󽣷գתۼǽɱƬ
һ̣˲ҽУһͷɿʬ˺飬Ѫˮա
ƫͷȥĿǸɿʬϣֶԷһĹʥһȺͨһ˳

һطҽУһǿ߱һаץסӲҧϺǽֱ뵽˸С
йʥаУ
˾С
ܿ죬ҽһ𣬳ȺкȻʮͷʥаתۼ˺ǿߣһʿɫ䡣
ʥɲһʿԵֵˡ
䣡
ϯƬռ䣬תۼ䣬ԴĹڳͬһɲҪݻһУ˲ɵõ
ҪǣŲʥ

ҽ𣬲ʿѣƬƬѪ
ЩʿԭԸͨѣȺȴǲͨΪʮĹʥһĵˡ
ˣˣ
һЩʿС
󲿷ʿʼˣԴĹڳ٣ؼǣʮĹʥǳ£һȥ濹⣬ֻ·һ
ߣ
һЩ̹ǡ
ҹʥӿгƬâԻ۵ǧ飬ͬеļͷʥҲһķѣһ뵽Ĺ֮ڡ

ɽׯʥĿҰ޻Ӱ֣һǰͷʥ˺飬ͬʱĳƬƬը̰ҹʥ֮ĹС
ͬһʱ䣬ѪڡԪɵŽšħšñźᰵڵߴ̵ʥնƬһͷͷʥȺĹڡ
áǿ
ʿ𺳡
ʥа񶼱ˣ
ơƺ
ȺСȥ
һЩʿе
վԶƽʱҲˣڵһһӰתۼʯŴ˳ʯźͨĹڡ
ͨȴԼң߶ȴԼңߵıǽϿģŽƣҲŵӡ
Щƺ͵ӡĿǳƬĵӡϣһʱ䶯ݡ
ǡҩеĵӡ
¶ɫ


1384 ҩƪ
ʯźĹѨͨܿǽϿӡལƵӡԴһӲɣϢҲ֪˶ôƾõ£ٵԡʮꡱΪλ
ĿЩӡϣʱɵ˸ΪЩӡ
ʵǣЩӡ̫ϤˣΪҩ䡷йܸصһֵӡžϵĶ
⡭
֮ǰļʿۣĹҵõ벿ҩʥ䣬ڵһ;ȡ˺ܸߵ裬ʱ򿴵ЩӡɵöݣĹˣõҩʥ䣬ҩܸٵһ֣
ҩʮܹ߳ǣĳЩطһЩȱеͳĹżȻãǣĹˣǿطõҩܸٵһ֣̤֮ϵĵ
ɡ
ʮоŴŽΪǾµĹž𼶱𣬿ǿܹǵĹУһһεĲȹȴÿһζµĸ򣬶󽥽֣ԼǸ֪һͿǾµĹžޱԶ𼶣
ҩΪʮŴ֮һµġҩ䡷Ȼصĵܶ࣬ĵйһЩͨȴޱ죬ǡҩ䡷ܸһ֣Ǿеľǵһ;ɵ䡣
񣬽ܹǣĹҩ䡷ܸвеĵӡȻǵһʱ䶯ݣҲû뵽ҩܸеݡ
Щҩ䵤ӡַ֣ЩӡǱĹ״˿ӡĹ֮ϣЩҲһɢҵģ㱻˿Ҳ޷õзš
ಣ
ƿյ𣬴Ĺ⣬նƬʱĹڳ˹
ԭض˶٣ɨĹϵҩ䵤ӡͣĹĹȥ
ٶȲ죬ȴҲת۾߳˺ԶеҲŨЩ¶ȱøЩ

̶˻һֻëĹצǰĺڰ̽˳ָīɫпӰ㳤ͬɫɱ㣬ĺץȥϵնŤƺһ̾Ҫ顣
첻ܣŲδͣ£ֱǰУĽɫ𶯣ˮư㵴
ۣ
צֱӱ飬һƬѪڵر
һĲҽУһ˫ѪͫܵĿ־壬Զݡ
ȻſһͲĽɫ⵴γɵڱצſһĹ֮ϡ
ֱֻӱ飬ԭը
Դû˿ĹǰȺͷȫȻ֯ŵϢķ顣
ǰĹۣúʮÿһڶ֯
ƽѡеһĹȥ
УһһеۻʼĹʬȴ㲻ʲôԱն
תۼ䣬ĹڣʱȥÿЩĲҽǰһһ
ǰУֹȥʮǰһǳʯң֮ǰֵʮԻȥʱʯȺڷɱеһʿУһɫۼ׵аʬں壬ڹɱŵʿҲܱߵԵޱ׿
𼶵Ĺ
쿴ͷаʬԶݣ룬Ĺﾹȼа
Դ˵Ҳ⣬ϾΪа㲻ʲô

ǰҽһһһʿѡ
ҹɽׯȴʥӽǾУȻڰ벽ۻʾʱͷаʬȴҲԸֻǿסԼ
һȺûõĶֻСԸˡ
һ
ʯҵһϣһʮҵ꿴ʯڵһʿдһӣԵЩ
վһߣۣЩ壬ϵϢȴԨƺ
벽ࡣ
ɨˣһ۱ǿ˵Ϊֻ벽ܴﵽླ
ʯڣһʿͷаʬĹɱ⻰ǷǳŭɵģʱϵŭֶѸʧȥ¶ɵɫȻǰҹɽׯȾŴ󶥼ʥҲ⡣
̩̫ϳϵ䳽
С


1385 񵤻걦Ե
̩ΪܹǵڶεĴǿߵ̫ϳϾڲླ۷壬۰䳽ȻΪн֪ʱ˿ܼɵ
ɨ䳽Ļߣ⣬ʯңʯһʯȥʯźȻͨĹ޵·Ͽӡƣ֯ŷǳǿһʿƿҲþ߱׼ۼΪС
ʯ࣬ŨʿҲһЩʿֱӶݣͨʯҵЩȥеˣΪطһ㣬ǳ£ͷɫۼ׵аʬпǿߵսǹֱ֣ͷɱ¾
ʯУŲѪˮԴ˲⣬
ʱವһɫ׵аʬ˹ͫˣɭɭצץ죬½ž˵Ϣǵɡ
Ų䣬鲻䣬ֳһơ
һаʬɣײڲԶһĹǽϣҲû
ʱ䣬ʯڣһʿɵñɫ
ͷµаʬİ벽ۻʼǿ߶Ϊֻǿ㣬ȴȻһƾ͸˳ȥ
ﵹҲȫûõķҲиˡ䳽ڣĿϣ̩ȣ㲻ʲô
ɨһۣûдԷû˿ı䣬ܿʯʯǰн֯һƽâתۼ佫ʯϵĵƸĨ
Щԭǲ༶𣬷ǳǿᣬڹȥޱƾõºϵȴѾɢĲˣΪȻ׾ٵĽ֮顣
̧ƿʯţʯźʱХһ㣬гȺʱͬ㣬ѹ˹
Ȼ濴ȥЩ£·Ĵűƿ㣬˲һ
ıȴ糣ӭӿǰһʱеĽɫ·޼᲻ݵĻˣͬеˣͬǺһڻ˰㡣
ֳ̧ͷֲаʬ֮ǰѾҲ򲻿ʯţңֻһͽǳƬ
ǿǿ󣡡
˭ȥôᣬʵȴǡ
ſֲаʬɳȥٶطһʿѹһϵо˱֣˲ɵþȳ𺳡
ȻǰҹɽׯȾŸǿӺʥҲ⣬һ̶˸Ϊ֮ľ
ûЩ˵ķӦûκθı䣬ŴĹȥ
ߣ
Ҳϣ
죡
ʿеһЩͨ򿪵ʯҲĹ
Ҳȥˣ̫Σˡ
Ҳȥˡ
ҵǲܵõʲôˡ
һЩʿŴĹдź֮ɫʱȴ֮ģʼʱ·ĹȥʵΪĹ̫գǵļǰУпֱܻӶ
Ȼ󲿷ʿĹȥΪĹɲһ㣬Ϊһ༶ǿߵĹﱦض࣬Щ벫һϣܵõЩ䱦
۷걦ۿ񵤣ڱС
䳽ɫȻкĻߣҲĹλȥ

ĹڣǰԽǰУĹڵǱԽŨǿɱȴǱ򵥵Ĩ
һʿ֮ȫһصк˽Ե
⡭˭
Щļ¡
ླǿߵĴĹȻ࣬ȴҲռңԽǵԽգǸ֮ȴǽԷƽ˾еĿа߹ȫɾˣʵЩʿ𺳣ݡ
ǰܿǰʱȥĹߵͷǰһʯңƽֱɢҵڵϣɢĹ
⣬Щǡ
ʥС׼챦
ǡǧҩ
뱦񣬶챦ģ
⣬⡭
ĹңûģһĹң
ߵһʿݣƽʯĿҩͶͱģӦоУЩʿķ
ǡ
ʿʯһǵһƿ岻ɵ÷
ƿϿӡ׭塭ۿա
ۿ񵤣
˳˵Ŀ⣬һʿһ
ȻҲǿƿеһʱ仮һĨâ񵤣
ٶȼ죬һ˹ȥֱӻ֣ƿȡУǿһɨװöɫ裬ĴָǴС֯һɺ嫵ǿձԴһзǳ˵ĵ򲨶
ӦûˣΪһö󣬾ԿԿۿ۷塣

ҩ䣬һǿҩʦȻܿóеıĲ
һĻʿǶݣõۿ۷κһС̨Ϊĵۿ񵤣ֵȻôȡˡ
ЩʿܿͻعĿⶢסʯڵһڱӵ룬ֶͬʱչʯڵһЩҩȡ
ȡۿ񵤣ʱûЩ׼챦ҲûʲôκεƶĿ⣬ʯһʯϡ
ڹ餣ʿһ㣬ʵȴǺܲԡǧʯɣʯ쳣Ѱҷǳ̣ȻǿҲѽ֮
ӦþĹˡ
ʯȥ
Ĺڲеۿ񵤣Ҳ۷걦ʯѰ˵ۿ񵤣ȴǲûзֻ걦ĴڣڱӦǱ÷ʯڡ
ȱԲʲôϾѾʯ飬в걦ɵˣȴҲվǿĻ걦ֵܲƣԼòţȴռصʮ󽻸Ϧͼˡ
һת۱ǿʯǰһ𣬽׸Ǹƿ
ڣһ߸ɿʬУؿڴһܼ̽֯ƣŹ׸ǱƿͻȻжԼʶ㣬ն졣
וּһ̶ĽʯڵһʿԲɵһ
ǣꡭ걦
ڶ̽ʿ¶ݡ
ͬһʱ䣬̩䳽ߴʱߵǡÿʯгĶ̽ж貵Ĺ
ﬣ
̽ʱնǰƺܾˡ
ƽ̽ƺǿɶȴǹ˿в
̧֣ɫӿڶ֣̽ܿʹڶ̽ƽ
Բ٣Ĺڹ۷弶Ļ걦Թһˡһ䳽ʯңߵǰֵù


1386 ͽն
䳽콻걦̽·Լūһ㡣
⡭
ʯڣһʿһĻǲɵöݣ̩䳽Ȼ콻ѾȡĻ걦̽һָ߸ϵ̬ȫǿҪ
ɨ˶Էһۣκδ̽𣬳ʯ߽һ
걦͵ۿѾõ뿴һĹǷź͡ҩ䡷йصĶΪĹڿҩܸڲеⵤӡԴ˺⡣
ʯڣһ߸ɿݵʬȻȴǲû䣬Թ۲£沢ûʲô롶ҩ䡷йصĶ
ҡҡͷȴǲô⣬Ͼƿҩ䣬ûڹҵ͡ҩ䡷йصĶûκӰ죬㲻ʲô¡
ɫâӿ׸ºϣʯȥ
ҪĿȡۿ񵤣Ѿ֣һ걦ҲȡˣûıҪ׼ѰطͻƵۿ۷塣
վסٸղź˵Ļû𣡡䳽һǰɫԵЩ꽣ʱ죬Щ콻꽣쾹Ȼȫʹһɱ⡣
쿴Էһۣ߹ʯȥ
Ǹ䳽ȫˡ
ʯڣ˶ݣ䳽ͺᣬΪֻʶǿ󣬿ȴܾˣΪ̩һǿߵн˲֮ɵη壬ȴ˿ҲԷνԷӣһʿǾȡ
䳽ɫʱø䣬쾹̬ȶоܵ衣


৵һߵĻһǰסȥ·
꽣ն
䳽ɭ䣬Ȼ˵⻹Ǵδй¡
⡭
ŭǸ䳽¡
ˡ
ʯڣһ˵Ŀϣҡͷ
䳽ˣ̩һϼǿߣڰ벽ླ磬Ȼǿ󣬵ǣôǰ벽ླǿߵĶ֣⡭
˿죬̲ס̾Ϣ
סȥ·Щ䣬һƬĮ꽣ȻԲá죬ȻǲûнУϾǴڰ벽ླ硣
쿴ǰĻߣû˿仯ƽÿ
һ벽ླĳǿߣȻȻôһ̬ȣ
һʿȡ
Ŀ⵭ĮӵĮᣬѡķʽǶٻһЩϧȴ֪ϧ˵ţ̧ץ졣
Ϊܽ˵Ĵֻ̽һ˲ѹͷ
ˡ
̾Ϣ
һ̣Щɫ
̧֣һѾץס˻ߵ󣬶̧ȣһڶԷؿڡ
һߵɣں󷽵һĹϡ
⡭ǣ
ʯڣһʿɫǸ߿ǰ벽ླǿ߰ȴȻһžͱ߷ˣʹЩ˸ļ£ֹסĵ
⣬ˣơƺԶеҪǿ󰡣
һЩʿ¡
䳽Ҳ¶ݣһֱ̣ɭŻߺɳȥķĵīϣԵʱҪ̫⣬ٶն꽣ȡīԷǿ̩Ҳʮǿߣøղŵǻ̫кʹ⣬ԲǱһɡ
ԭѾĹȥ̫䳽ͻߣʱ䳽ĻȴͣһΣս䳽ץ˹
ɱߣ˺ɱ֮û仰
ץŶԷ죬Į
䳽һ㱻йȥӭĵĮɵöһ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ԶվһĻʱݣ벽༶ܵһʱӿǿЩˣͺȵſү
䳽ץסԭһ˿η壬ʱҲ˲ʧˡ
ûУſ𣬲Ҫйصˣ
ɭĿ졣
񵱼һ䣬䳽һɺ⽻֯
вңߵв
飬ŨĹɵûζ£е¶Լʽͣתʮȣ˶ɵúݺһ
Ȼ̩Ǹ벽ླĻ߶ɫΪɢȺֻоɵññһЩ
䳽ˣӭıĿ⣬ɢһƿֲɱ⣬ϵʧˣ¶һ˿־壺ү
ۣ
ץ䳽죬һ϶ԷĻֱӽ֮ķ顣
Ѫ׷ƮڿС
ʱ䣬ط˽ɫ䡣
ɱɱǸ䳽⣬⡭
˲ɵ÷䳽ǿ̩һǿ̫ϳΨһƽռ䣬̩̫ϳ϶֮ĺܣǲһ벽ླǿ߻߱ĿȴȻֱն䳽
⡭ִ˰
˶¡
̩̫ϳϿǴڲླ۷壬Ψһ䳽ޱȳ磬䳽նүүοưոݣ

ŭɱ죬һǳ˹ȥڷڡ
̩̫ϳϽ䳽߱䳽䳽ȴǰնɱҲֲô̩̫ϳ֪º󣬾ԻǨŭ
ֻһ˲䣬˿絽ǰֱӾһͨҪѹ顣
ˣ
һž޴ĥԻַ֮·ǳ
ǰ䵭һƳֱӽⷽĥ̸ĵķ顣
ʮ꣬ʶΪѣиǿĳĿˣݶΪ¶ԼˣҲһˣһŻߣ㣬ҲʲôöĹһȥ
֣ΪȭȭӶݻһҵʥ
ֲȭš
۵һ߱޿ɱܣֱӱһȭķ飬걻еС
㣬㡭
ֱӿ־ˡ
ץŶԷ֣꣬һֱӽ˵
ˣ
⣬ôܣ
ǿǡһ벽ླǿ߰ȻȻô򵥾͸
һʿ𺧡
ȻǽطİҹɽׯȴʥӣľΪܼͣʱȴҲǲһеͫʽǲɵþ
̧־նһ벽ླǿߣǺεȿֲս
鵭Įն䳽ͻߣ³ʯȥ
תۼѣʯңʱ·߳Ĺ
ҸƧĵطۿ



1387 ۿ۷
ܹǷǳ߳ĹɨܣѭһǰС
ú뿪˴ĹڵķΧԶһƫƧɽѰһɽ
ˡ
߽ɽϾķƣȡһöۿ񵤡
ۿ񵤳ɫ֯ž˵ǿձԴʹ򲨶кܻҩǷǳŨңֻζ͸оë׶չ
ת̫ľԼȥʮ󣬼ľﵽһ۷״̬
ۿ¡
ڼһůڡ
ʱǿձԴɢڵĸ䡣
Ѫ⡢ȽԷɿ
ǿձԴԼһЧȷʵܺá

ƿҩ䣬ʱһöۿ񵤣Ȼǿ֪ȱĹɡ
ˣ
̫ľתĸ죬ɿۿڻĽɫ⽥Ũ

ܹǣһɽ֮ڣΰĵһһԴŰϡ
ȻܹǵڶεĴ̩ڡ
ݴý̴ʼʼΪһ㾳Ĳǿߣ۷ǿޱȡ
ʲô̫ϳϵɱˣ
һŭ̩ĴֲܺƵ̼ãã񷡣
һĴڣ̩һ˽ӵϢԼһ̫ϳϵ䳽նһĹڣһǾŭܷӿ
˭ˣΪīʲô
̩ΪڲླڣʱŭĴ㱻ķѡ
̩ĵһǿ̫ϳϣΨһȻ˸նɱˣ
һδ֪ΪɱīҲһ
ڻʮˣһ˵ɫȻҲǺѿ
Ȼ˸˴󵨣̩̫ϳϵɱ֡
õ̩֮ɱŨһӺȥϡĳϡ峤ϡϡ߳ϺͰ˳Я걦״ץ̫ϳϱչض̫ϳԴã
һ̫ϳڱس㾳磬һɹ̩صʵɽͬΪǵڶεĺϻŵĸ˦󣬳Ϊ̡ĹҺɵȻµǿ
ʱһ̫ϳϵΨһȻնɱڽ⣬Ȼ̩֮ŭɶ¶ɱˡ

ڵɽڣľر𣬵ȴķǳïʢ
ˣ
εɽУɫøŨһٶ
ͬһʱ䣬ΪҲӣ򽥽øŨ
ۿ񵤷ͬһ㣬һö񵤣ڻɢǿձԴ̫嫣ÿһѪⶼˡ
Լ̫ľתĸ죬ۿڻ
ʱĽɫøŨΪٶȣҲøӿ졣
ˣһۣ¹ȥ
䣡
һ죬һɰڳĽɫһ˲ҵ㡣
һǿҵ쫷ΪģܺȻ
漴һ̣˫ۣâһš
ۿ۷塣

ȭһ̣о˼ı仯ѪøӾӨǱøǿøӻʶøս֮ǰǿ˲ֹһ
еá漴ֱ˫ۣת̫ľ̵ۿ۷Ϊ
֮תۼչȥ
պһ죬˫ۣۿ۷ΪԹ̣βɺ
벽ࡢڡڣ۷塭ͻĸС̨ײϣԴɹеĽƬȡ⣬ͻƵླʱ٣ǵ٣ʯƳŲȥѰ
ۿռ٣ʯ飬Ŀ˹ȥǲླ٣õԲһԽˣҪ뵥ɹླ٣ҲܰһЩǿֶΡ
ͷۡ
뵽Լ٣оԴ͡
վ翪ʼÿͻһ󾳽綼׷һαһο£һαһοֲĿԼսǿɹҪԶɽʱֶ֧ţʵЩա
ˡ
̾Ϣ
ʵˣҲûʲôãǰôླٸʵڡ
Ĩڸķƣ뿪ɽһһ˼ӦȥɲúĲླ٣֪Զһڡ
䣡
ǰ˵һͷβ׷һŮһľʹŮ


1388 Ҳܾ
ŮƯ񻣬ʮģΪȴǲվΣζԣĺ˲ˡ
׷βȴԱǿ࣬漶۷ʵ߼ίʵЩ޴ǣŮֻܱӣʱʱһ
ֻǣٶȴҲԶԶûβǿ죬һ˲䣬Ǳ˵ǰ
˫ͫ죬צգץŮͷ­
վԶһĻŲ΢Ů
һУһʮŮվûˣȻܼȣǲԭ
ٶȺܿ죬ֻһ˲ͳŮԣֳβȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ͻŮϵһ߲⣬ͬˮư㵴ٶȻҪ죬˲Ϣβϡ
ۣ
β̼鿪һѪûнֱ߲»˻ҽ
쵱ݣŮϵ¶ɫ
߲ʹâȻֻһ˲ûǿˣҸоޱϤϢʶеͬԴϢ
βը飬Ůʱ򳤳һظߵǰǸղлл㰡
ȻβΪϵղųȴҲǿˣʱл
лûﵽʲôҡͷĿȴŮϵϣ˶ʵϴźʶײͬԴĲǽƬϢȻǳ⡣
Ůͷ۲ϵǵүүһŵڵĳ⸽õһɣһõġ
Ŀ΢ʵ⣬ǲǳ߲ɫ
ŮЩرϢǿȴųһУѹƴǿҪȡΪ
ӸˣԿ϶ŮеǽƬɣԷүүõҲ˽ƬӰ䣬һ˿ϢʹȽܹɢ΢߲⡣
Щ΢ϲ뵽ɽżһʮŮȻõµĽƬټ
֪ڵĹŵصľλãŮܴܲҹȥ
Ůĳᵽġ⡱Щ⣬ȴһҲ⣬Ϊĺ֪ܲˣ֮
֪֪ȥƬŵأû취ȥ
˵
Ϊʲô
ü
ΪƬŵزƬ硣ŮЩƵĵͨ򡣡
ʲô
쵱һ㶣ŮеƬнƬĹŵأǴͨ
үүƬȥͨ򣬶ңһ𣿡
ʵ
ǵһ˵ͨĸ֣߳ʮʱǿߣͨ߳ͼȡֻرԴնˡ

ŮƵҡͷ
˵㣬ԭʹͨƬŵصôȥƬŵأΪ޷ǿհɣΨһĿԾүү㹻ǿǿ󵽿Դǿյͨ򡣡
ü
һŮĥ˵ǾǣҾͨˡ
лһĨɫԼµЩʲôĵ˵
ǰҾͨ˰ŮҧҾһȦСһżȵһƷȻͱ͵Ƭ磡
ơ֣ɼжô⡣
ԣʱˡ
˵ģģ
ȡ¡ۿ۷ΪҲ̲סЩ
ƭ
Ů
쿴ŮӶԷľ񲨶ϣԿĳԷȷʵʵһʱǸӳԾͬʱҲЩ
ܹͨ򣬿ԽһȦҲǻ档
˵
Ůԣʱߣܹô죿Ҳܾ
С类ͻȻ͵һƬİ磬һʶҲûУ˷ֿ޾ңԶľ룬ƵĺܣϵԪҵĲ
죺
ðʧŮ֪˵ʲôˡ
ܲȵһڿ󣬱ͨ͵Ҳû˭˰ɡ
ιǸûطȥҲûϤˣܲʱ㰡
Ů˳½ǵ
㲻Ұˣ
췭ۡ
ʵϣŮЩ֣ʱ̲ס˸СЦ
ֲɵеģĳǸˣֻܻ¡
Ů
죺
аɣž͸źˡ˵Ȼ֮ǵôȥͨǴ߲Ƭŵء
ڷҲǹһˣ˸Ȼûʲôи˵˵̫ġ
ȻҪǣŮµĽƬϸȡϵĽƬŮ·ǿʵŮǿգǰͨȥȡĽƬͬʱҲŮع


1389 ߹
ͬԼţŮʱԵøЩȻǴһƬİٲһˡҪǣĳǸˡ
ȥģ
ʱվԱߣٲȻѾһСӡ
쳯Զȥ߰ɣҴʵĵط˵ţŮʲô֣
䣬䡣Ůֿ죺أ
졣
򵥵
Ž䣬Լʱ߳Ƭ֣úһƬտƽԭ
ҲʱǿĲԶ֣ӰתۼƵǰǽ֯Ű벽༶Ĳдűɱ⣬ֱʶ
ǣ
䶯ݡ
ıǺƽ鷳ġ
ˣϸоϤϢ֮ǰһĹնǸ벽༶ĻϵϢһ޹žƺͬضͬһڣҲ̩ˡ
ʱЩ˵ΪǸ䳽ͻߵ
鷳ģۣ⼸˿ɶǰ벽ླ磬ʲôȻôһȺˣӦˣ
һ̫ϳϵһĹȡıɱңߵвֱӸˡ˵ǰɱ⼸ˣ㲻ʲô߹ˡ
벽༶߹

٣ǰǾ߹˵߹㲻ϡ

ƯĴ۾벽༶ǿߣȻôš
Ƶ˶죬ȷʵ̩ˣΪ̩ϡĳϡ峤ϡϡ߳ϺͰ˳ϣ̩֮׷Ѱѹ죬Ѱ񱾾ͺɭټ콫ǳΪ߹еͺǸŨңЩͬڤɱ㡣
Ҷҽ̫ϳϵ¶֣ĶҪó
һ˿˵Ŀ䵽㡣
öԣֱѹؽڣ̫ϳϳغԽ֮
һ˺Ϊ̩߳ϡ
˻䣬ֱӶˣ벽༶Ĳ֯̽ͨӡץȥ
͵һնʱѷ죬ȥЩˡ
ƽŵܼӶһƴ󽣣նˡ
ﬣ
ƽǿƥռ䣬ֱӽֵ̩߳ĺʮɡ
Ծղţ̩ɱ벽༶ʿ߹ѣЩţʱһͱ˰벽ླ̩߳ϣЩղŵĻˡ
һȻô

̩߳סΣ¿죬ɫ࣬ôÿ
ͬһʱ䣬̩˵ˣҲžɫ
֪ɱ˸䳽ߵĺͬΪ벽༶īϣ֪ʵӦǿһİ벽༶ǿߣɵһ˰벽༶߳ʱȴЩԾ΢Щ˸
쿴ˣƽڵ䳽͸Ļۻ๼񣬱˵Ҳǻᣬ뿪ҵûɱǣǼҶ֣ԸҿԱ֤һҲˡ
ƽʹ̩ϸһ
У̩ϿڣƳһƵâĵ֪һİ벽༶ǿǿ󣬲Σ㲻ֻһ˶ѣǣˣƾһˣΪͬʱסˣ
ٶ࣬Ҳ˾󡣡
鲻䣬Ǻܼ򵥡
̩ɫøӱϵɱŨңâӿ
Ȼ˳ǣ
ſĶ
ֱѹ
һϣ
ͬʱˣͨһӲͬķ칥ɱȥҽԱߵĽҲһ𸲸С
һʱ䣬Ť𣬽һѿǿ˻ġ
վߣӭ벽༶ǿɱѾ֪ǿ󣬿ȴǲɵӡ
Ͼ벽༶ǿߺͨȷʵǺܿ¡
վԭأһҲδɫ⽻֯令С
ɱ̩ˣɺƽǻᣬϧǲϧôҲҪԹ˭
һޱƿӿ
໣
쳹գޱƻ۳һͷɴʵһ㣬ƵĪ˾һβ
͵̩ϼͨһʱȫ飬ڿѪԶɳȥ
໣
죬ƻ۶ɵ£ͷǳƬƬգײһϡ

Ϊ̩߳ϣһҽУֱӱƻ۳ɵײ˸ѣͬҲһ١


1390 ԰
ѪˮƮڿУĿġ
ǡ
ۡ
һ벽༶ǿߣȻô򵥾͸նˡ
ͬһʱ䣬̩ϱɫһ棬Ǿͱնһˡ
ǿս̲סĲɫֱܿɭͬʱһɾŭ
ƫͷˣˡ
ǰΪڵۿڵʱնɱһİ벽ླǿߣΪӵۿڴﵽۿ۷壬ս˴նɱͨİ벽ླʿǸӼ򵥣ȻǲླڵǿߣҲһս֮
վԭزŵӣһƬ۳һͷ
໣
ʵĴˡ
̩ɫɭȻɱ
״
һ˵ͺ
ʱ䣬ӿмһ˼һͭ鲼ϵĵӡͨƻ棬һʱɢ˵ѹΪһڻ걦
ɱ
˺Ⱥ
¡¡߶ܵ򣬹״ʹ״˲䱩ʮ
һʱ䣬ֱ̮ˣе¶ٶ֮࣬ƺҪһиڻ״ѹ£ʯ׹䣬ҪƬصﶼ顣
ƺˣ
״Ϊ۷걦Ǵҽƽ̵һƱԴҵ˹ԶԶǿһĻ걦൱һĲླǿߵһֻѹ£ȻĹڵһڻ걦Ҳãסҵ˼״
˺ѾΪǴڵۿ۷弶Ρ
һۿ۷弶ˣڵۿվ޵УһླǿߣȴһָסϾۿվͲླǸһ󾳽蹵սϵĲˣԶСսȡ
˺ƽ̵һ˿Ļ걦״൱һླǿߵһֻѹ£ɱླκˣΪԵס
¡¡ģ״ѹ£һС
ɱ㣬ļ̫ϳԴ
һ˺
״ϣ׻Ũɱʮ
ӭ״ȻԸоǿ󣬵ûʲô仯
ƽ֯ɵȻӭϣݺݵײ״ϡ
漴ͬһʱ䣬ȭǿϻȭ״һȭϡ
飡
״ɣԶһɽڣɽѹķ顣
ʱ䣬˽Ǳɫ
㡭
̩ϺȻ˺ƽ̵һ˿Ļ걦״൱ǲླƽ̵һֻѹ䣬񾹱һȭ͸ˡ
ⲻܣ
˷
ҧٴܣɳȥ״أʹ֮ٷ
Ҳʱ춯ˣýԭزԼ˲Զе̩˳Ͻǰ̧־һơ
㡭
ۣ
ѹ£ƥ˳ķ顣
ңдһö˵ҲһĨ
˴ɵһɺŴ߶״ѹ졣
ֻǣٶȿľˣһαǳһǰΪ̩ϣֱӾһǻȭ£ҵķ飬һ
ͬʱһƣŻȭİԵٴν״ķԶ
̩˵˾ԺȻǰˣȻǿ˵ز
쿴ˣһһâɾΪ콣еһͨ
ﬣ
âٶȼ죬˲һüĴʹը
̩˵ˣֻʣϺĳϣһȫ־֡
˺ˣżͨѹ죬һ̣볯Զȥ
ˣ
ۡ
쿴Ӷݵˣƽһ˼ǿͨһǰ˵ǰ·ضϡ
һʼߣǲߣڣҲͲˣȫ
˵һչʮͬʱ֣ɢǿܡ
̩ϺĳϲеĿ־Ũ
Ҫɱǣ
ġ
ƽҸǻᣬԼϧ
䣬ʮһѹ䣬ֱ̩ӸС
˾֣ͨӭϡ
ϧֻǴѣʮ̺һеתۼǼͨʮǳϣܾ
ۣ
ۣ
ֱըͬҲһ顣
طһ¾ͱð
ҵ죡벽༶ǿߣȻô򵥾͸ȫնˣ
ۡ
˵ˣ߹ѡ

Զ״һӣ֮ȡУӡе˵ӡǸĨڡ
һڻ걦ֵǷǳơ
߰ɡ
к䣬Զȥ׼һĵطǿձԴУͬʱҲ˼Ӧ֮Ĳླ٣Ǹ⡣
Աߣϸָ˴ļҵĴһС˵ҼٵۿռǿߣٶϹŶҲǴڵۿռΣòǻʮͷɣ
ֱһʲôͷ᲻˵һ궼
һ궼һ궼ʹﵽ˵ۿ۷壬ôܣʦ˭ô̳Ĺ
ۡ
ðߣֺݺݵһ£ղǻֻǡͷѣֱӱɡˡ
εĶͷʹ˵Ӧϧ񡣡
ƶ졣
бһۣǰȥ
űõĶͷƲС죬
ܿ죬߳Զ

ǣ̩ɽڵȺɽУȻ
ʲô
һŭȺɽһһƽ̾ŭнҪ
ڸղţ˽ӵɳȥѹϵ˵ĻȫϨˣţȫ䣬նɱ˽⡣
ôܣ˿Ǵ״˺Ȼȫɱ
лˣΪһĴϺͶϣ˿ҲǶоŭ

̩ƽ
̩ھŸϣϺͶϴڲڣϡĳϡ峤ϡϡ߳ϡ˳ϺΪ䳽īվųϴڰ벽ླ̩֧ϵųȴȫɱתۼ߸벽༶ǿߣʧ̫ˣ
ټ̫ϳϵ䳽նµӣŭ㣬ϵɱ嫺Ҫһж
ϣϣǰһҪץԼ̣
˺

Ž䣬ڶʱڴĴɽʱһϡ
ٰ

Ĳླ٣ֻһ벽ΡˣҪǰöɽٵ׼Сǣ˼ãȴʼ벻õĶɽٷ
ʲô԰ˣһֱû֮𣿣
ȷʵһֱܴǣǰգ֯ΧνͻȻбˣκ˶ܽȥѾһǿ߸ˡ
˵ǻĹǰһλ޵д֮ﴴһڸǲݶɡƬ԰УܴڸĴС
ʿ٣ʱСۡ


1391 ԰
ŽڴϣŴһʿʱ䶯ݡ
ݶɵĸ仰е֯һƾâ
紫ԣôõպܹдá
䣬ȥ԰
к
ม
Ӧ죬ȥﶼν
ʿܶ࣬ͬһϣԣҲÿȥѯƬ԰ڣ붼֪԰ھЩʿ˿нķ򣬵ŽѭЩ˵ĲУúһǰ
ȥޱ޼ʣϲӿλһ޴ĵ죬ռҲ֪жô㣬ȥǳˣһĴɽϣ֧صļһ㣬һֺΰĸо
԰
ǰ졣
쿴ı飬һ˿棬֪طôȥǳϤģ㲻Ǵͨ򱻴͵Ƭ𣿡
԰Ǵͨ򱻴͹ģ͹˲ֱӴӿеˣĵ󵺣һߵı飺Ҳ԰Ǹһ浽ޣ޳Ⱥ缶޺ܶ࣬ۿռҲ٣ҲˣѾӳ
ϵ޴죬ҧгݣһԹı顣
ǱĻһ£㡭Ǵӿе䵽ȥģ
ϵĵ챻԰֮ǰЩʿ۳ƣ԰һֱǿ磬ԹƿܴȴеĴʼʼ涼δɽ䣬Ȼӿе䵽԰ڣֱӴ԰ǿ磿
ǰȻͱһȺ׷ҧǳԹίҲվôһȺ׶ޣ㶼֪˶үүΪƵ壬Ҷ֪˶ٴˡ
ǳԾ֮ǰЩʿƣ԰Թǿ֣ƿǰãǽĪʧˣ⡭òİɣ
Եۣô˵أôκģ
죺
ָŽ䲱ϵҵ˼ǣӿе´԰Ľʱϵʱ԰Ľֱӱ
԰Թǿ绤ţʿ޷У԰ڵֻ֪һ԰ȴֱӴӿ׹䵽˹԰ڣܹ뵽ĿֻжԷϵΪһ˿߲ɫĽ֮԰ı飬ǺڵĽ֮йء
ΪĹϵ俴ŲϹŵȷʵڴ͸緽ǳ֮ǰͨǴżҲŷǳǿĽţǿʿˣֱӾߵȥ
ԣԽӵĿ϶ˣ԰ĽĪ飬Ϊ䲱ϵĹϵǲдĽϢʹ԰Ľɢ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһʱ򣬳ȺȺʿڳǷ԰ڳ塣
ΪԹ԰ڳȴǿ߼ֵ޵⣬ҩ񱦵ȣջνǳ
ߣҲȥ
԰ȥ
𰡣һѾקסԴҡĸ˹һȥҶ˵ˣΣյĺܣޱأ㾳Զħޣһ򣡡
㾳ϵԶħ޶У
΢
Уҿͷǳ£ʱǶҶ֣үүΪҼ壬ҲԻ
ͷԵ÷ǳ档
ԶԶĳŹ԰ȥǲ뵽㾳޶С
ﵽȼޣǿĺֲܿͬʿǿܶࡣ
ȻˣҪȥҪõڲ
Ϊ紫ǰǲݶɣôضͬһ㣬ܶԺ𵽼Ҫԣ̫ˡ
ұȥһˡ
Խ
ۣ漴ЩΣĴעҪȥ԰
Ǿ߰߰߰ɡ
˵԰ȥ
һЦԴģһᱣġ˵ţֵ⸽ҸεĵطңҴ԰Ѱ㡣
˵ʲôأҿ䣬䣡ôţһȥ׵ȥͶȥҪȥһȥ

ͦģ͹ûʲôϵӦɣ

ߵһ˼
ݸк԰λöȥ
԰ģŽ䣬ȻٶȼҲǺķò԰ǰ˶ٺֱӿ뵽԰֮ڡ
໣
𣡡
ʼһ԰ڣһɲɣĺϢʱҲޱŨо޺ڻ죬Ƶա
ղʱûκ죬ôһоô˵޺ڻصȥ
Ծ
ӣң޺Ҳȥһϡ
޺죬԰ڹľأɽһһԷǳΡ룬֯һϢһƬ硣
䣡
Զ쫷ӿһͷԶնϵնסˣڴͶһƬ޴ĺӰˡ
쵱һʵͷ̫Ӵˣչɡ
𼶣
ݡ
˵һλ÷죬һͷëʨֱ˴ء
ԶЩĵطһͷ߹ƶһɽ㣬ֻǿһ۾Ĳ

һɽ䴫ҽѭȥһǿĴʿһͷӥץס˺ķѣһ븹С

ȡ

ҽͣص
԰飬ʿ԰ڣʱ鲼԰ڵһɽ䣬вҽһһʿ԰ڵ޿С
תۣ԰ƮŨҵѪζݵƬ̼
⵽԰򣿡
˸
һʿѪķίʵЩҡ
Ҷ˵ʲô԰һ򣡡
ĥƬ԰ĺܡ
һϣһʼͷ𼶾ݸɳ˫һ𣬵һɿ쫷磬ֱ˴ƬգȻǵ
䣬Խâ壬˲ƳȥԶܿͷ𼶾ݡ
㲻Ǵڵۿվ۷һͷ𼶵ޣһܸˣҪӣ
档
⸽ֱ̫࣬ӳָɱܻὫ޵ȫûʲôôܹ־;֡



1392 ӡ
ףĻʱ¶һ˿֮ɫһΪϺǿأû뵽˼άҲͦġ
Ϊ㣿ôռҲǴģܴͨȸɵ
б
㡭Ǳȵβ͵èһɶļһ
Цһʱи˶죬оͦģ̫ġ
ŽܿһЩޣ԰ڣѰټ
ء

ȥ԰ĺɽһһһԹų㣬ҪһںѶȻĲһĴ
˵ǲΪ涼ȷأһǼٵأҸʮҲǰ׷

ֱһҪڱŬʱȥ˵
űõĶͷʹĲᡣ
԰УܿһЩޣɢǿĵۿռ̽ѰܣѰҴ쳣ĵطĵطпܾǴĵط
޺԰ڻصʱʱо˵쫷һЩᡣ
ǡҩǧ꣡
ͨ񣬶챦ģ
澳ڣκһС̨׵Ϊ
԰ڷǳΣգޱأȴò˵ȷʵ౦ʱһɽʱʱʿľ˷ᡣ
ŽԶѰ;ԼҲĶǧ֮õҩгǧ龧ֱץʯС
ܿ죬߳ԶܵĹľͦΣɽΡ룬Ũ
䣡
ǰϯһ´һͷƻľݷɳһͷ˵еĻˣʹÿռ䶼յЩŤƺһ̾Ҫڻ
춯ݣٲȻһͷĹ֣ͼ¼мأΪ񣬴ڵۿվ磬İ벽ླǿˡ
ԻĹʱһֱڵ԰޾£һֱ˴ţЩϵޣɳĵܿ¡

Ǹλãżʿڿ£¶˵һ޴񳲡
ͷϻѾ뿪ѨֻٶȽ֮ȡߣȻ䣡
Ϊ׵һ˵
ΪĹֻ֣Ҫ꣬Ϊǿɿȴǿߣ̫𾫰ǿޱȣѰһֻѱδ߱ǽһͷǿĻĹΪսޣ£ǿġ
˽ǵͷͬ⣬ٶȷǳ죬ֻתۼ˻ĳѨԡ
Ѩֻ̣һȺ˿ʱܾߴߴĽлΪȡ
ץߣٶ뿪
һ˵
һ˶ͷץѨеֻ
ԶһĻɵðҡͷ⼸ʿΪǿҲͨɼѣȻȥһۿռݵĺע⣬ӻ治һĴ
ҲʱԶһХҵĻȼ죬뿪ϻʱ·˻żʿڶֱ֣Ӿһڻ
ã
ߣ
ʿɫԾ񳲣ɿӶݡ
Ļ̫ˣ˲գʿС

ʿҽУ㱻ճ˻ҽ
桭£
ӡ
ôҲǵۿռⲻʲô

к䣬Զȥ
һ̣ݣ۽һƳǴ´ǼʿճɻҽĵطһͱĹ鿪¶һʯڣĹơ
ǣ
ͣ½ŲʯϵЩƣһʱоһɾ˵ĵϡ
ֵϲ֪ʲôĵǣЩϣȴԼоһ֮ٵ׷֮
Ž䣬ֻһ˲Ϳʯڽǰ뿴Ĺơ
ʱ뿴Щƣо˸Ӿ˵׷֮ЩƺһžޱȰԵҪضһ㣬Ĳ
䣡
ϯǳ񱩡
һߣϻոն࣬ʱ࣬ӵķŭһ˫ͫޱɭȻֻצץͽ䣬Ҫ˺顣
ܵգƬı顣
ֳ̧һƣֱӽϻǧԶһײʮľ

ϻ𣬾ŭӣһ𷭹һ𺣳ûȥ
֣ɫĴ׻ֱӽϻĻ𺣸յһɶ
£Ҳĺӵ⣬ҲôҪҡ
ϻĿʼǰʯϣϵЩơ
ϻ¶ݣڵۿռ𣬿İ벽ǿߣսޱǿᣬĻǿɷٻһУ൱츳ܣȻһĻȴǽ츳ת۸ٻٵһɶʵ𾪡
ԶԶĿ죬ûٶ֣ɻԼĳѨڻסֻڳѨĵĿ죬漴ҲʯϵĹƣ¶һ˿⡣
ûдͷĶǰʯϵĹơ
Щƺֲܴڣȴޱȷ£׾췣֮ܡ
ǡѵǵǸڴʱµӡǣ
¶â
ЩֲڹƲ޷̵ֱȴǷǳ£գǿͣΪĹʥΪֲ
ͻȻһֻץ·䷢ϢޱȻңѪ
ôˣ
춯ݣһۿȥֽϢҪϨˡ
æ̫֣Ϊ壬֣Ī˵鲼ѺۣԴޱߣҪѿˡ
Щԣ̫תĸ죬ۿվ۷ΪҲķʮŽκãʹöԷľָ롣
ô£
üʵ
վطʲôҲûзȴͻȻ˵ôأѾֻһˣʵܹŹ֡
˱κãɫˢףӲɵ÷ϣһץ½ǣһָӡз¹ƵʯڣǡǶҾͿ˼ƶѣͣ͡ϣָʯϵЩƣʱֱӲٿˡ
춯ݣͻȻ˵أΪʯϵЩ£
Լûµİоõһ˿ϡ
룬ӦЩ̺̫ǿΪ֧ȥĦǡؼ䣬һЩǿµķӡǵȣ̺ͨзǳǿĵòɢΪ̫˹ۿЩӡǣҲ˵
ҡͷǣΪûйϵ˵Щƣųҵ꣬ųҵıԴ
ʲô
ü
ЩƣܹĦ򣬺ͬΪĽȴУų⣿
ʱһߴۿռͷϻʯϵЩƣƺҲڲһ̿ѪɢޱȻңֻߴߴС


1393 
ƫͷϻ񣬵ݡ
ۿռϻ񣬴˿Ժ͸ղŵĽһ
˶٣һ˹ȥ
ߴߴ
Ѩڣֻ쿿еĸӵľʧ롣
ͬһʱ䣬ۿռϻѪŭ죬г䱸͵⣬һҪӣȴӻˣ̲סֲһ
ҲẦ㣬෴㡣ֻǣЩ⣬뿴һ
˵
ͷۿռϻ񣬴˿̵״̬͸ղŵĽһǳ档
ϻ죬粻ȴվɢȥ⵹űˣֻΪղź콻֣ѾԼĶ֣ټϴ˿ܼصĴˣҪԸȫ׾٣ûҪƭ
Էʧǰ̫תͬѪɫâϻ֣ԸƣͬʱҲʶ̽Էڣ֣Էƺͽһ鲼ѺۣԴҲࡣ
ղҲڹۿʯϵĹƣͱԴΪųܵ˷ɣ
ʵ̫תۼʹöԷƺ˴롣
ϻЩԾǿôصˣȴôܽ룬ίʵЩ¡ͬʱˣʱǳмԣ⣬ûлرܣʶȷʵǡ
üһΪϻˣһֿʯϵЩơ
ռĽΪЩⴴۿռϻҲΪĦЩⴴͱԴų⣬һɻΪʲôûбų⣿
Ҿ˵Ƶʲô԰򣡿ƶ
ϻûзʲôǢʱҲ˹
üϻѾΪ̫˾ųɣʱתʥʯϵĹƣǣôһҲûУ
ΪǸ̬Ĺ
ֹ
̧־һ£ʲôй᲻죿
в͵˵ۿ۷壬̧Ĩɱ벽ˣǹʲô

һ£ź콾ݲʦͱ콾
Աߣϻ˵Ļۿռһ𾪣ǰദڵۿ۷壬ȴȻһ궼
ң̧־Ĩɱ벽༶ǿߣ
ףعƣЩر𡣡
ܲ
ѵĳλϴµĵۣ
пܣ
ȥ
԰ʿܶ࣬ʱвʿԶһߵʯϵЩƣ󲿷ֶǶݣת۾дƬʿǰȥĦ
ι𿴣Σգ
ѵ
ʿѭĿڽϣжʱһĨ֮ɫΪȷʵĺƯԳƵһ飬˲ġ
һ̣Щ˿ԱߵϻʱȴǶһ£ԸоϻĿ£ɢŵһˡ
⡭
ЩʿоȣϳϻΪһͷ֣ԽǸӺŮӾȻǰվһµĺǰǿ죬Щ˷ûôྪɫĿ඼ϻͽϡ
ϻ¶˵ľ޴ѨڣĵĿЩʿԵúܰʵϣ֮ǰһЩˣΪ˵Ĺϵĵ࣬ʱûг֡
ʿſµϻûҪֶԸǵľٶ⵹ҲŨʿڣĵҵȲʯϵĹƣ̾뿪
ԶԶԣЩƣҵȥ
ʿ͵
ЩˣҪǺϻΪȷʵо˶ԷϵĿ
䣬Щ˵±ʯϵĹ
ι𿴰Σգ
ѡ
ȻûʲôãЩĻšƻΣա£һĹĦ
ңģʿԶסЩƣһĲ
ת۶ѣʮȥڲеʿһǲ

˲ҽУ׹䡣
󣬸˲ҽгһɢŵϢ̼ޱȻҡ
мСʿҽţϢܿʧ廹ڣȴˡ
ܿΣգ
һЩʿС
ʯһʿ˴ѣתۼ飬ֱӵز
ɲǼ䣬ЩƵˣдֻٰΪıȽҼʱֹǿסͱԴȴشϢࡣ
վһߣһĻ¶ɫüͷ
ЩˣȥռĽԼۿռϻһ޷ЩƣԴƺЩų⣬ӵĺοȥЩƺֻһ˿Բô£
ԶһЩ
ʯڴ˲ˣһʿЫԶйƵʯڡ
طɧȴ˸ʿŲǿǶλļӰʹطһʿޱȼɵη
⼸ӰŽԺܲǿᣬرмһˣһڵԨ㣬һֿ͸ĸо
ǡĹҵˣһǿ߾ȻҲ԰Ϊڴ˵еĸ
мǣҵҼİܣ
Ǹˣ˵Ѿﵽ˲ླ߶ȣ
ʿۣҼмˣеļɵ֮ɫǳŨңҴһ˿˿⣬ںˣԶˡΪ˷࣬ŮɫҺ̣֪ܲ˶ŮӣƫƫΪȴǺǿлĹ󣬻û֮ܶô
ҼߵطмλãҵۣǹаЦ
﷢ʲô£
ҵʵ
´ʯڣϿƣȴܲ򣬵Ħѡ
Աһźµӻش
Ŷȷ
ȷ
źµӵͷʱ䲻ȴѾ˽˺ܶ¡
ŶȤ
ҵۣǰʯڣͬʱɵÿһλϵˣĿ̼˽ϣеһĨ֮⡣
ô꣬Ůӣ߱ɫģȴǵһμ

Ž䣬Ե˵
ԵĺӵͷֱӳǱȥת۱ǰ
һ£ɫĮΣ͵ۿռϻԲ⣬·ûпһ㣬ֱһ⽫شߣȻûٸ£ǳ졣
ʲô
ŭ˾Ȼ߹⽫׼ߣĲС
վԱߣһҲûУ̧Ⱦһţһںϡ

ӵҽУԶѪˮڿС


1394 
ѪˮƮڿУӺԶڿѪ϶ʱѺۡ
Ҷ֣
ŭ졣
ΪҵˣҸڲ༶ҼҵߣΪҵǿ°Ů£̫ˣû˸ôȻ°ŮѾԱߣȻԶǿ󣬵ȴҲַΪǴźҵΪУҲǴźΪС
ңǿԻĹʱĳʼһλɼǿߣ˵ѾһڣĻĹž뢣Ƭ˭ǣûУ
ԣȻ˽Իܿµϻ񣬵ȴҲ⣬ֱߵǰҪ߽䣬ȫϻ죬ȴǲ뵽һҲûУֱһŽ߷ɣҪ

ȵ
ĨȥԷ֮ǰڽϵ⣬̧־һɫ˦
ٶȼ죬۵һǽӹᴩɳȥǧԶֱӶԶһɽϣѪ

˷ɱĲҽУʹ衣
ͬһʱ䣬⸽һʿǱɫһ
ҵ˶֣ңǸǸҵߵˡ
ĲҵǳĺΪǳֲǸҵߵˣǾûùӳԵİ
ԶҵĿϣ΢۶Ե˷Ըȥժͷ­ŮӴȻ޾ͷߵΪһŮӻ⻹ǵһΡ
Աߣ˵ͷͬʱȥ
ۻʼʿѪǳ񣬱֮ǰǸǿܶࡣ
Ǳ鵭Į죬ɱ⡣
ϻڳڣĵĶɱ⽫ֵˣ֪ǿȴǷһ嫵ɢ𶯳ա
ղſаˣͼ춯ֱ֣⡣
ߵ˽Ųһ٣ϻİ£岻һ
ȴֻһ˲ѣһ̣˵ɫǱĮ
޹أȰòҪ󡣡һ˿ڣĶϻǿ󣬵ҲǣɱˣҶǡ
˵ţ˺ٴο粽ȥĮһУ޼ɵ
̫ˣ
ҧ
쿴ˣƽ
˵ûǣǵɱ⣬˭ǰһ
˵
˱һ٣Į
Ϊ˵ˣܶԸǣǣɱȡ⣬ʲôǰҲ֣һ֣Ϳ壡
һ
ӭ죬ǵĽŲû˿ͣ٣ɱûа෴ǿЩ
첻˵ʲôֱӻ֣âնն˴ա
Ľֱʹ˱ɫ
㡭
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըۻʼʿ飬һ
ʱ䣬ط˽Աɫ
ˣ
ۻʼǿߣȻ̧־͸
ǿҵ˰ǸҵߵҵϵȻ
ʿ𺳣ΪǿʵҲΪնɱ˶ΪǿǸҵߵҵϵ쾹ȻôֱӾ͸ˡ
ҵվԶ죬һĨ⣬һɰѹɢ
ѹǳ£дŲ༶ܣطһʿһ
༶ǲ༶
⡭
ǸҵҪԶ֣
оҵ˿ɢǿѹʿļ£¶㤡
ȻǿۿռϻҲǲɵĶ¡
Ͼ༶ѹĺܿ¡
ҵĿϣѹǺӣһȥĺ£ɱ֮ˣ㣬ӲС֮µˣǵڡ
৵һƿӰǰֱӴĻ
ҵݣͻȻһȫûĶ㡭
ž
ֱ̧֣һҵϣա
ѪˮƮУҵɣȥǧԶǧһɽֱӸײķѡ
⣿
Ǹҵ
ǿһ༶ǿ߰ôܣ
˽ֱɫ
ۿռϻͽҲǶɫһ༶ǿߣһķˣңǸղžվԱߣȫûпƶġ
䣡
ǧ⣬ܷ༶ҵ𣬰ĲѹƵʮ졣
һ̣¶죬ޱա
ò༶ǿߣҼİܣȻ˵˳һǶ⣡
Ķ
̹ǣɱǻɽһ㱬
һʱ䣬񷶼ˡ
𺳣ʿսսȫԶ룬±
ȻǵۿռϻҲ£ΪϢΪȷֲܿ
Ψıƽû˿ı仯
ЩŮӲٰɣеȾƬ磬Լж˲𣬲һֻҰˡҵ⣬ҲҺԣȺ֣ЩвܲʣңҲֻһȺҵľۼضѡ
ǳƽûпȥŷζȴ˷̺Ϳ
⡭

˵ǣǡ
ʿɫ
ҵ༶ǿߣңĹңʼΪһɼǿߣһڣ޾£ȴ˳ҵľۼأȻ̫𺳺ͷˣʹһʿˡ
Ψн丽ͣǣң۵ļ壡ЩѾ֪Ƭ֣֪˻Ĺҵǿ󣬵ȴ˿Ҳ⣬ʱΪͷȻҪ˳ĻԮĵ
Ȼһطһʿǲһ£˿Һ
һһŮֱֱǡ
˷ֻͽ䵨ʵ̫ˣһҵľۼأһ˵ͣǶ۵ļ壬ʵЩļ¡
ҵͷð˳ͽ䣬Ȼ棬ô˵棬ڮڮҡ
Ҫ
̵
һ⣬༶ѹøǿ𶯳գѹϰ˻ġ
һֱ̣Ӷˣ༶ܷӿ̧ץ죬һ⣬Ž串Ƕȥͬʱͽ䶯֡
ʱ䣬պ¡¡˻ѹһС
ߣâۿ۷弶һ˿ѷɫҵѹƵֱҵ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ӶȭһͷӰһͷӰֶʵڵĺ飬ƵĪҵӭϡ


1395 
ɫͬһӿȭ֮Ƶϰ˻ģһͷӰһͷɻӰȭϸĪӭҵ̽Ĵ֣Ҫ񷶼طʿһȫȭ
áǿ⣬Ϣ
ʿݡ
һȭʵЩֲǿԽһжٵһ㡣
ţ
ͬʱϻҲ𺳣˿ɢѹ̫ǿˣȻ˿ҲȲླҵңʱĵȭǿֲǳ
ȻҵҲǵһʱ򿴳Ϊڵۿվ۷壬ǣ죬һ̵ƺ͹ȴǶѷɫֺ
Ҳʱȭݻɻˣֱ֮ѹµĴײһ
һ죬նʱ˴Ƭ͸Ŀ𶯲ˮһ㵴
ȭཻ¡
ҵһƱøңһ˫ͬʱӶ֯һһӡÿһӡ֯Ų༶ܣʮԲ
䵭⽻֯˫ȭӶҵһȭһȭѹ¡
飡
飡
飡
ȭƲײͬƬռص̵˶Ĥʹ
һĻʹطһľ
סҵ
ȻܺǸҵ棬ǿǲླĴڰ⡭
ôܣ
չ¶ܣΪҲһ̱¶˳˶оǴڵۿ۷壬Ȼ磬ȴȻԺͲླҵ档
á
𺳡
֪ǳǿǿı̬á죬ȴû뵽쾹ȻԵۿ۷ΪͲڵҵײʵ̫ˣӲûɳ
Ϊۿվ۷Ͳླڣмǻš벽С̨ס͡벽ൽ󾳽蹵ΣսĲȫ֮ȫһԪˣԵۿ۷ΪͲڵҵײȴǲ·
飡
飡
飡
𶯣սıһһε졣
ҵ˫һһλӳ֯ɱ⣬Ҫȴȫûκε죬ÿһӡĵ
ܺãܲ
䡣
ȭɫȭâѹһУȴôླ磬Ȼˮ׼̶ȣΪԼ޵ˣĴ޹ŮӣΪΪε㣿ǣΪиĹңþԼĿ̧־㣬Ϊ˼ңȴҲǲҶ㶯֣
Ķ
ҵĿգһ԰죬ͬʱһֻֽӡʱֳķģ֯ϢƺƵѹ졣
͵һֱ˴ƬлȴҲ˲ͱ
Ȼһڷǳǿɱ
ҵĺĴͨķ¼
ЩģƺԵչһУﶼ
༶Ĵɱ
طʿɫϳ
ǵӡУҵǳ£һչѹһУ
䣡
ķ¼ͨѹ£취ƮɣС

ҵܼķ𶯣֯ŵƱñ֮ǰӵĿ¡
Ǹоͨǿᣬȴû˿仯ɵĮ
ﬣ
ת콣Ľɫ񽣵һʱ䵴ӭ취նȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ٴλӶȭȭ˱貵Ľâȭѹǰ˻ġ
໣

ɻ˳һһӿ֮ǰƸӺˣͬķҵȥ
䣡
Ƭռ䶼ƥУ͵ķ飬Ϣ½֯
콣âһһģɻֱӺ䵽ҵǰ
ǵһҵϵֱӷˡ
ҵĿ༶ӿɻˣ̧۳һϵâ֯ͷ­նȥľֱնϵϵһС
ûжĶӶȭӭϣһȭҵս֮ϡ

ȭͷڶԷ۶ɵսϣͬʵĽ
նѣ飡
ҵȣ֡
һе𶯣һ磬ɱ϶
ЩɱƼǿÿһжƵ⣬·ÿһɱնһС
ȻҲҵһڴͨȷŵķ¼ǿᡣ
ɱС
Դˣıû˿仯ֻǻӶȭһֻһͷӰԻǧɳΧУֱһǴβ
䣡
˵ϯβڹһһɱ
ҵֱͨӱ顣
⣬⡭
ԵۿռΪȫס˲༶ҵ
á
طһʿ
Ҳһľݣ̫̫ˣ
䣡
ǰܹҵ棬ȭƶͨ棬ȫ¡
ҵĿϣĿɱʥĻꡣ
ΪƾۿռΪܹ˲༶ң̫ˣ
ȵ
䣬һֱӳһڱ¯¯ڽޱȳҵ⡣
ǣһڻ걦
ʿݡ
ҵ걦ı¯¯ڲƳԣƺһƾܻٵһС
ۿնԲֻ࣬
ɭԲ༶Ϊ߶걦¯걦չ˳¯ڶʱ㵹޾âţҪȫѹ
ͬһʱ䣬һǿʮռ䣬ѹ¡
ʱ༶걦Ӳ༶ֱͨƬգþԻָ
Ϊл걦
䵭
וּһһ̽ڳΪ֮ǰһĹãһڻ걦˿̼콣ʩչֻһնâʮ졣
һڻ꽣
ʿ󾪡
ﬣ
߶걦Ķ̽ȻΪûв༶޷꽣ȫӳȴҲɺܿ£ƥĽĲ񷶼һѺۡ
콣߶ڻ꽣Ϊնҵı¯
ͬһʱ䣬˵һ󸡳һͼһֱӽֻͼʼһֱɢʥϢӲѹ䣬ƺƵҵ
ͼһƬռ䵱ܵ˴ѹƣͬˡ
飡
ҵⴴֱӱֻͼɣѪˮƮڿС
ˡǸҵԵۿΪ˵˲༶ˣ⡭
һʿȻ
ĿĮǲһһӰ泯źɳȥҵȥ
ҵˣ
ʱһ
ԶգӰ֣Խ֯Ų༶ĲдŭͶֻһɲǱǱƵƬսУͬʱ֣ӡץȥ


1396 һս
ӰԶͬʱӡѹ£ƴ̹Ǻ⡣
ʱ䣬ط˽Զݡ
ࣿ༶
˾
ֻӡ֯ɲĻϢӲѹ䣬ֱӱ˴Ƭա
΢ֹסҵĲԻȭӶ֯ɻˣѹֻ༶ӭȥ
䣡
ɻֻӡײһ𣬵һ˵ܷ籩һС
̩ǣ˲𣡡
Ŀʱ༶ǿߡ
ϣӦ˺֮ǰնɱ̩벽ǿͬϢ붼֪̩ˡ
˵ȷ̩ˣΪһĴϺͶϣǴڲླڣʱ죬϶¶ݣǳץ죬ղѰֱӾͳӡѹ£ǣȴǽǵĴȫ
Ҫ֪˿Ǵڲླΰ쾹ͬʱǵĹ
Ǿȣһ̣Ǳг˵ɱ⡣
Ҫ
ɱȣֱֶˣͬʱͨѹ죬ȴ˱ɳȥҵ
ǰĮӭˣܣȭ𶯲񷣬һƬƬա
̩ϺͶܷӿ༶â֮һ𶯣󽥽¶ȵı飬˺Ϲ죬ܱһʼǿ࣬ٶȽѹ£ȴǲ룬ȫǵĹơ
ôܣ
𺳡
漴ҧܴ߶ĸǿͨ
һʱ䣬Ƭռ͵رһı飬ĩ˰㡣
̩ĴϺͶϣô˶֣⡭
˳ԾȻ֪̩ĴϺͶϣʱǺܾȡ
Ψн֪ô£ն̩̫ϳ֮ɱһü벽ླǿߣһȻӱŭɳླǿѹ죬ʹʱ¶ǺżϾȻǿ󣬵ڶսҵ༶ǿߵʱͻȻӭ̩ǿߣĺ⣬ܿݱԵۿռΪͬʱӭս༶ǿߡ
һۿʿͬʱӭսǿߣ죬Ҳѻ
䣡
ܷƺӦ֤ĵǣԶɳȥҵ˻ɭԵޱỴ̩̄ˣֱɱ졣
񣡡
ɭȻ߶¯⣬ͬʱɱѹ¡
͵ģܵ𣬻Ĵ˺ƺƵĳɢȥ
ҵĵѣ
ҵѣҲ磬ٽѹ
̩Ȼ֪ҵһ߹ɱ죬һߺܿĶҵϾҵǻĹҵˣһǿ̫ˣȻΪϲҵһһǱʶȴһ־η
ҵûʲôֻĿ̵Ķ죬ͨɱһѹ£ɱ⣬κεΣɭ
ҵӦȸ̩߰˶˵ʲô֪ҵǶ߰ʸ񣬵Ҳٶ˵ʲôҵһ𹥻ͨ
ʱ¡¡ģɲͬӷƺƵѹ졣
ɱ
༶ǿһ𹥻һۿ۷ˣ⣬⡭
طʿʧɫ
䣡
䣡
䣡
Уܷӿ̩ϺҵͬʱΧ죬ͨһչһƽ֯ձһһΣˡ
⣬ɫ⽻֯Եۿ۷ΪͬʱԿ༶ǿߣȷʵܳһˡˣıȴû˿仯һ䵭û¶˿ηͼɵ콣ͬʱʩչ
ң걦Ķ̽ǹâţĽһնϰ˻ġ
Եۿ۷Ϊǿסླǿߣ⣬ֱ
ʿ𺳡
ʱһ֮ͬʱӭսǿߣȻһˣ·ȴûΣ֣ҵ˼ͨɱǱ
̫̫ǿˣֱֱǡﰡ
˶£Ǳֳսסˡ
һۿ۷弶ʿȻܹݵĺླǿͬʱ⣡

䣡
䣡
䣡
ӿռ䡣
̩ϣϺҵ֮Χɱ죬Ȼٴ·һʱȴԽ쳹ѹƣɫǱøӵıɭȻ
걦
̩Ϻ
䣬һͷɳһ걦ܵһʱ佻֯
ͬһʱ䣬̩ϼһڹӡʼһ־л걦֮ɢ
ɱ
ҵɭȻ߶¯ϴͨ죬һԻ
̩ϺͶһ֣͹ӡһѹ¡
ʱ䣬༶ǿƿڻ걦һɱ񷶼ƺҪ̮
溧ˣ
⣬⣬⡭
ˣǿҲԵۿΪסȹɱư
Ҫˡ
ʿ̾Ϣ
ǿǿ󣬷ǳǿ󣬷ǳǣôǿôҲԵۿռΪͬʱл걦Ĳ༶ǿ߰
Ǵ󼱣ôżôǣȴҲֻܸżɵǣΪΪﲻκæ
ôôô죡
ת
ϻҲɫҪ죬ȴͽһΪϾȻǿ󣬿ɿȰ벽ླǿߣͲླǿǰȴ縡
䣡
ǰⷭƬձ
ܿã˵ˣΨһĽ֣
ҵֻ¯ѹ죬ۻ롣
̩ǳ飬ȡ
֣ȲҪɱɱ̫ϳϵʹȥʱһҵȽ֮ߣ¼̣
̩ϵ
ҵԻ¯ɱ죬ʱԣ΢΢˫ۣ˵̩ĹʱʿԼ̵ֶΣͽǣҪȥ̩һۣʹҺģ
Ȼû⣬̩̩֮ͣ
̩ϵ
˵ţ̩ϳָ𶯡
ǿߣڻ걦һͬϯϰ˻ġ
ȹȻǳǿԶͬǿߣȴҲв
ϾΪ˿ɶǲĺԶ϶Էͬʱ˻걦սȻֵܵˣȻֻҲЩһˣβ㱻˵Ļ걦УǱ
ˣıȴû˿仯һƬĮ쳣侲
漴һ̣âһԿ˵Ļ걦̽ɻأֱ뵽ڡ
ôʱ򽫻걦ڣ
ǰ⡭
Ҫֿ𣿡
һĻһʿ¶֮ɫȻʱ걦


1397 նһ
л걦Ĳ༶ǿߵΧȻԼĻ걦ʹطһʿǺܲ죬ϻͽҲ¶֮ɫ
νĵֿ׼ˣ
ҵЦ
ɱ㣬̩༫ֶΣȫΪǿʿһһƷһ飡
̩Ϻ
̩ûʲôĿɭƿػ걦ӡ̩Ϻҵһ޾
һʱ䣬¡¡ģǿƿڻ걦ʮֲˡ
ӿɱ⣬캧˰㽫֡
ˣˣһ֮󣬽ѹ
ʿҡͷ
Ĺƣһۿ۷ˣǿ죬Ҳǲܵס
Ǽ˷ִ磬ʧɫ
һ̣ƥ˲Ϣǰ
ҵſҺĻ档
ҵЦ
쿴ˣ̫ˡ
ӭƥѹıû˿ı仯ɫ⽻֯һʯڷɳϽ֯ĹƵӡʼһֱɢĿԡ
ͣ
ѹ˷죬˲䱻ķ顣
ܣ
ҵϵЦһʱ̣¶ݡ
ô᣿
̩ϺͶҲűɫ
ͬһʱ䣬طһʿҲǱ龪䡣
༶ǿߣͬʱ߶걦Ĺɱƣ˲ͱˡ
˵Ŀȫϣͷŵʯ֮ϡ
ʯϣһܼķĽ֯һصĵӡƣͷ˿˿ƵԣεĻУһƥѹ֯ϡ

̲סг
˵ı鶼ˣһĿʯ֮ϣ𺧡
ǿԶ걦ı޵а
һȻƿȼı
Ծϵĵ֮ɫʱʧˡ
ͷʯ齻֯ԣΪ̩ɽµĹűصʱнأΪһ۷弶׿¹ۿռ٣ʱʱпѹɢķԲڵĿռ䶼һѹ֮С
㾹Ȼȼı
̩ҧ

̩Ҳɫѿ
̩޾£ΪڶεĴǿĵҲֻǲһƷεѣȻȴȻƿһ۷弶־ֺ
ȻҵҵʱɫҲǱòôÿҸƬΪȼĲ༶ǿߣҼİܣǿıȴҲֻһ۷걦ѣ죬һۿռʿȥûʲôȴƿһ۷弶ȶԱȣͻأļΪͲƽ⡣
ˣ
⽻֯һ
ͷʯ飬Իս壬ʱҵˣ˱ȥ
ղΧΧ֣ͦڣˡ
˵
ıսͬʱӦƿػ걦Ĳ༶ǿߣǣڳ£ǾͲһˣ۷弶֧ţʤˡ
һһӰͷʯ⣬һĨ˵
ΪһӮǣ
̩Ϻȵ
ɱ
̩ҧ
˽ԵĻ걦߶ĸǿţһμǿͨɱ
ͬһʱ䣬ҵһ֣¯𶯣굹ѹ졣
˺Ʊȸղǿ˼֡
ƬռֹסĻζƺһ̾Ҫֽ̮⡣
ֻǣȿµӭʯ鵴ʱȴͬһ̼䷢͵죬ֻһͱķ顣
ֱɫǸԴ߶걦ǿ󹥻ô׾ͱѹˣ
絽˽ǰʯԣ˿˿Ƶӿ۵ȭˡ
һ̧̣֣֮Ӷȭ𶯳ȭѵء
飡
飡
飡
ҵͬʱɣڿѪ˲һѺۡ
һĻطһʿļ£༶ǿߣ˲䱻ͬʱˣ
Ǿ۷ƣƿڵۿʿо˿µ
ﲻ׼ȷǿɲͨĵۿǿߣ
ԣȻΪǴڵۿ۷壬սԲȲڵ˲
ʿ
ϻһ߿ţסֻߴߴеͬʱǾȡ
ǣ
е
ղΪΣգĵĲУңȫû˵ǣҵˣǺ˷ܡ
ƿʯ飬ҵ˺󣬲˿ͣʯŹ⣬ѹϡ
¡¡ģѹֵϢһʱ佻֯ϵÿһ䡣
ҵ˴ʧɫæ걦ӭϡ
ֻǣ۷弶걦ԵЩգۼͱȫɡ
ת̫ľ߶ʯ飬һƬͬˮư㵴
ˮư㵴ԣֱڽϣ֮ѹ䡣
һʱ䣬۵༶ǿߣͬʱķѡ
Ѫˮһ㽦С

˴Ѫɿ䶯תۼؾ۶ŭ졣
ûʲô˵ģٴζ֣ʯһŴĿԣһѹϡ
¡¡ģϢƺƵ£̩ϵ˸һԲزˣٶȼ졣
ˣȴҲδȫܿɱʯĴһ˿ʹѪɡ
䣡
ŭܷתۼס޸塣
ɱ
˴ȫʩΪ걦ͨҲ֮һǺǿᡣ
Ȼ˿̳ȴ̫ǿˣʯһ𣬴ԣ̱㽫˵Ļ걦һɡң֮ʯһϵĹӡ·һ㣬֯ɱâٴϣʹһα顣
⣬ֱ£
طһʿ¡

Ŀ⡣
պ¡¡죬ӿԶҵһؾ۳
ҧɫѿһ̣ߡ
ǿˣһ̣۷죬˺Ҳʤ
һҲߡ
Į
ڵˣ飬ֻҪɱŹ
粽һʯϵĹӡԴŹâһʱ佫ʮռȫǿнҵ˵ȥ·ضϣת콣͸ʯʩչ֯Ľâÿһƥ˺ն¡
㡭
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬༶ǿһα顣

ŭֲͬӿȣתۼؾ۳
ȻǸոؾ۳Ĺһεˣ콣âٴѹ䣬½һ㣬ͬʱ֣һ顣

־ŭŲȱѪˣԶɿ顣
䵭ס̩Ķϣһ˲ǱƵǰ
̩ʱؾ۵һ룬Ƶǰʱɫ㡭

Įȫ߶ʯ飬۷ıѹ¡
ֻһ˲䣬һɻĴ̩֡
̩־ֿ֣ƴһֵͨ
Ȼȴã۷弶ѹ䣬Ϊ߶ޣȻԶӳ۷ܣȴ㹻£ֱ̩ϳͨһƬǿѹ˰㡣
ס
ۣ
Ѫըʯ̩ϣֱӽ֮ҵķ飬Ҳһ١


1398 
ѪˮƮڿУ̩ؼ䣬˽Բ
һ༶ǿߣôնˡ

̩ؾ۳ŭӣ̫ϳ֮߸벽ǿ⣬̩ֱʧһ༶ǿߣ
һ༶ǿ߰ϲ۷̫ϳڣֻ̩˶ѣȴôһˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҵҲؾ۳˸ɭâ㶢졣
鵭ĮûаĻһʯΪ֮𣬹ҫķ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģŤѣռ⡣
ʯʩչ콣ͬʱ֣ɫâ˻ġ
ȽâЩÿһնɱһۿǿߣ˿̺Ȼѹ£ֱնһƬƬա
̩ϺҵʱԴŭݣȴҲǴżɵӭ۷ն콣â˿⣬߶ԵĻ걦ͨ⡣
飡
飡
ɫâתۼնһУɣԴڿѪǱ
һ콣â͸ʯնѹˡ
ͬʱ֣ƮһߵѾն̩ϵĻ걦ӡеУ̧Ĩϵ̩ʶӡڡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
콣âѹһУʮռ䶼顣
̩ϺҵʵǿԵĻ걦߶˼ޣʮִһȴɲУ걦ɣ屻նķѣѪա
̫̫ǿˣ
۷弶ڵ˵ס⡭Ҳòڵˣһս
⡭
ʿļ¡
ܷӿطԭŲٴɽʱȴǼ̮ˣԳסҵԼ̩ϵս
飡
飡
һΣҵ̩ϱĺɣԴڿѪ鲼Ѻۡ
鵭Įһӿڶνʯ߶ޣʹ֮Ϊǿܣǿһ㣬ͬʱ̩Ϻҵѹ¡
ʯ߶ĵǰǿһƺˣ
ಣ
ʱһƿ𣬷ǳ̶
Զһڱ¯ΪҵĻ걦ٶȼ죬գǰ
漴ֻһ˲ѣ¯⣬ϢޱȻң̻һڻ¯
ϢֱӿС
ǣ۷걦ġԱ
˴󾪡
һ۷걦ԱǿǷǳֲģвླڵǿˡ
ȻǶݣ뵽ҵȻʱԱ۷걦ķǳΣ˿ܿҲʯҲء
Ϊһ۷弶ʤ棡ս£սҪսҪȻսս飬ȴԶҵɭ̵ڣʵʵɣⱾʯ飬ˣ
伺걦Իٹ̣ͷʹԻٵĻ걦죬ǵȻϢסʯƿֱܵӰ죬޷Чɱ˵̩ϣͬʱΪԻٵĻ걦˲俿ǰʹʱܣҲ޷ʯ黤壬ֱӳ۷걦ԱĿֲǵȻڵǿҲԳܡ
Ȼǿ󣬿Ȼ֮£Ϊܹţɣһ۷弶ʯ飬򽫹Уһ۷걦ȡһ۷оܻ㡣
֮ǰӦ̩ϵġʱɱ죬Ž̩ʩԼ̡£ȻǸ⡣

ЦĿⶾ۷弶Ļ걦¯ը
һƬضΪ֮ҡǲǲĴ飬쫷ϯϰ˻ģֱʮɽ飬Ϣ˲ϢʧӰ١
һʱ䣬ʿԱɫֱ
죡
ɫұ䣬̲סгǱͬɫϻâסѾǳ嵽սȥɫ˲һƬ԰ס
ʱ򣬷ȥսڵĵرϳһ޴ӣײطĵƶıˣǱŨɳǣڱҰ
ˣ
̩ϿǰǸطɳ֣ҰκζΨϢʧ˸ӦС
Ի۷걦ǰԱҵЦҲǸоϢʧˣʱƫͷƮڿеǲʯ飬һƾâֱֳ̧ʯץȥ۷弶ˣ
һ۷弶ֵǴĺܣ
ﬣ
̶һâԱ̳ɳֵմնֱӸ˿ռ䡣
۵һҵ̽ʯֱֱӱնը֮ϡ
ʱ䣬ȺһαɫƫͷԿâնķ
ҵĻ걦ԻٵĵطҲ췽ڡ
̳ɳתۼɢһɫգԼУһƾ˵ɫâϣһԭʼĸо
ûû𣡡
һʿʧɫ
漴һ̣ЩʿŻıűƵɢԭʼϢһɫ⣬Ǵ䣬̲ס
ǣǡĸ
ǡǺĸҷǳǣ˵еĺ쾧ɢ
쾧ִ˵жͱռʥ
Ѱ˺쾧ͳһ
⣬⡭
ʿȻ
Ժ쾧ʥɵıɲϽѱ٣ǿĳΣ
ռ屦ȻǴ˵еǿ߿Ҳۺ찡
찲ȻתΪϲʱҲ𺳣һȴ˵еռʥղϢʧΪ쾧ɵԼлסʱͬʱʹüϢĺĸ
ǰʵǾȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҵ̩ϸǺݺһһ̸ɫֱ䡣
㣬㾹Ȼ
ҵ۳ղնֱۣʱŻı־ŭͬʱмŨŨĽʺ̰Ҳû뵽첻һ۷弶ȻôһԴ˵еռʥ쾧ɵıеļֵԶԶ۷ȵˣ
쿴ҵĿ⵭ĮŶԷֶͻȻԱ걦ܣʯ黤壬ǵȻĺܿ£ѵ£һĻ걦ҲԳŲסֱӻ˱ԴɵԼС
Ժ쾧ɣ̶̳ȷǳˣžֵܹס۷걦Ի١
ʵϣϣɵȷʵҵĻ걦Ի٣ʹ˿Ҳ
ս㲻ôս飬ҲС
ҵĮ
һֱ̣Ӵ߶ɵѹԷ
һ⣬ɫĺĸӿֱӽҵ֡
ǿ̼ҵܵпռ䡣
ҵĿ㤣æܵޣҵʮڳͨдӭѹɵ
ߣһɵϢǿɫĺĸ嫺ڷ
͵һҵͨȫѹ顣
ɵƲɢϢøǿҵѹ䡣
ҵɫұ䣬ֻоضڳѹס֣ס֣
ĿĮû˿仯ֻһ֣
ֳڣɵǣһֱ̣ѹҵϡ

ҵҽУֻһ˲ը飬Ҳ֮һ


1399 ն
ĿѪˮƮУҵֱӱɵѹ˸飬Ҳһ٣ط˽Ǵ󾪡
áǿ
Ժ쾧ɵѣȻ͡
ɡ£
Ĳһڵǿߣֱӱɵѹ
ǵƣ溧ˣ
һ̣Щһ뵽һ¡ҵɱˣ
ҵǣǿǡҼİܰͣôɱˣ
˷
ĹңӺʱĳƬҲ֪ôƾõˣƬĽ⣬ڣ˸ǡȻһһֱϵҪԱҼİܣȴǱ˸նˡ
ǳ¼
ĵҼԻᱩŭһᱩŭ
һŭ𣬵ǿֲ
⣬⡭
طһʿǲɵ÷
Ȼ̩Ĳ༶ҲˣĿݣȻ֮ǰѾڹɱҵˣʱ򣬵ɱҵ̲סĲ
㡭̫ˣҼ׵Ҳɱ֣㴳

쿴ˣ鵭Į㻹ǵԼɡ
ˣɵʯͬʱɻߣ漴ŲŶԷȥ
ӭ̩ϵһֱ˴ء
Ҳʱһ㿿ǰû˿Ķֱɵѹ¡
ֻ̩ͷƤ飬޿ɱܣԼĻ걦ɵӭȥ
걦ΪһϽ֯Ƶƣһ̱⡣
תۼ䣬ɵײһ

һ촫֮ϳһѺֱۣӱɵĺǧԶ
漴ɵѹ䣬ֱ̩ϣԷѹķ飬Ψǿһֵı飬ͬһ㳯Զߡ
ֻǣôܷߣɵһһӿһɾ޴ڡ
ҳȥҳȥ
ֵĴӵڴ
Ρ

һɫֱⷭӽڵ̩ϵ顣
һ˲䣬طֱӰ
ȫȫˡ

༶ǿߣȫնңУһҵĴҼ׵ܵܡ
ȻϻͽʱҲľһ̣Բɵľҵ˸
Ŷ೤ʱ䣬༶ǿߣͱȫնˡ
ǰϣ쿴Զһ֣һ鲼ƺƵ˹̩ĴϵĻ걦ղűɵһѺ۷ɳȴǲûлٵֻЩѣҪ֮޸һѵ¡
ϵ̩ϵʶӡĨ֮Լڡ
ͬʱҲɵʯ漴һγڽǰ
̫ˣ۾ģЩ˼ĵУ鷳ˡ
ָȻҵ£Ͼҵһʼڴע⣬Ϊͷźҵսһɱҵɱҵ͵ƬĻĹңǸС鷳
һЦһ£ʲôҪ˵ǽеĻ飬زʶŮǵ鷳Ҳ֡
˵ʵǵ޹ŮˣٲȻ񼫵£ֻҪ㽫زʶİˣҲһ֣ԭ
Ҿ˵ܺãܻῴ˵ģǴˡ
Цĵ
Ц£û˵ʲôƫͷԶʯϵЩĹƣ˶ٺ֣Խɫ⻯ϵĹȫĨ
Щ֯ŷǳ˵ǳһȴƺˣԹĦͻѣѾвΪЩƶ֮ٵΪðȻЩƶѡ
͸ûٵɲʲôö
乾棬֮ǰͲΪЩƲ
û˵ʲôϻ񣬺ͶԷ򵥸
ϻͷӦأУ֮ǰΪˣлˡ
⡣

ϻ˼䣬Ž뿪԰Ĵȥ
һʿͽ뿪ıӰ˽Ƕ¡
ɡµˣ
˲

Ž䣬ܿ뿪ķսĵطԶн֯һ΢⣬Ժвϸֳ֮ǰʯϵЩơ
ʯϵĹƵ£ջû
ǳϻۣʱʲô
˶޷ЩƣֻԣʵϻǺܺġ


1400 㾳Զħ
Ž⣬ջûУȷһ£Ƭ԰ȷʵִ˵еĸ
ʯϵЩƣڲзţ޷ƾҲδõʲôʵԵĺôƾЩĹƣԿ϶Ƭ԰ȷʵһڸղЩƣλǸ괴ʱ
ţΪʲôô˵ôóۣ
Щ档
쿴Ӻ棺֮ǰǲЩȻʧܣ޷򣬲ӦøܵЩ֯һɣ
ǰĹƣԿ϶԰ȷʵһڸɣ
һûо
ۡ
춯ݣ䲻оЩ̵
ûио
ƭڲʱֻԴų⣬̶ܺصĴ󴴣ȷʵûиоЩʲô
΢΢üȥȷʵδое֮
ôأ
ҲûиоЩ̵ٰ
һ룬յʱжϣЩĦʯϵĹƵˣǻͶͽһ޷򣬶Ҳδ̵֮
ΪЩƵˣǶˣһֻţĸӦЩ̺Ӧöڵһʱڴ˵е޵ӵһ𣬶ǻ¶һЩ˿ɵʱȴδ
ǵЩ˵ı飬ȥƺֻΪĦⴴľ㤶ѡ
£΢Щ
ιһ£棬̺һ֮
ᵽµǺϾǺʹ˵еڸйء
Ĵ˵ʱΣ˵̽ݶһһڿֲ
С
Ƶһ¡
ʱӳԾ
ô˵ôЩƣȷʵλǸ괴ʱƵϣȷʵôһ޵еԾ죬֮ɫŨΪʲôЩֻһ̵֮ܲҲֻһ˸оˣ̫˰ɣ
ҡͷԼҲɻ󣬶Դȫס
ȴҲǲûжԴ˶룬ŽƬ԰λȥ
ܿ죬ʱȥ߹ط
ҵû
԰λȥĹУʼɢѰпܴĵطʱ򣬽俪ڣ
УҲаæȴ
ûС
ҡͷ
ܣŽǰС
Ҳʱⷽ԰ڣطһԾΪԵۿռΪնɱ̩ླϺҵ´˿ȥƬ԰ڵʿԾЩʿ𺳵ǣƿһڿµıΪ쾧ɣ
ˣȻѰ˴˵жͱռʥҴһ
쾧ȴ˵еռʥɵıֵʵ̫ˣٲȻһǿĳΣȻǴ˵еˣҲ޷ƽ
ϣһڵΣ
Ĳ
ң԰һЩΪǿĴǸǴ˱֮ġ
ͬʱնɱҵǿߺ;Ժ쾧£Լٶȴ԰⴫˳ȥƬһһʿΪ֮󾪡
Ĺҡ
Ժʱ󴫳һ㣬һƬɽȺУĵһǽ̻ԻͣһƮϣɶΰ
ʲô
һŭĴҼõԼ׵ܾܵɱˡ
ңǱһۿռɢɱ
Ķ
ڲ۷壬һԶˣ߳壬԰
ңһڵҼһˣҲɱ԰
ҵǰ԰ѰڸȴȻ˸ɱˡ
˭֪ҵֱϵĴҼ׵ܵܣ̵ƽ붯ҵҲõһ£һɢȴɱ֣

һϽɱȻ
ͬһʱΣ̩ڣһ̫ϳϳ㾳δԱչ֪߳䳽նŭֲɱҪƷ

㾳ֻһ֮ң̩߳ŭڣɱ⾪졣

԰ϣεܳҡ
Ž䣬԰Ѱطȴɲҵпܴĵطûκһ˿ջ
ԴˣһҲ꣬Ҫôһ޴԰Ѱڴ˵еĸܻô򵥡
ŽƬ԰ܿԽɽǰһ޴Ŀ󶴡
ͣ£
ͻȻڣһץסֱۣǰǿڿ󶴶һ¡
棬ֹסŲ䡣
Ҫһͷ㾳Զħޣ֮ǰҿ
С
ԣʱݡ
֮ǰ˵԰ͷ㾳ԶħޣһͷǰǿڿУ
оȥûкŨ
ü
طǿڿ󶴣󶴷ǳԿУȴǲûиокС
ͷħƺڳ˯֮ǰҾʱǡɿоҵ㾳ϣѹķǳͣ£ǲӦû
ȻҲ˵ʲôŽСĵĺˣƿⷽ󶴼Զ󣬷Ǽ԰λöȥ
һʱȥͽ߹Ƭ԰طȴδѰڴ˵еĸ
ײˡ
乾档
ң̣͵ɽˮˡ
˵
ʱͽһĹŴɽ߳ͽУǰȥ
ݣ
ͻȻպһ֧ȾѪӲԶһɽͷٶȿ켫ᴩһռֱ׼üġ
춯ݣһǳ£ԿһɱͨĲླǿߣëӭķüľֱһɾҵʹ·һѾ뵽ü֮ڡ
ȻˣķӦٶȴǲδܵӰ죬Ž䣬ԵھصǲǧԶͷֻܿɱ
䣡
ɱĵطֱӱ˴أ¶һ׵ĺڶ
ԶĴɽһȻгֵ˶ܹܿղ֧ɱЩ⡣漴һ̣һɽֳ߳һű֮ϱ鲼ŸƵƣȻһ۷弶Ļ걦
ң˱ϢҲǿ󣬴ڲС̨׵۷Ρ
ܹɹܿղһˣȻڲླҲǳ٣С㵱ܲ˿죬дһ˿˿âһ˲Ǳâ̰ɭȻ쾧Լǲʯ飬ȫ


1401 
ҵ˵սƿһ۷Լк쾧Ѿ¶ʿۺ죬ʵǿ˽˱˼
ȻЩеһˣȥֻʮңʵȴȻˣҲңѰ죬ҪȡʯԺ쾧ɵɵ
ʵʵĽɷһϣ֣ӦΨ
һɢޣȴǿ󣬾ǳǿᡣ
ɱң
쿴˵
ĿĮΪɱڵ˾ͺ˲𣬲㲻ʲô֮Ͳڵһսڲ۷ıǰʲôˡ
һԡ

ʵϣȻܸоǰǳǿȻ۷弶ҲǶ֣ϾԷѾҪﵽ۷ˡֻȻˣȴҲԷʾǲԸ
᲻ϧҪѰ·
䣬ٶ˵ʲôֱӶˣл깭ѹ졣
וּһʵĽХֱӽܵһľ顣
ûд⣬ֱӽʯ̫ľתϵĹӡȫɢҵԣӭˡ
䣡
ߵײһ𣬵ˡ
ֻ򵥵һײļɽֱӱ٣ɳʯľɽ
۷弶˫Ŀù
гӿ
쵱оɽѹҪﵽ۷ˣĺǿǿֻ壬һ۷弶壬Ի˲䱻顣
ֻǣɫıȴûа仯ʯ⻪ţһѹϡ
䣡
ҵܷмɽ˶顣
ǿĲӣݳȥԶ
һʱ䣬⸽һЩɽ䣬ʿ볯
ʲô
ڴս
áǿĲ
ȥ
ߣ
ܿ죬ʿ
ú˸ϵǰͺս¶ľ֮ɫ
Ǹˣǡ֮ǰɱҵ̩ϵǸˡ
˵Ŀϣͫ׵һ
ûǡǸˣ
˽һ
ǰһ֮նɱҵ̩೤ϣ˶ˣѾǴķۿһս˴ʶӻȻ֪ģʱֻһ۱˳
һˣ˭
ڡ
ôǸսһ𣿺񣬲Һ̩ǿߡ
ƺһɢޣӦǡΪǸϵǸ
쾧
Щʿ˲뵽¡
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰսУⷭӿ𶯰˻ġ
ͺսһȻȺϵȴδ̫⡣
Ǻ΢òѰ죬ҪȡϵرȻ뱻˿Χۣǻǿߣ˺ǻ鷳ɲ뿴·
սپ
ͳ
һгؼʱĹ۶׷ͬᣬƺƵĳûȥǿЩˡ
ȼ£նΪ֮Ťƺһ̾ͻԶϵʿľļֱֲ̫ˣϾﲻơ
ͷʯ黤壬ӡֱݻɫͼ
ͬһʱ䣬ȡһϱ鲼ӡһڴѺۡ
ʯ߶ӡӭӵͬʱҲѹԷӡڵֶɲǼʹɢϢûҡ
һɻϢɢң걦˲俿˵Ľǰ
ط˽Դ󾪡
Ǻ꣬һʱɫ¶㤵ı飺㡭Իٻ걦
̩ã֮ǰһ˿Ѻۣȴһڻ걦ʱ֪սʤԷֱӼڻ걦Ի١
ΪӡԻٵǰԻϢֱʱű¶ʱ䵽˸޷ܿɫ˲òҰס
ը
³ôһ֡
һըֱʮ

ҽУûңȻϢܸԶ
ܵһƬƬգ
һȻôĻٵһ۷걦ҡôͻȻ
䶯ݡ
¡¡ģը飬Ϣ֯ʮ
ֱȥãϢɢȥѵĲӣ걻ը飬ΨǿȴҲǲȱˣĳը
⽫طһʿĸһֻüΪ֮ʵû뵽ôԻһ۷걦תۼ佫һڵǿըֻʣ²ȱ꣬ȻѾûжԶˣϢѾ㡣
ɱң
쳯ȥ콣
ʱ¶Ŀ־壬ֱӵͷӡ
ڸղĻ걦ԻУܻѾǿˣʱ˥㣬ܵס죬ӣֻһ
ߣһǿ˹ȥе콣ն£
־壬еס
ͣ
һ촫˲䱻ն
һڵǿߣȻ
ܣһʿĲ
Щ˿ųе죬˲ɵһ
ڽߣߡ
뱻Χۣʱ׼뿪ˡ
Ҫˣ°ɡ
һ
ԶһŮӣģű¶ȥʮһңȴǺܲɣȻһõϱ
Ůһ˲ߵǰٶȺܿ죬ǿƥѪǳĺˡ
в۷Σ
ϻŵĲļһ̫ϳϣ˾Ȼˣ
˱ɫ
ϻΪǵڶεĴǳһ̫ϳϣƬʿȻ֪
춯ݣŮӣов
Сһҷߡ
ļ˺ܶ꣬ȴһֱŮӵò̸̬ʮ㡣
ʹһʿֶݣȻ׶ԷĻеġָʲôָɺ쾧ɵı
ȻҲŮӵĻֱӣ붼롣
ܽɵȥʱŽ䣬׼Լ뿪
ǣֻжˡ
ļ΢˫ۣǰȥ
һǿϢȻѹ졣
ҲʱԶգλóһߣϢǿᣬȶ

ɱ˿ҲΡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϷλӰ֣ٳΪ׵һӣɱˣһɱ
̩̫ϳϣСĹҵļҵĸϡ
طһ˽ɫ󾪡


1402 㾳ħ
ʿһ̺ϻŵ̫ϳϲļ̩̫֮ϳҲˣǲ۷ĴڣĹҵļˣĸڵҳϸһ𣬽ΪֱǱľ氡
ԼҲǶݣȻ֪Щ˶ǲ⣬ҪôΪ˶ɵҪôǴΪɱһߣԣΣ֡
һ̣ûκγɣŽ䣬ֱӼھصǲһ糯Զȥ
һڵˣԻһڻ걦ɱ֮ɶôһȺˣȴȫû濹ֻܿٶȶߡ
⡭
áÿ죡ٶȡ
ٶȣԿȲ۷ǿˣˡ
˴󾪣Ϊʱչֳٶ
ӣ룡
̩̫ϳϺһ׷˳ȥ
ҼɱȻȻҲ׷˳ȥĸҳ֮ٶȺܿ졣
ϻŵĲļ΢˫ۣȣƬӰٶȱ̩̫ϳϺҼҪϲ٣ǳˡ
ֻת۶ѣһ˱뿪λúԶ
䣡
̩̫ϳϸռɱ⣬Ĵձ飬з֯Уѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҼҲ֣ǲ顣
ϻŵĲļҲڳ֣Ʋ񣬴һᣬķ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģҲ֪ر١
ŽɿԶݣһ˵ĹȻܸоǳ£ҲͷƤ顣Ͼп۷ǿߣΪ̫ࡣ
ʯ黤壬סԼԶݣȴδ˵Ĺȫܿת۾˲ˡ
ʵ׷ɱں̫ǿˣΪȻ۷弶壬Ҳ޷׵סЩ˵Ĺ
죬ҰɣԼӡ
ʱ˵
ԶݣٶȻܿ죬ȴԱȲ۷״̬ʱãǷſٶӦûԶ㿪Щˡ
ҡͷȻһˣٶȷʵһЩǣôʱ򶪿䣬ʱ½䣬ǽԷ̨̩̫ϳϺҼ˾ԻΪһĹϵɱ֡
ȥǶģңԻš
伱
ҡͷô
ܹɱˡ
ҼİҲҶĶ
һϺ
Ҽ׷ǰûʲôеɱȴޱŨ
ɱ
̩̫ϳɱ⡣
ϻŵĲļһ֣ͬȴǲɱ⣬һֱע죬׼Żɵ
ʯ黤壬ŽԶݣʱʱⴴɫò԰ࡣ
ͬʱУ;вʿһĻ˶Ϊ֮󾪣ɵö¡
Ǹˣն̩ϺͶϣɱҵˣڣڡڱ׷ɱ
Ҽĸҳϣ̩̫ϳϣϻ̫ϳϣ⡭
Ǹˣ㱾ǿҲס
˲
һ·ɶݣܴԽԽأʼ˦ҼˣҾ뱻ԽԽлһĹ⣬Ž䳯һ̶ķȥ
ɱӵĺǣҲ
̩̫ϳϵͺ̧նƬɱ⡣
ǿָˣɱܼ
ʹѪȻ۷弶壬Ҳ˲Ĵˡ
ٶȴûʼһ̶С
ˡ
ľôܻ
ľ档
;ʿһĻҡͷ
֪Ժ쾧ɵ˭С
˵
һ·ӶݣҲ֪˶ãǰһڿ󶴣һȥģеЩʲô
ֱӳǿڿڳȥ
죬ǣ
ʧɫ
ڿڣǳ˯һͷ㾳Զħޣ֪һ㣬ʱȴֱС
롭
׷ɱҼˣԼµЩʲô
˵
촫
ٶȺܿ죬ޣǵһֱӣԻᱻҼ׷濹⣬ǲһ˵Ķ֣Ϊ˴Σ֣뵽ֻһǽһڳ˯㾳ħ޵ĿЩ˵ɱͷԶħ޴ӳ˯뵽Ул롣
ȻôܻΣգϾͷ㾳Զħ޿ɲѣһŭҲѡ
ûбİ취ˣַֻһѣ֮Ѱ·
ٶȺܿ죬Ž䣬ѹͼϢܿⷽǰһ޴ĺڿߣޱȣʶҲֻעʱܹоһޱѹֵĲ
ǡͷħޣǸλá
䴫
żȻеԶħ޷ǵôŵλá
Ȼµ£ʱͣǰУֻһ˲ѣҼ׷ǰȴϻŵĲļ⣬˽ԴĿɱ⣬ֱӻӶɱ⡣
ʱ¡¡ģɱâƺƵѹ졣
дĹ⣬ŵھصǲЩɱ⣬ʹЩɱֱӴƬڿڣܻȻը󶴶ڻζ
ܳŶã
Ҽһǰ
̩̫ϳϱɱǰ̽ץ죬񱩵ɱƺҪһжݻ١
ϻŵĲļҲץ죬дžâ֮ҪΪɵ

⼸ϸһ֣תۼ絽ǰɱĻꡣ
Ҳһ̣һޱȿֲⷽƬڿڣһ˫޴˸¶Ȼһͷһ˫ͫɭˣڤ
𣡡
һдУ㾳Ŀɲѹɡ
ΪĹϵ֪һͷ㾳ԶħޣղҲǹҼ˵ɱ⾪ͷħޣ֪Էһᱩŭһ׼ʱֱӽɵޱȼ̵ĵԼͽȫ֣ʯ黤壬˫ػֱӳֻͼ
Ҽ̩̫ϳϵȴǲȻЩ˲ֻ֪ǹ죬ʱκη˫ĿԲ¶𾪺Ϳֻŵı顣
ɲǶѣ͵˳ֱӽҼȫǡ

ҽеһʱѪ½䣬̩̫ϳϡϻŵĲļԼҼѣԱĺɣѪˮ鲼Ѻۡ
ҲѣΪȫķֻͼʯɵ˴ɱ֮ʹȻҲˣҼ˶ԣȴҪϲ١
ߣ
ҧʱ򲻸ȥͷԶħޣɿ콫Ϣѹ͹ȣžҵʹҼ˽˺ɵһ̣ʯɵ壬Žֱӳſȥ


1403 
㾳Զħʵ̫ˣֻһѣȴɾкŵƻ̩̫ϳϺҼ˸شֱӲ
һ׼˴ֻͼʯ飬˼ޱȵɵȴˣо嶼Ҫˡ
ҧŻܶҼ˺ɣԼٶȴŽ֮⣬̳˳ҼͷֲԶħ޾Ҳδֻ֣Ƭ̶ѣŽ˿֮⡣
ֱʱǸһͷһۣҲǻͷһۣĳЩ£ͷԶħޣ⾹һơ
ڳ˯ǡɾͻƣ
ͷһͷԶħޣڳɾ
ͫ΢ݣĿһĻ֣ͷԶħһЩ
ͻɾҪͷ޷֣ղһѾǻἫӰͻƣԣδҶ֣ӳ󶴡
һ˲䣬³ࡣ
䱻ţȻҲͷħ޵һܴ֮ȴ˵ĲأʱĿ⿴Ƭ̺ҲһЩϵ¶ɫ
ȻѾǸͻˣ
Ծ
Ҽ˵ķǳأվǶţʱҲǷ˿Զħޣһǲɵһɿ־塣
ǰǰҡҵȲţ£
̩̫ϳϵǹѣʱ򿪿ڣǸоǰԶħ޵ĿֲǵϢ궼
һͷ㾳۷ĿֲڣѾҪ뵽ɾˣȼ࣬Ժɨɾһˣֲ˷ָȻǻĹҵļʱҲһ̿֡
򡭡ŵޣˡҵȵ³çҵߣϾ뿪
Ҽ񣬻ˡ
Զħһʱɻţ޴ӸҼˣ󵱼¶̹Ǻɫ⼸ϲ˺͸ղչ֮ɱһϢЩɱڳɾ˲СӰ졣
𣡡
żˣʱΪڳɾĹУ޷ַһŭ
һʱ䣬ֲɱٴκƵ

ҽըĸڵĳԭشʱһ֮ըҲδ⣬һ顣
̩̫ϳϡϻŲļҼΪڲྵ۷壬ǿһ֮±סǲԴ궼ǹˣֱӸ˿󶴵ķΧ
ɡÿ£ֻǴѣ͡
⣬Ĳ
Ҳľ֣ͷԶħһӻЩȻղһ𣬶䱾ɾҲӰ졣
ڣԶħӱ䣬棬ɨ죬ٴα޷ٿһУҲǱģ
ֻоͷƤ飬һͷͻƵɾԶħһƳȻҲ̲סĲ
Զħ޵ӰܿƽЩǰĿ󶴣н֯΢⣺ڣӦпӡǿķưɣ򣬲ܵסͷԶħ޵δ𡣡
ʱĲҽд̩̫ϳϡϻŲļҼ⣬һ˴Զѵ޸
ѭȥ˴˿̵Ĳ״¶Цֱӳ˱ȥ
Ҽ޸壬ǿ޸ãʱŭɶ
ǹǽǿڿУ
ҼŭʱȻΪǡǿڿ󶴣ǡһͷҪﵽɾ˵Ŀֲħޣֲɵӡ
Ρ
Ц
Ҽŭ콫ǿڿ󶴣ֱʧĸڵǿߣҲǲ
ʬΣ
ŭɱⰻȻһ絽ǰ˫붯΢⣬졣
ߣ̧Ⱦһţݺؿڡ
һҼֱӿѪɡ
ƾڵ״̬һۿճڵʿ㣬Ҳɱ
Ц
㡭
Ҽ־ŭ
ͬһʱ䣬ϻŲļ̩̫ϳҲɫ˵ĺأ˿̵״̬ҼһȻҲⴴȴԶԶû˵أʹ˿̵սԣԶʤǣ
£ûκһĻֱӳԶߣٶȷǳ죬һαʾɡ
ͬʱҼҲҳɣܶɱޱŨңȴҲ֪״̬κβ죬¼пܷնɱҲϻŲļ̩̫ϳһ㣬Զߡ


1404 նɱȫ
ҼϻŵĲļ̩̫ϳȫˣٶȼ죬˲ȥԶΪ״̬ܵס졣
䵭ͽһǿĽƻȻ˲仯һ쫷硣
죬̼ѣӳԶֱӱȫ˻
ླ۷ǿߣۿվʿӸʲô
˵һȥ˿ҲԼɱ⡣
ʱȫ˼صˣʵѾûжԶˣսʱԶԶˡ
㲻Ҫ̫⣡ȻҵشҲΪɱǣ
̩̫ϳҧɭ
𡣡
쿴ˣһ˹ȥԣ漴ֱһȽߵڵأĵرݺݲ¡
̩̫ϳϿѪ־ŭС󡭡
̧ȣһϣֱӴ˵Ļϲİ鳣
㡭
ˣ
ʯâţٴδ˵ĻʱֱӴ߶۷
ɱڵǣ˵Ǻܼ򵥡
Įĵ
䣬һʯֱӳ̩̫ϳѹ£ֱڶԷϡ
۵һ̩̫ϳֱӱķѡ

δʱŭԻŲȱԶ룬ɿ顣
ֻǣڽǰȻĻᣬ׵һʱ份ֻͼҲһͬʱѹ£̩̫ϳϵһ֡
ʱ䣬̩̫ϳϷĲҽУ׺ֻͼһѹƣĸҲһıѣôá

ʮһͲʵĲҽд̩̫ϳ׷ٻٵһɶֻͼѹ֮³׵ı顣

һ۷壡
ۡ
֪̩̫ϳ˵ķǳأսԶԶȲ۷״̬ʱɼʱնԷȴ̲סԾ
ϾǺôҲһླ۵ǿ
ͬһʱ䣬ҼԼϻŵĲļҲǶɫԲɵö¡
һ̣ವƿû˿ͣ٣֮ǰٴԶݡ
Цʯ콣ֱӽض˵ȥ·ء
Ӳˡ
ĵ
˵һһɫ۶ʯϢǿˣƺնһУҼԼϻŵĲļȥ
ϢһʹҼͺϻŵĲļǲɵһΪǴ˿̵״̬ԣ˿̼Ƚв
λѣһֱûɱ㣬û㶯ɱ⣬ֻһʱͿѣɷ飿ȻΪǸ⣬ҿԸĲҪʲôֻҪҺϻУһΪ쵽
ļʱ˵Ȼ
飿ƫͷȥÿ𣿡
ԷѾǲݵĽ֡
ûκԥеĽɫֱն¡
۵һļըѪˮĽ
δ𣬴žŭͿ־壺㡭

ֻôһ֣ʯֱѹ£ļķ顣
һתۣطླ۷ǿߣֻʣҼһˡ
Žɫ񽣣ˡ
ˡ
Į
Ҽɫ࣬˸⣬һٴζߡ
һΣٶȱղͻȻ࣬ϢҲǿ˲٣ȻĳǿмǱܡ
ಣ
ֻɲǼѣԷȥ˼Զ
ÿ죡
΢
ıȴ˿䣬ԽɫŽ䣬̧ȱ׷ȥ
ŵھصǲٶȺܿ죬ȵĸҼͬʱ̫ڷɿתѪɫԼٶȻָ
֮ǰ׷ɱ׷ɱô֣ڣô˵أǷˮת
ЦŵŽ׷ҼһּɨƬĽ
ҼɫѿѱܿĽԶݡ
ʱʩչһڼһǿ˼Ϣٶȣ޷ʱ֧ţֻάְӣӺϢ˥䣬һḶһЩ΢ĴۡȻˣ˿̵ٶȴҲԶԶ޷ͼ۷ʱȣʱ򾡹ΪĻǳŭȴ˿Ҳͣ١
׷ʱʱնһĽ⣬գնҼ
ҼҧԶݣȾѪ
תۣһǰһǿʮĴɽʿǿһĻ
ǣǡ
ҵļСǸɱҵ̩ϵǸˡ
ǸˣȻ׷ɱĹҵļ
֮ǰҼ׷ɱ𣿿ȴȻڱ׷ɱңȴҼ⣬֮ǰǻҼϡ̩̫ϳԼϻŵĲļҲ׷ɱ𣬿ȴҼһڱ׷ɱǼϣ̩̫ϳϣǸļ⼸ˣȥˣ
棬ѵǼǿֱϵϡ̩̫ϳԼϻŵĲļЩ˶Ѿ˸ɱˣ
ôܣ̩̫ϳϺͺϻŵĲļɶǴڲ۷壬Ǽ϶ǴڲڣôһȺ˺һôܻᱻǺɱٱ̬Ҳվֻвŵۿ۷ΪԵۿ۷Ϊôɱ۷ǿߺĸڵǿߣ
ǡڣҼ׷ɱʧˣǱǺɱ𣿡
⡭
һĻʿԲһֲ롣
ﬣ
̶Ž׷Ҽʯ鷢⣬콣߶ʵĽ𣬴ƬĽɫƵնҼ
ҼɿܣȴȫܿһᴩѪˮ
ɫ࣬һ޸һ߼ɶݣͬʱ;һʿ󺰣λѣһ֮ԸħͷԺұظмйžǿ걦ͨҩģλҪʲôܵõ
⻰һʿǲɵöݣâΪǰλǸ޾µĻĹҵļﵽһļЩϵδ·ضһ˳ô
ˣط˶ݣ˾âȴվû˸ҶϾʱѾǴ˳ȥƿ۷弶ƾۿվΪնɱླǿߣˣһˣ˭ǰȥǣ
˸ǰҼɫ࣬ŭӡ
ҲʱٶͽȻǣɫ磬˲ǿǰ
㡭
ˣ
ֱӳֻͼʯ飬ߺһҼѹ漴ؾӡͼһݵһûԷʶ
ҼֵĽͼûʶֱӳꡣ
ֲѣʲôס֣ס
һҽУһ̣ҼеֱɢǻţʶеȴǱӡֱӸˡ


1405 һ׺
Ҽõıֻ걻ȻΪ֮Ͼһླ۷ǿߣ̺Ѫ⾫ǷǳˣƿصʥУҲܿ뵽벽༶Ρ
ִ̧һ⣬ʯڡ
ʬ¸
ɻ
á
򵥵ԽɫŽ뿪
ܿ죬߳Զ
ܣһʿĿȻĲ
ҵļ
ļ¡
ĹңԺʱ񣬸޾£Ƭ˸ǡ
һļȴ㱻նɱƬ԰֮ڡ
Ǹˣ˭ôô󵨣Ȼɱҵļ
⼸ϣϻŵĲļ̩̫ϳϣ⼸֮ǰҼһ׷ɱڿǼӦöѾնˡ
⡭̫ˣ
Ȳ˵̩ͺϻţ̫ϳ϶նˣƻǸηˣǻĹȴԲưոݰϾһļɱˣһôܻǸ˻ȥ
ң㾳ǿ򣬻Ǹˡͱ찡
һʿļ¡

Ž뿪ƬطʱѰһεڣһ¾󣬷ǽҼȡ
ʩʥķѰʱ佫֮Ϊӵۿ۷ﵽ벽ΣĲླ磬ֻ벽֮ң
꣬涼ǿ˲١

طת̫ľ̰벽ླεΪֱȥְ²벽ླΪȹ̣Ž뿪
໣
𣡡
԰ǳʱʱ쳹գĴضҡ
ͽⷽ԰ϣת߹ʱ䣬һͻȻһϢ԰ڴ԰λõһɽڣ˷һƬ׺ռλ÷ǳԹų棬һʱ԰ʿǱɫ
һƬ׺
⣬ѵǡ
ڴ˵еĸĴ֮أ
ֻת۶ѣ԰÷ʿ볯԰ĳȥ
ͽȻҲϢݡ
ߣȥ
ǳϣֱӳſɫ⣬⽫֣Լٳ԰Ĵȥ
֮󣬴ԼȥʱŽⷽ԰λãһ۾Ϳʿ񶼺ܲףڳͬһɽȥ
ɽûжֲȴǷǳĸʣɽŵһƫƧλһɽߣطʿʱȫͨɽ߳ɽڲ
ûгɣŽ䣬һαǳǿɽ֮ڡ
ɽԵЩ谵ͽУһ·ɽȥ
漴ģܵĿռÿҲǸſʼǿڲ֪뵽һƬĿռһڣϵǳɫĻʯһҵĺⷽ
ѭȥвʿǸ壬ͬʱԼ֮䣬Ǹλϸоһɰ絽֮ǰǷʯϲ򵽵Щ̺ƣȴǿͬһΡ
н֯âŽ䣬ٶȸ죬ֻһ۱
ȥǰؽڣн֯磬еĳѪɫеĳֺɫһɫɫɫֲͬɫʵϽ֯ǸλãҲ֪˶ķΧһͷͷĹз
⡭ǣ
ۡ
ǰһĻʵЩ׳ۣһĺ
Ȼ죬ʱҲǲɵöݣǰһĻ

ҽдһʿƬ׺̲סƬ׺һЩֱѣǹƥϢ飬ͬҲһٵ
⣬Щ
ǿߣֻԿһЩδ룬ͱ⡭ҪУ˭ܳܵˣ
棬̺ڴ˵и
ٷ֮İ
ǣ
طʿ񶼺ܻ񣬴ʱֱĶƬ׺
󣬽ģվ˳Ϊһ𼶱ǿߣһ۷弶챦СĿǷ׺ɽ֮ǰǿһƬ׺ǰǱ׺ĿֱֲӸ𣬻õ۷챦Ҳһ
⣬𼶴ڶ
طһʿȻ
̲סǲĺˣվԶλùۿǷ׺
վԶ۲׺еľɫøŨǿʱҲǲɵΪⷽ׺Ŀ
оȻһ㾳ĲڣҲܲǷ׺


1406 ׺
һǰ֯ŲͬɫʣϢˡ
춨Ƿ׺ֻеÿһƵ绡׻ٵһ㾳Ĳڣص־һ㡣
޵еУȷʵ棬Ⱦ˭ȡĵ

ȻΪǿȴȻܹоǷ׺жôֲ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյ𣬷ǳӰԶϢԺˡ
ǣɵ峤ϡϺ߳ϣǲླڵĴڣ
ʿϳˡ
漴һ̣ƿҲǿߵˣˣǲڵǿߡ
⡭Ҳˣ༶
ʿֶݡ
ɵ̶ǿߵˣǣĹӦҲǿ߸ɣ
Ѿһļҵڵĳϣ۷ҼԵˣֻ˸նˡ
ԣһʱˡ
˵Ǹδ֪˵ʲô̫ǿˣ̫ˣĹҵļɱǡ
Ƶðҵڶŭǿһ㾳Ĳڰ
ۡ
ʱͽվһܲ۵Ľ䣬ﲢû˷ˡ
İҵϲɣ㾳ϼһǿֲĺܡ
һʿۣСֹ
㾳Ǹ֪һ̫ϳϣƻϼˣϾǵļˡ

һļնϱ𣬼İټƬ԰ڻڴ˵еĸ۴һһ嶼ǿɱ
˵⻰ϵıûһ˿һı仯ֱֱĿǰƬ׺
ǸطϺں죬ֲͬɫʵ罻֯ţһƬҲ֪˶ôķΧʱʱžĵ绡ͺ¡¡
нɫ⽻֯о˺֮ǰǴʯϲЩƵϢԽȥϸϸָоԽԽԡ
ɵ̵ĳϣ׺ˣ
һǰ
ȥɵ̸һϼǿʱˣǷ׺Сƶͬһʱ˻걦
һʱ䣬ʿĿⶼϡ
̵ǿߣǴڲླڣܿǿ׺ɴ
ѾԽ֮ǰǸǿ߿ľ룬ǲڵǿ
֮ǰһǿ߿׺ɴ𣬶ʱɵ̵ߵ׺ɴò˶ݡȶҲֻһ˲ѣϾ˿ɶǲڵǿߣȼǿ߿ɱʿǿˣȻܱʿƬ׺
֪ܲܿ絽׺ǰ׺֮ڡ
ȷƬ׺о޵ĴУֻҪܽȥضԵõ
ǿɲһܷõУҲÿܲܳסƬ׺ڵЩ硣
һЩʿֱֱۣĿɵ̵ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ǿҲڿˣԵúܽӿȻ׼һκ쳣ͽһǿ߸
˷ǳǿ󣬲Ҫ뵽Ƭ׺Уܾò̫ܡ
Ҳڿɵ׺ˣʱҡͷ
Դûбʲôȥע̺ɵˣĿʼǷ׺ϣһƽɫ⽻֮֯ڣĹĦ׺
һΣʮȥ
ɵ̵ʱ򿿵׺󣬽ǲٴˣͷĻ걦ھҵĲɿһѺۡ
ͬʱǰ׺𶯣ֲϢͬһ
ɵ׺ĲླϵͷĻ걦̼ķѣԲɵÿȳһѪ˲Ϣ䲼Ѻۡ
ˣ
׺ʮɴɵ˵ǿͬʱȵԶ֣ɿϿ׺ĸһĳϣ
䣡
׺⣬ͬһĻˮһ㵴


׺ɵϺ̳ϸԲҽУը鿪
ˣҲһ顣
⡭
ǿڵǿ߰ôˣȻҲ޷Ƿ׺
ҪεΪܽУ
طʿɫ䡣
ɵ̵ɫѿ֪Ƿ׺ܿ£һֱھţֻҪһһ˿Σգ̶ֽ֮ءʵϣҲȷʵôģȴû뵽⾹һҲûУǷ׺ֱֲ˷ָֻ˲ͽ𣬸ûصĻᡣ
Ҿ˵ѹûϣ
ԶƫƧֹ
ԱߣʼڹĦǷ׺ʱеĽɫ࣬ңԼ䣬һ绡ֽ֯һ˫ͫ
䣬ȥǷ׺һˣҴǰҸط
ڣԽ
ʲô˫ۣĸ첲侲֪⣬ƺʲôرҪҲ֪ȷʵʲôĴУǣ̫Σ˰
ղŵҲˣڵ뿿δͱǷ׺ɢϢȻܶȻǿ󣬶ں壬ҲÿסǵȿֲϢ͸Ҫ˵Ƭ׺ˣ׺ǿɾ͵óЩֱӺˣɼǿҲһܵ˰
֪ǵİȫ޷зִ硣
վĹĦǷ׺ܹоǷ׺Ŀֲ󣬽ģʱƣȥĦⷽ׺ֶڡ׺ֲ֪ܿɴڣǡΣոСȴԽԽʱһɷǳֵĸоƺԲκηƽصֱӿС
ָоЩѣȴô˳ڣԴʱƺǷ׺һĪ־ںƵġ
ٴοڣýѰһεطΪ˸ϵ˽䣬ʱȥ׺ڲԣض·һ
俴죬֪Ѿ¶˾Ľ׺УƺȷʵаգյͷСİȫҪ˵꣬ɨܱߣİѹסϢܿƶһǳεĵط
طղźλøӲۣһ㲻ȥע⡣
쿴Žյ˵ͷ漴һǿ絽׺ʮɴ漴ڵرͽУĳǷ׺ȥ
ǣ
ǸɱҼĺˣҲ
ҲΪ޵׼ⷽ׺
ܣһʿʱ¶ݡ


1407 ƽ
׺⣬ʿǱɫʵʱֵЩ󣬽Ҽնˣʿľɵ
ȻɵԼ̵ǼڵĳϼǿߣΪһոʧһ༶϶ۣʱ죬ȴҲǲĽĿ΢ȻƬ԰Ѿ˵쵱ɱҼ¡
ҼǿǺɵԼ̵ƽͬȼĴڣ˵Ǹܵľͷ֮һɱҼˣȻܻ᲻⡣
벽ࡣ
˿죬ʱ򿴳Ϊ󣬲ɵý΢΢üͷ
ΪΪò۷ҼܲҴɱ
Ź֣۷ԼԺ쾧ɵҲûкͲ۷弶ĴڿʵŶԡ
˱Ź֡
ܹоһʿĿⶼϣȴδ⣬ûʲôı飬׺ʮɴ׺Ӳ죬ŵĺܻ
Ȼ֡׺˲оȴҲҾôֱóȻĴ׺ٻǵýһЩԲǴ׺ʮ⻺ͽ
رܹоǰ׺ĿֲϢɽ·ѹһУǳˡ
Ȼֵǣܹо׺ĿֲԽԽȴûһ˿ΣյĸоҲûѹ
׺ʮ׺ɴǰɴɴɴɴɴɴɴһɴƽ̹ϣûһ˿һתۼ׺Ե
ӽ
⡭
ɵ̵ĲླǿߣǿĻ걦Ҳǿ׺һɴλãླȴȻȻ
ôֱߵ˽ǰ
ʿʧɫȻɵ̵ļϼǿҲ⡣
ǵҰУûκηôֱߵ׺Ե£ֱ̫Ӿˣ˶оǿ˻þ㡣
һƬ׺˲
ԶȻҲǿһĻɵŴС죬Ĳ˼顣
漴һ̣Ƕݣ뵽һ£֮ǰһʯϿƣֻһܲ˲򶼻ѣƣЩٰͬܺƬ԰ڵڴ˵е޵йء
ڣطôһֲ׺Ȼȷд˵е޵ڵǿȴƽصУȫκɵһַǳŹֵĸо
òΪɵİɣ
졣
ǰ뿿׺ͻȻ÷Ϣ̱ǡ
ʹһʿһǲɵٴԶˣ뿪Ƿ׺Զɵ̵ǼڵĳϼǿҲ⣬ı
ǸλãȴɰȻ
⣿ǵϢڵǿ߶˲𣬿ȴһҲû£
ôܣ
ⲻӦð
һʿ𺧡
֮ǰɵ̵ĳϼǿ߿׺һɴʱ˲䱻׺ɢϢ붼ڣ׺ɢϢ֮ǰǿ屶ǣŵۿղε죬ȴδ˿ˡ
ҪǣУȫûκη
ֱǹֵ
ôоƬ׺ͻȻø¸ڣ񡭡ڻӭ
ʿԼ뷨һΪʵ̫Źˡ
¡¡
ǰ׺𶯣ֲһҪ֯Ϣš
׺ԵƬ׺Ӵĸо׺øӿֲˣǣȴһѹҲûУȫûһ˿һΣոС
ҵĸоûдȻⷽ׺˲ҡ

ʵϣ£ԼҲܹŹֺܺ棬Ͼླڵǿ߶޷;ͱ𣬿ȴһӰ춼ܡ
ȷʵЩŹ֡
һ㣬Ҳûж룬ֻ֪ԣһ¡
վ׺Ե˸ֱһ뵽׺֮ڡ
ȥˣ
û£
Щ׺е磬Ȼ
طһʿֱӿ׺Уһ󣬽ֶľ𺳣Ϊ׺ӿķ·ɻһеɫȻȫûкһЩΧת
⡭
ô£
̫Ź˰ɣ
ûһͨôһ£ȫ֮ɫ׺֮ڡ


1408 
ʿסˣŵĿſ׺е죬Ŀࡣ
Ƭ׺ڵǿδͱֻǴڵۿվѣȴƽص뿿ˣڽ׺ڲҲǰȻδ⵽ЩֲĺһĻʵֵ̫ˣ˶𺳡
һʲô˰
ԶԲһ˫Ŀ
׺Уվԭأһ֯оЩжôֲԿ׷㾳ĲڣҲܿס
ȻŵۿվУȴһѹҲûУû˿ΣոС
ԭض˶٣׺⼫ԶĽ俴ۣ׺Ŀȥ
׺ȥˣ
Щûһ⡭
ЩԭͲеˣֻҪоܰȻ
⡭ȥ񰡡
Ҳò񡣡
ǣΪʲôܡ
׺⣬һʿԾ𺳡
Ȼɵ̵ļǿϣҲǶĲ
ˡǳŹ֣
ɵһϵͳ
ʱѾ׺ʮɵľ룬ͽλߣȻֲܼȴδƻطأرǳá
ԴˣЩԾȴҲδ̫⣬ûʲôı䣬һ߹۲ܼܵһ߳׺ȥ߲ͣĺ֮
ϡ졢ڡ
۲׺е磬ܼΪϺڡֲͬɫʣ̺Լʽɫɫǿ
ɫ磬Ҳо׻㾳Ĳڡ
괴ˣжǿعҲﵽ˰ɡ

һ㣬۲ܼ磬˶٣׺ȥ
ܣһһͷͷƬռڵͬԼʶһ㣬Ϊ·֮һ·ƽ̹˳
ʹ쵱Щ֣ȥȴ벻ףʴҲͲȥ롣
ĽŲûб仯׺УúƬ׺λá
ȥλôһɫʯ̨СʺһѾǲɳҲ֪λŶôƾõʷˡ
Ŀһʱⷽʯ̨ϣʶе겻΢
ʯ̨ϣŨ־
ⷽ׺ĴĴУôⷽʯ̨ǵ˴ɵ𡣡

ⷽʯ̨ǰʯ̨ǰ
漴о˸˵ط·һ
и˿˿âʯ̨ϵĻҳ˶ٺʯ̨ϥ¡
һҪõ
ⷽʯ̨ϣӴһʱɢʯ̨ΪĳӣʼѰⷽ׺еС
漴ֻ̼ѣⷽ׺Ϊ֮ڣһ뷢ͬܵǣһ㣬гӿ
ѣ۵ϣΧת
һĻȻоˣһʱ˫ۡ
⡭
ݡ
ʱѾûٶǣЩȴ
ʯ̨ϣĿЩ磬о̵ĿֲϢҸоһƥĵ֮־Ĵɵж
ˣ
â֯⣬˿˿ƣϵ
ͬһʱ䣬ʶУз⣬֯һƵ绡͵졭Щ绡дٵϢɹŴλٵ֤
䣡
䣡
䣡
ܣһϢǣƬ磬ʹƬռ
һ̣ΧƵǰһ𶯣¡¡ĳûȥ
һĻŵļһһƬѹɼǿ˶˲䱻Ӷݡ
ֻǣվǺܿƽΪȻܹоЩĿֲȴûо˿Σա
ֻһɲǶѣӿֱӽ֮С
Уҫֱۣ֡Ϻڡɫʣͷ֮һЯûǰܼʶ
һһ̣Щֻ˲û뵽ʶУƵ֮⣬Χ建תһͷͷ
屻ЩƣΪɹŴλٶµ֮øŨʶЩһ𶯣Ƭʶøڡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ƿֱ֡Ϻڡ죬ܼ̼ܵ仯ӹƣÿһƶ֯
΢Щƣ֮ǰǴʯϲЩʵ̫ˣͬʵ֮˵ЩƣʯϵЩƵ塣
䣡
绯ӡöǷֱ֡ϺڡݻɣٲȻӡĺģһٴμ쳹ʶƬʶ̼ĺˡ
ֻоͷ­˲䴫һɾʹɡϺڡݻɵöɢǿĹ׽һǿƥ־Ƶʶļ佥һģɬ
䣡
ö貵ĹƺøҫۣһصҪƽ졣
һ̣öƴ绯Ĺӡꡣ
һɲǼ䣬ӿĻ壬ʹһ׶ĵʹ˲䴫ʹǿҲɵ÷һƺߡ
ͬʱһ컭渡ʶУһ嫵׺һӰгȾѪշ٣ԡ߲ƣøǿ
ʱƣת䣬Ӱڶζɽ٣ζɽ٣Ĵζɽ٣ζɽ٣ζɽ٣ߴζɽ٣ڰ˴ζɽ٣ھŴζɽ١
ǣ
塣
һֻڿͨɺ٣ǲٺ
ʶͻȻֶĻסˣĿӰϺ١
Ӱܹɹʮ˴١
ʮ˴Ρ
Ĳ
ɹʮ˴٣еǸˣﵽ۾𣿣
죬Ӱ˺ʮ˴٣ԡ߲֮һ񵺣߹һڣһɽּ俪ٳһС磬о
һǲ֪ȥãֱ׺ɣʱӰٴ˫ۣһɲǼ䣬ܵ绡̼֯仯һ׺ƥ־С
͸ģ棬쿴Ӱ˫ͫд޾Ĳɣ䣬ͬʱҲһޱִŵĳޣ̼ᴩɴأѹ
漴ֻһ˲ѣ䣬Ӱ𣬳ǿգ嫵Ĵݣһ˫޴ӣĮ顣


1409 ̫ϳɱ
ʶеĻ˫̫ˣǳҪ޴Թų档
쵱һ𣺡ǣ
˫޴ӣγʶУǡ
񣬾Ȼֳˣ
ͣ
һ죬˫޴Ӹ֣ʶгֵĻ̼顣
ô£
ʶиǵȻ棬Ӧ̺־Ļ棬ǵӰɺ˲δ֪Ŀռ䡣
Ƭδ֪ĿռУôһ˫޴ӣʶĪֵ˫ǿеľ޴һģһʼճĮ飬š
ǰʶг˫޴ӵʱ֪˫޴ʲô˫޴ǲǾڵģڣط֪˫ӾȻʵڵģڴ˵شĸڣɺ˲˫޴ӣң˫޴ӣƺֲˡ
֪˫Ӿʲô֪Ϊʲôǰֱɱ˹ȥ֪ԼΪλһһεĿ˫޴ӣһʱЩоһ齻֯Ժһ㡣
䣡
쳹ʶһһˣԻع
ʱɡϺڡͬɫʵöƺܼ𶯣ʹʶøӷڣϢˡ
꣬һƥƵк֮ƣ𶯹Ž
ֻоʹʱ򳹵׻عЩڻֽ⣬ںϣµļһת嫿¡
Ϻڣһɫһ죬ɫɣΪ֮׾ɡ

꣬ޱϣȥ̽Ѱ͸ЩƣǱڽڳת֪һС
޵Ǹǿɹʮ˴ٺݴΪվ󲻶Ͼ٣ϽһâܺܺӰⷽ׺ͬʱҲˣ֮ǰʯϵ̺׾Ĺƣֻһ˿Բ򣿡

¡¡𶯣ʹɣҸЩЩڷɿںϣ漴и彻֯ӿļ䡣
΢΢һȥ룬ʱ׺ĵʯ̨ϣʼŸļžڵ˫Ҳͬʱ
ֻתۼ䣬һ漴һ縡
ЩŵɫΰǳƣʵȴȫֲͬһԶԶĳĲΡ
䣡
еһǿϢתۼ佻֯ϣ罥ԽԽ࣬ǳŵɫ˻ơ
ʱһΣһ¹ȥ
һºɫøӵܼⷽ׺Ϊ֮һ
Դǲˣȴ⣬˫нĻе壬

׺⣬ʿ࣬˶ڶǷ׺Ȼɵ̵ļ༶ϣҲˣ׺󣬱һֱڿǷ׺
һ£ǸѾȥһˣôûһ㶯ҲûУòᡭ׺˰ɣ
С˵
׺ܼ֯磬ۺֻܿ׺Եĳ޷׺Ѿһ£һû߳ûκζ˶ɵþãѾ׺⣬С
ûµģһһûµģ
Զקһȭͷܹ׺õ߳
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿӰԶϷٶ֯ǿ˵ܲ
Դڰ벽㾳
ǡĹҵ̫ϳϣ֮ǿˣȻȫ嵽طˣ
ʿϳ˴ʱˣɫһȻɵǼҲ⣬Ͼҵ̫ϳϿǶڰ벽㾳ʵǿˡ
Զ֮أһʿ֪ʱ˵ݣɫݣҹȻͬϣ̫ϳϼǿɱ
ԶѹϢһҲ±ҵ̫ϳϷ֣Ϊһ֣ضᵹùڣԷܻץסв졣
ԺһܹǷֲ׺߳ɲָ鷳

׺ڣʱʯ̨ϣȴһеɫøܼɫĵɫŨת䡣
ˣ
һʱ䣬ľΪҲ֮ɿʼŲླȥ


1410 ֮
ɫĵ绡֯⣬˫ֻļ
һʱ䣬ľΪңٶȷǳ졣
䣡
ǿϢ֯Ҫתļ䣬΢˫ۣ˫нĻй𶯣ʹܼ֯âŨ
ˣһۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬磬ƸͰԵɫﵽɫһٰϢ֯ϣ·ƿٵһ㡣
ңľøǿˣΪﵽ˰벽۷壬벻ླֻһСƾ롣
ʱ˫ۣн֯һɫ׹⡣
ⷽ׺õ˵е£ѾĿǰΪеļ£Ƕһ˽⣬ԿԳ֮ΪһĹɱʥӵмԦ֮Ȼ٣Ҳںܴĳ̶ϽиţպȷʵдãǷ
뿪ˡ
õеĿǰƿص߲ΣûбҪˡ
ң仹
վʯ̨ɨʯ̨漴·׺ȥ
׺㣬⣬ÿһǷǳ£ǱЩһ£԰ٷְȷȻɼǿҲԵˣ˲ͻᱻ
ⷽ׺УԭûʲôѹЩӰ죬ΪƿˡĹϵƬ׺ʱǸоӵˣû˿ѹһȪеʸС
ܿ죬ʱ·תгԶⷽ׺ıԵش
䣡
ʱǰž˵ڷӰ׺ԵϢʮǿⷽ׺ȻӽȺ뵽׺ڡ
ʱ׺ԵѾֻɵľ룬ˣֹסŲ
ˣǵһμȴ˲³Ժδ
ҵˡ

ϣо˷ǳϤϢҼԼҵϵϢǳƣѪȫͬ˲ȷǻĹҵˡ
׺ԵӰȷʵҵˣΪ̫ϳϣΪԴڰ벽㾳ʱȻҲע⵽죬Ƕݡ
û
һ壬İҵԼླڵĳϣȫΪŭȻѾ֪졣طһĿıɱ죬һĿģȡ˵еĸ
һǰ׺⣬ط˳׺ѾУ׺־һ£ϸ۲׺ֱֹȥһ£δǽҲãӦȷʵѾ׺ڡ
ͬʱһµĹ۲죬Ƕ׺һ˽⣬ʼƾǿİ벽㾳Ϊߵ׺Ե뿿׺׺֮С
ȴǲ룬ǲŸոտ׺ȻͿɱҼ졣
ʱ죬ǳԾ漴ֶɭеɱ˿ҲΣǼڱɱҪؼһжᴩ
ͬʱ׺Χʿԭڶ̫ϳϴ׺ʱȻ˵˳˵Ŀ⿴죬һʱһȻɵ̵ļϼҲ⡣
ǡǸˣȻţû
ڣ׺ߣ׼뿪Ƭ׺ˣòᡭѾ׺ڵõڴ˵е޵˰ɣ
⡭
ʱ׺Եֻɵľ룬λô׺һʿǿܹļ죬˶ǳԾ
Ȼû£Ȼţ
׺⼫ԶԵЩˡ
Ȼһֱ첻£Դ׺аȻ߳ʱطʿӦѾ׺ڣȴҲ˵ǣĳҰУ˿
׺ڣ쿴Ÿտ׺̫ϳϣϵıʮƽ
ǣɱң
˵ôɱ⣬Ȼܹĸо
ʵϣʵ԰ʲôĿģһΪΪɱ
˿죺ȡͷ­
˵⻰һֱӶ֣վԭز粽ȴּ̧һڷǳǿֱͨѹȥ
ͨǿɱ֮ǳˣԻɱ㾳ˡ
վԭأܸоͨĿ£ȴû˿⣬תʱһϢɢƬ׺ֱ΢𣬽֯еһž죬̼佫˼ͨ顣
ңһǿ֮ͬˮư㵴ֻգۼѹֵǿǰҽԱǿһ֣һ˲ϡ
ʱ۵ģȫѣڿѪɳ׺䵽׺ʮɵλãǱòƲѪˮֹסʡ


1411 ָȫ
׺⣬һʿɫ
ղšʲô
Щʿֻҵһ̫ϳϼͨɱ죬ȻͿԷͨɱⱻ飬˱ȫɳ׺
Ƭ׺ӻˣ
һʿ죬֪ղƬ׺ʩΪ̫ϳϣʱϽǾݣȻɵ̵ĳϼǿҲ⡣
Ȼע⵽Щʿ񣬵ȴһҲ⣬׺е
Ŀɨһˣʮ̫ϳϣƽĮ
ҵ棬ɱ𣿡
˵
̫ϳϻȾѪʱѵ޸Ļжʱ¶⡣
ƾ㣬һۿվϣҲԳɱ㣿Ц㻹䣡
һ˺Ϊҵ̫ϳϡ
쿴ˣûж˵ʲôһָ
ʱ׺Уһɫٶȿ켫ֱӽ˻С
۵һѪˮ˵ķǣͬҲһʧ
⣿
׺Уһ磬ҵ̫ϳϡ
ǿһ벽㾳ǿ߰Ȼһ˲͡
˽Բ
Ƭ׺е磬ôֲһܻɱ벽㾳ǿߣ
ͬʱЩʿ뵽һ棬ղŴ׺гɫ磬ƺֵҵ̫ϳ϶ҵ̫ϳ
ܿƬ׺е磿
˲
˵̫ϳϻʣˣһ̫ϳϺ͵ڶ̫ϳϣʱǲķе벽㾳ΪȻôˡ
㣬㡭
˿죬ŭ־ֿ֡
죬ԺӰ׺УһǣƬ׺е繥
Ƭ׺Ѿõڴ˵еǣ׺
ҵһ̫ϳҧ
⻰һط˽Ǵ𣬸ֱɫ
áĵõ޵
˵Ŀʱϣڴ˵е׷ݶɵϹʥ汻Ѱˣ
ӭЩ˵ıû˿仯ôƽĮ
˵Щźҵ㾳ʱҲǾˡ
һĵһ̫ϳϣֵһָ
ʱ׺Уһɫɳգۼ䵽ϡ

˲ҽУ̼䱻
ҵһ̫ϳϣڽˣôô
ǣ׺е繥Σ⡭ûˣûѰڴ˵е޵ѾƿأԿԿ׺
⡭
Ĳ
õһȻһ㣡
Զ˫Ŀ
̫ϳˣʱֻʣ˵ڶ̫ϳһˣԭֹס巢벽㾳ǿһɱȻ˲䱻Ĩɱˡ
ĨɱǵˣֻǵۿվΪ
죬̲סĺˡ
Ŀϣƽ
ǵ㾳ҲɱһˣʡԺ鷳
ƿЩȫΪ׵ĿǣȻɣҲֻ̧ٵҵ㾳ɱǣֱӻԷʡȴպ鷳
Ϊܿ϶һ棬ҲѰ鷳ǲطΪ㾳棬ƿڸĹɱʥҲǶԷĶ֣Ͼ߼Ϊ̫ˡ
Ҳɡ
ҵڶ̫ϳϣ̧һ㣬׺֮Уһ
ˣһĿľɱˣȻŹ

ٶȼ죬׺˲ǽҵڶ̫ϳ֣漴һĲҽУֱӽ֮
һʱ䣬طһӱ
벽㾳̫ϳϣô򵥵ıһۿվʿȫ
Ȼɵ̵ļҲǼʱԶԶĿ죬һҲ˵ͫʲסľ
쿴ĳطһʿľ𺳣ȥ⣬ƽһ˲ǳڲԶĽԱߡ
̫ˣȻǣƬ׺ڵĿֲѰˣ
죬һ˫Ŀġ
һЦÿɷ
߰ɡ
Խ
Ѱ֮Ĳླ٣ԵЩٵˣԼǿսԶɵĹȥ


1412 ϤϢ
뿪ˣı飬Ļ˼֣һӶණѰˣ
СһЦ߰ɡ
԰ɹպٵѾõûбҪˡ
£Ž뿪Ƭռȥܿ߳˼Զľ롣
⣬ˡ
ģողŵѾõ
Ժ쾧ɵ۷弶ˡֱһǱ
طһʿ뿪ıӰ˶ǲ
˵Уʧˡ
ɲǣڵҵĸڵĳϣ۷ĴҼ벽㾳̫ϳϣôǿȫ£Դʼδ
һ㾳棬ƺܿͻɱˡ
ϻһϵе£ҵôܻסٷְٻԶ˶֣
ǿһ㾳ǿߣҪǸȻҲûܵסɣϾǸֻǵۿռѣ㾳ǿ߶ʵڲ̫ˡ
Ȼܵסɱ۷ҼӦԭ򣬶ղܹɱ벽㾳̫ϳϣҲΪǣƬ׺ǵԼĵսԲҼ̫ϳϵĶ֣͸Ҫ㾳ˣҪϣ·һ
Ҳһ˵ܹԸ㾳ǿߵֶأϾǸˣ˵ĸоЩغа죬Գȥ֮
⵹Ҳ
Щھ֪ˣֱһŵĳأ
һЩʿĺܣ뿪ĵط޲óȥһڽˣʧϵһأʵϵı̫ˣκ˵õܹδǿ֣֮ưһûκ⡣
ɵ˵ļд֮⣬׺ɨ뿪ķ
壬˵һУ棡
ɵһϿڣԵԼһһϵ
̵໥ӣһ˳ڣȥ
ֻ³֣ԱߵһܳȴȻ֪еĸĺ塭̣֪һϢȫ
Ϊ̫һˣƿɺ쾧ɵǵõ԰ڴ˵еޱ˵
ҪһоʹԼһƽ̣̫ϳǺڶ֪ЩжӦԺε̬Դ¡

Ž䣬ٶȲ죬ȴҲʱѾ뿪׺ڵĿռ䣬߳ǷռĺĴɽ
໣
𣡡
Ӵɽ߳޺쳹գ
ͽУԶطĴɽû߳˺Զľ롣
뿪ƬƵطˣ
治ⷽ԰ʵǵʱ˲ⷽνĹ԰ӡ⵽㡣
ʲôȥҲûʲô£԰Ĵתתջ񡣡

ûʲô·ǵҪ뿪ȥ԰Ժʱһֱյʱſƾµĳ챦ض٣ĴѰһѰ˵ܵõһЩܲĶֱӿ벻ླ硣
ƲƲ죬ȻȷʵܲƬ԰ڣȻҪһʱ䣬ȻҲᷴԡң˵Ĳڳȥȷʵûʲô£ⷽ԰ѰѰԵʲôģҲһܲ⡣
䣡
ʱ԰λúԶһƬһɾ˵ҩŻ
⡭һŨҩ㣬ûôԶȻܸоòʲôʥҩ˰ɣ
Ȼǰ벽ླҲɵöݣΪҩ
˵ѰѰԵԵô˳
΢
ߣȥ
ԽԽɫŽ䣬ɫ磬ֱӳ԰λóȥ
ƾǸλóľŨҩ㣬԰ٷ֮ٵȷǸطһ˲õǵõܹתۼʹﵽླ硣
ٶȷǳ죬ֻһ۶ѱʮɽһƽԭ
ȥǰƽԭǳĵһλô̳ĵر鿪ˣ¶һ޴ĵص磬֮ǰǹɾ˵ҩͻǴǸλôȻǴӵص
ȻһƬ磡
ղŵҩǴĵص񱦣
ߣȥ
ʱطѾ˲ʿȻһʼʹڸӸϵ˶˫ĿĿŵص磬ವ³塣
һۣʿƬص硣
ңиʿԶǱ֮ǰǵȾҩͻ
Ҳȥ
ԽâһŽƽԭĵѷ촦硣
ֻת۶ѣ䵽صĵرȥƬص糬Ĺɽֲ࣬٣һƬʵСûκ
֣֮ǰڵرϻܸоܾ˵ҩɽôҩõˣ
ֹ
ӦȷʵǴһܾ˵ʥҩԣô룬е꾪ʥҩһֱڳԵɢҩЩҩƮڿУ֮ǰΪرƿѭ󲿷ֶ嵽棬ԣʱƬ£еҩȻͱһЩ

Ƭص磬н֯ƹ⣬ŵҲӿȥԵ̽Ƭص磬Ž䳯Ƭռȥ

ǣڡ
ʲô
һŭԷټɱ졣
Ҳླڵҵɱڵĸ۷Ҽɱ벽㾳̫ϳҲ䣬ʹϸһ㾳ֱӷŭ𣬿ֲ㾳ҪһС

һ죬һԶˣŹ԰ȥ

԰ڣλõĵص硭
ŽƬص磬̽ѰƣӦƬռĵƹ죬ʱ뵽һƬɽȺ䡣
ȷв׵ı
ʵ
С

ƿڵǳóʲôط׳䱦Ȼǳ
ƬɽȺɽԲߣȴܼϵֲ٣ɽɫеĳڣеĳֺֺ죬ٵطŵ
ͽƬɽȺ䣬ú߳ȥԶرϽ˲ٿݹǣԳͷнݻβǣǣȫ޺ǡ
ͬʱߵڿиоһЩϤһƵһʱ䶼ǲɵöݡ
⡭֮ǰǷͷϢڱչسɾôϢѵǱչ̫ۣˣ
ӡ


1413 벽
ŲӣҲݣطȻڳɾͷϢʵЩԾͷԶħޣܵطˣ
ɾΣӦҪȾǷУܵŶԡ˵ѾɹɾΣ
в²⣬漴ҡͷΪԲ
ʱͷԶħ޾ûôͳɾ
䣡
ͻȻƬɽȺԶһ˵֣һͷڿУ̫ͫħװˣʩչĳִͨ
桭ͷԶħޣ
ۡ
ҲǴһͷڳɾԶħޣȻ
ƽʲôƣǳϳ
˿ҺС
ǰҼһ˸ͷ׵ıչ֮أλľܿҼǼ˵ΣҷɱˣҲ˴ͷ׵ıչأʱ򱻶Էǣ׵Ҫ
ͷʱûж˵ʲôó
ǰǿӵŬƽʲôͬһʱ䣬żȻ۽һƳʹͽ䡣
࣬ǣ
һͫĮβһ˦β㣬ֱһâǾɱУֱĳ˳ٶȿ켫
ǰԼĿڱչسɾһȺԴ룬ʹţȻϵ졣
ʱⷽص磬Զע⵽ͽ䣬𶯳âѹͽ䡣
ǰ벽ɼâɱУֲˣȻͨ㾳ǿˣҲÿԵס
ֱӱɫ׵ĸоâĿֲ
ȻˣȴҲǲû޷ʱɿʩչھصǲͬһʱ佫Ҳһתʹ֮֯ǲ٣Žֱӳұߺơ
ಣ
ֻһɲǶѣŤٶһ̴ﵽһΪ˵ĳ̶ȣǲ󣬴ٶȼȰ벽㾳ǿ߲ˣͬ˲ƶưԶնյıܿ˦â
˦ɱâͽ䷽վĵطֱӽǸطĵرˣ﷽ԲʮڵĿռ䣬תۻһƬش
Զ¶ɫ
ǿҪﵽɾˣղżȻ⣬ȴҲԺܿ£ٶҲܿ죬ȴȻһۿվʿˣЩ졣
һ̣ע⵽绡һ𣺡ǣ
ͫ¶ŵɫԶĶ졣
ŽܿĹʱ򲻸˿ֱֶǲԶȥ
׵籾ٶȺܿ죬ǲȻ٣ʱǲٶ£Ҫ
࣬ȵȣ
ʱˣٶȿ쵽㣬˲ǰİܵĿռȫˡ
ˣˣҾ˵Ӧ뿪԰Ƶ
ᡣ
켹ʱЩڵõûֱ뿪ˣôҲû뵽֮ǰǴеһͷ벽ɼԶħްֲˣ񱻶Էεֵˣ
࣬õⷽ԰ڵ֮У
ٴֱֱĶ졣
ʱûɫҲû˺⣬Ǵһ˿Ⱥͼ
Ȼ˶Էı仯һ̣ͷ׶ȫûκε⣬˫ĿžȺͼڴʲôƵġ
˶٣֪ν֮ʲôǰƬ԰ڵһռҵõһǿ
û˵еǸ֮Уһƥ㡭Ȼõˣʱ򽻲Щ绡Ϣѹҵȣʹҵ޷뿪ⷽ԰εһģһ
ѾҪﵽɼˣǴ޾µϹŶʯʱȴ˷ܵ
춯ݣεѹЩ԰壬ʹ޷뿪Ƭ԰
ôţ漴֮ǰ˵Ļⷽ԰ʱⷽ԰ڵĳԭ޷뿪޷԰ȥ׷ԭһεѹƣ
ûǹԺʱһֱڣƬ԰飬ܵǹѹƣ޷뿪ⷽ԰죬ʱ˫һƬһ˿Σ࣬æҳȥõ֮е㣬һܴ߳Ƭ԰


1414 ʻ
ӵİ벽ɲΣ԰Ѿ֪ȹ˶֪ܹܼ꣬ʵ㹻ǿ󣬵ȴʼ޷뿪һֱֻ԰ڻ˵һĥ
õ԰ڵ֮У߱˺ʹ޷뿪԰ǹһϢţԸһԴ߳԰ʱ۵֮ɫ
࣡
ٴεͬʱƽʹܱĿռָԭ
쿴ͷ벽ɼܹĲ׽ԷʱǳңʱǽˮΨһܹץסһݰ㡣
˶٣ҸӦһ¡
վԭأתǿɨⷽ԰Ĳ񷣬ͬʱҲǰͷС
ܿ죬ʮȥԶݣȷʵӦһϢƬ԰ڣⷽ԰ڵ鶼ܵѹƣ޷뿪ͬʱҲоˣƿصȷʵܰⷽ԰ڵطȻ߳ȥ
ô

˵Ĳȷʵһⷽ԰ڣ԰ڵһ뿪ƬռõҲȷʵ԰뿪

һУ
΢ڵ֪õкȻоԵ߳Ƭռ䣬˿챾ô˵ȴ̲סӼӵ˷ܣĶ죺࣬ˣ
ⷽ԰ڣԵʱΪİ벽ɾѾⷽ԰ڴ̫ˣл뿪˿Դ߳ȥĿ
˶٣û⣬ҿ԰㡣Ϊ֮ð¡ûͣ٣ֱӵ¶˵ѣһȥƬһȵȡһǿѰһŹǵꡣ
ǵɹһ齣Ƭһ㾳ǿߴ붼ΣգΪֻ壬ҲҪﵽ۷ĴȡĽƬǰô벽ڣţԶԷӦܰܿ촳ɹȡĽƬ
ڰǿѰһŹǵ꣬ȻѰʮڣĺʮǿŹڣ̫Ҫˣ̫ǣҡ
£
ʵȼĴڶԣᵽȷʵѡ
ԣ¡

ʵϣУʱţöԷһȥɹȡƬΪƬʵ̫ǷˣȻЩȡĽƬȴҲƬ󣬻ģὣƬ
շ뷨Ϊͷ֪ƿ֮пԴ뿪ʱȫҪЮϾԷǴڰ벽ɼǿбͷǣԷûôǷŵ̬ԿóԷʲô֮ǲǵ¡
ãû⣡ϷģֻҪܴȥһ쵽
֣صĵ
뿪԰ô򵥵£ʵ㲻ʲô̫ˡ
ãǾô˵ˣ

ʵϣԣⷽ԰뿪ҲǷǳļ򵥡
˷ܣƬ̺ƽâ֯һģ
Ƭص緢һ鼫񣬶ҳɾŴãȽ֮ѰȻ뿪ɷ񣿡
Ϊǿ󣬿ɸˣȴûʲôӣ̹ϡ
񣿣
ԶݣȻ֪ȱ񣬾˵ؼƮŵɵϢ۶ɣڳɾ˶ԣϹ屦ڳɾ˼ɾڳɾɹλֵˡ
ͬʱҲ֪ˣΪͷԭǷɾȴͻȻܵƬصԭǸӦطһ鼫ɱ
ǰҼ˴Էıչ֮£ˣ֮ǰұ׷ɱıչ֮Ӧø˲СӰ죬Ǹ
ǰڳɾΪ˴ҼΣǰҼ˽ȥȷıչأһ㣬ȷʵд
֣޷ȻʱȷʵһЩţʲô˵£ԭѾɾܾˣʼԳɹûǰǼ£Ҳ޷򵥵ĿɾĻ۲СңղҲߵСﶯˣǶ𣬾͵ƽ˰ɡ
¸ղɱͽ䣬죬ҪǸղʹһҪһˣ޶ûطȥΪ뿪԰Ψһϣ˵Ĺ֮Ҳ˿Ϊ
áЦŵͷ漴ֿڣǾ͵ǰȡ뿪ͬʱҲطѰһĵرĶĳ˳ʮ꣬ʴˣܶԷһǰǺ
طѾ̽ѰˣѾܰٷ֮ȷƬھһ˲õĵرȡǿ԰ﵽླ硣
ĵرĶ¶һ˿ɫƮеҩ㣬ҩһ𣿡
춯ݣǰ֪
ԱߣҲݣᵽģѰҵĶǳơ
ЦҷּƬһһ꣬Ҷɫеҩ֯Ҳǲûʲôãû⡣ڿСѰҵĵرƺˡ
£âͽƶһǧɣһƬڰϿڡ
ȥϿʬǲ٣һīɫԵб

ڣָƬϿȵһܲ۵Ľ䡣
˳âָŵķȥֻһߵıͬԣҶΪʣΪɫ忴ȥһֻҪڿķˡ
ʻ꣡
лһĨâϳ걦һżϿ컨֮ð벽ླֱͨླ硣
Ư

ļʶû㣬֪ǰ컨ʲôֱֻ۵ĸо
죬˵СȥȡɣⶫãȡʩȡƬϿȵص״ļ񣬴ϣúķʱ䡣
ͷҲûнԥΪ걦ȷʵûʲôá
һαǿ絽ʻǰַ걦ժ֣СʯУ󷽲˻ء
лǰˡ

֣ûʲôлģСѿˡ˵ţС˿һЩȡɡ
ˣ
ͻȻⷽϿȶĻһɫԻڵصףڵص³Զٶȿ켫
ãͨ飬ŵҪ
ɫ


1415 ɱ
ɫѤڵصףͬԵص׳Ͽ壬ٶȷǳ졣
Ǽ񣿡
춯ݣʱһ۱ɿŨ
ͻȻãʻӦǺ鼫йأ
䣡
âţٶ֣벽ɼӿֱ˷Բɵľ룬ߣҪ֮ӵص֮ץ
ֻǣЧȴ룬֮âǳŨطƶ˶̼仯һĳǿâȻݵıˣ޷ЧĽ֮ӵصץ
벽ɼǿߣȻץס
Ծ
־ɽ֮Ӷݣסȥץֱʹ𣬼̶ӰЧ
쿪ڡ
˵ţǰһŵ׶ʱܼƽ֯ͬһͷͷɳ˲˷ӡⷽϿȵĸ䡣
ʱڵص׶ߵļһ±ûٶ˲併ٱ
ǰ֣һץ

ʵǷȻ˼裬ûԥ벽ɼӿûͨצ֯һƣص׵ļץС
ȡȡˣмһͨļ񣬱ͨļ߼ֵ֮֮˳ӿٵĽɾƽ⼫ӡ𣬿ллСѣ
ղţ춯֣õץסʱĸм֮ɫ
ͬʱҲڵľɫҰ벽ɼΪ⼫ĶƣСȴ԰벽ΪǿдϣҲʹһ˿һʵǡǻƬ԰֮еˣ
죬ЩԾ
ֻǡشйصѣԸϼĵߡ

ͨ飬ĵ֮Ӷݣڲĵӵ£ǿʩΪȥץܻᵼ¼ԣȻΪǿ󣬵ȴЩƣΪڵһԺܲó
ȴǲһƿǿиĵƣʹͨļ޷Ƶӣͨ鼫ĵ֮֮ƾǿʵȻ˲ǽץ
ĺܾˣ
ɫٴл⡣
ղѾ׼ҪƾʹһЩǿж֮ץȴֱӸ˼ĵƵӣʹõļ񣬶һͨ鼫ʵںܸм
֣ԳƲء
£ǶѾ˰ɣڣ뿪ʲô԰˰ɣ
ʱһһⲻ԰ڡ
ͷõʻ꣬Ѿ㹻֮벻ླʱǿ뿪ˣѰʲôԵˡ
ʱ뿪԰һ뿪öԷЩȥɹȡĽƬȻѰʮǿǳǿꡣ
ڣĺʮ
ôţƫͷ
ûκˣʱ뿪
й⣬Ѿõʱ뿪ⷽ԰ʵڴģΪһֱⷽ԰ڣûȥ磬磬ڴ
ãǾ߰ɡ

£뿪Ƭص׿ռ䣬ϵرճⷽ԰Եȥ
һۣ뿪˵صǸλüԶ
ףǡǸˣ
ɱҼˣȻôҡڵ߳ˣҵ㾳Ѿⷽ԰ڣĴѰ֪𣿣
⡭
԰ڵʿǳ࣬ʱ򣬲˿죬Ͻ¶ɫ
˵ɵ̵㾳Ҳˣ԰
󴫳еǿҲˣҪʲô
ʲôŵȻҲΪ˶Ͼ˿ȡ˴˵еԺ쾧ɵǾء
ʿۡ
ǵǳСҾԶȴǱˡ
Ҳˣɵ̵棬Ҳ˳ң
н֯΢⡣
ԱߣЩȣСѵõ˴˵еĺ쾧
쾧ʥȻ֪Ѱû뵽ȻѰһ飬Ѿ֮һڱЩˣļֵ
ãõһ顣
Ц
Ժ쾧£ʿ֪ˣѾûڵıҪ
䣡
ʱǿӿ֣Զճһߣ⽻֯˵ܲƶʹһ飬һͷŭ㣬ɿ쳯
棡
ط˱ɫϳ˴Զճߡ


1416 
ܷˣռ䣬Զ
ֻգۼѣǰĿֱϡ
һɱĺ⣬ֱѹС
һʱ䣬ط˶ǲɵһΪ㾳ǿߣĴڣȼĴڣͨʿԣûʲô
һϮۣҲ֪ôƾõ£һ˫ޱ䣬Ѫȴǳˣһڻ¯ͬһԨη

죬һ£ɱ˿Ҳڣޱˡ
վϣ棬ȻǸоһɾ޴ѹԷɱŭ·һֻСۣʱпܱⷽŭѹ
ıȴһƬƽû˿ɵ򶨶ݡ
ͷôڵıġ
С
Ϣжô£ȻܹĸоȴǺһʱûһɵηı顣
Ļطһʿһ㶡
ǡ˵ʲô
桭
⡭ѵɵˣ
߾㾳磬ܹҲ֪жˣɵԼǶưǣ˿ɵУһվСȻ׷ɱƵ԰
ʹطһʿԣһýǱˡ
ĿϢɭ䣬ڽĻȻ⣬һǰ
ɱ⣬øˡ
ű棬ô⣬ƽ
漴һ̣ĿƿбԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ǿԶ֣𶯳գɲǳǰֱͬλãΪߣѪʢ˿
ɵ棡̵棡
طʿǶݣϳˡ
ʱɵͣ档
ߵĿһʱϣи貵ľâڽ֯죬ڿһھأǳ
˺һǸһǿڣһԲ߳ţڵ֪ôһȴڵһʱ䶼˳ֻΪ̫һĶһԺ쾧ɵһݶɵĸߵջʵ̫ˣǿȲҲòġ
Ȼ棬ΪҼ˱ɱŭɱ˵أļȴҲʼڵɵԼΪߵļֵʵ̫ˡãܵõҼ˵ʵҲ㲻ʲô
ˣ
ռŤһƲƣ㾳Ϣֱ֯ӽʮշˡ
ɨ桢棬ʱ֯ܵĿռȫˡ
ɵ涢죬漴ƿҵ棬ָԶӣĿԵĮ䡣
ңҵȹУȡ֮پ
濪ڡ
ԡ
ͷ
ƽĮ˵Ľ̸챾ˣһһоƿ֮еģ
ĻðôҲһŹϵǿеǿߣôɵǿжᱦҪҪ𣿣
ɱôЩԹϵУ棬ȫԹ޳ȴ߳նɱȡʵǿɺޣ޲һڽ˸ҧ
˽ĻȴǸ˿Ҳ⣬Ẉ̂ΪܹǿУƬ磬˭ǣ
Σǲһһ෴õԺ쾧ɵɵԼڸȴǿǸԵĴбøǿԻ͡
ˣȡڱС
Σ
ٴοڣĽѾɣʱ档
ͷã
ɱҼˣ֮콻ҴйߣǹУԺʽǶжãԱʱ໥ˣ󴫳еսԴȻ
ˣ°ɡ

ͷɭ㾳ǿߣͬʱȥ
⡭
㾳ǿһһ𡭡
ˣˡ
ļ¡
ǿЩʿ֪ǣȻΣվֻǲŴڰ벽༶ΣȲεΪжܵס㾳Ĳڡ
վϣ㾳ǿ߱ƽû˿ı仯
ǰ鷳ˡ
Աߵ
Ӧõġ
ͷ
ÿܴⷽ԰ڳȥҪɱ죬ͺܲˣΪǵڼն뿪԰·
֮Ҫ
ʱһֳ֣̽ץȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģձѣܺˡ
Ĵ֣ת䵽ͷʮִ֯ϡ
ԴˣƽһҲ
ҲʱԱߣˣǿƶԵֱһƸ˳ȥ
̼䣬ֱ۵һǽ̽Ĵķ飬һƸڶԷͷ­ϣԴֱĽǻڣȻըΨһǱĶݳƳȥԶ㤵Ŀ
ߣһ󽣣ն¡

ҽУһ˲䱻ķ顣

⣿
棬ˣ

ط˽ԱɫȻ
ӣ֪Ŀֲɼڵ汻ôɾնȴҲ̲סһҺ
汩
С
ͬһʱ䣬һߣԷʱĿľɫ
벽ɣ㣬㡭
ʵףȻղֻǶһ˲䣬ȴҲǿĲΣɲֻһС벽ˣǸ̫߳ˡ
ǿ漴죬һӶĸ
طȡɵڸ㾳ΪԺɵѹ죬ȡڵȡƬ԰ڵõڸȴǲ룬߾Ȼһ벽ɼڡ
Ǹû˵°
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһ̣ûκԥֱӻ⣬Զߡ
Ǿ㾳磬Ȼǲ𣬿ԱǿˣĨɱ꣬ǣҪͬղŵǰ㡣
ᱦ𣬲ǸղŻһһоƿеģˣ
С̡
û˵ʲôƽ
ûʲôǿİ벽ɼȴǺƵ˿һʱ佫ԲǧڵĿռȫֱӸǰ·


1417 ȫն
ӿʮУ̽ض·
˱أǱˤڵء
㡭
ŵŵɺˣ¿ͷϽԲɵû亹
ʲôˣ

ԱߣҲǷɢ̫ǿˣо־塣
֪ˣԹ޳ҪᱦղŲǺ𣿡

û˵ʲôֻƽĿˡ
ûжԣǳֱӵĶ֣һƸ£ͬʱС
һʱ䣬ȻһƬա
Ǿ㤣һʱȫ򣬳һĶͨӭĴ֡
䣡
âײ񷶼Ϊ֮ҡ
һ̣飬ɣͨǱ飬ڿѪϱ鲼Ѻۡ
㾳ǿߺȻ
طһʿ˶ɵö
һƳǿߵȫһʹˣжôµ
󣬲˵ĿϣһȻĳʱΪ֡
˵ʲôʲôʱôһֲڣ
˷
ʱɿ޸η塣
Ǻˣ磬ٴζߣ濹⣬Ϊ濹⣬Եס벽ɼϾǲֻڶѡ
ߣʹռŤٴνء
飡
飡
ˤڵأѪ
ֱȥʱ䣬˲վηĿ
ѣ飡
湰֣΢
濴죬ҲǷλССѣ˺Ϳͱǣ˷ǰðСԭҵȣС鰡֮һСѺʵĲضС⣡
ʱȻĳΪֻ֣ҪԸ⿪ڣһٶ˶֡
Ϊǵɱ˶ᱦֺ޳ܵģһҪҪ㣬ԼõĨˡ
ķ̣ʵǾ̫ޡ
ԣɫԱ࣬ѿʱȴҶ˵ʲôΪѣǵС
Сԭ£飡
Ҳ칰ֿڣһʱ̬ŵķǳ͡
쵭ĮɨһۣʲôҲ˵
ˣͽĸоһģԶҪɺ޵Ķ࣬ôܻ飿
ԱߣһۣȻ˼ӡһѹ¡
䣡
ƵһƵͬʱ֡
澪֣ȫ⣬һһڵĴͨӭϡ
ȻȴǸá
͵ģǵͨת۱Ĵӡ飬漴Ĵӡϣǵķ飬ΨǿӶݳȥȴҲһ˲ӭɱֱӱ˸顣
ˣҵ棬ɵ棬棬ȫն
ȫˡ
طһʿ̲ס巢
Źȥ೤ʱ䣬桢棬㾳ĲڣȻ㱻նɱ԰ڣЩʿļ£ͷƤ顣

ߵ
ɨ汻նڵصѪ鷳ǰˡ
ʲô
֡
ڰ벽ɼԣնɱڵʿһܼ򵥵¡
쵭Цǣͳȥɣ뿪԰
֪ڴ߳԰
úúãߣߣ
ͷеļ
£뿪ط֪뿪԰ǳ⽫ٶȷŵĺܿ죬ת԰Ե
Բһ£Ǳһε㡣
ע⵽һĻҲܹµӦúƬ԰ڵǹεйأǵϢѹʮռ䣬Ƭ԰
ǰɡ
˵ʱûԥһʱתһ绡ƶ֣Ҳ϶Էꡣ
£һ̣һƼĹ⡣
һ̣Ըоѹǵˣһ˲
ǰ
Ц
ԱԴ߶֣ͬʱŽ䣬һ̶ˣֻһͿ԰ķΧ԰ɵһλϡ


1418 벻
԰һƬ嫵ĺϣͽ԰ڿ԰ɴһƬϡ
ڴдһζ
Ź԰ɨܣͫ׽Ĳ
ˣҳˣҳˣ

Թ԰һ·е벽ɲΣ޾£Ҳ԰޾¡԰߳ˣ磬е˷ܺͼ´ô꣬ʱҲȸԾͬһӰ㡣
ϲǰ

飬ԣƬ԰һ޾£ɣȻֵޱȼ
˷ܣ죬ллСѣлл
ԣ뿪԰ʲôԣȴ֮
ǰ̫ˣ֮ǰе㾳ɱȫǰ֮ң֮Ҳ鷳ǰǰ뿪԰Ӧġ
Ц
Ҫл˵̫Ҫˣտտâɨ磬ֱȥʮƽֿڣˣСѲҪȥĳطѰʲôھȥȡɣȻΪСѰҪҵǿǣ֮ʲô£С㾡ᣬֻҪƴǣ
߳԰ĺܸм죬ȲЩ¡
лǰʱȺķѼʱ䣬ʻͻƵླΡ쿪ڣЦ֮ȥ֮ǰɱҵ㾳ڵһˣڵĴУЩıԴʮַҶıǿȥȫǰúҪͻƽɲΣʱ򣬻Ҫһֵ
һԸԿˣһδ׷ɱɵ̸ԩ޳˭ԼĹνǹ۸˵ģȻܼ򵥵ˣԺضҪȥ󴫳ϴһǵĹžԴȫȡߡ
ˣ֮صʮҲǴһ׳ͥأңӦû걦ĵرȣ͸ʮ˺ѡ
ԣһ㶣漴Цжг𱨳𣬾͸ˣԹ͵óСѵ˼СͻƵΣֱɱȥ
Ժˬֱǰ԰ɱ죬µԭѾ֪֪ﲻʹ죬Ҫȥϴ󴫳УӦģӦôԹɲܱ棬Թ÷й
ңһ棬ͬԣúͻƵɾȷʵҪһֵˣȥĵжԴһ˶һȻʮ⡣
ǡ
Աߣ俴ɵӣֻ˻һǺӣȻҪֱӴĹҡɵȥϴ١
߰ɡ

ɨۺϵĹ԰֮ûһ˿ͣԼ뿪һ·϶УһܹϱߵһɳĮ
ȥƬɳĮޱߣͷûһ˿һϢ
ķһʱ䣬ôһƬ̵ĵطʻ꣬ʲô
ۣ
һԣĵرҪѡطͨѡһЩȽϳڣȴǺķһʱܵôһƬ̵ɳĮȴ⣬ûһŵ㣬ǳϡʵھùŹ֡
벽ɾҲ΢ԵЩ棬̫⡣
Ǿ֪
Ц
ûж˵ʲôͽɳĮԵɣߵĮλãƬɳĮĵλѰһʯͷϥ¡
ƬɳĮ¶ȺܸߣȴȻ㲻ʲôϥʯϣ̫ľתֱﵽĿǰΪ۷״̬󣬽ʻȡ˳
ʻһֻˣҶΪʣΪɫʼһȡɢһɷǳŨķ㣬ҼдһɵһƢĸо
ˣ
ûԥֱ̫ľʼʻ꣬ʼ侫
ʱ䣬Ľɫ⿪ʼǿʢͬɫȼա
侫һƵΪҲ𲽵ĵ
ƣʱܿ벻ླ
ɳĮԵ
һΪ̫ˣ֮ǰʱŵۿ۷壬ŹȥʱѣȻѾҪﵽླˣǡ
ֹ
ɳĮģ̫ľתʻ꣬һαʱ
ˣ
ĽâŨɢľǿ

ǣĹҡ
ʲʲôڡˣ
һֵڴһһڳϲĿ־塣
ڸղţϢһ԰նɱ죬ȴǱߵһֲָ̧նˣңͬһʱ䣬˲ڻڵĻȣˣĻȫϨˡ
ôܣ
ڣڱ
ⲻӦãӦð
һ˲䣬Ҷ˿־֮С
棬һǿˣ߾㾳һ帩ǵĹؼڣһǿ֧ȴǱնɱ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ɵǵ֪Լһǿ汻նɱ԰֮ڣԵĸ߲ǽԿֻ
ôôܷ£
ֻ߲һͨɾﵽŮʲôʱһ벽ǿߣ
棬桭
ɵ̽Կ־һԵǿߣ㱻ɱˣ

ϱߣɳĮ
ˣ
ɳĮģĽɫøӳңҲ֮øǿ
ͬʱľøӻΪ벻θӽӽˣֺֻ
ܹоı仯ܹ벻ѾԶĵʻ֮꣬ľʹľΪԸٶ
ˣһۣյʱȥ
һ죬ʻ걻ɾһǿܻȻڵһ쫷磬ƬƬɳ
ླȥˡ
ĮԵڣлһĨâɵ¶һĨЦ
찡
˸ٶȵЩˡ
ɳĮģ˫ۣȻ֪Լ˲ླ
ȭͷһʱоǿƥȰ벽ླʱˣٲȻ֮
ã
лһĨտտâ
Ҳʱ˵һһ޴쳹
ɲǶѣһƬڣƸǶܼн֯ڱ˷Բڵпռ䣬ѹֵϢ̳ⷽĮÿһ䡣


1419 ׾׷
쳹ϵ£һ̣ڵŨƻڲϣ̼仮һ޴У罻֯ͬһͷͷµ㣬ֲˡ
ǡ٣
ݡ
طͻͨɾͨɴ٣⡭û˰Ծңٵơôͨɼܹ
ˣ
ƬرøˣԵϢѹʮ
ɨܣѰҶɽ֮ˣ漴һͫһֻڵбֱĺͷĲϣеģֱֱ׼졣
⣬ѵǡ
ɫһ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǷһĻУƺǽˡ
ɣ١ģ
ɳĮĵ죬岻ɵһ¡
Ҳʱ򣬻Įĵλãվɫ£ǰ䣬ԶһЩ׼ɽ١
£һʮеĽٵܼ
桭ģ
⡭
ƤһܸղѾⳡٿʱ˵Լ׼ɽ٣̲סԾ
һۿվΪ벻ླ磬Ȼ٣
£ǿɴδ
䣡
øӾңϵƸǵĸӺˣҪѹһС
䣬ѪɫһһԲڵĿռȫС
¡¡ģϢʮûѹ䣬ⷽĮǴ𣬳һ޴Ѻۡ
£о˲ϵĿֲԻһС
Ȼǿ벽ɼҲǲɵͫ΢ݡ
ͬʱʱҲΪλѡʻͻƲླض֪ԼͻƲླµ٣ǣˡ
ˣ
رøڡ
Խ׵Ļ𲨶Ũˡ
ơ
һֻ췣һ۷Ҳܵס
Сѣƽ١
ǰȥ
ȻҲ׷ĿֲܻһĲ۷ǿߣܵ
ϾȻܲȴǲŸո̤㲻ླζѡ
лǰãԼɹȥ

Ųϵ췣ƣܹĸоĿֲȴη塣
˸漴һʱһǿ֮ӿһƵɫ绡֯ϣžͣ
Ϣӿϵоֱ΢¡
ɫУܼĽƺܵĳָš
Ͳڹ԰ڵǵһ£֮
һ
վڻĮԵ濴죬漴ˣǰ
ʱ֯ǵȾ˵ϢʱһˣǻһԶϢˡ
ܶɹȥ
н֯Ĺʣһ̣һԷⳡ١
ָоȴĶųУ쿸סڵһʱ
绡ž죬Įģһ㣬ͷϵơ
ɡ
Ų
ˣ
͵һѹֵϢŨĲҡ
ڵһ췣ףһƺƣַ׷ǡϣһֱֱĳȥ
һʱ䣬֮ռֱӱ̮
漴ֻת۶ѣ׳ͷ¡
Сģ
ԶУܹĸоĿֲ˲ɱκһͨĲǿߡ
쾲վԭأӭһ췣תһɫ罻֯ȭˣֱһȭϡ
䣡
ҵĺȭͷѹµĵһ췣ײһ𣬱׻ԡ
͵һ죬һ췣һȭ飬ǹ⡣
ֻһȭͽ췣
Į⣬䲻ɵһ
ȻǿҲһ췣ƿǿֲĺܣ죬ȴ򵥵һȭͽ֮ķ顣
վڻĮģͷ˿Լȭͷȭ˽֯ŵɫ绡вɵûһտտâղŵĵһ췣ǳֲתʱ췣ȴǱˣòȶʹֻһȭͽ֮ˡңתĸоԼ֮ĳǿࡣ
ȻУ
ڵ֪ݶɺͲ²⣬һܶպɽ𵽾޴İȷĲ²⣬ûһ

Ų
ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ϣɫ𶯣øӿܼз漴꣬ŵرѹ䡣



ܣƬ𣬿ռ
һʱ䣬ƬĮڿϯɳ쫷ƮڿУˡ
ĮУǰĺڷĿ趯ɫȴû˿ı仯
һƬƽ֯ɫ磬߶һɫһϳ𣬳Ųѹµܼӭϡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵıصɫ֮һ췣顣
ֻգ۶ѣڶ췣飬ɢΡ
ȭͷŲϵУɫ罻֯͵졣
ˣ
𶯣졣
Ƿ޴У췣֣Ϊһ׺ӣϢ˵㡣
漴һ̣𣬵췣͵췣һֻ֣Զһ£ŵ췣һѹ£һɽͰ׳ĽײϣҪܹǶٵһ㣬ˡ
һĻĽʱ̲סʵ췣ֲ̫ˣţǲ۷弶ǿˣҲ˲䱻
ȻǿҲǲɵ΢
⵹췣овѹڰ벽ɼΣ췣ȻǿҲ첻κӰ죬ȵǣ첻ͻƲླʱ׷٣׷پȻôĿ£ƺǸûиɽߵһ˿һᣬֱΪ˻
䣡
׷ѹ䣬Ϣˡ
ڻĮڣȴƽ򶨣ֿµ׷޾η
վڻĮģ˫ַɿĽӡתĸ죬ɫΪ֮𶯣̼øӵܼƺƵĳ׷ȥ
ͣ
һ죬µĵ췣˲䱻ķ顣
󣬵췣͵췣תۼҲǱɫȫ
һʩΪȻô׾ͽ췣ˣ⡭ж°˵ݶɣѵԿ٣俴ɫ磬ͫʲľֺ뵽һЩ£֮ǰȥ԰ǰִţΪ˵õӦٵ𣿣


1420 
ֺ֡͵ֽתۼ䱻ȫ飬Ľʵ𺳡
һǿ£Ȼܹһ̶ϸźͿ٣ֱǡ
¡
غͿ£ǵѵ԰ڵõȥȻһ̶Ͽٵ׷֮ʵš
䣡
쳹ʮ
Į֮ϣһƬһӿϢˡ
վڻĮģɫ绡֯ͷȿֲ٣޾⡣

Ų
壬һⳡ٣򶨶ݣǰС
䣡
˵ĺ
ڤڤе׷ƺޱȲһΣֽٵ縡ֶΪһƬɽȺжδ֪ѹ¡
ֽͣٵһ£Įʼϵı顣
Įڣ֯ӭ׷һƬƽ
˵һɫøӳңֽӡǰֳһȫɫ׵۶ꪣɫΪ֮⡣
ꪣ
̧֣ץסǰꪣһѽ֮ŲͶȥ
ವһնϣֱӹᴩһ޴ɲǼԲѹµĵ׷ײһ𣬱֮⡣
͵ģƬĽ״ɽ飬󣬵׷ױ߽⡣
áǿ
Զ䶢һĻ̲ס
һֲֿ׷ѣֱǿ׼Ĩɱླ۷ǿߣȴǱͨһ͸÷飬ʹɵӡ
Ȼǰ벽ɼҲǳԾΪǿҲΪʱʩչͨ
ˣ
ףƱøӵķڣѪɫԽԽ࣬ԽԽܡ
ֽٵո˲䣬бΪֱֳֽ֮ף֯һ޴Ľٲѹ£֮ռ䱻һƬƬѹ
󣬼һ˲䣬죬ڰ˺͵ھ׷һ𸡳
һ񷶼ƺҪ̮֮š
ʱ䣬ĮӾҵܼѺ۸ֶ·֩㳯ӣڣĮرڳ·ݣת۱ǳȥ
׷ʷǳ£˵Įоһ쫷硣
Į䣬죬ʱڸоһѹ
ıƽ޾⡣
ƿ֮ĳǿ̫̫ˡ
һתĸ죬ɫΪ֮øҡ
漴һ̣һͷɻ֣ʮɣȫɫ۶ɣһɫ罻֯ɵ׽ɢŰԾµ
ն
ͳɫ۶ɵɻֱӳŲϱڶȥһͷʥЯһնڳ磬棬𺳡
ֻգ۶ѣеĹͨѹýײһ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һܣճƬµ׷̱١
Զſڣû³һ
ôµ׷֮ǰ׷ɲֲֹһţȴ򵥾ͱͨ˸ɾ

н֯⣬Ե̾
ҲʱڵĲٴһвʧǴƬ֣ÿһ֣ÿһ·ѹһУʼһֱʮռ俦죬ѹֺͻϢŨңضƺҪˡ
ԹԾΪΪôеʮ׷
ɫ
Ҳȣڽླʱ٣±Ͳ޷Գͣԣٵ׷šҲͲʲôˡ
ˣ
׹𶯣ʮ׷֣ûаͣ٣ѹ졣
ʱĮϯԲǧڵĿռ䣬ÿһ綼ڴʱ˻
ͷŲ񷣬ѹ֮ǰоһв
ıȴɺƽתĸǿɫӭʮ췣
䣡
ײմĮ𶯡
֮ȥʮײͣʮ׷飬˫˻ɳ֮УһЩһѪˮ
Ӳʮ췣ȻƿݶɵеķǳǿĹͨȴˡ
Ҳ˵Ĳ̫ء

ת̫˲޸壬ŲϷ
ΪɽߣԼȻһĸӦ֪ⳡٻ
ˣ
µ˲䣬񷱬ʮһ׷֣ƺƵѹ¡
Զɫһ䣺⡭еʮһ֣
쳹˻ģϣʮһ׷ѹ䣬ʮռ䶼ˡ
գƬƬ̮
ͷŲ񷣬֣ת
䣡
ɫ罻֯ϣӶ˫ץסһɫ磬֮Ϊն򳤿ա
ͬһʱ䣬Եرɫ𶯣һ׽ն񷡣
תۣ֯ɫ׷ײ׹⣬ռһƬһƬŤ飬ռ˳͸ķ顣
ȣ
Ѫһ׵ؿڣֱըһƬѪ⡣
ıȴǲ䣬һһ췣
󣬵ʮ׷飬ȾѪ˲ˡ
ǵʮ׷һ񷱬ʮ׷١
̫壬׺׷
һʱ䣬磬ռ䶼ǻԵҲԴٵ
䣡
ֹ𶯳ա
Ӳ٣ʱƣʮ׷ʮ׷ʮ׷ʮ׷̽٣Աһһ˹ȥ
ˣ
ʮ׷ȥһ̶Хը죬ؾ𣬵ʮ׷֡
һ̣Ͻ֯Ӱʹͷʿжϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰɲǼ䣬ⷽڰѹֺͻϢŨһ㡣
һ̣ӰƺƵѹ䡣
ʱȾѪƿʮ׷ȴҲ˼صˣ;壬ȻЩ㡣
Ȼˣȴû¶һ˿ηɫӭŲѹĵʮ׷ԵһƬᶨ
һˡ
н֯âһתǰΪļޣֻͼԼҲ۳ֻͼ漴ıԴעֻͼУƺƵӭŲϵĵʮ׷ȥ
תۣײһһ˲䱬ԡ
˵Ŀϯ˷Įٴ̮飬ԲһС
һ̣ƺֱȥʮڱƽ
ȥ̳֯ϵпʼɢȥ
أٴαùΨһƵ绡ڿн֯ž졣
ȥĻĮױ٣ǴӺͽڣվڻĮģãѪܣطͷอԿüĿġ
ˡ
ָգѵ¶һĨЦ


1421 
ĮױٵˣվĵλϣȾѪȴǴЦ
ƿսĶɹⳡླ٣ʹá
Խ״ɵˡ
ͻȻ뵽ôһ¡
ˣ
ϣһƻ۶ֲһĹâ֯ΪʥϢ
һ̣߲΢ʱдƬ߲ϼⴹ£֡
̼䣬ϵۿɼٶȿʼָɿ
ԶһǶɹȥˡ
ʮ췣ÿһֶǿֲˣڶɽٵĹУȻƿпɸٵҲⴴ;αһֱĵţʱɹ٣߲۶ڷ
Įģ챻߲ϼ֣ʱ̫ľתʱʹƸĻָ߲ʹâꡣ
ˣһ۰ʱȥϵ߲ƻɢȥƾ
ңͬһʱ䣬ľǿһ㣬һڳ¯
ڡ
лһĨտտâһоԼı仯ʶȸ涼ޱǿȵۿվʱһ޴
Уı仯Ϊ⣬ѪñҪһƱԽ֯棬޹޳ңΪҪǣоʱԼһƺԪɿݣҲԶ¸ࡣ
ǲླ硣
еľâŨһЩ
ླﵽĲΣĸоȻûд
ȭ£ʱֱŤˡ
ǿƥ

ĮԵһĻͫе֮⣬ĸоʱĿ£Ȼ㾳ڵǿߣҲˡ
⡭
ԶԶĿ죬ֱ˸
ԭֻڿͨɾβ׷ڿ벻ླʱҲٶԾΪȴǾʮ֣Ÿոտ뵽ླΣȴѾ㾳ǿ߲ˡ
һУʵ𺳡
ĮĴֻ˼ȭͷӦ²ླͣ£ƽºһĮڻĮԵĽԡ
ϲɽٳɹ俪ڣ漴´죬˵˵ǹﻹû벻ླȻҲ٣һôֲ٣ʵ̫˷˼ˣָоôţܾ쿴㲻˳ۡ
죺
ָоˣңҲǵһ˵⻰ˣǰ漸ζɽٵʱҲô˵
˵
⻰һһ㶣¶ɫ
ǰ漸ζɽ٣ǡʲô˼ۣ⣬òǴ֮ͨһ·ڵİɣ
ɵһ˲ʹĻеóණ
ҪôһЩǴͨɺһ·ڣպһ·
²ʲôܣʴˣҲûʲôġ
ɶ
һ㶡
Ļǲ²ͨɾһ·ٵڣȴʵеĻҪţȻվʼ˻١
㻹𣿣
Բۡ
죺
С⣬ֱǡ
벽ɼĴڣʱ򶼱סˣһЦı顣
ֱȥʮͽƽ
ʵĹﰡ
С
̧־һСѾͷйˡ
漴ЦǰȥƬ󴫳ߡ
ɹླ٣ﵽ༶Σȥ̡ĹҺɵһˣ⼸׷ɱᱦɲ򵥵ľˡ
Цãţ
£һնУһ̶ķȥ
ܿ죬ʱȥһ嫵ɽȺ֮⡣
ȥɽȺΪһ̻Ի͵ĵһյıɺΰϿɶ
̡
˫ۡ
̡ĹҺɵǿУȻʲôܣ׾پ֪ʱ̵֮
˵̵ʼ˵һɼǿߣӦɼɱɼɱնκˣôȥ治⣿
Сʵ
Уǿ¿Ժɨǣ˿ɵУǴһӵȱɼɱĴ֮ڣҲǻ֮Σ
ģϣȽϾͨǰ벽ɼҵɼɱʲô

ǵ⣬Ȼһ뵽ˣȴһҲ⣬İ벽ɼɼɱתܸ߽֮
Сѵߣֱɱȥ
ЦǺˬ
ߡ
ҲЦ
£˲ǰɽȺֱǰУתۼ֮⡣
ʲôˣ
Ŵһ£żǿĵأֳųսìʱ˿˳սìǰĮĺʡ
һ̣ǰ̵ӿ˵òȴֱӱɫ
ǣǣǡ
˶¡
ͬһʱ䣬طܵǿ˵ݣ
ǰ桢ɵͻĹ棬ǵ㾳԰ϱնɱѾǣ˵òȻѾΪƬʿ֪⼸Ȼϵóˡ
û˵ʲô䣬Լֱĳܽȥ
㣬ǡ
طļ̵Ӳսìŵŵɵһ·ˡ
Ϊܹǵ̵ĵӣЩƽǰĺܣʱȴĿ־壬ֻΪһߵˡ
һǿ棬㾳ĲڣɾУˣܹη壿ܹ֣
תۣ⼸˵֮ڣҲһ·֮С
̣ȥһĶ࣬洦걦ľеŨľˣͬһɱ֮ϰ㡣
ɼڴµš
лһĨâ
ֻ̤һ˲䣬͸оһ׳ͷǷ߱Ĺģʵ̫ΰˣһС㣬ԽκһС
ĵʿǳ࣬ʱȻǵһʱ䷢˴룬˵ݣ˶̼ɫ䡣
㣬ǡ
һ̵ܽӲɱԼһǿˣȻˡ


1422 ¯
һڵӽԾ֣˴ڣ˶巢
ɱһ㾳ˣʱ򣬾Ȼ̡
֪ͨͨƽ̺̫ϳǣ
ִ²
£еӷŶܽȥȻȥԼһĴǡ
ɨ۳ȥܵӣ⣬ͬʱڵִҲ⣬ԼҲȥΪһǿԼԴȣ󲿷ֶǱ÷ڽڵλá
Ŵԭġ

ڹ԰һֱû߳ŴȻ֪̣ĵһš
֪ԷΪһμŴжЩ棬ԹԵЦЦû˵ʲô
ͽܽڣܿ߳Զ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһʮӰ̳ˣ˴ڰ벽㾳һ˴ڲ۷壬˰˴ڲھ
Ȼ̵̫ϳϣܽƽ̣Լһİ˸ͨϡ
ǾҴ
̵һ̫ϳϿڣҧˣɫ࣬ŭӡ
ǿˣ㾳Ĳڣһ˵С
ɨۿڵˣɨһһƬƽ
̵ǰ԰Ѿ£ڣչ̵һڴһе̽תߣҽΪƽأ̴
ƽһҲȴ˲䴫ÿһ䡣
һʱ䣬һ̵ͨӽһ
һʮǸðŭɢ˵ĺɱ⡣
ҽ棬͵Դ뽫ҽ̻𣿣
Ϊʲôط
Ȼһ벽ΣڱĵطҵȻɣǣ̵Ľڣ֮½ϣ˭˶
ʮǺ⡣
󣡡
һ˵ͺ
ʮͬʱӡ̴һƵɱƸ̶ֶУһɱصĿɱһʱƵ˳
¡¡ģƬضƺҪˡ
ɼɱǿˣ
⡭
䲻ɶ£ץ䣬ΪɱʵЩ¡
ʮվһ𣬸Ŀ
벽ɼҽУڱĵط޷ôȻգһһĵ̫ϳ϶̹ǣ漴ֿ죺㣡ΪɱҪԭȴ㣬ҽʧ޴Ժ󣬱Ҫܾ޾̶
죬дޣֻһΪȴ˿ûǵ֮ԻΪȥɱ졣
ǵҪɱˣ󱻷ɱǾȻ˼źⱧԹƤôԺȳ̶ȣһҪˡ
Ϊ̵ܽɼɱЩļ£ʱȴ̲ס˵
̿ڵ̫ϳϵɫʱЩ࣬漴øɭ
ɱ
˺
䣡
һʮٴζ֣תۼ份һɹ⣬ɿ
һ̣ɹɢ¶壬Ϊһڱ鲼ӡı¯⽻ŵɹȻɢϢޱˣһɴӱչ߳˰㡣
ҽ̵ǿ¯
طܵӼĿⶼڴӴı¯֮ϡ
ڱ¯̵Ĵʼ£ӵлһе
̧ͷɳ¯н֯һƵľâ
Ȼһ㡣

⽻֯ϢңǸоɵĲǳˡ
䣡
ܷʮˡ
ʮվһʱֱ¯ɼɱںһΪߵ·ǳֻͬʱ¯ɼɱ󣬲пܶԸ
ɱ
Ϊ׵̫ϳϺȵ
¡¡¯ɼɱںϺɱ⣬ֱѹ䡣
ʮգ˲䱻׸ա
ڵĺлԴԺǻȡ
һƽ̶죬գͬһ߰㡣
䣡
ܷڣ¯ɼɱɢɱ⣬תۼѹͷ
ɱ
쿴ɱѹ䣬ܸо֮ɫȴ˿޾塣
ǰһá

ͷû˿ԥ벽ɼԴԴϵĴڡ
Ϊ£֮ǰᵽˣҪ
ɵģӿûڣֻһ˲Ѿͳ壬ʹһܵĸоǡ
Բѹµɼɱܱ֮¯˫ַɿӡһֱתޣ֯һƵӡģϲ֮ϡ
תۣЩӡԲѹµɼɱܱ֮¯ײһ
ͣ
һ촫ڣɼɱ󵱼һУɱ֮
漴͵ֻƬ̼ѣɼɱֱӱʹɼɱ֮ȫʧֻʣһ¯ѹ䡣
һʱ䣬˽Աɫ
ҽ̵Ļɱ顭ˣ
ôܣ
ܣ
һ̵𺧡
һ̫ϳϡƽ̺ϣʮҲǺݺһ
ô᣿
һʼµɼɱ˫һ˲ͱٵˡ
һߣҲǶ¶ɫ
ǡ

֮ǰԼͨİ벽ɼ̵ɼɱ󲢲ʲôԴˣȻŲɣʱۼ׾ͻٵ̵ɼɱȴǲɵ¶ݡ
̫Ƿˣ
ǰ¯

һ𣬵عã
£ֱ̧֣벽ɼӿеɵ֯Уһӡ¯ץȥ
㡭
룡
ʮʱҲǻعŰ벽ɼֶȡ¯ŭͬʱ֣¯ʹ֮
ߣ
춯֣һɫ罻̼֯طݻһƬ׺ʮͬʱС
ݶɵĸǿƥʹʮ˸ɫ
һ̣۵ʮͬʱ׺ɣǴڿѪ
Ҳʱٴζ֣ʩչӡһ¯ץԣһĨϵ̵ӡǡ


1423 ̧ն
¯ͨ鲼ƣ⽻֯˿˿ƵմŤ
ǿ
лһĨâʱ¯оĲ
оΪ磬¯ڵһս
⣬⡭
ĵ¯Ȼ
ô
ڣһ̵ӲĿֻš
ɼػ飬ǿĵɱҲˡ
һУֻǷһ˲䡣

ʮŭһ϶ֱ֣ӳȥ
쵭Įɨһۣתֱһ״Ӳ¡
۵һֵ̳ϵ˸飬ΨǿȴҲǲѺۣȻѾֻһ֮ң
һ·ڵˣǡ£
ӡ
Ÿ벻ླֵ̳ϴڲڲΣɾôһɫ磬ȴǲһͽԷʵЩֲ
ҲǱסˣΪⳡս

ҲԵ̾
Ц£е¯¯ǰɣ֮ǰΪǴУӵļ򵥡
ãЦԺˬ飬ֱӽݳ¯ӹϴԼʶӡһ̵ԴԼе̱صȣСѱͶһ¯͹ˡ
С
Цŵͷǲ飬ңΪԣ̡ɵ󴫳еĵԴ⣬ǶãطȡһҲûбҪȡĶ
һ̣ƫͷ̵̫ϳϣƽ̺Ͱ˸ͨϡ
֮ǰ˵н͵ԴתߣһûΪƽأ̳ʧźѡ˺ߡ
˵
һ̣һ罻֯
ְ˻ģѹ
һ˲䣬طһʿһԱ塣
Ȼһİ벽㼶̫ϳϣҲһ¡
㡭ʲôɱǣǵĴУ̫ˣ
һһ̫ϳϿڣ޾£ѾҪ벻֮ʱȴɫǳѿ
̫鵭Įʮ˱ȥһλ˵ɱңѾһʬʬ嶼ʣ¡ʱǻĻᣬǼеĻᣬԼϧȻϧĻͱеĻᣬǾԼ˵ʲô̫ۡ
㡭
ڵ̫ϳɫ࣬ѿһʱ侹Ҳ
ʮһҲǸɫÿǽק˫֡
һϸֶʮһ׹䡣
Щɫ֯Ż񵽼ϢʮͬʱУͬʱʮˡ
㡭ſ񣡡
ƴˣ
һʮɫѿ֪ζҪɱạ̊́ʱ֣ȫǿƺƵĹɱ졣
ʱʮ˵Ĺһܿ񱩣طն
ߣֱдƬâԻ벽ɼϢѹУʹʮһܽһ˲û
ǰö֣һ
쿪ڵ
벻Σʱʮˣһµǰս
΢㶣漴ǵͷȻµʱʲôһԾĿţֻΣʱ׼֡
տ벻ླҪһսʮˣ벽㼶ǿߣûɣ
Сֹ
䣡
𶯣գɫ磬׷֮Ѳ¡
̧֣ʮӲ£֮ǰһ㣬ͬʱʮˡ
̵ʮﳯŲԶۣŶԷûҪ˼һ죬ֱɭ
ɱ㣡
һ˵Ϣ࣬Ϊ֮ǰˡ
˵ţһ˳ȥͨͬʱܿԼɫ磬Դͨͷ­
ͬһʱ䣬ʮһҲ֣ʼһ־ͶǾɱ
ʱɱѶȴɼɱ󱻻٣¯ߣѾǺԼһ˽ռ䵱ǱɣΪĻһ벽ɼǿߣǿվûɼɱ¯ǣѾûκλ·
ˣǴ˿̸ݣȫȫһҪǰ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģʮླǿ붯Ϣܡ
ˣ
ȻЩʱʲô£ȴ˿޾塣
һֱӽת㣬̼طһ嫵׺ɫͬˮһ㽻֯Ƭռڣÿһǿֲ㡣
һ̣Ӱ˲ʧȰʮеһͨǰ
㡭
˱ɫΪ֮ǰɫˣɱͬʱһֱڶ죬ûпʲôȴǰ
鵭ĮֱһƳָɫ磬˵ϡ

˲ҽУķѣҲ˲顣
߳ϣ
ƽһʮҲǱɫԭڹɱ죬Ķ죬ɾˣȴ˲ʧǵҰУһ˲䣬еһǿߣǱɱ
һз̫ˣǸ΢

ɱ
ʮһ˾ŭһ죬Լ٣ɫͬʱһγɱȥɱǿˡ
쿴ʮһɱɲ䣬һٴʧʮһеһߡ
˴ʧɫΪһĵϣǴڰ벽ླȫûƶߵģô
䣡
ֱ̧֣дƬɫ縡֣һ׽˵ʶ֮ڡ
۵һըʶ飬ҲɲǼ䱻˸ɾ
ô£ôƶģ
һһ̫ϳ̲סŭҲ־ŭĿ졣
ղţ죬ٶٿ죬ҲӦŶԣʵȴǣղŵƶȫûиӦⲻϳ
쿴ʮˣٴ˲Ϣһڵܳǰ
㡭
ۣ
ѹ䣬˻ķ顣
ݳֻӶݣȴ˲䱻һƬɫû


1424 һȫն
ɫܼ֯һƬ׺ѪˮƮգۼ̵Ĳླڳϱնһ˽Ǻݲ

һĵ̫ϳŭڣ죬Ƶ벽㼶ɫ׺п񱩳նɱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һ˸˻𣬽ǿ߶ޣ˷ÿһ䣬죬ɱϡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģƬռڣ֮⡣
֪һձֻǰɱ죬ᣬԺܷ
ߣݻ׺ɫһƬڳľŸ̴ܽ˿Ҳ⣬һٴʧһܳǰ
˱ɫ㡭Ѿǽڼʩչ˼ޣ֮죬ƶȴûпֻ˲ͱƵǰ
䣡
ޱ飬ݻȭֱϡ

˲ҽУֱӱķѣǿԶߡ
ֻǣһ̣һֵɫֱӽ˸顣
һ̵ۣʮ߲Уĸͨϱն
䡭̬
ۡ
ʮĶǲڣ벽㾳ĴڣһսԺɨ㾳κˣŸոտ벻ΣͶսôʮˣתۼնˣֱЩֲ
ɫ׺Уʮ߲ﻹʣˣǾŭӡ
ʱǾȫ׽Ķ켣ǳΪĻӡ
ָоܶŭ
Ķɸҵһս
һ
׺ɨˣ鵭Įûκλһαǳǰ
һͻȻֵ쾪һ˲̲סһ
ﬣ
ɫ׷ڣ첢ָݻն񽣣ֱӱ鳤ա
۵һ˵ķ飬ոӳǱһѾеУһֱӸѹķ顣
ʮ̵ĸ߲ʱֻʣˣһʱøӵķŭ

Ķ죬һγɱϡ
쿴ЩˣһƬĮ
תɫ罻֯Ƭռ䣬һƬУӭųˣһ˲ٴʧһܳǰ̧־һȭ˿˿Ƶ罻֯ȭˣΪ֮֮ܵһȭ
ۣ
ֱܳӱһȭѪˮա
󣬴Ƭɫ£Ҳһ顣


û˿ĶȰ׺֣תۼһǰǸ͵һȭ䣬ҴƬɫ
ɶ񣡡
һʣӾŭɱ죬ͨ֡
ȻƬ׺еĶʵ̫ˣƶ켣˿Բ׽ԸӦһڿµɱͨ׾ٵľͱȫܿ
ת֮䣬һһڵǿǰ޾âһѹ䡣

˲ҽУƥ֮£
λϴˣȫȫ
طһ̵ͨӾ֡
Ŷʱ䣬һİ˸ڵĳϣȫնˡ

һ̫ϳϺƽŭ˫Ѫ졣
ʣˡĮ
ɫ罻֯ʮռ䣬ݻ׺ʵڵһͨΪ򡱣ڣԽеκһλλͬſռڵƶܲ׽ƶ켣޷ӦƶʱϢΪԶԶǿ˲õ
ʱⷽͨƬ׺ڣ൱Ƭռס
ڡͨȴǷǳķȻΪҲ޷ʱ֧
ʮڣȫ
˵
䣬ֱ׺˲ʧƽǰһȭ¡
ˣ
һȭۺླֻͬʱҲлȭУһڳͨ
ƽ̵ɫһȭĿ£һ𣬳ʮִ򣬼̵ĺͨӭһȭ
תۼ䣬ײһ



ܵһ飬գƽ̺ɶֱըˡ
𣬿źɳȥƽ̣ⷽڵɫлλ˲ֳƽǰ
㡭

ƽȭ֮ںϣٴݻһȭֱӺϡ
һΣƽ̱飬ҲǱ鲼ѺֻۣʵĳԶߡ
ɣָᵯһɫ绯һ׽նתۼ͵һ˵նķ顣
ʣˡ
һ̫ϳϣֽӡꪣͶ
ݵһٶȼ죬ɲǼǳ̫ϳǰ
飡
̫ϳϴ𣬳ֱͨӸ顣
ҲʱӰ絽ǰƵɫ磬ͬʱУ޲𹥻ͬʱϽⷽڵɫ任λãʹ벽㾳ҲԲ׽Ĺ켣ͨ޷Ч
ۣ
κһĵ̫ϳⴴ飬Ѫˮա
תޣٵɫ磬ֱӽ˵û

ҽ飬ɲǼ
⡭벽㾳ˣȻҲ͸նˣǡտ벻ླѾ󾳽޵𣿻Ҳ̫˰ɣ
𺳡
ҰУݻɫ׺ɫף˰㣬ÿһ֯оļ¡
ˡ
ǰƫͷ̫ϳϣֱǰȥ
䣡
˫ֽӡ׺ڣתޣꪺնͨͬʱֶ̺µĻƺƵĳ˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬׺ڵƶֻͼڳɴֻͼǿս벽㾳̫ϳͬʱס
ɱ
̫ϳϴǺۣʱɱ졣
תۣ˫ײһһƬƬա
飡
飡
Ӱɶ̫ܽϳϽԴڿѪӱ顣
һߣ˼£ɫò԰Щ벽㼶ǿײǿڵҲһЩˡ
Ȼֻˡ
һ̫תգȬ
漴ϣĿ·ڣеɫһȫɫ׽һ˷̵̫ϳϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮĽ̫ϳܣֱӱܼɫ׽飬嶼ò־ŭֿ֡
ৡ
ƿһ絽˽ǰݻһḥ̂ĳ˸£̼佫˵顣


1425 ջ񼫷
̣벽㼶̫ϳϣ۷ƽ̣˸ڵͨϣʮȫս̣һ˲ð
ƽ̴ˣǣ̫ϳǣȫȫ
ڣһڵͽɪɪ־ֻš
̸Ҳ֪ˣ޾£ǿƣûһ£ֻ˴ǽڣ͵һСɼɱ󱻻٣¯ᣬƽ̵һڲླϵĴȫɱͬ㾳Ҳǰʱ䱻նɱڽ⡣
ô
ƽ̺ͳǶˣأңǻ
Щ˿־塣
վԶʱһγڽԱߡ
һսҲ̫˰ɣǿЩˣ
俴˫ĿɵĹԲ
ôʮǿߣô̵ʱڱһȫնʵЩˡ
սǿôԵһһµ٣ǵɲǰܵġ

վڣÿһ󾳽綼ҪٵĴݲУȻʹ죬ɺôȴҲǾ޴ģ൱ڱʿྭ֮ϴټΪǿֻ壬ֽϣսȻԶͬʿ
ô˵ĺܾˣڣ죺С֮ǰƬɫ罻֯׺һͨ
ȷʵ
ͷͬʱҲɵðǰ벽ɼǿߣȻһ۾Ϳ֮ǰһͨ
Ȼͷһ
ǱȽϺķ

ǿܺ
Ц
ͷȻ֪
漴ƫͷڵһڵͽ
Щˣ׼ô죿
ʵ
Ҫ٣֮ǰȥȥ

˵ţɨһڵͽ뿪ʲôģ顣
Դˣ̵һڵͽȻѡ뿪Ѱ·
ֻƬ̼ѣһڣеͽọ̈̄ɿԶ췴Ҫɱǡ
ܵĻ졣
ֹ
Щ̵û⣬ƫͷ̵ĸ
ȡȥ

̵ɼ󱻻٣¯£һڴȫնһڵӾ룬һǻٵˣкһһŵѰһı̡
ﬣ
һ̻Ի͵ɵƿг౦ǹìܵӦоУǽ֯ɭɭ⣬鲼ƣ㣬ɢһޱɱϢƺҪƿŵ˸͵ն
ɨۣУı걦ıʮı٣Ԫ챦ıǧȼıǶ壬νһı⣬౦ļֵԹ
Ӧ˵ɼڴµŴС
лһĨâһӣⷽڵбȫ
һ
˵кһܿѰָı䣬಻ʤң඼ǼֵǷ

һʯұƿ澫âŨ֯ȫ龧
ɨһۣԼа˰ڽ
ۻõ龧ܺͻҪࡣ

˰ڽ龧ȻǶԣҲһںܲƵıء
Щ龧ȫ𣬶ȥһѰ౦иΪıģʥҩȫ
ͽԼһĲؾĪĹžĵһɵ䡷ΪһɼĹžֵˡ
мֵıȡˣˣ
俴죬ʵ
̵̷񣬱࣬ȴûгԾΪļ̻֮ҪʤһڵĵԴȫʶ۽һԣ˵컹ҪǿһЩ
һЩҪȡ鷳ǰٽһá
á
ЩҪʲôȴûԥֱӽİ벽ɼעڣתۼʹڳİ벽ɼ
Ҳʱתֱƿһĵر¶ڵĵص磬ӡһǿ󣬽һͷͷȻ
ЩžŰңһɼΪһ̸һһɳλ£ܱҪࡣ
Űһɳء
¶һĨâ
òпܹǲһĵǣϵһ̣̱оŰôĻŹǵĸСУǵĸطǳڵҲʮʵЩˣʮǿ̫ˡ
˵߸޷ȡ
һİ벽ɼھŰɳɼƿŰȫѹɴС
СĶ֣·ɳҲȡıԴС硣
ⷽɳصļֵɱǾŰҪԺʮѰǷԪˡ
⻹ëʣ°ֹ漴ֵֵ̣ȷʵǳ󡣡
ֵҾȡˡ

ڿˣ

ͷڣмֵĶȡʱ뿪ˡ
кڿնܼٵһ֮漴նУŹǵλöȥúһȺ֮⡣
ȺڴһƬĵȺƻֺ꣬Ȼɵ֮
طͽԼֱӿɽȺһɵӵľвɵ֮ڣһһڴȫ˳
ҽ棬ǾҴɵʲôطˣа벽ɼˣҲ
죡
ûȡĺ㵹ˣܺãǳã
һһڴ絶
Уһ̫ϳϿڣɱ󣬼ɽնͷ벽ɼСѾͷĿϣѹȡٽ֮ʬΣ
䣬һһڴ붯ֱ֣ӿԼһĴʼʼµɼɱɵȿµɱ֣
ңͬһʱ䣬һɽһλóϱ鲼ƣɢĽƺһն
䣡
ɽΪɵ޽ʼһһɼɱһ̼ɢӿµɱһɽ˰㣬ֲˡ


1426 
պɵɼɱ޽һʵ̫ˣܵÿһնȫɱƺš
һʱ䣬Ⱥ˵ɱͽƣطһ쫷硣
˵ͷĿҰڶԣȴûʲô仯
ҵĺǵִͦţ㾳ᶼʧˣȴ£ɱҶᱦ
Ц
ɵһڴʱ죬ɱ⣬Ҳ̰
ֻ㴳ط
ʥ߾֮ɵܹ޾£ΪƬۻʣҵУɢޣǣ
úϻʲô֣ѹȡնΪ汨Ѫ꺴ҽ
һڴǣɫ顣
򣡡
һĵһ̫ϳϻ֣ɽɼɱ󣬾ֱѹˡ
ǿƺƵǺѹ䡣
̧ͷŷܵɼɱ͸ɽɡ
Сѣ
ڵ
ͷǾ鷳ǰˡ
Ӧõġ
Ц
ɵһڴУɵߣ¶м֮ɫ
Ȼﵽ˰벽ɾΣסҽ̵ɼɱ
ƽЦ
ɨһۣһ벽ɼƵŭӿ
漴һ̣һ¯ڷɳ鲼ƣ̺Ƶ
һ˲䣬ɵһڴһȫǲɵñɫ
¯
Щ˴󾪣Ȼϵó̵ǿ
ͬһʱ䣬ɵһڵͽɫ𺧡
̵ĵôУ
⡭̽𣿣ⲻܣ̵ҲǱɱôܻὫǿ
ѵǡǴ̶ģ⣬⡭
һɵӷ
䣡
Ϣǿˣա
¯ʹ¯ɢױȵĿϢŨɵ֯Ҳ֪ɵ߶޽ɢǿ˶ٱ
⵹ɽƷȲ¯ߵƷʵһģֺ֮ʱ¯ԶɽǿΪ¯ʱǱ԰벽ɼǿΪ߶ɽȴֻǱʮ༶ʿʩչˣ֮䣬ȻȻ¯ԶԶǿɽ
㡭ô̵ĵɱ
ɵһڴʱ¶֮ɫ
ԭ޽ɼɱϣĿѹһˣڣ޽ͬȼ¯ֱӻˡ
벽ɼΪ¯ǵɼɱںϣֱʧȥԱȳ¯̫ˡ
㣬ǡ
죬һĴǣʱǲɵ÷
쵭ĮɨЩһۣʲôҲû˵
Ҫˡ
乾档
µһ˲䣬ӿµϢɵӿѵء
¯ˣ԰벽ɼΪʩչֱӴ߶벽ɼΪԴ߶ǿƣһɽ˰㣬̼ʹɵɼɱ󷢳죬ɼɱ󵱳ʼ߽⡣
ȥ͵һɼɱâ¯˺һǡ
漴ϣ¯޽
߶ɽ
ɵĵһ̫ϳϴУһڴ߶ɽ⡣
Ȼ֮ǿҲŰ벽㾳ôܵеù벽ɼ߶¯ֻһ˲ͱȫɣѪ
¯ѹ䣬ŨϢɵ֯¯ϣֱס޽һֽ̧ϵɵӡĨ
Сѣӽ
һ֣Ĩӡǵɽ졣
̧֣һѽɽӵУֱɽ֮Լӡǡ
ɽߣɣעһ˿ʱʹɽһĽɢҪһΪ
ý
лһƾâɽ治
ҽ̵ĵɽ
ô
طһɵӵܾ֡
˲ŹȥƬ̶ѣ̵ǿͱˡ
ɵǿ̰

ɵһڴ־ŭһĵһ̫ϳֱӳȥ
ߣ
ߣһӣһ⻮֡

ҽдɵĵһ̫ϳϵ飬һ
Ͼ˲ֻ벽㾳ѣôܵס벽ɼǿߵһǡ
̫ϴϣ
ƽ̾֡
ͬһʱ䣬һ̫ϳϺͨǿ־壬
㣬㡭
һĵڶ̫ϳϿ̲סˣ
ɨˣɨһǣһٴγ֡
¡¡ģʱûж¯һӣƬһˡ

ҽеһʱһĵڶ̫ϳϱһУ
󣬲ҽϣ԰벽ɼӳ⣬Щ˸סֻƬ̶ѣһƽ̣ͨϺ̫ϳȫն
һ˲䣬ɵΨһɵĵڿ־ķ
СѣЩô
졣
Ҫɱʲôģͷ뿪ɡ

ɨһһͨͽʱǰһ뿪ǲԸҪǶԵսκ棬ضն֮
ԴˣɵЩͽȻѡ뿪ϾڼʶĻ˻·ǴѰ·
һʱ䣬ವƿϵһһͽת˸ɾ
ܵ졣
ֹ
ȡȥ

һһڴﱻնɽ£һͨӶѾ뿪ͽԼһƿһһɵȡһڵı䣬ʮ걦ٵۿǧԪ챦߰ڽҵ龧Ϊ˶ȵı಻ʤͨҲȡࡣ
ЩͨУԡ޾߼ֵΪһɼĹž
콫ЩԴȫ𣬶İ벽ɼһĵ̸ҲȡŰһ飬ֵޱȡ
ˣ߰ɡ
һмֵıȫȡ콣âƻһ֮кԼƬһȥ
֮ûйȥãǳһ⣬ȻǻĹҵء
ûж˵ʲô뽪һֱӱǰ


1427 ս֮
Ժʱһ㣬һƬǷɽȺڣԶԶĿȥڱ鲼һΰ꣬ڣڸһЩĵطԿ٣֯ǳһ㡣
뽪Լûʲô˵ģת۱ؽǰҼŵӵܵĿ־Уƽصڡ
ʱ䣬ڣһӵܸ˲ĵŵŵɺˡ
㡭ô
˿ڣȴǶš
ɨһۣû˵ʲôƫͷһλá
ͬһʱ䣬ƿյӰգǰ
ߣԴڲڣʱˣе񾡽Ա̹ǣȭͷ˷ŭɱ
һɱҵļĸ೤Ϻ벽㾳̫ϳϣһ˸ɱǵ㾳棬Ƕޱȳޡ
ɨ⼸һۣɲ˵ΪʲôǺһԴȽתߣ򣬺Ը
ƽʹҳϸӷŭеɱŨҡ
кĳǡ̫ϳǺڣ񴳵ڣҪ彻͵ԴΪʲôط
һĴҧŭ𷭹ɱ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ˣŭ
ڸǻᣬϧ

ʼպƽϲޱҳϸӵķŭ
Ҵɱ⣬ɱ⣺ɱ󣡼ɶҲ˭ܴ֮£˭
ס֣
һ𣬼żҴϵĻϡ
һӰǳ
ǡ峤ϡ
ӵܵ
쿴⣬ų峤ϣô⣬ʼƽ
תۣ峤룬ԡ
壬ʱ򣡡ҴϿ峤ϣԷǰЩһֱûϢ֪ںη񣬶ԷˣǡʱһǿսҵȺɱͻɶɱһ˴ڰ벽ɾҪġԭԺϸ㽲
峤ϵĿ˵ϣеɱŨЩ
һڵ峤ϣԺɽɱͻ߶ĸǿ
ϣ˵峤Ͽ죬дԵĻңеĶҴϵʲôҪ󣬶ӦǧҪ֣
ʲôҴϿ峤ϣŭ˫Ŀ壬°Դ𣡿֪˵ʲô֪ʲô桢̫ϳϺϽΪڴſҪ彻бԴ㾹ȻǲҪ֣ǴӦҪ󣿣
ԱߣҳҲ峤ϣ峤ô˵Ȼ
峤ϼе֪з£ڻʱѾ˵ˣʲôϣҵģǧҪ֣д鷳
˵ţҴ϶ߣֻҴ˵˼䡣
ʲô
Ҵϵһϵŭʧͷ˲亹
뽪վһƽĿҴϼˣ糣
ˣǲ
ڵɺƽ
Ҵһʱ죬岻ɵöѵǽ
˻һ֮ǰһҳ϶ʱһԡ
һ˿ڣΪһĶϣҴϵϣ⣬ΪʲôͻȻ
죡
Ҵϵͺ𣬴˵Ļ
ֿڣԸҵļۿվǿȥȡۻĵԴܿ콫ڵһڱ龧ȫȡԼ֣ӼһıΪҵ׶ŲʣŽ֮ݸ졣
Ҫģˣ
ҧ
ɨۣ׶Ϊʮ걦ٵۿԪ챦εı಻ʤ⣬ֱҩҲǼ࣬龧߰ڽͨҲǷǳ࣬ɵĵ൱
ȡ׶ϵӡĨԼʶӡһڱ΢ɨ峤ϣ漴к뿪
һӵĿ졢뿪ֱ⣬ӰʧڵڿǶĳһ
ϣô£ΪʲôͻȻı⣿ΪʲôҪͷɼɱηǰҶϿҴϣɫ࣬漴ֿ峤ϣ壬ʹ˵Щʲôô£
ͬһʱ䣬طһϺһӵܶ峤ϡ
峤ͻȻأʹ˵˼仰ϱͻȻı⡣
峤Ͽ뿪ķдڵľ⣬һǿڣһʱ֪̺ɵȫˡ
ʲô
⻰һҶϺһҳ϶ʱʧɫ
ͬһʱ䣬һӵҲһ
̺ɵ
ôܣ
⣬⡭
һ˾塣
̺ɵҲΪܹ󶥼УУҸǿһЩȴɵһ𣬶ˣ
⡭ȷ
ҶϿ峤ϣȻ
¿Ц𣿣
峤ϵϸ֮ǰżȻɵһȺӿ־Ӵܣ֮ǰѯʣ֪ɵ켸٣ҲпѾ𣬵𾪣ǰ̺ɵ֮󣬿Ƭưܵķ档
У֪ɵԼ̵ĶԹ֪ҲԹԼҳ壬ڼ֮ǰ˻
ղǺ֣ǡƱػᲽ̺ɵĺ󳾡
˵

ϣڴ߳ңʱѾ뿪ںԶ
˵ǸϣղôͻȻıˣʼһ׺ݵҪɱǵô̬ȱô죿Ǹصʲô峤ϣ˵ʲô
Щ档
бСԴô˵Ҵϸı⣬˵峤ϵĻǿ־ˣô峤֪ĹǵУʲôҴϿ־壿Ȼֻǵ̺ɵ¡
һ㶣˵Ǹ峤֪ǵ̺ɵ£֮ǰҴϵʱ˵ݾ£Ϊ£ҴϿ־ˣ֪Ƕ֣Ҳ̺ͬɵǰ㱻٣ֱӸı⣬ʵ˵ţ򣺡ȷʵֻ


1428 ֮
һѣ˲Ҵ̬ȱ仯ԭ
Ǹͷǵľϡ
˵
ֻҪǸˣ֪º󣬶жϡ

ͽԼ˿ϣƬ֮߳ȥԶ
ǰȥƬɹȰɣһҪĶ鷳ǰȥȡһ¡
ʱ
ǵġɹȡһ齣Ƭȴ쳣գһ㾳ǿ߽ҲȻΪֻ壬Ҳ޷ȻĽɹ벽ɼǿڣȴⲻ
Ƭ󶥼еĶԹѽ壬ǸȥȡƬˡ
û⣬ȥɡ
Ц
£֮ǰᵽһֱ
лǰ

£·ͽԼһһ̶ķǰУ;˺ͨʱһɽǰ
˵ɽȣʵϵҲ׼ȷΪ̫ˣɽ빹ɣ͡ɽȡʲմߣһƬɽȺ
ȥֲϡ裬ƮһǵһƬɽ
طֻԶԶĿǰ˲һļ¸С
˵ʲôɹȣЩ°
ۡ
ΪߣȴܹĸоƬɽȺĲ򵥡ңôһƬɭڣȻǿˣӱҲܿˡ
£Լȥ潫ǶȡˣĻȵڡֿôǰоΣ
򵥡ûʲô⡣
һЦǾ鷳ǰˡ
طΪµһκӰѰһƫƧĽ䣬ͽԼֱӲС
ʼһ̤Уʱñ·̤뵽һڤ㡣
䡣
䲻Ķ¡
쿴н֯â˳ȥ
ɽзڴ죬һƺʹÿӱЩ
ɽ࣬ʪطֺֺɫͬѪˮȾİ㡣
һ·ɽУǰúǿԶ
໣
һͷѪë޳ͫױ̣Ϣˣȵۿǿߡ
ֱ̧֣һƽ֮ĵķ顣
һ벽ɼǿ߶ѣһͷȵۿʿޣʵڲʲô
Уһ·ȥ;ٹǱ׾ٵĽ
ģøӱ䣬ǰһɽ룬ϺƣطҪŨһЩߵӰվ
վ
΢
ԶԶĿȥߵӰնޱȹϵķΣԵһûһ˿һȫˡҪǣԲŷǳŨϢɵ򲨶һ˵ĸо
⡭ǣۣòɼǿߵʬʬ˰ɣ
ȻܹоߵӰǻˣϢɵǳŨԶԶǰ벽ɼʿ߱Ϣɵȵˡ
ȻҲ¶ݣԿ϶ǰҲɼǿߣ
ͻȻԶɽϣߵӰͬʱƫͷͬʱͫڶ
һ£Ƿˣ
ɽɽ߾߹ʬҲ֪˶ôƾõ£ʬ಻նľͫ׿ˣڤ뵽Ƭ߸ʹһ㡣
ǰܽ𣿡

߾߹ʬǳ£ϴⷽɹȡƬΪ߾߹ʬòߣΪʱǿ˲٣ﵽ˲ڣ߾߹ʬʱȴҲһɾ޴ѹûſԽǡ
ɽϵ߾߹ʬû⡣ǿ߷ǳ£ǰϾֻɼǿߵʬѣڰ벽ɼԣʲô
˵ţͽ󣬰벽ɼӿǰȥ
ɽϣ߾߹ʬܣľӲ˿ͬһ㶯ˣһɹɴ̹ǵ磬ɭ级ˡ
ߣһͺֱӸֳһͷȫɰ벽ɼ۶ɣֱһβʮɽ룬ڳ߾߹ʬϡ
ʱ߾߹ʬͬʱĺɣһԶ
áñ
˿Һ
ҲݣѾʶǿͿ£ʱʩչһβ߾ɹʬͬʱɣɲɵЩԾ
ƫͷ߾߹ʬɵķ򣺡Щϧˡ
߾߹ʬǰӦɼǿߣ̺Ѫ⾫ǳˣûʬ䣬ʥЩΪض߾ʬ䣬ʬڵѪ⾫ضѾʴȾ֮ɣֻк档
ǰȥ

á

߾߹ʬɺûٻط˳ⷽɹȸȥ
ܿ죬ɽ뱻˦߳˺Զ
߹
ѣйצ̽Ѫⸯ࣬ϲɵ򣬷ǳˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶһͷܣһֻͫѪϢɵˡ

Զһɽڷɳһͷͷ­ֱˣϢɵ֮֯ǰ߾߹ʬҪǿࡣ
漴һӰ࣬ԷǻԲŷǳ˵Ϣɵ򣬿·ǳ
ɹʬ
ֱۡ
ҲǳԾʵû뵽طȻôɼʬ
ǰطȻôǿߣ
ľﻹ治ɹȡ֡
䣡
ܣһɼʬɭϢʴˡ
԰벽ɼԵҲʲôת۾ȫ
֮˼ǰУһ߳ȥԶѾǳ
ʱ뵽һƬԿտϵɽ࣬ǳɫǰУһƺɫЩɽھƮܡ
ͬһʱ䣬濪ʼ𶯣պŤһģȻ佻֯ʹطĿͻȻޱѹ֡
ͬʱһɫͱ䡣
ôˣʲô
ļ¡
Ȼǿ벽ɼʱҲǲɵ¶ݡ
ֱۣɨܣ漴ɫһ䡣
鷳ˣ

ۣתۼ俴ණʱǿ뵽һµɱУΪƬɹյʮصеɱ
Щɱһطγһɱ֣ɱɼǿߡ
䣡
ģȻҲڶѪɫ֣ͬˮư㳯˾ȥˡ


1429 ѰƬ
Ѫɫǳ£Ӿ˵Ļ֮ȴʹ˶һëȻĸо·һ޵еնһ
ͺ𣬰벽ɼԴͨݻԴӭϡ
䱾ԴΪһͷȣŰɣΪˡ
ȻѪɫЩ£˲㽫䱾Դ顣
ܵɣ͵һһѪ
Ѫɫȴû˿仯Ʋѹ
ҧȫ߶벽ɼ¯ıʩΪ򵴹Ѫɫ
ײԣȴɵסѪɫڻѹ
⡭
һ벽ɼȻסѪɫ
ҧ԰벽ɼ¯߶ĸǿɢǿơ
ǣȻãѪɫڱֻѹٶࡣ
ȻһĻסѪɫкܽȴǿԼ侲ţת̽Ѱܡ
һۣʮȥȫѪɫȴʱѪɫǰѹֵϢһ޴ӿĸо
ǰкˣ
ʱһǰӭѪɫ
Ѫɫļ϶ۺɿĲ׽طشƣԿһЩʱǰڵϺݺһ̤ʱ޾ûصףԵصǣһƬѪâ
ѪâѪɫϢ൱ͬͬԴųѪɫӭϡ
ͣ
ײһ죬Ѫɫɢͬһ㡣
һĻʹýһĿ𺳡
Ѫɫղ벽ɼã֮סʱȴô򵥾ͽˡ
Сѵǲһ㡣
̾
⵽ôģôµѪɫǰ԰벽ɼסȴô򵥾͸ˣҲ̫˰ɣ
侪ʵ
֮ǰ˵ҶԵƱȽ϶ղǽطĵ֮

䲻Ǻףʲô˼˵ţʵУôЩܣʱطƮһѪɫͬʱһƵȻ䣬Ǻһ𣬽ȫסˣһɷǳѹֵϢ֯طʱʱŤЩˡ
֮ǰǵѪɫطĵ۳һȻɱҸղǿдӵͬȻɱ֮ײ
˵ţɨܣͣٺܿ죺򵥵˵̤һɱⷽɱ˷Բʮɱ֮ƣֻҪлУһʱͻΪⷽɱֵĹĿꡣ
ɱ֣룬ǲǾǣγɵȻɱ󣿡
˼

Σ
ܿ¡˵ĨɱһɼǿߣԲ˿⡣
⻰һĽ䵱Բۣ˵һˣ
һ̣ԻָӦа취ƽɣ
ãܹôĵһУҸղҲֶνǵѪɫĨˣӦܹзƿطĵɱ֣ƽ߳ȥ
Сѣа취
ҲʵңҲǾӦа취
ͷƽ⡣˵ţǵǰ
ۺѾطĵɱֹ죬֪ôƽ⣬ȴǲҪİ벽ɼ
䣡
ʱطպʹظӿ񱩵𶯣ƮܵѪɫͬԼʶ㣬ʱˣʮռͬʱɿѹˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƮܵȻ䶶иµĻĻꡣ
ռ䣬ѹֺͻϢøŨȻɱӿĺƵ
طĵɱ֣ˡ
ǰ鷳ɸң¯Ҳʱҿƣ
ٵ
ûԥѾ֪Եһ;ǳͨʱԼ벽ɼԴԴϵעڣͬʱ¯ҲֱӶ졣
΢İ벽ɼӿڣ˲еÿһ䣬ֱӽתޣ֯ӿصס
ͬһʱ䣬޽׶¯һǽƣǷɾֵƽͽԼУӿص׵Եصǣ޾Ѫâǵ֮⡣
ʱ䣬וּһһ̶⣬ԵصǣĵɱϣһʮɵĹ⽣λС
ߣ
쿪ڣӭƬɱѹĻ֮ѰⷽɱΪһλãһԦơɱ⽣Уֱĳطĵɱᴩȥ
ʮɵĹ⽣ˣٶȿ켫ӭطĵɱѹĻϣǿȻдɾ룬ⷽɱԵһλһѷ죬ǿд˳ȥ
һ˲䣬ܵѪɫȻȫʧʮɵĹ⽣Ҳ֮ɢ¶ıˡ
ˣ
侪ϲ
ʱ򣬿û˸ղŵѹֺͻ֮ȻѾɱг
Сѵǲ
޵
ôһµĵɱ֣벽ɼһҲûУȴǽһ˿ʹͽ䰲Ȼ˳ʵ𺳡
ûǰҲû˿취߲Ц⣬Ҳøл̡ɵеǰǿǣطĵɱΪ·ĽȽǿնɱĻУУܿ£аȫǵȷǾܳҲˡ
˵ţ¯޽׶ɹ⣬ʱ򶼱úܻңȻܵĲȽϴ
⵹Ҳǲʲôûгִ𣬺ָܻܿ
Ⱑǰȥһˣȥˡ
ĵ
һЦǰɡ
ʱѾǷɵĿɱ߳콫޽׶¯ͣϢһ£ⷽɹȥ
ǵٶȷŵĲܿ죬Ҳһ۱ʱʱȥ
ʱһ̣ǰһɽ貵Ĺȥһ߲Ƿɽ𺳡


1430 Ѱʮ
߲ʹԴֻȭͷСȴ·һ޵еۣΪ֮
ԶԶĿ߲⣬еһĨտտâ
ƬɹڵĽƬҵˣ
ͬһʱ䣬Աߵͫ͵Ľ¶ɫڼ߲ʹԴһ˲һľĸоĲͬѰ̫һˡ
֮Դ
ȵĪڽ䣬ǰ߲ʹԴֱӵԲ˫ۣǣ
ܹͨǣͨһ߲⣬ųһУѹƴϵүүƬŵڵ߲⸽õһɣӵзǷЧΰܿ
û뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼطһ߲⣬ͨϵǴŵڵ߲ȫһģһͬͬԴ
⡭
ۣ˼֮ɫ
ǰ䣬ңȥȡȻ뿪
ʱ
⻰һͽ䶼һ
֮ǰᵽҪȡǸ߲⣿
Ծ
ǡ

ûֱ˲Զǰɽϡ
絽ⷽɽϵһ˲䣬ɽ֮ȭͷС߲ʹԴһɢ߲ɫâøŨһЩͬʶ㣬˹
һĻʹͽǴ󾪣ǽ䣬һĲ˼顣
⡭
Ӳûɳ
ԭͨźط߲ʹԴһģһ߲⣬ѹƴųһУ˿Կ㾳۷ǿҲУ˴ǰãطһһģһ߲ʹԴǰԲڵΪȴ˿ų⣬ӽ
ˣ
Զ߲ʹԴ֯ŵ߲ʹӳңߣǰ³
عԴûɢǿϢǣȴĿѹһС
ϣеĴڳ
н֯âԶӹʱؿƬܹ򣬱Ϊ齣Ƭ
齣Ƭһ漴̧֣ļĽ˸΢⡣
һ̣ȭͷСĽƬһ߲ɫβͣವûڡ
ûڣ
ԶһҲ𺳡
ɽϣֱվɽۣƬڣһʶУʶײ߲ԣΧתһȦ󣬾ֱû롣
ʱ䣬һһ߲⽻֯
ȻӦĵһĻҲ֪ѰƬһԴǷǳϤûκԥֱת̫ľɿЩ߲ʹ⡣
һʱ䣬ľʱʼΪҲǻ
ˣһۣʱȥ
ʱطѰĽƬ׺ʶеںһʹиķ
ͬһʱ䣬ľ֮ʱǰǿΪﵽ˲ڵжΡ
һǳŵĽϾǴڲླҪ󾳽ʹΪӲٽﵽжΣѶȿɲһˣһЩ˺ķһӶ޷һֻʱˡ
ȭо˿̵ԼȰʱǰǿ˲٣ɨʶײ߲񽣺һ뿪ɽ봦صԱߡ
һ߲ôӽ㣿ôô׵ȡ߲⣿Ϊʲô
ʵǾɫ
ͨһ߲ʹԴ㾳ǿ߶޷طһͨǷ߲ʹԴһģһһѹȴ죬ȡߣʵ벻ͨ𺳡
ΪʲôΪƷȽϺá
ۣȻشܲ⡣
ЦȡĽƬ鵹ǱȽϺá
漴кɹȥ
ʱطĽƬѾȡһûıҪ

ɹڣһƣЩ䡣
˴ӹߣΪΣյĵطѾ߹ԣԭ·طȥḺ́˳һЩûкķѶ೤ʱ䣬Ǵɹȿ˳ȥ
ĶѾȡѰСᵽǿǵλ𣿡

ӹ԰߳Ӧ£һɹȡһһǰǿѰһǵǿꡣ
ɹڵĶѾȡŰһҲɡ
ԣоֱֳâǰˣ
£ɹ⣬Ž䣬ǣͻܹȻǳϣֱӲǿ֮ڡ
ȥǿ΢ԵЩ谵âƣһΰͺ嫵ĸо
ǰ鷳ˣ
˵ǳϸĺʮǿǵı
ʮ߳ǿǿŹǺܾãģ
Եͷ벽ɼʶֱӼޣӿڡ
ԺʶϾ˵ͨǿниָݣԼȥ߸ʱͣ
Ź𣿡
̯âۣ֯һԲǳ
ǳɫʰ쵣ԣԶ޷ܹȣСǳ֮ȴǹʣԵЩá
ûǳиľâøŨ
ԣ
ͷ
ͷЦǾҵˡ
˵ţüڳһʶѰʮǿʶ
ӵʮǿ꣬еľâŨ˼֡
лǰ
ڵл
ǿѰʮǿŹǵǿ꣬뿪԰ǰ֮һԭûбҪл˿̻ǵлˣΪ뿪ʮʧȥط·һֱͦƵģѰʮǿ꣬õ˷ʮ·ĺܸˡ
СѿˣҴӦҪΪС£ֵСѵлЦ΢Щ棺С㣬ѰǿǳǿΪΣ
Ϊǿǳϵ·˺ѶǿŹϣΪһԶǿǳͬʱһʼ֪ǿǳǿֱ꣬ӱʧȥ˻ط·Щһֱȥ
򵥵ĵ
Ȼԭ˵ţֵǣСǴ뿪ܹǣǿǳȥ
ˡ
ͷ
ΪԶʮ򣬲֪ط·޷ȥڹȥôʱʮǺǡ
ͬʱǳʹԶʮǿŹǣĵʮЩǺǣЩضÿʱÿ̶ڵϾǶԣԶʮȫʧˣΪû֪ȥ
ԣʱѰʮǿ̸꣬ϻȥ


1431 ʮͥ
ԶʮѾȥܶˣİѰʮǿǵǿܸ꣬ˣȻڵһʱϻȥ
ʵھߣ
ھߡ

˵ţٴлԷȥɹѰƬԼѰʮǿŹǵǿ꣬ȻΪԷ߳԰Ĺϵɺܸлңʱ䣬ԷҲæ
СѲÿСѣ֮£ûСѣûҵδǷ԰ڣȻﵽ㲻֮Ҳû˿塣ڣԵĻлСѻعұñչسɾˣƵñչء˵ţ¶ź֮ɫ
һֱڱչسɣΪӦ˶Գ֮Ŵõġ񡱶ǿгأ쾭£Ѿڳɾȴϵʱ䣬Ӱ첢Сٵȥˣд
ǰĺ⣬ˣѾ鷳ǰô࣬Ӱǰɾˡ쿪ڣ漴ЦǰĻټͨļһܷǳɾ磬ңɾͬڣ޵С
Ⲣǹά˵ʵͨļԳɾǹ屦ͨ鼫ɾܹɣңһɾΪĹϵޱͬ޵опܡ
ãͽСѼˡЦϣлСټ
˵ţͬͨ˰㣬֡
һЦֺգ漴ɿ
ǰټ
𣬶ֱӴŽ뿪âԶ
ͽ뿪ķֱ˳ʧҰУǺ뿪ܹǽ䣬ܹڱչأڳɾΡ

ֿŽ䣬һ۱Ѿǿг˺Զ
⽻֯ɫ⣬֮Ž䴩УϾΪֻվΣԶԶԴﵽǿдеĲΣܲǿеѹ
˵طڵǿʮǣϵöʱţ

ȻվΣļȴǷǳǿ󣬼ʶܹ㣬ڴǿ²ܳԾүүʹǿһʱ䡣
򻹸Ƭҵٶȣ;Ϣꡣ

ٶȣʵϱ֮ڵǿҲ٣ǿʵ̫ˣҪ嫵ǿ߳ٴйƬİԴﵽʮǿǣмľٲȻһ֣Ƿǳķʱ䡣
һ棬ǿձݷǳ̣Ҫǿ˺ǿͨԶ봩ƶΪҲģȻ㾳ĲǿҲûôҪ߱˺ǿͨҲôﵽɾ
ǰүүҵǿͣʱҲͲնѣҪǿд꣬뻹ͦ˼ġ

조Ŷû˵ʲôٶȺܿ죬ͬɫǿдС
ȻΪﵽʮҪǿдϴʱ䣬ԣҲֻǼ򵥵ǿƶһ߳ʮǶȥһǿձԴͬԵȥܹʱǰ㣬һƵĻ
ˣҴҶš
һ죬ŽһƬİ򣬲úһž޴ǳǰ
ȥŹǳű׼ԲΣɫʰ쵣ʣʲôƵģһøС
ˣ
ɫʰ쵵Ĵǣ˫ֳһ貾â
ŴǣȻʮ
ԵǿճϫԶʮʱѾȥʮ꣬ʮһ죬Ѱص
˵ʮ򣿡
ǰŹʵ
ͷԡ
ʮǣһѽע⣬漴һƿʮǳϣｵ䡣
֮ת۶ѣŽ䴩ǳϣǳڲ
һƬε¿ȥһƬƽԭ磬ʮĵʮ
Բླɨⷽ򣬷Ƭʮǰʱһδ䣬ûɽûкֻĿꡣΨһͬǣʱƬ﷢˲ӰڲͬĬĬʵ
ȻЩ˵ʵ󲿷ֶųϵȴǶ߱ԿƬΪȻǱǿ²Ŵ뵽Ƭ
ҽƬ󣬴ﵽ׼ϵ˱ǾͿƿƬϽУ֮ûдаᵽֻд󴫳еǿߴԼһǰƬУ

ôţȴǲ⣬ŽϢƬʧһ̣ʮĵھ֮ڡ
漴ٴ˲ƶһ㣬ŽһɽȺ֮⡣
ȥƬɽȺڵɽԲߣȴÿһһɷǷƣͬһͷͷ޺ڴϰ㣬ǳˡ
ɽȺڣܼɵ䣬׳ݻռŷԲʮرУͬҲһУһǿĵţرǧɸߡңϲеһÿһǷǳ޴໥ֲеķǳɣ¡
һ㰡¶ɫĸоǳоȻòϰɣ


1432 ˹
ǰɽȺڵһֺһձоſ֯ŵĵʵЩԾһĵطɾܾ߱
ʲôط
졣
ͥĴС

Ŀ֮ԻΪƬɽȺ£һԪ൱Ĺʵ
ɶ
ۣطµĴУ쾹ȻһУ
ûж˵ʲôǿƯʮ꣬»صͦá
ˡ
к䣬ɽȺڣܿͥǰ
ͥͥΰǳʮɱ⣬Ժ£˿ǰһǰѯʣλкΡ˿ڣһ̺ɫò˫ֱӵɴ󣬼ǾǾϲɣɡɵ۴ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬طһɱϳ죬һǴ󾪡
ɵ۴ˣ
μɵ۴ˣ
æд
꣬ͥɵۣһƽڰңǿնڤ֣ǽʮڵʮմ£ʮͥһɱɽһ˶Ժޱȳ羴
ʮǰʮһֱûлع飬ͥʿ֪ʱʮǰЩͥɱǸǼϲ

һҲûмӣЩɱŽ䲽֮ͥڡ
ɵۣͷȥͦơ
ĵ
ұҲơ


Ʋ죬һ룬쵹˵ʵദЩʱȷǺƣ˵ǿƣԴ˼ֱ͵һͿ
ͥڣһ໥һ𣬽ԺܲõķǳйɣеͥŨһЩŲɱɽͥ߶漴Щɱɽתۿ죬־ϲȫдΰݡ
Щͥȥһһɢǿʹüǿ̼Ƶͥڣ˹Ǹ֪ع¡
ʱͥһƬŮӽԾ¶ϲ֮ɫ
磿ǸϢ
ϦͼꡢѩҹŶһУʱһ
ǼһϢûģˣ
ϲ
ϦǼһξͳ˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ͥ⼸ڣ桢С̫ԡơӢۺҶͯҲӦ¶ݡ
ʦϢʦˣ
Ҷͯ˫۷
ûǻСӵɣȥʮ꣬ڳˣ
С̫ĵĽ˵һɢһɫ⣬˲Ϣʧԭء

ŽͥڣԵ÷ǳƽϵЦ⡣
ͥʮع飬һַǳʵĸоǳɡ
ಣ
ƿյɫһС̫˳һǰ
ѽ죡
СһѩףֻСצë׵ģ۾ʮԵúܸˡ
Ͼ쵱ԶʮѾȥʮʱ䡣
ʮ겻СһǺġ
Сһþò
ҲǺܸˡ
Աߣ俴С̫˫˲ÿɰСһ
ò˵ѩһԹС̫ǺܿɰһЩŮԣǳɱֱûסֳСһﱧȥ
ѽ
Сһʮ־裬˵Щһ¾˿ȥý
Сһұ
Щζ
ʱƿյٴһӰһ˵ϡ
磡
ϦС̫֮ϵʮָˡ
һˡ
ЦŵϦԴ
һ̣ƿһһ𣬼ꡢѩҹ桢ŶҶͯӢۺͰ̳֡
ʦ
Ҷͯǰдʱô꣬ϵѾȥ
Ц͵Ҷͯ
һЩܵʲôطȥˣʮֱӾʧˣŶݣȫݲκζʦһ
ﹾ
ʮڵʮһ߽ϣһ߸մɵȴûзءֱ֮ʮʱȥʮƷ⣬С̫ΪٵʮѰãȴҲûмټ֮С̫Ŷݣ޹κ͵ϾƹһʲôҲѰ̽˿
㲻ҵ£ҵйأЩ⣬ƷʮϺҴӵʮϳ壬󣬽뵽ǿ֮УȻǿճϫδֱ֪ǰѰ·óﻰеĵģŰֿꡢѩҹ桢ŶˣЦЩǵˡ
ûµģͺáңЩȻΪʧģҲûйֵĺܽϾͥµĻƣ֪

ᵽĵʮ֮ϡǿա˶û̫ȣΪС̫ѰĹУҲǿУ֪ȫ߸һˡ
Сӣ˵˵Щ㶼ЩʲɹĽ䣬ʱ¶Ц˵Сӣֹ˸
ͬһʱ䣬ͰʱҲ˽䡣
λǣ
ʵ
бһۣԼѩҹǵ䣬ԼĹȵһ󣬶󱻴͵һƬһϣֱ׷⣬¿򵥵˵һɵ˥ĵùӡ
ָŽ䣬򵥽һ
㲻ҲǱǿճϫĵط𣿺ʲô𣿡˵ţѣȫû˶⣬òĶһǷҺã䣬Ҷա˵⻰ĿڼͰȼŮϣλ㣬ǶƯѽ
ͰȼŮӿŽ䣬ɵý¶Ц⡣
Ͼ˳޺ƯûĸŮӻ᲻ˡ
ҲƯЦ䣬عǰͺһˣطԼļҡ
ллƯ㣡
ʱĲС
ҹͥڣʱʮǿһ˾һַǷƮĺԶ
Сӣȥʮ꣬Ϊﵽʲôˣүȫ͸
ʵ
ôһʣ˶ǲɵÿ죬һԺ֪
ڡ

ʲô
⻰һȴ֪ΪĽ⣬ط˶һ
үʮʱŴӰ벽ۻʴﵽ׼۷ѣȻѾ嵽ླˣ
ֱۡ
һֱ֪ٶȺܿ죬ȴҲû뵽쵽ȳ̶ȣʮʱѣȻʹӵڿ뵽˲ླʵЩˡ


1433 
ڵڣмǸŶС͵ۿղ󾳽磬ȻʮͿŶС͵ۿ󾳽Σﵽ˲ླ磬ٶȲò˵ܺˣʹͥȴ˶ԾȻǰȵ˶⣬˸
һı̬
ﹾ档

Ʋ
һЦȽϺöѣܶࡣ˵ţطһˣǿдУʮ䣬õ˲ٺöΪΪ
˵ţ΢ʯȡһЩһЩҩʱʹطĿȾһŨŨķ㣬ڣзǳ˵ĵ֮֯˳
Щǣ
ЩƵ˶һ
ЩҩǼʶȴܹоǵķͬѰ
ǵ޶ɵ쵤Ρǧ٤ꡢ֥ѩظߺ͵ۻʼʿΪʱڣ˶̤𾳡
Щϵ̡ɵͻĹȡ
̤𾳣
Ƶۣ죬Щ󣬿ֱӿ𾳣
мľ룬Щ޴󰡣
ģû⡣ЦŵӦÿǽԴﵽϡ
һΪҶͯϦ۷壻ꡢ桢ѩҹԡӢ۾죻Ŷ桢ƾ죻ھ죻׼۷壬ۻʾֻһС
С̫ѾҪЩˡ
С̫
ջͥʱûȥעСһΪʱԲ༶ɨӣǷ֣СһѾﵽۿվˣڵۿճڡ
СҲĹ֣ƽռûˣ˯ΪȴǱ˭Ŀ죬һעͽˡ
Щԡ
Сһ
Ц
С̫ſͷѽĽ̬䣬ǻ죬Ѿô꣬ȴû˿ı仯ͬСһ㣬ǳ˰
ЦСһԴһ˵ôڿʼЩҩаɣΪǻ˵ţ䣬ߵĵùӣҲһͽദôãһ߹طȻǰｪҲΪ
ͥĿռǳֻͥĺĳԱʸ룬һ죬ط콫ȡǵ޶ɵ쵤Ρǧ٤ꡢȱҩȺķˣü
ڽ䣬ΪΪԽϵͣһʼֱЩȡѵ龧ҩ䡣
˵ԣļƺ̻ǿӦĵر㾳үүΪƻ屦ʹȥǿһ㣬ԿóļӦǷǳܳ裬Ȼ˳谮㣬ұҲǰǿ󣬾ǿҲܽѵ߶Ȱɣôվ磿
һֱͦ档
䷭ۣԽǿļ崫УԺ˵ҪǾԽϸôܻ龧ҩȥֱӶ˵Ϊܲܳ谮ûκιϵֱ龧ҩȥ˵ΪһĴкûһ˿һĺô
ԭ
Ȼһ룬Ļȷʵеֱ龧ҩȥ˵ΪһĴкȷʵûκһ˿ĺôԡ
ûٶ˵ʲôһ˿ʼС̫һΪ˻
һûԥ¸תйʼµıҩ
ʱ䣬һ˵ľΪǷɿ
ʱһΣһ¹ȥ
䣡
һ죬ͥһףͨɾΣͨɴ١
÷ģ

˵ţָһâû񷣬ֱӽϵĽٸ顣
ɹͨɾɢľɿ
ͬһʱ䣬ϢҲԼʽٵ
ˣûãһ˵ΪͿʼͻƣһһεĴΪƿ
ˣ
ͬɫ⽻֯Ƭռ䣬âŨ
תۣһʱָͬɳɿš
һʱһ˲ʼնÿͻһС̨׶պټУһ콫µıҩȺϣϵϢǱǿޱȣлѹںƵǳˡ
ˣȫﵽ죡


1434 ɽټ
һʱ䣬ȫﵽأȻǽҲ⣬ⲻò˵һ׳١һʱйУİ࣬ϾֻվлԣԶԶ޷ͼȡ
أЦ֮ǰʮصĹǴӰ벽ۻʾﵽ׼ۼ۷壬񣬽һʱ䣬׼۷ﵽأֱǡˬ
ȷʵˬ
Ӣ۸ŵ
Ϊ壬࣬Ըֱʱһ˷ܡ
ֻһʱѣıҩǵΪԴﵽأ£벻˼С
ȻŶʱҲǲɵ˸ԵЩϲ
Сӣûö
ƺЦ
ôһ˵Ҳ죺ԣûöó
Ǻ춼ս֮Ȼ˿ûпıҪ
ȻС
Ц
˵ţ̧֣ʱʮڱԻԽ֯ƣ
һ˲ѣطֱӱʮɱϢ֣ռ䶼Ť
Щǣ
Щ˽ԳԾͬȵİ涼⡣
ı

Щܹϵõʱȡһһָˡ
лл磡
ϦԱߣֱ۵
Ǵ𾳣ͳʵǸǺܶࡣ
ɵѾͷ绹˵лл
ЦϦĶͷ
֮ȡһЩ̵ͨġɵ䡷ɵġ޾ԼĹҵġ׾ɼž֮ƺͷӢ۵˲򣬶һ˽дá
ڰͼȼŮӣûбҪȥЩžǻġ̫žġҩ䡷ΪʮԶŵǾŸǷǳߣʲôεĹžȻ˵ȴԶɼ
ǿʮ꣬ջֱ̫ʢˣɹžȡ
ĵǾȡ
һЦö
У
ۡ
Ȼ
Ц
˵ţ̧һڶȡͨ彻Ϣɵ򣬺Ȼܹҵ׶Ϊһ
ǡ
ȴ⣬ط˶ǵɴ˫ۡ
ԣ
ͷһӣ׶ûͥɵڣΪ̱
һ˲ѣⷽͥɵøֳһɵľ
ǡƵۣʵǺ𺳣죬ϹŵЦͷɵһӣỹиĺöɣ
һЦࡣ
֣ȡСһɳأŨ̼佻֯طһʱʹﻯĺһ
⡭
Ƶ˽Դ󾪡
ĴСһ۾ͿǱֶѹɵȼֵǾ˵ĺܣǷɳأޱȾˣ𺳣κһ߶ֵܵʮڸࡣ
ȡô౦
¡
һƬĵϵļȡ
Ц
˵ţʩչͥֱӽɳغ뵽֮ͥ£µͥ
һʱ䣬ͥڵŨ̷ʹͥɱɽΪ֮һ
Ũȣһ˲ǿ࣬⡭ô£
һɵ۴ڶ֣ǿͥĴи
һɵ۴һǰͥͻȻ㱩ǣԺɵ۴йأ
ɱɽۣж¶տտâ
ͥתһɳأԲ༶Ϊͥص²¸ƣͥµĵʹЩɢŨֱȥӺͣ
ʱͥڵ֮ǰŨ˼֣һС㡣
۴иǿڣûĸطܺˡ

ļΪͨĶǿڶ࣬۴иĻȴԶ޷ȣȽϴ
ֱ
һ𺳣ǾȲѡ
Цˣˡʵϣʯлнһǧûõ֮ͥ£Ҫáʱһˣֵһʱ䣬ǿԽľ綼Ƚ϶࣬ڲҪ£չһʱ䣬Ϊȹ
⵹ص㣬ȷʵҪչأȹһΪ

һʱΣȽٶЩڿˣʱҪ̱չأǰΪ磬𼶵ΪȹĻܻʹеȣպ·ܲõӰ졣
£һûԥּ򵥵һǿʼȥչء
һʱ䣬ͥֻʣС̫
Сһȥɽתת
С̫
ǿʮʱ䣬»صʮҲѾֹȥһ꣬ϦͼŮˣˣʱȥϾ飬֪Ͼʵ֮ƽռ䶼Ǵɽ
ͬʱҲ£ʮʱͻȻչˣȥô꣬룬ӦѾء
ѽ
С̫˵СԴĽ
һЦ߰ɡ
˱չΪѾҪͥһ˲ʧ
һ̣С̫һɽȺ䣬ƣˣȻλڵھɽ
طûԥСֱ̫ӿУڲúƬɽеһΪΰǰ
ָ磬ڻˣ
С̫µһ˲䣬嶥Ǵһ
̧ͷȥֻһźµŮ֣Ȼǰ
ͬʱվˡϾ飬һϮȹ¡
Ȼڽɽ˲䣬ºϾǾ͸֪
һЦǰ˲嶥
һ¾˹ôټ죬Եúܸˡ
బԴϾǰ
Сϣ¡
ЦŴк
¡
С̫ͷ˳ȥģǰ
չЦʮΪ֮ʧɫСһﱧǰ
쿴µЦգ΢΢ЩΪĺ
ͬʱ⵹ҲʹСһίʵЩĽΪܰ¶δ¶ЦòֻСһ
ˣ۾Ҫˡ
Ͼ黵Ц
ʱЩΣ̲סɿ
ϾЦĸˣƮ˹ΧתȦ´졣
漴лһƾâһЩȡ
ˣʮع飬ΪȻѾˡ˵ţ¶ЦСһĲӣԺ㱣


1435 ܲ˵
Ͼ˺ܶ꣬ǴòϿȥȴʼǸʮһСŮһͷ˳㷢ȻĴ䣬ɷǿɰѵǴ˵еľһ㡣
챻ϾôŲӣֻúܰ
СҲۿվˡ
ɨӣϾΪС̫һҲǴڵۿճڡ
ϹʱﵽۻʲΣΪԭúܼѣõڷ⳾Ѱʯ⣬˳
ϾЦ
ԶݣϾνġԭָÿһΪȫʧʧȥ£
ǵ£ҲӰ𣿡
ʵ
ϾȻ֪ʲôǵ£ֻԭһֶѣʶԣǱԴЩ⣬Եµۻʾб쳣ѡ
ԭ
Ȼ
ֱգ֪Ͼ鵱ÿһΪȫʧԭԭԴ⡣
ã⣬Ѿˡ
ǣ˵ʲô
±С̫Ͼ顣
Ϊ˲µģϾ鲢ûнԼÿһΪȫʧʧ䡱¸£¶Դһֱ֪
ûʲôС¡
ϾЦĵ
¿Ͼ죬ĿϾϣҲС
첻ɵЩЦÿμϾЦĽΪС¡Ȼһ˵ҲСȻʱܾЩ֡
£˶ʵǸ£ڵΪﵽʲôˣ
ʮʱһֱµΪǿʮﵽ˲ླȴɿ͸µΪоһ޵׺ڶ㡣
ˡ»ûڣϾȿˣĲӣһ㣬㻹ǲҪ֪ȽϺãܲ˵ġ˵ţ¶һĨĻЦҵ˼ǣѹ޴㶮ġ
ϾϵĨ飬΢ЩգԻζһϾĻʱȴǲɵͷ΢
ڵϣϾӦǳȴ±⣬Ψһ֪жǿˣ˿Ͼ㿪ڣǱڵ˼Ȼᡭ£µΪѾﵽһǳ˵ĸ߶ȣԶԶΪΡ
£Ŀⲻɵ΢Щ˸
С£ҪҪ裿
Ͼֿڣ¡
µͷڣúϵһƬСԺ
СԺһļ򵥣ԺΧʱƶɣԺһʯżľΣһֲɣӵϢ
裬죬飬úطŨĲƮ
Ȳ㣬첻ɵøоԼľһ˲ƽ˳౶˶˱ÿ
㣬˸԰ɸˣ
Ͼ鿴죬һͻЦ
죺
Ϊɽڵ翷壬Ϊ壬ŨһǷľ඼Լģеĵ򲨶ǳǿʢ
һû뿪һطһµʱ䡣
һʱ´ɽ߹طɽױϤ
֮󣬺ܿ죬һʱȥ
һ죬ºϾȥǰ͸ϾͰÿһ
£ΪϾĻУѾܹԼо·ǳǿԲûʲô䱦ûǸҪ
ȻϾͰȻܲ£ǣȡһͨ¿˸Сˡ
ܾãǵļֵҪ԰С
ϾЦĵ
Ǿǣ
ͷ
캹գΡ
ˣ𣬴ϿС̫˲ʧ
ܿ죬뿪ɽķΧϿ粽һһӰתۻصͥ
֮ɽصͥĵգͥڣʮǿϢȺ𣬼ꡢѩҹ桢ϦŶƵ˽һճأϢúΪȫȹ
Ц漴ֿڣһȥתת²ȥһ
ð
һ˽ԵͷȺˣȴ⣬˶²²򣬻ʦ²򣬻ǲ²򣬻²й²ȥһȻ᲻Ը⡣
УǾ߰ɡ
Ц
һ죬һ뿪ͥδǿ˺ϴУͨӵʱŻ²ڸͽУԵúɢ
ȻвʿһˣǶݣϾһгȴ⣬˶ͥĴʮнν˲֪
ǵЩʿһеʱԱһƬ𺳣ܼ
ɵ۴ˣ
ɵۣ
ɵ۹󰲣
һ˵ʿǳдɫǺ𾴣һ⡣
Щ죬죬⣺Ƭһ·ǵʿ˶񣬽Եú档棬ĳΪηǿ󣬶ǽԴһַĵĳ羴
ȻΪʮӢۡ
ϦԵýԺ
꣬ڵھͥƽڰңڴ˹ϵڤ壬ƷʮڵʮڸΪʮ򽲵Ϊʮʿ»羳оԼҪ壬ʮ˶֮мӡ
磬ǷԹľ⡣
ϦԴЦˡ
ʵ
Ϧ
쵭Цûٶ˵ʲô
ͽУӸʱŻú߹һƬƬȺȥ塢𻯵źͰ׼ҡݷһϤĹ˳ߡͬʱԶ֣Ϊ⼸иһʮԸƴи龧ΪԴһڲ༶걦Ϊ̱󴫳־ϲ
Щ龧ͻ걦ȻܹǼá
Сӣǿʮ꣬õı̫˰ɣүˣ
ۡ
߹塢𻯵źͰ׼ңһ־ÿһʮһڲ༶걦ڽ龧ֱЩݻ
㲻ʲô
Ц
ܹϣõһǧ֮ǰͥϻдһǧ龧ܹϵõ˽ǧڽ걦ϵõҲ٣Լһٶ
һͬУ뿪ڶ򣬽뵽һ򣬲úڡ
úӣӭ
̫ϳӭ˳Ա߸ŷԼڵļϡ
̫ϳϣǡ
һһɫء
һ죬ʱͣʱ֣ΪΪиͳһ۷弶Ļ걦Ϊ̱ͳڽ龧ΪԴȼıǿͨҲͳ١
Դˣ̫ϳϺͷȻ־ϲһĽ˸
СӣϹͷ֪˵ʲôˣ
ͿóƤӾݺļ


1436 ʮ
ļͿøпЩÿλһѶѵ汦͹žʹ÷ڸı̫࣬ǿ̫࣬һθǴ龧Լ౦ҩǿͨۻļֱֵ
񣬷ھڵһ򣬵ʮ۴иʹе̵ȣȴѾλһڡ
úӣúӣ
̫ϳϵͿһʵǲ֪Լ˿̵顣
죬ҴǰͳԼķ£л
ҲǼϲһлֱӳ칪
춯ݣæͬʱ͵ֱǧǷ֮ʦʦܣĳʦ壬ܳܲ𡣡棬ңȻУȴԶԼǷڵһӣΪųӦ¡
صĶʦǷڵӣ꽫УͬĴڣ̫ϳϺǴãΪϧ͵ʱһǿİݣʼռԶǡ
ط˵ͬһڡ
ͷ죬ĸпЦԵýˡ
ҷʦʵǡˣ
̫ϳϵʱ죬п
ϴЦ˶ٺһ£̫ϳϣʮƬѰһЩʦµټʦʮǰ뿪ڣǴʦʮ򣬶߳ʮ򣬽뵽ǿС
˵ţּ򵥺ͷ̫ϳԼ˽ʮǿеһǵ£Լǿյĺ嫣ʵʦЩ꣬ûл𣿡
Ļ̫ϳϵ˽һ
ʮǿеһǳʮ⣬ǿգǿ򣬻ǿԴأ⣬ֱЩ˳Ծ»ǵһŵס˸ֱȥʮƽ
ڣʦֺʦЩ궼Ƕǡ
ͷЩźԭΪλں󣬿ԿϾƹء
Աߣдž֮ɫүΪСȵϵʮû뵽ǸС֮ǰѾƵʮļ̱ݶȥĸпô˵ţǸˣÿÿԾ
ʦҶͯô˵ʦǵһϵʮˣ
⵹ҲǡҡͷҵΪһЩԭϵʮżȻ໭棬Һʦ֮ǰ±͵ȥ֮ǰԶʱǾλҲ˵ʮȫ˵ǿ֮С
⻰һطȴʮ˽Ľ⣬˽һ
¹ﾹȻ͵ȥˣ⡭Ȼǿɲ⣡ǳԾ뵽ᵽһ棺ԶŵǾλȫ˵ʮ򣬳ǿУ⡭ʮĴǾˣû
ʮľŴ𣬸޵£ĹžһǾʮʮʿΪѾ䣬޵£ţȴڵʮĿϣϵʮįĵʱĳ£ȻʵȻǰ㣿Ǿˣ͵˵ʮ򣿣
Ǿ˵ľޣϵʮ򣬳ǿУǾԶܴﵽ㲻֮һûǣǾҲϵʮˣһʼٵʮˣ˵˭ǣǿ󣡾ǿҵմµĻ羳ԺвԼҪ壬˿ӡڵʮһʯϣʮϣҲΪµϢԱơ
ʲô
ʮ֮ộȻΪΪһȥµϢ£
⡭
һ˳Ծ
ۣ˵ʲôʮڵʯϿӡºһϵоҪ壬˵ԷѾﵽ۲Σ
ͷӦ
۾簡ڣȻ߳ǵȲεĴڣ
𺳡
Ҳһ𺳣ʮйôµĴڡ
һʱ䣬طüž˶Ǵžɫ
²Ҫ̫ȥ⣬Ͼǹϵ󡣡

ͷ⵹Ҳǡ
һ˽ƽȥ롣
֮ΪĹϵһڷͣգպ̫ϳϺͷ˸߳ڡ
ȥĹһˣȻ󣬻ر׹

һ뿪ںֱȥĹȣݷĹ˫һʮڽ龧һ˱׹ݷüϽࡢʯȳߣ౦ҩ龧͹žȣҲ˵סʺеĵ
ͬʱҲȥˣÿ˶ͳ˼ֵ׵ı䡣
֮һ»صھͥڡ
صͥڣһΰ¹ȥ
һ죬Ҷͯǰ֮ϸĲһ׼Ҷͯʮ֮ͥͥ
ͽֱ֮һ֮ݵսֱ֮Ϊ֮
Ҷͯ죬ǵһνӴ
ԡ

֣һʶڷɳ֯ɫ⣬֯绡Ϣ
Ҷͯһʦѡѵǣ
Ѿ𼶵ǿߣѾĹǿдصżʶѾףʱ򿴳ĲϳǵɫǺĸǷǳĺĸȾȵĺĸΨк쾧ܹ߱
ûȻĳҶͯѾµɵĶ֮ģɵΪʦԺ쾧ɵıԴ
ҶͯһȻѾ˲²⣬׿ڵ̲ס𺳡
ϲʦ
˵
쾧żصĶͱռʥ֮ȻҲ飬ѻҿ޽ȥǹ屦еĹ屦ʦõ쾧֮һǷıԴΪӣȻΪ֮ˡ
쵭Цֱ
ͥڵһЩɱɽΪףǰʮĸ䴫˵ţָɵ΢ΣɵҶͯǰڼ䣬ƿأΪʥ
֮ͨ䣬֮֮ͨ壬һһ֮㲻ʲô΢ëǧʮǧڵ֮ͨǽһ𣬱ͽһޱȿֲѹһУǿʿǰҲһ


1437 
һ;·ϵ辶ȻҪȥ֮УǣȴĺܲڵϵõʽҲӰڱԣ洢ֻ޺
ңͽ֮࣬ۻţгһձضܹĴá
ɵʱԼҶͯǰ֯˿˿ƵĺĸʥϣҴһɰԵϢ
֪ʦ֮һŬ
Ҷͯ¡
ãȥɡ


ҶͯͷСĽɵԼʶڣ漴뿪
ҶͯȥıӰ쵭Цһ;УѾϸĽ̸ҶͯҶͯضܹĺܺá
ǡ
ᣬͥúͥһͥԺڡ
ⷽͥԺͥһڣﻨŨܶ࣬ϦͼȼŮ֮ء
гϦꡢ桢ѩҹ׼һߡ
ðǸ磬ȥǿп뿴ʮǵģ뿴ǿеǳģ
ϦЩġ
û⡣ЦŮأرȥĵط
Ƭھ򣬻һƬķ⳾ǰսǱߵڤҲɱ뵽ߵȥƬ⳾򿴿

ͷҲô롣
ǸȥﶼС
ѩҹ
渽ͣѩҹһ
΢ЦУǾȥ⳾ʮȻȥǿתһȦ
£ϦͼŮ뿪ͥ⳾ȥǿա
Ҳһ죬Ҷͯǲͥһǿߣ̸һ;ȺɵǿߣЩͥǿ߳ͥʼʮ򲼷
Ҳǿͥͥӵ£ɵΪʥ洫ܿڷۼһͽ
ڣΪ쵱ѹڰҺͽʮ£ʿ羴мӣԣȴ⣬нҲܿв˳Ϊͥͽзͽһ㣬ɵۡ
һнеĺ˳תۼ䣬ͥͬһƻڻԭȼ𣬷ɿĳŹǵĸӣͥͽڣʱԼʽ
ʱһƻʮǳ嫣ûô򵥣ҶͯƿɵŻѪͽʮĸ䣬ڷԻ񼣣нʿ佲ʹͥһ׳
ͬһʱ䣬һͥǿҶָͯ£Ϊ֮¾ľ
֮ͥԽԽҡ

Ϧͼˣ˷⳾ǿУһſŹǣŮǿǿʱطʮ
ǿƯ
Ϧ
Ҳͷ߹ǿвٵطǿǿеĺܶǳÿһǳǾ޴ޱȣÿһǳɫʰ쵣ǳˡ
ȷʵƯΣȴҲǺܶࡣ
Ц
ǿʮأõٹżͿٹżǿյ˽ѾǺ͸ȴ̺գпһеǿճϫпʱպڶ㾳ǿ߶е׿ޣһЩƯǿеĹ쵺͹½ȣЩǿ£δ֪Ͳȷԡ
ϦͼѩҹȼŮӣԺ嫵ǿнʮڵʮе»صھ
Ƭ򣬲úȥʵһˣͳһڲ༶۷걦һʮ龧ʵǿиʹе̵ȣʵ¸𺳣̫ϳл
λǰÿ
Ц
Ͼʵ֮ʵļ̫ϳϵҲǿϾϻǳʵ̫ϳϵʾ
ڵɽûͳ龧ȣΪûǸҪɽ̫ˣȻ֮ͥҲ˿
ʵ̫ϳϣϦͼȼŮӣƬط²ڣֱֹȥһ²ػͥڡ
֮Ǵʱ䶼ϦԼȼŮһ𣬺ǰ߳ͥͽУ߹ʮ䣬ָ
ˣָͬɳһαȥ
һ죬༶Ҷͯع飬ΪҪ뿪ˣ׼ȥͨ򣬼ͽؼңΪȥڵͨȡĽƬҪɵһϣ֮ڱԴдʹĥ
ûȥãҶͯյڼ̵ʱػͥ
ʦ
ҶͯɵƮǰ
ʱɫŨˣʥϢһɲϣ·Ƕһһ㣬Ϊ
ˡ
콫ɵʶҶͯ˵
ɵΪʥǳ֮Ϊ֮䣬øǿʱһɨɵѾޱȻ֮һ󣬱ȥصĳԵϵ̫̫֮࣬ĵҶͯڴһжôŬ
Ȼ⵹˵ڵϵͿɲŬΪŹǲһʮٲȻҪĵȻҲͱȵϵԣۻ֮ϣȻҪڵϿܶࡣ
࣬ӵõ˲ٺô
Ҷͯ
꣬ʱ̺챾ԴϢͱԴɵһһֱܵϴѬգѾﵽ߶Σȱǰǿ̫ࡣ
˵ţиһ˿ɻ󣬶˶ٵǸʦӷһֵ£ɵ֮һֲʮƺʮ֮ʦʮ⣬ͽ𣿡
ҶͯĻЦŵͷĲûдȷ˵ΪǿճϫԶʮΪʦǿеһǽ٣Ϥ֮ǿŹҲͥǴ￪ʼ
ĴͥһλδСʦøΪʦǿŹյĵڶӣһͷɰСꡣӦĲʮ֮ǴǿŹǶСʦôĽ
ô˵ţЩСˣֻС꣬ͦͦɰ
ҶͯȻͷȻʮ⻹ڣһأΪʲôвʮ֮۵ɵڡ˵ţһҾȻʦˣ˵ʦ˼Сʦ壿𣿡
壬ҲʺͼǱܣϷֺ
Ц
Ϳȷʵ㣬츳ԼѣԿ壬޵һ;ų֡


1438 ǿеĹ½
ĻҶͯ۾˼֣֪ʲôʱܼСʦá
ͬһʦһУԼδıСʦãҶͯȻ
ò˶õġ
Ц
꣬ҶͯŬҲ࣬ҶͯȥϢһ
һۣҶͯػͥչȥ
һ죬׼ǰͨˣ¸֪һ˹ѡ
磬Ǻһȥ
Ϧ
ͬһʱ䣬ꡢѩҹҲڣͬС
Σգ˭ҲȥĵͥС

ͥиǳˣǿգҲڣһиأңͥɹڿƣʮ֮ͥһֻ۵ɹУһȥ
ˣϦͼˣûбҪȥǿС
ϣǾƬ԰ȫĵطкܹԵķġ
ŮӳɣĺͬУ˶ٺȴȺ󶼵ͷ
ġ

ǶɵȻ֪ǵǣκο뵽վУҲֻǲֿΪҪһͬУǣͥȥ£Ըͥ
ͷ¶Цݡ
ŮͥУκεǡ
ͥǻԵİȫ
Ҳ׼ȥǿд
ʱ򿪿ڡ
Ƶͷ죬ǲͬУϾڵΪǿ̫ˣͬУϣ¶ᱻһ˽ǵòĥ£ǲá
ԱߣӢۡͺԵȽԵͷǾȥǿдȴһ𣬶ɣԡ
Ŀ࣬үͲЩ෴Сһ˽£Ȼȡһ챦үΪǲŽ̹͵ܡڣĵүҲȥǿдĥ£Сһ𡣡
һȻɡȻͽʵƤ
ѽ
С̫ĽλƵķɵͷϣȻҲҪһͬС
ӽʮĴ֮úҲȥǿȡͥǿա
Ҷͯ˵
£õٸ򣬾ԶǶԴԣǶΪĵԼʦԣо޴ĺô
գһоŽǰͨС̫֮ͬУ桢ơԺͷӢ۵ȸǰǿϦꡢѩҹŶȶͥУҶͯԺǿС
ǣһ죬ϦŮ漴Ž䡢С̫ʮ򣬶ǿա
ͬʱ桢ơӢۺͺԵȣҲһǿա
λء
ǿУͰ˵
ˣԷɢУȥͬĵطսĥ¼
ͬʱʥ˰ƺͷӢ۵ˣΪһλۻǿڷ⳾׼˳ȫԼ֮ʲ׼ǡʹãԵ֮ʬԭȥʬЧ˫ܼΪ׳
ЩΪһδεͻͽʥҪá
ˣ԰ٷ֮ţǾ
Сӣڴټһ죡
Ƶ
桢ӢۺͺԵ̿ڣ졢С̫ͽ漴һʮǣǿԶ
쿴һԶȥӰֱһ˳ʧҰУ漴С̫ͽһҲ뿪ʮŹڵλãԶȥ
СӣŮ޵ʲôͨǣطپ룿öܵ
ʵ
طԶһ˵ľٶ㣬ϵûꡣ

ʲôôã
ۡ
ڴеĿǿգںΪһǳƶ
б
ǿպͨǴͨڣʮŹڵҪλôﵽķѵʱȻܾá
ۣﵽͨǾȻ÷꣬һ;úۡ
俴죬ЦĵʲôԶһؼңлл
ʱﵽ𾳽磬⽻⣬ѾҪ커ţԼܺᴩǿա
лҲȥǿŹȡ

ǿջ谵еԽ֯һ˴УһſŹ˦
Ϊﵽͨǣϵúķ꣬ԣһȻֻ򵥵ĴУһǿУһתԵĹžŷ
ˣһۣȥ
ǿ꣬ʱ䣬һ˵ľʮ
ͬһʱ䣬ǾͨǵλãҲˡ
ꡣ
ۣôǿп꣬ʵЩԡ
ң֮Ҫﵽͨǣǿмʱ䡣
͵ǹǿվˣȫĵͶ뵽Уչһ㣬һͲÿˡ

Ʋ죺㻹롣
ȻûһЩֻԽԽݡ

˵ţͻȻֹסϵı΢ЩˣǰŲͣ
С̫ͽ棬˳Ŀ⿴ǰҲһ䡣
ȥǰһɫ½ƮǿУսƮǡ
ǣ
ݡ
ܹżͰ˶ϸĿˣǿ˽˺֪ܶ࣬ǿĳЩطйĵǴ½ƮţǷǳգ㾳Ĳǿ߿Щطп³
ܿ

ЩͬƮǿеĵ½ãܿõѡ
£һ˺ƣԶ½׼½ԶȥǰС
ʱϵǿպŤһɰǷ½ӿ
һɫɰӿ˵ζǣˣһֻεĴֽץסˣǵɿ쳯Ŵ½ȥֻһ˲ѣǽ˴½ǰק˽ȥ
ôһɲǾͱǿ˽@#

ȥ

һƮǿеĹ½ôǿɲ
£ûô׳ȥˡ
˵
ǹɰǿקⷽ½ڵĵһʱ䣬뿪ȻԲ༶ɨӹȴǷһ⣬½ԵһεĽϣǳ̣Ȼ㾳ĲǿҪƣҲ̫ܡ
ԼµͬʱŴ½ıԵնһɫ
ɫΪת콣ԲڵΪȫնǳնɱ벽㾳ǿߣڿ½Եһɲǣ½ԵǸֳһɫ磬ʹնȥĽɫͬһһ㣬ֱӱڻˡ
⣿
ʱͽǱɫ


1439 һƬҩ԰һ߹ʬ
Ľɫжǿͽ䶼ܸоĵն㾳κˣ½ıԵʱȴһɫĽϸֱڻ˸ɾǵȻ棬Щˡ
ǹɹ½ʱ򣬲ûиӦн谭ôȴ
ü
ڲ⣬ֽϲͼ𡣡

ؼĽ࣬Щֹ粽ȥӰ죻ЩֹƶҲֹƶһЩֹֻƶ򲢲κӰ졣
ȻĽ磬ֹֻƶڣ򲢲ޡ
ǣô죿ô뿪
ʵı飬ⷽ磬ĻƲġ
ʱ֪˵ĻǵǰΪȻҲ޷ƿ޷뿪ֻȥ½ˣ۲½Ѱҳƽķ
ԭ䲱ϵܲƽⷽǳˣ߱׿ЧΪʶǱ񽣵ĽϢ
ȻǷʮĹУڵƽϢʧˣƺǱʶеи˹ȥԣѾ޷ƷĽˡ
Ҫƿⷽ½Ľϣֻѡȥ½һߣ۲䣬ѰƿĽ
ûʲôãԴѰƽ֮ǾʹطʲôǾ͸ܴ߳ȥ
ȥ½ڰƫͷⷽ½ܾãط̫
ˡ

֮ǰǹɹϣʱһ˴½Եλãط½ȥ½ڽ֯һƵĺɫطŲƵʯͬѪˮȾİɫĺɫѪɫֲڵرϣ඼ǿήģҶϡϡڵ֮ϡ
½һɭ˵ĸо
߰ɡ

ֻڴ½Եվţǽκ⣬ڣҪȥ½̽Ѱ
ͬʱǹɰ½ڣʱҲżϾڻûʲôΣգûκżıҪңżܰǽ⡣
£˳Ŵ½ȥ
½ǳˣһЩǳҪ޴УЩʪڵϵĿҶϣʱʱ͵죬һɷùζɢ
ŵһӶûصף̽Ѱʮơ
ܿ죬ʱȥ뿪˴½ԵԶ½Ķȥ
Сӣɿʲôɣ
ʵ
ҡͷûС
ûУ㲻Ȩصⶼȥʱˣȴʲôû
һ£ҲǿصģصģǽжĹˣ޵ƿصֺشƣ϶һ
ôǺйء
Ƿǰɣ

ۣһܡ
ԣԵýСģС̫еſͷ
һۣǰʱȥ߳˸Զ
ܣֲϡ࣬رԵøӳʪкŨҩ㴫
ҩ㡭
춯ݣлһĨâ
ʱ򣬿ƮҩޱŨңܹϵõʻ껹Ҫˡ
ңҩ㲢ǵһһ֣ʮϰֲͬҩһÿһֶܾˡ
ԾƵطȥɭɭģôô˵ҩ㣿
ԱߣҲԵúܲ졣
ȥ
кͽ䣬˳ҩ㴫ķȥ
żɻԵҩУмҩһżмصĺĵرǳƣܹϵõʻ껹Ҫмֵ
ܿ죬ͽ䣬ɵľ롣
ʱеҩøŨˣǰǳһƬҩ԰ռǧƽڣһҩʣ֯âɢŨҩ㡣
ȻôһƬҩ԰
·𾪡
ݣĳҩǧ黨ǿֻҪһС̨׵ΪǸǹΪԴԵۿǿ߶Զ䣬׳ʶͱԴҲΪУѩסݣ껨
ֱۡ
Ҳ¶ɫΪôһɭĴ½ϾȻôһƬҩ԰Ϊҩ԰ڵһ
Ƭҩ԰ڣ̫̫ʥҩò༶ǿ󶼿ֱΪƱ
ȫɹ⣡
УôһƬҩ԰˷ܣˮûֱӳǰȥ
дžâǿǰҩ԰
һ̣ͷһҩ԰߽Ǵһ߸ɿݵʬ䰼ݵֱͫĶǣԼ䷺͵⣬ʱһһļ¸УͷƤɵ÷

̧֣һѽǰץء


1440 ׾ʬ
һץأɻ󣺡Сӣʲô

ָҩ԰߽ǴǾ߸ʬ
˳ָķȥȻ˲俴Ǿ߸ɿݹʬһۻʲôһ̾;üЩ쬵ģһĪĲС
ǴĿʬʬˣ
Ҳļ£оʬĲһ㣬ʬ۾ֱĶǣоǱĹʹߵĶһ㡣
ôǴʬɡ
Ǿ߿ʬ΢
ܹʶ伹Σոеһʬ壬ôһߴʬٷ֮Ѿһͷа
µһ˲䣬ǰһ죬ǳ˯е˷Ǿ߸ɿʬ䶯ˡ
䰼ݵͫ׷͵Ĺ⣬ʬΰվԴܲȻбš
֮䣬һɷǳŨˣֱɱ˹
嫺һ㷭ط˲½֮࣬һ˸һñ
ʬĲǴʬ
͵һ£Ϊʵ̫Ũˣһ㡣
š
Щļ£øղ켰ʱǲȻҩ԰߿ʬͻȻƵ͵ѡ
ಣ
ƿյֻһɲǼѣʬ˹ٶȿЩˡ
ͺ𣬸ɿݵֱͬʱץˣʮ
һɭֱӽռ䶼ˡ
ǲһ£ʬסˣۼ׶
ɫףͷʬ̫ˣֱһɱ˰㡣
̧֣ſʬĴ֣һȭӭϡ
תۣȭͷͿʬֱײһֻоǺһ鲻һ㣬ȭͷʱЩ飬ڶҪˡ
ʬХɿ˫צӣɫһ˫ݵͫ׷̹⣬ɭˣаץˡ
ʬʱ򣬱͸оܿ£ʱһײָоǸ
ӶȭԲ༶Ϊʩչһȭһȭӭͷʬ
飡
飡
飡
մ죬ȭʮΣоȭͷһʹ漴һѪˮƮֵĻˡ
һǺʲôʣΪǿ壬ླΪǿȼڵǿ߲ǰͷʬײȴȻ˵ˡ
⡭
ľʬ̫¡
𣡡
ʬͫɭ̣ʬǳɿݣľһ㣬һͻ飬ʵȴǳ£һ󽣣һƬƬա
ӶȭԽоͷʬĿֲԷʬ̵ĺˡ
ңϢǷǳˣǲһ㡣
һδγȭ漴һƬƬڰƮɶ֯Ũ֮תۼ仯һϵĽնʬ
ʶ󣬶аǿĿʱֱӼĻȭͬʱʬ֮˿˿ƣڿʬʬϡ
ȻһΣԭаǿȴǶǰ߿ʬûʲôãЧǳ΢ԺԲơ
Ϊ𡣡

𣡡
ʬ˻ӿ¡
Իȭź˶ٺȭͬһʱתת
䣡
̼仮һɫ磬ԵޱȣطĿռ䶼ݵȾһƬɫ̼дƬɫڸɿʬؿ֮ϡ
һΣʬɣһɫʬð
еһĨâܹĿͷǿʬ
н֯â΢ǴƬɫѹ䣬ʬס
һ𣬿ʬٴαɣʬð̸࣬вҽ˳ͬ鲣Ħһ㣬쳣̶
ã
΢ʬǿĿԶ
һ룬ǾǳӦ뵽ԼĿͷʬŶԣϾżȷļأаףһΪһλݶɣԵףգаĿԶǷǳ
ת̫ѵĻ˲޸һɵĿʬ
һ̣ɫ磬绡ž죬һ١
飡
֣Ƭɫ绮鳤գһνʬɣһ̶Ĳҽ쳣
Сӣƿԣ׵硭ɫ磬ֱۣôоСٵϢ
Ŵ˿̵죬Ƴɫ磬𺳣ΪоЩɫİԵΪԼиоٵϢ
ܹϵõһֻ˵ݶɡ

ݶɣ
Ծ
ݳһ
𣡡
ʬʮֺȻݵͫʢĶ졣
ߣܹĸоʬȸղŸӿˣȴɵתĸ죬ɫһ죬ɫ粻䡣
ӭȰԵɫ磬ʬצ漴תۼֱУٴηҽУ̵ʬϸһɫӡɫðڳ
ɫһ䣬ĿſʬһδɶԷ
⡭
ۡ
ͷµаʬɼǿһ㣬һ̾Ȼѹˡ
ǹ£
䵹
ѽ
С̫ʼԿʬʱǾʹͷ˳ʱǰѹǿĿʬ۾ˮģСצΪ컶
䣡
Եޱȣɫ绮ʶطû
޵еӶһδνʬɡ
ʬǺʬĿҪɢ˼ܣͫУʱ־һĹ⡣
죬ʬҵĲԳһϸߣԶȥһ۾ûӰٶȿ켫
ˣ
ۣôǿһͷʬɭɭ׿ˣɴ˿ȴȻĿ־Ӷݡ
žԵĿӲӣֻܱ𡣡
Ƿ
ǰ⽻֯ɫ绡ſʬʧҰУûȥ׷
ԷܣԲûʲôӰ죬ûȥ׷ıҪ
Сӣ̫Եˣɹ𺳣ʵղʩչ̫ǿˣһɫԵףȻǰµаʬηӶݡŶ죬۵ݶɣ
ղѾᵽʩչ٣˿ȴ̲סʵ
ʵ˵Щˣʷϣݳһ

ͷ
⡭
ӽᵽʩչݶɣٵͷ϶ø𾪡
漴뵽ղᵽһݣʵֻһ˿
ͷٴԿ϶ʹе𾪸Ũ˼֡
ˣԾˣȲҩ
˵
ԭΪԾ𺳣ɴ˿ᵽҩô֣һ¾ͱתˣƫͷԶҩ԰ͫеտտ
£һֱҩ԰ڡ
ҩ԰УҩŨֱҩ֯΢⡣
ûκζĻֱӿʼժһ꽻֯ɹıҩ
ǧ黨ѩ꣬ݣүͽŮ޹ƶܴﵽڰ˶ȥ˷ܣмǻСһֱ̤ۿڡƱСӦֱ̤벻ڲΡ
콫ƱȡУ˿˿
ϾƱļֵǷǳˣֱ֮һС̨׵ΪӵǰĲڿ뵽ڼΡ
ܿ죬һ𣬽԰ڵıҩȫɹ⡣
˵ЩְôһƮǿеɭ½ϣôôһҩ԰ҩ԰Ϊٵİɣ
Ź֡


1441 ½ϵĳ
ڽɻʵҲЩ棬ⷽҩ԰ռطԲǧƽ䱦ҩȥȷʵΪ١ԵЩŹˣôһɭĹ½ϣôôһΪٵҩ԰ô౦ҩ
ɨܣҪҳЩһЩȴǲֻҡͷ롣
ҸЩĵطЩҩ
˵
⻰ͷүҲôΪ
ʱطõôһ䱦ҩֻҪһ˶ΪһȻȲҪЩҩߵĲΡ
߰ɡ

ɨܣС̫ͽ뿪һտĵط
еıҩΪǻΪһ
˵ͬʱּ佻֯⣬طһʮ󣬽ԲڵĿռȫǣһ˵Ϣ
ãô졣

£ΪС̫ͽҩ԰ȡĿǿΪǧ黨ѩݣС̫ۿռǿΪǻһʱ䣬ⶼкŨĹâ֯ǡ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
ºС̫ͽȺʺϸԵıҩͽﵽڰ˶ΣС̫ﵽۿڣѪ֮ǰ˺ܶ౶
ˬ
̲סС
ʱ䣬δﵽڰ˶ΣίʵЩ˷ܺ;ϲ
󣬶̶̼ʱ䣬Ҵվﵽڰ˶Σһ
קȭͷһ˫Ư۾ġ
ĵлΪΪڶ̶ؼﵽһȫΪԸ£û죬Բڶ̶ʱȡȳɾ͡
ÿѣⲻʲôЦ㣬ļ岻Ҫĵرڰ˶Σȥ󲻻ᱻѵɣ
Щĵر͵ģûĵԴԣǹܲš

⵹Ҳǡ˵ţֿС̫ڣΪһܣƱ
С̫ͽ䶼ѾʺϸԵĵرϣʱ׼Ʊյ
ġ

ͷԭϥ£ȡƱʼ
ˣ
ת̫ľƱڵΪɿ
ܿ죬һʱȥȡƱϣһɰֱڵɢϵرϵҶȫɡ
ڡ
˫ۣУâһš
һʱ䣬ƱΪӲڿ뵽ڣѪǡꡢ򶼱һǰǿ౶
һǰʱԺĲԼսǿ˺ܶࡣ
˸漴ǳ
߰ɡ
˵кС̫ͽ뿪Ѱ뿪ⷽ½ķ
½Щ޴̽ѰܣŽ伸ˣܿ߳Զ
ɳʪر洦ǿҶúǰһƬҩ԰֮ǰǷҩ԰Ҫ౶౦ҩȴѾήˡ
ߵǰ·ֵƬҩ԰ڵһήҩ¶ݡ
׳Դҩ㾳ǿ߶䱦ϱΣǿŷﻨ׳꣬ɵ֮дã߾ʶݣʶɶЧĲȻô䣿
طⷽҩ԰ıҩĶ֮ǰǷҩ԰ڵƱϡóȥһ궼ʮʹ𾪲ѡֲ֮࣬ЩջΪеıҩȫήˣԽţȻ׷ˡ
ֱ
ҲԾ
Ȼǿ죬˸£ľΪǳʱҲǲɵЩסˣʵⷽҩ԰ڵĸֱҩ̫ϡֵ졣
طⷽҩ԰ƽУһһϡҩÿһ궼ǾгֵȴǿήģѾá

С
ôϡҩȴѾήʧȥ˼ֵоһܡ
춼оЩʹʵЩҩļֵ̫ˣԤ£еıҩȫãֱ֮ӳ뵽ɾ
ˣ߰ɡ
˵
ⷽҩ԰ܾˣеıҩˣûбҪ
ż߳̽Ѱ½½ƶ½ַּƬҩ԰һƬһƬ޴ıҩһһ꾪ˣһռؽʮƽҩ԰ڣȻһꡰɲݡǶɼǿ߶Ҳǳ䱦֮󣬿ɾֱһС̨׵Ϊ
ȻꡰɲݡȴѾή࣬ҩ԰ڵĸҩǿήûһ껹ܱã̵ľŸϽͿݲ졣
@#%#
һıߣЩҩһ֧еɾˣȴȫήˡ
ˣٴҲ
ɨһ۵
үʰôһѵҩȻ˿ݲһĶ
Ҳûá

ԱߣЩҩ԰ȥȻΪٵģıҩǼֵˣѵ˵½ϣһǳ˵ĴУ
üԣǳ󡣡
ؼĴʹţ֮ڶŸԵҩ԰רΪ౦ҩȣͥˣͥڣžŷҩ԰иֱҩضͥǿ߸Ӵ
Ȼͥҩ԰ĸֱҩطЩҩ԰ڵıҩ޷ȣĲΣǳ޴
ԴۣĲ²ǵȷпܣⷽ½ϣĴһ½ϷֵһƬƬҩ԰ǹǸС
ˣôƬ½ϵǸУõжǿ½ϵҩ԰ʹǿֱΪɲǸҲɼǿǿһУôӣǰȻ濴ȥǸУǻˡ
౦ҩήʱ򽥽ƽϢ
ǾͲ֪ˡ
ҡͷ
˼ֻܲµôһЩ̽Ѱⷽ½
֮󣬺ܿȥʱͽУƬ½ġ
ߵʱǰֳƬĲƹŵǽ֯ŻϢҲ֪˶꣬ٵԡʮꡱλ
ȥƺһַżݣĿǰƬĲƹŵϣѵƴ½ϣĴһǿ󴫳У
˵ˣԷǳ󡣡

˵⻰ʱҲڴǰĳƬƹŵ漴΢ƬеȺλϵһŵ


1442 ֲ
ƵȺм䣬һɵĴʣ֪ԺֲϽɣϲѺۣϢǳŨ
쿴лһƾâڸӦ˺ʹ½ԵǵȽϷǳƵϢ
ȥĴ
кͽ
΢з֣
ͷźʹ½ԵǵȽϷǳƵϢӦôƿϵ
ԣǰһ
ߣȥ

£˳ǰȥܿĴǷǰ
ǰе¶ȱø䣬һѹϢ֯ܡ
˿ʲôƵأȴûκԥֱӿУϾǵʵȻո˵
ҪǣⷽڴǴ½뿪Ǳýȥ̽Ѱ
ڵĿռԵЩ谵ȴޱȹоȥһ򵥵ĴһС㣬ڵͨ˴ͨĸλá
½ԵĽƵϢͬˮһ㣬кС̫ͽ䣬ֱӳλȥ
հɣ
հɣ
հɣ
ڵĿռǳžУŲƬռص
ǰӲ죬Ҳһ̶λöȥܿ߳ԶܵĵϽѷ죬ٽŵ۽ӡȺۼҵϽܷһЩǷۺͱƬȻǵзս
ҪǣЩǷۺͱƬУԼŷǳ΢ɵ
⡭սˣҲɼǿߡ
ЩԾ
ҲǶݣȴǲû̫ȥ⣬ȥ
úС̫ͽ䣬˳½ԵǷƵϢһ޴ʯǰ
ȥʯҵʯǳŵģڿռܴ洦ѪˮҲ֪˶꣬ûиɿᣬѪζʮ㡣
ʯλãһź۵߱һ˱鲼Ѻ۵սìᴩţɱ񣬲˿ϢìһһУȥǰһȼջѪ⣬սì˺ڡ
ˣսͬھˣ
˶ݣǰһĻЩˡ
ƶĿ⣬սìõһֻУһöɫǹɺʹ½ԵĽƵϢǴöɫϴ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ͽȻҲö˹ɢŵĺʹ½ԵǵȽһϢжйֶ
ȡܴ½ԵĽ磡
¶â
£ûԥΪףֱӲʯңöȥ
ʯУսì߱ᴩţɢһɷǳ˵Ϣ˲ʯң㱻ϢѹȵһͷЩۡ
ˣǰʲô簡ʬȻȻɢϢôֲУʯڵѪˮӦöˣȥô꣬ȻûиɿᣬкŨѪζƮڿУֱ
ļ¡
ҲΪľʱȴǲûж˵ʲôʯлǰܿС̫ͽ·һʯĴĺߺԱߡ
еѹˣ·һƬǿѹҪ˸ֱ
쿴սìãСĶ֣һֻУɫȡ˹
öƴСĴһϵġԪ֣֪Ժֽɣ쳣ĳأоһ㡣
ȡˣ
лһĨ뿴ö֮ǰо½ԵĽƵϢŨţöһԴйǴϣӶ뿪
˵ţᴩںڵǸսìСӣҲǺöһرγߣ
ȻĵսìĲȻѾ鲼ѺۣͬһҪȴɢһɷǳɱϢȡɽҪǿܶ࣬ƺԹᴩؼ伶ʱԹ
ûԥ̧սìҪ֮ȡߡ
ˣ
ͻȻ촫ֻͬᣬϢˡ
һʶͻأԺڳֱͷ­ҽԼС̫һС
쵱ɫֱӺˣڵһʱ佫ɵ𣬻סͬʱС̫ͽһС

һҵĴ촫ʶɵϣʱʹõͬǱ˰㣬ͬһɣݺݵײʯҵʯ֮ϣѪӿѪ
ҲΪɵ㹻̣ռͱʥ쾧ɣǳǿ󣬷ĻղֱӾһʶˣҲ˶ȫѡ
ǰսìᴩĺߣɱѾӣͬһ߸ʬ㣬ʱ˫Ŀһ˫ˣ΢Ϣ֯
ͬʱȻ֯ŵϢøӿ¡
ģ
ļ¡
ҲǱɫղŽʯʱǸûвϢúֳսìһѾˣȴ뵽ⱻսìᴩĺߣȻûȥ
սìᴩڼ״̬ΪǴʹ˹
ݡ
˫Ŀͫ䣬Įˣеöɫ漴ֿɵͫױøˣһʶɳһֻȥȻеĹԼɵ
ӭʶֻооĿֲ̫ľ߶ɵʹڵâʢεĻС
תۣ߼ʶײɵϣʹٴɵһɣʹ
ˣ
ռʶӿֻѹ죬ٶȷǳ죬ֻһ˲ǿǰͬһѹ¡
޿ɱܣֱӳֻͼź쾧ɵһӭϡ
䣡
ⷽʯҺϼ⡣
һ˴ٴκɣֱ³һھѪС̫ͽ䱻ڣһɣѪӿ
ϲĵʲôεΪȥѾһֻſ˹ײӦȫʢʱڵ֮һԶԶŶԣȴôֲ
ļ¡
쿴źߣأʱȻҲǿߵĿ¡
ߣ
ɵС̫ͽ䣬ֱӳʯȥ
ɲ⣬ȻҲǶ֣ѾûйȥȡǸսìˡ
ʱ򣬳ŶԷոѣսȶѸ뿪ǵѡ񣬷طǿܻȫ


1443 
ٶȺܿ죬С̫ͽ䣬㳯ʯȥ
ʯλãɱͫҲԵЩݣĿȴǷǳĮһʶͬʱֱӽʮռ
н֯һƾâһɽڳ֮ʩչ콣еһ򽣵ͨɲǼնһ貵Ľɫ
ﬣ
̶콣ǿᾪˣת۱Ǻͺ߼ʶײһⷽʯڱһƬƬҵĹԣһɹ쫷硣
챻ɣӭԷʶͬʱɵ壬һȴǲûܵ𵴣ǳƽ˳ǰ漸Ҫࡣ
ɵ壬ˣԷʶײķƶתƥɽԼ콣ԷŵƬռһѷ죬ֱӳʯҡ
£
һɳƱ߿ڣʶû졣
͡

תţһ̣ھصǲҲʩչٶ̱ǣһ˲ǿ޾Զܿ˺ʱʶ
漴һ̣ʯԶԶ˦
ʯڣĶԶȥȴû׷һҲ
ؿڴսìᴩĵطѪˮԭѾֹס˿ȴµѪӶ
Ǳģ
һɭⷽʯںƵ

ɵż뿪ʯңʱѾ߳Զ
ϻû׷

Ǹսìѹţʱ޷ʶܸǵķΧƺҲޡ

˵Ĳ

ʯʱ򣬺ιʶΪһҲʱ͸оˣԷľȣڵǸսìʱжܼʶҲ࣬ҸǷΧޡ
˵䣬ĽŲȴûͣ£ϵھصǲܿ
⿴ȥ鲼ѺۣϵĿԵøѹ֣Ǹֲĺû׷˦˴ڵʯ
û׷ȷʵʱǸսìѹšŴڣЩļ£̲ס£ϲģЩֲ˵ôأϢ΢ԺԲˣȴôֲԴ㣬۷״̬ǿеǳֱܸӻ
ܿ£
˿Һ
ۿռС̫Ҳӡ
ȻҲ󵽺ߴ۷ʱж£ʱȴǲ⣬ϾȫȻĴʯ˳
ߡ
˵ɵɽͬʱ𣬶ԶطĴŴ½Եȥ
ȡ˽֯кʹ½ԵĽͬϢĹǿ߳ȥˡ
ߣ
Ӧ޽ԼԺ쾧ɵɵԾΪǰͥʱǾ֪ɵ޽Ĵڡ
С̫һҲԴûκ⡣
ڽ䣬С̫ҪɵɽǴӺδԣȻǸܻɵ޽Ծ
ʱٶȺܿ죬ûñ½ԵӱԵ⿴ԿһſƯǳ
ȡʯڵõɫһ󽫹Уֱ۳Ŵ½̽ȥת½Ե⸡ֳĽһ
ͣ
ְŵĽ統ڣ¶һ޴϶ֱӴ͸˹ȥ
ȻУ
ǰһȻ֮ǰͲµöضܴ½ΧĽϣʱۼôִ˴½ԵĽ磬ȴҲɲɵЩϲ
Ҳй⣬ǣǸϽ뿪طɣǸϹͻȻǸսì׷ɱǿɾȫˡ
ͷɫС̫ͽһ֣󣬹ʹô½ΧĽһ飬ǣת۱ǴӴ½ڿ˳ȥ
ǳˡ
³һ
Ӵ½ڿվǿ̧ͷȥ½ƯţͬǿеһҾ޴սԶƮȥһ˼ľ룬ԽԽԶ
漴˶٣ĿǳԶƮȥĴ½ջأеɫ
ƴСɫϵǸԪ֣ǳĴĿ
öƺܲ򵥣֮ǰʯڣǸֲĺϲöȻҲˡеɫ˶ֿڣУүͻȻã½Ľ磬ƺΪö


1444 ͨ
Ƿ½ĽΪöԣϾźǵȽͬϢҳ׾ٵƿǵȽϣֻԣѾ˵ܶˡĲ²⣬ͷͬӦòɫݱΪ֮ʩչ۶
Ϊ룬֮ǰʯڵǸǰ۳Ľ磿
ͷȻˡ
ǣΪʲôҪĽ磿ס½ֻ磬УƺЩ֡

Ƿ½ϣһе£ûʲôɻɵˣʯڵǸãǰеĺĴǿǷдƬʿǿӦǱǿϮˣǰԹ۳ǵȽ磬ҲΪ˲κһ롣Ȼֻǲ²⣬ΣҲ˵
Ȼǲ²⣬²⣬пܡ˻Դֿڣˣ£ûʲô壬ŪŪ嶼ûκӰ죬ؼöеɫ֮ǰǸֲĺϲȡⶫһرСӣԿʲôܡ
ôһ˵С̫Ҳ䵽еĹϣȻöȤ
ȻҲö⣬ż߶ǣȴûκηӦӿת۱ûӰ̽ѰȴҲǺջ̽һƬʲôҲӦ
򵥵һ£˽ǲ죬ͽȡʩչͼ̽ѰС̫ҲӹȥһɽȴǶһ
²Ƿ½Ľǰ߶ö۶ӦûȻˣǰܴ߶۳磬ôǴ߶ȴһ㷴ӦûУ
⡣
룬ΪʹöӦҲпǴ߶Ҫرķȴ֪
Ӧô˵öһرɣֵȻû취߶Ժһԡ
ͷͬöڡ
ǿɻ谵ǳ鲼ʱǷ½ѾƮûӰ
߰ɣ·ȥͨǡ
˵
ǿǰͨǵ;бǷ½룬ڴ½ϵʱ䲢̣ʱѾƫԭǰз򣬲ȴûʲôӰ죬ǵͨǵǿ꣬Ʈ˺δǿǰУնܴﵽͨƬԴء
£кС̫ͨǵǿ꣬ѭһ̶ķǰС
ˣܿ죬ʱȥ
һ죬ǿͣǰһޱȾ޴ǳǳȣȫǾϵ𣬱ǳǹ°㻷ģٲȻһȺ֮
ˣͨǣ
˫۷¶֮ɫ
ĹΪȵһ󱻴ͨ͵ܹշת࣬ڻˡ
쿴Ž䣬Ȼ⽪飬Զʮع飬Ҳ㡣
߰ɡ
ûʲôԥģкС̫ʼͨǽ䣬Լȥʮʱ䴩͸ڹȻϣڹڲ
ȥһƬĴ磬ΡɽʣļĴӿеŨǳܹ֮ǻҪǿʢϼ֡
˲ã
Ծ
뿪ʮ뵽ĵһƬ磬ʱƬ磬ͫײɵһʵƬ̫嫾ˣһ棬ԶԶʮȡ
쿴Ƭ磬ûʲô֮ɫϾȥܹǴԴأƬ粢١
ʱɨƬ磬иֳ˿˿âΪƬһ齣ƬǶҪ
ķĹƬ磬ҪĿģȡǿ齣Ƭ
ڻˡ²ƬϣǿпͨʱӼø漴һ͸˵лɫƬŵأʹȥɡ
֪ͨǣһһΪɫ⣬ɫ⡣
һЦҲʮˣʮػعȻؼҿɡ


1445 
֪ܸлȲȡλŹڵĽƬȴҲ֪ʮĽǳˣļˣӦÿʱÿ̶ڵǺǣŽ䣬ԣʮʱͽ̤Ƭأý仹лؼұȽϺá
ȻؼȥүүĸԼģТ°£ТΪȡŽ䣬ЦңӦҲˡ
Իãǽ֮ˣġ°ТΪȡ߸ָܴĴټ֮ȷʵˣǱ͵ͷͬ⡣
ţллȻؼһˣȻ̴ȥƬŵɫ⣡
˵Ӹм졣
ΪƬɫ⣬ʱ첻Զǿʱ併ٵƬ磬ȴǲȥѰɫ⣬ڿȻؼȥˣܸж
߰ɣȥȻȥѰǼ

£ָ·طУ;˺ͨƶʱһһ󸽽
ȥޱ޼ʣȴǷƽ˾䲻ԶĵطųƬĵÿһǽ̻Իͣư硣
ˣҼң
ԵЩ
Ưʮ꣬»кܸˡ
ҡ治һ㣡
ǰĳƬɵõֱۡ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ˵˽ļܲһ㣬ۿǰƬƬĺΰʱȴ̲סľ
Ǻƽ￴ȥļȷʵܺΰƾˣȴҲͱǵǿһ˿ʹԾ
ǰ·˺ܿҽǰ
ʲôˣС⣬ͥĽӵУһǰѯʣһ̱Ǵ󾪣˽䣺СС㣡
ͬһʱ䣬ͥҲ˽䣬һǶݡ
С㣬ɻˣЩ굽ȥˣǺڶҪˣ
Ž䣬Щ˸ϲ
ͬʱ˳ڴ󺰣֪ˡ
Щӵܼ˵˼䣬졢С̫뽪ҡ
Ũ࣬˲Ÿո룬һƿ֣ʮӰɿĴӽΪ׵ˣʹһĨ΢⡣
۷塣

ͬһʱ䣬ɨ߳ӰָΪԲףĶǴڲڣԷǳʢ
Աߣۣ⽪Ůӣǿᣡ
ȻҲ˽ʱʮ˵Ŀ¡
үүף桭
ӭȥʮָˡ
ͺãͺã
Խ߳ʮУΪ׵ߵΪүүҲǽһڣһǿĴڡ
͵ܳ壬Īʧʮ꣬Ѿͷļһҳһ࣡
ĸ׽Ҽ𱸣еĵǺ͹ȴ˭ĳ
ȻĳҼеĵǺ͹ػСĵǸ
ڵһʱΪһڴ죺үүףǣܹƽĻȫ
죬ٽЩ귢½һ
ʮڳ˲Ϳ죬һʼһ˼ȴǶڽϣʱŽ죬ϤԽĸְǶݡ
лСѣ
лȻΪԶԶ죬ȴǷǳ
ͬһʱ䣬ҼҲǰлССŮӣЩ꣬Сѷˡ
λǰˣѣӦõģл
Цŵ
Բ۷彪Ҽ۷Ľ棬Եú⡣
ϾȲεˣѾ
ô˵ģСѶİʵ̫࣬ܲл

һ죬ҴϯףҲΪлͻӭһˡ
漴һ죬ת۹ȥ
ڽͽҼʢ֮£ڽһִʱ䡣
պһ죬򽪼ͽҼ˸׼뿪ȥѰƬڵĽƬˡ
ͽҼ֪кҪҪȥҲûмһڴԽ졢С̫͵⡣
С˺ʱͣۺʱĴŶΪСѳʲôҪҲᣬֻҪҽضƴǡ

ڽֱϵˣ۰ʮǰʧ٣ѾҲѰ֮ЩĻˡͽӽе֪Խĸְмĺܡ
ҼҲڣЦ⣬ͣǶǳл
лλǰʢ顣
Цŵл
ʱߣʱ򿪿ڣԽͽҼǸүүףʱһʱ䣬һȥ
䡣
ͻȻһԶʹýĻﱻϡ
⣬һģʵӳ֣ʹģߣֻתۼ⣬ǰŽ͡


1446 ǵİɣ
һϮۣףеĵϣǸǿᣬһ˴ڵۿճڣ˴ڵۿڣѪԺʢ
˹ˡ
ڿӵϴŵЦ⣬Ȼʶ۵ӡ
Ϊ˹ȥһºŵĸоŽںͽҼһһ񣬵˵Ϣ̸˹˵ţֿ䣬ͣĽ֮˭ܿĳ䣬㻹ðɣ
ͦõģллġ

쿴۽䣬ֽƺð仰ȻòȴԴһַܸС
Դ˵Ҳô⣬򽪼ͽҼٴεҲͽ漴뿪
ס죺˵һȥҵ
մƯգ㻹ʵĴڼүү͸׵ȳȽϺãúһȥ

Ѿӽ֪ƬСƬƬŵصľλãŶûӰ졣
ʵϣ䲻ȥ·ȽϿһЩϾнƬǸطʲôƵأվ÷ȥ䡣С̫ǲһǶȽǿ󣬸澭Ҳʮ㣬ңζҪһġ
ץ֣˼ά˶ңҸһȥˣǸС
첻ɵݸԼ˵ģûô˵
һĵۣһЦȥһЩܵӡ
˹лһĨĹ⣬ԭʱͿ죬ȴδ⣬ֱʱŽ֣Ŀϡ
䣬λǣ
һۣʽʼմһº͵Ц
ѡ
ܼ򵥣ûж˵ʲô
˹죬ƽ׽˵Цֵã˹Ȼѣҵѣܸʶ㡣
졣
֣򵥺һ£ͬʱһܼ򵥡
ãϵЦЩ١
طͨˡ
˹Ц
ֹˡ

Ȼ˹ЦЩ٣Ͼо仰ֲЦˡԣҲƽԶԡ
򽪼ںͽҼˣٴε׼뿪ˡ
治һ𣿡

Ц治øʵĴ˱ȽϺãҰ뿪ǰһ£ʱпУԴתתƬ硣
ǡðɣǵ˵Ļ뿪ǰһңҴƬ硣ҪºϢֱ뿪֮ȥ

ʵϣҲ֪Լʵ㣬ȥƬŵأǸС
ͬʱҲ첻ƬˣѰƬɫһ뿪Ƭ磬뿪ǰһҪЩʲôл졣
ģ뿪ǰһ㡣
Ц
£뽪˵ͷʾ⣬漴Сֱ̫뿪
˹뿪ıӰ۵Ĺ˸ȴɴЦ
ڣλǰҲˡ
򽪼ͽҼ
ֶȥ
ˣۼƽˡƯô꣬Ǻ࣬ҺλǰӦ໰ҪЩʱ䡣
˹
Ŀͣ䣬ͽ𣬶ٴκͽ漴뿪

뿪ڣʱѾ߳ȥԶͨϷȥ
ӽ֪ƬСɫ⡱ƬŵرǾλƬϷΪģռطΧǳŸΪͨǵһƬȻأƽռʿƬĥ¼
˵ȥƬĥµ˺ܶ࣬ʿȴֻڴĵԵȥλãΪŷǳֲĴڣΨ㾳Ĳǿ߲Ÿ̤㡣
ɫ⣬ǾλڳĵѾͨϵǿǷ޾£ȴδܹ֮ȡߣ㾳ǿҲ⡣
ǳģжԶ
ʵ
̫Զ˵ȻնУϣķʱܵ
û˺ƶȻųĶȥ
ܿ죬С̫гȥԶһʮɽ
Ҳʱͣ½Ųб۳ɨȥ

ƽ
С̫ԣ΢΢ݣ˳Ŀ⳯ȥ
΢ƮڿУŤһߴԻ
㡣
ۣϳߣȻ֮ǰǸ˹еһˡ
ԻߣһۣЩ壬ѪȴǺʢ

죬Щɣɳơ
˹ģʲô
ƽȻǵ֮ǰǸ˹еһˡ
С˽֦Ҷκ˶ܿүˡ
ߵ췢βںһҲ⣬һִݡ
һЦ˻ߵ⡣
Ϊ֮ǰͽһ˹ʲϲԣûǰɱ
ǹԼףÿˣǲ١Щˮƽ
Ц
֮ǰڽ⣬ֽ˹Щðͷܣԭ򡭡ȻͿ˹ʲôöԸԷκιϵɰڶԷڵҺͽͬΪͨǵĶֲòڱӦһ£ĻԽֱԸ񣬸Է
ʵϣڼ˹ĵһʱҲϲˣöԷϵЦЩ٣Ϊαǲ뵽ԷЩα⣬պֻΪĽ䣬󿴵ԼĽЩҪء
ȥҺͨѣûŮ֮飬ҪԼС
Իߵ
ÿ𣿡߱鵭Įӿ죬еӿֶɱڣү˼ؼʧСûŮ֮鶼ҪҪǣĴүˡ
ðɡЦɱң֮ȷڣ
಻ţҲڵۿղΣɱ㣬㹻
ߺƽ
ãȻͽѣΪ͵Ǻͽ޼ΪԶԶ޷͵ۿռȡôҪɱ죬׾١
Աߣ죬ǿˣĺӰ㿴űƹĻߡ
ͷƽݵ̬˵Ļǹﶺǵģ
һۿճڵˣȻƽĮĶԲڵ˵಻ţҲڵۿղΣɱ㹻ȻһһоƿеģʵЩЦ


1447 
ŻߣֻöԷܻ⡣
ȻС̫Ҳɵõ˵ˮĴ۾ǳԻСӷЦȷʽȡЦߡ
ߵɫĶС̫ɱ󣬾ֵͷˡ
⣬⽻ֱ̧֣֯ȥ
ʱ𶯣ֱӱһƬˡ
ϹŵЦֻһָ׽̽ɱӡ¡
㣿
ߵɫ
һƲû飬ȫ֣һĨɱ죬նС̫ȴǲ룬쾹Ȼһָ赭дĵȫһ
ڣ㻹ۿռΪ㹻ɱң

˵һƲ༶ѹɢĻɫٱ䣬ݺһ
㣬㡭
¶𾪺;֣Ҳû뵽죬Ȼڲླ硣
ླɱˣȻڲླ
˵һջشӡû˿ԥͷӡ
쵭ЦڼһֱӽϵĿռọ̈̄һӶݳȥĻ߸˻
СֵܣҪɱң
ɪɪҲûһʼ򶨺ʹݣǿ־塣
ɣʼʱѾĻˣԼϧ
һҡ
ۣ
һֱָӽ˵üĹᴩʶڵ飬ֻһõǡ
СӣǡЦ죺˵Ǹ
ãʥ׳

ʥüֻİɣ
ǰڷ⳾Ѱʥʱͽϧȴ޷ǵֻʺ࣬ʿ޷
ڿˣʮͨļ䣬ҽı£ڣ廹壬Сһﶼƿ

⻰ʱ¶Ⱥ;ϲ֮ɫģûƭү
ʥ֪жֵܹƿԺһ;ϣƱѸ͵ǰ
ʲôʱƭ㣿
ֵһָһĨʶವӿʶڣȻЩ޸ĵʥ
ͬʱС̫ҲһָʥڸСһ
պֻҪкʵǿߵǣҲãС̫ҲãΪǶͻͽ
Ŀϸϸ촫ʶĵʥ˫Ŀ
Ŀԣ
ֻԸʶеʥ֪һ
˵ԣȻͿԡͽҸطȰȻȥƬġ
ߴڵۿճڣ̺Ѫ⾫ֻеЧΪ񻹴Σڵۿճ£С̫һڲڣһڵۿڣѾ˵ۿճ𣬼ȻѾôʿȻá
£̽⸽һȽصĵطֲ¾ȻʼʥߵС
үʼˣ
໽һתʥ̷ǳ˳ʼһƵļȡߵڵѪ⾫ľǷɿ
ܿ죬չȥߵǸɿݷ飬棬ǳһΪڰ˶δﵽھŶ۷壬Ǵ
ĳɹˣ
˷ܵĺܣֱȥʮƽ˫ȴɺ
ˣûϢ
б
ۣ˶ٵ˵СӣǸ˹С˵ôŪ
ֻΪͽߵĽЩ˹˻ɱ죬ƫƫ֮ǰʱǴһº͵ЦʵоЩģΪˬ
Сһֻȥ֮ϱ㣬ˣֱˡ
ƽ
˹ڵң뽪ҡܼҡԼͨĸͬΪͨǵĶУʵǿ˹ҵĵλҲǷǳ֮ߣԴȴ˿Ҳ⡣
ڣԼҪȥ죬ȥҶԷ֮żȻ飬۶Էҵĵλж߶νٴϣֻһ֡ɱ
үҲô롣

ˣ߰ɣȥġ

С̫ſͷʱк뿪ƬϷλöȥƬĳģһ齣Ƭ

ͨǣҡ
һƬɽȺڣȺΡ룬źŨ
үǰɱǸ˵ˣˣѾ
һڣһһϮ۵˹档
˹ɫ΢ǲȥɱ˿ǵۿճڵΪôʧܣ
ѵΪ˵ۿճڣ
һλɱʧܣѾ֪ɱվŵңˣӲȥ΢΢̧֣һڱӡڷɳɢ˿˿Ƶѹһμǰɱ
ǣү
ͽӹӡһʧڴԻڡ

졢С̫նУ뿪֮ǰͻھŶεƬεأٶȲ죬ҲϷС
һۣʱȥ
һ̣ǰһƬޱĻĵأҲ֪ռ˶ôķΧһۿͷ
ˡ
лһĨâ
ǽᵽСƬĳġ
ûԥкСֱ̫ӿǰڡ
ȥڹľ٣ȴѾɿݣ͡ġ۵ҲǺܴһ޺Х֯ڴڣҲʿĴصڿУвطǿΪ֣ĥԼʵ߼
ۣ
Զһͷޱնͷ­Ѫʮ

һλãʿҽУһͷ漶ľ޴ɽһ븹С
նɱһͷͷޣʹսߣȻȻҲڴ˵ѣ޸УΪ޵Ŀ
طЩʿȤֱĳȥ
䣡
һͷ漶εݴצӷץͷ­
쿴ÿһۣ䣬ȥ
Сһȥ
Ƴݡ
Ӵ˫չʮңӭһƳһֹס֮ƣӱһɿ־ֱӵͷԶ
ϾͬΪܹ࣬ǳĸоȻȻ֯ŵĿ£Ƕ֣ܹ׵ӵĻΨһ
Դû⣬ɡ
תۣʱȥС̫ѾеƬλá

ֵĽǰһӲĵӭ׷һͷֲԳʮɸߣˡ


1448 ɵ
ЩǱΣ׷ԳȴԿɿȵۻʼǿߣǳ
ң
Уǿһˣһĵıӣʱʱֳȥ
𣡡
Գ˾ˡ

ٴδС
С̫ߵһĻǲԹۣǰһһ׷Գɣûܹ
ллл
ܵǰϢл
ɫЩ԰ףϴŲˣϢͬʱҲЩ֮ɫΪ쿴겢󣬵ȴô׾ͽͷȵۻʼǿߵԳĺ˳ȥʵίʵЩǿᡣ
޷֮Ͷѡ
ʾÿ
ٴεлǸҽнനܲܡʱһ𣿡
ʿһҲƬԳΪĥµĹнԶȫĴıԵһַ˴ԺƬڵа̫ˣΪֱվʱҲгƬĿ·ɵУֱӱƬ
ʱһˣʶǿʱһ
һһܰȫ߳ȥ
ЩɣҪȥȡƬ⽭നһ𣬱Ͼ˵ΪʵЩͣǴŶԷһǰУԺܻΪһ׸
ˣ
ന죬ǿڣϣ
̾˿ͷðɡ
നһϲлл
֣Ųȥܿ߳ȥԶԶ
Уµɱ׾ٵնң;췢˲ٱҩȻ㲻䣬С̫ûʲôãɼֵȴҲףȡ˴󲿷֣һЩָ˽ന
ʹýനǾϲϾനֻΪЩһ˶㲻ʲôɶĽനԣȴǱغ䡣
ģനɫЩˣԽԽȥˡ
ǣѡѵҪȥ
ʵ
ͷǡ
²õ϶നʧɫ⡭˵ضǿµĹȥȥֱ
֮ǰǿ󣬾ø죬һܰȻ߳Ƭģȴǲ룬쾹ȻҪȥҪ֪ƬƬյĵطֻ㾳ǿ߲Ÿ̤У쾹Ҫȥ
᲻˵ʲôģأ
Щ
ƽкº͹ǣֿøǡ
˵ţŲûб仯ȥ
С̫һһҵĸԱߣһƬĵȥ
നǰжȥЩĻź£ȴҧȥ
ΪѾԶԶ߹˴ĵʱ˷ֿжǳΣգסڵЩֲޣһͷ죬ȥȻҲΣգȴһĻٱжĴҪ
ˣȨ⣬ֻܼ졣
ŽനһͬУû˵ʲôһҲûиı䡣
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱɫð֮˵㷱˸ҹɫ˴ء
Ƭڣ޵Ӵ̶ȰռӾࡣ
ΪҹΪԾʱΡ
Ҳʱ˿ƬʶУ΢΢£һƵ߲ϼ⵴ʶڣŸλӿȥ
λãԶˡ
лһĨâ
Ѿӽ֪Ƭһɫ⣬ѾȷɫǽƬʱʶе춯ʾƬŽƬĴڣǲЩϲ
𣡡

¹ƬأΪһ㵭ԣȥԶһͷ鲼Ǵ̵ĹٶȲ죬ϢȴܾˣŲ༶Ρ
ͬһʱ䣬λãһͷݻգ˫չаңǽ֯Ų۷弶ѹһŤ󿦿ı顣
λãһͷͨ彻֯⣬ͫѪˣҲڲ༶
ԶЩĵطָбķϣĿĺëϬв༶ҹӭŲǿձԴϢԺֲܿ
⣬⡭
നĲȻĸƬĵλá
ƬһͷͷĿֲޣоǴӱǿԽ顣
ϢҪǷˣ

طĲ༶ޣԲʲôսȻǰ벽㼶ǿߣҲܼ򵥵Ļɱ֮Դ˿˽ΪԼƬо㾳ңֹһɣ
ΪЩ༶һͷ㾳ޣǾ鷳ˡ
ϢѹͣƬСƶܿһͷͷǿޡ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
ʱƬй˲̵ľ룬ܿһͷͷһСɵλϡ
СڣһȭͷСɫɢһ߲ϼ⣬⸽ĴΪ֮еһжѹˡ
ҵˣ
еֳտտâֱֱĶС³ɫ⡣
ʣһ齣Ƭ
¶ı飺طôһɫ⣿ǰǾѾ֪ĿģϤôһɫ⣬ɴ˿̼ǲɵЩȣΪɫǳжٰ
ʮʱѾȡüһģһɫˣһ⣬ǳԾɻ
ͬһʱ䣬നҲǱɫֹס˸⡭Ƭڴ˵еɵ⣿㾳ǿ߶Ҫõ
ͨԹűдԣƳһɫ⣬̺ԣͨǵһ񱦣㾳ڶǰ˵Ҫȡ˳ȴʧˣλ߲ųһУѹƴ˿Խ֮ȡߣȻǿ޷
ͨǵʿ֪˵ʵ֪еȷôһɫ⣬ȴδۼ뿴ɢɫ񻪣оϴΪ֮񵱼ֹס˸֮ɫ
ңȥȡȻ뿪

طʮּžûʲôޣ˵ԭأԼɫȥ
ȥȡȥനɵ⣬Ȼ㾳ǿ߶޷ȡߣ޷ǿȥȡǿпѵģ


1449 ͱˣ
ڽനĻû⣬²䣬Сȴȥ
ȥˣܻǳֲޣ˶վģ̫³çˣ
നżؽе
죡Ŀžˣ
ͺȣһķɽന
ɫޱȷǷһ޷ƿصˣȴǿɵĽ֮뵽ڣһǳ˿ŽനĻǾúЩˡ
Ҳʱһɾգۼֱɫǰ
һĻĽന¶𾪺Ͳŵı飬죬ͽߵɫǰûܵһ˿һ谭ƽء
һ̣ɫٱ䣬ҰУ絽ɫǰһʹɫͬܵٻһ㣬һûڡ
ֻһ˲䣬е߲ԻɫΪһ塣
⡭
𺧡
ͨϵŴ˵еɵ⣬̺ɫѹƴųһУ㾳ǿ߳޷ȡߣ޷ǰ쾹Ȼͽߵɫǰ׾پͽ֮ڣƤӲסľ
ôܣ
ľΪȴܸоĳûдﵽ㾳磬ȻˣЩ㾳ǿ޷ɫ⣬ȴ׾ȡ˫ۣоԼ˿̿ķ·ǻþ㡣
ˣ
Сȴɫڣɫ˲ʶ
ɫʶе񽣵ĽƬʶɲǱû뵽ʶײ߲Уͬǰ㣬һƵɫâص˿
ЩɫâдޱȾ˵̫ľʹҲ˶Ⱦһ߲ԣľһǳ˵ٶ
ͬһʱ䣬ΪҲһοʼԲڳŲ۷ȥ
ˣһۣʱȥ
ʱ󣬽Ƭ񽣺߲ʹ⻪ϣ侫ǿ࣬ΪҲ˲٣벻ླ۷ѾûжԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ʶɨʶײ񽣣ϣиԭŵƱɢϢӵĺ嫷£ƺһС
˴һƣһҵδ𣬴ڰ״̬ɨ񽣣ļЩ㱣ؼ䣬ɢ˶ٽƬֵʲô
Щʶе񽣣оΣɽ֪ǿ֮ܿ⣬棬κͷȫһƬã
֪û೤ʱ֮ܽۼ
̾Ϣ
߲񽣣һۼԿ϶Իֲ˷ָնǣʲôʱܹۼ״̬ȴ˵
ˣȴҲôһֵ˵ģǱǣžۼĽƬԽԽ࣬ԼżԺȡøӦˣͨʱżʹ֮ôһ£Ȼֻһ¶ѣңȼʷǳС
Ȼˣȱ仯ȴҲ㹻ˣоѰ齣Ƭ£һʽʶе񽣻
һܹ֮Ϊʹãôһڳ޴ɱȻǸ󾳽ɱУҲԲʲôѵ£
󣬵ȫнƬһ죬ţܰٷְƿ񽣡
ʱһˣ
ʶɨ߲񽣣һŬѰҽƬ漴˫ۡ
ʱŵԣĸͬˮһŤ
΢ڣ˸漴һתǰ
Ϊֽ˲١
ĵ
С̫Ľ䵽ͷеſ
Ψнനһ𺳣죬ʱ˶סˡƬĴ˵еɵ⣬Ȼô򵥵ıȡˡ
ˣ߰ɡ
˵
ƬģֻΪȡƬ񽣻ƬѾȡȻûбҪ
£ˣʱ·УܿĿޣúǴӴ߳
⣬Ե˺ܶ࣬ҲºͣûڴеǵѹָС
ֱɡ
Խന
ന֮ǰһͬУΪηڵЩޣʱ߳ģ޵вʧԷûбҪٸǣûҪٴŶԷ
Ŷáõġ
നֱʱɻȡɵ֮С
˵ͷûٶ˵ʲôС̫Զȥܿ߳Զʧʾͷ
നԶȥıӰеľɫɺŨȻ
֮ʮȥеľȽЩ漴ʧ
ɵⱻȡںϣϢǼļֵ
񣬿ʼסı

߳ģ뽭നֿʱѾǷɽ
Сӣȥģ
ʵ
ȥ䣬Ȼ뿪Źǡ򣬿ǷƬһѰ߼

ȡڵĽƬ֮Ҫ뿪ŹǣǼŹȥһˡϾ뿪ǿ϶ȥͽ𣬶ҪƬϤƬĽɿԳΪһǳϸ򵼡
£նгŽҶȥΪûм£ٶȷŵĲ졣
ʮǼɽ˦󣬶ϷӰ
Ӱٶȼ죬ת۱һ˽ǰס˵ǰ·
ߣǳ񣬽Դڵۿڼˮ׼
ǡ
ͣ½ŲųߣһЦ
ˣȻʱ˹еˣ֮ǰһ˹֮ȡնǿЩ˳ǰ
⣬ȻȻΪ֮ǰǸûɱҵǸ˹ͼ
Աߣųߣ˫ĿСӣǣǱأǸүͱˣ
ȻҲ˹֮ɱ죬ȴһҲ⣬ϾǴڲڣۿڵߣǰ϶㲻ϡ
ʱ˵ǣֻҪ˵꣬Է˵ǾͽΪıأ֮ʩչʥֱӳۿղΡ
߱鵭ĮеɱⲢڣʱڿһʬ塣
ˡ
⽻֯˵һһڱӡһڳһʱɢǳ˵ϢֱӽطĿռȫ
ʧ
򶨴ݣͬ߶ıӡǿѹ֮ƣƺƵĳ£С̫һС


1450 
ӡ֯⣬ϱ鲼ܼƣһ´ǿ¡
ʮձ̣ƥϢӿֹͣ
ȻȲεı˹óİɡ
۵
ܷǳ£ȻڳǿߵҶԣҲرۿռ߾ûʸӵУҲֻ൱ʥӵ˹ó
̧ͷıӡѹ£ǰڷ裬ƽ
ܹɱΣʵ֮£ᾡУĵɡ
棬ۿڵߣһ˿ڣɫĮ
еΣȻ˹ȥɱǸۿճڵĻߡ
ֻ֣С̫ˣүԣĴڣ̫ۡ
УһҲڣǵĮһﾡƿе̬
һʱ䣬¡¡ģѹıӡӿ¡
֮ʮܣɱˡ
ϻࡣ
쿪ڡ
ӭѹӡֱ̧֣һȭӭϡ
ˣ
ͬһը죬ȭͷҪ죬תۼӡײһ
һıӡֱӱҵĺǧԶһɽɽɻҽ
ôܣ
ɱߵɫ
ڱӡǿһǵۿڵΪʩչȻǲڵˣҲĿĨɱȴȻһȭ͸ҷˣ
㣬㡭
¿죬Ĳ֮ǰĴݺ͵Į˲ʧӰ١
ʱǸо˾㤡
ܹһȭ㽫Ǻ߶ҷɣǺεȲεʵ
˾ɿٻһصԶӡ
ƾ򵥵һǱȻ֪ܿ¡ʵȻҲǶ֣£Ψ·һ
ô
۷ǿһգֱӽ˸ء
־ֿ֣һκ߶ıӡɱ⡣
һΣǲǹ죬ǺⷽգֻŴշ룬Ϊǳ濹⣬Ҳв졣
ƽ̧־һơ
Ϊǿֻ壬Ϊﵽ۷壬һ·ڣ֮㾳ڵǿҲֺڿҪǿһЩֻƾѾ޾
ˣ
һƳգպıӡϣٴν֮ĺɡ
㡭
߲־ֿ֡
ûʲôĻֱӵâɲǼ˵üĴʶеķ顣
ԵеɿţΪʬ塣
٣
ЦҪ˵ʲôһֱӽ˵Ǿ˹
쿴Զһ֣ķɵöӡץأ̧Ĩϵ˵ľӡ漴֮ڡ
һֵơ
Ҹطǡ
۱ߵǣ˵
Ȼ
ٺֱЦ
£ɢǿʶھλõĲԶѰһεأʩչʥվһߣΪ
ˣ
ʩչʥȣʼǣʱʼ
ˣһۣʱȥۿߵǱʥȫһǿطɢֱӿ˵ۿվ硣
ˬ̫ˬˣүҲﵽۿղˣ
˷ܡ
ﵽۿճڶѾͰ㼤ܲܳϢ㣿б˵ٻʱ䣬ۿվΪһ¡
ۣ漴ٴתԼžʼ̵ۿվΪ
ˣһۣչȥ
һ죬ۣͣתžۿվΪȹ
ܺ͵ۿڵһս
쿴Цŵ˵ͷ
ླǿʶԸоĳʱľǳǿᣬܲŸոտ뵽ۿղΣǣսԲȵۿڵʿ
ү˭ܹˣЩȻĵֿڣ˵СҪذһ˻ɱ㲻ɹô˵ڶΣңȡһϻϣݵġ
һλɱʧܣαձǳױ¶ǰҽ¸䣬ȻȻȲңټǰҡ
ܹܼ򵥵뵽˹ʲô
ۣʲô뷨
Ǿ仰Сһֻ㣬ټֱˡҪ˵ʲôѾͷ˲ʲôöװһƽ͵ıģͼĺøУһʼͺͰ׳һ
ԴͬУʮ㡣
߰ɣȥ䡣

С̫еſͷкŽҶȥ
ܿ죬ʮɽ˦
ҲʱռҡԲڵĿЩ̣Щѹ֡
ӰԶΪߣѪǿʢڻ¯ܾˣÿ˶Ű벽㾳ĲΡ
벽㾳ҵˣ˹С˵ε˶ܵ
¶ɫ
ҡͷҵˡ
벽㾳ǿߣѾ̫ϳϼĴˣλҵļҪ߳࣬˹ȻΪҵʥӣȴҲܵεΪҪǣ⼸ϣûиܵ˹ƵϢ
ʲôˣ
ɻ
쿴ˣԵúƽ˿Ҳ⣺ǾҪˡ
ߣܹо߲ƣǱȴû˿ı仯
䣬һۣһһŰۣʱĿϣдŷǳԵľâΪŨ
ڣȲεΪȻܹȡ߳ڵ㾳ڶ޷ȡߣ޷ɵ⡣
Уߵ
ԣɫһ
ͬʱҲΪ֮ɫ
ô֪ģ
Ķߡ
ûв͸ǽ˸ǡ
У۵Ǹ߿ڣЩĮǿĿȴһƬȣһذ㡣
һɺɢ
ന

С̫ȥȡƬʱֻнനһڣʱ붼룬˲֪ǽന¸֪Щˡ
һƷʮƿҩȡϢֵá
ߵĻ
˵Ĳ²⣬ûд
𱨣⹷յĶ
ŭ
Ǽ˲ģന׷ɱۿҪû콫֮£Ǵյĳߣ;ѰıҩҲ˶ԷһЩȴû뵽߳ĺ󣬶Էԡȡɫ⡱ΪˣԻȡһƷʮƿҩ


1451 ޱ
ӱҲŭû뵽ᱻµڱͱһ
С̫ʱҲģקСצӡ
നֱ

ϵձǿΪƬռ䡣
߿죬һָ߸ϣԸ˫֣ȥܼͰɡģǺ֪ôȡɻԣŪµԭɣԼȡƿǷɻǰǲɱ㡣˵ţɨԵС̫ѣǻһʹ졣
ӽന֪쾹ȻԲ㾳Ϊȡ˳ɵ⣬ܼ˴󾪣Ҫ֪ⱻһпԣԹͨҲ֪жǿǰģͼ֮ȡУȴʧˣûһȻ㾳۷˳У޷
һʼ£ɵനʶӻˣҸ˽നܳı꣬󣬳ȴڱչص⣬ܼǿ̫ϳͬʱˣ·ǳӣҪѹؼڡ
ԲླΪȡԣǾһʲôⷽѹڣڳȷٴȡԲƿغܼҶԾԻĺôΪ̫ˡ
ɣҪԶѹ㣬ֻЩҪĿͷߵɨԱߵС̫ǣʧˡ
䣬ϸֳ⣬ֱĹС̫
ֻתۼ䣬âֱնС̫ǰ
ҲʱĺøŨһƵĲ
͵նâֱӱ顣
ɫ΢նȻȫȴҲ㹻£һĲ۷ǿ߶ն񣬾Ȼƾ͸ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬֮һĺߺͰ΢ݣǽԶݡ
ƾǼ飬Ҳҵǰſʲôܼʲô

䣡
绡֯ž졣
һ˲ѣط񷶼ЩɫڲƵ
̼䣬һٰϢѹʮһѽҪ١
ܼұȶ̫ϳһȫɫһ̣ɢǵϢֲ̫ˣǿ벽㾳ǣȻе˿ֻš
𾪣֮ǰĸ߸̼ʧӰ٣㣬㡭
䣡
Ҫ˵ĶĤһ׳ɫһͷɫֱӽ֣֮˸飬Ҳһ١

ߺͰ뾪С
ôܣ
˶¡
һ벽㾳ǿߣȻֻһͱĨɱˣ
䣡
Ƭøˣһɫ緭ֲˡ
ŭˣҵ˹αɱˣһҲֻС󣬵һ־תͷͳͱӣȡڵɫ˻ȡôЩܡ
ܼҵĺߺͰߣӱǣѹ䡣
ֻһ˲䣬Ƭرɫ֣ɲǻһɫ׺
ۣ
ֱӱ飬Ψһǿӳ־ֵֿĳԶߡ
ŶݳʮԶֱܼɫѹͷ
סֻ֣
̶Ĳҽ쳹գ˵ֱӱķ顣
飬
Ŀ䣬ɨߡ
Ϊǿֻ壬һ·۷壬㾳£޵е㾳µǰ˿ķ
ġౣ֤֮ضѰС鷳
ļ£ġ
Ŀɫ׽֯۳һֻ֣һѽץǰǿһûԷʶѰڽനС

߲ҽУֱʶʶһƹѡ
ɫᣬǿڶԷʶ⣬ʮ԰ʶеϤһУ£뿪ĺ󣬽നŻĹܼңȡĵɫΪܸܼңȡһʮƿҩ
ͬʱҲ֪˽നΪͨǵġޱŵ
ޱΪͨϵһţΪһۿռʿǿ˴ΣനΪޱĸӡ
ѰЩ飬ӿ۵һķ顣
漴΢
·ߣȥޱ󡣡
˵
ന
ʵʱתȥޱȻµĵͽനйء
ͷӰʶѵĹڽന¼򵥺¡
ߣǹյȥ

˳ĸоĺܲܡ
ǣǵˣǱǾȹˡ
ѽ
С̫ҲģſݺݵĻӶצӡ
ߡ
ת·ߣطϷλöȥ
ӰߵʶУѰ˽നΪޱȻȻҲѰޱλãλŹǵļϷ
ܿ죬ԼС̫һ߳ȥԶ

ͨǣĹܼҡ
ܼΪʱĴ뽪ҡҡںͨĸͬΪͨϵǿУΪһǿһƬɽȺ䣬һΡ¥ŨҪҺ̬һ㡣
ʲô
һŭܼһڴܼҼվڴģ岻סĲ
ͬһʱ䣬ڻܼҴһ̣ɫ԰ס
ڸղţǵõԼһ̫ϳϵĻơȫϨˡ
λ̫ϳͬʱȥѹǸȡɵԵˣȻ
ˣɱλ̫ϳϣ
λ̫ϳϿɸǰ벽㾳ǿ߰壬ֻڱչеܹѹǣȴȻ
ôܣ
ǸޱĽനǳ˵Ϊδﵽ㾳벽㾳̫ϳͬʱն㾳κˣôܻᱻ
ڣܼҵһ־ŭ
벽㾳̫ϳϣĴ⣡

նܼҵ̫ϳϣԼС̫һʱг֮ǰλúԶѾʮĴɽ
漴ֹȥһʱʱ䣬һͨǼϷһƬɽ⡣
ȥɽȺŴƬ¥ƲףһЩڷɣƬĸ¥⣬вѪʿš
ޱ󣬵ˡ
쿴ɽȺڣн֯һƺâ
ƬɽȺޱ֮е£ҲǷǳƾá
ȥǶ𱨵Ĺ⽴



1452 ɸ
ޱɽ䣬С̫תޱǰ
û˵һֱ֣ӳޱڿȥĿ⣬һƬ䡣
ЩŭˣനǲС˵©콫ȡ˴ɫµ⣬ڣԷµ̸ȥ꣬ҲҶԷ鷳
ȻԷȴ֪ĹܼҶޱ£֪ºԼһ⵽ܼҶԸ£¸ܸܼһȡ౦̡
ʲôˣֹ
κδͥⶼеͽأޱȻҲ⣬ʮ޵Ӽ졢С̫ǰȳ⡣
첽䣬Ŀ

ʵ޵һĨ⣬гìһֱӳ
⣬ȻƵϢ𶯣һ⶯ֵ޵ӱԶԶڿѪֱӻʹȥ
һ֣
ޱ£
ѹ
طһ޵־ŭ䣬ӱ졣

ԱߣһǿȻ
ʱǰ޵ɣеıһ⣬ȫҽ
ĽŲû˿仯ޱֱͥӲޱ֮ڡ
ޱڣʿ࣬Ȼвע⵽һ˻ͥʮǿд뱦ڣһ¶ݣͬʱĿҲñ
ǣôĵӣ㴳ҽ̣ǿִ¿ڣȫ£
䣡
ʮܵɢطޱһ춯֡
⣬ȻӿϢˮƵ̼Ķֵɡ
һϣ
гϼ﷢һĻһ𹥻ͨѹ졣
Ȼɣûгֻ֣Ȼ֯ŵܲķ֮ʹöֵȫѪɣȻǷʩҲǲ⡣
һʱ䣬˶ˣٴοʱǷһС
ͨȥ֪ͨƽ̴˺̫ϳǣ
˲
뿪ųޱȥ
ȻĮûˣǿĲһɨ̼䷢ֽനԷλڣǾޱλá
Ŀ䣬ͽУޱȥ

ޱһ¥ڣനһһǰ
ϰڷʮƿƿڴʱţŨҩɢƢͬһʱ䣬Ϻһڳ𽣣ϱ鲼ƣɢĽ
ôףɣ
നЦЩԵãԱߵĻ
дžϲͼͫ޺굤Դϻ굤⡭ԵۻǿҲдð˵ţĿϺŵǿڳϣøӼ嶼ɵ÷һڣı
ΪനĸףޱĸΪڵۻ죬ҲǿˣľΪףʱ򣬼ϵһڱȴǲɵƤӶѣʵһڱ̫ˣʮƿԵۻǿ߶дõıһһֱһھء
Ҫ֪ޱǿĵ̱ȼҲֻǲƷѡ
ڣനصЩУȴһ
һıɱǿΣƾһޱ󣬱ͨͬεгƵһˣڣԭЩޱǿһȼĴҲǰٰɵ
úúã̫ˣ̫ˣƽ̼漴֮ɫȥനЩǵʵ˵ǸȡɵԵ˷ǳǿŵۿռʵԶԷȡǵԵ¸֪ܼһЩ֪ˣԷضưڸݣʱ򣬻һڴ鷳
നȡЩƽ̶Ѿӽന֪ʱ򣬼֮࣬Щ
İɸף㻹֪ɵжļֵܼЩ֪º벽㼶̫ϳͬʱˣֻҪѰˣԷضѹܼң󣬽ֲԶֻǱھΪȡԵԼܼҶڵԣ󣬵ᱻɱԣȻ֪ҽ¸֪ܼңҲʲôҲˣǲҪʲô
നŵϴȻЦЩԲϾǾȹҵô˵ţȴ˿֮ɫҲûУЩ⡣
漴ʲôƽ̵˸ףһǰֵǴŸǲǿȥһˣƣǿɸıȫȡʱޱضἫٵıǿȻﵽĹܼǵȲҲûܣ
ŽനɸƽвɵһƾâȥԣȻϣҲƬڣֵƴ۸ӣңӡ̫ˣҪ뵽ǷɸѶʵ̫ˡ
ǰõһƵǣϼвݣָһƬĵطǺ֮£ϵ׷ѰȥһɽѰһɸɸӦɵ֣ǾһɼµɸƺвٱأΪżȻɸɹ
ʱǾϲ񣬵ʼɸڴȴʧˣȥĸֵطǳӡУǲ漴֮ÿһʱ䶼ǰɸڵǿҲȥˣ˸ַȴãһһŶε̫ϳϵ
ȥĴԽԽ٣ΪĺѿԴĽȥ
Ǹطȴһֱļ䣬һֱΪǷɸһ̫ҪˣֻҪܹȡеıޱضڼ̵ʱڷչ׳ҲܹΪƬڶεĴңϣԴﵽͨźͻĹܼĲΡ
ϣ󲻴ȥɣ˵ͳɹˡ
ന
ƽ̵ͷУҺͼλ̫ϳ
ѣͻȻűײһޱӳ룬ǽɫЩƽ̴ˣС
ʲôط˭Դģ
ƽ̴˵Ļȵ
޵һڵд񣺡ԡԲ롭ƽ̴ˡ˵ţ˽ŵɡǣƽ̴ˣ˴ޱ󣬺ǿǶסλϳֶˣƽ̴˿ȥɣ
ʲô
ƽԣŭȻ˸ҹȻޱһˡ
ԱߣനһЦһΣϵĳУһλ϶Ƕ֣ԷʵҲа벽ۻʼĲΣĺʱñ
˵ţų𽣣ȥ
ǰ޵ǿ˽നеĽ𽣣̲סһȻΪǿȴҲǸо𽣵Ŀ£ǿһ㡣

ޱڣĿ䵭С̫һ·һȥ
֮ޱ˱ܣһž֮ɫɫסΪڸղţһ˶Ҫѹ죬ĳǿҲˣȴǱɣȻȻ֯ŵϢס
Ϊ֮־壬ֻȻȻ֯ŵϢǰǿһĳϼǿ߶ֵס˸Ƕô£ܵУ
ҵҪĸ۵Ķô󵨣Ҵޱ
һЦ𣬽ന֣ޱеĳתԣһޱɱһĽٶ¡


1453 ޾
ıĺܲ߳ന϶һƵƣ֮ĿռŤʹһޱӽΪ֮¶ݡ
ơ
áǿ
Ǳǣ
ޱӳԾĿڽനеĳϣΪ֮Ĳ
ɢŵĽ̫ˣ
നЩͬŵϵ𾪱飬ԽľԼԡȡ߳ڵɫ⡱Ϊ뻻ȡʵ̫ˡ
ޱǰһޱΪóһ·
ʱԭһ޵ӵסǰĿռ䣬˲¶˳
һȻĽന̼俴졢С̫
ɲǶѣനɫϵİȻֱˣ̲סŵŵɵĺˡ
㣬㡭
ɫò԰ףִޱ˵󣬿һıоֱֳһɺܲԤС졭֪ܼҵ£
𱨵ĹŵĽ𣿡
Ц
നɲǣע⵽˶ԷŵĳΪһֱӾͲ³ǶԷԡȡ߳ڵɫ⡱ܼһȡƷΪޱʵȡȲεıһʱ䣬еĺøŨЩڽനɱ˿ҲΡ
С̫۾ĴģŽനڽനĶǷǳ
Ŀʱ뽭നʮɾ룬һŶԷȥ
ന˶ˣӭǵŵŵɵĺˡ
ʱ򣬲Ҫκһ˿ɻԡȡ߳ڵɫ⡱ܼһȡ౦£ȻѾǱ֪ˡ
־ֿ֣ܼҺܼҳ˿벽㼶̫ϳϣֻܴ벽㼶֪ܼ£Ҳ˵ܼ벽㼶̫ϳѾҵ죬Ѿˡ£֪ºΪλܰȻ룬Ȼҵطܼ벽㾳ˣȻûܹѹסô
˼£Ҳ벻ͨ󣬼쿿ԽԽͷһɫò԰ֹסķ
֣ҽͣԭ
ৣ
ƿյٶȺЩֻһ˲ͳڽനǰ϶ԷͬʱһڶԷؿڡ
һന˺ɣֱײڲԶһʯϣڿѪͬɱĲҺͷȫˡ

һޱӴ־־⻹촳һ֡
നڲԶѪҽУ˺ѷΡ
ന
ƽ̵ԲԶ𣬿ٳ֮ǰڵõµǿд֮󣬼Žനĳ߳ҲǲΪ֪ǳǿᣬýനı֮㹻ն֮ˣԼǽϵʮJҩС漴ߣʱϵطǡüനڵϲҽѪĻ档
ٶȺܿ죬һ۱ǳڽനߣŭӡ
ס
നӿѪղҰףһͷʱʹңΪʱȻ޷޸ƣѵĹͷ޷ϡ
˭ɵģ
ƽŭ𷭹ӱ˳ģɱŨۻʼƺƵĳŽനӿȥന޸壬ǣӿĵۻʼ뽭നںȴ˿ҲûУһ֯ڽനڣ뽭നڵֱӱനڵķ顣
ʹۻʼƽ̸ӾŭиŽനӿȥ
ȻЧ
ĿƽٴγŽനȥ
һ߷ɽനԷ񻹻ûȻ˵ĽΪֻ򵥵һɱനʵ̫˶Էˡ
ͬʱന֮޷壬ۼƽҲ޷ԷȻҲΪ֮һڽനؿʱһӿ˶Էڣ˶ԷоڽനڣȻȫ޷ͻƲע뵽Էڵ֮ԣന޷ƽҲ޷ǵΪԲԷനֻܳǵȾʹ
നеĿ־Ũҡ
ףҡ͡ҡ֮ǰᵽˡ
ֻš
ƽȻĶനĻ죬ɫͱ䡭ǽന֮ǰ˵ģڳȡɫǸΪٴڵۿվˣԷޱԽന֣Ѿ֪˽നܻĹܼһȡ౦£֮ǰĵǣİǰ
֮븸޹أÿ
ǰӽന䵭ƽ̵
㡭Ҷô
ƽҧ
ôԶЦ⹷Ǿҩȴ𱨳ǣ£˵Ҫô
⻰еɱǳԣȻҪնɱനʹƽ̲ɵһ㣬ǡ
ÿ
ͬʱһһƽʮԶ
ƽ̴ˣ
طһޱӷ־ֿ֡
ޱƽ̿ǴڵۻʼΰȻȴȻƾ͸ĺɣǺεΪſĵ
നͷ飬ӿѪʱ죬еľֱøŨ
֣֡ҡҴˣһʱϣ˺Ϳ㡭˲С˹ġĹҰɡ
ġ
츩ӽനһ㣬һĨâûԷڣֱӽΪϵ
ңӿ뵽ԷڣݲжԷÿһѪÿһ

നҽУΪϣͬʱΪΪϣʹ£ͷľʹѪ⾭ݻٵľʹһǼֱһ־ҵĿ̣ʹնʹŤˡ
ന
ƽ۾ˣĳɱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬պ¡¡𶯣ӰһλóΪһ̫ϳϣǴΣ֮ǰҲõµ֪ǿˣʱϵط
õ
̫ϳϼڶԽന֣Ľനҽвֹ˲֪˴Լһ˵˾죬һ¶ɱ⣬ֱӳȥ

ԶȣۿռǿƵͬˮһ㵴
ʱģƽ̺һ̫ϳȫⴴѪɡ
ƽ̣̫ϳǣ
طޱһڵ뾪
һڵӽǿ־Զֹסķ
ۡۿռ
ЩɫԱòҰס
ۿռǿǡޱһĴʼһĴڰ
һǵȼ

һߣനҽУޱʹࡣ
츩ӽനӱ飬нâԻ׼Էͷ­
ɱ⣬ʹնΪ֮Ѻۡ
ҽеĽനɱһʱʹжȴˣ־嵽˼㣬¾ж
Ҫɱңԡˣ֪һأھһɽڣи۵ɽɶɱʵһȡЩɱһɸ㣬Ҫɱң
ġ


1454 
оĽɱâന־嵽˼㣬Ϊϣͷȫ飬ȴҲģٽɸޱֻܵϣ˶ĹĲȥ
ǡɱڶ࣬ĴڣΪ㣬޷ЩɱȡΪһԵģ⡭ޱܣˣ͵ΪܼҶԸ㡭㲻Ҫɱң
ͬʱʱˣڲѬģȡ߳еɫȥܼıȡ棬Ļ䵽ء
ϣ㡭
ޱڣɵ̫ϳԭĿʱനĻʱһ־ŭ
Ҫ֪ǷɸͬѰޱպϣڣȻ޷ȡǷɸڵɱպ󣬵ȵΪǿһȡıأǸʱޱƱܹڶʱͻͽҲܳΪͨǽڻĹܼǼĴڣпǼȼ磬ΪƬС
ȴأȴȻനй¶˳ȥ
⡭
ޱ
طһޱӽľ
Զ¶һ˿ɫɼǿߵɸ
ŹҶɱ
ƽĶ죬ӿѪɣҲ˲ˡ
䵭ûпƽһۣĿֻڽനϡ
ɫ콣âϽ֯ƽ
Ҫɱңˣģҡ֪ˣҡҲ
ന־ķ
쿴ŽനһҲûУϵ콣âֱĳŶԷն¡
ȶ𱨵޳Сˣ˿顣
ۣ
콣â£ѪըനֱӱնѪ
һʱ䣬طȴ챾ˡС̫⣬˽Ժݺһ

ƽ̱Х쳹ķ

ԶŽനըĵطĵ
鲻䣬Žനըĵطһڵϣ֯ԣ鲼ƣǽനȡɫܼһȡһ
֣ȡУĨϵ˵ľӡڡ
ߡ
ڣûΪһˣкС̫ޱȥ
С̫Աߣȥ
һŭƽ˫ĿѪ죬ӱһƬĶ죺ɱҶҪ㸶ۣҪΪ֮ʧģ
һüĴŹâۻʼƵһӻന֮ǰָġڳȡɫ⡱ǣÿһòԷɿٶȴͨ䣬ͬʱĵۻʼеɵԣȡˣķƿԣץסѹԵõⷽƿɵԣ
ʶӻ֮ԶԶֹһ֮֮࣬󣬻⣬ת۷ɳޱԶʧʾͷ
Ųһ٣ֹסΣƫͷƽֱ̣ɱ⡣
Ϲյģ
ƽ̵ΪǿʹʶӻչͨǣǣֻҪʹһڵʿ֪ºܴܿͨǣΪ漰ġɫ⡱̫Ƿˣͨ˶ҪõʥȻ㾳۷ǿҲҪۺ졣
ĵͨϣֹܼһ죬һɢǿߣҲɱ졣
ƽ̿ЦĿĶ죬Ѫ˿ţɱҹ⣬Ҳù֮󣬲ֹܼңͨǶΪĿ꣬һһ޵ϹԸ㣡ܰɣ
Цͬһ㡣
ӱֱӻնһâ۵һƽն
ơƽ̴ˣ
һ޵Ӳ
Ȼһļ̫ϳҲΪ֮һɵһ
Ҳʱһɺѹڵ༶ΪɣܺƵ˷̼佫ޱסʹޱ˸ӾҵĲ
۷壿
ޱӽǾֵĶ죬ɪɪҲû뵽ŵˣǿزһĴʼ滹Ҫǿ
һļ̫ϳǾĲ༶ѹɪɪĿ£ַŭڽനӵ޴Ȼȥһôֲˡ
䣡
༶ܷһһڵ
һ̣ޱ֮ϵĲһɫڲһٽѹ䡣
ޱ󣬲ٴˣģ뿪ʮʱ䡣
쿪ڣ䡣
ന𱨵ĳߵޱֻýനӦеĴۣûҪΪκһˣȻƽ£ӷŭʱûʲô˵ģҪޱ󳹵׻ٵ
䣡
֯ڲ񷣬ѹأǵϢƺҪ¼С
ޱڣһ
ޱһڵӸȫһɻֵ̿ĸо궼˷
ҡߣϾ뿪
˲ɿĳޱȥ
ͬʱһޱӽǶûκԥȫޱȥٶȫ߶ޣշһ֮
ʱ򣬲༶쿪ڣޱٴˣЩޱĵȻ֪Ҫٵޱ󣬶Ը뿪ҪµˣɽΪĹĿ꣬ˣЩﻹҼ£˼þֱӳɶݣΪڵǴڲླΣˣޱһĴʼʼ渴Ҳֻб̧ѹնĽ֣ʲô
£ֻƾȥ塣
ˣЩôܻ£ʱһĽǷɿ塣
Ųϵøӿ񱩣Ȼһļ𼶵̫ϳҲˣȫޱȥΪֻһ·һ
ǶԸĸӣ
ŭĵʱǺ޲ýനӴӵɱһΣΪ죬ôƾµޱ󣬾Ҫˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһֻ߸ѣޱļ̫ϳϺޱһڵӣȫޱҶͣıֶԸǣǷһĳŸԶĵطȥתۼȫܵûӰ
Щ룬ĺ
ͬһʱ䣬ɫ䣬һƵ޾ɫ̼ѹ䣬ͷɫֱӽޱС
䣡
̼䣬飬̳ޱڵһ¥ֱ̮֮ķѣתۻһƬ档


1455 ͨ
գԵޱȣ˫£תۼʹޱ٣ΨгƬ̳ƮڿУһƵĵ绡˸
ߡ
кС̫Ѿޱȥ
ٵطȻЩѾ¸ı䲻ˡ»Щˡ
˵
നԭֻǽȡɫ¸ܸܼңֻҪܼұɣڣനĸ׽ԾӻķʽҪ˶ãͨǱǶ˾֪ʱһкһɢǿ߶ԸԶȡ⣬鷳һһĽ
ˮڣȥʲô
ƽ
뵽£ȻҲ뵽ȴനĸ׸ս´ͨǡʱЩŭ⣬ʱѾǲˣҲûʲôá
֪ô˵Ʋ죬ǣʲôȥȥҽŮޣ
ʱ֮ȥ˵ȥനᵽƬɸ
ǰһ֮ǰനΪ˻¶ޱĴأƾطһɽڣһɼǿߵɸ
ĳ˵Ӧû˵ѣӦȷʵһɸңɱ١
˵
֮ǰҪɱനʱ򣬽ന³£ϣ˶ŹӦòʱ£ԷʱϣͲм١ңޱļ̫ϳϵʱķŭ̬Ҳ֤ʵനԲ顣
ͷ߰ɡ
£һնУŽനᵽķ򣬳һضȥ

ͨǣʱˡ
നĸʶӻȡ߳ɫ⡱´ֻоޱȽϽʿϤ󣬺ܿ죬һ䶯תۼͬ߰㣬һޱȿֲٶȴͨǸ䣬һޱȶݵʱʹͨ˽֪
ǷɵԣȻܹ֮ȡߣ£ǿ߳ȱǰɶ޹ˡ
ⷽƿǵɵԣֻҪõַκ˶ԼԦԣ
⡭
һʿľ
ͨšڡĹҵȴУڵĴݡ
ҵأ
ĴǣһڸԵĴ֮ڣһ
ĹܼڣܼҼһླĳϼǿڵȴԼһڳغȥԸ죬ѹػȡɫ֮أƿŴһпԵɵԣʱȻҲϢŭ
쵰
гŭΪ֮ǰനܣǶԽനȫ֪֮ǰʶӻǽനĸΪʱŭĲУɱ⡣
നԡԳȡɫ⡱Ϊ룬Ѿܼһһ౦ҩˣ¾ֻܼ֪֮ǰനǽй¶ˣǻޱֱӴͨʧ
񣬽നûǾ£¸֪丸ף丸׸ǽ´ͨǣ˾֪ܼ֮ȡɵԣ㾳أҲ
ȥޱ󣡻ٵ
гŭ
һĴǣŭ㣬һɱڡ
ˣһļͺдŭɫޱޱѻ٣ȥˡ
ܼһʼܼҼΪһ̱ˡ
നĸײԵ޹ʴ£ܲη壬λ̫ϳȥ󣬵õɫ֪˽നܵ£ȥޱ󽫽നնɱýനĸ˼ɵĽ±¶£ȡɫ˳Ϊ֮ʧġ
һ˿ڣҧǸȡɫ˵Ը񣬸ɱ̫ϳϣԵޱ󣬱ضǿƺᣬȱനܣֱനĸ׽´£ŭҲŨޱڽന֮Щʶӻ󣬵ǣܱס

һĴŭ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ͨһƬĴĹŽڣϤȡ߳ڵɫ⡱±˱¶ͨǣʱʧɫ
һ֪ȡ߳ڵɫ⣬Ϊȡͬ⣬ͬʱҲ֪ǶҪڻصȻ۰ԼĽ涼ûἰ£֮ǰȥʲôʱһҲûᣬ֪ĳǲֻ˳ɾ͵СˣȴҲ֪ɫͬСɣȥκš
˵С׵ļ˶ţֻδᣬȴ˽ʶӻķʽ¶£˾֪ʹ쳣ķŭΪ±¶Ʊػȥ鷳ƬǿɢޣΪšɫ⡱ɱȥ
Լķ߳ٶҵΪүүĽΪ׵ĽҼԼһڴǳ壬ѰؽһӡϾȻǿǼ߳ȴҲǾԵֵˣΪǼүүһǴ۷塣
ҲԲླΪ㾳۷ǿ߿⣬һǼѰֱضޱȵ⣬ƹ
ʱֻүүͬʱԼ֪ȡ߳ڵɫ⡱£Լ뿪Һȥȡɫ£ʱҲͽ˵˳
ʱȡɫ±¶£ѾûҪˡ
ԲүүԲף䲻ǣֻǣǶĺҪ
Ǹ
ڽҵǰѾΪനĸ״ʶӻ֪ˡȡڵɫ⡱£ܳԾʱŽԼһ֪ȡɫ⣬֪֮ǰ뿪ȥ¾ȥȡɫʱǲɵһ㶡
ܿ죬һһڴֲɵöЦЩա
ɵѾͷүү㸸ףЩǣֻ𱨵СˣҪ˵Ǹ˾ȹһ·㻤ͻ壬ǸزʶİˣֻҪƾԼıȡɵԣҵҲΪѣȻǻġЦ漴ֿڣΪѶ룬ʧ˵ԭҲүү㸸ԼЩϲԭ֮һ
ԲүүٴεǸЩеĵǣڡ
żүүԳȥѰһĸ
氲ο

ͨڣʿ۹ڡȡ߳ɫ⡱£˶ΪĿâԴޱ⡣
Щ£϶֪ȴԵ÷ǳƽʱԼС̫һŽനǰᵽĻһɽڵһɽǰ
ȥⷽɽϳԲΣǳֱۣңӲݣԵñȽϻ谵֪ͨδ
ŵ˸ᵽģɸǷɽ
ӦþˣͽനĻȫǺϡ



1456 
ɽԲΣֱԼңɽ⣬ѨܼӲݣȥۣûκ˻ʲôһĵط˴ӽനһɸĲ࿴һۡ
ߡ

һɽڿռ谵ȴӰ첻ǵҰ
ɽУܿӦһϢһɵ
ɼϢɵ򲨶ǰ΢ǽС˹Ȼû˵ѡȻ֮ǰּѾµന˵ɸǻԣʱߵɽиӦϢɵȷ
΢΢ͷоϢɵҲ΢
˶٣С̫ɽȥ
ܿ죬ɽڣ߳ȥԼʮɡ
ʱкһѹֵϢرͬˮưռҲ֮Ťһ΢СԵɣϢˣҪһС
ǣ
ɫȻڵۿռΣ˿̼ͻȻֵУȻҲǸов
ͬʱС̫ҲǵۣһˣһǿǿҪ̵һС
ҲԶݣеʵΪһֵɱ֣ȻͨĲ۷ǿҲ޷ס
Ķֻһ˲ѣһָ̣ƽڵرһ̤ʱһƵ
ƽ֯΢⣬ûĵصףܿʹǰĿռһ鵭漴ʧ
ȵ֣ΪҪƽ⣬Ĳʲô¡
ѹޱ˷ȴȥȶ㾳µˣ޷ͨ

ͷǰɽڿȥ
̽·طŸָӶΣյĵ֣طɱƺ֣ܿ¡
ȴǱȽɣһ·ڣƿһɱ֣ܿгԶ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
иеӡԻۿɱ⣬ˡ
ɱٿնڵǿߡ
춯ݡ
С̫Ҳ¶ɫӭЩɱ⣬һɷǳΣյĸо
ವģɱᴩգֱӳһ˹ᴩ
СӣĶ𣿡
Ȳεɱ⣬С̫Ϊ
ͷһתһƻܻɢ֯գתۺطڵЩӡһ𣬿ʹܽ⡣
նɱ⣬˲һƸĵķ顣
漴֣һݻꪣֱĳǰͶ̼佫ǰɱȫݻ١
ߡ
˵С̫ɽȥ
ⷽɽҲ֪жһ·ȥǰУܿվǱ׾ٵĽˡ
ЩŹְŵģɼǿߵж¶һ˿ɻı飬ɼǿµֶΣôĴɣ
ɽһ·еط˲ٵƣǳ򵥵ƽ⣬Щɻǳǿ֪ģƿֶΣɾˣɼǿ߲µֶΣҲӦ׾ٵƿŶԡ
ԵͷȷʵЩŹ֡
ƿֶΣܲΪҪȥƽɼǿµĵɱҲǳѣһܹɹȴ򵥵Щ֣;еӡ׾ٵ߽ˣЩϳ
ѵ;ЩӡֻǵǸǿⲼ£ûȥ̻Բô׵ƻ
²⡣
ԣҲпԭ򡣡

ûϹȥᣬкС̫ɽߡ
ܿ죬ǰУɽֱþ޴ԽԽǰһƵĹһͬưŻһǰʱŻ㡣
ﾹһš¶â棬ѵɸ
ȥ֪ˡ

ûκΣյĸо˶ٺ󣬴Сֱ̫ӿ뵽֮ڡ
̼䣬ǰ΢һǴʲôϰ㣬ɽʧһƬռڡ
ȥҰиֳһΡĴɽľһĺʵرԶһЩĵطĺʣоȥһƬʵС㣬ϢƮпУɽӦɵϢŨ򱶡
ΪٵСռ䣬Ծǽന˵ɸˣ
оâŨ
֮ǰ²źӦþɸʱ򣬽뵽УǰȻ棬ÿȫ϶ˡ
Ӧþˡ
ͷ
лһĨǿĲ༶ɢƬռϢɵΪŨ
кС̫һǳٶȣȥ
ܿ죬һгԶǰһǺܾ޴԰ʯɣкŨﴫ
ˣ
طһûκԥƿţŵȥ
Ųʯÿʯ϶Ƕһž޴ҹ飬ԣĿռ䲢谵ͬʱĹǳ򵥣ֻһֱͨһСĶΨһĵܿеͷ
ͷһǰֳһţΪܲûκΣϢֱƿţС̫ȥУ漴ʱ䶼Ϊ֮һ
źĿռǳаڷ౦ͱҩзǳŨĵҩƮڿУֻһ£һ˱Ǹоë׶չ˿
ǡꡢʫݡ˫ĿŹ⣺ۿǿߵΪڵҩȻѾʧ˲٣ǷǳˣңЩĿǳ࣬С̫гá
𵤣
Ŀһ͸СƿڣװöĴָǴСı潻֯ӡһżڿġ𵤡ȫһ£ֱ׳༶ǿߵΪңûκεĸá
¶貹ƾö𵤣ڶʱڿ뵽벽Σ


գСһЩֱӴﵽ벽ླˣ
ЩкС̫
£һͬʱ֣콫ȡ£С̫Ǹһꡢͻʫݡ
еЩǲܾˣǿĲ۷걦Σһȫץ뵽ڡͬʱһЩͨżĵȣҲһЩȻûʲôãֵȴǲס
നǹյģǰǵһǳĵط
Ц
еıҩһˣڶʱһصΪ
ջ񣬿νǴľˣ
ȷʵ
ͷɵҲЦ
С̫ͻȻ˳ͷСצӣָ
˳С̫צӿȥһʯţϱ鲼Ÿֹơ
ȻʯҾСȻҲǿʯţǸֳ棬и˵ı


1457 ɿʬ
ʯλڴڣɣϿӡиͼӡơ
쿴༶ӿȴ޷ûʯź󣬲ʲôΨһܹоǣʯŴϢɵŨҡ
˶٣кС̫ߵʯŽǰ˫ʯϣ̫ľӿһʩչֲһһƽʯϵĵơ
ܿ죬ʮʱȥǿʵʯϵĵ
ɵǳŨҲ֪ʲôСһЩ
С̫漴˫СĵĽʯƿ
䣡
ʯűƿһɿµķ籩ϯޱŨҵϢɵӿǳˡ
Ϊ֮ǰѹҪСģС̫㶼ǷǳԼȻŸֱʣʱоǶݣڵһʱƣʯƶȥʮԶ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ʯڳĵطֱӱˣƬĻ磬þҲԸԭһ˽Բɵľ
üʱ㿪ˣҪǱϢУڵʿҲס
¡
С̫Ҳӣģɷǿɰ
ҲЩݣܿƽʯʱפ㣬ֱʯûκΣյĶٳкС̫ʯźȥ
ǰܿǽ뵽ʯڡ
ȥʯұȽϿտռһҲ谵Ƕвʯɢŷǳ͵ĹâһУʱоһɷǳ޴ѹǼͷͻȻѹصľʯؿڲıЩѹ
һ޶һ漴Ŀƶʯ棬ɵöݡ
ǣ
ʯһ񴲣һӰѾû˿ϢɿݵĲӣһƤ˹ͷһ㡣
ôһ߿ʬȴɢŷǳŨϢɵ򣬶˷֣ʯѹѹ֣Դ߿ʬ
һʬ
¶ݡ
Ӧþˡ
ͷ
벽ɼǿߣҲɢɵȴǳ΢ԶԶ޷߿ʬȣ벽ɢϢɵһˮô߿ʬɢϢɵһƬ
߿ʬ˰κ󣬲кС̫ſʬȥ
ܿ죬ʬǰ֮ǰѹкѹָбøŨһ޽ɳһɺ˳ĸо
ôоɿʬɻ漴ƺ뵽ʲôòɸ˰ɣ
ȥӦþûˡ

ʯҵɸıչ֮񴲣еĵ̨߿ʬϣҪ˵ɸˣ治
ɡôԼıչ֮ˣȥȥ
ɻ
̧֣ɿʬ֮ϣ΢̽һƽ߿ʬڡ
ܿ죬ɿʬڸӦһư΢ȴޱȻңҴһɷǳ񱩵Ϣͬһͷʬڵް㡣
ͬʱ΢лһɵĲǳȴôȶоȥͰ벽ǿ߸ʱĴȶơ
ǡ
лһĨ⣬Щ⡣
ôˣʲô
ʵ
С̫ҲƫСԴĿ졣
ź΢ĿмŴɵȴôȶۺͻɾʱ⣬Ȼ뵽ɾȴʱÿܿƣӦǱǵȿ񱩵ٲѪҲܵ𻵣ɿģ
㾳ǿҪɾ磬һҪ㣬ҪƿһԽͨɵ򣬶ڸոմ㾳ɾʱƿصɵ򶼲ȶҪʱȹ̡ʬڵĲҶ񱩣дֲȶɵ򣬶ûκˣԣĲ²⣬öԷӦطɾ⣬¼
ҲΪˣϵϢɵŻ᲻ܿƵĴʯңǷٳС磬ִźɽ֮С
ͬʱҲԽΪʲôǴɽʱЩӡǺܿ£׾ƿӦɸ˻㾳ʱ£Է㾳ΪµĵƣΪֶΣƽͲѡ
ݣĻɵõԲۡ
˼һĲ²Ӧþǵʵ¡
ϵĿʬſڣԷеΣҲ̫˥˰ɣ
·Уʵ̫ˣҲʲô

ɿʬ˶ٺ󣬳ıԴС磬֮С
ʬʲôʬѪ⾫ѾŵĲˣʥƺʲôá
档
ô

ʬѪ⾫ѾŸɾˣֻʣ˹ǼܣȻˣҲһʬ̵֮ǿֲĺܣƿʬԵУ֮κʿƶ׸
Լ뷨򵥵ĺ˵һ¡
ǰһͦã˵ţǣʲô
ǲõ˲ٱҩｫȻ뿪

ͷүҲô룡
£ȡö𵤣С̫ȡȱҩͬʱط
ˣ
ʱһ貵ƵΪԷɿ
תۣʱȥ
һ죬ڳһɴһö𵤡һ룬Ϊǳ뵽ླ۷壬Ϊ֮ǰ벻۷ֻһ֮ң


ת̫ľʱû̲ͣ۷ΪǼ̷µĴ𵤣ʹɢĽɫøңǿ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ϵâɫ⣬ҲԽԽǿʢ
ˣһתۣһ¹ȥ
һ죬ǿɢС̫Ⱥͣ㹻ҩΪڴʱԿ벽ླ
Щ˷ܣֱʮԱƽС̫һ𣬿һߵĻڡ𵤡е죺͵Сˡ

ͨϣн绹ڷУʿۡȡ߳ڵɫԡ£ʿԴޱ⣬Ϊ̫ڲˡ
ͬʱڡĹҡͨŵȴǽгǿ߳ͨѰټһ¹ȥȴûջûѰ졣
ңҲҪѰ
ǿ

ɸ
ʯһǣת̫ľ𵤣һչȥ
ʱĽɫøŨǿ
ʱ䣬뵽벽㾳ˣ
һ߿ţ


1458 ĸ
ʯڣ⣬ɫ⽻֯񲻶ΪҲһƱǿڵرϢıǿܵĿռ䶼˶΢΢Ϊ֮Ť
ɫʯڵʯɢ͹âӳѤá
С̫һĬĬĿţܿ죬ʱȥ
һ죬Ľɫ⽥΢ǰǰ貺ͳңǣϢȴͻأŨ౶ңΪҪǣ֮ǰһ˿ԣƺԶᰵһĸо
ͬʱȴԵϢ֯⣬Ҳ˿Ǹֳ˺ͨһϢͬǸһĸо
Ϣ
¶âҪﵽ벽㾳ˣʱɢȴԵϢ겨Դ꣬һڽһʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ΪѾ֮뵽㲻֮
ˣ
⣬ԵϢ겨ŨңԽԽǿ
ˣһһչȥ
һ죬ڳһɰʯھֱһ쫷硣
漴һ̣˫ۡ
벽㡣
дЩâ
ʱ΢˲оı仯Ǳøǿᣬ̲࣬øӻͬǺӰϢһǰǿ̫ࡣ
ҪǣоԼԴҲ˱仯һԣԶݽ߰ͬʱӦʶڵ꣬Ҳ׳ˣһƱ⣬Ǹһ㲻֮УϢˡ
벽㣬һֻžڲླ磬һֻſ㾳磬㾳еϢ
оâ˸
ʱһֻſ㾳еĸܵ㾳ֲŵ㲻УңҲһ֡šϢȻϢֻһ˿ѣϾֻһֻſ㾳
ͬʱսǿ࣬һǰֱ֮ʱһţѾͽֺ㾳ڵǿһս
ڣԻεˣ
ֻһˣ
˹
ֻһܿ㾳Σ㾳£ֻҪܵĻԴԶͬ١
һЦվ
㲻ֻһ֮ңȻҲЩˡ
ɨʯң߰ɡ
ⷽɸڵﶼѾȡȡıҩҲѾΪǴʱûбҪͣˡ
£ԼС̫뿪ʯңʱ·ⷽɸȥڴԼʱ³硣
ӲݵɽûͣԼС̫ɽĻɽȥûñ߳˻ɽ
󣬴һʱ뿪˻ɽԶ
ʱΪ֮һӰԶٶȿ׵磬תۼ
һ۵ߣϢǳˣһ޵Ԩ
۷壿
¶ݡ
Ѫˣ嵽طĿֱϣ̹ǡ
ҵˣ
죬ɱ⣬źŨľâ
쿴ˣ΢΢𣺡ܼҵ档ϣӦ˺֮ǰɱܼ̫ϳһѪϢټ϶ԷΪǿˣҪȥ²֪˵ݣܼɡ
ܺãӺܲ벽㾳ĺˣ㾹Ȼȫɱˣ
ܼ
ӱչܼ߳ڵһʱ֪ˡδﵽ㾳ȡ˳ڵɫ⡱£ҵ֪ܼҵ벽㾳̫ϳȫնɱ־ŭھȻ㾳Ϊȡɵԣŭܼ̫ϳϾȫնɱ׷Ѱ졣
׷Ѱ죬ҪĿģҪõӳȡߵɫ⣬֮󣬱ҪпֶνնΪ벽㾳˼Ĺ
쿴ܼ棬ܹĸоܼɱ⣬Էеһƶԡɫ⡱̰ڲסɨһ۾ܿĺͬʱҲܸоԷĿ£㾳۷ѹһӺƵǰ
ֻǣ˿Ҳ⣬ûаּɵı顣
ֻҰˣɱôҧңˣ쳰ܼ䱦ɱѺɱңҷɱһҺõöԲܼҵģ񲻶ģһ۾¡Ǿãֻܼɱˣ۶Աʲôԣȴκη͵ܼʮ˴ŮԣԲԣ̫ѿ
ܼɫӱ쾹Ȼ˵ĳ

ɱ⣬ڣֱӳѹȥ
Цɫ绡֯⣬ϵھصǲС̫һαʧԭأܼܿһ
϶ôûã㾳Ϊ༶˶׷ϣ쿪ڣʲôȻҵΪܼ̫ϳôϲģΪΪĺ˼̳һ˿ѪһѪˣܼ֮˶ԣѡ
ԴЦСӣԽԽǿˣ
С̫Ľųܼ档
ܼӶʱ̹ǣͷྭ¶ɱŨҡ
죬һ죬ʱһڳʵڤħ¡
һʱ䣬һɱ֮ǰֲϢ㾳۷ܣҪѹһС
ӦܵĿ£ʱȴûκεη֮ġ
漴һ̣΢Զ⼸
пˡ

󣬼µ˲䣬ԶգϷͱͬķԳһӰǴ㾳۷Σٶȿ磬˲Ϣǰ
쿴λϵˣϵѪϢ˹һģһǻĹҵˣһ㾳档λúͱλõˣԹ۲±ֱ֪ǽںͨŵ㾳棬Ϊ֮ǰǰĵĹУ̵㾳һЩ¡
Щ˵ĿأͲȥ˼Ϊɫ
ЩˣĮһЦ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ֹܼסĽŲɵҲ桢ͨ棬дһ˿ͽΪ˵ĿģΪ˶ϵɫ⣬ԺܲòЩ˶֡
桢ͨҲܼ棬ͬʱ໥ҲڸԴĿ䣬Ž䱸Ϊ˵Ŀģһ¡
漴һ̣ͬʱˣ໥䱸Ƶ㲻졣
ˣκһڵһʱѹסߡ


1459 ɿʬȭ
Ĵ㾳ǿһ֣κһ˶Ǵ㾳۷ΣѹʱΪ໥䱸ˣûжɵĲɷǳ¡
Ц͸Ҵ泯벽㼶ǿ
ߣ
סС̫ûһϻų˾һȭ
̼䣬ͲǿȭƱͬʱܼ֣ͬһǳѹ䣬ʹ˴ȫ絾˰ɣɫɲǱò԰ײ١
㡭
ԶסΣͬʱݣΪһȭһླʿȻܺôֲһȭ㾳۷ɣѪڡ
ڣһ̸оʹңǷ·Ҫľʹ
һȭֻһͺǣ
㾳۷ǿߣȻֻǱɶѣûһ塣
˵
Ϊﵽ벽㾳ǿֻ壬Ҿһһε٣ǿѾޱȾˣһ̣԰벽㾳Ϊȫһȭȴǲû˵ˣЩԾ
㾳۷ǿߣҪ²١
ܼ˿죬оݣܿٴαñԲླΪԣȷʵܿ£ϳǲС
죬ٴζˣ໥䱸ˣһѹ졣
ңһΣת
ʱĹ۷弶ܺƵķ޵еڷˡ
ﬣ
ͻȻ̶Ľһ۷弶ѹĿ½âԶն֮ƴܼǰʹܼ˱ɫǲɵֹסŲƫͷŽâնķȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲԶݣԼС̫âնȥ
Ұһ˲նתǰ
ǰ㡭
쿴ˣһˡ
ҵˡЦ⣬Ϊ棬ڽനĸ׽ȡ߳޴ڵɫ±¶ºܵǵĽѰ죬ڴʱϵģƴϣϷҲһ֤İȫ
ԽдԻͽ壬۰ĺˣܸмܼѹ죬ȡȡɫ⣬Ȼͬ⡣
ϵҲҪƽĴؽңֻҪؽңûʲôɵǵˡΪڱ鲼ɱˣǿ֪ͨڣѾûлŵǿߴˡ
лǰ
л
֪ΪԽжȴɺܸлԷǾ䡰ƴϣϷҲһ֤İȫʵŲСķ
ףʲô˼
䵭𣬶棬ܼ濪ڵȻϵý棬еġסǽ
ͬһʱ䣬ڵ桢ͨŵ濴Ž棬ʱԴһʵı顣
ɨˣǺôҲǸڴеǿߣΪʱһ棬һСȡĶúѿ𣿡
ܼɫĮڽȻ⡣
֮ɵԣ
ڵ
ƽڽڮԻмȥ
ˣһˣ
վǰ۷弶ǿѹɢֱӳ۷壬طĲ񷶼Ϊ֮ŤǿܣʹĶܼ˸ɫһ
ƾһˣͼлסߣ𣿱ˣ
ܼǿӿ۷弶ѹɡ
ͬһʱ䣬ͨⷭӿ۷弶ѹ֣ȻҲ⣬ѹƵŽĿһƬĮ
ұ뽪ʵȴϼĸϱУ໥֮й߶ˣһǵˡ
䣡
˵Ŀͬʱڽ棬ԳȻҪһԽ涯֡
ҪǶ춯֣ʱȻǹͬİʯҪȡڵɫ⣬һȻȽ谭
ߣ㾳ѹøǿĮĶܼˡ
ǰһֱһĬĬĿţʱ򿪿ڣԽǰǰмͲǰˣԼ
Ļһ㶣˵ʲôܼĸ㾳۷ǿߣȻҪԼ֣
ܼ桢桢ͨҲǱ΢
ûпܼˣϴŵЦŽֿڣԺǰտɡ
˵ţԭϥ£ֱӽԼıԴС֮ǰеǾɼʬȡ
ʱ䣬طȴ챾ˡС̫⣬˽Ǳɫ
ȡ߿ʬǽǸоŨɵ
ʬ
涯ݡ
һʬǿǱҪֲǧĶ
ͷûж˵ʲôüķŹ⣬ֱӿһɿʬڡ
߿ʬڣ𶯻һʱʹüĻת߿ʬڵÿһ䣬ܿӦ߿ʬʹ߿ʬ˫Ŀ貵ľâŻɵǰոķ顣
ǰʱտ
Խ
漴һ̣ԦɿʬֱӶˣûκζĻһǿ絽ܼǰٶȿЩˣ·˲ƶһ㡣
ܼ˽ɫ䣬ΪԦɿʬչֳĿֲٶΪʬɢɵϢǵϢĲ
ûκԥҧͬʱˡ
Զңڣʲô
Կʬڴ
ңͬһʱ䣬Ԧʬٴζˣֱһȭ¡
ˣ
һ޴ĺһͨը˰㣬ʬֱۿȥͬһظľһȭ£ܵĿռȴ·˰㣬ܼ˵ƶ裬뱻ȭǣȥ
ʱ۵ģĵѪըЩޡ
Ĵ㾳۷ǿߣһȭͬʱ
ǡ
󷽣ۣ֪ɼǿµʬǳ£ͼɺһУʱ򣬵Ԧɿʬһȭĸ㾳۷ǿͬʱ飬̲ס¶ļ֮ɫ
ȻǿĽҲ𺳣ΪһĻ

ŭܼ٣ȴδɢǿâŸԵйǺ顣
Ԧɿʬʹÿʬݵ˫ͫ˵Ĺ⣬סܼ꣬һǿ˹ȥƶֱƬռ䣬˲Էǰ
ܼһʱһɿ־壺㡭
ԦɿʬһҲûУһѽܼץУ˫붯͵һԷ˺ķ顣


1460 
ܼƬƮڿУ׷ͬǹһ㣬ɢ
һʱ䣬Ĳ
桭ײУ
¡
Ȼǿ۷ĽҲһһȭĸ۷ǿߣͽֽܼ˺飬һĻʵǱЩ֣Ĳ
桢ͨؾ۳һ̸Ǵˡ
㡭
Ԧŵɿʬ˴˿̽һɾ㤵ĸо߿ʬֲ̫ˣû뵽쾹ôһɼǿߵ
ԦɿʬЦʬݵͫĹ⣬ԵЩˣ˵ĸо·һӵɱľ㣬ֱӳɱȥ
һ˲䣬Ԧɿʬ;ȫʬķ顣
˽ľܷͬһʱǿͨ
̼䣬¡¡ģԻɱҪһС
ߣ
ЦԦɿʬֱֱһȭϡ
һȭǳ򵥣ȴֲˣ˼߽ͨ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬µȭ˺ɣ㾳ǽԳѺۡ
򵥵һУѹУ
˸ĲǵͨȻһҲûУңֻԦɿʬȭȭನͲ㽫ǵ飬̫ںˡ
˵ɫúѿʱ򵥶һۣûκֱӿʼˣԼٶȴߡ
Ŀ˳Ԧɿʬ죬Ҳס
ӣ
Цɿʬдһٶȿ켫ǿɿʬڵſ񱩵ľֱӽܷ
˵ĽŲһͣձǵǰ·Ǳضϡ
ҲʱԦɿʬǰɺܼ򵥣һȭѹ¡
Ĳͬʱǿͨ˼ʶӭȥ
ֻǣɿʬһȭ˼ͨȻǿᣬȴվУֻɲǼǱķ飬ֻʣĲлԷ׷ƮڿС
ಣ
Ԧɿʬռ䣬һγǰ
ͷƤһٺˡ
ϧԦɿʬٶȿɱˣ̽һѽԷץס
㡭ס
ˣ
Ԧɿʬץס棬ֳһƣͬĥһ㡣
£۵һ޿ɱܣֱӱһƳķ飬Ψδ𣬼ѵĳԶȥ
촫Цһǿ˹ȥӭŶԷֱ꣬һȭ¡
һʱ䣬ѣͬһѹ䣬µ
־ֿ֣ס
ҽԦɿʬһȭ䣬ֱӽԷ顣
ܼ֮棬
˻
󷽣̲סһô̶̵Ƭ̼ѣԦɿʬɱ۷Ĳǿߣ
ǴЦܼ桢ͨɱҪȡɫ⣬ʱɱˣһĻ÷ǳ
С̫Ľջ˻Сצӣĸһ
ǰսлʣ½ڵͨŵ棬˵ɫͲôÿˣҲû뵽㾳۷ΪԶѹһླˣȻ
ڵ˶٣ɿʬ˵СѣԸ㣬ҵȲԣϷǸ£ôҹɺã
㵱ԲУ
촫Ц
⼸Ϊ˶ıѹɱڴ򲻹ǸԼŹԼɵӣ
Ԧɿʬһʮռ䣬ɲǼǳڽǰ
䶯ɼ򵥣һȭѹ䡣
־ŭ־壬һʮɴҴڻһ۷弶ӳһȭӭϡ
תۣײһ𣬽ʮɴȫ飬ǲµһȭķѡ
һϧˡ
оЩۣһļֵǿɲСôˡ
̾Ϣһ˲䣬һȭУԦɿʬ˽ǰһȭѹ¡
ˣ
µһȭ񷶼Ϊ֮Һ
޿ɱܣ޿ɵһȭķ飬ҪӶݣһץ˹ɼʬĿֱӸ˺֮ϡ
ת֮䣬ĸ㾳۷ǿɱʱֻʣͨһˡ
Ԧɿʬˣһǰȥ
Сѣ飡ϷԸֲֻҪͨеĶС㿪ڣϷһ˫ַϣ
ͨ淢˵ǰ㣬ɱط
ɱʲôҲûˡ
ô鷳ɱͨۻһУԼȥȡ
ɿʬд
ͨԣĸ㡭ͨţͨɼɱпµ֮κǰһȴһʬǼԦɿʬ룬ͨžԵס
ǾͿͨŵĵͽʲô̬ˣǻһұеı񱦣Ҷ죬ǣͨžͻٵˡʵʵģҲܺ˵ֻȡͨۻĸԴɡ

䣬Ԧɿʬٶͽֻһ˲ǾͿ絽ͨǰ
㣬ס
ˣ
ȭɼһУǽͨķ飬һѽԷץУֱѹķ顣
ˣܼ桢桢ͨ棬Ĵ㾳ǿߣȫ
⡭
վڴ󷽿һУͫʾҵ˸
Ԧɿʬתۼɱĸ㾳۷ǿߣ̫ˡ
ĴЦɼʬ֮£ǿԺˡ
Ԧʬǵֲ̫ˣ֮£ǿԼ򵥺ɨ
սУԦɿʬأһǿ絽Լǰӿʬڿ»صԼڣվɿʬ뱾ԴС硣
Լ

ɿʬǳǿᣬУȴһЩѹ֣ôܡ
˵ţ򽪼棬ٴεлЦǰ
ҡͷЦɱлϷʲôæҲûϡ
ӽ߳طѰ죬Ѿ°ҲҪܼл죬찲ȻĴؽңȴû뵽쾹ȻһɼʬƬ̼ǼĽĴǿĨɱ𺳣ͬʱһθУԼЩˡ
ǰȻû֣⣬յˣԣҪлġ
Ц
֣Сʱûʲô˰ɣϷؽҰɣǵ㵣ĵĺܡ


1461 ѹĴ󴫳
ŽĻ˶٣Цʱе£ǰлɣ䲻õǣ׼ȥС£ȥĸһˡ
΢㶣漴ǻȻΪ֮ǰڻɱͨʱ˵ԺȥͨһˣȡͨŵĵԴ֮Ϊͨ湥ɱԼֲȻҪȥͨţôȻҲͻȥڡܼҺҡ
£ͷǺãϷͲСһͬǰˣСʬĸУǵסСѡ
ʬǿֲģԺ֮һУȻںͨǼɼɱҲѿԵסʬο֮ǰӽе֪챾һˣȥĸУȻ¡
С˺󣬱ֱҰɣϷ򱸺þСѡ
Цŵͷ漴ˣԶȥ
쿴Ž뿪ֱԷʧҰ֮УǿС̫߰ɣȥĸ͡
ĸжȫ٣үڴ
˫ĿŹ⡣
£һڿն𣬲Զȥ
ܿ죬гλúԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ŹϣͨšڡĹܼҺͻĹҵһڴڵڵĻƣϨˡ
ڣˣ
ȥ׷ѰѹǸȡɫˣѵ˸
ô᣿
ڿǴ㾳۷尡ˣ㾳𣿣ôɱڣ
⣬⡭
Ĵ󴫳УԵĴǽǾֻҡ

С̫һ𣬲ǰʱ뿪֮ǰնɱ˵λøԶѾԽʮɽ
漴ֹȥʱĹܼ֮⣬ûʲô˵ģֱӴ롣
ǵѾˣʶģʵʵķֻֿȡ̱ǸҼԽ򷴿ֱһ壡
ݺݵķ
ͬʱһʶӻȻԦɿʬնܼ桢桢ͨĻ棬ܼ¸ɫ־塣
ֱӣɿʬȡУƳһƴɵʹܼ̼䱻һѹֵϢУ˽Դ
ҡǲֵܼҼԸ⽻̱
ܼս̫ϳϸ֮ǰͱܼǿ˱ǲڵˣΪԦɿʬ쿹⣿㽫ԼһɱںϣҲκε죬ǿзܼҲ˶ֱӻһ㶼Լͻֱܼҡ
ǵѡ񡣡
촫
ܼ񵲲С̫Уܿ콫ܼомֵĶȫȡߣһ׶ǧڽ龧걦Ҳ٣һЩϡıҩͨȣļֵ
Ϊ֮ΪԼĴкǿ󣬾ͿԵ޹ʵȥˣʱ򣬿ܻǲˡ

ɨܼҼˣС̫ܼ߳ҡ
ܼҼɫ԰ףԼһĴһڵ̱뿪ޱܣڵѪȻȴֻҧĬĬܣֱ졢С̫ʧҰ֮У˷ʵŭ
졢С̫ʱѾ뿪ܼҺԶԼܹܼڴŭȴû⣬ֱӳڶȥ
⼸ͨǣ֮ȻʲôܣѾ֪
漴ú߹ͨţ߹ڣֱӼԦɿʬ룬ɱͨ˵ʶӻĴﲻκηԵĵЩۻıԴȣһȡߡ
һĹҡ
ŨһǷǳʮ鲼ŵƣһգǣһɱ˵ʶӻ뵽˿ֻУһ˽巢
־ģȻһʥ˹촳룬ɫһƬҰס֮ǰȥɱ죬Ҳû뵽ôֲƿһɼǿߵʬ㾳۷ǿ߶ɱֱ֮޵С
ȥɱˣȻôֲˣԶԶеĿ¡
ʱ죬ֶЩˣ֣֣ҡ
Ӵαּˡ
̣⡰αȻ˹ȡôºţú˹䡣
ú˵ʲôÿԷһ̧ۣ־һâն
۵һ˹ը
һȥɱҶ룬ǲ᲻֪ն˹ıû˿仯ҼһڴϲԿһȥɱңһȻøۣڣбҵͷߣһûޱĽ֣ǵĽ֡
ҼһԴġʨӴ󿪿ڡŭӣǣȴסˣڿġնɱˡʶӻۼȡɿʬǺҲסԦɿʬ죬Ȼȫ߶ɱ󷴿ҲûУ˲졣
ǰ֮󣬾Ի³ô޾µļ壬Ҳͬޱ㱻һߣǶܲ
ǲԼļ屻ͨϳĨ
ǡ
һĵһ̫ϳҧ
ܺá

ԼС̫Զ֣һԴȫѳ𣬶ʲôҲû˵ĮɨҼˣ漴ֱ뿪ңתۼгȥԶ

ڣʺʹŭ쳹ʡ

졢С̫뿪ңܿǰӹȥ
Ӻһ뿪֮ԶԵЩ˷ܡ
׬ˣ
˫ۺ
߹ĹܼҡڡͨźͻĹңܹõʮǧڽ龧걦ɵҩȸǶ಻ʤ
֣ɳһΪܼҵ׶һΪҵƻӡϵӡĨֱС̫
⼸һЩɵҩмֵǲ֣ۻӦֱӿ뵽ླΣѰط
˵
УүҲô룡
˫۸
ͷܿڸҵһεĵطһ¾ط󣬶ԻĹܼҵĸȡ߼ֵһЩɵҩȡ¶񵤡̫嵤ͱȣһһ֣С̫ûʲôãǣȡЩɵҩȴ٣ɣʹС̫Դﵽླ硣


1462 ԪΣ
һ¾ط콫ȡ¶񵤵ɵҩָС̫Ϊǻ
С
ͷд˷֮⡣
£С̫ʼµ౦ҩ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ֲͬĹط֯С̫ľԷɿ
ˣת۱ǰ¹ȥ
ºǿ쫷طС̫ڽв༶ѹɢӡ
ླڿȥˣ
˫ۣͺ
һ̣оı仯ʶȽǱǿ࣬Уı仯ԣоԼʱһٲĸоƥУ˷ܺͼ֮⡣
ǲླ𲻻
˫Ŀ
ȹ¾硣

ͷطתԼĹžʼȹ̲ླΪ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ˣʼླΪ
ˣܿչȥ
һ죬С̫˫ۣླΪȫȹ̡
ˬ
ȻЦ
С̫ĽɵԱߡ
Ц£С̫Ǻﵽͬһ󾳽ˡ
߰ɡ
˵
£ԼС̫뿪ط
漴Լ֮֮߳ǰλúԶԽʮɽ
ȥģ
ʵ
ȥ䡭
쿪ڣ漴һ̶ݣһɺĳȥ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫Ҳͻأļ£Ҳ񷡣
ǣ
ͫһɫ
鷳ˡ
Щͳ
ȥϲ֪ʲôʱһӰΪһߣһϮۣĮĸһˣȻǵǿ½Ǹֲߡ
Էһսìᴩ޷ʱ΢ͲһѣȻطȥȻΪ׷ѰǶ
ܣ

ûʲô˵ģɫڣС̫ɿԶȥ
ǿ󣬱ڰ벽㾳һɼʬɺɨ֮κˣС̫Ҳǿ˲ླսӿֲɴ˿ߣȴ֪һζˡ
ԷĿֲǿʱͼʶһ˿ȻɼǿˣҲǶ֡
ವһֻһ˲ѣС̫Զƶռ俦Ťطֱӱ顣
ϣᣬ͵ǹ½ʱһǷǳɱһ߸ʬһ㣬ɢϢȴǳˡ
һˣĿֻϣһƵڷ磬˲һǰԪȫù
Įͬ鲣Ħ̵˶Ĥһʹ
ң˵ȻʱǾֱ֣̽ץȥ
ֻתۼ䣬䵽ͷѹʮռ䡣
һɿֲء
ҧ޿ɱܣתǿʵӳꪡ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫һ֣дɫƺƵһȭźѹĴӭϡ
䣡
һ޽Ժǿ󣬴˿Ҳȫڳ֣ǳˡ
ȻȴɸǿֲѹµĴֲ˿ֻǴ֮һУһ޼ȫ飬һɿֲ쫷硣
飡
飡
飡
졢С̫ͬʱɣѪѪ
ϲģ͵ȣǰɱ񣬿ȥֻǿָжѣ
Ĳ
ߣ㤡
ҧߡ
кͺ濹뷨תϵھصǲС̫һߣٶȱ֮ǰ죬һαԶ
ĮԶȥһǰ
֮ͬǰһ㣬ֱ֣̽ٴγץȥңͬһʱ䣬΢ڳֱӽط׷ϵÿһ䡣
ˣ
ַŹ⣬֣ȸղſֲǿѹ¡
գ̼䱻ֱ
ӭһƣ졢С̫һһ̽ԺǽӲһƣǿȥײ㲻Ҳñϡ
һɿȡһ̨ΪһڳԶĴ̨֮ǰĸá
עʹ̨⣬ĻС̫ವһںߵĴӡѹǰһ˲䣬ֱʧںߵʶȦڡ
ߵĴ˸ղĵطĹֱմأԲǧڵأȫ١
ӣĮ̧ͷŲȥ

ǿУ֯Щ谵
˵һһĻ졢С̫ӰǿС
·һž޴ǳȻͨǡ
ߣ

ͨڼֱ̨ѡƶǿУǿպ嫸ӣǿдУ˦ߵļͨҪϲ١
˵ţС̫ŵھصǲһԶһ۱ǳȥԶ
뿪һ˲䣬ǿ΢⽻֯ߴͨڿĿĮȻĶһԶȥķ
漴ӣһһӰǿڵĿռ䶼Ťֲˡ

С̫ǿ֮У԰벽㾳Ϊ߶ǰٶȣһǿдУңʶļԼıԴϢҲС̫ԴϢϢһ𣬷ٹɣǿٸͬķȥ
֪߱ض׷ǿУԴź߶ǵĸ֪
СӣͷԲ˵ٹǵϢɢȥӦǸϲĻ壬Ѱǰɡ
ϣá
ٶȴ߶ĸ졣
漴һʱʱתۼǹȥǿгȥ˼Զľ롣
û׷˦ˡ
ȥûмߵӰʱ΢΢һ
ûзٶάֵĺܿ죬ŸԶĵطжȥ󣬼һ˲䣬һɺһ߷ɿĴǿգһ߳ȥ
ԶߵӰ֣ĮһűԣȻ֮ǰٹɴȥһ˵ıԴϢȻȫԷץȡС
ȻַڶԷûʲôãûʵԵĸЧ
ϲģ
ĥͬʱоЩͷƤ飬Ϊ׷ĺĺֲܿ
ɫأǿٶȣɿԶȥ
С̫Уĺ߼һǿͨԸŶԷ׷
ϧȴûʲôãĮӭСֱ̫ͨС


1463 
̫ˣɱĲӣһ߸ʬȴޱȵĺˡ
Į·ǿؼС
Сӣܣٷɿ㣡
ͷƤ
쳯ɨȥɫȻôÿǲתԵǰΪԴ߶ļ޲ΣǿкƵһƬɫ׺Ӷݡ
ȻȴǸ˦ߣԷǿϣֻ˲ͱƵǰ֣̽գ֡
졢С̫Ǽðķռڴ˿ֱӱˣԶֳֻֻѹ¡
үŸտ벻ླ벻ѾԶҪʬˣ
ˡ
С̫Բ˫ۣǽɫڣҪַȻȴãԷ̫ǿᣬޱ޼ʣҲѲ
¡¡ģԷĴת۱Ƶǰ
ˣ
ͻȻڸǿڵĿռƬͬˮһ㷭һޱȾ˵ǳӿһǳϯš
һ̣ӿǳڣһͷ鲼ɫۼ׵޸ӴЩ֣Ҫǳˣһ˫ɭɭģЩˡ
𣡡
ƺһֱط˯˿̱˳ѣԵЩŭֱӷһµ˻ʵʵĲۣ̼ƬƬǿձݡ
һѹµĴ𿪣ʹϵıŵĿռֱӻָԭ״Զˡ
ವģ졢С̫ȫһǧԶ³һ
ղţֻһͱѹµĴָˡ
ǡޣ
Ӵޡ
Ӧþˡ

żмأǿպ嫣鲼Σзǳµһֱޡ
ԷΪ޵һ֣ǿڣǿձԴΪʳǿƥһͷ׺ɱ㾳Ĳڡ
𣡡
ӴĺˣٴηһϢ
޴ӶһУſһ쫷ϯһںڶ㣬ǿձԴȫɣĺߣֻһɲǼǱ븹С
ۣЦùߵϲð
Ҳһ㶣ǸֲĺߣȻͷֱӸˣ
ľˣ̵ߣƶǧϣĿɭɭ
𣡡
ַһǿձݣǿеǿձԴпµֱ֣ϣʹ뱻оȥ
һ̣ͷӴһҽϵǹɿµգʧ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬޸ըߴпȾ˿˿ƵѪ
һĻ졢С̫ɵöһ£̵ĺȫ£Ȼ鿪ǿֲ޵ţƽصĴӶԷ˳
޸˺ѣѪˮͬСһǿʣǿз
ܺܿйǿձԴӿʹ̼Ȭ
ٷɳСĺߣŭһſѪڣɭɭ¶ֱӳźɶȥ
һΣ֮ǰֱӽ븹УҪɭɭֱӽԷ˺ѳĭȻʳ
ֻתۼ䣬ſѪڣ䵽߽ǰɭˡ
ĿĮֻϣûпѪɶĿޣֻ΢΢ɱֱۣһڹ⽻ֳ֯˦ȥ
ڹԵЩɭ䣬ɶµѪû룬뵽Էڡ
޴󷢳ĲҺӴֱըǿڡ
ĿɺѪˮ䣬طһƬǿնȾѪɫ
ǧ⿴һĻɵ붶һ¡
ңңҡ
£Ӳûɳ
С̫ëըĴ˸
Ҳļ£ͷƤЩ顣
ǿһͷްֲޱȣǿյΣ֮һȴȻô׵ľͱ߸ˡ
СӣϽܣ
ֲ̫ˣǵʹһ㣬
Ҫѣֱ٣С̫Ӷݡ
ʱôһֲĴڣǳ֮⣬ûκΰ취
ವһֻ̼ѣС̫ǿжݳȥԶ
߻ԡ֮ѪʼĮżٶߵ죬ֻһǿ޾룬ϢʮٴνܵĿռ
ȥ
˽Աɫܵ·һ̱ضϣֻź߱ƽ
ҧһ֣ǰ½ȡöȡĺߣ𶯣ֱӻ
ƴСɫϿӡһʮĿġԪ֣֪Ǻ߿еԪȻ֪ʲôãȴĳ߶öǳ⣬Ի˼ٵ
ʵϣĲ²ǳ׼ȷȷʵöޱ⣬㿪ڣŲһ١
ȴֻһ˲ѣһ̣ٴζˣиµϢɢٴѹ£ſµֱӸ졣
ƾ㣬Ҳܻٵ
ߵĴ̼ѹ䵽ͷ
ĺ⣬˲
⡭Ҫˣ

ɫѿźߵĴ̽޷ˣʲôҲˣֻǻԵĴѹ䡣
ˣ
ͻȻеĹ΢΢⣬һƵɫ⻪ͬˮһ㡣
һѹµĴֱ߱˸Ǳĵŵŵɵĺ˳ȥʮԶ
һ˲ѣܵջָֿԶˡ
ˣ
У֯ɫâͣܺ嫡
⡭
춯ݡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣС̫Ҳ¶ɫ
ǿ½ϵõöоȴ޹޷߶ôעãʱźߵĴѹȻԼˣ˵ɫâ˺ߵĴ֡
ˣ
֯ɫâ·һ㡣
ԶסΣߣеĹзɿһĨâ
ವһһǿ˹ץеĹù
һʶԹԷȥ
飡
һ죬ֱӺɣңһѪˮǿС
ʹһС̫Ҳǵۣûиоö֯ɫâпµϢǣȴȻ׵ĻǺߡ
ԶٴסΣؿڴѪˮ䣬ǸսìᴩĵطʱȻΪԭﻹδȫֱָˡ
ϣ
죬̹ǣйӿһαƵǰ̧ץеĹͬʱɱ⸡ֶնȥ


1464 Ǳĺ
ɱܼÿһޱȿֲһУߵĴָǿ£ѹʮǿգһյĿռڣеĹץȥ
һʱоǱĴס˺㣬ޱܡ
ҧ޿ˣ޿ɱܣɨеɫֻܽһϣöϣöǰȥ
ˣ
⽻֯ɫâŹȭǰɫâͬˮһ㵴
һʱ䣬͵ģնɱ̼䱻ȫ漴ɫâ̽Ĵײһ𣬵ĺٴκɡңںɳȥĹУɫâײֻ۵һըѪˮǿС
ʱ𺳣С̫ǵɴ˫ۣźǱķɣˢˢĽĿⶼڰƴСɫϣľݡ
Щֲ
һ
Ǹжô£Ѿʶˣֲ޶׻ɱȴǱɢâɫΣʱĵθ˶ԷһֱۣһĻĻʹʵЩĲ
С̫Ҳǲɵö£漴ɫ˫۱
쿴еĹЩ˸ⶫȷʵЩֲ
䣡
ԶһǿܣסΣֱ۶Ŀޱɭһ㶢졣
һ̣һ絽ǰ̽֯һƵĹ⣬һѹʮռ䣬ץеĹ
ϢЩ£ǿе¶ͻأ½ʮȣЩˡ
ȻܸоϢˣȴ֮ǰ侲ˣֱӳֹӭϡ
飡
ɢɫâоʲôֲĻϢȴ·ĿѹһУһν߸ĺɳȥɳȥԶסΡ
ؿڴŵѪĿʺ죬ɭɭģĶ졣
ǲĿɢŵɫâĹؿѪĺߣһ˲󣬵¶һĨЦϼһҪˡ
£ˣһɾ룬̼ںǰ
ˣ
Źȭɢɫâȭˣؿڡ
񣬹⣬ĴֲĺߣԿ϶öǳ£ѹƶԷȻ𹥻ʱöɢɫâĹԷ
ΪԷѾʵǳ£ǲùҶԷʵԶûлָ۷ʱԷԻǸ޴вһȵԷʵָʱȻٴη⣬ҲܵסԷˡ
ˣ
ȭ£ȭ˵ɫâӿ̼ںؿڡ
һߵɣؿڴѪҺ
С̫ڲԶһĻǶݣ쾹Ȼź߷˹
ǵ˼άǺһ̱Ƕ֪ʱʲô
Ū

ߣһ޴鷳óʱ򽫶ԷС
ǰؿѪӱøɭĶ죺ϣ
ĸס
Цɫٴαƽһȭ¡
𶯳һƵڹ⣬ӭһȭȴãɢɫâȭˣﲻ飬ﲻֱӴ͸߼һǿʢڹ⣬ȵؿڣһٴνҵĺԶ
ؿڴѪˮˣ׷ĵǿϣԵôĿġ
ৣ
ƿصŹȺסΣһ絽ԷǰûκζĻֱӾһȭѹ䣬ڶԷؿڡ
߷һƺߣٴκɣؿڴױѪˮȾ졣
Сӣǹڵģȭȭϲδؿڴ
ĵ
ǰҷɺߺûаͣԼٴοԷǰ
ˣ
ŹȭɫâƵһȭâ
һʱ䣬ںǰȭâһһںϣҶںδؿڴλá
գ۵һߵؿըѪģ¶һǰ͸Ѫ˴룬һѪˮ䣬ȥͷƤ䡣
ϲǸսìᴩµˣ룬ֱûָܹ
Զ£С̫Ҳǵ˵ۣȻǱһĻһ£Ǹսìίʵǽ˵ЩأĿһ
һĻҲжݣܿͻָƽûκԥٴγŹȭźըؿһȭһȭĺ
飡
飡
飡
ÿһȭںؿڴѪˮɽʹöԷѿࡣ
ˣ
ߵͺһɰӿ𿪡
ֻוּһһսìֶ߳ߣϱ鲼Ѻۣ·һͻ飬ȴɢһƥɱϢܹᴩһС
쵱ͫһݣսìȻǵãǵ½ĹᴩߵǸ˱ǳ£룬߽֮ȡС
Ȼһ˷ǳµıɱˣԶԶķ롣
ͬһʱ䣬ԶС̫ҲǱɫź߻սìǲɵĲһ¡
ﬣ
̶ǿգһס鲼Ѻ۵սìֱӳȥ
ɭ䣬ֻǳսìһ򵥵Ĺ̶ȴطǿնΪ֮һطֱŤˣƺһ̾Ҫ̮
ڵһʱо˱ֲɱ֮⣬½һɾҵʹͬʶе궼Ĳ
ʱȴû˿˱ܣΪ˱ܸκãֱҧŹٴӭϣԹɢɫâӶȭ
໣

ǿһȭӰԻɻӰʣ֮תۼߴ̹սìײһ𣬱ĳԡ
һһ𣬵ŵŵɵĺˣŹֱ΢΢Щ飬ΪսìǵɱϢӰ죬ӾҵʹС
棬߱ӲϹӶĻȭ֮£ɳȥǧԶؿڴиѪˮսì΢΢Щ
ȻһεײǳɫϷ
ǸսìҲı䲻ڵơ
Ц
߳ŵǸսìǳ£Զ׼ǣеĹ£ǱƷףԶԶսì֮ϡ
źߣʱǳʹȴ⣬һѹϣɢɫâĹһǻȭֲȭƺƵϰ˻ġ
һ𣬳ű鲼Ѻ۵սìӭϣìᴩһС
תۼ䣬ٴײһ
飡
ߺɣؿڴѵĸֱӿȳһھѪ֮ǰǱ


1465 Ӷ
ѪˮƮǿУߺɣؿڴѪը٣Ŀġ
ҲǺݺݵһѪֱѪ

ҧһǿ˹ȥɢɫĹߡ
˵һɢɫĹʩչȭǿնҡ
סΣӱޱȣŴƺ⣬սìɨƬɱڹ⡣
תײһϵǿձֱѿˣš
飡
飡
죬ͺ뵹ɡ
ҧתȻչеġ
ʱ¡¡ģⷽռ̼併ɫ磬Ӿ䣬ԲɷΧڵĿռȫУͺͬʱ֡
һͨУɫĵط˲Ϣﵽʱ΢̼һɫԡ
ˣ
ٶȼ죬λõһ˲ٴʩչȭɫ֮һ۶Ϲɢɫâһߡ
⧲ֱӱһȭУͬһ㳯Զɡ
Ѫˮ׷ƮǿС
쿴źɵĺߣڶԷɳǵķΧʱһֳ̼ͨںһǻȭڶԷϡ
ȣ
ѪٴǱɡ
Ⲣû꣬ƬռٶƬռڿ쵽㣬ƶĹз·ҪķκһƵʱ䣬ֻתۼֳںڶԷסεʱһȭ
漴첻ϴڣſռڵƶһȭһȭںϣһƬƬѪˮĺǱ
飡
ߴͺڹⷭ飬ʹɫ̼ʧӰ١
ﬣ
еսìڹ⽻ֱ֯ĳüĹᴩȥããǿա
ǲһһӰܿսìì棬һȭֺԷؿڡ
ĿɭȻսìأһȭֻצץͷ­
ɿˣܿһ󣬳ɢɫâĹٴλӳȭݻӰӰϡ
߳սìɱˣȻȴסԹ߶Ļȭһһκʮɡ
ϣ
죬ɭ̹ǣؿڴƱøӶˣѪˮͣʡ
Цڱһδɣϣʲôʺ
һڹø࣬սìһһֱȥ
Ӷ죬ǶеɫȻöޱ⡣
Ǳˣ㣡
Ц
һڶԷսìܣɫΪٴλȭ
ˣ
ɫ֮ϻȭ֮ںϣǿնΪ֮ҡ
ȭˣ
һʱ䣬ײһ𣬱ԡ
漴֮Уٴײâսìڹһδγ
䣡
һиŨڹͽȻһʼʱ˼֣ʹһһ
ǿд߶Դܣҿ֧Ŷã
ʱ򣬺ɢϢʼʱҪһЩȴη壬˶Էǿд߶Դܣ״̬̫ܳʱ䡣
ɢɫâĹٴӭϡ
䣡
֮䣬ͬײһطǿպ¡¡졣
ǿд߶ԴܣʱǿܹסеĹɢɫˣսìһδκԹĻۻײǿմ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĺ쳹ʮ̵ǿձһһı˺顣
ԶС̫ͺ棬Ϊǵƻ
һ˿֮ɫС̫СһҲһϣǵǰȻԻϻСӴսĹУһ̶ȵĸţȴûκ⡣
С̫ԣ絷һĵͷȻǳͬ
ˣ
һɫͬ𣬺ƺƵѹߡ
ȻЦֱӳԲ༶Ϊʩչ֮ӿ
ֲһںϣתѹսһսݱĺߵĺ󱳣ĺߵһûһͷˤǿϡ
棡
ͬǵһ㺧ˣƫͷС̫ߵͨϣȻû˵ȴֱӸĹࡣ
ϻһսڿģ
৵һαƵǰɫֱӾһȭ򦡣
飡
ߺɣݲ㱻顣
쿴С̫ĴָɵƯ
䣬һһӰֱӳźɶĺ׷ȥԹ߶콣˲ն콣â
ﬣ
âת۱Ƶ߽ǰ
ߺսìɨƬڹ⣬ӭ콣⣬ֱӷȫ漴һڹ⣬üġ
޾壬ֹȭ⣬ǿд߷һ˿Դܵĺ߼սһԵϢˡ
ʱƬâϢĳСֶ̫֣ѹϢ֣ҽʱķǳҲܵ꣬ͨںϡ
һһ

ƫͷС̫Ҫһжᴩ
ʲôУƢҧү
š
ߴ޾£ǿƥƣһȥֲɱҪ㡣
ߣ
ЦӰںС̫Ժ߽иƺΪĹɱȻܺõİסʱ򣬻ȭâȸۺһֱһȭںߺ󱳡
ȣ
ߺɣѪˮ
粽ϣץסݺݹԹ֯ɫâʩչȭƥȭâһһڶԷϡ
ߵͺսìڹ⣬ȭѳ졣
ĹƲŸոС̫ͨɱ˹ǻĺ󱳣ʹһ
ˣ
С̫˫Ŀɱⱬ䡣
ôһ˲䣬ץסᣬ˲Ϣƽһȭݺؿڡ
һٴκɣؿڴƱøأѪˮͣڰסΡ
һͺڹøӿ£һǿд߶Դܣһɺơ
һ̣ɿݵ͵һһȳھѪǹɺ˵ͬǳˮһɢɢϢʱҪ
ڣǳսìڲͣķ·Щղˡ
ǿд߶ıԴܣĹˣ
Ц
ѪؿҲѪȴޱɭɱŨˡ
৵һ˲Ϣǰ˻Ҷɱ⣡
˵ţͬһʱȭ磬ֱںϡ
飡
ߺɣڿѪеսìֶ
ɢɫâǱɱȥٴλȭѹ¡
߳սì൲̼ǱҵĺɣƬѪˮؿڴ


ϣɢɫâĹΪ֮Դȭһȭһȭںϣһһ
䣡
߻ȾѪһƬڹ⣬ȭѳȥԶսìֲĸϵϢ˥䵽͹ȡ
Ԫʱ㱣ܣػ۷壬ȡһУ
죬ɢɫâĹɭˣ̹ǣ漴ֱӺˣһԶ


1466 
ٶȺܿ죬ٺսһαǼԶԶλóȥ
ܣҴ㣡
ԸŹʱɱߵľѻᣬɫâʩչǲСֱ̫׷ȥźԶһâ˦
וּһȽâԹɫâǿЩˡ
ۣ
ⴴȽ˵ؿڴᴩ㽫䱾ͲȫֱӸѪˮĽ
ͷɭĿ죬ɶݣԼ˿ѾʺϺͳСɫԪս
ˣ񻹸ôţ
Ц
ɫջӶȭһҵȭâ
͵һԹɢɫâ߶ȭȭâǿˣѹһǿձݣֱںߵĺϡ
һߺɣ³һھѪؿڴѪˮࡣ
ңϸֳһѺۣ˵ؿڴӡ
ϣ
죬ɭˣȴûͣ£Զɶݡ
ĸף
챬ֿڣɫɢӳһڵС̫ǿ׷ɱߣȭâһδڶԷϣһδλ˶Է
תۼ䣬ʱȥϵϢøˣٶҲ˲٣һαɢɫâĹɺͽ˺һǿմѷ죬һУ̼ʧ졢С̫ҰС
ǿͨϻȰҪ״̬˻˺ǿͨƶ
һ
ģҲɼϵ˺ѳǿͨƶѡǰڷɿպϵǿͨһҧ׷
֪˺ѿǿͨ׷ʲôطȥȴĲŹɱԷĻᣬһȵԷƾǽޱΣա
ಣ
ɫâʩչǲС̫ں˺ѿǿͨպǰһ˲У˲Ϣͬ߰ʧԭء
Ұ̼һƬڣռת쳣ܣҲ֪˶ʱ䣬ռ𶯣һǰ¸ڵ

һ΢
ȥĿһƬޱȻֺĴ磬Ρɽһһư磬ͨƬ绹Ҫ׳еޱȻ
ǿˣʲôط
ۡ
ҲǶݣһ̱ƫͷ򶫷λãǸطһӰڷɿĳԶٶȿ켫һ۱֮Զ
׷
Сֱ̫׷ȥ
ӰΪǸߡ
ಣ
ΪɢɫâԪʹ֧ţٶȼ죬̼׷Ԫʹֱӻȭһȭںϣ߻ɳȥǧԶһĴɽкĴɽѹķѡ
ߵͺ𣬻һڹɭɭĿһۣɶݡ
ﬣ
Ľڶɿ֣ɢɫâĹӶ콣ſɻɱǿߵͬնǰĺߡ
УƬâкߣĺٴκɣһЩâǳʾͷʧԶա
ಣ
ƿ֮صߵϢˣסκٴγԶɶݡ
󣬿һͽ˺ѿһ޴ֱʧ
ߣŹ׷ϡ
һ˲䣬ȴֹסŲͣ
ôСӣ׷ʱɵҪȻԺǸ鷳
ͣ£ߴٵ
֪ûٶֱǰʱ˺ѿպʧֿڣϧڲ׷ˡ
˵ţɿö֣ʱ򣬹ð֮ǰɢ޼᲻ݵɫâȥ
ۣ㶵ĿаƴĹ⡭治׷ˡ
߸Ī⣬δս۷ʱ֮һҲɺֲܹ֮ܿѹŶԷȫΪöͻȻǵɫâԭ򣬷ĻڶԷˡʱöɫâʧȥﻹܼȥ׷
öûɢǵɫâʱȥ׷ߣȫ
ϻղܵĿ죬˺գۼʧûܷö±óȫñɵ
ӡ
ͷͬʱЩʧеĹϧˣûɢʧǰԷǸǳ׵׵ôԺ쾧ɵɵûܹöԷδԼɫʱԷԺ˵вܴ
ȷʵܿϧͷԴͬС漴Ŀеöϣиһ貹ö治һ㣡ɢɫԣûиоʲôµϢȴƺ߽һС
½ȡöʱǾ;ⶫͬѰǸʱָоֻǴʱĺ߶ö̬ȶõó֪岻ѰʲôطΪȫ޷߶֪ʲô
ź³ѹöƴСĹɢɫԣȻʹòླѹƿֲĺߣֱ۵˽⵽öĿ̫֮Ƿˣżͷ
˽ʲôţˣԪ쿴еĹԪһڱʲôֱ˽⵽öķǱѰȴǲ֪öʲôһڱָоЩ̫
֪ҡͷԽʹǿ϶ġ˵ţֿڣ߶ԣܻܲǵɫԣ
ͷͬǰ㳯Ź
󣬽ֺһӿ룬һҲûκηӦûһ˿ĸղɫ
ݸС̫һȥ߶ϧȻ޹
⣬ΪܵߵǿӰ죬ɱһ˿
ô²⡣
룬ֻԭˡ
û˵ʲôеĹСĽ֮ڡ
ʱ򣬺߶ʧܹɢѾ䣬ҲûʲôɵǵˣС̫Ƭ硣
˵ܵˣƬ磬ȥƺܲһ㡣
ʱ򣬵λƬ磬ĿĴɽǺΰΡ룬еҲǷǳˣԶԶǿ֮ǰȥͨǡ
Ƭ磬ȻҲǿ˴˿ƬķǷ׳ޱȡ
Ҹʿ
ô˵
£뿪ԭأúʿòѯʣ֪ںδ
ǣˣ
춯ݡ


1467 
ǿպ嫣ԡΪλǿ徿жƬ򣬶еǳ޾Ǳ޾ǳҫ۵ǿš
ΪĵǣųںǿĵһǳҲǿ޴һǳΪΪǡ
ˣǧڣĵһۻǡ
Ȼܵˡ
ЩԾ
ܹõһż֪ǱżڼǿǰһǳܹǺͨǶУͬʱҲڴУǳԻͣųӵǣλǿյڶǿǡ
ǣһۻǣ˵пǴ˺ϵǿˣ
ۡ
콫ϵõĹǳǱżʮҲȻҲ֪ǡĴڣЩżУҲԣȻҲ֪֪ǿ֮ϻд˵иΪ嫵硣
˵ţʵ˵Ҫ˺ѿϽ򣬵ʲôΪ
ͲżûȷҲϵΪɡ

һƬ磬һʱ䵹ǳĬ

з紵ڿУԶһƬƬҶһֺζ
һۣƬ磬ʮȥ
˵Сӣڸ
ʵ
첢ûж룬ǵǣǿеĵһۻǣɱͨҪ޴͹ǧǿѵһǣȻǾʱŹȫ뵽㾳ȥ
үһȻүҪɾ㡣
ȥ̽һ£Ƭ磬ʲôطʺ

£뿪ططȥúһϡ
ʿܶ࣬ڳͬһȥ
ƬĮһ򣿣һЩ㾳ǿ߶ˣ
Цİɣ
ҼǵãǸطһֱǴݲôһƬ㾳ǿ߶ĳ򣿣
ʿۡ
졢С̫ոеطȻЩ⡣
֪ģγɵȻռ䣬Գһ磬̵Զ磬һмĵرһ֣ʿǰ
Ѱüռ䣬Уõ˲ٵĺô㾳Ĳǿ߶ȴǵһ˵
㾳ǿ߶ˣ⡭
㾳ǿ߶ǷӦ÷ǳˣڵǺѱ˷֣ҾǱˣڵȻҲӦ÷ǳ̣һ㾳ǿ߾ƲŶԣǡ˭ֵƬȻ֮ƿģ
˵֮ǰмֲܿɫâʻƬĮĴƬռ䣬Ƿ˳
ֻɫâƬռ䣬û˭ģ

һȺʿۣһһ߳ͬһȥܿгԶ
ȻǷڵλãǾ;Ǹϡ
졢С̫һȺ˵ۣʱһ΢΢㶡
죬ſڣСӣǼʻɫâ
Ҳǲɵſڣ񡭡ȥġ
֮ǰɢɫâԪʹ׷ɱ߽Ƭ磬Ƭâɫд󲿷ֻ˺ߣһǳԶգȥķ򣬺ȻЩʿ˿нķһģһ
ȻЩʿᵽġɫâ֮ǰ׷ɱʱԪʹδкߵǲֽ⡣
⻹ǡɲ顣
ۡ
ɢɫâԪʹɱߣ©ȥļâȻնһ㾳ǿ߶Ծĳ
ҲЩпܿǾƽĿطһʿнȥķ򣬵߰ɣҲȥ
㾳ǿ߶һǴʲô˲õı׼ƬԣʱȥƬȻǸǳõѡ
£һѭطһʿǰеķȥԼʱһĮ⡣
ȥĮȴưܵĲӣǹ֣һƵɳƮڿУǸոձʲôֲնһ㣬Įǳ׵ķѣϿһʮɿմѷ죬ųȺʿӸͬķĮĮеմѷڡ
ǲƵĻĮմѷ죬ǲԪϢЩɫâȻԪȥġ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ϶ЩʿеġɫâԪʱԸܵƮطĺԪһϢʱ̲ס췭˸ۡ


1468 رеر
бƫͷƻĮϵѷ죬ˣȽƬȥ
ʱԽԽʿĮŵĴѷڣ붼֪ѷ󣬱ضƬνĳ
Уţ

΢΢ףͺС̫һԶתۼҲĮڵѷǰУ漴һ˲һƬ޴ռ
ȥƬǳĹ󣬴ɽһһȻΡߴ󣬵ȴǴһԣͬһ㡣
ңƬռڣе쳣Ũǿ౶ѾҪﵽҺ״̬
Ȼһ㡣
Զݡ
ڳ֮ƣ˵еĳЩĵرȱȻԳƵһиأһЩĹҲֻǿ
Ҳȡ
С̫ûʲôӦ²⣬ֻǺĶ
𣡡
໣
ռͨޣطҲ⣬һɽǿ޺У죬ʱʱһǿʢ쫷磬ȥʮˡ

ҽԶʿǿ޶ϣתۼǱ˺븹С
£Ѿ̫ˣһҲ⣬ɨƬ򣬺ԼС̫ȥ
һԣռ䣬ֵ߱ı඼Ǿλá
ǡ龧аٽأ
ԪǿֱһС̨Ϊ
챦ļѱģ
;ʿھ˷ܣ˶ѰһЩֵƵı
һ˳λȥ;ҲǷ˲ٱ걦ҩֻ漶ʿãǶԣʯûʲô𡣲Ȼˣ컹ȫϾЩȻûãֵеġ
ˣ
ǰһͷԳɺ죬סһˣֱ̽Ƴһץ
һͷޣӴʮɸߣһֻԳץһСɽѹ˰㣬ڵͶ´ƬĺӰ
û⣬ҲûзֻǼ򵥵һĲ࣬ԾԳԶ
úгԶһɽ䡣
ҲʱƮһ㣬ǳŨҼһɷǳ˵ܡ
ζ
һĨâ㣬ǳϤԼ³ʲô
кС̫㴫ķȥúһ֮ϡ
ȥѾвʿط˶ںѰʲôʿȺӺ̳˼ֵƵĶ۶龧еƬĵһЩں׵걦Ȳ֮
ԼС̫ѭ֮ǰǵ㣬ſĴһλÿȥһϲݣܱž˵ܡ
Ȼ
סϲݣеһĨ⡣
ϲΪݣ֮ʹʿ׳ȴҲͬһʱ丯ʿѪ⣬Ⱦ׳꣬ʹѪ֮Ҳ޷ؾۣ˲˹ģ˵һ־綾֮һ˼ǱЫ
쿴ȴǾâŨ
ʿԣǾ綾֮ǲ֮ȴرеرΪƿҩ䣬Ϊͨ񵤡ıҩǳҴо綾ĸݡ
ȱޱȾˣһ˲ʹʿսٶȺʶȸʵʮܹ֧Űʱʱ䣬ң֮û˿á
ʮʱżȻõһ긯ݣöͨ񵤣֮ҪѰһȴ쳣ѣΪȶѾˣѿѰõʱطһ긯ݣȻЩˡ
ñ
ŸݣҲ˫ĿŹ⣬Ϊ֪ȶʮսͨ񵤣ۼԸơͨ񵤡Ĺ̡
һС̫ԭأԼĿȥ
ڴݿȻطʿע⡣
ˡȥ
긯ȥˣѵҪȡ
ȡǶʲôо綾һ˿ղǶңⶫҲûκãֻܻ
òǲʶݣ֮ĳҩ˰ɣ
⡭ȥƺ񡣡
һʿ¶Źֵı顣
Щطһͷ˴Ĵ긯ݣȴûκһ˿ǰıܿԶΪ֪ݲʲôöʱݣƺҪȡ綾֮˶ܲ졣
Ȼע⵽Щ˵ı飬ȴûע⣬ֱŸݿ
תۼѣԶݽǰ
䣡
ʱ𶯣Ƭˮˣһͷ鲼ۼ׵ˮ޴Ӵð죬ɭɭǿЩˣеۿռѹƵ
ۿռޣ
ͷͻȻԺðޣطһʿǲɵ¶ݡ
ⷽУȻôǿޡ
𣡡
Ӵײ磬ſѪڣֱӳȥ
ܵգķ顣
ˡˣ
һĻʿǱɫͬʱ󲿷ʿǷɿĳŴȥ˲üطѰˡ
ϾЩͨʿԣһͷۿռǷǳֲģⲻˣΪѰͷֲ׶ϣʱǿɾǱˡ
໣
ͻȻҽһЩȥһʿһٴαɫ
ǵҰУĴӭſѪɶµͷۿռޣֻֻһƣʹͷ޺Զҵʹ
⣿
һƣһͷۿռޣ
⣬ˡ
ȥôᣬɾȻȴô£
ǼĴˣáǰ
˶죬ǵۡ
ͬһʱ䣬һλϣӰվһΪ׵һӣʱԶԶĿ죬΢΢ͷ¶һ˿͵ı飺ʵ˵ţվŵеһ˷Ըȥ˵ġ
ǡ
ԸһϮۣȥ
Ĵֳͷۿռޣн֯һƵƣ֮Ÿݣ֮ȡУǻطС̫ԡ
öͨ񵤰ʮս
еĸݣ˫۷ǳ
һЦʯУ߰ɡ
ˣ΢㶣ɨⷽⷽҲǲһ㣬ӦûвмֵıˣмֵıﶼѰ߰ɣûãԺͥ׳ͥá
Щɨõһȥ
£һ˵Ҳǲ뿪ʼ̽Ѱⷽ
Ҳʱһ߹ֱǰƽĶλҪ㣬ҹȥһˡ


1469 
ƽĿϣԵЩĮ
ü˵ܲڶʩһ㡣
ɨһۣôԷԼС̫̽Ѱⷽʶ
ں˵û𣿡
첻Ӧɫ΢
˵ǰעԼΪʲôˣҷƽЩɨˣȻ󣬻ȥʲôҪңԼ
ЩĺΪǣҪԼȥԼӣ
䣬ԼС̫ת̳һ޴龧
ɫ˶ٺ뿪ص֮ǰԸǸԱߡ
أ
ʵ
΢΢ͷ˵ҪԼȥ
иҵݣ
΢£⵹ûС
ףٹȥһˣ
ߵͷٴǰ
ôˣ
ˣ˸ղߵǰ̬ȣ˱Ǻܲˬ
ߵĮɨ죬ƽ˾ʵȥһ
ԣжݣҲ¶һĨɫ
ĸȻ֪ϴصһżڱŹһЩϵĵһУҲǿеĵһУǿգǿɼңֹһˡ
Щ⣬Ҫ˾Ȼˣңòڵλ͡
ȴЩãߣǸһ߸ϵ̬ǳһ㣬ǣȥǸǶһĪĶһ㣬ʵںܲ
ȥλ˵죬ûҪκĴ㡣

˵ţĿƿС̫̽Ѱⷽ
ߵɫȵһʱ˼ֱ֣ת뿪ܿصԶĿԣԸ⡣
һΣĸҵˣ
ˡ
ߵ
΢΢˫ۣźԶϵ죬ԭƽһƷ֮һ·ǾɱһʮΣյĸоǼλɼԼˣԿһ˼ǴµĪ£ɶԷȴܾˡ
ӲС
Ҹʱ䣬նˡ
˵
ǡ
Ӧ
Ӳ˵ʲôҲûٿ죬ĿԶһɽֱ뿪

ϣԼС̫һ𣬸ɢǿѰǲںʩչʹƺ֮ܿУת۱ǴӴײץһһڵ䱦඼ЩȽƽĶ
ȻƽҲС̫ԣΪǵΪѾڲ༶ΣѰĶǶû˿áҪǽһЩ羳ʿʿôѰЩɶ
Ѱһۣӹȥ
õĶ˶Ѱɾˣ߰ɡ
˵
С̫ǵͷһ뿪طԶȥ
תۣ뿪ĴԶ
˵֮ǰЩʿƬһЩ㾳ǿ߶ˣʲôԭţ
档
岻ӦǷʲô߼ֵ
бһۣⲻ˵ϻôһ㣬үȻܹõүʣǾǱʲô
֪

ûٶ˵ʲôС̫ƬĶȥ
ͻȻǰб޺һͷѪֶ˫ɭ̶ѪǳˣŵۿռڲΣצһֱӻӳƬĹУնƺһ˿뵽֮ڡ
ʱ͵ֱӱˣңĴľҲȫѡ
С̫û⹥ͷѪһһӰնܼджԶȥɨѪ
Ѫӱ䣬ܿĹԭɵӭɨĿ⣬ȴǵݺһֱӸоǵĲ༶
漴úʵһĿ뿪κζ
֪Ѫʩһ˿ѹ䣬Ķȥ
Ƭڣֺ޺ܶ࣬ҶǿߣޣвٳǷ𹥻ȴûһͷ˵ǡϾǵΪǿ󣬶ǿҲֻǵۿ۷壬ûκεв
ܿ죬ʱȥ߳Զ
ﬣ
һâնʮ˵ϢƺҪնϡ
춯ݣԶܿâ
âڲԶһɽ䣬ֱӽɽնķѣ̳

䵭Ϥһ֣߳
㡣
ϳˡ
С̫ݣȻҲǶϳˣ֮ǰܵǰͶͰǸߡ
϶ʲô˼
ĵ
ߵĮɨҪԿȴҾܾΪԼʲôʲô
ΪҲԸԣǸɱң
쿴ߡ
ΥˣΥǵһûлش⣬һ絽ǰֱһѹ£ɡ
һƺǿˣֱѹʮռ䣬츲£ҽС̫Ҳһ֣ȻҪһƽ졢С̫ȫĨɱ
벽㣿
΢΢˫ۣµһƣֱӿ˵ΪΡ
漴̧֣ƺܻȴ裬̼ס˵
߶ݣĳһȻûжȫȴҲԺܿ£ȴȻͽָסˡ
ɫ䵭˼ʵԤƵĻҪǿϡ
˵ţͻȻǲҽһһӿڣɿûʶϣʹֱըѳƬ
⡭
飡
̧ȣһؿڣֱӽ֮߷ڵأԷѪ
漴һ£ٴڶԷؿڣԷȲڽŵס
ˣ
üгһƱԴʶٶȿ켫תûʶֺܿ˻أһѰٶ֪˶ԷеʲôˣɼǿߺͻҲ֪ˣȷʵǶԷɱ
ֻΪҲԸҪɱңǹԵǿеһеˣ
Ц


1470 ǳ
ЦǹԵ
㡭
߱ڽ£ʱ̶̵Ƭʱ쾹ֱӴӰ벽㾳ʶǿ߲ٶһɺ⣬ԼоΪһڰ벽㾳սԶ
ҧͨⱩǣ벽㾳ܳӿҪѿ졣
츩ˣȵĲˣ£ֱһȭؿڡ

߲ҽУһھѪ⽻̼֯ȫ
쿴ˣüķŹ⣬ֱӳʶڰ衣
漴וּһ۳һֱĶüģżΪŨϢҲźڵɱ
ߵһ𡭡ҪɱңҲ֮ǡ
ﬣ
˵Ļֱʶ

󷢳һҽУδȴǱնʶС
ɨ˵ʬһۣǸʲôɱ㣿
ͷһʶӻղʶãڣǿģʱնĳ
ǰԵ
Ц
С̫ҲǵۣЩġ
лһĨâһɱ⣬տԶһɽ
漴ջĿ⣬С̫ʥӦܿ벻ڣȻȥȡһЩ˳Ǹ
ʲô棺У֪Ǹģ
ͷߵʶе֪˲£ƬڱһǳںĿ˵ǳʯȫǿձԴ۶ɣڵۿռͲ༶ʿԶǹ屦ֱ֮Ϊ㹻һ·ڶʱе㲻֮
ŵ֮ǰɻģƬڣʲôʹ㾳ǿ߶𰸣ǳ󡣡
ΪﵽۿռڵۿռͲ༶󾳽еҪҪǼȡǿձԴ꣬ǳʯȫǳԴ۶ɣڵۿռͲ༶ʿԣȻǷ൱ǿõۿռͲ༶ʿֱΪĺĵرңǿһ·ӵۿ㡣
ԣƿ˲䣬ڸӦĳλϵŨǿձԴ㾳ǿһƶڴһǳǣ㾳ǿ߸ϣȡ㹻ǳʯ
ǳʯ㾳ûʲôãǣЩ㾳ǿȴǳһЩǿĴΪԼŴȥ㹻ǳʯôǸԵŴжԣͶһ޴ĺ£ʹøԵĴڶʱڵٵĳǿ
ңǳʯֻһЩãһ;ֻڶͱĹвǳʯܼƵıܣͬʱһЩϡҩʱҲҪǳʯܼĳɹʣԼıƷʡ
ʴˣǳʯֵǺܲơ
һ̺ӴĿǳʯǳȻǾˡ
ԣ¶ɫϴصĹżˣȻ֪ǳʯȱȻһǳ̺Ŀ˵ǳʯļٵģ
ġ
ǣǸΪǳ
Ļ³һЩ
ԡͷҪȡǳһ޴ǳȻȻҲһھ޴󱦲ء
˵꣬ٶԣС̫ߵǣǰǳλá
ߵʶУѾ֪ǳλá
ã
ͷ
£ɢطҵһ֮أΪС̫Сֱ̫תʥͬߵǡ
ˣһۣʱȥ
պһ죬ߵǱ飬ҽѪ⾫ȫɸɾСֱ̫ӶӲڿ벻ڡ
㾳ˣðžâܶȡǳ˵Ŀ˵ǳʯǾͬʱڶʱڿ뵽㾳Σ
ȡǳȻû⡣

ߵʶУ֪ƬŵǴǳǳˣڵǳʯĿǳӴ潫ǳȡ£ôΪΣЩǳʯͬʱ㾳Բ¡
ǻʲôϽȥȥˣͱȫˣ
ǳȻѾ֣ǿȴſµĶ벽ɶԿУõȵЩɢܽǳ󣬶Щɢʧ»Ҫһµʱ䣬һµʱȥҪı˽ȵǡ
ô˵ȴҲǲΪżеطһҲкС̫ѭһ̶򣬳Ƭȥ
ǳ󣬱λǸλϡ
֮ٶȺܿ죬úƬλãһǳ޴ɽ֮ڡ
ɽŨΧĸֲܳԣɽʱֲȴ٣󳹵ʧرƶжһǿձԴҷǳŨ񣬱ǿһЩطǿձԴҪŨࡣ
ֻطĿУͼôŨǿձԴһ޴ǳڴ˵أ
ݣȻ֮ǰѾ˵طһ޴ǳ󣬿ʱߵԸӦƮŵĻǿձԴ̲סԾ
˵С

һ·ǰУúɽ
طеǿձԴŨȥǰʮĳɫɽдƬĻҺɫƮڿУʱʱĿ͵죬ƬƬĿռ䱻𣬿ȥЩˡ
ᵽ벽ɶ⿿Ķ
Զݡ
ԡ
ͷ
ʱûпɽǰǸһֻͣɽվŲʿʮ㾳ǿߣ־ڲͬλϣ΢жݣԾ̾ǲǿǿǳ㾳ǿߣǳôһڣȻܿôࡣ
ɨǰһȺʿһ̣ĿһϣԷ󻹸һߡ
ˣеһĨâǹһĨЦ
ߵʶУ֪ȷʵΪԼԸȥɱȻȻҲ֪òʱˣһɱ
С̫ʱȻҲǿЦ˵ţ˶٣ȥƺЩ򵥡
Ȼ򵥡ԶԶĿΪڰ벽ɾ
Ҳߵʶ֪


1471 ɱɱ
벽ɣΪһݣǣܽ𣿡֪һɿʬɱ㾳۷Ҳɶһ벽ɣڵİ벽ɣȴٻЩǡ
򵥣ǣԻɱ

ԶԶĿƾǿܹĸо˺ǿ󣬲ΪԦǾɿʬҪնˣʲôܵ¡
΢΢ͷţе΢Сһ˿ֱɢȥ
˵ЩǴðȻ벽ɶȥ
ǰƬĻҺɫЩ졣
벽ɣǿѾҪɾˣȴЩûа취
ȥûʲô塣
ЩҲǲ֪ЩǴʲôطðڶԴȴ⣬ΪЩڻɢȥ֪֪ǴʲôطðǸûӰ죬Ҫȥǡ
ԼС̫طԶԶĿǰɽȺڽɢȥĻҺɫһʱܿȥ
һ죬ɫɽĶɢȥڣռ䶼һЩ
ȥɽеһߴΰɽм¶һڿ󶴣ڽ֯ŵɫâ֪ж
ӿУŷǳŨǿձԴ
ɽڲǳڣ
ǿڿ󶴣¶â
ͷȻˡ
治ǳڣǾ;ɢǰŨǿձԴ
ͬһʱ䣬ǰɽǰǸʿˣзǳǿɢޣǿŵ̫ϳϣǿհеİ벽ɣʱȫǿڿ󶴶ȥѪǿʢ
Уǰû˸ԽǰУȻ˶֮ޱȼɵΪǿյһǿߣڣλɼλޱƽɾ
֮ʱȥʮһ󶴣漴ʿҲȺ뵽УжǴźŨľâڴڿá
졢С̫ڻɽԶһλϣʱһ˿УһСӣȫɢˣҲȥ
ǿڿ󶴣һ飬ʵǿڿڵǾĿӴǳʯһȡǾͿԶڶʱڿ㾳ջ̫ˡ
Ǳȥ쿴ǰǿڿ󶴣뿪ԶЩҸ㹻Ұȫλãҽ£Ǿ߿ʬԦǾ߿ʬȥѰǳʯŻǸտ
ԻȻˣԦǾ߿ʬҪտŲС˵ţУүСһտһȥңΪȥˣҲʲôΪ
£һ뿪طгȥԶҵһɽɽɿĿӡʮ󣬶ԭϥ£ԼıԴС磬ȡǾɿʬ漴Լһɿʬڡ
ˣȥˡ
ɿʬڴ
ȥɣעⰲȫҺСһ粽

С̫Ľ˻СצӣٲȻһΪľ͵ģ
ԦɿʬСһͷֶͷ漴ֱ뿪
뿪Ԧɿʬٶȷǳ죬ֻʮʱ䣬ɽû˿ԥֱӴ޴ɽĿ󶴴롣
ԭ󶴴ǿձԴͷǳŨں󣬶ʱо˸ŨǿձԴ֮ǿеǿձԴҪŨ౶ʹоȡ
ǳʯĿ¶ܼ򵥵ֻӴݣƣһǳֲ

ôţĽŲȴûͣ£ſ֮·ڿȥ
;УطھرЩŲҶӻܹ뵽Щط֮ǰʱв׵ĵر˲ժˡ
ͬʱһЩ˺ҧʿʬ壬һЩҰ޲ʬȥ˼֪ǳһЩǿޣеʿЩе޿УһЩҲ붴ڵǿʿɱ
ӸЩȥԽԽȥеǿձԴǾԽӵĻ񣬵󣬽ҪҺ̬˰㡣
漴ֹȥʮǰǿӿ
£ĽŲøЩֿܿԶ˴ƬʿӰ
𣡡
޺ڿڻصȥǰޱȿտʮͷطʿսɫۼףŨ𼶲Σڣмͷ㾳ǿڣӿҪһС

ʿҽУһͷ㾳ǿֱ˺飬뵽С
ۣ
Ѫˮըߵطʿǿ߿ǲ٣ʱ㾳۷ǿʿ֣նһĿ⣬ͷǿ㾳ն飬Ѫķ
ں󷽿һʿʮ޻սĿ⿴ǰһЩĵطͫһݡ
ɫâ֯ȭͷСʯÿһʯɢŵɫԣ֯ŵǿձԴŨЩֲ
ǳʯ
ɿʬڣͫĹ⣬һ˲˳ĶЩʯ
ЩʯǳʯΪǿձԴ۶ɡ
ö࣡
ǰɫǳʯһѶѵı鲼ڸ䣬ԹҲţ
ĿЩֲҲһٸۿռʿ㾳
̲ס˿һٸۿռʿڶʱ㾳ΣЩǳʯļֵ̫ˣȻɼǿҲöݡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
һƿյ죬ǰʿڿٵƶһʮ޲һ߳ûռǳʯһЩԵռɢǳʯûȥǳʯĵطΪЩطһش󣬽һѶѵǳʯɵһռ䷨ƿУȻ
ȻЩʿ˼˼ȥǳʯܶĵط´ŭңҲǷǳǿ󣬸߾ڰ벽ɾһ˸Ƕ֣㾳۷ǿߣҲп˼С
ԶԶĿţ΢׼ǰȥռǳʯ
ŸտһǾͣǰǸһѶǳʯƿеıӰ΢΢˫ۡ
Σû˸ȥǳʯĺܶĵطǳʯоųɻС
Ҿ;Ŀȡ󲿷ֵǳʯԺ
Ц
˱Υʵ£ǣֻΪԸͰԵȥɱôͶԷʲôʵ£
ԷɱɱɱԺˣֱȡطɵǳʯʡȥܶ鷳


1472 ȭ
ǳУĿǳʯ˸ԣ飬ǿձԴˡ
𣡡
صƵһʿ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳʿڳ֣һռǳʯһߺе޲

ĮѴѵǳʯͬʱֺɨһͷ㾳޵ɱ벽ɼǿߵĿƾɡ
ԶԶĿԷȻԵҲûʿȡǳʯϾطʿ඼ǿ󴫳е̫ϳϣҲзǳǿɢޣͬʱȥѹЩ˲ЩȡǳʯǼǵͬڵˣǿҲȥ¡
ΪҪ£طЩʿڱԵռǳʯûȥǳʯܼ֮ˣȻǸܶ˵ʲô
ɿʬУۿһһѵǳʯռ䷨ƿУ˶ٺҲǰȥԵռǵǳʯ
Ȼ֮նɱֱӶȡԷȡǳʯʱȴҲܾôվطΪǰڶᱦǳңطǲȥǳʯôĿǰһҲʱ䳤ˣҲ˵ע⣬֮¿ܻЩҪӰ졣
£ǰʼڱԵͱǳʯ
ȻУûб¶ʵûκηͷֻżǳʯץСϾʱԵǳʯֻΪ˲ΪվԶۿ˵ע⣬ﱩ¶ʵᵽܶǳʯǿɾԸΥˣڵһʱʱڱԵռǳʯ˵Ŀ⡣
ƬӿһʿһռǳʯһߺЩ޼սɱƬռݺᣬҪ󶴸̮
ˣʱĺܿ죬ת۱ʱȥطһͷ޵Ĳҽ޵Ļսʹͣ£ǳʯҲȫɸɾ
ϲ˴ջʵڷʢֽʵʵǿϲɺأ
ǿ㾳ǿ߹ά
ͬʱ㾳ǿߺһЩǿɢҲڣء
λҲջ񡣡
ΪһӣϵıܵȻԹάһ㾳ǿߵ
ԦɿʬվڲԶЦطȴ⣬ʿȡﲻһɵǳʯҲ˼ơλҲջʢ
Ҳȣҵȡǳʯҵá
˵
Ƕͷͣ϶ŹάЦ
Цλ˵ЦˣǳǴһ֣ĳôλȡǳʯ
Ȼһӭ˵ķУؿ㡣
ͷ漴ȥһ벽㾳Ļߡ
漴һʿҲǸߡ
ʱڵбﶼѾȡЩȻûҪ¡
ɿʬڣһۣȺгȥ֮һǳľ롣
ܿ죬ǰ󶴱ԵѾԿһ½½Ӷڿ
ϴŵЦطųϵǳʯȡʹʮϵĵۿʿڶʱͬʱ㾳ǿհҲһڳءȡڱأԣȻһڷǳĹԼķչȻȻҲô޴
ϵЦŨЩĻߵߣ
䣡
ͻȻ𶯣ȭƱӿֱӴĻ
ԶԦɿʬһֱעһһʱԷ߳󶴣ЦŨǾиʱŹᣬǶ֣ĳ嵽Էϣֱһǿֲȭѹ¡
ɿʬӳһȭþƺӳıһȭٶȿ죬ǿֱӱƬգ׸ȭ¡
ɿʬǰӭȿֲȭƣɫ䣺㡭
ۣ
һȭֱؿڣ۵һֱӹᴩɡ
һĻʱ˽ԱɫҲû뵽طȻͻȻ֣ʵ̫ˣֱǵ죡
ͬʱЩ˿ںеԦɿʬҲһ棬ˣȻһȭ䴩벽ɼʵжǿ
ˣ
Ǹ벽㼶Ļɫ䣬־ŭٶȳ֣һڿֲ㼶ͨżԦɿʬȥ
ͷҲصĻ֣ɿʬǿֱѹ߼㼶ͨңһɴ˳ſռ𵴿ȥһԶ
ɿʬڣн֯Ĺ⣬סɳȥֱӿȥ
ڰ벽ɾǿհڵİ벽ɣʵνǷǳǿᣬⴴ󣬺ܿסΣĿűԦɿʬ죺ʲôˣ
ɿʬӳľƵһȭʱɫЩ԰ףȻһȭ˼صˡ
û뵽طȻ˵Ҷ֣
Ԧɿʬһ仰ҲûУٱƵǰٴγ֡
ˣ
ɿʬȭһ˿ȭ֮ƣ񷶼Ҫѹ
󾪣ȭЩ£̺ʹǿоļ¡
΢΢ͺ𣬰벽ɼȫ߶ֱʩչǿͨӭϡ
תۼ䣬ײһ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һʱ䣬ȭƵ𶯣ֱطһ̮顣
Ԧɿʬʱں֮£ɫЩݣȻӦǰǿᣬɿʬȭһİ벽ɾԵ˼ȭ񣬶ԷһʼԵĿֲһȭȴ֣ܺѾɿʬӳʮȭսʵԾ
һ̣ľǾɢȥԷȻǿᣬɿʬӳʮȭȴһֱ·ԽԽԣڲϵĺˣɢľȣҲǶһܿٶڱ
ȻԦɿʬ͹֮£ԷȻԶԶһİ벽ǿ󣬵ǣȴҲһֲ̫ã޷ԦɿʬƥС
Цȭٶȸ죬ֱͣϺˣ
漴ȥʮȭƻȻƵֲȭֱ߽һɱͨͷͨһȵĺڶԷϡ
һʱ䣬ĽѪˮ½䣬һΣķѡ
ˣ
Ԧɿʬʱٶ֣ǿǿдץһƿȻǳʯǸռ䷨


1473 Ǳ
ƿһֻ־סĿռȴǷǳˣһɨֱ濴ǳʯǿձԴ궼΢
ã
аԵϲ
ƾЩǳʯС̫֮ڶʱڿ㾳󻹻кܶʣ£ЩʣµǳʯͥʱռĸĵرɵҩϦꡢ˶㾳
ռǳʯ
ط֮ǰƿɵǳʯʱ콫ƿһǴ󾪣˵˭ӼֱˣȻᱦ̫ˣ
䣡
һǿܲԶй䶯ɿ޸
ԦɿʬһѽȡƿڣԼ꽫֮ɣԦɿʬһǳԷȥֱһȭԷ
ˣ
ǿµһȭɼʬ̼ѹ˴ա
ˣֻΪԸҪɱȻŹȡǳʯ󣬽Ҫɱˣ۶Էĵλжߣⲻη壬ҪնˡΪĴԭ򣬲£Ҳ£˭ҪԵ޹ʵԷӣҲÿ϶Էһ
һʱ䣬µȭ𶯣̼ǰƺƵѹ䡣
ֻҪ򵥵Ķᱦɱ
طһʿһĻһںµԦɿʬһ𺳣ˣôô󵨣
Ҳʱһȭѹ䵽ͷʱܵȫѹѣȭøӿ¡
ﬣ
й𶯣δɢһڳӭһȭ
漴һ̣ؾ۶ŭ𣬳ܵ򣬻һɱ⳯ȥ


죬Ȼڻ󣬽ռǳʯȫ˹ȥ
ֱ
ߣܣȭڷɳײһ

һ죬ֱӱһȭķѡ
Ȼǿ󣬵ɼǿߵǰȴĲʲôܲ
ȭ˿Ʋļѹ¡
ͺƬķӡÿһӡŷǳµĴܽһжѹ飬ӭѹµһȭȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ײһƬһƬĳҹâ
طһƬƬѣһ̮˽ĳ˷ǳ
찵ԾȣȻԵˬԷʵȴĺֲܿʱŶԷΪǳʯƿŭս֮ǰǿ˲٣ȻǿԦɿʬսƽ֡

ٴķӡȻһڷǳµĴͨ
ԦɿʬһһȭԷķӡӲ
һʱ䣬طΪҵԣ̵۾Щ
䣡
һζԺ䣬յرǴ˶ȭһֲ쫷磬ŷĵӿȥͬʱһƬƬռ䡣
һɣֱӿȳһھѪ
棬΢ĺ飬¶ɿʬԭݡ
ɱĲƤݵĺͫףʱ˽Ծ
ʬ壿
ɵĲǡʬ
⡭
˽Աɫ
ͻȻҴǳʯˣȻǻ
Ȼһʬ
ʬ޳𣿡
ԣûеʬʬǡ
⡭ڿʬɱ
طһǿ𺳡
ű¶ɿʬȻҲ¶ݣһ̣һһαɫĶԦɿʬ㣡㾹ȻûɳɱȻʵǿʱоɿʬڵ겨оڼԦɿʬ
ɿʬڣʱ΢ٴΪǿԷܸӦɿʬڵ겨˶֪˭ڼԦɿʬ
ߣ
ߣʱϳûκιϵ
ŶԷһǰȥֱӾһȭ
ˣ
ǿһȭϰ˻ģɼʬѹһУܺС
ƬӡԦɿʬȻ㣡
־ŭû뵽﹥ȡǳʯˣȻ֮ǰΥԸˡ
֮ǰɳȥɱԷԭΪ߰벽㼶ʵԽĨɱˣȴҲûϵ߾ʧˣûɱ죬쾹ˣռǳʯʱҪɱ
ңȻԦһɼʬ
Ķ
к⽻֯ŭӣķӡø࣬øǿ
һʱ䣬ʮձѹƣµܷһ޴磬졣
챻ھ޴ĽУ޾⣬ֱӻӶȭ
һ죬մ𶯣ɼʬ֮ѹɾˣ񱩵һȭ£̼ͨ㱻顣
ֻΪԸҪɱңΪԼʲôҪԸµˣҪնɱҪ
ȻѾԷϳҲûʲôڵˡ
䣬ٴοһٶȿľˣֻһ˲бƵǰ
漴ٴ̧֣һȭѹ¡
ˣ
һȭȸղһȭǿͿ£ͬһǳѹ㡣
ŭ˫ֽӡһ̫ħоſͷ­ɽӡ
̫ħأħ졣
ߣȭƼѹ䡣
ͣ
һ죬̫ħֻһȭǱķѡ
漴һת۳ǰһǿֲȭѹ䡣
㡭
ۣ
Ѫˮʮôһȭһը鿪

ŭѪɿؾ۳ͫг˷ŭĻ棬ؾ۳ɲǼֳһڴͨʮռΪ֮ҡ񷶼ɫ
ֻǣԦɿʬͨȻ£ȴûʲôãһȭͱķ飬쿿ǰһȭؿϡ
۵һٴըѪˮͲйƮ춼ǣĿġ

Ϊڰ벽ɼԶԶһİ벽ɼǿǿ궼Ƿǳͣȣһؾ۳
ɱ
죬һŭ˫ǰӡһƵһƵɵȻ΢ȴֲˣǿѹ¡


1474 ˭Ҷɱ˭
ӭɵ΢΢ݣԷΪ벽ɼǿߣѾ߱һ˿;߱һ˿ɵȻǳģǳ鵭ȴվǳԽͨͨܵʵƱ֮ǰǿࡣ
Դȴǲ⡣
ԷɵѵڼԦɿʬھûУ
ЦӭŶԷɵֱһȭѹϣɿʬڱƳһϢɵ򣬼һƿ֮⣬ʮ
ͣ
һ죬һϢɵֱӱķ顣
󾪣㡭ﵽ벽ɾ߱һϢһɵȴ룬ҲʬڼͬңԶǿ
ߣ
촫ɵڼѹ䣬ңֱӲһȭ
ںһ𣬿ԷǳѹһС
ۣ
ѣһα飬Ѫա
ͺǿľˣֻգۼٴؾ۳ĿɱĶ죬һǿ޳һɵѹ졣
ռǳʯն죬ǳʯ
䣡
ɵ𶯣ȸղŸǿʢһЩ⣬ͬһ嫺˰㳯ѹȥš
ЦŸձһΣּڣ޼ƿʩˣ
ȭƳһɵӭŶԷɵѹϡ
͵һ֮ͬǰǰ㣬ɵֱӱ顣
粽Ƶǰһȭ¡
ۣ
Ѫˮɽһȭ֮ǿˣһαڲϣĿġ
Ԧɿʬֱֱۣ̽ץе塣
ﬣ
̶ıзɳһڱȻһ۷⣬֮ǰҪǿϲ٣ӭץĴ֡
̧֣һƽڱķ顣
ݵһ˲䣬𶯣ת۱۳
ɱûãձɡ
ŶԷһŶԷɱȥ
ǿʵˣԦɿʬɱ˶Է
ӭɫɭѿʱ˳һ˵ⲻԦɿʬ죬Ǿʬ̫ǿˣһдɵ򣬸涼ȵѹֵס
ಣ
ƿһ죬ֱӿ粽ȭɱ
˵һķռ䱻ѹ飬ȭš
һڴַͨĺӡƵһδκײ
λĳһ֮ѹˣĳм
ͻȻ⸽һʿ
ʱ򣬿һ˵ĵסԦɿʬ죬طһʿʮ㼶ǿߣҶ㾳۷壬ЩͬʱԦôһʬҲţԺѹ
ĻطһʿһʱȻ
ǿǰĿԦɿʬϣЩ˸
ΪǿհǿߣλܸߣԭӦڵһʱȥԴ˺ϵʱ򣬿żԦɿʬǿƣЩȴǶЩɡ
ȻЩ˵ĳɣǱֵĹһҧλĳɱɹ֮ĳóõһǳʯ֮ƽ֡
ʱû취ˣһ˵ס죬ҲΪ˼ǿֻ֣׳޴ջԴ£
⻰طһʿʱ¶ݣ⡭ѹóõǳʯһƽָ֮ˣ
Ҫ֪ȡǳгųɵǳʯеһǳʯĿǷǳˣԳƵһڳأ
λڣҵܲ

һʬ幥ʵ󱲣СˣĨɱ
ʼǳ͵ϮĶ֣ȱ֮ͽܷŹ
֣ѹˣ
ƿһʬ͸ðʵſλһϣҵǿߣʬΣͽһˣסôˣ
ɱ
£طʿԿڣһ߳ά죬ΪмԦɿʬ̨£һ߰ʾˣֻҪһ֣Ԧһɼʬͽ֮£ҲԲܵסôȺ
ɿʬڣһȭȭѹƫͷĽҪһȺʿҾǣ˭Ҷɱ˭
ȭƸͣĲ񷶼Ϊֲ֮ˡ
ϢʹطһʿǼɵȼɵܿɢȥ
Ԧɿʬǳ£ǣıȴջܴΪõǳʯһ룬Щ˿Ŀ⣬ǽ
ͷ¶βԵ󱲣Ҳſ񣡡
ֻһ˶ѣΪоʬ޵ˣ
֣һˣסôˣ㼶ǿ߾ʮˣһһǿߣһ֣ˣֱӽ֮ɱ

ɱ
һʿȵңһΣºֱӾʮ˳ɱȥ
ʮ˽Դ۷壬ʮΪƬʮǿڵ̫ϳϣΪǿɢޣʼһֱǶǿͨƺƵѹ졣
漴ʮ۷ǿ֮طʮ˶֣ΪڵۿռͲ༶Σӳһɱ⹥ɱ졣ʱֻҪǳѹ죬ԺǱҲлֵǳʯЩǳʯȵۿպͲ༶ʿԣջǾ޴ֻҪѹõó㹻ǳʯǻڶʱ뵽㾳Ρ
㾳ǿ಻ĲΰЩζǸ硣
ɱ
һ˺Ⱥ𣬸ɱ볯ѹ䣬ֱƬռֹסĻζ
һȷʵܿ£ɿʬ֮ڣȴҲɸоһѹΪͬʱǿİ벽ɼ
ȴû˿ɵ⣬Ԧɿʬл⡣
ȻǾͳȫǣ

䣬â˸һɽڳͨ鲼ӡ֯ŨϢɵƺܽնϸѡ
ɽ
ڼԦɿʬʱΪȷ㹻˳ɽҲϣʱԦɿʬɱֱץסɽһ
ﬣ
Ľһ½ն̱Уնһʿѹͨ

ʱ˽ԱɫȻǰ벽ɼҲ⣬͵һ


1475 
ɽͨ鲼ӡĽƵŷǳŨɵҪǿеǳն£ܵնŤ
Ȼ
һʿͲ
Ԧһʬһһϣݺսõжǿ
⡭
ոջѹնɱʮʿ˲ȫɫ
ɫúѿ´ջ˵һȺʿѹ죬Щֻʬ£żһ˵һѹ죬ǣôҲûϵ쾹һ
ȼıûУȴУ

죬ҧгݡ
ԦɿʬɽʱĿɨɱʮʿֱնһ
וּһ̶صһ콣âããա
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮĿʮʿУǰʮ۷ǿѪɣʮһЩ༶͵ۿռʿֱըһƬʮ˲
⡭
һĻһ˽ĺ
ֻһѣôµƣʮʿȫⴴȥʮˡ
촫ߣƬâطʿ
Ƚâɿʬһ΢ɵ򣬵ǿĺˣӵŴݿܣһ˲ǽΧɱʿٴնĺɶ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۣʮ͵ۿռʿը궼ݳֱ
ԦɿʬԼĺϻ֮£㾳µˣͬ΢ȶҪ
նն˽ʮǿߡ
طŰʿ˶ںǰɱ죬һСʿΪʵںܼɵԦɿʬûб׳ıջ󵽣ʱңĿֲڻԼûһȥɱ죬Ļֱӱվ
ΪЩȫĳȡ죬ֵʮʿһҲǶ֣ЩΪֻƿһʬԤȫˣʱгֵˣɱʬ£ⲻվ
㣬㡭
ǰսУ춯ֵˣȴ⣬ʱʣʮˣʮ۷ǿߣʮ벽㣬ʮһ۷壬巢
Ԧɿʬ͸ɿʬİ˫ĿһˣĮ
ƿɽʱʩչ󣬼ԦɿʬһߺһƽͳɱʮһУһɲǼǳһ벽㾳ǿߣֱ̧֣һȭ¡
ۣ
Ѫˮը벽㾳ʿھб飬Ҳһ
һ벽㾳ǿǰ򵥣һȭѹ䡣
˵һ򵥵һȭռһ̶ڲը졣
˿־壺ҪŹ
ۣ
򵥵һȭ벽㾳ǿϣ˲佫˺ɱ
ͬһʱ䣬וּһɽ֮𶯣һֱӵƬ⣬ʮ
۵ģƬ֮£Ѫһը۷ǿ߲
һʱ䣬˽ĺȫסˣ
Ϊڶʮ۷ǿУһ߿Բı꣬಻ҪˣˡΪ
Ϊһɢޣº󵱼Ǻˣʼ뿪Ƭսʵ̫ڿˣԦɿʬһһȱ˿ɵ
ɫúѿһ£ʱѿ
ԭȻҲһҪ֮ѹ죬ŷ˼ΪȡǳʯһޱȾ˵أҪǣڻս˼ܽϳЩѹסʱȴȻ˿ںˣ
־ŭ
ﬣ
̶һɹ춯ֱ֣ӽ˵Ļ߹ᴩ
Ѫˮʮ
߱ᴩӿѪſ죬ַŭѾٹ㣡ô
ﬣ
죬˵Ļٴζ֣һǿĽâ
۵һâٴιڣϻһǰ͸Ѫ
ͼʱɱң򲻹ͺˣһѾٹҾ£¼䣬ô˵£
촫
˲䣬Ԧɿʬֻһǳڻǰ
Ƶǰ߶ʱʧɫǷǳʬĿ£һʬƵǰǾһѣ±ǰȣ󷽳ݡ
ϧȴǳˡ
ˣ
ȭɼʬȫ߶ֱӺһȭâ
۵һգۼǱȭâķ飬ǿҲǱ鲼Ѻۣƺһͻҷ˫ȫ־
̧֣һ£͵һ˵飬Է
ˡһ㾳۷ˣԭĴڣô
Զһʿ
սУʮʿǷ
£ವģһƿ𣬳ȴ⣬սУЩʿһȫˣ
ߣ
촫ЦʩչɽǿɽԻȫУĽâֱӺķЩ˵ͬʱЩ˵·Ҳϣѹһ̶Χڡ
ವһһ벽㾳ǿǰֱһȭ£˵һķ飬ɱ
ۣ
һ벽ǿǰһƵ£ֱӻɱ
ԭȡǳʯɱʱʱٹֻǽԷǣһ̶Χڣɱɱȭȫʮʿ
ʱЩΪ׳ıɱˣ
ﬣ
̶ɽƿ£նһһ콣⣬ÿһˣڶʱڣȺɱ벽ǿߺĸླ۷ǿߡ
£ҵ֪Ϊ̰ͼǳʯ㡣һླ۷ǿ߲ɫ԰ף¸һᣬš
ﬣ
̶ɨˣ̧־һֱӽüĹᴩɱ
ɱˣֻɱġ
һɽֱдƬâսлʣµʮʿⴴ󲿷˶ǿѪɡ
ƿԦɿʬһ۷Ľǰֱһȭѹ䣬۵һ˵顣
ಣ
飬ȴûڵһʱ롣
Ȼٶȸ죬ԦɿʬֻһǱƵߵԱߣһѽץС
ֻоǱץס˰㣬˿־壬Ԧŵɿʬе£飡Ϸڵ̫ϳϣ
ڵ̫ϳϣҪɱһڵ̫ϳϣʲôڣҪǿ󣿡


1476 նɱ
Ļ͵һǰǿյһҶ֣Ҫնɱһڵ̫ϳϣ˼ɣ
Ϸ֪µǸ·Ź֮۸ʲôϷ򶼴ӦûԸȻҲһϣܹȥ
촫Цץ˵һֱӽԷС
áúݣ
ԶһЩΧʿɵö£һĻֱӴ˸
֮ǰĻ֮һ㾳۷ǿ߱ն
ԭ˿ɶǲĴڰȴôնɱ
սУ׳ջ¹ɱˣʣʮʮ۷ǿߣ벽ǿߣʱʮˣоͷƤЩ飬Ԧʬһһ̣ŵˣ̫ˡ
ɨЩˣûʲôĻԦɿʬʩչɽȫĹɱΧڣһݺᣬһȭâˡ
ۣ
һ벽ǿ߱һᴩͷ­ʶ飬Ҳ֮һ
ɱ𣿣ЩˣǰеĴôˣΪУòҪ̫
һ۷ǿ߽е
ɨˣ䵭һǳϣֱһȭѹ¡
˴㡭
ۣ
Ѫˮ˵ֱըǱķɳȴֱӭһƣĵķ顣
ȻĲǵ㾳ǿ߱նˡ
ﬣ
̶޽콣⣬ƥɱˣڵʮȫᴩе벽ǿֱӲ
һ˲䣬սлʣʮˡ
ʮˣһǰ벽ɼŸΪ۷ǿڡ
ﬣ
ٴԦɿʬȭâͬʱɱˣɽŵĽ⣬Ҳһ˶Уȭâͽâֵɱ⣬Ժڡ
ʮˣĸоɱû˿Ի͵ء
ֻǹһ£δȴҪɱˣδ̫ݶˣ
һҧڼףΪһ۷ɢޣ벽ѾԶ
Һԩ޳һɱʱûݶʣ

˶ʱһͣһʱ䣬Ҳ
Ҳʱһ˲ǿ絽˽ǰǼ򵥵һȭѹ¡
ˣ
򵥵һȭӳΪ֮˱飬Ҳһ̱
תսˣģͼڵĴвңûκãǼȻɱңҪñɱľ򡣡һˣɽˣ죬ǶҪ
ﬣ
£ɽĽֱӳһնȥ
ңԼԦɿʬӶɼȭѹͨûκ˵ֵסȻҲֻһδαĺɣⴴ
תۣѪˮһطը߸۷ǿ߱նɱ
㡭ѾɱôˣѾ˰ɣšŹҡ
ʱսгȴ⣬һ۷ǿߣΪһǿŵ̫ϳϣʱѾǻѪˮźˣ˫Ŀǿ־Ĺ
˽ǰûκζĻֻһȭӦˡ
۵һ˱޿ɱܣ޿ɵֱӱķ飬Ҳһ
ʮ۷塢ʮ벽㡢ʮ͵ۿռȫȫ
طЩΪ׳ջȥɱʿһֱΧսƬսһǲɵ÷ֻˡ
ֻֻʣˡ
˶µ
սУѪˮȾ˴ƬرΪ׳ջɱȫ𣬳ȴԦŵɿʬ⣬ֻʣһˣɫѿ
ңʱ벽ɼǿߣһ˿־Ĺâ
ᣬתնɱʮǿߣҴ඼Ƭǰеһǿƺηһɺ⡣
ˡ

ԦɿʬʱĿϣһԷȥ
һĺ⣬øӵԡ
ҧҧ£֮ǰ²ԣӦֻΪ㲻Ըɱ㣬ҳϣɷ£ʹ˽ҡ
ﬣ
̶һâɵֱӴؿڴ
˵ˣģûá

Ԧɿʬһ
ҧӭ̲סˣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣɱңԣûκκôԲŹ㣡
ﬣ
һâɹ춯նһٶȿ켫գۼٴνᴩ
⣬ҺҲ˵ҪڵĴвȻɣ
˵
һȾѪɫѿ㡭
촫ߣɽԦɿʬһǿ絽ǰûκζĶȭѹ£ɽն֡
ǿǣƣ޿ɱܣֻӲͷƤӭĹ
۵һֻգۼѣɿʬɽĹ£ܴ󴴣ըѪˮĽ
¡
䶯δӿתۼؾ۳
ԦɿʬĹ⽻֯ȷʵαɿʬұɽնɱȴǿÿһα궼ܺõıޱȿٵؾ۳ǡ
ʵԲһİ벽ɿӵУڰ벽ڣǿɳ
Ȼȴ⣬ԷǿΣվסԦɿʬ
Ԧ߿ʬһһȭѹ£һһâն䣬Ͻ飬ȥӹⴴ񲻶ϽͣѪ˥ܵ㡣
Ҳʱȫ֣ǿǿбƳɿʬдŵɵʩչɽһѹ¶Է
һƬռֱӸֳƬѺۣƺҪݡ
ʱѪ˥㣬ӭֲһɫұ䣬˫Ŀȫ־ס֣Ҫɱ
䣡
ӿɵУֱӽ֮Ļϣϡ
۵һѪըĿĹһС
ȹɢȥսУӰʧɱ
ʱطջȥΧɱˣԲɵͲ
桭ɱ
ɫףһʼͿҪɱʱ򣬵ۿ콫նʱȴ̲ס𺧡Ϊʵ̫ˣΪǿհڵĵλǳߣɱôһԻŭǽ鷳


1477 
ԶսʿɫףȻ汻ɱˡ
⣬⡭
˿ɿʬĲ
Ԧһʬն£ֱ̫ˡ
ɿʬڣԶһʿֱۣӱ뿪ҪĿȡǳʯɱĿĴﵽȻͣ
ٶȺܿ죬ֻһͿطԶתۼʧʾͷ
ԶһڹսʿԦɿʬԶȥǿ֮ǰԦɿʬһսƬսһǼĴ˸
ɱУʮʿУʮ˿Ƭʮڵ̫ϳϣһЩˣҲǳԸǿ󴫳УôһɱЩ¶ŭ⣬ֱ
˵ţһŭ𣬾Ƭˡ
Ҫ찡
һЩʿ૵

뿪ǳƬٶȺܿ죬ԦɿʬתۿԶ
֮ûãԦɿʬһɽڵһɽǰ
ˣ
С̫طһֱڹעŶ⣬Ԧɿʬϵһ˲ͱ߷֡
ͷɽڣɿʬڿ²Լڣ漴ɿʬ
ô
켺ʱ򿪿ڣǳʯ¡
ȡˡ

һڵǸƿȡС̫ۿ
ӹȥһɨǿƿڵǳʯҸӦǻ񵽼ǿձԴкüǿձɵƿС
ôࣿ
𾪡
򵥵ɨƿеǳʯеǳʯ඼һ£ƣƿеǳʯٿʹʮۿռʿͬʱڼ̵ʱ뵽Σֱһڳ˵ء
С̫ɵõ˵ɴ۾ƿĺǳʯĲᡣ
ǳ󣬾Ȼôš̾ȥκƽˣǸʲôأɵû
ɵˡͷƿڵǳʯǴӶԷȡΪǳд¾ųɵǳʯ
˵ţն׳ջȥΧɱʮʿ£Ҳ򵥵ĺС̫¡
һȺС󣬾͸ȫˡ

ͷʢǳʯƿ𣬵뿪ƬһƫƧصĵطչǡ
Уߣ
ͷտտĹ
ǾڲླΣЩǳʯܴܿﵽ㾳ﵽ㾳ܲ𣬽Ҳõµţɺ
ߡ

£һ뿪طܿ뿪ⷽ
֮󣬺ķյʱ䣬ѰһǳƫƧһĴɽһ޶ûһͷѰһȽϴɽߣ뵽С
԰벽㼶Ϊɽһ¾žŰʮһ漴ɽ£žŰʮһɽ⣬Ȼǿ߹ϸ̽ѰҲ޷ӦɽڵС̫
ⷽɽ£ֱӴƿȡһǳʯʹⷽɽ̼䱻ŨǿձԴͬǻһ΢Сǿհ㣬âͣ˸
ʼɣǳʯ㹻Ƕ㾳
˵
С̫ͷǶתžķʼЩǳʯ
ԭأһת̫ľҲʼǳʯ
ŨǿձԴͬ嫺һ㳯ӿȥ̫ľԴԴϵĳʶӿ룬ӿ뵽ʶеڡ
ʱһɢĻһǳ˵ٶ
ླ£Ѿ಻ʴҪģ꣬ȡǿձԴ֮ʹͬһ㣬Ҳﵽ಻ľ磬漴һٿ뵽㾳ȥȻʿһǵüȡǿձԴӴһЩĵرҲʹʿڲླﲻϳ壬ӶҲ뵽㾳硣
˵·ϣʿǴһ󾳽ӴĵرʹʿΪڶʱڳ¸߶ȡ
ˣ
ǳʯԽԽǿҲԽԽʢΪһĴӰ벽㳯㾳ȥ

ǣƬģʮɽһÿһޱȾˣ֯Ũܲ·Ƭᴩĵط
ʮɽУһһĺΰУ·һСɽ㡣
Ȼǿеһڡ
ʲô
һŭĴһڴ񷶼ҡ
ڣһĻڴģܷŭ𡣾ڸղţӵϢնɱ棬ңȡþʮϵĵۿʿͬʱ㾳ǳʯȫȥ
ǿڳƵһƬǿյǿգ޾ڳƻʣȴȻ˸ҶǼλɼ֣ɱҽȡǳʯȫȥЩǳʯҲһڳذڶʱڶʮϵ㾳ǿߣʵɷڣȴȫûˡ
˭˭ģҲ飡

ƬڣʬڽɱǸʱ򣬾Ƭڹսȴ֪ɱ˾˭˲µˣȴѾȥûܹµ
ߺͻߣУʼȥĨɱʱͱɱһߣǳʱɿʬһƳɣֱԶʴˣں˭Թ֪ƶɱҽȡǳʯߵ˾˭
£һڣһǿ߳ʼֵ龿˭ɱҶȡǳʯҪɱ˾նɱ顣ҪǣһҪߵǳʯȫȡأΪЩǳʯļֵ̫ˡ
ͬʱƬǿʮԼһҲŭΪǵڣҲжǿһɱ
ЩȻŭȴûʲôΪ˵ɱɱǸŵǿߵ˲һɼʬһһȱ֮¸޵УȻ֪˭ɱǸŵǿߣȴҲֻΪʲô
ҲΨǵɼǿĴѹǸˡ

ƫԶƫƧĻɽڣɽУ졢С̫ĬĬǳʯɽУǿձԴŨ
ˣ
⽻֯ɫ⣬̫ľתԽԽ죬ΪǷɿ
ˣתۼ䣬һʱȥ
һºһ죬ɽϿյĲ͵һ̼һƬڽ֯һɻѹֵϢƺƵ¡


1478 ׼ɽ
ܼŨڲϣһͻأ֯Ϣš
ֻһ˲ѣɽϵĲرһѹ֣Բǧڵ飬һǴڵһʱһɿ־С
䣡
𶯳գҪһ㣬ɽ˶ζ
ɽɽڣǳʯеС̫ԲɵúݺһϢ˶û
һߣ⽻֯ųҽâһ绡Ƶ⣬㾳ѹƵƬռڣѪǿʢ
漴һ̣ĳҽâðʢѪ㣬󣬴ɽϵĹҲɢС̫ϢֱȶΪ
ֹȥʮɽڣ˫ۣ֮һû
ε٣òƱǰҪΣա
ɽ̧ͷ񷡣
ǳʯһµʱ䣬ڴﵽ㾳Σڸղֱǣ㾳٣һ˲䣬ʱԵ˳㾳ʹǣʧ䡣ôһ˲㾳ٵĳףҲĸӦԺ㾳ٻж£һ˲䣬ڷ
ԴˣĵӦΪ㾳·ϵһ޴ɱ䣬ԣɱ֮٣вԾ޴ǳ
һܿƽ
ûʲôˣܹɹȥ
ɱΪ㾳٣ԭȻƿҲӦǶɲȥ˵ǣһǰƬڻõһ긯ݣ긯ݣƳöʮսͨ񵤣ͨҪɹε㾳٣Բκε⡣
ʱʱʲôΪС̫żɽ⿴һۡ
ˣ
ˣ
С̫⣬ͬ⽻֯ΪǷɿ
תۣʱȥ
ºȡĶⷽɽڵǳʯʣʮţ쫷ֱС̫ڵƬɽھֱƵǿʢѹ
漴һ̣ͬʱ˫ۣ˫Ŀнǹâ֯âŨ
ȥˣ㾳磡
˷ܡ
ѵǳʯʱ䣬ӲֱӿΡ
뵽Σµţȫȥˣ£Ȼͬ٣
ͬʱʱǳˣѹǿսǿԺڵһս
С̫ɫâƱǰӴʥϢŨˣԼһϢ䲻
ǳ
쿴Ц
ʱܹоС̫ǿȻŸտ㾳սȴԶͬʿ
С̫ӦЦ죬ʵСӣأ죬û㾳Ӧʱܿȥɣ֮ǰǿ㾳˳
֮ǰǳʯʱоһԲϵĿѹȸУѹȸУѾǵһܹĸоٵϢܹ㾳١
֮ϢתʧҲǲˣԺܼ򵥵Ĳ²⵽ʱ򣬵ڽ㾳ʱ˳ΣӶʹøֶɢȥϾǰһʱԴ˲İ
һЦԣ
ǣôⳡ٣Ѳѣ
ʵ鵹֣ЩΪÿεٶܿ£һε٣㾳ɾĲ֮췣Σճ̶ȣȥ˼Ҳֲ֪ܿ
ģûʲôˡ

ĻЩ⣬û뵽쾹˵ûʲôˡ
ͦ

ġЦ漴ֿڣС̫ȹһ㾳ΪΪǻȻҪ֮Ҹط١
Щ⣬һ̱뵽ʲô긯ͨ񵤣˵ţǰһѹСӶⳡôš
֮ǰƬȡһ긯ݵ£Ȼ֪֪긯Ƴɶʱʮսͨ񵤣ʮսͨƿصţܼܺ򵥵Ķɹ١
£ٵʲôүȺСһ﹮㾳ΪȻȥɹ١䣬кС̫ʼ㾳Ϊ
һС̫תۼ䣬յʱһζš
һ죬С̫Ⱥ˫ۣ֮ǰǿʢЩͬʱҲȶ£㾳Ϊȹ̣̫ͬʯ̡
ˣҿʼ

ͨ񵤵ƣѾйһΣڴεʱǾƹʱԿ㾳Ϊ֮ѾԽʷϼŵľŽҩʦˮ׼ʱͨ񵤣ȻԶԶࡣ
ȡԼͨҪһЩϣȡҩıչ֮õҩ߶ףʼȱǳ졣
ˣһۣʱȥ
ʱⷽɽдһŨķ㣬ҩȡöĴָǴСɫһƵƽǳ졣
ԤĶһöңЧӦñǰƳͨ񵤸ǿţʱƳͨ񵤣ÿһöάʮսһʱ
лһĨâ
ڼȡһöݣǸʱͨ񵤣ʧܣٷְٳɹȴֻƳöͨ񵤣񣬻ΪѰĸݱȵѺΪȵǿԭڰٷְٳɹʵ£һƳöͨ񵤣ңЧͨǿ١
һʱǰͨ񵤣ֻλðʱʱ䰡
Ծ
ԡԭӦѰĸݱѰѣңΪǿˣԴתΪĵĿƸȷһƳͨ񵤣֮һƳͨ񵤣ƷҪǿ
򵥵ĺ£Ȼȡеöͨ񵤣ָ֮С̫Լö
ӹݹͨ񵤣˫Ŀ⣺ʮսүΪټöͨ񵤣ʮս󣬹ƶܺһսˡ
бһۣ̫ˣΪԽǵ˺棬󾳽սԽڵΪʮսҲɼʿĶ֡
˵ţּɢȥӡɽʮңԶˣҸտĵط١


1479 
ʮսͨƳɹʱ׼뿪ȥһҷǳտĵط㾳١Ϊ㾳ǵķΧضǳǸڣܻᵼ޹ѣɲ뷢¡
£뿪طС̫߳ɽԶȥ
ܿ죬ǿԶ˺ͨǰУڹȥ߸ʱƬһڡ
ȥƬռзԲʮȫǻɳʯûһ顣
ڸҡ
С̫
á
ͷС̫ҲӦ
㾳Ȼ£пʮսͨԼڸǶŲκ⣬һܹɹ
ŸڵУܿģŸΧС̫ۣ漴̧ͷããա
΢΢һһѹΪֱһ뵽㾳Ρ
˵һһ쳹Ͽգշ·Ҫը˰㡣
ֻһ˲ѣŨƻ۶һ޴УһѪɫкƵɽִⷽ˲Ƕɵûζ£Ƭһɻֵ̿ĸо
䣡
䣡
䣡
һϻ죬֮ϵĽײϻۣԽԽǿԽԽ£ѹֺͻϢƺҪĥ
С̫ڸ֮⣬ŲϵĹǲɵһ¡
ֱǡ
˸
ȥϿգɫڣѪɫҪһ㣬ÿһſ׺ͨ㾳ǿߵܣۼ׶ɵõ
䣡
һ𣬻ѹֵϢԽԽ£Ƿϣ·һҪٶ¡
վڸģͷŲϵɵһƬ
췣̫ڿֲ
оⳡ췣Ŀ£ȴǲûʲô仯
˿޾塣
΢иֳһöɫͨ񵤣ֱз¡
̼䣬ѪĽµĸڵ涼Ϊ֮ѣǡٶȡʶȣʵڴ˿ʮ
漴һ̣⣬ɫ罻֯תͨʮսʩչƬһ
¡¡ģϵվֱŤǿϢӿһԶŻɽ˰㣬š
ʮսǡ
⣬𺳡
ʱɢϢ̫ǿˡ
䣡
ɫת·һ˫ͫףעŸĴ죬׼ɡ
һɹɾ쫷ڸںƵ
վڸģǰĺڷĿҰڶҲ졣
̧ͷ񷣬⽻֯һɫ磬н֯һɫâһ
ɡ
ŲϵĹ׷
ˣ
ϣըһ죬Բڵգȫ顣
漴һ̣һ췣֣ƺƵѹ£Ϊһ޴
쿴ѹµ׷ڿնɫ罻ֻ֯򵥵һȭӭϣһ췣ķ顣


һתĸǿᣬɢϢ£ɵҲڻҪԴһɽ٣ϴ
䣡
Ѫɫͬˮһ£С
Ѫɫ粢ǵڶ׷ֻⳡͨٵѣȴǷǳ£ÿһһͨǿߡ
漴úһ޴𣬵ڶ׷֣Ϊһޱߵ޴󣬱֮һ׷Ҳֲ֪˶ٱֳһ˲䣬ѹ䡣
н֯貾âǰڷ趯ɵͷɫ֯泯ڶ׷ӭϣ˼ɡ
תۼ䣬ɵȫûޱߵУһ̣ʮսһУǿȡ׵ԼıԴ
һʱ䣬ɵ飬ĺĸǿнһ׷Уһڱʹĺĸؾۣٴξ۳
ʱֻҵɵâԽŨǿʢǳ
Ժ쾧Ⱥųƶ챦ռʥɣô飬ֻҪ˲Ͳ𣬵Ǿˣ
⣬ĵ
䣡
ںϿգƱøӿиµĻƵ
һ̣׷ֱ֣ѹ¡
ڸģɵ֯ɫĺɹ⣬תɫøӳңһӭϡ
䣡
ŵ׷Ѫɫһѹ䣬ÿһǿֲǳˡ
޾壬ʮս׷ݺᣬһ߶ɽ٣һ׷֮ԼıԴ
䣡
׷֮һ䡣
֮ⷽϿգһ̶һ׹ⲻ䣬ѹֵϢʱԽԽ£һδγѹ¡
תۼ䣬ʱţһ̶ȥϵɢ޹գ»ָ֮ǰģƬռٴα
ȥʱĸķѣĲӣرٳʮɣǽڵл˿˿Ƶ绡ڽ֯š
Ϣɴڣȴڽı
ڸģȾѪĲӣطͷԿɵп飬Ʈűߡ
ڴϢгӿѪǽͨ񵤵ʮս㾳췣֮£ȴҲشʵΪɾ͡㡱̫ڿֲ
վǶ˹ȥ
ˣ
֮ϣ߲ɫ⽻֯һ߲ƸֶͷϿգֱͶ´Ƭ߲⣬С
̼ѣƵʼ޸Ѫ͹ڸ°͸°͵죬ܿȬһٶ
ϣһɵĲƬ𣬿ٻ۵ߣһɫϴӡ
ɫ⣬Ƕɹ֮зǳ˵
ˣ
ԡ߲ɫУܿ۷壬ɵҲ۶
Ҳʱϵ߲ƻɢȥ߲ɫͶ¡
վڸģͨ彻֯ԣѹ⡣
ڡ
лһĨտտ
ʱ򣬶ɹ㾳٣㾳оԼĸʵ˷Ծʽ֮ǰǿ̫̫ࡣ
Ҫǣһ̣һͬڵĸо
ָоǲ
Դ֮ţҪȥ⣬Ĵһ˿һӰ졣


1480 
Ϊﵽ㾳²ͬ٣ŵӰ죬ڴˣȻľΪǳҲɵһ˿֮С
Ͼǿ֣֮һԭֻаҿɻͨˣߵɾϡ䣬ɵһĸо
Ҳ㾳ˡ𣬺С̫һ˹´죬ܹĸо˿̵ǿ漴Ŀǰɵϣ¶տտĹĵҲǲˡ
ɵΪıԴʱһɹ㾳٣׷֮Ĵϴӣ֯ŵĺĸøŨˣһƵ绡֯⣬һӡӡ֮ϣԵ÷ǳˡ
ʱȻƷ𣬵ȴԿ϶ԳڣȻǺײҲûܡ
㲻
Ц
ɵԶͱռʥ쾧ɣҾ֮׷֮һδηϴӺʹĥȻǿᣬɱͷƥ
˵ţ΢ɵڣкС̫뿪
طǧڶạ̊́ɽϣȻûҪ¡
ܿ죬뿪ԶҰвٻߣһΰɽС
ҸطǾʬˡ

С̫Դﵽ㾳ƾżս԰㾳򣬲ҪٽǾɿʬˡˣѰطǾʬᣬϾʬʱǰܶæΪѾòǾʬֱ䱩ʬҰôδ̫ȱ¡
ͷ£һ޷Խһɽ֮Ѱһ浫ȴ˼ĵطԶ֣ڳһ򵥵Ĺӣɿʬȡ뵽ĹڣٽĹڸǶϣΪĹǰһ򵥵Ĺ
Ϊ֪ɿʬǰ֣ԣĹֻдϡ֮Ĺ֡
漴Ծ£кС̫뿪Զȥ
תۣʮɽ˦ǰһвʿ໥ʲô
û㴥ŭˣȻһնˣҶȡĴѵǳʯͨǸˣֻҪṩټǾܵõ͡
ţѾͨˣҼǵ֮ǰ˵ԷԦһɼʬɱûκ˿£ôȥͨģṩԷټ˵ò֪
Ѿˡʼڵ˵˵Ƿڣ˿һʹӴһˣʱԷʲôɶԷȴûͬ⣬ʱʹӵɫЩ䣬Եĺܲ죬ūȥӴˣȻ֮ǳ⣬ɱɿʬڴֻҲԸɱҡȻƲ⣬ԦɿʬˣǸˡ
˼ǡǸʹӣ֮ǰ֮ȥǸ˼ǸȴǾܾˣԴˣܲãȥնɱǸˣȴûгɹǸ˺ŭģԦɿʬɱҶǳȡǳʯ
ƺ
᲻ЩϽòƽֻǼ򵥵Ʋѣܿ϶İɣ
ȥЩϽֻƲ⣬Ʋȴ˵ʵΪ˵ʹӣ˴ӽǷмǵʿмӣΨнӴǸʱ˫ֵĺܲ죬ƺʧӡݣʧӺԽ͵ͨٽɿʬɱʱǾ䡮ֻҲԸɱҡ仰Ʋ⣬ǳϰɣ
⡭ȷʵ֮ǰɻ˵ͷ漴СĵǸʹǣǡҿ˿ѹøЩǾǾȡԹ˰Ȼôĵͨˣ
Σں˭˭ԣֻںɱԼһĴðԼһϡңһ㣬ȡǳʯ˵ˣȻҲһڳأͨǸˣһҪΪάԼһϣҪıǣҪЩǳʯȥΪˣһļ棬˵ӱչ˳
ʲôΪǸˣɼǿߣԴӱչ˳
˵
⡭ȻɼڣɼǿҪԶ֣
Ҳû취£Ǹɿʬһ֮Ȼ޵Уֻɼǿ߿ѹ˶Է
ϣʿۣϵıͬ
졢С̫ʱһξ룬ȻЩʿ΢΢˫ۡ
ˣ˼άֻǴʹӺǵĲӴٽԦɿʬʱ˵Ǿ仰Ʋɱ
Щ졣
ܹưǿգһڵһǿߣȻܻӹţܹƲ£˵ңǰ֣±Ͳѡ
ͷ⵹Ҳǡ˵ţʵǣô죿һǿѰʮսͨ񵤣֮ǰ˵ģҲԵֵסս޴󡣡˵ˣȽ⣬ֻ壬Ҿһδ٣䶼ǴͨڣսүС̫ԶҪǿ٣ڵΪͨ񵤣ʤ𣿡
ôʣС̫Ҳǲɵÿ졣
ҡͷʤˣսɵսɲֻʮҪʤɣƿصĸ뻹Ϊ١
˵ţͻȻһֹƫͷϷһƵĲ֮⡣
ôˣ
ĶС̫Щ档
ر𡣡
ĿطΪĵĶϷ
ɶʲô⣬˳Ŀȥһ̱Ҳ΢΢ݣˣһ΢⣺񡭡Ǻر𣬺ܲһ㣡
С̫ŶϷĽҲе΢ȻҲԶϷҲǸоر
ߣȥ

ĵԶϷ΢ƽ͡·ԵΪڵ̺࣬һɷǳҷǳ˵ĵϣȻʹ㾳εʱɵ΢Լǿʢһ˿ʵԾ
£С̫ͬʱնԼٳطĶϷȥڹȥԼһʱǰһͨС䣬ǵطñʱŵ࣬ӴһƬڴ


1481 Ů׺ѩ
ӲСԼ໧˼ңͨˣԼС̫طֻɨ۴ӣĿⶼֱֱڴǷڡ
ֲܴ󣬴ŷԲʮңĻҲߣҶ̣ŵɫĻеƮڸ
ĵһƵĴƮ
ƽ͡
ֻо̹ͨΪ֮ڼԶʱĸʱо𶯵ķԽˣǿ
ȥ
˵кС̫ս䣬ͽУܿ첽뻱С
Ϲһգ⴩͸һ껱֦֦Ҷķ϶ڵͶǵĹߣһʼһ뻱֣һʵĸоŵʱˣ
졢С̫Уо˵泩·ǵߣΪƬָȥ
ֲֻתۼѣߵģ
˵Ǵط
ֻǣѰķԴһȴǲɵñ˱ɫ
⡭
쿴ǰſڣû˵
ȥľȻһСĹȻСĹλô
һĹ
Ծ
С̫ʱҲǲɵõԲˮĴ۾
ڼԶоķǱѰһ·׷Ŷطȴ룬ԴءȻһ򵥵СĹ
ʲôˣ
һϵһͷ׵˴
һȣȥȻʮ꣬û˿Ԫ
Ȼֻһͨˡ
ʲôˣ
ߵǰʵͬʱҲԱߵС̫ȴδ̫⣬ΪʱС̫ûп˵ֻǵС̫ŵĳѣϾ˶г
ɨС̫ȻǽС̫ĳˣС̫ɫʾʱ³ĽɫҪͨˣԼǰĵ˼ãҲʲôɵˣֻڸкܺߵ
ʲôĻһ㡭
ͷͬʱЩ棺˼ң֪£𣿡
ʱһ֣Ȼط֪ġ
ԱߣС̫ûпڣȴһĨ΢⣬Ŀⶼֱֱ˵ϡ
֪֪ܲ۴汲£˶֪
˵ͷ
ԣһ¾֪ǻָǸС䡣
£ǲ⣬ģ֪Ĺط£ʵǸܸ𣬿ɷ㣿
̫һ㣬֪£ȻŪ
˿һĺ飬Ҳûоܾ⵹ûʲôġ
ԣǰǳķ˵һʯ¡
뽲
ĵ
˿죬Цŵ˵ͷˣɲˡ
£ͷҲǴӹүүȻˣͷӵүүҲǴϴΪǵʵ̫ԶˣԶ˵嵽ʲôʱϵ¡˵˵ܾǰסһλŮ״ˣǴźº͵ЦԭǴˣǴӱĵط
үү˵Щֲߺܶ࣬ﾭ˻ȥòܺõҽΣԴŮ״˰Ӻ󣬴ﵫκβߣŮ״˶ܼܺ򵥵κãκ鷳Ů״Ҳǻܼܺ򵥵ĽңӲȡκαꡣ
˵ţȻδλŮ״ˣϺȴǴһ𾴣¶һ˿źı飬ֻǣ˵Ů״˲ûڴãʮҵʱ䣬ȥˡ
֪Ůס֣ڹŴһʥƣԢΪܹͨŮӡ
ʱ˵Щûᵽ£Ҳ֪˲ܻʱԵ޹ʵȥλŮ״ˡ
˼ңλŮ״йأ
ʵ
˵ͷүү˵Ů״˻ܶණʮÿÿϾ֮ʱܻƬ︧١
˵ţվһߵĵСĹԱߣ񣬶˵ĹŮ״˵ĹŮ״˸ٵλãҲ˵ÿŮ״˸ʱ˶ÿ꣬úܾеƣͶһɨ⡣
˵ǺܾǰλŮ״˸ٵ
춯ݡ
ԡ˵ͷʵϣ˵Ů״˸ȥʱżҲǻģʱݣʱƺţûǵˡ
һͨˣһͨˣĳ󣬿ռﻹдŴǰٵ㲻Ծ£ֻǴһҲᾪȣȴûУʱֻг羴ء⣬ȫΪλδıŮ״ˣԹĳ羴Ĺϵ
֮󣬴һһѾڻŮ״µû뵽㾹Ȼ
˿ǰŮ׵Ĺֿ죬ʱеһ˿졣
Ҳǲ죬Ϊ˵Ļ˿кܳԾ
˵̬˵ġŮ״ˡ£ʵ£Ǵ˶׫Ĵ˵
ͬʱ˵ĻҲĵλŮ״ڵ¿ҲʮǰԷôõǰ︧٣ȻдûгɢһֱƮطʹǿĸоôλŮ״ˣԲͨˣһǿĴڣԶԶڵľ硣
ôǿһˣôһͨӣңľˣ£ѾǲĴˣͬ٣ôܻͨСϢţ
λŮ״ˣôȥģ
˵
ݳǵһֲֹȥģȥǰǻѪ̾ϢǰСĹ汲ĻŮ״ҽ˫ﲻκκβߣܺܿκãԼʱȴȻΪӦ֤һֱǾ仰ҽ߲ҽ
ȴǶݣȥǰѪλŮ״ˣ˺صˣ
߻ƣǰСĹĹϿСŮ״λ֡һ̣ĹǲɵԶݣΪĹĲʲͨʯͷΪ׸ʯʯʷǳӲͨ˵ҲӦ޷ϿֲŶԣȻͨʶʿҲ
ĹǵΪλŮ״
ʵ
⵹ǡҡͷ˵һͷѩǽŮ״˰ᣬĹҲͷѩ


1482 Ƭ
춯ݣһͷѩǰģ
˵ͷŮ״˺ºͺ˵ǵҩʱһֻС̣С̳󣬾ͷѩǡ˵̾ȳԵҰޣҲ֪ж˵Ů״ȥʱͷѩĹطʮգ˿ͷѩᡣ
쿴ǰĹĹϵġŮ״λ֣Ŀ˸
µĹӦòʱͨΪΪͨ˵ĴˣûڼӲ׸ʯϿӡĹģȻǽҲǲĵǣȴҲ뵽ΪʱŮĹĹĵĻһͷѩǡ
ж𣬰ԼţΪĹᡣ

ͷѩǣܹڼӲ׸ʯצ֣ʱӦѾһĵˣΪӦҲǴʶ
˵Ļһͯµĸо֪ʵģϵ˼٣׸ʯϵıģҲ˼٣ͨ˵׸ʯϿ֡
ƮƬУƽͣ·κƽ
оڲǿʢЩ
ˣ˼ңи֮룬ɷﵥһʱ䣿ƮŵǱѰоС̫ž޴ĺôڶʱΪ
˿죬ֿǰŮ׵ĹԶ˶٣ðɣʱô꣬㻹Ů״˵긧ٵǺŮ״Եһʱ䣬Ҳ޷˵ţ죬÷ǳࣺԲκβ֮£Ů״˵ȻֻڴʮţԴȴйĶݶǴʷҪˣ
ģԲطκβ֮£һһʯֻǾ
֤
˼ı飬΢΢ͷãǣͷҾˡ˵ţ˳ŻȥͬʱипͷҲ
쿴뿪ʧҰУ漴ƫͷ¿ǰСĹ
һΪԶԶˣĬĬӣڴڡ
ʵЩ벻
£Ҳû̫ȥ;ᣬǸŮ׼ȻӣȻĳԭ򣬶ԭûбҪ̫ȥ
ģһƵƮطƽͣһɷǷĵϡ
඼֪ˣúøǣдá
С̫˵
˽⣡

ĺôȻܹоĵĳЩ£Ÿղλ˵ĻҲ֪֪࣬ǵһλǳº͵Ů׾︧Ƭռڣ˶ˣλŮףΪԶԶҪǿ󣬷ʱܹȥôûܲƬռﱻֻҪĸС
ѽ
С̫ҲӦ
ʼɡ

£һ޸ҵһλã뻱еСĹܽ
СĹԱߵһʯ£̫ľתԼľԸ߶ȼУˣԸĲ׽ܸõĸ
ˣ
ת̫ľâȻ˱øӵ
ڣһƵĵϽţǣȴĲ׽󽫼ʶ뵽УеĵϽڣʼ
ʱ⣬ɫâøӳңĴҲʼǿ
ԽеĵԼĵ߼
ʿԣĵرһһʵõܹʹʿʵ
żмصĳЩǿһɽ磬˵ãʿĺôǷǳ޴
ˣ
첶׽Ĵӿâ֯⣬һԾ
ȵâʣʥܺ嫣ǣȴ˵ʲôĵ
ʱգΪﵽ㾳߶ȣԼƿصֵҲ֪˶ٴΣȻȴʼն޹ȫ˵ƿصĵʲô
Ψһ֪ǣֵǳǿᣬΪսƽ£ֵеУûκδԵסֵ
Уת̫ľʶطĵ֮ڣεеĵ̼ԼĵʹԼĵǿ
󣬺ܿ죬ĵâýʼŨͬһʱ䣬Ҳǿʼ׳Ȼ׳ٶȲܿ죬ȴҲԲ
ΪҲǸųڳڶȥ
꣬žĽǿΪĽǿ΢΢𶯡
漴һ˲䣬΢𶯵ͬʱʶڵеĵڵͬʱһ컭渡ʶСһ߰СŮģݣǺüûгԹ㣬ھһСʱصϸȡͷСŮ̻ʵĳţϸһߺͰЦš
ʱŮɳ·ͤͤŮ
֮󣬽ģŮģˣֻܿŮڲϱǿ߹һƬƬأйһ񷡣գرըĻԻģŮվһƬСǰһСУС壬ƺѰʲôϧȴǲûҵһɵ˼ȻС
С˺ܶ࣬Ůڴסʱʱ׿ҰޡҪʮȡˮԴĴڴһ򾮡һ𿪱ٸغͽΪ̴ֲĺʶ֡
ӵòԽԽãԽԽѣСĺͯһˣʧȥϴϴڻΪд٣ģҲƮڻУܰͻЦֱһ죬Ůڻڸ٣Ѫˮ֮ϣ󣬻ʹɢֻƵƮ
ǡ
쵱΢Щ潻֯Уǵ֮˵ļƬ
꾭СǸݵСŮɳ·ԽԽǿ󣬾ǣǸŮס
ݡ
һʶһζˣΪεǸǳΪŮ״ˡǿŮӻôͨСӡ
Է꼢֮ʱܹĴ˵һ֮·Ϊǿ󣬺ǿ󡣶ŮӲ֪Ϊ˼صˣƺʱ޶࣬ǻصܹݵС壬Ѱһ֮ϸˣҪرĶ¡
ϧȴûѰȻǴƮʶеǵȻУҲܸоһˡ
Ҳ֪ǸʱŮףҲͻأ⵽һ⣬Ǳǣͨ˵Ԫ޷ʿȣһ֮ϸˣѻܴôԶ
ǣŮڴס޷λϸˣ㽫Լ׸ӣֱ


1483 ǧ
ɫâʹ֮⽻֯⣬ˣѹֵǸǿŮ׻ᵽôһ򵥵Сԭʱܹһϸ˵һ֮
ЩпΪ˵һ֮ôǿһʿصСϸȥ󣬱ΪϸĬĬףԼʣʮɻʱ䣬ȫС壬ҲȥıĴǵۺͼֵۣеֻ緲һ㣬ΪӾҡ
ȶԷ̴ָУǴ·
һֵ𾴵ˡ
֯ƮƬڣ΢΢һԼƽǿʶУȥ̺ĵϣ
ĽɫâԽӳңĵâҲøӻ񣬾ٶȿʼÿ˲٣ΪٶȣҲ֮죬
ˣʱҴңһۣһʱȥ
һ죬ĽɫâʹâǱŨ㣬漴üļǹâ貣һɾ˵Ļӿϣֺܿƽ
һ̣˫ۣ侫â֯ʶһǿա
ڡ

һµʱ䣬ڵĵϣվɣһտڣꡢʶȽǿ࣬ԴҲ
վ壬΢΢һǴһ֮ʮۻ룬㾳ѹӵľˣâ֮ͬ°档
ܺá
һ̣ĸоԼı仯ս֮һǰǿࡣ
ңҪǣʱ򣬸ڣεΪǷǳȹ̣ǸողſҪȥΪ
һ漴һߵС̫߶УڱǿâҲԽԽŨҪ˶þܴﵽڡ
ǣûټʱߵһߣΪС̫
ˣһۣչȥ
һ죬ȺɷǷܽ֯С̫̳ڲΣǿࡣ
ڿգԭط
СӣЩ棬п𣿡
죬ѵõûͬǰΪ㷢˷ܵĺУʱĴСĹ
ԣԶݡ
Ҳˣ

ˡ
ͷ
ԱߣС̫ĽСӰ˾СצӣȻڱʾԼҲЩ档
ʱ򣬲ö˵ʲôһ޶ףЩ棬һ
һʱ䣬ĿⶼǲɵڻĴСĹϡ
Ȼ˵Է˷ǳصˣѾûж¿ɻǣΪһԽ㾳ǿڣܹΪһ֮ͬ˰ΪһͨĬĬԼʵү塣
̾
ĬĬͷĿǰСĹ
ͬԣλŮףȷʵֵþ塣
СĹС̫ҲǿţжɵЩ΢΢â
һۣʮȥ
߰ɡ

ѭã񣬵Ҳʱ뿪ˡ
С̫ͷۻĴŮĹС̫߳Сֺ֡߳ȥ˻ԱߵĴӣۿһŮ׵ǸʱĴĴǴľ˷Ů״ǸʱĴǿٵأҵһǰΪŮ׵һЩµǸˣͶԷ
ףͷ֮ȥ֣ҪǴϲ̵ʱ䣬ΪЩʲôģȴû㣬ʱӦѾ뿪˰ôðˣ
˱Ź֡
֮ǰΪе㼱£ͻȻ뿪£ûüкѾãָ˻ŵúϸ±𣬷ĻǾôһ뿪δЩ̫ʧ
ô˵
ʵϣʱ䣬С̫һֱ粽ľڻڣҲǰֹۿǸʱΪ˲ñ˴ԼС̫ϽʩΪˣ޷ǣ޷оǵĴڣԣʱȥڱǲûܿΪѾ뿪ˡ
Ļ˻ȻЦŵˣ治ԽӵľʵںܶڣΪм뿪󣬾Ȼⷵ
ֻӦ
ǳ
֮󲻾ã˸С̫߳С壬ԶǷ֣ŸԶȥ
һۣС̫гȥԶ󣬲֪һʱȥоʮɽǸ˦
䣡
ͻȻʱһɷǷӼԶ𣬼˱ԴϢֱӹᴩڣһһ
ȥڣǸλõĲϺһƬƬ֮һһ컨ɲ۶֯ŸֲͬɫۼʵڲϵһƬĺ㡣
ǻУһƴСİĿɹ۶ɣƬڵĻʰ㣬ɻݴӵĴλá
棬ǡ
춯ݡ
ǧ
ۡ
ǴصĹżܶ࣬νǰмһΪǧ꣬ڳǰһʱǻ󣬻ӳ컨
ܲһ㣬Ҫĳ֮ϣңڳǰƶֱֺӻήͬʱҲǷǳԶ絽죬ҲҪʮʱ䣬˵涼̡ܿ
ҲΪֿ̣ЧǳľˣǱżϼأһǧȫ죬ȫһʱ֮κһ󾳽ΪһС磬һ󾳽磡
򵥵˵һɳڵʿһȫǧʱڣҲֱӿɳڣڣȻǿҲûܡ
ң˵ЧĿ׹ǣǾʥҩ˶صˣֻҪûȥֻҪһ΢ڣֻҪ껹ûлҷתۼͻָ
һǧңҪˣ
𺳡
죬кҲǾݣֱֱĿǸط
ǸطǸطһǧңѾڱƽˣ
СӣϽģĳȥǳرԲܴһҪĿǰľ磬һԶͬʱﵽ벽ɾ⣬ҲСһֱӳϣʱǿڵΪ˵ֱ˺ϣǽȥ
˫۷Ź⡣


1484 ƨ
һǧļֵʵ̫ˣǹǼ˷ܡ
ûǰ㼤˷ܣȴҲǽ֯տտâǧȷʵŷǳ˵Чܹȡǵĺôȷܾ޴
ߣ
˵кС̫Ǹȥ
ٶȺܿ죬Լʱ֮ǰĸȥǰһƬɽȺɽ嶼ܸߴ֯ҲŨȥǷǳͨһƬɽȺ˺Ƭɽлǧ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһֱӱǿܼʿӸͬķѪŨǿߣȻҲΪǧ
Ȼ棬һ޲⣬Ͼǧļֵʵ̫ˣ󣬱µطһǧȻǿᡣ
ǧ
󣬺͹żмصһģһǧʲô
Ѿдǿ߸ϵ˵λɼǿ߾УƱҪᵽǧңƺмɢҲˣΪǧ
ʲôǿ߶ˣǣȥ˻ʲô壿òǧ
޴ǧҪܹǧͱضỹĵرңӦ١ǼɼǿֻȥǧȥЩĵر
ʿۣٶȺܿ죬Ƭɽгȥ
졢С̫Ȼ⼸ʿĿ΢
ǿ߶˳
ݡ
ǧһʱǿҲܴﵽɾûʲôֵġ

үȻ֪һ㣬ү˼ǣɼǿ߶˳ǲǾûϣ𣡡
н֯ŵĹ⣬ңңĿƬɽڣǿɲһ
ţĻԶݣа취ܹסǿߣʵڵΪϿʮսͨ񵤣ѾԵסɼǿ𣿡
СҡͷȻﵽڣͨ񵤣ɣҪЩ
ǣ
Ҳֻͨһֶ̡Ρ
ûϸ˵ǰƬɽкС̫ɽȥ
ٶȺܿ죬Ҳûʲôʿֺܶ࣬ת۱˿
һʱ䣬˶һ
ǡǣ
ͨ׷ɱˣɱҶȥȡǳʯǸˣ
ңһ̫ϳϺǿߣҲն˲١
Ȼ֪һǿҲطпǻмɼǿֱ߰ܵͶ
ӦΪǧΪƬɽڵĵر
̫˰ɣǿߣʬҲס
ֹǿߵס˵ɳ˲㾳ϣЯĳ󣬿ʿ壬ԦɿʬҲЩ㾳ǿߣҲס
ʿԶԶĶ죬Щ̲ס֮ܵۡǰĳЩƲԦɿʬɱ죬ͨ£Ǹʱ򣬲ʿֻƲ⣬ɺһֱ˵ͨͣҲͿԿ϶Ԧɿʬɱˣȷʵ졣
ʱЩ˼С̫һ
ʶĺǳԶľ룬±ΪʲôϵΪĵ⣬ǿɾͿ޶ûطȥˣ޴ѡ
Щ˷ǳɵĿ죬۵Ҳѹ÷ǳĵͣȻΪڵĲΣȻǽЩ۵ȫ˶С
ڴˣ첢û⣬ϣкС̫ǰɽȥ
ɽڣɽܶ࣬Уܿ߳ȥԶλá
һۼ䣬ӹȥ
䣡
ǰɽǿܽ֯дɼɵǿƥ
ǣ֮ǰ·ѾǸطˣ
ݡ
ȸϹȥ

ǸλãкС̫ٶȣһǿȥԶ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ͻȻһƿնӸͬһ˸˺ɫģϽǿӡķӡתۼ佫һм䡣
ҵˣ

𶯣ŸǿǳΪԴڡ
졢С̫ܵһ˸˺ɫģֿľŸ꣬Ǻƽ

쿴ž˵ЩһĹžˣȥҲ֪ˣʿ
ܣһ˸˺ɫĽ֯ϵӡ˸ԣʮȫ
ͬһʱ䣬ľŸҲվڲͬλϣγһֺϻơ
ǿգ˸Ҳ㾹ǰðҶҳĴﶯ֣ҳȡǳʯʵǵ죬ʵǸ
һ˵Ŀ˸ҲһɱŨ
Уɱɱˣˣôƨ
̡
Ÿ˿ɫһԵøӱ䣬ɱŨҡ
һ˿죺Ȼɵģ
ּȻѾ϶ɱ˾죬ʱ㻰ǵԸӵĿ϶ӱ㡣
Σ쿴ˣôܵǰɱң
ʵϣȻ֪ŸҪɱֻôһˡ
أðҳΪ㻹ܻȥ
Ŀпᣬűܽ֯
һ˸˺ɫѹܣʮռ䣬ǿʼһޣҪնɱһޣңҪѱߵǳʯȫ
ž˱һҲԵ÷ǳƽ
İ
žŸ˵
С̫ĹȻǱźһ˼
ŸӲпᣬһĵΪоʬΣǻ᲻֪£зѹƣ˭ҲƿزǾʬҲУ˵ţһһڱڳܼ֯ƣϢɵʮŨðҳǶֻһ
ɱ
еһ˵һʱ䶯֣ԺܳѹϣҽԱߵС̫һУǿҵܲһŵ̼ĴƬա


1485 
Ÿһ˶֣Ҳͬʱ֣һʱ䣬Źɺͬʱ졢С̫ѹ£ӿҪĥһС
ңͬһʱ䣬˽ıҲһɵ䡣
ʱ¡¡ģϢƵƬռڵÿһ䣬еɱ⣬ת۱䵽һǰ
̧֣ͼԻ֯һеӭϾѹĹ
ͣ
һ죬ѹɱܣȫͼ
㣿
ɫǺɱֶΣҼһ˿ɱȴȻ򵥾ͱ߽ˡ
ô
˿죬һ˲𺳵ı飬ǰˣôǿ󣿣
˵ˣ
žˣ˵
ƽսپúǺʱ䡣˵ţһ̼ǳھеһǰֱ̧֣򵥶ֱӵһȭ¡
ˣ
մ𶯣ֻƾŴȭǣȴֲĺˡ
ʧɫΪٶȶΪȭƶ㡭
ۣ
ǿһȭֱӽķ飬ͬҲһС
ڣҲǴڣ֮ͬ£һôܳܵǿֻһȭһȭɱԷʵ̫ˡ
ôܣ
˵˸һɫٱ䡣
ֻһȭѣɱһ㾳ڵǿϣ
䣡
ƵһߣˣֱӾһͨŵİеһ֣ǿѹգۼǽ˸ķ顣
Է꾪ֵӳɲŶݳԶӭʶɱ͵һķѣֱ
Ϊޣҵ޹ڶ飬Դǿ࣬Ȼô̬ҲԱȵһ壬ͬڣһܹסսǳǿ
ѽ
С̫˫һһƬɫƮһڳϸֱ֣Ӹѹ
Сս죬СһҲǣ֪ʲô壬̬һͿɫʵЩˡ

ȷʵ¡
ͬУСһɫĺܲһ㣬ֱǵ֮һ㡣
ô˵ţСһ漴ߵˡ
Ѹٽ
С̫
ٴζˣһеһǰֱӻȭ
Ϊļ㳤Ϊ׵һˣƿѹǰݺһԼܣֱӽڱޡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģıŲԣĵâɭˡ
ߣ
һһ׶ΪͨǵĻĹܼãʱѹϳΪ쿪ɱ·
ϴ󾪣㡭˵ƿΪһɽһֱţȴ룬һҲƿʱ޷֮£ײɵֱʹ޷죬Ҳ޷Ĺκη

һĮȭͷʱѹ£˵ؿڡ
۵һ˱޿ɱܣֱӱķѣҲһɢ
쿴ǿɵɵʱʧȥƿأֱӳ֣ԼٶȽ֮ץУӡӿɲǼ佫ϵ˵ľӡȫĨ
һʱ䣬ɱľ˻ʣˣһĻһ
ô
˾֡
֪ƿһʬ׼ʮĺɫΪ壬ʹ졢С̫޷ԦǾʬ֪ƿһıԣҲһۺţֻҪѰ죬׾ٵĽѹնɱϴɱĳ裬ͬʱȡߵӴǳʯ
ȻĻȴǲ
棬еĿȫһһˣȫûжʬҲֹһҲУֻתۼĨɱĸڵĳϣңǴڴҲߡ
ΣҲûϵ
ߡߣ
һ˲ˣԶɶݡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳˣ㳯żԶȥٶȿ켫
һ̣ȫ˳һ˵ʵǿĿֲûʬҲԲЩ˿Կˡ
쿴Ӷݳȥˣ鵭Įֻǿһǰ
ͬʱһѾٶˣǣȴȻһ˲׷ǣǵǰ·ض
㡭
ﬣ
̧֣ŸմǸжɵֱնһ
ವһһѿռ䣬ת۱Ƶеһ˽ǰ

ҽд飬ֱӱһն
ϾһڵΪıһһʿοܳܵˡ
תۣ˵ľˣʣˣһĸˡ
֮ǰǾƬɽ£ǶҪѹնɱɽȴˣǾˣתۼ䱻նˣֻʣˡ
䣡
Ϣɵƿ׶ʱջһеһס֮ķ飬壬Ҳһڡ
С̫Ĺ¡ɫٴסеһˡ
ǿǳסתۼ
תۣ˵ľŸǿϣʣˡ
졢С̫һ˴һϣΧġ
ʱɱǿߣɫԲҰ׵㡣
ġ
һ˲
һ˿ڣ촽£㡭ǱˣҳҳλƬɽ䣬ǡٶ֣һᡭᱻҳλ֪ʱ򡭡Ǳɣ
쿴ˣһģһвıû˿
ﬣ
֣еɵٴն£ĵɳֱӾˡ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըɱˣͬʱը
ͬһʱ䣬ЩɱʱͷõʮģҲһȵ±飬Ƭתۻҽ
οԼ
׶ڡ
콫ǸǶɵĿ⿴λõһ䣬ǸطȻ֮ǰǵλãǧλá
ʱǸλŷǳŨҵϢɵӿ
ңɡ
ɼǿ߾𣿣
ǸȻҲǸӦǸλŵϢĿ΢΢һݡ


1486 
ɽ䣬ɵ򷭹ƺڽżҵĶǸλһһԵһ˽Ϊ֮ݡ
ߣȥ

ǧǸλϣкСֱ̫ӳǸλöȥ
һٶȺܿ죬֮󣬺֮ܿǰǵĵط
䣡
ҵǰײӰݺᣬϢɵΪ֮
ȥǰӰսһ𣬸⽻֯żǿϢߣһڻҵĻɫڣȻһͷǳǿޣֻǣΪ̫֯ǿˣԿڵıʲô

һŭڴããգˡ
ңʲôֻܿһ˫ɭͫףɱ⡣
뵲סˣ𣡡
ÿ
ˣֻ
ĮԽ֯⡣
Ƭռ䶼ɱԵܸˣ߽ԴɾڣеĹɱ֮ȫѹֳڵǵǿޡ
𣡡
죬ԿߣһǿҪâ
һƬأֲͬɫʣзԲ߰ң˸ĵرܾˣ·ɵİ㡣
Щĵرм䣬Ƭм䣬һǸλãִɫǰֻǻ״̬ĶȻʢ졣
İףѩҪ㣬ѹһζ
һ̣Ƭصġ
ûдǧ
춯ݡ
ƬС̫ʱڼԶһλϣʱ괿ɫһʱǿԿ϶ȷȷʵʵǧ͹żмصһģһң־˵㣬˼٣ֻںԶĵطζһΪҪͻƵĸо
ǰκδ
˫۷Ź⣬ֱĶסɫˮû
С̫Ҳġ
Сӣа취ڶԿɣҪУֱӳȥ

˵⻰ʱĿȴʼϣһı顣
ȻЩǿԶԿн֯΢⣬Ҳڿǰʱʵٳ֡ңǧڻ죬ƶλãڳֲѵʱ
ȻԣеǰսţʵȻǧǰһʱڣٳ̶֣뿪
ͷĿǰƬǧء
ңͬһʱ䣬طҲʿҲڿƬأڿƬĵǧŹ⡣Ǻܿ죬ЩʿĿֶ䵽ƬϵЩĵرϣΪ֪мڣǧǾ;ûһ˵ķݣǽעƬϵĵرϣЩĵرȻԶԶǧҲԶǼֵܾˡ
ʱȴǶûʿҶȥȡĵرϾɼǿƬսо˵ĻƬռڽ֯ʱһҳȥժĵرһСľ͵ò֡
䣡
ⷭӿռ䲻𶯡
ǰɼһ߹ɱͷǿޣһ߶ڶн֯տտľâеĿ̰εס

⸲ǿâǧ˫ĿɱŨ
ӿȵѹʮɱߡ
ǣǧػ𣿡
ԶڳеͷǿޣĿ΢΢һݡ
쿴˿ǡ
ͷʲôޣʲôСӣܹõ𣿡

ڣΪҲǿˣʶҲܾˣʱȴ޷ͷŵֳâ޷޵ʲô
н֯һƾâͷǿޣκҡͷ
ԱߣС̫ĽٲȻڱԼҲ˼
ǵУ֯ɵ֮µˣӦ޷ǵġ
˵
ԣͷӦþˡ˵ţĿ⿴ߣ΢΢˫ۣ棬ǸߡߺͽߣȥӦɼˣ֮ǰǾŸĳƵϢ
û
ͷѾ˳
УֱۡۺͽۣѪԺܻ񡣶ˣһͷַһźڼףƺɢɡ
ǰȥһıȽϣͷ޵ҪǿһЩ
ҪǿһЩûǿ̫࣬ҲǴɳڡ

䣡
ǰܹϢɵƵһһεı顣
ڳеȷʵǿ󣬱߶Ҫǿᣬʱȴһһһս壬ˣߵĺϹ֮£һʱԵ÷ǳǱһδαߺˣһѪˮ
ֻǣȴǺ׿񣬳ɱˣκ˿
סˣգֻһ
ɫ˿飬ֶΣɱͷޡ

˫ĿɱŨһֲⲻϻ
ߣ
ߣָ
һʱ䣬һսһ𣬿ӿ⺧ţܻһС
飡
ޱɣƬѪˮ£Ϣ˲١
ԶԿǿߣȻǿȴĲǶ֣ش
ֻǣȴʼղˣǧ˿һ
ŭȣϢɵ򷭹ͬʱߡ
Ŀߣɱѹ䡣
һսâƵңʱʱѪˮͷ޲ⴴ
תۣʱȥ
һͷޱĺɣԵ
ԿâϢȴ˥̫ࡣ
ˣ
ҫ۵⽻֯ǧɢ˵Ĺâٶſ
ɫĻ꣬ʥ߽ࡣ
˵㣬Ƶʮ
̶ѣΪطҫ۵Ĵڡ
ˣ
˾
Ƭϣн¶ĹâȫǿƣǧȥǧˣϽ֮ȡУΪһ飬ɢɸΪӪʱʼ໥ˡ
֮ǰҪȡǧȽͷǿޣԣͬʱֺϻޣʱ죬Ϊ˾ߣȻҪԵ̷Է
ͬһʱ䣬Զ졢С̫ǽ¶â
СӣʱˣʲôֶΣϽչȥ
˵


1487 ŮС
ǧ죬죬˶ˣȻʿûǰ˼ʱȴҲĿ˷ܣס˸ʵǧӵеļֵЩˣ֮£κ󣬶һ󾳽Ϊ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ̶ˣɺɢɷĳ
Ǹطǧϣһƹâ֯貶ͣ󣬻꣬컨ݣһδδŵĹľȫ͹â֯ɣֱطһķ羰
ʫ
续

Ůʿ̲ס૵ĵŵķ羰ʡ
ɼǿߺɢɸǼ˷ܣʱǽٶȷŵĸ죬һ㳯Ѿʢǧȥ
ʱҲˣн֯貾âǧλÿȥ
𣡡
һϲáͷŭ𣬻ڳе޺ХɼǿߵϹ£Ѿ˺صˣʱȴͻأһɺ嫿ֲѹڳһʼҪ£һͷԵɱڤħһ㣬ֱֲӽʮռ顣
һֹסŲԼٶȺˡ
ңѾȡ׼̷Ŀʮսͨ񵤣Ҳʱûз¡
ȼձԴ
ݡ
ʱͷɢϢͻȻֲ̫࣬䱾Դû
ȻȼԴǿս
ɼɢҲǱɫȻҲоͷʱɢϢĿ£˶ԷȼԴǿսʼȫʢʱҪǿ࣬Ĳ¡ʱѾǰԸˣԳǿط볯ȥ

ңȼձԴսǿɱͨһɱͬʱƽɺɢɡ
ʱ۵ģɺɢɺɣԴڿѪ
ȼձԴޣʱսǿˣ
һ͡ǿߣ
ʿļ¡
ҲǶݣʱͷޣίʵЩֲʱûг֡
ˣ
ǧɫϣʱ򳹵ϣʱƣԽԽ࣬컨ľɹ۶ݻһĻ档
ڳâеޣֻһ˫ͫԿüʱǧϲúͼ·ǿԼһа㡣
춯ݣȻȫû˫ͫпκһ˿̰ͿͻأһֺĸоͷޣƺҪΪС
𣡡
쳹ʮڳâеʱûȥɻ˵ɺɢɣСâǧͬһֵɫһڳֱڿն𣬳żԶȥ
ٶȷǳˣһαԶ
ǧˡ
ǧѾ죬ʱ򲻴뿪ȱ
⣬ȷʵǡ
ʿ
׷
һڿնԼٶȳŻڳâеͷ޳ȥһμԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ƿɢɣҲ֮һ׷ȥ
Сӣ׷ȥ
к
ˣС̫ߣԽɫС̫ڿնҲ׷ȥ
ңΪܹɼǿߵٶȣʱֱӷһöͨ񵤣ʵȻʮٶͻȻʮһᴩһƬƬ̮ʹøһʿݡ
ǡʲôˣôٶȣ֮²˿Ծ߱
ȴɺɢ⣬ɣһֱڰпţ׼Ż
⡭壬ֽɫ̫Ŀˡ
ʿ𾪡
һ̣ʿľֶʧˣĿⶼ֮ǰǧƬϡʱǧͷ޴ߣ⼸ȫ׷ȥǿȥժƬŵĵرˡ
һʱ䣬ವģطʿˣƬϳȥ

ʱѾ뿪ƬɽԶͨʮսٶȷǳ죬С̫βǼɺһ·׷ȥ
ʱ̷ͨ񵤺ٶȷǳˣȻɻȲɼǿߣɲȴҲǺܴ׷ǰǼɣڱȫ˦
ң׷ͬʱѹԼС̫Ϣǰɷ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰܷϢɵӿɺɢ׷ͷޣʱĳ֣ɱ⹥ɱͷޡ
ʱȻǧУȻͶǵĹĿꡣ
⽻֯ŻҵâȼռԴƵһһɿֲϢӭ˵ɱ⣬ͬʱٶɺܿ죬һ̶ķȥ
ȼԴʱɢϢǳˣǣʱĽƣһɼǿߣȴǴƣⴴ
Ѫˮһա
𣡡
ٶȱǣƺǽȫٶϣһ̶ȥǧ԰Ȼǰ
ǧƶܣһһ
ľɲݡ񻨣໥֯һܣۼ
ԴǧΣ
һɺȵĸһ֣ͨ
תۼ䣬ɱǰϣըһƬƬѪɫա
ֻǣʼղͣ£ȼձԴǧٶ
ǡ󷽣ţһĻ¶ɫɫȻүҪõסϣڱУǡ
ǣʱ죬ѾȡУΪʲôֱ£ʱ˴ţº޷ҲС̨׵Ϊµ˲սǣɺɢɡǣȴֻǻǧһ·ߣǼɵһδιΪʲôҪôų˦Ǽ˺ǧԿ뵽ɲ𣿡
ǳ⡣
ԴҲܲף֮ǰͷ޵ûһ˿һĶǧ̰Ϳ󣬶ԷѵĲ뽫ǧΪУǣȻ뽫֮ΪУΪҪΪƴ
ѽ
ԱС̫ͷһֻСצӣָڳâеͷһ·ǰǸ
쿴Сָ̫ŵķ򣬶˶ٺɫ΢䡣
Ǹ֮ǰȥСŮǸСķ


1488 ͷѩ
춯ݣͷڳâеޣһ·ŮСȥ
ı飬ʱ˳Ŀ⳯ǻڳâеǰķȥҲǱɫҲϳŮСķ
ѵǸС壿ǣߵķúСķһ£
ɡ
ü̫ȷţš
ԼС̫Ϣȼɺ׷ϡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰɺɢɳâһƬƬգһһڻڳâеϡ
ѪˮһƬһƬ
ڳâеޣϢڲ˥䣬ȴһֱǰ塣
һֻٶȣǰ壬һֻסϵǧǧܵκ𻵣ֻм΢СһڷֵɵĹ
뿪

ֻ
ȼ̹ǡ
ڳâеֻһ·ǰ壬ϳɵĹ
ǧķǳã˵ԽԽأϢԽԽ˥
͵첻ϴҵâĻ飬¶塣
һѩףëȴȾһƬƬѪˮطѪģ
һͷǣɫǡ
졢С̫׷󷽣޵ı壬ʱǶݡ
ǡѩǣ
΢΢ʧɫ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ҲĿ¶â
ǰѭһѰŮС壬סһʮֵ𾴵Ůףһ˵ŮºԴй¶ݣһͷѩ̣ŮĹǳѩ
ǡǸŮ׵ѩǣΪŮ׽Ĺͷѩǣ
ˡ
ˣͷѩһֱСķ壬ѵǶ߷һ£ǱڳǸСȥѵǸŮ׾ѩǣ
ߣ
ڻصɳ飬һɱⲻ
Щɱɵǳȫǰͷѩϡ
ѪˮѩϽ
Ϣ˥͹ȡ
ȾѪطĹͷѾԿҲԼɼǣѩû˿ͣ٣ֻһֱǰ壬ֻǿϵǧ
ҲʱǰһС壬Сһ࣬һƬ֣Ҷ̡
𣡡
ѩ˻ѾȴдԵ飬мбˡ
ವһٶͻأ࣬ѴƬգһ˲뻱С
󷽣졢С̫ǳ׶ݣΪǿĿȻˣʱźԶľ뿴ˣͷѩǣ嵽˻еŮĹǰ
ͷѩǣ
𾪡
С̫˸
һ̣ûˣͷѩǣǵǸŮ׾ͷѩǣΪŮ׽Ĺͷѩǣ򣬶Էôǰ嵽ŮĹǰ
ǰɺɢҲǿѩǳеŮĹǰܷɵ֯ҲŻֳȥ
ңʱһ飬ɢɸΪӪһοʼΪʱѩڻûжˣƺٶӣҶԷϢѾ˥͹ȣκһûв
Ҫȡǧֻ˴˻в
ˣǿʼԷ
ٶȼ죬ಣתۼǱƵⲻԶŻڳ롣
Ŀ⣬Ƕǧ
ﬣ
ʱ̶Ľ쳹ϵ£󷽣϶֣ʮӵսն콣еһͨǿƥĽâҪǳ
һ̣ΪҪǧ֣ʵϣڻ֪ѩǵıʱŶԷƴǧȴ˿Ҳûжǧ̰ͿʱѾǧ뷨ֻǶڶԷΪǳɻ
ʱѩǵı壬³˶ԷǵǸŮ׾ѩǣΪȥǸŮ׽ĹѩǣˣǾ͸ȥǧϾС̫ΪǸŮ׵õ˲СĺôңλŮ׷ǳֵ𾴣ǸŮµѩǣǸΪŮ׽ĹѩǣԷǧŮĹǰôܻ˼
һֵ̣Ŀĺܼ򵥣ֻΪ˲ɺɢǧ
ܲµõͷѩһ·ǧŮĹǰһĳԭ
ٶȼ죬˲䵽ɺɢɽǰ
ĽƻƬգһ˼ǧϵɫȫû뵽˻ӺâңÿһâǷǳǿᣬնҲ죬һ̸ܺͳֵֵգۼǱȫС
˭
ͬʱɣɵĹ˷ŭ𣬹ȥǧԶľ롣
Ȼͬʱ֣
źɳȥɣʱû⣬Сֻ̫һǿ뻱ڣġ
Уÿһ껱ߴ󲻴׳Ҷ̣΢ɫĻ䡣
ѩǻȾѪطͷԿüȴǧʱŮĹǰѪѪѾû˿վ
ǧɢǧŵĹǰ
ˡҡˡ
ͫѾû˶󣬸ͱˡ
ָӵ֯һ
ǧʧȥĻƣһʱ䣬׳ʣʱɢ࣬һꡢݡľ񻨽֯۶ɣ֯һʫ续羰ĵŮĹƣ󣬽ȫǡ
С̫뻱֣ѩ˴ģѩűѩǷŵŮĹǰǧ󣬽˸
֮ǰѾ³ͷѩǾǵŮ׾ͷѩǣΪŮ׽Ĺѩǣʱ򣬵ǰһĻĻ̲סݡ
ѩȥ
ѩǻȾѪȻܸӦڿΪǧ
뻤ŮĹǰǧȴΪѾ˵̫ˡ
һ̣ѾϢ˥䵽͹ȣڷɿš
С̫һѩǽǰ
ѩǿ˿У¶ŭͲʡ
ӭʱ΢ڶԷѾûжɫͫУһģĻ桭һƬɽ䣬һɫϣһŮɫĵһǰűһͷСѩǣѩиλõë˴ƬƺǸλ֮ǰܹˣ˱κˣɵëʱȴ
ǧʮ꿪ʱ򣬺ƯܺÿŮӿĴ磬ͣһ˿źϧҿʱķ羰ˡ
ȾѪѩǣͫеȻ˲Ϣţƺĳǿҵִ쿴Ȼ棬ͫʲɵþ
㡭
ŻȾѪѩǣһʱ䣬˵ĳֶݺݴˡ
еǸŮӣǵѩǵǸŮףԷ޾ǰǧ磬һп
пʱСѩμ֮ŮţѩΪ佨ĹһֱŮ׵ǧ緢Ǿп޾һֱǧϣǧƴŮĹǰֻΪˣŮ׿һǧʱֺÿķ羰


1489 
ʮǧСѩһֱɳɾΪԼֻΪ˵ԼŮ׵ġ뿴ǧʱķ羰ǾпΪпǧԱʮ꣬ȴ컨ΪпȼԴҲҪǧŮĹǰ
оؿڱʲôײһ£ΪһпĬĬļʮ꣬ȻǧʵϣŮѾȥ޷ɾˣͷѩȴôˣȼԼıԴƴԼôˡ
ŻȾѪѩǣԷ飬жôأжô
ԱߣС̫ΪĺܽҲǴѩп˵ŮǧǰпĻ棬ʱһǲɵþҵ˸
㡭
ѩǣͬһ㣬һʱ˵
һʱС̫Ǳѩһˡ
ˣ
Խ֯ǧ׳ʣݡľ컨Ƚ֯ԽԽ࣬ŮĹľ컨ƣҲǣֹ⻪֯
쿴һĻΪӣڻݲʵûʲôһƬжôôƯһ̣Ȼ棬ŮĹǰĻȾѪѩǣоŶԷ飬Ȼô͵ҲɵþãǰһĻ¼ķ羰ʲô羰ȣ
˶٣ǰѩǰڻȾѪѩϣ̫ʮսЧƵ⣬һƵĳѩӿȥʥ˿̵ѩ塣
ֻǣһ̣΢£ѩǴ˿̵״̬Ѿǳ⣬Դȼ˴룬ѾװȻʮӺսʩչ̫ʱҲκѩǵˣڣ½ǿ߳Ҳ޷κá
ͷȻȾѪѩǣƶĿ⿴ǰŮСĹŮĹǰǧ˶٣ػô꣬Ѿˣķ羰λŮףҲѾˣڣ˰ɣ򡭡ġ
ȼԴɼǿߵĲпṥɱһ·嵽ѩǲⴴʱ˵̫ˣԴϢڲţһֶΣѩǵҲΨǰǧԽѩκá
ѩǵϢڲ˥ĶĻһ¡
ԭΪҪǧʱгŷŭͲʣȴ룬ʱȻˣǧ塣ңΪҪǣĻУ˳ƺ֪Ů׵һЩ¡
һʱ䣬еĶķŭͲֱʧˣѪ˵ʲôȴѾϢԽԽ΢в㣬ʱϨ
ɣǲȻĻǧڳһʱڲͻήҽ쿴ѩǣ˵ķ羰ѾˣĻİ֮أѾ㹻ˡ
˵ţ֣׼ȡѩΪʱѩԼǧѾûˣû
ȻԭѾ޷ѩǣʱȴ·ǻعⷵһ㣬Ҳ֪ͻأǺצǧְ
ǰֻһ˲˲ĿŮ׵ĹͫУû˿η壬Ҳû˿Ƭ
㡭
ſڣû˵
ʱѩУֻһáǧĻ󡱵棬õĳŮĹǰĹ⣬ֹ⣬ܹĶ
ûҪλŮףҲȥ
Ȱ⡣
ֻǣѩеĹûκθı䣬ֻһ˲˲ĿǰŮĹ
УûжԼη壬ֻһͱˡΪԼǧŮĹǰ㣬ΪԼŮ׵Ŷˡ
쿴ؿ΢Щƣһαݺݴ
ԷǾͺǣǧԼһԲˡ
ǿӲİԷǧǣŶԷŮĹ񣬿ŶԷѹԼȥȡǧϵצȴʲô
Էǧʮ꣬Сʱһ·ɳɾֻΪ˵ȴǧ羰õĳԼŮ׵ĹǰԸŶԷȹʮ꣬ˣȥŶԷ
䣡
ͻȻǿӿһɿϢӻ籩ϯ
һʱоȷ籩ǿᣬֱ̧֣ʮӵսʩչӡһͼԼ˴ѩǡС̫ԼǰŮĹУԻǿ籩ȫֵ
ܵĻȴȫ飬ƬľĻ֣һƬ
ɺɢ֮ǰɣʱȫ˻һ˳ֻٵƬ֣ͬʱӻ⳯ŻĴ
һ۱ǶŮĹǰǧн֯â
ͬʱҲȻ˴ѩǣ졢С̫
㣡
ɶ죬нһĨ⣬ɱ˿Ҳڡ
ǰɱҶǳʯˣط
ղŶǳֵģҲ㣿
һ˶죬ܱ
һ̣죬Ӻ䣬ɢɵĿ⣬Ҳ䣬һ̶Ӧ˳֯ŵϢ֮ǰǵǵȽâϢһģһ
ܿ죬˵ĿٴŮĹǰǧϣΪʱǧΪҪġ
ʲôˣ
ͻȻһŭ
ֱƻɵĶɲССڣһڴȻǱˡ
ʱӴ˳ŻֱƻĲӣŭƬڿǴʷҪˣǴҪһڣ񣬾ȻƻĲƲлȫݻٵˡ
ͬʱǧ֯ʱҲһڴУ˶ȻϾЩͨˣ
ֻһ˲ѣһ̣ЩĿٴڱƻĻϣٴ¶ŭı顣Ȼǧ֯ЩƽصĴǸԭطĻ֣ΪŮ׵İ֮ء
ЩУеΪ콲Ů׵һЩµǸˣʱ죬ϳ죬ңΪ֮ǰӣһЩҲ죬ʱȻҲϳ죬һʱ䣬˶Ŀϡ
ˣô£ô£˭ģ˭طƻģ
Ϊ콲Ů׵һЩµǸŹǰŭʵ


1490 һ
ŹȣԵúܷŭ쵽ô£ⷽǴӷǳҪĻ֣ǴӷǳҪ˵İ֮أȻƻӣȫĻưܵأԹȵأֵνطƻôưܣֱһ޴֡
漴һ̣ĿϣԱߵȾѪѩǣһʱ䣬ͻأһǣŻȻȾѪѩǣ¶֮ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬طӴ߳ķŭʱҲǿԵͷѩǣһǱ鶯ݡ
ѩǣǣ
ôʹͷŮ״˵ѩǡô񣿣
⡭
ŻȾѪѩǣʧɫ
ӣλŮ׵ºͶݣӷ˾޴ı仯ŮȥΪŮ׽ĹͷѩǣϻʦѩΪŮʱģһֱţڣˣǷȻôƾõ£ѾûʼǰȴҲܹĳͷѩǣǰԵѩǣȫһģһ
桭ǡôܣǶǶǰˣôܻõڣ
д𺳡
ôˣôô˵ôأҰҧ𣿣
˿ѩǣ΢Щʵѩ˵̫ˣȾѪطͷԿЩͨĴԣЩˡͬʱͷѩǺ͵ΪŮ׽ĹͷѩһģһȻҿ϶ľǵΪŮ׽ĹͷѩǣȴһиУ񣬼ѩ˵֮أһϢҪɵЩۡ
ѩأϢڲ˥һҲֻһ˲˲ĿŮĹ
ȫ
쿴ͷѩǣѾ֪ܹ˵ʲôˡ
֪ͷѩǵǸŮȣһֱǵŮ׵Ķ飬뱨ŮȥΪ佨ĹŮп뿴ǧʱķ羰һֱǧԣƴ֮
ڣ˿˴ǧ壬Ϊһ֣ȴԸԼҲҪǧķ羰õĳŮĹǰܾҪǧ⣬ˣ˵ʲôֻܱԷΪ
հɡ
ͻȻŲ𣬻⣬ɺɢɿʼ
ɣĿŮĹǰǧϡ
ǵĲӲ죬һӪɢɸΪһӪһӪһ߳ǧһ໥
ƫͷ˿Ȼ֪ҪʲôҪȡǧ
˼ңشȥűɺɢɣŹȵ˵ﱻƻ£Ժٺǽ͡
˵ѩǣֹͣת̫վԻ⳯ŻĴ׼ȡԼɢɡ
ˣҪʱȡǧԸ
Ҫս
ʵȻĳҪʲôҪɶȡǧ
ͷСһط˵ǼһǧŮĹԼطĴǡ
꣬λŮ׽ĬĬ׸ӣΪӾУֻΪ˱𵱳Ĵλϸ˵һ֮ͷѩǣʮػǧƴǧŮĹǰԸҲǧǧʱķ羰õĳŮĹǰֻΪ˵ԼλŮ׵һп
ǰ߻ǺߣǶǽ֮һֿĺء
ǰ߻ǺߣǶԡ֮һֵΪж
ͷѩǣԷΪλŮһУؿ΢Щ¡
һ̣Ϊ˵λŮס뿴ǧ񿪻ʱķ羰ĸпΪѩǡԸҲҪǧʱķ羰õĳŮĹǰԸҪսκʱȥŮĹǰǧ
ңڲǰС̫طΪλŮ׵긧ʱµõ˲СĺôλŮ׸ʱ䳤ӸһڶݣȻֻΪڿԽʱĶݣҲȥػŮйصһС
ģүСһһطĺúõģ
֣˵
ʱҪһ֮ͬʱλɣûܲܵסΪ֮ǰѾ˵ͨ񵤺ĳַܺɼǿһս
ȻȫûкǿһսʱҲ֣Ϊ˽죬һԵˣ֪ŮסԼͷѩǼֺ֪ѩΪŮһк󣬾;Թۡ
ѽģ
С̫Ҳһı飬ٲȻźһ˼
һĻǸŹȵ˵ɫ
ǡڽ
ĿԾ
֮ǰС̫ΪС̫ĳȴ룬ʱͷеĳȻſ³
ͬʱҲ¶ɫȻҲǱС̫
Ȼ˵ˣЩͨ˵Ĵԣʵ̫˼ˡ
쿴Ще𾪣û˵ʲôǿȥ
ȡ
˼֪첻ǧΪղžѩԣǧһȡ뿪ˡǿ˳ƺͷѩĳֹϵʱ򣬽ֻҪ˶ȡǧ
ŮĹǰѩǵѾҲܶϢڲʧʱƶŮĹ䵽ϣ˫ͫУ΢΢Щ˸һʼ쿿ΪҪǧǣûУڣһ˶ǿߣȻΪ˰סǧУ޾м
ߣ
𣬽֯ɱ
ɣֱۣۺͽۣУ߿ڣĿ죺ðղŰҵȳ͵ϮһߣѾǷ˱֮ԺҪն㾹ҵҵǰ
һߺߣҲĿ䣬еɱ⣬˿Ҳڡ
ͬʱɢҲǲ⡣
˵Ĳû˿仯ڻŻȥ
ǲȻΪȻ֮ǰնâǣȴǶ⣬âȻǣȴû˵ǣʹǸоóսвǡ
һ̣֮Իڿ磬ھųԼӪɡ
쿴˿Իӭȥ
ˣ
⻪һɵڸֶ֯ɫĺĸһ̣ӿİɫӿ֣ɵڻƺƵӿڡ


1491 
ɵңɫĺɹⷭӿһϣƿѹһС
ɫĹâһƵĴӿӿڣʥϢ֯
ǡĸ
ɺɢɶɵǱһ䡣
ǲ֪ɵӿİɫâʲôȴϵɵ֯ŵɫ⣬ϳǴ˵еĺĸңŨǿЩˡ
ѵǺ쾧ɣ
ĸŨȵĺĸģǺ쾧ɣ
⡭
ǿ߸
쾧ǿǴ˵еĶռʥ֮ɵıǿ飬ҿ޳ɳȥ˵ǿ̥ģͣǰǰ죬Ȼƿһɻ쾧ɵı
ͬһʱ䣬ǸŹȵ˺Ҳʧɫ˲ɵһ
⵹ЩҲͬɺɢǰΪɵɺ쾧ɵĶԾԾǣھȻǰһңھȻһһɵİɫâһĻЩͨ˶ԣʵ̫ˣ޷һĻôһ¡
㣬ǵǡ
Źȵ̲סطĻֱƻǳһ˲俴ǧ󣬶󿴵С̫ȴԣֿгһǰ貵İɫâ˵һĻĻЩͨ˵ֱ̫˼ˣδ¡
ǵĴڣƽռӴˡﶼྶͥǣͷҪţҡߵСһŮĹǰѩǣͷűǸһǶˣҲ֮ͬǰȵǰ㣬ŮĹǰͷѩǣǴڵλŮ׾ͷѩǣΪŮ׽Ĺͷѩǡ
ڣ֮ǰǼѩǺ뾪ȵĻ棬ȻˣʱһϢŮĹǰѩǣŵһ޾£쿪ƴֻΪǵŮ״˵һ䡮뿴ʱĹǰʱķ羰ĸпʱһϢͿȬȴôԸԼҲҪʱһĻĻ󣬸õĻǵŮ״˵Ĺԡ
ʲô
㣬˵ǵΪŮ״˽Ĺͷѩǣģ
ôܣ
ĻǸŹȵˣ񣬽Ǳɫ
ղţѾȾѪѩǺ͡ǴһֱµǷΪŮ׽ĹͷѩǡһģһǰͷѩѵǵΪŮ׽ĹͷѩǡĲ²⣬ȴֻǲ²ѣûһΪģΪŮ״ڵ¾̫ԶˣΪλǸʱһͷѩôܴʱǶԣ̫ˡ
ôܴôãԻʮҰ
Źȵ˿ŻȾѪŮĹǰѩǣĲš
ͷҪͨ˵ҰȥϣãܹޣԶԶ󡣡Ѿ˵֮󣬶ǰǸһ֮ɢô貵⣬ЩӦòȥ˵ĻǰͷѩǣǵΪŮ׽Ĺͷѩǡ
ڵЩǰ֪Щɷǳ޴ĳ˵˳ļȴϸΪӺλŮźеĹϵλŮ޾ݣѩΪλŮˣˣãȻʹЩܵ޴ҲӦ֪Ȩ֪
ŹȵӲɵһֿŮĹǰĻȾѪѩǣɵ߹ȥȥѩǣϵ֣Щ
ͬһʱ䣬һЩĻҲһ΢˶ǳŮĹǰѩΧ˹ȥһ񶼱ˣĿǲɵľ˸
ʱ˶ٻĻˣȫǰͷѩǾǵΪŮ׽ĹͷѩǣΪһĻĻǳǵⷶ룬ˣͷѩǾǵΪŮ׽ĹͷѩǣʲôֵȥɵģʲôҪȥȻƭǣ
ΪҪǣǰͷѩǣĺǴǷͷѩһģһ
˭˭˳ɵ
Źȵŭ۾ˡ
ͷѩǴʷҪŮ׾ѩǣΪǵŮ״˽ĹѩǣǴӾȻȻйϵ൱Ǵӵˣȴ˵֮أȥܿҪˣܲŭ
ԱߣҲŭΧѩԱߣ̲סᡣ
ЩƽĴǲ֪н£һܹ֯㾪˵Ļ𺳣С̫ȴܹԺ𺳣ھһ𺳣ΪΪŮ׽Ĺѩһֱ𺳣Щ£֪ȫǸ룬һ㡣
ǣʱĻȷǰͷѩǾǵΪǵŮ׽ĹͷѩǺ󣬾Ǵ˿Ÿָ𺳣ĿȴǱȾѪѩΪѩǵ˶ŭקȭͷ
ûǿͨˣҲΪˣǶĸǿʿҪǿ౶˵һнֻһõĹ£ҲЩ˸ж˱ͷŭ͸˵²ֻǸ£ʵеѩǣЩ˵Ĵž޴Ĺϵ
˭Ȼϻ쵰ĿֱͷɵǿϣĻ֣ҲǱ١
һڴ˳Ŀ⣬ɺɢɣŭݡ
㣬ǡ
ΪʲôҪ£
쵰Щ쵰ħ
ŭˣȻΪǴҪŮ״˽Ĺѩ˵֮أȻٵ˶ǴҪŮ׵İ֮ء
ɺɢʱԱɵͷɵһͨŭȣнԻһĨâ
һȺӵķϣҲҳСУ
Уڼ׵ɢгɱ⣬ᴩһڴ
ɱǿֱѹƬա
ﬣ
֣âڼɼĳһڴȥɱնķ顣
ڼɶݣɱȻǿȴҲĨɱκˣ񣬲ûɼΪ죬ȴȻ򵥾նɱ⡣
ͷɵ֯ŨĴɫâԴԴϵӿڡ
ƫͷĮڼɡ
ﬣ
Ľٴ𣬴̶ǳһϸ֣㼤գۼڼǰ
ڼһ㡭
ۣ
ѪˮĽڼűᴩ屻â֮ţֱӺǧԶ


1492 ս
ڼɺǧԶʺѪˮڿУ׷Ŀġ
ɺһɢ޺ַͬʱݣ֮ǰҲâȻǣȴû˵ǣϾǶɼǿߣڣڻڼɵɱ󣬾ȻһԷᴩˣǽǳԾǿǿĳԶûɾΪ
ûɾΪȴնôǿһǰ㽫һɼǿ߹ᴩ
ͬһʱ䣬ڵһڴʧɫźڼɱһᴩţѪˮɫһӰࡣ
⣬⡭

ЩΪǴйϵѩǱǰأǽǶԺڼɺĸɳŭʱ򣬼һڼɹᴩѪ죬ȴǶɵ÷㤵ȽҪŨࡣϾǶͨˣͨ˼һ˱ᴩţѪˮܲļ£
ǻһĨâһ˲˲ĶͷŵɵӿĴɫâǣСӵᵽ֮һĻ֮ǰ˵ĳȴֶͨκʲôˣͨʮս֮ƺսһεԱǣֶκһܻǿߵǿһս
ǿػʮҶͯʮһ̣ͷɵӿİɫâȻ֪
ѽ
ԱߣС̫˫۷Ŀͷɵӿİɫâ
ɵ⣬ɫâɫ⽻֯һ𣬴ɫâһƵӿڣʹɢϢԽԽǿһּʽ
ЩӵڵĵͿһֱƶĴʮҶͯҲڴˣɵ֮ÿʱÿ̶񣬵ڵ֮Ѿﵽһܲ׵ĳ̶ȣһ̣֮ͨǿսʹսһıǡ
Ϣڲִɫâԭʲô
ɺǸɢ޺ַɽǶݡ
ʱȻ֪ɵӿİɫâʲôȴܹ׾ٵĿΪȴ׹âϢڲʵҲڱǿ˳ղܻ֮˺ڼɣҲΪ
һʱ䣬ɺǸɢ޺ַɣԶȰɫâ
ȥƬ̺ȴǲ֪ȹâǺǰδ
Ҫǡ
ɿڣʱĿֱĶͷɵ
ɱȻȡǧɿڣһҪע⣬ǧ컨ֻһʱʱ䣬һʱ޷ȡֱӿήҽڣ컨Ѿȥһʱ䣬аʱʱͻԻ٣һҪ֮ǰõ
ĽɵͷȻ
һɣʱ򣬽ֱֱĶͷɵе̰˿ҲڣΪǶǿ˳ɵɺ쾧ɣĶɵıǿǿĳΣֵɱǧ̫ˡ
Ұĺܴ󣬼ҪȡɵҲҪǧҲ¡
ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ǹɢ޺ַɣֱֱĶͷɵҲǻϣȻҲҪ
ͻȻһһɿ񱩵ǧƵɵǸڼɳԶɻأһƬɭĶʱնĽâᴩؿѾǳ׻ָдź⣬ŭ⣬Ȼһɾµʿֱһ衣
죬Ŀıɱ⣬ɵͷɵʱ۵̰âȴҲڲסҪȡɵ̫ŨˣͲñдϡ
ڣһڴźڼɳأһǱɫһ
ţ
Ѿᴩˣôܻţǰ֮ǰǻһѪôûˣ
⡭
һڴ𺳣һڼɹᴩ֮ǰڼɵؿڽѾˣһǰ͸ѪƣԻİʱ򣬺ڼȴǲûôԶ˻ؿϵѪȴǲˡңһ棬ǿţԷշɻص࣬ȻԷɣ
þȣ̶ֳȵɱǣҲܹת顣֮ǰ˵ɣҪͨӽ͵Ĵڣǲʺϡ

ǰâ֯â˸ͷɵڵ֮ԴԴϵӿڣΪʵʹɢϢһһص
ųɺɢɣһ̣ˡ
䣡
һɷǳ񱩵ϢӿֻһͿԶľ룬˻һ磬ת۱ǳ嵽ϣǿܻһǿҵ쫷磬ɴӻָߣһ۳֮һƬͨɽ
Ի֮ͨսʱҪһս˶ȡǧսضܼңȻڻǸλýУСһڴ񣬾޷ܵ˵Ķսĳ
ʵϣȻǿоλãԺĴսҲпܶСһЩھɾ󣬾гƵȥҲܶ࣬ԴС̫Իˡ
ҵͬʱԶǸΪͷҰǻסǧƴӱЩͼ˱Ȼ֪ͷҰʲôϵķʲôϵһжͽͣǸɢ޺ڼӱ䣺ƾ㣬סǣϾͻǧ㱣סͷҪЩͼ˺͸ֻҲκζ㶼ס
˵ţĿͷɵϣе̰֮ɫŨЩ󣬱úñܣ˵⻰ͷɵֳɺɢ޺ַɿһۣдž֮ɫ
ҪɵҪǧȻ򵥣ɺǸַɽľ֣ܻῴȡɵǧ
ʱ򣬻ǻͬʱԸ죬ԺһǺնɱ죬ûǣǸʱ˼䣬ͱضһҵĴս
쿴ˣĿ䡣
ɵڵĹӿڣ֮ǰµͨ񵤣˿̵սǿԶʮͬһĻɽ㡣
ﬣ
̶ֱ̧֣ӽɽȡһնڼսɡ
һϬĽâն֮ƣֱƺڼɶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻӶȭȭâ죬ĸǿͬʱ֡


1493 񣬷׵
նڼɣȭɺǸַɣϵһһǳ˵ĸ߶ȣ·Ѿ뵽ɾһ㡣
ӿĹƣ붯ݣһ̣ĹɱȸղһᴩڼʱҪӿЩâնһУȭâǿɺС
¡¡ģֻɲǼ䣬սһɽֱӱķ顣
ۣ
ѪˮţĿǳ
ͨʮս֮һεսʱսǿһֲĸ߶ȣһ̣ɽնĽâٶȱ֮ǰ죬ֻһ˲ٴνڼɹᴩ
ͬһʱ䣬ĻȭɺǸɢ޺ַˣȫŵŵɵĺ˳ȥʮԶûЩ
С
ڼȻαᴩн
쿴ˣĿ䣺˵һסκ˺κ˵ҪɱˣУ
ڼɷɿ޸壬ܹӿֻת۾ʹﵽһܿµĳ̶ȣɭĶΣǧҪˣһȺͼ˸ҶԱСУɱˣҲᶨˣܡ
ৣ
ƿյֱӴ˵Ļ
ʱٶȿЩˣһתۼںڼǰ
ڼɵɫٶ˲ǰ㡭
ﬣ
̶Ӷ޽񽣷һУֱնºڼɵͷ­
ڼɵͷ­ѪˮƮи𺳣¶ŭı飬ǰαᴩҲͰˣʱ쾹Ȼͷ­ն
Ŀ䵭һն󣬸ͣ£ڼ˿ϢĻᣬֱӳӡ֯ͼԷķѿͷ­ͬʱסķӡǿմѹܲˡ
ۣ
һΣڼɵѹѪֻûܵˡ

âţֻתۼѱؾ۳һȥ
һ𶯣ΣʱŭֱӾһǿɼͨ
ͬһʱ䣬ɺǸɢ޺ַɱ˹Լһǿµ
䣡
Ƭռɽƽ
ʱɺǸɢ޺ַɣȻΪڼɣΪҪɱ죬ȡɵͬʱҲҪȡǧҪȡǧʱҲն죬򣬸ȡ
ԣǴһԣʱǵĵһҪһġ
ǣն졣
䣡
ɱƵӸͬķѹƣһʱ佫С
ĿĮܣ׼ҴΥʩչʮսͺ嫵֮۰ɸߵӰ˵ĹɱȫӲ
ﬣ
Уɽٴ˻֮ʩչ콣˵Ƭɱ⡣
ң֮𣬸ǿֶʮ֣ÿһֶ֯ŷǳ˵ƻͬʱ˺ȥ
˴󾪣ͬʱɼͨȴȻǰ׾ͱң֮˲䣬ֱǷ˹ɱ֮ǿˡ
ӭ콣âʮ˽Ǹоһ˿в
ǶɼǿߣȻоĵĽâͼʮɱвԣսǿᣬ˿Ҳ⡣
˸Գ֣һƽĽâͼȫ顣
ӿİɫâʲôôὫô࣡
ɿ죬ʵ
һʼʱɢϢǽǲУʱŴɵڻİɫâڣϢͻأǿһǳ˵ĸ߶ȣǹɱǷƺܺɿˡ
쿴ɣĸɣеɽƽ٣ֱָˣĽ֯Щ˷ϻʲôֱӹ
ˣǴ˿һɱȡɵǧҪɱطˣ֪ǵ뷨ܻı䣬ˣʲô˿˵ģģֱֻӹɱǿսǡ
ﬣ
̶ɽ콣ƥĽâݺʮ
漴һ̣¡¡ģһɫ縡ֶ콣âˣÿһǿľˣƿС
һʱ䣬ַ׵۽


1494 ɵ
ɫĽâɫ罻֯ݺᣬ춯֣ͬʱɼǿУ޲𹥻
Ȼоȹǿᣬǵɫ磬ǽһ˿вĸо
һͬʱɱˣȴĿ䣬ʵ̫ſˡ
С
һһͷӰȫܽ֯Ϣˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ĸҲǳֲ飬Լǿͨɱ
ɱ⣬ȫֱָ졣
Ϊ˶ȡǧΪɵǶҪɱ졣
ңҪٶȿ죡
䣡
Ƭռ𶯣ɱ⽻֯һѣһ̮
һսˣ콣ɽʩչǰΪԴļޣâÿһնƣ֮ͬ㹥ɱˡ
ңͬһʱ䣬ٴγӡڽҲת֯һƣݻһͷͷʵҫ񷡣
֮һתôͨҲΪһǿߣͨ񵤺֮ǿ౶սܱ濴ȥǳǿƣʵϣѹȴǷǳ󣬱Ͼǿɼǿߡ
໣
쳹ʮƹ죬β
һʱ䣬¡¡ģݺᣬطĴɽһ
ԶУС̫ԶսЩ˸
֮ȻѹСҪСҶͯ£Ȼڷͨ񵤵ʮս£ٴô࣬Ȼһ˵סɣֱǡ
ľ
С̫ҲǿԶԵú棬ͬʱҲԵúЩԾ
طһڴ˵ѩԱߣС̫
ǸˣȥˣǿԿʲô𣿡
ʵ
Щ񣬶ֻͨķˣĿޣȻܿġɼǿսĻ档
΢΢ͷ΢㾳ΪԶսӻķʽһڴǰ
һĻһڴǳԾֶΣǴȻĪôһ
ֻת۶ѣЩ˵ľȲûг̫ãϾһգѾ̫ھȵˡ
ʱѩԱߣǽĶֳɵս棬һǶ˸ΪɵսֱǻԵġǿɷݵأŽ棬ݺᣬһɽңȻʹÿгѷ죬Ȼ棬ʵЩ˾㤡
ϾЩͨķ˶ԣͱصĻ棬ֲ̫
һ̣Щϵľȴʧˣֻ˷ŭı顣
С磡ǣ
˿ֳʶӻе
ŻȻȾѪѩǣ֪ͷǴйϵѩǱˣ֪ȡѩΪŮػһ֪ƬŮ׵İ֮Ǳ٣˶Ƕɳ˷ŭ
ΪֿķŭЩȻɶǳˣǺܿµˣʱȴûжη壬ķŭηҪǿ̫ࡣ
ѩǻȻȾѪʱϢڲϵţͫѾȻ࣬ĿŮ׵ĹƿĻ棬ɵЩ˸һزʶ࣬ȻΪһԲɵΪӲǿߣֻΪ˲˶ΪŮ״ǧ
ѩǣŶԷȻ֪Էʱʲô˵λŮ׸ٺط˲СĺôҲ֪λŮ׵ĳЩԼĳЩ¡λŮֵ𾴣ΪλŮһУ˴˵ţսе죬ΪλŮףΪΪλŮһУǼһﶼȥһս
һԵˡ
˵
ѩԣֳʶӻе죬˸
ֻΪطԼ׽Ů׸ٵãֻΪΪŮЩܵԲɾΪͬʱɣ˶ȡǧпнЩˡ
䣡
⣬𶯣ɱâ֯ձһ̮顣
ϢңϽȾѪǿƹ£һЩˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ͨǿ౶սͬʱɣҲȻ𣬴ʱǴһѪЩˡ
ıȴʼղ䣬ɽ֯貵Ľâ
ﬣ
ӶɽնˣƬͬʱն顣
ͨϳֹɱ죬ȴǸԾְɫâսʵЩˣǺҲ޷ʱն
սȻǿվʱƣʱǧ£ȥǧҪήˣ
ɿڣԼһɺͽ˵
ɺͽԣǵͷ
סȥȡסǧ
ɵ
˵ţսٹɱ죬Żֵķȥ
ڼ׵ɢɺǸַɢɼһĻͫһҲ죬ŻֵķȥȻȥȡǧΪǸطûܹסɣֻҪɳȥˣǧضڶԷ֮֡£ǵȻԸ⡣
ϵɵȻ⣬ǣʱɵٲʱƶʧɺͽҲܶʱѹȡɵңֿǣס죬ǲȥ˶᲻ɵˣۺϸȽ֮£ʱ򣬵ȻȥǧΪʺϵѡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿصٶȺܿ죬㣬Żַȥ
쿴ˣĿĮɫ͵죬ǲһ˲ǿ޾룬ȫ£ֱһնˡ
ﬣ
һڣע׷۶ɵɱ㣬ͬʱ䶯ʧɫǷɿĺˣܿɱ
ǧ˭Ҳ붯
ɽֱָˣĽâ²Ϣ
ɽɭĿУᣬɱâ
ɿԶǧֿ֣ûжʱˣȻҪǾٶնǧˣ
仰£һâӿһƬŨȶɵƺƵɢƺܽ¼һжپϢˡ


1495 ɵ
ɵڣһƬԻˣ¶ȸߵĿ£ÿһƻ涼ǿԷվУն͵
λɵ
쿴󷭹ŵĻ棬н֯Ĺ⡣
ĵĿӴ󣬷ִɵʱĻ棬֯ŨɵȻɵ۶ɡ
ɵǴﵽɼʿǿֶ֮һ
ӭȻ棬оƤЩ
ãٶն
ɿڣԳɵһ˻ûľһϽܼ֯ˮΣÿһľÿһˮΣϢԺˡ
ľɵˮɵ
Ĺ⽻֯
ǧУܴһֵĴʵ϶ֻһЩɵСֵ̫̫֮ͽľˮЩǷֱ̫̫ͽľˮЩļСһֵ
£ǿպѾһЩżе֪ʱɣɵֱ֮ľ֮ˮ֮ӦĳѴϵĻ֮ɵľ֮ɵˮ֮ɵ֮ӵ
䣡
䣡
طɢ޺ַɺɢ޺ڼҲɵֱΪɵԼɵУɵ˵ľõξ֮У̶Իɱɵ֯ҲܲסԷ
һ̣ɺɢɣΪٶȻɱǧɵɵ󣬵һʱͬʱѹȥ
ͬʱɵҲԸеҫˣ
ڼĵ
ĿĮԵɵ򷭹Ҫ顣
ӭ˵ɵ򣬾ʱһһҪߵĸо֪ǺַɵĻɵδѹѾʹľܵ˾޴Ӱ졣ͬһʱ䣬ΪĹɵоʹͷڸ°죬ƺһ̾Ҫٰ㣬ܡ
һ̣иов·ɵʧ
ڷǣȴû˿仯ûһ˿һη֮ɫ
һ̣΢⽻֯Υĳ𣬵âƵ
ˡ

һֱĵʲôȴܹԵĿ϶򵽵ĵǳǿ
һ̣ɼɵҪ˶ԿõķʽȻҲԵΪ
⣬˿˿Ƶĵâӿ֮ƣΪַɵĻɵµ̼֮ʧͬʱΪĹɵɵʹҲ롣
漴âӿһˣѹ£ɵӭϡ
ɿĵǱ΢üΪĵʲôͬһʱ䣬Ƿ֣ǸɵӰǱ࣬Ȼ޷ڵ֮϶ɾԵѹȡ
ǶԴȴҲ⣬Ϊǵɵѹǰ
ɱ
ڼĵɵѹǰƺƵȥ
ͬһʱ䣬˵ɵҲѹǰĹɻ˰ѹ䡣
Ǿܹо޴ѹȴ˿޾塣
ӼᶨԼԲɵͨ񵤺޾֮ʮսʩչԼ򣬲˵ɵ
һĵ˸ӿɵɵֱӭϡ
תۼ䣬۶ɵĵˣɵײһ
䣡
˵ĺɵɵײʹҡ



һܱߵգһѡ
ɲͬĵ֮ײһɵѹ򣬻Ƶ
ɵϢ֯ǳˣԣɺɢɵʱǿ̫ˣӱϿͿѹȻʵϣɵȴȫڣײ֮£ɵͬʶ
ǡô£
һɫ
ǵɵΪʿǿֶ֮һһ̾ȫһﵽɾʿһֽвֵĵסˡ
ܣ
ֹİɫâǿսΪȴǲﵽɾ۵ĻֻбѹŶԣڣǡ
⡭
𾪡
ǼɵȫڣĵɵĵâȻʼ·ʶһ㣬·ں¿־һ㡣
⣬â֯ԣȫɵɵ
н֯˿˿ƵľâļûдȻ֪Լĵʲôȴĺǿ
ǰԼɵɵײϿռһ̮
飡
ͳ
䣬΢ʮӵս´ŵâ¡¡𶯣һ籩ɵɵȫɢ
ô᣿
ٴαɫ嶼ɵôǵɵ򣬾Ȼˡ
һﵽɾˣһ̣ƾŵĵǵɵ
ﬣ
䣡
̶ɫ콣âɫƵɡ
Լɵɵֱӷ͹콣ͬʱתޣңҲһƵƬռ䶼Ť

ɭȻĵĹǿ󣬾Ȼܻǵɵһȴδ˷磬ɵӭĹ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģ˴սͨ棬âˡ
ҵķ籩ϯʮһĴɽӶը顣
⣬һƷӿֳɽնһһݻɫǴҰԵ׵ϵĳɡ
򣬲ɵɵǣΪվﵽɲΣֻͨ񵤺֮ǿսʱ¼ĵ˵ɵһδεļײѹȴɾ޴ԽԽ
ı飬ʼûб仯û˿ɵη塣
ˣ
䣬н֯һ⣬ֳɽն΢ͼ۳Ƶһ貵ķӡƬֱ֮ӳ˦ȥ
Ȼѹͼͬʱ֣뽫ͼ顣
ͼһ˲䣬ȴɫڵͼ鿪һͨ彻֯ӡı¶˳Ͻ֯Ϣɵ򣬺Ȼһ
ʱıӣϢɵȴǻҺͿ񱩵˼㣬ѾﵽˡԻٽ㡱״̬
㡭
ɫ䣬ˣԶǿڱӡ
ϧվһЩ

һ۴д
䣡
˲ⷽռը죬ıֱըһɿֲĻϢһɻתۼǽͬʱС

ҽ̴۵ģѪըһ⣬ȫըٺĻϢѹķ顣


1496 ն
Ϊͨӣ쵱ͨȡͨŵĵ̱Ϊһǳǿ󡣶ʱǳһ£ǾǣǿսԼڶʱڻʱƣսԽԽңսʮҪսɣҲĲ̫ܣϾɼʿķǳǿ
ԣʱܹϵԻһнԻٵͨӡѹɣʹԲ󣬵˻ͼ󣬱Իٵͨ¶ѾﵽԻٽ㣬ֱӱԱǸʱϣȻǿɼʿҲܺͷ
䣡
ͬʱը飬طƬռմĲģ
һɿµ쫷絴级ˡ

ŭУѪ֯ӿǿתۼ۳ǡ
С
˶죬ɭжǴŭ
Ҳû뵽ȴɽ⣬ȻңȻôԻٵһǽԻٹеӡͼУŷӡ֮ǵĸֱ֪ǰ
һһǵȻĲǿЦȻΪɼǿߣһԻ£ҲǺȫסʱһش࣬һɫһƬ԰ס
һ̶죬еɱøŨˣֱ޲˺졣
Ի٣ǵ궼ѵ
⣬ɫ罻֯绡͵죬һڰԵϵĸо
ˣ䵭ɽֱָˣֱӷוּһ졣
̼䣬콣âֶһƬ㣬ȥ
Իһʱѣתɵתȣ涼˴룬ȻɱľѻᡣԭԻһΪ˴Լս֡
ﬣ
콣âƵɽնÿһƥնռ䣬նأնɽɼǿ߶ʱڶЩƣڵֵΪڳͨԻٺĳ˴󴴣ʱ񶼺ܲȡ
ৣ
һƿٶȼ죬һһӰתۼڼǰ
˵Ҫɱˣ
Į
ڼһʱŸոԻٺĴ󴴣ʵ󽵣ʱһαƵǰӭĵĮɵһͷƤĸоɿĳˡ
ﬣ
̶ӽٶȱ֮˵ٶҪ࣬գۼϣ֮նķѡ
ŭ겻𣬻ӿŲȱɿ
ĿĮһת̼份ɫ磬ÿһ綼·֮㣬ڼйȫ֡
һʱ䣬۵ɫٶȼ죬ĺڼɵĲת֮øưܡ

ڼŭԻٺĳ켸ػʱøˣھ
߾ȫɵӿɵһԼƣס꣬ʹûʱһٶٴؾ
ֻǣһ˿ᣬһǿ˹ȥֱѹ¡
͵һĴڼɼľɵֻƬ̣ǱֱӸѹķ顣
ڼɵ꣬һʱֱӱ¶ʱʧȥеķ
ңҲʱǰֻͼ𣬵һʱƵʥҺ嫵Ϣѹʮ졣
ڼȻһʱоֻͼĿ£һĲֱӸо˾޴в
סס֣һж
˴У¶⣬һܹʶԼǰ״̬ǱͼУضûҷ³ܻĽ֡
ûκζĻ飬ֻͼƺƵѹ¡

ҽڼɱֻͼ֣ͨ񵤺֮ʮս£ֱӱѹķ顣
һΣķ飬ʧˣҲһ𣬳ؼ䡣
ô᣿
ƬռɺǸַһ
죬Ȼɱ˺ڼɡ
Ϊɾ߱ɱһɣ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶеС̫һĻҲǶݡ
ġնˡ
Ŀ˸
ʮսܹסɣѾܳԾˣʱȴǸӳԾڶԶսɵ£ֱնһɡ
ȻҲ̶֪ܴΪ֮ǰԻһɴȥ˼˺Բɻնڼɣȵȴơ
ﬣ
̶
⣬ٴζˣɽһ֯콣âˡ
ԻһɽĴ󴴣ʱ򣬶ս֣ȻҪİסսԼһߣֱӳ˷ҵĹɱһ˿һĴϢᣬ˿˵Ļᡣ
ҪϺϻ
ɢ޺ַɵͺûκαֱӽɵ𣬳ѹȥ
ȻҲսһ̲˿⣬ϺַɣҲɵҼһִͨɱ졣
һʱ䣬¡¡ģâڣƥɱҪһж顣
ǰڷ趯ӵĮϣ˿Ҳ˵ɵɱ⡣
ʱΪͨӵԻٶˣɵһʼ̫࣬ȴɴ۷塣
սƣȫǴһߡ
ˣ
ӿâ貣һֻ̼ͼٴγתںϣǿĴֻͼƺƵĳĴͬʱѹϡ
ĵ촫ֻͼǿƥת۷Ĵɼɵͨ˽ǰ
ƥĴӿ𶯣ˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ĵѪըĴͬʱ飬Ψǿı
Ȼ걣ɻ֮ϣȴǲܼѺۣͬΪĴһ㣬һ¶п
ʹĴɵ¶ݣɿ꣬
䣡
ӿһ˲
תֱ򡱴ͨϽ֯һ׺Ĵȫⷽ׺ڡ
漴ûκһȴ˲Ϣʧԭأһ̱ǳǰһֻͼٴθ֣Уͬĥ̰ѹ¡
ɵ¶ֻţסס֣棡ɱң


1497 лл
ͬնĺڼһһ̣ܹоĳѹµֻͼĿ£ֻҪУ״̬ض
ס֣ǿ̸ͣ
˴С
ıûκα仯ΪĹϵĴͨҪɱңڿɵ󣬸Ҫɱɵʱ˵ʲô̸ֱ͡ЦԿ϶Źˣһת۾ͻ֯ǿԸ
ˣ
ֻͼŲԣƺƵ£̼ѹͷ

꾪Уһ̱ķѣֻͼ֮³ɢ
ڶɡ
ڣɵһ
ת֮䣬ɼǿߣն
ԱߣС̫ҲǲɵЩ˸
һͨ񣬸Ѿֳɵս澪ˣǿһˣֱһ㡣
䣡
⣬ɫ⽻֯ռڣ֮Ļꡣ
㣬㡭
ɺͽʱѾ¾۳ǲɵ÷ɱڼɺ󣬲ת۶ѣȻͽһɸնˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɢ޺ַҲǷ֮ǰɱɵȻǧʱնڼɺɣļɵֱһڷ¶㤡
䣡
ط֯ɫøӵˡ
Ƭ׺֮Уһ̣ĿĽϣûκζĻ˲Ϣʧԭأһ̱ǳڽǰ
ɵһûпκһǣȴֱӳǰǾͷ·˲ƶ
ô
ﬣ
ӶеɽƽһʵΪ콣еһ򶥼ͨĽһ֮ϣȵڽϡ
۵һ⣬شĽɣֱӱǱķѡ
΢ֻͼٴθֱ֣ӳŶԷѹ¡
ס
ҽд̶ֻͼ֮£ɵֱӱѹķ飬׵
һ˲䣬Ƭ׺ֻʣԼǸɢ޺ַɣ˽ǲɵ÷İɫâǿսԵԻһشǣȻһĹÿһƺǼõģս츳ɼǿΪ֮ȻͬʱʱںȻͬʱǸǿ־壬ΪѾһնɣˡ
Ҳʱ˺ĲʱϢںַǰ
Ƭ׺ΪͨƬ׺ΪΧֻҪһƶκһ˲ƶʵϲûʲô
ַɴٺˣҷɿĵС飡Ϸģٶǧٴĺ⣡
룬ֶǿֶʧѰңɱҶº

ַǱʲô۵׻һĨĹ⣬ɵ΢СˣϷûд⣡
һҲûУԿ֮һ·ߵڣһһεսһ˵񶼲ῴ˷Ǵšֶսʧɱȡɵ뷨Էǳ򵥵ĿڣʱüǧûиɿҲǧ
ˣϢ䣬ٴγǰеɽն¡
ﬣ
ɽĽ֮ĽסַɣѹƬռ䡣
۵һַɱ޿ɱܣһնķ飬ΨһǱݳ
ֻǣһ̶̣һˮͰִɫɼ׷ֱӽ˵û

˲ҽУ嵱ǻҷ
⣬ƫͷƬ׺еһˣɡ
ӭɵһ
㡭Ѿɱҳ棬ȻɱϷҳضŹ㣡
˶
Ҳɱ㣬֮Լͻ᲻ңţԼ𣿡
쿴˵
лһĨ⣬ͷϷģֻҪ㡭
ﬣ
̶ӽֱӾһĽ⳯նȥ
ɱˣ˾ͻ᲻һЦ˿ܡ
ֻҪ˻ţԺһԸǿֶѰɱһ㣬ɵӶܿĳôܻ᲻ף˵ķϻ
âֻһ˲ǰֱն
ۣ
һʱ䣬ѪˮŽɵնķ顣
΢΢ȭƬ׺£ɫ۳һ󽣣ɱԼе£ֱնķ顣
˲
һɲǣطֱӱð
ɺɢɣһ⣬ȫնɱط
ȫˡ
ִһĻס˸
սӿʼڣҲ͹ȥʱѣʱʱ䣬һˣɾնɼǿߡ
ԱߣС̫ҲһĿҲǲɵ΢Ρ
ˣɱˣΣˣ
дʵ
֮ǰһʼʱַɱһᴩţȥѾǱĽ֣ȴûڴսУͨӳʶӻǿɼǿ嶼ըˣȴǻ˹ԣʱ򣬾ܼĻУû³֣ȴǲ֪Ƿˡ
ˡ
ͬʱΪһڴʶӻҲʹѿתɢ
ĻһڴǲɵһˣǴйϵѩ˵ôأǴҪŮ׵İ֮ٵǶ˳˷ŭʱɱˣǲɵһֽĸо
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳɫ΢ЩףϾֻͨķˣǰ;һδα壬ЩĲ
⣬ȾŵѪˮɵѪҲԼѪͬʱɫҲЩ԰סϾԶԿնɱɼǿߣͨ񵤺֮ʮսԻһɱУȴҲЩˡ
΢޽ڣִһڻ⡣
ӻ룬С̫˵ͷеȾѪѩԡ
ʱѩǵϢ΢ˣʱпϨ
ѩǵͫѾܰûʲôһ̣ܹˡ
ѪĿ⿴죬˶ڣûܷ
ȴǿԿԷ˵лл֡
ҡͷͷѩǣ˶٣治Ļ


1498 ǿо
쿴ѩǣԷȾѪϢѾ̫ˣʱпȥ
ûҪ
˵
ѩǵѾܰˣûʲô֪˵ʲôȴûзӦ
ãǵλŮȣԼʮǰͽˣڣǧĻ֮ȴһʱΪŮ׶ʮ꣬ǧĻ֮ȴֻܳطһʱѾʮԼҪΪλŮױסݵһʱʱ䡣

Ĭܹ뵽£οܻ벻
ʱ򣬿ͷѩǣʵǲ֪ȥȰ⡣
Աߣһڴѩǣɫ͵ǣҽѾȡ˸ֲҩѩֹѪҽΣȴû˿ãѩǵˣɳҲΪôЩͨ˵ҽεúã
ʱطֻǧȫκѩǡ
ֻǣѩǼȴϣȻҲҪάסǧһʱĻ֮
ˣ
âط֯ɲݡľ컨Ưķ羰һһ֡
ưܵĻֱ֣֯һʫ续ľ羰ۼ
ѩϵϢڷɿţһ˲˲Ů׵Ĺϡ
쿴ŶԷ¶Է񰵵ķ·ҪҲпˡ㡱ɫ󡭡Ȼǧܹ֤һʱǧܹ֮Ů׵İ֮ͷѩǣ͸оһˡ
ŶԷʵڲ֪˵ʲôֻĸжļ䡣
ͷѩǣԷָ飬καҲ޷ȡ

ưܵĻڣһ΢𣬴һƬƬɢطĵϵĻҶ
һƽͣŮĹƶ
תۣƬưܵĻڽԱơ
ɣ۶ɢ
춯ݣٴγˣңȵ
С̫ҲǶݣȻҲȱ֮ǰ
⡭ǣ

ˣǡŮ״˵Ĺ⡭
ҡҲˣ
Ů״ˣ
һڴȼ𾪡
졢С̫ǶݣʱЩͨҲǵˣ
ˣͷҲˣȻŮ״˵ٵŮ״˵µ
ŹȵǸ˼ķǰڸпԼҲһǵûȥãˡ
ŮĹǰѩǻȾѪԭѾԶʱȴǲɵúݺһ
ҲʱŮ׵ĹƵͣķ޹ͫУˮ䡣
ʱΪһͷԳĿвҩŮ׽£ˣոǽߣǧ硣ʱŮ׿ǧпšķ羰뿴ȴˡԱߣһֲˡ
ֻǣһףŮΪʲôơˡȻʱʱҲȥŮڴӿŮףڻִŮ׸٣֮ɳҲоŮ׵Ĳһ㣬ǳǿ
һʮȥһ죬ٴ̤ʱŮ׾ȻȥˣʹѣΪŮ׽Ĺ׸ʯΪŮĹʮաҲʱ˵ŮڿǧʱΪλ˵ķ羰뿴ȴˡ˵ȻŮף֪ԼûжʱɻȲ
ǸʱΪŮĹʮպ뿪ˣѰŮֵǧĵطһֱ
Ǹʱ¶˾ģҪǧ컨ŮĹǰ
ǰŮף뿴ǧȴûлῴ٣Ҫǧ쿪ķ羰Ů׵Ĺǰ
ʱʮ꣬һֱǧеɾǧˣǧˣĽǧĻ羰ŮĹǰо㡣ȻˣȻΣŮվˣ˿ŵˮ䡣
ϣŮ׻ţһֱš

΢Ƭռ仮Ƶƻּ䣬۶ɢŨѩϣӵƽ͡
쿴ѩǣɵ˸ʱͨĴǶΪѩǵִ£
ѽ
С̫һ뷨ʱѩǣҲһЩܡ
֯ƵĻڣǧ֯һԵøӵƯۼ
ʱ䣬һǹȥӡ
ʱ򣬾ǧ쿪ʱѾǿҪһʱȥˡ
ֶĻ󣬱øҫۣͷ·ǽҪɿǰĻعⷵա
ѩǿŮĹеҪ׵ʧˣϾҪȥȴ˿Ҳû⣬Ƭû˿ͲᣬԵ÷ǳ꣬·ԼȥȥһƬٴμŮס
ƶĿ⣬죬촽£Ĵлл֡
Ŀ⣬ٴε䵽Ů׵Ĺǰ
һʱ䣬ķŨЩƬƻڵҲЩ
쿴ŶԷŮĹŮĹǰҪɿݵǧȭ
ˡ
˵һŵɢֱӽŮĹǰǧǰ
һʱʱϾҪˣѾ㹻ˣûбҪ
תǧҪɿݵһ̣ǿʼҩһƵĳѩڴȥ
ʱֻǧԾͷѩˣĲ̿ŶԷȥôһͷѩǣȥʵ̫ϧˣӦúúõĻš
ԣʱѩԼԸǧˣҲˣǿȡǧҩ˵ѩڣ˵ѩ޸塣
ǧЧȷʵܾˣǧҩѩڣ֮ѣѩϵƿʼ޸ѾҪϨϢɿĻָ
ѩһȻûϵôͫеһʱ¶֮ɫ

Ҫҩ޸壬Ȼ󣬻ȥ쿴ֿǰŮĹλŮ飬֪ΪǧĻ羰ĳĹǰԷԲ˿ˣֻܡ
С˵ĲôطλŮףԲˡ
Ҳڡ
С̫ѩǣġѽٲȻǱźԼһ˼
ѩ΢˼º󣬱㲻ٶˡ
ڵҲûãֱֱֻĿŮĹͫдڵˡ
ţҲǶλŮ׵ı㣬ҪúõĻš
˵
ٵǧҩѩڣʹѩǵһٶȿʼָ


1499 
֯âҩâ˵ѩӿȥ
ԿѩǲƵѾԿͷ壬˿һۿɼٶϣȽǷɿĻָϢǿʢ
⡭
طһڴȡ
ֻͨķˣоѩǵľԼϢı仯ȴܿѩǲƵɿϻָĳľ˲ɵһ
ڼ֮ǰһĻĻ¸õĳЩʱľֻһ˲ʧˣȡ֮һּ˷ܺڴΪͱ濴ȥѩǵڷɿϣƺҪ˶õʱȬָ
ȻЩ˺ܸˣΪͷѩǺǴźеĹϵ
ˣ
ǧ⣬ҩĿ¸ٵӿѩڡ
ˣһۣʱȥʱ
ʱ͵һǧ飬ѩǵ峹Ȭָ۷壬жԵվ
ˣûˣ
طһڴŻָѩǣܼȫΧȥ
˶ָѩǵƤëŶԷָԵøӸˣûһηͷѩǡϾһЩ񲢲֪ͷѩǵսж£ǣͷѩȷʵʹӹϵУЩȫѩԼˡ
ԼȻǿ˭Ϊ£
ѩǻָͨѩǲûж𣬶Щͨǵĸû˿ִԣŮ׵ػĴӣЩȻҲһиС
վֿǰŮĹͫдһˣȥ
ŮѾȥʮ꣬Ƕԣǵ¾ͷ·ա
ˣ
΢һȦ͵âɢȥдŨϢɵ
âɢת۽ưܵĻ֡
һʱ䣬ѾưܲĻ֣رϵ΢΢Ļʼٶȷǳ죬ֻʮѣطһƬ֣ͱƻǰĻûж
ǿ߶ԣƻٵֲⲢʲô£ܼ򵥡
⡭
һĻطһڴһ
Ļתۼǻָʵ𺳡
ѩǶעŮĹֱֹȥʮƿĿ⣬߹ȥܿǰ
࣬лл㡣
ûлûΪΣһֱеɾԼС̫һʱ촫΢΢ͷ­
ʶȴΪΪ˰ΪŮ״ǧһ˺ǿһսޱȸм
ǿǧҲΪ˾죬ʱֻĸм
ҡͷѩǵãΪλŮһУֵȥս
ѩû˵̫໰죬΢΢ͷ­ַʽл
̧ͷ
˵
һʮǿ߶ԣ˿㳯ͷ­˵ǶԷڣܺء
ѩ΢ͷ­쿪ˣȴֱʮ̧ͷ
лл
ٴδ
壬ȴ̸лл⣬ûʵĻὲ
ĿٴڻڵŮĹϣͫУɴŵˡ
û˵ʲôͷѩǣֿǷŮĹɵ΢΢̾Ϣ
λŮףͷѩǣǶ֮һֿķǳء
վѩԱߣѩһŮĹ
ԱߣС̫ҲǾĿŮĹһڴ񣬴˿Ҳˡ
ܿ죬һ죬ɫðǳ׺ǿգԲɫ»
졢С̫ѩǱӭԱߵС壬׼ʳ
졢С̫ѩǶʱСһۣչȥ
һ죬׼뿪ˣһֱС
أ
ѩǡ
ѩǿֵķбˣ󣬱˽ɢȥʹΪĹ˵һҲ̴Уȥԭ켣һ
ߵǿԶˣǣнĲпᣬǷ׽ɱȣ
Ůףǲ뽫пн磬ûнеǣһ㣬ԣ浱ŮӣҲ̴УͬŮװĬĬŴƽ
˵ţ죬ٴл΢һƿڷɳΪһڿռ䷨ֱƮǰвĵرǧԱߣֵȻȲǧǶãٿλͬʱ۷塣ͬʱ滹һЩҵǧƬɽһĹڵõˡлл㣬ллĶ飡
˵ţǳ΢΢ͷ­ŵպκõҵĵطһҡ


1500 Ļ
ѩǵݹĿռƿ첢ûн飬ѩ˵ƿЩĵرȷʵС̫ãܰС̫Ϊ۷壬ôЩĵرѩҲͲûʲôá
ϾѩΪѾɾˡ
лл
СƿҲѩǵһлͬʱٴοڣѩ̧ͷ
һɾǿ㳯ͷҲǵһΣʵЩա
ѩ̧ͷ­ûлûΡ
˺ѩã漴Ǹ
ټ
˵
ء
ѩǻص
ͷѩǻ˻֣ۻִķ򣬴С̫תȥ
ѩվڴ⣬ֱһ˳ԶʧҰУ߻С塣

졢С̫뿪С壬ʱѾ߳˺Զһɽ䡣
СӣѰεĵطСƿﶼЩʲôĵرȻΪһء
˵
ѩͳһСƿвĵرͬʱ㾳ڴﵽ㾳۷壬ʱЩȲ뿴Сƿ嶼ЩʲôĵرȻЩĵرΪ۷ȥ
ͷʵԴҲЩ⣬ɢѰһεɽ
ɽȽϴ󣬴Ҹߣռٸƽ
ɽ¾󣬶ȡѩõСƿʶ΢һԵĽеĶȫɽһѡ
У󲿷ֶһЩҩҩȣһʱʹⷽɽڳҩ㣬һ޸ë׶ǲɵչ˿һʵĸо
ȸ֥籦ΡҶɫꡢ鱦ͻɸ
һ޸Ծ
СƿڵЩĵر̫ˣʮ֣ңֵǺܲƣ㾳ǿ߶ҲܳƵ䣬ֱ㾳ʿΪ
ǴԹ£Щĵرʮڵǿ߿뵽۷壬ֵʵЩˣƵһڳء
Ǹһ˵ЩĵرǧȡģƬϣȻôĵرֱǡ
ۡ
ǧƬأܲһ㣬֮ǰѾˣһֺɫϣǧﶼô಻ƵĵرҲ

СƿУȴЩǷĵر⣬ٶиֲıȣӦѩ˵ǧƬɽһĹá
ɨЩĿеһſݻƤϣɫʱһ
ǣ
ƤϿ̻вٶȥһͼĿֱƤͼģﾹȻ̻һ߲СԲԷǳصıʼǽһǡ
⣬ѵǡƬ
˸
ͼϻһ߲СԲȻ·ǳصıǣ߲СԲͬһ㣬˲뵽˽Ƭ
С̫Ȼע⵽飬ǴƤͼǿ˵ͼе߲СԲ
رǵ߲ɫСԲ⡭ãǿ֮ǰѰüŵ߲ɫԴ
ʵȻµĵʱʲôңҲĲ롣
쿴Ƥͼλõ߲СԲдŵ΢⣬ܿ϶ٴŲСĿԡ
үҲô룬ôǸϽЩĵرΪᵽ۷壬Ȼȥͼǵĵط
֪߲ʹԴкܶ࣬ɢ¼䣬һֱѰǣԷǳҪ
ͷƤͼӦѩǧƬɽеĹãһǳҲѾܾãǳϵ¶˽⣬ĳƤͼص򣬾ǴŹ֮ϡ
мȻرһ߲ʹԴǽƬȻȥ
ƤͼһЩ㹻ĵر档
ʼɡ
С̫
£ⷽɽڣתŷСƿеĵر
ˣ
ֲͬɫĹâתط֯ɽӳһƬ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
ºһ죬һǿʢܲⷽɽɢһ㾳ڿ۷塣
С̫̳ǿܲҲԿ۷塣
ɾϾҪˣ
м˷ܡ
·мˮ룬ֱͨɾ㾳ɾ񾳡
Уͨɾ仯ƿش㾳ɾɾƿɵ񾳣ƿǾʹڿɾˮʱڣһȥˣʵҷ
˷ܣɾ硣

ʿ㾳κһ·е㾳۷壬֮УҪʼؼڵɵ׽ɵԸͲ׽ɵԪһԪǿɴ㾳۷벽ɲΣɵ֯
ҪɵԪҪһ۳ŵԪŵԪںϣ͸ŵԪӦɵǿɴ㾳ɾΡ
򵥵˵ǣԿ۷Ҫɵ۳ŵԪܿ뵽ɾ硣
ǾŵԪҪ˶ãүܸ㶨ɾ
ЩȻԵá
бһۣȹ¾硣
£С̫ⷽɽУתžΪΣֱֹȥʱ䷽Ǹ۷Ϊȹ
΢΢³һʱʶȸ涼ǿࡣ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ľȣҲǱʱǿ˺ܶ౶
֣ʱ½ƤͼȡĿڵͼĴǸ߲ɫСԲϣн֯һƵľâ
ߣȥ

ֻǱڵͼһ߲СԲ;ǽƬЩУǣ߲СԲľǽƬҲҪȥһɣʵǽƬ̫Ҫˡ
ͷš
£һ߳ⷽɽѭƤͼϵļضУڹȥԼʱһȽĵɽǰ
濴ȥڵĿռƺǳһƻҺɫС
ȥһƬڤ
ɽ⣬Եһ鲼Ѻ۵ʯʯԼߣӡĸ֡Ļȡ
ȥʲôƵء

ȥҲ񡣡
쿴Źڵ
漴ûطͣкСֱ̫ӿɽ֮С
ǵΪﵽ㾳۷壬С̫ϻһöʮսͨ񵤣νո˵ǸֶǿӲ㣬ԣܿطʲôƵأҲ˿޾塣


1501 
һ˿ĻȣȥƮһƻҺɫԵЩɭͬʱڵѪɫǱѪˮȾһ㡣
ȵأǹ󡣡

ͷⷽɽȣ򵥵ɨۣⷽɽȵռȷʵǴЩˣ㾳۷ΪȻ޷ⷽɽȵı߾
ȥ򡣡
˵
ƤͼϳֵⷽĻȣпǡƬ߲СԲλãλⷽȵصġ
кС̫ɽĴȥ
ڣѪɫ洦ǿӿݣңһЩڸͬѪˮһҺ壬ɢȳζǳš
һ޳λöȥܿ߳ȥԶ
ȵԵúܿʱǰĵر䶯иֱ۴ӵתۼ䣬߸ʬӵص˳Եͺֱˡ
쵯ָâɳ
ﬣ
â죬նֱӽͷʬն˸ķѣը顣
⼸߸ʬҲͿȴʿȻ׾ٵľͱˡ
һ޵ı鶼ûʲô仯ߡ
֮һۣһгǧɾ룬;аʬʲôǼ򵥵ľͱĨ
ʱеĻҺɫӶˣǰ˲ٴɽɽǳֺɫ϶ûֲѪɫͻҺʯ顣
ôɽڶ
ǰɵ
ȥǰʮɽ϶ʮɸߣһڶ
ȻҲǿע⵽һĻһƵ΢֣ݡ
ʲôɽͷʬޡ
˵
µ˲䣬ǰеڶɽĸһɷǳŨҵɢ
໣
һɽڴ¡¡ģܵȫɢȥʮɽһȫķ顣
ɽʵòһ±ΪһͷʮɸߵʬޣͨѪⸯãͫ״ľˣɫڤħڿһ㣬ˡ
һͷʬޣȻô󣿣
ۡ
ΪƣղžȻͷʬ޵һɽ
ô󡣡
С̫ǰͷʬޣɵĹ
ʮɸߵʬޣȷʵЩˡ
໣
ǰʬǷһ𣬾޴ͫ׿ߣȻǿһˣͬһɽ㣬ֱӳ
ͷǳˣǶȴһҲ׾ǳĿ죬ĹУ֯ŵϢøǿˣ֮ʴ͵졣
ܺ۳Ԫİ벽ˡ
ЩԾͷӴٶȼʬޣʵǺܿ¡
͵ģʬ֮ȫʴ
쿴ŶԷ˹ƽӭŶԷӴ壬ֱӾһȭ
ֻǼ򵥵ĻӳһȭǣǰյǱˡ
һ̣ȭͷ˹ľ޴ʬ޵ϡ
飡
һ죬ʬֱӺɣƬɫѪˮڵϺ󽫵رʴ˴Ƭ
ۣô˼ҲԿ۳Ԫİ벽ˣȻһȭ͸˳ȥǡĵǿ塣
໣
ٴԶһȭɵʬޣһγ˹
ϵĳλѵĺأǱղŵһȭˣкɫѪˮʳζš
ȫһȭľ

ӭʬޣԾɸߣ䣬ȭգȫһȭ¡
ˣ
ͬռֱӱ䴩
漴һ̣һȭʬ޵ͷ­ϣֱӱһĺɫѪˮըʮɸߵӴʯ޴ֱӱһȭķ顣
@%̬

һͷԪİ벽ɣôһȭըһѪ
ػɣۣѾɼǿ߲ˡ
ѽ
С̫ȻҲǱһȭһ£ĺǿ
ԿڵرԼȭ΢΢գ¶һĨЦ⡣


Ϊﵽ۷壬ȴʱǿ̫̫ࡣ

ͻȻһԵ洫
رϣһѺ۳֣ͬ֩㳯ӡ
һ̣طرȻ̮¶һƬڵĵص硣
ⷽص¶һɿֲϢתۼ佫طĲ񷶼Ⱦɫˡ
֮ìܵǣޱȿֲϢУȴǼŻһԴȪ·
ڵر̮ǰһ˲ڿնС̫Ҳ˸߿գʱ·ĵص磬Ƕݡ
طһƬص磿
Ծ
֪ʱطĵر֮飬ȫΪղźͷʬ޵һȭĹϵһȭͷʯޣ͸ʬ޵壬ʹطĵرҲű̮¶λµƬص硣
ĻƬص¶
ô£ôŨȳ̶ȣУôŨϢУôǰŨϢ⡭
·ĵص磬Ǿݡ
ҲǳԾһ̣һжˣ


1502 
Ļ΢ɣʲôҪˣѵС
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյĻһ̣ܼĴִӵص׳ÿһ֣ϱ鲼˶ĵճҺɢһ־ҵĶ
ǣ
ݡ
ܼĴֳٶȼ죬ܸӦһ޵ĴڣֱӱϯٶȿЩˣգ۱ǽ졢С̫ȫϣһޣֱû뵽ص磬̿һ͸Ӧж춼ûзӦ
ңȴֵǿȺԾһ޶ʱھȻѲ
ת۶ѣǱ뵽ص硣
ص磬һƬ谵ǿ˽ǾסµĴֵı壬һͷʬޣͬһ㣬֮ǰͷʬ޸Ӿ޴󣬶ϢҲӵĿ¡
۳˵Ԫİ벽ˣ
Ծ
ҲǾȣطôǿһͷʬޣٽһɾˡ
ͷ״ʬеĴֶˣֱַ졢С̫һ޳ŽǰͫףֻһѪ˿
һɶζŴдһۻɫҺʳ
ȻҪһ޵Ľࡣ
лһĨ΢⣬һǿ͵һ𣬽֯һɰĴָķѡ
ﬣ
ɨɫâϯС̫֣Ҳն
۳˵Ԫʬ޻һ㣬үȻڶʱѲ

۷󣬾ŵԪÿ۳һԪ൱һС̨׵ΪңʬǿĵطͣʱѲ

ո£ವƿҼдųŭ
״ʬ޴ּ࣬ʱܼĴֳһ޾
һʱ䣬طնȴָᴩˡ
Сӣ

ͷ콣ӿһնܼĽâһȫնϡ
漴һγͷʬͷֱһȭѹ£һĲҽУʬ޺ķѡ
ۣ˵ԪʬޣȻҲôһȭͺˡ
˵ܿ˵ԪʿʬޣʵϣսȴԶȲ˵ԪʿҲǱͬȼʿǿһЩһϣҿȵѹԲʲô
˵
ô˵Ǻܱ̬ڣֵصɡ
ͷʱУȥŷ֣ⷽصһưϿĴڣ֮ǰͷ״ʬޣǴⰵϿµһСϣˮһƬȻƣͬʬˮ۶ɵİ㣬ɢһŨҵϢ
ˮǴ۶ʬˮһ£ⷽСӵδȥͫǻһĨ΢⣺ǹɺŨϢƺҲǴﴫ
ͷȻҲо¡
δǹɴϢǳˣŨ
ôŨϢĳַǳ˵ıСδƫͷȻȥƤͼǵǸ߲СԲȥ
ȥο

Ƥͼǵ߲СԲǽƬôʵͲżΪֻƿؽƬı񽣣ȡƬĽƬȡߣطôŨϢȷʵĳּȷǷĶԣۺϱȽϣȥοȡɢ־ϢıңһۣƬصСӵδλãĻȵķȥ
طصµСӵδߣʵϾĻȵλöȥֻԺҪͷ㣬صߵϷȥѡ
£кС̫ⷽصСӵδȥ
صСӵĺˮһƬȻƣһδȥϢŨҡ
ûãǽʬ壬СУδƯ¡
ңֹһߡ
һ޶Դ˲⣬ϾڽôŨϢĵص磬żʬʵ̫ˡ
ûͣѭǹɷǳ˵ϢСȥ
ܿ죬һ̶ӹȥ߳ȥԶǰϢøŨˣϢҲǸŨ
漴ǹչһʮתǣǰĳʹǽɫһ䡣
ȥСߵ˾ͷǰһƬصƽԭڣرϣʬɢţȳǳлɫҺ岻۵С֮ڡ
طôʬ壿ѵһ޴սɣԾ֮ǰطʱСӵĺϿһЩʬ壬Ŀȴ࣬ԲȣʱǰʬȴǴЩˣǲòԾ˵ţ;Сӣǲɵ΢һ£ص׺ʬˮ۶ɣ
ǰЩʬȻɫҺ壬ʬˮЩʬˮǷСڣȻСӾЩʬˮͬһطγɡ
Ҳ¶ɫ߹طأʬôĿʬһ𣬳ȴ̩ɽϵѷ⣬Ӳطң̩ɽѷڵʬĿȻ࣬Ѿ׹ǣȴ඼Ѫ⡣
ȻѪ⣬඼Ǹõġ
ҲΪˣȥ˸ӵȻ

罻֯طһƺӿͷƤɵ÷顣
һ޿ǰһĻԾһ̣ϵıһ䡣
ǡ
ͫһ
۳ɢʬƽԭǰȥһѪɫĻӰǲŷǳ˵ͬǵеһ㣬ˡ
ⲻǼ򵥵Ļ壬顣
ǣ飬ȴֲǼ򵥵飬ʵƵ̫ŨˣۻʼаҪࡣ
ڳصƽԭĸȥʲô
н֯΢⡣
طе鶼ڳŵصƽԭȥеͬһ߾ɥʬ㡣Ǹе΢⽥ֱøŨЩΪӦǹɷǳ˵ϢҲǴǸϴ
ңǸλϵҲǸӵŨ
ȥ
кС̫
طĿǳˣÿһͷ鶼ܿ£һ޵ΪȻЩ顣
һͷͷ󣬳ⷽصƽԭȥú߳ȥɶԶ;ʬĿԽԽࡣ
󣬵ֹȥʮǰø࣬Ӱ´£һƬȫΧһ޴ԣ֦ɳɫ֦ҶǳΪɫɸߣɢһŨϢǻһ
ǡԲۣôôߴ󣿣
ҲǳԾ۶п°ô࣬ڵһѰһ꣬ǣʱŰҸ߶ѣǰһ꣬ȴȻɸߣңɢϢҲԶԶǵڵһѰȣ֮
ֱһ


1503 ڶ
ɸߵʵЩˣǵϢ̫Ũˣš
ֱͨ˫Ŀ⣬ԵЩãﵽ۷壬ɸߵһԺܿɵһԪֱӿ벽ɾ
ǰʵ̫ˣԶԶͨķ룬䡣
ʿͨһ֮ɵʮգôһ곬һ֮Եһ꣡
СӣϽģȥ
ߴ졣
ͷʵϣôһ곬ҲǺܳԾ֪곬źεȾ޴ļֵ
£ûͣ٣С̫ȫǰ곬ȥ
ǰµ֮࣬ǰΪֻǼ򵥵βں󷽣ûʲôԣһ鲢ûиӦ˵Ĵڣʱ˺ܻĳȥ±Ǳ鷢֣
Щ飬ƵɷǳˣһЩۻʼаҪ£ΪҪǣǵǳ࣬һʱ䣬Ƭ¶ȼ͵ĵص׿ռ䣬¶һ轵һɭɭ硣
ǲûκǻۺʶ˿̾Աߣȴʲôһ㣬졢С̫ľٶüΪ׿
ЩаȴȻϢ۳ɵԣһ˶⣬ΪЩԣܵõ㹻ϢǻѪʱǵµɴﵽ߲Ρ
ԣЩ鲢ûκεǻۺʶǱȴǻ۵ԣúܴ
𣡡
鳯졢С̫ɷ֯һǳ˹ģԵЩ¡
ûʲôȻȻɫ绡֣š
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫˹һ飬һ⣬ȫɢ顣
ͷǳԵǶаżĿȻɼаʩչҲǶֻη˱ܵķݣˣطЩ飬ܳܵס
Ȼ˹ȫķ飬ǣطȴǽûκη壬ηĳһ
𣡡
һ볯һȥ
谭˿ͬʱҲΪ˱Ϊŵ飬ⶼɢϢϢԣȻҲ
Ĳûκα仯Щ˹˿Ҳ⣬ƽǰ
⣬ɫ绷ƣ͵죬ΪģԲڶǽ֯ǿƥ֮Χڵ飬ȫҽ
طһȴǺηȺһһıķ顣ˣһʱ䣬͵ǲϻ쿪
ĽŲɣ˿Ҳûܵ谭תۼǰ
ԣеӿȵϢ̫Ũˡң̧ͷȥɫɸߵԵЩƯһƷ
ֱǡ
˷ܣоϢ𺳡
ȻС̫ˮĴ۾ҲģٲȻҲһȵģ
𣡡
Χ˿ǰ˻ģޱ
˵֮ǰүЩɻˡƫͷЩŹֵĿΧ飬Щ鶼վɶ⣺ǳ󣬿Ϊʲôûһֻ鿿ǰֻɶ⿴ţ
ܼ򵥣Ȼܿõ㹻Ѫ⣬ǣЩʱＫطƵϢ̫ŨˣǿԳܵˣһضᱻѹķ顣ͺñȣʵ̶ȵĻˮԴڣĻȴǻֱˮԴʧ
쿪ڣŵЩ飬Ǳ飬ĸӦҲΪֶӦʹǴӱ֪һԾܶܿ󣬵ȴֻΧ⡣
Ȼ˵ĺЩ
ʲôЩԭˡ
бһۡ
£ٴοǰֿһ
һ΢ƫͷȥ
Ǹϣʮ⣬һںڶڵرֱң濴ȥûκرĵطںڶ˿㾳۷ȴһҪĸоʹɵһɺ
Ȼı飬˳Ŀ⿴ȥôˣǿ
˵ţҲǿǿںڶɵһۼ׶ͬһ̾Ҫը鿪
ԱߣС̫ǿںڶҲǲɵü˸ȻźԼһĸо
Ǻڶô£ͨɡôоȥȴôֲ
һ¡
ֻǴطǿںڶһ۶ѣȻҪĸо
ʵЩ¡
쿴Ǹ򣬽ŵƽ֯ĸصףú΢΢ݡ
طӦһ޴սʿս֮ȥʿڵĴ󲿷۵һ㣬ʬ徭ã򽥽ԭ򣬴󲿷Ҳ۵һ㣬һ㣬ǿںڶ֮¡

һ˼ǣǿںڶڣطʬĴ󲿷Ϣ
ԡ
ͷ
һطʬô࣬аôʬϢ󲿷ֻ۵ǿںڶУˣǿںڶۼϢõжֲƶһ۷ɽȥҲ˲仯ŧѪ
ֱ
Ƕ¡
ǰһϢŨĳô޾ɲԶȴһ۷ɶ׸ʴĳĿֲڶʵìܵĺܡ
ԶԶĿǿںڶžɫȾɫܿɢȥ
ùȻܿ£ֻҪȥĺϢͲ

ȷ
ʮôһڿֲĺڶ֪ãʱ֪˿ˣȻͶ֮⣬ôľڣǿںڶͻȻ䣬ЩֲϢС̫õѪùѱס
ȷ

طǰĳ֮㡱ۺϢĺڶ֮㡱ʵѾǹһַǷ֣ƿȻԺڶڵϢ״ǳ֪ǲⱬ
ڣվطһ̶ƿǿںڶڵĺϢԽǣΪá


1504 ɵ
쿴ǿںڶɨһۣкС̫ǰ
ϢǿںڶֻҪţǲᱬԣҪ⣬ǰֿ̧̻ƣܲʮɱΧЩ鿿
ϾȻЩ޷Ժὥģĵһ̶ȺЩƱػǸʱûǰ׼÷ʩضǵ޴Ӱ졣
ʼɡ
С̫
ã
ͷõġ϶ǿڶ䡱󣬳׷ٵʲô£д˷ܣתžʼ
С̫䵽޴һ֦ϣĽҲתеĹŷ
˵Сһȹŷܲһ㣬;߱ƺĳѪйž˫ܡ
ȻѪеõȴйžСһԼȴһҲѪû
֪Сһﵽʲô࣬ɻˣĸʲôطǷ񻹴ϡ
쿴С̫
Сһܲһ㣬ǳǿԴ˷ǳ꣬Сһﻹڵʱ򣬽ֻɢϢһЩʥ־壬ӵڳ˲䣬ֱӾ߱ۻΪ졣
ңСһʱǣĿֲ棬ҲǺˣȥʱӴ̫ϳʶӻУһӰСһһ黤壬ƺСһͬ壬ǵʵǺܿ£սۡ
һһ£ԿСһǳˣԺܲһ㡣
ţʲôʱҵСһˣǿҵСһĸĸ
ȻǰǣкСһһ˴ĸҲýڡ
Сһ漴ϥ£ת̫ľ
ˣ
̫ľתһʱеĽɫâ
ȹžԼľת۷壬漴𶯣ʶɢƬռ䣬ǣһƵ֮ʹʶøǿ뵽֮Уʼ̽Ĵڣδ֪ĴԪռ䡣
һʱ䣬ĽɫâøŨ

ҡҷ촿׵Ĺ֯ž˵ϢҲһʥ
ΧһΧһܼԲ˿̼졢С̫봦ԣңӦİһӿһڣǷ׿ͬǲĦһ̶
ڴˣ졢С̫ܵ˿Ӱ죬Ϊӡɱ󲻽߱ǿĹɱҲһ̶ȵĸ֮Щ˻ȫʮɱ˴֮⣬޷ݵǵĶС
ˣ
һ⣬ʱâ֯ǿʢеâӿֶ
ʱƣǵľ񽥽ǿĵâҲʢ

ǣĻ硭
ʱнȻڣǰĻȵĵص¶嫵Ϣź˵ϢнǿʿǶݡ
ǰŨϢĳ־˵ĳĵرضֵ
ʿжǴžâǿ߶綯Ļȳȥ
ңһЩǿҲǱڵһЩǿڶǳĻȣʵĻǸλóϢ̫ˣһƬ㡣
ǰŨϢȻɼǿҲΪ֮ݡ
ģʮɽڣ
żȻɱ˺ߵͷĻȵķȥˣ
һһڣһǿߣŴڵ
Ѫ񣬵ˣȻ˵Ԫɾֻа벽֮ңʱ֮£е¶ɭɭ⡣ͬʱⷽڻһһڴҲ¶ɱ
λ׼ȥǷĻһˣλˣѹǳʯȻٴһҪ
һҧгݡ
ǰЩӣһ㾳ǿ߳׷Ѱɱ죬ȴȫȥڣһλ棬ȥȡǧҲȥԿνʧأȴһ㾳ǿںֶֻ֪֮ͨǵʵ
Ϊ£Щӣ½ܷǳһﶼǱһɻʱɱҶȡǳʯټһֿⷢйŭ޲Ѱ죬ȡߵǳʯԸֲпֶĥ졣
ڤȣص硭
ص谵Ũ˻̶ǳ粣Ħ
ˣ
£졢С̫ǣİҪǽ곬֮ؼɵԪ
طֻҪһԪǱǿԽԿ벽ɲΡ
ϥ£ɫ⽻֯ǿʶƵ⣬ǣطӿڼʶ֮УأѰؼɵ
ʶѰͨʶ̽һЩﲻϾɲһ壬Ҫʶ̽ѰؼĵǱȴǿɵеѶȷǳ
챾Ϊǿʱطԣ̽Ѱɵ̱Ե÷ǳ˳ûкķѶãǸӦɵĴڡ
ͨɵӵĺ嫣ƵĵϸŨŲϵĲһ̣̽ѰɵĴڣһһֻЩɵһ㡣
һɵȻԽ֯ɵĲȴǸԲһ
һЩɵŷһЩɵλãһЩɵɱ¾һЩɵź䣬ÿһǷǳˡ
֮ɵ
ħɵ
ľ֮ɵ
֮ɵ
նɵ
һɵϣʶ֪ÿһɵʲôɵ
ǿţ֮εȥ̽Ѱؼɵ֮ǰǧɢ޵Ļɵ;ɵǷǳ
ɨЩɵδ̿ʼʶһɵڸ򣬶Ǽ̽̽Ѱɵ
ɵ
֮ɵ
ɵ
ɵ
ɵ
쳣ǿ󣬽ָ֮ɵϽԺŨ
漴ʱһιȥһӣɨһɵӦľ˵
ɵ
ͷ΢
ɵΪһ֣գɱΪԵ
ʱ̽ѰɵԶ˶٣ɾɵˡ
һǣɵȷʵǿǣƿɵ߿ศɣԶñԭǿǣÿһ󾳽磬Ҫ٣ɵպĶɽ٣øһЩ


1505 ųɵ
˽ɾɵΪɵ첻ԥ̫ľתĸ죬ʶɵУȫȥȥɵ
ʱ䣬ֻԼһ嫵׺Уʶоʹ
ȴʹδ̫ãĵȥ룬ֻѣȴʹбʧʶ˳ɵڣ޾׵ơ
֮ôȫʶ뵽ɵУҲǺ޵ʮٺƿйأ֮Ѿ˼Ӧԡ
Ȼ֮գԵ

ʶ˳ɵڣʼȫĵȥɵĵ
һʱ䣬ֻԼһ磬·ﶼҪ顣
ʵϣı壬ȴʼն¡
ˣĸɵΪһδξٺͱƿĹϵطĳ̱쳣Ѹ٣ûкķѶ೤ʱ䣬ǸоԼɵһ̶ȵ򣬿Ԫˡ
ʶɵڣʱ򣬿ʼǣɵıԴӡԼڿҪڼ֮ϴɵӡǣˣһԪǳɵҪεȥÿһһ̶ȣǿ۳һԪ۳ŵԪ໥ںϣʱǵƿɵˣһٿ뵽ɾΡ
ǣɵһƱԴӡԴӡΣܿڣʼһɵıԴӡӡԼÿһѪԼ֮ڡ
ˣ
ͻȻڣâӿˮưĳ⵴
ǣڵԴӡֱӱ˳ȥ
ʹʱһʱڵжˣͬԼʶһ㣬ųǣڵӡ
üһЩ£󣬵õɴĵԴǸʱԴҲǱڵų˳ȥǿͬʿƿظĴʵȴǲܣڵųĵȫ޷ڣʹ۷徳ƿصĵҲֻһ֡
ͬ㾳ǿߣ붼ƿʮֵ
ڸɵǰûȥЩ⣬ֱʱǣɵһƱԴӡںų⣬ͻȻ⡣
һΡ
˶٣
̫ľתκٴǣһɵıԴӡڣ׼뵽Ѫ⡢֮УһԪ
һΣɣڵ𶯣âͬˮһ㵴ǣڵһɵıԴӡֱӸ˳ȥ
ҧٴǣһɵıԴӡǵĴΡΡΡߴΡڰ˴ΡھŴκ͵ʮΣɽȴһʮΣȫʧܶգڵܿƵųǣڵɵıԴӡ
@#
̲סֿڡ
֪ڵҲųɵųȥԪ޷Ԫδ㾳뵽ɲȥ
һΣ
ȭеʮһǣɵıԴӡڡ
ˣ
ڣӿâһƵӿȥٴνǣڵɵһƱԴӡǿ⣬޷뵽Ѫڡ
ֱ
˫ۣԶԡ
ʮһǣɵĵӡ壬ȴȻ˳ȥ
ȫǳųڵĽడ
ôɲγ壿
ʲôƵ
ҧгݡ
£ʱâ㣬
ΪѾȥκ塣
ƫͷС̫ϵĵڱǿٶȷǳ죬Լ䣬ܹозǳ˵ɵڡ
ˣţٺķһЩʱ䣬С̫Ƕܽĳ˳һ˿ɵ۳һԪ벽ɾ硣
⣬Ҫô죿

ҪɾŵԪĵرҲֻٵĸɵԪѣȫãΪǸ򲻵ɵ⣬ڵųɵ⡣
£ʼ˼Ӧν⡣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ͻȻƿյԶ
лһĨ΢⣬ƿķȥ
漴һ̣һʿӰ֣С̫֮ǰ·еط񲻷
ʹ΢΢üһĻҲǲ̫֣֮ǰص籩¶ʱкܻϢõضǸʱǵȺϢϵʿһʿѰط
𣡡
𣬳ȴ⣬⣬飬㳬ʮʱҲǲʿ嵽طǷ˻Ŀ
طʿһȻû뵽طô顣
һ̣ЩʿǱɫǰĳ
Ͼطĳɸߣ̫ˡ
⣬ǣ
ôôߴ󣿣
ǵȾ˵Ϣɢ⡭䰡
һʿ𾪡
ֻͨаɸҶѣطȴɸߣֱеĻʣطʿֻһ۾ܿļֵҲóԾ
곬Щʿ˫Ŀֱһ˲ǶݣΪ¾ȻˣңϤ
ǣǣ
ͨǸˣɱǸˣȻ
ȻѾһѰ곬
һֻޣҲǸط֮
⡭
ЩʿԾĿ˸ǳ֮ǰǵȺϢʱѰ˺ϢԴͷһ곬Ƿǳϲôһ곬ֻõһ֦Ҳر
ʿԭѾ׼ĨǰˣȴǷ֣ͨ쾹ȻλϣѾһѰطѰ£һʿȫԭֹסΣûһǰ塣
ʵЩ˶֪Ŀ£ƿһɼǿߵʬɾ֮£ûκܹסѾһѰطѰطĳҶԱߣˣЩ˭ҳǰȥ᣿ЩУΪǿģҲֻǲŰ벽㾳ζѡ
쿴ЩʿûʲôӦ¡
ЩʿʱûǰҲЩǰᣬΪʱ嵽ЩʿӡΧɱ󶼿ס
䣡
ͻȻԶǿܲǳˣлϢС


1506 ȭ
ϢƵǳǿʢֻգۼ䣬ӰԶΪߣǳǿʢڻ¯ͬԨһֿµĸо
쿴ˣ΢΢ۡ
ɣ档

ϣźǳƵϢ֮ǰնɵϢͬĹžҪ֪˵ݡ
ǰһʼ嵽طʿʱߣҲʧɫ
⣬ǡ
ĵ桢͵棡
ɣ
ЩʿԾ
ɣȻϵ
һɵöƫͷµ죬ͨ죬ɳͨŵҲЩʿ뵽쵱ҪΣˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԣС̫ӦϢĲǲɵ΢˫ۣһ۾ͿߣǶݡ
ɣ
һҲܸоߺ֮ǰɱһϢֱӲ³˵ݡ
ǰ߹һʼطһʿȫΪ·Ͼ˿ǿߣңɼĴڡ
ǰУһ۾Ϳ飬곬ǿ˳Ե졢С̫
Ȼ
ɼߣһĿ죬Ϊĵ档
ǰõڵǿһҲˣ룬ʱطһˡ
ĿĮ졢С̫һǰȥ
𣡡
⣬˻𣬼Կ֮ͬǰ졢С̫ǰʱһ㣬Ŀɱȥ
ȻǷɶ˻𣬵ȥ飬һ⣬ȫ顣
ԣһĻ΢΢ü
ط֮κɻ˾Իɱ֣붼֪
ͷȻһϲ˹˵ţʵСӣɵڵ֮ʣ¶٣Ϊ֮һöͨ񵤣㲻ԻӦҲսɰɣ
С̫϶һöͨ񵤣֮ͨǰɼǿһս󣬱֪ԼȻﵽ۷壬ɵͨʮսȴҲɼǿߵĶ֣ͨ۷ɾ磬໹ǱȽϴġ£ǵ֮ӳɣſսɡ
Ϊ㹻֮һöͨ񵤣ȷʵԻ٣Ҳնˡ֮ǰѾǽ֮ķѹˣڣʱѾûж֮ˣ޷ͨս

⻰ɫһ
ɣ죬ʵǣû㹻֮ǿʣΪٵֻһöͨ񵤣ܵס𣿡
һɿԵסѡΪ˿Ҫﵽˣ֮ǰǿܶ౶

Ϊ˺棬󾳽ս̫ˣʱͨ񵤡ټһԻ٣䲻֮£նɣΪﵽ۷壬ȴû㹻֧ţһöͨ񵤣ǺѿԵסҪﵽɾڵǿڡ
ǲ군ˣ
ۡ
ᡣԵúƽڱĵط군ˣõġ
ţһ㶣ѵֶΣ
һ֦ϣС̫ҲǺĿ졣
ɡ
쵭Ц
Ҳʱǰ΢ˣתۼ佫طɱ˴룬ϢӿնΪ֮
תۣ˱ҡ
ˣ
ռ𶯣һƬƬ𣬵һʱɢ˵ɱ޾ɱݺᡣ
֮ǰǰӡµʮɱΪ˷ֹطŵʱǿ߿Ǵӡµʮɱֱʮɱ󱬷ɱѹ¡
ɱ󣿣ǡ㼶ɱ󰡣
ʿɫ
˿죺Щɱ󡭡µģ⡭㾳
ȥôᣬϹŶʯȴȻѾﵽ㾳
𾪡
䣡
ʮɱڣɱ죬ÿһɱⶼֲƿնһС
ɱ⣬볯ѹϡ
ߣһ˳ֱ֣ĳһƣɱ⡣漴ڳһˣֱӽӡµʮɱȫ顣
㼶ɱһ˲ͱ
áǿ
ɼˣֱ
ʿǶݡ
ЩˣܹоղʮɱĿ£ûκһԼԿ£ֻҪ֣ضɱʣȴ򵥾ĨʮɱܣʵЩ¶ˡ
ЩʿȶݣȴҲֻһ˲ѣϾʵ϶ԣɼǿҪ㾳ʿӡµɱ󣬵ȷ£ǳļ򵥡
ųж˸Ȼ곬ܾˣȼǿ߶ԣҲ˵һڹ屦ȻֱΪȴܹǽɵĸǿ
ߣ
УߣĿϣֱ̧֣ץȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģƬվ𶯣·һ̾Ҫ׵ı鿪
ֻǼ򵥵֮˿ɵܣȴǿЩˡ
ɡ£
ǸˣС顭ˣʬҲֵס
ϻ˵ܲʬȡʬĻᶼûУ
ʿҡͷɼǿ߶֣˶Ϊһ˱ɡ
˭ãοҪȥ
̾
¡¡ģĵ֣̽תۼͷϿա
ɱ㣬ȡǳʯ󣬻úõĳһĥ

һȥ棬Լһ棬ʵһҲһֱһŭҲúõķйһŭ𡣶йȻ죬Ϊǿܶ࣬ҲҪúĥһǣԳݣԼԶĥ죬˶ĥ죬ҲһɻһЩŭ
쿴˵Ĵѹû˿仯
๼ҵġǳʯûǸܡͼĥң붼롣
ǳƽվԭأֱӭŶԷѹĴ֣һȭϡ
⡭ȻԴȭӭǿߵһƣ
һĻطһʿǲɵõۡ


1507 ǿƾ
һ㾳ʿɼǿ߻һƣȻͽӭϣֱõصһʿԾֻΪҲ̫ɵˣôܵס
޴
ֵĵѹµƼѹ䣬Ϊ֮Ť
ƽ򵥵һȭֱ̺ǰȫϡ
תۼ䣬һһȭײһ
飡
һ촫ֵ浱ͬڵһɳȥǧԶֱǷʬˮ۶ɵСڡ

ĵ͵붯ݣһĵ棬һͬΪɣ潻֮£Ȼһ㾳ʿһȭ˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬طһʿҲɫ
⡭
һȭĵ棿ǿɼǿ߰
ôܣ
ʿȻ
ԭΪᱻĵһѹȴǲ룬ȫԤϵ෴ĵûܹѹס죬Ǳһȭĺǧɡ
ʹЩʿͻȻһ˻þеĸоΪʵ̫ˡ
ôôǿᣬѵ岻ɣҲôŰ
ʿ𺳡
ԣС̫ҲǲɵĿ˸
֮ȻԺɼǿ߿ˣȻҷһɣ
һͲµѾԺǿ߿⣬ʱۼһȭĵ棬̲ס¶ȵı顣
ѽ
С̫۾ġ
ûʲôϾǶȫԷȴûмȫ

ԷһҲǿᣬȴҲֻǼ߳ɵѣһȭȴȫˣɶԷȻ׾١
䣡
ǧ⣬˵ܳɵĵʬֻһǿǧԶ³⡣
ϣ
ʬڵʬˮմʪˣǴһѪ־ŭĶ졣
һɼǿߣȻһȭ㾳ʿǧԶǵһʿɣɫһѿе¶ɭɭɱ⡣
ӭ˵ɭȻıû˿仯һվԭء
Զһ㣬̫ˡ
˵棬¶һЩı顣
ܳ
ͷ
ó
С̫˵С̴ŷ
Χʿĵ棬С̫Ÿͣһʱ䶼ɵõ˵ۣһˣȻ̬ȶһɡ
ʿĵ棬ҲǲòϣԷʱɢζĲôţΪ¶Ǳʬˮմʪˡ
ĵ棬øɭൽ㣬Уɱ
һڳܣֱӽմʪɣʬմȾϵʬˮȫƳһֱӳѹȥ
ѹˣֱ㣡

粽ϢƵƺҪƬصơ
һ̣ٴ֣̽ƺƵĳץȥ
һκ֮ǰһϲһƵâȻǴһμܡ
һʱ䣬طʿǲɵһӭܣˣ±ܸⲨҪǱ֣ܲԺҡ
עϵǳʯҪˣҲһȡ£
ĵѵ
֪
浽ּѹ£ϵܱñ֮ǰֲЩ

죬ɭ顣
֮մ飬̮䳡ԵЩˡ
һˡ
ƽ
ӭŶԷѹĴ֣ܸоֵֻĿ£Ǳȴ˿δ䡣
ڵرһ޾ɢ̼ʹƬص
һ̣ԶǿڶڣֱɫĹϢŨˣٴжֱӭѹµĴ֡
漴͵һʱ䴫Ĵܣֱӱȫ𣬶ɫֱ˸ǹȥ
ǣ
̼䣬ֱӱɫоĿ£ٺˡ
ϧ˵ٶȻܿ죬ȴվһЩ
ֻһ˲ѣɫֱӲƵֱ̽ϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽĵ淢ƺߣֱֵۣɲǼǱʴһƬѪĿġ
һĻط˽Աɫ
áÿµϢȻʴɣ
Ĳ
˳ŸղŵķȥֱӱǿԶǿںڶһʱ䣬һǲɵһɫһס
ǣǿںڶǡ
ôоǵ
ܡֲܿ
ղŵǺڶѵȫ
⡭
ļ¡ֻǳǿںڶһۣǸо궼Ҫˡ
̫ˣ
Щ˿죬ǲɵһ
ܿǿںڶеЩϢ⣬ôģ
Щݡ
ӸղһĻǿںڶǣ˿ֲ
ȻС̫ʱҲǳԾ
ܵʹã
𺳡
һĳЩĵطһЩ練ơ

⻰һʱȻ¶һƹǣү¸ˡƿشƣĵطԽش֮սطܲҲشƵһˣʩչȷʵǿڶڵĺ
ѹС֮ǰֻͨܵסһɣɱȴôƽԭǿںڶڵĺս
ĵ
ıԵúƽЦŵҲ˵ˣط鷳طȫҪǡ
֮ƿطǿڶҪ˵ɣʮҲ˿ҲҪ˼ɡ
طǿںڶڵ֮۷弶ɣҲ޾塣
Ŀ֮һЩĵϣĵ֮Ȼһ󾳽սɱУҲܰ쵽
һ棬ʵʵ뿪ڲΪǣǻҪͼɱҺҵĻʲôģǾͲҪ飬ȫط
ǿߵ
ǳƽһҲȴطʿֱɫ
ȻȻɼǿ˵Ȼ⣬ֱǡ
ղһȭĵ棬ǵʴһֱۣЩʿɲΪĵסɣϾɿǿֲĺܣֶηǳ࣬ɵǷǳ˵ɾ㾳˿Ե͵סΪ㾳ˣֻƿ˴ѡ
ԣʱ㿪ھʱЩʿǲɵöݳԾ۾ɴЩ


1508 Ƶ
Ļһȫסˣһ㾳ʿȻɼǿ߷棬£Щʿδֱĵĵһ⡣
ǿ߱ɭһȭұԺڶеʴһֱ۵ĵŭЦ㾳ϣҲ˿
㾳ϣϻǹģһʢϵĵط
ƽ
⻰һĵʱһͣɫЩࡣԭ죬ȴĻϣȴǼ⣬˶Ǵ㾳㾳£ˣġ㾳ϡľϵļʢء
̹ǣһǿ죬ֱܷӼһɼĴͨն㣡
һϣսپ
һطĵ͵һ֡
ɼǿôܻΪһ㾳ʿĿŶߣȻղżܾˣȴںͨɵһݣκβһ㾳ʿ

һĵĮͬ㣬飬ֱӼͨ
ͬʱһĵ۳һӰѹ죬Ҳһ
̼ѣܺƵŤգֱӽһ顣
һĻطʿһȫˣ±ɼɱⲨһ˿Ͼɼ֮ͨ⣬ͨʿǾԿס
䣡
ҵĺ쳹Ƭռ䣬ѹ죬ǿµˡ

ƽ
վԭأѾڸص֮²úһ󣬽ԲǧɷΧڵĿռȫУģǲԶǿڶ
ʱӭһѹŵһʱǣڶڵĺԲڵصµӶƺƵĳ
̼䣬ɫӿֱѹƬռ䣬ʴǿľˡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ죬ͨǱѹ顣
ңƵӿȣδʧֱɼѹȥ
⣿
һʿһȫɼǿ߼ͨȻһ˲ͱѹˣ
ôǣôµϢ
ʿ죬Ŀɫ
ɸǶݣǸղſͬʱͨҶǺǿͨȴһ˲ͱǣ֮ˡΪҪǣǵ֮ڼѹоǵĿ¡
֮ʱ򲻸̫⣬ͬʱ𶯳ǿܣ顣
ΪаһЩа֮㾳ΪʤɣֻСϲ̨棡

˵ţӿһɵϢӣɵ˿˿Ƶӿ
ͬһʱ䣬һĵԼ棬ҲԼԼɵ
ʱǿǣ֮Ŀ£зǳ޴вԣѸ˽죬ȡǳʯȡ곬ԣֱӿʼɵҪ̵ʱڣնɱ
ɡɵɼǿǿֶ֮һ
⡭ͱƵóɷ򣿣ǵô𣿣
һ㾳ʿǣǵϢǿֱӼɵܲ𣿣Կֲĺܣ
ȻɵǸˣҲˡ
Ȼɵ򣬿ɲһȵˡ
ҡͷ죬סˣϾɵΣյĺܣǿĺܡ
䣡
ܷɵӿƬռ䱻ĲŤƺһ̾Ҫ顣
ɿ죬ֱӶˣɵӿѹ¡
ɡ
溮ɱŨҡ
һֻ̣һ˲ѣ˱ǿ絽ǰϽɵɵһḥ̂ƺƵѹ졣
쿴˱Ƶǰû˿仯
໣
𣬵ر鿪һͷɫĴǰѹɵẖ̂飬ֱһβ
ͷȫϢ۶ɣٶȿ죬ҺܰԵ۵һİӳķ顣ңڳ˰Ӻǵȿµ֮˳˿ӿ뵽Ѫ֮Уʼʴȫǣʴꡣ

˵̲סҽС

ɱһĵ͵ʧɫɵÿ档
ǵĵԼɡ

䣬ϵĽ𣬵رٴ𶯣ܼƣһɫӵص׳ռ䣬һƬ꣬͵ѹȥ
Ƚâǣ۶ɣÿһâԳ֮˿һǵν˵ĺܣޱȿֲ
һʱ䣬͵ģĵ͵ɵֱӱ顣ܼĺɫдķ顣
̶˲䣬ɣⴴ
⣬⡭
طһʿȫɫ
ԭΪɼɵȻǣطĺϢսҲԵסΪɵǷǳֲġ
ǣЩ˲뵽ǣǣ֮һʼֲˣȻɵ򶼸ʴˣ˲ˡ
áÿֲ⡭ǵϢѵն𣿣
ϱʿɵö¡
ȻǳԵС̫ҲǽԶݣ֮ǰ֪ǿڶϢ嫾ˣֲǳʱ򣬼ǣǵϢ׼ǿߣ̲ס¶ȵı顣
ǿֲ
ۡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
𶯣ǿ¾ۼʱٴο죬ǲɵ˸
һ̣ʶǣϢĿ£̫ˣɵ򶼵ס
ߣ
һĵ
͵ͷɫ࣬ȴҲǿ˳ǣط֮ԶԶԤҪ£ɵ򶼵ֵסˣֻߣΪ£ǣطĺϢսսƻǷǳܻϵΣա
һʱ䣡ȴգضҪ
һĵ溮
˵ţˣ͵Ҳǿ룬ǳʯط곬ʱϾȥ˼ˡ


1509 ϲⲻ⣿
о˵ǰƶԼ˷ǳ浹ҲǷǳϣʼƬص糷룬ûһ˿һĳԥ
һĻȻطһʿΪ֮Ծ
棬Ȼˣ
⡭
Ȼһ㾳ʿĳ룿
һʿޱȡ
һ㾳СʿɾȻѡ˱ܣ
Щ˵ѹĺܵͣΪǿȻ˶УһɫøѿһСȻˣȴҲǲʹ£Ųû˿仯ߣʱ·뿪
һ̣ʮռǣź嫵Ϣӵص׳˷ǳֱӽ˵·ضϡ
һʼߣǲߣߣˡ

ϢŨˣƬص¶ȣһ˲ֱ½ʮȡ
ɵ·ضϣɫһסǣ
סǣ̫ˡ룬ط
ɶʱɫһɭȻҪ
䣡
ǿ𶯣Ϣӿ磬ֱӽ˵Ļϡ
춯ˣһŵӣ̼ӵص׻˫ͬʱӡ۳ͷҵ볯˹ɱȥ
ʱռ𶯣ͷϢˣ֮ʴˡ
ɵһʱͷƵŵϢɱղǣϢ£ֲǸоĲ
ûκԥ·ϣͬʱɵӭͷҲزͬķƣնյıܿͷĹɱ
ৣ
ƿյӰֱӳеĵǰ
һ䣬ͻȻǰ㡭
ﬣ
̶Ľصּ̧֣佻֯ƣĴǿڶǣӺ嫵Ϣֱ۳һ󽣣ĳ¡

ҽд̶һ̫ˣܺͷֱӱǱһķ顣
ɼѪˮ׷ƮڿУĿġ

ŭδ𣬰ѪˣҪԶ
ˡ
˱ܵĻᣬΪģص֮£ÿһɺ嫵Ϣͷµƹɣˣ˵ȫ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
գۼ䣬˵ֱӱܼᴩɸӣٴηҽС
ʧ
ٴе󽣻δʧԼһУֱѾĲӵٴն¡
۵һ־ͲʵĲҽƵ壬һ󽣸նķ飬ʧ䡣
ʱطʧɫ
ĵ棬
ôˣ
⡭
𺳡
棬Ҫﵽڵǿڣǿнѷ꿹֣طȴȻնɱˡ
ңǱһ㾳ʿնɱ
⣬
˿죬ɵü
̫ˣ
㾳Ϊзˣ
ͬһʱ䣬곬ԣС̫ҲǲɵöǳԾ
ôնһɣǿںڶµϢǹˡ
ĵ
ܹôôѸٵն棬ȫΪǿںڶµϢֲ̫̫Ȼ۷ɣҲȫס
Ͼǿٰʿ۳ĴϢ˵ĺܡ
һߣɣɫɾԵЩѿˣŭӡ
㾹ɱ֣
泯ŭ
ǰŸոɣʧأطʧһɣŭĲС
ЦҪɱңһҶɱ֣ë쿴˷̣˶٣ƺ뵽ʲôֿڣ˵ǰʱ䣬һһռŸ㾳ĳϺɼ棬԰ɣ
ʲô
ǰʱ˾Ÿ㾳ϣɼ棿
⡭û˵°
طһʿһûκ˵Ÿ㾳Ϻ¡
ĵ͵ԣҲһô֪
ǾŸ㾳Ϻɼ£ͨڵЩ˵֪ȥֻڵһЩ֪һˣôܻ֪£
ô֪쿴ˣЦΪЩˣɱġ
⻰һطһʿһ¶ı顣ɱ֮һʱȻնľŸ㾳Ϻɼ棿һգһ㾳Ϊնɱɣ֮ǰѾնɼǿˣ
㡭ģ
ĵ͵治ɵһ鶼Ǳøӵľŭ
ǰһ֮䣬Ÿ㾳Ϻɼ棬£Ȼģ
ҡ쿴ˣǴŵЦƽôϲⲻ⣿
˱飬˻ĵ͵ŭĽҪը
Ķ㾹ˣ

һ̣ǸĻһǣǾŸ㾳Ϻ£ֻһĸ߲֪ȴ֪ˣԲ
һ㣬㾳ΪնɣҲɻط㾳Ϊնɱһĵ棬ôֶطնȥɣҲǲܡ

˴ŭĿԲ죬񱩵ֶΣ볯ɱȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģɵͬʱƵɱ֮˵㡣
ֻ˲ѣ˱ǳ嵽ǰΪµķŭʱֱȴطǣǳֲϢ޾ǵͨɵ
쿴ɱ΢ֵֽһӡ
ɱ
Ц
£طر𶯣ͷӵص׳ÿһͷаңÿһͷƵŨϢ֮ơ
̼䣬͵촫͵ͨɵ뱻飬ڶƺţֱӽ˸ײķ顣
Ѫ׷С
һĻŵطһʿһ
ȻǳԵС̫ҲɵΪȻ涶һ¡
ǿ£
¡
ʱС̫ʱͣĿս

ŭ͵飬껹飬˻ԻܰŸԵѪйǣɿؾ


1510 Ԫ
͵ϾɼǿߣұȵҪǿһЩûôȥѪ⣬תۼؾ۳
죬ʱǾŭޱȣͬʱһӾ⣬ǣطϢʵֲ̫ˣɼǣȻȫ⡣
쿴ˣûж˵ʲôϡ
£Ϣ۳ޱȣͷ­ϣˡ
͵ͺ𣬸ԼһڱֱΪһͭ¯һڱӡɢŨϢɵ򣬷
ȹǳȥǻ·Ϣ۶ɽϡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģǿӿ磬ɱ
Ȼȴûʲôá
Ϊ磬󣬽طĺڶڵĺϢ۶Ȼ۷弶ɣҲƵĿ
ﬣ
̶ĽصԺϢ۳󽣣ճ͵նȥĽâֱӸѿطĴƬա
͵ͣ¹ط磬ӿӭɱķâȽâ¡
ҲʱʵХɫƽͷˣֱײϡ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫը͵ͷײķ飬ԵǱɳȥԶĵرϣֱҳ˵ľ޿ӡ

ӿٴؾ
ˣʵ
ƽƣֱӽӡط󳹵׿
໣
Хٴ𣬵ر⣬嫵Ϣһͷͷӵص׳֮ͬǰġɱγ֮ƣȴ֮ǰɱǿ̫౶ֱ͵лС
ɵǸоȹƵĿ£ŭ屬˵Ļܺ͸ǿɵҪܼг
ϧȴá
ʱطĺϢΪԴȪǵɱ̫ǿˣȻǽˣҲÿԵֵסοѾ飬شɳڵ͵档

ƽ󳹵׷ڣͷ뷢

һҵĽһ̱ʧһɶڳױ֮£ĵһ飬ֱ
һĵ֣ȴסɱڲ顣
㲻ùģһ
һ̣֪Լɣȼһ֣ʩչĳǿдһ⣬ڼ˲ʧƬص׿ռڡ
һ±鵭
˶ãܿͻǵ𣡡
˻𣬶һǲҽ걻ֲ֮ѹ飬
һĻһʱ䣬طһʿǴ
ȫˣ
Щ˷ĺһĵ桢͵ɱǿɣǿڼѷ꿹֣ȴȫնɱط
һ㾳ʿɱ
⣬⡭
Щ˿죬һ̲ס£ֻоһӺˣֱ̫£̫׿ˣ
ԶС̫ҲǶžȵɫ
ܻƺܱ
ĵ
طʿС̫ڳԾôնĵ桢͵ͬʱȴҲǼǵ֮ǰǰȥһ⡣
Ǹǡ
΢΢ü
ǰ콫ƽϢĿ⣬ǿ֮ǰȼһȥǵâɳķлһĨ΢⡣
⵹Ҳǲûг̫ãһ̣ǽĿջأһǸλϣرڱȻ֮ǰ͵
֣ץУĨϵ˵ľӡֱ뵽ڡ
ֵǷǳ޴ġ
ߵ곬֮¡
˵Сӣղţϻǵâʲô
ԴЩ⡣
ǰһ̣һڸǿ˸֪ҵһЩ°ɡһ㲢Ѳ£ԴˣҲ̫⣬С̫ŵСһΪǻ
ΪǻЩ棺㲻һ
ʱܹӦֻǴ۷壬طûʲôջն桢͵ӦúһŶԣȴǳΪǻȻԼطЩ档
ǵΧЩʿͻȻǵɸţΧһʿڵİΪӡʮɱ棬֮£ûмƵĿҪһ㡣
⡣ҡͷùңСһΪǻٺǽ
طκ壬Ϊڵųɵ壬޷Ԫ˼һ£Ժַܳɹ۳ԪΪ֮Ͽ硣
С̫ЩɵĿһۣĻǺ
ȴҲ֪쵱ԼĿǺ뷨ʱҲûʡ
ҺСһٺϸ˵

£С̫תžʼط곬֮ؼɵ
һʱ䣬ģҡҷ»Ϣ
漴ܹԼоĵ̼Ũͻ
쿴С̫ĬĬ£Χһʿ
ӭЩʿɵöһ˲ĺһʵǾЩ£ղһնɱɣǵƾǰЩͨʿǸη塣
쿴ЩʿķӦȻ֪ηԼû⣬һΪС̫һĬĬ˼˼ԼӦȥ

ǣĵʮɽУ֮ء
ʱವһһâԶճתۼûһ
һ̣ɿֱֲӴ˵ɱ⣬Ϣɵڡ
ʲôֶΣ֮أ
һ쳹񷡣

Ļȣص硣
ڳԣΪС̫ͬʱ˼ԼӦȥԪ
ˣһۣչȥ
䣡
䣡
պһ죬ɾ˵ԵеϢɵ֯䡣


1511 ʼ
Ϣɵ֯Ȼ΢̺ȴǷǳľˣԣС̫Աǣǰǿ̫ࡣ
벽ɡ
쿴ߣлһĨ΢⡣
ʱգһ죬С̫Ǵ۷뵽˰벽ɲΡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƬصУ֮ǰһʿɻΧطڿһˣʱȻҲǷС̫ﵽ˰벽ɲΣǲɵ˸
Ͼ벽ǿ֮УҲǾԵľͷˣ˿ɵֵ
ˬ
ԣһķ˷ܵĺС
⣬âӿ˿˿ƵɵңɵĲɵУҲǷǳǰɵͬѰ
һߣС̫еâɵϢΪɵɵɵҪǿϲ٣Ի¼򷨣һʥɵڹϻǷϣŷǳ˵

쿴С̫Цŵ˵ͷԺԵĸо֮ǰһϣһʵ

ҡҷʱѾһЩϢȴɺܾˡ
һñ
ĵ
ʱ䣬С̫ɹ۳һԪ뵽벽ɾǣȴû̫ɰ硣
ͷȷʵֵˣȻɼǿ߶Ҳر
СӣڻҺСһΪ㻤

áҡͷҵʱ˵⣬ûЧ
Ļʱ¶ɫ
г⣿ʲô⣿
ʵһЩ
ԱߣС̫Ҳǿ졣
쿴ۻΧۿһʿطǽ
˵ţԴС磬ŨֱӽطĳС
ʱ곬ɻ߱ŷǳ˵ܣǻŴãȻߡ
໣
̶Ƭص磬ܼûȫһֱڳ⣬ʱ򣬼콫𣬸оǶǶԼջյĻϢʧʱȫĳɱȥĿ
̧֣һƬâɳֱӽƬնķ顣
Щ飬Ȼ඼ܱȵϵۻʼаǰȴǴĺܡ
ߡ
ûʿкС̫ͷϿڶȥ
úڵ˼ߵĵطͷϣµ֡
ﬣ
춯֣һϷ
âʮϳһ·ɺȵ㣬΢âϷ£ֱͨ˵صͶλϵĻȡ
漴С̫ϣͨڣֱӿص硣

ص磬һʿһ뿪ķ˾þõŲӡ
ߣˡ곬
˵ϧź
ʵǣ̫ǷˣһʿȻֻǵõһ֦ɣҲǺôȴ㱻ߣЩʲôҲòҲǰȥᣬϾɲһʿɼ涼ն˼һ˭ҺȺᱦ
ǴѰ·
Լ˵ģ֮ǰҲնɣټطն桢͵棬һˣն棡ټɱǾŸ㾳ϣϲǣֱд붼С
Ȼ㾳Ϊնɱǿ£
ֲˣ
ǿгۣˣ桢һ벽ɺ;Ÿǿ߾ڶʱڱͬһɱֱǵ˰˱Ѫù
ɲ𡣡
ιƻ᳹״ŭˣ˵һĴʼ滹ţڴ˵еڣҺһϵƺһķٻʼһͨĽɶ޷ֵס
£
ҵҲֻ˵оųɵĿġ
⡭
ʿԾ
ͻȻ̶쳹Ƭص׿ռ䡣
Ƭص׿ռڣʱɻŲţȡߣ뿪ʱһȫøӵ׿ĿⶢסƬص׿ռڵһʿɱȥӿš
һʿһԳ֣ⷭնܼ顣

졢С̫뿪ص磬ʱĻڣѾĻȵλԽԽ
СӣڿԽˣ֮ǰᵽг⣬ʲô⣿
ʵ
С̫Ҳǿ졣
ڵųɵ
콫Լڵųɵ޷Ԫ£˵һ¡
ԣʱۡ
ɵų⣿Ǿʲô̫Ե˰ɣ
Ծ
޷ԴԴڿ޷ʿƿصĴڵų⣬·Դͨһ㣬û뵽Ȼɵų⡣
ֵɵʣ˰ɣѵ֮ϵ죺ǣҲᰡ˵Уֱ֣ʱ䡢ռôֵմߡ
ֻʿڿƿأɵֻʿڿɾƿأֻʿڿ񾳲ƿأǿǺΪûκιϵǵҪľʺͿѪſԸ򵽡
򵥵˵ǣֻʿڿƿأɵֻʿڿɾſƿأֻʿڿ񾳺ſƿأ֮ϵǺʹɵԼͬȵΪƣֻҪ㹻Ѫǿκʱпܸƿص
ʣʾԹˣѪɣϾǿֻ壬ѪǿǶ⼶ģĻпƿġ
ǣʱ䡢ռ仹ǵ̫ˣֻҪʩչڵһʱ䷢ǣȴһƬģ޾ĺ⣬ʲôӦ
ԣ԰ٷ֮ٶ϶ֵԲܻ
һʼո㲻ԴĵʲôôİԵȻɵų⣬ǱʶΪʡ
ȻҲֱǡ鷳
ǳԾԡ
ųɵǾ޷ԪԪ޷ɵıԴӡӡڣǾ޷뵽ɲΣڿ벻˰벽ɣίʵǸ⡣
鷳͸
ҲЩΡ


1512 ǿ
ԼڵЩΣȻǳǿ󣬵ųɵʹ޷ɵıԴӡڣ޷Ԫһ޷ɲΣڣ벽ɾһ⡣
⣬Ӧ
ʵ
ʱɣ

Ͳˣôǿ˳ˡ
䣬ʱȥڵ£кС̫Ļȥ
ƤͼϵļأпǽƬǸ߲СԲλãǴĻģȥȷһǽƬԾһڴϲ£ΪƬ˵ʵ̫Ҫˡ
£һ޳ĻĴȥ
ƬȵռصķΧǳп߾һԽĴȥеǱøŨ¶ȱԽԽ͡
ಣ
ƿ֮ǰһڰɽϣǿҹĿ֯ŵϢԿȵۿ۷弶ʿ
쵯ָһɳֱӽͷҹն顣
ΪԸۿռҹʵ̫ˣǰ㣬ָͿɱ
ⲻֻǸС޷Ӱһ޵ĽŲȥ
֮ŸӵĿĻаǸʬʬޣа飬ܲһ㣬ǿģܿǿߡ
һ޶ԣȴ㲻ʲôɱаȫ׵ն
һۣʱȥ
ʱһ߳Զ;նаƬĻȵλá
ȥĻСɽǳɫ֮ڵرڣһȭͷС߲ʹԴƯڿУɢ߲ʹ⡣
Ȼ߲ʹԴ
һ
иǻâ֮ǰ²ƤͼϵǸ߲СԲǡпܾǽƬ룬Ȼˣ
ҡ
С̫
˵ţֱӳǰȥܿɫСɽ⡣
طһЩӡСһ£ͬһˣȻϡ뵽ǵǿӡƤͼ
ʱǸȻѰط˽Ƭȴ޷֮ߣΪһ޷ƿؽƬ񽣱Уԣ֮󣬵Ͼ֮£˽طĽƬڵλãӡһƤͼѩãǡС
Ե֡

ôţ󣬾ֱ뵽ɫСɽ֮ڡ
СɽɲǣʶУʶײ߲񽣶ʱ΢
ͬһʱ䣬ƺǸӦĽĳ֣ǰȭͷĽƬҲ֮һ𶶶ɢһȦȦ߲ԣˮư㳯쵴
дտտâûԥֱһ۱Ƭǰ
ˣ
ȭͷСĽƬ֯ŵ߲ԱøҫۣһʱΧתͬʶ㡣
漴һ̣Ƭһವһû뵽ڡ
ӿںһ̼ѣʶײ߲񽣽֮ǰ΢΢һ£ֱû񽣽֮ڡ
ʱ߲ҲΪ֮΢иŨ߲ɢң߲⣬һͬǰ㣬ʶײӿÿһ䡣
ѰƬ֮ѰĽƬ
֪߲ʹâֵˣû˿ԥת̫ľᳵ·߲ʹâ֮׳ԼѪꡣ
һʱ䣬ľʱʼ
ˣһۣʱȥ
ʱµĽƬ񽣱߲ԣȫϣľøʢǱøǿս֮ʱǰǿ˲١
΢΢˸Լľ񣬶ɨʶе񽣡
ʱѾǰϵİƣ˸࣬ɢϢӺˣԼǰУǿѹնһС
ǿһƬĴذ㣬Ϣ
˶٣ȥͨ񽣡
񽣺ܰδ
һ
ֱȥʮȫ߶ͨʶײԭѾ߲񽣣ٴζ
һĻʱʹһϲ
ʱԸ⣬Լֱӽ߲ʶڻ
һֵþϲ¡
ȻҲԼо˳ʱ㹵߲ͨ񽣣һΪۼĽƬԽԽ࣬ҲʱΪҪһ㣬Ǿǣ˿̲ŸոµĽƬ߲ڣ൱߲񽣴ӳ˯бˣʱ򣬱Ƚ׹ͨͻʱƣʱ½ƬڵȶȽɢٳɹͨ񽣣Ǿͻˣ졣
ģǵøռƬռԽ࣬ɹͨĻʱԽ󡣡

漴΢΢һԭԶ˶ٺ߳СɽķΧصС̫ԡ
߰ɣ뿪ˡ
С̫
ⷽĻȣҪĿģƤͼϵ߲СԲǲǽƬ漴Ԥϵǰ㣬ȷʵǽƬ
񣬽ƬѾɹȡǱǾȻûбҪط
ߡ

߲ɫĽƬͬѰѾܶȡȶˣҲͲʱǰ㾪ȣѾϰΪ
£һ޳Ļȥٶȱطʱǿ˲١
һ̶ۣӹȥ߳ĻĺԶĻȵıԵλãѾûжپ롣
СӣҸĵطú˼һӦ

֪
ͷ
ڵųɵ޷ɵıԴӡڣˣ޷Ԫ޷·ǰߣһ⣬þС
£ĲӸЩС̫һ𣬼Ļȥ
ﬣ
ͻȻ̶һĽӲŨɼϢ
ǷС̫ҲǺʮԶܿâ
һ̣һرնĽâرնһ޴֡
ĸ˵
ȵ˳Žնķȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ̧ͷ˳ŽնķȥֻӰǸΪߣǿǳȻȻɼϢ

ߣӵ΢΢
ˣƵϢɱǼ̫ˣͬĴйž⣬Ŀԡ
ԱߣС̫ȻҲǿ˳ɼǿߡ
ɱһ벽ɡŸ㳤Ϻ棬ֱǻĲͷˣһ飡ɱ壡
߷ֱΪһ桢ڶ͵棬Ϊһǿɣޱƽڡ֮УΪ׵ĵһ濪ڣ죬ɭ̹ǣںɱ
ǰĻȵǷصһĵڱӡ󳹵ѹǰȼһһ⣬аһ£ʹڵǿ֪ɱһ⣬֮ǰĪľŸ㳤ϺҲɱң桢͵棬ҲУŭ㣬ڴ˿̣ɱ


1513 ٳ
쿴ɱĵһ桢ڶ͵棬ȻµõΪλ֪֮ǰľŸ㳤ϺһɱΪ֮ǰһǰһâ棬̺Щ
£һҲ⣬´˿ɱԶ֮ǰһĵ桢桢桢桢ڰ͵ھǿ
ǣɱң
֪ʡ
Ϊ𣿣
нǺâ֯ɱ
ɱ⣬ǳˣʹƬռ·Ҫ˪˰㣬ضΪ֮΢
С̫ɵö£´ﵽ˰벽ɲΣޱƽڵǿߵĴ̹ɱ⣬ɼ΢ϾȻǴڰ벽ɾȴֻ۳һԪѣɣǲ̫Զ̫Զ
ҲȻܸоɱĿ£Ѫһ̶ʹ
ֻǣıȴûκα仯˿ļɵ֮ɫ
෴ϣһ˿ϷŰЦ
Ȼ֪һɱɱˣǻͲҲ˰㣬У
˵
һ桢ڶ͵ı飬Ǳøӵɭ
ǿ죬ںɱҪǧС
С֣ɱɣΪҵȲ֪аΪаܹκε
һĵһ溮
Ż䣬Եĵڶ͵ˣڣһ˲Ϣͼ
ⷽͼԲΣ֯Ÿָ䣬ֱͷϿգ˿˿Ƶâ漴һ̣һĵһ涯֣ȡһСƿǴ㵹һһʿ꣬ǧҡ
ǧ꣬ܲףȴǻеľȻѾɢʶ
һĵһٴζ֣һֱ֣ǧ꣬һԵĴ뵽ͷͼ֮С
̼䣬ͼâţһɼΪɲѡ
ǣ׼ͼ
ݡ
ȻҲ˳һ׼ʽͬʱҲܸоͼӿĿ£ɵ΢΢˫ۡ
䣡
һͷͼǧʿ꣬ӽ֯ӿܣԽԽ£ⷽռڣϷҵĺֺ·Ҫ˵궼һ㡣
Ƭռ䣬ɵΪķһһŤ
漴һ̣ͼ֮ϣĹâ𣬸ǿӿ˿˿Ƶĵ⣬ֱûһڣʹһɢϢתۼɿ
ϣռ䷢죬ֱӱ飬пռȴ˲䱻ѹķ飬лâ֯˳
ˣ
ͼӿϢǿĹâҫۣһ̣ͼԣֱûһĵһڣʹɢϢ̼ٴαǣɽ˰㡣
ֲĲµĵ涼Ȼܲˣѷͬ֩һ㳯˷ӣطΪģԲڵ飬ǱսսĩսҪ١
С֣ɿˣǣҽ̾ڵĴʼʼǧʿ׼
һ濪ڣͬŵۻʰ㸩죬Į߸ϡ
һ̣ܲǿһΪֲĳ̶ȣʹò񷶼ҡƺһ̣Ҫ̮顣
ǧʿ׼ͦõġһеͽ׼Ǿ͸ˣҸһٰʮޡ

Լµĵͽ׼£й̵ġ
һ治̫еġҸһٰʮޡʲô˼ȴó컰еķ̣֪ڳԼµ׼Իȡڵʼ£ɫǱøӵı
ԭеصǡҽ̾ڵĴʼʼȴֱӽ¸ˣֻɱԼһǧͽȡ¡
С֣
̹ǣһٴαǣֲѹҪء
˲һڤƺҪ̮ˣһıݡ
СӣЩ
ıˣʱһɢϢֲ̫ˣѾԶԶɼǿӦеˮ׼ȻԿȽˡ
ԱߵС̫ҲǲɵüĴ˸
ûʲôġ
ȻҲܸоһʱĿֲǣʼĺܿ£ǣȴʼԵúƽ
⻹ûʲôⶼѾԿȽˣƣԱȵϽڵĴڣͨ񵤣ҲԿ˰ڣڻƬص磬ĺҲÿԵס
ۡ
С̫Ҳɵÿ죬ҲǵŴ۾һܲģɷǿɰ
ûʲô˲ġ

ʹС̫Ӳ첻⣬ʱһĿֲ쾹Ȼô侲
ͬһʱ䣬棬һɭĶ죬Ŀ罣
󣬲Զһڶ͵ЦһмĿ졣
ûʲô˲ģڶ泰ҵȴʼŵķɵѾԿȽɫڵˣȻ˵ûʲô˲𣿡
úϻʲôֱѹΪȡǳʯϵб󣬹ʬҳ֮⣬˿ҳкεȵ³
һ͵һ
һĿɱԣˣһʹ˱̮
֮ռҲ顣
ͬʱٶҲǿĺˣɲǼǳǰצֱۿȥϽ֯˵ĵɱ㣬ȷһ첲Ȼ
ﬣ
̶Ľ˵ĻϣһɾڻȻ
۵һѪˮ䣬һ浱ɣֱӱòƲطͷܿԶһɽڣɽҵķѣ̳
棡
ڶ͵̼ɫǿɣһ棬ǧӵ׼ڵʼһս϶ԣѾԿڼĽˣɴ˿̣ڹɱʱȴȻԼ˳ȥǸ󾪡
ǿŵһɳȥķֿ죬󣬵Ǻݺһ
㣬ǡ
һ̣϶һ񽣣֯˿˿Ƶ߲⣬˸ַĪƣɼΪȻһһֻܸоһɿֲĲ̺֮ڣƺܽǿնն
ǣȻС̫Ҳ𾪣ϵ߲񽣣ӲûɳǼڵ񽣣֪񽣵ĿֲΪһߣ۷䵽ʶΣ֮Ǵģ֪񽣵Ŀֲ̣ƽռ䣬񽣣񣬾˳


1514 ţһëĽ
컽߲񽣣ʵǾĲС
㡭˳
ֱۡ
ʵǣ̫ˡ
ǡһŽƬڣʱڿǿ

΢㶣漴뵽ʲô߲ʹԴ񽣵ĽƬ
С̫ԣҲһ汦ӿ졣
ǶɵĻУһ¾Ͳ³ص߲ʹԴʲô
ԡ

ܣǶС̫Ȼûʲôġ
ʹС̫һ
ǾȻǣ񽣵ĽƬҲ˵񽣣
ۡ
ͷȷʵǲԣҲһֱѰҽƬ𡣡
۾ɵĸһ񽣣ȻҲƣ
ɡ£һ򱻻ɵһ棬ѹ֮ǰϰٻʼһҲ⣬ԭ񽣸˵үСһƾ׵ļɵһ󡣡
һʼ˵ûʲô˵ġ

߲ϣʱƿأ񽣣ɿٵһ㣬֯ŵϢѹǿˡ
ڶ͵濴񽣣סľ嶼ɵ÷̫ѹ
䣡
Զܳ𣬱ƵƬռ䡣
һ𣬲תۻָɭĶ죬־ŭ
ֶ֪ΣɱɣһֱٻʼԸԼʵȥһ죬һֶ̫ǿʵⲻ˶תնɱ
ǣҲû뵽ǣٻʼս죬սɿڽɣȿɿڽǿߵضתۼѹ죬ǣȴתۼͱɣ˲ˡ
죬ҧгݣҲϵ߲ɫ񽣣ҲӦ˳ղԼǱɣҲӦ񽣷ǳ¡
Сֶ֣β٣аа֮Ȼôǿķ
죬ɱŨ
֮ǰһĵǰһâھϢĻ棬֪һ㡣ȴ룬ȴֶ⣬Ȼôһڿµ񽣡
棬ܽ𣿡
һĵڶʵʵǱ̫ǿˡ
ԱߣһĵҲǿһ档
һӱղҴˣ뵽Сһǿ񽣣ɱ練ƣ
˵ţһ𣬶ʱ䣬طغնʼҡһɱ֮ǰӿµϢƵʮռȫҪĥһС
һĵڶ͵ǰһԭ컽ʱ򣬼ŵһɢǿܲɭ
Щѹúĥһ
ڶ
һͷϢ
ϣȴ̹ǵı⣬ʱҲһ˿˿Ⱥ̰ƾǷӲȫܣˣ
˵ţһһ죬ÿһ£ضΪ֮𶯺ҡ
ԵϢƺҪķһС
⻰㵹˵ĲΪȷʵǷӲȫܣţһëĽӲӭ֮ǰµܲıʼպƽԸ㣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
һߣԲѣ
䣬ٶȱ仯֮մ飬ڽɵ嫺һ㣬ƺƵĳѹ¡
Цһץסϵ߲񽣣һбն¡
ﬣ
죬һ߲ʽɹ͵һһɼĺȫ𣬶󣬽âбɶһնԶʮΡɽ
һĻС̫һǲɵõɴ˫ۡ
һն򣬼ֱǡ

Ȼĵһ棬ʱҲǺݺһɫǱˡ
㡭
죬е߲񽣣ʱļһ
ͬһʱ䣬Զһĵڶ͵棬ȻҲǸһ
⣬⡭
һƣл̿֡
̫ˣ
߲񽣣ҲȻȻе߲ʹâƣ˳еһµ޵н
ɱңὣڣǺú̸һ̸
˵
䣬һе߲һ棬Ǽ򵥵һն¡
ȻֻǼΪ򵥵һȴǿһʱ˲񷡣
һԴٻǿʩչĺĴͨûһ޴Ӱɸߣһӭϡ
Ӱǳ£һããռ䣬Ϣˡ
ȻײնһʱӰȴǴĿֻգۼķѡ
ңӰ󣬽âնƲδͣ£ٶһϡ
۵һһըֱӱһնһѪ

ըȴǲ𣬷ŭתۼһξ۳
쿴ˣܵȻƽ粽һ
וּһ̶ĽգۼٴαƵһǰ
㡭
ۣ
â̫ǿͿˣһ滹Ӧһν֮ķ顣
棡
⡭ôܣ
ĵڶ͵һŹǿˣǧ׼ǣʼһѾԿȽڵǿˣеǰȴȻ㲻αˡ
ɡ£
С̫Ҳļ¡
һߣǿ񱩵һӿĵһûȥӿٴؾ۳
ǽʼܿ
쿴˵
߲񽣾˫ɱƥĵһȻûȥȷʵЩǿ
Ȼ֪ҲΪԼΪ̫ܴͣ߳񽣵̫ˣľţһëһնһС
ĵһ棬ûٶ˵ʲôһһն¡
ĵһ־ŭʱٸ˿ԽʼֱӼǿɵ򣬷֮ƺƵһƥĵ֮ʮռ䣬һӭϡ
ͣ
һ죬һɵ̼ȫն
ܣ
˴󺧣ԿȽǿߵ߶Լǿɵ򣬾Ȼô׾ͱһնˡ
ûʲôܡ
̧һ
Ľٶȿ쵽㣬գۼǹᴩããգһͷϿգѹ¡
һǿĻͨϧȴǸסɱ
ۣ
Ѫ俪һһαնķ飬궼


1515 ݶĵһ
Ѫˮɽĵһٴαն飬津Ŀġ
棡
Զڶ͵̲סһһǿˣʼһսǿɵ򣬿ǰȴȻĲһٶıն飬Ѫˮա
汩
һߣԶۣɵ˿Һ
䣡
˵ܳԶնһٴؾɫѿ˼㣬쾪ŭѣͬʱҲһƿ־塣
Żܸ㣡

漴һ̣ǿɵӿһԵĳѹȥ
񷣬գأȫҡƺһ̾Ҫ
ɱΪˡ
ƽڴˣһն¡
͵һĽâһɵ۵һжһһ첲дƬѪˮ֮ϡ
ĵһݺһϱ۴Ѫϵŵŵɵĺˡ
һ˲䣬
ߣ룡ȥ
Ը󷽵ĵڶ͵к˳ߡ
Ϊʱ׿˳Ȼһǧʿ׼ʼһսǳǿ󣬵ȴҲĵסеǱ񽣡
̫ˣ
ˣߣ
쿴ˣȻܷŶԷ뿪Ҫɱĵˡ
̧֣񽣣߲âһʱƵֱλ÷ԲǧڵĿռȫһ·ȫضϡ
浱һһ𣬻ܷڣһڳ񵶣ɵ֮ͨûڽɼǰնͼ߲ŵƬռնһ·뿪ط
Ȼ߲γɵķ̫֮ǿˣµһնȫûЧ
ʹһһ־ŭĿ죺㡭
ﬣ
𣬴ʯգ˽ǰ۵һؿڴ͸
Ľ⣬ֱʹٴը
Ѫ֯졣
һ˻겻飬ٴ
ʹ򡣡

˵ţϣһն¡
һոǾӭһ۵һٴαն顣
ʼһ棬ʱǿľˣһαն󣬾ȻǷɿ
ҿٴΡ

е񽣣̶һĽâϳŶԷն¡
ˣʮУĵһ棬Ŵαն飬ϵϢʼٶȱԽԽ
ϻ˶ˡ
ĵ
С̫ĽٲȻǱźһ˼
߲񽣣ͬڷһӽڽʮУǽԷնϡ
һһδն飬ϢԽԽеĿ־ԽԽŨƫͷסԶһĵڶ͵棬ֱ֣̽һѽץУҲѪ⣬׼ʼ棡ǵ꣬һٻʼ
һڶ͵һ¶֮ɫ棬㡭
ǵ껻ȡʼսҵǿֱնˣܱȫطҪöˣ
һʱЩ
˵ţܣ۵ڶ͵飬ٶȽ˵ʶĨٴ֮ǰ׼ͼֱӽһĵڶ͵뵽ͼ֮ڡ
˶ʹ졢С̫Ƕݡ
϶ǹݶǵڶ͵棬ͬʦܰɣ㱻ɱ׼ȡ

䣡
һ潫һڶ͵׼ͼУһʱ䣬ͼܴкƵӿһ̫ɽ˰㣬ǵȲ˵˼㡣
طռ䣬ΪȲ
漴һ̣Ⱥͬ׼ͼವһڣת۱ʹĵһϢǣڱǴﵽһµĸ߶ȣһʼǧĴʿʼ֮ʱҪǿᣬǿʢֱһƬƬա
ããã
һ澪ϲ˷ܺͷ񣬿Լ˫֣΢΢ЩȻǸоԼ˿̵ǿ󣬱ȸղǿ̫ˡ
Ĳͬˮһ㣬һȦȦӿȥ
Ϣղǧʿ껻ȡǿʮ
ݡ
Ͼǿߵ׼ȡǿߵ֮ɲǧʿᲢۡ

ͷһ㣬ȻҲ֪϶ʱսԿ۷弶ĽˣôǸʼ棬ҲɼΪ
䣡
ܷӿǰһϵϢ
Ц˷ޱȣ漴¿죬ĿԵЩС֣ڣʼսԿȰ벽ɣء
ﬣ
̶ֻ̧ӽһ߲ʽâᴩããգ˲˵Ļֱǰ۵һؿڹᴩѪˮһƬһƬ
һŵŵɵĺˣԼᴩؿڣŲؿӶѪˮϵͷ񵱼͡
㣬㡭
죬
ʱѾԿȰ벽˰ȴȻɱһնˡ
ȻС̫Ҳǲɵõۡ
ǡ£
е߲񽣣ĵ˿
߲񽣣Եúƽʱ򣬳һȥ
ӭ߲ĵһ浱Ǻݺݵһ̲סǵŵŵɵĺˣʼӵ˰벽ɼս󶼱һᴩһĿ־壬ֱ˸
ôôҡڣѾԿȰ벽˰ôܻͬղǰ㣬ⲻܣܰ
е߲񽣣ֹסķ
벽ΣԿɣգҲҪ

û˱߲жô£Ϊܸߣ񽣾ţһëĽӲǣʱ㾳Ϊ߶񽣣նɱһʿҲ㹻õ
䣬һһӰƵ߲ɫ⡣
һ˽㡣
˵
ʱٺĵһˣֱ۷弶Ϊ߲񽣴߶ܴ߶ļޣֱնһ߽߳âƵƥɱããգתۼһǰ


1516 ٴϮĺΣ
߲ʽâ߳ߣԵЩ£ձնһ޴ѷ죬ռŻһ
һ󺧣ֵܵ򣬳һӭϡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģȫܵǳˣڷ
飡
ŭ
쵭ĿǹһƲмЦˣ
ϵĽ̶ǳ߽߳â˲Ϣն
ͣ
һ죬һܣȫ顣
һݲô᣿
֣ӶݣҪܿһ
ȻһȫΪ߲նһƥĽɢܵÿһռọ̈̄Ȼķ֣Լʱͻأ侹޷ˣֻĿһѹ
ס
ۣ
߽߳âնƬѪˣֱӽһնķ顣
ѪƮڿУ߽⣬Ҳһһ±顣
λ٣
ɲǼ䣬طһ¾Ͱ
ɡǿ£ֱ޵ˣ
ֹۣסĵ
ԱߣС̫Ĺ΢΢һ£ȻҲʮֵĳԾ
߲񽣣΢΢е񽣣һ֮
漴岻ɵûһ¡
ôˣˣղû˰
Ȼ£üʵ
ҡͷûУֻĹˡ
߲񽣾ƥǣƥ񽣣߶ҪķѵܣҲ󣬾ͬʩչһЩ㡣ʱΪ߲񽣹ɱһȫʩΪ˿̵ȻǼˣһɶûʣ¡
ҸĵطҵϢһ¡
˵
£кС̫߳ĻȣúһƬʮְѰһƧĵطȡһЩٻָıķѰʱ󣬵Ϣϣʩչ߲ʱķѵȫأﵽ۷״̬
ˡ
վС̫߳Ƨ֮أⷽȥ
ⷽӺľȴһ޺ܿߵ֮⡣
˵СӣľŸȫˣһδεɱǣΣȥϴһ˫۷Ź⣬һ޾Ļۣеĸֱĵرˣ
ҡͷһ򵥣ڹĽɼɱͽɼıʵǿдϻǾһ
㲻ǱһӦöնɣʲô
졣
бһۣΪʱǱ֮ǰֻΪƬռԽԽ࣬ǡռµһ齣ƬԿ֮Ҫٴʾ̫Сˣ졣
ɵ죬ģԵЩʧ
֮ǰţǱ߲ˣǿԺᵴ˷ɶԲù˼ɣȴ룬Ǳ񽣵Ļʾ΢СĿ
ûá
б졣
ͷ϶ʱðߣһ
ˣͻȻ뵽ʲô죬۵ղ㻽Ǳ񽣺ͨɶɱҲնϰղôûնһͨ·ǴȥǿǸõط
ô򵥡ȷʵ㹻նˣǣһûƿصɵģλöоôն
ǿգһƬǿջҪĴ磬ǣһȴӦںηֻƿɵ򣬲ģӦλڣھ߱㹻ɵӦڣ˺ϣ˲ܹ뵽ڡ񽣺󣬵ȫ㹻ˣûɵ򣬸Ӧλã޴޷նͨ·
ȷʵ΢㶣Ȼܿ뵽һ£ΪЩɻĵǣ˵Ǽ棬ܽʼﵽȰ벽ɵĳ̶ȣұҲɣƿɵ򣬵ǿԽʼͨȥǣȴΪʲôͣƬǿУ
ŨȣǿǿʢһƬеʥأҸֻԵ࣬Ҳˣ˵֮ǿƣҲֻǼͨʿ洦ܿǼɣǿǶľͷ߳ƣ۰£ȥǾʲôҲ㲻ˡǲԸȥԭ򡣡

ſڣ˼ǣţͷβ
ǰɡ

£ʵǺͱʮڣ²Ҳкܶʿɿϲ򣬿иõ͸ĻԵЩȴδȥΪõ͸ĻԵҲŸпľ͸пսλҲԶ²ԣ˱ѡϲȥ
Ƿǳһ˵ţһߺԼС̫Ƶ
ͻȻ΢һΣյĸо˲Ϣ
˼ֱнɫâӿС̫ɲǼƳȥɶԶ
ɻ󣺡СӣͻȻʲ
˵ţһǸղǸλãͫ׶ʱɵһ
С̫ҲǶݡ
ˣ
ĥ
ȥǸղĵطϢĶһӰΪһߣ׺ܲϣӺĮɢһļµϢͬһںڶ㣬ǿе½Ǹߣ׷ɱҪȡеԪɵǣҲΪ߶ǣ룬Էʱֳˡ
ϰ鳣ϴûбɱ
߷ǳɵȴǲ
Įͬһڱɱ㶢ʹʱɵô˸궼Ҫѿ˰㡣
ģϰ鳱ȵǿˣϢǸһʼҪǿ˺ܶ౶ʱҲܿɣ
ɵö¡
ߣ
ûж˵ʲôԽɫâС̫ǲһʱʩչޣ漴٣һ磬ֱӳԶȥ
ʱ򣬸ҪҲ֪ȫûк߿ֶΡ
ͬʱҲļ£ߵ̫ˣԸоĵԷûлָ۷״̬һɵûָˣȴʱ򿰱ǿߡˣԷ괦۷ʱõǶǿҲɰɣпڡ
ಣ
ٶȼ죬һƿյգۼǳȥɾ롣
߿ߣһƬĮŵ㺮⣬Ϣıʧԭء漴һ˲䣬γһλϣֱӽ߳ȥһ£ɿݴ̧գƺƵĳץȥ


1517 Ͼƹ
գƬռ䶼ˣһֻûɵĴѹ¡
͵ֹסΣ޿ɱܣҧһȭӭϡ
ˣ
һȭûκεıֱȫϣʩչ˻ȭԼֱӱѹһƬ
һ̣ȭͷͶԷѹĴײһ
飡
һҵ죬ѪУС̫һɳȥӳȭͷѺۣѪˮ
ҧκεͣ٣ԽɫâС̫ٴζ뿪
С̫ΪȻһЩǣսٶȣȴɻǱǿϲ١
ಣ
ǲٶȿľˣһ۱ɵľ롣
ߵ壬ɿĵˣģһƬ
СӣһԣܲٽǱ

ҡͷһˣͨʶе񽣣ǣ֮ǰԤǰ㣬ҪٴιͨһѶ̫ˣѿʵ֡
ռڲɭ亮ϢԺ󷽸֣תۼٴο
Įٴ̧֣ץȥ
ܣֱӽƴСԪȡУӭŶԷĴ֣һȭȥ
ʱϣԪͬϴΰٴδŹâ߻ˡ
ǼȡԪĮлһĨâ̽Ĵֶ˼İڹ⸡ֶһǿհѹ¡
УԪһûз⣬һͨשʯ
飡
һΣײһֱ۳ָģѪͬˮ䡣
ңһɴ͸ֱ۴ʹҲֳܼѺۡ

ҧûзӦԪһ̫޸壬һߴС̫Ӷݡ
һ̣һķպһɿµֶ򶼱ˡ
ˣ
һ
Ȼǿܽʮȫˡ
Ԫһʹ졣
䣬ĮĶ졣
ҪɱǣǽƨԻҲ㣡

ͬһʱ䣬һڸΪһͭ¯֯ϢǰᵽʱľԻ٣ʱﵽһٽȡֱӳԷȥ
䣡
ͭ¯ںǰը˺ţʮճƬƬ
Ȼһ䣬һԱϣǿ˵ߣƿﱻסĿռ뿪ʱȴ֣ܵĿռǱš
ԻһûʹطıյĿռ˿Ӱ졣
Ҳʱ͵һǰеĻʧͬһа㳯м£һѽ֮顣
⡭
һ΢
Į죬ٴ̧֣֯һƵĹ⣬ѹȥ
һΣɿݵĴϣĲ
쵱Ͳʱ򣬺һָˡ
С̫ȻҲһ޷ٶ
ˣ
ͼȫˣһ̣屻ʶе񽣻ԪҲûзӦǻȥסߣ
һֻ̣źߵĴֳС̫ѹ¡
ﬣ
𶯣ƿһâ䡣
۵һ̽Ĵֵ飬˺ɳȥɶԶ
ķŵջָ졢С̫Ƕݣһ̣һٴαɫǰϢĶһӰһǳϤӰ
ʦ
󾪡
ԣϢӰΪһӣһϮɫģ쳣ĿʣϾƹ
ͻȻֵϾƹ־ϲû뵽Ͼƹʱ֣Ǳľ档
Сӣûʦң
ϼҹЦԴϣת۽ͷ˸ģ
ǿϾƹԴϲͷ֣ʵôϾƹͻȻطǾϲ⡣ңҲЩȣղǵӲµĽâȻϾƹȻֱնǸµĺߵĴ֣ҽԷɳȥɶԶʵЩľ
ԱߣС̫ȻҲںһ⣬ɵõɴۡ
ָһ㣬оСΣգⲻ𡣡ϾƹɢЦɰĵһ׷ͺڷˣҺΪѵġ
ЩΣáɰġңŮõġ
Сӱ𲻺˼ɰֲŮӵרкҲܺܿɰġ
ϾƹĲӣЦ

ϼһϲ
䣡
Զ𶯣߳ڹ⽻֯Ϣš
գһĿֱϾƹϡ
ʲôˣ
Ȼܹµղնֱ۽ɵˣϾƹ
ϾƹĲӣߣ΢ۣ˶٣
ͫ΢۵һĨâˣʵһ˸ǿʵǰˣһ۾Ϳ۷Ϊ
ͬһʱ䣬졢С̫Ǵ󾪡
ǣһ
һ𺳡
Ȼ֮ǰѾ²߿һɣһʱ򣬵ϾƹΪʱȴҲ̲סԾ
ǿǱǸ߳󾳽ĳڣ
ͬʱҲԾһ㣬ϾƹȻһھ͵˺ߵľΪ
ʲôˣ
棬߿ϾƹڶοϾƹʲôˣĹ⽻֯
ܹһ۾Ϳ۷ΪϾƹЩ⣬Ͼƹһնֱҽɸ⡣
ˡ
Ͼƹ
ɫĮȻϾƹ˼ϾƹϵҪɱȡԪͺˣϾƹԣϾƹԣͶǵˡ
ǾͲöˡ
䣬һֲܺƵǶ𶯣Ĺ⽻֯ûޱ߻ӰǧӰ˻𣬾ֱϾƹѹ䣬ҽһ֡
Ȼһڳͨӵо춯صɱ
ӭͨ쵱һֻ궼Ҫˣһǿհ嫵ľ޴ѹ˼ͷϣѹƺһ̾Ҫը
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣС̫Ҳǲɵò¶ļ֮ɫ
һ̣һ޶Ǹоһɣǹɾ޴ѹ˲ʧˡ
ˣ
Ͼƹһֻ첲ɹĲӣһֻ΢̧ɫͼֶһɫĹ⻡ӭźߴĳͨϡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫ͼ֮ǧ޷飬Ӱ𣬺ĳͨתۼǱ
漴ͼƲɫḥֱ̂ѹߡ


1518 ʮӡ
ɫͼûɢôµϢȴǷǳˣ̱߼ĳͨ漴תۼߵĽǰ
飡
ߵɣеѪա
һĻ졢С̫ۣ̲ס΢һ¡
֮ǰϾƹһնߵֱۣɣǸʱ򣬺߲ûκηʱ򣬺湥ɱҼ˳ͨȴȻǱϾƹɣѪˮϣʵһ𺳡
䣡
𶯣ɵĺסΣĿϾƹϣһƬɭ
С
ϾƹѪУܹоϾƹһҲ󣬵ǣȴʵһĳͨɡ
ʹ¶ɫɱȴǸŨ
ˣ
⣬İڹ⽻֯漴һڴͨϾƹѹ䡣
Ͼƹɫ򵥣ӡӭϡ
ͼӾ˵ķӡ͵һǽ߼ͨٴη飬漴֮ͬǰһƲٴλǱֱĳźѹȥ
һûϴΰ㱻ɣϽ֯âһƽѹͼĵķ顣ˣӡϵǿӡȴҲʹĴֺݺݵĲһ£лһĨĹ⡣
ǿ󣬴󲿷Դͨ
ĵ
˵ţһɵâӿ֣ңɵֹһ֡
ʮɵ
Ծ
ɾ֮󣬿ƿصɵ򣬺ʹﵽκƿصĴһ
Ͼƹ
¡¡ϣ߶ˣɵӿһ嫺ѹϾƹͬʱ졢С̫ҲһУʮ־ˡ
ɵ£ͨǿҲá
Į
ʮɵһѹƬСض˶ƺһ̾Ҫٵ
ǿɲһ
Ͼƹ
ӭźߵʮɵȻǼӡֻһβֻһͼӵʮأһرһؿ£ɷ
⡭
쵱ʧɫ
ʮʱϾƹֻصӡݵأôЩ겻ȻѾﵽʮأʮصӡǶôֲ
һֻ̣ǿʮͼ͸о귢ͬҪһ㡣
С̫𾪣ǲɵòһ¡
ʮصͼ໥ӣַӡ̫ˣֳ棬̫׳ۡ
ҲǶݣһĻһ̣ʮɵʮӡײһ𣬵ԣ̵۾
漴͵촫ʮɵһһ飬תۼɢΡ
ʮӡҲ˲٣ʮɢʣأ巽ɫḥ̂ƺƵĳźѹ£ǿķӡϢĺһ
飡
һ죬ѪˮŽһκɣͼ֮£󲿷ӱѹķ鿪ֻʣһͷ­ĺã־ŭ
ͬһʱ䣬졢С̫һ
䡭̬һı̬
Ͼƹݺ˿Һ
䣡
ܹԶ߽ʣµһͷ­ųĹ⣬תۼ۳ֱֱĶϾƹɱŨ񾡹ԶԶ۷״̬ҲɾʵǣʱʮɵȥǱһʿһͨ͸ˣŭŨңɱŨңɱ
漴Ŀ䵽ϣĹŨںڶһ㡣
ԪǱģ

һ̣וּһһսìڳɱϢĺˣһʱǶΪ֮ҡԳסսìŵɱ
ǡ
Ǹսì֮޸ˣ
졢С̫Ƕݡ
ǶǼսìսì۹ᴩʹúأǳ¡սìϱ鲼Ѻۣ·һͻٵڣЩܼѺȫʧˣȡ֮һһƣѾ޸
֪ؼĸֱ㲻Ժ϶ֻҪǳױ鿪ǾͶ޸ãֻǣǰһʱʱȡսìսìϻǱ鲼Ѻۣʱûȥ̫ãԷȻѾ鲼Ѻ۵սì޸ɢɱ֮ʵ𺳡
ԱߣϾƹźȡսì΢΢ۣ
ı
춯ݡ
ɣһǿϲ٣Ҫﵽ׼ĳ̶ˡ
Ͼƹ
ѾҪﵽ׼ˣ
һ
ؼĸֱڻԪ챦֮󣬵ȼϻֱ֣걦ʥԼֱӦŵۿվླ㾳ɾɾɾɾ񾳡񾳡ʾԼ۾ЩΪΡǰսìѾҪﵽ׼ĳ̶ȣʵЩԾ
һڿҪﵽ׼սìȻǿ߶ԣҲǼֵ
ԱߣС̫ȻҲ𺳡
ﬣ
̶ƺҪᴩ
һץסڳսì˵ͽȻתۼȸղǿʮ֮࣬ǻһս۰㣬սìҪһС
սìԼ䣬ǸֳһѪʬص˻طƬضһɱķΧУ
ɡ
սìһᴩ¡
һ죬ֱӱ飬һռΪ򵥵һ
һʱ䣬졢С̫һ
һ̫ڿֲˡ
ô
ƽϾƹдʮӡٴθֶƵ˵ķӡϢʮӡתۼںΪһһֱŰҵͼԲڵĿռȫ֣ӡš
͵һһ飬תۼɢΡ
㡭
ߵһαɫ
ȱһȻ㱻
Ҳ𺳣ղһж£ĸоǣɱϾƹ׵ͷϿգϾƹʮӡһγһŰҵͼͼ֯Ϣʥϣ궼ɵһ
ɡ¡
˿Һ
С̫Ĺ棬ԴͷֱͼԲۡ
ֱͼɫԣ׷ϢûкеսìǰȴޱȺ嫺ΰķ·Էӡ
߶Űֱͼɭ󣬺һһɸӿֲϢ˷·еսìںһɱˡ
飡
̹ǣ⽻ɵսìһɱµì⡣


1519 ˫
ìϬɺɵ߶ı߶һ޳̶ȣɱ̫ˣƺҪǶᴩ
ɱ֮⣬תۼ˽ǰ
һɾ˵ѹֶоȫҪ㡣
ָоֻһ˲ʧˣϾƹɢһƹԣû˿ǿĲȴǽѹȫ¡
ˣ
ɫͼһʮӡ۶ɣϾƹָλƵĳź߼һìӭϡ
תۼ䣬ײһ𣬵ԣ绡븡֡
ϣռһı飬ռ֮ͣʮ
䣡
һìһŵͼڿжײá
ì⽥úϬͼǱСɢȴ֮ǿ
ˣһۣ߽ʮ
ʮһҵĺìͼĴײ飬ⲻΨһƬưܵĿռ
סǾɱһìӦǸ϶ǿս˰ɣ
˿Һ
ǡ
ĺߡ
ʱ򣬺ߵĿϾƹϣžɫǸŨ
С̹ǣϾƹͿܵסٴΣ
䣬һɢϢٴղŰޱңһΣеսì˶ˣìһսìɱϾƹ
ͬʱƥì棬졢С̫ҲһС
Ͼƹ̧֣գָ
ˣ
𶯣âԻʮɫͼϢĸ֣־ڲͬλãֱӽ߷С
̼䣬߽ŲһͣƱϣʮͼһ
ںϳɵΨһͼղšû־ŭĶϾƹ
ʱʮͼ໥ӣֱӹһھ޴ķ󣬷ӡܵÿһռ䣬ʹڵתüʱ·뵽һ֮У÷ǳ鷳
ҿû˵ˣΪˡ
Ͼƹĵ
仰䣬˵һʮͼ뷢⣬֮
ߵһʱû

ŭ𶯣ɵսìɨһֲɱ⣬ʮͼȥҪʮͼ߳ȥ
¡¡ģɱìɵһʮŵͼҡ
ֻǣʮͼǳļͣںߵһɱìɵ֮£Ȼھҡȴѱ
УʮŵͼγɵϳмѹʱʱĺߺݺһѪˮƮ
⡭
쿴һĻס˸
ղţС̫ǺߣΪϾƹʮͼںΪһŵͼߵľɱìײ£ǵɱìһˣʵϣǸʱںϺͼȷȷʵʵҲǱˣǣû뵽ǣǸʱı飬ıʧ»ʮصͼ
»ʮصͼû̸֣ʽƵܣϢĽΧڴ˿Ի໥ϣֱγһڷصǿޱȵĺ߷
ԱߣС̫ҲǳԾĿľɫ
桭£ֱۣͬСֻǣϱ̬ȴÿÿʹõ뻯
ϱ̬ϾƹĶ壬ϾƹӡҲӡЩÿʹӡֻǵֵһЩ湥ˣңǵֵķʽǹɱķʽޱȼޱֱӣϾƹȴÿζǽӡʹõľ
䡣
𶯣ʹ֮һҡ
ʮͼźߣµ֮֯Уѹߣʹúߵ岻ͣĺݲԽԽңѪˮࡣ
飡
ŭɵսì໥ںϣ䱬ըʽ֮£ǻʮͼ
Ҳʱ򣬱ʮͼƬ𶯣һа㣬ವĳź߼ȥת۱߽ǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮɽʮͼĲƬڣֱӽߵ飬Ψսì䣬ɳԶ
Ͼƹ΢ۣ̽ûܴӡһѽսìץС
ſ
ˣȴû飬ȻһĻŭתۼ۳壬һ⣬Ͼƹץסսì˹ȥңԼ꣬ʹսì֮һӡǷâսì·һ㣬ӵԼʶ𶯳ɱ⣬ҪϾƹĴ֡
Ͼƹ̬ӡ΢һͼԻವûսìڣ̼ʹսì͵һϷŹӡǣֱӱ顣
ݺһһѪ
ǵӡǣսìϵıԴӡ񱻻٣Щɡ
ȱ
зŹ⡣
ҲԾһ˿Ҫﵽ׼ɱȻ򵥵ıϾƹӺǶ˹

ŭٶȸ죬ɵǿһ𶯣Ͼƹץеսì
սìǿıܱ˶ߣ
ϾƹɣܻûĴӡץսìһ𣬶ʱʹսìҫ֮⣬һɱì˳ߡ
㡭
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ؿڱᴩ󵱳ķѣ궼ѵ

ؾۣٴϾƹҪսìȡ
ﬣ
Ͼƹսì̶һìᴩǰ
۵һ֮ǰһ޶һǿٴըѪˮ춼ǡ

겻࣬񱩵ŭ𶯣ɿؾ۱
ϾƹץսììâԻһɫͼԻһʱ佫ߵͬйһ𸲸Уӡ֮
ʱ䣬ߵľŭ˲ҽͼ¾
ǣȴѳȥ֮ѪйǺꡣ
ϻҪˣ
Ͼƹ۵
Ҳ˸µĺߣȥƺҪ군ˡ
ˣ
ӡ֯Żķӡ֮ߵ屻Уҽøҡ
Źǵģ
ŭͼдһ̣һһ貵ԴӺߵڱӺ֮ͼſʹֳܸܼմѷ졣
һ΢Ļӱſͼ³ವû뵽һմѷ֮ڣգۼʧ
Իһ꣬ӵͦ졣
Ͼƹ


1520 Ͼƹ
ϾƹĻһԻһˣ
Ͼƹͷ
ʹ졢С̫ľǸǿĺߣϾƹ赭дĹ£ȱȻƵԻһӶݱ
ҲίʵЩ¡
еϧҪ˾ͺˣʵǸ鷳

Ǹ߿ΪϵԪɵһָƱػٴԣٲȻһǱŵĿ¶ʱը
ϧʲô鷳ʲôԼǿȻԽ
Ͼƹһ¡
˵ţһΣһЩطֱ͸
ʹ졢С̫һ
ϼһôˣ
켱ʵ
ûʲôһѣĹˡ
Ͼƹ
⻰һ졢С̫ʧɫǲɵü˸
ֻֻǣһ
ֻһѣ׾ٵĴǸµĺȱƵǸµĺԻһӶݱǺεȵĿֲ
䡭̬⣬ֱǡ
Ǻݺݵ˿ҺŴʱϾƹӲûɳ
дžɫʱǰĻ棬ʵЩϤΪʱڵһĺڰɭﱻ׷ɱϾһڵʶ֣۳ξ֮Ҳǽ䵭
ϼһڣﵽʲôΪˣòᡭѾﵽ˰ɣ
Ͼƹʵ
һƣʵϾƹжô¡
Ͼƹۣɡ
ࣿʲô˼ǲѾˣֱһ㲻У
첻ϼһÿζ
ϾƹЦļ򣺡Լ¡
죺
ϾƹȥϾƹΪ֪ϾƹǳǿͶˡ
˶٣Ͼƹʵϼһиһ¡˵ţԼһƵâ֪֯ʲô𣿡
ڵԸƿصѾȥ̫ãȴʼն֪ʲôٴμϾƹãϾƹ֪ʲô
ĵâϾƹһ΢⽻֯
ȻǿϾƹе΢⣬ݡ
ȻϾƹ֪ʲô
ԱߣС̫ҲǶݣϾƹУȻҲǿϾƹ֪ʲôʹǶǲɵþȣΪֹǿУƺֻϾƹʲô
֪
ϾƹȻѾϾƹ֪ʲôȴǲɵʵ
֪㣬Լȥ򡣡
Ͼƹ
üͷһ壺Ϊʲô
ϾƹԴЦ㣬Ҳֶֻ֪ѣԣûκκôֻԼʲôǿﵽԲ
ǣֵųһеΪǰ޷ƿҲͰˣӰ첻󣬿Ҵ۷徳ҪǣɵıԴӡԪֵȴɵҲų⣬벽ɶ粻ȥ
ΪЩơ
ϾƹԴЦһ£ųΪǳǿ󣬵ΪԼƿزżûпȥ
ҵԭ򣿡
һ㶡
Ȼԭ򣬷򣬼ȻԼĵ᲻㼺־ƿأųϾƹ죬ûôʱȥɣ

Щ˼
ʵϣƿֵĴ٣ǣÿβصȴȥֵʲôȥֵı
ʱϾƹһĸԴڣʱЩ
ϾƹЦԴֶάִԼʱ䣬ʦ
ģ
һϲϾƹܹһȻˣǷǳѵõ¡
Ȼʲôʱƭ㡣
ϾƹЦ
£ϾƹɨϷһ۴졢С̫ʧԭء
һ̣ǳһƬɭеһϿڣϿȲСȴܰ
졢С̫ǳԾϾƹֻһѣȴͬʱϢתλãֱ˲ƶ㡣
ɡ
ϾƹִһƬ΢⣬ƬϿȫס޷š
ͷһʯϥ£ֱתԼ
һʱ䣬˿˿Ƶĵâܣ嫣
ϾƹЦվԱߡ
й켣ת֮Դ˻ԳɣľˮƶǳжһУΪ
֮󣬼֮㣬ʼգ⣬Сڣ֮بһʼǵ
Ͼƹվԣƽ֮صʹ첻ɵ΢
һ˲ѣĵâȻȻıøŨ
ʹ𾪣ǿԼ侲Ͼƹÿһ֡
ϾƹĻĵâʱøӵľˡ
ĲøӺ嫣
ͬһʱ䣬Ա߲ԶС̫һж¶ɫǲתԼĹž͵Ͼƹһ
漴ת۶ѣĵâͬһ㣬Ҳ̼ø
ֲͬĵ֮ʱǷɿ
ϾƹЦǾվԭأƽϵɳʯݻľݵأ޼
졢Сֻ̫оǳһĺУֻоϵÿһ䶼ƣĵԽԽʹ졣
ˣ
⣬ɫâԽԽȴĿǳƽ͡
һ̣ٴʱƬشɽˮɣεϢƬ磬Ƭ磬ڽı䡣
ܿ죬ɽˮøģձøεľø׳Уɽˮ仯еһЩ鱼ߣĬĬƬݣԼ߾ȫȥƬõ磬ȥеĵ
ʱĵâøŨӺ嫣
ǵ֪Ҳǵҵĵ

һ̣˿ȥ;Լĵʲô֪ҲνֻҪ⣬Ȼ⣬˾͹ˡ
Դ֮ڣ֮һƻɵý֯
ֵһȫĵȥֵıȥֵ
ˣһۣչȥ
պһ죬ĵâŨһߵĳ̶ȣϿȶȵâ֮Уһɺ嫵ĵϣ⵽ⷽϿȵÿһ䡣
Ҳһ죬΢΢һԼ䣬һɵƵоԼڵĵųˡ


1521 ֮·
һɵƣͬһԳΣǳƽ˳Ũ
ʹ첻ɵ˫ۣ΢һЩ˸
ǰöˣ
ϾƹԱ𣬴ŵЦ
ͷöˣ
ڣֵų˰ɣ
Ͼƹʵ
ųˡ

վԵϾƹʵЩ𾪣ռ䣬ϾƹԱƽıԴһ㣬ʹڵĵϤһʽ
գֻʱ䣬оڵĵƿأǿٱ
ǾһԪɣΪӦ㹻ˡ
Ͼƹ
ͷûԥֱۣ̫ľתâ⡣
ʼ̽ѰϵɵܿӦһһɵֱѰһɵȻɵ
ǰѾǽɵһЩԳ򵥵ɵıԴӡʱȻܿѰ
ɵУֱӴɵǣһɵıԴӡԼڻȥ
УԵʮֽСģǣɵıԴӡѪһΣڵͬӦǰ㣬ûг쳣ûн뵽ѪеԴӡų
Ȼûˣ
лһĨϲɫ
漴Ǳ侲ԼĵķƽǣڵһԴӡ
һʱ䣬Ѫн֯һƵ绡Ի
ˣʱɿţתۼ䣬ʱȥǣڵɵıԴӡԼʱԴԱ߻һȭͷСԴ
ˣ
һϲ
ⷽͷСԴ۳ĵһɵԪ
䣡
һɾ˵Ϣɢ֯еɵɢ
һ̣۳һԪΪֱӴ۷ﵽ벽ɾ
ǿϢ֯ϣһ̣˫ۡ
벽ɣ
лһĨտտ
ʱܹоԼı仯ǡȣǿ࣬ΪҪǣʱһϣһ㡣

ϾƹЦǿȻܹȻ۳һԪڰ벽Ѿ޵Уһİ벽ɸǶ֡
ǵȻҲͽ˭

ϾƹֱһЦهNɪ
ʱԱ߲ԶС̫ĵâǴﵽһŨȡ
һ̣Ⱥ˫ۡ
̹
оâŨϾƹС̫һֻǶ̶̼ʱѣɵƿرǸӵľ֮ǰǿ̫̫࣬ѾҪԳɹڶԪˡ
С̫ˮĴ۾ĽȻҲջǳ
쿴һֿۣϾƹʵڣʦʲôط
Ͼƹ뿪ʮһѾܶ꣬һֱûзʮȥǺܺ棬֪ϾƹǴʲôط
ңԶĵطϾƹЦģһнԺá
˵⻰һʱø͸Щ
ľ̫Զʱ䲻ˡ漴ǿ죬ЦŵΪǿѾûжǶ֣ȥΣ
ϾƹĻʱ΢΢һ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ҲǶݡ
ܴͨ·
ʵ
һ̣־ԼʵЩˣϾƹȻֻһȴǸµĺ߶Ƕ֣ҪԻٰˣϾƹҪ˺ѿͨ·Ȼʲô¡
ûʲôˡ
Ͼƹ
˵ţָᵯһ΢ɳ̱գֳһ޴ͨһ·ᴩ񷶥ˣͷֻеɵϢ
⡭ǣ
춯ݡ
Ϣ̫Ϥˣڵ̩ɽϣͨѷڣڴѷ쾡ͷǸоϢеϢ
ͨͨ򣿣
⡭
ľ
ͬʱԱߣС̫ȻҲǸۡ
ǡͨ·
ǾǾϲ
ϾһƬԵ񱦵ĵطƬĺܡ
ʵϣֻǿУٷ֮ʮŵ˶ϣ
ĶȻԶԶǿмҺͲпᣬǣƬ磬ɳٶȺͳɳĿռ䣬ȴҲԶԶǿпȵˡ
ȥ𣿡
Ͼƹʵ
쿴Ͼƹ򿪵ͨн֯˿˿â˶٣ȥ
ͬϾƹԣƬǿеȷѾĶˣԿɳǿеľͷˣĻУûʲôѹûѹȥͻиУԲûкô
ңʶе߲񽣣ȱ̫ĽƬԿ϶֮ڵǾԻнƬĴڣˣȻȥУѰڵĽƬڵĽƬԿ϶Բ١
ôţֿϾƹʵǸϼһȥǰܰҴطЩʮ𣿡
Щ꣬߹ͨǺǣõ˲ٱ䣬֮򣬲֪ĥ¶꣬ԣ֮ǰϣԽЩͻʮ򽻸ǡ
ЩռЩ䣬ʹüٶ뵽㾳ΣԳɾһҲͿԲ̫ļǡ
ңƾռЩ챦ͥսҲ
ϾƹϾƹʵطռ䣬ǿֶ͵ʮ
ó
Ͼƹ
⻰΢ϲϾƹ̬ͻоܲµϾƹȻǿ¡
£ȡһռСƿװ˸䣬Ŀ˵龧౦ĵرǳʯһЩǳǿͨطңõһЩԼֻһɽȫװСƿС
Щ
˵
ϾƹӹСƿ֮ܽסһռܰŵСƿС
ռ䴫壬̾ʹ͵طʮ򣬴ϻķѰʱ䣬ǼѾͷյҲ֪㽫֮ͻء
ϾƹСƿܣСƿֱӳʮļŮǰ󣬻ĻԻʹüˣ֪Сƿ˭͵

ͷ
ϾƹϴŵЦ΢Σһսìȡ
սì֮ǰӺ£ΪһȱҲĴڣҪﵽ׼ķˡ
ȡսìһ΢ûսìڣ漴սì졣
ӹսìʱоһ嶼һ£ֻоץһǳ㣬صЩˣǣǲûȡ
ĶԶǿвпᣬսìµˣв㡣ϾƹȻһӡﵽǰֻʹһΣʱʱ֮µķӡп֮ӡһͨսì󣬵ﵽܳ忪ӡ


ʮľ 


1522 
Ȼ֪Ͼƹģľԣ۷սìƷʵ̫ˣԵʹãٻһЩԣվʲô¡ΪԣͻȱΣУȱΣбǾ͵κѹûѹеĶȻ˽͡
ˣиС
˽⡣
Цŵսìڡ
Ͼƹʱø鵭ЩԴһ΢ûʶ֮ڣΪʮӡţЦŵˣȥɡ
ͷϾƹ򿪵ͨͨɵϢ
ǣȥˡ
Ͼƹ˵
ϾƹЦͷ
һЦһϾƹСֱ̫ӿϾƹ򿪵ͨڣһ˲ʧУһŹ⣬Ųȥ
һ̣Ͼƹ򿪵ͨ΢΢Ťɢ
Ͼƹ񷣬ϴƽɢЦ漴Ϣʧԭء

ڵĿռУ졢С̫ǸоͷĿѣʮʲôҲȴһɷǳ˵ѹϵÿһ䣬ԵЩѹ֡
УǶԵЩܣȴ⶯ϾǴͨͨУҶʲô䣬ǿɾ;Իᵹù
ˣҲ֪˶ãһϵĿռ΢΢ѹСЩ
漴һ̣ǰһ˿˿һɴĽһ֮˳ȥ
໣
𣡡
޺쳹ϣһںһһ
˳ȥĻȻһƬ嫵ĺĹ֣һľ׳ˣǲľң󲿷ֵĹľʶģɢŨϢһɰ㡣
ңܣе쳣ŨѾܼ򵥵ĳˣƣȴԲͬһΣֲǿңŷǳԵ֮Ϣ
ֻվطӦܵܣһޱǶо̹ë׶ƺҪչ
漴վطһ޳Զܿ쿴һΡ뵽ɽÿһǴˣΰɽҪߴ򱶡ңԶһЩĵطǿһޱߵɺӣϺ˱ڣ¡¡죬ֺȻǿԽǿ߶һ㡣
ǡ򣿣
Ƥһ
С̫ҲǵۣȻҲǱһʵ̫Ƿˡ
𣡡
޺һͷŵ̵βܳͫâһޡ
ңһʱ䣬ܵ𶯣ʮͷ̬ͬ޳ⶼǽ֯ž˵ȫĿһϣȫ˹
ȫǰ벽ɼ
춯ݡ
ʮͷޣܿ۳һԪİ벽ɣǿģԱȵ۳˵Ԫİ벽ɣֻһԪܿɲΡ
С̫ۣƬڣʱʮͷޣȻ۳һԪİ벽ɼޣʵǸоЩ𾪡
¡¡ģʮͷ޳ӿת۳嵽ǰһɳ
쵱֣Ӷȭӭʮޡ
ͬʱС̫Ҳһ֣һǿ⣬ϡ
ˣ
䣡
һܲˣɱʮޣһҵĺ졣
Ǿȵķ֣ʮͷޣÿһͷǿľˣԶǿͬװ벽ǿǵǿʵǿεһȺޣתۼͽʱȴǶݵĺʮ޽
ңǷһ£Ǵ˿̺İ벽ɼԣǷǿ֮УϵŤˣ޷סǿĳطİ벽ɼܣȴ˿ҲӰ쵽ϵĿռ䣬Ҫ˵ʹϵĿռһ˿˿Ť
𣡡
ʮӿǳˡ
ǵӴˣ˫һͷͷԭʼϵĻޡ
ȭӭʮͷ벽ɼޣʱɵñȭЩȭԼ绡֯Ϣˡ
飡
ǣסʮͷǿһͷֱһȭ֮ɣƬѪ
ȭǻɼͷǿޡ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫չ¶ǿܣҲԻͷǿޡ
̫һˣ
ۡ
ʮͷޣÿһͷǾ˵ǿ󣬱ǿͬ޺ǿ̫ˡ
ȷʵ

ʮͷǷǳһ㣬ǿ
С̫ԸӲһ㣬ԼȻ۳һԪɾ»Ѿ޵УԣʮͷȻȻʱ򶼱ȫɣûһͷ
ȻʮͷܾˣʱҲǸо˵Ĳ
ߡ
ɨЩޣкС̫뿪
ܿ죬֮߳ǰλúԶ
𣡡
ⷽĹ쳣ľ죬У޲Уһͷһͷޡ
ңЩ޸ƽСĶԿ۷弶ʿĴڣ٣󲿷ֶǰ벽ɼĴڣڣУ˺üͷɼޣŵϢǿЩˣǼЩѡ
Ǵ˵е򣿣һɽڣ벽ɼ޾ȻضǣɼҲ٣ֱǡļ£˵ŵĵطһǿޱȽܼӣ
ȥӦֻһںͨĹ֡

ȫûȥʱĵطΪϾƹ˺ͨϾƹǿʵȻ򣬾Ȼܽ͵طȥ
ǿеһЩϵ伮أ˵еڣɼʿ洦ɼܶ࣬ˣһĹڣ벽ɼޱضǣҲ
ɨܣȳȥҸʿ۵ĵط˽ĸſ
Ǵɣ֮ҪǶȴ˽̫٣ֻ֪ǿһ㣬ĵ򻮷ֲֺ£һҲ˽⣬ˣǲ̫ã˽һĸֻϢ
ǵ˽£߰ɡ

ͷѭһ򣬳ⷽĹȥ
֮ȻȻǿޣǳˡ
ڣһʵҲ㲻ףֻҪǱɼϵĴֱӹ׷ɱκΣգԣǿޣնǱ
úĹ֣ǿһ嫵ĴһӿںϷ¡¡ɫˮ½䡣
ͣ
ڵˮ˾һӰԴײΪһʿϵϢҶȾѪдžı顣
졢С̫΢΢ݣ뵽ͻȻһʿ
ӴгʿȻȻҲǿˣ߳
ѣ
ɫţȡ


1523 ޳
Ӻ׳һһ߳˳壬һ߻ŵ󿴡
졢С̫΢΢ݣ꣬һ벽ɼʿ
䣡
ˮ淭ڣһͷԺðڰСĺɫۼףʮͬĴ֣жʮɸߣɢŵǿĺˡ
ɼޣ
һ
ƿصԺ׳ȾѪʱ棬䵽ǰѣң˵⻰һ¾ȥƴȫ嵽ԺϵϢֱ˥͹ȣѾ
䣡
˹еӾ޴󣬳׺֮⣬ɼȣһ캧ˣֱѹһ֡
СӣϽ
ɼޣ£ǿɲǿԵˡ
Ȼ֪ԵĽ꣬һѽ֮𣬶С̫һ𣬳Զơ
ԱߣȣȻӲ
ಣ
â˸Ž꣬һٶȣС̫һƳȥԶײɼ޺ƵĿºܿ
𣡡
ɼ׺ݵӶŽ꣬һˣֱʮֹʮ֧Ϭһ㣬ƣǳˡ
Ž꣬ԼС̫ٴܣʮȫܿ
뿪Ƭ

кС̫Ž꣬һٶȣԶȥ
𣡡
ɼ羪ףʮ붯ľ޴ˮˡ
ˮ˷ǳͷ޵Ŀֱֲѹطٹľͬһ˳һѹȥ
ңͬһʱ䣬ͷɼӴڿƵɼ֮󣬱׷ˡ
@#ˮУȴȻӴп׷ɱҲȱˮɹ
Ȼǹˣ֪ȼ޾뿪ˮԴҲԼκӰ졣
ƶ졣

ǲâ֯⣬С̫һܿˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ɼ޵ͺʮּÿһ϶Ǽž˵ϢԵúƺܹһжᴩ
ȻǽԼһ˵ҪȫץסΪʳ
ңٶͻȻ䱩ʮ֮࣬תۼǺһ룬ʮַɿĹˣֻһգ۱˽ǰϼ˿˿Ƶһ˽ԶݣʱȻǸȥܡ
ֱ࣬ӽɽ֮ʩչ콣նܼĽ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬׶С̫ƻӡҲ֮߶˵⣬նܼһ𣬳޵ʮѹȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģɰӿ޵ʮֱ˿ȥңɼޱ嶼΢΢Ļһ¡
¶ɫ˾ȼıֵɲС
ﬣ
̶صһŽ꣬һ߳ɽһն콣⣬ͬһƬ곯ɼ޻ȥ
ȻôҪնͷޣֻԴԻ͸Ŷ֣ΪԼһȡȥĻʱ䡣
ߣ
˵նâ˲䣬кС̫Զٳȥһ۱ɾ룬ͷ
Ӵײɼ𶯴֣նܼ⣬ٷȥʱѾǳȥԶʧʡ
𣡡
һŭ𣬹ڣĴƬľķѡ

˦ӴڳɼޣŽ꣬ԼС̫ԼƶתۼԶڴʮ󣬴ӺĹп˳ȥ
ǰȫˡ
˿׶ڣǷֻЩա
콫£ǽɽ
лѣм
лƶôһʱ䣬ȻȴǿһЩж
ҡͷؿ
¶ۣлѾ֮Щŵ³ĥ¼ǡɾλòԶѺλ飬뵽µļȥЪϢһɣ֮ΪдµѺλ顣
˶٣ͷЦãǾʹˡ
С̫򣬶ĸ˽⣬ʱ򣬶ȥżͣ˵ǸᣬɴӶżǵ֪һЩſˣɷպ
ǰͣǴš
ҡͷǰΪ·ͬʱ֪γƺ
졣
򵥵
ԭ֡۵ΣǶֺλ¿޸ˡ
ˡ
Ц
ΪС̫·һնУλöȥ
֮󣬴Լȥһʱʱ䣬ǰһȽƽ̹ɽһ޴ׯ԰ռƽףǷǳָ
ׯ԰ǰͥǰž޴ңϿӡһġš֡
ˣССᣬֱ
Ц
ƺܲ

⻰ǷУʵȻƬׯ԰ǿеһЩռطΧԶԶȴܾˣͨǵļҪǿϼ֡
ԼС̫һŶһ𣬾ֱ뵽żׯ԰ڡ
ʼһżׯ԰ڣǸо˷ǷϢⷽׯ԰ĸֵƺͲֵȣҪǿеඥ
졢С̫ܿׯ԰ڵһĴС
ԵƬ̣˵ãȥ֪ͨ¸׳һ֡
Ц
˵ţ۴Ӵ˳ȥ
вٹŻ⾳ǲףѵõļ
ͬʱڶԳƵİżŻΪ꣬峣ȻȻɢ㣬ʿʱĵģǳǿкٿԼһֻ꣬ڹżпֻȴżȴô࣬ңȥȻڶżҶԷǳһ㣬żͬһڷⷽڡ
Ӧ˵־ܶƽɣԶżҲ֮һ¡

С̫ĵڴУһۣʱȥʱ
ʱŲӴ⴫ȥɫ֮ǰ࣬ƺǷʲô˵鵤ҩ֮һֵĻ߸ˣǿߣмһǿڵΪѪ
ǡ
۶˵ʱ졢С̫û֮ǰĿǴһĨϷŰЦ
üȻóǰ̬ȱ仯߸Ҳ̬
Եȫʬ
Ŷ۶߸꣬м˵Į


1524 սìɱ
۶м˵Ļɫʱ
ʱǻ֪ʲôɵӡڼС̫ǽ衰д֮żׯ԰֪żҵǿߣҪɱǶᱦ
ƫͷۣâ֯
ֻΪձˣҪɱ¡
񿴱٣ֻ̫ɵƲ¶ȵѵ¶˻˼Էǹ޴ϷŰЦ˵ʲôǳ˲õֵȴҲףҶżұ⣬ҶżʵȰֻʵʵԼҲһˣ֮ǰȹһķϣһʹ졣
죬ϷŰЩԵá

Ŷۣðںâ

С̫ߵĸĻ
۵ɫʱһ˭ٰͷŸɾ㣡
ԣүСһˣ㹷ֱ˹涼Ȳϣ

ɫüΪ߰㶢
ˣǵģǲԸɱǣԼȡԱߣһ˿ڵΪż߸֮һɳڣʱֱ֣̽ͬʱ졢С̫У£۳һԪİ벽ɣҲҶżҶżҺˡ
̽Ĵڱܣǳˣһ·
д⣬ֱ̧֣ѹĴ֣һȭ
תۼ䣬ȭͷѹĴײһ
飡
һ죬겻ɵôͬһɳȥԶż¥
һĻĶż˺ͶǱɫŴڰ벽ɾֻһԪİ벽ɣȴһȭǶżҵһɣ
벽ɼΪѣȴȻܺɿ⣬˼
żǿ궢죬Ϊ۵ĸףżׯ԰֮ʱһĨ⣬ȻǺܾˡΪǴɾڣѪǳ
ֻǿѣΪʼֻǰ벽ɣսֵһᡣ
Աߣһ
ͬһʱ䣬ɼˣɫɢȥٴαĮ
ۿ죬еľɫ֮⣬ôǿ󣬿Կɣ֮ѹֻĨɣΪܣɳΪһǳα
ⲻ֮ܣҶżǰǲ׵ū͡
߸еһɳڣڶżҴ塣
ĿЩˣĿЩ
Ǻ뱻ţ

С̫Ӷۺͼꡣ
ţ˵ҶżңЦ۷ˣҶżҲֻĽ֣ƾǣҲҶż˵ֻͷѾŵԴɵ𣿡
Ŷۣͫ顣
쿴ŶۣĿ⣬Ǻ䡣
䣡
Զ𶯣ɳȥĶżߣת³˻
С
ʱ˿죬ɫЩѿǱɱ⡣
һɣȻһ벽ɸ˳ȥֱһ衣
Ҫ
˵Уֱ̧֣һγץȥ
ңһΣǼ򵥵ԴϢ֯˳
ߣҪѹĨ꼴ɣܡżһļڣֱֻȡɱ
ã
ֵߺӦɼâӿÿһȫա
ܴӡתһ˵ͷϢǿˣΪǴڣϢȴǱȱҪﵽڵĵһ滹Ҫǿ
ӭѹıޱ仯еֻĮͱ
ﬣ
һ̶ıصڳһսìֱ𵴳һĿĺ⣬Ӻŵɱ⣬ֱĳǰ
۵һ̽Ĵֱӷ飬սìڳĺâƲٶȿˣתۼû뵽ߵͷ­֮ڡ

ҽ̶ߵըѪҪ룬ȴЧսìĺתۼѹķ飬
ʱⷽڣżҼͶۣ˽ɫ䡣
ǶżҵһɣȻһͱɱˡ
ǾŭĿ죬Ŀⲻɵǰսìϣٴαɫ
⣬ǡ
żҼǸӦԵսìĿֲǿԽؼһжᴩֿµϢڵĶżҼһ̿֡
㣬㾹Ȼ
۵ɫ৵ıɷףҲû뵽벽ɼʿϣ⣬Ȼôһ˿ֲսì궼·һ̾Ҫ˰㡣
ϣսì˸΢⣬ɵ֯һɺ˵ɱϢìϡ
ǰΨһһʹĻᣬôȺ˷ѵ
ŶżһˣĿۣеɱڡ
żȺ˺һʵǳǿᣬС̫ʵˣС̫ϸһöͨ񵤣ʮսҲãϾżЩпһǿߣսǿ̫ˡ
ͬʱżʱͷˣżкܾƣԿȽɼɱ۷ҲסˣʱֻȡϾƹսì
ֻȱսſʱȫС̫
Ͼƹ˵սìһӡǰֻʹսìһΣʹһ֮ϾƹսìڵķӡпսìӡʹսìһͨıȴӲ⣬ʲô⡣
ոս򣬴һͷɼ޿¾һʿ󣬾ȻͱԷ𱨣ˣҪɱȡС̫ϵΪ£˷ѵǰΨһһʹսìĻᣬ쳣ķŭ
ﬣ
ǰĶżҼˣһץסԵսìһ֮һɱɳ
ɱٶȿ켫ܺˣתۼԼĺüĴ
ۣ
һʱ䣬Ѫˮ䣬ɳڵҽжûüֱըɼ꣬Ҳһɱ·飬ֱ
һĻĶżҼ˺Ͷ۸ǲ
ֻתۼѣǶżҾɱɱңǱһɱ
סǸսì
żҼŭĵ
£ȴ⣬żҼĸżҴͬʱⶼƷɳ˲γһھ˵󣬽һΧС


1525 
ƮڿУɶżҼĸżһʩչһ޴󣬽졢С̫ͬʱУķ䶼Ƹ
ãڳˣУжޣñƽռ򱶣޷ڣɱǣ
żĵ˵ң˵ţֱӳڣץȥ
壬ȡսìȻѹúĥһĨƳɿūͣ

һֺǿĺϻżҵǿʩչ졢С̫Ѿ޷ȻǸǿսìڣҲûá
֪żĵʱǰֱӳսìץȥù
ﬣ
̶ıصֱӴ϶żĵĻ
ʱ֣սìͬһѹ£嵽ǰĶżҵķ飬Ҳһһ
ģ
żҼɫ䡣
һ֮£Ƕżҵĵɱɱת
۲⡭ô᣿Ǳס𣿣ôܶ⡭ܰ
Ҳסǣ
ĵ
սìһȦɹ⽻ֱ֯ӽеĵȫ
ղţżҼ˽ֻԭĮĿЩˣûжż⼸ΪǱסˣȻ֣ɽķôסǸһЦ
ŶżҼˣŶۣеսìһż˱ȥ
żҼ˶ǲɵһսìһɾ⣬ɵññ
Ƕۣɵõŵŵɺˣȶʱ򶼿ʼķ
ʲô
ط֣ȻǾ˶żˣʱв˳嵽طսìżҼ˵죬ط˵ĵ¥ܵһѪ嵽˽Ǳɫ
ӭһƽżҼ˽Ժˣһ·˵˵ͥԺ֮ڡ
ׯ󣡡
żҼ
˵䣬һҲһ֣Խطӡֻתۼѣżׯ԰ڸֳӣһĴֻǼ򵥵ƣһеƽУǳĲ
ȴֻһ˲ѣżƬׯ԰֣żׯ԰ڵÿһУǳɱϢһɱԶżڸֶ
һĿɱ⣬оɱ⣬żҼ̬÷ЩĿ⣬ǱñɭĵҶżׯ԰Ļׯһǰ벽ɾУҲֻбնɱķݣգǡ
ﬣ
̶ٴδ϶żҼĻ
սìһɨһƬɹɳ̼佫ż顣
һʱ䣬żҼɫԿ䡣
ܣ
˾С
ǶżҵĻׯ󣬶żΪǿĵƣȻô׾ͱٵˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ӷżׯ԰طһҲɫ䡣
⣬⡭
ˣǡ
ô£ΪҶż˭
ЩʱĶżˣΪڶżڶ֣ƵĶżҼ˿ׯ󣬵ʱһٵż󣬶Ǹ
һͻٵǶżҿԻɱ벽ɵĻׯõǶô£
սìûʱ嵽ĶżˣĿֻڶżҼżԼϡ
ĿֱۣӶˣ㣬һ絽۽ǰ
㡭
ۺݺһ־ֵֿĺˡ
ͬʱԱߣżҼȻ֪ҪԶ۶֣빥졣
սìһƬɻԣżҼȫѪɡ
漴һڶ۵ϡ

۲ҽУڱǽѪһĵڵء
̧ȣһڶؿڣйͷѵر˶˲٣ѷͬ֩һ㳯ӡ
ۿӿѪٴδҽС

żʱ嵽ط˼һĻǴ󾪣ȴûһ˸ǰ춯־ȶۡΪЩ˸ղſǿˣսìһͷǶżҿɱ벽ɵػɼĶżҼˣˣЩɼµˣθǰҪȥˣٷְٻ
һλãĹɵܳ𣬱ɵĶżҼˣ³˻
ſ
żҼ콫۲ڽŵףŶۿڱѪҽ۾һ죬ڵǿƱҼһɱ
ͬʱżɣҲһޱǿɼͨ
쿴⼸ˣǳ򵥣սìɨȥ

һ죬żҼֱӷ
漴һżҼٴκɣǿɼǶʱá
ͬʱżɼͨȫǺɶһһżҸ¥ڶżڽɳ
⣬⡭
һڶżɫǱɫˢס
ʱûżҼȼˣĿڽµĶϣһƬ
ۿڱǶѪӭֹסĲǿ־֮ɫ
֣֡ҡҴˣ󡭡˴ĹңŹҰ

裡һһƬɭ֮ǰĻ˵úõܣ֮ǰúĥһ
ѽ
С̫۸ͣߡ
û˵ʲôӶۣĿ顣
Ŷۣ϶߹ǣʹöԷٴηҽС
ͨʱ־ȹһˣ󣬱˳ͨϵһ׷ɱ򣬾¶ۣԷͨǵ˸Ȼڱµ˲䣬ǰżׯ԰żҼɱĿģֻΪ˶ȡС̫ϵѡ
սìּӿӡס۵ݻֻĴָСĳӣһּ䣬ֱӽֻСڡ
ʱۺݺһ󷢳ޱĲҽУֹסĳ鴤
㡭ʲô
۲ҽС
ܲпᣬֻС棬ʮĳġʳѪƳ桱ݻʵʳѪƳ߱һԣһں󣬻һʳһѪ⣬ңʱǳޱʹࡣ
Ŀ䣬ּٴν֯â۳һӡڡ
ӡΪҩ䡷صһʹ򱶡

۵ޱĲҽУ˫Ŀת۲Ѫ˿ʹնʹŤ
ɱɱңɱң
еʱԸһҲȷ˵Ŀ̡


1526 
ʳѪƳ⣬Ѫ⣬ʹ֣µҩ䵤ӡǽʹǿ򱶣ڽ˶£ʹöû˿ĵֵ׶ʴǵʹĶҺвѪ˿

Ŵ̶ĲҽԿ۵壬һЩطһСѪˮʣЩطѪ⣬ݻʳѪƳʳˡ
٣
һĻŶ۵ģطżһǿ߾Ե
͸ˣĥ

˶£Ȼٴξŭɶ

Һʹൽ㡣
츩ӶۣĮ
ۣ
ŭĺ𣬲ԶɵĶżҼٴγأŶʱģɵһ
ȡңȡ
ȣٴβҺ
ֻʳѪƳһʳѪอ쵤ӡʳѪƳʳѪʹŴ򱶣ȿ̿Ƿ֮ѣʵ̫ʹˡ
żҼŭֱӱ˹ȥ
վڶԱߣһֻŲڶؿڣĮĿŶżҼ

żҼڵΪȫ߶ɼͨҽɵҲһ𣬺Ƶһɺ˵ɱ֮Բѹ֮졣
ĿһҲֱ˵ɱ֮ӿǰǶ֣սìһֱӵĹᴩǰ
͵һȱ֮£żҼͨɵһʱǳ׷顣
漴۵һսìӿֱᴩĶżҼš

żҼҽУսìᴩζɲܡ
ɫսì͵һһɺɱսìڱֱżҼڣֱʹöżҼըң壬Ҳһ
ϾżҼ䲻ȴҲֻһʿѣȱǿҪɳΪ׼οֵܵˡ
磡
Զżһ
ͬһʱ䣬żҲǽԷǵļôһĨɱˡ
⣬⡭
սս
ʹҺĶۣսìʱɨżҵɡ
ܽ۽ԭأԷϳʳѪƳѪʹ쵤ӡǿʹУսìŶżҵǿȥ
Щˣ֪˶ȴͶһҪɱС̫ıǵһ뽫ƳɿܣȻܷŹЩˡ
ӭżɽһ̲סŵŵɵĺˣǾ⣬ʵսìɱ̫ˣɱǶżɳڵǿߣٻżҵĻҽڵĶżҼҲһĨɱˣǽǿ־塣
㡭Ҷż̩ʮǿ֮һĻ汦ɵĳϣգضն㣡
һɫĵ
·ʲôҲûٶ죬תۼ絽ڵǰ
ﬣ
еսìֱĹᴩǰһнԲɵ̼ڵܹâֱӹᴩ˵š

ڵżɲҽУһ̣ɼը鿪
ң壬Ҳһսì̵ľɱѹķ顣
㡭㻹Ҷ֣
һǿ߲ѾǶżһǿߣΪ̩ʮǿ֮һĻ汦ɵĳϣȴɺĶɱˣ־ŭ
ͬʱ־ĸоŨ
ʲôƨҪɱǣȺȥ

û˵ʲôսìһƬׯ԰ɱȥ
żׯ԰һɱ⣬־廷ơ
˶һۣʱ򣬵ǺˣܲҺĶۣҲżׯ԰Ͷżׯ԰ڵˣֱӳŶżׯ԰壬ҪӶżׯ԰Ӷݳȥʵսìֲ̫ˣǰĶżǿߣҲ˿⣬Ǽ£Իܵסǿֲսì졣
쿴ӶݣûκսìһֱӵƬ⣬̼ǽżƬׯ԰գĽӶݶߵżء
㣬㡭
żɱأݺݵĲձһƬ԰ףǿ־塣
սìֱˡ
Сֵܣ֡飡һ˿ڣָԶҺĶۣС𱨣ݶɱͺãԼŻ
ԣСĴ
һָŶ۵
żǿЧһ̣˿ʼģ
ıûκα仯Ҳǲ䣬սìǰ
ﬣ
սìì˽֯âֱĳǰѹ¡
ż־ŭֿ֣ʱ޿ɱܣֻó֣䶼Ǽǿͨɵ
ֻǣǵͨɵսìȴһͿתۼȫѹķ顣
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬սìһϣҵķ飬ҲһС
תۣżׯ԰Уֻʣһɣɫ׵Щˣɪɪķ
𡭡ҪɱңСֵܣ鰡
˳󣬷ġ
䵭ǲ飬еɻԣٴѹ¡

żƬׯ԰ɲҽУսìѹ飬Ҳһըѿ
һ˲䣬żһٴξ־塣ô̵ʱǶżһǿɣȫնɱƬżׯ԰ڡ

ĲҺصϲѪֻʳѪƳҴܣʳѪอѾҧ࣬ĵطۣ͸ۣԼ俴ֻ˺ҧѪ⣬ޱˡ
ɱңɱҰ
ۺС
һĻżһһĻ棬п᣿£
쿴ۣƫͷżһˡ
ӭ񣬶żһ˸Ǿ֡
㡭Ҫʲô
˲
ɨЩˣû⣬ֿ۱ڵϵĲҺĶۣкС̫Ŷżׯ԰λȥ
żڵǻĹżжҪȥȡһ˽⡣ͬʱһҲвٱػۣҲһߡ
һԶżҼΪ׵ļ֪˶£ȴҪɱһ˶ȡǵôܻ
ڶۺͶżҼ߸ɼǿżˣֻҪЩ˲ôȻЩɱ֣ȥЩˡ
Ҫߣɱɱңɱң
С
첽䣬ɶڵҺУܡһ㱻ʳѪƳѪอַĥúԼС̫żׯ԰ġ
ƿһҵĴţĿĵرзǳŨҩ㽻֯ڿУһ޽΢΢ݡ
ݣԪ
ⷽڵļɫɲݣ¶â


1527 ޾
ݣ̺вɵƬһѵõı֮꣬еɵƬ԰ڰ벽ɲεһǳ˵ٶԪ
쿴ɫɲݣⷽżڣݴԼžʮꡣ
һЩĵر㹻ǸԶڶԪ
˵
ݺܲȴҲһð벽ɼʿһԪⷽżڵȱ㹻࣬ǿǶڶԪ
ȴ⣬ڻٵĵرֵȻܸߣȴҲǲףһ֣һƬԣеĵرȫ
ȥطһЩȶȫߣ

ͷⷽ߳úƿңȡٱܲ
һżҴŹżĵĵطΪһ¥ż࣬һһܡ
ҵĴ¸ſ

ΪףżⷽŹżĸ¥ڣɨĿйĹżżУܿǶһԵ˽⡣
ԡݡ֣ÿݶǿеȴҪ౶Ĵݵ壬ͬǿеǳ㣬޷
Ĵ⣬ĺޱߵɳĮиָĹŴȻǿߣһҲ޷߱顣
򵥵˵ǣޱߣ
ڣʿƽռӿõܣͬǿǰ򵥵еڣ֮ϢΪʣȫͨȣصĲ
򵥵ĶԱȣ˵еһС̵ǿеһ̵ܺͻҪǿ
ңһǣڵĿռޱȼ̣Ҫлռ䣬Ҳþ߱ɾΪͬǿеǳǰ˺սƶҲþ߱ɾΪңƶľ룬ǳޡ
ѹ֮ǰƬĹڣ㼶𣬶ң߱ԶǿͬʿǿߣԭڵԶǿŹˡУѹ֮ǰ԰벽ɼͨһ˿δԭڵĿռ̡
ȡ
ĺܾˣȴվЩģڵΪԶ͡ڵĿռޱȼ̡㣬ȴǷǳ˲ɵ𺳡
Ƚ֯Ļа׳գҲȡ޴ĳɾͰɣѹǿпһЩżڣɼʿʲôضǡ
ĥ
˵ڵ飬һ;ϣǾжúơ
ҲǳԾܿͻָƽϾǱǿջҪߵȸ嫵Ĵ˵е磬ƮŵͨĿռͬǿЩͨǳڵĿռǰױ飬ǷЩ˵ȥ
˶٣һЩĹżС̫һ߹ۿȥ˽Ƭ嫴磬֪˸ࡣƬ˵е磬ν棬ȺȾۼ֮ⷽڣһ˫ʢɼʿڣ㲻ʲô಻ʤ
ͬʱҲ֪һǴڵΪ̩ݡڣ̩ݣݼ䣬ֻǷǳ۵һɼ֮࣬ͬż̩ڣȫʲôҲ㲻ϡ
֮ǰżҵһϼһǵʲô汦ǻ汦ɵһϣǸ汦ɣ̩ݵУʲô𣿡
ʵ
󷭣󣬺ܿһ˽⡣
汦ɣ̩ݵУʵŽǰʮ֮У쳣ǿµĵӣĶ㾳𣬶ϣǽɼǿߡ
Ҳ˵żǸǽɼ𡣡ĵ˶żҼͶżɣҲ̣ȡ˶żеĻۣǸż֪󣬿϶öԸǣһ˸ɴеģʽ
ˮڣûʲôˡɱ֮˾͵ɱվһۣһҪɱ

үϲǿƵģ
Ц
һżҴŹżĵĸ¥ڣ˸Ĺżص㿴¹̩ݵ֣ϾǴ̩֮ϡͬʱҲ֪һ㣬Ǿǣڣǧڵˣһ
ǿлڣҺС̫һ쿴ǿлڣ㶼ϼһòϣ˰
ѽ
С̫Ļ۾һգһգġ
@#쵰
ƿڴ
Ц߹ⷽ¥ط¥ڵйżȫЩżУŲǿͨطҲһھ˵ıء
ˡ
˵
żׯ԰ڣмֵĶǶûҪˡ
кС̫߳żģżȥܿ߳Զ

Ĳҽڶżⷽׯ԰ڻصǰڵرԶϲѪˮӶѾˣͷ¶⡣
ٶżڹɫףûһǰһǲңΪ֪콫۽컹ڶżң´ŭ죬֮ǰչֳǺۺŭǼѡҲҪһ㣬ǱǣŶ۵սìЩͨż˵ͲƵĿ޷ۡ
ʱЩ˼һ˴ӶżĴǸ̲סһ
֮ǰնɱżҼ˵Ļ棬ǰص

ҽ̶ۻѪѪⱻҧãอ˴롣
еͦʵ
Ŷ۵ģЦŷ̡
Įɨ۶ۣɨܵżˣû˵ʲôкС̫żҴȥ
ʱ򣬶ȻûȥȴҲѾˣ󴴣ԴҲѾĿʼϨȻǿˣҲ޷֮Ȼ
Է޾ʹ࣬ȥ
̣Լһʱʱ䡣
𡭡ߣɱңɱɱҡ
ۿ죬һ߲ҽһɱʹܣ
첽䣬ȥкС̫ܿ߳żׯ԰

۵ҽУϵԶżׯ԰ڴ
˶ǲ⣬ն𳯶żԶȥ
һʱ뿪żҺԶ뵽һɽڣ޺졣
ҸЩĵطЩڶԪ
˵


1528 ͻȻֵŮ
ɽڣ޺ˣ졢С̫УúҵһСɽߣռߣʮƽ
֣ԶżȡľʮȫȡȡһЩĵرЩĵر;ʮǶ۳ڶԪ
ʼɡ
˵
С̫ͷûԥ¶תԵĹžʼЩԼĵر
ʱϽԲеâƶңһٶȱǿ
˶٣̫ľתҲʼЩݺĵر
ˣ
⣬ɵĵâһ֯ݺЩĵرһƵıŨ
ݲǿֱð벽ɼʿ۳µԪ֮ƬԷǳٵİ벽ɼʿӶԪ
ݺĵرɵĵâԽŨɢתָ֮ӦƮؼɵĴڡ
ûؼɵ֮ڣ֮ǰĳ֮󣬿ʼεȥ˽ɵΪݵĹϵʱɵٶȿľˣֻǹȥʱѣɵּһ
ʱʼٴǣɵıԴӡϴεıԴӡǿ
ǣɵıԴӡ֮ڣ
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
պһ죬ǣڵڶɵıԴӡ֮£ڶԪȵһԪƮԴԱߡ
ŵڶԪ۳ɹһһɴڵӶ
ˡ
лһĨ΢⡣
ʮݣһЩĵرʱɹ۳ڶԪսǿЩϢɵҲǱøǿᡣ
Ȼǿᣬֻ۳һԪʱԣǿߣϢɵϢ΢ө֮⡣
䣡
䣡
Աߣǿܳ𣬼дϢɵС̫ͬʱڶԪ
ˬ
ĵڶԪԸоԼ֮ǰǿ˲١
С̫գŴ۾⽻֯ɫ񻪣Ҳǿࡣ
ȹ¾硣

£һٴתԵĹžֲͬâⷽɽںƵֱֹȥһʱ䣬һͬʱͣǰΪȹ̡
վչ壬һž죬ȻȻ绡֯ȥ
С̫ĵâȣҲǺܿ춼㵽С
СӣǸսìôˣϱ̬˵һξͷӡˣ
ʱ
ȻʱϾƹ˵սìһӡһʹһκ󣬷ӡͻῪսìӡʹ֮Ϊһͨսìֻﵽ󣬲ܳƿȷӡѾʹùһսìʱȴ⻹Աһ˿ڴϣսìûбӡϾǸսìǷǳǿֲ
ӡˡ
һֽǸսìȡìѾû˿âƣûаϢɵ򣬳ȴӲ̶⣬һͨսìѾû̫
ϧսìӡ£ȫԺˡ
Щʧ
ûʲôÿϧģֻ֮һʱҪģҪԼ
˵սì
ۣүȻ֪˵ͣ̾Ϣĵ˵ʦֱǱ̬һ·ջĵرΪٶˣǱ̬ʦٶȣֱֵһᣬǱ̬֮ǰչֳʵعҲӦǴ񾳲ˡ
ֻһѣȻܶȡǸֲĺߵȱԷƵԻһӶݣʵͲɵüЩ
ϼһﱻ콾ֿɲǰ׽еġ

콾̾ϱ̬ڹ콾ʵĺ塣

ԱߣС̫Ҳǲɵ÷
ɽڣռл谵˶٣кС̫ɽ߳
߳ɽߣطĴɽ䣬ɽĸֹľķǳ׳ԣһʼǷֻҪˣ쳹ա
䣡
𶯣ǿӿ
ԶʮͷëԳͫ죬ȣϢҲԱȵǿЩ۳Ԫǿߣǿһͷɿ۳˵Ԫǿڣˡ
򰡣ǿضǣǿȣֱԡ
п
һȺԳľȻҲɿ۳ԪǿʿʵǺܾˣطȴƫԶ̩ϵһ֡
ҲͬУȴûж˵ʲôƽĿʮԳ
¡¡ģʮԳŶߣȺУĹУرĴ죬һɳ
֣۳ڶԪս
˵
ͷүд⡣
С̫ĽԴٲȻǷǳͬ
ϡ

һ޵¶ǶֱӺͳʮͷԳսһ
һʱ䣬â໥֯طܵĹľһһϡ
գɷǳȹ̣һ˿Ҳ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʮͷԳǿҶúɱһδӿһޡ
졢С̫ͨʿսͺǿڶԪ󣬱Ǳøǿ죬İ벽޵Уֻƾż򵥵֮ǺһУתۼǽʮͷǿԳȫ
Գ־ӶݶȥмͷǱɱʬڵرϡ
С̫żͷԳʬգգֿۣ죬ġ
ݸ
ϾʱͷޣСһﵱʱϲĺܣѽѽС
ʱСһ￴˿ͷԳʬĿԡ
£һͷԳʬ뿪úһȽϰȫĵط𣬿ԳѪ⣬Գ֮ϣʱʱ̵죬һε˳űıƵԳ·£󷢳
תۣ硣
С̫űõĽԳ⣬۾ģˮû
ݸԶˡ
иһֿԳ⣬ָС̫ԼҲһ顣
ԳⱻƺˣС̫۾ֱһСҧ쿾õԳ⣬һҸı顣
ʵ˵ζ治
ĵ
ȻϾҿġ
Ц
˵ţ΢ǰȥлһĨ֮ɫ
ʱǰ⣬֪ʲôʱ˸ŮֱĿϵĿԳ⡣


1529 Ƥ
ͻȻֵŮЩݣΪȻŮʲôʱվǸλϵĶ֪
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣС̫ҲǷŮ
Ůޡʲôʱģ
ҲǶݣһʱҲ¶֮ɫ
ŮƯ񻣬峾ףվһ˳˳ֱżϵѾĽɫԳ⣬۾գһµģǹ
죺
飬С̫֮ǰԿӼֱһģӿ̳ġ
˶٣ŮҪԵ㣿
Ҫ
£ŮһĵͷģٲȻڵ仰
ǺգһԳŮ
Ůźʶܲȴǲֱֽӹȥſھҧܿ췢С̫һۣһҸģ
ܿ죬Գⱻ˸ɾ
ģ
죬۾⣬ϺǶվŽɫͣġ
˵ţϵĿԳϣȻǻԵģ
첻ɵЦС̫СԻеһƴ
Լȡÿ
˵
һͷԳǡ
ţ
ŮͷҲĲ৵ľͶһСذףԼָһ鿾Գ⣬Ľ
죺
طȼգԳϣ̵죬ϵķ
Ů¾ŴĿ⣬ǳˣϵıҸЩ
СŮܳԡ
ۣŴԳ⣬ÿһɶڰС
Ůһ㶼Σһγֶ棬㡣
˵ҲǲȣΪʿңΪ
ллѽá죬Ȼҽаˮˮȫİˮˮ˵ҳʱźܴ꣬洦ˮȡˮˮ
죬
ô㣬׵
ЩЦ
ˮˮ֣ҲǲҲͦġ
Ļˮˮ̫⣬ȴҲǲû̫⣬бѾûԶҲ׼ȥбɵ𣿡
ȥбɣ

бɣ֮ǰڶżռĹżпƬ̩ϵһǳǿɣ汦ɣ汦ɡɡұɡϼɡīɡ౦ɡɡٷ籦ɺ̩ɱһ𣬳̩ʮɣƬǰеʮµڶ࣬еºƾá
ţԣбʵҪǣһ汦ɡɡұɡϼɡīɡ౦ɡɡٷ籦ɡ̩ɱɹͬƹ̩ϵһƬŵأŵÿʮ꿪һΣ£ֻʮɵĵӲʸȥ챦ԵࡣҪǣݴһף˵Ƥɣ˫
ˮˮ
סƤɣ
һС̫Ҳݡ
ЩΪĲǿǿиǿż֪࣬ʮһЩżصĹǳʮЩżмأǻۻʾʥ飬ʵϣͲˣҲϣأ޳
ҲΪˣڿ뵽𼶲κڵѪɲѣûܻΪΣʵڻ̫ңԶ
̩ϵһŵڣȻһԡƤɵףʵС̫ԾƤɵսװˣǼ׾Լֵ죬ϵǸսìҪǿ
⴫ԣ
ʰˮˮ
⻰ˮˮ΢Щ㶣аﲻǺܶ˶֪㲻֪
죬ʱЩ졣
֪֮ǰһֱɽź߳ɽ
˸ڡ
С̫ղŴǿнȻ֪ĻſһЩȴǲ֪ڡסĴţȻ˿֪
һֱɽڣ̿࣬ҲơˮˮֹŵȴԹžУʵŵȷʵףֻһֱûбѰĴ̽Ѱȴûܳɹ
ԶݣףôѰһƬ̶ڣӹŴڣȴһֱûбѰ
ԱߣС̫ҲЩԾ
ŮޣһΣǷŵڣԡƤף
ʵ
УֻǺѱѰѡ
ˮˮͷ
ʹ졢С̫ǲ졣
ȥбɣΪͨбɽƬأѰף
ʵ
ȥбɣȷʵΪͨбɽƬŵأΪȥףǶ̫ˣԹôﶼҲҿɲԼҵˮˮܴ󷽣ڣȥһֱȽϺĹҩõģطѰ˵Ƭŵ
ҩ
Щ档
ҲᣬүүᣬͷЩԵܸȤǰõһ쵤ĵҩҪֹɼȴûУطҲȡڵͷʱǳˣЩ̾ϢӡǡбյӣǷŵشϻмʱͻῪҾˣ֮һҪƬŵѰȻͻȥͷͷһܸˡ
ˮˮ
ԣɵһЦ㵹ͦТ˳
ТΪңүүҡˮˮ˵ţظһʼ⣬ȥбɵ𣿡
֮ǰû뷨ڿȥȡȥƬŵؽҵ
˵Ҳǲڡ
˵ʵȷʵȥ̩ƬŵҿףϾǼ׿ԡƤıף˫ѰôȻǷǳպ٣ӵɡ
ңС̫ոսѡһҲһǳľ
һЩǿ߽ƬŵؿǶѰҰ󡣡
ˮˮۡ
Զ󱧸
Ц
ţ㱧󡣡ˮˮǷۣҲЩˣǽһȥɣҶԴӼһϤ˶ûС
УͽС

úˮˮС̫뿪Գĵطһ̶ķ򣬳бɶȥ
һٶȲбɾ֮ǰĵطȷʵҲ̫ңԶˣնУԼȥʱһ嫹ɽȺǰ
ȥɽȺڣŨһΰĵһձʣеŵٺԶ֯ŵɫʺ⣬ݷɹ
бɣˡ
ˮˮָǰ


1530 
쿴ǰɽȺڣÿһɽǷǳʣܱ߰ƲƣǳƬɽȺڵбɣһһձɾˣͨϵһЩ֮ȣǸ
š
Щ˸
бɣֻƫԶ̩ϵһѣһЩǿĴϵŸܱȣȴǷʵԲԾ
ģܺ󡣡

С̫գգۣ˵СԴһʾͬģ
߰ɣǽȥ
ˮˮ
ͷͰˮˮԼС̫һɽȺúбɵͥǰ
һͥǰһǳƽ̹شɲ컨ʱۼʿÿһѪĶ㾳Ρ
ЩˣΪбɶ
ʰˮˮ
ӦöǣϾ⼸бյͽӣʱЩ۵ңȻͶΪ˼бɶ
ˮˮ
ʱವʮߴбڷɳѪˡ
һɨطһʿּâ˸ʮʯݵֶÿһܹоʮŽݵ鲼źڰɫƺ͵ơ
ʲô
ʰˮˮ
ˮˮۣ֪
֪
ʵǡ
ˮˮۣ͵ⶫݣʯɣƺ͵ƣԸӦʿıԴǱܵǿֻ㾳ϵ˿ԵжϣжϵݵԽ࣬˵ʿıԴǱԽǿԹǴŻСʵɸѡʱԵС
ŵϸһ˵㾳ϵ˿ϵݣϳʮߣɳɾɾϳʮߣɳɾͽɾϳʮߣɳɾɾϳʮߣɳɾɾϳʮߣɳɾܳ߹ʮݵˣ˵ɿϡ
ͷ˽ˡ
һһֱɽȻЩ¶֪
ˮˮַۡ
ЦЦû˵ʲô
ҲʱǰӳʮݵǸٴοڣɨطһʿţȾˣڹλʱͶ֪ЩǣݳʮߣɽбС
⻰һһʿǺƽȻͬڵбɵǿԣЩʿǰǶѾ֪бɵĿ˹򣬱ϾⲻбɵһյͽյͽһǵϳʮϣǾͿɳΪбɵӣС
ʱЩ˶ʮݣ΢΢ȭŵٶϡ
ã˿ʼ
ڵб
£طһʿˢˢĳʮݡ
졢ˮˮС̫ıȽŵıȽϺ棬ʱں棬ǰ󿴵ʮǰݿˣʮУϳʮݵȴֻǧ˶ѣңֻǿʮݶѡ
˵˳ʮݣ
⡭ǣ
ʮݣǡɳɾɰ
ܴһʿĿ𺳣ʮеһϣϷһ꣬ʱٵ˵ʮһݡ
ǴбгʮߣʱҲǶΪ֮ݣϵݳʮݿɳɾɾ磬бɣǿҲɳڶѡ
ϣ絽ݵʮһݣѾǺˮټϿ磬ڿ絽ʮݵʱվ޷ټ֣
˵ݵʮݣǡδɰ
ǿ
ҪҲܵϳʮݣǾͺˣҲܳɾɡ
˶ֱֱĿŻꡣ
¶һȻܱ飬һضȥ
ǸƽΪбɻֳͨ˵ʿվĵط˿̣վŴԼǧʿ֮ǰ˵ݳʮݵһȺʿ
λ̨
ǰȻ˵ʮݣ
ɳɾɣϲɺذ
ŻƬĴк
ߵ򣬱ưɨѾվǧʿԹߵǧ˺Զһλϣ˫ۣκˡ
ʹǧʿɫһǳŻ鿪ڵЩˣɫǱЩѿˣ¶Щˬı飬һĻȻǿ˻ǲм˵мվһΪЩ˶ֻǿ˵ʮݣȴǿ˵ݳʮݡ
Ŀˡ
ĵ
쿴ǸֻǵһЦû˵ʲô
ˮˮɨۻ꣬ƲСΪǣֻɶѣʲô˵ģҲ̩ƫԶ΢Сɫ˲࣬˾ܳɾɾͺ޵ˣʵϣ㲻ʲô̩߳ݣЩʢߴϣ洦ɼңֻǲԴǱܶѣ˵ɳɾɲΣǶãǧأ治ֵý
һǰˣ

˵ʿһһǰֵܿ졢ˮˮС̫
ǰͬһݡ
졢С̫ϵʮݣԶ£ͬʱ
ǵ߶ȣûио˿ѹԼϿ磬ȴüϿˡϾʮݾѾͨ˿ˣûҪټϿ硣
бɻͨ˵վƬ򣬶ݣˮˮڼϵǣһ·ʮݣֹסŲʼˡ
Ů޲򵥣ǵʮݣȫûзһ˿࣬Ȼͬһǹⲻϵǣϣ˵ǿݳʮݣǿʮݣǾʮݣҲѶȡ
΢΢˫ֻۣԼС̫ܹ
ĬĬͷȻҲǿһ㡣
ƬһʿҲǿˡˮˮϵʮݶ¡һĻʿǲɵҡͷ
ϧֻһܿʮݣδɳɾɣһ֮ң
̾
ˮˮӵ£ֱ졢С̫ǰͨ
ϲϲ
Цŵ
ҲϲǣҴһʼţһͨˡȻҲԼͨ
ˮˮЦĵ
ʱǾбɻ֮ͨվڣǧͨ˵վһ˵Ц
ֻǿʮʮݣ͸ϲЦտĿǳ
һгƬԶ
Ǹλã걧˫ۣɫưɨˣǲм


1531 ߳ȥ
쿴վԶڵĻ꣬ɨ˶Էһۣûж˵ʲô
ɵX
̵
б⣬ʿ࣬һһʿٵݿˡ
֮תۼʱȥǰʿȫϣϵʿУֻܹǧͨˣͨ˵ǧУֻһ˵ٵݳʮݣʮʮ׶
ȻУ졢С̫Ͱˮˮ⣬ǹⲻٳʮݡ
ûͨ˵ˣһǴһʧܿ뿪ȥ
ϾȻʧܣЩûͣڴ˵ء
ϲλͨˣ𣬶Ϊбһŵӡ֮ǰʮ˿ڣǧˣɨƬ⣬ÿһⶼһƺһ򣺡ЩƣΪбɵŵӵЩڼбɵһЩϢϢڣǰŵӾȥѡԵľС
ˣȥɡ
˵
ǣ
ǧͨ˵ĵӦɵĽбڡ
У󲿷˶Ǵ˷ܺͼбɵĵˣбɣ̩ǿʮ֮һбɵݣպ̩ϣʿ˶ɵԣǼá
졢С̫ͰˮˮһУС̫֮ǰʵϲҪȥݿˣΪ࣬һֻҪͨˣǾͿɺһڣֻ˳ȥԶѡ
ȥѡҵľҲȥѡǵľȥǡ
ˮˮбڣŮ޵Ӻ޵ӵľֿġ
ãȥɡ
Цŵͷ
ˮˮһЩŮһȥˣŮ޾
졢Сֱ̫ǰУŵӵ޾ȥ
λڣȻҲ֪֮ǰǸбɵ߸ڣЩԼжбɵĸſԼŹȼء
һ̶УúһƬľڣռطΧڣĸ¥һһÿһǼΪݻжԺӣΪ
ÿһĸ¥Ժӣ໥ļ붼Ǻܴʮϡ
ǲ⻹ֻŵӵľѣŵӺ洫ӵľָ֪õжݻ
ĵ
֮ǰбǸ߷µڵ֪бɵĵӷΪΣֱŵӡŵӺ洫ӣ໥ľǷֿģԽϲӣԽУ洫ÿ˶ԶɷΪ
졢С̫ߵƬУǰߣۿЩ¥
ĸ¥ȥһƺһЩȴǲͬ
ѡ
ҵˣ
ѡ
ͨбɿ˵ĵǧУ޵ռ˳ɣĿҲǱȽ϶࣬ʱ򣬲ƮڿУȺѡԼľ
һ޵ǲƬŵӾͣͣܡ
벻벻ү񶼰벽ɾˣһС
ĸп
벽ɾƬﲻֻײѣûʲôˡ
С̫۾λεģҿͦ档
һУת۱̶ӹȥ
ʱС̫ŵӾϽ䣬һطĸ¥¥ĵȴǱ¥ҪǿһЩƿԺĲһ㡣ΪҪǣط¥ϵĻľżľ֯⡣
ѡ

ѡطΪĵֺܺãϾȻĵֱĸ¥ҪһЩҲòȥûʵʵĺôѡҪĻطĻȽľȽϲľһЩĵط
㡣

ͷһǰ߽¥еԺڡ
ﲻҪˡ
һЩϤһ경УȻ֮ǰͨ˵ǧΨһһϵݳʮݵˡ
졢С̫Ѿһ¥ʱ򣬻ͷꡣ
ʲôûٵĻҪˣȥطѡ

ѾһѡԼ뿪

ɫһ䣺СӣƺţѾ˵ˣﱾҪˣ
첻ɵһЦһѡݵ߽ѡµľһԼѾѡöԷ뿪ͳš
Цſˣ齥ĮЩڣԼȥȥ
ΪǵĻ꣬Ͳϲ֮ǰб⣬˲мĳˮˮС̫ʱȥԷһʶʱ˾ȻѡµľɾͲˣ¹ϵ¡
˵ʲô첻Ըط˳ȥҾȻڴȥɫ䣺㲻ϵʮݶѣңʮݣҲҲҴطȥ
ףôˣ

Ǹ꣬οΨһһݳʮݵˣ
Ƭʿߵǿ˹Χ˹
ǸˡУΨһһݳʮݵǻ꣬δܳɾɵİң˵ʵҲǿ󡣡
Ϊһһδɾɵˣ⡭оǺǡ
ǰ
˿죬ҡͷ
Χˣų϶Ǹոͨο˵бŵӣͬʱҲһЩһŵӣʱһĻһЩŵԶ˫ۣȻǵſ֡
ЩŵӣʵףĶĵԪİ벽ɡ
ԺڣǿļΧطһʿҲüһЩʿۣǳܲǣɫưЩұʿǿΪ𣬱˵һΣ㲻ֻϵʮݶѣ٣ʮݣûʸϽȥ
ȻҲüܲʿΧ˹ڿ֣ǣȴô⡣
Ż꣬Էȥ
ΪǺһԺУʱԺŲԶʱȥڻһЩʿˣҪ뿪
ܿ죬ߵ⣬ǰС
ЦͶˣʶʱΪ
飡
ߵǰһ仰ҲûУֱ̧߳ڻؿڣ˽Ļ߳ԺʮԶ


1532 ֫
걻һ߳ԺӣɳȥʮԶݺݵײһʯ֮ϣһ죬ʯײķѣһѪˮֱӴӿпȳ
һĻʱطһʿǱɫ
Ҫ뿪ȻǸ˳ȥ
ʿԾ
֮ǰ쳯ŻȥΪǸҲԺڵķ˶Ϊˣȴ룬ߵǰֱһ߳ͨ˵УΨһһϵݳʮݵ˸˳ȥ
⡭
ʿЩ£һĻǲϵ
ȻС̫ȻһϵˣԸ
ΪǣװëԼᡣ
ĵɨ۱߷ɳȥĻꡣ
û˵ʲô߻ȥ׼¥ڿ
ҲʱһǿܲԶ𣬻վܷӿɫѿһԺٴ
ҶԱٶ֣
죬Ǻ֮⣬ղźʿһΪˣҪ뿪Ժӣȴû뵽쾹ͻȻ֡
СԺӼȥÿһ£涼΢΢һϵĺܲʮ־ˡ
⡭벽ɾҡ۳Ԫİ벽ɣ
ţʵ
ǿ
ӦŻɢϢոͨ˵ŵӶ¶֮ɫΪȻͨ˿ˣΪȴǴڵ۷Σ벽ɣ̫ԶˣǱǿ̫ˡ
һЩطֵһŵӣҲ¶ɫΪЩˣбʱҲ㾳Ϊ벽˵ҲǴ㾳󾳽ڡں۷׶Σȴرսө֮֮ԵĶԱȣͬһΡ
䣡
ܹһԺ䣬죬Ŀ
죬Ȼ
ղ߲ߣҶԱٶ֣ڣǾͲҪֱ飡۶֫Ȼٶȥ
˺
˵ţתۼǿԺ֮ڣֱ̧֣צֱץȥ
ָ񣬴ź⣬Ȼ۶ֱۡ
ΪΪ˴ϣ鶼飬֫۶ϱҲ˲ָܻڱʵֲͨеֶΣ㱻۶ϵ֫ʱڻָڴ繷һϰ꣬ɾϵɵˡ

䣬ָϵĺŨһ⣬ҪһжŤ
ת۶ѣָ䵽ǰ
쿴ˣ΢΢һαͱܿ˵ֱۣһѿס˵
ɫٶͦ죬ٷš
˵ţһ٣ͻȻǲҽ΢΢һֱӽǸŤϡ
һξ͹ˣҴ

ղţһŽ߳ԺӣһţѾǷǳˣĻǿȣһžܽߵķǡ
һţһ棬ȴǲ룬Է߷ɺٴο˽Ҫϵ֫
ֹסҽͨ屬ǿܣ̶
Ҫÿ
춾𶯣Ҫ֣ٴι졣
ֻǣ侪ˣɻܣѳȥ
㡭
飡
һֿŻһֱ߳ڻؿڡ
һţ֮ǰһԶһЩʱʹûٴηҽУſھһھѪ
쿴ˣ֮ǰƣҪ۶֫ɸ꣬԰ɣ
Ķ죬оɫŭɫڣԣ硭
˵ٴ֮ӿû˵ֱУֱӴͷ
㡭
궢죬նŤЩֹǣױķˡ
۶֫ôҲ۶֫鵭Į⣬ΪΪ˴ϣ飬֫۶ϱ˲ָܻʵֲͨеֶ㱻۶ϵ֫ʱڻָڴ꣬ɾϵɵˡ
־ŭʹ㡭
˿̶˵Ļ֮ǰ˵ĻΨһͬǣ֮ǰƵǡ繷ڴɰꡱǻˡڴꡱ
˿۶һֱۣǳĴΪоˣʱ۶ϵֱۣȻ޷˲ָ
Ķ
һڳӾ˵ܣһֻ̧һȭȥ
ߣһ߳ؿڣֱӽɢ飬ʹöԷȭֹס
漴ٴ߳һţ˵ϣдһ˵ȹǷ飬һУʹ޷Լ޸ȹǣ֮ͬǰ˵ֱ۰㣬޷лָ

ҽУһֱ۵Ĺͷ飬ʱһȹҲ飬һʱûվȣɿֱ֣ӱһģˤڵϡ
⡭
Ǹ꣬۳Ԫİ벽ɣϵݳʮݵأȻסˣ
ô׾ͱ
Ժ⣬һȺֵʿ󾪡
һЩһŵҲԾʱĿȫϡ
ȻЩ˶Ǳ˿ֳ̱սסˣһŵĵӣȻȵѹסԪİ벽ɣңǵ˵ݳʮݵİ벽ɣʵЩ𺳡
Ժڣŭһֱۺһȫ۶ϣһɹ֯ڣʹʹޱȣʱԼ޷޸塣
㾹ҡ˶ң
ŭĶ죬õվЩĿɱ⡣
Ա֮ʩ˶ѡУҺܲˬ
˵ţ֣ס˵һֻõ֣дֱ֮ӽ˵ֻõֱۣҲ۶Ϸϵ

ʹٴβҽС
ֱ̧֣һƳ˵ϣǳգݻѪˮӷ
һٴˤڵأѪˮ
̧ȣõȲȥ
ס֣
ٵؽе
ʱ˫ۺȶϵˣʱ޷лָһõȶϵĻͬ㱻춪ȥǸʱ򣬻жûУͬڵϣһֱΧۡ
£Ը⣿
Ҵɵŵܻٶ֣ҴԲŹ㣡
죬ɭв
Ȼһطһʿһ
ʲôĴ磬бɵŵӣ
бɵŵӣ˵ɶɼϵǿߣ
⡭
ʿݡ
ͬһʱ䣬еһЩһŵӸǽ¶ɫ
ǡܻʦֵĵܵܣ
ȻЩһŵǣ֪ܻˡ


1533 ϴӲ
ŻĻ˶סˣ꾹Ȼбﻹһֳŵӣ
бɵŵӣǿɶɾǿﰡ
ʼвˣС˵Ǻק𣬰˵ͷʲôԼ򰡡
Цŷ̡
Ǻ⣬ȳûκҪջص˼Ʋļ¡
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ʱ̶ĽԺնֱȥ
ǳ죬Ҵŵƺ
üƣ⡣
⻮ռ䣬ڼԶһɽڣֱըƬ̳
ವӰͻأԺУڻǰ
ʦܣڣġ
һ˲꣬˵

ǲ
˵ͷ
걻Щɻ󣺡ǣ
ʦܣҲбɵӣҽ棬˷ֱͷƲԡһ˿ڣΪ棬Цŵ˵˽бѾܾãŵӣֳܻʦ֣Ľĺܡ
ԱߣͷƲԶǵͷǰܻʦֺҵȺܾء
겻ɵ˲ͿΪֳܻ
лλܻУţδȥֳԺ󶨻ʦǰἰλֳպλ

桢ͷƲжһĨϲɫʱܻУΪŵܻĹϵ˺ŵܻЩϵܻֳܻԺǣȻǸˡ
Ͼһǿɼŵӹգ˵бŵڣǱ;Իм֮ŵ˸ǡ
ʦ̫ˣʦܣӦġЦܻԵÿ죬ڣΪʦֻһ
ã
ܻеͷ죬ɭ
Ѿ˳ǿܶ࣬Ѿ۳Ԫ
΢΢ͷǰ߳һ죬ĮʦܵǸԺӣȻԷ֫ұ㲻Ϊ㡣
ԺܣʿΧطʱһȻΪһĻݡ
һŵӾȻˣ⡭
Ѿбɺܾãʵǿĺܰ
Ǹˣ¡
ЩʿУ඼ͨ˵бŵӣǵһμˣ֮ǰȴ˺ܻнԼ֪һбŵӡеһЩŵӣ֪ˡ
쵰ˣģ
ŵӰգܻУǺŵܻϹϵĽݾȴȥ
Ժڣ쿴棬ȻҲܻĽУ֪桢ͷƲһŵӡ
ǿͷȰûȤ

ңҲȻʱܻеԭܻͨУŵܻЩϵ
ɫһĵˣʦֽ𣡡
ʦ֣Ҳ䣿
ƽ
ڣЦų֪С˵ֳбɵŵӣǣ֪ǻС˲ҪǿѾѡõľȴΪҪͨǸŵЩϵǿͷǵǸԺԷ֫ҲǹͼҪģȻ˼Գʦ֣Ƕġ
ġ
С̫ĸ͡
ɫһӱͷƲԵɫҲǱһƬ
֪طܻаԵҲȷʵΪ֪ܻеֳŵܻ֣ǳֵԭطһʿʵ඼ĵõһ£һ¡
ܻĽܻеĶڳĴǵһ衣

ɫɭֱ̧֣ûӡȥ
ߣһӣһɫ콣âն
וּһ콣âˣתۻӡǰ
͵һĳӡֱӱһնķ飬ңһĽ⵴ĵŵŵɺ˳ȥԶ
⡭
һбһŵӣ
Ǹ棬񡭡Ѿ۳Ԫ˰ȴǱһ
ԺΧ˿һĻ¶ɫ
Ժڣסο죬ɫʱЩѿһһŵӣбѾܶ꣬񣬾ȻһոŵŵӸһԶίʵһЩ˵¡
ͬʱͷƲҲ붯ݣΪһһĻ
˶˶٣俪ڣܻеʦϢƬ̣ҺƲҲȥһѸѹˣʦǸ֫󶪳ѸٽʦҲϢҲЩֳܻʦּ档
ãλ
ܻеͷ˵ĿɭĿ죬ȻЩҽ֡
ͷƲԺܻе˵ͷǰվһ
һѸѹ

ã
ͷʵϣ赭дһԶֱӸоĲ򵥣һ֮Ҫѹ죬ѶȿЩ
ʱ죬ĿǱ⣬һƵơ
俴죬ģٸһᣬʦܵǸȻԷ֫Զ֣ҪԵĿͷܶࡣ
쿴䡢ͷƲԣƽ
Ҳһᣬ˵һΣҪûȤ˳ȥҵûֹ򣬺Ը
˵
⻰һɫӱ䣺Ҫ
úʲôѹϵ֫ȥ
ƲԵ
֣
濪ڡ
䣬һܺ¡¡𶯣ֱӳ֣ѹǶȥ
ͷƲҲͬʱ֣ܣӲͬķѹ졣
һĻʹԺһʿһ˶Ϊֶ֮ݡ
һŵӣȻͬʱһռɵµӶ֡
ˣɶ۳Ԫİ벽ɰ
⡭
ǸܻǸܻУԲͬʱ۳Ԫŵӣ֣¡
Σˡ
ҡͷ
䣡
ԺڣӿǷǳǿᣬʱѾƵǰ
ǿܣסϵÿһռ䣬˿ܵĻᡣ
ƽѹ˿Ҳ⡣
˽۳Ԫǳǿ󣬷ŵǿȥս۳˵ԪҲǺѣǣǿֻǰȴ㲻ʲô
ӭѹˣûκλڵĶ̧𣬶򵥣ֱһȭ˺


1534 ȫϵ
򵥵һȭȭˣһĺ֮
͵Ĵ˼ܵһʱǱһȭķ顣
漴ȭȭ𵴿ϡ
飡
飡
飡
ƺͬһʱɣſڿѪ
һĻʱطңɵӽǱɫһŵӣ۳ԪǿڣȴȻһȭͱŵȫɣѪ˲ɵһ
ôǿ
˿죬ľ֮ɫͲ˼֮ɫ
ܻҲһ˵ʵԸоǿ˲٣۳ԪǣϣȴȻһȭͱͬʱ˳ȥ
˱ɣһǿпѪȥվ
ʱ¿죬и⡣
ô΢ĩʵҲˣ᣿
쿴ˣƽ
˵ɫǱһ࣬Ȼԡ΢ĩǵʵ
ͨȫ֣
溮
£ٴζ֣һΣеϢɢ漴ӰԻֲһͨͬʱʩչ֯ǿẮѹ졣
һ֮ǰ˵Ĺǿʮ֮࣬չ۷ʵ
۳ԪǵȫƽһͿ
Ķ䣬Ǽֱӣֻһȭӭϡ
һȭ֮ǰһȭ˼ɲȫֻȫѡ
ȻˣȴҲ㹻ˡ
˵һͬһطը쿪˼ͨͬղһ㣬̼䱻
漴촫ٴκɣԴڿѪ嶼Ѻۡ
һŵӣȫչֳͨȴȴ
ͬʱˣֻһȭ
⡭һͨ˵ŵӣ
طһʿǴ󺧡
˹ڵأѪǴղţѾͬʱȫˣɽǾ㤣ͬʱȫ֣Ǳһȭ͸ɡ
úöţƫҪ˰ˣᣬվֻ𼺶³


С̫˵Ļ̣ȴǻѧϰǸ
˵ɫʱޱѿҧ
ƽȥ
㡭Ҫʲô
ӭ˶һıƽǶо˲
ƽٶȺһӰɲǼǰ
ɫٶ㡭
̧֣һѿס˵ֱۣ֮ӿֱӽֱڵĹͷȫ顣

ҽУֹǱȫ飬ֱ֮⣬ʹѵң޸ֱۣȴȫС
ǳˣᣬǵ˵ܻһĻҪϵ֫԰ɣ
һ֮߳ϣһǼ֮ȹǣʹöԷ޷޸ơ
ٴηҽУ־ŭֵֿĶ죺

ٶȺܿ죬飬ץסֱֹۣ飬ڶԷֱڣʹȫ޷Լʵ޸ơ
ôңҾôǣܹƽԲԣ

˵ţȵȹҲ飬ʹԷ޸
ҽУ֫ʱ򱻳׷ϵˣΪ֮֫ڣԼ޷޸ơ
롣
̧ȾһţֱӽԺ߷ɣԺʮԶ
Ժ⼫ԶҽУ
Ǹһŵӣô
Ժ⣬˸оļ£ɵö¡
ͬһʱ䣬ͷƲԶǺݺһ־ŭ
㾹ͬʦ֣
ָ죬ָ
ͬʦ֣֮ǰҺ˵Ҳ䣿ǣʲôɫҲǰԳʦ֣
쿴ˡ
ָţɫѿ㡭
ৣ
ת۳ǰһѿס˵ֱ֣ӽֹ顣

֮ͬǰ㣬䷢ҽУ̶
˵ôԸңҾôԸǣƽ

֣ȺֱۡȺȵĹͷȫ
ÿһΣʩ֮ʹöԷ޷Լ޸塣

˵һŽ֫ϵ߷ɳԺ֮⣬ͬһȥʮԶͬһƬڣƬĵ涼˲١
ҽУǸĲҽУҲһ类߷ɵĲҽС
δţƫͷƲԡ
ӭ񣬷ƲԵݺһĵŵŵɵĺˣܻԣʦܣ˲򵥣ˣԺܻʦֶԸܻʦִɾһܹΪǶֻعõϿĳͷ
ܻɫôÿҲ֪ڣƺûа취
ţһὫһиҴ磬Ҫÿ
˫ֱϣһҲϣڷƲԵĲ£Ժ뿪
ߣ
쵭Įֻһǳǰ˵¡
㡭㻹ôѾ׼뿪ˣ
Ʋ־־塣
ô뿪

˵ţһץƲԣһʱ佫ԷֱֹǸ顣
ƲԲҽУ㡭
ıǳƽָ죬Ⱥ󽫷ƲֱۡȺȵĹͷҲ飬漴һŽ֮߳Ժӣһ㣬䵽ͬһ
˵뿪뿪Լ߳ȥ
˵ܻȥ
ܻ˫ֺһȱϣֻһܶһ
һҪ
ܻɫв
Һú¡
ƽ
ܻоŭٲȻڳ㡭
ֱ̧֣ӽܻץֶΣһȵȹǡ

ܻвҽУһȹǱ飬ǿ⣬Ϊʹ࣬˵ˤڵϡ

̧һţܻͬ˰߳ԺӣˤȥʮԶ
ҽУסĴǸ
һʱ䣬طȴ챾ˡС̫⣬˽Ժݺһ
⣬⡭
ǸܻУݳʮݵˣһŵӣ۳ԪȻȫϵ֫㱻߷ɡ
áǿƣáÿ£
˿죬̲ס巢
һŵŵӣʵȻ㾪ˣοΨһһݳʮݵ߷ɣŵһŵ߷ɣȫϵ֫Ϊʵ̫ǿ̫ˡ
øղû֡
һЩ֮ǰûбһȥܻеϴŵ΢̲ס˿ҺıһȥܻУ񣬱ϵ֫߳Ժӵˣɾˡ


1535 ۾Ŵ
Ժ⣬ʿļµĿԺڵ죬˲ɵõ
ͨ˵ŵӣʵЩǿƣЩݡ
쿴ԺΧ۵һˣ˶٣ЦλҪҪ
⻰ԺʿǲԼͬļĴ˸
ˣ
һ֣ˣŸոս¿˵Ψһݳʮݵ˺ϴŵӷϵ֫ԺӣֿȥԺ˭ȥʱܻкˣʮԶĲҽء
ŵܻܱϵ֫ʮԶԽΪܻԶӦ֮ȥԺǲǸԼ޶˵鷳ôܻ֮ЩʲôһЩѣǿɿ޶ûطȥ
Ͼŵܻǿɼǿߣһ˸ǲ
ҿһֱԺ⣬Ϊ治
ã
ֻǡ·ѣ
ԶԶԣֻǡ·Ͼ뿪
һЩʿ
ԭΧԺܼʿգۼһɢһЩһŵҲ⡣
תۼѣЩʿ뿪ԺӺԶطת۱ðֻ࣬ʮ⣬ܻС桢ͷƲԵƺ߲ҽʱʱ
롣
Ǹλãֻӳһ⣬ֱӽܻ˺ɣһȥǧԶбڵһɷУƬĹľ
뿪Ժһʿ˶ǿһĻǼ˸
桭ݡ
ӡ
Ͻ
ģһʿ˲뿪˸Զܾÿ̫ʲô¡
תۼ䣬ѡµľ׵İΧһӰҲˡ
Ժ˶٣ɨܻе˺ɳȥķ򣬲ٴкС̫¥ߡ
¥ЩݻĹʯ޽ɣƿţռܴ󣬴Ű˰ٶƽװζǳδȣ챦ɡ
ֵطסſ϶ĸп˵Щ껹ûסʲôĵط棬Ƕɽ
Ͼûй̶򣬾ʲôģʵûʲôˡ

ĥûҪȥʲôʵľûôҪ˵Ϊ㲻Ϣ˯Ҳһ˿һӰ죬ԣ⣬ͲǵĿǷΧڣֻ˼Ѹٵıǿ
ۣү͸пһ¡
¥ڵķ䲻٣ҲҪ̫෿䣬ֱһӣаƽ
ӺرŰɫʯЩ󣬿ҲǺº͡
ӣ£мϥ£нɫ⸡֣ͬʱеĻӶ
ɶˣ
ʵ
С̫һߣգۿ졣
ǡҡͷԺܲЩɱʲôġ
ﲼЩ
档
طǵһ̶һЩķֶΣ޺
ڵһıѧԺڵڶ޼ţڵ𻯵ţԼľⲼøֶΣǳ
򣬽бɺѡôһͬһ㣬һʼͲøִб޻
еţүСһԱߡ

ͷ̫ľΪһ֮ת֯ĻԽԽǿ
ˣ
ⷽģ˫ֻнĻһƻһƵӿȥգС̫ɵһ
СӣʲôƣүôоܵĿͻȻúѹ֣ܲ
ۡ
ǰ벽ɼΪʵˣɴ˿̣ŻٵһƬƣǾһѹֵĸоʵЩԾ𺳣ӡƵĴǻˣ
ѽ
С̫Ĺ棬Ȼһĸо
컮˫֣ƻζͬʱһΪС̫ͣǧ󣬴ΧڣӾζжʶȸ涼ᱻѹȫᡣ
ô
һ
˼ȫѹһǿ̶ۣ󷨿ɲֹѹô򵥣ƺΪɡ
ͷƷҲϡ
ϣһôĽŪģǰôûҲûʹù
ҲǽŴһ
˵
ʣʮǾŸеһѰԾһôǿĴ󣿵ʴһʱǲǵΪµĻۣе󷨣ܻг񾳼ɣ̻ʩչɱѵһеǿɱ𣿡
֪ƿһʮųʥ䣬Ϊʮ򼫸ʢľŴеһǣʮĹżϼأ괴һʱƺΪǵȲεΪµĹžУȻпǳƷϾţǾɫ
һֱΪ쵱ӡʩչɱ󣬾һǿˡ
ûɣȷʵҴһѰɱҲȷһеǿɱһбǿкܶ࣬һҴ˿ӡǧһҽ벽ɺŷ֡⣬ڴҲ֪ˣʮЩżصݣвٶǲɿǶǾŴļأų϶׼ȷ
ң֮ǰҺɣΪҽ֣ƿصľŴĹž̫ľ̫žҩȣǶǼ򵥵𼶹ƷԶԶ˵󣬶һҲǲ⡣Щõĸɼҹ۲һ£ǾµĹȫû취ȡ
˵
ͷ֮ǰȷʵкŴĹžԶ£˵֮ǰʱү;úܹŹ֡˵ʮǾ˵ļش಻ףһү֪һǰٷ֮ΪʵǾǣǾ˴ЩžʱȷȷʵʵΡôˣǵʱεΪôܴ覵Զ𾳵Ĺž
ʿڴʱĹԺʹʱļΪԵȣ磬һʿ𾳽ʱһֹùܻ𼶣ҲпܻƷܻƷףǣһķƷ˴ߴʱļΪôķ;ԲҪպ󲻶ϵĥ죬漴ڼΪﵽ͹ƷԵʱʹ֮Ͼ
ʮľŴٲȻ𼶲ʹ覵̫žһԶԶƷ̫ϳܲ


1536 
Ļ΢΢üʵϣ⣬ҲȷʵЩŹ֡˵ԾŴ𾳲εΪǲܴ覵̫ľһȹžŶԣȻǾȴȷʵʱ˳
˶٣˵ȥЩ֪֮Ǿ˺ܲ򵥾Ͷˡ
˷ۣȷʵǲȥ룬Ҳ벻ס˵ţĵҲ֪Ǿ˵뿪ʮȥǾ˵Ѿﵽһǳֲĸ߶ȣߵﶼ˾ηĴڡ
ɡ
ͬ
˵ЩϵĶȴûͣ£˫ֻһƽ֯
Ծϣ漴ӣգƵԺܡ
ˣһۣһʱȥ
һʱȥͣ
̺ˣ
ʵ
ͷǿ̺һǡ
ʱⷽԺڣӡһǵǧ󣬿ѹɡ
һǣǿ
졣
бһۣǧ󣬿ѾǳԽƷףΪôܿӡܹǿ̺һǣѾǺܲˡ
΢㶣漴ͷҲ
ǿͨȣҪ֮ȫƿأͱ֮ԵȵΪУ򣬲ܷܽͨӵȫǲȻһ徳ʿõһ۾ͨǼֱӽǿ߶նɱˣȻܲʵ
΢٣ȡöΪٻָͻĵҩǴӶżá
öٵϢͻһɿٶȿʼֱָȥʱͻϻָ˰˳ɡ
΢΢˶ٺٴζ˫ǻнĻ
ˣ
һԾһɹɱ⣬ʹС̫ǲɵһһ̶ǸоһɷǳֲɱҪһС
ʲô󣿡
ۡ
һ߿ӡƣһߵ޼ɱҲһ̵Ĵ󡣡
һ󣬸취಻ʤȴǧ޼ɱ⣬Ѱַǳµ󷨣ܺšΪҲӡǼֺܿµ󷨣ӡǧ޼ɱѾǺǿˣֻǿӡһǡ
޼ɱ⡭оϣҲƷף
ʵ
Ӧǡ
ͷ
޷ȷɱľƷֻǿȥһԤ
ӡһһƵɱƸ̾Ʒɱ󰡡
ˣ
컮˫֣޼ɱƽ֯ΪģٳӣӡԺڵÿһ䡣
֮һһʱȥ
һʱʱǿӡһǵ޼ɱ󣬶ͣ
ˡ

һǵǧһǵ޼ɱԺڣȻ۷ǿ£ҲǴȫѹס
΢Σٴȡöָĵͻֱʱͻǻָ۷״̬
վֹǣž
ʲô
ʵʱȻǿѾԺڿӡִ
룬ȥȿ
ȣбɵһأбɵӣɽ鲼Ÿǿĵƣ֮ͨ޾ɵҽɵĵЩǿٱ֮࣬ʹð벽ɼʿǳٵĸɵԪ
б֮ǰǸ߸ڵ֪ȴ⣬бڻأֱǡϿ͡ս֡УϿڣۼޱŨڰ벽µʿԣ÷ǳŨһǳ˵ٶΪ
ս֣ΪһƬ嫹֣бΪͽٵһźɽ֮أб鲼ǿޣǿа벽ɼ𣬽Ƿǳ׿бɵĵӶɽɱʵʵսԼսսǳش
˵սƬбƽռӾۼһڣµŵӣϵ洫ӣǰСڣȻڵһЩǿϣҲǾս֣޼սĥ
졢С̫ڰ벽ɾ׶ϣǾȥбȽϺʣһǳٶԪ
Уš

ͷ£һ޳ȥܿ߳¥Ժڡ
ҲʱһŮԺһ£ǰˮˮԱߡ
㹻ǿưžͽǸ¸֫һŵӣ

ϵܻС桢ͷƲԵ£Ѿбڱķз˶֪ˣˮˮȻҲ⣬˵ºֱӱܵ
˵£ȴһû𾪣һЩ˷ܵģٲȻǾúȤ

쵭Цŵ
ˮˮۣ˶ٵһŵӣûʲôˣǸ£ʲôţ˵ܻУ˵иŵֳܻǸ鷳Щ£бɵĵӵ֪
֪ûʲôˡ

ûʲôˣ̬ȣˮˮĸк棺ŵܻɼΣƺɾɣܶԸɣģ
СˮˮСңΪȻɾֶλǺܶģҪ鷳趼ϲ
֣Űˮˮıӵ
ˮˮһĿ֣ߺ౻ıӣôţǾͲˡ˵ţŵ˵бдս֣ͦ࣬ǳʺڵӣǸŵƺɲвһȥս°ɣ˳żͷʲôģǿԵġ
죺
ˣȥսǼ٣ȥĿġ
ʱˣ׼ȥȿһ
˵
ˮˮͷһȥͷʬ֮Ϊģһĥսڵ޵ʲôģ˵ûֵܺܳĿǿ
죺
ʵǰܸˡ
ɣȥȡ
Ц
Уȥˣٹ㣬ǵ
ˮˮЩˣһ̾ˡ
ݸ漴кС̫֮ǰǸ߸ڵļأѭһ̶ķ򣬳ȵλöȥ
бڣĵӲ٣ܿ˿죬˶ǲɵöݣָָ㣬Ϊϵ˵һܻ֫Լϵһŵ֫£Ѿڴĺܷڣ˶֪ˡ
սž£µӣͬʦֲ֣˲еʦǺЩϵǣͬʱһ
һ


1537 
һ꣬ǺܲһĮĿ졣
ǣţ
ŵھţ˵Ѿ۳ߵԪŵӣǿ˺ܶ࣡
ʿź꣬¶ɫкһ¼бɵĵӣҲһŵӣ֪ϾŵǰʮĴڣϴŵӲ֪ܲ¼ŵһŵӣڸӼܿǰȻڵһʱ䶼̽Ѱ֪
ɨţûԷкС̫ȶȥ
˵һԲϾͶʦܴڣ㣬ͷʲôΪʲôҶ֣Ϊ֪Զ漸ǿԲң
ŵ
ŵĻʮſ񣬻˵ȫƣʹʿ΢΢ݡ
ֹסŲͷţҲΪܻǿͷʸܻ
⻰һܲʿǲɵöݣǲɵƫͷš
ΡĻһʿ˿Ҳ⣬ܻʦæΪʦˣķЩʱ䣬ʱûմ㣬Ϊʱĺܻʵˡ
ԸңѹȻ͵ʲôܻǰ
ƽ
ոͨ˽ţǾϱµû˿أ㲻˳۶ѡŵȻѹ㽻͵ܻʦǰҲǸ⡣
žΪͽֺܻԸңƫҪҽ˵ʲôҲ˳ۣα
Ц
źĳô˵ˣֻǣҸӵĿ˳ˡ
˵ţ죬һȥ
ɣҲǿܲ˳ۡ

ôʦܣײͬʦ֣ȻҲ˳ֱۣӹҶҲͺˣǺܷԸվԭأʲô
ŵ߹ȥԴǺţӺƵζ
ȥ㶯֣ۣ˼ǣֱӹȥ㣿
Ų䣬ĮݣԣңֻҪǸ
ۣ¶һĨЦ
һ̣৵һӰֱʧԭأתۼǰ
Ŵݵɫ΢䣬Ϊչֳٶĺһ
Ҳʱȭֱһȭ
ܣֻ̧˫֣ǰҼһĻǰ
ˣ
һȭͷŵĻŵ˫ֱ֮ϡ
һйͷ
ƺߣֱӱһȦҷڵأ˫ֵֹȫ
⡭
Ǹţŵھţ۳ߵԪİ벽ɰȴȻ
ôܣ
طһڵӳԾڰ벽ɲڣÿ۳һԪսĲ඼ǳ޴۳ߵԪɱ۳Ԫŵǿ̫ˣͬնǿǳɾˣôǿţȴһȭͱ䷭ڵأ˶ǲɵһ
ŷڵأ־ŭһȭֱһ°㣬˫ֱ۵Ĺͷ˲䱻飬һɾҵʹֱҪʧȥ˰㡣
ŭǿ𶯣˲޸ֱ۹ǣΪղһȭ첢ûʩ֮ԣ䱻ֱۣǳ׵ľ޸
ܷͨҪվ
ȴ˿ҲᣬֱӾһ£ֲ֮ȷڵء
飡
űһŲ£رٴνӴһ죬涼˲٣һѷ측֣ͬ֩һ㳯ӡ

кС̫
ˣ
৵ľ˹ȥžһš
һţȻûɱ֣ȴʮͷʹŷһҽУֱſڿȳһѪ
Сһϣ
С̫
С̫ĽСצֱӸһûһצӽĳ⽴ϲһѺۣѪˮͣӶ
Сһ㣬ˣһЩ鷳

бŷǳȷһŹ棬Ǳǣͬżֲʲôֹ໥߱ɱϴ
ȻŹʵϴںܶ٣磬һŵӻ洫ɱһͨŵӣбɵĸ߲ǣǾͲ⣬Ϊ໥ĵλʵ̫޴бɵĸ߲ǣܻΪһͨŵӵȥΪһǿŵӻ洫ӡ
Ǹбɣֻͨŵӣ׶ɱͬţǿɾˣһٺϿĴûҪȥ鷳
ѽ
С̫ĵͷǻӳһצӣһ˺ܶûţȴȫӿ˶ԷѪУʹ̲סһҽС
ȻһȻԶԶû֮ǰɵ˺󣬵ȴ˸ҵʹС
ĵͷһţûƣ
ҲڳţһһŲ£ÿһŵǡôڲ˼ԷͬʱÿһζöԷо׶Ĵ̹ǵʹ
һʱ䣬ϴ
⣬⡭
ţڱΧŹ
ǡ
ܣбɵһʿһĻɴۡ
ŵھţ۳ߵԪİ벽ɣʱ򣬾ȻһΧſŹϵѪ
棬ʵЩ
飡
飡
飡
һ첻ϴ졢С̫Χţַǳзִ磬˶ԷֻöԷоľʹ

ŭ𣬿񱩵𶯣ҪеϢƵ
죬ҽоˣ֡
ֱӾһţȸղųŵȴ˼֣űǿܸ飬ԷѹڵرϣĶԷֱӴһҽС
С̫Ҳǲϳ֣ǴһʹŲϷҽС
ǡ
ž־ŭʱЩˡ
ԭȷʵΪҪʸܻҪѵ죬ѹȥܻû˶ܻõһЩ鵤ҩһ۳ڰ˵Ԫɸһˣ鷳֪׻ˣȴҲ⣬Ϊ˿ûȣʵǿܶܶࡣ
ãʵѹƵ죬ЩѣҲһѹƵѹˡǣ񣬽ȻսеĿ̫ˣ۳ߵԪʵȻȫⲻ죬סȭ
ңһС̫Ҳŭʵޱȿ¡
ס
ŭ˻𣬶Ǳ˲ҽС


1538 ֱ
ŲҺ̶ڿС
㷸ˣᣡᣡ
Ų飬˼ŵֻöԷϸо׶ĵʹ
ΪүģΪԼŵھ˲趼ϲ
һһ߲š
ѽ
СһǿɰСצһδλӳȥƮƮģȴǴľˣÿһζŴҵİ̶
һĻطһбɵӸۣ̲ס¡
⣬⡭
ǿţŵھŵˣ۳ߵԪİ벽ɣȻһΧſŹû˿Ļ
飡
飡
飡
һ졢С̫ϳ֣ѹڵϴ
Ųҽŭܿ񱩣𶯳֮죬Ҫǿѳȥ
ȻȴǸã֮ͬǰһ㣬һŲ£ǿߵǿֱӷһ⣬ϣʹŵǷҺС
Ʊذᡣ
˵
˵ţһ£ֱϣڵݡ
С̫Ҳǲϳ֣ɾкš
һʱ䣬汻鲻٣ٵ̳ͬɱĲҺϴ
ˣֱȥһ֮ŵĲҺʧ˹ȥ
ͻˣ治ᡣ

ʱŻѪͷȫˣնģ
ģܣʿ̲ס˿Һ
һţ֣ͣ
˶٣ܵһΧ۵бɵӣλղſǶԼģȻҪЩ֣Һ飬
ܣˣ
һЦԭض˶٣̲ס˻Եһţ漴кС̫뿪бɵȶȥܿ߳ȥǧԶ
طһбɵӿڵϵģţֿԶȥӰ˶ǲɵһ
ģ̫̫˰ɣŵھŵţȻô׾ͱˡ
Ը񡭡̫ǿˣ
ˣ
˲ɵ˿Һ

졢С̫뿪ղŵǴطʱѾгȥԶ漴ֹȥŰӵʱһ̶򣬺ܿбɵȡ
ȣһȡ֣ʵȴɽʲôģһƽ̹ʯңÿһʯҵʯ϶ӡܼĵơ
ЩʯңÿһӦöһҡ

Ȼ
ͷ
бɵִأɼǿߣǰչʾԼĵơ
ȵִɨԵС̫սޣֻɹһңһᣬÿʱΪʮ˸ʱ
ס

ڣһЩʿߣսսޣС̫ȻǱսˡȵ˵ֻҪбɵӶǰȴеӽƵϾбɵĵʵ̫ˣ˵Ҳа򣬶еȴԶûô࣬ÿ˶ƵҾȻԶԶĲá
ãȥɡ
ڵִ˵
΢΢ͷС̫ڡ
ڣʯܼȴһûʲô̫޴Ĳ
ѡңԵƿʯţС̫С
ʼһУС̫Ƕݡ
ԭڽǰǶʯźĿռ䲢Ӧֻһ̨ʲôģȻƿʯŲңǰһĻȴľȻһǳĴռ䣬˵ж󣬷ǿ߾
ռڣǰһ޴Ĺľ֦Ҷï⽻֯طرǱ鲼ɲݹŻŷǳŨĵâܡ
ǡΪţһҾôһ޴Ŀռ䡣Գһ΢͵磬Ǵֱʣ

ҲǳԾȾɫܿɢȥ
ߣȥľ
˵ԵƽҵʯűպϣкС̫ǰȥ
ܿ죬Ƭռڵ޴ľ֮£طɵϢŨľˣǿٱ֮࣬С̫ֻڵɵԪΪ֮һ£һë׶ɵ˿̹ͨ
ɵĲǣүоÿȥҲܲĵʺүɵζ

С̫ĳٲȻǱźһ˼
ҲĸоδֻվǾܲɵĴڣҷǳ
òڵŵĲһأµӶԣƺôˡ
һʱޣҪ˷ˣϿʼ
˵ţԼıԴ磬һȡ
ɣΪãһ곬ǿˣΪԼߵٶȡ
ʱ곬ȡⷽռڱǿٱɵϣС̫ɵԪٶȣһء
ʼɡ
˵ƬռڵĹԱߣϥ¡
ʼʼʼ
С̫һ𣬸һ޴֦ϣֱתԵĹž̵ĳٽƬռڱŨٱ֮ɵϣԸԵɵܿŨâ
ת̫ľľܿ۷״̬Ҳʼȡǿⷽռڵľɵϣɵ
ˣ
⣬âƶ˿˿Ƶ⽻֯һڴˡ
Գ֮ʶƶѰؼɵԴӿڣʼ
۳ɵԪ˾ŷ֮ɵĸ򣬻оŷ֮ûг򣬵ߵԪ൱ǳƿصɵӶһٿ뵽ɼΣ߱Ϣɵ
ԱԴɵ֮УĬĬĸĵâıǿ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ԸԼɵƵĵâҲһȽϿٶȱǿ󣬱ŨʹطĹâơ
ˣʱһΣתۼʮ˸ʱȥ
ʱ졢С̫ͬʱͣ
ʮ˸ʱȥϳƬռڵٱɵϣǶԸɵһ۳ԪѾԶͬʱʮ˸ʱһڵʱѾˣҪ뿪Ƭռ䡣


1539 鷳
ʮ˸ʱ졢С̫һ޵ľ͵ȣǿ˲٣ʱһڵʱѵ뿪ˡ
߰ɡ
С̫
˵ţԼıԴ磬֮ǰȡ곬С
Ϣ˼֡

ÿʹһΣϼ֣Ͼ޷ġ

պóкС̫ԵƴƬռ䣬Ƭռ˳ȥ߳ȣԼȥ
бУбӺܶ࣬Ǻܿ챻˸
ˣ
սţǾͷϵŵп˵һ֫ŵ֫ȻŵھŵĻʣ
ɲǣ
˼죬ںԶĵطָָ㣬󲿷жǴžɫ
ΪǿЩ˶ۣȴ˿Ҳ⣬²һ仯ҲûŹ̶ķ򣬳Լľȥ
С̫ҲĵЩһҲǲ⡣
˵ҪҪȥսתһת
ʵ
ҡͷʱǲȥˣţиѾھǺܾˡ
΢΢һ㶣漴ǲµᵽġˡ˭ٲȻǰˮˮ
Ҳǡ
Ц
ҲһЦܿԼС̫ԶԶľͿһŮվԺʱʱľ²ӳԺԶڵʲôƵġ
ɲǰˮˮô
ʱˮˮҲǿˣȵһԺڣԹôȥôʱ䣬ҶȺܾˡ
˦һۣΪȥȹ۹ģȥһ¾ͻȥǵطȻúķһЩʱ䡣
ҲǡˮˮͷȻգգۣоս޵ȣҴһͷС޻
˵ţᵯʳָϵƽָ⻪һһͷʨֶѾû˿Ϣʮɸߡ
죺
˵Сޣ
бӰˮˮ
Űˮˮͷҽȥ䣬һȺ̵ңѡСһͷϻ˵ţһ֣ѵĳʯֶʯУĻ棬̽޵Ⱥá
죺
ʵǰܸˣѾʱ򣬾Ȼʵʵ˵⣬ɻ̽޵ȡ
С̫ҲǶðˮˮ˼۾ģһˮˮصʨʬĿ졣
죺

˵
СһҲǸȻҲԿˡ
⴦ԺռطΧܴ쵱֣԰ˮˮȡʯ棬ʨʬ֧ܣõʨʬŵϡ
ʯĻ棬¶ȺңʨѪϣܿͷ̵죬нɫ͵£ʯ֮ϣ漴
֣һЩϸָ֣ʨϣת۾Ũ㴫
ʲôЩζ
ˮˮʵ
ֶҲԹĿȴ쳣㡣
Ƶϡ
ڵ
ʵϣЩϲЩΰͷĩĩȶܳʿȴǷǳİҲǵżϾʱΪС̫ŪʱһЩɽɵЩΰͿȶЩϣ󱣴
ϣˮˮ۾ȴǺȻ֪ʲô˼оӣ
ǾЦ
վסˡ
ʱܿǹȥӣʨѪⱻ׿죬ζ֮ǰŨˡ
ˣԼȡ

С̫ͰˮˮͶת۰ι⡣
һչʨʳֽɫɿڣֺܴۣС̫ͰˮˮܿǴһޱҸģ
ҲȡһЩƽ򵥵ʳ

бɣһڣӰһΪ׵һӣԵúܵĮǷǳǿᣬкŨϢɵ֯ϡ
ԸһˣܻС
磬һҪ
ܻжӵ
ӣȻбֳŵܻɼΡϵ֫ѾˣֳɵΪ֮޸
ܻûж˵ʲôĮܻУŵӾȥ
ǡŵܻУοʵһǸܻС
ǡŵӵľȥ
бڣʿܻܻˣΪ֮ݣĿ¶ܻϣ˶ܼɵϾŵŵӣΪɼǿߡ
ŵӾǣѵȥ
Զ׼ˣǸˣţǰܻ˵ǰأܻȻܷŹԷȻȥ˵ġ
죬ιƲˣܡ
ʿСۡ
ſ˵ˣϱԣ֣һЩʿȻܿʹ̽ˣⲢʲô¡ʱܻܻǰžܻһ˾Լֳȥ챨
ܻΪɼŵӣֻһŵӣǸŵŵӣˣܻɱ죬Ź棬бɵĴҲ˵ʲôΪһŵŵӶȥΪһɼŵӡ
ʿãһΣ쵱ڽˣϾܻĺǿ
ߣȥ
һڵбɵӶǸȥ

ŵӾڵľԺڣʨĿζƮڿС
ûãһͷʨԺȫ
ȻУ󲿷ֶǽ˰ˮˮС̫С
ܳԡ
ۡ
ѽ
С̫Ľһ۾ģЩӡ
Ƿۣҿɲڿǡ
Ҫÿ춼ܳⶫǾ̫Ҹˡ
ˮˮ
ˡ۶ζĶԵĶˣ㿷һ㣬ÿ춼ⶫһͲио뷨ڣ󲿷ֻúѡ
ˮˮ룺źе
ԭվԺʰ£԰ˮˮˣҲԹˣľȥɣɫҪ
˵ţɫ΢ƫͷԺһȥǸϵԶнŲԽԽڳطңо˺ɱ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮС̫ҲоˣƫͷǸȥ
Ǹ򣬽ŲԽԽҺܶࡣ
úһȺʿӰ޵ҰУǰ
һ۱ͿеܻУĿܻԵϣȻܲµܻеֳɼŵӣܻ
Сӣ鷳ˡ
˫ۡ


1540 ȭŵ
쿴ܻУܻԱߵܻƽ
ιˣɼܶԸ
ˮˮ졣
ûʲôˡ

ðɡ
ˮˮ˵ʲô
ܻкܻط󻹸ŴȺӰȫбɵŵӣ֪ܻܻҪʲôǸ󣬵ſ֡
ܿ죬ܻܻԺ⣬ֱӿԺС
磬һҪָܻܻ켸ЦǼţҴˣȫҪ꣡
𣬺ÿ£ŵˡƽ˶ٵ˵桢ͷƲԾȻûһ֣
ܻƻָܻԸ桢ͷƲȴûͦ棬˵ӦûǳܻԸŶԡ
˭֪ĸš
ܻе
ţ΢΢ۣɨֿܻܻУֳκˣûйˣ
ܻߣʲôæûϣָҴҲˣ
ιҪҪˣȻĻʲôöô˵ҲΪͷܵˣ㲻ֳҲˣȻʱ輰ǣ
ˮˮܻܿе
ܻУЦỵ̂νģĹεĶ
˵ʲôأ̧־͸һƣôǺ͹𣿡
췭˸İۣҲǣôȷʵЩԲǺ͹ĪĸǺ͹ǹ˸衣
ԺΧ˲ˣΪֶʱĶԻǲɵõۡ
ܻпǴֳܻˣһɼŵӶȴȻɼܻ棬٩ͷܻܵУ仰ٲȻ˵ܻǺ͹ԶԶȲϡ
ܻȻöеʶɫ࣬ǷŭǶָܻɱǣ磬ɱǣҪɱǣѹ˽ңҪݺĥǣ
Ǹǹ߳ŭСӣǶˡ

ġ
ҡͷ
С̫ĸĻġ
ֱܻ£ѾĴ˹Ĵбɵŵӣɼǿߣ졢С̫Ȼķ
ҵźݺĥǣ
Ŀ˵
ͷЦŵҵţССôĥǡ
ʱôܻУộɲᡰ顱¡
ˡ
ʱһĮܻڣĿ졣
쿴ܻȻ֪ʲôģ֮ǰһ䣬ܵԵ֫ȫǾȡȰ㻹ʵʵ뿪ȥҪֲʲôá
⻰طǰΧ۵ԺһʿǶݣۡ
ˣ֪֪ԼԵ˭ǿŵܻɼǿߣһŵŵӣҲͰ벽ɼȴȻܻ˵
ǰֱǡ
⡣
ʿСۡ
ָܻ캮ҴǰҲſʲô
첻мɨܻһۣǰͬһ㱻߳ˣܹϴٷһΣ
㡭
ܻеɫʱǱһƬֱ࣬Ǻ޼죬棬طһʿ棬һһεķ
ܻ죬ĿʼĮֱӶˣֳ̧ѹȥ
ûһ˿һȫǴȴǷǳˣĵһĶԺĲʿļ¡
ɼǿߣֻͽѹ£Ȼơ
˵
ԺڣܻмŴ綯֣һӱøɭĿ졣
㻹ſ񣡡
дޱȶɫٲȻѾڵźݺݵĥˡ
ҲʱܻĴѹ䵽ǰճȥ
ȻҪ졣
Ȼǿ˶ԷͼȻһЦֱ̧֣һȭ
һȭֱӼʮɵ
ʱ˵һȭͷӳ
ȭͷܻѹĴ֣ȵײһ
飡
һҵ촫һ̣ܻͬһֱӱĺɶȥԶһĿѪƮڿС
磡
ܻɫͱ䡣
Ĵ磬ǿߣȻһȭ˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ժ⣬һҲʧɫ
ܻһȭˡ
һˣȫˡ
ܻĮ鶯֣ҪΪܻб𣬿ǣȴȻʼһ־ͱһȭҷ˳ȥһĻ˶ʼδ
ܻǿɼǿ߰⣬ˡôһȭͽ֮ҷɣ
ǣܺǿ߿⣿
ôܣ
죬˶𺳡
ˮˮųˡOΣҲΪһĻ
㲻ɣ벽ɲζѣȻôǿ᣿
Բ졣
֪Ǵڰ벽ɾΣʱһȭɼܻʵǳԾĲС
벽ɼΪȴȻǿᣬһȭһǿʿ
Цҡҡͷ
ǣ壬ܴﵽȳ̶ȣˮˮӳԾ˶٣ʵ֮ԲܻΪǿ˵ţÿüͷǣǿ޷ɶѾƿɵһ㲻µʿԵֵˡ
õġ

ˮˮƫͷԴ죬ʵںܺ棬벻Ϊʲôš
䣡
𶯣Զ
ԶܻվлһĨâ죬һȭɾɣЩ˼顣
һ̣ǱɭŵӵɼΪ񾹱һŵİ벽ɼŵӺɣǵ׵ܵܺطһʿɣԣһڳ衣
һԶԺڣ죬̹ǡ
ǣ
ĵ
Ż䣬һܸӿһƬƬɾдɼϢֱӳȥҽС̫ԼˮˮһУȻͬ仰һ㣬Ҫ졢ˮˮС̫ȫնɱ
ⲻ֮ͬǰһ֮һͨ֯ŷǳɱâ
ͨɼǿߣһŵӣֱͨ
⡭ɼǿ߼֮ͨ£˿Եֵס
ˣˡ
ʿΪܻնܼâ죬ҡͷ
֮ǰһĻȥǳǿ󣬿Ժɼǿȣǣǿ߼ͨĿȵǣȴû̫ô


1541 ǧ
ĵâϯգҪһУÿһâǼ˵Ϣ
ˡ
Ժ⣬˿죬ҡͷ
ɣ
ܻٴʱѾҪԼĴѹ󽻸ȥĥˣֻ˸Ͻʧǰ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
â죬̶ǳ
ֻת۶ѣЩâͷϿգҽС̫Ͱˮˮһ֣ն¡
ߣ
Цһ̼֯ŴƬԺֶܸ
ãҺܷ£ʼһֱʹԺܵĿռѹһѹĲƵʹܻնܼâ̼Ϊ֮ƣתٱ
ֱ̧֣ĳһƣ֮еâȫ顣
ǣ
д󣿣
ܻնɼͨ⣬ȻȻһƾͱˣ⡭
Ժ⣬˽Ƕݡ
ԺڣˮˮҲǶݣֶܸܼƣ¶ɫ
Щơ
ţЩƸ֣˲оܻնЩâһǳ˵ٶȱֱӵɼķ룬һ顣
ƾһĻԸоĵЩƷǳˣǿĲһǰ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬Ժڣܻһɫ΢䡣
ԺڵЩƸ֣նĵⱻʱԸоľҲĳεѹˣӾЩЩЩ͸жࡣ
ʲôƣµģ
죬ǳı
һ̣оԼΪƺѹƵ˰벽ɲΣѪ˺ܶࡣ
쿴ܻȻһЦһֱӶˣһӰ˲ǳܻǰ
ܻǱɫչֳٶ㡭
ˣ
ûκζĻֱ̧֣һȭҳ
һȭ졢׼ݣܻϣһܻҷڵء
磡
ܻиոΪһܻնɵâ𾪣ʱԼĴ类һȭ䷭ڵأɫ䡣
ܻ䷭ڵأӱɼܣ˲ӵվͬǻһȼʵˣ
ˣ
Ժܣ˸һεѹ䣬ʹܻһͬȼŵ·˰ˮһ㣬̼ɢĹâһӰ֯ƣȻҲ౶
Ҳʱȭͷһεˣٴܻϡ
飡
һ죬ܻٴα䷭ڵء
ܻŭ㡭
飡
̧Ⱦһţֱܻؿڣйͷ
˿ӡԺڵǧ󣬽ܻĸʵ룬Ҳֻ۳˵Ԫİ벽ɼˮ׼Ͼܻ۷ʵֻǴɳڶѡ
һ
֮ͬǰԸŵһ㣬кС̫
ವСֱ̫ӱ˹ȥֱº֡
漴ˮˮҲ৵˹ȥ̧޳ȣܻһţղܻնܼĵâǽҲУȻܲ졣
һʱ䣬ϵΧܻɾк
磡
ܻɫ䣬һĻԶŶ
ͬһʱ䣬Ժһʿ󾪡
⣬⡭
ܻڱΧŹ
ǿŵӣɼ
˶𺧡
飡
飡
飡
һԺصǧѹܻʵʹֻ֮а벽ɼˮ׼밲ˮˮС̫ΧŶԷᡣ
ģ
ܻŭ
ŵӣɼǿߣŵŵӺͷΧѹڵΧſᣬֱ̫ˣо˾޴衣
䣡
⣬𶯣ɵӿһɷ籩ϯޡ
Цƿǧ˲佫ܻɵ룬һƾ͸ĵķ飬һ£ܻڵĹͷֲ鲻١
ԱߣС̫ͰˮˮȻûͣ¶ϵкܻ
ŵ˲ʿ˲ʲô
ѽ
ʲôҲûȻҲҹ߲㣡
쿪˿ӡطһǧ󣬵ȴԼƿأʱֻѹƺܻԺһӰҲûС
飡
飡
飡
ƺֺ߳ݺݳ֣Źܻ
ܻŭŵӣɼǿߣ˿ȴ㱻ΧŹǻһȺڿŰõжඪ
ҹ
ŭٴηһɽͻأ䱬һ㡣
ȴ˿Ҳûã콫طһǧ߶ĸǿᣬתۼһνܻǿܸѹȥ롣
飡
һŲ£ܻϺ󷢳һ죬涼Ѳ١
ҲǲϿȣ顣
Ƥ񣬽Ŷүˡ
죬ȴûͣ£ݺݵܻߡ
ȻǧܻԷǿȴ޷ܻɼǣȻȫҲȻܻȻȲܻܻȥʹУȴʵʵġ
ᣬݺݵᣡ

С̫ԣĽСצӺһ磬ܻԴϺ󣬲㽫ܻԴֱӸĵķѡ
СһС

С̫һ˫۾һõ˱ĸģһצ¡
һצӱȸղŸˣܻԴѿˣѪˮ
ӳԾ¶죬ˮˮҲǲɵõɴۡ
ʱСһûжܻǿɼ𣬵Сһһצ£ȴǽܻԴѿˣЩˡ
Щ°ҪȵСӵˣ
ۡ
Сһ

С̫ӸˣСצʱǶ˼
¿ɿܻˣǿСצ£㱻ֱӿѪ̲סҽУСһǿצ£궼ܵ𵴡
Ϳɣݺᣡ

˵ţһ¡
ܻҪɱǣط飬ɱɱȴбɣôΪܻŵӣŵɱһŵӣʲôӰ죬һŵɱܻôһŵӣǾ鷳ˣбɵһڸ߲㳤ǣԲܻŹ
ȻǳƽЩˬȴҲûа취¡ң²бˣţҲô


1542 ŵ
ϴͲϵĹƽһ㣬ǳԣʱ򾡹ܲնɱܻȴҲô̫⡣ȻɱܻԺݺݵĥһܻöԷֲһô
ЩԼ˼ܻʱ鲼ѺۣѪˮ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ͰˮˮҲϳ֡
ˮˮһߺݺݵĿܻһ߲סվ⵽ܻĹɱ˿̷ǳĲ⡣
飡
飡
飡
첻ϣΧŹܻԺӵĵرˣɳ׷
ܻŭ𣬽߾ȫҪѳȥȴǧطǿûб⣬棬Ӿжȸʵѹƣסޡ

ܿ죬ܻ̲סҽУ޵ΧŹ£вѪ
⣬⡭
Ժ⣬һʿȫˡ
ŵӣɼǿߣڶΪԼܱҪȫնŹ涼ֱӣȴҵ³޵ɳһݺʹᡣ
󣬴硭
ܻվһߣԼֳΧŹɵһķ
ԺصҰܻĲҽУֱֹȥӵʱ䣬ܻĲҽʧΧŹĳ׻˹ȥ
濹ᡣ

Ͼɼ𣬾ԴʵǺȴǲ䡣

û¹߲㣡
ˮˮ˵Ǻݺݵĸ˻ʹȥܻš
죺
ԹС
󣬴硭Ժһܻɪɪô󣬲ԸһĻʵԼֳɼΪбɵŵӣȻŵŵӸΧŹĻ˹ȥ
ԼֳǰŹȴȻֻһ߿ŷҲй˵ġ̣ƺʲô˵֮ǰΪͷûʲôãֱӲǣǷΪͷҲûʲôã֮ǲҲҪǰǸ
ܻһɫʱ࣬־ŭôܳҴǷ
˽Ҷԣ£ʲôܣ

ָܻ죬ķ㣬㡭
첻мܻȥ
ܻеһ̲סŵŵɵĺˣ¶֣㡭Ҫʲô
˵أݺȱ裿

ܻһ㣡
ö˵ʲôֱ̧֣һѽ֮ץ
дץܻеֱֱۣŤֹǡ

ܻеҽ
һͬǰǰ㣬֮Էֱ۹ǣԶԷԼ޷޸ңֱ֮⣬ʹ֮ʹѵ
ŰһβȻڶΣǾٳһͬĿͷˡ

˵ţ磬ܻеֱۡȺڵĹͷ

ܻзĲҽС

һŽ֫ϵܻ߳Զŵһɷڡ
СӣȻС˵ֺݺʹ£ȵܻ󣬻ܺܿκ

Ҳû취£ǲŸţֻŵӶѣɱͷϵΪ鷳ܴ󡣡

ǲˬ

Ҳûʲôˬģûһ˵ţֵңһһΣע˸ڣ֮󣬾ǿɵҪκˣҲҪµʱ䡣
˵ţߵʹȥܻǰ֯ڽ£һŲȶֱܻ۹ǣ֮ӿԷڣʹܻ˹
㡭
ܻɭŭǲŸո³һ㡱֣ǲҽΪĵڶֱӲȥֱ֮۹Ҳ顣
漴ٴγţܻҲϵʹܻҽ

һŽܻܻͬǰ߷ԶˤͬһɷС
ܻͬǰ㣬ܻܻ֮֫µļܻ֮֮ȻΪʿɵ򣬵ҪΪ޸ƣҲҪµʱ䡣
һӣԺӰࡣ
⣬⣬⡭
Ժ⣬ֵһʿԺڵ죬̲סɪɪķ
ʱ˶ΪҪˣΪ鷳ŵܻɼǿߣȴûдﵽɼҲܵסܻ
ȻĽȴһʼԤȫ෴ƽ£ܻȴ˴ѣΧŹʣͬԴܻǰϵֱ֫һ߳Ժӣ䵽һɷУǱҡ
վԺƫͷԺһΧߣֿˣλûʲô¾ɢɣԺ˲٣ûʱǲ뿴ԺӰɣ
ӭĿɨĻһʿǲһ
ߣϾߣ
˵
漴һ̣һʿһѷĿߣ˵˶ĲʵǱطһĻĻĲᣬɼŵܻϵ֫߷Զǿɾ;Եùˡ
£ֻƬ̼ѣΧֵһбɵȫɢȥ
طð
ˮˮԱߣĵžͷϵ˵һܻе֫ϵŵӣŵھŵţǽɼŵܻ֫߷ɣӣҪ׳Ϊбɵˡ
ܻҲзݣſɲġ
б
ˮˮЦĵҾһģС̫Ҳģġᱻ˸עˣǡ
Ů⻰ǲͬ漴;ðˮˮĻиطԾСѾͷƬӣ˵˭أүֵ绪ˣ
ţֵ绪㡣
ˮˮ
@#
ˮˮ죬˵ղŵƣ̵ģû뵽Ȼôǿ߶ȵѹơ
Ҳһʼ˵㲻ʲôܻ鷳趼ϲ

ˮˮĴָ˵ţ˿ѾҪ谵ɫʱˣȻȥˣ档
ͷС
ˮˮ졢ԼС̫˻֣ܿ뿪ط
Űˮˮ뿪ĿԺղΧŹܻԺӵĵƻ˲٣öһ£ϾС̫סԼסĵطһõģȻǲá


1543 Ԫ
ԺƵҲֻ̫ǺķǾͽ֮޸ϡ
Ͼǰ벽ɼʿҪ޸ĵ棬Ǻܼ򵥵ġ
ΪЩˡ

ǿеʱѾǾͷ˿ɵУȴ䵽ײ㣬ȻܻĶԷܲңȴǺȫǰӡõǧ󣬷򣬿ʵǶ֡
ץʱЩΪȥС

ԭض˶٣кС̫һ𣬵бɵϿȥ
ϿΪбɵһأǳŨҪڰ벽µĵȥıأǣ벽Ҳǰ
һ˸ոüղſٴǰʱȥǳŨϿС
ȻǶԣûô󣬵ЧͨطȴȻҪǿ١
뿪СԺӣԼС̫ܿбɵϿڡ
Ͽ࣬ҲһһʯңÿһʯڵŨޱȣԶԶǿһطǿʼ
һʱ䣬ֲһ⣬֯Ի
С̫Ͽеʱŵܻϵ֫߷ɵ£ת۱Ǵбɣбһ˴󾪡
һŵŵӣȻɼŵܻϵ֫߷ɶԶ
̫˰ɣǸŵŵӣΪɼ
ǣǰ벽ɡ
벽ɣ벽ɵΪܷϵǿߵ֫ⲻܰɣ
ôܣʵˣ˵ǸŵھӡһڷǳµĴֱѹܻʹɼܻȫûз
⡭
ţͷһɼŵӵ֫߷Զ˰
бڣһʿ𺳡
ʵ֮ǰǺ˸ŵĵһ죬ǽŵп˵һ˸֫߷ɣܻУҲŵܻܣҽΪܻгͷϴŵҲ֫߷ɣڶڴء
֮ǰŵھŵƣǺ˺ʹŵͷսֱΧŹĻʡ
ŵܻ֫߷´֮ǰϵܻС桢ͷƲԵ£ԼΧŹŵھŵʵ£һεıϵŵܻ֫һһʱ䣬ľ
ݰ˵ۣŸոռʱѣȻ͸ɳôŵ£ǡ

Ͽڣ졢С̫ĬĬϿŨ׳ɵ͵ȻٶȣȻԶ޷ȣͨطȴҲȻǿ౶
֮һʱȥһϿڵʱ޵ˡ
ߡ
кС̫뿪
ббأϿȶһʱޣΨսûƣʱȥá
ϴУѾգ񣬿ٴǰˣһٶ۳Ԫ
˵
ϿգǾ۳ԪѾޱƽٴνԿ϶ľɵϣ곬ֻҪʱʱ䣬ǱǾͶ۳Ԫս
ߣ
ߴ١
ͷ뿪Ͽֱȶȥ
Ͽһľ룬;ŲбɵĵһǶݣһЩǰҲȶȥ˼С̫ˢˢ·һɵʵǹĴЩļ£żգ͸ɳһӿŵ£һܲηɣ
Ѿ״бˡ
ĵ
һĻѿϵŵܻ֫ҽԷ߷ɵ£ѾǴбɣڵͨӶη
ȻҲµõһ㣬ȴû⡣
µĲ䣬С̫ܿ⣬ԼĵƵݸһִ¼һС̫ȣѰҲС
ҺǰѡңĿռȫһһͬСڣصɲ컨ĴһԾľľϵɵϷǳŨŨٱ
һֱӽԱԴСȡڲԾľԱߡ
ãʼ۳Ԫ۵ĵԪ
кС̫
ʼʼʼ
С̫תԵĹžƬռڵıŨٱɵϣԸɵԪ
Ҳǵһʱת̫ľĽɫâǽ֯
漴ͬС̫㣬ҲǽƬռڵٱɵϣԼɵɵԪ
ˣ
һʱ䣬⣬ɫ⽥ǿʢâҲ֮һŨ
ˣʱĺܿ죬תۼʱȥ
䣡
ʱһɰڵϾֱһ͵ľ硣
һ̣˫ۣâ˫Ŀһš
벽ɣԪ

طǿٱɵϣķʱʱ䣬۳Ԫ
֮Ѹ٣һطɵϹˣǳҲܴ󣬶һǣ֮ǰС̫Ͽգһ󣬶ɵĸǽһأѾǴ۳ԪٽϣԣڽȻڼ̵ʱԪ
΢΢Ӧ£ԼϢɵϢñ֮ǰԸŨ׳һЩս˲١ǿȷ棬ǲû̫ı仯ʵǣѾǴﵽΪԴﵽǿޣǲɼΣ֮Եǿ
䣡
䣡
ͻȻС̫ͬʱͻƣ۳Ԫ
ˬ
ĵ
С̫Ľ۾øˣɫâҲŨ
ȻǵϢɵϢҲ֮ǰʢ
ĵԪ壬ѸٽΪȥ

һ޼ʼطŨɵϣԵɵ
ˣһۣʮʱȥ
ʱһͬʱ۳Ԫʱϵĵøӵľ˺ǿѾ۵ĵԪ·߳˺Զ
ˡ
кС̫뿪
ʮ˸ʱʱѾȥһڵʱ䵽ˡ
ߡ

֣ĳԵƴҵʯ߳С̫뿪ȣֱӻصԼľ
ڻˣҶǺþˣǣ
ˮˮվԺһ޻ӭȥ


1544 Ŷ
ŰˮˮĻ΢Щ棬ʰˮˮʲô£
һԣС̫ҲǶˮˮ
ˮˮ̩ݣҲݣϵƽɽڷһ޴żΪ̩һǳǿĴУбϷֺ˵ܻŲٱҩֱʿΪнȱʿȥˡ
ŵҿƺһֱæΪҪҪȥ￴õһЩıҩֱһεΪ
ԣеǻһĨâ
Ǵڰ벽ɾ棬ֱܹӰԪıҩ
ʵ
С̫ȷʵæٽΪȥˮˮϢȻǺܸȤ
ԱߣС̫ҲŰˮˮ
ܰٷ֮ٵĿ϶ǻʺܴ󡣡
ˮˮ
룬УǾȥ
ˮˮô˵ˣֵȷЩΪȥȻȥ
Ҳȥ𣿡
ʰˮˮ
ˮˮȥȻҲȥ
ҲǡЦǾֱӶ
ߣϽģȥ̫ʲôöҲˡ
ߴ١
⵹ǲصġˮˮ˵Ǵַ񱻺ŨţźаϢҲҿᱻʴ˵ǵҪʱŻȫɢȥǸʱ򣬲ƬַСǴбɸҲʱͿɵԲżġ
Ǹã߰ɣϹȥ

һ죬ֱ뿪бɣŰˮˮᵽƬַȥ
Ǵַλ̩ݶƽɽڣбɵľЩԶնУٶȶȽϿ죬ķѴյʱ䣬ƽɽΧⷽɽЩˣӿпȥԿĵ߾
Ͻ£ͽɽȥѺۣɽߣر¶Ѻ۱Խ࣬󣬵ȥʮɽһ̮ڣ̮ķΧǴˣƽɽӣ̮Ĳֽռɽʮ֮ҡ
̮Ĳ֣ݶʮɣϽзǳŨƣֻҺɫ͸ȥԼԿһưܵңһЩ˵ĵ⣬ģģĿԿһЩǳϵĵƣȷʵһַ
⴦ַǱڵصףΪһЩԭƬɽĵ޴̮ʹ⴦ַ¶˳

ͷȥˡ
ʱطѾǻʿǴ㾳۷ΣŲɣȻ˵һַΪַڿܴŵ౦
첻ɵ̾ϢǿߵľˣôһȺˣǷŵǿȥԺɨǿգ˿ɵڣȴ㲻ʲô
ԹԵҡҡͷٴοǰصµַ⣬Һɫ⣬ŷǳŨаϢоȻǵǳΣա͸ɨַż⽻֯֡
ƺб
лâ
طȥżֵЩ⣬һֺܲĸо
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ȻǷһ㣬ַ֯⣬Ǹо˲Ϣ
Ů޵Ϣͦס

ǣ˭û׹
ˮˮЩ
쿴һԵģİˮˮЩЦٴοǰַ
ַ⣬ҺɫƣаϢŨһı䵭
ȥҾȫɢȥˡ

ͷͨɢƣܼܺ򵥵Ԥʱʧ
˵Щôģ
Щ档
ôģɢȥȥұҩˡ
ˮˮ
˸ۣҲȷʵȥ¡
վһߣĿַһҲŵȴӿŵûصףַ֮֩̽Ѱ
٣벻һˣȻܷȼˣܲ
ͻȻһд
ԶӳΪ׵һ꣬ʢڰ벽ɾ۳ĵԪĿֱڰˮˮϡ
ӣҲǴڰ벽ɾΪȽȴҲ۳Ԫһ£һ£Ǻǿ
طŲʿ˶ǿ˽꣬ݡ
ǡ룡
ƽ̵ӣҲ
ɣбɡ汦ɡɡұɡϼɡīɡ౦ɡٷ籦ɺ̩ɱɺϳΪ̩ǿʮɣһƽӣ̩ϵĴʿȻ֪ʱŶԷ΢΢ɫ
Ϊۣд֮⣬ܿһ˽ǰȫ˺Ͱˮˮһ죬Ŀ⾶ֱڰˮˮϣĴˮˮǹаЦ
ܲߣ֮󣬸ߡ
˵ţֱ̧֣ȥˮˮ֡
ˮˮۣԶ㣬ٸҶֶţֱ㣡
ڽеĻ֮⣬ǳ죬ʲôǺʱһ顣
죺
ͻȻúͣھǡ㡱
ϲ
ΪڽˣҲǳĿ˳ۡ
ܿĳۣЩԻŮӡ
ʱȴûҪֵ׼Ա߰ĿţΪһ͸о˳ˮˮʵǿһʿԲǰˮˮĶ֡
ܣһʿŰˮˮġ㡱֣ɵöһ
⣬
ǿǽ۰Ǹƽ̵ӣԷ˵
⡭
˳Ծֶҡͷ
֮Ľ֣¡
۵̩ʿ֪Ϊ˺ɫЩ̣Ů̫ˣеһЩŮɱЩ˼ŰˮˮȻԽ˵㡱ȻҡͷƺѾԤ˰ˮˮĽ֣۵ЩŮӣһıҡ
˫ۣԵЩգŰˮˮĿӳŰԣ˱٣԰ǾȥϰɣԿ½ô˱١˵ţٴ֣һγŰˮˮȥ
ˮˮлһĨ⣬ֱ̧ȣ֯һԣݺһ߳һ绮ڽ۵Ŀ¡
һ촫¿裬ͬɱĲҽУʺѪˮӶ֮˫ֶȾˡ
죺
һŹݰǡŶۡ


1545 ջ

ſ²ҽУʺѪˮȾ˫֡
٣
󣬺ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬⸽һʿҲǶɫ̲סһ
⣬Ȼ
Щʿ𺳣ˮˮԽɵƽӶ֣Ҷ׼һ߳ǸطٲȻˡ
һЩʿŽۿѪ죬ɵö£ļ£˫ȡ
ݰѾͷСӵķ񡣡
ۡ
ƽˮˮȻǺܽ὿ҲԶûʱͣһ
ɨ۽ۣһЦ
ˣ͸ˮˮ

۲ҽУڵϳ鴤ûվͷ亹ס
ɱˣһˣҲɱ
ſ£ź˻
ʱǸطˮˮһ飬ʹƣʹҪǣǸطʱȻ޷޸־ŭ
굱ɨˮˮˣ
˵ţеֱӱǿˮˮһŰˮˮճȥ
ͬһʱ䣬еļ́ѹˮˮԱߵ죬ΪǽˮˮͰˮˮһȫɱ
š
źԼ쵭һЦһץסԷ󣬺ݺһŤ
һֱֹӱȫ顣

굱ҽС
̧ȣһںؿڣֱ߷ɳȥǧɶԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮһ߷һ꣬ǼˣȫҶǼˣ
СˣС֣ǡҪ
ſ£ԼӱͰˮˮһһ߷ɣøӵľŭ
бӽۣڵһ𣬵һȦ⣬һڶԷϡ

ٴβҽУ𶯳ϣȫͷ
죺⡭

ٴζ˶ţһȦ⵴һڽϡ
һٴηҽȦɳȥǧԶ
һĻʹطһʿһ
⣬ˡ
һЩ˿죬ɵúݺһ£ˮˮһ۵Ŀ֮ҲǺ޹˼ɣۻͷֱǧԶ
ǽɵƽӰˣôôô󵨣
һĲ
Ȼע⵽Щ˵Ŀ⣬Щ˵ۣȴ⡣
Сˮˮȹ
٩ˮˮ
ˮˮߵ˵ģƽռĹ϶٣Ϊ
ΪһŮӣˡ
һЦŰˮˮĴָ
漴¿ǰַŵӶַ̽
ǱѰȻҲͺ͸ַǵû뵽Ƿַڣ̽Ѱַڵ
ܿ죬ʱȥлһĨâ
Եصַʱзһưܵҩ԰Ųٱҩ꣬һЩǿήģȴһЩĺܺãޱŨɵâܰǿԪ

кˮˮС̫
ȥĶ
ˮˮ档
ˡ

ŰˮˮС̫뿪طַΧУúһӰĵط漴ֹסŲ
ʲô
ˮˮЩ⡣
淢һЩĶŴãȽȥȡ

ɶ淢ЩĶˮˮһ㶣ַûгɢȥأҪҲŻ᳹ʧѾһЩĶôֵģУȽȥʱôȥЩɶԸʴɶֻǴڰ벽ɼɲΣ˲ٵġ
죬һܲģôͻȻ˵Ļ
С̫ȴһаھͽУ
֪ƿǵȹžһַ̽ѰַڵһЩĶʱȽַȥҲܲµ쵱ҪǽС
ΪʲôΪطûӰԱⱻ˿Ǵ͸㲽ַڵĻ档ΪǱ˿ֱӴ͸㣬һУܻһЩҪ鷳
û⡣

˵ţ΢һƵ֯һƥ㣬ܿ콫ԼˮˮС̫У֯һƵԡ
ʲô
ˮˮ棬ִ˴콻֯ơ
Ҷߡ

˵ţɨܣڴȷûκγȴӰ󣬷ֱӴŰˮˮС̫ŵַڿȥ
ɰѰˮˮŵĲ᣺ιֱ簡㣬Σ
͡
һ촫Ļ
ȥƽ⣬Ƶ˲䣬𶯣һߣȫΧƥƷָ
⡭
ˮˮԲۡ
죬ȻֶοԸɶκβ˵Ŀ
ʲôô
죬סˡ
һЦΪν֮컯طЩȻԸʴɣ֮ȴȫԸ
ƿ·ǰУԽ㡣
ˣԼȥʮ٣ƴŰˮˮС̫״͸ַ֯㣬ַڡ
ȥƬַǳ޴󣬵ĹһЩձ׹ڵأĹ϶ܼĵƣ󲿷ֶѾȱˡ
棬İȻĽˣˮˮԾ˼Ŀ죺⡭Ҳ̫ˣ
ǿǿ
Ц
ڣַҪʱŻ᳹ɢȥ˲ܽʱַⷽȫǣϽѰȥĿĹСӣղᵽЩöʲôطٶȹȥȡУ
ͷߡ
ûԥŰˮˮС̫һ̶ķȥ
ַⷽڣռЩ谵Щ֮ǰ̽Ѱһưܵҩ԰ļǵʲôλãܿǴŰˮˮҩ԰Ӵ
ȥҩ԰Сٸƽһ㣬һЩɿˣһЩлԣĵر֯ŨɵâвٱԣطĿռ䶼ӳһƵĹʡ
ɹı׻ҩ԰ڵĵر˫ĿǿʿԪǶżô
ȫ

£޿ٳ֣ת۱ǽҩԺڵһĵرȫ
Щڼ̵ʱͬʱ۳һԪ
Щ˷ܡ


1546 ȱ
ַڵһưҩ԰ѰĵرȻǺܼ
ҲǸˣֵȴǺƽ
Ͼַʱ̽طЩ
ھЩҩɣȻȥطҿǷ

룬ͷУȥѰ
ʱⷽҩ԰ѰĻɹ͵ıȣǷǳĵر̺ǳ˵ɵƬʱǿǧʿɵԪٶȣԹһ£Щĵر۳ԪҲҪķʱѣȥʱʿȵɢȥַⷽǰǻŲٵİѰʱ䡣
ⷽưܵҩ԰ڣ޿ʼɹ͵ı
ֲһ͵âһʱ价ܡ
ˣһۣʱȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʱıĵرɵ޼ͬʱ۳µԪΪԸһ
ԸӦ¼ڵӳ棬ʶȣҲǿ
ս֮ǰࡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲĸӦ˰ˮˮΪѾ۳ԪС̫ǿһء
߰ɣȥط
˵
ʱʱ䣬һطĵر۳һµԪʱȥַѰˣãıƲ١
ߣʱ䣬һҪƬַ飬˽ǰмֵĶ
ѽ
С̫ĽٲȻǱźһ˼
û˵ʲô뷨ȴȻҲˡ
뿪Ƭҩ԰Ƭַط
ַǳõĺܲһ㣬Բбɲ
Уϱڲԫ洦ǣطԿǳĵơ
ЩƣȴѾˣپ߱һ˿һܡ
Уúһõĵǰվ⣬ԸоǳɱϢԼ䣬ż΢ı
б
˫۷
ûԥֱӿУһ·ǰУúһܱյʯǰ
ʯҾڵ֮ڣĻԺãĵӡһЩطѾˣЩطȴɢŵ΢⡣
צӣҪƿʯţǱϵһЩƸ˿ȥ
кǿš
ü
ˮˮҲǰһԣǱ˿
ȻĵӡѾ˺ܶ࣬£˿ƿ
Ҳü
쿴ǰʯţ˶ٺ΢ӡһһʩչ
ӡ֯âһԻ˿˿⣬ڣǰʯҵʯӡȥ
â֯ӡһӡʯϺ󣬵һ͵죬漴һ̣ʯ֮ϣԭɢ΢âĵӡ׵İȥ
ֱĨǣ
ˮˮԾ
֮ǰӦ£ʯϵĵӡȻ࣬µʿȴǾûа취Ӧԣ޷ƽ⣬û뵽Ȼֱӽˡ
ûʲôˣƽӡʲôģұȽó
Ц
ӡ֮ɷӡһУУĨƲѣһΪΪ˫ҪĨĲӡҲǺܼ򵥡
һַĿֱֵӴ͸ǿƺӡҲɵľĨȥʵǡ
죬һԾı顣
̫ҡ
ڿЦ
漴ʯҵʯϣ΢΢һֱӽʯŸ˿
̼䣬һɼΪ˵ɱϢʯźޱˡ
ƿʯűǾӭ˵ɱϢ㱻ĺɳȥǿǺݺһһɾʹУ㱻ĳѺۡ
Сӣû°ɣ
ȻҲǸӦ˴ʯ֮ǵɱϢĿ£Ǿǰ˴󲿷ֵǵȿֲɱϢ
û¡
ҡͷ
˶٣ѪͺŰˮˮС̫С
ȥʯڰ˸ֱɭ걦Ƚ࣬ͬҲǲ٣ټ֮࣬˸Զݡ
ټļֵɲС
ĿɨЩеһɫϽϣϽ֯ӣҲѺۣȴһоľϢ
̧֣һѽ֮ץУ󵱼ǸоһɴʹǱһ°㣬ץɫϽֶɵò¡
ǡˮˮ¶ЩɫҡͷѾĺˣֻʮ֮һңңҲʹøεӣ֮󣬾ͻлٵ
ҲˣԶԶǿ󡣡

ԵĹ£ΪֻɫϽҲɱɳڵˡ
΢ΣںɫϽڣҲһ
ϣȱһڣͻ걦ǧεıǶ಻ʤһ𣬿һڷǷıأֵˡ
ȥط
˵
뿪طŰˮˮС̫̽ѰƬַطһһưܵúһõңŲٵӡֱ񣬻һЩӡڷ⣬߱ǿ
ȴ㲻ʲôӡһתת۱ǽЩӡĨƿ
̼䣬һɷǳ˵ҩӸ¥ʹһë׶ɵչ˿
ȥһһŵİܣÿһŰ϶ŲٵСƿҶźҩ㡣
ٵɵѩ鵤ĸĵɵص
ɨСƿСƿϵһƵľâ
ڣСƿڷŵĺܶ࣬Ҳ֣УֱԼİ벽ɼʿɿԪ֮ǰĵıĵرЧҪ౶
ڵһЩʱǿֱһµԪΪһأ
Щ˷ܡ
ͷһӣеıȫֻܰ벽ɷɿɵԪı
ǣҪʱʱ䣬һԪȻȥط
˵
ַⷽѾѰ룬ֻмһֻûѰַȫɢȥŻһʱ䣬ˣطЩ۳ԪȥһСַⷽ̽Ѱʱɻüʿȵɢȥǰ׵ĽַⷽѰϣмֵĶȫѰߡ


1547 ɫ
ĻͷطѰ⼸ֱ󣬿̵ֱʱ۳һµԪʱЩȲ
ʼɡ

Ѱı󲿷ֿ԰Ԫı£밲ˮˮС̫ԷһЩ
ʼʼʼ۵Ԫ塣

漴ڵһʱתԼĹžķطѰı
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮС̫Ҳǿʼıܿ㶼е⽻֯âҲ֮ǿʢ
˶٣Ҳת̫ľʼĿɿԪı
һʱ䣬ֱӸӦɵĴڣɵĸޱȵԴڣطıһٶȸɵ
̺ɵƬ˿̣ȱֱ۳Ԫ֮ͬǰЩĵرһ㣬ʹɵٶǿǧ֮࣬Դ˶ܿٸɵ̶ԼٶµԪ
ⷽڣıɵٶȷǳ죬ɵƿԽԽ룬ĵâϵıǿ
ˣһʱȥıɵĸﵽһ߶ȣԱԴǣһɵıԴӡڣѪԪ
̱Ƚϼ򵥣ܿ죬ѪеıԴӡ۳ԪľȽǿʢ࣬սٴ
á
лһĨâ
ͬһʱ䣬⼸ǿϢˮˮС̫Ⱥ۳µԪΪһأС̫۳Ԫˮˮ۳Ԫʵǿ˼֡
Цһʱ۳ԪȽʵЩ죬Ǹˡ
ߣȥط

طıȫߣ뿪ңȥѰƬַСռ䡣
Ժ󣬺ܿһȥƬַСռ䱻ѰϣѰ˲мֵĶǲ
Ҳʱռַĺɫޱ鵭漴ܿ쳹ɢȥ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյתۼ𣬴ӸͬķԶԶĿȥܼӰ롣
ʱַȫɢȥһֱʿȫַڳ˽
ʲôҲûˣһƬտ档
̲סЦ
ƴǰսУƬַϣмֵĶȫѰߣƬַϿʲôûˡ
ǴӮҡˮˮҲɵЦȫˣ
һЦ߰ɣ뿪
ߡ

ʱǵǲƽƬַϣַⷽȥ
ַڣȺʿ룬ǳַ࣬ⷽڷɿĴУ̽Ѱط
⣬ôʲôҲûС
ȫֻһƬ
ҿ
һַⷽڻ졣
֣֮ǰʱر⣬ôʱȫҲˡ
ֵ
ңкö

£еʿѰܣң˼
һַߣӺƽҲ˽еһʿۡ
˵֮ǰַʱȷʵп⣬ܲȴǲûѰйصĶ

ˮˮͷรȷʵЩ֡
ʵҲЩɻ֮ǰַżȻܲ⣬Լֲһɫ󣬵ǽ⴦ַʱȴûѰɫֶûټɫ֡
˶٣˵棬ѾѰ飬ҲҲˣء
䣡
ͻȻַⷽǷ˾޴ĵһ㣬Ļ
ȥַвһ׳ĺɫ𣬽֯ޱȾ˵аϢ·Ըʴ
ң֮УһƵɫ⣬ǳۡ
ǣ
ͬʱݣոջ֮ǰֵɫ⣬ʱֱԻ˳ұǰżȻַɫŨϢܾˡ
ȥ

ͷԭѾ׼뿪ˣʱ򣬼֮ǰֵɫͻȻȻȥһ
ߡ
ͷ
޵ͷַܿⷽĵش
ʱطҺɫӣرˣ¶һڴ󶴣·һƬĿռ䣬ٻҺɫ⣬Ҳ³
⡭澹Ȼпռ䣿Ծɫӵ³ԭǴ·棬˲õĶ


1548 ɵ
ַв̮ɫźɫ˽һ
ѹ֮ǰַûѰԭַڡ
춯ݡ
ַ֮ⷽ£ȻһƬռ䣬֮ǰַżȻɫ⣬ȻǴصµĿռֶ
ɫʵ⣬кܾ˵ĵУ
ˮˮ˫۷
ͬһʱ䣬طܻʿжžɫɫио˷ǳ˵ĵ
һر
˵
˿ŵص׿ռ䣬۾Ǿâմմ
ص𶯣ɫϳȴҲǽõˣһɫ⣬ҲǱõ˲١
طǶĿŵص硣
Сӣȥ

ɫн֯ŷǳ˵ĵĵɢȹâĶһǳǶдá
ԵͷȻ
ɫ⣬Ҳ⡣
ɫ˿˿Ƶĳ󳹵鵭
ߣȥ

£ವƿһһƬʿֱӳ뵽ص硣
ƬַʲôҲûѰʱ¶һƬص磬֯ǰ㲻ɫ⣬Щʿ뵽зǳ׵ıȻŹᡣ
תۼ䣬ʿ뵽˵ص硣
ߣҲȥ
кˮˮС̫
Ҳû뵽ص硣
ܿ죬ڵصĵϣܳʪģԵЩѹ֡
֪ɢɫԴǾƬص׿ռʲôλá
ɨܡ
Ѹҳ
ˮˮȭͷ۾ˣǴƬռ䣬ѰɢɫԴڡ
ʵϣص֮ǰɫȻǿˣȻǾƬռڵĽ֯ɫĳ챦ЩɢɫۻƬռڣ֮ǰͨ㣬ǰеɫⶼһԵĳ˳ȥԣƬص׿ռ䣬ǵɫ⡣
֮ǰַǵɫ⣬ҲͨһЩ϶ӵص紫ַȥ
ҿ

Ƭص׿ռвٵɽȴ඼ǺܵͰֲϡ衣
һƬص磬벽ɼɢѰɫڡ
ܿ죬ʱȥǲصĳƬɽ䡣
ЩɽеʴˣһȴӰ󣬱ϾΪɶǲס
ͻȻ̶ɽһȺʬ壬ŷǳ̱ǵĳζ
⼸ͷʬ޽ӽɼˮ׼кɫףϢŨҡ
̧֣նɱ⣬֮Уת۱ǽͷʬ
ͷܱȼɵĸʬô׾ͱնˣ
ˮˮЩԾ
ûʲôˣǡƿпа

ˮˮۣԴ͸ɶܸʴĥֻǿ߲ӦԵӡܿ޽ӽɼǿߵа׻ɱȵаʬ㵽ƿ˶ر
ȷʵԿаҲôǿȻô׾֮޽ӽǿߵаʬʵԾ֮ǰһ˵£ʾӵľˣԲۿ졣
ƿغܶȫ֪ȫܡ
Ц
ˮˮۣNɪ
һЦ밲ˮˮС̫УܿааǺܼ򵥱ͽ
֮ص׿ռȥתۼֿԶ
ҲʱлһĨâסһɽ
ɽص׿ռɽԣҪ࣬ǿһֱӣ̽ѰܣʱɽиӦ˺֮ǰӦɫһģһϢ
ºͰˮС̫򵥵£ʹðˮˮС̫ǰһ
ߣϽȥ
ߴ١
ͷһ˵ɽɽȥ
ΪԲԶľգۼ͵ˣ뵽ɽ֮ڡ
ƾǿӦŰˮˮС̫ǰУúɽλãֱһڰ뾶ԼСȪأڻɫˮԴˮɢɫ⣬һޱȾ˵ɵ֯ϡ
Ȫԭȶ
ˮˮһͬʱҲ¶ϲɫ
н֯âȻҲϳǵȪһżпȱȪԴһ㣬ɵ۶ɡֻԴͨĴ֮ݻȪȴɵ֮۶ŷǳ޴
˵Ȫײɵ̺ޱȾ˵ɵƬȻǿ߶ԣҲرеرǿѾƿصɵʹƿصɵĸȹ̸ǿҲø⣬󣬾սǿ
ǼŵǶԣǹ屦ɵǸɵٶȣڶʱӽ̬ʱ򱶣ʱڿԼ۳Ԫ֮ǰЩĵرͱҩҪǿˣ
쿴жɵ
ˮˮ
Ѿ̽Ȫڣܿ·ְӨ͸״Ȼɵ
ĸÿһ

˵ţֱ̧֣֯ƣԵȪײĸɵȫȡԼһȻָˮˮС̫һ
ɵ֯⣬ֲһɫʣɵϢǳŨ
úúã̫ˣһɵ֮үڶʱ۳ԪҲпܣңڰ벽ɾ߱ͱüǿ䲻ǿֱӺȣڰ벽ɾڣȴԳȻ󣬵պǿɾͶɵƿҲԶԶǿͬɣ
˷ܣˮˮŮδϢ̫ˣֱ׬ˣ
ͷλҪлˮˮǾַ¸ǣʵȡõջ̫ˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһ𣬴Ƭʿ嵽ǷǳĶǰ벽ɣʮ˴ɾ
ЩΪӦź֮ǰɫһϢתۼǶˣԱߵĵȪ󿴵ŵɵԶݡ
Ȫɵ
ŵɵж¶֮ɫɵǶǿ߶Կɶ䣡
ȻӦĵЩ˶ֱĶеɵȴǲû̫⣬кˮˮС̫ɽȥ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһʮӰΪض¡
ߣɵ
ʮɣȡ


1549 Ͻ
ʮɼǿһǰѪǿᣬͬʮڻ¯һ㣬κһ˶бɵŵܻǿ٣ϢŨ
ɵȫ
죬ЩнԴ̰֮⣬ʵɵ̫ǷЩɶҲǹ屦Чˣǽõ
طһʿҲǴ̰֮ɫɵǳ󣬵ʱȴûгȥϾЩ˶ֻǰ벽ɾΪѣûȥʮɼǿᡣ
ֹסŲǰʮɣϵıû˿仯ÿ
ϻɵʮУһ꿪ڣȣȴЩ䣬ԹԽǲ
˼ǣǾǽҲû᲻ɱǣ
쿴ˣ΢˫ۡ
ǾͿҵˡ
ߣĿңȴҲ䡣
쿴ˣһЦܺݶȽϺãԲƽϣʵʵĹԶ㡣
̶յʱһ˽۳Ԫõ౦ѰĽɵԺ֮ڼ̵ʱǿԶ۳Ԫܾ߱ȵıǿ˿ȷʵȽϺá
˵ţʮһɣĵҲһҸǻᣬǵɵҲ׷Ҳ⡣ټ϶Խ򣬱顣
⻰һطʿǶݡ
˵ʲôǿ߹Զ㣿ǿ߻᣿
⡭ôҲδﵽɾȴȻǿ˵
ӳˣ
ʿ죬ǳŹֵĿ졣
ʮȻɫһ
ĶڣԼɵҲصһ
ȿڵĻĵ죬ֱӿѹȥɼϢһʱƵ
ͬʱʮһҲǶˣɹâѹ죬˿С̫ץˮˮΪϣɵ
ңͬһʱ䣬ʮҲ໥侯䱸Ͼǲͬ飬ᵽɵطɵȴǽֻĽأעǲÿ˶ջˣҲעǸǾߡ
ȻǾߣȻͻ໥侯䱸
ವƿصʮͬʱޣϢ֯Ե÷ǳˡ
ޣסɵˡ
ϻǿȥԶǴɾ£ôܵסʮǿߣɵȻᱻȫߣпܱס
ɵסҲסʮɣȥɲ顣
һЩʿۣԹԵҡͷ
Ҳʱʮͬʱ졢ˮˮС̫ǰ̧ѹ¡
ǿϢӿʮɣܸо޴ѹȴ⣬ԱߵİˮˮС̫Ҳܵ
ǻᣬǲϧҲԹ˭ˡ
ƽ
䣬וּһһںɫϽڳ鲼ƣ鲼Ѻۣƺʱܱ飬ֱӳʮնһ
ʱ䣬һϬĽâƥĽʮĺɣʮ̽Ĵ֣ȫնķ顣
⣿
ʮɣȻȫ
ôܣ
һĻĲԶһʿɫ
ʮɼǿͬʱѹޣȴȻһͬʱֱۣȫɡ
ǡ
桭ǽ
ǽȥƺ˺ܶࡣ
˿죬ԵĺɫϽ¶𾪵ı顣
һڽģֵҲǺܾ˰
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿܺƵԶɵʮ³أתۼ䶼ϵֱ޸־ŭʮɣȻһתۼ䱻һ벽ɸȫն˳ȥ
Ǻ죬ǵһʱ俴ԵĺɫϽǶݡ
ȱĽ
һͫһݡ
죬ԵĺɫϽʮ˽ǳԾ뵽ϾȻôһر
ôһڲȱĽȻǶЩǿ߶ԣҲǾ߱ž޴ջɵ
û뵽һ벽ɣȻñǴˣ
꿴죬ǳЩͬʱҲһЩɵ
ϾһڽǲȱģȴҲɾĪԶԶǿƿôһڲȱ԰벽ɼΪ߶Զв
ͬһʱ䣬ʮһɣҲ¶Щ֮ɫȻǹ˼ɺɫϽ
Ҳʱוּһ̶죬ץסԵĺɫϽֱӶˣ֮߶콣ֱնʮâ֮ǰһǿͬʱ׼ʮɡ
·
ƽ


1550 ɿ־
ʮâˣΪԲȱĽϽ콣նÿһޱȵķٶȷǳ죬ֻգۼǾͱƵʮǿ߽ǰƺƵѹ£ƺҪһжĥһ㡣
ʮɽǶݣʱܣֻͬʱǿĻֵ
ֻǣԺɫϽնʮâǿ̶ȳʮ˵ֻգۼѣǾͷĻˢˢնϡ
һʱ䣬۵촫ʮ뱻նĺɣϽԲѺۣ·Ǵմһ㣬ʱܱ鿪
һĻʱĲԶһʿǱɫ
áǿĽ
Ĳ
֮ǰʮɱһȫɣʮûзûϵвȱնˣʱʮȴѾһڲȱ˷ȻˣȴǱһɣԵЩˣԲԾ
ҲЩȣɫϽ֮ǰַãһʼ֪Ͻԣ֮ǰʮҪɵʱǶǺܵ˿Ҳ⣬Ϊ֪ǱɫϽ֣޾ͨɣϾǲȱҲǿ
ֻǣɫϽ֮ǿվЩǵԤϣû뵽ƿУȻʮзͷ£׽ʮ˻ˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿܳԶնɵʮɳ𣬷ɿ޸øԵ壬ɫǱЩѿ
ԭǼǴڰ벽ɲΣõܺ׵Ĵжɵȴ룬ϾȻһڲȱĽľǣеĲȱԶԶеĿ£Ȼ׾ܻǵķĻʮͬʱˡ
ⲻò˵Щˡ
ʱʮ˿죬еļɵ֮ɫԱһʼɫϽʱŨһЩ
λʱǵˡʮУµǸ꿪ڣǿڶϽܲ򵥣ǸΪսѶùǱϽǺͲһˣʮ˺ѹնȻѹնһеһޣʱپɵԼеǿڶϽ
ʮһн֯΢⣬漴ǵͷԡ
͵ǰԣ⣬ȷʵΨһɶȡɵķ
ʮһ˵ͷһЦĿٴϣһڲȱĽΣı䲻ǽյĽ֡
쿴ˣĮһЦ
һ̣ˣкɫϽһһתųƬĽâ˸ͬһ꣬һǽʮͬʱУÿһâǼǿ
ȵ
ৣ
һƿͻأǰֱӴĻڴʱ絽ǰ
굱һ㡭ʱչֳٶ𺳣ǵٶȣɾԲǰ벽ɼʿܹ߱ٶȡ
ﬣ
̶ƵûκζĻжϽĳŻ£콣Դ߶Ҽ콣еһ򳬼ֱͨ֡
һʱ䣬Ľ·ҪնһУ޿ɱܣʱֱӱǱһնС
۵һֱӱըѪˮ춼ǣһնķ顣

ŭն飬ȴǲ𣬻ܷӿѸٿʼ޸
ȻȴȻԸᣬеĺɫϽŲ⣬ٴκݺն¡
۵һ޸еֱӱһָնķ飬ңһȫ߶ɫϽһƵĽϢ֯Ļ궼˾޴Ĵˣ˲䲼Ѻۡ
ģ㡭
ﬣ
첻˷ʲôֱһƥĽգۻǰ

ٴⴴһη˲ҽС
ʵ߶ĺɫϽ̫ǿд˽Ϣɵ˺ʵ̫ˣϵѺ۱øܼˡ
ڶԷưܵǰеĺɫϽױȵĿϢ

ĮĵжϽ˵䡣
ӭһʱʱ־ˣֹסķ쾪ִУСס֣һж
ȥɡ
ôܶ飬жϽƲն¡

һžͿ־һ̣걻ԺɫϽȵУǱ鿪
⣿
һɣôնˣ
ɱһɡ
һĻʹطһʿһ
ȻǺ˲𣬵ǣһ벽նһɣҹʮּɣⲻòЩļ¡
ǣǰѶϽ棬ǡ
˿еĺɫϽǲɵͷƤ֪֮ܺôɵ԰벽ɼΪնɼĻ꣬󲿷ǿ˺ɫϽ֮
ͬһʱ䣬ʮһҲһбȽǿˣһ̻ںһΧɱȡɵͺɫϽ룬һ̾ͱնˡ
ﬣ
źɫϽʮһɣƽʮһ˱ǰȥ
ʮһ˵ǲɵһʲô
ʲôźɫϽԲɵЦǵ䱦ɱǣ˵ʲôȥ̸̸룿
⻰һʮһ˶ʱɫࡣ
ɱˣ
Уһ꾪ŭ
㾪ŭʲôҪɱǣڣɱǣ
쵭
˵ţٶͽȻת۱ǰɫϽһαµĹԣ֮ʩչ콣еĳͨԵǰȫ߶ֱնˡ
۵һ굱Ǳնķ飬겻Զˡ
Ҳʱһǿǰٴȫ߶ɫϽֱӳ˵ն¡

ҽд̶ɳڵĺ꣬𣬳׵ʧؼ䡣
⡭
֣һɣ
ԶһʿĲ
תۼѣɱնʵЩˡ
ɻ
Ц
ɻ
С̫Ǹ͡
սУʣµʮЩĲˣж˾㤡ʱ򣬴ڶʱնͺ꣬ǳ׿˳кɫϽ죬ȻǺҲȫֵסսʤˡ
ʮҧˣûԥǺˡ
ʱ֪סвȱ죬ѡѸ뿪ԱסϾҪġ
ߣ
ЦжϽӶ֯ɱ⣬ضʮɵ·޲𹥻ˡ
һʱ䣬Ľ⽻֯Ƭռ䣬ÿһˡ
ǸϾɱ
ʮ־ŭ


1551 Ϊ
ʮɵĻоЩЦ
ЩΪԼ̰ȡɵҪɱǣһʼиڹЩ˾棬뿪ΪǣЩȴԸ⣬ǼɱˮˮС̫ܶȡɵ˼ɺĶ֡
ڷֲĶ֣ǾͿʼӶݣº󣬾ǾŭĵҪǸϾɱָֻоͺĳ־޴ί㡣
ôҲɣһǰΪɵϣ𣿡
˵
㡭
ʮɵɫʱ䶼Ǳøѿ˼ǷǳˣܷŹǡ
ѣ̫
һҧ
˭ѣϵ
첻мһЦеĺɫϽֱӶˣһʮɣһնƬɱ⡣
Щɱ⣬콣߶ɫϽնÿһⶼŵĽ
ʱ۵ʮͬʱɣǱնӡ
ʺѪˮա
漴ϣһǰɫϽ⣬Įѹ䡣

˷ҽУѹ飬ͬҲǲѺۣԵǱ
鲻䣬תһʱ䵴Ƭɫ磬еĺɫϽƺƵѹ˵ꡣ

һʺͿ־Ĵдһ̱ð
⡭һɱ
ԶһʿĲ
ʱŸ۳һĻȻҲһ񣬳ǿںɫϽ쾹ô׵նɱɡ
ƴˣ
һҧ
ʱѾԺɫϽ֯ŵĽϢܣǾӲȥˣֻܱˮһսˡ
Ȼ׵ǰɫضѿԶǵͷ
ɱ
˺ȵ졣
ͬʱҲһˣǽܴ߶ޣǿս졣
Ҫȥͱɱ죬ǱǾͻᱻɱɱǸǽɵõĽɵһȱĽǣʱ򣬾˶ʼƴˡ
һʱ䣬Ƭռ¡¡죬治ɵÿʼѣϢʮˡ
Źɺ嫵Ϣɵͬʱѹ졣
ԴˣıһƬƽ
ﬣ
еĺɫϽ̶Х콣֮߶ޣͬʱһʩչֱӭϺɱľˡ
ʱ䣬طײرһƬһƬըѺͳݣļɽڵһʱͱķѣʯĽ

ҽдͨƬڼٴУеĺɫϽڴ˿̴һɵüģڴ̶ĲҽֱӱԷʶꡣ
ڣɫĵط˲Уס
ѪˮϽȫ߶ɫϽ콣ݺᣬն߸ɡ
ѣġ
һɲѾ鲼־Ĺâġ
ʮɣֻʣһˡ
鵭ĮȻܶɱ飬кɫϽ£д콣֮һըҲһ顣
ȫȫˡ
Զһʿ
ʮɼǿߣڲһʱʱһ벽ն˸ɾ
ʱЩʿԶԶĿ죬ǲɵüһɺ

һߣҡͷЦ
ˮˮ죬дžɫȻǿڲȱɽȷҲ̫ˣһ
벽ɳһڲȱĽһսǣͬʱʮɵȴɵնʮˣЩ˼ˣʵЩԾԽԽЩ£ʵ̫ǿˡ
սУʱźɫϽ˻ذˮˮС̫ԡ
СӣĵĿеĺɫϽϣ΢΢Щݣ⽣ϵѺۣˡ
ɫϽԭвѺۣʱնʮɺϽϵѺۣԱñ֮ǰ˲١
ͷȻһͷһ㣺ˮˮ֮ǰ˵ĲϽʹξͻ᳹𣬾һκ󣬹ֻʹˣ֮󣬾ͻɲ
˵ţɫϽڣкˮˮС̫뿪ط
ɽȥطһʿļ¼ɵı뿪ܿ߳ⷽɽ
ڣ뿪ص׿ռ䣿
ʵ
뿪棬ӦûмֵĶˡͷ뿪Ƭռ䣬߳ƬַҸεĵطɵˡ
үҲô룡ţ
˫۷
ɵǶڶʱ۳ԪԪңڰ벽ɲڵܴﵽһǳ˵ĳ̶ȣʱȲɵͻơ
ͷͰˮˮС̫뿪Ƭص׿ռ䣬Ϸַڣ뿪ַܿȥԶһɽѰһεϿȡ
̧֣طӡʮͨ󣬶ϥ£԰ˮˮС̫ˣ԰ˡ
طΣټ԰벽ɼΪӡµķǻԵİȫõʲô
ˮˮС̫ȻǺܷģĻ󣬵תԵĹžʼɵ
һ޿ʼɵҲǽɵȡת̫ľڼľﵽ۷ڻɵ̷֮븹С
һֻоڶŨɵϢ۳ԪΪ֮𣬻ƵɵâͻȻǱǿʢϢʼǿ
ңͬһʱ䣬ؼɵĸҲ˲ǿ֮࣬ؼɵһֱڸɵһ̱ޱ
֪ɵڷˣԥԴʶûɵ֮ڣʼĲɵ
ΪɵĹϵʱɵ͸򣬱ƽʱ䳣̬ʱǿ򱶣ٶȱǾȻľˣֻǹȥʱѣɵ򵽾ŷ֮ʼǣɵıԴӡڣܿ۳Ԫ˲ǿࡣ
ʱɵڣûü̾磬ֿʼɵֹȥʱɵ򵽾ŷ֮ߣǣɵıԴӡܿ۳ߵԪľȣһ޴ı仯ʱǰǿһأɵϢŨ˺ܶࡣ
ʱ֣ɻвٵɵܴڣɵĸǳ̬ʱ򱶡
۳ڰ˵Ԫ
аоâմմ


1552 ֪
ɻŵɵϢ찵΢ϲɵڣԼԷǳٶȸɵ۳ڰ˵Ԫ
һѹеľϲԱԴûڴ֮ɵ֮Уɵɿĸɵ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ĽɫâøǿʢâҲ֮ǿ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
һ̣ɵɢȥʹʧҲǴʱɵ˾ŷ֮ˣԱԴǣڰɵıԴӡ֮ԼѪУܿ۳ڰ˵Ԫ
ʱ䣬һʮǿϢڳطһ쫷硣
벽ɣ˵Ԫ
һĨâ
Ѿ۳˵ԪֻҪһ֮ңǾܴﵽɼΡ
ɣ·ϵһˮ룬ɱ㾳Ͱ벽ǿ̫ˣͬն
΢΢ȭͷʱԼı仯ΪѾǿûԵı仯⣬涼࣬Ϣ÷ǳŨԶԶ˰벽Ӧеˮ׼սǿ̫̫ࡣ
ɵ
ֻһɵѣһ۳ԪΪ;ȴϢڰ벽ɲǿһǳ˵ĳ̶ȣҪȵɼǿˣʱ־ϲ
оȻԼҲɳڵǿһս
䣡
䣡
䣡
ԱߣǿϢȺ𣬰ˮˮС̫ȺͻƵ¾ڣâǱúŨǿϢ
ԪүԪ߱˵Ԫˣ
Ц
ԱߣС̫⽻֯ɫ⣬Ҳ۳Ԫ׳˺ܶ౶
ֻ۳Ԫ
ˮˮ
ȻʲУΪΪǿһأԽѶȾԽʱȻɵҲֻ۳Ԫѡ
졢ԼС̫һܹ۳˵Ԫ졢Сֻ̫ǿ۳ڰ˵ԪȴѾҪ۳ھŵԪˣԣΪԣʵҪǰһأɾѾǳˣʱп뵽ɾΡ
οջ̫ˣ
˷ܵĵ
ͷȷʵ
бһˣֻʱѣС̫۳Ԫˮˮ۳ĵԪɼΣֻһ֮ңջĺܾˡ
߰ɣȥˡ
˵
߰ɡ

ɢȥӡطķ漴뿪һ˳бɻطȥ
Ϊûʲô£ԣ޵ٶȵҲǷŵĲ졣
˵̩ϵƬŵؿʱ䣬ֻдˡ
ˮˮ
Ƭŵأģ

бɣһΪս򣬼һɿԸ˽͸õҪƬŵأΪ˵һƤɵףǳˣõףԺúܶࡣ
ΪΪԽԽǿپԻԽԽֲȻɵԺ٣ɻǳѣԵõףԺɽٵİ϶ǳ
̩ģһƬǳĵ򣬾˵ǰһģǳ޴սܶݱ䣬Ҳ˲ĵرңǼֵƣ̩һءˮˮȻҲ˵һƬǳյĵطаУһСľͻ涪
Ƭŵر̩ϵʮɺƹܣʮɵĵӣܶܽȥɣбΪʮ֮һµӽУҪʲô
ʵ
бɺһЩϸĹżһʱ䵹ȴ˽һ½ƬŵҪʲôʸ񡣲ȴܲµÿһбɵĵӶܽУԻʲôơ
ˮˮŵӺ洫ӶԽƬŵأŵӣֻо߱ŵǰʮʵſɽУǰʮ֮ŵӣûнʸ񡣡
˵УﵽΪɳϺʵɽΪŵӣﵽ벽ɣɳϺʵɽΪ洫ӡǰʮȷսԭŵǰʮеκһˣֻҪʤˣԶΪǰʮ֮һ
ԣͷ򵥡
漴ǲɵһЦô˵һˣɵȡƬŵصʸΪ˵ﵽɾΪбɵŵӣǰʮΪǾǱ۾ȡ
һҪҵֹ
ˮˮ˻ȭ
бɣҪĿأȥƬŵѰҹΪһҩҩ
ǰףɹЦҲףҵס
Ұ󡣡
ˮˮۡ
䣡
ʱԶͻȻԣŵӰԶ˳ǰɵƵŨǳת۽һΧסˣǴڰ벽ɾҶ˶ԷǳϤȻǰͼַˮˮĽͶԷӡ
ǸŮץסԺҪúĥһ˺ֱˣ
Χ˵˵
˶꣬ǽɵŵӣһҲΪǷַڱ˺ˣΪԼƱˮˮĿɼΪȴȻ޷ָʹ־ŭ⸽׷ѰˡԲŹˮˮҲŹ졢С̫Ҫȫɱ
ˮˮŽ룬һ
쿴Ž룬΢΢ۣ㻹ǲ֪򣬾Ȼ׷
Ŀɱ⡣
֣ٸˣʱҪɱŮһѹץסУǼŮһǵ£ѹץסǣȱ븸κƣҪǰ棬ļŮ˵£Ϊһ
ˮˮʱ쵰
ɫҲǳȻͰˮˮֹϵǽ
Ҷ֣
ɾ
Įɨһۣһ˿˳һ˱ȥ
ҽɵƽ֮ӣҲҲҶ֣ӺܲС
˵ֱ̧֣ץȥҽˮˮС̫һ֣ͬʱ˶֣Ҫһѹˡ
䵭ûʲôĻ̧־һȭ
תۣȭӣһҵ쵱
飡
ֵ굱ͬһɳȥдĿѪˮƮڿС
һĻɫۺҲǱɫܸоûдﵽɾȴȻһȭһɻˡ


1553 һ
δɾˣȻһɾǿ߸һȭĺɣý۵˽¶ɫһĻ̫˼顣
ˮˮС̫Ѿ֪Ǻܿ£Ա糣
䣡
ԶǱɵأۣȾѪдžɫ
ܿ죬ɫɣȻһ벽ɸһȭҵĺɣһЩˣһЩѪ̫ˡ
һⱬΪǿϢٴ̧֣ǰȻѹ¡
һΣһ졢ˮˮС̫һ𸲸ǣֻץһˣҪȽѹסĨȥűһȭɳȥĳ衣
¡¡ģһƲǼ򵥵֮һǳǿ
ߣûж˵ʲôֱһһȭŶԷϡ
һΣӳȭͷҲֻǼ򵥵֮ƵңǳˣһԴȪ
⡭ôôŨ벽ô˵
һ΢˿֯ǲ죬ŨȣͲǰ벽ɼǿܹ߱İǻûма벽ɵܴﵽȳ̶ȣٲȻѾҪܹˡ
󷽣ۺҲΪ֮ݣΪʱŨͬΪ벽ɵǿ̫ˣҲϵĲࡣ
֪ոһɵ߱һ츲صĸı䣬ʷκһ벽ʿܾ߱ˮ׼
ˣ
Ҳʱһ죬ȭͷͽӳĴײһ
һʱ䣬ߵײԣ˭Ҳ˭ƽɫ
ʹǾŭʱѾǼȴûڵһʱκε˰벽ɾ졣
һȣӿҸ裬ݻͨ
첻ܣǼͨӭϡ
ʱֻҪǱȱĽϽ׻ԷûУԼսԵУҪ˻ᣬһľս
䣡
䣡
䣡
߶ӿطĵرΪ֮˲١
ƽɫ
ԾˣѾʩչͨչֳȫȴѹƲ죬޷Ϸ𾪣һ벽ɾʿȻǿ
һͺɵʩչӿȵɵѹ졣
첻ܣ𶯣һ֮⽻֯ڼ˿˿
ɵ
漴Ҳһʩչвɵ֮ϡ
䣡
߶âӿ˭Ҳ˭
ƽ֡
㡭
ʧɫʱѾȫˣȴκβ졣
첻Բɵӿսꡣ
䣡
䣡
䣡
𶯣սһ˿·
һȻѾܹʿԿˣ
ˮˮȡ
ҲЩԾ֪ǿֻ壬սԶͬʿʱ򣬼ȫɣЩ𺳡
Ϊ·ϣΪԽǵ˺棬󾳽սǾԽ󣬾ֻ壬һ·ʮ٣ʱȫԼսڰ벽ɾ󾳽Եɶ·磬ȻЩš
ͬһʱ䣬۵ҲֶݣǱ˿չֳս
һ벽ʿ֮ܶԵɣʵЩˡ
Щǿߵĺɣĳ־˵Ѫ
𺳡
۱Ҳ𺳣ܿ죬Ǳɭ곤ʱѹ죬ȵҲһϣѹ
ԣ໥һۣԶˡ
ǵΪȽ۸࣬۵ȴԶԶȲˣΪɵƽ֮ӣǶԣ۵ĻȻзǺѲȥ
ȻΪҪǣǷǳԸΪͽ۵Ĺϵһͽ۵ĹϵպڽɵδȻһ˳
ٷģܿѹѹǸŮˣǹڽǰ
һ˵
⼸Ҳڣɵӿͬʱѹȥ
һ˾ͽȫ
ԭ㣬һΪѾʵˣԼ򵥵İ벽ܴ⡣ǣҪһЩѹý͸ˣϾۿǽɵƽӣֻҪý˸ˣǵΪԺڣͻգôһƽڹǣеĺôȻǾͲö˵
Уȳ춯ֵ꽫ܴ߶ǿᣬɱҲʢһɼǿߣȻûѹסһ벽ɣǳ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģ˽ǼɵԵúܷǳ
ߣһ֣о˾޴ѹȴɲܣҲʩչǿڲȱĽԼ֮ӭϡ
ǿǿ벽ǿ󡣡
˵
䣬һֻͼֱ𣬵һʱƵʥǿϢǿʥͼһ㡣
һתۼ뵽ֻͼڣֻͼ
һʱ䣬ʥѹͺ嫣ֲһϢƵ˽ľ
һʲô
ˮˮ𺳡
ʱĴֻͼо£궼¡
Ҳһǵһʱо˴ֻͼͿֲ
ûʲôĻֻͼͷԣһǿ˳ȥĥ̰Ĵֻͼֱѹȥ
ֻⷽͼǿ
ǿ֮ӭɵǿ֮
ͺ𣬽ɵȴ߶ĸǿȫӦ졣
һʼûʱڿֻͼĿºȻӲҴ⣬ƴнս߶ĸǿ
ת۶ѣִֻͼײһ
ʱһռ䶼ںƬ顣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ͬʱɶѪǲƵһͿ궼شԶһʱ侹վ
ͬһʱ䣬ݺһΣֻͼ飬ɫ΢΢Щ԰ס
ʷǷ˫ǾˣΪȴվֻǴڰ벽ɼΣŴ󾳽ײһЩˡ
⡭ôܣ
طˮˮС̫ڣ˶ɫ
԰벽ɾΪһɣ


1554 صĺ
벽ɣһȫֵɣһʱվһĻʵЩˣ֪ǿİˮˮС̫Ҳļ¡
䡭̬ˮˮۣȻѾ۳˵ԪɲѾԶվɻǲһ󾳽磬£쾹Ȼһͬʱɣսֱļ£ԱȵЩϵļʥʥŮˣһЩ޵ѪˣҲ˰
ԶɻȾѪưܣڵûܹվ
㣬㡭
ǿ죬ǲס˸
һ𹥻ȫȴһ벽һˡ
ۺһʱҲǴˣΪһĻ벽һɣһĻһֲʵĸоһ㡣
΢΢ȾѪûɣĮɨһ۽ۣкˮˮȥ
ˮˮҲɨ۽ۣ쳯бɵķȥ
ۿȥеľɫܿǱĶΪɾͺ˲㲻ʲôţٲŹǼŮˣǶҪкйصˣҲȫҪµȥ
ʱѾ߳ԶֱֹסŲɫ˲
һ̣ӰʧԭأɲǼڽǰ
۱ͻȻֵ㡭
飡
̧ȣݺһ£ֱӱǽ۲ڽ£ͷһʱǴ˳Ľ۵̲סҽУдӿѪ²ѺۣʱǱѪˮȾ졣
٣
Աߣ벽ɼ굱ɫʱȻ֪ǿ󣬵Ž۱һŲȵ˹ȥ
䣡
ڻȻһƣĺɡ
㣬㡭ſ١
۱ڽ£ʹʹֹסвӿѪ
ʱ飺˴ѵ⣡
Žۣ䣬˿ҲΣܵĿһ˲ñ
ɱ⣬ʹý̲סһɵһӵĺ
㣬㡭
ˣ
ŽֱۣӻȭֲȭϽ۵Ļֱ¡
漴һȭȵڽؿڡ
۵һѪˮĽֱӱһȭķ飬ͬҲһ飬ңǱҳһֱʮɵĴӡ
󡭡٣
һ¶֡죬ɱǽɵƽӡ
ˮˮЩԾϾ۵ݿɲһ㣬Ϊɵƽӣͷɱ˽ۣ鷳ɲС
˴ѵ𡣡ɵЦһ
һȭɱۣɱ䣬漴ɨԼ벽ꡣ
ӭɺ벽ɶǲһ
ȱϸղһȭɱ۵Ļ棬ʱһɿ־壬콫Ҳ͵ظɱΪǸΪղſһеɶİˡңҲɱȫ˵ǸϾǽɵƽӣ춼ɱˡ
ɨӼˣȴǲûɱֽ֣ܿĿ˿ȥ
߰ɡ
ɱ⣬ˮˮǰк뿪
š
ˮˮͷ졢С̫뿪бɵķȥ
ܿ죬һ߳ȥԶ
Ž۶Լ벽꿴뿪ıӰֱ˳ʧҰУǲǸоһЩ֮
٣Ȼ
ƽ̴µƣһǰĻƽ̴ǰƽ̴˻ϤһУǡǰɱңǿ£»ᱻ

˲
ǰɱǽɵƽ̱ضŭǸʱҲѲ˸ϵټصĴпܱƽֱӴ
飡ȥ飬ǶԹŮټȻ֪ƽ̴ˣԴˣǵĴ࣬ʱƽ̴˻ὫľΪٱϣȥԸǶԹŮ
ԣȥ飡ǸŮˣΪĹϵŵ´ѣף
ߣ
ҧʱʵǺ޼Ͱˮˮ۵ȫΪ˵Ĺϵ˴Ǽ鷳
ţҪ׼Ͱˮˮ뿪ķȥ׷ˡ
ҲʱһϢĳڰǰʵԡ
㡭˭
һˣһޱеĿ־УŶԷǸоһ̫ŵɽ㣬궼ڲ
Į䣬ûκһ仰Ψбڰϡ
һ̣۵𣬰һ⣬ը
ɱˣ˵ıû˿仯Ϣʧԭء

̩ݣɣɵʣϵǳŨ

һŭһɱ񱩣ļŵķ顣
һ˴ӽλóһͷŭʨɱƵɶ
ơƽ̴ôˣ
ڣӽһ
ƽ̴ڰ벽ɣΪЩ£ɢɱ⣬̫ˡ
꣬ν£
һϵ
һڣ֣߳Դڰ벽ɾۣΪһ̫ϳϡ
̫ϳǣ۶ɱˣ
ƽΪ꣬ʱŶԼ̫ϳϵһ棬Ȼնɱ۵Ļ棬ңлаˮˮ˵Ӱ
ĵƣڱɱһ̣ϰɿռڵлȫ˽ƽ̵ʶڡ
Žƽֳ̳ʶӻ̫ϳϵǶݣԳ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣһڵҲʶӻҲǸһǽƽ̵Ψһãɱˣ
ǸӵټնһǸŮԼֻҲն
һһ̫ϳȻ˸̩ϣɱǽһ֮ã̫ˣڴһ
ƽĿɱ⣬ŭ𣺡ˣȥ飬Ǹ˵ټǵͷ֣ͰˮˮӰʶӻķʽ
µ˲䣬΢һϢǰ
ƽ̵ݣˣǽɵˣʲ
ﬣ
˶֣ƽ̵ըͬҲһ顣
˲
һĻס˽ˡ
ǽɵƽ̣ȻһͻȻֵĺˣһնɱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һ̫ϳҲǺݺһǺȻʧɫ㡭
ﬣ
һ̶𣬺˻һĨ⣬̫ϳеһ˸ɱͬʱǸղſڳҪɱ졢ˮˮС̫Ǹߡ
ʹýǲ벽۷Ľ̫ϳҲɫɷף˭ֲ̫ˣɱǽ벽ɡ
㣬˭ΪΪʲôǡ
һ̫ϳϿźˣֲĺΪʲôͻȻǽɣɱ֡
Įһ̫ϳϣ䣺ҪȥС㣬򣬻ǡ
űϢʧֻһֵĽˡ

նۣ뿪֮ǰǴڣͰˮˮбɵķȥ
һۣյʱȥһ˾бѾǷǳбʮһĴɽڣƽļбɶȥ
ΪǵǰûʲôеҪȥ
Ŭֻһܿˣ

ɣ·ϵһˮ룬һȥ涼츲صİѱ仯
ͷǶ۳˰˵Ԫֻ֮Ҫ۳һԪŵԪȻںھŵԪǾһٿ뵽ɾΡ
Ҵ໹а£ܳɾɾˣһȿȥ
ˮˮЦĵ
֪˰ɣ
ЦŵڰˮˮĻɣ񣬰ˮˮѾҪ۳ھŵԪڣȷʵܿܿɾ
˵⻰Ĳû˿ı仯бɵλöȥ
ʱһ죬ǰʮ⣬ƬĹľ飬һʮСŮСɷףڳܣ˺ʱһһ˺ǣܣ


1555 ݷ
СŮȹӣСܰףľƬ飬˽Զݡ
һ̣һͷ޴ħԳ˳žɶߣͫѪһƬ׷СŮͬ׷ſɿڵʱʱһ׹⡣
Ȱ벽ɡ
һ
ͷħԳŨЩˣģǴڤޡ
ܰǣ
СŮˣ󺰵ȴǺࡣ
ôţСŮҧҧı䷽򣬳һλóȥ
ʹǲɵöݡ
СŮޣĵز

ͷСŮԭܵķǳ߶˿ȴı䷽ȻǲΪ׷ԼԳĹϵ۵һˡ
ΪСŮԳľһΡ
໣
Գâˣӿ硣
ΪСŮı䷽ԭֻתۼѣԳ׷ϵСŮ̽һֻצŮץȥ
㲻
ɫ
ǵһʱ䶯ˣŲһΣٶޣ˲ǳСŮǰһѽСŮֻȭȫԳȥ
תۼ䣬ȭͷԳ̽צײһ
飡
һҵ죬ըһ㡣
ԳݺݵһΣŵĺԶ
ǸӵǱСŮǺɶֻоӳȭͷԳצײϣǺͼ᲻ɴݵʥײһ㣬ֱһʹɳȥʮɣһײʮ޴Ĺľסͣ
㡭û°ɣСŮ죬ʵֿڣҲǿܵôˣɵ𣿣ͷӺ׵ģ
콫СŮ£ЦԷСԴ
СŮͷԳӣЩ֡
ҪǲɾͱǴӳԵˡ
˵
СŮղűͷȰ벽ɵԳ׷󣬱ѾΣˣǣΪ˲ǣ֪ǿиı䷽ʹüøΣգȴôˣˣôŶԷѣҪŶԷѣͲˣҲⲻȥ
ವģˮˮС̫ʱȫ˹СŮȻ󣬶һ
𣡡
ƵԳŭһ˫ͫ׾޴ɭͬһҷ
סһˣĿСŮϣֱӳǰ
Ǵ뿪סȻǡ
԰ˮˮС̫
ͷԳǳǿ濹⣬ΪǼǱȱĽǶֻ֣ǿס¶ԷðˮˮС̫ȴСŮ뿪ǰȫѰ
ˮˮȻ˼СŮС̫һ뿪
Сİ
СŮˮˮ뿪ͷǳࡣ
һЦСŮ˻֣ʾԷõġ
𣡡
ԳСŮˮˮ뿪˫Ŀ׿񣬵СŮ׷ȥ
ߣԳһչʩչޣһ泯Գϡ
ˣ
µһȭȸղһȭǿ࣬ԳƵֹס׷СŮΣòһȭӦԣΪȭͷϵдɫ磬һЩΣյĸо
ɫצӭһȭ
飡
һ죬ȭͷԳצײһɫͻɫ͵졣
ֱǺɣоȭͷˣ棬ԳȴֻǺݺݵĻһ¶ѡ
ǿ
찵ͷԳǿ̫ˡ
𣡡
Գ죬֮ǰˮˮСŮ뿪ķ׷ȥ·СŮŶǳĶ㡣
׷ȥ

粽ʱٽԳǽ߶ޣһɫ粻䣬ͷԳ
ɫΪݻаħ඼żĿãԳģʮֱ꣬ȻɫǳͬʱҲΪ콫ûȥ׷СŮ
𣡡
˻ӿһɫ硣
ʹľƶԷǶԷʵȴίʵЩ£ȫ߶ȴ˿˲Էֻǽ׹ǿԶԷһЩŶѡ
𣡡
Գ죬оĤҪˣɵҲסԷ
УķٶȱǿľˣԳȴʼһҲûܣֻǱ֮͵֮ǣ
ģķѵĸ࣬ҪɿˣɫЩ԰ףΧĹľâԳٵһƬһƬ汻һƬһƬ
תۼ䣬ʮȥоˮˮѾСŮԶ
ˡ

н֯â콣նһƥĽâԳٺˣǲתۼ仯һ磬Զȥ
Գʵǿᣬɱ쾹ˣٶȿľˣգۼʧҰУһŭĵرǱƬ

˦ԳûȥñǳԶԶԶĿ˰ˮˮСŮС̫һαһ˽ǰ
ͷԳܻ׷Ƕı伸׷
˵
£һ뿪λãڹͬķ󣬷һ̶ǰС
𣡡
ڣԶԶĴԳ˷ŭȻͬԤϵİ㣬֮ȥ׷ˣȴû׷
źԶĵطԳŭһЦԳŭԶǴλϣ˵ǾԵİȫ
лл㰡
СŮлȻʮ꣬࣬ȴԶͬĺӳ죬ΪǴΡ
첻òпһʮСŮΪȻ߶ȣǿмֱɵˡ
ȴܾȣΪڵʿ̫ˣ̤·һʼԶԶǿͨУʮﵽ߶ȣҲǻ
û¡СŮҡͷʾõлʵ㣬ôһˣôôͷ׷󣿡
ԣˮˮҲǿСŮ
СŮζС֣һ걦ݳУϽ֯˿˿ƵԣЩĵҲ꼫²ݣȥһ·׷ң˵ţС΢ȡһűүү͵ݷ޵ٶȣҪȻҾ͵ȥˣ
˿СŮеļ²ݺݷǲɵöݡ
У²ݿ׳꾫ǿǣֵʮ־ˣɶرݷҲǷǳʿϺ˲ϢԼαʿٶȣҲýϵǿ߲пƵĳֵʮֲơ


1556 
˶ǶݣСŮôһڣȻѰһ꼫²ݡңСŮȻݷȱȱȻûʲôµĹȴܼ޵ٶȣǳĲֵܲơϾǿֻнɾϵǿ߲Ƶĳһ˿òȱ
ҽãþͺáСŮģ죺أ֮ǰѾʹˮˮˣʱ֡
졣
򵥵
õͷСϴЦֵлţлл죡ҪְãͷӶˡ
˵лˡ
Цҡͷ
õ˵ٴллӦõģҲҪġôĵһᣬͻȻѾ谵ɫգգۣ˵ǸԲ𰢣ûȥɽһȻ͵ûȥˣȻүүᵣġ
Ҫһ𣿡
ʵ
СŮ䲻󣬲ĵȴܲҿͦ£Ҳܿɰͦϲġ⸽Ĵɽڣǿ޲٣СŮΪֲߣСŮٴΣա
ȻĳΪģĵİɣûģүүúܶ౦ֻҪòϰ벽ϵĹΣգղͷֻǸءָŲԶһɽҪҵĶɽ֮ǰͷӣүүǰ˵ĹҲֻɼκβõġ
쿴һǳŵӣҲǾ͵˵ͷΪԷġ
ллѽҲллǡֺлҲͰˮˮ˵лǳòþȻ֪ʲôˣԺлᣬûٳģȥ档
֣Űˮˮ˻֣Ǿܿˣٶȷǳ죬һξûӰ
쿴뿪ķЦЦкˮˮС̫뿪бɵķȥ
طбɲԶ޲޼£ԣŲǷŵĺܻȥŰʱ䣬ǻصбɡ
ʱֵ峿̫պ
Ǹ˻ˣ
Ǻ˵Ըβֻ֪ʲô
ΣΪİɣǿŵһ˴죬ŵ־ܺŵŵӶԿǸǿЦңһΣܹ֮ŵǸܻǺҲΪǰӡµĴĹϵԲܻĶ֣ϾŰ벽ɡ
⵹Ҳǡ
һΣֻˡ
ǰ
бڣһЩӼ죬鶼Ǳúܹ죬Сۡ
첽бɣȻǿЩӵ΢ԵЩ档
Ҳû̫⣬ֱԼľȥ
ˮˮԱߣһľȥ
ߣǣ
ʵ
ڻȥ̫ˣ̩Ͼһѣȥ档
ˮˮգ۵
Ŷžȥ
ܿ죬ͰˮˮС̫ľǰŲһͣľǰͣ
ȥѡµľһƬưܣ¥ٳԺӱ÷ǳƣĴԽһġڡ֣Ľ⽻֯ܡ
˭ģ
ŭ
졢С̫бɵľȴȻ㱻˻ٵ
ڴǵ̤ǵϣ
ѽ
С̫ĽţԵú
̫ˣ
ˮˮҲ
ɫͳʱŸŲŵڳָָ㣬֣һץ˹˭ģ
ӺһͬһռбɣֻǴڣʱץӭı飬𲻾ǰбһϵ£ɵô˸ԵЩη壬µǣŵһĶʦ֣ʦһ㡭֮ǰǰŵܻŵʦǾ̫ſˣҪҪһ档
ſ񣿸Ҿ棿
䡣
һ͡ǣܻʦҲҲʦеһԱŵʦǾãһաŵӵܣŵĵӣ̫Ű裬ŵ棬ͬʱľٵ档
ˮˮС̫ԣߡ
Ǹܻ£ˣͳŰ裬ŵĵһ棿˭ţ˭ڰ裿
ˮˮߡ
Ⱥ˵
ƿڴ
ɫȻץĻӷŹֱ뿪
ȥţ

бɣǧӣĶǴɳڣôһֻΪͬΪŵӵܻɱʱһ٣ǽǵľٵ棬ѹչʾŵѹɴ̡
٣ֻһǳ΢С£ȴغǵϡ
ţ
צһӣһö죬Ȼ֮ǰͨ񵤡
ȥţȻȥʲô̸УԸ񣬾Իᶯ֣ŵǧˣĶɳڣǿ۷壬ǿ죬ǱȱĽҲǧɼŵӵĶ֣ԣֱӽͨ񵤶졣
ǿöͨʮսǱȱĽԿԺɨǧŵӡ
סͨ񵤣Уû˿ͣ٣žȥ
ˮˮС̫
졢С̫ˣˮˮȻҲǲˣΪ졢С̫ѣǵľǰ㱻˻ٵȻҲǷǳߡ
һʱ䣬޶ǴԵŭݣ㳯žȥʱʹбߵĵӶһ
ĺ⣬򣬺ážȥˣ⡭
ѵҪȥЩŵۣ
ţ񰡡
бɣǧŵͬʱ֣ٵľԾ棬£Ȼͱбɵ֪ʱбһڵӿĳžȥжǲɵúݺݿһ¡
ģҪȥſ˵ļư
ˣЦɣŰ벽ɼȥžЩ˿ɸɣǧˣٷŭٲʣҲǵ޴°ɣ
ȻˣǡƣǼ򵥵ȥ۵ģ
жǴžɫ
ߣȥ
˵
£˶ԶԶĸ󣬳ŵӵľȥ
Ȼоĵһ˸󣬵ȴ˿Ҳ⣬ɫıǳ䣬žȥͬʱֱͨӷ¡
֮ûȥãһƬǰŵһһǿӡвĵƣÿһǳ޴ǧ֮࣬Ȼŵӵľÿһŵһŵӵľžǿ̫ˡ
졢ˮˮС̫ߵֱӿž
žڣŵӣһŵӼ˵΢㶣漴ϳ죬һɫĴҲܲµ쿴ԼľٵĻ棬֪ԼľǱŵ٣Цĺˣٵľһ棬̫ţԴ˺ܲ񾹸Ҵطҡ
ৣ
ƿһ죬˲ǰֱӴ˵Ļһȭ
һ˵һȭҷڵأдѪݱȫˡ


1557 
һȭǲᣬ濴ȥ˻ȫݣͬһʱ䣬ԷҲȫˣϾֻǴɳڣս˾ͲǶ֣οͨʮսºԷһȭ֣һȭԷֱӸɱ

̲סҽгֻһȭѣܵ˺ʱӿѪҲѪһȭ֮£ֱʧȥеж
̧ȣһŽԷߵԱߡ
ڱסǰ£ôô򣡡
ĵ
ʵϣòк߹ȥ˲䣬ֱӶ֣צӺݺݵкӣһҲ
СһҲ
кС̫
С̫Ȼǻ˹ȥСצӶŻһкƮƮģÿ¶ûʹİѪ
󣬰ˮˮҲǳ˹ȥһҲ̧޳ȾǺݺһš
ӵԹ˭öԷ졢С̫ԹأǷǳķѵĵˣԼĵˡ

ӱһȭĺ޷ֱˮˮС̫ΧʹᣬʹĲҽһһ
žΧһ˵ֵһȺӣȫˡ
⡭
ǣȻ
ֱӴŵӾȥ˴֣
𺧡
ЩˣǶ֪ľŵһָˣΪܻһڵӾŵӵϣҪһ档·˶ΪֻϾ컹ֻǰ벽ɾŵӶѣҲܺǧɼŵӿ⣬ٶĲԹޣҲֻһԵʵȥ
ȻЩҲû뵽ǣ֪º󣬾ֱӴŵӵľеŵӾͶ֣ǿƵ̬˶⣬ûϵһĻ
ңһȭҲһʿĲֻһȭѣһʧȥ˷
ֱ
ãǿǣҲ̫̫˰ɣô£
⡭
ľ
һŵӣ㴳ŵӾŵӴ֣бɵĴʷϣɻδ
飡
飡
飡
һƺ߻صС̫ͰˮˮΧŻӣϵº֡
Ǿά棬иƨ棬
ѽ
ǿ㲻˳ۡ
С̫ͰˮˮΧŻӺᣬȺӽеĸҡ
зִ磬û˼ӵÿһγֶǡôÿһζʹλùûӵĲҽԽԽ죬ԽԽҡ
ƣܿʹžŵӽ֪£ʱþطŵӣȫ˳ŭ
һ˶죬̹ǣǺôĵӣˣ˵ţֱӶ֣һѳץȥƵһ棬㾹֪ڸģҴطԽԽſ㲻ã
ܽͬΪŵӵĻӻˣЩԾȴֻΪǻ̫⣬Ϊ˵ŵӵǿõǻӴ֮£ϳ˴ǿشԶ
ʱ֣ѹȥֱƵܹ
ûκηϻٶȿ쵽㣬һѱס˳ǿľܡ
ֵ˴󾪣쾹Ȼһǿʢ㡭
ۣ
ݺֱӽ˵ķ飬ѪˮƮƬС
壬ܿǿߣ̷ͨ񵤺Ҳǵʮˣ˵ֱ˵ֱۣͺͰβһס
Ͼֵ˺֮ǰĻһҲֻǴɳڶѡ
ʵϣбɵǧŵУȻҲԴɳڵĵ࣬ռŵ֮ҡ

ֵ˷ҽУֱۣͬʱע֮һɹʱ⣬
̧ȣһŽߵԱߡ
С̫ͰˮˮպĻȥʱ߹һˣ㶼ΧȥݺݵĶк

߹˷ĲҽС
һĻطֵһŵӸΪ֮ɫ
һһɼŵʧȥôôǿǴڰ벽ɾ
˿죬¶ı顣
ǰŵӣ춼ֻһͽĶԷʧȥзʹ˶Ϊ֮Ĳ
̫˼ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬žڣһŵҲǸʧɫǶһϳ죬֪ǲǰܻǸŵŵӣǰЩʱһȥľһŵŵӣҽΪŵӵܻ˵ǰأЩŵӵ棬ǻٵľԴ˸һ档
ȴǲ룬ʱȻֱӴžңζ֣׻ŵеˡ
ܿ죬һŵӵɫñŵӾǧŵӣɼһ벽ɼŵӣȻ㴳סˡ
̫ˣ
һ벽ɼŵӣȻ£ŶԿ
Ķ
һŵӺȵʮŵһ֣ӿ
ңɵ֯
⽫ֵһŵӸļ£ʮһ֣ǵЩˣʱֹסĲֻо궼б˰㡣
ϾЩŵӣų϶ֻͨ㾳Ϊɼε˲ʵ̫ԶˣǿߵһƵѹ
ʮһ֣ˣεˣ
Ĳ
ʱʮɼŵӵɼܣȫѹǰ
ɫ䣬ʮɣֻǳɶѣ۳˵ԪսͲͨɳʿټʮӵսʮɳڵһͲС
ʩչݻһ󣬻ǽ⡢ǵâӰɽͬʱʮɼŵӭϡ
һ˫ײݻ˲ʮŵӼɼܣʮȫĿѪɣ˶ǲɵ÷ҽ֮
ﬣ
֣ƬâԻͬǽһʮȫᴩ뽫Щ˶ڵر֮ϡ
ңΪȽâֱдϵǵӿʮڣҵãʮȫʧȥж
⡭
ôɻ᣿
ܣ
˴󺧡
ʮɼŵһ֣Ҫһѹ죬ǻɱ죬ɽȴǱһͬʱɨˣȫԽâڵر֮ϡ
ǿʮɰֻǰ벽ɾΪôһʮɸ
һ𾪣ŵӾڵһŵӣҲһĻıɫ


1558 նŵһ
һ벽ʿոսŻһ£ȻһʮŵӣԽâʮ˶ڵرϣʵ𺳣̫ˡ
ǿʵıҩ
ŵӺȵ
İ벽ɣǿҲǿȳ̶ȣ赭дľͽʮɻˣͲܣЩŵֻ뵽ĳֶʵı˲ʵ
ǿʵıҩ
⡭
ֻܽͨΪڰ벽ɾȴ˿µս
һʿڵŵӵĻһӾͨΪǿ
ǱֳԾΪܶʵıֵǷǳ׵ģһŵӣȻı
쿴žһŵӣĮûκζĻһǳһ˿ȥ̧־һȭ
ЩˣΪܻȥɱһ٣Ǽŵӣľٵ棬չʾŵӲɴϣ̣Щ˴û££ڼ̤ǵϡ
¹ϣá
ˣ
ӳһȭȭƺţһ㣬ҪһС
ģʮŵɣһȭ֮£Ѫ
һȭʮŵӡ
ž⣬һŵļ£ܲµĳֱҩǿʵʱɲɵ𺳣սίʵЩ¡
ŵһͷʱֱӳһŵڡ
Ķ򵥴ֱֻǻȭÿһȭӳһɷǳ˵ȭ硣
飡
飡
飡
ȭһһŵӱҵĺɣѪ
еһЩɳڵŵӣֻǰһȭǾԶʵȭ̫ˡ
С̫ͰˮˮҲžű䷭ڵһʱվŵӣವֱӱ˹ȥʹЩˡ
ǡ
ˣǾҡ
ģǸˣס
ŵӲҽУ䷭ڵûзֱӱˮˮС̫Χʹᣬȭȭ⣬צצʹ
һŵУȭͷϻӳ֮ŵҲǶ֣һȺ󱻺䷭
ҪСڷʵıҩҪٽǰ벽ɣ
һϣѹ

ŵӺȵ
һʱ䣬ɵ֯ƺƵĳѹȥˡ
ɫʼĮӡһչӭϡ
תۣ˫ֱͨײһ𣬱һһɿµ
ط浱ըˣѷͬ֩һ㳯ӿȥƬڵһЩŵӵľֱӱȴ±ķ顣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮţһŵȺ󵹷ɣʮӵս߶ӡ£Եֵס
⣬Ա˶սȻǿȳ̶ȣ
Ĳ
Ҳʱһ
ž⣬һΪ׵һ꣬絶ɫĮ
һǳǿˣѪǸˣҲǿ
ǡͣ
ŵӵһˣ۷ĳţܿܳΪ洫ˡ
ˣ˵ŵĳλɼϣ壬һЩ洫Ӽܿ
ž⣬һЩʿۣŶͣ϶ļɵ;η
ʦ֣
ʦ֣ڻˣ֮ǰʦǸһѵĸһ棬ȴǲ֪ڸģ䱾ȻֱӴȻĳǿʵıңǡ
ʦ֣ϳ
ŵŵӼͣޱء
ɫĮɨһ۱䷭һŵϣĿϣɫûʲô仯Į
һ޶õȻ˿ûнУȻ䷭ôŵӣҲ·ֻһֻϡ
ΪŵӣҽֻǸһСС棬ϧƺδֱӴٴγŵӡΪ³ΪΣ
죬ûпıֳ̬߰ȴһۻڸԼĳӣ·һһС
˸ӣקʲôק˻ǵľΪô۸ģ

˸ӣ
С̫͡
˸ӡ
ˮˮǻ
ž⣬һŵӿС̫Ͱˮˮļ£ֻС̫ͰˮˮʵǵЩʣǸ͡

ʦ˵
ǣ
һŵӽǱĿС̫Ͱˮˮ
Źͷˡ
һŵҡͷЦ
Щ˱Ƚǿ󣬶Ǵڡ
ϵıû̫ı仯ȴԱñһЩеɱ⣬ڡ
ûʲôˣȻطͶǰǹ񫡣
Įĵ
ıĮûһ仰ֱӶˡ
ǲ߶ޣҲһʩչʹ˲仯һ磬ֱŶͿȥ
⡭
Ƕͣ
ͿǴ۷壬ⱦҩǿʵҲ۷Ķ͵Ķְ
泯Ŷͳȥž⣬һ˶ǲɵɫһ䡣
ͼû˿仯Įдŵâ
ŵӣ벽ɣңǵһӺܴҲ޴
һҲ͵δС
һŵҲЦ
Ϊǣѻʯ
Щ˷̡
ٶȷǳ죬Įڶ͵˵Ļ˿Ҳ⡣
ֻתۣǿ絽ͽǰ
ҲʱһһɫĶϽУһʱɢĽϢĽƺƵ
͵Ĵ֮ɫ̼ʧݣΪɫϽ㡭
ﬣ
һ̶Ľ϶͵Ļ
źɫϽʮӵս콣Ŷͺնһ
һĿĽ⣬Լٷնڶϡ
ۣ
ʺѪˮĽ͵ǺɣһĻѺۡ
ʦ֣
žһŵʧɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ž֮⣬ֵһŵҲǽԱ䡣
죬һŵӵһ˵Ķͣ
ǣǡ
˵ĿеĺɫϽϣһ̲סɴ˫ۡ
ҲǿеĶϽΪ֮ɫһ䡣
нϢ֯⣬桭ǽ
һأǲȱģơҲ³
⡭ȻĽǿߣҲôһڱһ벽ɣȴȻ
һʿ𾪡


1559 ɨ
еĶϽž⣬иֵŵȫסˣһ벽ɣȻһڲȱĽһڳر
ͬһʱ䣬žڣһǿŵȻҲǿеĶϽǸɫ
㣬㾹ȻС
Щŵ𺳣ЩŵӣĶɳڣǿ۷壬ǿıȴҲֻ۷ѣ죬ֻһ벽ɶѣȴȻһڲȱĽ
ǲȱģҲǼΪ£޵ˡ
ɨЩˣ̧һΣеĲȱʱһ̶ĽХ
ﬣ
ܼĽâһʱ䵴ƬĽͬˮһ㳯һնȥ
ȽâЩ£ԵʮսϲȱĽնһɼʿǵֵסֻգ۶ѣƬŵӱᴩͬһɡ
һĻžһŵӸľ⹥̫ˡ
䣡
Զǿܳ𣬱һնɵĶվĿޱɭͬһ㣬ҪᴩһɷǳµɱƵ

ϸâԻɵһԻ
ŵһˣȻ벽ɵŵһˣ
һʱ䣬һɷǳֲĲʱƵ˶ĲȻһЩڵŵӣҲĶһ£оʱŭˡ
ŭʦ֣ԱսһڲȱҲֻ
һŵӺ
Įһֱۣһһâ˲Ϣ
ڵŵӾŭ㡭
ۣ
âٶȿ켫ŵӸֱܲӱᴩؿڣѪˮĽ
䣡
ܽ֯ʱ򣬶ϵϢˣ֯⻪ΪһڶУ۷ƷɵҲǷǳˣʮֿ¡
죬ʱˣȻвȱҲ˿ںڵϢսҳŲȱҪǿ࣬Ҫɱ졣
ӭŶɱ첻ܣӭϡ
ˣ
ֻͼ𣬵һʱɢǿʥĹâʥͼ㡣
ңͬһʱ䣬һ֯תۼ۳ɴֻͼ
ֻͼһ̼ѣһѹµĲɢؾ𶯡
һ̣¡¡ģֱײһ



ӿطһı飬ϣпµĴ鿪
漴һ̣һӰǱĺɶȾѪȻǶͣɵֱӱˣ£һβѺۣѪˮӿ
ʦ֣
ܣ
һŵʧɫŵǿˣɵ򣬿ȴɱһˣڿѪɵӲ顣
ͬһʱ䣬ž⣬һڿֵŵǣҲǺȻ

ͱɣŭħɵһμ
ҲʱӰǰֳźɫϽ£ֳִֻͼѹ£ʮսܴ߶ڶϡ
ۣ
ٴαɣеĺɫϽ£顣
ֱ׷ϺɶĶͣɫϽ¡
ﬣ
һĽâӺɫϽлֱֱڶϡ
۵һһΣ͵ֱӱķ飬ԭըһѪ

תۼؾ۳
Ÿո۳ĺɫϽȥ
ɫϽΪһڲȱĽƿǷǳĿ£ѹ£һνؾ۳Ķķ顣
ŵӣǵľΪ˲ʲô
䡣
˵⻰ȴǲ飬ʮսֻͼͺɫϽһδεĻ£ÿһζͲŸؾ۳һαն顣
ģ͵ϢԽԽ񱩶Ĺ̲סҽУͬһ㱻ڵأԶ
̧ȣһؿڣڶԷһҽУĶԷʡ
⡭
Σʦ֡
ôܣ
˶ˣһĻĺȻɫ
ŵӣ۷ĶͣȻ㱻Ļ˹ȥ
ƫͷŴӶؿƿһŵӡ
طŵӺܶ࣬ûе£źɫϽٸŵӱȥ
ƻС̫ľЩ˶зݣ˭Ҳֵá
ﬣ
кɫϽһŴ̶ХܼĽ⾶ֱնٸŵӡ
תۼ䣬Ѫâ䣬һŵӺɡ
ЩŵӽԺǿĶɼΣڱԶսɳʿµʮսвȱ۷ŵһ˶ͶĻЩͨŵӣοܵס

ŵӵĲҽУϴ
һĻžֵһŵӾ
󣬺ܿ죬طڳĹУڷ£һٶȣ˲Ϣ䴫бɣ˴󾪡
ʲôǸ죬¼ŲõǸŵӣΪ٣һ˴ȥˣŵһ֣ңս˶ͣ
һŵӣ벽ɼΪȻܴǸŵһĶͣ
⡭
ߣȥ
Ҳȥ
£ʿžȥ
ͬʱΪʵֵЩȻǳϸڵһͨ϶ˣһŵӾŵŵһ֣£бɵʷϿǴδ
һžһ鳤ϸڵһŻеĽ֯⣬ⳤϸ˳ȥ
ǧС˰
ֶӱһŵӴĻܲ
ߣһȥ
ϸڣһЩϣҲȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һʮСŮб룬һȹӣԵúܿɰҲбɷڵ¡
죿ɣôɣ
СŮЩԾæŵӾȥ

бž

죬㡭
ˣŲŹģ
ҽžصźɫϽԵʮս߶ĽⷽžƵǰ벽ɾ޵УûһŵӿԵסһһնɣҽŭвϴ˷
ĮһҲûУϳ֣âһնն˷
£Ҳ£ЩŵӣС̫ľ̤ǵϣ
ó
գҪŵеȫſ£
飡
飡
飡
ƺͲҽϣһŵӱɨɣѪˮ䣬Ϸ
ƬŵӾȻûһȴѾȾѪ
󵨣
ʱһԶͬ˰㣬˵ĽϢ


1560 ټ
һԶ˵ĽХѹž
ֻת۶ѣʮնգŵӵľڣɢŵѪǷǳˣʮڳҵĻ¯㡣
ǡǣ
һʿԱɫ
ͣ¶֣ʱնʮߡ
ʮУһ죬ʮǰʱɨƬȾѪˮŵӾŵɵڵϣܿ쿴Զ˻ʵĶͣеһĨĺâ
ȴ⣬ʮ߳Ծ֮ǰѾ֪£֪ôһŵӴŵӾҽŵһĶͶ˻ʣʱֳԿһɵڵصŵǣطȾѪˮĵ棬ɻ̲סľ
ǣ˸ռŲãֶΣŵеһˣΪˣҵֻǸһССľ棬ȴֱӴž̶ǿʵıҩһȱɽţܷŹ볤ΪһҪĴ
һŵӵ
Įһﲻ˵Ķȸ״û˿
һȺŵӣһŵӴĲܻ֣ʲôɣһɳܵ£˵ĳɳΪȻҲӶˡ
ˮˮ
һȺѣǾû
Ц

С̫ĸ͡
ڵŵӶʱɫһͣһӱ
ͬһʱ䣬һЩŵɫҲǱúܲÿնûġ
ˣʮУһϮ۵ĳɫĿϣǿ֪
֪ʳϣк
쿴Ż۳ϣɲ䣬¶ԷǽɣҲû˿η塣
۳ɫ䣬Ϊŵӣţͬţ˵Ƿʲô
ֻǴˣΪβ֮ǰһ֣ٵǾͼ̤£ǲ֪£ǹⲻ𣿡

Ǵžˣֵڣ˲֪µǰ
кεɣ޷ͬŶʵ
۳ϱȻϣ֪µǰ
𣿳ϵ˼ǣǶֵȷģҲ

ʲôʶγϣ֮ǰڵŵӺȳ죬ߵγϣλϣǿ˸űǾſȺͬŵӣ񻹸ʳϣſͶԳǰ󲻾ϳͣ
ԣȴۣγϣɨһԶĻȥĶͣЦγؾǶ͵Ǹ壬ôºҴǱ㲻ˣ
һ˵биɾĳ壬һЩ洫Ӷ֮ܿŵӺΪγϣټϻ۳ط⿴˻ʵĶͣʱ˲Ͳ³ߵݣԾǶ͵Ǹ壬Ϊ˶ͣ˹ⲻµٲȻΪͱҪԸ
㾹ȻҶײϣ
ڵǸŵٴκȳ⡣
ֱ̧֣նһוּһգ۱㽫ڵŵӹᴩĶԷɵ÷ҽ֮ʵնһǿǿʮӵսϲȱնһ
ֻȮ͵һȥ
ĵ
һĻһʿļ¡
⣬졭
ʳϣײϣųϵŵӣ⣬ֱ
̫̫ǿˣ
һЩʿɵö¡
۳ΪǧףȷʵǶ͵壬ҲȷʵΪ֪ͱĻʶ⺮⣬Ȼ֪ǶʹȣҲҪҪ졣ʱײ棬԰ȳŵӶ֣ȫûнУеɱ⡣
ͬţײϣһ
ǧ׺ֱֳ̧ѹȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģϢ֯ޱȿ񱩵Ĳֱѹ졣
ǧϿŶǧ׶ѹ죬ûʲôӦǿΪʵıȱһŵûзһǧףΪʵıͲȱʹһŵӣǾǳǿɲʧš
ڵľȴǣԿǽʵıͲȱɽһŵûзԣȻʱ֪첢ûκδҲδǧɱ졣ϾǧųϣȻҪǧһЩӵģһŵӵȻ⡣
¡¡ģת۶ѣǧ׵Ĵѹǰ
ĽϢܣԶϢǿ
Ǹов˿⣬еĲȱ޵ֵ
飡
һ֮£ɣѪ
ʮսвȱ벽޵Уȴкͽһսס
죡
ˮˮɫС̫Ҳæ˹
ϲĶ㹷յֶӴȣȴȻԸǣ
ŭ
ǧɫɭٴζ֡
һΣϽ֯ĽŨѹ£졣ͬʱһƣҲˮˮС̫һסȻҪȫĨɱ
ǿĽϢ˽Ϣ
һĻһŵЦһˣʮֵĽޡ
ס֣
һһӰԡ
һʮСŮһȹģЩɰ
ǧ׵ɫһ䣬ѹµĻӡֹס
ͬһʱ䣬ǧһڳҲǱɫ
ʱȻҲǶ죬ȻϵСŮ
ô
쿴СŮʵСŮ֮ǰǻʱãʱñһͷǿԳ׷ɱ־˶Է
ˣʹʹ
ûлش⣬ʱǵѪˮĵʵ
ǵѪЦû¡
ವϣǧڣʮɳȫת۶ǰ
ãôûүүһһԲЦǺǵģȻֿ죬Щɣʵǣʶ
һЩϿãҲЦݣӣҪͰжͰҲֿһˣǿȥúƺʶ
һĻطһ˸ۡ
СŮ˭оȥѣȴȻһڳ
˾ȡ
졢ˮˮС̫ҲЩ죬Կʮɼų϶õ̬ȷǳºͣ˵Ѿһּɵ
ÿʮųϣȴûʲôɫĿڶǧϣָŶǧ׵ҿˣõľˣ㾹ȻԵʮ۸ã۸ã۸үү۸үү۸бɵĴʼʼ棡۸бɵĴʼʼ棿


1561 ǸԴ
õĻǧ˲оͷƤ飬õĻ۸бɵĴʼʼ棬ֱǸһʦ桱ĴñӰ
ǵãңҾǺЦǲСĲŴ
ǧڨЦŽͣղͺͲ֪ɵ
ʱֱڵĳӶˣҲû뵽쾹ȻõľˣҪ֪ĻٽʮӣҲҶ춯ְΪǰλбɴʼʼֱϵˣүүǾɾ磬бɵĵһ̫ϳϣΨһŮ۰Ĳˣƽռ䣬Ȼбɵƽ̼ҲÿͿģһСǵá
㵱۾Ϲ𣿿ڶ֣Ӧɱ
øˡ
⣬ҡ
ǧһʱ
쿴ãЩ죬ղŻĿɱĶǧףʱʮҵֻãȻļӣֱèһ
ˮˮС̫ȻҲǳԾ
СŮС

ͬһʱ䣬žһڵҲǸһ֮ǰǧ׸ϵ˶ˣȴû뵽ʱͻȻһСŮԼľˣŭǧףǧɳϣȻһηӡ
ǧɫЩ΢ףһ£Ǹã¡һ˴˴ȺŵӣͷΪϣǾһЩŷԡ
㻹˵ֻΪʲô֪𣿣ŭ;Уʲô˵ˣûǸʹ£ֶӣǲΪͱ˹鷳
ңҡ
ŭԼǧ׵ɫø԰˼֣亹ð˳
ÿǧԱߵʮϣǣղΪʲô֣մöڶʱľ˵ǲ֪֪ûдǶͺŵ£ȴ춯֣ǲ춯֣Ǻһ죬Ҳ۸ãǻ쵰
⡭
ңǡ
Ǹã⣬⡭ڲǻúõ𣿻ûء
ԶԶԣڻúõء
Ǿǡ
ŭԼˣʮɫˣ£ȫЦ
λбɵĻڰһϼϵˣ˭֪һ£Ǿǣбڣɵɾĵһ̫ϳϣҲǰλ
û£۾ϹѪˣʮָŶǧ׺ʮϣǣȫǸ
ܣһбɵԣǲɵһ
һСŮŭʮɳϣʮôһŵǸ˵ɴۡ
쿴ʮãȻ˿̻֪õľݣȴ֪бڵܴΪŭʮɾϣȻʮǸάоůġ
Էǧ׵ʮȴɫ΢䡣
ãңǡ
ʮϵɫǱúܲÿЩ˹ΪһϣɼΪһŵӵǸһǵһڵӵǸˣԺǵҪ飿
ǲԸ⣿
ŭʮˡ
һָ̣ӡ̼䣬бɶҡӡһʱ佻֯鲼бÿһգһ˵ɱ˲ɢ˳Ҫһжնһ㣬ʹط˶ǲɵһ
ɱ󣡡
ŵӺݺ˿Һ
ǣбɵĻɱ󣿡
Ҳݣɱɼ۷ɱвͨɡ
ãԾˣȻӶǧ׵˵̬пбܴ󣬵Ҳû뵽ȳ̶ȣȻܿбɵĻɱ
Ҫ֪һŵĻɱһԿֻƽ̺̫ϳϲƿذ
䣡
һܼɱƸֲֶɱƵбɶҡΡ
ֲɱ⣬š
ŭʮϣҪǲǸþɱǣ
ʮ⻰ʱëбɵĻɱ󰡣۷弶ɱȺС壬ܿסɱ󣿣
ǵǸ͵Ǹ
£ʮȫһĻûУȫ죬Ǹ̬ĲУһ㶼װһֱ⻤ɱǣҪգ۾͵ȫꡣ
һĻܵбɵȫۣһЩ˼ɵðʮɼųϣһŵӵǸˣһŵӵǸ
ȺСĽǸҾʮҲǾͦˬ
ãɡ𣿡
ʮɫЩס
ýɼųϣȴǵһͽ棬һŵӵǸǵ棬Ƕˡ
УǧʮϼֱĲУȻǲǶǲңΪǧΪǧ׶춯֣ҪǧӶûǵãᱻƵһŵӵǸ
ǧʱǱĲУ޲̽ŪѣȻһƸιȥ˭ãȻȥõľˣѿ
ÿʮϣĿڶǧϣ㶯ˣֻǵǸδһ꣬Ӧٺ»㲻죬ʹ˰ᣡ
ǧһΪŵĳϼôȻ٣ÿ¶żߵٺ»һٺ»ǿǼֵˡ
ġ
˵ǿһЦܣȴ˿ԹԣȴְѶ͸ݺݵһ٣޲ʱ߹ȥݺݵ߶ͼš
⡭
һĻطһбɵ΢һϵٺ»ǿƽ̺̫ϳϲʸ£һʮҵСŮֱô˵ˣΪϼĶǧףȴһĲС
úһĿӶǧ׵뿪žڵһŵӣǵˣˣ˵Ĺе֪һУǶδǰŸǵһԴǣ
⻰žڣһڻѵŵӸɫһףһ
ͬǿеЩʹһ㣬ڵţҲµһԴӵȼԽߣ䵽ԴԽԽмֵ౦ҩȣбһŵȡԴǾǼֵơ
û⣡ģۣݺݵĿۣ
ԣ
øȺСһѵ
һΣһڳõĻ󵱼ǵͷΪЩŵǵ죬÷ŭܵǣǺ޲ȺûµŵӣбɵĻڿҪЩŵδԴһԸ⡣


1562 ǰʮƴ
бڵӵԴ棬ƽؼ䣬һֱŵͨڹʱõĻͶЩŵûʹԼҲܵǣʮϵδʱڳŵӵԴ
һʱ䣬ŵӾһŵŵӸɫǱø԰ס
ǣңңǡ
ŵӶ£ҪЩʲô
ԴȳͷԸ
˵ұ죡
гŭȵ
һŵӵһŵŵӣʱһֶ˵ˡ
죬գգ۵죬𣿡
һЦ˵ͷллá
һڳǸǧһٺ»ȥŵδԴάúů
лġҡСԴĵõľˣҲõѣ۸۸ã˵ţֵǸǵľ񱻻ٵˣǸǰһɷòã
ô˵طһбɵӶǵۡһɷ壿ɷ尡ǿŵ洫Ӳʸӵеġ
ʮԣæǰһһǿ죺Сֵܣ㿴õôҪԸ⣬̸㰲һõɷ
ʱЩɼĳϿ죬һЦǿǶùϵܺãϵϵǾǺϵĳ˵ֱȺƽϵмֵ
쿴ʮϣȻ֪ʲôȴûдǣǿããǾžѡһ׾ˡ
ãһȥѡ
õ
бɵڣбɿԸõѡҪžѡһ¾һȥѡ
ð
Ц
ɨطһŵӺʮһۣкˮˮС̫һ뿪طŵӵľȥܿԶ
طһʿԶıӰһǲɵҺ
ǸСŮ˭һڳϼɵηӣңȻƿҽ̵Ļɱֱ
Ǹ죬бڣʶȴˣˣ
⣬ǡ
ЦǸܻУΪԼиŵֳŰĽҪ죬ȴϵˣбھ߱˴ǰܵĹϵ

һطֵŵСۡ
žһڻŵŵǸɫף˽Ҫ̱ˡǼȥٵľһ棬һѵչʾŵӲɴϣȴ룬Ȼôһ֣촳һˣ˿ɵ澡ʧеŵӣñδԴȴۣʵ̫ˡ
Ժ󰲷һ㣡
гɨЩŵһۣߣһ䣬뿪ǧҲ⣬ʱȥһߵĶˣʵˡ

һ뿪žܿصŵӾѡһ¾
¾֮ǰһֻ࣬ǻû֮ǰǴλľѡ
СŮ޾Ȼǵһ̫ϳϵŮбɴʼʼֱϵˣѹЩôη壬ѹֿƿбɵĻɱ󡣡
ĵ
»صžѡ¾;Уһ˴֪бɵݡ
ҲЩ⣬Сбɵĵλ˵Ƿǳ
Сý磡
ˮˮСõ
Եúܿģû뵽ǾȻб̫ˣԺÿԾˡ
ʱ
Ц
ţ
øӿЩ
һ죬طһֱʱ֣Ǹ뿪
ҲȥˣȡڰͻƵɾ硣
ˮˮ
ѾܿҪ۳ھŵԪ۳ھŵԪɾǾûжԶľ룬գ۾ܿɾΡ
ʵϣԭŵԪںϣǿҪķʱģЩҪȱɾŵԪںϣڣȴȫҪΪ鲼ԿȡˣԣڣֻҪ۳ŵԪ˲Ϳɿɾ
ⲻò˵ķǳľˡ
ڣʿ㣬Ĳǿеȣǿ̫ˡ
ѾǴԪϵĲˡ
תۣˮˮ뿪ȥ
ҲҪŬˣȡһЩ۳ھŵԪ뵽ɲȥ

ɫ󣬺ܿ죬ɢȥ̫ٴµһ졣
һ죬С̫뿪¾ȶȥ
ʱôãǿԼǰˡ
ǰȵĹУĵ࣬죬һǰɵʵռбˡ
Դˣǲ⣬ûãԼС̫⣬ԼĵƵݸȵִ֮󣬱ǽ뵽֮ڡ
ѡһʯң֮ͬǰΰ㣬УȡԼԴСڵ곬֮С
С̫ڳһ֦ͣ£תž
һʱ䣬ֲһâ͵âת۽֯˳
漴ܿ죬ʮ˸ʱգۼš
һ죬һͬʱĵǱñ֮ǰǿʢһЩ
Ҳʱſһ죬ѿ̺ĳǱһ޸ȫĹ⣬ʹʧ
ˣȥ

ϵǲģŲģǻпήһ죬Դ˷ǳԣ곬ı飬ȻһҲ⡣
С̫ܿ뿪طصԼľ
֮ʱţһһĹȥ
һ죬бɱ䳡Ͼˣ඼ŵӡ
űȶǰʮ
Ҳ䳡ϹŵЦ
̩ϵƬÿʮ꿪һεŵأŻаҵʱͽһοг˸Ե䣬̩ʮɹͬƹܣ̩ʿȴֻʮɵĵӿԽС
ȻʮɵĵӣҲ˶ܽУҲƵģǾǣʮɵŵӺ洫ӿԽУŵǰʮ֮˿ԽȥС֮ˣеӶȥǿΪҪƽռµѹԴµŬԻýеʸ
ΪƬŵٴοдŰʱ䣬ԣһ죬бɵŵӽҪһδȣǿǰʮ֮ˡţֻǰʮ֮ˣʸƬŵȥ


1563 ˳۵
бɵŵڶ࣬˶̩ĵƬŵΪеԵűʵ̫ˣÿ˶ƬŵضáǣбɵŵУȴǽֻǰʮܹ֮ʸ룬ԣȻȻͻһıƴƬŵǰȷǰʮѡ
վ䳡һϴŵЦƽĿǰһС
б䳡ǳеʮ̨ϣÿ̨վһˣȻ֮ǰǰʮ֮ˡһ죬ǰʮ֮˽վʮ̨ϣκŵӵսʤǰʮǰܣǰʮ
ʼ
ŵǰʮƴһλɼ֧֣ʱֱƴĳϴ
֮䣬һŵӿڣѡʮ̨ϵˣս
һʱ䣬¡¡𣬸âš
սŵӺܹ֮ܶ࣬ǰͳΪǰʮȴǶǿʮ˷սŵӺܶ࣬ȴûһ˳ɹʧˡ
Ȼˣһһŵӿڣǰȥսʮˣʵ̩λõƬŵصջܴ˶
ιʲôʱȥս
䳡һ䣬ˮˮ
ʱѾ۳ŵԪɲΣȻбɵŵݣٲŵӵǰʮƴѾ߱ȥŵصʸ
Ͼȥ
쵭Ц
ʱ򣬷սԽԽˣ׼ȥսˡ
ˮˮʮ̨ʵǣ׼ս˭
ʵɳڵ˶սܣսǰʮκˣʤܣֻǣҪѡ˭սȽϺѡ
һЦĿʮ̨һϣվһꡣ
겻ǱˣȻŵھŵţ֮ǰʱһ١
ˮˮ˳Ŀ⿴ȥǷ˷ۣһǳ𡣡
㿴ڵ̨Ȼ֪Ҫѡȥսͬʱȥƹ£ȻҲ֪ġ
ҲۣҪҸսȻһ˳۵սеһˣȻǽԼ˳۵˼ȥȽϺðɣ
е
ˮˮ
һЦǰȥ
ǰʮ̨ǰսŵѾԽԽ١
վһ̨ϣдŵİɫֶЩмĿ̨µһŵӡѾ۳˵ԪɾѾûжԶЩͨŵӣսԣսʤǾ룡
һ㣬ֲһƾâǰʮ֮λû˿Ժ֮ʸ̩ĴƬŵأԵű֮壬ţкһ಻֮
һʱ䣬Ƕɵ
ŵ죬սš
ʱһ
䳡ߵڵ̨⣬һαǳ̨ϡ
ʱ䣬䳡ڣ˶ɫ
죡
ǣǸŵ죡

ⷽ䳡ϣһбɵӿ죬нǴԵļɵ֮ɫ
ǰţ϶ηãڣƿбɵĻɱһڳǸ᳤϶ǧһٺ»ҰᵱʱŵδʱһԴб𶯣˶ˮǴߣ˶֪վһбھ߱ĪˣһбɵĽɳ϶ηӼɵˡ
ң챾ʵҲǷǳǿͱ֪ʴˣ֮бڣһбͽǶηĺܣһЩ洫Ӷɵʱ̨սţȻһǲɵöݣɫ΢䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ⳡǰʮƴǸɳϣ춼һļɵ֮ɫ΢΢£ʵλоЩ£ǿбɴʼʼֱϵˣүүбɵһ̫ϳϣɾбû˸ǣбɵƽ̶λ
£ԶԶĶһЦͬսʼ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼϵ̨ϡ
̨ϣŵɫǱ쳣ѿԭѾԼܰٷְٱסǰʮλã̩ĵƬŵأѰԵ񱦣ʵȴ룬һ̣˳Ȼս
ƹ죬֪ʵģǹʤˡ
㡭㲻ʶһŴսҲʸƬŵأΪΪʲôҪμⳡȣ
죬ɵЩ£һ˿ʡ
Σ쿴ţμӣԾͲμˣ
ȷʵԸ⣬˵һȻʲôҲҲ̩ܽĵƬŵءȻԸֻҪǾԹƽĹȥƣԹƽĹȥء
ŵɫѿȴǲҶ˵ʲôݻ
ҡ䣡
ҧ
ʶбɵһž޴ˣ챾żΪǿʵһ㣬ܺһսһսֲá
ʤǰʮ
ⳡŴȵĽɳϵǶһЦ
̨ϣҲɳϵͷһЦ
϶֪ΪԷɵãȻˣ˶Ҳ໹ԭ
ŵɫɾͲÿˣǱĴ̨ȥȡλá
̨̨еһϣվһ꣬Ϊŵʮת˷ս½ǰʮ⣬ҲŴȵĹ֮ڣսʧܵԭǰʮ֮ˣսܺ󣬿Ÿǰʮ֮˷սֻҪʤˣǿ»صǰʮ֮С
䣡
£˵ںڵ̨š
󣬺ܿȥӡ
飡
һ죬ŵ屻ȥ
ôܣ㡭
֮꣬ɫ֮ǰǾŵʮǱģ䣬˷սԭΪǱʤɣȴû뵽Ȼˣ֮ǰŵʮ˸̨
ߣ
ߣţȻ֯˵ԪĲ
ʹɫѿԭŵʮˣΪˡ
ҧֿǰʮİˣҪȥսػǰʮý̩Ƭŵصʸ񣬿ϧշˡǰ˵ʵսʤ
һʱ䣬˷·˰㣬ǲǻںޣںԼΪҪȥ죬ȥĻͲ³ˡ
뵽쳣ܣһŵӵָָУجج䳡⡣
쿴Ǳ뿪䳡ţɵõһЦ
Լ˳۵˵Ĳ˳Ǽ¡


1564 ̩ŵ
Żجج뿪䳡ԵʮֵǱȥ·˻һ㡣
ǲҰ
ǵģɵЦ
䳡ϣŴڼ
վ֮ǰ̨ϣû뿪ΪǰʮȵĹսʤԭǰʮеһ˺ɽ˵սһֱҪֵŴȽŴȵĽûټս֮ʱ
ʱɿţܿһʱȥ
һʱ䣬ŵȺǰսսˣһ⣬ûһ˳ɹϾǰʮ˶Ƿǳǿƾʵȥģûԭһ㲻ᱻŵսܡ
Ҳʱûŵǰսˣŵǰʮȣʹ˽
ԭǰʮ֮ˣȴű⣬˾λǰʮ
ǰʮ֮ˣϲǣǰ̩ŵʸ񡣡
Ŵȵĳϵ̩ŵأ̩Ǵŵص֡
һʱ䣬ⷽ䳡ڣһŵӶǰʮ֮ͶȥĽ̩ŵذ̺̫ԵˣҲֻǣעûϣˣֻܵȴʮ̩֮ŵٴο
ⳡŴƴʹ˽졢ˮˮСֱ̫뿪
дŰʱ䣬̩ŵؾҪǽ룬ǰЩ׼Ҳȥ׼һ¡
ˮˮ˵
õġ
ͷ
ܿ죬С̫صԼľ
ʵϣصʵҲûʲôҪ׼ģúǺԼС̫ȥбɵϿطǳŨͨطȻҪ౶
֮󣬺ܿ죬ʮʱȥ
һ죬һб̩ŵؿбڣ洫ӡŵԼǰʮĵӣڰڸϵ̨
ʱ֮䣬ವƿصбڣһӰ𣬸ǿᣬȫͬһȥ
ιιι죡
ˮˮľ⣬
߳ЦźͰˮˮкС̫һ𣬽նУܿбɵ̨
̨ռشŷԲǧңΪһ޴ʯɵı̨Ͽӡĵӡʱϵĵӡɢ
б̩ŵһʹ󣬺Ĵ໥ӣһ̩ŵĹнԴԽͨеĳ̶ȣͻϵʹĴϵĵƷ⣬֪ԽУ󾭹ĴʹõͽֱӴе̩ŵ֮ڡˮˮֵͣбɹΪʮɵŸţⷽбһ
ͷ˲Ȼ
֮ǰΪҪǰν̩ŵأȴ룬ͨŵĴֱӽ뵽̩ŵڡ
ʱ̨վŴԼǧˣ񲻷ǰ벽ɡ
ԹܻͶΪŵӣȻҲǾطʱ򿿵ıȽϽڿ죬żɵͬʱҲԹɭɱС
վȺУǸӦڶԼ˳ӦĿ⿴ȥ
ܻͶͼƫͷѸƫͷĿƿ
˵ķӦǳ죬Ǳ쿴ˣͬʱеԹɱ⣬ҲǱ쿴
Դˣû˵ʲôҲûʲôӦֻǵĮһЦ»عͷ
ôˣ
쳣Ӧʵ
ûʲôֻĳ档
˵
ɣղƫͷķȥǿ˾ǸܻͶͣȻµеˡ
֪ʵıͲȱ£֪СŮ޺ǵĹϵǳܵ£ǻҪԸǣ
Ц
Щ˾ϲûа취¡

Ҳʱǰ̨ϣվһ˿ڣˣ
ÿһбɵӽ̩ŵɼĳϴͬС
ȻŸɣȻҲһ
еһ˿ڣʱ䣬̨һѤĹâһ̨̣ⷽϵȫȹâ֣̼ʧԭء
˲ϢоǰڰˣռЩѹ֡
֪ǿռ䴫͵ĹзӦȺڰУԵ÷ǳƽ
֮Ҳ֪˶ãǰ¶
̩ŵأ
²ʵʵϣȥǰһԻ谵Ŀռ䣬ͷʲôطޱ޾ԶһһĹɽһһͷͷڵصĲн֯ŵɫѪƣռһֳƸС


1565 Ķ
ƵĿռ䣬谵Ļһ̫ɽһ𣬿ʲôïֲܵǳһںɫҲһЩطųɫͬѪȾİ㡣
̩ŵء

ȥƬռ䣬ʮһȣһЩơ
ͬһʱ䣬Ž£Ҳһʯ̨ӡĵӡб̨ϵǵȵӡǳƣȻǱ÷̩ŵб̨ϵ໥ӵĴˣ໥͡
̩ŵأڽˣ
棬鲼Ե
Ե񱦣
бһнǧˣʱӶЩ˷ܡ
Ͼ̩ŵأһ⡣
ȻⷽȻҲżΣգֻʱЩʿ඼ǺеĸΣգһֻŸԵ񱦡
֪ʲôȲҪ˷ܣⷽŵ룬ԵͱأͬҲΣգֻĺôΣȫԺ󣡡һڶбɳеһ˿ڣͬʱҪмǣⷽؿʱ䣬ֻ£¹ȥ֮ǰϵͨĴصţʱһֱӱⷽŵڡ
˽ŵҪΪûʲôиʱѰ뷨̫棡֮ǰ˵棬˸Ե⣬鲼ΣգʱһƬŵصÿһռ䶼ᱻ綾ĸ֣ȻǽɼǿҲֵˣһմȾǵȸɣԣûǰ뿪յĽ֣Ǳǵȸֱɡ
⻰һطбһڵӵ˷ܶʱ˲٣ȻǱƬŵڵΣ˷ƬŵڳԵ񱦵ͬʱҲнƬŵڵΣļ䣬ʼƬŵ˾衣
бϼЩͽķӦ˵ͷЩƬŵ˾⡣ϾбɵĳϣЩбɵĵͽȻϣԼŵĵͽΪƬŵ֮С
ãʱ䲻࣬ǾͲϻˣڣɢȥסʱֻ£ڿʼڹȥʱ֮ǰ»صطͨĴطţ
һɫµĵ
ǣ
һڵӵ
ãȥɣ
һϿڡ
£һڵɢ඼ǽУŸͬķȥ
Щӣһ϶Ǵ˷ܵı飬ƺѾԤԼƬ̩ŵѰһĳ
졢ˮˮС̫һ뿪ڵķΧѭһ򣬺ܿ뿪ΧԶ

ˮˮקȭͷбɣΪ˽̩ŵѰҹΪȶطѰֻ̩ⷽŵֹ
ףˡ
ѧŰˮˮ
ˮˮʱĥַۣҵףֱ룬ܶǿ棬ûн֣һ˿ҲûУڲŰ벽ɾѣҲѰףͲ
ΪûʲôȻϵɲΪߵѰΪ͵˾һҲѰȻҵΪԶȲԼǺŵġ

ˮˮƲ죬бһۡ
һǰУϴŵЦ⣬ڿУĻâָ֯붯н֯ճһĹ졣
˵Ƭռ乻ѹֵģѪƽУرǺǳ죬ʵǲô

ѽ
С̫ٲȻͬĻ
ˮˮ֮ǰǺ˵Ƭ̩ŵһƬǳ޴սˣԣȻȻôģռѹֺ
ô˵
ͷ
ʼǺƽͰˮˮС̫һ𣬼ǰȥ
ȻУȻǺĿصһߣһڴⷽŵأ˼ӦѰҹסȻֵ߱䱦ȣȻҲҪһյϾмֵĶûɲС
ܿ죬һƬɽС
ɽиֹľïʢǿģҲǷǳأѼֲꡣ
Ƭɽǧɵľͣ
ôˣ
ˮˮʵ
С̫ҲǺĿ
пˡ
ת
ͬһʱ䣬ӰԻݣȻܻͶ͡һˣһ꣬Ϲı飬ܻ֮ͶͶҪǿ࣬еĽϢơ
ɨһƵĺӣܻͶܻͣͣǻǷ֮ǰﲻ
Ȼĳ⼸˸ûл⡣
ɭȻɨĿϣϸңΪֵõã쵱һڵӴĻ裬ǣʱ죬еɱⲻ˿ڡ
ͬһʱ䣬ܻĶ죬ͶһǺ͸졣
쿴ˣƽ
ǵӲС֪Сþˣ֪бɵĳ϶ηСãСܿŻɱˣǻԸ
ˮˮ۵
ԣжһĨļɵܿ죬ֲˡ
͵ôڣֻҪɱɱ㣬ɱֻ˭֪ôģ˭뵽ɱǣֻΪΪ̩ⷽŵڵΣն
ǣն
ܻ
죬ܻͶͶһɭǶ棬Ǻ͸죬Ҫ
ֻĹ

ɭȻɨһۣĿϣԵĺ¬ʦְ֣ɣΪɣҺʦǸŮ˺ͷ£ֱն˾С
Ϊ¬־˵ͷҲðŴڳ֣ɲҪǴӦҵĶ
ܻͶͶҧ¬ʦģӦЩ֮Ե˫ַϣ
жʵıһȱĽߺһ벽½޵УǶĶ֣ԣֻԵĻۣ޴Ĵۣ¬֡¬ڰ벽ɾѹ졣
¬־ҪЩ䱦ȴǲɵһʹ
ʹҲֻһ˲ѣһ̣˵ֱ
˾޴裬첻ǲڣ첻ܻӰδ޵֮ģΪһ棬ǶҪ졣
¬־˵ͷ粽ĿϣΪõĹϵһ˿ɵܻͶʹӦЩеļɵǷɿɢȥ¶һ̰ʦܣʦԭԹ𣬲˱˺ôԵΪ֣ԣյʦʦˡ


1566 Ǵ
бһгϵܵ£¬־ǳ֪һǵλŭʱȻбɵƽ̳ҲܱסҲԣֻҪ̩ⷽŵϢɱ죬ɱߵİˮˮС̫£˭֪ͺܻ֪±ΪȻй¶Ϣ
Ҳ˵̩ŵȻ죬Ҫκκ֮ǡ֮ܵõͺܻӦ౦Щļֵǲס
ʦܣʵڲ˼ˣʦָӣԼַϵԼɣϾʦֶַϵ㣬Щϡ
¬־
֪ſɶʵıһڲȱĽǣǴڰ벽ɣȻпɶʵıһڲȱҲںȻ콫ǵȱͲȱɳڵİˮˮʩչҲģΪ벽ɺɳ֮ĲǷǳ޴ȻǽɼʵıһȱһɣҲв
洫ӣ쿴Ű벽ɼ¬־ȻµóԷΪбɵ洫ӣΪ洫Ӷǳڰ벽ɼˣƽҲһӣԼ˶ϰɣϾҶɱ㣬Щ𡣡
¬־ɫʱǳ쾹ȻĻ˼ֺ󣬾ôֱӷظܲˬʦܣʦǸɱҪ
ѵڸԣҲҪ쿴˵УǰԳʦ֣Ҳʦ֣Ҳ˥
ԱߣˮˮЩݣʱһ벽ɱ쾹ȻķԷ˵֪Ը񣬲ηǿУʱȴǷ벽˿Ҳ⣬ûκεĽŸС
˵һ벽ɱǵսǵֵ˵ģпʵıǱȱɽҲУʱԶԷ̬ȴǸһһоƿеĸоǲ죬죬жԸ벽ɵֶΣ
¬־ɫĵһ˵ŵһԹȻǲ٣֮Ҫѿ֮ܡ
¬ʦ֣úϻ˾ǰֱӷϵĥ
ܻ
Ҳڣְ¬ʦ֣
¬־ʱѾǶܲˬô˵Ҳǰ벽ɣбɵ洫ӣȴǶ̬ȣȻ֪бһϵܣǺܻܲͶ͵ĻǶˣѹ졣
£һһǿܴڽ֯ŵĽϢֱѹ£طĵرΪǿܶ
û죬ǰ벽ɼգעкý֣
ͺ
ģ¬ʦѹǲ򵥵ɱ㣬úó̡
ܻǳǵ쵱һеӷϵ֫¡
Ҳʱ¬־ѹǰһƳճȥȻѹ֮ǰҪ졣
쿴˵ĶǷЦִ̽ͽֽһӡ
ˣ
̼䣬â֯ϣԻһʱƵһɷǳѹֵϢʹѹǰ¬־ݺһܴ
ʱ̧֣һĳܣ֮ϡ
ž
һĶ¬־ķԶһ䵽ط
¬ʦ֣
ܻͶͽԱɫ벽ɼ¬־Ȼ㱻һ⡣
ˮˮС̫Ҳ붯ݣ󿴵ϵܼơ
ǧ󣡡
ԵƣˮˮС̫ʶĪ
ʱƣȫ˷ԲʮɵĿռ䣬һԼ¬־ܻͶͶС
ͬһʱ䣬ܻҲϳƣΪȥ鷳Ϊƶг˴㡭ʲôʱµƣ
߱߿̣տ̺òá쿪ڣɨܻͶ͵Ϊǵĵɱ⣬Ҳ̺Щƣ͵ǳ֣ȻΪǿ̺õȻֻЩ
˵ţһиƸ֣ʼһֱǺƵɱ⡣
޼ɱ󣡡
ۡ
С̫ӡǧ޼ɱȻʶ
䣡
ҵĺ쳹Ƭռ䣬ɱڣɱϢš
ӭɱϢܻͶɫ벽ɼ¬־Ҳǲɵһļ¸УЩ
㣬㡭
˽Է
ӭǡ

˵ţһ޼ɱ֯ɱ⣬ֱӳ¡
ڽ̩ŵǰǾ͸ӦܻͶ͵ɱ֪˿϶ʲôⷽҪԸԣ̩ŵص˲俪ʼֱУϿ̻޼ɱǧ󣬶˳ɱǰǰһ˲䣬ִԿӡϣӡ͹ɱһ塣
Ȼǳһ㣬ҲֻܿӡһǶѣȻֻһǣԸ¬־ͺܻҲ㹻ˡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɱâĽƺƵĳ¬־նѹ¡

¬־ŭһ벽ɼٴ𶯶ӭЩɱ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ܻͶҲǱԵܣһƬƬɱâ
˵ĶȻһЦ
ˣ
ǧâʹƬռ䵱ޱѹ֣һֳƸС
һʱ䣬¬־ܻͶһ˲
ʹ˴󾪻ɫ
Ҳʱ޼ɱܼ֯ɱ⣬ֱ˵Ľǰն¡

ҽ˲ܼɱѹ䣬ֱӽ˹ᴩѣѪˮĽ
Ⲣûнһ޼ɱ⳯ѹȥ
ɱ⣬תķ
⡭
ˮˮۣ֮ǰ԰벽ɼ¬־ʱΪλǰĺţԭѾ̺´ӦԵֶΡ
̫ˣ̫ܿˣ
ֹ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɱһ䣬һƬÿһɱⶼױȵƻ֮
ֻתۼѣ¬־˱Ǳ飬Ѫˮա

ŭѪ䶯תۼǶؾ۳
ô𣿡
쿴ˣʵ
ʹ˵ɫѿ
СˣȻпӡɱɱǣ
¬־ҧ
ЦɱңҿӡɱԸǣѵӦãѵӦοһ洫ӣԩ޳֮ǰʶֻΪһЩ˽ɱң¼ȻҲ˼˵ǱСˣװȫʺɣô벽ɲεģ
¬־ʱɫࣺ㡭
ɡ
϶ԷĻ̧һӣ޼ɱֱѹˡ


1567 һս
޼ɱ⳯¬־ѹһƬɱ⽻֯ɵ꣬ÿһɱⶼǿƥɱˣ·Ҫؼһжᴩ顣
¬־ȻǸоĵɱĿ£˿⣬æ߶벽ɼܣѹɱӭϡ
鵭ĮһǧɢŨâ֮ӿʱʹ¬־һʶжȫѹƣ̼롣
Ҳʱ޼ɱ׹¬־ǰɱֱӽ¬־֡

ҽܼɱУ¬־޿ɵǱķ顣
Ͼǰ벽ɼǿߣתۼѣ¬־¾۳
㡭
죬¬־ɫʮѿ
һð벽ɼǿߣ֮¼޵УȴȻһ벽ɱƵ̶ȣŭɶͬʱҲһ𺧺ͼɵ
ԱߣܻͶҲǾŭӡǴ£ǺǱ
ߣȥٶԸ
¬־ҧΪȻǿӡǴĲһ㣬УѹƵĺһʵѷӳͬʱЩ֯ɱǷǳ£һսӲ£ȥ󣬾ԻĽ֡
ʦ˵Ĳ뿪ЩƵĸǷΧ
ܻǧ³˴֪ƵĸǷΧзǳĲ൱
Ҳǵͷ£ֱӳ֮塣
˵Ķ첻ɵһЦô״гȥ
µ˲䣬˳嵽ֵķΧıԵ
ҲʱԵһǿ֯ɱײϡ
飡
飡
飡
һʱ䣬ɣѣԲɵÿȳһѪ

ҧɫúѿ
鵭Įǧ޼ɱһӿǰѹ˵ն޼ɱ⣬ߺһƺˣˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһĿġ
ɨˣĿ¬־ϣǧ޼ɱͬʱҲˣԷѹȥ
ֻܻͶͣǧ޼ɱ󣬱Ĩɱˣ¬־ȴǲУϾԷǰ벽ɵΪֻǿӡһǵǧ޼ɱ󣬵ǣɱ벽ɣſԡ
ǰٶȺܿ죬֮֯⣬ֱʩչ
¡¡ģɫݺᣬһһ㣬ÿһǽ֯յİԵѹ¬־
һǧ޼ɱʩչڣ¬־ܿǳ֮ش֮£Կ⣬ǿһδλ飬Ǳ
죬ס֣Ź涨߱ɱͬţɱңӲŹ洦
¬־ȵʱȾѪϢѾ˥㣬ԴѣѾԶˣۿ־塣
ޣҪԼɱͬţҪɱˣȻ˵ֻ֪ܣ
ˮˮ
ġ
Ц
¬־ɫʱ࣬ҧ֮㲻ɱң򣬱֪ҲֲãŹ棬߱ɱͬŵˣҲŴ
쿴ˣɫƣƽȴҲǴŵ
֮ǰ˵ɱңŲ֪ġôڣɱ㣬Ż֪ɱ㣿¬־֪Σ㲻֪һкܴƽ̶ɵǵѣҾɱ㱻֪ΪŻΪ㴦ң
¬־ʱɫѿ㡭
ǰطɱ죬Ϊɱû֪֪ˣǲŵĴɱҲһ֪һ棬Ҳ˵ôһƽ̶ɵѣɱ±֪ҲԲܶô
뵽еĿ־ӵŨˡ
֣ʦܣʦִˣʦһʱϱԭʦһκòãŹʦ֣
ġ
쿴ˣһҲãУ˵һΣҪǰʦ֣Ĳ䡣
˵ţֱӶ֣ǧ޼ɱһʩչޣѹ¬־ʵͬʱ¬־Եһɱˡ

һֺ;Ľһ̣¬־ըҲһ顣
һʱ䣬ֻʣܻͶ͡
㣬㣬㡭
˿죬ʱ򲻶ϵķնǱò԰һƬһ־塣
벽ɼε¬־Ը죬ԭΪܰٷ֮ٳ죬ȴ룬İ벽ɼ¬־Ȼ׵ľͱնˡ벽ɼ¬־ɱôǵĽֵ֣Σ
֣֣һжŹǣҪʲô֮Ƕȡ
ԣԣԣ֣ţŹǰɣ
˲ģ
쿴ˣƽ
ֻҪǵѡ
䣬ǧ޼ɱٴһ߶
һʱ䣬¡¡ģǿӿ뽫֡
벽ɼ¬־ֵסοǶͺֻܻתۼѣҽȺ󴫳ͬʱط
طð

ˮˮҡͷ
Щû취

ط˶٣뿪طȥڽ¬־ͺܻնɱû˿·ղʲôҲûз
ƬɽУú߳ƬɽһЩطȥ
УǸɢǿˮˮΪѰҹȱ꣬ΪѰףС̫ûʲôĿģѰҡ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
һ죬һϢǶУǰԶһ޴żżо˵ɹ⽻֯ʱʱŨɵ𣬱²ر
þﲻԶȥ
ʵ
룺С
С̫۳˵ԪƬżо˵ɹ⽻֯Ũɵ𣬻ܿ۳Ԫı
һ۳һԪǱͶ۳˾ŵԪ󣬿һٿ뵽ɾȥ
ˮˮȻһȥɹ⽻֯ɵŨ˵йıꡣ
£޽Ƕٶȷǳ죬ת۱еż֮⡣
ȥǰֿľĲλһƵͭɣЩˣռԿһųǣϿӡƣһЩطѾС
ǣһս
ˮˮԾ


1568 Ϊ
޴ĲƹͭɣѾŲٰ߲⼣ӡĵӡҲǰģȻѾʧȥԭܡ
ս
ʰˮˮɻ󣬻ǵһȴʡ
С̫Ҳǿˮˮܺ档
ˮˮͣսһֹ̬ǿ󷨱ԾˣԷԹһ㶼ڴ͵ս֮У֮ԦǰĵЩ֮ɫŵȷƣǣͨƳսģȽСطսȴǴЩţȹģϷЩӡսҲɼķ
⻰졢С̫Щ졣
˵ⷽƵľ޴󹬵һڷңɼķ
ۡ
ǵġˮˮͷ¶âսһ㶼ߴϵЩȻͨһЩСž޴սһɱЩСȻȲսҲԲס
ŵҪǣȾ޴սΪ䷨ĺڣһӡзǳɵЩ൱ǱһĴڣҲµŶšսڵЩɵڵĴսûбٵǾֻȡһСƣҲǾ޴ջΪЩɵֱģԴꡢǿĸ֪ȶž޴Ч
ǰ΢룬֮ǰУżڵǵɹŨɵǷܾ˵ɵ֯
ˮˮ΢㶣漴ǰһпܣ
ߣȥ

£޳Ǿ޴ͭڶȥ
ͭ֮ǰеżֹǳ˵ɹɵˣǳпܾǰˮˮᵽսĺɵɢǵȷҲɼǿڵĴսкֻһһǣҲ˵ѵõ䱦һѰǾдá
ͭ⣬һľңŲٵúǣȻǵطʿϾƬ̩ŵأһǳ޴ս
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһȻֹǣˣһƿܿٵӰɣѪˡ
ûЩˣͰˮˮСֱ̫߳սȥ
ﬣ
ͻȻ̶Ľһճ
Ӿ˽⣬˲伴
üٶȺܿ죬밲ˮˮС̫ͬʱƣܿһ
ӴԶĿϣ
ʲô˼
쿴ˣĵ
ղŵǽȻеһ
ĿϣԴ⡣
Ȼ㣡
һ˵
ſڵˣȻ裡˵Ϊʲôǳ֣ǲ
ڵ꿴ͱø䡣
ɨɨС̫Ŀ䵽ϣɱһ汦ɶųϼλֵֶܺǷų֮֮ǰѰǺܾãʼûκջѰǵټȴ룬Ȼ̩ŵǣ
졢С̫ԣ˲Ȼ
һ޸ս򣬾¹һΪ۵ӣ֮󣬶ԷΪ˶ȡǵȴǽżׯ԰żҼ֪Ƕ۵ľˣҲͶһԸǣͼɱǶ
ʱֱ֣ն˶żׯ԰ڵļͶۣҲ֪һ£żҵڻ汦Ϊһϡʱǲ⣬ֱ뿪żңˮˮбɣѾȴ˶żǵ£룬żһֱ׷Ѱǣ񣬱汦ɵļɱǰ
ô£
ˮˮ졣
汦⼸ӳɱ˻汦һλϵļλֵֶܺһʲôرԭʱԵЩ⡣
쿪ڣ򵥺ͰˮˮµͶżҵĶԹ
ʲôˮˮ̫ˣϧ
ǰŲű˾žΪ˶ҪɱԼľˣڣżЩ֪ҲΪŰʵ־ַŭ
쿴汦ɵˣղҺ˵Ļ˵һΡڣ֮ɱżҼͶ۵龭򵥺ͻ汦꽲һеǷۣԵȻҪǡ
汦ԣɫȴǲ䣬˿ûҪŹ˵˼
κɣɱһ汦ɳֵֶǷ˱֮
һһϮ¡
˵ʲôϻԵɱڳϵֵֶ֮ע
һ˿ڣŻۡ
Աߣ˷ֱΪַۣĿҲĮеɱ˿ҲڣңѾɢ
ɫʱ
ǣˣ
նһԷƽϣҽɱżҼͶ۵ԭ棬⼸ȴԴ˿Ҳ⣬ҪԸɱǣܲˡ
ԣɫ䡣
ϻֱӶ֣ųϵ˼ֻҪ֮ǰдͣն֮ͷ­ųǰɣãųƬ̩ŵء
ǸŮأ
꿴ˮˮ
һնˡ

˻䣬ֱӱɱ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ĸҲһ֣ͬʱˮˮС̫ҲһڹȦڡ
˶Ǵɳڣͬʱ֮£ϢӿԵʮֵˡ
Ķ

Įûж˵ʲôֱӶ֣һȭǰȥ
ˣ
ȭһĺ̼ըǿȭͬʱУһƥȭâų˺ϡ
漴𣬻汦ɶֵ뱻ȭĺɡ
㡭
ԶסΣ¿죬¶ݡ
ֻǰ򵥵һȭôǿƣͬʱ˳ȥ
һᣬģ̹
쿴ˣĵ
汦ɵԣɫ˿䣬еĺǱøŨЩ
ҵȴ֮½ռһϷΪԼǿˣǹ

֣Ҫٴ⣬ٶն
ַ
£ٴζ֣һ֮ͨǿطѹ졣
һʱ䣬ȻɱطӿΪ֮¡¡𶯡
˵ʲô
ˣ
ӡ𣬼ӷӡϢԼӭϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʩչת۽֯ʮÿһֶǴŷǳ˵ϢƺƵԲѹ䣬汦ͬʱ֡


1569 Ա
ӡǰ汦˹ɱܣѹ֮ƶ˷ɱǿӿһνĺɡ
㡭
һΣ汦ɵЩԾˣһˣͬʱԵˣȻνɡ
ȫ
У
ĸͷˣͨչҴҲһӿ
Ŀ䣬ֻͼֱӳ𣬵һʱƵʥԣ漴ͬһʱֻͼںϣǿĴֻͼ
ֻͼһµϢӿŻ汦ӭϡ
תۣ˫ײһ
һط𶯣汦ת۱ǱĺɣѪ
ôܣ
𾪡ͬϣʱѾǼɵ򣬼ȫȴû˵죬Լ˱ˣʱ궼ˡ
ͼ̫ǿˣʲô
ˮˮĿ˸֮ǰʩչһδֻͼٴμǳԾֿϢΪ֮ľ
΢΢һΣɫҲ԰һЩϾûֻǰ벽ɣΪͬʱɶԵУȻܴϷϾܺɡ
̫תתۼ䣬Ѫָ԰׵ɫٴαú
漴Ż汦꣬ϣֻͼٴ۶ͷ˿˿Ƶĵ֮ԡ
汦һݵĽ棬֪ǿǲǶ֡
ߣ
ҧϣֱӳԶȥ
ĿĮŲһ˲ǧɣֱӽ汦
ʲôѾɱҽ̳ϵļλֶֺѵɱǣӲҪ̫ˣ
ȣȻǿеɱ⡣
ɱңɱǣƽ
䣬ͬʱҲһ˿м
ɱ򲻹ߣ£ȴ˵ǰ㻰ʵڵͼ
ֻͼͷٴٶȿ쵽㣬˲ڿڵĺǰֻͼĥ̰ѹ¡
־ŭ֧ǿɵܣŴֻͼӭϡ
ֻǣֻͼǿᣬ˲ɵܣƺƵļѹ¡
סס֣
ʱ֣̲סС
ͬһʱ䣬汦Ҳŭ죬붯֣칥ɱȥ
ߣ
һߴˮˮֱ֣նһâճȥ
ȽâɲϾˮˮǴɾֵ˱ˡ
ҲʱĴֻͼѹǰڶԷϡ

ҽصֱӱֻͼѹķ飬Ҳһɢ
ʱطֻʣ˻汦ɵˡ
㡭㾹ɱһ汦֮ˣ
˿죬ŭӡ
ͬʱһҲˮˮ㾹Ұף
ղţԴֻͼɱ꣬һȣȴˮˮһˣĻǻܾºꡣ
ɱǣ򲻹ӣ¾˵ʲôѾɱҽ̳ϼλֶѵɱǣӲҪ̫󡯡ɱһˣ;ŭ˵ʲôɱһ汦֮ˡȻ󣬺ȳҡ㾹Ұס
ˮˮ̡
汦ɵ˶ʱɫࣺ㡭
ˣ
ӿʱˣֻͼ֣ѹ⼸ˡ
ǴЦˮˮѾͷƽҲ㽿ᣬöֵʱͶ֣ˮ÷̵ʱҲǺܷԸ񣬲ò˵ϲ
Ԧֻͼת۱ǳڻ汦ǰѹ¡

汦ĸȻ֪ĴֻͼĿ£ӭϡ
Ҳʱصˮˮֱ֣ӾǴƬâˡ
Ƚâȸղű˵Ľâǿᣬתۼϵпռ䣬ÿһâһǳĽǶȻնˣ˿ܵĻᡣ
ʱ۵뱻ᴩѪˮش
ȹŴֻͼɱ˵춼ݣʵЩ򵥣һɣɺѽɱ֮ȳ̶ȣΪЩâɲʲôֻͨǼ򵥵߶ȴܽĻ汦ĸᴩشЩˡ
Ķֻһ˲䣬һ̾ͻָƽֻͼѹ¡

еһ˲ҽУԴֻͼѹϣ̼飬ңһ˲Ҳ֧飬֮ǰĺ
㣬ǡ
תۣ汦ǰˣʣˣеľŭŨ
ֻת۶ѣˣˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ϊ˼սĶСȻøʿڹۿʱն汦ˣ˶Ƕݡ
սУ汦ɵ˿죬ŶֵİˮˮɫѿҵɱԼһֶ죬ԭܾϲն󣬽ͷ­ʸԼһǸųϣɻüʹͣȴǲ룬սȻôǿ󣬿ѹˣټһˮˮȫסܶô̵ʱ˱С
쿴ˣȴʼյĮʱٴζˣֻͼѹϡ
ˮˮվһߣûһһâһɱ
ˣ汦˵˱øǱ


ת۶ѣ˱Դֻͼɱ
㣬ǣǡ
汦ˣʣһַ꣬ȾѪɫһƬ԰ס
ţŹң
ġ
鵭Į˶˵ʲôϻֱӳ˿粽ϡ
˵һֻͼڣٴλǿĴֻͼ
ַһȻ֪첻Ź
£ɫһ¾ͱ
ŹңҲҪۣ
ŭ
һת۶ѣܱûйɻ֮ӿ
Ա
Զһڹսʿʧɫ
һʿԼٶȺˣżԶ롣
һɳڵǿԱǿɲǿЦһǵԱĻ۷ǿߣҲпѡ
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮҲǶݣ캰Сӣˣ
ıȴǺƽ鲻䣬ӭϣֱӽӡʩչ
һΣʩչӡȴһûطӡͼصһŵͼһֱѹԱеĺַ߸ͬλá
ϾƹӡѾݵʮأǰΪѾʩչءʱͼصһŵͼһΧסַ꣬ӡʹ÷ҲģϾƹ
ˣ
ͼ⣬ԼַԱѹ
⡭
ѹǿߵԱ
ʲô
ԶʿԾַѾԱ״̬ȴϣѹֶʵЩˡ
ˮˮԼС̫ҲǳԾ
㣬㡭
սУַ꿴죬Ⱦŭ־֣岻סķ֪첻ŹؽһҲҪ츶޴ĴۣһԹϵѡԱȴ룬Աֹ


1570 Ѫħ
汦ɵĺַ꾪ŭ֣ԱȻֹ
㣬㡭
죬ͫ׶ˣʱǰԱķʧˣ׵ױ־
쵭Įɨһۣһӡ⣬ƺƵѹ£

֮ƵͼһУֱӽַС
ֹԱ֮ɱǡ
ԶһʿĿݡ
ԼûʲôŲ΢Σת»صˮˮߡ
Ű벽ɾȻɼʿԱô׵ֹסˣ
ˮˮۡ
԰벽ɼΪܹѹɳڵʿѾܳԾˣȴ룬һɳڵԱ쾹Ҳô׵ľ͸ѹȥ
Ҫ֪ѹһǿߵԱ¿ɱѹһҪʮ
ǡƿо߱ǿӡѣܺܺõʿԱ¡

һϣûж˵ʲôɱ汦꣬Ҳû̫⣬ǿԶǷ޴ͭкˮˮС̫ȥʱѾдԼٸʿ뵽ͭС
ԶԶԣȥսĻɵɲܱȥ
ˮˮ
£ޱǳͭȥ
ǾͭλòԶûйȥãͭǰ
ͭǰԵøӾ޴ˣһ̫ħɽ㣬һѹֵĸоվǰֱǸһ㡣
ߡ
ֱӿС
ͭڲͨ۸ӣطҲǶӡŷµӡȴǺսЩƲ࣬Ѿ޷ܡ
·һ
ʵ
ͭڵ̫ͨˣһʱ仹治þ
ɨܣúĿڿұߵһͨϣ
Ϊʲôʲô
ˮˮʵ
·ϵƣӱϿȥطûʲô𣬵طƣȴԿƵǿӡսڵĴƣսӡɼɵǾʹͨǰ

ǳóܿƵĹɣԿóͨϵƣǽ֯սڵƣսڱӡɵĵطҲڴλãԣȻͨϵսڵĴƣôµɵض·ǰ
ˮˮԣǰ΢е
£ޱͨȥ
ͭǳ㣬еĿЩɭطǱѪˮȾ졣
ԴˣһҲ⣬Ͼ̩ŵǵһ޴սⷽսڵǳսвսսǰٵ׹䣬Ȼ˲ʿɭϢǳ
˵żǸʲôȻѾ׷ɱǣ汦ɲٵƺҲ֪ɱһϵֶ£׷Ѱǣֻû뵽ǽбɣ֮ǰһֱûѰǽ̩ŵأ汦ҲвʿƬŵأ֮һһĵӣһϣٲһͨɱ
ĿڣŵΪҪǣ˵ǸżҲƬŵأһԷ֪ôƬŵУԻԱǿǸɣɱǸ鷳
ûʲôˣˮڡ
⡣
˷ۣ֪ô˵
һЦǰȥ
ܱͨ鲼ƣѾ𻵣ϣԽǰУеԽŨѪζҲԽأ󣬽һЩʬҰ֮С
ң١
ЩˣǵԦսսʿ

ӦǡȥϲԵ˺ۣƺǱĳܴ͸ս
Ҳ
ˮˮ
ǼǰУú󣬸ʬҰС
ಣ
ͻȻƿյһѪâżΪĲʮѹ֡
Ѫħ𣡡
ˮˮݡ
ȻҲѪâı壬Ϊһ𣬴ӤȭͷСȴǷǳˣһѪͫ׳ֳɫٶȷǳ죬ȷʵѪħ
һаصĵطѪΪʳǾ綾ֻҪͻᱻ綾ƣȻǽҲѿסȾ綾ǱҧˣǸǿɲǰ벽ɣҲпڶʱ
ﾹ
ͫһȻҲ֪ѪħҺаĿ֮
Ѫħٶȼ죬Ѫɫ磬һ˫ɫֱͫĶס죬ת۱˵ǰ
Сģ
ˮˮ
һ̣ۣС̫ҲۣΪȫûܣֱ̧֣һѽѪħץС
Сˣ
ȵ
ѪħսǶôǿ󣬵ȴһƶľ綾ԴȪմȾ壬ȾϾ綾Կ쾹Ȼֱһѽ֮ץС
ġ

ץѪħ𣬱糣ǵͷеѪħ𣬽뿴ܽ֯ѪЩѪһַǳµĲ
ϵĶƺȷʵ

ˮˮС̫˹ʱɫɵٴ΢䡣
Ȼû£
ˮˮԾ
Ѫħ𣬽һ¶Ҫùһ벽ɣѪħȴûа쳣Ӧ糣ûκһ˿жļ
ҲǳԾС̫ˮĴ۾ɵĸԲһЩ
쵭Цģûжֶûá
ʶе񽣸壬Ѿ򶾲֡
ˮˮǵۣ۲죬ȥʮ󣬷ûκһ˿쳣ûж
ûж⡭
ӳԾ
Ѫħ𰡣綾ԴȪ򶼿ڵľ綾ȴ˿Ҳûá
һô°̫Ź˰ɣ
졣
һЦЩԭ򣬲ǸղǾ仰ʲôҶûã֪ˡ
˵ţ΢һƽ֯ӡеѪħַӡ
ôΣյʲô
ʵѾԴӾлع
ԱΣգûΣաԱΣգȻԵһ޵ɱʹãɴУ֮кȥԷųɿֱһȥȻǶġ
Ц
ԣʱֵۡ
ˮˮĶ£գ
һ룬ڰ벽ɣһɣѪħлɣԽɵǿ󣬿϶֮⣬ٷ֮ʮŶֱһĹȥ
ѪħȻѪħӴȻȻմȾѪħľ綾漴̼ɥʧԵеֱΪ֮⣬ֻ׸


1571 ˣС
Ѫħġơˮˮ̲סۡ
ֱ̫ˡ
ΪսıҲǺҪġ
ֹ
ԱߣȻĻ̧־һ£ʲôıƣıı𣿡
ˮˮűõĶͷһ죬̧־ҪȥĶ䡣
ЦͨǰС
ͨܳ鲼ƣԽǰУʬԽԽࡣ
ңҲва鴳Ҳǿ˼򵥽
ˣһۣʱȥ
ʱǰһƵɹ֣ңдŷǳŨɵ
޶ǰһΪ⼫пܾ֮ǰˮˮᵽɼǿ߿ӡɵɢĹâ
ߡ
ٶȱÿһЩܿǿǧɡ
ǧɣһһķͨĿʯڣʯڲĿӡƷж٣ⷽսڵӡ໥һ
Щɵôࣿ
Ծ
ˮˮûԾˣﵱսģЩɵ
ɵǿ߲ȫɵûķģǷ
˵ûһöɵ൱һڲĵر
ɵͨϣС·׼ȷ
ĵ
Ȼ

ʱҲڿطɵн֯˿˿Ƶľâɵܶ࣬ҲǣȴѾǰڣڵĴսб٣Уֻаö˸ԣкܾ˵ĵ֮ת
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮС̫ȻҲǶöķ
ĺãÿһöкܴļֵ
ˮˮϲ
ֱӶ֣Ͻ֯âöɵֱӸץȡС
סöɵڵһʱӦڵɵ𶯣ƵǵŨĵ֮Ϣĵڷڡ
ܲ

˿öҲǺ
ðöɵָ֣ˮˮС̫ö
ǣǾԿԶΪ
˫ĿŹ⡣
ˮˮǿԶΪ۳ھŵԪɾҵĻΪˣҵɵȸӵ
ˮˮѾɾ磬ȻΪöɵͿڡ
Ȼ֪һ㣬˶ٵ߰ɣȥҸĵط
н֯˿˿⣬ȡɵ۳ھŵԪֻҪںϾŵԪǿһٿɲΡȻ֮۳ھŵԪڵһʱںϣΪɴڵҪѡöɽٵĵص㣬ԼΪɽƵ׼ϾٿǺֲܿġ
£ˮˮС̫ʱ·սȥ

ʱһ
ǰϢĶһ꣬ϴЦɭɭȻĿˡ
һֱǣ
΢΢ü
ģԷڸǣǽɵȡУʱԳΡ
жݣֻɳڵΪѣȻϢθǣһֱûбǷ֡
ˮˮź꣬˵īһΪԪطΣһоȣȻǾ߳һ󾳽ǿҲԷ֣ǰīɵˣ
ǲһгһȭͷСı⣬ЦǺͻ汦ɵʲôųдԹɣңǸϣƺɾ̩ŵУң֮ǰɱһˣЩҶˡ
ڣűаǵòмҲɱ汦˵Ļ棬һҴת۳汦ӡŵصĴ󴦣һǶųϵǻ汦ɴ˴δӵ֮һڱǴǸλáһǶų֪Ϊ˵ǾƬŵУ֪ǵľλãǻɱһŵӣǲ½ֻΣǣ
ЦŵڣҪҲűʵʵĽȡɵ򣬺ߣ
֮ǰ˺ͻ汦˼սĻ棬ӻ汦˿е֪˺ͻ汦ɵһŴԹʱҲ⡣սںżȻսѡһ·ĳ쵱ʱܵɵͨǰĻ¶ݣ˼СʩչԪط
ͬˮˮԣȷʵǰīɵĵӣԪǰīɵһ򲻷ΣһоȣȻǾ߳һ󾳽ǿҲԷ֡ȱ󣬿ȡöɵûˣǵԻΣ˽ɵ
Ϊ˺ͻ汦˵սԼ˵Ķ֣ԣûսɵǻ汦һϵĴԼɱ汦ŵвв˽ɵΪһе汦ǶųϾԻɱʱ˾ͻ뼫Σľ档
ϾܸӦĵ˵ΪǿҲɶѣܵסһŵĽɼϡԣ϶£Ϊ˲Լټ¶һɼĵǰһ˾ԻԹԾͷɵ

Ц
ˮˮС̫ˣ΢ݡ
ˣȻвǡ
ʵϣԷǽɵ汦λ̩ŵڴԣ汦Ǹųһ֪һɱط
ڻ汦ɵ̩ⷽŵڵĴλãⲢʲôܣ˶֪ŵλãԷȻܽе⣬Ǵλڡ
Сӣô˵
졣
Ƕԣ汦Ǹų֪ǵټȷʵΣգϾǿǸǿߡ
ıȴǺƽΪǵˣСù˾ǡ
Ӳв
ǣżǸɡ
ü
Ǿ仰ˮڡʲôʱˣǰûУڲУС
ûжġˮڡۣǺЦŵ˵ͷ΢΢ŵüͷչ˿
ǵǡ
нô꣬ڼ侭ĥۣȷǴӲκĻ£ǰûУڲУҲС
ˮˮ죬գգۣЦ£ľȻû
ƽһ˵ĿȫںϣǺܲơ
㣬ǡ
ȻղŵĻ˿̼˵Ĳ񣬵£̲סһ


1572 ɾŭ
ɫѿ֪˺ͻ汦ɳϵĳԹԴΪѱ˵ټ֪汦ɵǸвԭΪ˻ԹԾͷΪһɸˣȴ룬ȴ
ǲ½ǿɱ𣿣ˣвֻҪҽеӳգۼܳ汦ɵĴ󴦣ԹǸ汦ɵĽɳϣԻٶȸϵӶӲˣʱȫԣǲɵȫҽ̽ټɱ汦ŵ֮µⶪȥ
쿴ˣмһЦ
ӣС󡣡

С󡣡
С̫͡
ˮˮû˵ʲôޣһꡣ
ҧȵվס˵һΣϽɵ̽ټɱ汦ŵ֮µⶪ
뽫ⶪȥǾͶȥûʲôˡס

£Ƴһâֻͼֱ֣ӳŶԷѹȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģǿܷӿϢˡ
굱һٺˣҸǻᣬȴǲӣǾͲҪң˵ţһѽеⶪգ۳սʧԶǵɣ˲вԸ⽫ɵʱȫ߳ŭˡ
󣬼ͬһʱ䣬ʩչīɵİԪ˲ϢʧӰ٣Ҳʧһٶȳս֮ȥΪԼ˵Ķ֣вʧܣʱֻнŰԪ롣
䵭˫ͫ΢۾Υ
һ˲䣬ʧ³ҰУѾɡ
ߣһǿһѹ¡
飡
һ죬걻ֱӳɣݺײͭڲһǽϣȥǱվ
㡭ܿң
죬¶֮ɫһ̣仯˵ͫʱǲɵúݺһֻо˶͸ˣ˿Ҳڲ£һɺ
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮҲǿı仯ʱ˫ۣɵҲһʱ۾£ֱһԼ͸˵ĸо
ΨС̫ɫ糣Ȼ֪ۣ̫ۺ̫ۣԿؼһİԪȻܹΣ֮£ȴ˿Ҳá
粽˲ںǰ
һ㡭
飡
̧ȣֱһڶԷؿڣƳһԷؿڲ顣
ңһֻ̣ͼѹ£û˿
꾪ǿǱֻͼ顣
ס֣Ҫɱң֪ˣҵǸɱң
δ𣬴ġ
ԭΪԼ򲻹ˣԪΣߵû⣬ȴ룬ȻȫЧûӹ˫ۡ
ö˵ʲôӡһչҲƵԷѹ¡

һĲҽУ굱飬ˣ
ԴˣûʲôкˮˮС̫սȥ
Ȼͫʲôۣо̫ۺ̫۶ֺˣ
ˮˮ죬ЩԾʵǣͫȶ̫ں˫ۣһַǳµĸо
һͨɡ

ûڡ̫ۡ࣬ͰˮˮС̫սȥܿ߳ȥ˼Զ
˵ǵټܿᱻ汦ɵǸż֪Щ
ü
걻ɱǰԷȴҲǽǵټй¶˳ȥźܿͻᱻ汦Ķż֪ԷܿͻɱǿǸǿߡ
ܱܿͱܱܿܿһɳڣҲô
н֯һĹ⡣

̩ŵأĳһڡ
߾طһھ޴Ĵǻ汦ϡ
ʮɽƬŵԵĴ󴦣ɴӵĳš
ʱһǰ
ʲô
ü
һ˼⡣
漴ֻһɲǼѣ𶯣һͼǰ˵òټҲɱ汦ŵӵĻ档
ɱһ汦ŵӣ
Уһŭ
һ۵߸ֱۣɱ⵱Ƶ
Ķҵˣ
ŭ𣬽Ϣ񱩣ȻǶżڻ汦ɵĳϣż
ȥǵͷ­
һֻգ۶ѣ뿪ٶȿЩˡ

һٶȲսڣܿ߳ս
ټ¶汦Ǹżƺܿͳ嵽ǸϽ뿪Ƭ򣡡

ͷȻһ뷨һһܿٶȿԶ
úѾ뿪ͭƬԶ
ʱһɽɼӿ֣ˣתסƬĿռ䷶Χʹ޲ɵöһ
ϻô͵ˣ
ݡ
һʼϵ汦ɵĶżܿͻɱҲû뵽ô졣
ѾɨУϾҪˡ
ˮˮ
Ҳ֪£ֹס˲Զ塣
ԷȻѾǣǵٶȣܿĹԷܺô
䣡
ֻܷһɲǶѣܿӿһߴԶ
ҵˣգ۱ǳĿϣɭ̹ǣɱֵܣֶ߱ϷؽʬΣңó
ߺȻǶżʱһˣӴĽܣɱ⺧ˡ
żСǼϹ壬СոձǾǾͼɱǶᱦϹ֪ǶСľˣҲһΪȫϧ
Ц
ܸоԷǿӭŶԷϢͷЩۣȴ޾ɫ
żɭȻʲôɣɱֵֶ
һˣɱ׿ˡ
ɱǳ£ƺҪס
ɱ󲿷ֶϣΪżѾӶżׯ԰żֵֶ֪С
ɱֻо嶼Ҫˣ겻סľ·һ̾Ҫһ㣬쳣ܣУȴûаɵûаĿ־塣
ֱ̧֣ӻӳһ򣬳ŶԷȥ
ż̧֣һƽĵķ飬ɭƾһССİ벽ɣҲͼڽɼϷǰգҪҵķʽȥ
죬ۻʡ
첻һ֣ϳżȥ
żһһȫĵķ顣
۵׻һĨĹ⣬һƬԳԸٶȳŶżɱȥ湥
żĿɭһͬʱֻǼ򵥵ĳ֣չ˿һһһһеǰǴ
һ̣һʱȴһѪˮһֻѪУһĵķѣѪˮѪڶżϡ
Ѫħ𣡡ż̼ɫ䣬ǿĽǲɵúݺһŭĶ죺ң


1573 ҵĽ
żŭӣմȾһѪˮѪֱֻת۱ڡ
ôо𣿡
Ц
żϵѪˮѪȻѪħѪͶѪħڸһкżżֱҲѪħ飬ӴѪħʱȻմȾħϵľ綾
ˮˮۣˣ
֮ǰѪħ֮ʱѾ򵥺֮ʹѪħΪɱˣʱۿɻ̲סԾ𺳡
żɫ÷ǳѿʱֱϵӣʹڲ˲亹
´ټն㣡
ôһɭĻżתߡʱѾѪħľ綾ڵȻǻˣԴ궼ھսˣһսѪеľ綾һǳµٶɢ
ȻһЦһǿ˳ȥֱڶżǰһѹ¡
ǿɲǿ߲ôһĳҲǷǳľˡ
żҧʱö֣ɱȴǲò̧֣һӭϡ
ӣһ죬Ͷżͬʱŵŵɵˡ

żŭתһȥ
΢˫ۣвɵðѪħĶԻЩ£ʱȻѾöżжʧȥ˴󲿷ֵսȻĻղͶԷӲƴһƣôԷƽɫԷǽɼǿʿ
ŶżӶݣһǲһչתۼǱǰ
˵һһΣûʲôֱǿǻӶȭ
һȭ˵ȭ̼䵽żǰѹ¡
żȭӭȭͷײһ
飡
һ죬żɣȳںѪǱԶסΡ
ͬʱ壬󲿷ֵƤǱȻѾжӦȥ֮һʼֱǧ
쿴ŶԷûʲôϻֱ콣ʩչһն¡
ﬣ
̶ĽƵżϵո׷գӸԷ
żҧһΣǴƬâԻÿһǷǳˡ
һ̣żݺһһںѪֱ˲˥룬ɫüΪ԰ףݻĴƬâ˲Ϣֱɢ
ж޷߶ˣ
Ц
ҲʱնĽâ۵ȫᴩżڡ

żҽУâ壬Ѫ쭣ֱӱ£ڵϷһ죬رҳһӡ
ѵվ𣬻Ѫնߣһ̱һֱӴˤ䣬ӿѪַҽС
ȻѪħĶԽʴԽˣԴ궼˴󴴡
ⶾԣ̫Եˣ
ˮˮۡ
ӿ£ΪѪħĶתһҡ
ȻԾȴǲ飬ֱһ
וּһһ޴ԻΪ콣еһĴͨ
תۣ񽣻䣬۵һżᴩֱӽżڵر
ܴһżǲҽУӿѪˮ࣬ȫǳɫ
ǡ۶ʼѪȫɫȥһͷ㡣

ҽطصںС
һ̣ױ˺ɫطѪܱһը
ѪըѪˮǺɫ
ǡ
˿Һ
ɡ£
ˮˮ˸
ҲٴζݣѪħĶԼֱЩֲЩˡ
㣬ɡ
żУҲѣ񽣶ڵϣҺ
ʱ֣ͬʱַŭζû뵽쾹Ȼ׼һֻѪħ飬ʹֱٲ֮ء
ЦּǴƬлÿһжȵڶԷϡ

żǲҽС
Ѫħľ綾ĵֿ͹ȣԴ궼ˡ
ңڲϸãѪ
ֻһת۶ѣ侫˥һ͹ȣѪˡ
ģҽٷ
ģʱȥܺˡ
ֱն˰ɣӿȥˣЩġ

ͬ⡣
ˮˮ¡
ʱ򣬶żģȷʵЩˣãѪ֣ɢһɾҵĶζ
ͷֻͼʩչޣƺƵĳŶżѹ¡
ʱ򣬶żѾ˥㣬ֻͼ֮£޷סת۱㱻ֻͼѹķ飬ͬҲһɢֻʣһ̯Ѫڵϡ
ߣ뿪

ղطϾҲ㼤սƬ̣һЩֵܹǣȻʲô顣
£кˮˮС̫תۼ뿪طԶ
˵֮ǰ򹥻ǸͷôһʼѪħУֱֹʱżѪħ𣿡
ˮˮʵ
֮ǰ򹥻żʱһʼֱֵֹ֣ͨʱǼѪħЩ棬һʼͼѪħвˣ
ɨһۣǰֻּͨΪȷԷǷżǿֱ飬ǣѪħȥʹ֮ʱѪħ綾ǣԷȥӲģնǾѰʱѪħ𡣡
ˮˮԣȻͬʱҲЩԾǰĹʽȻ˼ά
ͻȻ֣˿һƺóôǾ̸֮

죺
ı
бӰˮˮ
һ뿪֮ǰĵطԶǰһɽɽֲǳϡ١
ȥҸЩĵط֮ǰȡɵ

ͷд⣡
£ٶһЩܿɽ䣬Ѱһεء
һӡ¾ͨϢķ󣬶Űˮˮ˵ͷ
ˮˮС̫ȻȻȡɵֱӿʼ
һʱ䣬ֲһĵâ⣬ת۱ط֯
ҲȡöɵԼڣ̫ľֱת
ˣ
ɵڳǿŨҲļΪŨĵɵƬ̫ľȷڵĵҲ֮ڡ
תۣ侫ȣҲһΪٶ壬ٵڱǿ
ͬʱ·ʲô˵ĵر㣬ɵĸӦҲǾֱǿǧ౶ɢ⣬ܿ뵽һֱڲɵ֮С
ɵ֮ڣʼ֮һĲ򡣶һڵɵâ֯ӿɵ֮ڣ·һյƺУɵĸ򣬱ñκʱҪ򵥺ɡ


1574 ɽ
սȡɵ̫ڷǷ֮ĵһٶɵĸҲ쳣ļ򵥺ɡ
ˣ
⣬ɫʵâһ֯˿˿Ƶƣɿ
ˣһۣʱȥ
ʱĵâﵽһ͵ĳ̶ȣԴɵ֮ڣ˲ϢоԱԴûɵޱȵ·ʵǰ㡣
ɵһ̱ȫ
΢ۣâ͵âӳԴûɵУǣɵĵھƱԴӡֱڣʹ֮Ѫ֮С
漴ԱԴϼһƱԴӡŹȥʮ֮۳ھŵԪ͵âʱøǿ
ֹȥʮ˫ۣâһš
ˡ

Ѿ۳ŵԪʱںϾŵԪ뵽ɲȥ
ǰںϣҪѰʵĶɽ֮ء
ɽ٣ӦûΣա
ɾ·ϵķǳҪķˮ֮һڴ㾳ɾʱֻ٣ضǷǳ£ȻɵҲÿɵĶɹ
ԭأ˼ɽٵ£ͬʱҲŰˮˮС̫
⣬͵âӿ֯ŲһϢһ
ˣһʱȥ
䣡
䣡
ǿϢȺ󵴿һ˵쫷磬С̫Ũ㣬һɷǳȶӿɵҲʮִ⡣
ɳڡ
лһĨâһЦȻĳС̫ͻˡ
Ȼɼɵ۳ھŵԪֱںڵľŵԪʱ뵽ɾ
һ̣С̫Ⱥۡ
٣н֯տտʹצӣɾǲһ
ϢɵϢޱȵĴȶͺ嫣֮һɳʿǿ̫ˣڵҲѿԱȵϡ
֮ˣһʷǷǣ֮ǰɵĵرϢɵϢͽйһδԣɳںֱӱ㾪ˣȻԵڵǿҲ·
ͬʱС̫ϢɵҲޱȴͺ嫣ңϾСһѪʮ־ˣȻǺҲ˶١
ѽ
СһĽɫƣԻ˸
ҲʱˮˮöɵϣɵˣͻܲƺҲøǿһЩ֮ǰһСı仯
ɼɵǲһ㣬ҵꡢɵѪȶ׳һࡣգգۣǸˣĿ⿴С̫һʱǷ߶ﵽɳڡ󣬵ʱȴǲɵ¶ı飺Ѿ۳˾ŵԪôںǿɾʲô
ΪҪһȽϿͿտĵطںϣط̫ʺϡ
Ц
ţʲô˼ںԪѣΪʲôҪһͿտĵط
ˮˮӺ档
Ƚϲһ㡣
˵
ԱߣС̫ͬĵСԴ
ˮˮĺ˼֣һ죬һֿС̫ǹŹ֣ĻĻ⣬ܸ㲻
쿴ӣɵһЦ߰ɣȥҸտء
£кˮˮС̫뿪̩ŵطȥ
ٶȲ죬Ҳ̩ŵУ¹ȥһʱһѪɫƽԭشرϴݲԲʮڣһ顣
ˡ

ƬѪɫƽԭشǳտû飬طںϾŵԪɽ٣Ƿǳʡ
С̫գգۣȡһöݸ죬֯˿˿ͨ񵤣Զݵʿʮս
ǿʱƳöͨ񵤣ԼķһööָС̫ббʱͨ񵤽ʹˣ֮󣬱ֻС̫ﻹһöͨ񵤡
Сһ֪ںϾŵԪҪɽ٣һöͨȡ֪Ŵá
һЦӹСһͨ񵤣СһСԴ뿪ԶЩԽԶԽá
С̫ǵͷˮˮȴֺ棬죬һĹŹ֮ɫ
⡭ںϸԪѣҸôտĵط˵ԽԶԽãΪʲô
һ벻׵ı顣
צԴΪΣգԶЩ
˵ţҲˮˮʵĻᣬֱץŰˮˮļ粿죬ųԶȥ
С̫קСצӣ˻ӣڹľһ㣬һԶȥ
ܿ죬ŰˮˮС̫Աߣһ۱Զȥɡ
λãͣɿˮˮС̫ҲȻͣ
⡭ҪҪôŹְ
ˮˮ졢С̫һϵжӶЩˣںϾŵԪǷǳ򵥵Ḷ́ȴôĸӺ֡
СŮ޲Ҫܿˡ

ѽ
С̫ŰˮˮĽȻڱһ˼
ĻС̫ˮˮźÿüͷȴǲٶʣĿ⳯ԶǸλÿȥ
Ǹλϣ쾲رȻǿѾ뿪˺Զ
һ΢΢˫ۣһڵľŵԪʱ⣬˿˿Ƶĵâ֯໥䳯м俿£
ˣ
ŵԪڷŹ⣬鲼򻷾УںԵ÷ǳ򵥣ֻһ˲ѱǺϾΪһһƬ⣬һǳ˵ٶȣתۼ뵽ڵÿһ䡣
̼䣬һһɰת۱Խ֯һɹɾ˵쫷磬ֱӲ뵽ɲΣŨϢɵһӿӳ貹ԡ
Ȳǳˣһ̫ŻɽرΪ֮𶯡
ǿɾѣȻôϢɵ򲨶ֱһЩ۷ʿǿˣˮˮȻоʱɾ磬ΪϢ漴ǵȻɵľȣС̫ⲻǼ򵥵ľںϾŵԪɾ𣿺ͿտλԼԶ㣬ȫûʲôϵ
СŮޱ𼱣ٿ

ˮˮǲɵüⶼѾɾˣʲ
ˣ
һֱӴĻ
ⷽأ˲ͷϿգһɫ̼۶ѪɫÿһǿֲˣһѹֵϢǵض£ҪƬضٵ
ˮˮɫ䣺⣬ǡ


1575 ֲѪӰ
ɫкʲ񷣬Ƶ쳹Ϣš
졭٣ˮˮɫŲϵĹµ죬Ŀҵ˸⣬ǡⳡ٣ôܣڣǿɲΰôܻ٣⣬⡭
ʱȻ˳ϵĹ٣֮ɫ
٣ֻʿڿͨɲʱŻɾ磬Ȼ٣Ŀľݡ
֮ǰǺ˵Щر𡣡ŲϵĹ¶صı飺˵ɽٹڿˣѹֱ
䣡
ں𶯣ֲѹֵϢƵ·Ҫﶼ
ˮˮסˣ⣬⡭
ʱ֮ǰΪҪѡһտĵطںڵľŵԪΪںϾŵԪǰҪԶһЩΪЩرԭںϾŵԪ󣬾ֲ٣ѡտĵطںϾŵԪɾΪ֮󷽱ɽ٣ԶһЩΪ˲֮ܵѡ
ֻпͨɾʱŻ٣ǣںϾŵԪɾ֮ǰ֪Լɾ٣С̫Ҳ֪һ㣬һ㶼ԾΪʲô
ʿڿͨɾʱ٣ӭ٣Բһ˸ϵһ㣬ҶܳԾŶԣǣȴȻһ֪Լɲκ٣ҶԴһҲԾС̫Ҳˣ־ɡ
ԾѾûʲôɳԾˡϾСӴվʼÿһ󾳽綼һ٣Ѿϰˡ
վÿһ󾳽綼һ㣬ûҪˮˮϾˮˮѾǿڿɾʱ٣Ȼڿɾʱ٣ȥ֮Ҳûʲôġ
ʲʲô
ˮˮʧɫ
ɾ٣Ѿˣȴ룬Ȼơվÿһ󾳽綼١ĺȻ
ǹ𣿣
𾪲ѡ
¼䣬ˡվÿһ󾳽綼١
ֱ߸֪
Ҫ˵ȥн綼Ϊ֮󺧡
䣡
̶ǳʮرøˣѹֺͻϢѹ䡣
֮£ͷŲϵĹȻǸо֮һֻ̣վ֮ⷽ£һȫҪѿĸо
ɷˮ룬ȻԤеǰֲ

оٵĿ£ȴǲûʲôηı飬΢΢һתңѾȫƿɵҲһ֯
һʱ䣬ɫ罻֯ϣɵ֮
ɡ
Ų񷣬
¡һ֮ϣɫУһۣһ׷ֱ£ƬԭѾɫأһ˲һ㡣
һ׹⣬ֱȻӲϵѹ䡣
ǵȻѹֵϢĲԶİˮˮС̫ǲɵö¡
ƣǿ˲ɱɳڵʿˣ
ˮˮļ¡
ļ³һ˲䣬һ׷Ȼ䵽Ľǰ
쿴׷ȭͷ΢գ֮ɵĹâһƵĲƵȭͷ֮ϣһȭµĵһ׷ȥ
ת۶ѣ߾ֱײһ
䣡
һ޴ĺطƬĵرΪ֮ѣ̳
̳ɢȥһ׷춨վԭأδ
Ȼɵɡ

һ׷ҲԽ֮飬ȴиղǰ򵥣ֻһȭ͸ѹ𡣶֮ԸղǰɣΪɵϣ໥ڣԷԲô׻һ췣
Զˮˮ˳Ծ
ǿµ׹⣬ô򵥾ͱˣ⣬սֱǡ
ˮˮľ
䣡
ٴκҪ˵ĶĤ顣
ѹֵϢ֮ղţҲӵˡ
漴һһֵ׷ȺԻϵĳĵ䡣
Ƶɵ໥ڣ໥һµĻ׹⡣µ׷ԽԽǿС̫ڶɽǰ̷ͨ£˵ͽȻʮɫǡ



ʮսֻǼ򵥵Ļȭǽһ췣֮ķ顣
䣡
ϣ̶·ԶͣЪ
תۼ䣬Ѿо׷ȥʮ׷¡
ʹԶİˮˮʧɫԾΪ׷پ͸ý˲Ŷ԰⡭ôеʮ֣
ԣ˵СЩر𡣡

䣡
ʮ׷ѹ䣬Ϣš
ͨǿʮսɵ໥ϣǿʢޱߣʮ׷Ȼֲˣ֮ȴһҲɵ
ˣ
ύ֯ɫ磬ʩչеĹɱϡ
תۼ䣬͵ʮ׷ײһ
һ̵նɵúݺݲһ£طرǱƬǷ˳һ㣬ر·ݺ̮
ʱڿյϣǺδ
ôµ׷򵥵ĵһսֱǡ
ԶˮˮԾȻ֪Ա˸ʵ˿̼ǰ׵Ļղǿֲĵʮ׷̲ס¶֮ɫ
¡¡ģ죬ϡ
ϣɫ֮УѪɫۣܼ΢С׹ⲻ䡣
Щ׹Ⲣ׷ֻٴͨ׹⣬ȻˣЩ׹ĻȴɺֲܿԿ׻ͨɳʿ
΢С׹Уһ׷顣
һЩµ΢С׹⣬ڵأʹطĵرưܡ
䣡
ʮһ׷ԻΪһ޴׺ӣѹ䡣
׷ѹ䣬̵ǺݲǽҪ鿪һ㡣
쿴׷ȻܸоĿȴ˿޾塣
׷Ȼ£״̬Ҫѡ
ֽӡɵһǰ۳
ҲʱͻȻһĵͷŵصȥ
ͬһʱ䣬һƳɷѪâӵص׳𣬱Ƭ㡣
ûվû
һɭȻ𣬵ر飬Ѫɷ۳һѪɫӰ
ѪӰϣûʵǣϢȴǿֲ㣬ĲϵɵΪ֮һ¡


1576 Ϣ
ѪɫӰӵص׳鲼ɷ̵նʴ졣
Ϣš
Ϊ֮ɫͬʱԶİˮˮС̫ҲǶݡ
Ϣȡ۷Ҫˣ⣬ǡ
ˮˮȻ
ͻȻԵص׳ѪɫӰϵϢ̫ˣٻֲ
䣡
ʮһ׷ֱѹ䡣
ͨâҲ֮ѹ¡
ţɵѪɫӰȥٲȻһǵģʱӵصӦܵĹŲϵɫâУͨ٣ôôǿ漴Ŀµϣ˲Ϣݣ¶ɣģⲻͨ٣
ˣ
ӿ̶ʮһ׷µٶȺܿ죬תͷ
ʱûΪѪɫӰϵ𶯣۶ɱꪣŸոȫƿصɵ׷ȥ
תۣײһ𣬷һ죬ʮһ׷Ƿ顣
һ£ȴûд󰭡
£ĿǲɵÿѪɫӰԷϵϢʵںˡ
ͬʱѪɫӰҲڿ죬дžɫ󽥽Ϊ˷ܡ
Ѫ治ƾã޷ؾۣǰȴôһھѵãܺã
ѪЦͬ㶢죬ವһֱӳȥ
걻ǿնڴˣұһ΢ʶ޾ƾõºһ۳һƻǣȻؾۣʱ򣬼쾹Ȼڿɾʱ٣ǾȣԿ϶ԲǾѣֻҪȡضԼĻָ۷״̬
Сӣ
ԶУȥ֪ԳѪѪӰҪ
쵱ȻҲǿһ㣬ҪܣȻȴһ˲ֱӶˣһ޵Ĵˡ
漴һ˲䣬ѪֱӳǰһѪâС
ʱ䣬ֻоһдУһɾʹ
ȻȥвУʹʱҪġ
ȥ
ʱ޷޷߶͵ֻܷŭ
ãһ˵̫ˣƴս壡˷ܵĿЦڴѪ滯ѪâڣۿѪ⡢;涼ϲʿ
䣡
ϣ̶ƬرøӺڰѹֵϢŨ
ȥ
ʱѾûйȥܲϵĻ׷ƴȫҪѪԷ񣬶ԷҪȡ׷в̫ˡ
ֻǣƴȫҪԷȥȴһҲûС
һ̣ܿ⣬壬·ȫǲһ㣬޷ƿء
СҪˣΪУԦ֮Ҳĸ֣
ѪĿЦ촫
ΪѪ꣬һ̷ɿƶһγıԴڡ
ҪռνġᡱҪĻǺԴڣȡ±ԴȨǽΪƿء
ԴУѪЦһ̣ɫȴǵΪ֮һ䡭ԴڲȻһƬĴ磬Ұû谵޹⣬Ƭ磬ȫһѹֵϢ֣ҰУɻƬ磬ħƵգҪ飬ҪǺͣҪ㸲
ͬʱһž޴ͼƵڲ֮ߣʩʩȻתͬһƬء
⣬ǣ
Ѫͫһɵ͵Ĳ¡
ҲʱƬ嫵Ĵڣ޾ɻħ·Ƿв֮ͳƬеƫͷ뿴Ѫ棬ͬʱ˻ֲϢһɾ캧ˣѪû
ͬһʱ䣬ϵľ޴ͼ΢һĨֱѪϡ
ҽУ̼Ѫдһֱ̣ӱƬ磬һڹ
ͬʱһͷ亹ʱȴǿԶˡ
ˣѪ롣
ѪڱıңϲѺۣңԼ鵭࣬Ȼش
㡭Ǹʲô
죬ͫ׽ŭӣҲû֮ǰǹ˷ܺ;ϲ
ԴڣıԴһĻĻ𾪡
һ˵ԴڣȻôһӡ
û˵ֻһ䱸ĿŶԷ
ͬʱҲЩľѪ棬ϢȵǿеĹ½Ǻ߻Ҫֲ࣬ԴкȴǷش
ƵһĻʮһʳԴҪȡʱҲͬѪһ㣬ĳִѡ
⣬ǸѪ桭
ԶˮˮС̫ҲǲɵöݣҲǷֶԷѣ˲٣ң鲼ѺۣǴմɰ㣬һͻ
ʲôˣ
Ѫ涢죬ϵѺڻϣǴڵľɫŭɫ
ô꣬òײԲʶ۳һƻԴڣֱشĻɡ
첻⣬ʲô˵ӵĽ䱸ŶԷ
ͬʱҲھŲϵ٣һֵ췣Ѿ֮С
첻ѪеŭͺŨ
죬һȥ壬ܹŹ֣ҲȤȤˣ
ղŤ󿦿ķ顣
һĻʹľռޱȣƻǰѪֻһлѣȴǲ˼̵գЩˡ
ԶȻҲΪһĻ



Ѫ죬һûֱӳڣ֮һ飬£·ͬһĴ
ӭŶԷ̲סˣʵǶԷɢϢ̫ڿ¡
Ķͷϣ亹£Ǳñ
Ѫ滺ɷţ̵ոʴ졣
һ̣ŲͻأһͣƫͷƬŵصĶλá
ǡϢԣ⣬鵭̩ŵضϷѪͫǽʲô˫ĿоֱһĨ貵ĹѵǡǼʥף
ȥôƾõ£ƬˣǼʥףƬ򣿡
Ŀ⣬ͻȻ÷ǳ
һ̣ŶϷֱ죬һѪâλãգۼʧΨһЦСţٻ㣡Ҫˣ


1577 Ѫ
ѪЦʧԶʱоһɣ·ͷжһʯһ㡣
ʵǣԳѪѪӰ̫ڿˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶˮˮҲǳ˿
ʲôѪ棬ʲôͷϢֱ
ļ¡
ˮˮ£ֲܿ۷ʱھϡ
ԷֻһȱĻǣɢϢʵںˡ
ˣ
쳹ա
ʹ𶯣һֵ׷£·Ҫﶼһ㡣
Ͱˮˮ̧ͷǸ򣬿Բµ׷
һ׷Ϣɱ֮ǰʮ׷ӿ£ˡ
ʱҲѪ£һֵ׷ѹ£ʱȥѪ£ȫľͶŵɽ
һɵתǿƵʮ
ɫ罻֯ϣ֮ǰ׳࣬ɵ໥ǿԲµ׷
תۣײһ𣬵â
ͬʱ飬ʹɢȥ

쿴Ų
ʱ򣬷һöͨ񵤣ʮսɵⳡɴ٣û˿ɵС
ˣ
һѪɫ罻֯ɫ֮С
漴ʮ󣬵ʮ׷֣ƺƵĳ·ѹ䡣
ηӭϣӲס
ͬһʱ䣬̧һΣɵڻ֮ϴ
ıԴһȻҪ֮洸
ˣ
ɵΪ׺ڣǣ£׹⣬ܼѺۣǣɫâȴǱøӻ񣬳˺嫺͹
һĻԶİˮˮʧɫ
ǣǸǡɹ⣿ңȻŨȡɵȻܹܵɵɫĲӲûɳ⣬ǡ˵еĺ쾧ɣ
ȷʵǡ

ʱȻɵڰˮˮǰõ첢ⰲˮˮɵԣҲǲ
϶Ļش𣬰ˮˮ𾪡
⡭
쾧ǿǴ˵жͱռʥֵûκζͱĲϿ֮ȣǿ߼ۺ죬ƴȫᣬϣһԺ쾧ɵֱռ̥ΰ
䣡
̶쳹
ʮ׷ȥʮ׷ʼѹ䣬ΪһƬ޴ǿա
޾壬ӭϣɵ֮һ𣬳ٵĿ
׷֮£Ҫɵ֮ԶҲ͹˲ûᱻˮˮʵϣͬǰ㣬ʵҲⱻˮˮɺ쾧ɵɵϾѾദôһʱ䣬ڰˮˮǿԾεģɵڶԷǰʲôա
䣡
׷Ϻ
ѹֺͻ׹⣬ⷽؼ⡣
תɵʮӵսӲ٣һʮ׷ʮ׷ʮ׷ʮ׷͵ʮ׷󣬲ϵǻɢ»ָ֮ǰģ
٣ʹɢȥ
ɹȥˡ
Զ
ˮˮĿʼԵɵϣƯ۾ɵĹԲ
ǰȹ٣ɫ΢Щ԰ףȴǲûˣΪͬԤϵǰ㣬ɵӭͬپмİټ֮ʮսˣȻʮֲֿǺĶ˹ȥֻҪķѸɾ˶ѡ
ˣ
ϣ߲⽻֯һ߲۶ֱӴ´Ƭ߲ʹ⡣
߲ǳˣ̺ޱȴֱ֮ӽס
ǣ֮
ûԥһʱת̫ľպ߲ʹ׳
ңͬһʱ䣬߲ɵһĿʼ
ʱ䣬ɿţת۱ǰӹȥ
Ӻϣ߲ɫ΢΢һ漴ɢµ߲⣬Ҳ֮ɢȥ
⽻֯貽âȹ٣˴Ƭٹ߲⣬ʱ򣬾׳һߵĲΣɼڣ˿ɱȡ
ӼܹƵ׳󣬱֮벽ʱҲ֪ǿ˶ٱȫͬնţͨ۷ǿҲĶ֣ڰ벽֮£սԳƵ޵С
漴ȭоԼѪ̺޾·һȭ죬ƺ֮ɳڵǿҲ̫ࡣ
á
лһĨտտ
ϵɵٵϴӣϲ˸ӡ׹⣬Եϣˣ
ңȹɴ٣ɾҲоԳûκ֮ȡ
ǰһãһɵһΣֱƮʧ
Ϣǿᣡ
ʱԶ˹оʱɢϢЩľʵЩǿ
á
쵭ЦЦ΢Ϣ㣬ñ֮ǰƽࡣ
С̫Ľļͷ
˵һɾξȻ٣ңÿһ󾳽綼٣̫Ź̫˰ɣͲϳЩгѪˣҲֻͨɲβŻٶѡˮˮ죬һĳԾ飺У㾹ȻԺ쾧ɵıֱǡ
죬һʵǱ쾪ˡ
һЦû˵ʲôʱȹ٣ɵ֮ǰѪ档
ԷֻһȱĻǣǵϢȴʵЩ£󣬶ԷǴ۷״̬ʱõж¡
ǸѪ棿
ı飬Ȼǲµʱʲô
˵ͷ
Ѫ棬ĺֲܿˮˮʵ˵Ůޣ𣿿֪Է
û˵֪ˮˮҡͷƺ뵽ʲô˵֮ǰϼһᵽʲôϢǼʥףǷ˴˵еλ̩ⷽŵе˰ɣ
⻰һ⣬ƺ
ˮˮôһ˵òƿĺܴ
Ӧþˡ

ˮˮ뵽⣬ȻҲһ뵽ˡ
ܹǰֲѪ涯ݣҵϢ͡Ǽʥס£ýֺͷҲܲµõԷһǷںƵס
϶ԼĲ룬ˮˮ˵ֺۣûûεЦϸָ˴죬٩˵Ƭ̩ŵأòƾѰǼʥ׵ģûϣˡ
бһۣû˵ʲô
ף㲻Ǽˣ
ģˮˮв졣
ۣŮޣڿɲΪǼʥײĵʱʥãȴվֻѡڣҪǣСӵϻˡ


1578 ף
жôĲϾΪǿֻ壬ңһ·ܹһһεϴӴĵرԿս塣ʱǿֲѪˣʵڲһ£Ǹ鷳ϾǸѪʵǺֲܿ
ҲŶڵõѪС¡ˮˮͷ漴ֿ죬˵֮ǰǸϻںʲôˣһ𺳵ı飬˲Ĵˡ
бӰˮˮ̧һ£ʲôСӡƺ̫Ťˡ
ͬʱڰˮˮ⣬ʵҲǱȽϺ棬ʮ׻ʳںѪ棬Ȼʵر𣬵ȴڻǽıԴк˴󴴣ԭԼȴҲ˿
룬벻Ȼˮˮˣ뿪ط
ɴѾȹȻûҪط
ǸѪô죿ȥϻ־ڱصã֮һٱҪôԸ
ʵ
֪

սܶԸǸѪ棬˫Ĳʵ̫ˡ
Ȳֶ࣬ͨθĨ
ڣһλʶеǱ񽣣ҲԸ˶ԷϾԷĺֲֻܿһл꣬ҲԿ̫ͨ߳ˣΪѽʶе񽣴߶ԶԵڵ
⣬˶٣ԹԵҡͷȥ룬Ͼʱʵ벻ʲôԸԷİ취ˣǿȥҲʲô塣
ͷȻֱ߰ɡ
кˮˮ뿪
ܿ죬뿪֮ǰɽٵƬطԶ˳ȥʮԶ
ʱȥˣȰСˮˮҵ

Ƭ̩ŵУǿɢɨķ̽Ѱ
һۣʱȥ
ʲôѰ

գ߹Ƭ̩ŵ򣬵ȴδѰ
ʲô䣬ĿȴǷǳϡ٣ҲȽϿ̣͸ƣѾǾˣҪѰһȻ򵥡
˵
ʱǾһƬɽ䡣
ร𣬷ǳѰˮˮͷֵطһѰⷽŵڣһǰ˷ֹ
һȭͷڸԼľ
һЦƬѾѰˣȥء
䣡
ͻȻ̩ŵغ𶯣Ļ
ȥһɺ˵ڹ̩ŵضϷ𣬽֯һŵϢֻһ˲ѣƬ̩ŵرøӵѹ֡
Ϣ򡭡ֱȱ֮ǰǸѪ滹Ҫ౶ˮˮ̲ס˿Һң򣬺͸ղѪ뿪ķһģһ
ʲôǸϻйأ
ľ
ҲǶݣʱ򣬴̩ŵضϷǵڹ⣬ĺֲܿţֻԶԶĿţһͬˮˮԣǸǰǸѪǰĵطʱǸطĴ䣬Ŀֲڹ⣬ѲǸѪϵһȥ
䣡
̩ŵش𶯣ϷǸطڹøӿֲ
ƬŵУ޾ΪϢĲ
оǣųһס
¡
˵ͷʱҲĸо
䣡
ͻȻ˵ܺƵѪâ֯һѪӰԶ֣ɿĳ
ʱɫѪ档
ߣ
ٵ֪ٶϲܱȵùǸѪ棬ɻڵһʱкˮˮС̫Ӷݡ
ʵϣʱһ߰ŰˮˮѰҹͬʱҲ˼ζԸǸѪ棬ȴʲôͷҲ벻񱻶ԷѰ˶⣬취һҲûС
ɭȻѪһٶѹһѪӡӵĺҲãҵ㣬ԹԸͷ
һǿɼӼϸϸɨڵÿһ䣬Ȼڵĳһ䷢һ΢СͬѪ㣬ȫĵȥѰңֵܷˡ

ĥƴȫСѪ飬ͰˮˮԸٶȶ롣
ţȻѰµѪӡ飬˼ҲûϵͻΪ֮
ѪߣѪâ˸ת۱׷󣬺Ѫâʮ
̼䣬ʮռọ̈̄˵ǰ·ϡ

ҧ
ɫҲǲÿͰˮˮС̫һȫһɵĶѪ档
ǲɵöݣ֮ǰѪȡʧܱѪϲѺۣʱѪϵѺۣǱøˣϢ˲٣ƺʲôشңͬһʱ䣬Ѫ϶һɫսףɫսҲǱ鲼Ѻۣȴɢһɾ˵Ϣʥϡ

ͫһ
Ѫϵɫսףоʵ궼ɵò¡
ǡף
һ顣
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮС̫ҲΪ֮ľ
ѪɨϷЦԻĹ֮ǰƤɵʥףһͷǱ˵ţߣͷȷʵ򵥣㴦۷Ҳ׵
Ȼһף֮ǰȻһͷޣ
뵽ղԶϷǵֲڹ⣬ټѪϸѺۣ޶ʱһЩѪȡͷ޵ףƻ˷ӡ֮ǰǵڹ⣬ԴԱŵͷδ֪ޣѪ棬ҲΪƷ׶ˣѪ֮϶˸Ѻۣ
ߣ
һ𣬴޵ĳ˼
ѪףĿϣֱ˹ȥʥٹŹ֣Ҳס׳
ɭ䣬һȥ
ҧֱӳֻͼתۼ۳ֻͼңɵ֮չ֣һҲһɢǿɱϢ
Ȼ֪սסԷǣȴҲ־ܡ

ѪЦ
첻ֻǽֻͼɵͨ߶ĸǿᡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ϣˮˮɵҲɵɵܺƵƬɺһ̶չֳΪǿս
С̫ѾǴͷһɫ⽻֯ɻˡȸӰ븡֣ػս㻷ϣϢˡ
Ѫ죬ޣԭŵۻʰ㸩һУһ̣Ųȴǵһ̲ͣסһĿ⾪С̫ϡ
壿
С̫ɫֱӱˣǿʲôΪµĶһ㡣
ͬʱĻ֮ϣɫ׷·ʲôӦһ𶯣漴Ļ壬һâֱӳС̫ȥ


1579 
Ѫ棬һϹ⣬ٶȼ죬ת۱С̫ǰ
ವһֻһ˲䣬׻⽫С̫֣󣬸С̫ϡ
춯ݣһΪѪ澹ƺ֪С̫Сһ壬ǣ׾Ȼ·ʶһ㣬ȻѪ棬ɵС̫ԣС̫ϡң֮ǰѪʱ׿װСɸС̫Ϻ󣬱ǺС̫ϣһĻʵľ
Ȼ֪౦ɸıСʱľ˳
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮȻҲǶݡ
ʥ飿ǡСһˣ
ۡ
С̫Լϵɫף۾գ£Ĵʥס
Ѫ濴С̫ľźԵļɵ֮ɫԼǧѰʥ״ʱ뼺ɵС̫ϣȴǲɵþŭ

ѪҧһмɵȴǲɵóС̫ȥ
Ϊ˵еʥףֵˣҲԸԼǧѰʥȥΪ˵Ķ
Ѫâ֯ϣ˵ѪɷӿСֶ̫ȥ
ѪС̫ǵһʱ䶯ֱ֣Ӻȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮһ֣ͨѪ档
С̫ȻҲһ𹥻ɫѹƣҪˢһС
ȹѪǰȴ̫Ϊ̫޴ˣ̶ֻѣѪѪâ֯ƿ޵ɱ⣬ĺɣԳԽٶȳС̫ǰдŨŨļɵڶ˶ٺ󣬻ȻȻ̧֣С̫ץȥѰףһҪȡ

֪Ѫܿ£˿̼ѪץС̫󼱣ֻͼ۶С̫Ǳ߳ȥֻͼĥһ㣬Ѫ档
ҲʱС̫ϣɫ׷⣬貶ĿһɫһѪɡ
𣡡
̶С̫ϣ׹â貣ضˡ
ص貹âɢȥһͷⷽأ¹ͷաáߡס㡢צӥƻţ˵жô޴ҲʮңػС̫ߣ
һɺƵʥϣ̩ŵΪ֮޾սս궼Ϊ֮
춯ݣɫͷڳĹ˸
񻰴˵еһģһ̬
ǵ𺳡
⡭
ǰͷȻ׵Ӳûɳ
ˮˮҲļ£ݺ˿Һ
С̫СԴǰͷҲǲĵɴ˫ۡ
أ񷶼Ϊ֮ɫɫ⽫նȾɫ
Ѫ汻ʮԶסΣʱһĻҲΪ֮ɫ
죬ͷԲһ¡һ̣ҧѾͳʥףֻʣһʶţֻʣһʶĻ嶼ѹƲס
˵ţٴγС̫ȥҪգ˵С̫ǰ̧С̫ץС̫ϵס
𣡡
Хأεɻء
Ѫ¶㤣һ۵һըɷѪâܡ
һĻ˸ɵһ¡
ǸѪ棬ֻһл꣬ҲԿͨˣȴڳֻʣһʶһ֮¾͸ķ飬̫ˡ
Ǵ˵еļ£ⷽڵ꣬ЩǴ۷壬õжǿܻһˡ
࣡
ԶѪƮڿеѪâ£һ۳ǡ
ֻǣһ̣ϵѺԱ֮ǰ˴롣

С̫ڳ꣬־ŭ
Ǽ򵥵һʹķ޾۶ǵĻֱӱ˴롣
С̫ߣ޴ˣȴһƬʣе
ˣǵѹȴǿֲˣѹһУеľ޴Ѫϡ
¡
ͻȻִƮ߽Ӵ졣
̩ŵشҲΪ֮ҡ漴ķѣˡ
ͬʱѪ׻һɣһը
һ𾪡
˵
Ӵ꣬۾ĸԲ
ˮˮҲһɫ
ңҲٴΪĿֲֶֻѣһǿֲѪش
С̫ҲǵԲĴ۾СԴϻϵľ޴ꡣ
ģԶѪٴؾ۳Ѫ꣬ϵѺ۱øܼˣң鵭͸·һ̾Ҫʧ㣬Ϣ֮ǰ˴롣
壡壡
־ֿŭԼǧȡף׷ҪٶʵܸȤǣû뵽ǣߵС̫֮ǰۣɻȸΪ֮Ǵ˵Ǹ塣
û뵽ǣڻĲʶڣڸӦС̫ϢȥʶػС̫һش
Ѫ涢С̫壬Сֿ̫Ѫ棬ʵʲôࣿ
Ѫǿ󣬶ǵˣʱ̲סԷʡ
ʵǣСһԺ⻹ǵһСһˣŪСһ嵽ʲô
Ѫ濴죬ɭʲôƾ㣬Ҳʸʣ
ԣʱܲ졣
ߵС̫ԱߣС̫ͷָ꣬ѪС̫Сһ깥
СһϣػСһûѵʶãֻҪСһ￪ڣһꡣ
С㡭
Ѫʱһա
С̫ǵ˵ͷСԴͷľ޴ָ꣬Ѫ淢ѽ
޴񣬵ȴ·С̫Ļ΢ţؼ䣬޾İɫ⵱۶һɺŵĻϢ˲Ƶ

Ѫʱ¶ΪŨĿ־飬תǳԶӶȥ
ǿȻֻһƻҲԿͨǿߣҲڴ˵еǰǿ֮ǰΪԷֻʣһʶѣ״̬ǳ⣬ӦÿѹƵסʵļ£ԷֻʣһƲʶֲҲԶԶԤϣӵлһеܡʱĶϳǴ˵еһ츳Ӳӡ
ವһٶȼ죬գֻգۼǳ޾ңԶľ롣
Ҳʱؼӿɫл۳һž޴İɫ򣬶󣬰һصĴ̶ХһɫֱֱĳѪߵǸᴩȥᴩȥ޾ңԶ

һĲҽѪߵǸڰ


1580 
ĲҽڼԶԼԿһѪը˿ܡ

ٴԶǸλãը鿪Ѫپ£һ𣬶һѪâԶֻգۼʧ
ϻⶼû
ľ
ղţǵίʵǿֲˣ·һ綼ܸٵһ㣬ʱѪȻˣȴû
Ǻܺˡ
쳯ѪӶݵķȥ˶ٺ󣬽Ŀջأϡ
ڸղһ֮£ǸѪȻûҲˣѾشʱɱԷ
ȻҲ˶ȥ׷ԷΪԷٶȺܿ죬ͶݵûӰ
ʱĿʮҵϣɵ˸⻹һμ͹Ŵ񻰴˵еһģһָܸܵ߹ʥϡ
ˮˮҲڿ꣬ͬһ㣬Ҳǲɵ˸
Ưû
ˮˮĿ⡣
ò˵˵еȷһԲעĿ
С̫СԴҲͷӴꡣ
ˣ
â˸ڸ߿յͷС̫ãȻ彥鵭һ΢⣬û뵽ɫ֮ڡ
һʱ䣬طĵҲֱ֮ʮ󣬳ʧ
һ˵Ŀ⣬ɵֶ䵽С̫ϵɫϡ
ס˵еﰡ벻Ȼۼˣˮˮңꡣ֮УҲǾԵǿ߰
Ŵ۾ֱĿС̫ϵɫס
ױ鲼ѺۣϢȴǷǳ񣬷ǳˡ
˵ǸѪǵ˰˱ѪùˣǧѰף׷ɱǣҵȴֱŵСһϣȻĲʶСһ㽫֮ɱϻѪ̲סЦȻϻֻһ壬ҲûѪ¡
ùߵġˮˮԴ˱ʾͬһ룬Ѫȷ̫ùˣȻԷֵù졣С̫ϵɫףֵû뵽汻ѰˣңǱѰ㡮͡
˵õڴ˵еʥ׵Ḷ́ʵЩЩա
Ҳ൱ľϷԣԭ֮ǰѪѰ׷ȥѾʧȥܵõ׵ϣԷѰɱһĽ䱸أ˵Щˣȴû뵽ᷢġͻ䡱ǸѪ棬ȻԼǧѰ׸ĲҲǺܺա
˶٣С̫ϵףС̫΢΢ü֮ǰԷƣСһ塭˵ţˮˮʵ֪𣿡Сһ࣬һֱֱ֪ղǴѪ塯ĸ֣ǣ壬ȴһƬãȻ
֪Ҳǵһ˵ĸ֣ҼҵһЩżҵļءˮˮ漴ֿС̫֮ǰǸϼһı飬СһӦǷǳġ
֮ǰǰǿѪ棬۷״̬ʱ񾳵ʵϳСһȴ¶ʮּɵı飬·ǼʲôޱȿµĶһ㣬˵Сһֲܿ
˵үи²⡣С̫Թ˵еʥݣ֪ǰеɻˡȸۣǶ飬ǸѪСһ壬ټСһ츳Իɻˡȸ䣬Ĵ֪еǿΪ֮壬ңڸӦСһѪϢֱƿѪСһػСһ
˶٣ŵˣɲôһ£СһһɻȸһҲ飬ȴǼ򵥵飬һ壬ͳ飬СһһΪԱΪ壿
Ļ΢΢ݡ
пܡ

СһﵱڵڻʱԻɻˡȸ令Ļ棬ɻˡȸ֮Ϊ𣬶飬֪Ĵ˵ǿ飬ټ֮ĲʶСһ̬ȣ˵Ĳ²ǳпܣ㲻Ҳȥ
ҲúпܣˮˮС̫˫۲ɵð⣬ͬʱҲ𺳣˵塢塢ȸһһ嶼֮Ϊ⡭Сһж찡ֱǡˣ
Ĳ²⣬ҲǾ÷ǳһ룬ίʵЩ£ȥƵþ˷
֮󣬻ǵȥһż鿴ľ¡

Ĳ²⼫пΪ棬ȴվֻǲ²ѣǵþһ顣Ͼ»ϵСһĸĸ⣬ȻҪȥԴ
Сһ졢ˮˮԼɵգգۡ
СһֿԼɫףԶӣߺ£ԵЩ⣺
ƽȻһգһףúܲڡ
Ӧܹ

С̫գգۣϵɫףĵѽ
СһֱӶϵ׵оΪЩա
һ˲䣬΢һɫ͹âһâವû뵽Сһڡ
һĻǲɵöݣײǴ˵е
ȶҲֻһ˲ѣϾղţڳ궼ܻӦСһĻɱѪ棬ʱ£ȻҲ㲻ʲô
䣡
ͻȻ̩ⷽŵǴ𶯡
졢ˮˮС̫ǲɵݺݻ£Զݡ

ƶĿ⣬ƬŵصĶλá
Ǹλã֮ǰڹɴڣ֮ǰΪѪϮ׾С̫ûйȥʱѪ˴ĶߣҲǸλٴδ𣬵һʱ佫ǵĿȫȥ֣֪䣬ǸطڹøӿˣϢɭˡ
ǵڹøӾˣƬŵأر𶯵ĸطȥλãƬڵĿռһıѣһƻ⡣
漴һ̣һ޺ԶϷ򴫳ͬںʹǸط̼ĸĲ񷣬Ϊ̼̮֮
⡭Ѫϲģ֮ǰһͷֲޣױȡߣķӡ飬ͷޡҪˣ
ݡ

ˮˮļ¡
쿴ŶλãҲľڹ⣬ϢǺֲܿ
ǵϢۣɢǵڹͷԻǸѡ


1581 ڤ
ںڵĹâ𣬴˷ǳϢ̩ŵضΪ֮𶯡
Ҫ˰ɣ
ۡ
üλãͷδ֪޻δڳӡˣʱɢϢȴѾǿֲˣ֮ǰѪ滹¡
䣡
ڹ𶯣̩ŵ𶯵ĸ
һ̣λãһδ˵ڹ漴ر̮һźڹϲ񷣬һ
ڹ⽥󻯳ʵ壬һͷԼɵĹޣʨ鲼ɫëͷ­üĴһǣһ˫ͫ׳ɫԲεѪɫȦƽ֮֯ͫУ·Կ͸һа㡣
͡ڤޣ
ˮˮɫ
ʶ
ͬʱҲڴͷޣԷɢϢЩֲʮֺˡ
С̫Ҳˮˮ
һμֻڹżпˮˮ˵ڤһޣˮ֣׵粻壬ɻȸ䶼ȥ
ڤޣڤ磿춯ݣڤڣ
ǰУ˵Ҫ󣬲޾ǰˡˮˮ˵ȻЩҲżȻڹżпģǲǣҲ˵塣
䣡
Զڹ⣬ڤ𶯣һƬƬڹķ
ڹ˻Ե֮ը飬ر̮ƺҪתۼ䣬̩ŵڣʮɽ˲
໣
ڤ𳤿գ
̩ⷽŵһ£ر̼俪ʼѣһ޴ѷ쳯˷ӣ·𷢳һԵĴ㣬е
ңڹڳܼȥըһƬһƬء
̩ŵأ̮ϱ顣
һ̣ڤ޶ˣƵڹ⣬ͫԵˣ̩ŵصĳһǸλϣŴƬʿſڣֱдƬѪƽ֯һڤͼһУһʿֱӸɹ븹С
⣬⣬ǡ
ܣ
Ӱ
һĻǸλãһʿɫ䣬±ӡ
ڤڹ⽻֯һɣѪһţһһʿ븹УڣнɼĳɵĳϣҲ˲ɡ
ʲô
̩ⷽŵڻʮɵʿ֮࣬ʱȻǿͷڤޣһǴ󺧣Ϊ֮־
ڤ֮һжٵˡ
ǼżϢɫڤʴˣԴž綾
ԶԶĿڤ⣬ǸĲ̫ˣŶԷǼıϢž綾ĺɫڤǶȻǱѪħľ綾ҪֲֲɵöݣǶԷıϢ¡
˵֮ǰбɵһϳƣ̩ŵأ󲿷ʱг綾ĺƣ⡭ò͸ӡ֯ڤ޵ıϢɣ
ۡ
ʹЩݣֶǲɵõͷԷǳ
໣
ڤڹ죬쳹˻ġ
̩ŵأĸرϵĴѷ첻ϳӣ
ʮռ䣬Ļһȫֳһ֮
ȻѪǸϻ쵰ȡ͸Ǽ£ױȡߣӡ飬ͷڤƷһ޴Ѱ

䣡
䣡
䣡
Զڤڹ죬綾ڤ֯һʿѡ
ңͬһʱ䣬̩ŵؽķˣһƬƬΪ̮֮
˲Զرݣһɽ飬̳죬΢ɹ⽻֯һԽһ֮ϣ쳾ص׹䡣
ɹǳ΢ϵ̳ҲģȴǱ췢ˣΪۣͨµĿԶԶˡ
Զݣֽ֯ɫ⣬̧һӣֱӽԶץȡ
ѰʲˮˮĶݣ׼ʣǿе¶ϲ֮ɫ
ͷ֮ˮˮ
б̩ŵأΪѰⶫүү
лл
ˮˮܸˣĴһ깂СĽ֮
ڤȻǸѣ˳˸Сæɽ⹂Ա֡

ղſˣǴӱɽץĹңǿҲʮֲƺʶĻѿԷֵˡɽΪڤޱ飬¶쿴ǻѰ
໣
ڤ޵ĺ쳹̩ⷽŵأԵڹ⣬ϳܽ俪ȥ
ҽУһһʿѡ
һ̣еڤ޺ƫͷĳ˵λÿ
ͫ׽֯ԲεѪɫ䣬ԵЩˡ
˶ʱһڤޣƺǶסˡ
໣
쳹죬񷣬ڤ޻һ˵ڹֱӳ˹
һ˲˴ء
ܣ
һ˵Զȥ
ͷ֮ǰѪ滹Ҫµڤޣǵʵοܵˣ
ڤգ˲ǳ嵽˽ǰд׿ɫ޴צֱ̧һƳȥ
ţ̵շ·Ƕѣռٵ⡣
Сһף
ٵ
ʱǱ޿ɱܣ汻УԻ˲ȫΨһϣֻǺųƷ˫ס
С̫ԣ˫һɫ⵱ӣһʱ佫ɫʥ׸¸⣬ݻһƬɫĻ졢ˮˮԼȫС
Ҳʱڤצ£ֱײɫĻ֮ϡ
һ죬ֻоͨѪ·Ҫըһ㣬ɫһ˲䶼Ǳò԰
ڤ޵ĿֲצȴҲǱɫĻ
ˣ
ˮˮ־ϲײǺųƷ˫ףڤһצԿɿǿߵһˣȴס
쵹ǲôȣһĻһϵˡϾΪӡ֮ѹڤޣôܵ¶ԷĹȻ
໣
ڤٴС̫ϵףͫзų׿Ĺâ˸Ũɫ
һ£Ϊ׶ǣ
Ȼ
ʮء
ڤޱôãȻΪӦС̫ϵ׵Ϣɱ˹
໣
ڤ׿һצ¡
һצ׹Ļ֮ϣһα£ڹĻǺݺһɫ̼øӲ԰ס
Сһܻܲꣿ
С̫


1582 Ԫ
С̫Ļһʱǹͨף漴޹ҡҡͷ֮ǰһκ󣬲ʶķ̫ˣѾ˳˯֮С
ǣܣ

С̫СԴ׻壬Զߡ
ڤ޼˶ߣǷһڤâ׷ȥһ̧޴צֱӾһצ¡
צѴգ޴צһ׹Ļ֮ϡ
һ죬׳ĹĻһצǺݺһڶѪ·Ҫըһ㡣
һ˲ͣС̫׷Զ߶ȥԴԴϵΪС̫ṩΪȻ˫ȴҲҪ֧ţңʮֵĺķ
໣
ڤ׹ˣ׷ȥһצ¡
ΪС̫ȥС̫ףһ·ӣȴҲ˦ڤޣԷٶȱҪˡ
޴צ£һλ׳ķĻϣܵĿռ顣
ôȥаǵȫ꣡

ɫأȻ֪һ㣬˦ڤޣȫڷʩչ׷ȴǼΪķҪ˶ãͻǵȫĹ⣬Ǹʱû֧ףȴǵģֻһ
໣
ڤ𳤿գһˣޱ׿צһδ䡣
ģķĻһһεıУĻԽԽ
ķĻ֮ڣһΪС̫ԴԴϵļȥһ˼ʲô취Եסͷڤޣһ뵽ģʶеǱ߲ɫ񽣡ֻǣȥͨʶе߲񽣣ȴǶκηӦһľʶײ
ҧʼ˼취Լֶκеıȫһ飬ȡһƴСɫ
ǵǿһ½õԪǸ߶ǳ⣬ãʶе⣬ҲöԪпܹסͷڤޡ
飡
һ죬ڤצѹ£׵ķĻϣ˽ǺݺһѪ
ңķĻ˶ø鵭Щƺʱ顣
ڤˣ׿֮ɫ̧צһ䡣
ҲʱҧץаƴɫԪֱָ̧Ͷȥ
СӣǸǣ
һȻ춪ȥԪ
ϣã
ҧ
ವһԪֱӷɳ׳ķĻӭڤ޵צȥ
ڤ޴󣬶ڰƴСԪǺ⣬ĳצƲļѹ䡣
תۣ߾ֱײһ
ͻأ䣬һŴĿɫĹⱬڤֱӱĺɿȥ
ã
һϲһͲµöԪһ㣬ܵסͷµڤޣʱ򣬵Ԫڤ޸ĺɣȴ̲סԾ
С̫һĻ̲סԵۡ
ˮˮȻҲݣǰӳʲôȻͷڤ޸ˣ
ǰԪưСϱ鲼䣬ʱ֯ޱȳҵɫԣ֮ǰǸǿմ½ϵĺʱҪˣңʹܱߵնΪ֮Ť
Զڤޱɣ޴ס˵ͫ׶ŰƴСԪǷһƵ캧˵ڹ⣬ֱӳԪײȥ֮ռ͵ķ̮Ƕ
ֻһɲǶѣײԪ֮ϡ
һ죬ԪһҲδӴڤȴǺݺݵҡһ¡
ˣ
Ԫ⣬ɫâӶĿ
ϵտʼŤһ޴ɫתۼ֯һɾ˵ճڤεڽǰ
໣
ڤ޾ŭ̶Ҫˣе
ֻǣȴѲȥ
ƴСԪһҲɢɫâȴǸŨɫҲӾˣ漴һ̣⻪һӴڤֱӱɫûһûԪС
졢ˮˮС̫һĻɵ붯ݣһ
̡ˣ
۾ɵĸԲ
ҲһĲţͷֲڤޣԪֱ˽ȥ
ǰƴԪ鲼䣬֯ɫâ鵭󳹵ʧֱӴ£ײ󷢳һ졣
һڲԶԪ˰Σǿ
΢ӣԪԵϼ
ʲôڤȴ׶սȥô׵ƷȻ
ˮˮеԪԾС
żȻãҲ֪ʲôֻ֪ԪʰˮˮԪ𣿡
ĺ߶Ԫޱִţҵߣ֪öԪ򵥣Ԫ񼶵ıڿöԪԤĻҪЩ
ˮˮü룬û
΢΢˵ͷĿԪ֮ϡ
˵ڤޱԪ᲻ͻȻƿԪܳ

Ӧòɡ

Ȼô˵ȴǲɵЩǣϾ˽Ԫͷڤô£治ųԷֻʱԱеĿԣ֮һԷͻȻͻƳɻ
Ȼǰһ취ȫȷգǾǽԪѡǰ뿪Ƭ̩ŵأˣȻ֮ͷڤ޴ԪͻƶҲвǣΪѾԶԷҪѰǲס
ֻǣΪǿܴҲܲڵķգȻܶԪ
ϾԪļֵǺܾˣôҲײ
֪ԪڲʲôԿһܹ˽ܶࡣ

⻰µ˲䣬еԪǷ⣬һȦɫâ˲Ϣ佫ֱ֣ವһûԪ֮С
һĻɰѰˮˮС̫Ĳᣬڤޱ󣬾Ȼ챾Ҳ˽ȥ
ô£
ڳݶˡ
ڤҲ̽棬Σհɣ
ˮˮ¶Ǻͼɫ
ץŰƴԪʱû룬ϣԪһ㷴Ӧ뽫ڳ
ǣԪȴһ㷴ӦҲûС
ԣ
ˮˮץԪ϶ȴһû˿á
С̫˫עɫ⣬ֺԼˮˮһģһ
ѽ
СһŭԪͬڤǰ㱻̵Ԫڣ

ͬһʱ䣬챻ɫĹâ֣ʱһƬİ硣
ȥƬããޱߣɫ洦ǣʲôҲ
ǡԪڲ
΢
ǵ֮ǰһĻԼԪâ֣ǿԪС


1583 
ããޱߣͷ
쿴ܣ΢΢ü
һЩڴȻСռ䣬ɵҲһ޴Сռ䣬ǣطСռ䣬ȴЩͬѰ
໣
𣡡
ͻȻããСǰһں
첻ɵΪ֮һǰ޺ķ򣬶˶ٺ󣬳ȥ
ƬСռڣ洦ɫͬʱԽԽǰУߵ޺Ҳͱø
ǰ·֪ж೤һ·ǰһ˴ʱ޺ڴȴʼʲôҲ
üȴģĬĬǰС
񣬴ԪڵСռǲԼİȫ⣬Ϊʱûκһ˿Σոо
ܿ죬յʱããޱߵСռڣǰһ޴Ĺŵ־Ų㣬֪Ժֲ϶ɣֻͨɫϿӡ췱µĵƣһ㴦ӡ޴Ĺ׭
𣡡
໣
޺ޱȴ̶ǴǰӰӿ
УһǳϤ߲λôȻ֮ǰͷڤ޵
쵱ݣڤޱԪ룬ǰ֮У
ͬʱڣһޣ
໣
𣡡
ڴǵ֮죬·Ҫ顣
ԭض˶٣ǰȥܿǰ
ţһ㣬ͥԼϱ鲼䡣
˶٣ǰһš
ȴǷǳȹ̺ͳأķѶ޷֮ƿ
ʹüһδĵţ漴ܿڵĴһӡǣһԱȣӡǺȻԪĴСһģһ
ԪǿŵԿףҪԪܴţڣ

һ˲䣬ǰâ΢һɫԻܿ컯һöȻԪ
⡭
΢ھԪڲĿռԪȴǰô룬ƺЩϳ
ܿ죬ϵľɫɢȥΪˣǰöԪʵʣ۶ɡ
˶٣ö۳ɵԪϣ֣ԼԿ
ѵ˵ڣҿƿԪˣ
뵽
ôţǶһ£½ĿǰϣָԪƶӡϵĹӡǡ
ԪϵĹӡʱֲ뵽һ⡭ţòὫһ޸ųɣ
⣬Ķͣ΢΢üһʱЩԥ
ֻǣԥֱܿеǹɶԪĺѹˡ
ӦòΣա
ô뵽漴ֱԪӡĵõӡϡ
ԪʯϵĹӡޱϣ໥£ϵһ˲䣬ԼĵŶʱž˵Ĺԣš֨һŵŻ򿪡
Ŵ򿪵һ˲䣬һɭ羶ֱѪȺɭ㽫Ʒȥ
𣡡
໣
޺Ӵ̶о˵ӵڴʱҪˡ
ԭͣ˰Σһ󣬴Žͽ䱸֮ģС
̤Ŀռǳˣ󣬲ȴԵһƬ谵˿˿ƵѪâ⣬һɭС
һ˫˫ͫƬ谵Ŀռ𣬻Ѫ졢Ǳ̡ϣҲ¶˫ǡƻ棬彻֯ǳ񱩺ɭϢһʯڣԹ⹹ɵ⡣
ʱƺǸӦ˽Щ޽ˢˢĶ죬뷢
Ϭȸçԡܡ
춯ݡ
ЩޣҲʮÿһͷƽǺޣɼʵңȻɼҲĴڣǿЩˡ
Ȼǿ죬ɾ磬ǿֻ壬ҲΪ֮ľ
໣
𣡡
𶯣ӿһ𣬼ֱӴˣƺܽһж
ϷҲңط޺ˡ
̧ͷȥڲԶһնӵʯݣ˶ٺ˹ȥʯϣú󣬵ٵһµĿռ䣬Ҳĵڶ㡣
໣
𣡡
޺ˣ
ڶ㣬ȥֺ͵һһҲǷǳ嫹ռԵɭ鲼һʯңÿһʯһͷޡ
Щޣ岻һȴǷǳĺ֣ңǺǿ
ȫǽɼ
ͫ΢
ڶÿһʯŵޣн֯ŽǵϢӦͬΪɵĶżϸӦΨһͬǣЩԼɢŵĽǸżǿ̫ˣȫ֮
ɷͫһʯ𣬽ɼӿ켹΢
ϾĽɼ޿ɲֹһͷȻûеһɼ࣬ȴҲɼ޻һ֯ĽϢɲ򵥣һ˸ܲˣɼֻ壬Ѿ̱ˡ
ڶһ󣬱ȵڶ޺ӵռ䴫
һһڶҲһתӵʯݣͨ㡣
һ˶ٺڶʯݣȥ
ͨʯͷʱǰȴһĻʹ޷絽㡣
ռ䴫޺ȴǱ֮ǰˣңԼоľȫɼϢ
㣬ŵȫɼޣ

ôţ̶ӱȵߵĵطʱɵһ
һɼڶɼɼͷ΢ɵһһֱǰƽǣ漸㣬ǣĲɼ񼶡߲񼶡ڰ˲⡭
ûȥھŲ㣬Ϊ֮ǰʱΨھŲûд޺ûиӦ˿һԵ÷ǳžȻûκޡ
Ȳ²⣬ǳɵ˿Һ
Ȳ²Ϊ棬ǣԪڣޣ
ްһ붼ˡ
֪ЩʥأƺҲûǿ߰
⡭
һʱ䣬ɵЩסˡ
Ԫصֱļ¡
໣
𣡡
޺ϣʹܿع
ӿݵ˻ڶ㣬еһڽɼޣЩ޵ʯҹţصһ㣬һɼ޺Щ޵ʯҹţúǲɵΪ֮ݣвɵһƲľâ


1584 ɫ
۲һ͵ڶڵÿһʯңԼʯڵÿһͷޣ콥һЩ£ǾǣѹޣϽһԪĹӡǣʧȥǻۺͼ־ֻʣǿʵԼ׿ԡ
ⲢԾԭԾ𺳵ǣԼƺԷųڵһ͵ڶЩޣңƿغͼԦǡ
ȸоĺͻأȴʵʵ˳ܵĺš
һԣ
ҧ
۶ɵԪƮߣһһʯǰʯҵĹ֮һͷͨ廷ĻϬɶߣΪĹϬ
ͷϬԿ۷ˣɢɼǳǿᣬʯǰ΢ǰ۶ɵԪƮǰʯҵɹ۶ɵĹ΢󻺻ɢʧеϬ˲ǳ˳
лһĨâȻܷų
裡
һХϬдǿ
ΪͷϬ֮ǿ΢жݣȴҲ̫⡣ԷȻԿ۷ɣɼֻԣҲ㲻ʲô

ڣϬһָ
ʱϬϵĹӡǷһ΢⣬Ϭֹס
ǻһĨâĸоûܷųޣңȷԼԦ
һֶͷϬָԷȫ
ڣϬ»صʯңԷҲûһ˿һĿܣת۱ǰʶ»صʯڡ
ַųһ⼸ͷޣԼͷ޷ָбų޶ûΥڵһʱ䰴־ִС֮뵽ڶŷųͷɼޣҲһЩް㣬ȫԦ
ȻУ
£϶ԼĲ룬ȻܷųЩ޲ҼԦԷ
ȻֻܹųһڶޣΪ͵ϵĿռ䣬ȥûСˣȴҲˣţڿԼԦʮɺĽɶս
ʲô
֮£ٲȻѾ޵ˣ˭ܵס
֮󣬵ԵϲʱԷųͼԦеɼޡɼޡޣޡޡڣеޣҲܹĿƼԦ
ֱһֲսⰡ
΢΢κ󷽲Ǳƽ
δƿغͼԦеǿޣվδҪܵϲУֻܷųͼԦһ͵ڶޣ͵ϵޣûа취
ܵ͵ϣܷųЩޣӦҵΪ
뵽⡣
ϲ㿴ۣĿ΢Щ˸漴Ҳ֮ǰǿմ½ϵĺߣΪζԪǰִţһδεҵȡԪһȻΪԪһڼΪǿķԷǺôһ֪ǿޣƿԪ󣬾Ϳӵһ֧µɱ޾
໣
𣡡
޺صˡ
֮ǰųļͷѾʯڣĹҲݻûκ⣬ڿµһ͵ڶһޣŸϲտۣ˳ȥ
߳ѵһλһţΪ֮պϡ
໣
𣡡
޺̶ڴϤͷڤ޵
߲㣬ͷڤԭ񼶱𡣡

һ룬֮ǰȻ񼶱ڤ޵צ±סʵꡣ
ȻһУǶԪڡ
뵽Ԫһ٣ԼԪڣôȥţ
ˣ
ƺӦʲôϣ۳ɵԪԣ΢΢£һüġ
ʱ䣬۶ԪʶںһʹоԪڵƬ˲ñ֮ǰࡣ
ɹԪ൱ԪڡϿңԣҲű˽ܴܼԦеЩޣ

ʱԪʶһԪڵƬĸӦøеһжͬʱҲ֪˳ȥķ
վƬԪڵ磬ٴοԶ˶ٺֽ̧ĹӡӻʧƬԪڵ
ͬһʱ䣬Ԫ΢⣬һâתۻΣ²ʵʵϡ
˳ˣ
ϲԱߣ죬һ˿ı顣
ѽ
С̫۾ˮģ˹ϲ䰡ģʮָˡ
ˡ
ˮˮҲڣͬһ㣬˿
һЦǵˡ
ĳԪС̫ͰˮˮǷǳġ
ɨӵǰλãֺ֮ǰԪɽȥʱλòһǴһڷǳεɽڡԴˣһҲ֪һԼɽԪС̫ͰˮˮԪתƵⷽɽС
ƶĿ⣬һɫ𣬳ҵˣĴ׶˿ˣԪɫϷա
ſڣЩŹ֣ڣ
ˮˮۣɨС̫㱻ԪڣǶǣ߶ζãȻСһˣͨչֳŽԪڳڡⲻԻ˵տ
˵ţˮˮɵ΢΢£Сһƽһܿɰģ֮ǰչֳһͨȴίʵļ£ֲ̫ˣãƽɼǿ߿˶÷ݡǰɫҲǣµˣ·ܷٻٵһа㡣
ԣɵЩգͬʱҲůСһԴ
Сһûˣɡ
ЦŶСһȴʮ־ȣɫǵһμСһǵȷ֮ɼֻ嶼Щļ¡
ѽ
찲ȻĴԪ߳СһǸСצһӣԪɫֱӱʧӰ١
֣ԪȡС
ԪƴСɫǰµɫȣȴû˿¶ϵı仯ƽʱһ
СӣԱöںڣѾǹȥʱ䣬ʲôӣûʲôرķ֣
ʵ
ôʣˮˮС̫ҲǶ졣
һƬǳʵС磬ǳޱ޼ʣرķ֡
쿪ڣԪڵĿռԼһ¼˵һ£ңԼܹԦڵһ޵£Ҳûκ
ʲô
ˮˮ˶ʱʧɫ


1585 ָն
ĻˮˮʵǱĹǺС̫Ҳ˵ۡ
ԪڣȻһһڿµޣ޶Уң쾹ȻƣԼԿƺͼԦڵЩޣ
⡭
ֱۣſڣ³һ⡯⣬û³
ԱߣˮˮҲǵۣʵǱĻסˡ
ҲΨС̫ҪһЩûͬͰˮˮǰԾΪСһȻѾܾãȴͬСһ㡣
ֱ֮ȥʮˮˮƽһЩ
˵ģģ
ʵĻ̫ˣ˿̣Щš
ʲôʱƭ㣿

˵ţԪ΢ֱӴԪڵлһͷɼޣΪһֻȸʹԼɣɢϢȴǷǳľˡ
漴ʾָİȸȫûһ˿һĳɺͷ
һĻ۾ɵĸԲˮˮҲһ𾪣һ³Ļ
ԱߵС̫գգۣű컽İȸһȤģ
һЦһȸջԪڵС
ˮˮһԾǹȥΣ±ƽ
öֱֱǡ
ˮˮԪίʵ𺳡
һԼƽЩԪôȫƿöԪˣ
СҡҡͷڻȫƿֻǿͼԦڵһЩޡ
ƿ
ʵ
ܡ

֮ǰԪʱѾԹˣ뽫Ԫ߶ɱȴûã޷ԦԪκι
ϧ
Щʧ
Ҫ֪öԪҲһڼΪǿķԼԦǾԺˡ
ʧܽеЩ޻սѾһ޴ջˡ

⵹Ҳǡ
˵ͷ
Ԫ΢ԪһĨ΢⣬ûʶ֮С
ⷽɽ߲С˶٣кˮˮС̫뿪
ʲôȥ
ʵ
ǽ̩ⷽŵأҪĿѰ˵еףѾѰˮˮҪѰĹҲѾѰ˵ⷽŵصҲǹԲˣʱһʱ֮ЩӦȥʲôˡ
ƬŵزǾݳƺܲԵ䱦࣬洦棬һЩǺôĵرʲôģ԰ѸΪ

Ҳô롣
ˮˮͷ
ĵǾ洦ٿȡڳ곬ĵر
ѽ
С̫ӦȻʲô顣
£ѭһ򣬳Ƭ̩ŵصطȥ
ܿ죬߳ȥԶǰһǳ嫵ĴɽɽԼɣֲܶ࣬ÿһֲܲƽԿ
ɽ
춢ǰɽ΢Щݣ΢ݡ
ɽôˣ
ʵͬʱҲǰɽΪ֪ƿΪóɽƣʱ쿴ǰɽ쳣ɫڵһʱʶɽѰ
н֯˿˿Ƶƣǰɽ΢΢üЩš
Ǹˣͷ
ͻȻһԶֱӽĻϡ
˳ȥ򣬰˵Ӱ֣ɿĳطգۼ
ǰ˸ӣѪܻΪɳڵ۷岻ȡ
Ȼǣɱųϼλֶֺˣ
һ
˵Ļ΢΢˫ۣɲǼ֪˵ݣǻ汦ɵĵӡ
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮС̫ȻҲ˳ǻ汦ɵӡ
㵨ӲСҶԶųϵֵֶܺɱ֣ǲ֪ôд
汦ɰ˸УһЦ
˵ǻ汦ɵǧŵӣŵӣ֮ǰ˿ǶѰ㣬ϧûκνȴ룬ȻŴɵĵӣ񣬾Ȼ뵽̩ⷽŵ
ߣŴɵĵΣȥյɳڶѣֻѰŵӣڵɣȻΪôһɳڵŵӶǻ汦ɵһɳϹȥ
úϻնͷ­׸ųϣҵȶԣǴһ
Ц
Ȼǻ֪ѾǽǿеĶųϸնˣɱȥ͡
ն
ȿڵӵΪɳڣɵǷǳףµ˲䣬ֱӸֳһŵâֽ졣
׳ա
ὣɱ̲ס̡
񣬻汦Ǹų϶Ѿɱˣ⼸汦ɵĵӣȻɱȥǸų
ԱߣˮˮҲǲɵ÷˸ۡ
ﬣ
̶صٶȺܿ죬գ۱ǿ絽ǰն¡
Ľ֯ڽ֮ϣһԣиĺֱ졣
ҳСӣһƲڻ潣ǿ˼֡
ǻ潣еͨĽҪƿغÿɲס񣬿ƣѾܺȶļԦͨˣ
ȷʵͨʿһҲ÷Щܻ⡣
Զ߸е˵
ֿһеһ꣬ϴԵĹάʦȴǲ̫Զ޷ȡ
Ȼ޷ͳʦֱȣʦֿѾ۷壬ܴܿﵽ벽ɣΪһ汦ɵ洫ӣ
ʦֺܿܳΪ洫ӣңԳʦֵʣΪ洫Ӻ洫ҲǶ֮ˣ
Ҳڹάꡣ
ΪأΪ˵İ˸汦ɵǿһˣ۷壬ʱ˵ĹάƽȴǴһ˿˿Ȼ֮ɫʩչͨնǸΪҳӣҳͨĽǷȱЩ򣬲ףͨɳʿǿϲ٣һԣԽնɱڽ¡
仰£ʱҳѾǰ佣ϵܱøӵľˣ
ȡͷ­ͬȥ㡣
ҳЦезתֱӳĲӺնȥ
쿴ˣƽĮһЦ
̧֣ܼ򵥣ָֻᵯһɫɳ

һ죬ɫײҳն֮ϣķѡ
󣬽ɫƲգ۵һҳüĹᴩһĿѪ죬ʹҳҽжֱͦͦĵ£еɫ̼ʧӰ٣仹ãʶڵȴǱֱӻˡ


1586 
ѪˮڿУ汦ɵҳһڵϣϢ˲Ϣȫʧʹ
ʱ䣬غ汦ɵʧɫ
ôܣ
һ˴󾪣췢𹥻ҳʵɲѾҪﵽˣʩչͨĽͨ£ȴȻ쵯ָ͸նˡ
Ҳֻǲɳڶѣôôɾͽҳ
һҲ𺳡
ɫ΢ŸոճҳһԽնһ̣ȴǽҳһУֱڴ
жԶԶһȫ
쵭Įɨҳʬ壬˵
ֱնҳΪɱżǼͶۣΪԷǰЩɱ汦ɵһĽֻͣɱͣҳһˣҲһԣնҳֱֻӸԾ棬˿ڡΪɱżЩˡĽ͡
ʵϣҲûЩ͵ıҪ
汦֮ǰľɫʧתΪŭɫ
ɳڣɱųֵֶֶһ汦ͳɱ֣͸
еһӺڣʱȥ
Ͻ֯ԣɱ⣬һμǳǰһ졣
ⲢǼ򵥵ǹһͨмдƷˣܵĿռȫһ˿һܵĻᣬƱȸղǸҳնͨɽǿ˿ɲֹһȫͬնܽһж顣
ѹ£죬Ӻϻƣ»ϣܡ
롣
˵Ļֱһĳ
һƣȫǴȴǱȻӼĶϻƻҪʮתۼǻӵһڶԷϡ

ӲҽУֱӱһĵķ飬Ψǿݳһľ塣
鵭Įָᵯ֮һɫ⣬ֱն
һǸоնɫĿ£־ݡ
ֻǣݻɫٶȿ켫ֻһ˲ǰڹᴩһĲҽУֱӽ顣
ôܣ
汦꣬ȴ۷⣬˽ɫ䣬̲סһڵĻ꣬ȻҲô׵ľͱնɱ
ɨˣƽٸһλᣬ뿪ȫ
ɱɳڵҳڵĻ꣬ûκεΪԣնɱȲεʵ̫ˣնûκ𣬱Ͼǿֻ壬һ·ٵڣ֮ǰɵȶǿɵ񣬰벽֮£ܾ޵С
汦˵İ˻ʣˣȴ⣬ˣ˴ɳڣ˴ڣʱĿսɫǱòôÿʵ̫ǿˣԶԶǵ
Ҳʱһ˳ȥĮ
ʦ֣
ʦҪˣ
٣
ղŻɫôÿ汦ɵӣʱֱӱ
طǳǿ󣬴۷弶ΣѾҪﵽ벽ɲΣ񣬳Ҫ֣ţҪˣתۼ䱻ѹն
쿴أԷΪȷʵɶڵԣȴҲʲô
һҲˡ
ƽ
汦ɵӵĶУһǲɵЦ
ɱҳˣò˵ʵǿΣվֻǴɳڶѣ磬ҲͼͿҪﵽ۷ĳʦֿ⣿Ȼʦ˵Ȼ
Բѣ
Ϊǡ
˳
ɫĮһȥÿһϵøŨ߲ʱѾﵽһߵ㣬Ϣˡ
漴һ̣ϵĽϸֳʮŵ⣬ÿһⶼޱȣ·һУȻһڷǳǿĽͨ
һ
Ըһɳڵʿʦ־Ȼֱʩչһ
ҽ̻潣еĺ֮ͨ£ûмƿصˣͨɽͨǿǧ
󷽣汦ɵӿųؼʮŵâǳԾ
漴˿죬ԾɢȥǱһƬɭ
óʦּһ٣Ҳ֪ңı
һЦ
ͬһʱ䣬ԣʮŵøӵǿʢ

ؿ죬һָӵ̬߸ϵĮĵ
仰䣬֮صʮŵֱӶˣϻһ̬Ӹͬķն죬佣֮ܽһжѡ
򵥣
ü
ʩչͨһ㣬Ϊ۷壬Ȼǿ󡣡
ˮˮ
Ǳ糣ûʲôˡ
˵ţֱӶ֣ܼ򵥣һ£ϴһɫ硣
ǿĳһơ



һؼʮŵֱӱĵķ顣
ңһ͸մȥȵڳϣһ֮ĺʮԶ
ʦ֣
汦ˣ֮ǰ䳰˲ʧתۼ󺧣۷ĳأǿĶһ׾ͱ飬ʹóرǱɡ
ˮˮҲǲɵ¶ɫ
ˮˮ죬۵һŸɾûãȻ򵥵Ľ۷ʿˣ
ҡͷܼ򵥣Ҳͨ
ԶɵĳסΣɫĮʧˣʱ죬¶𾪵ı顭ղڶһѾ˾ųսΪ֮ͨǰնɱҳˣʹ첻һɳʿȡ
ֻǣû뵽ǣ۷ľųսȻᱻ򵥵ĸʹĺɳȥԶһЩˡ
죬оɫҲкɫ۷Ȼһɳڵʿˣңǵͬе汦ɵӵ棬ԣһڳ裺⡭
ﬣ
̶ֱӴ˽Ļ
̧֣˷ϻֽӡ콣еһǿɱͨһ޴⽣۶д˫⣬ֱĳųնȥ
⽣죬תۼؽǰǿʢĽ۷ĳزɵúݺһв¶־ı飬̲סУס֣
ƽǲܰ顣
֮ǰ֣㡭
ƽ
וּһ⽣øЯ¡

һͲʵĲҽֱӱնһѪͬʱһ·飬ʹ
ʦ֣
⡭ôܣôܣ
ܰ
˵İ˸汦ɵӻʣˣʱ򣬸̲ס
۷ĳأȻҲնˣ
ƫͷˡ
Ŀƽȴʹ˸ֱ¶־ı顣
һ̣ವģһ⣬ȫԶնߡ
۷ĳضɱˣ˷ǳԼȻҲܵס죬ֻһΨܣпܱס
쿴˶ߣƽϣĽԻÿһⶼͨһֱͨ׼Ӷݶ˵ͷ­
䣡
ͻȻΪĵĶԶһɼΪǿܸ֣ٳ
ܾܺˣдŻĽϢʹԶݣƫͷȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ѾݳԶĻ汦˲ɵһֱֹסӶݵĲŶȥһߵӰֱǵҰС
ϣ
һϲ


1587 ۷弶Ľɾ
汦ɵ꼤Ŷһ߳ǿĽϢһ̩ŵеһˡ
ಣ
ƿյֻ˲ѣ߱ǳ˽ǰ
ϣ
ѾݳԶ汦·أתۼǰ
ϣǸɱųϵֵֶܺˣһָ죬ɱĺ֮ǰԭǰ˸һѹȥųȴɱǻ汦ʦֵܣУߵĳʦֶɱˣϣһܷŹ
ͻȻԭŵĿ־ʧˣֱӻ˶Ϊ߿ǻ汦ɵһϣڽɲΣһɳڣȻη죬˿̿죬ڿһʬ塣
Ϊӥ֣ĿϣǱ䣬˵ĻĿʱøӱкɢ
ǣ֮ǰɱһ汦ͽɱһ汦ˣܺãǳãӥΪ˴ɵǰ̩ŵ泤еһˣϵһˣΪ֮ǰյһŴʶ⣬ɱ汦ŵӵĻ档˵Ȼһˣɭ˼֣ĺȵԪ׷ѰǶȥأ
еĶԪȻָżǰʱ䣬żǰ׷ɱˣԭԶżɼʵתۼѹ˻طŶԣǣԶż뿪ⶼѾȥյʱ䣬żȴʼδطϵҲûκλӦʹһ汦ɳ϶о˲Ѱ
ǣһնѰҶż󷽲ǡԶӦطǻ汦ɵйϢµǻ汦ɵĵʩչзǳҵĴս漴תȴ룬ˡ
˵Ԫȥ׷ɱˣӦü

쿴ߣԷϵĽɼϢʹо˾޴ѹǣıȴûʲô仯޼ɵңȻ֪ԷеĶԪָżˡ˵ţһ䣺ɱġ
ʲôɱɱˣûҪڡ
ȻҪǣó߶ĺɱ⣬ԣ˷Ѵ࣬Ϊô˵Էĺɱⶼɢ
ʲô
汦ź߽ӥֶĺʣĻش𣬶ʱһ֮ǰѾɱǻ汦ˣǻɵĶųȥ׷ɱ죬ʧȥټ죬ƶųϱԼɱˣ
ôܣ̿
ųϴڽɾ磬ڽɾĶųǰɾ϶㲻ϣɱ˶ųϣ
˺ȳ⡣
߽ӥĿֱ̣ӳȥɼϢ֯ɭɭ䣺ɱһ汦ɰ˸ӣԺؽʬΣڣϷԼѰʶǷ֪Ԫɵټ˵ţֱ̧֣ץȥ
ӥΪɼǿߣ˿ץ죬ȻûжֻͽץȥϢȴҲʮˡ
ıǳƽӭŶԷץֱֱۣӾһȭϡ
ˣ
һһȭ̺ǿ·Ҫ̵ն䴩һ㡣
תۣȭͽӥ̽Ĵײһ𣬾ֱһ졣
ӥһĵŵŵɺˡ
죬ȵվԭء
⡭ôܣ
汦ʧɫ
ǵĳϿǴڽɾ簡ȴȻһɸһȭˡ
֪ǺǿİˮˮС̫ɵõ˵ۡ
ɳڣԴ֮һɣǡ
ˮˮɵ÷ۣʵǱ֮ǿЩûƢˡ
Ѿܺͽˣ
ʵ
·Խǵ˺棬СʵԽ󣬶󾳽ʵǸŸɳڣȴȻһȭ˽ɣֻҾʮٵϴӣҲԾίʵЩˡ
ҡͷȻ޷ͽȣ֮һȭ֮ˣΪҼȫֻץ
˵ţǰǸط˵ĺ߽ӥѾסΡ
С
죬ӥоɫŭɫ
ýɣһʿһȭĺˣ
һʱ䣬⣬ϢøŨܷ֮ǰӾңһγȶȥɱ⾶ֱɢƬռ䡣
оĵĺɱ⣬Ȱ㻹ǰ뿪򣬻ڡ

ӭŽɾĽӥ֣ʼԵ÷ǳƽ
뿪ڣӥŭЦϵĽøӾˣһȥϷͿϷڣ
˵ţٴζ֣ٴץ졣һΣ˽ɼȻһǿͨ
ӭһıƽһҲֽһ򵥷ӡ
ʱǰһɫУһͷгһ޴
аɳͫ׳࣬һһɫֱӭϽӥĴ֣͵һϵܣֱӥֵĴֻķ顣
ĿѪ죬졣
ŵŵɵģӥٴκˣͬʱɫˡ
㡭
ǰİǺݺһо˼ֲ
ͬһʱ䣬汦Ȼɫ䡣
⣬⣬⡭
Űҵɫ˷о˾ѹԵ궼ɵþ·һ̾Ҫѿһ㡣
ٻң⡭ôǿ
˿죬ɵ¶ֵı顣
ˮˮС̫ҲǳԾ
⡭Ǵö﻽ģǽɼ𰡣ңܹ۷弶Ľɣ
𺳡
֮ǰѾ˵ԴԪлްսңۼ컽һͷɼİȸʱ򣬼컽һͷ۷ɼɫ̲סԾӲûиɳ
ɫŰɳǰ£ĵĶŽӥ֡
ȻԪڵٻΪһ۷弶ޣұǺ֣Ȼϰ벽ɣҲ·
Žӥ֣ϹŵЦŶԷʳָɳɫʱַһĳŶԷŹȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ֻһ˲ѱӥǰһβɨ
ӥ־㤣һʱǿֵͨȻɫԶǿѹ֮ͨϡ

ҽд̶ѪˮĽǿĽɼǣֱӱɫһβķ顣


1588 Ѫ
ѪˮƮڿУɼĻ汦ɳϱķ飬ƬѪˮڵ档
ϣ
汦ɫ䣬һǿϾһͱˡ
ˮˮҲǳԾɫ𺳡
ģѪ䶯Զ߽ӥ۳ʱ̲סɫһ飬ӵģеᵽĿֲ
㣬㡭
죬־ŭҲû뵽쾹ܻȿޡ
ˣ
ҧ汦ɵӵͺȣһʱˣԶ롣
컽ɫԼԿⲻˣֻߡ
ವһת۶ѣ˳Զ
ңͬһʱ䣬汦Ҳٶȳ룬Զ
Ц΢ɫһͷ۶ɵֱ˲׷Ͻӥֱ֣һβ£ڽӥϡ

ӥֲҽУǱ
ͬһʱ䣬汦ɵֻ꣬ɫӥֵβӰ죬ĺɣ׹ڵأһǴڿѪ
áǿ
ˮˮĹƣ̲סۣӥֲͷɫĹ֮£ȴֱͬһ㡣
¡¡ģԶӥַɿ¾۳ɫѾʮֲ԰ףȻɫ˺صˡ

ɫֿ죬岻ķӵľŭһɫвεİ
ͷ̫ǿˣסӶݶ߲ˡ
ͬʱһɻڶˣһʼѡ뿪֣Ͳͬ˿̵С
ôڣǲǺˣ
ʱ
ӥֵһŭ죺㡭
ƽһʼҾ˵뿪ڡ˵ţŽӥʳָɱ
𣡡
ɫܳʮռ䣬ֱӥ֡
Ȱ벽ɵɫ乥ޱˣӥȻҲǽɼɫĹ£ȴԵЩȻɵҲãһδαɫķ飬һδܴ󴴡
סס֣
ʮ󣬽ӥѾǽ;ƿݣǿ־壬
ֻǣȻ֣ɫ·Ĺɱ
ܿ죬ʮȥӥҽУֱӱɫ
׿񣡡
ɫɵõۡ
ϾܿȰ벽ɵĺޡ΢½ɫԪڵУ汦꣺ˡ
㣬㡭
ӭ쿴Ļ汦굱Ҳ
Ҳû뵽ֻɳڵ쾹ȻֲֶΣȻܹٻȰ벽ɵĿֲսһĽɳϽӥǰ򵥵ľ͸նɱˡңʱҲȫˣһǸųϣһ֮ͬǰ˵ѾɱǾȻɱ죬ӶһѾֱͣǾһЦһ޴ķ̡
ǣʱȻûоȥںЦͷ̣ȻںģֻԼ˵⡣
ѣҡ֪ˣ˴šŹǰɣ
ġ
ǺǲܵģҲ򲻹ֻģϣܷŹǡ
֮ǰһôʼˣ
ķ̡
汦ɵʱɫúѿȴ˿ﷴ
󡭡
ӲͷƤ
һЦûʲôĻֱ̧֣ܼĽâԻֱնˡ
һʼ͸Щ˻ᣬûֱӾɱǣֻǣЩһɱͣľ͸Ļᣬ˿Ҳ⣬ˣô飬ɱɱ
ﬣ
Ľնٶȿ켫ת۽汦֡
ʱ۵ѪˮĽ汦˵һʱ䱻նķ顣
ңͬһʱ䣬ɫʩչеһ̼佫˱¶ķѡ
ˣ
ﰲ١
ǽˡˮˮ죬˫۷Ź⣺Ȼܻôǿ̫ˣʱΪ컽ͷԾͷĹƶԣԸ⣬֮£ٲȻ޵ˡ
á
Ц
ҲǴžâĵԪǾĺñ
ܻǵȾ˵ޣң֮ǰǵĻУܻ޵ɲֻһͷǿܻޣһʮּ
ѽ
С̫ҲĽ
֮һ˵Ŀ⣬ǰɽ
˵Сӣ֮ǰɽЩŹ֣ǹŹʲôطүоʲô
ʵ
쿴ǰɽ˶ٺĿطĵرüͷɵ΢΢
ӣǺ棺ôˣ
ˮˮС̫Ҳ
˾ŸˣڵϵѪȫˡ

ôһ˵ˮˮС̫طĵرһ㶡
⡭ǲˣô£
ˮˮ¶ɫ
ӥڣطղˣѪˮأʱЩѪˮȴȫʧˣرһҲҲΪѪˮ͸֮ڣҲ͸Ѹ٣ϳ
⡭
ü
н֯âرֿǰɽ
ʮٴüһ
ˣ뿪
ٵ
۶ǰɽһѪˮľ޴ӰһϢ֯ɽ䣬궼ɵһ
ɣˣΪ
䣡
Ƭ𶯣ֱӴĻ
ǰɽѪâֻգۼѣɽһɶһ޴ı鱻ڻһ㣬󣬴ɽ֮׸ֳһ޴Ѫء
ѪӿɺѪˮѪر潻֯һףԼ˵ĺХд졢ˮˮС̫һ
ɲǼ䣬طռ¶һ˵ٶ½նΪѪصĳֶѪɫһɭѪɷϢƵʹ̩ŵؾҵĴ𶯡ңѪɷϢɢΪ֮սս͡
Ϣ̩ŵڵļ£ȻǹŵҲܵ˴󲨼ǿĴһ̶ݣң̩ŵء
̩ݡ
ѪɷϢѵǣ
Ѫأ
ڣǿڶݣһ˲ϢƳգ̩ŵء
ͬһʱ䣬̩ŵڣһѪɫӰŲ񷣬˴ʱλãͫ׾ҵ˸˵׹ǷѪأƬŵأ


1589 
̩ŵش𣬾޴ѪطѪ죬նȾһѪ졣
һɷ·ܸʴѪɷ֯Ӿ˵ɭ졢ˮˮС̫Բɵô˸ʵϢ̫ˡ
ˣ
ԽɫŰˮˮС̫һʱ˳Զ
ǷѪأо·ԴȪ
¡¡ɿȥǰѪطĸϵһжʴˣѪر渡ֳһѪ״һޱȾ㤺ޱɭĸо
⡭ʲô
оͷƤ飬Ҳû뵽֮ǰνġɽŹ֡ĹŹ֣Ӧ˵ǡ¡ˡǷѪأо嶼ھʹ·һ̾Ҫ
ҲľһεȵѪأУ·飬·׻
ءѪأ
ˮˮͫΪ֮
⼸֣϶ʱ¶һ˿ɫƫͷѪأ֪ʲô
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߵС̫ҲǶˮˮһȱ顣
֪һЩˮˮһԹŴԣһ޴ѪأǴӵ׹ΪѪأӵ޾ܽеȡ׳򡣡
˵ţǰѪأҿĹżڹڵѪصǰƬѪ֮ǳ񣬻˵һģһӦþǵѪûˣû뵽ⷽѪأȻ׹СС̩֮ϡ
ԣɵһС̫Ҳǲɵõ˵ۡ
Ѫأӵ׹⡭
΢Щ˸
ʮʱеС̫ԱԵƮ룬ⷽѪأȻҲǴӵ׹
˶٣ˮˮٴʳһ⣬ˮˮĴڣ
ഫɵƮ뼫пκźһĶ䴫˵еĵǳϣǣȴɻ޷ȷǷĴڣдɻ
ˮˮᵽطѪǴӵ׹ңˮˮɳ֪¾ԱҪܶ࣬ԣʱ̲סʳôһΪǺ⡣
⣬ҲǲɵÿˮˮȻҲǶԴ˷ǳ⡣
ڵġ
ˮˮͷ϶Ļش
⡭
΢΢Щ˸
ʱ򣬰ˮˮ϶ĸĴڣǰڼڿκźһĶڼڿٻɵĴˣ֮䣬Ȼе
ȻĴڡԱߣҲ¶ɫ˶ٺһʰˮˮǣؼĵ䴫˵еĵһģ
ˮˮҡͷ̫һĵͷеĵƵ㣬ҲŲСĳ룬ĵһƬ磬һƬ硣
磿һƬ磿ǣʲôλãĵص£
졣
ôܴڵ£Ƿ׽Ĺֵ˵ˮˮۣĵഫ޹̶λãʼƯڻҵʱУѰѰ˵ţֵңڤһںܾõǰҲˡ
ˣ
һȻ˴ˣ
ˮˮͷݹżϵΪϵʱ컻صսĴ綼˻ٵ֮һ
ǡ
ˣǲɵЩ˸
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ͻȻƿյһطΪģȥͬķһӰɢľǿޱȣɵϢŨˡ
Щˡ
춯ݣһӰǿߣпڡ
ˮˮ֮ǰҲ˵𣬵Ѫӵ޾ܽеȡ׳񣬵ѪطԻڵȻǸӦϢʱһڴȫ˳ǳѪضȡ̺ڵѪеǵΰ
̩ŵزƿбɵʮֻʮɵĵͽʸ룬Щôģ
ü
бһۣӶ·ˣʱ嵽طģĸߣڶУôһȺۺһ𣬻ʮɣ

Щգ֡ԼӶ˲ʳղǵ⡯뷨
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
Ӱ嵽ûһߣһֱЩˡ
䣡
Щ˸ѪȣǿЩˣŵѪأж˸մմâȺ֣ǿͨСĵ̽ѰѪأѪأͬˮˮ֮ǰԵǰ㣬ҪѰѪڵİΰ
ԶԶĿѪشǿӿˡ
ҪҪҲȥ̽ѰƬѪأѰеǷѪڵİΰǾ׬ˣ
ˮˮǰ
ȥҡͷǰ̽ѰѪصˣԶǿǣȥЩ̽ѰѪأԲʲô£һǵһЩ˲˳ֶԸǣǵסȻҪǣǵ׹ĶòҪմȾʲôϵ
͵йصĶǱʶûǾԶ֮ȽϺã̫Σա
үҲô룡
ڵһξ˫צ޳ɣ´Ӱˮˮе֪ǵѪܹʱҲһҲĶΪѪغ͵йء
ͷߣ˵ԽԶԽá
кˮˮС̫ѭһ򣬳żԶȥ
䣡
ͻȻ𣬴Ϊ֮Զȥһ
ⷽԭԵЩ谵̩ŵأʱ̼øӻ谵ʮռϯ¶ԼƷٵĽ͡
ȥ֮תۼ۳ŨƣһѹֵϢ˲ɢƬÿһ䣬·һٽҪٶ°㡣
¡¡ģٴξ𣬹ŨƼ䣬̵պѿ޾Ʒͬ嫺һڡ漴һ̣Уһĵֶɭɭģ·ռȡ

ɫ
˽һΣϢ͸ΣﵽɾΣһ룬Ҳɾǳˡ
û뵽֮ǰʰˮˮڵ⡯ʱŵļʱȻð˳ط
ԱߣˮˮС̫ҲΪ⼫ĳֶݣ¶ɫ
@#ƶôܵطˣ̲סǰѪأΪͬӵ׹ƬѪģ
ͬʱѪظΪѪضһǿҲǿ˴ðļǱɫȻ֪Ĵڣ֪Ŀ¡


1590 ʮһ
ƹӿš
޴ļʲ񷣬ԻҵʱðʱΪ֮󾪡
ΪѪض
Ѫԣһ̽ѰѪصĴ￴ŲϵĴǶݡ
ȻЩ˶֪Ĵڣ֪Ŀ£ȻеһЩǿߣɫҲǱúܳء
Զ˿Ȼļ¡
ߣ
кˮˮС̫һٶȳԶ롣
Ŀ֪ģǾһԲĽ
ߣ
УٶҲǷŵĺܿ졣
֮ǰǵѪеİİˮˮʱҲǽŵ硣
ವģٶȼ죬תۼǳȥԶ
Ҳʱϣ΢ڵĴ
𶯣һζֿµԼӶ£ͬˮ׹أɲǼʹ̩ŵطŭţһƵĺɫ绡֯ռ˶ûңˮư㵴ֳһ޴ĿռѺۣһС
쵱ͷƤһȻ̫ϤˣʮϼҲ£ʱˣ˶ֱӱ뼫С
Ҫȥ
ͺȣһʱǿܻ壬ŨϢķɢ
ˮˮС̫ȻҲڵһʱĻâ֯Ҳӿһܵľ޴Ŀռѷ죬һ߳ŸԶ߶ȥ
Ȼܿ죬ޱһֳܸѷøˣңһɺŵӿһֻֻδϣʹתۼͬһ㣬жȵܵơ
һɴǳŸһɫѷȥ
Уɭ֯·һĹʾУҪǡ
ѽҪȥ
Уӽ߾ȫĴ߶ɼƵһһԡ
ȻҲȫʩΪѷڴĿֲȴǷ֣ãȻΪɾǿߣҲǵû˿취
һָˣӺɫѷֱӸѹˡ
ˣ
ܣһɫĿռѷ콻֯ԽԽ࣬ÿһռѷжкɭӿ·ͨʱŻɭˡ
졢ˮˮС̫ǷͿ⣬ȴǺôʼɫѷһĳһɫռѷȥ
գһУֱ뵽ɫĿռѷڣתۼʧӰ١
ͬһʱ䣬Ƭ̩ŵڣطҲǱ鲼ž޴Ŀռѷ죬һһʿѷС

Ѫط潻֯һιʱһƬһƬѪˣһɫĿռѷӿ룬ת֮䣬ѪرʧӰ
ңͬһʱ䣬ѪظһҲԵֳֵܸĿռѷڴת֮䶼ǱУ˲Ϣʧ
ڣʱ̩ҲΪ֮𶯣طֳɫѷ죬һһУϵսսǾ㤶־塣
⵽ʲô
ҿҿ

ʿŭͨ𲻵ãҲЧһռѷڡ

ĺڰҰУʲôҲʲôҲоֱȥԼʮ޾ĺڰռ𶯣һֱӽ˦˳ȥ
²ʵʵϣܣռ谵ɭԵЩ䣬Ŀһѵɽͬһͷͷնڵص㡣

̲סЦ
ʣĻɭϢ⴦طǴڼڡ
ʱôֱ꣬ǿڡ
ѽ
С̫ԱߣɨƬ谵ռ䡣
ˮˮҲԱߣʱ򣬶Щˡ
̲סƿڴ@#ֱ˽
ʱУഫǧųһΣ̶ʮѾϼұУֱǵù͸
ԱߣˮˮԭҲһ˵ı飬µĻǼڣĻȴǲɵõֱۣ˽Ȼ֪ģֿ죬ʵǣ֮ǰһΣ
ʮǰһΡ

ĥɥһǵ˰˱Ѫùˣôģ
ˮˮԣ˫۵ɵĸ
һΣϴξȻû
𾪵
ͷ̲סðߣ̧־ͺݺݵһ£ʲôСϴξȻû᲻˵
ˮˮűõĶͷ࣬һǵ͹ϵĴ˵ȻˣһЩҪȴǱǵµһԳǵʥǽ뼫󣬾Ȼܻųֱ漣
ǵһμһαУȴ֮˽⣬ΪĹż׷ݵޱƾõǰڹżпĸִ˵֪Ŀ£ȻҲѴˣȴȻʮǰһΣһ˳ʵ̲ס𺳡
Ļͷ˵ģһҲûУܹ뿪ȷʵ漣ȽϺöѡ뼫һڿֲʯ׳룬ͼ칬սļһǣ¶ͨ·˾ԻڼС
˵⻰˶٣ʰˮˮ֮ǰƣǵҪһЩҪ
ˮˮᵽȻԴЩ档
ԱߣС̫ҲƫͷˮˮȻһҲܺ档
ˮˮϵĵ伮أҪʮһΪʥƵһСʮֱ̥ˬľʬʸȸĵ
̥ˬľʬʸȸĵüЩݣʵʮأ
һЩ䣬ǣֱ𱻳Ϊ̥⡢ˬ顢ľǷֱΪʬʸȸǶࡢΣУǶͳǣһЩҰʷҲΪǡǺͼǣһʮһУȴ⣬ʮĵȫǰ֮Уʲôر壿
ȷʵйءˮˮͷǣ֪ģͨǣһ꣬ʿڴﵽһǱͻΪ꣬Ҳľ󻯡
Ҳ˵ͨ꣬ǿʿ꣬ǿ⣬ʵ϶ɣÿһÿһǶޱȵҪȱκһһǣκһһ𣬶ᵼһĴ󴴡
ŵʮ֮ǶΪʮĵֱӵƿءźͻǵĿֶΣݳƣһƵȴԶԶԽѵֵͷס


1591 ţͷ
ŰˮˮĻ첻ɵöݣʮһȴ⣬ʮĵȻֱſֱӿơźͻǵֶΣ
⡭
ɵü
ͨҪͱԴǿʿҪͱԴͨ꣬ǿʿ꣬ʵʶɣʮĵֱܹơǣǺֲܿ
˵ʮֱȪΪ
ǣĵأ
ʵ
ˮˮڵĵ˵ڲԶԶʮĵҲ˵ǵˣ˵ǴؼĻʯжǿ󣬺˵żжֻᵽֲ֡ܿ
˶٣ڵʮŲ
ڵˣǺܺ棬ʮһĵǷ񻹻š
֪ˮˮۣڵǸȫˣϾ͹żأЩڿûһ࣬ÿһֶ֮ǼĵҲǵ֮ǿֲԻٵ׾٣Щʯؼ䣬ԻǸ鷳
ôǿ
ü
󣬼ƥ׻ж¡
ϻ˵ϵĴ֮һǵȴʮһ׼ôܻˮˮ˵ţֺݺݵĻ˻ԴЩˣҪһôȥɥôˣǴ򰡣һôᣬ绪ïɲҪ˰
ɨܣҲͬⰲˮˮĻʱҪĻҳȥ·
ϴôȥģǵ··߳ȥ
ˮˮ
·ڼ칬УλãҶ֪ʲôطң·ǱǿײڹѾˣڣǸطҲȥ̫Σˣȥˣʮ
ߵ칬ʱֻǴεΪɾʵ𵱳Ǹʱ򣬿˵ǿǣҲΪˣǸʱ򣬱Ǹĸо칬ǸطĿֲǸطĿֲﶼУӵ
ǸʱǿڿֲʯͻȻ룬սһ⵼칬һͨ磬һ˾Ի칬ܻŴǸط߳ˣĻȥ
ǸطޱȿֲټϣǱʯûб»صôǸطֱǻԴȪҪ˵ǼɣһȥǸطҲԻᱻ
ɨƬɽʹ￪ʼ̽ѰСһЩȡҵ
䣡
ͻȻڵɽ𶯣һ翪ѣйг
ѿһ߾еĹűӵص׿ɢżŨϢ
ǻֳֹŵֳսìֳͭꪣʼһǶסˣŵսìͭޡ
ﬣ
һУһƬƬ
˺ˣܡ
úǲˡ

ʱѰҳ·ҪûбҪȥЩбս
Ϊǲûʲôʵʵ壬ֻǴ˷ѡ
үҲô롣

£ԶˣܿȥԶ֮ǰЩбȫ˦
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰܹ
ȥԶӰȻǱеʿǧˣ˿һȺбڲ໥

ҽд̶Ǹطб̫ˣҲһϣʿĿԣռžԵϷת۾ʮɾʿɱ
ɱḶ́ǳͿ£ʿֻҪбеĹűлᴩǻк͹ᴩκһطʮ·ʲôľ綾ǣȥʿڽڣڻһƵĺɫУʹ֮µбΪɱվȥŵʿսǰҪǿ󼸷֡
⡭
һĻˮˮۣˡ
죬ҲһĻ
ʮǰ뼫ǼʿʧĪǣе칬һǣк͹űʹñǣʿбǲ뵽Щͨļбᴩͻ˺̶ۣµļбûôŰ
ǽʱļбԶûôǿұǳŵĹű˻ᴩҲԲǻµбڡ
Ծ⼫еЩбǽ˲ɣȿ
ﬣ
̶ıڻصǺб֮ǰɱǵЩбһ·׷£׷ٴɱǡ
׷졣кˮˮС̫ܣɫú࣬ǧҪ˵סʿб˹ᴩתһµбЩ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶׷ļб٣ʮżΪɲϢеĹűʱȫ׼졢ˮˮС̫
ңͬһʱ䣬ǰмбҲʮֹ֮࣬ìޡ
üǰлʱ򣬵Ѿܣöˡ
ֽӡתɫƵ
飡
飡
飡
գԸаĴž޴Ч߼бɣɳȥǧԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮС̫Ҳһ֣Խͷбɡ

ҽڻصطһƬǳտƽԭƣ죬طСѪݣһһʿȺ󱻱бᴩ̶µļбվŵʿ
ֻǶݵİӶѣطǧʿһࡣ
бȴûм٣ңһЩ
뿪򣡡

طļб̫ˣʵǿȥҲпѡ
ˮˮС̫ԵͷѭһбٵλͻƶȥҪԶ
䣡
ҲʱƬƽԭҵ𶯣飬޴ӰŹԵص׿ʮɶߣһӰţͷһԱ鲼Ƶʯһ棬ϲһڵ·
˶ʱɫ
ţţͷ棿
һ£Ӳûɳ


1592 Σ
ʮɶߵӰӵص׿һţͷһ棬ݣ˽̲סһ飬ٲȻʹ˵еţͷһģһ
ͬһʱ䣬ⷽƽԭһʿҲΪ֮ͷһ
⣬⡭
Щʿ
ԭĿֲбѾЩ˼ˣԵֵȴ룬ʱȻֳ޴Ӱʹ˵еţͷֱһģһ
𣡡
ţͷͬҰްţͷӰӶ˫Ƭâתۼ佫ʮɼʿ֡

ڹֵʿҽУû𣬵ȴһ˲ʧȥʶڵأдƬֱЩʿ֣תۼ䣬УЩʿµļб

ҡҷӰζϵĺɫڵľٶȿ켫̼佫ʮʿᴩ
Щбһᴩʿ岢δ飬תۼƮ̶ʹЩʿΪµļб
üڵļбţͷ棬ȥûʶڣ£ƺ׳б
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮȻҲǷһ㣬ǲɵЩ졣

ҡӰӶɫʱ˹ᴩ
ˣٶȼ죬ת۱޽ǰ
ʩչ콣նһâӭ

ײһ죬Ľâֱӱ飬ң챾Ҳһŵŵɵĺ˳ȥԶɫȴƲѹ
ʹ춯ݣһչݻʮ󣬳źɫӭϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮС̫Ҳһ֣Լ
ȻӰӳĺɫ̫£ɲǱһУɵ
ס
ȵ
䣬ˮˮС̫ͬʱλλնյıܿӰӹĺɫ
һЩʿûܶ㿪˱ᴩǷ̶ĲҽУ漴תۻб
ֱ
£Ӱ̫ˣûֵûܵס
ˣ
պʮɶߵţͷӰʱͬʱӶ˫һڵ棬Ƭ棬ͬʱˮӵ񷡣
ʱҽгƬĴת۾ʿƬеʶ֮ʧӰ٣֯Щʿ۳С
ʿתۻбͬһ㣬ŵʿ
⣬⵽ô°

صţͷļбֻת۶ѣطһʿȴ졢ˮˮС̫⣬ˣȫ˼б
ʱţͷӰӰԼб붢סޡ
ûҵʶ·ֻǼ򵥵ɱ¾ֱޡ
ӰһϢƵӸͬλó˷Ŀռȫˣɭ̹ǵϢһ
ңͬһʱ䣬ţͷӰӰҲ޸һѹ¡
ʹĹȻҲܵס

ͺȣٵĽӡϸֳƬɫС
𣡡
໣
ǰĴƬɫУһͷͷ޳ÿһͷɢǿĽϢת۳ǧͷһʱ䳯ϼбȥ
ʱģбȫǧͷĺɡ
һٶлλܿţͷĹ
գСǡƿԪܴ滽ǿĺޣղȫˣ
˸
ղʵǺΣգЩбǿټϿֲţͷһϮǸ޽֣֮Ҫ˵ĸɣһɣҲԻ䡣
ߣ

ʱ򣬳ŴԪڻǧɼǣסļбţͷӰкˮˮСֱ̫ӳԶ߶ȥԶ
漴ڿԶ΢ǧԪ
ٶȺܿ죬ʮ󣬿Խ룬һĹڡ
Ǵ˵еļ
⣬⣬ô죿
˵ӵƮһУͺѻ߳ȥ
Ƭֻɭɭģ֮ͬǰǷƽԭŲʿ˶ɫѿУһЩ̩ŵʿ̩ϵͨʿԭŸԵ£ɼһȴǽȫ˽
ߵЩʿҲǲ⡣
ÿγֶ飬󡭡ûܻ߳

ԹԵҡҡͷɨƬ֡
ڣֲ겻٣֦ɳɫҶӳѪɫȥЩˣ·ǱѪˮ೤һ㣬Ҷҡҷɭɭ
ʲôһɾƵġ

УһʿѰҳ·һȺ
һۣʮȥ

ͻȻвҽ
Զһľ֦ҡҷһ彡˶ʿᴩתʹʿʧȥʶѪɫӹľ֦ڴܳʿ֣ʹʿܿ۳СʱļУȴǺ֮ǰļбЩвһǳִĿѪɫɢŵϢЩ
һ˵ݡ
@#ЩǳɾˣۣңǸ˿ǽɼ𰡣Ȼô׾ͱ
Сģ
ΧѪɫֲꡣ
ͬһʱ䣬طһʿҲΪ֮ɫ
ЩйŹ֣
˴С
ҲʱƬɽ䣬һѪɫľҡҷ·һ㣬һ֦ϯܵһʿתۼᴩʮʿ
ʮʿһ⣬ȫ֮ͬǰǸʿһתѪɫԹľ֦ƮЩʿ۳ѪɫļУб
漴ЩѪɫбʿܰ㣬ֱɱʿ
棬۱ʲô˵ữб

ҲüӵǰһĻĻȥƺȷʵˡ
ĵѵдţڲʲô
ô
˵ʱһѪľҡҷܼ֦һˡ
ûд⣬ȫ콣նĽ⣬ϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮС̫ҲǶ֣Լǿͨ
ʵǿһ𹥻˵Ƿǳˡ
ȻѪɫľ֦̫ǿˣͨȻȫ˲ЩѪɫľֺѪɫֲתۻ޵ͨ޻ȥٶȺܿ죬·ڲ׽㡣
ܣ뿪
ͺȡ
Щľ̫Ѱˣ£ٶƶȥ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ̶ľһѪɫ֦ͬް㣬ٴγ޻ȥ
ңͬһʱ䣬طպɫ쫷˷ɣͬʱƬˣ졢ˮˮС̫ҲһЩɫ쫷С


1593 ɭĹ
ɫ쫷ͻأϯÿһǴľˣɭϢʹ̵ձŤЩɫ쫷һ޴ĺɫУ
תۼѣƬڣһһʿɫ쫷γɵУ̼ʧӰ١
̵ˣ
һ
ˣ
ˮˮе
ɫ쫷࣬ޱŨʱвپˡ
ңͬһʱ䣬ƬڣЩѪɫĹľһ֦Ҳ޻
Сģ
ͺȣһʱ佫ɼΪ߶ǿһʮ
ԱߣˮˮС̫һֲ֣ͬâƵ˷
¡¡ģʱ޽ȫʩΪǾˣʮѪɫ֦ɸ˿ȥ
Ҳʱһɹɺɫ쫷ѹ˽ǰɭϢޣܼдһɫС
ɫһʱɫĻչһֵͨ⡣
ˮˮС̫Ҳûд⣬иǿâԻһѹ£ĺɫС
Ȼɫмдǵ̫ˣ·֮ǰʱЩɫѷһ㣬Եֵת۱ʹܱ
漴һ̣ವģͬʱɫûգۼʧ
䣡
֣ⷽɫ쫷һƬһƬϯһɫУڼ˱طһʿҲȺУž֮ɫ
ܿ죬ȫû

ҰһڰֻоһҲֻ̹ܶܲǵɭ
֪ǱղŵĺɫиУʱĺڰаԸӦ¼ֲûܵˣ˿ղЩɫУûʲôɱӦЩɫ쫷ɿռУֻʹñе˱תƵλöѣ˼еˡ
֮ת۹ȥʮʱ䣬ҰȫڰӺڰ׹²ȵʵʵ֮ϡ
ȥطռ¶ȼߣһһ׳أɫҽ׳ڷܽһС

ԱɨطһƬһƬ׳أдļ¡
ʵЩ׳ڵҽȥЩˣȻΪɣҲ
ƣһɵȥҲ˲䱻ٻٵһɶ
ˮˮӡ
ͷȻҲǸоЩ׳ڵҽĿ
ɨܣ˶٣ɫһ䣺Сһأ
ɨϣͻȻ֣ˮˮԱߣС̫ȴǲڡ
ˮˮʱӦҲͻȻС̫˿ûкһ𣬱鵱΢䡣
֮ǰЩɫо룬Сһﱻط
Ӧþ
Ͱˮˮ
üҲ뵽һ㣬˶٣Сһ
֮ǰЩɫУֻʹñе˱תƵĿռλöѣ˼еˣԣСһġǾˣʱǺܵģϾǼضΣ֣СһǲǺܳ죬ͬһ㣬ͻȻʧˣܰĵˡ
£кˮˮɢǿѰСһϢ
࣡
ط׳һһҽ䣬ͬˮð
졢ˮˮ̯ǿѰСһϢԶȥ

ҽдǰɫоطʿֻǣˣʱǰߵҽ˴һ׳վֱӽһʿ׳֮£ɲǼʹñеʿҽ֣ɻҡ
⡭
׳ħСģ
ˣ뿪
һʿɫ˴е
Щ˶ɣȴǴһľ㤣ɿԶ
˶һĻȴû⣬ʱǿܣϸѰС̫⸽ȴȫӦ˿СһϢ
䣡
Աߣһ׳ڳһħɸߣ̯׻ץһޡ
ħϢǳˣΪǿ׻նյŤ
ûд⣬һʱֻͼħѹ׻ӭϡ
飡
ֻͼǳǿħ׻ײһʹħķ£ҽ
ߡ

ֻͼֻǽ׳վħ˶ѣδ˵ԷʹЩľڶԷǿᡣľһ˲ʧˣڣ׳վħǿǿֻͼû˵ԷҪҪǸϽҵСһ
ٶȺܿ죬ˮˮٶҲ죬ܿԶɢʮռ䡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
طһ׹ȣ׳Ŀ࣬һͷһͷҽ۶ɵħվ𣬳졢Ͱˮˮ
˸Լǿͨӭͬʱλλܿħú׹ȵıԵλá

󣬲ҽڻ죬׹ڻһʿЩ˴û졢ˮˮǿʿеħȺ׳УɲǼ١
ߡ
û׹еЩʿкˮˮȥ
ҵС̫Ҫпȥ׹еЩİʿ
׹ȣʱֱɭ
ȥ죬졢ˮˮǿ̽ѰܣгȥԶ߸ʱ󣬿ж˼ΪŨѪϢңǰһӰڳԶȥǿޱȣ֯
ǡ֮ǰ̩ŵصЩȻȫط
ݡ
ǰӰʮ⽻֯ŵϢǿľˣȫ
ˮˮ˶ӣеˮѪζЩ뼫ƺ׷ѰǵѪصϢط
ͷȻҲӦطĿн֮֯ǰǵѪصѪϢͬˮˮһ㣬µЩΪǵѪضѰ
뼫ȻҵѪأȡѪеİΰЩϼһǣĿǴĹԣûΣո𣿡

ҲĴûΣոУţǱкȻΪҲʼûҵȥ·ˣڸӦѪصϢ׷Ҳ·ȡѪеʵʱͻᱩǣǸʱ˵ֱӾܴһ·пȥ
ˮˮ
룺Щ
ڰˮˮĲ²ҲǺͬһ̣΢䣬ĿǰԶҵˣ
ʱտǰԶλãǸ򣬺ʮȥķһ¡ǸλüԶĵطоС̫Ϣ
ˮˮȻ֪еġҵˡָӦС̫Ϣ˳ĿķңȥúǶݡ
ҲӦˣСһǸϣطŰľ롣
ˮˮ
ͷкˮˮǸطȥ
ҲʱһĹƮ𣬴һɭȻʹһһ


1594 Ѫ
ԭǸʱƬռĹȴǸһɭɭĸоôӾС̫ϢǸʹնΪ֮
оһ궼ɵΪ֮
ǣ
ݡ
ȹɭãʶ˲ñʹʮǰ뼫칬ĹʱŷǳƵĹ־ֻǣĹⷽ𵱳Ĵ칬дǵҪǿ˲١
ģɭĵĹٴԼԶ
ҧ꣬ȫԼʶ
ҲʱһƹƮĵĴʹǲɵһ
ԱߣˮˮҲһ㣬ʱ嶼ǲķʶڷɿżѵȻڿˮˮҲܿãͬеλȥ
ҧǹӰ죬Щѵ֣ˮˮ
ˣ
ܣֱӽֻͼ𣬽Լˮˮһ֡
һʶеԪűԼ˵ʶ
ʱ䣬ʶȶҲٷָ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳָ
ˮˮǳٻЩֱȥʮ쳯֮עһ˿̫ľĽɫѹһ£ɵôеˣ


ɭĹڳˮˮ󣬵Ǳð
գղǣǹ
˿Һ
ղŵ£һЩӡ󣬲ͱɭĵĹǿδ֪ء
ǰʶ˱ͬʬһ㡣

Ŀ⿴ǰǸʮǿߣʱ鶼Ǳôͬľż㳯ԶȥٲȻѾǱѹ˼ʶ
ˮˮ˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻҲǿһĻɵñɫ
ǿ߶ѹʶ޷ңһݣֿ˵ǿ߶ⲻǵȹôסģңͬһʱҲָ
ʵЩ𺳣ǿ߶ⲻ˵Ĺȴȫסˣһˡ
һΣǳƵǶŵһĵֿӦԣҵӰҪСһЩһ㣬ҲԸղԹʱԹĵֵҲҪǿࡣȻҪģӦûԪãȫסǵȹûĻҾ㵱ҲԲֵܵס
ϣƴСԪ֯ŵ⣬ɭĵĹйǵֹŹֱӱԪɢϢ˿ȥ
ԭˮˮȻĿڰƴСԪϣ˫ĿЩһ
ȷʵܾˣ

ѾǱԪ˺ܶˡ
ɭĵĹʧǰЩǿ߳ɭĹķѾ߳ȥԶʱȫʧ졢ˮˮҰС
ԭض˶٣Ԫ𣬶кˮˮҲȥ
ΪС̫ϢҲǴǸȥҵСһ
ˮˮ֮ǰķУԵСĶúǿȥԶһɽ
ʱͻȻ䣬첻һ

ͺȣ͵Ľɫ֯ˮˮ֣ƳԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ԼҲܣһƣ뿪ղŵǸλá
ƶ˲䣬һѪɫӰ֣д۸첲ϡ
ۣ
Ѫˮ½䣬ֱӱֱը֮С
ɼϣȻô񡣡
Ц
һѪղǸλãϳɷЦŶ졣
Ѫ棡
ƳȥԶϽâ˸ϵֱ˲Ϣ¾۳
ʱǰѪ꣬ɵҧҲû뵽⼫У֮ǰ̩ŵͼȡѪ棬ԷҲ˼С
ͬһʱ䣬˦ȥİˮˮסΣȻҲǿѪ棬֮ǰΪʲô˦ԭǸӦѪɱ
϶ȻҲ˽

Ѫûȫǻ壬죬ɭ⣬һͷԹ
뵽ôñ㣬һΣ㻹ѵˣעΪУ
ɭЦ
Цĸףϼһ֮ǰļ˵Ĳɣʣսôܳҫҳ飡үСӺͰŮ޼ֱӸˣ
Ѫ濴ӱɭȻ棡
˵ţһ϶ʱɢһɾǿϢһ˳
һطյƬ
㣬ô
һ
棬񼶵Ĳ⡭
ˮˮҲһ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳɫͱ䣬ǰѪ汻ĽǿӶ뿪ǸʱܸӦԷĻ˥˼㣬ɼҲɱԷŲûйȥãԵĶԷȴǻָ˳̶ȣȸոʱҪǿ౶ţͲ
ô̵ʱڣҪǵȲҵ״̬»ָȳ̶ȣͲܡ
ѪЦԿʲôѪؾȻҲƬԻ˳ȫ뼫ĹУǿȡеһѪ٣ò˵ѪڵѪ治ףЧܾˣ
ɫһ䣬Ѫ棬֮ǰȡ˵ѪеһѪ
Ѫڴ˵аƥΰڲҲ֪ˣѪȡǵѪѪض̺еѪеһ˿ǵȰΰԲʹѪڶʱڻָȳ̶ȡ
ߣ
ҧкˮˮֱӺˣԼԶ롣
Ѫ۷״̬֪ʲôΣǣӵĶԷԲǿˣֻӶһ;Ӷ뿪һһ˿ᡣ
ΪС̫Ҳñס֮С
ȥС̫
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ˮˮһ̽ٶޣգ۱ǿɡ
Ѫ涨վԭأȥ׷Ц
һΣѪˮ֣֮ǰ˺ֱۺѪ⼸ѪˮΪ뼺һĨתϽ֯һ޴Ѫ
ѪΪϱϤԴϢΪģݻѪܵ㴦ʲôطתۼ䱻СΪԴһֱϣ
ѪЦָһ㣬ǰѪʱҫ۵Ѫɫâ
ѾݳԶ첻һԶһεİסˣֱӳ֮ǰӶ뿪Ǹλȥ


1595 º
εϣʹɫǵǿǺѹ
ҧ߾ȫֵȻȴһҲûУǹε̫ˣʱɿĳ֮ǰλöȥ

־ּ
״ȻǺѪйأΪܶݳԶȴѪ֮ǰڡѪ󡱵ĻʱǸѡ
ˮˮȻҲע⵽Ǵ󾪣ȫȴûκãǱĴֱӸĺɣѪ
㶪ȴԴֻܱѪڡǣԴܶ𣿲ܡԶѪɭȻЦע鱾С
ǰ֯ع䣬ļѪˮΪӡ֮ǰ챾Դں֪һıԴϢΪģδǿ졣
壬ܿƵĴԶĵطԼٶȱѪλá
ҧӽĿ⣬ȴǺһʼһûһá

ʮ򣬵ھɽ
ɽھصڣľ䣬ŨС㡣䣬ĵϣĵرѤâ֯ۡ
ϵһСԺڣ裬ϾͰһߣƿС
ʱߵŤֱӽ¾˽ȥ
һĻʹԱںϾͰ붯ݣһ
⡭ڸռǿ£Ͼ¶ɫ˭ô󵨣

򣬼ڡ
εĴ֣ǿгѪݻѪȥεֵͿⶼκãˮˮһδμͨҲû˿á
ֻת۶ԣɾһζţ챻δǿоѪ
Ѫ֯һѪâУֻоˣһָҲˡ
㡭
ѪѪ棬Ӿ
ѪѪ⣬ЦſűǿеѪе죺ܹŹ֣Դأ
Ѫڿȥһоƿ֮УзĿԡ
ΪȫͲܡ
Ծ߱һʲô챾ԴڵֹŹҲӦ֮
Ա仹δȫָӦǹŹֵıԴȡѾûκ⣬֮ص̵ʱڴﵽ۷壬Խ
Цһ졣
Զˮˮ󼱣֪𲻵ʲôãǳѪȥ
ѪУʼãֻѪ泯Լ
٣
ѪɭЦƽĳȥһС
תۼѣ뱻Ѫŵ죬ֻʣҵľ롣
ҲʱԵպŤһŮϢĳ֡
ŮһϮɫȹһɰǴӻ߳һ㡣
ԵúܰƽͣͬʱҲ
¡
ⷽռ䣬Ϊĳ֣ͻأð
ԭĿһǺºͲ١
£
쵱ɫ
ǰȹŮӣȻ£Ϊ֮Ծ¾ͻȻ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶѪ˹ȥҲǴ󾪣¹
ԱߣѪͻȻһȹŮӣˮˮҲǳԾ󣬸Ǿȣǵˣ˵ţ¿Ѫе£ϵľݸЩ˸ãƯ
ҲŮӣǷǳƯŮӣһֱԼòʮţһ̣ѪͻȻֵ£ȴǲɵһԲλĸо£𺳣ϾȻôƯˣȻͬΪŮӣʱ򶼲ɵһĶĸо
ͬʱѪУѪֹסͻȻֵ£ʲôˣ
Ѫǿ죬֮ǰܹӦȴ졢ˮˮԼ⣬ûκˣʱȴͻȻѪС
ѪУɰ촦ðŵİɫв
ǰһ̣裬һ˲䣬˴ط
ֻǣȻˣȴû˿ãͳԾı飬ʼԵúܰ
ͬʱʱȻԵ졣
Ȳ𣿡
죬һ˲
죺
Ȼһֱ֪ƽռʮְĹ֣û¶ʲôʱ£ͻȻһɰ󴫳ҪȲ𡱣̲סЩպΡ
˶٣ʵô
¿ԵʮְҲʮ᣺ıԴйء
һ㶣лһĨ⡣
ʱµĻתۼ뵽ΪʲôʱⷽѪУΪʮʱΪƽڻҵ屾Դ£ǿз˲ԼıԴ£ЩֻرԴһֱµıԴ֮ڡѪѪΪӡıԴϢΪģԴݻѪǿž߱ԴҲ
ȻʮҲзֹֻرԴСΪСˣԴСӡ۳СֻرԴǾʧˡңСֻرԴҲԶԶûиµֻرԴࡣ
⡭
ͻȻǰ£ŶԷԭЩסˡ
ʱѪŹ⣬ѪٴͬʱһƳȥ

֪˭֪ΪλͻȻѪУǶûϵ⡣ֻ죬Ҫ̶
Сģ
쳯ºѪ棬ǿֲĺܣ񼶡
ͬһʱ䣬ԶҲǴ󺰡Сġ
ͣ
ѪУѪĴ䣬ѪɷϢţһһա
ǵϢȻһУҲ˲
ת۶ѣѪѪɫ֣ĵ½ǰ
ԳʱǱѪ棬ʱɰһҲû·˿ûиӦѪĴѹ˹Ŀϣʮְ
һ̣ѪĴ䵽¸ǰֻҡȻҲʱѹѪɫȴ·ʲô谭Ҳѹ£һ̣˴ͬѪɫĵ˰㣬ĺԶ



Ѫɣһ촫ѪݻѪ󵱼һܼѺۣͬ֩һ㳯ӿȥ漴һɶ
ʱ䣬ϵǹδֱʧ±ÿԶ
£㡭
ǰ£¶𾪵ı顣
ǸѪ棬ӵʵղһ䣬ԽһȻ¶ֻǰվԭأûκһܵĶɽȴǹµѪѣԶĿ𺳡


1596 ѪǱ
쿴£ĿľݣʵǱסˡ
ǰǿѪ棬ڹʱʲôûһ£Ѫ漺ȴǱɣ̫ˣϾѪʵ
ԶͰˮˮҲʧɫ
ǸѪ棬Ȼˮˮֱ˫ۣղšʲô
ղţֻѪ£һ̣Ѫ漺Ǻ˳ȥ⣬ûпκ·ʼնǺܰվԭء
ǰµĿϣеɰϢʧƫͷϴ¡


Ȼ֪
УڹɵѪ棬ʼû⣬·طû˴һ㡣
䣡
ܳ⣬Ѫ𣬿ֲɷƺҪʴһУתۼ³˻
˭
£Ѫ溮ʣϴɭŭ⣬ͬʱҲһ˿ݡȻûлָ۷״̬ȴҲɼʵ״£ղһ£ȴȻǵû˵£Լĺɡ
±Ѫ棬·ûѪѪĺûκλӦ
ܣԶͰˮˮĿϣʵС̫أ뿪ʮ֪С̫Ǹһģʱ￴ȴûмС̫
쿴֮ǰӦСһϢķ򣬶µСһڡ
䣡
ɷѪϢĻ
ѪѪâƵʱŭˣ˵ȴֱ
ʲôˣȥ
ɭȻȵһ𣬻ûһѪɫɱɱֱ¡
һֲˣһ˲ñ̹ǡ
ңǵȽƽֲ֯ѪɷϢʮʹ˵ˡ
ת۶ѣһµͷ­
֮һоҲ֪֮ǰµһѪǿ˶ٱ
ȻһֲܿˣȴͬѪһư㣬ֱǰͣԴ󿦵һ鿪ѪɫâͬһƬѪɫ˰㣬Ѫ浴תۼѪϡ
ʱ䣬ѪĻĴĴ죬ֳһѺۡ
⡭
첻ɵ¶ݡɱѪ棬һιµĽ֣Ȼһһ޶ǶѪ棬Ƿˡ
ԶλϣˮˮһĻǲһ
⡭ôǿ
ˮˮļ¡
Ѫ񼶱ʵιһμ£ȴ¶Ҳ¾ͷⴴʵǾĲС
Ҳ𾪣ֱֱĿ£ǰ֣Ǻǿɣ⡭
ʮ¶֣֪ºǿ󣬵ȴҲû뵽ǿȳ̶ȣʵѪ棬ι£ȴȻǼⴴУʼǶһ£Ǻεȵʵ
ˣ
ŭѪɷϢøӿ񱩣ˡ
ι¶ˣң´ӿʼûпһۣѪŭˣʱ⸡ֳѪɫƣѪɷϢܵһĸʴѪɫͷݻԻ
أ
˵һѪɫͷڴ·Թ˻
ȻһڿɲĴͨ

ѪϸֶѪɫͷ˻𣬴Ż͸ʴϢºȥ
̼䣬ʮվ١
վԱߣȴʼδһ£ѪɫͷŴƬѪɫûҪذ㡣
ȻЩѪɫͷѪɫƿµ˲䣬ͬ΢Ļ嫺ˣ͵һһ飬ת֮ɢһɶ
ͬһʱ䣬һͨѪŵŵɵĺ˳ȥʮԶ
㡭
£¶һ˿𺳡
ͬһʱ䣬졢ˮˮȻǱĲᣬʵѪµɱͨȴǰιʱĽһ޶
±ȴʼձѪ棬·ʼղѪ㣬·ǲӦڹһ㣬ǻеӣֻǾĿ졣
쾪µǿ󣬶ʱ㾲Ŀֲɵ΢΢Щһ̣׹²ô˵ʲôʱ㰲ĿٲȻڵ˵С̫顣
֮ǰ뼫УСһɢˡһ߹עѪĶһָ֮ǰӦС̫Ϣķ򣬶µСһ
ƫͷָķȥ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿͰˮˮʱ˹
¹þòкСһϢСӸղָǸ֮ǰ׼ȥСһѪˡ˵ţѪ棬µϼһﶢСӵСӵѪܲܽȥСһ
ѪǿһĵʵǸ鷳ͻأоµǿΪ֮𺳺;֮࣬ȻȻ뵽Ѫ鷳ãӦܹնǿѪ档
Ļ½ĿС̫ϢǸջأ죬ƫͷһνĿѪϡ
ıʮְҲʮƽͣоκһ˿ȴʹǿѪ治Ĳһ¡
ָ۷壬ն££ѪɭȻɨ죺ؽΪУ
䣬ûԥֱӺˣһѪâԶȥٶȿľˡ
ʱιȴⴴȻµǿ۷״̬µٲȻǶ֣£ֲʲôýֱʱѡߣԱס֮
ಣ
ٶȼ죬գ۱Զ
վԱߣϵıʼһǳԶѪ档
һ˲䣬ѾݳɵѪݺһǰ·һεĿռϣһ֮أǱĵڵأֱӽ鲻١
㡭
վ𣬿£־ŭ
ûʲôҲûʲôֻһƬԲѹ䡣
ᣬͬ±һ㣬˸о˿ǿƺѹת۽Ѫ֡Ȼ⣬ȴһƬ׹䣬ڽѪס˲䣬ʹѪݺݲ֮ǰ޸õĻϵѺۣתۼǸұñ֮ǰܼˣͬ֩һ㳯˷ӿȥ
㡭ѪӾŭѪâƵҿ
¡¡ģѪâǿʢɷˣѹ⡣


1597 ػ۷
˵ѪâǿʢطĿռ䱻Ѫâĺ¡¡ҡ

ѪѪâˣѹĵâ
ȻâᣬȴǳͣƺƣʱȫѪ֣ܵпռ䣬ĳм£ѪǿʢѪâȫ𲻵κεá
âˮڳĴ£
ѪĻĸϵѺתۼø࣬ڼ˥

Ѫ澪ŭ˵ѪâƵǿʢ֯𶯰˻ġ
򣿣
һݡ
ɵϢǳ޴Ȼܹ׵ֳ
ѪХţӿɢϢ˲ñȸղǿࡣֲֲ֮졢ˮˮԲɵΪ֮¡
һ̣һٴ¶ݣΪѪ棬ϢȻȸղȻǿʢ࣬ȴûжѹµâ˿Ӱ졣
⡭
𺳣ʩµâжͣʵѪ棬򣬾Ȼ˿Ҳκβââѹ£
áǿ
ˮˮҲ𺳡
ԱߣȻҲһɫ
һʱ䣬һ޲ɵöƫͷ£ȴµĿⲻ֪ʲôʱѾѪƿˣʱ򾲾ĿС̫ϢǸλá
ʹһͷһ顣
ˮˮ̲ס£񼶵ˡ޷⡭
䣡
ǰѪâƵǿʢ
ѹµâڣѪӾŭĿ⣬ǰʵޡ
Ȼѹµâ𲻵˿Ӱ죬á
âڳĴ£ٶȺ˸о˿µϢѪϵѺȴתۼø࣬֯ŵĻҲøӵ
⣬ҪҪˣ
ˮˮԾ
ĳֻҪѪǵâ£Ѫض
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ѫâ𶯣ʮ
͵âڣѪ˻һδε𶯼Ļһǿͨ򣬷ѹµ⣬Ȼȴʼնá
ϣѺ۱ԽԽ࣬һմɰ㣬ʱпܱ飬֯ŵĻѾ˼͵㣬ͬ΢Ļ㣬һ̾ͻϨ
ƱģѪٴ˻ױٻ۷壡仰䣬һɢԭѾĻͻȻ俪ʼǣͬǾ޴Żɽ˰㣬ǿʢĻϰ˻ġ
ֻһգۼѣɢĻñ³ǰǿ
ңڼ
ʱ졢ˮˮΪ֮ɫ
ʩչʲôǿʵ
ˮˮ
Ȼǿһ㣬ԷĻգۼӿҪóԽ֮ǰԲֻпʩչĳֽ
䣡
ܹѪϵϢٶȿ쵽㣬Ѫâҫʮ
¡¡ģƬضɵΪ֮ҵҡƺһ̾Ҫ
ֻʮѣϵѪâͻһ¸߶ȣĻһǿӣܽһ
񼶣
ɫһ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮҲǲ˶ԷﵽĲΣһ
⣬϶
һ
䣡
ӿǿʢܽ֯Ѫɷˡ
͵âڣѪױһƬޱԹĿ£Ʊǿлص۷壬ҪΪ˸ۣ
ǿлص񾳽磬ΪˣԺ󽫸ĴۣΪֱӵ䵽Ρɲʵ˥䣬Ǿĵ䣬ʵ˥䵽Σں̵ܶʱ»ص񾳣䵽ΣȴҪԴﵽ񾳣߼Ĳ̫ˡ
򵥵˵ʵ˥䵽Σػ񾳣ֻҪʮ꣬Ǿ䵽ζҪ޵ΣȴҪʮꡣ
˵۷ǳ޴󣬷ǳҡ
ȻΪ˻ûбİ취ˣֻʩչȽػ۷ʱڡ
Ҫ
Ѫ˻𣬶£һͷҰް㡣
仰䣬ܱøӿ񱩣񼶵ϢҪһС
飡
𣬴һȭѹâתâ֮ϡ
һ̣ɫٴδ䡣
ʩչص۷壬ص񾳣ʱһȭâϣɽȴǺ֮ǰһ޶û˿Ч
âᣬоȥûκһ˿µƣƲĳѹ£
ܣ
ɵ͵һ
졢ˮˮҲǴ󾪡
ʱܹĸоָ۷״̬Ѫжô£ҲܸоղѪӳһȭжôֱֲܻһУϾԷΪָ۷壬ʵ
Ȼˣָ񾳵Ѫһȭȴɶѹµâû˿ãȿ͵âһ˿һ
⡭
һΪ֮𾪣ƫͷ£ȴ֣µĿͬղһ㣬ڿС̫ϢǸ򣬶ڻָ񾳵Ѫ˿Ҳ⡣
жǿ⡭
ˮˮɵһ¡
鿪飡
Ѫ
¡¡ģָ񼶵𶯣Ϊ֮ڣƴѹ͹âǿͨһһԻǺӻˡ
Ȼһʼһ޶ʩչεȵֶΣѹ£ȴʼնһҲûУâԽԽѹ£Ѻһα࣬ңָ񾳵ĻҲϢһĽ͡
ܣܵģ
ŭٴη񿹺⡣
ȻЧ
ҲʼֳѺۣ£вɵø˾㤡
һ˲䣬֪ˣǰİŮӣʵԶԶ
۷壬Ҫǿ
סס֣ŹģԲٴѵ⣡
̲סе
һ졢ˮˮɵöݣ񾳵Ѫ棬Ȼˣ
±ȴδţĿС̫ϢǸ
Ѫâѹ£ʹѪ̲סǾһ
ʱâѾĻǰˣ²֣ʮʱ䣬ͻᱻѹ飬Ǹʱ򣬾ˡ
ס֣ס֣
С
ֻǣûиκηӦ
âѹ£

Ѫ˻𶯣֪ûǷֿΪ
ֻǣĵֿûκ塣
ңâѹ£ĻӾҲϸѺ۸ܷ࣬ɿ˥̲סҽС
ס֣סְס
ȥѹµǳѹ£ѪĻ⣬ѪͲʵĲҽУ֮ѹķ飬һƬƬѪâʧԭء


1598 ʸ
ѪĻ峹ʧԭأʧӰ١
ѹµǵ͹âѹѪ棬һС㣬һɢ
졢ˮˮļ¡
ָ۷Ѫ棬Ȼ׵ľ͸ĨɱˣǺεǿ󣿣
ʵѵﵽˣ
쿴£ɵ˸
ʱ˵ѯΪʱϾֹ˵Ǿ䡰òҪ֪ѹܴȻĺˣ¾ǿȳ̶ȡ
⣬ǡ
£һĴͣסˡ
֪ºǿȴӲ뵽ôǿ
áǿ󰡣ˮˮ£ǳݣ̲ס˹ȥǸǸǰˮˮ㣬ð
£ס˸ΪµΪµǿʵ̫ˡʵ֪Ӧûܵס
ƶĿ⣬ˮˮĵ˵ͷ
찵һʱеľȣˮˮ氲ˮˮ££ó˽
²ô˵ʵͲý޼
ˮˮͷ£еĳ˿Ҳڣ½㣬Ưǿ󰡣
ͬΪŮӣ¼žòžǿʵʵݵĺܣޱȵ
ͷҲƯ
ûпڣһֱðˮˮЩ棬ȴҲûжʲôֻһ˲˲Ŀ£ǹҪһƵġ
˵ʱ򿪿ڣºĵ֮ǰѪǺѪСӵѪͱԴϢǿСõģ¹ôͻȻѪУǸӦСΣգȻϵģ
ҡͷȻ󣬿졣
¿Ŀ⣬ԺգǸЩԭ򡣡
һ㶣ԭʲôԭ򣿡
ͱˡ˵ƫͷС̫ϢǸ򣺡ڣȥСһ
ԶԶԣСһҪ
ͷ
£µһ޳С̫Ϣķȥ
ʼԵúܰԱߣˮˮһֱ£ǹնЩ죬ǸСŮǵİһ㣬Աߵһԡ
ռɻ谵кɫƮڿУûãһޱ߳Զ
С̫ϢǰøŨһޱֱУֹȥʱ䣬ǰһڵ޴ޱȣɢž
طǵ졢ˮˮǲɵһֻоһ£Īһʹ
ͬʱС̫ϢԽӵȻǴڵڴ
Сһڡ

ͷһ޼ǰܿɫĽǰ
ǰеŨˣһѪɫƮڿУɢһɷǳ˵Ѫɷ֮֮ǰѪɢѪɷϢȫܺȡ
ͬһʱ䣬˿ɫϷӡŵϴ֣ȴ⣬졢ˮˮǲɵöݡ
ʸ
ʮһ֮һ㵽˼֮У
ˮˮԾ
ҲΪ֮ȣ뵽Ȼڼпʮ֮һķʸʵЩ졣
֮ܿģһк³ڶȥ
С̫ϢɫķʬڴǾԾУǵøϽȥСһҵ
ǳŵģѪɫƮڿУѪɷϢŨľˡ
ǵѪеѪɷϢ
ˮˮ
֮ǰѪر뼫֮󣬻۵ķʸ֮ڣ
΢
ӦѪɷϢȻҲ֪ǵѪصϢ΢΢ü
һûͣ٣ֱڣ˳С̫ϢУúһС
С̫ϢȻǴСдǰСĵţǴŵģѪɷϢκεطҪŨңһֲֿС
Сġ
°ĸԱߣܿ죬һ˾ֱǰСС
һ˲䣬Ѫɷʮ졢ˮˮһֻоѪסˣ̼ñ
ȥСĺһ޴ѪأѪˮȻ֮ǰ̩ŵڱֵĵѪصѪˮǷѪأ۵Сڡ
ʱѪУʮӰֱվţ֮ǰܵĪӰʮʱ򣬽ǱͣһҲһεξѪ۵ѪڣʮˣɱٲȻǳΪ׳Ѫصϡ
ʹ졢ˮˮݣܿ죬һ޵Ŀһ
ѪһԲεֱ̨Լңλһ彡˶ӰɢϢɭϢͬʱѪУгƬƬĳɷѪâŶԷƮȥһƵûڡ
Ӱ졢ˮˮǲɵһֻǿŶԷǾ͸оһǺӰľ޴ѹʹһʱ䴭
ԷֻǾȴͬһۣס
һ̣һ޵ĿӰԱߣɵΪ֮ݡ
Сһ
ӰԱߣһѪɫ۳ɵ鲼䣬С̫ڣ˿˻С
űڵСһŲɵһǰȥ
ҲʱѪĵĵ̨ϣǵߴӰ˫ۡ
һ˫Ѫɫͫף֮һ㡣
ۣ쵱ǲĺݺһŲֹס
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮҲͷһ飬ӭ˵Ѫͫ¶һɾҵʹУ·һ̾Ҫըһ㡣
Ҳʱ̨ϵӰڣԵõĮ⣬һƵѪصѪâӿڣ֮ǰѿķʸǣ˼
˿ڣⷽСڣѪɷϢøŨҪһС
졢ˮˮһ̾ӷʸڳơķʸѵǵʮһеķʸĹǰ˵еĵʸ
⡭
ˮˮɵļ¡
ʸǿ˵еĹϴڰ
Ҳļ£û뵽ʧɢС̫˵еĵʸץסˡˣ֪ԷֲܿȴǲɵúȵſСһ
̨ϣʬȻ֪еġСһָڵС̫ƫͷС̫Ŀ䵽ϣԹʮÿһǾ޴һ֣ȫ֮ʥּ죬һתǡԳ˯ѣȤ͸һᣬ⶯ֻ֣ҪܽѪڴȥ
̨УѪâ֯
ҧ֪ȴ˵еĹµѪμޱȣԲƿԷȫǰǵӡ
ˣǶˣһ㳯ǰȥ
ȻҲʱСһѪڣСһϢʧһ̳ǰ֣Сһ˫С


1599 ʸ
΢ֹסŲ¡
ܸоǷѪɫļ̣񣬱С̫ȻϢı¾˳֮ǰĨɱ񼶵Ѫ棬ʱȴҲ̲ס¶Ծı顣
ͬһʱ䣬Ѫĵĵ̨ϣʸͫһһĨĹ⡣
ʲôˣ
³ɫ֮ǰǰ⡣
µѪΣж̣֮ǰơ⶯ֻ֣ҪܾȳС̫һȥҲΪһ˿ƵĿµѪΣֻǲһˣΪԼʱ޾µһЩȤáȴ룬һе£׾پͽС̫о˳ȥңδµѪһһ
ƻµѪκپȳС̫ݣѪâ֯
С̫ԵúܰڷʸĿ⣬·ûҲûļԽ֯С̫֡
һ˲䣬С̫ŵ˫˼£գ˼¡
漴һ̣Сһ￴ǰ£˫۶ʱޱ
££
Сһģһ¾ʹ˵ǰǵĲµգ˻ˡ
ϲˣϲһ
չЦһıڴ˿˰㣬СһԴ
ѽ
С̫Ľ۾һԵʮֿɰ
ԱߣˮˮһĻǴ˵еķʸһĽĿС̫˫ģҲͷ
˰ˮˮȻɵЩգµʵ̫ˡ
䣡
˵ѪɷϢ֯ʮռ䣬ԵѪĴķʸɢ
Ǻӵѹ˲ѹ䣬졢ˮˮǲɵһ
Ϣ֮ǰָ񼶵Ѫ滹Ҫֲ֮ʹһ˲Ǽͷ޴ѹ·һѹͷ
㻰
ʸ̨ϣĮĿ¡
ѪɷѹҪ
С̫ʱ¼ͷӭѹ޴ĿϢСԴɵ΢΢Щߵĵŷʸ֮ǰֿ⸽󱻷ʸⷽѹǿ˹ȥȻܲġ
СһԴҲûʲôСһʱоϵѹʧˡ
ңͬһʱ䣬졢ˮˮҲǸоͷϺΪ֮һɡ
𣿡
¿졣
ӭ¿Ŀ⣬̲סЦ˵еĵʸĹǰĹϴڣʮһ׼֮һ񣬾ҲѪ㱻ֱˡ
£ô򵥵ߡ
ʸ
ҲʱѪڣһƬɷѪֱӳһ˾
£ˣ
ʸ£Įĵʱٹ˭ѪɷϢ֯ͬʱҲкӿ
Ѫ˹תѹµ˽ǰ
ϣϢĸ͵ϢͬǷһӭϡ
͵ģԵѪоѪˣתۼ䱻ķ飬Ѫâɢ
˽һղŵǵѪâǿֲĺܰѪѪâѪâ֮£ֱͬө֮һ㣬㾪˵Ѫâɱ׻
ѪУʸһ
ᣬȤ࣬ܲ˼˵ѪطڣѪâһʱ佫Сķ飬¶ط谵Ĳ񷣬һѪâѪȥɢɵصĿ²ʱ޾ѣ۵ǣƺܾ̾Υ
أ
ڷ޾Ѫ˻֮Թ飬˷ȫû
£ˣȫɡ
ʸĮ
仰䣬޾Ѫһ˽ǰҹаѹ¡
һĻ졢ˮˮС̫ǲɵû
ȴʼնԵúܰŴӵ˷ѹ޾Ѫһۡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һѪâը޾Ѫһͷһͷ飬գۼʧһɶ
ʱ䣬һ˸ʧɫ
áǿ
ˮˮĿ֮ɫ֮ǰѾʶµǿ󣬵ʱ򣬼ǰֲ޾ѪֻǱɨһ۾ȫ飬̲ס𾪡
ʵ̫ˣϾǿǻĹǰĵʸĿһ
ҲǶʧɫС̫ʱҲǲɵõɴ˫ۡ
ͬʱѪĴʸվ
࣬ĺܲ
µ
ղŵһȻͨĳҲѿԵ£ǣǰȥʮֽŮӣȴֻǼ򵥵ɨһۣͽǵȹˡ
ʱ¼ͷСֿ̫Ѫеĵʸ˶ٺ󣬿ʵ£ܽڴСһ⡣
ʳ⣬ͻȻ䲻ɵһԼַĸоϾʸǿؼϵĴ֮һǵ׼֮һҲ֪ôƾõ£ȴܲܽĹϴڸն
ԱߣˮˮĻɵõֱ˫ۡ
ºǿ֪ģǣʸǿǴ˵еĳڣ㿪ڣȻҪطϵķʸնɱʵЩˡ
ԣۼͷϵСֿ̫죬΢˵ͷ
漴ƫͷʸһ̧֣Ƹնʸ
ʸȻµĻ񿴵øĮѪɫн֯Ĺ⣬ƺɵؼһУҪɱС
ˣ
仰
Ƭϸ֣ûκףҲû˿ɲϢתۻ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ʸֱӱķѡ
һĻİˮˮ͵һˮˮ£⡭
ǿķʸĹǰĹϴڣһͱ¸ն塣
¶ֵ춼һʸڴС̫⣬Сһв˴ܲնԷȴǲ룬ºܰĵͷһ̱ǽʸնķѡ
࣡
ɭʸ屻ն飬ȴǲ࣬ɭϢŨҡ
顣
µıû˿仯ƸնŵѪصķ򣬸Ĺиֶͣȴǿƥһһĳŷʸնȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһ䣬ʸܼĹ֮£նԽԽơ
ңͬ꣬ҲܼĹиѹС
࣡
ʸøᣬϻ飬ϢȴԽԽǿ
仰䣬һɭٻ㣬Ƭռ䶼Ϊ֮ݺݵҡ£ƺһ̾Ҫֱӱ
һڹĲ£Ϊһڱ鲼ƵƤģӿ
ģ»ܼУɲǼǱƤĸȫķ顣
һ˲䣬ʸ˲Ϣ۶Ƥͷ֯Ϣ޾ɡ


1600 벽
Ƥı鲼ƣ֯ƣɢŵϢ˵㡣
쿴ڹģǳϤȻǲǰĲʧҵֹٽ֮ǰʸνġӱķʸѡ˲֪ڹľǷʸеķʸģһڳ
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮҲǲ³ƤľǷʸģ΢
ˣ
ʸĽ֯һڷʸͷƳɷ
飬ǣ̥⡢ˬľҲꡢػꡢ˻ꡣǷʬʸȸġͼӦϲŭ塢ʸĮΪʸŭŭɥʧң˻ټڡŭ֮£Ἲ
仰䣬ͷʸ𶯣һɭĵĹ𣬳ܵ
Σⷽռ䡣
쵱һһʱһɾҵʹɲǼһɱⲻܿƵӿ֣еʹʱҪһжٵǿĸӾʹ˺Ѱʹ
оҧأ߾ȫֿǣȴ˿ҲûУǵȹ޿ײ룬ﲻԽǵֵеǱøŨңʼûң˫Ŀó죬ʹУҲ˶ӵľҡ
ǣŭŭ֮Уͷԭʼ֮ŭŭŭҡ
ʸĮ
£ͷʸ𶯣һɭɭĹ
쵱оܣͫ׸ӳ죬ʹɱ񱩵ӿ

ˮˮС̫ˣ˻øǵʮңͫвѪ˿ӶצֱӳԵ»ɱȥ
޴ޱȣצͬٻ֮УתۼǻӶµǰ
̧֣Ϊʸʧȥ־һצ¡
ıʼպܰĿŵѪĴķʸ
ʸϣһƬĮ
㲻׳޾ŭУܹ֧ŵ˶á
µ
䣬ͷķʸǷһƹĺ⣬Ϣ
Ǿҵһ־ӻңǿҲҪʧȥҡ
˻ͫѪ죬צѹ¡
ΪʸĹӰ죬˿̵ǳ޴צµצǸһ㣬Ȼˣצһ£ȴαŭ񣬶޷һ˿һ
°ĿŵѪĴķʸһȦĵ
âᣬͬˮһ㣬̼䵴ɡ
졢ˮˮС̫˫۵һʱָɱʧľʹ٣ָ״̬
⡭ԼȻ£ʱ󾪣æջצСʸŭյģ
Ϊʸŭɥʧ־ɱԼѣŭ
һʱһ£ǣʮνƿءźͻǵ
ղǵȹһֱûκηԵֵһָоѾǵˣһָǿûʲôֶοԵֵ
ĸоֲɵÿ£ٴΪµǿ𺳣ֹ¾ƺ˿Ӱ죬Ǵ˳
ѪģʸĿ£ʱ򻮹һĨĹ⡣
㾹Ȼܵס
ɫú
¿ŷʸٴ̧֣գңңĶʸ
ˣ
һ͵ĹٴһƬ꣬ŷʸȥ
ȹпƷǳͣһ˿һĿ¸УǣʸʱȴǲδǣֱӻӳƬѪУЩܼĹӭȥ
ȻҲûκε⡣
޾£һսȻش۷壬ȴҲӵа벽ʼսƾ㣬Ϊܺͱ

һѪâΪ֮ڣңлϢƵ
Ϣһ󾪡
ңԷĻһ𺳡
񣬿Ȱ벽ʣңشΪ۷Σ
ô˵ǡʾ
ˮˮһ
ȻҲΪ֮𺳣ʸĻԷɾǴʾ
Ĺǰʣ
䣡
ѪɷϢӿѪͬʱʸͫױøӵѪ졣
̼䣬벽ʼܾɣطʸΪ֮ңҲΪ֮һ𶯣·߱𣬽Ҫʹ̮
ۣѪѧһɹɹ֮֯
Ĳþ
ȡ
仰䣬Ѫâӿŷʸһ޴Ѫͷ۳ĹŽһƺضҪ顣
ӭһһ
ҵѪδѹ䣬ǱһֽҪĸо
ȻһԵĴͨ
¼Ĺеһʱ䱻Ѫķ飬ѪɷһС
ڱǰ㻹ʸ񡣡ʸᣬѪֱն£֮ռֱӻΪһƬǣ
ԣʱʼձֵİƽȫһְǶʸĴ󲻾
Ѫѹ䣬ٶȺ֮һжڣĻ֮
һѹ䣬ɺַ̧ܰȥٴ̧
УһâӭѪѹâ磬͵һɲѪ顣
󾪣ǰǿѪǷʸ벽ʼʵ߶ԵһԽ򶼸ٵ񣬾Ȼô׵ľͱ顣
⡭
˽𺳡
ͬʱѪģʸҲǶݡ
ղŵһ˲䣬¶һ˿Ȼ΢ɱӦˡ
벽ʣû뵽ǰƽͰŮӾȻŰ벽ʾΪĲһģһݵģȴһ㣺Ǵ۷徳ͬεսѹŶԣһͨĳʣҲնɱڣôܡ
Ϊ˶Ӹ߾ʱ˥䵽ĳͲεǿߣʱ˥ͲµԳŶԣѹԱͲǿһ˿ˡϾʵȻʱ˥ˣȴǴڼߵϲ㾳磬ս顢ܺȸ棬Ҫʱ˥ͲڵʿǿϺܶࡣ
ȻΪش۷˥䵽벽ʣʩչֲͬǿֶΣǿ߲ͨþʩչ˳ȴǱͬεһ벽ʸ׻£Ϊ֮Ȼ

˵Щˡ
Ȼݵʱ졢ˮˮС̫𺧡
롭벽ʣ
Ͷɵöˡ
Աߣ쿴£ס˸
֮ǰв²»ѾﵽҲֻͨ߶ȣǽںȲΣȴ룬±²еǿ̫̫࣬ѾǴ˰벽ʸ߶ȡҪ֪Ȼ벽Ҳ򣬵սȴǷǳ޴֮


1601 ռ
˶ǱסˣȻ֮ͨǰһЩ£ѾԼоµΪǳǿᣬȴҲû뵽ﵽǵȳ̶ȣѾ˰벽ʾ
벽ʾֻС벽ܿ򣬽뵽ʲΡ
ѽ
С̫Ĵ۾һܸ˵ӡ
⡭׾˰
ˮˮһҺ
Ѫģʸ£һƾɫΪµǿ
ȾɫֻתۼʧˣѪɫӱø䣬һĹ⽻֯
࣬ܲһ㣬һᣬ㣬ҵΣųҫ۵Ĺâ죬ѹ磬׾١
µ
춯ݣĹǰĹǿߣʮһ׼֮һʱ¼
Ҫ¹ﱳԼȺٰˣ
Σ
С̫͵
ʸĮɨĿС̫ϣԿһ˲漴䵽ϣѡҵɻδ·۷壬ܾﻯµˣ̫ϧˡ
ӡµǿлָƽʱٴαôݶĮһоƿС
ŶԷ̬ˮˮЩ֪ԷǴ˵еĹϴڣ۷Ϊʱ̲סŹ棺½㼸λѹŴھȻ˼ָ߸ϵ˵
ʸ˰ˮˮĹ棬ȴû˿仯Ҳ⡣
Ŀϣ࣬ѡ񣿡
ˣ
͹â֯ⷽأʼպܰƸնŷʸʸߵһܼĹи֣ӸͬĽǶȳʸȥ
ʸ̧֣ѪطڣѪɷǰ̵ķѪĻ
ܾˣϧ
˵
仰䣬¡¡ģطľ޴ʸ
ʸڣһĵƸֶ̼佻֯һ޴к嫵ϢУҲлϢʮ໥ìܵĲ໥ڣʹطת֮仯ΪһƬ޴ĺ
ʱ䣬һ
ЩƸ֣ĵ֮ӿ·طնΪ֮ɫ
⣬ѵǡ
켹΢
ʸѪģ䣬ɫĮʮһʥӡµһС
ԣǼһȻ²ǰ㣬ط֯ĵ֮У֮
ˮˮʱҲǼһǿǳ֮ϵһֶΣֵܵˡ
ѹ֣ѹϲĶ¹ǰѹţȴǰ߸ϵ̬¹˵ԭطȻӡɵȱ⡭
ҧ
ƶʸķӿ
ʸϣѪâ֯䣬ϣĮĵ࣬ĺܲϧţһᣬϵӡΪҵЧ㽫һ֮»Ѫ
仰£ƺչʾϣطʸڵΪ̼֮ɢӾ˵֮
¿ŷʸַ̧ȥȴʼһƽ͡
̬ʹ÷ʸɫһ
ҲˣǾɣһ
Į
£ط𶯣ƺƵĳѹ£ͬʱҲһ֡
ˣ
̲סС
̲סҧֳԽѹɵ
Ҫˣ
ƫͷ¡
Եúܰѹµĺûκһ˿
͵˫Уһ΢һû
ʱⷽʸĿռƺˣѹµͣ͵ȫ飬ŷʸڵҲһ̺Ȼ
⡭
춯ݡ
ˮˮС̫ҲǶһ
طѹµ;󣬾Ȼ˲ȫˡ
뿴£Ȼ֪Ϊ
죬ղ£һ
ͬʱѪĵĵ̨ϣʸµɫˣ¶ڵ֮ɫռ䣿㾹Ȼƿ˿ռ䣬ƿ
ղһɲǣлһ΢⣬ʹʮռọ̶̈̄һ˲Ŀռ䷨򲢲ŨԱһ˲ȴǸ֪ˡϾɲһˣǵʸ۷塣
ʲô
졢ˮˮС̫ŷʸʱĻʧɫ
ؼ֪ĵǿֱΪɵԼ֮ϵУɵǧ֮࣬ȴֻ֣Ϊʱ䡢ռֵ֮Уʱһռڶ
ʱ򾪺¾ȻƿڶĿռ䣬ǿǳԽ
ݴƿؿռ䷨Ŀ֮ռ伴ռ伴Ǽ֪ĵУֻʱѹƿռ䡣
Ȼƿ˿ռ䣬ǡ
𺳵ĿЦ
۵ǱȷʸϼһеʲôʥҪǿʥǵ֮ɣ
̲סһ
áǿ̫ǿˣ
ˮˮϵĳݸŨˡ
º
С̫˵ĺܡ
СһԴĿƶڷʸϡ
ռ䣡ܺã࣬ȻܲӭµĿ⣬ʸޱȱ䣬ɨ¼ͷС̫֮ǰϢĴӱѪнȳҲΪռ䷨ɣȻʱۣ
ԣԶݡ
ԭ

ʱδ¶֣С̫ϢĴӷʸбƳԭǿռ䷨ĹϵѪΣֱԿռ䷨ҰеСһǰ
µĿƽͣʱڷʸϣһ΢˸ʸߵĿռ䵱Ϊ֮Ť
ʸϾһˣֻǣſһײһεĿռϣֱӱɣ̵̼両ֳѺۣʺѪˮӶ
ڱɺת۳֮ǰƬŤĿռ䴦һɿռӿ˲佫֮û
ۣ
Ѫˮ׷ܣ̵ֱӱŤĿռ֮ʵķ顣
䣡
Ѫɷ֮а֮֯ʸתؾ۳Ŀɭɨ£һּ佫ѪڵѪˮȫԼڣֱӼԦʸʸԶߡ
ʱǳ״̬Բƿпռ䷨µĶ֣濹⣬ֻһᱻɱ


1602 ʯ
ʸٶȼ죬ת۱Զ
ʸȻˣ
ˮˮۡ
˵еĳϴڣʸȻʸѡӶݣ
״̬ƿؿռ£ֻܲһ˿Ļᡣ

٣ϲģղŻһ߸ϵģھɥ֮Ȯܣʵйġ
оܽ
ˮˮ£ϵĳ羴ǸŨ˵еĵʸʮһ׼֮һȻ赭дıƵܣˡ
ಣ
ƿգʸϽ֯аϢѪɷϢתۼǿȥԶ
ûκصĶֻǼ򵥵ĿʸȥǸ
һ̣һǸԶʸӰɣԶ˻һ׹ڷʸڡ
ˣ
ĿռŤһռԻ򽣹֮ƣ׹ʸڵķʸ䡣
¡¡ģʸΪ֮طһѺۡ
飡
һͺռķʸڣƬѪˮӿ
ǵѪصѪˮʴһѪˣŷʸĵͺſܼĿռУѪ֮Լ֧ţ͵һ鿪
ಣ
ʸ鲼ѺۣȻڸղ˲ˣɭɨ£ԦʸĻһѪâһγԶߣ֪۷״̬µԼ濹Ҳƿؿռ䷨µĶ֣ΨжΪǡ
ٶȺܿ죬תǿԶ
ºܰûκζֻĿ⿴ʸӶݶȥķ򣬺ƽ͡
Ŀռ̣ռŤռ飬ʸӶֱӱա
ۣ
һռо֮նķѡ
ʸ
ʸ겻࣬δ۶Ǵɭ
һʱ䣬ʸ𶯣ĵĹٴ𣬴֮
Ȼһ̣ʸԼҽУʩչķʸεĿռ䷨һСĿռڣأԼϣش
⡭ǿռ䷨򣬺ʹ˵еһĿռǻܣǡ
̲סһ¡
ԱߣҲΪ֮ݡ
ֻվһߣδһ£ֻǼ򵥵ĿɨǽʸƵĲⴴܶܣʩչĻͨҲռ䷨̶ԼϣֶΣЩ£ֲ̫ˡ
鿪
ʸ˻
ʸֹͣѪâƵʸٴμڵĵѪأڵѪڵİػǿֵסһռֱ֮ߡ
תۼ䣬ƬʧȥӰϢһ˲ϢʧӰ١
ֻһɲǶѣԶһλϣ鿪ʸӰǱĵϵѺ۸ˣεĿռֱ֮Ӵ
ͬʱƬĿռо֮նķѡ

ʸ壬ٴԶݡ
ûս⣬֪濹ֻͽͣΨܺӶΪѡ
ֻǰվԭأûκһֻĿռӰΪʮѹʮһδνʸض£شԷ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʸһδըѪˮϽ䡣
϶ڿռ䷨¾ȻҲ֧ţһδشȴû
ݡ
Ͼǵʮһ׼֮һ۷壬ûô򵥾ɱϢѾ˥̫࣬ѾûжԶˡ
ˣ
⽻ӳʹ⣬ⷽռ·Լʶһ㣬µĿжһδλʹǿķʸش塣
ƴˣ
ʸɭȻХ
Ӷһ̣ʸıʩչޣ֮ǰǰɭ䣬̶ƿطʸģһĿĻɱϯ¡
һ̣Ǻݺһķռ䶶תۻһεĿռУĻֱ֮ⷽռը֮ǰķʸ㣬֮ǷԼϣٴش
һըʸҲ˱鲼ѺۣǴմɰ㣬ƺһ̾Ҫ鿪ڣ궼˼صˣܱ˥
ˣ
ռ֮ӿһʮ־ˣסʸˣεĿռ֮Σͬɫķһϯ۳һڰɫʥռ䷨֮ŨһߵĲΡ
ʸ۳ӭռ񽣣̲סݺһ
һ̣ов
࣡ס֣
Զ½е
״̬ȫɿռ䷨۶ɵһն£Եסڵһʱ
û˿仯Ŀƽռ񽣶Ҫʸ׹䡣
ҲʱĿ΢ƣڲԶһϡ
Щɻʵô£
ˮˮС̫Ҳ⣬ɵƬͷ¡
һ̣¿ǸλãռһܼѺۣȻը嫵Ϣӿһ˳ϱ鲼ĹӡлڹѪâϣϢ˵㡣
ʱ䣬ɫ䣬ⲿ飬ǿɾԲǰ

Ƥһ
˵һα뼫Ǿͼⲿ飬ֱħһ㡣
ʲôˮˮԣɵõۣǡⶫ
֪ĵҪܶ࣬ȴǲ֪Ĵڣʱĵⲿ֣¶𺳵ɫ
ֿǹ飬ڹ濴׭塭
⡭
˫۵ɵĸ
ͬһʱ䣬Զռķʸ¶ϲı飬ֱֱĿʥˣ
ǷʸϼһеǸʥ֮
ݡ
صĿ룬Ӧòǵ֮е֮һ΢ʶС
ϣ֮֯⣬ԴȪ
ռ䡭
дʵ齻ֲ֮֯Ȼȥ
һĻʹʧɫ
¹Կռ䷨飬ʹеĵ֮ʶӦ˿ռ䷨ɱ˹

һ֮⣬֮һִʵռ䣬塭
Ƕݣ¼ͷС̫ݣҲһ˲䷢ˡ
¡¡ģڹ⻷ƣضҡƺҪ١
䣡
һ죬ĵطһʯ׳˳֯ʹϻһڶһγԣݺײϡ


1603 ת
ʯ׿ȥԷǳͨĲʶɣ֯Ϣȴʮˣ·Խһжһ㣬һֱӽĺɳȥԶ
ǣ
쵱һҲ˫Ŀһɡ
ʮʱǵһα뼫ڣʱ򣬾Ƕʯͻأɱ룬սһ𣬷ʹǽҵѶȥ룬ǿʯҲ˳
ǿʯ̴ͬһλó⡭Щ꣬ѵһֱս
۵
ԣԶݡ
ǰòã²ķǳпܡ
ʮ갡

ʯף׷棬һսսʮ֮ǰ
ʯϽֲ֯һĹâԼһӰ۶ʲôģֻһְԾصϢ֯ϣԦʯ׶ٴκ
飡
Ӱȭֱ֮ϡ
һٴκɣƬգƺҪ顣
˿Һ͵һİ
Ҳ˸ʯ۳ĻӰٲȻֻһлѣϢȴǺ˵˼㣬ȵʸǿͬն
ԱߣµĿʱҲʯ۳ĻӰϣϵıɺܰûκһ˿ı仯ΨһĨ΢һû
ҲʱϢѪɷϢӿԶʸΪ¿ʯ۳ĻӰ棬û𶯷ʸģӿռ˳
ʥˣɣʸɫʯ۳Ĳлʱͫǲɵһݣ¶ŭң۵һĨ⣺
ŷʸˮˮ󾪣ʯ۳ǵл꣬¶𾪵ɫǡ
֪
쿴
Ҳɵÿлݶʮ־棬Ͼǵһμ
ˮˮһһѾĹżп֣Ĺǰһɴ񡣡
һɴ񣿣
춯ݡ
ĳƺţ˵õж£
ͬʱҲһμʯʱʱֻʵ֡һ
ţЩ
ۡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰ˵ӿл꿴ģԦʯϣϺײһ𣬱һһ˵ڹ⣬ƬضΪ֮ʼѡ
˵ֻǷһ΢ȻˣȴһСĲл궼޷ѹƣתʥȻˡ
һĮ
ϢһӰںɫĹУݣֻһ˫ӿԿüЩˡ
̫ϡ
дʵϲޱ
ʸһæԶͻȻֵӰдΰݣ̫ϴˣ
ͬһʱ䣬졢ˮˮǲʧɫ
̫ϣ
ǲҰʷж׫ĳʱڵ𣿡
ѵǡڵģôܣ
𾪡
ϣ̫ɫĹУװأֳ̧лץȥĹ֮ǰ͵ˡ
ѹ£֮֯⣬صˣһѹֵϢƵ
޾Ϣʱһҳ׭ɳһУлֶȥ
ƥʮء
ˣ
ͻȻ𶯣֣һǧɾ̫ϵĴӡ𵴿ȥ
̫ϣתʥǣһ쾹ҲԶսһǲˡ
ѿһ޳Ӱƽߵлԣ֮
⽻֯޾ƣòϢƿѹ졣
̼䣬ֱӱɫ޳ӰͫʲɵþҵԾ
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮС̫ǶݣԶķʸҲɫ䡣
⣬ˣ㣬㡭
ˮˮͻȻֵ޳Ӱֿ죬˫۵ɵĹԲ
ʱһƣطͻȻڵɢǿʢϢ޳Ӱ⣬ȻҲܼƻơ
ѣѵǡ𣿣ɣ
˿Һ
ûǸˣдģ

õʱʶһ棬ʱϢԶû޳Ӱǰɣǿ󣬵ǣȴһּΪƵϣϷ·ǱԴϢԲϴ
Сϣ̫ڶͻȻֵ޳Ӱǰһսûɱ㣬ò˵ܲСһſ񣬵δ㣬תʶ飬Сսᱲ
Զսʧƫġ
ƵӰ
̫ϵĻ˸ĸɵȭȻ
ԱߣҲԾ⡭ǾŴе𣿣
ʮʷϼоŸصΪŴǲ룬طʱȻǾеһˡ
ܿ죬һһǱһ䣬̫ϵĻУȷǰ͵޳ӰͬʱҲһ˼
ʮн֪ǡʱĳǿߵת֮񣬻ָʶͼ䣿
ת֣Ȼ֪͹żϼأһЩǿܼشֻʣ΢ʶͲл꣬΢޸ǻʶʶѡӤ̬¿ʼµνת
ͬʱҲôһЩǿߣΪͻʼͻƵбݶﵽ߷壬пķ鼺ȥѡӤ̬¿ʼۻܣ̶ͻͻƵıݣҲת
ߵǣǰת֮󣬿ָܻļ䣬ѰңҲ޷ָļ䣬ʼµһҲǿһǣֻҪΪﵽһ̶ȻһЩĴ̼㶼ܾԵĻָļһңңҲԻһԽһ½ֻǳԽһһ
⡭
һһǱסˣʮ𣬾ǸʱĴڡ
Ǳʮ֪һʮн𶯡
ϣƣĹˡ
̫Ͽ䵭ĮǣеҲԸ޴һȥڻĹǰᱲһսˣΨʦƾСԶ
л꣬ϵϢ֮٣˲ѹУлһ˲ϵС۰㣬ʱпܷ
˸ֹסĲ·һ嫵ڳɶ
ĹǰǲǣΪԶܱȡǣΪǵΪʼͣڻĹǰǿҪʧˣţʱڸǵʵҲٶȣԶǿɱȡ
ƽһ̣һһ˿̫ϵϢƵ޾ƽ֯һʮ죺⣬̫ϣԼ㻹תʥƾǣԶûʸʦһս


1604 ϵ£ΨҶ
ƽǣ˿ɢƣȴһϵϣط谵Ĳ񷶼𶯣һס
𣬻Ĺǰǿߣҡʦ
ݡ
ϣ̫һĿ𣬲뵽ǰеСѾʱﵽȸ߶ȣȻˡĻǱøȴûκηֻڵɱڶ𣺡һվȫ˭Ҳˣ
Ĺ⻷ƣͬǳҵȼգƺԽٻ١һֱ̣ӶˣĹǣգƺƵĳѹ£ңԱߵлҲһС
⣬۶ɵƣݣΨһ˫ӿԿԵʮƽתʥķеʶϼͷʸգȫ
仰䣬ʵһ㣬ƵĪ̫ϡ
¸СԽſˣҲһѣΪԽΣ򻹲Զƾ㣬ᱲ
̫䡣
İ֮ײһķռڣһлޣڡ
Ͱˮˮ˲ɵýԶݣطǷơǲлꡢ̫Ϻ߽ԷǱ壬ǣȴȻȿֲơ
⡭⼸һ򡭡ֱǹﰡ

䣡
ʱ˵ڹⷭл궯ˣɢӾ˵ϢԦʯףƺƵĳѹƶȥ
̼ѣܵȫ
֯˵Ϣһϵ׭·һ㣬Ϣ嫺ˣǰӭϡ
һʱ䣬̫ϵлƷ¡¡ģϢŨҵĺˡ
ս棬򣬼ֱ
ļ¡
սֱֲ̫ˣˣȴҪôҪôǲл꣬ҪôǷʥʵ֮һֱš
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĽ𶯼ضƺڱѣƺһ̾Ҫٵ
ݣ
ͻȻһĹг˲Ϣûʸڡ
ռ䣬ɡ
ʵд
ʸһ¶ϲңңĶд񣺡ǣʥˣ
һ̣£ӱޱͲпᡣ
ԱߣڷɳһĹûʸڣټŷʸʱп񣬵һʱһɲ顣
ⲻоһ˲䣬ʸͼΪ֮
ԶʸϢһöϵӡüģɢżΪ˵Ϣ֮ӡΪ֮ʸ֮Ի۶
䣡
Ƭҡ޾֮Ѫɷ֮а֮۶
𣡡
໣
嫾ȥطճһܼѺۣһ߾߼бɳתۼ۳һƬҲ֮࣬ǺƵſֲĲѪɷаĲǿɻĺ
ͬʱ˵һһһѷУһڻɫĴӷɳϽ֯Ĺ䣬һ죬ʹ˸һ·궼Ҫ˰㣬־Ҳ̼ñƺҪʹɢ
ʱ
ǵһν뼫칬ǿȥһڱеʿʱڻӷȻһģһΨһͬǣʱȵǵԸǿᡣ
ʣǾڼһڳرӵľܡ
ˣ
ռطܼѷУһƳ֮֯ң޾֮ӿͷʸڷڡ
תۼѣطû찵أļбһڻɫĴӡơƥѪɷ֮аֲֿ֮һ𣬶󽥽ڣݻһɺ˵Ĳǲ
֮ӡۼͷʸɥΪģΪͷʸȫڴˣ໥ںΪһͨİ벽ۣʸӲпᣬɭĿ£ɡ
Ż䣬üĵĹӡ⣬Ԧ˵ļͷʸ֮ƣֱѹ䣬ҽС̫һ֡
Զ񷶥ˣ̫սһһʱ̫ϵǱ߿ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬лԦɣʯףҲȥ
ǿռ仹壬Ǿ޴ĨǾ¡
̫Į¡
𡣡
дʵ֮Ƶлǣƶ¡
ܷӿлԱ£ʱ롣
䣡
ӿĻϢƵбɥӡƣ޾ѪɷϢаϢһ̣ͷʸںΪһԻһС
ת۶ѣʸɭȻ֮ɫԦȿֲҽʸҲһУֱѹ䵽µͷ
վһӭԻͨ벽۵ѹ
ˮˮסķ
С̫¼ͷë
̧֣СһСԴʹСһһ¾ͱð
ºͣʼհƮʮռ䣺ϣ£ΨҶ𡣡
䣡
һΣһɰԾصѹƽд񷶼Ϊ֮ɫض·ĿռƵһɾĿռ䲨ƣΪĳܵؼ䣬һ˲ͣͶ¡
һ̣һ͵һбɥӡʸġơ޾ѪɷϢаϢѣ羵ˮ°㣬תۻĻҽ͹
ռ䡭򡭡
ʸ¶޾Ŀ־壬һ̣ѣɻƮɢ
ȫˣԱ续һ£һҲ̲
׻ͨ벽۵ȻɲǼ䱻ɨˣŷʸҲһ𡭡벽ʾȻչֲֳǣ԰벽ʵΪһ󾳽磬ɱһ벽ۣңֻһ˲䡣
ˮˮС̫Ҳһˣʧ˰㣬·ʧȥʶ
ͬһʱ䣬񷶥ˣлꡢ̫ϺͬʱֹסΣ볯￴ȥ¶𾪣Ϊ֮һ
ʣԺʦˣ⡭
һʧɫ
ɱɱ򣬽ǵڶ
̫ϵޱɭһ¶Ũɱ⡣
һ̣ವƿ̫Ϻһˣʱл꣬Ĺ⣬볯ȥ


1605 Խ
벽ʾܻɱ벽ۣȻǹϵ̫Ϻ͵֮תʥҲȫ𾪵ˣɱһŨҵ㣬һʱ䳯ȥǸо˾޴вԲ˴ȥδһ޴ѡ
룡
Ȼ̫Ϻʲô۶ɵԱ֮Ƴ̫Ϻתʥѹ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬лԦɣʯףɢϢ̼䱩ǣ˻ħһ̫Ϻߺ»⡣
ֻǣ̫Ϻٶ̫ˣܿߵĹֱ¶ȥ
ֲ߱ɱѹ䣬ʹ˾Ǳֻߵƣһˡ
ǧѩᴩǡ

ԣһ֧Ѹ֣߱ĳì㻯һɳ˲Ϣ

ۣ
΢죬ֱӱᴩ漴̫ϻҲֱţ뱻һɴɡ
ʱ䣬ͰˮˮϵѹʧӰ٣ÿԶˣһԡ
ǱʶǻǾ̫ϻǷƵ֮ǰʸĿɱͨ벽۵ҪǿһЩӦÿԿ۷İ벽ۣɺɨһУȻȴû뵽ϴڣһͱ»ˡ
սѾȫǳΪȼĸˣ޷⣬벽ôôǿ
ͬһʱ䣬ۣ֮е𾪸Ũ£ס˸ԽˣѾƿصô죬Ű벽ʾ͡
Ĺǰǿ𺳣һ̱𾪣ӿ»˵̫ϻƷһǳ߿˹ȥ
໣
쳹ϵ£һͷϣȫ۶ɣʵһ㣬нʵʻںƵһʱ佫̫ϺС
ͬһʱ䣬лҲһ֣ƽ֯˽̫ϻû
䣡
ֱӻڣ񷶼̮̫ϻձ»˱ǾӭȻԵĹⴴֱӴӲ뵽صס
лûͣ٣̫ϻϢʱ䣬ֱһѹϡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģߵĻһߣǵƺ
䣡
䣡
ɴӿ̫ϻлĻɱش
̫ϻƫͷ£ӸɭɱøŨҡ
̫Ϸ
ɭȻڣ̼䣬ĹŨҵ£ض
ӿĻϢƵǹл꣬ѹ¡
ȻⲻͨĹһڿֲͨ
¡
ƽ֮𣬾쳹ͷԻÿһͷ֯Ϣ̼ǽ̫ϻѹµĻͨ£ײһֱըػԭʼĻ硣
ת
д֮ӿѾ֪ͷĲȴһֲɢ˿̫ϻʩչͨҺ̫ϻһҲǻл꣬Ҳǳѹȥ
ȻʱĹǰĹϴУɱΪҪ
ʼ
һΣл괫ͬڴһʣĲɣʯ𶯣һɵصĿϢƵĴ
һת֮ײһ̫ͬϻĴͨײĽǰ㣬ֱӽԭʼĻشþҲԻָ
̫ϣתʥˣƾһͷеһƲȴʶɱ̫ԸǣһϣҲֻܱ顣
䣬ƽһ̫ϻȥ޾ƻϣ֮еĸ߲ʡ
ͬһʱ䣬лֱӣĲɣʯг޾Ѫˮ̼仯һѪӣ̫ϻתʥͬʱУǿƺͰԵ˼㡣
̫ϵݿֻһ˫ɭֳһ޴ħӰճѪϡ
޾Ϣ̫ħӰһ𣬺Ѫ
ֽӡ󸡳һֱĶ̫ϻһն£Ҫ߱졣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĺ쳹ʮ̫ϻȫлǣײϢˡ
Ƚ漤ҵ㣬ǣ˵Ŀ⣬ʱȴϡ
̫ǿˣǿ󳬳ǵⷶ룬Ȼȵ죬ʱǱĽˡ
ݡ
һ΢⻮Ŵɫâ̫ϻʱ˻ΧתһȦ󣬻һ΢ûڣ˲ϢʧӰ١
Ǹʱĵӡ
лһĨ΢⡣
ǵһμֻѣʮʱͼ
Ǹʱڤķ⳾ڴﵽۻʾۻʽԶɹµʱȡֻѣƵʹսʱ˲ʮ֮ࡣ
С̫ȻҲǼֻѣµʱȵۻʽٶѵʱҲǸط
̫̫ǿˣ½㣬鰡鶼Ȳ㣡
ˮˮʱԻعֻȭͷקģһ˷ܺͳݵĿԱߵ¡
ӭҵĿ⣬˵ͷ
ѽ
С̫˼ˣͰˮˮһ˷ܣ۾״ǵĲµա
ʼպܰС̫ʱȴǻ¶ЦСһСԴ
£һ𾪣üǻعĶСֹСӣѹ󲻣
죺
ƫͷ£ﲻɵЩпһμ͸оޱϤŮӣһȱòʵֻݡҪǿһȱϾĻ˵Ǿǣ̫ˡ
ƫͷ
û˵ʲôǺܰĿ죬Ϊоһֱڿ
캹գѾϰ²˵ʱȴЩԡ
ûʲôǾ̫ǿˣȻƿڶĿռһܸһ󾳽ɱС
Цŵ
µǿֻܿЦˡ
°Ŀţ˶٣ĵǿ
ԣԶݡ
ˮˮҲǶݣµĻɵ¶ɫ
ôܣ
ˮˮۡ
֪ǿĵʱ䡢ռƿ˵ڶĿռ䣬Ψʱȿռǿѵƿһʱ䣿
쿴£Ȼ֪ᵽĵ
֪ʲô
¡
š
ͷ
ʲô
æ׷ʡ
ǵڶ֪ʲôˣֵ֪ʲô
¿ܰ˶٣ҡͷ
Ȼʲô


1606 
ҡͷȻ֪ǲ𰸣ɵü
Ϊʲô
ʵ
ϾƹҲֵ֪ʲôȴҲǲ𰸡
㣬ûô
µ
ԣǲɵü΢̾˿ٶʡ
Ȼ·ǳ棬֪Լ򾿾ʲôǣȻϾƹ¶ȻΪá
Աߣˮˮһľɫһῴ£һֿ죬ʵţĵȻȿռ仹Ҫǿ󣿣
һ֪¿еĵָʱҲͬˮˮһ졣һֱ֪ǳǿ󣬵ȴû뵽ôȻȴ˵еĿռ仹Ҫǿ󣬶ңȻǴ˲ɱ벽۵˿е
ȿռǿĵүֻ֪ʱ䣬ǣСӵĵȻʱ䣬ǵǡ
ǳԾ
䣡
ۣ֮˵ܺƵ̫ϡлĽ澪һŵĻ֮⡣
˵Ŀ⵱˹ȥȲεսĺѿԿõ
䣡
䣡
䣡
֮Ƶ߽ԷǱ壬ʵȴǺţÿһζ·Ҫһ㡣
ⷽͷʸͬɵĿռ䣬ԭռ仹Ҫ̣ǵȽ£ȴԵޱȵĴطڿѣһһ顣
飡
һƵ촫̫ϻɨɣ֮ԱЩ͸
̫ϣ㲻ˡ
ƽ
ƽ֯ƽÿһʹ·һ̾Ҫ̮
̫ϵµķɨһۣеɱŨΡ
ţѹᴩ˲ˣʱƣȻǱһЩ
ûж˵ʲôĮٴħӰ֣ӭȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Զл궷һ𣬸ֻ֮ӿϢƺҪһС
ԶԶĿսɵЩ˸⼸̫ǿˡ
ֻһʶķʥһƲл꣬ǾϢǵ׵жǿ۾˰
ɵö¡
ܿ£ˮˮӣֿ£½ڰ벽ʾ˲ɱ벽ۣԺ󣬹ܻɱ۴ڣЩ˶ǿˣ
£ݵĺܡ
⻰쿴£֮ǰǲ벽ʾ˲ɱ벽ۣʵʣʵˣҲݴ
һĿٴϣ̫ϡлĽ档
ȲεǳֲȴҲǳмֵʿԣһսպоԻĪĺôܹ򵽺ܶϵС
ͬһʱ䣬ˮˮҲ֪㣬ʱҲĿǰսС̫⡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ܺ񷲻ϵ̮ͷʸڲϵı顣
һۣ㼤սʱԼɢŵȴٲȻû˥٣·ޡ
ˣ߼΢࣬ˣȴܹĳ
̫ϻͷԴ·սȥֻǱ顣

ͷԴͬУҪΪ¹֮ǰһ
ȻҲ֪һ㣬ʱŲϵĴĿģϣϾϿƿ
໣
̶𶯾ƻƣΨһ˫ܹļƽƽ֯һδ̫ϻͨײһ
ֱ޳ȴɽӣһӶһ
飡
һΣ̫ϻˣø鵭
ֻǣȴǲδŭԻĮâƵ
ûʲôٴγ̫ѹȥ
Ҳһš
һĮ
֮ѿڤӿһӰǿʢ
ֹסŲˣĿƽڤ
ȻһԶ졢ˮˮǶݡ
ڤڤ֮
иһƾɫ
ڤ磬һǻĹǰĳ磬Ҫ󣬴ڻĹǰ˴ˣ룬ʱ򣬵ڤ֮ڤ絽ط
ǡĹŵĹϹۼ
ˮˮۡ
ǵ֮ԦȻǻĹǰĵһɴ񣬶̫ϣĹǰڤ֮˳Щ
ϣڤ⻷޾ڤƺؼһУĿϣɨл꣺СܲδҲﵽȸ߶ȡ˵ţл꣬ڤâսĹâֱĳлѹ£ٱڤշл꣬һϢ
⻰һǽһ
ĹǰҪĹڤ类ϣ
䣡
ڤⷭӿڤˣƺƵĳлѹȥ
ڤ⺧ǻĹǰڤ縡ѹ£ǵϢ˵㡣
ˣ
ɫԴһž޴ͼл֯ӡϢһʱӭڤڤ⣬תʹ֮ɢƲѹڤ
ǣ
ͫһ
ۣӡ
ɫͼƿڤת۳ڤǰ
ڤֱ̧֣һƽ֮ĵķ飬漴̧ͷͼλÿȥ
һ޳Ӱ֯ɫУͬһ㿴ݣֻһ˫ӿԿ
񣡡
ڤĮ
ͬһʱ䣬΢΢һ£̫Ŀ΢ݡĹǰʵǣǰȴһڻĹǰǵľС
ʦ֡
ųֵ޳Ӱ
һĻĻʹһ
ǣǸǣ⡭ɣѵҲתǡʦ֣ۣһ׵Ĳ²⣺ǾŸ𣬲ᶼתɣңͬͬһ
쿴Ųϳֵǵ޳ӰԷʩչȷʵӡټڤķ֣ʣԷȷʵʮľŴеķ𣬴˿̣ͬΪŴ֮һȻ֮Ϊʦ֣ȷǺǾͬһ뷨
ԱߣˮˮҲǵһԴ۾ϵͷ𣬶ֿ죬һı飺һΪʲôǵ㶼᣿
֮ǰʩչʩչӡͷһӡȺԻʵԾ


1607 
Զͷֿ죬ˮˮ˫۵ɵĹԲ
ϴڵȻᣬƫɲɵǣϴڻͬһΪʦֵܹϵʵЩŹ֡
ǡⶼѧ˶ѡ

Ų񷶥ˣĿڷϣʮĴһطȻʮ⡣
ڿŲ֮ʱĿƶ￴
Կ壬ģн֯һ֮⣬ƺ΢ü
ʦ֣ʲôˣ
죬𣬴ʵ
ҡͷĿջأڤ̫Ϻ
һ̣һĪڳû˵ʲôһڤ̫Ϻȥ
ˣ
ɫӡգͬʱڤ̫Ϻ֡
ڤߣڤӿڤԻ
̫Ϻͬʱ֣ںĹϢ֯Ҳŷѹ¡
һĿƽɫͼһΪϽ֯ӣԳڤ̫ϺѹȥһΪָԷΪأÿһض֯˵ķӡ֮֮ƺܽ綼ӡѹ
ڤ̫Ϻƺ֪ͨĿ£ȻͬʱڹһˣռžԵƣʱȴ˿Ҳûд⣬ڼɱĹתıһʼǿķ̼ǳ׵ı
䣡
ײһ𣬸ֻϢֲͬĹ⻪ӣѹ
̧֣âģǰͼʼǴֱתۼǿԭһʮͼںΪһ̼֮ǰǿʮ֮࣬ڤ̫ϺĻ֮ȫ
漴ںΪһͼѣٴλͼֱ̫ˡ
ǷӡʩչãʵǾޡŲϵķɵЩ˸˶ֵ˵ãܾûǱǱ̬ʦˮ׼Ҫ˲١
ָо
ҲͬС
ʱʩչӡɢޱˣʩչӡҲǷǳޣԶԶ֮ϣ޷ᲢۡоȥȻǿķڶӡϣƺǺϾƹž޴Ĳࡣ
ЩԾ
˵ʦֱǱ̬ЩȻ˵õĳԽ˱ˣҳԽĲλһָоͺӡǷǱ̬ʦѧһ㣬ûѧ
ˣ
ɫâ֯ӡգǿķӡϢʱ鲼ÿһ䡣
֮⽻֣֯ⷽԭɭ谵ļͷʸطϢɢͬСϵһת۱ڻ
áǿ
ˮˮ¡
ѽ
¼ͷС̫Ҳǵ˵ۡ
ʼպƽؼ䣬ĺʲô
䣡
ۣ֮һ˶ս̫ϡڤӡдνǾžޣֻǼ򵥵һصͼȴÿÿ벻ơ
һʱ䣬̫ϡڤϴȫǣϡ
ʼ
лٴηԦʯ׳Ƶڹ⡣
ûгǰʱ򷴶ǺʮɣҲʲôԵĶʱƻƶɿûգתʧӰ١
һĻ֮۲漴ݡʧЩƣʱڳżͷʸӿȥÿһöƶ·ǻԴȪ̺֮
ڲҪ׻ٵͷʸ
ͷһ
ͷʸΪʮһеͨҲѳ׻ٵҲᵱϣȴܱҲΪϵһս˲٣𾡹ֻһȸǣס̫ϵ˵£Ʊ鲼ͷʸ乹֮󣬱;ԿԻٵ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ˵һҪͷʸһٵʱ㸶ж⼫ͷʸɵƬռڲҪǣȴ̲סЩԾ
ܼ֯뼫ͷʸʱȻҲע⵽΢΢̧ͷ
òԿ壬ֻһ˫ӿԿ䣬н֯һ⡣
һ̣ĹǰĹϴָ֣ᵯһƹɳһռֱͨͷʸ֮⣬Լ俴ããգ֮ǰе飬ѾʦȫƳڣʣˡ죬ߵλԼǣ뿪ط졣
춯ݣۿ࣬ʱ˸û뼫ͷʸ䣬ԺҪٵͷʸʱ뿪ȻҪȷԺ
Ҳ֯ƹ⣬£ߡ
¶طһԭͲ⣬Ļ΢˵ͷ
кˮˮС̫һֱĿռ룬תʧԭء
ۣ̫֮Ͽºһʧн֯һâ
ˣ
ɫͼ֮㽫̫ϵͷ­и
һʧķۣԽӵ䣬ջĿ⣬ӡøǿӡ֮֮໥֯Ϣǿˡ
貵ĵͼ̫ϡڤͬʱУͬʱڡ
䣡
лԵֱӣڹѹأϷһɱ
һλãʧĵطеŨЩһɻ
һ̣еɻΪ֮ʧһλָƽ
ˣ
ƻƶһգ鲼ʸ䡣
ۣ֮֮޾ӿʱȻʲôӿ֮лֱ꣬ĳȥ
֣һɫͼϢԻǰͬһѹǶϣֱӽǣƶ£ʹöԷʱȥ
񣡡
дʵһ̴ɭɭ⡣
Ŀƽл֮һ𹥻Զս̫ϡڤǣһ̶ķΧڣǿƳԶʱ롣
Ҳʱͷʸ磬Զռѿµ˴³¡
ˣ
ĺ˿ڴԶ⡣
ҲڿʱԶλϣһ޴գ˵ȻǼʸλڼ֮ڡ
£ǿ𣿡
µ


1608 ʯì
ôϴڴ˿ڼͷʸ棬ŷ𣬹ʴˣеսȻ⣬ҪĽ֡
µͷǰϢĻһĻһ㣬ܿԻһȻǴ˿̼ͷʸеķϴڵ档
ŹĻԿиâӿϢƵ˷
лǣס̫ϡڤֱĲһƬƬ̮
໣
죬ʮˣʱ֮۵ս۶ɵͬʱ̫ϡڤȥˡ
ֽ̧ӡͷʸΪ֮𶯣䶼ƻƶһ嫵󣬳ȡͷʸΪһͷͷŲ֮۵սȥû̫ϡڤ
ңͬһʱ䣬ͷʸطһ⣬һѺۣͬǷ˺˵һ㣬ͷʸʼȱ١
𣡾ȻȡͷʸΪù̫ϡڤһ֮ݻټͷʸǡ
ļ¡
ҲǳԾͷʸɲ򵥣ȡаһټͷʸֶεˡ
͸³ĹĻżͷʸڵĳ˶ٺֲɵ΢΢üҪ׵ĻٵͷʸƺЩѶȡ
ͷʸ£Ѿڿʼȱ٣ǣﻹз̫ڤڣض߶ϵĴڣȻֻǻȴҲ޾
ȻҲǺǿ󣬵ȴҲһֻǻлѣ˫ʵǶԵȣټ֮ͷʸļ̶̳ȺܾˣˣٵͷʸѶķǳ
䣡
һ֮⽻֯ͷʸУķڻ찵أɫ

дʵޱɭһɺ˵ɱϯ
͵һ޾һٶȿ쵽㣬ȥ
ң̫ϻڤ֮һ֣һӭսл꣬һҲ𹥻һҪȻɱƻԴ߽ʹͷʸĻƱֹһ岻С

Ҳʱһѷ죬һӰ޾ĴӰϣ漴ЩӰѹ䣬̼佫У̫ϻڤɱ
ʣ
дʣȴԱøɭϢӿ
һ˾ڼ֮⣬Ļܹͷʸеһл棬ҲʱдֵıӰƵӰǱɫ
𣿣
ͫһ
ԱߣȻҲǵֱۣ˵еǾˣһˣңϢáǿʱȻֲ֮ܿ˿Ǿˣ涼תͬһ
ң˵ЩӰǿʢ˫ǣݻ
쿴ǸطȻɵľ룬ҲʱתȻЩӰȷʵǵݻʹڵʱоǵϢ֮һ
䣡
ͷʸڣ޾ĴӰӿ֣ʹӿ̼֮䱻
ӰҲΪ֮ɢ

дһʱԻûȥ
ӿ֮תѹǰҲŵһûȥ
ﬣ
Ҳʱ̶гһʯìʯì˴һӤСĴָָǰСѪˮɿݣһɿֲϢС
ʯìһһڹʯì̼޾ֱӽᴩʹϢ̼˥
ǡȻ˳
ڤͫһݡ
ҪǵĻʶҪĨͷʸȻô򵥣һֶβ
һοڡ
޾ǰͱᱲ޾Ԩôҳģ
̫ɭ
ʦùĹǽǶܽҳ

ವһеʯìɳڷǰ
Ŀƽ̧סʯìʱһޱ˵Ϣӿ
Ϣһʹ̫ϻڤͷǲ
ǡܺã
̫ɭ
ƵĹ⣬ŷѹ£ͬʱлһĨɭâֱ˺գ˲ʧԭء
ʹ˶Ƕݣϵ̫ϣ˵еĴڣ񡭡Ȼˣ
ǣ𡢵Ҳ΢жݣлһĨ⣬ȻûϵһĻҪѾԷѾԶ
ˣ
Ťڤͷˣ̫ͬϰգҲѡ
Ǻеʯìж£񣬷ֳ˹л͵ӲǶᱻ
ȻǴֻǻסڷе΢ʶٵҲǵıӰ죬ʶ£ĿģطٵӰܶ£Ϊ˼ͷʸ
ﬣ
̶еʯì𶯣ֱӱգʹڤͷͬһʱʯì֮ӡʮȫ
ڤתʥǵ߻ͷʥеĲʶ
̫Ϊӵ̫ͻأûܷӦڤĶߣȻ
⻷޾ӰʵĴ㣬ˡ
Ŀ䣬ƽ֯Իһͷͷ̶
лֱӣԵޱȣĲɣʯгѪˮֱڤѹȥ
𡢵漴ҲˣʯìķΪףĹɱ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ĹɱԵЩ£ǷеʯìƺţǿڤƵĲܣת֮ǱιᴩϢٵ˥䡣
һۣӹȥ
ͣ
â䣬еʯìᴩڤüģʯìϵǵѪˮŲʥ⣬ʹڤһѺۣͬմɰɿѡ
ǡܺã
ڤӱ䵽㡣
û˵ʲôеĹìһֱӽڤķ顣
ͬʱ𡢵лΧԼǿͨʹ÷飬һڹг˳
ʡ񣡡
ڹ⽻֯ŨȻǵ֮תʥеһʶ
ûжʯìһһɳֱڹд֮ڷеʶ˲飬ɢ
䲻ɼףֽӡɳʯì»طһδĿѪˮֱӹͷʸɲǼʹüͷʸķѣֿʼʼ٣һһĻɻҡ
⣬һ˿ǰһĻǲɵüһ
ڤ͵֮ʶͷʸȫˡ
񣬲ס˸


1609 ̫ϰϮ
̫ϻߣڤ𡢷еĵ֮ʶ𡢼ͷʸҲ֮𣬶̶һռ䷢ȴ£ʵʹԲݡ
Ǽˣֱǡ
ˮˮ˿
¡¡ģ⣬ͷʸķѣѿĲֲϱ飬һƬƬʯмƮɡ
л
һòҲԿ壬ֻһ˫ӿԿ
ʦ֣Ǹꡭ
ʷڶдһ˿ɻ
ҡͷߡ
ڵλÿۣһ̣Ϣʧ
ˡ

Ǹ򣬼ͷʸڲϱ٣ֱֹȥʮ󣬼ͷʸױ٣ȫɻңΨһ̳ƮڿС
˶٣һк£һ˳ŵ潵䡣
ʵû뵽ȻطǾеˣңȻǻĹǰǿڵת֮ͬһʦֵܣʵǡ
пڷ˵ĳֺһתͬɺܳԾ
ңշսʵǳԣٲȻǴ˵ˡ
쳯ʧĵطֿۣȥ̫ϡڤ͵֮ΪһӪȾŴ͵һɴͬһӪԻĹǰսһֱʱ˵Ϊʲôԭ򣿡
֪ʲôԭ̫ϡڤ͵֮һ϶ʲôöǿԿ϶ġ
Ҳôá
ˮˮͬС
ѽ
С̫СצӽȻǱźԼˮˮһ˼֮ǰ֮Ĳ·ʸţ൱ĲˣȻ̫ϡڤǺ͵֮ͬһǿ϶ҲǺöСһ˼άô򵥡
Сһ۾Сվ¼ͷǵĲµա
̧֣СһСԴ
ˮˮһĻһĽ޲ԼСһ̶һһλá
쿴£ЦЦʵ£ʲô㣿
ΪĹϵѪӡѪĹϵ뵽֮ǰӦһɽڣطһ¶֪Ǵʱʮȥʱһ
¿죬ֿܣ˶٣һһߡ
áȻ֪µ˼¼һֱɽ߶뵽ȻĴߡ£ЦŵҲӦö߶һ¡
š
ͷƽ͵ͻȻһ˿΢⣬һֱӽͷС̫뿪Լߣͬʱ졢ˮˮҲһ˿ȥ
һ˲䣬һĮ𣬺Ȼ֮ǰ뼫̫ϵܺãܷ̼֡䣬һ޴İϸֱ֣ӽ¾뵽УᱲΪ¶֮Ը㣬иֵ֮ȼգ𡣡
ĮʹʧİȴʼմڣĽû
ͻһĻʹС̫ͰˮˮǴʧɫ
ҲǴ󾪣û뵽뼫̫ϾȻͻȻңǵȹϵĴڣȻᰵ͵ϮȼһԸ£ͬʱҲ˲֪¸ղΪʲôҪȫ𿪣ȻΪ˱ѡ
ʱ򣬼±ɿ콥밵Уżֱӱǰٶȣһȥһץס밵еµ֣뽫֮ǰ
ֻǣǵȰк侪ˣڰ벽ʾ˲ɱͨ벽۵˶ܾ룬ɼΪôܽ´дŵĿŽҲ˽ȥһ˲ʧԭء
һ̣Ҳ֮ɢ
£죡
С̫ɫɹȥȴѾʧһ˿ϢûԭأʧӰ١
ʧˡͫˣѵѵǡʧĵط΢
ˮˮҲżҲ֪ʱʲôӦòǱȥˣ֮ǰǸ̫ʧǰᵽ֣һŵģ
𣿣
ʵ
֪ˮˮҡͷǵǣ϶ʲôõطҧǵͬʱҲŭǸϲģǻĹǰϵĴ֮һȴȻǰ͵Ϯ˵

޾ĺڰУʲôҲʲôҲӦΨһĨ֪µ֡
ʱ򣬾޾ڰУܣӦܣ޷ȴǳƽ񻹻ţôҲһ£ңھ£¾Աߡ
ʱϢţ֮Ҳ֪˶ãڰɢȥоһɴϣҰ²ʵʵϡ
ȥ΢ЩһЩֲ꣬ǳƶ񤡣
ɵ𡣡
Ա
ƫͷȥǿµĲƽڿԶ
֪µĻʲô˼֪ʱİ벽ʼܾ룬ȥҲʲôˣȴΪλҪ𿪺ǰȥԼҲվС
ôĿ㱻δ֪Уȥһ漣ܽأ㲻ܣٿԺһΣաЦңڲúõ𡣡
¿Զûʲô仯ȴһ΢һû
ǣá
ڵ
ΪʲôãһҲûУǺúõ𣿡ɻ󣬶£Щ棬˶ٵ˵ղ˵仰û
ʶƺֻſ˵һΣʱطȴ仰Ǵӿ³Щ졣
¿Զµ촽˶ĸִӿлΪòˡ
ʱݣæӦɫһ䡣
ӦԼΪˣڵƺҲʧˣڣ̵ͬͨķһ㡣
ǵΪʧˣ
¡
ҡͷֻǱƬѹˡ
Ƭѹˣԣüɨܵ˼ǣǵΪûʧֻƬòˣ뿪󣬾ͻָӣ
š
µͷ
µͷ΢˿
漴һ̣ɻٴɨ˷ܣµʲôط
ʱطܽǵΪѹƵΪ㡱ĳ̶ȣʵԾȹʲôطµĻ̬ƺ֪


1610 ޿
ӭ⣬¿Զ޿򡣡
޿򣿡
΢ɡ
ĸ֣ǵһ
һƬ磬ûû۾ҲᱻѹΪͨˣֳ
˵
쿴£ʶһ˵Ļˡ
ͬʱ»ᵽݣȻǳԾ۾ҲᱻѹƳͨˣôţ
ۣǿ֪·ǿľˣǣǵȴҲᱻѹƳͨˣ
û˵ʲôֻ΢˵ͷ
޷뿪ˣ
ü
Ƭ޿ǵΪѹƵ㣬ʶȶ޷ʹãǿҲѹƵͨ˲Σˣô뿪Ƭ磿ֱӽǷƬˡ
⣬
ƽ
üͷĸЩɵ̫ΪҪ¾طȻǸоµĿʣôһ޴вδǾ߻ֲµĶ֣ԣԷȼǾ͵Ϯ¾뵽ƬҲѹΪͨ˵޿Ǵ㽫ԶƬ
㣬µӣŵüͷչתЩԡ
Ϊ֪ܻᱻƬ£ôƽûһ
֡
¿Զʱֿڵ
΢㶣ѸٷӦ֮ǰ뽫̫ȼջİжץסµ֣Ȼ䵽ֱʱҲɻš
ɿŵµ֣ڨڨЦ¡
ǣô죿
ʵ
¶˶٣֪
ʵҲûҪõܺõ⣬ֻΪתһԼǰΰˡ
Ǿ洦ߺˣ͵еɢɢͬʱҲϤƬ硣
˵
뵽Ƭİ޿Ϊ޷ʹñúͨķ޼֮ΪѰܹ뿪Ƭķ;ĽƬҪƬǶҪȥ˽ϤƬ硣
š
µͷ
£ܣк£ѭһȥ
֪Ƭ޿򡱵Ĵ۶ѹΪͨˣǿһֱ޷뿪Ƭ磬ԭܵǣϾһطǾǱķˣǳ⡣ʼհ£ҲܵӰ죬ʱ򾡹ڷǳľУȴҲǺ侲
Ƭ޿򣬳ԵЩЩƶ⣬طǺͨûʲôУתۼʱȥ
ʱ䣬߹ط֣ƬҲŲٵĻҰޡ
ȻֻͨҰ޶ѣ߱κεҲûκǻۡ
ֹȥãǰһС壬ԶԶӰ߶
ʹЩԾ뵽Ƭ۶ѹΪͨ˵ڣȻĴڡ뵽лŲٵҰʱ¿ŲԶĴʹߵһЩǺܿҲȻˣϾȻƬЩҰޣôҲʲôܴ˵¡
ңǷ࣬ƬǷܽ۶ѹƻͨˣƺҲûʲôȻĹ
ȥһ£
¡
ʱ䣬Ƭ߹طʱҸطһôһסĴ䣬иϢĵطţȻǸѡ񣬱ҰſҪˡȻΪҪǣ˵ĵطʵ£Ǹõ˽ƬŴá
š
µͷ
£˺ܿС⡣
Ƭ磬ʱѾǻƻʱ֣߶Ӱǳ٣󲿷ѾϢˣ½С壬ǳĵҪڴһ
ʱڴߵˣǴϱڻ֮꣬ͺӣҲûκξ֮ģҲûʲôǾͬ
ȥӰɣסöУĶҲʹá
һߵΪĴ峤ָ䶫ϱλõһӡ
֪ӵ˱Ǵеһ֣ǰڴɽѡ
ߵл漴Ǻ½ӡ
Ӻ̳ͨȶУҲһЩͳìȣǺܷһסĵط

һ΢촫ƫͷ¡
ȻǴ¶Ӳλ
ҲˡЩգҲЩΣǿʿһɣһ벽ʣƬ磬ΪѹƵͬͨһ㣬Ҳڳʱ䲻ʳð̲ס̾ĸоͬʱ뵽һ⣺ǵԪҲͬͨ˰ֻҪҰɣ
ҡͷᡣ

ʵ
ǡ
µͷ
⻰˿ãȻΪѹƵͨ˵ĳ̶ȣ֪뿪٣ǵԪޣ£ȥ⡣

һ΢ﴫ
캹գɿŪʳɡ
Ȼ֮壬ʳҲһֱʳҲͻһֱȥˣ֮ᱻһֱάţҲ൱ܡ
ڴ˵ĶһġУǾ͸ԵЩκˡ
ԣ²ʳҲһֱȥҲҪһ͡
¿̨ﻹһЩ߲˺ʹףȻǰµʳġ߹ȥĴЩǶסˣûж
ֹȥʮƫͷ죬Ҳᡣ
쿴£ſڣ̲סЦ˳
ţǱߵ̨ԭΪºܿңãֻΪ򵥵˴ף֮ķҲԻʮζļȣΪӡĺС²ѵõ¡
Ȼû뵽ǣ߹ȥ˰κ󣬾ȻعͷҲᡱ
Цʲô

ǾЩȤ
Ȥ
ô˵أƽյ̫ˣ̲סԲλ࣬ǵСϵôİɣ̫ŵ㣬ҲΨһȱ㡣ڼһ棬֣ԭҲһЩܼ򵥵Сģʵ˵Щˡ
¿ʼƽĿ΢£࿪ӣ
Цŵ˵ͷǰȥȥһߵȴԼʼղˡ
ԣ練ƣ˺ܿãֺ֮ܿ콫ʰɾ
ʱɫѾǳװϡǳ׺ڰڵĲϡ
µˡ
ֻһŴ


1611 Ҵʮ
ԭûϢص⼸գҸطһҹʱ⣬ͬһӣֻһŴЩŤȻֱŤʵҲֻʱ˲ѣһ˲µȥϢﻹЩľʣҲܵһŴЩľΪϢ
̫ϾƬ޿ǵΪѹƵͨ˳̶ȣȻȴмʸУҲ⣬ʳϢȻӰڸоȴǻȽܣԣ²ʳϢҲҪʳϢ
š
Լô²δʲô
һҹܿȥ谵ĲϣǽɢȥһֳƯ
µһ죬˲û뿪䣬Ҫôһľ
Լʮ໧˼ңǺأҲ飬ûʲô֮ģڴУܿչȥ콥ڵ
ڼ䣬ʹڵģòѯƬ£֪ණȴǲûеõʲôõϢ
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬´ڴһ߳䣬һԵͳìúԶһɽڣ׼һЩҰԼʳãͬʱҲʹ˻Щճ裬ԼϴȣΪΪѹƵΪĳ̶ȣ޷ȡʯڵĶȡһЩճļ򵥶ֻȼ۵ʹ˽
¶ԣȻܼ򵥣ΪѹƵͨ˳̶ȣҲʱúͨ޼Ͼޱǿʿսͼ򵥵似ʽܹʹõģͨҰԣɶԸ
ʱ֣һͷԼٽĳëʨص䣬ô˶ݳԾ˿ֳ֪ëʨеԷкüûһܶԸǿҰޣǰЩӣѵˣɥëʨ֮ڡ
ٴΧ죬̾ޡ
ϴЦ³ëʨͬסڴڵӵĴ峤һЩëʨ⣬ԳëʨĴȡЩʳԼǿʺµĻϴ
֮ɴڴʱʱԶĴɽԣԶһЩĵط̽ѰƬ磬Ѱп뿪Ƭķ
ϾȻܹ뿪ƬĿԽΪ㣬ǣȴҲܾ˶ʵʵһֱƬ磬ȻԸ
ˣһۣһʱȥ
ûջ񡣡
չһӱԵһ£Աߵµ
һʱ䣬߹ط̽ѰطѰҿ뿪ƬȴǰջҲûС
ˡ

һƽյͷ˵ȣԼʹ˵ĽЩʵڲóѰ뿪ƬķҲв룬Ҳ
Ƭ磬һʱϾչ
û£ʲôࡣ
Ц
һƽƽȻһֱѰ뿪Ƭķ뿪Ƭ磬ǣƽƽȴһҲ÷ζǺϲ
રરɵģʱ򣬽ŲԶҵСŮӴ˹Χǰ˵ΧǰԲԲĴ۾СԴĿ¡
һСŮµ½ǣ㣬ǹ𣿡
СŮģܿɰ

¿СŮɻ
ΪƯƯС˶ƯƯ
СС𽡯СŮ
һǹԲԣ
һСŮС£۾Щ
ǵãСŮСǽСС
Ҳ֪磬ҲСӽһЩ򵥵ͯ£ͨԣͯٲˡȴڡ
¿СŮӭСŮڴ飬һʱ֪ӦԣҡͷСĳ㽣ǵͷ־òʺϡ
ǿ;óӦ¡
ûǹ
ʱ
СŮʱ۾øˡ
Ĺ
С졣
ЦŵһƯ
һƯ
С׷죬ԵЩȸԾ
ԶԶһط
ǳҲܺ͹һƯ𣿡
ֻҪϲ㰮㣬ԺһҲܺͽһƯ
Ц
ģ
ġ
ţСһһֱϲͰ͹㣡
СҲǣ
СŮԽӵĸˣСǽеһС͵УΧʳһСе⣬ֱԼһʱǿĵ뿪
¿С͸ĻͣһЩĹн֯
лл

ô˵óСӽҵСĸ⹥ƣĲ̫ӦȴǰشСŮ⡣ңҪǣʹСŮǷǳˣ£Լõ
쿴ЦһϸĹ̴ӣ
ӭЦ¿˿еСЦЦ
첻ɵ΢΢£һʹ¶Цա
ת˲ֻعԹԵЦˡ
Ƭ磬䣬ʱɿţ֮һ۱ʮȥ
ʮڲѰ뿪Ƭķϧȴʼûκ
ͬʱµ⸡ֶǱǣȻƬѹƵͨ˵ĲΣҪ˰ʳ˯ߣȴĴڣʼһһֱ˥ϣ£˴һЩ˵ĺ档
ƺ뿪ˡ
ʱ֣µںܾǰһЩƣ˵ڶľңµĴλ֮䣬һ򵥵Ĳʸ
š

Ȼ֪ʱʲô⣬Ǽʼղ˥ϵ£Ǻܿ˵ɽ䱸ǿֻš
֮ǰԶһɽԵʱɽڷһĵطͻܺãҽЩʱǸǸӣȻ󡭡뿪

ĴǵĽ䱸ͿֻţĻʹĴΪǵġϡһЩӰǻŵЩ
š
Ӧ
ҹɢȥܿ죬µһ쵽
ʱʱû̽Ѱ뿪Ƭ磬ǳʱȥԶɽǴܲĵط޸ǷݣֱԼʱǿɡ
ºҹһЩճرߵȣΪĴ´Ұ⣬һԼ½ԶУ漴Ȼ뿪䡣


1612 ϻ쵰
뿪䣬ҹɫǰУΪණԵʣŲٶȻ޷ȣֱȥһʱ䣬Ǻ½һɽɽĴһƬڡ
ۿȥططԵƽ̹һЩǰһľݣɫֲ겻٣һСϪʹΪɽеĹϵˮʮ峺ĿϪײһʯӡ
ɨܣĿǰľϣľݾݻ֮ǰǸʮ˼ҵӣȴҪ౶
ԺƬ¼ˡ
Ц
к½ӣ󣬽ӴһЩճرܿźá
֮󣬼ϢʱϳߣԶһյء
ʲô

Щ߹ȡЦѹƳͨˣҪͬͨ˰ʳֲ֪Ƭ类ãԣлʳԴС
Ӵ뿪ǰڴɽȣʹ˻ȡ˶ʱڲҪĴ߹ȶͬʱҲȡһЩ߹ӣ٣׼һЩֲµӣڵǰֲ
ֲճɵķȻǳϾڿ·ǰڵʮ꣬򵥵߹ֲճɣڵϺܳ
طյصռǷǳ࣬ԴӴдĳ߽յϵһЩӲȥ㲻Ǻܷ֣ȴҲƵǲطǴɽԼһŵСϪйء
Ӳݳȥзʹ׼¡
ܰæ𣿡
¿ʵ
΢㶣᣿
ҡ
µ
Ȼᡣ
£ЦС
²ѣ¸Ǻܴϻۣ򵥽ЩҪ±ѧᡣ
Լȥʱͣ
ڵǰ²Һܿջ߹ӣԶһ֡
ʮպ󣬾ջһЩʵĲࡣ
µ
˵⻰￪ѳغմȾϵɵЩЦǿʿһɣһ벽ʣȻῪֲˡ
ҲȤ
ɫðɫܿ콵٣һſǳܿ׺ڲ֮ϡ
ɽʱպط̽ѰƬ硣
ˣҹ棬ļã±뵽Ƭʱתۼǹȥꡣ
䣬߹ƬطһֱûзѰ뿪Ƭķϧȴʼնûκͷ
һ죬̽Ѱĳһߣһɽʱǰкܼ޺𴫳涼ĺ¡¡졣
һͷҰ׷ϣʮңһģʱʱм
ˡ
¶ˣ첻ɵüһĨ⡣
ԷʱҰ׷ϣȥǱʱʱУȴû˿ľ⣬ңʱʱܽ嵽ǰͽСҰͽָѹˤɡ
£ɾԲҰ޵ܹͨõȲԷûдκԵĵìܽ嵽ǰСҰͽָѹˤɣͶԷԱͷҰͬʱ׷δ¶˿Ŀ־壬˵Էһˡ
ʿ
ŶԷ΢תۼԿ϶˾һʿ
뵽һ㣬Щݡ
ȥ⣬ʿƬ磿
Сӣæ
ߵʱ򣬶ԷҲֱӳ˹
ŶԷ׷ڶԷϵҰȻҲһĵرɵЩζһһɵ̳
@#
̲ס˾໰ͷܡ
϶ȻͷҰ޳ֱǿнֻ
ѹΪͨˣ򵥼ͷҰɵĶԸһͷǾ;ǸѣӦˡңȻ֮壬²ǱһȺҰ޸ʳ븹УҲԵɥȪ
Сӣʲô
ܰæ
Сӣһǿ׳ˣһǲ˱һȺΧȴͷܣĲʹ𣿣
һ߳һߴС


϶ܵı죬֮ľڷɿȻ˼ʲôˣ
ȻһĻ˵ϰСӣ
˽е
ү
϶һš
˽ɿǰ壬һֱܣת䷽򣬶Է͸ת䷽򣬶ҰȻһ
¡¡ģ汻Ĳϴ죬̳࣬һЩ̫׳ľҰײĶѡ
˺ܿ׷죬һһƫͷСӣ·ƽεȴֻһܣ˼ҵվ޶ãʵǲ
ҧͱ
Ұĵرҵĺ
쳯ۣٴιӿŲӶݣʱϾȥԱߵϻ쵰ϾڱѹƳͨ˵£Ұ׷󣬼ԳƵһˣΪЩҰ޿Ǹ׿񣬶ٶҲǱ׷ϣ֣ԻΪЩҰ޵ĸв͡
ǰܣʮ֮ǰ·ˣٲȻһ¡
Сӣ·̫ˣ
Աߣ˵ۡ

ͱŨˡ
໣
𣡡
޺̶رҰ޳˹һԵøӵ׿
쿴һĻ£û˿ԥֱȥ
ʮѹƳͨ˵ԣ߶˵ǷǳΣգǲҰ޳򱣹ܻ·һԣʱȻǵѡҲΨһѡ
⣬ⷽ£ïʢľЩïʢľ֦Ϊ壬ֻᱻһЩټ֮壬ԣȥǾԲһ˿һ֮ΣȻһЩ˹ġ
ಣ
µһ˲䣬Ҳȥ
Ұ޼£ͣȻֻͨҰޣûкƥǻۣȴҲɵҲȥ
һ̣Ұ޼໥ɱѪɽ
ϾЩҰ޿ɲͬһ࣬ʧȥ˹ͬĹĿ໥Ȼٲɱ

Ծºʮɵľת۱ǹȥʱ䵽µײ
Ԥϵǰ㣬ïʢľ֦Ϊ壬˲εʮɸ£ȻЩˣȴûд󰭣ֻЩʹѡ
СӣѲк󸣣
һ£ɿ⣬ЩĳȻǺһʱһЩˡ
ϻ쵰
ĥϼһ̫Ƕˡ


1613 춯
ˣݺĥ϶ĪôùȻƵ¡
ʿ
ǿԷĳ嶯ʵ
˿죬ȴ֪ʿȻСҲʿûش⣬ǻе˼ȴҲ൱ˣȷʵͬ²ǰ㣬һʿ
һ㣬Ȼܹ
ô䵽Ƭģ
ʵ
˵ӽģ
˷ֺۣݺĥ
һЦа˾䡰á
Сأôģ
졣
ƨ¡

ſڣӵ۵Ŀ졣
бһۣվ壬ܣԶȥ
޽ľƬļĸȻǿϼ۾ֱܷĳ
Сӣôˣ
˽е
ôԷڶԷδţһ̶ķ򣬺ܿ߳ȥԶ
漴ֹȥʱʱ䣬ɽص޽ľݴ
ôˣ
վľǰϴһЩ˺ۣ
ûʲôһϻ쵰ǣŵù
Ц
ûмʣֵһӼ¼
ƻʱ򣬵㴫ЩˣڵǰԲľϡ
ԲľȻģƽؼ䣬¶λʳ
⣬ǡ
Ϥһ˳˳Բľϵպõˣ۾΢ǷʲôΪ񱦰㡣
㣡
ҧ
֮ǰźùͷϻ쵰Ȼܵط
¿ͻȻˣֿ죬˲Ϣ֪˾֮ǰᵽǸϻ쵰
Բľԣ˵϶ǳ죬৵ץľһľϵ׽£ǳ졣һ̣嵱ֱ飬ЩˣҲ֪˷ܵ㻹˵㣬һᶼҪģ˵ӵƬʮҰ⣬ʮƤݸʮҶݣڡڳˣ
죺
ԭֱӾҪϻ쵰һ٣ŶԷʱİ൱ԣϻ쵰ƬˣЩƺޱҡ
µʱ˵Ķǳ죬ৼ±ǽպõ̲˸˸ɾƫͷһ۰Ͱ͵ӿû
ðƬĺߣɫҲźˣͷʹȡ˰Ե
СӱӶڲ֣
һ£һת˲ߡ
Եû׷ȥ
Ƭ磬ʱɿţתȥ
ʱڲѰ뿪ƬķΨһı仯ǣԱ߶һˣǸңÿȥպ÷ʱԷͻðͷƤĲԲȣ뿳ԷʮֵΣΪԷʵ̫ҪˣҪĳһԡ޵С
ҲʶԷ䣬ֱӸԷ˸ϻ족Ĵºš
ãʺϻ쵰
㱻Ƭôˣûҵһ˿һ뿪Ƭ
һ죬ƻʱ֣Բľǰϻ
ûСϻҡͷͷҴ㣬СӣƬ뿪Ͽ˵ǲʵܡͷҸձ˵ӽƬʱҲͬ㣬ϵѰҳȥķһҾʮ꣬ϧôȴһ񣬸뿪Ƶط
ԣ̲סü
ԱߣµǺƽ˵ڱƬ磬һֱͺƽ
ϻ쿴죬˵Сӣ㻹ǷɣôȥѰ뿪ƬķҲѰȥ˷ʱ䣬ĺԵСչӣЩʱʲôģֹȥ˷ʱǿô
ԣɵõۣԵ£ϻ˵ʲôǲֹϵ
ǣϻҲۣԵ£¿죺㿴СŮ޵кŨ㺣ôֹܲϵ
ϻ˵ֱ׵Ļһǵ±˵˵Ѿ֮ãʱҲǲɵһ죺㿴ˣ
ˣܣ˼ô˵Ҳô꣬ôܻῴϻٲȻûо˿̵ΣΪ֤Լûп˵㲻ϲСŮޣвӾ
һѿڶһաɱϻ쵰̫ˣ
㷢
ϻʮ֤Լû
˫ȭյĸ°죬תʹϳһ˳ì
ϻ˫۵ɵĸ󣺡Сӣ
קųìһϻȥ
ϻʱǸоΣٻԼղŵĻɵö£󵱼
ֺֺ죬קеĳìֱ׷ȥ
Բľԣ׷ϻԶȥıӰƽ͵˫Щƽ΢΢Щ

뿪ľݴקųì׷ϻгìĿ졣
ϻ쵰ܣӱ֤ͱ㣡
ҧѵõıֿڡ
Сӣ߳ŭϻ£һ·ǿ̸һ̸Ҫ
̸ү
ӶгìһǰĴ׳ľķ飬ľмĽ
ϻ쿴ֱۣСӣ㶼ѹΪͨˣô
ľֱҪ֮ķ飬ͨʶʿѹƵͨ˲εȴȻһì֮һ
ҧŭϻ죬еĳì׷Ŀռ䲻Ϻ졣
ӭŭݣϻ˸ƽСӣҪƽƽǸ
첻ųì׷
ɽ˶üɹһӣһ׷תȥա
պ춼֪׷ϻܵʲôطһƬİİɽɽ죬ǱѪˮȾİ㣬ϵĿ΢Щ䣬һ˸С
Ҳʱ׷طһֹסŲ¶
׷طڸղŵһ˲䣬ΥĸӦԼʶʶײ߲񽣣΢¡
Ȼǽֻһ˲䣬ʱѾ޷ٴθӦԼʶǣŸղǲǴղţȷȷʵʵӦԼʶҲȷȷʵʵʶײ񽣶¡

ƬİɽȺɵ˸
ƬɽȺѰ
ǰϻһģʱͻȻͣ£Ҳͣǿ¶֮ɫһ˿Ѱ
Сӣôˣ

ʱûϾȥϻʲôɨƬɽȺеĳìյĸ˼֣йŹ֣


1614 ľ
Ź֣ʲôŹ֣
ϻɻʵ
йŹ־йŹ֡û˵ɨɨƬɽϻֿ·̽ѰƬɽʲôرķ֣̽һҵ뿪Ƭ
ɶǾ䡮ҵ뿪ƬϻȻǲôŵģбСӣڲͷİɣ
ٷϻң

䣬Ҳϻʵʱ䣬ֱӿʼ̽ѰƬɽȺ
ϻᵽġҵ뿪ƬԭǲôŵģϾѾƬ̫ˣôƾõɴûƬҵκ뿪ǣޱı飬ֲɵþĲ뿪Ƭ
ף뷨ġ顱⣬һҲǳ뿪Ƭ硣
£һλȥͬһ㣬̽ѰƬɫɽȺ
һۣʱȥ
СӣȷĲͷҿ̣ܴ뿪ƬͷϣųҵϣѰƬɽٸͷǸоˣȻͷҾõĸо
ϻ
ʱʱ䣬˽ƬɽȺ̽Ѱ˴룬ȴûκķ֡
ôϻ죬΢üͷ
ʶеȷʵڸղŶˣȷطԲѰǣѾطѰ˴룬ȴ˿Źֵĵطûз֡
ˣ
ͻȻͷ­ڴһɲǵʱٴθӦԼʶʶײ񽣶һ£е߲ʶг
еһĨâĿⷽɽֱӳȥ
ôˣ
ϻ죬ҲƬɽȺȥ
񶼱ѹƳͨˣٶȱͨ˶ԣȻҪϺüģܿܳȥԶֱȥʮʱ䣬Ⱥͣ
ǰһѷ죬һ׿ʮ׳·ģһۿףһɹɱϢ·Ʈ
쿴ѷ죬н֯һƾâһθӦԼʶʶײٴζ
ֻܶһ˲䣬ȴõѷ֮£쳣
Сӣ㼱ҴҵܵطΪ˿ѷ죿
ϻһ˲˲Ķѷ죬ɵЩŹ֡ûиоѷʲôرĵطҲЩϢ·ðڳѣ㲻ʲô˵£ΪԭصµĿռ䣬ϢͻȵҪһЩ
ȥ

ƬѾٶˣΪòˣҲúͨ˲࣬£׷ϻʶе񽣺Ϊѷ˺ü£ʹںü˲ӦԼʶЩ
ܿ϶ѷһŲѰĶ򲻿ʹʶеֻҪѰĶǻ뿪Ƭ硣
ȥ棿ϻ쳯׵ѷ¿ۣüСӣѷ£ж˵ȴҲңڿǱѹƵͨ˲ΣҲͨǿ٣ôĵ¶ȥһ䣬ǿɾͲˣƵûˤ⽴ʱ֮Ҳ
죬ֿѷ£ŵ⣬ѷ죬Խ£¶ȾԽͣΪһ˿һҲ޷ʹã̫ܲ͵¶ȡ
ٷϻ¡

˵ţֱѷ¶ȥ
ϻĹȻĵ֪ѷ¶ȥǺΣգһܾͻȻˣҲһȥѰʶеǸǻ뿪ƬΨһϣ
ɲ뱻ԶƬڣƬ⻹ܶѡ
Сѷ¶ȥתۼѾʮҡ
ϻڡѷ¶ȥŷǳĹǣ˿̼Ѿʼȥˣ˷ۺҲûжڵϣҲһص׶ȥ
룬תۼǹȥһʱ䣬ǧɾ뱻˦ͷ
ǧɾ룬УŵǸì˲СãΪѷȻǳȴֻдԼһףìԼ׳ʱʱìбѷ䣬ìϢƬ̡ˣǶԣȴҲɳƵǼһȸоᡣ
ͣЪЩ£ܿǧɡ
뵽һ鷳Ǿǣ¶Ѿ÷ǳͣѹƵͨ˲ε˶ԣǺ⣬ǵоǳܣʹ¶ȥѶȱøӴ
ﰡϻСӣҪѰ뿪Ƭķͷһͷҧ㣡
ôСص׶ȥ
ϻĥһС
ԽԽ䣬ԽԽ¶ȥֻоʱܱı⡣
ڴˣٻЩεģǿʿƬȴȵ³ʮܣʵЩơ

ԹԵĵ¶¡
ʱţϻԽԽ£¶ȱǱԽԽͣʹǸоڵѪҺƺҪˡ
ֱֹȥһʱ䣬ǽѷʵ˾ͷ·û·ˣȴɿײѷ쾡ͷط·Ȼûˣȴһ׳ľǡѷ쾡ͷɫһߡ
˶ǿʿһĻȻþ棬ץסһ˳Źľۣ֮ŵص׶С
ϻһҲץһ˳Źľŵص׶ȥֱֹȥӣ˵ص¡
ȥصЩȴһƬ谵Уɽһһطаɫǳ䣬˲ķ
ɨܣĿתۼŶµĲľԵһСϣϽɫĹӣԼȭͷС٣ɫĹ
ľ
΢ݡ
ľһֲ׵ĵر֮£κ˷һöľڶʱһС̨׵Ϊ
Ȼⶫ
ϻ¶ɫΪľԾΪƬ۶ѹΪͨ˵ڣûҲûǲʲôĵرŶԣȴһľϽΪٵľо쳣
쿴ľϵľ䣬ͷ­Ǵʹһ˲ٴθӦԼʶұ֮ǰǼζҪڵ߲𶯣һƬƬ߲⣬ʶгƬص綫Ϸ򵴿ʹԼڶϷоһɷǳϤϢʹ󾪡


1615 
ص׿ռĶϷ¶ɫţһ˲Ӧʶе߲񽣵ĶƬռĶϷ˽ƬϢ
ⷽڣƬص׿ռУȻнƬĴڣ
ԾͬʱֲɵޱȾϲ
֮ǰڵ񽣼𶯣˲ϢʱӦԼʶ߲ʹâʱָоǸȷӦܵԳÿһ߲⣬Ǿһı仯Խ˶ֱѿƬصѹƣڶʱʹüΪ
Ƭص׿ռӦ˽ƬϢÿѰƬֻҪҵĽƬʹƬʶײںϣǻٷְʹ񽣵Գȫÿһ߲⡣
˼ֱӵóһֻۣҪѰƬص׿ռĽƬڣǾмĿڶʱѿƬѹƣʹļΪÿʹáֻҪΪʹã뿪Ƭ練ƣ
£ֱӳƬص׿ռĶϷȥûȥժǰľΪľȻٲҲ뿪ƬŶãĻͽֻͨҰѡ
ʱҪ£ǸϽҵƬռڵĽƬѰƬѰƬںͬǰѿƬصѹƣʱٷȡеľҲ٣ٻصľݴһ뿪ⷽ
ϻƬռ䶫ϷȥȻ֪Ƿʲôȴһ·ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬Ƭص籼ܣ֮ܿܳǰľԶ
¡¡
ͻȻ𶯣ƿһʮҵľ˳ģ¶ֱӳ칥ȥ
΢ȻûȴԱͨҰǿܶࡣ
ȻˣȻѹƵͨ˲ΣȴҲ֮ɵ
еì֮Ӱʹãһңھͷ
һ򼱻ֱҷڵأû˶
Ϸȥϻһ·
֮Ƭص׶ϷȥȺвҰ޳ȻûȴҲͨҰ޿ɱȣǷǳǿ׿
ЩҰ޲һԵĳһȺԣѲϻ졣
תۣһʱȥ
ʱ֮ǰĸоһ·ܵƬصʱһƬɽȺڣٴθӦʶڵ񽣵𶯣֮ǰǼζҪ
漴ֹȥһӺɽȺڵһϿλãǰһ鰼ڣһȭͷС߲ʹԴĺţɢ˿˿Ƶ߲ɫԡ
ҵˣ
һϲ
ȭͷС߲ʹԴʾѰҵĽƬ
󣬸ϻɫ΢ⶫ߲ɫԴһɷǳǿܲƬڣطȻһɢܲĹԴڡ
ңԼо˳Ƭûĵص׿ռľܽٵľԼƬصµҰ֮ԱͨҰǿ׿౶ƺ߲ʹԴֱӵĹϵ
һ㣬ɵֿ죬¶Ծı顣
СӣôطһԴڵģ
죬Щ졣ڵʱͣ½ŲƷйŹ֣һ·ѰطȻڵصʱ͸Ӧط߲ʹԴȻҵõɵЩԾҪ֪ڽ߲ʹԴ֮ǰʼնûκһ˿ĸоΪڱѹΪͨ˵£ʶ޷ʹãӦȴǸӦˣôӦģ
ڼ齣Ƭʱǳûԥֱӿ絽ƬԱߡ
ڵٴ𶯣֮ǰļθӾңʹط߲ɫƬҲΪ֮һƵԣڵ߲񽣹һ̣ȭͷСĽƬƯȫƬӰ죬ͬǰ㣬ΧתһȦ󣬻һ߲ʹ⣬ֱû뵽ڡ
漴תۼѣŽƬڵ߲⣬߲Զһ˲ֱû߲֮ڣʹ߲ٴζֱлŨ߲ɫâ֯ʶײڸ
ֻתۼѣ߲ʹâ⵽ÿһ䣬йâ
һɾΥĸоӿͷ
΢΢ȭһ̫ľת󣬺¡һɫӿ·ǽɫĻȼա
ȻУ
־ϲ
֮ͬǰ²ǰ㣬ʱѰƬص׿ռĽƬŽƬڵںϣ߲ɫ⣬Ȼ˶ݵƬصѹƣɼΪÿʹˣ
ԱߣϻһӲûɳ
СССӣ⣬⣬⡭
ֶЩˣʱ쾹ȻɢѹƵΪÿʹˣʹֱ¶һͬ˹һı顣
ûϻľȣеľâŨˡ
߲ɫ⽻֯ڣʱûȥΪΪʱܹʹã߲
ϼһ
̧֣һѽϻץʱκͣ٣ֱһ˲ǿ޾ңԶľ룬֮ǰľԣּ佫ϵľͬľһ뵽ڡ
漴ץϻص׿ռ䣬һ糯ľݵλóȥ
ԴʶǱ񽣵߲âӯڣʹƬѹƣ֪״άֶãٶȻصߣһ뿪Ƭ硣
ٶȺܿ죬ûкķѶʱ޽Ƕľݴ
´ʱľǰԲľԣŵĽɫ⣬вɵøһĨ⣬ȻܹĳʱƬѹƣѹŵΪÿʹˡ
£뿪
ԣʱ½ԼôѿƬصѹƣֱһȭ񷣬ǿܻһɫȭâããĲ¶һԲεĿռ
¿Ų俪ĿռƫͷطǶľݣƽ͵˫У˿˿΢⡣
ôˣ
ʵ
ջĿ⣬ҡͷ
ǣߡ

ߣϽߣ
ϻ챻һץţ俪ĿռʱУ컹Ҫ
ûж˵ʲôץϻ죬Խɫ⽫°һ⣬ֱӳĿռС
ڰ˲Ұ
Ҳ֪˶ãڰҰиֳһ˿˿ºϻ촩йããڰԿռп˳ȥ
ȥǾ޴ǳɫǹ⣬ȻǴǿС
ˣ
лһĨտտâ


1616 ۶β
ǳһһţ޴ˣɫǻԽ֯ܣԵóȴ
쾪ϲٶ꣬ڴ˳
˳˳ˣ˼ڳˣڳˣ
ϻ˷ܵĴС
Ψʼպܰ˿ϲã޲Ȫ档
Сӣ԰԰ϻ켤ĴЦһļ򣺡˼ҿеˣʵ̫ˣ̫ˣ
ƬУ֪ȥ˶ˣΪĹϵƬΪʱ±ʹˣʵ˷ܵ˼㡣
ǿϻ֣˭ҪһͷӿУĴȥ
ϻɴЦ뱻ԵСŮ޿У˼ҷǶģϾߣ˵ţҲŭһΣһö⻯ֱУ˼Ƿһ飬Ժʲô鷳£öĺǣ˼Ҳ̸Ϲ㣡
䣬͵˼ļ򣬶ֱӻһʧǿվͷֻһĥĺЦԶմ죬϶ţϻ˼ңǣ
쿴еϻµӦϻɢϢɵöݣϢǿʣȻȫ͸
£ϼһΪܿ𣿡
¡
µͷۣ۷塣
ֵһ£ɵö¡
ۡ۷壿
¶ɫ
޿ʱֻϻᵽԼƬѾн꣬ûѯʹԷΪȴ룬ֻ˵ϼһΪȻôǿȻ۷壡ǰ֪·۷ˣ
⡭
ϻԶȥķɵ΢΢һϻȻǰĿֲ
漴ֿеϻµСĽ֮
һڿٻ۷۵ľɱڣԺ̫Ϻڤǵȴڵƶ÷ݡ
ǿջǳһһţϻ뿪ֻʣ¡
գһ˲Ǳ÷ǳ
쿴Աߵ£ʵЩεģϾǰϻǵµǶµ㺣񵥶ദɵЩΡ
εҲǲûгãܿʹԼƽ
£ȥģ
ʵ
¿ǰǿգ˶٣һߣȻȥ
С
ͷȻöµ˼ǿ߿ǿգʮ
ʵϣʵҲʮȥϾѾ뿪ʮ̫ˡ
£ѭһ򣬻ȥ
ºܰԱߣĲǰ࣬żһܵǳ
ˣ£ʱʩչǵͨǷ򣿡
쿪ڣµ
֪˵ǿ϶˵ġͬʱ⣬Ҳȷʵ֪
Ͼ¼ʵЩֲȻ԰벽ʼΪ˲ʸļͷʸ൱˲ɱһ벽ˡ
ҡͷ򡣡
ʲô
΢ɡ
¶˶٣ڣԶǰ˽ܻӰ֮С
Ȼ뵱ʲôһҲǰʲô
ʿԣǰ֪·ԶڼǰĶʲô¡
캹գȴҲû׷ʣһ£ЦѾϰ㽲ˣ
ƬȻָΪ˵ô໰ȴǲ
ƫͷã
ûͦõġЦȻҲܺǣ
ϰһ޿Ϊ޷ʹãһֱͬͨһ㽲ٶʱ䣬Ѿϰֽʽ
ǿУǿеһſǳʱʱЩ½
˵ģԬǿвһͷβѾڵ۶ʤʮų벽༶޶սܹ
Ȼȥ۶͹һΣսݸǷǳޡ
βʮֺ˵սܰ벽༶ޣݻǳɫǻֵȥһ
ԶˣΪǴڵۿվ磬һ̸߽һ߳Զȥ
²ǿУ˺ԶȴҲ˵Ļɵüͷ
£һ¡
µԶȥ
չӣҶͯΪ壬̫ۣͿΪ壬Ȼ߱ʲôѪȴǳˣɿ塣
񣬺ǿУͻȻʿĽ̸еҪ۶ΪһβĵڶͬͬԣȻǲɵЩ
ٶȷǳ죬ֻǿһһ̱ǳǰ
ʲôˣ
ͻȻǰ죬˽üͬʱҲЩݣΪûпʲôطеǰġ
λɣ²޶⣬ֻǷżȻλ̸λеľβ˽һ¡еһ֪꣬ѿɷչʾǾβݣ
֮ǰƵԼȥ͹һξβˣĻһ㶣ɵһЦǶǾβɫȤ⵹ҲǺϾĶˣܳɳΪβǸӲö˵ʵ˵ڵ۶ʱһЩ㼶ĴﶼΪ䶯ݣдԬҵ˻ȡǾβԬҸܾˡ
˵ţ΢ֱ̧һʶӻչʾһоβŮòޣҲ񻣬֫ȴմȾвѪˮһ̵̨֮ϣһͷͽֲ̨ܱʿڹۿʱʱ˷д˷ܵź
ֻβΣɣ
Цƺҫʲôһ㡣
Աߣĸʶӻеݣɵö¶Щâ
ȷʵǷǳޣսҲʵǲףʽƺܷǷ
ȷֵȥһ
ֲԬһܾ˻ȡββݺսˣԬҵ۶ԴԴϵȥǿ߹ͣڼ̵ʱھΪԬȡǳɹ۵вƸ
˵
Ҳʱһ˺Աӿ֣쿴Żʶӻ̹ǵɱ⵱ɢеľβŮĵڶͿɣ
۶
ʻꡣ
֪Լڶʲôʱɳ˾β磬֪ôʲôԬץΨһ֪ǣڶӵĵǰ״ǳ⣬Ȼ˲пĵΪޣʿ֮ͣȡвƸ
ӭɱ⣬ĸǴ󺧣ɵ÷˲ŵۿռΪɼɱ⣬ֻ궼Ҫˡ
㣬㡭
£ʱˡ
һѾס죬ֱӽ֮ץǰ


1617 ûˣʦ
ӭɱ񣬻ֱΣ˲䲼˿־壬˿½Լ֪ĹԬҵ۶һȫ
һѽ˦һ˲صԡ
ȥ껹ǡ
µ
ӻ֪ͿɵԬҵ۶λ껹ǣΪ껹ĵǣǿǿǳʱþǴ껹ڣƬĵǲԶ
˻˵Ľ̸ҲķӦȻ֪ʶӻеľβŮ˭ȴܹĳйϵ񲻿¶ôŨҵɱ⣬±Ǻ쳯껹Ƕȥ
˵ΪǷǳǿٶȱ֮绹Ҫ죬һ˲ʧԭء

ԶȥӰ˸ţɢɱ̫ˣǶҶ
ǻ̱꣬ˡ

껹ǣҹǡ
ҹӴ󣬶껹ϵʿԣ֪Ϊ껹ϵĵһĹԬ޽ĹųǣԬҵһ޳
޳Ϊ۶ڵǵۻʼΪԬҴӸץսԹʿͣʺͷ޼ǳѪȵڡ
ʱ۶ڵĳһ޴ս̨ϣһоβĽŮһͷʮɸߵԳħڶսս̨һʿʱʱ˷ܵź
ЩʿߣѪм޼ѪսԼѪսɸȴ۶ڹۿͬʱ򣬿һĺŮӴѪս˽Ծ˷ܺ档
ŮսףɫҲǾѣ֮ԦϴϺԣζ٣
ս̨ⲻԶһ¥ϣһ꿴ս̨оβŮеĴа֮⡣
ˣȴҪһλżȻǿץȻǵ۶ɫĶū̶ʮվΪȡ˾ԴֻӰսԣʱ˵۶⣬ǿǵ𡣡
ԱߣһȴǴźһа֮ɫ
䣡
𣡡
ս̨ڣӿԳ죬ս̨ں¡¡ҡƺһ̾Ҫ١
ȴǺѱ٣ΪϿ˵ӡ㼶µܸ޷ͬʱս̨зǳǿ㼶Ļս̨Χһڹ͵ʿʹѪ棬޷Ӱ쵽ս̨һڹ͵ʿ
ս̨ϣоβŮմȾвѪõϴһƣ룬۶ڱǿûûҹսľĵĺأҪã֫ϵϴʽΪⲻˡ
𣡡
ԳħХ׿ѪԿȰ벽ླʿ
Ůڵۿվڣâ⣬ǷʱͷǿԳħȴǽսЩǱαԳħķɣбڽѪˮ
Ůˡ
ϾͷԳħɲ򵥣֮һİ벽༶ޣҪǿܶࡣ
ŮѾսͷ벽༶ޣѾ˼࣬Ԭֱַųһͷ벽༶ޣұ֮ǰͷҪ׿ǿ٣Σֱضˡ
ʿۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ս̨Զĸ¥ϣ۶ͺ꣬ɫǱòÿβŮڿǵ۶ɫĶūÿնΪ۶ȡ׵вƸǵ۶ʧء
ʤ
궢žβŮקȭͷ
۶ĹأһһֹΪ۶ҲУǻӰ쵽۶ʱЩΪǰ͵ʿ˷ȳھβŮѾսͷ벽༶޺ּһͷ벽༶Գħˡ
𣡡
۶ϣԳħХˡ
βŮһδαԳħɣʱƣѾ˥͹ȡ
šҪţڽʦǿǰܡ
ŮޱԳħɺɵѪУҪվȴþûվ
𣡡
Գħ׿񣬿ɲ飬Ƶӿˮ˳Ůȥ
սѾվˣ
ս̨⣬ʿȴû˿ͬ飬һ˷ܣһеĹâֱֱĶս̨֮ϣٲȻǵŮԳħһ̡
һ̣ԳħŮǰͫгѪ֮⣬ɫצ׿Ů
˿񱩵һѪеľβŮԣǻԵġ
ﬣ
ʱһĿĽâԶ֮ͬ£˲ս̨ķĻԳħķ飬սֱ̨ķѡ
ѵս̨̳ƣʱӰµˣս̨ϵѪľβŮһԣ֮Ѫз漴͵ĽɫһʱӿŮ֣ʹŮƷɿĻָ
ŮȾŲѪˮƤ˶ĿϣҰѾģȴǿòʦʦ
ûˣʦˡ
ο
ȾѪľβŮڵյĵڶӣ壬Ϳɡ
Ϳ֫ϵ͵ĽɫӿĳͿӿȥΪͿˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һɱɱɢ̼۶񷶼Ϊ֮


1618 նˣٵ۶
ɱⷭӿ۶УǵϢĲ
˭
ս̨ͻȻ£ɢɱ⣬һʿֻо궼ˡ
ңղһЩҲǲͲµնһն£Ȼֱӻս̨㼶Ļս̨ϵİ벽༶Գħ󽫱鲼Ƶս̨ķѣĳңǺεȵĿֲ
ǺŮ
ɱԳħͿɴѪзΪˣ˽ԾȻͿйϵ
ţͿɵļһֻϣӿͿڡ
ͿѪۣ֮ǰ֫ϵм̣ᴩͿɵ֫ʱֽ󴦶Ѫһ΢ĵͿڣꡣңͿʱʼձŵľβ¶̬ҲɵйأĵǿпƣͿһֱ¶žβʹͿɵԵøˡ
һʱ䣬ɢɱŨЩطնɵΪ֮
ڵϣСѾͷˣʱë׵βƤ鶯Լβͱĺܣȴ˹ƵСѾͷ¶βǿСѾͷ̬͵ʿвƸ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮ǰԶ¥ϵͺ˹
ΪԬҸ۶ˣǺˣ⶷ūйϵ
ԵýСġϾһⷽս̨㼶ĻˣΪԲ򵥣Ӧ㼶ʵңɢǵɱҲˣԣΪƬǿԬҵˣԬҵڴﵽɼΣʱ죬ȴҲǲ˿
䣡
̶ص껰˵˲䣬ɫ磬ֱӽԱߵĺһ֣˸
һĻ۶һʿһ
ԬҸ۶ҪླΪȻ˲ͱĨɱˡ

˿죬ǲɵüһȻǲµĵ춯֡
ͬһʱ䣬ⷽ۶ڣһЩԬӵܸһ¶ɫ
Ҳʱ򣬱ŵͿƺ˴룬Ժʶ֮ȫָ
Žǰ죬΢ק·᣺ʦ
Ԭץסһͷͷ޼սȾѾʮգУܶˣȴδ¶һ˿飬ʱ򣬼ǰһ¾Ϳ˳Ǹίĺӡ
ޡ찲οǴίʦǧ򱶵Ϊֻ
Ÿϵ۶⣬СѾվվӭԳħɱȴǰηı鶼¶ҪΪǿգõСΪ̤ǿգԬҷץס
˼ǿΪĵӣ콾СƽռƤ鶯Ϊ̤ǿգȴǱԬץطǿŴϵ޴ĵ۶ڲϵĺһͷͷ޼սһʿĶȤζȡвƸʱǺӰίᣬܡ
䣡
һ쳹񷣬ϣһƬƬƲɿ۶价һһɫ磬һͷͷɫƲб
һ̣һɫԲ䣬գۼǽ۶ķѣʹⷽ޴ĵ۶˲ǻ档УʶĿɫ֮ûʹʿϾʱΪС걻۸ŭɱ⣬Ҳܽ۶ڵһʿȫɱ
⣬⡭
Ƶĵ۶ڣһʿ㤣ʵǸղµɫ̫ˣȻ˲㽫鲼㼶Ƶľ޴۶ķѣ⵽׵жǿ
ͿɵʱѾ׻ָϵѪҲĨȥĲվ
Բʦץطսūһ˹ͣɸ㶪ˡ
ᣬЩʣ˲ٵ·ָľëβҲ
ԴЦûе£룬СһֱʦֵýĿɰӡ
ʱȻڰοͿɣ˵Ļȴûһ˿һ١СҲİѣǾѾﵽ˵ۿڣܻɱ벽ླʿڼʱСѾͷװĲǶĿ־壬ŻҪΪǿգĵӣβýβɰ
ģ
Ϳʡ
ġ
Ц
ͿĨ˼ᣬúһЩע⵽Աߵ¡
áƯ
һϮɫ£ͻȻּ˾ŮĸоĵľβĶ
ʦѣ£ʦͺáΪͿɽ£ֿ£Ϊ½Ϳɡ
ʦã
Ϳɳ
á
µͷص
ʱͿɣҲưܵĵ۶žɫǵһʿͿɵʲôʱǿյģͷͳûһ𣿡
еıָɽѹİ׻ǵĵһλ˵ĺˡ뿪ʱͥͿƣ׻ͳոͿɣطͿȴûм׻ͳգ΢һЩɻ
ͿɵɺʹϻһٶǰǿдǰЩʱǿշˣɢˣڣҲ֪ϻġŵڳãΪΪЩǷȱ޷ǿգ˵ϣƹܵϵͥ
΢΢ͷȻ
Ҳİ׻İȫΪǿշ˺ǿճϫͬǿշȻܽǿе߳Զ䵽ԶһʼǴڣܺ򣬵ǱȴԾеκһ˿вټ֮׻ѪҲ㲻ԣʲô¡
Զ˶٣ƬƵ۶ϵʿֱץһˣĵԬģ
ĵӱԬԴưոݣٵ۶㲻ʲôҪһ帶صĴۡ
ץΪףŲڵΪӭȴǸо²˿һٶȽԬҵ֮죬ҽԼ֪ĹԬҵҲһһ⣬ֱӽˡ
춪ˣµкͿһֱӳԬضȥ
طһʿͿ뿪ıӰ˲ɵһ
⡭ҪԬȥɣ
Ԭҿһɾ򰡣ȥȻҲǿ󣬵ǡܺǿ߿ɣ
ⲻȥ𣿡
Щʿۡ
ǿɲáһ۷ĺ߿ڣ۸ղűץȥĲʿղڵ֪Ԭ֮ͬʱҲ֪ԬһЩ£оͰԬһ档֪ºɺԥĳԬҶȥұû˿仯ȻηԬǸɡ
ʿԣһ˼ǣǸˣɣ
ȻԷǳ󡣡
߳
⻰һطһʿǶݣ˲Ķ¡
Ԭϴ鷳ˡ
ૡ


1619 ԬҾ
뿪ٵĵ۶˵ٶȲ죬Ҳܿһ嫵ɽ⣬һ̻Ի͵ĵȻԬҵ֮
ûʲô˵ģɽ̧֮նһһɫĽֱķɳããգֱӳԬңٵԬҵͥ
󣬽âĽƲδͶ٣ֱԬڣֱԬʮ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģԬƬɽȺɵ˶
˭
ԬҶʱ󾪴ŭǿ϶ǲɵ˳
Ԭڴ˴Ϊ껹ǵĵһȴȻ˸ˣһԬҵͥ
Ԭδ·
ͿɣһһԶֱ뵽Ԭ֮ڡ
Ԭ˵Ŀʱȫ䵽ϣ¶ɱ⣬Ȼ֪ղһΪˣҴԬҵͥݵĴ룬ֱǳ˵
һ̣Щ˿ԵͿɡ
ô
㲻ڵ۶𣿣
۶ΪԬҶЩͿɱ۶Ųϼսڵ۶ȻΪĿԬЩȻ᲻֪ʱűڵ۶еͿɾȻ˿ڣϴźɣͬʱŨŨһζ
ĮΪ֮һɫ£ֱӽڵļ֡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըڵļԬˣһʱ䱻ɫ
ңڣҲΪ֮٣һѺۣѺͬ֩һ㳯˷ӣתۼʹøĲԬҵֱ̮
죡
ԬҼླŭȻóڶ֣˾ҴԬɱԬˡ
߸һ֣Ǵڲླ磬ͬʱѹ¡
ĮɫٴԲ䣬߸ֱ֣顣
ǣ
طһͨԬӵܵ
Ԭҵ߸ϣǲླ磬ΪǿսˣȴȻһ˲Ǳ˸ȫĨɱ
˿죬ʱɵúˣԬҵ˾ôǿ

ԬӵܿͿɣֿ죬ʱɵҲܿԬڵ۶źһͷͷ޼սͿɱضżĹϵ쵱Ǵӵ۶ھȳͿɣֱɱԬҵ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյԬҸĴʮӰתۼ
ʮˣѪǷǰ벽㾳ԬҵӦ˴Ԭңʱȫ˳
̫ϳǣϣʮ˳֣طһԬҵͨӶһϲæ񣬶ָ۶ͷūƺ˳ŲǳĹϵѾʮ˱
䣡
ɫ绮䣬ڵԬӵ˸顣
Ĩɱ˺󣬻δȵԬ߳ʮ￪ڣֱ̧֣һѽʮеԬҴǿ˹
Ԭ·ϣѾͿ֪٣˽Ϳץס۶ڣΪūΪԬвƸ
ҵӣ۶ΪԬвƸ˵˵Ҫô
ԬҴϣ䣬Ӵ̹ǡ
ԬҴһӭıͱֻ궼ݺһһɾʹǵ˵ͺѹʱ򣬾Զ
㣬ġ
죬Ա߽˫ȭһŭݵĶͿɣԬҴ϶ʱĿ㤡ʮǰǿץľβȻʦֲʱ벽㾳Ϊֻӭĺ⣬ȻԶ
ҡǣȡң
ʱץȥӭĺ⣬ˣǾֻ֣ܷԬҵļ̫ϳϺԬҼȡ
һĻʹطһԬͨӵٴδ󾪣ԬҵĴϣ벽㾳Ϊֻ벽ܿ㾳ɾ㲻֮ȴĲڱԬҵץȥֱԶֻԴſ־һļ̫ϳȡ
ԬҼԬҵļ̫ϳϣʱɫȻʮֱ
ԬҼ֣㼶ܲƵݻӡץȥԬңΪΪЩʲôΪǣղŶԬҴϵĻУ֪ͿɵľϵҲȻܲ³ΪδԬʲôҲˣֻԺɽص۶ϣ
¡¡ģӡϢˣ֯յĳ¡
ƫͷɨˣ⺮ɢ̽Ĵ֣֮ĵŵŵɺˣֱһѪ
㡭
¿죬㼶ԬҼ¶֮ɫ
㾳ȻƵĺ͸ˣ
䣡
һɫ統£ԬҼ֣˲ϡ

Ѫըҽд̶ԬҼֱӱһ飬


1620 ػʮ
ѪˮƮڿУʺĿ
ң
ôܣ
һԬӵȫɫǵļǴ㾳磬ȴȻһͱĨɱˡ
ȻԬҵİ˸̫ϳҲ󾪣¶ŭ֮ݣԬΪ껹ǵһУȴ˳嵽ڣնɱһϵˣسǵ
Ԭҵϣ˼̤
һ̫ϳĿɱ⣬۷弶ܺƵɱֱѹ졣
ҵĵӣǵʺ磡
䡣
仰£¡һһɫ׹䣬Ԭҵһ̫ϳϼܣ۵һԬҵһ̫ϳ
ʱ䣬߸̫ϳڣԬطӵȫɫ
ܣⲻܣ
˾ֵ
Ԭҵһ̫ϳϣ۷ΪȻͬԬҼһ㣬һͱɱ
Ԭ߸̫ϳ־ŭڶ̫ϳɱ󣡿ɱ󣬽
䣡
ӿֱӽ˵Ļϣһɫ£֮ķ顣
Ѫ׷ƮڿС
һԬӵܸӵľ֣һ壬һ۷̫ϳϱɱ
ֻһͱ
ץŵԬҴϿһĻĻеľֱԽԽŨסķҲû뵽ʮǰץסͿɾһǿʦһ㾳۷ĵһ̫ϳ϶ס˲ͱնɱ
䣡
ͻȻԬһǿܣϢ
ವһһԬתۼΪһ۵ߡ
ڣ
ˣԬһ˶ǲɵ¶ϲɫ볯Žдΰݡ
ڣң
ץŵԬҴϴе
ԬƣɳڣʱűץŵԬҴϣɨͿɺ£ĿϣĮԲõĻᣡĵӣ»ص۶ԵһŮ֮һȥ۶ΪԬҶūԬ
ԬѾɨڵһӵܵʶ֪һȥ
ͿɿԬ棬Ŀŭݡ
ɺƽû˿
ЦźڵĳЦС󡣡
ΪֻеۿվͿɲᣬɾԼҲ̸Ԭ澹ͼŽѹ͵۶ȥֱ޵ЦЦ
һɳڵˣܶһڰ벽ʾ˲ɱ벽۵Ĵ뷨
Цʲô
죬Ԭø䣬ҲǸâǺڵĳܲ
쿴ˣ̵ҡͷֻһ֣
䣬һһֱ߳ߵɫ׹Բ񷸡ֱ֣Ķ׼Ԭ棬¡
׹̱١

Ԭ汻Уһʱ䷢̶ҽУɫ׹һ˲ϢǷǣͬҲһ
ʱ䣬Ԭðˡ
ϣڣ
ģô᣿
Ԭӵܴÿ־ͬԬҼ̫ϳҲ⡣
һǿˣǿߣȻ֮ͬǰԬҼһ㣬Ҳһͱɱ
ץŵԬҴǾ֣ĸˣôᡭ
һߵͿɣ죬˶־ǣʮǰץסͿ۶ǵһôµˣǿ߶˲Ϣɱ
һ̣־壬ͬʱҲŨŨĺڣʱٶǧӣҲȥͿɰ
Ԭңһµѣ
쿴ץŵԬҴϣ䣬˽Ϳĵ۶
ӭıԬҴϺݺһеľָŨģ
쿴ˣôĹԷһ֮
漴ƫͷԬһʿ
һĵܾίѣ׷Ź
㡭Ҫʲô
̫ϳϾֳ񣬲ķŵŵɵĺˡ
һԬӵܸǿ־ĲԬңһֲˡ
쿴ԬЩˣת쳹񷣬ܼɫԲѹ£ԬҶУ̼ԬһŵձֻʮѱĻֺԬһһƬ档
漴ɫͼתۼ䱩ǣԬҶǡ
ɫ䣬ǿķӡֱĨԬ˵Ϊ
ΪҵΪ
㣬ǣ

Ԭһ˾֣ĸ˽һ̸оԼΪˣ׵ױͨķˡ
䵭ɨЩһۣûͣµкͿֱ뿪Զȥ
һۣ߳Զ
ʦлл㣡
ͿɵΪһŭٵԬҵĵ۶ֱɱԬȥն۶ԬҴϣնԬԬ棬ǽԬһٵԬˣܻϲ
ʵǲԾΪȥԬҵ·ϣѾ֪Ϊﵽɾ硣
ԴЦŵɰĵӱ۸ʦܲͷ꣬ʦҲΪΪӵֱӻһ塣
ͿЦ£죬ʵʦǸʲôˣһԲԣ


ж
˵壬˵ָ޷ȥʦԺ֪ˡЦ֮һԶΪˡ
Ϳɵ⣬ٲȻһҪ̼ı顣
ЦЦûж˵ʲô
뿪Ԭңú뿪껹ǣ뵽ǿ֮ڡ
ʦǽȥ
Ϳ
֮ʮ򣬾ǵᵽʦ̤·ĵط쿪ڣ£ʵǿתһתʮ򣬻ʱֱӻʮ򣿡
С
µ
룬ǾǿжߣȻٻʮ򡣡
֮ǰʱº˵ǿߣǿǳΪͿΣѶ껹ǣǿյĹֻ̽ǶݵƬ̶ѣԣʱٺǿһߣǿпǳȻٻʮ򣬱Ͼʮ򲢲̫ż
µͷá
£ǿУƽеһ㡣
תۼһʱȥ
һ죬ͣǰǿŤ¶һɫ漴Ⱥ뵽С
һ̣˴ǿŻһɫʰ쵵Ĵԡ
ˡ
лһĨâ
ɫʰ쵵ĴǣʮҲʮǣ԰벽ʾΪǿʹ˲ԽֱŹǴ


1621 ɾ
ʮǿеȣܾ޴󣬵ȴɫʰ쵣ʵԣһظС
ʦеĵط
Ϳɿʮǣ˫֮ǰѾܶʮ£
߰ɡ

ʱ»صЩлϴŵЦ
£˳ʮڿ룬ܿǽʮڣڵʮ
ȥô꣬쵱ʮ󣬾ƬڵԶŨƬȴûκһ룬ƬããĲԭΨһı仯ǣԣ²һЩ󴫳еĴƬеͽȴԽԽˣʱܿʿƬ໥䶼ǱһʮֺгķΧûκ
֮ˣҲΪ컹ʮʱΪ˵ڤ֣ʮһϵһս֮Ǻʮлǰδеƽ밲
Ƭ򣬺µͿɽھ
ȥھɽһһһһԺܷǷǿһЩȣȴҪϲ٣ûȡ
ȥɽ
졣
룬ͷá
ʱػʮ¿϶ҪɽģʱҪҪȥɽȻܾϾϾСɽһ
µͷҲʲôһ̱ʧͿɳһ嫵ɽȺ䣬ɽ
˵ɽ塣
ϣϾСö졢ºͿɵ˵иУת˲˹漴϶¶ϲɫֱͣ
С£ˡϾƮ˹ѵ飬ЩĴˣ£Сµеȥˣôϸ˵ģȻһˡ
ڵ±˸ǿоߣ¹ȥ꣬Ҳһ㶼ģΪȴ±⣬Ҳû˱жǿƬؼ䣬ûв¡
ҲС
µ
̲סЦÿϾСʱ¶ҪҲСʵȤ
ϾЦ£ƮǸСһĲӣ˵ˣЩǲһֱСһûзʲôһߺô˵һԱߵ£ЦдһЩСС顣
캹գϾֱ׼Щ꣬ȷʵһֱһ
ϾĲӣЦĿ죬󣬿ԱߵͿɡ
ǣ
졣
ҵĵڶӣͿɡ
ΪϾͿɣͿɽϾ顣
ͬʱҲΪСͿ໥¡
ʦãСá
Ϳɺò
֮Ϳطͣʱ䣬漴뿪
뿪ɽ󣬴Լʱʱ䣬ͿһɽȺ⡣
ȥɽȺڱ鲼ձ࣬֯ŵǳŨǿκһ󴫳жҪǿ౶
ʦĵһͥ
Ϳ
ԡ
Ц
ûͣ٣Ϳֱ֮ͥͥ⣬ͥһͥɱɽ󾪡
ɵ۴ˣ
һɱɽд
ͣһɱɽ漴ͿɲͥС
úͥһԺڣϦꡢѩҹ˽ڡ
֣Ůһ㶣漴ֶ¶ϲɫ
ϾѾδˡ
磡
Ϧֱ˹
ꡢ桢ѩҹͰŮҲ˹
һƮ꣬ǻˡͷС̫أûкһ뿪ʮС̫ǺһģˣȴûмС̫ӰӣЩ档ֿŵͿɣǣ
ΪһЩϵСһʹֿˣӦûµġͿɣҵĵڶӡ
˵ţͿһһܰŮӡ
ǰᵽСꣿ
ɰ
ŮΧ˹ȥ
һδǿйʱͿɵ£ʱٴһ¾
ͿɺòҲܿģϾǺʦϵܵˣһһż
ҹͥⷽԺڿνǷǳ֣»ȻǷǳˡ
һҹܿȥձ漴ʱĺܿ죬ת۰š
صͥ˼Ů£һͥĵɵڱչ޿ٶ꣬ѾٶûˣɲܻķС
ͬʱڱչ֮ǰȡĵرͿɣʹͿڶʱΪһء
ڼŮȫûҪΪеϾƹͻͥ˶ʱﵽ㾳ǳʯİټ֮ȥٶʱ䣬ԼŮҪôҪôʷǳˣؽϣʱ򣬼ŮӵΪѾǷǳǿ󣬱ڵҪǿϲ١
ϵĵرȣڼȼŮӶԣѾû̫ô
ٶ갡
Щա
ٶ޷ԼõΪѾԽⲻò˵һ˺ε¡
ڴˣǸˡϾԼܵ˱úǿǼĺ¡
ϥɵڣ漴̫ľֱתĽɫ͸
һۣʮȥת̫ľʹüľﵽ۷״̬ȡöɫȻǵ޿õľ
ܲһöľýκڶʱڶһС̨׵Ϊ
ת̫ľһʼȡľ
һʱ䣬ǳŨɫ⻪ľƮһƵڣڼ˵ɵƬҼ̫ľĹУɵƬеɿıɣѪڣʹľٱǿΪҲһǳ˵ٶȳ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ĽɫâŨɢĵ֮ҲǱøǿ
ˣһۣһʱȥ
һʱȥһ죬ͥϿպһֲףɫƵһʱ۶ݻһ޴ĺɫУھΪ֮úڰѹֵϢǵض£ĵھ˲ϢսսĩսҪһ㡣
ȾûгãֻѣϵƱɢȥѹֵϢ˲ʧ
ͬʱͥɵڣһƽɫ⣬ʱ˫ۣУâһš
չһ꣬öľɵ뵽˽ɾΣڷֱ˽ɴ١һ˲䣬ʱ˳˽ɾʹøĽ׷ֿٵɢȥ
Ͼɲͥڶɽ٣ǻֱӻͥڣھҲ⵽ѡ
׼ȥǿжɽɽ١



1622 ׻ټ
ͥɵ߳ҪĶɽ׼ʵҲ̫࣬ܿã˵󣬶ԿʮڸѰһŷǿ롣
νǣָûκǳûҰ飬򵥵ֲҲûС
ʼ
վڵһƬĮϣֱӷſԼǰΪɡ
ʱӿɫŨƻۣϢһʱԲѹ䡣
һ׷ʼԵ䡣
ģһ飬һ̮ǶΪ֮ҡ
ʣޱȿֲ
ǣȴ˿޾塣
ΪӦ·ϵһδ٣ѰɵǿսԣⳡɴٵĻǳˣȴδвУžԵĿԶɵĹȥ
ͬʱɵʱ˳һɽ١
Զͱռʥ쾧ɣΪıԴһҪڶɽУһδϴʹ֮ԽԽǿ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ϣĽһ䣬·Ҫǧһж顣
ʱƣҲ֪˶ãϵ׷ǽɢȥֵǣ±
ˡ
촭ϢɵٵĿʮǿᣬ˿ҲǻȾѪ˼Ϊصˡ
ͬʱɳĮʱȻǳ׵ıˣǾ޴ѷ죬йҽԵصӶȵĺܡ
ˣ
ϣһƬ߲ɫ۶߲ԣ֡
֪̺зǳ˵ת̫ľɣңҲٴɵʹɵϢԽӵԽӵǿ
ܿ죬߲ɢȥϵ߲֮飬תɢһɶ
΢΢ȭʱȻǸо˼ǿӻ֯Ϣʱ䣬˽ĵøӾˣȸҲ˾޴ɲʱȫصĺ蹵
ͷɵ֮ɾ˽Ϣø֯ھһδϴøˣһɷǳ嫵ѹܡңͬһʱ䣬ϳȴ⣬ҲһƣзǳʥʹϢǿǰĵһʥ
ϢȻİϢ
Խɼû뵽ɵڣɵ֮Ѿ嫵һΪ˵ĳ̶ȣκʱҪĶࡣ
ЩСҶͯС꣬Ŭ
Ц
Сһٶǰ뿪ǿΪԴѾ֪صʮִӼ֪Ҷͯںܶǰ뿪ʮҲǿд֮ͥɵ۵ĺȫҶͯСЩŬ£ܸܵĵ
˶٣ɵڳһڡ
漴ƬѾʮưܵǿۣ뿪ת۱ǿǣúʮǴ»صʮ򣬻صھͥС
ֻһʱʹɾ˽ɾٶȿ졣
졣
Ͼв׵ңҲֻúͬһѡ
Ц
ʱٶ꣬ȼŮӣﵽ˽ɳڡ
ȻǴͬһ磬սĻǼҲԶԶ޷ȡ
﷭ۡ
ǼŮӣҪô壬ҪôʳսԶͬʿȣȻ̫࣬ϾǴ˵еǿֻ壬һ·㾭ʮ٣սǿֲĺܣԶܼ
ȻñǿҪǱˣǺѿ
Ц
εʱŵĺܿ죬ת۱¹ȥ
µʱǺͼһͬʱҲʱ䷵һ²ȥ˵塢𻯵šڶİ׼ҡһķڡĹȺͱ׹һһݷ೤ѣԶͳ˲׵ر
һ죬ͥĴԺڣҵŶŶм°æ
Ŷͼꡢ桢ѩҹϦסͬһطΪҲǴڽɳڡ
ʲôأ
Ŷʵ
̧֣ʶӡ۳׻ģҵһѣĴλá
׻ͿһǿգΪǿշ˶ɢ֪ںδţǵý֮ҳǡ
Ҫټǿҳ׻ĴλãԼʵ죬ڱƿŶԣȴûһ˿һѶȡ
Ŷԣ˵ͷһƬƬ⻷ϣ֮еޱʥࡣ
漴һۣʮȥ
ҵˡ˵˶ٺֲɵƯüͷһЩ鷳


1623 ڶ
ŶĻ΢΢ݣ׻鷳
ʲô鷳
ʵ
Ŷâ֯˸˶٣Ǳʲôסˡ
ǳ죬ǿ֮Ŷ壬ųƴʴˣпνܷӵµЧ񲻽˰׻Ĵλãҽ׻ǰľҲһ
Σ𣿡
ʵ
ǰûΣաŶҡͷǣҪƺ
ͷûΣվͺá
лˡ
Ŷ
ŶԣƲƲ졣
΢㶣ôˣ
Ǻѣл֣̫ˣҵˡ
Ŷ
캹գЦŵУҵĴԺлˡ
ŶҲЦ
Ҳһ죬ʱ֣ҵŮ֪ŮӣԼ뿪
Ŷ֪׻ȻȥͷӱĵطͬʱС̫ӦûֻһЩģҳ׻󣬵ȥһϡ
֪ˣһСġ
Ůӵ
ͿҲĵرѾﵽ㾳Ҳ֪뿪ҪȥʲôʦһҪ˵ţɾͲһȥˣ׼ȥǿм
Ѿﵽ˽ɾ磬һܴŰ׻һ棬ǿȻҪķѼ£ȴӰУ˵лĺôΪ֮Ƿǳ˵ڴĹУҲἳȡУڸ涼зǳơ
ͷЦУʮͥһƿء
ʱ꣬ʮͥʿѾǧ򣬶ΪͥйžκƣֻҪͥӣɹĦԴҲŵıȽɣˣͥʿֻ࣬ǿҲǷǳ࣬ԿǿеһС
˵ţֵʦҲǿвһж
ҶͯòչָͿɡ
ͬʱϻʣмöľһͿɣͿڴﵽɾľ󻯵õ⼸öľЧ
ţ֪ʦҲһʦ֮֡ɻŬģ
Ϳɵ
֪¶Ų׵ãܹ£Դ˷ǳġ
ңȴҲʮֵȤ
ͷˣٴκͼŮӵ
磬棬һҪǵðȫһ
Ϧֱֳ𣬲ȴҲûΪֳ֪Ҫȥ졣
ģǿġ
ЦϦԴ
ػʮһʱ䣬һ죬ٴ뿪ܿǿھ򣬽ʮ򣬶뵽ǿС
Ե

Ŷõ˰׻ĴڣԵһλϡ򣬾ʮڵ򣬵Ҳ̫Զֻһѣɾԣ̫ʱܵΪﵽɾ˺ǿУܹȽƶʱ䡣
ʮǣ˺ǿ룬˲ʧԭء
һ̣ǿпǿһλϣٴ˺ǿС
Ȼ˺ǿǿƶϾΪ̫ǿ˺ǿܿԽľޣҪͬǰһ˲ԽȻܡ
ˣһδ˺ǿǰУһ۱ǹȥһµʱ䡣
һºһ죬ͣıԵλá
طԵ÷ǳ谵߹ǿκλöҪйߵĴڡȥԶһ޴ĺڶʣֱҲ֪ж󣬱һЩϴǵֱҪˣϵĿͬаתҪ
Զݣǵһμôǿպڶ
ͷڶȥˡ

Ŷ׻ڵǿλãǰǿǿպڶټ֮Ŷư׻룬ˣһ֪׻Ǿںڶڡ
ûͣ٣ֱӳǰĺڶȥ
ǿպڶܽһж룬͹߶⣬ǳΣգǣﵽɾԣȴǲʲôвĴڡ
ǿպڶһޱǿԺڶڴǳˣȴ޷Ӱ뵽ڶ֮С
ʼһڶҰøӻ谵ѾԳˣѿĶһжԵúģһޱѹֵϢ֯ܡ
Ȼ޷Ӱ쵽죬ʱڵĺڶڣһʱۣһе
ܵѹϢǶӰ졣
̽ɼɢʼѰұеİ׻
ˣܿǰʱȥ
ʱʱлһĨâڶеϷλá
ҵ˰׻Ϣ
£һǿ˹ȥܿйԶڶеһλϡ
ȥǰռΣһͷ׻ͨ彻֯ǿʢ⣬ڳʲô
Ӵɫ𡣡
еĴк
ͷ׻ȻڵʶͷһǸ
׻Կ죬ۣСӣһѾȥ꣬û뵽ںڶôãȻͻȻп졣󣬿죬ǺܿعϽﻢүĪסˡ
ʱʲôҲȴһɫ֯ϣ֮һ̶ķΧڣۿվʵȫ޷ѳȥ
һЦǰȥ֡
׻ʲô۵ȴܹһЩرĶʱ򣬰׻һӵĳڣԽ㾳ʿס
̧֣ƻһƽֱӳŰ׻ϵһλնȥ
ƽն﷢͵һ죬Ű׻ĳֱӱѹ顣
ˡ
˵
ͬһʱ䣬׻оѹܵǹʧˣǶת۾ʹӱǸλ뿪вɵ¶һĨϲɫ
Сӣ
ԡ
طѾкܳʱˣһз޷룬ȴ룬Ȼһĥ˷ʹ
˵ţЩ죺ôҲǱڶģ
б̫ˡ
ȥ򵥵£ҲͰ׻ɢСѾѰ¡
ԭ׻ˣͬʱЩ죺Ȼܸǿգǰүλú;ֱǡ
ǿľλú͵ǰֶʵԾ
䣡
ͻȻڶڲԶһ˵ڹ⴫дżǿѹֻ޴ɽͫڶĵĶͰ׻


1624 Ų
ĵͫ׾޴ޱȣϻ˵ĲһѪϢ
һͷӴޣɭɭаɸߡ
ɼ
׻¡
ⷽڶУҰǳڣûۣ򵥵ĿԿеĶȴв׽ʶӳܱߵ
Ҳǿͷ޵ģҲӦ˶ԷʵԿȽɳڵʿ
Щ죬뵽ⷽڶоȻȼޡ
һ̣ͷӴ֮󣬲ɵǶݡ
ǸطȻһ޴Ŀռѷ죬ٲȻһռŻĴڣͨһδ֪ڡ
׻˳Ŀ⣬ɨӶȥȻҲǷѷĴڣ¶֮ɫ
⡭ͷޣѵǴѷдܳģ
Ծ
໣
޺쳹ʮɸߵ˻𣬽ɼⷽڶɵþҵҡ
޴ӶͰ׻ֱӳ˹Ȼǽߵֻԣ봿Ĺ߶ѡ
ӭϢ׻ɵӣɼޣɵס
СӣϽܣ
е
бһۣӭųİޣһ
˲ɸߵǰؿڴһ޴Ѫ
Ѫˮ׷Ľ
һĻ׻ɴۣСӣ⡭
һͷɳڵޣȻһͱᴩˣ
𣡡
ɸߵޱᴩŭɼøӵĺˡ
ת˲䣬¡¡ģⷽڶҡĸٴγͰ׻
ϢЩˣԣȴ㲻ʲô
̧һӡ콣еһݻһԽɼΪննķ飬
Сӣ㵽ɾˣ
׻ۣʱΪϸо˽Ϣ
ͷ̤ûá
˵⻰ͬʱݸղնɱͷʱĶݽ棬Լսаóһۣڰ벽֮£Ӧ޵еˡ
Ҳ̫ˣ
׻
Եʶȥ꣬δﵽۿ۷壬ȴǴʱδﵽ˽ɲΣٶȣơ
ɨһۣˣԾڼ䣬һĳطٶţ硣ŵڣ롭
¡¡
ʱⷽڶֱӴĻ
һ̣ⷽڶڣطʼѺۣһɱϢʼ֯ѹֵ˼㣬ʹýɼ춼ɵöݡ
ⷽڶʼ̮ˣ
׻ۡ
ͷȻ׻²ǰ㣬ⷽڶʼˡ
ⷽڶȻ֪˶꣬϶ܾã̮٣ʵһȻݱıضΪڶȶԶڣγɿʼǻлʱ򣬾ͬ򵥵ֲͨķһŴʱơ
ⷽڶԭѾޱƽҪʧٽ㣬Ϊǰɸߵ𶯳ɼǿԼԽɼΪն콣еͨӴֱʹⷽڶ䣬ʼʧ
ߡ
к׻źڶȥ
ٶȷǳ죬ת۱ǿԶ
ڶٵĳ̶ȳ󣬶ڴڵĿռ䣬ת۱ʧˡ
ʧǸط˻ǣûκ·ߣҲ޷ͨС
ңͬһʱ䣬ⷽڶڣطһƬƬ٣ǵش
ЩǵشڣΨϵǿ߲ſԴڡ
ˣѵҪ棿
׻Ȼëɵõ
ڶʼ𣬳·Ѿʧ޷뿪ȵڶʧһ̣Ҳźڶʧһʧ
ʧȻ
ʱȻҲǸо˴Σɨܣɿ˼վķһ˲俴֮ǰ޴ѷ졣
ʱⷽڶ̮ѷҲŤȴûڵһʱ顣
֮ǰɨӹѷӦƿռŻڣͨһƬδ֪Ŀռ䣬֮ǰͷޣҲ֮ͬǰ׻²ǰ㣬ǴռѷĿռںڶ֮С
ҲǺڶĳʱǸʱƿռݣͨһδ֪硣
뵽һƾâк׻ֱӳѷڳȥ
ʱⷽڶڱʧУضֻ·һѷ죬Ȼ֪ܵʲôطȴԿڱٵĺڶס
ˣʱѡȻûʲôԥģѷΪǡ
ڴˣ׻ȻҲףʲôҲû˵ٶȳѷȥ
ٶȶܿ죬תۼѾޱŤĴѷ촦ûС
ǳѷе˲䣬ѷֱӱڱٵĺڶѹ
¡¡
ҵĺڳ޴ĺڶ̮һƬƬǣҲ֪˶ãڶʧԲ޾ңԶľڣȫ˻֮أߺͲȣʲôûС

ѷڣͰ׻ҰǱһƬڣռھҵ𶯡
֮Ҳ֪˶ãһһǰߣһɿռһɫɽ䡣
ûӳˣ
׻ĳ˿
ı鵹ƽһЩΪһʼϵǵѷ뿪ڱٵǿںڶӶס
ʱƶĿ⣬ʼԼͰ׻ⷽɽһʱǿǿ޺ᴩƬɽ䣬ɼ𣬽ɼҲǲ٣еŨ
𣡡
ɽֲϡ裬޺쳹ʮ
ʹͰ׻ǲɵöݣʱ϶֮ǰǷڶڵͷޣȷʵͨѷ⴩еǷڶڣԷ֮ǰλãɾڵⷽɽ
ģ
׻ɫɨϡ
ҡͷҲŵƬռ֪¡
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ʱƿյʿԶٶȲܿ죬ҲԶɨܣƬɽѲһ㡣
һ̣䶼ǿͰ׻ӲͬʱͰ׻ɢϢǳǿᡣ
ҲΪ˾Ųɸ
һ
ԣ΢΢üʲôŲɸ
װͿ
䣬ӿȻŽڵΪ
ԱߣҲǴڽڣֱŻۺͺУƽɸ֮ǰ˭ʱﴳƬɽɱ⣬úǷϻʲôǲΪǷɸ⣬ֱɱˡ
ͷҲǡ
ԱߣֱӶˣһƬᣬ˲Ϣһ⽣ǿĽϢն£Ͱ׻һС


1625 
ŽϢܹ⽣ն£ǿʢǳת۱Ͱ׻ǰ
ʣһǳǿնɱκνɳڵͨʿ
ֱ̧֣ӽһ˫ָ
ܹ⽣ĺ΢ݣһ䲻ȫҲԲԭΪһͰ׻ȫնȴ룬ô׾͸
ܹ⽣ӵĽ⣬һɱϢӿҪֱ۸
Ȼܸо˫ָܹ⽣ǿʢ˫ָܽ֯ɫһŤ

һ죬նܹ⽣ֱӱķ顣
˵ˣ֪ʲôŲɸΪ˶
ɨӺ˵
Ļ޶ԣֻΪܹ⽣ŤеøŨ˼֣ٴӿһûŵ⽣ն졣
ͬһʱ䣬źһͻҲˣһɱ
Ҳ˵ˣǵĿǲǾŲɸɱ⡣
Į
һ֣ȻҪѸٽͰ׻ɱܽǺǿʢ
䣺ô˵ִҪˣ
Ͱ׻֪ʲôŲɸƬɽƬɽڵʲôŲɸҲУȴǰԵĺܣԳǲΪŲɸҪնɱˣҲֱ
Ļ΢΢һ㶣漴ȴ걾⣬ͻ궼ǲɵôЦ
㲻ɳڵΪͬʱڽɣҲ˵Ļ
ղţܲ˫ָ䣬Ťܹ⽣ֱӸӦľΪ
첻ԲƫͷˣŲ΢һ̱ǳڻǰ
굱ݣٶ㡭
ˣ
޴ĺ쳹գֱӶ֣Դһȭ
ΪȻֻǴڽɳڣ֮ǿȴǲѾܺˣһȭѹ£νǷʧɫ
ۣ
Ѫˮֱ̽ӱһȭҵķ飬ͬڵҲһ
һĻʹð׻ֱӵɴۡ
֪սԶͬʿԸղԻǿѹҲûеǣȻֻǴڽɳڣҲӦԵˡǣû뵽ǣԶԤеҪţȻƾż򵥵ĴһȭȻͽеĻֱӺɱ
̬
̲ס
ͬһʱ䣬ʼһĺȫǱɫǰֻнɳڵˣȻеĽڵĻ꣬һȭ͸ɱˣ
ʹ˽ǲɵ𾪡
һ̣ɫľɫʧˣñԱߵĺΪֻнɳڣǣΨһ̵ֻǿԶ빥Ҫǰɣط֮Ĩɱ
䣬¡¡ڳһԣǿʢ̶һƣǷһ㻷ϡ
ǬһȺħϢң̫㣡
ĵ
ķĻһ䣬죬ʮգӸǶѹ죬δ䵽ϣʹ궼ɵ΢
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣǶ֣ͬһ㣬Ҳǳġ
ھǧ񣬵춽ٻʱ߱в
˵ͺȡ
ܼӿݻĹɿ쳯ѹȥʹǿҲɵ΢Ѫ䲻ɵһɺƺҪѪ
Ȼ˵ǰר꣬ߣӵ߽
ǡ춯ݣлһĨâѵ磿
ڵĹż֪¡ǿ֮ϣȴ⣬ΪԶǿǿյĴ磬ЩΪģ϶٣ޱȹ󣬽ǻԶԶǿ
磬ΪĴ֮һ
ݹżϼأʿأӵзǳ˵ܡ
ɵ𣡡

꿪ڣĳĬ˼Ǳͺŵˡ
ԣˣһƬĮ
˵ض˵Ƿǳǿ󡣵ǣȴ޷вϾΪȻŽɳڣսȴԶ˿ɱȣѹˡ
ѹԵսǰǿطǺ塣
ˣһһƬɫӿֱӽͺѹתյȫ
ף
ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߵĺҲΪ֮󾪡
ף˵еԷٻͷ򶼲⣬û뵽Ȼƿȿµ档
鵭Į΢һͬȰеǰ
ûκζֻǼ򵥵һȭѹ£ǿʢˡңͬʱɫĴҲһȭˣȭһѹ¡

귢ҽУֱӱһȭҵķ飬ֱͬ
ϵѾʧʱ¶˾㤣ֱתӣֳ̧ƬɽĴһ⣬ٶȿ켫˲ʧԶա


1626 ɵ
ŶԶĺ꣬ɣŲ΢΢һǿ޾ңԶľ룬һ̳ںǰԷ¡
һת䷽򣬳һλöߡʱѾͻߵ壬ǰ˾ԲԿˣΨӶݷпܱס
ֻǣٶȱˣһαӶ֮·һѹǶ¡
ۣ
ǿһƣ˫ҽ֯ףǽĵķ顣
һΣûͬ㽫ֱնɱֻĨ˵ӡ֮֮нԼǰ
Сӣղǵ⡭
׻Ƭɽλã֮ǰ곯һ⡣
쳯Ǹɨۣ޷Ǹλõǿǵ£ûʲôˡ
˵ţĿڱӡŵĺ֮ϡ
㡭Ҫʲô
죬д˾֮ɫ
첢ԷԴһʱֱû뵽˵֮ڣֱѰеһС
ܿ죬ʮȥûеıԴأ˦һף˵
ôҵЩʲô֪ڴʲôطˣ
׻ʵ
硣

ͬ²ǰ㣬Ͱ׻ͨڶڵռѷƬռ䣬ȷʵ磬ͺ֮ǰʩչҲȷʵ
磿
׻΢ɡ
֣ǵһ˵
Ͼûȥ򣬶ƽе²˽⡣
һƬԶǿչĴ磬֮˶١
Ͱ׻¡
򶼲˶٣
׻һ
䲻ȥ򣬵ǶĴ˵Ȼ֪ģȶ˶٣ȻЩ𺳡
ƫͷƬɽĴȥ
ţӺУȷƬ磬Ҳ֪һЩ¡ꡢͻ꣬ΪһǳϵļӵܣΪҹϡ壬綼ǳǿᣬǿڶࡣһΣҹǿ߽ƬɽΪ֮ǰᵽġŲɸڵһڹɾгˣкü벽ɼǿһݿνʮ־ˡ
ꡢͺ꣬ǿ߶ƬɽΧѲӣ䱸κ˽룬Աǿ̽ѰڹѲӹУκڼƬɽĨɱ
ɵ

Ӻ֪ǼľƷ˵壬ȴޱǿ󣬾зǳ˵ġɵ֮ܣɰɵ˵͵ڹˣͬһ󾳽ڣκζ֣޵Уʷ϶кպ
ɵ˵ʲô
׻΢ɡ
û򵥵ĺڹ¡
£׻һôţκƿͬһ󾳽޵У˵һͨĽɳʿƿԺɨ֮κˣһͨɳʿƿ֮±ֲܣ
ڶڹ֪ȷʵ

׻ǳԾ⡭
ˣڹֲ̫ˣӼֵԿ۷ˣȵֵˡ
䣡
ͻȻǿʢԶ֣Ӱطգۼ伴
ˣǳŨеϢȫǴڰ벽ɾ硣
͸ղŵͬһ壬ΪǸСӴ⣬Ƭɽɱ
׻ݡ
ն
ȷʵǺͬ壬ҲȷʵΪɱǵڰ˳ƬɽͰ׻ӰҰɱͻ¡ʱֱӶ֣һ֣飬Ȼǲ롰ԼһƬɽѰھɵ֮ܵĹܵκһ˿ţҪֹ˷¶֮й
һ֣¡¡ģƬն𶯣ƺһ̾Ҫ顣
ӭܣ׻Ķ£СӣĹ
֪ǿ󣬲Ÿոտɳھնɱ۷ǿߣ벽ɣȴǲȷǷܹסϾ벽ȻǾڽ󾳽ڣսȴԶԶǽ۷ʿȵˡ
ս򲻹ȴû˿ɵı飬ԵʮƽǾˡ


1627 Ϣ
սǿɳڵΪնɱ۷ǿߣ԰벽ɼˣȴҲǻѹܴ󣬵һһˣǿһ£ͬʱˣսȥһսȴǸûκһ˿ʤ㡣
ˣʱԡҹ塱벽ͬʱɱıȴҲʼղ䡣
սס벽ɣֶζǣа취׽ˡ
ˣ
⣬˿˿Ƶɫâ֣ӭҹ벽ɱһо˵޺𴫳ʮͷֲĻĹ˲Ϣǰ
໣
𣡡
ʮͷɢŲ벽ɵĲֱӭɱ꣬𶯣̱ǽ˵ɱܸķ飬ɡ
ʱ䣬ͬʱɫǸоʮͷ޵ǿᣬǳ¡
ô£ЩǴģ
˾ɣ֮ǰûпЩޣǣʮͷȴϢĳǰ
㻽ģ
һ˲˵Ŀȫϡ
û޵ͻȻôʮͷޣƫɲɵľͳǰĥǵĹȻ˲뵽ʮͷ޵ĳǺйء
ͬһʱ䣬׻ȻҲǿ˳ʮͷ޵ĳֺйϵɵõԲۣСӣ⡭
ܹоõͻȻֵʮͷ޵Ŀ£ÿһͷԿȰ벽ɣ쾹ٻǿޣңһԻʮͷǰɲֶ֪ΰ
ƽҹ꣬΢ʮͷ޶ʱٴη볯˳ɱȥҪ̵ոֱӱ١
ͬҹͰ׻ǰ㣬ʮͷȷʵǴԪеڻ
Ϊս벽ɣԪЩĹޣȴ׵ɱˡңҪ˵벽ɣϰ벽ɣҲ˿⡣
ΪΪﵽɾԽĵˣӡƵɼޣǿ󾳽磬ͬʱʮͷĨɱ벽ɡ
𣡡
ʮͷ˫š
ҹ굱Ǳɫ˰벽ɾΪֻƾƾжϵĳԼ˾Բʮͷ޵Ķ֣濹ĻյĽֻ֣ﱻɱ
ߣ
һ˵ͳкĸֱ꣬ӳʱ·ˣԶ˵ء
Ȼôܷȥһʮͷ޵𶯳ǿգۼ꣬籩Ĺֲʮ졣

ҽлصֻգۼѣһ걻飬ڴ˵
ס֣ҵΪҹ壬ͣ¹˷֮£ҵȵʲôδƽʱ뵽ƬɽҲƽɱˣټȥ㽫׳Ϊҹ֮У
ĸеһ˵
쵭ĮɨһۣԷ˵ʲôƬɽҹ壬Ͱ׻һȴΪƬɽѰĳڹ±ţҪɱǣǲΪڹΪƬɸҪɱ⣬Եĺܣңǰɱǣô飿
΢ʮͷ޷˵ӿǿʢ
ҹĸ־ŭ죬ɱ⡣
ɱǣҹΪУڵģ֮綼ûǵ֮أÿ
һ˺
Һú¡

䣬ʮͷĹ
ҽת۴Ѫˮһ䡣
ʮͷǿĻĹޣҹ⼸˾չֳһڷǷȴҲǸסһ̶ӺһĨѪըҹ嵽İ벽ȫ飬
һ˲䣬طʱð
⣬ǡ
׻ۣ벽ɣôĨɱˡ
һʮͷ޵΢ûڵԪڣֱʧ
СӾȻֶΣʲôȻٻôǿޣ
ʵ
ͨ
û϶˵ʲôƫͷƬɽĴλá
׻Ҳ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ˶ĥʲôҹ壬ԵѰ˽Ƭɽˣ˭ƬɽǲΪǷɸڹҪɱ⣬ʵûүˬ˵ţСӣһôţǲˬҲˬѰڹǺǿȥƻڹ
ڹǵսҲԴңɸһǿߵĹŸӦûһЩ׵ıǶԣһдá
ô

쿴Ƭɽλã˶٣ͷԡ
ҹڰԵȷʵЩˬͬ׻ԣҹѰҵھСɵ֮ܵĹǰǿǽ֮ȡսȻܴ󡣶ңǾŲɸڣضֻڹмֵٵıܹѰһЩǶԣȷʵдá
ȻΪҪǣ֮ǰӺ֪ҹһУǿߵΪֻǰ벽ɣȻսԶԶǶ֣Ԫڣȴǲüɵˣȥһɸڵıھɵ֮ܵĹҪһʿܹв
߰ɡ
£к׻ֱնƬɽλôȥ
֮ǰĺڣ֪ҹǿƳɸĽƣˣȻҲ֪ƬɸλʹƬɽλá
ܿ죬ʱȥһһƬɽģȥطһƬƽ̹Ŀտأ˾طȫҹǿߣУٰѲӾܣںʩһɹǿܽ֯һӡƮںƽƬռڵһƵĽơ
ƿЩƣɴǷŲɸˣ
Զ׻΢ۡ
ͷӦǡ
ʱһһＫԶӡڸеϢûбѲܵЩҹʿ֡
ϾѲֻܵǽɼΪҪֿϢѶȻ൱ߵģ˵ֵܷˡ
߾ԶڸϢҹƽɸƣת۱ʱȥ
ƿˣ
ʱһͳϲƮǰĿտյشƵǿڱҹһǿߺĨռ䵱𶯣̶ֳһš͸ţģĿһɽһƷǷ
ңһɷǳŨϢ͵֮ϢӹźԵʮ־ˡ
ɸ򵥰
Զ׻΢
ͬһʱ䣬Աߵڵһʱ䶯ݡ
ΪźɸݣΪɸϢ͵֮ϢݣУһ˿ǳϤϢһ˵Ϣ


1628 үȥ
оŴɸźϤϢ첻ɵЩԾ
ǸһϢôط֣ңƬɸУ
Ĳ졣
ϤϢоƵϢһģһ
ǰƺͷӢ۵ȹһ뿪ʮ򣬸ԷֿѾǹȥ꣬룬ȻطоƵϢ
ôСӣ
Աߣ׻ʵ
оһ˵Ϣ
û
Ϣ׻˳ȥźɸڣɵҲǶݣ洫ģ
ԡ
ͷ
϶Ļشʹð׻ǲ죺ǾŲɸǲŸձҹѰողŴĹ˵Ϣô洫ѵԷɸһؽƶɸڣ
ҡͷԴҲɻ
ʱǰĿտڣҹһȺ˿ųֵĹţ¶â
֮󣬾ǾŲɸһַǳĹǣΪ˶
ȥٶҵڹ
һ벽ɵ
£¡¡ģٵҹʿת۱оųɵʿ뵽ɸ֮ڣʣһǴɸ֮䱸ѲܣҲ˿
ߡ
Ҳʱ쿪ڣк׻ĹŶȥ
Ͱ׻طԭĿǽɸھɵ֮ܵĹԼɸڵʱɸںӦƵϢȵĿ굱Ǳˣ֮ѰңǰҪŪǰɸƵϢô¡
ԽɫŰ׻ٶȿ켫һɫķ磬˲ԹûɸУʹڹŸһҹʿȫûܿӰֻΪٵļȽǿˣһЩģС
ղţʲôȥˣ
һ˱Ź֣ܵˡ
жȥˣʲô
û
Ҳû
Ҳһû
ۻ˰㣿
ԱߣһЩ˿ſڵ˵
⡭ۻˣ
ѯʵԵЩɻ

йţŰ׻뵽ɸ֮ڡ
ȥɸԵ÷ǳޱ޼ʣɽһһŨ֮ҲǺۺ񣬿˵һѵб
׻Ծط̫ˣ
ʱⷽɸǲ⣬ʼһбѰеĹƵϢ˶ٺɨƬɸλá
ƵϢﴫ
к׻ܰŶԷٶȣɫ⳯ȥ
ת۶ѣ˺Զ
ҲʱǰҹʮʿһΪ׵ΪһɼǿߣŻۣע⵽졣
㣡
ɫһ
֮ǰдһ⣬Ͱ׻ӰҲɱͻĻ棬ҹȻ֪£ʱһ۾ϳ졣
ô
˺
յһɳ벽ɣȥɱͰ׻ΪӺ괫صڣһ֪ǴڽɳڣȻɱڽɣ벽ɣһţ첻ɵסضֻбնɱؼ䡣
ȴû뵽ʱͰ׻Ȼطңɸ֮ӵܣûзκεľף
ͬһʱ䣬ԵҹʿҲǶݣ¶֮ɫ
ûдߣѭƵϢƬɸλöȥ
ߵһûκζֱӶˣ̧־һƣ֮ѹ£ҪͰ׻ɱڴˡ
һɼǿߵһƣǿľˣƺҪһж
ӭһƣ׻ëĸоһƵĿֲ
Сӣٻ޵ֶΣòסϻ
׻ٵСͬһֻСèſͷϣקһͷ
ûʲôˡ
䣬ڳƬɸλøȥ
ͬһʱ䣬΢ǿ޺𶯳գֱӴԪڻʮͷɼޡ
ʮͷޣĿֲҶǻĹޣʮͷһ֣ǵȺ嫵ѹĻѹĴֵ𿪡
ǣ
˲һһʱо컽ʮͷ޵Ķֲ̲סһ
ͬһʱ䣬Աߵʮҹʿ¶֮ɫϾʮ˿ûлǰǿᣬǿҲֻǲŰ벽ɶѣʱӭʮͷɶ޵ȻѳܣֱӱѹĻʹȥ
ٻս
ЩʿȻ
𣡡
ʮͷɼ𳤿գˡ
Ԫлʮͷޣʱٶûκθı䣬һݵĻߺʮҹӣһԷŰ׻ȥ
ʱҪŪƬɸΪλƵϢûˡ
վס
ԽԼȫԼӣ̲ס
Ҳʱʮͷѹ˹񱩵˻Ϣ֮£ֱӽ˸û

ҽ̼䴫ʮͷ޵Ļ𹥻ֱӱ飬Ҳ֮ɢ
ϡ
ŻһʮҹӸһһϣɼΪȻ˲ͱĨɱˡ
졭ߣ֪ͨͨλϴˣ˽
λϴ˴ڰ벽ɾΣ֮޵УʲôֶΣɱ
˸Ѱڹ
ʮдſ־壬ɿĶߡ
Ҳʱʮͷٴηˣʮûȫѹ
֮ʮͷ޻ʮɢ»صѾԶڵԪڡ
⡭Ҳ̫˰Сӣɼ޶ٻңòУҲǿĺܰ
׻ſͷһĻ̲סӡ
Ǽսʲô

ûжԴٶ˵ʲôٶȷǳ죬һ۱ǿԶľ롣
֮󣬴Լȥʮʱ䣬ԽⷽɸڵʮɽǰһĹŵлɫǳŨɫĹŵ·Ǻڻɫеһͷֲһ㡣

طͣƵϢطŨȻǴĹŵڴ
Ǻɫŵֻͣһ˲ֳǰȥ
ƵϢӹŵڴýŵһ̽
תۣߵŵǰ
ʱŵ֮һɵĹĻԻܼ֯ĵƣ˿ȥ
ǣ
춯ݡ
ֻǶݵһײֱӸоⷽɫĻľˣΪһֽĽƣҲ޷׽֮ƿ
ҲʱһϤļŭͽӺɫŵڴƦһ㣺ѵģʲôƵطүȥүȥ@#


1629 ʯ
źɫŵڴ첻ɵݡ
ʵ̫ϤˣɲƵ
棿һ

ɫĹŵڣƦӰֵ˲ͣһ̣հհɵܲӵдһ޳ת˲ӹŵ嶯ŵԵֱĿ죺֡Сӣ㣿
죬ӼĿˣǺʧɢͻȻһ㣺ڡڼˣ
ˣ
׻Ŵ۾Źŵڵƣֿ졣
ͷӣơ
֮ǰʱ򣬸ӦɸƵϢͲ²ƿ磬ܾƬɸУʱƣǲɵЩԾ
ôȥˣ
ŵԵлɫĽƽأȽ翴ƣ־ɡ
ʵЩ죬ⷽɸòƲŸձҹѰƳɸĽƽ磬ңⷽŵԵҲнƽ磬һôȥģ
Ǽ˷ܣǲɵĥ뿪ʮ򲻾ãǿǿճϫǿеһηʮʱᵽүŷɳüȻǿճϫһУ֮󣬾͵ˡ
˵⻰죬Ӷɵ÷һҪ޵ģٶ갡үٶˣֻ󶼿@#
Щж൹ùǿճϫȻʮڵƬԶôǴǿУһﵹãֱӱһƬұôһɫŵУһٶꡣ
⿴ٲȻǱ޿ڵʱ仹ҪϺüʮꡣ
׻Ҳɵ÷°ۣŹŵеƣһʮͬı顣
죬Ҹү뿪ĥƵĽƽ̵ĺܣûɾΪƲ
ٶųĽܶΣȻѾǿһµ˽⡣
ûжȥǿߣʱƣע⵽Ϊһڽɳڡ
㱻طٶʱ䣬ﵽ˽ɲΣ
Щ졣
һﵱ뿪ʮʱΪ뿪ʮ򲻾úͱ뵽طֱڶδ£һȴﵽ˽ɲΣ
ƿľɣȻܵùٶ겻գǣȴϵĵرҩȻ㶮ġ
ԣϵĲ֮ɫŨЩ󵱼Ȼ
ҹ֪Ƭɸǵһǿ߾Ų֪౦ǸŲⷽɸڵڣɸڵ౦ȣǴⷽڡ
ƱⷽȻȴҵ౦ɵЩɵٶʱ䣬һ·޵˽ɾ
⻹ǻ

̾ˣϽҸæ
ߴ١
ûжԭضǵȥɡ
˵ţ̧֣һƽ֯
Լƿ磿а
һߣƿĶЩ졣
Ž磬оΪҲǴڽɾ磬磬ɵĲ໹ǺܴģӦûŶԡ
žͺá

˵ţƴָԾȻһеǧơ
ʱⷽԸӦƵϢΪ˵Ѿ֮ӡʱ࣬Ѿǳȶˣ£ǧӡԴȽƵǿȣٴԪڻ㹻Ķɼޣһ֮£ƿⷽ硣
ˣ
ƽ֯⣬ܿ죬ӡһǧʹùŵĻɫ統΢Ϊǧ౶
һʮͷɼޱǿʢϯʮ
⡭һĻʹƳԾСӣʲôʱƿȻٻôǿޣ
ʶѾкܳʱˣȴһֱ֪
Ժ˵˿һЩ
һߣȻ֪׼ʮͷɶ޺ɫˣҲ˲ٳԾܹٻôǿ޵£¶˷ܣº˳ȥԶ
쿴Զһʮͷɶ޵𶯳໥ںϣͬʱŻɫһ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģƬռ䶼Ϊ֮ҡƿһѷ졣
󣬿һŵΧĻɫ磬鿪
ơƿˣŵڣƼѣವĳ˳һ¥ס죬˷ܵĿЦˣٶ갡үڳˣڳˣ
ܹƵ飬ңսѣҲǺܸˣȻˣô§ţǲɵþЩ񺮣ֱһŽһ߿
ɴЦĺܡ
ϾǱںɫŵٶ꣬ٶ߳ܲ˷ܣ
쿴ƣֱƽЩ˷ܵ飬ʵ㱻ٶ꣬һЩĵرҩ⣬ûзһĹͷǳ
ͷĹûСҡͷһ˲ƺʲôһǳʯң鲼ַµƣҷֺ˺üζ򲻿˵˵ڹòɣ


1630 űаħ
ƵĻͰ׻жǻһĨâ
ƵĻھɵ֮ܵĹܾǷʯڡ
ߣȥ
Ƶ
ͬʱٵƺͰ׻໥¶Է
Ƶ´·ɫŵڡ
ɫŵУܻ谵һƵƵĴ·£һ˺ܿᵽʯǰ
ȥʯ⣬ʯŹȣܼ֯Ƶƣޱȵķ¡
ǿĽơ

ֻǿһʯϵƵӡǿԸоһַǷĽƣǳǿ󣬱ȹŵĻɫ绹Ҫ̡
ƿ𣿡
ʵ
ܣǣҪЩʱ䡣

£ƺͰ׻˿һЩ漴֮ǰƿŵֽƵķʩΪطӡǧ󣬶󻽳ʮͷɶޣʮͷ޺ںһʯϵЩƺ͵֮ϡ
ͣ
һ죬ʯϵһƵһƽһƵķ鿪
תۣƵȫ顣
󣬿촫ǰʯֱķѣȻ̮ɳ
ƿˣ
Ƶۡ
Ȼղž˵˿ƿʯţʱۿ콫ʯϵƵ𣬶ʹʯű̮̲סԾ
ԾˣȥȣĹǲ棡
׻ߴٵ˫ĿŹ⡣
ͷʮͷջԪڣ󣬴ƺͰ׻ֱӿʯڡ
ʯҷǳҷǳտһʼһ룬ֱӿʯĴһ̨ϱ鲼ָĵƣɢһѪâ·Ѫӡɡ
ڵ̨Ĵһڱ鲼ӡ׶ƯڿУ̨ϵһѪƻƣһ붯ݡ
ʱ򣬽Ŀڹ׶ǽԸоڵͷڲƺҪʳȥ
⡭ھɵ֮ܵĹ񡭡Щ°
Ƶۡ
ܡֲܿ
׻˿Һ
Ҳľȴûж˵ʲô
Ŀڹ׶ͬʱҲϸ׶ĵ̨ܱߵѪơ
ǣĳֹϵķӡ
ӡȸȻܸӦЩѪƽ֯о˵ķӡ֮ܣһ𣬹һ̵ķӡ
ӦΪ˷ֹ׶ȡߡ
Ƶ
ûлӦЩƣǰһ󣬺̨һһ߿ʬ泯ű鲼ѪƵĵ̨ΪΣĳЩλȴҲ߱һЩ̬ܿ˫ʮָѿһѪڿʬԱߣδɽᡣ
ǣŵˣŲ
׻ȻҲǿ߿ʬôµ
Ӧǡ
ͷ
ʬһЩ̬ҾڵⷽʯʬȻǾŲˡ
ƴչžŲ߿ʬŶԷѿʮָŵϵһλδѪһǰʮָѪʲô
쿴žŲĿʬٿ̨ϵЩƣ˶٣ȥƺԼľѪԼӡ˵̨ϵЩѪƣңȫѪ
ɶ
ԣ׻ƶһ
ԼȫѪϣӡЩѪƣⲻǣԼɵڷӡƵۣΪ˲Լ׶ȡߣ֮ӡЩ˰ɣ˵ⲻɣ
⡭ȷʵЩ׻ҲЩŹ֣ŵ̨Ʈŵ׶˻һڹű£Ϊ˷ֹڹȡߣԼ֮ӡôҲ˵ȥѵͻȻԼеڹűǼ򵥵ıһͷħΪ˷ֹ£֮ӡط
ԭҲԴ˺ɻ󣬵Ű׻һ仰ȴǲɵõݡ
ּȥŵĵŲȷԼȫѪӡ׶ֻǲԼ׶ȡߣȷʵЩŹֲǣͬ׻һ˵ǰ㣬׶һͷܻµħԷڷ׶ĿΪ˷ֹΪ¶֮ӡܹ͵ͨˡ
ߣ
ʱͻȻ䣬һϵǳƮⷽʯ֮ڣȻǴӾŲʬԵǵξѪڴôһ۴ʼδɽľѪ˲̣ңŲʬҲǿķ飬һѻɳ
졢ƺͰ׻ǲɵͷƤһ
ղţ˵˵ˣ
Ƶۡ
Ҳľ漴һһΪ֮һ
ϡ䣬̨ϱѪƵ׶ƺһ£·һаħҪѡڣһĪĸо·׶һ˫ε˿Ŀǡ
ߣ뿪
԰׻ƵһһԷӦʱ䣬ֱӵĽɫһһɿĳⷽŵȥת۱ǳŵ
ƺͰ׻ΪͻأĶɣƵСӣͻȻ
䣡
һ˵ϢԺɫŵڳ仰
У·һаħ˹Ҫ


1631 ٻϻ
˵Ϣ𣬺󷽣ɫŵϢ
⡭ʲôˣ
ƺͰ׻ǲһ
ȻҲļ£ԽɫƺͰ׻ԸٶԶ롣
䣡
ŵУϢŨɫŵҲһ̣ŵֱķѣһڹתۼɸĲ֮ۡ
һ׶߶ȴԼңͨ鲼Ĺƣ
ϲ񷣬һ̷·һڹ㡣
׶ԡԼܳˣ
Ƶۡ
׻ɵö£үôоЩ飿
쳯Ųϵ׶ȥӵľ׶һаħ˼ٶȣƺͰ׻Զ뿪Ƭ
׶ϣž˵ڹ⣬һʱ䣬ƬɸΪ֮еһʿȫΪһĻ
漴һ̣ವƿһӰط˹
ڹҵˣ
죡ȡ
Щʿȫҹǿߣʱ嵽Ųϵ׶Ϊ֮ϲһ۾ϳ׶ʷϺպھɵ֮ܵĹ
ವģתۼѣʮҹʿ嵽ϣ볯׶ץȥ
ȻҲʱʮ˵Ĵֿ׶˲䣬Ƕҽ
ǵۿɼٶȱøɱȥ͵ȫ顣
һĻ˽Ծ
ǵһķѪ⾫Ԫƺȫ׶ɵˣ
ǡ
ԶƺͰ׻Դ󾪡
ȻҲǷһ㣬׶Ϸ·γһֻҪ鿿ǻڵһʱ佫ͷȫɣ̶Ѫ⾫Ҳһȥ
һ̰ĵа
ͫ΢
ҹƬɸһʿȻҲһԼһȥʮǿǱɵоԪһһȴûӾ壬м벽ɼǿ߷¶貾âֱֱĶ׶
ڹûˣ벻ûƿأȻҲȻܲǽ֮ȡԣĴ£
һһ벽ɵ
䣬ҹİ벽ɵڿնǿӿץ׶
Ҳʱ׶ҫ۵ڹ⣬Ƭɸһ˲䱻ڹ϶ȥҹ벽ɵҽУ֮ͬǰʮͨһ㣬һɣһѪ⾫Ҳţȫ׶˹ȥ
ϴˣ
ҹУʿ󾪡
һһ벽ɣ֮ͬǰʮͨһ㣬ֻǿǿ׶ͱһѪ
׶𶯣Ĺ죬ɸ
һ̣ⷽɸڣʿһʱȻûпϵڹ׶һȴҲǿʼɿţƲˡ
Զ졢ƺͰ׻ȻҲһľţǿ죬Ҳ޷ƣ޷ơ
治ǸŲǷа죬һ֮ӡ
׻ĥ
ߣ뿪

ǾŲΪ׶Ǹ֮ӡѾˣǵȷӡȻ׶̫ãʱΣѾﵽ˼ޣʹǿ׶һƷ;Ѫ
кƺͰ׻һٶȣŽⷽɸʱǹųȥ
ʱ׶ⷽɸ;Ԫǵֵˣһֱջֱӱ׶ɣˣȻҪ뿪
ٶȺܿ죬·֮ܿǰⷽɸʱǵŴǣطǵȴѾˣֻһƬƮпУ׷ɢ
ǵţˣ
׻󾪡
쿴ϵ׶һ¾Ͳµˣŵ飬Ȼ׶йءϾǹҲɣ׶һܾԪ̺ضǱ˸ɾ鿪
ˣ
â˸ϣ׶ٴζ˵âⷽɸ
һʱ䣬ֻо;Ԫٶ˲ȸղſ򱶣ɫ䡣еİ׻ΪΪڵۿվ;ԪٶȱǸ죬ϢɲǼǱ˥
ȻǷ˰׻״һʱǿʢܣ׻Уʹð׻״˲١ң֮ӡҲ׻һ֣ȸӻ;Ԫٶȡ
ֻǣҲֻӻٶȶѣǵԪԴԴϵı׶ſռɡ
ͬʱⷽɸڣһֵĲҽҹеһʿȺвΪ˱̵һԪһѶѻɳ
ü֮ߣ
ҹеǿ߲٣벽ɾоˣ֮ǰһˣҲаˡʱ˿ڣеҹʿͬʩһ̣ƮΪһž޴ƺƵĳŲϵ׶ӭȥ
ܾˣȻ׶Ӳ򵥣תۼ顣

ҽл죬УкüҹӵܱѪš
졢׻ƾڼԶһʯӡʹü׻ƵԪٶӻȴ޷𵽱ϵáңʱƣ׶ɢĹâԽıǿңǵ;Ԫǿʼţӡȸˡ
ˣôȥ׵Ҫ갡
ƿɥ
ɫأ׶̫ˣǵԪǵ޷ֵסʱȥԻ
Դ˵ǲδ¶һ˿һĻңϾϻ޿Ǹϻڣ浽˼ΣĹͷ֮飬ֱӾܽϻ󣬱ضԽǰΣ֡Ϊ֮ǰ¿Ǹ߹ǸϻΪ۷壬һ۷弶ۣûʲô첻¡
ˣ
ϣ׶ɢڹøӳңϢøŨ
ڣһ˿˿Ϣ֯ź˵Ļܲ
ָоͷ·һаħ׶ѹһ㡣
ʱ䣬׶;Ԫٶȣֱӱ֮ǰֿǧ̼֮࣬ʹƬɸڵʮҹʿٻҡ
졢ƺͰ׻һڵ;Ԫһޱȿֲٶȿʼʧ·ֻҪʮǾͽɳ˸ɻʬ
ü˶٣ֱӸϻ֮ǰ
ȾѾΣյ˼㣬ȫûа취ֵôȥܿͻȫֻǸϻæˡ
ͣ
һ죬΢һֱӽе顣


1632 а棬а׶
е飬ֱӱһͷһռŻ漴һ̣һͷ֣쵱޿ʶϻ죬ӿռŻпһŲԴϡ
Сӣ˼ˣܿɣ
ϻԴ¿
ֱһѽϻͷק϶ŵģĲУϼһȻŵѡԴϣǹģ
ϻĴЦһļ򣺡ҪЩСϸ
ҧ޿ڣϼһÿÿǻһһȭĳ嶯
ԱߣƺͰ׻ͻȻֵϻ죬ֿ죬ɵõۡ
Сӣ㲻ٻսٻս׻죬֪ϻٻĿϻϣ˫Ŀɵţѵǡ˳裿㾹ĶȤζ
˭ô˳衣
ķ
ϻֱһڰ׻ԴϣСʲô˳裿᲻˵ҪҪ˼ҽ̽ôޣ
׻ֱ۵죬˫צűĵԴûеʹιȥ
ϻ˰׻һƺ󣬿˵Сӣʲô鷳Ͻģ˼ڳϡ˵ţϻݣ̧ͷŲϿȥĿֱڱ鲼Ƶ׶֮ϣ漴˫۵΢а϶а׶𣿡
ʶЩ⣬ҡͷˣȲٵǵ;ԪԴԴϵıɣֵˣȽ⣬ٵ
ʱڵ;Ԫŵĸˣɫò԰
ͬһʱ䣬ƺͰ׻ȻҲǺܲã״ҪЩ
ղΪϻĳ֣һ޵ľݱϻ˹ȥʱӦʱñϻǰܣһ̾Ҫɱ˰㡣
ϻ쿴Ųϵ׶ڻһƬ񻪣졢ƺͰ׻֣ʹһ޶ٸͨһɣڵ;Ԫ˲ͣ
ûмˣ
ƺͰ׻־ϲ
ϼһͦ

ʹ֪ϻһ۷ۣǿ󣬵ʱŶԷ׶Ŀɲɵ֮ɻǲɵЩ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ϣǷ׶£ֱһӿâط
â˵ĺܣ̵֮յǱֱƬ
ϻ΢΢ۣ˫Ŀâ׶ƶâ˲Ϣ顣
аȥô꣬ȻڸĵĹˣ
ϻ쿴Ųϵ׶һֱĵʵ
춯ݣ֮ǰϻ׶ǡаа׶ʱϻֳŲϵ׶ıĿڣǳ׵Ŀ˳ϼһԲϵ׶ǳϤ
ϻ챾۷弶ۣһ۷ϤĹôѰ
ͻȻã׶Щˡ
а棿а׶ʲô˵ʲôĹ⾿ô£
ϻ졣
ԱߣƺͰ׻Ҳϻ죬ϻǰļ仰Ǻɻ
ͬʱƬɸУҹһЩǿ߷죬¶֮ɫ֮ǰɺص⣬Ƭɸҹǿ߼֪죬֪ɱһļӵܣȻ
ȻǶȥ룬һһʼҪɱ죬ֻǻ
С
а벽ɺɱ˿Ҳڡ
෢ҹʿҲǴɱ⡣
ֻǣʱЩȴǶûж󲿷˶ƴֵԲϵ׶;ԪĹûϾȥ졣
ӴСӣЩ˶㣬ʲô캦ˣ˵
ϻĵȻǲҹЩ˶ɱ⣬һΪȤģ
ɨҹЩʿһۣ˿Ҳ⣬Щˣв
ǣ˵˵׶¡
бϻ
ϻŶ׶۵а׶Ĺǰаıа׶ӹƻ˵ʥʹãʹõĹУ׶ʶİȡ;ԪΪܴ䡣ڣ󣬹ȥһʱ׶κʹߵܷҲᱻȫɵֱӱĿܡ
ϻŵ֮ǰʹ߱;ԪΪܣ׶ֱһѰʥʹãɱ˵;ԪֱܣԴѭˣаŲԴԴϵĵõӴ֮ãڣܵõսܣһ


1633 קƨ
ϻĻ쵱ݡ
ԱߣƺͰ׻ҲΪ֮һ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ƶۡ
ǸŲӡǲǸ
׻
ϻ죺Ǹа棬ʲôεǿߣ˶٣ֵ̫ϡڤתʥȣΣ
ϻ۾۷壬ܹõϻȻ֪̫ϡڤתʥˡ
ӴСӣĵǲ̫ϡڤתʥǼ϶֪ϻЩ⣬Ųϵǿ׶ˣͬһΡ
ԱߣƺͰ׻˵ĻɵöǶݣ̫ϣǴڵģ
ڤתʥǲ֪ԡ̫ϡȴ֪һЩ˵У̫ϿĳʱڵߡһֱΪ鹹ģǲڵģʱ򣬴ϻĶԻ̫ǵʵŵģңƺ
ͷڵġ
˵⻰Ųϵǿа׶Ҳǲɵ¶һƾâ׶а棬Ǻ̫ϡڤתʥͬһεĴڣȻ۾ǿˡ
ϻ쿴а׶˫ۣײˣ˵ţգа׶ȥаȻо˼ҵϢ˹ڱǰ㲻˵仰а׶ȥԵʮ⡣
а׶ϱ鲼ӡһֱ̣ױȵڹ⣬ɸɵһĮдåȻܴ
һʹƬɸһʿɫ
⣬ǣ
ҹһʿ𾪣ʷϺպĹʱﾹȻ֪ڹڿɲûбڰ
ԶƺͰ׻ҲǳԾ
쵹Ǳ糣ʱܹĵа׶ڣһϻᵽǸаµһʶڡ
ϻ֮ǰĻаµʶƽʱƺǴڳУʱΪϻʹа׶ڵаʶӦϻϢѹ
ͬʱҲ뵽һ棬ľŲ֮ܽۼаĹɹӡҲΪаеʶƽʱѣҶа׶˼ƣĻǸŲܷӡڹ
ϣа׶֯ڹ⣬嫣䡣
Ƭ̺һӰа׶۶ʮģֻһ˫ӿԿü
ӰԻ̼䣬һɺϢӿƬضƺҪ̮˰㣬ⷽɸǺݺһ
⣬⡭
ҹһʿ𺧣ʷĹűʱﾹȻôһӰԻ
ңӰɢϢ̫ˣҹʿ㤣ȻǼ벽Ҳ־壬ֻоǵӰһ֮ء
ԶҲһа׶۶ĻӰϢ̫ڿ¡
ǣǸаа׶ڵһʶʱ۳ʶ

а滯а׶ԻƬɸñƺҪ⡣
һʶѣһͷ֮קƨ
ϻֱ̧֣һƳа滯ȥ
͵һа潻֯Ϣ̼𣬻а׶ֱӱķɡ
һĻʹƺͰ׻Եۡ
ϼһôǿ
һһľ
а滯۶ɢϢǹƾһҲһܹסϻֱӵĶ֣Ȼ˲佫а滯ɢϢȫ𣬽а滯ķ˳ȥʵЩˡ
Сӣ㾹Ȼʶôֲ
Ƶۡ
żȻʶ

ʱƬɸڣҲΨƽΪʹ֪ϻΪǿһ۷ۣңаȻҲ۾ĴڣģȴֻһʶѣȻܵסϻ졣
״̬ȫͬһϡ
һߣҹһʿ
а׶۶ĻӰĿ£ǶܸӦĵĨɱϻô򵥵һƣȴֱӽа׶۶ĻӰа׶һķ˳ȥǺεȲεʵҲǾϰ
ˡ
Щ˿Ųϵϻ죬ֿһߵ죬̲סԷ
ǿǶпϻ֮ǰǺվһģ߼Ȼĳֲ׵ĹϵǣվһҪǿĴڡ֮ǰȻһֱҪɱ죡
ⲻڼһҪǿĿֲ𣿣
һ㣬Щ˲ɵöĸһֱԼð˳


1634 
ҹһʿŲϵϻ죬ʱ򶼲ɵøоһ㤡󣬾Ȼһôµ
һλϣ졢ƺͰ׻ҲǿŲϵϻ졣
ϻվڲ񷶥ˣԵʮ⡣
¡¡ģԶڹ˸а滯а׶̤ϲ񷣬ĮڱϻһķɣһҲû¶ŭı顣ΪԼ״̬ϻ״̬ͬһϣֻһʶѣϻȴ״̬ϻһķɣ޿κε¡
ӴʶͦȻûеһʱٵϻĵ˵˵ţʲôǴЦŶˣ˼ˣ㡢̫ϡڤתʥǼϼһΪǣʮǧɱͼɱһָУаನֻһǵù͸ڳ˯ɣ˺û
ϻȻԶ쵱ݡ
а桢̫Ϻڤˣòƶ۷ĴڣôǿߺʮǧɱУȻһָ͵ɱҽֻನажֲѵ۾ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ϻĻ֮۵а棬ӱޱȱ䣬ٲȻǱ˰̣һɸӺ˵ϢƵ̹ǣϢӿ
һ죬
а溮
仰طĲ񷶼ðһ罻֯
ɢƣ˵㡣
Ƭأƺһ̾Ҫսᡣ
ϻһıģɣ㣬ˣǸʱ˼ǸӦԼС鷳ͻȻ뿪ʮǧɱǼΪǵϼһһƾͻᱻȫֵõȥˣôһδѵȻֺݻҲӶˡ
а滯ӱøӵı䣬ɱǿҵ£ȴûٶ˵ʲô
ôˣ˼˵ˣϻĵ˶ٺֿڣ˵治
аһƬ䣬ھĺڶһ㣬Ķϻ졣
գȡͷ­
ĵ
ͬϻ˵ǰ㣬ⴴ̫һֱڳ˯ˣȬúķѺܳһʱ䡣ˣʱȻ
ϻƲ죬ٶ˵ʲôһѹ£ֱӽа滯а׶һ𸲸ǣһƵâ˸
аûܣҲûеֵӭϻһ¡
Ϊֻһʶƿа׶ѣܵס۷ϻ죬ܺ͵ֵı䲻˻Ľֻ֣ԼԵúѿѡ
ͣ
ϻĴѹ£һ˿죬һʱǽаʶ顣
漴ּ佻֯âа׶Ҳֱӱ顣
ʱƬɸڵıϢһ¾ʧӰ٣ٴαº
⣬⡭
ҹеһʿʱǾǾϲ㤵ϻ̫ǿˣǰµаӰа׶Ȼһƾ͸ˡϲǣа׶;ԪΣʱֱʧˡ
ȾϲȴҲǲûгãֻһ˲ʧӰ١
ʱһʿϻ죬ֿԶ죬ֱһӿ־֮ǰһɱ죬ϻȻŲ׵ĹϵϻĨɱǣϻһܾǰֲϻ죬Щܵסգۼͻȫڣǵļ嶼пѡ
һʱ䣬һҹʿ̲סɫʱԱһƬ԰ס
ۣ֮ϻ֣粽£»صԣ¡
ƺͰ׻ϻ죬һɫ
ϼҡޣǰ̫ˣ
׻۵
ǰµаа׶Ȼһƾͱϻȫ飬Ŀ𾪡
Դ˵Ǻƽ֪ϻΪ磬Ľ֣һʼѾϵˣǶа׶ϻٵԵЩԣǿа׶۷״̬ǵɣû»Ĩӡǣð
ϻб죺һڵ𣬻˾ͻˣ۵ûϢҪ֪ǿǿʲôģǸѣ˼ҾʹӲ˵ţֵʲô²˼æųѣûʲô£˼ˣ֮󻹵óϡ
䣡
ͻȻƬش𶯣ֱӴϻĻ
嫵Ĳһ˲ϢһƬ󸡳һ޴ɫС
һߴӰп޾Ļ⣬Ψһ˫ӿԿüʼһ֣ĿϻϣĮå


1635 Ԫ
ߴӰӲϵĺɫпӱĶϻ졣
ǳһͼĲˣȻ׷ɱ
ϻ쿴ŲϵĸߴӰ
⻰쵱ݡ
ǵãϻ֮ǰᵽڳѣߴӰ絽ͨĻ⣬ݣֱӱǲԶˣϻеĻ
ǣһۣ
ңȥȫʶƺ
ϣϻ죬ɱ˿ҲڣһѹӿΪ֮ɫƬɸطһıѣϢˡ
⣬Ϣ
һ񡭡ۣ
ҹƬɸڵʿŲ񷶥˵Ļһ̾ԺȻ
طȻһ˵еۣ
ԶƺͰ׻ȻҲǳԾԵۡ
񡭡ۣ
𺧡
ۣǿ֪·ǿĴˣ
ʱ򣬸ӦŻɢѹһһֻоͨ巢
ԱߣȻҲļ¡
ϾѹʵЩˣһ̶΢
ˣ
ͻȻʶУԪɢһƵɫâ΢һӱƽһ̣öƴСɫʶз˳ȥɢŨɫâǻһɫ̫һ㣬һɺƥϢ֯ϣǿԽ綼ȥ
ʹ쵱һԱߵƺͰ׻һĻҲǲɵöݡ
Сӣǣ
ƺͰ׻ľ
һ̣һһǸоԪɢϢǿᣬǳĿֲ
ͬʱ񷶥˵ϻͻҲǲĿ볯߿˹
Ԫ
ϻ΢
ӱ䣺ԪʣȻû͸
ôֵ̼䣬һɸ˵Ϣڵһ˹ˣ֯ɱֱ֮ӳԪȥңನܻһͬˮư˷
ɱĹٶȿ켫գۻǰ
ˣ
ԪâʢеϢӿɱ顣
졢ƺͰ׻˶ܵһ˿ǺݺһǳѺֻۣһͱ
ͬʱֵನƬɸУҹеһʿ˴ѣһȫ˶ը飬ûһ⣬ȫ
ˣ
ԪƴСһ̣ɢҫ۵ĹâϢøӾˡ
ϻ쿴죬дŲ죺ԪϼһıԴȻСϣ֮ǰȻȫûио
쿴ŴڻԪϻĻʱɵľԪԪȻһۣöԪԪʵıԴ
⡭
˸
Ȼͷöǳȴû뵽ôȻһ۵ıԴ
ԱߣƺͰ׻ԪҲǴ󾪣ǣһ۵ıԴ
ߣ
𣬲񷶥ˣĮ飬ʱֱּ̧֣佻֯⣬ֱԪץȥҽһס
ϻֱ̧֣һƳŻ̽ĴȥƼ佻֯ŵܣƺҪѹ飺Ǽ϶ҪôǳԪĹؼʱ̰ϮҪôǺϻƣ˼ҽ޿򣬼ֱǱ˼һҪ˵ϲǲǶԼ̫һս򲻹ǣ
ͬʱԪŸ˵ԣһâֱŻȥ
䣡
ײƵ⣬Ƭɸ顣
ƻ⣬ֱ𿪣ȴǺδĮ
նǡ
䣬ⷭӿϢƬһ糯ŻݻӿĻأѹ
졢ƺͰ׻ǺݺһϢȼʿԣʵֲ̫ˡһ̣ǽһһ˲Ҫĸо
ϻһ˦һƬƬԽ֯ĻϢȫ£ʱʹ졢ƺͰ׻ǸоͨһɣǹɽҪĸо˲Ϣʧ
Сӣ뿪һսǡϻһӿ˰ͬʱһֽԪ˹ȥԪϼһﻹһƻǴԪڣö˼ȡˣðϼһع顣
߰ɡ
䣬ϻٴλ֣԰졢ƺͰ׻˲ʧԭء
ڲ񷶥ˣĮĿ˱ϻת뿪
Ϊϵһ۴ڣɺ͵ۿʿ벻ۡ
¡¡ģһɸֲѹڻⷭӿ޾Ļ罣Ҫض顣
ԪʽұһƲл꣬յ㣬Ҳһ֮ɡ
䡣
ϻƲ죺С˵󻰣һ˾ɱ˼ңΡ
䣬۷弶Ϣɣ̼Ͻ֯һ嫵ǿ磬ֱŻѹȥ

ʱ֮ڣҰһƬڰ󣬽ֻƬ̼ѣǰй֣һɴӿֱ֣Ӵڵи˳ȥ
ȥһƬɽȺǳŨʱʱ޺
תˣ뿪֮ǰƬɸˣ׻𣬴ܣ󳤳˿뿪˾ͺã뿪˾ͺã@#żۣˣ
ҲЩļ£֮ǰӭŻɢĿϢʵľʱϻ˦ǷڣԶǸطҲ˿
Сӣ㾹Ȼʶ˵еۼڣУƮöɫȻһ۵ıԴ⡭ͺü۶йϵӣ
죬һľɫ
䣡
˵ĺޱңԶλô綼Ϊ֮ҡһĩյڷƬ磬·һ̾Ҫķѣؼʧ
쳯źķȥǿĳλ֮ǰɸ֮أʱϻȻںͻսˡ
ۼ棿طҲܸоĻϢ׶ڻζǡ׻ļ£Ը⣬ֱӽϡ
ɡ£
ƵĶһ¡
춨ĿǸ˵ĺ𣬻Ϣϴҡĸ
֮󣬴ԼʮȥǸطĺʧˣҲҡ
뿪ˡ

ۼ治ôͽû˺ٴֻϻͻ뿪磬սط
ҲϻİȫϾȻϻûʲôԸ޿ʵ;Ժǿһвϻ졣
뵽һ⣺Ԫϼһˡ
ԪܹʱƿغʹõǿֶΣܻսĽΪԪڣϰ벽ɣҲ˿üɵϻԪνʧȥһǿս
ڴˣȴƺۣΪĳϻԪԪʵǾʶˣϻԪҪԪʻع飬ԪȥңԪǰüδæܹϻ»ع飬Ҳڿ
˵ǽȥģʲô
׻żԶĺʧҲǲµĵϻͻսƬ磬ʱƫͷ


1636 
Ű׻Ļ˶٣ȰΪȻȥ򡣡
С̫֮ǰԭǴѰ׻ֱȥǣȴ룬ΪһЩ硣ѰƣҲһҵ£ΪǸʱΪƬ磬ƽΣգҪôΪҹѣҪôΪɫŵڵа׶ѡ
ΪҹǷɸѰа׶ҵа׶ڵĹŵֻʱ⣬ҲƿɫŵĽƣһֻҪ֮˾ƬڣնɱˣڷɸڵĺɫŵеƺƿɫŵĽƺ󣬾Իɱ֡а׶ƷҲѣϾǿа׶̫ڿ£ʱǻϻ죬ҲΪа׶
һЩĵر׻һΪ׼ֱǰȥ
ȥ򣿡
׻۵
СӣܴƬ磬ֱӴﵽ˵е򣿣
Ҳ졣
ԡ
ͷ
ڣǾ磬Ŀռݷǳ̣˶٣Ҫ翪ٿռҲɼΪԣΪһġڵɵл˺޾֮Ⱥ嫵֮Ϊһͨ·ǿǿġ
£ⷽɽȺѰһε㣬´Ƭķ󣬶ȡһѵĵرǳʯȽ׻
Щﵽ㾳ЩʱΣĵر
԰׻
ǰϵĵر٣ð׻ﵽɾ硣׻ϾŵۿվһԴﵽɵĻ̫Ѹ٣Եãԣ׼ð׻ﵽ㲻𾳽磬󳹵ȹһĵرɡ
֮Ϊ׻׻ǿʼһĵر
ˣһۣһʱȥ
䣡
һ죬طһǿʢŨһɹ糯ϯȥ
׻ĵرȥһʱ䣬һմﵽ㾳
㾳Σˡоǲһ
׻˫ۺ
㾳·ϵһˮ룬һ㣬Ϳͬ٣ʱﵽڣ׻ԵЩ˷ܣֱȥʮƽ
ڣ򣿡
ʱ

ͷ
뿪׻㾳طŰ׻һƬȽϿտĵط˿ԶһЩֱӽɵڻ
ˣ
һ֮ɵӿããһƬԴһ㡣
ԽԽ࣬ԽԽŨҪƬռֱû
׻ݣǴ֮ǿд俪ͨ·
ɵӿȴ׹âΪ֮ȻһЩͿһ𴫵ûٽӴ
ôࣿ
ҲǳԾ֪ʮʱ
ͷϾССҶͯŬ
˵ţ֮ԴԴϵĴɵӿתۼط۳һĺ
н֯â΢Ⱥ嫵ѹ۵ȭȭˡ
ʮȭͷɢ貵Ĵɫâûпֲѹͺ˵ĲֻһĴԼһޱߵĺ嫡
˫ۣɵӿӦλãκ˫ֱۣһȭŲ֮Ϻȥ
䣡
һȻ죬ֱƿһ޴ĿռޱȾ˵ɵԿռ󴫳ƬɵϢҪǿʮ֮ࡣ
ƺͰ׻оɵϢһǺ棬Ǵ˵е򣿡
ͷɵ𣺡ߣ
䣬ԽɫŰ׻ƣֱӿϵĿռ֮ڡ
һ˲䣬ƺͰ׻ʧƬС
漴һ̣ϵĿռֱա
һޣĺڰû֮Ҳ֪˶ãǰй֣һɴһ˳ȥ
ȥӿռпʱһ֮ϣк˵ĺڷдž˵ʪͬʱҲ쳣ŨԶһЩλÿȥԿһ죬һΡɽ
򣿡
׻ƴܡ
ǡ

еϢвͬǵһʱֵλãȻ֮ǰûȴڵһʱԿ϶ط
ңڸӦ󣬲Ǻƥ֮鿪ռڼûκⷢ߹ռֵλãȻ㲻طֻ
޾λã

ٹż򲻽ĴݣͻĮʱǳ򣬷ȥķǿͷĺһ޴ĵ죬ˣӦþ޾ˡ
䣡
ͻȻԶһϴǿʢо˵ɵ֯
쵱ݣŲԶǷ쿴ȥ
ǡ
ǷϵıԵλãʮڷӿУоһ˿ϤϢ
ƿ飬ҲԶǷ죺ôСӣоʲô
н֯âһĨ⣬һ޾ԶǷ졣
ƺͰ׻ЩͲ⣬¸ȥ
һٶȺܿ죬ΪףܿǷıԵλá
ȥԵʮӽһŮΧм䣬Դ۷塣
СѾͷԹԵĽɲݽǿԷһ·Ļɲ䵽УԼҲᡭ٣
һಲЦһĨа֮⡣
ʮӣҲǴЦʱŮĿǺܳ㡣
ŮƯһȹͤͤһ㽣ɫԵЩ԰ףѾ˺صˣϴвѪҧʮӣ룡
ԶԶĿȹŮѾֱô꣬ŮѾӵʮСŮһͤͤŮһ۾˳ããбɵĴʼʼֱϵˡ
бɣһɳΪѣԷҪɱʱ˹ƶѡǵõʱʮάģ˺ŭΪбɵĻɱ󶼿ˣȶֵĽɳϺǸֵǸɳһٺ»ŵԴ
ƲԳԷƣ٣֮ɾͲҪˣಲеа֮øŨôˮŮӣζһܲȡɲݺҵȿɾַˣ٣ʱСѾͷҲζһ̡
ﬣ
˵Ļ
춯ˣһɫâնٶȿ磬ɲǼüĴ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬˵˲䱻һķ飬ͬҲһɢ
һĻʱʮӺȹŮɫ
˭
ʮӾŭ볯Žɫâնķȥ
ȹŮҲƫͷɫâնķ򣬶ǿ죬һ㶣漴¶ɫϲɫ磡


1637 ҩ
ȹŮȷʵǵãʱ꣬Ѿǳˣսʮ㣬ʱطͻȻ죬ԵǾǾϲ
һ˲Ϳ絽ǰ
Сӣʲôˣ
ܣʮɭĶ죬еһˣ˲䱻նˡ
쵭ĮɨʮˣһӣƬĽâԻնʮˡ
Щ˲õĶͼãȻ档
һʱ䣬Ͻ쳹ķٶȿ켫գ䵽ʮ˽ǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһըʮ˲ֻɼʵԽɼΪնɱʮȻûпأֻתۼͱâն

Աߣÿ죬˫Ŀ⣬ǳԾΪʮ˵ΪɶǴ۷壬ֻһӣȻͽʮ˸նսʵǿᡣ
ȳԾҲֻһ˲ѣϾǰͿնɱڵˣȥһ˲Ĩɱʮ۷ɣʵں
ҲʱĿϡ
˰ãƯˡ
Ц
ʲôбƯ˼ǰͺƯþԭˣʱ죬ȴǺܸˣֱʹû̫ˣ̩ŵط䣬̩ݶܵ˲ö˶ˣһֱܵš˵ţֵˣأ
ǰǸʱ졢ˮˮС̫һģʱ죬ȴûмˮˮС̫ȻǲɵЩɻ
ģǶû£ֻΪһЩԭҺǷɢˡЩůСѾͷЩȻһֱڵǡ˵ţ̧֣һƽɫӿãɿˣͬʱõô
Ұ̩ŵصһô˵еļ֣̩ݣ󲿷˶˽룬Ҳʱȥˣֲ֪ôĪаȻ˳ǣŵλȴ̩ݣǳƬҺ򡣡˵ţЩƣҶٶˡ
Զݣ֣Ȼ̩ݶܵ˲Ҳ뵽У⻹Щ졣
ΪαкĪİȻҳƬҺһǺΪȼǿ߽뼫еһЩ˳ȥƳȥĹУȻܱ֤Իص֮ǰλϣƫ
û¾ͺá
Ц
ɫãڼд̫ܿʹȬϵѪҲԽɫĨȥ
ವʱ򣬰׻˹
С㣬ããʵΪԵ֣ǿЯֳ⺣򣬾Իһ;
ƯĹһ飿ʵ¶Թһˣ֪пУЩʱ򣬿һ£롣
һһ˿Ưã˫ĿֱŹ⡣
̧ȣһһȫ߷ɡ
໣
Сӣү
׻ƵĺдӲԶ
ÿ۱߷ɳȥİ׻ƣ΢ЩգƺʲôøϽݲݴȥУ£иһâƵĴݣͣƬҺʶһѣ֮ǰΪ˵ˣ˵ݲܹõˣ֮ǰѰң˵ҵһꡣ
ȻǵݲݣȷʵǿˣһһЩǷЧֵǺܲɴˣҲµ֮ǰʮҪϵݲݣ˶ٵǾ͸Ͻɵ͵λߡ
ţõͷһİɣ
죬һڴ
ȻЦ֮ҪȥѰС̫ǣһԸ⣬Ҳһ𡣡
ţ
úܸˡ
߰ɣȥ

£뿪طǰ·Ƭȥ
ವ׻ƿ˻
ǰ׻ơ
Ϊü򵥵Ľ°׻ƣͬʱҲΪ׻ƽá
һٶȺܿ죬úǿ˺Զľ롣
졢ƺͰ׻˳Ⱥʿ࣬ҲޣΪ඼Ǻǿ۷Ƭ֮䣬ҲڳźײȥƺѰʲô
ƬҺʿǹġ
ƹ档
øղŵĻǶѾ֪طĻҺ򣬷ǳޱɼǿҪɳƬķΧҲúķٰꡣ
ýͣƬҺǳʺԭеʿͺܶ࣬ǰЩӣƬҺ򱻷һҩǣʿ۵ɰϵ˺üˣѰҩ
˵ţŵУˮ񹬵һЩǿҲˮ񹬾ַλƬҺһһЩǿƺЩʲôԼһǿˮûг䣬ҳƬҺڵˮ񹬾ַڵˮŵ񣬽֮ѰˮתԣƬҺ۵ʿǰδеĶࡣ
ҩɰˮ񹬣
һ¡
ɶ
׻Ҳɻ
Ȼһһᵽĵҩɰˮ񹬶ǲ˽⡣
Ƕݣиһƾâ
ʱٹżڵҩɰˮ񹬶֪һЩ
ҩͬؼˣݿɿ˵κһʿõһҩδ۾Ρ
ɰϻԼΪĵͬδܹһٸǧڣΪǾɲΣÿ˶кСɱеǿǳ
ˮ񹬣ϵĴ֮һԹֻŮӣʼųˮ˫Ŀˮѹ򣬰˷ɵֻǣԻĹʱˮɣˮ񹬽û䣬ȻҲǺǿĴУ͵ѹȣȴѾ̫Զ̫Զֻǵε
ߣư׻¡
£ƺͰ׻ǲɵõۡ
ˮ񹬺ͰɰһһʱǺ⣬ǵҩȴ𾪡
κѰδ۲Σٷ֮ٿԳɾ۾
˿Һ
˵
ͷ
⡭
Ƹ𺳣˫۷
ͬʱ׻Ҳ˫ĿŹ⡣
ҩֻҪѰͿɰٷ֮ٳɾ۵ȼֱֵЩˣ
˷ҩƬҺֱⰡ׻קצӣСӣˣһýҩѰȡ֣
ͬϣ
Ƹ͡
û˵ʲôԣȻҲѰҩ֮ȡС
ʵϣҪѰҩ򵥣


ʮ 


1638 ߲
ڵҩ첢ûйȥ룬ʱóżȶķȥ
֮󣬴Լȥʱʱ䣬һ⺣һϡ
ƬҺڵԣҪСϲ٣һ˽죬õĴ·£ܿϵһϿС
ϿʮΣұһЩϢ˽棬ܿϿڵһɽߴ
㣬һˣ
óɽڽе˽ɽ֮С
ɽ߲СһŮӭ˳Щ԰ףŲЩ鸡ûϵ¶Цݡ󣬵ж졢ƺͰ׻¶ɫãǣ
ҵѡ
üΪŮӽˣͬʱΪ˽Ůӡ
Ǻá
ɫŮΪòĺ˴к
á
ص
㣬Ѱһݲݣܿκˣİɣ
ʱźɽԵݲݰˡ
ݲݽ֯һ˿˿âƵźܷǷãܿʹúĵϣɫǷǳ԰ףϢҲԻָ
ô£Ѿˣôʼ޷ָ
þɡ
վԱߣɨ£˵⣬ıԴҲЩˡ
ԴκʿԶʮҪԴⴴҪ޸ҪķѺܳʱ䡣
˵ţ̧֣̫תѪɫĻ֮Ի뺣ڣܿʹúɫúϢҲǿʼָ
ֱȥʮͣת̫ıԴȫ޸
¶ݣԼıԴⴴȻ֪ҪȫָҲúķһʱ䣬֣ȴֻʮͰκ˱ԴܵĴˣֶΣʵԾ
лл
Ծͬʱ΢΢л
ÿ

ŮõѣΪ˾òܵˣˣȻҪ£ԣҲȷʵǲʲôϾ̫Ϊʥ̫Ů޸±ԴܵĴˣֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
ѾȫָˣƬϿ⣬õƬʲôûУ뿪Ƭ򡣡˵ţ򺣾أҪƬҺ򣬻һ뿪
뿪ʮǰŶҲС̫ͰˮˮټΪݶ󣬶֪λڣλݣҲѾμģ׼ȥѰС̫Ͱˮˮ
ΪȻŶϣôС̫ͰˮˮǾӦҲϣϾһֿʱһģ֮󣬵ǲֿ
뿪ƬҺ򣿣
а취ֱ뿪ƬҺķΧ
úͺһ
С
ͷ
ޱȼ̣ƬҺǷǳΨɼϵǿ߲ܴռͨӶڶʱڽмԶƶɼµˣȻǰ벽ɣҪ뿪ƬҺķΧҲٷϸʱС
ΪڽɲΣɾ绹ĺԶʵ޷ٿռͨǣɵȴǻŲٵֻۣ֮֮ǴڽɾȴҲԴռͨһ˲ƬҺ֪ݵ꣬뵽֮ڡ
Ŀ϶ĻشúͺȻɳԾȴǶɡ
ûʲô£ʱ뿪õԱߵĺأЩǶһģһİɣ
ãã򣬶ֿãš
úܸˣ죺磬һһ뿪
áͷǶ˵򿪿ռͨ
䣡
ͻȻ𶯣Ļ
ȥطԶһڣһɫ貶Ŀžĵ֮Ϣɣ嫡
쵱ݣǣ
ɫ⣬̫Ϥˣʶе߲ɢĹâһģһ
ңɫʶеֱ߲ʱһ¡
ͬһʱ䣬Աߣơ׻úͺҲݡ
áÿµĵ
ѵѵʲô˵ˣ
ǣ
áͰ׻ǿ߲ʹĵط
ԱߣƸǳԾƫͷ죺Сӣǡ
߲⣬áͰ׻ǵһμȴǣʮʱͼʱһȭͷĹԴɢ߲ʹ⣬ŹԴڵʱȡˣʱ֪ǶǳҪ
ʱҺٴμ뵱ŹԴɢһģһ߲⣬ȻǲɵóԾ
쿴Ǹн֯һƵľâ
Ƭ

˳ϢԲдˣƬҺڣнƬڣ
ʹ߲Ǹλã
һʱȲ뿪ƬҵȥѰһ
۴â߲ʹâĵط
ӦõģǸطһرȻˣȻҪ֮ȡ֣
׻໽С
õȻҲǵͷ
ߡ

£һΪףն𣬳߲ɫǸλöȥ
һǸطȥ;һƿصһȺһȺʿһ㣬ҲڳǸطȥжǽ֯ż˷ܡ
߲ʹ⻪˫е񱦣
ڵק˫ȭ
߲ʹƬҺ𣬴ԼʱʧˣȴҺǿߵע⣬ʵ߲ʹʱ֯ŵĵ֮Ϣ̫ˣҲŨϢʹǿ߽ǲɵΪ֮ݡ
һʱ䣬ⷽڣһһǿ߶볯߲Ǹλöȥ
һ˲˲Ŀ߲ǸλãٶȲɵĸ˼֡
ܿ죬һ̶ӹȥ
һ̶Ӻһ߲ʹλãȥطϯɸߣӿһʿ嵽뺣£طһͨͨ
Ҳȥ

һ޸סһ뺣¡
⽫ˮһͬ뺣µʿ㣬һ·ź׶ȥһ۱ǳ˺ǧλá
ʱƣǹȥʱʱ䣬֮΢ΪһҰɫ͸Ĥвʿ֣͸Ĥ˲ʧԭء
ǡ磿
⺣¾Ȼн磬ңȻγɡ
Щʿ뵽˽һߣǱߣѵһƬռ䣿֮ǰ߲ʹ⣬Ǵǽ󴫳
Ƶ˶ݡ


1639 ߴݵһ
쿴ź׵Ĺʽ磬һƾâ
ܿ϶棬һ齣Ƭ
ߡ
кƵ˵䣬ʵĽǰȺС
ռ΢Ұݵıúڰ漴һ̣µĹ֣йʽ磬ȵʵʵϡ
ȥƬռһƬɽһһٲȻһ޴
û뵽⺣¾һƬô򡣡
ò졣
н֯âƬռ˲䣬ɼɢ˿ѰҺʶеͬϢ
ˣ
ʶУ߲𶯣һƵ߲ɫâʶеңңָƬ
š
Ƶ˵Ƭȥ
֮ǰǵ߲ʹܰٷְȷɽƬʱʶ߲ʹ⣬򣬱˵Ƭ;Ǹ
ƵûԥǸΪȥ
һۣһ˿Զһйɽ
ʱһӲԶҼӷǷһ˽Զݡ
ȥ׻˫ĿŹ⣺䣡
ʱ򣬽ֻѣëױǾͶչ˿
ͷһ޳㴫ķȥ
ȷƬһ齣ƬĴڣȴڽҪȥ֮ȡΪƬֻƿ񽣱ܹȡУ˾Ҳãȡߡ
ң㴫ǸλãͽƬڵķûƫ̫࣬ʱ򵢸СƬʱȥɢǵĶȡκӰ졣
ܿ죬һѰɵľ룬ǰһľߵ컨ֲ֯һɫǳˣһŨķ㾶ֱ˱Ƕ


һַǷ꣬ʹ۷ʿ󣬼Ŀ뵽ɾ硣
ͬһʱ䣬õ˶ݣȻϵ
н֯˿˿âһѽȫץУԷָúͺһ꣬߶۷壬һֱӿɾ꣬һԵȫ׻ⶫƶûκãΪƱѾǴ˽ɾˡ
лл硣
ÿĵĵ
ҿʲôһЦֶ׼лĺҲÿõѣҵѡ
ǣÿˡ
׻Цɲ˿Ŀ
бһֿۣкһˣȥ
ﬣ
ʱ̶дƬĽԶն
ٶȼ죬Ȼ
ƫͷһ֣ͬɨƬ⣬նĽâȫķ顣
Ӧ
֮ǰâնķ򣬼Ӱ˳Ϊ׵һʮҵĻӣΪڰ벽ɾǸ߸꣬ΪȫǴڽɲΡ
쵭ĮĿ߳⼸ˣȻĳЩȡ
ԭʹγҪﵽɾ룬ѭ߲ʹ˵ķּҲ⡣УΪ׵ĻԹԵ˵ţһˣǣʵʵѱٵĿٿʹЩ
˵⣬һӸ߸ϵ̬ĵۻһ㡣
Сӣק
Ц
֪֮ǰնǵЩǻΪͺܲˬԷʱĻӲˬѰȡָֺãͰ׻⻪ȴơʵʵѱٵĿٲȻǽǼ֮ˣң˼ǽԷҲҪɱǡ
꿴ƣ˵̬ȣȻǺܲ⣬ķԸеһˣɱ
䣬߸Уһ˿ڽɳڣĮĳȥֱ̧ץƵǣָ佻֯⣬Ȼʩչĳǿͨ
쿴ˣδȵƳֱ֣նһɫ콣
ٶȿ쵽㣬ֻգۼԶֵӵüļ䴩㵵ı˲ͬ꣬Ҳһһ֮¡
áǿ
úͺһһǿߣȻһն
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǶݣȻǱֳս
󣬺ܿ죬ɫһƬ̵Ķ죺¼ҵˣҲɱ
Ȼ׻ûʲôӦΪúͺȴǽԶݣǶȻ֪ϵ¼ҡݣʮߴ֮һ¼Ϊϵĵһ壬ݣԣҲǵڶεĴڵǿ߶ˡ
һΣҲ֪ϵ¼ңʱ򣬱ȴ˿䡣
Ż꣬ƽĮһֱӶ֣ɫ𶯣ûɫӡٶȿ켫ϢǿڻδüӦ£һѽץסֱӾеԼǰ
굱󾪣ɼҲԱɫ
ſү
ŭȡ
걻еǰʱԶоɫȴǺ캮¼۰ʮҴλаɰ㾹Ҷ㶯ֱ֣
ɭתۻһҽУĮץŻӡһֱӽķ飬Ψ걣һöӡţûѡ
Ϣ
⻪ɼӡԻŶԷꡣ
ӡǳǿᣬȻһɶ޷ƿȴǲ⣬ɵڵӿתۼ仯һն£һӡķ飬漴һĲҽУֱӽնķ顣
¼ҵһֱϵүó¼ҵǿҲǣȴκһ˿ļɵȻԷҪѰıһҪɱûʲôԥģֱɱ֮ļжǿ
ɱֱɱˡ
úͺһ¡ǻ꣬ȥȻϵһ¼ҵһֱϵүȻԥľ͸ɱˡ

Żһǿ߸һ̾ŭ㣬Ҳû뵽쾹ֱɱ˻ꡣ
Ҳ¼ҵˣ¼ȴǲûʲôλŻطֻǻĻѡ񣬻ǰɱǼ˻ԱܲΣֲ֮á
үڶүӡүɱү˿Ѿ֪ˣ

ɱʱҪɱүҲƬҺ򣬽֮ѹүǰ
ŭһ˴ڽɳڣ⼸򶼴ڽڣʱɱ⣬ȫˣѹ졣


1640 ɰ
һ֣ԺƵŽɼܣͬѹ졣
ԼһĶүԼǰɱ꾪ŭ˼㡣
䣡
һʱ䣬Ϣӿǿ
ϢáͰ׻ǲĶһ£ﵽ˽ɾڵҲǱأϾʱǿһڶ֣˴ڽڡ
ı˿䣬ӭɱŲȴת⵱ɫ绡˸Ŀռ䶼ɵ΢
䣡
׹һ˲䣬Ƭɫ䡣

ҽеǸɳڵˣһʱ䱻һɫķ飬ͬһС
ƫͷĿɨܼ꣬ɫ볯¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫӿ˱ķ飬Ψǿ
㡭
ؾ־ֿŭĶ죬һ֣ȴô򵥾ͱɱһˣҽڵ˵飬ǿҲʱһѺۣսǲļ¡
û˵ʲôֽӡµ£̼ҽУֱӽ˵ķ飬ʹؼ䡣
⡭ǿ
úͺľڵǿ߾Ҳô׾ͱɱˣǿǸоΪǴڽɳڣһɳڵˣȻֲսʵڿ¡
Сӣһı̬

ǲôȣΪжΪǿֻ壬һ·һδٵϴӣ缸СɱУʵ̫ˡ
׻ҲԾΪ֮ǰʱ򣬾ͼ˲ɱڵˡ
Żһļ꣬ʱʣˣ˱նϵľŭ˾㤣ֹס˳췢Ĺ
ƿʱֱѡӶݡô׾նеˣ˶ǴڽڣΪһǿ˳ǲĶ֣춯ֻ֣·һ
ţүܿɱ㣡
һۣ˶ݳطԶ
쿴ˣһٶһ۱˽ǰ
Ƽ򵥣ʵеһɱͨпɱ

ҽдѪ䣬ֱӱըͬҲһķ顣
תۣﰲ
ǲɵһתۼɱôǿɣս̫ˡ
Сӣ˸鷳ӡ
ʱղѾ֪¼ҵǿҲ֮ǰǸ¼ҵλɱ˻꣬ɱŻһ¼ǿߣҲ֪¼֮϶ᱩ¶ضǶ֡
ʱȻô˵ȴһ㵣ǺͼɵҲûУϾʮʱһ𣬾ûһЩǸʱϺǿܿµĴУͲЩвǵǿηͺµ
鷳Լţû취¡
һȻı顣
ˣӲ˲Ե޹ȥǱˣԵ޹ʵҪԲ¶ԷӣҲҪһ
䣬¿Ƭ޴кһ˳Ǹȥ

Ƭ޴ڣһڣһһɽڣضѪˮһͷͷ޵ʬ׹ڵء
ǰиһģĻ棬Ȼɱĳ
̹ǵɱ̼佻֯ʮһɱ˵ĺ⣬ܱһա

뿪Ǵڣһ·λöУһ߳Զ
Ƭڣɽһһ֯ŵϢǳŨһ·ܿ췭ԽʮɽúһƬɽȺڡ
ƬɽȺ䣬ǳŨֲȴǷǳϡ裬طԵúܿտҿԵЩ䣬ȻһЩǿĽɣҲɵþ巢
ǹŹֵĵطеŨʮϣֲȴô٣ȴô䣬⡣
ʱ򣬳ȴ⣬вʿҲƬɽ䣬һЩСֹ
һһƬɽ䣬ڳȥ
˵ƬɽЩŹ֣̫ˣڤһ㡣
׻
Щ֡
õ
û˵ʲôŵӣ쿪ȥҳŵص׶ȥƬ̺лһ΢⡣
ʵʲôˣ
صһӴļ
˵
ʲô
ؼĸֺʪȻһ𣬾޾۳ɵһ۳ֻ࣬Ǳ۳ҪҲˣǻ۳ĺǳ£벽ҲѿԵס
͡
벽ǿ߶ѵסô£
Ƶ˽Զݡ
ͷԡ
ǣƬɽĿ֮ô䣬صӰ죿
ʵ
ǡ
ͷ
׻˿ҺһµصףǼͻȻѰɣ
ĻƬɽصµļ̵ĺ벽ǿ߶ܹסɽ䣬ͻȻǿɾͲˣȫط
ûǿɬᱬѡҡͷˣҲûϵ
ȸƿشƣɼΪ·ļͻȻѣԺϵرҲȫȺǣ͸ȫҪ˼ɡ
߰ɡ
˵ţк׻ˣȥ
ֻǣһ̣߲߳Զ󣬺ͣ
һƵҲֹһ
ʱһɱ˵ĺɱƬɽ䣬ϵĿռֱӱ
˳ȺԴͷȥǲԶһһÿһ¶ʹõرݺһһѺԵرϸ֣ͬ֩һ㳯ӣң̵ҲһŤ
쿴ˣлһĨ΢⣬ϵϢ֮ǰɱĻǳơ
ǣǡն֣
¼ҵһһˣɳڣɰϵھʮҲƬҺ򣿣
Ƭɽ䣬һЩʿźӣľжǴžηͼɵ
ȻǱƵ鶼Ϊ֮һһ˲ͲµնֵĺӾ֮ǰɱǸĴ磬Ҳµ˶ԷΪζ֪ɱ˻꣬ɱ졣
Ϊ֮ǰǸϵǵӡʹ֪˻֮£֪˻Ǳ˭ɱüСӣЩԷɾΪ̫ˡ


1641 ɰɰ
ƵĻıûκα仯
նֵǿʱȻܹĸоȴ⣬Ǻƽ
ԶһЩ
Ƶ˵
µ˲䣬նֶˣϢֱ̧֣֯ûӡ¡
Ϊҵܳᣡ
дű˵ĺɱնֵӡתѹ䵽ͷҽƵҲһ֡
һĻƬɽ˽Ǳɫ
⡭
᣿ѵˡɱնֵܣɱ¼ҵĶү
ɣô󵨣
˿죬дžݣˣȻɱնֵܣ¼ҵĶү˵˲ɣ
ͬʱھ֮࣬ʱնֵӡ䵽ͷһΪ֮ҡͷˣ˭ãȻȥ¼ҵˣѰ·
¡¡ģնֵӡֱѹ䣬ܵĿռ䱻һȫ
ɼǿߵһܲǿˣɱҲ˶ļ¡
ӭŶԷѹµӡȴû˿仯ɺƽ
䣡
ǰһӵص׳𣬴Ŵ̹ǱϢֱײնѹµӡ֮ϣ͵һӡᴩ飬ɢ
ʱ䣬طʿԱɫ
⡭
ôܣ
ǸնֵһȻˣ
һʿ𺳡
úͺҲ𾪣ʱ򣬽˼ı顣Ǹն֣ɼΪλаɰϵ𣬿ǿһ˼ӡȻɳڵ׾ٸᴩ飬̫ˡ
׻ȻҲǳԾǵۣһСӣѵǣڡ
ʱͻȻ뵽ΪԽɼΪǰ׵ĹᴩɼնֵӡڵƬɽµǼ
Ȼ֪뵽ʲô˵ͷ˿ԶһЩ
նֵӡѹղȷʵƬɽصµ֮顣
ʱطɼն֣ΪȻֻнɾԷ󾳽磬صµļһս£˿ҲɵԷ
ϾǼڵһİ벽ǿҲѵֵˡ
䣡
ɼѹӿնһϮ£죬лһĨâܿٴαúˣŴ̹ɱ⣬ֱӿ粽ÿһ£նΪ֮սһܽ۶Ӹͬķնȥ
Щзǳ£ֵķΧǳ㣬նһգһƬƬأһЩþڸʿֱѣʮ˱Щлķ飬ҲһʵŵһȺʿֻʵĳԶλ롣
⹷յǹпṻȻŸʿҲһɱ
׻ĥͬʱҲɵö£ΪնʱĽʵǺܿ£ֻ㾳ΪֻǿЩУֽҪĸо
鵭Į𣬴ƬƵصףֱӴӵصµļǣƬĺܹâһƬƬ𺮽ֱննĽȥ
Ĵ촫ննɱб֮һһ顣
ͬʱһ͵ĽɫӿȽɫƵ˰ֱƳԶ
ԽɳڵΪսǿߣǰɰϵһ
׻ۡ
⡭ôģ
úͺҲһݣȻʵ̫ˣ̫˼ˡ
ΨƱȽƽ͵ʩչֶΡ
ʲôֶΣ
ʵ
ڵƬɽµļս
Ƶ
⻰һʹü˸ǳԾ
ղŲǳƣǼڵȻһİ벽ס𣿣ɣȴԽΪƿսôܣ
Ծ
׻ҲԾܿһˣүˣСǰ˵һصܹƿشƣһЩĵطԵ֮Ϊã⣬ڣʩչ
ԡ
ƵֱֱĿƬڡ
Ǹط𶯣֯ŵӣ֮ննнУɺƽ
ܵܲǵĵرɱǣǽҪĵرҲҪɱǣȫ๼ڣԼ뿪
˵
ʲôɣȥҵᣡ
նֻôһ仰кˣɱȻɢѹǿᣬһӰ֣Ƶɱ⣬ƺƵĳѹ¡
ģɱӿطƬƬΪ֮顣
ӭɱ⣬û˿仯Ǿûʲô˵ˣȥܵžۡ
Ż䣬رļ֮һܼĺ۶ɼʸӵص׳𣬽֯Ĳֱӱնֻ⡣
ͬʱ޾ƴŵ׻صףС͵һƬ嫵Уֱӻһͷ˵ĺ
໣
һ㣬ʼһӵص׳ֱһβݺݳն֣ʹøһıȴ顣
նкˣӰһ򺮹
תۣײһֱӱһŴĿԣը鿪
֮ವһնٶȿ켫ʱ޾ԣأֻһ˲ǿ絽ǰ̧졣

³ôһ֣п顣
ĮվԭأһҲ
һ˲䣬¡¡ģر𶯣һ̶صʮͷӵص׳űϢ볯նӭϣϢˡ
˶ĺһң֯ŵϢܿ£ʹնֵݣֱӳˣһ㣬ת۱Ǻ˳ȥԶ
ˣʲô㲻Ҫɱ𣿡

ʱˣԦʮͷ׷ն֣ٶȿ켫ҵ֮۵ȭˣ֮ʩչȭֱһȭҳ
һһĿ˵ȭֱĳնֺȥ
ͬʱʮͷһγ嵽նֽǰԼ֮ĻȭϣԻ֮Ƴնֺѹ䡣
͵һնֱӱ飬һͷǰͬͷ㣬ֱһβȵնؿڡ
飡
һ죬ϵĿռ飬նͬǵһ㣬ֱӱɡ
⣿
ôܣ
⡭ѵΣ
Ƭɽ䣬ʿһĻ˫ĿԲɾն֣ɰϵʱ򣬾Ȼһɳڵʿĺɣ
ôģǾǽʿչֳ
˿죬𺧡


1642 һ
һʿǱסˣЩѾԼΪֻǴڽɳڶѣʱ򣬽ɳڵ죬ȴȻܹչֳµȻնָĺɶ
Ҫ֪նֿǴɾǰɰϵ𣬾۷Ҳܹնһս
⡭ôܣܵİ
ʿ𺳡
һĻʵЩ벻ͨ
⣬õҲǳԾ
̫̫ǿˣ
΢
䣡
⣬ǿʢϢӿնֱɣתۼסΡ
Ǵһ˿ѪӱøӺˣ죬ɱŨҡ
ӭߣѾڵص׵С󶶶Ǿʮͷһ볯նѹ䣬Ϣǿ
նӲ飬ն߲޾⣬ӭ졣
ﬣ
ͷһֱӴгһǿ񽣣ƺնѵһУһʱռ䣬նʮͷǿϢʮ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һٲȻһڷǷͨɣǿǳתۼǽ컽ľʮͷȫն飬նͷ­
첻꣬΢۵һʱԷ񽣵Ĺɱ켣ͷܿһȭŶԷźȥ
ˣ
ȭͷɻԼڻĿºʱһȭֻһգۼǱܵĿռ䣬һ˵ļȭն֡
նӱ𶯣նµ񽣵أǰ
תۣȭâ֮ϡ
һһԱһɻ籩նͬʱ𿪡
лһĨ΢⣬ղԼ֮ӳһȭǳ£һ̵ľںȻһ۷ǿҲ޷סնȴȵĽ֮òϣնַǳǿ
ıȴûκα仯ʱ˫ֽӡطƬɽΪ֮𶯣ƬƬļӿɱлն֡
ңӵص׵ļֱ֮ӿ뵽ڣǿȼ׳ԼսһһӰıն֡
ˣ
ɱУ̧֣Լ֮ʩչӡһأÿһض֯źһΪͬķն֡
նͷڷ趯еĺŨң˲泯ɱȡ
תۣսһ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һʱ䣬طܷӿֿµɱ֯һƬƬմء
ն֣ǲˣȻһɳڵСӶò¡
һЦԶһɏCӣĿԵЩա
֡ΰ
ɰھʮģҲƬҺ򣿣
⡭
ӣƬɽ䣬һʿǶݣǷǳɵ԰ɰھʮնָӹ˼ɣΪ˵Ը൱а
նɨۼΰֵĶȴ˿ɢϢøǿɼܷһһĳѹ¡
ת֮֮ͨնֶԺ䣬ȻֻǴڽɾȴҲ˿·
䣡
䣡
䣡
߽棬ͬˮư㳯ܵռһһı顣
㻹ǲ˰նȻһսˡһΣʹӰɰʮ䵽ʮȥ
Цٴ𣬼ʱˣһսݻһɫУ֮Ƴ¡
һ˲䣬źɫоռ䱻һƬһƬɣпµĻ
⹷յģ
⣬Ƶŭնּսʱ῾Ȼս¾ɱܡ
Աߣá׻ͺȻҲǷǳŭǣʱҲֻܷŭѣʲôҲˣʵͼῲ̫Զˣﲻʲôǿгȥֻܸ鷳컹ڳǡ
䣡
ֻһ˲ѣЯɫɱǰɫѹ¡
ƫͷɨΰɱ
໣
̶쳹أص֮µڣ̼Ƶļ֮۳ͷ鳲֮ƳżῳȥǿֲϢطʿɵúݺһ
һֱ̣ӽῼĺɫ飬ͷݺݵײڼ῵ϡ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬῵ײķ飬ͬҲѺۣ


1643 Ǳҵļ
ѪˮƮڿУ῱飬궼ⴴһʱⷽɽ˽Դ󺧣һȫ¶ݡ
ǸΰȻһ˲ͱ
һʿļ¡ɾļΰɰϵھʮĵȻһ֮¾ͱ飬Ǳһɼʿ飬Щš
ȻնҲһݣղͷЩ£һ˲䣬ʹŶһ˿
ԶõȻҲһɫ
ԽɾΪһһɾİɰһĻʵ̫ˡ
ֱǡ
ƵĹžʵ̫ˣԳƵ˸ĸ
䣡
ܷӿʮ
Ώ巢⣬תۼ۳ٴο죬ɫһƬһɭȻɱɢ˿ֱӽķ顣
ɾǿߣɰϵһʿɱȥȴһͱԷ飬طһʿ汻飬̫ˣоĪ衣
ɱ㣡
̹ǣ£ɼѹӿɼҪ졣
¡¡ģһ̣һŸɫУÿһɫж·ɵӼΪ˵Ĳ֮һ𣬺ƺƵѹ졣
῵ĳžһ֮ᱻɴ
˲
¡¡ЯŸɫУٶȿ켫ֻһ˲Ϳǰ

ɭȻҰޣ
ȻĸоŸɫеĿ£ȴû˿η壬һתӡڵص󣬵дƬļ֮ǰ۳񽣣򽣹֮Ƴżնȥ
תۣײһ𣬼῵ľŸɫĺһУϵĿռһʱǾͱˣԳܵȿ³
ϾȫɼĽ棬Ƚ棬̵Ҳвס
ˣ
һᣬնʱ֣һӰ֣ԦӰһǿ絽ǰϢӿĳѹ¡
кˣɱʱҪն죬Ҫ֮Ѫء
⡭
ΰն֣ɰϵ𣬾Ȼһɱһɼʿ
һĻƬɽ䣬һʿǲɵ𺳣ƤӾһ
䣡
սУͬ嫺һ㷭ռһѣһݡ
ϵĺɫдһʼľŸʮ˸ңÿɫɢϢñ֮ǰǿᣬɵذ㡣
նԻһӰģɢĲȴǳˣͬʶһ㣬նֵĶֱĲ񷲻סҡ
ǿˣ˿µĹԼһϣƵ˶ǲɵõǡ
ƿսݺݵĥĿڼϣûµĹյģ
õүһ
׻ĿҲڼϣݺݵĵ
ʱն֣Ƕڼ῵ĺǸŨŨ˺ܶ౶
ΪԭطսնڽУһ˿һĹϵûУɶԷȴ޹ʳֹ죬û£նһɱ죬ʵ˷ŭ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰսУ˵ӿϿռһ𣬻ϢŨĺˡ
һͬʱսնֺͼΰȻƬɽµð벽Կļ֮սȴѹǳ󣬱ϾնֻǼΰ߶һɣǰɰϵ
ˣıȴûһ˿һηӼɵԵһƬĮ

ϵĺɫѾݻʮϵһжɣͬ⣬ֻʮͬķɶȥ
һߣնֻӰҲǱøӿֲƵϢ졣
ķڣռƬƬı顣
Įļ֮һӿڶݵĻܣһڻ壬ǲֱӳżȥ
ˣ
ӶȭԼϣһʱǰһɫУڼǰһȭ£ɻӰ֯˳
Ὼˣܿһȭ
̧ף

һرһͷоɴֵĺӵص׳ȫɵص׵ļ֮۶ɣٶȿ쵽ޣڼῺ˵˲ײڼϡ
۵һ῵ըѪȾ˷
䣡
˸תۼ䣬۳
Ҳʱ絽ǰƴź󱳳նһԼ֮ӶȭڼῸո۳˲䣬ֱһȭ֮ϡ
һֱӱһȭĺɣյ飬ѪˮĽ
ȭûͣ£ϣ˫붯ȭӰ籩һ¡
飡
飡
飡
ȭ䣬ڼϣһѪˮ
УնڲϵĳǣȴֻԼ֮Ļֵȥն֣ȫеĹڼϡ
Ե޹ʵĶɱʱĸоƵһԼ῵ɱҪԶԶն֡

ŭƴŰնֺüιֻһɱҲⴴ־ŭձøǵ߳һ㡣
ɱ֣Ϊ˲𣿡
Ķż῵ֳնֵһɲն֣ȭٴκ泯ż¡
ˣ
Լ֮߶ĻȭȭǿЩɲɻٴԻƺƵĳῡ
۵һ῱޿ɱܣҲûеס̵ɼһը
ҲʱһǿгնֵһݺݵĻ£һ˿ʺѪˮ˳
ȴûȥն֣Ŀʼڼϣһǿļῡ
ˣ
ӿתԼӳ֣һûʮ󣬷ʮռ䣬ݺݵڼϣһ῵굴ɣֱӽ
漴쳹˻ģתԼ֮ʩչеһֱͨһĿɫ῵û
һ̣콣âԻҲԼ֮һ㣬һڼϡ
ӭһĻԹ῵ֱӱı鲼ѺۣҲ̶ãȻȴ·ʼղ
ɱ㣡һɱ㣡
죬
ƾ㣬Ҳɱңȫ˲Ϲն֣ǲԼ֮ٴλӶȭΰ㻹һбסȽʵʣ


1644 
һƬĮƬɽһʿǲɵöһ¡
ΰ
̲סҺ
ðɰϵɼǿߣȻ
ɱ㣡
˻
ӿ⣬ûֱдƬ⳯ȥ
мɱĻܣңҲɵĲϢˡ
䵭ȭ벽Եֵļ֮߶Ƭգһ˵ĺӿ泯żῺϡ
߾ײƬ̼󣬼ῼĻɱɵ飬Ļȭ֮Ҳɢ
ҲʱǲƵ´ǰ̧־һ
וּһԼ֮߶ڼ῵ϣ֮ᴩ
ֱǺԶϵѺ۱ø࣬Ϣ
ֻǣȴʼûҪٵļ
첻òϣɰϵ˹治һ㣬һɼʿԵӭԼ߶ô๥Ѿˡ
䣡
󴫳˵ܣնּԦӴӰкˣɱӰӶµɱ׼佫һǿ߻
쿴նһۣļ֮壬Ӳնһ粽ڼ´ǰʩչԷӡȥ
ǣꡭȫǸˡ
Ƭɽ䣬ʿ̲ס
Ūǹյģ

⣬ƺͰ׻Уʵܲˬ
ǼĺǿԵô๥Ȼû
ˣ
սУеĻԵص׵ļ߶âɢϡ
˻𣬸Ӿŭʱ귢⣬ΪʱĻĿ£һר
ֻǣٶȷǳ죬۵һʱǿǰȵ֮ϡ

ҽһδӼ῿дԼ߶Ļ̫£ʼһϣʹһɫð˳
Ҳʱ¡¡ģնֵһڴ˹֯ŵɱϢ֮ǰЩ౶ʹֱӸовʱ򲻸ǿӲȥܣɱΰڼ䲻ݷ֮ܿնֵһ
ȻնּһȻΪ˾ȼΰֻǴɱѣʱܿԼһӰٵ˸һڴѹ¡
֮ݻϣն֡
һλϣ˻𣬳ûǿ֮飬ؾ۳
ɱɱɱ
죬ױøֱʮɫиֶϢԿֲˣһͷҰް㳯ȥʮһѹ¡
ӭŶԷо˾޴ѹȴûһ˿һı仯

ĮĵӭսնֵͬʱֽӡԵص׵ļ֮ٴʩչɱͷճХ񷡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
𶯣ϴ죬һ˶սնֺͼΰ硣
̫̫ǿˣ
ԽɼΪһӭսɰϵ𣬶ҽһ˻ˣֱ
ƺڵĳսȻ֮
Ƭɽ䣬һʿ𾪣ͬʱҲʱڵԼսʹһʿ𺳣ɼʿεôµģ£
ɱ
῵˻׿ʮɫз·һУɱ졣
һߣնڵڶӰ֮ǰӰǿɱˡ
ͬʱӭսˣתޣԽԽļ֮ս֮߶ɫԲ䡣
ۣ
սˣѰһ϶ƴŰնһԻȭڼϣֱӺԷİʺѪˮ½

ٴ˻ȫǶֻɱһˣŭɶ

ô֣Լ֮콣ֱ۳Ƭ콣âٲԵնֵĹ󲿷ֳżֻ£ˡ
һʱ䣬ģ佣âƬձն飬л
ǸΰǱαǡ
Ǵ
ɲǡ
Զ˿żΰС
ʱûб˶ͷЩ˲Դκһ˿ĸо෴ǿԴͻȡ裬Ͼ῿ǰɰϵ𣬷ǳǿ
ڼһδαԽɼΪ˵£ͷʣʹЩ˷ǳиоˡһ룬һɾǿߣһɼʿ󾳽һδλˣͷ֣վʱ˵ʵ̫ˣʹЩ˲ɵĿⶼڼϣСֹֻۣüεǶ
ɱ
˻ϵĺɫбĸ࣬ݻ˾ʮŸÿһǼȿ£ңɵҲʱһ߶
죬˫Ѫ죬׿ʱֻ̽ѹ˺顣
һߣնкˣϵɱŨ췢ǿĹɱ
ӭˣ˿޾壬˫ֽӡת컷ƣӡڵصµ󵱼ļ֮ݻսˡ
ײƬղϱ飬Ϣϳܵˡ
䣡
ͻȻطɽ춼·һŵĴ㣬ڵĵرһ޴Ѻ۷ɿ
ʹⷽɽսһʿһʱվվˡ
ô£ʲô
һʿɫȻóʱ״˵ļս޹ϵ
ͬʱΪͻıʣսе졢նֺͼῶǲɵͣ
Ҳʱ𶯵ĸӾңʲôڳײһ㣬̼ķѵ̮ӿĺϯϣǧ֮ߡ
ӿǧɺˣһͷȻԺ׳ͨڣŶԾĿһѪɷϣʮռ䶼Ϊ֮ҡ
ħ
һʿʧɫ
ȻҲϳͷȻҲͬطһʿ㶯ݣο˸ƵǰֱԽɫơ׻úͺٳԶ뿪
żпǡħȻļأеһִףѪΪʳ۷弶ǿ϶ֵˡ


1645 
ħȴ̫ΣգǿҲѵסʱӦݳطǵѡ
ͬʱವƿ֮һطһʿҲʼӣȻǰɰϵնֺͼҲ⣬ҲԼסħǼطԻᵹù

һѪɷϢĺХԲʮڵĿռ䶼֮ŤӺ׳ħХ֮֮͵һһɾ޴ԲʮڵȫϯȥͬռݶΪȴ顣

ֵ֮ʿ̴ֻУֱӱħС
ԽɫƵˣԭѾ˺ԶħſǵʮʵЩ£޷Զˣ忪ʼǵħȥȻɵڵ֮Ҳȫûãڼ֮ħ˲ͱħֱӱˡ
尡ȥ
ſ־ٴλص˱ħ뵽Уſطûܿס
ҧ̫ľת߾ȫܴ߶ĸǿƵҲһǣȴһ˿һҲûУһ˵ڽıħĿС
Ҫ˵Ľడ
׻ըë
ʱһХħдøǿطһһʿУһ˾ȫԿȴãʮطʿһ㣬ϯħĸУȻǰɰϼ῵նҲǲ⣬ûܹȻѡ

ħľκˣͬһԲ˲һ㣬ͣط뵽طĺףطȥ

ڵڣ⽻֯ɫâյһƬ
ȥǹĶŵۺǽʱʱĶһ£ճҺһѪɫɷ͸ζ
ǡǴһĶ
ƵۣĶһ¡
쳯ɨһۣȻˡղţһ˱ħУǰĳħĶˡ
@#Ǳˣ׻ûбֱҧ顣Ͻģǳȥ
ȥʲôطȥ
ʵ
׻Ȼʲôطģʹʲôطȥ
Ȼ˼ǴħĿڲȥ
ûǸԡʱ򿪿ڣָ΢һϬĽâĿлֱͨħĿڲȴײһεĹ֮ϣʧȥķǿϣƾǿҲܻˣܴڲλӳȥ
⡭׻ۣ󷢺ݵǾһ￪
쵭бһۣһԡ
׻΢ɣ߶ȫһߵħڣȴ˿ҲûУǿ䵽ħڵʱֱӱǱڸķ顣
ȻħڵѪޱȼͣͨ˲ˣС

ʱħڵĺڰǰĲҽ˿־;
һһξ룬ֻһʿħڵγһճҺմϣһٶڻ޷ڻҲһڻģҵ˼㡣
ȣȡ
˼ˣȣɻûеĻͱ׵ڻ
ڻҺ壬һƵħڵѪУȻǱˡ
һɰɣȻճҺֱӸ
ļ¡
׻˿ҺøղŻүԶһڵڣûֱצȥû뵽ϵЩճҺȻôֲ
˵⻰ͻȻо΢ۣ΢һ¡
ԱߣơúͺҲˣҲ⡣
ȥħڣҲ֯пµǵΪһʱԵֵʱˣȴԿסᱻеʴ

취취үɲ㱻ʴΪһĿ֡
ĥ
ʱһͷķȥ
һɣϵˮϯƺˡ
һʱĻһ˻סˮ˳Զȥ
ˮˣǴһĺˮ׻ۣͨڲλôЩˮʱ룬ͻ֮ǰ磿
Ӧǵݣ޷⣬ȴû⡣

˵ȻʱȻݽˮ˸Ļ֮⣬ˮ˵ĴȴǺѵס˳ˮ˱ħڸ
Ҳʱ䣬۽΢žӨ֯Ĺ壬ԼȭͷС֯Ũ
ݣ𶯣ûɫӡֱӽŹץȥתۼǽץȡǰ
ץǰŨһ˶ǲɵøо̹ͨ
⣬ѣѵǡ飿
úͺ¶ݣһ˲˲ĶץŹ顣
ͷԡ
飿
ƺͰ׻΢ɣܹĸӦץöȭͷĹķǷ֯мΪ˵͵֮Ϣ֪öණǽ飬ȴ֪ʲô
ͣͨ嶯żȻ飬ڣһΪɰ飬֮٣ҲӴ󣬵ԪȴƾãȻ߱˿ΪҲٳʱ䣬ΪǵȻȻصѪʼܵ͵󡭡
һ㣬ȻȻڵص޷ȫѪգܱѪõֻȻȻڵصһɶѣľųڵĸۻƾõ֮Щۻ޷õصͻγʵʶǺ顣
еö飬ŵԣ⺣ȫصĻ壬ȻԽɼʿҲѵõ䣬ֱΪöĴСۣصǷǳˣֻһöĺ飬Ǽֵˡ
ɼʿ֮Ϊ
ƺͰ׻Եۡ
ԡ
ͷ
ö飬вɵ¶â룬ħں󣬾ȻõôöֵǷĺ顣
ħһǡкɰɰ飬ö鱣˳ˮ˱
µöԷָơ׻úͺһöʣµöԼ
ץĺ飬קĽģϽȥ飡
û˵ʲôȴڲ˼ȫ뿪ħڵķ
¡¡
ˮ˹ܴҲǺܴ
֮ʮȥˮȫǳһƾ޴ϿıԵλá
·ȥ·һƬˮˣһֻɫĪҺˮУʱķ͵죬ƺڻ͸ʴһУһʮ˵ϢƮڿС
Ǹһθɣ
׻¡


1646 Ϊ
н֯˵ϢȥưϿĿռ䣬϶ڣŵˮеĪɫҺ壬֮ǰӿˮ˶ʴ͵죬ˡ
ȥȷħθˡ

ط¿ȥЩɫҺԾħڵθҺƣһմȾϣܻᱻڻ
ԱߣƵȻҲȻɫҺħķǲɵö£ܵȥضѪù
ħĴף븹Уħθλա
ߣ
׻ʵ
ҡͷ²ˡ
˦һ⣬ܿײһ͸ϣȻ·֮ͬǰ㱻ǵΪ޷ͨ
ǣô죿
ü
СӣǸֱ濪һռͬȥܷУ
׻ʵ
ҡͷûܣ汻͵ѹţȻǿ߶޷пٿռͨڶ˲ڷӳɼʵ
׻ʱүʵҲµ˲ܣǱôһ˿ϣ
ǣǾͣ𣿿Ҳѽ
С
н֯â·ħθȥ
һۣʮȥ˶٣һ취˵ֻ취ˡ
ô˵һ˶ǰһ
ʲô취
ʵ
쿴ħθλã˲ܣҪȥܣ濪ٿռͨҲܣվԭأʱȥҲᱻĿʴֻʣһͨθȻ󣬾䳦ͨû˵ȥӦ
⻰˵꣬ƺͰ׻ۣúͺǲɵ¡
˵㣬һﳦͨʲôйȥ
С룡
ƺͰ׻
бһֻۣʣ취ˡ
Ƶðɣᱻͬйȥ£θڵЩθҺǿɾԵˣҪȥգۼ͵ñڵûлͨθλã뵽䳦֮С
õģӦа취ס
ɵڻ˳ʱŨɫɹɢ
ǣ衭ɹ⣡ѣѵǡ˵еĺ쾧ɣ
úͺΪ֮ɫ
ƺͰ׻ԾΪʱȡж⣬׻׼ͨһθԣȷʵпܵסǵθҺ
ɵԴ˵еĺ쾧ɣޱȣ֣ħθҺȻܿ£Ҫʴɺ쾧ɵȴҲǲ̫ܡ
ͷˡ
׻ȫµ뷨
ⷽУȻҲǲµˣһ룬Щ⣬Ҫͬ㱻Ǹط
һκԣ̲סۡ
úͺǶһ£ϾǻŮӣΪεġ
һ
ɵƵĺɹøŨֱӽơ׻úͺһ֣һԥĻᣬֱԾħθ֮ڡ
ͨһɵһħθڣеˮ˽ӴƬˮˣֱвٵθҺ䵽ɵϡ
䵽ɵϵЩµθҺȫ޷ɵ֮ϣֱӻȥƮطȫɵ˿
Ǻ쾧ɵĳرܽǿ߶ʴħθҺȻȫκβ
׻զࡣ
õȻҲǳԾ
ȻһʼͲµɵԵסȿµħθҺʱ򿴵ɵ֮£ȴҲǲɵûһĨâ
ܿƽˡ
Ԧɵ׹ħθײ漴úѰͨȱڡ
ûԥԦɵֱӴȱڴû롣
һ̣ɵư׻ˣ볦λãһ·ǰһѶѸĹճɢһĶ
ħķʣԴˣûȥ⣬ԦɵֱӴж漴Ҳ֪ķ˶ʱ䣬ǰû·ˣճҺķɫѪͬǾ޴ĻǶһ㣬žһ
⣬ħйʲôģǸڣ
κա
Ȼǡ

ԦɵһŽɫڵһ͵ĴǰѪѹȥ
ߣ
ɫ⻯ʹ·ֱӴŵѪ϶һ·żԶȥ
ⲢƻѪ⣬ǣطΪħĳĩˣΪйڣԭͨĿհ׿ռ䣬ֻΪܵѪ£ʹĿհ׿ռ䱻գֻǷ£ѪƿЩ¶еͨ
ʱ죬֮ǰЩճͬʯһӿ
ȹճӿһ˺оĿռþ޴һ̣ӿĹճֱӽûǻʯа㱻Զڹȥʱ䣬Ȼĳλӿ˴ƬɫˮԴ
¡¡
ϣˮԴ𶯣ǱɢŶĹճУԼ俴һͷȻޱߵˮڻԶһ۱޾ԶֱʧǵҰ֮С
ħ΢лһĨâ˿ˡ
һ˴ħڵĳĩ˵Ǹλóħڵķųͷħûעʲôȫǵһй
΢΢˸ɵɫĺ˸ֱӽܵЩճ𿪡
һʱ䣬ܣƬεˮ۵ס
ˣ
úͺ־ϲ
ħ룬ǿ߶ȴǻ˳⵱Ǻܾϲ
ȻҲȫǿ졣
벻һ쾹ͬ㱻޴ųܰ
үоԼĻһĨȥ˰̡
׻
Ƴһۣٽ飬ܻųͲˡ˵ţֵңħڣ˵õöȭͷĺ飬øˡ
⻰Ҳ˵ĲǺļֵȷʵܾˣһڲСĸԵ׻ɨܣ˵طţ
Ӧûں֮ڡ
Ƶ
ⲻϻôүֲǿܵĴƬˮ
׻бһۡ
ɨܣĿڲԶһʯѴƬʯһȻʯߣܼܺž
ȥµõĿͺ顣
˵
طٲȻǺĳλõײˣһԣʲôڣͺ飬˵Ƿǳȫ
ߣү޳ɣ
׻
ҪͺΪ
£һ˿絽ʯߴǿʮط͸Ϣͬʱܵĺˮ¶һǳտĿռ䡣
ˣʼɡ
˵
£Ƶֱȡĵر׻úͺʱΪ߶ֻǴڽɾ£ֱ飬ΪѾﵽ˽ɲΡ
쿴һһۣûԥֱӽöȡҲʼ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ľɿ貣طյһƬ
ˣһۣʱȥ
һ죬һڳһɰø貣Ȱǰǿʢ౶ֱӴӽɳڿ뵽˽ڡ


1647 ˮ񹬾ַ
ڴӿֱϾһ쫷磬ӻĽʮˡ
΢ۣŸӦԼʵǡȣñ֮ǰǿ࣬ɵҲңŸӦȻɲʲôҲܹӦȵøӵǿˡ


ö飬ֻһöʱ±˫ۣʼڶö
һʱ䣬ϵٴαǿһΪ˵ٶ
ˣһۣʱȥ
º󣬵ڶö鱻ϣΪﵽ۷壬ʱпܿ۷壬ǵȸ棬֮ոմﵽʱǿ˲١
֮˶٣ת̫ľ˷Ϊ漴˫ۡ
Сӣˣ
ƵԱѾڰǰΪҲﵽ˽ڸ߶ȡ
ԱߣúͺҲѾУúͺǽﵽɾﵽڡ
ʱΨа׻ڼΪ۷壬һ׼ɾ飬ǻûбȻ׼Ժﵽھ
ơúͺ˵ͷһΪ׻
ˣ
׻â貣ҲԵʮŨ
ˣһۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬׻֮ǰ͸һЩĵرһö飬ʱȣǿ뵽˽ɾڲΡ
໣
˫ۣɼӿڣ̲סһĻХ
ֱ̧֣Ӹһƣʲô
׻ĻХϣЦ˰үҸˣ˵ţ죬ĵСӼֱ̫ˬˣΪٶ̫ˣ̫ûүҸˣɶ˵ˣүҾˣӽԺ͸Сӻ죡
ʱ䣬޵ۿ۷壬񣬺ٴ󣬶̶£ȴǴӵۿ۷ﵽ˽ڣΪٶޱȡ
бһۣû˵ʲô
磬ллѽ
ÿĵĵ
ô̵ʱʹ۷ﵽڣʱҲǷǳˡ
һУȫĿͺĹϵ
лл
Ҳŵл
ͺ飬ǿɶ䱦е䱦ֵˣȴǺںķָȻ֪ҪΪõĹϵܹ黹ǵл
õСԴЦŵ˵Ҫҿ˵ţֿ򺣾Ҳһ
ҪлġЩ˼ЩΣʵҲֻܿͷϵлʵЩǳ
лͬʱҲţǰʵ̫̫ͣˡ
˵˲лͲлŮұʿӦκ񡣡
׻Żͷ
бӹȥһŽ߷ɡ
ˣ뿪
˵
ӡطķ͸кõ뿪
תۣһ˿Զ
˵նֺͼǹյģǺһ֮ǰ񶼱ħڣȴûмǣĳطճҺڻˣ
Ƶ
ҡͷӦòᡣ
նֺͼħڣȻǳ⣬ǣǱʶⲻ̫ܣΪ˽еĸ֪˵Ĳһ㣬ңżΪǿļ֧ţҲɰϵĳǿߣ˻ħڣħںһаȻ뿪ķ
ȻүҲϣ˸ʱ뷨ȴǺСһӦûô
׻
֮ǰնֺͼһսûв룬ͨۿȴҲ˵Ĳ򵥣һҲ˲ô
ôʧƵҲǺ£ԺŪǣرǸΰ⹷յģҪݺݵŰ
նֶսʱǼĪĴ룬ɱ֣ʵܲˬ
ʱǣȡ
˵ţͻȻ΢ƫͷײĲԶһλϿȥ
ôСӣ
׻ʵ
ߣ

˵ţֱӳǸλÿȥ
ղţʶڵ£߲ɫԵֱָ֮ǰھʱĸоһȻǸӦ˽Ƭڡ
ħ룬ǽƬǡþƬڡ
Щ⡣
ѭʶ߲ӦĽƬλãٶȺܿ죬תۼƵ˿Զ
վס
ʱһ
ǰʮӰȫŮӣңɫܲ
ˮ񹬾ַܾƬκ˶ÿȥ
һ˵
ֹסŲʮŮˮ񹬵ˣѰˮ񹬾ַ
֮ǰ˵£ˮǰľַǴ⺣ڣˮΪѰʼˮѰˮת֮⺣Ѱұ˳嵽֪Ʈδˮ񹬾ַǾַǾʹ
ôţԹҡͷˮ񹬾ڲûʲôϵ
зǳҪҪȥǰ洦ģѰˮ񹬾
˵
У
뿪
ʮŮӽҡͷ̬ȷǳӲͬ˼ǰС
ԼѰˮ񹬾ַ£ҲûΪѾ⺣֪Ѿʲôˣûȥ塣
쵱ü˵ˣҪҪȥǰ洦Ѱˮ񹬾ַǻҺ򣬲Ҫ˵ˮ񹬾ַֻпܱ˳嵽ǲĴﻹ޷ȷˮַĴطҲˮ񹬵ĵؽ磬ûȨǡ
ô˵ʮŮ˿Ϊ̬ɺӲ˵ʲôûãоǲУ
뿪
ǽƬѰϺǰƬʲôǣڣУ
ߣ
ʮŮͬһ㣬ٲȻǽطˮˡ
٣ǼСѾͷ̫ˣŲŻүַѹǣȻǸȥ̸룡׻ĥЩˬˣĿɨһȺŮӣһȺŮӵɨӵӣȻɨӵزһ·ɨӵ㣬ĵܲ
֣֪涯ѹˣǵ÷һңҺ̸룡
һߵͬ׻һ㣬ɨӶˮʮŮӡ
ģ׵ģ˭˭ˣ
׻Żص
죺
ԭʮŮӵ̬ȺܲĶԻȴЩԡ
úͺԶ뿪׻һ
棬ˮ񹬵ʮŮһ࣬Ű׻ġ̸롱Ƶġ̸롱ټһһǵåһܲ²⡰̸롱̸͡롱ĳ£


1648 籩
Ű׻ƵĻˮʮŮ߲ѣקȭ

ʮŮŭ
ƵһЦûңҾ
ΪܷΪ١ģʵǺ̫ˡ
뿪ǲˣ
ˮʮŮŭ
٣ǼСԵףﵱˮ񹬵ĵˣ
׻ơ
ǰһɶ˵˻֣һһ롣
һһ룬̸̸ֵܰ
׻ĵ
˵⻰˫ۺĴʮˮŮӡ
쵰
ӭȷŮŭȣֱӶ֣Ӷն
һʱ䣬Ϣӿǿǳ
׻̧־һצӣŮնĳˣĵûүҲ˽ɾ磬ǰʱһõù˵ţĳսŮӹ˹צӣåС椣ûүú۰һ
ֽŮˣŭأ
וּһŮӻӽɢĽԱñȸղŸǾˡ
еˮƽ׻⽻֯⣺ŭӽĶʵҲɰģү̼˷ˡ
֣ŰǾ˵̫ˮ׼ˣ
Ƶۡ
ǣΪүʲôˣ뵱үǧλò˹£Ůү൱о顣
׻ĵ
úͺ⻰ӣŰ׻ʱù
ˣҪļһΪǿһһŮȥ̸˵أɽһʦץɽΪĳЩ¸ֱӷӡ˳ǧꡣһﾹȻ˼Ⱥʷҫ
ʲôǧòһι£һݣ漴¶Ľı飬̫ǿ˻ֱ֣ұ֮䷶ģ
һһԻĳֽ׻Ůݸ죬Ҳӷŭ
쵰쵰
ŭӰ׻ָˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮˮŮҲŭ㣬ʱһ֡
ѹͷĻƤ
һ˵ʮŮ˳ȥ
٣˧ĻôܻӭɣȫүȫˣԺһ̸룡
׻Ц
֣˵һһģ
Ƶ˹ȥһ֡
쿴һһˣһʵ̫̫Ҫˡ
ǰ¡¡ӿڣˮطʮŮӣһΧ׻ƣϣȴȫǰ׻ƴϷ
ΪʮŮȫǴڽɳڣȻ޵Ĺž⺣򻷾ܹӳΪɫΪϱƺͰ׻ȴҪһС̨ף֮ǰ࣬Ƿǳ޴󣬶ңƺͰ׻ҲһˣȻǴڽھ磬ȴԺͽ۷ǿ߽֡
ˣˮʮȻȫǶ֣̫ࡣ
ȣף泤
ǱǸϸӯӯһգϲǱߣΣָһܲУǱǸأԲָһѣ
ӴС۹ⲻ
ǣģ
𽾰ұǰ·ܿҪרУҪһϾ󾫣
˵
׻һ߶֣һˣå
оһﶪˡ
ˮ񹬵ʮŮӸ߷߽ӣָӵ޲̽׻ն
ֻǣǳȻȴɲǰ׻ƵĶֻ֣ܲϵһһ
Ҳʱ¡¡ģһ˵ϢӲԶһ粽
ϣ
ˮŮӺ¶ϲɫ
ϣ봳ǰߣ
ϣѹǣ
ԣѹǣ
һŮָŰ׻ƣԵ÷ǳߡ
սʱͣƺͰ׻ǲɵöݡ
벽ɣ
һһɵۡ
һȣĮɨһˣ뿪
ԭҲڲԶƬ̽Ѱˮ񹬾ַӦܲԼһĵں˽棬ʱϵ
˵⻰Ŀ۰׻ƣϹ
Ӵ̫ţŸʲô
ǣ̫һȥ壬Űۣһ
׻ԼĶ֣ͷȴһҲ
ĿһеĹƬһ𣬵һƬƳƺͰ׻ӿŰ벽ɼϢǿԽһж㡣
ȥ̫ţóˣֻôף
϶һֱûйˣг˭ܿϣ
׻ͺݶһţһ߷ɿˡ
۹еĹǵһƬ⣬֮ǰǿٶҲ죬תۼǱƵһһǰ
ﬣ
ʱ֣նһɫ⣬˲Ϣײһ
һ߶飬ĽɫҲ֮ɢ
ȥСӣ԰벽ɵɱ⣬̧־͸ˣȻǿ
ĵ
ˮʮŮΪ֮ݣնһ
ͬʱǰ벽ɼҲݣͫ΢Ȼоǿ
ˣʵ

쳯ǰ߳˵ǹȥطˮ񹬣ǿƬǵĶûȨ˽룬ǰҲҪѰҵҪ
뿪ƬҪ﷭νڣң
֮ǰʮŮһ̬Ե÷ǳӲ
Ǿû취ˣȫſ£Ȼٹȥûɣ

ҵȫſ£ˣС䣬벽ɼӿˮ񹬹žת˲طĺΪ֮ӿһɷǳ˵Ϣӿˮƺһ֣֮һˮƬˮԴĺײˮԷӳޱƽɵսΪ㵲ˣ
䣬¡¡ģܵĺˮ𶯵ĸһ޴ˮǺˡ
ȥ̫ЩͰ
ӭȲƺͰ׻ǲɵöһ£úͺҲǲɵΪ֮ʧɫ
ȷʵ治ɣҵںڣҲܷӳ׵ңÿǡ
ıƽʩչƬɫ罻֯ʹܵĺˮԴ

ɫһ䡣
û˵ʲôתĸ죬̼ɢǿ
ˮɵ磬ĺڣʩչν÷ԲǧڵˮԴȫ˵磬κһ΢СĽ䣬ʱ򶼳ΪĹң׵ˮԴҲȫͨˮԴˮһˮֱܵѹƣΪҪˮ׵ˮԴҪ¼Ѻܶࡣ

쵭Į
Ż䣬һƬɫΪģ籩ʮŮӾȥ


1649 ʥ
ɫӿķˮԴ֯һʹǿУ䲻Ǻܿ񱩣ϢȴԵʮֿ£ƺԽؼһжѹ
飡
飡
飡
ʱ䣬ⷽײطˮʮУȴǸ벽ɾ⣬ʮͨɳڵŮȫɨɣɫǱò԰ϢҲǱ˥˲١
㡭
ʮŮӿ죬΢΢
Ĺʵֲ̫ˣңȥȫΪ֮ѡ
Ȼǰ벽ɾǸˮʱҲ΢ɫǴ䡣
û˵ʲôкƵˣֱӳǰȥ
վסǰƬ򣡡
ȵܸоǿԶԼǿʱǿӲֹ
úϻʲôһһɸǿʮˮ̼仯һϣֱӽɳȥɶԶ
ɵһۣƵˣǰƬȥ
ܷǹȥ
ֹǣ
վס
ʮˮ񹬵ŮӺȵЩºη壬ȴǰ
ûзϻʲôͬԴǰ㣬ּƬˣֱӽʮˮŮɨɡЩȻܲô죬Ҳ̫֣ûҪʲôԣҲ
Сӣս֮¾޵˰ɣ
׻ĵʱչֳսʵЩǿɵóԾ
ࡣ

Ϊڽˣʱпܿ۷壬£֮£ѾûĶˡ
ʶе΢΢һ߲ʶżԶյʹвɵý֯âӷŵĸЩкƵ˳Զȥ
֮ڣȻȻĽ֯⣬ϵĺˮȫ
طƬԵЩ谵һЩкһһЩСɽ壬ɺˮ֯䡣
˳ʶ񽣵һ·ǰ¹ȥʱʱǰһݵĹȵأڹȵײһȭͷС߲ʹԴĺʣ֯һƵ߲ʹâԴ۶ɵİ㡣
߲ʹԴɢ߲ʹâʱֻڹԴı㣬ûɢԣ뿿ֲˡ
һطһ˼ŹԴǶݡ
߲ʹ⣡֮ǰ߲ʹһң֯ŵϢҲһ
ɢ߲ʹ⣿
ﰡ֯ܣ񡭡оװж񣿣
áͰ׻ǲɵ𺳡
ƵۣȻȻǺʮ߲ɫԴһģһ
ȻȻ֯â¶ϲ֮ɫ
ȻǽƬ
ˣ
ͻȻ䣬ǰȭͷСĽƬ΢·ǸӦʶе߲񽣱Ϣжһ߲ʹ⣬˲ǰ
ŽƬǰһɴԽƬϵ̼佫Աߵơ׻úͺȫ𿪳ȥԶ
һĻʱʹõ˶ǲɵʧɫ
⣬⡭
ǶȻȻߣ𿪣
Լʶ
׻𾪡
ҲԾԾĳ̶ȴԶԶûáͰ׻ǰŨңΪǳ߲ɫĹԴйأʱԾǣط߲ʹԴ֯ŵǵϢʮ߲ʹԴ֯Ϣǿ̫̫ˣ߸ͬն
ˣ
ǰƬɢ߲ɫâͬһСӰΧת
漴һ̣ȭͷСĽƬֱһĨڡ
Լܽȥˣ
⣬׻ۡ
ǰŽƬ⣬ֱһƬ߲ɫ⽻֯طҫһƬ߲ɫзǳŨϢ͵֮Ϣӿ
찲վԭأʶУƬֱʶײǱԣΧ߲ɫתһȦವһû뽣ڡ
ʱ߲ɫһ𣬽ϵ䣬һɢ
ңͬʱƬ߲ɫâڵʶڵĸӿȥ
֪߲ʹâ̾˵ܺ͵ת̫ľɿЩ߲ɫ⡣
ʱɢϢʼһٶȱǿΪ֮
ת̫ľ߲ɫâһ߸оڵ򣬸ɵһߴԼднҲ֮Լ
ˣʱɿţһۣ¹ȥ
䣡
һ죬һɾ˵ӿֱӴӽڿ뵽۷塣
Ҳһ̣˫ۣȻܸоõԼΪʱͻˡ
۷塣
΢΢ȭͷǱøǿϣȻ۷弶¡ͬʱͷȣǱ֮ǰǿʢ౶
΢΢˸ɨʶŽƬѾ뵽֮ڣ񽣽Ľ˸࣬ϢԱñǰǿ˲١
漴һ̣ɨʶе񽣣Ƶˣһ˹ȥ
ȥСӣ߲ʹԴʲôϵ
׻ʵ
һ·ѰطѰ߲ʹԴȻһֻܸӦ߲ʹԴλá߲ʹԴ죬𿪣뵽ڣʹΪΪ֮Ǻйذ
ʲôϵϣΪҵĶͺˡ

ûһ϶˵кһ˳ź֮ȥ
뿪׺뿪Ƭ򡣡
񣬾ⷽڵĽƬѾҵȻûƬ׼Ժ֮򿪿ռŻǰȥѰС̫ǡ
䣡
ͻȻһ޴ĺط׶ʼҵҡ
ܣˮԴǾһ쫷磬ʹһʱ侹Գźƽ֮϶ȥ
ôˣ
һ˽Զݡ



һ¿ȥ֮ǰŽƬڵλãĺ׿ʼѣһѺۣͬ֩һ㳯ܵ漴һɿ񱩵Ϣ͸һѺ۴ʮΪ֮Ϣˡ
һ̣ѷ鿪ĸ࣬һʯðžŸʯףڽ֯һŹ⡣
ˣ
˵ĹâӾŸʯʯȫ֣һ˲䣬ŨĹâɢ֮ǰǿʯʧˣȡ֮һʯˣʯϽܼ֯ƣԿ͸ȴܸӦǵĲ̾
һĻ쵱ǶݣлһĨâ¶ɫǡ
ſʯݱΪΣѵѵǡʥ飿
𺳣̲סŵ


1650 ʥ龪
ʥ飿׻ƿǰʯˣܹоʯɢϢĿ£˿źĻҲµõеľʥָǰ޾⻪ŵʯˣȴǲɵóʵΪھʥȫ˽⡣ôţ׻죺Сӣ֪𣿡
ͷʥ飬޾ԵͼǿԿһЩǿѪټ֮ЯȻƵĹϵպйнһ˳Ϊٶȿֿ֮죬Զһʿȡ
ھʥ£Ȼ֪ڹżпʯɾſʯݻɵ˲䣬Ѿ³ԷǾʥ顣ʥ飬ǧҲԳһ𣬵ÿһȴǼΪ£ɷû뵽Ȼһ
׻ԣӶݡ
ô
ƾ
Ϊʥ顯ǰ׽еģ

䣡
ǰ˵ӿޱȣʥ⻪ƣʮܶΪ֮֯ԴԴϵӿڡ
һʱ䣬øӵŨ
޾⻪ƣɢϢˣʮڡ
⡭Ե
׻һ¡
Ҳǲɵöһ£ֱ
ȻҲǸоʥϢɫԵЩء
һ̣䶯ݣлһĨ⣺ǡ
ʶ߲΢ʱʥĳһλúһ߲⣬ʶײ߲񽣽֯ŵ߲һͬͬԴ
ĵУ˽ƬӰڴ⣿
һƾâ
䣡
˵ܼӿطĺռ𶯣ʮˮԴһ޴ţƺҪϵһж˺ѵһ㡣
󣬵ֹȥʱ䣬طһԵðʥĹâ䣬漴һɫļ⡣
ʱһˣһƬĮӿֱдƬ⳯һûȥԶ֮Ѫ
ʮϢǿ
̼䣬Ƶɫ
Ϣѹֲ̫ˣֱӷʮѹС
ʱһУΨƽ
ӭѹ⣬̧֣нƽ֯΢⣬ӭѹƵԡ
һ̣͵һ죬⵱ͬ΢Ļ˰һ㣬
ʱһ˾ʧɫ
Сӣ⣿
׻ۡ
ʥ⣬ǿȴȻ赭дıѹˣѹͲܰ
棬ʥ޾⻷ƣʱǶݣĿֱϡΪܸоֻнɼһɼˣȻ׾پͻӳĹ
죬Ӹ䣬âֱӴг콣ն졣
וּһʮռڣ޾ˮԴֱӱ𿪣â˲ǰ
鲻䣬ӭϣڽ죬Ⱥĳƣǰâֱ顣
һĻƺõٴδ󾪣ǲĵɴ˫ۡ
Сӣ㡭ͻȻôˣѵǸղŰгʲôҩˣ
׻
ľʥ飬ʱâǷǳֲ֮ǰƬҪǿˣȴǱ̧־͸飬һεĸо
ʥ΢ݣĿЩˣĶ죺ʲô
ǻҲȺһɼʿμܹȴȻ̧о쳣һʱ䣬ڣΪ֮ڣӿһԲ֣֯ϢʮռһѺۣʹ·ĩ֮һ㡣
ȻһڿµĴһѹٵ
Ѿˡ쿴žʥ飬ʱ򿪿ڣƽǰʲôûá
ղţʥһ߲ɫ⣬ʶе߲񽣵Ľ֮ͬͬԴʹʶеһ££ʮʱ
ʱʮڶĽڣһͬʥһҲ߲Ĵڣȫ˽ƬӰ죬£ִ񽣱Щ򽣻ƬӵоԵѹʥ飬ȻҲҪܽƬԣͬѹʮĽڵЩ㣬׵׵ѹƶԷ
Բѣ
ʥôܻȻӵӱ䣬Բս֯ԣѹ¡
ʱ䣬¡¡ģԲѹ£ܵһеˮԴȫƿϢ˵㡣
úͺ̲ס׻Ҳˣһˡ
Сӣղ˵ġļٵģ
׻
ֲһһֻܽϣȫˡ
Ȼ

ӭԵԲգ̧֣ڽӡһĨ΢⣬ֱһƽԲĵķ顣
ȥ
ǡģ
׻ֱӱһ£Ӳûɳ
úͺȻҲʧɫһĻˡ
ʥȫɫɭͳܣ
оĹ죬ղһžɱ죬ȫǶȫǣһȴǱ׾͸ķ顣
ƽۿžʥ飬һ̶ˣһŶԷȥ
ûκһ˿⣬ֻеĽ΢Щ
৵һ΢ֱӳھʥǰеĽӡԷ
ʥӱԽɼΪĹţĹ죬ʱ򣬼絽ǰ֣һ˲͸ŨŨĺ⣬һɼʿȻҶʥ㶯֡
һ̣΢еĽʱȴǲĺݺһһɻֵ̿ĸоûɵֻʱ򿿵ǰĽɼͻȻޱȿֲһ㣬·׼ܽ
ಣ
ͻأĻֺ̿;㤣Ӧ죬һ˲ˣǧɾ롣
죬ղſеĽƣʥĲ¡
һĻʹƵǲɵʧɫ
Ǹʥ飬Ȼڼɵη壿
һ޳Ծ
ֹסŲʥ飬ٴһһӰԷȥ
ʥǲɵһӭֻһʵڳԼ
ɭмɵҲɱ⣬ٴκˣֱһѷ측ֶ´ټն㣡
ٶȿ켫ԶȣӿºֱûĴѷڣգۼʧӰ١
ӡˣ
һ˿һĻӵɵĸԲ
ʥ飬ɼƵĲ̶ֻߣ


1651 ˮ
ƺõȫסˣĿࡣ
һʥ飬޾ԵǿޱȣȴȻ赭дıƵӶݣʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ŽɲΰһɣȻһƵߣ
Сӣ⵽ô£㾿ʲô
׻ۡ
£ʵ̫ˡ
õҲ𺳵Ŀ졣
ǡɿƶѡ

ǡɿƣԿƣ
Եġ
ͷûϸµȥ˵
Ҳʱ¡¡ģطٴ𶯣ʥǸطѺ۸ɢֱ̮һ޴ĺڶлϢдܵĺˮһЩʯȣǱԴԴϵĳźڶ֮ϯȥ
Ƶԭھ쾹Ȼǰľʥ飬ʱһĻǲɵͷƤ΢
ǾʥУķռȫܵſƣͻȻ뿪տʼ̮ˣ
Ͻߣ
ǸطֳЩڶЩˣһУԻ·һ
£һ˿ٺˡ
Ҳʱǰ΢
׵֮ڣһ񱻾һƯŮӵ񣬶ׯޣһľмľҳڶھȥ
ǡ
лһĨ΢⣬̫ľתûɫӡճץȥ
ܵĺڶǳˣľ벻̫ұǽ۷ֻ壬ܻûɫӡǿɫӡգۼ俿ŮǰƵĵϵļľһץ˹
ͬʱȶʱƵҲһ룬һۼ˳ǧԶ
˵طܵˮԴȻǳƽǲܵЩڶӰ졣
漴ֹȥʮǸطĺڶʧָƽռ״̬
Сӣץɶ׻ץ񣬶󵱿ģ˫Ŀǲɵ¶տտŮȥľʣ
ԱߣҲ˫۷⣬ĳ̾
úͺЩݣõ֮ǰˮ񹬵һȺ˺ƬѰˮ񹬾ַݳѳַˮʹھַУòǣǡˮ񹬵ʼɣ
ôһ˵ƺͰ׻ҲǶݣƵ⣬пܰ
ǿܡˮ񡣡
˵ţһץһľתľΪһңϽ֯о˵ĵʮֲɣϢ֡ˮ
ľҾǵˮңһץһطĺУˣ׵Ķ϶ˮĵ
⡭
õ˶ǲ졣
ˮһȺƬѰʼˮѾѰ֮ãʱ䲻ѰȴǱǸҵˡ
ǣôⶫ
ʵ
ʱ˶ȷˣԾˮʼˮĵ
ⶫȫ޹ء
׻֮ǰˮ񹬵ȺСѾͷĺ𣬻Ǹ̫ŸûˬԶҲҲ
бһۣ񣬶˶٣ҵһˣǡ
ɶ׻һŹֵı飺СӣԴҩˣʲôʱôϺˣոջ᲻ýѰⶫ󣬾ȻҪȥǣүǵرİ
ʱʲôر᲻죿г𱨳ԹԹ
һ˼𣿡
ȫ£ôʱã
봸
Աߣʵ磬ӦòǵΪǽ͹ȥɣʲô⣿
ͷˮղһЩŮӺǰ벽ɼЩҪҲǵԼһʼ⣬ң֮ǰǵĹУҲȫûҪɱֹֻ֣ǽƬѡ˶٣бƺͰ׻Ȼ⡣
ƣ׻
ŵһԿóһ˵ҲǷǲ֣ˮ͹ȥѰˣһӦûлǣһǰƬһɼǿУΪҪ򿪿ռŻƶˮ͹ȥһеɼǿ߰æǳ򣬵ǲʲô⡣
㲻Լ⺣򿪿ռͨ𣿺αضһ٣
׻ɻ
ɵڵǰѾûжˣڵΪԦֻ㹻һοռŻˣʱǺôˮȡˮ񹬰Ǵ򿪿ռŻ뿪Щãʲôãң˻ܶһѣ۴һǶȿûκλ
׻΢Щ
е

䣬кһˣ뿪ȥˮһѰˮˡ
һþ;ƬڣûʱǱѰֱӣѰˮȡˮһȺǿߡ
桭ˮ˵񣡡
ˮ񹬵һȺǿ߼ѡ
ͬԤϵǰ㣬һǿȫл鶼ʮ棬Ҳ˷ܡ
ˣ֮ǰ£ʵںܱǸĻˡ
֮ǰǸ벽ɼǰһ˵ǸһѰˮʼ񣬲͵Уһڴ
ǸԲ𡣡
ʮŮҲһһǸ
޷⡣

Щ̬ãȻҲ̫СۣңȻô֮ǰ£㱾Ѿûзϡ
֪˾ͺãԭǣ
үغܿ㡣
׻ƴݵĵ۾ʮŮصɨӡ
ʮŮӿһһˣ̲סĥקȭͷ
졢úͺ̬ȷǳ÷ǳ棬׻ƣɫȴЩÿ֮ǰһһ˵ϷĻ棬ңʱֱôɨӣ߷ߡ
Զ˵Ļǿ㡣
ˮ񹬾һڡ
ʮŮҧҧߵֿƺͰ׻ƫͷٿǡ
һ˰׻һƣˡ
ࡣ
ŲŴ㣡
׻
ʱˮ񹬵ǸɼǰһǾطˮһǿΪ׵ˣ΢˹СѽʼѰ֮ǰӵðҴˮСѵлĺܸлŵԣǴСʲôҪ뾡ᣬֻҪˮܹõ˿ɣ
⻰ǿףʵΪһʼ񣬶һ̫ҪˣغǷһԼһʼ棬ѰǣȷǴ
ǰˣѰ󹬵ʼɣҲֻǾ֮Ͷѡֿڣ»еǰæ


1652 
Ļˮ񹬵ͷС뽲ֻҪƴǡ
ЦǰΪºףǰ뿪ƬȥĴݡ
£
⡣
򿪿ռŻɾԣȷʵǷǳ򵥣̧־Ϳõ
ԡ
ͷ
ڴˣȻûʲôԥģ±͵ͷû⡣
л

ƬѰ˽ƬˮһǿߵõԼһʼûбҪټײ£һ볯źƽ϶ȥ
úײ뿪ڵƽ֮ϣڸһϡ
СѣʣҪȥݣ
ˮ񹬵
ݡص˶٣ãأͺȥ̩ݣǺȥݣ
֮ǰҪȥѰС̫ɵеֻܿһοռͨԣʱúһĺҪ뿪Ƭ򣬾ֻܺһȥݡ
ȴǲͬˮ񹬵ɼǿ򿪿ռŻ²ѣԴˣñǿֱӻ̩ȥҲãȥģӦҲ̩ݣϾû̩ݵб֮С
룬ȥ̩磬ȥүү˵ʱүү̩ϣһ£ȴʱʧˣôȥүүһܵãΪѾˣڶһģҪȥƽ
֮ǰµõ޷Ƶ򿪿ռŻֶʩΪϾֻнɾΪǸʱûЩڣˮǿߵİ򿪿ռŻ²ѣʱѡ̩ݵбɡ
ȻҲһɱϾʱ죬Ѿһ⺣£бɵүүȴѾֿꡣ
ʱ꣬죬ȴûףȥԼүү
쵭ЦõԴТģܺá˵ѰС̫ͷʱʱȥ̩ݿ㡣
ţÿĵĵ˵ͷ򺣾Ǻһȥ̩ݶ԰ɣ
Цŵ˵ͷ⺣ʶһֱһҪ뿪ȻǺһ˵ţ죺ʱллչˡ
ӦõġЦ漴ˮ񹬵ǰˣȥ̩ݡ
ͷ¶Բѣɼ˺һռŻ֯΢⡣
ˡ
˵
ȥɡ
úͺ
һ죬úֱ߶֣漴̩ͨݵĿռŻգۼʧ
úͺ뿪ٴοˮ񹬵ͨݵĿռŻҲǰˡ
ͷ׼±Ͷ֣һɫĿռŻ
Ϊʮߴ֮һǳңԤףСһ˳ЦŶֿڣպСʲôѺҪˮ񹬣ֻҪˮܹõСѣصȫΪ
Ѱһʼ񣬶͵ϣʶȴɲǴռŻܱˡ
ллҪ鷳ˡ

վⷽϣ˺˼䣬漴ƺͰ׻뿪ͨݵĿռŻڣ˲Ϣʧ
վԭأ˶ٺҲûˮˡ

ˮ˵ѰܿѰˮ˵ת֮
ڴʱȻܼʼˣ
һһЩӺܼ
һЦ֯µĿռŻطˮһڵӣֱʧԭء

ҰԵһƬڰ졢ƺͰ׻뿪ʱУҲ֪ȥãеĺڰʧǴĿռڱһƬʮֹɽ֮ڡ
ȥƬɽС洦Ǵ׳ĹľŨЩˣɽڳûضޣɼҲ٣еͬʮֵĻ
ݣ
΢
Ȼˮ񹬵ǿǵȻвݡ

˵⻰вɵЩпʹǰȾط治ʮߴ֮һ̩ݿҪˡ
ط˶٣ûйͣкƺͰ׻ⷽɽȥ
֮ǰǿʱŶ֪С̫Ǵϣȴǲ֪Ͼ̫ˣǿչŶܽС̫λþȷһ̶ϣѾǺܾˡ£ݣҪߴҵС̫ѶɲС׼ȥĳЩʿеĹųǣռС̫¡
ȵȣһ£׻ͻȻۣеǺһҩѰҩˣ
Ҫããĺн֮Ѱжôס

ô˵ǺôҲ˺δٷְٿ۾ľʥ갡ֵ׻СӶҩһ뷨Ҳû
ûʲôˡƽԼҽһԴﵽ۲Ρ
׻ۣ潾ǵȲΣôôﵽ
Ʋ죺ҵǽĻδԿԴﵽ۾ȻǰǱ׸
ֻ֪壬ųؼǿ壬ֻҪȥֻҪٷܹ֮뵽۸߶ȡ
ˡ

һⷽɽУɽ˻ϣʱʱһ硣

һ˻һֻèȰ벽ɣͫɭ̣ץһޡ
⣬˿ûб仯ͬʱһԵİ׻ݡ
ү
׻ųèһצӣֱӽ֮ķɳȥǧԶһײ׳ľ
ݶôݣ֣Ҫá
Ƶ
׻@#
һͽУɽߵĹУȺʮͷǿޣ඼ǽɲΣˡһ޶ԣȻǲʲô޶Ǳ׵Ľ
ûȥãһ߳ɽ
⸽ʲôطдĹųǣߣ
ѾͰ׻׼ʿȽܼĹųǣΪĹųռܶϢѰҾϵС̫ǻв׵á
Ҳǵһݣ֪⸽ʲôطдĹųǣţʿһʾ֪ˡ

Ӳ䣬кƺͰ׻һЩλȥڴϣȽʿӶ̽⸽ʲôطдĹųǡ
䣡
ʱԶһƬɽ䣬˵𶯣ǿˡ
ԶԶȥ׵罻֯һ׺УһƬƬ׵ʣǿϡ
һĻʹƵݡ

΢


1653 ͼ
׺ʲ񷣬һ֯УԾ򡭡
ȻҲϳǵۣ¶ݣ
ȥ

طȻǳ⣬Ϊ塣
£кƺͰ׻ǸλöȥתۼǴﵽ
طһƬϿسƣûʲôֲȥһӱʮǿΧУȾŲѪȴͦΣº˵ĵʬǶɢŰ벽ɼϢѪˮȾƬر
쿴ǰһ۾ϣеһĨâ

Ƶۡ
׻ǰǵˣ
СӵĴ˸š
Ƶ
˸磿׻ЩĿ죺ѱøˣ
˦־ʲôСܡ᲻죿
׻ǰֿڣ¶ŨŨľɫ˸Щ̬ȥΪһȴȻԸɵһٶ벽ɣһЩʬϢоȥƺѾޱƽɾˣֱ
Ͼ壬ŹˣǰʮʱҲǿûߡ
˵
䣡
ǰӿȾѪ֯䣬춼ɵľίʵЩºͺˡ
ΣѾɿˣԹԸףͼҵȿԸһʹ죡
ʮΧŰǰ벽ɻǿߣⰻȻ۵ȴǴһηɡ
ʮΧģɫ΢ЩףΪѾˡȻˣıȴһƬĮһ˿˿âϣļɾ塣
ʮ벽ΧŰƣâ֯ͷŰ̬һǺŨһʱȴû˹ǰȥʵǱսʱ򾡹ѾоҪݽˣȴźŨηӣʱûԸͷ
ûг̫ãһ̣ʮУһҧֱˣüɵʲôûˣһϣڵ״̬вǣ
˻ӶһڽϽ֯˿˿Ƶĵ֮
ವģҲˣϢǿǳ棬ʮֻ񣬽Իӳɱ
һʱ䣬طձĺ¡¡죬һ̾Ҫ˰㡣
ıû˿仯ܣ꣬ų⣬
򣬾ΪЩ鵭ȴǷǳˣܹѹһС
һĽǱ˸飬漴ѹ˿ܣһ˲ȵںϡ

ҽдѪˮ䣬벽ɾ͵ĺֱӱ
ͬһʱ䣬ǿ΢΢һʱֻʣһ˿ˡ
ʮ˼ź걻һɱһһ˲䣬ŰʧоŰ͹ȣƵâûУһж¶ɭɭ⣬һγŰѹȥ
ҲʱһƿԶ춯ˣһ۱ǳڰԣڽ˲ƶ㡣
Ӵͷþò
Ͱкͬʱ֣Ƭ콣âԻ罣籩ն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һʱ䣬ѪˮɽŰʮ벽ѣȫᴩɡ
ʱȫɿݣųԵ죬лһĨâȻ뵽졣
ʲôˣ
ŭ
һɵʮ벽סΣʱĿȫϡ
ûʮˣɨ˷ԵİͷԽ۷Ϊնɱ벽ɣȻֻɿ˶ѣһ˶ûܡ
ѪˮºȴǷ֣ȫ˵Ѫ
ûĻʵô
С̫ͷɢˣǣǡ·Ȼ󿴵

ͷû˵ʲô
һնˣͼڣ
ɱⰻȻʮ벽ɿͻȻֵ죬ֿ۰붯ˣһɱ
ʮɱûжʱطȻ֪ľսǱʶɶԸЩˣԣʮ˴˿ɱ˿ΪֻĬĬתžָԼľ
ıҲǺƽʮ˸Ǵڰ벽ɾܻ񣬵ˣ۷Ϊʮ벽ɣĲС
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
վԭأֱӱдƬĽâԻ콣߶һķ籩ϯܡ
ңͬһʱ䣬һչ۷Ϊʩչ˲ݻʮ󣬺ƺƵѹʮˡ
Ϲ˵ǿˣطնҪˡ

ҽеһʱѣƬ콣âᴩֱӱ飬ͬҲһ顣
ͬһʱ䣬벽ҲѣѪһըתȥʮˣֻʣһվڳС
ʱٴο죬һвɵ¶ȫһ˰

ҧûһ˿һԥֱӳԶȥʱѡߡ
֣쾭еһͨնٶȿ쵽㣬գۼ׷ˣ۵һ˵飬˦һƬ⣬Ҳһն顣
˲䣬طð
תŹžһָ죬һĨâ
֪һֱǺǿ֪Ĩɱʮ벽ɣʱɱʮ벽ɣȴɻ΢ЩݣΪɱĹίʵЩ򵥡
ಣ
ಣ
ƿƺͰ׻ʱԶ˹
֣ô겻ԽԽ֮ˡ
ƿŰ
ƣ˵ͷٶ˲ˡ
һ˰ٶ벽ɣ˸磬Щ̬
׻ǰݵĴкͬʱҲǴžɫ
׻Աߵ졣
һͷ
Ϊ򵥵Ľ°׻ͬʱΪ׻°
ȻŰ׻˵ͷ
˵˸磬ղЩ˺ʲôͼʲô
׻ʮֵ졣
ôһʣƣҲƫͷ
һȻǲʲôȡһƤž˵һĹżȻãƺǼһصľλãУкܾ˵ر


1654 
Ƥžְɫ̫ϿӡͼƣȥһɽҲкȶҲ֪˶ôƾõ¡
žĵλãһķģӡϣۡ
ĸֵκһ𣬾أǸıǵĵط̺еر
ƶƤž
Ȼ

׻¶һ˿ɻ󣬵ӦǱӡ£ӦǿӡѾǴеرɼȻѾˣΪʲôûн֮ȡߣҪͼ
ӦǣȻرȴû֮ȡߣԻôһͼ롣

ʮʱ͵õһƤͼҲǿ̻һŵأǹŵڵĸΣյ㶼ƤͼϱǣƤͼΪһЩ˽ǴŵзرȴȡߣӶĵͼ
ԴƣðõƤͼҲ˶
е
׻
ƿƤžطʲôλã˵ţʰ֪𣿡
ҡͷƤž̻ĵͼȻϸȴڵĵκϸȵξѰƤžҲȫ
쿴žҲǲ룬˵ȥ⸽Ĺųǿһɣòˡʰ֪⸽ʲôȽϴĹųǣ
ҪҵϵС̫ҪһЩĹųȥռϢҲһһƤžϵͼδʲôط
ͷָ֪λã°һ
ãڹȥ

£һڿն𣬳طĶλöȥ
漴һۣʱȥ
ʱһǰһǣǽʣŻϢҲ֪˶ôƾõ¡
ųУòһûѰС̫ټϢƤžϵλڣȴǵõ˴𰸣ǸλãþʹϣֻǾλԵЩԶѡ
Ǹط˼ΪҪﵽϵúķҹʱܴﵽ
Ƶ
ûʲô˵ģԭҲͲʱ䣬߰ɡ

С̫ľ޷õȺͰƺͰ׻һȥõƤžϼصǴؿһԣǺرȡǶһ˶ԣԶкô
ವƿصһ˵ٶȺܿ죬ʱ䣬һα͹ȥ
һ죬ոʱһͣ
ȥǰһƬܼİɽ󲿷λöǹͺͺģǳϡɽһͷʶ޶ѿĵ
ˡ

һ˴ӿн£漴ͽܼɽȥúƬܼɽǵһλãطͣ
ƤͼϵأǷȻطȴĿռǴһε֮УλãþǴƬ
Сӣҳʹڡ
Ƶ
ƿشƵȷǳóһضѰһڲ򿪣Ǻܼѵ¡
ͷһʱת󣬺ܿطѰһε͸磬֯ʹ֮Ի˳
ͬˮһ㵴ۿȥǳʵȴǷǳļ̣ԣҲð벽ɲ򿪣ƿصȴǶȻž˵߽ԣֻнɲεΪȽȴҲѲ죬ܿǱƿʹһѷ졣
ߣȥ
ʱ
£Ͱ뵽ѷ󣬳һ޴֮С
ͬʱ򿪵ڣɲǼбպϣʧ
໣
𣡡
޴Ũ޴ɽһһ䣬˻ɢŨ㣬ĶԿȽɼΡ
ڴˣһ˵ǲ⣬ɽγɵеԶŨھƾõºݹޣȻúǿ
Ǵأλá

£һ޳ⷽĶȥ
ǲŸտûԶǿݷǣֱӳһ˵Ŀ磬Ű벽ɼ
ڴˣһ˵ǲ⣬ֱ̧֣ӳֻȥ
ȻҲʱһλϣһͷ޳ͬʱסһ˺ͷ޴ݣȻǽһ˺ͷ벽ɼľȫǾͲֹסΣԶȥһ۱ʧ
𣡡
ͫ׳ڿԶݺĿһϣֱӷһ˵˵Ƭա
۷弶
һһ


1655 ħѪԭ
ͫɭֱƬգ˸ݡ
ܣ

ɼޣɲǿԿˣΨһѡ
£ವģһ붯ȫԶߣٶȿ켫
𣡡
޺Х𳤿գ;һ׳Ĺľֱӱײ飬̵ΪâһŤ
ﬣ
̶쳯ԶٶУͬʱ콣Ƭ콣âһƬ㳯ȥ
ȻⲢǾ˵ǹޣֻԴŶԷ׷ѡ
䣡
ֱͨ֯һƬ׺ѹ£š
ͬһʱ䣬ƺͰ׻Ҳһ֣Զǻǿͨ
û˿ͣ٣ֱӳһ˲һ˵ɱ֮⡣
һĻʹֶݣһʼûԼ˵ܹ˵ͷޣŶԷֱӳͷУȴɻǲɵЩ΢
˵֣Ҫ¶Ϻ󣿴Ҷ£׷ˡ
һһ߶Աߵİ׻

׻
¡¡ģպر𣬹޳һ˵ľԽԽ
˼ٷɶݣ;˲ޣ඼ǽɼУԭ޶Ҫڼ׷һͷɼʱȴǸͷԶܣ±ͷɼ޸ϡ
ɹͫɭ磬ֱֱˣܿ֡
һۣӵʱȥһӶݣɼ׷ڳ嵽һ˽ǰһǿâӿ񱩵һˡ
һ˲䣬ͷɼĹһ𣬺ֹסΡ
ôͣˣ
Ʋ⡣
Ҳǲ죬һ̣΢ݣһȣͣ£
һ·ɶݣӵطɹľǰ·ҲһƬƽ̹ȴͻأһɺܲĸо
󷽣ɼ޶һˣˣһʧԶա
ˣ
׻ݡ
һĻһʱøӲ
ҲüɼĹ㶯һɹС
ԭأ۷״̬ʱĴƬ
漴һ̣Ƕݡ
鷳ˡ

ʲô
ʵ
ƺͰ׻Ҳ졣
̧֣һ⣬ڲԶնһƬر
鿪¶һѺۣ漴гζѪˮԵر֮
ƺͰ׻Ǳɫ
رնƺ󣬾ȻðѪ
ħѪԭ쿪ڣһħأ̤УҲܹ߳ȥ
˵һͷɼĹ޸ղΪҪߡ
ǸϽˣ
׻
ҡͷѾУ˲ˣ٣ط޷˳ȥ
ô᣿
׻ţһƬտһƬƽ̹ô˲ˣ£ʱ·ֱӺˡ
˳һѪɫϢĳ֣һ˻ȥ
@#ʹ
׻
ѪɫϿһҲ̣ײ֮ȴǱĴ󴸸˰㡣
ѪɫϣüйᵫֺܰԵϢ
ȷʵ
Ƶͷ
ҲʱѪɫ΢˻ΣһϢʧƺӲֹ
£һ˶֪ʱ˵ǰ㣬޷˳ȥ
ô죿н𣿡

طһµ׾֣£һֻó
СͷֻǸոտħѪԭֻǴڱԵشطΪǴ֮ѪԭطӡǵϢ޷طԼ⸽˳ǿűԵߵԶһЩ˳
ʱһƵԽŵӿ֣ŵصӿȥܹܾȷİħѪԭַΧ漴ð˸뿪طԲεķʽħѪԭУһۼгȥһʱʱ䡣
Ҳʱͣƽ֯ӿȥܿʹõص³һѪɫϣǰ
ΪУ͵һѪɫϴһȱڡ
ߣ
˵кˣٶȺܿ죬˲Ϣȱڿ˳ȥ
Ѫɫϵȱգ۱պϣ漴ѪɫϢʧ
ǣˣ
׻ʵ
ˡ
ͷ
ˣ׻ҲǺΣ
ɨһۣҲ˵ֻǸոտħѪԭıԵΣϵͣһ㣬ƿҲųɿܻС
˾Ǻ¡Ƶܣ˵ǵƬڵʲôطˣ
Ƥͼ
쿴
Ƥͼȡһۿ֣֮ǰǸλãھƬĵǴؽһЩ
£һûͣ٣볯Ǵȥ
ƬܹŨ׳Ĺľһһ꣬ϵĲľҲ֪˶ôƾõޡ
໣
нɼĹǣ鲼źɫףһ㡣
̧֣һƽ֮ķɣƬĴǷظȥ
ˣһۣʱȥ
ʱǰ˲ٿµޣɼ˺üͷоյ룬һƬ⡣
ȥǰһ޴ĸɽľʣʯͣ·Ƶɽšһİ㣬һޱ׳ĸоܰ
ǴأƣЩ򵥰
׻ۣǶɽһϲͨʱҲĲ
ƵͷǹŴļһ㣡
ܾˣ
ȳȵˣʱЩԾ
Ȼܸоط죬ʮطĵصףʹⷽɽһɽ֮ơ
ңطҲԱطŨ
ߣȥɽģرʲôһҪȡ
׻һȲ˷ģ
΢΢ͷ£һ޽ɽ⴦ɽλȥ
ɽŨľˣǳ£żһ΢紵Ϸǳ
ɽΪϢǳŨǿĹ޸࣬һСǰУܿһͷһͷޣתгԶ
ʱɽڣкһưɫҲ֪ǴʲôطðʮռתۼǱðããһƬֻܿڵǿʶȫʧȥЧá
ʹһ˶ݣͣ½Ų
ô£ƽɨܣֽĳ׾ˣ
ʶҲʧȥã˶ٺۣããƬռҰ˲ޱ漴һ̣лһĨâ׾֣Ե


1656 벽
Ե
Ļһ˶΢
ʲôԵ㿴ʲô
׻ʵ
ʱطʮռڵǰããƺͰֻܿҰڵĶʶʲôҲӦʱ˫ر۾ȴܹõһǿʲô˲öΪ֪޳˫ۺܲԿǳ档
һ޴ɳء

վԭأƽ֯Ŀڽŵ֮¡
ڵصף
ע⵽
ԡ
ͷ
վԭأһԽӿŵصӿȥҲһǰһı黯ɻңطص׶ȥ·
ϡ
԰˵ԿٶͨµĶԾ¡
ƵûԥһԾ¡
ǰڰԾ֮󣬻ֳŶ֮˦Ƭ⣬ƺӡڴ飬ӡеĺۼϢ
ص׺ܻ谵ƿ·ԼȥһӺ·̮¶һȽխĵ¿ռ䣬зǳŨİɫ֯ⷽռڣص׿ռһзԲʮҵĴðȵƮţϷڶȥ
£Ƶ˽Ƕݣ֪֮ǰϷЩɫǴط󾭹ڵ˵رΪǰⷽ޴ɳضһǸо˻񵽼һĳˮ·Һɵİ㡣
ȻԵԵ
׻˫ĿŹ⣬ѡ
ôһ޴ɳأŨĺˣطУôԴ
Ͳ˵ˣֱС

ʱôһ޴ɳؽ֯ط˵ʮɵһᾧʵ̺źͷƬ֮Ƕԣд棬ʵԶһС̨׵Ϊ
£һ޸ⷽɳѰһϥ£תž
һʱ䣬ֲһӿⷽص׿ռҫһƬ
ˣ
⣬â֯ӿ
ʱ̫ľתޣһ߼ȡⷽɳڵΪһҲеķƬŲԼɵ
ˣľһƱǿʢĵҲ֮ԽԽŨ
漴ʱһΣתһʱȥ
һºһ죬һڳһӲĽɫø貸ңâøŨⷽص׿ռһɹ硣
벽ɣ
˫ۣУâһš
һµʱ䣬طɳڵİʱٴνӽ۷жδﵽ벽ɾǺȣøǿ
ңɵĸ͸⣬Ҳһ˿
ʱ͵ȣ֮ͨǿҲ˿
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿâȺӿⷽɳϣơ׻ͰͻƣƺͰ׻ﵽ۷徳ﵽ벽ɾʵ˼ࡣ
׻һ˷ܣ̲ס໡ĺ
ڲǰŸͻƵڣͻƵ۷壬Ƚʵޱȡ
ˬ죡
ĵ
ͰԵñȽƽͳȣ˫ĿȴҲһƵľâ
ʱص׵ⷽɳϣԭðŵİɫ÷ǳϡڵͷƬһĵĲˡ
ʣһЩͷƬ֮һЩΪȻɽȥ
˵
£һٴתԵĹžطɳʣͷƬ̸ԵǰΪ
漴һۣʱȥ
һ죬طɳڵͷƬһȫĹ⣬һɢϢǱޱȵ
ߡ

ǰ·һ˺ܿ뿪ص׿ռ䣬³ڵر
һûԭͣƤžϵĵͼֱⷽɽĴλȥ
𣡡
໣
ɽǳֹ࣬ʱʱо˵޺쳹ա
һУɽĴú޶ǣһͷħԳһͷϬǸ࣬⽻֯Ѫ˵Ϣ
Կɳڵʿ
ƺͰ׻ݡ
ҲʱͰ˳ȥɫ콣â֯ɫ֮ӿתۺͷսһֱպ濦Ŀѡ
飡
һ죬ȭħԳϣֱӽ֮ҵĺɣѪĽ
䣡
⻷޾׹⣬һ䣬ն΢΢ŤϬǧɶԶ˲һƬڣнζ
̬
ƺͰ׻ۡ
벽ɺ֮Ǹһ󾳽蹵Ͱڰ벽ɾɿɳʿǿޣʵЩ𺳡
䣡
䣡
ǰܵâͰԶսһͷɼޣսȫطһ˵쫷磬һľȫķѡ
תۣһӹȥħԳǻϬԱüɵֱתԶӡ
ǰ̫ǿˣηӡ
Ӵ󣬵ȴٶȺܿ죬ת۱ǿԶʧͬķϡ
Ͱ֣ͣûȥ׷ϾǲУûȥ׷ɱıҪ

³һȭͷԹԵĵͷԼǰս൱⡣
ܿ϶ľ磬ƴȫһսɳڵҲſԻɱ
ԱߣҲоâڽ֯ȻҲԡղźͻϬĶս˼Լǰļս
ˣˣǶǱ̬
׻۵Ȼ˳Ͱʱ˼ŸԵʵ
бһۣ漴кһˣⷽɽλôȥ
ɽй࣬Ҵ඼ǿ;һͷͷޣˣбܿûñǽӽɽ
Ҳʱ㣬΢䡣
ôСӣ
ʵ
Ͱ׻Ҳƫͷ
û˵ʲôֻǿɽĸǰн֯һ˿˿ľâ⡣
ڸղţʶе񽣺һ߲еʶУңָɽλá
µĽƬ𶯣ʶʱ춯ǳϤǷǸо˽ƬķӦѵƤžǵرǽƬ
һ˲˲Ŀɽĸǰ΢Щ
ιСӣ֨ôˣ
׻ʵ
عûж˵ʲôֱٴγɽĶȥңٶȱ֮ǰӿ˼֡
ƺͰ׻һŹ֣ûʲôı仯ȥ
漴һǰӹȥǰһɽ
ȥǰʮһλãһ߲ʹԴƯڿУڣ֯Ųɣͺ嫵Ϣص֮ʹڵһ㡣


1657 
߲ʹԴԣе¶â
ղĲ²ȻûƤžϱעرȻǽƬ
ͬһʱ䣬Աߣơ׻ͰҲǶݡ
رȻȻ
׻ǰ߲ʹԴƫͷ졣
֮ǰǲɽһ߲ʹԴطֳһţ
ⶫж٣
ҲԾҲ죬ѾѰü߲ɫԴˡ
ԱߣĿʱҲϡ
һ޶Ļսѣ߲ʹԴȻ֪ʵʣȴ֪Ǻйء
Ŀʼǰ߲ʹԴ֮ϣʣǽƬ
漴һͰ˵һֱӳǽƬȥ
ܿ죬ǰʮǰÿһ嶼ԵöͶͦΣһ߲ɫĵĻ·ԸһС
ǰȥʶе΢΢һֱӴ߲ɫĻж뵽ʮ֮䣬ʮ߲ʹĻȫû·ͬһ㣬һʧգۼǲڡ
УֱֱĳŽ߲֯ĽƬȥ

δ֪ڣһŸУһ׷ڷһƵĵ伮΢лһĨ⡣
һ̣Ϣ䣬ʧԭء

ڣʮ壬߲֯ɫâĽƬǰдһϲɫ
ô̵ʱڣѰŽƬȻǺܸˡ
ⶫĶҪ
һƬǰ
ˣ
ƺӦڵ񽣱ĴڣƬ𣬵һƵ߲⣬Ǿһ㻷裬ֱûڡ
ͬʱⷽڣԶһɽϣһ׷Ϣĳ֣ÿһĻеһĨâ
ֻ벽ɣȴܴй߲ɫϣңܹȡǶ
ߵоâҲһĿⶨϡ
ˣ
ʮ֮䣬߲ɫԷӿǹ߲ɫһ㡣
ƬʶУʶе񽣱帽΢΢תһȦֱӿ֮ڡ
̼䣬𣬹âʢа߲âӿȫ
κһѰƬĳһֱת̫ľɿ߲⣬ʹüľһƵΪҲǸ
𣡡
ͻȻһ޺ˣԶһʮɳһ˫ͫɢɭɫâֱĶʮ죬һǳٶȳȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮǿԻгȴʮͷ޳֣ʼһֱǶȥ
ȻЩ޸Ӧ߲ʹĲҪ˺ȡ
ǰ벽𣡡
Ƶɫ
Сӣˣ
׻С
¡¡ģʮͷٶȿ켫ת۱ǳֵʮǰ˲Ϣʮ壬ĻɳУ볯ȥ
벽ѹʮһı顣
ﬣ
̶صĻɳУһ߲ʽâɹһС
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ʮͷеһͷըѪҲûܶݳһ߲ɫ⽣С
̳ΪһɢķռһƬͨǾվԭأһ߲ɫ⽣ȫɽƬɢ߲۶ɡ
ﬣ
Ӷе߲ʹ⽣һ̶Хһ߲ɫâ
۵һʮͷ벽Уһͷβǵը
漴е߲ʹ⽣һɾİ벽ȫɿȥ
Ѱµһ齣Ƭڳ˽Ƭ߲⣬߲ΪֻǴڰ벽ɾ벽󾳽磬ȴɲη壬׾ٵն
⡭
ƺͰ׻סˣȵİʱҲǲɵ¶ݡ
ʮ벽ͻȻ֣ɱ죬ԭǷǳʱһĻȴǽŴˡ
ʮͷ벽һȻת۱նͷ˻þĸо
ǣʩչ߲ʹԴʲôȻð벽ɼ׵նɱ벽
׻𾪡
ͬһʱ䣬Զɽϵİ׷е;âøŨȡǶܵǶΪá
׷վطںһûκβϢ
𣡡
ʮ崦ɿȥʮסΣٴγȥϵ߲ʮֿһԭʼ̰
˹ȥռ飬벽ñ֮ǰӻ
վԭأ鲻䣬е߲ɫ⽣Ӷ֮ʩչ콣
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ת۱ʮ߲ʽâԻһƬ꣬ɨܡ
һ̣ҽѪˮɽ˹ʮȫᴩ
󣬽죬е߲ɫ⽣ٴλ콣ǴƬĽ껮ͬʱʮͷ֣۵Уֱӽʮͷȫ飬ͬҲһ
⡭
Ƶ˵ۡ
ʮͷ벽ޣȻգۼͱȫն
䣡
ʱϷ𶯣ɫħӿ
һͷаɵħڿնѪɷħâǴӻĹǰħڳµĲڷڣ񼶵Ϣӿ
һʱ䣬Ƶٴʧɫ񼶣ȼݶУ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮ䣬ıҲǱˡ
ԽƬ߲Ϊնɱ벽ǿߣڣڣҲſһսǣ񼶵ݣȴȫûпʶе񽣱壬ʱȫ
¡¡񼶵ħݸħâƣȻҲǸ֪߲ĲҪȡ
ʮȫתۼǳ嵽ǰޱħâӿ
ҲʱԶɽϣ׷ƶĿħϣ΢һţһεϢʹⷽںһ硣
嵽ʮǰħݵݺһֹסΣըвһɿ־塣
һֱ̣ӵתʱķ룬תۼʧԶա
⡭ôͻȻˣ
һĻʹƵ˸һЩԡ
Ҳ¶ɫʮֲ⡣
Ҳû̫ȥ룬ħ뿪ΣҲʧˡ
漴ٴת̫ľɿ񽣵߲⣬ͬʱҲעܣԷ޿
Զɽ֮ϣ׷߷·ǿ㣬û˿Ϣ
Ŀңңϣ㾫â֯ʸ̤·
죬һ̣Ϣʧ·ûгֹ


1658 ̧
ȥϢûκ˲
ʱĶм䣬߲ڻƣ̫ľɿ߲⣬һ
ˣ
̫ľתɫ߲ɫ⽻һķռҫ
ˣʱţתۼһʱȥ
һʱʱ߲ɫʧתڵ߲âȫǿ齣Ƭʶе񽣳ںһʹ񽣱࣬и嫺͸µϢǿʥһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ľǿ࣬ΪҲ˲٣ﵽ˰벽۷壬ֻһСǿԿ뵽ɾ硣
һϢƽɨʶеǱ񽣣漴һγڰǰ
ǿ˲١
Ƶһ۾Ϳ֮ǰʵ࣬Ϣޱ
áЦǸ˼°ͷ
õƤžеرȻǽƬʵǸϲɺϡ
ͬʱҲӿ϶ˣȷ⽣Ƭ˾޷ȡ߽ƬŻǸͼƬһ˻ȡߣΪĹϵǺܴ
бһۣû˵ʲô
߰ɡ
Ц
ʱȡһ齣ƬΪҲ˲٣ܴܿﵽɾ磬Ǻܸˡ
£һʱ·ȥܿ߳
ȥģ
ʵ
һУһѰС̫ͷټ

еˣݣߴݣ󡣡
Ƶ
ȻҲ֪һ㣬Ѷȴ󣬵ܻҪҵġ
Դ˵ҲżϾС̫ӦöǷǳȫ
һ뿪ƬɽԶȥܿ߳Զ
֮תʱ䣬һ˳һΪǡĹųУ¹С̫ټȣϧûʲôջ
ȥط

һ뿪ǣܿгȥԶһԽʮɽ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʱǿӿ֣Զգǰ
Һռҵ׷ϣΪӵˣ
һ꿪ڣĿڰϣһƬĮ
ͬһʱ䣬˿˰Աߵ졢ƺͰ׻
ͬ飬֮ǰ
Աߵһߡ
Ļ졢ƺͰ׻ƫͷ
֮ǰͼˣͬһ壿
ʵ
ͷƽ
һЩǿ
׻˵Щ䱸;衣
վһĿٴڰϡ
ͼϣԲõĻᣬ
걳˫֡


ϻˣġеһ˿ڣһϮĿĮĵնߵˣԼȡͼɡ
䣬ֱӶˣֱһȥңһǿӿطһŤֱӱǽʮռȫ
⣬һ֮Իӭ˿䡣
ͷİļ򣬵ȫң֤µǰս
ȷȻֻɳڣǣ֮ǰͷɳڵĹǿ˲١

ʵϣʱȻϺƽȴЩءΪԵǰ㣬Ȼֻɳھ磬Ϣȴ֮ǰڶսͷɳҪǿ࣬ʹһɷǳѹ
һЦȺͷɳ޶ԵʱҲǿһЩ
˶٣â˲Ϣʧ㡣
Ȼô˵ˣȻʲô
쵭Цǰ
һ֯ӭԼӱøĮ벽ɣ
ৣ
ƿյ𣬴ĻӰ˲ǰֱӾһȭ䣬նΪ֮ҡ
һֱӱɣԶȻըķѡ
һȭһɣ
ƺͰ׻ǵɴ˫ۡ
ȻǰҲΪ֮ݡ
һߣͺһһ벽ɣȻһ潫֮еһɸ
䣡
ܷӿҪԶ۳Ŀϣдžɫŭ
ɼǿߣȻһ벽һȭǳ裡
ӭ˵쵭ЦֽӡӡһɫĵͼֱӳŶԷȥӡ֮֮һƣϢ
ͬһʱ䣬һͺꡣ
ǣһ
Ż䣬ԣƬ콣âԻֱնˡ


1659 
ϵĽ̶ǳת۱ͺǰǵĽʹϵľɫŨȻһвĸоͬʱиŭɭҪ֪ǿɣһ벽ɾȻǣǶͬʱֱ֣ǡ
նˣ
꺮
¡һâƵ𶯳ɹ⣬ӭնĴƬâ
ͬһʱ䣬һ֣ɼɨɱ⡣
ˣ
һߣ꺮ͺǿ˺ӡҲ粽ն졣
԰벽ɾΪһȭ޹⣬о裬˿̣ڹʱһͬͺһڹȦڣʹеĺŨǿ
һ벽ɶѣȻ̬ɣ
䣡
ⷭӿǳ£ͺһʮռڣգۼ鲼ɱϢ
⡭
Сӣܵס𣿡
ƺͰ׻ļ£ɼǿһ֣ǵƿЩˡ
վһߣûгֻǾĿǰս
¡¡ģǰͼն콣âȫ飬һֱ֣һƬա
ɼսǿһ̶ȣѾԻ̵ա
գۼ˵İΧȦУȴ˿ûб仯෴дտտâ
䣡
ɫⷭӿͽȻ
һ̣ǴƬĽâÿһ˫ͬʱˡ
¡¡ģӿƬһŤ
飡
ܼâ֮ȭţֱһȭգͬʱȭ֮¡
Сӵֱ̫̬ˣ
׻ۡ
ֻǰ벽ɾѣƱ֮һĳɶҪǿϲˡ
ȻҲΪȭƶݣɫøɭָݡ
ˣͬʱǿͨ
޾壬Ӳˣֱˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
𶯣һαǰӹȥ
ʱطձһδδ飬ر˲٣̳졣
˵ɫЩѿԽսԽ
һ֣ȥӵʱȴȻûܹһ벽ѹסڣûܹռݵϷ
糣⻷壬Ѿ˾ųһǲռκһ˿ϷֻǺ˶˸ƽ֡
Сӣһ˵סɣ
Զ׻˫۵ɵĸԶ
ʱ˶սȻûռݵκһ˿Ϸֻս˸ƽ֣ȴ𺳣Ͼֻǰ벽ɶѣɿǸһ󾳽蹵һһ˶սɣܱƽ֣˵ǳ¡
䣡
طں𶯣ɱԽ֯ÿһռڡ
һۣǰӹȥ
ˣ
â֯콣ӡͻȭһһչ֣ÿһǾޱȣĻսԽսԽ˳
ꡢͺ꣬ɫԽԽѿѾһӹȥˣɺûܹѹ°벽ɼ죬˶û˵죬ܡ
ˣ꺮ͺȣһĵâ̼͸Ʊǣһ˽
ʱֱӴ߶ǿɷ
ͺ˵ͷǽɷ˳
ǿֶΣ
ˣֲͬɷһѹ졣
һʱ䣬Ƭâû
ɱǳ
ǹˣлǰҼս
쿪ڡ
һӵʱ䣬һ֮սɣֱʱԼļսѾȻģһǳʶļսɱһɳʿǿȻȫ
䣡
ϵƸɵӿһ貵ͼȻֻͼ
һ˲ϢѣֻͼԼɵںһ𣬻ǿɵֻͼͬʱӭȥ˲ϢƬա
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ˵ɵǿɵֻͼײֻ֧Ƭʱѣ顣
ôܣ
˴ʧɫ
Ǽɼ򣬾Ȼһ벽ɸˣ
৵һƿȭɵֻһ
ˣ
պȭɵֻͼһ𣬽ͬʱɣһǴڿѪϱ鲼Ѻۣ·һͻ顣
Ҳʱٴһ۱ǳǰ
󾪣㡭
ټ
쿪ڣºһǻȭǿս߶ݻһһͷˣ֯һѹ䣬ֱԷ֡

ͲʵĲҽֱը飬Ҳһ
նһɣ
ԶƺͰ׻
֮ǰƬеĿɳڵ޲ͬʿҪһҪǿϲ٣һʿȻֱӱɱһһս£ɸɱֱЩˡ
ȻҲǲɵ¶һƾâ
ô᣿
ͺɫ
һ꣬ڵһɣôɱˡ
һ벽ɸɱˣ
ʣܿȰɰЩ𣿣
ǵҰУսԶԶ޷ͰɰϵЩᲢۣϾɰϵɾսԲһ벽ɿɱȡǣǵֻʣȴĲ
ڰ벽ɾ͸ɱɣںһս£ɱһˣʵЩֲ
ˡ
ƽһһӰһ˲ںǰ
һɫѿٺˡ
ϧѾ嵽ǰô˵Ļ᣿
ˣ
һ׺ӿ鲼һ磬š
ͬһʱ䣬һǿһ֣ʮ鲼ǳ߹һԲ¡
һƬƬָⷽؼ

̫ǿ£
ɵ֣
ǿ£ɵ֣еĺ꣬ϵľɫŨһƬͬʱʩչ塢̫򣿣ôܣ
е޷ģȴֱչֳ塢̫ţ̼䱻ȫס
㻹ǿλȥȽϺá

䣬𶯳ԣֱ֣ѹ¡


1660 ջ
ǿºɵһŲʥ⣬Ϣ
¡¡ģʮռȿµĴһŤ
󺧣һƴȫͨɷֵ
Ȼ̫ǿˣ̼ѹͨطɵ򣬶ƲƺƵѹ¡
סס֣
С
쵭ЦԲô֣ͣ
෴ܣøǿתںϡ

ҽаѪˮֱȫ߶±飬Ψûл𣬵ȴҲǲѺ̵ֻۣĳԶߣǾ֡
ֻһ˲䣬絽ǰн֯һöֱһ£˲佫䲼Ѻ۵ķ飬ʧƬ֮䡣
ڶɣˡ
ƶһ¡
ûȥãһ˶սɣȻնеˡ
̬
׻ĥ
оâŨĿǰս
һޣֻΪǿսΪܹͬʱǿºɵΪ֪ⲢֻݻǿºɵȣƻҪϲ١Ͼֻģ¶ѡ
ǰսУƫͷһ꣺ˡ
ĿϣһŶԷȥ
һӭƽӭĺ˲ವһһ⣬ֱѡߣΪʵǱסˣսǿҿһִ˵еʵ̫ˡֹˣʱֱʧȥս⣬ͬͺǰС
ٶȷǳ죬һ˲ǳԶ
ˣ
׻Ȼ졣
һɣһ벽ʱȻѡܡ
ô죿´ף
Ʒۡ
׻Ҳŷۣ
ǿ𺳣Կ϶һɳʿס죬ֻܲпܻȥ¼սֻ
û˵ʲôֻǿӶݶȥķ
ͬʱսУĿȻҲӶݶȥķϡ
ܲˡ
ƽɫӿһ̣ͬҵļ㣬һα׷ȥ
ٶȣ˿һЩ
ȥ
Ƶ׻ͰһȫУҲԶ׷ȥ
ȻʱȫڶӣٶȿľˣΪ׷꣬ǽٶȷŵļ죬ǣһʱ䣬Ǻ֮ľԽԽԶ
Ҳ̫ˡ
Щ
׻ҲԣǵٶٲȻ졣
Աߣû˵ʲôâԻƺͰ׻ٶͻ磬˲ϢԶܿȵĸ
ʹƺͰ׻Ķһٶȣǿ߲ˣ
СӵݣһӶǱ̬
׻ۡ
ߵķ羰ڷɿ쵹ˣǰɫӿ׷ľ룬ڻ
һ߷Ӷݣһʱʱ󿴣Լľ벻ϱС־ŭƴȫ١
һʱ䣬׷м䣬ư׻
ת۱ǰʱȥ
ʱǰ΢ڸǰһַ꣬ϵ¶ϲɫ
֣
ǰ󺰡
ǰλãϣַڳȥʱȻǸӦһܲͣλͷȥꡣ
ַ֡ΪʣڼٶУͬʱҲ׷һˣеһĨ⣬Ų΢һαǰ֣ǣ
׷ʱַ꣬ɵͣ΢΢һĨ⣬һ۾ͿַĲһ㣬Ϊھ硣
ͬʱʱ뵽һ㡭ַռ֣ǰЩʱ޹ʶҪɱļͬգѵǳͬһ壿
󣬰ƺͰ׻ʱҲͣǰĺַ꣬еҲһĨ⣬΢΢ü˺ַΪǴڡεˣɲǳɿɱȡ
ˣϼһѣоȥϼһǿܶࡣ
ü
ͬʱ׻ҲĿ΢Ȼǿ˺ַĲһ㣬Ϣܾˡ
ǰͣ˿Ժַ֣ʵ̫ˡ˵ţ죬˵ڱ׷ɱЩ򵥣ֻǰ벽ɣսȴԺᲢۣһˣѾСֿ󷽵İǸСһڱͼȥȫ׷أͬ顣
Ŷ벽ɣԻɱɳڵǿߣһռѣУ
ַ΢жݡ
ȷʵʵ˵⻰ĿϣһƬɭ鷳֣ȡԼڵΪǿ̧ѹ˵ţˣˣͻǽ
û⣬ӲˣֻַͬϰɨһۣϴЦ⣬˵ҷ֮ʱȥ壬׼ºʥ幫Ķˡ
˵ʥ֮ǧͽ壬һǿУһЩ佫Ϊʿɼ֮㽲ʵƣԴⳡӡ
ԣһĨͷ⵹ãּʵˣʥӽΪҲʵǼϲ£˵ѪʥӸǲѾǰɰϵδ֮ɾͲˣ˵ĺضޱǿ󣡡
⻰ԶеһĨ΢⣬ǰĺַ꣬˫۲ɵ΢΢˹ȻǸͬ壬ΰȻǺַڵļּҵʥӡ
ľ䵽һϡº󣬼ҪͽգȥϵĺռңռҵĹס
⻹Ǹջ
΢¶һĨЦ
῵Ե޹ҪɱȻŹԷɱԷǰ֪´ºƣͽǰϵĺռҶףˣڶԷǰռҵ;Уһڷɱ󣬵ʱֱӽԷɱ
ǰȻҪɱĺַ꣬Ǻ⣬ȻԷڣǰļսԵסԷǣֶοʹãҪɱڵˣѡ


1661 ֲһȭ
׷ɱռҵ꣬Ȼͼͬĺַ֪꣬´ºͽǰϵĺռҶΪƣѲЦǰ֪ϢֱǸɱ῵ľѻᡣ
ǰǧ⣬ּҵĺַЦڽ̸һ̸֮£ʱʱ໥άԵļ壬ȫǽһ˸ˡ
Сӣڽ̸Ͻ
˿˹Ƴ
ǰĺַڣҲ԰벽ɵΪסǿߣΪ̫ˡ
ķѱգ˵Ѿǻ롣

Ƶü⡭
@#ⲻҪĽɣ
׻ɫҲÿ
΢΢üȻû˵ʲôȴҲһ˿ɫ
ԵúƽĶǰĺַ꣬һҲ
ַ˵Ľ̸ֱȥʮͣ
ýˡ
ַ꿴һˣĿԵúܵĮ
ͼ֡꿪ڣӽֶԸˣԼˡ
С
ַͷ
䣬˾ֱһ˱ȥ
ַĿϣĿڰϡ
һһΣת⣬ַ鵭ĮһҲûУֱֳ̧ѹ£ûнУϾΪֻ̫࣬һ벽ɶѣҲܵסڵ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ֣ܽ֯ŰƺͰ׻ѹȥ
ѹƵʮ
أɻһʱ֮
ƺͰ׻ȻЩżĲȴѸٳ֣Գǿͨ
Ҳʱ̧֣ǳ򵥣ֱһַ
䣡
̼䣬ããƥȭ˱Ƶһȭգۼ佫ַͬʱУһɲǱʮռ䡣
ַ굱ɫҲû뵽һ벽ɾȻܺôֲĹȳҲ˶ˣ
ԱߣǺȻӭȿֲĺݺһ
ͬһʱ䣬ƺͰ׻ҲǸŶݣ׻ֱӵɴۣˣСڻź嫵
¡¡ģǰ֮ӿƺΰѹˣƺƵӿַ꣬ʥϡ
ˣ
ַУѹĹƣɿĳź󷽼ˡ
ֻǣȴѾ̫ˣתۺƵֱӽС

ҽаѪȺ嫵֮£˸޷⣬ǿڵĺַҲȫסһգۼǱѹķ顣
ɽڿٳռͨһȭɵһˣݣ
Ƶһ
ĿϣһƾâȻ֪ʱȴû뵽Ѿصõ㴿졣
ǰַ飬ͲйƮڿУһƬƬѪˮ
ģƬй䶯Ѫˮؾһ̣¾۳ǡ

ַʱ죬ŭɫɭȫû뵽벽ɼ쾹ȻֶΡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɫҲǺѿĿҲǱ鲼ŭ
ôζ𣿡
΢ɨӺַ꣬漴һȥ
뿪ɵеɽк俪һοռͨȳɵһ֮ǰַڽ̸ȫ֮ӣûжȴһֱڵɵеʹ֮ȭ֮ڣںַ귢Ƕʱֱһȭˡ
ǵԿɳǿߵһεֵͿס
ڳǰһ˿˵Ѿȫɥʧսһڽɶܽѹʱȫˣֱƹȥ
ӭַɫѿ
ߣ
ַҧкֱ룬Ϊڸղһ֮Ѿ˼صˣѾ漣ˣڸܵס벽ɾ졣
£ವƿֱӳԶɶݣһαǧԶ
һҲߡ
Ц
ٶȿ켫˲Ϣʧһ̱ںַǰ
ַ굱ֹסΣһߡ
ߣ̽գ¡¡ѹ䣬ֱѹգӴ󷢳죬رҳδӣһ̳Ӷ
৵һһʧһ̳ǰ
ļ£ɿվٴγˡ
Ҳʱüгһڰɫ󽣣Ϊʶ۶ɣһ۱ǰ͵һüĹᴩ롣

Ĳҽдݺݳ鴤漴һ˲ʧȥֱͦͦĵȥеɲȫʧ
ǻڣʶеȴǱʶֱնˡ
ɱĵɡ
׻ֹ
ǰַ걻ɱ΢һ£ٴγԶӶݡ
Ŀǰ״ֻ̬ܲпܻ
ֻǣ˵£ٶҲ䵽˵͹ȣȫȲ졣
৵һֻһǰһ丹
飡
һ죬ֱַӱߵڵأֱһؿڣ֮ȵѹڽŵס
Сֵܣס֣Ҫɱңһж
ַſģд˾֣±ɱ뿪
ǹųôܷŹԷ
ˣ
ֱַ꣬ӼһƱԴವûַʶУǿдӶԷʶºǰȥռҵн·ߣԴһ޼᲻ݵУֱӽַնֻһõǡ
ʱطֱӾ
ɳڵڵĺַ꣬뱻ն
һɱĸɣǡ
׻ۣ֪ôпˡ
ҲǳԾ漴˶ٺַʬ壬ˣ֮ǰǸ˵ˣ֮ǰַĶԻˣ˼ῺַΪͬ塣
ͷȻǣѾˡ˵ţַ̧֣ץУͷһһ֮ǰҽʥͻƵɾȥȻ󣬸ַڵļּҵʥһݴ񡣡򵥽Լںͼ῵ĶԹ£漴ֿƺͰ׻֮ĵرֱӸ
ǣͻƵɾ磬Ūǹյģ
Ƶ
׻ͷȸɵ˵Сʵûˬ


1662 
ںʱż֮ͰɰϵնһսǸʱ򣬼ῳǸطûκγԹǵһμ棬ȴǽ쿴һ㣬޹ʳҪɱ죬ʵƺͰ׻ܲˬ
ݺݵŰ
׻
ȻץּҺַͺռǣһǽкƺͰ׻뿪Ҹεĵط
£һ뿪طúʮһƫƧ⡣
ȥֲСеȴͨطϡ١
һ޽УѰһСɽߣӡʮƣɽڸɽڵһϢ漴ͰԾһǣʥַǣǵѪеĺͲ෨ǿǿΪ
ƺͰ׻ɽ߱ԵΪ˻
ˣ
ɽڣɲһ⽻֯Ϣˡ
âƣʥռǸǣȡеĴʹüľɿ
ˣһ۱ʱȥ
䣡
һ죬һ̶ڲը죬ɫӿ۳һ޴УֶУԵϢ˵㡣
ɽ߱ԵƺͰ׻һ
ɾˣ
ƿɽе죬Ȼ֪ϵɫΪɾ٣
Ҳʱɽڣ˫ۣϵɫƶʱɢȥ
ͬ²ǰ㣬ʥǣһմﵽɲΣ١ʱ˫ۣǿдɾ˳ʹòϵپֱɢ
һ󾳽һѣǵùߵġ
׻죬̲סۣ̾Ϣŵ
ȫԳ·ϵһĥͨʿһֻһ٣ȴһһε٣һһεľĥʵоһͬĸо
бһۣӵվһߵİʱ򣬰⽻֯ڼʥַǣϢڲ
Żһʱ䣬ܽʥϣܴﵽɾ
Ƶ
ͷȻܹоõ㡣
ֿ۰ƺͰ׻ΪԼߵһߣ˼ٵ£ɽ׼
ˣһۣһʱȥ
һ죬ⷽɽһ˵ܣʥȫַǣӰ벽ɿɾȻȻһâǵǳˣƺܹѹһС
ϲﵽɾЦ죺Сӿɾ˳񣬾͵Ŷˡ
â䵽ڣʱҲ죬Ȼ֪վÿһ󾳽綼ٵ¡
׼ˣ
׻
ˡͷȥһʺ϶ɽٵĵط
ٱضǻԵģҸǵķΧܹ㣬ҪѰһ̵ĵطɽ٣Ļ˴ȥѡ
£кƺͰ׻뿪طֱȥյʱҵһǳĸڣԸΪģԲڶ飬ٶԣһܲλá
Χҡ
˵
ɽٵ׼Ѿã׼ʵʵܼ򵥣ֻʯҵǰѰһö屶սıѡ
ö屶սıԼΪɽٶɵžԿԶȵĹⳡ١
У΢΢һ漴һţֱ̤ɾ
̼䣬˵һ죬Ʒɿ۶תۼʹⷽϿյĲһƬһ޴кʲ񷶥ˣҪһС
¡¡
̶н֯һѪɫһ
Ϣֱǡ⣬׻һ£ɾ۷ˣҲÿԿ
Ҳļ£ȻǸоⳡٵĿ£ȻΪİʱҲ΢΢ü
䣡
̶ϽƶѹֵϢ̼佫ȫ֡
վⷽڵģܵ屶սı£һ˲䱩屶ɫʮռ䶼Ⱦһ貽ɫ
ɡ
ŲϵĹƽ
䣬һۣ֮ޱһ׷Ȼѹ䡣
Դˣ˿ܣֱһȭϡ
屶սһȭֲˣһ׷ķ顣

Ų
䣡
죬ڶ׷˲֣ΪһƬӿ٣ƺƵѹ䡣
ֱӿգӲ׷ת۱ǽ֮ķ顣
䣡
ϣٴκڶ׷ŸձƬ̣µ׷ٴ¡
ƽ˿޾壬屶սɵ١
һʱ䣬¡¡ģը쿪Ϊⳡһ飬Ϊⳡٲֱ̮ȥʱ󣬴̶ǲټϵɫƻɢȥʧֻʣ»ȾѪϡ


1663 ɱ
ϵɫɢȥѹֵϢתۼʧӰ٣ɫٴα
ȾѪõĲӣվûֻЩѡ
ɹȥˣ
ĸ⣬лһĨâ
УԲϻرڵϢвѪˮ
ȹɴ٣ȴ˺صˣϾⳡɽٿǿֲĺܡ
ˣ
ϣһ߲Ʋ㻷ƶͷϿգֱͶ˿˿Ƶ߲⣬У̼ʹɵƷɿϡ
һ߲Ƶͬʱ̫ľתɿ߲ɫ⣬֮׳ԼľͬʱԼΪ
һʱ䣬Ͻ֯ɫâԽԽŨңâҲһƱǿ
ˣһۣʱȥ
Ӻ󣬲ϵ߲ƻɢĽɫҵһߵĳ̶ȣâҲǱúǿɳڵΪ߲úȶ
ȭȭһ׵罻֯оԼǿ󣬾ǺͰ벽ȣҲͬʱڵȣȴڰ벽ʱҲǿ౶ԼɼϢһʵķԾ
ܺã
лһĨâԵ˵ͷ
ľ磬Ժ۷弶ǿһսˡ
ವƿ𣬰ƺͰ׻ʱͬʱ˹
ǿ
׻ʱ⻹貵ââΪ۷弶ʿȻܹоâ͵âľˣ۷ǿȡ
һЦ³һϵĽɫ͵âɢڡ
뿪طҲɱ
˵
ﵽɾΣ֮ǰǧ޼ɱſԲ򵽸Ĳˡڽڴ򵽸κȻͻøˣ֮Ҫڴɱῡ
ƵȻף£һ뿪طܿڱȽϽһɽϿѰһ֮أֱӱչأʼһеǧ޼ɱ
ڴǧӾζжȫᣬ޼ɱǴɱΪɱɱ
ϥڵĬĬڴʱƣʱ˵ķ֮֯ʱк˵ɱϢӿһԻƺͰ׻ļ£Ҳ΢ЩݣΪڲķ֮ɱϢʵЩ£ǿɼ壬Ǹо˶ĺ⡣
СӣĶ̫ˣòƿµЩˡ
׻档
ȷʵƿкܶÿһǺܾޡ
Ƶ
дһƾâû˵ʲôֻǿ죬ĬĬһߡ
ˣ
⣬âӿ֯ϵĿռһƵŤ
ʱƣԽԽǿԽԽˡ
һۣһʱȥ
һºһ죬˫ۣһûֱʹǰһʯըŸԶһƬľҲű飬ľɢ䡣
ǿ¡
һĻ׻ɵ
ƿʵˣ
ˡ
ͷӵվ
һµʱ䣬ǧ޼ɱƿصɣȻֻɣҲԺֲܿˣΪڴ񼶵ǳ¡
ЦЦ漴кƺͰ׻뿪ȥ
֮󣬴Լȥҵʱ䣬ƺͰ׻һһԱȽϿտƽԭ֮ϡ֮󣬼ǰռҶףΪⳡƣǽطͨһǰǸּҺַʶ֪
ðƺͰ׻˿һЩֱת̫һ˵Ļӡ֯һǧƺ޼ɱƣһƵľ˷Ϳɲɱӿʮ
ʱתǴ¹ȥ
֮ͣ
ˡ
лһĨ΢⡣
µʱ䣬龧ⷽտƽԭӡʮǧʮ޼ɱ󣬵Ȼɱ󣬽ֻǧ޼ɱɶѣ˷ԲɵĿռ䷶Χ
񣬾͵żΪռҵ󣬼Ժݺݴ
˵СӣּɳǰռҸ֪˵Ǹַ걻ˣ᲻üּģӶı׵ʱ䣿
ʱ
ԣ׻ɵõ˵ͷȷʵǸ⡣
һЦһȫõģǴ£ǶԼּȴԣغ棬ΪһȥռҸ֪˵һɵ͸ı䣬ǸַԼּҶκӰ졣
ƺͰ׻ԣеǻһĨ⣺е
ڣ͵żΌˣдһʱ䡣
΢΢
ΣһŰ
׻
Ȼ

кƺͰ׻ʱ뿪ڲԶһط
ܿ죬ʱһΣһ¹ȥ
һ죬Բ߹Ҳ񷣬Եúܳңݱñƽʱ࣬һ֧ɺɵʿŻпԽ֯ﱻϣɹڣһɏCͷͽգȥ
ǡʮߴ֮һĽԴϵļּҵˣǰǸ꣬ǣּҵʥӼΰһǰɰϵǡʲô
˵ȥռҶס
ףּҺͺռңڣ˭˭ף
˵ǼּҵʥӼῺͺռҵĹס
Ὼͺռҹף⡭ҿ˵ռҹѪǳǰɰϵѪף˶ףǿǿϣ뵮˵ѪԴһøǿ
пܡ
ȺˣʮʮңЩɱÿһֵˣǿ߶Զ䡣һȺǿߣ԰ɰϵΪףЩɱͽǰռҶףų󡣡
Ҳּ֪ҪΪⳡơ
һȻǿĳôһϣͲ±ߣ
˭ȥǸּҵĶǿǽԴϵĵһ壬۷弶ǿϣ˭ǸӺͼּԣңȺˣΪ׵ļ῿ǰɰϵһȺǿ߸ţô
⵹Ҳǡ
ۡ
ּʮǿԼΪףϺͽǰռҶףΪⳡƣһʿڣʿɵøһߣд𺳣Ϊų
ܿ죬ּһȺͽգﱻ˦ǰһտƽԭ
Ӵˣּˡ
ʱһг
ǰĿտƽԭϣ֣ĿڼϣϴŵЦ


1664 үүүү
һʿۣĿȫڳڿտƽԭϵϡ
⡭˭ȻҳǸǣǡ
𣿣
ˣ
Щʿʵţڼżּһǿǰռʱ򣬾ȻֱƺΪˣǳ˵ˣ
ּҵʮǿ߸һĿⶢ죬ȫб˵ɱ⸡
һϮ£һżּʮǿǰռҶףƣνݣĿʱ죬ȴǵ
㣡
ɭǰʱ֮һδλˣһֱǵãʱһֱҳնɱϧһֱûҵȴ룬Ȼʱطһμ졣
ҡ
һЦ
ƵҲ
ƺͰ׻̳֣վԱߣƿż῵
㻢үүҲ
׻ŵ
@#Ƶţүռ˱˵ģ
ԳǼ῵ĵ׻ֱǼ῵үүⲻԵǰ׻Ķôֱĥ
׻ۣС֣һ¶⣬ͱƽС¸
ƣ@#%
ܣһʿĿ࣬ƽԭϵƺͰ׻Ӳûиɳֻһһ컹Ҫ裬˵һǳ˵һһֱǳ˵ˣȻҳǼ῵ĵүү
ΰүүڴˣ
ʱֿڣôһ仰
@#С˵
ƺͰ׻ͬʱƿڴ
ôһ仰ıȫռˡ
֣һ¶⡣

׻@#
ⲻղź˵Ļô
бһޱ顣
ܣһʿʯ졢ƺͰ׻һ˫۵ɵĸֻǰһֱǵûˣȻῡ
ǿǼ῰ߴݽԴϵĵһּҵʥӣǰɰϵЩһ¡

ּҾʮǿǸŭɱֱ˿ˡ
Ҳʱһɭ𣺡
ԶˣӴ̹ǱһƬգҪֻɱһˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ֻһת۱ͳڿտƽԭ֮ϣһ˽ǰֱֳ̧һץ£ܺƵ
һ˲Ϣʮռ䱻ȫսǿɼѹӿѹһС
Ϣʿһǿѹ
Ǽˣˣ
ʶǿҲɳڣεסɣ
Ȼ֪ΪҪΰΪȫѰ·ǡ
ҡͷ
ǰռ῵ĴѹͷɭɱǣҪ
ŨϢˡ
ӭһƣȻǸо˾޴ѹһвϾֻΪԷȴǴɼΣ߼Ϊʵ̫ˡˣȴǲҲܣʱֱ𣺡Һ෴һٶȽ
䣬һط̼ҡض·綼߽⡣
ⷽɲǼ䱻һɻϢǣԲڣһƸֲ֣֯ķ֮ɱ֮˵˼㣬Ҫѹĥ顣
ģǧƵɱǿ߻Ӷ˵㡣



촫̵ձôһѣֽһ㡣
ۣ
ĿѪˮ俪῵ĴֱһɲɱУһʱǱ鿪漴ͬһɳȥһʮĵرϡ
ʥӣ
ּһ˵ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ܣһǿǸȻ
⣬ǣ
ɱ󣿣ɱ󣿣
⣬Ϣ
ɱ⣬񡭡зڵƣпµķڲ
ǡ
һʿ̲סտƽԭϵɱϢͷ֮ŵˣֻоǸطһ˲仯һңǳɱķ
䣡
ɱУܳԵվ𣬱ֱ˲ؾ۶
ǰط̺ɱͷ󣬹ＤǰҽɱͷУ
ɭоܵɱ֮ͷ֮еĺøŨܹ׵Ĳµطɱͷ󣬾ǳ֮֡
ЦΣҧң
Ż䣬һֱӱǴƬɱ⳯żѹ£ɱ


1665 ɵ
ͬ²ǰ㣬ȷʵǹＤԷԷ뵽úõǧ޼ɱ֮ڣ󷽱ȴֱӿɱԷ
䣡
ƬɱѹΰⷽһʱƱã˵ɱ𶯳ա
ɫһͺɼٴӿݻž֯һɫУӲµĴƬɱ⣬֮ϵڡ
῵ĳžȻܿ£ɱⶼֱӸûˡ
ǰɰϵķͿɲɱУȻսֱǡ
ĳɾͱض̫ǿˣ
ʿļ¡
ʱƽԭɱ֮ҲӿƥЩʿоٲȻǻնһУǣ£῾ȻƬɱûսʵЩʿ𺳣̫ǿˡ
С֮ΪʥʲôˣΪƾһЩСıܶԸʥӣ
ּ˺
տƽԭϣĿɭоŸɫкʣ˵ķ֮ɱ֮һ죺ʼϣʲôıƣı䲻ϵʵ㲼õɱУǧУ
УŸƨںʱСı״Ѫˣ
Ʊġ
⻰һطһʿǶݣĿ붼ϡ
ΰ֮ǰñ״Ѫ
֮ǰ
⡭
˳Ծ
ּһ˸ɱⰻȻ
СҪ޻ԣʵںܿЦһּƾһϣҲ˵ɼʥӣֱǻ֮
ɾ˲ļˣղļô˵ģ۾ϹûŲȻ㿴ˣǹҲᵱûϾʵǺܶˣһɱһɸɻˣǻңֱһͷȥײﻹϣֱһŵ
⻰νǺ棬ζʮ㣬ļּһ˸ɱŨ
ɱУգĿϡ
棡
ϵĺɫֱӳϯȥʱҪȻɱơ
ɫмĲŤգˡ
Цһɱѹ䣬ӭϼ῾ƵС
ʱֲɱƵ͵ļֱӽ῵ĺɫȫն顣
ǿסһƣ;ܹгкˣ̫ˡ
˵
Ż䣬һⷽտƽԭϣиԻǿķ֮ɱӿǻĹǰķɱɽ˰㣬ֲˡ
һʱ䣬Ƭسױɫķ֮żѹ䣬̼ʹü῵Ӿζж뱻ңͬһʱ䣬˵ɱâ嫺һ£ɱֱӽ֮С
һɫٱ䣬ʮŸɫУķռ䡣
ֻǣȴٲȻͽͣӾζж뱻ǧƴ£ʮŸɫеܴۿֻۣɲǼͱɱ飬ǵȺ嫵ɱ⣬ֱ֮ϡ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬һΣֱӱ飬ȾһƬա
ʥӣ
ּһǿ߸һɫͱ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬һʿǾ㤣Ϊտԭϵķ֮ɱͻȻǶĲΪɰϵֱӻ𺧡
䣡
ɱڣӿѪӿһ˲ٴؾ۳
ϣ
죬øɭں֮һΣ쵱һ˵潫֮飬оޱ衣
ϣ죬ҪС
Ц
Ż䣬Լˣһһתǣطǧ޼ɱ󣬽֯ɱ⣬ῡ
һֱӱɣѪˮٴκա
ЦԷ˿Ϣʱ䣬ٴƵɱѹĥ֮ƣżΌϡ
ῺǿΣǰطӡʮǧ޼ɱһʼʱֻһǧһ޼ɱʱ򣬼῿Ӧԣܻɱ⣬ڣֱӿʮǧʮ޼ɱֱʮķ֮ɱ֮ӣƣȻǿҲõѪù
ۣ
Ӷ֣۾ɱâȭˣһɱȭâֱӽΏ
῿Ѫؿڱһǰ͸ѪһѺ۱鲼ϡ
ɱ㣡
ɼܣֱӸֳʮһɫУԻ֮ܿһɱâȥ
ȻһЦǣ޾ɱ֮ͷ֮ӭϣῡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һʮǧ޼ɱĺ嫴֮£῵İʮһɫиֻ֧Ƭ̣Ǳȫ
Ҳʱ৵һǣ֮ɱ֮ڼ´ǰһȭ䣬ķ֮ɱ֮ͷڼ῵ϡ
ۣ
ѪӣһΣ῱ֱӺ
Ѫ֯Ų⣬˿δֱӺʮɣʼؾ
ᣬһתƿطǧ޼ɱǣķɱƺƵٴѹԷ
ңͬʱüķ⣬һնԷ
ﬣ
ֻɲǼѣǳڼ῵ǰȺ嫵ķ֮ɱ֮µٶȻҪֱ࣬ն¡
ῳƬâһĻ
һ̣Ļһ˲䣬鶯ݣӿ𶯳һʶ񽣣ӭ

߶飬󣬼ῼʶҲɱâ
ۣòϣ῵ǿڱʮǧе£ǰֻתۼͲֻʶƽ⣬Чʶ֮顣
Ǹʱ򣬼ûһ㣬ֻԴֱӴڣ¶ԷɣҲضܴ󴴡ϾʿԣǺͱԴһҪⴴһǳµ¡
ߣʶٴԴķ֮ɱ֮ѹ䣬Է
¡¡ģƬռֱӱȴһ飬һ̮
ɵأ
𶯣費âʱؾ۳ֱһ𣬽žתޣžеһݻһֱʮҵĺɫУ·Ŀ̵һ㣬ӿš
ûã
Цһתĸ죬ǣӺ嫵ķ֮ɱ֮һɱǺѹ£һ˲ῳľ޴ɫУһٴνɳȥʮԶʺѪɫʮ


1666 ɱս
ĿѪˮƮڿУῺɣǱ㡣
⣬⡭
ܣһʿΰɼǿߣԴϵһּҵʥӣɰϵȻңαĺѪ
ɱ󣬼ֱֱǡ
˶¡
ʱ򣬿տƽԭϵķϢɱϢʵ̫ŨˣѹһУһУطʿֱ
䣡
ɱⷭ𶯸죬Ϻ嫵ķ֮ѹʮѹһС
ڴ֮Уһתø죬ͨâƣһһӰƵķ֮ɱ֮ͬķ籩һ㣬ĳżѹ¡
ۣ
嫵ķ֮ɱ֮ڼϣֱʹüһը

῵ͺ겻಻𣬷ɿؾ۳
󣬺¡¡ģ⣬ޱߵâӿ֣֯ɵϢҲֹһɵ֮࣬գۼʹʮռ䶼Ϊ֮
ܣǿʢŨķ֮ɱ֮ɵƬ
㣡
죬ĿɭƵɵķ֮ɱ֮пٵ·սħһƵǰɵžݻ֯âĺɫУ֮֮ǰ˲ǿʢʮҪռ䶼û
⹷յģȻôʵǺܿ£ôŨķ֮ɱ֮Ȼǿиܷ
ЩԾ
Ͼǰɰϵǧ֮ڣܱߵҲһˣǲ£ǲ
׻
ڰɰ֮ǰǶѾǴ֪֪ɰζʲô
˵ɰϵˣǾԵ
ûпڣֻǶĿǰտտ֮ڽ֯
ܣһʿһĻĿϣ˲ɵҡͷ
ȥ֮ǰƺǺͼųԹǰطӡ˿µĴͼ֮ϮɱΰϧվǲУʤɰϵ𡣡
ǰɰϵɲǿЦģô׶Ը
һЩʿ
һߣּһʿЦв
ʥǶܰˣ֪֮
мּǿߵ
䣡
տƽԭϣɵӿĿնɵžУƺƵĳֶ¡
;Ϣ˲ѹʮ
㲼µֶΣֻʧܸգ壬ֻ֣
ɭ
ӭŶԷĹһƬƽǴЦ̫ˡ
Ż£һ̼䣬ⷽһδ𶯣иʱֱӿʮǧ޼ɱ󣬺ʮ
¡¡ģɲķ֮ɱ֮ٴɽ󱬷
͵ģ˲ϢѣῺƵɵ飬ݺһ
㡭
죬῵ɫѿʱĸоⷽؼķ֮ɱ֮Ǳÿֲࡣ
ȻһЦһƿضʮǧͶʮ޼ɱֱݻһͨķɱȭâһȭżȥ
ֲĴţֱӽջһ޴
ۣ
һΣըѪˮĽĿġ
ɱøֲˣ˶ٴ󣿣
һʿԲɵô󺧡
ڸղţῼɵ򣬿סƽԭϵķ;ɱɱ죬Щ˶ΪȻ׼ȴҲǵסΰϾ῿ǰɰϵ𣬿ʱһĻЩֱǺݲ
ͬһʱ䣬ּһǿȻҲǴ󾪡һʥӼɵԭΪ쵱ǻ̱նɱķչȴԤеȫһǵʥٴα𿪣һαɼ
䣡
ƽԭ֮ϣʮǧͶʮ޼ɱڣ֮ɱ֮Ǻһ㽻֯ƽԭϷԲڵķΧУѹһУһУʲôҲ޷̵ɴ²̮
٣귢ͺ𣬷ɿؾ۳ɫһƬͶ
ৣ
ƿ֮һԦʮǧ޼ɱʱֱӱǰڴŷɱĴһȭ£طضҡݺһȭڼϡ
һ῵Ǻɣ󱻺嫵ķ֮ɱ֮ûһը鿪ֻʣ걣ĺãϯɿ顣
Ļ˵գĽֻ
Ц
һ̣ʮǧͶʮ޼ɱһƵΪ֮ˣƬڣֱ޵е֮һжѹͻ
ۣ
һȭ£ʮɾһ֮ɱ֮ɵĿֲȭ⣬῵ͷ­ķ飬ԽѪˮһУĿġ
޸ʱ䣬ֱһȥʶݻƺƵѹΰٶȿ쵽㣬·˿ռľ㣬˲Ϣ£ʮᴩ῵Уûƻ壬ȴֱ˶Է֮ϣ綾л

ῴŭĲҽУݺݷֱʮ֮˴󴴡
Ҳʱ޾ɱ£ٴνѹһƬѪ

귢شȴʮֿɲֻһ˲ѱǾٴؾ۳ɫһƬǵ㶢졣
ԣǸ
ЦɼΪ߶ǲһμⷽڽ֯ĲӰһǰֱӺƵ޾ķɱѹ䡣
£һƬѪˮٴκɣ鲼Ѻۣҵ㡣
飬ٴѹϣ籩ķɱѹ¡
桭ѹǸΰ
طһʿƤӾ
ӣ
ּҵһǿ߸ǾŭӣŭѣУʮǿߵǶˣǴɳڣƵź˵ɼѹһγƽԭ֮ڣһ칥ɱȥ
ǸоƽԭϵķɱĿ£ʱ򣬿ԼһʥΣգǺܽʵǣǵʥӶǵļ̫ҪˣǰɰϵδĳɾͲȻǴﵽۼҲǷǳпܡˣҲܿǵʥطѡ
⣬Ҳţƾʮɵ𼶵Լһʥӣ֮£µķɱУҲɱ졣
䣡
Ҳʱ嫵Ϣ𣬰ˣһ޾Զһ¼ּʮɣһƬ׺𣬽֯һƬƬѹʮˡ
ǡ
⣬ǡ壿
壬ʮ֮һǣǿǺųơųʰ
ܣһʿһĿڰϣȫסˣζû뵽Ȼطһ˵е塣
䣡
ʮɫĮ֮ѹ˾ꡣ
۵ģּҵʮ뱻ɣڿѪ
ʮԭɳڼǿߣڳⷽƽԭϺ󣬶ʮǧֱӱǽǵսȵҲֻܿڼˮ׼һȻܵסɳڵİ壬ϾЩ˿Զ޷ͼȣȫ֮𣬲ǰ㣬ڱ˵£żǿս
ģ㡭
ʮסΣŻ֯âİŭ־ŭǰʱǻǣʹ޷ȥΰǣǰ֮˾ȻǴ˵е塣
飡
һߣһԦɱһνΏĺɡ
ɼѪˮٴνա
ŭһƬĶ죺㣡һ㣡
ԣ
ȻһЦǲ΢Σһǿǰ̧־һ䡣


1667 ӡ
¡¡ģһѹ£ɱϢǵȳֱЩˡ
ῺХžɵһʩչݻžеһͨӭϣŷǳ˵Ϣ֯ǿһС
Ȼ޼ɱȻҪǿײ֮£ῼİͨת۱Ǳһɶ
ۣ
Ʋڼϣֱӱǽ῵ĵķ顣
ʥӣ
ּҳ뵽ƽԭڵһǿ߸󾪣ĳżǸطȥ
ƽ𶯣ƥâƵʮռ䣬ϢԵ
ּҵʮɵһʱֱ£뱻ĺɡ
ÿ
˺
ûʲôȻʮȥɱΰâøǿǿᣬһâԲ䣬ڻɱ
ǿԵ֮£ּʮΪܵǧӰ޷ȫԳưһһεı˿ȥ
ɱȻٳȥʥӣ
һŭ
£ʮɱ쭣ȫͨĹ
ʱ䣬ʮɱܷӿƺƵĳŰѹȥ
ȹɿ·ǳ
ıûʲô仯ɵĮڣһӰվɣһٶȰγһ񽣣ֱĳʮնȥ
וּһ̶Ľſɲֱӻһռ䣬Ϣˡ
ּҵʮǿȫѪɣѣǰһ˸ǵըΨ걣ȴҲǲѺۣ־ŭĳź롣
ҲʱƬƽԭϣ޼ɱڣԶȫɱ῵۽ɨˣһֱһƥɱ⳯նȥ

ĲҽУ˵굱Ǳɱѹķ顣

ɱɱһɣ
ܣһʿɵһ
䣡
ƽԭ֮ϣɱܷ֮Ƶǿʢǳ
ּҳʮɱɱһˣʣʮˣʱǱøӾŭһŭһ߷񹥻ưȥΰնɱ
ֻǣﵽɾ壬ʮ˾ɼǿߣڱطǧѹ˵£޷սù
һλϣ쿴۰Ǳߣȫס˼ּһɣǵȫڼϣӿ񱩵ɱ֮ĳżѹ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ĺڼϣʹü῵һδα飬ѪˮһδεĽ

ŭҰһһδκϢǿʢ
ʹ򣡡
һǿ絽ǰһǣɱ⣬ѹԷ
ͬʱҲòݣʵںǿᣬڶʮǧѹ£ڶʮ޼ɱĹ£һδλ飬궼һδδ󴴣ȴʼղɢϢǷǳǿᣬһ㣬Ҳ֪ȼּطʮǿ˶ٱһ죬һڵء
һʶ˰ɰϵжô򵥣ǳ
ȻЩ΢µĹȴ˿û£Ҳ˿飬޼ɱһĵ֮£ɲɱ⳯ŶԷѹ䡣
ۣ
һΣ飬ѪֱƮܡ
ĶûгٻԷκ޸ĻᣬһǳŶԷȥ
¡¡ģ絽ԷǰֱдƬɱⱻǣƺƵĳŶԷѹȥʮռ̮
ˣ
飬괫ŭգ۱۳漴һ貵ıڳһӡϱ鲼Ĺӡһʱзǳ˵ϢӿƺԽһжѹ
ǡ۷弶
ܣʿݡ
ƺͰ׻ҲǳԾӡƵϢʵЩ£̫Ũˡ
һߣҲжݣȻǸоǿķǷ
ּҵһǿ߼һĻ¶ϲɫ
ˣʥӻڽӡѾҪΪ׼ӡڣһж⣡ӡʥӵǿʵնǸɵӣ

䣡
ͷӡƵƱ鲼һƵɱӿǿ˼㣬ʹϵղϲпѣȻ飬ˡ
طһƷ֮ɱ֮ӡ
ϺƵâǿʢɵžһ߶ڿҪﵽ׼εӡԾ֮ɱ졣
͵ģǿ֮£ܵ޼ɱ⣬һı顣
Ľֻ֣
Ŀ졣
Ц仰ԭⲻٴλ㡣
£¡¡ģطʮǧ޼ɱתʱ䣬֮ɱ֮ٴαǣʮء
῵һͬ뵽һ㣬жޱȼңͬһ˲౶۷弶Ŷ
ͬһʱ䣬ܣʿٴκȻ𾪡
ﲼ˶ɱ󣿣
˿ڣֻоอֱð
ּҵһǿΪ֮ɫ
ҲʱսУ춯ˣԦʮǧ޼ɱɱԴȪһǿ絽´ǰĳŶԷ
飡
һ죬ֱ絾һɣԶը鿪
ǲԷ˿޸Ļᣬ˲ٴα嫵ķ֮ɱ֮һѹ£ŶԷԼڵѹ¡
ǵȿֲķɱⷽռ䲻Ť񷶼ɫ
ңͬһʱ䣬ΥתرɾΪ߶һѽ῵ĽӡץУǿ۷弶

귢ŭһߵֵ嫵ķ֮ɱ֮һ߶ӡ콫Լǿűߡ
һʱ䣬ӡз𶯣ȻΪ῱ʮǧ޼ɱѹƶԶԶ޷ӳȫȴɺܿ£ʹץڹӡһɹɾҵʹƺһ̾Ҫڹӡ
ߣ
ԴˣЦץŽӡֱӱ貵ɫ⣬ӡһʱȫݻȸɫͼ֣һûץŵĽӡ֮УӡƵ
ʱ͵ģһ΢ӡڵļµʶӡһƱԴӡĥ𣬶ֱϴԼʶӡɲǼ佫۷弶ΪС
ģ
ŭ𣬱ֲ֮ɱ֮޸ֲ֮ĳ칥ȥ
ЦܣһԦʮǧ޼ɱӭϣͬʱֱʩչոնĽӡʹ֮һʱ䱬ɼѹѹϰ˻֮ƣͷԷ


1668 նɱ
嫵ķ֮ӿɱ֮һռ䶼𵴣һʱ佫ĺɣ̵ɼֱӱãѪˮٴκա
ͬһʱ䣬۷Ľӡ֯Ŀ£ֱ´ǰѹ¡
£۵һӡڼϣֱըǱҡ
Ǹ῵ɼű֮ɱ⣬⡭
ܣһʿԷ
ּҵһȺǿ߸Ǹɫ䣬һʥӣ
СӣɵƯֱŪ
ƺͰ׻ûвսʱվԶеڼ൱Ĳˬ
¡¡ģǰսУĿĮһһӰٴαΰڶԷո۳ɲǣֱһȭ£ȵڼ῵ؿڡ
ۣ
ǿһȭٴκ顣

ŭ귢⣬ɿкɫиһԡ
ߣһǿ˹ȥһǣʮǧ޼ɱӿķ֮ɱ֮Էң۷ӡҲͬһʱתٴγŶԷ䡣
ǿǿϣɱǺ˵㣬һûг޸ãֱӭӿһѪֱӣ궼ĳѺۡ
ﬣ
̶ǳǣطķ֮ɱ֮콣âն콣еһϬĽ˲ϢֱӴӼ῵ᴩʹüϵѺ۶ʱ࣬ͬ֩һ㳯ӡ
漴粽һ䣬л֯ģѹڼ῵ϡ

ŭҽУӻֱ֮ϣֱ˾޴Ĵˣʹֱӱ鵭һ̾Ҫʧһ롣
Ŀ飬ٴѹϡ
ϣ
˻һӿƵǰĺ˰˲Զ
ʹ΢ٴΪ῵ǿݡʮǧ޼ɱѹɱ£һδĶԷش£ԷȻشɢǿϢ˳ȥ˲ԶսòϺܿ£۷弶ǿߣҲԲǶ֡
ȶֻһ˲䣬һ̣ٴ¶ЦٴγԷȥ
Է۷弶ǿ߻Σʮǧʮ޼ɱ֮£кսȽԱס
䣡
ƵӿڼϣٴνῺĺɡ
۳һƬӵ߳㡣
ĮֱһƳ嫵ķ֮ɱ֮һɱӳż¡
ۣ
Ὼɣٴαķ顣
ڰֱῡ
ɲǼѣ۵ģʮֱӴӼڴʹü῵Ѻ۱ø࣬Ҳø鵭һʱؾ۳
ΰסˡ
ܣһʿ΢
ּҵһɼǿ߿һĻǽ˼㣬ǿ񱩵ĳ
ڣּҵʮɣʱҲĳǧ޼ɱУȥ֪ƽԭϵķɱж£ҲûκԥʵǼῶǼּҶ̫ҪˣǼּδϣ
٣Сϣ
׻Ц
ģ
Ƶ
ʱ򣬼ּʮɳ룬˲䱻ǧѹ䵽ڣǾڽ۷壬ٲȻηʲôһαǳ˹ȥǿӿһʮס
ģǹ
ʮŭ
׻ЦԲֻǹʮּһһɡ
쿴۰׻ƵսȫҪʲô漴ԸӿĴѹΰɱϢӿܵĿռһı顣
飡
῵걻ɨɣϵѺ۱øˣҲ鵭ٴܴ󴴡
ֻǣȴʼղ𣬻ޱۺ
Ŀϣ֮ɱ֮ںϳһɱʩչ콣նķɱ
˻߶žݻУֵ
ϧȴ˿Ҳãķɱն˲УƺƵĽ֮ûֱӻգһСֱӱ顣
Ҳʱٴǰһ貵ͼֱ
һʱ䣬ʥ嫺ϵϢһƵɢ
ֻͼ
һֻͼֱӳż῵ѹ䡣
ȻǸоĵֻͼĿ£һ˻Ѿ鵭ޱȵȼһ޴ĺɫиֱ֣ӭֻͼ
һʱ䣬ײԣ޴ĺɫǿסֻͼ
ɱңɱң
죬Ŀ
Ŀ䣬һɵӿֻ֣ͼУ˲Ϣ۳ǿɵֻͼ

һ죬ɵֻͼ۶ῳľ޴е顣
㡭
ĿŭղŵĺɫУѾȼһɱȴȻͱˡ
ĮһɵֻͼƺƵѹ䣬ֱӽ֡

³ôһ֣ɵֻͼ𶯣ĥ̰ѹһŷŭͲʵĲҽУֱӽ῵ѹķ顣


1669 Ҫ
ѪˮƮУ㴥Ŀῳױ飬Ⱥ

ãŪ⹷յˡ
ƺͰ׻Цоʮֽ
ܣһڹսʿǸɫ
ɱɱǸΰ
ʿķ
ߴ֮һĽԴݵһּҵʥӣɼǿߣɰϵôնɱط
ּʮɺʮȫסˣʧһ㣬÷̲ס˻
ʥӰ
ɱɱ
ּҾطһǿߣǰȫˣһʥӣδϣȻ㱻˿ɱǰ
ɱ
ʮȫʱס죬ɱ񱩣ƺͰ׻ȥֻҪɱ졣
Ȼʮǧ޼ɱطǸΪȻƴȫҲƲˡ
ʹһڼּǿ߸ӷ˫۱øӳ죬˵Ұް㡣

գҼּұȫ壡йصȫն
Щŭ
һ䣬𶯣֮վӰһ׾һ׵зɳճһֱͨӽһǿߵͷ­ᴩڵҲһĥʹöԷؼ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬˹콣һʱնƬĽɫ⡣
ɱ˼ּʥӼΰͼּҵĶԹǲ壬ЩҪɱǣȫ壬Ȼ顣
ɫ콣âնٶȿ켫Ҽɱ⣬ᴩ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
£ּʮǿֱв˺ɣȫǱᴩڿѪ
ͬһʱ䣬嫵ķ֮ɱ֮ӿѹ£ֱӽһɼǿѹͬҲһٵ
䣡
һߣ֮֮ɱٴνһǿ
Щɺͼһ磬սȴ޷ͼȣ̫ˣڱǧ޼ɱѹ˵£ͰɼǰǴ
һߣƺͰ׻սּʮǿߣȻҲռžԵϷʮɶǱʮǧѹƵ˽ڣǾڽ۷壬սҪʮǿ˺ܶࡣ
ˣⷽʮǧʮ޼ɱƽԭ֮ϣһ޳֣ڼּʮǿ߱ȫǾԵѹ֮ƣûñǽȫն
УǽʮһȻǳڼҲǼֵܲƣǳˡ
ƺͰ׻һȡһģպ󽫴ͥΪͥԴ
콫ⷽƽԭϵǧ޼ɱȫɢȥ漴Ŀطһ֮ϡЩǼּռҵ֮Ϊ֮ðϣῺеһڼּǿսЩǱʱһ֣⽻֯䣬Щȫ˹
ͨԴĹűֵɼǿ߶ҲдãתԪֻҪһڣ۶صˣ˲κȬ𾫳ļѱġ
ƺͰ׻˫۷Ź⣬˵ÿһļֵǺܾˣóκһۺ졣
һһɨĿеһϺɫ֮ϡ
֥ԻɵΪֳɳĿӴɵƬֻһ꣬ñСͬʱɾˣ
׻Щ
֮ǰ֮ѰĹż˽һЩżڣЩ񱦵ļء
콫֥˦׻Ҹεĵطһ
䣬ɨطһʿ漴кƺͰ׻뿪ճԶȥת۱ʧʾͷ
ƽԭ⸽һʿĿһ뿪ȥıӰͬǶ˻㣬һһ죬ּʥӼΰɰϵżּһǿǰռνǷޣȴǱֱӿɱطеļּһǿȫ𣬴ȥΪ֮һﱻȫߡ
Уּʮɺʮɱɱ㲻ʲôϾּΪһߴϵǿ壬ڵɼǿߺɼǿ߻ǷǳģʮɺʮɣʲôӰ졣ּҴȥռҵ֮񱻶ߣҲ㲻ʲôЩ䱦ֵˣּǵȻﴫô꣬ڵĵ̿Ǿ˵ĺܣı١
ǣ῱ɱ¾̫ˣüּΪ֮Ϊ̫ǷˣѾǰɰϵδĳɾͿ˵ǲȻ۾ҲпܣȫǼּδϣڡδϣȴǱնɱؼ䣬ڼּҶԣһԵĴ
ͬʱΪ῵нҲΪ֮ڣϾɰϵǿĿһﱻ˿ɱ벻䶯С
Ҫˡ
૵


1670 ˷ƶ
һ뿪֮ǰƽԭλãٶȺܿ죬תۼгԶԽĹŴɽһȽͨͣ£Ѱһεɽ
֣طһ󣬽ɽϢȫ
Ǿ֥ҺͰͷΪǻ

ƺͰ׻ͷȲתԵĹž֥
֥оƬҶӣÿһƬг˰ưС֯ŷǳ˵ķ㣬һһʼʱޱȻӿ
һʱ䣬һһ⣬ǿʼǿΪɿ
ͰĬĬվһԣһһΪһһ
ͬһʱ䣬ɱ῵ʱͬǳ˳ķ㣬תۼ䴫ݣϯн磬˴ʧɫ
ˣңǱһնɱ
⡭
£῿Ǵɾ磬ǰɰϵһʿôɱ˼ΰҴİɣ
ҴģĿһս˴˲ٵʶӻǸ῱ʮûı˸ɱˣ
ʶӻҿ
ڣʿʼ£һʿ϶Ǵ𺳵ı顣
ǸˣݰڼȥռҶ׵;ɱ󽫶Էɱ⡭ʲôʲôް
ּеʮǿҲˣңȥռҵĶ֮ȫߣֱǡ
һɰ䣬˭½ɰɱ῵ˣ
⵹ǲᣬֻǾɾΣɱȫʮ;ɱۼսɰ񻹷ǳңԶ
ɰȷʵңԶǸ˹ƻΪעصˣϾɾΣȴҿɱɰϵɼ𣬶󻹳ɹˣˣǵʶıֶεȣԲһ˿ȵˣպһɳԻǸǻǳ£
⻰ǲ٣
ԽԽࡣ
У𺳣ҲĲϾ壬ųܳʣһ벻˳ԾУøΪ֮ݡ
һΣּҹҪˣǸΰǼּδϣڰ
ɲǡ
ңεҲͬʱüּҷǳˣԼһɼʥһǿȥռҶ£ȴ;˽ɱʥӼڵȫɱռĶ֮Ҳ˾ߣֱǡ
ꡣ

ԴݣһƬ嫵ɽȺڣּҡ
ּƬ嫵ɽȺڣʮռ񣬳Ƭĵһ𣬽ǽ̻ԻͣŷǳɣϢ֯Ҳ֪˶ôƾõ¡

һ죬һ˻Ӽּĵһڴ῵ĸ׼ּҼڵ֪῵Ѷ󣬽ֱһѪ˹ȥ

Уּһڸ߲ǿҲۼҲ֪˼῵Ѷ˫ĿѪ졣
ɱһҪɱɱǣɱйصˣ
мּҸ߲ŭ
ῶһʵ̫ҪˣǼּδϣȴ㱻ɱֱնǼּҵǰ·Ǽּҵδ
䣡
ּ嫵ϢӿһӰ֯ѹͺɱ⣬һ޾ԶƬ񷡣
棡
棬ץסץסˣǧУɱȫ壡
ּһڸ߲ǿߴ

ݣռҡ
ʲô
ռΪǿļ֮һʵӹɣʱ῵ѶȻּǰ񣬵ڵһڸ߲ǿȴҲΪ֮ɫ
Ͼ῿˵Ǻռҵ׼ŮǺǿ׼ŮδĳɾͲ׼Ůһ׵;УȴȻ˽ɱһӰҲǷǳֱӴһδĹ滮
ңǷ˰
ǸҲͬ
ģһܷŹץסǣȡŹͼɱǣ
뼸λ֣
һĸ߲ǿ̹ǡ
ʵϣһļǿ˿Ѿ֪£Ϊһļԭڵż῵ĵȻûеȵΰȵǼ῵Ѷʱ򣬼һļ߲ڽ̸Ȼʱ򣬺ռɹ𣬽֯ɼѹһ˲ǳռ壬ʧԶա
Ϊ˶ᵽͼΪ῵һҪ֡
ͬһʱ䣬ϣһƬܼ֯ɵɽȺڣһձ֮ϣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
죡Ǽһȫû£ڳˣһŮ¶һһ־ô鷳ȻּҵʥӸɱˡ
һǼּҵǸʥСȣСһ㲻ôɣԱߣһͷҲǼѣң׼Ҵ˸СҲڣͷ׻СǰᵽһŹͥڵҪԱ
ѽ
Աһֻѩ׵СһǼ
죡
Сһ۾ǳһԹһ̼𶯳ɫ⣬ʮضΪ֮ҡԱߵŮ˲Ϣʧԭأһɹ㳯żԶȥ
һ죬ڼΪݵʱ῱ɱ±ǴһݣнΪ֮ڣ䶼£ʵǣһɰϵ䣬µӰ̫ˣң⻹Ǳһʿɱ

ݣһڵһɽС
ͰվһʱķȻһ֪ĬĬһΪƺͰ׻һһ֥
漴һۣµʱȥ
ºһ죬ǿϢⷽɽڸƺͰ׻֥ʱɾΡ
໣
׻ûȥʱ䣬ѾɾʵǺ˷ܡ
ȻҲǺܸˣȭͷԼǿ
ˣ߰ɡ
ʱ
ƺͰ׻ط֥һδͻƣûбҪͣطüѰС̫ټ
£һ뿪֣ⷽߵ硣
󣬲ûйȥ೤ʱ䣬ķں۱Ǵһ˶С
Դˣһ˿Ҳ⣬ɰϵļ῱ɱӦķӦ
ǵСһЩˣּҹѾ񣬻߾һ׷ɱǣУռҲضŹǣ壬ɲܹ⡣
˵
ͷһ㣬Ȼ֪
뿪֮ǰƬּԶ󣬺ַܿƬɽȺ
䣡
ʱԶճһɰܣѹͺɱ⣬ֱĳ


1671 
ɼѹӿǿʢű̹ǵɱ⣬Ĳ񷶼ҡ
ͼƵĲ
ּҵɱˣ
ƺͰ׻Ǳɫ
ߣ
ȻҲǶݣӦɼѹڼźͼһϢкƺͰ׻һ𣬳ѹ෴ķɶݶȥ
῱ɱּҵʱ֣ΪɱǶΪҲܵסǿߣһƽضֻһ
ǽٶȷŵķǳ죬ֻһ˲ǿȥԶ
ѹȴһٶȱƽڲС
ʹһ˵ɫʮֲÿ׷ɱ롣
䣡
ҲʱӶݵķǰһѹֱĳǶϵƲǵѹķ顣
һ͵ֹסŲɫʱøѿ
֮ǰĺռЩһѪϢһҲɱ˳
Ʊٴһ䡣
Ͼ׼ŮˣҺռұϣûɲ֡
׻
ɫޱأкƺͰ׻һȥ
ǿһɱȫ
ʣһ޴ѡ
Ǹı䷽һȺ֮ǰǸλϣһһϮۣкˣһһۣɱƺһɱ㡣
ֶ֣
Ϊռ棬ʱź߿ڣ˶٣û˵ȥ
Ϊּ棬ɫ㣬ɱ纣һ仰ҲûУһ˶ߵķȥǼּʷɫţ˰ɰպĳɾͲʹּҵʵǼּδϣڣȴǱƿɱʹǼּ½
ռȻ׼ּ飬˵ʲôżּһ׷ȥ

һ˷ɶݣʱѾǿԽʮɽ
䣡
䣡
ѹѹ𶯣Լٶȱƽ
Ӳˣ
ҧ
ȻҲɫܲÿֻǲɾζѣǿߵ׷ɱΪȲԷٶȡ
ֻǣȻˣҲֻ٣ɿԶݣܾʹ
ܺѹԽԽ漴ּӰͺռӰһ˵ҰУ֯мΪϢӿԲڵĿռȫգֱӽǵǰ·ͼƵһ˲òֹ
Ķ
ּɱɲֱֳ̧䣬ͬʱҲһУϢˡ
ǿڳ֣ǵȲ̫ˣܻһУʹһ˵ݺݵһ
ҧһʱǿɵֻͼżּĴֵȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ƺͰ׻һ֣ԼԼǿֶΣӭϼּһơ
䣡
˫ײӿʮһ̣һȫ飬뱻ּһƳĺɣãڵһʱ
ȥϷҪһǧУȫ壡
ּ
Ȼղһƣûȫ
ҧк϶Ѫ̫ɿת޸Լơ
Ҳ˵ļأɫǱüΪ԰ףϢ˲˥㡣
ּĿϣ̹ɭٴ֣̽ѹȥͬʱҲһС
һʱ䣬¡¡ģӿɲʮռȫȴ̡
ռվһߣĬĬĿţûж֣Ŀɨ죬ڰϡɱΰһδĹ滮Ӱ첻СվѾΪʵı䲻ˣȥǼּʥӣǺռҵĹжɱԶּŨңʱǰϵĹͼ
ɱһҲ֮ޣ
ּ涢죬ɱ˫ĿһƵѪ˿Ǻ͸죬޲ʳѪ⡣
ѹ£ѹʮ졣
ܵ𵴣ֻѹ±ǾٴοѪʵǿ̫ˡ
ȻҲǲùʹ
һ̣һ˲ϢּĴѹ䵽ͷϿգϢӵĿ¡
ݲԷĹƣ󲿷ֶǳѹ£ǰʹڱǽǲɵѪҲھʹƺһ̾Ҫ顣
ҲʱԶոһ貵ɫ⣬ɫɽ㻮Ʋ񷣬˲Ϣǳǰһʱ佫ּĴ顣һɿֲˮư㵴ֱڼּϣһ֮ɳȥԶ


1672 С̫
ѪˮڿУּɣʱط˶Ǳɫ
ǰɫɢ¶һֻѩСޡһͷһŮ
쵱ݣ¶ϲɫⲻһֱѰҵС̫Ͱˮˮ𣿣
ԱߣҲݣû뵽ȻʱС̫
ѽ죡
С̫˵ĺܣǰ
ֿ꣬ٴμˡ
Сӣ㻹ţ̫ˣҲǸˣʵ¹أû£ӦҲû°ɣ
ģ
С̫Ҳʵ
ˮˮܸˣʱҲѯ£԰½أ
¿ǳ羴ĺܣϲĺܡ
û£Ѿصɽˡ
Ц
ʱʱһֱѰҵС̫ˣҲǺܸˣص鶼
û¾ͺá

±̫ȼһ߻δ֪ڣС̫ˮˮЩһֱѰµټϧʼնûջ
ԭС̫ʮŶµλãһ룬ֻ壬¸ǿĿֲŶƿ֮壬ӦҲݲµĵΣԣҲֻѰҡ
컹ţҲû»صɽȻǷ
漴죬ĵСӣӺǱȾѪһ㶼ģһֻı飬ֿһߵİƺͰ׻Ӵ׼Ҵ˸磬Сþòͷá
þò
Ƶʱһ꣬ʮĹѣҲǷǳˡ
ӣү

ҵСǣʲôϵ
һͳʱ𣬺ռҵʱ򿪿ڣĿڰˮˮϣͬʱҲһɨ졢ơ׻С̫
ţС̫Űˮˮ֣ɫӿһּѹĴּ֣ɣݣ󣬵ˮˮʱ΢ݣΪˮˮԷļռҶҪǿһЩΪԭ򣬷û˵ֱʱ򣬲ǿʰˮˮ
䣡
ͬʱԶһܣּ˻
ʲôˣּŭɨطͻȻС̫ͰˮˮĿڰˮˮϣҵСʲô
ң
ˮˮߡ
Щ΢ռͼּɶǿߣ˻Ͱˮˮ˵˵ˮˮǿķݾԲ򵥣
ѽ
ԱС̫Сһ￴ȻȾѪɫܲ԰ףɫڣٰˡͬһʱ䣬ɫ⽻֯ƺͰ׻Ҳһ֣ʹһܵ˶ǷǳٵĻָ
ɫ壬΢Ȼһֱ֪Сһɫǳǿ󣬵ʱСһɫԱǿ
ԭּܵػѾûԶˣɴ˿̣СһɫŸս壬ʹ˺˴룬ʵ𺳡
棬ּ治һϮµİˮˮĿƶС̫ϣС̫֯ɫ⣬ʱ֪֮ǰԼɵľС̫
һֱ̣ɱֱ֣̽֯ܣƺƵѹ죬ҲС̫ơ׻һסΨûж԰ˮˮ֣Ϊ֪ˮˮڵļǿ󣬾ּɱ˰ˮˮˮˮϵļԻּҲݡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģӿǿʮռһα̡
쵱ɫ֮ǰΪñС̫Ͱˮˮܸˣʱȴ˵ǰΣʱżּ涯֣֮ǰǿѹͬ˰㷭ѹʱͷһ
ѽ
ҲʱС̫ǳ˵𣬶ʱ䵴һƬɫ籩ϯƬأ۵һּ̽Ĵһθķ顣
Ѫˮ½䡣
ʱطȴˮˮС̫Լ⣬˶Ǳɫ
Сһ㡭
Ծ
֮ǰּ汻ɣ֪С̫ΪʱּϾûκηСһʱ֮ɣһͻϮ޷ΪһжСһﵽжǿ
ʱ򣬼ּڿС̫³֣ȴǱСһˣСһֻᶶѣǺεȿ£


1673 ɫ
ԾʵǱС̫ʱֳսסˣֱ̫ǿˡ
ƺͰ׻ǴʧɫΪһĻ
죬͵ЩΪҵ¹СһѵõĺΪٶȼֱǿЩˣѾΡ˵̲סп۵СһѪʵЩ¡
ʱ䣬밲ˮˮС̫һҲںŬͰˮˮȴֻǴﵽɳڣС̫ȴѾ߾磬̫ˡ
ԭʼʱĲ̫ˡ
ˮˮֹ
ʵҲͨˣǺС̫Ѫȣȴûпɱԡ
ĻеľɫøŨС̫ȻѾﵽ
ҲΪС̫׽ּˡͬ磬СһѪ֮壬Ҫ˼ּ棬治ʲô¡
Сһ
ЦſͬʱҲůůġǰʱСһһֱǺȻѪ֮ȴһֱɵ±̫Ϸ֮Ϊҵ£ȴʼ̶ڴﵽǸжǸˡ
ѽ
С̫۾ģɫⷭӿһƵӿڣʹƸϣͬʱҲһ߰ƺͰ׻ˣԻָĺܿ졣
棬ּɫȻαһֻС޸ֱۡ
ңŭǣС̫ȫ
Σվֻһͷѣ㻤ԼҲҪ
ɭ
Ż䣬һɢһĲϢӿֱ鳤գҲ֪ȸղǿ˶ٱڼΪɡ
ֶʵʹϧ֣ҲЩౡ֮ռҲǿʢӿ񷶼ΪҡǴڣֱ̧۴С̫ѹ£ֻСңֳֶ֡˵ţɨһеİԼּҵˣ֮󽻸ңһڹͼҪ׷ء
䣡
ֽ֯âˣʮת۱䵽С̫ͷϿա
ּɭŭͷһ죬ܷܣϢˡ
ĹǰǧУйصˣ

˵ɱͺ⣬ܣȫС
üһѹƵɵð
Сһȫס𣿡
С̫
ռΪüּܹڳֶԸСּ̫ʱٴιڼǿһ֣ǹǿ£طܹˣҲΨС̫ѡȻ֪С̫ҲŴﵽӵС̫һԻˣȴǲɵʵ
ѽ
С̫գգ۾СԴһǴƬɫ⵴
¡¡ģƬɫ⻯ɫˣϯʮѹأܽһж㣬תۼѹռͼּǰĥ޾ա
ͣ
ͣ
촫ּͺռȫ𣬶ɫƲϣֱӽɣдĿѪϡ
ʱ䣬ǳԾСһǿ󣬾ѯСһǷͬʱסּͺռõСһ϶Ļش𣬿ɴ˿̼һĻ̲ס𺳡Ȼֻһڵǿߣôˣսֱ̫ǿˣûܵס˰ɣ
ԱߣƺͰ׻ҲǳԾ
ôСС㣬ôǿ
׻ԲۣӲû
ʱطҲΨаˮˮƽΪС̫жǿС̫ᶶڵĺռͼּ棬һҲ⡣
棬ּͺռסΣԿѪ϶¶ݡ
ֻСޣ򵥣
ռղŹС̫û飬Ѿ߳ɵʵǣȴȻС̫һĥܣ֮ˣʵͷһɾ֮С
Ǻȳ
ּ溮ĿС̫ϣڵѹһȫ¶
¡¡ģʮɵӿʱڵȫҪնС̫ѹһˣҪһǧС
ռͷ˶ǴڲΣǺһ𷢶ɵɱӦÿС̫ҪӰȡŹͼ
ʱһҲּͬɵֱӱȫ
ɱ
ּ溮ȵʮֵɵĳС̫ѹȥ
ռȻûԥżּһʩչʮɵɱ
һʱ䣬˵ɵศɣʹøԵϢø£ƿɱ졣
¡¡ģƺҪѹ飬ʵƲ̼ȫɢ
ʮռ䣬ȫ𣬴ؿʼҡͬǷһ˵ĵ
ӿС̫
ѽ
С̫ĽٴᶶǴƬɫâɢǻɫ籩
󣬽֮ͬǰһ㣬ּͺռɵɱֱӱٴαɡ
⡭̫ǿˣ
׻˫۵ɵĸֱ
ҲֳԾСһʵ̫ǿˣڼǿߴ߶ȫ˵ʮɵһɱǱСһ赭дɡ
ڣ԰ٷ֮ٵĿ϶Сһ£Ŀ޵ˣֻаɰϵЩܹСһ￹⡣
Ҳ𺳣ھֱ֮Щ˷ܣקȭͷС̫Сһɵϲģֵǲ㱻ϻŪǿ˳С̫Կɱ˼ּͺռ档
ðߣʲôֵ
С̫һҲ⣬ƵĻ󣬿ѪһӱǶԼּͺռ漫ȲҪˡ
ѽ
ƫͷּͺռ棬ԵЩһһ˫ֱɫ֯ӿƺܷپֱӳżּͺռѹȥһ˲ǽ֡
ּͺռŸոմӱסΣӭȿֲɫ棬ǴŭܣԳɵ򷴻Ȼ档
Ȼܿ죬ǵľŭ׻֣Ϊסǵɫ̫ˣȻչȫҲȫסɵ˲ͱյķ
漴ɫʼȼǵͱԴŸҲűյ̮

סס֣ס֣
˷ҽУ߾ȫ޷𣬺ռ治ɵÿġ
ȻС̫ǿĺܣԸջ

ҽгͲʣλڵϲϵķ
漴ʮ󣬲ҽʧּͺռӰȫˣֻʣ̲ɫٻڵر


1674 
̯ɫҽڵرּͺռӰʧӰ٣һʱ䣬ȴˮˮС̫Լ⣬졢ƺͰ׻־
⣬ǡ
׻˿ҺڵǿߣȻһգۼͱ˸ֻ̯ɫҽڵرһĻֱЩˣĲ
΢£ܿعСһԴ
Сһǿĺܸˡ
ѽ
Сһ۾ģԵú̬䡣
ɫ⽻ֹ֯ȥʧ졢ƺͰ׻ȫκãľǻָ۷塣
Ϊơ׻Ͱˮˮ໥£Ϊ׻С̫໥£Ϊ֪С̫ģòܡ
ˣȥҼҰɡ
ˮˮ˵
ͷЦȥͦһ㣬ʲôͷӼּͺռ԰ˮˮ̬ˮˮԺǿ󣬲塣ͬʱҲ˳ЩС̫ӦöǴڰˮˮ
ݵһɡ
ˮˮЦ
һ߲䣬壬ҡռҺͰңŮڵİңȸҺͺռҶҪǿһЩʵݵһ
ƺͰ׻ɵþȣȵİҲǲɵЩݣϵĵһ壬ȷɲС
ͷ󡣡Ц˵̩ݣɱ˽ɵƽӣһΪΰ㷴ӦҲûУļйذɣ
̩ϵĽƽҪַˮˮˮˮŭһٺ֪ڸģѰŵǿҪǿа߰ˮˮҪɱҪɱйصˣһŭֱ֮ɱ˶Է
֮ԭΪһܿɱţϾɱ˿ǽƽ̵Ķӣƽ̾ԲưոݲŶԡȻʵϣ֮󣬽ȴǸû鷳㲨Ҳû
ʱӦǺͰˮˮļйˡ
ˮˮЦʱĳ˵ˣ뿪󣬼˸ǿ߰ڸңȥתһȦ
Ȼ
ЦŵȻװˮˮеġתһȦʲô˼ضϽȥˣʱ˽ɵĵ֮һɲʮְûκεĶΪҡϾߴϵĵһ壬ǿɲ̩һССĽܹǵ𣬰Ը⣬ɳһǿ˽ɡ
˵ţһնڰˮˮ·£طȥ
˰ŮޣСӳ֣ҷֵǴǿȥˡСӶشƵƿأС̫үүǿΪǿԽǸط
ͻȻ
⻰ˮˮ죬ǰһȷʵпܣ
Ҳ֪漰شƵشƺóʶ
ʲô
档
ԱߣƺͰ׻ҲǶɵÿˮˮ
ˮˮҼǰһܹϵܹâڷ裬ǳȴʼսȥǿҸӵĳ֯Ƭ⣬ǿүүڰ벽񾳣Ҳ޷룬С̫˿үүǿһЩȴҲֻǴת
˵ţ죬¶âЩŵ㲻ǶشƷǳóشƵƿټүүС̫ǿΪĿԽƬڣŷǳ˲õıȥȫڳ
⻰쵱Ȼ
ȥԡ
˵
ȸشƵƿȷʵǿȻһЩǿ޷ƿĳУҲʲô¡ΪȻǰǿɲǾԵģϾûκ˵ǿùأȻҪƽȻĳ򣬺ܶʱҪصļɡ
ȡؼɡļߡ
ǼӿЩٶȣЩϵҼңүүһȻ̶һǰƬȥ
ˮˮ
á
ͷ
£һЩٶȣֱĳȥ
С̫ʵǿռŻƶģûرеʱȻҲҪôСһʱſԴϣǰԴԼһ㣬һӡ
˶ǴɾٶȵҲǲܿ뿪֮ǰĵطԶ

Դݣּҡ
ʲô
ʱ򣬼ּĵڴһŭãã񷡣
ôܣ
վʮּҵĸ߲Ǵڰ벽ʱ鶼־ŭֺڸղţЩּҵĸ߲ӵػõļǿߵԼһĻƣڷˣĻȫϨ
Ԥʾţһ棬ڷ֮䡣
治ȥѹǸǸͬô
ô£
ס׷ʲô
ǺǸйأԵģĶζҪɱ
ļλ棡
ǰЩӣǼּʷǿű˿ɱҲŭļҪˡ
ͬʱͬһʱ䣬ϵĺռҲ𶯣оŭĺХ𡭡һ֣ԼһȥˣƳ׵ı
棬澹ȻȻ
ô
ǺȺй𣿿ǡôܣȺУ˵ǿҲɾǻӦֶΣ
ռһȺ߲ŭһǿߣȻʧȥˣֻ
Ҳʱʱţ῱ɱϵϢ˸Զн֪£ʿΪ¶𾪣۲
ݣ˶øӷڣݵǿ׷֮ϡ
ҳټȻ֪ң
ƬݵĳɽۣһȻݵһʥն֣ɰھʮλ𣬱֮ΏҪǿһ
Ͽɱ˼῵ϢֱӴ¼ҵһǿ߿ϣΪڲǰϣУҪժͷ­Ѫܡ
ǣʥӣ
һȺǿ΢һһ۱ʧһ㡣
նɭˣмŨɱ֯ϣһʧԭء

һڰˮˮ·³Уһɽ˦
ܿ죬Ÿʱȥ
Ÿʱʱ䣬һɼٶȣҲ֪й˶پ룬ʱǰһ嫵ɽȺŨһΡɸУһձڷڸ߿գǺܲ
Щˡ



1675 𾪵İ벽
ʱڰ֮һʱǿƬɽȺķǷֻŨʮɽǽΪһ֮ƣ˵һԵĸأӵ
Ӧ˵ݵһ塣
˵
طӵ̡
߰ɣǽȥ
ˮˮ
ڰˮˮ·£һ˺ܿǽ밲ڡ
밲ң̨ͤ¥࣬꽻𣬿ӵ㣬һַǳʵĸоһַǷڽ֯
ˮˮһˣܿ֪ͨ˼߲㡣
ܿ죬ʮ֣Ϊ׵һ׷ͯյߣΪһǿ棬ˮˮүүڰ벽񾳽硣
СѣѾͷ֮ǰ㣬ӭͬ͡
ĿϣЦ
ԱߣһڴҲڿ죬ͬʱڴˣжǴһƾâ
СһֻΪѣܿɱɰϵ𣬵Ǻܾˣ
ߵСһ壿ܲչǿһ
ЩĿͰϣɱһɰϵԾڰҲ⣬Եú顣
һһӦУܿһӹȥ
ʱˮˮ򰲼óشƣȥǴ
Ŷ棿濴죺СѵظȺó
ͷ˶ٵͥ¥Ŀ겻٣Сɡ֮Ʒֲܹоʮž֣ʮžĵľľƽʱʮž֣Ǻһ𣬵֮ܣǶһʮžڵĳЩؼλãݻɱĿ֪˵Ŀɶԣ
⻰һʱݣһڴҲ¶ɫ
ڵĸ֮ƣ˵ɽһλظзǷϵʱİһãʱʱ䣬ܹʮžֲ֣۸ӣһСظ֣ɱʮַ£ȴ룬Ÿոսǰңһ۾Ϳ˳о衣
СѵϷˣ
̾
һ۾ͿڵСظ֣룬һǿҲ
Ҷ˵ˣشһڿǿĺܣӦñȵΪǼ岼СظֵǸ˻Ҫǿܶ౶һܴǷˮˮôүүλϣ̾ȥƬɣ
ԣɫలˮˮԴЦǲСѺǸյϢһգǰ˵ţ죬СΣ֪Ǵ£ˮˮӦú˵ˡ
һЦνģͰǰ˼
ǺãգСѺСĻǾϢһ£ϷΪǽӷ硣
Ц
ҹڵƻͨһϯԻӭһˣͰһڴ㡣
ΪǰҹˮˮѣΪ˱Ժܲ
֮ˣǺ˻ӭ
ˣһҹʱܿȥת۱Ǵ峿ʱ֡

ҵǰˮˮĹڴǴ
졢ơ׻С̫ͬУֻаͰˮˮǰڼ˺ռͨһ˾ֱ룬תʧԭء
ڰҰһ˲䣬ٴθ֣һ˴ӿռͨпһ޴ԨԵ
ȥԨаɿޱߣ¿ʱģס
Ǵ
ʵ
Ԩ֮¡

ͷ£һֱԾ𣬳Ԩ֮½䡣
ϣ죬¹ȥʱһ˳Ԩײȵʵʵĵϡ
ԨºܿտżɿһЩľ·ܿԨµĶϴһλϡ
ȥǰɺܿտһƬɫĹڣǣǰһЩλϣȴǿԿһɹڷ裬ʱʱݣʱޣǳءңȴЩɹ⣬зǳ˵ĵâ֯УŨĺܡ
һʱ䣬ȴİ桢ˮˮС̫⣬졢ƺͰ׻ǲĶݡȵطһۿȥܿ򵥡
涯֣ǰնһɹ⣬Ӱ벽񼶵ĲһƬռ䣬ܿһĹϣֱӽնɹķ飬ңһʲƷأ֮һƿµĺܡ
̧֣ǰ벽񼶲֯ϷصĹ顣
⡭
ǹʵϣƺЩ¡
Ƶ˶ݡղţһǺǿ󣬵ǹʵϣȴûκЧǹ飬ҷһƿµĹƳأʵܿ¡
濴죬ЩεĵϾϷ벽񼶵Ҳ޷ƿǵϣѡĸλͻƣȥֻΧת˵ţ죺С㿴ܲа취ƿϣ뵽ȥ
ͷǰһĿǰĹϣн֯ƹ⡣
漴һȥ˶ٺƸ֣֯һĹ漴ָᵯƽ֯ɵһֱײǰǷϣʹù΢΢Ļζ¡ĹСǴһ͵һ鿪գۼʧӰ١
ʱͫһ¶ɫ⣿
԰벽񼶵ǷϣʹκβңпµķءɼһָȴʹǷʵϻζһ£ңûпµķأʵ𺳡


1676 
ʵǱıָסˣɼΪȻʹǷƥȻϻζûпµķʲôֶΣ
ԱߣˮˮƵһˣҲǲɵΪ֮ݣ¶ɫ
شƵȻ
ˮˮзŹ⡣
˿̣ȻֻʹǷȻ΢΢һ£ûн֮ƿȴҲɺܾˣϾ벽񼶵үүԼүүǿһЩС̫ɶȫκβȻϡ
Сѣа취ƿ
ʵ
ʱȻô죬ȴѾġ
ԡͷҪǰİæһЩ˵ţһߵС̫СһҲһȸһ֡
ｻ֯һǳǿӵĳ򣬸ۺһγһȻĴȻһǿ߶ƿеһЩȴǿԴзֽϵĸӶƿһ˿϶С
ȻϱϾܾˣ֯еĸܸӺܰ磬ΪҪеĸԲ
ԣý벽񼶵İԼС̫Խ֮ƿ
Ȼû⣡

˵ţֱߵԱߣһӣԴԴӿû뵽ڡ
С̫˫˹ϣɫⷭӿٶɸ졣
ʱ䣬ֻоԼһɽ鱩˰㣬ӿҪű
һ漴ٶ˫ѱٶȽӡƵһʱ佻֯һͷͷȺһ㣬ǰȻϳȥǰȻײһ𣬲Ϸ͵졣
һʱ䣬ȻϾҵĻζϾʱЩЩ࣬ңǽ벽񼶵İС̫İʩչ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һȻ𶯵ĸƬ̺һѷ측ֶ
ѷ측ȻϺĻ̼øʹһ˸оӾ˵͵âȫ͵âɵĺ㡣
ɹˣ
澪ϲ
ԱߣˮˮˣҲ¶â
ͷߡ
С̫ȸԼİתĸ죬ƹ⽻֯һ˻һͷ˲Ȼϵѷڳ롣
һ̣һ֮ͨǰѷ촩ϣȻϵһߡ
ȥͬȻǰ㣬ĿһƬڰڣһɹɴɳķ˾Ƭռ䣬λãŨɹ͵âӳ
ˣ
ˮˮ˫۸ˣܣϵı˷ܡ

ͷ
Ȼϵѷٵĺ£תۼʧ
Ȼϱûƻֻ濪ѷ촩еѡ
ʱҲڿɹ͵âȷʵǺܻ񣬷ǳľˡ
Ǹط˲õر
׻˫۷Ź⡣
үҲôã
ƿڣҲֱֱĿǰ
ߣȥҪ˺սƶһ̱ɫݣָ޷˺գն⡭ô£޷˺ѿռ䣬ҲУ
˽ǶݣǱ޷˺գǷ˺һ㲢ǣһ㣬ʱȴǶ޷ˡ
ŵŴƬӣ֯ص׺У˶٣ƬռȻΧһҲǽ֯кܾ˵Ȼ򣬶ңΧȻҪǿңӰ죬Ҳ޷˺պնС
ԭͷһ˵˲Ȼ˶٣ǣͽɡ
ֻˡ

£һͽУƬɫȥ
أ
ƬռڣһһķǳңصƮпУСڷڿһ㡣ңͬʱȷҲŲٵĳɫɳϷǳ
һ壬ȼдɳķ˸ɳǰУһۼйʮ롣
ҲʱǰһƬʯ֣ĵرʮڰСıÿһ걦֯ŷǳŨϢɵ

춯ݡ
һַǳĵرÿһ궼̺мΪ˵ɵƬǿ߶Ҳǳ䱦󲻽ֱΪһʹøǿɵĸӦǻһ


1677 
ǿǰʯִʮж¶â
ôķϵʯִȻô
˷ǳԾ
ŵӣ΢΢һ𣬵ʹõرһʮֱгƬ͵âŨŨһƬնϵɹâٲ
⡭ص̺ô͵âЩΪЩâ
ݡ
˵ͷȻˡ
ôˣֱɣ
ˮˮ
ԶԶԣϽ
׻Щ
ôʮ졢ơˮˮһС̨׵Ϊ
Ǿǡ

ͰԼС̫Ϊǻֱߵǰʼʮⶼǿʢ֣һ۱ǰ¡
ºһ죬ֱӳһǿϢΪ뵽ھ
ͬʱԱߣһȺͻƣǴﵽڡ
̹
ĵ
΢ȭӦԼǰ涼кԵĽ
ܺã
лâ
Ϊ֮³ˣȻǰ벽Ҳס
طɴһɳķˣһطͣһ£漴ǳƬռȥɹâŨŨĺˡ
֮󣬲ûйȥ̫ʱ䣬һ߳ȥ˺Զ
ʱнһɴġƮһ˶ǲɵöݡ
ֻͨϵǿߣйصĶܹɢĳ
⡭ǿ߾ǰǣصر
ü
⽻֯һԣƻƣֱӡķ򣺡ǿɢĿԣ̫󣬾ųϵļʣйصĳֱɢ
ϷҲôãⲻǿɢĲĳصıɢĿ󡣡
ڰ벽񾳣Ҳ߱һЩ΢ˣܹоĳطϵʿɢЩͬ
ˣȥ֪ˣ
ˮˮ
ͷ£һٴγƬռλöȥ
¡¡
ͻȻ𶯣һͷ޴ɳ޴ӵص׳ףǳ¡
Ȱ벽ˣ
ƶݡ
𣡡
ɳͫ׳ֳɫʼһǶסһˣٲȻǽһ˵ֱӳһȥ
ǰ·ʱֱ̧֣ŶԷһȭ
飡
һȭȵɳϣһ죬ֱӽɳ޻Զ
һĻʹð治ɵöݣСѵǣ澪ˣһȭһͷȰ벽ɵ޸ɣò˵ܿ¡
˵ɫ糣Ϊ֪֮Ƿǳı̬
С
ЦŶ԰
漴һ˼ȥһ۱߹¡
ʱƬռȺֳ˲ǿޣǿѾﵽ벽׿ɲһ˵ҲǲʲôϾа벽񼶵İԼȰ滹ǿһЩС̫ڣޣǺܼ򵥱㱻
ҲºһߵƬռǰ͵âŨ㣬âĺһˣ͵âݻݵȡ
ˣ
һȭͷСľʯڵرϣɲݺзǳŨ⾧ʯת

춯ݡ
Աߣ¶ޱȼı飺ûû
ؼ۶ɵһ񾧣̺Ƭǳ䣬Ƕ԰벽񼶵ʿԣ䱦е䱦
ͨӰ벽ͻƣѶȷǳһ벽Ҳһ˳ͻƵȥϾ·ϵһ޴ˮ룬ѶȻĺܡ
ǣȴ벽񼶵ʿڼ̵ʱڣ˳˳뵽񾳽磬ңͻͻƺľǳȹ̣蹮̡
ﰡ
й⡣
ˮˮɵ߬ȭͷĹⶫүүܿܿˣ
ˣ
ǰæƣ֯ǳŨ
лƣֱӽ֮ץ漴ݸ档
ǳ󣬵ڵȴ޷õϣοƬԭǰҷ֣ŰˣȻӦ档
ΪǿľʱӹȴǲɵüֶЩ
öܿܿ񾳽磬һ񾳣Ǿͽڳײһȫغ蹵֮ңҲΪ񾳶׳ʮʮߴڶԣҲдпȡ
лСѣлСѣ
л벻ⷽòòܿ񾳵ϣ̫ãˣϾѾڰ벽̫á


1678 նֱɱ
ӭŰĸм֣ЦǰˣֻǾһЩౡ֮ѣ㲻ʲôοˮˮѣЩС̫ͷһֱڹ壬ҲǰһˣЩСæȫӦõġ
̾ɲʲôСæĶ飡
һЦȻ֪ʲôȡðڼ̵ʱ񾳣ðʵڰҶԣǼĶ顣ȻʵҲȷʵһڴ顣
ֻԼȴֻǰһǳ΢ĩСæѡ
˶٣˵ǣǰ뿪ɡ
ʱȡߣط͵â˲ȻѾûʲô汦ˣûҪ¡
ȻҲ֪һ㣬µͷúúãߣ˵ţһЦȥϷҪСѲ飡
طõһö벽񼶵ǿʵǼĺܡ
һЦȻԾƲûȤʱǵãǰ
˵طͰһ˶ǵõ˲СĺôΪһС̨ףʱҲһǺܸˡ
£һתʱ·ȥ
һ̣ݣлһĨ⣬ֱֹסŲƫͷ֮ǰǸλÿȥ
Сѣôˣ
ʵ
Ҳ΢Щ⣬ʱͻȻͣʲô
ѵǸطַʲô
׻˫۷Ź⣬һڴģ
н֯ƹ⣬֮ǰĵط˶٣ȥ
㲻ϣЩ׾ˡ
һ˵һǰߡ
ܿ죬֮ǰĵطŵƽ֯Уǰظѣ¶رµһɫĹŹʯ顣
ʯԼȭͷСͨڣһƺɫɢһʮ˵ĲϵնɵΪ֮΢΢ŤңҲ֯лĵǣֵȻ񣬵ȴǷǳĻ
ǣ
Ƶ˵ǶݣֻȭͷĴСĺɫʯ飬Ǹовʯʯʶе궼ɵ΢
С̫ûʲôӦϾʵǿ󣬰濴ȭͷĺʯħ֮۶ɵĶ
ǰ˵ĲȷʵطۣУڵȫųЩʱ³·ʯԳ֮Ϊħྦྷ
˵ţܼƽħྦྷְȡУֱ
׻ɻ󣺡ȥʲôöɣ
ֶν֮ɱκ˶⡣
򵥵
ˣ
ҷСӼֱյĺܣ˵еڣԸֶ߰ο˶ˣ

쵱һţ᲻죿գǻۣ
ۣյǻۡ
ôͰֵ漴һ³ʱ·ȥ
֮һ˺ܿߵ֮ǰȻϵĵطʩչС̫İܿʱǰƿһ϶һͨ϶תۼ˳ȥ
漴һûͣԨ֮󣬰ֱ˺ռͨһ˾ֱص֮
ˣ磡
ԷԸ
һŵƽʣﶼ֪˰İ£еõһöúܿ񾳽磬ĺܣһһ쾴ƵлΪæ԰˵ʵ̫ˡ
ȻǺ߲ܿܣ֮žյһһؾ
ˣһҹܿȥ
֮һʱڰͣһ۱ǰʱȥ
䣡
ºһ죬һɼǿܣдӣһư벽񣬿뵽ڡ
ðҾڣ˽Ǽѡ
Ͼڶһֱ̫ˣʵν˲䷭ʮ
Ҳһ죬򰲼Ͱҵһڴʱ׼Ͱһ뿪ˣһֱⰲڣȥ
ͰһڴȥᶨҲͲٶԡ
ӭСѺСѵĻʱҰͣţԶΪλ

ЦŻ񣺡лǰ
ǸүүҺһȥ
ˮˮʱ򿪿ڣԱߣҪͰһ뿪
УԡûԥֱӵͷӦʣ죬ЦǣСѣѾͷͰ㡣
ˮˮҪȥȻǲκһΪǳ⣬ԸԼŮ죬ǣһС̫ڣ¾޵У£ȫҲʲô⣬ԣǷǳķġ
ллүү
ˮˮĵĵ
ڰˮˮҪţȻҲٴκͰͰһڴ漴뿪߳ɽȺŸԶȥ
ܿ죬뿪˰ҷǳԶ
˵ǽȥ
ˮˮ
ںһǷǳȤ
룬ȥ̩ݿðɣ֮ǰӦҵǺ󣬾ʹǻ̩
䣡
ԶգʮӿǼǿĻϡ
ʮӰƳնΪ׵һӣдű˵ĺɱ
ɰϵǸն֡
׻۵


1679 Ǳҵն
ȻҲǰĺն֣ͬ׻һ㣬΢˫ۡ
ʱնֵͼȡȡĿҪɱԼʹǽҲҪȫնֱն˶ԷںڣżնйһսԷǿȼǿ
ʱԷⷽϣҲܲµԷ˵ϣżһǿ߿ݱƵǰΪɱ
¼ҵǸն֡ˮˮԶݣǳģΪʲô
ûʲôС˼ҵ׵ܵܡ
Ĵ¾򵥽¡
ԭ
ˮˮȻ󣬶նһɱ˿Ҳ⣬ɵ
ЦһУ޵еС̫ڣն־ǰɰϵΣվֻɼѣС̫ǰ
նֵЩ¼ˣȻҲŲٵɼǿߣǺնȣȴǸ޷ȣ̫ˣôһȺǿɱǾʵϸһвûУȫҪȥ⡣
ƿһתۼ䣬նִһ¼ǿߣֱӿ絽һ˽ǰ
ҵˣ
նĿ䣬ǰֻôһ仰漴һֱ̱ӳѹ£ӿɼѹɡ
ɱ׵ܵܣ죬ȻûʲôɶԣֻҪնͷ­ѣԴ˴壬Ѫȥܡ
ӽʥնɱԱߵˣ֣ȫն
ǸŮӣǣҵ飿
¼ҺͰͬΪߴϵǿ壬¼ҵˣȻ֪ˮˮĴڣʱ򿴵ˮˮ˲ɵͫ΢΢һݡ
ҵ鲻ˣɱˣ
һˮˮΪҹǲɱ֣Ͼɱ˰ˮˮǾ;ԻɰҺ¼ɱºءȴˮˮˣǿɾͲɵˡ
һնһ𣬴湥ɱϣ˶ǾɼΡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģնն죬¼ǿǽĿڰơ׻С̫ϣɱܽ֯
תۣǰն־ֱǰѹ䣬֯ɼ⡣
һΣ㻹ʲôӼ亮ˣޱȲп᣺
ˣ
£ܷķˡ
ӭһƣо˾޴вȴû˿ı仯
ʲô뿴
Ц
˵⻰ͬʱгһȭͷСĺʯϽ֯ƣֱӳǰȻ֮ǰڰҷֵǴڵõħʯ
һ֣ƻסͰһˣֱӽеħʯһʼͽ֯ϵƣֱӽ֮
䣡
ĺ쳹ϰ˻ģħʯһʱۻϢаѪɷ֮е̺֮У籩㣬ֱӽնֺնһɱ¼һǿȫС

ҽɲħʯ̺ŨѪɷϢħŷǳ˵ĸʴԣȸʴԲܸʴɴݲը¼ֱӾдƬǿѣһ飬ҲȼŨħϡ

תۣʮУɼʿֱʽɼĴ󲿷˱ҲûطѺۣʱܱ
ݰֱˣ
ӭһĻƲɵӡ
ˮˮҲǲɵʧɫȻǰҲǲɵöݡ
񰡣
ˮˮ档
ƽԭնֵ˱ɱС̫֣ת۾ȫĨɱħྦྷҲûʲôãˣȻдȺˡ
սУնֵˣ˴ԼٶܳǣɫֱӱһƬ԰ףͬʱҲ࣬Ȼû뵽Ķ
ҧżȵĺɨһۣûطֱͣӳԶȥ
ħʯȻûܵԵĴʱȴ˼صĴˣȸ涼ĵķǳأѾû۷ս۷սǧ֮һﲻ¾ֲʲôá
ಣ
ƿֻգ۶ѣȥԶ
ǧɱңôŸռҪߣ
Ц
ʱûȥ¼һǿߣǽĿնֵϣŶԷߣֱӱǲǲɱȥ
ֻת۶ѣն̧֣־һǻȭ˿Ҳ顣
˵һʮռΪһȭ𶯣Ǵ˵еıһ㡣
ۣ
Ѫˮɽն˵һȭ̵ֱܼѺۣһȭ䵽˵صرҳһ޴ӡ
漴ٴζˣû֣ͣ콣âһ콣ն¡
ʥӣ
նֶһ¼ǿߣħʯԱ£ʱֻʮһɳǿ߻ţ˼صˣ־ŭԼһʥӱӵ·һηĳ졣
ߣһչʮݻųʮ¼ѹ¡
һʱ䣬¡¡ģ̵ΪʮҡֱӱһƬ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըֱ¼ǿ߱ķ飬Ϊ֮ǰħྦྷ˴ѣʱǷǳ⣬ѾԶ۷״̬ûɼǿǿʵԣʮҲס졣
ﬣ
üļֱڰԣڰֱը¼ǿߵڹᴩֻһ˲ǽնķ顣
ɣ

¼ɾŭӣĹɱ졣
һʱ䣬¡¡ģǿʢܷӸͬķû졣
ǷҪȥæ
׻ǰսʵ
ƨȻˡ
Ʋ졣
ħྦྷʱ¼һǿ߽˼صˣսȫƿغ֧֮¡
䣡
˵ⷭӿɨƬɱ¼Ҽɣ󣬱ն֡
ɱңӦѾñɱľˣʵʵĻط
ƽ
ɼӿʩչֱӺն֡
նħྦྷԱӰ죬״̬ѾǷǳ⣬ѾһֻſĴţʱֱӱɣѪ
ɭɨ죬ٳһıӣٴֱӺˣʱ·ߡΪ״̬ʵ̫ˣɱ죬ҲȫãֻΪΪ֮á
˵ˣ߲ˣҲûã

׷ԷЩԾΪԷԾΪԷǿԾΪŵħྦྷλþնϣǻԵоųնϣȻһ벽ӦҲģնȴûȫǵȿֲĻ
ⲻò˵Щ¡
еĳԾֻһ˲һ̱ٴαƵԷǰһȭ¡
ˣ
ǿһȭգֱնֱ
һնȻıӻ壬ʱҲûжãٴκɣڱǶѪϾ״̬Ӳܡ
ӣʥԶ㣡
¼ҵ˸ɼǿߺХ״̬ܲȴǺηĳܿԼһʥնѣΪնֵĴڶ¼ҶԣͬǼ῵ĴڶڼּҶ԰һҪδϣڡ
˸ֱӳ嵽ǰǿķȻҲ׼ļɢϢʮˡ
£
䵭һһڱ鲼ƵıӡڳȻǲǰӼĽӡΪһ۷


1680 ն
ӡ𶯣鲼ƣڵΪ߶£һʱ䱬ǿܣ¼ҵİ˸ɼǿУѹ¡
ʱ¡¡ģնɵΪ֮ҡɼǿˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһը¼ҵİ˸ڵһʱ䱻ȫ飬ֻʣǿʵΪ֮ǰħྦྷ˴ѣսѾԶɾ

һ˾ŭ𶯣ɿؾ
ͬʱԱ߸¼ǿߣʱǸŷ⣬ѪɿĿʼۡ
÷ˣȫ
쵭Į
˵һֻͼ𣬺Ƶ嫶ԵϢѹ¡
һʱ䣬͵˵¼˸ǿߵȫ顣
նˣıûκα仯·ʲôҲûƫͷԶնֱ֣ӳԷ׷ȥֻһۼնԡ
ˣ
ûʲôĻֱӾһǻȭѹ¡
նıӭһӺȭͷϺֱӷһ죬ϵյ롣
ͬʱȭͨնϣֱʹնһκɡ
´αն㣡
ɱˣնûκͣһγԶ뿪ȥ
û´Σգɣ

ɱԼˣȻŹֲǰ׳ա
ǲٴ׷ȥ
ವģնǰ׷ת۱ǿȥԶ˦ʮɽ
ҪնһɰĽడ
󷽣׻ĵ
ȥ
Ƶ
£һ׷;ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬׷նһ۱һնֽǰ
ﬣ
ֻ̧ӽնһ콣âƥոᴩ
ﵽɼ𣬼̵գǰѾ㲻ʲô
նӣƵնµ콣âֱӸ飬ûаͣ٣Զߣٶȿ켫
ߣٶҲǺܿ죬ٴ׷ɱȥ
һһ׷һǷԽʮɽ
ʱǰһŲʿǷǳףӦ˵ܲƫͷȥ󵱼ǽԶݣɴ˫Ŀ
ǣǰɰϵն֣ڣȻȻӣ
һʿԾ
ڱ׷ɱǸ׷ɱںǣôȥô죿˵ĿϣЩɻ󣬶һ̱Ƕݣǡǲǰʱ䣬ɱ˼῵Ǹ𣿣֮ǰʶӡпģ
ûǸˣ
⡭ǰʱŽɰϵļ῿ɱ׷ɱȼΏҪǿһն֣
ȥûеɾΣնȴɲڵô׷ɱնֵģȻǸնŪǱֻӶݣ⡭
ʲô壿֮ͬǰɱǰ㣿
ӦϾһսǸˣԲնֵĶ֣
ֱǸ񰡣
һʿ־ֺ
նһ׷һӣǷ˴ϵһʿӰȴû⣬ǰֻѸٽն˽ᣬߣֻҪѵ졣
ӵĮ׷ն󣬶˶٣ֱת֮ǲٶͻȻǻһ磬˲Ƶնֽǰ
նͫһͻȻչֳĿٶҲƴ١
Ӳˡ
쵭Į
Ż£һӡ߶ޣɼʹýӡһɼŤռ䣬ռ䣬ƺƵѹն֡
ޱȿ񱩵һΪӡ߶ǿܣʮնˣնַһСĽ޷ӡ
նֱض϶֮·ȻҲоһĿ£һͺɵɼıӣӭѹĽӡ
תۣɱײһֱƬܣֱƬռ䡣
飡
һ죬նֺɿȥֱӿѪ֮ϲ֩Ѻۡ
鵭Įû˿ͣ٣նְ㴭Ϣʱ䣬ǲٴͬһƽնֽǰ̧־һǻȭ
໣

һȭ£쳹˵Ļһͷʵɻ˸ȭˣ˺ϻ֮ƣһһңǴײն֡
һնֱ޿ɱܣֱӱǱС
ۣ
ѪˮĽ˺Ϲ֮£նٴκɣ̵ֱը鿪
⡭
Ǹն֣ȫ·ˣ
ɾΣȴһʿѹǱ
һʿĲ
һ˸׷Ŀս
նȫסˣ׵Ҫꡣ
Ƶ
ͷǰתֻܱСն
䣡
ǰӿն겻࣬ܣؾ۳
ɫѿıӻ壬ٴγԶߡ
ߣǲٶȿˣһ۱ǰ
˵ˣӲˡ
Į
˵ţͷĽӡٴδ۷弶߶ʹ֮Ų⡣
һڱӡƺƵĳնѹ䡣
նٴɼıӣɵٴδ߶ӭϡ
ֻǣĿǰ״ʵ̫ˣĶ֣Ӻͽӡײϵһ˲ٴκɣֱըʺѪˮա
ʱֱ֣̽ӳǿɼıץȥһѽ֮յС
һҲ۷弶Ȼ˷ѣҪ֮
ſ
ɭŭն۳ʶıӴ𶯣ϼ⣬ֵĶȡʹֶֻʹ
ıȴ˿䣬һߣֻͼֱӳѹն֡
ͬһʱ䣬ּɫԣӡԻ֡
նӭֻͼ֮¸޷⣬һͱɡᣬɢɫԵӡֱûı֮ڣڵնֵʶӡǸĥ
ԶնֵһڱڵıԴʶĥ˲ķɡ
ҧɭĿ죬زٴκˣѡߣΪ޷쿹⡣
ֱ̧֣Ӿһ콣ŶԷնȥٶȿ켫۵һǴնֵĺ󱳹ᴩƬѪˮնΪ֮һƬ
ಣ
ٶȸЩһ˲ƵնֽǰֱԽӡ͸ոնıӺ
˿ȫ߶£ֳҵʮֿ¡
նָовһŭ𣬿ٳɵִͨ
ֻǣ״̬̫ˣס죬Ĵ߶ѹ䣬ֱӽ֮ķ飬Ψǿʮѿٴζߡ

Į˲ǰּӻ£ֱնֵϡ

նַʵŭһֱ̣ӱ飬ĥ


1681 ѧԺ
ѪˮƮڿУնֵ걻Ⱥ飬һ¾Ͱ
󣬸һʿһ
Ǹն֣
Щʿ㤣ֻоһȫǱһƬ
ն֣ʮߴ֮һݵһ¼ʥӣɰھʮ񣬱ɱˣ
⣬ˡ
˿죬Ķ¡ǰն˽ԴϵһּҵʥӼΰҲǰɰϵ𣬶񣬲ûȥ೤ʱ䣬ȻֽնָˣҶԲɾΪɼնɱʵЩͷЩȻ
쳯ЩʿɨһۣЩʿľ㤱Ȼǲ⣬ƶŲһαǰ
ˡ
кһ˵
ߡĵƬ򣬹Ҫһˡ
һܿ뿪طʧһʿҰС
漴ͬԵǰ㣬ûȥãٴΪ֮ڡ
ɣ
¼ҵʥն֣Ҳˣɱ῵նɱ
⡭
ɱնֵϢͬǳķ㣬תۼǴһݣңĿһĻʿʶӻʿٴ𺳡
ҵ졭
δɣ˰ɰϵɾǡ
ƿЩʲôֶΰҪɱֲɣ
ʿļ¡
ΪɾȴڶʱնɰϵʵԲ𺳡
ͬʱһ죬ϵ¼ңһڴɱ

ɱɱɱ
ﾡ壡
̹ǵɱ¼ϿյĲֱӱ飬ǿ߿ֱ˺ѿռͨɱ֮ϣҪȡͷ­

ݡ
ննֺնһ¼ǿߣŰˣʱѾ뿪ղǸطԶһʮɽ
ȥ̩ݰɣһɿȥȻҺʵĵطС
ʱ
£֮ǰͺͰˮˮͰ˵ˣʱٴοڣС̫򿪿ռŻ
С̫ڣҪ򿪿ռŻѾʲô¡
С̫ӦĹһֱһŻơ
߰ɡ
£һ˳С̫򿪵ĿռŻȥ
ȵȡ
ʱһº͵һ׷Ϣĳһߡ
˶ʱֹ¶ݣΪȫûиӦ׷γֵģڶԷǰûκ˸оϢӽ
ȻС̫Ҳһ׷ߣ¶һɾͽ䱸
׷һϮۣоȥͬһͨ˰㣬ʱһˣϹº͵ЦˣϷûмӺ֮ġ
ǰкָ̣
˶٣ʵ
ûϸо˿ԷȫһͨˣǣȻΪоԷͶԷȥһͨˣĽԷͨ˶ԴֲɵӶԷܹϢĳߣС̫þͽ䱸˵ߺܿˡ
Աߣ˿׷ߣһƬ֣أû˸Ҵ⡣
׷һЦɣϷ޼Ӻ֮ģû˻ܰȻվš˵ţ죬ٴοڣǴЦܲ˼ϷѧԺ
⻰һʱݣĿⲻɵ΢΢һݡ
嫣޾ɵ͵ߣΪͨݡߴݡݺݡУͨ޾޷ж٣ݴܹʮÿߴݶܱȵͨݣǿڶܹ࣬ࣻʮߴݸӹÿһݶʮߴݼҪ嫣ңÿһϣž߱ʮǿӴȺڡ
ݣǱʮݸӵĹ󣬹ʮ򱶣λĵһݣ嫵ˡѧԺλ֮ϣһУڵ˵жôƾã˵ɼۼǿÿһʱ˷ĳǿߣǴӵѧԺ߳
û뵽ͻȻֵİ׷ߣȻ㿪ڣѧԺ
ҲʶߵĿ£ΪԷ㿪ڣѧԺǾȻǵѧԺĸ߲㣬ȻǵѧԺĸ߲㣬Ϊ;Ժֲܿ
Աߣ׻ƺһȻҲľһЩżϿѧԺĴڣʱŰ׷ߵĻǲɵ𺳡
ͷǵѧԺˣѧԺĸ߲㣿
ˮˮۣѾµ˰׷ǵѧԺˣȴǲɵʵʵǵѧԺ̫ڲһ㣬ѧԺڵĸ߲㣬Ǻֲܿ
˵ѧԺĸ߲㣬Ǿÿ˶ʱͷ
׷ϵЦʼղ䣬˵ͷǡ
һʱ䣬˸ľ
Ͼǲ²׷ǵѧԺĸ߲㣬Ͱ׷ԼԼǵѧԺ߲㣬߼ĲǱȽϴģΪǰֻǲ²⣬ǿ϶
׷ߵĿϣЦΣСѣԸϷ֮
΢⽻֯˶٣ҡͷǸǰɹˣѾϰ߼ʲôС
ѧԺΪĵһңΪĵҲǾԵĵһУѧԺУʿ£ȴǲûʲôȤûʲôر£κδС
СӣܾҲ̫ˬ˰ɣǿһеѧԺУôǶĺܣ
׻ۡ
бһۣûд񲢲뱻κε
׷ҲЩ⣬ԹʿζѧԺѧԺԺȴǱֱӸܾˡ
СһǺ˼ܾѧԺ룬Թǵһ죬ܾԼ룬׷˿ҲûЦĸŨ˼֣ôϷһΣһΣӦòپܾ
˵ţ΢̧ݻһ߲ɫԴ΢΢Ծ
£ͫһֱӱɫ
ԱߣơͰ׻һˣʱҲǲɵýԶݡ
ⶫ
Ű׷ߣʵٴαý䱸
׷ݻ߲ʹԴԼȭͷСѰҵĽƬһģһ
ţһţѾȡߣһţһλá
׷Ц
ͫһݣȡⶫ
꣬õʶе߲񽣣ɴ·֮һѰʮ齣ƬÿѰʱĳΧʲôˣǵһƺѰƬʱߴڡ
ǰϷ򵱳µƤž㲻ѰһȹԴ𡣡
׷Ц


1682 ·
Ű׷ߵĻ쵱ɫ΢䡣
Ƥžµģ
ǰõһͼƤӡһǷѰһ齣Ƭ룬׷ߣȻǿӡǹͼˡ
ԱߣҲǶ΢
׷ߵͷŹԴʱϷֻΪʱȡ֮ߣǿͼΪϷȺȥʮΣϧûʲô仯֮ϷȻ֣ȡҪĲԾͽͼ£¼Եǰ
˵ţһЦŵȻϷҲӡǣֻҪƿŹԴʮ߲ϣϷڵһʱ䷢Ϸ뿴˭֮ܽȡߡЦǰЩӣϷڿһЩʷᣬӦӡӦȥźԶ㽫ǹԴڡ
춯ݣ׻ҲݣŹͼ߿¡
ǸʱȥǸط
Ծ
ȥˡһЦǲȻͷ񼶵ħݣ͸ðˡ
⻰һ졢׻һ
ͷħݣǰ˵ģ
ʵ
ǸʱչͼϵļأȡĽƬв޳Ž֮նһͷ񼶵ݳʱȻ֮ȴҲǲܵסϾƿصĽ֮ʵ̫ˣԵʱɼΪ֮նɱ񾳵Ŀݡ
ǸʱѾ÷ǳľȴ룬ͷɱɱͻȻÿ־壬ͷͶߣʱͰ˶Ǻɻ󣬲ͷΪλͻȻߣԭǺ׷йأ
׷ߵЦ΢˵ͷ
ͷߵģ
׻졣
æллǰʱ
Ǹʱ߾ͷݣһˣƻ׶༪١
ҲߵĻԷȫһۼ֮ģм١ңΪǷǳֲûҪȻƭ
֣߰ô⣬ЦΣڣԸѧԺߵǼ룬ϷԸһֹԴʲôλãǶǳ̺ΪصΰȥƺǷǳҪֶ
ãҼ룡
ûپֱܾӵͷ
Ȳ˵չֵһŽƬ֪ʲô͵ƾŶԷǣͲܲ˶ԷӣԣȻôӦԺ
á
׷ЦԵ÷ǳݣٲȻһʼ֪һԺ
ǰһ󡣡ʱֿڣҵҲһԺ
׷ߵͷĿƿڰˮˮͰϣѵһˮѪмԺʱ˵ϷҲǴһ롣漴ĿϣЩͨǿܶ࣬ǿԼ롣
ûС̫Ͱ׻Ϊ߿Ϊս޼ԺûʲôرҪ
ιιιǰȻĻʵǣܱܲ潲ҲҪӵ
̲סۡ
׷һЦƵıԹ⡣
ԵЩԾˮˮûȻˮѪ
ʮ壬ҲѪˮѪѪеһ֣ӵмǿĿˮȻûκˮԴĵطҲܻ񺣺ˡͬʱӵѪˣΪȻȻƿصˮйصĴɵңܽЩӳµܣǳˡ

ˮˮͷʱȻûʲôϾҲʲôˡ
ң£С̫Ѿ֪ˣ˳Ҳ֪
ͦ
Ц
ˮѪԿˣҲ츳ͨࡣ
ǲ̫࣬ͬǴ򲻹㣬һС̨׹Ҳûϣ
ˮˮƲ
һЦû˵ʲôԱߵơ׻ͰǶ԰ˮˮˮѪЩݣϾѪȷʵǺܲӵзǳ˵
ǣǰһ߲ʹԴܸʲôط𣿡
쿴׷ֿڣ̡
׷ߵͷһޱȾԶ·ϣȡߡ
·
׷ʡ
Ȼ·ǾȻǴطڣ㲻ü֪׷ЦԺڵԺУֻҪ㲻Լ󣬿̤·


1683 ɱ
Ű׷ߵĻԶݣ·Ҫȵſɽ룿
΢΢˶٣Ҳû׷ʣȻǰλ˵ܽ룬ҲûбҪ׷ʲôˣȵֱ̤·ɡ
Ҫʱ䣬վЩԴ˻һЩεġ
ȻҲû취
֪ˡ
׷ߵ
׷ЦŵͷһӣöӲӵĹ֣ÿһö϶Сֱ֣䵽졢ˮˮУһڣöѧԺһ֮ûеɾЧˡ
ȻνġЧָһʱûнԺôöʧȥãǽ޷ٽѧԺõģס
׷һЦ˶٣ֵǽԺǰ򵥺ǽһЩ£ڵԺ֮ڣѧԺӽֹ໥ɱͬʱѧԺеӱӻĳңֻҪڵԺ֮ڣͲõʲôֻ֮Ҫ˵ԺķΧǱѧԺɱǱɱԺ֡
˶ǵͷǵѧԺһڹذɣֱӣ⡣
ǣǰڵѧԺķΧڣһԺĵԺӱһǳնɱᵱΣ
ʵ
нܲпᣬʵнֹͬŲɱĹأʵϣȹֻǶͨӶԣЩǿӸЧһǿնɱһԺͬŵӣɸ׷ʲôϾһɲܻΪһԺĵӣȥϳһŵӡ
׷Ȼ֪ʲôЦֻҪڵԺڣеһͬʣǰɰϵĵһڵԺɱͬڵԺӣҲҪش
ͷɰ׷ߵĻѧԺڡѧԺءһϣִеķǳϸ
漴뵽ʲôʵɰϵһҲԺ
ᡣ׷ߵЦɰϵˣǵԺĶ󡣡
ȻҲ˵ɰϵˣ֮󶼻ѧԺ
ʹ¶һƾâɰϵһ۵ѧԺôѧԺһµĵطܱߴ۵Ժ֮С
Ҳ¶տտâȻǶǿ۵ĵѧԺЩڴ
˵ģ඼Ѿ˵ˣǵãһڣֵѧԺ
׷Ц
õǰ
ͷ
׷ߵЦһ˲ʧǿһɢ
ͷжһϢûУЩ¡

ˮˮͷԴͬУϾǵѧԺĸ߲㣬ЩˣǿֲޱȣʮϵĶУҲǵѧԺĸ߲㡣
쵹ûипʲôеĵڣһʱ䣬ȥ̩бɿãȻǰѧԺ
һ˵ȻûС̫򿪵ĿռͨҲûʧ£Ⱥ̤ռͨһ۱ʧԭء
ڰ˲ϢҰһ̣ǰµĹ֣һ˱һɴӿռͨ²ʵʵϡ
ȥɽһһԺΡ룬ȴ̫ࡣ
Ǹ̩ݣ
ʵ
ͷɨ£кһˣֱбɶȥ
һ˵ٶȷǳ죬ûкķѶʱ䣬Ǿб⡣
бһɽȺڣ࣬һб⣬бԵ÷ǳ
ôһŵĶûУǰµͥġ
Щ档
ҲЩ⣬Ŀ΢бλãһѪζ
ҲŵѪζˮˮüвõ·ˣ
쿴бģߡ
кƺͰˮˮһˣֱӳбλöȥ

бģһ޴Ĺ㳡ϣӰܶ࣬ӶŲʬͨӵʬнɼʬ
ˣʵʵ̩ɱɣ̩ɱΪ𣬷򣬽գбɽֱӳΪʷĳ
һߵ΢֯Ϊڰ벽ɾΡ
ϻ˸꣬ʮǿᣬԴڰ벽ɾ磬ĮĿⷽ㳡ɵĵӡ
룡
бߣһȾѪΪбһ棬˼صˣ³ֺƺǣƣǿȳһھѪ
үүԣһϮȹ÷ߣҲȾѪȻ˲ˡߣеǣŭߣǾȫȥҲǣİɣµĴţοڱϥ£ܱ˵ƿأοܹˣǴТ
ԱһŮӣһ߲棬ںʶѺʱҲᶨȻ׼ɹ
ƲԳԷƣǻǲϧôͲҪϷˣ߱鵭ĮΪ̩ɱһ棬ֱӷԸϵ˸˵Ը̩ɱɵˣǸ߲㻹ͨӣȫնȻֻһտбɣҲҪ֮ɵ̩ɱС
̩ɱһڲǰͻƵ벽ɾȾ磬СС̩ϣǵۻʰĴڣѾ˵̩ɱɴʼʼ档ǿʵȻȻĴҰģڴﵽ벽ɾһ̩浱Ҫһͳ̩ݣ̩̩ɱɵͳ¡
̩ǿʮɣѾɳΪ벽ɼ̩̫ǿˣ̩˿ɿ⣬û˸Υ־
ɵĳ̩ɱһԼеİ˸̩ɳϸ緢־ڳȴŴɺ̩ϵȫʵʵĳǣȻŲɡǣбɺȴֱԾܾҲʹ̩ɱһͰ˸곤϶úܲˣֱӳն˲Ӻͳ泼
ȻˣɾܾҲʹ̩ɱһǰ˵صİ˸̩ɳϸӲˣǱ÷ǳ
֣Ըˣȫնʬҵб⣬úĸһԺǲ̩ɱɣʲôĺͬʱҲ֮ǰѡ񳼷ǵף֮ǰѡ񳼷Ƕôǡ
̩Į
䣬ûжΪɵɱѾ٣Ψһһɼǿ棬˴߲ҲˣбɣȻûκη֮˸벽ɼ̩ɳһС
̩ɱɵİ˸϶ˣһڸ߲㣬ԴŲпɱ⡣
һʱ䣬бɵһڸ߲ǿߣʱɫǱʮֵѿ˷ǳصˣȻûκһ˿Ŀ֮ˣ͵ס̩ɱɵ˸ϡ
Ǳ⣡ڻǣҲкýŭ̩̩ɼ곤ϣɻڣ֪£һŹǣԲᣡ
̩ɱɵһ곤ϱĮ磿бɵˣ֪󲻻ŹǣЦɫĮķ̣үүһǿ߶סǣеʲôʲô
ɱǡ
ƽͻأ֮һɫâ۵һԿڵ̩ɱɳؿڴֱӽ֮ķ飬ңҲһ
ԶŰ˳֣һ۱ǿ絽бⷽ㳡ڡ


1684 
ѪˮƮڿУ̩ɱɵһ벽ɼϱһĨɱͰһ˳бɵⷽ㳡УбһڵӽԶݡ
֡죡
бйһʱ䣬бɵһڸ߲͵Ȼϵá
磡
ø¶ϲı飬ΣĹͷ쾹Ȼ
̩ɱһ߸곤Ͻ¶ɫ̩ϣȻ˸նɱ̩ɱɵˣԱĿϡ
һ̣ЩǶݣ¶ɫ̩ɱɵ涼⡣
㣡
̩ɱһ涢죬ԵЩͳ
нηڣȺɱɰϵῺն֣Ҳ̩ϣǿ߶Ѿ֪طͻȻ죬Ⱥɱ˰ɰˣ̩Բ
ʱû̩̩ɱˣԱߡ
磡ֺ˵ɱɰ£֮ǰҲΪһپĹ죬ʱ죬ԵþϲˡĿƶֿ˰ˮˮˣ㣬С̫壬ҵ˰ŰˮˮˣԵøӸˣ֮ǰںֿʱ˵ҵˮˮ˺̩Ͽ񣬾ˡ
ơ׻ԼһμİʺãԵʮò
СãСãѾô˰
ˮˮ˹ȥԱ߶£ΪĳЩ£һѾٶꡣ
ţãƯˣ
õͷЦĺ
ҲƯ
ˮˮЦŵһúϲ
Ǹռʱòʮ꣬ʱñһͷµ׷󣬳ǵҰУΪ˲ǣ֪ıӶݷԼΣյľ£ѡı䷽ĵطǳ֮ʱһŵ鷳ûصŵ֪龭ǺǿƵԥĿɱһڳǸΪܲϲ
ʱҲߵǰת̫ѪɫһʱԻáһ֣Ϊ޸ܵˡ
̫ΪʥΪˣ˾˵úأȴҲǺܿɫȶһǳЧڿٻָ
ˣл
лͬʱҲһƵľâ
ǵһμ죬֮ǰĺܶ£Ͼʱ˵ң֮ǰɱῺնֵ£Ҳ˵ˣԣȻǵһ죬ȴǲİ
ǰˣôҲбйңǰСõˣˣȻӦģǰÿ
Ц
̫Ϊ桢úͺˣһƵԾ
ߣ
ʱһ
̩ɱһ涯ˣһȥû뵽ʵû뵽Ůе㣬ּʥӺ¼ʥӵ֣죬¶Ц⻹һСջȡͷ­ڼּҺ¼ңɻǿһݲС飡ɸӾмֵ
˵ϼһȻ֪СǼῺնֶˣڻôţ붯֣ӻˣ
׻б̩
̩Ц¼䣬˭˲֪ɱּʥӺ¼ʥӣΪǰ׼ƾԼڶѣܹɱλ죬Ǹϵطʲô׼ʲô׼ҲУƾڼΪϷ򿹺⣿Ϸв϶
ʱΪ桢ºͺˣ֯⣬̩ɱһȻǲΪ˿Ҳ⡣
ڲȴѾﵽ벽ɣ벽ɣʤڣ
׻ԣƲƲ죺Ϊǵľ֮ܡ
̩ɱЦǿǰֱӶˣֱ̧ץ졣
٣
߸̩ɱɳվ󷽣Цңвɵһƾâͬһ̩˵ǰ㣬նɱ죬ʬͷ­׸ּҺ¼ң̩ɱɺͼּԼ¼Ҷһϵˣ̩ɱɵɾ̫ˣƿɿǿ̫ˡ
ʱҲԼһܹɱ죬ΪҲó˿ûʲô׼£㴦Σз֮ΪһһѾﵽ벽ɣڰ벽ɼǿǰһʿܻκһ˿Ŀ
ˣ
̩Ĵգ֯ΪɲϢת۱ѹǰ
ǺܿµһƣܵȫˣӱܵĻᡣ
ССģ
е
úͺҲǼڣ쵱ġ
쵭Ц⣬赣ʲô
˵⻰̩棬һת̫Ϊˣһֻ̧𣬷ֳ˦һƣ̩ɱһѹĴײһ
ײһĴ죬һ̣̩Ĵֵ飬Ѫˮգͬʱ˸ͬһɣֱһƬա
һʱ䣬ȴͰˮˮ⣬طһ˽Ǵʧɫ
棡
̩ɱɵ߸벽ɳ󺧣һһǴڰ벽ɾ񣬾Ȼһ汻һʿֱ˳ȥ
ǵеǸ죿ѡѾôǿˣȻȻǸ벽ɾ̩
бһڵľһЩѰ鷳бŵӣʱǲɵøоһ㤡
ڶѣȻһ˦֣һ벽ɵĴָ飬սʵ̫ڿֲˣǳˡ
⡭
һһЩҲĲǰԼйˣȥٶ꣬Ѿôǿˣȫǡ
á
ҲǾȣ˷ܣϾս֪սԳ֮
䣡
˵ܳԶ̩ɱһأֱ»ָ
ǿϷСˣ¿죬̩еĺúŨɱŨٴαǰȥǿûʲôˣܺͷʿҪĶ㿴벽ɼǿߵʵŶǿ󣡡
˵ţһֱӳ嫵֯µķһͷһⷽռϯ·Խһж
⣬Ϣ
һڵĲʱ̩չֳܷǾ֡
Ͼǰ벽ɼǿߵܷ򣬶ͨӶԣ̫ǿˡ
ʵ
̩Į벽ɼܺͷֱѹ£ͬʱн֯տտ⡣֮ɱ죬ԲбɣֱʬǰּҺ¼ңʱһܻԵһ飬飬ԣ̩ɱɶԣֵ̫ˣԹ
ԣ̩ɱɶԣʱмֵ
¡¡ģ԰벽ɼܷѹ죬ƽøӵĿ¡
벽ɼʿʵǿɱ̩棬ǣʶڼʿжǿ
䣬һֻͼֱʥ֮ʮ


1685 ɿ
ֻͼʥâƣҴޱϵϢǿٵصĵһʥͼһʱطҡطľֱʼѡ
һ̣¡һֻͼ̩ɱܷײһ
һʱ䣬ⷭӿԵϢǾκ˱ϯʮ졣
ۣ
ѪˮƺĽ̩ܷһʱ䱻ֻͼ飬漴ֻͼƲֱؿڣ֮벽ɼѪ
棡
⡭ôܣ
ܣ
̩ɱɵ߸곤ϸݲȫɫ䡣
һһ棬벽ɼΪʱ벽ɼܷ򣬾Ȼһ˲䱻һڵʿ飬Ҳһ顣
߸̩ɱɳϵУһĻֱ̫ˣȫš
ͬһʱ䣬һʿͳҲٴαɫǱ󾪡
ǡ
һ𺳣ƤӶɵþ
һʿȻ׵Ļ벽ɣֱ̫λˡ
磡ĺǿ̫ǿˣ
ǼǸˡ
һЦΪȻڣΪǿֻ壬һ·һһεٴĥڵΪ֮³ƻʣһͨİ벽ʿ͵ס
ת̫Ϊ桢úͺ޸ܵˡ
䣡
󷽣̩ܽ֯ɱɵٴؾ۳ɫЩѿ
ղͼʲô
죬벽ɼ̩ɱ治ɵҧдɭɭĺɫղŵֻͼʵ̫ˣĸоֲͨͨ
쵭ЦȻشԷ
Ҳʱͣת̫Ѿ˵Ƴ޸á
վбطĲڵϵɵӵʬ壬һЩɳϵʬ壬漴Ŀת䵽̩ɱϣҺôطйΪԼҰģ嵽ɱˣƻ˺ҵѣ˺ѵˣڣҺúúһˡ
طʱ̩˵ĻѾ֪顣
ϷˣΪϷΣϷĶ֣
̩ɭ
仰䣬һһɱ֮ǰӿֲܳ嫵⽻֯ʮͷݻӰÿһӰǿֲޱȣٲȻһڿɱ
ңɱ֮У֯űȸղŸӿµĵǿԻһС
һʱ䣬طбһʿһǱϢ
Ϸ̤벽ɾһչȫ㽫һܡ
̩ϣ䡣
һЦ˼Ӧþúˣ
ô˵
̩ʱչֳǿսܷ֮ǰǿ̫࣬߶̩ɱΪǿһڰʱ죬һָӵ̬
쿴ˣϵЦøŨ̬Щ
Ż䣬ˣһαʧԭأ漴һ̳̩ǰ
̩ʱݣΪչֳٶȶ㡭
ȥ
쵭ĮֱӻӶȭ
˵һµȭƺƵһʱѹ̩ܷ򣬶ȭͷڶԷؿڣֱӽԷؿڻ˲Ϣ佫֮ա
ѪˮĽһ̷һ죬̩ڵϣֱӽҳһ޴ӣ̳
棡
̩ɱ߸ٴξ
ղţһѾǼ˰벽ɲεǿսɾȻȴǱһ͸ܷ򣬽һա
ɵһڵ𺳣һĻ塣
̫̫ǿˣֱֱ
Ͽڣ촽ɵö¡
ΨаͰˮˮԵ÷ǳƽսжǿͨİ벽ɸͲܺһս
ৣ
ƿ֮ƶһ̳ڹ̩ԣֱһڶԷؿڣԷȵѹڽ¡
ͬһʱ䣬̧֣ɫ⽻֯۳һҵĽɫɱ
ȡȵȣҪɱң̩汻ڽ£ؿѪӿѪʱиоĿֲޱȺȻʱ۳ɫɱȻҪɱжʱ¶ľ֣һҲûԥֱӿģҿԸһǳصĵط䣬ҾѰǸطõһЩ˵ɹӶŴﵽ벽ɾģ
ƺ첻ţֱʶӻԻһıߣʮɫǳһɿߣҲֻߵжξ͵õ಻׵Σһи˵ڣʵӦÿȡõٵŹң̽ɿߵľλø㣬дô


1686 ɱ
̩Ļ̩ʶӻ첻ɵжݡ
ȥ̩չֳʶӻеǷɿߣȷʵǺܲʮɫȷ䡣
طƺܲ
ԱߣҲǶݡ
ȥ̽ļֵ
׻˫۷Ź⡣
ףһ۾Ϳ̩չֳɿ߾зǳ˵ļֵ
ͬʱطҲݡ
ôֻҪֻҪ㲻ɱң̸ɿߵľλá
̩濴죬ЩϵС
쿴̩棬˶٣˵ɡ
̩һϲû˿ԥڣ̩λõĻԨɽУڻԨɽλá˵ţҲһ߸죬˿ֻ⡣
ͷЦУл
䣬еĽɫֱбն¡
̩浱þ־ŭӦ˸ɿھͲɱ
ۣ
Ѫˮ̩Ļͷ­ն飬Ҳһ
ҿɲǵôӦɱ㡣

棡
̩ɱ߸Ϻݺһһǿ棬벽ɼǿߣԳư̩ݣ񣬾ôնɱǰУǲɵ¶־塣
֮ɵһڵӳ¶ϲɫͽ޵ı飬в߬ȭͷΪ̩ɱɵ켸̩ɳϳɣɱǲͬš
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ָּˡ
Ҳʱವƿ̩ɱɵ߸벽ɼȫɶݣ֮ȥ
һǿİ벽ɼ涼նˣ£ֻᵱΣضֻһ
ˣʱȻΨһѡ
쿴ˣ׷һ˦ߵɫ콣âֱն
âٶȿ켫ת۽׷ˣڡ
Ѫˮ۵ը߸̩ɳȫ
Ͼֻǰ벽ɲζѣȴǾڣΪȻԣ̧־Ϳնɱ
һڵӳǷ󣬸ǼǾϲ
ȫȫˣ
ǵţסˣ
̫̫ˣ
˼
Ϊףɾ磬ʱȴҲͬͨɵһ㣬ͨɵӸϾǳ
лСѣмм
ߵǰ湪л
лл磡
ҲŵлЦ
͵ЦǰÿĲá
ϾйҺѣǡ£ȻҪ֡
ΣҪлģǴ£
֣ص
һ죬ĵһڣһڸ߲Ӵˣɹ趼ڷ˳
һͣա
պһ죬ֱ͸úõĺѺһЩĵرһ۷漴ãԼ˵׼뿪ˡ
ãǰ֮мǲҪ߱йµҲؿڷ硣Ҳ֪ɱ˼Ὼն֣ļǿ֪ййأܻǲ
뿪ǰôú
Ȼ֪СѣСҲǧҪСģ
ûŬеģԺȡܰæ
ô˵
Сİȫһ

Цŵͷһ˸漴Ͱֱ뿪
ٶȺܿ죬ܿǿɺԶ
ȥɿڣ
ĵ
Ȼ
ͷ
ʱ뿪ɣȻҪȥ̩ᵽǷɿߡ
Ƿɿڣĺܲ䣬ǵΪٴһءΪڵǰ˵ҪΪ֮ҪһڽѧԺɸǿߣǿΪ
ңּҡռҺ¼ң϶ŹǣҲҪǿʵӦԡ˵С̫ʵ㹻£ȻֻС̫ԼǿҪ
ߵĳɿˣһ·̩λöȥܿǷԽʮĹŴɽһƬɽ⡣
ǻԨɽ
׻ǰ
ͷ̩ʶӻ˵Ļط
£Űһˣ̩˵ľ꣬ⷽԨλã뵽һɽڡ
ûãǰǿһɽһɽ֮£һЩĺïܵţע⿴Ѱ
ˣȥ

ǰ·һֱӿɽ֮ڡ
ŽɽУһӱºһ⽻֯ڿС
Ȼǲ׵ĵط
۵
սɽߣ̾ƮڿУȫܲ
ȥ

ɽߺܿңԽߣǾԽеҲԽԽࡣ
úǰһСߴߣ֦Ҷï֯˵ĵ
ƺ֮ǰйӣǱȡˡ
ˮˮ
ʿȻǷһ۾ͿСйӴڵĺۼ
ӦþǱǸ̩ȡˡ

ߡ

ɿߺһ˼ߣøŨ;ֿһЩ꣬ͬʱбھĺۼʲôö˸ȡˡԴˣһ˲Ҳ֪ȡЩˣ̩ɱһ档
Ǽߣܿ죬ǰʱȥ
ʱ󣬿еøŨҲˣͬʱжһѹ
ﬣ
׻֪ʲôص¶ʱɱ𣬷ǳһͽ֮ᴩëը
ô£
¡
ղŵǵɱ̫ͻأˣҼΪ¡
м
ƿڣ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ԱҲ졣
ڵһʱ͹۲˶ٵеɱֽȴһͻɱڵɱҲܿס
֪׼ȷ߹ɱ֣
ʵ
Ȼ
ͷ
ɼΪƾҪ߹ôһڵɱ֣ѡ
ʵϣʵС̫ʵȫԴǿд߹ȥϾС̫ΪڣȫӲطĵɱ֡
Ȼа취߹ǾûбҪС̫֣ɲԡ
£תƽ֯̽Ѱķһɿȥ
Ǹ̩棬֮ǰӦþֹڸղŵĵɱ֮ˡ
׻˵
Ȼ
Ƶ
û˵ʲôƻܣһһ·ⷽɿȥ
漴һ۱һʱȥһ˿üڿµĵɱ֣ߵⷽɿߵľͷ
ȥɿ߾ͷܿһɸߵĹľǰʣϽһſ
ɱ
춯ݣеâ


1687 
ɿ߾ͷңʣһööȭͷСĹӣÿһö϶ǻ䣬ؼĵϰ㣬ǳ
һ۾ϳľΪɱһſһιÿһöɱ̺зǳ˵ܣ֮Ϊϴܴ꣬ôǳ󣬶֮κ˶Զе䣬ֵľˡ
ɱʮöɱȴС̫ѾòɱٶһС̨׵Ϊ
ɱ̩ݿСãһ˻׬ˣ
˫۷Ź⣬ȻҲϳǰĿ
Ͻģʵ
׻˫۸һȲģ
ͷ£һɱԵ㾶ֱһ˻ơ
СһΪǻ
С̫СһȻڣòɱ
ѽ
С̫۾ģӦ
һЦͰһ̿ʼŵɱ
Щ񲢲Ҫժ£ֱתžȡɱڵмɡ
һʱ䣬ֲһâԻطҫĸ
ˣ
ת̫ľȡɱϵɱУнɫ⽻֯ʱƱԽԽ貺ͳңͬǽɫԾ
һۣʱȥ
պһ죬ĽɫŨҵ㣬һɰڳطֱһ쫷硣
һ̣˫ۣâһš
ã
΢ȭоԼı仯Ϊڴﵽ۷壬Ǳøǿøǿڵϲ֮ǰǿ˺ܶࡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ط⼸ǿܳ𣬰ƺͰ׻ͻƣǴڴﵽ۷塣
ˬ
ϰԵĺ
׻Ҳһ˷ܣˮˮϲգܰȻĬĬĸԼǰ
ʣöɱ֮Ϊ

£һٴתԵĹžöɱڵľ۷Ϊ
󣬺ܿʱȥ
ʱöɱϣһ˵Ϊȹ̡
վԼС磬ɱֱӾ˽ȥ
ѾûбֻҪڣԺٽڼʱȻܾãܱûкãԺԷŵͥҩ԰ȥ
㻹۰
׻ĵ
бһۣôкһ˳ɿȥ
ϾⷽɿѾߵͷɱ⣬ѾûмֵĶˣɱϵбȻؼ
£һʱ·ܿ߳ɿߵķΧ
ȥʲô
ʵ
룬ûʲôر£ֱȥѧԺˡ
Դˣ˶ûκ
£С̫ͨеĿռŻһȺС
һ˲䣬ڰҰһʧ̩ϣ֮С
Ҳ֪˶ãڰҰиһ˿˿һɴһ²ʵʵϡ
ȥʵɽһһԻưɫеŨ㣬ҪҺ̬˰㣬֮
𣡡
໣
ķΧһĹŴɽ죬о˵޺˶Ĥۡ
ݣǲһ㣡
һ˳Ծ
ʣǴһµĴϣǴϣϣһɨܷݵķǷɽʣ񣬸涼ϤߴҪ
һݣȻǷ˽֮ܵأҲԳ֮أ
ˮˮ
䣡
ͻȻһͷڿգһ˫չʮɣ졣
ڼ
һ΢΢ݡ
⵹ǼɵͷݣȻᣬϾһΪǴ۷壬ܼɵһͷڼľݡ֮ԶݣΪϣһɽڳһͷݣȻڼĸ߶ȣʵЩ¡
ӿץһˣצֱӱצķ顣
쵯ָһâɳֱϣ˲佫֮ǧԶ
Ǵ۷壬ҪһͷڼݣʵǺס
ߣȥѧԺ
кһ˵
ţ
ͷ
ѧԺģһ㣬һȻ֪
С̫СһٴռŻһƶλá
һ̣һʧطĴɽУڡ
ģһûͣ٣ֱĳŵѧԺλöȥ
úǰһȺÿһ·ԳɽɣϢ磬һơ
Ⱥǰһ޴ĳ·ųһ㣬Ͽӡƣһ֮ͨšϷĸ׭ǳۣӲɣ֯˵ϢѧԺ
ˣ
лһĨâ
ѧԺԼܱߴǿĴУµ˵ǿطУȵԵԺӵݣǰ֮ǰǸ׷ᵽ·ȡ·ϵĽƬ
ʮƼڴˣʺүӺչҵǿ̨
ԶԶĿŵѧԺЩĵ
бһۣû˵ʲôкһ˳ŵѧԺȥ
ܿ죬ѧԺǰ
ʱ򣬵ѧԺͥǰŲʿӣŮӣǾʮ㣬ɵѧԺȥÿһѧԺڵˣڵѧԺǰһչʾһöӲӵĹһ֮ǰӰ׷õġһģһ
ǽѧԺʸֳֵֻ˲ſɽѧԺҪκοˡʵϣҲô˵ǳеˣѾǾϸĿˣΪǵѧԺʱ裬֤еˣõ˵ѧԺĿ϶ͨ˵ѧԺеĿˡ
ףⲻǸɱ˼Ὼնֵ𣿣Ȼط
ûǸˣ
һطûʲôڣܿǱطһʿж¶⡣
ˡҲѧԺˣ
Ӧǡ
ʿۣĿⶼϡ
ΰն֣˶ǰɰϵ𣬸ʮ㣬ɱ˵£Ǵн磬طЩʿȻѾ֪
ɼΪ͸ҿɱɰϵļῺն֣һɹˣǸʮĿ񣡡
С˵ֹ
ܹʸѧԺЩʿܲ˵һţǣͰɰϵȣȴǱȽϴģԣȺɼΪɱɰϵļῺն֣ѲЩ⡣
Сӣֻ֮˵˵ѣȫ
ĵ
һš
ǰ׼һ֮ʤˣֶ˲ݣȱɵ֮ˣҲѧԺ
һг


1688 Ұζ
ŲгԶһ꣬˫ЩϴһҪǣͷ΢͹ֻɫǣԼһ˿˿绡ϻƣ̺мµ
ǡؾߵİޣ
ǣؾҲˣǸɰϵʮߵ𣡡
ؾ廹û֮ǰżȻ˵ЩǰԺǸؾ尲ٺڵԺľ
طԺһʿ꣬ǲɵ¶ɵı顣
һΪǰɰʮλշһͷսޣ꣬ǾǶ԰ɰϵʮߵλ𲻾һˣǰɰʮλǲ
һ棬걾ʵҲǷǳǿ󣬱ǺİޣطõʸѧԺǿߣܶ඼ԾĲĶ֡
ʴˣԭطЩʿǳ˼ɡ
վһߣɨ˽һۣô
ô꿴Լɨһֶοɱˣ˵㱰ɵ˵ˣûʸѧԺ
˹ģүⱩƢˬŽ꣺ǹҲģ
Св
׻
ǴӲԸԿ죬Ȼܲˬ
ʱҲٴοˣƽأأأ
ԭ꣬ԷμңͲˡ
ܣʿǲɶݣǸɰϵʮλؾߵսޣұսҲǷǳ£Ͱ׻ƽǡ͡СӡĻȻƽʵȴǿƣʳǲ֮⣬ʵꡣ
ֱӳɭĿ졢Ͱ׻Ǿô˵
ʲôҪ˵

ؾ壡

һ˸ǰūݣҲҫж֪ܣ
ƽ
ܣʿһ£⻰Ƿ
ɫԵøɭⱬ䣺ɹŭˣ˵⻰ֱӶ֣һƳѹ£ȷӦѧԺûϵ㻹ԺҲýȥˣֱ
ѧԺʮȷĹأڵѧԺ֮ڣԺӼ䲻໥ɱ˽ѧԺκεԺӵ鷳ǣڵѧԺ֮⣬ô۵ѧԺĵϷκ£ѧԺ֡
ʵҲȷʵˣʱ򣬵ѧԺͥǰѧԺǸֻɨһۣȻ˽ڶɱ֣ȴû˿ʾ
䣡
𶯣Ĵѹ£Ť˿ռ䣬ֱа벽ɼĲ֯
ǿ
طһЩʿΪϢļ£ͬʱҲڰɰǸؾĿ¡ΪʵѾǳ֮вˣǿĽ꣬ȴֻǸؾߵһͷս޶ѣǸûȡ
Ǹˣ񻹲벽ɣҲǲʲô׼£Ҫˡ
Ӧˡ
ҡͷ
һ̣Щٴαɫ
ӭŽĴ֣Ҳһӭϣֱ۵һĴķ飬ѪˮС
⣿
һƣǸ벽ɼİ޵ֱۣ
ǰޣǱ֮ɶ˶˰Ȼܡ
ЩʿĿϣǲɵ𾪣һƸסˡ
ҲǱɫղȻûжȫҲųɵͨİ벽ɶסȻסˣҷֱ۸ķ顣
죬ֱ˲ؾ۶øС
롣
쿪ڣ˵Ļһ֣ݻӡŶԷѹȥ
ʱ¡¡ģӡգ긲£ǿѹ
͵һʱовһŭ𣬳ǿӭһơ
ͣ
һ죬ֱӱѹ飬ݻӡƲѹ£ʮռ䡣

о˸ѹٴŭͷֻǷŹ⣬ҲŹ⣬漴һֱλһͷɸߵľޣưɫܱߵ͵죬а֮ӿ
չ˱壡
Ĺ֣ޣ̺а֮չֱʱڵİ֮᳹׼ü˿£ʹ֮³ƻʣ
طһʿŽԻ壬о䱾⻷Ƶһâǲɵļ£оȰâĿ¡
껯壬ɸߣâƣĿ죺࣬Ҫ
졣
쵭ӡµ˿̼ѹԷаâ
㡭
껯ı尵޺ݺһͫ¶ӡļѹ֮£̵Ѻۣ̲סһҽУͬʱӡ
ƽӡѹ£ڶԷĲҽк˿Ҳ⣬ƫͷһߵİˮˮ֮ǰܷųʯûУȡǿҰζ


1689 
ĻˮˮǰһĿҰζϲĺܣ
Уģ
£ֱһ֣ȡһѵʯÿһʯԵúƵġ
ȥһ߰ѻϾ͹
ͷ
û⣡ˮˮظȻҪ˰ϹȥڲԶһλѰһտطһʯ˲ڵȻֿˣ
ЦŵͷƫͷĿӡѹŵİϡ
ӭ񣬿һ߰ˮˮĻ棬ټ֮ǰ˵ҪҰζǵȻ޵һɫغ࣬㲻Ҫؾ壬ɰʮλң˲Źģ
Һú¡

˵ţ̽ӡڣһöֱ֯ӳԷڡ

ӵл֮ܣ۷Ϊʩչ벽ɼİڣ˲ǳԷʶգۼԷꡣ
ʱ䣬û˶еʧһɶֻʣһ
⣬ˡ
طһʿ𺳣չֳİޣǿµĺܣ֮Գƻʣȴ򵥾ͱնˣЩΪս𺳡
漴Щ˿ѾʧȥϢİޣ죬ǲɵö¡ޣǿǸؾߵսްؾ壬ɲǼῺնֿȣ쾹ԥնɱߵսޡ
ȻЩ˵ҲĶЩ˵񣬵ȴ˿Ҳ⡣
֡
Ű޵ߵˮˮ׻ԣкͰ׻һֱӿʼëȥƤͳȣܿ콫޵׻Ͽ
ʯ׻¶Ⱦˣڰϣܿ͵촫һεηƵ͵䡣
ܣһʿһ
桭濾
Ŀ֮࣬ǰȻ˵ҪɿҰζȴ룬ȻôˣȻѧԺ֮⣬ն˼ڻϿ
Ʒ
̫̫ˣ⡭ɱȼ򵥵ɱҪǧٱ
һ˵ֱֻۣ̫̫˼ˣɱ˰޺Ŀ֮½ɿҰζֱǰǸؾ˰ϾԼսޱɱֵڱɿҰζ˵˲٣ˣؾڵ֪֮ҲֳܱĬԻǿƳֻɱ졣
ȻǵԺǰĵѧԺĻߣһֱޱϣʱһĻҲǲɵ¶һĨɫѧԺĸɱټǣѧԺһɰսնˣڵѧԺ׻֮Ұζ⵹ǵһμԹδ¡
Զ޵ʯ׻ϿзƵ͵Żʯ֮ϣ͵죬󣬺ܿƮ
ˡ


ˮˮ˫۷Ź⡣
С̫ҲǴŹ⣬ĽͰˮˮһϲҰζ
£һȡ´İ޿⣬һ˵
ǰ벽ɼİޣʣû˵ζ

Լǣ
׻ʮͬ
ѽ
С̫Ű޿⣬۾ģһҸģ
ܣһӵɵԲģʵڱһĻĹǺڽǸؾսնɱɿҰζֵƷֱ̫Ʒ̫ˣ
Ȼĵһ˶ڿߣһ鰵޿󣬿ЩʿλҪҪһһʣڸȷʵǷǳ
һʿԣͷƤһ
ˣ
лĺ⣡
ǣˣˣ
Լһȥһ޵Ŀ⣬ЩʿǼĴ˸Ц޿Ǹؾߵսޣն˰޽֮ɿҰζȻһһȥֱǰΪҪȥˣǾǸؾ壬ˣǲ
û£⻹ܶ࣬ÿ
Ц롣
治ã
ǲ
ԣǲһҲ
һʿԴҡĸ˹Ƶģҿ룬±ΪʲôرĹϵ
ǻǿϧĺܲġ
쵭Ц˺һ鰵޿ŵо׽
ʿ
ѧԺǰǰʿԽԽ࣬ȻҲȫǳŵΪԺһЩΧط֣ϾѧԺΪѾܱߴǿĴУµԺܻΧۡ
󣬼һˣòǳԾΪ֮ǰɱɰϵļῺն£˶֪ʱ챾ˣȻԲݡ漴һ˾ȻڵѧԺ׺쿾Ұ⣬ٵ֪쿾Ǹؾߵİޣϵһʿһʱø𾪡
ֱǡ̫ˣ
ӡ
һߣЩʿĿ⣬⣬ԹԵĺͰһƷŰ޵Ŀ⡣
ܿ죬һͷİޱһȫʱҲȥһʱֵʿɵƾŵѧԺҲԺǰԽȡڵԺǰĻ߹ĿԺʸ֤
ɨۣ΢΢ͷ漴ĿϣˣЩ˼
ʹطһʿǲɵöݣûмǴ⻹߽վط˵ĵһ仰
첻֪ǲǻ߽˵ĵһ仰ȴ֪߿еġЩ˼ָԼڵԺǰؾս޵£΢Щ˼ǰЦˡ
û˵ʲôֻǶ˰֣ʾԽԺˡ
ˡ
΢΢߿ȥԵЩĺȴǸµĴڣȻв
ϾǵѧԺˣѧԺڣûߡ
ܿ죬Ͱ뿪ֱӽԺ֮ڡ
ʼһԺһ˵ݣԺ֮ڣŨˣɲľʣ̨ͤԽ֯ŲɣϢڵ˵жԶ
ȴֻǱѣ£ʱһʱ䷢ｻ֯һ춯ص֣ƿɰһкͻһС
ôСӣʲôرã
Աߣ飬֪̲סʵ
ƹ⽻֯һ嫵Ĵּӳطʮ𣬿˵һԵء
ûкö
׻˫۷Ź⡣
У򡣡ͷŰ׻еĹøһģбһۣǶע⣬ǵѧԺ뱻


1690 
ѧԺ֮ȷʵĳַǷĶ̽ûܿǵʲôɢϢȴǷǳˣ̺к嫵Ϊ֮𶯡
ɱ
ٴѰ׻ɲͨط
׻ۣô˻үڴǶע⣿ֵôԣ
бһۣٴ
漴кһˣŵѧԺȥ
ѧԺǳ󣬴¥壬ǴŻϢУԼһʱ䳤еĸо
ڵԺڣܿаٺ˾ͬʱҲԴ̽˹֮ǰ׷ᵽ·һЩ¡
һƬأһͨʥ֮·

̽ݣ·ƿڵѧԺУÿһޱǻῪһΣֻеѧԺĵӲʸ·г޾Եɱ壬ͬʱҪǣ·ƺͨһʥռ䡣
ȻһֻǴԣΪԹҲû˴·νʥ
е޾Ե˵·ĿͨʲôʥʥһƬǳ˲õڣòƱҪˡ

ɲ飬Ȼܿ϶ооųϵĿġ˶ٵôѧԺʮžۼԺЩ˽·ĿľЩţͨͨʥŻ
԰Щɻ󣬵ȫûҪԵѧԺЩ߲ǿߵʵԶÿԺĵӣǰɰһ𣬵Ҳ޷͵ѧԺǿȰɣѧԺǿ߶޷·ϴͨͨʲôʥŻɵĵԺӣ͸ûϣŶԡ
Ӧʲôƣ뵥Ϊ޹ء
ڵ
ôһ˵Ƶݣ׻Ҳݡ
ͷ˵ĲǷʥĴڣҪͨͨʥŻǴʲôƣƣʹõѧԺľͷΪҪԼܱߴʿԺǵȥͨͨǷʥŻȻ˵ͨͨʥŻ뵥Ϊ޹أǣܴͨͨʥŻˣԲǷ֮ˣһǷǷģԣԺӵҪȻȻҲͷǳĸߡ
ôһ˵ƵǶݡ
ô˵·ͨʲôʥ򣿣һʥڣ
׻Ծ
ʥֵͷǳ򵥡
Ժܴ󣬲϶Ͼ˭ҲûǷʥ򡣡

һ˶ͷ£ûȷе˵ǷںǷ񲻴ڡ
ˣѾѧԺˣǽʲô
ˮˮʵ
ȽѧԺһ飬ϾԺϺܳʱ䡣

£һʱ뿪ѧԺ䡣
ѧԺľˣҲǷǳŨһڵѧԺڣ;ҲвͬڵѧԺĵߣ˼һˣĿ⵱ϣǲɵָָ㡣
ʵɵһϵ̫ˣǿɱ˰ɰϵļῺն֣ѧԺĵһ죬ֽǸؾߵս޸նˣʵǺѲ˶ݣ𺳡
Сӣͳˡ
ĵ
бһۣû
Ժ֮ڣΪԺ㹻󣬶ͽԣ۷ΪҲʱ䣬ǿȫ˵ѧԺ
ȻġȫֻͨԺܹȥĵطһЩرĵطȻûߵЩطһֻеԺ߲ſ̤㡣
ôµʱȥܵĳеǣѾԺΨаɰϵһЩǿ߻δѧԺ֮⣬֮ǰͥǰĻߣҲѾپΪֻʣ°ɰϵļʮδǼʮˣʱֱӽԺɣҪĴڡ
죬һս
Ҳºһ죬һڵѧԺ֮Ե÷ǳſ
ƾԱֶοɱ˰ɰϵλ𣬾ܽѧԺֱЦһս˽СүԶʸѧԺ
һɳڵӣ˿̾ڵѧԺ⣬ŵѧԺڴ󺰡
һ˲ĿȻڵһʱ֪£˵ԺӵĽ
⹷յģɳڶѣҲѧԺˣ
ĥ
ģ
׻ܲˬ
ǲԾΪλ֪֣Ϊ֮ǰڳֵѧԺĻչʾʱ˶ˣȻҲʹ˳ȥ
һ΢ù
ڵѧԺľڣһֽȥ
ǽ˵ѧԺǵԺӣѧԺṩκԴͷ­ѧԺˣɲΪ˵ѧԺʲôԴ˵ĿģֻһǺһѹǿҪ··ѰһڴԵȻҪǣܹ·봫˵еǷʥ
˽ܵ飬ɽ޾ȥЩɽе޶սĥ¼ңɽҲо˵ĵرֱΪˮˮѧԺİ˻ĹͷǳԺӶ
룬Ǿ͹գȥ˻Ĺմﵽɾ硣
˶ͷûʲô
ʱ䣬תֹȥһ졣
죬һս㵨СӭսСүһֻ֣
һ죬ǸӿڣڵѧԺոš
ԴɲͰһȥ˻ɽ׼
֮ʱƣѧԺ⣬ȴʼǸɳڵ⣬˽ս졣
˻Աֶο⣬ʲôһǴǸҳó˫һս𣿣
ҳӭսΪ֪ӭսذɣǸˣԣֻܹڵѧԺС
ֻһֻ㽻棬κͨ죬ɸҳӭս
Щ˸ԴţΪҪǣв˵ΪֻǴɼΣõѧԺһЩӶɵҡͷ
ЩԺȻ֪ǰ׼ֶοɱļῺն֣ƾս˵Ķ֣ô˵ΪҲǴɾһЩɾҲʵ˲֪ν
ͬʱĵԺԼ뵽ЩʲôڵѧԺſһȺˣвɵ΢
һȺȡĹˣүȥ
׻ĥ
ʲôЩ˹ģָʹѡ
챾˷Եúƽ
ţʲô˼
׻΢ɡ
Ǻ𡣡߳ѧԺȻڵѧԺ⽫һɱ


1691 ȫɵ
ڵѧԺЩ˵ı̫ˣôῴжߣһ֪Щ˹ڵѧԺڵѧԺ⽫֮ɱϾڵѧԺ֮ڣĳЩɱˣΪ
Ļ׻΢㶣漴˲Ȼôһ˵ô£˵ţֵҲЩ˽ɣ
ûЩڰƣΪȻѾ֪ڱ뼤ȥɱ죬ǾȻܺײµĻֵҪôǼּңҪôǺռңҪô¼ҡ
Ȼᡣ

֮ǰֻǺһȥ˻Ĺ׼ôЩˣڣ׼ǶѾãˣȻҪЩһЩӦ
Щ֮ĺ֣ȻҲõԼּҡռһ¼ң壬ǿҲֻǲ۷壬Ȼսȫס߻С̫ڣ֮£˭˶ɱ塣
£к׻Ͱһ߳ŵѧԺ֮ȥ
СһӹڵѧԺڣûһˣ
ԽΪ㾳һսң
ų򣡡
ѹΪླΣȻ˫һսɸҳӭս
ûôСˣƾʿȥսӦս
ѧԺ֮⣬ʿѾжʮˣ̣ſĺܡ
õѧԺһڵӶ΢΢ۣΪڣ˶еĶߣµЩָʹط߳Ժ
뽫ѧԺڵѧԺ⽫֮ɱ
Ѿˡ
ˣЩˣҲǵſĺܣŭͷǸ죬֪᲻һŭȥ
ֲǰ׳գȻóеĹ죬֪ǿ߲ڰеԼȥȻڵѧԺɱˣܻɵųȥ
⵹Ҳǡ
һЩѧԺڽ̸
죬ˣ
ʱһ
𣬸ղŻ۵һڵԺӶʱƫͷȥǿͰһУֱĳŵѧԺ֮ȥ
ʹһڵԺӽԲɵöݣĿϣ¶顣
ǡҪȥ
ȥҪȥ
ɵˣѵûвµڹ⼤ȥôҲܰ
⡭ŭͷԣ
һǼˣһҲҪһȥû
Ͱһ˱ֱĳŵѧԺ֮ȥһڵѧԺĿһĻǺܳԾ
ǿЩ˵ĹŹҲܿöЩ˵ɻ󣬲ȴ˿Ҳû⣬ܿǿѧԺ
ˣ
ѧԺ֮⣬ʮһΪףʱ򿴵߳ѧԺлһĨϲɫһĨη壬ٶԶ
һĻһڵѧԺӶǲɵҡͷĻ棬ȻǸ֤ʵЩ˵ĽָʹֻΪѧԺһı
䣡
䣡
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬ǿܷӿߴԻܵһʱʮռ䣬һΧУɱ⽻֯
ǡ۷弶
ѧԺһڵӶǲɵöݣ֮ǰѾ³֮ǰЩ˵ĽΪ߳ѧԺµǿطİ׼ɱ죬ȴҲû뵽طеǿߣȻ۷弶
۷ȼǿ߿ǿµĺܡ
λǰѾӦǵıλǰɱ˰
ԶʮУΪ׵꼤
ٲǵĺô
мһŽۣǱ˵ĺ⣬ɱâˡ
Ǽּһǿ棬߾۷壬żּǿż῱ɱɱɱŨҵĺܣĿƿɶꡣ
ԱߵߣһΪ¼ǿ棬ΪԼһʥնֱɱּͬһ޶еɱǳˡһߣĿڰϣҪӰｫŹͼ
쿴ˣоܵձȫˣоõϵĺɱ⣬ȴ˿Ҳ⣬Цּҡռҡ¼ң廹
˵⻰ͻȻֹסƫͷһȥ
ƫͷȥһ˲䣬Ǹϸֳһǿһ絶һ㣬ϢǳŨңȻڵΪ
ؾ壡
ɰϵʮλԺˣ
⡭סǸ죡
꣬ѧԺ⣬һٴ¶ɫ
ɰʮߵ𣬷Ҫͨ۷ضˡ
Щˣּ桢ռ¼棬ʱҲɵòĿؾ壬΢б仯
ˡЩ£
ΪڣսԱһ۷ǿ߻Ҫǿϲ٣
Ͱ׻¶ݡ
ƺͰˮˮҲǳԾ¶տտâȻǸоؾǿ
ȻҲܸоԷĿ£ʵ̫ǿʢˣ֮¹˿ɵˡ
졣
ؾԶĿϣûб˵ĺ⣬ֻһĮ
ҡ
ӭˣо˾޴ѹϵıȴ˿Ҳûб仯
ؾ岻˵ʲôɺĮ漴ֱֳ̧ѹ¡
¡¡ģֱһƬܽ֯еɱ˿Ρ
ֱֱӶˣҪɱˣ
ϻؾս޵ն˿ҰζԵؾȻҪɱ
һЩԺӵ
ּ˿ؾ峯춯֣ҲǶּ¼̧ɱ죬ռҲһɱ죬ڻɱѹͼ
һʱ䣬ֲ֣ܷӿϣѹʮ
ˣˣҪЩ飬Ҳøһȫ𣡡
һУݰҵڣӦò⣬Ͼҿǿĺܣûرĳޣؾ廹ǼּҡռҺ¼ңӦöɱ֡
⡭
ǸǾˣȾܻܹȥ
ŸѧԺ͡
ҲԼ޴ײµжߣֻҪԺ;Բ£ؾ壬ҲڵѧԺڶôȴƫƫҪ߳ѧԺѰ·
ǰ
ʿҡͷ
Ȼ챾˵ı飬ȴʼպƽ
ɱңϧյѪùģֻǡɨؾ塢ּ桢ռ¼棬΢Сһȫɵ
µһ˲䣬С̫Է˳ȥһɫֱӳ̼ʮ񷣬һ˵ɫˣֱĳؾûȥ˽ɫ䡣


1692 һ
ɫâԨƺϯأһʱ񷣬ʮҡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ּ桢ռ¼̽Ĵ˲䱻ķ飬ɡ
һߣؾ״Ҫϲ٣ȻҲ˼ɱֱȴǲûб飬ֻǸһܼѺۣͬ֩鲼ֱ֮ϡ
⣿
ǣǡ
ɣ
Ժһʿ𺧡
۷弶εϱǿߣһǰ߸ǿİɰ𣬾Ȼһ˲ͬʱˣ
ߵͷѩСޣȻȻôֲ⣬⡭
һʿĿС̫ϣȫˣ˲Ķ¡
ʱ򣬷ȥС̫һҲ󣬿ȥСƵɫȴǺ嫵ˣʥϢƺˢ
ּ桢ռ¼סΣ޸ֱۣǿС̫
ԭˣԭˣ֮ǰһĪɱģ
ҲУ
ּͺռɫԵѿһ˲˲ĶС̫ɱˡ
֮ǰǰռҶʱ;ɱּұŭһɱռȻҲܶԴ˲ܲˣΪ˰ϵĹͼҲɱһ֮ûйȥãɱȥǿ߱㶼䡣
Ǹʱ־ŭ㱾ΪǺйأҲʵ벻ܹͨʲôֶοʱɱǿߣȫ벻סȻڣǿˣԭ߾ȻһͷôֲСޣ֮ǰȥɱȻǱǰͷСɱ
һߣؾֱ۵˲ȬĿҲС̫ϣ΢ݡ
ڰɰʮλΪȻֻǴڣսȴǱȼּ桢ռ¼涼ҪǿһЩʱиоС̫ķǷ
СһһɵùǷϻʲô
쿪ڡ
ѽ
СһӦ˫һʱƵɫâ뽫ּ桢ռ桢¼ؾС
һʱ䣬ʥ֮طĲ񷶼ȾһƬɫ
ּ桢ռ¼ɫɫʵֲ̫ˣڵһʱһѹвͬʱȫ֡
һߣؾҲ΢жݣҲǸоɫĿ£ֱһܳ𣬳С̫ɫӭȥ
䣡
̳֣С̫ɫײһ𣬽һƬһƬ
ѽ
С̫Ľٴ΢һ󣬶ʱдƬɫƵһɫĺ󣬽ּû

ҽеһʱɫֲˣּ˲䱻ȼͨⶼãһλз׹ڵء

ʮһ۱ǹȥһӾֺͲʵĲҺּȫʧֻʣһѻҺɫҽڵѧԺĵر֮ϡ
ˡ
һ۷ôô
ܣһʿ
ǿһ۷弶ǿ߰Ȼһ˲ͱС̫յ
ռ¼ǿ֮ǰɫ⣬ʱһĻɵһȻؾҲٴζݡ
ڣ֪С̫ǿƵˣҲǲɵõ
Сֲ̫ˣ
׻¡
Ǻƽһ㶼ԾСһ壬ȴ˵еҪ߹ڣҪɱͨ۷ʿնݰ򵥡
ͬһʱ䣬Զ֮ǰڵԺĶʮ˸ɫ䡣
⣬⡭
Щ˿Сֿ̫죬ͷ亹סһֹסĲ
֮ǰּ桢ռ¼ǴôڵѧԺս죬߳ѧԺǺԥˣΪּ˿Ǵ۷壬ֶζΣվֻɶѣΪֻҪǼ죬ͱضֻһӲ۷ΧɱǸ赣챨ǣɰĵõּ˴Ӧǵı
ڣǰһĻˣζû뵽߾ȻһͷôֲСޣȻô̵ʱͽּ۷弶εǿɱǺεȿµս
ȺȻս㼤Σʣµĺռ¼в죿ɱ죿ܣǸɰϵؾҲаϣߺߵС̫ս̫ˣͨˣ˿Ҳܿó
ߣӣ
ʮУΪ׵кһ롣ЩˣۼʱһĻ¼˾ɱ죬֮ҲԲŹǣǱߡ
£ʮͬʱСԶˣ˵̫̫ԣĶ̫췢֡
ֻǣǵĶȻ΢ٲۣ죬Ϊ߳ѧԺһ˲䣬Ǿ̽΢ʮϡ
ʱ򣬼һ׼룬ƫͷ΢Σһǿ˹ȥ
Ҫˣ֮ǰǽĺһս𣿡ʮˣıƽսɣҸǻᣬһϡ


1693 Ӷ
ӭǰӭĻʮ֮ǰ˸һ
֣֡ᣡᣡֻǺ㿪Ц㡭㲻Ҫ⣡Ķ֣
Ϊ׵ŵ
ԱߣЩ֮ǰҲ̿ڣᣬͬʱ죬һ϶Ǵη֮ɫ
Ժһʿʮ˴˿̵ģǲɵ֮Աǡ
֮ǰǰſǰһȴŵĸèƵģһڶûС
ԭЩСѣָʲô߷ڣ
⵹Ҳǡ
һЩԺӵ
׻Ƶǿ˹ȥʱ֮ǰǶʮˣǲɵ¶Ц
ڶʮǰɺƽɣ֣ǻʲô
⻰һʮһ
֣⡭ᣡҲָʹ㡭ͷŹǰɣǵѧԺ콾ӣαغһʶ
Ϊ׵ӵη塣
ƽ·û˵Ļǲ֣Ҷˡ
䣬ҲʲôֱдƬâ֣ÿһޱȡ
ӭȽâʮ˲ĸˣһĳŸͬķӶȥΪеĸоЩâĿ£Ǹ͵ס
ɨվԭûжϵĽâͬˮһɳƳն

ҽ̼һһѪˮһɹɽȾһƬһƬա
ֻգ۶ѣʮ뱻ᴩͬʱ飬
ɱĺãһȺС˵ƨ

Դ˵û˿仯ʮǿҲɳڣ۷ΪҪɱôһȺˣɣȻʲô˵¡
ƫͷС̫ķЦСһҲЩǻøȥ
̬ȻĵѧԺһڵӲɵöһ£ֱǽռ桢¼ؾɰӲһˡ
ѽ
С̫ղڿɱǶʮˣʱǶʮˣĻӦ˫һֱǴƬɫ浴һĺ󣬺ƺƵĳźռѹȥ
¡¡ģȻ溧ţһʱգƿɷپһС
ռ桢¼ؾ嶼ɫ΢䣬ٺˣԳǿӭϣϢ鲼졣
صѣ˺һնΣնǸɵӣ
¼濴ؾٲȻǸоĵС̫Ŀ£ǸΪսԲС̫Ķ֡
ؾ΢˶٣΢΢ͷԭţǲмںɱеģʱǿС̫ʱҲо˾޴ѹΪսĲС̫Ķ֣Ψк¼ַſʤ㡣
¼ؾͷãǡ
ѽ
һ΢Щ𣬴¼Ļ
ԶС̫ٴζ˫ɫƵʮ
໣
һͷϻƶʣΧתһȦ󣬻һʥ⣬תۼ¼ǰ
¼󺧣⡭
ۣ
ֱײ֮ϣʵֱӽײķ飬ͬҲһ
һĻܵһʿǲɵһŶãһ۷弶С̫˲Ĩɱ
СҪˣ
׻ӡ
ȻֱЩˣɱ۷նݡ
ռ治΢ͫ˿оС̫Ŀֲ
һ̣ûԥֱӺˣһɹ⣬Զ
ͬȾļּ¼ȺױС̫ɱʱ˳֮µûܵסС̫ٶûáԣͣȥԲʲô£߲ǿԱ
۷ǿߣӡˡ
һʿ
۷弶ǿߣ˼߳ѧԺҪնɱ졣ˣıˣȴգնɱһˣˡ
С̫źռӶݣĽһֱһͷ˳ͬʵʥݰɣһ˲Ϣռû

ҽڵһʱ𣬺ռ汻ûֱӴӿ׹䣬׹ĹУǾֱը鿪ͬڵҲһ飬
ĵԺһʿǵС̫Բɵ
ͷСޣ򣬼ֱǡ
Ĳ
Ǻƽʱƫͷнֻʣµؾ塣
ʣˣ٣ɰϵΣһסСһ
Ц
ǷǳСһʲô壬ҲСһжǿؾͨ۷ǿ߻С̫ǰҲɲǶ֡
Сһˡ

ؾҪɱȻˣǾȻûзŹԷɣն
С̫Ӧɫⷭӿֱĳؾѹȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģɫ֮һжѹˣռٱѡ
ؾâ˸롣
´ټն㡣
ĿС̫ƿϣ䵭ĵ漴һ̨ڸӰɫѹǰһ˲ʧӰ١
⡭
ʧˣ
뿪ط
һڵѧԺĵӽǳԾǲɵø𺳣С̫ʱǲĺݺһǿɰʮλؾ壬ǰͷѩСʱȻѡ˳룬ȻǸоԼǶ֡
ռ䴫̨вٱĶ
쿴ؾʧλãȻһЦ
˵ܵĻ졣

ǰɫʧС̫˻ͷĹ档
ؾȻˣġ
û£´μ
ЦСһԴ
漴ɨطһڵѧԺһۣк뿪ѧԺԶİ˻ɽȥһʱ䣬Ƭɽ
ѧԺ⣬һʿһ뿪ıӰſͷϵС̫ǲɵֶ£С̫չֵĿսĲᡣ
ôһͷֲСߣԺж˸⣬ֱǡ
ļ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ѧԺ֮ڣһ¥۲һ׷߾վš
ˣֻСޣȻǴ˵еǸ壿
иһƾâ

һ뿪ѧԺٶȷŵĲҲת۱гȥԶ
漴ʮɽ˦һƬǳΡɽȺ֮⡣
ȥǰɽž˵޺дŨϵƲ㶼Ⱦ˻ɫԵЩˣͬǻĹ㡣
˻Ĺˡ



1694 սн
˻ĹھѧԺԶһλãľ죬ŨԶԶĿȥԿ޴ɽ֮䣬еܾˡ
һûаԥֱӳȥ
໣
𣡡
ʼһ˻Ĺ޵ĺХǱޱȴ̶նҡ
棬񼶵޶У
ݣʵ޺Х̫ǿˣ̺еˡ
ǿУǼ١

кһˣŹȥ
Խ֮ǰУеǾԵԽˣͬʱҲʿӰһЩǵѧԺӣͨʿΪⷽ˻Ĺ֮ڡ
һûЩˣƬɽȥеøŨ
䣡
úɶߵһˣ˫ͫɭ̣ܾˡ
۷弶
׻΢ʱ򻹲û뵽˻Ĺ̫ԶȴѾ۷弶ɱõƬɽе޴඼ǲ
¡¡ģձŤɸߵգ۱ɱһ˽ǰ
̧֣һƳһͷķɳȥԶһײʮߴĹľ漴ڵϣĵһӡ
ȥһЩλ
˵
һУȴС̫Ǵڼ⣬Ǵ۷壬ָƽҪͨе޶սĥǿǲͬε֣ҲѰҿȰ벽ɼս
ԼѰҿɳڵΪ֣Ͼʶԣ۷壬֮¸Ѿûж֣ɱ벽ɶնݡ
ͬʱΪ壬Ϊ۷壬Ƿǳǿ󣬺һҲѰҿɵս˲ſԶ𵽴ٽá
£һ˼˻ɽ֮ǰУúǿȥɾ롣
λϺ󣬿еøӾˣݵҲ֮ΧҪһЩҸʮֿ£ҲܿȰ벽ɣɳڵģҲ٣ڣп۷Ƭżû
ˣ

򣬶һ˵ǳʣѡʵĶսޡ
£Ͱ໥ѰʺԼǰ
ͬʱС̫Ƭĸ߿λΪһ˻ͻȻ¼˭вԼʱ
漴ת۶ѣһ˽ҵʺԼޣط޵ĺХøӼҡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ͬƬռںƵɳйľϣѪˮɽһ˳ȴС̫⣬ѰսޱȼңһƬƬա
һѰһͷɳڼǿޣɫڣȭ졣
𣡡
һͷͨԳֻͫΪһ֣ǳˣҴ츳ͨһһƬա
ͷͨԳսһ𣬾ܶԷɳʿҪһЩȴɺܿ£ܴСѹ
Դˣη޾壬ΪطΪѰѹǿѹʹԼ
ˣ
ӶȭȭâƵȭ죬Ĳһ̮
ͬʱ콣ɫĽâͬˮһ㸡֣ܼնԷ
һʱ䣬ĽâͿɲȭһطϵı
ˣͷɳʿİͨԳһսת۱ǰʱȥϴһЩ˺ۣɫΨЩףĵıȽء
棬ɳʿİͨԳǽƣٴοг˼ɵһ˿£ǰôСʮɸߵԣ΢ĩԣϢҲûǿսȴо˿ºвоһѷںԼײʱܽԼնѡ
𣡡
죬һͳŭ𣬶һѪٺˣֻǼԾʧԶĴ֮ڡ
쿴ŶԷ뿪û׷΢ٵϢϢڹȥʱָ˴뾫񣬶ٴζѰһͷ
֮ûȥãٴѰһͷɳʿޣΪһ׹񣬱֮ǰİͨԳҪǿһЩ
ûһ˿һԥֱӿԷɫӿֱӷ𹥻
׹ɲһƣǷŭһſڱǴƬĻħףƬֱӸյ
ܹоȻĿ£ȴ޾壬ֱӻףԻ𹥻
һʱ䣬¡¡ܺƵķռ䣬ɫ貣׷ڣ
ʱȥһžŭĺХ׹ŭ죬Ҵżɾ壬֮ͬǰİͨԳ㣬һѪһ˫ֱӶԶ
û׷ЩˣԭؿٵϢ񣬺ָܿ롣


ƬƶܿҵǿЩޣٴοʼµ֮ս
ʱܹʮ
ʱɿţƬﲻѰǿɳڼ޶սһ۱ʱȥ
ˣ
ºһ죬ޱȵȭѪ䳤գӶȭһͷɳڵ޺ķѣͬҲһȭ֮ڡ
ͬʱһ죬һɰڵֱγһ쫷磬նķ飬侫ڶ̶̵һ˲һµĸ߶ȡ
벽ɣ
ȾŲѪ΢΢ȭͷտտĹ֯


1695 ؾɱ
Խ֯Ũңн֯â
һͷͷǿɳڼ޶սʱ䣬һ죬Ϊٴͻƣ۷徳ﵽ벽ɡ
á
΢΢ȭʱоԼǿʶȽǱøǿսһ޴
ԾţΪɱͨɳʿԲ̫ѡ
ңͻƵ벽ɵӰ죬ʶе񽣶ɵ΢¡
΢΢һʱټѰ޶սһԾԱһ׳ľ֦ϣ֦ϥ£Ŀڤ롣
ʱĿڤ룬Ϊ˹ΪΪһεĽͨʱﲻǿ޵սʵˣνǱͷǳȹ̺ʵһЩͨĵرһȫҪºҪķһʱȥ´ﵽľ磬ȫǹ
ʱĿڤ룬Ҫ˼֮ҪԵɾ١
ϾѾﵽ벽ɣɲνֻа벽֮ңҪ˶ʱܿȥȻҪǰöɽ׼
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ƭڣطâڽ֯˻ڼĥ¡
ˣʱһΣתǰʱȥ
һ죬һҵĺص֮ᴩʮգ֮ͬǰǰ㣬ɱһͷɳڵǿޣ뵽벽ɾΣȻȻ֮⣬ʱ͵졣
΢΢˫ۣŰ￴ȥΪһƵâǿ΢ܹһа㡣
ǿõĿ⣬￴ۣ˶٣һԶգתۼ䣬ǸطŭһͷڼޱƬ׹һܵһȫƻ
죺
սˡ
Ÿյ벽ɣ̱ȥսڵޣȻͨǿѹĶսʹ
ҡҡͷ˼Լɽٵ¡
ˣת֮䣬һµʱš
䣡
䣡
䣡
һµʱڣһǿϢȺⷽڳ𣬰ˮˮƺͰ׻ͻƣԴﵽ벽ɾ
úúã΢΢İ벽͵ɾˣ
оâտտ
׻˵ĵرˬֱ̫ˣ
⽫µʱв޼սڼһһ⵽󴴣֮ǰĵرĹȣֱǵõ
˵
Ʒǳͬ
Ҫô˵ĻүȻҲôáҲͷһڹľ֦ϵ죺Сӣȫ衢ȥش䣬֮ۺ졣
бӹү
ǿ߼ۺĶô׿Ѱõ
ѽ
С̫ʱӸ߿н£ͷСצָطϷ򣬸ղǸԶо˺Ũĵ
쵱¶ݣԭڿն˳Сָ̫ķȥ仯һƻƶֱۡ

ۣСָ̫ϷԼ俴һƬ֮⡣
֮⴦ϷԶһλϣֻżһ˲ֱʧ漴Ƕݵĸ֣һʧ
ʹеоâ֯ȳ˵в֮
£кƵˣ򵥺һ˵
ɱϹȥ
׻˫ֱŹ⣬һ˷ܵı顣
ͷ£ΪףһֱӳϷȥתǧɡ
ҲʱպŤаѹ֣񷶼Ϊ֮΢
ԶӰһź£絶Ȼǰɰʮλؾ塣Աߣһ£ɫĮϢȴǱؾ廹Ҫǿᣬһͷ˯еް㣬ԻһС
һ˿ͻȻֵؾԱߵ꣬ǲɵֹסŲ
΢΢˫ۣɨؾԱߵ꣬ûж˵ʲô
ˣؾȻ죬ԷٷְΪɱ
ؾߵ꣬ʱҲ֪ؾİ֣Ͼؾ֪С̫ǿڣԼһ˵ԲС̫Ķ֣Ҳв
Сӣϴûɣ
ЦȻĳؾ߲ơ
ѽ
С̫ʱĿؾϣֱɫ⽻֯
֮ǰؾӵǺܲš
ؾĿС̫ϣоâҲâԵ棬ͷѩСޣͿæˣʵ⡣
Ϊ棬ؾȻϵͷǰһ
£һһɼΪɲϢڵֱӱƬ񷡣
벽񣿣
׻ʧɫ


1696 Լɽײ
ӿܷ΢ϢӿضѹУ˵Ĳʹʮ̣漴͵
ʱ׻˶ǳԾ
ôǿ
üͷ
벽񼶿ɲǿЦģңȥԷȻͨİ벽
Ͼǰɰʮһλʵǳ

ɰϵˣ˽һЩȻ֪Ϊꡣ
ֻǣ뵽ǣԷȻؾϵס
ƣЩ䵭ʱС̫ϣʶ֮ȻؾԵǰ㣬ҪǣסС̫ңʶС̫ʱŶĿâڽ֯ѹֱӳС̫ȥ
ѽ
С̫ɫӿֱӳӿѹȥ
ߵײһ𣬵һʱ˴Ƭռ䡣
ؾĿϣɱ⣬һȥ
ʱС̫ȻԱߣڣȫ⡣
С̫ǰ֪Ҫɱ֣ɫӳңҪŶԷѹȥ
Сһˣ
ʱ
С̫ƫСԴĿ죺ѽ
ˮˮƵǶ⡣
Сӣ˼ǣ֣
ˣһڰ벽ΣһڲΣҶǰɰϵ֣ȷ
Ͱ׻ǵۣǿľ磬Ҳס˲Ŷԣ̫ˡ
ȵİҲ΢΢üȻҲ벻ͨΪʲô˵Ȼ
һЦûж˵ʲôǰӭŶؾȥ
װģ
ؾĵɨһСֱ̫Ӷ֣֮ѹ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߵҲˣѹ죬ٴɢǳϢС̫ѹȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģƬ̮
С̫ĽȻҪ֣ɼһĻǵ죬ɫٴν֯ӿӭϡ
Ҳʱ֯Ƭ߲⣬һɫâüĻѹء
ͣ
ͣ
촫ؾܣһʱǱѹƵķ顣
ˮˮƺͰ׻˶ǵɴ˫ۣҲ¶ݣʱоɫ񽣵Ŀֲ
¶ɫǰ񽣣СӣʱȻԻǱ񽣣񽣣ǳŶô£նһУѹʱԼ֣
漴ؾ棬¶ϷŰı飬ҪѪùˡ
ѽ
С̫۴۾ҲĿù񽣣֪żǿ
棬ؾ涼Ǳ΢䣬Ŀⶼ컽߲ϣžɫҲžâ
ö
濪ڣ¶Ҿâ컽߲񽣣ֱһǿ˹ȥӿɲİ벽ϢƺƵѹȥȻǿ컽߲񽣣ʱ죬Ҫǿж߲񽣡
쿴˳΢΢Цס߲񽣣һ
ﬣ
̶һ߲ʽնգһ˲ڶԷǰ
ۣ
Ѫˮͻأ䣬ֱӱᴩ̵һֱը鿪
һĻİˮˮ𾪣ֻһѱ㽫һ벽ķ飿
⣬ѽ
׻ӽҪɳĶе߲񽣡
һ֮ˣֲ̫ˣ
֮ǰѼЩ߲ɫԴйأ
е߲񽣣һƾâ֯
һߣؾݣȻһʼ͸о컽߲񽣷ǳ£ȴû뵽ô£벽񼶵澹Ȼһס
㿴ȥܳԾ

߲񽣱УĿʱؾϣֱӱϡ
֮ǰΪﵽ벽ɣʶе߲΢£ʹʱӦԼڶʱڿԻʹãԣڼؾطʱ΢жݣ漴ؾ壬ȻʱŰɱֱԼ緢ľɽײ
ﬣ
һе߲񽣣ֱд̶Ľصһɫâ˲Ϣնϡ嫺һʱѹʮգƺɱ졣
ؾоһĿֲٶܡ
ֻǣɫâٶȺƶԶԶԤϣֻһ˲ѣɫâնǰֱĴؿڴᴩ롣
£۵һĿѪ콦䣬ͬǰ㣬ֱӱն飬ΨǿȴҲǳŵѺۡ


1697 նɱ
ѪˮƮڿУؾ屻һն飬Ŀġ
ѽֱǡ
׻Ӳûɳؾ壬һڰ벽߶ȣһڣҸǰɰϵʳսʮȴǱһһɵն飬Ȼ棬Щ㤡
䣡
䣡
ܷӿϢ֯ؾȺؾ۳
мֵĺܺã
ͳоâȴһӳռĹ⣬ֱĶе߲񽣡
һ̣ˣ벽񼶵ܷϯдͨеâ֯ٴѹ졣
ȻҪ񽣡
ΪΪɰʮһλ۹ǷǳģȻó߲񽣵ķǷ
ΪֱͨŤʮռһ˲Ǳȫѹơ
ԴˣֻЦ֮ͬǰǰ򵥣˦־һһ߲ɫֱĳŶԷնȥ
ۣ
߲ʽһʱͨٴν֮նķ顣
ȻǾ͵һɱ㡣

񽣾ɱ˹ȥڶԷո۳һ˲䣬ǱֱһŶԷն¡
ģܱһֱӱ飬Ľ߲˵ݿࡣ
۵һŸո۵գۼǱѹķ顣

洫ͺ𣬰벽񼶵ӿ̼ٴ۶еľɫøŨеĸое߲ж¡
ҲǸо߲񽣵Ŀ£еľâø貣
ȻóԷڴе߲񽣵ע⣬һЦٴѹ˹ȥ
䶯ֱӣǳ񽣻ӽһնʮŵ߲ʽ⡣
ʮŵ߲ʽһ𣬽ﲻ֮һȫʧ
ͺֱӳʮɵϸǿͨӭϡ
ֻǣʮŵ߲ʽâ̫ˣ˲С
ۣ
һΣֱӱ飬Ѫˮ춼ǡ
⡭ȫס
׻Ƕһ¡
о϶Ѿȫһˡ
ˮˮ˿Һ
ʱκ˶Կó߲񽣵ٲȻǿޱ޼ʣ٣֮¾޵еģȻǰɰʮһλսǿƥڳ߲񽣵ǰȴҲȫûп֮
ģѪ䶯֮죬ϣٴνؾе߲񽣣йâŨҡ
ߣ
ؾ絽ǰʱ˳߲ڣȻҲԲܵס
ȻҲǸоĵһ㣬ĿƵĿ߲񽣣ȼĴң
˵ţؾܹϵĿʼˡ
Ц̧־һֱնգؾͬʱض¡
ˣѾûнԣĽؾһ

Ż䣬ǲһ˲ͬʱƵؾǰе߲񽣺ٴն¡
ﬣ
̶߲ʽѹ֮ѹ棬ͬʱԱߵؾҲһС
ؾ嶼ΪȽ壬Եͺ𣬳ʮɵ򿹺⣬ҸԳһӭϣ߲ʽâʱʱû˿Ĵ⡣
ֻǣȷ߲ʽâĹԵ̫ˣֻգۼѱǱķ飬˸ͬʱնڵأϵ˲ࡣ
⻹ͷ˴뽫ΪãĻڸղһ£ֱӱǻҷˡ
ﬣ
նһ˫ؾϣֱӽķ顣
ͬһʱ䣬϶̧֣նڵص˵ץУֱ֮ϵ˵ʶӡǸĨȥ
㡭
ؾؾ۳һĻɫüΪɭ
ǵôˣ
쿴Цֳ񽣣𶯳߲⣬߲ΪʩչӡݻһֱаҵͼѹʮգؾͬʱС
ǵǺܲףһúá
Ц
˶ǿߣ̵ˣ߲֮ڱסǵ£׽˻ɱ
󣬾ڵһʩչʥԶԿɾȥ
ˣ
ͼ֮ʩչҲ֪Ŷǿֻܿͼ֣ʮռ䵱գܱһֱӱѹơ
ؾԶһʱ֮ӡĴڣͻأоԼжüѣھҡ
ͼķΧ
ҧ
ֻǣôȴǺá
ѾˣʵѳķΧûǸܡ
һӡâʱøŨ߲⻷ƣʹؾһ˲ȫж
񽣱߶ӡһˣοѵĿ
ﬣ
Ŀϣһ̧֣˦־һɫâֱüĶȥٶȿ켫ҲĻꡣ
漴۵һ澪ŭʵĲҽУɫâüĹ룬״һѪе֮תʧӰ١


1698 ɾ
ѪˮɽһĿƮУüıᴩһѪķǳеȴ̼ʧӰ٣ڣȴˡ
䡭̬
׻̲ס¡
棬ɰʮһλ𣬰벽񾳵ΪȴȻ򵥾ͱնɱˡ
ѽֱǡ
ҲǶ¡
ˮˮɴۣʱҲǲס˸ʵǱ񽣾Ĳᡣ
һߣһϮµؾȫͫһɫˣٴκˣʮâһͨԣԶҪ뿪ط
ǿ澹Ȼô׾ͱɱҲûϵûϵ߲ɫ񽣵Ĵڡ
ˣ
ϣӡһԻ䣬һʱǽؾٴν
˵ѾʵŷӡͼķΧ

ӡΪͬһ㣬Ծ޹Žδʱ̵߲ݻӡһؾҲ޷ͼ
ڣʱһεǿߣҲ÷Щſʱͼ⡣
֣ҵһжû
ؾ
ԣɵЦҲǹʸ˵ֻ㲻ԼǰǸʲô״˵ţе߲񽣱ֱ漴ƽһɱߣ˺ɱ֮
ʲôĺˣҲԲʲôôȱˣɱֲܻ⡣
ﬣ
һĿĽâƳգ߲ĻӶնһ߲ʽ⡣
ؾɫ䣬̲סеס
ۣ
ѪˮֱӴĻ߲ʽâüĹᴩһ˲佫֮ʶڵʵķ飬ʹеۿɼٶȿ
ͬǰ㣬ǻڣȴѾ
ת۸ɵ𰡣ңһˣǰɰʮһ
ĵе߲񽣣ǳԾǲɵ˷ܡ
һɰʮһλһɰʮλ㱻նɱطѹԵѹնɱʵ𺳡
ˬˬ
׻
ǿɱ׷ɱĸоò˵˺ˬ졣
һЦһ̣е߲ԣ𶯣һ߲ʹüģתۼ»صʶײʯ㰲
ʱˡ

ΪȻżܻ߲񽣣ƿصʱȴҲǲ
ˮˮŴ۾ǰѽʲôֱ̫ˣ㾹ȻоһռĵƵģֲ̫ˣ
֪ȻʮЩʢĴ󴫳д壬ڵǿ̱ҲԶԶûǱ߲ǰ£ǱϢĿѹؼһУûκοɵֵ
ǰ㣬һǿĹű

ˮˮͷ漴ɻ󣬵ǣȻôһڿµĹűǰ߳ѧԺʱ򣬸ҪСһֶԸּЩأǰѽ㵱ʱͿԽ˶նɱɾİؾʱҲӲ
ΪܹǱļʷǳСڻûа취ƿأҪǱԼ춯ʱǿ

طˣǹѣֵԣʵûʲôġ
ˮˮݣ죺ԵøӺ͹Źֻ֣һѣôԼʶƵģˣһ£
죺
ô˵ɡ
ЦԼҲЩΡ
䣬ûм˵ԣֽ̧ؾץ˹
˵ǣ£һڰ벽񾳣һڣ̵ԺܾˣʥԶڶʱԵΪٴٿԶӰ벽ɲδﵽɾ߶ȡ
ߣҵط
˫۷Ź⡣
ʱ˵ǣȻ֪ʲôĴ㡣
ͷһ˺ܿⷽɽѰһεɽߣһʮ֮󣬷ɽϥ£С̫Ϊǻ
ɣҾͲˡ
ˮˮڵ֪ʥʩ̺ҡͷϾŮӣһŮʬ׳ϻЩִ
쵹ҲܹµóˮˮʲôͷУ֮Ѱмֵĵرȸʹá
ˮˮһǵĻ飬Դѣ˽ġ
£ơ׻ΧؾԱߣתʥһǺͰ벽񾳵ǡ
һʱ䣬ͬâ֯طɽҫһƬ
ˣ
תʥɫâŨһٶ
ˣʱţһ۱ʱȥ
ºһ죬Ľɫ΢󽥽㵽ڡ
漴һ̣˫ۣУâһû
ˣ
ˮˮ˫ۣĽɫҲʧ̲סСʵ
ʱˡ
Ц
µʱ䣬ʥȡǵ׳ʱѾߵ˰벽ͷһǿԿɾΣ󣬻ɼٽٶ¡ԣʱټ׳ˡ
ͣ׼һӦ֮ɴٵ¡
ʵϣ֮ɾӦȥӦԶɹѾ˷Ͼ֮ǰͨº޶սﵽ벽ɺ˼⡣
°ˣڼʥ׳Լվߵһߣĵޡ
޽ʥϣȥѰط١
֮ʱһΣǰ¹ȥ
ºȫɱ̵һɶȫʧ׻ƣȺ뵽ɾΣɢľ񣬶һʵ
ңɢĵøӾˣԼµɵϢֶ
ΪʿΪڴﵽɾ߶֮󣬶ǿµɵ
ڵˣ
˷ܡ
ɵɣһʵɱ䡣
ȷʽͻ̹޶սĥʲôͻƣʵ̫ˡ
׻ûгϢ
ҲԵЩһߣĬĬĸԼ
Сӣôڰ벽ɣ
ʱ׻죬Щ档
Ҫɽ١

׻ȻԶԶԣ¸ˣ˵ţ죬ֲɵĵСϱӿ϶Ǹɾ캦£ҪȻⱲôôùһ·׷
ϵǲɵðߣ߷᲻˵
ɨһۣ԰Ƶ˵ȥҸĵطҶɽ١˵ţ̧ͷⷽ˻ĹϷԶҶɽٳɹٻǸطȥһ


1699 ڶ
ⷽУϷԶȷʵԵЩһڣܻŷǳ׵䱦ǸطȻˣǾȻҪȥǸطһ
ʱ򣬶ɽ֮ȻӦðڵһλԣҪȥɹɽ٣۷أȥƬڡ
һ棬Ǹط˽ȵǣΪǸطûпκ˼ңҪǣһ˿ɷֲ쳣
ߡ
кˣС̫һռŻֱӴת뿪
֮󣬴ºķ˰ʱʱ䣬С̫ռŻѰһǳķϵĵ򣬷Բǧڶκ̣û
Ȼλͣǳʺɽ١
ȥԶҡ
԰˵С̫طԶΪ
֮׽֮вСһ̳
ʵϣСһʵʵֱӰ٣ϾСһǴڣ壬սǿĺˣٲ¡ֻǣԸֱӾСһְɹ٣ΪȻ£ҲһԼȹôܶࡣ
վƬķλã΢΢һ΢ɫâڣʼɾ磬󣬽ֻʱȥĽɫ⾶ֱøӷ貣һɰĴڻȻᵴ
һֱ̣ӳɲΡ
ˣ
̼䣬̶쳹񷣬ط˲һƬһ޴ת۽֯ڲ֮ϣһѪɫзڣҪ
ӭĴһԲʮﷶΧڣһı飬һ̮ռȫܲסȻ
ǵ·ǿ׻֮κʿϢֲˡ
һ٣ÿһζôţֱΪ˻𡣡

̬
ˮˮ
ԭʿֻͨɾ٣ȴûһ󾳽綼٣ңÿٶǿŵĺˣʵ𺳡
ĬĬΨоâտտһ˲˲ĿԶĵ졣
䣡
ϣɫתһѪɫ罻֯ڣһһգʹõҲžҡһ֩ѷ졣
ƽվڵرͷŲϵɫƣԵ÷ǳƽ
ɡ
֮⽻֯ʱֱӽת
Ҳʱ𣬰һֲһ׷ѹ£Ϊһ޴ֱӽչᴩһֱĳѹ
һ֮Ȼ۷ǿҲöݱɫΪʵЩֲ
ԴȴǷǳƽ˿޾壬ֱһȭ׷ӭȥ
ȭ˽֯ɫ磬͵һ췣ֱײһ
£һʮձ𣬵һ췣һȭ
ˡ
ˮˮӣŸտɾ򵥵һȭȴǰֲƣţղһȭǿһȭһ۷ǿߡ
䣡
ϣٴκָӿµĻϢ֡
ڶ׷ʱֱԻΪһƬɽȺÿһɽƿѹһУ֮һ׷Ҳ֪ǿ˶ٱȫһΡ
׷֣ʮضΪ֮ҡ֮ٴѹ졣
⡭
ӭ׷׻̲ס£ֻ׷˲ͿԽһ۷弶𣬸ûлܹ׷µֵȫס
¡¡ģ׷ٶȼ죬Ⱥɽ𶯣תѹͷ
Ȼоõ׷жǿ󣬵ȴû˿ɵ֯ŵɫ΢΢漴ʧһ̣һɫ绡ӿ͵죬֯ŵϢ֮ǰɫ绡ǿ̫̫ࡣ
ݣ
һ촫ɫϡ
ת۶ѣɫѹµĵڶ׷ײһ
һܵȫ𣬵ڶ׷գۼʧ
׷Ҳôɾͻٵˣ
ˮˮԾ
֮ϣںƬرøڡ
վԭأɫ粻ʱ͵죬ͷŲ񷣺
ƿصһ̶п֮ܣܹؾɵ͵ߣؾӦɫֱΪϡ졢ڣ⽻֯ɫ磬Ѿﵽڶؾı֣Զȵһؾ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ϣһֺ֡͵׷һ֡
̶ѣֲӿʮȫȻС
޾壬ɫڣֱնϣ׷ȥ
ңͬʱһɵڻһϣһ֮٣һԵڱԴǿ


1700 
ѣԣͬһʱ䣬ǿյĻȴҲ̺ܣٴ˵ѵĴĥʽ
컽ɵΪɲΣıԴҲ֮ʱ򻽳ɵյڱԴԵͥʹ֮øӾ⣬øǿ
䣡
˻ġ
ɵâ¶ɫ֮һ̶ȵĵʹɵһ׽֮³ܻԵĴ죬һҲ׹顣
һʱ䣬¡¡ɵ֮¸һѺۣɢɫɹ⣬øӴ⣬󣬵ֵֺ͵ֵ׷ʹ
⣬ɫ֮˸ž죬
ԼľɵʹϵѺָɢĺ֮øӾ˺ʹ⡣
䣡
ϣ׷֣һƬѹ£Ϣǿҡ
쿴ѹµ꣬н֯һƾâ˶ٺȥ
ɵϣһ񷡣
¡ֻɲǼѣɵͬһ׹û
һ촫ɵһֱӱ飬һε׷֮ǰ׷Ҫǿ̫ࡣ
ۣ
ͬһʱ䣬ѪˮĽһ֮ϣѪĽѪɣ漴ڹȥɼķǡ
ԶͰˮˮ˶Ϊ֮ɫ
׷Ѿסˣټֱ̫ˣոսɾˣ˭ܹɹ٣
׻
ô˵ţȴİΣΪڼС̫ʱԳ֣ⳡ١
ġ
ԱߣͻȻڣеľâŨ
⻰׻ʱ¶ɻ֮ɫģʲô˼ģ˵ӡԼ
ԱߣͰˮˮҲһ
ٱǿ

ţչֳɫܹ֮ĸоǵɫĿºǿᣬǵɫҪ׷Բѣȴǰֱӭϵ׷ûʹɫ磬ˣԿ϶ǹģҪ֮ĥһĥԼ
䣡
ģϣһδ¡
ģ飬ʮǿгܹ׷
һ̣Ѫ䶯죬ûñ۳
͵⽻֯ȻδתδչɵʱȴҲҲһƾ˵׹֣Ϣܾˡ
ǿһЩ
΢΢ȭŵ
ͬ˵ǰ㣬ȷʵǹٽԼ飬ǵȻ֮ΪԭԼ嵱Ƿһ֮´ĥ
ҪԴԼøǿ
ˣ
𶯣죬֡ڰֺ͵ھ׷һ·ѹ¡
ӭָµ׷н֯һƾâٴμֱϡ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬һֱֱӱ飬Ѫķ
ȴûκα仯ת֮ɻϣĸ֣ɼһλѪ
漴۵׷ҪѹĸӳףһƬƬѪˮ͹ƮڿУȥĿġ
࣡
Ѫ䶯ǿгֵܹ׷ѵؾ۳
漴ȭǸо˸ǿʱֱͻһޣǶǿߣҲȫ޾塣ڵǱøӻ;ˣʶȣҲǿ˲١
ңǿд£ΪҲ
ŲϵĹеľâøŨ
µһ˲䣬˵һһ׷¡
һٲ֮ûʲôԱȫˡ
޾壬оâտտκηٴγ뵽׷֮ڡ
ۣ
ӿɲĵʮ׷ֱӱǽ顣
֮ͬǰһ׷㣬ʮ׷ûеһʱɢȥԻѹʹԭѾø顣
һĻȴİˮˮˣǲɵü˸
ֿǿг֮ĥԼ֮ǶԼݣģ
׻̲ס˿Һ


1701 
ʱ԰֮󣬰׻һ˶ǷȷʵǹԼ֮УȫʹһʵЩľ
һǡ
ˮˮӡ
Թ߶٣ƴһֶȥ׷⣬ȴȥ֮УֱЩ
䣡
ӿϢѹ䣬ʮֵ׷ѹ壬ʹ֮ɢϢһӱ˥٣Ҫĥһ㡣
ܿ죬ʮȥʮֵ׷ǻ΢ʧ
УѪ䣬鲼йء
࣡
â֯Ѫ䶯ܿ죬۳
һ̣ɫЩ԰ףϢ˲٣еľâȴŨ
Ȼ˿̵ɫúܲ԰ףϢúȴܹоʶȵı仯Աñ֮ǰǿһЩ
ңΪ磬Ҳһʼʱ˲٣ʱ׷ĺѪһ̶Щ֮ΪѾҪﵽɳжξΡ
Ȼǿг֮Ȼܵ𺦱Ƚϴ󣬵õĺôҲܴ
ˣ
һʥı˰㣬ڵĲϣתʮһ׷ֶȵʮ׷Ҳֲ֪˶ٱǿԻһС
ɫв԰ף࣬ӭӿµ׷ȴ˿Ҳ޾壬ԼǿȥܣԵĻٴĥ
漴֮׷һֽһ£ת۱ʮ֡
ʮֵ׷˥͹ȣȴǱñȸոտɳʱǿ̫̫࣬ΪȻǴﵽɳС̨׵۷弶Ρ
ˣ
һصʮ׷ѹ£Ϊһſž޴ǳһǿհ׹䣬δѹǰʹһѺۡ
ʣ׷Ŀֲ
վʮ׷£΢΢һ漴ƫͷһߵС̫
ڲκο£ʮ׷ĥ֮Ѿﵽ˼ޣʮ׷Ҳ״̬Եֵ£ϾȻΪһʼǿˣȴ̫صˣʱӲ뵱ǰΪƥս
ԶС̫Ȼ˼Ƿ˹ȥһֱӱдƬɫ⳯Ųȥ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һǱһſŻ飬ʮ׷ת۱
׷Ȼ£վֻɼ٣СһȴǴڣұ壬ˣȻ׾٣ûκѶȡ
վһߣת̫ľϢͬʱ΢һɫĲƬ۵ԣΪɵɴ֮±ĲƬʱЩƬأԼıԴͽɫʹЩƬٵΡ
ת۶ѣɵ۶ɫĺøӵľˡ
֮ϣӡǱøӶ࣬ڱӾ߱ϣƺѹһС
ã

ΪıԴٴ˺ܶΣĽǳ⡣
ΪһֻǳڼȴԿֲޱȣǺͨײҲԵ̫ѣٲױ١
ˣ
ɫתƬرøڣϢŨ
ɫУһӰ֣ʹͷʿжϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰɲǼʮضΪ֮ҡԵϢǰʮ׷Ҫֲ
⣬Ϣ
׻һ
ЩӰʵ̲סĲֲ̫ˣܻһС
վģܹоⳡɴٵһ׷ͬʱȻҲܸо׷жôֲš
ͬʱҲ΢΢üΪһδ٣һ׷ģԲݡ
ȻݣȴҲû̫⣬ϾҲȫ벻ͨ
䣡
һ죬񷶼̮ˣʮ׷ŻһеϢƺƵĳѹ䡣
֮Ի٣
ѽ
С̫Ĺɫӿһɫ˻񷡣
תۼѣɫѹĵʮ׷ײһ𣬳ƬӰһһ飬漴ʮֵ׷ʧϵɫУҲǻɢ
գ±
ǳɹɹȥˡ
Զ
ڵС̫һ߻ɹɹǱȻĽˮˮڣǲɵ÷ۣԶԶɨ죬һֱ̫Ҫˣ̫ˣȻַʽĥԼʵЩݣ
ɲǡ
׻ͬС
û˵ʲôֻǶĿǰ졣
رȫˣƲ
ˣ
ձһƬ߲ɫƿ۶ͷϷĲϣֱͶ´Ƭ߲ԣС
֮мΪ˵
漴ԭתŵ̫ľתĸ죬ɿ߲ǿҲ֮ɵ
תۣٺ߲֮£Ȭָ۷壬һڼΪҲڿٵıǿ
֮һۣСʱȥ
СӺһ̣һɾ˵ĴڵѹƬա
ڣ
лһĨ΢⡣


1702 Ż
տտԽ֯Ҷǿʢд˿˿â
ڶٵĹУʮֵ׷Ѫ⼳ȡǵȿԵ֮ΪѾﵽɳС̨׵۷壬ɹⳡ٣ӭٺ߲֮Ȼڶʱھڡ
΢΢ȭӦԼı仯ǱøǿʶøøͣսԱɳʱǿ̫࣬ٲȻѾͬһϡ
һ͵ˣҲ̫ˣ
Զ׻ɵõۡ
ȷʵǺܿ졣ˮˮͷַۣҲÿôģǿȡͻơ
⵹ȷʵҲǣܹһֱ׻ͷүԸɲֱŰһһŰ
ǰʮ׷κο⣬һδα궼һѺۣǵʹǷǳ˵ģɾԳܲˡ
ͬʱܹǵʹ죬ΪҲˮɡ
ˣ
ǰرģ⣬տտâƣһŨâ֯
ɹɴ٣ΪﵽɾɵⶼøǿһЩͬһʱ䣬ʱоƮɵ
иնˮһɭľ

ΪﵽɾʿƿظɵʱɾΣȻȻĸӦɵ
վԭأĿڤ룬Լϣܱߵɵ
һۣǰӵʱȥϵ߲ƶܿɢ
Ҳʱ⣬âøŨڼɵ󣬿ʼڶɵ
Ȼ

ȻɵȻǧɵУҲڷǳǰеɵȻڹ治ܳɫڷȴǾΰңƿȻɵһ̶ϿʱؽȻ֮ΪãƿصһԽ߶ӳǿƣպսȣǺܲѡ
ıԴ֮̽û뵽ӦȻɵ֮ڣ
ò˵ǣδʱһżȻ붨ĹвȻ֮źܲ׵⣬ԣڲһεȻɵʱҲ࣬νᳵ·ܿһ̶ȡ
ˣ
ûȻɵеıԴǣŵȻԪ壬ܿǽԪںϣʹתۼкܻȻâӿ
ȻâԶ˶΢жݡ
˵ڶɵһкǰȻɵ
׻
ȻɵǱѰܾˣһ˿򲻵ġ
վǰģâӿϸϸȻɵһ۱ʱ
ʱȥ˫ۣȻ֮һûͬʱȻâҲڡ

³һ˵ϢޱȵƽͣȻһ㡣
С̫Ľʱɹͷϣ̽СԴ۾һգһգģȻǸоʱϢ
ЦСһԴֻһƵ˽ǰ
ٶȱøˣϢƽ羵棬оȥˡ
ܽԵĵ
쵭Ц߰ɣ֮ǰǰ˻Ĺȥϴʲô
ߣȡڳһ
׻
£һ뿪̧֣˺ѿһռտտ
ɲΣҴﵽڼѾȴ󻷾˺ѿռŻˡ
طͨ˻ĹĿռŻ漴һֱӿ뵽Уתۼʧԭء
ڰһ˲סһ˵Ұ漴һ̣֣һ˱һɴռŻʵʵϡ
𣡡
໣
ȥҰйľԴ׳ʣΪһĹɽž˵޺ڻصŵԵ÷ǳľˡ
һֱӿⷽɽλߣȥ
һնУٶȶ
𣡡
޺ˣ۷弶޳𣬻ƵѪɷϢһˡ
ǰ·ʱһĳɱľ޴ϡ
ۣ
Ѫˮɽ˹ֱӱһĵķ飬ͬҲһ
һĻһ˽ԲɵöݣҪ֪ղͷ޿ǿ۷弶ȼޣȻڵһƾ͸Ĩɱˣʵںˡ
̬
ˮˮ棬սò˵ĺˡ
쵹ԵúƽֻʮٵϴȻǻɱ벽ǿߣҲͬնһ򵥣κѶȡ
ʴˣһһͷ۷弶ʿޣ㲻ʲô
ǰһⷽλöȥתйԶֹȥʱ򴦡
𣡡
Ƭ޺쳣Ũң̾ط
ǵҰУƬһͷֻߴҵĴɽжϵ㶼ԵüǿŰ벽ΣһߣһͷڲɿһڸԶһЩĵطһһɽۣ֮Ű벽񼶸߶ȣǳˡ
Ƭѵⷽ˻ĹĺЩޣҲ̫˰ɣĶŰ벽ǡ
׻ۡ
ﵽɳڣʱƬһͷͷݣȴҲǲɵö£ʵطһ޶ǿЩ¡
оǿۼطƵġ

ˮˮͬУȥȷʵ񣬶ңʲôĿġ
Ҳĸо΢Щɻ󣬲ȴҲû̫⣬˶ٺۣƬһʼֵɹâ֯ĵط
ǸطΪһϿȣ̫󣬵ȴҲǲ̫СֲԵúͨȴһԡﵽڣΪԦۣܿϿڿһɹâԾʱ֣ʱʧ
Сӣô
ʵ
ԱߣһҲ֪ƿóؾơ
ƽ֯Ȼɵ֣֮˰Σɵ΢΢ü

һĨ⡣
ƿȻɵȻɵԸֵ˽ȻؾʱǰǷϿȣЩʱʱֶɹâһַǳĸоϿڵЩɹâ񲢲ǴƬɽڣȻɵĸоǷ·ǴһƬ縡
򵥽ºͰ˵һ¡
ʲô
˼ǣǸطͨһƬŻͨ
׻Եۡ
ܺܿ϶ǣܡ
ͷ
ҲʱͷС̫뿴ϿڵЩɹ͵â۾¶ЩãȻѽЩϤ


1703 Ͼ飬
Сһ￴ϿڵƬڣĴ۾һԵЩãȻ
ϤоʲôСһ
СһĻ΢Щݡ
ԱߣƵҲСһ
ѽСһʱԵЩԺ֪ЩϤ
ԭСһһͷط˸Ǹʱ̫ԶֻǾ죬ûоʲôʱ򣬽ط뿴ϿʱʱֳɹâȴǾ÷ǳϤ
΢΢üǰǷϿȣǵϿȥһ
ԭǾʹϿ̽ѰǸطдŹ֣СһͻȻָоЩɹâϤˣǾȻȻĸҪǰ
ϿȾ˵ػдɾ룬£Ϊףһ˳Ͽȴȥ
ܿ죬һ˱ܿһͷͷǿޣת۱ǿȥɾ롣
ಣ
ʱƿһɹԶֱ֣
Ȼ˳ǵɹ⣬΢΢üͬʱֹסŲ
Ҳһ˲䣬ɹ嵽ǽǰһŮͬˮˮһ£һԹһºѤĹԣԵ鶯
壡
ˮˮݡ
ŮҲ¶ɫϳ˶Է壬һλʮ֮һϣΪϵһ壬ǿңйϴ˵ƣһڵʷԶˣŵʼΪһǿۡ
һ˲䣬΢жݣŮϸо˺ϤϢ
ƯСŮ
ƺͰ׻˫ĿԲֱĶŶŮӲû
ವһ£ֱǰǷĹãˡ
飡׻Ӻº֣һƽķɣƵĻ漴ŮСŮԵ֣Ը뱾ͬ£
Ů󣬹ʵᶶƬԣһֱ̣ʧĿϣԵúֱƿ׻鶯ǰ
ҽأĶ
죬ק·ϣԵüˡ
ŶԷ㶯ɻǺգҶ֪˭֪˭֪Ķ
ԱߵİͰˮˮŮĻЩ㶡
н˵ϢҲоģһ֪ģ
ŮԵøӼ
ˣЩݣԺвĸһӰͻȻʶ֮ǰŮϤϢԭǺϢ˶٣Ůǣ
¡
Ů
ϣ
΢
Աߣˮˮ壬嶼ա˵ţŮֹȥĵλͰ
֪Ĵڣȴ֪ա
ʱŮԼϣоŮϵϤϢвɵһ⣺ʲôģ
ûˣ֪ʲôģŮҡͷ˶٣֪˵֣Ͼ顣
ͷһһӦŮϵϢϤǺϾıԴϢƣŮĻöԷǺϾйأȴû뵽ǣϾãңã
Ͼ飿
ֱӵɴۡ
ƴӲԶɻԺҲǴ󾪡
ȵİҲǵݡ
ţܺԲԣһ˵ʷ
ŮԵúܽ
ǸоźϵѪһϢֻһˣûκһĽ䱸
۾ɴˣ⣬⣬Ǹǡ죺СӣϵıãȻ壿
ǡ
ҲǷ㶡
ЩϾ壿ǣӲϾ˵°
ңȻϾ壬壬Ϊʲôʮ
Ϊʲôûм㣿Ϊʲôûڣ
µŮ
Ϊҳʱ˾Ѿˣ˵ǺܾǰΪһ⣬˱ҵĿռˣ˵Ѿˡµ߬ȭͷиһƹܸо˻ţҵıԴܹӦ˵ѪϢڣңǿ󣡡
ŵҴ͵ܳģҪҵˣĸ״ȥʱһֱ߶Ž˵֡˵ţ죬ԵøˣźһѪϢǣϢ㣬㱾ɢһڽ˵ģʶˣҺϤԲԣȥҽ㣡
죬Եúܸˣޱȼ
ԣǶݡΪռ䷢ңϾ鵱ɣ׹ʮϾ鵱ʶµǿֻҪµһһ·ϵڰǣϾȴǲûôΪʲô
ڱҵĿռɺʧȥ˼䣿ʧȥΪμǵԼ֣ѵΪĸԺ̹ܿǣʼռУͬÿһεʧȥʵֻǵԼ֣
ôˣҪһ˷㶰췢ץ½ҡͽʲôϵȥҽ˺òãˣ
عԶģǣȷʵϤ֪ʲôء
䣡
ͻȻһ˵ĺĻϡ
ǰ⣬ǷϿڣ͵âԾͻȻޱ貣һɷǳϢӿŨĺˡ
漴һ̣Ǹطк両һ޴ѷ죬ɹ⽻֯âƣԼ·ͨһƬδ֪Ĵ硣
һ貵Ĺֱ񷣬ݶΪ֮ͬǷ˳㣬ǿĴڽһ̶ݡ
ǡ
Ϣѵǡ˵еƬ磿
ѰͨƬ˵еĹڣ
һ̣֮ϣһǿ߷뿴貹ĵط
ңݣǿ߶ݣĿ֮ء

˻ĹڣĻﱻϣֱӿǰǷϿȣ貹ѷ죬УϢӿƿѹء
ԱߣƵҲǶݡ
໣
𣡡
޺ص˻ĹڣƬڣһǿȫˣһʱʣһͷһͷǿ޳ѷڳȥ
⡭
ЩޣһֱڶǵĿģǸоܻصĿռѷ򿪣Ҫ󣿡
׻ͰˮˮǳԾ
ͬʱԱߣС̫ǰѷ죬øãȻˡ
Ϥ
Сһૡ


1704 ʮع
ϿڵĿռѷСһԵøԺˣһƬãȻ
쿴Сһģ΢΢üСһſԼͷԱߵµȥ濴֮Ҵȥ㡣
Ͼһֱʮɽϣһ𣬴ǰȥϾ鲢żʱСһģ⣬СһζѷϢоϤȥѷĿռ俴һ
ţãںһ𣡡
ͷȻʱ̼δĽ㣬ȴԵúܹɡ
ͷкˣǰǷϿȶȥ
һʱ䣬ವƿһתۼǿȥԶ
㣡
һںһϮµת۱˦úԶ׷һˣԵЩ
ֹЩĿ£Ƿ֣ԷֻǴɲΡ
εΪԣٶȻԶԶ޷һȣмѪҲУϾΪϣǲ󾳽硣
ֹסΣԽɫ£ŶԷǰС
ͽʲôϵأ
죬дź֮ɫ
˶٣ֳ
µۣžµС죺ƭˣ㶼壬ңȻûˣǣ˺ǰͳˣϵϢͼ꣬ôǽ˵ֳ
ЦЦмЩԭ򣬺Լ꣬ûаϵ
ǵͷŶ֪ˡ˵ţ죺Ȼǽ˵ֳǾµֳ¶Цллֳ˴·С
첻ɵЩգǰһ̻Լһ̬̾ȣתʵ̫ˣ˵˼άҲ̫ˣЩϽࡣ
ˣ
¡
ʮꡣ
µûһ䱸
ʮꡭ
ǺգȻһ͸оŮᣬҲû뵽ʮꡣ
ǲɵøпл治½ǿտȣһʮСȻѾﵽɾΡҲ֪ҲѪкܴϵоȥԷѪϢܾܲˡ
䣡
ǰϿպֶĿռѷøڳӡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһⷽ˻ĹڣеȫˣԵ˷ܷǳתۼݻΪһ޳һͷһͷǰѷȥ
ֳ·ѷ֮ʲôرһ㣬һĶ
һ壬ʱҲڷɿǰ塣
ҲʱԶƿһһŻ֣һǿߵӰԻ󣬶ǳŴϿڵĴѷ
⡭
ǿߣ
˶ݡ
󿴣˻ĹһʿӰԻڿٳ
ǣǵġ

һ˳ǰϿڵĴѷȥתۼѱѷǰ
𣡡
һѷڶȥͬʱ޼忿ֱӱǶ֣ӿһ嫵ĺ㳯һѹ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģֵΪͷ벽ޣǿˡ
ûʲôֻɫ縡֣Ƭ׽ɨȥ
ڶصϰԵתۼ鼸ͷ벽޵ϣ⼸ͷǿ޽ֱը
䣡
ǰѷĸˣʮɣʮɡ
һ˼ٶûܵһֱӳѷ֮ڡ
һΣǵҰûбĺڰǳ˸ֹ⣬ʥ͡嫡
ߣɹâ˸ͺˣǷ·뵽һһ㡣
ˣҲ֪ȥ˶ãǰһȦ·һ޴Ż漴һֱӴӹʵб˳ȥһƬİĿռ֮ڡ
ȥҰĿռУڷԾԽ֯ʥϢǣƬռʮȴǷǳƶ񤣬ҲƲԿһѵĴɽطǾһ춯صĴս
ȻһƬưܵأ
׻졣
⡭
Ҳ
ȻҲǲɵЩݡ
֮ǰʱӦЩǷǱѰǳˣǶΪƮȷǷĿռ䣬һǷǳˣɽ죬ʣȴ룬Ŀռ侹ưܣһƬûʲôˡ
ѽͷС̫Ĵ۾øãȻˣصĴƬռ䣺Ϥ˵ţСһϺһɫ⽻֯ʲôӦһ㣬̧СԴƬƿռĴȥϤ
ͷǸӦʲôƬռĶȥ
΢΢üƬռЩƣԽɫ·Уͬʱк˸ϡ
תۼ䣬ǿطԶ
˵֮ǰôһȺҲǴѷڣȥˣ
׻ʵ
ӦҲƬռ䣬ֻǱ͵˸ͬĽѡ
˵
ºͬһ鱻뼫ʱҲᱻ͵ͬĵط
һ˸С̫Ҳ˺գֻǼ򵥵ճƬռλöȥ
֮ʱȥһгȥԶҲʱƬռλã޴ĺ
΢΢üС̫СһǴпռȥ
ĳСһҪȥƬռλãΪоĺϤϢʱټƬռλôƺ򶷣ȻͶݣʱ򣬻˺մ򿪿ռŻЩϹȥȽϺá
£˺ѿռŻС̫£ͬʱкһ룬ת۱ʧ
Ұݵıúڰٴαùһ˳һλ֮ϡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰâƵһƬӰطʿҲޣһЩʿںһЩ޴򶷣ĶڳƬڵһ
ЩƣоʮŲ㣬Ÿ޿̺ۣˡ䡢ȸֺ޺ۼӡϣԴһ̡
ʱǿʿǿڳŹ֮ڳȥеһЩʿݼɱڳڵĹ
һطԶԶĿǰĲƹǲɵöݡ

΢΢üС̫
ҲС̫Сһʲôо
ʮظߵĲƹϿӡۼϣˡȸӡۣСֻ̫һģһټСһ֮ǰоλкϤϢˣʱȻǺ⡣
ѽСһ￴žʮعãȻˣȻɫøŨ棬ϤĶ


1705 
ǰľʮعСһԵЩãȻԵЩԺ˵ô£ֻǾùзǳϤϢ
쿴ǰĹǾͽȥ
£кˣŹڶȥ
䣡
ܣʿ࣬е޵ˣǺܻ
һٶȺܿ죬ûкķѶʱǰưܵ뵽ڡ
ʼһУһ˵ݣհƣҲɽȻһƬء
⡭
졣
һԣһڣһƬСأǺܾ棬طƬȴ̫ǷˣޱߣһʵĴ硣
Ҳǲɵ¶֮ɫ
ȾȺܿҲʧˣС̫СһϤϢ
ѽС̫Ƭ磬˶٣СԴ档
棿
տҲһգûʲô
׻ƿգЩ⡣
ǣ滹ռ䣬˵棬Ĵռ䡣

ͷӦþ˵Ǵӹһڽ룬ȴܹоʮŲ㣬ȻһôһƬ磬Ǿʮ˲㣬ҲƵĿռ䣬СһӦϤϢӦþڸϲĿռ䡣
⻰һ׻˶һ
˵Ƭ֮ϣоʮƬƵĴ磿ÿһ㶼һ磿
׻ۡ
ʮŲʮأҲ̫ˡ
Ժܴ󡣡

ˮˮգǣҪôȥ
ƬռӦͨռ·ƵǣûʱѰңϾ֪ͨ·
׻룬ҪȴƬռ˳ȥȻٴֱһһľʮ˲ռ䣬СӦϤĶһ㣬ʡȥѰͨϲռ·
⻰бӹȥô򵥣ôһ㣬ˣҲض˫ܣԽһڣֱӽڶϵĿռ䣿ôⶼǲܵ¡
׻죺Щ
첻ٴС̫Сһң̫
ʵϣͷȻô˵ȴܿóСһʱֻ΢ЩãȻѣԵЩԺżĳɷֵһҲûС
ѽ
Сһ˵СԴ󣬶˶٣ȻȻɫԽ֯
һʱ䣬ɫӿƬռ̼Ϊ֮·Ƿһ΢Сĵ㡣
漴һ̣һǰŤһռŻԻ
һĻһ˶Ƕݡ
⣬ռŻǡ
׻ۡ
һ˶С̫
Ϊһ˶˳ռŻΪС̫ɫ
С̫ԼҲЩãȻСһɵ˸Ϥ
ЩԺСһﶶ˶˫ĶˣǿռŻȥ
쿴һĻǣͨĿռŻ
ôţС̫ռŻڶȥȻûԥкƵˣҲǰȥ
ռŻΪС̫ţӦòʲôΣա
ʵϣΣҲȥΪСһںоϤϢСһҪȥȻøš
ռ΢Σֻһ۶ԣͰСһһֱӿռŻڣһ۱ʧԭء
ռŻҲһʧ
һʱͬʱڰһ̣ڰɢȥǳһƬռڣ²ʵʵϡ
ȥƬռǺܴǰһƬ֣һſʵرԵ÷ǳͨҲûʲôŨʮ£ȻϢ
һƬ֣ͨǿռŻôһƬͨɶ壿
׻¶Źֵı飬֮ǰΪռŻһƬǳ׵ڡ
û˵ʲôܡ
طȥͨȴΪĺ֮ͨ

ʱƬռһ磬صΪ֮ҡҷ
ƬƬҶƮڿС
һ˲䣬Ϣ䣬ǰһӡ
޳·ǹʵһ㣬Եúƽ͡
˵ݣһʱ䶼¶֮ɫȫûиоγֵġң˵Ȼƽͣȴһڸǵϣ·һۣһףǳˡ
ѽ˭ԱߣСһ￴ͻȻֵӣøãȻˣϤϣкϤϢ˭
ӵĿС̫ϣ¶ЦݣϢС̫ǰ簮ᣬ⣬ȻȻɫ⽻֯


1706 
ɫԽ֯⣬˽Ƕݡ
ǡ
ͫ΢ɫ⣬С̫ɫ⣬ȫһģһ
ѵѵСһġ
ۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƺͰˮˮҲǶݣɫ⣬ֱǺС̫ϵһ
СһԼǶݣĺԼһɫ⣬Ĵ۾ʱɵĺܴ󣺡ѽôҲֹ⣡ҵģ
СһЩ棬ЩģԼ˸ģһ
ݸϵЦøºͣ΢̧ʱдƬɫӿٽСһ֣ĸ׵ʱֵսΪ˱֤ľ԰ȫǽ롣Ϊ̫æйžûȫӡڡ
ºͣɫԽСַ̫֣Īƽ֯ɿûС̫ڡ
Ȼһ̣ڲȫС̫Ĵйžһھ춯ΰ
ԶǶݣӵĻһʱ϶ӺС̫Ĺϵ
Сġף
׻ۡ
ҲǶݣӸղɢɫʱǾѾµӺС̫ǸӣʱԼ㿪ڣ±϶ǲɵóԾ
ѽĸףС̫ӵɫ֣һҲûΪоůʱӵĻ£Ĵ۾ҲǲɵЩ˸Щǣ
СһȻǸСӣܵȴɵӶ㿪ˣȻ˺ܶࡣ
죬Խ֯һͷѩԻƤëѩףС̫һģһֻǱС̫ʹһȦ
ѪҵĹ⡣
Ц
С̫۾ɵĸ󣬶ø˶ѽ
ǰӣȻӵĻΪĸӦǺһޱеѪϢԭǸожϤϢ
ѽΪʲôû壿ĸأ
СһûпڽиףȴԵú˷ܣϾôõº᲻ˣ
ֻǵһϢѣĸ׺ұһ𣬺ܰȫ
ӵ
ѽ
Сһը鶯Ĵ۾ֵ֪ĸ±øӸˡ
ԱߣҲ¶ЦȻСһڼֻһϢȴ֪ĸڣõˣСһˡ浣СһĸĸѾˡ
£ֲɵСһ֪ԼĸţһϢĸĸأʲôˣ
ֻǱϵһ˼񵽺󣬸ĸʲôģȫ֪ǰгɺػصҲ£ϧȴһһ͸ĸϢ鲻
ʵЩܣϾԼ׸ĸ˭ͳʲô֪ĺ⡣
ѽʱС̫Сצϣӵ죬ڳģǺҪҪҪˣ
챻СһҲع΢΢񣺡ǰ
С̫Ȼᵡ
ӿ죬ƽͣЩ䣬󻮹һĨɫֱƽ¶ЦݣСһչˡ
С̫ղǣҪоСһеķжأƱҪǿϲ١
ͬʱ˵ȻʱɫһֱС̫һֱСһţֹϷµӡԴԴϵûСһڡ
ѽǴͷˮˮɫ¡
СһֿڣӽˣԵúܸˣںҫԼѡ
ƺͰ׻ЩգСһǵĳƺʵǺΡͬһʱ䣬Ҳǳ˳ǣݺݵĵһСһĳƺǸѧġ
ӶŰһһͷԵ÷ǳƽͣʼմЦʱֵսΪ˱֤С̫İȫ֮ߣһֱڵǣңСһôѻ飬óСһúܺá
䣡
ͻȻ𶯣һ˵ܲӿ֣һѿһİ֮еӰ˳ݲɼֻһ˫ͫױ¶⣬ڶ
ۣ
쵱ݡ
ͬʱƵҲʧɫ



һһѣӰϢѹƵ
ʹٴʧɫʱطȻһ۳֡
ƿĵӰķɢϢǿѹʮء

һ˵Ŀϣͫ䣬һ֮⡣
˵Ŀ⣬ҲϣӽԺ䡣
ˣӦϢʱ
̧ͷɨˣʾû˿仯ɫС̫ķӡӿС̫ڣ첻
ͻȻֵˣǳƽ
˿ӣɫĮ
һߵΪǿʵֻһϢѣֻһϢʲô
Աߣһ˿űɫֵС̫۵ǣĺܺãԭΪƬ룬ջ񡣡
ĥϢƬ˵ã
һ˵
֣
˿ڡ
۵һˣԴ۳ڣƺƵĳѹȫɱ⡣
һʱ䣬ʮĲ
Ϣһ˵±ǲܶˣǵȺ˵ȫѹסˡ
ɨˣûʲôɫ⽫С̫ɫӿһͷһͷ˳֣һͷԻһͷȸڿգ񷡣
¡¡ģҡĸ
ĵ촫ĸֵۣǼ˲䱻ѹķ飬漴һ̣ȸĴӰֱϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬δ֪ը
һĻ˸ɵһ
⣬⡭
˽𺧡
ӽֻһϢѰ񣬾ôһϢѣȻͽ׸ķ飬Ǻεȿֲ
һϢ䱾õжວˣ
࣡
䶯תۼؾ۳϶¶ݡ
ֻһϢѣǿҲƲŶԣ
ɫÿһӲš
ţǿͷȻƺֻһϢûʲôˣʵȴû⣬Ϊ֪ǰ˷ǳ£һ־ѾǼȫǣ£ȴ˲䱻ȫɣԱ


1707 
ۿɫâӣɫúܲÿֻһϢӣȻƣȻ׽ش
ˣ
һ˳ӣ¶˼ɵı顣
Ƕ֪ǰӣ֪ԷֲܿȴҲû뵽ֻǶԷһϢȻƣʵ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬ವĵƿۿٺ˶룬ûһĳɡ
һĻ־ɱԭļºȻȴǲ룬׾ͱС̫ĸ׻ķ飬ĴھֱӿʼӶݡ
ֱĿ죬ȥҲ졣
ˣ
𣬻ƬƬֱӽʮ졣
ļĴ뱻ء
߾ߣ˭
ӵ
ǳƽȴԴһִϣ綼Ϊ֮ζ
⣬Ⲩ
ֻһϢģ
Ƶ˿ӣɵһ
һϢȻɢֲĲ
춼ɵļ£Ⲩʵֲ̫ˡ
ѽ
С̫ɫӦӴ˿ɢѹ۾һƬ
۲΢£Ϣѹ̲סɫøѿ
ûô뿪
ͻ֮ɿ⣡
ԣ
˿ڣϸӿ໥Ϣһ𣬽֯һɿֲ
£ǵס
ҲʱһĮ
ѿһߴӰܼ񻷣һ㣬Ϣǿ
Ĵ۶ݣͣ񣺡
ˣΪߴӰĴ󻤷
쿴ߴӰ̲ס΢ɢϢҲֵ֪ǿ˶ٱٲȻصĲ
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣȻҲľ
ӿ񷣬ƽ죬óˣ
⻰һ쵱΢Ӱǵ죿ͻһ𣬽Ǹϻӽ޿ˣ
ϣ񻷻ƣģԿ壬ֻһ˫ܹüĿϣС̫ϣ漴ֿӣߺƵʱգվǱ֣һ𱻷֣µͷһգʲôҲס
ܴ磬ҵĺ
Ӻƽ
ֻһϢ㣬ɺǿǣһϢ㣬ܵסң
Ҳƽսʵʵ£ıʣȴֻһϢѡ
˵ţϵϢٴαǿضϢΪ֮
Ϣţʹ˲ɵô
ѽ
С̫ӣ۾ŵǣҲǸо˵ʱɢϢĿֲ
ȻоĵС̫ĵǣƽһЦСһסһ⣬ؼǿһ壬޾κˡ
˵ţŵ죬ƽͣɫⷭӿʵ彥ʵ·תۼ㡣
ͬʱһɰԾصѹڵɢϢѹȥ
ⷽҡĸиâӿƬƺӶĤݡ
⡭
̲ס˿ҺϢֱǺ˵㡣
⻹𣿣
׻¡
춼𺧣С̫ĸףʱȻһ˲ɢֲĲҲ֪ȸղǿ˶ٱ·Խ۾һ㡣
⣬
ϣۻݲ
ӭϢǵڷ
лһĨ⣬񻷱ø貣ս˱ȵǿˣӣ΢Ȼ޳ֶΣҪȵˣ
ЦҴñӣ֪жǿҲжǿλڵĸ߶Զǿ󼰣ûпɱԡŵ죺ҲȵǿˣòҴţչȫҺΣ
һ񻷱ø貣ɢϢҲ֮תۼﵽһĳ̶ȣȻɱ㣬ɻط壬Ӱ첻㡣ƬƵ磬ĺգҪˡ
仰£¡¡ҡһ޴񻷸ڲ񷣬ƺƵѹ¡
У
Įִߡ
ЦûκζɫȻ𣬻һɫ񽣣أʲôҲ߲ˣܴߵģֻʧ


1708 
ɫѹʮ죬ƶأ˲Ϣ֮Ϊһ貶Ŀɫ񽣣бն񷣬ת۱Ǻ͵ѹײһ
䣡
춯صĴըƬƵ̼öһƬһƬշ飬һһسݣռ˲Ϣ˻Ϣš
⣬ʲô

ƬڣڣʿΪӺ͵ײѣһƿɲϢѹ
ʮعڣ⣬ȻܹӦƬڵһʿܹоõʱ͵Ľѣɫ⵱΢ڣÿһ䶼޾ԣתۼһʿƬһʿȫƳƬ磬ͬʱסƬڣһ˽޷ٽ롣
һʱ䣬Ƭڣֻʣµĸ£ֻʣӡС̫һˡ
ڣɫӿӡԴԴϵĳС̫ӿ롣

Ȼóʱʲô޾񻷹âţѹ䣬ӺС̫һѹ¡
ǿ·̺һпԡ
ӱƽɫ⻷ʮѹһУһУ𿪵ľԡ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ڶ޾ɫâƶͬˮն񷡣
̧֣޾ѹأ˲Ϣеɫ⡣
Ȼȵǿˡ
ӣ䣬һƬĮ
Ҳһ
ɺƽ
һ̶ˣһ֣ÿһ񻷶֯ΰƿɿٵأƿɻء
ûʲôɫӭϣܿԽһѹ
䣡
ײ£ضΪ֮궯
쿴ȶս̲סĲȲεĴڣǵĽʵ̫ˣǼ򵥵һһܻ
ԱߣȻҲ𣬽Ŀݡ
Ҳʱһ˸оһһɰĴѹ˹ʹ̼ԶǾ·һ̾Ҫը
ϣ𻤷Уһ˳Ƕˣ۵ѹ£һС
ҵֲҶ
Į֮ӿڡ
漴仰£Ƭڣһڳ޾
𣡡
죬һͷӴԻаɳֱӭ϶ֵĵǸһβ̼һС
ۣû
ֵĵ커ɨɣɫһ
ˣҲǱ΢Ȼۻŷǳ⡣
˶ԸʣǺɱΣ֮նʲôҲ£
һ커ڵ
£Ĵ󻤷һӿһͻȻֵİѹȥ
𣡡
ۺХΣһѹʮͬʱѹĴ󻤷
ͬʱٴαѣԻһͷˡһͷһͷȸԴ۳ڣˡ
飡
飡
飡
飡
ֵĸ커ȫĺɡ
񽫡һӽ棬һɨ۵Ĵ飬΢һĨһǣӦöѾˡ
Ĵ󻤷Դ۳ڣʣĴ񽫣ǽԴ۳ڡ
ǳսǵʵĴѾˣȴ룬˾Ȼš
Ҳǲ
ƽ
ɫԽ֯ʥһɫӣȥ
ߣԷӿ޾Ĺâѹ䣬Ʊȸղűøӿֲƺ֮¡
ģӵɫ⵱ѹ
һߴһһսΪסң

仰䣬嫵⳯ѹ¡
ݵֻţҲκβҡ
ӵ
һڣɫһС
쵱һȻ֪ȻĿɲ˫붯Ը֣ӭϡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫ת۱˸ɾɫƲѹԷ
һĻľɫίʵЩ£С̫ĸףҲǿĺˣһΪС̫һ棬˿̾Ҳ΢΢ѹƶԷʵЩˡ
ǹ̬СһɫҲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
˿Һ
䣡
ǿ棬ɫٱһУһ߲Զ
ߣ⣬ݻһ⺣ӭӵɫ
߾ҽ棬Ϣ
ͬһʱ䣬һߣĹѹӿ֣Ĵ󻤷۵ĴɺʱסΣµϲ񷡣
Ƕû
Ĵ󻤷۵ʵĴ񽫣ɫԱúѿâ֯
ʲҵȲࡣ
ۿڣӴʮ졣
Ĵ󻤷ߣӿһ֣ѹ۵Ĵ񽫡
ͬʱԶ˵ʽΪ˵Ľ̫ˣһϢϣпٲ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˴棬ӿء
쿴˸ڣֿӣЩˣʵڶ̫ǿˡ
з
Į֯񷣬쵥һĥԻϢˣѹ䡣
ӱ鲻䣬һΪС̫һߵһָһɫ磬ӭĥ̡
תۼ䣬ײһ𣬸ãһһŻ֮⣬վֱ
ﬣ
Ҳʱ̶һâԲ񷻮䣬δ֪ն䣬ٶȿŤ˿ռ䣬תۼǳڵǰ
ۣ
ѪˮΪһʼײʱȻʱˣȴûܱܿһұ߱۰ֱӱһǰ͸Ѫ

һսĴ󻤷ݡ
ͬʱҲһղŵǵâŨ콣Ϣ
ֱ̧ͷŽâնķȥ
ѿһԵӰֱ޳ֻһ˫ܹļ
ĵӣѾˡ
̧ͷĿͻȻֵӰϣлһĨտտâ΢¶һĨЦ
һߣұ߱۰Ѫ˿̿ͻȻֵӰԵú䣺С
𣿣
ʧɫ
ҲǶݣǶǴʮ߳ʮ߳ʿû˻᲻֪ĸ֣һ˵޵еĴ˵
ͬһʱ䣬ٴζݣܸղŸӦ̺콣ϢĽâʱѾ³ͻȻ߳Ӱݣ˵֣֪Էݣ̲סԾˣȻǰ
Űʱ֮ϣƺӦʲôĿƶϡ
ޱȣ·ܿؼһУнһɻԼ䣬ƺü


1709 ϳ
ڿŰ𣬰Ҳڿ죬н֯˿˿ɫ
ǰ㶼ò˵ļӣӲ
Į
쿴Űֱ۰ϵѪϣתۼǻָ
ƫͷĿƿ졣
һ̣ˣһ죬޾Ľһʱ両֣ػ㻷ϣԻ֮ն졣
գ˲Ϣȫ𣬴ؾҵҡƺһ˲Ҫ̮
Ľƿ죬㡣
һ޾񻷹âţ޾Խ֯ӭϰܼ⡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ײϢͬһڷ
ƬأӾҵĻζ
һսĴ󻤷ʵĴͣ´ս뿴ͰĶԾǲɵ¶𺳵ı顣
ΪֻǺһȴȻѾܺ˿ˣ⡭ôܣ
һĿľɫ
۵ĴҲľŰĶսľݡ
Ժʴһսˣ
䷢ͳǳ
۾޴˸˶٣̲ס̾Ϣһ
޾ޱһѹ紭ֻһӾܺǵˣһֲ
ԶһҲ𺳡
̫ǿˣ⣬ǡ
¡
ͬŴķ˵ĴսǼǸʱȴֻѣɢܱϾޣʱ򣬰Ǳ٣ǵֱ˵㣬׼һС
ȻҲ𺳣нâֱֱ֯Ŀǰ
ɡǿ£ˮˮӣ˶٣ƫͷ죺ǸʲôϵĽ֮ǰʩչĽһģһ죬ɵõɴĿһô£֮ǰ̫϶ԾǼֲڵ㶼ᡣڣ˵Ҳᣬǵʲôϵ
ڣǵ춼ᣬʵðˮˮǾɡ
˵ƿصġ

ûⷽ˵ʲôֻǶĿǰս
䣡
ﬣ
ϣܷâ죬ʮز
䣬ûʲôֻĽϣޱ߽նһС
Сܺã
ӱñ䡣
ӵСϵˣȻѾﵽȸ߶ȣ˿ˡ
ûʲôĻֻһ콣â䣬ϯأˡ
⣬ɫâƣŰ͵棺ƺòҳˡ
˵⻰ϣɫӿƵӡԴԴϵӿС̫ڡ
ıԴУΪС̫ȫйž
䣡
ϣ𶯣֮Ƶһһؼ䡣
һսսˣʮ졣
طʵӳ֣ͳܲ棬һͱˡ
ˣʱĿڲ֮ϡ
䣡
ﬣ
ܽҵĽҪشԭʼ
үʲôʱܴﵽȸ߶Ȱ
ɵø̾
Ű͵棬⶯
ҲĿ˸۷ԾȻǵһμ֮ǰмϻͻսҲȼ𣬵ʱٴμսȴǲɵ𺳡
Ͼ۷弶棬ǰľԣۿ϶ٴҲ᲻𺳡
⣬ӿƵӡƮС̫ڣɫ⽥΢ˡ
ԴžĴУܿҪɡ
Ҳʱϣսһĵɫһ䣬нҪϲĻ쵰Ҵ뱾͵
һ̣ǿĴҲ֪Ӧʲôͷڷһ˲䱬âͻƴգĴ󻤷һԶȥ̼ʧӰ١
ǿһʱҲû֮ܽ¡
ܡôͻȻˣ
׻һ˽ǵۣǸֲĵ죬ȻͻȻһܻģߣʵһЩ
˶٣һЩ£Ǹϻ쳭ϳȥ˰ɣ
ǵãǸϻ˵͵Ͽӽ޿ǰʱ䣬ϻڳѣǵĻ׷ɱŵղŵĻԼµӦǸϻȥϳˡ


1710 ̳
ͻȻ뿪ơ׻Ͱˮˮ˸һʱЩͷԣ׶ԷͻȻôˣҲΨ뵽ǺǸϻйأǸϼһʱ򴳵ȥϳȥˡ
ϻ
뵽ʱӦǷ£ɵЩЦǸϼһóճѲãȥˣͬ͵ǵȴڣǵϳڣԶľˣֵ죬åǰȥѣҲѹֵ׷ɱҲѹֵŭ
ҪģɲǼ򵥵ﱻߵ⣬⣬ֱϳϴ٣ǵȼĴڶԣʵڻǷǳˡ
ϣûȥ׷죬ֻлһĨ⡣ԭΪӦϢϵֵⷢҲطֱӷ𹥷Ϊ
һ̣Ŀƶٴϣ˿˿Ƶӿڼ̽ʲôգȴֻɫ¶ƺü
Сӣλڶ㡣
С
Ƶѧ˱˵˼ҿ϶Ӧˣǵñ˲˰ɣ
Ȼ˰ڿԼƵĻ൱ԣͬǵΪԼѧȥǵôǰ
ˣ
ɫⷭӿʻС̫ɫȣֹȥ׵ʧ
ˡ
Ц
С̫գգۣʱϵϢñ֮ǰӻԲ
ʵЦһסʮռ䣬С̫һˡ۵Ĵ񽫺Ͱһ֣ĿС̫ϣСһǵ磬ڻĹǰˣƲҽʱգһϢȴڽ㣬ıԴԼ
˵ţֽ̧򵥵ķӡһϷµƵӡӿ֣С̫ıԴ
漴ʮռ𶯣һƬƬʼ뵽С̫ıԴ硣
һĻ˶ǲɵöݡ
Ƭڿռ䣬磬СһıԴСڽڶȥ
һƬʵĲƴ磬Сһڣ⡭ʲôֶΰ
Ͱ׻ۡ
ȻҲľϵ磬͵Լڤȴһ֮ҲֻС󣬳޾֮羡ܲˣȴɺܾˣ򲻻ǵȿֲڵĿ죬һƬ֮Ĺ磬ȻС̫ڣ̸ֶжྪˣֻ˵С̫պӰ죬ҲǴľ졣
ڸСһһ쵽أ
ϾǿһĴ簡
ˣ
Խ֯ʮռŤаɿ뵽СһıԴ磬ɹâƣһӿСһڡ
ҹҹ󣬲ƵȫСһڣ˶ֻĹС
ˡ
Ц
ѽ
СһԼ۾գգıԴ磬ĿʣΪʱûиоԼʲô仯
ŸոıԴУ㵱ǰܻܲԺ󣬻оĴڣȻȡ
СһСԴ
Сһ˵СԴ۾һСӦ
ЦСһһŹ԰Сһ֮ƶԣˣСһͼչˣҺĸף¡
ȻСһ
ǰġ
˵ҲúչСһġ
ѽС̫ʣ۾ĺܴ󣺡㲻һ𣿡
ټģ´Σĸһ㡣
Ц
˵ţС̫һֵۣ˵ͷɫ΢һ˲ʧ
һʱ䣬ⷽУֻʣ۵Ĵ񽫡
ڣúܰ
ԣһʧĵطУ˿˿ɹ⽻֯
ǵǸȫƿˣǡ
΢⽻֯Ҳڿһʧĵطʰ
üԳֺ󣬵һδо˿ϤϢ
ʳĬ˶ֿڣǵʦأ
֪ҡͷ͵̫һս˴ʦ֣Ϊ˻ǣҲشȫתָǻعȣʦʦﶼˣڣҲҵ
ʶ˶٣λر٣ȫԲõġ
ͷԼʦʵžŵġ
ȥ°ɡ
ʵ
ζһ˲䣬Ϣʧ

˱ʱ³Уһʼİ˻ĹڣǴһλϡ
ȥķڣɽ࣬ȴǶԵʮͨûжô˵֮˻Ĺ̫ˣ˵ĸоС
̫ǿˣСĸҪ찡ŵˣ
׻
һƬϵʵǿ뵽һڣδţɱƻһѶټǧ򱶣Ҳȼǧ򱶡
ǣʾô򵥵ĽƵ뵽С̫ڣֶ̫ˡ
ǸҲǿֲޱˣ
ˮˮӡ
ܿ£
Ȼȵİɵ㿪ڡ
ȻҲԾȴûи̾ʲôֻϴŵЦСһѰҲȫ˴йžԼ̳ˡ
ʱ½ǣֳˣڿ𣿴ȥҽ˺òã
죬۹ȼ졢ʺͰȴڶԣԼĽ㣬вûжڼʶ۷ǿߵսеԾǵºûʲôӦ
쿴£˶٣Цãʹ㡭

ͻȻвҽԲԶһСɽڴžֱ֣ӴĻ
ƫͷŲҽǸȥ󵱼ü¶â
СɽһȽϴĴӣԼǧ໧˼ңͨˣʱ߸аʿڴ⣬ѹһ񣬶ѹֻǿ׳ԼһЩСЩǿ׳Сռ䷨УЩߣɱдɽѪˮر
̫ˣʲôôô
˳Ŀ⳯Сɽķ򿴹ȥƯ¶ı顣
ȻҲһĻü
Ǻʿһ磬˻ԻΪ֣ɾѪͱԴ׳
ˮˮ
£κ˶


1711 ɰھ
ҽСɽڻصž֣߸аʿڴ⣬˺СȫߣɱټĴˮ֮С
ˣ
һ˹ȥ
Ϊʿɱ޹ͨˣ̡
ٶȷǳ죬ֻһСУɫ˲߸ʿע⡣
ʲôˣʲô
һĿ죬һĺͯһռ䷨С
ʿеһ˿죬ĮĵȻǱ㽫һѹһ칦
˵ţֱӶ֣ɭƣ̽ӡץ죬ɭɭǿһУնʴ죬ɼѹɡ
䵭ӭˣֱӱһȥ̵˲䱻ķ飬ֵ̽ӡҲķ顣
İƲ䣬ŶԷѹ
ֵ˵ȿֲ֮㡭
ۣ
ѪˮĽֱӱĵķ飬ͬҲһɶ
һĻлŵһЩһȴ˵ʱ򲻸Ҷֻǲſ־ſаʿ
ͬʱطаʿݡ
ղŵǸˣǵʵ൱ڣ񣬾Ȼһƾͱ˸
ʲôˣ֪ʲôˣҵ˵Ĳ£㾹Զ֣Ϊ𣿣
һ˺
䣿ҹ䣿ɰھŵˣ
ˮˮ΢΢ݡ
ɰھţݣүǵãɰǰʮˣԶԶϵĺЩ˿ɱȣ춯صѪÿһӵеѪ
ھŵˣѾޱƽ񾳣ңɱǿߣ
оɰ
ôǿ
׻Ծ
֮¾ܿԽһ󾳽ɱսò˵Щֲ
аʿһˣΪһǼɵˣ֮ǰȳֿڣ֪ͺã˾ǿ󣬸ΪνҵΪ˰£ߣΪУΪУ˿죬ɭĵɱǵˣһʼ֪ҵȵݣһøۣǸԲõĻᣬԼԡ
ﬣ
̶˵Ļ
ֱնһɫٶȿ쵽㣬۵һüĴһʺѪˮ
ҹ䣬Ȼ֪ǸӰɱЩˡ
Щˣطӣ׳˺ͺͯ°ߣϵɱΪôܷŹ
ǽʿɱͨ±һͨʮ¶ʿɱܣڣԼᶯĨɱԷ
ȻЩֻǹͨ޹ˣ⼸ʿȴ⣬֮ɱ׳˺ͺͯȫץ֮ãȻɱӿ𣬲ܲܡ
ںܶʿУϣ·ߵûκ𣬶ڷ˵ȫ⣬ݽ档
ǣᡣ
ӲǣԼǴһͨһߵȸ߶ȡ
޹ͨ˱Щʿ̶Դɱ¾ԹۣЩʿźεȵݡ
㣡
ŵʿɫѾڳݣȴ㶯֡
ңǵսٴһֻǼһѣУһڵǿ߱ն
㾹ˣҪΪУ
һ
˵ʲôֱӶ֣һն
ﬣ
صɫ콣â˲Ϣնķ飬ֱ
һʱ䣬ط߸ʿֻʣˣ˿죬΢
˾Ź㣡
һ˺໥ֱۣӺˣĵ⣬Զնߡ
ʱ˶Ѿǿ˳Ҫ£ɵ˺սǿ濹⣬ǸǶֻ֣ӶݲпܱסתۼͻᱻĨɱ
쿴˶ߣһһ޾Զֱӽض¡
㡭
ĸʿһȿֲٶȻ˲ǡ
쿴ˣĿǸֳֿռ䷨ʿϣٴһ˲ǳǰһץԷеĿռ䷨
ղţˣ⼸ʿѹ޹񣬶ɽڿռ䷨֮С
ৣ
ֺܿ죬һ죬ֱӽʿеĿռ䷨ᵽС
ʿ־ŭ̲סץߵĿռ䷨
Ǹռ䷨УɲֹСѹɵ࣬ٵطɵ׳꣬׼׸Լһδ˵вϣЩвϱȥ
ߣ־һƣ۵һֱĵķ飬һʱ
漴Ŀʿϣ̧ȳ˱ȥ
⼸ʮ⣬ԲŹ򣬽֪ж˻ѡ
㣬㡭
ӭʿɵ÷̲סˡ
ҲʱͻȻ䣬Ϸһɼǿܲˣֱ


1712 
ԶϷ֣ٶȿ쵽㣬ֻɲǼͳطǰΪһߴӰͷѪϢɭ
ݴˣ
ߴӰʿǲɵ¶ϲ֮ɫ
һ΢΢ݣˣǳǿ
ڣ
˫ۡ
ǰϣȻҲǸо˵Ϊ΢ȴûаĹ˼ɡ
ݴˣǷΪռһвϣȥɱЩв
ʿУһָ
˿죬ƣȻҲʿҺЩһҲĲ£ԺֱӶ֣ѹ¡
һʱ䣬¡¡ģҡڼǿ߶ֻ֣Ǵӳһƣȴǿֲ·ѹһС
ߣܣû˿Ķ̧־һȭ
ˣ
һֱӱ
һ̣ӳȭͷֱӺͽѹĴײһ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ֱֱӱҵķ飬絾˰ɳȥ
ݴˣ
ʿɫ䡣
⣬ôܣ
˺Ȼ
ǿĳֻǴڶѣǽݴǴڣ߳һ󾳽磬Ȼ£ȴһȭǽݴ˵ֱۣţʮе壬ϣ֮ҲԶôǿ󰡣
Ǳ̬
ۡ
ڵΪһǿߵֱۣ²ò˵ĺܿšȻȻ𺳣ȴԾΪ֪Ϊֻ壬ͱ廹ǿң֮ǰǿ֮Ƿǳ¡
ֳ˺
˫۱ú
ҲʱһϯɵĽ·ɻأ鿪ֱۻָɫʮ
С࣡
˿죬û뵽Ȼôǿ󣬾ȻԻڼǿߵֱۡ
һɭӿڼֱԻâһ֯
һʱ䣬ƬضʼҡطΪȰаܺаâֱӱѡ
ݴֱչȫˣ
ʿԶݡ
һ̣˵Ŀϣɭ䣺ԣֻ·
ﬣ
̶˵Ļ
챳ˣһ콣âķ飬
Ľݵ˫ۣø䣬죬ҵ棬ɱͬ壡
䣡
˵ϢڳޱߵаϢӿһа󣬸ʴռ䣬ʴϰ˻ģѹ¡
ֻתۼѣа֮ͷﲻ𣬽쾶ֱС
ԴˣֱӱǸовϾڼǿߴĻڵֻ壬ҲܵסΪĲʵ̫޴ˡ
Դȴ˿Ҳûη塣
ӭȻаҲܡ
Ҳʱ򣬿ռ䲨һɫ֣С̫˲Ϣͷ˫һֱӱǽ嫵аķ顣
ѽ
Сһĳ
ЦСһԴ½ĿڶĽϡ
ʱǶݣһ˲˲ĶС̫ͫײɵһֱ¶ɵ֮ɫ
ΪղΪֱۺ쵱ɱˣܷŭֱչȫɾˣȫȴȻС̫һ͸߽⣡

ʱڣС̫
С̫ӦһʱдƬɫӿֶһɫգֱŽѹȥ
һʱоĿ£ֵܵ⡣
ֻǣСһɫ̫ǿ̼ܡ
۵һѪˮĽֱӱѹ顣

ŭ˱ɫѹ飬ȴǲһۼؾ۳Сֱ̫ӵͷԶն롣
С̫ĿֲԼԵֵˡ
ѽ
С̫˫һӿֱӱǽʮȫס
һ߳ȥĽֱӱ˻ɫøӵѿ
ӣӲˡ

䣬ͷС̫˵ֽǴƬɫ⳯ѹ¡
ʮռ䱻գ޿ɱܣƬɫתۼͷϿա
ҧӭȱȸղŸ˵ɫ⣬˲֪ԼԵֵסƬɫ£ֻ·һ
ҲùҧֳһѺۣܵâ˲ޱȻң걾Դ׼̳һУΪ̳Ϥ˽ӻ̳֪Уȫȥ磬ؽ磬˻Ὣһʣȫն
仰䣬۵һֱըѪ⡢Դȼգһɰ絽ڲݻһ޴ޱȵУԲǧɵĿռȫ֣һɺ˵дֱһˣǾ޴Ŀռڶȥ
һʱ䶯ݣֱӳǿɵֻͼ⣬С̫ҲػԵֵ޴е
ȻȴǸãǾ޴е̫ǿ̫ˣƺûһУɵֻͼС̫ػֵˣǰֱǳǾ޴ڶȥ
ָоͷ·Ǳʱһ㡣
Ǹ˵֪ԼȼѪ⡢ԴŪôҪǿʲôȥ
ʩչǿĴȫڵֵϧȴǰôҲûС
ͰˮˮˣˣϵǾ޴ǿȥ
ͬһʱ䣬طڵһͨ˸ǲֵܵһֲת۱Ǳǿھ޴ϯС

Ƭռ䣬ҵķϯ죬ϵľ޴ϯƬռڵһУǿС̫ʱҲ޷⣬ס
ϾһǿȫԻҽĳ׼֮򿪵Żһڣ֮˿ɵ
һ˱ϯεֵҲãܿͬЩͨ˰㣬ֱϯ˲ϵǿ֮ڡ
һ˲䣬ϵĿռʧڰһ֣С
֮Ҳ֪ȥ˶ʱ䣬ڰ֮Уһɴ𵴿һȫ²ʵʵϡ
ȥķռԵЩмȴԵЩ䣬ʮڣɽһһֲ٣һЩʮ࣬رǣʱǰʱ֣ɲȴǹһԲ£ңѪɫ
Ѫµգ硣ˮˮۣ汻ǿ͵Ƭɭˣ


1713 ǵ
ķռԵЩһѪɫԲ¸߹ڲϣа֮
硣
ü
ط磬ȻҲһ۾Ϳ˳ݹżϵĲʼպһѪ£ȱ־̫ˡ
⣬ǡ
ô£ҡǵˣ
á䣬䡭
һʧ
طһƬȽϿտڣȴһ⣬֮ǰǸеһڴҲΪǸ뵽Ƭ硣
ͬʱǸ޴нֻǿռŻѣûκλ֮ԣЩ˱к󣬾֮ͨȴҲûȥ
һʱ䣬һ˶ǿЩͨ
ǰԵúܿЩͨ
ҡǻܻص֮ǰĵط𣿡
ЩЩ£Ͼ֮ǰַǷֶΣħǸ롣ΪԵúܿЩͨҲǺܿͲˣοǶǵã֮ǰǼǴɱʱڶԸЩˣڱǡ
ܻȥҪģĺˡ
찲ο
ǡ̫ˣ
ܻȥͺãܻȥͺã
ССˣ
Щ٣٣һ񣬶Եúܹ
УӵַǷֶε죬ٲȻһĴڡ
ǶЩˣҰưɡ
ʱ
ʮŮº⣬Ӻ鶯һһһ˵ĴǰеΪһ˵Ĵơ
Щƣ֮ǰĴΪԭµģǺصˣתۼǱκãľòøá
⣬⡭
ллллСӣ
Щ־ϲûκҩйâϣת۾κǵˣʹǵñǿǿֱ̫ˣǽҲˣ¹һЩ˶⡣
ҶСģ
һȺ֣ǲҪ
һ߿ţɵ¶Цֻʮ꣬Ϊˣݿ˵Ƿǳ󣬵ǶЩͨ˵̬ȣȴȻҪɿĳĺܵ
򡣡
ȭ΢գֱһȭŲȥ׼ֱӺ俪Ż»ص򣬽ЩͻȥȻٴ»ʮϾ顣
貵ȭâһͨ˲񷣬ʮֱӴռ
Ȼһ̣üձķ飬ȴûŻԻ
ô£
Щ⡣
˶٣̧֣ٴһȭ񷡣
ȭâһУȻ֮ǰһ޶ȻѿˣŻȴûг֡
Сӣʲô
죬ЩŹ֡
Ҳƫͷ졣
Żǣ򲻿һ֯Ƭ磬̶ͨȵƺ޷ƬڲͨͨĿռŻ޷߳Ƭ硣
⻰һ˶Ƕݡ
үһԡ
׻
˵ţӶצӡֱ߷񷣬ͬȭâ㣬Ƭռ䣬ǣȴҲֻǻ˳Ƭռ䣬ûŻ֡
ĲУ
΢
ѾǴɾ磬ƾżȻԴŻˣطȴǲС
Ⱥһ£ȴǶһУ򲻿ͨŻڣǿС̫Ϊ
ôҲܹΪʲô֮ǰǸֱӽǿ͵Ƭ뿪֪Ǳ޷Ż룬ʲôеʲô̳֪ºֱ׷ɱǡֱӽǷƬˣȻĵ̣ǱΧɱĽࡣ

Ʒۡ
˶٣̽ѰƬ磬ҵȥ·
ֺһϯһڴ򵥺Щ˵ʱ޷뿪ƬԼҪѰ뿪·һڴʱɵռУͬʱҲָЩ㹻ıʳ֮á
ռ֮ǰʿͺͯҲָһ类ɽȥЩ˲ٱҽ򵥵ĺЩ˵˱飬Ƿģ漴ռ뵽Լɵڡ
߰ɡ
Ͱ˵
£һ뿪طѰһȥ׼ռ¹ƬϢ
ܿ죬Ƭ磬һʮɽ
ʱһƿصŸǿʿԶ֣аϢȻʿң
ޣˣһ֣̻㱨ǣǱɣҪ濹⣬˵Ⱥˣʵ
֪
Σԣɱҽǿߣ
ϣҪвϣҪȡ
Ȼ
һȺ˿ڣ䡣
˾ȺʿԶΪΪȻȻЩ˵ݡ
£ô֪ˣǸʲô̳Ϊ׼Ϥ˷Ǹڵ£֪ǱǽǿƬ磿ͨǻ̳֪£ɳʿʼƬ׷Ѱǣ
ƶݡ
Ȼˡ

׻ۣòƣڶǵĵˡ
ˣ
ʱһ
Զʿطһˡ
£ʿҲط
ޣ⡭
ǣԵȺˣ
Ծˣ죬㱨
Ⱥ˵
һ˶ֱ֣һڲϸһŹֵķģȻ֪ͨǿߡ
ˣ͵ˣ
ǣסǣ
Щʿ
ܹʮˣΪǴɾ磬ٶȺܿ죬ת۱˽ǰ
Ǹ˵£ǻᣬ˵вϣԲڴˣ򣬵ȴǵģֹʹ࣡
һ˺ȴǴһЩ䱸;裬Ϊ֪һ˲ʵǿ
ʮʿŽΧ
ԲûǻᣡûˬǼСӣ
׻ֱ̧֣һצ򿪿ڵʿľˣ۵һǽ飬ΨǿӶ˳ȥ
Ҷ֣
˷ɿؾ۳ɫɭ
֣ԲãվŲѹǺǰ׳ջԲУ
׻
ʿŰ׻ɫɭ
ʹ࣡
˵
ʮĸʿĿ䡣
׻ۣôûүʹ࣡
ˣˣռϢ뿪
ʱڡ
䣬˲ǳںȳ׻ʿǰڶԷ𺧵УһƽԷѹ
䱾ԴʶֱûԷʶڣѰһС


1714 ټϻ
ȳ׻ʿһѹ¶Ŀ𺧣ǿʵ
ͬʱɲԷе𾪣һƱԴʶֱûԷʶУйƬһС
ſ
ʮʿŭĿ⣬볯ȥһֹ
Զ㣡
ڣչ֮ӿʮͬʱ֡
һʱ䣬۵ʮĸʿתըסĴϾҲǺ֣ЩǷĵرѾǳǿȻΪǴɳڣɱڵͨʿԲʲô
ʮĸʿˣȴǲʱٺˣ¶֮ɫ֮ǰѾ֪һ˷ǱѰսǿȴû뵽ǿһУһ˳֣Կ⡣
Ҫɱǣֱˡ
׻
¡¡ģԻһͷ޴ĻӰЯâƥ򣬳ʮĸʿȥתۼǽʮ˵֡

ҽеһʱ԰׻ȴʮĸʿڽֻ£Կ⣬һʱǱѹı飬ؼ䡣
ѹŵǸʿʱܶһĻ־ŭǾ
졣
һȭڶԷֱʹöԷҽУһھѪֱ
ͬһʱ䣬ʶڶԷʶ⣬ܿǽһЩȻģʶӶԷʶ˳
㡭㲻úض磡
ʿӿѪĶ졣
ö˵ʲôֱһƽ֮ĵ
ɱѵˣܻöԷš
ôѵЩʲôΪʲô޷Ż
ʵ
ͷһʽ磬ȻȻа磬Ҫƾ赥Ż뿪Ƭȥ磬ҲҪϵΪƬµʿ뿪ǰ磬ͨڵд뿪Ƭ磬ûдƣֻҪ߱ɼΪܽС
ԣһ˽ü
Ҳ˵Ҫ뿪ҪôƬ޵񾳣ҪôǱƬڵĸ͵ڵЩ⴫󣿡
ԡͷŵʵϣҪڶʱе񾳽磬Ȼǲ̫ܣԣҪ뿪Ƭ磬Ǿʣһ취ˣǱƬκһȻ͵͵ЩڵĿ紫뿪
ˮˮһȻҲ֪һ㣬׻ʵЩǿΪǣ
оʮһΪа벽ǿ۷弶ǿߡ

⻰һƵ˶ü
̫ð찡
ˮˮС档
Ͳ˵ˣǣͨҲ۷徳ǿߣЩ鷳
Ͼ۷弶ǿ߿ɲһ˿Կ⣬ȻǿС̫ҲУϾСһǴڣ۷Ǹһ󾳽磬ѪҲΪʤ۷񼶵ǿߡ
һһɡ

䣡
ʱ򣬺һǿĹϢš
ȹ˶Ƕݡ
⣬Ⲩ
ôо֮ǰİЩ˵Ϣˣңˣ
һ˳Ծ
ǵǿʢϢЩֲ
쿴˶٣΢΢ݡ
ȼдֲϢĹĸоһ΢ϤϢ
棿
¶ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣλüȻҲǸоϢ
ҲǸӦϤϢ
ǵСӵϢûСҲƬ磿
ۡ
С̫ҲǿĽһ
ǡо˵Ϣˣ
׻
ˮˮҲ
ͷǵĹѡ
ơС̫ʮǵĻսѣһͥ
ߣȥ

ʱƬоϢȻùȥ
£Ϊףһ˱ֱĳƬλöȥͬʱҲڼϢⱻƬʿ֡ϾƬ磬ʿǵĵˣѹնɱǶ졣
ҲʱԶһλÿջһ㣬ٶȺܿ죬һ޾Զ
쿴һĻۡ˲õˣ
ϻ죡ͣ£
󺰡
ԶգλÿջƶӰֹͷһһ絽һ˽ǰΪһߡ
СӣƬQˣ
߿Ǳˣ쵱޿ʶϻ졣
ǰ㣡
ƺͰ׻ԾǶϻ죬ҼʶϻֶΣǳֲ
ˮˮͰ˿ϻ죬Ŀ΢ɣ֪ϻʲôˡ
ǣ
ˮˮʰ׻
һǳֲĴڣ׻С֮ǰǸ
ˮˮۣȵôֲ
Աߣ˰׻Ҳľ
쿴ϻ죬ʵƬʲô
ͬϻȴڣɲΪԷƬ϶¡
֮ǰϼһȥˣŸճһͱǼһ˻Ĵ󻤷׷ɱ˼ʮ磬˦Ǻ󣬸оƬзǳ˲õĶ
ϻƫͷƬλãһ˫۶ɵ΢
ԣۡ
ǰλ֮ǰǸȥˣ
쿴ϻ죬аһȻ֮ǰںͰһսʱͻȻĴ󻤷뿪²ǰ㣬ǰϻȥԷȥˡ
漴˶٣ϻ쿴λóĵطҲϡʵ˵Ǹ˲õĶʲô
ôʣͰˮˮҲǲɵýĿϻϡ
ܹһ͵ͬȼĴһ˲á˵λóֵڶֵ
쾧
ϻûʲô
쾧򣿡΢΢ݣǣ
ʣ¿
۶ɵĽᾧȡ󣬿δƿ򣡡ϻ쿪ڣǾâԹŶܹҲͲųһѣƬʱԻģ飬ʥ
ԣһǲɵöݣ¶ɫ
ԹŶģܹųֹ飿
Ǻεʥ
ҲǳԾ󣬶˶ʵϼһʲô֮ǰʹ£ûҡ
ôһʣҲǿϻ죬Ƕ쾧ļֵо𾪣ȴһ֪ʲô


1715 ǿ
֪Ĵڣȴ֪ʲôһ㣬ȷʵܺ档
ϻȻ֪˭޿ʶǸСŮûʲôӦǾ㾳粻ߣвõӰ죬ͦΪ롣˵ţֵ˵ǸСŮЩ˰ȻΪֻа벽ʾ淢˼Ҷ÷ݡ
ԣɵõۣϼһ⻰Щ˰ɣ֪Ҳǰ벽ʣ㷢ݣǴ۷Σ
ºǿһ֪ģ԰벽ʾΪͿ˲ɱ벽ۣսʾ졣Ҫ˵۷۶ݣЩ̫ŵģϾ벽ʺ۷ۣмΪǼ󾳽硣
СӣţϣЩ˾ôǿĹСŮźܴϢ˵ѾƿصĺܴˣǸͽƿص죬֪ζʲôǾǿֲĴʣ
ϻ
⡭춯ݣνôǿ
ϻϻ췭ۣҪ֪ͨ£ֻн۾ߵͷ˲ĵƿصĵ⻹ֻѣҲ˵Ϊ۾ͷͿƿص磬˼Ҿû򵽡
˵ţſڣӹʿ޾޾ƿصˣ˼ֻ֪ˣһǸСŮޡУ۾ͷǧƿص򣬶ң졣
ľؼ䣬£ֻͷƿ򵽣ң죿ϵƿأԶԶȲ£
಻ɵһһֱºϻĻȴǷ֣Լǵ͹ˣǸŮӣԶҪֲ
Աߣƶǲɵ𺳡
Ǹ¹ǡô
ļ¡
Ҳ֪·ǳǿ󣬵ȴҲû뵽ôǿֻϻĶԻ͸оɵֱð
ͬʱˮˮС̫ɵóԾǶ֪´ڰ벽ʾҵ³֣ǿˣ֪԰벽ʵΪ˲ɱ벽ۣô˵е̫ϵ˶ɵǳʱϻĻǲɵĲһǱסˡ
½㣡áǿ
ˮˮ˿Һ
½ǣЩֳˣǸǣ
ĺѡ

һӾ˫ۣ˵ĺѣ
ôĺѣԵ÷ǳˡ
ЩƽʵǱϻĻĲᣬϻĻƶϣȻΪֻǴڰ벽ʾȫ֣۷弶˶նɱ
ʲô
ֻһͺˡ
˶٣뵽ʲôϻǣһƿʲôϻᵽƿص򣬵ȴֻ˵˵һˣЩ档
ǸˣҶˡϻ췭ۣ˵ھƿ򣬶Ҳֹһ֣Һܴ죬ʱһ۷ۡ
⻰һ̲סۣˮˮƵɵöһ¡
ǡ˭
׻ʵоЩɡھͽֻ۾ͷƿص죬ƿصֹһʱһ۷ۣжôĿֲ
𺳣˶٣Ժвɵøϻ죬
ϻû˵˵ͷ
Ȼ

£˽⣬жٿֲĴڣǣ֪ĴУǿΪЩǿߣ̸ɫԣΪϻ˵Ǹ˿ܾû뵽ˡ
Ǹʲôˣֱ
Ҳ𺳡
һÿδһǿڿֵʱЩˣҪô壬Ҫô𺳣ҪôɫѿӦһ㣬ǿǿƺѹǿߴ
˵ףǸ򵽵ʲô
׻ʵ
⻰һֿϻ죬Ҳ⡣
ǵ˵ɣ֪̫ˣ˼ҿΪ롣ϻֿǵĵط˫ֱŹ⣺쾧׬˼Ҳһ
˵ţҪȥ
һקסһ𡣡
ҲҪȥϻ쿴죬Сӣ˼ҿɵø㣬֮ǸطԻвٿֲ٣ȥΣյĺܣ˼Ҳһܹȫ
ǲȥ쾧Щֲע⣬ֻΪӦ˹˵ϢøϹȥ

ϻƲ죺ҲûڵС壬ƨ˼ҵ˼ǣܻ֮кܿµĶսȥЩ˶սסһСľͻ³
Ҳȥ
˺ܲܲˡ
ɡ
ϻһˣһ޾Զλá
侳紦۷壬ٶȻˣ˲޾ԶҪ˺ѿռͨת۱λĵط
ȥطһ޴ϿȣϿĴһȭͷСĹ⾧ʣɢޱȴĹԣԼԸоܵΪ֮
ǡ쾧
˿ҺֻԶԶĿŹ⾧͸оɵ÷
쿴Ź⾧ҲǶݣֲɵƫͷĶλá
һɢĺһȺа֮ʿһ룬ҲĿϿĴ쾧ϣжǴžɫ
ȥ˫ƺһʼڽսΪ쾧ͻȻֶʱǲɵͣ˶֡
Ȼ
лһĨâȺа֮ʿʿǸɢȥĺ꣬Ȼ棬ʮʶĹ֪ѡ
棡
һǳȥ
ͬһʱ䣬̿ڣһ˳ȴϻ⣬Ǹطȥ
˵ƫͷֱӶݣǣ
һٶȺܿ죬ת۱ԡ
СӣôҲƬ磿

ѣ൱˵ġ
Ҳ棬Щ档

˵һĻ١
û¾ͺá
Ц
ȺԭʿȻһˣʱĿȴϿĴ쾧֮ϣʵǱŹ⾧Ϣܹоĵڳ񱦣ȥȡЩʵҲڸо⾧ܲͬʱҲһвУƺԼһͻ
ಣ
Ҳʱƿϻ춯ˣƵֱӳ쾧ȥ


1716 һն
쾧ȶֵ죬ȻǶǿ߶Ҳǳ䣬ʱϻֱӱǳ쾧ȥٶȿľˣȻҪ֮ȡߡ
䣡
ʱѿһѹϻѹȥ
޾񻷽֯һߴӰϢ졣
Ǹ죬ܵˣ
ݡ
֮ǰǲŸոռ첻á
ˣ
ͳкһֱԶ롣
ʱǾϿȵλ̫ȴѹ䣬Ӷѹϻ죬֮Իд󽻷棬̫Բעпѡ
һʱ䣬Ϊףವģһͬƣתۿ޾Զ
ϻȻˣ
ϻһ˦Ƭ񷣬ӭϵѹĹ֮ӡ
һʮմ𣬳ȴ쾧Ǹλ⣬Բǧڣطֱӱһɶ
֮ǰȺʿΪһֱڿϿȴ쾧û뿪ʱ⵽߶ûüһ뻯ҽȫ
ײǿֲ
һʱѾ˳ȥԶ׻̲סӡ
䣡
ǰڷϻ͵һν棬ನһƳɢ
޾񻷣ʥʹһ㣬ʱĿȫϿڵǿ쾧֮ϣ貶Ŀԣһ
ȵȵãϻһȥ
ϻһĹȥ
ߣ
ߣ̧ӭϡ
תۼ䣬ײһֱųԡ
ȹޱѤãǣȴҲޱΣգ˺ŵĻ֮
߶û򣬶쾧־ڱصãսһ
䣡
䣡
䣡
֮ܽ֯һƺɫ磬ž졣
գʱûм飬ΪѹֻԵĻѹԷٻܡ
⵹ǵĻٻƬ置ǵ쾧ƻ
ˣȴҲǳ˺˵ϢеˣܸӦ˿ƬռĿֲ
ƾһ۾ڵǿ߿ᱻ˲Ϣ䱻ѹƬ
ļµ
û˵ʲôȴҲܹоǸطĿֲӣϣϻȡʤ
Ҳʱһɿֲ˵ѹ£λõĲϣĵӰ両֡Ȼǵĸһ֣ʱסһˣ˵ҪǶסԱߵС̫һֱӶ֣ӡ̽ճС̫ץȥĺ֮硣
ѹƵһʱ䣬һֱԶˣѹơ

ǰϿȴϻ͵սһ𣬵ȴһֱڹעһˣʱƫͷֱ˦һɱ֮⣬ŶֵǸ커ȥ
Ķ֣Ǳ𣡡
ӿҫ˷ֱӽϻӳɱض¡
䶯ֵǸɫУӡѹ䣬ͷץС̫ɱ֮죬ҲһˣȻҪѹС̫ͬʱնһˡ
ﬣ
Ҳʱ̶ƵһĽâδ֪ն衣
͵һɫе커̽ӡһʱ飬ңεĽɢͬˮһ㵴ɵֱϡ

ҽд̶˵ըͬҲڵһʱ顣

Ϣ䣬һǰһӰ޳ڷ硣

Щˡ
ҲǳԾ⾹Ȼǰʱ򣬾Ȼط
ѽ
С̫´ûпʺ۵Ĵ񽫣ŰٲȻѯʰ۵ĴΪʲôûһ
Ȼ֪Сһ˼ƽҲƽȥط

ŭĺХ
ŭӰ־ŭ
Ĵ󻤷񣬾Ȼ˲䱻նһˡ
ֻǣǷŭȴûһ˳ΪͰĲ࣬ҪȥתۼͻᱻȫĨɱ
ȫûˣشСһĻĿϡ
ǣм
˶٣졣
ϣûиоκεϤϢģ֮䣬ȴЩӡ
ʦֵеû⡣
Щ⣬û뵽ȾĴ˵
ȻҲ֪Էνġм֮ǰʱ
룬һʱ뵽ЩʲôһƬؿռڣǰµһƽҲǸطѧ콣
䣬ҲʲôɽʮħǵһЩ
ת񣬼ָǰɽʮħħ꣬Ϊһɱ֮콣ϣħڳɳ콣նͬʱҲһУΪලһħɳǿɻɱûģµĽ⣬Ὣֱ֮ĨԷ顣
ֻǣվָֻǰµһƽѣֻ֮֮ǰ˼ά䱾岻̫ϵԣµĽȻ죬ǣΪ壬ǵȴ֪飬ֻЩģӡѡ
С
һԶ쿴Ŀɱ⡣
һǿ󻤷ڰУǿһۼǿߣ
ƫͷ죬֣һƬâԻһ֣ػסһˣû۷弶Ϊƿ
һֱ̣ӳŵѹȥ
ﬣ
ĿâԻն죬ֱ죬ʮռ䵱Ǵ˿Ҳ쾧ᱻٵ쾧ٲȻֻն졣
Ƚâţƥϻ춼ɵõۣĵӶôǿˣ@#ϱ̬һȺС̬ǡ˵ţֳŰ𺰵˵Сһ㰡쾧ٵˣ
⻰һԶһ˶ݣһǲɵõۿϻ죬ϼһʲôʱ˰ȴڣоȻСһ
ﬣ
̶졣
䣬ȴҲ޾⻷ϣն
㣡
ɭ䣬⣬һǺӣѹ
ϲޱֻӺͷڷ裬ֱһС
ϻ쳯￴ȥСһסϻ˼ȡ쾧ǺŪ˵ţವһͳϿĵ쾧ȥ
춯ݣ𣬳ϻȥ룡쾧ҲǼõȶ̺ôϻǰȥȡ쾧ǳ˹ȥ
ﬣ
âᵵһ䣬ֱӽ֮£Էüġ
챻裬־ŭ
ϻʱֱ쾧ǰһϲɫ̧ץ쾧
Ҳʱ޾ⷭһߴӰֱӳϻѹȥ

Զ춯ݣҲˣ


1717 Сʦ
ߴӰͨ廷ƻ⣬ϢԵǿĲ
ʹľҲˡ
Ҳһ۷弶Ĵڰ
ǣǸϱ̬
׻һ£ҲǸŶ£ǵǼģֲˡ
ϻȻҲǶݣ̧־һƣŻȥ
ϲģʲô֣
ۼ쾧е֣ȴǱͻȻ£ĲС
ģ
Ŀⶢ쾧˫һƬȻҲǲ쾧ޱȿ
һȥ˼ҵģ
ϻ
ߣ
ߣƥĻƵϰ˻ģϻ죬쾧
˳ʹľ𺳣һĻӲܵĿ£һ쾧Ȼü۷ᡣͬʱҲᵽµǿ󣬱۷쾧ֻΪδлƿ֮£ڰ벽ʾѾƿصޱȴ졣
侪ˣ
һߣʱ֣һ֮ǰ֣ϻ죬۷ͬһӪǵȴֻһˣǴơ
˿̣ǵͬһӪĻǲٵǵΪϣ˫ʱǴһƽˡ
ԶսУͬʱҲɭɨһˣȴûжһ˶֣Ϊһн绷ƣܸܵǵȽĿ£ԲƵĿǿͻƣֻԼѪùѡ
䣡
ǰܴײԾ죬ϻԾ۷۵ΰƬںƵǵϢţΪ֮
ӳԵĻѹϻ죬ͬʱƫͷ켤սİͫײɵΪ֮΢ݣǸСȻѾﵽһĸ߶ˣ
Ծϻ磿ϻһƻӳ޾ӡȡЦ˵ǼϲǼСһƵ˴ת˼Ҷһǿˡ
߶սⷭӿʮ졣
Įһߺϻսһ߿Ǳߣֱ̧֣ӳź͵켤սؼʱ̵İӳһƣһӸֱ֣֯֡
@#ϲľȻ͵Ϯ
ϻ˫붯ݻƬƣͷĳŻѹ䡣
һߣڵԾĹؼʱ̱֣ܴ󴴣ŵŵɵĺˣֱӱ顣
һĻ󾪣̲סӱﲻϣⴴ
ǵ۷۾ȻҲ͵Ϯ
׻
䣡
޾âƵŸǿĹâֱӳŰѹϡ
һʱ䣬޾ѹ䣬ʮ¡
޸콣â֯ϣһƬƬ꣬ӭԷ
ֻǣΪ͵Ϯһδ󴴣ʱ򽥽ʼ·Ȼˣȴûжٱ仯
Ĺǰδ񣬸ûˣᣬƸͣĿ䵽Ƶİ𣺡ǵСʦԶؼʧ
䣬ȻԭȵĿһ˲ޱͷڷ޷Զ衣
䣡
һɺ˵ϢڳƵҪ죬Ҫء
ʦǻڣСʦܾͲ
ޱȱ䣬ŭ⣬·Ǳһ㡣
һ̣ںƵĽøˣһ˲޾ɱӿֶ綼ζ·ĩһֱ̾١
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶Ƶ죬޾â𶯣һƬһ㣬ѹ䡣
Ƚ̫ˣˡ
ңǵϢĵ쵱ݣ޾񻷻ڼ⣬ŸǿĹâһػһӭնɱ
ֻǣһʵ̫ˣת۱ǽ޾񻷸նķ顣
һ̣޾âֱѹ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬Ʈʮ챻һһᴩתۼ䣬۷ᴩѣ۵һը鿪йɽ
ˣ
Զɫ䡣
ϻͻսһ𣬴ʱҲݣ˿̵Ľ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶػŵһĲǼ
ǿ
Ŀֹס˸ղһ̫ˣǿԻһС
ԱߣˮˮƵȻҲ𺳣ĿⶼǾҵ˸
ͬʱ뵽һ⡣
Ǿλ𣬻иСʦܣ
ƾȵ


1718 ֮
ʱգһ˲඼Ѿ֪ʮľŴǻĹǰľתʦֵܣΪĵӣȴ֪ԭλﻹһСʦܡ
Ǿ˵СʦܣǣСӣ
֮ǰϻ˵а͵˿ӡʮǧɱͼɱһָУа˸˴ѣа棬ֻһָͲ֮أ˵أֱûȬҲǸʱӦԼСѶͻȻ뿪򣬵ʱаˣȫڵһʱ䱻ȫ
ϻ쵱ʱ˵СӣǾŴСʦˣĵʮӡ
ŴСʦܣСӣ֪ʲô̬
׻档
ӵǰ֪һһûһǼǾ춯صľڡ
䣡
޾Էӿ콣ӿѹʮء
ͷڷ趯дűĺ⣬Ȼŭˣ綼ڲһ̾Ҫ뵽׵Ļ֮С
ﬣ
̶ӿ죬
ܺñٵһʱ뵽޾ĻУƵĲϺˡ
˽νԶںϻսĻɵͫ΢
ϻһƲǸСһȻûаͷǾŸСһʵǿҲȲǾˣȴ۰ǾҲСһмӣⲻǴ𣬻ñ
Σ˾ˣ΢ͼ߱죬ֻܻ
ϻЦôȷǸСһˣ˵Ѿʧô˶԰ɣλԸ۰СˣֳĬʲôҲƬػôƽǸСһȥƬŭУ
䣬â֯ܲϿɣȴòϣϻĻȷʵ
ﬣ
ӿâ죬޾ɱɱͬʱдƬɱâӿҲһУͬʱɱ
ȽǳˣǿҲɵñɫ޾⣬ӭϰɱ
ΪϻսһԵʣʱӭϰŭɱڵһʱֱ֣ӱƬᴩ
Ѫա
ϻ첻ɵôЦϻ磬СһĽâܲ
ɫѿӱޱɭĿֱӻӶ޾ѹ𣬺͵һ
˼ǰˣϻ쿴ϿĴ쾧Ŀڻϣɨ죬һǣ
һϱȿֲϢѹأʼͰһ𣬺ɱͻɱ⺧˵㡣
һԶԶĿȶԾǲɵľϾ۷۵Ľ棬ҸǱ彵٣֮ǿԸһС
ʱһаµĽ绤ţͲܻ㣬ܲĿϢ
ֲ̫̫ˣ
¡
۳ڵĻʱӭϢҲǲɵ΢һһκˣܲȲ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰĴ۷۴ײֲһӿزϴ磬޾ʱֱ뵽ֻ֮С
ﬣ
ʱдŭ⺮⣬ֿν㣬ƵĻ͵첻òȫ֣ϻս䣬ȻȻҲܱʵȫ֡
һʱ䣬طսʮռ䣬ȴ쾧ﱻܿ⣬طһһڱ̮
󣬻øǿһɻ籩˷Ƶȥ
֮һнԱݻ١
ǿļۻһҲǺȻʧɫֱӱɻԵķ˾ɣҲ֪䵽ʲôطת۱ʧӰ١
ͬһʱ䣬˱ɫʱ򣬰µĽ翪ʼҡһѺۡһ̣һֱӷ
ϯһʧȥػһʱ䱻˵ķ˾ϯԶͬʱȷдĻֱ֮ӱѹ
ϻͰʱͬʱƫͷԴһ⣬һͬʱ֣ڵĻ֮ȴûסǣȷϯһԶȥ
Сӣ뿪طȫѡ񡣡
ϻ
һ̣Ͱٴηſֽţս͵죬ɱâѹʮ

һ˱ֲϯڣһ˲Ʈ޾ԶҲ֪˶úǵȻԵķ˲ʧͬʱס
ΪҪˡ
׻˿Һ
Ҫ˳֣϶

ղǵȻĺܿ£ϢϻͰ֣ܻסǣǾԻڵһʱ
˶ǵͷղŵǵ״ȷʵǷǳգûϻͰ֣һתۼͶᱻǷֱѹ١
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵λӿζĸ
һ˾λãԶλãԶϻսĵطʱѾĻ棬ȴǲɵýĿǸϣжžâ
˵쾧˭У

üҡͷ˵
Ǹλãϻ졢𡢻͵죬ߵʵ޼ΪһӪһܹõ쾧ĺжϡ
쾧۷۶ޱȿ䣬үҪǵõһͺˣ
׻˫۷Ź⡣
ȥ
׻ӣ۷棬ȥΣ
ûڴ
Ǹλãܷ񷶼Ĵ۷棬ˡ
һԶԶĿһ۱ʱȥǸطһͬʱܻĺһʱ䶯ĸӾңϢøӺˡ
漴һ̣һδ󣬺ƽǸϣʧҲָԭ֮ǰǰˡ
ǼˣˣƬˣ
ݡ
ͷȥ
ʱǴλñƽû֮ǰǵȻԵܽ֯ͬնָԭҲȻǾǸλõϻͰ뿪ˡ
׻տǸλã˶٣ɵÿڵ쾧˭õˣ
һ˶ҡͷ£û˵塣
˵֮ǰӦǰ뿪Ƭģλǰʵ̧־¡ʱڣ񣬿ԼʵҪ뿪Ƭ磬ʵЩ鷳
Ǹʱпȥ뿪£Ǽ˵ս

룺Ҳǡ
ˣЩ뿪ƬЩ鷳ҲûʲôˣǵǰûʲôΣգҲҪʲôҪ¡Ƭ磬ʿܶǵĵˣǾͽƬ統֮أУǵʵһ·
˵


1719 
һ˾磬Ҫ뿪Ƭ磬ҪôǴﵽϣǿ˺յ뿪Ҫô͵͵Ǳʮڵ紫뿪
ߣһ߶Ƿǳѣԣ֮Ӧһʱ䡣
ΪɱһȺʿĹϵν֪˶Է磬һʿǣƶԣ˵ڣǻϱضǵС
ڴˣ쵹ǲô⣬ʱ޷뿪޷뿪ûʲôϵǲûʲôرеҪȥȥϾ飬ʱԣǰż
ƬʿǣҲûʲôˣ֮
𣡡
໣
޺صΪƽǱûԾ
һʱǴһĴɽУеǳŨԿв޵ӰڶԲ
ಣ
ƿصһͷ޴һˣ˫ſʮңڵرͶ´ƬӰһС
Ȱ벽ˣ
ƶݡ
̧ͷȥֱӾһƣ۵һǽ֮ĵķǡ
ǾڣΪֻ壬֮ǰٶ͹壬֮ڵǿ߶һһͷȰ벽ݣ׾١
Դˣһû⣬Ϊ֪жǿʱټ棬ԴҲԾ֪ʣʣҪһѡ
ʲô
ʵ
Ϊȣ׻СӣʲôȫתѰȥΪٶȵȥ֮ǰʱ˵Ļԭⲻļ
ܺҪۺ죬ôң
бһۡ
׻ۣү˵˵
û˵ʲôŽʲô
ҲʱڣƬڤ룬˵ڡ
ôһ˵쵱ݡ
ͬʱͰˮˮҲ΢׻˫۷Ź⣬Ŀϡ
Сӣȷô֪ǸʲôڤĴڣ
Щ
Ǻܾˣһдá
ƬڤһȺʿ¡

ԣ΢жݣ뵽Щʲô֮ǰЩʿ׷ɱ㣬Ϊ£Ϣй¶ȥҪɱڣ

ͷܼࡣ
лһĨâ⻹ջ
Сӣûⲻͳˣ׻˫۱ޱȾϽģȥڳ
ǣʱѾȥôˣ費Ѿȡ˰ɣ
ˮˮô˵
Ӧòᣬĵطһ㶼о˵ĴֻƣϢףҪƾȡ裬ڱóظֵ£񾳵ǿߣҲúķѰϵʱ֮ܽȡС
ǻʲôϽɱŹȥ
׻
һûϵǿߣ챾ȴƿ˵ظһڵĴߣֻҪڵأһ׾ٵĴнȡ
ǿر
ͷҲɣкһˣڤȥ
ڤҲЩ֮ǰѹһʿʶʱе֪˲ٶоڤڡ
һٶȺܿ죬ڤǡɾǵǰڵλò㼫ԶԣʱǱڤΧ
ȥڤڹľϡ裬ԵЩڣƮһƺɫоȥ·һڤһ㡣
СӣиоϢ

쿴ڤڣƻͫڣڤ룬¹ȥʮһĨ΢⻮
ߣϣ
ǰֱӿڤ룬ڤλöȥ
ţ۹Ѱڤĵ֮ƣֻڤ뱱о˵ĵ֣Դƶϣڤڵ裬ضǴǸλϡ
˸ٶȲתۼǿȥԶڤλá
ȥǰһɽȣаɵƮţԵЩ䣬ȴּŷǳŨ֮Ϣ
ǰɽȣֱоâ֯
оˣǰڣȷʵĲ
˵
ô˵ˮˮ˶Ŀ¶⡣
Ͻȥȡ
߬צӵ
ͷһֱӿɽС
һۣǽڣڰɵдУɽȥ
ڿѹ֣ͬʱвдвٵϢУ΢ڡ
ϵǿ
ƶݡ


1720 
ʮн֯һƵϢȻϵǿط΢
ǺŨӦڼǿߡ
ȻҲоƮڿеϢƶϵ
ˮˮü񼶱ڡ
һУС̫ǿڣʵȻⲻǿߡ
ûϵ⡣
˵
طص½֯зǳӵȻӣ̺аĵ֮ƿصΪЩ֮ս޾񼶵ʿ
кһˣɽȥ
Խڣ֯İɫԽŨ¶Ҳø䡣
һۣһнںԶ
Ҳʱǰо˵ܴΪ֮𶯣ϯգǳˡ
ȥǰİɫ֮ǿɢʮӰһַ⽻֯ƽʲô
ڣԶԶĿߣ΢֮ǰǵ˲дµġ
ƽʲô
졣
쿴ǰȻɽϻĵ֮֯ɱֻȣƽһɱ֡
˭
ʱǰһʮӰеǸǿ߸Ӧһ˵ϢֱƫͷâлȻ
춯ݣɫһˣٺƳȥʮԶܿԷâ
͵һǸղڣֱӱâУƬϢʧҲֱӱһƬ
ʹһľ׻µ񼶵ǿ߹Ȼ£ֻƣ
ǰ񼶵ĺַ߷һˣʮʿȻȻҲһˡ
ࣿ
ʮ˽ΪʿⶼǺ䡣
һʿֻһ壬ûνļͬʮھڤһ㣬ʱˣԸɱ
ͬʱЩ˿档
㣡ûбɱ
Ȼй¶Ϣ
ͬ
Щ֪棬Ϊ֮ǰ¶ɳʮǿɱڡ
ɱǣ
ǸַĮڡ
ǣ
ʮʿУһӦΪһ벽ֱһˣ֣û޾ܣһͬʱ֡
һʱ䣬¡¡ģطնɵöطֱѿ
һǰֱ̧֣һĹȥ˼ܣڶԷ֮ϣһŭĲҽУ۵һֱӽԷĵķ飬ͬҲһ
һʱ䣬ʮʿΪ֮ɫ䡣
ֵˣһ벽ȴô׾ͱɱ
ڶѣȻ
һǿڣΪطȴǸַǿˣº󵱼ֱӳȥ
һǿߣˣǳ¡
ûӭС̫Сһ꣬¡
һǿߣ̺ǻĺܣ¶ԷʥԿһھ˵ĵر
ѽ
С̫Ȼ˼Ӧ˫ᶶɫƵֱӽԷͬʱɫɱԷʶһҽУֱӽԷʶڵĥʹöԷе֮һţֻʣһõǱ
һʱ䣬طʮʿǱɫеһҲôױɱˣǿС̫ɵ¶ݡ
ڣ
ڵǸַһʱʱͣƽǰĵɱ֣ĿС̫ϣԵú䣬һǰȥ
޴ҪԶˣ
޴˴񾳣һˣǿҲڣת۾ͻᱻȫĨɱ
ɺޣҽǿ߾ǰУ
ЩʿȻ֪һǵνҹ䣬ΪǰطʱֻΪط˱ɱĿɭ
޴˻ǱģĨɱȫȡ裡
ʮʿˣ顣
Ҳʱ񼶵ĺַ߶ˣҲʲôرĶƬֱŤ֯һ֣ƺƵĳһѹ£֯˵Ļ
ӭ󣬰Ͱˮˮһ˶һݣĹǿɾԵˡ
ӣСӣˣ
ͷڵرһ𣬶ʱ䣬ط涼ʼζããĹԵصӿӭַѹ
תۼ䣬ײһ
¡¡
صںַ߼תۼǱѹķ飬ңһɾ˴ϯһ˳ȥ֮Զ
ˣ
ʮʿɫַ߿ڵǿߣȴȻһڵʿԶ
ܵסˣ
׻ۣ֪ƿ֮ǰʾĵ֮һս޾񼶵ǿߣʱһĻȴǲɵΪ֮ľ
棬񼶵ĺַסĿϣдԵľɫɫԵЩÿʲôⲻ
ΪĳֻڶѣܼôǿĹ
ûҪ㡣

ַߵһǾֱɱ㣡
һɢ˲ٱٴγѹ¡
޾壬طʱһڵصӡƣѾڵص׹΢͵ʱת󣬵ĵ֮ݻʮͷ
໣
ʮнʵԻƺƵĳźַѹתۼǱԷܣ֮˳ȥԶֱоѪӿ
һĻʹطʮʿǱɫַ߼Ҳ𾪣ΪղѾ˾ųɵǣȴɱңˣ

ɭһâӿ֯ط
ϢһƵ˶ǲɵɫһݡ


򣬿Щ£
ȻҲǸоȲĿ£ǳˣȴûκεı仯
תޣͬһʱ䣬ȻɵһתȻɵʩΪ嫵ĵ֮ͬʱ֮ӿ뻷ϣһ۳һ߳߳ܽ
ն
ƽȻɵ֯ܽˣںַ߻δüǰֱӳŶԷѹ¡
͵ģʮֱӱǱ
ַӭһɫ㡭
ۣ
ٶȿ켫תն䣬仰ն򣬶ֱ֮ķ顣


1721 ն񣬵
Ѫˮ䣬㴥Ŀַ߱һն飬طʮʿȻ
ȻǰһˣʱҲٴľ
ղźɵȻɵʹֱһʵݣСӣȻɵѲɾΪ˺ս

ŭ𣬽еѪ䶯ת۱Ǻ£һ𣬺ַؾ۳
ؾ۳ʱٴο죬ڵǿɫøѿĿ
ɱ㣡
ͳɱʼչȫͬʱҪѹʮ
ߣڵһʮռе޾Ƹ֣𣬿۳һƵΣַ
ˣ
Ź⣬̼ʹϵĿռûңĺַ߸Ǻݺһӿܵâת۱Ǳ
еһڴʱ֮߶Ȼɵϣǿнĵ֮ʮ֮ݻһѹʮռڵһС
㡭
ַ߿죬ŭӣҼһɺ⣬Ϊǰ״ɷǳܽ֯ŵɢ̫ǿˣһѹطֱӱˡ
ֽ̧ӡ֯Ĺâʢ漴һ̣ʶŹ⣬ӡȻɵĵ֮֮ʩչֱڵĺַѹȥתۼûԷʶڡ

ַߵҽУӡûʶֱӹ꣬ʹ˲ϢʹҸо˴вʼҵ
㵲ˡ

վԭأһӡطصµȫʮͷֶ˲佫еĺַߵĵֵѹȥ

ҽд̶ŭ֣һ̣˵һԣַߵֻʣһıһڵرеתۼŵһɶ
طһ±һļžʮʿǰͰˮˮˣʱǲɵ¶ɫ
ˣ
׻ۡ
ôٶȾȻɵնһݲԾ
棬ʮʿ̲ס
⡭ôܣ
ʮʿѽ壬һһǿߣȻ׾ͱնɱطңǱһڵʿɱ
Щʿ죬һʱ䶼ǲɵ÷ŵŵźˣ볯Զȥٶȿ쵽㣬ʱֱѡߡΪǵһ񶼱նˣǲ̸Ի
Ҳһ̣Щ˳ԶһƬ򣬿ռŤһɱͻأϯ˷

ҽеӳȥʮʿһ⣬ȫɱ˸
ǡ
ۣʱطڣûһ˶֡
쿴ĵڵһСɱ֣֮£ûܵס
˵⻰û⣬ַֽ̧ߵץ˹ⱣϾһ񼶵ǿߣ̵ľǷǳˣʥһ˵ʵһأǱøǿ
񼶺ַߵ֮ǰǸǿߵͬʱ漴кˣⷽɽȵλöȥ
ⷽɽڽ֯һ޴ؾڻ࣬ɱֲ٣Ҷܾˣв벽񼶵ǿߡƿؾһ;ž˵ӦЩɱֲѣܿгȥԶ
ʱǰһˮأˮðЩ䣬ֳ˾·һпԡ
ۣƽ֯䣬˲ˮر濴͸صףһ޴İɫ񾧣⡣
ҵˣ
лһĨâ
ðһ˺ˣԼǰ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Ͻ֯ɱˣ쿿һʱ˵ɱǿԵܽһжᴩʹðͰˮˮһ˶Ǳɫ
֣࣬ȴηӣתޣȻɵܿǽ˵ɱƿˮؽǰûƴӡص׵İɫץ
һʱ䣬Űɫ񾧱ץʮռʱһɾ˵İˮˮһ˽¶ɫ
ǡ裿
׻


1722 
ɫ񾧽֯˷ǳŨޱȣһ˲оë׶Ҫչ˿ǲ¶ݣĿâ
裿
˷ܡ
ͷǡ
ˮ֮£ʮشֻػȷ裬ֱΪɵ򣬿ϴԴ꣬ôࡣ
ʱеС˵Ǽֵˣ֮ƽָһҲܹõ޴ĺôٶһС̨׵Ϊ
ߣ뿪Ҹط֮
˵
£кͰˮˮһ뿪طú뵽һĴɽڣѰһǳεڡ
Զ֣ƽСָָһˡУָˮˮ࣬Ϊˮˮ񻹴ڰ벽ɾ磬֮ǰʥʱˮˮûǵȱ
һ˸ԷֵһЩΪѾǴɼ磬ңﻹһǿߵԼһǿߵʥһΪ±øǿ
ʼ
طӡʮ󣬽طһϢϣһ˵
漴һ˵¶ضλϥ£ˮˮֻ裬Ͱһһ裬һʥǾǿߵԼǸڼǿߵǡ
С̫ûһΪһ˻ΪСһõ磬˵һڳ޴أĵرѾûʲô塣
£һطһ貵Խ֯ҫһƬͨâһ𣬻ˡ
ˣ
ת̫ľһ裬һʥǾԼڼǣɫ⻷ƣٱǿͬʱΪҲһٶȳ
ңʱҲʼĵɵȻɵģȻǲڵ
ȵڰ벽ʱƿأʣӵмΪ˵ֱڣҲ֪Ǿʲô뾡콫֮ͨ
иоһԼŪԼƿصΪʲôôʵԻһʵľ޴
ˣ
һ߽ɢϢøˣΪٶҲø졣
ˣʱһΣתۼʱȥ
պһ죬һǿʢڳΪڴﵽ۷壬Ƚǿ࣬ӿǵǿȺǿȵȣһС
ʱ軹ʣ²٣ǾǺ̵ľҲ࣬˶ٺ󣬼ʣµ裬ͬʱתʥǿ̵ľ׼ʹüǿȺΪȣǷɿıǿ
УҲòʮڱĵۻʣǺܾˡڱһ˶ǵõ˾޴ĺô
ˣ
øӶĿ֯ĵâҲǱøӾˡ
ˣһۣһµʱȥ
һºһ죬豻ϣǺ̵Ѫ⾫ҲȫǾֱ飬ɻҡ
벽ͷ
˫ۣоâտտ
裬Լڼǣһ죬Ϊﵽ벽ͷֻһ˿ǿԿ硣
Լ䣬Ѿе֯
۷壡
Ա
ˬ
׻Ц
û˵ʲôʱҲﵽ۷壬ĬĬظԼǰ
ż¾硣
˵
ĵرΪԼսΪвͬĵرǳҲԶԼսΪǰȹ̣ԣһЩĵرΪ󣬶ҪʱķѲ̵ʱΪ硣
£һٴαչأתԼĹž̵ǰΪ磬ֱֹȥһµʱͣ£Ϊȹ̡
粻Զˣ
ĵ
ͷ죺СӣȥһͻƵ
ͬ⣡
׻͡
бһۣѰ裬ȥΪôң
˶٣ȼչأ
Ѿڰ벽ͷֻһ˿Ϳɿһսһ޴ı仯ңͬʱΪһڵ޼ɱǧһľ磬ܲеı޼ɱǧǿ˵ķ󣬵ʱǰӡ޾ɱΪǻȥһͨǿнڵ紫ʹãмϣ뿪Ƭ硣
⻰ƺһ˽Ƕݡ
ˣ
׻ʵ
ͷһ㡣
찡Ƶ֮ǰǿг֮ôĺܴƺܸƵӿڵľѸٱǿ
ȷʵǷԭ򡣡

һֵ漴ֱطʼչأһΪ֮
ˣ
ת̫ľͬʱɵüľٴαǿ
ȻΪûĵرԣʱľٶȣû֮ǰǰ죬˷ǳࡣ
Ȼٶ˺ܶ࣬ǣʱǿľȴɷǳȽ
ˣʱɿţתۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱ䣬һϥԭأһ·һ·ǿһ죬һ绡֯
ˣ
һ׵ڲըƬأԲǧڵĿռֱӱһɫкʲϣԵϢǵض¡
һʱ䣬ͰˮˮȶǲɵһȻڼС̫⣬Ķһ£ʵȻϢֲ̫ˡ
ˣ
ٴαӿ޴ĺɫкʣһѪɫ佻֯·һУ˵㡣
һ̣һɫлɢȥڵѪɫһɢȥǵȻԵϢתۼʧӰ١
ڴʱ˫ۣУϢâһûתʧ
ˣ
ʵֹһΣ٣ֶ˳Ӷʹɢȥ

ͷվ
׻˵Щֲܿ
ԱߣƵҲǿ΢΢ü
ղţֻǴҴһԣһȴǸоٵĿֲţ֮£κ˶Եס


1723 ׿
ٽֻԻһ˲䣬ǵϢȴͰһ˶ɫأʵǵ̫ڿ£һУ·ܽضٵһ㡣
쿴һ˵ر飬Ȼ֪ΪģЦŵõģû⡣
ƿɵڼĳ̶ϰ֮ʵɵĸҪȹ٣Ӧǿ԰õ
첻С̫ﻹףΪһͷƤɣȻ˲٣Ƿȴɷǳˣʵڲʱǿпⳡ١
˵ţûطĶֱкһ뿪ֱȥʱѰһȽʺϵĶɽ֮ء
ȥʮռǳΪһ޴ĻԭһֱǰðһԶ룬ֱӿ
һʱ䣬һ̶ľ׶Ϊ֮ɫеһʱ両ֶѪɫһƽ֯УԵϢǵض£ʮռ̼뵽ڰ֮С
Ϣ򣬼ֱǡ
Զ׻Ķ£˿Һ
ȻǰȳȵˣʱһĻҲɫһƬأΪɢϢȷʵǳֲš
ܶɵĹȥ𣿡
ˮˮЩġ
٣ֻԶԶĿţ͸о궼·Ҫѿһ㡣
Աߣʮ¸ǵԲ˫ۣ٣ˮˮ·٣ֳǽ磬Ϊʲô٣
ˮˮۣΪǸ̬
˵ţ£˶ʵС£Ϊʲô֮ǰʱ㲻Ҫ
֮ǰѰ裬Ȼзָ£ȴûнܣûбҪЩ档
¶˶٣ûбҪΪҲûʲô⡭
䣡
Ϊֱ֮Ӵ仰
ǰɫУܼѪɫ罻֯һ׷䣬Ϊһ򵥵׹ֱ֮ƬΪ֮пռͻ
̧ͷһ׷оâ֯ɵƮͷ֮ϡ
һ̣һһ׷䵽ǰֱӽ֮û
ۣ
Ѫɫ䣬ڵһʱ䱻ķ顣
ͬʱɵҲһ飬
Զ±ɫ̲סֳ
ԱߣҲݡ
ⳡȻǳֲɱϾŵһ׷Сûɵסü漴һ̣лһĨ΢⣬һ뵽ʲôſڵѵǹģ
Ȼ
ڡ
ҲһͿ˳У
Ϊ˼ޱǿԼҲ̫ˣǡ
ˮˮӡ
ǿȥ٣յĻУĲһܹܵˣʵ̫ʹˣǷ˼ʹࡣ
һ׽飬ɵ飬Ҳ֮ը̳һƳе绡֯ա
һ̣ģѪ䶯۳̫ľת֯Ѫе׷֮ھʹжѪ⡢Ǻꡣ
ͬһʱ䣬֣ɵƬռԽɫ⽫֣֮ܡ
ڵԺ쾧ȶͱռʥıԴһ˿ԴֻҪԶҲô飬ڼ̵ʱ޸
⽫֮ǣתۼ۳壬øǿ󣬺Ӿˡ

ͷŲϣӺ
ϣɫкʣѪɫ罻֯һѪɫ¡¡졣
һ̣һ죬ڶ׷Ϊһ޴ٲƺƵĲѹ䡣
޾壬ɵڿնӭϣǲκο⣬׷֮ɵһûתۼֱķǡ
֮۳ӭһһֵ׷κεĿ⣬׷֮кϴɵ
ң׷֮췣вȱһõĸɿ
һʱ䣬¡¡죬תʮ׷ڲκο³ʮ׷֮ʮΣǵԱøǿļǿҲͻƣ˲١
ȻǱǿˣļҲõͻƣʮ׷ȴҲ˼صˣټǿӲȥˡ
ʱƫͷС̫
ѽ
С̫Ȼ˼⻪һֱӷɳһ۳ǰֱ׵֮ϣ֯Ĺԡ


1724 ̧
ž˵ԣС̫ʱϣʱǺϣеԽ֯γһԲεĹ֣֡
䣡
ʮһ׷Ӧ䣬ٶȿľˣգۼǽ쳹׸û
ʮռ䣬Ƭ𣬿ռй̳Ʈܡ
֮£쾲վţĹɽ֮ţû㲨Ǻδ
ⱦ׹Ȼˣ
Զ
ϾƤɣлһ꣬ˣҲԱȵ۷弶Ҫ׷ѡ
ˮˮ
վ֮£Ϊ׵׷ԾΪϵһĻ
ʱת̫ľ̺Ѫе׷֮һʱ䣬ȻȻ͵绡֯дٵϢ
ңͬһʱ䣬ٴܱ׽ɵʹ֮¾۳ǽ֯һƵ֮⣬ɢĺø⡣
Ҳʱ˵һ𣬵ʮ׷֣ΪһƬܼɽƿѹһС
췣Ʒǳˣֻǣ׵ķǿƥȵĽ׷¡
֮֮ϣʮ׷ʮ׷ʮ׷ʮ׷ʮ׷£һֱһֿ£ȴ׸ֵ
漴һ̣һ׷֣һӰԲϵи֣ʹͷʿжϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰ֮۶ɣ֯ĻϢһʱããգƺƵѹ¡

üн֯⡣
֪ʲôʱʼ٣һ׷˳ⲻò⣬ܾаЩ֮¡
ֻǣȻԴЩ⣬ȴȥ룬Ϊ֪벻ͨȻ벻ͨȻƽ׵ȥ˷Ѿ
䣡
ʮ׷ת۱䵽ǰ
׷֮£ĸо׷Ŀ£ҲžԵģʱǺ򶨡
ʵϣȷʵûʧֲֿ׷Ǳõĵֵ
͵ģ绡̳֯һƣ󣬲ϣɫһֽɢƬؼĺڰҲת۲ڣʮռ±ù
ɹȥˣȵ
Զ׻̲ס
ǰڻһԡ
ˣ
ڰɢȥĲϣһ߲Ƹֶ·߲֮⡣
̺֮ޱȾ˵
һʱת̫ľ߲֮⣬ͬʱ֣ɵƬ۵ǰתۼʹɵܳϣϵӡǱø࣬ƸˣҼһϢ֮
н֯âʣɵøǿˣΪ־ٴڣԿԳǻ֮ʣ
ɵڣĵӿ߲⣬ʹüɢľһƱǿʢΪҲǽ
ˣʱһΣת۱һ̶ӹȥϵ߲ת۱ɢ
Ҳʱͣת̫ľǿʢһ壬ΪﵽھͷҪ˶ʱǿԿڡ
ʹԵͷǿгػ٣յ֮ȻǲпһЩʹޱȣȷʵżá
΢΢漴ܼ仯֮Ժͨǿȣڵܹʶø׳󣬸ʵһʵ
ʱܺκһս
ϲ
ƿһһʱ˹ˮˮڵ
ɢϢԲһˣ

񣬿磬ҿ٣ȻȻɢϢƽͣȴǴһֵϣ·һڳ㡣
Ϣʹðȳȵ˶ɵ΢˸ȻЩԾ
ֳ̫ˣ
¿죬ǹǵһμͨɾ֮٣£ǰ˵˵
һЦ漴⻪һж£½С̫
ѽ
С̫գգ۾ʱҲڴ죬Ҳܸоǿ
׻죬˫۲ɵ÷Ź⣬ڿȥˣ
бһۣȲһЩɱҸǱ룬紫뿪Ƭ硣
ү˼ǣ뿪
׻
бһۣ漴кһ뿪ط󣬵ѰһεĵطС
һٶȺܿ죬һʱȥ뿪˶ɽ֮غԶ
ﬣ
ʱ̶һаϢĽնһʱʮգϢ֯ϡ
һʱ䷢Ƚâɫһڼ䲻ݷ䣬ŰͰˮˮ˺ƿȥԶֱһܿ

Į
ԶâնķԻȻʿ
ڡ
΢˫ۡ
ˣƽûκα仯
˵вϣԾĻᣬ
Уһ˿ڣĮ̬һˣ֪һ˲򵥣ȴ⣬ΪǶԾҪѹһ˲ѡ
ƽҹûһ
磬Ͱ벽񾳵İɰھŵҹһս
Ŀ䣬ұߵһ˿ڣƾ㣬ҲԳ˵ţ˻һֹɫһ䣬̲סˣΪϢ䣬ڰ쾹ͻأǰ㡭
ˣ
ʱԼٳڶԷǰ̧־һƣն
ۣ
ѪˮĽڵһʱ䱻ĵķ飬ͬҲһ
һĻƺ˶ǲɵõۣ֪ʷǷսԶͬǿߣʱһĻȴǲɵóԾ
ôҲһڼǿ߰ȻԴ̧֮һƾ͸ˣǡ
׻ɵö¡
ȵİ棬Ҳ¶ݣȴҲǽ֯տտâ
ͬһʱ䣬棬һ¶𺧵ı顣ʵ൱һ˾Ȼת۾ͱ
ҵʵаɣ
쿪ڣʿĵ
ʿԣһʲôҲûУͷӡ
һ̧־ĨɱڼǿߵˣԲǿԿ⡣
ܣɴࡣ
ŵ
Ǳɣûʲôûȥ׷ָֻ΢΢ٶȿ켫ת۱׷϶߳ȥˣ˵ĺױֱĹᴩ롣
ۣ
ۣ
ѪԶը߳ȥʿ߶ûüһ


1725 ǬԪɱ
ѪˮƮУ㴥Ŀ
ǿߵѪ
ǡ
һķۡ
ڼǿߣȻתۼͱĨɱһɶսֲĨɱһİ벽񶼲ʲôˡ
ǿгܻԵ壬û治һĴ󡣡
Ƶ
ıûʲô仯նɱڼʿûκγɾ͸У·ֻնһ㣬ʱԶһαǳһԡ
߰ɡ
кһ˵
£һ뿪طú뵽һĴɽ֮ڡ
ɢǿطѰһȽϿɽߣɽⷽԲɵķΧڿӡͨ󷽲ͣ
ѹ۷ǿߵķ󣿡
׻졣
С
򵥵
ûй˵ʲôһΧ漴ʼ
ǧһʱ俪ʼȽˮ׼񶥼⼶ĽȻȫ͸
ˣ
ڴȻȻл֯ǿķӿ

磬һ
ʲô
ڣһŵУһͳ𣬴Եɭ֮ɫ
ڸղţǰѰץһ˵ļ֮ڵƣȫϨˡ
ԤʾţȫѾ
ǱȺɱ
ҽʿһģǼ˼ȻǺʱǺȺйأ
ôĵӣһٶҽ磬ҽʿ飡
ڻʿʵ׵ĴڣǺܱ
Ϊô࣬þĴһ˿ڣҵԳ֣ôҲѾܾãӦó߶߶ˡ
ˣ
ڱչΪνвϱ˶£Ҫ֮һĴ𰸡
⼸˿ڡ
һʱ䣬ɰ벽񼶵Ϣ֯ӿ֣һ̣ڣӰϢʧ

ĺĴɽڵһɽС
ˣ
⣬ӿһһĲ񼶵ǧ
ʱɿţһαʱȥķ֮ǿʹøİ˶Ƕݣȷ֮Ӱ죬ò
ǧ󡣡ʶȴʱӦȷ֮Ȼǵһʱ֪ڲǧ˸͵ֱ֮Ҫڴȫƿ
ǿ
ˮˮ
֮ǧĲԽӾһ˶ǲɵúˡ
Ϊǵȷ֮ʵ̫ھˣǵȷϢӰ죬ʵǺܲȻڼС̫⡣
֮󣬺ܿʱȥ
ºķ֮ﵽһ˵ĵزʹһѾ˵ɽ߱Եǵȷ֮ʵǺܾˡ
Ҳʱ˫ۣдһʹԣһ֮С
ô
ˮˮʵʱǰȥ
񼶵Ľ󣬲ȫƿˡͷ֮ɱ󡣡
޼ɱ󣿡
ʵ
ǧ޼ɱ֪
ҡͷһɱɱ󡣡
⻰һһ˶ɵóԾ
ǵȲεɱȻУ
׻ۡ
Ȼ
Ц
ʵϣƿصġһУȻ۷弶εɱУֻˮ׼޷ȥǵȼɱΪʵԶԶ
ǿȥ򣬲󲻳ɣһ̶ȵķ˺
˶٣һ˻ۣʼɱ
ˣ
⣬ñ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬ת۱һƱɱ⽻֯
ɱ΢ת۱ԼƿʼʱʹﵽһΪֲĳ̶ȣİ˶ǲɵһо嶼ۡ
Ȼ޼ɱֲ
˿Һ
ʱŸոտʼǵɱ󣬱ֲɱ֯ʵЩˣĨһС
ϥɽģܽ֯Ϊǿʢɢɱøǿ
ʱɱΪǬԪɱ󡱣ΪһеһǿɱΣĪ⡣
Ϊǿɱһǵû⡣һǵǬԪɱǧϣɶԸ۷弶ǿߡ
ˣ
֯ӿɱǬԪɱԽԽ¡
ˣһۣһ¹ȥ
һºɱѾŨҵ㣬󣬺һɽߵĴɽֱӱķѣ̳ʹϵһƬ
Ͱˮˮڵһʱ䳷ȥԶԶԶĿ̳֯طԲɵ𺳣Ŀ˸
ֻڲĹоƣҪ̳ǵö£
׻̲ס˿Һ


1726 벽ɱ
ɽڵĴɽȻֻ̮ɢϢѾܲˣʯɽֱ̳ȥʮ¶ĳ
λôȵţ޾ɱϣγʵʻɱϣ֮˶УܱɳɽϵһЩʯȫɱķ飬׻ϸɳڵϡ
ˣ
âϽ֯ûڼ
ʱЩð
Զ׻
û˵ɱȼɱȻҪķʱ䡣
ˮˮ
һ˾Զһ߿һھܡ
ȻڰɷΧڶӡ˽ƣԽطϢһ㲻ֵܷˣǣҲõ̷һʲô
ϥǰĬĬĻԽԽǿ
ˣתۼһ¹ȥ
һ¹ȥһ죬ϵɱøˣҪʮػ
Ҳʱ˫ۣܼâ֯ɱ⣬󽥽ָΪƽռģ
ˣ
Զһ˻
ˡͷӡһЩ̨С
µʱ䣬ǬԪɱһǣһǵƿȻܴס
һ˵漴ȡһЩʯʼ
ʯļֵ󣬲ȴЩ꣬Ҳ˲٣ӡǿӡ̨ľѲϡ
ˣ
һת˫붯ʩչַһƴָ⽻֯ӡһʯϡ
ʱ䣬һۼһ¹ȥ
ˡ
һ죬ͣ
һµʱ䣬;ϢͲܹӡʮǧ̨ԼʮһǵǬԪɱ̨
ʮǧʮһǵǬԪɱ໥ϣԶԸͨ۷ǿˡ

ʵ
һ֮£ѡһԣΪʵࡣ

ѡȥԭֻΪλ
£ûԥһ뿪طֱڵλöȥ
һٶȲܿгȥԶ
䣡
ʱԶոǿܣӰطٶȿ켫
ֻһ۶ѣӰڽǰΪߣ䡣
벽񣿣
׻ݡ
ʱɢϢǿĸоЩĲ
ˣҲжݣ΢΢ü
Ͼ벽񼶵ǿߣǶԻǷǳǿġ
Ĳ£
쿴ˣƽ
棬ߵĿһϣĿԵǳ
ȫѹȡвϺ󣬽
һĮ
νսܡ
Ż䣬ֱӶˣ벽񼶵ܺƵһ۱ǽʮọ̈̄ǰֱһѹ¡
һˣ츲£ͬҲһ֡
ƽֻһָڶԷѹĴϣȽ֮¡
һʱ䣬ֵߵݣ㡭
һȻֻôǰ벽񼶵ǿߣǷǳǿᣬ񣬾Ȼһָ͸
ͬһʱ䣬󷽣ĸ벽ǿҲǶݣͫһ
ʲô
һü
߿죬ɫ΢ѹµƿʼ
Ȼ쵲ϵָȴһҲֱʮɵѾ¶ʱָһһƬƽ
㿴ȥƺЩࡣ
ʱ쿪ڵ
ƽ߶УȴǴŨķ̣ʹߵɫһʱЩɭСǲõá
ﬣ
ָһ콣ֱָ̽бŽ۵һ߳ߵģ󣬽Ʋ۵һš
һʱ䣬벽񼶵Ѫˮ½䡣
ߵŵŵɺˣѪؿѪɫһƬŭ

ŭһ벽񼶵ܷӿһֱӳһûһӰѹ¡
ûκζĶֱ̧֣һȭǰȥ
ˣ
񷶼ʮռڵһʱ䱻顣
͵һ߼ӰһʱǷ飬ȭͷؿڡ
ۣ
ѪˮһΣֱ飬Ψδ뿪ȥ
ջػӳȭͷԷǰ벽񼶵ǿߣȻû


1727 
İ벽飬ˣԶ죬ɫŭ־
ŭǣð벽񼶵ǿߣȴȻһһȭ飬ʵЩ衣û뵽ǿȵزȻŴͻҽһ顣
˿һĻǲɵ¶ݡ
ǣֱǡ
׻̲סۡ
һȭһ벽ķ飬ǿֲЩˣΪⲢȫһȭȥȫһȭ
棬벽񼶵ʿȻҲǳԾǱһȭˣŭ֮ɫʮֵѿ˫б鲼ɭɱ⡣
úúã֮ǿ󣬺ܺãĺܲϷСˣȴ˵е嶼ˣ
һ벽񼶵ֱӿлɵڽ֯
ʮռ䣬ȫ顣
ɱ㣡
̹ǣһγ죬ĵâԽҪһжĥ
ͬһʱ䣬ĸ벽񼶵ǿ߿죬һ˿ڣһ֣ٶѹȡвϣʰˡ
˵ͷ£Ҳˣһ޾Զһѹ졣
һ֣Ǽһûɣ
ˮˮ֪ǿ󣬵һĻȴǲɵЩݡ
ϾֵĿ벽
ֳ𣿡
¿ǰҲЩġ
ģû⡣

ȻŸոս磬ڣǣγٶ壬ټ챾Ϊǿֻ壬ʤˡ
䣡
ǰܺҡ벽ǿȺɱĽǰ
ΪղŵһĻ˶֪ǷǳˣԶһֲ̼ܵͬͬʱѹ죬Խ֯а֮Ĵҡ
΢˫ۣ벽񼶵ȷʵǿ벽һɱǵϢȷʵЩˡ
ȴһҲûѹ
ӭˣϣһһӲƻȻ䳯ǰ
ڼһϢΪ֮գԵǳһʱ˼ͨһɲǳһǰ
֮ǰһȭˣһʱֱӴ󾪣̲סˣ㡭
һ̡
΢ֱһ¡
ڼŵͬʱһöУ¡
벽񼶵ǿвҲڵκһ˿ѹҲ֪ҪɱȼˣҲǺףʱԵ
תۼ䣬乥˵ϡ
ۣ
˵ֱ鿪곯ߣȴ˲ӭڵĻ

ҽд̶鴤һ˲ڻ֮·

Ȼ֪СЩ̬Ҳʵڹڱ̬˰ɣ
׻ۡ
ôҲһ벽񼶵ǿߣȴȻô׾ͱһƸˡ
Сӣս״ﵽʲô̶ˣֱǡ
Ҳۡ

ǹ
¶տտâž⣬ս⡣
ǿ󣬼ǿߵս
ͬһʱ䣬ĸ벽ɫǲһ
㡭
¿죬ʱĸǿжһȻ
һѣɱеһˣսǵνˣ
ߣ
һҧ£ֱߡ
ǿˣ֮ǰǻΪֻǿֲѣڷ֣һºˣӣս֮ǿʱһСȳ̶ȵĵˣԲǿԿ⣬ֻڵЩνƹǰſӦԵˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ĵƿյٶȿ켫һ˲ǿ޾Զݻء
쿴˶ߣϵıûκα仯һ
һ·˲ƶһ㣬գ۱ǰ
ˣͲҪߡ
ƽֻ
ﬣ
̶âһϬĽ⻮תն䵽һ˽ǰ۵һǽնķǡ

˾ŭȻˣȴǲԼٳһλó롣
һ̣һһɫӦ䡣
֮֮ǰ֮Ĺв֮Ϊﵽ磬ٽһﵽ˵ؾת磬ӵڶؾɫݱɫ

ҽ̶ɫֱӽ˵ķ飬ʲôҲû¡
벽ݺһһʱͷƤˡ
ս̲ס־塣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮ʲôҲû˵ֱӶݡ
ʱ뵽ģֻСӡһ֡
Ψܣһߴϣ


1728 ֱ
սʵ̫ǿˣɱ벽Ȼǰɣ벽񼶵ǿ߸ľʱûһ˸ӦսԸٶȳһ߶ȥ
ȫûսˣֻʣ˿־塣
ĵ
ϻҲʲôսս£Ǽ˻иʲôս⣿
ˮˮԣ̲סۡ
ǰ쿴˶ߣһٴǰ
ûʲô΢̧һֱһɫĽâն
һնĺ⣬ȴ򵥣Ϊ콣еһ
ﬣ
Ľ˲Ϣת۹һš
۵һըͬҲһ
㣬㡭
ǿ߾֣̲סֱ
벽ѹŹȥã˱ּ̧Ĩɱ
Ǻεȿµս
ûʲôӡɫͼӷӡ֮תۼ佫С
סס֣һж
һ̲סе
ɱǶûκκô
һ˼едž塣
ЦɱǣҲûʲôô
ЩҪɱԼԼѣ顣
ӡ֯ɫ⣬תۼѹ䡣


ҽдӡѹѪҲ
һӣﰲ˲١
ս˹֮£ǿԾ޵ˡ
̫̬ˡ
ˮˮŵ
ֳ˺
۾âĺܣȫǽ쵱ֳ
С̫Ľͷ
ˣҲ̶˹
һЦ߰ɣȥ
벽ɱһСǵüȥͨڵ紫뿪Ƭ硣
£һնУԶط
漴ʱתۼǹȥʱ
ʱʱǰһǳޱߵĳǳأڹŽʣգǿƥϿڷɣһһɵǿʢ硣
ˡ

ʮ֮һ۷弶ǿ
׻ǰĳǳأСӣȷû⣿ǽɱϣܶԸ۷弶ǿߣ
̫ǿЩġ
ġ

˵ţкһˣֱӳǰȥ
о޴ĳţǿʿأͬʱҲвʿһطҪԲδκڣȻǱЩʿȫ
һʱ䣬ЩʿǶݡ
ࣿǱߴҪѹȺ࣡
һ˽Ѿ֮ãһ˵òѾʮʿѾ֪֪һ֮УʱЩʿһ˳֣һ¶⡣
Χץסǣ
˺ȵ
£طеʿȫԳ˳ȥ
ǰֱĳڶȥ΢һ⵴
һʱ䣬ģȺʿȫĺɡ
Դˣһ˱鶼ǲ䣬תۼǿ֮ڡ
ʼһʱ˲٣кܾ˵ϢʣҲ֪˶ꡣ
̧ͷĿһ۾Ĵһ޴ϣ̽ѰĹϢڵ紫󣬱Ǵ޴ϡ
ߡ
кˣֱն𣬳Ĵȥ
㶯Ǿڵһǿ߽Լһˡ
ǣвϵˣ
Ҵ
ȫѹ˱չغ󣬽˷䣡
а֮ϯһѹϡ

ֻô֣һƬâֱ
ֱ۵ıȫᴩԶ
һĻסһǿߣڣֵǿߣȻ׾ͱնˣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮صǰһʮߵӰ⽻֯˵Ϣʮ벽ǿߣڼǿߣڼǿߡ
Ϣ䣬ʮǰһˣһϮѪۣ䣬ˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôҴǵӲС˿ڣĮȻҲʡȴѰǵʱ䡣
ڣһɱ亮ɢһʱ佫ʮȫѹһ˵·ȫϡ


1729 Ǭɱ
ʮռ䱻ȫϣĺ⽻֯ܣҪ
ǵϢ
۷弶ǿߣƣֱ
׻ɵö¡
֮ǰڵʿǣʱ˺ǰ۷弶ǿȴȫ޷ȣ߼Ĳ̫ˣȫ֮
ǿҲڼ𣬾ȻҴڣǴĹԣ
Ѱ·
ڣʿһˣһӷ֮ɫ
ϣ۷弶ѪǿΪɭˣͰһˣûʲôĶ캣ˣһѹ¡
ʮûжɫ䣬Ŀϣڿһ߾ʬ塣
ЩУһ˴뵽ǿĳ֣ûл·ԡ
¡¡
ѹ䣬ռ䶼ŤϢ嫡䡢ˡ
һǰӭŶԷѹˣܹо޴ѹϵıȴ˿䡣
Ŀɨɨ󷽵ʮǿߣĿϣ΢ʮ˵ǿսˣһ֣ۼһҲʡȴҲ鷳һԽȫѹơ
£һʮˮʯֶ̨ÿһ̨϶ǽ֯ƣ̼һ𱬷ܼӡֱӽ֯ϣʮ
䣡
ʮռ𶯣̼ⷽû谵һƬһɱϢƵһʱ˳Ƭգһһɫ
漴һɱط֮ÿһɱⶼ̺ſֲɱ⣬Ҫⷽһ㡣
ңͬһʱ䣬һɺ˵ķ֮ӿƺҪƬص⡣
͵ģڵһʱǱɱķ顣
һʱ䣬֮ڣɫ
ǡ
ƣɱ󣿣
з֮⣬
ڣһ˶Ǳɫ
ʮҲǶݣʱȫܼƸУɱ֯˵ķ֮Ǹ΢
ԭбɫһаֱ֮ǣƾż;Ϊ̫Ϊ࣡
䣡
Ż䣬ɢа֮ǣ̼ﵽһΪ˵ĸ߶ȣңϢҲһԻֱӼ۷ܾɡ
ϢˣͰ׻˸ǲһȻǰ棬Ҳɵü
ȻҲܹоĵϢĿɲϵıȴ˿䡣
ҾǾãЩ㹻ˡ
ƽ
Ż䣬һת֯ʹӡʮʮǬԪɱһɢķ֮ɱ֮ǡ
Ƕݣط֮ıǣɢòѹȥƽռʮ֮ࡣͬʱŷ֮ıըɱ֮Ҳһǣʶе궼΢
ͬһʱ䣬ʮ˸ɫ䣬һɾ޴в
㣡
죬ʱ۷弶ɫˣøͬʱҲǱüѿ
쵭ĮһЦûж˵ʲôһʮǧһѹʮռ䣬ʮ˵ĸǵսʮǵǬԪɱڣƥɱ޲ĳʮͬʱ
ҧ۷弶ӿܱǧ˼࣬ˣǬԪɱɱӭϡ
תۣײһ
䣡
һ죬ƵϵĿռֱӱȫ顣
һɶԵЩǱ
Ȼڱʮǧ˸ʵ£ӭʮǬԪɱɱ֮⣬ȻΪ۷ǿߣȴҲԿˡ

ڣһʿԴʧɫ
ǵĳ۷弶ΪʱȴȻֱӸĺɡ
ȻǰһҲǶݣΪһĻ
ɱͽȻֲ
׻ۡ
䣡
ɱں֮ӿʮռΪ֮
鲻䣬һǴƬɱ⳯ѹȥ
ͺ𣬳һڴͨ⣬ǧǬԪɱ£ĴͨһʱǷ飬ٴαĺɡ
ͬһʱ䣬۷弶ˣʮǱѪ

ҽһ벽񼶵ǿ߱ɱ飬Ҳһ˲䱻ķ飬ɲǼ

ȡ

ҽٴת۶ѣ벽꣬סȿµɱ⡣


1730 նɱ
ѪˮڿУ㴥Ŀĸ벽𣬾ס˳ˡ
ô᣿
ڣһʿǲһ
ĸ벽ǿߣֻһ˲ؼ䡣
ȻҲݣɫ÷ѿ
ôЩڷɣ
쿴˵
࣡
ɫøѿһƬ
ϹŵЦûʲôֻǾվԭأһӳʮǧʮǬԪɱƥķ֮ɱ֮һӿƺҪؼһжѹ

ҽһ벽ǿ߱飬סֱ
ȻںڵǿߣʱҲĲɱͽ֮ڣһڴ𣬿һɱ⣬
ɱֱǡ
׻ɵ˿Һ
Ȼ棬ʱҲ˸
䣡
պ¡¡ƥɱâӿѹʮأɱⷶΧڵˣÿһɱⶼǿˣÿɱⶼ

ҽٴһ벽ǬԪɱݻɱķ飬Ҳһ飬ֱ
ͬһʱ䣬Լˣһת֯ǧǬԪɱǣɱһڼǿǰ
ǿߵĲٺˣʵ֯ɱâ̫ڿֲˣң֮Ҳܿ¡
ֻǣĶ̫ˣѹ£ɱŷ֮һ׹䣬̼ǽ֮û
ۣ
ѪˮĽ˵һʱըΨһǿ־ֿŭɿԶˡ
ֻǣһ̣ܼһƬɱͷ֮һ£˵֮ϡ

ҽص˵һʱ両ֳѺۣ͵ķ顣
ô᣿
һĻڵһʿٴξŶʱ䣬һǿߣôɱˣ
࣡
ɱ֮ڣŭһƬɱ⣬Ƶаɱѹȥ
޾壬ûжôӵĶֱһȭϡ
һȭȥǳ򵥣ʵȴǲȻһȭܼܵɱͷ֮嫺һӿֱӱǽ˼аɱ飬ȵؿ֮ϣһ֮ʮԶ
漴Ԧɱ֮ٴαϡ
ʵϣʱȫʮǧʮǬԪɱѹʱͰһֱ뿪Ĵ紫뿪Ƭ磬·ص֮ڡ
ǣûУһһʮǧʮǬԪɱжܣǣԷɱǶ죬ȻҲò飬ȻѾɱѹ˶ԷʮˣǾȫնˡ
䣡
ɱâƬռڽ֯ʮǧʮǬԪɱ໥һ𣬷֮ɱ֮棬ѹʮɱ֮ƺˡ

ҽд̶һ벽ֱ飬
ͬʱЯ޾֮ɱ֮ڱɳȥǰ޾֮ɱ֮Ӱһѹ¡
ۣ
ȻĴЩɲǿ۷Ҳȫûܿ£ֱӱɱ֮ͷ֮ѹķǡ

ڣʿ̲סг
ǵĳ۷弶Ϊʱ򣬾Ȼ
ȻˣҲֲɵľ
Ȼֲ
ۡ
۷弶ǿ߿Ǻǿģȴȫסطķ֮ɱ֮Ļϡ
ѽ
С̫ĽţӶСצӣٲȻΪȲʺ
ɱУ飬ˣٿʼ
ᡣ

ٶȷǳ죬һ˲˽ǰһʮ֮ɱ֮ɱͷ֮Ӷȭݻɱꡣ
ۣ
ո۵һٴα飬ѪˮĽͬҲⴴ

ŭٴγˣٴοʼؾ
ߣһֱͨʹòһɫףһ׺ܣһס
漴˲ƶ㣬ڱӰֱֳڶԷԣֱһɱ֮ͷ֮Ļȭ¡
ۣ
һΣը鿪
ԵøӾŭͬʱҲһƾ⣬⣬ɿ޸Ҽͨл֯ɵӰӰѹ䡣
̧֣н֯ɱͷֱһƽӰӰ顣
漴ͨһֳڶԷǰһѹ䡣

ɱϢͷ֮һ֮ϣһѺۡ
ƺߣٺˣŹ⣬رֶ޸Լꡣ
÷ˣһ˽㡣

ƽһת㣬ʮİ˳ɷɱ
漴ͨ˲ֳڶԷǰİ˳ɷ֮ɱ֮һŶԷѹ䣬ֱӽʮռȫ֡
飡
овŭչǿս
ֻǣվãųǿתۼǱѹķ顣
Ҳʱİ˳ɷ֮ɱ֮ϡ

һŭĺХ˵굱ը

һʱ䣬ڣʿɫ䣬̲ס
ǣ
ô᣿ôܣ
طһʿɫˡ
ǵĳ۷弶ǿߣڵǿߣ񡭡ˡ
ɱڣǿҲһʱˡ
۷壬ôˣ
ˣ
Ͱ׻Բɵõۡ
ѽ
С̫ĽСצӶһĻӡ
䣡
ɱ֮ڣ֮ɱ֮ϯʮռ䡣
Уƽ
ʵϣɱĹ̿ȥܿ죬ȴ򵥣ȫתһ£һʹʮǧʮǬԪɱһ𱬷ʮİ˳һǷǳĺ
һ̣Ŀɱڵһϣֱѹһˡ
ۣ
һڼǿǰһ£ɱͷ֮һ֯¡¡ĳŶԷѹ䡣
۵һڼǿըɿˣž֮ɫ
쿴ŶԷһȥɱ֮ͷ֮һһɱ󣬾ֱԷ긲£ѹ

ҽд󰲾ڵǿţֱɱ


1731 ػ
ǿߵѪˮƮڿУ㴥ĿʿɫòҰס
ˣ
Ƶۡ
ûȥãն۷һ
һ룬۷ĳôѸٵıĨɱʵҲ㲻ʲôɡ
ˮˮ
ƵͷҲԣ
䣡
ǰܶɱ
ʮǧʮǵǬԪɱһ𣬷֮ɱ֮һ֯ϵոֳһһɫУռһ
Уɱһ㣬ƽһһ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮƬըе󼸸벽ǿ߶ûüһǱǣķ֮ɱ֮һȫ
²ʲôΪƾԼɱ벽񶼲ѣɱͷϣɱȼ˱ȻȻǸӼ򵥣Ѷȡ
һʱ䣬ֻʣںڼʿ
վһһߵֵɱ֮һ߾䱸Ŀ죬жǴŨŨļɵ֮ɫ
ˣûκι˼ɣ˲絽һ˵Ľǰ
䣡
絽طһתʮڵķ֮ɱֱ֮ڣƺƵĳѹ䣬ͨɱҲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
̲סһͺ𣬽Ǽǿȫ⡣
¡¡ģǿӭӿķ֮ɱ֮˫໥ײط𶯳һƵĵ绡
ৣ
ƿͨ˲ƶһǿǰȭĺ
ǿ߼һ󣬿ƶ롣
ֻǣطչֵͨĿռڣתۼƶκλλãڼǿߵĳȫû壬һ̱ǳ
˱ɫ㡭
䣡
̧ѹ䣬ޱ߷֮ɱֱ֮˸ס
ͬʱһöķ֮ɱ֮һڶԷϡ

Ѫˮ䣬ҽд̶ڼǿֱӱķ飬ҲЯз֮ɱ֮ͻĥɻҡ
һʱ䣬ǧǬԪɱֵķΧڣʱʣĸǿߣڣڡ
ˣɫΪѿͼųɱ룬ȴǸûκá
һҲˡ
ƽ
ңʱһȫʩΪʮǧǬԪɱͬʱ߶ޣҵĹɱ
䣡
䣡
䣡
̶꣬һƬһƬռ䡣

ҽһǿ߱飬գۼͱɱĥ
ˡ
ƽ
д֮֮ɱ֮⣬޵У֮İڣ̽طʿĨɱ
ռž˲٣ⷽڣһʿɫҰס
ô
˷ŵŵɺˡ
ʮ벽ڡںһ۷壬ڵĺսô򵥵ıȫˣһȫ
Сӣ£
˹
漴ˣҲ̳Աߡ
һЦ߰ɡ
ɱƻʮռ䣬ڵʿɨۣкһ𣬳ıȥ
ʱڰ벽ϵȫڣûвǣУκι˼ɡ
һʿһˣɫҰףһ˳ıȥȴûκ˸Ҷ
ϾղſһĨɱ˰۷弶ڵʮǿߣʵЩֲЩۿɱͷ£ȴɶһɷԹη塣
ûдЩˣƵһ𣬺ܿıڣһ޴ԡ
ȥܼӡ֯һԵʮַɢŵâ
⴫ĿԴͨ򣿶ңͨĴ磿
׻
ԣֻҪꡣ

һǳóһ۾ܿķǷ
ˡ
ʱк˽봫ڣ봫֮ڣ󵱼ת⻪һֱӽһûʧԭء
ڰҰǱ֮ڣҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬Ǳһɴڰޣ²ʵʵϣҰ±ù
ȥɽһϰƣзǳŨ֯
򣡻ˣ
ˮˮǰһ


1732 ػʮټ
綼ضϢһԣʿĳһľ˺ǶܹӦĵʱһ˲֪ʱΪ򡣶Ȼͨ紫ԽطҲ
뿪ˡ

Ƭ磬ضǵˣʵڲһ¡
ȻһƬҲûгԿʵ˲ٱһβ;
ܣһɽʣƿһʼǷڣһط
ԴˣһȻ⣬ܣѭһк˳ķȥ
Ȼд磬˵ףУ˵ԶԶߵȻκһ綼һһ磬ͨ鶼࣬ΪƬ磬з˵ռ䡣
ʱͰһһƬڣһռȡ֮ǰʱЩʿѹͨõǸеͨȫų
ﲻ֮ǰĵطҲʺڣЩͨ˵ǿѡﰲȻҲѡȥĵط
Щ˷ŵǰȫˣƬڣûκʿͨˡ
ռڱų֮ͨ࣬Ϊ֮ǰļʿӲͬطռѹһǳдΰݣ϶Ǵż֮ɫǣǻš
֣Щ˼򵥵ĵ˼䣬к뿪
ллˣ
ͨȫдݡ
ЩͨУܷˣɾǴ˵еˡ
һ˺ܿ뿪ղǴطгȥʮ
ȥɡ
˵
ȥͷ뿪Ѿܾˡ
Ȼ֪ʱνġȥǻʮ
ƵҲ̵ͷ
½Ǻһİɣ
ˮˮʵ۾
ͷ
ǣҺһȥ
ˮˮæ³ݵĺܣټ¡
С
Ȼûʲô
£طǿΪ˺ŻһֱӿУת۱ʧԭء
Ұһ˲ĺڰһ̣һ˴пں嫵ǿС
ȥܣһſž޴ǳ׺ţ֯ͬɫʮ
ǿеǳƯ
ˮˮ˫۷Ź⡣
һֱУû½磬һν뿴ǳ
쵭Цٴζ֣ǿͨԽɫһ˿Уһ̳һɫʰ쵵Ĵǰ
ˡ
лһĨ΢⡣
ɫʰ쵵Ĵǹʣ޴ޱȣʱ׼ԲΣŷǳϤĲ
ˣ棿
µ˫۱úЩ
ԡ
ͷ
ֺۼϾµǽá
£кһˣֱӿʮǣһ˲ڹ֮ڵĵʮ򣬶뿪ʮ򣬳ڵھ
ھڣɽʣǲףһɽԣȴ̫ˣ˵߸û취ȡ
ȴȥСϣͥأ
ʰˡ
ؼҡ
򵥣뿪ѾԼļѾ֮ˣ»صʮȻҪһʱؼȥ
ȥʦƿڣȻ˵ͷӦûˡ
ʦΪǧնۣǵۻʼΪȥô꣬Ѿﵽɸ߶ȣԼһѾԽʦ
Һһ𣡡
ˮˮôѾ˵ˣѰҵĽϾǺѣ´ͬһطȥϾ飬ȻȻҲȥ
үҲһˣҲϤ
׻
С̫ȻҪһС̫ѽĽţҲҪ¡
û˵ʲôȴһΪһ
ã֮ͥ
԰˵
漴һ˷ֿ׼ңȥʦǧնۣǴ¡ˮˮС̫Ͱ׻ɽȥ
ɽڵھٶȺܿ죬ûñǴ¡ˮˮС̫Ͱ׻ɽΧ
ȥǰһɽʣŴһ㣬ŷǷϢ

׻Щݡ
ɽȣطЩɽһҲߴ˵ǷǳİСʱ￴ЩɽȴûɵһĲĸо
񡭡ܿ£
ˮˮҲۣطƣ£ȴǸоЩĲ
쵹Ǻƽ³סطǵʵƬҲὥȻȻɢϢı䣬úܿ£ңȿ£Ϊ͵˲̫ܸоΪԽǿˣԽᵽˡ
߰ɡ
кһˣķʽɽ֮ڣúɽġ
ɽģһΡɷƣ֯ɻԡ
ɽ壬翷塣
磬
һڶ֮һŮվڷ嶥컶ϲĻ֣Ȼǰ
վ翷Ͽȥÿطܻڵһʱ䱻֡
Ц£ºͰˮˮնת۱ǵ翷֮ۡ
С
ЦŵΪ밲ˮˮ׻໥½ܣС̫ʶȻûнܵıҪ
Ͱˮˮ׻òĴк漴ʦ֪ˣǰСԺ㣬ǹȥɡ
á
Ц
£Сһ𣬳翷Ķȥ
ú󣬿еƮǰһ򵥵ԺӣʱƵΧƣŲɣ⣬һСľһϮɫȹ衣
һ˳Ȼоõ̧ͷͷ
̫˵ȶ˼Ȼȥ
¡
Сֱ̫ӷ˹ȥ¼ͷǵĲ˲µա
⣬Сһϲˡ
ЦСһԴ
½㣬ңǵǰˮˮ
ˮˮڶ˹ȥǸˣǼ
¶ŰˮˮͷȻǻǵðˮˮӭ͡
ţ
ˮˮһ±øǸ˺ͼ
Աߣ׻£˫۵ԲˣûֱϾȻôŮӡһ̣৵ľ˹ȥɫĶµġ
飡
һɫӡ˹춯ֱ֣һƽ֮ķɳȥԶ
໣С㡭
׻İԶ
źɳȥİ׻̲סҡͷ̾Ϣ
ʱСԺСľԣЦ㡣
û˵ʲôֻ˵ͷ
һ̣ĿԱߵϣûв˫Уһ΢һû


1733 
ǣ
£ʵ
΢ݣ⻹һμѯһһμİˡ
漴һƾâһǿʲô򲻻㿪ڡ
£塣
˵
û˵ʲôֻһĨ΢

µ
ӿ϶ˣһǿʲô
˶٣ֿڣµ壬˵Сϵá
µͷûгԾҲû˵ʲôõĲˡ
ƯĽ㣬أ
ºܼйŨֿʵ
ʱ翷֮ϣо˼ΪͬѪϢ
չأպ

쿴翷֪Ǹطż׵ĵطºϾչʱС
Ǿٵհɡ
ЦŶµ
µͷţ
ʱܼȥϾ飬ȥδ׽㣬֪ϾڱչغȴǿаҪȥϾĳ嶯Եúܹɡ
һЦǰĲ豭һ
ʵܺţǲ豭̫Сˡ
Ϊ
쿴Ͳɵ𵱳ΪԼıԴĹϵǿоʱĳʱֵʱŲҪҪȲ裬һ룬ǳ̫Ȼˡ
ˮˮһߣ˫۷Ź⣬һ˲˲Ŀ£뽫Ƶġ
һĶ翷Ѿ֪ϾǸλϱչء
һ˾طһ翷תһȦ
ȻҪǴºͰˮˮһߡ
翷ܣľʣŷǷĹԣһ㽻֯ڣЩлûΪ翷Ϸ裬ȥһ㡣
ƯĻ
ˮˮ˫
Ҫ˵һطܶεˣ翷ϵҲǻʱʱн֯âʵ̫ڲ
һ翷ϣ򵥵߹翷һ䡣
ʱһΣתչȥ
䣡
һ죬翷һɾǿĲеϢƵ
쿴лһĨ΢⣺벽
֪Ͼˣﵽ˰벽
ҲʱƿһӰ֣Ͼ翷⽻֯ŵԡ
С£ͻˡ
źԶϾͳߺǿԱߵ죬΢ϲת۱ǰٶȺܿ졣
һ̣ûüкֿԱߵ£ɫ΢䡣
¿Ͼ֣˫۶ʱо˺ԼһģһѪϢǰδеļͿģ㣡Ͼ飬һ¾˹ȥɵôһƬƬĹԣתϾǰ˫Ͼ鱧ȥ
Ͼ鳯ƶܿҲʶ㣡
˿գȴɺܿģϾˣˣǵһμҡ͵££ĸ״⣬ϻա˵ţԽ֯һƯϾֵ㿴ûƭ㣬ºͽһ壬ǵѪһ
Ͼ鿴ĹɫЩÿҲ㣬ʲô壬ϴˣ
ûУȻǰûмˣǣܹо˵Ϣǽˣµ˵ֲϾĸ״ȡģ²ϴģ
ɺͬѡϾº󣬲ֻϾ顣
ǣôϢµıԴڹôоôϴ¿Ͼ飬ʲôˣ˵Ϊ⣬㱻ҵĿռˣѵΪǳʹýʧȥ˵ļ𣿡
Ҽõĺܣûʧȥ䣬Ҳ㣬壬ϴˣ
ϾɫԸӲÿˡ
¿Ͼ飬Ͼ߳һǡ
ûʲôǣҺ㲻ͬ壬ûһ˿һѪԵϵĹϵϾֱӻһ⣬ɽȥ£磬һʵ¡
ٶȷǳ죬תۼʧһ˵ҰС
һʱ䣬طķΧֱЩ֡
治ǽã
졣
ü֮ǰѾȷˣºϾһ׽ãţ˼˫ܸˣȴû뵽Ȼôһ档
ȴ˶ǽãΪϾķӦԺܹŹ֡
㡭¿Ͼ뿪ķЩЩίΪʲô£壬µѪһģһûϴġ


1734 ȥʵ
쿴һίӣ΢ЩΡ
£ô
¡
ϾıЩ쳣ʧȥļģ
ҡͷ˵ʱԼὲ
һҲܸоϾЩ쳣ʲôΪϾ鿴ȥġ
߻СԺӣ֣᣺£
ʮ꣬طСˣʱµϾ뿪ĵطһۣǳȥԺڵСľԱ̧ͷϾ뿪ķȥ
ˮˮͰ׻ʱķΧʵڲôá
쳯Ͼ뿪ķۣ΢̾˿µһͥ¾
Ա£ͷ
ҡҲˮˮĿڣµ𣿡
µͷȻܾ
ˮˮʱ÷ǳˡ
£ʱ»չġ
µֶ¡ˮˮԼһߵİ漴кС̫Ͱ׻뿪ط
£ټ
С̫ſͷϣ»ӶСצӡ
ԺգСһﻹ˵
翷ն𣬺ܿ뿪翷ķΧͥȥ
ͥ翷һڵھĶٶȣ򵥵նУҲûкķѶʱ֮ͥ⡣
ȥͥʮɽڣŨƣƺܲ
µͥȻһ㣡
׻
һЩǿ󴫳жԣǰͥǺܾˣǷǿУԿ϶Ǿ۷ˡ
ǡ

С̫Ͱ׻һǿ絽֮ͥ⣬ͥһͥɱɽǴ󾪣д
Լ£ùҡ
Щں
֮׻С̫ܿͥĴԺӡ
ⷽԺơ
磡
һӰɿһ¾͹ҵϣϦԽƯˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ꡢѩҹҲ˳
ͥµʮƿأͥڵһʱоϢ
ϦԴŮӣЦһˡ
˵뿪ʮʱ䲢ܾãΪ֮ǰ޿󣬱ǻعͥһΡ
Ц˹ȥΧ´¶ɫ˰
뿪ʱǽɾ񣬼ʱѣȻﵽ
Ϊٶȣò˵ֲܿ
Ǽͥû˿УҪô壬Ҫôʺǿ󣬵Ҳֻǲſﵽɳڲζѡ

Ц
Ļ˵϶Ҫǿ

Ǿǡ
ѩҹ͡
ʱѾǹȥ֮ãȻڼǺһʱ䲢ܶ࣬ȴѾܷǳ͵ദɬͲ˼
첻ɵһЦС˵Ķԡ
Ϊ׻Ů໥ܡ
ŮȻȲ£ȴǹɫ㣬˿ɱȣİ׻ɵõۡΪǰⷽһЩ£ʵĺܣżŮһһ񣬶Сޣƭô
ɫһڣ̲סһš
һ죬ͥڶһЩϦĸ첲һߣЩⷢĸָ¡
ˣڵھˣȻͿɰȴкͷѹ
ĥ
쵱ͷУҿССİΪṩһССİ
̲סۣ÷زҲû˭ˣĴ˸硣
ʱĺܿ죬һתۣ¹ȥ
ʱʼϦͼһ𣬴żŮȥ²Ⱥ߹塢𻯵š׼ҡڡĹȺͱ׵۹أݷһڳˣͳ˲ٴͬʱΪµػ
ԭҪѹԼ׸ؼСݣص׼ҺȴվûижϾһﳤڿأ治˼֡
ͬʱй漸ĹУ֪£ϾƹطڣЩһֱѶӢۺͺԵҲһֱûл
ϼһʦȥĶˣ뵽ӢۺͺԣһҲǣڲ֪ôˣͷŶأŶһ¡
ϾƹǿŶ㲻ݷӢۺͺӦû⡣
չʱѾżŮ²»صͥ
Ҳһ죬ͼŮ򵥵һЩ£漴뿪ͥɽȥ
ºϾ£⡣
ٶȺܿ죬ûʱɽڵĶ翷ϡ
ȴǲ翷ϡ
Сʵȥˡ
С


1735 ʧ
ǰϾ뿪翷ȥʵµʱȻɽϴûʹסˣϾ飬˰ʵһЩ¡
ԴˣȻûʵ¶£оͰʵλã󣬵ڶ㷢²ˣһ֪ȥʵ
ͷµ뿪ɽʵȥ
վڷ嶥ʵķ˫ûʲôȴʲô
ಣ
ٶȺܿ죬ƿ֮ת۱뿪ɽλúԶһ嫹䡣
ȥɽȺһ̻Ի͵ĵͬʱ֯ŷǳŨ
طʵŶ룬ʹʵһڴԾ
ɵ۴ˣ
һڴ
ʮнѾ֪һʵֳ֪֮ͥطЩͥĴҵԹмӡ
ûʲôӣһǰЩӣǲиСŮԼʮꡣ
ееģæͷǹԳʴ˵ãңңǿ󣡡
ЩֻǴվΣǰЩӣǵϢǽŵĲᣬϾ¿ɼΣվʿԣֱ
ģ
ʵ
ڡʴ˵СԺԳʴ˵ãûҡЩκͲ˼Ҳûס
ʵȴϾǾڰ벽⣬Ҳ̫ϳΪǿ󣬲ΪҲֻǴڰ벽ΣҲˡ
ͷСԺľλãʵ
ǴָλãܿСԺ⡣
ˣ¸ɣ
СԺ⣬СԺ￴ȥΧϾתϾе͸
˵ˣ㣬ȥ
Ͼ
ǣ
ºܾǿ
ʱûнСԺվСԺһľ£СԺڡ
ʱŵĺܿ죬תǰʱȥ
ʱϾûȥĵطһֱСԺȻȻҲطСŮϾתǶ˲ǵˮʼЦһһˣֺðΧϾ顣
ʱһֱСԺĹ£ûнСԺĿһУ֣ϾıĺܹŹ֣Ȼʱһֱûʲôɫʮ뿪ȥȴûǿӲֶ¡
н֯⣬ʱʱüȴɴԺ֮⣬ûнԺС
ΪҪϢʵȻûκܷ֣ǰ벽ϾҲС
ʱ䣬һǰ¹ȥ
ȥҺûϵ
һ죬Ͼ÷ǳ꣬һѽһĲˮĿ
²豭ڵϣһ죬飬ˮضǣͬʱҲвˮ˫ϡ
½סˣ˫ֱˮմʪЩһǰɽ󣬵ڶ¶Щίı顣
ϾȻȱ飬һ˲ֱӵͷȥСԺڵһ¥ڣĹϸš
쿴һĻüپԺ⣬ӹ£СԺڡ
¡

̧ͷˮڴתſ˵ʲôȴ˵
΢жݣʮСŮǳһǸСŮΧϾתֺãίᣬЩʧɵóĬ
˶٣ٴοڣµҽ¥￴
µᣬû˵ʲôЩĿǰĸ¥
̾ϢܸоϾϵѪϢһģһӦǽã»Ū㲻졣
ԭֶ£ǰƿ뵽С
¥ڵװκܼ򵥣ҲܹӣŲٹ飬Ͼڸ¥УЩݣһ˿ǿЦȴû˵ʲô
Сϣô£
쿴ʵ
û¡
ϾҡͷЩʲô㡣
쿴ʵʲôվûʡ
Ͼ鷢վڸ¥Ͼ顣
˵ϾҲ˵ʱʱһ۱ʱȥ
պ̾Ϣ»棬ƿ¥˳ȥ
СԺɣ֮ǰڵصĲ豭ƬѾˣڵصĲҶҲûˣٲȻǱˣͬʱĻ£ԺȻûǸŮӰ
üɢǿһ˲佫ʵУȴûзµټѾǲʵ
һ̣΢ݣ¥ǰŲּ


1736 ϾĹȥ
ǰּ٣΢ɨü
¥ڣϾ򿪸ʱ۽Ҳڿ¥⣬ʱҲ˸¥ǰּ̲ס˹Щ֡
ˣ»ȥˣļҪʼûʱˣȻ˲Ը£ʧǰˣºܸˣܿģġԺʱ䣬ȥĸ״˺ĸ״ȥǰһֱ߶Ž˵֡
ּ㣬ٲȻ¿µģȥѾʱ䡣
Ͼһ¾ͰˣԲһ£ޱȽâӿֱӳѷƿֱӳʧƬ硣
춯ݣΪԣǿ׽ϾϢ׷ȥҲ˺ѿһѷ죬Ͼ֮һʧʵ
ڰҰһ̱ùǿУϾǿ˺һɵƥһαǳ뵽С
ٶȺܿ죬ɵʧ֮ǰ룬ת۳Ͼߡ
ڰٴҰһ̣֣ϾһƬµ硣
Ȼ
Сϣô£µѪȷʵһӦþǽãΪʲôϣµ˵Ͼ˵ʱȻԼԭҲʣʱ̲סˣУᵽļʲôڽʲôҿĳ˵ĵǳ⣬֮ļ䲢ûʧȥ
ЩվСԺĬĬһУһµʱ䣬УϾıʵ̫쳣ˣκ˶ܳϾڿĻرʲô
⣿ⱻҿռɣǸԱ˽ģϾҧԳǸˣҸó׵ˣ˺ҿռ䣬У
һ˵ţһ߳ݼٳȥдڵĺ⡣
쵱ݣ˵ʲô
Ͼ㿪ڣѾǳԼ壬ҲȷʵµĽ㡣𾪵ǣϾ龹Ǳ˺ҿռУ
Ͼҧ֪ʲôʱʼÿһѪһϳԴѪƬںϣڸһһư⡣˵꣬ҳʱ򣬾˵Իǿ߳ضѪǿǸʱ򣬾˵Ϊĸ׷ǳˡ
ȻҵѪȴǷյĺʼղѣͨʱܾѪҵʱҲѣǸ˶ҵɫҲúܲÿʱΪϿң֪ѪѱǿᱻԴŬûûҹֱֹȥ꣬ڵѪûжûһ˿һҪѵס
ЩԳǸӦǺʧɣҲǾҶ˰ɣͨĺʱܾѪĺӣȴڰʱδѡŵ꣬ĴǼźȥɽһ죬һֱԡһʼһܸˣΪĬĬңԣڴɽڸŬŬļѪŬѪѡ
ȻҲû뵽ǣŬڳŵѪʱǸˣҸó׵ˣȻͻȻҶֱ֣ҵʶҴҿռ䡣˵ţеĺøŨ˫ֲɵ߬ţʧȥʶǰһ仰˵Ҫˡ
ʱʧɫɵһ
һˣԼɱ֣˵Ҫֻ
Ͼٴοڣԭʶ飬κ˶ǣþڱҿռ׹뵽ʮһżУ⻷ƣΪĹǰһλ޴֮ܵأʶ䵽ǡôλǰһڴҲ̫ն
ҪʶǸʱұʶǰһ̽ӴǴżڵ̫նҪмͨһʱ䣬ʶµԿٶһûȥֻÿĳһʧȥΪȫʧı׶ˡ
֮ҾһֱʮûٻȥڷһУԼ壬ʮսΪʵ֮
˵Щ꣬ҷһУΨûУΪĸ״ȡģʱѪѣֻĸ״һҳңԣ֣Ҷĸ״˵˼ҲǶĸ״˵Ρ
ͷ΢ȥֻʮһϾ飬ôпĹȥ
Ͼ֣Ȼǰ㣬Ϊĸȡһֱţ̫նÿĳһ춼ʧȥΪͼ䣬ȴҲεļǵԼϾ顣
˵Ƕĸ׵˼֪Ըػ壬ȴʱ޿̲Լĸס˵ҲǶĸ׵ΣΪ֪Լʧһ۰Լĸޱѹޱʹ࣬ûȴһֱȥΪöԲĸס
ͬʱǸһɷŭһɱ⡣һˣһףԼĹɱ֣ԭȴֻѪѶѣжô
νļ񣬾˵ĳԴȻԴзѪƬ
˶٣Ͼ
Ͼҧ˫ֽ߬һ𣺡ԣԣ
ûش죬ǽ͵ǣҲ϶Ļ
䣡
и˵Իֱ˺ռͨС
ſ룬һط
ޱߣĵطֺԶԣ;δпռͨǴﵽϣúһޱȹʵɽȺ⡣
ȥɽȺˣ֮㽻֯ƮڿУλôųƬ֯лϢȻ֮
Ͼһʱŵɣ֮⣬һ̽֯С
Ͼ鵱ɫ䣬̫ˣǵȼҪʼס
һʱ䣬ֱӳǰȥһ㣬ٶȿЩˡ
ʲôˣվס
ȻʿأϾìϣҴʡ

𶯣һ쫷ֱӽǰļʿɣͥķѣһγڣȥ
ϾԣٶȺϾ鱣һ¡
Ҵ壡ǵӲС
ವƿʮǿ֣߳Ǵڰ벽ɢϢǿ

Ͼɫһֳڣһɱϯǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫɫ䣬ǰĶʮ벽ɣڿѪ


1737 ǿ
ʮ벽ɣһڿѪҲûվ
ϾȫûпЩˣֱȥ
ϾԱߣһΪµģͬʱҲΪϾսݣһ־ʮͬİ벽սʵھˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ӿ֯ǿڶ࣬תۼǴȺǿ֣߳кȻ߸ڼǿߣܰ硣
Թδ˸㴳壬ʱ
һǴƬǰ
ƥѹͬʱϾС
ﬣ
罣Ͼǰ壬̫նƵնޣնֱû뿪ڵڡ
ۣ
ѪˮĽһǿ𾪵Уڵǿֱӱն顣
ҲֶݣȻǴڣϾҲϾ龹Ȼ԰벽Ϊһͽ֮ն飬ȹò˵Щ¡
ͬʱҲ̫նµʶǰʶ˵ǻԵģ̵˼㣬ǲǣһ޳ɣ֮㵱ǺţͬϾ㣬ǿ󵽼㡣
ˣ
ʱ֯ɻԣӸŨ̡
Ͼ鿴ɫԱøЩһԣ̫ն֮⻯һƬĺ󣬽طĲ񷶼סˣµɵһ볯һѹ޲𹥻ˡ
ˣ
Щ𺳣볷롣
һ벽ѣǸһ󾳽蹵ȴȻɢôµϢȻһԿĸо
̫նƥ֮ﾡ㡣
һˣûб̫նУȴǵĿѪ
ڻһڵʿʱһĻɵ𺧡
һ벽ѣȻһļǿ߱ƵǱѪ
һ벽Ȼⴴģ
ĮһɫӰһһӰ˲
һߣϢ۷弶ƾɡ
ųϣ
ʿ
˵ļǿɫ̫ÿ֮ǰնǿ¾۳Ҳɫÿȥ
ΪΪǿߣȷȷʵʵǱһ벽ˣûʲôǺܶˡ
ˣ
϶ԼɻԻĿ
Ͼ̫նⷭӿֱӳǸȥӽ
ųߣԹδ˸ǿ壬ûа벽ң˵ţֱ̧֣ʵĴӡգֱϾѹ¡
¡¡ģ۷弶ӿʮض˶ҡˡ

˿Ͼ
תۼ䣬Ĵӡѹ䵽Ͼͷ
Ҳʱ춯ˣ˦־һ⡣
ﬣ
̶նʮ۵һǽѹĴӡķ顣
۷弶Ѫˮ½䣬ֵųϵŵŵɵĺˡ
⡭
ܣһʿʧɫĿʱֱϡ
Ͼһ壬֮ǰֵһֱϾ飬Ǽ죬ֻΪϾǿ𺳣ʱʼһֱ󺧣Ȼֻ˦־ͻһ۷弶ľųϡ
ߡ
쿴Ͼ飬ֱӳȥ
һʱСԺĬĬĿϾ£Ͼʱ޿̲ڶ·ƢԼʵãǣǰһԼֺõΧԼãǶ˲ǵˮλ᲻Ͼ壬ﻹôõӰڣôܻڿµЩּ㽹ǵĳ嵽
Ķ̫ϳϵּȥﵷңųȻϾȥķ򣬺һһƵƥܣԻϰ˻֮ƳϾѹ䣺һ
һ۷弶ܣֱӽʮռȫˡ
ǵƣޱȺˡ
ĿĮ
һ³һųϼķ飬һɰƺƵϣ۵һ֮ķѡ
һĻطһʿǷ
һֶѣһ۷弶ľųϡ
Ǻεս
ûЩ˵ı飬Ͼ飬ٶȺܿ죬ֱȥ


1738 
Ͼ飬⽻֯ϢٶȺܿ죬תڿԶ
֮ûȥʱ䣬Ͼ
ȥǰһƬأǱѪˮȾһ㣬һ˵ĸоеѪζƮڿС
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ڻصƬصλôƮ
ԸоϾˣ
֪ĳԽ࣬ʹԽΣգϾĸʱɫͱԽż
ûж˵ʲôϾ飬ΪʩչǲƬɫصλöȥǴǸط
ʲôˣҴ뵽ʥ
ҼɱӰǰԽ֯벽񼶵Ϣ
Ȼ˶ǿߣνļʱطػʱϾ˴룬Ǳü䡣
ЩʲôȻ˴ûǣ
֮׷ѹǡ
ѹֱĨɱ
䡣
䣬һֱӶ֣ɱĴӡֱӳϾѹ䡣
¡¡ģƬնУ벽񼶵ǿˡ

Įֻô֣ѹһ쫷絴
һʱ䣬ѹ֮˵Ĺֱӱ飬ѹ˺ϣ벽ǿͬʱɣһǴڿѪ
ϾʱȻޱȽµİΣһĻ̲ס¶Щݣû뵽ż겻ѾǱǿˡ
ˣ
ߵʱƬɫĴʹϾ鵱һϵĶʵľݣת۱ʧ
û˵ʲôȻоĵϾĽȥܱѹɵļ벽ֱӲǲϾ鳯Ƭɫĳȥ
ǸѾͷɼΪȴЩʿѹȥвϵͨ񶼺ģΪЩˣлʱһʧӣֻΪЩ䶼ͦϲǹ
ϲǰ⣬ǹĺܲϲ
ΪҪǣϾã̸ֻΪһ㣬ֻΪϾΪĽͲ¡
ǲٶȷǳ죬һ۱ϾгȥԶûʱƬɫصλô
ȥǰһԲμ̨ʣϱ鲼ܼӣĴһŮʮ£ʱ˫۱ţƺʧȥ˿ƣڷɿţһƹӿ̨ⷽϷϵһ̳С
£
Ͼ鲻ɵýֱ֣Բμ̨ȥ
ˣ
Բμ̨⣬һȦͬһǿĽ磬ֱӽ֮˻
Ȼ̨ŷǳǿĽơ
ͬʱһԲϵ̳ʲô˸Ҵ
̳֮ϣʮӰһԲλ̾һоŸߣһꡣ
΢ݣ֮ǰȻ̳ȴע⵽̳ϾȻˡ
ʱĿ⿴ʮˣ΢ʮ˾Ǵ񾳣оŸ߾ڣǸǴھ硣
ʮ
ɵżϼصһЩʮϵĶУڶŲʮǿǲ١
֮˾ȻЩʲô
Ÿеһɫɭ
˸ԼڵˣҲɫԴɱ⡣
ֻǣʱ̳ϣĳַӡȻĳʽԷ£ʱûϾ鶯֡
䣡
ƵϾҲ˾Ÿߺ˵Ĵڣʱȴûпʮһֱۣӽ̫նʩչޣնǰĽƽ磬Ŀ⽹Ŀż̨Ĵ£µԴڷɿš
ʱ̫նתǵϢĺˣǿΰ
ֻǣ̨Ľ̫̣ϾȻ̫ն߶㣬ҲƻȽһһ
ϵ̳֮ϵʮȴǸɫĿϾϡ
ǡ
Ȼ΢Ǳӡˣȷʵܴ
ô£ôѪңͻԼеϢ񣡡
Ÿ߶ǲɵÿꡣ
ǰЩӣ͵ܳȥǸоϢѵһʲôϾ飬ֿֿ꣬Ͼ飺ѵǵⱻҿռɵϾСѾͷȻûѾѪѪĲȻȻô
ûˣǵǸѾͷȻ
Ͼȫ߶̫նƵɢ˱ԴϢʹȻûͬǰ㾫ѪûºϾǰܵ׽ùϵȴǸӦϾ߱ĴѪ
ּ֮ϾʱǶϾǱӡϣʹֱȷǵϾ顣
Ŀڷնż̨ĽƵϾ飬ĮӲɵΪ֮΢Ѿȥˣʱô󣬾Ȼ³ңԾޱȴѪϢκ˵ѪҪ
Ͼ飬㻹ţѪʲôʱѵģ
Ͼ飬꿪ڣĮ
Ͼû˵̫ն߶ĸǿˣնǰĽơ
ϾȻӦ굱ɫ΢ĵΪ㻰ء
ﬣ
̶ĽƵ춯֣һɫĽâֱĳնȥźڵıɱ⡣
ˣϻգϾӦΪסˣϾʶϾҿռˡ
ôһϾʹɱֵˣϾ黹ţȻϾڸϣ
ŭȼգ֪ԷǴڣ֪Լʵ˲Էɻһ
ͬһʱ䣬Ŷ֣߶һͻȭֱһȭǰ̨Ľƽȥ
ˣ
һȭ־޹Žڼ̨ĽƽϣʹȽһһѷ졣
һĻʹ̳ϵʮ˸Ǳɫ
̳ϣΪĺˣʱնĽâĿϣڵΪȻܺĽƣ䣬Ծеһߵ棬ȥնǾǿҲάּϾ飬ѹҲϼ̨ѪѾѣԲ񣡡
ȷһսΪ׳Ͼţǻһ˴ڣ֮ϲڣҪ֮ѹһϼ̨
һжΪع飬ΪĲʢ
ϻĮ


1739 ȭ
ȻȻϻյȻ²ɵñøӱ
¼䣬Ȼĸף
䣡
ɢŨһͻȭٴһʩչ
һΣȭͷȵڼ̨Ľƽϡ
һ촫һȭⷽƽֱӱһȭķ顣
漴Ͼ飬ֱӳǰļ̨ȥ
Ҳʱһϵ̳֮ϣѹ֯⣬̽ӡѹ䣬䵭ɱͬһʱ䣬һֳֻϾץȥȻѪѾѣǾΪĻع鹱װɡ
ĮʲôѹµӡӿϢ

Ͼ̨壬Ҳһֱע̳ϵʮˣʱѹֱӶ֣򵥵һȭŶԷȥ
һȭȥܼ򵥣ȴղ̨ȭֲ˺ܶ౶˲ʮգš
ӡֱӱ飬漴ȭƲһ˵֮ϡ
ۣ
ѪˮĽڵһʱը
ʱ̳ϵ˸ɫڵϻҲͫ΢
ǿΪֻڶѣǣΪϣȴһȭһ
ǺεȺ˵ǣȻʮе壬ҲԶûô°
û棬һ߽䱸̳ϵżľˣһϾż̨ȥ
䣡
Ƶʱ۳ǣдžɫɫѿԸٶȳѹȥ
С
Ŀɱ⣬ԼǿߣȻһһȭʵһڼĳ衣
һ̣һǰֱӼһھ˵
Ͼ飬ǰȥ˿һͼֱӴǿʥͼͬḥ̂֯ʥϺͺ嫣ֱѹԷ
һֱӼֻͼ
ΪԷһڵΪֻʺ֮޾ڵǿߣǣϾҪΪʩչǿȻҲ׾ܰõ
ͣ
һ죬ֻͼײһʱ䱻ķ顣
漴ֻͼƺƵѹ䣬ֱײϡ
ۣ
ѪˮһΣ˵ը飬Ψ屣־ŭ
Ѿͨȴɱķ顣
Ŀ飬Ͼһͬʱһ˦ϡ
һɣʮѺֱۣ鿪
⡭ôܣ
̳ż˸Ϊ֮ʧɫͨ棬ΪȻɱķ飬һʿķ飡
ȻڵϻҲһĿһ˲˲ϡ
û棬սȻɱԷҲܰõǵ㾡ȫҪķѲ̵ʱ䡣
ڣȻûǸʱ䣬ڣҪԽ´Ӽ̨ϾΪҪµϢڲϳϵ̳ӿȥ
Ȼʱϵþˣ±㽫ʧ
ಣ
ٶȿ켫Ͼ飬һ۱Բμ̨ıԵ
ˣ
һƽѪɫǳǿ
н֯⣬һת㣬һȭųѪɫƺȥֱѪɫ֮ϡ
˵һѪɫ統ݺ𶯺ŤҲĺݺһ
ȻطѪɫ磬֮ǰΧǵǿͺܶ౶
Ķ
ɭŭؾ۳ٴɱϢٷӿ
ƫͷˣӱ
ûɵһӭȱֻоԼĺǱһ˫ħָסһ㣬ƺһ̾ͱ
Ҳʱ̳֮ϣϻնˣһ۳ڼ̨ԵϾǰ棬ȥһּǣ
Į˵ȻʱĿϾϣâ֯С
溮ɨһۣڿն»ص̳֮ϣ̺İ˸һּȼҲҪŸǿһ֡
ĿϻϣеĺâøŨ
Сϣˡ
ɿϾ֣ǰһ
䣡
ɫһǿ𣬰ŽɫĴһӿ֣ʮʮϯһɹȵɵ硣


1740 
ϻմ۷壬Ըо˵ǿսȫʩΪֶҲ˵Ķ֣Ϊ̫ˡ
ȻˣҲ˶ȴ´˿ڼ̨ϣϢڲţϾĽҲҪ´¼̨
䣡
ƵʮռΪ֮ҡض𶯡
Ϣ̳ϵľŸ¶֮ɫ
⡭
ţֻڼΪѣȴ񾳵ǶоĲһɾ޴в
⵽ʲôˣΪϣôɢĳôϢ
ƤӶɵþ
Ͼʱվ󣬸оɢƣȻޱżµİΣȴ̲ס¶ݡ
󣬿ż̨Ϣŵ£ɫ¶ޱȽɫ
硭
죬Ļû˵
뽫´Ӽ̨ϴǣԶԶûôǿطֻ졣
Ȼ֪˵ʲô֪£»ȥڣʱȥǸֶɱֵϻգǣܸожൣ¡
һ

Ż䣬һϵϢøǿһɫ֯⣬ɫʹ׻һֱѹƬĿռ䡣
ܲǰ̨⣬ϻտ죺ɱȵϰɰǰʮһЩˣԸ⳼ΪЧԸϳӡҿɲɱ㣬ȥ
ӡΪĸӡһ֣ӡڳʿϣĸӡƿڱУ֮ϳӡˣΪǿҲ޷ƿгĸӡˣƿسĸӡˣɼ򵥶һͻɱгӡˣһھԵԼ
ǣʵԼҪԸſϳӡܱǿϡ
쿴ϻգĿܱ䣬ʲôҲûУһֱӶˣһλԷ
ˣ
ֱӻӶȭͬʱֻͼҲڵһʱƺƵĳϻѹȥ
ôڵǿߣһսܲ׾ȫ
ﬣ
̶֮صһսì֣ͨ鲼ӣɢǿơ
ǵϾƹʱĹűΪ˲սì˷ӡʹһκ󣬷ӡȻһֱȵﵽʱƿӡʱսì
սìһɼΪ˵Ϣӿ·ǻɱ޾飬ȻȻʹſֲɱܽᴩ
ϻ΢ΪʱĹƶݡһ̣ǱñޱȣĮĻ᲻ϧ޴
˵ţֱӶ֣һƳǰȥ
һȻǼ򵥵ǹɱǼдž˵ܲһʱѹסһУȫĵķ飬ֱеսì֮ϡ

һ촫ݺһĺԶеսìԭвѺ۵£ֶ˼Ѻۡ
вòڵ˵ǿȻֻǸһС̨ףսȴǴľˡ
Ϊܵһƣܲ
ϻĮ
ûʲôֻ䡣
һɢϢøǿٴγϻɱȥеսì߶콣ն콣⣬ֱӽеսìͶȥһϻա
ϻձĮڼܼһƽ콣â飬ҽսìķɣוּһ䵽ԶĵرϣϵѺ۱øࡣ
ٸһλᣬ
ϻյ
һֻΪŮ껹ûѪͶ֮ɱֵ
쿪ڡ
ϻյһɨһߵϾ飬ֿ죬ĿøĮ
ͬʱ̳ϣŸ涯ݣһּһ߿Ͼ飬ϻաѪ껹ѣʷֻϾһˣĻ˼Ͼϻɱ֣ⱻҿռɡ
գô£㵱ǳƣѾͷΪⱻҿռɵ𣿡
ü
˸Ҳϻգü
ϻɨϾ飬µɱ֡˵⻰ıû˿仯һƬĮŵʱ죬ڴһڵɳΪĻع鹱Ȼȴ껹Ѫ޷ΪĻع鹱ҾܾѪˣǼڴȥѡˣع֮ڣԣʱɱ֡ʱ⣬ֻΪ˲ܡ
⣬ȫΪ⣬Ͼµĸס
̳ϣŸüֲɵ̾Ϣ
꣬һֱѾͷѪȴʼղѣӰѡ׼ԴˣȷʵʹĻع֮ܵӰ졣ҲǶԵģ⵱֪࣬ӦûܲˣܣᷢԻص¡
Ϊع飬ΪĲʢ̫ˡ
˿ϻյ
쿴̳ϵľˣ̲סЦһֻѪþòѾͶ֮ɱֵǿȥͦģ
ƿС㶮ʲô˺Ŀ죬֪عжҪ㵢һ죬δҲʧعһգδǿʢ֪࣡еж󣿣ɱߣ
ȥùƨ壡£ǿоȻ˾пɱߵ壿Ŀ飺ǿֱӻ壡
ſСԲѷ
úϻʲôֱնɡϻտڣʼյĮɨϾ飺ɱٽϼ̨ȻѪѾѣҳϵĴǱеְ׼档
Į飬ȥֱ̧֣ûӡգϢǿ

ֱӼɵȻɵֻͼںΪǿɵֻͼƺƵĳϻӭϡ
ңͬһʱ䣬н֯ԣΥתرתԶսìʹ֮𣬻һż̨ĽȥųޱȴĿĹԣƺ˵㡣
ϻжݣ뵽ڹͬʱܸתǸսìɢǿƹ̨Ľ磬֣ץսì
ֻЩˣ췽ſںϻԼ˶ԻΪ˰лսìϣʹ֮һ˲ƿ̨ĽϣʱͻȻ㶯֣ϻ¡
ͣ
һ죬սìڼ̨Ľ֮ϣֱӽķ顣
ͬʱٴζˣǲʩչޣ̨ȥ
ϻûսìƿ̨Ľ磬ɫĮֱ̧֣ǿѹ죺ƿһΣͼƻ붼룡


1741 ս
ڼܽ֯ⷽռ䣬ܵÿһ䣬ѹ졣
첻ˣһչȾǲʹٶ˲䱩ǣǿбܿϻѹܣƿϻճż̨ȥ
ϻΪٶȶݣһ̣ǱĮһһǽ£ٴܴӡѹ졣
¡¡ģʮռΪڼӰ죬ǴĲ㣬һı顣
쵱֪ٶԱܿһҧʩչޣֱչâȭͬ˷ϻա
㲻Ƕ֣
ϻĮ
ಣ
ƿյϾʱˣû˽绤ŵļ̨ȥ
Ϊûע㣿ϻտڣĮ˦־һϾϣһϾĺɣڲɱ㣬׸棬ְ𡣡
ϾԶѪĿȴԶǷ̨ϣϻաµ
䣡
˫Ŀбĺŭӳң𶯳գžתޣˣѹϻա
ͬʱϾվٴγż̨ȥٶȱȸղűø졣
ϾͺúſţȤ
ϻ̧֣һ⳯Ͼ˦ȥ
ԼٳϾԣֻͼѹķѡ
㻹пչܱˣ
ϻյٴΪϾ鵲˲䣬Ƭɱâֱѹ
һΣ޿ɱܣֻüһĻԼ彫Ͼ黤
һ̣ɱâֱϣ˲ķĻʹؿըѪˮƬĽŻϾһɰԶס壬ѪˮؿʣԿҲһ˲Щ԰ס
磡
Ͼ΢커ûˣܴ󴴣ȴǷǳܡ
û£õġ
ҡͷ̫תɿ޸塣
ʱһ΢ǰ̨ϣƺΪ̨ΧĽ类ƻĹϵϢڲŵ˫һ϶Ǹо˺ϤϢѵƫͷ죬Ͼ顣
㡭
Ѿû˶ٹ⣬ôֺ󣬾һʱûſڡ
ϾѪż̨ϵоµϢڲţֱֶԸٶȳż̨ȥͬʱµ±£ǻģ㲻µģԲµģ
ϻߣ̧־һ⣬ϾϣϾɨĺɣѪˮڿС
̨ϣеĹʸˣһĻᶶ£㡭
ûʲôˣ񺰳һֺ󣬾Լ
̸ȣԸΪĻعҫ
ϻĮ
ǲϾס̫Ͼ޸壬ת۽ס
䣡
ǿϢӿԴԻ֯ɫĺɹ⣬ʥϣһ֮⽻֯⣬ϢȻ

ವһֱӳ˳ȥŭͺ⣬ڿɵϻѹ䡣



գһ
ǣ
ĸȻôŨ
ѵԺ쾧ɣ
һʱ䣬̳ϵľŸ󾪡
ͬһʱ䣬ڵϻҲǶݣȫû뵽쾹Ȼк쾧ıȱļֵǿǿ
ãõĺܣ㾹Ȼʥ
˫Ŀâǿܣѹ죬ͬʱûӡǿץɵȻҪǿڱ
ŭ֯׼ɵֻͼȭԻͬʱԿرǸսìҲ֯ɱâͬӰ㳯ϻѹ䡣
Ʋò˵ǳֲϻڵǿ߶ݺݻһ£̽ӡ飬һ¡һ̣ɢܱøǿֱԻһγѹ䡣
飡
챻ݲѪ
ȻĽâȴǱøǿɵ𶯳գֱҪ㲻ϻϻոǣԡ
Сϣڣȥߣ
Ѫȴ
Ͼͷٳ̨
ϻ̧֣Ͼ飬ȴ˲Ϣ䱻¡
ΪǣƵסң
ϻ䣬ĸǿϻζвѪ
û˵ʲôһɵڣΪһӿһƬĺ󣬺ƺƵĳϻֶ¡


1742 ͻ
֮ʥӿȵϢطʮռ䶼ɵΪ֮ҡŸâƿνЩˡ
ʲô
Ӻ쾧ӿѵǺ쾧̵ǵĻΰ
⡭
ŸΪ֮𺳣Ǳȴ֪֮ʱֻΪǺ쾧ȶͱռ̵ʱ
ϻձ֣ҲЩݣȴֻһ˲ѡһ̣ǱĮиǿӿʮһƬƬռ䱻ֱӸѹ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ӿ֯콫֮εǣԣǣϻ̫ǿˣΪһ󾳽磬ȻԷǿǣԣִֶȴֺҲ˲ԷĲϾѪˮ
ıȴʼûб仯ʼռдźɱ⣬һδκŵĿֲ
ҲʱϾڵ˼̨
£
ԼٶȽ´ӱ鲼Ƶļ̨ϴ¡
ˣ
ϻ⣬ӿһɣһż̨ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ϣ̳䷢ҵ⣬лţŨ㡣
ˣ
ϻսŲһֹ¶ϲ֮ɫʱı䷽һǳ̳Ͽȥ
̳ϣŸʱҲϲͼѾɣ̳Ѿױ֮ţѾͷԴȻôǿԶԶеǿԵ׼ˣ
һ濴ųϻգԵЩ˷ܣգ㵱ԣ̳ʱع֮գڣʩչʽعˣʱ彫
䣡
ϻտ̳ϣܴ𣬺ԾŸһ֣ͬʱ˴̳ɡ
Ŵ붯ݣգʲô
ϻվͻȻǶ֣ǽԾ
ҲΪһĻݡ
ô꣬ڳɹˣ
ϻ̳ϣ鼤̲סЦ֮ǰĮıˡ
һ̣¡¡ģ̳ϾֱһȦȦƣһǳ˵Ľ̳һס̳ڣһƵԴԴϵĳӿȥ
һʱ䣬ľһ˵ٶȿʼΪҲǷɿıǿ
գʲô
Ÿ澪ŭʱϻվȻ̳ԡ
볯ǰȥ̳Ľ磬ֲͬһ֯ⷽռ䡣
ֻǣ̳Ľ̫ǿˣޱȣһ𹥻ҲԺһһ
ϻվ̳ģĿЦ̳ڵԲӿڣʹ֮Ϊգ۾ʹﵽ۷ΣǱżϼصȻãͬľ޾ԴԣƣΪ
ŸٴʧɫƭǣԺԴڵѪƬ棬ǼٵģΪԼ
ʹع飬ϻոǣеʽѾʮꡣ
ϻЦѾȥ֪꣬ôܻܻЩȻ£ɼƻ
˾ŭƭˣΪԼôţԼĹⶼһУ㣬㡭
ôЩĺΪҹǵҡڹ⣬ߣ޵һ;Լǿʲô֮ˣڣ⣬ǵѪҸģΪӦϻ̳УԴԴϵӿڣһ˲ͻƵ񾳣Ѿﵽ߶ȣѾϵдڵǿߣҵΪȻﵽҲпܣʱȻѧԺҲûɵƾңδһԳǵԸһʵ֣
ЦԴ̳ڣʹľΪ
㣡
ŸӾŭһķ
Ҳǲ뵽һоȻϻղµľ֣踴ΪռŵԴԼĹⶼУһжΪԼΪںЩԴǿΪ
£
ϾĽӼ̨ϴæĿӲϵ̳ƿһż̨ȥת۱ϾԱߡ
£ѣѣ
ϾҡµӣɫԵ÷ǳдһ˿¡
˫һ϶ɫ԰촽ڶƺ˵ʲôȴһ̣һ϶۾պȥϵϢתۼʧһɶ
Ͼ鵱һ££Ѱ
ܾˣԶԶ£ȴߣȥǸʮһСŮҡµ壬ǻҡ
վԱߣͷһȾѪȻоµϢȫʧˡ
ԴѾɿݣҡˣѾʬ塣̳ϣϻյĮߣɨطϾ飺Ҽȡ̳ڵԣȡıԴ˵ţŲԶľŸ棺ǵıԴҲһҪˣҲӣûãҿʼȡЩʱΧѾмǿĽ翪֮ƿǶΪҵ֣нĴڣû֪﷢ʲôδҽΪ򣡡
㣡
ŸӾŭ̽ȻƬռмΪǿĽˣǵ޷ƿ

ŭ㡣
Ҳʱ̨֮ϣһǿʢԻϾӿԴԴϵĳڶȥµģµ£㲻µģѣѹ
ϾڷԱߵļ̨ϣԴĳӿȥԽС
̫ˣķŭеľŸ治ɵĿ󺧡
ȻȻ
Դ̫ǿ̫ˣ֮ǰȻѾԼоϾԴϢǳȴû뵽ôţµǵԴǿٱ
Ҫ֪ϢǺΪûаϵֻǺͱԴԭʼǿйأôǿԭʼԴǵʷϣΨȡ
仰˵һֻҪɳȥܴﵽͬȸ߶ȵˣڿԳԽһ۰
Ȼ̳ʱѾ޾Դﵽ߶ȵϻҲ𺳣Ҳû뵽þԾѪϾ飬ڵԴȻôǿǿĺˡ
漴һ̣ǲɵ¶ϲ˷ܣúúã̫ˣ̳ڵЩԣԴҪˣ̳϶Ͼ飬Ŀ⣬̲סЦ⣬㵱Ϊ˸Ů


1743 Ͼ
ǿʢԺƵ̫ǿˣط𺳣Ȼǲ̫Դ죬Ҳɵöݣܹоŵĺ嫱Դޱһ㡣
£ѣѣҲ㷢ƢˣҪѹ
ϾɫˣԴԴԴϵӿĳӿȥ
ȻȴǲûʲôãµԴɿˣ֮Աȼ
ҪҪ
ϾдžźͿ־壬ǿʢԴţһڵű˰㣬ɢԴ˲ǿʢӿڡ
Ȼû˿ãµϢ£ʼñ

ǿʢԴĿ񱩣ϨϾޣˮ¡
ڵѪ壬ô󣬵һͬѪóǰΪ˲裬ΪˮСŮСΧתЦݣһһˣֺֻΪԼãֻΪǰδıĽһ棬ܲȻڵѪȻ壬ȴҲ˰õӰӡ
ΨһãôǰһҲϢȫʧ忪ʼñôˣûûʱЦһ¡

᲻ͣ£տʪգץµ·Ӳͣķ
վһԣ᲻µϾ飬红Ӱ޵ģɵúݺһԴһը졣
ǸСʱʼսˡ羫ŮӡΣʱΪһŭնɱۻʵŮӡǿȵĴĲӳơԺ㱣ҡŮӣ񣬾ǰᣬһᡣ
ǵ֮ǰ˵һ£ڣˣûܶĳŵûܱá
һʱ䣬ԴֻϾĴ޵ӣֻϾ޵ضƺת
µķŭ˲ͷ嫺һ㷭
䣡
һɼ˿ֲϢͻأӿ嶼ʼζԼ䣬к˵ڴħ
ͷ­ںŭȼգͷøŨͷڷ裬У޾ӽӿ֣ͬɫԲ°ĺۼͫϣԸص߳Բһ𣬽֯嫺а
⣬ǡ

ȿֲϢӿʱۣŸǲһ̲סŵŵźˡ
Ȼ̳Ѿﵽ񾳽ϻһ𣬱ʱͻأɢϢ۸סˡ
ȻĴеϾ飬ʱҲǸӦͻأɢĿֲϢ󿴵쳣ģֻۣſǻڣ硭
䣡
ͷڷ裬ŭͻɢϢøֲħ˰㣬̧ͷס̳ڼȡ̳Եϻա
ɱɱɱ
ʧȥʶ·˰㣬ͬһ˲仯һͷҰޣһ˲ԭʧһֲ̳ϵ̳⣬ֱһȭ̳Ľϡ

һ죬̳ǿ磬˲顣
Ұް̳ڣ˲Ϣϻǰڶȭ¡
ϻæȭԴﵽ񼶵ܺ
ȭգײһ
ۣ
ѪˮĽϻպȭͷ飬˱ֱӺ̳⡣
ʲôôͻȻ
ԶŸ뷢ȫסˡ֮ǰڵϻգ첻ⴴȫǶ֣ڣϻռȡ޾Դﵽ񾳣̳˼ĽƣȴǱһȭǿĽ磬һȭѾﵽ񾳵ϻջ˺ɡ
ѵ֮ǰʵ
񣡾ڣΪɻǴ磬ʵ
ɣǡô
Ÿ𺧡
ϣϻձ˺ɳ̳ķΧǴ󾪣ͬʱҲŭǸʲôⷭӿֱ˲Ȭֱָӿ粽̳ء
Ҫɱ̳ϵ죬󣬼ȡ̳ڵ׳
ͷڷ趯ĸ⣬̧ͷϻճй⻪˸ͫԲȦ״һľֺɫԲ¾ֱתѪˮ˳ʶ¡
ˣ
ؿʼҡϻϣնʼ֯һɫиֶûκοֲϢֻܸоޱߵĺ嫣ɵء
Ÿʱ·ؼ˼Ķǣǣ


1744 ˺
ɫн֯գһЩ͸Ÿ񾳵ɵһ
ǡˣ
ǡϢɣɡ
ֻۣȻȻˣôܣô£
ֱ
ؼ䣬ʵڵģ˲춼˺õҲܼ񵽳䡣
Ȼȶȴ翣Ҳţǰһ͸иԽ֯˲ʹŸ񼶵ľ𺧡
ȻϾҲΪһĻɵ÷ˣۣ˵
ɱ
ХҰһ㣬Ѫˮ˳£кʣѹϻϡ
ϻյһΪȻҲܸо֮㤣ٺơ
Ȼе̫ˣܷ·һ㣬һС
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ֻ˲ѣİֱӱиѹķ顣

־ŭһһڱӡ
ӡϱ鲼ӣһʱɢΪ˵ϢΪһ۷弶
ڱӡԻַĵӡӿ֯İ뿪еķΧ
ѪڴϢؾ۳ŭĿ죺㡭㡭
һˣȻ˴˵еˣǵΪ翵ʵʣĲղţһͱǷˡ
վ̳ϣͷڷ趯ɱ⣬۵ͫϣҲоֺɫԲ¸֣ͬеľֺɫԲ°㣬ǱصԲȦһ
һʱ䣬ɢϢӿֲط񷶼Ϊ֮
ӭʱ˫ۺϢϻ̲סݺһŵŵŵĺˣֻоǱһֻεĴס˺һ㡣
㣬㡭
ûɵһɾ㤡
վ̳ϣڷ裬һ˲ʧԭأһ̳ϻǰ
ͬҰް˫붯ɨȭӰ
飡
飡
飡
Ѫˮɽʱȭٶ̫ˣϻûܷӦֱӱͬɳһ䣬񼶵ת۱á

ϻվŭڳһֻ֣֯񼶵һȭȥ
̧֣һץסϻյֻȭͷݺһֱӽ첲˺۵һķ顣
Ѫˮϣʱʧȥңжǰ֮ȴ޾ɱ⣬ͬҰް㷢ԭʼ̵Ĺ˺ϻյһֱۺһץͷ­˺壬֮ץһһķ飬Ѫˮɽ
⣬⡭
ԶŸ濴һĻ
Ƕ񼶵ǿߣսʱǷǳ£ûʲôˣʱ򣬼Ұްķʽ˺ϻյǽǲɵøо̲סĲ
ϻշĲҽУѪˮзɿؾ۳ŭ۷弶ıӡֱӳѹ䣺ȥ
۷弶ǿƥѹ£һʱʮա
̧֣˫УɫԲһתѪ˫Ŀֹס
䣡
һ͸ĳĿ⽻֯ʣԼлˮֱѹǿ۷֮ϡ
͵һ۷弶顣
ϻ̲סһ۷񼶵Ϊ߶ȴȻô׾ͱˡ
㡭㵽Ǹʲô

죬Ȼؼ翵֮ս
ŭХڷ裬Ѫ˫Ŀϻտȥ
ˣ
նһ˳۶֮ǰҲ֪ǿ˶٣Ӻ˵Ϣֱѹ
ϻվȫͨѹµ˳ӭȥȻȴһ˲ͱѹķ顣
漴˳ѹ䣬ݿ࣬۵һ֮һѪΨ岻𣬼Ѷӿȥ۳
˫ѪսԱȾһ֣ϻգͬħһ㣬һϻտȥÿһ£նΪ֮һһ֮лϡ
ϻվӭ֮⣬̲סŵŵźˣкϽ˿־֮ɫ𡭡
ǵ̫֮ǿˣֱ޿ɿ⣬ʱһв
Ǹûϻյɱ壬֮ճƬ顣
ϻһҧֱӻһ⣬Ƭȥٶȿ켫


1745 
ϻտ־ˣʵʱɢϢ̫ǿֲ̫ˣӿ֮ϣǵֱΪĲ࣬ΪʩչʱǶҰһ಻ԡ
ಣ
ʱٶȿľˣһƿʹøֱӱķ顣
ͻȻ죬һԵĿ־壬̳ڻʣ¼ԴԶ˲ˣҲٹ˵϶ȡںֻžԱס
Ϣˣ˫к»ƣħ𣬶ϻն߳ȥķֱٶȱϻҲ֪˶ٱ˲ƶһ㣬ת۱ϻǰ
ϻվ㡭
ˣ
ȭʮĿɱ׹ȭȭƼʱɢŵ֮ţֱһȭϻյŻ
ͺץϻյ˫붯ϻշʬϣѪˮһǣͷĺڷȾˣȥĿģ·Ǵ߳
ϻ겻ٴؾ۳ɫȴѾüΪ԰ףȻѾ˴󴴡
Ŀϻϣһȥ˫УʮֺԵ졢غˡ
ϻ̲סˣҪٴζߣȴܵѾεֱ֮ӸˣƵĿ
оϵɱ壬̲סˣеĿ־øŨָ·̨ϵϾ֪ģҡףףѪԵϵѶԲԣǺܺõѶԲԣԣ㲻ɱңɱң
ʱȫŭɱȫһħ˵ģǸκֻĿɱ⡣
ϻգ˫ĿѪˮʶ£طռ̼Ϊ֮һ˳Ӹ֣ƺƵѹϻա
ˣ
ն˳ûпµĻϢֻк嫼УĴѹ䣬ͬʱʮռȫס
ϻմӶݣǣʱΪ֮ʮ·һ㣬ȫԶ
һ̣嫵˳ѹﲻֱӱǷӣûȥ
ϻշҽУһε˳ӱȸղŸֲˣʱͬһ걾ԴҲٵˡ
ס֣Ҫɱңͣ
ֵĲҽлصһ̱üž˳ѹϻӣꡢͱԴǻ𣬳ʧؼ䡣
ԶŸ뷢޾ԴԴﵽ񾳵ϻգôѹʽıĨɱˣ죬Ȼ֮
ô£⣬⡭
˿죬һƬ

Х𶯳գΪ֮ҡϵϢøֲˣȾѪͬɱħһ㶢סŸϣ壬ž˱ȥ
ӭŸһ״̬죬ܵסͨܣΪԿóڸûжʶ
£̨ϣϾ鿴ʱ״̬Ȼóħˣǵģ᲻ͣ䣬ſǻŲϴ󺰣磡
񷣬壬Ÿȥɱ󣬽Ųɵֹס˳ķȥϾϡ
ȾѪպͷ˿ѪˮȾ죬˫ӳϾʵģһɱ˫У֮⸡֣Сϡ
ô֣е֮øŨ
ȣ
ѪҰһ±ģЩѵĿż̨ϵϾ飬ֿϾԱߵ¡
ûж£΢ƫͷһط̳˫ĿУͫһ𣬰Ѫˮʶ£ʹ̳ը飬ڻʣµ޾ԴԱ׵ֱ֮ϡ
һץס˲ϾԣŰԴԵ֮һڡ
ЩԣôŵıԴңΪҪǣлдԭԼıԴ֮⣬ʱµԴŸոɿݲõʱ˿̵˫ܹĵȴ¼ԴĺԴ⣬мϣµȼµԴ
ˣ
޾Դ֮İӿڣܼĹâ֣漴ʮȹԽɢȥ
󣬵ֹȥƬ̣µϽк֣ȻɻδȴǿʼϢ֡


1746 ˭۸
ſʼϢŸ涼ľڼѾȥˣʱȻ»˹
Щŵٲֱϻɣ󲿷ֳȫ
˿ż̨ϵ£ŵ
̨ϣϾ龪ϲȴǻ˸˵ᣬ»ˣ
ȾѪʱϢָ÷վǱס˺Ͼĳŵסµ
ȣ
̲סһοѪ˫Ŀеĺһʧɢǵ֮Ҳ֮٣ҰԽģһأ˹ȥ
磡
Ͼ־ּڸоϢȻ΢ȴǳȶ󣬲Ƿ
ллˡ
ʵĲᡣ
һ죬죬»Ҳ
Ϊħ־ܰ
԰£ȥ
৵ģƿյŸϾǰ
Ѿͷȥģ
ʱͦº͡

ϾЩûһøУеֻк⡣
ɫ΢Ҳûжŭֿڣ֪ΪΪƷ׼͵н٣ǵĳҲΪ尡ֻǱϻǸƭˡ˵ʷ߱ǿԴˣԴۣܱ涼ҪǿµԴҲΪˣǽ屦ڰɣϷģضǵһҪ󣡡
˵⻰Ͼ飬ļΪ֮ǰϾΪ˾ŵԴ̫ǿʢˣ𺧡
Ͼ飬ֻҪɳȥ;ܿ۾Ԥʾ彫δԶһۣʱϰ˻ġ
ͬʱȻȲϾ飬Ϊȡ˴̳ڵԣ˵øܲܿ۾˵ãҪʾ磬Ǿܹ
磬δøӶʢǿϣڡ
Աߣ˸ҲͷеĿϾ顣
Ҳ壬ҲύǣԺǽò壡
Ͼ麮
Ÿɫúܽܲÿ
Ͼ飬ڣڣѪҺ˵ͲǣҪ治Ҫ𣿣

治壿ϾŭЦһֱֻǵ׼ԶļƷǵߣȦŴʳļݼʲôȺҾʹ治ΣҾΣκ
ŸɫһӱøѿһʱҲ
Σö£ˣĹΪ

붼룬ҲΪһκҲΪٳ
ϾȻԸ⡣
ԸģЩĿϾŵϣΪħǹϵΪܣһЩ֮Ϊ˲ܿĥΪ˲¶Թģ
Ͼ鵱һŭң
ΪĲʢϷûʲôҵģϾµԴ̫ǿˣϾ鱾ǿ̳ۼƵĴԴԣˣ壬ԵһһѹúöԴϾѾͷǸˣѹȻƺ£
ͷ³Ͼȥ
Ͼ龪ŭ£ơΪֻǰ벽οܵס񼶵ǿߡ
ǣ
ϺˣĻ¡
Ͼ飬ĮѾͷǣǶΪ壡
ϼԣһϾȥʱ򲢲֮ǰ֮֯죬ΪȫѾˡ
תۼѣϾɿ⡣
ҲʱĽŲֹס񼶵ûɵķһޱߵĿ־ļ䣬ˡ
ǰϾߣһŮϢĳ֣Ǵӻ߳ϢضΪĳֶȻʧɫ
ϾһϲɵֵᣬЩʵĵ¡
ղţΪס죬סˣڣǰŮӳ֣׷Ϊ֪û˵סǰˡ
ޡ
¿ۻѪʹȥ죬£ΪϾᡣ
κοµϢҲûУоȴûɵһɿ־塣
ʱҲǸоµĲһ㣬ɵЩë󣬵Ͼǲɵÿڣʲôˣιʲ֮£
ΪϾᣬûĻ˭۸
һ˿ƮƬռȾһһ̾ԻҳƮɢʧ
ǻȥ
ᣬϾ˲ϢϾ顢һʧԭء


1747 Ӱ
´Ͼ顢뿪壬һ̱ǳʮ翷塣
ϾѾ²ʱ£֪ûʲô£ȴɻһĵǣѹ
ġ
°ο
Ͼͷ°õ翷һСľУһߡ
֮ʱһιȥա
պһ죬Ƥ˹
£
ϾһֱԱߣѹϲʤ
ƤϾ飬ΪЩã㡭
ûˣûˣ
ϾЦ
ƤӲ£۵һ¾ͿˣһӱסϾ飬˶㣡
Ͼ˸㡱֣ǳˡ
ޣ֮ǰǽ㲻ãö㷢ƢԺ󲻻ˡϾ鰲οԺͽһ
ţȻԸϾһ˶٣ֵǣף
֪ϻѾնˡ
ùҲùԺǣǡ
Ͼ
ϻգѾֻʣº⣬壬Ҳֻ
ȹʱ䣬ȥĸ״˵λ뵽ǵļҡ
µ
˵ţƿĿ⣬Աߵϡ
ϵѪˮѾĨȥɹȥô죬Ѿ˹ȴɴڻУû˿Ҫѵļ
˳ϾĿ⿴ȥȻҲǿԱŵ죺ֳˡ죬ֿϾ飺ֳΪ𣿡
ϡǵһЩ£̨ʱϾڳż̨壬ٲȻ뽫¼̨
ڣǾ翷طȻȻܲµϾǿн¼̨ס
ûµġϾĿϣǿ󣬷ǳǿκµģ
ڰο£ڰοԼ
ţ
µͷϾһ𣬾һԡ
ʱ䣬һ۱¹ȥ
ɴڻУ
Ѿѣȴǿڣһĺڰ
໣
𣡡
޾ĺڰУΪǰУħʮ
ԺǰУҲ֪˶ãĺڰʧˣܻһƬԭ
ԭŲȭͷĻʯȺڲԭϱܣʱʱ
һ̣֪䣬Ⱥ֮䣬ȺΧУ·ֲݳԡ
ɻ󣬲⣬һ΢̧ͷԶ
ģվһȻģȴܸоһһŮվԶЦоޱȵС
˭
ˣȴܸоޱȵϤƺޱȵҪ˿ȥ
ֻǣ˼ľȴʼղ̣ԽԽֱ֪˶ãǰӰʧٴα޾ĺڰ֣֮׸С
һ̣׻ع壬ʵе˫ۣһ
磡
ϲ𣬴һ㣬һӰֱ˵ϣϾ顣
ȥôãѹˣܸˡ
쿴űϾ飺Сϡ
ºЩ
ţϾӦʱ̲ס᣺ллллˣ
ǰΪħΨһõǣǸʱ죬ȾѪ鲼壬˫ĿѪȾ˴ۡ
ûµġ
ЦȻܸоϾʲô
ֳˣˣ
ԱһҲһֱԱߣʱȻҲǺܸˡ
¡
쿴ŵ£ЦŵȣΪǵԼǰȻµ
ºʱЩܿͻָ˹Ͼһ档
ָ磬Ͼ顢²Ÿ߳䣬Ǿͼ˰ʦòˣȥȲ衣
ȻѾط翷壬ʱŰĻɵԶݣ׼ʱһͿʼ裬ʱ򽫲ã
ߴΡϾΪûˣָֻӣЦĶʵûʲôΣգȴڼߴΣøо˸ˣҫ
캹գͷҽҫ
ʵ˵Ǻͬһ³Ϧദٶ꣬ߴ¶ԣ㲻ʲô


1748 Ĺ
翷ϵСԺ졢Ͼ顢¡ΧСľһһΪ衣
лл
Ц
ҡͷû˵ʲô
һΧط£Щ飬ΧȴܺãʱʱЦ
Ų豭Щ뵽֮ǰͬΰ㿴Ӱ
֪ӰΪλԼУ˵òȴûɵΪӰ⡣
ô˸ˣ
ԱϾ
ͬʱ¡ˮˮºͰҲ
عЦҡͷûʲôûʲô
Ͼ΢Щɣȴûм׷ʡ
ƮڿУһ۱ʱȥ
ʱѾ֮¡Ͼ˸𣬶뿪翷壬ΪѾ˻ϾҲȻûʲôɵĵˡ
ʱûͥŶ·ӢۺͺԵټ
һǰһֱûټһֱûлЩ⡣
ڰˮˮǼ翷壬¾סĵط
ಣ
뿪翷ķΧһ˵ƿ˲ȥԶԼһ£ٶȿɱ֮ǰʱҪ˺ܶ౶
£ɨӼ΢жݡ
ʱΪȻѾﵽڡ
֮ǰ˫۵Ĺϵ

Ǵħʧȥҵ£ǵһЩǶ˫ۼǵúΪָʱ˫۲ûʧ˫۵Ȼ¡
һ˿ɻת̫ľ»˫ȴǸ첻ôŬ޷ʹ˫¡
߻ħķӦ漴ҡͷԣ
˫ԴźԲǼ򵥵߻ħķӦ
վϣ˼ãԹԵҡͷȥ˼⡣
Ϊôȥ룬Ҳ벻ͨ
£ͥȥûñǻصͥڡ
Ⱥͼǵ漴ȥҵŶ
ŶѾأ󣬵ͷʩչ֮еȻȻ֯ϡ
һʮȥŶͣԴһؾУ˳컯С˵ţüӢۡ
Ӣôˣ
ʵŶģһʱһɲõĸо
ŶΧкҺǿƣڸҵݣǲԼĳǿĽ磬ңϢǳλҲһֱûб䣬ƺüŵƺǱĳط
쵱ɫӢ۾Ȼˣ
ݵ𣿣
׷ʡ
ԡ
ŶͷԽֹ֯ȥʮ󣬽Ӣ֪졣
쵱ǶݣŶ㵽꣬ȻǵѧԺ֮ڣ
Ӣۣ˵ѧԺ֮У
֪Ŷ̸Ϲȥ
Ŷ뿪طҵ˵£׼뿪ȥ
ʲôӢ۱ˣĸ˵ɵģ
Ѿһǰص֪ͥº󣬵ŭ
ͷӢ۵칲ͥõսֵܣ񣬷Ӣ۾Ȼ˸ˣ
ɱȥ
ĥ
ǵͷðҲصͥڣͼϦŮֱӺС̫׻桢뿪ͥһûǿУ˺ѿͨͨתۿ
ɽһһǳȻ˺ռŻûñѧԺ⣬ֱӿԺڣŵԺĶϽһԺȥ
ǸֺˣôЩӲôоǿˣ
ͷСޣֱǡ
ˣ
ѧԺصʿ٣һſΪżʱ죬ȴǲɵЩɵ
һΪ֮ǰɱɰϵʵھ˲ò˼ɣǣߵС̫ʵ̫ˣ۷ǿ߶ĨɱµĺܣôͷСԣʹЩʿǼɵ졣
˵ôȺˣҪʲôȥ
֪ȥ򣬺ǵԺ³ϵľڣ˵λϲΪǿҺҩһ⼸ʱһֱǱչоҩһ;ܲϲ˿Ҫȥݷλϣ
һ⣬ȥݷ˵ģ
˿һˣСۡ
Щ˵ȴû⣬ơԼˣܿԺڶλõԺǰ
Ŷ㵽ķӢ۱ľλãǵѧԺڵԺڡ
ʲôˣ뿪ﲻĵط
ĮԺһˣڲΣһ˿ֱӼ


1749 ҵķӢ
뿪
˵Ӳǳǿơ
ûʲôĻֱӳǰȥ
ϾôߣֱӴ
ֱֳ̧ץȥ֪һͷǿСޣҲ֪챾ʵǿƥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģҵɹⷭӿѹʮգֱ䵽ͷҽԱߵİһһС

䣬ֻôһ֣һɰڵ۵һĴķ顣
굱󺧣ŵŵźˣ㡭
ţǰ˽ƾһ֣ƾƣǽ̽ķ顣
˶˵ʲôֱһɰƴڵһĺɣͬʱԺͥķ顣
⡭

֮ǰһ˴źѧԺĳԺԺӶú棬˸ǼһĻһ̲סۡ
ǰһʱ䣬ѧԺʱֻɼΪǿ߸Ϊһڵǿߣȴֻһ־ͽԷشȽֱ̫ˣЩԺһ̲סĲ
ͬһʱ䣬ЩԺӸĲǣ촳󣬾ȻֱӵĻϾֱ̫ͥˣΪԺȫڵѧԺֱӻɱ찡ңԺ߲ܣΪȴԺϵϡ
̫̫˰ɣΪʲô
һڵԺ־ɣȫ벻ͨΪҪ¡
ûЩԺӵľȣֱԺͰһ𣬰Ŷľ꣬Ժıȥ
Ժܴ󣬵ͥи⣬ԺȴʲôҲûУһ˺ɾԺıλá
еϢЩƺѹ֣һɵ֯С
нƣңǿ
ü
Ȼоĵǿɨܣʱʹÿиֳһһصƣɢŵ
񼶵ĵơ
ü
ţѧԺ࣬Ķ񼶲ΣȻ
׻
û˵ʲôһת˫ַֽ֯ӡһֱӽľֱķ顣
ûж˵ʲôкһ𣬼ǰȥŶľꡣ

Ժһǣһܱյĸ¥ڣ֯һгһСʢʺѪˮһҩ¯ڵȥ
漴Ҳʱ˱һһĨɫ⣬ֱһαʧڸ¥ڣһɱ⽻֯طĿС

ԺǣƿƣŰһ˺ܿǸǰһŷ䣬ŲٹľĿһ۾һ䷿ϣŶľ
кһˣܿ⣬һ֮ǰǿĽƸ
ţڼΪһܿƿƣһ߿ţͰֱӳС
ڲü򵥣Ѫζ˱ǣ˳ѪζķȥһЩݵӱᴩ֫ߣڷǽϣѪˮȾȫᴩĵطһЩѪѾãɢһӶζ
˵һȻǳݣòûб䣬ǺһͥǸӣ巶Ӣۡ
Ӣۣ
һͿ˹ȥ
ƺͰҲһ˹ȥǽϵķӢԱߡ
ץŹᴩӢ֫ߵֱӽЩ飬һʱת̫Ӣơ
Ŵ˿ģķӢۣ̲סҧǺɱ⡣
Ĺ˺ѣΪ壬ǰǿĺܣȴݵļΣĥ
յģ
ŭ֯
ҲĿĺ⡣
ͬһѱԴǶܷŭ
̫ΪӢˣڼΪ߶ޣʹ÷Ӣ۵Ʒɿת
ҲʱӢԺۣ˶ٺЩ޹˫Уһ΢⻬졭ֿƵˣǡ
˵ĺأ֪ĥ˶ãĺܣȫɳƵģ³ֺ󣬾˵Ѫˮӿ
˵Ӣۣ˺𡣡
쿪ڵ
˵ţ˵Դӿ֣̫תĸ죬˵֮⽫Ӣ֡
ˣûǸᡣһ𣬷⣬һ߳죬ɨƵˣȫ


1750 㤵ĵԺ
ΪԺˣΪ³ʷϣ֮ǰƿλõĵһʱӦ֪˴룬뿪ڵҩλöʱϵ
ʮռѾ⣬һУ˭޷һҲܻ
ĵ
طһܣҲǱķӢۣǰżȻӢַۣӢֱӳѹطԷӢ۵ѪоҩԲ˷¡
쿴ˣĿ䣬վƺͰ˵ǰӢˣ
̫ΪӢ˵ĹУ·Ӣ۵ʶ֪µУӢѾˡ
䣬³ʷÿվͻӷӢϳȡѪȥҩĥ˷Ӣʱ䡣
һ³ʷϱȥ
³ʷϱ˫֣ȻһЦңƾ㣬ȻҲ˵Ļ
ΪǴڣȴѾҪﵽˣмΪȴȻҪʵúܺЦ
û˵ʲôֻĿ䣬ŶԷȥٶͻȻ죬һ˲ڶԷǰ
³ʷϵһٶ壬ĺһ㡭
ˣ
ֱӻȭȭֻһȭգ䷿ǰһʱǷ顣
ʹ³ʷǶݣæҲȭͷȭͷײһ
һ̣ȭײһֱķĿռ䡣
³ʷϵŵŵŵĺˣײһȭͷ΢΢ķŲ
ٶȺܿ죬ǾҲôˣѹָҿڳԳҪɱϷ򡣡죬ѧԺĳĿ΢漴ǻһĨ⣺ã㾪ˣϷһݼ
˵ţй⻪һһö֯Ѫɫ⻪ĵУһ̶£ǵһһɾ˵н֯
ѪĶ죬ϷЩȡõĳɹ˲ʹ֮ǿϣǵһʵˡ
˵ţֱ̧֣һƳȥ
һʱ䣬ǿ֮Ƭռ䣬֮ȸղǿ
յģ
Ƶ˷ŭˣȻǹ˵Ѫ
Ŀø䣬һȭͷյøڼ֮ȫ߶һȭǰ
һȭ񷶼Ϊ֮һʮռһ绡һ֯ȭ˴
ۣ
ѪˮĽ³ʷϻӳĴֶʱǷ顣
㡭
³ʷϺˣɫһ䡣
ԼѪǿΪǴ񾳣ɾˣȴɻǲ죬һȭ͸ֱۡ
Ϊˣǿ˵ţ죬ɭ˲٣ҲһΪϷϣ
䣡
ܷӿֱų񼶵ܣѹʮһӿʼ
ӱһʱ佫ֻͼ
䣡
ֻͼһƵʥĿɲϢһʱѹһС
תײһ𣬶͵촫³ʷϼܵһʱ䱻ѹķ顣
ֻͼƲֱ³ʷϡ
ۣ
ѪˮĽƮڿУ³ʷֱӱĺɣ㵱ը
㡭
סΣ¿죬ҪﵽڵĵԺ̲סݺһɫ䡣
ѾͨˣĶԾȴǱһ͸ˡ
㡭ôܡ
š
ǽһ󾳽Ϊ£쾹Ȼ
ƵҲݣȻ֪ǿ󣬵ʱҪﵽڵ³ʷ϶ѹƣ̲סԾ
úúãСӣٶȿ
ĥ
ȻֻͣͼٴμֱӳŶԷѹ£ʮա
³ʷļ£ҧͺ𣬽ѹֻͼӭȥ
Ŀ䣬Ȼɵɵһתֻͼںһ𣬻ǿɵֻͼ
ɵֻͼһ̼ѹ³ʷϵ۵һ֮ķ飬Ψ屣ûбɵֻͼһ飬ȻĿ죬·ǿһͷɡ
Ŀ飬ٴ۳ɵֻͼƺƵĳŶԷѹȥ
³ʷϷɿؾ۳ǿֶӭϣȴǱĺɣת۱ã궼˶ⴴ
űɱ⣬ٴαǰȥ
ӭɱ⣬ӭⴴ³ʷ̲סһвɵ¶㤣ֱתԺȥٶȿ켫


1751 벽
ʱ³ʷо˿־壬ıֳսŵˣ˵ɰǰʮеļնɱ񣬵Ǽˣ֪ɶǰ벽񼶵ΪȴǴھво㤣ҲҺԿ
ಣ
ٶȷǳ죬ֻһ˲ȥԶ
ɫ䣬ֱ׷ɱȥɱˡ
ʱնɱڵʿΪﵽڣҪڵˣȻҲնɱ
৵һһԶ̧־һȭ
ˣ
һֱ̮
Ĺѱĥ֮ãĲϣŭɶ
³ʷϺˣܿһȭȴûܽȭȫܿһȭϣֱӽĿѪɡ
ʹ񼶵ǿ߸Ӿ㤣ԸٶȳԺߡ
ֻͼٴγ𣬽֯ʥֺƥϢƺƵĳѹȥ޾ա
飡
³ʷϱѪɣãȴ˿ҲͣԺȥ
ɱ׷
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ܷӿһӶݷһ׷ɱתۼǿԺڡ
Ժ⣬ԺӲ࣬Ҳ٣֮ǰΪźⴴĳϾΧʱ򿴵һĻ˸󺧡
⣬⣬⡭
һڵԺӶ¡
ѧԺһϣȻڱΪԺӵ׷ɱ£ԵѧԺʼȫǵһ
ЩٴΪʵ𺳣Ժ࣬³ʷвǿȴҲôҪˣȴǱ׷ɱһսжô£
⡭ԱȵϰɰǰʮǼˣ
Щ𺳡
ȫûЩ˵𾪺ۣ׷³ʷ󣬲ǲһ˲³ʷϵľ룬һȭ䡣
˵һձѣ³ʷٴκɣֱӱķ顣
ŭɿؾ۳һ߳ԶӶݣһ߼ԶӶݣͬʱɫѿĺܡΪõԺϣ񾳵ΪȴȻһ׷ɱұԺһڵһԿţֱ
ಣ
ҧٶȸ죬Զȥ
ֻǣٶȸ죬ת۱׷һȭ
һȭȵڶԷ󱳣˵ķ顣

˾ŭ겻𣬷ɿؾ۳ٴζߡ
ûʲôֱ׷ɱȥ
лɱǿߵʵϾҪɱԷȻܺɡ
ˣ
üķŹ⣬ݻһڰֱĳŶԷնȥ
³ʷȻܸоĲһ㣬ԼٱܿԶݡ
ʱ׷ǰ̧һȭ¡
ۣ
һΣ³ʷϺɣѪ
ֻǣվɱ³ʷת޸ٴζӡ
ȻŹԷһ·׷ɱ
ģڵԺڣһӣһ׷ɱԽԽĵԺӿһ𺳡
⡭
һԺӣȻڵԺ׷ɱԺϣ
Ǹ죬ǰʱ䣬۷˶Ϊ񣬾ȻѾ׷ɱǿˣ
һԺӺȻ
ȫûȥ⣬ֻ׷³ʷϹɱ
³ʷȻһӣͣ¡
³ϣǣ
ǰһԺϳ֣³ʷϹϵһĻЩԾ
ϣԺ㽲Ȱң
³ʷϼǰϣŵ
ϵͷ³ʷʵ൱һ죬ѹ£ĮĵΪԺӣҶԵԺ϶ֱ֣ǵ

䣬һɰƣ˻ͬʱһĺɣ³ʷɱȥ
³ʷϾ㤣ӷɿӶݣͬʱͨ׷
ֻǣȴûκãֻͼһǧƣת۱ѹǰ
ˣ
ӳһȭ֮֮۵һ³ʷϺķ顣
ɲٴζߡ
ûκλޱɱ⣬׷ɱȥ
ס֣
һǰһߣϵ³ʷǿ˺ܶࡣ
ųϣ
طܣٵԺӽԶݡ
ųϡ
³ʷϼǰ˳֣Ҳ˿
Ժа೤ϣǰʮǿǴڰ벽񾳡
ܹо˵ǿ󣬽Ųͣһ˲ٴαȥĿ³ʷϣ˿ҲԼɱ⡣
⡭
԰벽񼶵ľųϵĺֹȻ޶ԣ
ܣһڵԺļ¡


1752 Ժն
Ȼڰ벽񾳵ĵԺųϳֺ󣬻ɱ³ʷϣһڵԺӶǲɵļ£⵨δ̫һЩ

ųϵɫһΪԺһӣȻȻ׷ɱԺĳϣվ˳ȴɲɱ⣬ʵЩ󵨺ſ
³ʷʱվ˾ųָųϣ̫ˣԲܷŹ
ųϵͷ¶֣ץȥ嫵İ벽֯һʱϰ˻ġ
ԺӾȻԵԺϳ֣ⷸ˴
쵱΢о˾˵֮ϾԷΪ̫ˡ
ֻǣȻˣɲˡ
䣡
֯ʱֱӳͨԲɵķΧȫС
һʱ䣬ɫӿ¡¡졣
⡭ȻֱӶ֣治ˣ
Ǹ³֮䵽׷ʲôȻȻӵԺ벽ľųվҪ³϶֣
⣬԰벽񻹸ˣⲻԼôɱ˴˿վھų³ϣûԽųϰ
ܣһڵԺӲɵҡͷʱȻƵûߣȴҲЩԣֲ̫嵱ǰˡ
ųϵɫø̽Ĵֱøӿ£ˡ
һԺӾȻȫԺųϵ⻹ͷһ⣡
٣
ų³ʷЦˣԲܵס벽񾳵ľųϡ
¡¡ɫһԲѹ䣬ų̽Ĵ־ֱѹͷ
벽֮Ļ꣬ʮռΪ֮ҡ
ȻӡҪͷϵһ˲䣬৵һֱԭʧˡ
һ̣³ʷϱɫΪӰ󣬾Ƿ·˲ƶ㣬ֱӱܿ˰벽񾳵ľųϡ
ľ𺧣㡭

ص³ôһֱ֣һȭ˻£ĺΰȫӳһȭ

ѪˮŲҽн³ʷһȭķ飬Ҳһ顣
һʱ䣬طеԺӾһ
һ˲Խųϣɱ³ϣôģ
ЩԺȫûпղôƶģͻȻͳ˾ų³ʷԱߣɡ
ͬʱЩҲǿ͵󣬾ȻڵΪɱ񼶵³ʷϣȻŰ벽񾳵ľųϵɱһԺϡ
ڵѧԺʷϣǵһ
ųϵɫޱһڵʿȻ벽ĺֹ¶֣ɱһԺϣұһڵԺӿУҲŶˡ

죬ĿüΪ䣬ֱӻûһĿĹ⽣Ӱ벽ն졣
쵱ݣ֮ǰǽͨе˲䴩Գ³ʷɱڣųϵһԱ֮ǰһƿ˺ܶ౶ͨкƶˣܵȫ׽ʹת˳
תۼ䣬ɱ⽣նǰ
ס֡
ʱһƽ𣬲϶һ׷ߣʹöֵľųͣ
ϣ
ߣųжݣǷ
׷ߣȻϵöԷǶԷĵѧԺҵȹҲ񣺡ǰ
ͬʱ΢жݣΪǰ벽񾳵ľųϵ̬׷ڵѧԺݣòƺܸߡ
ô£
׷ʵ
ųϵָ죬ϣӵ죬żǿ󣬾ȻɱҵԺһϣϷ֮
׷΢˶٣죬ܼ򵥣ԭ򡣡ģЩ˽⣬첻Ե޹ʵɱˡ
ˣԷаԶԷ𾴣ǰ³ʷϽһλѹڵԺѵľѪѾ꣬Żᶯɱ
⻰һطһڵѧԺӶһǸ³ʷϣȻ£
˵˵ҵѧԺĳôȶ££Ϊܱܿ
ųϺ
ĻΪ˱ܿɡͬʱҲĵﲻ£ΪѧԺͨǰʮʮڹ£ἫӰԺʱЩͨϵŸǰʮϣܵԺ߲Ĵ
˭˵Ǻ˵ʱһƵ˴һ˵ķӢ۳ֵһѹ˵ֵ꣺Ǹ³ţʶС˵ĵǼ٣


1753 Ǭɵ
ŵ³ʷԺǸ֮ǰ콫֮ɣ·Ӣȥ׷ɱ³ʷϺסƺÿŷӢ۳Ƶˣֿ첻һУֱӱǶһ˳֣·ӢۣͬʱѹƵв졣
ȻȻǺܱ磬һУȻȥ׷ɱ³ʷˣС̫ȴڣֱӾͽ֮ѹˣƺһٺᡣ
ǰѰʶ֤Է顣
쿴ŵ꣬԰׷ߵ
ʱһ˦˶ȥһǰĵϡ
𣬸ϣңҡ
Ϊ³ʷϵţڵѧԺ꣬Ȼϵð׷ߣԷжǿ
׷û˵ʲôˣֱһûʶ˳
˲ĸϣҡ
ۣ
仰ﻹ˵ֱ꣬ըһѪˮʣ£
һĻʹطһڵԺӶǲɵöݣȻǱ׷ɱ˵֮ǰĻ١
ԺĳϣȻġ
ٵԺӵۡ
ѧԺܱߴĵһУһֱԹɴǰ񣬵ԺһϾȻԱ˵ľѪʵЩ
ͬʱЩҲΪ׷ߵǿһڵǿߣʧһɶȴ׷նɱĶԷû
ԺųϵɫúܲÿȻ֪Բ٣ϣ⡭
ԺͨŸڹǣȴ¡
£Ժ˵ǵѧԺԴĵһ۵㣬ңС
Լȥ췣׷ߵн£ԣϷ򿴿ѣ
ͷһ׷ô˵ȻҪﷶӢ˵뷨
ǰ롣
˵
Ӣ۱ĥ꣬˵̫̫Ϊ߶̫Ҳڶʱ÷Ӣ۳׻ָǿ֣߳ƻܿͳκ÷Ӣ۵ˡ
׷Ϊ࣬ƵǰķӢֱ̧ۣ֣ƬԽӢ֣мӾ˵̣ʹ÷Ӣ۵һٶȻָɫܿú
쵱һϲȻ׷ߺǿʱת۾Ӣ۵ƺɡ
ˣ
׷УӿӢۣ漴΢һû
Ա߿˰׷ߵвɵһԷ˷ӢΪ塣
⻷طֱʮ󣬷Ӣ۵ľ񳹵׻ָɫܺΨû̱ͬǰࡣ
лǰллǰ
Ӣ۵һڵл
Ҳڣлǰ
ԷӢ۵ˣ̫Ҳٵðʱܳ޸񣬰׷֣߳ת۾ͳκãܸм
׷ҡͷԺ֮ϷôӦûɳǵл⡣˵ţиһöݸӢۣǬɵڶʱΪ۷ﵽɲΣϷԺ
񣬷Ӣ۵Ϊ۷壬Ǭɵ̺Ϊ˵ʹ÷Ӣڰ֮ھʹ۷ﵽɾ硣
⡭
ܣһڵԺӶǲɵöݡ
⵹ۺǬɵȫᣬϾԺ˼ϣȱЩԺӶûκμֵ
Ǿȵǣ׷һԺ߲㣬ȻһͨʿǸͳľʵ˲á
ҲΪһͷһ׷ߣɵøӾء
ӢۿŰ׷ߵݹǬ֣ҲҪǰˣǰôصĶ
һŵӣһ۾ܿʵĺܡ
׷һЦֱеı֮뷶Ӣڣ֮ǵóʱ
һ㶣ƵҲһ㶣û뵽׷ֱӣһ˱֮뷶Ӣڣֱǿ񰡡
⣬⡭лǰлǰ
ӢлҲȫûϵ׷߻ôڲնˣ˵׷ѾǡǿСڴΪǱѾȫˡ
׷һЦĿһеϣ΢Ҳѣ
ǡͷʵǸǰܲλҲԺ
ơ˵ѧԺĵǵѧԺӣȻҲϣͷӢҲΪѧԺĵӣԺһС
׷ߵͷȻȫʸ񡣡
ΪȻóͷӢ۵Ĳ򵥣һּöֱƮͷӢǰ˷롣


1754 ҹ
ͷӢȻҲ֪ѧԺ԰׷߸룬ȻܾǷӢۣձǿ˴񣬾㲻֪ѧԺʲôҲӦ£˱㶼ǵͷ
á׷Цŵͷ˶ֿڣһˣǰԺһ޴ĻĹżЩӻ֯ȫԺǰڴǵʱı֡
䣬һ˵˵ͷϢʧԭأ·δֹ㡣
ʲôЩݣѵͷ֮ǰᵽ·
бһۣû˵ڲǰֵһĹż·һϵҲûС
ӦвٱУ
׻˫۷Ź⣬·Ѿ˳Ƭı
ûж˵ʲôɨܵһЩԺӣк뿪
Ѱ˷Ӣۣ겻Ȼúúþһۡ
ͬʱҪǣ׷߽Ǭɵҩǿд˷Ӣڣʱ򣬷ӢҪʱѰطҩ
£һ뿪طԺѡľλöȥ
úһ˱ǻصӢ۵һʱչأڵǬɵҩ
漴һ۰ʱȥ
䣡
һ죬һɾ˵ѹľɢӢڵǬɵֱ֮ӽڡ
ֱС̨ף
׻Щ죬öǬɵǾˡ
λǰã͸ҵı̫ˣֵһơӢӺףǸǲӦõȥл
´۷ﵽڣⲻò˵ö̵ķǳˡ
û£ǵȱλǰԣʲôҲ㲻ϡңλǰסʲôطҲȫ֪
ǣл겻ɺȾƣ

һ죬ľ֣Ӣû£ΪǺ£һһֱĵڶ峿
ˣСӺСӶѧԺڶ˽⣬תһתȻ׼ȥǰ׷ͷ˵ʲô

ǵһ񣬶ӢȻڵѧԺѾ꣬ȴһֱǱţ˵֪ѧԺͷɶԵѧԺڵĸֲַȴһҲ˽⡣
ȷʵӦá
ͷ
ϾҪڵѧԺܾãȻͷӢ˽µѧԺ
£һ뿪ͷӢѧԺ䡣
⣬ǣǸ졭
ˣǿˣ
ֺǿˣ
ѧԺſܲ٣󣬴󲿷ֶɵһ£ļɵΪǰЩӣڵѧԺնɱһԺϵ£ѾѧԺν˲֪˲
նɱ񣬰ɰǰʮȴһ⣬ˣƶһսˣ
ˣֱǣɡ£
˵
쿴õЩ˵ļɵҲüһЩʿۣȴ˿䣬ͷӢۣŵѧԺλȥ
һ̣ͣ½Ųǰ
ǰһѪƼΪ˵а֮Եп
ҹҹ䣡
ܣһڵѧԺȻҲǿˣ˵ǲɵһΪҹͷЩˣΪɰھŵ𣬸һεĽѪǳǿᡣ
Ǹҹ䣿ݣȻһ㣬ǿ󣡡
ʱо˵Ŀ£һƶŵĵ㡣
Ȼǰȳȵˣʱҹ䣬Ҳǲɵ¶һƾâϸо˾޴ɽѹ
лһĨâһμҹ䣬һ۱ܿԷĿ£ʵȻûоʤԷİա
ҹӱ䣬ֱֱϣÿһ¶ʹÿռ𣬾ֱеǰľ벻ס
죬䣬ϵϢø䣬ռ䶼Ϊ֮𶯡
첻ΪƽϵϢҲǱǿԷѹײһ
ʱطտıѣ֮䣬һ˵ĵ绡֡
طرΪ֮·ĩսҪ˰㡣
ܣһڵԺ̲סļ£ĵŵŵŵĺˡ
ֻƵײѣȻȻôǿ⡭
ʿ
Ȼǿ۷壬ȻǿˣҹײҲɵúˣҲΨС̫˿ҲϢӰ졣
¡¡ģɢƺҹƳײңøǿ
Ǽ䷢ʲô⡭ѵҪڵԺڴ
˶һ¡


1755 һȭ
ҹ߼İƶܽһж飬ȻȻһĵ绡֯·ܹѹܵС
ơҪڵԺڴ
⡭ѧԺĹؿϸĺܣϽκεԺڵԺ໥ɱһ£ǰɰһҲشԣӦòɣ
ٵԺСۡ
¡¡ģҹϢԵϢԽԽǿϵĿռһ顣
ܼĵ绡֯ϣøˡ
ơ൱
Ǹ죬ѾܺҹȰɰǰʮսˣ
֮ǰնɱ񼶵³ʷϣԺһڵӱѾܺͰɰǰʮ˵һһսʱҹƶ·̲ס𺳡
ҲʱҹԵƶһǳ˵ĳ̶ȣƵһԺӺ˳ȥǧɶԶΪڣܲ˿ƵĶ
ʲô
ʱһͳԶһӰΪһߣǳΪѧԺһϣ۷塣
ҹȻóΪԺϣɢʼɢȥ
ñȥ
ҹĵ˾䣬Ա߹Զȥ˿Ҳζɱ⡣
вϣ֣նһĳһǿߣЩ֪Ѿıɱ
ʱ޷֣ΪǵѧԺûκεԺӸڵѧԺڶԺӶ֣ǰɰһҲС
οʱѾһ۷ĵѧԺվ˳
仰һֲĻ㡣
챳ҹ
Էñȥ޷Ǿ֮⼴ǣȥˣԷͻɱ
ôȻҲһֻҪԷ߳ѧԺֻҪˣǾֱɱ֣顣
Ȼˣβھͳȥս˵Ժţɾû˹ܵǡ
ʱһ
Զһ꣬ǹһȡ
ȻЦȴǸһɭĸо
ɰʮ棡
طһڵԺӶһ
棬Ҫ¡
֮ǰĵԺϳȻϵˣϾԷǰɰǰʮûм˻᲻ʶ
ԩˣֻǡʱһǳʵעˡ湴ǣһ˷ǳЦҹ䣺λעѾˣȥͿǿ˿ɲҪֻϳܡ
ܣһڵĵԺӲɵȻɿҹ߳ѧԺȥԾ
ЩȴǲɵһЩâ֯ҹ䴦ڰɰھţ촦ѾɱǿߣսԺпͷ
ҹֹסŲɨ棬죬Įĵң
Ҳɨ棬ˣǾʹڵѧԺڡ
䣬ֱӣҹһֱۣŵѧԺȥ
⡭ĳѧԺȥˣҪڵѧԺҹս
һĻٵԺӶǲɵöݡ
ɿҹԺһսҹҲңһϻҲûУֱӳѧԺȥʵЩǿƣȫһҲ޾ҹ䣬Ҫսս
ҲʱѧԺţе˵ѧԺ֮⣬ڵԺֹסŲͷѧԺڵҹ䣬ƽĮ
ǣ
湴ЦžžĹơ
ҹ鲻䣬ɱ䣬ǶˣŵѧԺȥתгѧԺͥ
䣡
ȭƵֱӶ֣ҹѧԺһ˲ȭȭȭɲǼҹǰ
ҹ䶯ݣȫû뵽쾹ȻѧԺһ˲Ͷ֣Ѿֻ˫۽ǰ
һ̣ȭ⾶ֱ˫ϡ
飡
һҹһʱ䱻ºѧԺ֮ڣеѪƮڿС
һʱ䣬һڵѧԺӶסˣ۷ǸԺ϶Щͬҹǰ㣬ȫû뵽ҹԺһ˲Ͷֱ֣ǡûаǿ߷緶
СӣһȭƯ̲סЦǿź찡
䣡
ӿ𣬵Ժ֮ڣҹסΣŵѧԺ죬ĿһƬ
ʲô䣬ճžͱСӺĺɹҲʣǲǸоܶˣǲǸоƣǲǺܷŭһ˿̵顣
׻ܼҹЦ


1756 Ѫ
ҹ䴦ڰ벽񾳣񾳽ѾûжԶˣ߾ӰɰھţǳǿŰ׻Ųһȭɵ飬ӶʱһƬɭɭɨ׻
Ӵ㻢үǲɱү죿û£үᣬվﲻɱɱ
׻𣬶ҹ乴צ
ܣһڵѧԺվڵѧԺҹȥɱҹɱ

С
ҹɫǸ䣬ɨ۰׻ŵѧԺȥһгԺ
ͬʱһΣտԺͶ֣һƬ⻯ᴩ졣
ϵĿռ䣬ȫʴƬ
첻ܣ򵥣ֱһȭӭϡ
һתۼײһֱʮռһζ
ҹĿ䣬֮˻λӰһ㣬ӸͬĽӶƬɱ⣬Ծ֮ѹ졣
磬һ֮⣬Ӷ콣ּ˦Ľ⡣
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
âɱ콣ͬһײ͵תۼǱ
ҹֱӳһƬڣһ˫˫Ѫɫ飬з˵˻𣬾ֱֶ¡
ȳЩˣͬڵ޾˰㣬ҪһɣƬռ¶Ȼ󽵣ɭˡ
⣬һ
ѧԺڣһڵԺӽǲɵļ£һĻʵЩˣ𺧣ֻоһ̾Ҫ鿪һ㡣
ҹ䣬ȷʵЩ¡
ü
һߵ۷弶ĵԺϣҲǲɵöݣΪһһ벽ܹĹ
ӭȻȻоĿ£ȴ˿Ҳη塣
ˣ
ӡɫͼֱʮң֯ӡֱ֮֮ĳҹͨӭϡ
ײһ𣬵طһ˵ķ籩ϵһжķ飬һʯŲϷɽȥ
ವ˽嵽һһδζһ𣬸ͨ
ЩʵҵԤϡ
ҹĿ䡣
ҲʵҵԤС
ƽ
Ի¶ȴûͣ£ͨڲ϶
ҹ䵭ƥâ֯Ϊ֮Ҫء
޾壬ֱϣ⻷ƶӶȭԷսһ㣬ս򵥵һȭҪٵ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һδεײʮռ𶯣һС
սľ춯أֱâ֯ϣתۼս˳ʱ֮ãѧԺһֹסı顣
飡
ȭҹؿڣ۵һʹҹؿڱᴩƬѪˮ
ͬһʱ䣬ҹɱâצҲϣֱץ´ƬѪ⣬㽫첲˺
ĿĮϲޱ̫תת۱ǻָٴο粽ŶԷȥֱӻӶȭѹԷ
˵һһȭѹ䣬ʮռһʱǱа֯˳
ҹͬȭȭ˲ƴƬ޾ʴ֮ͷ­Ӷ¡
תۼ䣬ײһ𣬱ԡ
󣬸һ̳ÿһ̺ż˵Ϣƺܽһжѹ
ҹ鲻䣬ۣһӰиطĽ֯Уǽ֯żΪ˵Ĵ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ٴײһ𣬸âʮռһһ
˴ӵѧԺΧս˲ԶһƬĻĹŴɽڣת۱мɽ˵ײ·ɻ𣬸âӿͨԻ˷ǳ
ˣ棬ǡ
ѧԺڣһڵѧԺӸļ£˶ǲɵö£ʵҹײ̫ˣֲ໥ײ֯ನһ˸оĲ
۷弶ĵԺҲһζݣҹ䶼ǾΣȴսʵ𺳡εʱ򣬺ɲʵ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʱһǰʱȥѧԺĻĹɽ䣬ҹĶײѾﵽ˰Ȼ׶Σâһδζһδ໥˶ԷԶˣս¡
ˡ
ҹĮһһƬѪˮ˾𣬽֯ŵѪɷ֮·ǿѪɣƺɽﶼڻ
Ѫ
ѧԺڣһʿһ


1757 
Ѫ֯ӿʮޱѪɷϢʮռһı𣬿µĸʴ֮𶯳ա
ҹ䣬˵ѪѪǿӵмΪ˵ĴҼǵãѪ츳ͨʴһУ
ûѪ츳ͨµĺܣ
ݴһѪڻĹźڣΪһۣ츳ͨѹϰ˻ģûмǶ֣
ѧԺڣһڵѧԺļ£ȻҹսĵطԶʱҲǲɵúˣˣʵҹ츳̫ͨڿ¡
Ȼ۷ǸԺϣҲɫ΢䣬ǱĲᡣ
ɰǰʮ΢΢ȻҲΪƶݡ
¡¡
պѹ䣬ҹѪѹʮڣһɽ̼̮
ѪȫɹɣѪˮȴޱȵʵת۱ѹ䵽ͷܵĿռȫս
Ѫˣ
ˣһѪ֣ͬڣ˭˲䱻סжֻܻ׵İӣ
죬¡ˣ
ӵѪҹ䣬վҪǿһЩ츳ͨһͬڣûм˿ס
һոŹâõˣҪôˣϧ̾Ҳ֪ҹ便ʲôԹ
ٵԺӿűѪֵ죬̲סҡͷ
¡¡ģʱѪѹͷ

ҹһ㣬ĮѹѪ׽ûС
ʮռ䣬
ˡ
ѧԺڣһڵҡͷ
Ȼһ̣Ѫ𶯣һӰпȻ죬δһ˲ǿ絽ҹǰֱһȭ
ˣ
ҵĺ𶯳գӳǻȭֱһȭǽҹĺǧԶԶ۵һը
ͬһʱ䣬ѪͨҲһΪ֮顣
⣬⡭
ôܣ
ʲôһþˣ
ѧԺڣһڵԺӾĽˣҹǿɲ츳ͨѪȾ֣ȻȴǺδֱӴѪҹĺը飬ЩԺӸš
۷弶ĵԺҲɫȫ벻ͨһĻѪˣȴǺδôǲܵ²ŶԡڣⱾòܵ£ȴʵʵķǰ
һüĿֱֱϣһƾâ֣֯Щ˼
ʱѧԺ֮ҲͰһ˿ûгԾжҹЦ
Ӧ
ƺЦ
ֻ壬ǿ壬ʮһԼǿѪ츳ͨԣûκá
һаӿԶĹɽȺ䣬ҹ۳ɫЩÿֱֱĶ죬ɱ㡭
츳ͨղˣĨɱǿߵǣȴ˿δ
쿴ҹ䣬¶һĨЦôϲⲻ⣿
ҹɫʱøÿеɱøŨͷڷ衣
նͷ­
ĵֱһ죬һɫӸֶ֯Ϊ˵Ϣѹ죬Ϊʶ
ֱ𣬽֮֯ݻҹʶ
߽棬ƽɫԵʶתۼһ飬ը֮ϡ
ৣ
ƿ֮ٶȿ켫һ˲ҹǰֻͼһʱ

˵ֱӽֻͼѹ¡
ֻͼһʥ֮ƵƺҪһжѹǿļ¡
ҹȻоֻͼĿ£ʱѾ޷ܣֵֻܳ
ֻͼȻǼ򵥵ֵܹͨתۼѹҹĴҹϡ
ۣ
ѪˮĽҹһʱըȾ˳Ƭա
ȴǲתۼؾ۳ӱĶ졣
лһĨ΢⣬ֻͼһҲܴ󴴣ҹ䣬ܱȴת۾ؾ۶ϢȻû˿ͣȻ˵Ĳء
òϣҹ䣬ĺǿ
ߣֻͼһγŶԷѹת۱ǰ
¡¡ģֻͼѹϵĿռ䱻ֱֱ̣ѹҹ䡣
ҹӱ䣬һʶɫӱͬʱʮͨһݻ볯ȥ


1758 
ɫӽ֯ǳ˵ܣʮͨˡ
¡¡ģһֻ̣ͼֱӺҹĺɫӺʮͨײһطƬյһʱ𶯳ԡ
ৣ
ƿһ죬джת۳ҹԣ̧־һǻȭӰ֯ѹҹ䡣
ҹ䲻ܣӶӭϣĺɫצӡɭˡ
һײһ쾪趯͵ģһ顣

쿪ڣһٴνֻͼңһνɵȻɵһת֯ɵֻͼƺƵѹԷ
ɵֻͼһһʱ䣬ӺΰϢӿطʹһʼζضƺɵֻͼѹˡ
ɣɡ£
ѧԺڣӼǰһĻǲɵļ£ɵֻͼϢһʱЩ˵ˡ
۷ĵԺϺͰɰǰʮҲǲɵֶݣΪɵֻͼȷʵǷǳֲ
˼
΢
ܶɵֻͼգضΪɢĲ
ҹн֯âû˿仯
ɭ⻷ƣֱӽѪ𣬽֯Ѫɷ֮¡¡졣
⡭Ҫ츳ͨӭ
аȻ֪ΪʲôǸЧ
ٵԺӲ⡣
ҲʱѪ֮ҹ⸡һɫӣʶҲһתۼѪںһ
ʱ䣬һѪɷϢӿ·Ҫһжɣһںĺ˸֣ƺƵӭɵֻͼ
תۼ䣬ײһʮռȫռ
һ̣ɵֻͼͺں캧ͬʱըҹԵŵŵɵĺˣǶǲɵѪˮƽɫ
ʶ츳ͨںϣøǿܶЧˣ
ٵԺӶݡ
챾˶ԴһҲо⣬̫Ż͵̫ȫκβԾͬǰһ㣬Է̫ʶںϺ󣬱ܹв
䣡
ʱӿܺƵ棬ҹâ֯һڱӡϽ֯ƣ̼ɢӿȵѹ˲Ϣķա
һ۷弶ǳˣҹֱӳѹ¡
ңͬһʱ䣬ҹеâԻɵҲֹһ֣ʮأ۷弶ıӡ֮һѹȶ£һĺ㡣
ߣһһսìƾն֣ǵϾƹ۷
ﬣ
սì̶ĺ֮߶콣ֱĹᴩҹѹıӡ
ңɵȻɵһط֯ƣһѹȥ
תۼ䣬ӡսìײһ۷𶯣һƬƬԡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҹʮɵɵȻɵԼҲײһ𣬾ֱԭһķ籩ϵĿϯ˽ȥرֱӳ
ৣ
ৣ
ƿյҹͬʱ䶯ˣڻķ籩ɢȥʱǳԷһ˳սìնһ˳ֱӡѹʱʱȭżײ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ԺӿתۼײʱԵѾ˴룬ɢ֮ܲ۷ʱ˲٣սﵽ˰Ȼ
Ҳʱһ֯ѪϢĺӰԶٶȷǳ죬תۼǰֱֳ̧ץȥе֯ԣΪһߡ
ܣͬʱ˫΢΢𣺡㣡
ͬһʱ䣬ѧԺ֮ڣС̫ǲɵöݡ
Ǹϲôɱˣң񡭡ȵǿ˺ܶ࣡
ü
ߣǸսìĳߣ֮ǰϾƹһĽ𣬲룬ֳˡ
ѧԺڣһڵӶݣΪǸгԹ
䣡
ѧԺ⣬һצӿգٴγ֣ûӰɷϢ
ҪлǸˣϷѹȣôʱ䣬ƶ˱ݣﵽ񾳽磡죺㵹ҲȥôЩ꣬ȻѾﵽȸ߶ȣûʲôˣɲ϶
ô˵ţɢƸˣøǿҰ˻ģӰӸͬķѹȶȥΪڼĸ߶ȡ


1759 ʵ
ֹӰ֯ԲӸͬķѹ¡ǵȲЩˣõѧԺһ˶ݣϾǿڶ֡
ѽ
С̫ۣǳѧԺȥΪҹһսȻ׶ΣѾûжˣԴﵽڵĺߣǳΣա
ƫͷС̫֡
С̫Ȼ֪ȥͣЩǣЩɻ
¡¡ģɷϢĸֹӰӿ֯ŵϢǿˡ
ǲĲӰһһܿЩɱӰ
ٶȲֻǣûʲôáĮһڵƾԣʮһУԪʦټҲһϷʹЩȻʦ顣
ЦϼһﲻһѾڲȵǿЩѣ͸ҴʴɱʦҲԼʲô
⻰һ߲ɵɫһһĨɫǸʱϾƹȻֻһѣ
ΣϷ򵱳ҲԶԶûлָ۷״̬ڣϷǿˣնı壡еľɫתɢٴαĮԸЩȻ뵽ϾƹһͻĲǳĵڣԪ˵ټһϷ
ԪѾϣʦټҲ֪Ц⣬ҲûбҪ֪ԪʦټһΣԶط
䣬һط̼両ֳһһӡһʱ佻֯ɱ⣬ʹض˶ζ
ɱ󣿣
⡭µģɱ󣿣ɱ⣬áǿҡ
ʲôʱµģ
ѧԺڣһʿɫ
Ȼ۷ĵԺϡ콻ҹ䶼Ƕݡ
Ϊʱн֯ɱϢ̫ˡ
ǬԪɱ󣿣һںҹ佻Ĺпӡ£
ƵҲɫ
䣡
ѧԺ⣬ɱӿ֯һƿɲɱ⣬ɱâ
ñ޾ɱ֣һȻоɱƵĿ£˲Ϣһɾҵв㡭
ɫĮһɱӿһɱֱӳźȥ
ͬƵ²ǰ㣬ǬԪɱȷʵںҹսĹ£һǶ֧ŵʱҲǷǳޣǣȴҲвĵڼǿˣϾڼΪ̶¡
ԭпɱƣΪɱҹʹã룬ʱ嵽ԷȻѾԽ۷ﵽڣı״̬ԲڼǿߵĶ֣ԣֱӳ˰пӡµԭɱҹɱ̼ӿɱƽ֡
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ǬԪɱΪɱʱܼɱδ֪նһʱӿһ΢Сĺڶܼɱһ𳯺ѹ
Ҳ֮ǰĮþŭһŭ󣬳һǿ˵ͨŴ˷Ǭɱӭȥ
Ȼɱ󣬾ΪںҹսĹпӡ£һǶȴǿֲĺܣһͨ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һɱת۽߹ᴩһʱը鿪
⡭
áÿ£
ѧԺڣһڵļ¡
һڼǿߣôתۼ䱻ɱ֯ɱķ顣
䣡
ӿ겻һŭ֮£תۼ۳

ʱ죬ʮŭ
ڴսдæӡ£ܹɱĻᣬһΣ˽㣡
鵭Į
Ȼ£ɱ𶯣ڶǬɱûĳźѹ䣬Ȼ߳ҲãһαֱӻѪ
ͬʱܣϣһǬɱƱð󻺻ʧ
䣡
ѪУܳ𣬺δɴڣֻǶ˲Ѻۡ
죬ŭ֮ɫŨ
˵֯Ź⣬ؾ
⡭
ɱɱûˣ¡
ѧԺڣ˿죬ɵüǵɱȻɱξ֧Ųסˣ£컹ʲôߣ
ؾ۳һȥмΪ̵ɱ⽻֯ﵽڣȴǱشһشʵںܶˡ
ʼϣιɱѾ꣬ڣϷ㻹ô
ɭĵ
һֻ̣죬ֻҪؼΪ̵ֶɱ졣
ǲɵù
˵ֻιɱᣬ㻹ΪֻΣЦʵιɱĻᣬֻһΣЩʱǿڣ·
䣬УԭѾʧǬɱٴθֶѾںһ˲仯һɱʥʮɶ೤ɢɱҲ֪֮ǰǿ˶ٱһһУֱӳ¡


1760 ߱
ʮɵɱʥ֯ŵϢʵڹڿ£ܽﶼնһ㡣
һŭƭң
ƭΣû˽̹㲻Ҫŵ˵Ļһͻȥˣ

ӡǬɱȽϼ򵥣ԶԶһǣ֧ŵʱ޷ǳ̣ϾԶԶûƿغɱҹսĹܽȴӡ̶ȣѾǼˣֻιɱᡣ
ֻ֮߳ιɱᣬڹɱκʧȫΪԶԷƲʧ䵽УڰתһʹںϣεĹӵǿ
㣡
нҪûκԥֱӳԶ롣
ΪʱоǱʮɵɱ⽣жô£״̬Ҫһ㲻Ҳˡ
ವһٶȷǳ죬ֻգۼͳȥԶ
߲ˡ
ƽ
䣬וּһʮɵɱ⽣䣬ɱ֮ȥǧԶһ˲񷣬ʹǸرѣϢ

ҽߵһʱ䱻ķ飬гƬѪƮڿ֮С
һѪгɿԶ
ϼһû걣
ѧԺڣݡ
ղնµһǿֲĺܣԭΪܾɱǸߣȴ룬ԷȻû
ѧԺ⣬ƬɽȺУֱӿǲһ޾Զת۽ض£漴һһöУ֮֯ܣѹ¡
ֻʣһ꣬ңѾ鲼ѺۣܷǳӭµĻоǵȻ֮ܣݺһ㤽еס֣ҪɱңҿԸԪܣһ֪㽫ƥ
Ҫ
ƽ
ԷνԪܣܹõԪڵ޾ǿޣ£һͷˣԷοԪѾϻˡ
ʧ
ֵ֣еĻøˣһںϡ

Уһ˲һ飬׵ʧؼ䡣
һʱ䣬ܱð˲١
⣬⡭
ҹһսѾ˴룬ȴɱһڵǿߣֱ
񰡣
ѧԺڣһڵԺӲĶһ¡
ô˵ղǸͻȻ֣Щɱƾͻҹ䣬ҹǾͻᱻɱ
Ҳһȥҹ˿̵״̬Ȼڵǿߣ˱ϾѪ߾ӰɰھţνˣôܻûеıֶΣ㱻ǵɱҲܱɱ
⵹Ҳǡ
ۡ
һߣĵǽϼһˡ
ߵ׷ɱǺüΣĨɱǳ׽е
䣡
ʱӿѧԺɽڣҹ䶯ˣƵޱɵ۷弶ıӡת۳ǰֱѹ¡
ɲһʱʮռ䣬һڡ
鲻䣬֮ǰȻǬɱѹƺߣȴһֱҹ䣬ʱŶԷɱȻ׼һֱгƬ䣬ѹܱߵһգй쳹ڰ˷
ɫΪص̺֮Եޱȡ
ңл̺ɵ֮ʹøӿЩ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
Щҹɵײһգۼѣ
ͬһʱ䣬ӶսìԴ߶콣ֱӭҹıӡ
ӣֱһĺ
ģϵգƬ
һ̣һһ𣬸ͨһһչֶɵӿâֱ֯Ĳر飬ǵȳ𺳲ѡ
ˣ
ͻȻʮռһһޱȿֲϢͻأɢҹڳһᣬϱ鲼ӡǿԽﶼݻٵһ㡣
ǣ
߱
һνһżãܹݣÿһݶֻʹһΣӵĨɱ⡭ҹһݣ
ѧԺУһڵӺˣȻ۷ĵԺϣҲǵһоҹžĿֲɵôӱһɿ־塣
ͬһʱ䣬ӢۡƵʱҲǱɫоҹǾж¡


1761 Ի˶
ϵľύ֯ɣϢ鲼ֹϷµ䣬Ϣˡ
Ѫ߾ӰɰھţͬʱҲΪνȻǿֶΣȾһղűǵɱסҲԲκ£
Ǹ죬ûɱɱﵣ״̬߱¡
ʿľ
Ҳǵһʱ䶯ݣű鲼Ƶľᣬо˾޴в
ʧ
ҹĮֱӳѹ䡣
£Ͼᾶֱѹ䣬˷յһʱ䱻̣ʹûκοԺ˵·
䣡
һ̣ϾᱬֱӽƬռڵһжûˣʹһ٣йҽ
Ϣ˽ǲ
һʱ䣬һжû
Ǹ죬ꡭ𣿡
˶Ǹط
Ӧ˰ɣǵ״̬ӭһӦûɻܴ
Աʿ
ҲʱוּһһɫĽâгٶȿ쵽㡣
ۣ
ѪˮĽҹؿֱӱᴩ
ɢȥ¶ӰȾѪһڲƵıУ֯һƵɫâ嫶ϡ
ţ
ǡһ⣬⡭
һʿ𺳣ȻǵѧԺǸ۷峤ϺҲǶݡ
Ǳ鲼Ƶľܻ𣬿ǣںķ˴֮£Ȼ
ڲס߱
ڲȵȡǣϢǡĸ
񡭡Ǻĸңǳƺƺֻд˵еĺ쾧ɢôĺĸ
ڲѵѵ
Ǻ쾧ɣ
ŻɫһʿǽԱɫ
ûûǺ쾧ģ
ѧԺǸ۷弶ĳϿڣĿⲻס˸𾪡
ȲεˣԲܿ
ѧԺ⣬սڵɽȺױˣҹ޸ؿڵ˿ڣŻŵ죬ŻɫͫҲǲɵһȻĲɺ쾧ɡ
棬ȾѪڴϢ̫ɿת޸塣ͬʱĲҲǷɿۺϣܿ
ɵҹ߱ɱǵȻϢ̫ǿˣֻлɵɺ쾧ɵ塣ȻˣžشɵҲĲơ
ಣ
ͻȻһƿյ𣬵ѧԺ֮ڣһӰ˳ȥֱȡȥȻǰɰʮǸ档
Ҫˣ
֯˲ǰֱӳɵץȡȥ
һɺ쾧ɵı۷̥ԲϽȻٵˣҲؾֵۣ졣

ѧԺڣŭȵ
ѽ
С̫ʱˣֱӳɫգƺƵѹ档
ɫӿȣ֯˫ΰһʱ佫һж
ͫ΢һ˵ֻǳµСޣҲ֪ʱֻȴû뵽ôǿɫѹֱʹе˴в
ৣ
ˣܿС̫ɫ⡣
漴һ̣ٴγ죬ӿâʮɵҲһҼݻһӰӸ죬Ҫɵ
С̫ĽɫûӰ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫ɫ֮£潻֯ĻӰת۱ȫջ١
Ƴɫ΢ǿ˿̾ȫͻƲС̫
С̫棬ĺӿɫ֯ɫٲһ㳯ûȥ
ʽڣôЩӣСһѾʼȡڵΪѾǴﵽ۷徳Ρ
¡¡ģʮռһʱ𣬱ɫյһͿĿռԼ⣬ȫջٵ
涯ݣ³һǿͨС̫ɫӭȥ
һĻС̫΢΢һЦ棬ĿЩ䣬ֿҹ䡣

С̫ȫԸ棬ʱȫ棬ԦָɵֱӳҹѹȥҪʱǿиնɱڴ˵ء
ҲʱƬսУһͬȰ֣һαǳֵǰֱֳ̧ɵץȥϢ֮۷ʱҹ仹ǿ
ǡԬƸɰڰˣҲˣ
ѧԺڣһڵԺӽԱɫ


1762 ˮת
ԬƸķǳ죬ֻգۼͳǰץɵ
춯ݣٶȺˡ
״̬סǰˣһ㣬ǳ
ٴϣһʧһٴγǰһ̯֣֯ԣѹ
ѽ
С̫ߵĽɫӿգźֶ¡
ԬƸٶ̫ˣСһͬʱȥԬƸɫ׵ѹٶѾǸϲ϶Է
ԬƸƵǰһɰӿܵĿռ価գӡûٴγѹ䡣
΢ͬʱҲ䣬ʱ޿ɱܣֱӻӶȭӭϡ
ҲʱǰһƬˮˣ֯˵ĴԬƸĴӡԬƸ΢һ
ϣϢһŮӣԵЩģһεˮϡ

ɰߣҲˣǸԬƸĹҪʲô
ѧԺڣһڵԺӶݡ
ƵҲǶݣԬƸͻȻɱڼ֮ɱɵһԭǷŭǣʱ򣬼ŮͻȻ֣Ұ죬ʹһ˶ɵ¶Щɻı顣
˵ŮӣôЩ죿
׻ʱѵõûΪŮӵò¶
ԱߣƵͷͬЩ졣
ѧԺ⣬ѾƲɽ䣬Ŀϣư׻һҲǾŮӺ죬ܿ϶һμԷ
˶٣ѹɻԷлл
ղͻȻ֣㲻ᱻԬƸȥɵҲˡ
ϣȥܽģգգۣӿн䵽ԣ˵жȻԼǷǳȴҲЩģӡ󡣡
ԣʱһ㶣ңж˵
ͻȻеϢЩһʱЩס
һЦյߵҺˮ񡣡
ԣɫ΢䡣
ʱ´ͻȻЩΪʲô֮ǰöԷ죬ԷòǺ͵ڻҺҵˮʼǳơ
֮ǰˮ񹬾ˮתҪˮΪѰˮתʱڻҺѰˮ񣬽ˮ񹬣ˮ񹬵Щˣҵˮתǰ
Ծˮ
ֱס죬ЦĵǰļѾûˣңҲԼôϣҾԽ
첻ɵЩգ
ôԶʱϹŶתڣվǰֱӽôһЩΡ
ɺϻͬϾϻǼһ̫ˣʵ˽֮
ѧԺڣһڵԺӵۣ߾ӰɰߣҼĽ߿Ƿǳ࣬ʮϵʥӶȥݷãܾЩʥ֮һ涼ѣ͸Ҫ˵ĸܺôܵĽӴ
ڣͻȻԬƸĹ죬ǣֱǵһ㣬һЩʿ춼Ŵˡ
@#ȱµ˵Ѿô޽ˣȻ黨ңȻǣ
׻ۡ
̫ˣ
Ƹͣͬһ߿ı顣
бһһһĵģ
ﬣ
𣬵ѧԺ֮⣬ԬƸĮٴζˣȥȻҲȴԵɵ۵֯տտĹ
ʵɵԺ쾧ɵֵ̫ˣջޡ
̧֣ƬˮȻԻתۼ仯һ캣ˡ
ơŮ˰
׻ۡ
ʱûĺ˲⻯ɣȫʵˮԴۣн֯ž˵ˮ֮ɵԿĳжǿǳˡ
ÿ
ԬƸ̧֣䣬˷ֿЩˣ֯ǿƺͰԵ
ҴСǴƬƾԻѹԬƸ󣬶˶ŵ⣬ô˵ҲǰɰߣҪôһλãȻս಻Ǻܴ󣬵˵㲻ҡ
⻰ǳʵڣԬƸӸϾȻȷʵڰɰϾ֮󣬿ɱһ˳ԼһŮӣﻹǺܲ⽻ܱ֯øǿݻͨ񽣣ն¡
Ʋ죬𣬳Ƭˮ˷ﻯһƬƲǺֲܿȴһֺֻĸо
쿴һĻԶˮתˮǺˡ
лˣ˶٣лסһλϵҹ䣬ֱӳɵԷѹȥ


1763 ҹ
С̫ס˰ɰʮ棬˰ɰڰ˵ԬƸʱҪ˼ˣһҹ䡣
ˣ
ʱͬʱսìɵתŹ⣬ͬʱҹѹ¡
ҹ䣬аϢ֯ıӡٴתܣӭ졣
תۼ䣬ײһһ𶯵طռ䶼ȫ֡

һ죬սìҹıӡײһսìͱӡͬһʱԺɿȥ
ɵ֯ɫĺɹ⣬Եǰȫ߶һʱ䱬⣬ʮռ˲Ǳ׵ı
ңͬһʱ䣬ɵ֯һƺ˵⣬͵죬ϢˣдٵϢһٱ۵ڡ
ҹͺ𣬵һʱǿܣҽʶɵҲһ𣬳ѹɵӭϡ

һ죬ɵѹ䣬һѹһʱǽҹɵʶѹķ顣
⡭
Ժ쾧ɵıȻֲֻѣȴԵסܻɱǿߵҹҲôǿҹɵʶ󣬾Ȼһ˲ͱѹ֧飬ֱǡ
һĻѧԺڣһڵӶ𾪡
쾧ıĽ
Цĵּ˦ˮӾ˵ˮ֮ɵȵĽԬƸһߡ
ÿ
ԬƸ𶯣һ߹һ߿ǸطĿֱɵ
ȥԼı£ҾСЦӦð첻
ԬƸĿ䣬˵ܣ񱩵ĳԽ
ͬʱһߣڶɵǾâ֯һδǸ壬ϧȴԽС̫
Ҳʱ¡¡ģɵֱѹ䵽ҹͷ˵ֱһС
ҹͺȣѪʶٴںһ𣬳ɵӭϡ
һΣɵѹ䡣
ৣ
ƿʩչرԦɵǲһ˲ɣֻͼֱӹᴩҹ츳ͨԼʶ֮ڣԷǰ
ҹһһ˿ɫٺˡ
ٶȱɿˣתǰֱӻӶȭɫȭˣʹһȭȭǿ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ҹûбֱܿӱһȭؿڱѡ
ȫԷϢĻᣬһɫ׵ѹ䣬ҹ֡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ɫ׵ǿƥҹķ飬Ψ걣
ಣ
Źâһɱֱӳ֯˵ĻֱüĶ
΢ɵһâ͵һɱѹķ顣
ҲʱҹѾ۳ӱ䣬쿴һ˲ο黯
´ȡͷ­
һǿߣҲһߺʹߣʱ˳ҪɱѾ̫ܣɵЩ鷳
Ż䣬黯ĸһϢʧԭء
ûüŶԷʧֱۣϧȴɿԷΣϢҲʧˡ
ڵֱ̳ƶص磿
ü
֮ǰѰһʿʶ֪һЩ£Ƭĵһڣһ̳ӵмΪصΰԴɴƶ̳ϣһɡ
ֻ̳ѾµĺƿأҹΪνȻǻ̳
ԷղӦþǻֱ̳Ӵƶ硣
ҹ䣬ʧˡȻˣ
Ǹ죬ȰɰھŵѪҹ仹Ҫǿ󣿣
ѧԺڣһڵľȻǸ۷弶ĵԺҲݡ
䣡
𶯣С̫滹ҲںԬƸսĹɲͬϢ֯ˣǸط͵رϱѡ
쳯ԬƸۣһѧԺڣǰǵҡ
˵ͷҲûʲôֱӽڵ죬תۼʹľǿ˼࣬ڵﵽ۷ʱҡ
á
־âһֿѧԺ
һɵС̫ͷС̫֮棬ԼԬƸֱӳֻͼѹԷ


1764 Զ
ԣֻͼѹԬƸʱʹԬƸݡ
ϾͺǿҲһǿȻʱδ۷״̬˶ɹʩչֻͼǷǳˡ
£ԬƸˣֻܿͼ
ʲô

ǲһһӰת۱ԬƸǰֻͼһγ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƭˮ֯ˮ֮ɵҲԬƸѹ¡
ԬƸɫһͬʱһɾ޴ѹϣͬʱסˡ
ಣ
һߣƿ𣬴ܶ涢͵С̫ͷɵн֯ĿâһʶͨСֶ̫ȥ
ͬʱɵӿһֻ֮ӡֱĳɵץȥ
ѽ
С̫ĺɫ߶ɵһʱ䱬ɫɹ⣬֮ǰԲһ߶ɵҲ֪ǿ˶ٱһʱѹʶͬʱɵûĴӡֱ顣
涯ݣٴγС̫ȥǿͨץɵ
ӸղһĻӸоɵǿ󣬼ֵ졣
һ̣ವһͬһʱ䣬ԬƸǿľ룬ҲС̫ȥһʱǿͨɵץȥ
ߣǲһǿ˹ȥ֯ɫ׵磬ԬƸһУ֮ˡ
ͬʱ֣һ޴ˮƾո֣ԬƸһ֡
ѽ
С̫˫һֱӳһʱ죬ɫˮһ𹥷ԬƸˡ
ңСһｫɵҲһʹ֮˵ҫ˻ġ
ԬƸͬʱɫԳ
졢С̫ûһߣңС̫д߶ɵǿƱǵӿǿֲĺܣֻգۼͷԬƸƬɱϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ƬѪըԬƸûһֵãһʱը
˱Ͼǰɰǰʮĳǿߣȫֻһתۼ۳ɫǱЩÿ
䣬С̫ͷɵ˶٣ֱˣ֯Ӱһʧ
ͬʱԬƸŵ֣һҲʧЩˡ
˶ǿʱ򿴵ĳ졢С̫ϣɵǿƱǸʤ
ܵͦ죡
΢
˳ҲֶΣת۱뿪ˣѾ׷
ѧԺڣһڵԺҲԾ
ҹ䣬棬ԬƸȻˣ
Щʿľ
Ȼ۷ǸԺϣҲǶݣ˶٣뿪ԭء
ΪԺϣеѧԺڵԺ棬ҪʱֹڵѧԺ֮⣬Ժȫùܡ
ȻҪܣЩ£ǵԺ߲㱨һ¡
ѧԺ֮⣬³һɵǸսìͬʱ
С̫Ľ䵽ͷ
һЦٴԷлͻȻЩΣˡ
˵˲л
ԵЩģһЦӡ
һЦҲӦõõǸɣһȥ
Ϊɰߵ𣬾ǵõ˵ġ
ͷ£˺ܿԺڡ
ԺǰԭŲٹսĵԺӣʱ˿룬һʱ䳯ÿϾ졢С̫̫ǿˣԶնɱǿߵ죬֮ǰӡֲɱ󣬾ն˸ڵ
ǿӭЩͨĵԺܻ᲻ɵη
Щ˵Ķǲô⣬£Ѿϰˡ
һ𣬺ܿͰ˻һ𣬶һ˵ľȥһۡ
ܴ󷽣ڵѧԺҲûѡþ¾͵ͷúһ˵ľ
쿪ڣΪ°ͷӢ۵ˣּ򵥵İƵ˽
ǡˮת
ƳԾ
ѹֻү֮ǰú죬ȷʵ͵ںѰˮǳơ
׻ۡ
ȳȵˣʱҲɵöݡ
ǰȻһԶʱˣ
ǰ´඼ǵˣֻЦڹȥֻһЩΪģӡ󡣡
Щģӡ󣬿мǵʲôطо챦һĶ
׻ʵ
ǵûСҡͷ˶ٿ۵ںҵĹʱҼǵ˵Ҫ֮


1765 ͫ
Ļ׻ʱ˫ۡ
ү˵ĻûаɣԣûУ
ôط
ѾԿ϶ǰǵˮתΪˮ񹬵Щìܣȷ콫ʯû뵽عǵµļ䣬ʱ൱飬ϾԷʵǺǿ
ϷŰɨһۣ˶ٵ˵ܲĵرĵطҵȷʵ֪ôһ
⻰첻ɵöݣмǵã
ģ
׻׷ʣһ¾Ͳˣĵرʲôĵĺܡ
ԱߣƺҲǲɵÿ
룬ǰļʵЩģ˶ٺ󿪿ڣݶĮڵһطƺǰоʲôԵ㲻ʲôȾ۵ĻӦǺмֵ䱦
㶼䱦Ǿǲ֮ϽɱŹȥڳ
˫۷Ź⡣
ǶǺöǰˣڻڲǸط˵
ôһ˵죬ҲǾú
Ͼ뵱ǸѾȥ̫á
ôƾõ䱦пѾ˷ֶˡ
ȥҿ
ô
ʱǷûʲôر£ȥǶĮתһתᵽıûбȡߣǾ;֮ȡأѾȡߣҲûʲôˣ͵ˡ
ðɣǾȥ￴
ͷûʲô
£һ˾ֱ뿪ѧԺֱ˺ͨϡ
Ϊʮ֮һǳ嫣ʮֹһɽһ㣬һֹӲɣ֮С
Įģ
׻ʵ
ݶλõһƬĮ

˵һ£漴˺ռŻܿݶ
һڶһΣǿһƬĮ
Įޱ޼ʣҲ֪ռ˶ôķΧڵҲȫǻɳҲвٹľ֣Ȼڵɫֲǳ٣ûж
ǴطǾλҾʵǼǲˡ

޷ܾȷôһڣѾǺܲˡ
˵
˵⻰ŵһƵûµУͬʱҲ˿ɨƬĮŨƹ⽻֯˫С
㻹ͫ
ۣ¶Щı顣

˵ͷϽµƣӿٵƬĻĮ
õ϶Ļشɵ˫΢ŨȤʵ˫ۣЩʲô
Ԥ˹Ĺ켣ͨıʣ֮ɽƣϾЩ
첢û
ֻЩ
΢Щʧӡ
Щ
Щ졣
ԾѾǺˣȴȻһ䡰ֻЩ
ȻóʲôһЩͫԣ˲٣̫ۺ̫۶Ȳϡ
Ǻһͨͬϣ̫֮ۺ̫ǵѪͫȷʵȲϡǾ̫ۺ̫۶Ȳʲô˼ѵ̫ۺ̫ͫУҲ㲻ʲô
ӢۺҲܺ棬
֪̫ۺ̫۾Ǻܾ˵ˣɴĻУҲ˼ƺ̫ۺ̫ͫвô
̫ۺ̫ʹ˵еǼͫȣȷʵ̫ˣȫûȣ֮𡣡

ļͫ
ʵЩԶԶǿ̫ۺ̫۵ͫ
Ҳ˵ֻЩǰģ䣬ôͫӵнܸ컻ص˵ţ̫Ѩãˡ˾ƿһ־ͫأһ۾Ϳ԰쵽

ۡ
ԱߣҲֶݡ
ЩѾ̫Ĵ˵ˣΪŴˮתдļﾹҲй£ƿһֿ׻صͫ
Ǹ׵жôֲôú޵Ƶģ˺ȣӤ
׻ۡ
ҲٹĴ˵ÿһֻ֣𺳡
⻰ûдԴǰļһǵóֵģֻ֣ؼʿ˵ľƣΪ˵ǸˣʿӤ


1766 
ĻɵǶݡ
ǰǰʿƺС룬ȻļǰĻش𡭡ǰʿӤ
ǵһˣ
΢˸
ǣһδεŹ£Ǹδˣһ֮顣
һ㣬ͻȻ䣬һ£Լ֮ǰ˫ʲô
һֺֽ֯ͼƵۣ

ǰʱͻȻһ˫ۣϡ仹ǵ˫۵ӣȴ֪˫ʲôŴˮתһдеļ䣬ŶԷǲ֪һЩ˫۵¡
ۣҶ˵ֻЩģļ䣬Ȼ֪ôֲֺܿͫЩͫʲôһӡҲûС
Щʧðɡ
˵ţ˻Դʱȥ£ۿⷽĮڣͬʱŵ׵Ҳһӡ
վŲʲô
ʵ
۲ơ

ǰֱȥʮкһƾâһû
ӣʵʲôˣ
һƬ췴ӦƬĮʲô

˵ţǰ·кһ쳣Ǹȥ
ƬĮǳǰ·һ۱ǹȥʱ
ʱǰһƬ֣ľ඼Ѿǿήһ˿˿ϢƮС
棿
졣
Ǵ洫
ͷ
طо첨ˣֱӴһ˿롣
ʼһڣʱоɵһ
û˵ʲôкһˣӦ첨ķȥ
úһ߳Զ
䣡
ʱرͻȻһĿѣһ˿˿ɫɭ
ص£һͷ鲼۵ðһͷ­ֻͫ׾ǰ˸ѪĹһֱӳһ
ͷ޳ǳ¶·һƶСɽ㣬Ǿ޴ɢŵҲǷǳˡ
ֱ̧֣Ӿһơ
飡
޺ɣһҽУǧԶûʲô
Դˣһ˶ûгԾ糣
ϾͷȻҲͿȳѣҪԸޣǼ򵥵ĺܡ
һ˵Ĳû˿ı䣬ܿгȥɶԶǰһ޴ɳȣɫƣ֯ŵ
ˡ

£һֱӿ뵽С
ɫڱҰܼȷǳͣһ˵ǿߣɳкҲֻܿڵ
ĿޣʶҲã̽ʲô
ü
Ҵ·

ЩɫȻܲףڱҰƿ۵ȴûκӰ죬ʱУɳڵܿķǳ
ƽȣһǰС
˫ۣЩʱͦõ



ǰܿǹȥʱ
ʱǰɫø࣬һεıݸֶסһǰеĽŲ
ӦⲨþαɢΪһȻϡ
Ȼ磬Ҵ򲻿
ü
ΪˮתѪ߾Ӱɰߣɱ˿ҲȴƲȻ硣
Ʋ˵ȻôȻôһߣԱ˲õĶ
׻ô˫۷Ź⡣
˵
ͷͬ⡣
ֱӣСӣϽģƿ
Ľ缫۷ǿ߶ƿ֪һƿΪƿȻݻǳóӦԡ
ͷҲϻʲôͽֽӡ֯ļ䣬ΪһӡǰȻӡȥ
ӡȻϣ͵һ죬漴϶ʱ鵭ɢ
ֶΣ
Щݡ
ǵȻ磬񾳵ΪȫҲԺȴô׾ͽ֮ƿˣݲԾ
ã߰ɡ

˵ţһˣȻ֮ȥ
Ȼ֮ɫɺܶ࣬ûãǰһҶӳɫ֯ɫһС̨ʮöӣûһöӶǽ֯зǳ˵ɵϢϢɵĽᾧ

ݡ


1767 ı
Ϊµ͵âһ䣬̨̺мΪ͵ڰ벽µκʿԣž˼ֵ
ʮöӣ׬ˣ
ϲ
Ҳ¶âôһһ˽Ϊ
Ȼ⣬ϾѾ񾳣ڶԷûá
ְһ˵ĸо
ۡ
ǻǲ˼ˡ
Цȴ֪ûнʲô
׻˫۷Ź⣬ֱĶǰ˵ǶЩӡ
ɡ쿪ڣС̫鷳ǻ
ޱƽ񾳽磬òС̫ʴڵ磬ĵرСһԸʲô㲻ϣĻӣֻ桢ӢۡơͰ׻дá
ѽ
С̫ĳӦһʱڿյϣܡ
ġ
ȻûжĿҲڶĴ
ʵϣطΪһ޴ĻĮһԣû˻
˵ͷȡʮöӣƽС̫ˣºͰһһϥ£ʼӡ
һʱ䣬ֲͬâһʱԻｻ֯һɹɴơ
ˣ
ת̫ľɫһʱӿһƵĸǡ
ܿ죬ľﵽΪ۷״̬ȡöӣ̷ֱ£ʼ
ӱ̷£ʼһʱ䣬ľ񵱼תۼǿ˲١
ƣﵽ۷Ӧûˡ


δ֪ڣһɽڣӰһԲƷǷϢ
棬ʲôҪ£˵ɡ
Уһ˿ڣȻνɰھŵҹ䡣
ԱߣһĿĮΪɰڰ˵ԬƸ
ˣǰɰʮ档
ҪΪ¡
۵
ôһ˵ҹԬƸжǲɵøֳһƶĿâ
˵ʲô
ԬƸ
һЦ˺Ǹĺնƽ֣֮»ĸ֮ԼıԴ
ôö᣿
ҹĵ챾ͺǿС̫ڣҺǸɰߵҲЩϵôǿ߾һ˵ûʲôϣ
ԣȻöᣬԣҲǽ˵ٲһЩֶΣնԲʲô¡
Ц
мƣ
ҹü
һλϣԬƸҲ档
ȻЦҶԼͷԣ൱ŵģһ죬ѡ
һУ᲻Ҳڽһڣ
ҹĮ
棬٣Ϊ˺ա
ԱߣԬƸҲ档
ģǿƽȵԼڳɹȡںƽǰκ˲в˵£ˣ˭ҲõĻᱻơ

ҹԬƸüκ໥һۣ˵ͷ
ȼǿ߶ԣǶĵıﲻ࣬쾧ıΪıеһңǵջǳĴ
Ҫ˵ǣȻʺۼˣҲһΪ֮ݡ
£˸ʩһӡƽԼ߼䣬ڳɹȡںƽǰκ˲в˵¡
ãԼЦ֮ǰǿ֪˵һЩ㣿κ΢С㶼ңȫҵļƻ
ԬƸ֪
ҹлһĨ΢⣺Ϊʿ˵⣬𣿡
΢Щ⣬ʱǿߣȻⷲ˵
漴˶٣ɵ΢˫ۣһܲ㡣

ݣĮ
ˣ
Įڵɳȼ䣬Ͱӣâ֯طԡ
ˣһۣһʱȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һ죬һɹǿӿ𣬰ơ׻Կ뵽Ρ
ԱߣӢǴﵽ벽۷壬߶ȣѾûжԶ롣
ǵˣɲΣֱر𣡡
˷ܡ
ˬ
׻ҲǺܼ
ĬĬԼ˿̵漴ʼȹ̸Եľ硣
漴ʱһΣǰ¹ȥ
º󣬰˸ԽǰľȶǱüΪι̡
ҲʱһɫâһɰֱƵһ˫ۡ
۷壡



1768 
貵Ľâ֯ϣ˫ۣռ䶼¡
ȭоԼǿ˲٣Ǳøǿʶøˣø׳ڵҲø񣬷·ǹ㡣
ã
ھâһ
СӣүҲˣ
Աߣ׻ĵ԰ʲôƵġ
쿴һ̣һϢĴӲ£ֱӽ֮С
׻ȴֱӶˣת
@#
ƿڴͬʱЩԼսֱ࣬صĲ𣬲̫ˡ
첻ɵôЦʱס׻ɢȥʹ֮»ظж
սһ
лһĨǰа֯⣬һƵ͵졣
˰ɴ˸磬ֲǲ֪СӵʵڱСӵС̨׵£һսǴİȥģĽ
۵
üͷһȴҲûж˵ʲôΪĻȷʵеʲǿΪҲ߳С̨ף治Ƕ֡
һЦȹһ¾硣
Ƿǳ׵䣬ȶΪվûԼΪȹ̣ԣúķʱ乮¾硣
£طת̫ľнâֶǿʢһƵĲһʼļǿ㡣
ʱһΣתۼһ¹ȥ
һ֮Ľɫ÷ǳºͣ÷ǳƽȣ۷弶εΪԳ׵ȹ
ˡ
˫ۣվ
վɨһˣ֣˷ӢǾڰ벽⣬ˣѾﵽ߶ȡ
ڻصԺȥ
ʵ
ǸûȥˡѧԺòѰһżϻаʱͻõԺӽȥ
ѧԺһżһõԺӽ£ѾʲôܣѧԺĵӶѾ֪
˵Ǿʲôż
ʵ
ڣ˵ǵĳѾĹȺļĹأһĹһƬĹǿߵĹǻྪ˵Ʒ˵ţֵȻΣҲܴ󣬱ϾȺĹ֮аɲ١
ȺĹǿߵĹУ
⻰һ˶ǲɵЩ졣
˵

ǾͻصѧԺȥ׼ȥƬż쿪ڣֿһ𣿡
ң
ЩƤգۣͬʱҲԵЩĶˡ
Ȼ
Ц
һЦǾһȥ
á
ͷ
£һ뿪طûжñǻصѧԺڡ
ڵѧԺڣĵԺӲ٣ʱ죬Сֹʲô
ûʲôͰӢۺƵһ𣬺ܿѡڵԺڵľ
ǵľ⣬һվŰ߱۰򣬸һҰԵĸо
ǾۼһЩѧԺӣվںԶط
죿
컹ڣȿˣˣһǿƵԡ
˭
쵭Į
Է̬Ⱥܲ٣Է֪ܲûʲô⡣
ǧĦɰ壬ΪǿưԵԱ߿ڣ˶ٺ󣬲˵Եǰҵʵ߸ҼҲĶ֡
⻰Ͱ˶ǲɵöݣǰ˾Ȼһ壬Ҹ߾Ӱɰ߸˵Ķ֣
Ҫ֪ǾڰɰߣʵǿĺܣǶĿá
ǿ߸סǧĦ
ôԷõжǿ
壿
쿴ųǧĦ΢˫ۣһĨâһû
̴ǰʧжԶԶ
ʮʱϾƹѰֿĲл꣬Ѱˮ֮Ծһڵ֣ҪϾƹˮ֮ǸʱǸȻϾƹ׸ɱˣȻҲѾڵǸ廹ǺܲˬŶҲûʲôøС
񣬳ǧĦվǰΪ壬ŲƣȻܶԶԷʲô̬ȡ
⣬ˡ
Ȼ֪Ҳǿƣû뵽ôǿƣȻֱӽǸǧĦжԶԶǡ
ǿǰɰĳ𰡣ɲǼȵˣ
ܣһڵԺĻ˲ɵӡ


1769 ֵǣ׼
ĻǧĦɵ˫ۣһ㣬·ܹᴩؼһУһּΪ˵ĸо
죬֣һ
ˣһҰԡ
ĸףȥ
컹ڣ
ˣȻԺڣǵľţҪɵʵǽĲᡣ
ǧĦƫͷֱ⣬ɱһն
һʱ䣬ʮյķ飬Ϣ֯˻ģٲȻɱС
ֱֱɱ֣ܴ
ǵԺӣǧĦɱ˶ԷҲᵣܵԺ
⡭ȷǡ
˵
֮죬ֻתۼѣǧĦǰٶȿ켫Ƹǿɲ̺ŵƣ·˲һ
ֱ̧֣һ£͵һǧĦ顣
䣺
ǧĦһֲп͸߸ϣ
˵⻰ҪԼĶһ㣬ǿƺͰԵԸһࡣ
ˣֱӳѧԺȥԼá
Ķܼ򵥣ٶȴǿ켫ֻתۼѱ߳˵Ժ
ĵѧԺڲٵӵۡ
߳Ժ֮⣿
˼óǧĦȥһս
˼
ľ
ǰŸ߳ѧԺҹһս¶ԬƸᣬ룬ûȥãҪ߳Ժһս
ңһΣǰɰĳǧĦǿɱ߰˸ҹǿ
ǧĦЦĶ
䣬һǿѧԺֱһȭȥ
ˣ
һ죬һȭǼ򵥵֮仹Ż֮ΪеϢԿһھǿɱͨˡ
ûκһĻ̧־һǻȭ
תۼ䣬ȭֱײһ𣬿ģܵĿռƬƬıը
һȭԣ¡
Ǹ죬ȻȻסǸǧĦһȭ⣬⡭
ѧԺڣʿľǧĦ壬߾ӰɰȻδ񾳣ȴҲǲˣȭǳ£񣬾
ȻҲɵöݣǸǧĦֻ壬˵һżѰһ޴˵еĻѪҲޱǿᣬ嶼ϷֺȭԾ֮£Ȼ˿
죬һԾ
ǣͬûܱСǿǾǸ˸ЩղһȭͱСӸˡ
˵
֪Ϊֻ壬ǧĦΪԻѪ͹壬ǿȣͬ޷ȡ
ôΪʲô
⻰Щ棬ͬڣǿˣǶ޷ȣ
Ϊֵģ
Ӣۺĵ

Ц
ѾǻˣҲ⽫ֻ¸߸Ͼֻ¹ش
ŵѧԺ⣬ųǧĦǲˬ˶٣ֵǣ׼ţҸᣬһȥ
һȥʲô˼
Щԡ
ЦһȺ˵һ
⻰ɵ죬е
׻ǺЦүϲĵ
У
ЦŵѧԺ첻϶ȭĳǧĦȻҲǺܲˬ
ѽ
С̫˻СצӣٲȻͬ˼
û˵ʲôȴҲûгԡ
ǶͬһĹսѣһ˵ĵˣ˵ĵˡ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ѧԺ֮⣬ȭͷײͳǧĦȭʮղϱѣһƬƬռͻ
ȭ֮ȫƽɫ
ܺãɱºмֵ
ǧĦٴ̧֣ȭѹ¡
춯򵥣ȭӶȭ
飡
飡
飡
˵ȭͷһδײһ𣬴ϵһһİݱ顣
ĿĮȴЩݣǧĦﵽ񾳽磬ȴȻƴȭʵЩԾ
ȳԾҲֻһ˲ѣһָ̣ٳԾ
ϾԷڰɰûʵǷô
ˣ
ӡâ֯ʮ
ͬʱȭ߶ĸǿҲһʩչɫ罻֯Ӳ׹䣬Է
ܲ
ǧĦЦͷ˿裬ͬһսħһ㣬Լʶӭϣǿҫʮ


1770 
ɫӡӡ֮ɫˣֱӽطʮռȫУƺƵĳŶĳǧĦѹ¡
ͬʱǧĦʶӭ
˵תײһ
һʱ䣬һܵһȫըֱһɹɴ籩
úúãеĻҪնɱļֵ
ǧĦЦ
Įһֱӽֻͼ𣬲ǧĦʱ䡣
ֻͼһһʥϢӿʮռ侶ֱ
ǧĦ΢ۣӭͼȻһ˿ѹ
˼
Ц
һ̣һƬʵĴ𣬽ľˮֲͬɵ˸֯˵Ϣ·Խһжѹ
ǡ죿
ǸǧĦֱӳ򣿣
Ϣ棬ǡ
ѧԺڣһڵԺӶݡ
ǧĦ壬ɰʱһսֱӳ
ǿֶΣ
Ժ⣬պ¡¡ǧĦ죬ֱѹȥķƬʵĴѹ䣺һ㽫õǿ
¡¡ģƵϢתۼѹ䵽ǰˡ
ޱ飬ܣֱӳֻͼϡ
һ̣ವһֱӴڴжǧĦǰ
һĻʱĳǧĦɫһ䣬ȻЧ
ͬʱԺһڵҲʧɫ
֮ǰҹ츳ͨûãڣҲã⣬ô£
𾪣벻ͨ
ѧԺ⣬ǧĦͫ𣺡ʲô
ˣ죬ͬʱٺˣѹֻͼЩ¡
ҪɱҶʲộ
˵ʲô
ǧĦӵøӱˣһͷ׺Ұް㡣

ظֻͼδɢһѹԷ
ǧĦӾֱޱȲпᣬڷ裬ɱˣ
һʮɵ𣬵âˣͬʱʶʮͨһ໥ںϣкɫӿûһͷѪˡ

춯أתۼʮɵʶʮͨںһ𣬻һͷӾ˵ʷˣ졣
ңҲһ뵽ͷʷ֮УϢøǿ
ǣ
ԣǧĦԻѪ壬һЩ˵Ȼ£
ǡ˵ں֮
ѧԺڣһڵӲɵýһΪǧĦչֳļ¡
ͬһʱ䣬о˾޴вǧĦ΢
ıȴ˿䣬н֯տտ⡣
һֻͼ߶ĸǿ漴ɵȻɵӿתۺֻͼںΪɵֻͼңӡҲӭԷ
תۼ䣬ײһ
ģܵգƬƬ̮תۼ佫û
һ̣Ӱͬʱɡ
Ѫ˴룬Ѫ졣
һߣǧĦҲûкõȥǰӱ飬ͷ­ѿˡ
ͣǸǧĦ£
ҹһսŹȥûöѣսǿôࣿ
ѾԿȰɰĳǧĦˣ
ѧԺڣԺľ𺧡
죬ܺã
ǧĦ˵ƹ⣬ͺһתۼؾ۳ٴγ졣
ã
ɵĵܣӭϡ
ǧĦǿ󣬱Ϊ壬ԡ˵ѪǱøˣôǿֻ壡
ңǰãڴﵽ۷壬սԷֻһС̨Ϊ£սڶԷ
ˣ
Ӷȭȭ죬תۼֺͳǧĦײһ
¡¡ģ߶ܵճƬƬ̮
ûã˱սȻ׶Ρ
ҲʱѧԺڣһĨ⣬Цֵǣϣ
˵ţһ˳ȥٶȿ켫תͳǧĦսУֱӳǿĴƺƵĳųǧĦѹ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ƺͷӢ۵˶ˣҲ⣬ȫ˳ȥ
ơ׻ֱӳʶΪ߶ѹסʮ
䣡
꣬֯˵֮
Ӣûдﵽ߶ȣȴҲﵽ˰벽Ҳʱ߶ɽ׳ۻ룬ǳˡ
ѽ
С̫һ˫츳ػƺˡ
еɱһųǧĦѹ䡣
ôɱںһʹ콻ĳǧĦһɵ΢ǡ


1771 ܲ
ӿâƵ츳ͨһѹ䣬Ƽˡ
ǧĦһʱ䶯ݣŭӣٺˡ
ս˰Ȼ׶ΣѾķѲ٣ʱӭϰһ˵ǿսͨѹ䣬һ
⣬ǣȺˡȫȥˣȻһһǧĦ
ǿ
ɽһУȻ壿
ѧԺڣһڵԺӳԾ
Уһ֪һеİΪ壬룬ʱȻֿ˷Ӣô塣
һ壬Щˡ
ѧԺ⣬Щ⣬û뵽˾ȻΧǧĦˡ
һǴЦ
䣡
̫ľһʱתޣɵֻͼٴγѹǧĦ
ͬһʱ䣬ӡȭ̫ӡͻȴҲһ𣬻һɱ󣬽ʮռȫѵء
ǧĦǿ󣬿ӭͰһ˵ĹʱҲɵͷƤ΢ϾУС̫Ͳټϰ壬֮ţϲٵԼ벽巶ӢۣĹݣݲʧɫٺˡ
ֻǣ񱩵Ĺ֮£ٶٿ죬Ҳȫرܿ
ۣ
̫ӡؿڣֱӽ顣
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ػУɻӰһҲײڳǧĦϡ
һΣǧĦըһʱ仯Ѫ
һĻĵѧԺһڵӸɵһ

ǧĦ겻𣬴ŭͺ𣬷ɿؾ
ϢĻᣬŪ
еǴѹ䡣
Ҳ˲ĵرһʵı仯٣ǿĴѹ䣬ȻֻǴڣҲǺˡ
ն
ڣͳУһվ׵аνâʮɳնһС
ﬣ
ʶڣ޾зɳʵ֯ǳ˵
ͬһʱ䣬С̫׻Ӣ۵̳֣ǿɱѹ䡣
㲻Ҫ𣿸㣡
쿪ڣֱӽɵ𣬳ȫתֱӱɹ⡣
ȺɹɫȥʥѹױȵĿϢ·΢Сһƾѹһ硣
ӭôĹͨؾеĳǧĦɵһǡ
ɭŭЯйǣٺܡ
ߣһʱͨͨʮռ֣һ̳ڳǧĦϣֱӾһǻȭ¡
ˣ
һȭΪȫܽһʵ綼һ㣬˵㡣
ۣ
ǧĦδؾ۶һʱ䱻ķ飬һλѪ
ͬʱͰ˺һطˣֱӽǧĦй֡

ǧĦŭֱ˴󴴡
ವһУ곷ӿת۾۳ٶȿľˡ
ңҲһٶȻظ׳֮ǰܵȫûд󰭡
ԣǣѵǡܲ𾭣
ڹһڳʥ߽в֮ܣ˵ǻĹǰһλǧĦһżѰ
ĳǿָóǧĦڲ֮أܿɲ
ѧԺڣһڵӶݡ
ܲ𾭣
΢΢΢ȻѧԺЩӵĻƺ̫֮ͬ
棬ǧĦѾؾ۳ӱüΪˣͷڷҵ趯
ǡܺã
һˣ⣬һС
˵ү˺õĺܣ
Цһѹ䡣
ǣɰΣΣԡѪΣŪҲ㶪棬
׻ʶһͷԻһֱӳǧĦ
桢ӢۺƵҲһ֣Ǿɱ
ɵֻͼ𶯣˶һ콣ɱǧĦϡ
ܲ壬ǵĹûãգ
ǧĦܲתɫԻ壬Ҳɱ졣
΢ۣѪɫԻ̫תѪɫ滯ɱ⣬ȭ콣ɵֻͼڣ˵ĴУһųǧĦɱȥ
ת۶ѣ˵һڴ䵽ǧĦǰɵֻͼǧĦĹɱȭ콣âһȵڳǧĦϡ
ۣ
ѪˮɽǧĦһʱɣֱӷըЩĿġ
ûã
ǧĦӱɫܲתʼ޸塣
Ȼһ̣ɫΪ޸ٶȲ죬ܲ𾭾Ȼδһ̷Чã·ܵʲô谭


1772 һ
ܲ𾭾ȻԷãʹóǧĦɫ΢䡣
ʲô
캮
֪ʱܲΪʲôԷãǴӱΪһǺйϵ
¡
Ц
˵ţֱӱƹȥһǻȭ¡
ʵϣͬǧĦ²ǰ㣬ܲʱԷãȷʵǺйأ֮ǰܲ𾭺̫ƺͬǷת̫Ƿת̫֮Ͱһ˵֮ͨڣкѹܲ𾭵Чãǳĳɹ
һ̣ǧĦܲ𾭣ȫûá

һȭѹ䣬ʮռ䵱顣
ͬһʱ䣬˵һѹ䣬ʮռ䶼ں¡¡ҡ
ǧĦͷڷ裬һ׿ĸоˡ
Ϊһ˵ĺǳˡ
ʲô
̡
ͨһ̳ڳǧĦһȭѹ¡
˵һһȭ£ʮռҡ顣
һ̣һȭڰ˵֮ͨ£ֱڳǧĦϡ
ۣ
ѪˮɽǿһȭֱʹóǧĦɣӵը鿪
첽Ӳ䣬ٴֻͼӡʶһ𣬱ܣƺƵĳųǧĦѹ䡣

еһγ
ͬʱ˸ǿͨ񱩵ܽʮռŸ
ǧĦУԵǱǳܳǿʶ󣬵ȴǸסһˣϾС̫Ƕָ򵥣һȺ˺һ𣬾ɱҲ⡣
ѧԺڣһڵԺӸľǿĳǧĦȻΧŹˡ
ȻЩĿࣺЩһǡ
䣡
ѧԺ⣬𶯣ʮռ䲻ϵı飬Ѫˮ
ǧĦһδα飬ȴʼղ࣬һһ۳ȻܲԷЧãҲӵżµĻָ
˵ᣡ
ĥ
˵ţһǴѹ䡣
ɵֻͼͬʱɵƵʮɻԣҲһѹ
۵һһΣǧĦ飬Ϣʱ˲١
úնȫ
ٴؾ۳һ۽֯İ֮⣬Ϣʧԭء
û뵽ǰǿ󣬾ȫС̫ҲټϰһΧܲʧЧԵסһˡ
һĻǿĵѧԺһӽ𺳡
ǸǧĦ壬ɰͬҹǼ˰㡭ˣ
Щһŵӡ
ѧԺ⣬Խ֯ǧĦӰ·Ƭռ˰㡣
ӣ
ߣۣͬʱ˫ֽӡʮռڶʱƸֱֶӷʮһһӰǳǧĦ
ǧĦͫ׽㡭
ˣ
ûκηϻֱӾһǻȭѹ䡣
ڷһΧɱǧĦĹУѾ˳ԷԵסƶԷӣһսһܿӡһڷƣڳǧĦͼһ̽Щƿһʱ佫ʮռϣֱӽԷض¡
ɱŪ
С
һ֣ɣ
׻
߶ѾﵽΣҶǺ֣ԸĵرȻֻǴڣսȴǿֲĺܣͨһâӿ
ն
ƿڣնһڳܼĽƺҪʮռ䶼ѹ
ֱӽɵںϣ潫ʶɵںϣӢ۽ɵɽʶںϣСֱ̫ӳػһųǧĦѹ䡣
¡¡ģֲĻӿһʱ佫ʮռȫѹķ顣

ǧĦ̲סŭͬʱŲҽУֱӱ񱩵һκϻķ飬ȻҲһЩϢһӾͱ˲١
ವһݳһߣɿؾ۳ĿһƬɭһһ㣬пĶͰһˡ
ӴȥҪ˻үүǣŵ
׻
ûκһϻɵֻͼڵһʱһμƵʥԼϣֱųǧĦֶ¡
һ̣ͷ͵һһɾҵΣճļ䡣
£ֱֹסŲ˳ȥԶ
Сӣôˣ
⡣
漴һ̣һϢֱӽطʮռ֣·Ҫ綼סһ㣬һ
ͬʱӢۺƵ˶΢𣬾ǿС̫ǲ⡣
ҲʱǧĦͷĲ񷼫ߴһڹеӰԻӶһˣᣬű亮⡣
񣡡
Ƥһ


1773 Ժǿ߳
쿴Ųϣͷɵһһ񾳵ǿ߾Ȼ˳ǧĦͷϿա
Σ񾳽ĴڣΪǧĦ߼йϵ
ͬһʱ䣬ƺͷӢ۵ҲǿӰǶݡ
ѧԺڵһڵԺӣҲǲɵľϾ񼶱ǿߣڻǷǳټġ
΢΢ۣǲΪ˵ǿݣϾת֮ˣȻȱʧĺȴϡǵãԼǿ
档
ҲʱǧĦڣŲϵǵӰ
⻰һطһǲɵ붯ݡ
棿
ǧĦм𣿣
⡭û˵°
ң֪УȴѧԺ⣬ƺûĸ񾳵ǿ߰ʮϵǿҲֻа벽ѡ
ǰɣô
һڵԺӳԾ
ǺܶԡʱԺڣһԺӿڣΪһ벽ϣȴѧԺ⣬ȷʵûκһǿߣǧĦ֮ˣļʥӣ磬ҹǵݡ
⻰һطһʿǶݣ⡭
˿ǧĦĿⲻɵЩ˸
ȷʵһֱ˶ֻ֪ǧĦΪ塢ΪɰԡѪȴû֪ǧĦݣǽ֮Ϊ֮ˡ
ʵϾΣЩû֪ѧԺĸ߲Ӧ֪ȻԺ߲ȴҲûȥһ˵
ѵĳļʥӣ
ǿڣûĴ壬ΨһĿԾĳ巽ſ񡣡
⡭
ľ
ѧԺ⣬һҲľųǧĦһˣ΢
һļʥӣ
ĥ
ʥӣĳһν̳ߡ
С͡ʥӡȵȼƴڵģֻһЩӵֻһĴ磬ڣһЩ򲢲ڡ͡ʥӡȴ硣
΢ǰȥҲԿ϶ˣǧĦĳġʥӡ
˻صԺȥ
԰˵
һ񼶵ǿ߳طԺͳǧĦйأǼڵѧԺ⣬ǳΣա
£һֱӺˡ
ˣ
ʱ𶯣ϣڹеӰһߣֱӶּ֣֮⣬գƺƵĳһѹ¡
ɫͺһһչʩչǲһһԾ˲ԶѧԺԵֱӿ뵽ѧԺ֮ڡ
ȻڹеӰ̽Ĵӡûоʹֹסֱ̽ѧԺ֮ڣֱӽһܵĿռסһץ¡
һĻʹõԺڵһڵӽԾ
ˡȻڵԺΧڶ֣
һ
Ҳɫϵڹе˻Ƕֱ֣кѧԺˣ˵Ժ֮ڣΪܰȫˣȴ룬ԷȻɲͣ¹ӡ̽˵Ժ֮ڡ
ϰ鳣
ŭ
¡¡ģʮռ𶯣ڹеӰѹµĴƺǿ

ʱһĮӵԺ
͵һѹ˵ڹӡֱӱķ顣
ͬһʱ䣬ڹӰһɣڹֱɢȥ¶һѪ۵ӣѪˮӿ
棡
ǧĦݣæ˹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ѧԺһڵľͰҲǸ𺳡
ֻ֣һĴӡҽԷĿѪɣǺεȿµ
Ҳڰ벽

Ŀ˸ѧԺǵѧԺгǿС
ѧԺ⣬Ѫ꿴ѧԺѪļ֮ɫ
ûܼʱֹסƣ˹ԺΧڣ¡
˳ŵԺ΢΢ûΪԼ˶Ǹ
´ٷ
ĮӵѧԺûʲô
ǣˣ
ѪӦɲκεĲͷ亹ð
䣬ؿڣɨһۣкǧĦ뿪
ǧĦһˣĿĿϣסҵģʱĴЩӣһὫ֮ȡУ
ȻһЦôԷ
׻ֱӳղŲƨ̱ˣȻҽһûжĸо˶٣ŵ˵һֱǲҪģŴһ塮Ҫԣ


1774 ɰһ
׻ĻѾ߳һξĳǧĦɵͣعͷѧԺڵİ׻ɭп᣺Ҫ
Уɱ㻢үүվﲻǻүӡ
׻վڵѧԺ
ܣһڵԺĿ࣬׻ǷʣȻһٶĳǧĦǳǧĦǿĺܰʱ򣬶Էڵһǿ߻ֱš
ǧĦӱɨ۰׻ֱת۾ߣ׻ڵѧԺ֮ڣﶯ֡
ߡ
ߵ΢һŤųǧĦתۼʧԭء
ܵ죬
׻ĵ
û˵ʲô̧ͷѧԺջĿ⡣
߰ɡ
кһˣԼһ˵ľȥ
󣺡ȺŹ԰
ǵһȺ

б
һ뿪ܿλá
׼һ£ԺֵǴżܿҪˡ

˶ǵͷʼ׼ͬʱҲԼǰΪ
ʱһΣת۱һ¹ȥ
ˣ
һ죬ѧԺһλõ䳡ڣԺǿ߿ʼټеԺǰ
ͬУܿ䳡
ʱ䳡ѾܼӰԼǧˣǳĶǴɲΡ
ЩǵѧԺĵӣһЩһЩĴ硣
һطڵһʱǸо˼ɱ˵ɱ⡣
˳żɱ⿴ȥ˳ǧĦҹ䡢ԬƸ棬Ŀⶼϣҹ䡢ԬƸ΢ۣһ㡣
ǧĦǿƶԵֱӸճһĨӵĶơ
⼸˵ûİ
Ц
ǶСӵĺܰĲŹˡ
Ʒۡ
쿴⼸ˣȻ֪ûģȴûκα仯
ʱطȺ
ԶһԵЩĬĬĬվ䳡һǡ
Ị̄
١ɰһڣ
˵Ŀʱ¶ΪĪ̵ϣǾη
ҹ䡢ԬƸ⣬ʱԵúء
ǧĦĿƿĪϣӱˣâտտһ˵սڶ𣬾ԱߵһȺѧԺӶһæ˿
ĿʱҲĪϣԷǳĬԵЩƧϵϢȴǷǳˣһ޵Ԩһ㣬ܽһжɡ
ˡ°
׻ʱͫһ
ҲˣʱỊ̄ǲɵöݡ
˵նһ񡣡ڣ˶٣˳ĳµ壬Ҳ˵߱ĳ켶ѪʵΣֻеѧԺ߲
ն񣿣
ۡ
ȻͰ˶һΪԽǵ˺棬󾳽С̨׼սǶܴĪ̾ȻڵΪնɱⲻò˵Щֲš
ǿ󣡡
˫ĿҲǲɵоâ֯
Ҳʱ䳡ڣһ۵߳֡
׼崫ͣŵֻͬҡ˿ڣͬһ໥֮󲻻ɢʱ䡣
⻰һ˶Ƕݣ½һ˵ϵ
ͬʱǧУͬѵˣҲڵһʱ佫һ
ʱ䵽߰ɡ
߿ڡ
䣬ߴһӡطʱ佻֯ƬƬӣӷ⣬ǧĵѧԺӰУһ̱һʧԺ֮ڡ
ֻоҰúڰûȥñеĹ֡
һ˴Ӻڰд²ʵʵϡ
ȥĿһƬĻԭԵЩɭ䣬ЩطŵƮš
ǴżһƬɭɭĵطһĳѨһ㣡

Ժ⴦ż󣬱и߲ǿֶνƬ˴ӡڵԺڽеԺӴУΪԺӵһ֮ءڣǿߵĹúѰѰ
ͷʼܡ
ͨǴŵطֻһˣɢǿͬεĿһ㣬ܵȥ̽Ѱܡ
¡
ͻȻط𶯣һɭɭӵصӿ


1775 񼶹
𶯣һƵɭϢӿҲ֮ѿһͷʬˡ
۷ˡ
һ΢΢ݡ
֪طһĹĹȺ൱ǸȺʬ壬ваȴҲû뵽սһĹĵطȻôһͷ۷弶ɵĸʬӵص
˵ⷽżڷǳգǿаĿƻܲ١
𣡡
ʬͬҰް˻ֱһˡ
쵯ָһâָɳ˲ϢƵʬǰüļһ
͵һһɺѪʬӦء
Ͼֻǿ۷ɶѣ۷壬Ըܼ򵥡
ߣ
ʵ
ȥƬռȻģȴǳһʱ仹治֪ߡ
߰ɣ߱߿

£һ˴У뿪ԭأѭһȥ
һۣʱȥ
ʱ䣬г˺Զ;˲аʲôǿҲͿȳѣ򵥵ĽңУҲֲĹǷǳ򵥵Ĺͷ׽Ĺ࣬ûκмֵ֮
һû⣬ʱܳ㣬Ǽߣ߱̽ѰƬռ䡣
䣡
ʱǰеķϣԶһ˵ĺɫ
ȥն˲Ⱦ˺ɫ
Ϣ纣һǸطӿ
һ˵ݣ￴ȥ
ô˵ϢòǿߵĹ֣˰ɣ
˫۷
ǳһ㣬һ˴Ĺִ򿪺ĳԴ˺ϤΪһʱٴĹܶȳ
пܡ
ͷ
ʵ̫ŨˣԶԶĿŶоЩƤ˶ԣǵȷʵпǴϵǿߵĹѨ
ǻʲôϽȥ
׻קצӣһ˷ܣֱĶǸط
ȻǿߵĴĹô;Իྪ˵ıأ
ߡ
ͷкһˣ±ǳȥ
һΪٶȺܿ죬°ʱ֮ء
ȥǰһ޴Ĺ꣬ռҲ֪жô㣬ϿӡĹ䣬ʱ򣬹ϵһǱˣйĺɫгһֱطĲϡ
𣡡
˻ڻصӹڳú󣬳ɶӵг˳
ЩɲͨˣͫѪһƬ֮࣬ÿһԿȽɼǿߡ
ĹڣȻôܿȽɵЩ˰ɣ
׻ۡ
һĹнɼô˵£гĿȽɵǾЩˡ
˵۷񼶵аүҲȫŰ
ҲǶݡ
𣡡
˻𣬷·Ǵڤڳź嫵а档
طմһ̾Ҫ
Ϣò˵Щˡ
ಣ
ƿʱطѾ˲ٵĵѧԺӣʱ˶ֱӳŹƿһǳնһ
һʱ䣬͵ģƬ飬ٻҡ
ವƿϵطĵѧԺҲˣǹڳȥĲһ㣬ر
󣬴ӹڳת۾ͱȫն˸ɾѪ
Դˣһ˿Ҳ⣬ϾѧԺĵӿɸţɼΣҪĨɱȽɵһȺֱ̫ڼˡ
ߣҲȥ

˵ţкͷӢ۵һˣֱӳŹ鿪ȱڿȥ
ܿ죬һ˴ȱڿ֮ڡ
ʼһ꣬ʱһƬǿ춼׹ѵĸо
껹ǲһ㰡ŵǸһڰɣ
׻ֹ
˵ã֮ǲ򵥾Ͷˡ

ʱǽ꣬ĹڵĿռǳ㣬·Գһ㣬ĹĹڶīʯطӡкܷµ䡣
ϽģĹң
˫һƬ
һԣĹ̺мֵ䱦ǱĹĹҡ
߱ҡ
ô
ۣܿĹܶ࣬ѡһкӢۺƵȥ
ܿ죬гȥԶڵĿԼøɭЩ

ʱǰҽ޾Ŀ־壬ͬʱ˵


1776 һʯѪ
Ĳҽһ˶ǲɵöݡ
Ҫ֪ĿɶǵѧԺĵӣɣҸţȼǿߣڽ󣬾ĲҽС
һ̣ǰͨ䣬һȾѪų֡
ңң
˿ˣȡ
Ҳʱһֻźɫָ׵ĹצӺڰֱ̽ӽ˵ŹᴩһŹȵ౻ץ˳ȥʬҲһڰ֮УﴫĲҽУ漴ҽʧи°͸°͵ͬͷ
һĻһͷƤһ
ղţǸһ벽ȴȻ׵ľͱˡ
ڣǶڰеаʲôģֻֻצ
Ҳа
׻
µһ˲䣬ǰڰнѪˮ֮ǰĹצٴֱ̽ĳһץ
Ȼڰеаһˣʱһ˵
צǸ⣬Ŷָ೤ʮ񽣡
һطĿռֱӱǱˡ
ת۶ѣצ쵽һǰ
̧֣֯ɫ⣬һץסצ󣬴ֱӸ֡
ﵽ۷壬ΪһҲӵ۷弶ܣңȻ汾Ϳа֮ɲǼǽצȼķ顣
ڰд˻ͷ˵Ұޣһߵа͵˳
ۿȥаͷ­ԵЩªźɫɷϵĿռ䶼ʴ͵졣
𣡡
˻𣬼ѪɷһͷҰһ㣬ֱӳһ
ڼǿˡ

˵ţָᵯֱһ콣ն۵һаնķ顣
߰ɡ
˵
һʿаԣûʲôˡ
кһˣڵĹУģԽԽ䣬Ҫһж㡣
ܿ죬ǰǵҰгֲӰǵѧԺĵӣǰ˲ǿЩԺڼͨԸɱ
ߵطĹֻʣһֱͨ
𣡡
а˻˺ܶ࣬ҸǷǳǿߣĶ١
еĵѧԺӴԼ࣬ǿߣܿһ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
һڵѧԺٶȼ죬ٳ
кһˣҲȥ
ĹߣеøŨѪƮ˳
ǰһڵԺӺͣǰУһɫ䡣
ôͣʲôˣ
档
ǰ

ǰкһǰȥ
ǰѧԺһڵӿһǲɵһ·ʵ֮ǰսڿ£ȫͰɰĳǧĦ⣬ûм˻᲻ɵ
Щ˵ļɵû⣬ֱߵǰ󣬵Ϊ֮һ
ȥǰһӣѪˮ֯ŷǳ˵Ѫζ
ͬһʱ䣬ѪˮĿڣһʯ׸ڱ棬һѪơ
һĻ˶΢
˭£ŪôһѪأȻһڹײ棿
׻ۡ
ǰһĻôô죬ôô顣
ۣƽ֯˫УѪڣһ
뿪ˣ
ֱӺȵһڵԺ뿪ҵһʱһ˺ˡ
ôˣ
ΪʲôҪˣ
ԺӲ⡣
󣬾һ̣һ촫Ѫڣʯֱӱ˿
һƵһ鲼ëӰп˳ӳѪɫ֫ɫףɢŵаϢ˵㣬Ť
£طһڵԺӸһǸоӰĿֲͬʱҲղΪͻȻ뿪ڵһʱ˳롣
ߣ
˽еԼٶˡ
һʱ䣬ವģطĵѧԺתۼ˳ȥ롣
ҲʱʯпĺëʬӰХͬ鲣Ħһ㣬ǳĴ̶
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һЩûü뿪ѪظĵѧԺӣֱӱըһƬѪˮƮڿУɫʬëʬӰһſڣɵС
һĻطһʿһǺëʬӰϢ塣
Ȼһ۷ʯеӰҲݣ֮ǰ۸ʯ׿ëʬ壬оĿ£ȴҲû뵽㾪ˡ
ԿȰ벽񼶵ǿˣ
˿Һ


1777 Ī̳
ʯпӰ˺ɫëѪɫԳħ㣬Ϣˡ
һʮԺӱ飬һɣȳʵסһˡ
ˣ
˴Щ
ವģһԺԸٶȳ룬ߺëʬŻˡ
һ˵ٶҲܿ죬ת۱ȥԶ
𣡡
ʬͫˣ߰ɭɭĿɨһˣ漴һϣֱӳȥ
ȥôˣôƫƫ׷ˣ
׻һ¡
Ǻëʬ׷ط궼Ϊ֮𶯣һаҲһ·Ǻëʬհ㣬׷Է
ӦǸӦһ˵Ѫǻǿʢ׷Ƕ

˵⻰֣һɫ⡣
׹а֮żĿת۱ѹ䵽Ǻëʬϡ
Ȼëʬʵ̫ǿˣɫȫԶԷûá
𣡡
ëʬ˻ٶȸ죬ӹٶȷǳ졣
󣬳Ƭţһһ㣬ѹˡ
Ȼ棬ò˵Щˡ
һ˶֣ͨһëʬƽһźëʬһͨ
۵ըһͨһ˵ͨ»ҽ
ںëʬȴȫûãֻ΢΢ԷĽŲ
𣡡
һ˻𣬺ëʬת۳һ˽ǰӿϢǿԽһжš
ɫһʱɵֻͼ֯嫺ϣŶԷӭȥ
һɵֻͼںëʬϣʹúëʬһġ
Ҳֻһ˲ѣһ̣ëʬһѹһ˽ǰ
һ𹥻
ɵֻͼٴγʮռҡٴλԷ
ͬһʱ䣬˽ԼǿֶΣëʬ
ëʬһαȥʮԶһץסᣬԶ롣
һ̣ӿٴӿ𣬺ëʬһγһ
@#׷вУ

û˵ʲôһԸٶ룬ʵëʬЩֲ濹⣬ǺҲֻȫ
תۼѣ˳ȥԶ
ʱǰڰнŲ𣬺ƽȣһ˹
ˣ쵱ݡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳɫ΢
ǸɰһỊ̄Ҳꣿ
׻
Ļո£ವһ󷽵ĺëʬٶȱǣֱӴһԳʱûˣֱĪȥ
ѪΪһĿ꣡
ƤһĪ̴ڣѪԱǻ٣ǺëʬǶỊ֮̄ǰĲ²⣬ٲȻǶԵϡ
ֹסŲĿⶢǰ
ʱëʬٶȿˣһαǳ嵽Ī̽ǰһ·ɭɭĺХĺɷȫӿһ̽ʬצĪץȥ
Ī̺ܳĬûʲô仯Ҳûб仯·ûпĺëʬ㣬ֱӴӹɱĶԷ߹ȫûбԷĹצС
䲽ɺƽ·ûп˰㣬һ߹
󷽣ëʬûжˣ·𱻶ס˰㡣
һ̣Ī̴һȫ߹ʱ۵һëʬֱըһƬƬĺɫҽɢ
⣬⣬⡭
׻˵ˣëը
ԱߣҲʧɫ
Ȼǿ죬ƤҲɵúݺһ
ǺëʬԿȰ벽ǿߣǸղŹỊ̄Ī̴߹ûпĪ̳֣ǣǺëʬͱٵˡ
Ǻεս
ۣ̲ס˿Һɰһնɱ񣬹Ȼ鴫
հհ͵ĽŲĹصĪ̲ƽܿʧǰ
쿴ɵ˸ֱ󣬷Ǳƽ
Ҳȥ
˵
ȥʲô
׻΢ɡ
бıʲô
׻ۣүû˰ɣǸĪڣܵõʲô
ûϢĪ뿪ķ򣬵ʵһĶΪ裬Ҳ²⣬ӦʲôĿĽ꣬ΪڵЩƷ
Ϊʲôô˵
ôһ˵׻ɵ΢һԵҲǲɵ΢΢ݡ
Ϊʲôֱѡ

˵ţкһˣֱӳŹȥ
ǰˣȻȥ
ϣ²ǰ㡣׻˶Щ棬˵֮ǰǺëʬô£һѪһʯףȥ˹Ϊ֮


1778 Ī
һôһѪأһʯ׷ڣôżȻ
ӦǽĹֹ걻ƻ
׽ͨ࣬Ĺжøֻ壬ΪһǿߵĴĹ꣬ãǳ
кһˣȥ
ܿ죬Ǿ֮ǰǷѪڣѪڵѪˮ֯Ũɷһû⣬ֱգϷᴩȥѪض档
ߡ
һȥ
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱ䣬Ⱥ˲аǿĿ۷ˣûʲôˣܼ򵥵Ľ
ʱһǰҰÿһ޴İȳǰڸֹľ͹ʯʣ֯һƵĹԡ
ȶλãһľնһֱ۰ֵڿС
ǾĹĹ餣
˫һ
ȥӦþ

˵⻰ƫͷⷽȵλãﻹһˣȻỊ̄˿̱ǣһ֯׹ĳأž˵ȸС
˿̣ĳһ˿˿Īӿ
ǧڽ𣡡
ݡ
ȻҲ˳ǿΪǧڽΪһַǳģȻȲϻ쾧ռͱʥϣͱĲȴҪǿܶࡣ
ǷĳػһΪһ׵أǸӦǷ׵أ֮ǧڽͱ

ĺµǰ㣬ΪıΪ¡
׻ۡ
ʱĹĹ餾ǸλãĪȴǿûж࿴һֻۣרע׳شĥǧڽû⵽һˡ
쿴ˣ˶ٺ󣬿ĹλãкƵ˹ȥ
ܿ죬һ֮
ڹЩ޴ͨ餶ԣҪϲ屶֮ࡣ
֪Щʲô
׻Щ
Ϊ֮ǰͷëʬԭ򣬽һڵѧԺʱѾڣطֻһ˺ͰɰһỊ̄ĪȻڹڵĶûκȤԣһжΪС
򿪣
Ҳ˫۷Ź⡣
ǰ۴һȷûʲôΣպ󣬷Ƕ֣Ź餵ضϣסľ餣СĽ֮ӿн¡
һȷ˷ûʲôΣպǶ֣餵Ĺ׸Ǹ򿪡
Ź餸һ򿪣һʱŸֱ⽻֯
ڣһߵʬУûʲôûκʬ䣬ʬܣָĵرȺʣżâڡ
ǧҶ֥
лһĨâŹڵһС֥
κ˶䡣

ǧҶ֥ǧҶʵʲǧƬҶӣֻҶƬȽ϶ѣɻɵΪһ־˵䣬ֱΪ
Դɾ컱ꡭǺö
Źڣڡ
ȻУֵĻǾ񼶱
춯֣ڵĵرץԷָˣֽ餸¸ϣڹ餸·Żԭ
ǽֻΪеıȻûбҪĹĹ餺ʬ
ߣȥҸεүֱ̤ڣĵָп˵ȡЩǳϵļ򵥡
ͷ²ԶĪһۣкһˣⷽȥ
󣬵߳ȥʮԶɵͣƫͷĪ
Ǹط׳ڵʱԼٽͣĪڶеǧڽڻ˴룬׳ڵȽټڻɵü
ǧڽǳӲһǿ߶ѽ֮ڻҪ֮ܽڣˣѿԳ׽ǧڽڻһ޷һԽ֮ȫڻΣǧڽͻ˷ѵʧȥЧá
ҲһĻ˵
쿴˶٣ӿ䵽رתܼƽ֯۳һ΢Сͼս֮Ī׳֮ڣתۼû뵽׳صײ
漴һ̣һԭڼٽ͵׳ڵֱһٶȿʼԼڻǧڽ𣬿ʼڻ
ĪüͷչлһĨâ
л
˶٣ڵ
һֱǱһˣǿȴܸоһУְ֪ʹԭԼٽ͵׳ڵǵΪ֮


׳ΪһشƣǵǽƵʱû׳ڣǿмȡϸ㷶Χڵĵ֮ݻӶʹ׳صٱǡ
Ị̄Ȼֻ֪ԷǰɰһȻֻǼԷΣˣȴĸоԷƷԷǧڽΪ׳ص޷ڻζ˷ѣʱְԷ


1779 벽
Щ˵ĺûһ۾ܿĪȻˣΪ˺ܳĬȴǸ߰ңпнԷ֪ԼкʵԶԼǿȴûгᣬĶ϶˺ܲ
Ị̄Ī̵˵ͷкͷӢ۵˳ȥ
Ī̿뿪˶ٺ½Ŀ׳ڵǧڽ֮ϡ
׳ڣƣǧڽڷɿڻ

һ뿪֮ǰİȣŽʱ·ܿߵ⡣
ϽģҸЩĵطõ䣡
һȲģ
ͷ⸽ŲٵĵͰɽչܿһɽѰһ֮أһķƺ󣬷ϥ¡
Сһǻ
С̫
ѽ
СһӦϣ󰲾Ĵһߡ
ʼʼʼ
׻еĺܣֱȡöͼ컱꣬תž
ͬһʱ䣬ƵҲʼתžеĵر
΢˸ת̫ľľ۷״̬漴ȡһֵǧҶ֥ͼԴɾʼ
ˣ
ĵرϵϢʱһٶȿʼ
ɫ⽻֯ŨŵҲ֮ǿ
ˣʱһΣת۰ʱȥ
䣡
ºһ죬һɰӿ֣һǿ쫷硣
һ̣˫ۣâһû
벽񣡡

µʱ䣬ǧҶ֥һЩĵرΪ۷ﵽ˰벽񾳡
΢΢ȭͷһ̣ӦԼǿԱøˣڵҲһڷڷս֮ǰǿ˼ࡣ
ã
а
ǲ˵㡣
һεԱߣ˷ۡ
ڹĹڵõһĵرУֻǧҶ֥ãҲ˺ܶǧҶָ֥ǧҶ֥ûܹ񾳽磬񾳽磬ɻһľ롣
Ͼ񾳣ȣһ޴ķֽ紦ûô״ﵽ

һۣ˵ǰļ඼ˣôǰҲԶԶϣһ㻹ǷǳĺðɣҾ̾һ¡
ԣʱЩΡ
ͨʱദ֪Ѿȫת֮ˣ֮ͬŶԷ̾ʶôһ䣬ʱĻЩա
Ҳﵽˡ
Ӣۺĵ
һߣ˸øǿǴﵽڡ
ˣʵ󳤡
⻹ǴĵطϽģȥҼ񼶹Ĺҳĵر˵ֱӴﵽ񼶸߶ȣ
׻קצӵ
ͷѵõͬУϾѾﵽ˰벽񾳣ֻһܿ񾳣Դ˻ǺڴģҲϣѰĵرѸٵĿ뵽񾳡
߰ɡ
˵
£кһ뿪طгɽλȥ
Ũĵطߡ
˵
֪
ͷ
һƬĹȺԣУԽϢаϢŨĵطԽпǼǿߵĹĹڣе䣬ҲԽӵľֵ߱
˵ﵽǵĸĹȻռôĵ򡣡
׻ʵ
ƬռʵЩƬСһ㣬߾һռ䣬ȻһĹڣǸ嵱жǿ
֪ҡͷ֪֪
ôʣ׻Ҳƫͷһȷʵ档
֪һ㡣˵һմ壬۷ʱ򡣡
ʣôǿ
һ
ҡͷڵǸʱ˵ֻǵڶεĴϾЩ廹ġǵѧԺ˵гۡ
ҲƵͷ˵ĳһʴڣǾ;һǿˣѧԺڣʱƶûʡ
нʱţʿԽԽ࣬ǿЩʱԣȴԽԽˡ
ǿɲһѧԺˮأ˵ڣڣĳʯ۾Уʲôֵ¡
ȷʵ

ҲܸоĵѧԺĪ⣬˵񵽵׾ж
ﬣ
ͻȻ̶𣬼ԶһƬɭɭ긡֣˵ɱֱӳﻮĲ񷶼ΪƬձƬƬĹᴩ顣


1780 ĳ
ܼĽ껮һ˲ɵöǶݣȽâɲƼǿ
ȻЩâǿȴҲδһ𲻿ɿĸо
ֱ̧֣ɨƬ콣âɫתۻһƬǰӭϡ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɫ콣â鲼죬ӭŻܼâϣһƬƬա
һʱ䣬͵ģЩܼĽâֱӱȫ£콣顣
ȻƬ걻ͬʱеʮĽ⾹ǻһƬƬ֯һɭϢһ˸һ𣬽ɫΪ֮һ䡣
ж
һ
Իһ˵Աû֫嶼Щľ
ȻҲǷȺн֯ж̧һƣкȫɢĶ塣
ҲʱವƿӰһ˽ǰȻǰɰǰʮҹ䡢ԬƸʼһֱֱӶ֣⶯
⣡
Ц̧Ͷһ
һһһ縡ֶɲǼ佫ֱ֣ӽ£УһȥԶ
סɲǣҲһУԱЦĿ⿴졣
ЦʵʵǶʺϡ
쿴۱Զİһˣһ˽
漴ɨ۷ܵĽ磬ĿϣҲһâɱڡ
Ҳʱವƿ𣬱ɿȥİһ·ɻأ챻ĽУԶֺǽ硣
ȻȴǸãĽι̵Ŀ£һ˵ϣһ˿˿Ĳδ
ĳΣȽĺ΢ϳⷽ磬棺ǳȽ壿
ЦǰӡӡڱڣһʩչȻ벽ǿҲûƿĿܡ
ȽҲܱߵĴ֮һûش⣬ȴǼԵĳһ㡣
ѽ
С̫ߣ¡¡ģɫӿػչ֣ĳΡ
Ȼȫһûá
ȫʢʱڵ㶼οʬɶ壬սѾȵˡʼմЦ漴ĿϣҲһʬɶ״̬սѾ۷ʱһ룬עֻܰطע˽ΪҵС
ʬɶ֮ǰǵȺɫ
ʬɶһʱڴʿսûʲôˣʱһʱսûʲôǸ׵ѹ
Ż䣬ҹԬƸĳУһƹȥ
һĻ˽һȫ֣ĳΡ
ȻǵսԭͲƻĳΣټ֮ʬɶսƿΡ

ҧɫЩѿ
ɫȻҲÿȴʲôҲˣֻܿǰ
ĳڣ桢ҹԬƸֱı졣
ǿƣǳˡ
ӭĳڣıû˿仯Ŀϣôȷʬɶã
Ż䣬һϢǣɫӿƶˣȫûһ˿һǴ۷״̬
㣿
桢ҹԬƸԶݣһΪʬȻöΪʱɢܶѾﵽ˰벽񾳡
֮ǰͳǧĦһսѾ֪ͻƣڴﵽ۷壬ȴ룬ûȥãΪֵõһͻơ
Ǽһû£ʬȻȫûã
׻ݡ
ԱߣҲǶݡ
ΨϤƺһ£ǺܿΪ֮ͨ˵ӦСƿҩĹϵⶾʲôģǿ֮һңҼǵãƺؼ඾Զûá
ʮȺսУƿоŴȫѾʲôܡ඾Чһ˲Ҳ֪
ĳУ쿴ҹˣɫһƬĮʬɶ֮Զãȷʵͬԣؼ䱾඾ͶЧңƿҩ䣬ʬɶȶȻԸ㲻ʲô׾ܻ⡣
ˣûж˵ʲôֱˡ
һһһɰӿ˽Բɵһ
벽޷ƿûʲôˡ˵ɱǺ󣬼һʱ䣬Ȼɢ


1781 в
ܽ֯ҹ䡢ԬƸ˵˲䣬ֱӻӶȭ֯ȭֱĺˡ
ˣ
һ죬԰벽񼶵Ϊ߶ȭȭҲ֪֮ǰǿ˶٣һܷ籩ת۱ҹ˽ǰ
ҹɫһʱ۳Ļֵ

һ죬˳ĻһʱǱķ飬ɿȥһƬƬѪˮƮڿУǳĿ
һĻĳİͷӢ۵˶ǲɵñһ
ͬΪ벽񾳣Ȼһս£ѹˣ
й⡣
ǱġһҲ⣬ͬһΪϣûСӵĶ֡˵ţֲҪܵ㣬ͬΪϣүʶУֻܾԵѹ
ʶˣǿôݣһϾƹһ£˺촦ͬһ磬ƾΪǿֻ壬ȫһսµҲУʵ̫ǿˡ
ǵǿޣѾȫǳԽķ롣
ȻһˣͬΪϣҲܾѹ죬Ǳ
ֻֻѣʶ
䣡
ĳڣⷭӿһʮ
ļҹ䡢ԬƸٴαɡ
סӰԼʶִͨһѹȥ
鲻䣬ֻǻӶȭ
ˣ
һķֱӱȭ˼ʶͼִͨϣһʱ佫˵ʶͼִͨķ顣
漴һһһ̳ǰ
㡭
ž
ֱ̧֣Ӿһƣϡ
۵һֱӱߣݻѪˮȥ
ͬһʱ䣬̧֣Ӷ콣ƬԺɨϰ˻֮Ƶ
ۣ
ۣ
ҹԬƸᴩѪˮֱը
һĻĻʹĳİǶݡ
սǿ̫ˣ
׻
ͬһ磬һսɰǰʮս𺳣ȫݡ
ĳУһٶ޸ɫǱúѿ
ﵽ˰벽񾳣Ҳڰ벽񾳣Ҵ߶Ѿܶ꣬ɴ˿ȴȫͬڰ벽񾳲εĶ֣̫ˡ
£ھڰɰǰʮǶԣڱǳŵǶԣʵܣܲζ
ֻǣվǳˣָоܿ㱻ѹȥɫ±ú䣬໥һۣ΢΢ͷȡһöɫı̷ֱ¡
䣡
̼ѣϢʱתۼﵽһΪ˵ĳ̶ȡ
Ϣһı鵱Ϊ֮ݡ
ͬʱĳ֮⣬ӢۡƵҲǱɫ
ǣﵽ񾳣
׻
Ǵﵽˣղ˶һö裬ӦֵʱԽΪ񾳸߶ȣ
¡¡ģĳڣӿܷʮҪһС
Ҫˣգעֻ

䣬ֱӱ죬Ӷɱơ
ͬһʱ䣬ҹԬƸҲһ֣Ԧ񼶵Ҳɱ졣
ˣɫúء
Ϊ˶׼Ļǹ㡣

˵⻰ͬʱֱӳֻͼʥϺ嫵ϢһƵ
ľ磬ͨʿù˼ɣԼĨɱȴͨˣǸмǿѪȻԵҩʱ߶ȣ񾳣սȴҲǿĿ¡
ȳ̶ȵսֱов
䣡
ֻͼƺƵϣڱʮ
ߣһٴγʶ쳣ֻͼֱѹ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ԬƸҹҲһʶһܹ졣
ͣ
һ죬ֻͼֱӱ˵ʶķ顣
ң˼ʶ֮ûоʹȫɢһִڣƲļѹ䡣
ֱӳɵ
䣡
һ죬ʩչӭ˲ʶ֮תײһ
ģܵĿռһ飬˲ʶ֮ȫɢ
ͬʱһ챻ĺɣֱײĳεĽĻ֮ϡ
ĳ֮⣬һֱɫ
ѽ
С̫ĳڣǽߡ


1782 ս
ײĳεĽ֮ϣֻоͷҪɢ˰㣬׶ĵʹ
סΣ̫壬üˡ
˶ĵҩԵĿ񾳽磬ԣвʵ̫ˣϾԷˣɶѰʿ
¡¡ģ𶯣桢ҹԬƸ֯졣
ɱ֮ȡ
Ц
Ż䣬һ֣񼶵ܴ߶ͨҫʮ
ڵһʱо˾޴ѹ˵ѹֻоһɴݿӺЩ
Ȼˣȴû¶κεļ֮ɫ̫ľӿֻͼֱӳҽӡȴҲһ
䣡
תۼ䣬ֻͼӡȴҹ˼ײϡ
¡¡Ĵ죬ʮռֱӱĺɣѪˮ
ʹüԷǿܶࡣ
䣡
˼ʱ򣬾ӿԬƸɫĮٴζ֣һƻӳ֯һ˵ӡ
ӡһܣĳηסĿռһʱ̮
Ȼⲻͨһƣһھ˵Ĵͨ
漴ͬһʱ䣬ҹҲǿͨɱ졣
춯ݣһ˲Ӧ˿µΣ⻹ﵽ󣬵һȾ޴в
һ̣оԼ·ǾκϵһСۣʱпܱƷû
Ȼû¶˿η塣
෴ڵľâ֣ƺ뵽ʲôĳرĴ㡣
ɱң

һӭ˵Ŀ¹ƣܣֱӳӭȥ
ˣ
޴̧֣ԵǰΪʩչȭ壬ȭ졣

Ц
˵ţܷӿɱøӵĿ¡
ʮռ䣬ĸ
Դˣıûа߱仯ԵЩ䣬ûһ˿һĺˡ
һ̣ӶĻȭֱ˵Ĺɱײһ
䣡
һĻȭ˵ɱײһȭâ
һ̣һĺɣȭѿѪҲãѪȾȫ
ĳ⣬˿һĻǺżȴʲôҲˡ
䵭ܽ֯ĳڣһγȥ
һ̣ⵤҩʱԿ񾳣ȫ죬ǳݡ
ڲԶվޱĿˡ
ڣ̫ɿתѪɫԾɿ޸塣
վĺܲǺǿ󡣡
Ц
ղţ˼ĹȻȫҲû飬벽ˣ첻ûһվЩ⡣
ܿվˣ
ҹԵúĮ
䣬ӿٴɱ졣
Ϊ׼вϣ֣ҲǰڵѧԺƵòߣ޹⣬ʹɱǳŨ
ӵĮϲޱ̫ɿ޸壬泯ŶԷӭϡ
䣡
ϣһǿĲɢâ˰졣
û˿׾̫ľֱתޣȻɵɵԣֻͼ̫ӡȴһԻѹʮǧ
䣡
Ĩɱͨǿߵǳֲ
һ̣ҹײһ𣬸ִ𶯣ʹҹһ
ʹҹ䶯ݣԬƸҲݣĳİһˣҲΪ֮ľ
ҹѪҩʱԴﵽ񾳲Σȴĺһ
սˣò˵Щˡ

ҹһ±üȱƱøǿɱˡ
¡¡ģķռ䱻ǣĳѹ䡣
䣬ھâ֯һսһӭԷ
ˣ
ʱٶȼ죬˲ҹǰһȭѹ¡
תۼ䣬ҹײһȭâӰһһԻ֯ʮ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˾꣬š
תۣʮȥһ죬챻ɣѪ졣
ⵤҩﵽ񾳲εѪҹ䣬սվҪһЩϾһ󾳽蹵
ֻǣɺıûа仯̫ľתĸ죬ĽɫøŨԷ
ҹӸ䣬пᣬ֮ӿаǣ졣
Ҳϣٶ˽񵤵ҩЧά̫ãиá

仰е񵤣˷̷µĵ衣
ԬƸͷ£һҹһɱ
һʱ䣬ɰӿϢˡ
ӭˣ޾壬ִչӲˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ĺӿ˷ǳ
԰벽ΪǣɼΣϧûκá
Ц
âƣһɱ֯齵
һһαɣѪˮ
ûоʹ˵£һ̱վ
Ŀ⵭Į˼Լ˿̵ƣһסΣٴγɱȥȻɵɵ𶯣ֲ㣬ʮռΪ֮ڡ
ͽ
ԬƸ
⣬ɱݻ죬һĳ죬ΪΪ߶һڴǱѰ
ۣ
ûа⣬һαɡ
һΣ˵ĸأǿǻڿо۵һըѪȾʮա
һ̣Ѫ⽻֯Ѫɫ棬̫תתؾ۳

ĵн֯âԵøˣٴγ湥ȥ
Ӷȭȭʮ
ҹߣսԼˣȴһδεǣܾܲñˣǿɱ⡣
һʱ䣬ٴζּ֣᲻飬ǿʢɱʮӿĳѹȥ
ۣ
һΣ챻ɣ̵İ벽۵һըѪ
ֻǣЩѪûѪɫԾٴһ
õٴؾ۶


޸ɫһЩ԰ףȴٴֱӳɱȥ
˶ԬƸ˵䡣
䣡
һ֣˵Ĵӿ񼶵ɢɱȸղŸǿ
۵һ챻ɨɣٴ鿪
ȻԬƸ˶ݵǣǿЩˣһһεıǻȴʼûҪףһһվ
ɱ
ѪɷϢ֯ʶȫס
ͬʱҹԬƸҲһ֣Լǳǿ
Ӷȭӭ
ۣ
һΣ飬ٴκɡ
ʼղѪɫԾܿ۳

Įʩչǲٴγ˱ϡ
ҹͬʱ֣ɵ⽻֯𶯰˷ѹ졣
һδεģǱϻ飬ȴʼղ𣬲ϵվ
ʹҹ˵üͷĸĿ

溮
ҹҲǺâŨͬʱҲüƺøǿˡ


1783 ɱ
Ѿ˵ĺˣɫЩ԰ףȴԱǿʢһЩʹøоһҹΪ֮ü
ȷʵ
ԬƸͷҲоȱ仯
֮ٽ

䣡
ܣִٴԻұ֮ǰǿᡣ
ܹо˼ĴĿ£ȴʼû˿ı仯
ӭ˵ɱӭϡ
ߣ
ߣٴѹһڴҹԬƸ񱩵Ĺ졣
¡¡ģ˫ײһĳڵĿռƬƬ顣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮɽײڣһδαѪˮһƬƬĺ
ȻҹȴüͷΪÿαܿٵ޸ң޸ٶȾԽԽ죬ԼɢϢǱøǿͬʱǻѶȱԽԽߡ

Ӹҹ俪ڣ츳ʶںϣ졣
һʱ䣬ֲܷ嫺ˡ
ʱɫúܲ԰ף˫ȴǽ֯貹âϵϢԽԽǿᣬӭһӭȥңκη
һĻطһ˶Ǳɫ
ȥ
ԬƸüһ˿̫õĸо
ͬһʱ䣬ĳ⣬Ƶ˶ǲɵͷһ
һѵǡ
â뵽Щʲô
Ҳʱĳڣҹ츳ʶںϺĻϢУֱӱ
Ѫ齦ʮ
漴һ̣ѪɫĻԾǵȻУѪйٴ𶯣תۼΪһ壬һε
ңϢȴøǿʢ
ҹĴһ˿֯ߣһμ䱻ֱӾڡ
һ˿ڣȻҹʱɫһ䡣
ɱ䣿
ҹбޱɭ
ԣԬƸǱɫ
Ƕ죬Ŀ⶯ݣԭѹҾΪǰŹ֣
ˣ
ԬƸ
ͬһʱ䣬ĳ֮⣬ҹĻĿһݡ
Ȼ
Ƶ
֮ǰǿдĥԼһ˶ԣղţһδҹˣͶ˵ĻУͱǲ²ڽ˵ĻǰĥԼ
룬Ȼˣ
һ
׻˿Һ
ʱԴﵽ񾳽սˣ£쾹Ȼǿȥ˵ĻԼɱ䣬ò˵ܿ£ļ¡
һ
Ϊ֮ݡ
ĳУºҹ˵ɫøӱ
ſ
ԬƸ
һ񼶵ӿʮͬķѹ졣
ɫʱѾ԰׵㣬ӭԵһʱϵıȴ˿䣬˿޾壬ӭϡ
ԵһƬĮֱӻӶȭ
ˣ
ʱ˵ĺأҲķ˺ܶ࣬һȭ£ȭȴǱ֮۷״̬ʱҪǿϲ٣ԬƸɱ鿪
ͬʱԼҲٴοѪǣȴûٱˡ

ĮٴԬƸϡ
ͬʱ콣콣â鲼ʮҹһ֡
ҹɫø䣬Լ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ܷƺƵһƬƬա
һսⴴϽѪȴսԽԽ˳ϢԽԽŨ͵ҲԽԽǿ
飡
ӶȭȭøŨ˵ɱͬʱĺݺݵĻһ£Բ˲
ԼҲǿӿѪɫӲ԰ס

Į䣬һ׻ɫⷽΡ
ңͬһʱ䣬ֻͼٴγ𣬺¡¡죬ѹҹˡ
漴ӡ̫ӡҩӡһһ
䣡
һʱ䣬ӿ֯ⷽڣǳ
ҹ䡢ԬƸɫǺɭ֮⣬ʱ񾳵Ϊ߶ǿĴ
䣡
˫һδײɱӿ
һɣֱһھѪݺײĳεĹϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʱԴﵽҹǵŵŵɺ˳ȥʮ֮Զ
һĻʹƵ˸ľ
˵ԽԽأϢսȴԽԽǿˡĿⲻɵþ˸ѾҪﵽ벽񾳾ͷˡ


1784 ʮ
ԽԽأϢͻȴԽԽǿΪҲԽԽǿ
Сӡ
ľ
ڱʱﵽ񾳵Χɱ˵ĻĥΪ𺳣Ϊʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ɺǵ޶սĥ¼һ޶սĥµʱʱԺˣС̫ңַʽĥ£Ҳķ˼õʱʹΪߣôʱڣ˵Ļǿд̼ԴʹΪ˰벽񾳾ͷ
Щˡ
ֱΪսˡ
૵
䣡
ĳڣӿȾѪٴҹˡ
ҹ˸ɫǺܺÿָ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģĳڵĿռøưܣ˵ĻԹ²ϱ飬ʱھԻָ
һۣʱʱȥ
ʱ˵ĸˣϢΪȴǽԸǿˡ
飡
һһζУһѪƿ˵ĻɱԻȭԬƸϣԬƸҷɳȥԶѪˮС
ͬһʱ䣬ɨƬĵâԣҲһɡ
ѡѾԴ˵ˣ
ĳ⣬̲ס˿Һ
һʼҹ˾ѹƣ壬̶ʱʱ䣬첻ⴴͬʱȴڲңѾ˵񾳲εҹˣⲻò˵ǳ𺳡
Աߣ˸տտâʱѾʼΪ쵣ǣΪս˶սѪӿ

ĳڣȾѪȴޱ䣬ٴοҹˡ
ûжĶӶȭҲһһչ֣⾪
ҹҲ֣ݺᡣ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĽ棬ѹ
ĹԽԽ˳ΪԽԽǿᣬһˡ
һν棬һȭĿѪˡ
ȻԼҲŵŵɵĺʮԶʺѪˮ¡
ʱΪѾޱƽ񾳡
̫תѪɫɿ壬ٴαˣȭӡͻһһչֿˣһδνˡ
ˣѾѹƵסˡ
ĳ⣬ĿЩ˸
䣡
ĳڣâ֯ա
һսˣɫ⻷⣬Įսٳ
ҹȫɫԽӵѿͬʱҲԽԽ䡣
գҪˣ

ûʲôֻӺĮ䣬һһˡ
ĹԽԽԽԽǿʢϽҹ˸ĺ˺ɡ
ǲС
䵭
һ̣Ϣһ۷״̬һȭѹ¡
˳ĻԷһ˲Ǳȭķ顣
̧֣һ֯޾Ƶıƿֱֳ̧֣Ͷȥ
ƿϽ֯Ĺ⣬âҲŨ
ȭ˿䣬ת䵽ƿ֮ϣһƿ顣
ҲʱһӰıƿڳ֣лˡлŮлеӤתۼȭ֮¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըƿڵӰʮϣȫͨˣȭһըһЩǰһ˲䣬龪֣漴˲Ϣ
һĻ˸ɫ
Ǻݺݵһ˫ĿɵԲסˡ
Ҳû뵽ıƿУȻʮϵͨࡣ
һ˲䣬ʮϵͨˣȫ£ȫŵһɶ
أ
ĳڣһ˲һڷ磬ȥʮĻڲҺ
ǺݲֱӿȳһھѪ
㡭
棬岻ɵ÷
ʮ鱻һȭ͸ɱ˸ɾǿ󣡡
Ц
һ嶶ĸ
ʮͨ飬лˣлŮлеӤ㱻һȭɱЩըһ˲䣬ǾֵһһԺлص
̲סˣһھѪȳ
Ķ
ŭ
ɱܶˣʿͷɱ˵ѾȾѪǣ֮ǰɱÿһˣԵԼģɱÿһˣ
ʮͨ飬޶ԹֻͨĻˣֻͨĻŮֻͨӤȴһȭ֮»ԣԳ֮ء
ʮ򰡣ʮʻһεӴ֣
ΪƶɱЩˣЩվС
һ̣ûˡ
ɱ
ɭЦкҹԬƸһ𣬰Ƶֱӹ졣
˲ǰֱƿĻϡ
һɣֱӱˡ
֣ṩ㻹ãû뵽ʮϣȻôĲ
Цһն䣬ϡ


1785 
ѪˮƮĳڣ㴥Ŀ
ɣȾѪһƬҡ
ʮͨһ˲Уľ˲ϢˣսҲȫˡ
ûɱ
ЦҹԬƸһʱʹʲô㣬ҹе֪ͨҲ⣬ȣǸʱһҲڣѹʮͨ飬ֻΪս콫ʮɱľӰս
ȴ룬ЧԶԶԤϡ
õһ׼У뵽𵽾޴õģȻһʼ;Сʮͨ顣
䣡
֣ɱ⽻֯츳ʶںϣתۼϡ
ɣѪˮĸࡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҹԬƸ飬ʱҲ񱩴
飡
һΣ챻ɨɣը
ң̫תܿؾ۳ľɺܻңʮȭµĻ治лζ

ӿѪŭ𣬶ˣԻҵӶȭ
ֻǣľˣҲˣ֮ǰսȫ٣ոճȥǱɨɣѪˮ
ĳ⣬ƺͷӢ۵˸ŭҲû뵽ҹ˻졣
ӣ޳ܣˣ
Ҳŭˡ
ͬһʱ䣬嫵ɫӿС̫ëըɫӿӰԻżΪ֮ζ·һ̾Ҫ˰㣬ȺƥɫӰĳΣһɹɿֲ쫷硣
ĳСһＫȷŭ£ʱҡڵ浱ݣĳοǳȽĺڵһϿӡ벽Ժֺʱ򣬲۷С̫ȻĳεĽζ𺳣ǺεȿֲǱܣ
䣡
ĳκݺݻζһŤ
СһＫŭ֮ȻֲܿȻĳβ𶯣ȴվûܹ׻ס
˵졣
ٶȽ

䣬һһڱ¯֯ŨΪһ񼶱
ͬһʱ䣬ԬƸһܣҹһУ񼶱
˸Գ񼶱ɱ졣
Ķ
ŭңһǽ֮֯ǰ񼶹ȡҲΪһ񼶵ı
ٴײһ콣һ
ֻǣΪˣҲˣսԶԶû֮ǰ˳
飡
ײһαɨɣֱӱ顣
ʺѪˮʮ
ʮϵĲ˵ʵȻо޴ôЩЦ
Ц
ֺݶֻ˲ɱ죬Զº
ͬʱҹԬƸҲʩ֣˵һ𣬽Ǵݿࡣ
ŭѪˮлŭսˣһһ
˵ĻһһϣһһεĽĺɽѪ
˾ĳ⣬һĻ־ŭȴﲻκæĳ̫ˣȫƲ
յģ
׻קצӣŭĲУһĻļ١
飡
飡
飡
ĳڣ첻ϱҹ˻ĺɣѪˮϵĽ
ûңӽڷʮʱľݣһƬƬѪ⣬ԺвϻζʼĨȥǾǰζ
ѪˮϴϽһδαɨĺɣһδεվ
ľˣˣսˣһδεĳɱһδλϣϢȴڷɿıǿ

һվȾѪ˿մȾѪˮŭɶĶˣһγɱȥ
ӲȻ
ҹɭ
ûʲôˣѾǿ֮ĩˡЦһ׵˽
˵ţһܺ񼶱߶޵ܡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҹˣ񱦱߶ޣɱӿ
ɱ
ԬƸȣһֱӳȥ
ӿɱ֯һɻĳѹ䡣
Ҳʱ˵һֱһը죬̶ǳʮռת۱һƬܼתۻ۶ڲγһ޴С
䣬һѪɫ罻֯¡¡죬ƺҪ綼ѹ
һ˲䣬˽Աɫ
٣
ԬƸ˶ݣŲɵһֹѹɱҲͣ


1786 Ӷ
Ѫɫ罻֯ɫкʣһɻԵϢӿѹ䣬˵˼㡣
ͨɽ٣ԬƸŲϣһҡͷͨ٣û˵ֲͨƣ
ԱߣҹҲǶݣŲϵޱһɫ䣬һΪͻȻٶΪɢĻϢʵֲ̫ˡ
䣡
һը죬񷶼ѿˡ
ǣ
񾳣
ĳ⣬Ҳɫ
ƬúڰˣĲԲѹ䣬ԽԽǿżΪ֮ζ·һ̾Ҫױ
ˣ
ҧк˺ˡ
٣ǵķΧǳʱҲķΧڣһ׽ʼѹ䣬һﶼѣסǵȻ
һۣһ˸˳ȥԶ
䣡
̶ꡣ
ⷽأøӺڰĩս١
ĳڣͨ廷磬ϵΪģ֮£ʹɵһ̧ͷŲ֮Ͽȥ
ϢΪе㣬ʼϻۡ
ҹ䡢ԬƸȻоõȱ仯Ŀϣɫֱ䡣
ģ
澪
ͬһʱ䣬˵һ죬ϵɫУһ޴׹ֱѹ䡣
漴ֻһ˲ѣ׹䵽ĳ֮ϣĳκݺҡ󣬿һ鿪
֮׹һЩµƺͷȴ䣬ȥ
ʱܻңΪﵽ񾳽磬Ϊĳε谭Ѿ˺ܶĵһ׷Ȼɾ壬ֱ̧֣һƽ֮ĵķ顣
Ȼģôܣ
濴죬Ĳš
ԱߣҹԬƸҲ𺳡
ԹʿֻڿͨɾʱŻ٣ΣȻҲ٣ʹֱͫӵɴˣĳʱ飬һʱ䶼ȥˡ
ɱ
ŭһ׷ʱֱӿˣ˲ƽӶȭ
˵һһȭѹ䣬ʮռ䶼Ϊ֮󵱼鿪ȭš
ȫֵȻȴǸסΪҲ񼶵ΪңҩΪսԶǿ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ͬʱɣޱȲơ
㡭
סΣɫúѿ
ֻһȭѣ˶˼صˡ
ŭݣһȭºٴˣһǻȭ¡
ˣ
һ죬ʱΪľҵң˺صˣվǿΣȻɵɵʶнʹȻȻƿȻ֮ȭâ䣬ƿֲˡ
ܣȻȴֱܲӱǱĻȭȭУͬʱը
࣡
겻Ѫ䶯ɿؾ۳Ǿŭ
Ķ
ɱ⣬ʮ޹飬ǰУԳܣʱ棬ҹ䣬ԬƸɱ㡣
¡¡ģԻҵˣһδν˻ĺɣȻ壬Ҳû˿ãȫס

ȭƱøǿҪһ㣬ٴκˡ
Ҳʱ˵һֱը죬ڶ׷ѹ䣬һ׺ӻۣӿˡ
ɱ⣬ѹ׷ɱ˵ȭ˿
һΣ˱ɣһη飬겻𣬵ȴǽԲѺۣƺһͻֱѹ֮䡣
Ҳʱڶ׷ѹǰֱӽûУϢˡ
һʱ䣬Ѫˮ챻ֱɣֱӱãȾѪ
䣡
ɫڣסΣĿҹϣŭٴαɱȥ壬˼ϵĻ١
ʮȭ·ĳһֱԺ֣Ĳŭ
ûԼһ쾹ɱô޹飬УһӤ
䣡

ʱ׷ѹ䣬ٶȿĺˣһ˲ǽûһ֮ɡ
Ѫˮʮ
Сӣ
Զ˶΢
۳ɫǱüΪ԰ףϢ˥㣬űɵ죬ֿͷУɫѿ
ߣ
ҧֱӺˣԶ롣
ͬһʱ䣬ҹԬƸҧҧҲʼˣԶȥ
ķչȫǵԤƣʱ쾹ȻΣ٣ǲڽնᵽĺˣǼ£ǾԻǱʱŭɱǱϵǵȻ׷ΪҲ׽ٵķΧˣǵȿֲƣǸס


1787 Σ
ӿ䣬Ϣӿȣһ
ȾѪӵ׷ѿ˼ֱ׷ɱȥ˵ɱŨ˼㡣
ƶٸϢˡ
ˣ
һضڸ׷ԻΪһƬɽȺֱѹ£ٶȱȵ׷졣
˲ѣ׷ѹȵͷϿգһνûС
ۣ
Ѫˮɽ׷֮£ֱӱ䵽صףһѪ
ԶʱԾ˲϶ߵһˣĿⶼڵٷΧڡ
䣡
֮£ɫ⽻֯ŻѪӵص׳˵ĸӵˡ
ɨܣ׷Ѱҹ˵ټȻȴѰˡ
ûµʱѾʧӰ١
巢ޱܡ
˫մѪȣȴǴδɱһ޹֮ˣȻҹȴʮ޹
ʮ򰡣

ŭ嶶ĸøӻҡ
Զİ˸ɫÿȻ֪첻ܡ
Сӣ㣬ⲻΪ֮
е
ԣֲĴ
Ҳ󺰵
£ȾѪקȭͷָ׶ɵǶѪС
ɱЩˣȷʵȥΪ֮ǱƣǸı䲻ˡЩ˶Ǳɱʵôܲ⣿οܲ⣿Щըǰʱľֱ飬ʼӳԺУ֮ȥ
һΣһָУĸС
䣡
Ϣˣ׷֣ƵޱߵĻϢѹ䡣
ʮռ䣬ƬƬ
СӣôȽǰٶȹ
׻󺰡
һ̧ͷѹµҲ֪ǰҪȶȹ١
һֱӳӡŲ֮ϵӭȥ
ɫͼת¡¡죬͵׷ײһ
һ죬ռͼ飬׷һЩµȴǲѹ䡣
ҧ콣Ҳһһա
һΣ췣콣顣
ˣ
ʱһԲ𣬵׷Ի
һʱ䣬һ縡ֶһƬ徿ж١
ЩԽ֯˵ĻϢʼһֱ֣ӳѹ䡣
ת̫ľݻ̫ӡ̫ΰһȥ
Ȼһ̣Щ磬ԺУȭʮ޹ǰľģԺбøһʱ䣬һѹƺֱӱеЩ飬ʹһ
ȣ
̲סˣֱоѪӿпȳ̫ӡֱӱɢ
漴׷Ȼѹ䣬֮û
ʮڣһо١
ܼУ쵱ըѪˮɽ
һĻԶİ˸󾪣ǽȴǶﲻʲôæ
Ϊ񼶵ֻ٣ǵΪ޷κΪ
䣡
ɫâｻ֯۳ڴϢ
վģ岻סķ
ΪηٵĻ֮ʮʼԺУһеӤը鿪Ļ棬ͷµ
ɱʮ飬Ĵ̫ˣӰ񡣡
ܹµõ񾳿
ʵϸò£һ۾ܿĳ
ͬʱ٣ҲǴһЩ𺳡ֻǣվûеʱľҪŨҡ
յģ
ŭΪ˶ĺ˾Ȼֶ졣
䣡
һ죬׷ԻΪһƬӰϢˡ
漴ڰ֡ھֺ͵ʮֵ׷Ҳһѹ䣬һֱһֲֿ
⣬ִչѪˮƬƬɽⴴϢԽԽ
ˣ
ǰ漸׷ɢʮһ֡ʮֺ͵ʮ׷Ǹѹ£תۼǽУӸӿ
ת̫ľִ⣬ȴǳޣ޷ȫס
ۣ
Ѫըֱӷ飬嶼һѺۡ
ѽ죡
ΧС̫ת״̫ˣʱ
յһսǿ˵ĻԼͻƣȻɹˣȴҲ˼صˣҪǣʮӰ̫ˣ״̬ôȥⳡ٣ҲСһףѾˣֻܿ񼶱񼶵£𲻵κáʱͬȹϵϣô죿ô죿


1788 ʧ
֮£Ѫģⴴ˽Դ󼱡
ճƬƬı飬ִ١
ֻǣ״̬̫ˣҹ˵ĻǿĥԼ˺صˣʮǶⲻ췣
ۣ
ѪˮɽһΣըѪȾʮ
겻𣬵ֳѺȴǱøˣ˲١
Ȼʮһ֡ʮֺ͵ʮ׷ȴɻڳһɲĽٵ粻ϴӸͬѹҪһ
ؾ۳һתֻͼҲһ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ײ׷Ǳȫ
ȴҲ˵ĸأϢȻ̫壬ʱҲЩ֧ˣ岻סĲҰģˡ
ˣ
׺ɫУѪɫ罻֯ϢøŨ
û˿ļʮ׷֣Ϊһֱʮҵ׹˲Ϣ䣬ֱӽû˵ص֮£йҽӵص³𣬽ĽڲյĸӵĽںͲơ
һ̣ûκͣ٣ʮ׷ֱֶ¡
һƬٵĺÿһٵ綼ǺţֱûǰĿռ䡣
ռ飬رڱѣǸطϢһС
챻صףһʱûٳֻѪˮʱʱ
һĻ˸ޱȡ
䣡
С̫ɫӿ۾ǽ˫һֱӳڵķΧڣػɫ죬ӭӲѹ췣֮
ͬһʱ䣬ͷӢ۵Ҳ˹ȥԳֺ췣
ȫѹˣǾ֪ս޷˿æȴѡ
ˣ
ϣʮ׷֯ٹѹУ̼ǽһ˵й֮ȫ顣
ͬһʱ䣬Ļ֮Ƶ뽫һɣһը鿪ȻǿС̫Ҳ⣬ס
ģѪ䶯һ˺ܿؾ۳ɫÿȴûȴֳִ׷
ȻǵҪֵֻ٣ܡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һ˲ѣһٴը飬˼صĴˣ궼Ҫˡ
Ҳʱವһص³һâؾ۳Եصƿ׷˳һը鿪ͲѺ۵꣬һ
ȥ
Ϊӿһ˵껤סȫ˦ٵķΧڣ˦ȥʮԶ
Ҳʱ򣬵ʮ׷ѹ䣬ƺƵľŷӣС
۵һո۳ٴը
ѪˮƮڿУĿġ
죡
ԶС̫ؾ۳壬ವһֳ˹ɫ鲼졣
ͬʱҲһ

ˣ겼Ѻۣ֯ǿһȫɨȥ֮⡣
Ҫֻ֪޹ʵĴ
ӿƴпʮ׷ѪˮϺϢԽԽʮڣһߴΣվվˡ
䣡
Ҳʱʮ׷ѹ䣬ϣûԲзΧ
ŵĻӿȣ˲꣬ǿҲɵҽУԵޱҡ
һ˲䣬˵һʮ׷ѹ䣬Ӱ֣ʹͷʿжϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰһ˲żҵĴһ̾Ҫ١
ؾ۳һ˲Ǳ޾Ӱû
Ѫˮʮ
Х޾Ļؾ۳ִչѪˮϷɽ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ңưܵ㣬ʮ׷͵ʮ׷һը
Ŀ׹һ˲ûһУ̵۾һɿ񱩵쫷磬ֳİһȫĿѪɡ
һ޴ѷ측ֶûһС
󣬲͵һɫлɢȥط»ָ
زƵĲӣУĲһƽ֯ɢ
һ˴Զɻأɫ԰ףеɨܡӰȫˣһͲйǶҲ
֣Сӡ㣬ģ
ˡ
ܿӰйǣϢҲоˡ
ѵôᡭ
׻ˡ
Ƭռ䣬ʱ˿Ϣ
Ǹоͷ·׷Сˡ
֡졭죡
С̫ڷ۾סᣬɫⷭӿʮƬռڼƶ
ͬʱҲѰҡ
ȻֱȥһʱǺ
Ӱûٳ֣ϢҲһҲˡ
ôᡭ
һ˳״סˡ


1789 
ٸǵķΧڣϢһҲûˣӢۺȫסˡ
طѰһʱȴȫطҲӰҲһйǣҲһ˿һϢʧˡ
죡죡죡
С̫ģסĵᡣ
׵ˣʻҪףһɳطѰӰйǶҲϢҲѰٲȻͬˣСһһʧȥ硣
ģѵġ
׻
ܣŭСôӲѾȹôε٣ô£
ҲŰǣڡ
׻Ҳŭ
һֱǸһУ෽漸죬ڿ죬Ǵûκβ˽ɢȥѰˣӦϢܡ
ʮ򣡡
קȭͷ
֪ʲô˼ȥʮͥơ
ҲӰѰϢҪжʮ򿴿Ʊɡ
ǲˣζš
ⷽżѧԺĴǿĽ磬ֻ˿ĵѧԺӴȥֱӶ֣˺ռѷ죬һ˿У˲Ƭż֮ڿż档
ٴζ֣˺ϣصǿУ󣬻صʮڣûкķѶʱͥ⡣
ͥɱɽأŰ˳֣һ״ˣˣˡ
пȥЩɱɽٶȼ죬ֱӳͥһɹ֮ڣƣһ˵ĿֱϷһյ
ţţ
һ˾ϲ
յƣȻ졣
ţʹ컹ţû
Ȼһ̣һ˵ľϲʧ±Щÿ
ΪĻȻţâȴʮְⷽɹڵǵƶԣҪ̫ˣө̫
ţȻû״ȴǷǳ⡣
ûǣ֮ȫҲȥˣ
찵ƣקצӡ
Ŷ㣡
Ƶ
ֻ֪壬Ŷѿĵ죬ֻܱϣϣ漣ϣŶͻȻĵ졣
ͬʱҲҪϦͼˣǡ

ԵЩ谵ƻţ꣬ڵ졣
һƬ磬Ų࣬һ˺һСкźܼӣŲٲŶȾˣҲˮʪ͸ˡ
ҪˣСʯͷ߿㣬һҪǰصӣҹ޺ܶ࣡
ɫĶк
֪үү
Скܹԡ
һһٸˮºܿ߳Զ
үүиˣ
ʱСкͻȻָǰ
ǰɿ⣬һڵϣһҲȾŲ࣬ˮʪȫѪˮ
ȻҲˣæСк߹ȥ̽̽ӵıϢ
үүô˵ôأѪ
СкƣЩŵˡ
ӦǱ޹ˣЩޣ׿ĺܣ˾ͻṥ
̾
Ск˵ͷǣүүǾȾɣȥġ
кͷСк⣬ЦȻҪȵġ
˴ʮ꣬ӹǻӲʣӷ𣬼и·
ɫװǰһ̣˺СкһУصԼļңӰһ򵥵éУ򵥴ӵƣ˳ȥ
ʱ䣬һαչȥ
һ죬éڣƤ£˿
Ŀ򵥵éһ࣬
š
૵
ţͻȻһһžֱӰԺС
ȣ
̲סԣѪˮӿӿ
ӲǱˣ졣
ʱһը飬ûһը޾ѷеһ뵽Ƭ硣
ԲҲǹġ
ڷ
ʮһ˲Ӱʵ̫ˡ
ֱʱЩǰһ̵ľģɻԺвϵĻζĨȥĨ֮ȥ
ڴϣֱȥʮǿƽһЩ鿴״
漴΢
Ӧ𡣡
Щܡ
ţԴȴݽˣΪûˡ


1790 Ĺ
ں׼٣Ϊɱʮ޹ңǵд˵Ѿһ漣ˣǣԴݽΪȫʧǺܵ䡣
ڴˣܵģʮһħɽѹļͷ
ء
ѹ֡
֨
һӵűƿһСкƿţ˹¶һ˿ϲɫ
СкŰ˾꣬˽Һүүڴ˵ĺأ˺öѪͽ˻㶼ԺüˡСкܳŴ󺰣үү
ܿ죬һ˳ǰʮңЩ壬òȴǺܲóӹǺܺãЦ˾ͺãͷЩˣһɣкô
˵л߳ӣһСݣ˺ܿˣܼ򵥣ζȴ
ʱʱ֣䣬֪˺ܶ࣬Ϊ£СкΪʯүΪСʯͷСк
СʯͷڴϤһ°ɣʱסͷӼң¡
˶֪Լ֣Ҳ֪ԼʱûȥΪȫʧ֪Ƭ粢޷뿪Ƭʮ򣬶Ƭȷʵûпȥĵطʱ֪ȥ
ллϲ
л
ʵϣ䣬ԶԶ˸ߣȻ˶ĵСȥƺȻʡ
ָ߰磬Ҵתת
Сʯͷ
Сʯͷ߳ȥڴУ¡
ȥӺܴ󣬴ǧ໧˼ң߶Ҳ٣ܱһЩɽ
Сʯͷڴڣ֪طһƬ磬ʱȴȥ⣬ڴȴɱʮ飬ȫʧΪ
ָ磬ģʲô𣿡
Сʯͷ
ûʲô
ҡͷǿ¶һ˿Ц
СʯͷЩɣȴҲûʡ
Сʯͷҹ٣ʱɿţһתȥ
ʱһֱڴ취ָԼΪȴûа취Դݽˣ˵ָΪжѾǲܡ
ʱԼΪ˹ˡΪûˣ޷뿪Ƭ磬޷ټ
ĸģʮɱ飬Щ죬ֻҪһۣӾͶЩǰľģʹߣ˯ˣҲһֱجΣʮȥ黯
ԲĲǹġ
ʱã
һ죬߳ӣڴһɽڿӣֻǣû֡
ɱʮ飬֪Щ˵ֻ֣ͽһĹ
ʱ䣬һĹȥ߳ӣһֱڴɽ£ҹʱʮ˹ˡ
һ죬׼ȥɽΪʮĹʱһŲҽУл鲼ë޳ڴ⣬Ҳֹһͷаʮͷңպ߳ӵֱӱˣת۾һ˲嶼˺ҧˡ
ôͻȻôޣ
һڴɫ䡣
Ƭ磬޺ܶ࣬Ǻ׿񣬴Ҳ޳֣һȴֻͷѣûһԳֹôޣһڴǱˣֱȥʱ˷Ӧ󺰡æ
£һЩ׳æȥȡԵìΪƬ޺ܶ࣬Ȼ׼һЩܹ˵޵ȡ
ҲʱȻҲһĻżʮ޵꾪ֵӶݣԺһֳʮǰľģ붼û룬ֱӳʮȥ
ָ磬Σգ㶼ûб
СʯͷһĻɵôС
һЩ쾹ȻͽֳӣʮȥȻ֪ҪȥˣҲǶݣΪȫͽֳȥġ
ʱûлӦЩˣܿ嵽ʮǰʮУֱһߵ޺Хĳ̽ͷҧ죬ȳζд
ûб飬ܿͬʱֻӳһȭͷ޵ľλá
໣
ߵ޷ҽУѪˮӿֱͦͦĵ£û
һĻĴһڴʧɫ
ͽֻ֣һȭͣ͡
˶ˡ
á
СʯͷҲһ
ͬʱ޹ļΧҲɫƽﶼоԼܿ࣬ȴҲԶԶһȭɱһͷޣݵĶ죬ȴ׾¡
ߡ
ǵͬʱһȭһͷϣһҺʹͷ޵ز
ΪȻȫʧϾǿʿûΪǿҲԶԶûΪ˿ɱȣңսޱȳ㣬Ҫ˵Щ࿰صͨޣһȺʿҲĶ֣׵Ĳ׽Щϵĸ㣬򵥼Ի


1791 ʧļ
ʮͷ˻𣬸Եú׿
ȺΧߣԼǽ޵Ŀⶼϣʱȭÿһλȭһͷ޵ز󣬶̶ʮʱ䣬еȫûһͷܹվ
ȺΧ궼ˣͬʱպȡìȱ嵽ڵһȺ׳ʹҲˡ
⣬⡭
𺳡
һˣ̶ʮʱ䣬ͽֻʮͷ׿ޣ£붼룬ǰͳһĻ
ͷ㡭Ȼصʲô˰
૶ʵ
ҲȫˣʱҲôһ뷨ԼȻصʲô˰
⣬쿴ŵصʮޣĿһߣһ߲ʬΪһ꣬˺ķѣȾѪϻдžֵı顣
һʱ䣬ԺУʮʱľģǻصԺУɵһ
ȣ
ԣѪˮӿ
ѪļΧĿ굱ɫһӶΧ
ֵܣˣ𣿡
һʵ
ǣǺܸмͬʱǿأʱѪһǡ
ҡͷʾԼû£ֻĿŵϵĴžֱĲʬ֫Щ΢
ÿﶼв޿Уɶ񣡡
һжקȭͷ
ܿ˺ܶˣܿ콫Χţ̾ԲסĿޡ
ָһ
Сʯͷһݡ
쿴СʯͷǿĶСʯͷЦ¡
ҲʱдǱ˺ѵĸĸĲʬǰʹ
һĻ̲ס̾Ϣޣǵռ䣬ѾԽԽСˡ
ЩȻ׿񣬿ȴ£˵һЩɽЩԱˣɽӣҪĹǾĻˣһ㿹ضûС
һ˵
ȥĸĸʹ࣬˰æһĲʬᣬ󣬴˶ȥȻȥºСʯͷΪȥǿ
ֻǫѷЦЦĺǿڵΪȫʧǱʮ޹Цĳ
ģȺɢȥҹɫǳ鲼񷣬ܿ죬ҹĻʧг֣µһΪ֮١
һ߳ӣӸĴɽһ
ʱ䣬һֹȥ¡
Щ֮ǰȺ޺󣬴⿪ʼʱгȺ޳֣ҳֵԽԽ࣬ԽԽ׿񣬲дѣÿдģ춼оܡ
һˡ
ԺлصʮǰľģŴﲻȥԽӵܣ뱣ǣЩɱʮ޹һͨһ޵ĿС
ʼŴ꣬ڴ̵ΧǽìѻΧһͷͷޣھѻЩ޵ĹУʱ굲סһδһδȾѪ⡣
磬ԺҪΪǵЩ޵Ĺˣǣǡ
쿪ʼǵֵѾȥһʱ䣬һʱһδΪǵ޵ԼһδȡǵİȫЩ꽥Ǳúܡ
û¡
ҡͷ
Ѿȥһ꣬һʶƬ磬һƬ磬Զû޵
һԽԽ޳ҰУڴ⣬ʿʱʱûżһͷʶ޳֣ûΪԶͨˣսҲܳ㣬ӦȴҲǺܼѡ
һȫڱˣ뿴һǱʶԼҲЩϵʮ޹һͨ
ɣǡ
һȺΧ죬ɫÿ
û¡
ҡͷ
һ޵Ĺסƣɽڽ
һʱ䣬ɽѾĹȻҲ֪£ЩȻʲôΪʲôҪЩĹһæȴܾˡ
ָ˵ҪԼ֡СʯͷôԴЩæܾ˵ԼҲɻ󣺡ָôãô
Ǻˣ
ޱȵļᶨ
һһδεֵޣûһ޿УԼΪһδεˣѾޱȾء
ʱ䣬ɿš
һۣһ¹ȥڼм޳ִ⣬ܶ࣬Һ׿񣬲󶼱ŴһЩˣûһ޿С
һ죬źܶ£ɵ΢ɫЩ԰ףɫЩҡ
ʦʦСϦСꡢѩҹ桢¡СϡŶͷơС̫桢С˭
Щ
һÿҹЩ˺ѣһ죬ٴʱоԼʲôЩˣǲˡ


1792 Ψһǵõ
һʱŴһȺһһεĵ޵ĹĴǣһ쾹ȻͻȻԼһЩˣҲ벻Щš
һһģ߶Ժﻹǵõ˵֣ǵЩ˵ݣ벻Ϥˣ֪˺ύѣֻЩˡ
ʵϣ֪ĺֻ߶Щѣˣ벻ˡ
Ͷɽʧй𡭡
ޱȵ䡣
ԭΪֻ֮ΪɢȥԴήȴ룬Ҳʱһɢ
ޱܣԼὥ
뵽о£ȡԵӵǽһһһ֣硢Ϧꡢ桢ѩҹ¡Ͼ顢ŶС̫ơ
һʱͻȻֻǵЩˡ
Щ˵ֱ֣ʱ߳䣬Ŵһɽȥ
ⲻÿն޳ϮʱǺ̫ƽģЩ̫ƽʱڴĴɽｨһĹ
Щˣˣ벻ɱʮ޹£ȴǻǵá
ʱһΣƻȥصӣϢǽϵһ֣һ߶ȥǵá
գٴοǽϵһ֣Ȼǵá
԰Щ߳ӣȥɽĹ
ˣһۣʱȥ
ºһ죬ͬ㿴ǽϵһ֣һһ߶ȥĩʱãȻ΢
߶֣벻ǵˣò벻
ʾ֭ȥ룬ֱȥһʱʱ䣬ʲôҲû

߶ĸ֣ޱܡ
ָ磬޳ˣ
һ󺰣ܽСʯͷ
ǽϵһ֣߳ӣŴ׳ȥֵͻϮ
һεȺǰ׿ˣŴӵ׳ǣʱʱǽȺˣһ˺ۻصֿǽϵһ֣ġ֣͡ʲôҲ벻
˶ܺͱûڲȱʧѣǣɰãļգսսѣĸʦʦ͵£õĽԼҲһĽ
£е˿־壬ֹͣķ
Ҳ֪˶ãڻ˯˹ȥ
ҹܿ콵٣ɢȥµһ쵽
ʱţһһĹȥÿ춼ῴǽϵһ֣ÿһʱǻһˣ벻ǵ£һǽӡµһֻ֣ǵ磬¡
󣬵ֹȥʱ䣬ǽϵһֻ֣»ǵãȫˣҲ벻
ֹȥʱȻǵ£ûмǡ
¡
֣Ӳɵ÷ᣬҪĸо
ǽϵ֣оҪȴҲ벻ò벻ˣֻûǣȻǵú
ڣĴӣӴϤһһֵ޵һȺ׳֣Ҳˣ벻ֻЩ໥ƺʱ֪˭˭
ʱ£ѾȥĶһҪ˺ֻһ˻ǵãԣ·ǺһŻоů
շ죬ǽϵġ¡֣˯˹ȥȻ˯£Ҳʱʱ΢
Ʈޱ䡣
һɽۣ֮һŮվǿջҪɫȹڷڣ֪ʲôʱҲ֪ѾվãֻǾĿڵӡ
ҹĻܿɢȥһֲֳϿգŴһâµһٴε
㣬ɽｨĹ޳ֹӵʱ򣬺ʹ׳һδεֵ޵Ĺ
һҪˣʮ£ʼռǵãͷ·һħ䣬ϡ
ǣҲͼǵãҪôˣѾ˭ЩʮһͨˣһҪã޿УҪ
ʱǰȥһϮһȺ׳ڴɴѻʮΪһֵѻȺ굲ˣȺ˺ȾѪѪϴżѪɫǲ԰׵㣬ƺʱܻ


1793 οΪԼ
ȾѪɫ԰׵㣬һֵ޵һȺ׳Χȥ
磬ҪΪǵЩĹˣĲҪˣ˿ڣǸĺӣʱȴ̲ס᣺㵽׷ʲôǽҲðЩ꣬ûпĹЦЦĺǿǣܰ
ڴѾˣʱǵֵޱӣһһΪǵֵ޵һδԼǣԼһδεˣʹǶޱȾأԽԽΪǵֵǽúܲܣǺܶ˵첻ġ
ʱΪӵĸ˶һû죬ӵͱԽԽ޸ˣǶԴ˶Ӣۡ
ȻʱĴûми˹ǵʲôǾ˼άϸ壬Ҳܸоڱʼձһɱ˺ʹ໷š
ܣܡ
ܸǾҲԸ⡣
磬˵˵
һȺ׳жˮת
ܹܵǶԼĹģֻǣûк˵ʲô
ʮ޹УһҪ˱ǣֻʹ˰ﲻˡ
û¡
Ѫ֧վ
Ϊ˺أʧѪܶ࣬վԴһѣŲһģŵ浹ȥ
ΧһȺ״æȥ
ҲʱϢ䣬һŮӳǰһɫȹÿŮϣѪˮŮӰɫȹȾ첻١
׼ȥһȺ׳ɫһΪŮӳֵ̫ˣƾվͳŮ̫ˣϢضȻ
㡭˭
һȺ˷ӦȴҲûʲôϾǿŮӺӣΪŮǰв죬ңҲûиоŮʲô⡣
ŮӺܰһƽȪ棬쿿ԼϣѪˮȾ׵·ΧˣƺûпûκλӦֱſڣԿǰοΪԼ
ᣬᣬ㶯
ʶԭѾܱˣȻҪʣǣޱϤɵһƤ˺ܾòоԼһϣƬ̲վֱ壬ģҰһϤ
ɵһſڣȥŵҲЩ΢¡
ˣһҪˣֻǰ˻һֱǵã⼸ȥͶЩҲܡ
󣬹ѣЩ꣬һһˣҪĶʦҲѾǵãȴʼûңȻܺԴйأǡºᣬһ˵ô໰һǺܸˡ
ǰС̫˻صʮһЩ£Ȼ֪ˣ˶죬˶Ҳó֮ŶҲݲվֻܸо΢Ϣֻҵ죬ǰѾҵ
Ƭ磬ҵʱǰȴΪȫʧԴݽߣ챯ʹ࣬ڴһɽڽһĹŴ׳ǵֵޣܹõΪɱʮ
ǣûг֣ڴһɽϴÿնڿ죬һδΪǵֵ޵ˣڽһĹһҪˣֻǵԼıʹࡣ
һΣꡣ
ֱһ죬صҪʧȥûмٿȥ
ȾѪ£³ԭѾҪʣʱȴǽ˾ԴҲûѣĸо
㡭֪
΢
˺ܶˣ֪£
û˵ֻͷ
ڴĴɽϿ꣬е£һ
شӰɡ

䣬ǰߡ
ûоܾһڡ
ܣһ׳
ϡʶģ
һȺһκǻعȥ
µĲ»صڣһڴΧĵĿ죬ͬʱڷҲ𺳣Ϊ̫ˣΪͨ˶ܸоһʥ࣬·ȾѪҲһɢһʥС
һڴĿϣµǸƣӵһЩҽȡһЩҩҪΪֹѪ˿ڡ
á
죬һֱסӣϡ
ϣ͵ӿ컷ƣת۱ʹȬϵѪˮԼϵѪˮҲĨȥ
죬һʱû˵
쿴һʱҲû˵ֱȥʮǿڣ˶촽ҡˡ


1794 
ʱ䣬ԼΪȫʧ£ܶʱѾˣΪˣʱʱٴο˵ôʱԵЩܡ
žͺá
ô
ǿЦǰο𣿡
ʵ
µ
ӺСΨһǵõ˳ǰôһ˿Ҳֻһ˿ѡ
˴µĻɲ࣬Ȼʱ˵ܿһʱȥ
һʱ˳ȥ֪һ˶ΪģǷġ
ûˣ̫ˣ
߳д񶼷
һڴǶԾ㶣¶Źֵı飬һղ˵ôأ̶һʱʱ䣬ȫˣٶδ̫Щ⡣
ͬʱ֮ǰϿǶȾѪкܶѪڣ˵·ûб䣬ϵѪˮȴһҲˡ
ܹоǵɻͲ죬ȴҲûнʲôЩͷһЩ
֪뽫Ƭ޻ƽ֪ôȶûж뿪Ļ⣬ڴס
˶ܿºйأһ̶֣һʱڴµķݣΪǰסĵط̫Сˣˣ̫ˡ
ʱ䣬һš
ûϮʱһĻȥĴɽ޽һĹΨһǰͬǣǰһˣºһ
ֻһ߰ĿţδҪæֻǵȵҪȥʱһشӡ
ʱһΣһȥ
һʱƬԽӵˣԽԽ޳ڴ⣬ңгмǻ۵ޣЩܹ
⡭
֣
˵һЩɽܻûΣܿԣԭԭģ
˶ԴȻǺܳԾ
ԽԽƵԽԽܹԵ޳֣ӵ˽ҲͲˣΪöˣҲϰˡ
ԴǴûгԾ£޴ﵽվɻûΪΣ۷壬һЩر޾ܿ
һδΣŴ׳ǵֵޣûаæֻżվǽļΧǽϣĿս˵ĺصʱ򣬻ȥش壬ΪˣΪÿζ˵أÿܻΪ֮һǵֵ
ͨĲҩںܶʱ򲻿εˣֻ
ֻǰˣӲ֣Ϊ֪Щ飬ҪԼ
ʱһΣתۣʱȥ
ɩӣˣ类ɽץˣãȥԭ
һ죬һ𾭳ֵ޵һȺÿµţһĽ顣
꣬³ֺ󲻾ãǱԡɩӡƺ£ȻûгףҲûͬסһԾֹϵ
µͷûʲô仯ֻͷϷţȥ
Ⱥеġԭ֪ӴʮԶ
ӵ׳ȫűȫȥһЩ챻ץˣҲѰųͷҪһȥæ
ǶԣѾǰһδεֵ޵ӢۣǴ˵ˡ
һȥ
ᣬûлͷһ̣һ㶣ǰһ¾ʧȥµӰ

ƮŰƣʮﴦһɽʣΡ룬һƵĺɽһƬܴĻԭ岻֪ռ˶ķΧ
ԭϣʱкŨͷ޻һ𣬺ѹѹһƬˣΪ׵һźܱ¶Ůӡ
ҪǿеǸൽжޣ˳Ʊ֮Ҳ
ŮЦΪһΪﵽأΪɽΪһ޵
ûûе£¼ԵŮ߹࣬ȣЩС⣡
Աߣһͷæ
Щɽ࿪ܿԵȥϮʮĴӣ£޵ĲˣۣƱŮǵǰճصŮֱĨɱȻһȺޣȺ޿еǰ
ƺǸŮǷ򸾣ϣǸŮӺܿͻʶΪСĵĶŮӵѾһȺȥ֪ͨǸŮˣŮԵƬ̡
ŮߣԱͷʶץŵ죬඼̰ŮĻΪβֱӽ֮ץ
⡭˶٣Ůиӣ⽨˺̵ܼķΧǽǺѿԳȥץˡ˵ţ죬Ǵ޽ģңҲܲ򵥣һЩ۷弶ֵܣĶ֡
˵ţ죬ɭЩ꣬ŴˣһδεסȺͻϮǺܶûѪˣ˺ܶͬ࣬ҪǸŮ˳ɱˡ
Ŷһ࣬ܵסҵȿصͬ壿
ŮЩ⣬΢ۿ졣
ȷʵΪ棬ƭŮ࣬úܣ

Ůߣ󣬲ѡ
챻ͷץţźŮӵĻû⣬ֻЩɬԼһ쾹Ȼᱻʶ޸ѹ޷
ˣŮˣ
ͻȻ޿ڣָԶһŮӳ֣ƽ


1795 
Ӵ߳µˣԭ⣬Ӻƽϵı飬һİ
¡
챻ͷţȾźܶѪҰʱǺģණ壬ȴǱϵó¡
ܣ޻ۣѾǻ۵޶ǲɵסˣһ˲˲Ŀ£ȫչµվסˡ
ŮҲǲɵסˣڴﵽվǰܶŮӣûΪεɫȻǳţȻ񣬿һʱʯţؼ侹Ȼյˡ
ǿӲȥһЩ覴óȴȫͽͣҲҲһ覴ãһᵽˡֵ˼
ſ
ȺֹסŲűͷץŵ죬ĿŮϡ
ĴϻۣȻóŮȺ
ŮӻعɫЩÿĲ±ޣֱӳ֣ĨɱЩ£°ץҪǲıޡ
ϻ˱УҲֻôһ˿ѣȻ񣬵£֣ݺȣûһ˿һĿɱԣȫ֮ָо
ǺȻ
ЦϢɭ
ӭϢԱߣʶĺһŮΪŭǣǣæƨûŮ
ԣûŮ
Ůģ
ԣŮ
һǻ۵ҲŸͣͺ˼һȻʵʵ˵Լ˵Ÿɣȫ
Ů
Ⱥ
ŮӾ֪Ⱥη˵ΥĻȻһЩ
ſ
µٴ𣬿Ůӵû˿仯ɺܰ
ҪȺо죬ףܰ쵽ǣûж֡
ͬΣΪڣΪǿĵˣΪûˣͷʶ޸ѹʱ֣ӽץסѹ˵ļͷʶо죬Ƕٻ̼죬ܻ˸⼸꣬˸кʹۻĹˡ
ŮӵɫµȻұޣ
µҲһŮӣܻûεմȻûһ˿һĻң
ܲ
࣬ôƽĺͱ˵£Цſһۣȡһذ׶½űߣóҪҪ԰ȻԼϻϼͷ
µܲɱ֣ҪúŪһȻٵµٶɱ֮
ԼֻٵԼúȤԼȤ
ſ
µıûб仯ô֣ûȥűߵذһۡ
ƽŮӸˣۿ£ûɱ֣ҪŪĥһٶ֣ܽ
£ĵЦߵǰµ˶԰ɣ֪ǰʲôӦĵЦЩԽϵַʽ
˵ţͷŵĿ£һ£Һմϡ
쵱һ˫ȭ̲סָѪڡ
ܹ裿
µɢȥˣһƷȹΡ
ŰƵĲ񷣬תۼīһڲըΪ֮ҡƺһ̾Ҫ٣һضϢϺƵ޾Ϊ֮־塣
һ˲䣬𶯣һ˯޾µϹŶʯѣ𺳣𾪡
ͬһʱ䣬һƬδ֪ɽ죬ӹһɹ΢磬ʹһͨľ֦ҶҡƲ١
һ˫˫䵽·𿴱ֻأнԽ֯Ե𺳡
Ϣ벽ʣ
벽ʣϢȻܴ͸Ƭôܣ۷۶
һ˫˫ӣⲻɵþҵ
䣡
磬ͻ䣬޾أϣӿ·һٸ֡
߬˫ȭɵˣĿǰ£һҪѣȴǵµ£һμ


1796 
һƬڷŭţضҡĩս١
һμһμɢôǿϢȻΪȫʧҲܸоڲʶڿֻš
վŮȫˣԱߵĺޣҲסˡ
ֱȥƬֹͣҡڣɢȥ
͵֮һŮӺһһ飬ͬһɢʼգҽж
ץʧȾѪԴѣվȶȥ
һף»ָԭض˶٣ߵǰȥ
ΪûˣûʲôˣȱʧֻҪԸ⣬һжָܻᣬΪϵŮµҺǳװɡ
΢̧ͷĿ¡
Ϊʲô˶촽⣬ܣԳΪʲô˵ֻ
Ϊʱ£żԱУһΪû˿ǰŮӡΪʱĸоΪûˣˣԼȢŮӣҪԼΪޣ
ҪΪ˿Ҷ˵ֻҪΪ˿ҽףһ
ȭ
ʱĻܡ
¿
ãһΪ˿һˣһ˳ףȻ᣺ΪʲôΪңΪ㡣
ʥⱾԴձԴһδײԭ͸ˣ첻ǿжɸֻرԴʹڵ屾Դƽ⣬ȥ޿ȹ꣬չ꣬ĵأʮҹϸչˣӰˡ
ǲ¡
ΪңΪ㡭
򵥵һ仰ܡ
ԼʲôȥȢǰŮӣ
ҡûʸ񡣡
˫ȭյĸ
¾Ŀûʲô仯
һƽڰҵˣΪ˵һŭĨɼˣΪΪնɱˣȢһŮӵû𣿡
졣
ſڣ֪˵ʲô
¿ЩȢҵˣֻ㡣
ȭͷյĸЩ󣬽ɿ
ջָƽؼģεдŶƣʱ£
º͵֣֣ӵվ𣬲صӡ
һ죬ŵƽʣɫĴ󡰇֡⣬ϲ죬һΪ¼֤г϶ף
£ɫð
±һӣΪǷ׹˶źɫϲ
첼ͷͷϣסضȻգὫ֮ҿ
ľϰžƺ;Ʊڴߣһ۹ȥʱ
ҹɫøŨ
û𣿡
µ
΢жݣ͵Ϩ
ڰУƮڡ
ҹɫˣһԲµնá
ʱ䣬һƣӵĲˣһһͼ۶ڲ񷶥˻תֱȥʱ󣬽ɢȥ
ǿУǵ׺ڰʱɢȥһֲֳ񷣬º͵ĳԣڴ֡
ͬʱĴŵѪ죬СĵĽ֮
Щܱ
£ҡ
¿ڣ˵ʲôһɫ΢䣬˶֣һƵ΢⸡ļ䡣
Ͻ֣ԼˣݽߵԴ»˹ԣɢȥΪڿʼ֣Ȼû̾ʹﵽ۷״̬ȴһĻָ
ͬʱǵһҪˣȫĵεΣԺС
־ϲ岻ɵֿ£ԼµЩʲô
£ʵһʼ֪ͬҵԴָ
뵽ЩʲôֻرԴǺ϶ΪһʱϤϢڣʱûע⣬ڻ룬ǾֻرԴϢ
ֻıԴܵıԴ

⻰ͷݺݶһ£Ϊһָźҳ׶
ƫͷҪ
Ƕ˼ôһ¶ЦԲ𡣡
º͵ڴ̫ĸˣ߳ӣڴ˼ˣͶף׸棬ĺʺá
»ͬǰܰ첻ʱûʲô
ڴһۣʱȥ
Ƭ޺Уͨ˶ԷǳΣգʺͨ档Ƭ簲ˣ뿪
µ


1797 
ɽʧܺƬ磬ôˣ뷨ûиı䡣
ΪڽָãӦܳƬ޺еðô˿ȫٵȺв
á
µͷ
ڴԵúܰ
ʱһΣתۣһ¹ȥ
һȻ޳֣ȻʮﴦǴɽڵµϢ£⸽ɽɲֹһкܶ࣬ɽڶŷǳޣ޴ڴʳ
һʱΪȫϻָΣڵֵʱʱֵ֮࣬ʼ̴һЩУԼָΪС
Ӵʱ˶𾪺˷ܣӳ羴
ͬʱһµʱȻȥɽ޽һĹÿȥʱܻһ𣬲κΰæֻһ߾Ŀš
һ죬һڴĴɽ޽һµĹͣЪ俴ʱԼĸоµľһЩ
ôˣ
ǰ
ҡͷ˶٣΢ˡ
˵֣ıɺֻǣе΢΢ȴվδס
ȫ޷ƽĶУӴ𶯡
ˣ
桭ģ
е׷ʡ
š
µͷϢܵӰ죬һЩ
õ϶ĻشӲˣϲһѽ±
֪Լйˣܲ
ȿݽߵԴ±ϲҪˣ
ģͬСкȸԾƽؼʼպ£ʱɵ¶Цᣬ𣬷·ܽ޾Ԩµѩڻ
ߣشȥ
£֪УʿǷǳǿʿһ̽µͨŮ
š
ʱͬСŮ˳
£ֱȥ
ʱ䣬һţƽؼ䣬̴УЩǵֵһδ޵ĳϮڴĴɽ޽Ĺʱһֱߡ
תۣ˸¹ȥ
˸ʱ䣬Ϊָͨɾ£ǿĴﵽһأĴﵽأʱֵֵޣֻЩɰ쵽
˸ºһģһӤڴ𣬸ࡣ
ûо˵󣬽ʮµͬͨ˰㣬һжƽһ죬µºĹ⣬ΪһŮ۵һ㣬ɰǳ
ȡ
¶
ڼ֮ɫЦŵͷнӹеĿɰӤ
µĺӣµŮ
ȵһһǿ󡣡ԼĹ⣬£ĿŮϣЦŵɣɡ
УճĺƺĻӵһڻ
Цĸˣһ̲ɵ΢ԺһŮӰ֣ԼżƤһζš
ɵһղŵӰʲô
ôˣ
ʵ
عҡͷЦûʲô
ŮҶ˼˲Ǳȫ˹ȥһĶӡ
ô
ŪŮµ
ͦá
µͷ챧ŵСɣ¶ЦͰ⡣
ϲ磡ϲɩӣ
ϲϲ
һ쵮СɣȻȫ֪ˣ˶أණ
Щͨ컹ȫһһ˵л
ڴϲӣ⣬ȥܾ
ʱڲ֪ţתۼͷ
СˣѾ洦ܣżţз𣬽˾ĲᣬԼͷ𶯡
ʱСɣһ𣬴С߹Ƭ䣬żԼССޱȳ磬ȴδ̹СУҲ̹˵СһصΪûС
ȻˣСȴȻžͷվǿ߲£ԲݣʵЩˡ
ûоһպ̤·ûôޣ
ҵΪȡʱĲ²⻹ûܺһǿ󡣡
˵Цţµ
µǿʶǰǸվŮʱɢϢ̫ˣ֪һǿУ졢ϻ졢壬ǵ۷ϢǣǼ˵۷ϢȴԶԶûǸʱɢϢˣǸʱ£װ㣬ڿֻš
񣬼Сɵ죬ɵţСһԺ󳤴̤·֮󣬻ܺȡ


1798 뿪
Сɵ쾪ȣʵ̫Ƿˡ
ʲôʱʼ
¡
ʮꡣ
µԶСɺʹͬĺˣ͡
ã㡣
ͷ
£ʮ̤·ʱΪУܲˡ
ȻµʵҪЩһСɰȵ·ǣȴûС㿪ڣʲôֻСǵĿֵĶȹͯͨǰȹΪ·˳ҲһЩͷͻʹ²ԼŮôǵȾʹ
Ȼ뷨һ
ף
ССŹץĿţ̧ͷ죬ǸСŮ
á
Ц
ӣСԼϣһСߣȥʵûʲô
һҲںԼĹ⣬ΪСһһüͷʲô
°վһߣŸŮ֣͡
ʱ䣬һĹȥɾȥĴɽ޽Ĺǰͬǣһģ£һСɡ
СһվһߣһĹ£ĸףЩʲôѽ
¿ɽҰĹڼ޽Ĺ죬㸸׵
ɱʮ飬ǣôΪǲĴ֮ʹأͽ޽һĹΪЩɱĲֵ֪һֱڿţģֻֻᡣ
ŶŶ
Сɲǵ˵СԴ
Ϧ£ƻܿ쵽챧СɣСһԼϣȥ
磬ɩӡ
졢Сɺ»صӣ˶Ĵк
һһͷһжҺȥƬĸɽһˣڼ䣬ǻôӡ
ЩΪָѾڴܱ߿ӡ˲ɱһ޵ֲùӳԣת۾ͻᱻɱȻˣҪ뿪ǵúʹ˴кǵǽ
ģһôӣ
ж֣ص
񣬴˶֪У֪ͬһ㣬ԣƬһɽǳΣգȴܷġ
ͷ¶ļ򣬺СһصԼ
תۣһҹܿȥ
գոʱ߳ӣȺƬ鲼޵һɽ˽ƬȺʵԷֱӵ׼С뿪
߹һɽ̫ޣһɽͨɾޣкüɽڵ֣ͨȻܱңֵԱ̧ѹ
УºͬУСҲһţ񲻻̵СսʱȴǿСһ￴һġ
ʱţܿµʱȥ
ʱ䣬Сɣ߹ƬɽһƬҲɽ⣬ҲƬṳ̂ɽ
Сɣ½ɽս벻ãɽǴ𶯣ӿԻܼ޳ѹѹһƬεΪ죬죬ԻŰ벽Ϣ
˵мȺһɽѹ˲ͨɼǿ󣬾ǣһͷЦˣǣ
˵ţֱӶ֣ͬʱͷҲһ֣Ƶžѹ
ֻǣȻܿɱ³׽Ϻʱ䣬ΪѾ׻ָ۷壬ʱܿڣ벽ޣǶ֣
ֱ̧֣ӽͷɨɣһײʮľԶû˶ûվ
ûֱǣΪǻὦܶѪСͬУСһﻹССһ￴̫ѪȵĻ档
׺ѽ
Сɳݵĵ
ԺҲô
Ц
ûɽڵһ޵ľֱ飬Сɣ뿪ܿ»صӡ
ʱ䣬֪ƬȺʵӡڴɱԣѾ㹻ԵĻӺôˣƬûκܹвӣһӣҲֻգۼ䱻ȫٵ
תۣ¹ȥΪʲ׳ĵرʵ˴ﵽ˵ۻʼΣӴӡ
ңһ죬ɽﱻڽʮĹʮɱ飬֪ǵ֣ȴΪÿ˶Ĺ
Ҳһ죬ʹ˵ƬѾʮ꣬뿪ˣ׼Сɣһǵĵطʮ


1799 ʮػʮ
Ҫ뿪Ƭ磬˸Ǻܲᡣ
ںܾǰǾѾ֪첻Ƭ磬Ƭ磬Ҳ֪첻һˣĸ͸嫵硣
磡ǻŬУȻǿδ׷ĽŲȥΪս
һȺ߬ȭͷ
ҡͷǵΣǱôӣƬࡣ
ӺƬ磬׷磬һҪ

΢Цûٶ˵ʲô
ʮĹǰտЩĹʹ˻ֵеɫ֣ºС˲Ϣʧ
һĿ졢ºСʧ뿪ʮŻع
Դ˶ԣ̫ˡ
ŬǿøǿδֻҪΪ羡һౡҲһ⣡
ȭͷ

һƬ谵ºСɴӴ뿪ڣûйȥ̫õʱе΢֣˳ǿУһſŴǹâڡ
Ưѽ
С۾Сһ³ɳȻûпʼȴ֪£Ӵܶ࣬ԣڳǿвû𾪱顣
ʵϣСһ꣬ĺӣڸֹŹֵĶǺʸУٻ𾪸С
ûĸƯ
ЦŶСһ
Сɺԥĵͷ仰ֱؼµֱۣĸƯˣƯˣ
ЦĸŨСһԴ
ûôŨЦݣҲ΢Ц֣һƬ͡
߰ɡ

̧֣˺ǿºСɿУһ̱ǳһɫʰ쵵ĴǰȻʮŹǡ
񾳵Ϊ֪£Ҫǿ˺ǿһžǰʵڲһ¡
ʱ򣬿ǰŴǣвɵý֯΢⡭ɽʧܣΪȫʧһҪˣ񣬹ȥʮʱ»صͻȻһֻĸоп
һָЩƽ漴ºСɣֱƿϣһ̳ʮĵʮ򣬶ٴ˺ռͨڵھ
ȥɽɡ
µ
ΪֻǼ򵥵תۼھɽ
ɽ֯ľʣ¡Сɺܿɽ塣
ɽܺãⰲһҲûС
Сϡأ
쿴ܡ
ΪɽˣϾͰҲסϾҲطס£ȻҪһΪϲ¶ﲻߵİˮˮһ㶼طģȴ˭ӰӶû
ȥˡ

ʮǰʧ٣ʮϤĹȫȥˣϾԲ⡣
Ȼ̾鷳ˡ
û˵ʲôС翷ϵСԺӣԺĴľһɫС̨ǵϾµģ˭ҵصǾ̨ʩϴе̨ӦСӦ
΢⣬̨£һƵһû
ʱһΣת۰ʱȥ
ʱһ֣֯˵ɽ翷塣
磡
һϲͼһȥʮһŮ嵽ֱ˵ǰһ¾͹ҵĲϣʮʵˣϾ顣
㵣ˡ
Ц
ʮϾٲȻһֱ
û̫ˣ
Ͼ鱧ˮ֡
֪ɽʧʧٵ£ŵĻȥ찲ȻվǰǺܸˡ
ڸղţѰ죬ͻȻ̨йصСӦ־ϲٶȻصɽ
û£Һܺá
Ц
ϾɿĲӣеˮǿ¡
ȻСҵˣҲ¾ͻЦǿԱߵķ۵СɣЩ棺С£ǣ
СɣϾ˵ͷСɵйùá
ùá
СɺϾغ
ϾһסˣµĻСɽԼùãɴۡ
㡭ǣǵġ
£ֿ죬ֿСɣȻܲµóܶ£ͶɵŴʵǱĲᡣ
ʮ֮¾кˣ


1800 Ϊж
ϾǱˣʮټ죬Ȼ˹⣬ңСһﶼѾˡ
ɴ۶£ֱȥʮʱǽʵԱƽһЩֱֹȥƽ
ǸˣȻС¶ܹƭ֣Цſ죬ЩƤȻСЩǿ˸ˣҲûȢСˡ
ЩΣôǹƭأ
Сɰùñ
ϾĿ䵽СϣƮ˹ȥСɲ䰡ģϲòˡ
ʱ䣬ܿǴŰ̶ӹȥವļƿɽ𣬰µȺϻأ찲Ȼ󣬸Ǻܸˡ
󣬵˿Сɣ֪ѾΪޣ֪СµĺӣһĿ࣬𾪣ǰˮˮ𾪵ͬʱЩ߷Ȼģ첻סĥ
ģ첻ɵоԼ䱦һ
ʱţܿʱȥ
һͥ
ʱµСߡ
漴ֺϾҲ뿪ɽ
ʮʱ䣬һ˶ڵȻҪʱͥЩڵһʱ֪Լܰȫ£Ǽġ
뿪ɽܿǻص֣ͥꡢѩҹ˹Ѷڣͥǿս֪ҲϾһʮǰȥѰˣֱҲûл
ΨһֵҵǣһʮȥѰʱҲϾɽµǷ̨ƵĶҽͥǿսأЩսҲ֪µĶʹ÷Ǹ֪졣
ʩ󣬴һʱһеƿȺͥһϤӰصͥ찲Ȼ󣬶ޱȸˡ
ǵˡ
Ц
ɱʮʥʧܣһҪˣʮıʹĥѣ»صٴμϦꡢ桢ѩҹС̫Ͱˣܸˡ
û¾ͺá
ЦдһЩˮ
쿴ֿ桢ѩҹǣϦǵɫ㲡
Ȼʮǹòãʱÿһ춼ڼ尾ͽжȹʱ޿̲ٵ
ͬʱС̫ơ桢ͷӢ۵ûмŮǰ㲣ҲٲʮҲһѰһߵ
Ǹˡ
˵
ѽ
С̫ļϣϲ䰡ģ˵Ĳˡ
Ҿƴţ

ţ
׻źС
£ͥǿսǰȥ׼
ǣһգͥϲǳ찲ȻĻع飬һϤͷһʯȫȥޱɡ
ʱҴңصͥһһ¹ȥһͼһ𣬽Լ³ѾһŮºĸ֪Ůӣļ֤£ͼŮͬʱͥھٰ˻Ҳв롣
³ˣȴܷǣңҪҲһݣһѵļ֤°ⳡ
ʱһֱڴҴţתۼ䣬عʮʱȥ
ɣС
ɽϣЦŶһ߱С̫ˣС֡
һ죬Сʮˡ
յµ˼ʮʼ̵С
ţ
СɹɵĵͷɿŵС̫Աߡ
꣬ƿŷԾŴǾޣǴؼйžѡ̫ž̸ɣⲿžΪʺŮС
ڽйУɵı𾪣̫žΪ˵ܼѣȻŸո̫žļ䣬һ˲䣬Сɱ˳Ľ֮תҪκһʱɽʮڶ̶ʮʱǴӷ֮ﵽΡ
⽻֯貵̫Ԫ⣬Ũǿת̫žɢ̫Ĵȣ˶ˡ
ͷ𺳣ڴ̫žȺ̫ľҩ䡢ӡ콣һȾŴСɶת֮ת硣
󣬽ڶ̶̵ľʱСֻתµľŴĹκĵرվ۷塣
ʹ𺳣ɽһˣ⣬ҲĿࡣ
⣬⡭ֱΪж
Ӳû


1801 ɱȽ
κĵر̶̾յʱǴӷ֮ﵽվ۷壬ٶȼֱǺ˵㡣
һѵţ
ˮˮۡ
쿴ԼŮɵøоգ뵱ڴﵽ۷壬ʱʱгԵ£ɶǻ˺üʱ䣬СѾͷ̶̾ˡ
ܺǱ̬ʦˣ
Ҳۡ
Ψʼպܰһ߾ĿСʮ͡
콫ŴйžȫСɣСת۾ƿأоԼֻҪˣȫû̵ҪСѾͷ̫ˡ
ʱ䣬ţ֮һۣʱȥ
ʱʱɽȻҪ̵ΪףɻСܻǵú¾СѾͷ
ͬʱϦꡢѩҹ桢ҲɽСȻǷǳϲҲᾭСɺȥͥ
ʱСɲûоʵʱ򲢲ֻܶ࣬ǴͨϣȴɴﵽΣĳ˶ԣܾԼ⼸ǧǰ׻ˡ
Ҳһ죬ҹʱ֣һ뿪ʮںǿϡ
Щ£ȥ˶ˣ
ǿдŵ㷱ǣǿ˺ѷ죬ɫ⻷⣬С
һ˲䣬һƬĴɽգ֯׳Ϣ
Ƚ硣
дű˵ĺ⡣
ʮǰ桢ҹԬƸΪľȡʮһռ䷨йɱʹһ˲ɱʮ޹飬ҲŹˣɱ
һգȽ磬֮һ棬Ƭ֮ˡ
Ƚ֮ϣһһӰпռѷƿУתۼʧһ嫵Ĺųǰ
ųǣǳȽĻʳǡ
ûаͣ٣նУһųȻʳȥ
ʲôˣմʳǣ
Ȼʳвǿߣ쾹ȻʳڶУ¶ɭĿ⣬ȫʮ֮࣬Իǿɱ졣
ĽŲû˿ͣ٣һʳѹһƻƶ
ոճϲһȺһѹĻʣ£ڵر󷢳رҳһһδӡ
ӱ䣬ɫ֯أʮ졣
ɨƬ嫻ʳǣĿڻʳĴһʥϣøӱˣˡ
䣡
һɫ׵һ䣬˲ϢĴʥ֮ϡ
һʥֱӱķѣһ޳Ӱವһ
˭
һ꣬ԵЩᣬʥг󣬵ɨʮ
漴һ̣ʱʱɫ
㣡û
ͫһȻ棬ΪȽӣһγȽ֮
ʱԬƸҹ죬ʮɱľȡȴһ·ǵĻͻƣȻ٣𺳲ѣǸʱΪˣֱӺԬƸҹ롣
Ǹʱ񾳾Ȼ٣𾪣һʿ񾳲ΣȻ٣ʵޱȹ죬ͬʱǵʵ̫ɲˡһʱػصѧԺȴûзӰҲûз˵ӰǺҹ䡢ԬƸΪѾˣϾʱ̫ˣǶʱͲΪʱǵ״̬Զȹǵ١
Ȼû뵽ǣȻûţڹȥʮ֮󣬾ȻͻȻƬȽ磬˳Ȼʳ
ܺãûĺܺã㴳طãûձֻУ
Ц
Ż䣬һһɺӿȻ񼶲Ϣˡ
ʮʱڣӵİ벽񾳳̤񾳣սǿ
Ϣ֯ʮռΪ֮ҡ
쿴
৵һһ˲ǰֱһȭڶԷϡ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ֱӱ
Ƭ磬Ϊָﵽ۷壬صʮֹȥ꣬Ϊﵽڡ
ңΪҪǣɱʮ޹飬ɽʧܵΪȫʧ˺ʹ꣬³׽ϣΪָһŮŮľţ󱯺ʹϲ޾ıʹ߳ĵʵɱ䣬᲻ɴݣսȻǿ
棬ڶѣڵΪļ᲻ɴΪڵֻǰûʲôԡ


1802 벽
ĿѪˮƮڿУ汻һȭɫǱúѿŭĶ죺㡭
ϵıû˿仯ڵȭͷ𶯣һ۵һķ顣
ӣ
ȻʳŲٵǿߣʱһĻɫ䣬ǵĻӿǰɰϵȻ񾳲Σɴ˿ȴȻô׵ı˻
漴һ̣ವƿȻʳУһһǿ߳𣬳ɱȥ
ңصתؾ۳죬ɫһƬɭ
ȥ˿죬ΨУ޾䡣
⣬ȻȻѹ֯ճյⷽʳڵһǿʿܲѹһڵһʱʣԵ¡
һĻĸոؾ۳涯ľΪʱģɶǲǿߣ඼Ǵڰ벽񾳽磬ǿߴУȻԶԶûǿʵȴҲܾˣȻôһǿߣȴȻһ˿ѹ¾ȫʣϢǶ£Ǵһ㡣
һʱ䣬ɫøѿʱоǿ󣺡㡭
৵һƿһγǰûκλڵĶֻǼһȭ
ۣ
Ѫˮȫⲻˣֱӱķ顣
棬ֽӡһöӡһμû뵽ʶС

̼䣬淢̶ҽУסĿ̡
㡭ʲô
Һ
ڳӡ֯ɫķӡ⣬ֱӽС
һ˲䣬еĸңڵֱӱ
֮ǰĵӡݻʶɻһʹ࣬ͬǧϰ㣬һ㽫ʳֱ
ڼʹ࣬ɺܾңûм˿Գܵˡ

ҽС
ҲʱƺĲҽУƺǸӦ˻ʳңʳʮӰǽ֯񼶲ǿһˣһϮۣǰ벽
ʮˣͼеѿڣǣϡ棡
ʮ˼ǰһĻĿǰϣǱһ

ʮͬʱˣɱ졣
Ƕԣ̫Ҫ̫ǷǳȽδϣݲκ֮
һʱ䣬¡¡ģʮɾ˵֮ܽ֯⣬š
˵㴳ĺܺãֻֻ֣ܹң
ǿŲҽУЦſ졣
ȽʮǿǿʱһɱԼİΣܹ϶ˣΪǿҲֻǴڶѣܵסʮ񼶵ǿߣοһѾҪˡ
䣡
ܺҲʱʮɱǰľֻԶ
ܹоǿѹвֻǣıû˿飬Ŀⶼûдƿɱ䡣
ǧѩᴩǡ
ڡ
䣬һ֧Ѵڳ߱ĳì˲Ϣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʮѪգը벽ڵĳȽ棬ȫڵһʱҽжûд
̼䣬Ȼʳڣ˽Ծɫ䡣
ϡ棡ǣ
ôܣ
һڳȽǿ߾𺧣ǳȽǿһڣ񼶱𣬿񣬾Ȼ˲䱻ȫ
Ҳ־ֺĶ죺㣬㡭
ǰһĻԤȫһΪԼһǳһڵһʱĨɱ죬ǣȴǺԤȫ෴Ƚİ벽ǣһ˲䱻ȫĨɱһ˲ȫʧ
ݣ
΢ѴԶɻأһμû뵽ڡ
棬ı飬һƬ䡣
ʮǰ漸Ϊ˶ĺʮ޹ڿռ䷨ɱζҪɱ档ȽǰҲ֪Ƚа벽񼶵ΪֻҲܵ˰벽ԣ֮ǰǧѩ
ǧѩƷֻΪ׼ʱȴµ֮㲻ʩչ޷չ۷ܣҪɱʮͨһ벽ٲȻҲû˿ѶȣڣҪɱһʣҲס
棬Լɱ裬סǧѩĨɱȽ뷨
棬ӱ䣬ӡѹԷʹöԷû˿ݻĵӡڶԷϣǧ棬һʳԷꡣ
̲סٴηҽУסĲ죺šŹңʲôӦ㣡ҿɡ԰ƬȽ罻㣡áƬ磡


1803 ɱ
ûԸȻҲԸ⣬ڲҽŹ񣬳ȽĴǿȽͳȽڣˣǳȽµˣֻҪ첻ɱŹԸ⽫Ƚס
쿴棬ϵıû˿仯䣬Įûһ仰

ҽвϴдݵĵӡϲʳ꣬ʹ಻
תۣʱȥ
һգĲҽ˥䵽͹ȣգҽгʧ곹Ϣʧһɶֻ
춯֣һնͷ­ֱһķ飬ŶԷͷ­һڳǿ߾ֵУһ߳Ȼʳǡ
ڳȻʳ⣬ŻһУһ̳һƬ硣
磬ɽһһռԵЩΪرǣϹһֵѪ¡
ͷ­Ƭ磬һһʧúһΪǰ
Ǿ޴ڣ˵ĵһһȻǣ
ûͣ£ֱУһǿ߸ɭвǿֱӳ񷣬ųìᴩ졣
ȻڳȽʳʱһЩϲˣһʱ뱻ѹ¡
ﬣ
Ŀĵһʥϣֱ̧֣һ貵ĽâɶӲལ
һʥԳһӣһʱǱնķ顣
ವģʮӰĵгϴɭɭ
бһ꣬Ȼҹ䣬һν
㣡
ʱ򣬿죬ҹıһдԵľɫ
һΪѾˣȴ룬ʮ쾹ȻǰҴ
󣬵ŵͷ­ʱɫͱ䡣
桭
ͫ΢
һ񾳽磬սۻ룬񣬾Ȼɱˣ
ͬʱԱߵʮҲĿ΢Ȼ֪ˡ
ϾǿɶһϹŶĶԣȽĻӣǻǶ֪ġңǳȽĻӣǰɰǰʮ𣬾ӡ
ʱ򣬿쾹Ȼͷ­ٲȻɱȽӣʮȻòݡ
䣬ǣ
ʮ񾳣ǿڰ벽ΣʱĿϣԭǺҹʥһЩ£񿴵ͷ­һʱ䶼ȴʥٵ£һ濪ڣѯҹΪȻóҹʶ졣
棬Ǹ죬֮ǰǸԺ쾧ʥĶɵıˣҲǸͻʱܹٵˡ
ҹ
⻰һʮǲɵöݣĿһ

˫ۣмӵâ
һͻ񾳾ȻٵˣȣͬʱԺ쾧ɵıȻǾֵ
ԱߣʮҲĿ̾⡣
ѹȡºʱҪɱоһϡ
һϵ
ǱضҪȡģͻʱȻ٣ȻҲǷǳ⡣
ʱһʱ䲻ȴʥٵ£ȽĻӱն˵飬ҲֱԺ
Եˡ
ʮϵ
ǵĻû˿仯Ŀֻҹϡ
Ĳûб仯ҹԱߵʮȫ˿ֻһҹȥ
Ѱ·
ҹȻ֪촳طΪɱ
û˿⣬ʳУȴﶼϣ㴳ȫ
ıûκα仯һͻȻ٣˲ҹǰȫҹԱߵʮֱһȭҹ¡
ˣ
һ죬ȭƺţҹ䵱仯ݺһ
Աߣȴһ쾹ǣֱӿ絽ǰȭɱҹ䣬ȫǵǿ
ſ񣡡
ʮ飬֮ҪȡڵĺҪѹоǶ֣ѹ¡
ʮɵİܣһʱǽȫ
ݣ
Ҳʱһ΢𣬻ȭҹڣǧѩĴһƬ»صڡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽʮըһʱ
ͬʱȭͷããգֱӽҹź䴩


1804 ͷ­
תۼ䱻նҹűᴩѪˮƮڿУ˱ɫ
ϡ棡ǣ
ˣ
⣬⡭
˽Ծִ
һʮϣ񼶱𣬿ȴ˲䱻ȫĨɱҹ䣬񾳽磬ɰǰʮһε磬ת۱һȭ
һУֻһ˲䡣
ҹӿѪ죬ֹסķ㣬㡭
ûʲô仯ɫһı䣬ӡ𶯣ҹֱ֣ѹӡסܡ
ͬԴǰ㣬ݻĵӡҹʶУֱӸϣҹ䷢̶ĲҽС
ڣһǿֻĿҹĲҺûһ˸춯ʲôҲΪһ˲佫˶նˣЩʲô

ҹҺʱ䣬޾ʹĥУҹ걻ȫϢȫʧ
ﬣ
춯֣նҹͷ­һǿ߾ֵУֱ߳ǡ
⣬ڳһ⣬ֱӴŻУʧ硣
ݺ⣬棬û񼶵Ϊ޷ƿݶȥµǧѩǧѩƣҪƿϣ׾١
ںڰУҲ֪ȥ˶ʱ䣬ڣҹͷ­һĹɽѰԬƸûκο˵ģֱֽ֮Ĩɱնͷ­
ȾѪͷ­˺ŻúһƬ硣
ƬܻߣΪһƬ磬ƬһСĴɽڣɽڣĺһĹʮ֮ࡣ
ȺĹ֮䣬Ĵ桢ҹԬƸͷ­ڵϣһ仰ҲûУֻĬĬվԭأĬĬĿһһĹ
ΪɱʮµĹһգն桢ҹԬƸ˵ͷ­ЩĹǰԼʮ顣
վطһվǰ£ɷ紵ܣֱ֮һƣ뿪ڿյ֮ϣС֮ڿȥ
񼶵ɨӣһжȶзŵЩǽӱĺܺãʱȺŬԵúܿ̿ࡣ
ͦá
·ʮĹϢʧ֮ϡ
֮ûкķѶõʱ䣬ںǿУʮȥ
ΪȻܿͻصʮǣھɽ
ɽϣʱ֣ϾСˣС̫ˮˮºͰҲһ𣬷һ߿ţԵú͡
ԡ
ˣ
ʵ͵Ŀ⣬ϾˣСϡ
ˡ
ͷ
ǧѩһڳתûڡ
û˵ʲôֻǿСʱԵøһЩ
ף
СȻǿ죬˹죬Цʮ
ʮ䣬ʵɻֻǸӶѣѾﵽ㾳ԸĸȻ
΢ССѾͷԴ״ȥ档
һעʿȻʿǾͱҪǿҪŬССɣȴһҲϸ񣬾ԭһǳڶŮ۰ǣһ;ϵʵ̫ˣòȥʲô
ţ
СͷҪȥ棬ȻǷǳġ
һ죬С뿪ɽǸһϾͰˮˮûиϣֻºСһ߹ʮĸ䣬ǰʱ߹ĵطСһˣ漴Ƿɽڡ
ʱһΣתۼȥ
ʮˣɳΪһͤͤĴŮ˷ǳܱȲµҲ޼ˡ
Ҳһ꣬Ůɳʮ꣬ΪҲѾǷǳǿѴﵽɾٴȥˣΪҪ˶ãѧԺƿص·ҪҪ·ѰеĽƬǶԷǳҪ
ԭѧԺİ׷һʼƴԼõŻῪ·б䣬ǰѧԺͨµϢ·Ž֮
ºԼŮһһգкС̫ƺͰһ׼뿪
עⰲȫ·ģŮչ˺ĸ׺ͼλСԼλƯùõģǶĺúõģ
ظƤĺ֤
á
첻ɵЦŮ̳µò;ʣȴǺ²̫࣬ʮֵĹ龫֡
ԼŮͷӢֱۡ뿪ǿգ˺Ѵϣǿпڣֱӳڵϡ
үˣ̲ס¶տտľâºܽ·û뵽ֱӱԤڵǰ꣬治֪Ǹʲôүڴ


1805 
ѧԺɼǿԹƿһ·£Լܱߴǿ߶֪·ڴǷͬһ㡣
ȥѧԺɡ

һΪǷǳǿҲǴΣʱֶǴ֮ϣԣûкķѶʱ䣬ѧԺ
ѧԺڣ񣬵ΪѧԺӣѾǾۼ˵Ժ֮ڣжǼдտտâΪ¾ܽѧԺƿص·˸־ԵҾ˵ͨʥ·˶ڴš
Ͼ·еѧԺӼѧԺĿġ
˵еʥ򣬾˵Ҫ˵Ĵ磬֪ܲɱȥһ磬ԶԶʺ˵Ǿ˵񱦡
׻˫۷Ź⡣
û˵ʲôҲȲҪ·ģǴеĽƬʲôʥҪڽƬ֮
Ƶ˻صڵѧԺľĬĬŸֽ·׼
תۣһζš
һ죬ͬʮǰ㣬ѧԺеԺ߲ǿԷеѧԺ׼ƿڵѧԺеĹ·
һʱ䣬ಣһƿֻתۼѣѧԺ䳡ϱռӰǵѧԺӣһ̳
·еԺӵĿꡣ
ˣ
ڵѧԺصϣһ
漴һ̣Ϣ䣬ѧԺĺ䳡ϣǰʮӰ֣Ϊףһ׷ߣһߣһߡ
У׷ߺȻǵһ˼ѧԺߣˡ
ֱһ죬췽֪׷ߣǵѧԺĸԺ
׷һģΪѧԺԺҲǸԺ
ˣΪˡ
ʮˣΪѧԺִϣԴ񾳡
˵ףλˡ
ߵʮƽ
䣬Ͱ׷ԼԺԺһ֣ⷨӡʮ󣬺һⶴǿһеĺڶ㣬ֱǧɡ
ⶴͨ·ڣֻеѧԺԺ͸Ժ֪֮û⿪֮һ۷ۣҲûа취֮򿪡
ˣ
ⶴϹν֯һޱȲɣϢһʱӿ䳡һѧԺӸ¶貵ľâҲǶµⷽⶴͨ·ڡ
Եʥ򣡡
˫۷Ź⣬ֱĶ˺Ĺⶴקצӡ
ҲĿ̾âⶴ֮·µĽƬ
ӢۺˣҲй⣬ΨС̫ô⡣
ʥ򣡡䳡УһµĳǧĦн֯âƫͷϣ¶ɭɭЦ
䲻Զʱվһ꣬һͷ̵ĳϢǳˣΪɰϵڶ廪ǣĿųǧĦһ㣬Ҳϣ΢˫ۣһյĸо
һλϣĪЩ䣬ĿڹⶴϣȻȻо˵֯ΧһڵԺӶɵһ̲סˡ
üһѾ벽ˣ
ҲӦĪɢ¶ɫ
ҲɵöݣʮǰĪǴڣʮغѾﵽ벽񾳣ȷʵˡ
ˣ
Ҳʱһ𣬷ǳΪյԺĵʮ
֮ǰκһ졣
£ѧԺԺһοڣֻһ֣ߡ
ʱطһڵѧԺӸеľâΪŨ財
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮ϻصһѧԺӽԶˣ볯Źⶴڳȥ
ֻת۶ѣĵѧԺӳⶴڣʧڵѧԺ֮ڡ
ߣ
кˣնҲⶴתⶴԵ
Ҳʱһ죬ѧԺϿղѿһ޴϶һӰпǽ֯ž˵Ļ⣬ˣǿ
һĻһ˱ɫûûⶴĵԺӱɫȻǿѧԺԺԺҲǲɵΪ֮ݡ
壡
׷ֱĿ⣬źڵĺ⡣
չţ
һϮһԺԺȻͰ׷һ֪ȺͻȻֵĲƻӰҲ֪ʲôĿġ
£˺۵ԺԺһ֣ʱѾ˲ûδⶴЩѧԺӣֱӿʼպϿĹⶴû˽С


1806 ·
һ֯Ӱ֣ʱж٣ˡ
ѧԺԺͰ׷ߺԺͬʱ֣취ӡһʱʹñĹⶴ鵭
ôãץסʱǹزʥ򣬵У
Į𣬲ϵĴѷУһߵӰɫսףһʥֱӽ֯һܼĹƣʮռ֡
̼䣬ѧԺ֮ϵĹⶴһٱ鵭ѧԺԺԺ񷨹ӡһȫʧȥá
ʥ
ѧԺ΢
ڼ׵ǿĮһ֣ǣɱȥ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һȺ𣬴ӲϵѷгһӰֱӳǹⶴڿȥңڻˣɱڹⶴһڵԺӡ
תۣҽ𣬲ٻδⶴеĵѧԺӵѡ

ѧԺԺԺӱ˿̶֣һƼĨɱƬƻӰѪһը
ߣ
𣬲ϣɫս׵ǵӰ£ѧԺԺ
ͬʱϢ˿Ӱ֣ѹ׷ԼѧԺԺ
̼䣬¡¡𶯣ǿսһʮռһʱ
⣬⡭
Ͱ׻ȫסˣҲû뵽ڵѧԺ·ڵʱ򣬾Ȼᷢ£ôһȺǿֱӴѧԺڡ
ʱȻҲľҲǲϵᷢ¡
ͬʱҲڰ׷ߵǿ󣬾ڵѧԺԺԼǺ߸Ժǿߣһ̣ϸоѹ

ﬣ
б鲼Ӱ֣罣С̫ն
΢ĿӰ׷ջأ콣ֱӽ콣âķ顣
ߣȥ
԰˵ʱͨ·Ĺⶴţ˵ԺͻպʧڱҪУһҪȡڵĽƬ
ߣ
ͷ
£һ˸תһУתʧⶴ
ͬʱವƿһ𣬲ƻһӰҲɿûⶴ֮
ǵӲСʥ·ҵԺͷֵĹ·鲼޾崳룬ȫڣ
ѧԺԺҫʮŸźɫս׵ĻǿߣĮĿڣͬʱţѹԷ
ڼ׻ǿЦЩӡ޾Σʧˣ˭ǵοЩѧԺеˣһȫ𣬵סĶǣգʥֻ֣֮ƿأ
˵⻰ڳĻ⣬ǻһ㣬ˡ
ͬʱһط׷ߺͺ߶սǿߣʵ£ӿһƬƬռ䡣
˵âûʮ
һУһȻǿˣʱⶴȫںڰ֮С
漴Ҳ֪˶ãǰ¸˳²ʵʵϡ
ȥĿһƬƬΡɽȺеŨˣطȻȻ֯еɻԡ
ȴЩ׳ɽȺ⣬ҲһЩطǳƣضһƬڡ
·ۣôⶼһ·
·ֻô˵˵ѣȻǼ򵥵·ԽǾ޴Ŀռ·޾׳Ŀռ·

׻ۣˣǼ򵥵Ĺ·Ŀռ·վ··ضͨзĸߣ
򡣡

Ϊʲô
ʵνȻǹ·ضͨз֪ôжϳġ
ΪϢ·һֱΪУ˵ͷǿͨʥȻǰܹͨʥŻС
Ȼԭûе治֪¡
ߡ

ʱУĵһĿ겻ʥ򣬶ҵĽƬ
һУת۱ǿȥԶ
˵֮ǰЩƻˣǸ׷ͷǻ塣ڣǺǸйأЩˣᶼǻĲ°ɣ
һ壬һѲ֮뵽һȥ
ͷ⣬Ӧþˡ
ʱǰѾ˲ӰǵѧԺһʼ·ĵӣ˶ڿʼ̽·ѰһԵ
ҲʱವƿһӰ֡
ɱ
ȺƻӰǿΰˣ֮ǰ֮ⶴĻʿʱ·һˣĿ飬Ϊ׵һ˿ڣһڻʿֱӶ֣һɱһˡ


1807 
ӿгĻǿʱ֣ϢԺˡ
쵱ǶݣȺʿǳһɱǿڼҲɵüУоٹѹһһѹһǴ۷Ρ
ˣ
ͺȣк˼ܡ
ôһȺǿɱһ˵ܵˣ̫ˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ̶֮һ˵һʱ佫ٶȷŵ죬·ȥһת۱ǿȥɵľ롣
ͬʱ·ϣһʼеĵԺǿЩʿɫǲɵ΢
ǣ
ɻܿĳȺʿǵѧԺӣǵѧԺӣȴȻУô£
һ̣Щ˱ֶݣΪĻʿֱӻӶеѧԺӣ鹥ɱϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ЩʿȻǱѡǿߣȵѧԺҪǿϲ٣תۼһѪˮըһһѧԺӱĨɱ
̼䣬һڵԺӶʱȻͻȻЩʿǵˣ
䣡
˿ʼַɱĻʿ
ȻĻʿ̫ǿˣսˣ࣬ŽᣬʿһѧԺӣһĵѧԺӸסת۱вٵѧԺʹһڵԺӽԾ塣
ô£Ǵģ
ŵһڵԺӾŭ⣬ŸͬķӶݡ
նɾ󣬵·ͷʥ򣡡
ȺǿУһ
ǣ
һʿߺȣŶһڵѧԺ׷ɱȥһɹ·ϸλòϵǺˡ

ͰƵʱѾȥԶλãͻǿ˺Զ룬ȴܹо󷽵һɹɼܲȻ֪Ļʿ׷ɱ·ϵѧԺӡ
鷳үúõѰѰԵôôһȺ˵
ĥ
Ļʿս̫ǿˣĶǴ۷壬ң٣󲿷ֶ񼶱ٸ
ҲüôһȺʿ룬ȷǵһЩţϾȺʿĺǿսˡ
˵ǸʲôȺ
ʵ
֪
ҡͷ
֣ҲһҲ˽⡣
Ըоĳһǳǿ
ϾȷԺͻйأһ۷ȺȻܻ
ô죿
׻ʡ
·ԭŵطѰҸԵ䣬ŴͨʥŻ񣬻ǿʿУȻҪĨɱ·ڵĳȴˣҲҪʥ򣬶սǿһʱ仹һЩš
룬ǻһǵˣʱùǣ֮ǰļƻѰҪĶ䵥Ļ壬ֱĨɱ
ڣֻҪϵˣüɵʲô
㶼ô˵ˣǾô졣
׻
һˣٲȻΪĹǡ
ͷкһˣ·ȥͬʱɢǿһ̽ѰѰҽƬټһ߷ŽеĻǿʿ
ܿ죬һ˿ȥԶУʮɽ
Ҳʱߣֱ˦֣ǰնһ
ﬣ
̶һնʮռһʱ飬ǰն顣
һ̣ವƿ𣬱նУһӰһ
ܲ
Цһֿ⣬ȻǰɰǰʮĳǧĦΪ塣
ˣʮǰĽѵҵǰ
ųǧĦŵ
ǧĦɭɨһۣһ飬Ŀϡ
Ҫˣ

Ż䣬иһȭͷСͭ¯ֱӽ¯ڸ𿪣һӰгһۼ仯һͷʮɸߵȻ
𣡡
һͷѪԳһѪɫǿˡ
ӿܣһƬƬֱӱŤ顣
һʱ䣬˶ǲɵöݡ
Կȳڼǿˣ
׻ü
ͬһʱ䣬ơ׻桢ӢۺͰҲǲɵ΢΢üֻһͷ񼶱ޣǶԣѹܴ
Ψıûʲô仯˿Ҳ񼶵ѪԳĿڳǧĦϣһƬĮգ


1808 նɱ
ڼѪԳǳˣ˿Ҳ⡣
ԣֻڼϵ˲ɵ
Ҫ㲻״ǧĦӱˣſ⣬Цɱ
䣬ѪԳһХʮգһ졣
ȻҲʱƿһˣһһ̳ѪԳǰ
ˣ
ûκζĶֱӻȭպһը˰㡣
һ̣ȭͷѪԳϣֱӽѪԳĺɣӴԶ顣
⡭
һĻƺͷӢ۵һڸ˶Ǵ󾪣ǿһͷڵޣ񣬾Ȼһȭ͸ĺը飬Ǻεȭ
ǧĦȻҲǶʧɫΪζȡĺѹһͷ޼ƿأԭΪ׼佫ѹĨɱºȴû뵽һνѣų޾ͱˡ
ңԼ䣬оΪȻѾﵽڣľԭΪȥôʮ꣬ﵽڶѣȴԤϵҪǿһС̨ףǿҲֻǲڶѡ
𣡡
ԶѪԳХѾﵽ񼶱󣬴˿۶
ؾ۶¡¡ģѪɷ֮ڽ֯һһŵѪâ¡¡ʮռҡԱȸղǿ˺ܶࡣ
ǧĦӱֱվֻǿһЩѣ޵ǿκãٴѪԳɱ
ѪԳѹ󣬿ӡĸȫΥ
𣡡
һѪԳѪٴγ졣
һΣѪɷޱˣʴ͵죬ǳ¡
ıûκα仯ֱӽֻͼͬʱȻһתתۺֻͼںһ𣬻ǿֻͼһƥϵϢһʱƵΪǿֶΡ
ֻͼֱӽɱѪԳ£
ۣ
ѪˮɽѪԳֻͼ֮£һʱǷ顣
ңͨҲ˲䱻
һɱһͷޣ⡭ôţ
ۡ
ͷӢ۵Ҳ𺳣֪ղѾǼ˵ǰǿսǳǿᣬѪԳɻ̲סȻ
Ͼǿһͷ񼶱ްȻֻڣҲ񰡣
һѾɱˣ
׻ۡ
ļ£˶ٺ󣬱ָֻЩƽ˵ʵҲϾǸĪ̶նɱСӵʱͬһʱ¡
е
ͷ
ǿֻ壬Ҿʮ٣ǿж壬ʱͬûпܻǸĪ̲
ಣ
ƿյһӰԶǧĦԶˣһֱѡߡ
սԤϣԭΪͷޣԾԵѹ죬ȴ룬ͷ񼶵ѪԳȻǰĨɱˡ
ͷ񼶵ѪԳ춼ɱȻԼܹ졣
٣˵ճֵʱһקӣôֱˡ
׻Ц
ûʲô仯ŶԷӶݣֻһ˲佫Է¡
˵գ
ƽ
˵ţֱӶ֣һ¡
ǧĦĻֵȴ˲㱻ıİֱϣ۵һ

ŭԽ֯ܲӿתۼؾ۳
ȻŸոؾ۳ĵڶƱǵˣתۼ֮ϣ۵һֳ
ˣ
貹Էӿܲ𾭺ܾˣתۼʹһ۳
ҲʱĵƳ
۵һһα飬ݻѪˮϡ
죡
괫˻ٲȻó
ýеôҾƽһֳ̽ԷҽֻͼҲһ·
һ£һ۵һǧĦĵķ飬漴ֻͼ֮һѹ䣬ǧĦйͬһ֡
ʥԼѹԵϢӿתۼ佻֯ʮռڣĳǧĦһʱо˻в̲סеס֣һж
飬ֻͼѹ䣬ǵǿѹһУʱʶ޷ſˡ
ûʲôġ

ҪɱȻ飬ֻͼѹ£̼䳹ԷйǣֱԶԷ͵һ顣


1809 Ѫɱ
ѪƮڿУһ˸ɵһ
ڵѪԳڵǧĦȻôݵʱ㱻ȺɱսֶΣֱЩˡ
ǡ
׻ۡ
̫ˡ
̲סڣǵսʵںܾˡ
£»壬Ϣʱ˲١
նɱ񼶵ͷѪԳǧĦ̿ƺܿɣʵϲȻݵĹУѾķ˴Լ˳ɵ
ߡ
кһ˵ȥһһ߻ָ
һۣһг˺Զ
нƮһŨķ㣬ǰԶʮɹ⻷Ƶıߣÿһ걦϶һöɫӡ
ѪɹǰһȻô࣡
ȻҲϳЩӣһֺܲ׵ĵرڰ벽κʿԶѵõ䣬Īļֵ塣
£֣ʮ걦ϵѪɹȫժ£ָ桢ӢۡơͰ׻С̫ǲҪΪѾǴ񾳲ˣòѪɹ
·ϻԵذôһЩطѰ䣡ֲЩſһͷ­ѧԺȻ·
׻Щ˷ܡ
Ҳ˷ܣˣǲɵâ
ЩѪɹóȴ졢С̫˵ǣڶʱٶһС̨׵Ϊ
һεĵطǽЩѪɹȫΪ
˵
񣬻ǿ·ǿߣЩڻ˾ͻɱ֣һҪ콫ʵѰЩѪɹȻð
⸽ĹŴɽ٣ɢǿѰһ̫۵Ļɽҵһεأӡһ󣬶С̫һΪ˻˽Ѫɹ
һʱ䣬ֲһĹط֯һ۱ǴԼ¹ȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ºһȺͻƣǴﵽ۷弶ˮ׼ӢҲ⡣
漴һһ﹮¾磬Ƕͣ
ˬ
ͬͻʱǰ㣬̲ס
׻ҲĿ̾âȻĺܡ
ͷӢĬĬĸԼǰս΢⻷ơ
ܵ˵һ˵ľǺǿ
ˣ߰ɡ

ѪɹѾȫʱҪ·ߡ
һ߳ɽ񼶵һֱɢܣѰҽƬ
·ҪĿģѰɢ·ϵǽƬ
ǰӦһʸǰĽƬľλáôţֲɵ֪棬λǰǼĶսôˣ
еĸǰȻѧԺİ׷ߣΪ֮࣬ǰ·ʱࡢԺԺһԺԺͻǿ߽棬ҲɢѹǴ硣
ôţ漴ҡͷЩҲûʲô壬ûκá
߰ɡ
кˣ·ȥ
䣡
ʱԶմ˵ܲʮӰǲŻ⣬Ϊеǿߡ
ʮӰ֣һʱǽĿһϣɱ
࣬ȫն
Ϊ׵һʿ
ת۶ѣʮ˿絽ǰ۷߸ڣ硣
ֹסŲƫͷȥɵ΢˫ۣôʮҲ鷳
ˣ
ɫâԻûжɫͼʼһֱǿʼǣգۼֱǻʮңʮǿȫ¡
ʮǿ߸һǱʩ˶һ㣬˲Զˣȫ֮ϣڵɲǼ·˰㣬޷ת
㡭
ʮ˿żͼ죬ȫɫ
ǽ·Ѿɱ˲ٵԺӣûʲôˣʱһˣֱӳҪȫնɱһ˲ȫһˣȻȴû뵽־ȻˣһˣȻɲǼ㱻ȫѹ
ſҵȣҪ
һ񾳲ε˿죬һҲûнľ
춼֮˵ʲôֱӵָһâɳ۵һ֮ķ顣
꣬һ
һĻʮһ˸һһ񣬾ȻָͱĨɱˡ


1810 
ʱɱʮ˸ǿҲֻڶѣʱ쵯ָĨɱеһ񣬸ͷһ
㣬㡭
ŵʮһԶʱ죬жǲɵ˾֮ɫ
һָĨɱһսɱǿ̫ˣȫʵĲࡣ
ʮ˵ı飬⣬ûκǿֱ̽ûһʶڣڶԷʶѰйڻϢ
һۣʮȥûԷʶе˳ָʮһâɳֱӽʮһ˵üᴩĨ˵꣬ͬʱĻʿ飬ǿߵǱ
ǷָӢۡ桢ơͰ׻ʩչʥǣԶڶʱ֮ڿ벽񾳲Ρ
ҵط
˷ܡ
ͷڸѰһɽΪһʩչʥǻ
һۣһ¹ȥ
һʱ䣬ʩչʥǺΪһأﵽ벽񾳲Σȸ涼һ
ÿʼˣ
׻
Уﵽ벽񾳺󣬶ҪǿͻƣһĵرѾûʲôãѰؼ䴿Ϣ۶ɵ񾧣ǿֱӴӰ벽񾳴ﵽ񼶲Ρ
ʮǰҹ䡢ԬƸ˵Ļ켺ǿʹڵɵȻɵͬʱΪʵǷǳˡ
߰ɡ

꼸ǣʱǵ·ȥ
Ź·λãܿ죬ǷԽʮĹɽеһЩɽУǿвޣǷǳ񼶱١
·治һ㣡
Ƶ
һĻͨʥôˣ嶼˳ǿ߰׻漴˶ٿ죬ʵСӣ֮ǰ㲻Ѱǻʿʶ𣿲Щʲô֪ʲô
ôʣҲ죬֮ǰѰһʶ
֪˺̫ܶ࣬ӣҴϾ˵㡣쿪ڣһԻ磬һƬҪһҵĴ磬ֻǻޡڶȷʵͻйأΪһסһǿϻڣڣۡ
Ļ׻Ƶ˶ǲɵöݣЩ·ĻʿȻԱҪһҵĻ磬ңȻͻйء
壬Ϊۣǡ

һۣò˵ĺֲܿ
Ҫ֪Ǹɸͨ춯صĴڣл֮ܡ
⣬йʥ¡쿴·Ǹʿʶз֣νʥƺŵǰһƬ򻹺嫵Ĵ磬ǴһŹֿռڵһöӡ
⻰һǶݣǴ磬һöӣʲô˼
ӿ̣𣿡͵ӣ˵ܹɳΪʵĶ˵˵ʶпƺ޾µĶһ磬ܳɳ
һ˵ʵ֮һƬʥ磬Ҳд˵ţŵӳɳΪֻǺ嫣޾ô򵥵˵һ˵õöӣǴ粻ݱ䣬ĳɾͱ㽫޿пҪµ
ʲô
׻˸Ӷݣ඼ɵúݺһ顣
һöӣõڣɻĴ粻ᣬǾ䡰п򻹿µʹһ˸ļ¡
⡭ôţ
ɴ˫ۡ
֮ǰ۷ϻĴؼ䣬ʿ޾ǿ޾ˣȴֻô˶ѣһֳжôˣһ޵еȴȻƣǿǵʲôֱǺţ
˵ʶУģ

һ㣬ʵҲ𺳡
ǣûʶҵʲô
׻ôʵͦ档
ҡͷֻšöӿµ֪֪򾿾ʲô


1811 Ƭλ
֪֮ǿ֪Ǿʲô
´λȥ¡

һһʱ䶼ǲɵڳ˼˵ʵǹھˡ
ô˵ǶǳﰡһҪ뷽跨ȡ
׻קצӵ
ȥһԣǶɲȡ

öӴڹ·ͷһƬؿռڣҪȡȫΪ޹أǸʿʶе֪в۶Թȡߡ
ȡ취ȡ־öԲ뵽˵У
˫ֱŹ⣬Ͳˮˡ
һöҪǿֻž;߱ջ
бһۣûж˵ʲôкһˣŹ·ľͷȥ
䣡
ʱԶգһɼΪ˵ԻһӰֱطеƮڿУʹطƬռ䶼ɵ
һ˶ǲɵöݣһ̣ǿɢѹӰʱֶ˿ˣȻǵѧԺĸԺࡣ
ĺܿ죬ת۳һǰ
ǰ
һæ
ղţǻΪǻɱ˹
ǵͷֱӶֻҵһ֧Ų̫ãЩ˵˵·ͷʥ£ǶѾ˵ɣ
֪һЩ컹ûڣ׻ǲɵ˵СӷѰһʶ˵Ǻʲôʥ򣬶һöţ
⣬漴Ҳûڣԭ׼һˣȷʵһöӣ޾ǰ֣ѧԺµΨһĿģѰҳȡöӿˣǶڴصδǳҪ
غصδôţ
ۡ
һľΪǿҲݣѧԺĴĿΪѰҡȡöӿˣһȻҲԾȸĺһ仰Ⱦ㲻ʲôһ仰öӾȻغŴصδ
Ҫ֪ĴؿɲǼƬô򵥣޾ǿյܺͣдڹ밵ĵطܳơ
öȻǳˣɿȴû뵽ǶϾȻǣ㾪˵Ĺϵ
񣬾Ҳ˵֪ҪǳҪɫ棬ѧԺд޾ǰµĹѵԺҪѰҳȡöӵˣȴʲô˶ԣᵽԲĳĳһǿУ֮һ
⣬ΪʲôֹôоƬصĵˣһͳذɣ
֪˵
ҡͷѧԺѾ޾£ΪһĸԺ֪ѧԺ˶꣬ѵҲֻǼ򵥵һ仰漰ġöӰδҾȴСôһ£һԺԺֻ֪Ժļʼ˼ȻѵһֱǾȻżΪش壬Ǿܴ⡣
ϲǵԺĸԺôԵѧԺĹѵ˽ô
׻ֹ
쵹ûж룬Ÿ࣬˶ʵǣǰк£
ʱһ·ҵǣȻöԷֻ죬һ¡
ͷһΪ˶ӶϷѧԺ߲ʱ򶼱ǣסˣʱ޷·ȴǿʿУΪ˶ӣңмǳ޵ˡ˵öȻûôȡеʿǼܾ޵ˣܾȡȴ˿Ҳܴ⡣
죬ҵʱǣƣӴڹ·ͷϷϣ߾ȫеĻʿ·ͷǿӡ˵ţһתȻԼܹȡã
ԣûôԥ±͵ͷã
ȲᡰҪɱǣһ˵ĵˣҲöӷǳȤҪȥȡȡ;ϣö뵽СЩأ͸оȹʱͲܾܾи
˵ţŸ࣬ŵ֮ǰѰһǰӦҲ֪ǶʲôǰǶ·ʲôλá
Ȼ֪ᵽĶʲôǶ·Ρ˵ţֱӵһָһ΢ûüġ
΢ûüģеһĨâ
΢вһ꣬Ұһ棬бһ߲ɫԴ
ȷȷʵʵǽƬ


1812 
õ·ϵĽƬľλãе֯տտâ
һ£ѰҽƬܹʡȥʱ䡣
лǰ
л
֣ʱޱ鵭
ıʱںͻǿսеܹȶڵʱǳĶ̡
ӵ£иˣϷϣܹлὫȡ
˵
ѧԺڵĿѰȡӵˣ첻ǵԺѵеĻǼرǿߣܹȡӣȻǺܸ˵ģϾ͵ǵѧԺˡ
Ż䣬ø鵭˵ͷ漴ʱɢ
˸޵Ĵ񰡡
׻ֹ
Ҫѻǿߣɲһɵ£ϾĻʿУٸ񣬶۷弶Ĵڣʵǿ̫ˡ
λǰжжԵңеĻʿҪɱǣ֮ľѻǣ͵ۻˣûʲô˵ġ
˵ţкˣնٶȳŹ·ζȥ
·⣬ȻգҲԴռ䣬Ҫռͨг봩ȴǷǳѣƾǿҲõ
Ƕľλãŵöܵ
ʵ
ͣЪնУǵǰٶȶԣҪһҵʱ䡣

ʲôһꣿ
ۣȻû뵽ȻҪķôõʱ䡣
·ɲ̣޷ռͨ£Ҳû취¡

˵ʲôкһˣֱ·ȥ
ͬʱУҲнǿſѰûоֵ߱䡣
һۣµʱȥһնУ·Զ
ºһ죬󴫳ʮɾܣлʿ絽ͬλöϣһ˺ûκλֱ˶֣ɱն
һ۷弶ǿߣɱֻһȴǳˣ˷ĿռȫɱϢһȫУ·նһС
@#%Ⱥ繷յģô׷һȺɱǡ
׻
ֻǴڰ벽Σһ۷ɱǸоļ¡
֣ɨһɫâ
ɫâΪ콣ľ轣⣬˲嶯ֵնɱ⣬Ʋļ䣬۵һᴩǶֵĻʿڣ۵Ľ֮ն飬ңͬҲһС
⡭
ʮһĻʿУд󲿷˶ݣһնеһ۷սЩ˸оľͫײɵΪ֮һ
һʿΪ׵һ꣬ˣ࡭
֮ǰնǸʿʮгȴǿΪˣ˱һĨɱ˲֪Ŀ£ΨкܹԸ죬ΪΪ񾳣ңڼ
ɫĮûж˵ʲôֱ̧֣һ⳯նȥ
ڣ
˶֣˲Ӧ˵ΪǱһ䡣
ңԷΪֻǶԷǼһһ˵ѹתۼܣҲ֪ȸղǸֵ۷ǿ˶١
΢ȻҲоѹϾԷһڵĴڡ
оѹȴû˿⣬ֱӻӶȭӭϡ
˵һһȭѹ£תۺͺĻײһ͵һ֮ķ顣
ôܣΪֻڶѣ˲ɱ۷嵱Ǽ˲ŶԣȻܵס˵һ⡭
ʮʿԱɫ
ԼҲ΢һĨâֱһȥ
䣡
ѹӿѹӡ֯ܣѹ
ûжĶ֣һٴλӶȭӭϡ
ˣ
ǿһȭȸղŵƸǿײһ𣬺·
Ҳûռһ˿Ϸ
ϾΪսһڼǷǳѵġ
ɫ΢ιûܹѹһڼЩһӿѹһ񱩹
첻ܣֻͼֱӳȻҲһʩչͨҲʩչӲɱâѹȰ˻ġ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ĶԾʮΪ֮һƬƬ̮񼶵ΪӭսԷŴѹȴûܵƣͶԷϴƽ֣¡
֣ͣһѹƲ£ЩѿˡһԶճһʿΪһ꣬⻷ƣǴڣһط˳ְһѺˡ
˵ţһֱӴڳ֯ɱĳѹ䡣


1813 Ī̵
貵ѹ죬֯˵ɱڽеĺ껹ҪǿһЩʹ쵱ݡ
սסһǼˣһڼͬʱڵԲܵס
䣡
֯ɱٶȼ죬תۼѹ䵽ǰʮա
ﬣ
Ҳʱһۻ뽣𣬲Զһնޱȣ͵һѹ䵽ǰնķ飬ңƲŻӳԵĻǿնȥٶȱԸӿ죬תۼӳԵĻǰ
һͷɫһƽĽ飬Ŀ⿴âնķԵúܱ䣺ʲôˣ
ͬʱҲݣһߺͺ꽻棬һҲâնķ
һźµԵЩĬʹɵñ΢
ͬʱҲɫһ

һĨɫ
ӲǱˣȻǰɰһĪ̡
Ī￴ۣ󣬳źɫǸȥ
벽뱾֣źַĻǿһ䣺
һͨţ֯޾⣬Īѹ¡
һ֮ǰǿʮ
Ī̵ıûκα仯ת۱֡
ȻɱĻϣȴǶûһ˿һˣгĬ߳ٶȲ䣬źַĻȥ
ʹط˶ǱɫôһŻɱ⣬ȻĪã
ղšûʩڣôᡭ
Ƶ˳Ծ
ҲǾȣղĪֺ̳һֱעŶԷĿҪȳǿܶ࣬Կ϶ղĪ̾ûκηǣǸַĻȴȻĪû˿ЧЩ⡣
ô£
սĺۻҲͫ΢ʱһĻɵü
źַĻһһ벽һ忴ʿȴȻڵĻǿ߸ղżɱЧˣ
˽㣡
ĵһ˵Ļһ󽣣ĽƺҪƬؼһжն飬ƺƵĳĪն¡
󽣣ת۱䵽Ī̽ǰ
񼶽ӿȡ
ĪɳĬ΢˸䣬һ֣ȫɻ۶ɣдǺʻƣƿ죬ƿѹأ֯ƥϡ
ǡ
һʱ䶯ݡ
ͬʱ񣬰ͷӢ۵˾Աɫ
򣬻ɺӣƵۣǡ壿
¡¡측֣Ī󣬻ɺӿ죬ǳǵ̫ǿˣļ¡
壬ԭѹǸĻɱá
и˿˿âʱͻĽ治ɵͣվһλ϶ţĿⶼĪ̵ϡ
źַĻʿĻ⣬Լʿ⻷ƵĻ⣬ֻΪڻ磬йػĹžĻ⣬壬ڻƿһл֮˵ǻĺģһĻ֮˵õ壬ͺñһˮûһ
ȻҲҪΪĲ࣬ϾһۼͨʿĻ⣬벽񼶵ĻҲܵסǽڻҲܳܵˡ
ǰȴǣַΪûбĪֻ̳̫࣬С̨׶ѣˣȻκβĪ̡
ô˵ĪƶԷ
㣬㡭
źַĻ꾪ŭ̲סһĪһ˿η塣
Ϊһǻ壬Ȼ֪жôĿ£ǿǺųֻǿʣֻ岻¿ѹһѪʡ
Ҳû뵽̤·ɱ죬ǳһ
ĪԷûʲôĻɺӽ֯ԭʼˣһ̣ܼĴǣֱźַĻǿѹ䡣
תۼ䣬ɺʮԼлֱ֯ӽԷǡ

񼶵ǿ߾ֵĴУֵܵȻȴס̼ǱɺѹܹĻһѹķ顣
⣬ǡ
ԶƲɵõۡһĨɱһ
壬ɰһ治˵ɡ£
ɵӡ
¶տտâỊ̄жǲɵս
Ī̵ıȻûб仯ͺͣڶŵ죺Ҫæ𣿡


1814 Ҵһ
Īֳ̳֣Ȼ֪ԷΪ˰
ԭҲ֪ΪĪڼԴʱæ
ԷȻΪ˻顣
ʱĪնַǷҪæҡҡͷ
лˡ
˵
˵ţһֱӽ̫ľתޣֻͼһγȻһһ۳ǿֻͼ
֮ǰȣʱֻͼǿ˺ܶ౶ڣɵе֮ʱȫһӿ֯ڣʹսһ˲ǿ˴һ˲䱬ǿ
䣡
ǿսֻͼʥϵϢƵӿȡ
Ϊֹǿֻͼ
ϢһǿỊ̄Ȼûб仯ȴ˸¡
Ļһһֱתߡ
ʱоֻͼĿֲовǿȥԿңԱ߻һڣҲסԣΣֻӶݲдᡣ
ӵĮһսֻͼֱӳŶԷѹ䡣
ĴӿսֻͼǿޱȣʥϵϢڵһʱ佫˷Ŀռȫ
·ס־ŭֿ֣ӭϡ
ֻǣսֻͼ֮£ʱЩˣһʱ㱻ѹķ飬ֻͼƲļѹ䡣

һҽУĺֱӱֻͼѹķ飬Ҳһ
СӣսͻȻ˲٣ڣҲɱ񣿣
Ƶۣ֪֮ս


̬
׻ֹ
ҲֶݣڵΪǿĨɱһⲻòǴЩˡ
⣬⡭
ô࣬Ȼ
һλϣʮʿ
ĪɱһѾļˣôĪǴڰ벽񾳣һܹǵĻ壬ôڵʿȻҲһĨɱǵһǸо඼
ߡˣ
ʮʿУ˲Žֱתӡ
һ񼶵ǿ߶նˣȥսΨܡ
һʱ䣬ವƿʮʿȫߣٶȺܿ졣
ɨʮʿһۣ֣Ƭ콣âˮն
ʱսѾˣҾ۷״̬ʱ˲٣նЩ콣âɿ£նɱµͨʿǷǳ򵥵ġ
ʱ۵ģһѪըƬȾ졣
ʮʿתۼ䱻ȫĨɱ
նݰ
׻ۡ
ս̫ǿˡ
ԼԴûʲôӦߵĪǰ
лˡ
ٴεл
֮սԻɱ񣬵ȴҪķѼǵսֻάһ˲䣬һ˲֮󣬾һҲܹǶ֡һ죬һѹĪְ̳æǿɾ鷳ˡ
ĪҡͷʮǰԾӦá
ղЩˣǻʿһƬ硣
쿪ڣһЩ¸֪Ī̡
֪
Ī̵֮ǰҲлʿҲͬǰѰ˶Էʶ֪¡
˵ͷû˵ʲôŶϵһȥܿʧ
µˣû뵽һͬĻ塣
档
ʮҲһ壬ͬ޵Уʥˡ
쳯￴ۣˣҲ߰ɡ
ĵһĿȡƬ
кһˣ·ȥٶȶŵĺܿ졣
ʱ䣬һš
·ŻɱޱȻңѧԺеĵӾ಻ΪһĵѧԺȻţͻɱǿȣȴԲ˲١
Ͱһ·ȥһۼһʱȥ
һʱһЩȺʮλϮɱмηǳգ۷ǿ׷ɱǣʹǲ㱻ȫ𣬲ջǶΪġ
һ죬·һϢһɽڣа
ˣ
ǰвɵý֯տտâ
ݸ֪Ϣ·ϵĽƬǾλɽڡ


1815 Ϊ
ɽɫƬƬĽ֯ͬʵĳһ㡣
Ͱһطûԥֱкһ˿ɽڡ
ⷽɽΡ룬һУȴʶܵѹƣұѹƵĺϵʶﲻʹãֻпĿ۲ܡ
Ũ죬Ŀܹľ룬ʵǺޡ
Сӡ
֪ۣ׿طЩɫŨ
һۣһƻ˫ͫ䣬һ˸·
ܿ죬ʱȥ
ʱʱлһĨâʶе΢¡
ǸӦµĽƬķӦʶ𣬽֯һ߲⣬ʶУɽķ򵴿
ߣ
ŰһǰУӱÿһЩܿǿʮ롣
ʱǰһˮ̶ռ˴ŷԲʮҵķΧһȭͷС߲ʹԴϣ֯ԣ·ؿǰĵһƹ⡣
һⶫ
ֹ
ѾȡüˣÿⶼһϢܾˡ
ǡ
ЩݣΪȻǵһʱӦԵĲһ㡣
иֳտտâҵˣ
ѧԺ̤·ĿģΪǰ
ʣʶе߲񽣵ĽƬ
ҡ
С̫˵ûԥֱӳǰȥ˲ˮ̶ıԵ
λãʶе߲񽣵£漴ˮ̶֮ϵĽƬ֮ҲһٲȻǸӦ񽣱Ϣ񽣱忪ʼ
ˣ
߲ʹ˸ƬƮͬԼʶ㣬תǰµĳ
漴һ̣ȭͷĴСĽƬ΢һֱûڡ
תۼѣƬζֱʶУݵһûʶײڡ
һ˲䣬񽣱ϵһЩƣɲһЩа߲ʹ
Щ߲ʹԼдž˵д֮ɵ֮֮ӿڡ
н֯ھâ½̫ľתʼЩӿڵ߲ʹ⡣
һʱ䣬߲ľΪһǳٶȿʼ
һ㣬ϰߣÿһҵ½ƬҵĽƬҵĽƬɵؼ
ңÿһҵ½Ƭ½ƬĶٳ̶ȣǺǰΪֱӵĹϵʶ㡣
վˮ̶ߣ߲ʹâ壬ʱƱԽԽ貶Ŀ
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
պ½Ƭ񽣱ȫںһ߲֮ʧֻʣ½ɫ壬ñ֮ǰȶ˺ܶ౶
۷塣

½ƬΪ˴ȵĽ۷Ѿûжپˡ
ɨʶڣ߲ϵЩ˸࣬Żоŷ֮Ĳֻڰ
Ѱɢؼİ˳ɶЩĽƬдԼɵĽƬ

ʶе߲ϣ鲼ƣǣÿһѰµĽƬƬ֮󣬽Щƶһ֣ԣܹ϶ϵЩȫʱ֮ա
֪кεȵơ
н֯һƾâ
̤·ؼԭ򣬶Ӱ켫󣬶Ҳ񽣳ڴһܹٷְٿ϶ƣܾ춯ء
һƽľתһƵǰ
Ƕʲô
̲סʵ񼶵ܹоǽƬĲһ㣬ɢһĸоϢܿ£ɵͷȫ޷ĸоǣȴǰ㿿׽֮ȡУʵЩԾ
ҪĶ

ûжԴ˵̫࣬кһɽȥܿ߳ɽ
ȥ·ͷ
ɽ⣬·˵
̤·ĿĴﵽˣҪȥػˣǵȹĸиҪȥɡ
ңöӵܲһ㣬ܹغصδҲûʿȡ
ͬʱԼҲöӳȤĵὫ֮ȡߣϾǿԽ֮ʥ
ңҲǸڴϣ֮ܽȡ
ߣӱԼȡߣԲ˵õ

£һ˽ڿն𣬳Ź·ͷȥ
ȻҲʱһĿĻննһУʹһ˶ǲɵΪ֮ݡ


1816 ʮ
նļ죬ӵϢţʹ˶ɵöݡ

кͷӢ۵һܣͬʱƳȥԶ
Ļⱻܿȥں󷽵һĹŴɽϣֱӽɽնķΪң̳Ʈ
漴һ̧ͷŻնķȥ
Ӱ֣Ϊ꣬ǲŻ⣬ϢǺˡ
۷壡
ˣݡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƵҲɫ
۷ǿ֣߳һ˵ʵҲֵס
Ψıûʲô仯ֻн֯΢⣬ϡ
ȻܱܿԣǺܲ
Уһ˿ڣˣڿһȺˡ
ϻʮλӺܿ콫ήƬռ䣬ڴǰеȫöӣȡΪǿ޹أȡļʺСֻʮλӿʱ
һĮ
ȿڵ˻ͷ̧֣ӡԻסʮ
¡¡ģʮռֱӱˣԵһѹ䣬Ҳһκһ˿ܵĻᡣ
ӭȻӡѹ䣬ëը۷弶ĴڣǶԣ̫ǿˣȫ޷⣬Ϊ̫ˡ
Ǹ׼ˡ
Ҳʱ쿪˵ѹӡû˿ļɵ
СӣͻȻ˵ʲô׼ʲôǣҪ
䣡
ܳ𶯰˷߲ӿֱӴĻ
һڸ˿˿Ƶ߲ԣ͵ĽѹĻĻӡķ顣
طضʮΪ߲񽣵ĳֲסŤ
ǣ
˶ʱԱɫ
ҲǱɫۣ漴ϲѣȻܻˣ
ôһ񽣣Ȼ֪ģ֪жǿ
ǵǣʥ񾳣үѾ׼ˣ
˷ܵĴצӡ
콫ڵ񽣸˳ǰվŵ۷һҲˣڵΪʩչɱն˶Էˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϣֵĻ꿴ڳ񽣣Ϊ֮ݣȻǸо񽣵Ŀ¡ңԱߵһˣҲΪ֮ͫһ
һ̣бֶ¶տտľâ¶̰Ĺ
ö
ͬʱˣ֣̽Ե߲ץȥ
Ȼʱ뷨ȫһ£Ҫ߲񽣡
¡¡ģ۷弶ѹ䣬ȷŵӡ˼ࡣ
쿴ˣɵЦ
֮ǰǷɽеõµĽƬԼԶݵĹͨʶڵ߲ˣ۷弶ĻѹʱһҲ⣬ûκεļɵ顣ʱ򣬳ɹʶл߲񽣣ֱһֿնһеĸо˾Ȼ㶯֣񽣡
ЦЩ̣Ŵڻ񽣣⳯ѹ˻ӳһ
ﬣ
̶ʮεĽɨҶ㣬ݿ࣬ɵ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ѹһʱըѪ
⣬
ɵò¡
ͬһʱ䣬ơͷӢ۵Ҳ͵һ
۷弶񣬾Ȼڳô׾͸նˡ
־
Ӣ۵ɴۡ
񽣵Ϣ̫ˣʱһɺ
࣡
Ѫ䶯𣬻Ѫйתۼ佻һ۳
ʱ¿죬е߲񽣣н˼ɾ壬ɵ÷
Ϊ۷񼶵ǿߣ˽ֻһ߲񽣵ĽâƳ̵ĸо߲ж£ΪնһС
ߣ
һҧкһ˵ֱӳԶӶݣʱҪὣˣΪǱʱƿʩչǸܶ¡
ವٶȼ죬ת۱޾Զ
߲ˡ
Це߲һ߲ɫˮһ㵴תۼ䵴޾룬Ľ߳ȥǿ˻һɰܣһʱ佫˸ס
ǿ߷۷񼶵ܿӿȻȴû˿ãѲ߲µķܡ
ģſǣ
־ŭ


1817 µʮ
۷񼶵ǿ߾ŭ־壬ȫסˣȫѲ
ſǣ
˳С
˵ʲô߲񽣵ԷѹסֱԱԴûһ˵ʶС
֮ǰᵽʮλӽҪ٣ϣȡ¹·ͷöӣ˽һ£νĻʮӵ׶Щʲô
٣֪ʮ˵ǿ̶ȡ
תۣʮȥʶ˳üͷ
ôˣ鵽ʲôˣ
ʵ
Ҳ
һңʮһǿ˽̤·ΪǴ۷ΣǴڰ벽Σ߱ɱͨ

ʲô
ԣ׻˽һ
ΪԽǵ˺棬Ŵ󾳽蹵ɱϾεǿ߻ԽԽѣʮӣ˴۷ܻɱͨЩˡ
ǻķ޾ѪɱѪˣҸݹĵر¹ۼĻѪѪֹǣܿ¡

Щǰ۷񼶻ǿʶ֪Щľ
е߲񽣣ʩչܵס𣿡
ᵽʮӣȻݣʮµһĿУĿǰʵԵˣѧԺһĸ߲УңǼ߲㻹ǣţûо·ϡʱ뵽е߲񽣣̫ǿˣãΪƿʩչ߲񽣣ܹǿ߿⡣
ԡͷ漴ֵ޷ĿǰŻƿСʱ䣬СӺҲֵ֪ʲôʱܻ
߲ǿƥڼΪƿ񽣣ֵһӦǿģǣ߲񽣣ʱصĻʱֻΪµõһ齣Ƭ˲ʱֱ֮ӻܻ֮ļʣԼʵ̫СˣСֱӺԲơ
ңܻƿҪķѵҲǺܿţŲ˶á
ƿأ
졣
ܡ
ҡͷ
һ䣬ϣܻܲ񽣣ȫԼ飬޹ء

֪˵ʲôˣôһڻԵĴɱȴȻ޷ƿء
ô죿ʮҪ̤Уȫûһս֮
׻ü
ʮһ߱ɱ˻һҾͻ·ǿҲֻǲŴڣǶ֣ΪĲʵ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬һ˶˳˼
ʮӺܿҪ·齫÷ǳ鷳
ˣʮλӴ˲ǶԿ⣡𣬼һüŵĻǿΪһ˺ˣһЦڣҪЮڸǻᣬſǣ񽣣ǻȻ뿪·סǵȫҪС
ǶǵĶʴȣſǣҪȫ·ϣ
һ
ү
ҳ飡
@#֪֪ǽ
׻Ƶƿڴű߲֮ŵǿ߾һȭߡ
ģǾˣ
㡭Ҵ
ǿ־ŭ
յģ
ݺݳצӡ
׻Ҳ飬ȫ˵
ΪǿҲǿ󣬵ʱ߲񽣵ţǿȶ˺ܶ࣬תۼ䱻һıףѪۡ
㣬ǡ
˱ţԶнҪʵʵĻ
˵ᣡ
׻ݺݵĥ
һΪʮ߱ɱͨӽҪٶգ˾ȻʱԴвǣֱֱײһʲôʱԸԿˣʱ˱޷֣һк
תۼ䣬ǿֱӱΡ
ˣˡ

ֹסһޣֱӶ֣ǿ߲񽣵˵˲ĥֻ˵ǣƵˣ۷ǿߵʩչʥ˶ڶʱڿ뵽񾳲Ρ
񼶱ǣ˫ֱŹ⣬漴Ƕ˶٣˵Сӣǻɣʱ۷ǽΪȥʱ򣬻ֵܹסʮӡ


1818 ϻ
Ļҡͷ
ΪԽǵ˺棬ʥ׳ЧԽԽʵϣھַʽΪЧѾˣϲʲôá
˵
ɵһ㶣£
Ȼѧʥȴȥоڱһ㲢֪
ȻͷŵˣǣﵽΣһĻʿͼԶԸ
䣬ǿɨܣܿѰһȽεĵطðһǣС̫Ϊ˻
ˣ
˿ʼʩչʥһʱ䣬ֲһĹط֯
˴ﵽ벽·Ѿйһʱ䣬һʱʱ޿̲ڸѾǶԸԵɵӦһǳ̵ѾеϢ֯ڣͻ񾳣ֻӴˣ۷ǿߵǣѪ⾫ʥ󣬱ΪӴͻơ
һǣϢΪǿ
תۣյʱȥ
պǿϢӿȺͻƵ񾳽硣
үҲˣ
̲ס˷ܺС
񾳣һξ޴ʱ䣬ʱ䣬ܹоʵǿ
ԱߣӢۡƺͰ׻˷ܣдžâ
¾硣

Ƶ˵ͷתԵĹžʼ̵ǰΪ
ˣһۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬Ⱥȹ˵ǰΪ磬ɢϢǱȶ
߰ɡ
һ˵ΪѾȹ̳ף쿪ڣкһ뿪ط
˵Ѿȥһ£ʮӵѾǴ·ˣ֪ʲôλá
׻
ڴʲôλò֪һᳯ·ȥΪӾʹʲôҲùܣֱȥ
ӦҪȫֹ壬ֹһ˶߹·ͷӣһҪȫȥһʮӷǳ£Ҳȥ
񣬻ǿߴ·ĸλãޣȥλþѻοʮӺһЩ۷ǵ޷ģõѡֻһֱȥ·ͷ
ҪôԼȥȡӣҪôͨöӵռΧӡ޾ɱȻǿߵɱԻɱ
ôţȴҲɵüΪںܶ಻ȷԣһȡöӣǣΪӡµǿɱҲֻܻɱͨ۷ǿߣҪԸʮӣǾԲġ
ˣͷȻֱ
գôԼȥ룬Լٶȸ·ͷ
ʱѾǴڹ·ĺλã·ͷϻаҵʱǿɴﵽ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһһٶȶŵúܿ죬ٵķнҪ顣
תۣ¹ȥ
ºһ죬·ҵĴ𶯣һӿ·һͷµ˰㣬ǵϢһ˽һ
Ϣ
춯ݣѾ߹Ĺ·ۼڽ·ˣ
ƺͷӢ۵ȻҲӦϢǱɫ
Ҳʱ¡һ죬һۼϢԻĹ·ٴδ
ϲģ㲻ȡʲô֣
һ
쵱Ƕݡ
̫ϤˣɲϻǸϼһ
Ǹϼһ
׻Ҳ˭ɵõۡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵Ϣ֯ӿϻٲȻںһ۽棬ֲӿҪ·飬һ˸źԶҲϢ΢
ֻǣϢһֱں󷽵Ĺ̶Χڽ֯ûӿط
һۣǱǸϼһǣסˣʱ޷롣ǸҲǼϻ죬óϻǣһۣʲôˣ
쿴Ź·󷽣н֯һƹ⣬ӦƬռڵĲ
ûиӦӦǻ
˵
⻰˶ֶݣǿɱ󣬻Ҳˣ


1819 
ۼϢ·ϺƵӿ··Ҫ˰㡣
˶Ϊ֮죬û뵽ϻͻۿ
һվطңңĸӦǸطۼϢײ漴ڹȥʮۼϢʼԶȥ·תۼֱƽ
ƺս·

ͷŹ·ֿʮ漴кһ˼ȥ
˸иĵ֮ȥ·ͷҪôԼȡӣҪôʿõ
ٶȱֵĺܿ죬ܿһ¹ȥ
һ죬һЩߴӳ֣ԶӵĮ䡣
ࡣ
˿ڣĮһܵĿռ䵱н֯ɱϢһѹ¡
һɫɫ֯кһܣʮԶ
ܱܿǿ
һɱϢߴЩ⣬ȻĮͬһָ㽭ɽ㡣
쿴ˣһ㡣
ţ֪ߴĿϣɵĮµЩʲô֪
һһ߽䱸Ÿߴӣһ߿죬ü㣬ѵǡ
һӣɢŵϢȴܿ£Ȼ۷弶ˮ׼г˵֣һ˶Լµ˵ݣǻʮеһˡ
ʮ֮һ

֮ǰǻǿʶе֪һǿʮ˽٣ȻҲһѰʮ˵ʮ˽Ա衰硱ΪգֱΪ缽סߡ⡢СƝ㡣
Ȼ֪ʮ˵ͬʱȻȻҲѰʮ˵ò
ԣǰһ֣˳
Ȼ
صĿŶĻ㣬ˣǻʮ֮һ
ͬһʱ䣬˿ǰˣǱأо˾޴ѹ
쿴ˣ̲סüû뵽ôʮеһˡ
ŶԷͬʱԷҲڿһˣȻĿӣ;࣬ն
ʼպܵĮֱ֣дƬɱ⳯һѹ䡣
ɱн֯˵ĻϢȫͨĻʿĻϢһĪ̵ĻϢǳƣȻԶԶûĪԭʼŨȴҲǳĿ£صˣǿԽһжһ㡣
о˾޴ѹȴûη壬ֻͼӭϡ
һ۷ǿߣ߱ɱͨһ˿һĴ⣬ʼһ־ȫ
䣡
ֻͼ֯Ϣʮռȫ֣Żӭϡ
ͬһʱ䣬붯֣Ӣ۳ɽС̫ػҲֱӶȫ㡣
Ϊһ˶ǰ˿߱ɱͨսܲ׾
һͬʱ֣ӿΪˣĨɱͨ
ͣ
һ΢죬ֱӱ飬ϾֻǶԷֵĹ
ȫĹƲŻѹ䡣
壬塣н֯һ΢⣬ڰͷӢ壬΢ЩݣϾɲͬʱ˵ܣҲһ˿ݣΪǿǶֻͼѵõ΢죺ܲǣֵܲɱ
˵ţһֱӳһɺ嫵Ļ⣬͵ĽֻͼƵ˼ͨȫķ飬һĺˡ
鷳ˣ

ֻƾͽǵͨ飬ҽǸˣ̫¡
һͨҪǿһЩˣһ֣
׻ҧ
ˣ
ֻôһ֣кһ˶롣
߱ɱͨĳȷʵֲܿǿɿ⣬Ϊ̫ˣǿȥһսԻȫ³˱֮ܲ١
˶ǵͷ£һ뻯һ⣬Զɶݶȥ
ӵĮǵĮһ޾Զת׷һˡ
ˣ
ͷ֯һӡȫɻϢ۶ɣʮռ䶼ҡŤѹһˣͬһʱ佫һܵĿռ
üΪأʱ޿ɱܣֻͼٴγӭԷ
ͬʱͷӢ۵ҲּȫâƵϡ


1820 ɵĹ
߱ɱͨĻ㣬ûа㱣ȫ
¡¡ģӿתۺͻѹĻӡײһ
漴͵Ⱥһȫͨȫķ顣
ңӡûоʹ˷飬Ȼ˲٣ڲѹ䡣
飡
飡
飡
ڣ˽ԱĺˣɫЩ԰ס
ڴؼڵһλȻʵȴǴһ
㿴Ե÷ǳĮûָ߰ı飬ȴ˲ΪֵĮȫǶ෢Թӡ
үģקʲôק壬ָȫһλǰƨ㲻ϣһҲ࣡
ƺܲˬ컹ûڣ
ɨƣ㵹ǶĲ٣ǵȹϵĴڶ֪˵⻰ıɵĮǿվ޾£ֻҪʱ䣬Խ¡
ԣһ㶣
ܶˣǽ̬⣬һظӲģȻ񣬻û̬ȴãˣû֮һ
׻ſڣðɣ
治֪˵ֻɵĹԣô񾳵ģ

ԷǳϵʱתȻûۼȴǳж£ԹǺε塢εȾѪεȾʣû˸˵ܳԽֻ˵ֻֻᱻ˳Ц֪޴
¹˵⻰һţĸУƾҲ˵Խпӣ
Ʋ졣
һ˿Ż㣬ʱˣɱȴǴһֳζ
ıһαһȺʵԶԶ࣬Ȼ㷴Է̵ֱӱŽĺ⡣
ϾҪϵ̬
һµӿ۷ӿѹʮ
ֱ̧֣ݻӡһˡ
һƵƣȸղŵĻӡҪ¡
ӭһѹ˸ͷһ
ȫ

ȷȷʵʵֲܿս̫ǿˣһǸеѹοһͨѹǡ
һһγֻͼͬʱһڱʩչҼһ񼶵ı
ԱߣҲûκαԼǿ񼶱
Щһ񼶹еõһ˶зֵһڡ
¡¡ģһȫ֣ǵƷǳˣķֱӷ
ֻǣĻӡȴ̫ǿˣתۼһ˵ۻֱӼѹ䣬һϡ
һʱ䣬ģһͬʱĺɣ˴󴴣Ѫˮ
Ϊϣܹ֧ôãӦҪǣĺܲ
Įٴζ֣һǻӡѹ䡣
¡¡ģһεĻӡ֮ǰǿʮֱӽѹƣƾһ˿ѪɫǱüΪ԰ףˡ
Ҫˣ
ŭ
һ̣ѹƣֻŻĻӡѹ¡
ʱһ϶ԣǲκλ·
˵ɫҲǺܲÿҲѲ˻ѹơ
ҲѹˣȰˣȴվҪǿ٣ݵıѹƺǿѿֱӳӭŻӡӶȭ
СܣҪӲģ


ҲС
ͨɫƵȭøǿֻͼҲһӿǿϢϡ
ʱܣȻǿģǣôܣܿˣѹµӡǻֱƵһϣ״̬Ե
̫ľתĸ죬Ʊøǿһ̺ͻӡײһ
͵ģֻͼͻȭǱķ飬󣬻ӡϣ۵һķ飬Ѫˮйɡ
ӡҲ˶ɢȥ
Сӣ
ӡɢȥƵʱ±ÿԶˣķ飬󼱡
һ̣һֻٵ˿ϣйǾ£תۼؾ۳
ӲǾɱ㡣
Ŀؾ۳ϣ鵭Įͷֱһʥ۶ˣֱӷʮռ䣬ֱ䡣


1821 
ƾ죬ˣȻѹ䡣
С̫Ĺ˫ɿĳȥҲһǰ壬ֵһٶȴԶԶһ죬ϡ
ﬣ
תۣѹͷ
ʱϢѾǷǳɫǳĲ԰ףȴڣֳֻͼӭϡ
䣡
ֻͼϢˣ֯ʮâŻնµĻӭϡ
һ߶ײֻͼ˲Ǳѹķ飬󣬻Ļֱϣٴը
ѪˮƮڿУ洦йǣٵ䶯ܿؾ۳
ӿѪڴϢǿгܻο͵ĹľѾ⵽㣬ȫϡ
΢һڼˣͨȻû⻹һˡ
˼еĻҪӲǾٽһܻܲ
죬һָ߸ϵĸ̬ⷭӿһԻȸղŵһǿ
ﬣ
ָһֱӳѹ䡣
Ľƣһʱʮգһֻѹͷ
ӭһҧ֪סȴֳֻͼ
ֻǣֻͼתۼͱ飬ס
ѹû˿ı䣬ϵĿռȫգܻᣬ֮ƺƵѹ䵽ͷ
ҲʱС̫ٶȿǰʱӣ۾ǽߣëɫԺȻ䱩ǡ
һ̣һڸ֣ڣɽһһһһÿһն鲼ŨԣϢ
Ļն£ֱ֮ڣ˲ϢʧӰ١
ǡ
쵱ݡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƵһҲһ
ǣǣƬ
ۣⷽ磬ǵʴСһڵǷ簡û뵽ʱСһﾹȻƬڻ˳
С̫ԼЩ죬СԴԻƬ硣
ղţֻǿ챻˵ǰҼΣգǳĴ߶ڵܣ͸˳û𣬾ͬڵǱ߲һ㡣
㿴С̫磬΢£һٴۻ񽣣֮ǰһǿʮ䡣
Ȼһѹ䣬͸ղһںֱӱǱ߽
һƾâС̫Сһս
С̫磬Żι׻⣬ֱ뵽˺ܶ࡭ȻսǿϾֻǲ񾳽磬Сһȴһʵ磬ݻһƬʵĴ磬޾ܣһ񾳽ʿԿˡ
СһʱΪɱǵŤתһսս֣
С̫Ļͷ˫һֱӼԦų磬һɫ⣬Ż˹ȥźԶԳ糯Էѹ䡣
ǳһ㣬ûʲôˣ᣺һ˽㣡
Ż䣬һһ鲼Ƶڳ֯棬Ȼһ
񽣣Ƶǲ˻棬С̫

ķڵһʱ䱻Ǻ˵һĨɱͨĳƺҪһתۼС̫ǰƺš
Ȼһ̣һײϵ˲Ϣ
һݣɫЩ񽣳ˡ
ȻҲʱɫ˸һɫ׺֣ͨ˲Ϣڳ˵Ļ
ȥ
̧־һǻȭʣµܺ
˵һͨԾƶһȭȭȻǳ죬˵Ļܣתֱӱһȭںϡ
飡
һ죬ҵĺɣֱ뵽С̫ѹڡ
磬̧ͷ죬ɫüΪ۷ǿߣܻɱͨĳȴǱһڵһȭ
ԣһֳ衣
죬ޱȣ˫Ǵ̹ɱ⣺΢࣡ն
˵ţĻͻȻֹסɫͱ䡣
ô£
Լ˫֣ʱڵȫˣһ˿һˡ


1822 ʮ
֮ڣɫȫˣڵ˿Ҳ޷ãе񽣣ϵĹҲ˲͹ȣǻһ㡣

һˣɨ磬ֻһ˲µйء
£ԾȻ޷£ƾŴҲ˲Ծ𼫸ߣתС̫ĹԵһֱֻӿ˳ȥ
ȻҲʱ˲ǰ
ӣ
ȻһЦֱ֣ӾһƸ¡
ž
һȵ£ֱӳڻϣٴν֮УѪָӡ
࣡
ڵϣг˴̹Ǻ⣬һ˳һ⡣
վЦС̫Сһһ磬᲻ҪҵҲˡ
ӦĺʱȫʧˣԭȻҲǱѹˡ
ѽ
С̫Ľ
ֱӿڣΪС̫ĿƣɴڣȻֻзǳ΢վеģһ˲絽ǰ̧һơ
ž
ֱӱĽʵʵкɳȥʮԶ
㾪ŭ㡭
ৣ
ƿ֮ٶȿ켫ת۳ڻǰһ⡣
žһ㰤ϵ⣬Ѫһݻ˳
һĻʹƵ˽ǲɵõۣ漴һ̣ЦȻµõǿĻͻȻ㾳ǺС̫йϵ
СһҪѹүವҲУһӰ죬һӾɳȥովĻԣЦСӣˮת˵ˣȳүһצӡ
ֺ飬ҺһŻճ顣
ǳǿ߱ɱͨѹӦ˼࣬ܲĹֱӱĽʵʵ
ž
һ죬ٴαɣݻѪˮ
⣬Ƶۣקȭͷ৵һҲС̫УֱûסĻǰСӣүһǾţ
һֱڻɲһŤ
Сݣ
׻ЦҲУѧƵĶҲڻɲ
漴ͷӢ۵ȺУΧŻһٱ
С̫ԼҲڣСצӿɾĳк
㾪ŭ˼㣬һȺ˺ΧŹӶŤ˼㣬ҲһʼֵĮᣬݱһƬģǡ
飡
̧Ⱦһţݺؿڣ仰
ԱߣƵ˾ûͣ£ɾк
ղŲǺ𣬲ĺү˫ֺٳүһǾȣ
˵ҪԽôôҲ̫ˣ
趼ϲ
һȺΧŻ㣬ֻ֣ǿɾŰתۼĻףȫˣвѪ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ͻȻԶǧܲԻԺǿʢɿĳط£
һ̣ǧӰתۼ絽طŻϢԾŸΪףУ˴۷壬˴ڰ벽Ϣˡ
㡭ӣ⡭ô᣿
طǧȻڱһΧŹĻ㣬ȴΪ׵ǾŸ⣬ʿһɫĲš
ͬʱһȻҲǧʿǲɵͣΧŹ㣬΢΢һ
ʮӣˡ
ɨۻ㣬Ŀ¶ǧǰľŸϣȻЦ
ȻҲע⵽ˣϾ˵ǧʿźԵĲ
׻Լµ˵ݣǻŸӣ
ԡ
ͷ
ɨŸӣǿȻǿ
ΪһʮУ󡣡

˵⻰ǧʿɵü
·ʿǵܹҲңǧĻʿطɻŸӴ죬Ӳ淴ӦһǾǣ̤·ѧӣܴ󲿷ֶѾĨɱˡ
⣬ǧĻʿУΪ׵ľŸȷʵǻȴŸӣʱеĻ㣬ǲɵ΢
֮ǰȿ磬̤·ǾΪĳЩԭ򣬺һ룬ʱ˹·ǰεʿһЩϰǧĻ˿·ȥȴ룬طһĻ
ˣæ
У㿪ڣܴ˿̱ѪۣʶȴǳȻ˺ͬʮӵǧ˳


1823 һ
ʮӣΪһһǿʮˣ㱻УŸӿڣڻ㿪ںһֱӶ֣˦һ⡣
ﬣ
𶯣һƥĽգۼ䵽Ľǰ
һǳ£֯Ϊ˵ɱϢȻȴһҲûУգۼǱɣһƹ㣬ɲʧ١
⡭
ӵһȻ
ô᣿
һڻʿԱɫ
ֵΪΪڰ벽ǻĵһӣղһԿĨɱһĳˣǣն֮ںȴȻתۼʧӰ١
Աߣ缽סߡ⡢СƝͻ˸ҲǲɵüС̫磬н
٣ǻӣһǿʮ֮һǹġ
ڣ׻ڣȻĳֵΪʮ֮һ֪СһȫסԷ£һҲںĵ٩顣
˵ʲô
⣬лʿĶڵİ׻
˵ǵǳôҧ㻢ү
׻һֻצһڻʿ˹צӡ
һڻʿŭȴԿĳһĳӾΪŰ׻˵ңղһĵһӻӳĿɻɱҲĻɵɵĳȥ
Сûһ˸ҹ
׻ġ
бһۣС̫ʵСһܲܵ繥
Сһգգ۾һ£ҡͷ綼ܹѹƱ˱Ѿǵǰļˣ޷֮ȥ
࣬ſ
ʱĮǧʿǰڣһ˽ų硣
𣿡
쿴ˡ
Щʿӻ·ɱȻҪǽѹµĻŵ⵱ǸЦ
ſͳ򣬵ȴǵģĥ
˵Ȼʱûʲô⣬ƽһ˳˷Թӡ
̬ܲǣһ֣񽣱ᵽУŻ棬ֱһն£۸ж¡
۵һѪˮ·ֽ
㷢һƺߣΪ̣ΪѹΪ㣬ʱ޷۳ֱۣϱ۵ĶϿڴѪˮϵʣת۽ȾһƬ
࣡
ˣ

⣬һڻʿŭ
Ǵӻɱ·һʱնеһʿ׾٣ǰһʿ񼶱ʿȻжһĳӵֱۣǷŭѣɱ⡣
˸Ȼɫ죬ĵˣ֪ôĺʲô
֮ĺʲôҲֻ֪֪ôڣǳ˵⣬ʲôҲˡ

˵⻰䣬һ첲Ҳж£ǴƬѪˮ
£һڻʿıǾŭ
ЩˣǳĹֻܷܲ޷ң֧ãȵ֧Ųʱ򣬵ǵĽĿ̣
ô

˵ţһն䣬ȸж¡
СһʱûܹĲ֣ҲռݷԲʮҵĿռ䣬ȻˣҲΪСһȻһֱ֧һ㣬ȻӦ˳
һСһٳ磬ôֶǶԣ鷳ˣҲԷ
һĻʹû˵ɫʱȴʲôҲˣΪС̫ܾˣ޷ơ
࣡
ڣֻʣһȻڣɫĶ졣
һģһΪľûУǷ
̧֣һն£֮һȸж¡
Ż㣬ڻ񽣽֯⣬˶٣˫ۣоâһ뵽Щʲô
ֱ̧֣֯ɫԣ֡
Ϊһǿʮ֮һѪ壬㣬Ӧûɣ
Ц
ܷӿдʶ֮ǿӿںʶУûñǿогһѵıǽ֯ԡ
⡭ǣ
ҡҴǻһǿʮ֮һЩǡ
ˣ
ƺͰ׻Щ֯ԵıɴۣҲ𺳡


1824 ָն
ǿдӻı̫ˣһСɽûһǷƷÿһž˵ļֵ
ǵ˿ĳʥϣ
ݺϴ񼶵ǿ߶ԣҲޱ
ѿҩ
һѵ䱦ӶҪɳˣѡ
ǿıо˵ɵһЩžзţ㶪ȥһΪ֮
Ȼ죬ʱҲɵöݣĿһ͸ıƿϣװһöɫĵ裬֯˿˿ơ
굤
һĨâ
굤һֶΪ񵤣񾳽µˣڷ񵤺ʱһ󾳽ΪܳԼһʱʱ䣬ΪҪǣ֮ûκεĸãƵǳ̣ĳ
һֱ֣ӽ⶷굤ץС
׻Ƶ˳еıƿΪ֮һȻϳװڱƿеĶ굤һЩżм񵤵ļء
öñ
Ƶ۵
ȷʵǺöȾԣûбõıˡ
Ļɨһۡ
⣬Ҳնϻ֫ѹγб˵ı鶼ɱ⣬˿Ҳڡ
࣡
㱻ն֫ѪˮֹסɭĶ죬ɱŨ
쿴㣬䵭ּ佫ӻ䱦ȫڻ񽣣ĳŻͷ­ȥӽɫ⡣
㡭
ۣ
ھŭ³һ㡱֣ͷ­飬ֱ顣
Ϊѹƣ̣ͷ­ʶҲһ
̧֣ʣµĲҲֱն
ӣ
áģ࣬㾹ˣ
⣬һڻʿŭޱȣһʮ֮һ㱻쵱ǵնɱǰ
˸ӵӱø䣬û¶ŭı飬ΨеɱøŨ
ܺã
ڣϵĿռ䲻ɵΪ֮Ť·һŻ֮Դ
һĻİ˽ǲɵһ
˵Щ°Ǹǿܶ࣡
׻
ֲܿ
Ƶ
ʱȻǴ֮ڣҲܸоĵɢϢж£ܹ׼佫һжĥ㡣
ѽ죬Ųסˡ
С̫ʱ죬¶һЩ޹ı顣
Ѿһʱˣʱ£翪ʼƺҪɢ
û£֮󽻸ҡ

Ż䣬еǸСƿֱӽڵö굤̷¡
һ˲ѣϵϢʼת۴ͷﵽͷңѾĵĲҲһ˲ȫָﵽ̶ȡ
ǿСһһ˺󡣡
С̫
С̫Ӧ¾һɣֱӱʧ
˲䣬һ±¶ؼ䡣
ɱ
ŭ𣬼ɭɭ⣬ǧʿŻһ˵ʧֱڵǿ߳˹ת˽ǰ

˸ɭʱһ֣ɱ⣬һ֡
ɨˣָᵯֱɫɳ
͵ģǿ߼Ļɱת۱飬漴쵯ɫƲ˱۵Ĺ˵ü֮ڡ
۵ģըҲһ
⡭湻
ɵõۡ
ͬʱҲľڵǿߣָͱĨɱˡ
ҲǾһ˲ѣһ̱Ǿ˾ȵı飬ϾǶϤʱжԶ굤ݵĴﵽͷɱͨʿʵնжûʲô
ԶһЩ
ǵ
˵ͷ£һ˳ȥǧԶңңĿط
ͬһʱ䣬ǧʿҲڿ죬žݣҲŭݣǶ굤ս֮£ŭǿ߱ɱˡ
һǿ̤·Ѿɱ˺ܶ࣬ǿ࣬ȴǿɱһǵӣɱǵǿߡ
ŭĲС
˸ɫûʲô仯ֻ緽Ű䡣
Ʋսףվ㲻ʲô
Įǰ粽ϵ˲顣


1825 ս
Ϊһһˣɷǳǿ󣬽ֻϢͺܺˡ
Į죬Ĺٳ
鵭ĮʱΪʱﵽͷοԷ
һ˲ʧٶȿ쵽㣬ɲǼǳڻǰ
һΪٶȶݡ
ҲʱûκζĶֱӻȭһȭѹ¡
ˣ
һطն·һ̾Ҫױһ㡣
һȭ;ǿҲͫ΢ʱܣֻ˫۽ǰ
һ̣ȭͷ佻񵲵˫ϣһ֮ǧɡ
ӣ
⡭
һڻʿ𺳣֪Զ굤ʱΪﵽڣ񼶱սǣǵӿһһһ˰Ϊڰ벽߱ɱڵ񣬾һȭˡ
Ȼ˸ӣҲ΢䣬нԸ˾â
Ư
󷽣е
Ѿģ
Ƶ
ǿ߳·Ⱥ󼸴ɱǣǵϣնһһӺ񣬶ֽһһһһȭɣų˿ڶĸо
䣡
ǧ⣬âƵûʲô󴴣ȴüΪ䣬ڿն쵶ħܹ׽һжն
ᣬͬһ㣬ûκζĻֱɱ졣
¡һ⻷ƳһһĻģÿһĶ·ѹ֯ŵϢ
ߣϣݻһһڵĻҲһݻϰ˻ĳŻѹ
⡭
ӵӡô᣿
ͻһǧʿǶݣ𾪡
˸Ҳ΢һ˲˲ϡ
Ψаһ˵ıûʲô仯Ϊ֪ƿݻ˵ͨΪãݻĳ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ܴײͻսһ𣬸ֱâӿʮռ䲻ϱ
콣Ҳһʩչ֯ɱһһ㳯Żն¡
ͬʱ΢ͨݵĽ棬ᵽĿ£ǳǿ
аŶԷǿͬһʱ䣬棬𺳡
ܺãѾԶԶҵԤˡĨɱ㣬ҪķһЩʱ䡣
죬
޾ĵرԻѪǣΪ嵱ǰһһˣΪڰ벽ͨǿߣǰҲ㲻ʲôԶ굤Դﵽڵ죬սȴȻǿʱȫԺ濹⣬Ȼһ˿ѹ
ûʲô콣һʩչɱƬոѹһģܵһƬһƬռ䡣
ˣ
ɫӿӡҲһڼΪ߶֯޾ķӡ֮֮ƺƵѹϢԵЩˡ
һƬݻɱġ
ﬣ
Щķͬգײ졣
ҵĽ棬սһÿһ˻֮ޱȿֲ
񱩵ܳУƽɫ
һĻʹǧʿľҲû뵽Զ굤Ϊᵽڵһ࣬Ȼȫסһһһˡ
ֻʱΪѣֻʱסѣûʲôˣҪ˶ãӾֱ֮ܽĨɱ
ԣ
һڻʿ
漴˵ĿԶС̫һϣн֯ɭɭ⣬ڵӶԸˣȽЩĨ
˵ţֱС̫Ͱһѹȥ۷徳
ɱȥҲһˣɱС̫ˡ
ͻսһսܼңȴһֱڹעС̫ǵʱ⼸ʿɱС̫ˣеһĨ⣬ûκζĻֱ˦֣Ƭ콣Ի֮ѹ
˽ƿνɱС̫˵ļǿߵһĶֹסŲܹĻ⡣
Ȼն콣콣еһͨޱȣЩ˳ܹĻס˲ȫ
漴һ̣۵ģǿ뱻Уһʱը鿪ͬҲһЩâ֮¡


1826 ħ
ĿѪˮƮڿУѪɫ㣬йǷɽһڻʿʧɫ
ģ
Щʿ־ŭ
ղŶֵĿǼ۷弶ǿߣȴּն
࣡
죬ӱøӱܲøǿӿȡ
նɱһʮˣǿߣлһͬʮ֮һĻ㣬ɱøŨ
¡¡ģĻøǿʢʮռȫǡ
ǽ·ɱ˶ˣڱɱʮһ˵ӣʵѿ

˵⻰ʱµĶȴǲͨѹ
ĻɫøӱϢøӿ£ɱӿ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˼ҶطĿռı顣
طٲȻһش
飡
⻷޾ԣǲ֯ӰڻǰֱһȭڶԷţ۵һԷŻһѪ
ͬһʱ䣬ĻҲϣǽŻ
ѪˮʣıȴǺޱ仯̫תɿ޸壬ٶȱø죬תֱڴͨ
¡¡ģɫѹ䣬תطһ׵ĺͨΪмƶ󣬲ϳڻԵĸλãȭ콣âǿᵤӡͼһʩչ
飡
飡
飡
Ѫˮͨһھйǵȹʵ̫ˣԷӦתۼͰʮݻ
ӣ
ô᣿
ܣ
һʿ󾪣ʱһĵһӣȻѹסˣ
ƵһǸú̹
úã趼ϲ
׻໽С
һڻǿ߽ŭ׻Ŀɱ⣺
˺ţʮǿ߶ˣɱ׻һˡ
ֻǣʮǿ߲ŸոһܼɫȻѹ䣬ת۽ʮȫ֡

ѪŲҽƮڿУɫΪӶµ֮ͣת۽ʮǿķ飬ͬҲһС
࣡

һڻǿߣȴ⣬ַŭǼɵǱʱսסˣնɱȻô򵥣ͬնһ㡣
Ҳʱһ죬һɼΪ˵Ļ
ˣ
ӱ䣬ļٹѳ
ӿһѪ߸ֱֶаңһûһеѪɫУɢ¾µɷ
ǡ
ӵ츳̫ͨħѪɣħߣ
ʿһĻǲɵһֶǲɵק˫ȭ
ˣ
˶죬Ŀ
һĵһӣ̫ħѪġħߡ츳ͨǷǳһҲҪɵηӣԵס
Į䣬ּ䣬ħһ̼䳯ѹȥ
ħʮռ䱻ֱ̣ӽû
ˣ
һĻһڻʿУֱ˿ڣĵ
ǻ룬Ϊħ´
Ȼһ̣طлԶݣħڣӰδ㣬˲ڻǰֱӻӶȭ䡣
һɫ㡭
飡
Ÿ³һ㡱֣ȭͷϡ
۵һͷ­ķ飬ѪˮԽһƮڿУĿġ
ӣ
ǿܣôӵħߣȻȻᡭ
һڻʿ󺧡
Ȼǰ˸ӣʱɫҲȫˣħߣȻҲԳסܳסҲһˣڱħסȴǷһҲܵӰ죬š
ħߣûã
˸Ŀɫ
ͬʱϣͷ­֮ȫԷһ˿һĴϢᣬͨȻѹ䣬Ϻڻϣ׸

겻࣬ŭ貵⣬
ᣬһǿ˳ȥ𡢻ֻͼ𣬸һһչֿŻֶ¡


1827 Ĩɱǧ
֯ڰɫ֮ӿĻϢֻͼǿƥʥϺͺ嫣ƺԽһж𣬾ֱ֡
˹ƣ˽Ծ

ɫɭ˵һһڷɳһ۱󣬽廤ֻͼȫ
ͬʱ巢⣬ɿؾ۳
΢ڲôһڴܵʶǿȷʵкܿ¡
һ̣һֱתۼǳڶԷǰ
ԷǿôԶ굤ֻǽΪڣԷС̨ףϾǿֻ壬ٴսȶԷϷֺ
ˣ
ûκζĶֱӻӶȭȭ֮ӿʮ¡
ңͬһʱ䣬Ի񽣻Ӷ֮ʩչ콣תۼطƵĽ⣬ÿһǺˡ
Ÿոؾ۳ӭĻȭɱһʱʩʱ䶼ת۱Ǳȭƺͽâ֣һǱɨɡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
콣âɨתһǰ͸ѪĿġ
ϣ콣ĸӿȭ߶ĸǿᣬ˿Ϣʱ䣬ͬҲһﻯӹ
ŭ𣬸ͨһҲӿ֣ʱʧ˽ȻȨȫУԵüΪǱ
飡
һ죬һΣһȭɣֱӱ飬Ѫ죬мܣʱҲʧȥЧãɨǧԶ
ӣ⣬⡭
һڻʿ
ʱһĵһӣٲȻѾȫѹˡ
⡭ôܣ
Щ˲ԸһĻ
һ˸ӿһĻʱУ
һֱ֣Ĩɱ
һ˵Ϊһĵڶӣ缽
䣬ӿһڴ֣ͨ޾ڹ⣬ʮռȫƣѹ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬߸һ֣Ϣǿ
ͬʮ֮һһһˣԭĻ콻棬ǾԲֵģǣڻĽУǿʵ𶯣ȻԶ굤ʱԴﵽڣսȴʵЩ£ңʱ򣬻һ˲ʧȥսȻȨȫУѾǲֹۣԣ񲻵ò֡
ңΪҪǣǴеĿȥ·ͷȡӣ֮أʱ򣬲ܼط̫ʱ䣬뾡졣
䣡
˸һ֣˹ӿʮռ̼䱻ȫ顣
һʱ䶯ݣٺˡ
Զ굤ԵĴﵽڣս벽񼶵ĻǣЩӣɸǿ߱ɱͨǿߣһɱڣֻ壬ҲԵס
οĽУѾķ˺ܶ࣬սѾ½
ৣ
ǲԭһӰһۼڰԡ
ߣ
ûκζĻô԰˵ֱŰһˣԶ굤ʱﵽΪ߶ǲ˲Ϣǿ޾Զ
ɫѿ˸Įͬʱ׷ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ǧʿҲ󣬷׷ϡ
͡
Զͬһʱ䣬öշԻ˿˿˵֮
ȾŸӶݣȻǸоЩĿ£ವ̺ƳȥǧԶܿЩ
ԼٶǸǧʿɾûôˣֱӱö뵽Ⱥ֮УȻը

ҽеһʱѪˮƬƬıŽǧʿֱը鿪һƬ
ڿУ֯ɢȥǧʿǧаʮǿߡ
˵ɫʱø䣬ѿɱŨ׷
ôһֵٴһ׷ȥһʱԶȥķͨ·ͷõȥ·ͷȡӡ

뿪֮ǰǴڣԽɫâŰһˣٶȼ죬ʱѾгԶ
ҲʱϵϢԶ굤Ϊʼһˡ


1828 ķ
ϢʼΪܿ»صڼΡ
⡭СӣǶ굤֧һʱʱںŹȥʱңôЧʧˣ
ʵ
Ҳ죬Ҳͬɻ
뿪;п󣬸׷˺ܶ
͡
ô˵˱˲䶼Ȼ
Ҹطҵˡ
ŵ
֮ǰΪ㣬˺صˣΪ굤ָΪݴﵽڣսúǿ󣬵ɴڣʱŶ굤ҩЧɢȥƱ֮ǰ˼֡
£ɢǰһɽѰһȽεڣС̫ͰΪԼǵϥ£ת̫ľ̫ɿĵ״̬޸ơ
ˣ
ɫâ⣬ƿʼһָҲһǿ
Ϊ֮ǰԴ˲ٻȣԸŻ˵ĽŲʮǾûʲôģԣʱҲǲЩ˻Ϊ˶дﵽ·ͷЩˣʱ޷ﵽڡ
̫ľ̫תϵĽâøŨϢøǿ
ˣʱһΣת۱չȥ
һ죬ϵȬңһɼΪϢڳΪڴﵽ۷壬طһһɵܷ籩
ã
ȭͷһĨâ
ԭ֮ǰȡ·ϵĽƬΪѾﵽͷʱпܿ۷壬֮ͻһսսĥ£Ŵ˿ƾľȻȻĵõһͻơ
Ϊﵽ۷壬ʱǸо˼ı仯ڵøӻǱøǿ
ʱսǿȫܺڵǿ߿⡣
ȻֻܶսͨǿߣŻʵֻ壬Ҳֵܵ
³һԭվ𣬶԰˵ˣ·
׼к˼·ͷȥǻ˵һ룬Ǳһ䣬겻ɵò£¶ɫ
Сӣôˣ
׻ʵ
ѽ
С̫գۣźı顣
ƺҲĿȻĹŹַӦ
н֯һƻâһתлӶ
ģϵĻøŨоâ
⻹ķ֣
еľâøŨ
ӣһ˱øɻ
СӣͻȻôˣʲôķ֣㷢ʲôˣ
ʵ
ЦһЩö
˵ţ׶£һתĸ죬ڵرһƻ⽻ָ֯䣬˳ָûص֮¡
ŨĻ˸ֱȥһʱʱվ
ˣ߰ɣȥ·ͷ

ƺ˶һܹŹֵı飬ȴҲûжʲô
£һ뿪طŹ·ͷȥ
˵ǵٶȱȲϻЩˣ֮ǰӡƣܸʮ£ɻܿͳһ·ͷĴ¾룬Ǵﵽ·ͷǰǾѾ׷ˣЩ鷳
ʮӵ£ֺò
үҲ
׻Щɫ
ͬʱƵҲüȻǵ⡣
˵ǵľɺա
û£ڲٵģǳһѶ˵

ȻҲһ뵽⣬֮ǰҲΪ˵ǹڣȫˣн֯ھâʱʱ¶һĨЦ
Ȼð˶ǲɵɻ󡭡ЩǿһѸ˵

Ҫ֪поŸ߱ɱͨǿߣһʵ죬ûж굤ǵ񵤵£ҲԲǶ֡
굤ȻѾûˣ£쾹ȻҪЩһѸ˵
Сӣ£ɣ
Ƶ
Ҳûж˵ʲô߰ɣ֮Ǿ֪ˡ
кһˣ·ȥ
֮һۣ¹ȥ
ºһ죬Իܣǧתۼ
ǧʿԾŸΪףȻ֮ǰȺǿߣΪ׵ľǻ缽סߡ⡢СƝͻŸӡ
Ⱥ׷˶ǲɵɫ΢䣬úء
СӣЩյ׷ˣҪôһѶˣ
һ߽䱸ǧǿߣһ


1829 ۼɱ
ýš쿴ڽ䱸͵ǣܿһݳ񡣡
УͿˣ

ԱߣơӢۺͰ׻һҲĻȻɻ󣬲ȴٶһЩΪ˽죬֪첻Ե޹ʵ˵ֻı鿴ȥôţ·һжѾƿС
࣡
Զ𣬻ͻ缽һڻʿɫΪ䡣
һЩͨĻʿģԵЩǱȫΪ֮ǰеЩ£Щȴȼ⣬ǳ˴
ն
ڶӻ缽

˳ȥ֮ǰûܹն죬гЩʱ׷죬ҪٴζԳ֣͵죬ԴĨȥ֮ǰĳ衣
һƵĻ⽻֯ÿһƶǺӣϢˡ
쿴һҲ⣺ûһλ
䣬Ψʼ
ܲһ㣬û˶굤ڵʲôҲ㲻ϣɱң
飬Ϣøǿ
һЦǾԿ
Ż䣬һת̼䣬طĿռ䵱𶯡
¡¡ģرϣһƵĹƸֶÿһƶ֯żΪ˵ɱ⣬һɱ⻷ƶƬضΪ֮ĩս١
Ųһֹһɫʱֱӱˣ㡭
ͬһʱ䣬˸ӺǧǿҲʧɫ
⣬ǡ
񡭡ۼɱƣ
лʿǷ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲɫЩͻȻֳɱƣ𺳡
Сӣ㡭ôŪģ
ЩɱǱ컽ȻǿһǣţôͻȻܻɱƣۼɱư
ǿԶ϶Բӡ£Ϊ޷ӡóۼɱơ
֮ǰͻƵ۷żȻ·ĺα鲼ɱƣȻµĳѾ˴¾ųɣɱҲ㹻ˡ

ǰЩʱ䣬뵽۷壬ͻȻǸӦЩɱƣЩɱƷǳͷ£һˣǴʸ߶Ҳѽ֮ǣеһɵ䣬ǾŴ֮һ̺޾壬һȻܹЩѾûƿصۼɱơ
ǣǸʱתһЩɱעԼĻʹԼĻЩɱУɱֱӽǻѡ
ԭ
˶Ƕݡ
һ˲䣬ˡ֮ǰͻƵ۷徳κĹ췴ӦôһˣҲ֮ǰΪγƻ׷ֱӸһѶ˵ԭǸʱȻ·Ϸۼɱơ
һ룬ЩۼɱƣӦǵѧԺЩʼ֮·ϵİɣɻ󣺡ǣѧԺĸ߲Ϊʲôڻ崳·ֱӿЩɱƣѵЩ߲㲻֪ЩƵĴںͿ֮
˵֮ǰĳʱĵԺԺڱչΪ߻ħУƵķֻеԺԺ֪ǸʱԺͻȻУûüƵķһεĵԺԺԵµԺĸ߲ˡ
Ʋ²
ͷӦþ
׻ʲôԭȫҪҪǣү֪Щ˵ǣҪˣ
ôһ˵ƶǺȻЦ
䣡
˵ܷӿطҡһƵɱƮڿУ֯һһɱ⣬ÿһĨɱһеܣ˵㡣
ȼԼһڻǿߣʱǱɫһǼ
ˣ
ͺȣֱӺˣһ⳯Զ롣
ͬһʱ䣬˸ԼһڻǿҲӶݣٶȶǿľˡ
ʱ޾ۼɱƱ鲼ططлǿ߾㤣ûһܹסɱƣӶΨһıֶΡ
ŻӶݣֻ䵭һЦۼɱ֮£˵õȥ
˵⻰һطĳƬɱʱ䶯ˣһɱ٣޲ĳлʿն¡

תۼ䣬ҽֱдƬĻǿը鿪һʱ
ĿڻϣȻһЦתһĴƬɱ⣬ֱĳŻ䡣


1830 
ۼɱӿƬɱһĵѹһʱĻɫ䡣
䣡
ûκԥֱʱ츳ͨħߣס
𡣡
Ц
һ̣һȥɱֱѹ䣬͵һǽ츳ͨķ飬ֱڻϣʹû۵һը

ŭ֮ԵЩδ𣬿ؾ۳ɫüΪ԰ףɶݡ
ۼɱƣȻƵķǳȴɺֲܿһʶв˵ȻСЩɱ±סǿĲһ㡣
ɵóԾ
ಣ
ƿյ𣬻ٶȷǳ죬ת۱ǿȥԶ
ԴˣŲ׷Ϊ·λýɱǣվܵԲڵɱƣԲɷΧڣֻҪһκһɱƶ˲俪ﻯɱش
ŶݳԶĻȻһЦһתڵɱƶʱգȻĺɱȴɺܺˣƺһС
·
Ц
Ż䣬߳ȥλϣյɱ̼佻֯޾ɱâתۼ۳һɱ֮аɳĳ䡣
һ˲ѣϵĿռȫµɱ̷ˡ
ɱתǰ

žͲʵĺѪըֱһ
ãˣ
ɵ߬צӡ
ˬ
Ƶ
ʱһҲǿĻͱĨɱΪʵ̫ҲˣϾǿۼɱ۶ɱ⣬ɱƵĺվǳ֣֮һ벽οܵסɱ
ͬһʱ䣬һʿȻҲǿһĻ̲סһǿɱ·ʱ֮˿ɵԴ죬ǴԱʮ֮һĳӺǧȺУ񣬵ٴ׷ҪĨɱʱȴ룬쾹ȻͻȻ份ۼɱƣһ壬һĵһӻתۼͱɱ
ԴˣЩʿ־ŭֺޣȴǿ־壬Ϊʱطۼɱֲ̫ˣ֯ɱ·㡣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһһڻʿֵӶݡ
ֻǣʮռڣۼɱƸգܹӵĳȥ

ҽޱѪһըһһĻǿը顣
˸Ӹ壬ٶ죬Զӡ
ûͨĻʿĿƶ˸ϡ
ʮѾ·ʲôǣ
Į
Ż䣬һתʮɱۣ֯һҵɱ
һ̣וּһɱˣֱĳŻ缽
缽Ϊĵڶӣһ㣬Ǵڰ벽ֻǱȻһЩѣʱӭһɵôһ𣬽ȫ츳ͨһҼһǿ
ֻǣۼɱ۶ɱ£һ벽ֵˣ츳ֻͨײ˲뱻顣
󣬰ҵɱƲ䣬һϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽ缽ֱӱ飬ҲһС
һ׵ˬ
Ц
һʮʲôƨӣȫˣ
׻໵
ЦԵˡ
Ŀƶ߸ϣһתһֱӱµİɱֶȫطۼɱƵɱ۶ɣ֯ϢеĻ£Ϊһĵӡ
࣡
ŭͲʵص׳ܵһʱ䱻ɱ飬һ̣ɱϣͬͻ缽ǰ㣬˲佫ķ飬һ𣬳ؼ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬طҽϣѪһƬһƬըȻûĿƣۼɱҲʹһͨʿ
ת֮䣬طǧǿߣǧ𣬳š
廹ʣӣǾŭ㣬ʱȴʲôҲˣΨһıǽٶᵽ죬ԸٶȳԶߡ


1831 ԻΣ
ʮ̤·ʣ»ߡ⡢СƝͻˣʱ˿ͣҲûУܾŭȴֻӡ
ĿϣȻһЦһƬɱ
ﬣ
ɱⷢͬһУȫǡ
һ̣۵𣬻תۼǱȫ顣

˽ŭⵥɱ£ûб飬ٴγԶնߡ
ʱ򣬽֯طɱ̫ˣǿҲȫ
ӵ𡣡
Ц
̧֣âӿʮɱۣһɱӡеĻѹ¡
ͷƤ飬һŭ츳ͨʶӭϡ
Ȼۼɱƽ֯ĴƬɱ۳ɵɱӡЩֶθ˿ҲûУ˲ϢǱѹķ飬漴ɱӡֱϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽߵըһʧ
ף
̶ʮʱ䣬طĻ缽׺ͻ⼸ȺĨɱʵ÷ʹ졣
¡¡ʮɱڽ֯ɱһƬһƬĽ֯طȫɱһʿӴܣȴûκá
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһƬƬըգۼ䣬ǧĻǿߣڣʣٶˡ
࣬ס֣㽫ĵˣգؽɱ㣡
񼶵Ļǿŭ
ɨӹȥ˵֮ǰҪɱһ
Ż䣬ֱһƬɱ⳯ڵĻǿ䣬˲ǰ
ۣ
ѪˮŽ񼶻ǿֱըһʱ
ۼɱƽ֯ɱ⣬ǵǿĻӶסЩܹͨȥ⡣

Į
Ż䣬طĵۼɱƸܶǷǳƣɱȴֲˣܼɱתݻ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮƬըĲҽУۼɱ£ûܵסһǿڲҺ
ֱ߸طĵرױѪˮȾ죬ǧĻǿߣֻʣ»⡢СƝͻӻδ
Ȼ˵״ȴҲޱңѾǴı߽ϡ
ˬ̫ˬˣ
̲סУ׻ƵҲǴЦ
ǧĻǿɱطתۼֻʣˣܲǸо̹ˬ죿
ˡ
Ŀڻ⡢СƝͻϣһɱŲɱ⣬ֻ˵£ƿأһ۳ɱ
ﬣ
ɱ̶ĽԶ׼һˣವĳն䡣
漴ֻ˲ѣɱͷֱ¡
ӿɱʮգɱƵ£ֱӱˡ
ȻҲʱһεĴͻأ֣Զȵɱƿ£ն˵ۼɱڵһʱ͵ķ顣
ңܵһۼɱҲ˲ȫʧ
һߴӰطޱȵĻ⣬
⡢СƝͻ˶ʱԾ漴ִϲ


ͬһʱ䣬ɫ׻ƵһҲԸűɫ
ߴӰȻǻ
̬ôˣǺǸϻս·֮𣿡
׻
Ǽû뵽Ȼʱ³·ϣǰ˲Ϣ·ϵۼɱơ
ȼĴڣʱ򣬽ֻǶԷȻȻ֯ŵƾһԶĸо۾ͷǵѹʵ̫ˣѹ
ߣ
ѵҧ̫ľ𶯣żޱȼᶨ־ѻǿƣԽɫâŰһˣֱԶӡ
ĴڣʵܲûʲôãôˣΪôվŵ
ಣ
Ϊ̫ľתޣǲ߶ޣһ˲ǿ޾Զ
סߺͳ㣬̤·ˣȫˡ
⹪˵ûټ˵ȥ
޾ԣޱ䣬ޱĮĿڹ·ͷƶϣ·ܽһп
Ǽ˵ȫˡǳĿС̫ϣ壬ʵĺ
һֱлɱԻֱĳնȥҽҲһС
ͬʱ֣̽֯ʵĻ⣬С̫ץȥ


1832 鷳
Żֻ֣΢Ϣʹʮռȫա
һ˲ǲܶˣֻŻĻɱѹ
϶۷ۣô꣬ȻԼСһﶯ֣Ҫ
𣬻ѹһ˵Ļɱ˲䱻ķ飬ͬһʱ䣬ץС̫ӡҲһ˲顣
һ߳һǰһİı鿴Ż
쵱΢ϲϼһĺܼʱ
߲ǱˣȻϻ졣
ͬʱʶϻİ׻Ƶʱ˿ϻǿ֪ģԲʱϻˣǲٺ»
ʱϻ죬ǲɵͫ΢֮ǰǾͼϻһ棬Ϊһ۷弶ۣǵֺ
ϲģͦ졣
ϻ죬Į
ϻĥָŻһٳ޿ǵڣ˼ҶȻ˳ƾôһΣ˼Ҷã
⻰쵱ȻһЩ֮ǰϻͻս·⣬ϻƺǱһڴסˣ֮󣬻··ϵɱƣɱǣϻǡպø˹
۶ãվס㣬ֻһҲ˵㲻籾
Į
үǸ˼ҾͲˬȥѣ
ϻ
ɫһмֲÿúǺ䣺ϲģ
ϻʱܵĻڣ޾ռ챦ϴ˴룬ٲȻһ˰̡±ϻٴǰԳԺȥһѣڽ˰̡
СǸֲܻܽ˼ôģһ֣ˬ
ϻһҲûǿߵϺ̬
ɫӲÿˣ϶
Ż£ֱӶֳϻץȥɱӿˡ
˼㣿
ϻֱһĹȥ·ݺһ
۷תۼײһϢƵҪһж
Сӣϲģ˼ҵţĻȥ·ͷȡȡȡҲûȡ
ϻ
΢漴ͷԭҪȥ¡
£кˣֱ뿪ط·ľͷȥ
ϻ첻Ȼϻ쵲Ż˿ҲõĶԷİΣ
Įһ̧ƬĻɱݻһˡ
ϲģĶ˼ҡ
ϻֱһƽЩɱȫ顣
⡢СƝͻ
ģһȡӣ
Ȼ׻˼
£ĸֱӳһ׷ȥ
·ϵЩۼɱѾȫĥǲٵЩۼɱƵв
ϻ쿴׷һˣûΪ֪ûʲôá
»׷ɱһˣȻɱˡ
ϲģСȫ·ϡ
ϻܷӿһ
һ壡
Įⷭӿѹϻ졣
ⷭӿƬռƺʱпܱ٣Ϣܺˡ
һԭʼ֯ÿһƶء
ĶҲǻ壬Ҫϲ٣ѾǲֺˣڴǸСһٴ㣬ȻĻɺ㡣
ϻ
ܹѹҲһ
⣬ӿȡ
ʹɡ
ϻġ
۷۽棬һƵϯķһ̬֮ﶼڱ١

һ뿪֮ǰĵطԼٳŹ·ͷȥ
˵ղŸһǸϼһǿ쾧˭ȡˡ
׻
Ҫ·ͷȥȡӡ
˵ţɫڣøӳңһ˷С
ﬣ
ҲʱĽصǳ̶
󣬻׷źԶնܼɱ
˵
ͬʱɫЩء
ӣǳǿȻ֮ǰΪ컽ۼɱʹ˶˲ˣǶǶԣž޴в
Ƕ
𣬻˽ӱɱ˿Ҳڡ
üͷ΢壬·ϵۼɱѾٵ굤Ҳûˣٴα⼸߱ɱͨĻ׷ϣǴ鷳


1833 ɾ
⡢СƝͻ׷֮ǰѾ˺صˣɱϾ۷ʱǶ߱ɱǿߣʱ׷ɱûж굤ۼɱƵ£첻ɵΪ֮üΪڴ鷳
ֻǣʱûпӦԵİ취ֻܼ·ľͷ塣
ﬣ
̶ĻӶ֣źԶնɱ
ɱᴩգתۼһ˵Ľǰ
ԽɫŰԸٶƶͬʱֻͼʥϵϢӭϻն
ûйͣҲתǲǰ塣
ûл·

һʮӺǧǿˣڶ̶̵ʱﱻնӣǧ˸ȫҲǶɱŨ㡣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһ٣롣
һڼȥһҲע󣬼˽ƽ룬üͷɵǰľǷǳ⡣

һ΢·ƮǰһƬС֣еİƮš
ԭûȻ棬һ̣ͫ΢һƾâ֡
ǡ
ǰЩȣǲɵù
ôСӣ
ʵͬʱҲڲϵ󿴣Żǵľˣ鲻ɵñúء
카Цûʲôĵط
˵⻰ٶȸ˼֣ˣǰƬС֡
ʮѣһƬСС
Сڣа죬ɾĸо
С֣Ƶǰ˰ɣͣ
Сӣͣʲô
ʵʱ򣬻׷Ȼʱͣ
ҲʱವƿС֡
ˣ㵹Ӱ
⿴죬ĵ
ԱߣСƝͻҲĿɭ䣬ɱŨľˡ
ˣ·
쿴ˣĵ
⻰˶Ƕݡ
Сӣа취Ըˣ
׻ʵҲ
û˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷ
棬
ƾڵ㣬ܶԸǣЦûڵʲôҲ㲻ϣ

Ż䣬ٶ˵ʲôֱȥɱ⽻֯
ɱĽ⸡֣ն죬ͬʱҲһ֡
ܹоȻɱĿ£ʱȴ˿Ҳ⡣
ǻǲ˼ڵˡ
Ц
˵ţڵرϺݺһ̤ɢ̼طСֶʼƮƬСڵİɫ󣬵رӿһƬƬɫĹԣתۼ۳ܼİɫֱĳɱĻնȥ
͵ģɱתۼǱķ顣
ңһɴƵɣʺѪˮ
㡭
ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ĸҲűɫ
Сӣǡ
ҲǶݣԾͬʱ¶âϲɫ
ʱͻչֳǿһܹѹƻˡ
ĵƣܲһ㡣
򵥵
Сֺû⣬Ƿ֣Сֵص״֯һɾ̷֣ǳ֮ȻǶ۷Ҳżв
̤ص׵ɾ֮ԶԸˡ
ĻƵеŨȻ컰е˼ⷽСһ֣ղȻڵ
úúããҪ⼸С˵
׻Ц
ۼɱƱٵһԻ˵׷ɱʮ⣬ȴ룬Ȼһмظ֣ظֵһѹƻˡ
棬ĸӵɫǺѿ֪ܲôͻȻչֳ˸ղǰµȴ֪ѹǵ
ˣ
ҧкĸӿٺˡ
ʵ̫Źˣгһδ䣬ʱͻȻֵǳصȻǲ⣬ԵޱȵĽ
ˣͱ˳ȥ

䣬ŵ޾ӿⷽСڣص¶ʱиİɫâ𣬻һɫĹ磬Сȫ֡
ļ˲Ÿո˳ʮԶ뱻˻
㡭
˵ɫʮѿ
ͬʮӣȥˣٴξһ𡣡
Ц
Ż䣬ŵиƵطСٴδһٲԵص׳𣬺Ƶź֮ĻϢֱѹˡ


1834 ն
аɸߣȫСɽصµɾֵ۶ɣ֯ŵϢʵ̫ˣ۷弶ҲΪȻ
⡢СƝͻ˵Ǳɫʱ޷ߵ£ֻӲͷƤȫܿ⡣
䣡
ɾĹ𶯣¡¡һ̱Ǻ˼ײһ
͵һĴת۶ѣ˼ĻܱǱٸѹĳ׷顣
ͬʱ֮ɢŻȵѹ£һ˲ȵϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ˽ȫѹ顣
ȻԶԶ֮ǰЩɱƣԸ˸Ӿ㹻ˣ
Ц
ǣ
׻
ȻҪɱǣҲ޷˲ɣϾܿƵɾֵޣ޷ȫ
˵⻰ڿǰǸ򣬹ģѪ䶯죬ȵ˲ûʱ۳
¾۳ʱ죬˵ɫѿΪԶǣÿһΣһʼ׷ɱ죬ÿһʱ촦ƣ浽ȴÿζվֱ仯µûţǳܡ
ǿȥܲģ
쿴Ц
˵ɫѾܲÿˣ˿̼Ц˵ôһ仰ó⻰ĳ
࣬㲻Ҫ̫⣬ûЩʲô㲻ϣ
⺮
ЦҾЩҾǵ⣬ΣҲһЩ
ɫѿҪܵҪɫѿ͵ֱӽǰ˸Ĩɱˡ
û˵ˣ쿴ˣǾ
䣬һطصµɾ֮ٴαһƬһƬɱ𶯣ֱĳŻѹȥ
Ϣֱ֯ӽһƬһƬԭڵİɫƮɢ
֮ͬǰǰȫ⣬ǽȴǺ֮ǰһ޶ԵסȴܹĻ˲飬һը
һΣû겻𣬺ܿ۳ϢȴǱ˺ܶࡣ
ɱǣûôף
ҧܸо˾޴вɫѿͷȴǲ
ЦǾͿ֧Ŷá
תɾֵٴαѹˡ
һΣ۵ģը顣
ֱƬصµɾ֮߶ֱڻϡ

ʵĲҽٺҲĥֱ
壡
ȵ־ŭУһ˱ɱˡ
üȥ

Ż䣬һرŵһƬƬƽ֯дƬɹ⽻֯һɱâûȵˡ

·ǰһλãѹ֯ÿһƶǿֲÿһƶ·ѹһС
ϻ켤ս£ʱһϻ콻棬һ߳·ȥȥǸλãȻλá
ϲģ˼˵Ĳɣʮӣն·ϣȫǸСһС
ϻĵ˦ֳѹһƬԡ
Įһϻѹԣλÿȥдĺ⣬ȻܸӦ﷢£ʱС
Ķ˼ҡϻ춯֣»ɨƬâͬʱȰ㻹ʵʵĻĻȥȥɱǸСһʮǰǹϢоɣɢϢˣСܵĺܣСİǳʱƵġ
ԳʱһֱĮʱϻĻȴǲɵöݡ
ʶǸˣֻйأ
ϻ죬õͳһЩ
ʮǰһɺ˵ϢͻȻڴؼ䣬оȥֻǰ벽ʼΪǵѹȴֲ̫ˣڿֻţϵĴڴӳ˯ѣȻҲоǵϢΪǵϢļ¡
ɢǵϢ˳֣Ȼ۷ҲǶ֣ǵȾɢǰֲѹѾá¡ݣû뵽ϻ쾹Ȼ֪˭ҳƺйأϵܡ
ϻȻһЦٶ˵ʲôּԽ֯·Ϣӿȡ

·Щλá
䣡
ʵɹⷭӿɱһһĳŻѹ䡣


1835 ·ͷ
ɾкΰΪȻ޷ɾֵҪԸŵĻȴһҲѡ
ˣ
һһɱ⳯ŶԷӿϣȫɾֵɣʮա
ǲ˿⣬ȫǿܿ⣬֯һһġ
Ȼɾֵ̫ǿˣֻһ˲ѣ˼ӿֱܱӱѹķ飬漴һƬһƬɱƺƵļѹˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһը˸סһʱǱ
ѪƮڿУǵ㣬һƬĿ
ã
ȫ
Цоˬ
ģѪ䶯֮𣬻û𶯣ܿ۳
ҧɫѿ
ǿǣʮӣиɱʵΪߣʵսǿȴһһαصѹƣֱǸ˳ʹＫȵıܡ
ʲôɸұƴʵս
ҧ졣
ԣΪѹƵһ磬һָͷ㣡

ЦһһƾʲôҪѹΪһս
Ⱥ
첻мҿԼֶƾʲôҪһս
ȶʱ쾹Ȼ˵Ļѹ
ˣúϻ

Ż䣬ŵһ̼иɹ⽻ֱ֯ĳŻѹ¡
ɱٶ̫죬Ϣ̫۵һǽ֮ѹķ飬ңһ嶼⵽˴󴴣ϲһһѺۡ
ˣɡ

Ż䣬˫ֽӡƽֱ֯ݻһͷǧɴ
໣
ֱĳŻȵѹȥ
ؾֱۣŲƵܡ
ңŵĻһͷȵꡣ
ֻǣͷ̫ǿˣ⼸˵˿ҲûУ˲Ǳ飬һȫը
ͬʱһҽ𣬻ȵվûܿĺֱӱУһֱ̣ӱ鿪

ʱʮӻʣ»ˣ󣬱ޱѿ
ˡ
ǴϢʱ䣬תޣʩչеһֱӻûˮһܼɱ
еӵȻǸо˼Ϊ˵ĻϢȫ⣬ϧȼһԴǿս
ȻǴ˿Ȼǿ֮ĩȼԴٶȹֱӱɾִ߶ӡϣ󣬴Ƭɱֱĳѹ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮըһƬƬ˽Ƿ飬һֱ˴ȴҲ㣬鲼Ѻۣѵؾ
α˷޸ֱɡ

¡¡ģٶתӿȵɾ֮ѹ䡣
һΣ˱޿ɱܣֱӱӿɹûֱؼ䡣
ȫɵˣã
׻Ц
ʮӣȫ·ϣƻϹ

ҡͷá˵ʮȻǿʮӣ˹ȻԻһڴʧͬĹϴڣ治ΪΪôʮӶд
룬⻰Ҳе
Ĺǰ۷ۣһ֮治ǻΪȥʮ˶ʹۡ
ˣǸ·ͷ

·ˣȥ⣬ȫϻţʱû·ͷȥȡӡ
кˣٶȺܿ죬·ͷȥ

䣡
·ǰһЩλϣϻڼսս״ǳˣϢһС
оûϻ磬˼˵Ĳɣʮź󱲣ȫˡ
ϻЦ
䣬һƬɭȻоõȵ˵ϢȫʧˣѾնɱ
ֻǣȴܱ⣬û¶˿ŭ⣬ûʲôȻȵʮ˵ȻÿϧʧȴҲһ¡
䣡
ͨⷭӿʮҪǰ·ͷȥȡӡ
ϻȻ֪Էڴʲôע⣬ֱ˦Ƭɱ⣺˼ǿ
¡¡ģ۷۴ײϢռƬƬı顣

ĨɱȵˣʱٶȺܿ죬кһ˳Ź·ͷȥ
ʱ䣬תǹȥա
һ죬ǰĿռûͬˮһ㵴һĴָǴСĹţ֯ŵʥԣ·һС


1836 ӹ
ʥԽֻ֯ĴָСѣȴ·һпԡ
ǡӣ
һ𺳡
·ͷҵŤռڽ֯ôһĴָСĹţһƬʣƺ嫺ͻޱ޾Ϣһֻһ˲뵽ʲô
ôһöĴָǰСĶֽ֯ǰ嫵ܣǴ·ͷӣʲô
н֯⣬ŻҿռڵӣкһǰС
һ˵ͷԳǰһ̣ȴ⣬˽һȫֹסΣ亹䡣
ôˣ
Ȼǿһ˵
Ӣۺ˶죬׻ʵûо
ʲôо
΢΢ü
һ˿죬Ƕݣܴѹ񵱳쾧ʱǰ㣬ʱѹҪڣүоǰˡ
ͬ
ƿڡ
û˵ʲô䣬ȴǿԿͬ˼
С̫ɵĹ˵һ
ʱǾãٳǰһԻٸӿֲѹǵѹƺܹ׽ѹķ飬ʹǴӱһС
Щݣһ˶ѹǣʲôûио
ʲôоҲû
׻ٴ죬ʵǿʱһɵı顣
ûС
ҡͷ
ʹһ˶ݣôЩһ㰡
Ҳʱ˵һ·ͷĻҿռڣƳӾ˵ĹԣͬǴԭʼһ㣬嫹ĺˡ
ͬʱͬһʱ䣬⣬һƵĵâԻͬ֯ź嫺͹ƺԽؼһжָǡ
쵱΢Ź·ͷǻҿռӲڵʱˣһƵķ֮֯⣬ƺӹ
⡭
ǶݣȻǿһĻҲȻоеĲһ㡣
ֵĵƺںӡ
ۡ
ѽ
С̫ҲǵԲĴ۾ԴųԾ֮ɫ
Ӧڵн֯ӦŹ·ͷӲ߼ĹԽԽԣеľɫǲɵñøŨ
벽ʱãһֱ֪ʲôû뵽ʱȵӹ
ʵ𺳣ӣһʱЩˡ
ʱӦǰӣ߬צӶСӣϽǰߣүãһȡӣԵģ
ϽȥүͬĸоһܹȡУ
׻ŵ
ʱһ˽ܸܵӵľ޴ѹȴûܵһ˿һӰ죬ңڵĵӹǽ֯ͬĺ嫺͹ٲȻѾһˣʹʱţȡӡ
н֯âʵϣĿʱѾȫϡ
һ漴ˣһӵǷҿռȥ
ĽŲƽСĵĽ䱸Ϊҿռǳ£ӵкĻʱûиоͬͰǵȾ޴ѹڵںӹǣԵ÷ǳСġ
հ͡
հ͡
հ͡
صĽŲһʮӵĻҿռԵһ˲һֻųпȥ漴ȻĿ뵽С
ʹһû⣡
һ̣ٴοû뵽ҿռУԭڻҿռ˻ȴǲûѹ
ͬʱûиӦ˿ӵѹڵӵĹøңâŨ
ȫĽȥˣ
ֱֱĶǰдžɫͬʱҲŨŨڴͼ
ҿռУʱѾǳһ󣬿ʼƬҿռǰڹȥʮʱԱߡ
ȥһžӨ飬ûκεƣеֻǴĹԣеֻĺ嫣ֻĴָǴСȴ˲һȴ绹Ҫ嫺ĸо
ңôڵ𶯵ĸɢĹҲŨâӹ໥𶯣໥俿£
һֹ̣ײһ𣬶ֱӿʼڡ
ˣ
˵ĺϢӿһ˲䣬طҿռ俪ʼ飬ӿ뵽֮ڣ漴һĿĹֱ𣬽ͬʱ֣嫺͹ϢƺҪضᴩ
ʱ·𣬽еĻϻһ𣬽Կ·ͷ
Сӡ潫ȡˣ
ϻɴۡ


1837 벽
Ź·ͷϻɴۡ
֮ǰ쾡ȥȡӣȴ뵽쾹Ȼĸȡˣ
ɫɭмĹ󣬶Ź·ֱӳȥ
˼ңϻעŹ·ͬʱ֣ƲѾȡȥܸ
ӱ䣬ʲôҲûУֻĻøӵĳҡ
䣡
ռɱϢˡ

·ͷ
ӵĻҿռƬƬı飬Ϊ˵ĹԣԴԴϵĳӿȥ
һʱ䣬ɢĹâøˣطԲʮɷΧڣеһнǱȹԸסˡ
ǱԣֻޱȳأǱǦһ㣬Զ
ͬһʱ䣬ȴҲһɷǳ̹ĸоľȸ涼һǳ˵ٶȱǿ
ˣ
ģøŨˡ
ƬռڵһУʱ򶼱һԣضʼ𶯡
ǰԾ漴һ̣һŻĹԣĵâĻ£ǣڣʹһ
ϵĹâ͵âøŨ·
ˣ
ȡǶ
˾ܴӸղſʼ;һȡӣʱûڣǲɵ¶𾪵ı顣
Ͼöӿɲһ㣬˵ҪµԹȡʧܣȴǽȡˡ
һֱ
Ŀⲻס˸
ԼʱǲɵóԾǰΪԼԽȡߣȡΪҲض÷ϼĹȴǲ룬Ȼ׾ٵľȡӣȫûзһ˿һ
ʹļʱҲǲɵЩ˷ܣͬʱҲһ
ǵȵ

ܹоĵܹ֮򵥵ĿӣӷʹƮڣһУȫǺйء
ԼǵȫȻǶһ˿𺳣ʵ̫Ƿˣ
ˣ
⻷ƽ֯ûڣͬһߣֱʮԴԣǲκζΨ˿˿Ƶ籾ԴӿһƵĽĸ䡣
һʱ䣬ֻоԼľǿٶȸӿˣΪֱư벽ȥңѪֹǵȣҲʱɿıǿ
һۣʮȥ
ʮԴԾֹȫΪһ壬ͬʱһɰӿһ벽񾳲Ρ
ʱΪ벽ȴҲǲû̫ȥ⣬һֱԴԱߵϡ
ⶫ뵽ڣӸоķǷʵ̫ˡ
ã
оâտտεļΪʱȷʵǷǳˡ
Ӱõˣ
öӣʹһƬҪʵ磬пҪǿܹ
䣡
ͻȻ𣬿ռ
ⷭӿʱ嵽ͨⷭӿĿϣֱӳץȥ
ϻ磬˵ˣĶ˼ңϻһƳͬʱСӣǳ˼ҵ⣬Ȼȡˣ
á
ô˵ڽ䱸Ż
ͬʱȻҲھĿŻϾһ۷ۣϻǽš
Ŀϣܿϻһγץȥ
ָţݻϢˡ
һʱо˼ѹñˣٺˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϻ춯֣Ǽͨӭϻ
ϻ磬ҼСӶ֣治½ʮǰǸǳ
ϻ
Ӧǿɱӿȡ
ʮǰؼͻȻǵϢȷʵǷǳֲֻǰ벽ʼΪѣȴޱĲܹɢǵȿֲϢˣҪһսԲǶֻ֣ܰеȷźŨļɵ
ǵȼɵʱӣǰԹȡӣȡӣֻҪжᣬǾƿˡʵϣɳʮӽ·ҲϣЩȡӣٶȡȡӵ˵漴ӱǵУʵڼ̵ʱڷ޴ı仯
ӱȡֻҪѹȡͿƿӣ漴ʱǿʱɵˣ
䣡
𶯣һɺ֣ȫԭʼ۶ɣǳƣϢ


1838 Ա˵ĵ
۳ɴӣǳУɢϢǿˣ
ͷƤһ飬ǻɺ򣬻Ȼѹ˹
һ۷Ļʩչǵֲܿ궼ھ
ֻһ˲ѣɺӻûѹϣαֱӱˡ
ɺУ˻Ҫѹǿ־ľ磬ܲˡ
˵ˣĶ˼ңѹӣûŶϻӿһʵӰԻֱһѹĻɺӣͬʱ죬ǳ֣أСӣϽߣ뿪
˵ȻʱңңĿԶдһ˿أ̧֣սĹУһƽطһ޴Ż
ߣѿ
ٴδ죬ңۼ԰죬Żֱ˦ȥ
˿ߣС
Į
ԶգһӰͨԻƣֱӽϻ򿪵Ż顣
Ӱߵǰֱ̧ץ졣
쵱ݣˣǵ죡
һʱ˸ղϻΪͻȻЩУ뿪ԭ̻󣬵Ҳˣϻ֪
޴Ĺӡ𶯣¡
۷弶Ϣӿȡ
ϻ
ϻ֮ǰ۳ӰøǿϢ죬ŵӭȥ
͵һӡ㱻顣
ֻǣıûб仯Į
ûеõ쾧գӣȡ֮
Į
¡¡ģɢϢøǿ˵㣬һ߼ѹϻ죬һץ졣
ڱ
Į򽻷ϻͬʱ𶯣̧ץ졣
ƾ¶ȡ
ͻͬһӪĳЩ£ĻҪᣬ໥ǫá
ߣָ
ϢѹϻͬʱҲѹ죬ʮҡ
ϻ
ϻĥͨ죬ǿнѹ飬¡
¡¡ģۼǿߵܽײƺҪһжһ㡣
쵣Ѿȡﵽ˰벽񾳣ͻ͵Ĳ࣬Ҳ̫ԣסϻȻǿһս۷ۣʱ״ҲǲʱȥԻΣ֮С
СӣŸ˼סǣϽߣ뿪ϻһ߶ս͵죬һ߳Ӳʧ
ʱһ֮ǣס͵죬Ѿ޷뿪
һӲʧʱǵһμϻ֣صģ
ӸܵȡжôҪϲϻ춼ˡ
£ͷϻס͵죬ֱкƵˣ·ߡ
͵ͬʱøĮһ֣ճѹȥ
ͬʱͬһʱ䣬ԶգۼϢӿ֣ӰȺ֣ͬʱ絽
ˣ¡
һĮ
һϢӿ˶֣޾֮⳯ѹ䡣
򣿣תʥ
ͷһ飬ɫٱ䡣
ͬʱʱɫѿ̫Ϻڤ
⼸ϵĴڣȻ
ңһΣƺ
ҲϳˣɫҲǱˣ鷳ˣ
ͬʱҲűɫתۼ䣬Ȼô۳
⣬Ȼȫ죬Ҫѹȡõӣ
ֻϣȻȡӣǿˣ
̫ϱ죬ʱҲûо޿Ϊ޿ڵĻûпϾǸʱȼջֻǽˣ֮Ǿ߻ʶֱɢˡ
޾Խ֯ڻƶֱѹ죬Ϣˣǿֲ
ͬһʱ䣬ڤҲŶ֣ڤⷭӿѹ졣
ʱ۷弶ѹӿطضΪ֮Ҷ
ϻ춯ݣһʧɫȫ
ֻǣһҪͬʱͬεۣȻܣûܹ
ܣתۼǰ
һɲǣֱӲܶˣֻһɭɭԻطӿ֡
ĸоǰδеŨҡ
Ա˵ĵ㡣
ͻȻһ
Ϣ䣬ǰһƾճ֣е񻪽֯
һ̣͵΢촫졢̫ϡתʥڤѹȫ飬̼ɢһɶ


1839 εȿֲ
ƮڿУǰϢһӣͦΣݿɣԽ֯⣬̼佫ѹķ飬ط˶Ƕݣһ
ʲôˣ
ڤ˶ǲɵͣ˺ϻĽ棬Ŀڰϡ
ϻȻҲǶݣڤ۷ͬʱǿܣȴȻתۼ䱻ȫ飬ңôֵģȻȫûܹЩ𺳡
ͬһʱ䣬ıһ¾ͱˣǰİʱȻǱģǹϤϢȴǼǵޱȵ
ҲʱתһѹԴϣҵԴֱӽͷһƬңСӣʦҲ
룡
쵱ͷһԥҲûУЩĺǰˡ
ĶʦϾƹһصˡ
ʱϾƹͻȻ֣־ϲ
ͬһʱ䣬ƵҲݣû뵽ʦͻȻǿ֪ʦжǿ
СӵʦǸų콾ˣ
׻ǳԾȻûۼϾƹȴû뵽ˡ
ԣǸˣקקצӣÿһʱʵǳķԾʽ仯˵ĸоǡܡ
쿴ϾƹôƽЩһʱ䶼ɵ˻ȼ۷۵ĴڣϾƹϼһЩȥˣһζûȥڡ
Ͼƹ죬ʹԴдŵ΢⣬һ˲Եޱ䣺ûʲôʦһ𣬿Ƭء
䣡
ͻȻ˵ѹӿɣ̫ϵ۷ȫˣһѹ£Ҫѹ죬ͬʱϾƹҲһС
ϾƹĻУѾ֪ϾƹĹϵȻϾƹȥһ㣬ȴҲ⣬ϾǸ޾£ؼ䣬ûм⡣
ǵҪϣΪӾڣ˵뷨һ£ѹ죬ȡƿӣٶ֮Խ
¡¡ģ۷ۼӿת۱Ͼƹǰѹ¡
ⲢǻܣΪڣǵöȡƿӣԣƻˣȴɺֲܿſѹһеĴ
쵱ͲȹЩˣоԼ·һ̾Ҫһ㣬ָſڶˡ
ѹȸнֻһ˲ǾʧˣϾƹе⻪ֱӽ˵İѹȥ
ͬʱ۷ۼͨһ˲Ƿ飬˲΢𣬵ŵŵŵĺ˳ȥʮԶɫ䡣
ͬʱ֣ȻûмȫǵȴҲԺܿˣȴȻֻǱϾƹϢ͸ķ飬ҽͬʱĺˡ
ϻ춼ݣһ˲˲ĶϾƹӶɵõԲˣðϹǿ͹ȴڣʱסˡ
Ƶ˸𺧣֪ʦϾƹǿ̬ĺܣʱһĻ̲סȻ
⣬ʵ
׻ӲûɳûпһۣŻˣֻϢĻ۷ۼܱ飬ҽɣǺεȵĿֲ
ȻҲɫ䣺ϼһ⡭
ֻϢ۷۱ˣǺεʵҪ֪ˣûһͨ۰壬ǳѪƿɾˣôһȺǿߣȴȻ׵ľͱϾƹˡ
㵽ʲôˣ
Ͼƹ𾪡
ϾƹʹԴͷĸңЦ¡
죺
࣡
ɭ𣬻˿ϾƹϢԿʼԺ䡣
ϾƹƫͷˣĿƽͣʲôɨ˺Ŀ䵽ϣڵ򣬲Ҳôʺˣȥ硢ڤԼȼҪ磬ҪһЩԿҪȥЩѰҡ
Ƕݣ£
ϾƹͷһָһĨʶУҪѰҵĶ졣
䣡
ϢʱֶˣһѹʱĿϾƹˣԿϾƹǿ
ۼѹ֯ȫסϾƹһ̶ҪѹӣȱǵĨϾƹС


1840 Ż
ۼϢӿۼǿһ֣֮ܲǰҲ֪ǿ˶ٱͬһʱϾƹʮΪ֮·¡¡Ϊ֮죬·һ̾Ҫȫ顣
ϼһСģ
ȻܹоܲĿֲܴ˿ЩȫѹϾƹûһ˿Ϣϣȴɵ÷·һ̾Ҫһ㡣
ϾƹɱŻ̫ڤˣ⵭΢΢һѹ˲䱻ȫ顣ͬһʱ䣬ˮƵɲǽ̫Ϻͻȫ֡
̫ϵ˸ܴȻȴǸⲻЩ⣬Ѷһʱɫ䡣
쵱ʧɫӶɵöһ£ǿ۷۰ŽĴȴô׾ͱϾƹѹˡ
ͰȻɫ䣬ȫֱϾƹʵŵˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϻۿϾƹͫײɵһѵ۾ˣ
˶Ѿ۾ߵ˾ͷҸͨʿ빥Ͼƹȴ򵥾ͱϾƹѹˣʵɫЩڿˡ
Ͼƹ죬ҪȡӣһϣһմΣС죺ĨǣǵԼǿԼǡ
˵ȻƽҲƽ·Ĩɱ˸
ҲʹûתʥɫһʱøѿϾƹǡ
ǸХ𳤿գԼȫϾƹԡ
ȻȴһҲûУϾƹԿȥǳȴ͵ĺˣȫҲ岻ơ
ʹ˵ɫһٱ䣬ͬʱͰҲ𺧣ǰһĻĲᣬʵʵֲ̫ˡ
ȻҲΪһĻ𺳣Ȼ֪Լʦǿ̬ĺܣ̲סĲ˾Ȼȫѹˣңôļ򵥣ֻƾϢȫѹˡ
ô˵ɱԺɱ
Ͼƹ
һӾɢˣ˼άޱݣϾƹѹĻˣĿϾƹϣɫɱ
Ͼƹʵжǿ֪ǣܿĳϾƹҪɱ˾ԲѣӦúɣǣһǿĶ־Ͼƹ֡ΪȡӶҪѹɱĵˣһΣԼԣȻڴ򲻹ˣǵԼԺΣգҲһֶʹʵ
ңкҪһ㣬У̫Ϻתʥ£̫ϸȼһ߻·޿̡񣬾˲µĶ֣ӣ˹ӣ±жǿ󣬾̧־ͻɱˣվնɱˣΪʲôΪ˷Ӧеκ͵
Ͼƹ죺ȷ
ͷȷ
ϾƹͷЦܺã
Ż䣬ֱ̧֣һ˦һƬԾֱڻϣĽȫɨɣתۼʧ·ϡ
һĻʹطһļ¡
۷ۣǻĹŴ˵мֲȴǱϾƹͨĲӬֱӸķˣǺεȵĺˣ
⡭콾׻£ֱĿϾƹ̫ǿˣү̫ˣʵֶΣֱǡ
ϻ춼𺳣ֱֱĶϾƹŵı飺Ļʯʵֱ
ֲ
૵
Ͼƹ죬㣬һֱһŻŨĻϢƮ
磬ȥɡ
Ͼƹ
ͷϳͨŻӿݻΪʵҪȥȶȡ
ͬʱҲһ
ϾƹȻȥһȥ
Ͼƹͷˣأһȥ
ҡͷƵҲҡͷ
ЩǸ죬ΪʵԽĺܿ죬ǣȴǿѰɱȥͬһ뿪ʮʱǰ㣬ԼȥߣԼĥ
ѽ
С̫ͷҪһȥ硣
СҲͷҲҪһȥ
գһоС̫һǰ磬ˣȥط
Դˣ첢û˵ʲôǵѡ
ңҲ֪Ƕȷʵкô
ҪЩ䣬Ҳǵһϣһȫȡ



1841 ʮӰ
ӷǳҪݻһƬȴҪٵС˿ڣѯҪЩʲôܼҰ⣬ûϾƹʶеĹӿҪһһ֪Ͱһˡ
һ԰ΣΪأ㷢ЩҲҪȷܹ԰ȫ²ȥȡ֮
˵
ʹӿݱһЩ䣬ȻȻҲͺܲһ㣬κһ䶯ǿᣬԣЩȡЩע˲׾٣ѶȷǳҰŸ߷ա
֪
̶ͷ
ʵϣ̶ҲѾȥδȻΪϾƹ֮ǰᵽڤȼط˹ϾƹȥǼ硣
ϾƹָŻԻֱͨ磬вͬϢд
ǿǿ
ôһۣ̤ͨڤŻڡ
ͬʱơ桢ͷӢ۵Ⱥһ̤ŻŻУֻתۼʧӰ١
֪ϾƹӦûЩҪ˵ԣǱһ룬ңҲǺȥͬһطʱûбҪ졣
쿴һʧŻڣвɵ˿˿΢֡
һ𣬵һ˸ԵƪµĿʼ֪ٴڶԺ
£ЩпܿҲͻָϾƹϼһпջطڿһɣ̫ϳϺǣ㡣
ϾƹЦġ
ͷԶϻ죬˻ֵϻ죬лˣȥһȦ´ټ˵Ҫȥϳǵ֪ͨһһȥʱ㵲ŻҰѻϳװա
ϻбһۣû˵ʲôĿʼϾƹϣˡ
Ͼƹʵʵ𺳡
һνĿϾƹϣϾƹ𣺡ǣϼһҾߡ
䣡
ͻȻ˵ܲԻֱӽ仰ϡ
·һŤһͷ޳˰㣬Ϣˡ
طѿˣ̫ϡڤתʥ͵ٴγ֣ĿⶼϾƹϣẮ⡣
ӣǴߣ
䣬˽ӡԻת۹һ޴̨
̨һ⻪Ұһɺ嫵ѹתۼΪһʵĹ֮Ӱ󱳸ʮ
Ӱ֣˾¶֮ɫԶŹӰ΢΢
һĻʹʧɫԱߵҲǲɵõۣС̫һģ
⡭˭
ԾĿʮӰôһӰȻû
Ҫ֪˿۷۰Ҳһ۷ۣÿ˶ֶͨΣȴȻĸԸĶһ˺ٻĹӰ
Ȼϻ죬һĻɵõۡ
ӡ
һƴͻأʮӰдںһ㡣
·Ϊ֮𶯣طֱӻһƬǡ
ʮӰˣĿϣֱӻû֮ӡץ졣
Ȼ˻Ѿ֪£֪ϣҶҲǷǳ⣬ֱӳ֣ǿƶȡ
ˣ
Ͼƹּ֣һӣƬƾն֣ʮӰѹĹ֮ӡķ顣
ô᣿
˼һĻǱɫ
֮ǰϾƹ˦ɣѾ֪ϾƹǳǿǲǶֲ֣㱻ϾƹߣԣǻӰ
ʮӰӽԵǶᵽҲʮӰУǶԴȻΣȴҲûа취ΪӱʮӰȡߣٱȱϾƹ콫Ӹ˵ĺãң⻹ΪʮӰϵһݳ񣬶Ҳкô
ֻǣʱû뵽£ϾƹȻֻһӼ䣬㽫ʮӰĹָ֮ķ飬ʵ̫ˣǿǺʮӰǿصĲ࣬ϾƹȻܹ£
߰Сӡ
ʱϾƹٴ𣬶ڻ˵ֺʮӰû˿ֱӴȥ硣
Щǣ˺ͻʮӰǡ
˺ʮӰܲ򵥣ܸղۿϾƹסʮӰĹȴЩģʮӰһַǳµĸо


1842 
ʮӰϢ̫ڿˣ컹δоǰϢңټлϴڴһԣԣѾϾƹǿĺܣȴ̲סЩġ
ϾƹȻĳʱʲô⣬ȥɡ
˶٣ͷϾƹֺϻԼС̫һֱӿŻڡ
Ͼƹɫȥ磬£ȻЩģȴǸϾƹʮĹӰвϾƹ
룡
ĮʮӰͨⷭӿʵһߴĺڼӣޱĮޱȣʮһֱдƬ⳯ĻŻѹȥ
񣬻ŻδպϣҪƻͨŻѹס죬ȡӡ
ϾƹתûƬâƾն֣ӭűʮĺڼȥ
͵ģתۼ䣬ڼѹŻȫķ飬ɢ
ͬʱͨŻ͵һɢֱʧӰ١
ʮâϾƹ벻²Ҳˡһ˵ţһ߳ϾƹȥϢͬɽ鱩㣬Ҳ֪֮ǰǿ˶ٱɱ㣬ȡӡ
ʮϢ
Ͼƹûж˵ʲôֻ̧֣һָ
ݵһһָɳٶȿ쵽㣬תۼԺڼؿڴ
ڼݺһĿƵûɿ콵ͣ㡭
Ͼƹ¶𺳣ͬʱɫúѿһֱ̣ӱ飬ɢ
һĻתʥ͵ȫɫʥʹ
ʮĺڼжֲǺȻǻֻǺڼһ꣬൱ֻһ߻۷ʵİٷ֮һȴɺֲܿԶǿɱȣȻȴȻһָͱϾƹˡ
һ̣¿Ͼƹ϶¶˾㤣̫ˣֶͨ죬ǻĺڼı廹Ҫǿ
ˣ
ͳĵֱӷɶݣһҲͣգ۾޾ԶʧԶ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳһɶݡ
ʱ򣬼ʵǷˣҲû뵽ͻȻֵϾƹô¡
Ͼƹվԭأû˶ʧĿһߵϻϣ˶٣ڵ
ϻԭΪϾƹʵôֺϵľɫʱǰδеŨҡ
ĸϲģ
Ͼƹ˫۶ɵһ
޾ǰĵţؼ䣬֪Ҳûмˣǰ˾Ȼ֪
Ͼƹû˵ʲôϻ쵭Ц£뿪ǰķдº֮⣬ͬʱҲޱȡ
һ̣Ӱ鵭Ϣʧԭأ·ûгֹһ㡣
ϻֱۣϾƹ뿪ĵطֿ뿪ĵطС߳ǸŮ⣬ôʦü¿Ͼƹʧĵطˣǡ

ҰһƬڣС̫ͨŻдС
һۣһʱȥ
һʱһ̣ǰͻȻֳһƹһɴӿֱ֣ӽһ޸޿ռ䣬²ȵʵʵϡ
ȥΡĴɽһһÿһɽ϶гƬĹֲ꣬н֯ŨŨϢͻϢ
ǻ磿
ķ
Ȼˡ

еĻϢ̫ˣͻܷϣΪҪǣϾƹ򿪵Ż͵ȻϾƹԴ򿪵Ż͵ôͱȻֻǻңܻκ
ͷܣĿϣ˵СӣǱ̬ʦԽԽˣǼϴڣǰȻһ㷴ûУǸʮӰԱȻ˸ǿǣȴκβǱ̬ʦǱ̬ʦǴﵽʲôˣ
֪ҡͷȴǽ֯žâǳǿˣ
Լʦǿ׾ٵľѹĻ͵ǵȹϵĴ̧ͷȻǸˣоǳԺ
үȻ֪ǿ˼ǣǱ̬ʦòѾ߳۾˰ɣбʮˣ᲻Ҳ۲ΣϾѾǴ۲۷սˣǱ̬ʦʮӰȴԱȻǿ󣬶ңٲȻѾǲϵĴˣ
ŵУǱʮ˵ʲôȥǺͻһģиµӴ


ʮ 


1843 ʥԴ
һ⣬еľɡ
Щ⣬Ҳһ⡣
ǱʮǷѾ۾Σ˵ͻ̫ϵһһ㣬ǿȷǼ󣬵ǻĸǿ

ٻʮӰʱԶԶԷ𾴣˵Էڻ˶ԣһĴڣ̫Ϻ͵˲ͬ壬ˣԿ϶ȷʵŸΪӴš
ʲô
ʵ
֪Ψһ֪ǣ̫ϵǳĿֲ
ͷǱʮ˴ڣǼȻǺֲܿ˵ţ뵽Ͼƹ̲סֵǱ̬ʦҲһǳֲ
ϾƹֻϢѹ˻ˣԲǱʮĿ´ڣͲɵøоЩŹȥãϾƹѾǿȳ̶ȣֱ֪˵ʲôˣ롰콾ޱϡ
䣡
ͻȻƬĴһӿȵ۷ۼѹ֣ϾдԵĺ⡣
һʱ䣬Ĳ񷶼ɵΪ֮ҡ·һ̾Ҫ˰㡣

ңңĿƬĵشһƾâһû
ĵشǸϼһˣϢĲᣬ㻽ǿֲʮӰҲûܹκεǸ̬ʦ
˵ţ죬̲ס˷ۣ˵֮ǰΪʲôǱ̬ʦֱǣǵԼȥɱһ
쿴һۣƽԼѹ뿿Լնɱǡ
¡¡ģǳ󣬱ĴĻѹøӿӴϢ֣綼Ϊ֮ˡ
ˣϼһ֪㵽Ƭ磬һ磬ѹ

ԴˣȻҲܲµû˿仯Ϊһϵ¡
ӽƬ磬һ֪Ƭ磬ǾȻҪ֣ΪƬԷȻ׷Ѱ
ߣҶȥ
С̫
ʲô
ʵ
ԱߣС̫Ҳ
ʥԴ

ʥԴسʱĻ۶ɵһֱ쾧һ㣬֮󣬿÷ʿ壬۶ۺ죬һ֣Իǿߴͷ­ȥᡣ
õӣҪ֮ҪõⶫϾƹ֪ϢʥԴֻƬȻγɵԭʼѰ
кС̫뿪طٶȶܿ죬ʼѰʥԴ
һΣг˺Զ
ʱļǰʮӰǰɫף⽻֯Ϣÿһ񼶱Ϊǳǿᡣ
ʿ
ۡ
ͬʱʮʿȻҲ졢С̫һ٣ȫ˹
ҵˣ
ѹǣ
ʮʿȻѾ֪죬ʱһɱȫ
һʱ䣬ʮ
ıûʲô仯ֱӶ֣һѹ£ȫ֡
͵ģʮ˼⵱Ǳ˸飬󣬰ѹ£ʹʮһһըһһֻʣһˡ
㣬㡭
˿־壬û뵽쾹Ȼֲһʱ䣬ɵˡ
ûʲôϻڰ벽񾳣ҪɱһȺ̫ͨˣնûʲôʱˣֱһûԷʶ
·ʱѰһǿߵʶԻ˽⣬ȴ˽ĲǷǳϸ磬ҪƬѰһʥԴʱҪӳ׸͸˽磬ˣʶһѰƬ£ѰйڻʥԴһЩϢ
תۣʱȥ˵ʶ˳һƽ֮ĵķ顣
в鵽ǻʥԴʲô𣿡
ʵ
ûСҡͷʶвûйڻʥԴϢѾƬͨʿ֪ĶȫѰȻҲ֪һ£ʿ׷Ѱң֣ˡ
ɶ˼
ۣһɲõĸо
˵ǱƬˣû۷ۼΪͻƳȥ
ǲǣڳ֮ȫڱ˵ƿˣһȫյĵطץǣôȥǺܿˣ
ۡ
ûôءúܣҪҪôĴѰǣԻֶҲûô򵥾Ҳ׷ѰˣֻҪСһ㣬Σڡ
䣡
ͻȻǿܸ֣Ļн֯Ũѹɿĳط
쵱ݣɱˣȻѾǷǡ


1844 ϵĽ
ѹ֯Զնٶȿ켫
ߣ
ɫأǸۣкС̫һߡ
һʵǿ߼ĲȴЩ޴󣬲ǿߵĶ֣ȼǿȻȥ⣬ֻ˱ܡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
һٶȺܿ죬ת۱ǿȥԶ
ѹȴԽԽܿ죬һ֡
Ӳˣ
⻷˿˿ƵĻ⣬Ȼһǿߡ
һһ˵ľתۼ١
ͬʱ֣̽ѹһˡ
Ϣʮ
һȻǸо˾޴ѹҴ⣬һ߼ٷɶݣһȫͨȥ
ȻΪ˵ֵֻ֮꣬ԷĹҸŶԷ׷
䣡
һ޵תۺ̽Ĵײһֱӱˡ
̽Ĵֱ𿪣һ޵ͨȫ顣
ߣϣٶȱøЩ
һ޲˿⣬ٷɶݡ
ֻǣǵٶվȲǿߣûñǱԷ׷ǰ
ϣڱ룡
Ϣ֯һƬƬɳɨһޡ
˲ѣƬ⾶ֱ졢С̫ɵһ
Ͼǿ߻ӳɱ⣬ʮնסˡ
ֱӳֻͼС̫ҲȫʩΪӭ⡣
תۣǼͨЩɱײһ𣬺Ȼը鿪
飡
飡
飡
촫һȫĺɣѪ
ȫסΪ̫ˣ
ɫޱء
С̫ѽĽҲǽ䱸Ķꡣ
Ѫˣ
һεײ£ǶˣܱյĿռȴҲ»ָ
кС̫ٴԶȥ
ûбİ취ǿߣֻˣֻ˲
ߣ˵Ӷ˿Ҳ⣬ǿߣ񣬻ܴƤӵѣ
һʱ䣬졢С̫Ӷǰ׷ں˫ľǲ궯֣⽻֯⣬ܺˡ
졢С̫ԼǿֵܵȴȫסǿߵĹתۼ˲ˡ
һ޽ûͣ٣һԸԵ޸壬һ߼ɶݡ
תۼ䣬һʱʱȥ
ʱǰһɫѷ죬һƵڹⷭӿѷ⣬ɢһɷǳ˵Ϣ·Խһжɵ㡣
쵱ݣкС̫ͣ£ѷһֺΣյĸо
ͬʱ׷ɫѷ󣬵Ҳͣ
ǣ
ͫһ˵ɫԱˡ
쿴ŶԷͣ£ûм׷ٲȻ˶Էɫѷܼɵ
ʲô
ʵ
ԷȻɫѷмɵǾ֪ɫѷʲô
ߣش죬ۺɫѷ죬ٴ졣
ͽˣ·ӣ
죬һǰȥдŽ䱸;衣
ȻȽ䱸;ȻΪ죬Ϊǰɫѷ졣
쿴ǰĺɫѷ죬ֿ꣺ⶫ
ûлش𣬼죬ɴŽ䱸;裬ĹУʱעɫѷ졣
ˡ
˵
˵⻰꣬кС̫źɫѷȥ
СӣҪȥүоȫΣգ
ۡ
ɫѷǰɢϢЩˣɵ÷
Σգȥ˿ܾһȥת۾ͻᱻѹ󣬽ֻ
ɨ꣬
̲סۣðɡ
񣬻ôǺɫѷȥֻбѹɱ
һʱ򣬿ǰɫѷ죬ǵǰѵѡ
£С̫죬һźɫѷпȥ
ɫѷ޴󣬷·һͷſѪڣ˵ĸоȻ
ɫһ䣬һϵĽأ۶кüУǾ磬ͣ£
Ȼڵ˵İΣΪһҪѹػʥˣһĿɫѷ죬ǿɾˣһԴֱʧܣԶ޷ɣǻɼӰ졣


1845 ·
Ļ̲סЦ
ҽȥпܻǱץס󣬾Ͳ
ͷҲصɫѷ硣
С̫ԱߣҲźɫѷڿȥ
񣬰ǰ·ֻôһûõѡˡ
ǲɫѷ죬ֻеűѹ󣬱ɱ
ѹǻ治Σʮĺɫѷȥ
ϣͣ£
ȵЩżɫǳȴٿɫѷ죬Ϊ֪ɫѷжôֲԹҲ֪ǻǿߣе飬ûһ߳һ侴Զ֮
ҡ
ٴ䣬Сֱ̫ɫѷ졣
ɫøͬʱǳŭ
һҪѹأ죬һ·׷ȴǱǿµĺɫѷڣһԴʧˡ
֪ߵغĳӣ
дźŭ⣬ֱӵͷߣý¸֪ʥȥ

С̫ɫѷڣһƬڣʲôҲ
ڣʶܵѹƣ޷ʹãȻۣҲûаЧ͸Ƭڰ
Ун֯ŵϢѹ֣һԺĸо
ңȫûκηУȻ˳ȥҲ·
浽ʲôڡ
Щëʱ򿴲ܱߣȴ̲סµĹ
֪
ҡͷ澿ʲôڣ֪ȥ
֪ģֻ֮ǰĻǻϵĽأۼǿС
ǣô죿
ʵ
ԱߣС̫Ҳǿ졣
Ȼܰʶѹˣǿĺܽ໥仹ܿġ
룬ǰ߰ɡ
ʱ򣬺˵·Ѿûˣ޷˳ɫѷķΧȴҲһֱԭվţϾԭվʲôҲˣûκһ˿塣
£кС̫ǰȥ
հͣ
հͣ
հͣ
ɫѷһƬڣʮּžУĽŲڿС
תۣС̫гȥŰԶ
ʱڰĿռ佻֯Ϣøѹ֡
һ̣һѪɫкֱŰңһѪɫǵķΧڣһɴǳĶȥ
쵱ɫ𶯰벽񼶵ܣһڴȥ
ͬʱС̫ȻҲǶݣǼͨƶ
ⷽѪɫУһַǳΣյĸо
¡¡ģɴӿһȫʩΪȻȴһҲûУѪɫϵʵ̫ǿˣ벽ΪҲѲ˷ֺֻżġ
ת۶ѣǳģ漴ֱӱѪɫиû
ֻоͷ­ڴ޴ѣУʲôҲ·Ҫʡ
ȥѣб΢ܵĿռˣ²ȵʵʵϣۿȥܱЩ谵ΪһǳǵĿռ䣬һ·ͨǿռʲôҲô·֮ϡ
ʹһںɫѷڱѪɫûȻһ·ϣң·ȥЩŹ֣ͨͨ
һַǳìܺ͹ĸо֪ô£ʱվ·ϣĸо
ա
ա
Աߣ𶯵С̫ų򣬳·ͷȥ
ߵʱȫãˣһ̣ǵӿ£ӰڷɳҲһƬãԹԵĳ·ͷȥ·ܵʲôٻһ㡣
쵱ɫʲô
ȻС̫ʱȫʧȥңӦ룬ãĳȥ
üȻҲЩ죬ܣתһԼǿʮռ֣ߵͬʱһСΧڡ
ٳ֣Իϣǿнߵڡ
һ˲䣬С̫һ壬
@#
ֱӺݺݵĶ˼£ۼ׶
ԱߣС̫ҲǻëĴ۾ɵĹԲֱֱĵ·һļµģ
쿴ߣüʵôˣղô£
գղš£·ֻ֪ͻȻиԺƮүȥȥȥֻء


1846 ʬ
Ļ˲䶯ݡ
ȻԺȥֻأ
㲻ǿЦɣ
ͫ׶ɵһ
ؼԹСֻءһ˵겻𣬻СֻءΪ
ȡֻǺͨġתͬȻ߶ǻữµǣתƿصģתԴϲκεı仯ʲô壬תһҲʲô壬ָԼʲôı仯
ֻȴǲһֻԴ᳹ױ仯ļҲԶΪҪǣֻǰԭˣֻغܻữȣȫ޷Լȥա
˵һֻأ͵ʧˣΪֻغǲԴҲ仯ȫһˡ
ȷȥֻأ
ٴʵ
ֻأؼ֪ͨķ˶֪һЩǵȶϾ̫ˣûȥȴ룬ͻȻôһ·ϣȻĻԺ֮ȥֻء
Ȼȷм٣үЦ
ѽҲˡ
Сһʱ򿪿ڵ
ͫһ⣬ֻء
̧ͷ·üͷɵ
·ȥֻأ
˵ʱֿڣ֮ǰүȫȻԼƣȴǵһЩ£㲢ûܵʲôӰ죿
ͷ֮ǰС̫壬ãͣãȻĳŹ·ͷȥ·ܵʲôٻһ㣬ǣȴȷûκβʣûκιȥֻص
ʲôԭΪʲô㲻Ӱ죬ѵΪΪҺСһǿһЩ
ЩŹ֡
֪
ü

ͻȻ΢֪ʲôطƮ
·࣬кһɫӰ߳ԵЩ鵭֮࣬ͬǰС̫ǰ㣬һƬãͣӻпϹ·еĳŹ·ͷȥ
꣡
춯ݡ
һǿʿȻһ۾ͿЩӰꡣ
ңǺܴꡣ
ڳ·ͷȥ⡭ǰҪȥֻأ
֮ǰԺͻأȥֻأĪ壬Ź·ͷȥʱЩȫ·ͷȥȻȻ뵽ֻء
˶٣ȥ
⻰ɵһ£ȥСӣүܾҪǰߣЩ̤·֪ܲȥֻˣʱɾ͸ûʲôˣү﷢ë
бΪڳ·ǰУǻѡ񣿡
ûп˵·ֲһֱͣԭأֻǰ
ͬʱ̤·С̫֮ǰ壬ȥֻأʱôͻأ֣Ź·ͷȥȻ⡣
ңҪ뿪·ѰҳȥķҲֻ·ȥ
ΪԭشţԲҵȥ·
ſڣ¶һͷɥı飬ȻҲ뵽뵽һЩ£ȥֻܳ·ͷȥ
߰ɡ
ɥٲȻһҪȥŹصģ
ǵϢֲҪˡ
ɨһۣкС̫һŲ·ͷȥ
·ϣԵúܽͽ䱸Ͼ·ʵЩ졣
ǰУߣваɫĻе·ϣһͬٶȳŹ·ͷȥ
һУûȥЩ壬Ϊ·̫أЩ·ϣȥһ£֪ᷢʲôСġ
תۣ·ȥһʱȥ
ʱǰһʬ壬ΪһߴӣϴźɫսףϿӡϵķģֱ񶼻ĥ𣬱ĺá
ңʬܣеѹƣһ޶ɵ΢ۣѹЩܡ
塣
ͣ½Ųһ
սϵķǻеķģϵóῴǻǿߣңǰΪһʡ
ۣ֮ǰǸ˵һԹвǿ߱ɫѷУûһ߳治ٰӦþǵɫѷеĻǿеһˡʬŵʬĺãѵүС̫һкĪ壬ȥֻˣ
ü·ͷǲȥֻ˲һԿ϶Ӧȷʵ֮ǰһĪ壬·


1847 ֻ·
·̫ڹ죬쿴·ǰʬֿ
߰ɡ
С̫
Ҫ뿪·ֻߣѰ뿪·
£һ޼ȥ
·ߣУԽԽĻãȻһŹ·ȥ
󣬽ģԽԽȥ·Ⱥֲֳʬ壬ʬĺãȴûˣ󣬵йһξ룬ǷһۼʬϢѹЩ嶼·Ҫѹһ㡣
ⲢҪģΪҪǣʬԱϵ׭壬ٲȻǰһ˲ӡ£ۼϡֻ·
⡭
֣һ޶ǲɵöһ¡
ĵطǡֻ·
Цİɣֻ·ǡֻ·ˣ
ѵ˿Һ
ֻ·ôΣյĵطȵطȣֱǹҼһ
Ҳݣһ˲˲Ŀǰµ֣Թ·ߵĻвӿֵЩ壬ĿС̫ϡ
ǣһʼȥֻأ
ôʵ
طġֻ·֣ļҲЩˡ
ǸսУС̫ȥֻأĪ峯·ͷȥ󣬹·Ļڹ·ϣһۼʬԱֿӡ¡ֻ·֣ȻǶԷǰһ̶·ֽ֪ϣвɵһ⡭ֻ·
ǣǴĵﲻԸֻ·ȥһָߴϵĸоû˿ĸߴϸУеֻǾ㤸С
ֻ̤·һ·ֻء
ǹ
ֻأǿɾͳ׵ˣûʲô
Ȼ֪ʲôɥǶ˵ƭ˼
ҲԸֻ·ǣǰֽݲš
浥С̫ʱҲɵЩˣʹӡ
ֻ·ʵڲһõطǶԣȫһľء
һʱ䣬һ޶Щסˡ
κһع
ֻ֮֮·Ҳһһߣҳ·뿪
һ
߰߰߰ɡ
Դ
һʼͲ·ȥ񿴵ֻ·Աߵֺ󣬾͸ȥˣԺֻȥˡ
Ҳ뿪طҲֻмȥ򣬾ֻһֱͣ·ϡ
·ߵĻǣ֮ǰһ£޷룬粻ȥ
ߡ

ͬʱ֣ɵĽʬ뵽С
С̫Ѿﵽ񾳣ʥѾ𲻵ʲôˣ޷ǰѪ⾫ǽʬΪһۼʬһڴɱֻҪ뿪·УʼǿߣҲܼ򵥺ɱ
֮С̫·һʱȥ
ºһ죬ǰĹ·ϽɫʩʩȻƮڿУ΢һ˿һϡ
С̫һۼëԲɵõˡ
ôˣ
ü
ҲմȾЩȴûκβʣС̫ȴķӦ
û£
ۼ׵ţһ㤵ģ˵⻰ʱסķ
ԱߣС̫ĴһҲԴ۾
û¡ҡͷüʵأղŷô£
С̫ķӦ߱ǰմȾϺǷ˲õ¡
һĹ죬Ƕ¡
үļ䱻һЩ
˵
ղţЩɫմȾһЩ˲оԼļûҪһǰ㣬ٺˣЩɫ֣ԼļʧһЩҲ޷ٻ
ѽ
С̫ĵЩëĸоȻһģһ
ʹ쵱ݣƫͷ·ǰЩ
Щ䣿
ǣղΪʲôû£
ۿ죬Сӣֻ·֮ǰүСһԺжȥֻصĹĪȥȴӰ졣󣬱ЩմȾϣүСһļ䶼һЩҲһӰ졣죬⡭᲻ֻйأ


1848 ֻ·ͷ
죬ЩɫͬʱҲЩ졣
С̫Ҳһ˫۾졣
طųֻ·ۼǿ֤ʵУۼǿ߶ҪܵӰ죬Կ⣬ӽﵽڣȴһӰҲûܵ챾Ϊֻ壬߶һֻءݲǲһЩ뷨
üͷ΢壬£Ҳ˵
ǰ·ϵһư˶ٺ뵽һע⣺Ǿһԡ
˵ţ΢һֻرԴ֡
ٿȥǷ񻹻ʧ

һֻرԴ֣ٿǰЩǼʧô˵·Ӱûйϵ
֮һΣЩ䲻ʧǾȷ·Ӱ죬ȷʵйء
Ȼ֪ʲô⣡
£ûԥֻرԴ£СĽĿЩ
ܿ죬ǰմȾһЩ
Ӱ죡

һΣ·ǰһưմȾļȴû֮ͬǰǰʧҲûĲʸС
춯ݣּһֻرԴ⣬С̫֣СһҲȥԡ
С̫ӦֻرԴ֣һֱӳУһ⶯̫ˣһͻȻʲôʿô졣
һ̣С̫ڰд涶ųطɣѽûء
һΣ¶ݡ
Ȼйأۿ죺ֻ壬Ȼͬǰ㣬ĺֻйϵ
ֻءȶ̫ˣ͹żԣǿɴصϵȻתĸԴڣûκܳԽֻء
һֱΪֻʵ֮ԡֻءֻǹ˽áֻءֻԵ˫ѹһѪûȥֻʹ˵еֻйء
ˣԾˣʾȻĺֻ͡ءйأ
Щˣ
ԼҲԾԼҲûʻֻ͡ءйϵ
ߣ岻ϵĿŹ·Уڣ·ͷ
쿴ǰֱʮعһȥԼʵ⡣
ҵ뿪ط·ǹؼ
߰ɡ
кС̫
ԭǰС̫һͻᱻ䣬ֻرԴ⻤壬߲ܵӰ죬Ⱥ̤ڣ·ͷ
Ũвٻһ޸Щ󣬺ܿгȥԶ
һۣȥ
һ죬·ͻȻˣǰһ޴Ԩڹã
һڻеһãһƬȺͶԨ֮ڣһʧ
оǵĻˣʧˡԨ£ɵ˿Һǡȥֻ˰ɣ
Ҳڿ·ͫ΢
ЩͶУ˲䲻ȫʧˣĺȥֻˡ
̧ͷܣ·طֻһԨʣû·ˡ
ܣҲû·
ȻҲһ㣺ȫû·ߣҪôȥ
С̫Ĺ棬ʱʱƫͷܣպ
ʱĿջأһһĻԨʧĿһ˲˲Ķ·Ԩ
ֻдˡ
Ԩµ
ɶһò룬طȥ뿪ɣ
ԡ
ͷ
Ӳûɳôﶼֻصյ㣬ȥпܾȥֻˣ
û·ѡˣҪ뿪ֻдԡ

Ż䣬˵һֻͼ󸡳ʩʩȻѡ񣬵ԡ
Ȼҵʺֻйأô򣬻Ը·ԨЩã󣬻ص֮ǰ硣
˵
ԣ΢ôȥƺе
ȷ
ʵ
ȷֱѡ
֣ΪͻȻأû뵽ֱֻ
ȷҲԣɲģһʧܣǿɾͶˡ

бظ֮ǰĻû취ˡ
˵ţС̫䵽ͷһֻͼŹ⣬Ҳ֣ԡ
漴ԨԵȥ
С㡭׶ҡһңû·ҲûʲôҪ£żȥ
С̫ſڼͷֻͼ֣С̫ԨԵҪԨɰŵĲᣬ˵Щˡ


1849 ֻ
ĶŵĲᡣ
бǵϢȻֱֻҲɻܹɹ¸ʲô
ҲĳɵĻʻʧܰҪʧˣǿɾʲôûˣ
е
Ҳû취ֻ·ˡ
컹ôһ仰ӿԨԵˣĿһֱԨ¡
Ԩ£ʱ˵ʱȻɣʵȴǳţϾĻȥһֱˣǿɾʲôûˣȥֻأԼǳ׺
ֻǣޱȽţȴԼֱ
ͬʱҲ˵Ļûб·ˣҪֻ·뿪صֻдԨȥ·Ѱ·
Ԩ£һֳǰһ
СӣҪȥֻˣүҲŹ㣡
ˡ
ĵҪֻˣ㻹ƨĹŹң浽Ǹʱ㶼ȫǵˡ
@#
Ϣ㣬Сһﶼ£ģ¸ʲôӶ𣿡

%#@
бһۣú˵ʲôԨ£ޱ֣ء
漴һֻͼԼС̫һֱӴԨԾ¡
ҪҪҪˣ
̲סС
ıһƬأȥĬĬϣԼֱûд
һ˲䣬Сֱ̫ûԨµãУֱû
̼䣬¡¡ģһãӿӿŶ
Щӿ·һεĴ꣬Ҫ֮
ңȴʱԽԽԽԽˣ·Ҫ塣
С̫ҲͬĸоǴ
ˣҪǿүȥֻذСү
С
ɫҲǱɫЩÿֱˣֻͼ޷ȹ
ˣ
ͻȻ΢𣬱Դ𶯣һʱڣӺ嫡ʥϡ
漴ֻͼһƬƬԡ
һ̣ʱȶٷ֮ǰϵǵ˲Ϣʧ
ʹǰһֱûд
ֻͼȻЩ
ûûˣСӣ԰
þϲһ㣬ʱϵǵȾ޴Ҳʧˡ
С̫ĽҲһ
ˣ
ֻͼâ˸֮ƣС̫ʩʩȻĳⷽԨȥ
ܣһ岻ϴԨ£׹ЩãУһһʧ
һȥ󣬽ģҰǱúڰ
ƿֻͼڽúڰҰȻţη塣
ֻͼǵãѾȷǲܵԨӰ졣
ֻͼ֯΢⣬С̫䡣
ܣԽԽڰ
ͻȻһʶķڣһģĻͻأĸ֡
޾Ļ֮УãʣӰ֣ƺһŮݣһڶ֣ǳƣâ壬޾ãǿ޾Ļ鿪һ޴ѷ죬޾ħ˻
쵱ɫ䣬ݺһ޾ĻǺãֻ·Ļ޴ѷ죬ٲȻǻѷ졣
ѷ죬ȻΪģ
ˣֻأ
ৣ
һ΢ʶеĻͻأʧһ̣ĺڰ֮
󣬲֪˶ãڰдԻ
ֻͼͷҰù
ȥǰɽһһռЩ谵鲼ͻ
Ȼǻ硣
ǳˡ
ѽ
һļµĽ£׹䵽ϡ
ͬʱС̫ҲѽѽĽţɴۡ
СӣǣǣֵĻûУֲˣǡУˡֻأ
ѽѽ
С̫ۣĽţëȫ
춯ݣҲˣ
Ѿֻ·˻ʱһʱȴȫȥˣ֮ǰԺгֵĻˡ
ֻذȻϵɴصĸԴڣԽһУǣ˽ֻشһѷ졣
ǺεȺˣ𣿣
Ȼˣңүǡأ
סķɵǺ
С̫Ҳڶ£ѽáÿ£
СһȫǵȻŵˡ


1850 ӻ
ֻؾȻ˴Ƴһѷ죬ʵЩˣһ޶סˡ
£˵ȥ˭ţ
£һ޶
ֱȥʮһ޲ǻع
治֪Ǹ˭ֱǡ
һ¡
ֻضܴƣѾԡֲˣٲȻѾˡ
Ҳ𺳣漴ҡͷˣ
Ȼ㤣վûʲôϵ֪˭Ҳȥ룬ûʲôӰ졣
ʱܣһܴɽʣ⻷ƣȻԶֻع·
˵ڣֻ壬޵󣬸òƿֻذɣ
ֻܴ߳ȫΪֻʣĻꡣ
ʱ죬ʵ⣬ֻܱصӰ죬ɵ뷨
ˣԲܣƿصһ˿ֻˡֻǴصĸԴڣƿֻأؾˣҪ˭˭˭˭
үҲô룬治ƿأҲ˭ƿء
ǳϿĿƿֻأؾԻҡ
С̫ҲĿڣĿ
ʱλȻڻȴ֮ǰֻشѷ츽
ǽʲôȥ
ʵ
ѰһʥԴ쿪ڣ𣬽֯տտâЦ⣬һݴ
ʲô񣿡
ɻ
С̫ҲǺ棬졣
ۣϲȥֻ·һˡ
ɶ
ȼۡ
ȥֻ·һˣ
죺òǡҪŻٴһֻشѷɣ
С̫Ҳµһ㣬Ҳǵۡ
ͷ
˫۵ɵĸ󣺡㿪ЦİɣΣյĺܣ㻹Ҫȥŵðɣֻܱ·Ӱ죬Ҫô룿ϲģͻѹӣƨ
ƽҲǴ˾߻ʬ𣬲Ҳ֪ǻĴ˵УһЩҩɢȥʥҵѷ췢˳һõԿ۾Σ˵᲻Ķ
ŵȻһɵѷ죬ΪΣգȻҳˣԿɸ֪֪뿪ͬʱҲܻɻΪʲôҷǳȴûдһǵҪ۲ȡҼǵãϻһۣãȫֻ·ȥ
⻰۾ɵĸԲĴ˸ӻ
С̫ҲǵŴ۾һģ
ȥ©֪ǴѷгԿ۲Σֱ̫Ķˣ˭öݣ֪ѷǳΣգҲһ̲סȥ
ֻҪŻֻ̤·ǾȫˣΪֻʸֻ·Ӱ죬˽УʻۣͳͳᱻѹƣñȥֻصĽ֣
߰ɣ֮ǰҪײǾʬϢ

Ҫֻ·ĻʬȥӻȻó˽ʬʲôˣ£򣬼п⡣
£кС̫ԶȥһĴɽУǱط
һۣչȥʿﾭԴ񾳽磬ֱӶֱ֣ӽѹ̯˵ʶѰֻ·ǾۼʬϢֱȥʱǽԴ˵ʶջأָ⣬һĨɱ
ô鵽ˣ
ʵ
鵽ˡ
ͷ
ֻ·дʬΪһۣȴȻڻкպ弸֪Ϊ߱Ԫһ廤
ͬʱʥʲôطҲһʶе֪
䣬ֱӽɵлһʬ
ʬһۼѹƶС̫ЩܣϾǵΪۻԶȻԷˣȻۼϢǶҲǷǳˡ
ʬһԼڿҴһֻرԴס꣬һû뵽ʬ֮ڡ
ʬڣѪҺɴڣڣȥʮǿӦԦʬվʹõʬ˫ȡһЩҩʹʬԻϢ
ٲȻһŵˣ
ۡ


1851 
ʬɢϢҩô֮Ĵֻ·дʬɢϢȻȻ֯ۼϢٲȻѾͻŵûʲôͬˣΨһǣûǰߡ
ѹͨĳ۶Ҫϲ٣һ㣬ɰɣ
ʵ
ᡣΪϾǴǾд˺صˣѹսˣһŻɻ󡣡
˵ţԦɵԼУС̫ǾƬһεĵطҳ֮ǰҲҪȥ
Уġ
ͷ
С̫ҲӦ
ͷС̫ҪСģ漴ԦʬԶ
ʬڣʬڱвܣٶȱǷǳ죬һǱգһԶ
֮Ⱥ˺գʱһޱȺ嫵ǰ
ȥռɣ֯ŷǳŨϢҲ֪˶Զ£Ȼǻʥأʥǡ
ԦʬƵûʥһسŵĻǿ߶ݣʧɫ
һ̣ԦʬʱЩһδ󾪡
ǣһ𻤷š߱Ԫˣ
ûǣ
λˣǾ˵ϵĽ𣿾Ȼţ
Щ˴󾪡
ΪһۼǿߣʷȻŨļء
ȻЩʿۣЩ˵ľɫȴûκ⣬ûκͣԦۼʬֱտʥ֮ڡ
ԦʬǻĹۣݣҪͣȥкЩͨʿǼֱǲֱӳѡ
Ԧʬʥǣѹתʥ𶯡
߱Ԫˣ
ûû
ʥڣһڻʿ𺳡
Щȫû⣬ЩʿҲûдֱӳʥĶȥܿĴһǰȻǻĻʥ
ͻۣ
Ԧʬֱƿ롣
ͬʱӹŵɢӰ˲ǰΪ׵һˣȻǻ
߱Ԫ
Ԧʬݡ
ͬʱĸ绤Ҳݡ
Ǹоʥ⣬߳뾹ȻԼһʷѾŵˡ

ʬڣıĺļ߱Ԫһģһһӣ첽ǰ΢΢
дžâҲоɫ㡭û£ǰΪһʮǰѷڣѷǾԵأһ룬ԻȻ˾³ǰ
û£¾գ˳ԦۼʬڣŻһı飺УзһֳֻҪȡϻܹ۾Σǣǻһ
ԦΪ߱Ԫۼʬڣ֮ͬǰС̫˵ǰ㣬ԼǧմѷӳȻǵȳƾһ֮ȴ޷ҪۼǿߺС
ĥʮ꣬βҲ˽Ѱ˴ķԦۼʬŻֿһֿۣӼģϣϳλǽѷ죬һԽеǵȳȡʱԿԳѳۼΣʱ۷ʽıǣ
ݣѷڣпۼεĳ
ͬһʱ䣬һҲ󾪡
ɿ۲ε̫ˡ
۾Щ˶ԣջֱ̫ˣ
ȷ
ٴοڣ΢Ԧʬ
ȷϣһֵ·ڴУǳǾͷһԨ£¸źԶˣܹоֲ̺֮ȴȥȡԳһ˵޷ȡ
Ԧʬг˳Ǽ⣬һЩΪ档
ԣ󶯣Ũľâ
ѷڵʵʵ֪һЩбϵĴڸ֪Ԧʬ˵ݣ֪Ĺѷڵȫϡ
һ£ȫˡ
߳ķٴνַ߳
ʵ
ܣԿԣȻţԦʬ֣صͷ漴ֿڣ¶һ˿ɫм£´ʱһŹֵദУΪߣȴ֯мΪϢǳ嫣ǴһƬ硣


1852 ϻ˭
Ϊûţһദֻ·ϣҴͬ嫵ϢţȽѷѾ֪˿̣ȻȻȻܹõеġࡱָ˭ҲȻȻ֪ɢϢĶӡ
Ȼ⻰׶ݣͬʱĸ绤Ҳһ
㿴ˣûȥͺȣΪβ
ûڼ߱Ԫʬڣһϣ֪ˣҪ
öӣ

ʲôѧԺֵöӵ£ĸ߲㶼֪߱ԪȻҲ֪ʱ𾪵ı飺ǸˣȻȡöӣôܣ벽񣡡
˵ţִˣǶΪûйϵô˵Ǹ࣬򵥣˵ţһûڵı飺¾Ȼû뵽Ͽܻӣŵʱ򣬳¼ų֪ɿ۲εĳ£Ҳȥѹ
ɫǺܺÿҲ㡣˵ţʵѾˣ
ûãʱʬڣѷԵһЩƣٶȸϻʥ
оâһãֻӲ򵥣ȻʱǰţôӦûûȥѹȡӣȥȡǳ
⻰ʬڣһϲȴǷǳ֣ء
ǣϣ

һ죬Żͻۼǿߣһֻشѷǰ
ȥֻشѷڹƣ췢֣ƺ֮ǰСһЩ
ȻСĺ΢ĩԱΪȻܹĳ
ֻأ޸

ԱߣһҲڿѷ죬ܼɵ
ѷ޾ǰһ磬ڣ֪ǹһЩĿѷ죬ǳͳֻйأ
ʲô
һĸ۽Ծ
ҲǳԾȻǣδѷ죬ȴȻ֪ѷһЩ¡
⡭ֻйأѵֻڣһ绤ʻ⡭ôֵģ
ѷ쾹ȻֻйأȻҲòɫ
ϾֻؿɴصԴڣûκֻȡ
˴ֻط϶ͳȻ֪ٹֻѷ£ȴûж˵ʲôֻҪֻ֪йؾУҪȥԣûκκô
˵ţٴοڣļ߱ԪʬٴʵȷȥĻܴٴ뿪
Ϊ֪ѷֻйأԣܿ۲εĳʱǳš
Ͼֻвȳǳ
ǣҪѷУȷʵǷǳΣգԣٴȷǷĻܹаȻ߳
ԡȻ֪ѷֻйءľȣԿԣԼ֤
ͷãǽȥ
ʬڣŵͷԻϣȽȥ
ȿУȻǸһĴĽġ
ವһֱӿѷڡ
ԥĿ룬ҲûκλɣҲſ롣
漴ĸҲһС
һ˿УڰҰתۼкʣûֱֻ·ϡ
ֻ·ϣһƬǣһԻпŹ·ͷȥ
ֻѷڡ
΢
ͬʱĸҲǱ֣أޱȳԾһ
ҵѹ˺ܶ࣬ЩȣƺҪȥáȥֻء
Ҳǣ
Ҳһ
⡭
Ⱥ󿪿ڣɫ
ϾǴֻУԾ񣬹ס꣡
侲
ҲʱЦ
ʬڣЦŻˣ㵽ˡ
ʱ̬Ժ֮ǰһˣʹû˶Ǳһ䡣
߱ԪЦʲô
ʱ˲Ϣһɲĸо
߱Ԫҿɲǡ촫ʱҲˣʬڿŻЦϻ˭


1853 ֻ·ն
Ѿֻ·ϣ첻ʲôˡ
طҲñѹơ
ȫӰ졣
ԣʱȫҪɵʲô
㣡
ɫĸ绤ҲݣΪӵĹϵǶ֪죬
ҡ쵭Цô𣿾ϲ𣿡
ɫһ¾ͳޱѿ
洳˳ȥȻҵˣ
ʱҲ֪ǰһĻĻô£ǰֻѷ˳Ҫǡ
ôۼʬ壬ǡһȻúá
Ц
ɫøѿɱһʱӿ
ͬʱĸۼҲŭ
ǾȻˣ
ϣôĵӣ
һ˵ͺ
ҲóҲգǶʧ
쵭һЦû뵽ۼʬڣŹ·ͷٶȥ
ֻرԴԼҲʬеɵڣǸֻ·Ӱ졣
ɭ鲼⣬һǳȥۼⷭ
ûжѹ㣬ȡӣѻ꣬طȥ
п
Ѿ뵽֮ǰ˵ɿ۲εĳضǼ٣ڣȥķһѾˣ򣬲ܴȥָǽֻҪѹ죬޷뿪
ңѹԭҪȡӣҲһԶȡС
ವһٶȼ죬ת۱ǿȥԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ĸۼ־ŭҲɱȥ
¡¡Ϣӿ
ͷɨˣȻһЦ˿Ҳ⣬Ԧʬ·ͷȥ
ƽգҪ׷ɱѾǱˣƶԶȻȴû˿ɵΪֻ·Ϊֻ塣
棬κӰ죬սƽʱǿܶ࣬Ԧۼʬչֳȳ۵ս򶼻ܵѹƣ겻ȣҪֳȹʹ֮壬ǿ۷ҲֻܷӳȳǿһˣչֳȰ벽ۼв
ʱȴûֱͣ£Ǽ·ȥΪԽ·ȥֻع·ڻ˵ѹƱԽǿʹ˵սøӵ£ԣ͸ܹնɱ
ٶȺܿ죬һԶ
׷󣬸⣬ӿܣɱŨˡ
ֻǣУǵٶޣԦʬ򷴶ǿһǺľ룬ʼû
漴һۣʱʱȥ
һ̣һĸһ˲ãȻڵ𶯣Ī塣
ҪһЩϾǻ壬Ǵ۷۲Σûбãֻ忪ʼ
ס
ͺȡ
վۣת񷨣ܿʹǲٷȶ
ҲʱƿյԦۼʬ˻
·
ԦʬЯֻرԴֻ·ϣԽʬӳǿܣһαǳһ绤ǰֱӻȭݺѹ¡
˵һȭͷϣ֮ĿѪˮɿȥ
漴ܵһȭӰ죬˵ٴκݲһαãһ̣пһƬãŹ·ͷȥ
ط·ͷ֮ǰ˲٣ۼǿ߾Ѿȹˣܵһȭһ˲ⴴ겻ȣֱӱֻ·
ЦûκԥԦʬһǿȥֱ֣ʬڵһܺۼĳ¡
ۣ
һ죬Ԧʬӡ˵ϣֱӽ֮ĵķ顣
ģ
ŭ廤ŭͬʱҲĲ
ĸ绤۳ڣʵ£һ˾ôʧˣ걻ֱĵķ飬Ҳ䣬䡣
ɫѿ㣬Ķ죺࣡
ЦͻϻʲôԦۼʬϡ
Ҳһ·
˵
Ԧʬתۼֿ絽һǰ̧־һȭ
һûκ⣬绤УڿѪɣ֮ͬǰǸۼһ㣬屻ֻ·һƬ͡
һγƮԱߣ̽һƽ֮ĵķ顣


1854 Ȼ
ۺǿ󣬾ҪɱۣҲǳѣͬ߱ۼʵСȻûۼʵȴۼʬֻ·ϿԷӳۼʵң˱ѹƣ겻ȣһսֵƱȫߣҪɱҲȫѡ
࣡
ɭӾŭ
̶̵һ˲䣬壬ۻ䡣
նۻˣֻһ벽
ΪβӰ죡
ԦʬʵȻ촦ֻ·ϣȴǲһ˿һӰ졣
ͬʱۼҲǿһ㣬Ǿŭ
Ʒá
Ц
˵⻰Ķȴûʲôͣ٣Ԧʬˡ
ס꣬·ˣʱӲ

Ϊ۷ۼǿߣȻ֪λһξ뵽÷ǳȣȴȫӰ죬һطӦս죬Բһѡ
ۻȻҲõ£ǵͷٳ·ȥ
Ѿߵˣʲô
촫
ٶȺܿ죬һ޾Զʬȫ˳һ˵·£ʬڲӶȭ
໣

һص֣û˿׾ֱӾȫ
һʱ䣬һӰԻһͷӰ֯ƺƵѹˡ
ɫɭֱӳ𳬼ͨӭ
ͬһʱ䣬ۻҲͨһȹסԼꡣ
Ȼֻ·ϣ˶ѹƵĺս˺ܶ࣬ȴܺԦʬ⣬ۻûжٵĵֵ
䣡
˵ܶ֯һƬһƬԡ
Ԧʬԣ˲Ϣһۻǰ
ۻɫɿˡ
ֻǣѾڽǰ˺ֱһȭǻȭֱڶԷͷ­ϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽԵʬӶһȭ˵ͷ­ķ顣
ͬʱ걻ֻ·ϵһƬ͡
֣Ԧʬһѹ£͵һ˵ĵķ顣
ֻ·ϣɱ۶ô򵥡

˵ţƫͷһ绤ûаԥֱӱϡ
˵һ֣ȭٴμ
ӰͷӰһԻƺƵĺˡ
ϣҪ̫ˣ
һƬɭһһ𣬽֯⡣
ⷽһڻͷһʱ䣬Ʋɵ֮ǰǿ˲١
۷弶ĵ
춯ݡ
Ļ綦ͷ죬̹ǣֱӱϡ
ԭڶΪڶȻǿ󣬵ȴıԴйϵڶȻսǿֻ࣬·ȴҲƣǾǣøӲȣһСľͻᱻֻ·ꡣ
Ȼʱȴûбİ취ˣۿŻ绤һһɱȴԽԽǿо˴Σգֻܼɱ
䣡
綦һֻܵ·ѹƣԶ޷ﵽ۷ʱսˮ׼ȴҲԿˣٶ˺ܶ࣬תۿǰ
ɫ΢䣬ٺˡ
ջ˵ֻ·ϣԷ˵ս˶Էֻ·ϻᱻѹƵ̶ֳȣȴ˵ȶңʱĻ綦ԲһĵԳĶɣ̫ڿ£ô˿ֻ̾·žƵɵЩľ
˿Щľȴûмɵη壬Ϊֻ·
Ϊֻ壬طľս
ˣٶȺܿ죬һ޾Զ
ûκԥֱ׷ϣ˻綦øȣ޷ּ綦̫ʱ䣬άֵԽãֻ·϶ԽΣգԣ̵ʱڽѹֻѹ죬пܻ뿪
쿴Ż׷Ҳ֪Է˿ʲôЩ
֮Ҳ֪˶ʱ䣬ǰֻ·ϺֳһƵİ
׷ĻбֻۣرԴ壬ֱӳС
ƿػ綦ûκԥҲų롣
Ȼһ˲䣬嵱ɿˣ
һ˲䣬ļ˲ˣʧ˼࣬һЩͨطʹ÷ˡ
ȻԣζΣ
ЦԦʬתأٶȺܿ죬ת۳ڻǰ̧־һȭ


1855 ں޵Ļ
ˣ
һӶȭӰͷӰһԻ
ӰӰƣı䷽򣬳ڻųˡ
ȻȻҲͼŭѣֻ綦ӰͷӰ
䣡
ײ⣬ӰͷӰһʱ䱻ķ顣
ҲʱԦۼʬԼٳڻ󣬽ȭ߶ĸǿᣬݺһȭҳ
һȭȵڻ󱳣Ļֱ
ϣ
ĸȻûܵʵʵ˺ȴڷɿţøӲȡ
ŭХԦ綦壬ٴγȹ塣
˾ͱȥ
Ц
ֻ·ϵİ֮ǰļ䣬⽫Уôûȥ
УսֶԸӵǼ۷弶ĵҲκεв
ϣٴλӶȭʽ򵥶ֱ

ͺ𶯻綦죬ɫͽ꣬УļڲʧȥὥԼ˭ܴ󴴻Ҫֲ
ңУøӲȣƺʱпܻᱻ塣
ˣﻹҼУʱƴȫ졣
¡¡ģ綦𣬻ڣӿȣɱˡ
֮ǰЩˡ
쿪ڡ
ͬʱȭͷ䵽ǰˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
߶һɹɻĳ
ʬڣκݺ㱻ʬʹвɵ𺳣òͬ۷ĺֲֻܿ·ϣҴڲĹҲܡ
ԴˣҲɵø֣ʮ־񣬻﷭˴
䣡
䣡
䣡
һδεĶܲ𶯡
תۼ䣬ʱȥ

ŭʱޱȻңϢ࣬л˳
ȻȹʱҪﵽܵļˣ䱻˴룬ѾҪ塣
̤еһ˲俪ʼĽ־Ѿעˣֻ𡣡
Ц
ԦʬӶȭܿ綦һȭڻϡ
һɣѪĻøŨӻҡ
ûͣԷӦʱ䣬ٴαϡ
໣

ӶȭӰͷӰٴԻû
Ҫܣ״Ѿ⵽㣬Աܿ
һ̣ӰӰȻ֮û
һٴκɣøӲȣӵĻŨ
㲻ˣǿ֧š
쵭Į
ôʱ䣬ȻΪ壬۷۲ΣҲ֧ŲסˣΪֻ֮ڣǴԴڡ
ڣǿҲ
࣡ϣıӶ۾ˣʣֻƣ
ʱԼҪˣֻ·ѾƵ˾ȷŭֻںޣԼһ۷ۣȴȻһ벽񼶵ƭֻ·Ҫŵ
Ҳ
ŭ
һͻأǣͬһͣͬʱ綦ϵҲűû̼ǳһѺۣм˿ֲĻϢƵ
ѾŲסˣϾҪ壬ֻ·ʱѾ̣һ壬ˡ
ȻҪ꣬Ҫһ·һ̹ͻ綦
쵱ɫȻ˻ʲôһͷҲصԶݡ
һ۷ۼĻԻ٣һ۷弶ĵһԻ٣֮Ļ붼롣
ಣ
ٶȿ켫˲Զ
Ҳʱͻ綦һըĺ˹ֲ㡣
ٶȺܿ죬ѾȥԶԻٺĻ˸죬תۼϯǰ
쵱ɫΪʱȫ㲻ˣһ˾룬ֲҲ֪Ի³
һ̣˫۲ɵôԻٺĻ˾ǰ󣬾ͣӡ
æֺʮɣٴοǰֻԻٺĻ֮Ź·ǰȥɷΧ󣬱ǲټˣΧڡ
⡭죺ֻ·Ӱ죬ԻٺĻܸǵķΧֻң


1856 ֻعŷ
ۼǿԻ٣һ۷弶ĵһԱǵӿǺˣܸǵķΧֹңһ綼пֱܱӴݻٵ
Ȼ񣬻۷һԻ٣ķΧȴֻɷΧȫڴˣ뵽ԭ򣬱ֻֻ·Ӱ졣
ҡͷоߣԻٺΪһ·û뵽ȴΪֻ·Ӱ죬ķΧֻҡ
һ̣Ƕݣǰкһ˿ԣһöķԻ˳֯һ˿ϤϢ
ֻ
ɫ
öϵϢֻ·ϵϢΪơ
漴öĳ֣ԻٺĻⲨһƵ𶯣ǿʼһ̣Ȼ۳˫ۡ
ݣԻٺĻһֻ̡ˣ
ǰ۶ͬ𺳺𾪣ǰƮŵķλ˵µĹŷ
Ϊĳд󹦣һλޱȹϵĴڴöŷʱûиӦŷʲôҲûѯʲô룬ԻٺöŷȻµһ

ѵ𣬹ŷһѺۣй¶֣Ǳ鵭
ɫһ䣬ȥʱ򲢲ҪѣǱöŷϵֻҪ뿪ֻ·
ԼȻҲо£ʱԼ뿪ˣͬʱĿɭĿ죺ϣ
鵭ǰִ̧һɱ졣
һɱ⼫ǿת۱ʬϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽ̵ʬֱӱķ顣
ɳɵһȣ˼Ѻۡ
Ҳʱ鵭ʧ˴룬ֻʣһԱӣɳ΢ĳӣ߳Ҫ̣ܿ
仰³ʧ뿪ֻ·
Ʈֻ·ϣΪֻرԴɲֻ·Ӱ졣
ƿֻ
Żʧĵطͫ׽
öŷϵֻΪ΢Ϊֻ壬о
棬ȷʵһ˿ֻ
⡭
ͷ㤡
ؼ䣬ȻѾƿֻһֲܿ¡
Ϊƿֻ˵Ѿƿһ˿ֻأܺˡ
ǾǶǿĴڣ
ƿ˶ֻأ
Щ
֮ͬǰС̫ԣֻǴصĸڣһȫƿֻأؾԻһƬңֶñΪƿء
ľͬʱҲΪһ޵еҲڻѣԭô£оƿֻĴڡ
ƿмֻأǵȴڣλ޵еϣҲʤɣ
ܳء

ֻ·ϣ΢˿˿ơ
󷽣һԵһƬͣеĳֻ·ͷȥ
쿴ȥȻǻһĸ֮һΪ󵪻ֻ·Ͻµһۻ֮ǰ׷ɱʱûиϣڿԷֻܵ·Ӱ죬Ѿˡ
ɵڵȡڣ˵ֱ̧֣֮꣬ץֻͼĨԷʶ
̽ڣѰйڻʥԴϢţΪ嵱ۻӦ֪Щ
תۣʮȥ
ʥһ顣
һĨâ
ʥԴֵ֮ͨ󣬿ԻǿĻ壬ڻҲǳ䱦ڻʥôһ飬Ѿطʮꡣ
ȶͨĻҲ壬ûн֮£Ϊȶ̫ˣá
ʥôȥȡ
ԭ֮ǰļƻû˿ȫ·ϣһʬȥû۵ĻＸ޵ˣҪһʥԴȡʥԴԲѡ񣬻ûȻ뿪·ضѾص˻ʥһҪȥʥȡʥԴޱȵļˡ
վԭس˼ʮ󣬺΢ɵ΢˫ۡ
ϲģȳȥһݴ񡣡

˵ţץסΪ󵪻꣬Ź·󷽶ȥúѰ˵˵Уʹһ˫ۡ
һƬãʹͣΪʶѾڸղűĨˡ
ϼһԻɱңҲԻٵۡ
Ц


1857 ֻ
ΪĻ廤ȫûԼʶǱһܣʱƶԷֱӽ֮ɵڡ
ֻ·ߣ߱ĺõĻ绤ʬ롣
ۼǣǴɱĪļֵ
Щֱͣӳֻ·ͷȥ
֮ȫУ²ߵֻ·ͷԨǰ
ߵԨԵֻͼ׼ֱ£ɳͣ
¿ȥԨף·һãĹ
ȹְɫоκҲо˿ΣϢ
ⶫ֪ܴܲЩȥ

Ȱû˿û˿ΣϢȴ֪ⶫԺֲܿ۶ɡ
ǿķɱɵ˶٣ҧҧɵС䣬׼ɵһ˿Ȼ
Ƶĺ棬úɵԨ£һ
ͣ
һ죬ɵһǡ
һ䣬æɵջأɵһǣһۡ
ǰɵǻƬ׵ؾκεʧʱһȴȫǳˣʧȥһֵĺɾ
תʹɵֵĺɾƶȫһǡ
ܲȫˣƻǰһЩ
Ȼֻôǳ۵һ˿ʹıԴ
Ԩ£Щһʱǲġ
ⶫԺֲֻܿҪȥһ˿Ҳܻɱĺȡ
ҵһֻرԴ֪вС

֮ǰֻͼЩС̫뿪ֻ·һ룬ԼֻرԴĤԴһ˿ⶫ
뵽һ㣬̱ǶһֻرԴ⣬ٴȥ
Сģһһ˿ȻֻرԴס
΢΢Ծ£󰲾
ȻУ
ǰһ
£ԼһЩֻرԴĤСľһ˿һ˿Ȱռͷ­СһŰҹͣ
ͷ­С΢ĩⶫܿ£ռôѾֲܿˣңҲռ̫࣬ⶫϣ̫࣬һֻҲ⡣
Ͼʱ̶ֻͼֻرԴ⻤żⶫ̫ͻȻ䱬ֱӱǻꡣ
һ궼٣ֻرԴҲû˿á
궼٣Ǿˡ
ֻرԴͷ­Сİ֮Сɵ
һΣɵȶ
ʹ˿
ֻؾͷⶫҾͽֻʰɡ

һ̣˵һֻͼ𣬽ŻסֱӴԨ¡
ûãڰסҰǰֱù뿪ֻ·³ڻоõĿֻ֯Ϣ
ҵһ
ֱ˺ͨúһĹŴɽֱɢ
ûȥãɽ˳ȻС̫
Сӣûȥֻ·档ڵ㾿ЩʲôǰףѲᴩһȥʱŻָ磬ʿȫ֮ǰҪʮÿһξһȺʿѰټ
ʱ䣬ʿǼжڻѰټС̫ɽаನĻʿѰкüβͷǡ
⻰ûκɻ󣬵ʱֻ·ӳҲ֪Իŭû߼ʡ
Ҳûʲôջ˽ֻ·¼˵һ¡
ʲôƿֻĴڣ
Ǳɫһĸۻֻ·û⣬ֱӱǲֻĹŷ¸סˡ
ȻС̫ҲۣΪ
̫ϵһӪ⼸ϲȻôֲ
ļ¡
ܿ£

˵⻰ûмС̫ۣк뿪
ȥʥǣ͸һݴ񡣡
ô
ʲô񣿡ۣ׼ôϻ
һβЦһΣֱһЩ
ʲô˼Ҫʲôϣ
ɡ
С̫ҲƫСԴĿ
𼱣ʱǾ֪ˡ
Ц


1858 
ʥǾһĵط̫ҪϺܾòܵ
кСֱ̫ӿط
񣬻ＸǵǻʿѰټһ޺СĵıܿЩʿķ˴һʱ䣬ʥǵΧ
ʱ򣬷ȥʥڵĻʿԱ֮ǰʱ˴룬󲿷ֶ뿪ǰƬѰټȥˡ
Ӧûڡ

ڻʥһɵȡеΪǸ廤
ۣģ
һ
⣬ĸ绤֮һʶѾֻϱĨˡ

֮ǰС̫˵ɵĸ绤û˵̫ϸ٣ĸ绤ʲôģСһﶼ֪
ݣҩŪİɣûɱ
ûУ͸
Ц
Цɵö£СЦĺüթʲô⣿
Ǿ֪ˡ

˵ţһĻΪŻʥڿȥ
漴кС̫Զˡ
ܿǻ绤УԶʲô
⡣
С̫죬Ҳһܺģ
ʶĨ൱һ߼򵥵ĿܣȻҵָӣܹơͣΪԶˣǾ仰Ǿ֪ˡ
С̫ܿ뿪ʥǵλüԶҲʱΪĻ绤£е˻ʥλãʥڵһЩʿдΰݣȻû˸ϾЩͨĻʿУ˿ǻĳ
ˣˡڣʥѾŰԶʥͨҰѾǿʿԣǿɨӵǸط󺰣ˣ
ǿǳضȥת쳹ʥǡ
ʥڣصһڻǿ߶һƫͷԴȥȻɨӵ졣

Ҫѹ࣡
ץס
Щǿ߸Ŀ亮ʼǿߣ
ҲʱʥǴ𣬻ӿԻʥп

ԭ׼Ǹȥǿȫͣд
ȫûЩˣĿֱķ򣺡ϣ
ޱȱֻ·һУеɱʱһɹɺˣֲһЩǿȫѪɡ
ͬʥڵǿǰ㣬ֱӾҪȥ
𼱰ʥڻ˭ĻҿΪͻһˡ
վڻʥǰ⣬ɨӻʥǣ˵
ƫͷ˲ͿǸΪĻͫһ
ֻ·ʱĴ󻤷оѣֻʣһˣǶöرĹŷӳֻ·Կ϶ʣֻ·ϵĻ绤ҲԻŶԡɴ˿̣ȴûͻصʥڣжʱһɲõԤУΪΪĺͶԷ
վڰ⣬ɨŻʥǵķ¶Ц
£ʥڣΪһ𣬻Ϣ˲Ƶ徶ֱʼŹ⣬ʼԻ١
Ǳɫ㡭
䣡
޴ΪĻ绤ʶĨȫһ߿ܣ£һ׼Ի٣ʱֱӱըĻϢƺƵӿ
ֻһ˲ѣ綼𣬻ʥ̱ĹⲨû
С̫ԶԶطǲĵɴ˫ۡ
ݣ
ֶˡ
һ̣֮ǰΪҪǸ绤صʥǣҲΪҪԶʥǣԭҪ绤ֱʥԻ١
һԱ
ԶʥǵĿģֻҪǱܿԻٺĻ
ѽ
С̫£Żʥǵķ˫۵ɵĹԲ
¡¡ģʥڣϢ죬纣ӿܱһһ
ˣ
кС̫ٴԶˣһԻٺĻ̫ˣѾʥǰԶǸов
һۣ˳ȥԶ񼶵ҲֻǿʥǸطĳˡ
Ĺ˺󷭹
ֱȥĻ˷Ǳ
ĿʥǣĴĻʥǿ⣬һȫˣŻʥɷΧڵһУҲʧһɶ
ϣ
ŭѾȫĻʥڣѪ֯ӿ۳һߴӰȻǻû䣬ɻţֻϢѾüΪɫ׵ˡ


1859 Ļ
ŭ쳹գؾ۳żԶ죬ɱŨ㡣
ֻһ˲䣬ʥǣȴʥ󱣻ûг׻ٵ⣬һУȫʧˣеĻˣ⣬ȫ
Ȼţ
Զ⣬𺳡
һۼǿԻ٣ǴڻǰɶԷȻⲻò˵Щ£ˡ
Ҳ⣬ȴֻһ˿ѣϾԶж£ǻ壬Ѿ۾ͷྪ춯صĴֶΡ
Ҳֻǿ֮ĩˡ
۵󼸲ǿ˹ȥֱӴ߶ȭݺһȭ¡
ˣ
һضڸ
һ̣һȭͷֱڻϣԷĺɡ
ѪϿա
ԶС̫һ
Լ˻
ۡ
һ̣С̫絽ƻٵĻʥ⣬һɨ󣬾ɫʧˣ֣ȻȴĴ󴴣ʱԿȰ벽
죬ҲǴڰ벽񾳣ǿֻ壬ȻǰĻһȭɻҲǺˡ
ɣȥ޾ԶȴǺܿվ죬øɭŭ
۷ۣ޾£ȴǱһʱİ벽һٿӣǱչյֻ·ϣĴ󻤷䣬ԼòӳֱһۻⴴֱӰһȭŭ˼㣬ͬʱҲ㡣
һ۷ۣȻһ벽һȭϣ
λҵңҴ򣡡
Цһǿ絽ǰ
ˣ
մһƬٴλӶȭѹϣ֣֯ȭˡ
ǿĻ£ֻʣ˰벽񼶵ʵη塣
ϣ
ŭֱӳһƬӣǳƣ֯ԭʼĻ
򣬻ɺӣ
һ֣ʮ𶯣ܺƺƵĳֶ¡
Цܣֱûɺڣһǿ絽ǰ
ݣ㡭
飡
һ죬ȭͷٴڻϡ
۵һѪˮŽٴκɡ
ϣղʲô
סΣ̲סʡ
򣬾Ȼûã
ֻЦ˵ʲôӶȭٴκ
ԭǴ۷״̬£ʾܿ¼һǿѪ츳ͨȴҲֵסԷΪΪʵ̫
ڣܴ󴴣ֻа벽񼶵ʵܱҲʹۿۣȻȻҲȫУȫ֮Ч
ˣ
һȭʮ顣
һٴѣһȭҵĺɡ
Ѫٴϡ
ûͣٴǰ
Ҳʱ¡¡ģԶһһɵİܸ֣ƽ
ǡϢУ⡭
ɫ
쿴ԼԶƽİܣаɣһ˲뵽ˣЩܱضǻĳǿߣΪۻΪֲĻЩǿ߸Ӧ󶼳ط˹
УӦʮϢʲΣϢ𣬺һǳˡ
ıȴû˿仯һӣֱӴɵڻߵʬȻǻһĸۻе˵ʬֻ·˵꣬˵д˳
սʿٸɵ٣
С̫
ǰһģ׵ģ
ۼǿߵʬǴɱǾͿԺһУС̫ƿʬʣͳͳɱ
£ûκԥԱ˲ûһʬڡ
սӦ̲ס򵥺һȭɴա
ζ
˷ܵ
һߣС̫ûһʬڣӦһơ
һɴձưܲ
˾ͽˣǵ𡣡
С̫ɵڡ
漴Ŀٴڻϣû˿ԥֱӻӶȭɱϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶϢ˲ƽΪǿߣߴаʮʮʡ
ǣ
طǿɫʥǣȻױٵˡ
ͬʱҲԵһĻһ벽񼶵࣬ȭǵ


1860 ȼ
ǿȫסˣʥǣȻΪƽأһŰ벽񾳵࣬Ȼȭ޵е
ҪѹǸ࣡
ڱ
ʥǵĻ𣬺йأ
ˣѹ
ϣ
Щ˾ܽԺ𺳣ȴҲֵ嵱ǰʲôԼһڱһ벽񾳵ȭ䣬Ȼţ볯ȥ
ԴˣûκηӦȭһһκڻϡ
ǿߣһǿˡ
ϼһǣүֹ
ЦԦʬǰһǰֱһȭ¡
˵һֻǼ򵥵һȭֱһУһķ顣
ңҲһ١
һߣС̫Ԧһʬһȭһ
ˣǡ
С̫ԦԼޱϤĻ绤㶯ǿ߸ɫһ䡣
Щվʵףܿ㷢˶ߡ
λˣѾоˣǡǱˣڡλ˵ʬ
λˣɱˣ
ô᣿
Щٴ𾪣һĻ۰񣬾Ȼˣ
飡
һ죬ԶѪˮŽһαҵĺɡ
ʹðĻǿ߶ֶݡ

˴󺰣ʱ򣬴󲿷ֳͻȥ
ǰһĻĻһһ𺳣񣬻Ҫǵ
ǹȥ
ȻЦԦʬһȭѹһС
ͬʱС̫ȻҲûţԦʬ򵥵ĳһơ
һʮռ䵱
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһըʮǿֱѡ
ˬ̫ˬˣ
г
ʬ̫ǿˣȻֻܷʬҲ㹻ֲˣһȭһƾУµȫͨۼǵ¾ǿס
쿴ǱһۣСֱ̫ԦһʬʱԤϵǰ׾ٵĵסˣΪʱİǿ߷
ʣǶԶǸ߸ϵĴڣϧֻܱס
п
ĻľԣĲƥУȻʬڣҲ㲻ʲôˣƾʬµĴԷµһУ£ĺܵ
۷弶ĵҪϾҪӳȫƣҪķѼΪֲǲ̶ֳ߱ȵѷӳһڵǿܡ
ۼʬĴȴǲҪʲô߶ֱӿŻȭƱУܻ֮Ҫǿ¡
սپ
Żһȭ߶ĸǿ
˵һʮռҡһС
ȭӭҼһڴӳĻȭײһ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˽棬һƬƬա
κһһαɣı飬ӵľŭ
ܵһ۽Ի٣ܵĴ̫ˣֻʣ˿Ȱ벽񼶵ʵĵֻ·Ի٣ʱȷԭ۷ۼʵͿϣϣԣڵǰ£⣬ȫû˲ƺķȡ
ֻʣ°벽񼶱ںĶԾУһδⴴ

ŭͬʱҲ𺳡
Ȼʵʱ䵽˰벽ΣϾﵽ۷ۣǻ壬䵽Σɱһİ벽Ҳһֻûʲô𣬿벽ȴȫѹŴľ
뵽쾹Ȼȡöӣֻܴ·Ӱ죬ʹĻЧǸľͬʱҲŭеɱӿ
Ȼĵеɱ⣬ȴûһ˿һı仯
ˣ
Ķֱӣǻȭȭ졣
ӭһδκײһδαɨĺɡ
һߣһͻС̫ĻǿһĻһپɫһٱ䣬һȻһһδεĺɡ
Ҫȥʱȴȫûа취С̫ԦʬԼ֮ΪС̫Ԧʬ̫ˣ֮׵ĥǵһֶΡ
ﬣ
̶ʥģһ߻Ӷȭһ߼콣콣һʱ両֣һƬ
̵ձᴩһڴӭŶϡ
ײܺ¡¡졣
תۣһʱȥһһܴ󴴡
ˣϣ
ޱɭĿɱâбԴӿʼȼ


1861 ʮʥʹ
ڣڻ⿪ʼȼգطҲȼ
쵱üͷһȥʱ򲢲ȼʵȴһɸӲõԤС
ûԥֱֻͼҽҲһϳǰǿֻͼֻͼƺƵĳŻѹ¡
ֻǣŸոտ絽ǰһ˱ǳſֱӽɡ
ϣȼգһŻ֯˿˿Ƶ⡣
һ̣һӰпʮɢϢһ˲仯һڼӡ
ɱʮ
ֱӱɫǵ̫ϵֻǸֲڣ
ӭˣ岻ķʵǶԷɢϢֲ̫ˡ
ͬʱС̫ɫһڻǿҲɫ
⡭ǣ
ʼĻǿļ¡
Ǳʮĺڼ꣬Ǹо˱ǵµϢ
һʱ䣬Щǿ߶ͣ˶𺳵ĿŻʮӡ
ڼӵ彥ʵһЩĹ֮ʧĿֱϣ䵽дһ˿˿âҲһ˿˿âƿһС
Ϊôòٴλᡣ
ӿڣĮ
ʣ⻰ʻ
ʥʹұѹȡӺֱӷϣɲͷʥʹԶ֣ǣ⣬񲻵ò鷳ʥʹԶ֡
ʱ̫ϵֻڼӵһʱӱѾ̫ϵˣᵽҲóȥҲڴһЩ⣬ѹʱڣһʱӣţҲĪĺôٽӳȥ
ϧŰ벽񼶵ʿȴһһεĳԴʱûбİ취ˣֻȼĳֻڼӡ
ûȼǿԼѹһʱӣΪĹ̫֮ˣʲôֶΣ״̬ȼҲӦԣ֮üȼһ껽ڼӣȼ꣬ɼӰ죬δ¼Ļˣ񲻸ðա
ڼʥʹڹ⣬û˵ʲôֻĿһƬĮ
ڸϲ磬ԶԶǻȣŷǳǿعʹԽ½磬ҪҪȼ깹ʥٻңȷҲֻʹĻ½磬޷
ȻҲԼǿдϽ½磬Ҫǳ޴ĴִۣۣܵģҲѿԳܵġ
ĿϣĮ·͸ؼһС
ǸˣںδУ

·ӿµħʹĤըһȡ
ֻǣȴû¶ηı飬Ǵһֵ٩Щ
ϴγԱС
ڼӿеġǸˡȻµĵ˭ضָϾƹģԿ϶˵ϾƹбضԴˡ
ڼӱʮ޾񻷻ϣӱøӵıٲȻ˵һЩ£ǲпɱ
һֱ̣֣̽ץȥȻҪѹȡöӣԼʶѰϾƹһС
̽ٶһ㶼죬˵ȽϻϢȴǺ˵˼㣬ʮأһ˲ϢǱüžһƬ
쵱оһӾҵʹ·һ˲䣬ԼҪ顣
ڼӵϢ۷״̬µĻҪǿʵԳܡ
ԶС̫Ǳɫ˲Ԧʬ嵽֪סԷǳŶԷĴӭϣȴֱӱһץ˻
ΪԶˣ
źڼ̽ԽԽĴ֣ʱ򾡹궼·Ҫѿˣȴûη塣
ڼϵıûκα仯죬һƬ飬ѹĴӡƲϢøǿЩȻʱ̬ȣʹˡ
˲ˬ
ֿڡ
˵⻰ɵлһţֱ˦ֳԷȥ
ڼ̽ĴƲ춪Ĺû˿⡣
ǰСϣһ벽Ķλ⣿
ѹ䣬ֱڹ֮ϡ
ŴԼͷ­Сѹµ˲ѿһŰɫʩʩȻƮûκοµĲûκοֲϢתۼմȾֱϡ
ǡ
ҽеһʱ䴫ڼϵĮ˲ʧӰ٣Ť


1862 ֻزɵ
ҽʮʥʹɫմȾϣ׶Ťˡ
ֻ͡йأģ
˲Һ
ʥʹ
ɫ䡣
Ҳɫ⡭
Щ֮ǰǶоʮʥʹĿֲһ֮мӣԶԶǿǵѾ۲ΣȴҽС
ǡԨڵĶۣСӣ㾹Щ⣡
С̫߹һֻ·ǴԨֻ·ȻϵⶫܹµõⶫжôֲϾǴֻ·ͷĶû뵽ȻȶЩ
С̫ҲǲɵõۣǰһĻˡ
ǱһʮʥʹȻ֪ⰵɫֻйأ
ƿֻˣа룬漴ҡͷԣƿֻôܻᵲסⶫƿֻ˱ǿ

ʮʥʹҺޱȡ
һƳԽ۲εĿֲڣʱʹд˾ŭ֮ɫ
ֱϣɫûκοµĲû˿ֲϢȴһͷڲʳֱתۼǸʧ󣬰ɫӿȥ
䣡
ԣгԽڷû򰵻ͼ֮ȻȴһҲûУɫֱС
ôܻⶫܣܣ

ΪԶǿ۷۵Ĵڣǰù֮ǰĮһУȴȫʧ̬ˣһжΪⰵֲ̫Ϊֻʡ
˳˺ԶЩԾΪһʼֻ֪ޱȿֲ޵еĴɱӦÿԶǿ۵ʮʥʹѪùʱԤϵĳȴ̲סЩ𺳡
һ̣е𺳳Ծֱɢȥ뵽һ⡣
֪ⶫֻйأƿֻĴڣ˭
ʵ
һöֻĹŷƲԷƿֻǿڣ˺ͻһӪΪʵԶԶȻҪǿ󣬶ϳⰵɫֻйأã˻֪Ǹڵ¡
ʮʥʹֻʲƣʹ΢Ҳͼǵȴ֮£

˵⻰ٴηҽС
ֻûκϢоκοֲȴ͵ˡ
͵һʮʥʦֱӱ
漴ֻʲɢʣµӿȥʹ֮ĲҽС
ʥʹ⡭
һĻ̲סˣͫʲס
ʥʹжֲֻһ߻ȴҲǿֲһָ۷ۣȻȴ벽³
ⶫֻйأ
ʮʥʹϵİͷʧȥӦе̬

ҽڳʮʥʹѾ׹ڵϣͣķ
Ȼû˿ãѲֻʵĲơ
ϣΪȶΪУ

ȶǿҲƿزˣһմȾϾ͵õѪùһ벽ȴȻôһŵֻʡ
Ʒãֻضϲ
Ц
ʮʥʹһ˲ڲҺ
ֻһ߻ʱҵֶԽӿͼĥֻʣ߻㱻١Ͼ⾡ܲı壬һ٣ȴҲӰʵٻǧ֮һܡ
ǧ֮һȥûʲôˣǶȴڶԣǧ֮һǾǿֲģҪķ޾²޻ء
ֻǣһнûκãֻظһУֻǰʵ̫ڴˣ˿á
˻۾ˣϱֻɣһʧ
һֻۣʣ´ͷ­
ϣǸˣᱲ½Ҫ
˺ŭ
Ż䣬͵һͷ­ֱӱ飬ɢ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻĥҲ֮ʧ
춯ݣΪֻʵʧΪʮʥʹĻ
Ǳǡ
ľ
ˣֻһ߻
ͬʱС̫ҲΪ˶𺳡
⡭
ֻһ߻ܣ䱾壬õжô£
ಣ
ͻȻƿյһ򣬻ˣǳ죬ͨ⽻ֱ֯ӳżԶȥ


1863 ͻ
ǿʮʥʹֻĥˣֱӸовʱûκԥŭӿȴûаֱͣѡ˶
һһ׷ȥߣ
ϣպն㣡
ɭһٴοʼȼգһɴֱ˺ѻϣʧڻ磬ͬʱ˺Ļѷת۱Ǳպϡ
ϻֿµֻʣʱͷֻһٶ뿪졣
ܵĵǿ죡
ͣ
ԭ׷ȥȴֱʧȥ˻Ϣûа취ټ׷ˡ
ԭض˶٣߻أʮǿߡ
Уʮˣʮˡ
ߡߣ
ӭЩʶһˢˢĳԶߡ
һˣһǿʮʥʹҲĥﻹҼ£
һʱ䣬ವƿЩǿת۱ǶݳԶ
ܣ
Ԧʬ̧ȱҪ׷ȴǱס
ùǣȥҶ

ʥȫˣֻʣĴĻʥǿΪǻĵĵطޱȾ˵ػ
ҲΪ֪һ㣬ŸطıڻʥڵĻʥԴԻлٵ
С̫ɵȡߵ»صԼڣʬ𣬶кǳŻŵĻʥȥ
û뵽򻹺嫵Ļ磬۷ۻ񾹱СӸģĸ۲ߣȼ껽ʲôʥʹĥˣһˣһ벽ôҡ
Ц
漴˶٣ֵУһȻֻԨֶЩ
£ʵںܳԾΪĶʵЩֲؼһС
ҺôЩһλ군ˡ

ǵֻʣԻʮʥʹǵĽֻ֣бѹĨɱ
Ȼ˼ȷʵǶǶǸʥʹС˵ţЩ𺳣ˣĳ۾˰ɣ
ûˡ
ͷ
۾ĻиߵвΣ
֮ǰѾѯʹ⣬ʮʥʹ̲ס־ɡ
ӦС

뵽˵ʮʮʱһűϿӡһд󾳽磬ӡ۾󣬺滹һʣȻǵӡЩֵ˻ſӡȥȴûнſ̳
һ۾κ󣬵ȷʵǻδ֪ĸߵΪΡ
ˣ£ȥʥ
˵
ʥưܲС̫ܿʥλõĻʥ⡣
ȥʥ洦Ѻۣ·ʱп鿪̮
ûԥСֱ̫С
ʥڣռԵЩֻһ˳úʥ
ʥû̫Ķһ̨ĴһʯǸֹϵ䣬ԿͬʱʯǰһȭͷСľɢԣƮھڸ̨ҵϣһĻϢ
ҵˣ
һĨտտâһǿ絽̨ϣ龧ץС
⾧񣬱ϾƹᵽĻʥԴӿҪõĶ
ͬʱⶫļֵͨʿ󣬿ɻ壬һ־˵ЧۼǿߣⶫҲۺ졣
ǻʥԴ
ı飬һ¾Ͳµⶫʲô
ԡ
ͷ
˵⻰СĽʥԴ׼Ժ֮뵽ڡ
ΪĹ̲򵥣ԣѰһ԰ȫصĵطſԡ
ʥԴĿ䵽̨ϵʯϡ
ʯϵĹƷǳ࣬ӡ
ö
ʵ
ҲڿʯĦĹƣЩ̫ˣ
ҡͷ
ֻۼϵ˲ܿɡڣֵڿûϵⶫ÷ʥڣҲֵ֪ף˵ǻҲˣֱӸߣԺо˵оջ񣡡
ͷʵҲ뷨
£ֱӳſɵȫľǿʯսȥ
ʵЩ죬ʯȥߣҲһңȴû뵽أȻ벽񼶵ֻ嶼ôľǿᶯ
һ㣬ҲиоʯĲһ㡣
߰ɡ
ʯɵɵкС̫뿪
ڻѰ˻ʥԴȥѰ⼸ӵĿҪõǣ޷ʵ硣
š

£һ޳Żʥȥ
Ҳʱһʥĵطʥͻأһӡ˲һڽڵı顣ͬʱطĵصһޱȿֲϢ͸·ҪûһС


1864 Ѫ
ʥڵڴ𶯣һ
ص֮£һӿȵϢڷţǿ󵽼㡣
𣡡
һӵصǿˣһͷħ˻
졢С̫ͬʱݣɫ䡣
ЩơǷӡһ޴ķӡطۼ׶ǣʯߺ󣬴ˣ
ѽ
С̫ͷקһͷͬ㣬һëըʵʱӵص׳Ϣ̫ڿֲˡ
ҲǼһ˲俴һ޴ķӡ󣬶ǻʯλñľڣʯıƣʹķӡԻʵ̬ΪıٶƱ飬
ߣ
ҧԽɫС̫ɿ쳯֮ȥ
ȿֲϢŵص´һһжȥ²ˣʥ֮£ǷӡһֲĴڣҪˡ
һ̣̫ľֱתޣǲʩչޣɿĶ롣
䣡
𶯣ܵص׳ǿӰ죬ʥϵձޱȻңԭûжķΧȴǺѳȥŤĿռӰж



ռһƬƬ飬һ޴ķ϶
Щ϶УһɹɲͬϢ·ͨһƬƬδ֪ڣһʱͷƤˡ
ΪЩѷڵص׳ǵȿֲܶĻҿռ䣬һǱУȫ֪Ʈпܻ䵽һЩֲĽȥڿֱӾͱЩѷڵĻѹ

еȻҲ֪Щѷж£亹ŵ
ǲٶȿ쵽㣬һӰĴ塣
ȻƬռΪص׳ܱޱȻңʱЩѷѾܳˣѿ
𣡡
صٴδ𶯳գһʱͬĩմ㣬ɽһһ٣һһϣԱþޱȡ



ձĸܼ࣬Ĵѷ֣нת˵Ϣ
һ̣ʥ̮رʼݣѣȻը
ħӵصӿһͷȻɽһ㣬ͨ帲źɫףһһľ޴ÿһֱаҡ
Ԫڳˣ
Ȼ￴ȥΪһڵħޣһ쳤ХֱӽϵһıϣѵڵرһУʹôر̮ݣҲ֪˶٣лҽʹطĿֱӱһƬ
ͬһʱ䣬Ĳ̼ޱȣһɫƲը·Ҫһж
ֱ̲סˣϢʮʥʹֲ
ѽ⣬⡭
ﶼˡ
С̫ҲǲķĸСȫԼķ˿УʵǱͷħŵĲᡣ



ϣطռøӻңĿ´ѷ측ֶ
켹øӱԽɫżԼͷϵС̫ʩչǲѵЩͻأֵһһĴѷ죬ⱻ롣
¡¡
𶯣طȫ˻֮Уһжű١
ħһ˫Ӿ޴ޱȣڲƫͷط
Сһлˣټر
ĿϣͬӴ𶯣֪ǻʯʹ
䣬񷣬޴ֱħ⣬ᴩ񷣬ʹòһ޴ͨϲĶţô꣬˺ȫ̵
ವһһħ⣬ֱӳǾ޴ͨڣ˲Ϣʧ
ͬʱǾ޴ͨҲ֮պϡ
ֻطĿռ䣬ΪܵĹϵɴ޾ĻУиĿ´ѷ측֪ͨδ
գԽɫС̫Щѷͬʱħ뿪Ǹֱ̲סֿڣԷҪ֪˳ְǰ𣿣۾ϹˣԴżˣǡ@#
ųôͷֲħޣԷ׼ҪɱǣôߣʱŶԷټرȻȴֱʧԶȥٵûпƵģʵǽĹǺûһѪ


1865 
ʵڸˣһμôô޴Ĺޡ
ص̫ã̹ûˣ
ƿڴ
С̫ĲУѽɶ񣡡
ܿǾͶû˼ԹͷǿĹˣΪطԽԽĴѷ측֣ÿһѷڶǴֲͬϢͨء
ǲɿЩѷ죬ͬʱطΧͻƶȥ
ȻΪͷǿµ̫ھˣʹطĿռޱȣĺͻƳȥ

һ촫ܿѷеһʱͻأ䣬ֳһѷ죬ȻȻдһֱжȥ
һ˲䣬ֱɫ䣬ʱŸܿѷ죬ͻȻһѷ죬Ϊ̫ͻȻһʼûԤϵʱܲ
Ȼ֪˿̵ɫ䣬̲סеˣ
һ̣৵һѷֱӽǾС
ʼһУҰһ±ǱޱȻ谵
ֻоʮռ䶼ڸŶɫ÷ѿĻŵĸǿ
Ҳʱ˵ĺ죬谵Ĵѷڣǰһɹɫķ籩ϯٲȻڲĿռҲһĿռǳֲоԽһж֯һɹɵĿռڡ
һʱûκԥֱӴɵڻһʬԼɵԼС̫ȫУһƿأʹɵû뵽ʬڡ
ʱԼӭеĿռ˲ͻʱ̵ָֻۼǿߵˡ
˿̣Ϊѷ֮ڣѷڵȻȻǳ̶ķƶʱҪƿʬʲôֻҪʬΪǵֵռ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһʬⴴת۳һѺۣѪˮɽ
һĻʬڵһ޶ļ£ʬȻҲ޷ȫסȿռ£ڱ
ΪǳԽ۲εĴڵ𶯳Ĵѷ죬ŵĿռڲϾԶͨĿռɱȡ
ɫܲÿǰľʵ̫Σա
˵ĺǾɵڣʬУ˳ŴѷڵŹ̶ķȥʬϵⴴ
תۣӹȥʬϱ鲼Ѻۣǿһѿȫ
ɵһ¾ͱ¶ڿռ֮С
ͷƤˣӦٶȴǷǳ죬ɿĴɵڻһʬٴƿɵʬڡ
ϣһʬˣһҪռа
̲ס
Уһʬڱǻû뿪ռķΧǾͳˣǸʱ򣬵һʱͻᱻµĿռ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ͬһʬǰ㣬ʬռڣҲǲϵⴴ
ϣһѺ̳֣Ѫˮһƽ䡣
֮󣬽ģռڼ¹ȥӵʱһʬ໤ռķΧ
ϣˣлӣ

Ҳ˿Σա
ƿɵವһʬڳС̫ɵڿ
Ҳʱ۵һһʬķѣѪˮһƬ
ʬɱôûˡ
Щʹ
ҲЩۣȴҲû̫ȥ⣬ܻˡ
ҲǡǶʬǲȻȫ군˵һ㣬̲סǸԲеħޣ
仰ҲɫЩڣͷħ޷ǳֲʮʥʹϢҪǿȴ⣬ʱֺߡ
˵ټر´ټ˵һ٣
Թᡣ
У˵죬û˵ʲôĿ⿴ƮŶȥķ
һΣѷڣܲȫڰǿԿ⣬Ҳ˵
֪Ʈϣǣǧ䵽ʲôµĽȥǿĲ档
ֿʼ
ʱŵĺܿ죬һ۱Ǵʱȥ
һ죬ѷڵ𶯣ǰֳԸŨĹһɴӿ֣һи˳ȥ
²ȵʵʵϣһȽϿƽϣԶһɽʣȻһ΢ܾ֯ˡ
ͬʱʱվŲˣŮɢϢ඼üŹֵĿͻȻֵһޡ
ʿôͻȻʸߣƺѾˡ
һŮüʵ


1866 
ڵŮһϮɫȹιյķǳ¶ˡ
쿴ŮӣԷϢܾˣȻǿ񼶸߶ȣ
ǣ
ܣôʵ
ڻ类뵽һѷڣȥºȻ֪һʲôĵط
㲻֪ڵŮüǴ㲻
ΧһЩ˿ı飬ӹŹ֡
ԣȴǶݣǣ
ϾƹҪҪ䣬ǷǳĶһֻдвУû뵽ڻ类ѷ󣬾ȻĽ뵽˴С
ģڵŮüͷĸȫһ֪ôģ
С
ô
룿ƬںܾˣҪʸ߶ȵǿ˺˽룬ʲôܺʼǿ߶ȣǽУ
ŮӺܺ档
Բ죬ҪƬҪʸ߶ȵ˳˺ѹϣ˽Ͼƹ֮ǰû¡
£ЩϼһѰеһӿҪõûԶûΪѽУ˵취Ҳ֮У
һ룬;ã⻹ӦþϾƹµˡ
뵽һ£طЩˣܽУǱʼǿ룿ô˵ЩõжǿÿĴڶǿۼڣòܹͻȰɣ
ϻʲôɱ
һطһ꿪ڣȥطȻ֪ģȻʸطʿȻǣǾûҪˣֱɱˡ
סɣ˽ֻʱҵƿΪأУ뿪ͺãûҪɱ֣ҲûȨô
һŮӿ˵Ϊ񼶸߶ȣ毺ã΢ü
ȨЦɱҪʲôȨҹǿȨ
˵ţĽŲ٣һǿ絽ǰֱһȭš
ˣ
ȭâŽӿǿ
һâС̫˿һЩֱ̧֣ͬһȭŶԷȥ
һ̣˵ȭͷײһ𣬾ֱһ޴ĺʮա
漴ŵŵɵģ˽Ա˿ȥ
ܣ˶ǶݣĿϣ¶ɫ
Ȼסɵһȭƽɫ
ɿħһӣΪѾ۷壬Ǽǿһ벽񾳵ʿɵһȭ¾Ȼȫ˿
סΣٴο죬޳
ħǧڣΪһӵΪ۷壬һȭ֮¾ûܺɱһ벽񣬱Էȫһȭڽ˿ȥԼֱǳ衣

̹ǣ۷弶ֱӿ𣬳ѹȥͬʱһС̫ҲһС
Ҫɱ죬ͬʱҲҪйصҲɱ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģʮռֱӱһƬ
һҪ۷弶ˣȴǶ֡
ˣ
ӿʮ𣬹ҫʮһУŶԷӭȥ
ûԥֱӲǲˣԽɫС̫һ磬һαԶŸԶȥ
ɼʮ󣬿ȴѾȫʧҰУʱ׷ҲѾѾȫʧȥϢ
Ȼˡ
Ҳǡ
ɵ³ɹߣ˵˲һ㣬ղŵٶȣĺܿ죡
طһȺʿв˿ڣ˶ǲɵ΢˫ۡ
ɵɫѿĿҪγˮһ벽Ȼɹ˳ȥطŮӳܶˡ
Ҫ㣡
ɭ߳ȥǸеɱ籩⡣

ϹһرɽһһԺΡ롣
С̫ٶУͬʱڸסеϢʱѾ뿪֮ǰǸطԶúһȻĹŴɽ֮ͣ
ȥɽڹľ࣬ޱȴ׳Ҳ֪˶ƾõ¡
ǹյүģ

ѽ
С̫ߵĽ
ȻҲˬ⸡ΣֻһСؾ룬ȴﵽ񾳺ϣֱӸɵ


1867 
Ե޹ҪɱԼˣӲɱֱӷɱ
վɽۣɨܣкС̫ɽȥúҵһȽεɽȣܿӡһһķԸϢ
Ҫʲô
ʵ
ʥԴС

ӷǳҪʵĴ磬ҪУʥԴ֮һ
ڻõ˻ʥԴ׼֮֮ڣѰһ
˵⻰һΣֱӴɵȡһȭͷСľʯɢԣһĻϢȻڻѰĻʥԴ
ʱ»ķѵЩãǰһ
С̫
ġ
ѽ
С̫뿪ԶһЩľ룬СĽ䱸Ŀܡ
΢΢һ̫ľתޣľ۷״̬˫ۣԽɫסʥԴ֮һڣ˿λԴԱߡ
ӲֻдĴָǰСʥԻƣ·һпܡ
콫ʥԴǣԱߣ΢ֱʥԴ飬һƵ̫Ի˿˿Ƶӿӡ
̼䣬𶯣ŵʥһӱøŨǳˡ
ˣ
ʥԱͬˮһºͣϣģӿʼ󣬱ٶȻϢȴԽӵĺһɹԭʼӿ
ת̫ľӱţ֮ϣܹĸоı仯ŻʥԴ̫Уڷ·һͷʥ޾ҪƿǶһ㡣
ңͬһʱ䣬ӱ仯һ̫ϢӿһЩӿ
쵱һ̫Ϣ̺ŷǳ˵ܣдɵԼһЩӿĹУȻȻĿʼѪͽǣԼ֮ڻص
ʹһڳɳûбǾѾʼǣЧܾˣתۼǸоԼǿࡣ
һ£ȾȣһʥԴڣһӿʥԣ֮׳
漴Ȼ佻֯貵ԣֱܡ
ң⻹ûнһ̣ȻȻĶâ֯һûУʹӵĳɳøѸٺȹ̡
һĻʹ̲ס
򣬾ȻڵӣӸѸٵĳɳ
ôƺǡӴڸϵȵĲΣ
⡭
Щ𺳡
Լ򣬵ʲô
ˣ
𶯣âͺ嫣һƵûС
һʱ䣬ӳɳٶȱø죬ٶӣʥԴӿӵٶȻȻű죬ǿҵĹ֮ӿ
ͬʱӿĹԣҲǱø࣬ʹǲһ𣬾Ϊȣڸſ
ʹ־ϲ󳹵׽ľ𣬿ʼʥԴӣͬʱҲӿ뵽ڵӵʥ⡣
ˣ
ɢԣøŨ貣â˿˿Ծ
ˣʱһţתۣ¹ȥ
ºһ죬ĹâøŨâҲŨʥԴױ뵽ԴԵڣĴָǴСȭͷСɢϢӵĺ嫣ӵԭʼ
ͬʱ˵һתۼ佻֯һ޴ɫС
䣡
У𶯣һѪɫըһͷͷѪɫ
ʥԴڣУԼҲǵõĪĺôʱΪӰ벽ͻƵ߶ȣֱ١
ˣ
һ촫ƺҪըˣڰתסԲǧɷΧĿռ䣬ɢϢһƵѹ䣬ƺҪƬռڵһжٵ
С̫Ϊ커һĻȻȻܲµʲô
Ϣǡ
ۼ׶
٣ֻ٣ǵȻϢ̫Ũˣһ̶òˣһɾʹ
죬ϢøŨʮڽǱϢ֡
һ̣һը죬ϣڵлɢȥ˵ĻϢҲתۼʧ
˫ۣоâտտȴ亹
Щ鷳



1868 
ڵʱɢȥƬռ±ùϢ˲Ϣɢ
ü
ʥԴڣУõ˾޴ĺôΪӰ벽񾳴ﵽ߶ȣڷ٣ַɿ˳ʹ񼶵ʱʧ
ôһ˲䣬ȴҲǸоⳡж£ƿҪɹȥҲѡ
ôСӣ
Ʈ˹
û˵µǰ
ûаգǾʱɽ٣ó׼˵

ô򵥡ü񾳺ʱ˳ά״ֻ̬գպ󣬾ҲԸҲн񾳣١
Ҳ˵ֻʱ׼
ԡ
ͷ
յ׼ʱ䣬ô㣬ѿҵӦԵķ
ϾǶ٣Ҳεſ԰Ҫڶʱҳεڵ˵൱ѡ
ü⻹ȷʵЩ鷳
֮ǰۼʬǱһߣǾͺˣӦ֮١ôͷµħޣ̲סǲ׵Ĵޣ
Ѿ£пҲûá

ѽ
С̫ԱߣͷΪ쵣ǣΪ
Ц£СһԴ
漴һ̣С̫ɵǰ΢ͻȻ뵽һ⡣
Сһյʱ䣬ȫͨܲܽڵ绽
ôС̫
СһڵǳһƬʵ磬۷۶ۺ죬Ҫȡ̺зǳ˵ΰһСһԽֱӶ㵽Ҳܶɹ١
⻰£˲뵽ʲô⣡ʽٹƶκ⣡پڻ£
ͷС̫Сһռٻ磿
ѽ
СһĽ߬һСצӣһļᶨ顣
ģٲȻڱһ
һЦã
ǳһƬ򣬲ȴ൱һƬ磬ǳ
кСһ뿪ʱ֮ƬѰһǳߵĵطûκ̺طѡΪ֮ɽٵڡ
Сһȫˣ
С̫
ѽ
СһӦϣһʱеɫ⽻֯ʼĹͨڵ硣
Ҫ٣Ҫ磬СһȻκʱרע
վһߣûдţػͬʱԼҲڰйͨʶеǱ񽣣ܹǱ߲񽣻Ҳ׾ٵĶɹ١
ʱ䣬ɿš
һۣʱȥСһɫƣδͨ硣
ͬһʱ䣬üŬͨʶе߲񽣣ȥôպȴ˿ûЧ
ʶе񽣣ʯһҲ˿Ҳ޷Ӧ
ʱڣˡ

ŬѾܹоһʱôܽ
΢΢һٹͨڵ񽣣ĿһߵС̫ϡ
ֻпСһˡ
֮ʱһĹȥתۼʱš
ʱȥ
ʱ̲סٶüڵʼ궯ˣΪúѹƣҪͻƵ񾳲ȥ
ѹһʱ䡣
ֿС̫
һգʱһʱһʱĹȥΪԽӵѹơ
漴໹ѹΪʱʱ̣С̫ɫһӱ÷ǳŨңһֱӳɹŨ
ʱǰһ¶ϲɫ
ˣ
Ҳǰһ
ѽ
Сһ۾գգģַһ
յʱ䣬һֱûͣ¶Ĺͨޱȵ棬ʱڵ˳
Ȼͬʱǰ㣬粢ȫֻǳ˴ϰٸҡ
ãСһ̫ˣ
̲סЦ
СһȻֻ˰ٸҵռ䣬ȴҲ㹻ɽ١
£ûκԥֱӷſΪΣ̼òըһɫе۶ѪɫԾ
漴ವһֱӿСһڣС̫ҲһС
ˣ
Ȼ
ʵĴ磬̺ΰķҪ񼶵٣û⡣
䣡
ʮرڰ֡
ʱվС̫ռУܹоµĻϢȴһд⡣

ŲмƵʵ


1869 ɵһζɽ
Ѫɫӿ·Ҫһж٣񷶼Ҫըˡ
з·һϵףƺƼΪһը죬漴һ׷ֱ䣬ʮռȫû׷֮С
תۼ䣬׷ѹ£ϣҪ졣
ϢˣȻڣҲǲɵһ
С̫ȻҲļ£ǲ¡
򵥵ĵһ׷ѹ£ƾ벽һ˲䱻
ҲͬԤϵǰǿᣬֱӽ׷ֱһ׷Ļ֮ȫɢȥʱҲһ¡
ȻϲۺõĴ磬ͣĵֿ죬˵Щ£ŵһ׷ѣȻƣ׷ָõжôֲ
ԼҲľ֮ǰѾԤϵεٻֲܿȴǷ֣Լ֮ǰĲ²⻹ǵ͹ε׷Ŀ£Ԥǿ
Щ׷Ҫǰ漸־ԲѣɵĿһ٣ⳡ׷ʱ֣ҪŹһ׷ƶЩѶȣ˵ڶ֣ǾԿ¡
ΪڶöӵĹϵʹ֮ĸ
ô롣
Ҳʱ˵һ죬ڶ׷ѹ䡣
һƬ׻𣬴ŻȣƺƵѹ䣬ֱӱٵƬ
ת۶ѣƬ׻ѹ£ڵ졣
糬ǿ󣬶ֲĵڶ׷׵ĵ¡
⻹ǵһվĿ췣оǡ㤡
̲סһ
ͨɾɹ٣ǸźԶۿģǵһδ׷ģԱ߹ۿһеĸܵǵȻ֮ڣƵֻǵϢԽѹ
С̫ҲӣɵԴϣקһͷСԴ͸ϣ׻ͨ
Сһ硣
Ц
ԼҲڿ٣ǵȻϢޱŨңȴɡ
漴֣ɵȡĻʯɵͳڣתʹɵнϴ
ɵк嫵֮֮׷±ɢΪȫᣬǵ֮ȫɵݣֻҪɵʧǲʧᱻ׷
ɵΪռĺ쾧ɣΪıԴʱ׷Ȼܿºֲܿȴ޷ٵɵ۳֣ڲɱ£Ҳܽɵٵ
ɵͳһʱǱķ飬ɹȴʼղɢٵϴ±øӵĴ⣬ӵľӨ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ڶ췣֮һһֵ׷٣תۼʮ֣һֱһֲֿȴǱ׾ٵȫ
漴ʮ׷󣬲ʮ׷١
ˣ
ƬضΪ׷ĳֶϢȵʮ׷ǿʮһһӰ۶ʹͷʿжϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰ·Ҫһ㡣
һܸоⳡһ׷澹ˣ
һ׷
ʵ
ͷԡ
¶һЩŹֵı飺˵ļ٣һ׷ģʲôԢɣ
üȻҲ뷨Ҫ˵ʲôԢ⣬²

գô
䣡
ʮ׷ֲĺˣЩ۶ɵӰ·ǻ֮Դĳ硣
ĺǿСһ𣬿ǾԷȻµһ׷£ȴҲǶһ£Ľֱֵ֮ɢȥ
漴֮ϣɫ𶯣֮һɢط±ùϢתʧһɶ
ɹȥˡ
Цɹֲһ٣ȴɶɹһΡ
ˣ
ϣڵгɢȥͬһ㣬߲ƾ۳
ʱɲټڣһǿ˳ȥ
߲̺ŷǳ˵֮֮ڶɽߵӵĺô
ڿ߲Ƶ壬̫ľ׳
תۣӹȥ߲ɢȥʧ߲Ƶȹ̺񾳵ΪøǿڵͬһʣƺԶɿݣԶ֮ȣҲһʵı仯
ã
ȭоâտտ
ʱоԼǿ󣬾úɱ۷񶼲Ѷȡ


1870 ľ
񼶵ڹͨ彻֯ԣ齵һ㡣
һ̣ǿӹɣֻᶯһָͷ·һС
һ漴֣ƮŵɵƬһܿʹɵ۶ϵƱøˣ˸ǿϢ
Դˣĺ⣬ڴԼڱԴܳɳʲôΡ
㵽ˣϢ
˹ʱ컹ѹϢ̲ס𺳣ʵЩǿᡣ
ѽǿأ
С̫Ҳ˹ĵͬʱѾɹ٣ʱòˡ
콫ɵڣСһСԴЦСһˡ
ζ٣Сһͨɲȥ
ѽ
СһӦ۾״ɰ
Ц£ƫͷط
ʱΪɽٵĹϵԲǧڵȫòƲƲرʮɣлƮһ˿ĻϢ
ʲô
ʵ
ѰһΪʵĹУҪõ

ˣôһ¡ͷʵǶʲôţ
ľ̺޾

ⶫͻʥԴһҲޱȺѾȥ޾µˣֻҪһ˿ʶڣľҲ֮ܽʥҩ
ǿʿ֮ҲǲˣԽսһࡣ
һսֲܿΪԵʱԵġ
ԵһսǶκξʿԣջ
ЧС̫˵£޶ǳԾ
ǳ
ۡ
ȥ޾µˣ»һ˿ʶҲ֮ͬʱʿκβεʿԵһսĺܾˡ
˵ǳԽ۾ĴڷⶫҲȫȥᡣ
֪ʲô𣿿֪ӦѰң
졣
ڵĵطϢǳŨŨʲôӣȻ֪
Ͼƹ֪ҪѰľȻȻи֪ľһЩϢķʽʶС
£кС̫뿪ططȥ
Եǰ㣬ľڵĵطܱߵϢضᳬǿʢֻȥЩϢȽŨĵطѰҡ
ǳ嫣ɽʣһһ
С̫бѰңת۱ǰʱȥ
ʱǰ߹˼ŨĵطȴûѰľѰһЩ̺ҩǶԼֵ
䣡
һ죬һϢŨɽʱǰǳ˵ܲźԶһɹǿĳٹľ
ǰսϢѹСЩ΢ˡ

̧ͷΪۣΪﵽ񾳣ƽʱȻĿǷǳǿ⳯ܳķȥ
ԭֻĿһȥʱȴ΢ݣһŮӺһͷ棬ܺһƬƬռ䣬ŮԴƣȾŲѪɫЩס

ϳŮӣǰС̫ƬһҪɱǣŮΪ˵궯֡
𣡡
쳹ʮǰԶŮսһͲӴҲңͨ帲ڵۼףһޱȼӲĸоһ£𶯣Ǳ˴ƬգŮƷȥ
ŮӱƷɳȥԶסΣŸסΣߵޱǸٶȼ죬ֱ̽ʵצŮץȥŮӵɫ䣬ΪʱסΣӦԡ
쿴һĻȻҲ֪ŮӦһǶˣٶȺܿ죬һǿ絽Ůǰֱ̧֣һȭޡ
һ̣ȭͷץצֱײһ
ۣ
Ѫˮɽ޵צķѣֱӱĺɡ
û°ɣ
ͷŮӵ
Ů׼лݺȴǲɵþ£㣡


1871 Ԫ
ŮЩȣ뵽Ȼطּ졣
ͬʱҲΪһȭͽ޵һצԾȻ֮ǰħӶݵһζȭѾ֪ǺǿͷȴǺܿ£ħӻǿ쾹һȭͺ˶Էצ
ǣħӻǿ
ףǸŮޡ
С̫ʱҲ˹ŮӺ㶯ݡ
սʱŮΪ˵Ȼ㻹ǵá
𣡡
Զɵվӿ˵׹⣬ֱӱٴ˹
֮һʮռ䶼ŤѹһУϢˡ
ǿͨ۷
졣
쿴޳û⣬ŮӵȵϢ£ҽ
䣬ֱӱǿ˳ȥֱӣһȭѹ¡
˵һ죬һȭѹ䣬ʮռͳսһ
޺ǿ֮춼ɵò죬֮һ嶼ˡ
ԣȻ㲻ʲô
ȭ˴˿˿Ƶĵ绡ÿһȭ¶ǺƬѪдƬۼױҵĴ䣬ȫֵס
ˣ
ŮӲɵֶݣԾȫѹס޵ͬʱҲԼоΪ̶ȣȻѾ֮ǰİ벽δﵽ
ﵽ񾳺ñ֮ǰħӶȭʱǿһʵѹɵѹͷޡ
ͬʱЩ˸ڣȴֲ۷弶ǿ߶ܶ࣬ʵ𺳡
飡
飡
飡
ǰ򵥳ȭһδϣֱһ죬޽ڽںˣʺѪһƬһƬƮ֮ϡ
ǽͷǿȫǶ֡
𣡡
ŭˣб̻һʱ佫Ƭո
ŮһæˣıԴ򶼿ջ٣У
֮ǰ³˴شԲŲϰˡ
ܻ򣬵ԹԵЦǣǶ
һȭƣнɫӿȻǴס
Ѿܾûʹùˡ
ŽɫĴһΪȵӿͱײһ𣬶ʱž졣
漴һ̣׵ȼת۷յһɶ֡
ֱӴ̲סĲҽУڵϣŴ
ٻٻĽǡף
ŮһϳĻ档
Ȼ棬ǴܲϽܷٻһУؼǿļ֮һû뵽쾹Ȼӵ
໣
Һϴͨ屻֣𶯣ҪϵĻ棬ȴһ˿һҲûС
ӺڲҺУٻٵһɶ³
ҲʱԶݣޱԴ׷ǸطȴһȭͷСĹţ֯кŨ
̧֣֮ץдЩ档
ͬʱŮӳԾͷӵܷٻ֮ǿޣȻôУǿ
漴ȣǰԣ΢΢ʩ񣺡л
ѱ
תŮӣﲻؿ
Ůڲʶǵ¶Ϊ˵кøУԷѣȻȻҪ
䣬еĵǹչֳŮӵ˵ʲô
˵еĹǴƮ̺кܲ׵ȴǲ֪ʲôţŮӦ֪ⶫ
ŮЩ죺㲻֪ʲô
һμ֪
ʵ
Ů֮ǰطǴ֪ˣ֪ⶫʲôҲ
Ԫ
˵
Ԫ΢΢ݣʵǣ
ͬʱС̫ɹеĹţҲŮӡ
Ůͣʹе޵ȳУɳڵʹһԱ۳ԪеֹţеڵԪʱɢʿֱ֮Ϊżá
ŵǿ߽һ㣬ǻɱǿޣȡЩڵԪ֮׳


1872 
ŮӵĻɵ΢΢ݡ
еⶫԪȻȴãֱΪͬʱ֮
ö
˫۶ʱ⣬Ǳ
ǺܺãֻµʿãﵽϺ󣬱ΪǿһΣҲűúܴ⣬ЩԪǾ𲻵ʲôá
Ůӵ
ͷ仰˵ˣǿҲ
Ůӵͷ
¶âôһ˵ĴڣԺˣΪﵽ߶ȣ£һʿĺѵס
ˣ֮ǰʲôأЩУʵΣ
ʵ
ǸոսƬʱһŮӳơʸеĴ嶼ѾˡеĴ֮ܶ࣬ҪѰľƻỨϲٵʱ䣬ԣȻбҪ˽һЩ¡
ǰǧĴ塣
Ůô
ſڣǸǰǧģЩ壿
֪ؼ˵Щ壬ԼЩľȴȫ֪
ŮǲɵЩԾˣŹֵʵôǿ󣬾֪𣿡
֪
ʵ
֪ͬ
͡
ѽ
С̫۾ŮգգٲȻҲǱźһ˼
Ůӣ
һʱ򶼿ҰУٲȻ汦㡣
壬ָؼĴкָֻܶ࣬һ塣ȴֻʵǰһĴ壬Щ³ָǰɡ
ô
Өʶʶзɳͬʱָ졢С̫
Өʶ£ս塢塢Ο塢塢ħ塢塢ľ塢ɲۣԺܾޣУǧڵ壬ǿһۼǿ򣬴޾¡
Щʱ֪࣬ȴҲ˶ɵЩŹ
أ
ʵ
ŮӳָǵʶаƬؼǰһĴ壬ǰļ壬ҲͲ򣬶ңǿҲֻǳۼ𣬿ɻ壬п۷򣬵ǣȴûǰһĴ֮ڣȻȻЩ档
ǿǳǿеĵһҪǿǿܶ౶Բ֮ڣڤ塢塢塢а岢Ϊ˵е塣Ůô˶䣺˵⼸¹ϵˣңƺƬظϲĳֽܵϵأ
⻰ȻԭƬرǴ˵е֮һ
Ůᵽϲ磬ԼϲĳֽܵϵԴ˲ԾΪ֮ǰʮʥʹƬǡµ硱һȻȻƲĳԷԡϲ硱ͬʱҲȻȻԿóڵĻǺ͸ϲĴŽϵ
ڤ塢塢塢а壬壬Ǻڤ졢תʥа̫йذɣȥƺܹԵϡ
ʲô
ŮֹЩʵ
ûʲôЦҡͷ˶뵽Щʲôʵǣأ֪ΪʲôҲǰһ֮ڣ
ƬǰһĴ֮ڣͻȣͬʱΪ壬ȴҲͬû֣壬ŮӳǴ˵е֮һҲᵽ壬ûĴڡ
ôʣҲǲɵÿŮӣղҲ⡣
С̫ʱȻȻҲǶŮӿϾ塣
֪壿
ŮЩԾ
Զݣ֪ŮΪζԾ˵żȻ˵Ǻǿ󣬲Ȼ
Ȼ˵ԼһеС̫壬Ҽʡ
Ȼܴ˿£µˣضǳŮӿڣ鶼ú֣أҲżȻеԼһ֪ĺ٣һĴǽɡ
ɣͫ΢ʲô˼
С̫壬һ壿
ʲô˼ҲҲֻ֪һ峬ǿԱǳϡ٣ѪȴǷǳ޵УȻ嶼Ҫ£ֻд˵еֻܹʤ֮
Ůӵ


1873 ԩ·խ
ŮӵĻ춯ݣҲǶݣǲɵÿС̫
С̫Ϊ壬ѪǿǶ֪ģֻȴ֪һ徹Ȼǽһ塣
ѽ
С̫ӭ񣬽գգۡ
죬
ôСֻôȣ濴ƵϽɡ
ֹ
˶٣ŮӶСһ֪Ĳ࣬Ҳûжʣ£´ټʿһʣӦû֪ĺϸ
һ£Ůӵˣ֮ǰᵽϲ磬֪йϲһЩ£
νϲ磬ȷʵǺܺ档
֪һЩŮӵ֮ϣһΪڣĺޱ޼ʣƬҲ˿СĴ˵統ĳϴսµһ
ʲô
⻰쵱ݣ̲סгӲûɳ
ƬҲ˿СĴȻֻǴµһ
һܻһ˿СĹôǴõж嫣
⡭
һ޶Ǳסˣ̫ˡ
΢΢һʵǣ紦ںδô룿
崦ںδ֪ô룬ᵽһЩǵÿ۾βܸ֪Ĵڣ󷽿֪νС
Ůӵ
ǶݣҪ۾ܸ֪Ĵں֪ν룿
Ӿãν磬ĺܲ
˶٣ŮӼʵ۾Щ󾳽磿ôţԼЩò˼ԼһģѾ˶Էö⣺ǸǸʵǶЩֺ֪
ûµġŮЦֿڵ۾ʲôΣҲҲֻ֪֪۾յ㡣

ΪЩʧΪŮӻ֪۾֮¡
ʲôûϵģֻҪ֪ģ˵ģΪ𡣡
Ůӿ
캹գŮôѯû⣬Щ˼
漴룬ЦĻмµʣǣҽ졣
Լ˶Էһ⣬ȴһֱѯʶԷ䣬Щʧ
Ů΢㶣һЦԵ󷽣壬֪
ͷʵֻһ˽
ţ֪һˡ
ҲǣãֻǽʱΪĥң໥Թ⽫Ƿɢˡ
֪
ĲһƬεŨּ֪ЩеԪݸ֪Ц֮ǰͷһʼĿɣԪ㡣
֪ɵ÷°ۣն޾ңԪҪ
ͬʱ֪ԪܽԪЧóַӣ徭εݳķʲôܣ϶֪ȷΪ֮ǰطǴ֪Ҳ֪Ԫʲô
գԪͬʱٴ֪ллԷЧԪķš
Ϊڵ֪ԪЧúǾʹѰľͬʱԼС̫һҲնɱеޣȡЩڵԪΪû֪֪ȷţ֮ȡԪֻǼֱӵǰһȡԪЧͻۿۡ
𣡡
һƬɽڵ޲٣о˵
ʱԶһͷҵĹݳ֣ͨŵɫطϴŲѪˮë˺ܶ࣬˺صˣٶȴǳĿ죬дžźͷŭĹ
ͬʱವƿӰѹ
ٶȵǺܿ죡ڱǰӲˣԹñȡԪ
УΪ׵һЦһ˿Ϳԡ
ٶҲܿ죬׷ڹݵľ벻
ôڹӭķȻȻ꣬ǲɵһ㶡
Ӵԩ·խͻ񾳾ˣ
ҲǿǸ꣬ͬ£̲סЦ
ѽС̫ǿ꣬ĵ
꣬Ȼħɣ֮ǰǸΪʱԷֱӾͶɱǣԴˣСһǺܲˡ


1874 Ϊʲôô
ңϴѪٱӣɺ׷󣬶ΪѹŨ

С̫Ļֿڵ
쵱ȻվԭأʲôҲûУ˦־һɫĽ
һ̶صת۱ǰ
ɴ󾪣æƣܿһͣ
ͬʱ꣬ҲǸͣ¡
ʲô˸ҷӣӶ֣
ɺŽâնķȥ
ǿ졣
㣡
һ˲䣬¶ɭĹ⣬ɱʮ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ȻҲϳ죬ΪǰɶɱʱǾԱߣһС
ǰЩɥ֮Ȯ̶ֻӣȻֳǰ֣ЩͻȻıӵˣһΣ׼ô룿벻˺ǲǻӿͷ
һЦź£̺
Ŀƿˡ
ӭĿ⣬Цôˬǲɱңɱ
䣡
̶˵Ļ΢һɫŸͰԵֱ֮ӽ֡
۵һ˵ըҽжûüѪˮûһΣֱӱɫ˸ɻ
³
Ц
֪ݣȻ֪ǵɫǳ֣֮ô׾ͻɱ˿ڵħ꣬ɵЩԾϾ˿Ǵڸ߶ȡ
һ꣬ҲǶݣԭԼһĺʱҲЦʱϵıȴֱӽסˡ
⡭
һǴڣȴȻͱĨɱˡ
ʲôս
ɵɫøɭ쾹Ȼ棬ɱħһˡ
ˣֲֻСӸٴγǰʱ򿴳ľ磬ɭڣȻЩͣǳӣ
첻˵ʲôֱӳԷȥ
һ̣ĲĿһһӰת۱ǳǰֱӵһƳԷȥ
ʼǳӣۺʱ
ɾȭͷͳȥȭ˴˿˿Ƶڹ⣬Ϣˡ
˵һȭǿʢնһǰ졣
תۣһһȭײһ
飡
һƺߣŵŵɵģɵ𿪣һ˳ȥʮԶͣ¡
һĻŵֱɫħӣʱһĻЩţһӣΪ۷壬ǿޱȣһȭһ࣬ȴǱĺʮԶǸ࣬ȴһҲ
ҲֻͲˣ
쿪ڵ
⻰һ󻹻ŵǸٴαɫղŵһƣǰྐྵȻֻôܣܽһӻˣ
֪Ҳݣ֪Ƿǳ£֮ǰ۷޻ǿһɺԼֻȴ̲ס𺳣ƣ
֮ǰԸͷʱԶûóȫ⣬֮ͬ壬Ҳ˰ɣ
Ծ
סΣЩȻһαĺˣɶԷȴȵվԭûжҵԼֻʹѡ
װǻƣ
ɭȻţһڵ࣬ƾܽԼˣǼֱЦ
ԶͷѪĹʱٱ׷ɱ죬ٴζ룬һ۱ʧ١
Դˣǿˣȴûʱֻɱ졣
䣡
ӿڹⷭӿֱȥԴͨѹ¡
ӣ

ڹһȫ۶Ϣˡ
ϵıûκα仯ӭϣһƺ
˵һĳûκεƣȫǴһ˲ǳɼͨƲ䣬ȵɵ֮ϡ
£۵һѪˮĽɰֱӱ飬ѪˮرϵһЩɫɻȾһƬ죬ɳȥԶһײʮľͣ¡
㡭
ӿѪ죬־ŭ
ǣ쾹ŵͨһŭǣеĳӸ˰
Ҫ֪ı̫ħޣѪޱȴԶͬɱȣϱǿߵѪˣȻȻǺǿ֮ͬ嶼٣ȴȻôױֻͨ
ȫ˵ľŭƽŶԷȥ֪Ϊʲôô𣿡
Զɨ۵رЩѪɫİ׻ɻش𣬴ѪȾġ
ԱߣС̫գգۣĲѪȾġ


1875 Һú
С̫Ļɶʱ㣬С̫ġѪȾġʵ̶̫ˣǳ
ͷǣ
ɿ޸ʱʱ죬ܣС̫ѹȥӿ
ߣ̧־һƣԷС̫ĵķ顣
漴ٴαԷ
߳
Į
䣬ֱ̧֣һƳȥ
˵һֱӱˣתۼ䵽ǰ
飡
һ죬ٴαɣը鿪ѪˮԵЩĿ
֪һĻɵٴ¶ݣֻڶѣƾŴ֮ȴȻͽ۷һˣЩˡ
ɵһħǷһӣֱˡ
ӣ
ԵøܷطĴض
ϢһȻǿҲԶݣϢȷʵܿ£Ȼѹ
Ȼѹܴ󣬻ԶԶûдﵽĳ̶ȣûʲôˡ
ٶȺܿ죬һβԴǹɱǼͨӶȭŶԷ¡
ˣ
ӶȭɫȭƵ俪ɼܣ۵һɵؿڻ¸ѪˮطĵرȾһƬ
ӣ
ɵǸ̲סг
ؿڱѪˮʣԶסκ۾Щˡ
ħӣ۷Ϊȴһڵһˣ
𣡡
ſҰް˻
漴ֱԻ壬һͷħޣͨ鲼ɫƣɭɭ·Խ˷ˣܱ֯øӵĿºͺˡ
ɱ
ֱӳȥ
΢˫ۣԷԻħޱԱ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ౶ʱ򾹴ѹ
ֻǣɲ⣬ûмɵһߣֱӭϣٴλӶȭ
㣡
ôȭһһȭâ֮ɵħޱս
䣡
䣡
䣡
˼ҽ棬ܶƬĹɽеĴ׳ľһƬһƬ
תۣȽӣӵʱ˽¡
ʱƣɵ¶˳Ի壬սҲǱȲ죬ʼڽڰˡ
飡
һ죬ȭֱӽɺصף̧־һƬϡ
¡һûصֱըɻȾѪֱӵصɶϵʯȾ˸ס
ﬣ
ӽɫâˮ׹䣬۵ĽɶѪˮƬ
ɾŭ˻ĳ桭
飡
ǰһϣĻֱӽ֮ɣмҳħݴӿرѹ˲١
ɡˡ
֪Щ˸Ϊħһӣ۷壬ħڰ˰ٶλȴȻڵʿѹƣȫǶ֣ʵľ

Ц

С̫Ÿ͡
ǰƺ߲ϴսеڣѾȫǶ֣һȭһȭУ̵ħѾǳѺۣѪˮȻҲȫǶ֣Իȭҵķ顣
񡭡ӣ⣬ôܣ
ɵǸħ귢һӣİˣ
ģȭͷϵϴƽȭŽɫܣֱѹûκλء
һ̶УԻȭһӴȭӰɺڵأһϣֱӲȶųɵĹͷ
ᣬ˵˵ԡ
Žµɣǳƽ
ѪĿ죺ɱңħ嶨壡
вңЦЩмҺú¡
䣬וּһֱнɫ콣ֱֶĳɵͷ­ն¡
ס֣
ʱһ𣬲ԶһȺŮʮ֮࣬˶֣дƬֱӳط
ӿٶȺܿ죬ǿǳ
гնµĽɫı䷽򣬽ֱն顣
ҲʱವģʮŮǰ֮⡣
ſ޵ѣ
һۣϢǿ۷塣
֮ͬ䣬дǳ֮£֣δЩ̫ˡ
ˣ
ʮҲڣΪԲǴ۷塣


1876 񼶿
ڣʱϣ嶼˲ٵӽЩӱλ򣬸Ӧطзǳ˵𶯣ǳһȴ뿴ɱѹ˵ĳ
ʲôſ֣
ȿڵٴκȵ
ͬʱʮŮҲſڣǳ죬Ͻɷſ
֪ʱ򿪿ڣ죺ǵ塢ɷĦ塢ûȴʿеħ嶼ҪһЩħѣ¶ԷԴ˺ϵ˵ǶǸᣬΪѾڶһħ֮ʱɣһ飬ΪħǺôС
Եͷ˲ͨ
̧ͷʮŮ˵ûǣҺɵĶԹǴʲô⣬ֻһλᣬжԶԶ
⻰һʱʹʮŮһ䣬̫ţͬʱʮҲ̬
λ֣Ҫ֮ϻɱӣ嶨л
һħɭʱô۷弶ǿ֣߳Ϊһ˵һҲ֪Щڴʲô⣬ǵӦðȫˣϾǿҲһסʮ۷ЩпкüʥŮսǵ١
ģֲ
ʮУ
Ű裬ҲԹԷſ֣ûʲô˵ˣնˡ
һô˵
һ֡
һ˵
Աߣ̶ǵͷһ֣Щ
ЩҪɣϵԺôСʵҲ֪һ£ǱǣܹѹɣսԲǿǵһһϣֲʲôãԣһѵѡ񣬾԰ȫ
£ʮֱӶˣ붯֣Լܴ
¡¡ģʮܺһ໥ϣɵɱǿʢˡ
ĿȺˣûκο˵ģӡ˴ɽԭأһǿ˳ȥֱӻӶȭʮɵ
ˣ
һ죬һȭѹ䣬ʮ˼ܴȫҵķ顣
ͬһʱ䣬ȭƲƿһƬϡ
۵һ£ֱķ顣
㡭
˴󾪣ɿؾ۳ֱӺˣû뵽һȭֲ֮ʱͷƤˡ
ߣֱ̧֣ⷭӿӡٳأһѽ֮ץס
ˣ
ס˵Ĳӣ콣â£ӾɱϢҪ˵ͷ­ĥ塣
һ̣΢¶һ˿Це콣âʧתһѪɫĵӡֱӴ˵ڣһԷһߡ
ٴζˣǲʩչٶȫһӰطƶʮ˷Ϊ͵Ĺʮ˾𺳵ıУķѰʱʱ佫ʮȫſ£עһѪɫĵӡ
⣬ôܣ
ħǸӱɫ̲ס
ʮ۷ǿߺһ𣬿ȴȫɨƽ
֪ҲǶݣһʶǿ󣬷֮ǰǵ͹ˡ
ս֮ǰʮӣҲ˶ˡ
𺳡
ʮˣʱȫɨƽ˼صˣ̲סƺߣѪı鶼һȻɵ÷
ǰ̫ǿˣʮ˺ȻжȫŲס
ɨʮˣʱ򿪿ڣʴһ£ɱǣ֮ʵʵΪȥռԪÿÿٸҴʮԪ
⻰ʮһ㶣¶ŭݡ
ҪǸ㵱ռԪɣ
˼ԻĴۡ

ʮ˸Ӿŭҧȴûȥִ
ã
һôֻôӦ죬ΪǲӦǾֻ
ֻǣǴӦͬʱȴЦ
Ǵ˿̴Ӧˣ֮뿪ȥռԪֱԶԶ뿪Ƭһȥˣѵһȥ׷ɱǣ֪֮ģ
쿴ʮ˵ı飬ῴǴ˿ڰʲộǲɵõ΢΢𣺡Ҳһ룬ʱӦӦȥ֮뿪طҲʱô죿Բԣô˵ţŵȰǣñô棬򣬺ء
˵ţֽӡ΢΢˸
£ʮһȫĲҽڵϾҵĳ鴤


1877 ˵˭ûƵ
Ĳҽ쳹طʮſڵϲסĴ
һĻʹС̫֪Ƕݡ
㡭ʲô
ʮſУڲҽгֵ
ûʲô˵㶾ӡڶѡ쵭Цڣ綾ĸӡУǲֻҪĸӡǾͻʹֱĸӡǾͶꡣ
֮ǰԭ׼ֱնʮˣһ룬࣬ڶԪЩԪֱΪʹңΪؼĴ۶ɣκθãˣԪС̫ͶмֵһβѹЩˣЩȥΪռԪ˶󰡣οҪѰľҲúķʱ䡣
ǣı⣬ûɱʮˣ׷ڴ롶ҩ䡷мصһֶӡĸӡƿУֻҪԸ⣬ֻҪԼƿصĸӡЩڵĵӡǻֱӱ飬ɵҪЩ˵ЩӵȥҲûãΪӡľѪӾ⡣
㡭¶ôˣ
ʱûٶĸӡһ˵ʹཥɢȥǾŭ
ûֱɱǣǹˣ֪㣬ǿֱɱҡ
бǵ
㲻ɱΪǸ
ʮŭ
ǣֱɱǣ

˵ţ𶯾綾ĸӡʮ˶ʱٴδǷĲҽС
סס֣
ҡΪռԪס֣
ʮڲҽд󺰡
бǣͣĸӡͺˣǵóԵͷŷ
ʮ˵ľʹɢȥ죬ɫޱѿ߬ȭͷǷŭǰûڣŭ쾹ôǣûԼһ˲ӦΪ˴õһЩôˮ³Ҫ˵
С̫һĻĻǵۡ
С̫ˣүϲֱ̫вˣ
̲סЦ
ڣڵԪǱǶдãѹôʮ۷񣬲ɱЩˣ¾綾ЩȥռԪɱԼȥռԪٶȾҪ첻٣Ͼ˶󰡣ңЩ˶۷
֪ЩĿ࣬ҲǱһĻסˣȻôʮˣпкü˶һЩӰ֮ȻҪ䵽
ɵǸħҲסˣǰһĻ̫ˡ
ʱӡѹŵǰ
û
ʵ
¶˱壬ܱӡѹԶȴûа෴ɫӵ׿񣬺ܿҪڣ÷˱ӣ򣬱㣬Լйصˣ
ӴŻви˲𰡣˵˭ûƵģŲ۽Сӵı̬ʦȥħһˣַħȫ
Ц
úϻʲô㡣
쿪ڵеһʱ۳ɫĽû˿ԥֱն¡
ɾŭ𣺡ס
ۣ
ѪˮĻ۳ĽɫΪ콣еһڴͨҼնԷͷ­ֱӱʶꡣ
˲䣬ɱû˶
һĻʹʮѹ˶ӡſ̲סһ
ħһӣ쾹Ȼֱɱˣ
㡭ˣҰӡһһħ꾪֣ǺڲŹģһ֮أ
ƫͷˣûʲô˵ģһֱһɫ۵һķǣһѪˮû£
ˣ֮ǰĶʮֱɱǽһħˣ˿飬ֱĨɱ
ɵӴڵϣѪˮȾ˲ٵطкСֱ̫Ӷ֣طʮѹ˶ӡſ֪ĿɿڴУɵˣܵһ𿪿
ɫ͵οʼһպ͵ķ졣
⣬⣬⡭
ʮſֱ£۾ֱˡ
֮ǰǾ˵ˣҪն㣬ԭΪֻ˵˵û뵽쾹Ȼôˡ
һʱ䣬ʮֻо궼ð̲ס£ֱǸ˰Ǵûôݵˡ


1878 ʳ⣬Ѫ
ɫ͵£һ͵죬תط㴫
ܿ죬ħ졣
ѽ
С̫νտǳϲ˫ģֱӱǿԡ
żôһ٣Ĳ
߳Աߵ
ȡһЩݸ֪
֪ۣҡͷûʲôøУҲԶԷ
ûǿۿǵʮŮԾ͹ÿŴ²
⻰ʮ˵ǲɵö¡
ҪҪҪ
ʮҡͷŵˡ
ħӵ쿾죬ǳˣԺħ֪ǿɾͲˣԻд鷳
бһۣǾ͸ɻռԪȥ˵ţŵǣԼȥⶾ˽ⶾûãҲⲻۿԽ⿪֪ǸϼһǽǶΪ꣬вעǣҲȥǰﲻǡ
֪ǵ֪
ÿһԪһΪܲˣʱΣ
˵
ʮ˸ɫѿŭȴҷֱӱǵͷ뿪
֪һĻɵõۣʮ۷лмǸӣôǿȥɿΪռԪǡ
ԼԴû˿⣬С̫طĿޡ
񼶵ҰζĺãŮޣ治㣿
֪
治á
֪һڻؾԡ
ܿ죬һͷĿħޱȫһѹͷ
Ҳʱ֪׼ȥˣռԪ
쿪ڣԷһʮ񼶵ĿΪռԪ֮ռԪָ֪һ֣ȴǱˡ
ллĺ⣬ҲǽռԪ޲Ҳһ붼ĥ¼
֪ô
ǲǿЦźͶԷĿͶԷ뿪
С̫طʱת۱һȥʮſȺˣܹٶŵԪɢŴܡ
ٽ
⣬ô
ʮ϶Ųٵˣ޲ɱռԪĹµģġǼȲޣ߲ѣȴǲҶ˵ʲôֱӵͷߣ̫Ŀ졣
ЦҲ⣬ٶԪԼ֮ǰȡһԪеһָС̫ƽʣµһ롣ΪΪﵽ񾳣ԪûߣС̫Ȼûﵽ񾳣ȴ磬ΪָСһԪҪԴãΪá

໽С
£һͬʱطԪֲͬĹط衣
ܿ죬һȺԪϣΪǱǿһЩЩ
󣬱ϾֵԪࡣ
ⶫǺñôΣүͻƵڸ߶ˡ
˷ܵ
ʱţһ޴طʮռԪ
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱ䣬һȺԪԪΪֱӴڴﵽ۷壻С̫ԪͬʱУﵽ˰벽۷壻ͬʱԪΪʹڵøΪǴﵽС̨׵ľͷѾûжپ룬ܿܿ롣
ͬʱʱȥѰľټûʲô
ѾΪռԪˣڼ䣬ԼȫûҪΪռԪʱ䣿
¹ȥ붾ӡڵʮſʵ̲סˣҧгݵ졣
ʱǲˡ񡱣ÿÿռٵԪ͵ⶾӡ֮ǵֻ⡰񡱾Ѿľ˾ȫûпȥΪԼƴǳΪռԪĹߣʲôʱǸͷ
бһۣȻռռﵽ磬û𣿡
ʲô
ռǴﵽ磿㡭̫ˣ
ʮ˾ŭ
ƽǻĴۣǲԸĸ
䣡
ͻȻͬĩմ㣬Ļ
һɹâͻأĶȼӿΪһӰÿһӰɢǿϢ񼶸߶ȡ
ǣҲȥһȫնʳ⣬Ѫ
һĮ𣬼ӿֲ˵ѹһʱ񷶼ҡ


1879 ۲
Į쳹˵Ϣ񷶼
Ϣ
ۼĴף
춯ݡ
ͬʱУһЩȥڣƺǿͳߣڽеǿ߲ǿ߽նɱһͷͷȡԪУͳɳСԽеΪĿ귴
ವģ򣬸𣬽ԼӼϢ
ͬʱУ޵ĺХǰδеļңʮҪض̮ݡ
תۼѣֻǸƬһɹɾ˵ܲƵ֮ǰͬӰУвѰ˽ߣڴʱսֱӿʼѪȵɱ
ǡ˰
̲סۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ѹ˶ӡʮſʱҲǶʧɫ
⡭ͬڣ⡭ôܣ
ľһ㣬һЩЩš
Ϊһֱӵأÿһ¾ͻǿ߽Уûз澹Ȼǿڣ񣬸ǰһĻ֮ǰǵĮзмǿڡ
ôҲǲСٵĹһЩڣʲôܵģ
бӿڵˡ
⻰һ˲䣬طһӰ֣ͦο࣬źܿ񱩵
Сƣ
ӰΪһģϣԸӵ̬һˣ̧־ǴƬâ¡
΢΢ݣ̫ͻȻȻһʱûܸоԷңԷϵϢܾˣΪȻоһɲѹ
ɫâ֯ӦٶȺܿ죬С̫ưɡ
ͬʱҽʮûǰķӦٶȣһʱǱɨµĴƬâУûһ˿סȫ˷ֻҡ
һĻʹǶݣʮ˿ɸǾ۷ΣȴȻͱȫ
̧ͷͻȻĶϵ꣬ɵ΢΢ۣ˿˿Ƶ˫и
һЩֲּնʮ۷Укü˶Ǽӡ
Щľ
С̫ɵõۣϵӣ治һǿ
ϲҵȣҵһ·ɱɳΪսϵſϢе˿Ҳڣ죺㻹㲻Ȼܿ˸ղŵһͨǿһЩ
˵ţ̧֣âУɴ֮ɫȻͨǿһЩȴϣԶϣǵʬѪˮƬصķϡ
䣡
У̺Ϣâһֱĳᴩ¡
գᴩ
ûжֱһƳ͵һԷɱĵķ顣
ţ궯ݣⶼܵ£治һϣȡ
ৣ
ƿ𣬴Ļ˲Уǰ
ͫһΪȿµٶȶ㡭
ž
̧־һƣŽɫ⣬ֱӽ֮ɣر֮ϡ
漴һ£ֱһŲڶԷؿڣ϶Էعǡ
СǱʮǿ٣Ҫǰᡣǰ㻹㲻ʲô
ӶԷĳԷıΪһࡣ
˵ڴ飬ûһ壬ࡣ
С굱ŭѾҪ벽ˣȻһڽŵףҳΪСϢһӱø񱩣ɱ㣡
ɭâĴػζѣмǿѹڹ
ıû˿仯̧ڶԷؿڵҽţһκݺݲ¡
һ굱Ѫ̲סƺߡ
Сʵ㣬Сǰ㲻ʲôûзء
б
겻ǿ󣬲ѾҪڵֻȣûʲô

ӿѪ񼶵ʿҲСޱ׿Ĺ⣬ɱʮ㡣
Ӵȥҵүҳ飡
ˬϳ֣ŶԷֱŶԷվһٺݳ飬ת۸ıס
ˣˣЩ
ѹס꣬ԴֱûԷʶУѰƬǷһЩǿ
֮ǰ֪һЩ£֪֪Ȼûбڵ֪Ķ࣬ҪѰľԽϸ˽ԽãֱѰľȻá
ˣܿǰӹȥ
вǿĴУ۲١
лЩâ


1880 ͨ
ѰʶвٵĹ崫УʵԲѪ룬ɽ趴Ԫ;Ż£ǿ߼ࡣ
ڼ򣬶ҲֹһˣǰʮĴԲ

һûʶڣһǶݣ˴ر֮ء
ͨȣ
лտտâ
˵ʶе֪ͨλƬΪϵһֻǱԵŻϢⶪһظɿݵľ֦˲ҶǵϢŨҵĻܾˡ
ͬʱʶϢвԼͨӰԻɽ͸ʵˣҲ֪Щɽ˶ٱʱӰΪͨͨʱŻ֣ͨҲ˶̺ء
ͨȻ̺أȴǼΪ£ƣط鲼ŷǳҷǳŹֵƬڵĺü۽ͨ̽Ѱ̤вãֱвҽû˶ڸڵֱ飬ЩС
ڱٸ̤ͨȣĴʡ
⡭
ͫ΢Ϊ¶ݣ󽫱Դʶջأ¼򵥵ĺС̫һ£ʹС̫Ҳǲɵþ¡
ͨȻͨʱŻ⡭ļٵģ
ۡ
Ѿ֪Զظϸ嫸ϵĴ磬۷۶֪νУƬڣͨʱŻ
ԲС֪֮ǰ˵ƬµһǺйˣͨ·Ǻֿܺڣ⣬һҺ⡣
ϢǰŨľڿľǷУ
ô
⻰һ⡭Ժܴ󣡡
ľڵĵطϢضŨͨȵһЩ£ǸطľĿԣǳ
ѽС̫ۣĵҪȥ
ͷȥ
ڴľĿ֪꣬һп̺ľĵطǸط۶ɹΣǵȥ
˵ܴ磬ȥϲ磬ǵкô޾
˫۷Ź⣬·ѾͨŻ
ñ򣬴ͨŻͨü۶ǸλãΧתһתǷľ
˵
ȥ磬Ҳڴ֪ͨ£ȥԶ˲٣ȥ
ʱ򣬱ѹֱѻ£Ѿȥֵ̧һֱָӽԷΪϵкС̫ͨȵķȥ
ʶУ֪ͨȵĺܶ£ͨȵλȻҲ֪
ٶȺܿ죬뿪طת۱гԶ
䣡
䣡
䣡
;ƬռӿڣطڴеǿߺڵĹǿڽ棬طڽѪвҽд
ߣ·
΢
ڴڵǿߣ϶ϢױʶûϢģȻȻߣⲿˣླҡ
ۣ
Զһڵ߱ն걻һڴڵǿһѾеУֱ顣

򴫳˵ĲҺһĴǿſڣһУâӿֱڿнɵ
׿񣡡
£Ƿ֮ǰĹʳѪ
С̫ۣӡ
û⣬ɵ˺ûκιϵкС̫·
ʳ
𣬲ԶߵĴǿ߿졢С̫һ˿Цֱſڣձǳӿȡ
졢С̫һʱ䱻֣ųŶԷжȥԷȻҪͬղǸ߰㣬Ҳ븹С
챻УֱӶ֣նǸǿ߱һȭ
һһĿĹȭ˱ĳ˳ŹϣûǴУ۵һԷѪͷ­һѪˮա
ĳӣŭ𴫳ߵĴǿ޸ͷ­ϵıһֱӿ˹̽ĥ̰죺


1881 Ծ趴
ĥ̰С£ߵǿٲȻǱ켤ŭˡ
¡¡ģ֮һƬƬ̮֮һߡ
Դˣıû˿仯̧־һӭϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽߵĴǿֱӱֱۣңһɴϣʹһը顣
ಣ
һΪǿߵ꣬¿죬֮ǰֱʧˣʱ¶һ˿塣
Ҳʱٴζ֣䣬һƳ
㣡ס
ۣ
Ž˵ֱӱ顣
һĻȻǱʿˣߣбƬڵǿߣʱݡ
ʯֹŵصʯǧ̣۷壬ȴȻһɱˣ
дǿ¶ɫ
Դû⣬ֱкС̫뿪ͨȶȥ
Ҵߣ
ն
𣬸ٴǿֱΧʮˣ磬û̫ĻʼһǶ֣Ǵ۷塣
һʱ䣬ʮǿӿӻ˵ƿһС
Ҳڡ
䵭˦־ǴƬĽɫ
ϵĴ̶صʮǿ߼İһʱǱ飬ͬʱɫᵴȥ۵ĽʮĺɣѪա
⡭
һʱ䣬Ĵʿ𺳡
ҲǶ𾪣һʮ۷Ǻεս
һӣ
⡭ʶ
Уáû˵ôһˡ
һֱֱĿ졣
һɨʮǿߣûȥɱ£ٴкС̫ųȥȥҪͨȵڡ
ͣ¡
Į𣬲ߴӰվһΪǿߣһֱڿ⸽һУע⵽죬ɱʯǧ̣һɨʮǿߣʱһ˿ڣ˹
һ޳ӣ˫â֯һͷɫͷǳҫۡ
ǡ趴ʥӣ˵ܿҪ߶ˣ
ʥӾȻ
ܣһڴǿ߶һĿھʥϣԴžη
ҪԶ֣
ϣһӰ£ͫʱ̣һѪɫߣһаС
ʹܵһڴǿǶݣѪӾȻҲ
;ʥһѪӣ˵ҲҪˣ
һڴǿ𺳣û뵽趴ѪʥӾȻ
趴Ѫ룬ɽλӴǿУʥһطȻǳԾ
âƣҲâƣȥһʥ֮У˿о࣬Ѫӵһᶯ֡䣬ĿϣƽǳҺͣԸΪЧҿɲɱ㡣
⻰һܣһڴǿһ
⡭
ӣҪˣ
ǿ߳Ծ
طһЩҲ˶ݡ
ѪҲЩ⣬뵽趴ʥӻҪ졣
ɨ۾ӣ˵ʲôкСֱ̫תߡ
ȷʵܿ£һ˿вУȴҲֻһ˿ѣ⡣
⡭ʲô̬ȣ
Ծ趴ʥӣ̬
ſˣ
ھʥӵĻ޷ӦתߣһЩǿ߶¶ɭ֮ɫǿʵ̫ˡ
ʧ˰ȫ㡣
ѪаЦŶԾʥӵЩ
Ѫӵʥӵıûʲô仯һƬĮ
Ǿֻնˡ
ʥӵ
䣬ʮռڣӿطɫĹӿ˳
ӿһ˵Ϣɢʹطһڴǿߺһ߶ǲɵĲϢ̫ڳأǿԽһѹ·Ĩǵǵ궼ɵþ
һƵӿ졣
ͣ½Ų΢΢ƫͷʥӡ
һ̣о˵ĴѹٲȻҪ֮ѹ
ֻһΣˣֻ
ʥӵĮ
仰䣬ܣֶѹ졣
ˣ
ܵþʥҫȴܾٲȻǴֱɱǱˡ
ٴǿ߱
ӿƬƬת۱ѹǰ
Զ㡣
Ҳʱ쿪ڣɫӿյİԵ͵Ľӿķ飬ңɫʥӡ


1882 ʵſ
ɫϢˡ
Ƶ˾ʥӵܣҡܷ
طһڴǿ߳ԾʥӿǾ趴һǿߣ趴ǿйŵ֮һһŵصͬǿߣ¼һСϢҲǺֲܿģȴǱ˵סˣһ˹ȥ
䣡
֮ʱھʥǰ
ʥ΢жݣһƽĵķ顣
ҵԤϣеĻҪٸһλᣬңΪЧ
죬ʥٴ㿪ڣƽȴһָ߸ϵ̬·Ƭصס
ҲһΣٸҶ֣Ը

䣬кС̫ٴ뿪
ʥл΢⣬ֱӶˣһ޾âӿ
һΣɫâûɲϢ֯Իƿɷء
ұϧţϧ㲻֪ô
ʥӵ
һ̣ɫâû޾ӰӰӰ´£ޱ޾ƺƵѹ죬ʵڵһ㣬һ֮Ҫһж̤
Ϣ֮ǰǿˣʹһ
ˡ
С̫뿪ԶһЩһȭŶԷȥ
˵һӶȭԵȭ⣬һɫȭ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ʥӼӰһһȭâַ顣
һεס˾ʥӣ
ʥѾǼȴǱ
࣬ôȭǿԺһУ
ܣһڴǿ߳Ծ
ѪҲٴζݣ΢˫ۣ࣬治
ʥӵǿ֪ģղżһҲܲȴǱһȭ͸ˣǵȭоЩľ
ʥӵıûʲô仯ֻʱ˲٣ŵ֮һľ趴ʥӣΪЧܣһڴʿ棬ζֶûѹ죬ԣȻǶ档
䣡
˲䣬ɫâøŨʼ֣ɫħӿѹ¡
ңוּһһڳ֣֯ƣԺܷ¡
ͳ죡
ʥӵıԴ۷
ǿһɫħָ֣측֣һ̲סü벽⣬Ϣ£궼ɵ÷
⣬ʥȫȫˣȻôֱӣ
𺳡
ԶС̫Ѿ뿪ԱߺԶ˿ӭϢǲɵӡ
ʲôˣЩ£Ϣֱǡ
¡
Ҳʱ¡¡ģʥӼħѹǰͳҲһѹ䡣
ܵȹǿҲԳԾʥӣǿ
ԷȻǿᣬȴɵ
ϲӲӲǾͿ˭Ӳ
Į
һ̫ľתɫâֱ콣һʱ䱻תݻĽɫ֮ڶݵĳԷնȥ
ңٴλӶȭȭâ죬ʮ졣
䣡
䣡
䣡
תۣ߽һطĵرһ̮
һαʮȥ
ߣ˭Ҳ˭¡
ꡭȫס˾ʥӣ
ôܣ
ܣһڴǿ߽ɫ
⸽һҲǳԾʱսסˡ
⡭һӣǰʮʥŮ˰ǰôû˵ôһ
һЩ𺳡
ʥɫҲôÿΪʱûʩչ⣬ѾǼȫ֮ûмܹס죬ȴȫסˣ˿
һߣ΢Ѿ˼ųɵսһİ벽Կסʥȴǵû¶˿ơ
ˣɱˣĺܿϧʥʱֿڣ֮ǰʱˣ㲻ԸΪãǾעֻΪɱ
䣬һԻʱʼȫ

򡢾ͳ𶯣Ӹͬʱѹ졣
һʱ䣬ӿš
⡭
ʥȫ
Ǹ࣬εסˣ
ܣһڴǿô˿죬ɵ¶Ц
ǵҰУȻһʬˡ
ȫǣǾʵſ£
Ҳʱ촫ɵĮ
һֻͼֱȻһԻ¡¡һ˲ǳʥӻӳ۷ͳɳȥǧԶ
ͬʱ챾һγڶԷǰֱһڶԷϣһĶУֱӽԷ棬رӴ󷢳һ졣


1883 Ѫӳ
һ죬趴ʥڵرӲĽҳһδӣ˶䵽˵ص֮£ʱ侪סطˣһڴǿߣ̲סݲ
˾ʥӣ⡭ô᣿
Щǿţ趴Ƭ˲֪õ£һһһˣ˽֣Ȼ뵽˵صס
ѪҲǳԾӲɵһһ˲˲Ķ죬Ŀƶ䵽趴ʥδǸλãȻ趴ʥӲͱܵ
䣡
ɫâ죬һɫӵص׳𣬽Ҫ񷶼ᴩ
趴ʥӴӵص׳ɫøѿˣþ趴ʥӣ趴ͬ޵УһΪЧܾҪĨɱûܳɹ񻹱ԷһƳϣɵصףһڴʿصףʹӻЩ죬оֱŭӿ
ɱ㣡
һͺֱչֳ壬һͷͨȼɫ
ʥӣȻչ˱壡
ǿһ
һЩǿ࣬ƽռ̬£״̬²չֳǵǿսЩǿս¶¶֮ʱ
¡¡ģʮ𶯣趴ʥչֳ壬Ϊһ̫ݣͨȼɫ棬·յһС
Ϣȸղǿ˽һݣĿ䵽ϣֹ֪Сܸܲ㶨
֪ǿ󣬲ʥչֳȴҲĺܿ£治̫϶ʤԷ
ԼҲ΢Ȼоʱľʥӱñ֮ǰǿˣıȴ˿û䡣
ɱ
ʥӵͺ𶯱ɱһλͳ죬һ
һ񷶼һƬ
о˼ǿѹǰĺڷʥӵƴĿҵ趯ȴʼһɫڡ
ˣ
ֻͼٴγȻһӿ֣תۼϳֻͼһȻϡ
͵ģֻͼ⣬ת۱ǽʥɫ
ʥӴ󾪣㡭
飡
߶ֻͼһ֮ǧԶдĿѪˮա
ûаͣһǱ˳ȥֻͼһѹ¡
ңͬһʱ䣬ȭһȭһȭѹ䡣
ϴֻͼѹƾʥӣȭͷһһεڶԷϣѪˮɽҲǱһһĴѷ졣

ʥӺХ¶ŭڣɫ
Ǿ趴һʥӣ趴һǿߣȴһڴʿǰһѹŴ򣬽Ҫܣܵˣ̬Լڵľ趴ҲøŶ
𣡡
ҰްøӻˣɫȼգҪطնȼǵһʿԲ
о˸ǿѹֻͼһμ
ңҲһֻͼͬʱʥӡ
飡
һ죬һΣʥӱɨɣѪ졣
ϣ˿ȭϻ䡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ȭͷ·һ㣬ÿһھʥϣƬѪˮ
ʥ˻ֶϧȴı䲻ս֣ȫѹŴ
趴ʥӣܡˣ
ô᣿
طһڴʿ̲ס
Զ̲סЦ
Ȼǿ
֣֮ǰܸܲ㶨¶ľʥӣȫǶˡ
ѽ
С̫ĳеٲȻڹԼ졣
ǰĻȭϺ䣬ֱľʥѪˮŽȾƬա
ʥŭ±仯ΣΪ¶˺ܶ࣬û̬ʱǿȭͷȭͷ״ı塣
ô˼ûκβԣȻȻ»ΣԱܿȭͷȭͷǲϵϣйͷѵϴ

һ£㽫ʥӵͷ­顣
漴н֯ӡǿķӡ𶯣ֱžʥѹ¡
ಣ
ƿյһѪ׶ֱĹüġ
࣬ĺǿƺĵЩأսʣ٣
ѪʱˣǴаЦûѪ׶üĵͬʱһѪɫӿ֣죬Ѫ׶һѹ


1884 ͨͨѹ
촫˿˿ƵѪɷϢͬʱҲĲȻһԲǵһͨΪʩչ
ƫͷɱѪӣûʲô仯
֮ǰ˺;趴ʥվһ𣬱Ǿ֪ԷھʥӽҪܵʱһֹ
䣡
ɫâʮһֱӳֱԷԷѪ׶һʱķ飬ΨѪɫڼᴩ
ѪЦѪɫܲԵ𶯣һ
Ȼķ˲٣սʣˡڣ󸡳Ѫɫϵ죬һֱӹ죺ҿɲ趴ʥǰ㣬û˼̫ˣֱطˡ
ģѪɫ˵ϢѪɷϢܹᴩһС
ȷʣ࣬Ը㹻ˡ

һֻͼٴԻȻֱУصҲҲֻͼڣֱ份ǿֻͼ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һѪӼѪɫ̼䱻ȫķ顣
㡭
ѪֱӱɫʱԱ֮ǰ;趴ʥʱҪǿ
˵ˣҲ㹻Ը㡣

䣬ںֻͼʩʩȻ𶯣ٴκѪӡ
Ѫӵͺ𣬸ִӭ졣
ײâ
飡
ʮһΣѪӱɨɣںֻͼ̫ǿᣬΪʩչ֮½Ժɨûм˿Եס
⣬Ĵ
⡭ʲô
;ʥӶսѾķ˴Ѫ۷״̬ɱϣȻҲУ
طһڴʿǷ
һڵҲԾ𺳣ȫǱս˸סˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
սУںֻͼѪӣͼ貣ϢϣѪֶҲԵֵһһεɣڿѪ
ﬣ
̶죬ʥڴʱһɱϣɫᵴ졣
һҲС
ƽ
ǿֻͼͬʱҲһʩչɫԲ䣬طһƬɫ׺ǵǿƥ
׺пͬʱսʥӺѪӣ¡
תۣһʱȥ
飡
飡
趴ʥӺѪӱɨɣǸֳܼѺۡ
ѪӵͺʩչѪľתݻŵѪӰӾŸͬķɱ졣
ͬһʱ䣬趴ʥչ־趴Ѫһ졣


һֻͼѪӵľŵѪӰʥӵľһν˻ĺԶ
ˡ
̧֣ӡգֱĳѪӺ;ѹȥ
ʥӺѪӵһʱ䱻У˲оķӡ֮ǵһ˲ܵ˴ޣжҲױƣѹ
һĻסһʿ
⡭
ѪӺ;ʥӣͬʱѹˣô᣿
һڴǿ߾
ͬʱһҲ𺳣Ϊʥ֮ǰֹɱ죬øĴһʿɵÿȥЩߵսͣԣҲͣ£ڿ;ʥӵĽ棬ѪҲս
ȹУǶ֪˾ʥӺѪͷΪƬµļеӼսǿˣڴͬкպ
ڴͬѷ꿹ֵǿߣȻһ̰ˣɱ죬ѹ
Ǻεȵս
֮£޵˰ңΪƺûڣ⣬ʼֱ

콫ʥӺѪһѹ̲סǺЦǺ޵֡
ѽ
С̫ĵٲȻڸ˼
ǰսУӡѹסʥӺѪӣĮĸˣ˫΢
趴Ѫ룬λǿ֮УڵҲ֪жԶԹŵڶвֹһۼϹ򣬵زɣˣ۵ǣΪŵصʥӣڵĹŵشжԣȻᡣǣ˵ҸǸԵĴҪǵ


1885 Ǭɱѹٵ
趴Ѫ룬ƬĹŵشУŵأôĻ۱ضˣʥӺѪӣŵȻҪ
һֱɱʵЩϧΪȡЩõĵر;÷ǳĴ
⻰һطǴǿߣһ
ⰡСӣ
˫۷Ź⡣
趴ʥӺѪԣɫޱȵѿŭ
˫˫սܣѾǹˣ쾹ȻΪ룬ȥǸԵĹŵأʵܣǸԵĴиŶ档
λ趴ʥӣ࣬ѾķѵļףûжսˣǶǸԴеţڶ֮࣬Իº趴ʥӽл
Ѫӿڵ
⻰һܣһʿǶݡ
⹷յģ
̲סҲܸоĳͬʱѹ¾ʥӺѪӣȷʵûʣ¶ˣطһڴʿа࣬ҸʵǴ񼶲ΣҪһϣϡĲǶ֡
Ѫ˵Ĳ˵ʣˣҵȺѹ
ԣ
Ҵ֦ͬλһϣȳʥӺѪӣ
ԭΪղź;ʥԼѪӶսһĻĻ⸽һڴǿ߶ǱŵˣΪǵսʵЩˣʱѪӵĻָоȷʵѾ΢΢ԣֶηֱӱѹȥϾȻܿ£ΪûгԽǺܶ࣬ɿݵ»ܺһ˶ԿǾԲܡ
񣬺ѹ죬Ǿܺ;趴ԼѪʥӳһЩϵԷһ飬£ʱȻԸ
ɱ
һ𣬸һڴǿȫ죬ʮ
˳Ǵ߶ȣǵƣò˵Щˡ
վԭأȷʵˣսʣ¶٣Դ˿̱սӦǿߣĵȷȷǵסǣȴ˿䡣
һ̣һطնʱһƸֶһʱ佫Բڵȫǣİʿȫ֡
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ɱƬռӿ飬ÿһǺţ·նһС
ʱ䣬İǿ߸ɫΪɱʵ̫Ũˡ
һ˲䣬Щͬʱѣһɱ޲ˣֱӱǴƬѪ
⡭
ɱ󣿣
˽Դ󾪡
һǬԪɱ󣿣Сӣʲôʱµģ
ǬԪɱΪһɱԭΪǿɱǣû뵽ȻطѾӡǬԪɱǵɱίʵԵЩɲ

ֵĲҽǰɱ⣬ն嵽ǰһڴǿһ˲ǽԱǱǬԪɱıͷܡ
㡭
ʥӺѪӵɫҲűˣŭѣȻµõɱǳ֮֡
ǶսĹУ˾طһڴɱ
ﬣ
ɱ罣죬ʮ䡣
վԭأ΢ۣĿŰǿһ߲Һһܡ
ܽ;ʥӴսĹУϵѪ֮һ֣ȻҲϵ˵ʣ¶ٺܵʿҲᳯѣΪһʼܴҪڴȫնɱԣһߺ;ʥѪӴսһҲǬԪɱ
ɱΪΣҪﵽڵΪûпȥҲƿˣӡͨʿܹס

ҺѪˮطһƬƬĽ䡣
࣬㡭գ
ɶ񰡣
ǿֿŭֻڣǸоȷʵѾףΪǺһѹ죬ѪӺ;ʥһ飬ȴ쾹ôһڳɱǾã˶ˡ

쵭
ǬԪɱʮɱеĴǿߣת̫ľ̫Ϣָʱ֣ǬԪɱУɱһһǿȫӡѹס
ǰˣʮͬĴУȻȲϾ趴ʥӺѪӣҲǸһżǸڵĴУӦҲԸ⻨һЩǵ



1886 
ôһˣֱɱʵ˷ѣʱ쿴ǿɶǱء
֮ǰѹʮߣԭҲдע⣬Щ˵Ĵ嶼֮⣬ʱ꣬ɵȲ֮ǵȥЩ˸ԵĴҪĵرֱ¶ʮΪռԪ
ֻǿϧˣʮˣ󱻴һǿֱӱȫɱ˸ɾ
˶ǴǿߣԵĹŵشж֮ڣǸڵĴҪһЩ񱦣ȫǿ԰쵽ġ
㡭
Ļ־ʥӺѪӶѹİǿ߸ŭһں޺ߣҲú;ʥһ³ˡ
ôˣӦÿҪĵر˰ɣٺ٣Сӣ̫ˣ
žʥӵȱѹ˵Ĵǿߣ̲סЦͬʱ˫ֱŹ⣬ʱЩٲȻһıһ㡣
ǱģǣԴԣ
һҲǫ飬ֱӽһмֵĶȫߣѰһ˵ʶѰһ˶ЩŵشУɵһȫ롣
漴ûطߣкСֱ̫뿪
ҪԾʥӵ˵Ϊ룬ҪȻֱžʥӵȥ趴ȹŵҪһЩ׼
һۣһ޿ȥԶʧطһҰС
⣬⡭
ҪȥһŵشУЩС
ǿеһӣȫû°
𺳡
С̫뿪ʱһΣת۱չȥ
һ죬һڴһ֮ͬʮ
趴Ѫ롢ɷ塢ء̫طһһǸԵʥӺŶУ뱣ס˵趴Ѫ룬׼Լĵرꡣʮŵأ׼һǧԪŵҽָĵطյʱ׼֮ûͱҲ棬ֱǡ
һ쿪ڣһλã󽫾ʥӡѪӺǿ߱ѹľӻת۱Ƿ䡣
ָλã׼Ѿ̻˷ĴƣȾ趴ȹŵشнȷǸλãԼңԶľ󣬿Խеƶĵطȥס
ȥףɲǶ̫Σա
ʶӻһ̼
ɷ塢غ̫طһȹŵصŵӣȻѹˣ趴ѪʥӶ⣿
ģУôǿˣȻȻܴܾʥӺѪӣ⡭ôܣ
һڴǿ𾪡
ʶӻеˣûһߣǴڸŵصţǾʥӺѪӣһиźպͬѷ꿹֣ͬ𣬾ȻҲѹˣ
ͬһʱ䣬еߣҲǸ󾪣񣬴ڵŵشǲһǿߣҪĨɱǽ飬սȫһ浹ڵǿ߽ѹЩߣʹ߶оڵŵشеĿ¡
񣬾Ȼѹ˴ʮŵشеһǿߣǿеʥӣЩǿڵĹŵҪ䣡
⡭ǹȻթ
Ǵڵ飬Ӧúһ֮ˣ⡭һźˣ
һߵۣе˻ӦԴǿǿƹȴȻѹŵصӺʥӣ㹫ȻթЩֱӴ͵
ͬһʱ䣬һ䣬ŮӾһһòŮһɫ⡭Ůɫ̲סЦ⻹¡
߻ǴǿʱǷˡ
ѹ¾趴ʥӵ˲ɱЩ˵Ϊ룬Ȼթ趴ѪȹŵشУʵ̫Ʒˣ̫ˣͬʱҲ̫ڵˣ
Ҫ֪թЩŵشУɸףޱǾ趴Ѫ룬Ƕۼǿ򰡣


1887 ջ
ڣǴǿǽţʱǲƽˣֱӱгסˣ˵ۣ˷ŭ
Ǿ趴Ѫʮŵأһǲˣŵڵһǿ߽ŭһɹɺɱһŵڳ
ɱ̫ˣʼɱǿĲ
ʮŵڽͬҪ󣬵Ҫյĵرгŵƽˡ
ģҵĴʡ
ֱӴ¡¡ǳ
ûʲôķӦһȴߡ
޳ܵˣ
дǿŭǸˣȻѹǴİţʮУášʡ
ʱС̫һɷڡ
˵СӣôҪ񱦣˵ʱ۱ʲôġ

бһۣµƿһȣʱ۱ޱģȻھ趴ѪȹŵضԣҲԶǳ䱦ֵҪҪǵʥӺǶԸԵĹŵشжԷܴЩŵشҲܲͬ⣬ʱǿɾʲôҲòˡ
˵ţŵȽ񼶵ĵرھ趴ѪܽܵģһǧԪŵشжԣҲڿɳܷΧڡ
ԣ΢΢ЩݣôȷʵôЩ
Ȼе˵ˣҵԴԡ

бһһ˵ôĻһ㶼ǫ顣
ʱţһĹȥܿʱȥ
պ󣬾趴Ѫȹŵ½߳Ҫָ֮ĵطת뿪ȻҲԭǿѰټ̽Ѱûˣϧȴ޹ΪͲڸ
ÿЩŵصǿ뿪󣬱ָصһŹʧһͿӡطĴ£źԶС
ȻЩﶼ÷ڿռ䷨Уֱӽ֮ڵرϡ
תۣʱȥ
ʱȥ趴Ѫʮŵؽ԰Ҫ󣬽ΪٵŵָĵطһһĴƵԼС
Ⱥһռ䷨еĲһһȡĿ貵⵱ԻΪĿŨϢҩϢ֯
Ӥ꣬۷£κһС̨׵Ϊ̵֥꣬ЧͬӤԪţСļ
˫ĿֱŹ⣬Щˮûֱ
ѽ
С̫ĿһҲǲɵõɴۡ
ȻҲн֯â̲סЦ
ЩǵΪڶʱһأң֮󶼽ıս츲صı仯
΢΢˸ȡɵеľʥӺѪӵȫųЦǸԵĹŵش൱ϣԣǿˣڵķӡн⿪ȻصԵĹŵشڣЩϵϲǣҲֱӰǽ⿪
ʱʵŲЩˣ֮ĽֶһЩڵĹŵشУµ׷ɱ֪ˣǽЩ˷ˣΪʲôֻΪڵǳá
ͬʱЩŵش͹ʵضʱеľʥӺѪӣҲʲôҲ㲻ϣԣɱɱǣûκӰ졣
ʥӺѪӵ˸ɫѿѹɵգߣٻ֮ǰ˵ҪǵĴҪ䣬Լ˿̳ǸԵĹŵشкϣȻȻܲµóʱڷʲôǸԵĴΪǣЭˣͳ
ʹǲ߬ȭͷɱŨľˣʱȴֶû˸ʲôΪӡѹӡˣûκսҪ֣˵ֱӽǸ͵ظɱ
ߣ
գʥӿڣҧɨһֱۣתԶȥ
漴ѪӺʮŵصҲ뿪ܿ߳Զ
Ҳ뿪طҸεĵطչأЩԪʵ֮ȥͨȡ
Щ뿪


1888 벽
뿪֮ǰǸطС̫ٶȺܿ죬תۿԶ
ԼʱɢѰһɽС̫УʱٳһѨ󽫶ֱӷסҿʮ
Ȳ۵ĻɽΪȫġ
ȡһڿռ䷨װŵȫȡԽ֯տտ⣬ŨҩϢһʱƮطĶѨڣ̹ͨ
ǣʵ
Ļǳļ򵥡
ļС̫һԼӤ̵֥Ԫ䱦ȫڷм䣬ҩϢ纣˷ӿ
ʼʼʼ
˫۷Ź⣬˷ܵĵֱӱԼĹžʼЩ䡣
ѽ
С̫ĵһҲ˽Щ䣬Ҫٶ뵽񾳲ȥ
΢΢˸ת̫ľԼľ۷״̬ǿʼЩѡӤ׳ͬʱԪͬһʱ
һʱ䣬⵱óȼյһ㣬ΪһĿʼͬʱȻȻĸ֣󽥽ô⣬ȶ
Ҳһ죬ʥӺѪӵڱų뿪ûñϵϸԹŵڵǿߣܿصУʮŵشУ趴ѪڣŵжɱǵȺƿɱһС
ɱ
ʮйŵڴͬһۣˣϱ˳ȥ
ʱ䣬øӵĶΪʮŵؿϱѰ׷ɱ죬Ҳŵ˴ù
ΪԭЩӦԴͬǿʱͺܳǿˣôʮϱѰ׷ɱ죬;ڴˣĨɱһߵľȻȻø⡣
£Ȼǲ֪ʱԼС̫һɽڣĬĬԴӾ趴ȹŵشĵر׳
ˣ
⣬ɫøӳңΪڽϢøӷǷ
ԱߣС̫ϢҲڸڹâ
ˣһתۣһµʱȥ
һµʱ䣬һĻɽѨڣֲͬâ貵㣬ⷽѨȫܺϵӤԪȱȫ
һɾ˵ڵⷽѨ֮ڽ֯һС
ȫѹƵԭ򣬷ĻⶴѨֱӱᱻϢݻ١
벽
лһĨտտâ
һµʱ䣬ӤһֵԪΪһ벽Σͬʱޱȴ⣬
һ̣ܸоԼǿǼ᲻ɴݣʶǿƥڵӰʣȡ֮֮ߡ
ã
ȭͷȭ˿˿Ƶ罻֯
ͬʱԱߴĿЦһµʱ䣬ڲֱӴﵽڣҲǱޱȴսһ츲صı仯
ˬ
㣬˷ܵĺ
ڵޱȴ⣬ٲȻʱ䡣
ѽ
һߣС̫ĳΪﵽڣĹҲǱޱĴ̶ȶԣԲǿ߲һһ
⽻֯ҽâʹĽɫԷɿȥ
һΣûйΪʵǡԪЧúܷǷӤΪĹУڰͬʱҲΪȹĵԣʱﵽİ벽ΪѾǷǳȹˡ
һµʱôһصΪл趴ѪʮŵشУֱǰæˣ
̲סЦϢʹտտâҲȥ
ΪǵӡʥӺܹţôһۣǸһҲԿҲЦڣѰ׷ɱҰɡ
Ҳ֪ô

ѹʮŵصӡʥӺŵӣЩӡʥӺŵӵΪ룬թʮŵأЩŵôºưոݡ
һЦ֪⡣
ʲô
ʵ
뿪ȥͨȡ

ͨϢǰ㾪ˣľĿԷǳ󣬶ƬĿıѰľȻҪ֮ǰ£ͨȥ


1889 
ͨȵľλãȻ뿪ɽһٶȸ
ߣĹɽһһı˦
𣡡
һɽ֮ڣʱʱ޵Ļɽ¡ҡ
жܵͨȣ
졣
ûԶˡ

һ޼ǰУת۱ʱȥĻĹɽ˦
Ҳʱ΢ͻأֹסΣ΢˫ۣλÿȥ
ôСӣ
Ҳͣ£ı飬ɵʵ
һ̣ݣʱŵķɼΪǿڳطת۱¶ߣɢѹ
ǿߣ
ݡ
쿴߳ҲǸоõ˵ǿΪȴɫ
Ҳʱವģƿת۳ǽǰ
ҵˣˣ
߿죬Աޱȣɭˣ˿Ҳڵɱ⡣
첻òҲ֪ȻǱʮŵشеˡ
λкָ̣
Цʵ
⣬Ȼģ᲻˳嵽Ϊɱ
΢Ķ
Ӳ飬ķϻһֱӶˣ̽ԣƺƵĳ£һ˲ʮա
ֱɱ㣬̫ˣҴǧ̺·
˺
̽ĴӡֻǴһ
ϢɫС̫Ҳǲ⡣
ΪҲͲڣǿ߶ԣ̫ԶˣǳڼҲܹӦԣȻС̫Ҳ
Ψıûб仯൱򶨡
˰ɣǵǧ̣ûȤ
Ŷֵߵ
Ż䣬˵һֱӻȭֱһȭŶԷӭϡ
ȭƣתײһ
ۣ
ѪˮŽ̽ĴֵһʱѣըѪˮ洦ǡ
㡭
߱ĵŵŵɵĺˣɫֱһ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ɷԱߣҲǶݣͫ׽ǲɵһ
ԶС̫ȻҲǶһ
ղţǸСӻӳĿɲǼ򵥵УȴСӣһȭ͸
ۡ
һЦľ̫ԾҸղźһȭҲǼ򵥵С
ﵽ˰벽񼶸߶ȣΪֻ壬ս˵ǷǳˣȴҲܽƾǿ߼˵ԷϾΪǸطǿ߻һĺ蹵ղȭ򣬲Ǽ򵥵Ĺ
ԪȷѹִÿһʱͻʹռԪⶫֵȷܲס

Ĵԣһ۷弶ܱȵϡ
㴿⣬ȻȻʹս౶˵ǳ
棬ֵɷɫĳ˿̵Ϊڰ벽ΣһҴﵽѾ꣬ȴȻһ벽ĺ󱲸һȭһֱۣ£ʵǳ衣
Ķ
øɭֱתۼָٴζ֣һһ޴ĥֶѹ졣
¡¡ģĥ֮ϱ鲼ƣһƻɫƮܡ
Դˣо˺ܴѹѹԶûдɵȴ
ƽֱԭһӰһȭŶԷȥ
˵һһȭΪĻȭңɼ򣬰֮Ȼֱ֮ͶԷѹĥײһ
䣡
յǴĴ졣
Ϸ飡
ֵɷϺӿԾ޴ĥһδκ졣
ӶȭȻ֮֮֮һδײ
ģһ촫طղ顣
ȫסˣ
һĻɷɱǽΪ֮ݡ
԰벽Ϊס˳
ɷԼɫȻҲǺѿʱѾǼ˳ɵսǣȴȻܽ벽ѹס־ŭ
󣬺һøӷڣẖ̂ø£ųɵսһ㣬ĺ졣
о˸ѹϵıȴɲ䣬ȭƱøͣͬʱ콣ȴҲһһʩչ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ܺϣת۶ѣ˽棬̶ӹȥ
㲻С
̶Ӻʱ촫ҲʩչϻȭȻһȭ俪޴ḥ̂ǲһɷǰһڶԷϡ
ž
żѪˮɷֱӱĺɡ


1890 ѹ
ѪˮƮڿУɷɣνǴĿġ
ô᣿
ɷһҲɫɷȻһ벽ɣ
Сӣǡ
ۣսʵ̫ˣڰ벽Σǿһĺ蹵ǣȴѹƳ֮ơ
ѽ
С̫˫ģɫǺŨΪôǿսġ
ͬʱһܷɵɷסΣɫѿ˼㣬ĺ֮ɫһõǿߣȻ˳һ⣡
ɱ
ͺܣĿɱ⣬ֱӳȥֱӿ
һϮ£ܣһһӰŶԷֱıϣӭ
תۼ䣬սһ𣬸ɽ
¡¡ģطһıı飬ɷȫչֳȫ˫еɱҪⷽضּµĸо
ȻȿµĹƣȴȫûһ˿һİܼ
ʹɷһٴζݣʧɫ
ս
һ𺳡
벽ΪսǾţ֪ƬֻлǴ˵еʥʡ
һϣն
һ
£ͬʱ˳ȥԼǿͨɷһ𹥻죬ʼһչֳȫû˿Ĳ׾ֲһڷ
⼸ϻ
һĻ̲סͬʱ¶ǵı飬Ǻǿ󣬵Ͼֻǰ벽Σһǿ߻û⣬һȼϱǿߣ޷϶컹ܹȫӦԡ
ԱߵС̫Ҳ¶һ˿ǡ
ֻǣܿ죬ϵĵǱǶɢȥǰսУͬʱȥսȷҪ˲٣ȴû˿İܼ
СӹȻ̬
һϣȻҲȫܹס
䣡
ǰ𶯣ɷϱľˣʱȫչֳȫȴʼѹ죬Խˡ
ôܣ
Ĳˡ
⣬ɫ֮֯Ƶĺ¡¡
ңͬһʱ䣬콣ȸһһչֿϢ˷
Ҫܡ
˵
һϣԣѹʵǳӭԷһͨʱͷʱʱʹϵıȴʼղ䡣
ˣ
ʣֻͼ𣬽֯ϺʥҪһжѹ
ͬʱȻ߶ĸǿᣬֻͼһ𹥻
һʱ䣬¡¡ģⷽСضƺҪ顣
ԽսԽ£ɷԽսԽļ¡
ߣ
һҧ
ʱһΧ죬Ѿչȫȴ˿ҲѹƲ죬սԽԽ˳ԽԽüβ㽫顣
Ǿãټսȥ˿ܻѡ
£ವģ˾ɫܲÿȴǺˣԶߡ
ɱϣˣͱߡ
Ż䣬չȫӿ֣Ȼһͬʱֻͼ֮У۳ǿֻͼ
һʱ䣬Ϊ嫺ϵϢֻ֯ͼѹˡ
̣ܵȫֻͼɢƸ̣޴ɶݡ

˾ŭɫѿˣòͷӭ
ֻǣʱ԰벽ΪֻͼʵЩ£ĲǶԵסһڴȺ顣
գֻͼѹͬʱ֣ϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ͬʱķ顣
˱Ͼû˶𣬻ӿɿ۳
ս˲䣬԰άֻͼϺˡ
˸Ӿŭطһڵļֻͼ
ֻǣ԰벽Ϊ߶ֻͼʵ̫ǿˣԿ⣬ֻͼ֮һһεⴴϢϱ
ܿ죬һʱʱȥ
һʱ˵ɫԱޱȲ԰ףսȻףڿѪ
ǿߣսϧվС

ʱɫҲЩ԰ףķѵĺأЩˡ
ϱܵˣ˻治ʲô
˵һȻѾԼ֧ǣһֻͼӡͬʱѹ¡
˼ȴĲˣݵĵֿ뱻ֻͼɡ
漴ӡӭϣƺƵѹ䣬ͼתûڣȫ


1891 
ӡͼڣɷֱӱǲܶˣж⡣
࣡ſ
˾ŭͬʱЩֺ̿;㤣ڱѹֻΣ
쵭ɨһۣǡ
˵Сӣֱǣ
ʱʵͬʱҲΪѹǿ߶Ծ
С̫ɹҲƫСԴ졣
ɱ˶˷ѣǿߣǸԵĴжԣԶǴǸԵĹŵشУӦûԸһЩ׵Ĵ۽Ǹȥ
Ц
⻰ۣҪһȥЩŵأ
ɷҲɫһ䣺࣬㡭
ǰЩӣǸԴеŵӲŸձѹǵĹŵԲ׵ȥˣѹǺ󣬾ȻҪ£һҪǵΪ룬ȥǵĹŵأ˽ǸӾŭ
ʵϣǸղŻΪԼѹж֣̿ʱĻлܻԭӦø˵ģȴôҲ˲һձͨ졣ǿ޾£֮Ҫ㱻ԵĹŵһ벽Ķ
øлҸǻĻᣬǺˡ
ôٸ˿ڵĻᣬֱӻɵȫ롣
߰ɣȥͨȡ
ɵڣôС̫
׼ȥͨѰľ֪ͨڵĹŵأˡ
£С̫뿪طͨȵķȥ
طͨѾûжپ룬С̫һٶƶڴ¹ȥĸʱʱ󣬳һĹ֮⡣
ȥĹȵռطΧҲ֪жô㣬׾ٵĸоŨ񵽼ϢƻĹϣз·޾㡣
ͨȣϢȷʵܾˣȳ̶ȣֱǡ
𺳡
Ҳ΢ĿǰΪطŨȶ
ҡ
С̫漴ǳͨڶȥ
ͨȱԵǽ֯ŨϢһ̤УǸо˸˵Ϣ㣬һںĸо
кһ޶еķǳϾطͨȣΪĵһ۶˲١
ͨڣĹľܴܶ࣬׳ȥӷŵĺܻǳСģܣܿнͨɾ롣
Уޱȼžż΢ʱܱ߹ľ֦Ҷɳɳ죬ԵЩˡ
ܿ죬нͨԶ;ûκΣպ쳣ҲʱǰЩŨԿǰ·ǰû赲֮ȴôҲ޷ڿǰƺд˵еġǽһ㣬ǲôߣʼնԭƣû취һ硣
ô£ʲôŹֵĵƣ

ʵϣѾһƵû뵽ص֮¡
漴ü
֡
µĲطȷʵһֹŹֵĵƣΪ֣ûΣԣȴܸУһпȻҲ޷ʥǰС
¼򵥵˵¡
а취ƽû
ʵ
ƲˡҡͷûκΣԣȴǳӣҲٵΪƿ
ô˵ûˣۣ¶ɫ԰Ȼôһʶ޷ԿĹ֣ǣЩʿôģֹۼǿ߽ȥɣ
ִΪǿ̼󾭹һγɡĽ֣γɵʱ䲢û̫ã⾰ǰﻹͨУȻ弶ʿҲܼ򵥵߹ȥӰκʿ롣쿪ڣŵҴǴǿʶ֪ûʿٽط
ԭ̼Ȼǣô죿
뿪Ҵﵽ߶ȣ
򵥵
ΪﵽƿطĽ֡
˵⻰ǰӵλãɵü
Ҫ̼ɣҲۼεҪʱĴ̼УǵȲε̼طĵܾ
߰ɣʲô
ʱ򿪿ڡ
˶٣˵ͷǰĽλһֱۣ뿪


1892 һɴʮ
С̫쳯ͨȥܿ߳ͨȵķΧ
ȥͨڣľ׳ˣʯ޹ĳţϢŨľˣ޴ԴȪһ㡣
߰ɡ
쳯ۣкСֱ̫뿪ܿȥǧԶ
ҪЩﵽ׼ôŪ

ľпܴͨڣǸطнƿҲôﵽ߶ȣƿȥѰľ
쵭Цɵڲѹ֮ǰҲ˵ˣǵĹŵشлЩЩŵͻΣҪ˶ʱ䡣
жԣȻһЦүҲô룡˵֮ǰʮŵأԶǲһһѹˣͬʱʮŵأεջԸʢ
Ƭƶǿߺڼ֮ǰڸͨȵ;УǾѾˣʮŵؽɳǿ߳׷ɱǡ
߰ɡ

С̫뿪һЩȽ۵ĵطҡڣܿǱ˿дǿߣҲߣ󣬸һһЩԭڶԾеĴǿߺҪߣڼɵֱͣ˴ս
ǡǸ࣡
ʮŵضǿ߳׷ɱҡڵ˵ҰУ֪
ѹ¾趴ʥӵǿߺ趴ʮŵأĴڣòȻȻҲܿ챻֪񣬼ҡڵڣһЩ߳Ծݣǿ⣬ɱ⡣
΢ˣҾͲôǿܿԼܾ趴ʥӵˣʲô˵ıƣɸԼһս
վָ죬ΪŵصһŵӣùŵغǿȾ趴ѪȴȻҪ٣ŵشȣȴǾڶ⼶̺ۺ
бӹȥð
˵ţ̧־һơ
ڵָ˵ͺһһ׼˿âֱ𶯣۷弶ӿ˫ͬʱ任ķɱ⡣
һУɣ
죬¶п֮ɫһγɣɱ
һ࣬ôǿΪǿıƲѹ¾趴ʥӵˣսԲʲô趴ʥӵˣ֮ɱ
ȻһֱӾˣĴ׾ٱĥеû˿Ʋĳ
ȫ־̲סУסס֣
ֻǣĴӡƲ䣬ܻס֣
һ̣ϣֱӽ֮˸
һ˲䣬˶ɫһ
Ҫֵ֪Ŀһ۷񰡣񣬾ȻһƾͱĵǺεȿµս
ûҪһԣ
Ŀڣɨطһˡ
ӭһ˵ݺҡͷȻǶ챧мɱĴʿʱҲǰ¶η壬Ͼһȭͺɱһ۷սʵںֲܿ˭ȥս
ûж˵ʲôɨطһߺʹǿߣֱ뿪ֻһߺʹǿļ¾㤣һǱǿս塣
Ҵʮ֮߳ܿնɱ˶ãĺܲң
дǿ߿뿪ıӰСԵú
Ȼ仰Ÿո£һɫն˻߳˺Զ룬СȴɻǱˡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽڵǿֱը飬
һ£طһ˶ʱһ߸Ӿηһǿ߸ӿ־壬ٲ챳˵ʲôݻ
һţôǿ󣬿ǰôȫû
߾ɡ
ʱѾ߳ԶС̫תʧһȺ˵ҰС
һۣʱȥ߳Զ
ôҡڣɱ۷Ź˶ãʮŵ߳ͻȺЦСӣһѹƼ
ʮ

սǿɻɱǣϾҲһ󾳽蹵һԶ̫ȼĴڣǿҲޡ
ʮҲˣʮܲһ£ʮһɱļ΢΢Ӧԣ
Ȼ
ͷС̫һ𣬻ԶУһǰʱȥ
Ҳʱͣ΢˫ۣȥ
ϢԻɿ쳯ƽ


1893 ־
ϢǿƥԶĿռ䶼Ť漴һɹɿϯӰ졢С̫ҰУΪߣɿݣϢȴֲܿ
ˣ֮ǰɱСֳĶЧ
Ц
¡¡ģӰĺܿ죬ת۱ǿ絽˽ǰɱ⣬֮ǰթʮŵ֮ˣ֮ǰҸɱǿߣ̱ɱ˹ʱ׷졣
ĳӣ
ĿԺܱ䣬⣬ӿ
쿴ˣԵúƽ
ԶЩ
Сֱ̫ӱǿ˳ȥ콣طԼһԻһ𽫶֡
˺ΪɱҪѹ˻ĵرͻʹãȻҲûʲô˵ģһ˶֣Ҫץס
ſĶ
øɱŨǿһɱŰ벽ĺྐྵǿƣǷ𹥻һ˽ڹȦڡ
ɱ
䣬ڹȦкȻһˣܽ֯ƺƵѹ죬Ҫһʱ佫Ĩɱ
¡¡ģת۶ѣ˵ܺĹײһͬһʱ䱻ȫˣڵѪһӿֱӿȳһھѪ
㡭
һͬʱɫһϣܶûмȫɶԸһ벽ҲӦ㹻ˣ˲ϢĨɱȻڣȴͬʱˣһ벽ʿˣ˸¶ŵı
ѣǲҪǰ׾ȽϺã֮ǰѾϼһңѾȫѹ
ʱڣٴιϡ
Դ󾪣ȻеġϼһŵȥɱǿߣѾѹˣ
ҪΣ
еһ˺ȵţһ벽ѹⲻܣ
ֻǵЦʲôĽɫøŨң콣ͨ߶ĸǿᣬһһꪴڻȻΪһ֮ǰӾ趴Ϣǳˡ
һʮռɱҪѹһУʹǲɵһָ¶â¶һ˿˿̰֮ɫ
˶ǿߣȴûΪҪȼıҪĲϺѰҾѰҲܼѣԣûԼ
ʱ򣬼ôһȻǶ˶µ˼ֶø
֮ǰСӴӾ趴ѪһҪɱȡǣη
ԣ
һ߳һߵ
첻ɵȻʧЦǾ㵱ҵ˵ֻѾұѹĳ
벽ϣΪ˵Ķ֣ҵѹǱȻĽ֣
еһ
һЦ㻹š
˵ţ𶯣ɫȻǿֱӽֻͼȻںϣֻͼϢΰϡ
ͼһϢһݣǲһʵʱ԰벽Ϊ߶ֻͼ̫ǿˣһ˲˸о˴в
Ҫ֣ɱ
һ˺ȵ
˵ͷһͬԵǰ㣬ٲ׾ˣȫȫ
һʱ䣬ֲһطӿʹط·һ˲仯
Ȼֻͼ̫ǿˣꪹɱײֱĥ˼ĽȫĿѪɡ
Ƿ̫ʱ䡣

ʱʱһԸ̫鷳ǰսսپ
һҲһȻ֮Ҳֻͼ֮УֱչֳǿֶΡ
򣡡
ʮսȫǿֻͼӿһɱȡһΪһ񽣣ҲԾ趴ʱԿرתΪĹơ
䣡
ﬣ
𶯣սһ㣬ǿƥһδνĺɡ
תۼ䣬һӹȥ£ǿߵɫԱޱȲ԰ף˼صˣ궼Ѻۡ
ߡˣ
һҧɫЩѿͷߡ
ͬһʱ䣬û˿ԥҲһ롣
һӵĴսֹɱ죬Լȫȴһδαˣʱжǲ¶˾⣬ȫսŵˡ


1894 Ҫ׬
ı̬սˣ벽ôŵս˵ǵȴ˵ӣڰ벽ɱҲֻһһ£ôһ벽ʿһʱҲȫѹƣ⻹
һʱ䣬ವƿصطͬʱԶȥ
ôҲɱǣֻǽǸԵĹŵҪһЩԴѡ
һ׷ˡ
ԭЩ㤣⻰󣬶ʱһ̲סߣǰʱǸһŵǵĹŵشһȻҪ£һΣҪǿ߸ѹˣǸԵĹŵĵر
޳ܣ
ˣ
̲ס뷨ֱǱֱɱǻ֡
ǿ޾£ô벽ĺʿȻŽѹ˺֮ͬǰԴԹŵصЩŵӰ㣬ҲǵȥǵĹŵأҪǶôǵ淢ˣԺǻôȥˣ
һʱ䣬˵ٶȸˣƴȫӣҲ䵽С
ֻǣ̫ܵˣƴȫӣҲȲٶȣתۼǱ׷ϡ
ʵʵıѹȻǸԵĹŵشǡ
ǿֻͼٴѹ䣬ıѹϰ˻ģ
⣬Ȼսʵ̫ǿˣһսռݾԵϷһδνĺɣȻʩҲֲ˿ıˡ
գֹȥһӵʱͬʱ鵹ڵأͬʱӡ
Сſ
ŭ
ЦҲͼʱ䣬Ǿˣü
˵ţٿڵĻᣬֱɵС
һʱ䣬طֱӱð
԰СӣȻôѹˣϴѹҪϲ٣ôսǿЩ
˹Щʵ
ûСңӿսࡣ
ʱѾķѵĲ࣬кС̫뿪طȡһЩٻָıҩ£ͬʱС̫ɸٻָ۷״̬
Ϊ֪ʮŵ׷ɱǵʲôʱǰС̫սԶԸǿߣ֮úս۷״̬Ҳãˣʱָ۷á
תۼӹȥһЩҩС̫£ֱӻָ۷ˮ׼սȫָ
漴Źȥʮʱ䣬Զܸ֣֣ٲȻǷǣֱɱ˹תۼǳǰĸЩɿݵߣɱ⡣
ջָ۷ˣʱǡ
첻ɵЦ
С̫ԶһЩûʲô˵ģֱӱɱˡ
ſĶ
Ĵǿƣֱɱˣԭͱɫøӱ䣬ɱӿ
漴ͬʱ֣̽֯˵ɱ⳯£ҪһĨɱ죬Ĵ
ĺܺãǿȴȫǵԤϣɫ𶯣ɫâʣֱ̽ۡ
㡭
˽Զݣ¶ɫ
ŵЦ̫ľתޣֱʩչٴγѹϡ
ԹԵ
˵
䣬ǿֻͼɵչ֣ս졣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʱת۹ȥһӣâطϯ۷սĸһپ¶⣬֮ͬǰ㣬ֱӵͷߣŵˣͷƤɵ÷飬һˣͬĨ˷һ㡣
ֻǣǵûκãȫֹ֣ȥʮӡͬʱѹֱӾɵڡ
ߣ뿪һָ
С̫ȡһЩҩͬʱС̫ȸָ۷
С̫֮ǰȸ󣬾ҲԱҩָһҲûͣ£ָĲˣٴԴԴϵĳڶɹȥָܿ۷
ʱĺܿ죬ת۱ʱȥ뿪֮ǰλúԶ롣
ûãһһǿ߳ǰһԳˣΪĨɱֶһһһ׷һѹӡ趴ѪҲ⣬ס졣
ֱʱȥɵڣѹʮǿߡ
ڣʮŵǲ׷ɱǵȫѹ
Ҫ׬ˣ
˫ֱð⡣


1895 ĸ
һѹʮǿߣЩȥթ趴ѪʮŵشУܹ뵽֮ջԻޱȷʢΪƬκһжԣߣǸемʧһǾ޴ʧΪ˻ЩǿߣʮŵؾԲĵر
߰ɣЩ׼

ͬһǰ㣬ҪЩΪʮŵشҪĵرȥЩŵشнףҪʱӡȡ䡣
кС̫뿪ܿʱȥ˸׼
һ죬ϴΰ㷢֮ʹȥԶͬʱʮѹĻ棬Ҫʮŵظ׼ԪŵָλãǸյʱ׼ǰ첻ɱˡ
漴ȾӻûʱǴ
һδڣһ㡣
Ǹˣ
ʮŵ߳ȻȻȫѹˣ
ôܣ
ﵽ߶ˣ
ܣﵽ߶ȣͲҪԪˣ
ʮŵصǿ߰ôõǵ£δﵽͶԽʮ
һǿٴδ󾪡
ʮŵؽǲǿѰ׷ɱ죬һڴǿ߶ΪضᱻЩѹĨɱϾǿ߿ɲǿЦģսǳˡ
ȻЩû뵽ʮŵظɳǿߣǷȫѹˡ
ͬһʱ䣬еһȻҲǶľһĿࡣ
֡һһΣѹʮ
ѹ˲ɱЩթĵرһβڶΣλֱǡƷ
ʲôʱһ˺˲ţǰΪʲôûţ
»ΪǿɱƣӦԣº̲סۡ
ͬʱ˱꣬ЩҲľʵڲһСĿ
ÿŵԪ⡭ҿڣֱڸЩŵص⣡
ˣѹĿɸǿߣԪһԲ
һһʥӺȥթʮŵأʮŵɳ׷ɱȫѹЩٴʮŵҪĵر⡭ôоʮŵǸɸλԴģ
˵ʮŵشУڹܵѪˣ׼ײǽ
пܣ
ۡ
ʵϣЩ˵Ĳ²ûдʱ򣬾趴ѪʮŵȻҲʶӻһֱ߲£ζ
ǰãǵʥӻŵӱѹһ˶ŭǿ߳׷ɱ죬ҪѰ棬ϴ̳裬ȴǲ뵽ǸԹŵ߳ǿ߾Ȼ죬ѹˣǸ߳ǿٴγ
Ǹʲô£
@#
һЩŵڣдʮϱ̲סֿڣͷֱֱ졣
ЩŵظŭȴǲòЭΪǿȷʵǸԹŵصмǶľ趴ѪȴжԣǴײˣһǴʧԪɱȡ
һ죬ʮŵдȺ󿪿ڣ޾ŭͬҪ󣬵뱣֤ԹŵصǿߵİȫյԪ̷ˡ
ģҲǵһδ򽻵ҵƷôλѵ𣬾˵ֻҪõԪһʱ佫ǵĻǣϴι黹ʥӺŵǰ㣬֤ǻȥǻġ
Ӧ
ʮŵضУǽʮŵظĹǺֱĺĺ˵ξ˵ΣǵýϴεʥӺǱѹ¸˵˰̣
һЩʮŵصĴǿҲоŭΪܲʮŵأϾЩŵضͬڴƽռ䲢жԣôڴһһε£թǴʮŵشУЩʮŵصĴǿ߸оŶЩ档
һЩǳ鴤趴ѪʮŵظоۣͬʱеġʣʵõĲףûñ׻࣬ȫǱģƱŻȥһֱһͷײ


1896 ǧŴ
һδڣ䶼ѹʮŵص¡
޳ܣ
ˣ

Ǵһǿ߶ۣԡ
Դˣ˿Ҳ⣬ĴһɽϣʮŵԪ
ʱţתչȥʮŵͬϴǰ㣬Ҫ󣬸Խ׼õԪ͵ָĵطԿռ䴫ߡ
ÿŵصԪԿռ䷨ʢװȡʮռ䷨һһ򿪣ȡĿʱʹϱŨϢܲû貾ˡ
Ԫ׬ˣ
Ǽ˷ܣôԪʹǶΪܽ˿뵽߶ȣС̫ٶܽΪС̨ף⣬ΪӰ벽ͻƵ߶ҪķѽԪĹϵ
¶âԪǶȷʵһھ޴󱦲أѸΪ
ˣˣ
һӾ趴źŭ⣬ʮŵشҲԪѾȥѾȡߣҪ̽ǸԹŵصŻء
Ǽꡣ
촦һɽϣܿ˸ϢĴ󣬲ɵõ
漴ȡɵ⻪һʮǿȫ˳
λǿˣȥɣһ·˳磬ڵķӡպн⿪
Цŵ
ųʮɫһƬڣȾЦȻܲµѾһγɹǸԵĹŵأһ޲ýЬӡϡ
ֻǣȴҲǷǳǶĶ֣۷ʱֻܱѹο񱻷ӡţȫûսûа취а塣
һҧݺһ䣬ֱ뿪һҲٿЦ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮҲˣ߷ߺŭ⣬ֱԶȥ
תۼ䣬ʮ˱뿪ɽԶ
ߣҲ뿪ҸطЩԪͻƣҺСһ۷ȥ
һûͬϴΰ㣬Ϊʲô潫Щ˸ˣΪ񻹴ڰ벽߶ȾѹЩˣЩԪﵽ߶ȣͨĳǸǵָɱŲȫûӰ졣
ߡ
ͷкСֱ̫Զ뿪طúѰһµζߣӡһϢĴ󣬽Ԫȫȡ
һʱ䣬ԭ谵Ķֱӱ񻪸Ĳӿ
ڣкС̫¶ʼԪ
һʱ䣬ֲһâ⽻֯ⷽɽڣռ䶼Ϊ֮΢΢

趴ѪʮŵشеųûñͬһθԹŵڵʥӺһ㣬͸ԵĹŵϵϣصԵĹŵأڹŵǿߵİ£ڵӡһȺ󱻽⿪
£뽫ѹ̵ķʽ֮ɱ
ʮŵڣһϱɱ⣬αһѹǹŵڵǿ߽թǵʵǶˡ
£ʮŵڣиǿĴڶҪͬУѹĨɱ졣
ȻҲʱʮŵڣǿ߼ͬһʱ֣ɢ˵ۿѹϢʹòϵƲ㶼ˣʮŵض𶯡
ĪΪһǧŴ֣
ռƻ£
һСΪ壬۶룡
ʮŵֵǿߴԵӵܣĮޱȡ
ͬһʱ䣬һЩŵشҲۼ߳ͬĻޱȣԿͨȵλá

ɽڣεɽС
ˣ
ֲһâⷽɽӿʱƱԽӵǿʢ
⣬ɫ⽻֯Ծ̫ľɽڵԪǵȴʹΪ߶ȥͬʱøӵĴ⡣
УܹоԼľڷɿ꽥øǿʶøʵһǳȶٶ
ԱߣС̫ҲԪһ㣬Ҳڱǿ
ˣʱһΣתۼ䣬¹ȥ
ºĽɫҵ˼㣬ȼŵĽɫһ㣬ҲǴ⵽һ۷߶ȣΪԪǿ
漴ֹȥʱ䣬ϢǿĽɫҲƽ󽥽ðȥû뵽ڣһ˫ۣһտտâ˫һû񽣻
ʱܿ롣



1897 Ѫ
µʱ䣬һ˱˽ԪøӴ⣬ΪǴﵽ˰벽۷壬ֻҪԸ⣬ʱԿ뵽Ρ
ֻǣûпȥΪȥǻ٣֮ǰó׼
ԭأ˼ӦٵķȴҡͷԼС
ǵСһС
һ߻ԪС̫
ΪӵĹϵԼܵӰ죬֮پǷǳֲģһԼǰֶΣҪɹȥʵЩѣһ̶֮ҲУֻСһڵʵֵ
뵽ƽվߵһߣСһ
ˣʱһΣչȥ
պһ죬С̫ϣԪ˸ɾﵽ۷壬Сһﵽ벽߶ȣսȶ˼ࡣ
Ǹл趴ˣ
˷ܲѣ̲סЦ
ڼ̵ʱ񾳽뵽۷壬ȫǿʮŵթԪ䡣
ѽ
СһﶼĽڸĻڳЦ趴ѪʮŵشС
Ц꣬죺ڰ벽Σ׼ٵ£׼úٿ뵽ȥ
֪ЩԪܿ񻹴ڰ벽ΣһǺ֮йء
ͷС̫Сһ֮ϴһѰʵĶɽٵأ㾡ͨڵ磬Ȼٶɽ١
С̫ڣͬʶеǰ㣬޷ƿأȴǱʶеǵҪ̫ˣΪֻҪСһ㹻ʱȥͨһϼ죬СһǾܽʶеȴǲΪͨʱĳ̶Ӧĺѽ֮
£кС̫뿪ططѰҶɽٵء
پǿֲԵģ˻Ҫɽ٣ȻѰһ㹻һ̵ĵطһƬ޹٣ǵȻá
ͬʱڻܲ٣֪ܲ;Ҫ֪һһЩҪ鷳Ҳǲõ£Ҫ㹻衣
ܿ죬뿪֮ǰĶߣгȥԶ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ڶбĺзŭĺХԶһЩطֱгƬƬɽתۼ䱻飬ڿµ»ɻҡ
һפ㣬źԶ˲Ӱڽ棬оȻʼǿңЩʲȫڴĹŵشУһЩǿߣڴ塣
⡭ô£֮ǰǸ֪Ů޲ǳƣЩ壬ϵǿ߲еôڣʶܽˣ
ɡ
ҲǶݣЩ⡣
ֻ룬ûԭ
£ȶɽ١
ô
ȻоܹŹ֣춼û룬Ҳ룬Уš
£һϢΪףһЩ
Լ֮Ѱһǳĺûκʿڣں֮ҲûиоϢټ֮Уһ㶼ûС
ˣСһˡ
С̫
ֻҪСֱ̫ͨӿ٣жɹȥ
ѽ
С̫ӦתԼһĹžͨ硣
һʱ䣬⣬ɫ⽻֯ʥ嫣ǿѹһа㡣
СһﵱʲȫԼһĹžתžԽԵÿˣҪһսͬĻ壬ҲǾѹȥͨķȫûпܺСһ￹⣬Ѫϣֻѹơ

С̫һ𣬻ϣƽռսһѹƽòС̫֣С̫սж£ȴǷǳģʮֲֿͬûǶ֡
ͷСһȻѪ졣˵ţҲ̫ԣʺѪȻҪʱʿǿҲܿʺѪģͬһѪǿһһһʤѪһ
⻰ҲûͷǱ̬ʦһͨ壬ȴǿֲˣʵ˵ͬǿֻ壬үҲǱ̬ʦĶ֣Ҫһսܻᱻѹ


1898 Ű
ʦʵֺ£ǵ̫ˡ
Ժܴ󡣡
ֻ壬ϵǿʣͬһΪ̨ϣȴûܹʤϾƹ
ԱߣС̫⣬ɫ񻪺ƽȣɫ»Ծʥ嫡
쾲վԱߣЦŶС̫һοûйϵ
һκһβһһε٣ǿ񾳺˳ֳܱ̬̫ãպͻᱻȿ񾳣Сһﲻڻ磬д鷳ʱϺܽȡһǣûпֻʱԿȥѣԸ⣬һֱѹȥӰ졣
ԣһΣž㹻ʱСһ﹵ͨڵ磬Сһ﹵ͨٶΣȫϡ
ѽ
С̫ӦȴǺ棬Ĺͨڵ硣
쵭Ц£ĵȴ
ʱһΣתۼ䣬չȥ
һ죬С̫ɫøΪ貣һ貵ĹһСƽͣڵĲľʯȶԡ
΢ʣǵʴ뵽Сһڵ硣
һΣͨʱ˲٣ϴλգһλաңķΧҲϴδ˲١

ϾСһΪǸʱǿ࣬ѾǴڰ벽߶ȡ
Ц
漴ٶ˵ʲôһ̫ľתֱ뵽񾳡
һ˲ѣϱһƬͻأһ޴֮Ǻʲ֮ϣɵص޵׺ڶ
¡¡ģڣѪɫһһƺѪɫŭ·׼ǿؼһС
@#
ĲæС̫Уʵʱ̫ˣֻ֯ĿɲϢ궼һʹ
ȻС̫ҲӣһΣû뵽֮ڡ
䣡
̶¡졣
ϣɫбԽԽƬرԽԽڰϢǵض£תۼǽԲڵĿռȫסһŤ
ҲǸоԼⳡж£
öӵж죬ûݻͶôӰ죬٣Ʊûӵ£ǿʮҡ

ǰ٣ûܵסǰ漸֣֮ԿԼȫŹһ췣ԴӵõӺԱÿ̫࣬ڣҲоһ׷֧ѣʵЩļ¡
ˣ
֮ϣ𶯣һ׷ʱֱ䣬֮ˡ
£
ӭһ׷ѹ£̲סô֣еĻϢȷʵܺˣԤϵǰ㣬ֵҲǺܼѣȻԵסȴһķѲٵпܻⴴ
ûԥֱС̫֮ڡ
Ҳʱһ׷ѹ£ȻС̫ϡ
¡һϻζһ£ֱӱǽһ׷£ȥµĵһ׷ֱɢ
ɽã԰Сӡ
Ц
ԣܹԼɹȥǱһδ飬ҲԸԼɽ٣Ͼ֮ǿʶȶסϧڵ٣ʵڿ
ŰΪ˱ǿôһ㣬Ҳǹƴģ
ۡ
޵·ѣڱ֤ǰ£һͷһЩǺֵõģϾֲǱ˶Ű

˵ĺеǻүȴԸЩҲԲȥǵ֮ǿǱ֮飬һ壬Ҫʹǧ򱶡

бûϢ
˵ţɵ֮⣬ʶƿأɵٵϴ񣬼һܣ֮ض췣֮±øǿ
䣡
Ҳʱ񷷢һ죬ڶ׷£鳤ա
ڶ׷Աȵһ׷ǿ˺ܶ౶κβ磬׾ٵĵ
󣬺¡¡ģ񷲻𶯣һһֵ׷תۼǹȥʮ֡
漴ĵʮ׷֣񷶼ŴѪɫ裬һ۶ӰԻԽ֯˵ĻϢ


1899 ս
ܼӰ۶ʹͷʿϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰÿһӵϢƿֲ
һĻ
ü
ÿһ٣һ׷ģԲѰ
ֻǣˣȴҲ벻ʲô֮ͬǰ㣬ȥ⡣
䣡
쳹ⷽأӰһѹ£ط˲ˣ죬һЩˮԴֱӱǵϢޱˡ
ǿǳˣȻһֵ׷쳣ֲȴɻǱϻζζһ¡
ʮȥһӰѣʮ׷վɢȥ
漴ϣ޴ĺɫжһ£Ҳ֮ʧԭīĲ񷣬תۼǻָ¡
ˣ
֮ϣһ߲Ƹֶ߲֯ɫԣһƬͣޱʥ
ʱûԥֱӿ˳ȥн߲Եϴת̫ľ߲ԼѪǡ
⣬˿˿Ƶƣ񽥽øȹ̣󣬵ֹȥСӵʱ䣬ϵ߲Ҳ֮ɢȥ
٣ʱ򳹵׹ȥɢ
ȭһʱоޱȰӻˣʶǿ˾޴ʱ䡣
á
Ц
˷ԼоԼǿÿһѪж̺Ű
ɵ֮ǰϴʱȫˣɫƬ춼ǣּ佫ЩƬ£ܣܿʹɵٴ۶ϵӡǸˣȻȻɢޱϢ嫡ͺϡ
еͷɵɱǺ⣬Ϊ˳ڼȴǾû˵׼ʱҲ֮ƥС
ñ
ʱ˹ϵɵ˫۲ɵһƬ
ۿȻܸожֲѹһС
С̫ĽţҲ˹
쵭Ц£ɵڣطеϢ¹ȥʱ䣬ͣΪøӵȹ̡
ߣȥͨȣҵľ취뿪Ƭռ䡣
кС̫
Ƭܲһ㣬Ϸǳ̣ҪдŻ߳Ҳþ߱ʼУﵽҲ޷ԼŻ뿪С
£⣬뿪ķ룬ż
£С̫һѭһ̶ٴγͨȶȥ
Ϊﵽ߶ȣͨǷ֣ȻǿԽ֮ƿˣоųϵİգпѰľ
Ϊ˺ܶ࣬ٶȻҲ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬תۼǿгȥԶ
䣡
ɽһҰУͬʱҲһƬϻصطӰڼսһǴʿһǿߡ
ɽٿʼŹȥû죬ڵƺͱøˣܹоʼϢԱȼǰ˲٣ǴЩ壬иʼǿ߿˳ϢҲ˺ܶࡣ
ЩŹ֡
ȻҲǸоȱ仯һҲǾЩŹ֡
ڵĹŵشУ߳ҪĨɱеߣЩУЩ˻ƬϵԼֶΣڼΣյ£ʹֶϵǿߣЩΪԼһŵİΣ˺ŻС
ϢУҲʽ룬ǰӪԼһľţǣȻȻʹڵһʶײˣս֡
²
Եͷ˵ͨӦþ⡭
ˣ
ͻȻһɭԶߣһˣĿϣֱӱǿ˹϶źɱ⡣
Ǵڸ߶ȡ

쿴ˣڴϢ׾ֱܷ
ǵϢɷˡˣ֪ʣ£
˵һƬڱթɷǿߣʱط죬ȻɱӿαѹԼһǿ߽ǵ汻˵Ĳᡣ
Ҫ
һ˿ڣпᣬֱӱǶˣ֯Ũڹ⳯ѹ£ʴ͵죬Ȼڹ̺żΪ˵Ķ


1900 ƽ
ںâɷ嶯ֵУʴתǰ
ɻ궾Ѫһ㸯ãʮպŨˮپʮգ޾ʹб꣡
ĵеڶ֮øŨû˿飬ա
ǻǹ
첻̲ĵ̧֣һָסĴ֡
ֵ˵һڼǿߣһѹ£Ǻֲܿģ쾹ȻֻһָͽƵֻǰ벽ޡ˵ţݣо˿̵Ϊ㵽ˣ
ɷҲǶݣǰЩӣ컹ֻǴڰ벽񣬲Ŷ̶ʱ䣬쾹ȻѾﵽ߶ȡ
ܿ죬˱Ƕµԭ
ɵ࣬ҵʮŵشеԪͻƵ򣡡
һ˺
ƽ׶ѣﱰˣ
ƽ
ɷԣɭ
αթסǵĶУʵޱȴ̶
ס˱һƣܲпҲ޴Ѿɻ궾ȴֱͶˣմȾڹ⣬塣
Ȼأ
쿴ŶԷһҲ
ȻȻǡ˵ţǱɫô£㡭ûܵɻ궾Ӱ죿
ɻ궾ǳ£մȾһ˿ҷӦѪһʱǻֱӿʼãȻ۷弶Ҳⲻˣ˵۷ҪۻС
첢ûȫѪ֮ɻ궾Ȼȴ˿ӦҲûС
ôܣ
𾪣ҧɻ궾߶ĸǿâһ͵ޣȥ
תۼ䣬ɻ궾ֱӽû綾ڹ⽫ס
δĻɻ궾ƣȻ۷Ҳѡ㣿㡭
ɷ̿ڣתٴαɫɵó
ʱѾɻ궾߶˼ޣû˽ȥǣȴ˿ӦҲû
ûĻķ£Ũҵ۷ҪѪľ綾ʱȴȻû˵˿
ɷҲǱɫֵ֪˵ľ綾ж£ϣȻ·º͵Ȫˮʣá
СС֡
Ҳʱ쿪ڣôһ仰
Ѫԭͱʶе֮޾򶾣ټ֮ﵽ߶ȣǼ᲻ɴݣȻķҲܵ룬һɻ궾ܹ˵ˣ˿á
ɨֵɷһָһɫâָɳǽâ϶գ۱ǰ۵һüļᴩ
㡭
Ѫˮɷüļ佦еɷţֱͦͦĵȥõıţʶеȴǱһָˡ
̼䣬ɷʧɫɫʱıˡ
һָѣɱǵһ
ʲôս
Ǳ̬
ۣ֪ʺ޵У֪սֲܿ˿̿һĻ̲סԾĺܿ¡
ߣ
һ˵ûκԥֱӵͷӣʱͷƤˡ
һָĨɱһսǿԵֵ
쿴Ӷݣû˵ʲôֻǼ˲ǰ
һ㡭
ģβѹǵĹŵء쿪ڣʹ˵ɫÿһЩһ仰ʹٴɫ䣺һΣֱɱ
Ż䣬ֱ̧֣һ£۵һǰһĵķ飬ͬҲһ
Ҳ·
һˣûʲô˵һ£ֱӸɱ
תۣطǰ
սǡ
ַۡ
մﵽڣȴôƾ͸ȫҲʵǿµЩˣã۷˹Ҳת۱ɱ
Դ˵ûʲôӦôҲֻ壬һ·ȹʮ췣Ӵ壬ɱͨڼ治̫
߰ɣ·
кС̫ͨȵķȥ
ٶȺܿ죬Ź̶ķûйȥñǳͨȵıԵ
ҲʱһĲϣһʮɵľ޴ŻֶһߴӰп˳âϢͨ쳹أ˷ǳ
ۣ
һ޵Ƕݣ⣬ʱȻۼǿ߿˽


1901 ս
ʮɵŻʲ񷣬һ۴пǵϢ̫ˡ
Ƭػв׵ĹŵشУ⣡
ĮƵϣ߳һϮۣ·ۡٳ
棡
ˣ
ЩŵشУ
ڣһЩ߷
һʱڣЩ߱ڵŵشѹĺǱۿƬ磬Ҫ֣Щ߶Ц
Ҳһ̣Įߴڵĳһλóһ磬ѹӿȣһս׵ꡣ
ʣһۼڣڴۣ˿Ȳϵ
ֱ߳Ӷ˴ֱۣսһ
¡¡ģƬڣʱ̮
ͨ⣬졢С̫źԶŲϣǲɵöݡ
ƬǴҷˣսսսۼҲˡ
ˣǣľ

ľҪƬõҲǱҪȡĶӽ޷ݻʵĴݻʵӾ죬ͷҲûʲôá
кС̫ͨڿȥ
ǵڶεطνᳵ·ܿǰʱĽִ
ִƮһЩŨһʱʩչܼƽ֯ܿʹõرϸֳһƵȻ䣬ЩȻһ𣬱ǽ֡
ָЩȻĸطע˿˿ƣܿʹһȻ俪ʼ߽⣬¹ȥӺ󣬽ƿ
ߡ
кСֱ̫ӿ֣ǰȥ
ⲻò˵ܷǷһԣĴ֣ʼǿ߶ѿȥŸոմﵽЩش֣ǳˡ
ǰС̫Сĸ󣬲ñгȥԶ
УøŨһЩҰԿԶڣʶҲʧȥЧá
ƿۣ˫ۣԿطЩŨ
ͻȻ𶯣֪ʲôϵĿռֱŤкɫ绮
ֱ̧֣һѽץͬʱдƬӿźɫӭȥ
¡һƬռƾֱ飬ɫƲļϢˡ
ڣݵɲǣֱӼǲʮԶ˿ʹúɫڵرǸطֱһ޴ĺڶҲ֪ж
⡭
һۼ׶ݺ˿Һ
С̫Ҳǵۣʹӡ
ȻҲоͷƤЩ飬ʵǸղǵɫֲ̫ˣҪУʼǿҲõѪù
ᵽƬͨȵĿ£ûپ룬ȻôµʶвҪߵȥǸǵжֲѹڹȥһЩ۽ûܹ
ųĵһأǡ鴫
˿ҺʵǱǺɫŵˣֱ̫ˡ
Ҫǣļֱûκףղȫ֪ʲôǾǵȿֲ磬ҪޱղŹֱӱˡ
Ҳͷ΢վҪǰѰľ
˶٣̽ѰܣѰҾ԰ȫ·ߣֱȥʮǿڣкС̫·ͨȸȥ
УеĺһֱţͬʱҲһֱתΪģһƳӣѰľټ
ܿ죬ʱȥгȥԶеϢԽˡ
ʱһڣٴ
̧ͷʱۣȥŻ֣ۼǿ߿
һЩλϣȺʮŻÿһŻڣۼǿ߳
һĻԾûȥã羹Ȼʮۿ˽
ôСӣ
ʵС̫Ҳ죬ΪʱŨ֯ǵĿԿЩŨ
۽Ƭ磬ңʮ
쿪ڣ˵꣬Ƕݣ̴ʮۿ󣬴ڵŵشϢһһǿ߳Ϣˡ
תۼ䣬˽ۡ
ʹͫ׶ɵһ
һ֣ͬʱٵϣÿⶼǲӿѹǵȻ棬ĺˡ
ȻʶӡķʽչָС̫ʹС̫ҲǶɵöݡ
ʮۣ߳ʮۣʼǿƬĸ棬⡭Ҫս
ۡ


1902 Ƶӱ鲼ʮ
һۼǿһڲ϶ţǵȻ棬ֻһЩ¡
ôͬʱ֣һսǵöˣ
쿴Ųϣǣ
䣡
˵֮꣬ϣ۱ֱսɴȷѣۼѹƵ𶯡
򣿣
ӲɳΪֶγֳʶӻС̫ͨڣܼŨƣȴҲ֪ʱڷʲô
䣡
䣡
䣡
ڱѣһɫкʣ˿˿Ƶ罻֯Уš
ڣһƬһƬڱطҽڶ
ȴսڣҪһЩռϷ
¡һ֮Ż֣ϰÿһŻ֮нǿۣ߳ʼһֱǳŴѹȥ
Щ۸ԵõϢƬ֮ǰƬĸһšʼǿ߶ΣգʱнȡϾһǿ̫ˣǶƬ磬ʧ̫޴ˣԣһЩչصۣҲòʱأʱƬ
һ˲ѣʮֱӱǱѹˡ
룬Ƭﻹôǿ󴫳Уʮۼڣ⡣
гۼǿ߿ڣ˵ﵭĮ
ȫնƬ磬ҵ֮ء
һǿ߳
һ˲䣬ƬٶۣϢˡ
߳ʮۣûۼǿٿ
ֻǣʮ۵ıȴûʲôʲô仯
ˡ
һʿΪ趴档
ʼ
һ۸ŵΪѪ档
һ˲ѣʮˣٶȼ죬һ̱ܿ档
һ̣ǳͬһɷϣͬķӡ

Ծ趴ѪǿŵصΪףʮͬʱôһ֡
¡¡ģƬ֮Ϻ͵ر֮ϣ̼һһƵӸֶͬʱռҲƵӿһʱ佫ȴͨطȫ֣תһ˵Ϣ
ͨڣ졢С̫ͬʱɫ
ھȻͻأ両ֳôƵӣڵʮۼǿ߿һͿӡõġ
鲼ĴҪķѶʱ̻ܿĺã𺳣΢ǡԤıһֱʲôʼ
ˣЩҲ߽ռԪȴûѣӦǴڵŵش䰵п̻ӡ
˶٣ŵһ߽룬ЩӡѾ̻ϣڵЩ۱ԵĴӵܶˣʼԽеΪһǿ߿룬еǿ߽ЩһͿӡõƿЩۡ
֮ǰ֪ĹڴԼǰĻ棬Ѳ³Щ¡
⡭ݣЩۼǿߣЩӡЩȫ֣ЩϹŶҪʲôѵΪ˱߽ɱһͷͷռԪΪ
ܡҡͷͳˣ֮ǰʮŵأԼҲռԪԲΪ¶ķ޾ȥӡӡɱһʲôĿģ
ͬһʱ䣬ʱ򣬴ĸ䣬ߡǿߡǿҲݣΪһĻʧɫ
⡭ǣ
ܼӡԻ֯䣬һĻ̫˺Ϳˡ
ϣȻҲͱɫֳܸƵӣһ
Ǳ޾׼̻Щƣʱˣ
ۼǿ߶ɵֻһ˲䣬Щ˱ǲµ˺ܶ¡
ͬʱϵһӣǽǸов
ʮƿƬֶ︡޾ƣ۵Ļش𣬱һƬĮ
ǵľԪܣȫҪˣ
·ǵĪļֵ
Ծ趴Ϊ׵Ĵۿڡ
Ż䣬¡¡ģ鲼ڵӡڣųѪâ綼ǲһѪ⳯ӿȥ
۶֣ЩѪâȻܿǱɫЩѪâǳֲĥתۼѹ˽ǰ

ۼǿ߱ѪâմȾϣһʱǷҽУ漴һԪ֮⡢֮֮ⱻӲڰವĳͨ۶ȥ
Ǹط֪ʲôʱһž޴ͼʩʩȻתޱȳҵԣǿӿľԪ֮⡢֮֮⣬ȫͼ֮ڡ
⣿
졢С̫λͨڣʱĴ䣬ԭѾĿ𺳱飬󣬵ͨԻôһ޴ͼǵǸ𺳡


1903 
ͨȻôһ޴ͼʹһ޽Ծ
ⷽͼֺͨЩƵӣȡ۵
ԾͬʱҲݣͨΪλôһ嫵Ľû뵽ͨڲôһ޴ͼ۷ۼǽ֣ͨľ޴ͼĳʱӰ죬˳

ҽڲϻصŴһƵ縡֣ƬѪâ֣ǿҲԵֵֻҪմȾϣһʱͻᱻڵѪ֮ͱԴȫӶȥʲôԵֵס
ǡҵȣ
ŭͨţѪâȻȴʲôá
ˣҵӶ𣬺ķ޾¿̻ĹȻһۺҲס
һ۵
ԱߣʮǿߴĮЦƫͷڵǿʿ
ԶԶȲۼĴڣȴҲЩ΢ĩ֮ãȫ
һۿڣĮ
仰䣬һƵ𶯣һЩѪâеǿߡǿߺǿҲһֶȥʼӶЩ˵
Щǿԭǰһ棬ֽĿŲϵ۱룬һ̣ѱǽԼϣǵѪâѹ䣬ЩһһֱըͨǷͼ
ϾѪâ۶סµˣֵܹ
ʼˣЩ˵ۼǿߵںΪһ壬ͨľ޴ͼһ֮⣬һԴͨǰ·
һʼǿЦͬʱдЩ˷֮ɫ
졢С̫ͨУǡÿڵʾǵλòǺԶȻǱһ¶֮ɫ
ЩϻôۣȻǻһͨͨĴţ
ӲûɳͼıĲС
ҲȫݣЩŵشУô޾£֮ǰе߲ŲʣֻΪ׼ۣӶЩ۵ΪŻ⻹ǹݡ

ұɢ
ǣö˼
ϣƴȫڵЩơ
¡¡ģѹӿˡ
趴üʮһƿشڵƵӣʱ򿪿ڣ۲ǺܺðʱùЩСϣƵӵЩۼɣ㹻ʹˣ

Ѫͷ
£ʮ۸ȫĴ߶ЩƵӣȫڲϵϣѪâԻͬһƬƬѪĺ˳ѹȥ
ԭЩ۱ԵֵЩѪƣʮ۽йЩȻԵֵתۼ䣬˷ҽС
ͨڣһ˸оۼڣȻʱ򷢳ҽУʵѪƵѪâжôĿֲˡ
ˣ
޾ƽ֯ѪâʹЩ۵һƵİᣬȥ
Ǻ˵һĻ˭ܹõۼǿߣȻһµĴУһС
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
һ֮ڲϷɳûͨľ޴ͼ֮УǷͼԽԽ財
˵Сӣǲ̳ȥ
Щ£ͨڣͨôһ޴ͼڣâԽԽ貣ЩͷƤ顣
վ
ô
ʵҲЩʱûǴͨڱȽϰȫΪͨûɢѪâƵӴڣʱ߳ȥǴЩǿͻȻҪЩƵӳµʿǸʱǴͨ⣬ɾ͵ùˣԵסЩơ

ҽڲϻص֮ڣһƬƬѪâ֣ڱᣬҲ̶á

ӺоŭʵĺХһȫɿݣ˵Ѫâ֮±͵һ飬ҳ
һĻޱȣһõǿߣʧˣֻʣɳ
⣬ûнʱţۣһһڴ޾Ƶ±䣬ֱȥһʱ䣬ȫ䣬Իܣڴʮ۵ûͨڵͼС
ͼޱ貣⻪Ŀ·Խĺڰȫ


1904 
ͼ˫⻪貶ĿǵԷ·Ҫһ֡
졢С̫ʹ֮ͨڣ뿴һĻǲɵͷƤһܹĸоʱͼɢŶôֲ
ۼǿߣȫȫˣͼ⡭
Ķ¡
ͬʱڣһЩǿ߸еۣȻȫˡ
ֻһˣ֮Ŵ򿪣ǽƬ˵е磬ú󽫴ҵҲ룡
һǿ߼ʱ߬˫ȭ˷֮ɫ
ԶһЩλϣɷۣ֮趴ʮվһʱж¶Ϊ貵ľâȫͨǷ޴ͼ
޾£ֻΪ񳯣
ˣ

ʮͬʱӡͨǷ޴ͼʹͼųӾ˵ԣޱߵӿǸطȫϡܿǸλŲٵİ׹ǣ඼ʼҲۼ
ȻЩ׹ǣͨǿߡ
䣡
ĹͼӿԽӵĳң漴¡һһâԻͼڳΪ۵һᴩУǸطȫǡ
¡¡ģµڶǸطȴ֮⣬һЩ˿˿Ƶ֮Ի·ǲƬص㣬ͼǣгıһ𶯡
ˣ
Ǹطᣬ˻ϣﱻûһ罻֯һֱԼʮҵԲͨ˳и񻪷ӿ֯δ֪Ŀ
촦ͨڣǶݣǷ޴ͼʱ򾹴ôһͨͨ·
ͨ磿
˫۷ֱ
磬˵еĴ磬۷۶֪ν룬ʼûͷϵ磬ĵоԵ޾أܹһ֮ԵֵƬصʮͿࡣ
ѽ
С̫ʱ򶼲ɵõۣһ˲˲ĶԲͨ
ͨ⣬ǿ߸ܣͨ·Ĵˣ
ʱЩȻźԶͨڣҲûۼǿΪȴǿͨ޴Բͨ
ͬʱԶĶɷϣ趴ȴʱоâŨ
ˣڴˣ
ʮȻΪۣľʱҲˣ˼֮ɫ
ߣ
һ˿ڣ£ವģʮ˱ֱĳͨͨȥ
졢С̫֮ͨڣʱڿͨҲǼССӣҲȥ
̫ǷʱͨҲܽУͨǷǳǾܹȥǶԣһԵ
»ҪѰľʱҲЩĶˣϾջ̫ˣͬǵȴͨʿջһ㡣
ջסˣʱ
ͨǲͨ磬ǰǸδ֪ǣóȻУܻкܴ鷳¡ǣʱȥһʱͻᱻЩ۷֣ЩۣԻֱɱǡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһʱ򣬾趴ʮ۵ˣȫ뵽ͨǸλԭĳֿµħܣ۶𣬵ʱΪͼ۵⣬ǵȹħܱѹȥЩȫûӰ죬ʮ˱ֱĳűͼԲͨڳȥ
졢С̫ԶǴͨΧֱֱĿ
ЩϼһҪȥˣ
߬צӣ̲סڣʮѾﵽͨԵ
¡
ͻȻͨԲͨһŤ
Ǹطرһ߾߰ɫը飬һԵص׳𣬴ޱȾ˵Ļܣֲ졣
飿
𶯣ĮںƵʮֱը
һ̣ⷭӿûΪһӰˣƿһС
졢С̫ͨڣӰɫһ䡣
ͫײɵһͨȻͻȻôһӰң֯ŵϢʵ̫ڿˣǵȻܣۼʿܹɢĳ
ǵȳ̶ȵϢֻϲǸʮʥʹԼʥѹͷֲϸо
ߣѾǳ۾Σ


1905 ڶʳ
âûĻӰʵ̫ڿˣǵϢǿһС
ӭϢݺݵĳһ¡
⣬⡭
С̫ҲűɫʱǲɵСſԴϡ
ǵͻأֵĻӰ̫ˡ
ͬʱ嵽ͨľ趴ǿ߸ҲǱɫ
㡭ǣ
ʮ˷ۼǿߣʱӭͻȻֵǻӰȴǸоһ˲ԶˣǱһ˫εĴָ˰㡣
ͨ棬һʿҲűɫʱ򿴲ͨǵӰȴܸоǸطһޱȺ˵Ϣš
ͨӰ˴С䲻κȥԵЩˡ
һȺСͼͨŻűУ
ӰڣĮһֱӻ
һϷ·һεĴһ㣬ֱӽܵһгϯȥʮֱӱ˹ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ϯֵķΧ̫ˣ졢С̫λҲܵӰ죬һɴܣҲһǸλȥ
һɫԲʲô£
Ҳʱʮת۱ǱӰǰ߾ȫֵҲûһ˿һãǰļ۲ŸոտӰըѪһʱɢȥʧ򱣴ӲӰڣֱӱɡ
ӭһĻ۵ɫ䣬һɿ־ĵֵ
ȻȴûãԴڻӰǵȹ̫֮ºͺˡ
ǰ
Ѫ۴С
һЩҲſڣһڷоڿ
ڻӰһ仰ҲûУĮʮ۵һһըԵѪ֮ɢȥΨ걣ȫûڡ
һ˲ѣʮۣȫ
ͷƤˣҪ⣬ǣʱԴڻӰǵȹ֣Զһ£޷֮ͬǰЩ۰ֵ
ͬʱС̫ȻҲһ
мֻСĳӣû֮ǰЩϻǿҲްһڱ塣Ӱ˿ڣһ̱һСſͷС̫ͫɵһ壡Ǹħĺ᣿
С̫Ӱ¶˾ݣֱ֣̽ͷС̫ץȥͬʱɱ֮ӿѹʮռ̼
켹һӱøӱʱûпȥΪ»ӰС̫̬ȶΪܹĸоڱֱѹھҲ
ȻͻȻ䣬Ӱ͵һɢĿϢɢȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ĿֱʧǽԻָɡ
⡭
һ޽ԳԾ
ڶ꣬ȻжӰԵüΪȶһӱͨ˵㣬̧ͷ죬ͷС̫Įڶɣȥǣ
˵ţ建ŵص׳ûȥ
ӹһٰСӣϽܣ
ۼȫ
Ȼ㣬תҪ룬һ̣ǶݣƫͷڻصûȥĻӰȥ
ԷĻʱ鵭Ѿȫͨ˵һˣԷĴһشҵľ룬˿˿ƵĵɫâһɻϢɢ
ľ
д󾪡
ҵľ룬Ѱҵӿ֮һľ
֮ǰڻӰ̫ǿΪֻ̫ǸоĻܲʱŶԷĻܱúͨ˵һ޶ǸоеľĿֲϢ
Ǿľ
ʱȻҲǿǽشĽɫľ룬ҲΪ֮ݡ
ľȻǿֲӰĻ֮ڣ
ǣ
ͳڻӰ˶٣ֱӶˣӶݣǱֱĳԷȥ
ľԷǳҪʱ򣬶Էƺʲô⣬ȵĻȫʧˣúͨһ޶ͣ¶Ƕ֣ѡûصȥչأȻʧȥ˹֮ͬʱ²⣬ԷʱҲʧȥ˷
ˣбҪðգľ
Сӣ嶯ħ
̲סгȻµõʱҪȥȡǿɲӰڵľûųֱǻڶʳְ
ͬһʱ䣬ǿֲӰȻҲµͼһȵ󵨣


1906 ݳӰ
ӰܺżΪ˵ɱ⡣
ŵĺݲ඼˳
ȻȴЦΣȥЩⰡ
ӰһֲĴڣ˿ҲٲȻǲҪľ£ԷԸֱһƾĹˣĻϻ
Ӱ˵øӱ̹ǵ״ȷʵ⡣
ֻǣȻܳϡ
ѾʮϵĻܣٶֱӹ
Įĵ
ңװˣΪСЦ壬ԷղѾǳ֣ͻȻ轵֣⣬˿ȻȻڽпţȫܹµóľҪˣ
ôһ˵һ㤵ݣϵľ㤶ʱ࣬ΪǻӰȥȷʵЩԾ
ҲʱವһٶȺܿ죬ת۱ǳڻӰǰ
ܴ󵨣һ㶼ɵֱֳ̧ڻӰץȥ
ӣ㣡
Ӱȣһּ˵ơ
ȻȴһҲ˼ֱ̧֣ŶԷĻڵľץȥ
ֶ˽֯һ֮⣬ʱû뵽ԷĻ֮УһѱǽľץУһѰγ
⡭һĻֱӵɴۣϻûˣ
ӶԷнľץŨϢһʱ佫ƣϲ
ľˣ
ӰŭıڸϲĴ磬Ϊһսⴴ䵽½磬ȥ޾ºָѰľǿʼչأľ⣬֮ΪĵڶѾ˲׵ĳЧȵڶɣͱںһʵһ츲صĴ仯
ʱȴǽľȥ

ͺֱֳ̧еľץȥ
ֱӱ֣ܿľ𣬶¿Ӱ
㣡
Цһת֯ӿģͬʱҲһӰȥ
֮ǰɱǣ轵޷֣ƳغȥǣȻŹԷ
飡
ŻܺͻĴֱӳڶԷϣһԷɡ
Ӱƺߣһ¾鵭ࡣ
⣬@#
ۣǰӰڸղǶôĿֲ۶ɣѾȷϾǳԽ۾ĴڣȴǱֱӸһơ
ѽ
С̫Ҳǵۡ
쿴ŶԷ䣬ûͣٴ۶ֱԷ
ԷĻȻΪԭ޷ãȴҲһӾҪԷ壬ʮεĻС
һǿ絽Էǰ̧һƣļĻ֯ԡ
һӰǱɡ
͵ϣҡ
ž
쵽ˣһƣ֮ͬ֯ǽԷĺɡ
һĻò˵Щˣ˿ƻᾪһ°ͣһԽ۾εĿֲڣȻһʿһ˼ơ
ϱӰ
㣡
ôһδγ֣ÿһζ֮ϳԷк
ǵˣҪɱǣ£
ܿ죬ģ˶Էʮƣÿһƶл֮ʹöԷĻø鵭ȴʼûɢ
ʹ򣡡
ľԭΪ߰ʮǻӦĥԷ˿̵ˣȴ룬ʮǻȥԷĻɴţûб
ܳŶã
ôٴαƹȥһƽһкԷϼ
ģڴŻڶԷĻϣϷ졣
תۣ˶ԷٶƣٶǻڶԷϣȴûнԷĻֻöԷĻñ֮ǰ鵭Щѡ
ҲʱӰѹֵŭ𣺡ϣõδҪ
Ż䣬һĻͻأ䱬ΪĿĹâʹֱӸо˫۶һʹֹסŲʶ˫ס˫ۡ
ͬʱС̫ˡ
ҲʱವһƿյӰĿĹâֱĳʮ򿪵ŻС
ٰƣˣʱѡֱӶ룬ͨŻ磬ص䱾ںϣٶȡߵľ
ʵϣҲ᲻ĵڶʱΪԭûٻһ֮á
Ҫ˵Ƕľܣڶֱӱһʧˡ
ȥںϣȻûľڶɺȥںϵĺô󣬵ٻЩôڶ걻ĥǾʲôҲûˣЩŬȫȫ׷ѡ


1907 ̮
ӰӶݣٶȼ죬ͻȻڻ֮⣬ֻǷǳĴĿûʵԵĹܼУֻĿĹʱѡ
ƿյǰһۣǿӰǵ޴Żڣֻһ۱ʧҰ֮С
ɵüӰԺֲܿ񱻶ԷˣǸ鷳
ʱǵȴĿѾʧС̫Ҳ˫ۡ
϶أ
ܡ
ˡ
ǰľ޴Ż
˲ȻǻӰǽŻڣӶʧط
⡭ҲȥǰŻ϶Գ۾Σ֮ǰ飬ֱӵĳȥ֮źܴϵǣͨԾܹͨ˵е磡
Ϊ˵еϵȴ磬ջܴһУô޾
ԣͷ
ľѾƬѰϾƹᵽӿҪڣӦҲдڣѰͬʱƬ粢ûʲôֵǵ£ʮµǿȻǳԽ۾ҲֵˣһҲõġ
ߣ
£ڣкС̫·ֱĳǰŻڡ
Ż󣬱ͨ
һǧѷĻᣬܹͨ˵е磬ȷʵ
ûеһ˲䣬ͨ޴ͼʱ鿪
ͬʱŻҲһʧ
ˣ
У⽻֯һ޴УȫĿܡ
УɨܣԲΣзɿıǰУͨߣֹںԶȥ
磡˵е磬үˣ
˷ܣͨڣȫ˵
ûпڣŽ
ǴУһۣһʱȥ
ʱ¡һ
Ҫִյˣ
˷ܡ
ûʱڣɨܣ󵱼ɫһ䡣
ʱԲεڣ߳ЩѺۣңЩѺڱ
Сӣɫôѿôˣɫúѿ˳Ұȥ󵱼⣬⡭
ʱ򣬾ڹѣ
ʣһ˵£
лδ£飬ҲԻ
ǲһ㣬ǱѰͨ˵еһ̮ӿ£ۼǿߵҲ
¡
һ죬ϵѺ۶ʱø࣬ӡ
Ǻһ̮һƬƬƬ·ֽ
µĿռ֮ϯ
ˣ֪Ͳˣ
ɫˢס
С̫ҲǴëڲϵѹ£
ñһƬһʱ佫ɵ𣬽С̫һУϾ߱ǿֶεģɵˡ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ɵԺ쾧ɣޱȣˣȴվֻǱΣĿռ֮£Եסϱ顣
ռ֮𶯣Щ˽һ޴Ѫϡ
ô̶̵һ˲ѣǵԴĴ󴴡
¡һɵпµĿռ֮ӿ룬ѹ˹
ˣ
еʱΪⴴȻú
С̫ѩ׵ëȾѪ߬ͷ
ڱǶѪʱҲˡ
£ȻΪǿߣҲȫûп֮סΪĿ¿ռ֮
ڶֵĿռ֮ѹֻҪ䵽ϣûһԻ

־ŭҲû뵽ȻͬʱҲ뵽ԭ򣬵Ǵʮ۵ܺȶʱֱ̮ˡ
¡¡ģɵѿѺۣڶֿռ֮ѹǽǰ
ϢȻ¡
ˣ
ͻȻ巢⣬һ͵ʥڵ󣬵һʱ佫ѹĿռ֮𿪣С̫ɵһС
ǣ
ɫͬʱС̫Ҳɫ
ǣöӵĹ⣡
ۡ
ѽ
С̫Ҳ
Ƕӣɢԣӡǳ̡
ԼȻҲ˳Լ壬Ȼڵʱɢʥԣʥ͸彻֯סͬʱȻȻҲͽͷС̫УɵҲһ


1908 з
ڷ⣬ʥƣһʥˮưڵʥ
ʥԵ̮Ŀ¿ռȫҲ޷ʴ
⣬ӣȳ̶ȵĿռ֮׵ֵסϲ־ɻ󣬵˵֮ǰڻ类ѷ룬еĿ¿ռʱڵôǸʱû
ķ⣬ӦΪٱֶ֮¡֮ǰڻʱûз⣬Ϊֱʬռ֮ȥˣû֡
ô
룬ƺܹ͵ͨ
ռ֮ϯ⣬ǳˣ⽻֯ŵʥԣԴӣĽЩµĿռ֮
ʱڣɢĹԲʧ㹻֤ǰȫڣ޸һơ
С̫
ͻȻֻ̮Ǳռ֮һΣǱǶ˼صˣʱ򣬻ȾѪˮ
С̫ͷ£һ޸תԼĹžˡ
ɢһƹԣһͬɵһ֣̮ĿռƮš

δ֪Ĵ磬һƬΰɽ಻ϣн֯ž˵
磬һ죬ƬΰڣһһϵУ֮ڶʱбɱڵĲһƬܺˡ
ϵĵˣˣ
ϣʣɽƬʿԴ󾪡
Щʿǲ磬ۼڣʱ򶼹ķĤݡ
ϵУһʯ˫ۣţһ룬壬ȻǴڵǵӰڶ̮꣬ǰ硣ڶ壬ʹ֮ʯ֪£˾Уô
΢ĳӣ˿ڣ̹ǣԭشһʶӻΪһӣȻΪģǲɫ½磬ֻӴ½Ҫ
磬ܾˣԽǿԽ½磬ǿֶΣ߿ʿ½硣
ǣ
⣬ǿ߸оڱչ޾µĹϴһѣɢ˵ɱ⣬ҵҪ½һʹɽڵǿ֣ȴû˸ѯʲôȥ졣
ҵһУǳɫѪͬ޵У½ȥ½
һǿߵ

ʱţ˱ɢĹ԰̮ĻռƮ
ҪƮʲôʱЩԵĿռʲôʱŻʧӷĹԲͻȻϨɣϣһֱţٱֵȫȫΪֹ

бһۣû˵ʲôĿ档
̮Ȼȥ֮ãǵѾָͬʱɵܣڡ
ֻǱʥţĿռ֮Ʈûһ˿գΪɢʥķǳľˡ
ͬʱӴڣܹоӵĹʱϨ
ʥԵİţĿռ֮ɫķʱʱĺֲܿ׵Ľۼǿ߸ѵ
ѽ
С̫ſͷҲڿĿռҲܸоȿռж£ʱʱһӡ
漴ʱţתۼʱȥ
һ죬һϣϯŵĿռ֮΢һš
ֱֹȥһ죬ǵȿµĿռȫʧˣܱ߱Щ谵ûʲôߣҲûʲôɽʲôģֻһЩʯƮܡ
ͬʱڣӽðȥһʥԣҲ֮ʧ
ʲôط
ܡ
ʱɢʥȻѾʧˣûǵȿµĿռΣյĹڣʱûΣա
Ҳڴܣ۶˿˶٣ɫ΢һЩ仯
ǡз졣

ɶȷ
ۡ
Ӧûˡ
ü
ؼ磬ÿһ綼ȫģſ϶ȿ϶ڣǱΪз졣
з죬ȵشûаȣѰ·ȻǿʿУʱ̫ãҲϾʿܲԲȫ֧ţûЩͬʱҲûʳǻѪ⾫֮һѪ⾫֮꣬Ҳˣ
ͬʱзУʱﲻһзڹȥһʱ䣬ܻȥһꡣ


1909 ǧ
@#ôܵзˣ
ɴۡ
з죬ǿɲǸõطΣգ
ܻܲˣƮطҲǺ

ڣΪ̮䣬ǵ´ĿԱǳзС
ô˵治Ǹõطѯʣô뿪
ҳ·
˵
зںѰ·ΪУûзпԣˣȴҲѰ·ֻǱȽѶѡңУǵΪڣûбѹƣҲһЩҩȣûЩҩ̵ܣҲ㹻ά£Ҫ
ЩҩȫľҲûϵвǵΪϻľ޾ϢѱꡣϾؼ亱ȻǶЩԽ۾ĴڣҲǲ׵䡣
зںܰʯƮڿУＸûʲô
ǿʿԣжȻûκӰ졣
һУȫûзУʶ֮ʲôãţڣҲûʲôá
һתۣǴУѰҳȥ·ʱȥһ֮á
һµʱ䣬߹طȴûҵ·
ȥһ£治֪˶ãѾʮȥˡ

Դû˵ʲôȥЩСΪзУǲģûʱʱ䣬ֲһһ죬ȥһ꣬Ǽ¡
ȻⲢأӰǵ棬ֻӰǵѡ
кС̫зڣѰҳ·

з֮⣬һƬͨĴӰһ𣬸Ϣˡ
ܹŹ֣ҵ½Ѿȥʮ֮ãȴûиӦǸϢһü˸ĸӦ񱦣ǲдһµ磬ת۾ܸӦǸϢŶԣΪһֱûջ񣿡
ѵˣ
ᣬȥ˸ĸӦ񱦣һʱͻ飬˵ơ
ô£
ףǴһЩĽڣйϢ
ң
˵
˶٣һüʵںεأιû˾ۼ
ƺһż̽Ѱر
һ˵
ѯʵüͷĸƺԴ˵Щʲôû˵ĮˣǰҲӦǸϢȥǷɢȥط̽Ѱܴ̽һЩǸ¡
˵ͷϢԷǳת۸ɢȥ

зڣС̫һ̶ķѰҳ·
˼άֱߣпܴݣ֮
Щ׾Ҳûĺ÷ˡ
ˣתۣһзڣʱȥ
ʱȥһ죬İ취Чˣֱߣٶȼ죬߹޾룬һ췢һݵĴڡ
Գȥˣ
һ޽Ǿϲ
⴦ݲܼ̣Ҳܺ俪ȫԿ·
£춯ֱ֣Ӻһȭǿȭ𶯣һ
ߣ
ڣԽɫСֱ̫̤俪ڡ
ವһһƬâֱʧԭء
ڣֹԲӣǴУûйȥñӿӿĽȫ˳ȥʹ²ȵʵʵϡ
ͬʱͬһʱ䣬δ֪ļڣ߸ӰݣӦ
ˣ
Ӱֱˣ˲Ϣʧ
һӰһڹĹ֮Ун֮֯⣺ʮȡرȡ̸Ϲȥ

졢С̫ʱʵʵϣȥĿɽһһȲϴڵЩɽΰҲܲס
ڳˣ
м
Ҹʣ羿ȥ˶ꡣ

ʱûǲ磬ȻܣϲôܺңеɽЩŷ嶼Ȳϣο磿
£кС̫ŴУúǿʿӰ߹ȥ̵ǰ£С̫㣬ǵۡ
Ѿȥǧˡ
̲סۡ


1910 
Ȼ֪зڵʱ粻һȥ꣬Զֹȥ֪Ѿȥһǧ֮ãһ޻Ƿ¡
ǧ갡ǡ
Ц
ǧôûˡ
ް֪Ͳͨˣûеװǧ£˷۱Щϲģǲף
ʲ졣
С̫ûʲôķӦ´۾⣬ܿͻָ˳̬
Ҳܿͻָ˳̬ˣˣûʲôӰ죬ǧѡ
֮ǰļʿУѾ֪ƬΪͽ硱ǿʿҲͲ񼶶ѡ
кС̫һȭ俪һŻ׼뿪ʮ
һת۹ȥǧȻʮȥ¡ɺͼǣӿҪĶȻʮһأȥѰҲ١
ߡ
£С̫һֱӱǳŻڿȥ
ȻҲʱɫ΢ԽɫСֱ̫ӺˣʮԶ
Ҳʱһڹ֮ǰĵطһղȫ֣ʹһƬֱ
ţµˣǲס
Į𣬲϶ӰΪ꣬Į䣬ɢż˵Ϣ
ѭȥȻȻˡ
۷壬ҡܲһ㣡ֲܿ
ľ
üȻҲǿ˵Ĳͬ
ڴʱѹǿߣɱҼ۷弶ǣЩȴʵǲ̫ˣûа취ȡ
ˣȻоѹ
ңǺܴѹ
ͬʱˣԼһɺܹĸо
ôо֮ǰǣ񡭡ʲôɱ

ɶԱߣݣأ˵ţˣɵҲЩϤ⡭үҲЩӡš
˵ţЩʲôСӣǸղµ磡
ԣعҲ뵽Ǿ仰΢жݡ
ǣ磿
ʵ
ڳµˣô˱Ǿϵ硣
֪ϵ磬Ǵ˵е硣
˿죬һȻȻĸ̬ԺܵĮҲ
α֮ϻֱѹ磡
һңºֱӱǶˣһƳĹ
˵һ֮ʮռһʱ
ûкˣֱ̧֣һȭӭϡ
תۼ䣬ȭƶһֱӱһһ쫷
Уֵ˺һһƬա
ͬһʱ䣬ҲһһƬر
⣿
ۣǺж֪жǿڣΪӦ޵еģ񣬶ҲһǣһνϣȻ졣
ԼȻҲľȻһʼ͸о˶ֵ˺ܲ򵥣ȴû뵽ԷһƣȻܹһȭ
Ծ棬ֵ˱𺳣۵ľı顣
µˣ뱾Կ
ֵͳ
ͬʱһҲԾ΢Ŀϡ
ֵ˵ΪģѪһȻǿ߼ҲΪʢųһ·й޾ѪʥҩͬҲ֮ϣǴ۷壬Ϊ߳٣£ǶԾȴûܹʤ졣
ţ
ڣһһ˳Ӷٴγ
һΣԱȸղŸۻ룬£һŴѹ
⡭
ļ£ʵ̫ˣڵЩȣǸͲһֱʼڰ㡣
С̫ۣ˵֮ŵˡ
Ҳͫ΢ȴǲ˱ܣȭͷӭȥֱȭԷ
߾ֱһȭӰԺ䣬ֱĿռһƬһƬ飬ײ֮£رҲ֮ݣطʮɾ޴籩
תۣʮȥ
ۣ
һ죬˵ȭٴײһѪˮŽ
ŵŵɺˣˣѪˮԿɭɭ׹ǡ
ȻСǿͬһ󾳽ûǿʤСӣ
ԾЦȻֲǿ֮Ȼ۷弶ײ֮ǲС


1911 ǻ
ѪˮƮڿУΪѪҺһƬʺ죬ԵøĴĿ
ܸ֮½ࣿ
֮һǲɵͫһ΢ΪǰһĻ
סΣѿѪˮһ캣ˡ
ѪųڣûмǶ֣Ҫ֮һ޾Ѫʥҩ֮嶼Ǵ۷壬ǣǵײȴһ½ĳ
ϣ
ɭʱٲȻŭˣ¡һڳ
һ̶һѹȥ
ɱ𶯣ʮŤ
쵱ͫ΢˵Щֲһ˿вС
£û˿⣬̫ľתɫܳҲӭϣʱо֮ӭսԷԻԿܵס
ת֮䣬߱ײһֲһܶײĲ

촫յرһѣ˵ܶ£ֳһѺۡ
ӱ֮Ȼܸһ½ĳо裬ܷӿ֮мΪֲ˵ɱ֯Ҳ֪նɱ˶ǿĵˡ
̫ǿˣԶ𺳣ڴҲ۷弶ǰȣȴֱͬһ
ѽ
С̫ۣɢ̫ܲǿˡ
ҲԾԷܺޱȣ𣬶ײ֮¾Ѫ
ⲻò˵һ˵£Ҫ֪ȻŴھ磬ΪȶԷ˲٣Ͼǿֻ壬һ۷Уûʲô֮͸Ҫ˵Ѫˣȴˡ
ȻȻгԾȴûʲô仯û˿ļɵηӡ
˵ףԷײѪȻĶȴǱԷѹˣûʲôˡ
ȭƬ⣬ִɫ֮ȭˣŶԷȥ
¡¡ģʮռĸ뿪и˵쫷Ƭա
⣬ӿ˫֯һ𾪡ΪѪǿᣬҲͨʿʸͲһ֮𣬿ܺ죬һδײ֮£ȫûѹƵڼңһδεײ֮£Ѫʹ
ѾܣѹƲ
ֹǿ󣡡
밵һǿ߶ݡ
¡
ʱǰܴ
ӱ纣漴һſŴԻÿŴǶʵڵһ㣬ѹϰ˻ġ
˲䣬֮˿ǻƣѲ˼䣬ˡ
춯ݣ̼оޱȾ޴ѹԼһ˿вܣʩչ콣նޱ߽â
ͬʱ΢΢üоһ˿ǷϢѪ֮Ĳ
һˣǿѪ

ţϣͬʱЩǣˡ
Ϊֻ壬һѪ츳ͨãȻʱȴֱ޴вУ˵ЩѪ֮ǳ츳ֻͨѪеһ־֡
Ѫ֮У
𺳡
¼䣬Ѫ˲٣һЩѪܽѪ֮УʹڼѪ֮٣ȴһɵѪУǾͺܾˣսǿϼࡣǰˣĸоȴѾȫѪУܿ¡
һѪߣ£
䣡
죬ɫᣬϴǻƣطӳĵһƬǿһ㣬ӿȡ
ȫת콣ɫâһһϣնЩǡ
תۣ߽ȥӡ
һ콣âնƬǳһĺɡ
Сӣ
ԶɫȻˣʱ·
ԱߵС̫ҲԾ
¡
ǰܶһſŴǻƣƸǿٴѹ졣
½ʿվУ
ӱ䣬ĮȻǺ֮ڳһָ߸ϵ̬
޾ת⣬ƺƵѹ죬֮һ
ѾסΣɫ䣬ߡ
Ͻ˲𣿰Ǹ߸ϵ
Į
Ż䣬⣬ɫڣƺȻǡ
ﬣ
̶쳹˻ģԻһſŴǱ飬һ裬ʮǣֱĹᴩţƬѪˮ


1912 ǹһ
ɫâ밵ţѪˮһƬؿڴֳһѺۣѺӣʹ·һѵմɰ㣬Ŀġ
ͬһͫ΢ײ֮£ڳԿһ˲󣬾ȻֱԽâᴩʹðܵصˡ
ײСӹǿ
ЦȴûЦʱʱĿһߵ˺Ͱһģʱ֡
սУѪâɽɫǱñͨ͵һŵĽɫ񽣣ϵĴǱø࣬¡¡
漴ϵĴǱøӾ޴ձðһǿա
ʱ˵Ϣӿȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϵѪɾ𣬺Ѫɫˣʮ
Ѫɫ˳һʴ죬̺Ŀɲħɼһߡ
ѪӲ
ޱᡣ
ߣܣӭϣ콣ͬʱȭһ
̶ĽӺ¡˵ȭֱѹһա
𣡡

һصĽɫâУһͷһͷԻ֯޾ܣƺƵѹķһж֣Ϣˡ
ҵĴײϵĴ̱飬ѪҲǱһ
ߣ¡
ԣħ

ڣ˫Ǳǹһ̣ϣ޾ǽ֯ÿһŶʮɫ֯ƥ֮֮ǰЩϢҲ֪ǿ˶١
Ѫ츳ͨû뵽ľȻôǽ֮
Űһжݡ
һⳡսҲͽˡ
Ȼ
ɴ֮ȥˣѾ½˷ǧ
˿ڣı飬ޡ
Ƕ츳ͨжǿһЩͨĳӭҲüԴǰ½ʺܾˣȰǿһ˿Ҫ°츳ͨȴҲǲܡ
䣡
ѹת۱䵽ͷ
֮УܹñеˣָӦҡ
ûֿİȻȫһڷԹģȻȻĸ߰ӹԼҪһȡ
ʲôҲûУȻȻѾǰѪ츳ͨͬʱҲӦ˿˿ûԥֱԷ
һ̣Ӱ밵Ѫ츳ͨУֱӱǸû
ģЩĪҪֱڴɱҪȥ˴ã
氵һһ˿ڵ
ͷģ֪̱㡭
ৣ
ƿ֮죬ĻѪпֱǰ̧־һȭѹ¡
飡
һȭļ죬ʵʵڰϣֱա
ǣ
ŰһǱɫһѰЩĪҪ츳ֱͨɱ죬ȴ룬һ̣쾹Ȼĳ˳һȭ֮ɫ
ǰЦСͬһ󾳽СѪֱͨԼҲڡ
ֻ壬һѪԵ츳ͨѹ죬ڱ˿һǴɱɶԣȴǵһз͹Լ˻ӡ
ԶսУһȭɰûаͣ٣ֱӷɱƽԷǰȭ콣һʩչȭâͰԵƺƵѹ¡
һʱ䣬۵ģܼȭâܼڰϣֱӽһѪˮϽһױ顣
ϣ
ɭ;ŭƮ겻𣬿ˡ
ղʲôô£
Ķ죬Ҳ벻ͨԼ츳ͨȻûá
ߣԷϻʲôһּ佻ֻ֯ӡֱѹԷ
Ҫ̫⣡
ŭɱ⣬һ𣬺Ȼ䵴һĨ
͵һĻֱӱ飬ȥ
ͫ΢ɿˣܿû뵽ⰵԵôµĻֻͨǿʹ΢ۣУĵԲܣǻܵصĴˡ
ģѪ䶯һת۶ѣ۳
ñŭˣ
죬øǱһȥΪܵס츳ֻݺݻ죬ѹٴ縴
һʱ䣬¡¡ģϵһſŴǽ֯תΪһǳ
Ψһǳ棬ǺϢӿǵ
ǹһ
űӰдΪһǳ𶯣ֱĳѹ䣬̼ʹʮĿռȫ̷գҫʮ


1913 
ǻΪһΨһΪɱν磬ս졣
ΨһһŴǣƥѪԱ֮ǰ츳ͨǿ
ӭŴѹ쵱о˾޴вë׶
Ȼıȴûʲô仯ɲܣӭϡ
䣡
ɫâ죬̧֣콣ͻȭ֮󣬽Ҳһ֯һһڵ󣬺ƺƵϣײΨһǡ
һ̣ײһƬռֱӾһɹɿ磬ˡ
ͰͬʱˣԶѪڡ
ĵǹһȻҲסˡ
Űһ˽ü
һߣС̫ҲľľԭȴǺ˲һ
󾳽ܺСӶôãֱ
üԽӵľðʵЩ£ˡ
ѽ
С̫ĳӶСצӣٲȻΪ
ǰսУɫһЩ
Ѫ۷壬ȥôãȴûܹѹס½һڽսУԼ·
òϣĺܲµ˵һǿ

漴һⲻк嫵Ѫ֯ƶһ֣죬һſŴǣʹϢ
ͬʱһڱӡڳ֯˵ԣΪһ۷
ڱƱóȫսҲûмˣ
ĵ
󣬺¡¡ģһѹ䡣
ʮռһʱŤϢ֮ǰΨһǿʮࡣ
ӭĹƣıû˿仯ϡ
ˣ
һ̣ϼֻͼʥϢƺƵӡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڳһűԣΪһꪣȻǵ趴
ֻͼһӭ϶Էɱƣתۼײһ
¡¡ģϢƵܵһ̮
ײУͬʱȭӰӡҲڲϻתۼײʮ
ۣ
һıꪺͰıӡ£ֻͼȴվȶԷǿһԷֱڶԷϣԷİѹķ顣
ŭ㡭Ѿǿսȴûܹѹ죬ٴαˡ
û˵ʲôȴ΢ΣɫҲԵñ֮ǰ԰һЩ
ڸղţȻ˶Է˶ԷʵҲЩɣڵѪڷ񶯵һɹɵľʹһЩˡ
еĸо˰Ŀ£ֻͼײ֮£Ȼֻͼˣķȴ֮ܽˣĺǿᡣ
ŰЩ䣬̫תɿϢ޸ƣٴζˣһһӰǲԷֱӺȭ
ˣ
һ죬ȭת۱ǰ
ݣ
Ҳʱһ죬ŰһˣһɫĻʮգѹ졣
Ȼż޵ȣ·Խһжٻ٣ʹֹסŲƿʮԶܿĺɫ档
治
һ֣ĪҪٺķʱ䣬ЩѹȥĪõȴ̫á
ˣŷֱΪסǧ꣬ʱⶼԽ֯Įȫϡ
һؾ۳뿪ڳһѹ죬û˵ΪݵĽĸоǿѿԶѹ졣
һʱ䣬վһǿѹס졣
΢ǸӦѹԼϵϢʹһɷǳевУ·һԼͷҪѹ¡
ֻǣıȴûʲô仯෴˫һƾâ֯
ҺΣ

ˣÿ˶ǿ˵˺һȻȻǿɲصѹѹûηӣԼļս
䣡
ɫâڳƵֱϾһɹɵĿ쫷硣
ǿ󣬷ǳǿ󣡲ȴſˣĮѪһƺɫƣͼһ˿ҵˣ޴
仰䣬ɫٻһУһ׵ĺˣƺƵѹ졣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳһ֣Լȫȥ
⣬ɫâ𶯣콣ҩ淨෨һԻܱ֯âٳͬʱӭĴ


1914 
һ֣ǵƲͬ죬ԸоˣžѪ
䣡
չˣطһһɵܷ籩սˡ
˸Įۻ룬ֱݺᣬǰʱûܹѹ죬ʱɱǳŨңֺأ޾ǻϡ
ҵײ߹ǿܽ֯һռ̮Ҳ³ݡ
һսʱԴĿûκǼƣȴʱʱһɾʹʵǰ̫һˣÿһľУҪȫӦԣһˣѹȻǷǳ
ֻǣȴûаɵηӣоâտտŲԡ
ǧǿչͬķΧ죬ۻ룬󣬶ǲɵ΢΢üΪϣ˵ת۾ѹŶԣʵȴǣʱͬʱסˡ
ӵĮһһɫѹ졣
۷籩
ɫĻӿ磬ȺˣΪѪһ֣ˡ
Ȼˣܶ˴룬ֱȥ
鲻䣬ڳɫĻ棬ɫķ籩ӭϺɫĻ档
ײ͵ĺɫһֵĺɫȼ
ףͫһ㾹Ȼƿ𣡡
ף˵еܷٻͷ򣬷ǳ¡ңǿԿ¼һл棬Ҳһȼմ
ھȻд׳¶ݣ۵ǲɵ¶һ˿˿â
豾
ŵͺȣܸŨɫĻ߶ĸǿңıڳսһֱ۷Σ̬ѹ졣
Ѫѹ󣬿ֱӴڽ׳ᣬⴿĺѪ֮ڣʹѪøǿٱǿ屶ԣֱһ۱ջҪ޴
ߣһ״߶ĸǿᣬɫ񷶼ǡ
߽棬ֲһĻһΣûٱջ٣봿ײ󣬷͵죬ϵֱӸȫڻˡ
䵭ȴ̲סԾֺɫ浱£ʱ򣬾ȻȫסĴףûٱ׸ջٵ
⣡
ĮǧڣƬռкֳѪ꣬ÿһѪ궼ԵÿɲˣӾ˵ѪɷϢ·Ҫ顣
Լ䣬˻ʴЩѪдǸĿη죬ɢԹŨˣǿ춼ɵüһɺ
ֻǣȴ䣬ΪԿóЩѪ궼ƶɣǵݻЩѪУСӤУٲȻ֮бַ꣬ģ
䣡
̶һʱը죬Լɱʮ飬һ̣ڳΪɱ⣬һʱת޾䡣
ɲǼ䣬طֱӻһƬɫ׺ǲ˲ǳǧǰֱһȭԷš
˵һһȭۻ룬ɱ֮ͶԵٶȿЩֱֲǧϡ
ǧͷ­ķ飬ԽѪˮһС
ңһ̣ȭӣͷ­µҲֱ
ǧ겻־ŭɿĳйǺˡ
㣡
ٶȷǳ죬ƴź󱳳һܹת˲ǳǧǰнֱ֯ӳڶԷϡ

ҽǧдת꣬ɱΪ߶Ի֮ϣȻһֻԴ
𣬲ҽ֮УǧһĹѡ
˶ݣָݻǿɱƣѹ䡣
ƣٴ۶ҪٸǧһʱӭµĹƣȴòƿȥɣΪղѾӲһֹ˲ˣһΣܲ
䣡
Ѫâ𶯣ǧͺѹڻϵĻ֮
ĳӣ
¶죬ǧû֮ǰᵭĮ˫۱һƬɭղţֱС


1915 
죬ǧĿ⺮䣬תؾ۳µѪ긡ֶ
˿˿ƵɷѪ˻𳤿ա
Ŀһɫ粻ϴӲ䣬Ķǧ
һ̣ˣЯϣֱǧȥ
ɣ
ǧͺͬǰ㣬г˴ɱúŨ
ͨâƣǲʩչĲӰ콣
һʱ䣬ϵĽ̶ǳƬƺƵĳǧȥ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫һƬƬѪһһѪ걻顣
Щ꣬ȫǧ˿ɱߣʧȥңûνֻؿԣֻĨɱĨɱǣǽѣټ
һϣսپ
ڣһʶгͬʱǿ
Σ
ڣһӿ֣ÿһĶѹϢͬʱһѹ졣
ͬʱҲһ֣ϻƳ
̼䣬¡¡ģһչ򣬽չҸѪǳŨңĪͨԻ
⼸˵һˣ
ĥߣǵǡ
Ϊǰĺܿ£ӵŰ󾳽ʱ
С̫Ҳһ˲˲ĿսУ۾ЩɫΪ쵣ǡ
䣡
ǰսܹһƬһƬںƲ֮۶
ط·Ѻƽһ㣬ռڱѣڳݣˡ
΢˵İƱƬ⣬ʮԶ
סΣѪһѪˮ˳
֮ǰΪǧӲ˰˵һֹѾ˲ˣ˿̣˷ɱƣѹʹ˵ĸء
ֻǣȻˣıȴûһ˿һı仯ڶĮ
һϣһκβң

Ż䣬һȻһ֮Ȼǣɱ⣬طԲɷΧĿռȫĹУʥԵϢ档
ƺߴǧˣȫĹƸˡ
ɫһú࣬ɭ
ˣԺųΪ𣬿һΧһ½ĳȴȻԷһԼȫˡ
䣡
𶯣Ϣӿ£øǿ߶ĸǿԵѪϢһȼգ˵㡣
Ϣһһʱ䣬ĺѹ죬ǳˡ
͵ģתۼǱĹƸ֧顣
漴˵һεˣٶȺܿ죬ѹǰ
ݻһһֵͬʱӭͨ
򣡡
ѹǰܼķϽ֯һԻԣסУֱĳͷѹ䣬Ҫ쵱ѹ
ͬһʱ䣬˼ǿԵҲһʩչ㣬ϸԵӼͬķǰȫܵĻᡣ
΢͵Χ֮£Ѫĸ嶼ɵһѺ·һ̾Ҫ˵ͨɱֱӸ顣
ֻǣıȻûб仯Į
ˣ
ԼŨɵڷɳϱ鲼ӡǣɢһɰԵϵϢʼһֱʮգѹ˻طƲײ˺ѹ



һʱǧͰֱӱѣֻǱɵԲһԳܣƬ׹䡣
ǾŭǺķѲСľ۷弶ȴȻͱֱӻٵˣǶһ޴ʧ
һ̣Ƕݣڷɳɵ
ĸȻôŨ
˵еĺ쾧ɣ
𺳡
ͬʱҲݣĿֱֱĶɵ
ûдôŨĺĸֻд˵еĺ쾧Իĳ
½ϣȻѰ쾧
⡭
𺳡
쾧ҲǴ˵жռģֵ
һ˲䣬ವƿͬʱ䶯ˣȫסɵϢøŨһߺ죬һ̧߽֣ɵץȥ


1916 һ
Ժ쾧ɵرʣֵ̫ˣľ
¡¡ģӿ֮ǰǿӸͬķѹ䡣
쾧Էָһƽ֣ٶԼıԴ

˽Եͷܱøˡ
̽Լ߶ǿˡ
Įη壬һɵ֮𶯰˻ġ

һ촫ɵײ϶һʱ佫Է顣
ΪıԴɵԺ쾧ɣҾһһεϴֵ޾ʱ޿ȻȻǿƥƽռһĵˣòżɵʱǰȴĲһ㣬ǿһˣòɵⱾԴ

һ촫ɵײϺת۽֧֮顣
漴ɵλѹҲһ飬
нкâ٣ۣǴ˿ȴû˵ʲôֻĿɵ֮ϣǿܺѪֻҪǶڵԵ٣㲻ʲô
ĹҲ˺һѪӿˡ
޾壬ɵ𶯣ϵӡǷ·һ㣬֯һƵƣʥϢƵӭ˼һѹ
͵һ˼طһʱ䱻ɵķ飬֮֮һƵƣܵǴݿܷ籩תۼ佫ȫ𿪣ԴڿѪ
úúãԺ쾧ɣ
ǵѪɵĿԵøӳң˻ȸС
һ̣ڳ˵âѪ֮ʶһԻֲһϣ֮еķ·ǹϵۡ١
ͬһʱ䣬ǲ˿ȫֶ֣֡
ʱɸµ﷭ӿйԻһ罻֯˻ģĩϾҪ١
Ϣ
Զļ£ʱɢϢȸղǿ̫ˡ
ѽ
С̫ǰս۾дһЩǡ
ս֮УȻȻҲо˴˿ɢϢжǿȻɵҲǲɵ΢о˾޴в
¡
ֱѹ˹ѪʶԼʮ־տһѹ䣬뽫С
ɵӲսչ֣ײ
飡
һ죬ţֱӵɡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ĺһϣֱӻֻ
ʺѪˮƮڿУоһɹ׶ĵʹУҲ˶Ӹǰ˵Ŀ£治һɱȣ۵ʱ
ת̫壬ɵâţ֮֮ӿȡ
һ˺˵ˮϢȴǺˣ׷ܣ˵üĴȥ
ߣ
ǻƣ˺ˣٴγѹ
ͬʱҲѹԵ֮֮⣬ϡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģӿѪ֯ʥʰ㡣
ɵӭսʱʱˣʱɢ̫ǿᡣ
ֻǣıȴûʲô仯
һ̣һӿֻͼںϣתۼ佻֯ǿֻͼ
ǿֻͼһһɸӺ嫺ϵϢԻˡ
ֻͼɵһȾѪȴ˫ɲǱ˵ط˻ġ
ƺߴƬʺѪˮȫɿȥ
˵ˣһҲһκβң
ĮֻͼԦɵϣٴγѹȥ
Ҫſ񣡡
ҵȺһ½ûԣ
䣬ִһһʩչ
¡¡ģطתۼ仯ɱձ飬سݣ
սֶһδν˸ĺɡ
Ҳǿ£ԶһȣǾףһδα˵ͬʱҲһδνˣֲͬѪڷɽ
תۣ˼սʱȥ
ʱȥԲǧڣسʮɣձòƲ
ɫʱüΪ԰ף˼صˣȻȴ⣬ԻȾѪϢúܻҡ
ǰˡ
ȾѪһһƬܷ籩ɡ


1917 Ӧ
˺ɣڿѪϢüΪңͬʱҲΪ
ôܣ
ɫ࣬ŽǾ
ţԼﶼųˣ˺ȴȻвһ½ĳ
ţ
ͺɫˢ쵴ܲ
ʣһͨܿ¡
ͬһʱ䣬һ֣ȻҲԸԼ˺Ҳв죬һչֳ
¡¡ģӿϢˣͬķ
ܣˣȭ߶ǰļޡ
ˣ
һ죬ٴαĺɣá
ͬʱҲǵ΢Σɫ԰ЩѪһ󷭹һѪˮӿѪǰȾһƬ
ûֹˡ
ԶɳȥסΣ񻪷ӿѵ޸壬ɫһʱøѿ
ˣ
һҧ
ߣ
һҲڣ״ʵǺ⣬սȥǻѡ
£ûκԥɭɨ죬תԶȥ
һֱ׷ϡ
ŸոտȥԶֹסΣӿѪˮ
һ֮սȻѹˣԼȴҲ˼صˣʱ򼸺ǸɿˣҪ׷նɱٲȻǲ̫ܡ
ӵʱͦ
վԭأ˶ķ΢΢ת̫ˡ
˿̣ȾѪɫܲ԰ףϸطѺۣѪʱԾϡ
ҲʱವС̫˹
Сӣô
üʵͬһ󾳽ڵʿս쾹Ȼ˵أȻ棬Ѿǲ֪ûмˡ
С̫Ҳǳеѯ졣
޷ûд󰭡

˿˵ĺأΣֻҪһʱܹȫָ
ô˵С̫Ƿ
Ǽ˻治ˣȷʵǿ󣬶򡣡ڣɻ˵ǴΪץ㣬ҪʲôʲôʱǹǸˣ
룬ҪôǵǸʮʥʹҪôǵǸӰЩйӴйڵģֻôˡ
֮ûж˵ʲôкС̫뿪õϢһơ
ܿ죬һ뿪طԶһƬɽѰһǳεڡ
ܲһؽ磬ϥ£̫תĸӿ١
С̫һΪ֮
ˣһתۣʱȥ
һ죬쳹޸壬С̫ӻɽȥ
ǽʲôȥѰϽҳȫ׵ֱӻʮ򣿡
ʵ
Ǻܷ£ʱǣʮ졭
쿪ڣ˵꣬һƫͷƬ綫
ڸղţʶе񽣾ΥĲһ£߲ʹ⻪Լָ
ǵȸоٲȻǸӦµĽƬ
ԾƬнƬĴڣ
ôСӣ
ǿ
ҪĶ򵥵
ûж˵ʲôֱն𣬳ƬĶȥ
Ȼ棬ȴǲûжʲôֱȥ
С̫ȻʲôҲʣȥȥ
һٶȺܿ죬ʱǰһ޴ԨһƵĺɫƶ𣬼˿˿ƱаϢЩ㤡

ݡ
Ȼ߶ȣʱǰ޴Ԩȴûɵһ⣬·һϵۣЩļ¡
ȻǴ죬˿Ҳ΢طов
վԨԵ˶٣ȥСĵĸҡ
Щ£ǿûɵļܹо·Σա
ȻˣȴǵȥΪ֮ǰʶе񽣶߲ʹ⻪ֱָطԿ϶·ŽƬĴڡ
ˣȻͱȥƬ˵ǷǳҪģڱڵӻҪҪҪȥƬȡ
£һ޿粽£ԨײĽȥ
ʱǶٶȷŵĺΪԨԷǳһ㣬ǱҪԴһ˿һи
ܿ죬Ԩϳ·˴һɵľ롣

Ԩ֮ºƮ𣬶󣬺кһֶ⡣
ʲôˣ
ͫһ


1918 ɽ
Ԩ֮£ϵƮ𣬴һ˿˿ĺ⣬ͬʱһ΢Ʈк˵ϢԵײһͷ·
ȻҲоϢожϣһʱۣǿһͷϳ壬ڵɷɣ˻
Ȼһа飬ɷ
ֱ̧֣ӱһ֮ɫ磬аȥ
͵һͷа鲢Ǻǿ࿰񼶱ת۱Ǳ顣
Ƭ磬ǿʿҲ񼶣һͷа飬ȻҲܴﵽΡ
ЩԾ
쵱ȻҲ뵽һ㣬ԨµЩ治򵥡
С̫СһЩ壬Ԩȥ
֮תۣһʱȥ
һʱ䵽ԨײȥԨ±ж죬ɫɽһƬһƬƽϣĿһ߾ߵĺǣʬ᳡㡣
ΪҪǣЩУвٻڽ֯ŵ΢⣬񼶺Ϣʹһ޶Ƕݡ
ʲô
𺳡
ôһԨ£ʬܼ񼶺ʬУҲ٣Щǿôطģ

ͻȻһ촫Զһͷ鲼Ѫ֣ǣۣпӰ㳤ħ˺ҧһ֯ʬۡ
ۼѪɫɫͺɫֲͬɫʣԶɭĵĶһޡ
һ޵һͷƤһ顣
ʬޣ
һ
ֱӣֱԽɫסС̫ͷԶܡ
ʬޣרʬ͹ʻѪϲǾԵޣֹһΣһɵһͷطʬȴļ£ΪԷϵϢ̫ŨˣһУһ۷ʰ㡣
ʬɭȻˣ˰죬ȻɫҺԿһ߼˺ҧ֯Ϣֱۣһֱӳһ׷ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ת۱ǿȥԶ
ѽ
ۼ׵
ѽ
С̫ʹӣͷʬǵϢŵˣ̫¡
ҲǸоļ£ȴҲûֻӶݣɵڳ֮ݺݵײʬޡ
ʬ˹ǻ۲ߣֱӺɵײһһײĺɡ
ȻźɳȥʮԶסһٶȸˡ
һߴС̫ӣһԿرƿɵӭԷ
һʱ䣬ģɵһδνʬɡ
һδ˶ԷȴûʹöԷܵһ˿һ˺
𣡡
һδαײɣʬٲȻŭˣ˻
Ԩ֮£ӿʬ۶ˣûһޡ
ʮɸߣһУǿ춼оͷƤ飬Ҫ汻ûҲܼصĴˣܵԴʬȾ
ֱӼֻͼɵһֵٶԶܡ
ܿ죬ǰһɽߣܵʬܼв֩ܡ
׷ʬͻأͣдԵļɵ
ںǿɽߣ
ݡ
ȻҲ˳󷽵ʬԶǿɽЩη塣
ʬ޿ɽߣֿˣֿɽߣ˶٣Ŀ
ȻȻηǿɽߣȴҲʧ졢С̫ʻĿ
졢С̫ɽߵķˣ˵ĺܻٶʬޱٶ൱
ǿʰʬηͼɵǶ֪ǿɽ߲򵥣ӦúΣգ뿿ʬޱȴûа취ֻɽߵķ򿿡
𣡡
ɽߵķƶʬ޵ֻŭһ߻Ŀһޣһ߷ĵͺھ˲ǿɽ߿
ǾͲɽȥ
ڣͶԷ˵
ʬȻõǷͺ𣬰˵Ϣ䱸Ŀǿɽߣ͵٣һ⣬˹
Ȼ˽ɽǰٶȽһ˸ʳ
ÿ죡
󾪡
һֱڽ䱸ŶԷŶԷȻ٣Ҳ٣ǲС̫ɽڵλƶܿʬ޵ͻϮ
𣡡
ʬٶȵͺеŭŨҲԵøŨһޡ
ҧʬ޻ǽ׷ᣬûа취ǹɽ߿ۣܲµΣգȴԼٳɽڳȥΪû·ˣɽ壬ǻطֱӱʬ޵ʳ
৵һٶʱܿ죬һγɽڡ
ʬ޾ŭĿ壬ֹס
𣡡
ٴηͺ̬¶

ʱɽ֮ײ࣬˳
ʬ޵ëը֮ǰͫУֱӸֳ־ı飬ವĵͷܣ˲ӳطԶ


1919 ɽ
һȻҲˣȴûиоʲôֲ룬ͷʵʬ޾ȻͻȻǰ־壬ֱǵͷܡ
Ҳ뿪
ô
ȻûиоײʲôΣϢ֪ʬΪǰ㺦£ܻԭڣܿ϶ɽ߲򵥣ƵأͷвǵʬѾ뿪ʧûбҪټ
ߣ
ʱ뷨һ
£һ߳ɽߣԶȥ
Ȼһ̣ݣֹסŲƫͷɽڿȥ
ڸղţʶеһζˣһ߲ʹ⵴ֱָɽ
ԨµĽƬɽڣ
΢
ʵôˣ
С̫Ҳͣ£졣
ҪҵĶӦþɽڡ
Ȼ
⻰һۣһǲȥҲýȥˡ
Сĸ󡣡

ⷽɽ߲򵥣ΣգƬܴУȻȥ
кС̫̫ľͬʱתɽȥ
ɽͨܿɣʮɣһ޳ȥ;һһߵʬҰУǿһӣҲ
ɽ浽ʲôȻôǿߣ⣬ֱǡ
ļ¡
ҲǳԾиӾ˼֡
һӣ֯ܣС̫󣬻ǰС
ɽУϵʬˣϢҲӿ¡˺棬ۼʬѾķѣĲӡ
СһЩԾʱ˳ȥ

ɽʵЩˣۼʬˣһʬ
ԵøӽҲɽڶȥ

ײٴ𣬴ɽ֮ǰЩ
ʹһ޶ǲɵֹϾ֮ǰʼǿߵͷ޶ܣͻȻֳ֣ʶľ;¡
˵棬ûʲôµĲͷʬ޵ʲô
벻ͨ
ҲΪ벻ͨٽʬ֮ǰǵηģŸԵÿ¡
Ҳ˼Ҳ벻ͨôСһЩ
СһЩܲд
䣬С̫ɽ֮ڶȥ

ײٴδһΣһˣȴûֹֻǱԵø䱸ܣɽȥ
תۣһʱǰĿռͻأÿ貹
߲ʹâǰӿһתһתǣǰһƬԼԲʮҵƽ̹أһȭͷС߲ʹ⻪Уһʵţȫɣʱʱ໥ײ졣
ǡǶֿۣôһ߲ʹԴ߲ʹԴЩײ󷢳˫۵ɵĸԲ֮ǰôģЩʵʻ
ѽ
С̫Ҳۣû뵽ǵȻôġ
ȻһͶݣĿĵ߲ʹԴϣĸоˣǽƬ󣬽Ƭǹһ¾ˣǽƬɵ̫࣬ʹЩڽƬ۳ʵʵ
ȫ۳ʵʵֵˣ
ͷʬޣɽߣƬͬʱ˵һôһֲ룺Ǻ뵽ɽڵĽƬˡ֮ǰηɽߣҲΪɽнƬ
ƬʥϺ֮аħ￿ػᱻˣʬޣаһƬڽƬû񽣱££һʱͻýƬĹâѹҲѲƤ
֮뵽һ⣬Ԩʬ鲼ǰߣɽڵʬǿΪʲô
ѵǵЩ˷ֽƬǰᣬ󡭡
в²⡣
²⣬վԭأ˶ٺȻܿ϶ȴҲÿԺܴ
ٶ룬ɨһܣûзκΣպֱӳǰȥܿƬԡ
Ϊʶ񽣱ڣĿƬûκһ˿Ŀܣڵһʱ𶯣ɢ貵߲ʹ⣬ವһЯһֱĳڡ


1920 ʼ
Ƭʼһ壬쵱оһΪƬںһΪʵʻҲһڣһʱо˺嫵ѪǶʹҪȰű㡣
𺳣Ȼ֮ǰ͸ӦΪʵʵǳˣȴû뵽㾪ˣԼ֮ǰص͹Ϊʵļֵƾʵʻȫܴﵽ۷塣
£Щϲֱ̫ľתޣʼɿ
ˣ
ʱ⽻֯տտâңâҲһԻ
ͬʱƬûʶײ񽣱ڣͬǰ㣬һƵ߲ʽǰŻܣڸ䡣
ɢԱø貣Ӿˣȫ
ҲʱʶпһȱĻ棬ܼʿ棬ѪȾգһ񷣬ֿһͷޱ߲ʹɡ
ʹݡ
Ȼ
һڵʵʻ߲ʽ⣬һ
ʶͻأֵĲȱ棬ȻǽƬ¼£֮ǰ²ǰ㣬ԨµЩʬȻǵĽƬǰᣬ䡣ʬޣҲΪƬ˵ʼɽη塣
ٶ룬̫ľתĸ죬ٵڵܡ
С̫Ƿ־ɽߵ࣬СĵĽ䱸ܣΪ

Ƭɽ䣬Ũ˷ӿ
Ӱⷽɽ䣬һξ룬вͬĹԻơ
ǵϢЩ΢ϴԵˣ˿ʮơ

ˣȻǰǧ˵ļأֱʱȬɫԵúѿ
ৣ
ͻȻ΢죬һ⻷Ʒǳ˵Ϣ
˽̧ͷȥָֻƽ
漴ˣ˵ɫԵЩ
㵹ǹУ
ǧ
½磬ѹ磬֮ǰȴδȴԼˣвá
ڵϢ˵İˣɵöݣˣ
΢һ˿ɫ֮ǰӦϢˣΪ̽ѰһϵżûиϹȥʱҲԶԤƵĶ࣬ʱѭ˵Ϣϵ׼һȴ룬˾Ȼ˲ˡ
òǱǸ࡭
˲ǲ³һЩԭѵ֮ǰ˸ӦϢȥѻǸһش
ǧߣɫѿ
Ǹ࣬ܲ򵥣

ݣŰ㻰˵Ĳ²ûд
гԾ˿ɶһ𣬾ȻǸǷѹˣ
½ǰѾ֪һЩϢǸƺֻڼ𰡣ǧ˶Ǵ۷壬ھô£˺Ȼɰˣ
ʵϣ֮ǰڣ˺Ҳδо԰ս֮ѹߡ£Щ鷳
ۻͬʱϢƣâơ
Ȼ½ôǿʵ

ǧû˵ʲôҲ΢ȻĬ˶Ļ
Ƕݣû뵽˻Ϊ
ߴԺųÿ˶ǧ˾Ϊ˺Ҳܰٷְѹһ½ĳӳԾǸǷѹ࣬ǰǿ󣿣
һ̣еľɫʧˣָƽ¶һĨĮЦ
ǺǿעҪѹ
ô˵΢Σһӡڸһʱųԡ
ǣ
ʼı
ǧ˽Զݣ¶֮ɫ
㡭
˿ŻǳԾȻʱ
ȻһЦ֮ǰżãһһڴŲŵ⣬ǹżӴ󣬻嫵Ĳ֣һ˵ѽ̽ѹˣһǰѰ˵
˲ʦֵܣҲѪԵϵȴͬһڣƽؼϵԣ˲δʲô
ǧԣ¶â
ã
һʱ㹻ѹֻӣҵٺȥ̽Ѱڹż
⣬ǳϺö٣к쾧ѹҵƽֺ쾧Լ
̿ڣʱҲûжڻ֮ǰδϵǸֵڹżǶԣش

Ԩ֮£ɽС
ˣ
⣬ɫƣâ֯ϢԽԽǿΪɿĳ
ϾҪﵽˣ
ɽһ߻ͬʱҲйע죬ϴԵľɫ


1921 ʧ߳˵Ļ
ɢ߲ʹĽƬڣûȥãΪѾڵڼԾٶʵЩ죬ˡ
ϾǴΣҪһС̨ףѶʵ̫ˣԶԶ֮µЩ󾳽ȣ
ʵʻʵǡ
²ӦǺʵʻйء
ʵϣȲ²Ⲣûдȷʵˣʱڼת̫ľڵԼƬ߲ʽ⣬ʵʻ̵ʵ̫ˣΪȴʱƬ߲ʽǿ̫̫࣬ȫûпɱԡ
ȻǾԣʵʻܾˣʵҲΪƬǿ˵ȫǽƬĹ͡
ˣ
âƣ̫ľתļ죬ĽɫâҲ֮øˡ
ˣһۣʱȥ
䣡
ʱȥһɰڳϯһɹܷ
ʱʱ䣬һڵ߲ʽ⣬һڵʵʻΪʱֱͻƣڲδﵽڲΡ
ʱڵ߲ʽѾȫƬУȶʵʻʣ²٣С
ͬʱУҲΪȹΪ硣
һʱ䣬Ľɫ񻪸ŨڷɿâҲŨ
ˣתۼʱȥ
ʱϢ֮ǰǿᣬǿ˲٣ʱ˫ۡ
һﵽ۷塣

߸ʱʱ䣬ʵʻͽƬ߲ʽ⣬Ϊﵽ㣬ôһܴﵽ۷弶Ρ
ңΪҲͬʱʵʻΪǺȹ̡
Ӽڵܱøӻøǿʶ
ͬʱҲ֮ǰǿ˲٣սǿ˺ܶࡣ
ܺã
лһĨâȻϲ
漴΢ƵԺ͵âԻɢ˵ڡ
߲ʹԴжٰ
С̫ʱ˹ֳôһŹԴܳԾʵѾ̫ⶫˡ
˵
ҡͷ
ûж˵ʲôɨɽߣкС̫뿪
ĽƬѾȡûµıҪ
Ƕܿ죬ת۱߳ɽߡ
ɽ⣬ʬһ߾ߣܼķֲţѪˮĵǣŨҡ
Ѿ֪ЩʬΪδطҲͲ⣬кС̫һֱӴطգԨ֮ȥ
ԨΧɫƣŨ֮ǰͷʬ޵ûٳ֣Ȼ֮ǰɽڴʹöԷΪ㤣뿪ûٿ
ǣûкķѶʱ䣬һޱڵԨϣԶȥ
תۣʮɽ˦
䣡
ͻȻһһӻϢڹԶٶȼ졣
ǵһʱӦɫâС̫ƳȥʮԶܿڹ⣬ǷվλãֱӱƬ
ĸ˵
˳ڹķ򿴹ȥ
ߵӰվһ𣬸ϢɫǺĮ
ͬһʱ䣬ȻҲˣ˺ϤȻǧͺ
һˣʶȴõǧΪͬ
ûȥǣǵԼ֮ǰûбŰ񫣿
ƽ
Ȼһʹǧ˽ɫһ뵽֮ǰгԿĻ档
ӣҪ̫⣬һʱʤ㲻ʲô˭Ц˭Ӯң

ЦʧߵĻԴԼܡ
ɫɭ죬ɱ
ϻֱѹ
ǧڣ
һ־ڴ죬ȷʵоϢǧ˺ܣٻЩš
һԣսǷǰǿᡣ
˵
ΪǿߣǵȴڶĴڣѹץһ½ȴ֪Էǿ˼սȻԸţҪһԡ
䣬ûԥ֮һʱڳƺƵһĹӣһʩչĺĴ֮ͨһƺƵѹ䡣


1922 ʱ
ѹ䣬ЯܣԶһ۷ܾ߱Ϊˡ
ת֮䣬ӱѹ䵽ͷЯһķ
ӭȻѹǰĺڷ趯ϵıȴûа仯

ôܼ򵥣̧־һƣһֱӳȥ
͵һѹ˲䱻һ顣
ǰ죬ս̫࣬ǹ̬
СĹ档
ǻӵĿ£оĺȴһƾ͸ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ݣҲ¶ɫ
ڣҪﵽ۷ˣ
ǧͫ΢һһƲǴΪ¶ʹ𺳡Ҫ֪ǰЩӣ컹ֻǲڶѣɹȥôգȻѾҪﵽ۷ˣô죿
ߣ
֮󣬿ȷʵǿȴûоʹ˰ֺϣһߣٴγ֣һιϼͬʱʶԼ츳Ѫֱͨչ۷弶ս˺Ƶٴι졣
ѪΪѪ͹ԣǿһʱͬʱʶ츳ͨںϺĻĺܺˣȻ£ⷽգʮռ䲻ɵһڶһС
΢˫ۣòϣһǿ󣬺ܿ£ǰЩӻڵƻķϼܵһһˡ
վǰɱȡ
Ҫ۷ˡ
ˣ
ӿֻͼһʱ𣬻һĨԣֱѹǰȥ
͵һɲǼѣֱӱֻͼķ飬ͬʱֻͼƲһĨͬˮưѹ
ۣ
Ļֱӱ飬˺ʮɣ˲ãⷽѪˮʺĿ
ȷʵǿ
ԶסΣɫԵЩѿѾǿսȴ׾ͱˣȰᵽҪǿ
˽ֶݣΪ˲٣սҲǿ̫࣬ǰЩӣһʱ䡣
쿴Żǧˣƽ˿ȥ
û˵ʲôĿȴԣȻҪȫ£Ĩɱ
ӭ߹˵ɫһƽǼΪƺǶ˵һӡ
ֱѹߣ

ͬʱǧͺҲ㿪ڡ
ͷ⺮䣬ϡ
ȷʵǿֻǱѹ
ᣬһ̣һӡֱڸʼһֱԣⷽռڵĿֹͣⱦӡĳֱüž
쵱ֹлһĨɫ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ʧɫ
ʱ
ɵò£ڱӡɢѹ̫ǿˣ궼ڷ
ӡͷž챦âʼѹ˿˿Ƶĵ
ᣬԷΪʵʵҵȻ磬ٳһЩͷ
죬Į
ʼӡһָ߸ϵ̬صž
ͬʱ˵ҲԱĮȻһڿͽĿ⡣
վԭأӭŻʼӡһʱһвһУʵʼı̫ǿˣֻ壬ҿҪﵽ۷徳ȴҲɵסȲεıӭֻ
ıȴޱ仯
̣ûʲô塣
ƽ
Ż䣬߲ʹ⻪ӿ˿˿ƣ漴߲üĳͷһʱɢѹصԣϡԵ
ɲǼ䣬طӿ񷶼֮ɫһĴѷ졣
ǣ
һϲ쾹Ȼʱ򻽳Ǳ񽣣
С̫Ҳǵۣ֪ڵжô£ն
ͬһʱ䣬ɫоʱ򻽳жôֲͷʼıӡڷͬʶ㣬Լڰ
ǧҲ
ǣ
ȻܣУ֮ǰһսʱΪûлʱǻοǰ㼤սǻʱ߲
ӦЩӵʲôԵŶãͬΪҲ֮ڼ̵ʱͻͽ
־ŭ


1923 Ų
߲񽣣ӭǵƣ˶ͷһ
ûʱΪдԵԶ
ҧǧͶ뷨һ£ΪǰնΪǰ񽣣֮ǰһսʱȡĨɱˣʱӵ
⻰ĮһЦ
ǰЩӺͰһսûл߲񽣣Ϊ񽣲ƿأΪ֮ǰպѰһµĽƬ񽣶ٻڻԾ״̬УԽ֮
ȻȥͰ˵ΪûǸҪ¸
Կıӡǿ󣬻ҵ񽣷
Żץסͷ񽣣ն¡
וּһһ̶Ľһ߲ʽֱնǰ
һʱ䣬Ϊ֮ѿһѷ졣
һ̣߲ʽǰͬʱһ֡
ݺһʱıӡ߶ʹ߲֮ʽӭϣͬʱһ֣ԼͰͬʱס
߲ʽâתն
һӡһʱķѣƬķҲһ飬ͬʱɣһڿѪԲѺۡ
㡭
˸Ŀ
һʼıȻ㱻ٵˣֻնһѣ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ҲĶһ¡
ƣǰֲˣۣһ㶣̲סСӣǿһʼôˣܼӰ
ԼҲ΢Ҳû뵽Լնһһ˿һҲûжãƾȻʹﵽȳ̶ȣֱӽʱˡ
ƬԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽǿʧˡ

һ㣬ԹԵҡͷĿǧϡ
߲ʹ⣬ˣһ˦һ߲ʽâ
һΣѹնĽâԶԶûǰһնĽǿֱɱˣΪҪ̽Ѱ£Ҫ
Ȼѹѹ񽣵ܣն߲ʽâɿֲĺˣһʱ佫ոסεߴٴɨɣԴڿѪ
ֻ˲ѣ˸ɫ԰ףϵϢ΢˼㣬ʱ
ʹ˾ŭ㤣ζû뵽ôһڴɱ
ǵƣȻ
ߣ
ҧʱĲˣǿֲ̫ܵ
䣬ֱӸֳһڱ鲼Ƶ⻪һͰ˲ʧ
ɫһ䣺ˣʲô
ҲǶݣߡ
ˣ
У߲𶯣߲֯ԣ߲ӿʶһʱʹǿɨϰ˻ģתۼѰ˵Ϣټ
ǹ
кС̫Խɫ⽫ֱ߲߰һռѷ죬С̫һС
ݵĺڰһ̣ǿգһƬµǰһɫȣͰ˱һ԰ǰһʯϡ
㡭
ȻǵһʱҲ׷ǱɫǻţղʹһżзֵĴŲ˲Ƴ֮ǰƬ磬ԣ۷弶ʶ޷׷ǣȴȻֱ׷˲Ÿո䵽Ƭ磬׷

ҧŲٴδ߶һʧԭء
һʹðʱʱ䣬ʱ֮Żϡ
ߣ߲𶯣ٴռѷ죬׷ȥ
漴һƬ׷ˣһθ׷ϱֱһնȥ
˾㤣죬Ͻִ߶Ųʧԭأڼ䲻ݷ֮ܿȥһâԶֱӽһƬɽȺķ顣
ûԥ߲񽣣֮ǿԼһ׷ˡ
֮һһΣ׷ߴһδαܿ
Ų
׷ˣֱ˶ߣڿ˻ֵϵķ䣬ϳⶫһǳϵĿݻƵ伮ϿļأҲۼǿ߲ƶӵмԶĿԽռ˲ƣһʩչµ˻׷ϡ
ϳŲҲ֪ܣ֪׷ϣȴûֱӷ߲𶯣һδնѷ죬һδε׷ˡ
ֻǣŲĺܾˣһһγɹѡ
תۣһʱȥ߲񽣵ǿһռŻǰʮ׷ˣһ̳һƬǳ嫺ΰĴڡ
֮󣬱֮й֮޲֮ҪŨ

ݣɵֹңңĿƬλá
ʱ򣬽߲񽣵ǿɿǿߵƬĴоһϤϢ
̫ϣ
һһ˿˿â


1924 ̫
̫ϴ򽻵Ҳһˣ̫ϵϢǵúƬ磬Ϊ׷Ѱˣ߲񽣵ʹʶۼĲΣ鲼ʮøӦ̫ϵϢƬġ
ˣ
ǰԻƿٴνŴŲʧƬ硣
̧ȾҪ׷ϣȻе߲񽣿ʼʹɫ΢
׷˰˺ܾã߲ԼƿˣҪعʶ
󣡡
ĵ˾䣬߲໹ƿʮѾ׷ϰˡ
ɶԷ룬ƫͷдâƬġ
̫ϵϢڵ̫ȼһ߻͵Ϯ£¾뵽޿£һֱš
϶
ĵһе̼䱬ԣѹء
һ̣Ϊһȫ߶ޱص񽣣߲Իһֱͨᴩ˲񷣬ƬĴݺݵȥ
ʱ¡һ죬綼Ϊ֮ҡһ貵߲ʽ˲ᴩգβ͵ǳ㣬ֱĳƬĴȥ
漴ݵһ߲𶯣һĨ߲ʹ⣬ʶС
ʮƬĴһϿգ߲ʽնֱġ
䣡
ϢУ̼䣬ټֱӱ飬ҽһ޴ĢƸ֣ĲҲΪ֮ķѣһϯ
˭
޴ĢУһӰǱѣ۹ƣЩҡ
ͬһʱ䣬ĵӰ˽۹⣬ȴԱ࣬һԵøǱ
̫ϴˣ⣬ǡ
Ϊ̫ϵĴ󻤷۾ڣʱϽԴžŭ;ɡ
̫϶߿գϴһЩڳɫѿǺɱ⡣
Ĵ磬ǣڻǿߴڣȴ룬һ쾹Ȼһ߲ʹֱӻٵǣ֮ڣȴĸۻ⣬Ĳ£ûһȫһ
Ȼ˵ڣ㳯ڵ֣ңĺݣ
ڴ
ǣȻ֪˭ڶ֣
۶ֵǷƬ磬ҳ磬ҵκοɵˣѹ
ʱǱˣԼڣԼڣȻᷢ£
ҲʱƬһɽڣС̫䵽ɽڵһСɽ֮ڡ
Ǹ̫ϴƬ磿죬ɽڵСɽȺ콫֪̫Ϣ¸֪С̫ЩԾղһ̫ϰɣ
ղţ߲ȫһƼΪֲļ£ȴҲܸоĵһȻǳ£ȴв̫ǵȼˣϾҲֹһμ̫ϣԷѾ۾ߵͷǿĺܡ

ͷһȻԷҲöԷͷ
϶Ϣ
ô
䣬ֽ֯һ΢⣬üͷʱʱһ¡
ôˣ
ģʱЩ棬ȥٲȻ˼ʲô¡
ѽ
С̫Ҳƫͷ졣
ղţӲ£ƬӦӿҪĳʲôλã޷ȷ
ü
Ͼƹ֪ӿҪֱǻʥԴľƾѡУʥԴľѾѰֻƾѣղ𶯣ٲȻǸӦƬƾеĳ
ҲΪʲôղһ֮û뿪ƬҪԭ
С̫ԶݣƬڣӿҪ
ǣҵ뿪

̫ϾƬ磬ƬʵΣգǣ֪ӿĶԺҪȻˣǾȻý֮Ѱ
ͷҲô롣
ԭǴֱӻʮ򣬲Ǳ鷳ַӿ֮һˣҵλƬٻʮ
ڰǼˣ񲢲֪ȥ׷ɱҲ޴ֻ֣ʱ²ܡ
ȻָľڣȥѰλƬӿ
˵
֮ǰնһķ˲ʣ࣬ҪϢָ¡
ͬʱľѾõ֮ڣӻһɳĺôҲ󣬵ֱӴﵽ۷塣ˣ֮ѰһӿԶҲҪЩ


1925 ۷
С̫򵥵ĵܲһԸ֮ϢйȥͬʱС̫һ߻漴ľȡ
ľȡطһʱǽ֯ޱŨϢ
ǡ
̾ľֻϢŨһ£ǸһϢĸо·ܲϵ޾ԶҲɿݡ
ľ΢΢һľ۷״̬漴ͬʥԴһ㣬ľԣҲʼ롣
ˣ
ʼľ룬Ӻľͬʱ𶯣ľԴӿȥʹʱ֯貵Ĺ⣬һɺ嫵ںƵ·һԭʼԴȪ˰㡣
ͬʱڣ𶯣һƵĻƶһӿӣһ˿˿⻪ϣʹɢĹâʱŨ
ͬʱɢĹâŨҲ֮ıǿ
һʱศɣǣڣȴܹоĳٲȻǱӸϣӵӰǳϢܺΰ
⵽ʲôĵ
ɻ
ֻǣʱȻɻ󣬵ȴܿҲͲȥˡ
ΪɻѾ̫ˣһֱ벻ͨͬʱҲ֪֮벻ףΪΪֻҪΪˣȵӾˣȻȻҲ֪ʲô
ˣ
񣬸ĽľͬʱӵϢҲУ򣬾񲻶ϵ

δ֪Ĵ磬ߵӰһ𣬸ɫ԰ףڴڵĴŴ
û׷ˣ
ûˣ
ԲϢʱȴЩ΢ɫҲѿ֮ǰŲѵĻǧͰˡ
ֻôʱѣȻһ񽣣
Ǳ񽣣ʵҲĶ֣
ģ½磬ȻҲˣ
ǧ˵ɫԷѿĴڣԺųǿޱȣ½磬ȴһµƵѿ
ǵսǵսˣǽǾŭӣǱ֮Щܺ͹ϵ״Ҳ˶ˡ
ô죿
ҧ
ǶǴ鷳
ʱҪżǱȷʵֲܿҲûа취Ӧԣڣǿɻǵ֮ǰᵽǴżǴżǳһ㣬ҵҲֻ̽ѰǴżİٷ֮һҲۼǿȥǴżһǴżҵԸֻӵİ취
⻰ǧ˽ǰ΢
ȥ
ǧ
ͷߣ
ߵԽ֯·£뿪תۼʧԭء

ɽ֮ڣת̫ľŬĽľȥ
ˣ
⣬ɫŨǿϢҲ֮ӵľˡ
С̫һΪǺ档
ˣʱһΣ¹ȥ
ʱȥһ죬ľ׵뵽ڣӱøӹЩ΢СѺۣ·ʲôҪƼ㣬ɢϢӵĺ嫣Ҳԭʼ
ͬʱøӾˣ˵ľøǿһʱ㣬һ˫ۡ
۷塣

µʱ䣬ľڣҲǵõ˲СĺôΪھﵽ۷徳
ʱȭһʱǸо֮ǿ˲٣ӼڵøӻʶøҲøˡ
ܵ˵֮µԣʵǰǿһء
оԼı仯³һվ΢΢չӡ
ʱ䣬һžȻȻһ⻡Ƴ֯ŵϢˡ
͵۷ˣ죡ӵĽĺô治٣
ĵ
ϾԽ۾ĹϴڶۺҪõĶȻһ㡣

ûٶ˵ʲô˸漴кС̫뿪
ܿ죬߳ɽ硣
˵ôȥѰң
ʵ
룬˽Ƭ
Ǻˣ
ͻȻһ𣬴Ļ
Զʮ֣ϢٶҲܿ죬һ


1926 ƹ
ʮ֣ףת۱ǿ絽֮⡣
ˣǡࣿ
ʮ˵Ŀϣͫһ
Ϊλ磿
÷ϻʲôκο֮ˣȫץ͹ȥ
ѹǣϵȥ
ʮ˸ֱӱ˶ˣƹȥӿ֡
壿
Щݣ֮£˵е֮һ
Ȼ̫йء

ڴʱ֪Ź˵е壬Ϊ֮һ²һ̫йϵ룬Ȼˡ
ʱ⶯һѹӿʹñƹֹݺһͬʱʮҲ͵ķǱˡ
񡭡
ʮ˽¶־ı飬ΪҲֻǲ񾳼ѣӭͷųһ˿ѹܹܵˣʱܶˡ
쿴ʮˣʶ΢һĨԴֱûһ˵ʶڡ
ҪƬѰѿȻȻǵ˽һƬ硣
䱾ԴӿʶУ¹ȥһ̶Ӻ󣬽Դ˻
壬Ŵ硭

˵ʶ֪ƬΪŴ磬ͬǰ㣬һЩ⣬ֻһ壬̫Ϊ
ͬʱʶе֪һ£ŴһǳµĵطΪƹȣǳֲȻ̫ϣУ̫ڿ£̺˵ѹܽһжѹ顣
ƹȣƾ
һĨâ
سʱһƬǣ֯޾ĺһƱ̩ɽѹһУ漴صĻɢٺ󣬴µֱ֣ΪﵽһŨȺ󣬱Ƕ۳ᾧһĶۻʥԴѣƾÿһǳۼǿߵ֮Ҳгá
Ƭ籡ƹȣ̫϶ҽ²⣬ƹڼп̺ƾΪӿ֮һ
˼򵥵£ͬʱ΢ռŤһһɱ⣬ʮȫ顣
Щǵж֮ˣûıҪ
ƹȣ̫ϻȥۣȥʹͨǸ
Ҳȥһ

£кС̫ƴĶϷȥ
֮ǰϢƹȱǾλǸڡ
ͬʱСһЩϢΪ嶼׷Ѱǣʼǿ߶ˣȻսǿȴҲסΪԽе棬󾳽սǻԽԽ󣬴ʼĴ󾳽ԶЩȣǿֻ壬Ҳ۷Ϊȥֵһʼǿߡ
֮սĺԽҲֻͬǵܹ֮
ϢǰУٶҲ㲻תۼʮ˦
ȻȻǺСĵżϢǰУȴɻǱʿˣʵһ˷ǿ̫ˣ׷Ѱ֮ˡ
ࣿ
ʮǿ߳طΪ׵һ꣬۷徳硣
ྐྵȻǵ磿
ʮ˽Ƕݡ
ץ
Ϊ׵
仰䣬£ʮ˽Զ֣񾳣Ϣܺ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģƬղɵ𶯣
̧֣Ҫһ˳ȥ
СӣүѾܾûжˣٲӹǶҪˡ
ڣâӿһкѹʮˡ
͵ģʮʿܵһʱâѹķ飬漴âƲȫʮϣʮ̽ը

ȻЦǴƬѹ䣬Ӹ˵ʮ˵һ֡

ҽдʮ룬ϧȴãת۱ȫ

Ц
ѽ
С̫Ҳڣգգۡ
ģ
ͷ­ЩȻģ
Щ꣬С̫죬¶ڶ֣С̫ûжֵĻᣬһ·ôټѪҲףսȻǲȻͬȲС̫Ըһͬʿȴǿ׵ɱ
Nɪ
бһۡ
䣡
Ҳʱһӿѹϯطʮռ䡣
۷徳Ǹǿɫʮ£ȻתۼǸȫˡ
أɱˣǵĵӣǲС
ֱӶ֣̽ӡץͬʱС̫Ҳһ¡
ûжЦү
ۣӣϣ
񼶱ܹס۷弶ವľ
˭ֶһ֣ǽֵĮҪѶһп֮ˣֱĨɱȣ
¡¡ģӡ֯ԣѹͷ
һЦҲʲôѹӿһʱʹ𶯣һԷѹĴָķɿȥͬʱʹöԷŵŵɵĺʮɡ
㡭
ֵʱ󾪣ɫֱӱˣ⾹һһ۷弶ǿߣңǵѹ㤣оʼѹ㡣
ಣ
ƿֱӺˣһԶ
ܹﵽ۷壬ȻֻӭǵѹĲȻȻҲõԼԲĶ֣¶Կֻһ
ٶȼ죬ת۱ǳȥԶ
Ȼˣܵ죡
̲סַۡ
û˵ʲôŶߵһǿ޾Զ˲ڶԷǰԷ
һæһ롣
ٶȱ̫֮ˣһ˲ǰֱӶ֣ӡֱԷС
ӡһǿķӡ֮ӿʹ
סס֣
˴УϸԵľ⣬Ҳûһʼ
ú˵ʲôӡ𶯣ӡס˵жԱԴ̽Ѱ˵ֱӽԷĨֻһǡ
Ǹ
С̫˹ʵЩ棬ĳǹ⽫ԷǱ
ǰΪǣҪʥΪﵽ񾳣ʥѾãңǣҲ޷Ϊṩʲô޴ս˵Ǹ


1927 µ
ӭɻ֮ǰնһٲȻŪ̫ϻͷŭɶǿ߳׷֮ˣҪɵĴﵽƹȣ϶ԷǳѣͬղŰ㣬ת۱Ǳһ˷֡
˵ţŵ˵ǣԺƿأҵԼǣɵȥ·Աܿе鷳
ô˵ʱǰ΢Сӣǳã
ͷɵС̫뵽ɵڣڣٽԼ뵽ɵ֮С
漴ûطֱͣգƹȶȥٶȷǳ졣
ϸѰÿһ䣡
Ԧǿߵǳƹȵλöȥ;һһǿߣϸѰ䣬ʼǿѲӡ
ʵǶݣԼ֮ǰǸǣĻҪȻ˳ĵֵƹǸλã治̫ܣѶϵ̫ˡ
֮ǰǸǣҩʹ֮ɢϢʿǰٲȻ֮ͬˣȻʲô裬кҲȻӦԣΪ֮ǰѰ˵ʶ˽˵ľݡ־Щ֪ˣһЩͨȻܹӦˡ
ˣǣһʱ󣬳һ޴ɽ⡣
ȥɽΧŲٵĳʯûʲô⴦ȥʱǵطȴлɫʱʱӿһһŤ
Ǿ
ü
ƹȣʱȻֻǴƹ֮⣬ҲܸоڵǵȻɫĲ򵥣ſѹһеĿˡ
ͬһʱ䣬оɵڣԼеʱֲ£ұ֮ǰһΣԾ˲١
ʹеһĨâĲ²⵱棬طⷽƹڣƾĴڡ
£Ԧǿƹڣһȫ˵ĽｫɵȡųС̫¹뵽Լڡ
ƹȣˣ
ʵ
ͷɵɵڡ
ﵽƹȣʱҪǣ֮뿪ƹʱ˵õϣʱɵ
ߣСЩ
кС̫ȥ
ƹڣǳƵʯûκһֲоʲô
һУоԱ࣬һѹָУо·Ҫ㡣
ܿ죬ƹڣ߳ɡ
ǰϳּʬ壬Ųǰ͸ĿѾ֪ȥ˶ãԻв׵
ȥƺǰǿߡ

ͷΪ۷ǰ⼸ʬϢ;磬Ǹ׸֪ǰȷʵǴΡ
ʹüƹȱŴµһȥȻ٣žȵıԵû̫ԶȻѾǿ
СЩ
ٴοڣС̫
¡¡
ͻȻʲôҪӵص֮³
ۣŵص׿ȥ漴һʱ䶯ݣܣԽɫ⽫С̫ţƿȥԶ
ƿһ˲䣬ص£һɫͬһ㣬ûгٵأŵĲȴͷƤ顣

£Ȼһ۾ͿȻɫʲô
һۿˣʱûʲô仯
ЩˣǱᴩ
ɨ۲Զϵļʬ塣
ҲʱǼʬĵطصҲȪӿһ㣬תۻʬʹüʬ壬鿪
ʹɵǶݣһĻȥǰطȥ˺ܶˣЩȥˣһЩڸȥʱͱЩʬ屣ûҲٵߵֻǿ˱浽ڵôʬѡ
ԽɫС̫ǲƶҲʩչ˿ǲٶޣܿһ
ʵЩ̵ĲԵЩ£ƣʼǿҲӲһУҲѲƤ
ǲٶȷŵĺܿ죬ܿдӵص׳һеڸһЩĵط
ǰرһ޴ѷ죬Ԩ㣬ȴǺҲʮңҽһڷӿˡ
ǡ
¿ȥ̲ס˿ҺôһԨҪǵȥ۷ʹƶõ
С̫ҲǲɵӣС壬ſͷУͷдܣðȫкܳ㡣
үŲλá
״ѧҲСſͷԼ䡣
ԵúСģһߴԨ·ӿһ߳ȥ
͸ղӵĲ̶ƾٲȻڹڸЩλϡ
¡
ͻȻԶһԨ£ӿзһ졣
ֹƫͷȥʱݡ
Ԩ£ӿ£һ˫ڴ۾˿ĵĿ


1928 
ӿУһͻȻԵЩˣ඼ɵó¡
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ȻҲǱɫ
ǰӿ۵ȥҲֲãˣȻһ˫ۣ
ǵǸεȿֲĴڣȻǰӿ棡
£ͫĵģһ˲˲ĶԵЩ䣬˼ʲô
ССӣĵģߣǧҪ
˿Һ
ѽ
С̫С棬ӣһĸСˣʹͷУʵǱµͫ׸ŵˡ
ľܼͣʱȴҲǸоЩСƶƹȥµͫȻڶȴƺûɱĲԻ
ƹߣȻԨӿڣ˫ڶңĿƶƶ
ʹͷ΢ƹȥĲӸۣ˫ӡ
¡
ͻȻԨڣӿ£һЩˣֱԨ³𣬳
һʱ䣬Ԩ£ȣӿɢӵԻ˳Ϊһͷ鲼۵ޡ
޴Լʮң룬һ˫䣬תۼһǰ
졢С̫Ǳɫת̫ľҪ룬ȻɢϢ̫ǿˣѹʮ죬ܵĿռӲգڣһʱ䶯ܶˣ·ʯ˰㣬ַ·һƬѹ˼ͷ
С̫ȻҲļ£һ̣޵Ӱ죬ҲǶܶˡ
䣬죬ͷԼ䣬С̫ϡ
û塣
ڣʮֵͳ
ڣطƹڣһԨµΪ֮ӿĸһɺ嫵˵Ϣӿ
쵱ǲɵһԷʱɢϢ̫ˣȻϢԳۼΣ
Ҳû뵽ⷽƹԭֻӿΣգȼĴڣ
֮һɾҵĲԷĻԷȻǳСһӭŶԷǵȰϢܶˣѾȫ֮⣬Ӱһʱ֣һɷ籩ѹ
ҧ岻ܶ߾ȫͨʶе񽣡
ȿµޣǱԷǿϢѹƵԶȫûпֻ֮л񽣲п
Ÿչͨʶеʱ䣬һ̣ܶˡ
ͬʱͷС̫Ҳָ˶
ʹݣֿͷޡ
оˣԷʱ˼Ϣ˲ʹǿ¶
˶٣ûܣǳŶԷ񣺡ǰǰǣ
ͷ޿ֲĺܣҪɱǼֱ׾٣ӵĵңԷղ㼺Ϣ⼺ǿϢѹƵǣԷǾûе⡣
޸ʮңããǺӣ죬˵ǿͷС̫ЩѪҺ
⻰һһ޵ɫ
ѽ
С̫ǶЩ£˿̻ǲɵģȻҪѪ
΢˺һǰʲô˼ҪСһѪʲô
ԷͻȻڣҪҪС̫Ѫ֪ԷҪСһѪʲôҲ֪ԷҪ٣ȴСһǺ£ԣ֪ԷʵֱɱǿȡС̫ѪҺȴǲɵ־
Ȼĳھ裬ȴûʲôܼ򵥺ܼࣺ֮ˣҪ࣬ʮӣĺ˿õӰ졣
ŶԷֻҪʮСһѪҺһӷЩʧʮѪСһȻʲô£ҲȷʵǶСһ㲻õӰ졣
֣ǰͷϾһѺۣԼͫѺۿһޱȿµĻ𲨶⡣
Ǽصˣ
ͷС̫ʱҲע⵽ϵѷ죬Ƕݡ
⡭˭Ūģ
˿Һ
ͷ޿ֲĺܣԳ۲Σǣȴ֮ܽ˵ء
졢С̫ԼϵѺۿûʲôӦΨн֯ĺâȺâȻһޣԵƵˡ
ᱲƣѪҪʲôҪ󣬾
޿ڡ
⻰һһ޽ֱɫ
Сƣ
ͫһ


1929 ۾֮
سʱΪؼ伸ǿԭʼ֮һȻȲϺĸǰֲȴҲǳ£ѹһ飬ڹϵ񻰴˵Уһʥ̥飬ƣشңžס
û뵽ǰͷޡȻԳƣ
ϣǸ˵еĴ󡭡ƣ
ŵԭѯʶԷѵǴ˵еǸף˿ڣָȥΪơϾɲǵǰλˣҪǵλˣƵñˡ
ѽ
С̫ҲۣǵȹϵĴ˵
Ȼ֪һʱʲôûκα仯롣
⻰һһ޵һļ¡
ǡ
¡
ϵ񻰴˵еžףȻĴڣ˿̣վǰ
һʱ䣬Щˡ
žװ
ɷ񣿡
Ƶٴ𣬿졢С̫
Ȼһ޶⡰ɷʲô˼ǷԸʮС̫ѪҺ
Сһ˵أ
С̫
ʧȥʮѪҺС̫κӰ죬ǵÿСһ˼
⻹ɶͬǶñˣ
ֹ
СȴǱƸ˶С
õʲôȻǲԸᱲҲôƿڣûʲôĮᱲ壬ҲΪС
ԣЩ졣
λǴ˵еžףôһܺ˵ӣ
ͬʱҲΪһ¶СһеĻҪ¡
ǰһֱΪǿ۾εʣǣڴʱǸ۾ĻӰǸħȻǰ˵еž׶̬ȣⶼ˵ǿľԲʣһ壬ųԽ۾ĸڡ
ɷ񣿡
һοڣ˼
˼ѯСһ
ѽСһﹾ棬ͷз˳Ϊƿȥͦ˵ģʱЩˣĵҪƾ
ΪѰƾⶫҪغܷѿСһţʮѪܻһƾǾǲġ
ԣ֪СһǴӦƣ漴СһҪֲЩжСһ֪ҪƾֱӱҪ
ԣҲ֪СһӦСһҪ󣬵ͷлһĨ⣬ƹʱһĨԳת䵽С̫ǰ
һȭͷСĳƽᾧ֯񵽼µ
ǡƾ
˫۷
лһĨâӴڣȻܵΪ
ⶫƾ
ѽ
СһԵúܿģƾݸ죬һױģ
лˣСһ
СһнӹƾСһСԴ
СһԼѪΪġ
ѽ
С̫۾ģȻѾȥô꣬ȴǸһɰ
漴Сһ￴ƣСצ£ʮѪӷɳƮơ
лһĨâƹӿʮѪڡ
ľѪʥҩԭʮӣʮεѪᱲøѡڣĿС̫ϣ΢ԵƽһЩĺᣬɻʲôҪģֻҪᱲһ㡣
ӭƵĿ⣬ƵĻС̫գգۣ졣
СһﵥĺܣûʲôԼҪġ
СһⷴӦƵĿҲϣ࣬裿
˼ԣСһȻ죬ôҪһ㡣
ȻƵ˼δ飬ڵЩ̡ʵǰ۾ϣ»ЩвΣ
ܿ϶ǰžףǳ۾Ĵڣȴڱض֪۾֮ΪΣ£֪
ôʣǰһҲƣҲǷǳ֪
ȻǵС̫⣬ĿҲϡ
⣬ƹ⽻֯Ũһֺ֮С
۲κ߾ֱΪʥʥˡʥʥס졢ͨ졣
򵥵
ԣǰ΢С̫Ҳһˡ
ʥʥˡʥʥס졢ͨ죬۾вΡ
ǰ߸󾳽磬УʲôҪرעģ
ֿڡ
Ȼ֪۾вΣôЩ󾳽ڵҪ壬Ȼһ̡


1930 Խ
֪۾вλֻ֣֪һѣΪҪģ֮ĸ󾳽ӦУ֪ЩԺϲٵ·
ƵΪﵽ۾ͷ󣬿ʼתڵʥɣڵȫתΪʥͿɿʥ̺ܼѣٸӽ۷弶ʿУҲ߳һʥ
춯ݣﵽ۾ͷҪڵٴδʹ֮Ϊʥ
ˣ˻ǸʮʥʹԷƺĳֺرĲʱڿӦþνʥĲˡ

һ㣬ΪתΪʥ̵Ѷȶ۷Ҳ߳һʥѶȵˣѹþûܳɾʥ
ԱߣС̫ҲԾǲɵõۡ
˶٣̣֮ľأ
Ϊﵽʥ󣬿ʼʥʹﵽͨɾ൱ȻѶȲͬնʥѶȣȽתΪʥѶȣѡ
ƿڣһһΪ콲ʥ֮ļ󾳽Ҫ塣
߸󾳽һЩϸҲһʥʥˡʥʥĸ󾳽磬ÿһ󾳽綼ΪŸС̨ףÿһС̨׼ս඼ر𡣶֮סͨ죬󾳽ûоС̨׻ǳ۷һС绮ֻ֣ľ
ļᵽÿһҪ㡣
ЩǱľ飬պž޴á
лǰһ⡣ǰӦ֪ɣӦν磿
ΪﵽʥǿʱȻܸ֪λã󣬿ʥƿϣСƼ򵥵˵ţ˶٣죬ֿڣʵȤ
΢㶣ͷ
˵еĴ磬ۼǿ߶ͷ­룬ȻȤ
ԣ죬Сֿ̫죺벻ȥ

һ㶣ͬʱС̫Ҳۡ
벻ȥ
λ˵еĸ㿪ڣȥôǿȥһ㣿
ȥ
̽Եʵвɵһ˿˿ľâ
Աߣ˫۷Ź⣬һ˲˲Ŀơ
鲼Ե࣬ʥ٣ǵǰΪ磬кеٶȿһǧƬʥʱ౶ƿڣ죬ӱЩ䣬ᱲȥ磬ΪôӦȥᱲһ¡
΢ݣʵ֪ǰҪ£ʲô
Щ֣ǰλΪܹɵ£Էƶܰ쵽ΪҪæλʲô֮ʱԼȥ磬ҸۣԷ磬ҲܽǼ¸ˣαҪϵڣӶԷܿĳǼ¶ԶԷԣǳҪ
ƴ޾£ȻĳʱʲôᱲУᱲأƵϢһ룬һʱͻᱻ֣ᱲ֮Ӧԣ޷Լȥ죬ŵһˣᱲŲĺἰ飬š
ԣȻ
һԵС̫ǰλ廹ǼкøС
⣬µѶȲɱͬʱûκεΣԡֿڣŵع򣬽½½⣬Ҳ赣ģᱲ֪ǽķ
ԣǲ죬Ǽ£ɾͿ𣿶ңûκεΣԣ
һ㣬ҲΪԷеһ㶯ݣǸʮʥʹ绽Σ󣬸ݶԷԼµһ£ǱǣУһ˺½磬ڿȻˡԭڣ׾µˣѴڲͻϣ뵽Ƭ
ΪƵʵ׼µԴԷȴ赭дĵԸ֪ǡġȥڵǵȴع˿Ҳ⣬ٲȻǳԽ׾˰
˶٣һĵ׵ľȸѹ£С̫໥£漴ƣԴӦǰǰɷһЩʱ䣬Щʱȥ磿Ȼعһˣʱϲķ̫á


1931 Ů
Ļʵ»ᵢá
ʮꡣ

ԡƵͷӹᱲΪͨŻͬʱǸʱٸ֪ᱲи֮¡
ʮʱͨ˶ǺܾãĴڶԣǾ͵㲻ʲôҲֻǴҴҵָѡ
õǰ
ͷ
С̫ط֮ãڼƸϵº£ͬʱҲ֪Ѿ޾£֮ԾΪŨʺƶʥˡ
պһ죬Ƹ׼뿪ʮˣͬʱɵռ㹻ƾƾͨ²٣ҲԳܣɵɺ쾧ɣƿصƾȻѡ
쾧㵹Щö
ɵ΢иһĨâܿҲͻָƽ
쾧۾ǿ߼ۺ죬ڶЩʥǿ߶ҲǾ䣬̫ˣҼΪҲޱǿᣬԶʥ쾧ȻܱȵϺ쾧ü֡
ҵõ
ǫ
ҵƵ滽ɵƾΪоĳǰλƷû⣬ܻɵ
Ķ죬޳ɳƵָ룺֮ȥ磬ﵽ׾ǰܲԻͲԻдɡʹԵеԻ󣬱뱣֤Իɱˣһ©Ϣǻˡ
лǰѣ֪ġ

쾧ɵ䣬һ֣ᣬ£Ѿܶˡ
ٴƸ𣬶Сֱ̫뿪ƹȡ
Ҫʮ򣬾ֱӴ뿪Ŵˣ̫·ˡ

ԡ

ƾѾõеҪ˳࣬һʶȹϵĴڣúԽ봫˵е磬ջ˵Ƿǳʱֱ뿪ˡ
ƹ⣬ֱ˺һŻͨ⡣
Ƭ磬ʵмǾǣնɱ̫ϡʵȻ̫ϵĶ֣ƽһ˿ֻҪһ˿Ϳ̫ϣûʲô壬ҪԼԻɱ̫ϡ
ߡ
ԽɫС̫Ż˲Ϣʧ
֮ûȥãǴŻڿںǿС
˺ǿͨúС̫һŴǰ
ʰ쵣ϤϢһƵĽ֯ϡ
ˡ
ŴʮڵʮǣЩпȥϴ뿪ʱѾȥһǧꡣ
ͬʱп֮࣬Ϊ֮뿪һǧ꣬ȫΪѷСﵢ꣬͹ȥһǧꡣ
Լ룬ʵ뿪˼ѡ
ѷ졣
䡣
漴һ¶Ц
ʱϹȥ˶ãչǻˣŰ쵴ڣӡáŮԼһĳ͹ʽˡ
뵽Ͼܼǣǲ
ˡ
ڣкС̫ʮǣڵʮ򣬶һ̳ڵھ
ȥɽ
ߵֱٶȺܿ죬Ƭɽȥ
ܿ죬ɽ⣬ֱӿС
ಣ
ɽ˲䣬һӰǳһ¹ҵϡ

һŮһ׳ȹò·ǳƣƯĲ񻰣§ĲӿĻˡ
ɡ
ŹԼϵƯŮȻҲǷǳˣĹ⣬µŮֿôԼŮټܹġ
СѾͷԽԽˡ
Ц
ѽ
С̫ҲڣɵǰһֻСצӣɵԴ
ɿĲӣЦ£С̫񣺡ã̫á
§ֱۣƯǿĵЦĺܿɰ
ºͣԼŮͬ˵ѾͷԽԽˡ
ԶݣΪϸоϢܴ⡣
㵽ˣ
졣
⻰һһæɡ
浽ˣ
һϵϢȻҲǸо˳ɴۡ


1932 ϴ棿
ʵЩȣԼŴ۷壬ԼŮҲѾﵽ߶ȣ׷
϶СֶŮԽˡ̲סۣ
ѽ
С̫գգۣСצɵԴٲȻǸڿ佱󱲣ǽ
쿴ԼŮܿ˾ȣһ룬ΪѷеԵʣ뿪ʮһǧ꣬ԵСɱֳ츳һǧʱ䣬ܹﵽ߶ȣʵĺֵԾ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ뵽һ㣬һǧʱ䣬СֶŮ츳ﵽǺǵ˴ǧ꣬СֶŮԽʵҲ̫ԡôţоһºЩ
ҲʱɿڣֱۣŰŰٶǰ͵ˣȻײüˣڴﵽʸ߶ǰƿ֮
죬
ǡ
ʹķۣող˸ɾЩðôһ仰Űٶǰ͵ˣңѾڿʼ
캹գԼŮδ̫ˣȫ̳µľʡ
ѽ
ΨС̫ûоȣɵԴɳʽĿޡ
򣬲ôˣ
ɡ
֮ƹȵʱر̹ƣѾ֪νһִعҲ˵ط򣬳ԽɵڴһƿأޱȣǵȻʯĴҲδȫֻ֮ǿһ˿ѡ
ͬʱ˵ȴ˵Ĳƿأپ߱ΪΪΪ̫ͣ죬ܹƿأܲˣһʱᱻ֮ɳű³ƿʱ䣬ڴﵽԽԽãԽƿ֮δĳɾͽԽˡ
ûôأССƲ죺Űٶ꣬Ŷûﵽ
⻰΢ݣԼŮľʣŰٶʱ֮ȻŶﵽ
֮ѵЩ̬뵽һ㣬ɵ÷ۣô˵¹츳ǡûˡ
ɵ츳ˣļ£ǾŰٶͣ磬ȴû˿ȻȴѾƿصޱȴ졣
Сɣ㸸ˡ
һ翷Ͼվ翷ԵڣЦ
ºͰվԱߡ
ֳˣ
³쿪ĵĻ֡
ȻҲԹڰûп˵ʲôʵϣɽ˲֪ˣɳӭӣԼϾ˵
ЦЦ֣翷塣
һˡ
µֿϾµ˿ڣǶֿܶˡ
翷Ʈ㣬ûʲô仯
СľΧһСԺӣԺľɱֱһʸ⣬ЩľЦһһ
һǧ갡㶼֪һǧôģλùһֱ㣬λСտͥڴЩտҹԲ·ʱʱ͵͵ϴ棬Ů֪㣬ֻǲ˼˵ڡ
Ʈһ߿ģ˵⻰ʱ͵͵Ŀ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ͼ顢¡ȫûסеĲˮ˳ȥ
СֶŮĬ
ɿȵ
죺
Ƥ
ɡ
Ҫ˵ϾϦ˿ͥڴţѾͷἰµļ仰ֱԡ»ϴ棿ܡϾҪҲһ㣬Ҫ濴ϴĳ۶Ҫ̮ˡ
ûʲô仯ɿƤı͡
һ죬翷Ϻ֣ʱǧȻǺܸˡ
ɽϣһʱܿȥ
գ뿪翷壬Ȼһ·ţصͥȥŮ
λСϦùãɰѵһˣ
һŮ㿪ڣһģ
ԡ
ʱǧ꣬˵ΪҲﵽ񼶸߶ȣɶ۰
ͬʱŮӼȻǺܸˣȫΧԡ
ɽʱһһ죬ͥҲʮ֣ŮܸˣͥµһЩǿߵ֪ϢҲǺ˷ܣͥ÷Ϊͥжԣ֮ͥĴڡ
صͥһʱҲǺܿȥ
֮ʱ䣬ŮºͼŮת۹ȥ¡
ºһ죬ɴżŮȥɽ׼ԺٹȥͥΪͥµػ
ػúһʱ򣬺һ֮ϣߵǳϤϢʮ֮⡣
׷
䡣


1933 ɡ
۷壬ޱȾˣʱʮӦ߹ϢȻǵѵİͻˡ
ӱ䣬Ȼ֪ζɽλãϢʧ

ʮ⣬ǿУߵӰն
Ȼ΢ĵǳ
һΣӲˣȻǱǿ񽣣һ֮ѹ
ǧʮǡ
ŻǰֵǴżнԵԵ˼࣬ﵽ˿Ժһսĵزҵ˼ڷǳ˵񱦣һ׼۱ңһڷǳ˵Ľɱ
ɡȻ߱˿ȴɱҲʥ˲ܶĳżоȻǵʥǵһʲôڣ
оɫ
Ǵż̽Ѱãõණɡֵˣ䲻֮߱ȴо˵ʥ̣ʥ̣ܹһʥžȼĹžǶԿǼֵ졣
ΪеĹžҲֻǲۼѣʥžԶˡܵõһʥž֮ٶȽϼ࣬պܹȡõĳɾҲӾˡ
ңɡַǳ˵Чʥµʿдá
ǽֻ̽Ѱżٷ֮ĳ̶ȣǾ͵õɡʥڹżԻи˵ʥ̾Ϣϧ̫Σˣǵ룬ȥҲΪ
Ȳ˸ҵȵʱ䲻ˣѹ˴磬λ˵ƢԣǶֲùӳԣҲᱻϵ
Ҫץ
Уѹ˻ȥ󣬾ԲҪɡºż¡⣬ڵĺ쾧ɵıҲһҪй
֪֮ѹǸ󣬽Էйļ䣬ʶĨλ˴Ǹϵ֪ں¡
˵
ɡԺ쾧ɵǼֵףڵĵҲȻΪ֮Ķһ֪½õЩԻϽȻԸ⣬Ƕ˵ǳĴ
żȻûȥھ򣬲ȴҲǲ֮ܽΪһǾԻ鷳ǴǴżõɡʥ£Ҳпܻᱻ֣Ȼû˿ĺô
ǹżУպøǿл½ʱȥ̽Ѱ
ǰЩӼǱ񽣣ǿȻǳ£ϣǿʲôһģҲǿѣǾñȲԺ쾧ɵıϾ쾧ɵǾ߱޵ĳɳԡ
ڣˣߣȥѹǸ࣬ޡ
ﬣ
̶𣬴ϰĻһɫĽʮڳϢֱӸǿգʮڿ˳һƬ
ߴƶɫ⣬ҲȻȻ˴ʮǿ졣
ǳ֮ھͲǣȻĺܣ
ǧ
˵ĿҲǶϣӺᡣ
úϻֱѹ˴ߣ

Ż䣬ֱӶˣ׽֯Ļ泯ѹȥ
ףǱȫٳһͷ
Į
ɫ׽֯ǿգӿȣɫĻ溣ѹ¡
ǰЩӲű׷ͬɥ֮ȮӴܣȴʴʡ

¡һɫĴӿӭϺɫס
תۼ䣬ײһ͵졣
ͬʱɢ
һĻʹ춯ݣǰЩӣʱԴ׷ٻٹѪףֻԾϷһΣﵽ۷壬Ծȴֻվ˸ƽ֡
ѹָԭǿЩ
תһһӰͬ㳯Էȥ
棬𺳣żе˴Եʵ˼࣬Ѫһʱ䣬ԭٴ죬Ⱥ׹дƷǳ˵Ĵ˵еҲضסĺףת۾ͻᱻȴ룬ʱѪףȻֻ춷˸ƽ֡
ɱַߣ𺳣ٴμѹϡ
һ֡
ڴʱڣǧ˽Զˣȣͬʱ֡


1934 ׼۱
˽Զˣźһ֣ܷӿǿƥ
ǰʱѪ׻ɫ˳ѹ죬˴ͬѹƸֲһƣͬʱҲеâһԻ
һʱо˼ѹжݣ˵Ϊûʲôսǰʱȴһ츲صı仯ﵽ۷ΪʱˣȻһɾҵв
Ȼо˾ҵвϵıȴû˿ı仯
ߣܣ׳ӭϺѪףͬʱ콣ȼֹҲһʩչӭϻ˵Ĺ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģط⣬ĲһƵĳϯ
΢·ʮǣǣ˶սԶΪ棬̫Ũطսʹʮⴴ
㵹ͦŵǳǴȻǣԶʮǣɨʮǣôһŵСǳȴ룬Ȼһǿ߳ҲȤƵ漣ˡ
˺죬ʮǲмһˡ
磬ͬʮ΢СǳۣܿУȹǣȸҪ磬ȻǵȴǶϡ
ԣ΢ۣȥƺѾǿɨӹʮˣӦʮµнΣƺֻӦһϢûвºҲЩ档
Ⱥȴǽһ˲ûˣºɾɽԲµ˫ԸһУҪ˵˽ֻ𣬾ʥˣҲ޷̽Ѱɽڡ
ûж˵ʲôǣսܿ뿪ʮǺԶɫɨ˻ģͨһһߴ£ǿղϵΪ֮Ť
˶ʮ΢СǳмһˣԾܿǣսԶʮǣȴ˿Ҳû⣬ֻǳֱøӵ
ƬǿУֲһâӿһſŰ쵴Ƕɵҡ
񱬣
ڣͳѪɱڵĻҪٻٵ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲԼͨӿϢˡ
δ⣬һʱӭˡ
¡¡ģսң˼սǳļ£İʱڣִֻͼ˳嫵ѹʮ졣
żսԽԽԾ̶ʱѣǿ̫ˣԴﵽ۷ΪսԷˣȻûռ˿Ϸ
һΣֻбѹ
Įһ£ݻˣ㽫һŴǴ򱬡
ǧҲɫĮ֣Եâƣۡ
һʱ䣬˺ƸŨǧԶ
˵ˣ־ܣٳԵͷı䲻˱ѹĽ֡

ɫԣʹ֮ʥ
ߣݻһӭϣлһƾâ
ƾҲѹң룡
ڣʱתȻʮǿյ޾ǿ֮һݻһǿɱɱ޾
ͬʱһƾҲΪ֮΢תһƵԭʼԣʱսͬʱʼƾ
ͬʱɵڵӿ֣һʹƾڵٶ౶ʱ
ˣ
һ죬һƾӣһ߻Ӷȭȭâ졣
͵ģ̼ѣ˼ͬʱ顣
漴ȭ˿ȭߴϣͬʱĺɣǺݺݲ£ѪΪ֮һľҷڡ
Ϣڼô£
һ
Ҳǲһ㣬Ƕݣ󣬳ָӵ
߹ϯⷽǿգһǿѷ˳ǿϯ
Σգǿ߶ԣǲʲô
켤սˣƾڣľ񲻶Ϊ֮սҲΪ֮֮ͨøǿһδεĽ˺ˡ
Ҫﵽ벽ˣȻҵȼսͬʱΪ⵽ô£
ӣ̫Źˣ
ߴǾŭӣʱ˺ֱѹ·
׼۱

ǧ˵ͷԻΪףһںɫĥƮʼһֱɢŨĻϢеۼѹУ·һС


1935 ڤ
ɫĥ𶯣ѹӿϢ̫ˣʮ
һʱ䶯ݣӭħֱ̣Ӹов
׼۱

ɫĥڻͷϿգߴĮȻᡣ

Ц
仰䣬תʮŸ˺ɫƮÿһϽǽ֯ޱķģסԲɷΧڵǿգطγһ
һʮŸ˺һڵʱò˳·һƬѹͷϢһ˥ҡ
ľŷ󣬷꣬Уٱѹһսټһ׼۱εĵȻһ۷ʣҲס
ɫĥ̶ʮź컩죬߽ϣҪѹƬǿա
˿죬һָԣ·Ѿڿһеͽ
챻ľŷУۻת˳Ǳ˥һ룬ӭ׼۱ĺɫḥ̂вԽӵŨˣƺԼĺѾһɱУʱԽͷ­£Ѫǿա
Ȼϵıȴû˿仯
ǵ׼ͦ㣬ֲʲô仯ֻвҰܡ
䵭
䣬߲⽻֯ʶе߲񽣳˳
ռĽƬԽԽ࣬񽣵ԽԽǿļҲԽӴˣ֮ʱƾڣӵԭʼӿʶеҲ֮ʹʱԽ份
߲â˿˿ƣʥ嫺ϣϢޱȡ
ߣǺΣҲ۷弶׼۱ҵһ׼۱ľŷϣȻҲã
䣬ͷɫĥ̶ӿµĻϢӿ
ͬʱɷʮŸ˺ڹ⣬Ըѹѹ졣
ûʲô仯΢߲һ
ʱוּһ̶صĽʮŸ˺ɫȫ顣
漴Ǳ˿Ӱ졣
˵ʧɫʮŸ˺칹ɷȻ۷Ҳֻܷе񽣣㽫ˡ
ô᣿
⽣
˷֣ص͹ϴμΪ࿰۷弶׼۱ǾԳ׼۵ķ롣
ô
ߣˣ
ǧҧֱк˺ˡ
Ƴ֮ǰԤƣԿ۱ס
£˺һ׼۱ĺɫĥ̺ǿһΪϺ󣬶Ϊߵ磬˲Զȥ
ߣ߲񽣣һնֱѹɫħ̺ĻϢͬʱ𶯳һƵ൱ֱӽɫĥ̸סһץУٽ߲񽣵˵ʶӡĨ

˾ŭǴżѰ׼۱㱻С
ֻǣȻŭӣȴûͣԸٶȶ롣
ʱôţŹȥãɥȮӶݣ

仰䣬ƬǿУһһƽֱ֯ӽʮǿշ
ļߴȫ˻
󣿣㡭ʲôʱµģ
˴󾪡
û˵ʲô߲񽣣ˡ
֮ǰ˼սʱĹٶߣһ߼սһǿпӡ˽󣬴һɣֻҪУͨĳҲ߳ȥ
Ƿ˭
һ߱ˣһߵ
£ûбҪˣѾֻ֪֪˭ԸǸʮʥʹ֮ǰڴǸӰͬʱҲҪ֪ߵľʵϢ
ˣǻشԼ
ˣԭҪԼش𣬲һ룬ûǱҪֱ߲ΪǣԴһʶУǿ
ɫһ䣬оʶ֣ŭ𣺡ȥ
ߣ߲ǿޱϬĵֵãһƱԴûԷʶУܿѰҪ֪¡
ڤʥ
ıԴûʶתۼѰǲ½Ը˭ʮôһ룬ֻеڴʱǻӰˡ
һǶݣڻʶзһЩ


1936 ջ
ż
΢һûڻʶڣڵָ֪ʹ˭󣬺ַһżϢڻǴżǳˣڶ̶̵ʱʵǣǺǴżйء
н֯âԴŨ̽ѰҸǴż¡
ﬣ
䣡
ӿ˵ɱ⣬һֲ֣ͬͨطһѹ
ͬʱͺʶӿһɡԻ֯Ũԣ˳ȥ
ˣ΢΢ݣıԴûԼʶͬʱһն˼ɱն顣
ˣ
Խ֮֯ǰڻʶеɡԽʮռԸǡ
΢ɡ֪ԺֲʶɣȻûоʲôвȴúܲ
ߣ
ɫɭɨ죬ʶгɡ˰Զȥ
ɡȻǴżѰǷʥɡ
ವһһΣɡ͸첼µĽƣ˲ʧӰ٣ͬϢҲȫˣǺȻ˼˰㡣
΢΢üʱʧȻ߲ǿҲȫӦ˵Ϣȥ
ǱɡҲǴżãϣƺ۱ߡ
ɡȻûʲôµĸоǣǰ״͸µĽմ߲񽣵¶Է֣Բһķǳľˡ
Ǵżȥһ
һĨâ
ڶʱΪǴżʵң֪ԷǴżİٷ֮û̽Ѱһ˵Ǵżжô
ӻʶе֪Էھһλú󣬱޷ټͻھۼǿټߣûʲôˣ֮һȥµʵȻȻڰ벽ʲΣʵȴԲۼʿȣӦá
ͣζã

оĵҪͻƵϲΪ磬Բѣڣ˲Ϣ۲ΣҲпܣٲȻǹͣ¡
ܲµ¼󾳽ڣһر壬ʲôûʡ
˶٣Ż˶ķâü
һΣöԷ˸ˡ
治ˣʵȷʵһ㣬ôζѡ
Щˬ
н磬ͬһڣѹȥͬĵܴ룬ȴһһδѣһЩرķҲ߲񽣣ⶼһδ룬˵˵ķǷ
кһ߲ûڡ
ˣ
˿˿ƵԽ֯ƾʱڳû룬߽Թ⻪ƣһԼ֮Ҳһ֯ϡ
һվλãմܣɢȥʼƾڣø޾ǿչԴԴϵĳӿ
һʱ䣬ľһƵ
ˣתۼ䣬һ¹ȥ
һºһ죬һɰޱȵںȻǿ֮һһĴ籩Ϊ۷徳ο뵽벽ʲΡ
ã
лһĨտտâ
һµʱ䣬ƾȫڣӲϵĳɳһسʱԭʼӿʹ漫ΪԴ
ԴˣǲȣΪ֮ǰʥԴľʱҲˣõ˼ĺô
ˣ
ƾδȫӣ񣬼֮
漴ƾӣɵΪ֮ڣƹռƾʼڣ̺ĴΪƾӹرϢ֯˳һƵĻɵ㡣
춯ݣƹռЩƾûܴﵽʾǰ֮ɱһЩʵˣû뵽ʱƾڣɵڵƾ̺ĴܣȻŴн֯˳
漴΢ȴдá
£ת̫ľЩ֮
һʱ䣬ľΪҲһ
ˣתһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬ƾȫУ˸ı仯ԼѾӰԻ˳һ־˵ĺ嫺
ͬʱ̽Ϊﵽ˰벽۷壬ܿʾ
ƾڵĴȻǣ˳Ϊãջ񡣡
Ц


1937 Խʱ
ƾӵмµĻͬʱҲӵм˵£ĻʹǰһģѵĴǣʹãΪƾڣ˷ǳϢǣƾеĴʵ⡣
Զܵʾ˶ʱ䣬ȱչͻʲΣŶ˵ټʾѰնȻȥǴżһ

˶뿪ķ򣬰һƽϢԼİϢϢʧԭأһ̳ʮԣһǿ뵽С
ʮǣٶȺܿ죬ֻ˲Ϣѱ»ص֮ͥڣͥҵŶ
Ŷæ
Цŵ˵ģʶӻķʽָŶŶ¼˵ľټ
УԵ¡
ŶһϮɫĳȹ񾲣ʣʶŮУǺ½ӽ
ȶˣŻ䣬һʱеԽ֯âºͣϵƺǻ˰㣬ѣֲͬĵâȫӿ
һĻ첻ɵöݣŶڣâȴ̫ǿˣһЩ۷ǿţƺŶĶ֣Ȼâ֮¾ûмܿס
尡ԽԽǿ¡

âŶ⣬ӣӵϢ͡
ܿ죬ʮȥ΢΢üͷ
쿴üʵôŶ
Ŷ⣬ĵâɻţӿǼƺʲôǳرĶڸҵ㡣
ԣ룬΢жݡ
Ǳɡ
뵽˻Ǳɡǳرܴ͸ΪµĽմȫܿΪ
ֱϣãǱɡ۱ɱȡ
ǣ𣿡
Ŷ
ܡŶͷʱϻЩãҪյʱ䡣
ͿˣҲáЦ֮׼չأʾҳضɹʽٺѯ
õġŶЦŵͷССķۣеĻ죬зڵǧ񾹶Ҫ뵽ʸ߶ˡ
ս֮Ϊ壬Ϣ񾲣Ű˵ģǺÿ
зڵǧ£Ⲣʲôص£صͥһգǾѾ˵ˡ
ǵǲȻ˵㡣
Ц
Ŷã뿪ͥȥɽһˣ֪µԼչسʾ»صͥͥɵڿʼչء
ϣµʱ뵽ʸ߶ȡ

ϥɵڵʵ̨ϣ̫ľתһԽ֯

ǿڣһδ֪ǳС
Ǳôôǿ
˾һ𣬸ɫѿ
ǴǴżܽѹǣȴʧˣǱ񽣳ǵԤϣ̫ڿˣǵֱԿ⡣
˸ҵȵʱ䣬ֻʣһˣô죿ʵԲ˵Ķ֣

ȥǴż̽ѰһãӦܹǸѹ
УǴżȻΪǷʵѾٴá
ǵô죿
˽Բɵ֣߬˼һʱ䶼ǲɵóĬ
и⡣ʮǧڣɡɱŴԽʱ䣬صȥʱɳǰɱڹȥɱʱҲڵһʱʧ
˵ʲô
ˣ
㣿ңҪѹ˴ȥҪɱ
ԣɫ䡣
ΪﵽȫʩΪ֮£ͻʱĤʱĺۼعȥʱǣ̫ˣû˻ȥǴ˵еͨ쾳ε޵֮Ҳȥ£ΪʱǺֲܿģʱ䳤ӣʱ䳤ӻصȥвͻᱻʱûʧʱĳС
ΪҪǣʱ䳤ӷصȥʱԲܸıȥʱκ£մȾϹȥʱһƬ΢ҶҲΪֲĺ͸Ҫ˵ǻصȥʱȥɱһ˵ˣǿиıѳɵض֣ҪôˣԻñҵ³
ûİ취ˣ겻񣬽Ҳһλ˲ܻŹǣǧصȥʱɱǲñȥԷֳһ߻ΪΪﵽߵľ磬ԽɡҵȱϵСʱԻصȥʱɱ
ŵԻصȥɱȻҲḶһۣٲλҪѹ磬ǿһɣǸΪ˵ֿԱˣʱҵȻҲЩҲڱɱ
ǧ˵˽ԳĬˣͬʱɫøӵѿ
󣬼ֳĬˣһһʱȥ
һʱ󣬼˵˫߬ĸ
ֻôˣ
һ½ĳӣȻðգ
ɫĿҪγˮʱǺ͸졣
ΪڵĵбסǾȻòðջصȥʱ£Ǵ˵еͨ쾳Ҳ
ʼ׼ɣ
ǧ
ɡ˿ʼһϵеĲá

ʮǣͥڣ쾲ɵУһƵǿ
ʱһΣתۣ¹ȥ
¹ȥľǿᣬʾԽӵĽˡ
Ҳһ죬ڣŶһϮ£º͵âƣɫĴ̳ľɵվ


1938 ʱԾ
չغĵ죬ŶǾѾ֮ݳ˻Ͱ˵ټ֮ӣȴɻʱʱ˵Ķһգһ˵Ķʱһǳص¡
Խʱ䣬عȥʱɱ
ɫʱòÿ뿪ҵǰѾصͥļѩҹˣ¸֪Ůӡ
ʲô
ѩҹȫɫȻ˸£صȥʱȥɱ
⡭ô죿
ǽǼŮӶѾﵽΣ߶Ȼ޷߱ɴԽʱ
ȥ½㡣

ڱسʾܴţֻȥɽ֡
£Ůӿͥɵķ򣬶ٶ뿪ͥûʱɽҵºϾˣеĽ¸֪
߸˵СӣȻô⣬ϧðջصȥ£
ѽɶ񣡡
С̫һֱɽʱ£Ƿŭ
Ͼ顢ºɵȻҲǺܷŭ
Ψûʲô仯Ȼ
ɣعȥһˡ
ɵᡣ
õסɵͷ߷ȻĻӷȭȱɷʽԸȫڹȥ
ȥϾȥ£ȻСҲﵽ磬ʵ㻹޷ȵġ
ȻҲǿ󣬵»ûа취ȣĻΣգûȥɱװȫ
ʱ䳤УоԵȨܰȫµȥʱ䳤һˣҲЩá
⻰һ˶⡣
Сʱ䳤оԵȨʲô˼
һ£ʱ䳤ӿǷǳյģһСľͻᱻʧСʱ䳤Ȩ
Ϊƿʱ䰡
»ڣɱǳԽ֯һʵĳӺ֣ʱԾ
ǣ
ʱĲ
ʱ䣬ȴ⣬˽Աɫ
ʱ䣡
ɴۣ°Ͳû
˵еռ䣬ʱ䣬ʱڵһԹûƿأ񣬾Ȼƿˡ
⡭
Ͼ˶Ƕˣȥűƽʵ̫ˡ
ʱ䰡ʲôʱޱȿµƿʱ䣬ĳɾͽǲܹΪؼŵϺŵľڣûм˿Եס
ʲôʱƿصģûҡϾƯʵڱʱչʱ䷨򾪵ˡ̲סпǼ̳˸˺СѪĺ̫ˡ
ǰ֪ɺʿ켶֣ǵ͹СֶŮˣȻʱ䶼ƿˡ
ʱʱ䳤Ծ֣֯˵ʱ䲨
ܴӰ죬ɽϵʱɵΪ֮ԾЩȶ
ǶõģɻڹȥǼȫ򱬣ùȥʱĵܵһˣ
֤
صȥԽ㸸ʶе񽣣ǱǿȻ㸸ֱ񻹲ƿƣڹȥʱǱûǿ󣬼㸸׵ĴѪΪڹȥӦܹʱǱ
ѵõ˵˺ܶ໰ʶǱ߲񽣵Ȼ֪ңɡϾҲ֪£첢ûǡ
֪ס
ɵͷ
󣬾һ죬ɽϳʩչʱ䷨תʱ䣬ʱ䳤ӣطȥ

ͥɵڡ
ˣ
⣬һԾʱԽԽŨԽԽǿ
ˣתۼ䣬¹ȥ
ºһ죬ͥϢǵض£ͥһɱɽ̲ס
漴һ̣ȻϢ鵭ϵҲ֮ɢȥ
ɵڣ̨֮ϣ˫ۡ
ʱ䣬¶ɽٵ׼

չµʱ䣬һ죬ڴӰ벽ʾ뵽ʼΣʼ׷ַɿĴʾ˳ʹóֵʼ׽ɢȥ
漴ӵ̨վ𣬻½ǣ߳ɵ

߳ɵһӰ˹ɡ
ͬʱºͼҲ
ǡ
Щ⡣
αչأôȫɵ⣿ǰǲġ
Ů˼£ȥȥˣɵϰȫ˹ȥʱɣ
ɱĸ첲Ƶĵ
ͬʱʱ䣬Բһ֮ǰɽعȥ컹δɳɱˣѾһǰɹصʱ
ɶ
΢㶣ԼŮ˵ʲôʲôصȥʱȥˣ


1939 ֱ
¶Źֵı飬ԼŮʱ˵ĻãȻʲô˼
ͰǼС㣬ǡ
ڣ򵥽ľһ
쵱ݣչسʾʱ򣬻˾Ȼϧðǰգܵȥʱɱδɳǵ죡
Ϊһ³Ծһ˲˲ĶɣԼŮʵ̫˰ɣȻƿʱ䣬˵ɴδƿء
ôŮǲǺֿڣֱҫֵʵǼϰǺǿһ弶۷Ȳϣ˭ʱ䳤ȥأŮսŮֻǴڣǱһЩ۷廹ǿȴҲһ򲻹ŮοŮӹȥĸǱ񽣣ǧٸǣһȫ򱬣
̳µľʣΪжͬʱҲ̳µľòȴ⣬ϣûȣԸȴǺٲȻˣʱֱ˵ڹȥʱͻ˵һսĺܡ
ԭܳԾԼŮ˵صȥͻһսƤдżҫͰ̬ǲɵñЩЦ
Ůˣ
Ц
ֿŶ֣صŶл
һΣŶݳ˵ĶƾˣȥԼɱԼҲһʧΪȥδӰ̫ˡͬʱʧҲһѣҲƾյʧ
˵һΣŶһң̫ˣ޷
ͬʱҲºͼΪȫչصɵ⣬һֱطأԭչصʱ䷢ȴ¡
⣬Ҳúů
һԸ
Цŵ
һΪʵѾʳάôΪĵһǵԵһķףʲô˺ֵף£Ѿһһ١
һ죬ͥСԺľϰȣûзԸͥˣڵһ󣬳ϣǷǳġ
˵Ůλصȥʱڹȥʱʦ̫ʦˡɰ죬ʦϾƹ۾ǳݣǰùúͼλСᵽʦʦǳλȥŮҼʦΪ֣ɱϵۻʵ£̫ǿˣ̫ˣ޵֮ˣ
˵ţӣŵңҪǣʦ̫ˣֱˣŮλعȥڻûбݵ£ʦֻŮʱͺŮǸʱˡҪ֪ŮȥǸʱǸʱʦǵۻʼΪŮȴǴ߶ȣңŮƿʱ䷨ʱ䷨壬ǣǵ¶˼ҡ
ʦûǸʱָŮ룬˼ӦǲŮʱĵûж⣬ڵ߲Եİȫκεв
˵꣬ССĺ˿ڲ衣
ԭоƵģ²Ⱦơ
£첻ɵöݣɻصȥʱϾƹ֣ȥʱϾƹǸʱˣδЩ̫ˡ
ڹȥʱΪô㻹ʱ䷨壬ⶼܱ
ۡ
Ȼһֱ֪ʦܱ̬ǿĿ£ʱɵ£ȴ̲ס˿ֱ̬ĳķˡ
쾪һ뵽һ£ԼԱߵıŮŹֵĵ̤·ʼڣʦΪҳֵļΣҶǵһƺû߰ô£
ȥӰģɻصȥʱСʱ߱ѻˣôһǵ£ڵСʱͼɣǣΪʲôȴȫû£
ΪŮ§ֱۣЦĺܹԣŮڹȥʱǼϰһսǸʱĵܹԼݣսʱĵǲͬʱʱϵΪ˲ӰŮİȫ˵֮ҪйǸʱŮļʶĨȥŮ룬Ů뿪Ǹʱ󣬵ǽʶڡǸʱŮļ䡯Ĩˡ
˵ţŵʱҶͯʦҲڣŮûӡҲǸʱһĨ˹Ůļ䣬ҶͯʦӦҲһ¡


1940 ǰż
˵ţصȥʱʱͻ˵һս򵥵һ
ԣʱݡ
Ǹʱ֮ԼĨȥ˹һսļ䣿΢⣺ʱܾԼƺһҪˣԭ㡣
Ҳۣԭʱ˵һҪˣ£ңʱʶͻȻĹʮһЩ¡ʮ⻹ԼۻʾЩ£ԭСֶŮصȥ֪ǵġ
˵ţֵУڵһμ¹ѹ˵ϤǰƺҲΪ֮ǰСֶŮĹϵȻĨ˼䣬ǵʱطȥСֶŮˣǱʶȴЩģӡ󡣡
һһһĲ顣
ʱ䣬ǺĶ
ЦǰһЩɻʱ򱻽⿪ɵһЩп
һ죬һ˾һܰлЦ
һۣǴա
һ죬ǧѩ뿪ʮ׼ȥǿжɽ١
ǧѩΪµıԴ֮׵ʽ١
ŮҲȥ
ɱĸ첲Ҫȥɽ١
С
Ц
һԼŮǿգһʱǿѰһûĻǣֱӳʲΡ
ʱһһ޴ĺɫеһʱ両֣佻֯޾Ѫɫ磬ÿһ·һͷѪɫǿԽһжݻ١
ÿ£
ǿɣƿʱ䷨򣬿ʱӭʽ٣ȴ̲סӡ
ȻЩľȴǴ⣬Щ˷ܣΪǰ֪Լĸ׷ͬһ㣬Ϊ˵еǿֻ壬վÿһ󾳽綼׷ȴһֱĿùԼĸ׶٣μȻܾ档
䣡
𶯣ʼ׷ӿɫкѪɫ粻⡣
ģȻоԼʽж£һʱ佫ǧѩһԡ
Ҳʱһޱ׷׹䣬һ׷ֱ£ûʮ
ˣ
ǧѩɢ͹âȻƷֻһ׼ʱȴԶԶ׼ʱᲢۣ첢ûֻ֮ɢĻõ͹âʹĵһ׷ֱӷ飬ңסĻǡ
ǿ

¡
ʱ죬ڶ׷ֱ¡
׷ȵһ׷ǿ̫ˣͬնȻǱǧѩ顣
ɢ͹ԵǧѩǶʥ·ûκܹκεˡ
վǧѩγɵķĻڣɵ׷ԼıԴ
֮󣬺¡¡ģϣһһֵ׷䣬¹ȥʱʽɢȥ±ù߲ƸƮ˹
߲Ϊɢаΰ쵱ת̫ľ߲⣬Լľ磬ʹüľԽԽȶ
漴һӺ߲Ҳɢȥʹʧ
ʳڡ
⽻֯ԣ
ȭһʱоԼǿΪﵽʾ˾޴ʱ䣬սΪֻǾʳڣҲ󾳽ۣһʾԵס
ϲﵽʾ
ɴԶ˹
ЦЦ΢ɵܶ
ʱΪʾɵΪʱӡһ֯ŵϢϡ
ߣȥ
Цкɣֱ뿪Żǣûñǻصʮǡ
صʮǣһʱ䣬ͥµ˶ͥڡ
ವһ΢죬ǧѩдڳصڡ
ʾ˰ˣѽΪС¸ˡ
Ͼ
һЦΪҲûãǴһ̧־ͱѹ
̧֣һƾ͸ˣϹ˵ʲôʵ
漴£ԼӻʶѰǴż¸֪£һȥǿǴżá
ż߸ϰ鳷ôһڣ̶¾ʵѰ׼۱ңֻھ˲Ǵżİٷ֮
ۣһɫ
طϾͼĻҲǲɵ¶ݣǴżǷǳľˡ
ȥӰҲҪһȥ
ɵ˫ۺһģ
¿һۣͣ죺ڳ
ڳɣҲûʲôر¡
Ц
ӻʶ֪Ǵż£ȻȻҲ֪Ǵżںδһ죬¡ɺͼ뿪ʮǣǴżȥ


1941 ǧ
뿪ʮǣһ˵ٶȺܿ죬úǿգ
Ǵżλһ嫻ĮС
Ѿܾûˡĵ¶Ц˵򣬼ּҺͺռǼûҹ鷳Ҫȥ⼸һˣ
еġһˡԲǼ򵥵һˣȥǼһЩɫ
ûҪôǡ

ʮߴݣЩϵļּҺͺռҶҹ鷳׷ɱǣʱԣǲ⼸ǲȣǾ̫ˣϾ⼸ǿҲͲ𣬶һˣĶЩѾ벻ǵۡ
ǣͷ·һͷͷǼͷ·ϣͬľѾûбҪȥСϡ
ȻҪǣǼȻҹ鷳ȴһҲûгԣǼ壬һδгԱʥӶˡ
кµˣһ̶ķһδε˺ѿռͨƶ
֮תۣչȥ
չȥһ죬һ˳ϲһĮڣĮ󣬱ʮǵǳǧ򱶣ǻɳ
һ˲ƬĮúĮġ
ˡ
˵
ӻʶзֵǴżλطºͼеʼӿϵĿռŤúһ϶һɹɷǳ˵ĺð·Ǿڤһ㡣
ż¶֮ڣΪȥ޾£ɳһ˿Ѻۣ½ĻУ
һΣ˴ӹż뿪ı˷طĹżʩӡѷ죬ߵطûо߱Խܣûܷ֡
Ѱʶ֪һУʱʼĨķӡʹùżѿѷֳ֡
ߣȥ
кµȥԼУͬ˰½ѷסżڵϢйһЩǿ߸ϵ
ǿѷ죬ǰľ˲ˣռԵúǻ޴ĹӳȺȫԹϵʯĶɣޱȾ˵Ϣʡ
Ⱥʱ䡭ҲǧĹ⾰
¶ɫƿʱ䣬ʱУϢˡ
ôã
һˣȴ⣬Ծ
ǧ꣬һܿµˣطҲǧĹ⾰ʵںˡ
˶ãȥ

ȺȫһģǰһʯſС
ʯڣ䣬ռҲһƺɫƮڿС
ಣ
ƿǰжһ˫Ѫۣ帯ãϢŨٲȻһɿǿߡ
̧֣һƽ֮飬кɫѪҺ䣬ɢһɹɵĶζ
նͷǰĻ谵֮УѪͬǰһÿһͷﶼԿɼʿ
ôôŨ⴦żòһĹɣ
ݡ
ȷʵĹ

ӻʶе֪⴦żȷʵΪһ˵ĹĹ
˵⻰ʱ⣬ɫĴ׸֣һɫĻ𺣳ǰӿȥתۼ佫ȫѹѪδ£ȫٻ١
ߡ
˵ǰ·Ĺȥ
֮ǰУȺп񼶵Ĵڣ㲻ʲô׾ͱϾѾʾ
֮ûкķѶʱ䣬ǰĵƣ֯ǳ˵ɱ⡣
ơ
ɵ¶ɫȵƵɱ̫Ũвۼǿߡ
ͬʱɡϾѩҹҲݡ
Ȼӣͬʱн֯ܿ¡

ʱߵһ۱㿴С
Ҳ֪ˣӦþеٴ
а취
ʵ
ܡ

ʱκβЩƣǣʼΪ֧ţҪƽȻѡ
˵ףЩƺһ𣬵൱һھ˵ظ֣Ѳ
£һŵӿЩƣת۱ʹЩȫɢ֯ŵɱ⣬Ҳ֮ʧ

Ц
ҲΪȲ죬ܿһЩȴûܽ⿪
һЦǰ·ܿгȥԶ
ʱǰһʯңʯҵʯĳţ൤ƿõĺɢңһЩڵرϡ
ʯǰֻ򵥵ɨۣʱǶݡ


1942 ۼħ
ʯڣһѶƵƿɢҵķֲţһɨ֣Щƿʢŵıǲףзѩ굤ת̫ͱ˵ȡ
ЩÿһóȥǼֵˣȻͨв֮á
ɴˣӾĹ̫ǷˣôıȻɢҵĶĸоͺЩıõķһ㡣
׬˰
ȻҲϵóЩ˫ֱŹ⣬ˮû
ǡ
ۡ
ѩҹҲԾЩĿ٣һ𣬾ԳƵһھ챦⡣
ҲԾֻƾЩλСλùáŶʦ塢ʦ塢塢̫Ͱʦ㣬Ͷܴﵽˣ
Щʵ̫Ƿˣңǳ࣬Ҳ֪ж١
һԼƽԼ˵طѡΪıΪҡºΪǻ
ţ
һ˵ͷ¶С̫Ҳ⣬ܿطѡΪɵҩֱӾʯڿʼɡ
һʱ䣬ֲͬâط֯һ˵ľٵ
ˣתۼ䣬¹ȥ
ʱⷽʯڣһɹǿӿꡢ桢ѩҹϦϾ顢¡ŶС̫Դﵽ
ңʯڻȹΪıҩͻƵʱЩȹΪıҩʹΪǷǳȶһһЩǿߵǿıҩҲһЩòס
Ҳ磬ڣѾ꣬涼ѾȶıѾá£Ǿ͸˵ˣȻǴڰ벽ʣȴ۶ȲˣòЩ
֣ʯڻʣµıȫĿɻзǳࡣ
ЩѾûдãͥȴ弫ƾЩǴͥڶʱͥٶǧǿߡ
ǧԳΪǰĵһˣĵѧԺǿ
Ĺλڵģֱ̫ˣ⳨ŵһʯңȻͶѷôһɵҩ
˷ܼ𾪾㤡
Щ£
Ͼ鶼ô
ȻҲǳԾȴҲû̫룬кһˣȥ
ĹȥøɭɫҲǸŨһЩиµ֣ӵϢͬκ˰ˡ
⵹Ҳʲôǰʼʵ߶רſа׵Ľȫ顣
úǰǳһʯңڶѷżȫй
ңЩйԺܾˣһɨȴ⣬һǶݡ
Уʥ˼žʥ˼
ǡ
ۣЩžļֵ̫޴
ȫȥͥؾ󡣡
춯֣Щżȫ
ͥԣһڴ󱦲ء
һˣƿзǷžԼꡢ桢ѩҹϦɣоŴĹžºŶҲ촫̫žǾ˵ĹžǱѰԲʥ˼ž
С̫޵ĹžΪһʼѪϣԶʥ˼žɱȡ
Ͼ̫նǳǿƺͰԵԽ棬ԽˣûлйžıҪ
ʦ£žȻ
йžһϿõҲǷǳС̫һǵȹѪǳƥ䣬һֱΪһҲˣʱʱܽߡ
£ǲҪž
ǵйžûбҪ֮ԲͨмͨûлзǷ塣
ô
֮кһˣȥ
һۣʱȥ߹һתʱǰĻͻȻˣǾȻһƬĴռڣɽһһرϿݹ洦ǣ·Ǵ˵еڤһ㡣
䣡
Զһ޴ɽڣһ˳īѪɫˣסٲȻǸоһϵĻϢ
һ̣Ǻ¡һ޴ɽеѪɫӶˣ˳Ϊһͷ޴ħݣɫϢ
ۼˣ
ۡ
ҲΪͷħݵĿ¶һ̣ɫǶݣĿƬռ


1943 Ĺд
ۼħݿ·ǳħӿľҲʱڵ΢£ԭʼâĹĳֶ
ʹͷһĹڣӿҪ
ʥԴľƾѣֻˣطһ
âоȣҲоϲû뵽⴦ĹоȻӿص
Ҳʱ¡¡ģ𶯣ձ飬ħ˵ǰħƵ
Ϣǳ£ﵽʼ磬ҲֵסϾʺۼľǷǳ޴ģûͬƿдֶΣͲܿԽˡ
ꡢ˶ﵽʵףҲȻǶ֡
ɱĸ첲ųħݣӣϢʵںˡ
쿴ԼⱦŮģЦ£Աߵµ
ߵôͷۼħݣһУҲΨܽ
û˵ʲôͷ
һ˲䣬ǰĿռ΢Ťħݵһʱը鿪
һĻνȴ˽µϾ⣬˶¡
Щ˶֪ºǿȻΪǴڰ벽ʾսǰ벽ʿȣ۶Ҫǿʱ򣬼ôһͷۼħ׾ͱĨɱû¶֣ȴɻǲɵĲ
׺ÿ£
ӡ
ƫͷ
ѽŮ˵׺Ư
æĿڡ
ݸѾͷǹ龫֡
ꡢѩҹŮҲǲɵЦͬʱж۰֮ɫȻҲǵŮŮôĳɫ
Ƭռɭɭɫ֯ϢǳŨ쿪ڣǰ⴦Ĺȥ
ĹҪĶ
һߣһ߿ڣйӵһЩ¼򵥵ĸ֪һˡ
ƬռڣϵĺǷǳ࣬ʱʱԿһĿݣǺɫĻҺΪǵѪҺ
ЩǣƺǰĹˣƬռ䱾һսЩǣǵ⴦ս棬սˡ

壬Ҳ߱˵ѪȴǺǿͨҷǳĴϻۣʱ򿴳Щ
ôһ˵ܣҲЩ촦ƺǺ񡣡
ȷʵ
Ͼ˴ܣҲͷ
ȻȻʹһ˺Ź֣ΪһĹڹĹڣһռ䣬ǲ֣ΪһЩǿ߾ԼĹڴôһռǣһĹһսЩŹˣ˭ὫһսᵽԼĹ
һȻЩŹ֣ȴҲû̫⣬쿪ڣкһ˼Ĺȥ
ƬսĿռǳɭȥһһð඼ɵ񼶣󲿷ֱǰֽżһЩۼ֣Կռ䷨ֱĨĿ֮ռɱʥҪ֡
ͬʱżһЩҲ֣ɱǡ
Ǵﵽ߶ȣͬĶսǵŲ֮á
⴦ĹЩˣȻۼﶼУʵǿ¡
п
Ͼʥ˼žӵĵطĹĹΪҲʥϣʥǿߵĹĹڣۼ

һ˼ǰУ֮󲻶ãռ߳Ƭɭռ䣬ֳһƬһЩռڡ֮µռ䴩дգ³ֽǿ谭ǴƬռг
漴ȴǵһƬռ䣬ұ֮ǰҪ󣬴ǳ࣬ƽϣɽһһ֮ǰռڵɽҪΰ౶ңһӺʵرˮȴкɫƣȪ
Ĺô£ѵȥһƬһƬռģ
ü
Ǽ򵥵ռ䡣΢ܣƬռ䣬ѾһƬˣС϶٣˵һƬʵĴ磬Ǳǿдطᵽ
ʾǳǿҲܾˣƬռķǷ
⻰һȴ⣬˽Ƕݣʵ˵Щ̫ˣƬռԭһƬ磿Ǳǿаᵽ
ĹĹһʵĴᵽԼĹУ⡭
ۡ


1944 
Ȼ˽һƬʵƶԼĹУ£ʵ˺ܳԾ
Ĺʲô
һ˽Զݡ
һʵ磬ۼǿ߾ܼ԰ᶯôһƬʵᵽԼĹЩ˷˼ˣô壬ʲô
ΪװԼĹ

һƬװԼĹ·ۣҪҲ̫ݳˡ
ˣֱȥ

Ƭڣɽܶ࣬ҲȻԭɽɺӣᵽĹںܵĹڵʴԱģ
ǰƬгһЩһЩɽúܲƣرҲܲƣطвйǣ֮ǰǴռսЩơ
Ƭ磬겻Ҳһսɣ
һ˳Ծ
ΪȥƬ統ƺķǳ˵Ĵս綼ĲˣطϵѺۡ
ʱĲ룬ǣǶȴҪֻǶطԵЩѡ
ΪףһƬĴУûʲôرĴΣգúǴƬ˳ȥ
ʱǳԾǣȺĹڷһƬƬ磬ЩҲǲƵģͬս㣬ԴֶĹڡ
°ĹʲôͷȻԼĹзô硣
ľ
ҲԾܿҲͲˣΪЩ£Ҳ벻ס
һ·ǰУԽԽȥеԽŨΣҲԽ࣬ܶʱвۼǿߡ¸ͬУЩΣյҲʲôԿռ·ΣգױĨ
УѰ˸ı౦Ŵá
Щʱ򽫰ͷȫһһ۾ۣѾֿܾˣĹѰһЩҩȣǵҲв֮á
ô
ͷȷʵǣһǧûм˸Сˡ
ƺͷӢ۵ˣʮĻսѣһͥȻȥһǧʱûȷʵǸþһˡ
СҶͯСҲһһЩһֱΪͥ

Ȼ
Цŵͷ
ü״ɵڵ֮Щ֮ȫΪ¶ãþǺܴ
漴Ŷ֮󻹵ÿŶǵľټȥһһ
õġ
ŶЦ
ɱĸ첲Цĺ𣺡ŮҲҪһȥ
Щһֱʮ򣬻ɽͥأ֮ǰȥɽԼǰĹ뿪ʮ⣬ûȥ磬ûкһȥ֮ҪȥѰһЩˣһȥ
С
ЦȻܾ
һĹУȻԵúɭ໥ȴǻЦܶࡣ
ܿ죬ʱȥա
յʱ˸Σ֣üв۷ۣȴҲ½оա
պһ죬ǿĹڵһƬƴڣŨ˼㣬綼·ˣһѪɫڲϣһַǳ㤵ĸо
Ҳʱ춯ݣڵöٴβҷǳľҡ
ʹͷһƾһĻоˣĹӿʹƬ硣
¼򵥵ĺһ˵ƾڵĲƬƴڿٵƶ¹ȥʱ󣬳һԨǰ
ȥԨڲףޱŨϢ·ˡ
棡
Ŀâ
кһˣԨ½䣬úԨײ˳ӵĸӦԨǰУһСУڣľԽ
ܿ죬е⴦СУǰһڴأǺڰĸһȭͷСĹδڴģصĺġ
ŹΣ쵱¶ϲɫ
ǳԾǰⷽڵĸ̫ˣϢǳ¡
ҡ
һ˵Լǰڵɢ챦ԣһƱӵֱϣֱ̧֣̽ڡ
ڵĸǳ£ȻһЩ۷弶ʵȥҲǾһȥɢıԻ壬ЩϢĸֱӴнץ


1945 յĴ˸
ȭͷС֯⵽µϢʹÿռ䶼΢ЩŤ
ԭʼĸ۳ɵĶ̫ˣ
пѾƾͻʥԴͬԭʼԭʼ۶ɵͬʱȴǲɵóԾ
콫ڣȡɵڵĸҲȫ
ЩĸǳŨ̺ŷǳ˵ͼΪ˵Ļ֮໥һһֶԽеʹã֮ǰƾʱƾڵİǣã֮ʱҲܽеǣʹá
ϲ
һЦѾ֪ǳҪ
ЦԴкˣ⴦Ĺȥ
ĹܾˣõǸĴϲ˵һջ񣬲ĹҪ̽ѰģԽȥ˵ܵõ౦
ĹڵıûһǷƷмļֵ
£һ뿪طĹȥ
֮ʱת۱ǹȥһ¡
һʱǰ;Σֺ֣һЩΣвʥȴվûסǵĲԱ³ֽ
Уǵõ˸ıдѪҩ꣬ۼǿ߶дãѰʱ۱ԼһЩǷ
ò˵߸ϰ鳣Ƿһ⡣

ǽĹҲͼµʱѣջȴԾ£ʥ˼žʮͨ֡һʱ۱١ǿ߶ԶŲ֮õ浤챦Լʶдõҩȡ
ôһ𣬷ƬأȻǻν˵еĴ޾µĻۼҲԶԶ֮ϣ̫ˡ
ͬʱһ·Ҳ£¸ͬУǲܵõô౦һЩΣֱ֣ҪǵĹС
һ˼ǰУãչȥ
պһ죬һͣǰ¶һŵľʮƬƵʵ类ѹС໥һؾֻǸźԶţһ˲Ȼǿ죬ֻǿҲ꽫ѡ
ļ£ĹĹʵ̫ˣĹڣ洦ʵĴ磬ʮƴ类ţȻȻγȻ֡
ܽ𣿡
¡
Ҳǿ£ĸ̫ˣǶĺԶ
¿ǰҡͷ
ѩҹ˲죬µǿһ·ǶĿãǳ£޵֮ˣǿ£ȴҲƲطȸ֣
Ͼ鿪ڣСľ磬ӲĶʵʵϣС±ֳʵʵ֮һ
һ˵ʵҪӦľӣؼʿ߱ʵΪǶԵȵģܰٷְٷӼʵȴǲһ߱ʵѾԶԶľ磬Եǰľ磬ѿԽʵӳڸһʿһ۱ʿ弶磬ǲܽһ۱ܼɽһǶӲ
ϾǶĺѣ˽⣬жǿ
ѩҹԣǴ󾪣֮ǰչֳʵѾֲ˷ָˣϾȴƣǵսʵ֮һ
ҲԾ漴˶٣µǿ£
Ͼ˵Ļֻһ˲Ϊʵһ͸оˣµʵ;磬ʵԶԶ˰벽ʣΪĳЩ£¡
µͷš
óȴϾһǲ죬¾ǹʾ²ͻơ
ǲ֮𣿿ǣѾ֮ƿصĺܴ˰
ֹ
ȻҲµһûΪοͣ²ͻƣһ£Żͣζ೤ʱ䣿
ʮҡ
µ
Ҳ̫á
Ȳεʿ˵ʮĲʲô
漴ûʲôкһ뿪
졣ʱŶͻȻݣסΣգ
ǰ֮°˵ټһȺ˺ȫһһۣʱʱ㣬ʱ㵽ϣְ׻ͷӢһ֮Σ


1946 
ʲô
ŶĻʱݣΣգ
Ǳɫ¶飺ŶʲôΣգҸģ
ԱߣҲݡ
Ŷ˰ΣգȻ˾λãµ
ߣ
û˿ԥкһˣŽĹʱ·ŹĹȥ
ΪĹǳʮƬʵĴ磬ռݷǳ̣Ȼǿ£Ҳ޷ֱӴĹ˺ѿռ뿪ֻʱ·ߡ
ٶȺܿ죬ûȥñгĹ콫ͨĹǵѷ·ӡŶλֱ꣬˺ռŻһ˿롣
֮ûȥ೤ʱ䣬һ˳һƬлĴڡ
ȥƬڣɽȺһһ֯ȴһϢڤ
ڤ磡
лһĨ΢⣬ϳƬ磬ϾƹѰӿоᵽڤ磬ΪĹŴսڤںһƬ´绯ɣǳ嫡
ڤ磬ڤ壬ڤ硣

ڤ۾ͷĴڣ̫ϵйһսʥ֮½޵еĴڣ˱ƵĺǱ˱ת
Щȴûԭض̫ãŶṩλãڤȥ

ڤ磬򡭡
һƬİɽڣһ޾һϽȾѪ
׼Ҵ˸磬Ҫˣ㵽Ҳûð˵ľЩ϶ˡ
һǰӢۺͰ׻ʱ򣬰׻Ѫ
أȾѪһ绡ڽ֯ϢǳˣѹϣǻĹŵǿתһϸС
ӢվԱߣøӿˣ첲ȳ˵ĴȻ֣㣬ֻһ۾֪ǵȼڵǳ£ƺԽһж顣
һΧʮӰΧܣϢۻǿڣΪ׵һ˸Ǵڰ벽ʾһܵ·ȫסˡ
ͬʱ⸽Ųٵʬʮ񼶣ڷӢۺͰ׻֣֮ʮʿһ۷ǿߵʬǱɱ
ѣ̲ΧܵʮǿУΪ׵һ˿ڣһޣ⣬ǶܲҸǻĻᣬѺԸĸΪڤսūҵȱͲɱǣ
ԭ̽ѰһعȣӢۺͰ׻һعȡ˵еѣ½ԶݣᣬȻӢۺͰ׻ǿǳԾо壬սˣһ·׷ɱһսȻʱһޱƵĩ·һȴʧأʮǿߺʮǿһС
Ƕһ޵ɱǷǳ󣬲һǿᣬ壬һҲѪˣҲǶ˼ڶѺһ޻ԼһսūһΪս
ң֮ǿĥһޣֱɱһ޸á
Ҫûͣ
ȾѪӲ԰ףѾ˥ܶ࣬ȴǺĮսıֱһƻơ
ӢԴҲǲʣɽ
ʮһ벽ʣεıҪˡ׻һࣺǧڳѣû͵СУҪ군ˡ
Ȼһ࣬ȴҲǵһʱۻӿͬӢһ㣬ҲǴ۷Σǳˣ֮벽ֺ
һ㶯Χܵʮڤǿ߽¶Įı顣
ǻ᲻ϧǾɣ
Ϊ׵һ˵ֱӶ֣벽ʼӿһѹȥ
ͬʱʮһ֣ʱٸһ˿Ļᡣ
ܣֱӷܣһݲ
Ҳʱוּһ̶ĽԶͰһʱϵֱӶ֣ɫĽն˿ռ䣬һɻ쫷磬ʮ˼ܣʮȫɡ
ʱ۵ģѪˮһըʮ֮УȴΪ׵İ벽ʼǿߺ۷⣬ʮ˵һʱ
磡
дŽģٶ죬һ¾ͳ嵽һǰŰ´ԼĸܵʲôĻˡ
Ӵ
µ˺һһǰЦŴк
֮ǰŶᵽӢۺͰ׻ѣȻҲǷǳżʱһȻȾѪˣȴûд󰭣


1947 ڤɱ
һ˳֣ӢۺͰ׻Ƕݡ
ӴĴ䰡Сӣ̫ʱˣ
׻ղŻһ࣬ѾľҪƴˣȴ룬쾹Ȼһ˳ǰֱӽǵΣ
졣
ӢۺкѪˮģȴǺܺЦ
ô
ʵ
һ˳طڹؼʱ̽ǵΣ֣Ƕû֮ǰĽȸУһͻȻ֣ٻЩԾ
Ŷ㵽Σգ˾λãǸˡ

˵ţ̧֣̫תѪɫԸֶһ޻ƣܿʹһ޵ƺ˴룬ϵѪҲһĨȥ
ʣ
ͫ΢ʱоΪȻѾﵽʾ
ͬʱӢۺͰ׻ȻҲǸоһ㣬ǲɵóԾ
ĵǵĺܿ졣΢ΣһöȭͷСĹԸֶΪһᾧ״壬֯ŷǳ˵ݸ죺㡣
ӰнӹᾧݣȻϳⶫѣ
漴ͬһʱ䣬⣬ڵ΢漴ӿʼ𶯣һʱһԭʼϢƵӳ壬һͨĹᴩطĲ񷣬ǵԭʼϢ

ڤģڤʳڡ
ǡӵĲڤʳڣڱչصڤӦϢѣлһĨâֻӣڤУ
һֱ̣Ӷˣ˲ڤʳǡ

ˣ
⣬ͣȴһƬ財
ڣԭʼԣһϵۡҪӳ˯оѰ㡣
һĻʹԱ߳ȴ˶Ƕݣ¶ɫ
Ϣǡ
׻¶ɫоϢԭʼͺ嫣ƺһпԡ
ǡӵĹԣۣȹԣȻǵãʱͻȻĹԣûʲôΣգ˶ٲµЩʲôӿҪʥԴľƾѣʥԴľƾѾѰӣǰõֵõѣˣ鼯һӽҪˣ
ࡣ
ԭʼԻƣĲ²⣬ͷ
ʥԴľƾѾڣֶѰʱ򣬾߳ӻ˾ҷӦͬСĺ̰ͯѣҪ
΢̫ľתǿнӵķӦѹȥʹý֯ǵԭʼԻ㵽ڡ
ӵĿǴ£׼صʮ潫֮ڣȶ״̬ʵݻ
æˣ
ЦŶ԰ӢۺͰ׻
·ϷֱǰӿҪǣ֮һΪѰң룬ȻİѰһ֣ѰҪѡ
ʱವƿĵӰһٶȶԶ
ˣ֮ǰ쵴һ½δļˣһ˴ڰ벽ʾ˴۷塣֮ǰһȻδȴ˵ĺأֱʱǿϢָжһʱѡ
Ϊ֮ǰնһ˶ʶֲܿԲǿԵֵˣʱָжȻֱѡ
ӴܣСӣɵǣ׻֮ǰһƬعǧѰѣ⼸˺ʮ˷֣һ·׷ɱᣬĻү׼Ҵ˸Ӳͽˣүģ
ԣ֪˰ӢۺͰ׻ΪʲôЩΧ׷ɱ
漴ֱ̧֣ĵɫâֱ˶ķնȥ
ĵٶȼ죬תۼ׷ˣʹҽжǱնķ飬
˿ڶ
׻Щˬ졣
Сû²ҪġһЦһǧ겻ڻʮȥ֮ٽͺһһ۾ۡ⣬ǰһĹڵõɱʱӦö
䣡
ͻȻԶһɼΪ˵Ϣǿڤӿת۱ǰĻϡ
һ꣬Į䣬ѹӿȣʹطɽӶŲ
ڤ
һ


1948 ʥ
ڤϣڤĮϵһ۾Ϳ졣
Ȼֻӣ䣬ڤӿһʱ佫ȫ󻺲ȥڤܣ£ûκܸӦ
ӿǿˣʹð˽΢
ϾǵΪۼǿ߶ԣ̫ˡ
ʦ
쿴ڤȫûо⣬ķ̵
ڤɫʱ΢Ϊ˵ĲûдȷʵɵϾƹ·ϣϾƹ֣̫ǿˣѾ۾ΣǶ֡ʱط±ϾƹڶǰʩչڤסܣһϢ
Ҫ˶ñͻƣʥΣʱȻն

漴ֱӶ֣ۼӡ̽գץȥҪȡڵӡ
õӣ󲢲ռΪУóʸϽλʥʹڴ֮ǰвӣҲвСĺôպдңӳϣҲһ󹦣ϽҲٺô
ڤּ䣬ѹʮϢǿֻ˲Ϣǰ
ϻõѪù
ĵ
ǣ
Ҳ
û˵ʲôֻǿԱߵ¡
浲סֻۣܿ¡
Ȼ˼ͷǰڤ΢
ۣ
ѪˮǰĿռŤڤ̽ۼӡһʱ䱻ķ飬һδĺɿȥ
⡭
ӢۺͰ׻Ծ׻ɴۡ
Ȼϵ£Ҳ֪ºǿȴû뵽ǿֻһѣޱƽʥڤⴴɣǺεȿµʵ
Ű벽ʵΪѣǡ
׻˿Һ
ѩҹû¶ɫΪ֮ǰǴĹڣһ˶ѾǼʶµʵǿĲ
Сͣڰ벽ʲԽãڼԽӦܷӳʵԽǿԺͻƵߵΪʱƿػ޵
Ͼ
ȻҲ֪һ㣬ʱǰĿڤϡ
죬߲ˣﳤߡ
˵
ڤԶסΣ־ŭĶ죬Աߵ¡
벽ʣ㾹Ȼǵ£ڼȴû뵽»ôǿȻ԰벽ʾΪ˵۷ۡ£ţһֱ̺ɫһǧǰǳ𶯣ģ
ʱһ£һǧǰк˵Ϣϯʮļ¡һ̣£¶ɢϢͻȻͷϢ͵ǳ𶯵ѹ
һ㣬ɵõһ£һ仰ҲûУתߡ
ʱϢŵ˺ܶˡ
ڤֱ룬첻ɵ
һǧǰһƬƫԶĴΪʧһͷվŮ裬ʱһμҵʱˡ
ʱ£ɢϢֲ̫ˣڻ£ԣܿ϶ֻǴڰ벽ʾҲѹʥ
ʱڤӶݣ⣬ΪƿпռĿ֮ռǿʥڤӲ
ʵϣʵȷʵˣûжֻ֣ǿǰڤӶݶȥķձŤȻγһӶ֮·ضϡ
ң֮󣬲ûнռ֮ѹʹڤƺߣۼھٲȻڳſռ֮ѹƣй
ҿ
־ŭֶȴûãסռ
˵ϻҪѪùԼ
̡
䣡
ڤŭڤâ죬Ѿ˵ʥȴɳŲռ֮
Ʊģ
˻
һ̣ųޱȳҵĹ⣬ֱʼȼԴڤâΪ֮ʢʮû
漴һ̣һŸֶмΪ˵ӿ
һĻ쵱ݣ̫ϤˣҲһ£ȼձԴĳֶ׼ʥʹ
ͬʱС̫ҲݣԼ£ǵá
¡
ڤ󣬹â֯財
漴һ̣һʮӰпһ˫Į䡣
Ȼںˣ
һ
ʱʮʥʹ֣⻷âһϤǿϢѹڤܵĿռ֮˿ȥ
ʥ
֪Ϣʲô֪ۺºȻ˽ˣǰϤǿϢʥǿеĲʥ


1949 ߵʮʥʹ
ʮʥʹӹźʥ֯Ǻӣͬۡ١
һꡢѩҹ桢ϦŶȲԷˣ¶ݣȻȻܹоԷϵϢж£ǳˡ
Խ۾ˣʥʥˣʥʥǸߵĲΣ
ﶯݡ
ǰصʮѾ¸֪ǣ۾вλֺҪ壬ȻǶѾ֪
쿴ŶԷоŶԷϢܹĳԷһγģֻһ߻ѣǱ塣
ˡڤڣɫ𾴣죬ʮʥʹұӣٳϣǡ˵ţֿԱߵ£Ůӣ̫ˣҵвֻʥʹԶ֡
µΪֻа벽ʾȴչֳѹ۷۵ǲѰ뵽ݴʣֻС족һ
ʮʥʹΪһ꣬ӼΪ䣬һ֣Ŀϡ
ӣ
䣬裬һǧǰڻʱгԹԴֻؼздֻĥһ߻񶼻ǵá
ʱûڤᵽ£ֻɭĶ죬ֱӶ֣죬ǸһԶľ룬ǿʥԣѹ䡣
ΪȷǷеֻʣУֱӿ»ϴΰѡһ붯֣ǾûˣôԶľ룬ϻֻҲûãκв
ʥӿٶȲ죬ȴˡ
ϢԶǿ߿ȡ
ܽ£
¡
ԱߣϦҲ£ȾҲָֻˡ
µͷû˵ʲôֻ΢⻮
ǰռŤɫĿռлת۽ʮʥʹʥնķ顣
һĻʹһ˶ǲɵóԾ֪·ǳǿȴǱһĻϾʮʥʹǷǳ¡
áǿ
׻ֱۡ
춼ǲɵöݣʮʥʹʥԣô׾ͱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬棬ڤɫ֪Լʥʹжǿʥ˼Ȼʱֻһ߻٣սһҲɿ·ǳѹʥһʥ⣬ȴǱ͸飬š
ʮʥʹԼҲݣʱĿϣӲɵһ
벽ܵ±һȷʵЩ졣˵ţ£Įиǿʥӿ΢̧һʥɺӣºƺƵѹȥֻ½Щ˼ȻܷӳԶΪս
ﬣ
ºƽĿռŤɫиֱ֣ӴʮʥʹĻ̧ն£ѪˮƮڿУ㴥Ŀ
һʱ䣬ٴαɫ
ղţʮʥʹѾ̧֣ȻڶˣʥҲԱ֮ǰǿʮɽ֣ȴǱ»ˣңʼգһ¡
벽ʼΪ޷ӳȫʵƣҲԺʥһսˡ
¶â
䣡
ʥӿ죬ʮʥʹ¶µĺ⣬ʥȸղǿ˰ٱʥˣȻԻˣսȴҲ㹻£ʥ¼޵еģȴǱһ벽նһֱۣʱɱӿ
£⡭
ˣ
ռŤٴδ仰
µһ˶̧׹âƣʮʥʹϺһһͷͷȻûпµϢȴ˲Ĳת۽ʮʥʹ
ʱʮʥʹɫ䣺ǣ㾹Ȼƿȡ
ͣ
һ죬仰ﱻϣ飬۳ƮɢתʧӰ١
һ˲䣬üž
⣬ǡ
׻̲ס˿Һë
ǰµʮʥʹô׵ıˡ
ȻҲ𺳣Ǳµʵһپֱ̫ˡ
°£п漴̲סЦһ룬ү;Ǳʮϼһ̫ˣһԻ½磬ǱСӵı̬ʦĨˣСһϣڶԻ½磬Сֻʿɱε߻½磬ֱ¹Ĩɱµһﰡү̲סıһˡ
һĻͷһ룬ɵҲЦ
ȥһ룬ʮʥʹǹߵġ


1950 
ʮʥʹʧĨɱһ˶ǲɵ𺳣ʵ̫ǿˣ
ͬʱڤȻɫ䡣
㤵Ŀ£һ˿Ҳûˣֱת롣
¡

ԣµͷȻ˼ĿɨǰڤӶݵķ򣬿ռ䲨ɫֱ֣ӶԷᴩ漴һɢ
ڤ˲Ϣ廯ɻңҽж
Ǽ˶ƵıתĹϴ֮һô
˿Һ
½
Ц
ѩҹҲڡ
¶Цɫº͡
ã߰ɣǻȥ
ʱڵ
ѾȫʱûбҪƬˡ
ңƬ磬ǽϵڤˣǳһС
߰ʲôڤһòǵͷڤˣ¹ڣƬԺߣڤԴȫˣ
׻˫۷Ź⡣
ûҪһЩԴȲǵ֮һ
֮ǰǴĹڵõ̫챦һļֵڤų֮µǿеԴҲԶԶȲϣȻ⡣
¼򵥺Ͱ׻ͷӢ۵£һԾ
桭ģ
׻ۡ
Ȼƭʲô߰ɡ

֮ûڤֱ뿪Ƭ磬󷵻ʮ
صʮһ˶ͥҲ⡣
Ŷ֮ǰᵽģһЩ˵ټݵȥǡ
صͥУϢһʱŶ
ҵˡ
ŶЦŵͷݵơԺ˵ټһһ֪졣
áͷɺȥҺԣͷȥƣӢȥ棬ȥСҶͯ˴ͬһλá
Уţ

һ죬뿪ʮ򣬰ŶṩƵ˵ټǰѰҡ
ΪŶݳľ꣬ûкķѶʱ䣬ƺͺԵ˱ǶѰعʮ
УﵽڣһĳĬԣʵǿơҶͯСǴ۷壬ǳˣ˿ɱȡ
ԣ仯һС˶ٵĴҵҵԷʱԷһѨڣƣԷ壬ʹһȻԻɫɱΪѪǿϡ
ǧ겻Ǹӣ
ͥڣһ˶ڣܸˣƮ㣬ǳ֡
СӣȻˣ
֪ľ磬ǳԾЦ
ҹ飡˭Ϊ֧Žƣ

ģ׻ƴү¹˭үųƾ
ȹſСӣΪߣ
ƽ
е
޳ɣ
Ͱ׻Ӧһ¾Χ˹ȥ
ͺԶΧ˹ȥ
ǣ
޾壬ԾֶûʲôȤȴǷǳãȻǲΪ֧ţҲûмܱȵϡ
ѽ
С̫ģƮԱߣŸԼľ̳
֮һڹ˻ۣȻǼá
¡ŮһԱȼգƮ
ºܰͰƴƣºͣһ΢⡣
ϾԱߣȻϵø첲£ЦĵС£ǲǾøһַǳ
µͷʲô᣺ЩˣΪۼһ𡣡
˺ѿıԼҪҶϲĸ硣
ϦһߵܳݵĿǰ졣
ǵúСʱαģʱƵж෱æȥ뿪Զһ뵽ģȷİȫ
ǰʱұץˣһ˴ʳǣϧΪС
ǰʱΪΪҸ磬Դǰ׼ңȫԼ
ͰǰͰ˼ƴƵ죬ºͺᡣ
ǲҫжôãֻΪϦĻд뵽һЩ¡
ͦá
µЦʮض˱Ȼʧɫ
û죬ڣ첻ƴֻرԴ϶ɸƽڵʥⱾԴձԴǱס
ˣҺܸˣоҸ
Ͼһߵ
ΪԭʧȥʵֻһİˣɲһеޱصĺڰɭбһЩͽбΪħʧȥңȾů־ۡ
飬֣ıԼҪ

ͦá
Цô򵥵ֻ֣ºЩ
֮޼ϵһģΨһ顣
飬飬飬顣


1951 ҶͯͿ
֣Ҫ֮һعԼϵõȫ֡
µ˾һ𣬿ǰ죬鶼ºᡣ
ӴСӣûſ£
ȼգƮţƽгһȺΧ˴춼û൹
Ц˭ңܵ£
ЦЩһǳɡ
ôţ
׻С
࣡

һȺΧֹ࣬ʼã಻һ˷ʼƱյ
ʦ
ҶͯͿ˹쾴ơ
ҶͯѾһεӢӣǿԸȴǺ
ͿƯˣһԺԣȥϲ
쾴ƺͿɾҶͯ
Ǹʦǡ
ҶͯȻյĵͿɵ񣬿ֹסӺףǲɵһԵͿɡ
쿴ģֿһԲʹɫͿɣɻһ˲΢ɵòµЩʲô
ʲô˵
Цŵ
ҶͯͷǣǸ
˵ţ͵͵ԱߵͿɡ
ӴСӣ˵ĺʲôǺСˣʦȫµĸ
׻ģ̲סˣڡ
֮ǰȥҵʱżȻ¡
⻰ϣ˶¶ɫ
СҶӣ԰Լʦã
ҶͯЦ
ҲҶͯͿɣ¶⣬ϴº͵Ц
ҶͯʱԱߣͿҲһˡ
漴ͬʱȥдʦȫ
Щ꣬һ⣬ΪΪ̤ͥǿգ߹һһ磬һȻ˸顣
쿴ԼǳɫĵӣһЦ͵ˣҶͯԺúöʦá
ԼӶţܹ໥ߵһȽȻˡ
ҶͯͿô˵Ȼ֪ͬˣ¶ϲɫ
ллʦ
˵
˵ţ໥ԷɫЩ΢졣
СҶʦ֣ʦ㣬ϲǣ
˹ҶͯͿɵϲ
ллɡ
ҶͯӺףͿɵֵ
һ죬ΪҶͯͿɵ£ͥø֡
ζƮͥþòɢ
һ۱Ǵգ콫ǴĹڵõһЩžȫȡָҶͯͿɺͰ׻ûдﵽһЩΪıʹһ˵Ϊڶʱڴﵽ
ֽӹĹеõ۱ԷָһҽӹĹڵõʥžȡһ
漴ʱһΣ¹ȥ
۱󲿷ǿ߶ûУȴǸһһʣºܶͥ⣡ʥžȣֱ׻ЦΪ˷ܣǴ˵е֮£Դ˭ܹȵǣ
ţ
ҲЦʱﵽ磬ҲһЩʥžһЩʥʵһ츲صı仯ֻǲŴڣۺ㲻۱ҲԺ۷弶һսˡ
ͻĺԣ֮Ҳн֯â
֮ǰʹ֮󣬽ȡһЩҩʥžȣø׳øˣ˾޴ʱ䡣
ʣµһЩȣһִ²ʣһַͥ⣬֮һ£ͥĵǣʥž
еĺǺΪԼµ֣Լɫۼ׺͵ǰѪϣô֡
á
˵ͷ
һ죬뿪ͥºͼһ𣬷²
·Ǵ²²ĳڵλͼϽˣҲĹѣһˣµˣһ²̽һѣ䱦
ǷڣطشȻԴͥѾﵽʾȴʼղԼǷڵĵӣһҡ
²ãڷͣפһ£漴Ƿصھ
漴תۼ䣬һ¹ȥ
һºһ죬һ˹ȫеߣ׼һ쿪ʼ뵽ڣݻ硣
ʵݻ̣ԷǱѰʱߣӿʱԱв򣬾һ˶ӦûкôûкôҲԲκλ


1952 
콫һ˽еԣͥʮػܰȫ
һƬʵ罫ݻٶүڴ
˫۹âš
ҲĿ̾âʱԱߡ
ΨվԶЩĵطӵݻʲôãϾΪȻŰ벽ʾڵĸ߶Ѿܾˡ
վԶΪ커
ҿʼˡ
һ׼ã󿪿ڣµ˵ͷ漴ԭϥ¡
̫ľתһʱ䣬ĽɫԽ֯ʮ󣬽۷塣
漴΢ڵͬʱ֯ԭʼѽ֯ԭʼ߻ĳ
һʱ䣬ʱѱȥиΪԭʼΪ嫵ϢʼңϢʼǿø嫡
ͬʱɵڣ֮ǰǴĹռЩ֯˻ĸʼڣеϢ໥ŵĴʱΪϢһƵĴɵڽ֯
ȴ֯иУ̫ľתĸ죬ȡЩʹüľһƵΪҲ
ͬʱѣȻȻڲϳӽ֯ԭʼϢҲԽӵĺ嫡
ˣһ¹ȥ
ºһ죬ȫڣʱΪҵԣʹ첻һȹһÿһƬѪ;ҫޱʹѪ;ʼǿ
ͬʱһƵâƣ֯ϡ
ȵâȫ·ʶ׺

Ƭ֮һ촫·մ˰㣬ӳѺۡ
ЩѺԽԽ࣬ڣԽӺ嫺Ϣӳ
ȺϢӿһ̣ʧ飬һƬӰԻƮţ͸֡
һ̣Ӱ֮ڣƬģӰʼӣӺƥԭʼİͼҲһڡ
Ӱʼʵ绷ܣԭʼӿ
Уʣκζ
ݻ磬ôʲôûУʯͷ
׻ɻ
ԱߣҲǲ⡣
һһһľһʯһɽһˮҪƾ
վڲԶ
ȻΪһ˽ʹһ˵Ȼ
ˣ
ݻĴΪģʱ΢΢ԭʼϢӿԭʼԭʼԭʼԭʼһЩǳ˵ϢʹԱߵ˶ɵһ¶ݡ
һ̣ݱ䣬ԭʼϢ֯ϣʹڵѪҺʼڣڵĵʼ𶯣ѪȶʼĽϴڷɿıǿ
ңͬʱƽռ䣬ͨ⣬ʱ򣬴඼תۼûȻʱ޵ϡ

Ͼ
ǴϣȴԭʼƣԿʼ档
Һ񡭡һˡ

ͣǧȻǵΪжľҲһ񣬵ʱ򣬱ϢƣЩ
ͬһʱ䣬ƺͷӢ۵ʱҲǵ˲ͬĺô
ˣ
Ϊĺϣֻ˷ԲʮҵĿռ䣬ڹʣϢ嫡
΢ۣݻ磬ڣֲͬ֯𶯣ɵڶĸڵĴĸ䣬ʹʵһǳ˵ٶΪɿ
ˣһۣ¹ȥ
ºϢȣоɢΪ뵽ڡ
ݻĴܣ֯ԭʼʲôҲûУһƬʣһƬǣʲôҲΨһܸоģֻ˵ĺ嫺
ڣâڴڣɢϢӸӵĺ嫡
ֲͬĺӣΪףóĴԭʼϢԼĺ嫵ͬĲ֡
תۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬ݻĴ罥ȶҲȶ΢ͻأмΪֲϢںƵԼ䣬к˵ڴħʮء
һɹɿطǰڷ趯һ˫ۣ˫֮ͫϸоֺ¸ԸƳԲһ𣬳嫺а


1953 ͫѹ̫
ֺ¸Ի˫֮ͫϣضаطͥΪ֮𶯡
֮ϣ޾Ʋֹͣʵʵۡ
⡭ǣ
Ͱڵһʱ䱻Ϣѣ죬󶼿ʱ˫ۣɫӭ˫ۣǸо궼ʹ
ۣԣԲǣ⣬˫ǡ
ۼ׶ɵõʱ˫ͫŵˡ
˫̫ˣ޵׺ڶ㣬·ɵһС
ϾɫҲǱˣǵһμ˫ۣʱΪħ˫ʱԻ˫ͫ죬ʱֲ̫ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Զ΢⸡һ˲˲Ŀʱ졣

Ҳݣʱ˫ۣһļµĸо
ļ¸УǿʱЩҿǰס
ϣϯ˫ƾֺ£ۡ
ı飬ʱҲ΢䡣
ڶΣ˫ͫžңʶʱֻرһܵĸо
̧ͷĿƶӼһһɨʱܿһ˵ÿһë׵΢ڣܹһڵ
Ŀϣڵ޲һƬƽǣֻȴ𺳣Ӱ㣬ƺض޷װ
˫ۣ
µЦ
쿴˶٣ۣƬرøӵ
£ĿӼһһƶϡ
ȥ¡
ݻĴ类ջڣµ漴ͥһ˲ʧӰ١
ֻһɲǶѣ뿪ʮӰһƬ嫵Ĵڡ
ȥƬǳΰ֮й֮޲֮ҪŨܶࡣ
Ƭ磬һ˲һطһޱϿգһʿԲɵͣ½ŲǶݡ
ࣿ
ྐྵҳڣʥǣ

ڣһʿŭȣ󣬵˶֣ƥ볯ѹȥңϲ񷣬ֱӳץȥԻ˳
ϣЩʿĹ޶ãĿĵϣûκλڵĶ̧־һȭһȭֱĺ
¡
ֻһ˲䣬ȭ֮ϣһɲǼķ顣
ͬʱЩʿɱֱӱȭķ飬ץһȺʿը̼ķѣһƬ档

Ŵǣ˿̣ڣ䶼вҽдڵһʿһЩҴҲǻһȭನ˴ѣ˼صˡ
ҲʱವƿӰӲƵڳ
ʲôˣ
Ϊ׵һ˿ڣ۹⻷ƣǿȴܻңģԵЩǱ
ͬʱԱߣԵøǱܡ
󣬼˱Ƕ죬Ϊ׵һ˵ɫ
㣡
һϮۣԻ壬ǿȻŴ̫ϡ
죬̫ȻϵãźüΣңӣϡ
죬һƬɭ䣬٣Ǳٵ£һʱֻǵϵӣ֡
ৣ
ƿ𣬴ĻϢʧ֮ǰĵط·˲ƶ㣬ֻһ۱ֱӳǰ
ٶʹ̫϶ݣ㡭
飡
ȭֱ̫ϸ̫ӲƺߣֱһھѪ˱ɳȥʮԶ
ˣ
̫Աߣ˱ɫһǿߣȻһһȭˡ
ѹ
Ϊ̫ϵĴ󻤷ΪǴ۳ڣʱڣһʱԼܣͬʱ֣ץȥ
һʱ䣬Ĺۼѹĸͬķѹϣֱӽա
лƾֺ£һۣĿںɳȥ̫ϣһٴγ̫ϱȥ
ϣӿʵʸһʱ˵ܣͬʱɣûסΣۼը
һ̣̫ǰûκλڵĶǼһȭ¡
̫ϸסαǱƵǰǶݣ¶ŭ֮ɫ㡭
飡
һȭ丹ٴν֮ĺɣһκɳȥԶ
ѪˮƮڿУĿġ
Ҫ
Į˫оֺаٴαϡ


1954 ̫Ǳ
ʱһǧֵ꣬ͫٴθ֣ʵһ츲صı仯ͬǰ㣬뼺Ϊȣ·˲ӵ߱ʥ֮
ٶȺܿ죬۶Ҫ࣬ת۱ֳںɳȥ̫ǰ
һΣ̫ϺסΣͨӿ޾֣ÿһⶼѹһֱۣͨĳѹȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģ˲Ϣסܡ
£ϵһƬƬվֱ𣬳ܲ۷弶۵ܡ
ıûκα仯ӭܣܣеĴ׹ԣֱӴдֻ˲ֳ̫Ͻǰһȭ
ʶѣܳƱɱ
̫ţͬʱҲȭ۷ۼܣȭͷӭϡ
תۼ䣬˵ȭͷײһ𣬾ֱһȦ˵͸Ⲩķ飬һµմѷ졣
ͬʱˣһ˳ȥʮԶͣ¡
ıûκα仯˫ͫϾֺ»ƣһѹصĸо
̫סΣ쿴ȥŭɻһʶѣȻκβˡ
һ̣Ŀⶨ˫ϣݣ˫ۡ
һʼֻŵϵӡȺ󼸴αԼղŵĳȭײûüϸϸĹ۲죬ֱʱǷ֣˫ȫǰһˣ˫ۣޱƽʥ궼¡
Ŀ̫ϣʱڸЩϣһƬĮ
ϣ
̫ɫһܲ·ڸһֻӰ㡣
޾£ޱƽʥΣȴȻһʼĺȸԵĵĮ
㣡
죬һƬɭ䣬ֱӶˣԦ۷弶ɱ졣
ϣ鵭Į˫Уֺһ
ˣ
ʮ𶯣ǰ̫ϣһɫи֣ûκλԵϢֻܸоޱߵĺ嫣·Խɡ
̫ϵ͵ͣͣɫֱӴ䣬ϳˣ㡭
ؼ޵ˣʱ򣬾Ȼʵʳ֣ңٻȻʾ쾹ܻ֮
Ҳʱת𶯣ϯһУɵء
̫Ͼ㤣ٺˣȻޱƽʥҲȥײ
ңʵˣƾۼо޴в
ٶȺܿ죬ת۱˳ȥԶ
ϣ鲻䣬ɵĮ΢˫еľֺɨؼӿʱµ۶ң۳ŷ
ŷл̫ϣȻ̫ٶȿ켫ɱһв
۵һĿѪɨգ̫ϵĴֱӱ顣

̫ϾŭʣµٰѪɿԶ޸
ȴǸ˿ᣬ˫кһ˳Ӹ֣նֱѹ̫ϣʹöԷʣµٰҲһ
ΪޱƽʥĹϴڣ̫Ȼǳǿ󣬲תۼ¾ۼŭĿ졣
ٴΣһΣһΣ

̫ȼһ߻͵Ϯ£˼񶾣뽫޿ڣһֱǵãԣһ˫ͫʱڵһʱ̫ˣҪ̫ն
Ŀ̫ϣ˫оֺתӾ˵֮Ի
¡¡ģ֮оʲôֲĲȴǳˣŴ綼˶һ˵ĺݻγɣգƺƵѹ̫ϡ
̫Ͼ㤣ɶݣͬʱޱƽʥܣǿӭϡ
ͣ
һ촫˺ѹֱӽ̫ϼ
漴˺˵û˿ı䣬ѹϡ
̫ϵͺ𣬴һһڵǿһ߳룬һߺѹˡ
ֻǣ̫ˣؼ޵һʵɵûԻʲôֲĻϢȴƻУѹǰһС
գ˺ѹ̫Ͻǰֱ֮û
ۣ
Ѫը̫ϻƺߣһαѹķ顣
һΣ̫δٴؾ۳Ӿŭ
̫ϣޱƽʥȴһʼĺһδشԷȻ˵ս
Ŀ̫ϣûκβĮᣬֱһ˹ȥ
ˣ
ȭ˫еľֺתʵʻ֮ӿסȭͷһ֮ľȭ⡣


1955 ʥ̫
˵ȭӿȣ֮ﾡ١
ңһȭӿƬأȫ֡
ֻʱȴǴ˵ˣΪ컽
𣡡
̫ϵͺ𣬳ۼĴӭϡ
Ȼۼȴסˣײȭʱ˲Ǳ١
ۣ
ȭһֱӽᴩؿһǰ͸Ѫ
ʺѪˮϣ̫ϾŭɭĶ죬ȴûͣתԶߡ
Ӳˡ
ĵһ˲޾Զ̫һȭѹ¡
ϣ
̫Ŀɭݣӭһȭѹܲˣò濹⡣
¡һޱƽʥεȫ۷弶ĵ֯޾ƣÿһƶǾǧӡϣϢˡ
ıûκα仯̨ӿȭƱøǿᡣ
¡¡ģ߽һ𣬸ķ
ͬʱԶ֮ǰ̫֮ϵĴ󻤷ʱ۳ΣһĻɫ䡣
⡭
˾ȻȻѹˣ
Ǹ࣬ܵ˵
˸𺧡
ͬһʱ䣬ƵڣһЩδǿҲǿһĻͬĲ˶ǲķ
䣡
ϯ˻ģԦˣ̫սһһδεĽ̫ɡ
򣡡
̫ϺХԼĵ߶ޣһʵѹ죬ϢǿҪﶼѹ
䵭˫оֺ΢иӿ֮۵ϣȭЯӿ֮ϻȭ໥ϡ
˵һһȭطֱ̮ĩս١

һ죬ǿһȭֱӽ̫ϼĵҵķ顣
һ̣˲ƶ̫ϽǰԼٶȭ
飡
̫Ϻɣը飬Ǳ
ıĮûκһ˿仯һٴγ̫ϱƹȥ
˻ϣȭһܼȭӰݺᣬһС
̫ڵһʱ䱻ȭӰûסķ顣
ֻǣɲ಻𣬷ǳǿ󣬴ŭɿ
˻ϣ˿ᣬٴαϡ
Ϊ˻
Զ̫ϵĴ󻤷˹ԼǿӲͬ乥졣
Į˫ͫУֺתضаķиĴ󻤷ϣͬһʱѹ˼ܣֱӽ˾С

ĿѪˮ䣬ĲҽдĴ󻤷ʵǿ۳ڣȴȫⲻУһ˲䱻ȫɣͬҲûӳ
ǣˣ
Ƶڣһʿ
һĴ󻤷Դ۳ھΪǿ󣬿ȴһ˲
ıûκα仯ĿǰѾؾ۳̫ϣһνǲҲһʩչһαϡ
ֻһ˲䣬̫Ͻǰ֮ȭ̫ϵĸ
۵һֱ̫飬Ѫʮ
࣡
Ѫ䶯֮겻ٴؾۡ
Դ˲⣬̫ϲ˿ͫ׵֮Ҳܼ򵥾ͻ̫ϣϾ˫۵ƿظƣ˵ĵӲƣܹĸо˫ۺ˾ţһëûܹͷųңǰΪҲŲۺˡ
ӿٴκ
¡¡ģܼ˺գ̫һһⴴϱĺɡ
ˣһһεش̫ϵϢ˥̫࣬ɭ죬˫в˾ɱϣƱģ
仰䣬һϵϢͻأʼǣǻɽ緢˰㣬һδγ嵽ߵ㣬һɹɱȵܣնڻ˴Ƭ
ϢǿᣬҲϱǣڶ̶󣬴ﵽһ˸߶ȡ
漴ϣʥ֯
ƱǰʥҪ
ɭʥ֯˰㣬ͨ廷ʥ⣬ƶʥѹ졣
۾ͷܾˣ߰ٶǰѾ̤ʥΪ֮ʥ㹻ȶǿһֱ۾ͷۣ߰ٶʥҩҩ̫ǿˣǰۼסò۾ͷֻۣѡʥ
Ҿʱƿʥ߰ٶĻȫһңȡʥȫȣʥ֮࣬ķʮʱȥ̣ʹɱȻŨ㡣


1956 ɳеĽ
ʥ̫֯ϣ˷Իƣ֮ǰˡ
ʥ˷·֮⣬ѹ
ӭʥ⣬овǱȴû˿仯ƮȻˡ
Ҫһʥˣ

һ̣˳ȥɣ˫Уֺһٶת
ʱƬؼ䣬ӿ˱øŨһ˳˳ʲϣɢױȵĺ嫣ʹŴΪ֮𶯡
Ŵ磬޾һʱ䱻ϢǱսս
ͬʱƬ磬ƹڣһ˫ڡ
ˣ࡭
Ƿ޾µĻʯڶݣ¶â
޾룬ʯ˿̵˫ۣӿˣԭӱø䡣
޵£ͫ١ܡ׷

䣡
ڣʥܷӿ˽֯ʮռһıѹ顣
̫Ͼŭʥ⻷ϣ뵽컹ܵǿˡ
һ̣Ǳɭɱӿ˺ǿΪ֧ŲãӲ˶ܣʥ֮£ֻ
¡һʥøӳңӿȣǿ˴Լʮ
ɱ
ȣԦʥƺƵĳѹȥҪﶼ
ĿĮ˫Уֺת˳ӷѹ̫ϵʥ⡣
ײռ䲻ϻ𣬾þԻָ
УưܵǱøưܣڵһʿȫ˴ѣһһըҽжǳʧ
Դˣû˿仯Ŀֻ̫ϣ֮ⷭ
̫ʱʥ磬Яʥսǵ۰Ե̬
ʶѣ֧˶ã

ʱ֮ﵽʥԿˣսƽ֡ǣΪߴܶ࣬Կ϶ܹ֧֮ʱԲ̫ãΪΪһУ㣬˽޷ٱǸʱ򣬱ѹĨɱ֮ʡ
֧ŵɱ㣬㹻ˡ
䵭ĻӦ
Ż䣬⽻֯ޱԭʼϢһĴ󸡳
ʲôҲֻʵĹԣһƬǣϢȴˡ
ȴһ̫ϵɫʵ磿㿪һƬʵġ𺳣ͻȻ뵽ʲôǿӣӣѾݱʵˣ
ˣ
󣬴ʣ֯ԭʼϢƥһĨĨ
ʥ򣬼˫ܹ˵ۣʥ˲˭ҲȲ㣡
̫ϣĮеʥӿݻĴ硣
䣬ٴζˣʥ֮ںϣʮ
飡
һ죬ֱ̫ӱɣڿѪʥһʱޱȻңƺʱɢ
ʥ̫ϣѪǸǿˣȻܾʹ˻

ŭĿ죬ոմﵽʥεĹϴڣٴѡߡ
ʥˣʱʥʵܵˣʱ֪һ㡣
ٶȺܿ죬ת۱޾Զ
߲ˣ
䣬ǲһ׷ȥֱӳڶԷ
ûκζֻɨ˻ӿʥĸԭʼ֮һһңл̫ϡ
̫Ͼ㤣ٽӡʥⷭݻʥӭϣŭĴ𣺡飡
ʥƺƵӭ˺ʥ֮
ȻȴǸˣһʱǱѹķ顣
ֱ̫ӱ˺ʥĻһУը鿪
йǣƮնǡ
ͬʱ΢˫Ѫˮ˳ʶ¡
ʾΪȻ֧˫ۣʱѾˡ
ձɱ㣡
Ȼʱ˼ޣȴҲܷսɱ̫ϡ
̫ϣ˼˫µѪˮһ˫оֺһӾ˵ٶתһݻ˳ӣʮȫ
ңʥһ֮ѹ̫ϻδꡣ
̫ϻûü۳Ǳ˳ӺʥûøңĳѺۣǴմɰ㣬ʱ١
ϣһգҪ
ŭ̫ϵѺۣȼһ˿Ϊѳɿ̧˺ѳһ޴ʥâڳ


1957 ʥ
ʣԽ֯о˵Ӷ
һʱϳͨδڴڼͨ·̫ʱʥ˺ͨ·Ȼط磬ʱܿһս
룡
䵭˫оֺ𶯣˷һʱ䳯ӿ
ӿƣɵ͵һǽ顣
̫Ͼŭӣתɶݣû뵽ˣֱӽ˺ͨ·ٵˡ
˫Ѫ߶Щģˣȴ˿Ҳ⣬̧ȱ׷ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬תۼ׷̫ϣһ˺գһС
ͬһʱ䣬ʥһ߶˶̫·
۵һһΣ̫ϱ飬ѪȾա
ѾʥΣϴȻǿ겻࣬ٴؾ۳һγԶɶݣһȴײһϣ˻
ʱ˺ʥȫܣǿһʥս
ƴˣ
̫ŭͨ帡ֳӿʥ棬ʥʩչ̫Ϸͨ
һʱ䣬ʥϢˡ
˫ѪҲѪʱԳԽ޵̬ۣˣԣȻкܴķɣʱѿˡ
ıȴûκα仯һƬ䣬ӿѹϡ
¡¡˽۷ײʥ⡢˺ʥʣһС
תۣʱȥ
ۣ
Ѫˮɽ̫ϱ飬ֻʣ²Ƶ꣬Ϣ˥˼㣬ŭߡ
ʱ򲻽۽ǺѪҲ鲼Ѻۣǿгˣѹ̫ˣɵĲᡣ
˵ˣ
̫϶ߣ
һ̣Ƭڣһ嫵˳Ӹʮʮֱӽ̫ϵС
ͬһʱ䣬ʥһѹ䣬ڹʣʲôҲûУȴǳ¡
̫ϸӾŭȫ߶
ֻǣʱѾȫס컽֮ʥ֮
¡¡ģ˺ʥһѹ䣬ʮضΪ̼֮ѹ̫ϵеֵ
飡
̫ŭ𣬼ǿ⣬˺ʥ
ȴûãʱ˺ʥ֮ҲǱ֮ǰǿࡣ
һǾɱ

գ̫Ͼڷһʵ˻ѹķ顣
ʹˣ
ͬʱӿѪˮʥصڣ֮ɢ˫ָԭ˵ľʹ
Ѫ΢΢ϢҲǲסҡΣʱ׹䡣
ȻˣȴЦˡ
̫ϣնˡ
ǰ£ˡ
ˣ
ʱһʥͻأ쵽㣬˲佫֡
ɫһ̣ǶݣΪӿʥԲûдŹԣڰˡ
̧ͷ˳ʥԳķȻƹȡ
£˶٣ֱնУûȥñƹ֮ڡ
ƹȣһƳϡ
лǰ
ƽǰԷһ
Էǵʥ̫ˣֻһ˲κ˷ܵˡ
ҡͷʾ⣬漴ڵ˫ۣԣ̫ûбҪڴﵽ׾ǰҪʹãʹùȣܻٵԼ
ͷԴͬУ֮ǰʹ˫۲ãǾ͵ˣǿ֧ţȻĨɱ̫ϣԼҲ˲ķɡ
оǿ֧˫ȥˣаӣԼܾͻ
һ㣬£ЦʵϣҪǿʹãҲˣû취ڲС
ղţһ£˫ۣȴȫûκθо
ΪﵽһʱһЩĴ̼ʱȻٻѪ֮ڡ
Ƶǵһμ˫ۣ֪˫۾ʲôۣϾʵǿᣬҴޱȾԶʶ㣬ܹණ
ͷѯʣǰƣɺЩ
ԭѯƵڽС̫ľѪǷЩˣ˵ֹסĿ⣬ʱԼо˼ɰʥ
ǡ
⼸ʥܾˣΪҪǣ⼸ʥӵϢϤ
ͬʱԱߣ̧ͷ䣬Ҳ⡣
ͰǾˣѳʥһа˵ˣǳʱˡ⣬˵ӱø䣬ʥŮǸСһȥˣ


1958 ߵ
ӿʥ⴫ƺƵǿʢƥƽиӦ
ƿŴ֮⣬䣬Ŀ죺ƺƿ˷Ǿе
ǣԵɺ֮£ȫõˣС
û
ƵĿϣԵø䣬·ںڶûһС
ûϤϢ񡣡գЩʧֵǾ˵ǵȻʱֻ۳ڼƷҲ۲Σ侫Ȳ׼ĹžǷǸСǷǷͨ켶ĹžĲ򡣡
춯ݣȻһֱ֪Ǿ˵ǳˣҲû뵽ǰλʯĴڻǰߵۣӡͨž
ǰƺǺϤ
˶٣ʵ
ǰɡûսסһʱ䡣
һǰλս
ǣ
̲סʵ
ʮܡƱƽԼİܼûʲô˼ʵϣ棬ᱲŲһУֻΪ˲ᱲ̫ܵѿ
첻ɵö£ǰλǳӣϵ񻰴˵еĴڣȴȫ֣һжŲʹȻܶ˵̲סļ£һ¡
λôǿ
ĿЩ˸
ûڵǸ֪ζʲôѹ졣
̾
֪ܿ£ƵĻһεĲ
¡
Ŵ⣬ʥӾˡ
ΪʵԭǸӦŴʥܸ֮оȫ˿̴ƹڣƲµʮʥ󣬴ʮʥУ̽ѰķΧ޹㣬ܸ֪֮¡
ǰǾλǰǰ͵˵սΪʲô
ƣԴһֱܺ档
ƵЩ䣺ˣֻǱ½ļѣΪһȣеɱӺԼԲӣһǼ
һ㣬СйءᵽСӣ޾µĻʯӱЩɵ̾ϢǸСһ˵ţĿϣӸ䣬ȴҡͷ񡣡
¡
ʥӿŴƵøӾˣʥԻ
Ÿյ֪Щ˺͵սԭʱо⼸ʥǲɵöݣ⼸ʥͬϤϢȻǵ졢а桢תʥˣʱٲȻʥΡ
ı䲻ʲôǼСһȻԶûǼСԶȴǼСܹȵˣһʥʤֱѶ
ƿ⣬ûʲô仯
촦ƲʮʥӦŴսоâŨȴʱʱüΪֻܸӦϢκεĻ档
ƿһۣȻ֪Ϊü˶ٺֶʩչͨƹڵΪԻ˺ͻ˵ļս
쵱ݣǰλȻֶͨ죬ܽսǰ
ƵлȻǰλΪԳս档
һ죬磬ƳֵĻۿ˺͵˵ļսͼݺᣬ޾ƽܼ֯ʣˡ
һսʱͬԣʥһʮˣȻҲʥȴǶ֣ȫɱ
졢а桢תʥͻն̫Ϻڤˡ

ڤ¸ɱ̫ϱĨɱа˱նˣ֮£˵е죬ȫĨûһʣ¡
ңһЩ߲㣬Ҳûܹϵˣȫն
տⳡսʶ˷˵ǿ󣬸ֱõĳ뻯ʹеļžһʶ
ֳ̧֣սʧ죬˫ۣһԾ֮£ΪҲѹǼСһеκһˡ죬ߵۣʸ£
˵ţֿڣضĴսᱲỳɣصҵһˣռһսʱ˫ۣ;Իս֮һ


1959 ֮ͥ
ƵĻ춯ݣһƶۣû뵽λʯĴڣϿɳ̶ȻǰߣȻʸ£
˭ǿǴؼĴ棡
ȥ⣬Ҫһ仰
δĴս
̲סʵ
Ĵսֻ֣ȴκĲ
ĴսԻǣأԻܵ޴Ӱ졣
Ƶͷû˵ֻ̫࣬ʱʱԻʱֱú䡣
֮Ҫ
Եú档
֪
ͷ
ʱƹȣһͣգ˸£ȥ
뿪ƹȺ󣬲ãʮǣصͥڡ
Сӣ⼸ȥˣʲôˣУ˫ۣô£
Ÿջصͥ׻ͳ˹һ׷ʸ⣬ҪĻΧ˫ۡ
ǰ˫۴ǵĳʵ̫޴ˡ
Ͼ鶼죬ǰʹù˫ۣȴ֪ʲôۣԴҲûжʣٴμ˫ۣºȻǸ档
ʲôͫͫӣ
˫ֱʱԡ
ͰҲʱǿ
ЦЦ̯̯֣Ҳ֪
û˫ۣȫ˽⡣
ȻԼ֪
׻졣
֪
ҡͷ
ʹЩ⡣
ǵȥˣʲôȥˣ
ʵ
쿴һԺܰ£Цȥ˸ǰ͵Ϯ׵Ļˡ
˭
ɵۣ֮£˸͵Ϯףͨ쵨ˣ
С̫Ƕݡ
ȥ̫ϸˣ
ԾȻ֪ᵽǰ͵Ϯµ˭̫ϡ
̫ϣǿͷĴڣ֮ǰŸոմﵽڣȻն̫ϣ̫ϣˣ
°վһԣҲõе˭˿˿΢⻮
նˡͷ˫ۣͦġ
򵥽Լնɱ̫ϵĹ̽£Ҳȫµ
һʱ䣬ٴδ󾪡
㡭ڵΪնɱ˿ʥε̫ϣ
ô
ȵ¹ˣ
ڵʥ֮Ǹ󾳽簡쾹Ȼ󾳽罫ʥ̫ϸնˣʵڲòһ𺳣Ϊ֮һ
ǵ̫ˣ
ɱĸ첲ܿģϾŮϣԼĸ׺ǿ
Ψʼպܰûʲôɫ
Ϊһ¶Ծ
죬Щˣȫˣ
ǾˣȫʥΣ
ͻȣ˵֮µľԴҲ֪£꽫˱ƵıתȴǱն˸ɾⲻò˵һܾ˵¡
ȻǶҲǼϲ£ϾǼ˶ǶҲǵˡ
ʱúܿ죬һ죬ת۱ҹ
һ˽£ͥɵڱչأոݻʵ磬ΪﵽڣҪúõĹһȹ̵
չغķ˴°£ʱɵ߳񳹵ȹ̡
ңʱӻʥ򣬻˽һЩ
ҪɳҪԽԽ⣬ɳԽ졣

֮ͷ񷡣
Ȼܶ࣬ȥʥ򼫿ĳɳ
ԭʹȥ֮󣬸ȥˡ
лһĨâͥ
磬ѾҪȥȥǰҪ㹻ʱºͼǣͬʱҲóʱ佫ͥһ
֮ʱĺܿ죬ʱ˼ˣǿգ֮࣬ϰˣԴͥ£ͥĻǿոڸط֧ͥڶ̶ؼΪһС
ͥ
˵һǰйϵȥͥ˿ԷʱĮۡ߸ϣƺôһѸ͵´Уʱȴڲ亹
£
ǧȷ
⡭
£ͥòгԽ۾Ĵڰɣ
ĸ䣬Ĵ磬ʿͥ˶ļ¡
ǿ磬Щʿۣͥȴû⣬ֻЦһЦ
ͥ²úȷʵйϵǰûдʲô⣬ʱǡ±ŵͥȥǡ鷳ǵɨ˶Էһۣô򵥵һֱۣӽԷŵİ


1960 ս
ǿ磬Ͱڶʱһһε׳ͥͥڵʿڶʱʮϵսΪ첢涨ͥĵڹžʲôֻҪͥ㶼ʥž
ʥžǿɲǿЦģһʿʱʮսΣȻۼǿߣʥžҲǻۺĽ
ȻΪÿһͥӶʥžκƣԣͥڵӵɸѡϣȻȻޱϸ񣬶ԺƷµҪǳÿһɸѡͥӣǿ߳ԸֶοµӵƷԡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ʵЩ࣬ΪԹн翴صֻʣɵĿҲֻǿʺ츳ȣ츳ʺãȻƷһЩҲ⣬Ϊн磬ǿһС
Ȼ촴ͥ뷨ȴǺнȫһûʲôϵֻҪŬһܱǿͨŬͨķδԽҲǲܣȫʵ֡
ƷԲˣȻ죬Ҳмһˣˣ˵һͻᱳţͬ𻯵ŵҰҺ͹Ž㣬ʾˣƷԲѣһʦ棬һͶС
ǿոĴߣ׳ͥУҲȥ˽ͰˮˮһЩˣͳ˲׵䱦
ʱһΣ¹ȥһ죬һǿУڣһͨϤСɽҵһͷѩǡ
Ϊ֮ͥ룬ΪҵĻսδ֮ͥڣֻҵǲԸ⣿
ͷѩǵ
ֻ꣬Ϊ˾ԼŮ׵ġ뿴ǧʱķ羰ǾпͷѩĬĬǧԱʮ꣬ȴ컨ΪпȼձԴҲǧŮĹǰ
ʵϣʱŮѾȥ޷ɾˣͷѩڵȴǰˣȼձԴƴԼǰˣ£ж飬ӵϵļֵѩǳΪĻս
ѩͨԡԣ񾳣죬ɽµС壬˵ͷ
쵱д룬ûɻرܡ
С壬һ֪ͨŹϵͥԱйעػ֮Ҳʱѩǵ߰ɣȥ򡣡
֪δĴսǰǰʼΪδһЩ򵥵׼Ҫ׳ʵӭһս
ʱţһһͷȥתۼꡣ
䣬֧ͥ鲼ǿպµ磬ٲȻѾΪ֮µһУȻǰеһЩҲɵΪй۵ͥƱ˵©˳ȥļ¡
ܽһ˶Ǵˣʵжֲǿ߿Գ۲ˣ
ʵϣµΪȻǴڰ벽ʾʵȴȷԽۣȻʥҲԶԶ޷ȣ׵ѹ
תۣһȥͥʵøӵǿᡣ
ȥ
һ죬졣
һ㶣ɶ
½ȥ
ЩŹ֣ҲûʲôԼŮܿɽ
ɽϣһĺͦΣݱء
ɽգһ߲磬Ư
ͬ߳ˣ˸оʵʮ񻨷·ֻġ
ܰû˵ʲôºʶܿûʶ
űʶ쵱ݡ
¼Ϊһڱʶ˲ںϣתıԴԣɲǼʹľ͸ʵʮ
һ̣оԼıԴڶ·Ϊɡ
£ǣ
ݡ
ºǧѩƮ˿˿ԡ
һȹǧѩһʱƮ·ʱճƮöΪ֮𶯣ʥ
ֻоһڵڱıԴٱתۼʹľȸʵٴǿ˰ٱ
⡭
𺳡
̶һ˲䣬ʱرµĵ֮£оֻھû˫ۺӻʥҲԺۼǿһսˣȻɱҲп
ģڵı𶯣ʹԴԣֱ¹ȥʮ²ͣѣֱɢȥ
ͬʱ챻ǿսʼٵĽͣڵڱҲͣʱʵܿǻָˮƽ


1961 ֻضɽ
£⵽ǣ
Щסˡ
´ʶеıתս˲Ϣʮ󣬵ʱǵȵڱϣѸٵӣʹʵֱٱ𺳡ٱٱʵʲôĿ
ȻɻۻʽʱʱҲʮսǸʱȴǺڲͬʱϾСڵѾʸ߶ȣϣ»ʹʵٱĿ£
ңΪҪǣ֣ת´ڱʱѵʱԴ𶯣ֻܿı
оΣ
µᡣ
Ȼãܺã쵱ͷ׷ʣ⵽ô£
֪´ʶеıֻرԴɣתʮս֮ĵֻرԴɣһʼʶеıԼֻرԴ໥ϣٴʮս
ۻǰٱս
㡭£һʱ뵽ЩʲôЩ꣬һֱͣڰ벽ʣΪݻ
ɽٺ࣬һαһμѣԿصʮսЩȹԺ١ٱսδܸıܶ¡ûлش⣬ŵֻرԴӵ޾Ǳܣ׼ƻһУػС
һᣬûش⣬ȴĸоĲ²ȷģЩûѡͻƵ߲ΣڵֻرԴΪɵӦԺ٣ȫΪ
лл㣬ˡ
ǰµ֣ᵽֻرԴжǿȫ⡣
ˣ治֪αԼ飬ȻҲȫֵˡ
֣û¶ߵı飬ֻǾϸЦǼˡ
дҲ¶Ц
ԶԶļˣ
µֵ
ˣ򵥵֣̫ĶѾܹ˵
һ죬ɽ´ıô
֪˸࣬ΪڱɹȥֻرԴݴԣֻоֻ߱رԴԼһֱɹȥֻرԴʹá֮£Ҫȶµôܶ࣬ΪֻرԴΪûͬǰֻرԴ
ͬʱһƣͬһͬʱתҲ˵¶һתһڱʱͲͬʱȥʩչڶʩչڶʱͲͬʱȥתһڱҪڱЧӵһϣֻһתһڱһʩչڶ˷С
ֻضֻضɽ
һǧʱ䴴ڱȴδ¶죬춨
漴ɵøп½ֻǽɹȥֻرԴǴôϱʵ澪޵˼㣬ļֵ̫ˡ
Ȼ뵽һ£ԼѾ޵ʾˣһֱ˵ǲԼҲôˣԼĶе
Ͼ˵ȻǿҲվǱ˵ģҪԽǰˣؼǿ֣֮ǱôԼĹ
ʱüǾ˵ܾһʱ䣬ͬʱԼֻرԴʥʥ죬ǸʱٿԼĹžʱá
ô
ǵͷǾô죬ﵽʥٿԼ
Ȼô˵ˣȻѡɵһ㡣
һʱ䣬һֱɽϰֻضֻضɽʹüڱƿԽԽ죬һºѾת
һºҲһ죬ɽһһ²ټͣڰ벽ʾʼͻˣһʱڣһһεĽߵĲΣʥһͣɽ͵ʥԻơ
ͬʱɽ·ԳһƬأԼ˸е˹֮

Ц
Ѿֻضֻضɽ͸һ³ء
һϮ£޶ˣЦ
ѽ
С̫ģ˹ȥ¼ͷǵĲ˲µա
׺ǿʥǶ֣
˫۷һĳݡ
ͰҲطΪϢ̫ǿˡ
³һһЦͷɽϣΪ裬硣
һգܿȥ
գ¡ɺͼŮ뿪ɽǿи
Ƶʮ֮Լ쵽ˣٹãǰ磬Щʱźͼ˶ȹ


1962 Խ
ǿպ嫣鲼ǣǳһЩܴ󣬲濴ȴ
µ߹һſŵĴǣйһƬƬĴ磬ɾһۣһʱȥ
ˡ
һһ죬
һʱûκ£ÿһնǣһ죬׼뿪ȥˡ
δĴսҪ̵ʱڱǿԺб˺ѵͬʱʥҪɳĻڣȻʣң񽣵Ľ񻹲룬ãڣĽƬڡ
һ죬¸֪µˣ׼һ뿪ȥơ
ȫһ
¿ڣܼ򵥡
Ҳ̿ڣݺ²ࡣ
ǲһͬǰʮ»ԴУ֮ٴǰĹ
´УĹǵΪԲ¡
֪
ͷ
ϾҪֱˣ֪Ҫ뿪ãаı
ƤĵƵǰǰ󽫼ꡢŮҲһǰ
캹գȥһǰȥһεⱦŮڵǱѧ˲ٶԽĹ龫ˡ
¡ѩҹˣǰһһӵ¼ŮӣĿϣ߾ͽˡ
ʵϣ뿪ʮ򣬶İȫ⣬ܷģʥƿֻضʵۻһ𣬷ǳ£ڣһʥ鷳Ҳֵʲôˡ
û˵ʲôֻͷ
ҪŮҪ£һҪȫȫģ
§Ĳӵ
ԭһȥģֻ²ãԼ߼¶ԵǰҪ
һ
ЦɵԴ
ˣ󱧱
ϾЦĵƮ˹
ҲҪ
Ϧ˹
ֳˣأ
գ۾
첻ɵЦһһӵ¡
ٴκµ˵Ů漴뿪
С̫ȻһͬʱһĻаӢۡơ׻桢ѩǣǶǰ磬ҪƬǿ
һٶȺܿ죬ֻһ۱ǿУ˺ѷ죬úŴ磬ֱƹڡ
ǰˡһ˽ڣܿǼƣΪƽܰˣЩĻ飬һǰ磬𣿡
Ƶͷ˽һȺ˽磬ûʲô
ң˰˵Ĳ֮δĳɾ;͡
лʵǰҪʲô£
ᱲһ־һصڣȥĵᱲһ½磬ᱲڡƿڣڣС̫죬ȻȻҲĻ顣˵ţݸһ񣺡һЩɱĵƣṥǡ
ӹЩݣǰλȻԼһꣿңƺԼһһصڣҪ濪ĵƲͷš
ǰڽ
ʵ
ƵͷΪʵһѡ˵ţӱ䣺ˣʵֻ۷ʱһ룬Ǽܽᱲ˵ء
λʯĴںʲôǿߵ̬˳۲˳ĵˣУһɶǹ
ԭ
аԵͷһǰλ˵ǿĻʯΪα˵ǰأΪƹȳǰҲȥԼ£ԭ¹ؼһ꣬ȷʵýһܹţ
лǰΣһУ
֤
ԷȻһʼΪС̫ѡվڣԷֱӽһ꽻УöԵԷΡ
ᱲ㡣Ƶͷ漴̧֣һ齻֯޾Ƶıֶ֮ݸ죺Խ㲻׾Ҳܿع򣬴صƬ
ܾˣһƬ嫵Ĵ˵еĴ磬ŷǳ˵ع򣬲ﵽ׾εˣͻƲعƣ޷½һЩӴڣһϵе׼Ҳֻ½硣ƵʵԶԶ׾ǿֶΣһڱܿعȻѡ


ʮ߾ 


1963 
нӹԽ¶âƾöԽ֮ʱԴƬõǿعơ
лǰ
ƵԽСպá
Ƶͷ΢̼ƿգ￪ٳһ
һʱ䣬Ũڽ֯ԻƣһøС
¶ϢǵһθоǴ紫
ǣͨ·
ͨ·ǡ
Ͱ׻Щ
ԱߣǶžâǶԣһ嫵̨Ҳǵһսǽȥĥ¼߲Ρ
ȥɣСġ
ƿ쿪ڵ
ͷ񣺡һͳǰһꡣ
ܹõǰλʯһع󣬱ضܵƸĻָָܿ۷״̬ңпܱñ۷ʱǿ
漴Ƭ½磬ֱС
ವһһ˲ѣǱû
ŻΪ֮ʧ
ٵͫӻʥܳɳʲô߶ȣ
뿪ĵطƵн֯һƾâһЩڴ

ڣֹâƣá
Ͱһ˾УԵúСģ漴֪ȥõʱпռ֯һ˳ȥ
ʵʵϣȥĿɽʣҲ֪жߣԶԿһӿɺӣ·Թų棬ˮϽ֯еԡ
ΪҪǣ̫֯ھˣȻȻƮڿУʹһ˵ë׶ɵչ˿¿Ʈŵ
ǡ磿
΢
Ծˣ
׻˫ֱŹ⣬ޱȼ
漸Ŀ¶âķ
硣

˾˵ɽǰӿɺӣԼ֯ĳƬƬĻܰ磬
ңǱǴ˺ѿͨ·룬ڵĵطǻ硣
໣
𣡡
ɽܣ޺𳤿գӵﵽڲε춼оľ
һվһɽǴܣһʮȥ
ֿȥ
ȥߡ
Ϸ
ǰصطųһ꣬ɱ󣬵ƸȥﲢʲôΣգ˲ģʱ̿ڣ뵱һνǿʱǰ㣬ԷɢȥսԼ֮ĥ¼
ȻѡԷɢȥսģֻаӢۡơѩǡͺС̫϶Ҫģͬ㣬һǺͬС
үҲСһߣС
׻ûϢĺЦ
ͷŰӢۡơѩǡͺƬ֪ǻƬá󣬿ľ޴ɽ֮ÿʮʱ䣬ɽھһΣҪƬңҪ½عʱһ
ʮͨ˶̫Զεʿԣĺ̡ܶ
ͷӢԣ̵ͷ
ѩǿ죬һӣĲأʮ󣬲õ¡񣺡ɵ۴ˣСģ԰ȫΪһλ
һЩǴĹѰõıİ£Ҳﵽ߶ȣһǰ磬
񣬵λŮײˣŮһֱػŵС壬ͥĳԱڰػڣ壬ΪĻսȥΪ˲軤սݣҪϱǿϳԽҡ
á쿴ѩǣ˵ģһ԰ȫΪһλ
һ죬Ͱѩǵ˷ֱĿŰͬ
һۣʮȥͷӢ۵ˣʧҰ֮С
Сӣȥģ
׻ʵʱСһûһ԰ɫƮһԡ
С̫ԣҲ졣
ͬУһֱΪĹǡ
ȥصأǰһų

صصľλãȻи£Ƶľλãѭһ̶ķ򣬳ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ûñгȥԶɽ˦
䣡
ʱǰԶһΰɽȺڣһ˵Ĺ𣬼Ũ߲ԣ񷶼Ⱦһ߲ʹ
ǣ
Ųһͣݡ


1964 ͨ޺
Գ߲⣬쵱ݡ
ͬʱһС̫Ͱ׻Ҳ¶ɫ
Сӣ⡭
ۿ죬߲ȻİѾܶˣһֱѰҵĽƬɢֹâ
Ȼоâ˸ʱǵ߲ʹԻʶе񽣵һʱ΢һ߲ͬʹ⻪ڵʶӡ
ʣǷµĽƬ
־ϲ뵽Ÿս磬ͷ½Ƭټ
һߣ
ԭǴһʱȥڵصأƾڵһųȴû뵽ʱȻطµĽƬ
ˣʱıг̣ȽĽƬȡȻȥصء
кС̫Ͱ׻ٶȺܿ죬ֱĳŹĵطȥ
֮󣬴¹ȥʮһһƬɽȺ⡣
ȥɽȺԵ÷ǳΰÿһɽǸ߲֪ΣͷԿĵˣаɽϲ·һ㣬һִϵĸо
طʱܣһƿһһӰӸͬķɢľǺܾˣ񾳲Ρ
ңһ޿ʮʼǿߣԼʮ벽ۼǿߡ
ҪǣЩʺͰ벽ۣŮߡ
ǡ
Ͱ׻𺳡
ʼͰ벽ۼǿߣ½缸ȴһȺ
ҲɵöݣҲһ˲ѣܿǲˡ
Ϊ磬Ƭڣе̶̫ܳˣеŨҲ֪ǿ˶٣ҲϡңĿлȻȻϣĻУʵ̫ˣΪ½ԣҲ֪ɼ˶ٱ
ңЩ겢ͨнνǵ꣬ǰнġǧ¶Ϊꡱ׼ڼǵʵ䣬ɢģϢڰ˰굽ǧ֮䡣
ǣȥĵط

߲ʹľλã֮ǰĺʱкС̫Ͱ׻ֱӳǸλóȥ
ͬʱܣϣʿ
߲⣬˫ǳرɢߣһҪõ
ôˣôȡ
ȡڳرҲض׵䣬һջ񣡡
⵹ǡ
ϻϽߣ
неһȺۣɿɽȺȥ
졢С̫Լ׻һٶȺܿ죬ת۱ǳɽȺв
𣡡
ɽ޺죬ʮɸߵܳտŵɺ죬ץ졣
һצץ죬طһ쫷磬ľķ飬·ɽ
۷ˣ
׻ݣٴΪһɽڵ޾ȲΡ
ûô⣬ڣһͷ۷޶ʲôҲ㲻ϡ
̧֣˦һƣһķɳȥʮԶˤڵϺҲû
֮ĽŲûʲô仯֮ǰ߲ʹĵطȥ
ܿ죬С̫Ͱ׻һαǿȥǧɵľ롣
ಣ
ʱƿһѪźŨɷٶȺܿ졣
оһɺֱͷ­ǳһ˹㣬ֱӷ֣ϸһ˿˿ԣȥ
飡
һ죬ƺѪһ𣬽Ѫĺɣײһľϡ
˲䣬ľ飬Ѫס¶̬ȻһֻҸߵѪëͷһֻ΢ɼĶǣϽ֯һƵ䣬ǳ졣
֨
Ѫ죬ޱȼһźԵú
΢΢ݣղһȻȴҲԲСԽһͨʳķ飬ֻѪڳһƺ󣬾Ȼȫû¡
һֻ̣ѪǶݣһ¶һ˿ɫ
Ѫëǡͨ޺
ͻȻϳֻѪǺε࣬һƵĹżϿʥһ֣Ȼ
Ǳ½Ĺżϼأͨ޺Ѫǳ£Ƕֻǣ̼µܣΪƻ
½ĳֹһֻͨ޺ɱüǿߣѪңʮƴźľΪŽɱǲúΪΪľʮҲܿǶȥ
ͨ½ֻôһΣ˵֮˼û뵽Ÿս磬ͼ½紫˵еʥ顣
ôˣ
ͻȻһĮ𣬼Ϊ׵һ˿ͨ޺


1965 ѹ
һϮǳΪǿᣬڰ벽۲Ρ
ԱߣһΪȻȲ꣬ҲףǴʾڣֱһۺͺۣȥĹϵ
ŵΤѾڶΪһεĻҲ
طŲʿ꣬˶Ƕݡ
ƬʵˣҲ֪꣬ʥ˼ǿ
طʿ඼ɵɢޣŻʥ˼ǿĴδļ̳ߣȻǱ΢䡣
֨֨
ͨ޺ʱͷ֨֨ĽУһֺ
طһʿǶݣϳ顣
ͨ޺
ʥ飬ȻɳȥҲܴﵽʥȻֻʥ飡
ǻһļ̳ˣ
ͷͨǳԾĽ
Ҳܳɳʥʥ飬ߣʵ̫ˡ
ɨͨ޺Լ꣬û˵ʲôк뿪
ƬΰɽȺµĽƬÿЩҵȻȥصء
֨
ͨ޺ֽУſһ⣬졣
ٶȺܿ죬ܿ·ĵϣֱըһƬر
ۣ£
С̫ˣġ
֨
ͨ޺վͷצָ죬ֽ֨֨С
ŶζԵɨ죺Ǿͳ԰ɡ
⻰һܣһ˶Ƕݡ
ˣ
ʿļ£˲ĺ˼±ͨ޺ϡ
֨
ͨ޺ֽУס죬¶ı飬ವĻѪ졣
һطһѪ⣬к˵ĺ⽻֯طһʿǲһʵȺЩڿ¡
תۼ䣬ͨ޺ֱӱƵǰ
ɫֱ̧֣һĳ
һΣ֮ǰһƼ˼
飡
һƺߣͨ޺ﱻķɣңһΣ嶼ѿˣѪˮ
⡭
һƣͷͨ޺
ǿһͷʥ鰡
ʿ𺳣Ƕܸоǰֻͨ޺ǿ˺۷ʣȴȻһƾͱĺɣѺۣѪˮ
ӵĮ죬һĨâ
ͨ޺ΪУ㱻˸һƳɣ档
ĪҪϷ棬츳ֱͨ˽
Į
ƶĿ⣬ˣɫ
ͨ޺ΪУȴͨ޺ɱʳѪ⣬Ǵߴͨ޺Щɱɱ⡣
ӭĻɫһô˵
ǻһƬûм˲֮ɵ˶СĶһСˣȴ֮˵Ҵźڵɱ⣬Ŀñ
Ҷӻӣҵúú˵

Сӣ˳ŸԼĨڡԱ߿ڣүҪôӻӣֱһצ
ֽ
׻Ϊͬ
ܣһԣǲɵõۡǻһǰȻ輰ԷЩ˿ֱ̫ˣ졣
ɫ¶ɱ⣬ͨ޺ɱǣ
֨
ͨ޺Уʱٴγ죬üĴĶѪâһѪɫһѪɫĹˣ˳㳯ѹȥҽԱߵ׻С̫ҲһУʹն͵ı
ͨ޺츳ͨӵмµƻʥܹᴩ𡣡
ܣһʿļ£뿪ĸԶЩ±Ѫâ˸Ⱦϡ
תۼ䣬Ѫɱֱ䵽ǰ˵ѪϢ
䵭ֱ̧֣һƳ
ֱӴͨ޺Ѫ˳һͨ޺ϣһ֮ٴγɣһѽ֮ץС
ѪΪͨ޺츳ͨǲΪֻȻá
ץͨ޺΢һʱʹͨ޺ɵ÷ҽС
⡭
ܣһʿɫٱ䣬ǿͨ޺츳ͨûһãô򵥾ͱѹˣץС
֨֨
ͨ޺ȴһĲҽУ¶˾֮ɫ֨֨УٲȻԷȡ
ҲΪһĻݣҲû뵽ͨ޺㱻ѹ
ɫԽӵ䣬캮ſ


1966 
ͨ޺䵭Ŀ꣬ץͨ޺ּ
ͨ޺ʹǲҽͬʱϵĶǱѪâͼѿĽ
ȻȴһҲûУӿֱӽЩѪâ顣
֨֨
ҽУѪëը¶Ũľ֣ٴγȡ
ſ
Աߣͺ꿪ڣȳ졣
ǰһܷӿ벽ۼϢֱƵ
ҷſ
죬Լ˼֣кڵɱӿһʱʹطе¶ȼ罵ͣĸĲʿԲɵô˸
쿴ˣӭ˽֯ǿϢжɱ⣬⡣
ͨ޺һתɫһʱ佻֯۳ɫ򣬽ͨ޺֣ɫ⹥
֨
ͨ޺﷢ĲҽУǾ֣ȴá
һ̣۵һںɫ£ֱըҲһ
ʱ䣬ʿɫǾ䣬һЩ̲סһ£ǿͨ޺һͷҲܳɳΪʥʥ飬ôֱӸɱˡ
ͨ޺ﰡδҲܴﵽʥΣôɱˣ̫ϧˡ
һЩ˵ͨ޺ﲻԼʱҲǲɵøоʹ
ôһͷʥ飬ɳʮ־ˣȴ㱻ɱ˳ɳ·ϡ
ͬʱҲвʿĿϣʵ
ͨ޺ȻδɳҲԱȼ۷ʣȴ
ˡǿ
гԾ
ľûгãЩ˱ļ£ͨ޺ΤһεĻУΤʵǿڰ벽۾֮½޵УȴǵŶԷɱͨ޺
䣡
Ŀӿ벽ۼϢ˵ɱ⣬ľϰ˻ġ
Τŭ˫۶Щˣͨ޺ʥ飬δҲܳɳʥڵŶԣǳ󣬵ҲǺķ˼Ĵ۲Žճ̫ǿͷͨ޺շδΪŵĻʥޣδǿĵ̣Ϊһʱͨ޺ｻͨ޺ţȴ㱻ɱˡ
ǶԣڵŶԣԹľ޴ʧ
Ҫ
ŭͨ彻֯벽ۼɱ⣬ֱӻӶƣ̵졣
ӿХ֮⣬ʴ죬Ȼо綾
䵭ʱҲˣһʧһ̳ڶԷǰּӺɫ磬ֱһƳ
ž
ٶȺܿ죬һȵΤϣƬʺѪˮ
ΤɣһײڼԶһɫʯϣʯķ顣
⡭
һĻһɫ䡣
Τǰ벽۰¼޵УȴһƸˡ
͸úݺݵȶ⡣
ЦһĻ˿ҲԾΪֻ壬ڣʵԸһ벽ĺһ˿Ѷȡ
ԶΤסվ϶ʺָӡ
Ҵ
죬֮ͬǰͨ޺ޱɱͨ޺㵱˵һ⣬еɱŨ㡣
ɱ㣡
ͨ屬ҵ⣬һƬƬ񽣣ʹܵĿ·Ҫȼһ㣬ط¶ȶʱԼΰʽʼ
Ͻص죬һ֯Ļȫն졣
Ľʣ
鵭ĮӭźƺƵѹĻ񽣣һ콣תһ콣Իһ꣬ӭųĻ񽣱ֱȥ
߽棬Ĵһ񽣱콣â˲ȫ顣
漴콣âĹû˿仯Τ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһʱ佦䣬Τûܱܿתۼ䱻̳ѡ
ܣһʿһ𺳣벽ۼΤȻȫǶ֡
УһЩʿ֮࣬ƺ뵽ʲôǱɫ
ղżЩâƺƺ˼ǰǾŸеһʩչĽ
һ¶ݡ
˵ĻطһЩʿ΢ҲǱɫ
áĺ񣡡
ûһģһ
ǾŸˣѡѵĳֹϵ
ЩʿĿʱȫϡ


1967 ͥ
ΪǿᣬȻһʿۣݡ
ʩչ콣˿̱Щʿ˳Ȼ֮ͼǰľŸеһʩչĽǳⲻòһЩ뷨
Ǿˣѵǰˣ
ԱߣС̫Ͱ׻ȻҲЩ¶ɫ
񣬷ǾŸеһʩչĽǾŸ˾зǳܵĹϵ

ΤһĻͺ꿪ڣ죬Ҳ¶ɫ
Ҳʱ¡һ죬Զ콣â̴ѵΤ۳죬ŭ־
ŭǣݵĽ£αˣǣҲϳʩչĽǺͼǰǾŸеһʩչĽһģһ
ͥ׷ͬӦǸ˵ĵӣʱԲˣѹ͵ͥ
ʱ죬ɱտտâƺһڱء
ͨ޺ﱻɱʧǳ󣬵û뵽ǣ쾹Ȼͥ׷һԺǾŸѲ˵ĹϵֻҪѹ͵ͥǴһͥͣΪͥ׷ǾŸʱֱͣѹǾȥͥ켶žһѹǾнܹϵ͵ͥ׼žһͨ޺ļֵˡ
ĻǱɫ
ͥ
й񻰴˵ͥΪؼǿͳδУԦ£ڣȻͥڣ
¡
ʱӿ棬Τڳһӡ֯޾ơ
űӡһһۼѹһʱɢǳŨ
Ȼһ۱
ɱҺ̾ڣԶһʱˣȻҲܿǿɵõ׼žһǵȽ򣬻淢ֲǾŸйأֱӾͽһڴ󱦲ظˡ
죬ΤЦΪͨ޺ﱻɱľŭʱȫɢȥˣΪѹ͵ͥõһ׼žʹδ·߳Զңһ׹žŶԣôҲԶͨ޺
򣡡
ڣӡһƺƵĳѹ£֮վŤ
ӭűӡҪıȴû˿仯ģֻС֣ͥԼǾŸˣǰˣ˿̶·ǳ⡣
ĿΤϣʲôҲûУһڳ֯ģΪһ۷弶ۼɱɱϢˣ
񽣣ĳĹеõ˿̣ڽ߶콣նһͨ콣âΤѹıӡһǽӡնķ顣
㡭
Τɫ۱벽ۼΪΪ˲ܽѹסȴû뵽쾹ȻҲ۱ұıӡǿֻһͽۼӡնķ飬ӿĽ̲סһ
ܣһҲԾǿ񽣣ɵö¡
ԭЩڿͥ׷ľŸеһͬʱǲµǾ˾нܹϵΤһѹ͵ͥ͵뷨֮ǰ붯֡ǣΪΤʵǿȻ뷨ȴûжȥΤΪΤСǶȥΤԻᱻΤӣǶԺΣա
ҪǣΤΪȻڰ벽ۼǳǿҲʼˣЩ˵ʵûкΤȥ
Ǵ˿̣һĻЩͻȻЩԼ˸ղûжȥԸ죬Ͼǰµ۱ǸղǶˣԻܲңһ۷弶۱ǺֲܿģܻɱͨıʵߺһЩ˾ղһҲǶ֣ضᱻȫĨɱ
ʱûЩ˵ı飬ĿֻΤϣһ˲ƵΤǰץԷ
Τٶæˡ
һӡʩչݻͼһʱ佫Τǡ
һʱ䣬ķӡӿֱʮա
⣬ŵͼ
ǾŸеһ˵ȻҲƿأ
ܣһʿӡǶ¶ݣһʧɫ
ҲʱͼӿֱӽΤѹʹöԷ˲Զ
飡
Τŭܴͨ󶯣ͼſͼȻȴһҲûУŲ
ſ֣
ƿΤһĻͺʱ
쿴ûпһۣͷۼɱֱնֱӽɨԶ
ΤͼѹʱԶҲãвɵ¶һ˿⣬ɫĵſңǻŵһǸҶҡ
飡
ʲôҲûУֱһȭ˸϶ԷĻʹöԷһѪˮֱ
漴һƱԴ˲Ϣû뵽ԷʶУڡǾŸˡԼͥ¡
һۣӹȥ
ǰǣͥǿС
ͫ΢


1968 鷳
Τʶ췢֣ĴŹϵͥ£ƺǴ絮֮һֱڣʮĪҲӡ
ͬʱЩʿᵽľˣȷʵǰˣǰǾ˽Ƭڵһֲͥٵˣڷֲڵһ۷ʥֶȡһڽͥܲķǳҪĶ
⡭
ԾЩֱȥʮǻع
ͥ͹й񻰴˵еͥƺôƣûЩ˵еĹȴԾϾֵķʵЩء
ͬʱһҲԾ߰ǰǾ½ʱŸմﵽʥΣû뵽Źȥ󣬾Ȼлɱ۷ʥˣҲ֪ЩʲôֶΡУǾ˵ͥʲôҪĶ
⣬ҪǣŰ˲Ե޹ȥͥĶͥһֲԴ£
ǵжԣ
΢
½ʱ̫ϵ˴ӻĹƺ˵˲ֻǱ½ļѣʱϵЩ£һ˲һ뷨̫Ϻڤˣһͥйϵ
ſ
Τʱ򷢳˻쾹Ȼǿʶ
쵭ĮɨһۣʲôҲûУͷ۱ֱն¡
һĻΤ϶ʱ¶֮ɫס
ۣ
ѪˮĿ۷۱ɱ£ӡŵΤڵһʱ䱻ķ飬Ҳӡһ飬
ˣͨ޺ɱʳѪ⣬󻹼Դߴ٣ͨ޺һЩɱʱͶɱ⣬ȻܷŹԷ¶Էһʥ˼ǿĻҲԥ񣬻û¹˭
طһȴɫŵһôնˡ
ɨɵĻͺʱأǡüһĻǾŭ
㾹ˣ
ҧ
ͥ׷йأֲɱ֣ţԲкýŲŹ㣬ͥŹ㣬ܿͻ³
꺮к꣬Զȥ
ԭֱѹ죬ǣ벽ۼΤնˣȻ֪Լ˲Ƕ֣ʱֻ뿪ǰͥƬڵ·ֲȥܣ¸֪ͥͥһɳǿ׷ɱͬʱҲ˶ͥõһЩʹͣ䲻׼žҲԲ
ڻȻҲȥ֪һϾǺΤһΤﱻɱȫ̿ˣûɲ֪ͨš
ɨһۣһ˲Ϣǰ
ȥ֪ͨͥҵ£
Įʵ
ô
ɣ
ĵ
ǲ˵ʲô۱գֱĳն¡
֮ǰͳҪɱֱҪȥͥܣģŵĺܣ·ԼʲôҲƵģȻʲô棬ֱӳĨɱ
ӭ۱ѹ£˵һһӾ¶˿־壺㡭ס֣
һ֣۱Ʋѹ䣬콣ֱӽն飬ͬʼҲһĨ飬תۼʧӰ٣ʧ
һ˲䣬طֱӱһƬ
⡭
һЩʿһĻɵĲλŵΤڰ벽۾ȻôնˣΤһĻͺ꣬ȻţҲ˶٣ǸŵʥӣҲһɱ
Ȼ뵽ƿкͥ׷ǾŸһЩʿ㶼ǲɵ΢Ĵ˼ɵǿһħɡ
ȻǿЩ˿񣬲ȴһҲ⣬𣬶кС̫Ͱ׻뿪
ܿ죬һ߳ԶԶ뿪֮ǰƬڣ콫ΤʶĹͥͰ˱Ϊ˵£򵥺ǽ¡
ǾڼǰȻô£ͥһڼҪĶ
ۡ
׻ҲۣʮĳˣߵﶼǷ
ᵽĹͥһЩϢǸϵĴڣͨ켶ҾԲֹһˣ߰ǰǸʱŸոմﵽʥζѣǵΪȻȥͥĶһӳɹˣһֲͥһ۷ʥʵЩ𺳡
뵽Щʲôô˵Сӣ޵ȫԴǾˣ¡鷳˰


1969 ͥ
Ȼ˼ͥ׷ˣҪľǾ˵Ѿ¶֮һͥ׷ɱͥǿһУһǿǵһͱµˡ
ˮڡ
ô
ͥ鷳ܴ󣬵ȻѾҲûʲôȥıİ취
£кС̫Ͱ׻ƬɽȺλöȥ
ڣȵðѾƬɽȺڵĽƬѰ
ٶȺܿ죬֮ûйȥ೤ʱɽȺ
жʱһĨâʱڣ߲񽣵һ߲ԣʶУǰ
ǰһ˲ȷ˴طĽƬľλڡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһԶΪ߲𣬽ƬɽȺʿǳ࣬ʱ򣬲ʿԿƬ
΢ֱתһĵ֮Իô˲Ϣʹｻ֯һƵŨʹκطʧȥУͬڵĽְ㣬ѼŸǰλǰС
ߡ
ΪԻôǳ죬ʮɣкС̫Ͱ׻ɽȺǰȥ
֮һ˲䣬ʱȥǰһ޴İȣܹľޱȺΰһ߲ʹźڰС
ȻǶ
һĨС̫Ͱ׻ˣǵһμⶫ
֮ǰǶµɢ߲ʹľⶫǳԾ
ǽ֯â˿Ҳûԥֱǰ
ǽƬ
ǰǰȭͷĽƬͻأֱӳ˹
ˣ
߲ʹ⻪֯һ̣ƬһƵ߲ʹ⻪ͬʱŰĴֱûڣʹһ
Ƭ壬ֱʶڵУһƵļд߲ܵʹ⻪Ӷÿһӿȥ
ֱӽ̫ľתʼЩ߲ʹ⻪
һʱ䣬⾶ֱ֯˵ԣһٶ

磬һΰľ޳ڡ
ǾŸͬ
ΰ޳Ϊڳǣͥ޳ڵķֲ֮ǰ٣µͥǿ޳ڹֲͥʱפڴ˵صһͥʥһм⣬ղ뵱ͥҪǾŸͬ˳֡
ѹ
±ʮ߳ˣ۲Ρ
ʱԣȻֻǴʲΣϾǾŸйأǷҲһǰ
Աߣ⴦ֲͥһʥڣ󣬱ЩĮ
ʥü漴ͷǽķϣǰ

ɽȺڣ⣬ɫԺ߲ʹ⻪ӦԱǿ
µĽƬ壬ĺôνܴл
ת̫ľȻת֮䣬һʱȥ
һʱʱ󣬽ƬȻǳ׺ʶеΪһ壬ҲﵽǿټǿΪﵽڵжλá
ã
һĨ񻪣ʱоԼñ֮ǰǿ˲١
ңҪǣһŽƬѰ֮ϵĸˣ񽣵ĹͨԱһЩܻļʱˡ
һȶˣصԡ
ˣ뿪
кС̫Ͱ׻뿪
ʱ򣬾طĽƬѾѰǰصأصڵƵһų
뿪طܿгȥǳԶ֮ɽȺ֮⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ԶʮӰ֯ۼѹطϡ
£
һ˵ŽɫļУӷĮ˲ֱӶ֣ۼܷӿû⳯ѹ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ʮҲһ֣ۼѹƵϢ¡
һʱ䶯ݣһԽɫС̫Ͱ׻ƳȥԶܿʮ۵Ĺ
ʲôˣ
ʮˡ
֮ǰڵĮִͥй֮ˣһѹ
䣬ʮٴζˣΪֻʶҪһ֣ʮһϣӿȡ
ͥˣȻô죿
Се¶֮ǰ϶ȥֲͥˣ@#%
Ͱ׻ĥ


1970 ʥ
ʮһ֣磬ʮһ֡
ԽɫС̫Ͱ׻ˣȻҲ֪ȥܡ
ʱӭʮ۵Ĺʲô΢߲ƺƵĴڵһ߲ʮ۵̼ķ顣
һ̣߲ʶгͷĽ𶯰˻ġ
ǣ
ʮ۵ݣ߲񽣵Ľͫ׶ɲһ
׻С̫Ҳݡ
ܻˣ
¶ϲɫ
ʮɱԭڵӦӦԣȴ룬Ȼʱ񽣸˳ʹһӾͲˣΪ񽣺ܿ£Ϊ߶߲񽣣ʥ֮£ûκܹס
ͥʮͫ׽һ̣ϽиǿۼѹԻ
һ˿ڣ򵥣ȫ򡭡
ﬣ
˿̽𣬴˵Ļץסͷ߲񽣣ֱһն
һ߲ʽ⼤ٶȿ쵽㣬˲ʮǰ۵һڵ˹ᴩۼѪˮգ̵ͬҲ̱ķ顣
Աߣʮ۽Ǿŭ
һ֣ΥȻǾŴһ֮ѣ
һ˺
˵ʲô̧һն
וּһ߲ʽ۵ĽڵҲն飬Ѫ䳤ա
Щ˶ɱԼˣû֣ʲôΥһƽŰϰˣݲñκΥ־Ϊ
߲񽣣ǰ˵ʲôֱԽƽʮȫ
ﬣ
ӽʮ߲ʽâɨʮȫС
֮ǰոɽȺڵõµĽƬʱƿ񽣷ǳף˿̳񽣣ΪֻǴڣҲԶԸʥ֮κˣ۷Ҳ⡣
̶ĽХһɽ飬ƺƵ£նһƬƬա
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮըʮۼǿûһ⣬ڱնķ顣
ʮ˱Ͼûڵһʱ𣬺ʼնһ𣬿ؾ۳ıӾŭͬʱҲļɵʵŵǱ̫¡
ߣ
һҧʱȻǿ˳ȻۼΣʮһ𣬵ȴҲκβֳ߲񽣵ڼ졣
£ʮ˿ٺˣԶ
ɨʮˣĮĺǲһֱ׷ϣͬʱٴλӽ
һΣ˼ʹ߲𶯣ͬһʮҵĽ⸡֣գ˲䵽ʮ˽ǰ
ۣ
Ѫˮ·ɽһڲҽб飬ͬҲһʧ
Աʮ˸һһ˶Ǵ۾ڣȴһͱն
ҵͥ㾹Ҷɱ֣ȴĽͥ췣
һ˺ŭ⡣
첻໰̧һ
וּһ߲ʽâ֣ȸղһЩ˲佫ڵС
ۣ
û⣬˸ס߲ʽ⣬һʱǱ
Ŀʮĸϣ߲ѹ
ЩǿеΣȻѾҪѹɱǾȻǾԵˣȻ顣
ңǾ˿ĵӣʲôɱ޹֮Ϊ˶ᱦɱˣͥһֲбضзǳҪԭ򡣼ȻǾͥһֲնɱ֮ͥˣôͥ˲׷ɱն֮ͥ˵ҲʲôʲôףԼãᵽĽ֮սͥпܾǵжԵһ
ﬣ
߲ʽâޱȴ̶ǳ˲䵽ʮ˽ǰʮȫ֡
һʱ䣬۵ģըͬҲһ飬

ʣµ߸ǷŭǾ㤣ͷӶݡ
ʲôҲûУ߲񽣣ֱ׷ǰȥ
źԶٴλӽ߲ʽ֣һ˹ᴩѪˮ
漴ӽּ˼ˣʹ˽
һʱ䣬طֻʣһǱļߣһҲͣ
ǹֲѵһͨ켶ʥ
׻˿Һ촦ڣԭǰЩս󣬿˵֮𣬿ɴ˿̳񽣣նɱЩȴͬвһ򵥡
Ŀһϣ׷ϣ߲â֯񽣱棬һնһɲǱնããգ˲Ϣ䵽ǰ
ߣ
һʾͷӰʥ⻮̼ն߲ʽ⡣
ӰԶһһʥϢƵʮ΢


1971 Ϥħ
Ӱֵķǳ죬ʥѹת˲ǳ˽ǰ
һʱ䣬졢С̫Ͱ׻ɫ
Ӷݵͥ¶ϲɫֹסԶȥĲд
ݼλˣˣкǿʥǲУ˶
ʥĻûм˵ȥ˼ʥȴǶ֪ʮˣǶˡ
ˡ
˽Ϊߣһ˴źۣһһϮĿϡ
ͫ΢ʲôҲûУֱԽɫŰ׻˶ߡ
ʱֵĿʥҲǶ֣ʱܹ˫ɵ˵ҲãΪߵΪʵڸ̫߳ˡ
ûʲô룬һֱ̧֣ӳץȥ
һʱ䣬ʮ̣ʹһ˽̲ס˲䱻סˡ
ˣ
̲ס
Ҳɫѿ̫ľת߶е񽣣ʹ֮Ųԣ߲ʹ⾪죬ܱסĿռ𿪣˼Ӷݡ
ֵͥʥ΢Ŀе߲ϣЩ˼
Ȼֻ⶯֣ϾʥǿߣһʼΪһȴȻʥӰ̵գʵǺܲ򵥡
£ٴζ֣һ貵ʥӿһʥѹ졣
оʥ˵Ŀ£߶еնʮǣȴסˣԷʥ̫ǿʼΪ߶߲ȫǶ֡
ʱС̫Ͱ׻һһαԶ
ʥ˷ӿʥӡԻһץ졣
䣡
ͻȻһɰԻԶգϸһɫˣٶȺܿ죬תۼƺƵѹֵʥ
ֵʥݣٳʥ⣬źĺɫӭϡ
תۣɫѹ䣬Ҵž˵ħֱķʥϡ
͵һʥһ˲󣬺ɫ˱ֱϡ

Ѫըҽֵͥʥ˲顣
ңͬҲһʧ
һĻʹͥһʥԼۼǱɫ
ͬһʱ䣬һʱ򶼻ָɣԶˣȫźɫ˳ĵطȥ󣬳ȴ׻⣬졢С̫¶ɫ
ȥɫ˳ķһͷڵħƵĳŵطĿϣҾ;ϢϤȻСһ
ħӴͬһСɽ㣬һ˽ǰ
ˣ
׻ۣǰӴħޣֿ죬¶һı顣첻ǵһôʶڵħޣҿȥǰͷħʵЩ£ղųǶֵͥʥȻ˲ͱĨɱˡ
ͷǰͷħޣ΢΢񣺡лǰȡ
ͷħޣǵڻĻʥµͷħޣ⽫Է˳ȻʶԭͷħͦͦģԷųʱҪȴΣյС̫Ͱ׻ǿûпֱ˺뿪ĹǺһֱҪݺħһ١
ˣǰѵ߸׿ˣϾǱԷˡ
Ǹղûͷħ޳֣ǾԻᱻʥѹ֣ض
С̫ǰͷħޣȻǻ˵Ǽ£ֹסķۣ¶Եǵ²ջûеԭȻҲǺһڶǱԷˣĲǵˡ
Сһɶ
ħ޿ڣǺһ޴צӣԴ
죺
ɿˣ̲סðߣǰλаɶߣһֻצӾ͸һСɽƵģԴûͷ­飬ͷֹסۡ
ʲôˣ֪ҵݣҲͥ
ʱ
ͥǰʥʣһˣʱħޣмɵϾһһʥ׾ٵľͱǰͷħ޻ɱˣȻˣǰͷħЩɵ뵽ԼΪͥǿߣȴɻǷǳӲ
ħ˫ۣĿʱ򿪿ڵʥϣͥˣ
ħѯʣڵʥеļɵ˲ûˣֱΪͷħηˡ⣬ǳΪͥһУͳʮĪҲӣؼ䣬ûм˲ηͥ
һʱ䣬ıٴαĮһָ߸ϵ̬˲ɱʥħȻ֮ͥˣץͥҪȴ
롣ʱħ޿ڣֱһצĹȥͥ˾͹ˣүүҾɱͥˡ


1972 ص
ħаɸߣһֻצӸһСɽƵģĳȥֱˡ
ͥʥͷƤˣû뵽ǰͷħ޷ǵɵͥҾרɱͥˣûκֱͣӳԶߣٶȼ졣
ֻǣһ۵ħĳצ̫ǿˣµϢһʱǷܣӶݵ·ضϣʹֱ¶־壬̲סУס֣
ҡ
ħ޲мצûκͣ٣ֱ£ֱӽĵ
ͬһʱ䣬âħϵۼͥҲһ
һ˲䣬طֱӱð
ǡ
С̫Ͱ׻ǲɵõۣǰͷħ޵ʵʵǿ¡
ҲԾͷħޱֳʵҲʥ𼶱ڣѾײˡ
˵Сһû뵽Ȼ翴ǣôģ
ħ޿ʵ
һλǰġ

ħӴͶԷӲ֪ԷǴ׾ΣҲ֪˶ԷݣΪĹʱһֺܿµĻޡ
Ǿһʯף˵ǿĳһƾýصĹƬֲͥõǰʯף׼ͥ壬ȴǰһҹߡ
ѯڰͥʲôô˵
ʹ춯ݣǴӦܲһ㣬νĹӦøǷǷǰʯײᱻ׼ͥȥǰǰʯף׼ȥǴؿǵŵõźĶĿģ
¡
ͻȻԶ𶯣һɼΪµϢɿӽ
Ϣһ쵱΢ԱߣС̫Ͱ׻ҲǱɫ
ҲǳǸȥ׷ˣ𤣡˵ţƫͷˣֱһȦİħâһ˰ţСһԵټмϲ׷ɱˣǺһ𲻰ȫȥԼ¡
˵ţһ˦ֱ֣ӽ˳һ򶪳һʧڼԶ
漴ͷٶȺܿ죬Եķ򼲳۶ȥնΪ֮Ť
Զȥһ˲䣬߳ԭأӽԺ䣬Ϣǿ
׷
һ뿪ķ׷ȥ

һ˱ħâӳԽԶǻͣ¡
ħâƿһɽͷ
Ǽһʲôˣ˭׷ɱ
ۣղǼϢЩ£׼Ĵڣң׾ڣҲǿԳǿߡ
ͥˡ
֪ԷڻĳУͥˣڵΪûֱɱֶֻǽ֮һûϸ˵ֻᵽʱݺݵĥž
󣬵Ϊֱɱ磬Ҫ˺˼̵룬Էʱ󣬱ضȺ˵ǼУǷɹ˳ö֪ܲµԷض˲СĶٽ϶Է֮ǰġүүɱͥˡԲµǼɿϢˣͥǿߣЩһûͥĻ
Ǽһ°ɣ
׻
֮ǰǱһȻЩĶԷİȫ
Ӧò£Ҳ׼Σһ𵲲סףӦûʲô⡣

䣬΢΢³һԶ
ȥصء
˵
񣬽ƬѾȡʱ򣬵ǸȥصصʱˣȥƵһų
£к׻С̫ٶȺܿ죬żȶķǰС
صصλþطҲԶ˺ʱȻнλöصزԶĵط֮ǰӳķҲǡþǰصصķһʱǾصصǸˡ
ȻصزԶȴҪϴһµʱܵΪձǵȴҪعڣΪղѣҪƬ˺ŻƶǱûˣʥҲ޷ĵ¡
նУһۣʮȥ
һ죬ǰһƬԭĿһĹľر洦ǿ֦ҶΰĻԵЩ룬һۿȥͺͷ׽Ļĵزࡣ
λ׵սͨ쾳ΣһչصصؾȻô
׻ۡ
쿴ǰĵط˴ЩطٸۡչأһЩɽҪһЩǣԻܰȫ
˵ţк׻Сֱ̫ԭڣŻԭĶȥ
תۣ߳ԶƬԭ𶯣Ƹ֣ɱҪ١


1973 춼ɵ
ɱƵ˵ɱ޾Զʹһ˶ǲɵöݡ
ô£
ü
ɱ֪ǣϿƸı񣬰˵ܴطɱŶ԰
ӴϲݵģʲôŪôɱ󣿷Ǹ˿
ʱһϤԭЩλô
쵱һ
ͬʱԱߣС̫Ͱ׻Ҳɵõۡ
ϣ
кС̫Ͱ׻ԭȥ
ˣЩɱͻȻԻΪǵĹϵб񣬲ɱ˿Ӷɱ󱻴
ϤԺһ¾ͳһӰ
С̫Ͱ׻ٶȺܿ죬ܵɱȻԻ˳·ǳΪƸıЩɱǲûйǡ
ܿ죬гԶԭĴ
Ӵ
Ȼصȥǰһһĺɫ罻֯һУɱˣһж㣬һͷͷһƬɢҡ
Ȼϼһ
ԡ
ǰߣɲǵ޿ʶϻô
¡
մ𶯣ɫ˵ɱ⣬ڣҪһи
ϻţͬʱȻҲһˣɵõۡ
СӣôطһǱܺɫ磬һ¶ı飬ֱ۶죺Щɱƣôǣ
ʱ洦ɱƣһ˾;ɱ֮䣬ЩɱųɱȴһҲûˣ·һֻ͸Ŀһ㡣
Ʒãɱϲңһˡ
ô
ϻ쵱ӣʲôܿЩɱķ̽˼ң
ЩɫɱʵЩ£ƻһС
췭ۣǰ絽ϻϣ΢ƸڵıֶһԣֱʹܵɱƱðȥ
ϻ¶ɫܿɱ󣿣ĿеıϣǶݣǸϼһϢͷƸģ
ԣ¶ɫ
ʶ
ϻ졣
ϻȻһ۾ͱʶ鱦ƵϢǲƸģǶƷǳϤ
ˣޡϻֿ죺ͷƸģ
ǡ
ͷϼһȻżЩЩƷȴԲǻˣûбҪʲôҵԼһ磬ҲΪƵĹϵ
ͬʱЩԾϼһݲ򵥰֪ЩֻСʱ죬û뵽ϼһﾹȻƶʶҺ졣
˭ǿϵеĴڣϵʥ֮һսϼһȴȻƺ죬ѵǺһʱһεˣ
ͬʱղţطԻЩɱƾԺֲܿҲʥ𼶴ڣϼһ֮ǰЩɱʱȻЩǱȴƺûʲôϵΣգҲ⣬ΪĸоԷֻʥΡ
ϼһ˵ʵòʲôϵĻʯתɣܾ㲻
̲סʵ
ԱߣС̫Ͱ׻Ҳϻ죬Ҳϼһܲ򵥡
ⶼ㿴ˣСӣ񣡡ϻĴָ̾Ϣ뵱˼Ӣǿ磬춼üɵ֣˯жٵһٵĴ磬ϧ£Ϊһһȥ
졢С̫׻
ͷܴ

ѽܴ
С̫͡
ɿȣ൱ԣĴ磬̵󣬾ͨ켶ĴһҲԽ֮ٵϼһȴƵ˯лٵһٵĴ磬ʲô춼üɵ֣Ц̫ˡ
ϻ췭ۣʵûš˵ţؿڣȡһƴḥ̂Ͽۣȴ鲼ѺۣѾ߱κιٲȻǷˡСḥ̂ɫһ¾ˣһۣǧѰıôˡ
ɨḥ̂ȻѾٵˣܿЩ۵Ĳһ㣬۵ĥ̾ر֮ǰϼһʥΪֵطƿµ޾ɱƣĥԭ
˵
ϻ졣
Ϲתƣߵоһ˿΢ϢӦϼһһϻ۾Ǹϼһղؿɲףĺܣ˼׼˿ȡñá


1974 ظ
ϻĻǸоһ
ϼһȻȱ£֪ǹ˵ĵطȻǿȡɱ찡ǣ
ϻ쿴һۣʵأôҲˣ
¡

˵ţҲûжԣƸ֪ķƬԭĴӡ䣬ƸıУʱʹط𣬿ռŤ
һ̣һƬ΢СԻܺŨĿƶһ۾ܿеӰУɢĻǿĺˡ
ǡꣿϻ춯ݣĿ΢СڵĻӰ֮ϣϼһȻһط
Ƕݣ΢СڵĻӰģȻһģһʱɢϢ̫ˣֹסĲ궼ۡ
áÿ£
С̫Ͱ׻Ҳļ£̲סһ¡
΢СڣƵİ˫ۣ·Ǵ޾µĳ˯ۡ
ûʲôٲȻûʲôʶֻƷİѣ˫ۺֱӻһ΢СڻĴϣƿһҵûС
ٶȺܿ죬˲ϢʧڣҲһʧ
ϼһһǡϻ컹Ȼǳ⣬һֽŷۣȻûһװɱˡ
һ֪һڴ˵أԴ˲ȣʱϻΪЩԣϼһһĵŹ˵ı̫ˡ
漴뵽һЩ£ʵϼһԪʣ㸴û
ϻ콫ԪߣҪԪʣԴ˻ͦġ
ϾԪǰܴæΰȹľ档
ˣڱչʱڹû취
ϻڵ
ͷ˾ͺá
ͬʱ뵽һ棬ϻʶƣԪҲˣԪҲǰΪ۲ΣҲһƲ
Сӣ˼ȣ粻½磬ǿĴһһѵģСһЩϻԶȥֹڤѰǴŵأһֱ׼ʱˣӦҪˣȥȡЩö
Ŀϻ뿪Էļ仰¶ݣһ˹ȥ
ϼһղᵽڤڣڤڷһŵأ׼
קסϻ졣
ϻͷֹŹֵĿôˣ
ôǺһȥǷֵǴŵڵкö

û뵽ʱϻ˹ڿڤڵ£һ浱ǲ𼶵ȥ½ɱһֱǵã˽󣬱ضҪȥҿڤڵ鷳ⲻþ鷳Ļ᣿
ϻʲôȡ˼ԭˣӲǿ£
бһĵı飬˵ıضţ˼ԭ
ˣߡ
ߴٵ
ϻЩˬǱĵı飬ͳһʥһһƵʥԣʹǰֱӸһռŻԼС
춯ݣҪ˺ѳռŻǷǳѵ£ʥҲϼһʱȡһȻʹôռŻ
ϼһ㱦ٰûУͨ켶ı켶ıҲУ׼Ҳǿպϣץϻ·㶫˵½ôȡЩֱӾ͸ɵˡ
һ˵ţһϻﲻϷңϧʲôҲûܷ
ӣҷûˡϻЩ˼ҽһЩϼһ͵ȣȡġ
죺
ˣߡ
Щˡ
£ϻ졢׻С̫һռŻڣһ̱ʧԭء
漴֪˶ãһطѿǱ˳
ȥǰΪһϿȣһƵİɫţֻԶԶĿž͸һɭĸо·ڤƮһС
Ͽˣ˵ǿڤڴʼµһظö١
ϻȻ֪ܶࡣ
ڲȥ
ʵ
طϻ첢ûҪʱϿȵĴ㣬Щ档
ڽȥǴظֻܽϿȱԵϻظзǳǿĽƣҪԿڤڴʼʼⷽƿڤһֱ׼⼸Ӧþͻǰ˵ȿڤڵƿǴظĽƣϢСĵǱȥھš


1975 ظ֮
ϿŲٹľʹʯһվڼԶһСɽϣԶԶĿϿǸλãһ۱ʱȥ
պһ죬ӰԶϿȣˣΪ׵һˣϽۣʥѹ֯⡣
ϲġ
ϢվڼԶСɽϣһ۾ϳˣò͵ڴǵӰһģһȻǵǲ½ԸĿڤ
ӴСӣʶйڣ
ϻʵȻһ۾ͿԿڤĲ
ڴȥˡ
һƲ죬ش𣬽ͿڤһЩ¼򵥵˵£ܵȥʱɱ¡
ϻԣǵۣ½ѹ㣬½ԸǼˣȻԻܵȥʱȥɱ㣿⵨ӹʰ˵ţ¶ЦȻҲ֪ΪֻԻعȥɱһ˾ûʲô£ЦѾȥʱ¼ԸıˣնϵĻȥ˸ıȥ£һҪʣ
ģ
졣
Ŷ֪ԻعȥʱΪԻصȥıһЩ£ֻǻ𣬱帶һۣȴû뵽ûô򵥣Ȼն˴󲿷ϵĻعȥһѡ
ϻıȥ£ȻǰһʣκֶնϵڣãڣǰǿˣصȥֻҪıȥп⵽صķɣܻûıȥֱˣˣԽǿˣԽǲһعȥıʷ
ϻѵõĺ֣أŮҲƿʱ䷨ʱ令壬ԱصȥнӴ壬˻عȥǰӴ˲ͻŵֱӻᱻͬʱĹɵһɶ
ϻô˵졢С̫Ͱ׻ǲɵöݡ
ֹȥԭеҪôࡣ
죬һ˲伹ˣɵؿڣõʱСɻعȥȥֹˣСƿʱ䷨ǲȻֱ롣
˵СӾȻôɫŮȻƿʱ䣡
ϻֿڣ죬ʱһŵı飬ϾʱȻϲ򣬵ȴ޵ĳɳԣԹδƿء
бҵĻǿ
ɶ
ϻü
˵Ҳ
ǵϿƼڵĴʻ㣬ϴеǿʿȻ֪
Ѫ˼
׻ڣڵ˺ܾõ£ȻǶʲô˼
¡
ͻȻԶ
һ˵ȥԶϿڤѾϿڣڶ֣ɢϿƮŵһЩĿռʱʱ𶯡
úƬİɨ˴ƬӰڹ⣬ſڤϿȥһ۱н뼫Զ롣
ڤϼһǿڤһǿˣȻԽȥˡ
쿴
Ӱ֪˹ڿڤ£Ȼ֪Էǿڤһǿߡ
Ͼǿڤڴʼ˵ظϵشһǿȻҪ
ϻ
쿴ܿ죬ڤ˽ϿȸȫʧǵҰ֮С
ڽȥ
ϻ졣
ϻͷߣ
£һΣСĳϿȴܿϿȱԵ
ϿȱԵΪۣǳǿ󣬲ϻʥΣҲһЩ챦Ȼܱ۷ֱ֣κϢ۵Ƥӵ´ֱӿϿ֮Уһ·Ͽȥ
ܿ죬гȥԶʱǰһԶԶĿȥԶһƬСԻкӽ֯·һƬɽ㡣
ȻС磬ǿڤڴʼطط
ʱڤȻƿظĽƣԿڤΪף󲿷תۿСڣ¾С֮⣬ʥǿʿ
ϼһʥĸ֪𣿡
ϻ졣
ʱǾƬظλûԶõı֣ǼǾ˵ˣϾǾʥ
ġ
ϻ֮ǰ鿪ռŻ𶯳һ˿˿͸Ĺԣһ֣ǰȥ
֮ͬϻԵǰ㣬ǱѰ֮κϢȻʥҲֲˣһ˷ǳ˳ĴӾŸʥ֮½ظ
ȥظ֮ڣɽ࣬ŷǳŨ֯һƬʵĴûʲô̫
Զһ޴ĹʣϢŨˣ鲼ԡ
лһĨƬظĺˡ
ﬣ
ͻȻԶ޴󹬵⣬ӿ·ʶ㣬Իɱ⣬ֱĳϢˡ


1976 鵶
֮⣬𶯣ɱֱ˴Ƭռ䡣
˵Ƕݣܣɱ㿪
ô£ǹʶɣ
ۡ
üǲ߱ڤڵĴйϢǡƣ߿ڤڴϢ˻ᱻ࣬Է𹥻
ӴСӣʶϻ쿪ڣȷʵ
ˣϻʵɺǿҴޱȾԶʱתۼǿණ
ﬣ
ǰ𶯣иɱ⳯ÿһΪֲ
һȻǲ˿⣬ٶܡ
ͬʱ޴󹬵ڤһ˻δȫ룬Զݡ
ô£
ʼظƴڣǶпڤžĵƲᱻƬСڣ
˻˽治𣿣
Щ˽ü󲿷н¶

Ѿ빬ڵĿڤڣŹȥ
ڼеˣʱ⹬ڵĶϾǿڤһĴʼλʼ棬Ǿʥء
ʥصǿµظڤһм¼ÿһв׵ļֵʥҲ䣬ȽЩȡ
ҪǣȻ֪˭жˣȴܿ϶Բһǿ򣬾ͲϢˣֱӱͳˡ
˷ģ
˻Ӧ
ط󲿷ſڤУʮо˴ʥ죬һǴʥ˲ΣȻֻʥ˳ڣҲΪǿ
£ʮһˣȫɱķȥٶȺܿ졣
һ˼ܹɱ⣬ƶȥ˺Զ˹ܸӦķΧʹùԱðûɱ
ʱϻµκϢҲ֮¶˳
˳˹ˣ
ǰʮӰٵĳܸоʮ˵ǿ
ȻҲˣС̫Ͱ׻Բɵɫ΢䡣
Ÿʥһʥˣ⡭
һ
һ̣ವƿХڤڵʮתۼ嵽˽ǰ
ֻϣҳŵ
ӲС
һˣʥɭ
ϻȫն
Ϊ׵ʥ˼ǿ߿ڣĮ
˻䣬£ֱ˶֣ݻʥӡѹ¡
һʱ䣬ʥӿѹʮա
켹һΪΣû˫۵£ʥǿߵĹԳܵˡ
ϼһȫˣ
ϻ৵ϻ档
ȫͷ
ڣС̫׻ˢˢƶȫϻ
һУҲϻǿȾֻܿϻˡ
ʥͷӣǵ̣͸ҿڤŵأǹ죡ȫȥ
ֵʥĵϻľ磬С̨ס
ϻۣͲˣ@#Сӣϣ˼ǹ
˵ţϻһڣ৵ķɳһѶУ鲼ƣֱԷ
וּһ̼䣬һҵѪ⼤͵һǻ鶯ֵʥ̽ʥӡ
漴ѪƲŶԷȥһڶԷ֮ϡ

ҽѪˮɽֵʥֱӱķ飬ͬҲһ
һĻʹ졢С̫Ͱ׻ۡ
ϻնһǶֵʥȹһΣգǶԾ
ͳģ֮ǰ˵û𣿡
쿪ڣ̲סȥϻڣŲٺö
ͬʱ棬ڤ˶ݣеһʥôɱˡ
ϣ
Ϊ׵ʥ˿ڣ޾ɱ⣬һӰϻѹȥ
ӰƷǷϢܿ¡
ү
ϻɲһſھͬʱٴλӶһѪâն֮ͬǰһ㣬׻ʥ˵Ĺ۵һ֮նķ顣
Ǻ꣬˲ɢ
ʥҲһնˣ
ۡ
Ҳ¶ɫϻȡĶУѶУʵЩֲ

Ҳʱһ촫ϻУ֮ϸһѺۣͬ֩һ㳯ӿȥ
ʥ鵶ֻܴ߶ΣȻǼСϣ˷Ѱ˼ǡ
ϻһʹı顣


1977 龧
һʥ˼ǿ߱նʥѪƮϣ졢С̫Ͱ׻ǲɵöݣϻĻǶ𺳡
ɱʥ𼶵ǿߣԾ̲סۣǸղεʲôֱͳնڤЩ˲ͺˣ
˵ҪǴһƣƲ򿪣ǽȥ
ϻһ·ߵԭʥǿҲԷ֣׼ȵнƶƿֱӶ֣ȴ룬طĵĹ⾹ȻƣпڤڴϢˣʹ֣ʥ˼ǿɱڤƿĽƲ빬ڡʱʥ˺;Ÿ۷ʥɱû취ֻܶöнΧ
죺
棬˸ڤڵʥǿļ£¶ɫͷӡ
ʥ˼ǿ߶һĨɱˣʥΪοܿˡ
ܣȫ£
ϻеĶٴλӶǴƬѪâɳ˸ʥȫУתȫ
Ҳʱ첻ϴеĶѺӣֱӷ顣
νֶμ޽ԭıһܣʹôϷǳޣһﵽʹôֱӾͻΪһѷ
նʥıôûˣϧ
ŶĲƬҲһ۵ı飬Ƶġ
˼ǡ
ϻһ۵ģĿǰ߱ˡ
ҲаϧȴҲû̫ãĿ䵽ϡ
ôȥ⣬Ƚȥˣ֮ôԸڤЩˣ㻹ûбȵϸղǰѶеı
ϻ졣
ۿȥ⣬Էӿƣǳ£һǿһΧڣ߱ڤڵĴйϢһʱͻᱻ
ǵȹܾˣҪܹЩͻƵȥѡ
ǽ뵽ˣ֮ʥĿڤһЩʥʥǱˣô죿ϻѹסʥı
ԸʥǿߵıûˣҪûʲôġϻ춢˼Сʱ䣬ӡһЩĵƣϱٿԱܿЩƣõı
ڤأ֮ô죿
ٴʵ⡣
ʱ룬鵶ܰװ˷ѵ˼ҷǵȡЩ
ϻҧҪȥǹڵ
䣬΢ֱӿʼӡƣʱڣܽ֯һƵĹӡ֮ǰռ𶯳⣬ʹһ˽Ա֡
΢ʱɵøоԼҪʧ˰㣬ԼЩԸоԼϢ
ƣ
ϻӡϵĵƣЩ졣
ǣϻߵ˼ҿ̵ĵƣôܻ
޳ǰĺĹȥΪϻӡϱٿЩϻԵǰ㣬Ը֪ǣû֮ͬǰ㷢
ܿ죬ǰֱӿ˽ȥ
ʼһ빬ڣʱ䣬޶Ǳ΢⹬ĿиоޱȾ˵͵ܣŨ˷ǳࡣ
вɵ¶âطʲôбأûĵȴôŨ͵ܣѵС龧
龧龧龧ǷǳƵĶҲԪɻȻ۶ɣ߱зǳҽ֯мƬȻʥԶǼϧıֱ֮ܽΪһԼʥмߵϴá
ʹƲ£֪ණ龧֮һȻ֪ⶫֶγɵǳ̣Ҳ
龧⹬ھңԲ٣
ϻ˫Ŀ⡣
ԣһʱתһԽŵ׸ֶӶȥⷽںδ龧
ѭ龧ϢʼϻıٿƵڣܿ⹬вλҵһϵʯҡ
ƺչ۲£ʯǳŵģһѶ͸ʯ
ҵˣ龧ܶ࣡
лâԼƺ̽ѰĻչָϻ˿
ϻ졢Ͱ׻ǴϲС̫Ǵ۾һգһգġ
ô龧˼дãϻһ˷ܵģɵ߬ȭͷϹȥȫȡߣ
˵ţ·
ͷȥһǱɫֹסŲڤһʮˣڳϹȥȥϡ


1978 ɱ
ֱǰǴʢ龧ʯңԻͿڤײϣʱͣһʱûǰߣϾڤһ˿ǺǿǿڤʥΪһ˵ʵԲܿˡ
ȥȥȥȡЩ龧
ϻ߬ȭͷ
ûܶԿʥǿߵȥǳ⡣
ü
ҲͷͷȻЩģС˵ûڳȥͿڤϻϣûܶԿʥıʱǾͲˡ
Աߣ׻С̫Ҳǵͷ
ϻ߬ȭͷȻҲ֪һ㣬ȴԸ˶ٺ͵һҧ@#˼ƴˣ
˵ţٴȡŻıٿʥ֯ĶһЩƣʱʹƬһѺۣͬʱ˵Ϣӿ
ϢɱȻȲ֮ǰǱУҲ̫ࡣ
춯ݣϼһʲô
ܲһ㣬֮ǰֻܿٿռŻͰϢѣܸо߱ɱڣϻļƺԸӦЩһˣɱϢƺһС
ĳɱһʱͻٵ
ϻ¶һʹı顣
ۣ翪ͨԲףϻΪʯڵ龧ǿбɱǽֱӸˣ
ͷ㹻
׻Ҳۡ
ӣϻϽģʱޣȥ龧ȫˡ
ߣ
ǰ·ʢ龧ʯȥ
ɱֻ֧һʱʱ䣬ֶ룬˷ѡ
ͬʱʱܹоǿ󣬾ܹסʥǿߡ
ǰ·һ˷ɿ⹬ڴûñǵʯǰ
ͬʱ֮ͬǰԤϵǰ㣬ڤҲʱϵ˵ء
£һǱȫ֡
ϣڤϽۣʱһˣһ۾ϳ죺߸ûѹ㣬Ȼ
ԣ󣬿ڤʮǿ߽Ƕݣ뵽һЩ¡
ǵȥ½ѹˣ
ˣ磿
ֻʾѣôģ
ˣʥΣ˴ģ
Ӧǡ
һЩۡ
ͬʱЩҲ뵽˸ղŵһЩ¡
֮ǰʼµĹ춯ҽ֮˽룬ѵǣ
Ӧˣȥѹûҳǣǻ
Щüд⡣
𣬳Կڤʥѹһʱӿ
á
죬ڤһǿֱӶ֣ʥȣѹ졣
ͬʱʥӡԱߵС̫Ҳһ֣ڰ׻ϻ춼ֱӵɱ⣬ΨûжС̫ɱ⣬ȻץС̫á
һʱоһʥѹԿǺֲܿ
ϼһ
ҧϻ
˵
ϻ쿪ڣΪҪȡ龧ٵһر۵ĺܣʱֱץɱǳſڤȥϵĿռһʱŤ
͵һڤʥӡһʱ飬ϻɱƲڤȵڿڤϡ
ۣ
Ѫˮֱڤֱӱķ飬ֻ걣
ңʮڤڵʿ˴ѣһʱȫը鿪嶼δܱ£ֱϻ˦һ֮
һʱ䣬ʮһĿڤǿ߽Ϊ֮ɫ
ǿ
첻ɵΪ֮ݣȻ֮ǰѾо˱ϻΪɱıٿܿ£ܵסʥǿߣʱϻʥĿڤ飬ʮǿֱĨɱ̲ס¶𺳵ı顣
С̫Ͱ׻ҲǳԾǲɵõۡ

׻զ
Ѫ䶯ڤ겻࣬۳ϻŵɵ¶𾪵ı飬ֻһǳֲ
ˣô죿
ʮ˿ڣη䱸Ŀϻ죬ʿڤ
ʱЩȻҲϻŵĿ£ǿɵ
ڤɫɨˣĿϻϣʲôˣ㴳ҿڤڵظɱɱ֣
ʱûжֻ֣ǺʣΪѾܸоסϻ
ϻһĲмЩͥ߹˶飿ɱôˣɱ塣


1979 Ѫ
ϻĻ¶ɫ
ڤڣͥ
ϻ졣
ͬʱһҲǳ⣬ǷͰˡϻ죬ͥŵ⣬ͥЩʲô£
ֻͥǳͥѣΪͥ¡ϻĵһ£ͥūš
ڤԣɫʱøǿڤȷʵǳͥΪͥ£ϻΪūţȴǷǳӿһɺ
ôòϧʵ
ϻƲ졣
˵⻰еֱ˦һ
һȸղŵһҪǿ٣һƿµɱۣͬˮư㵴תۼڿڤϣʹÿڤٴα飬Ѫˮ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣʮڤڵǿҲѣ󲿷ֱը
ϾʱıٿǷǳ¡
һ˲ѣطȴδĿڤ⣬ֻʣ˻վš
£
ۣʮʥˣôϻĨɱ
ڤ겻࣬ɿ۳ʱϻеŭһ죬Ŀɶڤһĸ߲ǿڤڵĺսڣȴת۾ͱϻݻٵ룬ʹĶڵѪ
ͬʱҲ¶㤵ı飬̫ǿˣȫס
ߣ
ҧŵĿڤʿԼһ⣬ȥ
ʱαҲѺۣѾǳԼȻΪʥҲܵסϻеӲֻ
ԣܲı˴Լһʼظ˿ȴûа취Ϊ˱סֻѡʼظ뿪
ϼһŹ

ڤɱţҴС̫⣬ȻöԷš
ϻֱӶ֣δ߶ٿڤȥ
ʱ䣬һ֮ɳٶȼ죬ת۱䵽ڤǰ
¡һֱըӿϢ⡣
ֱȥɢȥڤӰˣֻедƬѪˮ
ܵĻ졣
ϻ۵
춯ݣûɱ
Щ⣬ղһܸоӵĻԺܿ£ĨɱһʥӦòŶԣһ֮£ڤȻû
ûУֶˡϻҲˣҪȬҲûǧꡣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһطڤǿȻļ£ʱڷɿĳȥ
ϻ̧֣λӶٿɢıͬʱС

ҽлصط󼸸ڤʿûһסȫ
һ˲䣬طֱӱð
ʮʥˣʮʥȫˡۣǾǿڤڵмûˣڤƵÿΡ
ϻ龧
׻źʯڵ龧˫۷Ź⣬ˮû
ϻҲ˫۷Ź⣬ʱһ仰ҲûУֱӳ뵽ʯڣɨƬʥ⣬һһѵ龧С
ϼһô죡ǣ
ۣҲ˽ȥߴƬ龧
Ͱ׻ȻҲ˽龧ΨС̫ûм룬һԿ龧
תۣʮȥʯڵ龧ȫߡ
ϵҲֵˣЩ龧˼ع·ֽһ
ϻ̲סЦʯڵ龧٣֮ߡ
ϼһǫú󱲣һôࡣ
Ʋ龧ֻ֮һ
ӣ˼鵶ǼСӾǸںˣ
ϻб
ԣʱЩҪЩϸڡ
һ·ϻһڳҲƷѡ
˵ţֿڣظڣӦûǼѰҡ
ʱ򣬿ڤߣҲˣɱңϻĶıٿʱ֧Ŵʱʱڣʥ֮κǶüɵʱȻҪ̽ѰظѰ౦
ߣ
ϻ
£һ߳ʯʯңطȥúǷһЩ䱦ɵҩһЩǷʥžȣֵס
󣬵ֹȥʱ䣬ǰһѪڣһϵʥӡϣ֯һַǳ˵Ϣ·Ѫ֮һͷԻصޡ


1980 ȥʥ
Ѫϱ鲼ƣһ˵Ϣ·ʲô
棬ʲô
Щľ
򿪿
ȻѪڸоȥЩ£ȴĺܲһ㡣
ң⹬ظλãӡԺܷǷ˺Ѳ֪ʲô
ϻҲͷһո˴󵨣ʱûԥʲôϻֱӳѪҹȥ
ʥԣתѪϣһ죬Ϊ֮𶯡
Ȼ˵ԤϣѪޱȼ̣˿Ҳ
Ѫϵйء
н֯һƻ⡣
ЩƵķ룬ϸۿתһһƻӿѪӿȥ
ϼһһ
ϻ
һһ;ϣȷʵܲ
ϻϳʱһӶ
¡һһΣѪ𶯣һѺ۸ֶ
Ѻ۸ֶһʱи˵ĺӺ洫ͬʱҲһӻʥܲǳİ硣
ʱ޶ǲɵöݣ⺮ʥܣǳľˡ
ϼһ
ϻ
ѪϵƺܲھƾõºѾǸ˺ܶ࣬ʱһѹһ̶Щƣϻ߶ѹʹѪϵѺԽԽԽԽ࣬ڹȥʮѪڿķ顣
ʱ䣬һѪѪں·ɽ鱩㣬ʴƬ
һ˶׼ԺʮԶܿЩԸʴʥǿߵѪ
󣬵ֹȥʮЩѪǻɢȥ
һ˳Ѫ֮ȥ󣬵¶ֶݡ
Ѫںһ߸ɿʬϥڵأѾ֪ȥ˶ôƾõ£ܸо΢ʥϢʥ𼶣һʯˣʯϱ鲼Ѻۡ
ʥ飡
ĿǱ鲼Ѻ۵ʯϣһ
ʯϽ֯ϢطĴظһ𣬷ʥ飬ңǷǳһʥ飬ܸоʥɳԿԴﵽͨ쾳߶ȡǣԵǰľȥʥȴЩɱԳǾ
ϣơ

ԣ棬ȷʵһƬƬƣ໥֯¸ӣ֯һͼ̫ǰ㣬һʯ˴һǸɿʬ
ңϣŲٵ龧м
󡣡һϳ󷨣һǾǸɿʬԶ˶٣뵽Щʲôɿʬǿڤڵʼ棿﷢еʥ飬ظڣӡ龧ΪԴ֧ƿأͼȡеʥ
ʥ仹ֻУȴܲǿеֿмҲʹÿڤʼ֮ǰЩѪʥ¶Թ
üȲ롣
ȻԱߣͰ׻Ƕݡ
Ӧþˡ
ϻ
һĻĻĲ²⣬оųϵļʵ
⡭ϧˡ
Ǹɿݵʯˣ̾
Ҳܸоʯ˵ĲɳǸڣȻȴǻδڱŵ£ͱͼȡȺͶԷԿط
ǿϧˣΪʲôöëûһ
ϻ췭ۡ
бϻһۣŵӿڵص׽ӣ̽Ѱܣܾܲһ㣬Ȼʱûио쳣Ȼʥ飬ôͨ

ͻȻһ촫ʯϵѺ۸ˣĹѣо˵ıﴫŰʥܡ
漴һ̣ʯ˳׵ıѣʯһأ¶оſӤȭͷСĴƮţÿһŶ·ʥ۶ɡ
ʥ֮ʥȻδˣȴȫɢȥ۳˾ſʥ飿
Ծ
ֻһ˲ͲµſʥʲôͬʱҲ֮ǰѪںΪλʥӿԭԴſʥ顣
ԱߣͰ׻ԵۣĿ𺳡
ϻ㣬Ҳ֪ſʥʲô˫ĿŹ⣬ֱץȥ
ϻ
֮ǰ̽ѰصŴƬƣʱһֱдƬƹɿİſʥ顣
ϻٶҲܿ죬ʥץ˹ȥסʮ
һʱ䣬ηӿ
ȹɢȥ
Сӣϣ
ϻǰΪǿܶ࣬ȳ֮ǰ̽Ѱһֱڵ£Ȼſʥ飬ֻţŶץ˹ȥ
ͷף
ص̲סЦ
ʥǳÿһŶ̺ŷǳ˵ÿһŶһھ˵ʥأʱһӵõʥ飬ȻǺܸˡ


1981 ظ
ʥ飬ÿһŶзǳֻһžΪС̨׵Ϊûʲô⣬Ͼһ𳬼ʥʥܾۺϡ
Цּ佫ʥȫ׼֮С̫һ
߰ɣͷ
кϻ
طջķǳˣʱ׼뿪ˡ
ĵƣȻúܲһ㣬̽ѰãȴǲûзʲôΪʯʥ飬ĵƺľˡ
£뿪طûñ߳ȥ
¡
ʱڵƬС𣬵տʼѣһһɵĻϢƵ
ǣ
΢΢ɫ
ϻҲǶݣƬС磬Ϊ٣
¡֮ϣƬСӾҵ𶯣Ϣ±ŽԽԽŨ
Ϊ٣˭ڱ
룬üӦǿڤ
ڤϻôܣǿڤڵʼظôὫط
׻⡣
ûʲôܣ֮ǰߣ˴֪סϼһ㽫ڤڵǿȡҲûáڵסǵ£ظڵһУΪãһ㣬ȻԸ⡣ԣԼò£Ϊ˲ǵõұǣֶλٵƬСõѡ񡣡

ôһ׻ɵöݣ⡭
ȥȷʵе
¡
С𶯣ԽӵľˣĹСĵصһĳ
ô죿
ۼ׶
ƬСһʥǿ½һЩԻ٣Խʥ׵ĥ
˿̣ϻѾǻٵˣȾֱǾ
ü¡

˵ţʥͬʱסϻ졢С̫Ͱ׻
ǣϻһ˲ϳʥ򣺡öݻģ
ǡ
ͷ
ƬʥǿݻС类Ϊ٣Ļܿ£ʥͲ϶ԣԶԶС磬ԣȻƬС˿Ի٣ʥҲԻһȫϾСĻɲֱͬӵĻԹʥԵֵ
¡
С𣬱ٵĳ̶ȸˣһѷУ֮ⲻϳ
ֹȥС糹ֱ̮֮ûʮռ䡣
ģһѷ측һС
ʥʥĹĻܣȫСٺĻ֮⡣
ӻ磬ⶼܵס
׻ۡ
ʱʥ֮ڣĿӿȵĻ֮⣬ȻʥĹԣȴȫЩ֮˿Կǡ
¡֮棬Сıٴﵽ׶Σһɹɷ籩
Щ籩üǿܻᱻԶΣա
ʥ˷ԲʮɵķΧԸĻƻȻԽԽǿԱֳʥһֱԭأͺñǷž˵ĺһҴۣȻ뺣ףȴᱻ˸ط
µһ˲䣬ƬСĻ籩ϯһɴĿĹ£¡һʥ޾Զ󱻺󷽵һ޴ѷûֻһ˲ʧӰ١
֮ƬСĻٴֹͣȥƽϢ
ȥСϿȫ˻ҽʲôҲûˡ
һ޴ӣʵر
ǣǴҿڤظĽ֣ҽ̵ظһ𣡡
Զһ޴ɷϣһϽ۵꿴ϿڵķԵñޱȣͬʱҲѿȻǿڤ
ʼظϧˣ壬ǸħĺҲϧˣ
ҧ
֮ǰϻˣѣ»ص֪סϻеıٿ£Ϊ˲ʼظڵı䱻˶ߣҲΪ˱ϻɱ죬ֱֶӱƬ硣
ʱϿڵķʲôҲûˣȷ˶ˣȻЩޣȴܡϾǿڤʼظĶԭΪУĺᣬҲдãЩȴǶٵˡ

Ͽ޾ԶһƬ£һʯʵر
ˣ
ʱطͻȻѿ֧ʥ򣬴ϻ졢С̫Ͱ׻֮бֱӸ˳²ʵʵϡ


1982 ޸
Ƕһ٣
׻ĳ˿ղС٣ʥ򣬸֪ܹסСٺƻЩľģ˿̲㳹װ
ϻ쿴ŵʥĵСӣ԰ôݻʵĴ磬˼֮ǰԤķѵʱҪϲ١
ãҪĶܿѰˡ

˵ţʥڡ
ܻܺһ˼֮أʯܶ࣬ľ١
Сӣ˼ˣҵطչȥС¡
ϻʱ򿪿ڣһ䣬תۼ뿪ٶȷǳ졣
һۣӰʧԶ
ͷܵĻ졣
ɨطһۣҲкС̫Ͱ׻뿪ط
ѰطҲչһ¡
˵
뿪⴦£ܱ߶ԵñȽϻߣúѰһεɽߡ
ȡʥ飬ҽõ龧Ҳһȡ
һʱ䣬ɽ߶ʥܸ֡

С̫Ͱ׻

˷ܣ׻ˣȺתԵĹžâţȡʥ龧
ԱߣС̫ҲתԼһĹžһ龧ʥ顣
΢΢һһϥ£̫ľתԼľһʼ
ˣ
ɫԽ֯龧ʥڵĴ֮һƵ⣬ɿӿڡ
ʱ䣬ľһǳٶ󿪵ˮڹڡ
ͬʱԼʥ𣬽תһ߽龧ʥΪһҲ׳ʥͬʱҲԼ
ʥڿһһƬʣȡ龧ʥʥͬΪ㣬׳ĳɳţɢĵâҲøŨ
ˣʱţתۼ䣬ʱȥ龧ʥȫĹ⡣
ˣ
˵Ĺⶴڽ֯һƬ財
벽۷壡ֻһСܿʾ磬ֱǡأ
ͣʱ̲ס
ˬ
׻Ҳһ˷ܣͬ㣬Ҳﵽ˰벽ʲΡ
ԱߣС̫ŵɫ⣬գգۣҲﵽ˰벽ʾ
һ޴Ľ̶µʱ䣬С̨׵Ϊ
漴һߣϥڵأ΢˫ۣ龧ʥѾϣȴɻ֮У͵âǷǳŨʥ֮ڣԼһ˿˿ϢԿտĵرһЩѿ
ЩѿֵһᣬֻݸðرȴʹͰ׻ݡ
ȻС̫Ҳǵ˵Ĵ۾
Ƭʥ򣬲ʿտˡ
𺳡
֮ǰݻʥ򣬽ֻǺ嫶ѣһƬʣʲôҲûУȴݣһʱ䣬ʥһξ޴ɳ
ʥ֮ڣƺ΢ѿҡڣڳɳ
Ϣ֯ʥ֮ڡ
ҲʱС̫ӿӿ֣һ绺Գ
磿죬ʵСһʱ򻽳ʲô
ѽûУԼܳģ
С̫Ĵ۾ɵĸԲ
ɶԼܳģ
ۡ
Աߣ׻ҲһŹ֮ɫ
С̫ӿȻֻռ˷ԲʮҵĿռ䣬ȥȴ綼Ի˳ֻǹģСԿطܲƣ󲿷Ƿ
ˣ
Գʱʥ΢΢һƹתӿС֮ڣǱһƬ㣬һ̣ڣһƬƬƵؾǽʼϣѾΪĮ򣬾곤
һĻʹͰ׻ֶݣС̫Ĵ۾ֵԶ˼֡
硭ڽʥ޸
Ծ
磬һĹʱսϣǧǰʴС̫ڣС̫Ϊãƽռ䣬С̫Ҫ֮ǳѣҪķѺܴʱС
ǣ룬ʱ羹Ȼ·˶ʶ㣬ȾΪʥԶӿ˳ʥ֮޸
ˣ
ʱһƵʥ׳ɳڹڡ
ԱߣƵһ𶶶пʥ⣬ʥĹһӿ磬ʹٵ޸ңҲһƵʥ
Уʥû˿ų硣
ôоʥ򡭡һͬԴĸо
׻ۡ
⡭үҲָо
Ҳ۵


1983 ֻض
ʥĳɳС̫ڸʥɳ޸ƵĽڻϣʹͰ׻ǲɵ¶֮ɫ
С̫ԼҲǴ۾ɵĹԲ
ˣ
챻ʥƣʥ֮⽻֯һƵѿʥðϢ֡
ʥȱ仯⣬ٶҲ֮øӵĿ١
ңâҲԽӻ񣬸һְһеĺ嫸С
ˣתۼ䣬һʱȥ
һº󣬲Ƶʮ֮һԭٻĵطָһЩĮڸ꣬Ҳεû뵽С̫ڡ
Ҳһ죬𣬽֯һڵл
ⷽɫиһĿһʱӿ֣Ϣǵض£ƺҪر١
׻һ٣۾ˣ
ô죿
ҲԾ֮ǰ컹ֻǴڣֱӿ۾
һ̣ȻٳԾΪʥ̵̫ˣټ龧Լʥɳͷŵϣ۾Ȼ£ϾֻһЩ龧ʥ֮ʹڴﵽ˰벽۷塣
¡
𣬽׹طһ˲úڰսս
ͬһʱ䣬һ˲˫ۣ˹
˲䣬΢ѹԼľ磬ʹתɢ
վʥһ𣬻âҲڡ
ѽ
С̫Ľ˹
Ͱ׻ҲһΧ
԰СӣѾ۾ˡֿڣСһ磬ҲΪʥ֮޸˲١
޸¼򵥺¡
ʹ첻ɵЩԾ֮ǰȫ²
£û̫ȥ룬ֻ֪Ϊʥ֮ʼ޸һ£֮ʥĳɳ˵ȫָ
ҸߵĵطҶ۽١
׻С̫
طŲ飬ɽ٣Ầ顣
£׻С̫뿪պѰһ֮ء
ȫǸڣûκ̣ݶһꡣ
ԶһЩ
׻С̫׼۲Σɹ١
Сӣûʲô׼ֱӾͶɽ٣ʲôɣ
ʵ
ģû⡣

׻С̫˳ȥԶûԥֱֿ۾
̼䣬׹һкʣϢֱ֡
¡¡ģѪɫһһн֯һ֮С

վڸм䣬ͷŲϵ٣ƽ
з·Ŷʶ㣬ֱӱѪɫ׹¡
һ޴Ϊһ׷
⣬Ϣɱ۷۶ûʲôˣ
Զɵö£죬ɵ¶ǵı顣
׻С̫ˣ֪ǿ󣬿ɼµ׹죬ɻǲɵõġ
ձһ˲Ƭת۶ѣһ׷ֱ䵽ͷϿա
ҲǸӦ׷Ŀ£ȴûаη壬ֱӻȭ
ˣ
һӶȭһ׷ķ顣
⣬һȭ͸
ԶͰ׻ǵۡ
ǰµĵһ׷۷ۣȻһȭͱķ顣
սίʵǿ¡
վģͷŲϣǳƽ
ۼ׷ǳֲϾֻǵһ׷ѣѲס

Ųϵ׷
仰䣬¡¡ģ𣬵ڶ׷ֱѹ䡣
󣬵׷׷ס׷׷ڰ׷͵ھ׷Ⱥ£Ϣˡ
޾壬תĵ֯ʥҲһߺһǿƥ⼸ֿµ׷Ը
֮ǰΪӵԭٱñǰ£׾ҲԶɹ׷СӻʥȻʹٵֿһЩʥҲܾˣ˫Сڵֵ֮Ϸࡣ

䣬һ̶ըʮ׷˳
һǿգһſǳûƺѹС
һ׷֣ٵ˲䷢һִʱ䣬Ϣ̫̫࣬ʹøոշ˿̵״̲סɫͱ䡣
ͬʱ׻С̫Ҳݡ
֮ǰľ׷Ҫ࣬⡭׻ɫСӴ˿̵սܵס
ǿԸо˿̵ս״ʥӦǰ׷ѾЩˣٲȻھ׷쵱ǰܹܵĻޣ˿̵ĵʮ׷ͻȻ֮ǰľ׷ֲôֱ࣬ӵ
챾ȴǺƽ
˿̵սȷʵǿʮ׷ǣֶΡ
Ųѹµĵʮ׷΢ֻضת
䣡
̼䣬⣬ⱩǣֱĲϵƶΪ֮¡


1984 εħ
ֻضΪΪķǧΪɶȹٶֻرԴȫϣһ뿪ʮһתڱֻ̼ǾǣʵʮĲ񷶼Ϊ֮Ҳ
Ųѹĵʮ׷һҲоκһ˿ѹ
ûйڸӵĶֻ̧֣һȭŲȥ
ˣ
·һʥı죬ȭطضΪ֮£һĿȭ˲ϢһУԲѹĵʮ׷˲ϢǱķ顣
һĻֱԶͰ׻ɫС̫Ҳֵɴۡ
⣬СӣϢͻȻʮң
ôģûʹʲôսı
Ͱ׻סˣֻ֪ضĴڣ֮ǰǿֲĵʮ׷ѹ£һܽŵӣΪ쵣ǣȴ룬ͻȻǰ㱩ǣֻһȭͻ˵ʮ׷
䣡
ϣɫкʣ׹Ѫɫ˿˿ƵĽ֯ƶˡ
ʮ׷٣з·һϴŭˣ̶ٶ𣬵ʮһ׷ѹ䣬ϰ˻ġ
ʱʩչֻضʥҲһϣһĹۡʮһ׷û˿η塣
֮ͬǰǰ㣬һΣֻǼ򵥻ȭת۱ǽ׷顣
øӿ񱩣һһ׷䣬һֱһֲֿ
ֻضǿսʥ֮սǿļ£һʥݣһһֵ׷顣
ܿ죬ʱȥӰ飬ⳡ췣ɢȥ
СӣȫԼȹ۽٣ѾҪСһˣҡȻôɡ
̲סۡ
ǵǰ漸ʱǳļѣҪС̫ܿȥȴȫҪˣ׾پͶȹⳡ췣
ͬʱɣ֮ǰͻȻӵսô£ôͻȻǿģ
ˣ
ɢȥջָܿ죬߲ɫƸֶ
߲һһʱɫ£С
֮ΰ
ûԥֻضת̫ľʼɺЩ߲ԣԴԼѪ⣬ͬʱ֮ĸȹ̡
ˣʱܿȥϵ߲ƽɢȥ
⣬һƣ顣
ȭоԼ˿̵ǿǼ᲻ɴݣӼڵӻǿͬԴҲøЩ
ã
һĨâ
Ϊսʥ֮³ͨ۾Եס
ǽֻضתһʥԼ򵥵Ŀһ
΢΢һĹ⻪㣬úͨûʲô
ҲʱС̫Ͱ׻˹
Сӣϲﵽ۾ڣЩ죺ղŵսͻȻǣô£
Աߣ׻С̫ҲǶ½Էǳĺ档
ԴȻû򵥵ĽһֻضͬʱһֻضɽʹͰ׻𺳣С̫Ҳ⡣
ֻضʮսֻضɽٱս⣬ǡֱˣȥʮǻع̲ס̾治¹ȻıԴôʥ
Ȼͬһͬʱתȴתֻضʩչֻضɽϣʹֱٱսʲô
ٱսͨʿٱսҲκͬһ󾳽ڳˣοֻ壬ٱսԺ޵С
ϧʥֻ¹ҪҲǸöá׻̾Ϣ죬˫۷Ź⣬˴צӣҪҲֻرԴҲڴ
ԣҲǰһһֻצУү޳ɣ
бǣûĵ
ۼ췣֮£طѾưܵĲӣ΢кС̫Ͱ׻뿪
ն𣬺ܿгɡ
ȻҲʱ䶯ݣŲһֹƫͷѾٳһƬڵĶλÿȥ
ôСӣ
ʵ
׻С̫Ҳ
Ķ
ı䷽򣬺ܿڵĶλãطĵص׿ȥ
ӱ仯ʱ˿ֱӵصףǶݡ
棬ʲôⶫ
׻ı飬̲סʵ
ͷ۽֯ƹ⣺ɸʴΪεħң׳


1985 ݷÿڤ
εħƵĶڣ۶ɣεħؼۻͻ֮۶ɣͨħºܶࡣ
εħմȾһ㣬ͻʹʿΪܵ𻵡
ʱۣĿ⿴ŵصףŵƽ֯ķʽƿһЩ㣬תۼ¶·ںѪɫһδ
δһɫѪɫĹ⽻֯ʹÿɵò¡
⣬
ݣɵö£һʱһɾ㤸С
Աߣ׻ҲˣͬС̫̲ס¡
СӣǸϽԶһЩɲʲôö
׻ܹоεħĿ£ʥ˼ǿմȾ϶õù
ʲôȻʲôöôǺܴġ

˵⻰ŵ׽֯ƣһƵûصףӿεħ
һĻͰ׻Ƕݡ
Сӣ
ۣƺҪεħ
ȡߣá

ʱۣһƹ⽻֯УŵиӶŵص׵εħӿȥ
Ҫȡʥ˵Ϊܸʴ׻ļ£ңȡʲôã
õʲôΪȡȻ򵥣԰õʲôãҲûʲôȥݷ¿ڤڡ
ڤɱҪѹС̫ǵУ񣬿ڤϻˣΪѾʥΣڤǿҲʥ˲ζѣҲ࣬ΪǿڤظʱһʥǿѾ˺ܶࡣ£﷢һԸʴʥΪεħڵһʱһ⣬Ҫεħȥڤһˣû˿ڤ
ȥڤڣ롭Ըڤ
¶ɫһ¾ͲµĴ㡣
׻С̫Ҳ뵽һ㣬ǲ졣
ԣ
ͷ
ڤʲôط֮ǰʹϻ죬λòңԶźķѸʱܵεħȡһЩ⴦ֱӱ㳯ſڤڵλöȥ
ŵףƲӿһС֯εħâ֮⣬ڡ
ˣһۣյʱȥ
պһ죬εħ鲼ƣ޾ݻͼεħѹСһץС
桭ץ˳
׻£дҵεħâɵЩļ¡
Ͼⶫʥ˼ǿߵΪ𻵣ʱ㱻ѹץУ뿴ţȻһĲĸо
н֯΢⣬һμ䣬εħ
׼һЩɸεħϢƷǰڤڡ
طụ̂ԭؼת̻ܸεħƷϾ֮ȥڤڣһõεħâǵεħһɢʱȥƿأԵǰ׼ܸǵħĶ֮ͷεħʱƷһ˻סõʱȥɵεħ
ˣתۼչȥöƷεħϢʵ飬ȫԸöƷ׻С̫Ǵá
漴·ֱӳȥ
ٶȺܿ죬֮תۼǰʱš
ºһ죬ǰһƬɽȺھжɽÿһɽ϶һɸ󣬸һɻԻ͵ĸоһɷǳϢ֯һɸ䣬Ҳ֪Щɸ󾿾˶ôƾõ¡
ˡ
лһĨâ
ǿڤڡ
ȥСӣû⣿
ʵ
εħܸʴʥ˼ǿߵΪʥ˼ǿڶʱսȽͣʧȥжƾһڤڣһĸо
õʲôû⡣ڤڤЩĻȫߣʱڶʱڶܴﵽʾ߶ȣܴﵽ۲ҲһϾһʥǿĴŵڣԴԲܻ١
ô˵ԭЩĵʱǰһֱӽ֮ǰĵ׵⡣
Ϊ˱ԴΪΪ壡ɵڤϲģտڤڣ
߬צӵ
壡
׻Ҳڣ˫۷Ź⣬һΪᵽԴ˷
ΨС̫ûʲôӦǰĿڤڣʱգգۡ
ߡ

׻Сֱ̫ĳڤͥȥ


1986 ̧ѹ
ڤȺɽ֮䣬ɺΰƣǧ֮ơ
׻С̫һͥȥǵһʱ䱻ڿڤͥһЩڤʿ֣󵱼ǰ
ʲôˣ
ͥأʱǰѯʣЩĮ
ɢޣݷǵĿڤ
쵭Ц
ѯʵļ£¶ɫҽ̵εݣʲô˶ܰݷõģȥ򣬰£
ǲٶ˵ʲôɫ𶯣һɽɫ籩ֱӺᵴ
ʱǰȳѯʵڤȫɡ
ΪǴﵽ۾ΣڤͥطصļӣҲֻǲɼΪУ͸Ŀûʲô
Ҷ֣󵨣
֪ͨǣ
ĿڤӼһĻ־ŭû뵽˸ǿڤͥǰһ˳֣Ҫǿǿڤڣ
£Уֱڤ֮ڣźԶʹǿš
һʱ䣬ڤ֮ڣһڵӳϽǶŭ
ǿҽ̣

ѹʬ
һڵĿڤڵӺȵ˶ͥڵķȥ
컹ڿڤ֮˿ڤһʿȴûκα仯ŵЦۼѹ֯Ǹ֮ͥĿڤڵӣС̫Ͱ׻ֱڤڡ
ʼһڤڣ˵һʱоԶУ·ĺУ̹ͨ
ǣ
ŵĶѹ£
ڤһڵӳ嵽ˣ֪ǿڤڵľˣֱһȺ˳ɱԻ
һȺǿҲ񼶵ʿ͸ôǵˣ
ڣ˫һ𣬻һо磬ֱӽһ˸ȫɡ
벽ʣ
벽ʶѣҴҽ̣
һЩڤʿΪûʲô仯ɱԶȳ⣬ȴ˳ȥϾЩʿǿҲ
ǺȳһˣԭصţԼһִºͳϳ֡
ִºͳϣۼϵĴڡ
ǿڤһ
ʱڣͬʱ΢ѹƵҵεħ£ֱûڤڵصס
˵⻰ʱĲû˿ͣ٣ſڤڸĴλȥ
ڤһʿǰߣĿɭȴǺˣΪܹоǿ񼶵ΪȥԻѡ
ͽ
ȺʮӰ֣⽻֯ܣۼǿߣΪڤڵһȺִ¡
£
һͷִ¿ڣ£ִ¶֣ûӡѹ졣
ӡ֯âѹնΪ֮Ť
Ųûʲôͣ٣򵥻֣⻯˵ֱӽӡ顣
ͬʱֱִֵӿѪȥԶ
һĻʹطһЩڤڵǳԾղŶִֵ¿һۣȴȻһ˦͸˺ɡ
ǲ򵥣Ҳֻ۾ΪҲҵҿڤڷ
÷ϻ̫࣬һֱ֣ѹ¡
ʮִУ˿ڣʮ˸Լͨѹ졣
ʮˣԴ۲Σǿһˣ۷塣
ʮһ֣磬ֱܡ
ıɵĮûʲô仯֣Ƭɽ
͵ģʮִ¼ܵһʱǱķ顣
ͬʱһɰʮϣʹʮһɡ
⡭
ִ´ǣһ˲ȫ
ôܣ
طһڿڤľ
ʮ۾ִһ֣Ȼɱּ̧ĺɡ
ıûʲô仯ſڤȥ
һ̣ŲֹסͣǰĲ֮ϡ
ǸطʮӰ֣ǰޱȣеʥơ
ʥ
쿴Ⱥˣһ˲俴Щ˵Ϊûʲô仯
һڿڤڵͨʿЩˣд񣺡μϣ
ǣǿҽ̣һЩͬǺִǣˣ볤ѹ
˵ָ죬ŭͺ⡣
ֵʮ˾ڲϣʥ۰㸩죬䡣
һ˿ڣĵҿڤԴδ˸ҡ
ϻ̫ˡ쿪ڣֱӴĻǵҡ
ƽʹÿڵʥĿʱøӱ
ۣôſ񣡡
䣬ڵʥֱӶ֣ʥӿʥӡץ졣


1987 ѹһʥ
ʥȣӿ֯طΪ֮Ť
ʥӡʮռȫ
һʥòڲǰˣ񣬻һЩ
ӭһûκα仯Ե÷ǳƽ
΢޾Ƶεħֱڿڤڵص±
ʱڤΪ֮ҲѣһƵİںͰħֱӵص׳ת۱Ǳ鲼ڿڤڸ䣬ڤתۼǱȼӺںͺħǣմȾһһڤڵĵӡ
ʲôҽ̵صô֮
طһڵĿڤڵӶʱɫоħĲ顣
һ̣Щ˶Ⱥ
ҵΪáòˣ
ҡҲǣǡħйأڸʴҵΪ
תֵ
ӴУž֣ϾΪʿԿޱҪģʱΪͻȻ󽵣ڱʴʹЩпֻš
ͬʱڤڶֵʥʥӡɢ·һ㱻ڻ
󣬶ֵʥʥҲ΢Եص׳εħմȾʥǱûȽһǳ˵ٶȿ
ģҽ̵صײʲôôҽ̵ص׶ֽţ
ЩʥŭңҲЩš
첻˵ʲôֻǴŵЦ
ڤڵصŸغʹ֯ŷǳ˵ʥػҪȥЩʥƣֻǽεħȽǳһЩĵصף漴ըѡεħֱӳرڤס
ſڤĴ׻С̫Ǹطȥ
Լ䣬Ѿо˿ڤϢλĴһ֮ڡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ𣬼Ÿȥ˲䣬֮ڳߵӰһϽۣȻǿڤԱ߼ǿڤͼ̫ϳϡ
ô£
ڤڱչˣȴлǵħʹıչܵӰ죬òء
Աߣڤһļ̫ϳҲǴźŭ⣬ǵȻħʹǵΪܵ˾޴Ӱ졣
Ӵּˡ
ֹסŲ̧ͷϣĿڿڤϣ΢΢
ڤɫһ䣺㣡û
֮ǰ˿ڤʼµС磬ըʲôҲûʣ£ȷţӦöѾ˲Ŷԣȴ˻졣
ǿûôЦղʲô·
˵ţ֮ȥ

ҽ˵
֮ǰֵʮʥϿڣʱȻΪΪңȻ¶⣬ңҵҲɱ⣬ʮֱȫˣ볯ץȥ
һ֣Щ˱ֶݣķԼ˵սڶ̶ʮȻǽ˼࣬ʱ򣬾ȻѾۼʵԷӳ
鲻䣬ۼӿһɷ籩ֱӽһɡ
ǣ
һͨĿڤΪԼΪļ£ɼһĻȴǲɵһһʥϣʱ򣬾Ȼ˲ͱȫɨɡ
С̫Ͱ׻죬Ȼһ֪εħܼմȾϵʿʵһմȾϺʥ֮µˣʵ࿰۲ΣʱۼһĻ콫ʮմȾεħʵ󽵵ʮʥɨɣȴɻǲɵ¶ݣһĻʵЩˡ
ڿڤڵεħǲ⣬ΪǰƸƷ壬еεħȫΧ
ʱǸڤҲǸݡ
εħۻǣܹʴʿΪǵʵҲˡʴֻʱԣǵΪ֮󻨷ʮµʱ䣬ԽЩεħĥʱΪ»ָ
ڤͼ̫ϳü
һԭʥ˼Ϊʱʵȴֻۼ
һߣΪڤһĵھ̫ϳϣʱ۷壬Ҳѹˡ˵ţ˳ſڤ΢΢һ񣺡ԵƬ̣ȥ򡭡
ﬣ
һɫĽâնٶȿ켫˵Ļֱӹؿڡ
һʱ䣬ѪɫĽĿġ
һĻʹÿڤ̫ϳϽԱɫھ̫ϳϾΪεħΪʱˣҲ۷弶ȴͱһᴩӦΪֻ۳ڶѣ۳ôǿ
ڤһΪǿĿڤҲǶݣΪ۾ڵ죬ʱ򣬾Ȼܹ׵Ļ۷ˣһȻܳԾ
һ̣Ӻɫֶñ
ŵĻ̴Ҳܵεħʴʱ޷һϡ
ڤڣڤԼļ̫ϳһ֡


1988 ߲񽣶ʥӡ
ſڤڣ£ڤһ̫ϳͬʱˡ
¡¡ģֲͬͨһʱȫѹ졣
ſڤڵεħһʱ䶼Ϊ⼸ͨĴɢ١
ӭż˵Ĺıȴ˿䡣

ƽ
ЩˣΪεħĹϵΪʴսǿҲֻܷӳۼʵۼֻǰĺܴ
̧֣Ƭ⽻֯һܺ˵ȥ
һʱ䣬˼ͨȫ飬ҸĿѪɡ
⣬⡭
һĻһһͨӽĲ
ԼһԼ̫ϳϣܴ˿Ϊεħսֻ۷弶𣬿վ۷ʱʥǿߣΪݵĵ䵽۲ΣսҲԲͨ۷ۿɱȣԶͨ۷ǿɴ˿̣ȴȻתۼ䱻һɣһĻЩˡ
ͬʱɵĿڤסΣ޸壬ɫѿ־ŭս֮ǿŭڣÿڤһ˺̫ϳϣԭʥ˼Ϊɴ˿̣ΪεħʱȴȻһۼĺ󱲻ĿѪɣʵ̫ڶ
Ķ
˽߬ȭͷĿøɭⱦâ֯Ҫ֡
ˡڤڣĿϣǸӱ䣺ϵǲ򵥣۳ڶѣȻܷӳȲεܲ
˵ţڤɽȺһӡ˳֯ޱ˵ԣϿ˸ķӡ֯˵ʥϢ
ʥ
ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬׻ҲݣһʥܿǷǳֲġ
ӡ֯޾ʥâڿڤͷ
½緢£ʼظڷ£Ͻ֮£һ㣡
죬ڤ
½ʱһ걻˼裻ʼظʱϻһΪϻĹϵˣҪǧʱ޸ңʼظڵһжߣҲͷϣǴڤˣɱȻŨ˼㣬Ŀⶼò
¡
ͷӡ𶯣ʥԽ֯ʮֱѹ졣
ҽ̵ĵʥ
ѹˣ
֮ǰᵽסҽ̵ЩۻεħʴΪ͵ֻʱԵģ֮ķһЩʱ䣬ָܻɳ״̬ǲõģڣúÿαڸ
һͨĿڤڵӶ죬ŭݣҲк⣬ͬѾڿһ߱ʬ塣
Ҳʱ֯ʥԵıӡһͷѹ¡
ɱ㣬ʳǸͷºҪ
ڤ
ʥӡѹ䣬ʮռΪ֮Ť
о˵ѹʥıڿڤУܿڤ˿ֻܷӳ벽ʥΪʵȴҲȫܵסϾǿһʥı
ֻǣıȴû˿ı仯΢߲ʹ⽻֯ʶеֱӻûֱһն¡
ﬣ
âһն£貵߲ʽâᴩããա
Ľֱӷʮһ̣âڿڤڵʥӡϡ
һʥӡֱӱɡ
漴Ĵ촫һѺʥӡϸֶԵЩĿ
̼䣬ڤֱɫ䡣
㡭
Ŀʱе߲ϣ˫ĿɵõɴˣҲû뵽ϾȻһǿıУȻڤڵĵʥ
ңһײ֮£ʥһѺۣ
ͬһʱ䣬һڤͼ̫ϳҲǱɫһ
Ǳ
һͨĿڤڵҲǴԭΪԼһʥӡϾҪѹˣȴ룬־㣬ϾȻűʥҪʥ
׻С̫죬û뵽ʱֻˡ
񣬻ԽԽˡ
ۣ̱˷Ϊʶе߲񽣿ޱȣܾʹãȻǴ£ܰ׽鷳
ƽ߲񽣣߲Իϣʹ߲ۡ㡣
ڤǰһУȻԿڤʥĴڣʥᱻεħʴʼʿʥҲвۼ֪һ㣬Ȼ̡Ϊ۲κʶڵ߲һֱڻԾ״̬ڤʱԽ֮
߲񽣵ƷԲֹʥΣԴۼΪټεħܽڤ˵Ϊȫѹ䵽ʥ£һڤʥҲȫɵۺȫѹƿڤڡ
˵գˡ
ſڤƽ߲񽣣һն


1989 ʥӶ
߲Խֻ֯򵥻һ̼ò
Ľâֱĳſڤնȥ
ڤʧɫû˿ԥԵǰֻʣµİ벽ʥʵȫ߶Լһʥӡӭϡ
߲ʽâת˲ʥӡײһ
ǲ
һ죬ʥӡֱӱᴩ
߲ʽâƲֱĹڤţ֮
ʥѪ䳤ա
ô᣿
ڤһɫˡ
һǿʥȻ׾ͱһᴩһһǿ棬ҲǱһš
Ͱ׻ҲǶݣٴΪ񽣵ǿľС̫Ҳ⣬ʥǰҲǲһ
״̬һϵ켶£űʥӡǵۣСӣע㣬һʥֵǷǳһ㣬ٵˣ
֪
ͷ
Ŀڿڤϣ߲䣬ƽŶԷȥ
ˣҪΪ˳öԷϻʵնԷ
ӭڤɫɭѿһۼʿȻôһʥǿߣ̬ŭܡ
ǵʥȫһ֣
Կڤͼ̫ϳϵ
ǣ棡
ڤ˵һڶǿıǽ֯ʥ
ΪʥˣǴڵǿߣʥ˼ʱȫӿʥطƣϢЩˡ
ʥκβң༸ʥ˼ıΪת棿
쵭
˵ţ߲񽣣һ
וּһ߲𶯳߲ʽâһ߲ʽ꣬ᵴȥ
һʱ䣬ģȴʥĿڤ⣬ڤȫĺɣʥ˼Ҳһɨɣһɽ
̫ϳǣ
һһͨĿڤڵӼһĻ
ıûκα仯һɽļʥ˱ֱ̧֣Щʥ˼˱δվĿ϶תرץЩ
ϣҶᱦ
𣬿ڤ֣ʥӡ߶ĸǿһγѹȥ
һֱע߲񽣣򵥵һն
וּһ߲ʽâɶֱӽڤָĺɡ
ͬʱתرڤ˵ʥ˼ץУֱ߲֮ӽڱϵ˵ľӡĨ⼸ڱȫԼڡ
ʥ˱һӵ˼׬ˣ
ԵЩ˷ܡ
ڤ˵ɫǱ÷ѿӵľŭǵʥ˼Ȼ˲䱻ˡ
Ķ
ڤŭ̲סֱӳ죬ûʥɱ⣬ͷ­ץȥ
ɨһۣе߲һ𣬶ʱٴθɡ
Ŀ⣬䵽ڤϣŶԷȥ
߲񽣱У΢к˵ĽӿһһӰת˲ڿڤǰ
ﬣ
죬񽣣ſڤ£նա
ڤתʥӡȫ⣬ȴ˲ͱĺԶ
ͬʱʥӡֶһѺۣſڤһ𱻵ɡ
̧֣رת߲񽣵תۼ佫ڱӡȡУ߲֮ϵ˵ľӡһ˲Ĩһɶ
ڤסΣʥӡᣬͬڤ㾪ŭϣ
ͨâţסκһʱ졣
ԴˣֱӾһ
һ֮ǰļҪǿ˲ɱͨʥ
ۣ
߲ʽڤķ飬Ѫˮͬһ䡣
һδɱڤѪ䶯ܿ¾۳
Ȼûʥǿߡ
΢Щ⣬ڤϻ˵ļأϱεħմȾԷӳ벽ʥʵ£ۼΪ߶߲񽣷Ŀնʥһ֮£
ڤŭһ󱲣һΪԶ͵ĺ󱲣ʱ򼸴Ȼ̬˵ͬۻڸ
ޱܣ߬ȭͷ
ţ
գ³ôֱ֣ӻһ⣬ſڤ֮Ӷȥ
ȻŶ޾ɱ⣬ȴҲǷǳԼ˿̵״̬ڤڵҲǳ߲񽣵Ķ֣濹⣬ֻ£ֻܲлĻᡣ
ԼٶžԵţΪһ׷ǳԭ۷״̬ΪʥΣʱȻΪ˰벽ʥԼʥĻۣٶϣͨʥ
ԲͨʥٶţֻۼΪ׷׷ôһ֣Ҳû˿á
ͷеĽ鱾Уйصˣδ
ɭƮڿУٶȼ죬˲ǿ޾Զ


1990 նɱʥ
ڤٶȿľˣֻһ˲Ϳ˿ڤڵķΧ
ٶȣԱȵʥˣ׻ݣϻֻܷӳ벽ʥʵٶȴô죡
ͬһʱ䣬ڤһڵӼһĻΪ֮һ
ˣȻ
ЩڤڵĵţǿˣȻʱˡ
쿴Ŀڤ鲻䣬ֻǸЩ
һ̣ˣֻضתʮʵ˲ǲ˷·һ˲Ƭؼʧˣһ̱ǳڿڤ֮⡣
ٶȡ׻ۣȻϻ켸
˲䣬Ѿ˺Զֱӽڤ¡
㡭ôܣ
ڤʧɫٶȣԲۿԱȵϲŶԣڣۣȴת۾׷
ǰƽĮ˵ˣգĽ֣
Ż䣬е߲žԵɱն¡
ﬣ
̶Ľʮ죬һаɳ߲ʽ۶ն񷡣
ӭԵһڤɫұ䣬̲סУסס
ۣ
߲ʽն£һѪը̼С
һʱ䣬طһӰࡣ
٣ϻһͼɱǣѹС̫͵óѡ֮󣬻ɼ½׷ɱСӣ߸ϣ³ɣ
Ц
ڤڣһʿǸĸ
ôܡ
ˣȻ
վ޸ƵĿڤˣпڤڵĵȫɫ
һʱǿߣȻ㱻նˡ

ڤ߬ȭŭޱȡ
ԭһʵޱǿʥĿڤ򣬿ǲǰڤⴴʵ󽵣ûʥʵһЩǿߡ
ͼ̫ϳϣԭʥ˼Ϊڻػ󣬵ǣȴεħΪʹ˶޷ӳ۷սػҲʴʱеǿȫûܹӳͷβʵԶǵѹƣһһǿ涼նˣȽǱûһܹܣȫŭ
ƿ𣬿ڤ֮⣬ƶתۼ̤ڤڡ
ӣ
ŭ𣬿ڤ˹еŭɱ졣
ͬһʱ䣬һļ̫ϳҲһɱ⡣
ǿڤڴ޾£񣬾Ȼһۼʿ⣬ǣȴȻˣ£Գܣ÷ˡ
üһ˲߲ٴ
Ȼȫǡ
˵߲ն¡
ֻɱڤ˳ȡ˿ڤڵԴȣûɱˣ򣬴һͥѾдƬĿڤڵӲֻܵпڤһ˱նɱڣˣ⼸ɱѾˣʵףŹǣȻɱǾն
וּһ߲ɱâѹ䣬һʱ佫ڤȼȫǡ
ĽֱѹС

ѪŲҽըֻһ˲ѣڤͼ̫ϳȫն顣
ͬһʱ䣬һΣ˵ҲδɱӶ߲£ĥһɶ
һΣڤڳһڿڤڵͨϣִº͵ǣֹ֣סĶ
ƫͷĿɨڤڵһʿ˶٣ڵģ뿪ģ¡
⻰һڤڵһʿǲһһ̣һʿ붯ˣȫſڤ֮ȥٶҲ֪ƽռ˶١
ʱЩ˶컰е˼ɱ䣬ֻҪ뿪ڤڣͻǶ֣ԴˣЩﻹɵɵϾԼһ桢̫ϳ϶ˣҲĶ֣£ɵɵûκ壬סмֵ¡
ವģƿ˷ʮпڤڵӡִºͳϣȫ뿪˿ڤڣ˸Զķ򣬺ܿǶʧ˵ҰС
ܵĻ졣

׻ۣܲ㣿
û⣬ĿɨڤڵһЩرĵطһۻ챦
⻰Ͱ׻ǰ


ڤڴ޾£ʼ洦ʥ𼶱ЩĻ۾ԺܷĵһΣֽһγգ֮Ϊ


1991 ͥǿɱ
ڤڤһһ̫ϳȫնĿڤͨϡִº͵ȫߣټĿڤһʱԵ÷ǳİ
ǹ󰡣µͥطһǡ
ĵ
û˵ʲô׻С̫ߵڤ֮ڣһһر⣬úȡ䡣Уʥ𼶹žһʥıǧڣһЩıĵر龧٣ֵνˡ
ˣ
׻˫۷Ź⣬ˮû
ڤռ챦С̫ڼ̵ʱڴﵽʾ߶ȡ
ߡ

ڤڵһбȫȡߣС̫Ͱ׻ϲ񷣬𣬴Ŀһһ£ʮ󣬽ڤڵɽ͹ŵȫķѡ
ټĿڤڣתۼ仯档
̳Եرɨ˻ĿڤһۣС̫Ͱ׻뿪ûñǿȥԶ롣
󣬴¹ȥʱʱ䣬һ˽뵽һȽͨɽ
ƬɽѰһǳεĵطӡһһ󷨣ԿڤȡһЩܹΪķǷĵرȫȡ
²ݡꡢӰƵ¶࣬ػµ˶ãӦöܴﵽ۷Ρ
Щĵرͱܶ࣬ȴҲԲ٣һѣȫȡŵ׻С̫ǰ

˷׻С̫һתžЩͱ
һʱ䣬ֲһıط֯ߵľǷɿ
쾲վһߣΪǻ
ˣһۼ䣬¹ȥ
һº²ݡꡢӰƵ¶ͷػ׻С̫ϣߵΪǴͬԤϵǰ㣬Ǵﵽ۷Ρ
ˬ̫ˬˣ
׻̶µʱ䣬С̫һ󾳽硣
ȻҲǼѣңξΪ֮ܶյˣȴѾҪﵽ۾߶ˣһ룬ֱһΰ㡣
ΨС̫ûô˷ܣ۾һգһգģȻѾôˣɻӡ
ʱָɳֱΪһһһܣʥ˼ı֮ǰӿڤᵽʱȡС̫Ͱ׻һ
һЩžòϣԺͥȥ
Цŵ
Щ챦ͥͥսֽһξ仯

ͷԽ֯ӡطһĨ׻С̫뿪
ܿ죬һ߳ȥԶڹȥʱһʮƬɽȺ
ǽȥģ
׻
룬һЩȽϳĵطʥɳ
ʥĳɳҪܣҪʥɳǷǳҪġ
磬кҪһ缳ȡʹʥٳɳΪʥݻǳݻʥܴеõҪǿɺˡ
ĵطһ㣬Ҽʿʡ
ﬣ
̶ХصͻأĻ
Զһâնޱȣǿʥʹһ˶Ƕݡ
һʱ䶯֣̫ľתɫ׻С̫ƳȥǧԶܿһƫͷŽâնķȥ
ߵӰ֣Լʥͬĺɫӡ
ҵˣǼйصˣ
ѹǣֱѰʶҳǼ˵ټʧʯ
ӱ䡣
ǰʱ䣬ʩչеͰǼйأѾǴطֲ֪ͥɳǿ׷Ѱ˱ͥǿߡ
˿̣Ȼ˵ΪǿҲۼҲʱͬʱ֣һѹ˹ΪǼйصˣǣĸϵǵõһʱѹ¡
һ˵ĻȻһ˲Ʋ˵ңҲͨ⽻֯ŵϢ˵Ϊʥ졣
Ҳʱ¡¡ģֱѹ˽ǰ߹ʥȫա
׻С̫תۼԱʥѹƣ嶼ʹ
ıȴ˿Ҳûб仯ȫûмɵ
漴һ̣΢һڱӡڳܼ֯ƣһʱɢʥѹĴ߶ӭˡ
ǣ
ʥʥı
ѹ߸ͥʥڵһʱɫͱ䡣


1992 ۷ʥ
ʥһʥѹƵʹͥ߸ʥǱɫ
ǴʥΣΪ߳ܶ࣬ۼΪʥıǵȴҲԲʥԵֵˡ
ˣ
Умһ˳ٺˣֱѡȥٶȷǳ졣
漴ʥҲһˣʱʱ·ߡ
쿴뿪ıӰֻضת˲ʮսٶҲʮǲתۼˡ
Ȼˣûߵĵ
ƽʥӡֱѹ䡣
¡һʮյһʱ̮ˣסʮս߶ʥ
ͥ߸ʥȫ֣ʥӿһӭϡ
ȻȴǸסʥתۼǱʥıӡѹ顣
󣬱ӡʥâĽ˸ĺɣһǴڿѪ
ʮǲٶȷǳˣתۼںɵϡ
ûκζĶ𶯱ӡֱѹ䡣
ۣ
һ˱ӡУըΨһ걣ɿԶݡ
ƽԱӡ߶콣һ貽âնꡣ
˲¶֮ɫɶݵٶȱǿ˼֡
Ľâٶȸ죬תۼնǰֱ

ҽ˵걻ᴩš
ͥʥһĻ־ŭȻǺǼйϵˣҵͥʿҲɱ֣
һɱңɱǣάűӡѹȥ򣬲ҪʲôͥɱˣⲻǵһΡ
㡭ſĶ
ɫѿ
ſΣҧң
ƽ
ʥӡʮӵս£ʥ⣬һѹ¡
¡һϢʮռ䣬ֱӽȫ¡
һʱ䣬۵ļͬʱɡ
̧֣ӡѹ䣬ײһϣײ
Ϊ۾ΣʵԶԸ벽ʥټʮӵսǺͨʥһսҲȫ顣ս֧£ʩչһʥıսԺͳʥ˶Ծˣ۷ʥͲܵס״̬µ
ﬣ
ӡ𶯣ٴ֮ʩչ콣ܼ콣âٴ֡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۼ䣬˱ᴩԳʥӡڵʥ
תۣ߸ͥʥʣһˡ
˲ǰֱԱӡ֮ѹʹԷԶ
Ǿ˶ߵʯܿһڵһʯţǵʯźʲô
ʵ
⣬ûüʹϻ죬ϼһȴǲ֪ãͥӦ֪һЩ
֪֪Ҳ㣡ͥʥη壬ȴҲǷǳӲҧˣҪ⣬ͥǿ׷ɱǾŸˣ⸽һʥһܿܲǶᡭ
졣
һȭ˸˺Ļϣʹ˴ڿѪ
漴һƱԴֱû˵ʶУ֪¡
תۣʮʱȥıԴջأʥıӡѹ䣬ֱӽ
ôѵʲôˣ
ǰʵ
ҡͷͥʥȷʵ֪Ǵŵڵʯźʲô
֪ͥڣֻʥϵǿ֪һЩǷʯŵ¡
˵
ʥ׻죬Ǳڻòղǻ⸽һͥʥţǽѹǸʥʣǾܵá
ѹʣõ
ͻȻһĮϰ׻Ļ
Զһ֣߳һʥѹӿˡ
ʥΣ
쵱ݣ֮ǰǸͥʥ⸽һͥʥܿᷢǣû뵽ʥתۼͳˡ
ߣ
ͳֻضתʮʵӣ֮߶ǲ׻Сֱ̫ӳԶȥ
һʥǿߣԲܿ⣬㻽ʶеҲãΪ̫ˡ
ο˿Ѿûа취ٻǱ񽣡
ʮʵӵٶȼ죬С̫Ͱ׻תгԶ
ʥĮһ˲ǳһֱ֣̽ȫ¡
۷ʥѹΪˡ
ֻоֱͨӽʥ𣬻Լһˣͬʱʮս߶ʥӡǿһ
ʥܲ
ʥлһĨâѹµĴֱӾ˵ʥ⣬ѹ˻ġ


1993 
һʥʿǺԼʥģͬڤһǿҲûԼʥֻһʼµĵ̱ΪԣʥӡʥĶ̾âҪ֮¡
ʥԺƵϣʥӡĹץȥ
תֻضʮսˣʥӡּһֹƺƵĳʥѹ䡣
Уûһ˿һͣʮӵʵٶȴ߶ޣʥͬʱ׻С̫ɿĳԶߡ
ʥߣһѹĹٶȷǳ죬ٴγһ׷ȥ
Ӳˡ
Įʥ⽻֯⣬һʥ꣬һ˹ᴩȥ
ʥܣһ߷ɶݣһִ߶ʥıӡٴκԷ
ңͬһʱ䣬һ¯ڳΪһʥ˼֮ǰӿڤʱֱעʥܱûңʥ

һӡ
ʱ䣬¯ɢʥҵ㣬Ȼը
ˣͬӹӿǵصĳʥѹȥ
ͬʱû˿ͣ׻С̫ɶݡ
һʥ˼ıǵȻǷǳ˵ģǣȴҲвʥǿߣһ㣬ǳʱһʥ˼ֻΪ˸ʥһЩţԱܸõ롣
ವһ׻С̫һ˲ȥԶλá
䣡
󷽣ʥȣһʥӡ¯ԻٺĻȫ顣
ʥֻЩһۼʿȻһʥ˼ıжⲻò˵Щݳޣ۷ʥûʱ£ûз񵽿һʥ˼ŵˣܲ
ҪǣһٶɹˣסĽŲ
ϣ
һٴ׷ϡ
ʱ׻С̫ѾԽʮɽ뿪Զ
˦ˣ
׻ļ¡
ҡͷղȻ˦˺ʥľ룬ʱԷӰǣԸоԷϢڷɿĳǱ
Ҫ˶ãǽһα׷ϡ
ü⡭ô죿
һ˵ʵԲܵס۷ʥν׶༪١
ü˼˶ٺ΢΢ҧı䷽򣬳طϷȥ
תۣʮȥ׻С̫гȥԶϵĹľֲȽ÷ǳϡܲǱúϡһɽȸ֡
ȥɽڽ֯ɵĻ·һ㣬һɭĸоֻǿһۣһҪûĸо˼
Сӣǣ
ݡ
ȣԣ켶ڡ

켶ڣ£ǶݣСӣò룬ʱȥɣ
ǡ
ͷ
֮ǰǸͥʥʶʱ֪˸ôһΣյĵط켶ڶ׽룬ʱһ۷ʥ׷ɱԷ
׻ɵöһ£⣬Сӣʵ̫Σˣ
˵ᵽ켶ڡ£ʱ濴һۣ͸оҪɵˣĸоԺա
ûİ취ˣȥ˵Σգȫ·һ

Ͱ׻һ¾ˣΪ˵ĺܶԣⷽȻǳգǾһϾһɵϣǲȥطʥǻ׵ʥУǰٷְٵ
Ҳʱպ󷽣ʥӰ֣׷
Ͱ׻ۣ¡
Ҳǿ׷ʥû˿ͣ٣ֱӴ׻С̫ڣ̼䱻û
ʥ׷طһĻǰ˻ɫɽȣݣȻҲ֪طжôգ֪кü켶
վ⣬һʱ䣬Щǰ̤һ˻ء
Ͼⷽɽĺա
ˣطԥתۣʮȥ
ʮȥǺһҧһڡ
طȻգǾŸйأϵشһѹסԻͣҲ׼žһǵʹǷǳջġ

׻С̫ʱѾ̤ɣԵüΪ䣬һӷ·ܶһеĺ⡣
ϻҲ׷ˣ
ӦʥϢҲڣڳǿ
ȻҲоһ㣬ȥ
Ϣɭκܸӣ֯һЩĵ֣Щ֣׻С̫ƶ׷ʥܿǿȥǧԶǰһһߵľ޴󺡹ǣ࣬Ҳ࣬дһЩ΢Ϣһħ޺ǣһ켶ѹ
Ĵ棡
׻˿Һ


1994 
׻£Ҳ£С̫ۣ֮ǰѾ˵켶ڣʱɽڿһ켶ǿߵĺǣȴ̲סļ£ϾĿú˵Ǻܴġ
ʵҲ𾪣ܿҲͻָƽ
׷ˣߣ
ۣк׻С̫еĵƼȥ
ʱоʥϢڷɿƽ
תۣʱȥ
ӹȥһ߳˺Զ;ûʲôаޣҲûʲôΣգֻпԵԽԽɭ䣬Щأ·һǺѹطҪ׹䣬һִĸо
СӣҪȥ𣿻үоҪˡ
׻
ѽ
С̫ʱſڣʱҲЩܡ
üʱҲǱЩϷ·ѹһƬ죬ȻʥҲѽֲĸо
ڣߣҪ׷ϡ
ˣ
𣬴Ļ
󷽣ʥʱ׷ͨ彻֯ʥԣˡ
@#϶
׻
ûʲôʥԼ׻С̫
ʥߣʥ⽻֯ƺƵĳһѹȥ
ʥ֯
תۼѣʥѹ䵽һͷ
ʥ壬ֻضһֱתţʮӵʵʩչͨڵһЩȻ֮Էʥ⡣
¡
һطһЩȻ֮Էʥ£׻С̫ȥ
ʱȻڵһЩ֮ס˶ԷĹȴǷǳǿסѣң⻹ǶԷûʹȫĽ
ԼѾȫչ۷弶ˣȻͣ٣ֻܼӡ
ֻӵϣʥɫֱܳ׷ȥͬʱüͷɵ𣺡ûԤеϸգڵϢô£
ȺûʲôµգǣԽȥͱԽӵѹ֣ʵܵ˼ѹƣӳʥս
ÿЩѹߵֻСƺǣĺᣡ
н֯˵ʥ⡣

׻С̫ʥ壬ʱѾȥԶ
ԽӵĳأֱԽӵĸӡ
ңиʬǸֳ˼켶ǣȥǳˡ
Сӣүãȥƺʱ
׻
ǰɫøŨˣֻϡ俴һɽɽûʲôֲȫǳɫʯ飬ǳĻȴһ޵ĿϢ֯Ƭ򣬷·һͷصľް㡣
üȻǿǰƬĿ£ǳˣʱȴҡͷУ׷ˣֻܱͣ
䣡
һʥӺ󷽹ᴩٶȿ켫Ļ
ʥʮӵʵʩչǲƿȥʥܿ
ʥٴ׷ʥøŨһʥţѾˣٸǼĻᣡ
Ż䣬ŵʥֱӶˣ֯ſԽϢȻһķ֮ǰһֱ׼ţʱܣһϵĿռȫ
ʱɫʱΪģԲڵĿռȫˣʱֱӱƬڡ
ʥߣӣ˱ȥ
ʱĿռ䱻ʥƷգѾûӶݵĿԣҪʲôֻеѹһˣ뿪ȡ
Цˣʥ˿˿֯
ʥƬռ䡣
ꡭˣ
ˡ
ҧɿ˼ܹӦǰķֻ뵽һ֡Իӿڤȡʥӡ
һʥԻ٣ܴǰΣ֡
뵽һ㣬ŶԷϱƽֱӽʥӡ𣬵ƬעУŤʼʥ١

ͻȻ󷽣ƬŨĻɫڣһӿԵЩ
ɵĻУһ˫ݰ޴Ӻ֣ˡ
һĻһȻǿˣ̲סһ
ǿʥҲûɵĶ£˿ȥĲͣ
˫̫ˣ·𿴱ؼУ·һ˺ѵһС
緿ݰ޴ӿߣĮ
ȥ
ԾﴫȶҡиӸ͵Ŀϯ˺ʥȫУȻҪɨȡ
һ̣ĿǺֱɢ
ǻĻɫУ緿ݰ޴Ӷһ£ߣĿϡ


1995 
Ӿ޴緿ݣĿһеϣһ˲˲Ŀš
ȶȻ˿ˡ
֣⡭ڿ㣿㡭ʲôʱǹ˼ң
׻¡
ӭž޴ӵ⣬ۼ׶ɵõŰ׻ĻļߣСǸƨүһ졭簡
ȻҲǶݣĿϣ֪ԷǺ⣬ޱȾʥ򷢳ĹâŨ
ѽ
С̫һԴ۾ҲǾĵ
ԶʥǿȴһҲУ˫־壬궼·Ҫˣޱܡ
ɵǰĿϣģϵɢȥʹǸط¶ı塣
һͷޱӴޣϰɸߣͨ鲼ɫۼףһԾǽ֯ɫ
쵱ݣͫ׶ɵһ
ѽ
С̫ۡ
׻Ҳ˫۵ɵùԲȫԷģסˡ
һ̣һ޶ǲɵÿ
ǰǾ޳ۼ׵ɫɫԼĴСһ⣬ֱһģӿӡ
ԼҲǵֱۣס˵ȫˣ㣬㡭
ɸߵľޱȣڡ
棬桭ڣ
˫۵ɵĸ
ԱߣҲԾѾǰͷЩϵʱžȻ̲סݣǡһڣ
һԣ׻С̫ҲһԾһ˫۵ɵĸԲˡ
Ӷ˶ɫ⻷ƣϢ֯ʹһڵĹž֮һתƵɫ⽻֯ңͬѪҲһѪϢպ¡
ͬѪϢͬĹϢֶݣֱֱĶǰľǡ棿
һϿڵõһžһѪǳϣһֱδžʱһĻɫеĹžĴߣᵽǸδ棿
׻ӿɳˣ֣òƣ桭ڰ
ȫסˣԷѪϢ͹ϢȫһڵѪ͹֮һʣ޹žĴʼˣڣ
ಣ
ͻȻƿʥˣʱһĳȥ
۷弶ʥ˿ȻҲ˾ͬһˣﻹҲﻹҼ²ӣţԻ·һ
ٶȺܿ죬ת۱ǿȥԶ
ĮɨӶݳȥʥֱӲ¡
ۣ
ûвҽУֻѪըʥ۷徳ǿߵһʱ
һĻ˲ɵõһ
һ۷弶ʥȻô׾ͱĨɱˡ
֣ڡǸӰ
׻˿Һ
ǰĿϣâһꡣ
ǰһ˲˽ǰ˶ٵĻ㲻
طͻȻԼͬһ飬һµĹžЩ⣬ҲЩд
ӭĿ⣬ֻ͸ˣǣǸ㡭
ʲô㣿ڣ

ӣӭŶԷĿ⣬ѹʵЩ󣺡桭ڡ
ĿԱߵС̫ϣоâ֯ĺᣬ漴Ŀƶֿ죬˶٣࣬ܲ
񣺡ǰˡ
һʼ棬Ե
ңԷĨɱʥҲǾһ
ͷֿ
ͻȻԼһڣһʼЩڣΪʵû׼ֵ֮Ըת۾ӦˣʱӭӭȥǸڣ˼
˳ȡһ

ʲôɻ󣬶˫ѵʲô񱦣
Ͷˡͷ࣬Ҳϡ
˵ţȥ
졢С̫Ͱ׻󣬺ܿ߳ȥǧԶ֮ǰ𿪵Ļֽ֯˳ϵĿռȫסҲ
úǸ棬һУ
ͣ
ǣ
ŶԷͣ£ǰɵһ
ͬһʱ䣬Ͱ׻ҲǱɫС̫Ҳ⣬ǵɴۡ


1996 ʥ
ȥ龧ƬƬĶţж٣֯ž۶ɢ򲨶һ˸ǲɵ𺳡
ô龧ɱ֮ǰڿڤʼظͿڤõ龧ܺͻҪܶ౶ٲȻһ龧⣬ֵԹ塣
ǡ
ô龧Ȼԣʱȫˡ
ҪȡĶЩ龧ֵ
ֱĶǰˮû
ԣʱЩԣ̲סбǰ棬Ҳ֪ʵˣҲ׼ȼĴڣط龧ͺñɳû˿ֵԷҪȡĶôЩ龧
ҲбٲȻǺһĸоȴû˵ʲô˶٣̧΢㣬ɫ翪ʹǰƬ龧ȫ͸¶ȴŴԼɴһλãһͷ­Ѫɫ
ʥ𣡡
һ
ණ֪ණоͰлʥΪһֶͱʥϣȻȲϺ쾧ȴҲǼֵˣͨ켶ڼ˶ۺ졣
û뵽Ȼһ黯ʥԭȡⶫ
˲
Щ⣬뵽ۼε쾹֪ʥȶһ۾˳
׻С̫ЩãȻڡʥⶫ˽⡣
ǿǶԴ˲⣬򵥽¡
ͨǿ߼ۺ죿ǳ
׻ۡ
һʱ䣬һ˵Ŀ⣬ǲɵڻʥ֮ϡ
ǰҪȡⶫѣ
档
һͷĻʥ𣬵ȴֱڻδȡȻЩ
ʥȻֵ쾧ˣҲǲⶫʱгԾ⣬ʱѾƽ
кܸӵȻƲ⣬ƽ⣬غܾˡҲ㵽׶ˣܿȡ
ΪĹϵȻһֱȽϵĮȴʲôҲû
һڴУһƵбӿȥһǰĴƬ龧ڣڲǿ컯ʥӿȥ
ʥȻΧȻȻȻƣǳĸǿΪԼİʥڻʥơ
ԿʥʱʱƸ֣һƵķ顣
һ߿ŶԷʩΪоŶԷɵľ
Լ䣬оһƳԽ켶ѹ
ͨ쾳
ͷ¡
棬ȻԽΣͨ߶ȣ
׻С̫һ߿ţҲǸоʱɢǵȳԽ켶ѹҲǲɵö˵ۡ
֣桭һǿ󰡣
׻˿Һ
ȹ˫۱úԼһ棬ˣҾȻôǿһʱ䲻ɵЩС˷ܡ
ˣ
ʥǰ֯һĬĬһߣ滯ʥơ
ˣһۣһµʱȥ
һ죬ⷽڷһ죬ʥȻƱȫ⣬貵ĹԽ֯ʥ·һֽգˡ
лտտ⣬Ƭ龧һѽʥץС
ϲǰ
ǰ
ͬʱо΢Ӵ⻯ʥ궼Щۡ
Ҳɵð⻯ʥĲ򵥡
ϲ棡ǰϲеʥڣ㿴ذСǵڵκʥҪ͸񣿡
죺
йҪġ
׻ҲԣС̫̲סۡ
бһνеĻʥ𣺡Ҳòˡ˵ţŵҲøĻһЩô龧ȥá
Щ龧֮ǰŻʥ𣬺ͻʥȻƽ֯ںһ𣬲ҶʱʥȻѾȫĥ𣬻ʥҲȡУԲЩ龧ˡ
Щ龧Щˣʥǿ߼˶öݣȼĴȴûκãԵ͸ˡ
ԣ˫һ
Ȳϻʥ𣬲ǿҲԡ
צӵ
Щԣһ˱˻ԡ
лǰ
л
ͷ죬࣬òܲ˵ţĿ䵽ϣĻһǣȻߣҪһ


1997 ۷
˼֮Ҫĥʹ˶ǲɵöݡ
ǸڣһǺСһðɣͲͷ˼ˣ˼ҵʱ䣬Ϊһͨ켶ıˡ
צӵԼһڣȫûĲڡ
ԣٸ̲סбȫܲµʱʲôȻǾ֮ȥһᱻǳĶԴͬƱʦһ㣬ʱܾŶԷУȫ³Կࡣ
ң֮ԿܾҪʱȻ˵ʲôΪһͨ켶ıʵƤ
ɨû˵ʲôȴһֲΥϱ顣
ðɣ֪ˡ
ʱˣ˳ԼһĻ
滯Σ£վһߣʾ龧
һûԥ¾ⷽתԼĹžȡڵ龧
һʱ䣬ֲͬĹⷽƣⷽҫһƬ
ˣ
⣬âӿһƵ
վһߣɨС̫Ͱ׻ĿϣУ֯˿˿⡣
Ǿ˵ϢУǸСһоϵ̫ľϢһüǲɵҡͷûһ˿ϤϢ
ֲһĹⷽڻƣУ񲻶ϵ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣʥҲһɳԭʼϢڡ
ˣʱһΣתۼ䣬¹ȥ
ºⷽڵĺ龧ĥĽɫâŨ㣬һ¯һ˫ۣâһš
ͷһ˿ﵽ۷塣

ط龧̫ˣЩ龧ΪµʱֱӴ۳ڴﵽͷ۷ֻһ˿ʱܹ롣
ңͬʱҲмȡ龧ݻʥʱʥøӾˣѾֻݣȻһЩͨСڷƫƫ趯
ʥڵϢ֮ǰøŨ
ΪʥĳɳܸоԼս֮ǰ̫̫࣬ǽ˴仯
۾ˣ
˷ܵԱ߬צӣµʱ䣬۷ﵽ۳ڣ涼һʵı仯
ͬһʱ䣬С̫Ͱ׻Ҳﵽ۳ڣɢϢǿ˼ࡣ
һߵ񣺡лǰ
Щ龧͸ǵģ˵ΪĹϵǵõлǶԣʵһ
ҡͷʾ첻ÿ漴ֱӽ֮ץ˹ȥ
ڱ鲼ΣСģעͥ
򵥣漴һαʧ
쵱ˣλڣ»ǲˮ򵥵һ仰ֱôץ뿪ˣһʱ䶼ûú򵥵ĵ
Ҳ߰ɡ
к׻С̫뿪ȥ
ڵĵƷǳӣַǳ࣬ȴǲǳΣգЩڵ켶ڣ֮ǰȥǷʱ˵ˣЩǿ߶ǱɱΪлʥᡣ
Ű׻С̫ܿгȣһֿΰɽ
ȥ
׻ʵ
룬һЩȽŨĵطȥ
䣡
ͻȻԶǿʥʹĻϣʮӰطǽ֯ѹʥѹϢ
ҵˣ
£
ʮ˽ԴʥĿһϣͥеķΡ
ǰͥһȺʿ⸽죬նɱʧøͥʿĿŵƬͥǿʱ䶼Ƭˡ
һȺġ
׻ۡ
ʮȻʥ߶ȣϿʥôһʥΪֻ۲ΣʥԵֵˣ
쿴ʮѹ˶٣ð׻С̫ˣԼӭȥ
ս

ʮʥһ죬ǿʥ죬һֱӽֻضתﵽ۷εսʮӣ⡣
ˣ
ԵǰʮսӶȭǰһʥڵͥʿ顣
漴תʥ𣬽˵סһ㤵ĲҽУֱӽ֮ѹķ顣
⡭ô᣿
ʮͥʥǱɫһڵʿȻնеһˡ
Զ׻̲סӣЩûʥӡڵΪȻתɱһʥսǣǡ
ͬʱԶһ𣬴źڵŨŨͣܲǷ


1998 ʱռ
͵Ϥ߽Զݣ볯ķȥ
վһһһϮ£һһϮ¡
𣡡
һ
û뵽ʱϵǿ߳
׻Ҳǵۣϵǰˣ¶ݡ
ѽ
С̫¶ϲı飬һ¾ͷ˹ȥͷļˣĸףһѾȥǧꡣ
СһԴǳĳ硣
ˣ㻹ҳ֣
ͥɱʮʥǿ˿ڣʱĿȫ˰ϣɱĿ
ֻǣʱЩȻĿɱ⣬ȴûһ˳𣬷кŨļɵ
ʥǣ
һ˿ڣ¾ʩչҪսطϲˣΪǵʵǰ˵Ķ֣ǰֻ
ﬣ
׵𣬰ʮâϢԻ˲Ϣֱӽʮնķǡ
꣬Ҳһ
춯ݣŰ֣о˶ԷϢʥѹ
Ѿʥˡ
Щ𺳡
ﵽʥ磬ţ˱ضҲﵽͬĸ߶ȣʵļ¡ϾʱţڼǰֻʥΣ룬ŹȥʱѣȻѾﵽʥ߶ȡ
Ҫ֪ʥʥ𾳲Σһ󾳽оС̨ףԽϣԽѣڶ̶̵ļʱʥﵽʥ磬ٶҲ̫ˡ
ǾʲôǵʹȻⶼ˺Ȼ
漴ԱߵɵǶݡ
ȥƺҲʥ߶ȡ
ˣһĵӣһľѪǴʥ߶ȣսõжֲһʥǵһסɡ
ˣþȡЦߣĿϣԲǲһһڣǶҪǿ˵κΪʱԶûǿ󡣡
춯ݣΪĳ޶ݣΪԷȻһ۾Ϳʱʲô·ܶһС
عǫǰˡǰͰʩһʵλǰΪλ
ЦΪǵĹϵͥ׷ɱ㣬Щ£ȻҲ֪ˣȷ磬ԣҲǣ׼ȥһط
Զݣ֪ڱͥ׷ɱЩӣͰ˾ȻѰǡ漴ʵҪȥģ
һƬĵط߱˵ɡ

ͷ뿪һ𣬳Ϸȥ
ܿ죬ʮɽ˦Ҳ֪ҪȥȻǴҪ˴ͥʯ׿ʯ֮
棬ʲô
̲סʵ
׻С̫ҲͰ𣬶ԴˣȻǷǳĺ档
һƬʱռ䣬ͬз㣬ʱ粻һڣǴʱռڶȹǧֻ꣬ȥһҡ
ʲô
⻰쵱ɫ
ʯź󣬾Ȼһʯռ䣬ȹǧֻ꣬൱ڹȥһ죿
˵ǧֻ꣬һȥѣ
ֱһ쵽ʥذ
ЦٲȻǿʱʲôһǵĿģǴһ𣬽ȥ
ԣ־ϲ
ΪзĹϵʧǧ£ƺԲˣ
Ǵʱռ䣬ôģ
Դ˺ܺ档
һЦһԵİ
ʦһء
ԱȽϳĬ١
쵱ǶݣȻĻǳģǣĳЩǴʱռ䣬Ǻйء
Աߣ׻Ҳ¶֮ɫͷС̫ɵõۣϾйصĵطѲ˶ݡ
ЦΪ𽲵Ĳϸ䣬꣬ǰչʱͿռԱޱȻң˻
ʱǰԭֱӻٵãһʱݱ£ŵĻʧʱͿռ޴࣬ȲģΪһʥأڵʱûлٵֻһʯŽӡԸǸطʱڵĻͬʱһʯŵʯףպá
ΪĳЩԭʯʧˣʯźǴռ䣬ʱ仯ǧǰɣʯܸоһ˿ʱ⣬༫󣬱ͥһЩǿ߷֡
ͥǿǾϲҪӡǰˣô׽⿪ԣǼͥǿڷǴʯźЩ꣬һֱѰҿʯŵԿףһĳһֲͥѰ
̤ûãżȻֲ֪ͥѰʯ׵£ʯ׺ʯźǴռ䣬ǰ⣬û˱ǸΪʯźĿռ£дǰ֪ԣȥֲͥʯס


1999 ޾ͷ
ǴʯžһЩ£׵Ȼ
ָӳԾ
ֻΪչأȻȻԳΪһƬռ䣬ʱúǰ㲻һȥǧֻ꣬ȥһҡ
ǺεȵĿ£
ǰͨ쾳󣬻磿

ֻΪչʹĿռı仯ʱӰ쵽ˣ⵽׵ҪεȲεΪܰõ̹Ƶܹóͨ켶ǿߣû͡
Ȼ֪ʲôѾڵʷУͨ쾳ûΪεĻˣǣûɣͨ쾳Բ·ľͷΪضУûоͷУȻûоͷԡ
ԣɵЩ˸
·ûоͷԣ
˼ɵþãƺеͬԣŴضУûоͷкоͷ
һ˿Źֵĸоͻأĵ˳ûɵľãȻǰƺ
֡
һʱЩãȻ
·ûоͷԣȻȷڴ֮ǰû˶ŶԣǣΪʲôһַǳϤĸо
ôˣ
𡢰׻С̫ҲĿⲻɵöϡ
ӭһ˵쵱±ǻعæҡͷûʲôûʲô
ɵĿһۣû׷ʣ֮ö룬ȸ·

ͷ
£׻С̫𣬳һ̶ȥ
תۣ¹ȥ
ºһ죬Ͱһͨɽ䡣
ɽһϿˡ𡢻̫̫ҩ𡢵Լ
ˣǺԵ
죬ЦǾ˵ȫƿˣС
ȷʵһԵԵ֡
ǫѷ񣬵λǰĹžңһЩˣˡ
֣ȰҪǿ٣ºͣ⣬ǽԵʼ㡣
лǰ
ٴ
ʵ˵ʱЩп𡢻̫̫ҩ𡢵𣬰ŸʮĹϴڣľŸӣʱЩһȺվһ
˷ʱˣ׼Ҳˣ߰ɣȥǴʯź󡣡
ʱڵ
Ȼ֣һԣ໥䶼Եơ񣬱Ƿĵš
ͷߡ
һ죬졢׻С̫ŷһ뿪ͨɽúһڡ
ȥǰɽʣŨɽڵľ棬ǲһԡ
Ͱ˿ǰн˿˿â֡
վһԣȻ˾еľâ˲֪˺ܶ࣬Ǵʱռ䣬ɽ䡣
ͬʱҲóʱЩͲԴ˺⣬Ͼǵʦй
ߣ
ͻȻһ
ǰڣƬӰͻأ֣תۼǿ絽˲֮ϡ
ƬӰУΪ׵ˣϢΪˣ׼ѹơ
ٻˣǿʥϢ
һĻʹ쵱ݡ
ʣµõЩԶͥˣУףʥ
ݣЩˣ
׻Ҳɫ̲סһ£⣬⡭
С̫ſͷɵӡ
Сˣ
ĮٵӰУΪ׵׼ǿУ˿ڵ
ͥʯźһֱڸأڷ˶ʯ׺رԼǿǰֻмʥǶ׺ٸʥΪ֪˶ʯ׺һ
ԴʥΣ׼ǿ߼Ϊ̫޴սԶԶǶ֣ʱ׼ǿԼٸͬεʥȴûһ˿һı仯
㵽ǻطΪԸǣ
ƽ
ƽ̬ͥһЩ
ǵݣҵȺΪĵӣݶΪԶҵȣҵ಻Сǡһ׼ǿ߿ڣһӣƬɽʮڣصףгƬƸתۼǽȫǣ֮ͨ£κˣֻܱѹȻٲףΪҲֻʥпͨ켶ǿߵֶΰɣ


2000 ʼ
ϵ£޾ˣͥ׼ǿߺʥǿܣ׼ǿΪףĮĿŷˣ·ѾڿŽ
ûκοԷأˣֻ֣бѹ
һ׼ǿߵܣͨ켶ǿ֮û˿Կ⡣
仰£޾ᶶһƱԣһС
һĻʹľʵһȻܲĿ£·ѹء
ľŸӣһĺᣬһѹǣǣޱȸˣ
һ׼ǿ߿ڡ
ͨʥʿ벻ǵۣ벻ۣͥǣȴԲͨʥžѹһȺʥż˵ļֵ塣
򣡡
ֿڡ
仰䣬âֱѹˣϢӿȡ
ӭӿȵѹ첻һֻͨ嶼ñˣƫͷˡ
˲ǳˣţ֮ǰȻϵ˻ͥˣ;ԻӦԵķ
ʵϣĲ²⣬׼ȷ
̫ˡ
ƽ
ԱߣЦû˵ʲôһ̣һƵɫԽ֯
һӰԻ˳תۻɸߣ֯ͬɫԣȴ֪ǿ˶٣ƵʮضΪ֮ҡֱӴ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ촫תۼǱӰɢϢ֧顣
⡭ǣ
վһԣͻأԻĻӰûɵһ
ӰɢϢֲ̫ˣ˵㣬·׵ء
ѽ
Сֱֱ̫ۣĶĻӰ
ӰԼɢϢһģһıԴ֮
ͥ׼ǿߺʥֱӱɫŵĮ̼ʧˣǱ˿־塣
ǡǸħ㡭ǡ
֮ǰĮĵŷ޷ͥףʱסĶ¡
ܱ˼ҵħܲò

Ż䣬󣬻Ӱӣ·ĺڶ㣬ֲ
͵һڵͥ˲壬ûһѪˮֱӷ绯ɳ
ͷݺһ飬һ׼ĴڣȻôˡ
ͬʱҲΪĻһ˲˲ĿǵӰ
ǣġʼ棿
֮ǰڴʱʹӿڤһһħޱȿֲû뵽񾹼ˣȻֻһӰǵϢȴֲˣ·ûʲô
ССһһڣ
׻Ҳǵֱۣһľݡ
ⷽɽڣͥ׺ʥȫˣЩûһĻȫԶߡ
ﲼͨ켶ǿ£˭˶ᱻѹѾѹ·˵׼ȴû뵽ʼ澹ˣڻĹǰǱͥħͥЩͨ켶ɵֻһƻӰҲǿԵֵ
һʱ䣬ವƿ˷Щͥǿٶȼ죬תۼǿȥԶ׼ǿֱ˺ѿռԿռ˵ء
ƽûʲô
󣬻Ӱɣһ΢˫һû
̼䣬طֻӶݵͥǿһ֮ͬǰǸ׼ǿ߰㣬͵̷鿪Ѿе׼ǿҲ⣬ŻӰһռ飬ǵֱӱ顣
ˣһ˲
һĻͷƤɵһ飬ôһȺǿߣȻ˲ȫˡ
⣬ǡ
׻˿Һ
ѽ
С̫վͷĻӰ۾һգһգģһкģ
ӰŰɸߣɣ·һУĿƶСһϣƬ̣һɫֱûСһüġ
漴һ̣Ӱ鵭󻺻ʧ
ѽôûˣ
СһۣȻһֱͬӰ㣬ղҲˣӰԼһʼ棬ʼ˵˵أǣʼȻһ¾ʧˡ
СһԴЦŵʱ䳤бչأܷĻޣ֧Ų̫ãϸղƺЩ㣬ɢȥˡüԺټġ
ԱߣСһĽͣ඼ɵóһ¡
ʱ䳤ӿǷǳյģ̤Уһעͻ³ǣλʼ棬Ȼʱ䳤бչأ
ֱǡ˰


2001 ʥ
ʱ䳤бչأʵļ¡
ɣ£
׻£̲ס˿Һ
ǷǳƽȻ֪£ȥѰչеʼһһʱ䳤ӡ
߰ɡ

£ŷˣ̤ǰɽȺ
һɽӣľǷǳ׳úһɽȺġ
ɽȺλôһСɽȣˣΪдŹ£طǺϤܿСɽһʯǰ
ʯûзƺ͹ӡֻһܣΪԿ״
ǰʯţһʱǸоǳ˵ʱ䲨ʯΧƣңʱżԵĲࡣ
оʯź󣬷·һʱ䳤Ӱ㡣
Ǻ棬Ϊڴ˵γɵʱռ䡣
оâ֡
һ޵еĴ棬λڵһ֮ء
ǰй⻬һһѹӵʯ׸֯һְȻ⣬֮ʯϵǴڡ
ʯ𶯣򿪣й·ǴһƬµĴذ㡣
粻һʱϢøԣɼʿҲܸо
ߡ
ʯϵǰʯȡкˣʯ֮롣
ŷһʯź漴ʯ֨ѽһ±պϡ
վʯźȥǰһƬããĿռ䣬̫СҲܴľУ׳ľˣԱ⣬
ңƬռڵޱŨܱ⣬ʮ
羭ʮҵʱ䣬Ƭռͻ̮̿ʼɡ

⻰һ쵱ݣ׻С̫Ҳ⡣
Ƭռ̮
ЩԾ
ͷطǿһˣºͣЦƬռʱзƣ粻һȴûзǰȶһֱƬռڵĶˮʯľȣԲӰ쵽ͻȻ룬ǻܿƽ⣬ʹ֮Ի٣ǵʦᵽƬռʱǽġ
ԣȻ
ʱ룬ǴƬռƽ
ƬռֻͥԤʱȴ֪Ƭռ˭ɣ֪Ƭռڿֻάʮҵʱ䣬򣬹ҲͲƬռ̫ˡ
Ц
Ƭռ䣬ȥǧ꣬ȥһգ羭ʮգƬռͻ̮Ҳ˵Ƭռɸʿһʱ䡣һʱ䣬һǳӴ֣ǶͥЩԣȴ㲻ʲô
ϾͥڱԡƺŵˣΪͨ켶ͨ켶ڣǰֻһʱʱռ䣬ûʲô壬ʲôջ
һʥεķˣȴɷǳҪ
ƬռڵŨȣǵʣܸıܶ¡
ʱռڣɽһһԺΰΪƬռ޷ά֣ʱ䣬һȴҲǺϧѰһɷ壬ֱӱ㿪ʼ
һʱ䣬ʮֲһĹƬռӿ⻬ڡ
ת̫ľѡΪʺԼĹžȹžת⣬ɫ⵱֯ơ
ʮһƵĳӿǳо·龧һ㣬ÿһëʱ򶼲ɵչ˿
Դˣ⣬ΪڽƬռʱ͸оƬռڵǳŨʱ״̬ȻǷǳƽ
ת̫ľľ۷״̬ʥ
ʥݻͳɳҪǳŨƬʱռڵĻǳʺϡ
Ƭʥ򣬲ԵɵˣֻὫ֮ʿԼݻС磬ѿӿٶʵ磬δȥڹ
οǰķˣͲҪڣĵӣǹᣬЩǰȫûڵıҪ
ˣ
ʥһΪԭʼϢһʱӿֶ֯ʮС

ʱռ⣬ġ
ģΰһһҲ֪˶ãϢŨ
ȫˣ
ƬȺУеһڣһ˫Į䵽㡣
ڷţǰʯŵͥǿߣȫ
ǼСУ
ڣһ˫·𿴱ģǵĮǳͬʱ֯˺Ե⣬ɱڲ
Ƭռǳ⣬ǳԵľУ£ٵ
˫䡣

ʱռڡ
ˣ
⣬һǿʥҲ֮仯Ĳľڷɿɳ
ˣʱһΣתۼ䣬Ƭʱռڣɹꡣ
һݻʥһﵽ۾ͷĽʥת䣬һͻƣ۲δﵽʥ


2002 ʧ
۾̤ʥΣҪһתΪʥһǳӵḶ́ͬƵ˵ǰ㣬ѣ½磬̫ϵˣ۾ͷͻơ
Ƭ֮أǳˣԣ̶ʱ䣬Ǵӽڴﵽ۾ͷһȫΪ뵽ʥΡ
ʱڣʥʣȻǽɫʣȴԺܹͬĲʥǿ̫ˡ
ͬʱ۲Լꡢʶǵȣ˾޴ʱ䣬Ļܴʶ޾ͷǸǼ᲻ɴݣ·һȭܺһС
ã
н֯â̲ס
ܸоԼǿ󣬾ܲŸո̤ʥΣʥһ죬սȴǿޱȣļսԶսʥˣתֻضʥ֮£һʿĶ֡
΢΢۸еķˣ󣬼С
һֺ̣ݡ
أ
΢
ֻʣ̤վκÿһ󾳽磬Ե٣۲̤ʥΣȴûٽ١
ʥ֮󣬾ûˣüֿƬʱռ䣺˵ΪƬʱռУʱ޷ѹ£
˼ת˰֮ãϧȴԶԴ׼ȷĶۡ
ˣϾҲ벻ͨȥ룬˷ʱ䡣
³һ˫ۣٴοʼͶС
ˣ
̫ľת⣬ʥ֯ʥơ
̤ʥκеҪֻһ㣬Ǿǣڵʥ
ʿվ̤ͨɲκʼ࣬Ѷ֮ʥĴȽתΪʥҪ򱶣ÿһС
̤ʥΣʱʼʥܿǸӦεжѣͺñĴһѣȺַ
ǳᶨܷ˴ʥǳļѣȴû⣬ʼ糣̫ľתĸ죬ʥڵһİȥ
ͬʱʥݻҲͬУϢøӵŨһЩطѾ΢͵ɽԻһЩľҡ
ˣתۼ䣬ƬʱռڣƬʱռڵʱ㣬ǧʱȥ
ǧУڵʥ࣬ʥŨӸǣΪʥһﵽʥ졣
ѣǧһ죬˫ۣ̲סпʥ󣬲ĵرȣʥʵ̫ˣǣʥδﵽʥΣһʲôļ
ΪԼжãȴҲԲûж˿Աȵϣǣķǧʱ䣬Ŵʥڴﵽʥ죬УзģͬʱҲݻʥ򣬵Ҳ˵ʥж಻ףʹãµʣҲʱʥڴﵽʥΡ
ȻǿۣȴҲԶ޷ᲢۣԲֻʱʹʥڴﵽʥ磬һʲôļڶ̶ʱǴʥڴﵽʥ߶ȡ
ѶȶۣҪﵽͨ쾳߶ȣúķѶʱ䰡
̲סп
󣬺ܿ죬ֽƽ
Ϊʱȥ⣬ûʲôʵʵ塣
һ̫ľƽȵתʼʥ
¡
ʱƬʱռͻȻ𶯣·˵һ㣬ҵҡ
ʹһ׼ҪΪ𶯣ͣ
ͬʱ֮еķȻӦ˫ۡ
Щסˣʯ⿪ʼֱ֣ӻٵƬռ䡣
Ц
ԣʱݡ
ǰ˼ǣ𶯣ͥʯʯźƬռ䣿
ʵ
ͷɡЦȥǣʱռܵķӡλ£Ȼͥͨ켶ȫҲƿǵȷӡһһ޷ŷӡٵƬʱռ䣬ҲʹƬռһ£˿Ӱ졣
ǣǰʱ㣬ٹأ׻̲סʵЩͨ켶ϲƲʯţٲƬռ䣬ƻһֱ棬ʱۣٹգƬʱռͻ̮ˣʱǻֱӱ¶ǰôȥӦԣ


2003 ʱռ
׻ἰ⣬ȻҲ뵽ˣʱŰ׻ɻǿͷˡ
ʼֻһ꣬Ѿ޷ǵֶΣңһ껹ڣҲӦ֮ľ棬Ͼʯƺͥǿߣͨ쾳ǵȴڿɲʼһӦˡ
ǣȴûκεǣһֶӦ֮£ϾЩ˿ɶһˡ
׼ʱռڵһ꣬Щ׼ӦԽʱ鷳õġ
ʿڵ
лһĨâһȻЩ˹˸׼
ɣƬʱռ䣬֧Ŵǧ꣬ʱ䲻٣ǣûǲҪ˷ѡ
Ц
һ죬Ƭʱռڣʼ
ˣ
̫ľת⣬ɫ˿˿ƵĽ֯һƵ
ʥƣĴʹڵʥԽԽӨʹ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳڷݻʥʱƣ˸ɽֲȸϢøŨø
¡
ʱռҡ·˴һ㡣
𶯺͸ղŵһ֪ʱռ⣬ͥгǿںʯšԴˣΪѾ֪ʱռʯŵļ̣ԣ⣬ɱ˫
ʥĴʥݻһš
ˣʱţĺܿ졣
һۣʱռڣʱȥ
ʱȥһ죬һͻƺʱͣ
ʥ˾죡
лտտľâ
ǧǰﵽʥأǧڣһһݻʥһմﵽʥ˾죬ʥѾûжپˡ
ͬʱʥøӵĺ嫣˸ɽϢǳľˡ
ã
Եһ
һ⣬Ǳǣǧʱڣʥδﵽʥ˲ΣƬռУûٽ٣Ĺ̷ǳ˳
֡


ͻȻһ
ʱƬʱռڣطͻأŤʱͿռ俪ʼûҡ
ȻҺ΢ĩȴӺ˵ʹ쵱ݡ
ͬʱҲǸӦȱ仯ʱ򾡽ӣͣ
֮ڽҪʼ̮ˡ
վоâ
ԣǶݣƬռ䣬Ҫ̮ˣ
ܿƽһ㣬Ѿȥ꣬Ƭʱռ䣬ȷʵҪ̮ˡ
׼ˡ

Աߵľɷϣվ
ʿ񷣬ʥһʱ両֣ʮ޾˲Ϣӿ
һ쵱΢ԼоʱΪ
׾
ͷһ
Ҳʱһλã߳Ƹ֣ӡգӡ棬ɢϢʷֺǴ׾Σʹһ
ɵÿˡ
Ӧá˰ɡ
ͷ¡
ܿ죬ƽʱһãһһݻʥ£ܴڴﵽʥ˾죬ôһ޼ܴʥδﵽʥٴﵽ׾ҲȻûʲôֵþȵˡ
ϾʮһˣûһǼŷǳ˵
ֿС̫Ͱ׻Сһһﵽʥ˾죬׻ҪһЩҲѾﵽʥ죬ʱһ˷ܵ߬צӡ
ˣ
ܲҰƽ֯˷ʺͬʱڳ֣Ƭʱռڲһƺһƣ໥֯һرʥ
ʥǳӣӣ֣ʥ˾ΪȻȫʥ
ӣ˿̻ʥãһд
ʱ䣬ɿŶ
ۿʺ̻ʥת֮䣬һʱȥ
һʱĹۿӡƣһ;һ;˲׵
Ҳһ죬ʺͬʱͣ£һ嫵ʥ֯ʱռڣطʥԡ
ˡ

ʥʱռ䣬첻ɵļ£ֻãʥ·졣
ҲʱƬʱռڣձøӵŤ
ͬʱʯ𶯣ٲȻں
ӭˡ
ָᵯµʯ׻һɳת˲ûʯڡ
֨ѽһʯŶ󻺻򿪡
й⣬ӿ롣
ͬʱʱʯ⽻֯
ʱϢʱռڵʱ˿ͬ롣
¡
ʱռͻأ𣬲ת۱īһӿ䡣
Ӱ֪ʱʱռڣӽޱ䣬ڲĮĿŷˣۡ


2004 
ӰͻأʱռڣۡǵϢ
ͨ켶ͥġ
첻ķΪʱ־壬˵Ϣ̫£·ģʹ屾ܵһ̷ⶼʹ
׻С̫Ҳˣӭ˵ǵȰϢֹס
˵ϢԨƺ
վͷ·ںڶ·Ҫﶼɡ
ǵʦδǼֻСЩ굹ϴͦʵ
Į𣬲ϣеһ˿ڣӴ𶯡
ʱռ䣬Ϊһıѡ
ǣʦֵʸ񣿡
ſڵˣƽ
ڵͥʱһ·ǱβͰ㡣
ϣ
ֱӶ֣ͨ켶ʥӿûʥӡֱӳŷץȥͬʱҲһ֡
ͨ켶ֶΣһʱʹʱռҲ
תۣӡֱѹ䵽ͷ
첻ɵһӡѹо·һƬѹ
׻С̫Ҳˣӭͨ켶Ĵӡ궼ɵþ
Ҳʱʺͬʱ֣Խӡ
ʱ˺ķһʱӡʱռڵʥˣƽӦγһ˵ĹڣѹĴָ
ʹ춯ݣЩţǿҲֻ׼ζѣµʥҲܵסͨ켶ǿߵһ
ܿ죬쳣סͨ켶ӡǵʥʥƬʱռڻҵʱ֮Ϳռ֮ǿµĴӡ
ˣŬУδǻᲢս
Աһ죬Ц
ͬʱĿҲϣСһˡ漴ĿС̫ϣЦ´ټܾã׻ġ
ѽ
С̫ۡ
ҲݣʱΪͻȻ㿪ڡ
ˣǰ⡭
ˣ
ͻȻʥⷭӿֱӴĻС̫Ͱ׻һС
ʽӡһռŻһԻתۼ佫һС
󣬿ռŻպϣһ޾ֱʧʱռڡ
ϣͥӵĮӷˣߵ졢С̫Ͱ׻û̫ĲϾʥ˼СʿУ϶㲻ϣǴ˿ֻзԼƬʱռ䡣
ܵסһֵÿ佱ոı䲻ʲô֮ǰֵڣٴζ֣ǿʥâӿѹˣƬʱռ䣬ΪͥУջءǣʱɱǣǵݣдá
¡¡ģ˵ڶζ֣ǵҲ֪ȷǿ˶٣ؽԲ
ˡ
ӭµһɺƽ
ʺ֣ޱƽϣ貹ڣһ¡
ңͬһʱ䣬ƬʱռʱͿռޱȻңطһ̮˵ĻϢ֯
ֵͥʱݣΪԼĵڶ£ΪʱˣƬռڿʼ̮ʼԻٱ
ʲôƬռ䣿
˵ɭɱŨ
ͬʱԱߣˡ
ǷƬʱռ䣬֮мڴȴ룬ʱƬռ侹Ȼڿʼ̮ʼ٣Ѿ޷ס
ϣƬռĸմѷһطлҵʱкͿռг֣֯˵ĻϢһС
ʺӡµʥԣ˻С
ȥһĵط
ƽ
ԱߣˣǽԺƽ
ʺͬʱ֣ѱٶȽӡʹطʥ󱬷ʥԣطһȫ֣貵ʥ⽫Լһ֣ͥͨ켶Ҳһ֣תۼһʧط
һ̣һڣ貵ʥţʺ˳֣ʥһƶˣͬʱͥҲ֮һ𱻴ϣ
ȥطռޱȻ谵ʯأȴƯڿУ·ûҪǣʬǲкأӿһС
ͥɫǷˣҵ
¾йٴΣɻǵã𿪿ڣƽһεĴս޾µݱ䣬ĴʣһУֻڡԹԾġԻֻǡͨ켶áԻ
ͥŭֻϣҴ⣡
˳ǴطɱǿϢʹϢﵽһ㣬䣬ǣƬڵ뼳ȡǵ
Ƭ֮ûǵƾǼֻϣҲɱҵȣ
Ц
ڣͨ켶ʥܴӿȡ
ͬʱͨ켶Ҳһ̽ѰܣѰ뿪ط·
Ǻж£ľˣὥϢͬʶԻᱻڻһĿտǣͨ켶Ҳ޷⡣
ҲֻԤ²ǵȡѣԣͶһѡӮˣ߲ΣˣƽܷɱǣûɣǸҴȻɱǵֶΣʧ
䣬һɫɳɿڣڳ̴ڡ
ʱ䣬һϵϢٱǣתۼǴﵽһǳֲĸ߶ȡ
룿ŭǡ
˫ۣڻ䣺ͼһУȼռһУͨ޾սֻΪԼ²֮һĴᣬ룬СʦܵĳޡʹͲһѣ˫ۣ֮ǰƽӱñޱȣɱ
䣡
ʥӿʮһͬʱˣ޾Ϣʴ£ɱ

硭
һδ֪ڣɫɽͳƬȴΰߴԶԱȽͨ

ʱͻأѿ졢׻С̫Ӱ
֮һ²ʵʵĵϡ
ɨܣʱ⸽ƴڡ
ǰµģ֮ǰ˵ģ׼Ѿãһ㣿ǣһʼˣҪǴƬǿռڣֱӴ͵
ݡ
ƺˡ׻˵ɻ󣺡ǣôһ͵һ͵ֱܱܿȴֻǴ͵ѵʲô򡭡
䣡
ͻȻֱӴĻ
طת֮һƬϣһɫ̼両֣Ҳ֪˶ôķΧһɫн֯һͷͷɫŭ㣬˻Ϣǵض£ĩռ١


2005 
޴кʲ񷣬ɫ⣬ضƺҪը鿪ˡ
Ƭɫɽͣת۱˵ĻϢ֡
׻С̫Ǻݺһɫ䣬ʵǲ̫ˣǵȻϢŨҵˣƺҪһжûضڻζ
ǵһʱ䶯ݣȻ˲Ϣ˳׷
٣ûΪʥζʧƬʱռϢƬռڽʱûѹ߳Ƭʱռ䣬Ƭص֪δµ٣ʱ֡
һ¾뵽˺ܶࡣ
ˣ
𶯣Ƭرøӻ谵ɫڲ⣬δѹһƬһƬգƬɽҲһ̮
СӣϽһҸ̾ϡٵĵطٶɽ٣ﲻʺ϶ɽ٣
׻
طȻЩƫȴǷǳƫƧﲻǺԶĵطһʿĴڣɽ٣Իܿͱ˷֣ʱһʥ˼ǿ߻٣ضڣС鷳
ܣͣҡͷСһ뿪
ǰһ󾳽٣ʱ˳Ĵ󾳽磬ʹóֵʱʧ֮ȴԲУΪʱռڴ۲οʥִʥʥ˾죬£ôˣûк˵ˣʱ٣Ҳֹס
ңһ̣о˾޴вΪ󾳽磬δٵĹϵʱٺһѹ䣬·ںһ㣬ĳ־䣬ǵϢʱ򼹱Ȼֻض壬û˰ٷ֮ٵİտԶȹⳡ٣궼Ϊ֮ʹС
Ⱦ䣬ΪԺֱ۵һǣ֮ǰ٣Ǻɫģǣⳡ׷ɫѾǱ˺ɫԱȺɫ¡
ˣ
ٴξһкɫĹڻ谵ؼ⻮˾㤿־塣
ߣ
ȵ
ܸоԵ׷ܿҪѹ䣬׻С̫УԻܵǣ
Сģ
ѽ
׻ڣС̫ҲȻ֪ʱʲôﲻΣգһӰɽ٣¶ٶȳԶƶ
ǵʱռ䵽ڣֻǹȥʮʱ䣬ȴʱռڶɹ꣬꣬ʱǴʥ˾ΣʱٶȻǷǳ죬תۼƶȥԶ
Ҳʱ¡һһĿĺɫֱѹ¡
Ǽʥٺʥ˽Ϊһ췣µĵһ׷ˣһ׹䡣
գֱӱƬɫδѹ䣬µĴر˲飬³ɡ
û˿⣬ʥ˾صΪչ֣Ӷȭӭϡ
ȭͷʥ˼ʥתۼµĺɫײһֱøմøưܣһɹɵϯܡ
漴󣬺ɫ顣
ͬʱȭѪˮʳɫˣ¶ɭɭİɫָǡ
ңһɿµ˳ȭ˵˿ûڣƻ·Ҫڲ֮١
ʹͷȻⳡںʥٺʥ˽ٵ췣ȻӦǰ㣬̫ǿˣŽֻǵһ׷ѣͽˣңȻ˳˿ûڣ⣬ƻ
ҧֻضת˲ʮս֮һתʮӵս߶ֱӽӿڵǵȻ顣
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬𣬵ڶ׷һɫ׺Ի佻֯˿˿Ѫɫ·ѹ䣬Ҫһжݻٵ
ĻϢʮؾҲ֪ȵһ׷ǿ˶ٱһƬƬռ䣬Ұ˷ȥ÷ԲǧڵǾ
⣬Ϣǡ٣
ˣڶͨɴ٣ͨɾ٣ôµĻϢ
һЩʿӦȴвĻϢΪ֮ݡ
ȥ
˿ڣʿǳŻϢķȥ

䣡
׹ڵλãϣɫĸ
ⳡֳĵڶ׷ʱֱѹ¡
ɫ׺Ӽ˿˿Ѫɫ߽֮⣬һжڿʼ
վڵرĵѾޱưܣӭɫ׺ֱӻȭʮӵս߶ȭĿȭǿʥֱӹᴩ񷡣


2006 ٲֹ
ȭâ貣ʮӵսϻȭӿȭء
͵һԲµĺɫ׺ӵһʱǱķ顣
Ͼһ׷Ȼ£ʮӺսӶĻȭҲǿڶ׷Ȼһѵ顣
¡
֮ϣɫ⣬͵죬һƬƬռ䡣
ŵڶ׷飬תۼѣ׷ΪһƬɫ꣬䣬ÿһ׵綼̺ź˵Ļʥ˼ʿ
޾壬ʮս߶ȭٴӭϡ
͵һ׷ûܹκε׼䱻顣
ˣ
ϣһһֵ׷䣬ת۱˾֡
׷Ա飬һ̣ʮ׷ѹ¡
һ׺ɫ׹󺣣죬ϡ֮Ӳ֮ϺƺƵѹ¡
̼䣬£ٴα³֮
ӭʮ׷н֯ʥ⣬תһƺɫĵ绡֯һɫֱĳŲ񷼤ȥ
ɫ磬ﵽؾı֣ʱռڶɹʱ䣬꣬Ϊﵽʥ˾죬ȻȻһء
ͣ
ɫϢͰԵܹ׷תۼǽѹµĵʮ׷ķ顣
췣ģĺɫһƵĻ⣬ֻضתսʮӣʥҲһɽʡ
󣬼һ̣ʮһ׷ϢˣƺƵѹ䡣
漴һһ׷䡣
طΪ췣ڱΪ췣ڲϳݣܵɫɽѾȫ̮һƬơ
췣֮£ʥֻضһת漴ȻҲһ𣬿١
תۣʮ׷䣬̱飬Ȼɻڳ
¡һʮ׷ѹ䣬һſźɫǳ𶯣
ɫأվͿʼ٣һ·ȹ˶ʮೡ٣δһٵ׷ﵽʮ֡
ͬһʱ䣬Զ׻С̫ҲǶݡ
ʮˣôûͣ
׻
ѽ
С̫Ŀɫ
ʱٳԵʮ׷ֻԶԶĿžܹĸо˿̵ٱøֲˣ׷䣬ǶżǷܹȵĹȥ
Ҳʱವģƿ𣬸ԶЩĵطһһӰ֣ΪⳡٵĿϢԶһǿطĲϵĹ
٣⣬ȳ̶ȵ٣⡭
ЩʿŲϵĹ𾪲ѣʵٵĻϢ̫Ũˣ·Ҫ٣еһЩʥȻ
ЩʿȻǿ˾ĵڶɽٵ죬Ǵ󾪡
ڶɽ٣ǡɽ֮ˣ
ʥһʥ˼ǿ߰ʥˡ٣
ô⡭ôܣ
Щʿš
ԹʿֻڿͨɲʱŻ׷һʥ˼ǿߣȻ췣ɽ٣
ȵȣ⣬ˣͥǰʱ׷׷ɱǸ𣿣
ûû񡭡Ǹˣ
߱ɱͥǿߣͱͥ׷йأͥ׷ʥ֮٣ʲô˰
ͥ׷£Ѿʲôܣʱطϳ죬ټʥΪ٣Ǹ𺳡
󣬽ģۼʿԽԽ࣬һĻ𾪡
С̫Ͱ׻ǼЩʿĵȴûʲôֱֱֻĿɽ١
ǧҪʲôӰ
׻һģϣܰȫȫĶȹⳡ٣ϣҪΪʥ˼Ϊٵ¡ʿֺʲôõ¡
¡
𶯣һһֵ׷䣬ԵϢԽԽŨ
ģһĶɽ٣ֻضʥȻֶһʩչһһ׷תۼ䣬ʮ׷䣬ʥķ˴롣
ʱ׷ĻѾǿʢ˲֪ٱʹѾѿ˲Ѫۣвֶɫޱȵĳء
¡
һ̶ըʮ׷ѹ䣬ٶȿˣתۼԲƿͻĻֱϡ


2007 Ǹ
ʮ׷ϣĿĹâֱûܡ
һΣûܹס۵һʥ˾켶ֱӱ顣
ѪˮĽĿġ
Сӣ
Զ׻С̫ɫ׻̲סг
ͬһʱ䣬طһʿ£Ϊ쵣ǣǿɹʮ׷ͻȻ䱻飬һʱ䱻£ָоͺһҹͻȻһѪȵʱǵȸоһģһ
Ѿʮ׷ˣ𣿣١ԾΪֻо׷𣿡
Щʿ־ɡ
żмأֻʿͨɼҶԾΪڣЩʿ˾ˣһʥ˼ʿѾ˳Ծˣȴ룬٣ȥʮ׷ȴû˿ͣµơ
ˣ
죬ɫкʣҪһжû
ʥ飬ȱͷɽȥѪˮٻѪɫƶ̫תʹתۼ۶
۳Ų񷣬ɫء
ںʥʥ󾳽٣ʵ̫ˣȻΪֻضʱ֧Ҳޱȼˣһ̻Ѫⶼھʹ
ΪҪǣΪɽߣѹһ̶ϵĸӦܹоⳡٻԶԶûнٻʮֵ׷֮׷Զһرһؿֲʱȫû˿Զȹⳡ׷İա
ֻǸ𣿡
׺֮ɨΧ£һȺʿɵý߬߬ȭͷ
ˣ
ĿâԻһըɫУʮ׷ֶΪһһɽȫɺɫ׹۶ɣϢˡ
׷֣ѹ䣬Ǻݺݵһ帡Ѻۡ
ͬʱһʿ㤣ҲǾ
ˣԶЩ
˴Уˡ
طʿ඼Ǵʥ£ʱȻĴԶܱµ׷Уǣֻʮ׷֯ĻϢЩʿ־壬һֽҪĸоҼԭشǳԶĵط롣
Ҳʱ¡һʮ׷ֱ¡
ɫɽһһҪѹ졣
߬˫ȭһҧ̫ľתޣֻضʥȻԼȶõ͵ȫתͨ屬Ŀ貵ʥâѹĵʮ׷ӭϡ
תۼ䣬ʮ׷ֱײһ
ʮռ䣬ʱ١
ĴϢӷӿ
ۣ
һα飬ʺѪˮĽǱ鲼֮ϣĿġ
ޱȣ಻̫תѪɫԾܿ¾ۼ΢ŴɫѾǱúܲ԰ף˺صˡ
ȻȴϢĻᣬʮ׷֣˲Ϣѹ¡
󣬺¡¡ģ֮ԽԽʮ׷ʮ׷ʮһ׷̸ƺƵѹ䣬֮һнǱ
ҧֶΣ⡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʺѪˮĽںʥٺʥ˽ٵ췣֮£ʱ׷Ļ֮ѾǿԵֵĵزʱ׷֮ڣǿһһ飬ѪˮϵĽܣɿ˥͹ȡ
⡭
ûϣˣ췣ܶɵĹȥ
ס
ԶһʿΪʱٵϢ㤣ͬʱвҡͷǰĳѾ˶ߣ쿪ʼʧȥֵˣϢ˥
ɲȥҲעҪˣʥ˾١
˵
¡¡ģ¡죬ɫ粻סѹ䡣
Сӣͦס찡׷ѵĵ㣡ǰһ
ѽѽ
Զ׻̲ס󺰣С̫Ҳǳһδα飬оľ񲻶˥ȴʼûҪֹסļ󣬶ǽ˼㡣
ģѪɫԾȱǾ£һؾ۳
ɫ԰׵˼㣬Ϣ˥˼㣬ֹסĶվҪûˡ
ˣ
죬ʮ
ʮ׷ֶΪһƬɫ֮ǰļ׷ֲ̫̫ࡣ
׷ʮռһ˲ƺҪٵ
׷δѹ£ʹѪˮԿ
Сӣ
Զ׻󺰣ĺᵲס
ѽ죡
С̫ҲԶ󺰡
õǵóǵĵģ΢˫ۣ
ֻǸˡ
ŲϵĹӺúͷڷ޷Զ
һֽ̣һӡ֮΢
Ѿ˥͹ȵľͻȻ佥ʼǿڽڵ


2008 ⱾԴ
ڷƮ裬ģϵϢĿʼָ
֯ĺɫʱÿΪ֮͵죬̶ǳĸԭưձøưܣһһĴ̮
Ϣڻָڱǿ
ô£ôͻȻ
⡭
ԶһʿǶݣղϢѾ˥˵͹ˣѾʧȥ˵ֿȥվѾվȣʱϢȴͻȻʼңǷûпʹʲôҩȡ
ͬһʱ䣬׻С̫ҲǶݣ¶ϲɫ
ãã
׻߬צӡ
ѽ
С̫Ҳǳ
ҲʱΪξͻȻǣǣϢˣȻˡ
ˣ
׺ɫкʲ񷣬ʮ׷ûѹ䣬м𣬻ϢԽԽŨ񷶼ƺҪ̮˰㡣
ٵģŲԽԽֲĮ
ͷڷĿ裬ϵϢٵǿ
ϵĿռ䣬ΪϿǿϢԽӵĻңҵ̮
ҺΣ

Ϊֻ壬ؼǿǿѪΪ˲Լٴα¶ʹ˹֪һ̶ϷԼֻرԴ֮ϵˣֻܿʡ
ڣȻԴ֮ڣǲϸ̽޷Ϊֻ壬Ҳǵȷڼ֮УаѪԴʱǾδܿΪֻ塣
ȻȷȻܾܱʱ⿴ȴҲһȱ㣬ǾǣΪԴѹţս޷ӵ۷壬Щһֱδϵͷų۷ǱܣӳϵǿսΪһҪͷ۷Ǳܷǿս̾ͻᱩ¶
֮ǰϹΣգЩΣգǽⱾԴӦԣûҪⱾԴԣԵձԴȻ֮ϹһδεΣûнԴ⿪˱Դķӡ
Ϊʱϣʱ֮£ⱾԴõģҲǱҪġʱ򣬽ⱾԴΪֻضܹõĶȹⳡ٣ǲⱾԴҲܿ϶Ӳһ;
ͬһʱ䣬֪طʿƣԶɽ٣һıԴȫ⣬Щ˶˲俴ֻʣ֮һ鷳ǣʱȴȻ޷˼֮ǵˣΪʱǲⱾԴ··Ҫûˣ˼ǵʲô
䣡
ıԴһ⣬Ϣɿһ޾µĻɽˣͬһħѣطʮռӾҵĲ
תۼѣϢָ֮Ȭңڳ
󣬶̶ʱ䣬ľһΪ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ҲʱⷽյֻرԴ׽⡣
𣡡
һʱ䣬ⷭӿԼħ˻֮ڴء
һɫʥΪĵӿȣᴩ֮ϡ
ͣ
֮ϣŵĵʮ׷ʥķ顣
ɫУɵö¡
ʮռ䣬Ť
ͬʱطڼԶһʿݲȫɫ䡣
⣬⣬⣬
һʿʱкû˲ϵĹ·о˲ϵٵĿֲϢĿȫʱϡ
ʱ죬һʿͲš
ֻ壿ǡֻ壡
ʥ˼ǿ߲Ҳڷס˸˫ֶڷ
˵УǿʣǿѪȻǣȻǡ
һʿǶסˣͣеһЩʥǿ߶⡣
ǿʲôطʥ˼Ϊٵ죬Ȼֻ壡Ǹ˵УδֹģѹؼһһѪǿʣ
ͬһʱ䣬׻С̫ҲǱɫΪֻǶֻ֪壬ǱɫԭǣȻʱ¶Լֻʣʱ򶼿ԿˣҲˣ֮Ի鷳
⡭ô
׻߬צӡ
ģʥֻرԴ׽⣬ֻض侫Ҳ֪֮ǰǿʢ˶ٱɫƣ͵ıһ
ˣ
ϣ̶ľٴը죬̱ʮ׷֮󣬵ʮ׷ֶ֮ƵţƺƵĳѹ¡


2009 ħ
ʮ׷ѹ䣬ձøӻ谵ˣޱӣ
ƺҪ̮˰㣬Ϣš
ģɫ绡ƣϢǿˣֱӻӶȭ
¡һĿȭȭ˼תû֮ϣѹµĵʮ׷ײһ
ͣ
һ죬ʮ׷һʱ֧顣
һĻʿȻ֮ǰʱɽôѣʱӭµĵʮ׷ȴֱһȭͺ顣
⡭ֻսֱ
˷Ϊֻ¶ͬʱҲΪһĻ
䣡
øӿ񱩡
ɫкʲϣɫ⣬Ϣøˡ

֮£ǰڷ趯һľս
ˣ
䣬񷵱ը죬ʮ׷󣬵ʮ׷ʮ׷ʮ׷һ֣ѹ
һʱ䣬طռӾҵưܣΪϢٴε³
ĮԴ۷սˣ޾µ췣
ˣ
ֻͼ𣬼Ӻ嫡ʥѹһ⳯Ųӭȥ
ޱǿټ˿̽ⱾԴֻضʩչǿµ㣬ֻһ˲ǽѹµĵʮ׷顣
漴Ųӭϣѹʮ׷ʮ׷͵ʮ׷
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
촫ʮ׷ʮ׷͵ʮ׷תۼ䱻ȫ顣
ң֮ûͣ£֯ʥܣŲѹȥ
תֻۣͼ֮УкȻһըʹоֱӱ١
ˣ
һĺд·һεĿ´ڣʱΪþŭˣʮ׷ֶ׺һţÿһض֯ź˵ϢƺҪһж١
͵ľһһɣǼӾ˵ĻһƬһƬĿռ䣬յٶȣȻȫٶȣռ
ֻ̧֣ضʮսֻͼٴγңȻҲһӿֶ໥صǿֻͼ
ֻͼһֻرԴȫ£ʮսӵ£ʱʥ˾ΪʩչǵǿʢضΪ֮ҡ
ͣ
ʮ׷δѹ䣬ǱֻͼֱӸķ顣
ĿŲϵɫУһǶˣһ񷣬ֻͼֱѹУңеһſɫնϣֻͼһѹС
һĻʹ⸽һʿǴ󾪣˲ɵöһ£Թʿɽ٣Ǳһһλѹµ׷쾹ȻŲϣЯٵУЩ
Ҳʱ֮УֻͼгƵһһĿʥƵĺɫ磬ٵĺɫ໥ײ͵죬໥䲻ϱ飬˲񷡣
䣡
У׷֣һֱһֲֿ
ɫ磬ֻͼֻضתڲϸ׷гһһֵ׷飬ճһһĿֲȭ⣬ֱвһһѺۡ
תۼ䣬Уսһһ׷ڰʮ׷ϢøˣҪضû
ֻǣȫֻرԴΪֻضսʵ̫ǿˣֲĵڰʮ׷ɶ֮ãת۱顣
һ֣
֮У׵绷壬Į֯һµİܹоĵⳡ٣ֻʣһ׷ˣɹ
ˣ
µ˲䣬񷱬ΪͿɲ֮УһӰ֣ʹͷʿжϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰ۶ɣԽ֯ſֲĻϢʼһֱʹطҡضƺҪ߽⡣
ӭܼӰһθовһѹֶ
ıȴû˿仯һֱӽ̫ľתޣͬʱֻرԴʹֻرԴϢʹֻرԴڡ
ֻرԴɢź嫵Ϣ
һֻ̣رԴȫڣħХڳһһħӰԽ֯ſϢĲϵһΪ֮ݲҡΣʮƺҪױ١


2010 ʥѪ
޾ħӰ֣Խ֯Ϣ
⡭ǣ
ٷΧ֮⣬һڵʿȫɫ䡣
ԼҲݣʱֵһĻȫûԤϵģֻڴ߶ֻرԴͷ۷Ǳܶѣû뵽ȳ
ʥ΢Ƕݡ
һħӰ֣ʥڷٵıģڼٵı١
𣡡
޾ħ˻գʮҡ
֮ϣɫдΪ˻𣬸ֳһһѺۡ
漴ӿ񱩣ڤڤ֮У·ĴһϴڣʱȫŭˣֲͬͬĻӰһѹ졣
һµĳɫЯ޾ͻӰ£ǲѹϢԲڵĿռȫ¡
ˣߣ
˾㤴У֮ǰѾ˳ȥ˺Զʱӭһ׷ֻǵನʹʿǾ֣һֳԶ롣
׻С̫Ҳһε룬ʵһֵ׷̫ˡ
¡¡ģط쫷ϯҰһ
֮£ӭɫѹӦĻϢֳħӰľȿ±
ɱ
ͳ³ôۣڷ趯ɱӿҲսӿ
һħӰƺӦɱսٴη
漴һ̣һħӰ𣬳ѹµгȥ
תۼ䣬һħӰܼӰײһ𣬺ײһ
¡
طʮռ䳹̮ˣһһ쫷ӿ⡣
漴תۼ䣬߸ȥʧˣܼӰʧˣһħӰҲʧˣϵĺڰɢȥƬ±
У̳ƣһƵ绡͵죬Ҳ֮ʧ
ɫԵЩ԰ף΢΢ĴϢȴϡ
ˣ
񷶶߲񻪻ƣһ߲ƻ۶֯ʥ͵Ϣ
һʱ䣬Զʿֶݡ
ˡ
˲
ǰֲ٣·ܻٵһУֻನ˿־壬ȴõĿ
ֻ壬ʥ˼٣ʮһ׷ȫ
ʿͬʱɵ΢
һ죬طһĻĻ̫ˣ
Զ׻С̫¶ϲɫ
ɹȥˣ̫ˣ
ѽ
߶ǸˣǸطȥ
ҲʱͻȻ䣬ƿյ𣬼ԶȺУʮӰˣ֯ʥѹȫŸնɹٵ˹ȥ
һĻʹʿǱɫ
ǿʣ䱾ԴؼϵĹ屦ʤһУû˲õ
ϱʿ૵
һʿ֮Ҳ뵽ЩʥΪγˡʱ򣬸նɹ׷ǳЩ˲ŹᣬҪûֻرԴ

ѽ
׻С̫ŭٶȳȥźԶͳͨѹʮʥǿߡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģǲֻʥ˲ΣϢȴǳ£ͬԳС̫ʥ˾죬ʱͨɫⷭɫ鲼죬Ҫ񷶼ȼ
ֻǣǵٶվȲʥǿߣת۶ѣʮʥǳ嵽ǰд̰ͷΪǰһֻ壬ؼǿʣֻҪȡֻرԴǽõ޾ĺôδĳɾͽתΪµֻ塣
¡¡ģʮֻһץ죬ʹ츽ĿռƬı

׻ŭ𣬷١
С̫Ҳǽߣٶ츳ͨչػ𶯳ա
ʱǶܸоɹٺ죬ȻǷǳʥķѹˣӭʮʥǶ֡
ùһ߿š
Ҳʱʹð׻С̫ݣԲһ͡
ɹⳡ٣ʱʥҪĹˣûʣ¶٣ǣӭʱʮʥǿߣıȴû˿ı仯һƬ
ˣ
ڽ߲֯ԣһʶڳһʱɢ콣
ﬣ
̶쳹ʮֱ˲񷡣
ʮʥеķ̰˷ܶʱɢ˲٣Ľ⣬һ궼ʹɵһɴ̹ǵĺ
ֹסŲɿˡ
ֻǣǽѾ嵽̫ǰʱȻ˵ĺܿ죬ȴҲ޷ȫ߲ܿɢ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
̼䣬Ѫˮգ߲񽣵Ľ֮£ʮʥǱ顣


2011 
Ѫˮʺ죬һƬĿʮʥͬʱն飬һʿٴαɫ
ǣѱ
ʿʱܸӦϵ߲񽣵ĽĿֲ
ǵȽ·һС
ͬʱ׻С̫ҲǶݡ
Сӣܻǰѽˣ
׻ϲ߲ж£Բͨ켶Ȼ컽񽣣ôǰӦòΣˣϾܸоʿУǿҲʥΣȼˣס߲񽣵ơ
࣡
Ѫй䶯ѪˮԻ۵ͬʮʥնȴǲ࣬ʱؾ۳
㡭
ʮʥǿĴʥ죬ʱжֻرԴķ̰ʧĸ࣬ϵ߲񽣣ʥ̲ס
ϣ䵭Ŀʮʥץ߲񽣣ֱն¡
ﬣ
̶ʮʥǰһˡ
һΣƿ񽣻Ӷɱ֮ǰ࣬ˡ
۵һǰʥûüܱǱֱУһը
ңһΣûܹʥһ𱻽â
ˣ
һʥһһ͡
ʿ塣
ͬʱʮĸʥǲжֻرԴ̰ʧˡ
һ̣ЩʥǿûһԥȫԶݡ
ˣͱߣ
һ̼䱬콣߲ʽ縡ֱӽԲڵĿռȫʮĸʥȫС
ⱾԴ֮ʱ֪֮ԻᱻطһЩ˵ϣɢȥĵһʱֻ֣رԴԣڽⱾԴڶɽٵͬʱ̲ϵʶͨʶе߲񽣣һٹȥ˲乵ͨɹʶе߲񽣸Ӧ
ʱ߲񽣱ѾûжʥˣȴնԵĽ⣬Ըʥʿûκһ˿⡣
ңʱɢȥ߲ڲϣ߲Դ䣬֣ľڷɿĻָܴ߶񽣵ĽʱԽԽǿʮʥǸûпأܵס
ﬣ
סʮˣٴλӽһ߲ʽնһʥ
ʥֵֵȴסֱӱն飬󣬽âϣ۵һ֮նķ飬Ҳһ飬ɢ
֣һʥ
Զʿ̲סתۼѣʥǿ߱Ĩɱ
ңֻһѡ
ʮʥʱʣʮˣĸ
㣬㡭
ʮ˿죬һʱ䣬ɫǱޱȵѿ
ǿɹٺϢѾ˥˵͹ȣųûѹץ죬ȡֻرԴȴû뵽쾹Ȼôһֲ񽣡
̫ǿˣʹǿ־壬ʱ򣬻ѹľʹ
쿴ʮʥûаϻվԭأٴλӶ񽣡
וּһһΣâɳᴩա
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʥᴩըҲһ飬֮ͬǰ˰
һʱ䣬ʣµʮʥӾˡ
ססֻ֣һ˿õ˼ѣûнôҪɱǣ
˿ڵ
ʱʮռ䱻벻ˣе߲񽣵ĽǰĿֲǿⲻˣһֻʣ·ˡ
쿴򿪿ڵˣĮûʲôϻֱӾһնȥ
۵һûκ⣬ڵʥֱӱն
ѪƮɢա
תۣʮʥʣ¶ʮˡ
ˣ
֮ϣٹ߲ƶ߲ϼ£ûڡ
߲ϼ⣬ǴΰۣӵȥںʹΪɽٶҪɿݵʥɿĻָת֮ǻָɡ
ָɵʥɫҲٲ԰ףٴλӶ񽣡
וּһһΣߵɳ֮ǰӿ£ÿһⶼ׼ȷһʥǿϣתۼʹߵѪը鿪
߸ʥ
㡭ûκʧҪ̫ڲˣҪ̫
ʮʥʱʣ¶ʮˣ˿ڣʥסķ
ƫͷȥûκζĻ֮ǰһ㣬ֱһնȥ
ۣ
Ѫˮɽڵ˱ն飬ʮʥ㣬ֱ
ϣ߲ƶ߲ϼ£ʹʥʱָɡ
߲񽣣ɢĽƸ£·һն


2012 
̧ĶʮʥǿߣֱӾһն¡
וּһһĽ⼤ֱӽеһʥǿն飬ͬҲһ
㡭úݣѾɱʮˣҪ
ʣµʥУŭͬʱҲž֡
ƫͷȥĿĮ߲ŴĿâһնķ顣
һȺ˶ֻرԴѹıԴǶֺɱȴ˵Ļ
ʵģ
񽣣ݺᣬطɿռȫڽС
ʣµĶʮһʥǿ߸ΪȽ㤣ǲɵ÷
ƴˣ
˾ŭʥӿֱӽӴǿ
漴ͬһʱ䣬ʥǿҲһ֣֪첻飬ʱΪ˻ȫǿֶΣʮѹ졣
Įɢȥ߲ϼԲ£֣ʹľһƵվԭأӶе߲񽣣һն
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһ䣬ҰžֵĲҽУһһʥǿ̱ն
תۣʮʥʣһˣڽֵķΧУŵŵɵһˡ
ġ
Ȼ֪첻飬һʥǿ̲סġ
һ仰ҲûУ̧־һ۵һն
ȫˡ
ʮʥͣô
Զһʿ̲ס
߲񽣣ĿĮɨһʿ
˭ҪҵıԴ
䡣
⻰һһʿ͵һȫҡͷɵõŵŵˡ
ЦʮʥǿתۼͱĨɱЩʥµˣﻹȥжֻرԴģҲûǸʵ͵
ɨһˣ߲񽣣ϣ˶֮󣬽Ŀ˻
ˣ
ɢȥ߲ͷ˿˿Ƶ߲ϼ⣬ΰʱת̫ľɿ߲ϼ
ˣϵϢһƵıǿ
תۣӹȥ
ӹȥ߲Ƶľȫָʵ˲٣ʥӽˡ
ͬʱ߲΢ʧ
ವС̫Ͱ׻˹
ߡ
ɨطһʿкС̫Ͱ׻ֱӳԶȥת֮ʧһʿҰС
һʿվԭأ˽Ƿ¡
Ǳ񽣣̫ǿˣҲ׼ɣҪǿ
ǱʲôҪʣ
ֻ尡˵еʣδֹǿʣȻȻˡ
ҾȻ˴˵еǿʡ
⡭
ʿ뿪ķ򣬸ס˸
ֻ壬˵дδֹǿʣѹһѪκʺѪֻǰǲֵһᣬʣʿԭΪԶҲ֣ܳϾ̫쾪ˣȴû뵽ʡˡ
硭Ҫˡ
ϱʿ૵
һ죬ط£תͬ˳㣬˴˾ӻģҲٵĻ档
һʱ䣬𶯡
ֻ֡壿ˣ
ˡͥǰʱһֱ׷Ȼֻ壿
ֻ壬ֻ壬⣬⡭
ͬĵط˶ˡ
˵еǿʵ̫ˣȫˡ
ֻ壡
ģ
һϵĴڣһŽڣ⡣

ʱ䣬һ˲ȥա
磬һɽڡ
ɹ٣Ű׻С̫Զ뿪֮ǰɽٵĵط⴦ͨɽ֮ͣķʱطչȹ̾磬һء
Сӣ鷳˰
׻ĵ֮ɫ
ֻųǿ޿ǣֻرԴ;ؼһ屦һʥҩҪõȻͨ켶ǿҲ޷ֵסǵջ
ֻʱ¶ķԻһһϴڡ
֪Ǳ̬ʦ˼ҳҪĲˣ
Щ
ҡͷԼʦƯ֪Էʲôط
׻ҧǣƸԽ뿪磬ȥ½磡ЩֻرԴˣƶֻǻѰϲȥ¡
䣡
ͻȻԶǿʢʥʥϯӿ鸽ɽ
ɽѣɽҲű飬ʱ¶˵Ӱ
ֻ壬ҵˣ
ӰվڲϣϢˣס죬̰˷ܣֱӳȥ


2013 
ʱڣΪֻĳˣͬʱʱϣȻǿ߶ֻرԴһһǿ߶ˣټʱʥ켶ǿ߳ΪĺѣѰ·ɽʱʥ룬ʱ졣
ѹ
˾ϲ˷ܣȥһ˿ڣ˸ԽԳ
ֻ壬ǿʣʵıԴ̺޵ĿԣϹ屦

׻־ŭѾصôˣطǷǳͨɽһԣʿŶԣȴ룬Ŷ̶̼ʱ䣬Ǿͱˡ
Ҳɫأʥ˾켶Ϊʩչֻͼˡ
ߣ
ֻͼֱк׻С̫ߡ
߲ʱѾ޷ٻսǿվҲֻʥ˾켶Ϊתֻض󣬻Իɱʥһصǿߣʥڶصǿ߿⣬ʥ켶Ĵڣ;Ƕˡ
ವģһٶȷǳ죬صת۱ǳԶ
ӣ
ʥУ˿ڣ׷ϡ
졢׻С̫ʱǽٶȱ۷壬ʥȡ
תۼ䣬ʮɽ˦
ǣ
ֻ֡壡
⼸ʱֻϢ磬ҲΪֻòʿȻϵó졣
ǡ
ʥڡ
ˣ⼸ˣһǿֻرԴ
׷ʥЩʿȻµõ˵ĿģȡֻرԴΪЩѾǿѰˣĿĶֻرԴңʥе̰ڲס˲ܿǵͼ
ʥд̰˷ܣʱȻʿڿţȴҲ˿⣬ⱻΪǶаΪ磬̫ǿѰֻ壬ĿĶǶֻرԴô˶׷Ѱֻ壬ĿĶֻرԴˣǻʲôںģ
ವģ׷졢С̫Ͱ׻ٶȺܿ죬ת޾Զ
С̫׻һ·ӣ;ʿһʿǴ󾪡
תۣʮɽ˦ǳһȽϿƽԭشϣطʿˣǿȴûж٣ǿҲֻǴʥ
ֻ壡
ֻ壬ƽԭظʿǶݣжǲɵøâĹ⣬ÿ˶žɫ𺳣һ̶Ŀ졣
ؼδֹʣǿʣǿѪ벻עĿС
ʥ׷ʱҲ׷ƽԭء
ˣʥأǡ
ֻرԴ
⴦ƽԭصʿȻҲʥ׷ֻһ˲֪ǵĿġ
ֻ壬ǿʣǿѪΪʣ治֪˻Ǳ
̾
ֻǿ죬δ޵еʱ
Ȼֻһ¶ǿ죬ɱ֮
Ǹǻ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһһٶȿ켫ʥ˵ľԽԽڽƽԭغƽС̫Ͱ׻Զ
ֻ壡ǵģ
д˷ܣ̰֮ɫڵס̧֣ץȥ
ԵС̫Ͱ׻˿Ҳ⡣
תۼ䣬˵Ĵ̽ͷʥ֯ϡ
Ҳʱһ·ǰӵתд֮ɫ
˫ּʥƣΪ貣ʱ¶һʥӡԵϢֱӺƵһɽϢˡ
ʥʱһ⡭
͸ǣ
ֱӴ˵ĻеʥӡӻԵֱӱֶ䵽ʥϡ
ʥӡΪڿڤã֮ǰʱ֮ԸͥǸʥͻȻ֣ûʹñӡԻ١񣬱ʥһ·׷ɱУֻڼ򵥵ܣʥӡԻ٣ʱԻٹ̴ﵽ㡣
䣡
ӡ䵽ʥԣһʱըĺֱûķ
Ȼ˷ǳ£൱һʥǿԻ٣ˡ
ʥ켶ǿܣһʱǱӡԻٹĻûвҽͬʱҲŷŭѪը֮ϡ
˵ɳϣʯɽرըһֱҵĴӣ˷ǳңӡԻٺĻӣŸԶĵطɢȥ
;һر̮ˡ
⣬⡭
һĻ⴦ƽԭظһʿǲ𺮲


2014 ̿
ʥıԻ٣ǵȻǷǳˣһ·ɢ
תۼ䣬ӳȥɣըһֱﵽɵĴӡ
ɳƮڿУϢ֯Уˡ
ͬʱҲѪͲйƮڿУըʥǿߡ

ŭЩʥǿ飬ҲһѺۣȴվûлٵʱ¾۳
¾۳ʥ˵ɫǱһƬ԰ף˥̫ࡣ
һʥԻ٣ǵȺ˵Ļ֮ǱֱûܹѾ漣ˡ
㾹Ȼˣ
ǿ죬ŭѣʥȳɵʥǿҲûһ쾹ȻԻһʥԸǣõ
֮ǰǶ˵һǳǿ񽣣Ǳ񽣣ܻɱͨʥǣȴ⣬ϾǿǴʥ죬һһܻɱͨʥ񽣣ǲвĵǣţֻرԴǱҲһõȴ룬ʱֱԻһʥԸǣһ㣬ǸûԤϵֱˡ
쿴ˣʱޱȣпᣬһǿ˹ȥ
ʥӡԻ٣ʱʥ˼صˣսﲻͨʥˮ׼࿰ʥ켶ʿοܻټɵ
ٶȷǳ죬ת۱ǿ絽˽ǰֱ̧֣Ӷȭѹ¡
ˣ
ʥ˾۷Ϊ߶ȭȭˣա
ʥͷƤһŭӣٺˡ
ȭƣ۷״̬ʱ⣬˿̣Իٵʥӡ˼صˣоõԵסȭ
Ǻ˵ٶȺܿ죬ȭƸ졣
һ̣ȭƽֱ֡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʥ˲ϢǱһȭȫ顣
Ϊʥ켶ǿߣ˵ķǳǿᣬȭ֮ûлתۼؾ۳
ߣ
һҧвʣɱ⿴һֱۣ롣
ֻرԴջޣʱ򣬱һԻٵʥӡУȫ˼صĴˣѾԶԶӲ۷弶սʱսѾԶĶֻ֣ˡ
ֻرԴȻ޾ջϼֵȴɸҪѾȷ᲻ֻرԴ£ǱҪ
䣡
ʱ쫷ϯ׻˹ٶȺܿ죬ʥ˼ֱѹˡ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫Ҳһ˫һɫ˲鲼ʮ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һΣʥ飬Ѫա
˸Ӿŭɿؾ۳
յģ
׻䣬һߡ
ѽ
С̫ˣɫ⡣
пᣬվһλϣС̫׻һ𣬳֮ƣʥΧм䣬ʥ˼ѹֱ֯ӽʮռա
ʥһ㣬ǡ
ܸоʱʮռ䱻ˣȫû·
춢ʥһƬ䡣
֣ôô

ֱӶˣɫĴ״ӿյʮնΪ֮Ťֱӳʥǿûȥ
תۣɫȫû

һʱ䣬ʥҽУޱϵҪϵĻ棬ȴǷ֣ˡ
飬ʱ͵򶼷ٻٵھĿһƵȼ˵Ѫ⡢ꡢԴʶ̾ʹޱȣȫһַ˵Ŀ̡

˲ҽУѪһıջҽѪˮһ㱻ȼʥҲһ㱻ٻ٣ʹൽ˼㣬ȫ˵طķ
С̫˫һ׵ɫӿΪ츳ʱӿˣĳ£һȼ˵Ѫ⡢ꡢԴʶ
֮ǰĹž˲٣һָʴǵķǳһԣ
׻Цʥ˼ӿݻڴһƬֱӽ֡

£˾ĲҽУڵϲסķס
⣬⡭
ƽԭظʿһĻ˵ĲҽУǲɵ÷ʱܸоĳʥŷ˵Ŀ̣˵
סס֣סְ󡭡㡭ס
ҽ·ԹںУֻžͷƤ飬˵Ѫ⡢ꡢʶͱԴһ㱻ȼգͷڱһ㸯ʴ̲סġ


2015 
ʥǿҽУڵϷȻ֪첻飬ȴɻǶ϶ģʵʱǳܵʹ̫
ƽԭһʿֻǿһĻͶ̲ס
ᣬ⼸ֻرԴȻº͵ĶԴ̵ֶĨɱǣ⴦ƽԭظʿ֪Ĵ֮ˣֻرԴҪøʹĴۡ
ȻʵôʵΪıԴʿԣջ̫ˣջһʿηĳ
ˣôˣ٣ôһ̶Ͻ

ҽطϻص
ʥסɫͰ׻ʩչĹ֣Գŷĥ
ǵڱһȼգѪҺһһ𣬹ͷһ㸯ãȥޱˣͷƤ顣
Ȳҽ˰ʱʱ䣬޾ʹʧѪ⡢ꡢԴʥȱԼɫȫջ٣ͷ׻Ĺȫʴ趼һ㱻ոɡ
⣬⡭
áúݣ
ƽԭظһʿһĻ̲ס£ˡ
űߣλҽڵϣɨ⸽ʿûطɣֱк׻С̫뿪
Ǹո뿪طһ˲䣬ԶʮͬλϣпµĲ֣֯ʥȫǳط
ߣ
ͳк׻С̫ٶȳżԶȥһʧ
ʥӡԻ٣սֻӦʥһصĵˣԶʱ򸡳ʥ˲֮ǰǿɵСЩˣܹоĳԶǳֻرԴ
뿪һ˲䣬ʮӰԶȫʥͷ
Щ˳ط˲䶢ס뿪ķжǴڵ̰໥ɨʥͷǿߣǷһĳ׷ȥ
ǣЩˡҲΪֻرԴ
ЩˣƺǲͬĲ̵棬ȴȻȻˡ
طʿݣͬʱҲ̾ϢֻΪ˵õֻرԴһɢǿߺһȫֻ֣ˣ»ܱ

뿪֮ǰǴƽԭأŰ׻С̫ٶ룬ʱѾ뿪˷ǳԶɽ˦
׻Сӣ֮ǰү˵Խ½ȥ
üͷֻˣҸܴܿŵĵط
ڣǿ׷ѰʱƬʵ̫ΣˣԶԣ뿪ȥ½Ҫȫܶࡣ
һ棬ԽʹãƬ￪ͨ½ŻҪһʱ䣬ܱ˸ţʧܣңʹԽҲ˿򣬱˿ȥ½磬ǺʹûʲôˣԻ׷ȥ
£׷½ˣ׼ϵĴڣʱ򣬿ܻ½һЩҪѣԣʹԽԲܱ˿
£Ͱ׻С̫ٴ٣һЩ̵λöȥ
䣡
ʱʥԶԼʥͷĿѹ
֮ǰʮʥͷǿߣʱƽˡ

׻ŭ
Щ˾ô׷ʹǸûȥ֮ʩչԽ
ɫҲǺܳأк׻С̫롣
׻С̫ٶû죬תֻضֻرԴȫ£ʮʵӣ֮߶ǲŰ׻С̫һԶݡ
Ȼˣʮʥͷǿ׷֮ľ룬ڲϵٶȱʩչǲҪһЩ
ɫ̫ÿȴҲܾʹͣ£ٶȼԶӡ
ãӶݵķϳһһʿֻ壬ľ󣬿ʮʥǿ׷ɱҲǶݡ
棬ǸǾתʥԺ𣬾׷ɱֻ壬ҪֻرԴ
úĸ׻ڵʥɹŵһ⡭
ֵᾹȻҲҲ
ʿݣϳʮʥͷǿߣһԺܲĴ̡
ЩʿųԾ󣬵ȴǱһ·ӵ˹ȥ
ú׻ڣɹŵ񰳡ɨһʮϴе֣Ǵ;ʿ׷ɱʮʥĴУֻرԴӽǸԵĴȫ𣡡


2016 
ֻʱ¶޶Թ׷ɱԼǱеĹ屦һزʶˣȡֻرԴȻ޾ŭɱ⡣
ſ񣡡
ʮʥȻõ̰֮ͬʱ
׷֮ľ벻
Ű׻С̫һ·ɶݣԽһһɽʮʥǿ֮ľԽԽֻвǧˡ

ҧ
ӶݵĹУ֮ǰһֱڽĹͨʶе߲񽣣ǣΪʹùã߲ȫûκλӦ
ͬʱҲڼʥԴҪ˫ۣȻ޹
ŭͬʱȻҲޱȽľ̫ˡ
ȻˣȴҲܷС̫Ͱ׻Զݡ
ܿ죬ʮɽ˦ʮʥǿߣӵĽˡ
߲ˣ
ʮʥУ˶֣۷弶ʥѹֱֳ̧ץȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮʥǿҲŶ֡
һʱ䣬ʮʥϢӿƺƵʮռԸ
ʮˣʱһ֣û໥Էȴڽ䱸ˣΪֻֻһֻܱеһ˵õ˭ץֻ壬֮󶼽ʮ˵Χһ˶Ǻڽ䱸
ҧʮ۷弶ʥѹʥܣֱӳֻͼӭȥ
ͬһʱ䣬׻С̫ҲǿֶΣӭʮʥǿߵĹ
תۼ䣬˫ʥײһ
¡һطʮնʱưܣһɽֱӱ顣
쵱ĺɣɫһ԰ףѪˮӿ
Ϊֻ壬ǳǿֻرԴȫ⣬ֻضʩչǿĨɱʥһصǿߣʮʥǿߣȻǶ֣Ȼס˶ԷĹԼȴ˲ˡ
ͬʱ׻С̫ҲǾʱҲˡ
Ļ󲿷ȥ˵Ĳء
ߣ
ҧŰ׻С̫ɶݡ
濹⣬Щ˵Ķ֡
ʮʥĮ̰һ׷ȥ
תۼ䣬һʱȥ
һʱʱʮ۷ʥ׷첻ϼֻͼԻһһڴӿڤʥ˼ʮʥ׷ȴ޷˦ʮˣ˸صˣھʹ
һʱ󣬸ɽ˦ٶȱı֮ǰ˲١
䣡
ҲʱӶݷǰʥ֣Ϣʮʥǿ߸ӿ£ֹסǰĲ
ǰλãһַ֣߳ס죬˫۶ˣʱȴǳ˾âԶ֣ԹȰٶȳ
ʥ𼶣
ɫøѿʮ۷ʥ׷ʱǰȻֳһʥǿߣڳ
׻С̫ҲǱɫȻ˺ַߵǿߣʥѹ̫
ģ
׻ŭ
ʮ۷ʥǿҲǶݣû뵽ʱǰһʥ
ʥǿ߳ץ죬ʮ۷ʥɵöͣ¶ʵı顣ֻرԴֻرԴޱȿ󣬵ʱһʥǿ߳ڶ֣ȥ᣿ʥǿǰǺϲࡣ
¡һʥ𼶺ַ̽Ĵӡת۱ǰٶȼ졣
ҵģ
ĺֱַӷɡ
һɿµϢ֣ΪһϹ꣬ͫ׳ʹɫƷǳµĲɺַߺֱץ졣
ɫٱ䣬۷ʥʥڣȻһף
ŭ̲סһ׼Ϲֹ̽ȫˣʱȫˡ
ͬһʱ䣬Աߣ׻С̫ҲһܵӰ죬һ㣬Ϲ׼ѹѹȣҲûа취ˡ
ʮ۷弶ʥɫҲǷǳѿ׼ǿ߶ˣֻرԴǳԵˣȻֲǡ漴ǶڵһʱԶˣ׼ǿ߶ѹ죬ǾλòǺԶǵѹޱȵܣһСģǵѹ顣
ܿ죬ʮ˳Զ׼Ϲߣ̽Ĵѹͷ
ӭ׼ǿߵܴѹ䣬Զȴڽͨʶе񽣣ͬʱϣ˫ۡ
Ϊ˫ۣʶе񽣣ߺһҲܵס׼ǿߣȴܾܲȥκεĵֿ
ҲʱһϣӺ䡣
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ֵϹֱӴֱ飬Ҳһը


2017 ͨ취
ʺѪˮУĿģط˶ǲɵһ
һ׼ǿߣô򵥱Ĩɱˣʧ
ѹֵ׼ǿʱܹˣԵĺ꣬ݣ¶һ˿ϲɫһˣ棡
лǰ

֣죬д˿˿âˣҾȡ
û뵽󱲹ϵõ࣬ȻǴ˵еֻ塣
֮ǰûи֪£ǰ¡
ٴ
治Զǳм
漴˿Աߣûм̲סʵǸһأ
µйؿڣѪչأ֪¡
ڱչأԭΪ紫º󵱼ݣѪչصĵطһ󣬶ǰΪ֪ܲĺ󱲵ѣȻܲ
˵ţ죬ԭͺٵӱø䣬΢΢üͷ
ǰôˣ
濴üЩŹֲ⡣
ûʲô
ҡͷֻЩ
ǰ˼̫ʱˣ
ѽ
׻С̫Ⱥ󿪿ڣʱˣ򣬺롣
Զ֮ǰ׷ɱʮ۷ʥʱǲɵöݣԱɫ
⣬
ǿԵ棬Ҳû뵽ȻôµˣȻһͽ֮ǰֵ׼ĨɱˣǺεȲεĴڣ
ǵȻüȴ˿Ҳû⡣
һȺʥ벻ۡ
ߡ

ͷͰ׻С̫һ𣬵Զȥ
¡
ͻȻط𶯣Ͳпѹʮ
ƿӰпֻܹļʿµĹ֮УĮᣬ·Ǽڻڶ
ˣ
˳ֵ˲䣬ͬʱ֣ȫ̧ץȥ
һʱ䣬˵ѹƵط񷶼ɫӿ
һĻʹ
ֻ֣ԳѹоһӱƬĴûˡ
ͨͨ켶
׻С̫ҲǱɫ
Զʮ۷ʥǾ壬Ȼͨ켶һ
¡
ֻӡڱʮͨ켶𶯣ƺҪ
ת۶ѣֻӡͷ
ʮڣһжѹ
䣬һᡣ
䣡
ϵУͻȻһɫ⣬Ϣڷӿһɱ⣬ÿһǿֲ㡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ֵֻһʱ䱻飬еӰͬʱ䱻ĺˡ
һĻʹʮ۷ʥٴĲ
ͨͨ켶
ǿ棬
֮ǰĨɱһ׼ǿߣǾѾǸоֲܿȴû뵽ֲһͨ켶ڣҲһͨ켶ǿߣȻ׵ľͽʱֵͨ켶ڸɡ
ҲǶݣΪǿ𺳡
еͨ켶ڱʮԶסΡ
ǻĹǰպյ棬ԭʼȻ£
һ˳վһȻ֦ͬ
ͷ棬ùĶ͹
䣬ͬεǿߣ˿ҲУǿƶԵ
ͨ켶УݣӸ䵭Į
֮ͨȻѾûĻ֣ͨ쾳ԲеľͷߵĲΣֻرԴ̤ͨ죬ﵽ߾硣
һ˵
վһⱦâиǿӿͨ켶ѹԡ
һʱ䣬ط񷶼ƺҪ׹
ͨѹأȫϣʹǺݺһ
ʥ˾죬ͨ켶ǿߵѹ£ֻоϱһѾɱУʱܱɱиͷ­
һ̣һϵͨ켶ѹʧˡ
ôǹˣ
䣬ȵͨ켶ѹֱӽ˵ѹ˿ȥ
󣬺¡һһͷɵӰ֣֯ź˵Ϣ硣
Ӱͨǿ߽΢뱻Զ
ͨ취ࣿ
ͫ׽һͬʱ䶯ݡ
ͨ취࣬ͨ켶ҲûжܹǷǳֲֶΡ
䣡
պҲʱĮӰֱӶˣ˿Ҳ飬޴צѹ䣬գͨ켶ǿͬʱ¡


2018 
ͨ취ࡰʥӰһطʮϢˡ
צѹ£ͨ켶ͬʱ֣Ե
ͨ켶ڽǶݣͺ𣬸Զͨ켶ӭϾ
һʱ䣬طֹӰֱ֯ӻһƬ
վıֱᣬľѹ¾צͨ켶ڳײһܵסһ˲󣬱ǻļѹ¡
˳ͨ켶ھצ£顣
һĻʹطһʿǶݡ
ǿ
¶â
ּҵڣǡ˲ð
׻ۡ
ѽ
С̫ҲŴ۾
ͨ쾳Σѻֳоյ㣬ܹﵽεˣûһǼ֮ͨʺǱܣͨ켶ڣȴǱһ˸ѹˣȥ洦ھԵϷѲ˳Ծ𺳡
䣡
ͨǿ߶ײ˱ѹͨ취֮£ʥһ㱻ѹ飬ɫЩ
ͨ취Ȼһ㣬ֻһ˶ѣһˣվޣͨ켶ǿУһ˿ڣ䣺գֻҪˣ
仰£¡һͨʥⱩǣתۼͬŭ㷭ӿ
ط̼ƱãʮΪ֮ʧɫ
ϵϢתۼﵽһǳֲĸ߶ȣͨ취צʼϳ
춯ݣͨ취࣬ʱȻ˳Żˣٱѹơ
ԱߣС̫Ͱ׻ȻҲΪ֮ݣɵֶ¶ĵı
ԶЩĵطһʼ׷ɱʮ۷ʥ¶ɫ󶼰߬ȭͷʱǵϣ汻ͨ켶ɱϾһߵˣڻ죬ţ֮ڳΪծǿɾȫˡ
ʥܽ֯ͨ켶վһͨʥңͨ취಻ϱ𣬾޴צʼ
ͨ취࣬ǿֶΰɣһ˶ѣͨ취Ҳãߣٵֵҵȣҵȿɷһ
У֮ǰڵͨ켶ֵ
վǰĮ³ĸֻۣӡ
⻰ʹһ춼⣬ͨ켶ǿߣӡ
һ̣ƬСش𶯣ͨ취⻪ʢٴΰθߣϢ֮ǰתǿʮ֮࣬˳ľ޴צٴѹ¡
һΣצѹµٶȲǻһѹֱ̬¡
͵ͨ켶ǿ߳ʥ̼䱻ѹ֧顣
˴ȣ㡭
䣡
צѹ䣬ͨ켶ڸǣʮֱѹȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫ֯צ֮£ͨ켶ڵһʱǷ鿪
һĻٴ졢׻С̫Զʮ۷ʥɫ
ͨ켶ڣ㱻ʥ
࣡
Ѫ䶯ͨ켶Ȼûôױɱתؾ۳
¾۳˵ɫǱ
һ˿ڣ棬Ȼܿɡ
䣡
ʮ˵Ļӱ䣬ͨ취ٴѹˡ
һΣͨ취Ʊøˣʮٴν˸ǡ
ɫ䣬ͺ𣬳ǿӭϡ
ϣճƬı̮˵ӭͨ취࣬Ҷ
ۣ
ѪŽһֱӱ顣
Ҳ֧ʥͨ취Ҳķ顣
겻࣬ʱ򣬱Աޱ
𶯣ɢ貵Ļâ
ʮž
̮
ף
ͺ˵걬ǿĻâ˵Ϣֱӳ
쵱ݣʩ֯Ĳʵ̫ǿˣ𺳣ʱоʮضΪϢ仯ƺع𶯡
׻С̫ԼԶʮ۷ʥҲɫΪϢ
䣡
Ϣնϣ档
ͨ취࣬һαס˵Ĵһ֮ǰһ㡣
˵ˣһˣסҵȣ
귢⣬һ֧ڱ棬һؾ۳
Ϣļ¡
ͨ巨һ㱻ӭ˵ڴɺ޲
һ̣ͨ취ɢĹâŨϢ֮ǿʮ
͵ģͨǿ߳ĴǱѹ顣
ӱ䣬ǰһͨ취øǿٴˡ
㡭
ͨ켶ǿ߱ɫͨ취࣬Ȼǿ
ҲԾͨ취࣬ʥӰʱѾθߵ˽ɸߣ·ʥһ㣬ǵϢϺš
䣡
ͻȻѿˣһֻڵĴִ̽ħӿץ


2019 ƹ
ڴѹ䣬ħ죬ѹʮ·һħڳ֡
һʱǵħϣ궼˲ˡ
о˼ֲϢʱͨ巢ѹŵˡ
ڣǿ
ͨ켶
Զ׷ɱʮ۷ʥ̲סһ
ѹŶͨ켶ǿߣƶĿ⿴ѹħƣһߣľʥӰ̽һֻ֣ͨâ𶯣ӭħơ
תۼ䣬ײһ𣬱һĻ֮⡣
ħƺˣѣ¶һħâеӰһƬɭ̡
ħ
ĮȻϵˡ
ħħâ֮УϢǿ棬һ겻ַɡ˵ţĿɨ죬΢˫ֿۣ棬ҶѾͨ쾳޾£д˵ǿʵıԴ˵ܴﵽߵľ磬ֺαػࣿҺȡ䱾ԴרУʱձضΪʱȻ׷Ҳǲܡ
濴ħĮͨ취ѹһʼֵͨ켶ڣֱ̧֣һĹȥ
ªĶ
ѹ䣬Ƶͨ취ƾǸ˼֣š
ͬʱͨ취һ𶯣ѹ֮ǰˡ
ħһһߣֱֳ̧Ĵӭϡ
֣Ҫִ̫Ī飡

治ԻӦֻʼĮøǿâնϡ
ħٴߣħâһһħӰӭȥ
߶ײתۼ䣬ط󣬾κһӿȥ
ս֣¡
һߣ֮ǰͨ켶ǿȴЩˣͨ취֮£ħײĻʥ֮£Ӳⴴ˿ը
ʹ춯ݣͨûκС̨׵Ļ֣սǿҲǷ࣬һ̣˳ʣԶȲħ
ħ£
ħͷ޾ħâ۳һڵħ̣·һ㣬ѹ䡣
ħһʮش󶯵·һ̾Ҫ٣Щˡ
Ŀ䣬Ŀâͷʵʥӭħħ̡
Ȼһڼǿ
ͬʱͨ취һצ𶯣ٴѹһʼֵͨǿߡ
áǿƣ
׻¡
ҲǶݣʵǺǿǿƣӭսֲħͬʱɲɱһʼͨǿߡ

һʼֵͨ켶ǿǾŭʱͨ취ǿˡ
˵ͺ𣬸ִͨ취ӭϣħս档
䣡
תۼ䣬ط˷ͨ켶ǿսһϢ
񷣬ڱѣأڳݣյٶԶԶϱٻٶȡ
ֱֱĿǰ߬ȭͷ
ʱΪսһĸͨ켶ǿߵĹɱмͬʱҲǣֵס
ϾǿҲֻһ˶ѣͬʱĸͨǿߣܲá
䣡
ͻȻԶոһɼǿϢһ޾ѪâеӰ֣ΨһƬڣڶ㣬ٶȿ쵽㣬ת۱ǰϵ޾ѪâѪɫУɶȥʮռ䶼
쵱ɫֹסĳѪɫڱȥ͵ֵס
Сӣ
׻С̫󾪣ץסһֵֻ֣ѪɫеȻȴûһãΪеħ˴սʱֵˣͨ켶ǿߣȲεĴڣεס

ͷĿĺ⣬ͨ취һαɱѪӰ
ͬһʱ䣬ħͨ켶һ֣ҲѪâӰȻȻҪ죬ΪֻǵĿ꣬ʱȻǲĿֻ屻˶ߡ
ֻǣѪӰٶ̫ˣͣѹѪӰһʱԸϵϡ
ѪӰڣһ˵Ѫɷ֮Ѫɫзӿת۱ǰֻ壬ա
䣡
ͻȻձѣ飬һŻһĿʥͻأгƿɹᴩأѪӰѪӰĻϡ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ʥٶȿ켫ҲǿѪӰᴩ
ͬʱһӰŻڳѪɫУ졢׻Сֵ̫һλϡ


2020 ͨ켤ս
ͨƹӰΪһԼʮҵޣ룬䣬ɢϢǿʢƹ⣬ǿԽһ
챻ƹݣǰ
׻С̫Ҳ΢΢ɫ
ѽ
С̫ĳȹ¶һ˵ģ
ޣȻƣ˿̳Ƿ鷳
ͨƹ⣬졢׻С̫ѪӰо£һ۵꣬Ŀϣ࣬ᱲһپ
꣬ΪС̫콻̸һʼû̫죬ֻΪйض죬󣬼ս̫ϣһ˫۵˶սʱǾͷǳˣΪķǷȡ
ʵָżԴ磬ȴ֪£˫ܵ˵⣬ȻǴ˵ǿֻ塣
֮ǰδ֪ǰ¡ͬһʼǰǸѯʣǰƣѾȫָˣ
Ƶͷĸع飬޾µķֻЧǵȻ壬Сһ֮ǰļѪȻ׻ָ
Ǿͺãϲǰ

ƵͷĿϣӣøˡ
ƣ
ɭѪɷ֮񱩣ᴩѪӰ޸ĿԵޱȱȻϵơ
һߣħƣƣ㾹Ҳйأ
ͨǿͫ΢û뵽ʶ⾹ϵơ
ƵǿǶ֪ڻĹǰסʵǳֲ
ɨѪӰħͨǿߣĿϣ겻Ȼţû
㻯˻ңҲɲ𡣡

Ȼʶġ
û˵ʲôƶĿ⣬ٴɨѪӰħͨǿߡ
ֱӶ֣ƹƵһǿƣֱӳǿѹȥ
Щֻ߲رԴǲܵ£Ȼ߲ܣǾֻܶǿĨɱ
ƣǺͻĹǰһ׿񣡡
ħߣħ޾ħӰ˻ء
ѪӰڣ޵׵ĺڶݻһһѪɫУÿһѪɫж·һеʹطնɵ
ͨ켶ǿҲһֲ֣ͬĴԻǷǳĿ¡
Įһ𶯣ˣʹʮض
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ħ˼ܵһʱ䱻ķѣƴӿͬʱˣԽͨ켶ǿߣѪӿѪˮԿ
һȻһ֪ƺǿȴû뵽ôǿͬʱͨ켶ڣȻ˲Ϣ佫˵ͨ飬ҽеͨǿ߻ˡ
ȻĹǰǿЩ
лһĨâ
漴һ̣Ҳһζˣͨ취һøһɱħˡ
˿̵뷨ɺһҪֻرԴߣôֻ
ƿ棬ָͨ취ٴѹħˡ
Ȼǿȴֻ˶ѣǣˣҵȺһս֮ƽֻرԴ
ħ
ԣ
ѪӰͷڣѪɷ֮⣬ɭ䣬Ǿ
û
ͨ켶ǿߵͷ
£˿ʼսս໥ڣ໥ϣ˲Ϣǿ˲١
һʱ䣬˶սƺ棬ֻ֮֮ݺᣬϢˡ
䣡
طղϱ飬񷲻ѣϳݣܿ¡
ǣĩڽ١
һ߿ţ𺳣ͨ켶Ľ̫ˣһһǰź˵ĻսҲȺ嫴ܹܣ½ͨ磬Ҫ˶þͻΪȲεս١
ͨ찡֪үʲôʱܴﵽȸ߶ȣ
׻߬ȭͷ
ǰʥ⡢âħֲһײ˴ѷ¡
ȫʱϾˣ⡣
ƶ
ֻԻһһǿߴڣ֮ͨ켶ǿߣȻǿǣҲܹסʱ鷳ˡ
ͷȻƵ˼΢ͨ취ʧҡһ䣬ֱӻû壬¶һͷɾɣϢ˲䱩ǣǿʢ
ɫһ춯ء
ͬһʱ䣬ٴ¶壬漴ȫƹ⣬·ƹ⹹ɣҲ㣬ɸߣƹһһٲ֮һ𣬺ƺƵĳħѹ䡣


2021 һ˿
ƣ棬߶ڻĹʱӵźպĴڣʱһ֣ҽչֱ壬ɿµͨ켶һʱʮؽԴ
ԭʼƹԭʼ𶯣໥ڣѹħˡ
ħͨ켶ǿҲˣӭʱɢϢδ˿⣬ͬһʱ֣Գǿǿ
䣡
˫ײһֱط֯ĺ˷籩ӿȡ
漴һ̣ƺģħȫɡ
ǿ
¶ɫĿⲻɵþ˸
Աߣ׻С̫ҲǶݡ
λȻף
׻ۡ
ͨڣʱƺ澹Ȼһνоͽͨǿͬʱɣʵò𺳡
ħ˱ɣʥǲɵ÷ӿɫǱѿЩ
˺ɱƣȻȴתۼ䱻˻ˣЩ
Ͳţˣвˣ
ħ
Ż䣬¡һ⣬ħӿ֮ǰ˲Ϣʮ
ѪӰͨ켶ǿҲ𶯼ʥǿϢ
ɱ
ѪӰɭѪɷϢȣһһѪɫиɵء
תۼ䣬ߴǿһսһͨ켶棬ɢʥܡ
һ߾Ŀţ֣ƺռžϷ
˵Ľ棬вɵøһƵĹ˵Ľޱȼңһһʽ·̺ſĥһеͬʱҲŷǷĵϣʱ򣬿˼ҽ棬оԼڶʱڷ·ѧ˲٣õ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ͻȻԶͬķֳ˵Ϣ
⣬Խ֯ͨ켶ѹȫʹʥ嵱ݲ
֡ͨ켶ڣ
Զ֮ǰ׷ɱʮ۷ʥ΢
ͨڣ֪в߼ڣƽռ䣬ѿһȼǿߣΪֻ壬طתʮȲεĴڡ
ˣ
һźԶǽ֣̽ħ˼սץȥͨѹʮ
ƺʱչű壬ɸߣᣬƹ𶯣˲ƶ㣬˲Ϣǳǰ
𣡡
һХдʮأֻȫ顣
ֱֻ飬ͨǿԳӰûκͣ٣ɢϢԸǿʢ
һ񷶼Ⱦ˻ɫܱ䣺නˣ޵аˣ
ƣǿƾˣı䲻˾ƣסֻ壡
а
න˺͹޵û˵ʲôֻǳָ
һߣħѪӰͨ켶ǿһ֣һ߿棬һƶλã򿿽ҪʵŻֻرԴ
ǵչֳҪС࣬޷ȣսȴǿ
ᣬɫһֱӾ籩ǿˡ
ƾǣ᲻ʲô
ƿڣӭųනˡ޵ͱаƱøӿ¡
תۼ䣬ٴκսаȰ˴ͨ켶ǿߡ
аȰ˴ͨ켶ǿߣʱȻǺĬĺΧƺ棬Ͼһ񶼺ҪֻرԴֻȽƺ档
䣡
ʮͨ켶ǿ棬ĽøӼңϢһϯ

׻ҧ
ʱƺһӭϰ˸ͨǿߣԱϷˡ
߬ȭͷɫǺܺÿһȻҲǿһ㡣
䣡
ǰʮͨǿ߼ҽ棬սϯϣӿȡ
ƣ棬ȥǵסǣαΪֻҵȼսǿܻ޵ڣн֯տɫԣͣ£ҵһƽֻرԴδԽң򣬲𣿡
˵Ȼͨ켶ǿߺ˸ͨ켶ǿ͹档
ƺ⣬ƹӿǺǿʢ
סǣ
ƿڣӱø䣬¶һ˿Ŀɫ
漴һ̣⣬ԭʼƹһɷǳϢƵ
Ϣһطһ˲·ֹͣϢںԭʼƹУһϯ޵
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
촫޵˵ʥ̼飬ȫѪɣϽǳһѺۣѪɫӿȥĿġ
㡭
סɫ΢䡣
΢һĨâ
ͬһʱ䣬΢¶âһ˿Ϣ


2022 ͥϮ
Լûƿ򣬵ǶϢȴǺϤϾƿдܹΣϢȻǺ׷ֱ
ʱĸоƼǵϢڣϢȻֻзǳ΢ĩһ˿ȴɷǳ£һع
ͻȻƹʱԷ˵ǿһ˿ڿƴ˿̽һ˿֮չ˳
㾹Ȼ
ħ˽ʱɫɫòÿ
ǶоˣղƼƹУϢȻǳ΢ȴļ£Ͼǿ֮ûмܹƿء
ֳΪطһֹ֮Խɵֻһ˿Ǿͷǳˣ¡
ɷ񵲵סǣ
䣬ϢƹڣȻ΢ȴԵúˡ
Ȼ棬Ҳ˾â
ħɫЩÿˣනֻһ˿΢֮ѣ㲻򣬲ܹѹƵסǣ

а
ϣ޾Ʒӿ»ûΪΣ΢Ϣϣǰǿѹන˺ͱаȫУԣ
Įµ˲ֱӶˣԼϢƹ⹥
¡һдϢƹ⣬Ȼֻһ˿ѣȴǿˣƴ߶ƹ֮ڣƹ֮һбǲɵ
аȰȫ֣ͨ˹ͨѹۺһӭսƣȻȴһϱĺˣͨܡ
쿴սٴᵽĿ£ƽֻǿһ˿ѣȴǾܽսȲΣʱһˣȻϷ
һ֣ٶǣ
ƿڣ˵
ƿصֻһ˿ѣʱƾһ˿֮ѹ˸ͨǿ߱Ѿﵽˣþ˴뿪鷳Ϊؼͨ켶ǿ߿ɲֻǰЩˣʱϵľˣͨ켶ǿߣȻһ˿ϢҲᵲסϾûƿ
ͷȻдƹˡ
䣡
һʱ䣬طӿʮͨǿٴμսһ
һΣħ˿ʼúǱԭͱһ˿Ϣѹƣʱټ룬ֱ·Ƭ֮ǱѪ
ˣ
Աչͨ취࣬ͨ취ʮ֮࣬չһϢˣֱӳŰ˸ͨ켶ǿһ䡣
ͬʱʱ΢һ˿ͨ취һ
Ѫˮһ䣬˸ͨ켶ǿͬʱķ顣

˱Ͼͨ켶ǿߣȻƺˣȴĥ𣬻貣תۼ۳һκսһ
ȴɴھԵ·һһαĺɡ
ϣҪͨ켶ǿˣ
׻һ߿սһ
촦һߣҲǺͰ׻һ뷨ŲҪͨ켶ǿΪֻرԴ֮ľ棬޷ˡ
䣡
ͻȻԶգŹǿϢ֣ÿһɶ֯ͨѹ
쵱ݣǸɫһǱѿ
ŵӰ֣Źͨѹֱϣһ˲·׹ѩԨޱܣͬ궼ô̹Ǳ·屻ˡ
ͬʱ׻С̫ҲǱɫǲΪ֮һ
ǿƿһ˿ͨ취࣬ƣ棬ǵĺܲ
Į𣬴һ˿⣬ԶŵӰǶһ˿ڡ
˳֣ħ˽ͫһɫ
Ľҹනͫһͳͥˣ
ƿˣеĿ⣬Ϣøǿƹʮ
ͬʱɢϢǱøǿĿŴ˿ǰľˡ
ͥ
ҧͥҲıԴˣһˣȫͨ켶ڡ
Զ֮ǰ׷ɱʮ۷ʥȻҲǱɫ̲סһΪֻرԴȻȻͥҲˣоŸ
ͥɸͨ쾳ڶǴﰡȻһ˾ˣ
ͥľŴԶӽܿڽǰ֯ŵϢޱȻ񣬱ħ˶ҪǿĿĮɨ档
ȡֻ壬·һΣһҲˣ
һ˿ڣºֱӱǶˣãٶȿ켫һһֱȡȥ


2023 ʦ
ֵˣΪǰطͥŸеֻǼ򵥶֣ӿͨѹԻޱˣ嫺˰㣬Ҫһжû
һδǵͨ켶ѹʹݺһ

ƿڣ䣬΢һ˿֮ӿħ˽ͬʱ£ͨ켶ϢԴﵽ
ֻ֮ǿƿһ˿ȴǿ
£δŭĮʥơ
ͬʱĽ˸һˣͬʱ֣ѹ졣
䣡
ɫ죬ͨ취౬޾ıԣϢˡ
һʱ䣬ͨ취ԻľʥӰθߵʮɸߣҪ񷶼ͱƣ˫צһѹ䣬Ҫһ㣬ĽȰһ¡
ͨ취࣬ȻѾܳŵȳ̶ȣҲȵǿˡ
Ľ棬ĮȻ
䵭ɫһͨ취һɾ˵Ļ쫷硣
쫷һʮմطֳһһĴѷ졣
¡
תۼ䣬Ӽҡ
ƺʱһʮ߸ͨ켶ǿߣƲϴ߶΢ʼձͨ취࣬ԷǳǿᣬϢˡ
ֻǣȻǳǿ󣬵һʮ߸ͨ켶ǿߣȴûһʼǰˣֱӴ·
ģ
Զ׻ҧ߬צӡ
ԱߣȻɫѿ
תۼ䣬ʮ߸ͨ켶ǿ߳طΪֻرԴȻޱǿ󣬵һôͨǿߣȴҲԵס
ʼֽ߾ȫĹͨʶе߲񽣣ܻ񽣣ƺʹãܹд
ֻǣʶеȴʼûκλӦͬһʯ㶯Ҳ
䣡
ǰʥܷͨ켶ѹӿȣһƬһƬպʹر
Ƴ΢֮ȫ߶ͨ취࣬սʮ˸ͨǿߡ
ͽ͵ֿùڣ⣬һƳӰ֣ƺһУͥͨһλΪ˿̾ˣܿˣ
仰䣬Զ¡һӰ֣ǿʥ
ƽ
ħ˵ݣͥͨ켶ڣϢܿ¡
̲סͲɫٱ䡣
ֻ壬ͥС
Զһʼ׷ɱʮ۷ʥУ૵
ͥĵһȻž뢣һ֣Ҫֻ壬˭ܵס˭֮
ƽԶ絽ǰĿһƬĮҴһƾâϡ
֣һӰͨʥӿֱӳȥ
ƺһͬʱ֣ħ˵ͬʱ
˺Լ
Įƽ֣ͨʥӿֱƺѹʥʥ¡

ƹ⣬΢ϢΪ֮𶯡
ɫ˫ԭʼͨ취һȥ
Ȼӭħʮ߸ͨǿߣѾǴ·ˣʱԶƽǸͻƲˣ޷ס
ֻһ˲Ϣѣǳǰ⡣
ֻ壬ܣӦò١
ޱ䣬챦ԣֱ֣̽ӳץȥ
ʱԶˣͨ켶ѹʥΪεס
һ̣˾
һ˲䣬ͻأ΢ϵѹ˲ϢʧӰ١
ͬʱһɣƬѪˮʮԶײƽϣƽֱӿѪһԶ
ǰ֪ʲôʱһˣһ꣬һϮۣˡ
ʥ˾أܿ졣
꿪ڣŵЦԴͬ겻ӵĴȸһ㡣
ʱɫ¶ϲ
ʦ
ʱϾƹˣһʱ䣬˵ĶûСϼһѵõĺʦ֡
׻ݣҲ¶ϲ֪ʦǿ̬ĺܡ
ѽ
С̫Щϲ
ͬһʱ䣬ơ桢ͥ˵Լħ˽ǿ˹ȥ
ʲôˣ

֮ǰϾƹʦȻˣ֪˵˺ĹϵʱôʣϾƹЩ⣬ΪܽɣײƽƽҲɣͨ켶ǿ߲£Ҿһͨǿߣ֪ͨ켶ǿУûǰˡ
ΪҪǣţˣûзϾƹγֵġ


2024 ǿ
һȺͨ켶ǿ߽δһγ֣ܲ򵥣ʹӲɵ΢ʱĿϾƹϣĮϾƹ
ͬһʱ䣬Ľ˺ħҲϾƹĮ
ƺĿ⣬ʱҲϾƹϡ
ʦ
΢΢ü쾹ȻиʦЩ⣬֮ǰû˵¡ңȥʦԲǼ
Զ֮ǰ׷ɱʮ۷ʥҲɫҲû뵽컹иʦңǺǿ󣬷ܹͨ켶ɣ
ϾƹһϮۣĽˣЦҲܲ
Сϲı飬ʵô֪£
ܲõԼǰ棬ʱʱע¡
ϾƹЦ
˵һͨȡԼֻرԴʱľǺܽŵģǣϾƹ֣һ¸оˣʵʦأ
չС
ϾƹЦ
ʱô꣬ʦͽټ¡
ɫʱͥͨ켶ҲǶĴ񿪿ѯϾƹȴǱϾƹֱˣûпһۣԴӳֺһֱȫ˵ĺڽ̸
㻰
úܱ䣬һӴ̹Ǻ⣬ʹʮնŤ
ͬʱವƿƽ˻ɫޱ
ʲôˣ
ĶϾƹȻ֪֮ǰԼ˵ˣϾƹ
ԣͣºϾƹ̸Լħˡ
ϾƹʱתĿħϡ
뿪
ʮͨ켶ڣڣƽҲƽ
˽ɫһϾƹźƽȴ·һ㣬ǼΪ
Ҫֻ壿뵲ҵȣ

ϻСӵʦʦʲô֪ʵϰ׳գһͻȥˣ
׻ںǱʶϾƹԽһУʱͥһɵ֮ĺ;η֮ҲûСΪҪǣͥ˼ȻҪԸ죬ֻرԴǾҲĵˣڵˣҪηʲô
ʱһһͷʥ˼ȻΪϰ׳ա
ϣ
ֱĿĺ⣬ͨ켶ѹɱ⣬ֱӹᴩգŰ׻ֱĹᴩȥ
׻һ£ʱ
Ͼƹɣɨ
͵мֱӱ飬һ·һεĴ˶ԷϣֱĶԷѪԶԶĺɳȥ
һĻʱסطˡ
ǿƺ棬ʱǲɵͫһΪǰһĻݡ
ûʲôʥ⣬ֻһ񣬱ɱ⣬ҽԷɣǺεʵ
ããáǿ
׻˿̻ﶼˡ
ѽ
С̫ɴۡ
ȻҲֶݣɵ¶ɫ
һֱ֪Լʦǳǿͱ̬֮ǰϾƹ£ҲµϾƹӦǴͨ쾳ˣɴ˿̼һĻ̲ס𺳡һͽɣʵ̫ںˡ

Զ𣬴Ŵ̹ɱ⣬סΣԶء
ĿϾƹϣУʹϵһΪ̮֮
򵥣ܺãмʵ
ӱͨʥâǣӿϢֱ֯ӳϾƹȥ
һƬɹ⽻֯ĲֶٲȻһڷǳǿ
ͬһʱ䣬һĺ֮ǰɵʱһ֣һԻһ𣬺ƺƵĳϾƹѹȥ
ͨ켶ڳʥһɱʥܶʱ伫ٱǡ
ֻһ˲䣬˼ڴѹϾƹǰսɱ졣
Сģ
̲סϾƹʵʱ̫¡
Ͼƹû˵ʲôָ̽һ΢⻮
͵죬Ĵ̼飬׻㣬ǿѪɣƬײķ顣
һĻʹطһǶݣеľɫŨ
ǿ
Ƴ
ȻĹǰĴףʵǿᣬһ˿֮ͨ쾳ڣûмܹʤʱȴҲɵΪϾƹʵϲ硣٣赭дĻ˼ܴ
ɢȥͨ취࣬»ûΪΣĿϾƹϣоâƣͬư㣬ΪϾƹʵһ֣ǿ


2025 龪
ָǿǿƺ涼Ķݡ
ȻҲǳԾʦʵﵽ˺εȵĵز
ʵ̫ǿˣ
ĽħȻҲݣţɶǶ˴ͨ±赭дĵָˣսЩˡ
㾿Ǻˣ
ĽϾƹʵ֮ͬǰǰ㣬֪ͨ켶ǿУû
ħѪӰҲɣϾƹнǽ֯ŲͬĹ⡣
䣡
䣡
Զ˲Ϣ˻
˵ɫʱǸӱ
磬ȴȻô׵Ļɡ
Щˡ
úϻʲôֻܣҪ£һ֣նѹֻ壡

Ľԣǵͷֻ壬ȷʵ£ͥ
£һͥ˵ʮޱȿµʥ֯Ҳһӿʮͨѹһƶü
ɱ
ɱ⣬ȳϾƹѹ£ʥΪ֮ӿ
ʮһں棬ǿʥϾƹ
ʮͨǿߣ֯ʮʥܣʮϾƹķ
ƺüʮЩֲǽŲ˶ƺȴûж֡
¡
ʮɴתϾƹǰ
𣿡
ЩģվϾƹȻܹоѹʮʥж£ܹﶼ
ϾƹЦû̫ӵĶͬŶԸǰ㣬ָᵯʮͬʸɳ
͵첻ϴʮʥֶ̼飬һεĴʮȫĺɡ
ͨ켶ѪˮϣĿġ
ʱطһʿٴδ󾪡
ʮʮͨ켶ڣһ֣ȴǱ׵ȫɡ
áÿ£
׻ۡ
ѽ
С̫Ҳۡ
ҲֶݣͥǴͨ쾳ڶһͨ켶ǿߣʮĴһ֣ȴǲϾƹ׾ͱˡ
ʮ˺ɣʮסΣ¶ݣĿ𺳡
ʮսԺǿһ֣ȴȻסԷָ
ǿϾƹϾƹǿɫЩֱñ
ܺãǿ󣡷ǳǿ󣡡Ľһ˵ǿվޣͥеǿߣ㵲סǣ
ֻ壬ͥҪˣû˿
ҹ
˻䣬ԶպǾŵӰ֣ط
ת۶ѣǰ⽻֯ź˵ͨ켶ѹȵҹϷֺͨ켶ǿߣĮ
Ԭ߱ԪĪlҷ̩
ħ˶ݣȻǶϵֳֵˡ
ƺ濴žˣʱüĿҲ䡣
ȻҲݣͥȻ˾Ÿͨ켶
Ԭ˸ϵվһʮһͨ켶ǿߣֻվţһɺ˵Ϣϡ
û£
Ԭ죬ˣͬʱĿϾƹϣΪоĳ˶ڿϾƹɫܳأű亮⡣
ˣ򵥣ڣϾƹԬ˵ʲôһϣնˣٽֻѹأ
Ż䣬һ⣬ʥ֮ǰøӿ£ʼʱ߶۷ʵϢǿ
ͬʱƽʮһҲԽʥ߶˼ޣϢܺˡ
ԬȸյľŸʮˣǶʮ˵ʵ˽⣬Ȼʮ˶Ͼƹ⣬ټֱֻڻδʮѹ£ȻȻĻ
һ֡
ԬŸոϵͥҲǽϢ塣
һʱ䣬ʮһͨ켶ѹطƵϰ˻ȫ
һ̣ʮһȫˣΪףһѹϾƹ
̲סֵʮһͨ켶һ֣Զȫȸղŵʮ˺ֲ̫̫ࡣ
ˡ
ҲʱϾƹڣƽʹöʮͥһ
һΣһƵѹӿӿټ·һĴ޾Ϊ֮㤡


2026 µ
쫷翪ʼϯΪ֮Ť綼𶯡
ټ磬޾һ̽Ǳսս
ͥ˵Ķʮһɫȫˣ䣬ֹסĲ㡭
ħʥĺˡ
ǿƺ棬δѹԣȴħ˰΢
ڻĹǰкպĹϴڣһ̣ȫϢסˡ
ѹϢǵĸоԽټٵ
ȸоǺܿºˣҪ֪̣Ȼͨ켶һ֣ҲܽƬ嫵ĴٵϾƹɢһѹĸоֻãƬޱȵ磬ѹ··Ƕһ㣬ʱпϢ߽⡣
촽˶·ǳɽҪȵϵˡ
Զ֮ǰ׷ɱʮ۷ʥĸһȫˡ

ʮʥʱȫ־ˣζû뵽ʦȻôֲѹϢȻʹ綼Ϊ֮
⣬⣬⡭
׻ˣë֮ǰѾµϾƹǿȴû뵽ǿȵز
Сֱ̫ۣϾƹһĿģڿһ֡
ҲɫϾƹʱɢѹ̫ںˡ
һ̣оԼʦжǿ󣬼ֱǡ޵ˡ
㣬㡭
˿ϾƹʱԲҶˣֻڷ
ǿǣ죬һ̸о˾㤡ֺ̿
ͬκȥ鷳ҶܡϾƹĮɨħˣϱ˶֣顣
ȻΪ֮𶯣ձûģѹֵ˼㡣
Ǻݺһһſ˵ʲôȴѹ
漴һ̣εĴӿͥԼħȼͨ켶ȫɣתۼʧؾͷ
ͬʱ֮ǰ׷ʮ۷ʥˣδȫɡ
ת۶ѣطֻʣϾƹ졢׻С̫ƺ档
֪Ϊʲôɱǣ
ϾƹתЦ
컹ΪϾƹǿϾƹ⻰عͷ
ܲµ
˵
طһ˺͸⣬ħΪȡֻرԴˣϾƹҪɱħ˺ףɱЩ˺ЩҪֻرԴ˲֪£һһϾƹɱЩˣҪЩ˽յ´ȥˣЩֻرԴϹȻȻͲ鷳
ɱЩˣԾӡķʽҲܴﵽĿģȷʽ޷ȡЩԴǿ߱˴¡ЧãţЩ˻ȥȻֱ˵﷢£ȴһЩصᵽ󣬽ģ¾ͻȥ
ΪҪģϾƹҪЩȥģ֮ǰɨǰĻϱ˭ȥ鷳ǣͬˣС
Ϊͬʱֲ綼ηҶ֮һ˲ҶôٴֻرԴ⣬ǣͬǿ𣬾ԻһһΪһ̨ͬ
ϾƹЦǿʺǿѪֻȽϸ߶ѣܾһУ޵¡磬򣬲߱ǿʺǿѪǿߣǡ˵ţԴɴº͵ĵЦдεĹ󣺡ǣҵĵӣͬκˡ
ԣͷ
ͬӦ򣬾͸ʦĨˡ
֤Ƶĵ
ϾƹһЦʦڱչУҪҪػˡ
˵ţһߵƺ棬ԵúƽͣԵú䡣
л
ƺЦ漴Ϣʧ
طһ˲ž
⣬⣬ǡˣ׻£ԻצԼظΪϾƹ֮ǰɢѹļ£ʵ̫ںˡ漴عˣϱ̬ΪʲôɱЩˣ
ϾƹٲȻǳˡ̬Ĵʡ
쿪ڣ򵥽ԼġϾƹɱˡԭ
׻Ȼԭϱ̬ǵĻܵ
һߣƺվһ𣬽
µˣ
Ƴ


2027 ٴη
Ͼƹʵ̫ǿˣﵽһǳµĸ߶ȣƺ涼𺳡
ˣᱲһپ־벻㾹иǰǿĶʦ
ƿ죬̾
¡
Ҳ
ǫѷһЦǰٴ񣬸лǰ
ؿᱲǰ˵δһսվһˣδһսҪս֮һ㣬ȻȻ¡ƵֿڣʦЩˣ嵹ĲһЩϹﲻҴͬʱһЩͬǿһһ㣬㴴Ĵ̨
˵ţ̧֣һӻ֣ｻ֯ϾƹطһУһԶͨЩˣӦҲᴫȥһʶӻҲл´ĸ졣
ʶӻǳתۼƮԶʧʾͷ
лǰ
ٴεл
ư֣磬ͬԷǳ࣬ΪʦĻЩͬӦöᶢ㣬ֻرԴһţδͬĶԾػϣмҪСģɴ⡣
˵ţֵȻעͥһܿ£ʦǰǿˣͥкü
ԣɵöݣϾƹʵǿֲģ綼ܹȫĻٵͥȻвϾƹĴڣңֻһˣ
ģ
׻ҲǶݡ
С̫ۣһȵģ
ϾƹѾǺֲܿˣͥȴвֻһܺϾƹᲢ۵ˣ
ƵͷԼĻԿ϶ֵʱõģǼˣ˵ˣеĲУı⣬ֱӱеǼлŵģڱչˣʱڲָܻԣͥսһ˸ϵʱɵʦһٶ㶯֡ȵǼ˻ָ£һʱͻ㡣
ŵԣ֮ǰҪʵͥȻһʱҶ㣬ͬǿߣԻɳ٣ЩͥɳǿߣȻǷ壬ҲҪСģΪܹͥɳԸǿߣԸͬгۣһ
ԣЩ
ͥǿޱȡ
лǰѣģ

ƵͷΣѾƽϢᱲ뿪ˣҲЩҪСġ
˵ţĹǰĴ˵ͷ漴ƹ⣬˲ϢԶȥ
Сġ
滰֪࣬ûȥЭѪҲֱԶȥ
ȥķԹһǰָм
վֱ壬н֯һƾâңңɨټ硣
Ǹʲôȥ
׻ʵ
ԱߣС̫Ҳ
ұչأʥ磬ȥʮ̣֮ӭսͬǿ

֮ǰɹʥʥ˵˫ںٺΪ˽ʥθӽˣҪ˶þͻơʱûЩϹвʱչأΪʥ߶ȥȥ׻ںͷɹŵȴС
Ще棬֮ǰ׷ɱֻرԴǸԴе۷սҲ˵Щڣǿսֻʥ۷壬ֻҪͻƵʥ߶ȣҪЩ̣Բκεѡ
ϾƹΪ֮ҲԼΪԼ֮ǰԼֻرԴЩˣ֮ӦԵȻҪɫһɾ
ߣ
к׻С̫ܿ뿪طѰʺϱչص֮ء

תۣʱȥ
ƴľӻһһ䣬ԼҲһЩ´ħﴫһʱ䣬Ϊ֮һʿΪ֮㤡
ֻ壬ʦңȻȻ
֮ǰ𶯣ԭԭֻ֮ʦɵģ⣬⡭
䣬һʿˣ㤲ѡ
֮ǰ𶯣鶼оˣȴû뵽Ȼֻ֮ʦһѹɣǸǶôµ£
һ˵ѹȻǰǿ
иôֲʦ˭Ҷֻ壿˭Ҵֻ屾Դ⣿
ˣûʶӻֻ֮ʦų˻ϱ˲ֻܶ壬ͬڣκȥֻ鷳ܡ
Ҳ˵ͬˣȻɱֻ壬ֻرԴֻ֮ʦҲ˵ʲôȥܣ
˼ˡ
⡭Щɣͬκֻ鷳λܣɱ˶ܣô̫أң磬ͬ࣬ȻֻΪ¼һʵһѪҲסɣ
ǵȼĴڼȻųͬκȥֻ鷳ܣǾȻܣĴڣΥԼĻԼضᣡ֮Էͬκ˶ȥֻ鷳ӦΪĥԼĵӰɡ
ڣһʱ䣬򣬸䣬˶ֻʦͽ¡
ټ磬һηڡ

ҲʱһɽڣŰ׻С̫ɽѰһεɽȡ
СӣҪչضܳʥ߶ȣ
׻졣
¡



2028 ʮƶ
ʥ˾ͷʥֻзǳ΢ĩľ룬ǣϾʥ˺ʥ֮ľ룬ܺ΢СҪԽȥҪķѲ̵ʱ䡣
Ϊһ
ɽܲһصĽ󣬶ð׻С̫漴ת̫ľȡڵһ壬ʼʥͻơ
һʱ䣬еĽâԻŻ
׻С̫źԶһһҵվԣĹעܡ
ϾƹΪ£Ѿ磬һЩǿǣԲ鷳ͬȴǲĹ˼ɣͬ˹ƶѾˣѰ졣£طȻΣͬΪ춼࣬ҲпܷҪС
˵Ǹϱ̬ǡ̫Żˣ
׻Ͼƹ֮ǰɢǵѹֻ궼˴ء
С̫ԣٲȻҲ뵽֮ǰ£ӣŰ׻Ļ͵̫ųˡ
׻
Сһʲôѧ

ڴڣԽԽʿϾƹ£ϵĴд̣Ҳ̽˶
ͬκ˶ȥֻ鷳λܣ⣬һᣡ
ӳȥߣ
ȥʥŮأ
̵ʱڣһһϴƷӦڵʥŮȣ߳ɽš
ͬʱģͥڣһӰһ𣬸Ϣ硣
ͥһλеһˣ˴˿ҲС
Ǽλ˶˱չأڵǣûһ˿˿
һλΪͥһλǿһˣ˿ڿǰһʶӻֵϾƹֵֶݣüͷĺɵò£ֻͨʶӻܸоϾƹǿͿֲ
ˡǿ
ҧͳ֮ǰܵϾƹѹ궼
ƽĽˣҲɫѿ
һʱ䣬һͨڣúܰ
úͥǿٴοڣ򹂡ͨӺأ
е콫֮ǰȥʱռľŸԼħĺһʧ֪ȥӦȥ׷ɱȺСˡ
һµ
Ǿʱˣ˵ĵӺħĺЩȻܲվΪϵĲ̫޴󣬹Щӣᱻѹءǿ˵ӱú䣺ڣȫѹֻ壡ֻͥͬȫɳȥֻŴ
̵ͷ
һ죬ͥڣһƿһͥ

磬ɽڡ
ڻɽɽڱչأ̫ľָתһƵ
⣬âͽɫ⽻Ӧ
ͬʱʥȻȻĳøӺˡ
ˣʱһΣ¹ȥ
ºһ죬ͻأһף˲һƬڡ
һɫиڲϣһѪɫ֯УϢǵض£Ҫһ
ʥﵽˡ׻վһߣϵȻ֪һ١
֮ǰһںʥʥ˾ĳɫǿֲĺɫȴǺһѪɫ
ˣ
״̶쳹գʮΪ֮ը
ϢһʱøŨʹð׻ɵö£С̫ӡ
һ˲䣬ɢȥ谵תۼָ
ɽڣ˫ۣâһûһ̳
ͬ㣬ţʥ磬ʥ٣ȴֶݵ˳ʹøʥɢȥ
ȥɹŵ
к׻С̫
׻ԣǰһȥɹŵɽ٣⣡
ܾˣȻܲ³Ĵ㣬֮ǰɹŵʥ׷ɱֻرԴǰҪȥɹŵҪڷɹŵ϶ʥ١
һ죬뿪⴦ɽŰ׻С̫һ𣬲úߵһʿȽƵĴһʿǰ
ʵѣɹŵʲôλã
ʵ
ɹŵʥ׷ɱͼֻرԴҪȥɹŵ鷳Ҫȥɫȴ֪ɹŵľλãԵҸʿѯʡ
ϣʿȻȻ죬һǲɵɫ䡣
֡
˿ڳһʱ䶼ˡ
ѯʵʿ񼶸߶ȣŵɫףȶ̲ס


2029 
ǰϾƹΪѾ磬ټ磬ʿ֪ˣֻһֲʦ紫ŵĻĹžͥɵη壬طһʿֻ֣᲻壿ѯʵʿֱӸιȥ
ŶԷ飬ȻҲ֪Էη壬ƽ͵ѲҪţûκζ⣬ֻ֪ɹŵʲôطѼ򵥸һ¼ɡ
ѯʵʿ⻰żӵԻЩٽɹŵλõ
л
ĵлûطк׻Сֱ̫ȥ
һ޵ٶȶܿ죬תۼʧطһʿҰ֮ڡ
طһʿһ뿪Զȥǲɵ÷ࡣ
Ϊ֮ǰʻݡ
ֻ壬ҪҪȥɹŵȥʲôѣѵǡ
˵ɹŵĵȥֻıԴ⣬ضҪȥ°
ƺʥ۷壬ɹŵ۷ʥֻ壬Ϊô󣬲ܽɹŵôӦòȥ鷳µİɣ
ȥ鷳ѵȥҳƷ죿
⡭
ʿۣ˶¡

뿪֮ǰǴʿܼĴٶȺܿ죬úгԶ
ʿУ֪˷ɹŵʲôط򲢲ǺԶк׻С̫ûйȥãһǰ
ȥģԼԿһÿһ̬Ƿ
ɹŵ
վںԵǹһĨЦк׻Сֱ̫ȥ
źУûȥãȺΪ׵һǰ
ȥȺһһɵʣԽ֯貾âܲ
ܿͱڵļɹŵʿ֡
һʱ䣬ʿԱɫ
֣֣֡
֮ͬǰǴϵһʿ㣬ʱǰ⼸ɹŵʿǻﲻˡ
󣬵£⼸ʿˣȫԼһȥǰ
⣬ǴҲõϾһ֮ǰȥıԴţ߲ơ£ǵļ𣬸֪ӦͬʱҲӦˣϾΪϲ̫Զˡ
ûʲôк׻С̫ȥ
ûãϵĳƬǰ
Ƭĵɹŵɣɹŵһˣڡ
Ҳʱ򣬵طǰѾǳ˳ƬӰ
һ۾ͿеһףȻǷɹŵһ֮ǰȥֻرԴһ·׷ɱ
ּˡ
ˣϴŵЦֻǣЦУȴЩϷŰ⡣
ɹŵһһķ棬طɫܲÿϾƹ֮ǰǵȿֲƣдŨŨļɵ
ֻ壬ʲô
ʵ
ֻرԴޱȿ֮ǰȥֻرԴʧܶ飬񣬵ٴγǰȴǲҶˣΪϾƹ֮ǰų˻ϱ֣Ի֮ǰĿܹϾƹж£ֱ־壬һĸҶ죿
ϾƹȻҲ˵ͬˣκ˶鷳۽ζܣǣ֮ǰʮʥ׷ɱʱѾʵɹŵͬһˣûһܹĶ֣ԶԶ
Աߣɹŵһĵһִ¡ͨϺ̫ϳϵȴҲɵ
쿴ŷ棬ɹŵЦ㻹ˣȻô֮ǰ׷ɱҵʱҺ˵ɣὫɹŵ׻ڵʮ̴У𡣡
ԣʱɫһɹŵһĵһִ¡ͨϺ̫ϳϵȴ¶ɫ˼ٲȻˣ
ǷɹŵҲ֪жôƾõ£δ˸㴳ֱҪǷɹŵ
ң죬ֻʥ˼Ϊ
ֱǣ̫ſʹ󵨣
ȻˣȴǶҶôʵǶϾƹ̫ɵ
ҷɹŵΪƾʥ˾Ϊõ溮ʦӣ£Ͳ׷ˣ뿪
ʱʵ뽫ֱĨɱֻرԴȴĲҡ
õԲ֪ˣ鲻䣬ɨӹɹŵһڵӣˣȾѪȴɱˣֻΪնһ棬Ĩɹŵڣʱ䣬һ⣬˿ȥҲΪǡ


2030 նʥ
ƽڷɹŵ˶УȴޱȵĿš
ڣҪԣʦǷų˻κͬɵ
һվ˳䣬һϮ£ǳʥ
ʥӣ
߳ɹŵһڵӶǶݡ
濴ˣҫģ£
ΪҫģɹŵһѵõţΪһʥ˾죬ǣȴҪһսҫĲǶ֣սù졣
ڣģӽѾ˸߲ΣʱпͻʥΣǰЩѾͬҫûкˣ˳ȥн֯â̰ʦ˼ͬˣȻɱҲ֣˶Ѿ֪񣬾ɵնȡֻرԴ
ٶȺܿ죬ת۱г⡣
쿴ˣƽ
СӣҲ˵ɱСӶֻرԴԴ˰ɣʲôʱ
Աߣ׻̡
ҫߣ죬ֱǿʢʥʮΪ֮Ť漴һ̣һΣһѪɫУɿ̷¡
䣡
⣬ʥǡ
ֵʥʥεˣú󣬿ɶʮս
ɹŵһڵӽԶݣԵýԿ˷ҫ̷µѪʲô
¡¡ģҫ⣬ʥǿ̫̫࣬˽Աʥ֣·ɹɵһ㣬Ϊǿʥ˻
ҫģ£
ȵ
ҫĴ˿ʮսɲΪҫĵס졣
ңһΣֱ̧֣ץҫģҪ֮ץء
ֻǣҫֵ̧˲Ƕˣһ죺ڷģֻ壬յӽ֮ѹֻرԴǷһ˵ţת۱ǳ嵽ǰд̰˷ܣ̧ѹ£ʮսȻ֮ḶһЩۣѹһֻ壬ֵˣлԵ
վԭأųɹŵʥӣʲôҲûУָֻᵯһâɳ˲ϢԷʥ⣬۵һԶԷüĴ
ҫľζʱͣˣе֮ɢ㡭
ͻƣޱƽʥԱʮսԼģʥ֮£ΪԼ޵ˣȻֻ壬Ҳܵס
쵲סʮսڣʮս²ĶҲȫûϵţɹŵ浽ʱ
ֻǣû뵽ʮսʱ죬ֻһֻ򵥵һָһУܸоԼսᣬѾأҰڷɿıðеĹһʧ
ɡܡ
һ̣˿־;϶ĵ֣Ϣ׵ʧ
ͬʱĴ̽ǰ֮ץסץסģȴֻʬ塣
ʥʥӡ
ɹŵһڵӱɫ̲סһ
һʥӷǳǿҷʮսıȴȻ˵ָ͸Ĩɱˡ
ֻ壡
ŭ𣬷ץҫĵʬĶ졣
Աߣɹŵһĵ̫ϳϵˣҲ죬ŭݺͺ⡣
ҫģǷɹŵüǿţʳȺп̤׾Σ񣬾ôնˣʧʵ̫ˡ
ҫڣδǷɹŵһܱǿһڴﶼڴҫǿһ죬ڴŷɹŵʱһ죬ڴûˣһеϣ쵯ָ˸ס
ӭЩ˵ıƽŭңǣзŭͺҵʸ𣿡
ҫҪɱֻرԴڱնˣЩȴôһ飬ʵúܶġ
Щˣ鿪ʼ䵭ɨһڷɹŵӡ
˵һΣȥ⣬ˣ뿪֮Ҫҡ
Į
⻰һԱߣ׻С̫ȶ⵺ȥ
ɹŵСǣСѾǻˣģϽߡ
׻һɣһƲ
һĻʹ÷ɹŵ˶ݣǾɣ޲ǺһĹϵܺôʱȴǲ죬ˣ
ͬʱҲвһɲԤУһĻĻͰ׻Ļܾã뿪һвõ·
ȻˣȴҲûһ뿪Ϊһʥ˾ܹǷɹŵΣֻҲСϾΪһС
Ѿˣ֮˿ɲҪҡ
ɨطһˣ䵭ĵ
Ż䣬ֱӷſϢ¿ʥ
ˣ
񷱬һɫת۸֣ʲϣһѪɫн֯һͷͷѪɫԵϢ̼ǵض¡


2031 ɾ
ڵкʲ񷣬ѪɫһһʮرһƬѹ֡
ɹŵһһ죬ת۱֮¡
ռ䣬͵죬һŤ
ǣ
ɹŵ֮£һˣȫɫ
һ̣˶о˺˵ĻϢѹ䣬궼ɵΪ֮
졭٣
һ˴
Ȼǿķ棬ʱҲȫɫʵʱֳ̫ˣǵȻԲֱв
㡭㾹Ȼﵽʥɽ٣
澪ŭȻӦóʱʥ˾ؿʥ磬Ҳ֪ⳡǵӿĻϢһʱʹֱȥԼһľűһָĨɱˣʵٵϢ̫¡
ڿʥ٣۷ʥҲе֣Ϊ֮ǰֻ֮شͬʱ쵱ʱٵĻҲб˴ڣʿѾֻ֪ܼٵ¡
ԱߣɹŵһһͨϺ̫ϳϣҲǾŭӡ
ˣ
ϣ׹һը
Уɨ棬ɵĮɨɵӡ
ٻδ£ǻʱ䣬ȴ⣬ģߡ
ڵ
⻰£ըһף·ϰ㡣
ӭɹŵϣһڵӶǲɵô
Щ̲ס桢ɵԼһһ̣˶֮ȥʵǱپĲᡣ٣ЩɵӾãֻһ¾Ҫǵ
˵һ˶и˶һǳ롣
ЩˣԼһʵǿ̴ΪʥǿΪʥǿҲʥܵס췣֮£طƱػһƬڣǼ£֮󣬾Իᱻ
ˣʱЩﻹ£ȻʱԲţǣҲװãסҪ£ûԸʹ
ˣ
һĻŭɶ
Լһĵӣڵǰ񣬾Ȼ泯룡
ֱӳ֣Ƭɱɨܵһڵӡ
£۵ģֱһѪըƬĵӱĨɱ
˭ӣ

ֻǣ˳֣˺Ⱥ𣬵ȴûֹܹסµӵơ
ΪʱܵһڵӶʱܣ֣ɱ¾ͽ䣬ȴͬʱˣվлĻᣬ£֮ѹ䣬ǿɾǱˣǵ׷̫ˣȫ޽⡣
ˣ֮£Ȼѡ룬ٻлĻᡣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյϣһһӳӶݣǴżкͿ־塣
ŭ֣Ĩɱһһķɹŵӡ
ǣȴûʲôЧֹסڵܵơ
ˣ
һʱ䣬ʥ۷εǿ̲סŭ
ɹŵҲ֪˶ôƾõ£һɹŵȴһڵӶݣǺεȳ裿
촦£ĿһУĿڷϣĸоΣȥұԴĴۡ⣬ֻǵһۿɹŵ𡣡
˵⻰ˣһŷȥ
澪ŭֻ壡̫ˣ
㵱ȥұԴʱ֣
鲻䣬Ҳ䣬ŶԷȥ
ղȫϷʲô㾹Ȼ
ŭ
ֶ˵ĻҲ˵ĳһͻȥˣ
Ц
Ϊûеóѣûжʲôʵ˺ԣӦñ
䣬ٶ˵ʲôֱӶ̧֣־һֻصȭ
һʥΪ߶ֻصȭңֻضҲһת
ȭƵ򵥵һȭ
ӭһȭɵΪһȭȭһøӾŭǷһŭһһʥͨӭǿƵһȭ
תۣͨȭâײһ𣬾ֱȭâ顣
Ҳʱ˲Ϣǰֲָ̽һɫĽ⸡ֱնԷͷ­
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬ûֱܱܿӱնͷ­ƬʥѪˮ
棡
ɹŵһĵһ̫ϳݲʧɫֻһ˲ѣһǿ棬ͱնͷ­


2032 ̧նɱʥ
ɹŵһĵԼһڵ̫ϳȫǴһ۷ʥһǿˣȻת۾նͷ­Ǻεȳ̶ȵս
ȻǱԶԶطİ׻ݣСӣǡ£
ǸտʥΣûжɹʥ٣Ȼô򵥵ѹ۷ʥʵЩˣҪ֪мǸžŸС̨Ϊ
һԵС̫ҲǵۣȻЩԾ
䣡
ɱ֮ϣһ貵ʥ𣬷汻նͷ­ȴǲʱ¾ۺ־ŭĶ졣
ǣʥΣսȻôǿղžȻûסŭǣһʥѾˣȴȻһһնͷ­ʵЩˣԣһڴ衣
쿴ˣ鵭Įʥ⻷ٴγŶԷȥ
ﬣ
⣬нԻĽ⣬ֱӳŶԷնȥ
ֱ鿪һ˵Ĵѷ졣
ٴγ֣һڸǿĴն⵲¡
һ֣նɫһƬɭ߬˫ȭҷɹŵ£ɱҽ̵ľţǿƣʹҷɹŵĵһȥҵȾնʦҲûʲô˵
Աߣɹŵһĵ߸̫ϳŷ⻰ǲɵò£һֶҧɫȫԶǵ˵ͷ
絽һӣҪɱǵ棬ҪٷɹŵԸ⣿ǿһǷɹŵһĴȻԼһ汻նɱܿ콫ɹŵֻܳ֡
ңĻ鷳ȥ鷳ˣȾɱ죬Ҳʦ׷ʲô
ҵȺǶ֣
ٶնȻȻɢȥҽ̲ܵв
նȡֻرԴ
Լ鷳ȻɱҲԹҵȣ
һĵ߸̫ϳϿڣɭͬʱ˿˿̰
ֻرԴȻҲҪ֮ǰηϾƹҶôܼɵʱѾͨǵȶֻرԴ̰̼ȫ¶˳
ɱ̱
ȵŷɵ߸̫ϳϣһ֣Խӡ
ɹŵ˷һܼĵ˲Ϣ両ֶÿһƺ͵ƶǽ֯˵ɱ⣬ɹŵĻ̴ֱת
ͬʱɹŵ¡һ죬һɫͷһʱ佻֯˵ʥѹΪһǿĵ̱۷ʥ
ʱ䣬ɹŵƽ֯Ϣɫϣ䶼⡣
ɱ
һɱִӷдһ߶ʥɫ飬Ҵ߶ɹŵĻɱһѹȥ
˵ɱʱʮա
ӭȹıһƬĮ⽻֯ʥ⣬ֱһ¡
һƣ֯һֻ֮ضʮܣ͵һֱӽɹŵĻɱɱĨһɶͬʱرһתһѽѹǰʥץУֱӽ˵ӡǸĨ
һŵŵɵĺˡ
㣬㡭
˽Ƿ
Ǿ˺ɱǻɱȴֱʧȥãڣʥĵ̱Ȼ׵ľͱȥ

ŭ𣬳죬ץеɫ顣
һĵ̱飬ܱ˶ȥ
⣬ʥøǿӿȣһƬƬա
䵭ûκλڵĶǼ򵥵һ£ֱʥ⣬һ֮ɳȥԶʥѪˮ䳤ա
ģ
ʥ
ɱɱɱ
ɵ߸̫ϳϾŭһ֣ǿֶΣ졣
춯һ£Űɱ
Ϊֻ壬һ·һδ췣壬ĵرȻŸտʥڣսȴǿޱȣңתֻضʥ۷ķжǴϣɵһļ̫ϳϣǿҲʥأ˳˿Ҳ⡣
ǻĻᣬȻҪ֣ŶұԴǾ
䵭һ˦
וּһ˵ɫĽ˲Ϣֱ֯նķɵˡ
תۣ͵ģɵ˼նķ飬󣬰˵ƲֱӴӰŹᴩ˽նķ飬ͬҲһС


2033 ʥ·ɻ
ʥѪˮڿУɹŵһĵԼ߸̫ϳֻʣʥ۷ķ滹š
ֻ壡
澪ŭ˼㣬ٴγ˹ʥⷭӿɱһ졣
䵭һƱһУһѽץסһ
ⴴ̲סҽгֱһѪˮ
һƣƮƮģʵȴֱ֮ӽ֮ˡ
ˣ
׺ϣбøˣеѪɫøܼ
󣬵һ׷ѹ䣬֮ʮֱŤ
ңһ׷ͨ׵ѹ£ڷɹŵһڣתۼǽɹŵڵʮΰɵķ顣
쵯ָһâɳһ׷ײһ𣬽׷
ʱɱ㣬ۿɹŵ𡣡
ʱ򣬷ɹŵͨӣѾܹˣɹŵΧ֮ڣֻʣԼ档ʱ֣һƽĳɹŵķΧ˦һɫӡͼڷɹŵϡ
䣡
񷱬Ҳʱڶ׷ѹ£ΪһƬ׺ˡ
޾壬ֻضתʮսӣױǽ֮ĥ
һһ׷ѹ䡣
̶ɹŵķΧͣɽ٣һһڷɹŵڣɵ٣ңʱƣбܿ󺣵ףޱߵĺˮû
ס֣סְ
汻ͼӡԶһĻסĲ̲ס˻
ã˱ԴȻҪۣ
׻Ц
ã
С̫ĸͰ׻Ļ
ǰ£תֻضȻԼҲһתһһֵ׷飬ת۱ǰʱȥ
ʱ֮һ׷֣ͬǰ㣬Ӱÿһ֯źĻϢ·ʵŵģɻһС
һ׷ޱȿֲֻضټϿ֮ԼȻ׵Ľ֮ĥ
һʱ䣬ⳡʥٳ׵ɢȥ
ˣ
߲ϼ⸡һ߲ӿ֣Ϊ̺֮޾ΰ
ֱ֮Ӻ߲ɢȥ侫񳹵׵ȹ
ܺã

ɹʥ٣ֵ߲֮ϴһ̣սǿˡ
Ҳʱɹŵڣ洦ǽ壬һɵȫˣĵ챻ٳ뺣ףʣµıҲؽһƬһõأټķɹŵʱȫˣҲڡ
ɹŵ֮⡣
ȻĻҽ̣úݵģ㡭ħ
˻𣬽
ɹŵ޾£񣬾ôٵ׵Ļٵˡ
ǰĵ㵱ȥұԴĴۣӡŵ𡣡ЦôǲǺܣ
ŭڣڵȥֻرԴһȥʲôҲûеõȴĽ֣ʹô޾µ㱻١
תۼѣֺڱʧһɶϸ޾ԹͷĶ죺ħţϷҲŹ㣡
Ҳˡ

䣬ٶ˵ʲôֱӵһָüĹᴩʶ꣬漴֮Ҳķ飬׵׵Զʧؼ䡣
ʥô򵥵һ۷ʥĴ̡׻˹ĳַ̾̾ټһУıԭǲ٣£ٲȻʲôҲȡˡ
ɹŵǱٵĲӣɱȣܱ
⣬вɹŵʮУһһһٵǣЩۻԴȫߡ

ǸʴȵˣԼԭ򣬱˶ãԱ˸ã˶ỹ֮Ը
׻ͷĻ·Ѿǿ˳ɶѵı䣬ʵǣǽȥĸ̣
׻ڡ

֮ǰ׷ɱȡֻرԴˣԶԸģֻʮ۷ʥ׻ڵʥ֮ǰв룬ڣȥ׻ڡ
ͬʱ̧֣ʮӻΪɹŵ̡
֮ǰϾƹΪڣҪԼΪԼҪֻ֪رԴûô׶ᣬͼȡֻرԴˣҪʹĴۡ


2034 ǿƣˣ
ʮӻΪɹŵĻ̣ת۴
ߡ
ЩӻʧԶ쿪ڣк׻С̫׻ڶȥ

磬εаƮ
ʮɹŵٹ̵ʶӻûñǱ˷֣һǲɵö£´ĵط֪
ɹŵٵˣ
ֻ壬Ѿ̤ʥˣһ˾ͣͽɹŵ
ʥͿѹʥ۷ķ棬ǡֻƣ
ڣһʿǾסˡ
ʥĨɱ۷ʥһ˻ٵһţǺεȿֲ
ǺųǿǿѪֻ壬Ȼǡ£
׷ɱɫ̻ٴУǡǿƣ
桭ݣ
ʿļ¡
һЩʿ뵽һЩ¡
ɹŵ֮ǰȥ׷ɱֻ壬ֻرԴֻʥ˷ɹŵ׻ںͻúЩ֮ǰҲ׷ɱֻ壬ʵͷɹŵֻ࣬˷ɹŵһ񡭡Ҫȥ׻ЩҲٵ
뵽һ㣬ǲɵö£ԽԽãĺпܡ
ͬһʱ䣬úʮ֮ǰ׷ɱĴУȻҲǿķɹŵٵľӻһΪ֮ɫ
ɹŵȻȻ
ô᣿
˷ɹŵֻ壬ҪԸǣ
ʮڣһǱɫһͨĵӣǸ㤡

һηڣʱͰ׻С̫Ѿ뿪˷ɹŵԶ
ʮɽȻǱ˦
ҲʱЩԼûڷɹŵѰЩż鿴׻Щеľλá£֮ǰȥɹŵǰʵ뵽׼ڳ׻ٵɹŵǰµģȴӲˡ
ڣɹŵױ٣ʲôҲûʣ£ٴӷɹŵѰҹż鿴׻Щ̵λá
ֻȥҸˡ

к׻С̫һʿܼĵطȥ֮һʿڴϡ
ֱϣѯһʿڡ׻ھλá⡣
ʿΪߣǰɫʱˢףôҲû뵽ſٵɹŵľӻûãͳǰ
ͬʱԱߣϵһʿҲǸһ£ɫǸŴ䣬Ҳ֮ǰٵɹŵӻ˶ɵ÷Իٵһ۷ʥĴ̣ǰǸˣη循㤡
ѲҪţֻ֪׻ڵλöѣûκεĶ⡣
Ȼ˱ѯʵʿں£ٴοڣǳѯ̡
ʿŵУ֪׻ڵľλڡ
лѡʿл˶٣ֵĻܷٸһЩŵ֮
ڣһúɱֵʮд̵֣Щŵ棬֮ǰǰ׷ɱͼȡֻرԴ
ʿµĺܣվǰֻϽ뿪·ɿĽúֵʮ̵λڵ
лѡ
лȡһ۱ݵʿУк׻С̫뿪ת۱ʧԶ
⣬⡭
ʿΪ۷壬ݵе۱ɵõɴۣ󵱼¶˷ܵı飬ֱȴ˶ĺ¡۷徳Ȼõһ۱۷弶۱ֱһ㡣
ʿ࣬ΪȴܸߣǿҲʸ߶ȣʱʿе۱һǲɵöݣ϶¶𺳣ΪЩ˶ԣһ۱ļֵǼֱ޷㣬
ֻ壬ɡ
˿ڣĶʿе۱һĽͼʣڣЩи¶̰ɫʵһ۱Щ˵ļֵ̫ˡ
ȻЩһĽͼʣĿ̰ȴûһ˳ᣬΪֻͳ죬ǶԻ˷ɵȴ޾µǿ̵ĴڣˣЩûǵȵ

뿪֮ǰǴŰ׻С̫һʱѾгԶѭ֮ǰǸʿ׻ڵλȥ
֮ûãǧľ뱻˦
ҲʱǰһƬɽƣһΰ
׻ڣˡ
΢¶һĨЦ


2035 ׻
ɽȺڣһһ̻Իͣ硣
Ű׻С̫ɽȺȥ
ʱɽȺΧһĻ̼Ի֮߱ȴǳˣ·һС
ЩʶӻȻҲǱ׻ڿˣһٲȻǺˣµӦҲǶ֣ԣ֮ǰƺƴһ֮Χ˷ʽķ󡣡
׻
ʵϣȲ²ȫ׼ȷңʱ׻֮ڣһһڴȻǷŰ׻С̫׻̵ɽȺ⡣
ˣԸɹŵǰԸǣ
ŵĶ
һڣһɵУŸһΪ׵һһϮۣȻһһǿ棬֮ǰȥȡֻرԴ޹
ʱ򣬾ŸңտɽȺ⣬ɫôÿɭɭ⣬Ϊ֮ǰĻɹŵʶӻǷ֣սĺǿȫû濹ֻܷѾڴ֮⣬ȸоЩ˷ǳܡ
ҵȷѾʥʯĶʥ֮£˿ƿ
Ϊ̤ʥսǿһУͼҲ׻ڣСӣվֻ޹ߣ

ŵߣϣɭŭͲҲ˿˿̰
ֻ尡Ȼֻ壡
иµʦҵȾƴϣҲҪ߾һжıԴ
Ǹ˵С
׻ҧֱĶ죬·һǿ
ɽȺ⣬ڿǰķĻ漴̧ͷɽȺڡ
ôˣ
׻ʵ
쵭ĮһЦûʲôôѺõĿڿҡ
ʥȻǿ˺ܶ࣬ʱȻǿķǰǸӦ׻ϵĿ⡣
׻ԶݣЩ죺׻ЩϼһѾˣ
ǼȻȷȻһֱעɽȺ⣬ʱ׻⣬Ȼûʲôֵþȵġ

Ҳԡ׻ͷĿǰķĻϣ⣬ƿ
ܸоĳǰڷǳ򵥣ܼͣԾ֪ǿ󣬵ȴҲܹ϶ܹȳ̶ȵĴƿ
Ȼ
ͷ
ƿһĴڶ޹ʥΪһҪƿĴȻ򵥣ȴҲ
£һתͬʱ˿˿ƵĻ֯ӿǰķĻ֮ڣڴ¹ȥһʱ͵һĻֱӱ顣
ߡ
к׻Сֱ̫ӳɽȺȥ
ͬʱɽȺڣ׻У׻ȾŸɫ䡣
ôܣ
ǷѾķ£κ˶޷ƿŶԣ񣬾ȻƵˣֱӳ׻ˡ
ô죿
ɫǱɫ
ݵʱѾǴŰ׻С̫׻ڡ
֣֡
׻ڣһͨӼ֣ɵñɫ
ͥ⣬һ׻ڵӣǲɵúˣһ·ˡ
֮ǰϾƹΪѾʿΪ֮㤼ɵǰԼΪԼɹŵ𣬴ʶӻЩʿҲˣʱ׻ڣԼ䶼µõҪ׻ڣΪ֪ԼһһɹŵȥֻرԴ֮ǰ˷ɹŵȻΪ׻ڶ
⡭治ǡǲµķô
һ׻ڵӷסĺˡ
쿴Щ׻ڵӣ鲻䣬Ű׻С̫ת۱׻Ĵλãǰһɵ
ﬣ
ǰɵֱ̧֣һɫâɳ̼佫ɵķ顣
ɵưܣɢŵӰɵгȻ׻桢׻һ߸̫ϳϡ
У׻洦ʥ۷壬ˣ׻ʥڣ߸̫ϳ϶ʥ졣
棡ǣ
ˣ׻ڣһڵӶǲɵó
׻ڣЩͨӶη壬һжֻˡ
ûЩͨ׻ڵӣû׻һ߸̫ϳϣĿֻ׻ϡ
ּˡ
׻棬¶ϷŰЦ
ӭȱ飬׻ɫȻܲÿҧô
ɱ㣬̣ô򵥡
쵭
˵⻰ֱ̧֣ûʥӡŶԷץȥ
ʥӡҩмصһڰ֯޾ƣϢˡ
ңһ˿˿Ƶĺɫ罻֯ʥӡ֮⡣
׻澪ŭֱӳһڴֵ
Ȼȴ˿ãת۱㱻ʥӡ飬ʥӡѹ䡣
ʮգʥӡѹ̡
׻浱¶֣̲סУסס֣飡
Դˣֻǻֲмܻ飿

ĮĿڣʥӡѹ䣬ֱӽ׻ĵ


2036 ׼
ʥѪƮڿУ㴥Ŀ
쵯ָе׻ʥѪҲֱӸ
׻洦ʥأͬһǿ󣬲Уȴ㲻ʲôοſǼǿɱȻͬСɣ˲ǽԷĨɱ
ϡ棡
׻һڵӣǺݺһһһǿˣȻּ̧ͱĨɱˡ
Ȼһ߸ʥ̫ϳϣҲһǲɵ÷
㣬㡭
˸￴죬нǸֳ˿־壬ĺˡ
ɨЩһۣƽڣˣֻɱһͻٵǣҲɱ뿪
⻰׻һڵӶǲɵһɵһû뵽ɱǵ棬Ҫ׻ڣȴɱǡ
Ҫ֪ԹЩ̵ţɶ˱ȫ𰡣̣ȴȻǰ
ߣ׻һ𣿡
쿴Щˣֿڡ
㻰׻һ׻ͼ̫ϳϣ󣬵±˶ٶȳ׻ȥ֮ı⣬ҪЩһ
˵һ˶Ȼ˸Ŷܿ죬Ƭ׻ڵӳȥһƿ
ֻ壡ţгһգҵȱضӻع㲻գ
˳𣬱ر
׻߸̫ϳϿڣп־壬ҲԹͺ⣬ȥ
ʹ죬Ҳ֪ԲĶֻ֣ȥܱ
ӵĮɨˡ
ǲˡ
Įֱ̧֣˵⸡ֱ֣ĳŰնȥ
˻·ɱǣȴʶôǵԹ͵̫ˣٲȻҪδݣˣȻ档ɲ޴֪Щ˽ҪΪɱЩ˻š
˵⣬Ľ⣬ת۱䵽˵ͷϿա
˾־׻ŭ
ۣ
˵ĿѪը׻Ļδֱ꣬ӱն
׻ڣһͨӻδȫܹ⣬ʱһĻǲɵþ̲סֵĽӿٵĳ׻ӡ
ವģƿ˷ֱȥǰ
׻ڣһڵȫӹ⡣
ټڣʱֻʣ졢׻ԼС̫
ѹα
׻໽Уһ˷ܡ
׻ڵ桢߸̫ϳȫһڵȫӹ⣬׻ٲȻǵˣеһб䣬ΪС
쵹ԵúƽŰ׻С̫׻ڵһλá
úѰ䱦ʥһʥ˼˼ʥıʮۼ٣εıʤͬʱҩԼһЩϵȣҲѰ࣬龧Ҳǲ١
ټţôûʥ˼ʿΪıҩ
׻Щʧ
бһۣʥ˶ʱΪıҩҲЩ׼ǿŲУ׻ţԾ߱ǵ䱦
Ű׻С̫׻ȥúѰıֵˡ
׻һر˿С׻𱦸ĸ׭塣
Ű׻С̫̤׻𱦸ڣڷһһĹžܲڱϲѰġ׻𱦵䡷ǾΪ׻ڵǿйžһʥžصзǺ
⡶׻𱦵䡷н֯һƾâӳʼƪһ·淭
㲻ǾеƷɱ׻𱦵߷ǳɣʥ׻𱦵ʲô
׻ʵЩ档
콫׻𱦵䡷ֶ꣬׻ֲлҲ
漴ַһЩžɼģҲзġ
֮ˣΪﵽʥյ¸Ľ飬׼ʥԼĹžˣֻпԼĹžδ̤ǿ֣֮֮ԳԽǰˡ
ҪԼĹžȻöϰ˵ϰԽ֮࣬󿪴ԼİԽԣ׶ڣʲôƷֻҪǰῴһ˵ãһͨͨҲܸϡ
תۼ䣬׻𱦸ڷһһĹžת۹ȥҹ
ˡ
ҹʱ䣬һ˵ٶȷ׻𱦸еĹžһЩջһ콫йžк׻С̫뿪


2037 
к׻ͷߵмֵıﶼˣǸˡ
С̫Աߡ
Ű׻Сֱ̫ϡ
¡
̼ӿһɫ׹⸡֣תɫ׵粻䣬תۼǽ׻˸ķѣһɵ١
ȥģ
׻ʵ
֡

ȥ׷ɱܶԸĴУʮ֣ҲС
Щ̵ľλãѾ׻ڷż鵽ڵǲԶնУҲ˶ʱܵ
Ű׻С̫һ죬ûȥñڵ֮
ȥڣһһһַǷĵϡ
Ű׻С̫ֱӿС
ֻ֡壡
ڣŵֱӴ֣һڵȫˡ
ͬʱЩӣһɫȫŮӣɫԲס
׻˫ֱˣλʦãԸ뱾ۡ
ž
ֱ̧֣һƸķˣַˡ
֮ûֵЩͨŮӣǿʥֱӼܿҵλһ档ʵϣԶǲĵʱЯһʥֱӳѹ䡣
ңͬһʱ䣬ӰΪһԼ̫ϳϵȣԶʥ˱ϼһھ˵ķ󣬽֯ޱߵɱ⡣
һʱ䣬ڣӿʥܷ籩ˡ
Ȼһ֪ҪɱҲ֪⣬ԣͬ׻ǰһֱ׼ʱֱӱǴɱ˳
ֻΪնһȻҲ֣Ǿһʧ
ɨ棬ɨһͼ̫ϳϣֱӭϡ
ͻȭһʩչֻضศʥһӿ
תۣȥ
ۣ
һ̫ϳϵ˵ʥԱ飬ʥҲ£콣ֱӽնķ飬Ҳһ
һļ̫ϳϣȻҲһȫն
ҲΪǣ뿪
ڵһͨӣڣƽĵ
˱նڵһڵѾǱŵĲסķʱȻ·ɴ㣬ӡ
һ۶ѣڣֻʣ׻С̫
ֵջʱˡ
׻ĵ
ƽŰ׻Сָ̫һԴ
һĲؾ֮أһейžһһģֱȥʱǿ꣬Щžк׻С̫뿪
䣡
Ű׻С̫֮ϣתһɫ¡
ת۶ѣֻһƬ棬ʹ˳硣
ߡ
к׻Сֱ̫ԶȥתгԶ
εʡ
Ű׻С̫һһ߹úɽںŵʮ̣ʮȥֻرԴȫնʮ޾лۣʮ̵֮ȫٳɷ档
Уÿٵһ̴УͻһʶӻЩ̵Ĺ̶һʿ֪ܿЩ¡
ֱºʮȫ٣ټ磬һΪ֮ڡ
ɹŵ׻ڡ֡úɽڡʮ̣۷ʥ򣬴ٳ꣬ȴ
Źȥã¶ѣһˣͣͽʮ̸
ǣǡ
һʿĲȫֶκƸŵˡ
һˣڶ̶̵ʱʮ۷ʥĴ£Ǵδ
ǿʣµѪȻǡ鴫
̾
ͬһʱ䣬֮ڣͬĽ䣬һһӰƶнԽ֯âʥϰ硣
ȷʵ򵥣ʵĴ˵
ǿԴУ
һӰ񣬴ŽͬĿģ׷Ѱ졣

ʱͰ׻С̫һɽڣķȻҲ֪ȴǲû̫⡣
ɽڣʱʱһĨâʱʱʥԽ֯
֮ǰڣٵʮʥ̣˳ǧĹžⳬǧĹžȻȲеķ˵һЩž֮ڣȴҲвٵĿȡ֮˿ĬĬļԸ


2038 ·
޹ž٣ĹžǺܶ࣬ɽУʶڶЩžʥʱʱΪ֮˸
ôĹžڶ̶ȫڻͨһЩžͨˣ󲿷ȴֻǼ򵥹ۿ£ļ˶ѡ
ý֮ǰĹЩ͸Ĺžȫͨ͸

ɽзڴ׻С̫Ѿǵ֪콫ҪʱҲܲµĬĬۿž԰ûдš
ú߳ɽһȽƽɽǾ
תۣʱȥ
ʱһЩ˼ɽ֮У׻ڵʮȡĹžȫͨΪ֮˺ܶ࣬ΪҲ˲٣ԼѾ˿Ҫ̤ʥڶƣʹð׻ɵöݡ
ΪүҲöЩ
ЩԾ
С̫һƫԴ죬۾ʱʱգһ£ûʲôп
Ҹĵطұչء

Ű׻С̫úһ˼ɽѰһɽȡ
ɽƮŵİܻڹӡ¾ʥĸ󣬽ڵһϢϣ漴ɽģһʯ¡
ǰһ
԰׻С̫ûԥֱӱ˫ۣʼйžݡ
¼ž࣬ЩžıʣԪʥתʽͬתʽʹ¼ĹžƷһǿͬ
󴴷ʵϾҪһȫµʥתʽ
žЩžŲͬתʽ˿̣ʼͽЩʥתʽеľ֮ȥݣȫµʥתʽԼڵʥΪת
ˣ
һʱ䣬⣬ʥʱǿʢʱʱ罣ڣʱ

磬ո߹Ҳ񷣬ĳ⡣
׻ʮֻ̱ٵⶼȥˣֻأ
ЩǿĴѰңȴûһ˷ټ
òΪɵ˰ɣϾѰ𣬿ɶߣһЩѾҪ̤ʥ𼶲ˣԿսʥ𼶴ڣܹɱһЩͨĳʥ𣬿µĺܣ
ǰһ˻ٵ׻ڵʮд̣ʹнΪ֮𺳣нڱȫûĶҲûӰͬǿ׷Ѱ޹ʹн˶һ档
ɵӦòᣬֻչֵǿǻɵͬ˵ӡ
ǿɲһȻǿƣҲǿ󣬵վֻһ˶ѣ׷Ѱж٣ûһҲоǧûһߣǿ壬սȺΣܵסôͬ𣿡
⡭ҲЩ
磬䣬ʿ̽֡䲻ټһ¡

ɽɽڡ
ڹ⣬ʥԲϵ˸ûκιɡ
ϣʱʱŤϵʯʱʱȻըʱʱһܸ֮ʹһʼԱΪİ׻С̫һƶȥɶԶ
ˣ
ʥڽ֯סıãⷽɽ֮ϵ𶯡
˫ۣڵʥԲͬתʽͬʱμֲͬʥתʽӵ㣬ټԸƺĥϡ
תۣȥ
һ죬˫ۣɫ԰һЩһѪˮ
ˣ
ۣ׻С̫˹׻ʵ
бһۣǴ˵ӣ
˵ţǵѪ
񡣡׻Ʋ죬˶٣˵Ҫ˰ɣ¶ٴѪˣǾǾ˵ˣǾ˵ǿˡ
ʱС̫Ϊ커ÿ죬͵һѪȻأվҲⴴˣԼԼŪˣЩԡ
˵չǱ˵ġ

˵ţվк׻С̫뿪ⷽɽȣɽ֮ȥ
ˣ
׻΢к档
ʱˡ
ʱ䣬طһδεרУһδεĽԼˣʥתʽɣʧܸգʹ⵽˿һȫµĹžжôѣĻۣЩҪ˵ľս˲ܹɹԼǿĹž


2039 ߹
ѣǣȴǲܷܼᶨƱҪԼķ
Ű׻С̫ܿ߳ɽڵķΧ
ĿɱǻĹöˡ
׻
С̫ԱߣĽٲȻڸͰ׻Ļ
ܰ߳ɽûգ緲˰ͽУɨܱߡ
ܿ죬ǰһʿ
Ͱ׻С̫ߵת۱㱻Щʿ
ֻ壿
ϣһʿԶݣһǰٵ׻ڵʮ̺󣬱Ǿʧȥټͬ׷ѰȴѰ³ˡ
ͬʱҲһЩоâ߬ȭͷ죬ֻرԴżڴȴûκζΪΪֻʥ˲ζѣҶ춯֡
ǿ㣬ڿһ澰ڶһͷ
׻Ȥ
бһۣûдҲûϵһʿûκα仯ƽԶȥܿ߳Զʧͷ
һʱ伣֣Щ׷Ѱ𣬿ºܿͻȥ
԰
֪֮ᷢʲô£Щɶǿֻ壬һȫס𣿡
ϣһʿʧڴͷӰɴ𺳡

Ű׻С̫ʱѾ뿪֮ǰԶ
ɽתۼ䱻˦ǰһƽԭĵش
Ҳʱͣɨ󣺡
ͻȻˣ⻰׻С̫һʱ䶯ݣͬʱ䱸
ˣ׻ǿüƺûа
ȻС̫Ҳһģǿ󣬲δ쳣
Ŀ⵭Įɨֱ˦Ƭ⡣
ձĽ飬ߵӰ֣ڹ֮Уͬһƶ˦Ľȫܿ
ˣ
׻ݡ
վԭأĿɵĮɨߵӰ
ߵӰڹ֮У·һ㣬ɢϢЩ䡣
ܶһ׻ڵʮ̵ֻ壬ȻǷ
һ˿ڣ粣Ħһ㣬һֺܲĸо
⣿
쿴ˣĮʵ
ʵϣµõΪζκ⡣
Ҳʲô£ֻرԴһá
ߵӰУ֮ǰڵٴγһ˿Ц
Ż䣬⣬ڹӿޱȾ˵ʥѹɢ
ͬһʱ䣬Աߣ⽻֯ͬԴͬʵڹ⣬ҲʥӿȻͬһͬĹž
۷ʥ
׻ݡ
ʱɢʥѹЩˣ׻Ҫǿ˺ܶࡣ
ȻС̫ҲǲɵõۣʱҲǸоǰ˵ǿ
ߵӰվһڹ⽻֯ڹ⾹໥ڣʹ˵ʥʥ໥ӣԼγһĴƿ߽һС
ȴͬԴϢӶɣƲǿʹʵһ̮쫷ϯµĲʹ÷ԲǧڵΪ֮ļ£вٴڸʿϢתۼʮʿϢ
ǣݵ߸ֵܣһ߹
ʮʿȻһ۾Ϳ˽֯⾪ʥߵӰڹУҲ˲ͱ˳˵Ϊȫͬڹ⣬Щ˲˲ϳˣƺݵһ
ôڡ˾ȣ󣬻û˵ϵľɫǵøŨɵò£졢׻Сֻ̫֡壡
ʮʿҲǶ죬һҲɫ䡣
ֻ壬ˣ
Щ˶Ƕݣһ̱ˣΪα߹ط
߹໥ϢȻЩͻȻֵʿҲ֪Ϊǵʥѹʱ߶̫ǿЩ˵ӣΪ֮һ
ٶȽսǿֻ֮뿪
һ˳
ԣ̽ԵͷʥתۼǱøӵǿᡣ
ʱѾʮʿ֮󻹻ʿϵкʵ൱ǿ֣ǾͽضһֻرԴǸʱ򽫻鷳ԣٶȽսǿѹֻ뿪
䣡
ת۶ѣ˵ʥʥһһʥ籩ϯ
⣬ʥʥγɵĴ󣬱øӿ£ɱˡ
һʱ䣬طʿԱɫ
⡭
׻ͫһϢγɵǷʱʵЩ£ǵƣֱһǰȫ׻ǿ˰ٱ
䣡
ʥվһʥѹ໥ڹɾ󣬽Կ졣
Ум˿׻Ǽʮ㲻ʲôĥǣֵҲɭЦڣ㡭
ﬣ
̶ĽֱӴĻ
Ŀ⵭Įϻʱֱ֣նһɫ⡣
ɫ⣬ĽƣٶȺܿ죬תն˽ǰ
͵һϢ۳ɱֱ𣬶󣬽ɫնƲпڵϡ
ۣ
Ѫը˲䱻顣


2040 ɱ
ѪˮƮڿУ㴥Ŀһʿȫɫ
һֻһͣ͡
⡭
ʿ
߹ֵܣǳ𣬸ʥ۷弶ʵ˺ʩΪʱǿɲʥ֮£ûж˿Եס˺ɱ󣬾Ȼһ͸ն۶Ĵҽһ˸նķ顣
Ǻεȵս
׻С̫ҲǶݣɵóԾ
Сӣչһʱ䴴Ȼûгɹսȴƺǿ˺ܶࡣ
׻ۡ
߹δնҲǶɫ磡
ţ˺ʩ仹δǿսҲԲˣ쾹һĥǺĴҽǴն顣
Ҳʱ죬߹бնû껹ڣʱž˵Ļ⣬ȱй䶯ת۳
㣡
죬߹Ϊ׵ɫЩѿͬʱҲ𺳡
һ̣¡һʥٴӿΪ֮ǣ֮ǰҪǿᡣ
߹УȻ֪˵뷨Ҫ׼ҵĹ죬ǣҲԽʥߵĸǿ
˺ʥʥٴһ֮ǰնǷһθ֡
漴˽ⷨӡⷽΪʥʥ໥Ӷγɴ󣬺һأشӣÿһض֯ŷǳ˵ɱ⣬ƺĥһС
ɱ󣡡
˵ľȫݣǿĺϻ֮˵¹һʥǿߵȫһ
һɱסУʥڣûмܻ
ʿ𺳣ɱ󣬾΢
׻ҲԾʱȻܹоõ˺ɱжǿ
סһʥǿߵȫһ
ͫ׶һ
ʥʥ߼ĲβǷǳȻ߹Ǵʥ۷壬ʥսȴԽطһʿȴ̲ס𺳣ˣȻסһʥǿߵȫһ
ѽ
С̫̲סɫʱֱֱĶű߹ɱٲȻǸо˴в
Ŀϣӭ۳ɱʱȻҲǸоѹ

ڣлһĨâһֱӿɱС
һĻʱطʿɫ
ֻ壬ʲôȻԼ߹ɱУˣ
߹ɱ󣬾ǵһμͨʿҲֱӿɱĿ£ɱڽ֯˵ɱһԶᾯŲɱУ潫ɱ쾹ȻֱһɱڣʹطʿǴ󾪣˵ɴ˫ۡ
ԶС̫Ҳ¡
СӣʲôΪʲôҪô
׻벻ͨ
߹ʱҲΪһĻ΢㶡
ЩǿУЩ˼ǵɱ󣬶ǽԼУǣǽ˳ɱ֣ȴǵɱڣǻǵһμ
һ̣˵Ǳñ
ǵȦ֮ڣûʲôãٷ
Ѱ·
һЦ
촦ɱУƽ
ɡ
Į
˵ţ⣬ɫ⻷ƶ˿˿ƽ֯ϡ
ȥһڣչشʧܸգʹ֪ȱۣҪܸҪս˿̣߹ɱ֮ǵɱоѹˣǾãȥɱڸһȥһضĴ֮·в֮á
ĿƽɱУϾʹñ߹һ䣬ʵЩǺܲ
֣
УΪ׵˿ڣ
£˶ͬԴϢӿʹɱ𶯣һɱ⡣
漴ɱתɱӿһľ졣
ɱˣ˲Ϣовȴûκα仯ǲɱڿƶҼӦһɱ⡣
ʱţЩɱԽԽ࣬һĹᴩ
˺
һ·նѣһѪۡ
ҲǱɱ鲻٣СһѪ
ɱʱƸӵܼӵʹʱʱⴴȻֻƤ˶ԣȥȴԵЩǱ
⡭
߹ɱ󣬹Ȼ£ֻ徹ҲסȻȫֻܷ
һʿ𺳣Ұɱڣȫֻһɱ⣬ʱʱⴴȻûܹ߹һΡ
̤ҵɱڣʵ޴ĹԣĴۣ
߹Ц
Сӣ
׻̲סʱɱһδܣ̲ס
ԱߣС̫ȻҲһĿɫ
Ȼ촦ɱУԼȴǺƽʱʱⴴȴû˿仯ͨۿɱתɱڵɱãεȥۿԼȥɱתʥ
ˣת۱ǰʱȥ
ʱɱڣʼûбѹҽûǰǱˣʼӦɱ󣬶ڣ˲١
£Ȼǽ߹֡
ɱڣڽҵȵܼ
˾ŭ


2041 ȫն
߹ΪǴʥ۷弶ΣʵǿȻҲʱʱ䣬Ȼǿɱͼ
Ķ
һȻǶŭɱ󣬾Ϊǿɱĥ¼Ϊǿʵ̫ſˣǶǵ衣
УΪ׵˺ȣȫ
Ż䣬һʥڸһڱ֣Խ֯ʥ
Ȼʥ
ͨԣһʥǺʥģ߹ΪȻʥҶ۷弶ʥǿ
ʱͬʱʥʥȫɱڣ̼ʹɱɱΪ֮ǡ
ܣһʿӭŴ˿̵ɱɱļ£̲סԶ롣
ɱӿ߹ʱȫӽĮޱȡ
򣡡
˵Ŀȫϣ飬ɱʥʱǿ󵽼㣬ѹ졣
ʱʮռΪ̡֮
УΪ׵˿ڣĶ죺ֻرԴգҵȱء
ˡ
쿪ڣֱӴ˵Ļ
һ̣ˣɫԻֱӿϯ˻ġ
Ȼһɱ󵱼òȶʥҲ֮
ף
طһʿϳ˿̼Ľɫ棬Ϊ֮𺳡
Ϊ׿Ǵ˵еܹٻٵһУӵ޵ĳɳԡ
߹ȻҲɫΪĴ׶ͬʱ𾪵Ļһ㣬ǱǣףǺɱȻڿʼ߽⣬ɱڵʥҲڲ·Ҫڴڻ˰㡣
ɱ
УΪ׵˴𣬺һȫʩΪ߶Ѿòȶɱʥɱâһ˵ɱٲѹ¡
鵭Įֱӭϡ
ɱ󣬰ʱʱ󣬶ɱ˲׵ʶ˲ٶڴ֮·ϽһСأʱټԷˣΪܹоĵټȥɱ󣬽ջˡ
һ̣ʼػ׻壬ǲӶȭ
ˣ
һ죬Ť߹ɱٲ˲ķѡ
ȭͷһӶһʥϣֱӽʥҵ֧顣
һȭɱĺϻɱƣٵһʥ⣬
ǿ壬ֱǡ
һĻһʿǲɵͷƤ
ֻ壡
߹еһŭΪ߹е壬ٵʥ
ƫͷˣŲһԴ׿·˲ǰ

³ôһĮۣȭӶһѹ£һ˿˿ɫ֯ȭˣһȭ˵ϡ
۵һ˵ͷ­ֱըҪ룬ȴãڼӺɫĻȭ£žֵı飬һ˲鿪ؼ䡣
ˣ
ı߹Ȼһȭͣͺһˣ⣬⡭
طһʿΪһĻ㤡
߹е˸ǾֵУˡɱˣ

˻𣬸Դ߶ʥʥʥһɱ졣
鵭Įȫ̴סȭ֮콣ҲһʩչĽɫâ֣ѹˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮ䣬еˣת۱ǱĽն飬Ǳĺˡ
ֻǣǻᣬĺѹ䣬ֱӽ˵֡

˾֣һ˲䱻ɫû顣
ģߣ
߹ʣˣǸӾŭ
ɱ㣡
߹еŭ𣬴˿̶죬۳ޣ߶ʥɱȥ
ɱҶֻرԴҪñɱľеĳޣǳġ
쿪ڣܿ죬ͬ˲ưǰֱһƸȥ
ⲻǼ򵥵һƣҩеһͨн֯޾ƣÿһƵƶ·ֱ֮ӽ˼ʥһϡ
ۣ
˱飬Ѫ죬Ψ겻𣬾ŭĺˡ
ȻٶȺܿ죬ת۱ǰ̧һն£ֱӽ˵ն
㡭
߹ʣˣʱ죬̲סɵˡ
ʱǽԷˣǵսԭ˲ֹһ
ߣ
ҧŲʣԶٶȿľˡ
һĻʹطһǶݣ߹߸ǿ𣬾ת۱նˣʣµˣ˿̾ȻǱˣȫûһʼʱǿˡ
̧ͷˣϵıûκεı仯Ӳˡ
Ż䣬ٶȿˣת۱ǽ

ڣ̧ն䣬޽ȴĿĽ֣Ϊ콣еİ콣֯Ľƣ̼ǽ˸û
ۣ
ۣ
ѪըʲҽУ߹˾ʹ콣֮£


2042 ʥڶ
ʺѪˮڿУʿǺݲ
߹Ȼת۾ͱ
ļ¡
һʿĿϣĿ𺳣Ǵ˵ǿʵս̫ǿˣ߹𣬾Ȼ򵥾ͱȫն
Сӣ
׻ۡ
ţ߹ʥʥ۳ɱǵƿǷǳˣĸоʥ֮£ûмܹסȴ׽ɱ˸նˡ
ѽ
С̫˴۾Щȡ
ûʲôˡ
ƽ
ȥһչشȻʧܸգһʱȴǲǺãΪ򷨴ΪҪʥڶأҶԸҲﵽһǳĵزսһǰνҡ
طƱȽϿտΪͱ߹Ĵսʱ򣬸ѾΧ˸ʿվԭأƶĿ⣬ɨ⸽һʿ
ӭĿ⣬ЩʿǲɵһæˣΪԼҪֶֻرԴҪǾԶᲽ߹ĺ󳾣ϾЩʿɶͨǿҲͲʸ߶ȣܹס죿
ȻҲǼЩʿ϶ǵη壬û⣬һӣ߹˵ʥ
֮ǰȴ߹е֮⣬˵ʥûбٵЩʥ۷弶ΣֵǷǳס
ߡ
ʥڣк׻С̫뿪
£һ뿪ܿгԶʧһʿҰС
ǿʣǿѪ棬ǡ鴫
˷
һ죬߹طնɱºܿǴ硣
߹ֻȫնˣնɱ⡭ôܣ
Ǳݵֵܣˣ
˴ʶӻȷʵǱݵˣð
⡭
ˣÿһ׻ǵʿǿܶ࣬˺ʥ֮£Ǵûжܹסֻ壬Ȼ׽˸
ô£
ڣʿ¾סˣ߹ȫն̫ˡ
һϴУҲйעֻ£ºҲΪ֮ݡ
ǿ
һĴۡ
߹𣬸ǿʥͷȴֻǴʥڣΪ׽߹նⲻò˵Щ£˵ѹսʹһϴ̵ĴﶼΪ֮ľ
磬һʱΪ¶սʿΪ֮ɡ
ȴǲûʹЩֻرԴȴ
Ŷԣ˲ŶԵǿ֮ƣ˱Դȡļֵ
мǿºн֯貾âͨʥˡ

׻С̫뿪֮ǰǴطʱѾ뿪˺Զ¹ȥʱһλñȽƫƧɽڡ
ֱչأǴ
׻ۣС̫ط׼չһʱ䡣
ɡͷһβỨ̫ʱ䣬¡
֮ǰͱ߹һսȥԷɱһЩ׵ĸʱ׼̱չأЩĴ֮·òС
ɽѰһελãһصķ󣬸һϢð׻С̫Ϊ漴ϥ£֮ǰĸ
ˣ
⣬â֯˵ľΪ֮󺣷ӿ
ܣնΪ֯ŵĽâһƵŤ
Ϣǹǿ
׻ɵСĸп
ѽ
С̫ĸͣͰ׻ԶΪ커䱸ܡ
ˣתۼ䣬¹ȥ
ºһ죬һӲϢڳΪ֮ǡ
Ϊʱ̤뵽ʥڶ졣
漴һ̣˫ۣӵվ
ʥڶˣ찡׻˹˶ʵķˣ
ûС

µʱ䣬˶ɱĸ򣬶ʼʱﵽʥڶ죬µķȴûֻܹЩĵöѡ
׻ۣûãЧЩͰ
Ϊͷô򵥣
б
꣬ΪֻضֻضɽʣҲķһǧĹ˵ĴûµֻرԴΪǰѣ˺ܶ౶Ҫڶ̶̵һʱɣҲǲ̫ܡ


2043 
ʵһʼʱȻ֪ѣȼȴ֪ĲǺϸֱʼһʱһ·жѡ
ˣȥ
˵
չʱ䣬ΪһС̨ףڴ·ҲһЩ׵ջ񣬲봴·ȴǻźܴľ룬չأʱˡ
£Ű׻С̫ܿ߳ɽķΧɽ֮⡣
ûã߳Զ
Ͱ׻ԼС̫һʱһЩɽ֮ڣչº֣ȹ۴Ȼ羰ĥһľ
Ϊһ;ΪȻҪľȴǸҪһΪ糬Խ˼ľǺ׵µҲν߻ħ֮ľϵǳԽΪ磬ʿԣüԽʵӵһ
ôЩ꣬һǳԣľ⿴ء
ңľϵٽһӾһأô֮Ĵ֮·Ҳضдá
ˣͰ׻С̫һЩƫԶɽּ䣬ɽˮﻨ㣬ͬ˰ͽУſգȴԼһǿʥʿ
תۣһʱȥŰ׻С̫ɽּ䣬һЩǳƽĶ²ҪʳҲͨ˰㣬ѰҰʳѰϪˮ
СӣҪ߶ã
׻죬Ʋ
ôһ£оܿһ˼ҲûС
ȻһУʤһУ˿ɳԽȻҲ࿴򡣡
ƽûȥش׻⡣
Ȼһеĸ򷨣Ҫ˵޵У޵еģأȻûκ˿ԳԽغȻ
ˣȻԳһεĹžȥܻЩջνʵʾǸȻȻһɲ֡
̫ģȥЩĵرү
׻
ɨһۣ֪ĵرûϢ
׻ۣүֻһЩĵرʵúķѴʱȥ̿ã˵Բ
ĵرȥѰɾǽҵͿ֮ϣ
б
߶
׻Ƥǳ
ðߣ
գб۰׻кС̫һЩɽȥ

磬нط̽¡
Ϊն߹Ѿȥˣн磬ӰһεʧˣѰ٣ȫѰҲ
ѵǣ֮ǰն˱߹ˣȥˣ
𳶵˴ʶӻûǷǼնˣôˣ
Ȼˣôʧˣȫûټ
²κټѰ֮ʿΪ˶
֮תۣ¹ȥѰټϧȴûѰʹнʿܺ쾿
ֻ壬ͥһӣԭµޣɸһսսԶҪ֣֪н磬ֻֻң
һ죬һ𣬴⣬ܿǴ硣
һʱ䣬н磬ʿԶݡ
²ټѰ֮û뵽˰µս졣
ңˣͥһӣ
ͥһӣ˵ĳ־ѪһڷǳµĹΪʥأɱʥ𣡶ң˵ɱģʥصǿߣ
ʿ𺳣һЩԡ
⡭
н磬ʿȻҲ֪ȴԣͥһӾȻµޣȻս죬˽Դ󾪡
ͬʱ磬һѰȻҲͥһӵɱҲΪ֮ݣжĹԻ
֮һƬǳƫԶɽУȻҲ֪¡
ޣ
Ц
ҪȡֻرԴҲˣͰһ޽Դ˵ȼʵЩɺ޴ȻҲǳ˶ġ
׻ҲЦȵӵļȥǰ㵱ɵӿˣʵȥ
ɨɽ֮⣬ϴЦ˶٣ȥ
׻ԣһ㶣Gȥۣɵˣ
С̫ۡ
ԵӵļȻҪȥӭս
ȥԿ϶ڣٵϸʮ¡
ڴ·Уƿ֮£Ҫսսĥ¼߼ӼԸĸ˲ٴνͥһӺǿս֮һսĴкܴá
ҪǣϾƹ֮ǰɱͥЩħˣŻ£ͬκ˶鷳Ϊһ̨һͬ˽սôܲȥıսȥǾ͵ǸϾƹĨڡ


2044 ľٴɱ
Ͼƹ£Բ
ԣսͥһӣ᲻ȥ
ɵˡ׻ŷۣüǻʥǿ߶ɱȷţܹӦˣ
һȻһЩǳƫԶɽּ䣬ǶнĸִţȴҲǶ֪˹ͥǸһӵһЩԣսܿ¡
¡

ë㵹Ǹ϶ش𰡡
׻
֪Ȼ֮ҪȥӭսǾͱضȥǸͥһӣ˵ĴʵЩ£ʥ˶նǵǣΪȻ֪ǿ󣬵ȴʵûаʥڶΪնɱһʥǿߣ֮ǣʤͥһӣûġ
֪׻Ϊģȴǲ⣺ʱ֪ˡ
˵ţк׻С̫һЩɽ
׻ȥò֮ǰǸĴ𰸣һ⣺ȻҪȥôҪϸʮ²ȥ
ҵľ˲٣գӦܵõһ⣬ûлرܣֱԻش𣬶ֵ⣬ȷԭֻͥһڵң
׻ԣһ㶣Ȼܣͥһս㣬ȻȻ󲨣ضʿǰȥУҲһЩֻرԴ𡣡˵ţݣ۵롭
ͷȥǸط𣬾Բ٣ʱͻȻһҶ֣ҼսȫסǰһЩ׼˵ţ¶һĨЦ˶Ȼã˶ȫ
ʱЦ׻ûɵĶ£СӣЦĺа񣡡
бһۣкС̫Զȥ

磬ԭ
ԭΪһƽԭأǳĹسƣľ١
ԣһͷʥ޾ʿǰһЩĻ֮ɱ֮ʳ֣һսгʮ켶ǿƬϣһǳĵط
һ죬ʱԭѾΧʿʮ
ԭУһӱ˫ֶͲ˶ȴһɽ֮ƣ·Ϊ
Ǿǣͥһȱ񣬺áǿ
ԭϣ˿ӣǲɵ¶η֮ɫ
ʱ򣬿ȱһʿȻǸźԶҲܸоȱϵϢж£ѹ˴ɫס
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһһԶһһγ֣
ͥһӽս˵еǿʣ˲⣬ܲ᲻ӦսǰȴڵһʱϵطȺ
⡭ֻ֪֮᲻Ӧս
˵ȱǳǿ󣬷ǳ£ΪͥһˣʥصΪɱʥǿߣսֻȻΪǿʣɱϾΪȱ̫࣬᲻ǰһսûܿ϶
ȷʵ
һЩСۡ
ȱһϮ£ԭϣȻ˫ۣɶϵһУҲǾ֪ȴһ˿һҲ⡣

ʱ䣬ָͬɳŵĺܿ졣
Ű׻С̫һЩɽڣתۼ䣬չȥ
պһ죬ɽּƽзǳŨʥӿͬʶһ㣬ͬˮԴҺһ㣬˿˿Ƶ
Сӣ⡭
׻ԱߣһĻͻȻ䶯ݡ
ѽ
С̫Ҳǵۡ
һ̣죬ͻȻ䶼һӺһƵģǰȴоǺԶоˡ
ûʲô
Ц
ɽּ䣬µʱȥһ죬ľ裬ڼ̵ݺʧȥΪٻָ֮һɱ䣬ֻо˶ÿ
ֿУͬŶʱǰ㣬ʱо̹ͨ
ȻҰУһ̱ø
ƨûʲôʲô
׻ۡ
һЦûж˵ʲôк׻С̫ڵǰɽڣѰһȽεɽߣϲһһ󣬶С
ð׻С̫ΪȡһЩҩĺ;ʯȣһЩ׼
ˣתۼ䣬չȥ
պһ죬ɽڸֱԽ֯ðȥ
ּʥԼ֣ɽһ׼ڡ
ˣȥԭ
к׻С̫һĨЦ


2045 ֻ壬ˣ
ľõһ׼ҲѾã׼ȥԭˡ
Сӣʤİղ˿ɾˣ
׻ʵЩġ
𣿡
ƽɽȥ
׻һԣԺ룬ҡͷ˵˲ǧ꣬Ӧúܳġ
ϵðһƬߣ᲻죿Լһˣ
̧֣һѽץһԵС̫Сһϣ
˵ţԼ֣Ű׻һᡣ
ѽ
С̫գۣ˽ȥСצճȭŰ׻Ӷǻ֡
ǡأ
׻С
Ȿѻ֣С̫Ȼº֣ʹ
һۣʮʱȥ֣԰׻ôһ٣ҸоľһЩԺԾһ١
ҪȥԭӭսͥһӣȴûһĽŸУһεľйأͬʱҲΪԼоԵš
׻һһëˣһСӣ潲аûͥĵһӣĲ򵥡
쿴Ű׻ӣЦƽϼһţҲͬκˣҶԣҲһҲôţ֮ͬڣûʤҡ

ԭʱƣչȥ
طʿ۶Ѿгʮ
Ѿȥˣֻ嵽׻᲻
ͥһӽսؼǿʣ߼䣬ͥһǿƥ磬һ֮ƣֻ壬Ϊؼǿʣʱһһķ籩Ϊ֮Ŀеһ˽սһˣȻʹʿȤ˶ط
ǰѾڳˣֻ壬ò᲻˰ɣ
ط˶ڴĳ֣뿴ͥһӵս
ԭУͥһȱʼǾվţʼǱ˫ۣһķᱮɺ
ʱ䣬ɿš
תۣչȥƬԭ˸ʿѾʮ֮ࡣ
Ҳԭ㹻Ϳ㣬򣬲ɵôʿ
ѾȥһˣֻĲˣ
ѵսˣ
ܣӦð֮ǰֳǿսŶԡ
һ¹ȥԭϣʿǿʼüʧǿǶڴֻǰսͥһӡ
ԭУȱۣܹӦϵһУȴɱֱĸֶû˿仯Įľĵȴš
䲻ԶһȺʿΪǷǳףԴʥ߶ȣǿʥ죬Ϊȱ׷ߡ
ֻ壬һս˵Ϊηһ𣿡
һҲǰʲôµһֻʣǹƨ
˵ҵȣҲһָǿʣЦĺܣ
Щ׷ȱڽңرֶνȥԶ
ԭϣʿЩˣЩ˵Ľǲɵðҡͷ֪ЩǹڼǰӭսɻǾЩ˵Ļ̫źͿЦҪ֪֮ǰʶӻ߹ǵ𶼱նˣЩٲȻԶԶȲϱ߹ȴıͳ졣
ֻ壬
ҵһսһֻ֣
ң˫֣
ԭ֮ϣȱһȺ׷ŲϿڣЦĳ졣

ͻȻԭϣзɳ
ϣƽȵİƺڶ
ԶŲŰ׻С̫֣һԭ
ʱ䣬ԭϣȺڡ
ֻ壡ˣ
ⷽԭϣһʿ̲סһݣ˵۾ˡ
ͬʱҲһЩн֯貾âֱֱĶʱֵ졣
ЩˣѾһ£ڵĳ֡
ԭУֶȱ˫ۣĿϣâһûֱӱƬգǿʥʹһʿԷ
Զ֮ǰȱһȺʥ׷ߣʱ֣Ǳտڲԣ֮ǰſҲ϶Ǹ˼ɵǵĽͳֻΪ˼֣ĳ֣Ļҽ
Ŀһʱڻԭеȱϡ
ѾطȻ֪ˣǽսͥһӡ
ĿϣƽһĳŶԷȥ
䲽ƽˡ
ۣ
ȱԶĵط֮ǰһȺʥǿУֱը


2046 챦Ѫ
ѪˮƮڿУ㴥Ŀ
ȱȥ֮ǰЩˣһۡ
Ŀƽʼƽ
ۣ
ȺʥУڶըһ
⡭ǣ
Ϣ񣬺񡭡ʹһ𣡡
ԭʿǳˣҲ񾳸߶ȣʱ죬оϢֻã˷·ʮںˣص䲽طһʿ΢
֮ǰˣʮˣʥǿߣվһʱȫ¶㤣ǱһεϢˣһ¶ˡ
ûпЩˣĿʼȱϣƽԷ
Ĳʼûʲô仯ʼ緲˰ƽȻÿһȱʮʥ׷֮УǻһըͬҲһ
һɱһˣ⣬⡭
ǿɶʥô򵥸ɱɱˡ
ԭϣһʿ𺧣һĿƣ˲ɵ÷
׻С̫ҲԾΪһĻݡ
һһսô𣿣
׻ۡ
׷ȱʮʥ˿ȫεϢѹƣÿһбһըҽжһʱ䣬˶¶֡
ˣǣ
˳ȱȡ
ȱԭУ䣬ĮĿЩʥȣ·ȫû
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһը
䲽֮ǰˣһ
תۣʮȥȱʮ⣬ʮʥȫ䡣
ټԭһ
һʿ죬һᵽʲôǿֻǼ򵥵ȴתۼʹʮʥǿըֶΣ˾η㤡
ͬʱȺУһЩǿĿϣ΢
еֻ壬㲻
ԭУԭؾһµȱڣ˫֮УЩ˺ǿƣϡ
⣿
Եúƽ
ȱۡ㣬ϣն㣬ֻرԴͥ
ڡ
鲻䣬ֻôĸ֡
ȱӸ䣬ʥ⸡ʥѹһƵӣϯϰ˻ġ
ɣ˿˿ʥ⸡ʥѹԻİ˷ƶ
¡¡
ûж֣ʥһ̿ʼײʹԭΪ֮𶯺
һƵ绡мԻ͵죬ʹһŤ
ܣһʿӭϢļ£ˣŵŵɵĺˣȻһЩͨľʥҲ⣬ֻӭ˵Ϣ͸оʹ·һ̾ҪϢ֮ը鿪һ㣬һ˳ȥǧɲǺЩ
ֻϢײƣˡ

¡¡
ԭУȱʮԶϿռ䲻Ť
мַ
ȱ飬ĿϣڵǳĮ
⣬âƣȱĻʲôӦָּᵯ
ﬣ
̶ĽһʱһɫָŽƥĽ⣬·ԽؼһжᴩֱĳȱüĶȥ
ȱһ䣬ֱ̧ĳһƣԻӭŽ𽣶ȥ
ߣתײһ
͵һĽɫ飬ȱƷҲһʧ
ӵĮʱֱӶˣһʮɣ˲ȱǰ
䣡
ɫͨʹת۽طһƬɫ׺׺֮дת۳ȱŰΡ
һַǳµĹٶȣԭϣһʿ͸ֻһЩǿܿһΪ֮ݡ
ȱߣʥ⻷ƣӶƣۻ룬Ƭĳ硣
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
йȫ£󣬿һҲ֮
ȱһҲˣһ춼Ӱֻ̧ȭʲôֻͨǼ򵥵ǹȴ֮ȭˣ졣
޾壬ȭӭϡ
תۣײһȭȭײһԵ쫷硣
ʮռ䣬Ϊ˵ȭײϵ̮顣
áǿ
Զһʿ𺳣ȻһЩ۷ʥҲ⣬Ϊ˵Ƕֻãһȭ׼佫ǻķǡ
飡
飡
飡
ȭȭײȱ棬һ񷶼Ϊ֮
ʥڶضѣ֮ȴȫʥͷԻ챦Ѫȱǿʵʱ
ԶŸվһ𣬸ˣһ΢˫ۣоâڽ֯


2047 ȥ
Ÿ꣬ǿʥͷңٲȻǶȱϤ
ͥһԻ챦Ѫ͹ģһˣǣһЩʥǿ߲ڡ
Уһ˿ڣ΢дĿı⽻֯ʹϵնΪ֮Ť˴ƬϢǳˡ
ֻ壡
˿ڣͳ
챦ѪͥһȡһξѪ޾ĵرʱǧɣֵһ˵ǵõ췭ظı仯ȱõ챦Ѫ֮͹壬ͬ׵嶼ҪǿһЩʥڶصΪȫȱѪ͹ʥͷȱʹþ˾Զݡ
䣡
ԭ𶯣ȱ棬ȭȭһĺ
תۼ䣬ʮȥԺһȭԺ˳ȥʮԶ
֮ȵң
ȱĮ
΢ȵ㣿
ЦٴζˣǲһΣ˲ڶԷǰһγȭ
ˣ
һȭǼ򵥵ǹȻȭȴǿʢĺˣһУԶԶ֮ǰȭȡ
ȱݣ̧һȭӭϡ
˵ȭͷתۼٴײһ
飡
һ̣һƺߴȱɣһεδĿѪˮ֮ϡ
ǣ
ʤԻ챦Ѫ͹ȱ
ԶŸֶݡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԭϣһʿҲ󾪡
ȱȻһȭˣ
߳߸С̨׵Ϊǡֻ壿
⡭
Щʿš
ǿʣʥڶضѣȻôǿ⣬ʥǿ߲˰
˽Աסˡ
һߣ׻С̫һ̲סЦ
С̫طжµˣǿ壬£Ǿͱ̬ĺܣټվһδεı֮壬ĵһЩ۷ʥҲ
䣡
ԭģʥ𶯣ȱסΣȫѿˣѪˮһ˿˿ʶԼԿڵɭɭ׹ǡ
ܱȵ㣿
쿴Įĵ
ȱһʱñĻУһɵķ̡
죬ʥӿһµٶȿʼתۼһޱȺ˵ĲΣʹ񷶼Ϊ֮ɫпΪ֮ϯ
ԭϣʿȱʱɢϢ̫ǿˡ
ϢһĳʥҪǿ
ɱʥǿߣȻ٣Ϣֱǡ
˲ɵ÷
Զ׻ҲݣΪȱʱɢƶ̫ǿᡣ
ȻС̫Ҳ⣬˫ۡ
һ̣ʮտ죬ǴĲ㣬ȱϢ£ʱȫ̮
촦ڻԭУӭȱ˿ɢǿϢû˿ɵ
ƣ˭᣿
䵭
Ż䣬ͨʥ¡һʥӿֱӳ漴Դֻضתٴαǣ˲Ϣʮ
һʱ䣬طʱ𶯵ĸͣԭҲһ𶯡
ȱһǿ
ԭ֮ϣһʿһζݡ
ʥڶصΪʱɢϢȫʥͷȱ
Զ֮ǰǾŸζݣͫײɵһ
ô᣿
ֻ壬еǿ壬ʱôۺ񣿲ʥڶضѣԻ챦Ѫ͹ʥͷȱǿ񣬾ȻҲһһ
ˣȱһҲͥʱ¶˾ɫ
һλϣϤİ׻С̫һҲǲɵý𾪡
Сӣƣ⡭׻ɴֻۣضʮսƣҲ̫˰ʥһʱǿ˺ֹٱô᣿
Ϊľһδԭľô󣿣
š
ʵϣĲ²⣬ûд
ǰΪһС̨ףľֵ֮һξ޴޴ʱ䣬˶òһˣֻܽرԴǱܸķӳֻضսȻȻһ츲صı仯
ԭУȱʥԽ֯о˿ɢƣͫײɵһøͱ䣺ãõúܣıԴȷʵֵᣡȻҽλԣ޾أ̺һпܣ
ӵĮʱûκζĻһĲӰԻһ˲ȱǰ
ȥ
򵥣Ӷȭѹȱ̼佫ʮֱӸı̮


2048 Ѫ
ǿһȭȭʮ񷶼ҡƺһ̾Ҫ̮
ȱӱ䣬ʥһ㣬ǻȭӭĻȭ
ˣ
ȭ˽֯һƵɫ棬ͬʱűȣϢܺˡ
תۼ䣬˵ȭͷײһ
һΣ˲Ǽ򵥵棬ǿͨط
ϴ˼ʥȭײ̮գʱøӵưܡ
ʥΣ򣡡
ȱڣֱӳһڸǿɫӿѹʮֶ¡
޾壬콣һչӭϣѹңǱɱˡ
һʱ䣬ƬռڣͬɫʥʹããһƬԿ塣
ģ䣬ܹããʥУӰڿײһ
תۣʮʱȥ
ӰͬʱɳϵʥɱâҲ֮תʧ
ȱؿڴż͸ѪѪˮסʣԿɭɭ׹ǺͲƵอĿġ
һߣҲûкõȥ˫۽飬ѪģѪˮס
ƽɫ
ֻ壬ʥڶΪȫסʥͷȱ⡭
ԭϣһʿ𺳡
ˣĿⶼǽĶԭĵȱ
ȱ⣬ʥ⽻֯ϵѪٵϡ
ãõúܣ
죬䡣
Ҳ
쵭Į
⣬ɫĻԾ̫תۿɼٶȻָ
ȱӸ䣬
컰еķ̡
ˣ
⣬ʥ𶯣Ϣ˷·һںڶ·ǱһǿգһƬİ󸡳·ûһС
İӣʥ۶ɣȴ·ʵһ㣬µˡ
顭ʥ
ȱѪѵѪ֮ͨУ
ԭϣʿһ¡
ȻЩУ˶ϵȱ˿̼֮Ǻܼɵ
ڣһ̣˿ٺˣ±ǹʥ롣
ͬһʱ䣬׻ҲǶݡ
ʮ壬ֻѪѪ˵ŽؼǰʮһѪѣ޳֮һлΪޣʼʼºܶ࣡
ڹżпʮǿѪȻ֪ѪĴڡ
лһĨ΢â֮ǰȱΪһǿĿѪû뵽ȻΪ棬Ǵ˵еѪݹżеļأѪĺˡ
ֻǣıȴû˿仯һĮ
漴ֱӿԷ
֮гûΪĽ֣
ȴѪֱ֮ͨĳѹȥ
Ĳûκα仯ֱӭϡ
һֱ̣ӲȱѪͨУĴһʿԼȱ𺳲ŵУֱӳȱǰһƳ
ž
ĶһȵȱֱӽȱĺɣָӡݻѪˮա
һʱ䣬ԭϣ˽Ǳɫ
ȱǸͥһӣȻһ⣿
Щ˲¡
ȱѪʥ۷ΪԼһ֮ƣ񣬼ǿѪͨ󣬾Ȼʥڶֱӳһ⣡
ЩʿԣһĻ̫ھˣ
ͬʱҲһЩ˾һ㣬ǱǣȱѪͨȻȫûжЧ
ô£ֻ巽ƺȫûзΪȴûܵӰ죿
ԶͥŸǿͫһ
һλϣ׻С̫һʱЦЩ
ȱ԰ɣԼŰ
׻ĵ
ţȻȱΪѪŶԷѪͨѹ죬ȴȫûеģΪ֪Ч
䣡
ʥԭУȱһסΣǴ˿˿Ѫ
ֻ壡
죬ɫԵЩ
ͥһӣ񣬾Ȼ쵱ʮ˵棬һ⣡
쿴ȱɡ
֪ҵʣǰѪڸоôʹʹ
Ц
ţԷѪͨʵԻӶȭֱһȭԷûôѡŶԷճһ⡣
˶ԣһȭԷԷһĴˣɸ
ǾϵĴˡ
طôʿֱӸԷһ⣬㹻öԷˡ
ȱɫѿ˫ֽ߬ʥӿɽ緢
Ҫ
ͺһɱѹ졣


2049 
ʥ֯ȱɫ㣬˫Ŀɱ⣬ɱ졣
֮ʥһʱ䣬Ϊ֮ŤƬѡ
ߣܣӭϡ
תۼ䣬һײһ
ȱ취ӡ·ǳгƬǿãԻȥ
ȵâǱѰһ˵Ϣƺܽﶼ
оȵâĿ£ϵıȴû˿ı仯
ת콣ƬĽɫԻһ꣬ƺƵնȱת۱Ǻȱĵâײһ𣬱һһĺ
ʥԣʮʹûԭһʿݣȫǰˡ
ﬣ
̶ʱ֣޽ȴնޱĽ
һ˲䣬ĵâʥԱȫն飬âֱĹᴩȱüġ
漴һһӰתۼƵȱǰ
ˣ
ûκζͶĶӶȭȱͷ­
һȭϷնһһʱ佫ȱϵĿռȫ
ǿ
˹νܲ͸磬һһУʹʿΪ֮𺳡
ֻǣȹȻ£ȱϾһˣӭȹû˿ңܲˣӰԻٲȻǼĳǿͨתۼǽĽâ˺ѣȭͷײһ
һײʮռϵƲȫķ顣
ǧն
ȱ䣬ʮնʱŤεĻ֮ӿ
Ѫʩ

ȱѪ֮ϣʹĻ֮ΣǿܹоӸͬѹĻϢʱֱӶ֣һȭܼȭӰɨϵÿһ䡣
ȭӰԻкɫ绡֯ŸͰԵ֮
͵ת۶ѣӿܵλȫ

һοԷȭӶȭֱԷš
գذܣ
ȱӭϡ
תۼ䣬ٴսһ
񱩵ʥط֯ʱʱѪˮ䡣
ȱѪҲѪ
˼ս¡
תۣʮȥȱٽӡѪͨٴμ漴µʶ񣬽ֱ֮ںһ𣬻һԹӣӿȡ
ʱһɸɲϢ֯Թӣһγѹȥ
ټʼ

ɲĵڸ˿˿ƵעԹС
һʱ䣬Թӱøӿɲ
ԭ˲ϢһɺŵϢ֮С
ѪıԴѪʶټʼ⣬⡭
ʿһ̣ȱһܣʵЩˡ
Զ׻С̫ҲǶɵöݡ
˸ӡ
׻ĥ
һ̣ȱʩչֶΣ̲סļ¡
ԭУ⣬ȱѪͨʶʼ۳Ļ̫ˣԻ֮졣
ǰĺڷ裬ȴɲ䣬ΨһЩ

ֻôֻ֣ͼֱӳ̼ɢʥĺϢ
ֻضʮս˰벽ֻͼϣӭս
תֻۣͼȱĻײһ
¡
ײԭһξһ̾Ҫ
ǣͼǡ
áǿ
ȻȫסȱѪʶںϣ⡭
ԭϣһʿپȱĻӺܿ£ĲʱֻͼǾ㤣ǵʥͺ嫣
ԶͥŸͫһ
ȴ⣬ȱǿֶˣǣȴͼסˣͼѵǡ򣿣
ŸԷѰʱһЩ
ԭУȱѪʶʼں϶ɵĻӼս죬ֻͼһһεײɵֶݣ¶ɫʱʩչֶΣԻʥˣȴһͼȫסˡ
ʧˣɲá
ͻȻ
ֻͼȱʱ򣬽ȻסҲһ뵽ֻͼ֮ڡ
ʱ䣬ֻͼ𶯣ǿֻͼ
򣡡

£ֻͼ͵һֱӽӸѹ顣
ȱݣ⡭
飡
ֻͼĥ̰ѹ䣬ֱӴȱĻ
һֻ̣ͼȱϣ۵һֱӽ֮ķ顣


2050 ħ
ѪˮƮУȱ飬ʱʹԭһʿԴ󺧡
ȱȻȻ
һʿʱɵý΢ǿͥһӣԭս죬սһʱ֮󣬾ȻֱӺش
ֻ壬ôǿ󣿣
ͼ˱仯֮ǰЩһˣ˵Ĳڽ֯
Ҳڣ
ԶͥľŸǿһʿɫͬʱҲֻͼʱĳЩ仯
䣡
ԭУ嫻ӿȱ飬ȴǲ࣬ʱ۳ʥơ
㣡
ؾ۳¿죬ȱɫѿˣ˵ɱڽ֯
ͥһӣطս죬Ϊ߳߸С̨ף£ֻ壬սҲӦǻܶŶԣ񣬾ݵĽ棬ȴȱݺݵĳһ⣬бӿʼڵս֣ȫ·оⶪޱܡ
һ⣬ʥøӷڣһͺɫֳ졣
һһӰ۶ٲȻһǿطʱһʮǿͨҽѪͨʶʼһμʮǿͨںΪһ壬ƺƵѹ졣
ߣӭȱٳɫû˿仯ܣϡ
ˣ
ֻͼһӿʥֱ֯ȱ
ȱŭӣ㡭
飡
쿪ڣһδ϶ԷĻ
ֻͼУѹȱٴڶԷϡ
۵һȱһα飬ĿѪˮ졣
ȱ֣һα
⡭
ԭϣһʿһ
תۼѣȱȻλ
¡
磬ԭУȱȻһα飬ȴɲ𣬻ڽ֯ؾ
Цһ˹ȥڶԷ۳ʱֻͼֱѹ¡
ۣ
Ѫˮȱα顣
ٸȱĻᣬֻͼйǸ֣Ľѹ
һĻʹԭһʿסķ˾ɫˡ
Сӣʤͥһӣ
һߣ׻ԵЩȣһЩ˷ܡ
ѽ
С̫ʱ컶
¡¡
ԭУʥȣֻͼһһѹȱ
ֻǣȱ̫ǿˣֻͼѹŴζԷĥܣǿʢա

ֻͼ𣬱ǿƣһһѹȱ
תۣʮȥȱЩȴûлļ
ˣ
ҲʱȱɭҼӿŭͺ˵ɱ
һʥԣֻͼſ
࣡
Ѫ䶯תۣйǽڣ
ؾ۳һ̣һعԻ϶УɫʹϵϢ̼仯һɷǳ˵ϢӶ
ڣóˡ
ֻ壬ʥڶΪƵȷǿǿʡ鴫
ԶͥľŸǿн֯һƵľâ
ͬһʱ䣬ԭϣʿݣȱ˿̵ģ
⣬ǡ
ħóڴ˵еı
˵ɱɱһʥϱǿߡ
һЩ֪ȱµʿʱɵóЩ
һߣ׻С̫ԣҲݡ
ħ
׻ɫ
ٵ׻ڵʮдʱ죬Щڷ˲ٹżħļأഫΪͥһλרԴɱٵħ壬ΪɱɵԵ㡣
ΪڰԵһ˸ˣ߱žɹŷͥǿһλ˵޷ȱȴȻƿ
˸ӣ⡭
ʱֱӱɫ
ԭУĿȱϣΪ֮һ
ħ£ȻҲ׻ʮڿȹͥ棬ͥǼϾƹļеһˡ
ʱȱоȱı仯Էһͬһˣ⽻֯ŵϢ궼һ˿⡣


2051 ħ
ȱ֮ϣһƽ֯϶У¡
Ƹ֣һɷǳ˵Ϣӿϰ˻ġ
ü֣
һ̣ȱɢϢо˾޴в·һεɱĲһ㡣
ʥڶصΪҼֻ壬ܺãֵýˣ
ȱ
û˵ʲôΨͷֻͼøӳң֯ǿϢ
ȱӱ䣬һ̶ˣһ˲ϢǳǰָţצƳȥһɫָϡ
ڵһʱо˾޴ѹ˿⣬ֻͼӭϡ
ֻͼŲԣת۱Ǻȱצײһ
߼䣬ʱ֮⣬໥һ
תۣʱȥһ΢Ĵ촫ֻͼһѺۣ漴Ѻͬ֩һӡ
ô᣿
Զ׻ɫֻͼǿʱ򣬾Ȼˣ
챾ҲǶݣֻͼڹѣʥɵΪȱצһɱ˺⳯

һ촫ֻͼȻը
ɫɿĺˡ
ֻ壬㲻ˣ
ȱһٶȿ켫ܶ࣬ת۱ֱƵǰ
˫붯צɫ۶ĳѹ䡣
ٽӡӡӭȱ
Ȼȱʱ̫ǿˣɫ޼᲻ݣ·һ㣬̼ӡ
ۣ
ɫᴩؿڣ˲ϢƬѪˮƷɡ
һʱ䣬ԭϣһʿԲɵһ
ֻͼˣˣ
Ǿǣ˵ͥ޷ƿصħáǿ
һʿĿ𾪡
׻С̫ȻҲǱɫ챻ش¶ޱȵǵı顣
ԭУסΣӶѿ̫תѪɫᴩ塣
һ̣ɫ΢䣬̫Ϊʥõܶ࣬ؿڱȱħᴩһɿµϢڣҴܣ̫һʱ侹Ȼȫ޷á
ವһƿȱӶɫĮ
תɫ׵һƶŶԷӭϡ
ͣ
һ죬ĺɫ׵ת۱Ǳħ֯ɫӸ
һɫͻƶֱĹš
ѪˮؿʳĿġ
ҧʥ𶯣һץסɫ֮γڣӶȭϡ
漴̫ľɿתһ̼ʶһ
ͽͣ
ȱɫ𶯣֯˶תһС
һһαУը鿪
ħħɱ޿ƥУ
ԶͥľŸǿУ˿ڵ
ԭڣѪһ˴鷳ɫޱȵء
ȱħ·ѹһУзûЧ
Ҳʱȱٴѹ˹
ֻ壬ħ򣡡
䣬ȱڣɫӱ鲼ʮգ仯һ޴ɫֱӽ
ʥħ֮Уܱ鲼ƣ·һ
ңֹˣһɿµ֮˷ӿֱûڣɿʴ壬ת۱оʹʶɿı
ɫʮ־񣬸ֱתֵȱħ
Ȼȴûãȫס
УʶԽԽ
ħĽ֡
ȱĮ
伡ϣԱ鲼ɫӣһа֮С
ֻ壬ꡭˣ
ԭϣһʿݣؼǿʣҪȱˣ
ȻˣҲˣϾȱΪ̫ˣ߸С̨ףοȱڴ˵еɱһսʵͲƽеƣȱռšʤǾˡ
ô
һЩʿ⻰룬ɵ΢΢ͷ
ȷʵˡ
˶Դ˶ǳͬĹ۵㡣
׻С̫ʱȻǽ˼㡣
Сӣˣ죬Ǹϱ̬ĵӣ¹ɷ򣬹ʲôƨħ
׻
챻ħУħĿʴڲϸʴ壬ʹѵʶڲϱȴɸӦõܣӦõһʿۣӦõ׻С̫ĽҲõ׻Ĵ
Ű׻ĻʴʹޱȣʶԽԽģѪˮȴ΢ʱ򷴶Ц
˵Ĳ
Ц
һ̣ħУֱӱ˫ֵۣħĲʴ֮εĿӿڣκο⡣
һ̣ƿصķȻ޷ֵħαػЩֵһ·һڿԵֵħ·ˣڴ


2052 ԣħ
·УҪϵĥսҪ򷨣չضҪϾƹΪ׼ͬǿƼ̨ЩķĥԼЩķԴԼķ
˫ۣȱħڣȫſռħʴ֮壬ڵʥȫֹֹͣͬȪһ㣬޲ۡ
ʼѧԣֿˣ
ȱĮ
ϣϽɫĽ֯ħѹ졣
ħڣһҲ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ѪըѣѪˮһʶøɫҲ԰
ıȴûκα仯һƬ
˫ۣڵʥתħʴӿУȻĸ䣬ȿµ̼ѪǣѪȥϤӦıʡ
ħӿʥУʥ֪䱾ʡ
ģӿڵħʴ֮ԽԽ࣬ϢԽԽ
һۣȥϵϢ˵͹ȣ·֮һ̾ҪϨ𣬷·һҪħĿȫɡ
ȻҲʱһֱžֹʥת
һ΢ʥ⣬Ȼ΢ȴ͡
ûģһ⣿
ȱĮһħڣƸʴ֮ת۱øǿͿ¡
˫ۣħڣӦõħı仯ȴ⡣
ڣԴһɢ˿˿ƵĹԣһֱžֹʥתԽʵڿƣͬһ㣬һֱʥķʽͬκ
ģʥתٶȱÿ֯ʥҲԽԽŨ
ˣ
ʥԾħȱ߶ĸǿǵεĿ֮ӿڣȴ˵ˣӿڵ˲Ϣ
ͬʱըѵѪܿʼָ԰׵ɫú
ǣ
ľ񣬺ã񡭡ڻָ
ûڻָ⡭ô£
ԭϣһʿԶݡ
֮ǰ컹ħѹƣȱħ󣬸ǽ˶ܸоϢɿʱϢѾ˥͹ȵ죬ƾȻͻأʼָˣ񣬾Ȼһıǿ
ָоͷ·µһ΢磬ͻƵرεض
׻С̫һĻǶϲ
úúãСӣȻôװܣ
׻˷ܣ߬˫צ
ԶͥŸһǶݣ¶ݡ
ǣѵ
˺ǿʱԼ俴Щʲô
ͬʱԭУȱһ˫Ŀ˵ĺ⡣
ҵӲС
ΪͥһӣȱΪǿսǿȻȻҲʱ򿴳ʲôȻڽħžʵڴ󵨣
򣡡
ȵħӿ̼øӿ¡
ԭεħ֮һ۳ʵʣһɫ˾졣
ȻһΣħڵħ֮ˣʥǿԼ·һ򣬽ħ֮ȫ
ȱݣʥԡȻסħڵħ֮
ǿ
ȵħžתĸ졣
ħڣħ֮øŨĳϯȥ
ʮգħ֮£͵𣬶ʱھٻָ
ʥԣȸӿµħ֮£ʼ·һ̱ǾҪħ֮𣬲ȴʼղʼ΢΢Ծ
һ˲Ϣʥһαǿʢ֮ǰǿʢһӲӿħ֮𿪡
Ҳʱ΢ۣ嶯˫ֻнĻʥԣĶøŨ
ģ֮䣬һͼ󸡳ڰ䣬㣬ơ
ңͬʱͼϣȴϢ֮⣬һϢƣ徿ΪϢȴһĺ嫣ƺһС

һ촫ħ򶶶һѺۡ
̼䣬ⷽԭϣʿԶݡ
ħ򣬳ˡѺۣ
ĵͼô£лڽ֯һϢϢָоǡļڱãǡҹѭ
⡭
ʿ𺳡


2053 ̫
ħ˷ԲʮɵĿռ䣬ħ֮ӿԭޱȿ£һȴǳһѺۣңֵѺͬ֩һٵӣħĸλãʹԭһʿԲɵñɫ
ٱǿ
ȱ̹ǵĺ⣬ħתĸǿħٴ𶯡
ڣɫƱøӶ࣬ħ֮ڣĳûȥ
ħ֮ڣӿħ֮΢˫ۡ
˫֣չΣĶ񶯣⶯һַǳƮݵĸоɡ
ĵͼԽԽһĺϢ֯ơ
Ҳʱ˫ۣƽͶ䣬΢Ϊȭǰһ
һȭûԻʲôֲƣȴʹǿħһ̣һĴ촫ħ򳹵׹ѣֱӱ鿪
ħ򣬱ˣ
ԭϣһʿԾ
ԶͥľŸǿͫ׽һ
ħȻˣôܣ
ţǵļУͬڿɴȱħ
úúã
׻С̫һʱȻ˷ܡ
ΨȱɫüΪѿһ࣬ħȻˡ
ʲô
죬
еħͥһλͥһλУ޵ƿأǳ£ħħеһڼǿĺĴͬдûƿ쾹ȻˣƵħ
⣬ͼƣϢһɺ嫵Ϣ֯ȥޱƮݣٳ
ʲô롣ƽĳȱȥħǣͽУ̫򡣡
Ż䣬Ʈݣһưɣһ̳ȱǰ
ȱһƽֻ֯ӶħƳѹ¡
Ϊ⣬ͼ֯ħѹȴǸѹȥȫ
ȱݣ㡭
Ǳɣٴֳ̧ȭƽĻǰ͸ħƣȱؿڡ
һȭû˿ֲϢڣӱ濴ȥȱû⵽κһ˿ˣȻȱȴǴƵӵŤ
ʹԭһʿԾˣߣȻóʱȱŤӣȫΪҵʹ
ҲʱȱڿѪɡ
ѪˮУЩอƬ
̫ȭ
쿪ڣƽ̫壬źɶȱȥ
̫йıŲϰߵľзǳ׵ĶЧڵʱϰԴ˺ϲ
ϵֻ̫Ƿǳͨ䷨׵ǶϰԴǿ壬ʲôˣȻ̫̺⾳ȴǾ÷ǳĪ⣬ɿ˸գᣬɹɷأҪ壬ǿɿ
񣬱ħڣǵħ̫֮£е޷⣬ǣûз˼ʥȫֹͣǱʶȥ˼ӦԺεȵķƺħ뵽̫Ŀ֮
ʱʿһ뵽ʲôõһ˿УôбǻԴԴϵ뵽̫ĿҪ壬·˵˺ڰеһյƣʥʼǱʶתһķʽʼת
һˮȫµʥתʽɴ˸һɴ˵
ٶȺܿ죬һαǳںɵȱǰ
ûпֲƣƽͶ䣬ƽȭȱؿڡ
ȣ
ȱһⴴûκεĴˣȴǴѪСƬзɳĿġ
鲻䣬̫壬ٴȱɳȥϣ˫붯ʱΪƣʱΪȭ̫ͼƣһһεȱʥϡ
һ߳Ƴȭһ߼̫ƣʥתʽʱƱԽӴ졣
飡
һ죬ֱƣȱţֱӽȱĺɶ
̫ȴǵϵ̫ǽǵ̫⾳ɾͳʱ̫
ȱɣϵĴڿѪ
ŶԷ΢һοסȱһŤ

촫ȱֱӹۡ
ңһεľֱ۶ϣλãһν֮ĴѪвٵอƬѪˮ֮УȥͷƤ顣


2054 ͬҵһ
ȱѪֹǱŤ飬Ǳ

ͺ𣬴žŭһֱۻӳǿħ֮졣
ϵգֱӱǱħ֮
ƽ̫֯ϢԴĺϢһУħ֮ѹȫס
򵥻ȭһȱϣȱһѪɡ
úúãСӣ
Զ׻˷ܵĴС
Ŀƽһ֯ĲӰһγȱǰ
̫壬ϢԽӵһ߲ϵݻһ߳ȱ𹥻ȭ̶
飡
飡
飡
һ촫չΣɰ㣬Ʈݳһδλȱ
ȭƺûдݻȱȴʹȱѪΪʹŤøЩħĻ
ˣ
ȱŭͨʥȣħ֮ǳŵĻɽͻأ緢˰㣬ޱȵĻϵɫħƣøܼϢˡ
һ˲䣬⣬ԲʮڵȫħÿһħƶɢŻϢҲ֪֮ǰħڵħ֮ǿ˶ٱ
ɱ
𣬼Ԧħƣ粽ɱ졣
ӿħ֮ڣһУһС
Ϣһԭϣһʿǲһ
ˣˣ
˴С
һ̣ȱħ̫֮ˣЩͨʿȻ뿪ĺԶʱǸоһвһ㤣Ƿɿĺˣ±ȱʱħ֮մȾҪǾԻ·һ
Ȼǿ׻С̫ʱҲɵöݣʿˡ
ϣȻȻܹоȱʱħ֮жô£ʱħ֮ӿ̫ǿʼһѺۣͬ级в㣬ʱпܻϨ
Զơ

̫ɣȻʥתʽ˲٣ɻǳԶ
ħ֮ɱ䡣
ѹȱԽӵ̫壬ֱӭϡ
תۣȱײһ
䣡
ħ̫֮ײ硣
չΣĴ̫һݱ򷨣һҪ壬϶̫µݺ͸ȱʱħ֮ϵļײ



һħ֮ڣֳ̫ѺԽԽࡣ
תۣһʱȥ
һʱ󣬿һӿħ֮ڣ̫Ȼ䳹ѡ
顭ˣ
⡭
Ȼħǿ
ԭϣһʿʧɫ
Զ׻С̫Զݡ
ͥŸǿ߰Եͷƺ˿
ħΪɱרΪħɣһܵס
һ˵
¡
ԭУӿħ֮κˣƱ鲼ϰ˻ġ
ֻ壬ĺܲǳҼսôã֮ͬУǵһϧ֣ɺһֻаܣȱϵƸˣħ֮˲ٴαǣǿһʽѹ㣬ħ
šħһΪ֮ƺһ̾Ҫѹ
Ƭռ䣬˶û谵١
ħ֮ת۱ѹǰľκˣѹ¡
ȻҲʱ⣬Ѿ̫һԻϢ֯һޱ̫ͼӸӺ嫵Ϣʮ֡
ħ֮ѹݣֱӱסˣѹȥ
ֻ壬ղŵֳ֡ˣңǿˣ
ԭϣһʿ𺳡
׻С̫һĻһ¶ϲɫ
ͥǾŸֶݡ
ô᣿
ڷţ̫Ѻ󣬾һΪΪˣķֶҲʧܣȻȴû뵽ת۶ѣ⣬̫ȻֶңԱ֮ǰӵˣϢӾˡ
ԭУȱȻҲǶݣɫĶ죺㡭
ǿһħǿħʽʱ򣬾Ȼ쵲סˣ
⣬̫ƼϢӺ嫺ԶʹӵƮݣһ顣
ͬҵһ
ȱƽȴżᶨţҲһµϡ
ˣֻһ˷·ʧؼ䣬һ̳ȱǰ˲ƶһ㡣
ȱٴαɫʱȰٶȸסˣٺˡ
Ȼʱٶ̫ˣˣŸˣȭͷǺؿڡ


2055 ȱܣ
䣬ƽһȭȱϣʹȱ

һΣԭ𺳣ǿȱһȭ·˲ҽС
⡭
ǸȱȻȻ
һʿţͥһȱԼһ֮ƣǣǿȻ򵥵һȭ·˲ҽ֮
£˭ţ
ԶͥľŸǿҲǶʧɫǻǵһμȱ˽·ҽе

ԭϲҽвֹһȭȥƽ棬ȴһֿµھᴩȱڣƵϰȭڣɵĺȴԶԶȭǵ似ȣΪһȭȱꡣ

ƽǿգαãһȭȱϡ
һȱٴαУѾûƣȴǴڿѪ
̧֣΢΢һΣɵȱ·Ǳεľס»صԣֱһȭС
ȭͷûͣ£ȭȴȭӰֶ
һʱ䣬˷ȱɳϳнȭͷ
Ȼò˵ȱĺǿʱ̫ӳĿȭ£˳
ֻ壡
ŭͨħƱøܼ˷·ҪɫƸˡ
¡һӿµħ֮֯Ҫʮض
ͬһңɱ
Ӷħ֮ѹ졣
ӵĮӭϡ
̫֯ϢͺϢ̫ͼתֱӽȱѹħ֮
漴һγȭڶԷؿڡ
һΣȭ֮ǰǰ㣬Ǳøʯѹ¡
ۣ
ѪˮɽһΣȱֱӱ䴩ؿڴһǰ͸Ѫ
ѪϣһѺ۸ͬ֩һ㣬ӿȥ
תۣʱȥȱ۵һը
ֻǣȱǳǿޱȣˣȴǲתۼ۳ŭĶ졣
㲻С
ƽ̫壬һ޾Զ˲Ϣȱǰ
ûжĻ͸ĶֻǼһȭ
ۣ
һΰԵȭȱ⶯δǱֱӺ顣

ȱ˻⣬ٴؾ
Ķ죬ħڣħƽ֯ٴѹ졣
ɣӭϡ
̫壬Ͻ֮ƣ̫򹥻ȭƽ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮһδν䣬ȱһһα
תۣǰʱȥȱʮα顣
ɲ𣬲ȴѺ۳ˣ·һѾ˵մɣƺһ̾Ҫ׵
侫˵͹ȡ
ȱˣ
ԭϣʮʿ𺳣̲ס
ʱЩ˶ܿóȱѾûк쿹ˡ
ܾѶ
ǿʵʱ߸С̨׵ΪȴȻȱ
˽͡
ǿȱͥһӣΪʥ۷壬ƿش˵еħһΪ߳߸С̨ףȴǱʥڶصˡ
һʱ䣬ʶֻĿ£ǿǿѪ鴫
úúãСӣɵƯ
׻С̫һĻȱܾѶȻǼ˷ܡ
ԶͥŸǿ𺳣н¶â
䣡
ԭУʥȱԼܣһĹ죬ħ֮
Ȼȴͽ̫ͣ壬ħ֮ѹȥá
飡
һΣȭݺݵĽȱɣʹȱըѪա

ȱ˻겻࣬Źâɿؾ
ˡ
Ҳʱ𣬴˿˿Įһǿ絽ȱǰ
⣬̫𶯣ٴλȭȭͼ֣Ӻ嫺͸ͣһȭѹȱʹò񷶼Ϊֱ֮ӽȱܵĿռס
Ϣһ̽֯˳ԭһʿһ
һȭ̫ǿ̫£
ﬣ
ͻȻŵնÿһޱȣֱüģٶȿЩˡ
ԶͥŸˣһ̾ŵâ֮Ǿŵͬͬʱѹ
ֻ壬㲻ǿ󣡡һ˿ڣĮϧͥҪĶòֻرԴ㣬ͥС


2056 ǲ
ŵâնѹ䣬ͥŸǿ߿ԭУ֯ŵľǼΪǿᣬǾſڻ¯һ㣬֮͵졣
⡭
ͥĵڶӵʮӣȻҲ
Ҫһ𹥻ֻ壿
ԭϣһʿǶݡ
Զ׻С̫ҲɫߣȴûжΪΪֻʥ˲ΣʱҲܰʲôʱȥΪĳȥˣǻȥ鷳Ϊۡ
ңǰǺ콻̸һͲµֻͥȱһطһǿߣԣʱȻһĻǳߣȴһҲ⡣
ԭģӭž˼ĽâѹȱĹʱֹסʮԶܿ˵Ĺ
ҲͥһȺ
žˣƽ
ͥŸһĻƽȴ˷̡
ֻ壬ˡ
һ
ͥһǰʮǼǿ˵ҲһǿʮˣȴǷǸоΪ
ţֻǳһʵˡ쿪ڣɺƽɨ۱ͥŸµȱһһȻΪ߳Һܶ࣬ȴҲɲҵĶ֣ûģҪʮһϡʮ˾һϣһֻ߹һֻܲҰܡ
˵ţٴζˣʮȥ
̫⣬ؼ䣬˴һֳȻʡ
ͥŸӽǸ䣬и˵ʥ֯ˡ
û˸ҵ˵
һ˱
󣬾ֱӶˣʥӿǾ̫޳ӭϡ
ȱɫѿͨƽ֯޸壬žһɱϡԼ״һһĶֻ֣ܺսˣΪǷ֮Ŀѹأ
䣡
ʮ붯ʮʥ֯ԭһΪ֮ҵĻζ
طʱһƺһж̮
⣬桭һ𹥻ֻˣ
ԭϣһʿǲɵ΢
ͥǿʮӣΪԴʥ۷壬Ȼһˡ
ǵϢǿ
ʿһ㤣оȥͥĵڶӵʮӣϢȵһȱ٣ֻһ˿ѡ



һԭϣΪͥʮӵϢϵıѡ
ʮ˺ɱˣʮͬķ򹥻죬ʮռȫסκһ˿ܵĿռ䡣
ӵĮʮ˸ԷǷףˣǣʱӭʮһ𹥻ıȴû˿仯
ǲС
̫壬ʮ˺ͨȫһ翣һαǳͥϣһȭ¡
ͥӶݣٶͫһٵĳˡ
ֻǣٶȺܿ죬ȭҲܿ죬һȭѹ£ȴƺͻ˿ռư㣬ת۱ͥϡ
飡
һƺߣֱͥӺɳȥԶʺѪˮϡ
ıǳƽܼ򵥣ȴͬǲŵƶһۼԭʧͥԡ
ûκθӵĶ˦һƣʥ⣬ڶԷϡ
ž
ͥӺɣݻѪˮƮУĿġ
һĻʹԭһʿǲɵһ£ͥʮһ𹥻ת֮䣬ȻɨˣеĵӸǱһ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ȱ߸ͥӸɫúѿ
ȫҪ
ͥڶӳ
ֻǣĻŸ£Ӱǳϡ
㡭
飡
ȭֱӣͥڶӵţԷա
漴̫壬ٶȽøӿ죬Ⱥ߸ͥǰ򵥵ȭƻӶ͸һȭ
ʹԭһʿǺݺһ£ɵ֫
ͥʮһϣȻתۼȫɨɣ
£̫ˣ
Ȼǰ׻С̫Ծɴۡ
Сӣ̫ôͣȻʮ˵ĺ׾͸߽ˣ
׻𺳡
оͥʮӵĿ£ʮһ𹥷죬֮ǰߣȴ룬ǿʮˣȻת۾ͱԸһػȫɨˡ


2057 Ĩɱ
ԭϣͥʮӱתۼȫɨɣס˻ԭһʿ
ȱΪףͥǿʮסΣ죬ɫࡣ
ţǿǶˣȴΪܹһ֮סʮˣ֣սԽܣǾȻת۾Ͷˣ
ġǲСĸ֣Ǹо衣
ͥһǿʮˣ˵ǿʮ𣬿ȴһΪǵ߸С̨׵˳ǲУ
ȫ
ȱҧ
ʮʱվһ𣬸Խʥ߶ޣƿħȱΪף񱩵ʥʮռọ̈̄ԵĲʱŨ㡣

ͥڶӺʮ˺һζˣʮͷ׳ѹ
һʱ䣬·һ̾Ҫ̮
գӭʮȫѹ̫壬ʱȴҲѹһвʮȫĺܿ¡
ֻǣϵıȴûκα仯ɵĮΨӸЩ
κβң
Ȼʮ˵ȫϻвȴޱš
̫壬ȭϣ̻Ӷ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵ棬ղΪ֮·һ̾Ҫ̮飬ܺˡ
תۼ䣬ʮȥ
һʮ˵ȫȻ̫壬ȴҲǱĺɣѪˮ
ɳȥͬʱȭͷȴҲеͥϣȭƿȥʵϵȴǿ·ǳԷĺɣѪը

۳죬ɫ࣬еɱ⺮Ũ
סΣ̫ʥǵѪת۱ɡ

ƽĮӭʮˣϡ
̫̫ͼϢĺϢʹĲ÷ǳ翣һȭӳȭӰͬʱͥʮӡ
ͥʮӣȱΪףʮ˽ȫչͬ
תۼ䣬ԭлĺԴأһĻϢӿȥ
컷̫ͬʱӭսʮˣ̫ȭͬʱ콣ӡҲʩչһ𹥷ͬʱ̫
һʱ䣬ԭУʮһӰײ
ҵĽ棬ղϱѡ
ѪˮһϽͥʮӵѪҲѪ
תۣȽҹ
ҹĽ棬컹ȱʮˣѾĵĺأɫǱ΢Щ԰ʥҲʱ΢˺ܶࡣ
Ҳʱͥϣһνֻͼ

Į̫壬ֻͼѹ¡
תֻۣͼѹͥʥԣֱϡ
۵һͥըΨǿǱĺˡ
˵ˣ
мӻһѹ¡
ͥǸоĵеĻĿ£̲ס󺰣ס֣
ֻǣô֣ͣѹٶȸ죬ֱڶԷ֮ϡ

Ӳʺ;ĺͥӿдһֱ̣ӹѣڻ
ʱԭϣʿ̲סһ¡
սգһսʮһ̣콫ͥʮеĵĨɱ
úúãСӣɵƯ
׻˷ܵؽе
ѽ
С̫ջСצӣٲȻ컶
ȱ˵ɫǱޱѿʮһΧ죬ȴɱһˡ
˵ˣǲС
쿪ڣĮ
ȱˣٴζˣ̫壬ֻͼٴμѹ¡
̫˵еֻͼԹ
ȱʥԽ֯ӭ죬һɱϣǿ
ֻ壬⣬Ų˶ãᱻɱôˣ֣㱻ѹһ˾ǿʥҲޣסˣ
ͥڶӺʥ磬嫺ӿƺƵѹ졣
ˣֻһȫ𣡡
ĮӦ̫壬ֻͼ𶯣ɱ֮һ̳ͥڶǰ
ͥڶӶݣٶ̫죬ֻͼϢ̫ǿʱ򲻸ҵֵٵĺܡ
ˣ
쿪ڣĮ̫壬ٶͻȻ˲¶Է·ֻͼѹ¡
ңʱֻͼñȷŸӵǿᣬϢޱˡ
ӭµֻͼѹͥڶӶʱ¶㤣㡭
ۣ
ѪˮŽǿֻͼ֮£ͥڶըҲһ


2058 ޵֮
ͥڶӣҲҲ
⣬ս棬ǡ
֮ͥͥڶҲնɱʹԭϵһʿǲĽһĿݡ
ʮͥӣʣȱȰˣʱɫǱøѿ߬ȭתۼ䣬֮һ˱ɱ
ͣʲôǲǴͬǿʮڣˣ
̫壬ȱȰˣһȥ
̬ʹȱȰ˸ͥӸɫһ
ֻ壬̫ˣ
ͥӵ
ţ첻мȵͥʮͨ켶ұԴųͥǿʮҲһ֣ȡǵĶң˭ţ
ͥߣֻرԴ㣬˽Կɶᣬͥȡ֮
ҵԴȻң˽Կɶ᣿
ЦԵú顣
һ̣ٶȱǣֻ˲Ϣǳͥӵǰ
ͥӱɫٺˡ
ֻǣٶ̫ˣ䣬ֻͼٴγңҲһתһɫ罻ֻ̫֯ͼʮֱѹͥӡ
͵ϵĴʮյһʱܣ֮ӿȡ
ӭֲĻͥӶʱ¶㤣еס
ۣ
ֻͼ̫򹥻ǿƥͥӽĻֱӽԷѹķ飬ͬҲһС
ȹɱٶ̫ˣֻɲǼɣʹȱ߸ûüԮһʱ䣬ʣµȱ߸ͥӣޱȾŭ
ֻ壡
ȱ߬ȭͷ˫Ŀɱ⡣
ӱ䣬նͥӣȱϣͥŰ裬ȻһȴȫǷ
ˣ
ֻͼͷתɫ׵罻֯⣬̫ϣһ̣ϢȻѾ˲٣˵ĸоȴ飬ѹһС
ȱˣֻͼͺɫ׵罫ȫС
ɱ
ȱȺħڣһһħӶĳѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ͥǳִ֮֯ȱϣϹ졣
䣡
䣡
䣡
˼սĻ֮⡣
ʱʥѾʣˣͬʱӭսȱˣѹ޴󣬲ıȴʼûб仯ֻ̫ͼǿͣûһ˿һ·
תۣʱʱȥ
ʱһ̣ץסһݵĿ϶̫壬Ӳƴųȱ˿͵һֻͼֱѹͥӵϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽͥδܳһֱӱǱɱ
ʣˡ
Ѫ̫Ĺâ鵭˲٣ȴǺĮ
㡭
ȱɫѿ˫ȭ
ͥʮӣڣС
һӰֱӹȥ
ˣ
̫壬ֻͼٴγһڵ磬ȱȫס֮޲𹥻
ȱȫӭս񹥻ֲͬĴһһʩչϢˡ
ʮռ䣬һƬƬ̮
飡
һ죬챻ͬʱУ̫δ飬ǿȴǸ̫򴫵˽ȥѪ
ıȴĮͬһʱ䣬һȭͥüġ
ۣ
ͥͷ­ըʶһ
Ķûͣ£ֽӡһƺɫ׵罫֮ƣƣһ񵶣նͥӡ
̫С
䵭Ƶͥϡ
һ˲䣬Ե֮Լ嫵ֱ̫ͥӱһΪȻըΪ֮𣬱ԴҲ֮
һĻĻʹԭһʿֹסķͷƤ顣
ͥʮӣֻֻʣֻʣˡ
˲ϺнԴڵľ㤣ǡ޵֮ˣ
һߣ׻С̫ǼЩ˷ܡ
湻̬
׻߬צӡ
ͥʮӣʥ۷壬ͬǿʮˣȻսʮˣսʱ䣬նˣս£ˣ
ͥʮӣڣʣȱڰӣھӺ͵ʮӣʥƣǱʱ࣬ɫѿ˼㣬죬һ̽˼ɵ
ˣ
ȱҧ˶٣ô֣ԭһʿŵУͬʱˣĵ⣬ԭ֮ȥ


2059 ȫ
⡭
ӡˣ
ԭϣһʿԶݣ󾪣ͥһȱڰӡھӺ͵ʮӣʱȻˣ£ֱЩ˲š
ԣս˲ʮһΧȴȻܣǶˣ
׻
ȱԣɫѿȴûͣɶݡ
˶ǰʲô״ǵҲѹˣȥȫᱻնʱѡ
Ӳˣ
쿴˶ߣĮȾѪһֱ׷ȥ
̫壬翣ٶȺܿ죬ת۱ǽ
ˣ
ûжĻͶֱӻȭͬʱˡ
һΣȭ쳣Ե·һʯѹš
ȱפ㣬ò֣ȫ⡣
תۼ䣬ٴսһ
¡¡ģⷽգϵıѡ
һۣʮȥкɫ׵绷ƣٴλӶ̫Уֱͥڰӵͷ­ϣ۵һķ飬Ҳһ
ʣˣһҲ߲ˡ
ȱھӺ͵ʮӣƽĮһϡ
ȱھӺ͵ʮӣɫࡣ
ƴˣ
ھҧ
ɱ
ʮֱӱ
˸Լھ˵Ĵͨһѹȥ˫Ŀнɱâŭ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ȱҲǶˣħ߶£ħ֮ڡ
첻ܣӭϣ̫壬ɫ׵һһƵѹ䣬ÿһƶǼӷǳԵ·ܹһжݻٵ
ۣ
̫壬֮˺ѿھӵķĻƺɫâȭͷֱӹᴩԷ壬󣬴Ļһʱ۶Է֡

ҽдһ֮£ھֱ
Ҳʱȱ͵ʮӵĹɱ֮ϣȻ̫壬ȴҲǱĺɣӿѪ̫ĹâһʱЩ
ֻǣıûκα仯ת۱סΣֱӳ˿ȥ
ˣ
ֻͼѸײڶ֮ƣͥʮС
ʥͺϢӲͬŵʮѹȥʹõʮӵ¶㤣𣬼ֶΣͼֻͼſ
ֻǣȴûʲôá

һӾͲʵĲҽУʮӱֱ
һʱ䣬ԭϣͥʮӣֻʣȱһˡ
ˡ
Ѫ̫ʱˣһŶԷȥ
ȱɫѿ˼㣬ͬʱдž㤣һһ̲סˡ
һ̣ˣһ⳯Զȥһѡ˶롣
ಣ
ƿصת۶ѣȥԶ
յļսĸ߰η壬ıսŵˣȻƿħס졣
ͥͬǿʮˣһֹɱ죬ȴȻն˾ˣ
죬ʱӰ
˵ˣĽ֣
Įһǽȱ¡
ֻͼһμ֮ĳȱѹ¡
ȱ𣬽ħޣħ֮ӿ졣
Ȼֻ̫̫ͼħ֮ʱЧˣֱӱǱ
һֻ̣ͼƿ֮£ֱѹȱϡ

ѪˮŲҽдһΣȱûеסֻͼֱӱ飬ңѾ£Ҳδܱһֻͼ
һʱ䣬ԭֱӱһƬš
ͥǿʮӣȫȫˡ
ԭϣһʿǲɵ÷
ͥһʮӣԼǴǿʮ𣬵ʮ˺죬ȴǱȫնˡ
ֻ壬ؼǿʣ⡭鴫򣬼ֱǡ
˿죬ֹס˸
ʥڶصΪ߸С̨ףһ˻ɱʮʥ۷ĳǺεȵսˣ
СӣϬ
׻
ԱߣС̫ȻҲЩ˷ܡ
ϣ̫ʱζֱӱ顣
ѪϢʱȻǷǳ˥Ͼȱʮ˶ܿ£ӭսʮˣȻɱȫԼҲ˺صˣ񣬾ǽ˥䵽˵͹ȡ
̫ľת̫ʼϢ޸塣
һս̫򣬲ֻ̫һͨѣҪĺĹžĹžԺʩչĻʥתʽҲƽռϢʱʥתʽͼ򵥵ͨǲһġ
ԣڵϢ˵ʱֻ̫ľ̫
̫ľ̫ת⣬âѪɫ⻷ƣ忪ʼĻָһƵĿʼǿ
䣡
ͻȻԶ˵ʥѹֱӱƬ
ԭϵʮʿУ˶ˣĮʱֱӳ졣


2060 ǧΧ
ž˵ʥһӰԭʮʿгֱӱ졣
һ˲䣬ԭϣһʿԶݡ
⡭
һ
ˣһϮ£ͥʮӣҲǲ˶١
Ȼһǿ
Ǻǡڵʥӣ
ʿϳˡ
ʥӳ˲䣬ԭϣʮʿУһһӰ𣬽ǻƾ˵ʥѹӸͬķ˹ȥ
ǣŵʥӣ
ŵ
̵̩ʥŮ
һ̣ʿ̫ˣǧ࣬ǿԭϣʿϵá
ЩʿȻҲ֪ǧʱΪʲô
ٲȻ֮ʣȡֻرԴ
䣡
ǧ֮һӿ׹죬٣ٶȴǿľˣһαԽȶǧ𣬳嵽ǰѹ졣
ӡ
ʿ󺧡壬ѪѪ֮壬٣磬֮ͥǿĴ壬ʮͨ켶ǿ
ǰǳһţѹͬˣѪ֮˲ɽʮɷΧڵһȫն䣬ͬ˿Ա⣬ʱȻͥͬﶼ˿֮һսһ
һ徹ҲˣһǱҲҪֻرԴ
ʿ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһӰһ⣬ȫȥ
תۼ䣬ǧӰ֣⽻֯ŵľޱǿᡣ
ΪԴʥͷ
Щյģ
׻дŭ⣬һĻȴǲ⣬Ͳµսʤȱ˺󣬻һĻ
ϣʱǳת̫ľ̫
ʱ״̬һս֮£ͨʥֵס
Ȼӭʥͷȴû˿֮ɫ
෴¶һĨЦ
ЦЩ䡣
ȱ飬ȻǱȥһ𿴵ˣǰӲɵüͷһһЩҲ΢ЦúܹŹ֡
ֻǣЩ˿ȾѪоľʱǳȴʲôˣԸٶȳȥ
ˣ˥͹ȣǶȡֻرԴʱˣ֮ϣλҪٶȡֻرԴѶȽ޴
ͨȱ˵һսЩᵽֻжô£Ҳֻ֪رԴļֵжྪˣ񣬶ֻرԴĿӵľҡ
漴ֻת۶ѣһǳ嵽ԭУԲԶ
ҲʱϵЦøŨӵ⣬ҲȷҪŨЩ
ǻǻ
Цվϣ̫ľתˡ
ͬʱ΢һһ԰׾Ϊֶ̨ÿһ̨ϽԽ֯ƣڸɲֱ鿪ӡϵ˲ϢӡԭϵϣΪĵİɷΧȫС
̼䣬ԲɷΧĿռڣһɻԵľɱϢֱ֣Ƶɱÿһгֱ۰֣·һٹ⡣



첻ϣһ˲䣬̵ֽͬһ㣬ֱӱƬ
ӭͻһĻǧ𵱼ֹȫɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ԭϣʮʿҲɫ䡣
ϣȻôɱ̨⣬⡭
ʮʿԲΪͻȻôɱ̨ΪЩɱ̨ӡϵɱ̫ˣ·ܽʥ𶼸
һ̣ЩɱȻֻΪĵķԲڵλãǵɱȴʮʿԾ㤣˲ϵĺˣСȶǶɵô
һλã׻С̫һ𣬶һĻû˿⡣
һȺĶ
׻ɷΧڵǧЦ
¡
ԭУɱһӡϣʮռڵܣɵ֮ϣȫɱ֮⣬ÿһޱȣһС
Ϣ
ӭȻϢǧɫÿȫˡ
Ȼһξȴֶݣɱ֯˿µĽ磬Χ˲ˡ
ǳҪԴڣҾվʲô
쿪ڣЦ
΢֯ɱֱӶˣ޾ɱΪ֮ڣһɱ֮޲𹥻ͬʱɱˡ


תۣҽ飬Ҳһ٣˲Ϣ


2061 
ɱ⽻֯һת۱飬
һĻʹԭϵһʿ̲סˡ
¡
𣬵رʱԭ֯ɱâ̫ˣһɱǿһ㡣
ǧ˵ɫǱˣһЩ˵ɱ⣬һ߳Χɱ磬ҪƿȽ磬ɱΧڳȥ
ǵƲ
ƽ
ԭӭսȱ֮ǰǾ뵽ˣضԴҲᵽ֣ԣǰȻ׼Դ׻ʮȡ׾Ϊʮ̫ɱ̨
̫ɱΪһʥɱͬɳƵİ׾㣬Ҳ׻ʮѰʥΪһǺף֮ǰʱ߳ɣڰ׾Ͽʮɱ
ʱϣ̫ľ̫ɿתͬʱȡſԿƵı£һʹþһٶȻָ
վԭأʮ̫ɱֲɱ⡣
ʮ̫ɱȻֻ̫ɱ߳ɶѣǣ̫ɱΪʥ𼶵ɱʮһȴ㹻ԸЩͨˡ
¡
ԭУղϵռ䲻ϵı顣
̫ɱ޲Ľǧ֣ÿһɱⶼǿʢˣʹһɱ

תۣҽһʮ̫ɱֱ֣
һɫǺѿû뵽쾹Ȼ׼ֶΣʱһȫʩΪĻе̫ɱ⡣
Ȼʮʥ𼶵̫ɱֻ˷ԲɵķΧ£ÿһռÿһ䣬֯ŵɱⶼǷǳҿ£ȫܿ
ת۶ѣȺ飬Ҳһ޾ɱ
һ𣬸Ǳ
֪ǻᶯ֣׼ôɱǣɣúݶģ
ŭ
쿴ˣϴŲм
ˣ˵ĿľΪֻرԴҪɱֻرԴ֮ʮɱѹסȴȻȻɺͺݶ
˵Ķ
֣ƿʮ̫ɱ̫ɱ⳯ѹ䡣
𵱼¶֣ȫ⣬ȻȴǸס

Ĳҽը鿪Ҳһ
죬֮ŴУʵﵽ˿Ըǵĳ̶ȣҽһŰݷãһһ𡣡
ƽ
⻰һǧǰǶݡ
㡭ſ񣡡
ŭʮɱѹƣȻҪɱȫ󣬸ҪҲٵ
ɨˣſ񣿱ȲǣĿŵȡҵԴ
Ż䣬֣̫ɱ£֡

ҽд˿̣ڵһ˲ը鿪Ҳһʧ
һϣѹʩЩɱȻʧЧ

ɱ
һЩ¶ɫһ̣˳ȥ
뷨ܺã档
Ц
ʱ򣬽̫ľ̫˱ʥѾָɣһתƿʮɱ󣬼ˡ
¡һط񷶼ƺҪ̮治סѣ޾̫ɱĳųİѹ䣬һɱ˳

ҽУ̼һƬ
ƥ̫ɱ£ת۱жʮһЩը飬Ǳһ˲ɱ鳱ȫ³
⣬⡭
ԭϣɱ֮⣬һʿ̲ס
Ŷãֻת۶ѣʮŸǱɱ
ɱƯ
׻˷ܵغ
Щ죬ɱֻرԴʱʮɱ֣ʮת۱ɱ÷ǳʹ죬оǳĽ
䣡
ԭУɱƵֹסķӿղϱ飬̮
ɱڻԭн֯ǳˣϢŨЩ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫסը죬ѹɱİһһɱ飬ҲԱס̶ʮȫĨɱ
ʹԭϣһʿ̲ס
Ŷã𣬾ţ
ǵգ⡭
˲


2062 
ܼɱԭĽ֯ת۰ǰ䣬סˡ
ԭУʮ̫ɱϣеɱһ㡣
ҵıԴøۡ
ƽ
¡
ʮ̫ɱһɱ⳯ܺԵޱˡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫըһ̣ǿôʥɱ֮£ԵǱһһ̫ɱ飬ط׵ŵ
ֻ壬úݣ
˻𣬴žŭһ̱Ǳϰٵ̫ɱûֱ
һǿķĻѵɱ⡣
ϣĮĿЩˣ̫ľ̫ɿתһʥϻָ
ͬʱɢһ־ƿʮ̫ɱһศʹʮɱøǿ
¡¡ģµɱ⽻֯ɷΧڵĿռȫΪɱĺ󣬿졣


ſ־;ĲҽһĴ˷ɱΧʮʿɵõͷƤ顣
⣬⡭
ֻ壬ġҪһսǧǰȫ
ʿɵ÷
ɱɾЩѰ·
׻Ц
Щˣһɱȡֻ屾ԴȻܲ
ѽ
С̫ŻԭĻӶצӣڸеЩ㣬ЩҲܲ
ҽԭвϻصѪϵըĿޡ
ɱУЩû˿飬ƿɱˡ
ת̫ľ̫𽥻ָʥ࣬ƿصʮ̫ɱǱø£ʹеһԽԽҡ

ڳϵĲҽУת۱չȥʥȫָʮ̫ɱø£ǧ𱻻룬ֻʣ˾Űٶˡ
һ룬һ𣬾ͣô
ɱ⣬һʿ
ɱ֮УŵľŰٶʵнǷǳǿᣬʮɱ֧ŵڣȴҲǿҪˣÿһ˶ǻȾѪ
䵭ĿЩʮɱ֯Բ֮ڣһɱϣеƿɱȨ㡣

Įһתһּ䣬ʮ̫ɱ𶯣øӿ¡
ƥɱⷭӿڣƺƵѹлŵһ
գƬ̮رסı顣
·ĩյĻ档

ͻȻһޱȴ̶ԭΪ֮
󣬿Ĵ̶ϻصԭ𶯵ĸʮ̫ɱֵķΧΪģ濪ʼһ˵Ĵѷ죬ҷɿĳݡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵Ĵصŵѿ̮ͳݣһ˵Ĺͻأԭص³ÿһǿĺˣ·ܽ׼ǿ߶׵Ĺᴩ
͵һ첼µʮ̫ɱֱȹ±롣
ͬʱĹӵص׳𣬷·ԭ֮һͨ켶ǿڳ֡
ǣ
ԭϣʮʿǱɫ
һĻ̫ͻȻص£ȻͻȻôһ˵Ŀ¹
ͬһʱ䣬ʮ̫ɱֵİɷΧڣһȻҲڵһʱ䶼ɫ
棬ж
춯ݣʱ֯һӰԵص׳Ĺ
ЩԵص³Ĺ̺ϢɱϢȴǷǳ£ʹǿов

ĲҽһǳǿһԵص׳ĹУ˲Ǳ飬Ϊҽ
ʹͫ׶ɵһֻǱǵȹУһǿͻΪҽֱӡµʮ̫ɱֲ˰ٱֹ
䣡
ԭʱ򲻶̮ĹÿһˮͰ֣ÿһǷǳĿֲʹʮ̫ɱתۼǱȫ顣
ԭ̫ɱŵһһ̼Ⱦϲڻԭ¾ȻôµĹϲŪʮɱʱȫɢǲʮɱв
Ȼʱǲʮ̫ɱвˣԵص׳һȴǸ£һǷɿ˿Ĵ⡣
ʥѾǳ׻ָٶȺܿ죬ת۱˳Զ뿪ԭĴǧɾ롣
վĴȥĺ˹ԭ治̮ݣһƬƬɳ
Żԭ̮һ޴ѷ죬ˣص֮£ȻһƬ޴ռ䣡


2063 ˵
ŵصף첻ɵöݣ·֯ɵȻʣȴǿһƬƬİСɽȺص֮£ȻһƬ޴Ŀռ䡣
صһԵص׳𣬻ԭĵرϵ̮
ԭУŵľŰٶ𣬸ܣ롣
ʵʱ򣬻ԭеĵصЩ̫ˡ
һʱ䣬ವƿŰٶת۱ȫ˻ԭС
Ҳʱ򣬵ص֮²ǵȺ˹𣬻ԭ̮
һ̳ƮڿУԭ¶һֱɵĿ󶴣ֱͨصףʱ·Щɽøʿܿ
桭Ȼɽ
ʿԾ
Ҳʱص֮£ɵ֮УһѪâ֣⣬һɷǳʥܡ
һʱ䣬ʿǶݡ
áǿ
ǣѵǡ
ഫﲢһƬԭɽ֯һͷڴ˵ʥ޾ƺͨ쾳ͻƣһЩĻ֮ɱ֮ʶȡʹ﷢һս󶼱ı䣬棬ѵǵƬսѪâʥܣѵ͵ͷйأ
ʿֱĿ·
ҲǶݣص֮ǰֵĨѪâȻˣоǵȵʥܣͬʱҲ֪ط˵һʱ䣬Ӳɵ΢˺ʿһ뷨ĺ͵ɱͷй
ವƿ𣬰׻С̫ʱ˹Աߡ
ѪâرСӣ۸Ͻȥȡ
׻˫۷Ź⡣
쵷׻ڵȴʱٹżҲ֪ط¡
ȿƺкŨóȻȥᱻǵʴ

ۣδ򿪹ɵ˵ۣĿͨҲǷǳˣܿණʱȻûиоصкŨȴԼ俴кɫ·һ㡣
ļʶȻ֪˫Ŀ·ǵȺɫ
ԭϣʮʿڿŵص֮£дźĹ⡣
ģղǵѪ⣬Ժ͵ͷйأԣͷʺЩȡˣطѪ⣬ͷµʵĵһڳĵر
ʿ߬˫ȭ
󣬼һ˲䣬ƿ𣬻ԭֱʿŵص֮³ȥ
漴ವƿϣһһӰŵص֮³ȥת۱ǧ˳صףȻڴɢѪâʥܵĶ⡣
һ̣Щ˳ص׵һ˲䣬̼䣬ص֮´𶯣ɫͬɽ緢һ𣬼˵ϢһС

ҽڵǧʿʼǿʥ˼ǵȳĺɫû󣬽תۼǻΪһ̯ŧѪ
һʱ䣬ԭϣʮʿһĻֹסһ
ңȻôŨ
׻ͫһ
ţᵽصпܵû뵽ȻУֲȳ̶ȵ²⣬һ۷ʥ𣬶пֱܱӸڵ
꣬ͷطǰȡٶ켶Ҳ٣ôƾõ£ôŨϢ
ԽǿĴڣ֮֯ϢǻԽŨԽ¡
ǣ²ȥˣ
׻̫£о̫Ҳֵס
ǵڡЩԭǻڵصף˴룬ͻʹ·߳ЩȻܿ£Ͼ޵ģȸգͻúܵʱ򣬾ǴʿȥҲӰ졣
䣡
ԭ£ϳ˷ǳʴ͵죬ҲûһʿҿԭС
Եص׳طĲ񷶼ȾһƬɫ
ˣһۼ䣬ȥ
󣬻ԭص£ȫûκвС
ˣȥˣ
ʿ̲סеֱдƬʿŵص³ȥ
תۣʿصס
Ƶͷʵʻĵ·Ȼ켶ǿҲᶯݣЩʿȻԵֵסǵȵջһõʵڶʱڴ
СӣҲȥӦûˣ
׻߬צӡ
ͷʱ򣬵صµǵȿֲѾɢĲ࣬ȷʵκв
ߡ
к׻С̫һαǳŵص֮³ȥתûصס
֮󣬴ԼʮͰ׻ԼС̫䵽ص磬˵صĵرϡ
ǣ
̤Ƭص׿ռ䣬ĿصĻ棬쵱ݡ


2064 ޳ϵ
ӿӵص׳ԣصڣӦһƬ߲ŶԣǣŰ׻С̫̤ص磬ȴǷ֣صڣɽһһÿһɽ϶ű̵ֲ꣬ȻûбƮڿеʴ
ǡìܡ
׻ۡ
Ϣŵĵص磬ȴɽɫֲ̫꣬Ź֡
˵Ȼôܼɫֲ꣬߱ǣص׵Щôǰûбǰʿ룬ͻȻ𣿡

룬ӦúµƬʱռ࣬Щ߱Ϣֲ꣬һʼʹƬռ䣬ƬռںڵĹУȻЩֲӦңЩֲɢϢԶԶûǿʿŨԣǵĴڲûʹƬռڵ
òЩ
׻룬ͷ
ʱವƿһһʿص硣
쿴ص׿ռк׻С̫ȥ
֮ǰԼѪֵλãϾǸ
ҲʱǿʥܺƵԵص֮ϴʹһ޽Բɵöݡ
ף׼ǿˣ
׻΢
Ӧ֮ǰ̫ңȵʥҲܾˣʹøһЩ׼ǿ߸Ӧˣʱϵ

˲䣬ŵӰصףǼźŨѹ
̤صףûܣĿֻƬص󣬻ŵ⣬ֱӳȥֻһ۱ǿԶʧһ޵ҰС
⣬׼ǿˣûˣ
׻ü
ǽص磬ΪǴ˵е˵׼ǿ֣߳ȼĴڣҲⲻˣһǴ˵е˵ǽûȥᡣ
üҲ˵׼ΪǿþѰ˵ȡ
˶٣û뿪к׻С̫ȥ
ȻȻ͵óһѰ˵˵Ѱ
Ǽ׼ǿǷᶯֶıԴģϾƹѾΪͥһﶼҶͨ׸ûǵ
Ͱ׻С̫ȥܿ߳Զ

ͻȻʱһ
춯ݣֹȥһ۵ЦǺǵĿ
ǣ
üͬʱЩ䱸
ΪǴʥڶ죬Ƿǳǿ󣬾һʥ𼶵ǿ߿ҲڵһʱӦǣϵʿȴȫûиӦ
Աߣ׻С̫ҲǶݣʱ¶ɫ;裬㣬ȫûиӦϵʿʲôʱ򿿽ġ
ϵʿһЦǺǵı飬˫ֺʮСѲؽţƶ޶⣬ֻǾãƶСѼΪԵСƶ꽻Σ
꽻
һ㶡
ϵʿ˫ֺʮЦСѶ꽻飬ܽܣ
ҡͷǵǣֻǣƺǵһμѡ
ϻҲ꽻ˣȻǲܽܣϵǵһμһμԷȻͳҪʲô꽻ЩĪ
ȻǲܽܣǱܽܣˣƶ͵СѴӦˡϵʿ˫ֺʮ΢һ񣬶৵ľͿԣ˫۶ˣֵܣϵˣ꽻ǰϵһֻرԴ£
졢׻С̫ԣʱˡ
⣬ͷ
׻Զۡ
һ˲̲סĥ
ϼһһЦǺǵҪ꽻ԹΪͬˣȻֱӽкֵܣҾҪһֻرԴһʼʹֻرԴ⣡

ʱϵʿȻڴֻرԴ⣬ȴû¶ɱ⣬ΪԷͬЩʿǰ㣬ҪȡֻرԴֻһЩѣңܸоĳԷû˿⡣
ֻǾãϼһʵ̫ȱ̫޳ˣϻ컹Ҫȱ޳ܡ
ڶԷֻ֪壬һҲ⣬ټ磬нﲻֻ֪ˣ»Ҳ
£к׻Сֱ̫ص׿ռȥ
߰Сѣûãǻʽϵʿ׷죬ƶóС࣬ܿһѣƶǡ֪֮⻯֮ټ꣬һֻرԴɺã
ˣĴȥ
Ϊƿ֮Ŷ㲻ĵΣϼһȻó㣬һ㵽һѣûס߷ϻ


2065 Ź
ѽͷĴȥ
С̫ѧĻ͡
׻ۣʱû˵ʲôȴһ뷨Ϊƿ֮Ŷ㲻ĵΣϵȻҳ㵽֮һѣ֪ƽֱ֮ȱµĽ
ûƿ֮ΪŶ˵ϵʿĻ
Ƚ졣
ϵʿ̤ǰһվԱߵ
죺@#
ϲðϼһֱ̫޳ˣ̫Ҫˣûް
Աߣ׻С̫̲סۡ
ͷ
׻̲סĴָû޲Ҫˣǵһμ
ϵʿЦǺǵĻӦֿ죬ĳĵСѰÿ˶ϵó㣬һ鷳вް
а

漴ֱôϵˣֱк׻С̫ռȥ
Сѣ㣬һһߡϵʿȥСѰĲƶ飿㿴ϵ㱾ԴҲûʲô󰭣ȻԻȡ̫ƽ˳׬

ֻôһ֡
󣬾ϵʿԱ߲ϵ߶Ҳ
ܿ죬Ű׻С̫߳ԶϵʿͬţƤҩǡ
䣡
ǰƬص׿ռ𶯡
ȥƬص׿ռһɫ˳ͬ˽ص׿ռʱǰ㣬ǳˣһаɸߵӰ鲼Ϣվͨ彻֯
һʱ䣬һ˶ǲɵöݣͷɸߵӰȻǻŵ飬飬ӵϢ̫ˣԼ侹Ȼ켶ѹơ
⡭ѵǵƬռڵ켶ǿ߻ɣ
׻ۡ
ҲԾͫһ
ͷ飬̫£޷У׼ǿߣҲܵס
໣
ɸߵ𳤿գϵϢ񱩵ĻӶ˫ۡ
ͬʱǹϢڣоŵӰڷɿˣԵúǱ
֮ǰƬص׿ռǾŸ׼ǿߣͷ顣
΢
µ˲䣬ҽУŸ׼ǿУһֱӱץסһڽҧ븹УͬҲһȥ
áײУ
׻¡
Ȼǿ죬Ҳǲɵøо΢¡
һ׼ǿߣȻֱҧ̵ˡ
໣
һǰɸߵдǳ̶ϢΪ֮ӿ
ﻹʣµİ˸ǿ߱øǱһ߿飬һ߷ɿԶ롣
ͬʱŰڶ֮Ƭص·һ˵Ĵ𣬵Ȼ䶯ͬɳһ㣬һƬƬ֮ðܼЩˡ
ǣ
ϣת۱ǳ帯ãƣɴϢ۶ɣÿһǶԿʥĴڡ
һĻʹ첻ɵü
ƬǸĿռ䣬ʱй򣬶ԿʥЩˣһʥǿҲӦˡ
С̫ӣһӾСԴϣؽС
׻£ʱС̫ѧϰҲС㵽ͷС
񶼲ʥ˲ΣͻȻôƬʥⲻˡ
ƬʱǶסˣһʱ䣬ȫȥ
ӿϢӿʥһϣˡ
ɫأһʱ̫򣬶ɨķ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
֮£һͷһͷը飬ɫŧѪ
ͬʱɨϵʿǱߣ뿴ϢϵʵͨԷԸӦ¶ԷϢжǿȴǷ֣Էֻվԭضѣϵȫûȥ·ûпԷһ㡣
ϻ׻ȻҲǿһĻйŹְ
С̫Ҳǲɵõ˵ɴ۾һĻٲȻǲһ㡣
ϻʲôΪʲôǲ㣿
ֱʵ
ƶߺȻˣԽϵ˫ֺʮ֣˵СѣǶúܣһӦǺѣôϵһȻаţϵһֻرԴϵˣ𰡣

ϲҪģ޳ܵĽȻ˼ԼߺȻ
ŶԷͻȻ΢


2066 Ůˣ
һĨɱ˵ǰһͷͷʥ쿴ϵʿϹһ׹ƬԼ˴ĴָСԼһ
⣬ͨ˺ѿĿܲһ㣬ʤ̫ۺ̫ۣʱ򿴵ȹâȹâ·ڸʲô
ϻ㲱ϵܲһ㣬ʲô
ϵʿ
ϵʿԣʱ˫ۣ৵һ½׹ƬסһͨƬ
ͨƬô

˵ţ粽৵һ¾ϵʿԡ
ϵʿܣһʥһˣȥ
ȻȻΪ絽ϵʿԱߣЩҲǣϵʿ
@#
ϵʿʱۡ
漴ŵļ׹ƬƬâԼ׹Ƭһ֡
ʱ䣬˹ʥ·ʧȥӰһԱôط
ȻйأܽϢȫʹضĶ嶼Բ׽
лһĨ⡣
ͬʱҲ֪ˣΪϵʿ֮ǰϢĳ
׻С̫ҲǶݣڣĿⶼϵʿŵļ׹Ƭϡ
˵ⶫʲôô
ϵʿ
ûˣ
ϵʿԴҡĸ˹һ׹ƬյĸЩĿ졣
ûˣҲš
ҡͷϵʿԼ׹Ƭ飬ŵĺܣôܻţ׹Ƭֻ߱Ϣ΢СãԻǷ˵
ңҪǣ֮ǰ׹ƬֻΪ濴΢ԾԾǣڿ׹Ƭ˲䣬һִ·ǿһ㣬ĸо궼΢¡
Ҫ֪ʥΣǷ£ԲĴңǵȴ궼΢׹Ƭ
ϵʿ˶٣չȥĹϵʿĲӣЦǰ㿴۲꽻ⶫҿҾͼоһ¡
ӣ
ϵʿ̲סоҪ֮ǰǲ꽻ʱȴ£ļ׹Ƭǵļ׹Ƭˡ
ɿȣ˶٣ǰ㲻ҪһֻرԴ𣿡ɫΪǵ꣬һЩʧһ˿Դ㻻Ƭɡ

ϵʿ˫ۣʵڹ޳ܣǵļ׹Ƭˣ
ͬʱЩգ۹̫ˣⶫЩϹŶʯһ쳣Ҫĺܣ죬Ȼһ¾ͿĲ
ͷһԭһ˿ֻرԴͶԷ׹Ƭֻε̽ϵʿԼ׹Ƭж࿴أû뵽ԷһԥûУֱӻؾ
Ҫ֪ıԴɲ򵥣ֻһ˿Ҳӵзǳ˵ļֵϵʿƺԴ˱ͷǳҪ£ϵʿȴ붼ͻؾӡ֤Ĳ²⣬׹ƬǷǳһ㣬һڳʥ
ͷ׻С̫ҲۣʱȻо˼׹ƬķǷ
Ϊ׹Ƭϵʿԥľܾһ˿ֻرԴ뻻顣
ǰ㿴Ҫһ㱾ԴǾͻ˰ɡ
카ϵʿֵ
ʱһ˿ֻرԴϵʿ׹ƬˣϾȡһ˿ֻرԴȻЩģȴ֮׹Ƭֵã
ϵʿĥƿڴүģСӲǺˣ
첻ϵʿЦǰٿǿǣ㲻
˵ţͻȻݣĻֱֹסƫͷŶϷȥ
ͬʱͷ׻С̫ҲǳԾҲֱֱĿǸλá
ϵʿҲɫֱֱĿϷ򣺡ʱ䷨ĲС򣿣
ʱϵʿĿľݣ˫Ŀ֯Ϊ貵ľâ
ʱ䷨ϢϢߣһߣԾ춯أʱȴƬص׿ռ֮ڣͬʱоϢ
ಣ
ƿʱپϵʿˣֱӳϷȥ
ǸλϣȻǸӦʱ䷨ϢԼĲΪ֮𾪡ֻǣ𾪺ϵʿһǣŮɾƿʱ䷨ңԵɱһֱڲʱ䷨Ϣͬʱ֣Բݣ˲뵽ϡ
СֶŮСֶŮɽ𣿡
׻һľɫȻǺһʱӦʱ䷨ĲĲҲֱ뵽ϡ


2067 
죬ǰ׻С̫ڸӦʱ䷨ϢĲ󣬶ڵһʱ뵽ɣǾɣɲʮ
ʱȻɣ졢׻С̫ûͣ£ٶȺܿ죬ֱĳƬص׿ռĶϷȥ
ϵʿдžɫʱϢϢȻ⣬Ҳȥ
໣
ص׿ռڣΪλͷµĹϵʥ֮ðȫ۶ɣʱΪϵʿԼ׹ƬĹâֵķΧ;Ƿǣ
ֱӳ̫壬Ҳһ֯
գȱˣǶаһż˵Ŀת۱ǽ˹ʮͷʥķ飬»
ʱɿţת۶ѣŰ׻С̫㷭Խʮɽ
໣
ǰΪһƬ޴ɽ꣬Ⱥ飬ҲʥΣдƬʿΧɽ֮Уһľ㤣ͬʱҲ𾪡
ЩʿԼаˣǿʥ˼񼶣ǱһȦʥ⻷ƻм䣬һŮΧ鶯ͨ廷ʥԣŮٳ
ʱ䷨Ϣ֯ϣܵʱʱֹʱ񱩣ңȴʱ䷨Ϣ⣬ҲĲԣʱӿ£񷶼ʱʱϵʥһɲǼ䱻ʱɡ
Ű׻С̫طǰİŮʱֶݡ
СֶŮ
׻ۡ
ѽ
С̫ҲԾ
Ů⻷ʱ䷨Ϣվɲ
ɣ
ֱӶˣһɽУʹ״߶ޣһʱʮת۱ǽƬ飬ȫΪɫŧѪ
ֻ壡
ɽУʥԻڵİʿ֣һǶݣ¶ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬һϮµ¶ɫ̼Ϊϲ

ɻϲˣΪطһȺǿΧȴ룬Լĸס
ɶ
ǡֻŮ
ɽУʥԻŵһʿӲûɳطǵ޲ɷŮͬʱƿд˵еʱԼĲ˼ŮȻеŮ
ֻƬ˲ԱߣƵƬĺɫ£ƬһƬɫ׺ܣһʱҲԿ

ɻϲһ¾͹ҵϣʱټȻ˵ĺܡ
׻С̫ʺãһĺòĺܣ壬̫塣
СֶŮƯˣֱ׷ˡ
׻Ц
Цĵ׿ɱȲˡ
ѽ
С̫˹ȥСצӣɵԴһģ
쿴Сһ̲סЦ
ͬʱʱټɣȻܸˣϾԼĹ⡣
ô
ɡ
ɿһֱߣɽȴȻͻȻƬص׿ռʵܺ档
ôʣ׻С̫Ҳɡ
ŮȥǴĹˣ⣬ռѣŮȥȻ󣬾͵طˡ
ɵ
ԶݣȻ֪ᵽĳĹǵֵǴĹǳˣҲ֪Ǻεȴ¡
ʱᵽ¡
׺أҲˣ
ʵ
ɺһ𣬿ռѺɳǾ˵ӦҲһ𱻾ˣûбǣһỤסɡ
ţҲˡɵͷõģĿռ䣬ֻпռתƵûκλϢǲµġ
ԣһʱ䵹ǷûΣվͺã֮ȥǾˡ
漴ɣǷ֣ɵΪѾǴʥ硣
ƿ򣿶ңﵽʥ
Щ𺳡
Ҫ֪뿪ʮҲͲŹȥѣʱܴʲδﵽʥΪ;µʱռĹϵ˶ʱɣȴô̶ʱƿƿصΪﵽʥʵЩˡ
ɼ̳µľʣʷǳ죬ΪжٶȣȴҲǿЩˣʹľš
Աߣ׻С̫ʱɣȻҲ⣬Ҳ뵽£¶һ𺳣ڶ̶ȡȳɾͣĲС


2068 й
̶ʱ䣬ûƿƿʥȳɾʵǹˣ֪ʺ֪֮ǰɾѾǲ֮нǧ꣬ȴţ׻С̫Ҳһ
԰԰ҲöĹɵͷһЩɫ㶼֪Ĺڷһռ䣬棬ʱȫһռĲǳŹ֣׵ʱжݡ
˵ǽƬռڣǧֱ꣬Ƭռ߳ʵ磬ȴǽֻȥյʱѡ
ԣʱݣԭǵõ˶ǧʱ䣬ԣɲƿͬʱΪӵδﵽʥΡ
뵽һ£ȥᵽǴռ䣬ôǽΪγɵǴʱռ䣬ǰƣ
Աߣ׻С̫Ҳݣڶ̶ƿصҴﵽʥҪԭңҲ뵽˺һ⡣
ǽǴʱռ䣬ȫư
׻ۡ
ţ⻰գգۣʵǣƵĿռ䣿
ԡ
ͷǽγɵʱռ䣬ö¼򵥽¡
ʱռ䣿ɵۣǴĹѵǺйأˣ
ȻҲ˵̸֮ɫĴڣĴ档
֣ǸôˣܻĺúõġϵʿںƲ죬СĿϣԴžɫֹģƬô£ˣôôôСŮӣȻͬʱƿʱ򣬻ֻ壬˼ǡ
ǳСȫȫû
ˣǵȴƬعƶݺݵҡһҡͷǴĹȷʵпܺλйء
໣
˻Χ֪Χ˸ܿʥΣΪ̫࣬ʱȻѹ׺Ҳˡ
ѽЩ÷̫ˣǻȳһ㣬ôɱɱꡣ
ɹ档
ʥΣƿʱ򣬿ԻɱʥǿߣǣЩʥʵ̫ˣټзֳʿԣղǸʱԸЩʥʵѾЩˣʥҪĹˡ
û¡ɣ׻С̫ԱߣߵϵʿԱߣЦǰ㶮ģǶЩӦǵĴڡ
ȷʵܶ࣬ʮҪһȥɱɱ꣬ǷΪʥݽߣЩô۵ɵ
ģЦЦСħͷϳǵ֣
ϵʿԴӷļ׹Ƭ󣬾;첻Ǻ˲Ҫ
ˣǵһʱ߶׹Ƭɵ˻
ʱطȺʱȫʧȥһ˵ϢӦȫűʥԻŵʿȥɲʥݲסĻζҽѷ֣֩ӿȥٲȻܿҪ
һʱ䣬ʿǾײʥݵŵĲᡣ
Ҳǰɡ
ɶ
ͷϵʿǰҲһסȫλȥɡ
ôİĵطȻʶЩʿȴǳְЩ˵ֵЩµԴˣοԼŮһġ
ϵʿƲ죬ȴҲûоܾ߶׹ƬɢĹâʿһסֱ뿪طú䵽һûûĴɽ䡣
лллл
ʿȫɵлʱɳ֣ǾȫţҲΪɿҪǣʹϵʿһߣﶼԼһܹȫΪɡ
ɰ֣鶯ͬʱԵ󷽣ûµģÿ
ΣգǻЩ뿪ȽϺá
Щʿ
Ϊͷ켶ڵ飬Ƭռʥͨʿԣǻ
ǣ
ʿӦͬ˵ǰ㣬ʼƬռ⳷롣
ΪĻûдЩǿҲʥ˼ʿԣƬص׿ռʵ̫ΣˣԲע⣬пʹǱɵ
ܿ죬ʿȫ뿪ֻʣ졢ɡ׻С̫ϵʿ
ȥ𣿡
׻ʵ


2069 
Ű׻ѯʣ룬ȥ
ĵص׿ռǳΣգһ˵ʵҲ̫ģƬص׿ռν˵ȷʵǷǳˣԣȥһԿܷڶȡ
£ɣ׻С̫һԣƬص׿ռȥ
ͬʱϵʿǸһ
໣
Ƭص׿ռ䲻ϻصΪͷ켶Ĺϵ̺Ƭռڵİ۳̫ʥÿ䶼ܿ
ߣߣ
ˣ

Ƭص׿ռʿܶ࣬ʮ򣬵ǿȴ٣Щʥ֣ʿǾźͿ־壬һ߼ڵֵһ߳Ƭص׿ռ⳷룬УȻǲͨʿɥ
һʱ䣬ѪˮƬռڲϵıŽҽеʱڸλ
һϵʿţǼ׹ƬɢĹâţȥĹУνǳͨ裬ЩΪ۳ʥȫǿǰ㣬ǴЩʥԱ߹Ҳûһͷᳯ˹ȥ
ܿ죬гȥԶǿʮɽ
ЩɽȻǾƫǳŨ˵Ļ֮ڣȴǹľԣڣЩֲ껹Ҫĺá
һ˼ص׿ռȥתۼ䣬Ǽɽ˦
Ҳʱһǰ˵ʥӾǰһƬڣ⽻֯ŰʥѹȻܲʥ˹ȥȴԶκһ˿в
˲Ĩɱ˵ǰʥͬʱһ߳ŵص׿ռȥвûдżɵǴоâｻ֯һּ˷ܵĹ
ɵеǿǰ꣬˫۵΢΢
ˣɲİһŵʥӣһǻŵڷǳ֮ǰһΧԴ
˸ӣ
׻ЦȻҲϳˡ
֮ǰǧɱͥʮ֮ʳ֣ɱֻرԴǧǶţУд뱻ɱɱٰΪԭ̮ˣǴٰе
ʶǣ
ɼͰ׻ı飬Щ棬
Ȼʶ֮ǰ㸸׵ֻرԴţûгɹ
컹ûڣ׻ô˵
ʲôԣʱۣҴԴ⣿쵰
󣬻ûʲôǶˣһαǿǧɣʥӺͻǰԶ
ʲôˣ
ʥӺͻΪʽʱɳԴе⣬һͬʱҲΪɵò̫ˣЩŮӺ࣬ȴûһܺɱȡ
ɵֱۣӶ֣ʮռ𶯣ܵһƬʥֱӱɡ
׶û۸Ҳң
ȻȥԼ׵ֻرԴ
Ż䣬ƬռڣʱΪ֮𶯣Լһģʱ䳤Իͬһʱ䣬Ĳ֯ʱ䳤ڣֱӽƬСظסˡ
ʥӺͻʥǰͻȻĲʥĲ񻰵ŮȻͬʱ˴˵еʱ䷨֮
˾㤣ټʥӭɻļʱ䳤ӡ
Ȼһ̣˸Ӿ㤣ʱ䷨֮Ľ£ʥ۷弶Ϊʥȫǲһת۾ͱ𣬶󣬼ʱ䳤Ʋѹ䣬񷣬תۼǽǸǣͬʱѹ
㡭
˲һ˲ѣԶˣڵʥˡ
ৣ
һƿ˽ǰһƽķڵأԼʱ䳤ӽѹСֱӲϲϲȡ
ǣ
ʹ
ģ㡭ͣ£
ʥӺͻǾǾŭǵΪԴʥ۷壬𣬿ȴǱһʥεСܶŮʹȣĶˣ
ͬһʱ䣬󷽣һ뷢
⣬⡭
׻Ŀһʱ˵Ļˡ
ѽ
С̫ۡ
ʥ۷弶ΪȻ˲ͱʥεɸѹˣȻû˿Էء
ҲǶݣ֮ǰ֪ƿ֮󣬿ʥΪɱͨʥǿߣȴû뵽ʥ۷弶оҲôĲһ
ʥСֶŮܵˣδ棿׻Դлһ˿צŻŸۣ


2070 龧
ʥΪѹʥ۷弶ʵ̫ˡ
ϵʿоЩΣ󣬻ô֣
ǡ
첻ɵÿЦԼŮԽԽˣ̫ˡ
ͬʱҲˣʥӺͻȥԴСѾͷʱŭ֣ůůģо仰˵ԣŮǸ׵Сް
ϣһ߷Ȼı飬Լ֮ʱ䳤ѹʥӺͻˣʵ̫ˣȻȥȡԼ׵ֻرԴΪԭȥ׷ɱԼҪɶ򱶡
㡭ͣ£
ʥӺͻϿȣʹѣϸӵʹ
ȻһŮȡ
ҲʱԶǰȥ
˵
߹ͣٲˣǽ˽š
ʥӺͻţʱߵǰ죬ʧɫ㣡㡭˿죬ֿɣɶĳƺϵľɫŨ㣬㾹Ȼ
֮ɫʥΪѹǵŮƿŴ˵еʱ䷨ȻŮ
δ꣬ɣ԰ɣ
쿴ˣЦ
ʥӺͻɫǺܺÿֻ壬Ĵ̶ǿͨ켶ǿ򣡡
֮ǰȥֻرԴѹǰҲ֪ǲ⣬ͷƤЩ
вңЦãǵĴʦϳżǰɹĴ̣˼
ʥӺͻһɫѿˣһͥɵĿֲʦ
㡭˶һۣҧʥӵŹǣɱǣǸһܣżô
˺֮ǰȥȡֻرԴھҪɱǣǵûбѹҲת۱ɱϾȱĳ𶼱նˣǵʵȱԶԶܵס죬ֻһֵܣס
ǷֵǴܣޱ󣬵ǾҲǲ
ܣмô
΢΢ݡ
Ƭص׿ռڷֵģ˵ʱںھԭ׼ȥǵẈ̂ǵŸɳһȺǿһ𿪲ɡʥҧֻҪŹǣǾͽ
飡
̧ȣһؿڣֱӽ˵Ļϡ
䱾Դֱû˵ʶѰᵽǸء
תۣʮȥֱݡ
ǡ
ͫ΢貾â֡
ôˣᵽǸˣʲô
飬׻ɵʵ
ԱߣС̫ҲϵʿҲһ
ˣһ龧󣡡

׻΢΢ݣж󣿡
龧龧龧ƣҲƵڴֵԪɻؼ۶ɣ߱ǳ˵ĴŲٵƬ㹻ôȻǶʥǿ߶ԣҲǼλ׵ıֱ֮ܽΪͬʱ֮ʥü
ȶǽѾεõҵõ٣ǲİˣʱᵽ龧ʱȴǶݣ貾â֣ԡǴ龧ʹԴһӺ⡣
ܴ󣡡֮ǰǰ͸ǵǴ龧󣬻ǵðɣ˵Ƭص׿ռ䷢ֵǴ龧龧عƣҲǰ͸ǵǴ龧ʮ򱶡
Ѱʥӵʶ֪˶ԷеĴΪһ龧ͬʱȻȻҲڶԷʶв׽һЩǴ龧Ļ棬Ƿǳľ޴龧ʹѲ𺳣ǵ̫ںˡ
ʲô
׻ԣɴۣɵö¡
͸ǵǴ龧࣬ʹһ˽ΪȻƣʥӺͻƬص׿ռ䷢ֵ龧龧Ҳ浱͸ǵ龧ʮ򱶣
ʲô
ˣô龧󣬾ʥ𼶵ǿҲΪ֮ۺ죬ȻǶͨ켶ǿĴŴ󴫳жԣҲһޱȷıأŵķչڵӵĳɳżֲá


2071 ϵʿľ
龧׻Ŀ𺳣ʵ̫ˡ
ǣԼôȡ
׻졣
֮ǰǲԼ˵ǵʱھΪŷǳǿȻƴڡ

龧ǿĽƣȻҲʥʶ֪
Ȼƣƽ⣿
׻ʵ
ǺѣҲѡ

׻ԣһϲǾͺãǣȥˣ
ͷҲ㣬ʥӺͻ
ʥӺͻʱһʱľ⡣
Ѿ֪Ǹˣô󣬷ŹǣҪɱǣ
˼
쿴ˣ˵ʲôнɫ⸡ֱ֣ӳն¡
֮ǰȻȥȡֻرԴȻκε顣
۵Ľɫ£ʥ˵
նˣʱ䳤Ҳ
Ů
Ц
ȻЦҵıŮ
Ůʵ̫̫ˣʥΣȻѹʥ۷ǸˣԺ
ɵСԴкһˣ龧ȥ
໣
طʥ࣬ҲôңŶɼʱ䳤Ӹˣʱɢȥʱ䳤ӣЩȫ
֣һƬɫֱӽһ顣
ǳطλöȥ¹ȥһӵʱһȵأϣطûƣҲûܹľޱȴ
󣬾ȵڣ
׻ʵ
ԡ
ͷ
ʥʶѰ龧λãǾȵġ
ɺͰ׻ǣŴʥʶõ龧ľλ꣬ܿɽĴĴһ޴Ŀ󶴡
ɽңңֻǴһ˾͸о˼˵ͨ嶼̹
·һûɽڣܿɽľͷλãȥǰ龧鲼ɢ͵Ĺâ
ⷽ󶴵ÿһ䣬ڲסĲ
⣬ǡ
׻ˣǰ龧ţˣͬԣȵ͸ǵǴ龧ϣҲʮ򱶡
˰
ѡ
ô龧Ƕԣֱһڳʥأ
ܹõЩ龧ǶڶʱΪ

Ѿ֪龧ʲôʱﾹȻô龧ҲǳԾѣһʱ䲻ɵõԲƯĴ۾
ϵʿҲطЩ龧ûǰ㼤𺳣ƺô⣬Ψһ˿˿â
һʱǰһƴŵǰ
ܿ죬ǰĿ΢һ͸˳Ƹ
ǴȻƣ׻һʶӦ£Ǻһ۷ʥƲ
ǲû⣬ΪƿӦƿĽƣң֮ǰҲᵽ£ĽƶԼԲѡ
վǰɫƽһӿĳǰĽƶȥ
תۣʮȥһǰȻϵѣ
ʱһɻǰӿת۽ûʹһ˽ǲɵ΢£ëһ̽ǲ˿
лһĨ貹âּ䣬طʮķԱĻйֿǰĴƬ龧
֮
˵
Եˣ
׻˷ܣ˫Ŀ⣬Ļǳ˹ȥ
С̫Ҳ˹ȥ
񣬴ȻϱƵѾûܹ谭ǵڡ
ϵʿƲƲ죬Թߵһ£һǰ龧ûȤӡ
㲻ã
ʵ
׻С̫ҲЩ档
ô˵һ龧ϵʿȻĵһ۵ӣԹߵһߵһʯ¡
Ҫ
ϵʿƲ졣
ʹ첻ɵ΢ô龧ʥ֮µκʿдãֱΪϵʿô龧ȴһı飬˵ϵʿΪԲʥΡ
һ棬ʥ𼶵ʿȻòЩ龧ǣô龧ҲΪ֮ݲŶԣϵʿȴȫһޱƽǲмģһϣϵʿΪţҲ׼֮ˡ


2072 
ͷΪԣʲôˣ
쿴ϵʿʵ
ϵʿбˮһ򵥡
ֱ˵ǿ󲻾ˣﻹǵòԼһţ
ϾŰɡ
Ʋǰкɡ׻С̫ʼ龧
ϵʿĶԷĹжǲǸܣΪϵʿԺǿҪһͶˡңΪҪǣĳԷȻЩ޳ܼȴԲʲôˡ
ת̫ľĽɫԽֱ֯ȡ龧С
ˣ
ɫԽóҲһƵ
ͬʱݻɵʥԻط龧ʼɿɳĹľֲ꿪ʼ֣ɽӽγɣһʵϢн֯ʥĳɳŨ
磬ҪĿ֮һƬʹʥٳɳ
ô龧Ȼǵڽ֮ͬʱҲ֮ʹڵʥ򲻶ݻɳ
ʥǺܲ򵥣ܹ򵽳Խ
ˣ
̫ľתȡ龧̺һ޼һݻʥʹʥɳٶȽʼøһЩԭʼϢơ
ԶϵʿһɫʯϣһĻɵΪ֮һ
ɳе磿ɵõۣСӣⶫѰ
ˣ
ǰʥ򣬹âƣԽıʵ
󣬲ԶеС̫΢£дԻʥ򣬽ʥڵĹâͬһ㣬ʼ޸
һƬ磿ϵʿ̲סֵۣüԣѾٵĲˣǿǰ磬Ȼųɳеڻָָܹĳ̶ʼޣ޷ɳΪˡ
С̫˶٣кֻһĨ΢⣺ſԭһĺᣬǣƬ磿
漴ĿϣвɵһƵľâ챾ڸʥ
Сӣ򵥰
ۣʱޱ䣬·ǿһеںڶ
ʱϥڵأһһĴУиӦȴǲûܹϵʿ
ˣ
ɫԽøңøǿʥŲϳɳ
ͬʱС̫г𣬽ʥ򣬲ϵ޸
ɺͰ׻Ҳһ߰񣬽ڲϱǿ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
ºһ죬ⷽڵ龧ĴĽɫҵ㣬·һ˵Ļ¯㣬һ˫ۣâһû
ʥء

ط龧ʵ̫ˣȻѾǴʥһ߼ȡ龧ݻʥͬʱҲڶ̶¼䣬ʥڶﵽʥ죬Ǵʥ۷壬ʱпܴﵽʥء
ͬʱµʱ䣬ʥøӾˣɽöֲ࣬Ҳø࣬ɢϢǰŨ˰ٱҲֹ
ã
ʥڣտտâһζ
ܸоĵԼǰǿ̫̫࣬ͬն
ɡ׻С̫֣ɵΪʥδﵽʥ죬׻ΪʥشﵽʥڣС̫ʥ˾شﵽʥأȣһʵ
үҲʥˣ
׻̲סЦ
ʥصʥ£츳ԣҲǧܴﵽȴǶ̶̵ʱʹﵽˡ
졣
գ۵
ˣ츳һ˵طҲȲϣ£Ҳûаʱʹʥδﵽʥ죬ٶȣ츳ٺãҲ첻
¾硣

ﵽо磬վǲ翿Լһȥļͣúķһʱﵽľ磬򣬻ʹõȣδǳá
ţ
ɺܹɣұҲһ㣬ת´µĹžʼ龧ﵽʥΪʹüľԽԽȹ̡
ͬʱ׻С̫ҲˣԸԵĴйžȹ̵ǰΪ
ˣתۼ䣬һ¹ȥ
ķһʱ䣬һ˶ǰΪ繮ϣǳļ͡
뿪Ǽȥ˵׻죬ü˵ôã֪˵ڲڡ


2073 
ʱѾȥôãˣƬռ˵˵Ƿ񻹴ڣϾʱԭ̮Ķǳһкܶʿϵ
룬ȥ֪ˡ
ϵʿһߵĻɫʯϣ۴죬һ˼ʲôӡ
ͷһֱҸ
Ȼע⵽ϵʿ
ȤѣСӣ򵥰
ϵ۵
ʲô˼

ϵʿȻһЦϵһֻرԴϵǿ㽲һ

б˶Էһۣûٶ˵ʲôһ뿪󶴳ȥ
ϵʿʼ磬֮ǰǸλųƬƬ龳

һȥ
úһг󶴣߳ɽȣص׿ռڣǱñǰŨˣ¶ȶʮȡ
໣
ʹһ
ȥλãͷɸߵ飬˵ӰΧ
¡¡첻ϴʥܾˡ
ǡ
΢
Ȼͷ飬ңǰˣȻǡ켶Ĵڣ
׻ݡ
ǰƬص׿ռֻһͷ飬ǳ£Ƶļ׼ǿ߶Ǳ켶ǿߡ
Ǳչº߳ȴǷ֣Ƭֶͷ켶飬֮ǰļ׼ǿ߲ˣм켶ǿڿƬص׿ռ䣬ʱɱͷ顣
ͬһʱ䣬Ƭص׿ռŨ۶Ժǿ
ֱ԰ˡ
׻
ȴ⣬Ҳиʵǿ߿Ƭص׿ռ䣬طо˵ʥѹڽ֯ʥǰ࣬ȴûǰǰ⣬Ƭռڵʿп֮
˶٣ֱȥ
λȻ켶Ĵڣͷ棬㿴Ƭռڵ˵Ǿ;Իڡ
ƬȻ켶棬ȴ̫⣬ֻҪ̤ǵȼսΧڣǾûΣգЩһ˸֣ϾϾƹǺЧ
ϵʿҲһǼ׹ƬϢΣһ·ȥ
ܿ죬ʮɽ˦
¡
ʱƬպ𶯣ʹ졢ɡ׻С̫Ƕݡ
ԭĵطӰ˽֣ޱǿᡣ
ͨ켶ǿߣ
ͫ΢
׻С̫ҲԾ
˵ô𣿾Ȼͨ켶ǿ߶ˣ
׻Ծ
ԱߣϵʿлһĨâҧЩ߷Ȼģϼһ˳ϵһûѰأ鷳鷳
ţһΣˣ΢΢ݣͷʲô
ܸоϵʿᵽĻûѰĶӦò˵ңͻȻƬռͨ켶ǿߣƺΪϵʿѰĶ
Щ죬Ƭռڣȴ˵ڱ⣬Ȼ˵ĶڣȻͨ켶Ĵڿ뵽Ƭռ䡣
Աߣɡ׻С̫ҲǸоǲɵƫͷϵʿ
ϵʿ˶٣֣
ԣͫһ˼ǣƬص׿ռķΧڣ
Աߣɡ׻С̫ҲǶһ
ϵʿͷ֮ǰĻԭϢƬص׿ռķΧڡ
˵ţŵ֮ǰ龧ϵûв´ĻΪӰ췽γɣ£һǲô޴龧ŶԡƬص׿ռ䣬֮ôŨֲȴûпήҲӰ졣
ԣһʱˣ⡭
һĺڣͬļ磬ޱȾˣ̺жôˣǧͨͨ켶ǿߵʥԼ֮ܺҲԶԶ޷֮ȡ
ȼһ֣һ֮ɵޣ
ڣȼĺų壬ȻǶͨ켶ĴڶҲһ¯ҩֻҪõһ˿зǷЧ
û뵽ƬȻƬص׿ռķΧڣ
׻һ𺳣˫Ŀ⣺Сӣ㲻ǶشƵȷǳóǻᰡѰǿܼʱܴﵽ׾ϣ
ԣбһۣ̫򵥣ȼôңĿǰΪҪƬռڽҳͲܣͨ켶ĴڣҪƬ̶ĴΧڽҵҲһΪѵ¡
ÿһ磬һԽӴ磬ԽˣѰҲԽѡ
ͬʮǵСǳΪɵѰǣͬѰȼǾˣ̶ķΧѰңҲɺѣϾƬص׿ռķΧǷǳ


2074 Ϣ
Сӣ֪֮ͦġ
ϵʿĻĵ
ص׿ռ䣬֮ǰǱչصļҲֶ̽Ѱ佫Ǵ龧󶴸ϸѰһϧȴûаջ
Ϊɱߺܶ࣬Ѿķôʱ䶼ѰһټƿкرóشƣѰҲѡ
бϻһۣû
Ƭռ˶٣кɺͰ׻ǼǸλȥ
Сӣģ꽻ǰϵһֻرԴ£
ϵʿ죬ֵ
ԡǳֱӣ꽻ǰ㲱ϵļ׹ƬұʹԴ
ϵʿۣӣСҪģһߵģͷߣϵˣԼȥ
ٶȷǳ죬Ƭص׿ռλöȥת۱гȥԶ
̲סһЦµõϻӦȥطѰˡ
ߡ
кɡ׻С̫Ƭռλöȥ
˵ǸѰЩ
໣
Ϊϵʿ뿪ûö׹ƬΪϢΣƬص׿ռ䣬һЩʥʱǲ׽ǵĴڣֱӱ
ⵯָƬɫɳÿɫⶼһǿƥɱһʱ䣬۵һֱӱն֧顣
Ϊʱп̤ʥ죬սҲ֪ǰǿ˶٣ȱǵȳ̧ѹԷ£Щǰԣ൱Сķǳࡣ
үҲһʥս
׻˷ܣﵽʥκܸˣֱӳ֣һʥԼ鵱ǰս
䣡
âӿת۶ѣƬʥ飬ֱӻΪҽɫŧѪ
ʥ֮µͨʿԵסү
Ц
С̫ҲԼǰСצһɫԻ˲ϢƬʥճ˻ңǵƣʥ֮£û˵ס
ûԣƿʱʥʱѹʥﵽʥأͨʥǿߣҲܹ̫Ĩɱ
߰ɡ
ֿڣһ³Ƭռȥ
ǷһɽʱʱмǿʥɱǶԶûκһ˿вԣһ˶֣ԱĨɱ
֮󣬴Լȥµʱ䣬̤ص׿ռڡ
ƬռָƬռľͷƬص׿ռޱߣ߾ֻǸλöԣ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ӿʥƬںƵ˸켶ǿΧɱͷǿ飬սǳңһһɽ飬ճƬƬ̮
̫ˣ
׻ӣ
ͷ켶̫£ǽ뵽ƬֻǵȲεĽսನǾǺܣ
£ǿԶƬ
ƬڣԶսڣ˸켶ǿߺɱͷ飬ȻһˣʱӶɵϣжտտâֶ֯һ˿̰
ûã̰֮ɫ;âǶȥʧΡ
Ƕֻ֪壬ֻرԴܿ󣬵ȴҶ֣ΪϾƹų˻һǸҶ춯֣ĳ
ϾƹǿûۿֻͨƴʶӻҲܸож£̫ˣϾƹѾͨ쾳
һֲڣͥǵȻһֻܳĬֻһĵȥԸ죬ϱҷ
ҲΪ˵
ҵڴѰ¶ӰôѰ
Ȼɱͷаʬڱض켶ѪòС
˸켶ǿٲȻʶģʱɨˣͷ켶аʬִչ
ɡ׻С̫һʱȻ˸켶ǿߵܿгȥ˺ԶԶ뿪˰˸ǿߺͷаʬļս
Ƭص׿ռ䣬񻹵ޱˣ׼켶ͨ켶һǿȫˡ
׻̾
еΪ˵еΪ֮ƻиǿ߸ϵ

˵ţԹԵҡҡͷкɡ׻С̫Ÿȥ
ܿ죬߳˺ԶԽȽϰСɽ
ҲʱŲһֹɫ΢䡣
ǣ
ǰһСЩɽ¶ɫ
ԱߣɿɽڣҲ¶ɫǡСϢ


2075 ԡ
춯ݣҲݣطǾȻоϢ
СһҲƬռˣ
ɾȡ
쿴ŸЩλãûԥֱӳǰȥٶһЩ
ɡ׻С̫ǵһʱȥ
ܿ죬һǿɾ룬ǰѵɽһһۼǴ޾£ͱ˵ġ

ɵ
н֯žâӦϢƬ򣬺ŨҰ֮УʶɢȴûпӰ
ȻʶҰѰǣǵϤϢȴʹܹ׽ڣطűǵϢĸӦƬ
ɡ׻С̫Уܿ죬һƬڵһɽ֮ڣȫһƬ棬ȱľмڵرϣһһЩɿݵ׮ڵر޾ǰٵֲ꣬ѾȫûҲʹ֮ΪЩֲѾ׻ˣͬʿһٻָˡ
ͣطоϢΪŨҡ
̧֣ǰռͬˮưһɫ
ǣȻ磿
׻ݡ
ǰתҲ֮̽Ѱɫϡ
ȫǡ󲿷ȻһΪ
ƿȻܹӦϵԡ
ͬʱеľâøŨӦϢﴫ
ҲüϢ洫ѵᵽǿռѷ䵽֮
֪浽ʲôĻ֪ûΣգʱЩż
˿һЩ
תޣܼӿǰɫӶȥܿǽɫȫƣʼɿķֽϵ
Ϊǿˣңϴ̫ã˺ܶ࣬£ת޵ʩΪܿʹǰɫϳѺۡ
󣬵ֹȥʱ䣬һ촫ǰɫֱӱ顣
ʱһȵʥӿʮռ䣬ת۱ĹâƣܺƵҪһжڻƵһ˽ԼٶȺˣת۱ǳȥʮԶ³ɫϺȥ
ǣ
ǰһɫ
ɫ֮󣬵ɫĽʣԲΣֱңһ죬γһͷ޴Ļˣ·ǻŵһ㣬һȹŮӡ
ȹŮ毺ã΢˫ۣ˻ƣڷɿ
棡
С
ͬʱݡ
Աߣ׻С̫Ҳɫ
Ϊ˻ƵȺŮӣ棡
ˣ
ɫڣһȼգ¶Ҳ֪жວˣĴ׺С̫ɫҪ£ɻ۳ɵĻһͬʱ棬ȴû˵ֺңڷ⣬ȿֲĻһӿȥ
Ҳʱһ滷ƵƺиУƤ£˫ۡ
˫ЩãȻȴһƬһƬ죬У޾
֡
ãȻ죬˶촽ֻ³һ֣߽ͬ㣬󣬷·̼䱻޾֣֮Ƥֱˡ
֮ǣϵĻøӳңĳ֮ӿȥ
ͬʱĻˣĻҲʼڶȥ
侫ԸٶȱǣΪת۱Ǵ۲οʥ۷塣
һʱ䣬һٴɫ䡣
ԡ׻ʯǡͷת
ɫڵĺ棬ʥܣ۳˻ˣʣǾνطĵͷ˵ȵڷɿӿȥһһ֮ȫϣʹԡ޾һΪˣ±Ҫٶ롭ǵͷ˵ת֮˵ˣʼյ
ССȻǡ
ɼˡ
ѽ
С̫Բ˫ۡ
ȻҲ𺳣һĻš
棬Ȼת
ˣ
ɫڣһԾ֮۶ɵĻˣϵĳӿȥʹľ񲻶
ͬʱɫ·֮£һƵĴ֮ӿϣǿֲ棬֮ڣʹͻ˽ǱøǷںʹľĸӿ١

쵱ݣɫٱ䣬ٴת۷壬ۿصף޾Ʒɿӿһٶȳط֯
ʮŵصӶȥ𶯣Ϣסˡ
ͬʱƱ裬ԼڵصһХ


2076 Σ
ԵصԼХǱɫ

𺳡
Ʊ裬зǳǿڸûصǣƾԼǵХԼӵصĴܿ϶ϵʿᵽƬԾƬص£
Ļɡ׻С̫Ϊ֮һ
˵ϵʿᵽطĵص£
׻ʵ
ͷԡ
⡭
׻ӳԾ
ˣ
һƣǰɫУ˾Ծ֯øӾˣ֮۶ɵĻˣҲ֮øӲ
һ˲˲Ŀŵɫе棬¶ɫ澹Ȼǵͷתػʼյ
ԵصӿĴ뵽һ棬ѡط߲Σܾ̽Ѱط
ô̫ˣ֮Դʱ䣬ܹδ̤ϵһ˵ĸ߶ȡ
걻ֺֹûɹսϽ籣תȴгһգ

ʱ޾滷ŵĴе棬˲뵽˺ܶࡣ
䣡
ͻȻ˵ʥܲӿ֣Զմ֮ǰͷ鼤սİˡ
ԭڼͷ켶飬ͻȻоطֵľ˵ʥܣһʱ뵽˵ͷ飬ʱϵ
ǡԡ
ͷˣûŮޣת
˶켶ĴڣȻʱĿڵɫеϣ˲ǿ˺ܶ£һ¶ɫ
Եص˵Ƿû⣬Ϊ֪Ƭռ£ֻΪط˵ԲûѰǵȴȥ̽ѰصµĿռ䣬·
ѹߣ
ת֮ԡһļֵȵĵҪǿ򱶣
˸貵ľâͬһʱ䶯ˣȫŵɫץȥҪɫͬһץߣվһΪֻ춼ȫû⣬ΪıԴȻֵȴûһ˸ҳֶȡ
ﬣ
ҲʱŴ̹ɱĽâ񷣬볯Űնȥ
춯֣۷սնһǺڱɫŵǰ
˸켶ĴһȽâȼĴڶԣȻû˿вֻ΢ʹնĽâ飬ɢΡ
ֻ壬תһ˿ڣĵҵȸʦӣ㣬ҪǶ֣Ǿһˣʱҵɱ㣬ʦҲûʲô˵
˵ţ⣬ʥ⽻֯켶ϢʮնΪ̮֮
ѹЩ£ʹһ˽ʹ
ֻǣһȴǶû¶η壬ֻ¶˽䱸͵ǣɫǺܺÿ
ޣҲʦĵӣҪ֣ȿһº
캮
нߣһ㲻˵ȥвˣǲĴ·񣬵ôˣΪҪ棬һ˿һĲ
תҲãʲôϴҲգǶҪ£ֻļǵһ㣬ڵ棬ӣҲ¡
ͬʱٴνת㣬ƴһʹƳŵصӿȥȻ޷ﵽڵλãȴҲܹĴ
˵תһСӵӣСʦĵӣǼϰʵһ㣡׻ҲڣвСӵʦ綼׵ĻٵͥһǣñҶ
ҼС׵ãǼϼһԶ㣡ҪҶ׻ܲˣأ
ɽ䱸Űˣŵ
ѽ
С̫Űˣһ衣
˸켶ǿԣǶݣɫ΢䡣
ûС̫ɵĻҲû⣬ȫͲ֪ɿеʲôˣֻǶĻݣΪϾƹȷʵޱη塣
һ̣˶һۣɫֱĮ
˵ޱޣҵ£
ҵֻ֪ǵ˵ת֮޹أ
ʦֻᵽһ˲鷳ҵʦλӣȥ㣬ҵ£Ǳҵȵɣ
˿ڣ붯ˣ̽ʥܴ֣ŵɫץȥȻҪͬŵɫһߡ


2077 ս
˸켶ǿһ֣켶ѹӿֻֽա

׻ɫ˻Ҷ֣
ǣ
ߣ΢Ϊ£켶Ĵ̫ǿŰ˸켶ǿһ֣켶ѹƺƵѹ䣬ʹ巢Աܵ
ҵȲ㣬˵ϣҲ㣬
˸켶ǿ߿죬Į
켶Ĵӡѹ䣬ץ˽磬ת۱ѹ䵽ǰ
Ҫãȫ
Ҳʱ쿪ڣ䡣
Ż䣬طһХͻأԵص׺Ƶ𶯳ա
漴Ĵһ뻯һͷײѹĴӡһӿڡ
ţһֱͨطĵص׵Ȼ޷ȴܴʱɹֱӿ
𣡡
ɴ۶ɵľƺˣֱӽ˸켶ǿߵĴ𿪡
ͬʱһڣʹϢǻɽ緢һ㣬תۼﵽһޱȾ˵ĸ߶ȣѹʮա
ǣ
ɡ׻С̫ͬʱɫ
׻ֱ˫ۣ𺳣ô嫵Сӣ⣬ѵǡ
ڷţѾ֪طĵص״ϵʿѰҵʱô˵ľűǣڵһʱ뵽ˡһɹطĵص׵֮
ʱоɢϢѾԿͨ׼ǿˡ
⡭
𺳡
ѽ
С̫ۡ
Ҳȣá
´µĹž壬Ҳͬʱ촫µľŴҲᣬǣ֪طҲ·ȴȫУ޷ͨǣʱȴˡ
棬˸ǿҲǶݣʱͫ΢
ȳ̶ȵѵ
ʱɱӿ˽е̫ˣͬնʹð˸켶ʱֱһ㣬ɨص֮¡
켶ɨطص֮£ͬǰ㣬ûصףȴҲ˺һĸо

𺳡
һ㣬϶ʱ¶֮ɫһɵ΢¡
̫ˣ
ǵ޷һ˿ڣĿ˽еϣ֮⣺̶󣬱һڣǸʱ򣬺ô޾󣡡
֣
һ˿ڣ£˴ǿٴζ֣ͬʱֳ֣̽ץȥ
ӱ䣬Ŀ׼ǿߵ۴ƺƵĳŰӭϡ
ΪȻܵĳܽش֮ΪãǺܲһ㣬Щŵһ˿ڣϧΪ̫ĴǿҲʹﵽͨ׵ĲΣվûкҵȿ
Ż䣬ֱ̧֣һƽ۳ɵĴѹķ顣
󣬰˹Ʋ䣬ץ档
ӱ䣬ӭŰ˵Ĺѹɫޱ仯ֻǺŨЩ
ﬣ
̶Ľڴ߲Էӿ˲ӿ
ʶ֮ڣ߲񽣳һʱƵĽ⣬ޱȺˡ
͵Ĵһʱ䴫˵ĹƱ飬ˡ
㡭
һ̣컽߲񽣣˸켶ǿǶݣɫԱ䡣
ͬʱɡ׻С̫ҲǶݡ
Ǳ񽣣Сӣֻˣ
׻ϲ
߲񽣻ϣ߲Խ֯Կһ㣬Ϣˡ
̧֣һץס߲񽣣߲֮ϵ߲ʹתۼ֡
ţڹͨʱҲڲϹͨʶе߲񽣣ΪʥΪܶԿ켶Ĵڣ뻹һھУʶе߲񽣣һڳ
һΣ߲ƺҲ飬֪ǰʲôľͨʮ߲񽣱˷ӦʱֱӴʶл
Ŀڰϣ߲񽣵һֱӳնһ
ﬣ
ӳ֣ʵ׼ǿߣԿ׵ʵ߶߲񽣣һʱ䣬ĽƵĽƱֱĳŰ˸ѹȥ
ת۶ѣ߲񽣵ĽƱѹ䵽ǰֱ¶ڰ˵ϡ
һʱ䣬ƺ𣬰ͬʱɨɡ
ʺѪˮϡ


2078 ն
켶Ѫˮϣ㴥Ŀ
˸켶ǿߺɳȥԶϽǴŽۣǿסΡ
㡭
һ̣ȫʧɫ
ǿǣ켶ǿߣȴȻһͬʱɣˡ
ͬʱе߲񽣣Ҳ𺳣ϣǸоһĽ⣬ǵȽ⣬ʹǿǶоЩĲ̫ǿˡ
ͨ켶ôǿ
ͫһ
߲֮ǰѾ¶˼ʩչ˳ȥ⼸ȻҲ֪Ǹʱֻʥ˼Ϊʩչ߶ӳƣ͸о϶ԣҲͿ׼Կ׼ʵ߶񽣣ɢĽȻȵʥ˼Ϊ߶ʱǿ̫̫࣬˸켶ǿ߶Ϊ֮ľ𺳡
ĿڰϣԵú䣬һ̶ˣٴγŰһ
ﬣ
Ŵ̶ĽХ߲ɫĽâ񷣬Ҫ춼ѹ١
˽Զݣٳ߲ͨʽâȥ
ʱ¡¡ģ˱Ͼ켶ڣ֣һ
Ҳʱˣٶȿ켫ת۱ǳڰ˵Ľǰ
̧֣ٴնһ
һʹ󣬽ƸˣֻһˣԷķĻâֱĴӶԷŹᴩƬѪˮ
۵һԷը鿪ֻʣǱݳɫࡣ
쿴˵꣬Ӷ߲񽣣ɨ콣⣬ˣ˵Ķ߲񽣳˵ȥ˲Ϣ絽ǰ
һе߲񽣱µĽƣҪضᴩ
Ľƣʹñֻʣǿɫ䣬¶ֵɫΪһ̫ˣһͷڳ
סס֣
̲סе
ɫֱһն£һ;ǣҪ⣡
וּһһն£߲𣬷ʮʮʮֱ켶ǿߵϣ͵һǽԷն
һʱ䣬ط̼˲١
⡭
ô᣿
߸켶ǿǵ߲ʽ⣬ʱɫ䡣
еһˣһ켶ǿߣȻһ˲䱻նˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɡ׻С̫ҲǶݡ
ǿĺǿ
߬˫֡
⣬ͨͨ켶Ҳûܰɣǡ
׻ֱۣȻ֪ʶе񽣷ǳǿǳ£üμʩչ񽣣ʱ򣬼߲תĨɱһ켶ǿߣȴ̲סľ𺳡
ˣ
ط˽У˾ڷڣʥƣ˾۶ɵĻˣϵĳӿȥʹľ񲻶ϵ
ʱΪѾǴ֮ǰʥ۷ﵽʥ˲Ρ
ңڼ
߲񽣣˽пۣƫͷ߸ǿߡ
ﬣ
е߲񽣣Ľһͬʱ˵
ʮգһʱ
ƣȫΪǿ״̬ʩչĽֻضҲתնɱ֮ǰǸ켶ǿһΪʵתֻض߲ۺʵǿҪ׸ɱ켶ǿߣǻǲܵġ
Уܽ⼸˵սϵ̫ãսپΪսɵĲܻɲõӰ죬Ͼʿıչ޼ڰĻнС
ԣ£ÿһζֶǶȫԵǰǿս

һϣҵ֮ʱʵǱ񽣣ҲǶ֣
У˿ڣ£˽Զˣ⽻֯µѹ
ǣҵɱ㣬ҲҵģԹκˣ
һ˺¶̰ȻֵıԴ
ıԴҪмֵ˵ȫûпɱԡ
Ȼע⵽˵Ŀ⣬ҲõʱʲôĿĮ߲񽣵ֽ˼֣ĳ˻Ӷһ
ﬣ
ǿµһᴩգʥĻֱĽͷ­ᴩ֮ǰǸ켶ǿһֻʣǱӳ

˾㤣һߺһ߷⣬
ȻҲʱ˲Ϣ絽ǰ
䣬е߲նѹ䣬ȫһն¡


2079 ǿн
â߲Էӿתۼڱǿߵ֮ϡ

žͲʵĲҽ˵굱飬ס׼Ϊ߶߲񽣣߲֮£ֱ鿪Զʧؼ䡣
˲ʱ䣬˸켶ǿߣֻʣˡ
ġ£
׻ۡ
ת۶ѣ˸켶ǿߣȻ˱նɱ
˸켶ǿ֦ͬʣµɫٱ䣺ģǰѽ
ҧ߬ȭͷĿʱе߲֮ϣܹɱеˣҪǿ񽣡
ﬣ
쳹ʡ
ٴζˣ߲񽣻Ӷ콣ʱ佻֯콣⡣
켶ǿ߿۱˽ŵ棬˾ԾʥӿǶ¶̰֮ɫ
Ҳţܵסˣһϣѹ
Ƿѣɲȥ鷳
ɱ
˿ڣֱӱ졣
켶ʥܷӿˣ˸Գ켶ͨңڸһڱ۷弶׼ɢƽ˷ǳ
оѹʱɢƣҪȸղǿܶࡣ
Ȼоѹȴη̫壬߲𶯣콣߶նĽâ·Ҫ񷶼ѵ

Ƚ̫תۼѣ켶ǿУһ˼׼ն飬
ͬʱ߲ʽ콣â⣬ɨ˻ģֱݻһ

һ켶ǿߵıҲͬһʱѣֱӱ١

˽ԾŭΪ켶ǿߣȴû켶ıΪ̫Զ죬׼оұֶμǵıԴӦǵսңȴ㱻ˡ
˵ͺڴͨӿϢøӣһʱѹϡ
̫壬ʱ׼Ϊ߲񽣵֧ţȴɱĺɣ̫Ѻۡ
סΣκαٴζˣٶȴ߶ޣӶ߲񽣣һʱն߲ʽ⡣
ﬣ
̶ÿһ߲ʽⶼǿ·ǳǿȫ⡣
Ҳʱǰٶȴ߶ޣƬռĲӰתۼеһǰ˫ֽ߲񽣣ն¡
һ˫ֻӶ֮ǰκһιҪǿҪһ㡣
ۣ
ѪŽһ֮£켶ǿҽжûüǱն飬ңҲһ
֡һ

ѽ
׻ɺС̫˽ԱߣһĻǲɵ˷ܼ
ת۶ѣն켶ǿߡ
Ҫ֪ۻֻʥΪȻֶΣȴǴﵽ˿նɱǿߵĳ̶ȣ̫ˣʿ𾪡
ʣµ켶ǿ΢ɫѿЩ˼ɾ֮ɫ
Ŷã쾹նˣ
棬߲񽣣΢һ𣬽죬ֱӳϡ
Ÿտһ΢ֹסΣɫ˲Ϣò԰һЩ
һĻ棬ǿӽһж¶â
Ĵ߶ʥԼģɣ
̬ս֧Ų˶ã
һϣѹȡ˵ҵȵڼ̵ʱ̤ͨ켶߶ȣ
طϢѾйԺض˸սپ
ɱ
˿ڣɭ䣬ѣȫѹȥ
ɫЩ԰ףϵȫ߶ڵʥٶնɱ켶ǿߣϷǳˣȴȷʵǶԼģʥѾ˲٣״̬֮ʱҪЩ
ıȴûʲô仯Įӭɱӽϡ
ﬣ
죬ת۶ѣ켶ǿײһ
¡¡ģطһƬһƬı飬񷶼·Ҫ̮˰㡣
̫壬߲ʩչ콣ÿһ̺ǰȫÿһˣһ绡ڽ֯
켶ǿȫͨݺᣬƺҪ
ת֮䣬ʮȥ
ʮץסһ϶̫壬ƴԺ󱳳ĸ켶ǿߵһеֱ߲Ӳһ켶ǿߵ֮ڡ
ǿʥеӿƬѪˮֶŭ㡭

ӱ߲񽣣ԶԷʥڱֱӽԷűͬҲһ١
նˣɫ֮Ÿ԰ЩĿĸǿϡ
ﬣ
߲񽣣ٴΣ״̬֮ǰЩȴû˿⣬ȫ߶ʥѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶմʮǿʥԻ켶ڷɿĳط


2080 Ƶ
ʮ켶ѹԶճٶȼ죬ת۱ǰ
ʮߵӰ⽻֯켶ѹĿռ䶼Ϊ֮Ť
һʱ䣬ɡ׻С̫ɫ
ģ
׻ŭ
ת۶ѣʮ߸켶ǿߣʵһ߲񽣣Ҳܵס
֮ǰϵﻹŵĸ켶ǿҲݣɫòÿʮ߸켶ǿ߳嵽ֱӻΪ˵ľߡ
ͣ³˹ȥɫҲÿȻ֪ЩΪʲô
ʮ߸켶ǿߣһѣھͽ䱸ˣͬʱĿ˽еϣ˶ɫ΢
ǣ
ǸŮӣ˾ӿǡͷ˵ת
ͷˡûδɹµתת֮ں͵ĵںϣСյԡ
Щ˶ǿߣһʼǰ˸켶ǿ߰㣬һ۾Ϳ¡
һʱ䣬һж¶տտľâǱЩ
ȵ˵ǿ򱶣
˲ɵ߬֡
һ̣һͬһʱ䶯ˣ·Ƿ㣬ȫ˽еȥҪ֮

ɭ𣬰Ľֵ˽ԣе߲һ𣬺ɨʮ߸ǿߡ
ǿһ˵ĽХʮ߸ǿ߶ݣͬʱˡ
ֻ壡ʲô˼
һ˳ͬʮ˰㣬嵽ʱͷֻ崦ȴûж춯֣ΪɵϾƹȻֻرԴޱȿ󣬵ȴûһ˸Ҷ졣
ͬʱʮҲ˿ɢϢ̫ǿˣȻʹ켶ǿ߽Ըоѹ
ҶҪǵ

Ż䣬е߲񽣣Ľʮ𶯡
Ϣǿȷŵǿ˼֣ʹʮ˸ɫһоΪֻʥΣȴɢ׼ǿߵľ񣬶е߲񽣣Ƿ·նһУǵļɵΪ֮һ
һ̣һ˵ɫΪ֮һ
Ȼ֪ʲôֶǿʵƾʲôҵȡ˵
һ
ɭ䣬κεĽֱָ߲ͣˣ˭ɱ˭
ʮɫһһ
˵ҵҪˣǳ֣Ҳɻɱ㣬λӣ
һ
ֱӶˣн֯տտâʥӣץȥ
ͬʱʮԼһϵĻŵĸ켶ǿҲˣһ߽䱸ˣһҲű˽ŵץȥʥϯʮ
ɫɭֻӶ͵ʥɵȫƳǧԶ
طսñ֮ǰӼң洦УڲƶҪɡ׻С̫ƿƬ򣬷ǴΣա
ﬣ
ƿɡ׻С̫Ӷ߲񽣣Ľϯʮ
ܼ߲ʽ⣬޲նĶʮһ켶ǿߡ
֣Ȼҵɱ㣬ʦҲֲҵȣ
ʮһ켶ǿУ
ʮҲӱ죬̰֮⽻֯˳
¡¡ģʮһͬʱ֣ǳ칥ȥ
Ҫ˵Ƚ졣
ӭŶʮһ˵ĹĿɭϺ޾⣬̫壬߲񽣹ɨһһ⡣

ǧ֮⣬һĵǡ
Щ϶
׻Ҳߣû೤ʱ䣬طȻ˶ʮ켶ǿߡ
С̫߬צӣҲǺܷŭ
ֻǣʱȻǶŭȴǰﲻʲôæ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ʥܺͨƬռݺᡣ
Ӷ߲񽣣棬սʮһǿߣ߲ʽâϯʮ
Ƚâ£ʮһǿߵʥ֮£ղϵΪ̮֮
ˣһۣʱȥ
ʱսʮһ켶ǿߣȻʵ˿׼ǿߵĲΣȻֻضʮս߲񽣵һԶʮһ켶ǿߣȴҲޱȼѣɫԽԽ԰ס
Ȼˣʮһ켶ǿߣȴҲԱƵԵЩǱ
ʹöʮһľһһ˶ѣǶʮһϵ켶ǿߵΧȻʼտȻǶʮ˱ƵһǱ
һ̣ʮһ˵ıǱɭ
ǵҰУʱѾǷǳ԰ˡ
Ųסˣ
Ƕ֣ҵȾɱ㣬ıԴʦҲ޻˵ҵģ
Щ˵н֯Ṵ֮̃ɫ໥ˣȫȥ·һͷͷʵް㣬Ҫɡ
ʮһ켶ʥܷӿʹʮձưܡ
ӭŶʮһٴѹʮһ˵ʥײɵò£˲Ϣе˼вɫȴʼղ䣬߲յĸӽЩ
˭Ҳ붯
߲񽣣ٴα貽â
ͬʱͬһʱ䣬Ƭؼ䣬ƵĵƮ𣬷·δ֪ʥʹʱ΢
漴һ˲䣬ڣֻرԴâţ˵ḻ̌ǣ·ǳ޾µĻɽ緢һ㣬ϯ޾쫷磬ǰĶʮһ켶ǿȫɣ켶Ѫˮʮա


2081 ٱս
ô£
ϢôͻȻ
ʮһ켶ǿ߱ɣסΣһʱ䣬ɫǴ䡣
ʱһ˲ϢѣǵҰк͸֪У·ǱһˣɢϢǸо
ƵƮƬСأһ磬δ֪Ʈ
⣬ʥ貣ڣֻԼܿԴųΪĿĹâʥҪȼÿһ䶼һ̲˰֮
£
Ŀ˸
ֻضɽºķǧֻºֻܹ࣬ض໥ϣһֱ̣ʹʵ˰ٱ
ɨܣµӰûг֣֪ڳҸ֪ȴ޷̸ϵǰֻضɽط
ͬʱǧ֮⣬͵ȫλõҲݣþϲ
׵ĵˣ
ֻضɽҲȻ֪ʱ˭ڵࡣ
ˣ
С̫Ҳϲ
״ģ
׻ۡ
ûģ߬˫֣ǸǼ׵괴µֻضɽֻ׺͵ܹ࣬սֻѣ
׻ԣ˫۶ʱɵĸԲһЩǡֻضɽ
ȵкرĵطֻǸоܺѣᵽֻضɽʱȴǶݣΪᵽֻضֻضɽ
ѹ֣ѹСӵϢͻȻǣȻֻضɽ𺳣־ɣɨܶûпµӰأôûмˣ
ӦǴ֮Уϣȴ޷̴ﵽֻǰֻضɽ
ɲ²
ڶ࣬衣
⣬ʥ貣һȼգ԰׵ɫú
ܣֿ˽е棬ĿƶǶʮһ켶ǿߡ
ԵúĮˣ߲񽣣⳯ǰնһ
וּһ̶һ߲ʽٶȿ켫תۼʮһǿеһ˵Ľǰ
ۣ
Ѫˮ˲ϢŽ˱ᴩ壬ɻң
ҽУδ
⣿
ʮ켶ǿһɫǴ䡣
ŵһ˲䣬Ƕ֪Ϣ˷츲صı仯·һˣȴû뵽ô£ֻӽȻͽеһ켶ǿնˡ
ﬣ
ٴ߲񽣣һλӽ
һ߲ʽâɳͬһ㣬ٶȿ켫ԷӦֱӽһ켶ǿ߹ᴩѪˮ
ͬŵǸ켶ǿ⣬켶ǿߣڵһʱ
áǿ⣬Сӵᵽİٱս⣬ֱ
Զ׻ëը
켶ǿߵһոߣսЩˡ
ѽǿ
С̫Ҳ𺳡
ֻԵãһֻеܴﵽٱս׶С
˫ۺĿǰֻضֻضɽȻ֪
ǰսڣʮŸ켶ǿ߻ţһ̣ɵ÷
ߡˣ
һ˿ڣɵЩֱԶȥ
ʮûԥԶԶ
һ̣ŵʮ˽Ǳսŵˣһնɱ켶ǿߣ궼ټ£ԻĽ֡
һʱ䣬ವƿһٶȼ죬תۼݳԶ
ˣʲôּ
׻һĻԶɵ
ܣ
ɴ
쿴ʮŸǿ߶ߣû˵ʲôֱӶˣʮ׷ɱȥ
Щ˼Ȼ֣ȻͲŹ
һ̣ڰٱӵս֮£ٶҲ˼࣬˲Ϣ޾Զ
ﬣ
ʮеһǰӶ񽣣ֱն¡
۵һѪˮŽ˵ն
߲նʮˣĽƣҪء
ֻ壬ס֣ҵѾߣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
˼
ţ߲һӣֱӽ˵ͷ­飬Ҳն
̫壬һӰһ߲ʽ⡣

ҽ𣬴ž֣һ켶ǿ߱նһ˿ķûС
ʮ켶ǿߣתۼֻʣʮˡ
ǣһҲ
飬е߲𶯣ֱӱӿֲĽƣסʮʮ߸켶ǿȫȫ·ˡ


2082 ͨв
ʥԽֻ֯ضֻضɽͬʱԻ԰ٱսӣ߲񽣷סʮռ䣬Ľ㣬񷶼Ϊ֮ݺݵ¡
ﬣ
̧֣飬߲񽣻Ӷֱĳʮ߸ǿն¡
߲߲ʽ⻮նʮ߸ǿеһˡ
ǿ߾㤣ٶȳǿȴ˲Ϣ㱻â飬߲ʽâƲѹ䣬ֱӹᴩš

ѪˮŲҽнУ켶ǿը飬ͬҲһ١
תۣʣʮǿߡ
ֻ壬㲻Ҫ̫ˣҵȻѡߣαҪϾɱ
һҧɫǳѿ
Щ˷ϻʲôֱӶ֣߲񽣻Ӷâϯʮ
ʮ켶ǿ߾н¶ֵı飬ʥȫ⡣
ֻǣʱ򣬰ٱսӵ̫ǿˣ߲񽣣һնҲŻԵʮķͨת֮Ǳȫն顣
ۣ
߲񽣣ᴩһ˵ţ˵ꡣ
һһӰ콣߶߲񽣣ʮ⡣

ŲʵĲҽдһ켶ǿ䡣
⣬ֻǿʼ
ٱսӣʱ̫ǿˣ߲񽣻Ӷ·ǻԴȪ
סס֣
ֻ壬šŹǣ

ֵͲҽϴѪˮһŽҪնȾˡ
ֻת۶ѣӽնһһ켶ǿߣʣһˡ
ҪɱңҡԸūԸĸ䣬պǲ
˲ʵڲ뱻ɱ
̧֣ɲϻֱӻӽֱĳһǿն¡
ͬʱԶһֻʥӡѹ䣬˽״̬µץȥͨ켶ѹ֯ڴϣ˷ǳ
ͨ켶ǿߣ
ǧ֮⣬׻ɺС̫Աɫʱ򣬾Ȼͨ켶ǿˣҲҪյ
ҲǶݣһ˽һ켶ǿߣֱӳʥȥ
䣡
һΣȻоʥֽ֯ͨ켶ѹ緽ŶԸʮǿǰ⣬Ӷ߲񽣣ʥӡն¡
ת۶ѣһȵʥӡ֮ϡ
һʱ䣬һܣճƬƬı١
ʥӡ𿪡
ͬʱһɣѪˮգֱֽֽӱ顣
Ӳͨ켶ǿ߼ʥӡȻ׼ʵ˰ٱս߲ȴֱش
ֻ壬ʲô
Į֮ϣѹʥӡɢȥһ˳֣ͨ廷ޱȵʥԡ
һͨ켶ǿߣ˿̿죬ĮͬʱҲһ˿ľâΪΪоֻʥΣɢϢȴڳˣǱ߲񽣣ݣǱȻʥӡ
ɣסΣ̫תƷɿ޸ˡ
Ҫ⣡
ͨ켶ǿߣʱ֪ԼǶ֣ȴû˿ɵҲûаηӡ
һ˵ʲôֱ̧֣ٴγ˽еץȥ
ʱĵȻͨ켶ǿߣҲڶʱʹüʵһջǳͨǿҲԵֿ
¶ɱ⣬е߲񽣣ֱӴ߶ޣնȥ
ﬣ
߲ʽâ𶯣ɱ⶯գ·Ҫﶼն飬Ϣˡ
΢ս̫죬е߲̫ˣȻвȴЩȡһ̣еľɫɢȥһߣѹµĴӡøǿЩһƬƬա
߲񽣣һδεնԷͶԷײԷץ档
Էһδεײû֮ͬǰǰ㱻ɣֽȴǱˣңѪˮӿ˳

ǧ⣬ɽ
׻С̫Ҳżֶۻսնɱһ׼ǿߣǺͨ켶ǿײȴǸǶ֣ȫӲӲ衣
¡
˵ʥܷӿҲʱԶգһͨѹǿ߳֡
ĹˣԡԻǿǱܣԵĻǵڶ
ĮһѪ֣Զ̤ٶȿˣֻ˲˽ԣֱ̽˽ϣڵץȥ


2083 ʮͨ
̺֮󣬵ڶͨ켶ǿߵˣʥӿһѪۣʥӡֱ䵽˽֮ϣﱻ˾ŵץȥ
ˣ
˽ųʥԣԼ˴صͨǿߵʥӡ
Ѿﵽͨ쾳ˣµ磬Ȼܹס
ѪΪ֮һȻЩ⣬ʥⱩǣ˽ѹȥ
˽ųǿĻ⣬Ѫ߶ĸǿĴӡʹѪʥӡڶʱͻ˽磬棬ȴܵ𶯣ڽĹУɫʱ԰ЩѪˮ
С
Զ̲סг־ŭֽ
׻С̫ҲżҶŭʱȴʲôҲˣﲻκæǳȥǻңĺȡ
Ҳʱһ߲꣬˹ȥŭѪꡣ

е汻Ѫͷڷ裬ŭɱ⣬ԵЩ壬߲񽣱߶ޡ
וּһһѪѹ˽ֱϡ
Ѫ΢͵һʥӡ񱩵һն飬ң˿˿ƵѪˮƮڿУĿģֱ۱һѺۡ
ֻ壡
죬Ѫһһͨ켶ǿߣȴȻһʥʿֱۡ
˵󲿷־˽֮ڣûмȥ߲񽣣ǣֱۣȼǿ߶ԣ衣

캮߲񽣺ɨ߲ʽâŭնѪꡣ
һȷŵһǿնС
ѪȹƻвĵҲǿԲ⣬¼ʥնµĴƬâĹȥ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һ죬նĽâתۼǱȫ飬ȫɢ
ֻ壬֣ɱ㣡Ǳ鷳
ѪɭȻ
ʲôҲûУʥⱩǣ̫壬߲񽣺նԷ
Ѫɭһߣʥӿƥֱ֮ѹ졣
ֻһ˲ϢѣʥѪˮӿ
ֻǣıȴǲ䣬˱壬ɱ졣
ಣ
ƿ֮һߣ궯ˣѪ꣬ʱ̧֣ʥץ˽е档

ѪɭϢѪͬʱ߲񽣺ɨ߲꣬ʽ⽻߲֯ɫɱ⡣
һʱ䣬һ֮ͨ켶ǿߡ
¡¡ģط˵ʥӿܿʿΪصʿɲ٣ʮ˸ӦĿϢ
ǣǾǡ˵
ЩʿȻǵһʱͿ˽磬Ϊ̫Ŀˡ
˽磬ԡ˾棬ЩʿΪ֮ݡ
ͷˣûŮӣǡתڡԡ
ЩʿȻǿҲҲǴ񼶲ΣȻеģһ˲ǿ¡
ԡȵֵͨ켶ǿߣҲ޾ô
˫ĿŹ⡣
ЩʿȻȻҲ˼սе졢Ѫꡣ
ǡֻ壡
ˣƺǼߺͱڶۣ⣬ֻ徹ȻȻͬʱͨڼս⡭
ΪֻʥΰϢȴȴȻôǿУǱǵȽ򣬼ֱǡ
Щʿ𺳡
ߺͱڶۣȻΪ˵ֻ壬ں᣿
ȥ񰡣
ƺƺڱŮӣߺͱڶۡ
ʿݡ
ԭЩʿص磬ΪƬص׿ռڵ˵ʱ˵ǰЩʿȴûһ˸ǰϾЩʿУǿҲͲʥΣʱͼߺͱڶۣﻹȥ˵ҪȥˣԻһ˲ϢͱĨɱ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰսУһ֮ߺͱڶۣɨ콣â
һѾԵص׵Ϊʱûٴӵص֮ǣԣߺͱڶͨ켶ǿҲûע⵽طĸصźεȵ쳣󲿷ֵľ˽֮ڡ
ﬣ
߲񽣣ת۽֯ƬĽܷ籩ɨߺͱڶۡ
Уû˵ˣһδˣȴͨ켶Ĵʹ޷˽硣
¡
ͻȻԶգ𶯣ͨ켶ѹԻ
ϷӰ֣ǽ֯ͨѹ;Ƭռ䡣
ϷӰ׹⣬ٶȺܿ죬Уת˲伴
ʮӰˣʮѹ


2084 ¸ϵ
ͬķʮͨ켶ǿ߿ʱط˽Աɫ
ǡ㾸ɣͨ
߳ϡ˳ϡųϣʮϣʮһϺʮϣһʮͨ켶̫ϳϣȻˣ
ȫչ֣⣬ͥȻҲˣʮʮ⡭
ڣͨ켶ڲ࣬ҲͽӽǧˣԣȼĴڣн֪
ɡ׻С̫ȻҲɫ䡣
ֻͨ켶ǿߣѾˣⴴȴ˶ʮĸȼĴڡ
ǰʥԽ֯ͥʮ̫ϳϣˣطĿ˽֮ϡ
ĹŵĻ壬ಫԡһɣ٣ͨɹ·ϣ
ĵ
ʮн֯貾âȫ˽ץȥΪڸӦǵϢΪ˶ȡ˵
ҹ
ɭһżߺͱڶۣһ߻Ӷ߲񽣣貶Ŀ߲ʽâţɨʮˡ
ʮĸͨ켶ǿ߽ɫһʱȻǵһʱͿ죬ȴûжΪϾƹĹϵ죬ֻǽĿ˽֮ڣʱ쾹㳯ǻӽһ¶ɫ
ͥʮдԵɱ⣬ͥ޾£ڹȥֻɵֻж棬ǵѾȥ̫̫ãǼѾˡǣʱϾƹͬ㣬ٴɨأᵽ˶ĸоָоޱȵܡ
ܣʼմڣʱ죬ȻǱ˸ӱ
ΪϾƹĵӡ
ΪϾƹͥԼľ棬

ȫһ˫ӼΪ·ܹؼһжһ㡣
˵ţ˺һ֣ն߲ʽȫ顣
붯
ѪȴȫһƬɭ˵ɱ
ȫȻ֪еġָ˽е棬Ҳóڱ˽еתȴȥԵɡ
Ϊ˭
ϣҵȲ㣬øжˣҵȣ
ʮͨ켶ӽԺ䣬ٴζˣץ˽е档
ʮͨ켶ʥܣӿȡ
߲񽣣߶񽣣ᵲʮͨ켶ǿߡ
Ľ⣬鲼ʮ
ʮͨ켶ǿӸ䣬ɭֽǼ˼֣ʥӿ
߲ʽ飬Ѫһʱ䲼ѺۣѪˮ
Ȼɫȴʼղ䣬ȾѪɫĺڷĿ裬߲ųĿĹâʮͨ켶ǿߣʮˣκ˿档

ǧ⣬߬˫֣ԳͶԼޱȳĸײⴴܡ
׻С̫ɫѿŭӣʱȴʲôҲˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һʿһĻǶݣһ̲ס𺳡
תʲôϵΪʲôΪԷƴ
ⲻҪɣǡֻʥΪȴȻһ˵סʮͨ켶Ĵڣ⡭ôģô£⡭
һʿǰһסʮͨ켶ǿߣһš
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ʥܷӿʥƣâ졣
תۣȥ
һʮͨ켶ǿߣϻӶ߲񽣣߲ʽâʮ
ѪˮϽ
ȫͨ켶ѹн¶˾âǿɶͨ켶ĴڰһʥʿȻһסʮˡ
ţʥΪסʮͨ켶ǿߣǿֻ壬Ǳ߲񽣷ǳһ㣬ҲԲõŶԡ
ʵǰݲǲţȷʵˣȻû˵һһȻǲϽˣǣȴĵȷȷһδν£ڶʱ֮ڣȻͻ޷˽硣
ˣǣԼУҲԹ˭Ȼҵն㣬ȡıԴʦҲ޻˵
İ˳ɭ飬Ҳ̰֮⽻֯˳ʥʱ޾ʥ⣬ƺƵĳѹ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ʮͨ켶ڣƵľâ֯ʥűǿȫѹ죬ֱץ츹ҪֱӶֻرԴ
ƥʥһʱ佫ʮռȫ֡
ˣ
ǿֻ壬ٹ죬ƿصֶٶ࣬еǱٿ£Ϊʮͨ켶ڣεֵˣ
⡭ȷʵ㱻˱ԴʦҲȷ޷˵
ΪʲôҪôת
⡭벻ͨ
һʿҡͷ̾Ϣ
ɡ׻С̫ɫ䣬ʱʮͨǿߵĺϻ̫ǿˣԵİ
һʱ䣬Ҳ̲סˣ֪Լ˵ʵ𲻵κãȴ̲ס˹ȥ
󣬼ͬһʱ䣬ƬռڣƵĵɢȥʮͨʥֵ˲Ϣʧ˽ͬҲһʧԭأһ̳ɡ׻С̫ԣʹɡ׻С̫ɵͬʱֹ
ͬʱԶӰϾ顢ꡢѩҹϦ¡Ŷ
ԼһϮȹ¡


2085 ʱ
ɡ׻С̫ͬʱסˣ󣬾Դϲ
ףڸϵˣɲᣬæܵԱߣô
׻С̫ھϲ֮Ҳæԡ
ͻأսʧͬԼ˽һ֪Ȼйأǿռʹ˲Ϣƶˡ
죡
磡
ꡢѩҹϦŮطȻҲǵһʱԣһܣǷŭ
ǵҰУȾѪѺۣϢѾǷǳ΢ˣ·ʱȥ㡣
һϮɫȹЩʵ·Ի߳ˣʱԱߣǰ£дʥԵһʱ֡
һʱ䣬ƶʱһٶȿʼָ
һǿʮͨ켶ǿߣʱ˵ĺأϢѾ˵͹ȣʶЩʣҰѾģˣȴܸӦµˣͬʱҲܸоϾ顢Ϧһˣ񣬶
㡭ˡ
ģĿ⿴Ͼͼˣµϡ
Ȼʱ˵ĺأȴǿ¶Ц
š
µͷϣȻʲôֻĿûƽռǰͣԵ࣬ӿʥԣøŨ
ͬһʱ䣬طһʿȫǶݡ
ǣǡ
˵Ŀ⣬һȫϣһʱ䲻ΪͻأƶȫµסˣףŮһ̣ˣǵգҲݵĴʧɫ
ֱʮЩ˲Լ˽е¡
ֻ壬תȻͻȻƶˣ⡭ô£
ѵǸȹŮйأ
ǸȹŮӣǰ˸ŮӣǸղǡôֵģ
Щʿ죬棬Լ¡ϾͼˣǳԾ
ȻǼߡڶۡԼͥʮҲü
ǿǣҲûܹӦαͻȻƶģҲûзµôֵģΪɻһʱ䣬ûٶ
ԣһĺʥԲӿ죬ƽͣʹľ񼫿ĻָתۼȬֻǾûлָ۷塣
̫˵
Ȭʮָˣһ˵ϡ
û˾ͺãû˾ͺã
ظΡû˾ͺáȻ֮ǰޱȵǡ
ϾѩҹʱҲǳĳ˿һʱǷ
ڸղţ״ʵڲôá
Ⱥ϶
׻ԶļߵʮˣǺ⡣
ͰҲʮͨ켶ǿߣҲǴźŭ⣬һ̣Ŀƶ˽еϡ
벻㾹Ȼǡ
ѩҹУڵľɫͬʱϾŶŮҲǳԾ
ǼŮӣ֮ǰڸ;УΪµĹϵڻûиϵʱǾͿ໭棬֪ǻĹŵתԺ𺳡
ʱƻָĿҲ˽еϣȻоõǵľȣȴûж˵ʲô
棬ɴУƺûʲôӦ˫۱ţ˽֣˾ͷڲϵĳӿȥɫȴЩ԰ףȾһѪˮ
һĻɵ߬˫֣֮ǰڶɣŭͬʱҲ𣬹Լûܻ档
ºκεϲŭ֣Ŀϣ˽ϣûУϣǵѪĨȥ
ǣ
Զڶ۵ݣ֮ǰ˽磬˺ܴûܹͻ˽磬ҰУ¾ֱӽ̯У˽磬·ͬ裬ȻûаֵķӦң˽ǵȿֲܷٻһе˾𣬾Ȼû˵һһ·ٵĻһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬һܸоõ˽ޱȵļͣң֮ǰۿ˽罫ͨ켶ıڶ£ڶ𶯳ǿʥҲûڶʱͻƿ˽ķ׾ٵˡ
£жǿˣ
뿪ʱǽңǣҵΡ
Ҳʱ´ȴδжǾΥ
ʱݣ¡
޿бٶ꣬ΪΪѹΪĹϵ޷ʹӦͬͨ˰㿪ڽԺЩһֱͨ˰Ŀڽ
³׺ɣһ´ʱЦŶµܾûʶˣͦģ֪ʲôʱʶ
ʱôشġʱ


2086 
ʱ£ĿⲻɵЩ
£ˡ
˽ڣ˾ԾޱȣȴҪ£ǣе֣ȴûһ˿һ
²ǵѪ棬վ򼫰ߵˡ
ʮͨ켶ǿߣϿŭǣҲͬƽǰ͡
ף̫ˣƤĶħ
ɿڣŭʮͨǿߡ
ʮͨǿԣɫһͨ켶ǿߣ˳ƤĶħ
ߵĿϣѾͷʲô˵ע
ž
𣬷ǳߵĻ˵꣬ԵĿռͻأŤƵԻԼٶϣֱӽ֮ĺɡ
󣬿ռٴ𶯣ɳȥļ߻סαǺȻ飬ѪˮͬҲûܹ
ǣ
ߣˣ
ʲôռ䣬Ȼ
һĻʱʹط˾ʧɫ
ߣһͨ켶Ĵڣ޾£񣬾Ȼˡ
µǣУûмκ˳֡
ǿͥʮԼ̫ϳϵˣһҲɫ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬첻ɵ΢¡
߸տںȳɱѣȻ֪ڶˣһͨ켶Ĵڣһ˲ͱĨɱˡ
У¾վԭأһ£ֻǣɨ˶Էһۡ
ͬһʱ䣬׻С̫ȻҲ֪ߵǺйأһҲͬ΢£ǿһͨǿ߰Ȼһ۾ͻˡ
ռҰ֮ڣĿռ伴һۻͨ죬⡭
׻סˡ
ɡϾͼҲ֪ʱڶ֣ȴûͬ졢׻С̫ǰ¶ݣΪЩһֱУжǿ
£ȫն
Ͼ麮ûͬƽʱǰǵĳΪС¡Ϊܷŭ
ЩˣȻǰ֣ͼȡǰĵҽϲֳ˵ǰء
ǰͥʮ̫ϳϡڶۡ㾸ɺͨĿʱϣԲˣߵǺйأͫ׽΢
ڶͳдžɫ£ղţɱ
ۣ
ռ𶯣ϱڶۺĻ˲Ϣ֮ն飬Ѫա
ң壬Ҳһ
ûԳʲôŭݣֻǲƽǰͣзƮ
ɫȹڣ΢ΣһضϢɢһ˲䣬ټ磬һʱһƬ谵̶ڲը죬һʵڲΪ֮ҵ𶯡
ɲǼ䣬طȫȫʧɫ
һʿʱĿȫϣʱȴΪĲʵգضѹ
ӭȿֲѹӭѹ±û谵һƬĲ;𶯵磬ЩʿһҲˣһ̼ʧ뷢ͬʱҲʱ֪ˣŵļߺͱڶۣС
Ŀⲻɵþҵ˸ͬʿһ㣬һȫסˡ
ᵽǴĹѰһʱռ䣬öǧʱ⣬ǧʱû뵽Ѿǿȳ̶ȡ
Ϣһĸоˣؼ䣬ڲ
׻С̫Ǻһ𾪣ʱֹסĶ£Ŀ֮ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ͥʮ̫ϳϡ㾸ɺͨҲɫ䣬һ˲亹¶ڲסĿ־塣
һֻ̣ǵѹʹټҪըˣֹסľ㤻ҡңΪҪǣһͬĹޱȿ־壬˳֮ʵ
һˣȻܽͿֲޱȣƿȳ̶ȣ񷶼
⻹𣿣
԰쵽𣿣
ߡߡߣ
ͥһʥҲֹסĲкԶݡ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ϳϡ㾸ɺͨҲľ֣һȫûͨǿӦеǵϺ򶨣ɥ֮Ȯ롣
öãһ̣ʮͨǿߺǲܵסӵȿֲѹҽȳ̶ȵĴڣǼĲ࣬޷
һʱ䣬ವģʮǿٶȿ켫תۼǿ޾Զľ롣
Ҳʱϣ򶯵µƮʮأһҲߡ
µ˲䣬ʮأռ𶯣һʱסʮ߳ȥʮͨ켶ǿڵһʱ䱻ȫء
ͬʱ͵һᴩֱ


2087 ͥ
谵鲼̼ߺͱڶ֮Ҳ˲ϢᴩԵֵǵȿµĹ
쿴ǰĿϣɵ˸
ܸоõڲһ򣬾Բڶֵʱ˵һҲߡȻǸͲԸ
⣬ֱֱǡ
׻̲סĿ
ͨ켶Ĵڣתۼ䣬˲ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬طһΧ۵ʿҲ𺧣̲ס֡
ͨ켶ڣ磬Ҳһǧˣȴתۼ䱻ĨɱͬǱжһնǵȻ棬˼
ֻ壬ʦߣȻôֲĴڣ⣬⣬⡭
ʲôϵ
ǡֻӣ֮ǰǸƯŮ޽ס
֮ǰɻףȻǱطһЩʿˣʱƲºĹϵ
һʿǾºĹϵ𺳺;㤣ͬʱҲһĽͼʡ죬󲻽һֲʦ߾ȻһĲʵǿӡ
¡
֮ϣһ֯һͷͷѹʮء
ͥʮ̫ϳϡ㾸ɺ̲ͨסһɢϢ̫ѹˣֻϢǾſ־塣
Щ˺ʿһΪɶµĳƺ֪ºĹϵ߳ҧѵĿڣҵ֪޾£ֱ棬ҵ뿪жԺȻء
䣡
һ£̼佫߳Ϲᴩ
ûѪˮûвҽУ߳ͬһ壬תʧӰ١
ߣ
̫ϳϽǴ
磬һֻͥʮͨ켶ǿ򣬵ֱһ˱Ĩɱˣ
Ȼʱǿ£ȴȫûΪԼһ߳ϱɱŭеģֻǸŨĿ־塣
Ҳʱٴѹ䣬ʮռˮư㲨
͵ļ˳ϡųϡʮϡʮһϺʮ̱һᴩ޾ľͿ־壬߳ϰ㣬ֱӽ
һĻˣͨ켶ǿߣ֪е·߾磬ȼĴڣÿһǾ춯صĴȴô
ͬһʱ䣬׻С̫ԼطһʿҲΪ֮¡
ʮͨ켶ǿߣˣôˣټ壬ʵʹһ롭
ͨ켶Ĵڣʲôʱ򡭡ôˣ
૵
ҲʱվԭأûκζֻĿЩûƽռͣռĿŤϵ䣬ͥʮ㾸ԼͨһڹΧڡ
ʮ߸ͨ켶ڸ֣ȫ⣬ʥ߶ޣͨʱҪĴ߶ȼԴֵ
ֻǣǿռǿֲˣͨһ֮£ûһ˿һá
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
촫㾸ɡͨԼͥһռ䷨ᴩת۱Ǳ飬ɢҽжûܴ
飡
طֻʣͥʮĸʱӾ㤣㿪ڡ
ֻǣȻûκá
µıûκα仯ҲûκζĶֻĿռ仯ɱϯʮĸͥңϣٴѹ¡
ȹƣǿµ˼㣬ͥȻͨͨ켶ǿǿܶ࣬ȴҲǺѵס
ת۶ѣֱ𱻿ռûᴩǻֽ⣬
ʣµľŸޱȣȼձԴһ߼ѵĵֵռһֹסķ
ΪȻǲȼձԴԻȡǿսȴҲǶ֧Ų˶ãȼձԴǿսסռֻǶһЩʱѣֻǶһʱѡ
ȣ
ͻȻһɿʾͷޱȲɣһɿݵʬ֣߳һɫȣǰһ˲仹ڼԶߣһ˲ͳ˽ǰͥŸǰʹñ鲼Ĳ񷶼Ϊ֮һ¡
ͬʱѹͥľŸĿռ䷨֮Ȼȫ˿ȥ
ͥŸһǴϲ·ڼĺץһݣšˣ


2088 ײ
ɿһۣŹȣѶѾˣ·Ѿǰֻſ˹ײУʬȻûжȻȴʹõصһʿԱɫ
棿ǡͥĹ֮һ
ЩʿͥŸڸɿߵĳƺһǲɵһ
ͥĹ棬֪ȫǹﰡʹ˵е֣
⣬ϼһ
׻ŸɿߣĲһ¡
С̫ϾɵˣҲ΢ʱɫǲɵ΢䡣
Ҳͫһɿߣȥͬ㣬ʱ·һ綼֮ܽɣȴûɵһɾҵľ㤡
ң̸оֻǶԷһ־µĿռ䷨˵Էж£ǸϹ
ǰᵽģͥڲϼһļ֮һ
ͷ΢뵽Ƶ˵ĻͥвϾƹ˴ڣڱˣʱ֮ڲ֡
ڱչѵѾȬˣ
ݡ
谵֯µıû˿仯ɫȹΡ
ͥʮˣ񻹻žˣʱǸһľϲ
Ǻǰλжôǿ󣬵Ǻʹ˵еֶûؼûжܵס
ˣƣˣ
еȫдʵ
ɿѰݣŹȣҡҡͷ죬ݵУһĹںڶ
ֻأӵ治С
ĿڣޱȵĲɣ
ֻһԷĿⶢţ·Լʱһ͸ˡ
ͬʱڶԷĻҲЩɣʲôСֻأӲС
ָֻ£ǣԼܹȻܡ
Ȼܣôֺĵ֮˵
ʲô˼

ԷĻúܹŹ֡
ɿһۣû˵ʲôĿƶµϡ
벻ʱȻܳˡ£ͥĹ棬ǰݵ˫ĿУɵ貵ľâֱ֮֯ʧֿڣϷϧţᣬֻѹ಻ɻǣԡ
£ͥΪͥЧϷɱ㣬ͥϵΨһˣ֮ϣͥԼˣԿǲ
طѾʶɨӹͥŸʶ֪£֪º˵Ĺϵ
⻰һطһʿǱɫ
⣬⡭
һʿŸɿߣ
ǰλֺĹϴڣͥһλ棬Ȼ㿪ڣ¼ͥҸǰȨŵͥϵˣɼԦͺͥһͨ켶Լ콫
ͥľŸҲݣû뵽ԼһĹȾ
˭Ҫͥϰ鳣ȥΣ

ҲĿ΢䣬ȻǲϲԷĻ
ңԷǵȸ߸Ϸ·һжƿе̬ҲǳĲ
û˵ʲôɡ
һ̣֮ϣ𶯣ѹ䡣
ͷѹ䣬ʮضƺҪ߽˰㡣
ɿ߿£˫۰ݣһĨʧܾˣܿϧ
ôɿݵУһɼΪֲϢ·ǳ޾µĻɽһ̱˰㣬ѹȫ顣
漴һ̣֮ص֮ϺѪɫâ֣תۼ۳һѪɫÿһѪɫǽ֯ŵϢ
ط˽һ
򣡡
ɫ
ϰ鳣ȻȻҲƿ򣡶ң񡭡ҲǺƣ
׻
ͬʱɡС̫ԼϾˣҲǱɫ
¡
֮ϣµ͸ɿߵײһһĺ󣬿Ĵһһ˵תȫ顣
ʹٴζݣµ򣬾Ȼĥˣһμ¡
ȻԷҲˣɻ𾪡
⡭
ϾҲ𺳡
ͥŸǴЦ֪ԼһжǿԼһµȫûκε顣
ϧţͥκ㲢顣ɿ߿£Ϣøˣ·һԴȪҪﶼ𣺡ˣΪãֻĨɱ򣬽鷳
Ż䣬һʮؾһʥӰԻȫ֮۶ɣͨ廷Ѫɫ֯Ϣ˵㡣


2089 ಻
ǡǣ
ǣ봫˵еֺ󶼴Ĵڣ⣬ֱ
⡭˭ܵס
ص׿ռ䣬һʿͥʥӰнǲɵ¶ֵı顣
ʥӰȫ۶ɣϣǶôֲɻһˣ
Ҳǵһʱɫ֮һ˲ޱȱ
⣬⣬⡭
׻ɵ÷
ͬʱϾ顢ɵˣʱʥӰҲɫ䡣
ͥ棬ǿƸɿʬڣȻ̺ôֲ֮
ͥŸЦʱ£Ҳû֮ǰļɵͿ־壬˿ϵĿ⣬·ǿһʬ㡣
ɿ۶ɵʥӰֲ죬Ƶǿֲޱȣ֮еһ㣺δȬɱ㹻ˡ£˶٣¿ڣϷһλᣬͥΪͥЧϷɱ㣬ͥΨһˣͥԼ֮ˣԿΣӦϷ򣬱ɻ
һ£ƬռڿϯӺ˵Ϣ·ϣ񷶼Ϊ֮
һɫȹȹڷҡڣźɫķ˿ڷƮ
ı飬Ȼû˿仯ֻƮؼ䣬ûƽռǰͣһֵĮϣ£ΨҶ𡣡
䣡
صѹһʱӿٴξ˲ϢһƬڣһɾϢΪĺᵴȥ
һΪ֮
͵һɿ۶ɵʥӰһʱ飬ϵĿռ٣ͬ˰ɣƬѪˮƮڿУĿġ
һ˲䣬ʿ󺧡

ڲʱձøӻ谵طʿĿȫϣֹסķʿˡ
Ŀֹסľ˸ڶμʩչ̫ǿˣͥ۳ʥӰǿɻһУµ֮£Ȼ˵Ĳһת۱١
񰡡
׻ˣ͡
ȻϾˣһҲɫȫһĻסˡ
ڸղţŸɿ߼ʥӰǱڵܷ£Ϊ۶ɵʥӰĺֲܿǿɻһУȴ룬ֻһ˲ѣɿ߼ʥӰǱ٣ɿ߸˺ɡ
½㵽жǿˣ
ѩҹ૵
ЩһֱΪµʵǳȴǷ֣ǻԶԶжǿ٣ʱչֳԶԶǵ
棬ͥľŸͨ켶ʱšˣ
ǰһ̣һĹʥӰΪˣԵסһԿʬһ£ȴ룬ȫһһĹʥӰ˲䱻飬˺ɡ
־ֺǵĹ棬Ǻʹ˵еְȻδȬȴҲɿֲ񣬾Ȼһһش
ͥɣʱסΣӿѪݵ˫ͫ¶𺳡
㡭
£ţղѾǼȫǧͨͨ켶ǿߺס㹻ɱˣ֣ȴȻ㡣
µıȻûκα仯Ÿɿߣ΢̧
ﬣ
罣֮ɿԣ˲Ϣ֣ɲǼ佫֮ᴩ
ɿ߾ڿѪ
ͬʱһ˲䲼Ѻۣͬѵմɰ㣬ʱܱ顣
ˣ
ͥľŸ̲סֽгǵĹ棬Ȼתۼһαش
Ҳ³һ˲䣬ϣռŤԻ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽֱᴩţֱӽ飬ҽжûܴ
ȫȫɱˡ
һʿ㤾֣ͥһȻʮ̤ȫɱһ˲䱻ȻһֵĹǰȻҲûһ˿һá
ɿ߱ᴩɿݵѪȴûͨͨ켶ǿǰֱϾ䱾ҲƿзǳƵʱɫúѿ𾪣ҲŨŨĺ⡣
һɿݵȻһµķѡ
ܺãܲǳɭµϷȬյˣ
˵ţĿ죬ֱӺˣһѪɫڹԶա


2090 ȫ
ӡȻˡ
ص׿ռ䣬һʿʧɫͥĹ棬ʹ˵е֣ǿޱȣȴȻˡ
춼⣬û뵽ͥǿĹȻѡӶݡ
ಣ
ƿͥٶȼ죬ת۱ǿԶľ롣
̧֣֮⽻֯ϣ˶٣ȴַȥ
ôһ˲Ϣʱ䣬ͥ泹ʧʾͷ
û⣬ĿӸɿ߶ķջأڵĲ񷽥ָǵȺ˵ѹʧѹֵϢҲɢ
ףôɱͷͷҲǺˣЩһ֮ѡ
ʵ
¸ɵͷףɱѡ
ͥ棬ϾƿƵȻĶ֣ҲܸоҪɱԷҲ̫ʵͽ޹¡
มһ¾ˣ£˫ģŮеĻҪܶܶ౶ǸͷȥǺֲܿģƿصôȻҲ򲻹㡣
ѩҹϦΧ˹žɫͬʱҲԵú˷ܼܺôǿȻǷǳˡ
С£㵽жǿ˰
Ͼ
У˽µˣҲЩµľʵˡ
¡
С̫Ʈ˹¼ͷǵĲ˲£ʱôЩټ£ң˵ʮͨ켶ǿȫĨɱȻǷǳġ
쿴£ʱҲû˽ŸУȫˣˡ
¼ʱϵ롣
Щ˵ΪɵϾƹĽôǣܾͱסˣǵȽ֣ܹܡ
Ȼ֪ʱʲôҡͷû浽һܱ棬ûܴ
Ĩɱʮͨ켶ǿߣƺǳʱ»ָƽռǰͣͬһº͵ľȪ
Цοңʮͨ켶ǿߣΣҲסġ
ܡ
µ
ﲻ࣬ͣȫûиɿζ·ڳһʵ
쿴͵ıУ档
ǣپ⡣
ðɣ˵ܾܡ
Ц
ѩҹˣʱ֮棬Щ׵ļ˺ͺѣͦ˵ġ
ºͼ˼£󣬽Ŀ䵽˽ڵϡ
벻ѾͷͷȻôתͨ쾳ˡ
Ͼ
Ŷͷ⡣
ǰ˭õ㣿

һˣʱվ˽ԣΪе滤̣Ҫʱ䡣
ʱһ˶ܷɣûнź;ܣΪ
ܻһʿʱ򣬸ˣĿⶼϡ
ֻ徹ȻǰֲӣĨɱͨͨ켶ڣֱնݻҪ򵥣ֵͥ棬ƵӶݡ
һʱ䣬һ˵ĿֶϣһǴĽͼʡ
µ˽ԣȻעõЩ˵Ŀ⣬δ⡣
׻ƫͷһʿʲôôҲյ
һʿԣʱ
ү˵
;;;;;;ǣңǡǾû˼ûУ
ҡߣϾߣ
Ű׻ĻһʿŵĻ궼˳ողżƬ̼Ĩɱʮͨ켶ǿߣͥĹ涼ƵӶݣԭʮͨ켶ǿҪȡյҽ˵ĺأ׻ȻǣЩʿֱҪҪǱλĲʵĴˣȫ군ת۾Ͷȥ
һʱ䣬ವģƬƬƿһʿת۱˸⡣
طһ˲Ǳÿտࡣ
ͬʱҲžࡣ
ˣΧ۵ĸо̹ܲ
׻
û⣬һߺµΪ滤һЩǾ¡
Ҳ֪һΪº̤ͨˣѾ֪ͨ߳˶ԶϾͼǴʥΡ
ˣطص֮£ƺɣ취£
˵
⻰һȴ⣬Ͼ˶һ
ط
һȻѾ֪Ŀռ磬Ҳ֪ǺεȺ嫵磬ʱطĵصףȻǶԾϾȺ嫴ǿǷͬһ㣬̺޾ܡ


2091 
²ûдӦþƬ򡣡

֮ǰ̽ĵصףȻûͿȴңӵص׼ȡǰ㾪˵ԣ²⣬طĸص֮£Դ
ϣˡ

طͨͨ켶ǿ߶ҲĪĺôܹУڶʱʹΪʵԴ
£һΪ滤ȴɹ̽Ѱ
쿴˽ڣ֣صӿϣ˽УûΪ˽类ƶ˶ӿ롣
ʹٴΪµʵ֮ǰɡ׻С̫ߣȴûƶ˽磬Ϊһƶ˽磬ʹõص׵ӿ룬Ӱƶ˽磬ȴȫûӰӿ룬ֶʵںܾˡ
ͷһ룬ͥǵȺֶδĴڣ¸ˣҲת۲Ϊ˶ˡ
ǱȲ
ɵЦ
ºǿԶǿڣ޷±ȣȴû˿٣ԼôǿΪʲôҪ٣еֻǸ˺ͽ
ͬʱҲǽ֯տտľâҪӵŬˡ
ˣ
˽У˾ԾŻһ𣬲ϵĳӿȥ
µΪ滤תۼ䣬չȥ
պһ죬˽֮ڣ˾ͻȫڣľޱǿʢΪﵽʥһΡ
ͬһʱ䣬˽綶Ҳһûڣתۼʧ
Ƥ΢΢˼£һ˫ۡ
ˣ
ɹ
һ˽΢ϲ
˽ڣ˫ĿлӰһ˲䣬ܵĻȼգת۱ʧ񽥽ãùɴۡ
죬½㡭һˣִԼң⡭
ɹԺж˺ܶ䣬ȻЩɢļƬȴҲ֪£٣֪ԼǰǻĹǰʱת
Щ𾪡
㻹㣬ۼҵ档
ЦŶ
ɹں˵ĵԺж䣬ȴٲȻһΪ˸ûκα仯û˶»ˣʵЩˣϾ棬һ棬Ҫġ
มร˶٣ͷţڵң
Ժжļ䣬ûκβʣԸǺһÿʡ
ϦҲܸˣ֣˵õġ
˵ԡѾɹôֻǲʥһأ
׻ͻȻʵϾǰʱȻûɹǣǸʱƺѾ̤ͨ쾳ˣʱ޾֮һԡɣȴֻﵽʥһأЩŹ֡
ϾתҪһ˲Ϊָ۷壬Ȼ̫ܣҪʱָ֮󣬴ﵽͨΣӦòķ̫ʱ䡣

׻ԣ˵ͷòЩ
ɹһ˲䷢㶳Ծ󣬶ȫûȥǰˣͬԼ˵ǰ㣬ֻһ档
һΣܳܳΡ
µΧһ𣬱ɺԡʱĸоô˵
һۣӹȥ
Ӻʱһ˵˼ά䵽ϡ
ͻƲ֮ڡ£ˡ
ţµʵܹ
µͷе΢ڽ֯ûصס
ʮȥڽ֯΢⽫һ˰˲Ϣʧ
󣬼ֻһ˲䣬һ˳ڸص¡
໣
쳹ϣǰһͷʣΪ̫޴ԸͷںδҲβںεأֻϳһͷ֯޾ܡ
ʱ䣬һ˽΢⣬ȫ¶ɫֶǾϲ
ûˣ
׻ķ
˫Ŀн֯貾âӦȫȷﲻ֯޾ܣлĵ֯ǳˡ
Ȼû

ĸӦԼĲ²⣬ȫȷ

һ̣뿿طëƺҪſʹڵѪҺʥ·Ҫ˰㡣


2092 ƶ
ǵ̫ˣʹ첻ò𺳣Ũȣ֮ǰȥȫûа취ȣ֮
⣬ǣǡ
׻ˡ
վԣǵȺ嫵ʹоԼ̾ҪΪͻˡ
ϾͼҲǶݣнǴžâ
ͬȺ嫴̫Ƿˣ
ȡ
ƽ˵
̺˵жǿᣬǶԣô޾
£һ˾һһתžС
ûн֮ڣΪ̫ˣͨǿ£û˸ֱӿУܲǵᱻ˲ѹ顣
¾վһԣΪ˻Ѿûá
ˣ
ת̫ľܵͬ籩ϯûڡ
ʱ䣬ĽɫʥøӵŨŷɿ
ʹͷ𶯣ʱоΪڷɿ
֮󣬽ֻʮʱ䣬΢һɰӿ
Ϊʥ̤ʥ죡
ʹЩ𺳣ܿҲָֻƽϾʮʱʹʥشﵽʥأΪ̫ˣҪΪԭѾʥ۷壬ʱпͻƣһȻʹת۴ﵽʥء
Ϊﵽʥأһ˲󣬼̫ľ
ͬʱʥĻݻʹʥתۼɢǳ貵ĹâڣɽľԽԽ࣬ϢԽԽŨ
ʥɳڣȵԭʼϢŷӿڣ켳ȡڵһǿʹȣĸӿ졣
ˣ
⣬ɫʥâһʱøӻ
Ϊ
һۣʱȥ
¡һΪٴͻƣʥﵽʥΡ
ⲻò˵̺ʵ̫ˣ̫ˣֻǶ̶̵İʱʱѣȻʹʥﵽʥ졣

ԴˣȻӦЩȴתʹԼƽԸٶȼȡͬʱҲݻʥ
ڣʱҪݻʥ֮ϣȵԴԴϵӿʥ֮ڣʹʥһӾ˵ٶݱͳɳ
ģʶûʥ֮ڣʥڵʶҲųɳ
ʥ򲻶ϵݻɳڣӿ֣ڽ֯ӵ֯ʥ֮ڡ
¾һԣĵâ͵˫е΢⽻֯
ԴˣȻ֪ʱʶ뵽ʥ֮ڣʥĳɳͬʱҲӦӿʥ֮ڵâΪȵâӿ룬ʱʥﾹԣָо·ڳâĤݡ
⵽ʲô
ͷЩ
ЩԼĸķѵʱ䲢٣࣬ȴʼû͸ȵʲôԽǸȥǾȵԽ嫣Ū
˵ȵȿռʱҪǿǣƺûĸо
ô£
оŹ֡
²˵ѣȻ³ȵȿռʱǿǾһȿռʱǿǣȴδȵӳȿռʱ仹ǿ
ѵֻн֮ƿȫʲôܷӳܣ

ڤ룬ҲֻɲǶѣǾͲٶˣҲ벻ס
Ժ󣬻ʱ
а󣬼֮ϡ
һʱ䣬ʥĳɳø죬ľҲŸӾ˵
ˣתۣʱȥľһΪﵽʥء
ʥԣøŨ財
Ҳʱӿڣ΢һģʶ֮С
һҽ֯޾λãһ߲ʹԴ˸
Ƭ
ͷ;
֪ʱʶΪʲôͻȻĻ棬ȴܿ϶ǻе߲ʹԴԾǽƬ
ʲôط𣿡
һȻͻȻõĻ棬ҵһ齣Ƭ־ϲ
໣
ͻȻʹʶеĻ飬ңҲ͵һѪһ𷭹ɵֱۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɡꡢѩҹϾԼ׻ˣʱҲͣѡ
ôˣ
׻󾪣ղŵ㽫궼飬ʱڿ
ûпڣһʱɨ֣һ˫۶ɵõɴˡ
ʱһȦʥԽɵֻУµʥʥȦڣȻʱˣŵʵһ㣬Ǵ׳ֻεص׳Զڶȥ


2093 ˣ򸴺
Ȼˣʹ춯ݡ
֪һЩǻƶģȴǵһۼ¡
Լ֪ˣΪ֮ǰԺлͻȻ̺ƬĻ棬ҲƶнƬƬһЩӡڣȡ񽣱ҲԼʶ֮УԴеǵȻ档
ԱߣԼС̫ҲһҲǵһμƶ
ɡɾˣ
׻ɴ˫ۡ
໣
ƶû˿Ϊ۶ɡ
˶Щˣƶٶȷǳ죬ƶĹУΪܶ˷ǳ˵ĻϢת۱ʧһ˵Ұ֮С
ܣ˲Ϣû谵ࡣ
쿴Զȥķ򣬲֪ΪͻȻƶ룬벻ףԹҡҡͷٶ롣
ԣȻֻ˼ʱջȴǼʥشﵽʥأʥ˷ǳ˵ĳɳս֮ǰǿ̫̫ࡣ
ˣС̫Ϊﵽʥ죬׻ﵽʥ죬ɴﵽʥ죬Ͼ顢ŶǴʥδﵽʥ˲Ρ
̶̼ʱʱ䣬һ˵Ϊ˷츲صı仯ⲻò˵̺̫ǿˣ֮Ϊٶȿһ
棬Ϊûʲô仯һȡǰɹΪչؾޣܵȶòǺܴ
߰ɣȥ
µ
µͷʥ԰һˣ΢΢˲Ϣʧ·
һ̣ǳϷĵص׿ռ䡣
Ѿûʲôˣֻ㻹֮ܿǰս¡
Ƭص׿ռѾûҪ£쿪ڣкһ뿪ú뿪ص׿ռ䣬̤ԭ
˵ǸϵҲѰ𣬿ϧûѰ
׻ĵ
ҡͷ⵹˵׼˵ҲѰˡ
ţ׻ɻ󣺡ǱѰͷûһôѰ
бһۣӴ֮ǰƬ򣬽ֻǼ΢һѣص׿ռ£ضҲһʣͷܹѰֵ
׻ԣжʱһĨ΢⣬˼ò
Ȼ

뵽ϵʿö׹ǣǶоʵڲһ㡣
Ǿʲô

ö׹ǣǰһƵġ
ڴˣҲûиȥ⣬Ͼ벻н
µһ𣬺ܿ뿪ԭط
ԭջ˵ǳľ޴
ǳµ뿪ԭʱûȥ£Ǻеͬһ㣬߹һƬƬɽ
һ㣬Ѿֿܶˣ۵һ𣬿˵Ƿǳˡ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
һʱûʲôҪ£һֱе档
ǻȥˡ
һ죬¿ڣôҪɺǻʮȥ
΢㶣Щ⣺ȥһ𣿡
ҡͷ᣺С
ԣ΢ʱʹһů
һ̣֪ʲôµǿͥĹ涼Ƕ֣֮ߣܻȻȻķԼʧȥΣոкͽŸУˣٶӰУлвõĵط
ͬʱµҲ뵽ˣɵ˸ţҲһЩӰ죬֮еĹн󲿷ֵľŵϣҪɵҲߡ
лл
̲סǰӵ뻳С
ʵŮӣݺΪʧʱӴӸһɽͷһվأĬĬĿ
ǿͥĹ涼ɵӶݵŮӣķǧĹ޼Ϊֻضֻضɽ
ҪǻʮҲֻΪ˲УΪ룬жж֪˵ʲôֻ뵽лл֡
ˣ򸴺
Ǽˣ˵лһȥġ
ͷ
ɺǸ£ؼ䣬м˿вǣܷġ
Ǹ£ԶȸҪá
ͣҪǵãȫһ
һ죬´뿪֣һµĿռֱʧ硣


2094 
쿴´뿪ʧǰ΢΢ЩʧʵЩᡣ
ܿ죬Ҳͻָоâ֯
Ҫǿٶȱǿ
ôˣ¶ãۿԺɨˣѰһǿ
׻ֹ
̫ǿˣ£磬ߵκεطԺƹȥ
࿿ԼɳϢ㣡
б
С̫ƮһԣĻ԰׻Ϣ㣡
׻ۣүûʲô־Ż;վ̹ɡ
ûס߷ôûϢĻȻ˵ôֱ׳
վԭأ˶٣к׻С̫뿪
ȥʲô
׻һԣʵ
н֯âУ򡣡
֮ǰȡУõµĽƬǵȻУ֪˽ƬƬ
֪֮һ㣬Ϊڸ׻ڵȴʱż磬󲿷ֵ֪ļء
µĽƬǴƬ֮ڣƬ
ɶȥģ׻ۣˣ
׻ڵʮҲļأһƬǳµĵطｻ֯Źشͬһ㣬ǸطᱻѹУʿᱻȵΪһ
ԹƬҲ֪˶پǿߣĹżأͨ켶ĴڣʮƬ֮С
棬нƬĴڡ
ô
ʶе߲񽣣˺ǶѾ֪Ҳ֪һֱѰҽƬ
׻ԣݣǱĽƬ⡭ô֪
һԵС̫Ҳ¶ɫ
ûжЩ£򵥵˵¡
⡭׻סˣֺԣƬµĺܰͨ켶ǿȥ˶ѻų֮ǰô¹һȥȽǽƬҳȻǻʮ򰡣
ڹżϿĹּأûɵĶһ¡
ˡҲûʲô࿿Լ˵ҪжΣգõķ룬磬˵޾ĵرһЩĵرͨǿ߶۲˵Ǿõ䱦
׻̲סƲ죺롣
쵭Цû˵ʲôȴǷǳصģϾƬȷȷʵʵʲôƵأΣա
Ȼˣȴûмɵηӣ෴տտľâ֯
棬нƬĴڣΪ˽Ƭȥͬʱ´ɺ뿪ǰ˳ŵһᾡǿøǿǿԣȻΣգͨ켶ǿ߶˺ܶУҲҪȥ
Ҫǿ
ǿ·ϣܺΣաӭѶϣη壬һֱ·
£һ죬Ű׻С̫ȥ
λ򣬾ĵطǷǳңԶһ·նУٶȷŵĺܿ죬ͬʱҲһȹ̵
֮ǰȻǳǵΪͨĵرΪͬʹȣ֮ǰȴڼ̵ʱ̫ΪΣԣǵöΪһΪȻȻҲͻʹõøȹ̡
ˣһ߼նУһΪת۱ǰʱȥ
ʱ֮һ죬ǰǧ֮һƬɫĽϿκεɫֲһƬߣɫ֮ϣ˿˿ƵĻţĿܹķΧǳޣʶ̽кתۼʧ
ˣ
쿴ǰоâ֯
ǧ֮⣬Ƭɫһ
ԭض˶٣к׻С̫ǰúԵλá
ͨ켶ǿ߶֮ɫľأǾȻҪүǡ
׻ɥ
룬ҪСһңҳȥѰǡ
ȷʵգ룬ʵԼһȥˣûбҪð׻СһԼһȥա
˵ʲôأүȻûʲô־ΪսԶԶȲ㣬ȥ棬Ҳǰﲻʲôæǣүȴث֣һȥ淸աҪȥүȻһȥҲһ档
׻۵
ѽС̫Ҳڣģȴ棺һȥ


2095 
Ű׻С̫Ļģ˶٣ɵЦˡ
Уһ𣡡
Ц
ĻսѣǿûйϵҪ빲
£飬Ҳ룬к׻Сֱ̫ӳڿȥ
ת۶ѣͰ׻С̫ǿС
ͬʱҲʱԶмʿɿһĻ
ֻ壬ǡȻ̤򣿣ʲô𣿣
ǸֲŮӣôûкһ𣿣
⡭
ǰԭһս߳תնɱʮͨ켶ǿߣͥĹ涼ƵӶݣѾ磬Ϊ֮𺧣ʱ⼸˼ȴûм£Ǿɡ
ң⼸ʿһʿͥеķΣΪ֮ͥˡ
ȲЩٻֻͥǣ
ߣ
˿ڣžɫ
ǰЩӣͥд£ֻ£һ֣Ҫһʱ
£˶Լٶ뿪
Ϊʥ˼ΣٶȲúڸһ֧֧ͥͥڵĴﵽĵͥ壬ϡ
ȥ򣿣ӵǲС
ͥ壬һΰĵڣһ϶Ǵźɫ
Ϊ죬ͥϾƹ棬ǰ߳תĨɱͥʮͥһشӻأ
ͥ磬ֻ޾ǰгԹԹѾܾûˣں̵ܶһʱڣΪĹϵΪϾƹΪ¶ʮЩͥʱнԴɱŭ⣬ˣȻȻͷϡ
ȥƬ򣬺ܺãǳã
ƬѹһУȻֶΣҲ֪﷢£ǸŮ˲ߣʦ಻ڣ޷Ӧ֮£ȥѹ֮ʱκ£
λˣú󶼽̳أλһȻʦŮҲټɵֺ
һδ֮ܽѹһΣƬ򣬿˭ܱ
ٶȿһЩ̫ȡֻرԴӰܴ⣬̫ĵطҵȥˣпѣ
ΰĴʱվžŸʱ򣬵Ƕˣ

֮ڣƣ죬ǱѪˮȾһ㡣
Ͱ׻С̫̤ʱѾ߳˺ԶԶ˽Ե

˿˿΢Ʈţн֯ɫ˸оЩɭ䡣
һУǺܽһ߽䱸ܣһСǰС
ϾһΣյĺܣñʮֵľС
򣬹ȻѹһУүʵڱѹƵԽԽˣܷӳʥսˣȫתⰡ
׻
ѽ
С̫СצӣٲȻǱźͰ׻һ˼ʱʵǱѹˣͬ׻һ㣬ֻܷӳѹʥսҲת
ԣ΢ǡѾڱѹˣ
׻ͷͻȻ컰еһ˼ʵ⻰˼ѵһҲûܵӰ죿
ûС
ü
֪ѹһУкΪ͵ᱻǣӽڣȴûܵ˿Ӱ죬սɴ״̬ʥתתǴ۷ˮƽ
ԭΪǻδ̫ԶżмصǵȶԽеʿʵѹƣûпʼԲû⣬ȴû뵽׻С̫ȻһͿʼڱѹˣɡ
˶ʥת⣬Ҳ֯ڹԻ⡣
⡭ûܵһӰ죿үСһսɶѾʥѹƵʥΣʶ޷ʹ˰⣬Ȼ
ʥ˳磬׻˫۲ɵõ˼ı飬쾹Ȼûܵ˿Ӱ졣
С̫ȣ׻һ㣬ֱӵԲ˫ۡ
ѵ̫ǿﵽ򣬻ѹƵ㣿
׻־ɡ
ҡͷ˶٣ȥٿ
ôк׻С̫䱸ܣɻǰȥ
ܿ죬ӹȥһ߳˺Զ̤ǧɵľ롣
ط׻С̫ѹƵĸˣսѾֻɼˮ׼
УȻܸоһεĹ·һصıԴѹһУһС
ȻȴɲӰ죬ʥת磬ת˳սǴ۷ˮ׼
ط콥ӦԼȴѹƵԭ
ڣӿ֯ѪƬǵȿѹһеι


2096 
⡭
춯ݣ壬Ȼȫǵιѹơ
¼򵥺Ͱ׻С̫£ҲǶݡ
⡭˲ð
׻ۡ
һԶͨ켶ǿжܵ޴Ӱ죬Ϊսᱻѹƣ޷תǣȻȫס죬ʹвһ˿һӰ죬ʵЩˡ
Ǵȥ䲻ֻǰ㾪춯أҲ˾°͡
ȻֵΪʲô£Ǹͷ
ɵȸԾͷ˼֣вӰ죬ʱʱ̶̿ʥصսͨʥնɱǶԣǼ¡
ѽ
С̫һֻСצӣ۾ģٲȻڸͰ׻ʱĻ
첻ɵһЦҲǲɵ÷˼֣ȷʵһ¡
ߡ
к׻С̫ǰƬĴλȥ
ԽԽǰУڣƳĻɫԽԽŨϢø˼֣ͬѩԨ£ιøˡ
߹ɶ룬׻С̫սѹƵֻ𼶲Ρ
죬ȴɲ˿Ӱ졣
СӣԺûʱȥǸвĵȵ㿿Լʲôʱ򣬻үãܷӳҪֲ
׻
ãʵЩǷȻûзӳֲսȴƺӵĿԡ
ͷȻѾˣ֮ûʱŲȵʲôĵ
ѶȣҲǺܴ
һ㣬ǳ
£ԭԵĶ˶٣к׻С̫ڶȥ
ܿ죬гǧɣǰһЩǣѪˮѾɣɿݵʬϣԼ仹˿˿΢⽻֯
ǰ׼ǿߣ׻ݣǱʲôҰϮ
ЩǶǲȱģȱ˿ڲ֣ԷֱеצɣеǿõӡǵӡצӡԶ¡
ͷȻҲһ㡣
䣡
ͻȻط𶯣ƿһ޴ѷ죬һͷͨ鲼ë޿ʹңʨͷһǣѪ
ͷ޳һʱſ˻̶һһ쫷硣
ң֮󣬸޴ӵص׿ֻͬʹСһתۼϰͷ
ɿʥ
׻Щʲôޣżȫû޵ļأȴܸоǵʵͨʥʿ൱
΢Щ޵ݺצӣٿŵϵһѸɿݵĲȱʬЩˣƺޣһľѪ
ЩʬϵӡצӡЩ޵צԱ֮ȫǺϵ
ô᣿Щſʥôɱ׼ǿߣ׻üһ̱ǷӦˣѹһУ׼ǿߴΧطҲ;߱ۼʵԣסЩޡ
ͷˡ
µ˲䣬ӵص׿İͷ޶ˣȫн֯ɺѪâ·Ǽصʱ˿ɿڵ
׻৵һ¾󣺡Сӡ
ѽ
С̫Ҳ
սòЩޣǵսѹƵֻ𼶲ΣȻǵסЩʥޣֻǿˡ
ͷûʲôĶָᵯʱдƬĽɫ
۵ģת۶ѣͷȫѪ
壬УȫӰ죬սʼմ۷״̬ͨʥҲնɱοһȺʥޡ
ԭض˶٣к׻С̫Ĵȥ
µĽƬƬ
ԽԽĴȥԽӵ䣬Щѹֵĳء
ȥʱֿɾ룬׻С̫սѾǱѹƵֻˮ׼
ʥѹƵƬ򣬼ֱܽʿѹΪˡ
׻̲סп
ѽ
С̫Ҳ棬еιѹƣʵһַǳ¡
쵹ûʲôӦսǴ۷״̬κӰ졣
Ͱ׻С̫ǰУеĻøŨǰһž޴ĹԳĿֱ˹ȥŰ׻Сֱ̫ӳȥ
ܿ죬Ű׻С̫ǰǰһƬɫɳأвʬкɢڸһľӨ񱻺ɴһС֣ڡ
ѣ
쵱һ׻С̫ҲǶݡ


2097 Ŵѹ
ѣΪɢ󾭹һЩԭ۶ɣԽɳ۳ɵѣֵԽˣӵгЧ
ѣɢľ۶ɣֵԷǷ
׻˫ֱŹ⡣
Ǹ貾âȳγɵѣһڳ˵ĵر
ͬʱҲ˶뵽һ棬ȻоƬ򣬲ӡĽƬĻ棬ң۳
ǰѣ˶٣ֱӻ֣֮ȡС
Ѹһ֣ʱоɵ̹
Ȼ
̲ס
ȻֻСֵȴǳˡ
Ƽ侢΢ֱӽСѳݣݷֱݸ׻С̫
ǵΪܹһء
ңѲֻΪãܴѪ⡢ǺȣЧ÷ǳࡣ
ȲøǣھǣҲûа취ʵѹˣ׻ݹѣ˫ۺȴûнܣ˵һΪ̤ʥ𼶲ΣҲܱøǿ֮̽ѰҲǱҪģϾǶֻܿ㡣
ѽ˵Ķԡ
С̫ĵͬ׻㣬һѡ
ǴУʵѾѹƵѾûʥͬʱգ֮ض᲻ѹǵʵѣڵǰԣҲ𲻵κá
ǣȴǲһ֮ȫӰ죬ֻҪʵиǿӦԺĸΣڵǰԣȫѣѵѡ
ԣ룬ͷã֮Ѱĵرš
ʱûн飬Ϊ׻ĻȷʵǺе
Ҹ԰ȫЩĵط
˵к׻С̫뿪طǰȥ
ط鲼źɳȻʥ켶ʶɨܣоκΣգǣѡ뿪ȥطѡ
ΪȻطоΣգȴŴѵʬЩӦǵ뵽ǿߣΪҲ׼ϣȼô˵˵ﲻôȫԸ֪Σء
£뿪طúһɽ
ɽûʲôֲ꣬춯֣һߣܲһһķ󣬸Ϣй漴ڶ¡
ϥ£Ͱ׻С̫򵥵ת̫ľѡ
ˣ
̺޾ƬȣƬӿڣһΪһʹѪǵȽΪ֮ǿ
ͬһʱ䣬ʥгѶɳɽľȽǱԽԽǷ
ȱ仯ȻӦĵȴԵúԼʼձƽС
ˣʥԽŨһٶ
תۣʱȥ
ʱѱȫϣ⣬ʥԱ֮ǰŨʮҲǿʮʥɳĸӾˡ
һ̣ʥ򻺻ûڣʥԣҲ֮ڡ
ܺã
˫ۣâһû
ѣʱǿ౶ʥøˣӻΪ˴ȻʱǴʥ£ȴΪ֮ûʱ̤ȥ
ֻ֮ҪԸ⣬ʱ̤ʥΡ
ô
ͣ׻С̫ǰ׻ʵ
ʱ̤ʥΡ
Цվ
ڻʲôϽҸطɽ٣׻ԣоϲɹʥ٣ʵһʵķԾ֮򣬽ɡ
ͷҲôģŰ׻С̫뿪ɽߣ׼ɽ١
񣬴ƬûбҪȥѰʲôɽ֮أ⸽ɣ⸽㹻տҲõĻǣ޹顣
䣡
ͻȻԶʥ𶯣֮ڵĻɫɢŵӰ
̧ͷȥһϳˡ
ͬʱ׻С̫ҲǶݡ
ĽҹƽŸ϶
׻ɫû뵽ͥŸȥȡֻرԴͨ켶ʱȻط
ŵƿĽȾһαһʮ֮⡣
ֻ壬ҵˣ
ڣӱ䡣


2098 ׷ѹͨ
쿴žˣȻϵǡ
ЩȥֻرԴϾƹϵЩС
ǱӻȻ׷׷ôҶ֣
ۣʵ
ʶӦ£Ȼͨ켶Ŀǿߣ֮ȴҲǱѹˣʱ򣬾Ҳֻܿʥǿߡ
ӱΪҵǰΪ˺Ʒ۵
Ϊͨ켶ĴڣƽգȻǿֻ壬ҲֻǻĮԶԣ㿪ڡ֮ˣΪϾƹг˴Ͼƹ޾⣬⣬Ȼϡ
ҪҶ֣ЦǲʦͻȻ׹ǣ
򣬸һУûܴӦ
˼ҲǺˣﶯ֣Ͼƹᷢ֡
Ȼ˵˼ɴЦ
ǾãʦӦƬڣǾΪΪѹңڣð׻С̫ԶһЩһ߹ȥ뷨ܲϧֲǰá
ȥŵʵȻΪʲô֪ҽƬڣڣʵ˵ͦ˵ģΪԽ׵
˼ȻԼĻһһһʥ󱲣ǾŸͨ켶̬ԡ
㣿׵ǣϣ㵹˵ĽĵսûбѹƣɴʥйأʥսԱѹ˵ҵȣȻǲֵһᣬֻһֻ΢϶
䣡
ͻȻ֮ϣͻأը죬ĽĻϡ
һ̣Ŵֱ̤ʥ𾳣һʱʥ췣
¡¡ģ֮ϣһ޴еһʱ両֣׹ѪɫһһԵϢǵض£һɹɵ쫷硣
ʥ׷٣еĿˣ
׻С̫ʱѾ˳˺ԶվԶɵЦ
¡
ø̶
Ѫɫ罻֯ɫУһͷͷѪɫŭҪһС
ǣ
ոջһĽʱɫֱӱˡ
ͬʱ߸ҲǶݣȫʧɫ
ʥ𼶵׷㡭̤ʥ𾳣
ŭ
ֻͨɾ٣ѾʲôܣȻ֪ʱŲϵĹ׷ɫԱòÿ
һ̣ܹо׷̺ܣʥ۷ҲܿսѹƵֻܿʥʿǶԣȫһѣֱӱ˻УЩˡ
յϣ
ˣ
ɫɭԷǳˣ¹ϣжϵԼ˴ٷΧºΣպѵֵ£һʱѡߣֱӳȥ
ͬʱҲˣΪ췽Ÿ̬Ǿˡ
ѹҵʲôЦһֱӳž˱ƹȥѵãһɽ١
䣬¡һһ׷ֱ£Ϣš
׷䣬ɽߵƶƶ˽ǰʱ׷ѹǰžŴһûС
¡һܣһĿѣոǱֱ
ļɣѪˮŽ嶼ǸֳѺۡ
ֻض壬һ׷δ˵ֺ
ͨ켶ĴڣȻô
ȾѪɵĶˣĿڣźڵĳ
סΣ죬һ־ŭ
Ҳû뵽첻ƬвӰ죬ûбѹƣΪﵽʥΣʱȻֱӿʼɽ٣һѹ׷¡
ҧٴ룬ȥҪⳡʥٵķΧ֮ڡ
ΪѹƵսʵ̫Σˡ
쿴žˣ΢һǿ˹ȥת
䣡
תɫһֱӽûңΪתԭ򣬲ϵͨѪɫ类ǣźɫһ𣬽;ŴһûС
һʱ䣬۵ģѪˮŽŴٴκɣѡ


2099 ټϵ
ѪˮƮڿУ㴥ĿŴͨסΣһľŭ
ǵ״ȥƺ̫á
Цתͨ廷źɫһȥ
Ȼ̬ŸŭͬʱɫһƬɭǿͨ켶Ĵڣͥһʱտʥ𾳵ʿȴ̬
ϣҪ̫ˣ
캮мźڵɱ⣬аˡ
ƫͷˣ˲Ϣ˽ǰֱһȭ¡
ˣ
һȭû飬ֻضʮսͬʱȭ߶ޣȭ֮
ͺֱӳƬʥԣҼǿͨһȭӭϡ
ȻȴûκãΪʱսǿȣֻʥεʿ൱ʥԺתۼǱ顣
漴ȭͷƲֱؿڣؿں䴩дӿ۵һķ飬ֻһ屣
Ц˵壬Է˿ϢĻᣬֱѹȥ
һɿˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ĽȰ˴ǿ߶֣ԶǼǿ죬칥ꡣ
쳯Űɨһۣڰ˵Ĺ˿Ҳ⣬ȫѹȥ
ˣ
Ҳʱ¡һ𣬵ڶ׷֣Ȼѹ
ֱֽӽûûͬʱҲûĽѹǰֱӸ٣ȴ˿Ҳû˵챾ˣΪʱ̫壬˵ڶ׷֮
һ̣絽ǰӡֱӳ
ͷӡϢתʱʹ͵ľвɵ¶˾㤵ı飬̲סеס֣
Цס֣
ټ
³ô֣ӡĸȥֱڶԷ֮ϡ

ŭ֮Ͳҽ֮ͬʱһ˲ʧӡ֮£
һʱ䣬ĽͶ˽ǲɵһǾŴǶҪѹ죬ȴɱһˡ
Ƿֺط򵥵ıնˡ
ͨ켶ǿߣ桭ˡ
ԶֵķΧ֮⣬׻̲סһ֪նɱΪƬѹˣֻܷӳʥʵȴɻ̲סļ¡ϾնǸͨǿ߰
С̫ĻӶСצӣٲȻΪʱնɱ
ͬһʱ䣬һͻأ𣺡Ӵ͸ɵһͨ켶ϼһ
첻ɵõݣΪǳϤֱӳԴȥ
ǰһŵ۵߲֪ʲôʱֵģһɫĴʯϿߣȻϵʿ
׻С̫ȻҲǿϵʿһҲǲɵ¶ɫ
ô
ʵͬʱвɵһĨâΪʱϵʿоˣԷľƺһҲûбѹƵĺۼ֮ǰԭµĵص׿ռоĶԷϢû˿û˥˵ĸо
ûϵҿϷϵʿܸɴڴʯЦʥʿ׷ɱͨ켶ϹŶ¿ɲ
쿴ϵʿ˶٣ʱҲûٺϵʿ˵ʲôĿջأ䵽Ľϡ
ʱ򣬻ٻͷƵȷʵӦȽ˸
䣡
ʥһɫ壬ֱӳĽ˿ȥ
ĽʱȻҲϵʿʱȴûйϵʿΪ칥ɱľǶԿĺܡ
˵ͺ𣬸ܴ߶սȫ߶ͬʱӭϡ
һʱ䣬˹ս죬׷Ͳͬʥ໥֯һƬƬա
Զϵʿںɫʯϣ칥ɱĽˣһеģȴǽԵЩ䡣
ȫƬռڵ汾ԴѹƣСӡ̥죬ƺʲôɵö£˵СӵϱЩ˰ٹܴ꣬ﵽǵȸ߶ˣǡ
֮ǰԭ³֣תĨɱʮͨǿߣұƵͥĹ涼ߣ±ԾӻķʽнѾ֪
СӵСŮǸСŮޣСС;Ȼͬʱƿʱδĳɾ;ԲһҪֱǡ̲סֶ£ģƬĹôôࣿ


2100 նͨ
ǿܷǷΪǿֻ壻ССͣͬʱƿش˵еʱʱ֮¸ǲ˵ҳʲôǿͿ£ˣϵʿ̲סۣһҵǲɵó鶯
䣡
ʥ֯¡¡죬ͬʱӭսĽˣһƬƽ
һ֮ͬսˣһҲûиоΪԷȻͨ켶ڣʱȴǱѹƵֻܷӳʥʵ£תֻضͲ˵ĺ
̫壬ȭֱתۼӿ˵ȭơ
ˣ
һ죬ȭӿĽ˼ʥȫ顣
һ̣ĽԣûκζĶһȭѹ¡
ңͬһʱ䣬׷ѹ£ĽһûС
䣡
˵ıȭԼԵ׷֮£Ľһʱ顣
̫壬ֻضʮս׷û˵һһ
ٴٶȷǳ죬콣߸ԼĽǰӡͨ𣬴ͷӡϢֱӽԷ֡
Ľ걾ѾܴˣʱӭȫӡԵסͬ㣬һ˲ӡ顣
ŴǶʱ򣬻ʣˣһɫǱøѿ

˾ŭѣǾѹ죬ȴû뵽澹Ȼ
ʱ򣬹׷ڲӿϢϵѹ£ʹǼķԭȳ̶ȵ췣вǵģƬ֮ڣǵʵѹƵĺʥ𼶵׷Ƕԣвԣ׷£Ǹоʱܱ١
ȷʵǸˡ
쵭Į
׷֮£ƺɫ˱ɱȥ
̫壬ȭ콣ӡҲһһչֶʹƬռȫɱ֮ڣŶ˷޲Ĺ
䣡
䣡
䣡
붫˽棬ʥܼƬռⷭӿ
ͬһʱ䣬׷һһֵѹ䣬ͬʱҲһУΪΪɽߵεǣߡ
ۣ
ʮѪˮŽ콣Ϊ콣еһڳᴩеüģͷ­һķ顣
Ŵʣˣɫøѿ¶˼ɵ;㤡
ԭǺǿ󣬵֮ڱѹƣԶԶ޷ӳ۷弶ʵסڲ˿Ӱ졣
ɱͥ볹ͥΪУ

ԣһ㶣ɵ¶̣ҪѹҶұԴȴȻĻµıɰ׳ˣ
ɫʱøѿˣҪԸ졣
쿴ˣмһЦ漴һǿ˹ȥ¡
ˣʱһݵʱʮɱͨ
΢ȫ⣬Ȼ״ȴǸԵס졣
ۣ
תۼ䣬ѪˮŽ֣˺ķ顣
漴һֱ̣ӽֻͼ˵֣͵һ顣
Ȼ˵ǲƬӰ죬ǣŸʥΣɱЩѹƵʥͨ켶ϹŶвһ㣬治ǿʡ
Զϵʿĵ
һߣ׻С̫ԶԶĿģǲɵ¶ɫ
ת֮䣬쾹Ȼնĸͨ켶ǿߣ¶Է˶ǱѹˣȴҲ㹻ˡ
Ǻܿͻָƽ׻Сӣȫˣ
¡
طʥ𼶵׷䡣
ѹֵϢ֯Ƭռÿһ
쿴ʣµĶҹƽû˿⣬һߵֵⳡʥ׷һˣʼǣߣһʥ׷ҲϳĹ
ֻʣֻضʮսȻŸոտʥΣҲڳˣѹƵֻ߱ʥսĵҹͶˣԣû˿ѹв
ﬣ
Ӷ콣еһںĽڵھ׷ѹ£ֱĽᴩһٱ󽫶Է壬Ҳһķ顣
ˣ֧Ŷá
򻹻ŵĵҹƽȻһЦ콣ת۳ƬĽɫһƬɫ꣬ŶԷѹ


2101 նɾ
ɫĽˣУÿһⶼ·ǼſնһеϢ
ҹƽһɫޱѿǳǰǿսӭϡ
ȻǿսӦԵǰ죬ȴЩ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽתۼȫնĽɫᴩѪˮա
ʱƵеǰֻͼƵֱѹȥ

³ôĮۡ
һ˲䣬ֻͼֱӽû۵Ľķ飬Ҳڵһʱ䱻顣
ɱͥŸֻʣˣɫѿ˼㡣
ֻǣȻˣȴҲûʲôֶܹӦ죬Ҳ֪첻ܷŹǣֻǷŭĵͺ𣬽ʥޡ
䣡
ʥܺ˺ͨϵĳȥ
Ҫôɱ죬Ҫôɱǣֻ֣񣬶ʼƴˣʥӿ񱩡
ЦܣǴ湥ˣͨѹ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬µ׷ѹ䣬ͷһ֡
ܵĿռ䣬ʱƬƬ̮汻һһĴѷ졣
ۣ
ץסһ϶̫壬Ӷȭֱӽ顣
漴ֻͼٴγ𣬽˵Ҳס
һ̲סУֻ壬ס
ͣ
ֻͼѹ䣬϶ԷĻѹ飬ֱ
ʣˡ
Զ׻طдžɫͬʱҲɵЩ˷ܡ
뵱ЩǰȥȡֻرԴʱǺεȵǿưԵʱ죬ס񣬷ˮתЩٴѹȴת۱նˣɵøоǳˬ죬ýˡ
¡
֮ϣѪɫñ֮ǰܼϢøŨ
ڣⳡʥ׷Ѿʮһ׷ʱ򣬵ʮ׷ʼ𣬶һ̸ֶΪһƬ׺ӣ
׺һҹƽǲɵüһ׷ʱͬʱов
ܿ
ҹҧƽһ𣬵ɽ룬ΪֻҪ룬ǾͲõı׷
쿴ˣȻһЦҪܿ
ٶȼ죬ֻתۼǽͬʱ£콣ȵǣԼԣʹΪĵķԲڵľ롣

ҹŭʱ򣬲ǿֲĵʮ׷ںϾҪѹ䣬ȴǽȵǣԣǶԿΣյĺܡ
ЦӦԸǿսˣʹ˽һ
ƾıʵѹˣʱҪǣƣǲܵ£ˣûõĹơ
һ̣һʮ׷Ȼ£͵ҹԼƽȫ֡
ۣ
ۣ
׷·ǳˣҹķ飬ֻʣûл𣬱ɫѿˣ𶯣ɿؾ
÷ؾϾҪ
ڵʮ׷֮£ֻض̫ԼȻ£ʮ׷û˵һһʱֻͼƵʥֱ֮ѹˡ
ס
ͣ
ת۶ѣеĵҹѣֻͼ֮£̼Ƿ顣
Ҳһȥ
ƫͷƽֻ꣬ͼ𣬽˵ѹ¡
ƽŭȻȴǸѲѹµֻͼ֮£ϢԼٶȱ˥
ƽ˻𣬴ŲʺͶͥĹǺܿ춼أֻ壬δɣ
Į˵Ļ˿Ҳ⣺ͥ
䣬ֻͼ𶯣ֱӽ˵飬ʧؼ䡣
һʱ䣬ط˲Ϣࡣ
ôȫɵˣˬ
׻̲סЦ
ѽ
С̫ӶСצӣٲȻǱźͰ׻һ˼
Ÿͨ켶ǿߣôͱȫնǸоǾϾЩ˵ȥȡֻرԴǰԵ£췴նɱǾ÷̹
ǲ
һߣϵʿֳۣսȻҲһЩȡ
ܿƽ̧ͷ֮ϣڷӿʥ׷ɻڳϢøŨһ̣ʮ׷֣Ƭ׹ǳ۶۳һƬ΢Сǿգˡ


2102 ռ
ԵϢӿӵʮռÿһ䣬޾Ļ۳ǳûǳǰ޴󣬲Ŀȴǳ࣬ж١
췣֮£ûκصı飬Ե÷ǳƽ
ﬣ
ֻ̧֣ضʮսӶ콣ȻһϿȥ
һתۼ䵽֮ϣǳն顣
ͨʥʿԣ׷ǲҲѲƤСӵã̧־͸նˡ
ϵʿĵտʥξսʵЩ졣
¡
ٴը졣
ŵʮ׷֮󣬵ʮ׷ֶ
һƬ׵ÿһ׵ж·һԵϴڡ

쿴׷޾⡣
䣬˵һ񷱬ʮ׷ѹ
֮ճƬƬ
󣬴¾ļʱ䣬ʮֺ͵ʮ׷ֶ
ӿøӼ
Ϣøˡ
طѹ֣øӻ谵ĩ˰㡣
֮£չΣֻ̫ض壬һһԻ֮¾չֶΣһһֵ׷飬
䣡
䣡
䣡
ϻ죬׷ѹ䡣
ⳡ׷֮гתۼ䣬ʱȥһ׷Ǳ飬Ϣʧϵɢȥ±ù
ܺã
Ӧ¼ʥ𼶸߶ȣʥһ죬ڵʥԴԴϣӿȣҵҲǱû࣬սԶԶһʥһʿȣ׾µͨʿûһܹס
ˣ
֮ϣ߲ϼ֣߲۶Ϊɹ֮
һʱ䣬߲Բ£תۼǽ֡
Ȼ֪߲ԵķǷΪΰ±ת̫ľ֮׳ͬʱҲԼΪ
ܿ죬Сʱȥ߲ʧ߲ӿڣΪȫȹޱȣȸնɹʱǿһЩ
ʥˣ٣˵ûκεѹˡ
׻˹
ǰٵʱ򣬼ޱȼѣֻض֮ȴ̫ˣȻЩܹһ̶Ͽٵܹ˿˱Ǵ潫е׷ȫ顣
Ȼˣ֮ǰµʱռ߳ǳ٣Ǹ⣬Ϊʥʥ󾳽٣µٲһ
ѽ
С̫Ҳ˹ĴųͷΪɹٶˡ
Ц£ûжԴ˶˵ʲô
Ҳʱϵʿ˹ĵСӣʵʥΣӲͥľŸͨ켶ȻΪƬɱǾˣɱ˾ɱˣݹ۹ŽҲһ¡
˵ţĵ˵СԺǻ鷳ϰͥ˿϶ǲŹ㣬룬֮һһͥʿ㡣
ͥ񣡡컹ûڣ׻СȻûдﵽͨ켶߶ȣ¶ͨ켶ǿߣͥǰҪвСӣҲûܣϵʿŵ֮ǰԭǵսʶӻɣͥǿĹ涼СӵϱǱӶݣ޷ҪǼСӣֱӽϱͥȥ
ϵʿбȻòϣСӵСϱȷʵˣ˭ͥЩͥǿˣ
ѵǣ
׻
ԶԶǡ
ϵʿڵ
׻ԣɴۣԶԶǿս
ʱϵʿĻҲǲɵöݡ
֮ǰĿͥǸʵƿ򣬿ֲĺˣǣϵȴǳƣǻԶͥǿս⻰̫ھˡ
С̫ԣʱҲǿϵʿ
ͥˮúܣԶܴȡ
ӭ졢׻С̫ľϵʿƲƲ
üϵƺеĻҪ򵥣ƺ֪ܶء
ͥǿжǿ֪
ʵͻȻϵʿݷǳһ㡣
ʣĲΣ֪Щ£һôҲûС
ϵʿٲȻǲ϶˵ʲô
˵˶ûôΪʲôü㲻ڲǰɣ
ڲкôϵʿб˶٣Щ漰ռɣû㹻ʱ֪˾ѡ


2103 Ѱ½Ƭ
ռɣϵʿĻüʲô˼ʲô
׻С̫Ҳǲɵƫͷϵʿռĸ֣ʵЩ
ʣ˵ռɣȻܸǣϵҿΪǺá
ϵʿ
бһۣ˵˰죬ʲôҲûǡ
ҲܿϵӦòû˵ѡ
ͥЩ棬ȻԶͥǿս
аüͷĸЩ
ǲɵƫͷϵʿϼһﵽʲôȻ֪ôء
ϵʿӭ񣬵ϵң˵ˣǵ¡
Ҳû׷㡣
ɨϻһۣʲʲôк׻С̫ŽĴȥ
ϵʿһѾǺܾˣǰ˰ûϴһ㣬һȥ
ָǸ
ʵ
ϵʿбƨϵȥȡ˵ţʵǸˣӵͦʵģȻƬͨ켶ϹŶɶ˲١
Ҷ
򵥵
ҲҶϵʿĵԵĿĶһôԵķϣٺ٣ֻرԴϵһ£
һԣɵô֡
԰㲱ö׹Ƭ
ϵʿö׹ƬⶫǳʱԼµϵʿܹƬڲ˿Ӱ죬ҲǺö׹Ƭйء
ϵʿۣĴӵۣ
̲סЦʵǳϵʿԲὫⶫԹô˵뿴ϵʿӵ۵ģ
ˣ֮ǰƬص׿ռѰû
£ʵ
ϵʿбһۣϵ˭ȻѰˡ
첻ɵõͷȻ²һӴϵʿӦƬص׿ռѰ֡
ϧֻǼʱѣƶʧˡ
̲ס̾
ûƶڸôֱ˵޾һ֮ڱﵽͨ켶߶ȣΪǵ̺̫ˡ
ţô֪ƶˣҲѰˣ
ϵʿ΢컰еһ˼
˭ȻѰˣ
ѧϵʿĿǵ²ûʲô
NɪϵʿɨһֲֵۣôݵʱΪǶô࣬ԭǺйء
һţһȥ
ԽĴȥƮŵĻɫԽֹ࣬ĽԽŨ
վˡ
߹ɾ֮󣬰׻̲סۣսѾѹƵֻ߱վĲˡ
ѽ
С̫棬Ҳһ
ɲ˿ѹƣϵʿҲһ
¡
ͻȻ飬ִѷ죬л鲼ɫë޿ʨͷǣ֮ǰȺһģһսȴҪǿࡣ
ңӴѷ¿ޣֻһͷһȺ
ͷ֮ࡣ
Щޣʥˡ׻󣬵طͨ켶ǿ߶д鷳ѿԵסЩޣΪطǵȼĴڣսѾǱѹƵֻʥ˾ˡ
Сϻͦ¡
ϵʿڣĵָ̧ǰԶżߺǣɱɿݣеĹţٲȻͨ켶ʬǰ˻Ѫ
׻˳ϵʿƿȥһ¾Ϳ⼸ʬЩʬǰĸ߶ȣ̲ס˿Һɵö£ͨ켶ǿ˴鷳⣬ǡ
УΣգԭʵѹƣΪʵѹƣеЩǿޣǸסЩɱɡ
쿴żʬ
𣡡
ٶͷʱ˹һˣ׿
쵯ָɫâŽתۼ佫ЩȫĨɱ
Ѿﵽʥ𼶸߶ȣЩֻʥεޣԣͨûʲô
֮к׻С̫ƬĴȥ
ܿ죬ʱȥֿɾ룬׻С̫ʵѾѹΪ㣬úͨûʲôˡ
ϵʿɲ˿Ӱ졣
֮ʱĺܿ죬תһʱȥƬ
ƬڣɫøŨǵȹĽøӵĿ£ƺѹؼһС
򣬶Ͻһɽ룬һȭͷС߲ʹԴԾɢ߲ʹ⡣
ҵˣ
һ۱ǿ߲ʹԴһϲ


2104 еĳʥ
߲ʹԴȭͷС˿˿ƵԾ⾧Өһ鿪ʥ⡣
У
׻ݣȻ֮ǰѾǴ˵Ƭ֮ŽƬĴڣʱȴǲɵЩȡ
дϲɫһ£ֱӳǰĽƬȥ
ˣ
ƺӦĵӦʶе񽣱ĴڣȭͷСĽƬԾ߲֯ʹâø貺Ũ
һ̣Ƭ΢ͬʶϣΧתһȦ󣬻һ߲ʹԣֱûڡ
ϵʿʱɨһۣƬĴλã԰׻˵СһվԭزҪƬڣ߶ǶԻǳΣգϵȥҪĶ
׻ŶһϵʿԶĿϡ
ˣ
µĽƬûڣʱ⣬߲ƣ˿˿ơ
ʶڣƬ񽣱֮⣬΢΢ת˼Ȧֱû֮ڣʹ漴Ƭ߲ԡ
߲мŷǳܣһʱת̫ľʼ߲ԣ֮ԼΪʹüľٵĳɳ
ˣһαǰʱȥ
ȥʱʱ򣬽Ƭ֮ڡ
һ̣˫ۣУâһţǰնΪ֮һ
ã
¼΢ֱ߲ӱ˳
һʱ䣬һĽƺƵϯһ쫷磬Ϣܺˡ
⽣ǰӿˣ
׻С̫СĿ˹ȥʱٴ񽣻ɵöǳԾڸӦ񽣵ĽԱ֮ǰǿʱǸӵľȡ
ƬѰԽ࣬񽣱ǻԽǿ
׻ֹеľȹŨ
񽣣ĹĦ
ΪµĽƬո񽣣ʱܺɵĽ֮񽣽֮ϵ˸࣬Ѿ˳
ܿȫˣ
оâӿ֡
ֻҪ׽񽣵Ľ룬ǿʱ񽣻Ǹʱսǿĺˡ
ѽܲԶԶͨͨ켶ϵʿѾѰԼҪҵĶʱ˻ŵ߲񽣣һ˵һ߳߹ȥһ̣ͻأɫһ
£ǲɢģȻбҲһʱͻȻ߲ϸӦϢĲʹɵ¶ɫ
ֹסŲе߲񽣣һӱú䣬һ˲䣬ɫһ߲Ӧʱ׽ˡ
ղǡ
ü
ʱȻϵʿͬʱҲע⵽˶Էʵôͷ
е߲񽣣ⱻϵʿΪ߲񽣵Ĵͱ¶ˣ˶ʩչ
ҪǣóϵʿǶˣͶֻˣԣ߲ûб¶ҲıԷĶԷὣ
ûɶϵʿҡͷһ˲˲Ŀе߲񽣣ȴҲо֮ǰͻȻоǵˣǴ
ߵԣе߲񽣣ʵСӣ⽣ģ
ġ
ڵ
ӣ˵ʵ
ϵʿ
׻С̫ɵ÷˷ۣȼܼõ
Ǽġ
˵ʵûˡ
¡
ͻȻ͵·˾˵Ĵһ㡣
ͻȻƾر𶯵ĸ綼ζ
໣
һв˵
ͬʱҲ˵
ʱݣֱĿв̫ϤˣǷĲ
Աߣ׻С̫ȻҲǸӦǲɵһ
ϵʿҲǶݣ㣬һ˲˲Ŀ򣺡ǣͥڡֳ⣺ƶͥ塣
ȻĻɵһΪƶͥͥ
ˣ
˵꣬طͻأ𶯵ĸӾңƬڵĵرϺϣƺƸֶ佻֯һ춯صʥ
ǣ
һĻɫ͵һ䡣
ƬѾƬдãȴȫûвƬڣȻӡƺơ
ΪҪǣЩƺƵϢ̫Ϥˣڵһǳ֣֮


2105 
ܼƺƽ֯ϣһڳʥʹĿݡ
ͬһʱ䣬׻С̫ҲǱɫ
ǣˣǡ
׻ɴۡ
ȻûͬǰһȴˣƺƷ˵Ϣһ¾͸Ӧ˳
˵ϵʿҲǱ΢طƺƣ¶Ĺ󣺡ѾɳȲˣȻϵҶˡ
ͬһ㣬Ƭ֮ǰҲûиоƺ͵ƵĴڡ
໣
Ƶ綼Ϊ֮𶯡
ȥһͷ˶ľ𣬼Ӻ˵ȻޱңԶҲܹģĿΪͷʵ̫ˡ
֮ڣ޾ƺƽ֯ɵʥ𶯣˹һ޴ĿռԴг֡
ռֱʮңһ֣ӡطƴŹâƮеļӹĻɫʱͬܵ˾޴㣬ĳǿռӿȥ
ֻƬ̶ѣǸоƬڵǵȹʼ
󣬵ȥʮ׻С̫ɵ΢ǵʵʱеĹıʼָˣ֮ǰıѹƵͨ˲ΣܷӳսĲΡ
ͬʱģƬڣ޴ĵطԼоŭĲ񷶼Ϊ֮΢
Ƭڿӡ´ٽʩӦĴ򿪿ռŻƬڵ汾Դӿͥڣ
ϵʿн֯˿˿Ƶľâŵ
ʱվԱߣΪϵʿ˿̵СȻˣɵһ֮ǰԭ֮£ͻȻƶǼʩΪ
Ϊϵʿеһʶݣ̲סϵʿղᵽ汾ԴƮƬеĹǾʲô
׻С̫Ҳϵʿ汾Դǻǵһ
϶ڵ߱Ϣȴѹֻдﵽһߵľ磬߱ĳֵⷨܵ
ϵʿ
϶ǿڵļ϶üûǿռ϶ȴڡ
ϵʿԣɵбһۣ֣ǿѹһ¡
һ£棬ǿգ
쾪ɡ
Уǿպ棬һ˼
Ȼǡ
ϵʿƲ졣
üʵǣǣ
Ѿ֪ϵʿһˣΪԷ֪ܶණʱ沢ǿգɻ֮Ȼ֪澿ʲô
ϵʿ΢٣ü룺ǿԸǵġ˵ţŵϵҸǼ򵥽ؼĲλ֣Сǳǿա硢硢硢桢ء
УǳǿգӦöϤϵҾͲ˵ˡ磬ǵȲε磻磬Ȳε磻磬㱾С죬ӦѰӣѾݻʵĴ磬ȵƬʵɳյ㣬硣
һǡ磿󣬻绹Ҫ嫣
Ƭʥ缶𣿾ȻƬ嫵Ĳ֮ϣ
⡭
Ǿɫ
ϵʿ֪һƬӿٶʥ£һҲ⣬Ϊԭ֮ʱչֳƬʥ
Աߣ׻С̫ҲΪȻݡ
Ѿ嫺ˣȴ뾹ȲڵƬʥ
ۺ嫣ԶȲ磬ûȡϵʿС̫Сһڵ磬ҲһöݻɣԭҲɳɳΪ磬ڻûг׳ɳ±ǱˣȻΪĳɳϢʹڻָȴָ̫࣬ɳ嫸ʮңҪɳΪ磬Ѿûϣ
ϵʿ⻰졢׻С̫ǶݣеľɫŨˡ
磬Ҳݻɣ
еľɫŨ
׻ۣ⣬ѹСӵƬʥڳɳʱСһڵĲֶʥĳɳָԭҲݻġ
С̫ԼҲǵɴۣǵһ֪Ҳݻɵġ
ϵʿͷ˶٣ֵ磬ֻݻɣԶԶֹô򵥣Ϊɴɡ磬һɳޣҲǣʹйصĿѹǹ򡣡
˵ţŵ֮ϣˣؼ䣬ܹоƬ棬϶Ŀտ֣з˼ࡣ


2106 ʧ
ϵʿĻԾ΢΢һʱ䲻ɵЩסˡ
ǰΪǿպͬһ˼ǿվ棬ǿգǷ֣ԭǴ֪ĲΣȻԶԶǿ֮ϡ
ǰΪܾ嫵ˣڲ֪֮ϣȻ磬֮ϣȻŸӹͺ嫵档
ذĶԭ˽ľȻô٣֪ԭǰޡ
ǳǿա硢硢硢桢ء˶٣ϵʿǣƬ涼Щ棿
׻С̫ĻҲƫͷϵʿԴȻǺܺ档
Ƭ棬Ǻ桢桢̫桢桢桢桢桢Ԫ桢档ϵʿ˶٣ͷؿڵļ׹ƬԵЩ䣬ȻǹȥѾֻʣƬˡ
ԣɵöݣֻʣƬ棿Ƭ桭ʧˣ
ϵʿͷٵˡ
ٵˣľ˭ٵģܹٵ𣿡
ϵʿĻУܹожô嫣ϾޱĴأܹҲͲžƬ棬󣬵ҪεȲεܻٵ档
׻С̫Ҳ𺳣ǲɵõۡ
嫣̣Ҫٵһ棬κ˶
ϵʿ
üȻˣʧƬ棬ôٵģ
ǿߵеӣʱۻƻϵʿôӸЩ˶٣ԹԵҡҡͷˣˣ˵漰ռˣڵûκκôֻ֪ƬĻ𣬶Ǻͥйؾˡ
ϵʿĻǶݣͥйأͥٵƬ棿
ǰɡ
ϵʿ
첻ɵͷһݣʧƬ棬ȻǱͥٵġ
ͥͥȻܻٵ
ĿⲻɵЩ˸ʱϵʿ֮ǰ˵ġͥˮĺܡȻ˼ˡ
⣬ͥ
׻̲ס˿ҺһʱЩˣͥж£
С̫ҲǲɵõۣΪϵʿĻʵ̫ںˡ
ƬΪ棬⻹ŵһƬ棬Ϊ棬ͺڡϵʿĿǰµƬˡ
棬桭
ĿⲻɵԾ
֪Щ£ʵЩ𺳣ٶȶɵÿ˲١
ˣ
ζĸңʹɵûع
ʱƬ֮ڣƺ۶ɵĳʥø貣ԶĿʹ֮ڵǵ汾ԴԴԴϵӿɳʥǵռ֮ڡ
ֶβط汾Դ뵽Ĵ֮ͥڣͥ涼ֵܹˣʵᱻȵϵʿۣңңĿĴҪٵЩͥצѾһΪսˣ
ˣ
֮ڣԾ˸ɵʥŹâ汾ԴƬԴԴϵӿʥڡ
ͥӿȥˣǣӦĵͥǣҪĴͥĨңңĿտտľâֶ˶٣к׻С̫ɱͥȥ
Ƭڵ汾ԴǣͥڣǸطսʱ֪£ɱͥȥ
ʥΪֻض߲񽣣˽汾Դͥڵ£Ǹطͥһǿڶᱻȵսʱնɱͨ켶ҲԲ
طȻλ÷ǳңԶǣЩطʥֻҪУǱܹڼΪݵʱﵽģֱӳǸط֮ͥڡ
ѽ
С̫߬צӣĵͷ
ֿʱĸױǺһ𣬶񣬱ضҲһжսȥԼĸס
ҪǣȻҪȥǸطһҲȥ
Ǿȥ汾ԴӰ죬Ϊﵽʥ߶ȣ߲Сӣʱ򣬸ͥǿһϲ㲻ܸɵһͥ棡
׻Ҳ߬צӣм˷ܵģ


2107 ɱͥն
ڣʥʣһ޴ʹƬڵ汾ԴԴԴϵĳ֮ӿȥϲɵһ쫷硣
ͷҪҪһȥ
ϵʿ
²⣬ϵʿԷǳǿ£˵вͥЩ档
ϵʿҡͷƲԼȥϵһԼҪæأ
аɡ
ͷϵʿûԥС̫Ͱ׻طʥǰС̫׻ֱӿУ˲Ϣʧ
ʱĶ汾ԴǶȴûΣգΪ汾ԴֻʿʵлϢ
ˣ
ʥϯ汾ԴԴԴϵĳ֮ӿȥ
ϵʿ졢С̫Ͱ׻ʧڣĿⲻɵЩ
ʣƬ棬յĴս²ԶˣÿЩƵòС
ؿڵļ׹ƬϢʧԭء

졢С̫Ͱ׻֮ڣӿ汾ԴһƶڴԼ֮ǰֹռ΢𣬽ȫ˳ȥ
䣡
ʥܽ֯ռһŤһ޴ӿռ֮ڱҰ֮ǳƬƬĺΰޱȺΰʱƬĺΰȴǱһƬһƬĻɫƣѹ汾ԴƮʮա
ңҲƬ򣬷ǳ񣬽ԲڵĿռȫ֡
䣡
һ˵ɱӿɱƺƽ֯һһɱâ
Ƭĵһһ̮У콫ڲҽУһǱӴܣȴӳЩɱնһһ䡣
ǺôĵӣȻˣ
ŭɱⷭʥˡ
ʮӰ񷣬Ͳϵʮһսһ𣬾Ժǿ
졢С̫Ͱ׻߳ʱŲϣȻϳ˲ϵʮһӣȻǷȾˣԼ͹
Ȼǣ쿴ŲϵʮһˣɨƬоâ֯طͥڣ
Ȼ֮ǰ֪ˣڵ汾ԴڹͥʱһĻ̲ס𺳺ļ£ʮһĺô겻ٴγ󣬾ֱɱͥ塣
ңƬͥĹģҲΪ֮ľΪ̫ˣռصķΧ˵жôһۿ߼ʡ
ѽ
С̫ʱڣŲϵĻצӡ
֮ϣһߺͼͥ棬һ߳Сһ¶һЦֶһԵͷǵĵٲȻһҲȡ
ͬʱ˵ĿʱҲ˹ȫϣĿⶼЩ䣬һ˿˿ľâ
ǿʣˣҵȺܾȡ
ϴŵЦ
ټ磬нڣ˶֪ǿֻ壬ٴγ֮Ȼǵ֪¡
ͬһʱ䣬ͷ˽ŵʮҲǷ죬ͥͨ켶ʱǶݡ죬ʱȻͥ壡
Ľأ
һ졣
ǰ֪ͥĽȾ߳ͥǰѹ죬ǾȴȫûѶ
ȥˡ쿴ſڵϵˣΪҲȥֻرԴˣ͵ʥС̫Ͱ׻ţƶ֮ͥ⣬һǳ˿ȥȥǡ
䣬ֱе߲񽣣ʥ𼶵Ϊ߶һն¡
ﬣ
̶쳹գһ߲ʽвǿߡ
ɫͱ䣬ƽռ䣬ͨε޾һʱ֮ͥڳ汾ԴʵѹƵֻʥ𼶲ΣӭһնͷƤɵΪ֮һ飬±Եǰٶˡ
˲ˡ
˵һ̣ٶȿ켫˲Ϣ
ﬣ
һ̶ĽУ߲ٴն¡
ʱ򣬽һܣֱӱһᴩ
۵һ飬ֻǿ־ŭĶ죺㡭

ٶȼ죬ֻܷӳʥս̫̫࣬ת¶Է·е߲񽣣һնȥ
һѹ䣬δϣʹʮճƬƬı飬ҲŴ̮
ӭԵһϲɵ¶˾㤵ı飬̲סڴУס
ۣ
߲ѹ䣬նٿ켫϶ԷĻķ顣


2108 
ͨ켶Ѫˮգ㴥Ŀ
һʱ䣬֮ͥڣʮɫ䡣
䣬ת۱㱻Ĩɱ
ȻǷˣʱҲɵýǶݡ
ʥˣȻȫ汾ԴӰ죡
Ϊĵӡһˣʮһ˸ݺܲȻ֪ĴڣҲ֪汾Դʲôʱ򣬼طĻ汾ԴУȻȫӰ죬жоâ֯
֮ǰоϢԿռгȴû뵽汾ԴУսȻûֺܵ
ơ
ܲ
ǿڡ
¡
Ƭռڣɱⷭӿ鲼ɱƣͥÿһ䡣
ҽУͥڲϻ죬һ콫ɱ顣
ԭЩ콫ܵ汾ԴӰ죬սʱ򶼱ȵסӡϵĳʺֵ֮ɱ
ֻ壡
֮ͥڣ˿̻ʣʮͨ켶һ̣Ŀⶼϣŭӡ
ʮźͷ˼սãȻˣȴûһʱʥʿȴת۾նеһˡ
һ裡
ɨʮˣһߣʱûкͷ˴кֱӳ߲񽣱ʮˡ
ﬣ
е񽣣߲ɫâŽ飬ͬʱʮ֡
ʮһһʥ𼶵ʿȻͬʱˡ
ſϣ
һ֣ͨ켶ƺƵѹ졣
ͬʱʮŸҲһ֣̼ͬͨ
䣡
Ƭռ䣬ת۱㱻ӿʥâû
߲񽣣߲ʽ⣬ͬʱʮͨ켶һҲ˼ɣΪЩսǱ汾ԴѹƵʥ𼶲Ρ
ͬսϣ޾Щˡ
οֻض߲ЩˣһѹҲûС
ۣ
ӽնƬʥ⣬ֱӽһᴩͨѪˮա
ݳɫǳѿٺˡ
ֻǣ߲ٴնٶȼ죬ֱӽ֡

˾ֵĴУ͵һն顣
ʥΪǱ񽣣ֻܷӳʥսЩͥȻͬвһ򵥰
֮ͥ⣬׻һ˷֮ɫ
ѽ
С̫Ҳɵó֮ͥڵһӶСצӣΪ衣
񷣬ʱ죬еľâŨ˼֡
Ǳܾˣ
нڽ֮һ;ϵ裬ûжܹȵϣʱе߲񽣣вɵտտľâ֯


ԱߣҲͷ
죬䣬¶˵Ц
ˣǽһ˶ԸУһЩ׼
죬˵еһӿڣɨͥ
ԣµͷǰģ
Ϊ˷˵ĹžڷˣһɺŨиУ񣬷㿪ڣȻ֪ǽҪʲô׼ȴǵӦ
ңͺͥԹһʱʱ̶̿ŶȡֻرԴҪɱ䡣
ͬʱ汾Դ֮ͥڣЩս඼ֻܷӳʥ𼶣£ҪɱЩ˸ûѶȡ
ﬣ
е߲񽣣߲ʽâ٣ͬˮһϯŵʮͥȫ֣޲𹥻
ͥʮŭӣûκһ˴⣬¶Ǽǿ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģط񷶼ɵôƺʱ̮
˿죬н֯â
ȻҲĨǶش
ĸǣ
Ȼ
ʮһվһ𣬿죬䣬϶ǲɵ¶Ц
ͥĴսΪעӲԵʱ׼Ϊնͨ켶ΪǴսлһԵЩΪֻһ˿̤ͨΡ
Դսǿʼƣ֮ڵ汾ԴҪͥһٰεΪδս׼̵档汾ԴǵսҲܵѹƣֻȵϳڵʥ£ȻǱصֶΣܹĨͥȴǱضḶǳĴۣĳ֣һ޴ľϲ
죬ȫ汾ԴӰ죬һ˾ӦͥһǳҰȫʱ׼ԽǱص̶ֶȵķӳٵĻһսһ׼ܴ󴴣ٸκδۡ
ʼ
𿪿ڣ£ʮһʥӿվֱ


2109 ݺͥ
ʮһ⣬ʥԽ֯໥Ϣһ
ʮһ˵ϢʼΪתһӶ
һʱ䣬ʮռΪ֮΢ˮư㵴
߲ն߲ɫ⣬ʮͥͬʱУʱȻע⵽ʮһʥԣͬʱҲע⵽Щơ
ʥƽ֯Ҫ߶ʲô
ʱԼ俴Щ
¡
аʥܳʮ֣ʮʱѹ
ͬʱƿʮжʮɱˡ
Щ˲ʱŷ㶯Ȼ֪ʮһĳ׼׼Ǿûкôֹ

ӽ߲ʮƥֱӽ˵Ķʮ˻Щʱȥŷ˵ʩ
ﬣ
߲Ϊֻض壬ͬʱʮ
ϣ
ʮɭɱ
һʥ𼶵ĺʱʿȻǿƣǵսѹƵ£һˣͬʱʮͨ켶ǿڹɱΧڣǾŭ
ңЩҲΪһ¶汾Դ֮ڣ쾹ȻȫӰ죬սʼǾ۷״̬
ҲǷǳΪ汾ԴĹϵԶԶӲ۷սȴ˿ӰҲܣ޼ɵĹɱˡ
䣡
һʮɫӭĹƣʮ˼ǿͨ켶
΢Ȼܸоʮܿ£ʱһ˿ѹ
ĿȻ΢һ˿ѹϵıȴû˿仯
ǵǿᣬе
ҵĴ߶߲񽣣߲ʽâϯʮ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
̶죬߲ʽɨ˻ģնһƬƬա
ʮʥʮڼʥͬʱͨ켶ʥӭ
תۣ˫ײһ첻ɵǺݺһڵѪһ󷭹
ͬʱͥʮŵŵɵĺˣͨ켶ʮ֮ϣ΢Сѷ측ֶ
ý
֮ϣн֯տտâ
ˣ΢Щݡ
ǱȻһͨ켶£
֮ͥ⣬׻ɵöһ£ֳ߲񽣣һˣһ֮½ʮͨĺˣͨ켶ʥʮʥǳѺۣһԱȣͬʥս£ܹһһ˵ʱ㹻ˣһ˵߲ԶԶͨͨǿᡣ
ͥʮǸɫøѿһĿɭ
һ˺ȫѹ
£ǼȫΣ쿪ڣĿϣ߲񽣣һ˲ٶȿˣ˲Ϣǿ絽ǰֻ
ﬣ
Ż䣬е߲񽣱ֱն¡
Ľ̼佫ϵĿռȫڶԷŭУֱĽķѣΨһϲѺۡ

׷ϣ߲ٴն䣬â񷣬һ˻ϡ

һʵŭֱӱն飬š
ͥڣŵʮӾŭת۶ѣ쾹ն
Ķ
ʮ˸ɱӿٴɱ죬Ҳͨ켶
Ȼ޾壬߲񽣺أ콣߶һˡ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģƬռ䣬սˡ
ͬʱͥ콫ڱӣڲҽб飬Ϊбӡ˲ɱ󣬶ǳ֣֮һ콫ס
ͥûػԳһ˸ǣмŪػ󣿡֮ͥ⣬׻С̫һԶԶĿͥСŵ뵽һ棺ˣ֮ǰиͥѾЩɱͥڣǸϼһôûֳ֣
С̫ſ˶ĻͷϣҲڿ֮ͥڣĻĵ֮ǰ˵ĺأ϶ֱչȥˡ
пܡ
׻ͷ֮ǰԭ£߳ͥ汻شǱߣĿ˵ģʱС̫ô˵Ӧþˡ
ҲʱͥһŭĲҽѪˮŽһնķѣͬҲһС
֮ͥڣĸĽ¡
汾ԴѹСɱͨǿͬвһ㡣
׻Ķ£˷֮⣬ɵ߬˻צ
ͬʱͥԶͻȻƿͥʿΪӦͥľʥܲ뿴ô£ʱϵ
ʿ
󣬸ϵʿԶԶĿͥڵĳһǾ
ǡֻ壡ɱͥ
ʿ㤣Ӳûɳ


2110 ͥ
ʿȫˣ̻ͥһһ̮һ콫̱ըҽ˷ڣ쾹Ȼһڹɱͥʮͨ켶
⣬⣬⡭
áþ
ʿĿ࣬ʯ
Ҫ֪ͥһȻﰡΪĹž뢣Ҳ֪˶ôƾõ£ȴȻ㹥ͥ£̫ˡ
棬Щǡ
ǡڵЩôôƮͥ
Щʿ򣬵ȴȥΧźԶڹȻϵЩرĻ
ͻȻ˶ݣָ񷣺죬ϡ
һʿ̧ͷȥһڵĻڲӿȻȻҲ˲ϵķһˡ
ǡǲ֮ͥǰһֱ׷ľŸ𣿣
ǾҲͥ
ֻȻйϵˣǶǺֻһģ
ڵЩģôңԶľҲôģ
⡭
ʿ𾪡
ﬣ
̶ʱ֮ͥڻص߲񽣣ɨ˷
۵һһѣһᴩ֮Ҳն
һĻͥʿɵһ
ֻ壬նͥһ
ûŵ
˺ַһЩ¡
Щڻ˵ǴܴʿĹͥЩƺѹˣսϵ˺ֻܶ࣬ʥ𼶸߶ȡǣֻ壬񡭡ȫӰ죡
ѵѵǺֻйأ
УΪǰЩʱǻֻʥŹȥãȻȻѾﵽʥ𼶸߶ȣ⡭
ЩʿĿɫ
䣡
ͥʥ߲ܺ񽣣һ˽ŵʮ߸ͨ켶߲񽣵Ľ֮УƥĽһһıưܡ
ʮͨ켶ȫʩΪʱƣԽӵɫѿΪʮ˺Ҵ󲿷˶ͨ켶ȴκβһˡ
λ˳أһҲˣ
һ˿죬ޱɭ
ǵľǳ⣬һʼûзͥļ棬Եǰ⾳ԣţͥǼλ棬ܸܿӦ󣬱ضǰ
Ǽλ棬ԶԶҪǿĴڣӿ뵽ͥڵ汾Դǳ£ѹʹǼλսҲţǱ£ǼλȴҲܹ߱ͨ켶սҪɱˣԲһ¡
˵Ļɨͥֿ۲ϵķˣĿһڵͥϡ
ûж˵ʲô߲һĽâٴɱʮˡ
ﬣ
̶ǳĺˡ
֪ͥĹǳ£ΪǰĿùһͥܣƿ̧֮־Ĩɱͨͨ켶ڣǵȼĴڣ֮ͥˣǶضԻǳˣƾط汾ԴѹãǵȴȴҲܷӳͨ켶ս
Ƕԣ˵вǳ
ȻʱȴǲûηӺ͵ģΪ֪˱ضҲ֪ͥµĹ棬֪һ㻹㶯֣Ǿ;ӦǼͥķ
ңʮһڲϣʥ壬໥Ϊתʥ룬֮ԸЩͥ׼
գ˵رػ٣
콣߶߲񽣣߲ʽâɨͬᴩʮ
ת۶ѣ۵һһᴩţ˲ը

ŭˣɿؾ
ȻᣬΥʩչǲΪһеĲӰת۳ڶԷǰ
㡭

ֳڣ΢ӡʣ֯ͷӡϢֱ˵ϡ
ŭ屬ʥԣҵȴã汾ԴѹƵ£ѲӡɲǼǱ
֡նһ⣬⡭
ͥ⣬һʿ̲ס
ȫɵ
׻߬צӣһնͨͬвһ㣬ʵǲɵúܼ˷ܡ
ϣʥԣĿϣôһɲǵʧ
̫ȼˣһĳ׼ʱҲڿ졣
Ǿ˵ڣ˶٣ŵ꣬ǵСʦܣҲһ
ĿҲϣޱ䣬ЩҪ͸죬գȴҲֻҡͷ
죬ĿЩºͣЩ䣬գȴҲǰҡͷСʦתҲܸоϤϢŶԣϡûС
䣡
ͻȻͥзǳ˵ѹԻʹʮضɵþ
˶ʱһĿƿͬʱͥ
ˡ
𿪿ڣоâ֯
ͬһʱ䣬ȻҲǸӦͥֵѹɵͣ¶ʮĹɱҲƶĿ⿴ͥ
ŵӰȺ⣬Ĺŵɱʥһ㡣
ǣ
ͥʮ¶ϲɫ


2111 ֯Ϊ
ͥŵӰ߳ϣɢϢȴޱˡ
졭ͥĹ棿
ûûˣһǣ
⣬ֻɱ֮ͥڣȻȻͥĹ涼˳
֮ͥ⣬ʿǲɵ΢
ͥڣһ۾Ϳ˾еһɿߣȻǰʱأشӶ뿪Ǹˡ
ڿɿߵͬʱɿȻȻҲǿӶʱԵޱȵͱ䣬ɱȻ
ϣ
죬ɿߵɫȻôÿΪǰʱ䱻˵ĺأЩ޸һƣΪµĹϵøӵ⣬ûˣȻȻ˺Ϊ޵ϡ
Աߣ˸ͥ棬ĿĮʱǿ졣
벻ô󵨣ֻأһĶ
ǣҴ֮ͥڣӵܴ󣡡
һ˿ˣһϮۣǺĮ
ûеγɳνĨ
ƽ
⣬ʥƣûпֲϢƽͣһֲɺĸо
Ĩͥ
۹ɨӷֱӶ֣ŷĹȥ
һʱ䣬ʮյƬһɺ˵Ϣӿ˲ɵ÷
ͨ켶ս
ɫ΢
ԤϵһͥĹ漶̫ǿˣȻܵ汾Դѹƣսϱ˺֣ܶ࣬Ϣȴܱȵͨͨ켶ǿߡ
ͥʮǸ¶ɫ˵ˣǽն
һĹأȻܵ汾ԴӰ죬ȴӵͨͨ켶սҪԸͷˣͬһ㡣
۹Ĵ֣ת۱ѹ䵽ǰ
ıûκα仯ӡڷɳٶȺܿ죬תۼ佫ԶסԼԣ
仰䣬ʥԶʱøŨʥҲűŨ
ʮһ˵ʥΪתһͷ­Сĺʯƣȥûʲôر

𿪿ڣͳʯ˲Ϣɳ֮ǰ֯ӵʯ֮ϣʯϵ໥ڣһһڻ
һʯѷ측֣漴ֱը
䣡
ʮմ𶯣źʯѣһɻ񵽼ϢϢгĺĽһ
ǽһûκΣյϢƽ͡
һ̧̣֣ʥ໥ӣ˵죬ƽ֯ʮһƲͬϢʥ⣬ֱû뵽֮С
֯𡣡

䣡
ڣʮһƲͬϢʥû룬Ȼ䱬޾ĻϢǵȻϢ̫ŨˣҪؼһж㡣
۵һͥ̽Ĵ֣ת۱㱻ѪˮŽ졣
ңⲢ꣬ϢĻͬ籩һ㣬ֱӳžŸͥԼ뵽˸ʮͥӿȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ת۶ѣͨ켶ֱȻ֮±飬
һĻʹͫײɵһ
֮ǰ׼ԭΪ˴߶ǿ̺޾Ϣĺʯ飬Ȼʹͻ䣬
ľ
ʱɻ̫ںˡ
䣡
Ƶʮ֮
ͥĽ۹汻ֱۣؾ۶ǿʥݣ֮֯УһʥĻԼ˺ŵʮȫУɫޱѿǡб
˸Ҳɫÿʮǲɵ嶼
Ϊʱ̫ˡ
ģ
ҧһ㤣ͬʱҲžŭ
Ҳˡ
ԭΪԼһľŸ߳ضתĨɱˣȴǲ룬˾ֶΣ֮ǰһֱ׼ŵ£Ȼˣڴ˿ʩĻʹǵһ涼˲˴ˡ
Ĵս޾ǶϢľʯЩϢǣҲˡžŸͥ棺ջɱǣǣرĨ
ɫʯڵϢҪ֮Ҫ޾ƱʯʮһƾԵʥͷʩΪʹڵ޾Ϣͻ䣬ԣֻ֮ͥڴ߶ҪķѲʱ䣬ţǱһֱʥĻϣͬʱҲʮһ˵ʥᣬʯ
Ϊʯ̫ӲƿҪһ˵ʥƱȴѶȺܴҪʮһ˵ʥ֧ţ֮ܽ鿪
øл㣬ĳ֣ʹĨ󣬲úķǧĹȥչˡ
죬ֿڣϴŵЦ
ԭҪںʮͥսĹ׼ֶεģṆ̀ǸСĴۣΪһǵ׼һߺʮһսȻǣҲԲֵκκãȻἫصˣǵˣǵԤУٵúķǧϵʱָܻ
ȻĳָǾϲ汾ԴӰ֮£һ˾ѹʮͥӶ˳ֵʱҰȫĻ£Ϊ׼κεĴۡ


2112 ϣ
ԣɵ΢㶣֮ǰڲʩ׼ǶٶЩ˼
ǰˡ
Է
պʱͥڣϢǵأš
ټͥڣһƬһƬĺΰ̮֮һһ콫ѡ
Ե£˿ɵ
ֻ壬ʮһˣǣǡҪͥ
֮ͥ⣬һʿԶԶĿһĻľЩ˫ȶɵֱ£ʱѵһ㡣
׻С̫Ҳǲɵ÷׻ëʮһˣȻ׼ֶΣ⣬ǡ
¡
պ֮֯ͥڣʹͥϵı١
ϣǣ̴ĺܺã
۹溮
汾Դ֮֯ͥڣǵսܵӰ죬ֻܷӳͨͨ켶ս£ĻҲֻǿֵǿסͥʮͨ켶ͥʿȫǹ˲ϡ

ҽбʱˣ£֮ͥڣƬ콫תۺ
λĴͥʱڲ飬ϵ̮
ЩϢ͵Ĵս۶ֵ֮޾ĳޣȻڻٲǣԴƬĲ֡

⻰һͥʮͬʱɫŸͥҲǲɵΪ֮ݡ
ǾʯЩսȡǡȥǼսȻû棿
һͫ׶΢
ս֪ܹʮΪƬ汻ٶγɣÿһǷǳ£޾ķسΣպͲ飬һͨ켶ǿ߽жǱɣȻǿȴڣҲԸȥ
ܸӦ˵ľ磬ûдﵽͨ켶߶ȣǣԲͨ켶߶ȵΪЩս֮ڣȴȻõĻ
ĿƽͣҲƽЩڴսȥ޾飬һϣϣһܹ׻ǣǣҲô롣ԣеΣպֲ飬ûΪǣҲճȫǣʹǵΪڼ̵ʱײ̤ͷ
ȥˣϣǵϣǻܳȫǣҪŪ飡
ŸУɿߺ΢֯Ϣˡ
ʥ˼ŷϯȥ
ǿϧڵǣ״ãûйǵˡ

Ż䣬һɫʯֶת۱ƱϢӿ˵ĺ߶£Ϣٴηڣ֮ǰ㻯
¡¡ģƬش𶯣֮ǰʹøɿߵɫͱ䣬òջ߶ǿʥȻĺ
ΪǲˣǼǺпܱתɡ



̺޾Ϣĺɫʯը޾Ϣʱټͥٵĸ죬ǿĽϱ٣ԿǺһ̨ϱ鲼޾Ĺƣʱź嫵ӿ룬Щ̨ûЩ̨һһ١
ǣ
ͥŸ濴һĻһ̨̱٣һνԸ˼µŭ⣬ɱ⽻֯н
ʮҲޱȾŭһЩ۾ˡ
Щ̨Ǻķ޾Դ޾²޽𣬶ޱҪȴǰһһıٵ
ȻǾܷŭʱȴʲôҲˣΪͥʱƵŵ̫ˣ汾ԴѹƵ£ŸȫʩΪҲֻǿסЩûлȥ̨
쿴Щϱٵ̨žŸͥʮŭģͷɵΪ֮һ
Щ̨
뵽֮ǰᵽġͥƬĲ֡ǵȲ֣Щ̨
¡
ӿ֮ͥڣͥٵٶȸ졣
ͥ̨תۻٵ˴롣
Ҳʱһ촫ͥŸʥĻ֮ϣһ΢СѺ۳֣Ѻۿʼӣͬ֩һ㣬תۼʹ÷Ļ֮ϳѺۡ
ŸɫǱøѿһƬɭʮǶɵһ
Ⱥ̺޾Ϣĺɫʯ޾Ϣͻ̫ˣ汾Դѹս£ȻǾŸǿͥʩΪʱҲҪŲסˡ


2113 Ż
ͥŸɫǷǳѿͥڲϱ٣ķ޾²̨˴룬޷񣬳ķݣҲܿҪˡ
ǣ
һ濪ڣһƬɭ
ǵΪԶԶǷȣȴǱһ˱Ƶأһбͷŭ޲ýһ븹С
˵ıûκεı仯ƽĮʥơ
ͬһʱ䣬ʩͥڵԴ߻ʹøӿ񱩣Ҫһû
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ͥڣռЩ̨Ըٶȱ٣ܿȫ̮
վڷԣһĻҲǲɵտտľâ֣˲ĵӡһˣʵԭԶԶ޷ͥȣȴǽͥƵǱͲ
ͥȻȻ
ֻǣǡ
ͥΧһʿľˣķ
ͥһȻ֪ʲôʱ֮ڣҲ֪жôƾõ£ȴڲϵ̮٣ͥ˵еļضΪֻܱȳĻֵֻͥб١
ʮһˣǡ
׻С̫һҲǾ֮ͥ⣬ʱ֮ͥڣͬһʿ㣬̲ס¡
䣡
ͥڣڣϢ֮ﲻϵı
Уͨ콫ȫûһʱš
ŵģֻͥľŸʮͨ켶
ǣ
ʮŭѣ߬ȭͷ
ŸûʮǰңҲǽ֯ŭ
ҲʱһķĻϣֵѺ۱øܼ·һ˲䣬Ҫ׵ı
ǡܺãĺܺãһ濪ڣޱȣɱӿʥӿ֯˷Ļ֮⣺Ĳ֣˾ͻˣգҵٻ²ãķһЩʱˣ
佻֯Ļ֮ʥԣʹطĿռΪ֮𶯣ĿͷˣҵȷʵѾûгֵأ㵽һƬȥµĴýʼؽʬΣ
˻䣬˸ͥҲһ֣оʥӿٲȻʱʥϣʩչĳֶΡ
漴һ̣ͥڣϿյͻȻŤһ޴ĺڶİת۱аӿϯʮռڵ
ʱһɫͱ䣬һεĴϣʹ忪ʼǺڶڶȥתͨû˿ôȫˡ
ͬʱҲݣͬһ㣬Ǳźڶھȥ
ңͥһŵһʿͬһ㣬ʱǱǺڶھȥΪΪǵʵ˲ϢǱڶ
׻С̫Ҳ⣬ʱҲǱڶ
ڣܣƬʯ͹ľȣҲȥ
Ψ֮ͥڵƺΪ̺̫ˣʱԱڶϯȥ
úõţ
ͥһдһ㿴ͷˡ
˸Լʮˣ󣬾Ÿٴζ֣Ҳкڶ֣תۼ佫һû̼ʧӿ֮С
䣡
֮ͥڷͥ׵ķѣҲڡ
޴ĺڶʲϣУֵȴȫûá
ͬʱŰ׻С̫ڶҪֽԼԣȴ֣ʱڳ֣ڵʥͻƲڶǹɰϯ
õǣҲüȻһʼûϵ£ⲢûʲôΣաǺڶûκλ֮ܣֻǻὫǾ뵽һƬС

ڶϯһУϯ챻ϳڶھȥΪ֮һ
ǺڶŻǻᱻȥ
ڴؼ䲻ֹһƬ£Ѿϵʿ֪ؼԭеľƬ棬ѾֻʣǵǰĺһƬ棬ʱƺڶὫǾһƬ棬ôֻˡ
ң뵽֮ǰǸͥĻԷڿڶǰᵽһƬȥ˵ʱĻȫû
лһĨ⣬ˣҲ΢жݡ
£Ѿ֪ˡһʱڱڶϯڶԵֵٴοڣٱÿһЩ֣أܿǾҪƬ棬һƬ棬ңмĿڽһƬɢ֮ǰ㽲һЩ£һҪס


2114 ʼ
岻ϱŻȥŷ֣أҲɫ
ǰ뽲
ڲϱŻ֪һᱻȥʱҲȫˣ·ʱʲôҲûзĿŷ
ˣҲڱŻȥڵһ֮ǰͥǸԣܿ콫ӭ𣬻Դͷö˵ȻͥǱ棬ﵽͨ쾳ûпŻĿԣ޷Ƭ棬ԣһΣǻĴ֮С֮棬ڴʼ֮ǰһҪһ׼
ڶ˶٣ŵȻô˵ǣͥĺܿ£ȷһΣ̫ͬƬǰ㱻ٵһ㣬߳ʱػһξʱطҲν򣬸֮ĴУȷԼ԰ȫǰ£ҪʱĻᣬĸ򡣡
ıޱ֣أкŨļɵ𵽾ųʱ󲿷ֽѾʧΪǣʱѰҿɳڸϢĵطҲҪ
ŷᵽ㣬ͷ΢
潫ӭ𣬶ұػᱻ٣
汻ٵ߳ʱ׸
𵽾ųʱѰط
ŷ̲סʵ𵽾ųʱʲôرΣ𣿡
Ȼٺ߳ʱ׸ƿصȻݣᵽĵȴ⡣оõʱضʲôֲĶ֣Ϊᵽǵʱżɵ
Ҫ֪ĵһӣ˽¶ɵ֮ɫǽһʲôľҲ֪
˶٣ڵĻ֮Դ֣ǰ£衣
¡
պ֮ϣŻСϯ֮ȴǱø͡
ͷ˶ڱŻϯȥѲˣܿǱŻԵ
죺ЩʦǣҲδ죬ǵڰ˴𣬼ǵãһҪһսھŴδռսǵĺ棡
춯ݣͷһŻصǵ棬ǰҲǣ
ˣ
һ̣ͷ˱ͬʱŻʧ硣
ͬʱŻ𶯣ֱʧ
ʮռ䣬ʱžࡣ

ŻҰʱһƬڣʲôҲڣ̽ʶҲӦκζֻܸоϵĿռ𶯣ЩͷΡ
£Ҷ̽ʶҲ˻Ļʲô⡣
ϾԶԶȡ
ǳʲô⣬ƣͨͨ켶ڶ˲
ˣڣһҲĵȴš
֮ʱţҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬𶯣ǰһ˳ȥʹ²ʵʵ֮ϡ
ȥһΰɽľĺïܣеŨ
棿
ȥܵĻûʲôر֮֮ǰĺȣ˵ûκε𣬵ǣȴǺطԾˡ
ΪŻͥľŸǾˣ뽫Ǵ棬棬漴֮лɱǣˣĿռ䣬;ɣܻǴں֮С
ɨܣҲ̽ȴȫûзַ˵ӰԼϢ
Ȼɢˡ

վԭأ˶٣֮ǰĻ˿
Сһʹһ׼
׻С̫Ҳ棬ߵΪֻǲʥ磬þ콫ҳȻѣǱ
ڷˣʮһˣΪѾͷҪǿ̫ˣûȥĵɡ
£뿪طһѰС̫Ͱ׻һӭӴĸ׼ͬʱҲŬԼʵ
ˣתۣһʱȥ
һʱ䣬˽˺ܶ࣬߹طӭӴ׼Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ȴʼûѰС̫Ͱ׻
ʱţתǰȥΪﵽʥڶأӭӴ׼˸࣬ûѰС̫Ͱ׻һ˿ҲûѰ
Ҳһ죬һƬͻȻطпռŻӰ߳ͥսס
𣬿ʼ
ȺӰУб𣬵£ͥս׵Щʿֱ£֮ϯʮ


ʮ˾ ʥս


2115 
űͥʿ
¾ɱʢ磬ƻһУ
Ѿܾû㶯ˣ
ɱ
Щʿ̫ˣ޷ж٣ͥеսףĿ飬Բֱ֮ӶƬ鷢ԵĹ
ͥˣǡ

ƬʿȻҲ֪ͥƺͥƬҲдڣǾ֣Ĳҽ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһըתȾյر
ͥ콫Ƭ磬˱ɱƬʿʼ⣬Ȼͥһ콫ȴǺѵֵ
쿴ƬƬ磬ɽ̮ʿһһҽͥһ콫¾ְƬʿֵȴûж֡
ⲻû֮ģǣƬ֮Уȱ֤Լܹҵҵ׻С̫ǣûйľȥЩİˡ
طͥʿǿҲʥΣתرȥеϢһ㳯Զȥ
Сһʹ񵽵
Ƭ翪ʼͥ콫¾룬ƬطҲһͥ콫¾Ƭڵ飬£ܵС̫Ͱ׻ϾСһͰ׻ΪȻȴҲֻǲʥ磬ͥĻΣա
ԼϢԼΣƬһЩǳƫƧλöȥԶսܿǿ˼Զľ롣
¡
ǰռͥʿһӣѪ⵱Ž
ӲСǧ໧˼ңͨķˣһʱ䣬Ӷʱҡ

кͯŵĴޡ
ǰһŮӱһնԽѪˮĿġ
̫ˣ嶼δﵽкδڵ壿Ц
ͥʿֻ̧̣ӵն£󣬺ͯĿʧһƬѪ
ʲô
㣡
ҽ;صڴУӵͥʿֻ࣬о˶ѣǣЩͨĴԣŸͥʿ޷ͿĴڡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮʣҽڻصͨСһӭǳĺߣǵĺͯŸ콫ǲŹ֮ɱ
ԭѾǴ㲢Ƭİ˵ΪⳡУֽȫЩҵС̫Ͱ׻ɾЩͨķҲͥ콫¾иеӤŹЩܲˡ
˵
¶ɭɭĺ⣬ǾŸ콫Ϊֻ̫̣Ǳʶ뵽Լɱʮͨˣʱһŭͷ
ﬣ
ХһʱˣһСڣ۳ʥ⽣һ׼һкնµͥᴩ۵һԷ顣
Ųµкңǲʱ˫۴ͣԭһҲѾȫˣ·ֲˣƺʶʧˡ
ӣк
ʥԴӿӿкڣк͵˫۽Щ
кɪɪи˾֡
ԣ£û¡
챧кº͵
ֻǣͨкﾭ£ϤһɱĸҲºͣȴҲ޷һ˲Ĩеľ֣ʱ챧ţסķûдޣɲֵ˫ȴ¡
ΪֶµᣬҲΪһʧȥ˫׵ʹµᡣ
Скģһʱ䣬ɵЩۡ
ͬʱҲ֪ʱڣСкľֺʧȥ˫׵ıʹһ˲΢ݻɵֱӽСкС
һƬʵĴ磬СкУκ⡣
ʲôˣ
ɱӵ˸ͥȻע⵽״ʱǿ˹ȫϡ
һ̣˸붯ݡ
ֻ֡壡
ʿǿȴҲɼˮ׼ʱ򣬿ʡ
һʱ䣬˵۾ȫˣǾȻ˴˵еֻ壡

һ̣ȫˣȫȥ
˵еֻ徹Ȼǰ֮ҲޱȾϲΪ˵УֻıԴ̺һпԣؼһ屦֮Ҫˡ
һʱ䣬˹ɼѹӿʮռ䣬Ӳͬλóѹ¡
ӱ䣬ˣкâһû
һ̣۵ģ˹Ѫ飬˸ͥըȫ
㣬㡭
һƬưܣȾѪǧĴֻ˻ţʱ죬϶Ǵžֹ֣סķ
ҲʱԶգռмǿʥӿطٶ
һӰ󣬸ʮ


2116 ֮
ʮӰתۼ伴ǰڴӵĲ֮ϣն
оϤϢȻϣ
ʮӰ죬һƬ䡣
⣬⡭
ŵٴովŸͥɱ˿ֿһĻһʮӰնȳ֪Ļ棬һɵöĸ
쿴űʮӰҲǶݣлһĨâ㣡
ǸϤˣںʱԷԻ֣һαϾƹĨɱڶαֻĨα飬Ȼʮʥʹֿˡ
ͬʱ˳һΣԷӦǱҸӦ˶ԷΪ׾
ǼϼһƽƬ棬ֻ壬ȻˣñЩˣ벻ϣȻֻ壬ĲС
죬ʮʥʹĵͬʱտտľâ֯
ԣ΢ԷеġǼϼһӦָͥǼ棬Ǽͥ棬ɱͨͨ켶ڶͬնһ㣬ʮʥʹֻ׼ΪȴĳƺǼͥΪϼһ
ݵǲһ㡣
ŶԷ
ʮʥʹ΢ۣȻ֪ĻƲһЩ΢С
һֻϣϧȴûκεô죬ֱ̧֣ץȥȡӣѹΨһǰúõĥһܣ
׼ѹ֯ᣬ˵ٵ߻Ǻйأٴμ죬αٻĺһ𱬷ʮա
ӭŶԷĴѹ׼ѹʹ΢ۣϾֻǲŴʥڶѣӭ׼ǿߣѿԵס
ֻǣıȴûһ˿һı仯û¶ηͼɵ
ˣ
ʥԽ֯⣬磬ֱӽطڻŵٴһС
ǣʮʥʹлһĨâӣѾݻˣô˵ţЦΪʡȴ˲ʱ䡣
˵Ȼ̽ĴӡʥŨӡգš
αٻһα٣Ȼ䣬ֲã

Ż䣬һжʱöֱ顣
ʱһɫζĹν̼֯ӿȥסΪĵķԲпռ䡣
ʮʥʹ΢ѹĴӡʥһӱ˥˺ܶ࣬ҼɢľҲǷɿ
ϣ
׼ʮʥʹӵһ
оΣ
ƽ
Ƭ߹طһֱΪӭӴ׼һֱǡ䵤Ϊ׼ĵҩʹʿսһ̶ϱ
ȻֻԼµʿãңЧֻάְʱ䡣
ţö䵤ʹʮʥʹսʱֱӱֻʥΡ
ʮʥʹӱʥսѹʥڶصϣ㹻ˣ
Ż䣬Ĵӡѹ䡣
ʥӿȡ
ûʲôֱһȭӭϡ
һ̣һ죬˵ȭƺȻײһ
ϵգƬƬ̮
飡
ʮʥʹɣֱ۱ѣѪˮϡ
㡭
ԶסΣʮʥʹɫˣȻһȭˣңˡ
쿴ŶԷûʲôֱȥ
׼µսУ޵еġ
ವһٶȼ죬ֻת۱ʮʥʹǰһƳ
ž
ʵʵһ⣬ٴνʮʥʹɣݻѪˮϡ
ʮʥʹŭ¶̹ǵɱ쾹Ȼʵʵһ⣡
ϣͺʮʥԣ֣֮У
һƬռ𶯣Ϣ
춯ݣԷսѹƵʥΣʱȴЩֲȻһɴѹ
Ҫ֪ʥ۷սҲһ˿ѹŶԡ
ֱ۵˵һ㣬ԷѪǳֲ򣬲սʥ£ѹ
ʱȻо˴ѹǱȴûʲô仯
ˣ
ֻͼ֯ʥͺϢֱĳӭȥ
һ˲䣬ײһ𣬱⡣
͵һʮʥʹֱӱ飬ֻͼƲŶԷѹ䣬һڶԷϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽʮʥʹֱӱѹķ顣


2117 
ʮʥʹ飬Ѫ䶯ת۱۳
ϣ
죬ʱʮʥʹɫø׼ǿߣȴ䵤սѹƵʥΣȻת۱һǾ޴ĳ裡Ҫ֪𰡣
쿴ˣɫûʲô仯һֿԷ
ﬣ
߶콣ɫĽת۱鲼ʮӸͬĽǶնԷ
ʮʥʹʥԽܼ֯ĽâӭϣȻȴǸУʥתۼǱȫն飬ɫ콣âƺƵն˹ȥ
ۣ
ѪˮŽһâؿڹᴩƬѪˮ
󣬻ʲôεһδλ棬ʲôĿģ
ʮʥʹһԷ
²⣬ʮʥʹӦһӴȺȺҲͥҷǳ£ʵԶԶͥЩ֮ϣ򣬶ԷĳƺͥǼΪϼһ
ͥһδλ棬Ҳɻ󣬿뵽һҰģҰľʲô֪֮ǰҲѯʷ
ʮʥʹߣСϣҲ֪ĺԸ
Įٶ˵ʲôֱ٣һ˲ǳڶԷǰ
飡
ȭȭټ죬ֱڶԷϣһ㽫Էĺɡ
ѪˮһƮڿС
ֱ̧֣ӡƺƵĳŶԷѹ䡣
ʮʥʹסΣ죬ɭЩ
ʼΪӲˣȶһʱ䣡
ôһ仰ʮʥʹͷߣΪѾǺսѹƵʥ𼶱𣬲Ķ֣ǿһսпܻС
ವһٶȺܿ죬תۼǿȥԶ
ֱ׷ϡ
ңӶ콣նĽɫ⣬ŶԷƺƵѹȥ
ۣ
һâʮʥʹĺ󱳴ƬѪˮ
ʮʥʹһɫҧأܲһ졣
Ųȴû˿ͣ٣ԸٶԶݡ
Ҫѹʲô
ٶȱø졣
ﬣ
ϵĴ߶콣ܼĽâԴԴϵĳŶԷնȥʱʱнâԷᴩƬѪˮ
ʥʥʹˣ
Ƭڣͥ콫׷ɱʮʥʹܿ㱻һЩ콫󣬵һĻ콫ȫˣɱ졣
Щ콫Ϊʥսңһʥ

Įʥѹϯ
۵ģЩһʱǺɣһԶը鿪ʥڵǿҲ⣬͵ס
Ŀֻʮʥʹϣݲһ㣬Ӧ֪ܶأҪԷѹ£ӶԷѰϢ
ﬣ
Ӷ콣ǴƬתۼʮʥʹ˼͸ѪѪˮϡ
ʮʥʹŭޱȣ׷ɱһδνشɱ񱩡ֻǣɱ񱩣ȴ֪ס죬ֻѡӶݡ
׷󣬲ú콫ǰɱʥصǿߣʥǳȴסת۾ͱĨɱ
ܿ죬Сӹȥܲͥ콫ǰɱ׷ʮʥʹǰֱ̧ѹ¡
󵨣
ҲʱͷźԶĴƬա
΢ӵһ켶
ûԥֱʮʥʹٶȺˣҼһ̨һռŻֱӿС
Ϊֵ켶ǿߣµЩ׼ҲʹԺεǿ߶սֻǿʱԱѡ
ವһ˲ϢʧԭأǵռŻҲһʧ
һ˲䣬ʾͷ켶ǿ߿ʮʥʹǰ
ˣû°ɣ
˹
ʮʥʹɫȾѪɱ⡣
ȥҳ׷Ƭ磬ʱҪٵȽֻҳ
ʮʥʹɭ
ǣˣ
嵽켶ǿȻѾǿ죬Ҳ֪ʮʥʹеġϡָ죬ǵͷʥԴʮʥʹܿ뿪ط
Ҫ׵ķƬ磬켶ģ뿪ȴʮʥʹȥȫĵطϲĴǣʮʥʹ

Ƭڣɱڸϯ綼
һƬǳߵɽ֮УпռŻ֣п
²ʵʵϣɨܡ
ţ̨Ϊ̾Ŀռ䴫󣬿˲Ϣ͵ﷶΧڵκεطҲΪ׼֮һ
ȴûǰ׼£ͨ켶ǿ֮£ûס
ʲô뿪Ƭ磬ȥطѰСһǴ



2118 ɱ
һֱѰС̫Ͱ׻Ѿ߹ʮƬ磬Ƭļ磬ҲҹطȻûг׽Ƭ߱飬ȴвͣĴ̽ϢϧȫûҵκйС̫Ͱ׻ټ
룬Сһİ׻ӦҲƬ磬ÿȥѰҡ
߰ɡ
뿪Ƭˡ
磬ʵʵ޷ƿϵģƸԽƿ϶뿪
¡
ͻȻҪȡԽ׼ƿʱƬ
Ϊ֮ҡԼεĴڷӿʹݡ
ˣ
ݣʱоƬı仯һǳ˵֯Ƭ֮ڣ·ǽƬ绯һһС
ȡԽԴ߶ɫһȻԤϵǰ㣬ƵԽʱûˡ
ƬǣǶڣʥǻĻᣬץסӴǰɴƬĴţ
һɭȻƬںƵҲ֪ԺֶνȥʶӻƬĸ䣬Ȼģ
ʶӻڵԼģӵúܱ䡣
ϤȻʮʥʹ

ԷųȻٲȻǽ˻ԨΪƬʿǺѵסͥɱ£ץס͵ƬľܻõƬĴ󲿷ʿֻҪ㶼ᳯ֡
ͥʿҪĨɱƬ飬ҪٵƬ磬ֻҪҲѹɱһֱʹƬΪʧ֮ġ
ƬķҲǹյĸɵİɡ

ʮʥʹֻ׼ΪܷĴ磬һͨǿ߶Էݺ⣬ӦܺƬڵͥǿߡ
ͥ漶Ƭɣ
ü
Ƭǳ嫣ɿ磬ҪסĴ磬κ˽ǧͨ켶ǿߺֻͥĴڻͥǿĴڲпܰõ
ȻҲųʲôǳĹűȣҲԷסĴ硣
ԭأɵü
ʱ벻Ƭ磬ֽ֮ƬʿĹ⡣
ʱҸεĵط
ͻȻɫ΢ƫͷطĶϷȥ
ڸղţʶе߲ͻȻ߲ʶУˮư㳯ŶϷȥ
Ⱦǰÿη½ƬʱķӦһģһ
¶տտľâһʱڿն𣬳ŶϷٳȥ
µĽƬ
ɵЩϲ
ಣ
ٶȷǳ죬һƿܿǿʮɵľ롣
¡
ǰһƬɽ䣬Ƭʿڼսͥ콫ҲƬڵʿʥݺᣬһƬƬưܣɽһ̮
ǡλҪѹˣ
ǡֻ壿
ͥ콫죬Ϊʥεʥβȣ죬ǶݣһپϳʮʥʹҪѹץˣҿʣֻ塣
Ȳʣѹץȥ֮λ˱ضͣ
ǿ콫ڣֱӳȥ
ط콫Ҳ죬ʱͣ¶ƬʿĹɱдžâļֵɱЩ̫ˣ߼ȫûпɱԡ
ͬһʱ䣬ط֮ǰһ콫ƬʿҲǶݣĿⶼϡ
ǣǸˣ
ץסͲˣ
Щʿ죬˶߬ȭͷͬͥ콫㣬ȫ˹ȥʶ졣
ƽգЩ˻Ϊʶ𾪣ʱЩûУֻţץסԻԲñɱ
һʱ䣬طԭͥʿʿȫ졣
쿴Щ˳ɨͥһ콫û⡣
Ŀ䵽ɱƬЩʿϣɵ÷һЦĮࡣ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ뵽ˣ֪ƬĴ󲿷ʿ󣬶Ϊ˻֣һĻȴ̲ס̾Ϣ
ɱ
ͥҪƬ磬¾Ƭ飬ԭƬЩʿӦͥ콫ΪԼвŶԣԷƴŶԣΪ˻ЩȴʮʥʹĻʱ
Ϊ˻Լĵ˻ӶеıϷŵȥˣ
ڳԼĽζԵԼƬأ


2119 µĽ
ͥһ콫ĳȺʿɱıһƬĮ
Ĳûͣ£ŶϷȥ
ͬһʱ䣬нâԻһ곯ն
ɱһȺ콫ǱɫӭĽâʱв
һ̣Щ콫˲Ϣ֪ˣǷûܿʵǿ̫ˣǿԶԸˡ
ˣ
ʥ۷弶콫ͣ³ȥ콫ɿˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һʿҲǱɫһˡ
ֻǣնĽâٶȣǺ˵ٶ̫ˡ
ת۶ѣƬ콣âһȺ˸û
ѪˮŽһƬƬѪըһ콫һʿ˲ϢǶ³ûһ˴
ϾЩУǿҲʥ۷壬οܵסʥ𾳽죿
նУĨɱЩˣ˿Ҳ⣬ܿԶƬ
ٶȺܿ죬ڽŶλöȥĹУȺϺüͥ콫ΧɱЩ콫ΪҲֻʥһأ콫һתۼ㱻Ĩɱ
ͬʱ̣ҲʿҪץס׸ʮʥʹЩˣȻҲû飬ȫնڽ¡
˵ҪٵĴ磬Ȼͨͨ켶ǿߺҲ֮ͥҪôٵƬ磿ʱۻƻǿͥĴֻƬ磿һλöȥһ˼ǣȻͥǵȼĴڶԾܻٵƬ磬ΪҪЩ콫ƬĸɱҪ
Щ⡣
Ǹ࣡
λ˵Ҫѹˣ
ͻȻһǰͥ콫֣֮ࡣ
ܣϵʬһһߣ֪ж٣ƬʿͥЩ콫СƬڣѾƬʿ
ץ
콫պýƬڵƬʿնǿ֣е˿ڣ콫ȫȥ˴ʥ𼶲ΣˣǴʥ쵽ʥ۷岻ȡ
ıûκα仯ֱ̧֣һ¡
䣡
һƣΪһڴͨʥڶʵֱӱա
۵ģƬͥʿըֻʣһʥ𼶱ʿ
ʥʿȴǻȾѪ˺صˣʱٿ죬ɫȫˣ̲סɪɪ
콫ʥǿߣٶʥʿȴһƾͽȫĨɱˣֻʣһ˻ţǺεȿֲսңֵǣˣƺղһ˰ֱ
巢ֱӳԶȥ
ֻǣſûԶǺݺһϵĿռ䣬ȫˡ
ʮռ䣬˽ǰֱӡ˽
ţȷʵ˵Ϊ콫ǿģѰͥλƬ磬Լͥ¡
㡭ʲô
ʥ𼶵콫̲סһʱев
첻˵ʲôֱ̽û˵ʶѰ֪һС
ܿ죬ݣһĨ⡣
˵ʶУ֪ͥЩ콫Ƭ磬֮ǰ򲻶ɱ飬ҪЩɱһЩȥδɢȥȫռ󣬵ĨɱƬڵ飬ռһֱӽƬ
Ҳ֪ˣռԼƬƬĴʱλƬĴһֱڼȡƬ
ǵʲôƬģôңԶľ룬ͬʱȡиձɱ
ľ
ȥɢȥԱȡңȻŵ飬ȥ׼ȡǣֻһܸǰңԶľ룬ͬʱȡƬиЩˣǺεȷ
ңһ㣬ֱӻٵһƬĺĽָǺεȵĿ£ͥĴڣӵܻ𿰱ǵȼҪƳһֱӻٵȴĽҲİɣ
ƳȿͿ½Ĵڣ׵жǿ󣿣


2120 ˵Ĺʬ
ͥ
Щأеǿֲ
ԭض˶٣ٴѰͥǸʥʿʶһΣڶԷʶҵ˹ʮʥʹһЩϢ
֮ػһ壿
ü
ʥʿʶУѰʮʥʹ֪һޱȿֲȴѰĶ
ȡ
գߡ
֮ػһ壬ʹߣ
Ѱʥʿʶֵ֪һ㣬Ƭͥǿߴͨ켶ΣʮˣҶͨͨ켶ǿܹȣ֮ͬڽһʮսˡ
ѰͥȡͻĿģǣ£ʥ𼶵ͥ콫ȴǲ֪ˣȻ֮ͥڵļԶԶûʸ֪¡
ӶԷʶջأֱӵһָԷüĹᴩʹʶе飬ֱ䡣
ԭض˶٣΢˼£ٴζˣŶλȥ
ܹ֪ģڶѾ֪ˣ˽࣬ʱҳƬǵǰҪ顣
ٶȷǳ죬ҿʼֶڼϢһЩǳƫƧĽ䳯ƬĶλöȥ
ܿ죬չȥƬһƬ嫵ɽǰ
ȥɽǳͨûκγĵطһ㲻ȥɽ롣
ƺƬɽڡ
ǰɽ룬
֮ǰʶеӦȷƬԾƬɽС
£ûԥֱǰܿǿɽڡ
ɽ֮ڣľĲܼҲϡ裬ȥѾ˺ƾõ¡
ˣ
ͻȻʶУ߲񽣶߲ʶˮư㵴
£һĨâȻƬɽڣ
߲㷴ӦƬɽڸӦ˽ƬϢ
£ֱӳƬɽڵλöȥ
ܿ죬߳ǧԶǰͻȻһưܵɽߣǳۣżȻɨɽʱȴǵ͵һ
ǣ
ɽߴԼʮķΧһʯ̨ϾһӰţоκȻû˺Ȼһʬ壬ʹûɵһļ¸У·Ǿʬǻ֮Դ㡣
һ˲˲Ķʬ壬˶ٺСĳǷɽȥ
СģԽԽɽߣеǹļ¸бǱԽŨң嶼ɵñʹĹͷɵø°͵죬һεĴǰǾʬϴܹﶼѹһ㡣
ҧĪѹһǰʬǰ
һߣϵķޱȹϣҲ֪һʱˣȻʬ壬ȴû˿ҲûиɿݣȴûϢ޷֮⣬ûʲô
ʹľҪ֪һԣκ֮󣬲֮ǶɢߣԷȥѾȥܾԶˣȴȫûɢЩˡ
ǺεȲεǿߣȥ֮ȫûϢɢ
ʬϣԥһ˲ʬ֮ϡ
󣬶ʱ䣬͵һ˲亹৵һ½˻Ǳһд̵˰㡣
ˡ
ļ¡
֮ǰδʬǰһĪѹʱ򣬵̧ʬʱȴǸо˸ӿֲѹѹ͵ͥǼϸоѹȣ˿Ҳѷɫ
ǰͥЩ棿ǿ
Ȼ
ͬʱڹʬʱоʬڵʥǳĻңҺܿ񱩣ʹģƲ˶Է
طչس߲Σȴǳ⣬ʥȱÿ񱩣Կƣգ񱩵ʥ͵ʶе꣬ɴ˶
ü
ԣʱһ˲˳
ſڣһʱЩ̲ס̾ϢУΣء
ôһͥ棬ͥǿĴڣ󣬾Ȼڱչв䱯
ǰĹʬʮ󽥽عоâ֡
ջ񣡡
ôһǰܿͥ棬ڱͥЩǿĴڣȥڵʥɴڣȫ࣬˵ٲȻһڳɱ
ʬԦֻƾʬǿȣҲԿԺɱһͨ켶ǿߡ
ʬһĳԷ񣬶ɵСĽ֮뵽ɵ֮ڡ
ģ֮ػһ壿ЦҪˣ


2121 ɱ
ôһǳͨɽڣȻôһ˵Ĺʬʵܾȣƽ̹ĴͻȻһѻƽ㣬Щ˼顣
ܿǽȲ˼жô˳Ծԣվһ£һڳɱⳡĴ֮սУ˸ĵԱȫȥϣ̫ࡣ
ʬһƬĴɨۣϴЦƾĸоɽȥ
ɽͨ޶ͷЩͨĶԼȥʱɽڿɾ롣
ʱǰһᴩƬɽ룬ܴطʶе񽣵Ƕ֯˿˿߲ԣֱָǰĺ֮¡
ûԥһֱӿ֮¡
ǱܿײдƬˮݴ
ԶһѻɫʯںףһȭͷС߲ʹԴƮʯԼ䡣
ҵˣ
иâں˿Ӱ죬һ絽߲ʹԴǰ
߲ʹԴȻµĽƬ
ʥϵˮԴһĽƬֱûڣʶڵ񽣱ԡ
һ̣Ƭ֮ڣ񽣵˿˿Ƶ߲ӿ
ֱת̫ľʼЩ߲⡣
ˣ
⣬Խ֯һٶ
תۣʱȥ
ʱ󣬽Ƭ֮ڣʥǿʮ
ܿܿʥ죡
һĨâ΢ʥ䵽ڣ뿪
Ƭ磬ԵЩǱϯƬ硣

˫ۣңңĿƬĵش
ͥ콫Ƭɱ飬ʱʮʥʹضңƬͥʮͨ켶ǿߣӦҲв˾Ǹط׼ֱɱȥ
֮ǰѰǾ߹ʬ뵽ƬڵͥʿûһܵסҪȥƬģʮʥʹ;ͥͨ켶ǿߣȫɵ
һƬԣɵȡеǾ߹ʬԼڿֱʬ֮ڡ
ʬ֮ڣԦʬվ˫ʵʻԹʬ˫ǰոᴩԶļɽҲܵӰ죬֮µըɳ
ʹɵõһղŽֻԦ˫۶ѣȻⵥȴȻӣʵЩֱֲЩˡ
ͬʱû߹ʬڣʱ岻ɵ΢ۣΪʬ̫Ƿѹ̫޴ǿȣѿȫӦ߹ʬ
޷ʱԦⲻ󡣡

վԭأֱȥʮǿӦ߹ʬԦ߹ʬκζѾû⣬ԼɵУٽɵ
Ԧʬ̧ͷƬģûʲôԵú䡣
ֱ̧֣˺ѿǰգһͨƬλõ
Ϊ£޷ȿļ˺ɿԶĿռԦ˵ĹʬȴȫԡңԸ⣬Ƭıͥ˵ϣҲ׵˺ѿ
Цֱӿ˺ѷڣ˲Ϣʧԭء
Щ谵Ԧʬʮ󣬱ǴпһƬµĵط
ȥĵƺƽ̹Ĵһ޴ĹȻʱ޽ûʲôֻϰٵͥʿڹΧ
ЩʿҲǴʥΣ켶ǿߡ
ԦʬȻ֪޴󹬵ͥƬһսӪңڹ֮ڣӦʮʥʹϢ
ģӭˣ
ЦͬʱԦʬֱһȭ
˵һյһʱ飬޴Ĺᴩһ޴Ŀ
ϯ޴󹬵ܣȴ켶ǿ⣬ͥʿڵһʱǱ飬嶼δȫ
ʲôˣ
켶ǿ߾ŭ㤣Ѫ鲼Ѻۣ·ѵմɰʱܱ飬ϵԦĹʬ
Ҳʱƿһ𣬱ľ޴󹬵ڣʮһӰУʮ˴ͨ켶Σޱǿᣬһ˱ʮȻʮʥʹ


2122 ɱͨ죬
ͥʮͨ켶ǿ̤Ƭ磬жʮȥƬĸսֻʣʮΪͬļڣȻͨ켶ǿߴڣһ콫Ӧˡ
񷣬ͥʮͨ켶ǿߺʮʥʹ΢
ģּˡ
ʮʥʹЦŴ
ʮʥʹʮͨ켶ǿߣΪź⣬ҲǰⲢǻˣʱ촫һ٣󵱼Ƕݡ
㣡
Ϊ׼ǿߣʮʥʹȻǲף֪ǰ죬٣죬ڲǰʬ
ˣǣ
Աߣʮͨ켶ǿУʵ
ʮʥʹԦĹʬֻ壬ʬС
⻰һʮͨ켶ǿ߶Ƕݡ
֮ǰʮʥʹ׷죬ʮͨ켶ǿȻ֪ʱʮʥʹĻжǲɵоâ֯
ץ꣬ȻѰı壡
ʮʥʹ
ҲʱȻһЦԦŹʬֱ̧֣ʮʥʹץȥ
ֻͨĶ֣ϵֱӱһƬռ
ƣʹʮʥʹһʮͨ켶ǿҲɫһ
ⵥǹԿͨ켶ǿ߼һͨˡ
ˣ
һͨ켶ǿߵȻΪʮʥʹǿ࣬ͥڵĵλȴԶԶԷʱֱվ˳ֳ̧ȥ
תۼ䣬˵ĴֺԦʬѹĴײһ
ۣ
ѪˮŽͨ켶ǿߣֱֱӷ飬ͬһɡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ԧʬƶٶȿ켫˲ɳȥǰһȭ¡
ˣ
һ죬ƺҪ̮һȭȵڶԷؿϡ
۵һһΣͨǿߵըֻ걣дž㤣Լٺˡ
Ȼ˿ᣬԦʬһȭȥ
ֻǴȴֲˣϵոʹöԷ룬һֱ̱һȭУֱӱķѡ
飬
ˣȻ
ô᣿
طǼ˵ȴŵ켶ǿߣһɫ䡣
ͨ켶ǿߣ֮ͥڱͥһȻתۼͱĨɱˡ
ǾŸʮʥʹһҲǶɫʮʥʹŭѰ߹ʬ
Ϊ׼ǿߣʮʥʹȻĳǰ򵥵Ļɱͨ켶ǿߣȫǿĹʬ֮
ЦӦٴζ֣Ԧʬʮʥʹƹȥ

ʮʥʹУˣԦʬ򵥵ĺɱһͨ켶ļ¡
䣬Ÿͨ켶ˣԼѹȥ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģƬռ𶯣ƺʱܱ١
Ц𶯹ʬлҵʥʬ̼佫ԲڵĿռ
Ǻ㣬죬ûܾȵ㣡

Ż䣬Ԧʬһȭӳ
˵һպŸͨ켶ͨһʱ䱻ȫ顣
ңȭںƵûɢ˵󣬽ȫɣǴڵĿѪ
һĻʹþٴαɫʮʥʹͻŵļ켶ǿߣҲ͵һ
ֻԴһȭȻƣȸղŸˣ

Ÿͨ켶ǿУһҧֱһӡɳеıâΪһڷǳǿͨ켶ƺɽһѹ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ֣ʱ򣬶Ǽǿͨ켶
ڵһ𣬾ȫ߶ɢɱϢ󣬹ǿĺˡ
ԦʬһЦ
ܲ
ֱӶˣֱĳ˳ȥ
ſ񣡡
ɫɭڵ嫵ɱâǵ
ɱ֮ǰֻͨʱǿʮ֮࣬ҪһС
Ȼһ̣˵һԦʬȭֱӽԵĹȫ߽⡣
ৣ
߽ڵĹԦʬһǳһͨ켶ǿǰһȭڶԷϣԷֱӻ飬һѽԷͨ켶¡
һذϿӡģ·ɵĸ
Ȼ˲оĲзǳ˵ͨʥܡ
ſ
˸ͨǿߺȵžŭͬʱ֣ٴγ
ߣֻǼ򵥵һȭ˼Ĺ
𶯹ʬڵһʥذڵ˵ľӡĨ
ǵĵҲ
Цذ𣬶Ԧʬֱ̧֣ѹ¡
ңԦʬһһֱâɱâոؾ۳Ƕذ˻ȥ


2123 ʬԶ
ʬ֪жôǿʱ¹ʬڵʥʵʻɱתۼǹᴩǶذǰ
ۣ
ѪŽͨ켶ǿߣһըס⡣
ͬʱԦʬ̧֣˸ȫס
һʱ䣬ģ˸סԦʬӳĹȫɣһǴڿѪ
Ҳʱٴ̧֣Ԧʬֽ˵ĵȫץС
ˣ
ʬڵһ˿ʥһ˲佫ڵڵľӡȫĨЩȫڡ
лˡ
Ц
ʱڣɻ˾ڵ
ÿһڿɶǼֵ
˸סΣǾŭ

ͨͨǿߺӵУΪͥұҲһͨǿǿϲ٣ԶиԵĵȴ㱻ߡ
ͬʱ߶ذǸٴؾ۳Ҳһȥ
ԦʬȻһЦֱһƻӳ
һƣ˸ǿ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽŸͨ켶ٴκɣѺۣѪˮסʡ
ҲʱԦʬ˲һǰֱһȭѹ¡
۵һ

ݳžֺ;ŭɿĺˣԦĹʬ롣
ֻǣٶȿԶԶ죬һǿ˹ȥ

һֵԦʬһȭѹ£ȭñ֮ǰӵ
ֻоһѹ̲סУס֣
ͨ켶ǿߣҲǻ
Цȭ˿һֱ˵֮ϡ
͵һ˵굱Ǳķѡ
⣬⡭
طŵ켶ǿߣĲ
Źȥãͥһɱˡ
ʮʥʹҲ־ŭ̲סʲôȫȫ
ƫͷɨָᵯһ𶯲һԷ
ǿ𶯺ֱӽʮʥʹᴩѪˮĽ
룬һ߰Ŀţһʱ䡣
бӶԷ
Ҫɱʮʥʹ˵ǺףʱûɱԷΪҪԷڣӶԷѰһЩ֪Ķң֮ƻȼƻҲҪԷš
ʮʥʹؿڱᴩһѪɫһ²԰˲٣ŭ죺ϣ㾹ҡ
ž
̧֣ԦʬֱһڶԷϣԷĺɡ
мݣʺѪˮڵ֮ϡ
˵ˣҪ롣
˵
һƣǿ򣬶ֻ׼ΪʮʥʹԦʬһƾֱӽԷĵ
ˣ
ôĵӣ
˸ŵͨ켶ŭֳ졣
ЦԦʬֱӭϡ
µ
Ԧʬȭõ֮ǰκһζҪࡣ
ͥİ˸ͨȫ⣬ȻȴǸס
ۣ
һընݳԶǱһȭУ鿪׵ʧ

߸û˿飬Ԧʬ͵ȭͷһδε¡
طƬռ䣬סı顣
棬ס̮

ҽлصܿ죬һɱ
ʣµж˾֣ȫƶʮʥʹԡ
ˣ뿪
һ˵
ԦǾ߹ʬʵֲ̫ˣֻǴܷһУǵĸоУͥЩ漶ڻҪˣǸס
뿪ڣûء
Ԧʬ˹
ʬڵʥѾܵȫˣͨͨ켶ǿߣԲܴȷ
Ԧʬѹ䣬˵ѹҡ
־ŭòӭϣΪԦʬܣƵֻӭ
䣡
˵Ĵײռ䲻ϵưܣһδαɣѪɫ
󣬲ҽһ
ԦʬսЩͨ켶Ĵڣû˿ѹȫѹԵսֻʬǼ򵥵Ļȭͽ˵Ĺȫ
֮תۼȥͨ켶ɱֻʣһţ죬Ǿ֣̲סŵŵɵĺˡ
ЦɨʮʥʹǼŵ켶ǿߣԦʬطһͨ켶ȥ
һ̣ͻȻŲһͣͷһ¡
ղţԦĹʬֵָͻȻһ£ȴûмԦʬĶ


2124 ֲһ
ô£
ļ£ʬڣԦʬղûҪ嶯ָŶԣǣʬȴжˣһʱ궼ɵñ
£ԭأ̽ʬʬȫ̽˸飬ȴȫûз쳣û˿Ϣʶе꣬Ҳȫڡ
ѵҵĴ

û꣬ûϢҲûҲܶġ
ԭֶ˶٣ٴθӦʬĸ䣬ûзκε쳣ǲٶ룬طһͨ켶ֱӿ˹ȥ
һס֣ͥΪУ㲻С
졣
촫˲ǳǰֱһȭѹ¡
۵һͨ켶ֱӱķ飬Ψǿ
δȶԷüӶݣֶ֣һȭȥ
ͣ
һ죬˵һ飬
죬ǡ
ô᣿
ܣŵ켶ǿߣ̲ס
ƫͷɨ⼸ˣֱӻ֣ϵĿ𶯣ռо
۵ģѪˮŽ˵켶ǿ߸סһʱǱͬҲһС
һʱ䣬طֻ֮ͥʣʮʥʹ
ʮʥʹԦʬһŶԷȥ
ӭԦʬʮʥʹ־ŭв˺⣺ɵ࣬ɸһս
ǰЩӣ㲻Ǳҵ׷ɥ֮Ȯ㣿
㣡
ʮʥʹʱǾŭ
ҲʱԦʬһǳǰ
ʮʥʹ̲סһɫĺȵס֣֮
飡
ȭֱӴĻʹöԷѪ
ȻһȭȫûʲôֱһȭͽԷˡ
ɱ飬ռٵһƬһƬ棬ʲôĿģ
ŶԷʵ
ǰ֪ģһƬһƬ棬ͥźεȾ޴Ұġ
ʮʥʹӿѪӭ⣬ҧܻ㣡ӣûʡ
ž
̧֣϶ԷĻֱһƳڶԷϣڶԷָӡ
㵱һҲ㲻ڵ״ôţЦΪ㲻˵Ҿû֪ˣʶ꣬ѵҲ᣿
˵ţֱӼ̯ԷʶʼڶԷʶѰ֪¡
ʮʥʹ¶֣еסס֣ǽɣнӡҲ˵ҲܴըǶ
ԣݡ
֪£ͥǽɣнӡʮʥʹʶУ
ǵȶ
һЩϵĴУΪ˱ԼڵҪž鱨ȲйһЩҪž֪鱨ĵʶƣһƵ뽫Ҫž鱨йѻ괥һƱըԽǿĴӡµƣܱԽ¡
ͷ΢ʮʥʹеĽӡٲȻǺһĶңӦɷǳµӡ£򣬲ʮʥʹͻȻ㾪֡
ǣɱȵͥЩ棬νǽӡвõҡ
ŶԷ̽
㡭ʮʥʹô˵ϵľֱøŨˣʥӡ£ȻǱЩǿǧ˴Ҳڵһʱ𣡡
ԣͷһͥǿǧ˴˲ʶеĽӡô£ӡȽӡˣָõǺεȵĿֲ
΢ݣ̯ԷʶеʱȴѰͥɱռͻһƬƬĿģΪʮʥʹĻЩɵԷĻģóȻȥ̽Ѱǵ£ľ
ʱʼԷһʵжǿţ¾Բܻʲôɡ
ܿ죬ʮʱȥ¶â̲סһ
ѰԷʶ֪һľʵԷȺ࣬ѪȴǷǳرÿһͨ壬ԽʵǿߣԽࡣ
Уʮ൱ײΣʮ൱Σʮ൱ͨΣʮͥǵȴڣʮߣͥǿ򱶣֮ϣʮߣԼǿʮߡ
⡭
𺳡
һڣʮ߾ͱͥǵȴҪǿ֮࣬ǣʮߣõǺεǿ᣿֮ʮߣָжֲ


2125 
ѰʮʥʹʶЩˡ
ԷȺֱֲ̫ˣ
ô֪ˣʮʥʹȻ֪ʶѰһʵ𺳵ı飬ΪˣɵЦʵʵķſ򣬵ȴģҡ
ž
ֱ̧֣һڶԷϡ
ʮʥʹʱŭ㣡
쾹Ȼֳһ⣡
ʲô㣿;ˣҪнľ򣬻вң
쿴̧һӡ
ԷȺǺֲܿΣηǿС
ٿֲҲǵˣ׵ģηġ
ʮʥʹͶѪŭ죬ʱȴǲвˡ

Ц
漴Ԧʬʮʥʹطȥ
Ĳ÷ǳݻû⣬ֱλá
һʯңƿʯҶ룬һ۾Ϳʯе̨һ̨ϰڷһƿϢŨһϢ֯ɵĴڡ
һ̨Ĵһں׶֪Ժֲ϶ɣϲ˷µƹӡ󲿷Ѿ˼̨֮ڡ
ƿ⺮׶ӵΪ֮һ
ռɻټĽ
ڹ⣬ѰʮʥʹʶʱȻҲرѰ֮ǰѾϸϢԲֱ
ƿѾܸӦڵжֲˣޱһڷɿǿµ뵽СԭȻҲ֪Ϊ÷ͬʱȡƬڸȥͥʿƬڸɱԣȻǹĳ
ƿЩ£вɵ⣬Ϊռɱ飬Ϊֱԡ
ƶĿ⣬Ǻ׶֮ϣ߽˼ۿ겻ɵ΢
ȷʵֲܿ

ʱ򣬽ֻվǰź׶Ǹо·һķ籩Ҫֱ
ȸоǳˣѵõһɾ㤡
ϧˡ
ʮʥʹʶõϢں׶ѾƬڣΪԲ֮ܽȡͨ켶ǿҲǲС
⺮׶ԹԵҡҡͷĿٴǿƿ֮ϣ˼֮ɨŵʮʥʹƬͥʿȫϻص
ʮʥʹҧȫʲô֪˾ٵĿģȴܰٷ֮ٵĿ϶Ŷͥõ¡
ʲôһۼȻ׹⡣
ƽ
ʮʥʹͥڵݺ⣬ֻҪƬڵͥʿԲΥ棬ضڵһʱϻصʱ֣ԦʬлصͥʿȫĨɱһ
ôʵûʲôʵʵĺôͥĵˣôԴͥұҲûʲôѶȣʮʥʹԦʬǿ׵
ȻˣΪβ
˵ʲôʮʥʹԱɫܣԲô
ž
ֱ̧֣һ⡣
˵ˣҪнľûּۻ۵أ쿪ڣӶԷʵʵ˵ȥ֮ұһ·㣡
ʮʥʹǶݣӭвɵһ㣬㡭
ﬣ
һ֮ǰͨ켶ذУ֯ͨ켶ѹֱѹʮʥʹĲϡ
û̫ģǲ
Ŷذ΢΢һʱʮʥʹĲӸһѺۣʺѪˮӿ˳
ʮʥʹɵþֱ¶֮󣺡ס֣
в£ʮʥʹòֶʩΪʱʮʱ䣬Ƭ紫аʶӻͥʿ̸ϻصط
̾ͱյµùȥһʱŻ½ϻ죬֮ػһʮʥʹڿԷˣ
㣿쿴Ϊʲô
ʮʥʹһŭ㷽ųŵģֻҪҰͷ·
ԣɵЦ˵ĻҲţ
ʮʥʹһӾŭ㣬㾹Ȼƭ
죬·ˡ
϶ԷĻֱһƽ֮ĵ
һʱ䣬طһ±üž
⣬նʮʥʹ·ֻնһݣĿƶƿ֮ϡ
ƿֻռûĽƣֱ̧֣ӿ׵Ľ֮Ӽ̨ȡ£һɨ󵱼¶ɫ̲סһ
ƿڵĿռǳ󣬷·װһ磬˿̣ʵ̫ˣѾ۳ʵʵĹ
ЩУ˵ڼ̵ʱ̤뵽׼Σ
𺳡


2126 ɱͨ
ƿȥǳСĿռȴеʵ̫ˣʹ𺳣ô񣬻ǵһμ
նͥϵʿ뿪Ƭ磬Ѱһε

ƿڵôĻȻ𺳣ȴ⣬Ͼͥ뵽Ƭ磬Ѿ֪ɱ˶飬Щȡƿ֮Уһǳ¡
£ƿ𣬶Թʬ߳
߹ʬǳ£ѹ̫ˣУһֱڳž޴ѹ޷ʱ֧ţʱ򣬳ͥһǿ߻дһʱ̸ϵʱԼһ¡
վڹʬԣӣʱ֮ǰʬͻȻԼ¡
һǴɱʲôͻȻʬ䡣
߹ʬǰҲ֪жôǿᣬҪͻȻʬ䣬Ͳˣתۼͻᱻ̵ͷʣ¡
ôţվһԣһ
ڹžں޾ͬʱҲһڶͻʥ׳ΪЧ
תһΪ֮⣬ȣ˿˿Ʊǿʢ
ܿ죬һʱȥлһĨâ֮⿴ȥ
ˣ
ЦʱӦͨ켶ѹöʮɣҲ١
õǽƬڵȥսĶʮЩΪǿᣬЩ콫ϵٶȣҪ౶
£һֱûʬ֮ڡ
ˣ﷢ʲô
ʮȺ빬ǻصط󣬴ǼŹˣһֱ콫ǣʱһˣдƬѪˮڵ֮ϣʹԿ
һ߳һ߳ŹʯҶȻ֪żȡƿǿɻٵƬĽ
תۼ䣬ʮʯ֮ڡ
󣬶ʮˣȫڵ죬һǶݣɫ䡣
ʲôˣ
Щ֮ǰʮʥʹᵽ죬֪òʱڹʬ֮ڣЩҰǹʬȻǾͲ֪վǰ˭
ңЩ˿÷طƿˣҲһֱδѰʮʥʹɫɭ
λأ
ƿģȡˣ
ʮ˶ԦĹʬĿɱ⣬ͨ켶ѹֱӷܡ
ֱ˶ֳ̧֣ѹ¡
ЦһĻҲûУԦʬֱһȭǰ
񱩵һȭϯһһȭ
һֱֵӱ㱻ĺɣڿбǴڿѪ
㣡
ֵԶסΣ¶ݣղųֿɲûбȻȴһȭͱˣ˲ˣǵȭͷ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮŸҲݣǰһĻ
ûһ˿һⲻǻˣڲʬ壡㾿˭
ЩǷףȻʱһӱǿ˺ܶණ
˭ЦǸĲǸסƬ磬Ȼ˵˭
ʱⱩ¶ݣûʲôˣκӰ졣
Ļʮ󾪡
㡭ֻ壡
㾹ˣط
λأ
ʮ˺ȵ
Ȼˡ
ڵ
뿴һЩڵ֪ʮʥʹɱ󣬱ʲôı仯
ʲô
㾹Ҷλɱ֣𣿣
ģ㡭ôĵӣ
ʮ˵ŭ㣬ͬʱ¶㤣ǿǺʮʥʹȺжֲʮʥʹλƬʹߣ䲿£ʮʥʹȻɱˣ
£֮Ǳһ֪һҲѲ˸ϵܵͷǲҲѵһƤ

һ̣ʮûȥʮȥҲƿˣŭȫĶ죬һ֣ĳ칥ɱ
Цǻ¼һ尡ģֵ͡
Ż䣬Ԧʬ͵Ļȭ
ˣ
һȭʹ˲ٵ֮ʮֶȫ飬ңҲһ١
÷нɺ׶ʯҸһ̮ˣǽըʮʥʹʶУ֪Ҫʮͨ켶ǿʩʱٰٸʹ֮ķʽ޷ʹ֮һ˿һķӦ
Ȼʵǿᵽһ̶ȣȻҲ֮ըȡ߻ٵطȻû˾߱ʵ


2127 ȾĽ
٣ͬʱѪˮϣȫͨ켶ǿߵѪҺ
ͥʮͨ켶Ĵڣʱɣһʱ䶼ԵǱ
㣡
Щ˶죬־ŭ
ֻһȭѣȻȫˣҶ˲ˡ
ԦʬӲƵĹ߳Ŷʮͥƽ
ʬΪ׶ΣԭԿͨ켶ڣʱϰ
ˣ
ʮͥǿߣٴλȭʮһ֡
ңԼ꣬ʬڵʥ˼֣Ĳ񷶼
ʮͨ켶ǿȫ⣬ȻԼԦʬȴǸסһһεıɡ

˵ͺ
ʮͨ켶ڣʱȺ˵ۻʱÿһڵۻʱǷס
Ȼá
Ԧʬ͵һĳʱ췭ظһжֱӸ顣
ʮ˼ĵȺ󱻶£ȫ
лˡ
ʮˣЦ
תֵõʮڵֵˣ
Ԧʬٴγ֣ӵĿ顣
ۣ
ѪˮŽһͨ켶ǿ⵽ԵĴֱ
ЦԦʬɱʮŸ
䣡
ֻǼ򵥵ĳȭȴ·Ǵѹ䣬Ϣš
һ죬طͥǣȫһѣԦĹʬ̫ǿЩƽռ߸ϵĴڣԹʬʱȫû˿ķ


ҽлصѪˮŽ֣ԦʬĨɱһһͨ켶̶̵һʱڣϻصطĶʮͥȫĨɱ
ҲʱԶռ𶯣Ƭͥǿ߳
⡭
ʲôˣ
ʱϻͥʿǿߴ켶ΣʱͥսӪһƬ棬ضѪˮΨԦĹʬվǺʡ
첻Щ˷ϻʲôתر֮ǰµʮͨ켶һתʱصطͥʿֱչɱ¾
㡭

ҽ̼صĿͨ켶Ҵ߶˹ʬڵһ˿ʥЩ֮ϣЩǿҲ켶ʿοܵס£Ѫһһըûһ˿Գܵһ˲
㾹ͥԣ㲻к¡
Щͥʿŭ֣ȴ޿κΣԦʮͨ켶£һһ鿪
ԶವƿٴͥƬڵ콫ʱ̸ϻǰһĻѪɱһԴ󾪡
ֻЦԦ鹥صطˣڵһʱ䱻ʮնɱ⣬նһͥǿߡ

ҽУﲻϻص˷
һ죬ԦʬͣѪɱնԽԽͥǿߣطѪˮȾ죬Ŀġ
УȻҲлصͥʿնˣΪЩ콫źԶսֱӴžֶˣûȫ¡
ˣҲ֪˶ʱ䣬طͥʿϻأԦʬͣ
ˡ
֪ɱ˶ͥ콫ţƬڵͥʿʥϵȫնˣʣµĶһЩʥʥµʿ
Щŵͥʿ֪طıʣһЩǸϻۿıʺɹ룬һЩǴӳɹЩͥʿ֪Ѿ콫ϻصȻҲȥƬ׷ɱЩˣûǱҪ
վԭأѾ̮ĹĿۣڿɻƬĽš
뿪ˡ

ڽûֻǲȥ
ʱ׼뿪ƬˣȥҸεĵطƿеΪȥȻȥС̫Ͱ׻
֮ԲƬƿеΪطıʣǺܿᴫͥǿ߶У֮˵ͥ漶ǿ߸ϵƬ磬Ƭ磬ܰȫ
£Ԧʬֱһȭ俪Ƭϣһǿ˳ȥ
Ƭ磬Ƭǿ֮ڣϢǿնУúҵһŷĻǳֱӿУŷڵһɽڡ
ͥ콫Ƭڵĸ⣬ɱ飬ҪһƬƬ磬£һЩĻΪȫΪȻķ̵ǳʱûмٵıҪһ㶼ȥܼĴ硣
ɽصԼڣֿڳһɽߣһط󣬶ƿȡ
ʼ
лһĨâ̫ľתֱӿʼƿڵʼ


2128 ɫʥ
ƿڵޱȻĴһ㣬ˡ
ת̫ľƿԼǰڵʹȫƣȹžɿ
⣬ԽǿʢΪҲһƵ
ңͬʱƣûоԼʱĳʱһ㣬ʱޱϵһжĸоǧҲһһ棬ʱƽռ䣬һЩڻͨͷһֻһ¾ͨˣ·һǿڶඥ㡣
ʹݣûȻã
ͣоâ֯ȴ
̤ʥǿʼʺԼĹžȻ̫ˣžһֱûдֻһڡ̫ͨʱ򣬱ƣĸ֪һӱǣƽռʱǿٱ֮࣬ʱΪ
ΪʱȲü񣬶ԣΪһԼĺĹžҪһΪӵҪ
£УʼԼйžڤ˼򣬽йžڻ㣬ε⣬µʥת顣
ˣ
У˺ܶ࣬ԴԴϵӿǰ뵽ʥתʽʱһһֵĸ֣ϵļԳԣʹʥ뵽ĸֲͬķʽתÿһʥתʽĸܣһһļУٶԸʥʽܴĥ
ʱָɳɿţתۼ䣬յʱȥ
һ죬ѪڴĹУǰ㣬ʹüЩɡ
еľâȴǱ֮ǰŨЩΪȻʱѪǣһԼʥתʽȴԼԺи˳ܻЩģȴʹиŨңܾԼҪ˶þܳɹ

£ƣʥת顣
УƺΪʱǿƿڵҲڱɿġ
ˣʱ䣬š
һա
ա
ա
ʮա
һ¡
һµʱȥĵķǳ죬ʱƿڵĻѾĴ롣
ҲʱʥԸֲֶ֯ͬɫʣԵþӨԵú嫣ԵԶ
ȾɫʥԸϣϡɿĳӿľɫʥԽŨһʼطķ󣬾ȫ𲻵ˣԸϢʹŹǶΪ֮΢ǳڣеʶ㣬볯ط˲Ϣ佫û
ڣŹ⣬ǿնΪ֮𶯣ǿձԴɫǻԣֱƹΧǳϣû֮ڣת۱Ǵﵽչصĵطڵһ֮û
ڣֹȥǿУŹϵǳڵҲһ
ǣ
ǿ֮УͥһȺ콫ոǳǳ⾭һĻǶݡ
ǿձԴŸǳڵȻϯûƬһǳ֮ڣܲѰ
ȥ
Ϊ׵һ˵Ϊһʥ۷弶ǿߣĿչصǿŹ֮ڡ
£Ⱥ콫ֱӿ뵽ǳڣ˳ǿձԴӿ򣬺ܿչصĵطһ۱ǿ졣
šɫʥ⣿
űչе죬Ⱥ콫ͬʱɫΪ׵ʥҲ⡣
ôãǵһμܹɢɫʥԣʹǲɵôӱһɾ㤸С
󡭡ˣˣԲ£
һʥɵЩ
ԣԣڱչأڣɱ
ԱߣһʥҲڣûзɫȴ֪ò԰ˡ
ʱû˿µѹ˸оκεвѹǣ뿴죬Щ콫ȴûɵ궼·ʱԵһڻ֮Դ
ʥ𼶵ǿߣʱҲǲ֪ɫò԰ڣԱߵͨʥɫ԰ףƺǸо˸Ӿҵľ㤸С
ɱɱ
£촽£³ôֱ֣űչеɱȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Աߣʥһ֣Ǽǿ졣
񱩵ɱ⣬طϯ


2129 ž
ɱ纣죬ʥ۷弶ǿڣʮ콫ʱȫǿֶΣתۼǳǰɱ졣
ϥڴ֮УǶϵȻҲиӦʱоɱ˫΢΢
ʱԵ÷ǳ䣬·Ǵ޾µϹŶʯһ㣬ľɫʥ΢΢Ծ
һ̣ʮ콫ֹסΣͨɱľɫʥԵԾֱ𣬶ʮеɿţתʧһɶһ̷ֽ⣬תɡ
ͷβʮ콫ʥ۷ǿڣҽжûܴ
Ӹ˼֣˿Ҳ⣬һα˫ۡ
ˣ
⣬ɫʥԾø財
ͬʱŹڵǿеǿձԴԼŹǸǳڵһ˵ٶȳӿʹϵǿձԴԽԽŨ
ˣһۼ䣬һµʱȥ
һ죬ƿڵѾǱĵһɶľɫʥԱø貶ĿҲ䡢嫺Զ·һпܡ
Ҳһ죬ʱ֣˫ۣж˾ɫ
ϣӿǿձԴ֯ƣ·ڳݡ
Ŀһǰˣָֽԭվ
ǿձԴΧתγһкǿձԴУƿûһУľɫʥԴ⡣
ɹˣ
һĨտտľâһ˿ϲ̲ס߬˫ȭ
µʱ䣬ƿڵĻǿٱ֮࣬εĥ飬һ촴һµʥתʽ
µʥתʽµĹžһԼĹžȫԴϣ
ʱʥڰⲿµĹžתܹĸоԼı仯ת̫ľȹžʱøٶȿʮԴ·һν⣬ޱȵľӨǱƺͷˣս֮תžʱҪǿࡣ
ңȹžת֮£תֻضս˶ʮ
ʮʮȻֻĲ࣬ȴһʵı仯
һָоⲿµĹžƾʥڶΪԺ͸ո̤׼εǵǿһսңܹʤԷ
⣬һ㣬Դϵ¹žתıԴøƺȻȻһ㱣ĤһֺĸоȻԴ£һ˵ҲԿˣֻΪԶˣһۿΪֻ塣
ܺã
̧֣ɫʥƣޱ⡣
ܹоȹâʥŵǿؼڣƺӰϵĿռ䣬ǳǿᡣ
ˣ
ܣԼǿձԴΧתңиԼǿձԴط۶
ұԴϣͽֻľ
ʲôģʵóˣͼֱһ㣬ȻžֻرԴϣֻͬضֻضɽ㣬ֻԽ׹žܷӵޣôͽֻľɡ
䣬ֻľת٣ϣӿǿձԴʱ㣬˲Ϣûڣʹľɫʥһ˲ø貣ɢľҲ̱ǿ˲١
Ŀ£ŹڵǿеǿձԴԼŹǸڵǲٳӿƽϢ
վн֯΢⣬˶٣򵥿һ˲ǿС
ǿУԽֻ֯ľתȡ̫ľ˶ֻľ֮£ųҲ̫࣬˲Ǹ֪˸һſǳڵ״ҲӦǿ֮ϵڵ״
һ˲Ϣʧԭأһ̳һƬµڡ
һƬ磬֮ǿҪ٣ȺڵǰС
ɱ
һ
Ƭڣɱ죬ͥ콫⣬飬ɱ
ҽУƬڵĸصƬڣһһ鱻ɱԵסͥĴ
Ƭ磬һȺ콫ɱƬ飬֣ɱ˹Ϊһʼǿߣʼı
ֻǣ˲Ÿճ嵽ǰһֱͣӻɻңΪɱֻľ𶯣Ӱ쵽ϵĿռ䣬ֱӱ㱻
ʲôˣɱ֮ͥˣ

⸽ڽɱ콫ȻһĻ¶ɫ⻹Ƭڽɱĵһˣʮ콫˹ϽǴźڵɱ⡣


2130 ɱ
ͥЩ콫ɱʱΪӦ쾭壬Ȼ˷ɱʱȴǾöֵ̫󵨣ʱʮ콫ɱ죬ΪΪͣ촴ֻľԿʣԴűɱ⡣
ӭЩɱıûκα仯ƶĿ⿴Ƭġ
Ҳʱʮ콫ɱǰɱâѹ䡣
Ȼ֮ͬǰǸʼ㣬Щ˴ɱǰҲ˲ֹסΣȫ𣬶һзֽ⣬תۼ
ǣ
ô£ղšʲôҲû
Ƭһ콫һĻĿϣǱɫ
ƬڵʿԭΪͥ콫ɱԵֵڿ־壬ʱһĻȴҲ𾪡
ʼնûʲôӦƬĴΪǰλþƬλòԶǿȻȻܸӦǸطһͥս׼ǿߣֻһǻʮʥ𼶱ϢʥϢ
׼𣬵ͥǲƬǿսˣãһ¹ž
Ƭ磬ֻƺڵСԶԶ޷֮ǰƬȣ׼ǿ߾ɻٵĴˣԣ϶Ǹ׼ǿߣͥǲƬǿսǿߡңɢҲƬͥսڸоǿϢ
˵ţֱʧԭء
ͬʱƬľɫ⸡֣޲𹥻Ƭڵ콫ȫ֣תۼĨɱһɶ
⣬áþˣ
Ƭڣ֮ǰһ콫ɱʿȻûм֣ȴ֪ĨɱЩ콫ǳĳ˿ֶ¶һ𺳱顣
һȺ콫ǷȫҲԵֵֻбɱķݣ֣ǸûпκεĹȻЩǿ콫ȴתۼ
лǰ
ңңĳ֮ǰվŵλд񣬽Դľ͸мΪһһϹŶʯ޾£ôܻôǿ

ƬĴɽ࣬һսڴˣΪͥƬµʱս
սʮʥ콫ܣ̬ȴǷǳ⣬Ϊǵ֪Уͨ磬ȻһͨʥԺɨˣܵĴڣսڴ˵أʮʥʮʥһ׼ǿߣƬڣ˭ܹ˭Ұ
Ҳǣһͨ磬Ȼôǿ߸ʵЩСˡ
ɲǣ
ˣҲûʲôˣ෴⵹ãҵȿһЩ
Щʥġ
ҲʱսɶԶӰϢĳ֣֮ǰƬ뿪ʱطͥսȥ
δԼϢȻǵһʱ㱻սһȺʥǿ߷֡
˸ҵ
ֱնˡ
Щʥ˿ڣһҲ⣬һ־һɱⶪȥ
ɱգתǰ
͵һɱֱӱǷ顣
ĽŲûκα仯ֻǿսսȥ
ֻľɣƣҪĥ£Ҫ߲εսս׼ϢȲεʿĥɵֻľǺʣΪ׶
סˣЩͣ
˦ɱʥ쾹ȻԼ˦ɱ⣬һɫ˼֣һγǰֱһƸȥ
Ȼһ̣һʥУʥб飬һ˿ѪҲû£ֱӻķɻҡ
죬ȫûκεһŲʼδͣ¡
£ʮʥһɾ㤸Уǰʹúͬεʿתŵǡ
ˡ򵥣
Ĵǣǿ
Щʥû뵽û뵽ƬڻȼĴڣ˳սȥ
Ȼ˲ŸܳԶƬڣռ𶯣ѹ
һʱ䣬˵ֱӱֹס۵һը鿪ֱ
ͬʱʮʥˣͬһʱ̱飬Ѫ
ıޱ仯ܿսʮԶָᵯ
וּһ𶯣зɳǰͥսֱӽսмһΪ
̳նŤ˴Ƭ
䣡
ʥƵʮӰΪ׵Ϊһ׼ǿߣһ£ʮ˶ʥΪɫ˸ǵս


2131 ɫʥ׾
һףʮ۷ʥսڳɫɱ⡣
һȺˣȻȻǿ졣
ͬʱҲԭʮʥȫʧˣŵѪ
ôĵӣ
һʥ죬Ŀ̹ǣʱȻܹõʱطսǱնѣʮʥҲѾɱˡ
ͬʱҲΪʥڶ죬ǴźͬʱҲЩ⣬뵽ôһƬͨĴȻȼʿ
Ķ
һʥ𿪿ڣֱӶ֣һǿ죬Ӷʥɱѹ¡
޶ãĿһϮµ׼ǿߵϣԼоĵԷ̤׼ûжá
Ҳʱֵʥ嵽ǰɱøѹͷ­
ûʲôһ̣ǿ۷ʥŵɱ͵ֻľķ𣬼ɱֱͬ˰ֱӺɣԶ۵һը鿪ѪˮŽķֻǿȴҲǲѺۣһĴһ㣬ʱпܳױ顣
һĻʹطһͥǿ߽ԱɫȻ׼ҲͫһղţûпκһȻ۷ʥȴȻͻȻⴴһȻ̫ˡ

ʥǿ߿۳ɫ԰˲٣־ŭղɱԣɱϾҪûȴͻȻһεĴײǵȴͲ֪ǴðģǿЩ¡
ʱ۳۷弶ʥȻһľŭȴðȻٶ춯ˣΪղŵǵ£ӿһɼɵ
ע⵽˵񣬲ȴȫû⣬ֻǿ׼ǿߡ
漴һ̣ˣֻǼһ˲ϢڶԷǰ
飡
飡
飡
ǿǰϵĿռΪȻѹ𶯣δӿ׼ǿ߸һʥ𣬵һʱ䱻ȫɡ
һϮµǿͫһ¶Ե𺳡
һʥڶʿȻܹôǿƣֻǼ򵥵ƶǽطĶʮ۷ʥȫĺ˳ȥ̫ˡ
һ̣е𺳱ǻɭɭĺɱ⡣
ʥڶʿǿᣬҲֻʥ𼶱ѣʥȻ㴳׼ǿǰҪ֡
ŵĶ
׼ǿֱӳ֣һƳȥ
н֯âܣһȭӭϡ
طҪĿľ׾ûõһսźͶԷսĥոմֻľԣȻûȥܵɡ
ȭƣתۼײһ
˵һطֱһϵĿռ̱Ǳٵˣ˵ŵŵɵͬʱˣԺ˳ȥʮԶ
⡭ô᣿
Ȼ׼뱦ˣ
ɵʮʥʱѾסΣһʼǾŭΪǿƶݣʱΪǶ
ֻʥڶΪǵǿȣȻ׼ǿ߲
һϮµҲǶݣͫһҲǱˡ
һֱ̣ñٴγ֣ʥѹȥ
¡һ޾иÿһжǳĿ£ˡ
޾壬ӭϡ
ֻľɣʹıԴʥĤһӡ㣬ΪԶߵˣ޷һۿʣ۷ʥһϮµĳףѾԿˣ֪Ϊֻʡ
콣âֻ֯ľԴ߶оɫ⸡
ȽâһطһͥǿǶݣɫһδ䡣
ɫʥ⡭
һԣͨʿ޳ԪʥֻͨһɫһЩѪʻĳžʱԪʥָɫ󣬵͹ʷϼأ߲ʱǼˣޱϡ٣һطǾȻһӵžɫʥ£˵Щס
ʲôˣ
һϮµ׼ǿߣ콣âײһ𣬱ĻϢ̲ס죬ҲǱľɫʥסˡ
ڣڿɫʥʱ׼ǿͷûɵһ궼ɵһɭɭ⡣
첻ֻľת٣֮߶ȭ֯һͷɫ;ɫˣƺƵѹԷ


2132 ǿ
ɺ嫵ǿʱʱ䣬촴ԼĺĹžȻԹɱȴǻδֻ֮ǰ̫ȻѣԣսҪйɱǰɻǵȭֱƺֻľټȥԼɱʥ
໣

ֻľϻȭȭ۳ˣ໥־ɫת۱䵽׽ǰ֮սڽڱ顣
ΪɫʥңʱҲ㹻ǿᣬʹӵһʥǿʥӭϡ
ײһ𣬺һطֱһһɻ籩
鿪׵ʥɱһһӰֻľ֯ɫʥԣ֮߶һһڵ۶ӸǶȳѹ¡
ʥǼǿʥתۼǺ켤սһ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģطϴ
ԷչԼ־תֻľսзֳһ˿ʶԸӦֻľת״̬սиʱֻľת״̬ȫļʲôطΪɫʲôطҪĽʹĥһһӦ֮εļС
뱦ˣȻ£ôܣ
Զʮ۷ʥ𾪣ǵҰУֻʥڶΪ죬ʱͺһսȻ˿·
ͬһʱ䣬ԼҲɫÿ̲סҧľɫʥ̫鷳ǿԻһа㣬Ծɫʥ߶ͨʱܸо˼֣Էӳǿܡ
ϣ
дŭ׼ĴڣȻòһʥڶʿұһȺԱ߿ţоЩ衣
漴һ̣˵ͺеӿ֣ŭ㷭ӿ

Ϊʴܽһж
һܵĿռ䶼Ϊ֮͵죬ֱӸʴ
˾޴ѹһ˿вɫȴ˿Ҳ䡣
ˣ
ֻľתɫʥԽ֯еӿ֣Ȼһ֯ź׼ӭȥ
תۣײһ𣬺Ȼʹò񷶼ҵִƬѺۡ
һ׺ɣѪ߰ߣ˲ѺۣѪˮӡ
һߣ״ҪһЩС߱ãԿอ͹ͷ
վֻʥѣ׼뱦࡭Զ۷ʥЦȻһ̱ǱɫΪͻȻһǳ˵ٶڻָתۼͻָô޸ô죿ʲôʥҲô찡
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǱɫܵûأ콻ֿڵһʱ俪ʼ壬ʱȴҲֻ޸߳ɶѣغܶƣȴʱȫˣ𾪡
дžâƿʥ̫һٶ޸壬Ƿţûתʥںͺ׽ⴴֻֿ֮ľ֯ľɫʥԱн֯ⴴĵط壬ٶȣݡ
ܺã
еľâŨһЩû뵽ֻľ֯ľɫʥȻдпƵЩ⣬ģȻǾϲ
Ŀ䵽ĺϡ

ŶԷһڶԷǰʩչҩеĵͨ
ӡ̫ʥ̱ʩչɱס
ֻľЩӦֻľʱȱǽ֮εļУΪպ󿪴Լĺֻľϵ׼
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĽ棬ͺ׼ײͨ򲻶ϼ
ˣתۼ䣬׼սʱطռ䱻һƬưܣһʱԻָ³ʮ֮࣬ȻһƬ档
Уν׻ˣԼҲαԷˣֻľʶ˲٣Ѿ뷨ȷ֮ɽ֮ĥĸơ
ң֮ҪԼͨɱҲһЩģ뷨
ˡ
źףԵúƽֻضֱת
һ֮䣬ɫʥΪ֮ǣֱӷʮ
׵ɫ̲סһ㣡
ͬһʱ䣬Զʮ۷ʥҲΪ֮ɫ䣬ʱɢϢͻȻǿ̫ˣǱһƵģѹϯ˻ġ
⡭ôܣ
˷ʥܹɢѹ𣿣Ȼȳڼ׻Ҫǿ


2133 ڶ
طһʼͺ׶ԾڣһֱδתֻضΪĥֻľҪԵȻѹһĶֲС
񣬺ͺ׼ڣֻľµ뷨֮ҪֻľɱͨҲģ˼·ң׶νѾǴﵽһޣ㶷ȥѾûˡ
ԣʱֻضתΪкֻرԴȫϵֻľĹϵֻضǿսʮﵽĶʮ֮࣬׼ⳡսˡ
ӭʱɢϢɫˣôܣ
켤սôãжǲಮ٣˲ˣϢ˲٣ȻʱȴϢǣң㷬˶ʮ֮ࡣ
ղšս
죬ŭ־һս׼ǿѾǼȫս죬һʥ𾳵ڶʿڷźУȴȻһֱûзӳȫ
ʥڶΪսȻҲ׼ս˸ƽ֣
ûٶʲô˲Ϣǳǰһѹ¡
¡һڶʮӵս֮£һĳ·ǲѹֱʥԷѪɰɶԶ
롭뱦ˣ
Զʮ۷弶ʥ̲סʱɫɵø԰ˡ
Զ¾۳¿죬Ӿŭη壬һ£һҧԶʮʥһϣеʥһĨɱ
һʥ𼶵ʿһ׾ȻҪȻԭ˵ڵģ̫裬Ȼо˿ɢϢվǽȻ˵˳ΪϢ̫ˣһĵס
ǣ뱦ˣ
Զʮ۷弶ʥ½ԵͷȻη죬ʱȴҲеĽ죬Ǹо̫ΣգѸɱǰġ
ʱವƿصʮʥٶȺܿ죬볯ȥ
ףбɨ³սʮʥоɫʥһû
ʮʥһ˲ϢֹסˣһһըҲһ
̲סһֻʥڶΪ񣬽ֻһѣȴʹʮʥ۷弶ǿըЩˡ
ˡ
ƽһǿ絽ǰȭѹȥ
˵һһȭ˶ʮսºνԵףһʱǽԷ顣
࣡
Ѫ䶯𣬺׺ܿ۳ɫԵøѿ
鲻䣬ٴ߶ȭ
Ϊһ׼ǿߣȻ˶ʮսҪ׵ɱһףȻҲ̫ܡ
ˣ
ȭһطһʥı죬ĩյ
ȫ⣬һһαɣʱתֻضһս֮ͬǰƾУƣɢϢϵ˥
תۣһ̶ӹȥ

һ̶ӹȥʮΣһ̣һ³ֻͼڶʮսӵ¼ƺƵģ֯ʥѹֱӽԷٴ顣
ңһΣԷδܼٱͬһˡ
طһ±üž
ԭض˶٣ǰһƬ棬ԭͥƬʱսΪͺ׵ļսѾķѡ
ķѵսǰּɨƬ¶һ޴ļ̨һƿϻŷǳŨûΪս̮ܵһ˿һ
ֱ̧֣ӽƿȡ£һɨʱӦİȻԶ֮ǰõƿڵ񣬲ȴҲ㹻ˡ
û֮ͬǰƬǵȻԴˣҲ⣬ͨ磬֮ǰĺȫ֣ڰڽ֮ٵȻò֮ǰǵȽ
ƿûطֱ뿪Ƭ磬ýƬǿУǿҵһŻߵĹǣеһɽѰһչصء
ֻľɣ֮ͺһսдĥ˲׼뿪֮ƣ쵽ǿ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ǰƬõƿǳ׼ڽֻľһ֮Ϊһᡣ


2134 С̫
洦ڴУɱ£տʼõʱ׶ΣһЩǳʹ磬ǰȫ
ϥֻľת⽻֯ľɫʥԣ󣬽֮ǰͺһս򣬽ֻľһЩʥת·߼ԵŻ
̲򵥣Ҫٵʱ䡣
תۼ䣬¹ȥ
¹ȥһ죬ľɫʥȻȻøӻұøӴϢҲǿһЩ
һ̣˫ۡ
ã

µʱ䣬ֻľһΣֻľñ֮ǰǿ
ȴɻƣҪ
ϾһȱĹžɲôݵʱܹͶҪܳʱĥ
΢΢һĥһεֻľתţ˶ٺ󣬽֮ǰõƿȡ
ƿȡطһʱǽ֯˷ǳŨҪʮռû
н֯âƿǰֱӿʼȡֻľԼѪС
ʱľɫʥԣһӱ
ˣʱһΣתۼ䣬һ¹ȥ
һºƿڵױĹ⣬ľɫʥԱø貣ɢľһǰǿһء
ʥء
ۣһտտâһû
һõƿڵû֮ǰǿļõƿڵ࣬ϾƬ̫ͨԶû֮ǰǼڵ࣬ҲԶû֮ǰƬڵǿᣬԣռ඼Ƿǳľ޴
ˣԣҲǷǳĲˣʹڶ̶̵һڣΪС̨ס
Ҫ֪Ǵʥ𾳲Σʥ𾳲̶һ±С̨ףٶȣ˵š
ȭӦһ£ķԼǿˣǿȡʥʶǿȻȣ˺ܶࡣ
˶٣ûֱͣ뿪طƬǿС
ΪС̨״ﵽʥ죬ʶøǿҲǱøǿ˿Ȼδųʶ̽ҲһЩǳڵɱҽ֪֮Ǳضͥ콫⡣
ⳡ𣬲֪೤ʱ䡣
ͥҪƬ棬һҪռƬڵڶǻƬڵһƬƬ磬泹ױ٣УһռҪķѷǳʱ䡣
ΪռҪǲ콫ȥɱ飬ͬһʱǵռڻٵ֮ռΪֱӻռΪɹۿٰۣ˳ɵΪٵĹ̶ʧʧǳ
ԣḶ́עһһϦɣͥǿڶ࣬ҲٵúķѰϵʱпɣϾ̫ˡ
ϵʿ˵棬ҪǿԼʱӡ

뵽ϵʿ˵ĻֲüǸϼһﵽʲôͷ֪ʵ̫ˣУϼһﲱϵǼ׹Ƭʵ̫ˡ
˶٣ԹԵҡͷȥǸͷǴĴУһôⳡдұĸǿҪ
ˡ˫ۣһǳ⣺һѰСһͷһȥͥЩƿ
ͥĸɱ飬ռûʲôãͥƿռȴǷǳֱ࣬ȥЩƿе
Уͥڸռƿǿüŵĳر԰򷨴ֱΪڼ̵ʱڽԼķƣԼɱΪҲһرΪβ
ңʵǾ߿µĹʬܹвģֻͥԼͥǵǿĴڣһͥǿߣκβ
£¶һĨЦֱӱǶ򵥿һ˲Ϣʧ
úһƬĴڣƮźŨѪζʮڣ򲻶вҽдͥ콫Ƭɱ
Ƭ磬ֱӿƬĴλãȥΪͥڸռƿǱ÷Ĵλá
Ȼһֹ̣סԶһƮĶУ˵ƬһƬ˷ǸĺᣬҺʲô˲õĴأܶǶϹȥˣ˵֮ĳλ١


2135 Ԩ
ӺԶĵطʹ쵱ݡ
ĺ᣿֪ᣬֻһԼС̫˶Ƭ棬ʱ򱻷ֵģǰߣǺߣ
£˳ķȥתۼǿʮԶ
尡һǳϡ٣ʷϵԱҲһ٣ȴޱȿֲѪǿĺˣǿ壬Ǵ˵еֻ壬һ棬˵ĳַǳ˵
ʲô
֪ʲôֻ˵ǳĿ£漰ĳֽɡ
ֵģһһС㣬˵ֻʥΪ״׷ĳЩ״ǣǴѰԷ
ʥһѪǿ󣬿ǣֵǸС㣬ҲֻǲʥΪǣǹǰԸɣ
Ҳ˵Ƭ绹һ˲õĴأӰЩǺ͹ˣΪǸСȥΪڴضȥƬ硣
ǰһȺ콫һ𣬸սƬڵһƬڵɱϣһ߳ȥһš
ҲʱƿԼٸϵ
ﻹࣿ
ն
Ⱥ콫Ȼǿ죬Ϊܲףʥ˼սųֵ죬Եú⣬ֱӻ֣˦Ƭɱʥ⡣
Щɱʥ⣬ȻȻ֯ŵѹ̼еɱʥ⣬ǿѹɢһѹ
ʱ䣬Ⱥ콫ȫԶˣһʱ䶼¶˿־ı顣
㣬㡭
Щû뵽ͻȻֵ쾹Ȼôǿǵѹǿ־塣
ʥ𼶵ѹЩ콫ѹֱ̽ͬʱѰط˵ʶֱʮǽԼȫջء
Сһ
ЩϲͬʱҲЩǣϲǣѰЩ콫ʶ֣Щ콫ᵽᣬС̫ѰС̫ټǵǣ֪Сһﱻͥļ׷׷ɱһУǳΣգңиͥ׵֪һǴأҪСһѹץסΪѪ̫ǿᣬһֱͥǳġ
£̧һ˺ѿƬϣһǿƬ硣
뿪ͬһʱ䣬ѹһȺ콫ԭը鿪

һƬڣջѪζŨɱҽ֮
һƬɽ䣬ѿп˳
Ƭ˲䣬̽ӴѰһƬսֱӿ˹ȥܿǴﵽгƬʿһȺ콫ΧɱѾ˺ܶʬȫʿȫסͥ콫
ﬣ
طֱгƬĽâԻطսȫǣ޲Ĺ콫תۼ佫ط콫ȫĨɱ
طŰʿһĻ־ϲ
࡭лǰ
ȫŸдΧɱǵһȺ콫ת۾ͱȫĨɱ˵ǺܿͶᱻնɱ
ûЩ˽ǰٺܿ죺ʣƬľԨ
֮ǰȺ콫ʶУ֪С̫ǴƬ磬ƬһԨľУԨЩ콫ȴǲ֪
ԣʱطȺڱΧʿЩ⡣
ţЩƬʿһ֪Ԩġ
ʵϣҲ룬ЩʿǺԨ½֪ĹھԨ£һһʮĸ
л
ЩʿлЩᵽľԨĿռֱ꣬˺ռŻһǿʧ
һ̣ƬڣһںпռŻ֣п
ǰһ޴Ԩʣ֪Σ·˿˿ƵĵɫƮ𣬼һɭɭı
Ԩ
Ƭ磬ҲͿȺɽСΪĴУȻ׼˺ռŻһ˲ﵽƬκһ䡣
ʱǰľԨеоâɵȭ

طУоСһϢȻǳ΢ɱ׽ˡ
£ûκԥֱһԾ¾ԨܿԨײ
Ԩ£еЩʪӿݣһЩطһЩɢҵĺǡ
ûЩĿֱֱǰĵϣһ̯Ѫͼѩ׵ëʹż
С̫ѪëȻСһˣңƺ˵Ĳᡣ


2136 ˵С̫
ڵϵС̫Ѫëһӱ÷ǳż
Ҫ°
ɢѭſдС̫ϢԼٶ׷ȥ
Ԩ£ƮŵĺЩɭ·һƬС͵㡣
໣
ȥԶй޳ĿҲֹһͷɱϢǿ
ңȹޣԶԶֹһͷܶ࣬ǳܼͷ֮ࡣ
һ涼ĺ¡¡Ĳ
ʱһĵС̫Щޣ·ûп죬ֱһ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽ޵һʱ
ѭС̫ϢٶУ֮ԨȺǳĵƸ֣Ӱ쵽׼ǿߣȻѲԣĵ֮ڣƽء
ܿ죬ʱȥǰ֮ʥӿ𶯣ʹǶݣСһеѪ
£ٶᵽޣһǰ
ǰԶĵطһɽȡ
ɽܣ氼͹ƽǳʪ
ǿشƵӵһƬǷʵ磬ѧ˲ٶҲһĺᣡɽʮ꣬ǽ֯׼ѹɽڱԵС̫һ˿ڣϧվֻʥΪҵǰܳŶãȰ㻹ʵķԺЩ࣡
ڣС̫ȾѪϢ˥磬еɫʥԻ塣
Ƭİ磬İĻһζһ˴ﵽʥ쾳磬ȴͥǿ߷ˣһ·׷ɱֶΣƾǿѪ磬ڼһδѣƬԨ׷׼ǿ߾Ǳøˣʮˡ
Ԩ±鲼شƣһ˺ܾãʩչܶȻԼûظֶٶһЩԨ£ŸشơͼѪ֮ʮǿ֧ŵڡ
죬£ףĸס
ŹʮףŸشơͼѪ֮ǿ֧ŵڣѾˣʥϾҪɿˡ
һ̣죬£ԼԼûмĸס
⣬ζڣɫʥҲһʧ
ԭΪҵȽָƬ̣룬ϾͲˡ⣬һµ׵Įÿ㣬ĺƾʥΪȻҵá
Աߣһ׿ڣˣϻѹߡʱƴ׶Σǵ»кܶࡣ
ʮһףҲͷ
ֻ֪Ǹпһ¡
׵ڶȥ
С̫߬СצӣдģŭųԼƹס
Ҳʱ̶Ľ쳹գʱˣһ۾ͿɽڻȾѪС̫СһԼʮף콣콣һƬ㳯նȥ
üͷһֹסܿնĽꡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ٶȺܿ죬һ˲ƶ㣬תۼƿɽȸ֣ɽڵС̫Աߡ
С̫ԭŭףЩģʱͻȻֵ죬һ¾ˣһСצ۾ֿ죬ԭǻþ±þϲһ¾˵ϣѽ죡
Сһ˻ˣƬİ磬µһˣԭΪҪץסˣȴ룬ʱˣϲͬʱɵЩġ
ҲǸˣҵ
˵ţ˵ϵСһɫ΢䣬Ļͣסˡ
֮ǰԶʱֻע⵽СһȾ˲ٵѪʱ뿴Ƿ֣Сһﱻ˵̫ˣССżѪอ˺ܶ࣬ԭƯ۶һ룬һʱѾ޷޸
ʱһĺɱֹסĴɢطɽȶΪ֮ζһ顣
СһѾܶˣһֱͬӰ㣬аǳϲȴ˵ôأ۵ͬʱ˷ŭ
ˣ
ֻľתޣɫʥԽ֯ŨֱӽСһ֣ӿСһڣɿ޸Сһ壬ʹСһľٵĻָ
ͬʱƫͷʮף͸¶ޱߵɱ⣺ȫ
ﬣ
䣬ʮڱͨ켶ĵĳʮնȥ


2137 ʥ
ʮڱͨ켶ĵ֯ѹǿƥֱӱա
ʮ׵ɫǸԱһڵˣǵͨ켶ɱǸһţȥʥ𼶵ʿȴȻôͨ켶
֮࣬ʮҲڵһʱ䶼ǿͨӭȥ
ͨ켶ĵ̫ǿᣬֻת۶ѣʮͨȫ顣
ۣ
ʮеױһڵնУǱ鿪ֻʣǿ

һΪС̫ˣһԿرͬʱƿʮڵʱһѹ䣬ʮУͨɱƵ
ֱ¶˿־壬죬̲סУס֣
ֻǣȻȫǶ࣬С̫˵޸ʱʧȥˣʱŭޱȣܻ飬Ըǿʥ߶ʮڵ

һĲҽ׵ֱӱն飬ؼ䡣
һʱ䣬ʮ׸̲סһ
ߣ
һҧٺˣԶ롣
ͬһʱ䣬ʮһҲһӶݡ
ֻǴ׼ʥ𼶵߶ʮͨ켶תۼ֪Լһ˾ԲܵסԿɡ
ĿһҲߣ
ûжֻľתϿرԦʮڵɱ
࣬ס֣
ͥǿߣǾð졭

ʮռ䱻ȫʮ׾ֵвҼǿʵ⣬Ȼȴû˿ãһһնɱֻܿʣһˡ
šŹңԸΪΪūʲôԣ󡭡㣡
˲ʱȫ־ġ

ֻôһ֣ʮڵһѹ䣬ֱӽն
һʱ䣬طһӱð
ǿС̫ɫʥ԰ţʱѾָ˴룬۾ģֺ֣ʥԺǰһˣѽǣ
ľɫʥԣСһЩ졣
ɫʥԣһμǰɫҲֻɫѣżУûоɫʥԵļء
ЦŵԴĹžֻľǰ̫ľδʹˡ
ֻľתɫʥȻȻǿӿС̫ڣȥʮ󣬳׽Сһκá
ѽɹˣоӣ
СһǸֹɣٴμ죬ʱ򳹵֮ǰʮ׷ɱ˵£ԼɹɵΪ˸ˡ
ʼʱ֪һֱԱ߿ţǹУü⵽ɣһֱûгɹֿһʱټ쾹ɹˡ
ң֯ɫʥֻľоķǳǵʥǰһУ·ѹؼ
һЦСһƳ׺ˣСһԴ΢һڱӡڸ֣֮Сһﻤ壬Ϊ֮ǰԹʬȡͨ켶
ѽ
СһӵĸӡԼڣļͷ
Ǳˡ
ͷ
ƬѾȥܳһʱ䣬СһȻаȴ֪˽ԼƬûñǵ֪档
ͷͥڽĴƬ棬ӦԱᱻ׻ٵǵñ֤Լⳡд
򵥽ƴһЩºС̫˵¡
ѽСһۣ˶ٵҲˣڲ֪Ķ
Ƭ磬Ͱ׻ҲҰ׻죬ϧһֱ޹
һȥңǼһﻬͷĺܣӦò¡
Ц
뵽棬һֱѰСһͰ׻ѰСһǷǳˡ
漴˶٣ƬɽȵС̫ɽȥ
ѽȥʲôС̫վͷʱɽȥЩ棬ֵɽЩأкܶرĵֻһ𡣡
ܶʩչĿȾö֮ѧһЩڴؼһЩظֺ͵磬ѾܹģϳһͷƬɽЩ򵥡
ң֮ǰǽɽȵĵ֮ͼǿѪʥΪסʮ׼ǿߺܾá
СһСԴЦŵвĶȡá
Լֻľ콣ȴɱţʱûзطĵһʱǷ⴦ɽȵķǷΪһʥأλźŨʥƺһǳĵرоϣС̫ڶʱʥδﵽʥ𼶾硣


2138 ΪΣ
ɽŵͨʿУʶʹãȴ˿ҲӰ죬С̫ƽصǰС
ﬣ
߳ʮԶеɱ𣬷·ʥԼʶʱо룬ɱ⡣
ңɱܲһ㣬ɱʥǿߣв׼ڡ
ȴûʲôвֱӽɱ⵲󣬴С̫ɽȥ
ʥУȺвٵĵɱ𣬶ܿ£춼ûʲôӰ죬ȫֵ
תۣӹȥС̫ɽĴλãǰһԼߵҶӳɫ֦ɺܴ׳֪˶꣬һȭͷĹʵ֯ɫľӨζŨ
ʥС̫£ʥضɵʥժ£ݸС̫Ϊ㻤
ʥ̺зǳ˵ܺͷǳƬСһľǿԴʥشﵽʥ𾳡
أ
С̫
ЦŵѾﵽʥ𾳵죬ⶫѾûˡ
Ŷѽ
С̫ǵͷӹʥĻ֮£طʼ
ɫʥ⽻֯תۣʱȥһɰʥط˿
ʱ䣬Ļ֮£СһʥͬԤǰ㣬Ϊʥδﵽʥһ졣

Ц
кС̫ɽȥܿгɽȣԨ϶ȥ
ԨڣֹشӣЩв׼ǿߣȻûκεĹϵܿ߳Ԩ
ȥĶأ
С̫ſͷʵ

ô
ͥڸڲɱ飬ƿռƬȻҲУҵǴƬĴλã׼ȥｫƿ
ʵϣ֮ǰʹƿڵʱʵЩôϾЩͥɱռĳ̶ֳ϶ԣ㲻ʲôɾĶ
ǵȲչǺܿͽ֮˦ȥˣΪظ֮ˣͥɱ飬ƿռЩˣѾȥˡˣ£ͥȥʹã֮ʹá
ƬͺС࣬ʥ𼶲ΣطֱһŻСֱ̫ӿУܿƬĴλá
طȥǰһ޴Ĺʮʥ֮ǰƬ࣬ͥƬ֮طµʱս
ͬʱźԶ԰ɨս֮ڣսڻŰʥ𼶵Ϣ׼ϢٲȻаʥԼǿߡ
ǣʲôСֱ̫ĳսȥֱӳּ֣佫ʮʥȫնоɫʥ⽣۶սֱӸһΪ
һʱ䣬ವƿ𣬹ڣʥȫ˳һʱǷսʮʥԱɱˣҲС̫
£һ˽Ϊ֮ݡ
ǸС
һУǿ߿С̫ɵöüǷ졣
֮ǰǿʮ׼ǿȥ׷С̫ˣС̫ȥ׷ɱʮˣȴûлһɲԤС
ܿ죬˵ıǱһ˵ǸֱնˣСѹ֮ѯʮ˵١
ﬣ
̶ıֱӴ׵ĻʱڵԿرƣɱ⣬׺ʥǿϯȥ
ЩͥʿûıҪֱӳĨɱ
ɱЩֲʹɫǰʥǿˡ
ˣ
˴С
ֻǣܵĿռ䱻ͨ켶ȫˣЩ˸ӲתǱͨɱû
һʱ䣬ѪһըһУʥת۱ΨǿȴѾһϢ
Ͼ񲻱ȳײս߶ͨ켶һοܵס켶ǿҲΪ֮ݡ
㣬㡭
׼ǿߵ屣ʱδ죬ɵ־־壬ǰǸոȫû࣬Ȼͨ켶ĵ
ңͬʱ˲µȥ׷С̫ʮ׵ǱɱˣԣŻ֡С̫طʮȴûѶ
ûж˵ʲôһڵٴѹ䣬ϯĺɱ⡣
ۣ
ۣ
ĲҽУ׼ǿУֱӱĨɱ
ڵһѹ֮ȥ
ͥŲٵƬͨ磬֮й漶ǿߵ˵Ƭڷĳ˲õĴأԴˣȻ棬ԣʱûɱӶԷ̽Ѱһȴؾʲô


2139 ͬ
㣬㡭Ҫʲôѹطһͥ׾֣̲סģšŹң
û˲ݽɱˣʱͨҪܶ౶
첻ˣ֮ѹֱûԷʶڣ̽ѰƬͨĴΪλͥй漶ĴԺҲ
£ƬĴͥսڵ׵֪
ڶԷʶѰһ۹ȥʮɫ䣬ǿʥǶǲɵò¡
׵ʶУһʮѩ׹ӰƬһƬɽ֣ͥƬһǿ󾪣󾪶ͥϲˣȺƬ磬֮󣬲й漶ǿ֣߳ǿ߿
ȻⲢɫԭɫԭǣʮӰһŮӣһŮӣӵоȱգ·ǻ߳˰㣬ʮضΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
ޡ£
̲סɵЩ
ȱŮӣȴʮ⣬աߺ͵ȣȫһģһ·һģӿ̳İ㡣
һʱ䣬ˣʮѩ׹֪ò֮ػһڵǸŮӣ֮ػһ壿Ϊʲôһģһ
ԱߣС̫ʱ飬ɵЩ棺ôˣ
̧֣ʶӻķʽʶĻ֮ϣС̫
ʱ䣬С̫ҲǱɫֱӵɴ˫ۡ
£
Сһв˾ɫЩˡ
һ£һһޣȫˡ
ֱȥʮ֮Ȼعֱһƽͥ׸ĵ𣬶һԼʱǿƽ
ȥƬɽ
Կ϶ǸʮŮӣԲ£ǣȴӵȫһòǣ񣬾ȥƬɽһ
£ʵǺѲ⡣
Ҫȥ
С̫ĵͷϲ£ʹδıĸҪ˺һЩ£ȻҲǷǳ⣬߬Сצӡ
£һѽطͥռƿץֱ˺ŻС̫ط뿪úһƬ嫵ɽǰ
ȥǰɽҲ֪ռ˶ôķΧľʢȻ֮ǰǸ׼ǿʶѰʮŮǻĵط
ûԥСֱ̫ӽɽС
ɽڣľ֦Ҷïܣϵնסˣ͸һЩ֦Ҷķ϶ɽڵĵһĹߡ
С̫ɽ֮Уȥûñǰо˷ǳ˵ͨ켶ѹңֹһɡ
ͥЩ
һĨâС̫סͬʱǰٶһЩԸٶȳǰӽȥ
ܿ죬סС̫ľƬɽпԶǰĿռ˲ٹΣʮӰǰǰһռѷڿ룬ٲȻѷһƬռ䡣
ʮһ۷ܣǣ˵һ۷УûŮӣң֮ǰ콫ɱ˲٣Ϊʲôô£
֪£һϱӦúܿͻᴫһִЩ۷ܶУʱǾ֪ˡǵٴȷƬڣĹ˵֮һЩҲ̸֮һЩǿߣҲ
֮Ǹ£ȷƬɣʱܡ
֮ǰ˺Ҵ콫ƣԷ뵽ռѷϣ񻹴С
֮ǰѾһнȥˣǽǻϣС£
ʮһ߿ռѷ֮һ߳鶼еķǳࡣ
ܿ죬ʮʧڿռѷ֮
ֱʱǴС̫ӺԶ˹Ҳѷ졣
һ߷ǳµĹʬԦǾ߹ʬηͨͨ켶ǿߣʱܿʮΪ̽ѰʮŮӵʵݶ̽ѰΪζԷкһòʱʺϴݾߡ
С̫ԭضʮǿǰռѷ졣
漴һ̣ǳһƬ¿ռ䡣
ǣ
ǰ¿ռ䣬쵱ɵöݣͫ׶ɵΪ֮һ


2140 µӼ
ѷ󣬿ռһƬ鲼ѪɫͬһĹž
ңЩϣÿһξǽһӼɢźŨ
Ƭռ䣬ȫЩŵӼ
⡭
ƤӶɵ΢
ԭΪѷһƬ򣬱鲼ȴ뵽ѷĻ澹ȻˣЩӼǱȥģˡ
棬˵ڼ칬ǵȻ棬ֻ칬ǺɫĹڵ鸲γɼбȴӼķʽһ黯Ӽƺ֮ʲô
ңӼɢϢԶ칬ڵЩбɱȡ
ԱߣС̫ҲǵɴۣǰһĻ
䣡
ͻȻǰ˵ʥܲ쫷ϯ
쿴ǰС̫ȥŸԵϢ
ܿ죬С̫˳ʥܴķƬռ߳ȥԶٴο֮ǰʮͥҿʮİʮˣһȺΧ
٣٣ͬʱ֯ϢѪ죬ǳ׿ɢϢҲǷǳˣȫͨͨǿ߲ʮ߸ƵЩ˱һʱ侹Щס
ңΪҪǣЩɫ飬ЩȻ໥ɱƺȫûʶеģֻΪԭʼԡ
⡭
ݣЩʲô
ԱߣС̫۾ɵĸˣǰĺ飬̲סӣЩʵЩˡ



ƬռڣһЩѪɫϵӼ𶯣ѿб߳ճʱմȾѪɫճҺճҺܿʧ˶ٺǶʮ߸ͥңЩĺ顣
һĻʹԶϢ;Щµĺ飬ǴЩӼ߳ӼȻȿµĹ
ΪЩ
ͫһ
ʣƬռڵһУΪԲȻγɣЩĹ飬ڿ죬ʹ඼ɵúݺһ顣
ȻΪͨ켶սǺεȵķ񣿣ǺεȵֶΣ
ͬʱǺεȵĲ̣ΪõЩµĺ飬ڱģǰԲԸﻯӼ죬ǿѹһ飬ǿи졣
໣
صΧʮ߸ͥĺУͻȻ˷ʹ۵һԭը鿪
һЩ飬Ҳը鿪׷׻ΪɫŧѪ
ʹһζݣЩ飬ǰһ̻ޱͣޣһȴȻԼˡ
ۿ֮ʱʱкӼ߳׿ƥսԿͨǿߣЩӼ߳󣬴Ǳ鿪Ҳֻܴʮ
֧Ųڵı
ףƬ̺󣬷ԭ򡭡ЩȻֲܿǵԶԶزڵԣؼ̫õʱ䡣
䣡
ǰͨ켶ʥܷӿƬռڲӼƿк߳δϢĶʮ߸ͥʹöʮ߸ԽԽԵǱ
ЩȻ£ȴԴ̫ãȻΪĿʹöʮЩǱȴǲûЩͨ켶ͥ뵽֮
Щʲô
ЩȻûбƵвȴɫѿŭ𣬵ȴ𾪣ƬռڣطȻͨս
໣
ڻصƬռڣӼѣһһĺ߳
תۼ䣬ƬռڣгǧͬʱڣʹͥƬռڵĶʮ߸΢
Զ罫ϢС̫ϢȫסʱǰĻ棬ֻǼ򵥵ĿҲ̲ס΢΢Ķ£ǧ飬ÿһɶͨ켶սȻܴ̫ãɷǳˡ
ˣ
ͻȻƬռĵλʥԸ֯ʥ࣬ԲεĹⲨʮȵ
Ե֮ѪɫӼͺ飬ڵһʱʧȫ
ƬԭĿռ䣬һ˲ȫû֮ǰɭϢһӵ
˱ʣʹǰĶʮ߸ͨɵɫ䣬ֺݺһ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲٴαɫЩĿ࣬ͨ켶ǿߣЩѪɫҲܿҲܶ࣬鲼ռ䣬ǣȴȻ˲ϢͱղŵʥȫĨˣʹƬԭ֯ɭϢĿռùһĻЩˡ
ңΪҪǣղţС̫ԼǶʮ߸ͥǵʥԸˣǣȴǶû£δܵκһ˿Ӱ죬·ֻǱ̫ͨɨһ㣬ǵʥʶֻЩѪɫӼԼ顣
Ҳʱ𺳵ʱǰƬռģһӰҰУʮѩ׵Ĺʥ߹֮˰ĲʵĴ


2141 һŮ
ŮӱʮһƬѩףʥϢոȱ
ڣ
ղŵǵʥԣģ
ô죿ôˡ𣿡
ʮ߸ͥŮӣǶݡ
Ƕͨ켶Ĵڣƽռ߸ϣǰŮӣȴǲɵļ£ΪԷʮ̫ˣǸ֮ػһȫһ֮ػһڣʮߣϴڡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶĿȻҲŮӵϣһʱƿ
ŮһϮ£ȱգĺһģһͺҲһ֮ǰѾͥһ׼ǿʶмŮӣʱۼŶԷǲɵסˡ
ԱߣС̫Ҳһ˲˲ĿŰŮӣͬһ㣬ʱҲסˡ
Ůӱʮܶ࣬ȴһҲͻأԵø͸߹Ƭռ䣬ΪĴڣ·ʧȥй
ƬռĶȻȻͥʮ߸С̫ĿӶʮ߸ͥɨϣһ˿΢
һ̣ƺϸоʲôϢɵ΢£һ˲ϢϢĳԡ
ٶ̫ˣڣѾٶܽ͵ˣʹ첻ɵһΪԷͻȻǰĵŵŵɺˡ
Ů⣬ʥϵĿռ·˰㣬˵סһ˲˲Ŀ죬ԭƽ˫ĿŸֲ֣ͬϲڴԼΣֱǿڣ𣿡
ڣ˫Уʱһ˿˿ˮ
춯ݣԱһ˲֪Ůӿеġָ£̲סǰһʵ˭ʲôϵ
ʮŮӣһֲĴڣʱ򣬿ŶԷǺһģһգֱӺŮӵʵֱѯʶԷµĹϵΪһŮӡ
ѽʲôϵ
ԱߣС̫Ҳ̲סʵ
£֣
Ů񣬷·ʲôӵ˫дŨŨᡣ
¡
ͻȻƬռ𶯣һɫŻ֣һߴп˳
һϮۣ
ʮɫԡ
һĻʹ쵱ɫһ䣬ʮ֮ػһ徹Ȼһϴڣңô͵ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ͥʮ߸ҲǱɫæд񣺡ˣ
ͬʮŮӣǷûΪ˵֮ǰŮնͥһ콫ǲŮӵʲôóȻǰ
䣬ڶʮ߸û˿⣬·ûпĿͣһ˲ٲȻóֻʣâʱȴûж춯֣ĿڰŮӵϣȻδ͸Կ
ԣŮӣԿŮӵ֣
Ůƫͷߣϡ
ȻһейŮӹȻ֮ػһ塣
ͥǶʮ߸ɵ΢֮ǰȻŮʮ֮ػһľΪŮֱĨɱһͥ콫ԣܿŮӵʮȴЩȷԷǲ֮ػһ壬ʱŮӶԽߵĳƺĲȷֱʧˡ
䣬ϣĺŮֻѹһ塣Ůӵ£ֻм֪ʱã㵱ҲĳͷʱĹ͵ʱȥˡһ壬ǵĵһŮ
ͷ͵һһŮ֮ػһ嵱Ůӵĳν
ͬʱΪ߻еġֶŮӲȫŵģ
ǰŮӣŷ֣ԷȻʵ壬ûͬʱҲǻ壬ָо⣬޷Ů״̬
ύǡŽߣŮҡͷϣְɣҪټˣ鵮ɳдȨ
ߣռ䶼Ϊ֮·һ̾Ҫ̮ʱԶ㻹δѹ˫ȾѪȵ㣬ϷĻ
ҵ޷ĨȥԳŮӵŽߣְɳϣҪټȥعǰ
ߵֱһɰѹƵִԲ򣡡
䣡
ռ𶯣һϵ־ⷽռԻʥӿֱӳŮѹ£ŵĮɱƿɻء


2142 Ҹ𣿿
ʥѹԽӿطƬټĿռ䣬ɲǼǱϢˡ
оԼһ˲ϢǲܶˣԷûʱֻ԰ŮӣǣϢʹ޷ˣʹɫֱӱˣڣ岻ܿƵĲ
ϢҲݵĴѾǿͿֲܹݡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƕʮ߸ͥҲǷϢסˣǵһμ֮ػһĶڶֻ֣Ϣͨ켶ǿΪ֮־壬һͬһ㣬Զ
͵ģϵ𣬼ĮɱʥԣתڰŮӽǰ
һ̣ҲŮʲôѹʥֱӱʧˣ·ƾ˰㡣
Ƭռ䣬ʱָƽʱ¿ɶˡ
ɳϣҵ꣬˼ҲֻǿսƽһЩԭɱҡŮӿڣƽûһ˿һĽЩ˸УȻҵʵ򲻴һɾһˣκң
Աߣ⻰Ǳɫ׼ǿߵʥɵò¡
ܲµõŮӿеġǡָ֮ػһʮڣ֮꣬ػһʮڼҲֻǿսƽŮӣ۷ʱȻôǿ
ͬʱΪһݣŮӣ걻֮ػһɱˣڣôһ״̬
һߣͥĶʮ߸ͥҲŮӻе˼һͬɫԲɵһ
񷣬ӱøĮͬʱҲŨŨĺ⡣Ȼ֪ǰŮжǿ츳޷ݣ֮ػһĽΪһŮΪ֮ػһһǿߡ
Ȼ֮ػһĽȴΪĳЩ¶Ⱥ
Ժ޾ѹΪϷûнǵʵ
úʮɫ𶯣һɸӺ˵ʥ޷жǿʥƬСأƬСأ·һ˲仯㣬Ϊһ֣ÿһռ䶼·˹һ޴ĺڶɿһУһΪ֮Ĥݡ
ϢһʱԶˣ궼һӵľʹ·һ̾Ҫ顣
ڣһ̣һ촽
ԱߣС̫ҲˣͬԶ
Ȼһ̣ѹ˲ϢʧС̫ͬʱֿԶˣƬռڣɢϢתۼ䱻ȫĨЩֲ˵ĺڶҲ֮˲Ϣʧ
ȥɳϣҪ¾ˣһֱߵ·Ĵˡ
Ůӿڣʼմһֵ˸С
һĨâøܺã״̬һʮɫٴһΪ֮Хɱâѹ䣬ѵأܻعڶãϧʼڤ粻飬ǾͳŵϷȫһ˿ʶû㣡
ϵɱʶӿ֣ƬΪ֮о޴ĹӰ֣֮һ㣬ΪһɸߵʮʥӰʼһֱǶ֣ŰŮѹ¡
Ůӵıûб仯дһ˿įʮһһȦѩ׵ĹâʥŽߵ
͵һѹʮʥӰֱӷ飬󣬴ʥƲϣһ֮ɣͻأֵһռѷС
Կ
һŭĵͺӿռѷ󴫳һ̣ռѷպϣֱʧ
Ƭռ䣬ָ֮ǰģһα֮ǰΪ߶ĻϢʱʧӰ١
첻һǸ޷ݾжµĽߣ֮ػһʮڣȻ׾ͱŮӻˣŮӣȻֻһ˿ʶѣսԶ۷״̬
ˣԷ۷ʱõǺεȵǿ󣿣
ԱߣС̫ɴ˫ۣҲǱȫסˡ
һߣͥǶʮ߸ͨ켶ɫˣ֫ϺУʱǲɵøֳ˾㤺Ϳ־塣
һ̣ವƿ𣬶ʮû˿ͣٺԥȫٶȳƬռ֮ȥתۼ
ŮӱʮѩЩʵڶʮȫû⣬·һʼûпǣɶʮ뿪
ĿϣΣҲεڴҽºҸ𣿹Ŀ𣿡


2143 ûʸ
챻Ůӵʵסˣֱǿƽ
ԭѯŮӺ¾ʲôϵӭŶԷ⣬ŶԷʱûѯʡ
ͦõġ
֪Ůӿеġָ£򵥵ĽһЩµ¡
Ůú棬˺ʱˮ
Ѿкˡ
ͬʮĽߣƽʱȴЩʡ
쿴ŶԷɵǶݣԷֻһ˿ʶѣûʵʵȴǾȻܹˮ⵽һʲôľ磿ԷΪʲô㣬ʱµʱΡĺģ
ô뵽ɻͷͻȻһһ̿ŶԷǺһòһļ䡣
㣬ѵǡ
ŶԷ¶ޱŨľɫ
Ůӿ죬ʱµõ뵽ʲôʵ㣬ʲô
졣

죬иıظֵĿܣúչ۰Ůʮʥԣһƴʥڣˮٴӿ֣дڵģҪҵ£ҡûΪĸʸ񡣡
Ż䣬Ӱ˲Ϣڣʧǰ
ǰ
̲ס̽ƬռڣȴѾȫû˶ԷϢ
סˡ
֮ǰĲ²⣬ûдĵһŮǡµĸף
ԱߣС̫ҲסˣҲû뵽µĸ
һһ޴Ƭռڣз紵Ǵˡ
ֱֹȥʮһԻع
ʶڣûȥµ⣬طµĸף֪Էݣ֪һЩ£Щˡ
Է걻֮ػһ׷ɱɱˣֻʣһ˿ʶΪʲôΪʲôᱻ֮ػһ׷ɱ֮ػһĵһǿ߰
µĸʲôˣܵõ֮ػһһŮ֮ػһ׷ɱʱѵһ֮ػһ度ˣ
һʱ䣬ˣ˶ˡ
µĸף°ɣ
С̫дŵǣΪ֪˷Ůӵ״̬á
ԣҲŵ
һЩǿߣƾһ˿ʶʵҲع飬µĸȴûܳƺΪĳЩԭܣȥ䵥ʶؼ̫ãɢ
ȥ
ԷҪ¹£ôĵµӤʱһ翷񵽣ˣ֪Լĸĸ˭δĸȻˣ֪ʵһҲϣһܼĸףο֪ĸ׵¶֮󣬵ص¹ĸ׵£ɶԷȴΪعʧˣ¸õжģ
һ̣ЩˣֻҳԷһеĿܰԷָµĸװңܸоԷµİһҲ¡
ܹ뵽ԷһΪ֮ػһȫ׷ɱԲŽӤߣǰĿģֻΪ˱֤µİȫ
ȻĽǣȴʲôҲˣ֪Էȥ
һʱ䣬סˡ
֮С̫Ƭռڣ£ʱʱķ㶣һ۱һʱȥ
һ죬ʱ֣侲գص˸
һʧģ
ŶԷһ뵽취ع飬һʶԲɢ
µĸף
Сһ뿪
кС̫
µĸһ£ҪǿⳡĴдع棬յȫ¡֮󣬵ȵԷعʱһټԷһԷĸŮһؾۡ
С̫Աߣ̤ܿƬռ䣬硣
ǿռۣ߳ʱɵ뵽ƬռڵһУô£˭طͨ켶սôĿģʲô
֮ػһ𣿡

µĸԿԷƬռ䣬ƺΪ˾һжȥƺһ֪ԷãƬռһУпܾ֮ػһΪ֮ƺΪĳЩԭûһĳԱǸطء
һ£һߺС̫Ƭɽ֮ȥܿ߳ɽ
ҲʱͻȻƿ𣬶ʮߵӰͻأ֣֯ͨ켶ѹС̫Χ


2144 նͨ
ʮߵӰ֯ͨ켶ѹȻ֮ǰǶʮ߸ͥ
٣ѹ
һ
һǰΪηԿƬռ󣬲ûֱ뿪Ƭ磬Ƭɽţ뿴̬֮Ϊǲȷʮ߻᲻»֮ȫˣǿ¶⵽ѡ
֮ǵȵڣһֱδʮ߸ϻأһ죬С̫Ƭռ߳ڰй۲úȫûвԿϢǲ²ԿѾ뿪ƬˣʱֱԻΡ
ֻ壬ѹ죬͵֮ػһ壬ܵõ޴ĺô
ѽǡ
С̫־Ҳû뵽ʮ˾졣
Щˣɶͨǿߣܵסͨǿߡ
û¡Ȼ֪СһʱڵʲôСһɨʮ߸ڵôڷǳĽ׶ΣɱǷй
Ż䣬ֱӽɵԼٶȡĹʬԼûʬڡ
䣡
Ԧʬһʬһ΢ĩʥӿ̼ط񷶼Ϊ֮
ѽ
С̫ɴۡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮ߸ͥҲͬɫ䣬ʱԦʬɢǵϢ궼ɵһڵһʱһв
㡭
ԦĹʬЩ˸һ̸ǾŭӣҲû뵽쾹Ȼôֲһ߹ʬϢ̫ǿˡ
ԦʬԼ뵽ɵڣɵƵС̫ԱߣС̫õ͵С̫ͳȥǧɵľ롣
׹ǣ
ڵĲôãʱӭЩͥԦʬ˲ϢһǰֱӻӶȭͷ͵ѹ¡
˵һʮ̼Ϊ֮飬ھ֮¼ʥȴ˲Ϣ㱻飬Ԧʬȭͷȵϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽǿͨ켶һʱ飬ֻʣǿһľ壬һǳĿٶȺˣһһؾ
ȻȴǸᣬԦʬתۼǳԱߣûһĻһĶٴλȭ͵һȭ¡
ۣ
һ죬ǿһȭ£ֱͥӱ飬
ʮ߸ͥʱʣ¶ʮˣһɵһֻת۶ѣеһ˾ͱɱˣûܹüԮ
ȫƾһʬ壬ܵס˺
˺ͺȡ
ʮ˶ͥʵۺ񣬸ŵʱ򣬺¡¡ģʮȺ󶼽Լĵÿһڵƽǿǳ
ң֮󣬶ʮⶼеâԻȫʱ
Ҫɱؼʱ֣סҪ֮ŴĴǣ
һ˵
֪
һ˿ڡ
£ʮ˽ȫ߶ԵĵңҲ֮ӿһѹ졣
ɱƣǳˣϵĿռȫˣ˿·
Ԧʬӱ䣬ûκζĶֱӻӶȭͷ
ˣ
һȭѹ£ռ䶼Ϊ֮𶯣лԵϢ֯˳
͵ģʮ˼˲Ϣ𣬸ԵĵȫɣԸѺۡ
ô᣿
ʮʧɫȫϳһɱȻȴȻ㣬ȻԦǾ߹ʬһ˲Ǹı顣
ৣ
ƿɲЩϵľɫԦʬֱӱǶˣһͱƵһ˽ǰֱһȭѹ䣬֮ǰҪǿᡣ
˵һһʥı죬ͬһըմ顣
ӭһȭɫ䣬ӭϣˡ
ֻǣһȭ̫ǿˣµȭƾϵĿռסˡ

һ죬Ϊ⣬ʱû뵽ҪԷĵȭͷڶԷĵ֮ϣֱӽ֮ҵķ飬ȭɲһڶԷϣ۵һֱӽԷķ飬ͨ켶Ѫˮա

δ𣬾ŭ㤣ɿˣԦĹʬ롣
쿴˵ֻ꣬һǿ絽Էǰ
һȭѹ䣬ȭƿҺݣʹʮԮֱӱǽ˵ҵķ飬ĶԷ׵ʧ䡣
һĻʹʮǲɵúݺһ
ߣˣ
ҧԶȥʮĸҲһԶ


2145 ʬ
ʮǳˣǲףʱᵽԦǹʬжô£ȻǼ˵˺ҲǶ֡
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ٶȺܿ죬תۼǳȥԶ
Ԧʬмź⣬һǿ˹ȥ𶯳ʬڵһ˿ʥܵĿռȫ
ˣ
ûκζĻͶֱӻȭһȭѹ䣬ʮ𣬱һС
ǿһȭȭƺһȭƷ籩ϯ
һʱ䣬۵ģѪˮŽʮͥɣԴڿѪ
ӱԦʬٴγȥһǰһȭѹ¡
һȭ񱩺ˣֱϣ۵һ֮ķ飬ԦʬһץסԷҪߵ꣬˺ķ顣
̧֣һѽĵץУĨϵӡǣʮĸͨ켶ûһ˿һԥһǿ˹ȥȭҡ
ȭӿȣ·һȭâĺ󣬽ﶼѡ
ʮĸȫ⣬ȻԼԦŹʬ죬ȴǸס
ģס֣


ʮĸͨҲһ߶ҲڻȻԦĹʬȴǸԵֵʮһ˱ɱ
㣬㡭
ʮˣʱʣˣԦĹʬɵ¶˾㤡
ңʱЩڣڲطŶԸ죬ôҲû뵽ϾȻôһ߿ֲĹʬǸֵס
ѽ
ԶС̫ɵԦĹʬ۾ɵõɵĹԲ
ʮ߸ͨ켶ת۾ͱĨɱ˶ʮˡ
ԦʬĿĮսʮıˣʱˡ
ҲʱͻȻԶʥԣǳˣʹֹ￴ȥ
ҰУһ֣߳תۼط
һϮۣͷֺɫɢϢǳˡ
ˣԦŹʬͫһ
ɢϢǾŸͥ֯ŵϢһǿᡣ
ˣ
طŵϲѣͻأֵߣ·ڼĺץһݡ
˿ǰйһǴ񣬶֮ǰƬռʮԼԿȫ漴졣
ǿµĹʬڣǲУ롭˳֣
˶ͨ켶ڣʱߣȴǷǳĹ̬ŵĺܵͣΪԷǿ̫ˡ
˵ɫ΢ΪԿ¶ݣ漴ȥĿϣֻ塣
죬ĿĮȥ
Ԧʬɫ΢䣬֮ǰ֪ͥ漶Ƭ磬Ȼ٣Ȼûб֮ػһȵվˡ
漴ԦʬһγС̫ԱߣСֱ̫Զݡ
ԦĹʬǰԱͥĹǿ󣬵ǣʵԶԶӲʬȫ༤ɽһǣֻӦͨͨ켶ǿߣͥ漶ˡ
ߣһǿ˹ȥֱ̧֣ԦĹʬѹ£Ҫог꣬ȡ
һƿƼ򵥣ȴǽܵĿռȫգܵĻᡣ
ҧ޿ɱܣֻüԦʬȭӭϡ
һ̣ԦʬӳȭͷͥѹĴײһ
ˣ
һʮմ
漴ŵŵɵģһԶ
һߣͥҪǱһЩŵŵɵĺ˳ȥʮһԶ
ʹͫײɵһͬʱٴᵽ߹ʬĿ£סԦǻȭܷӳȫʱȴڴ֮ϣʤһϮ۵ͥ漶ڡ
ˣ
ͥҲǱɫΪһĻȡ
ͫһһ˲˲ĶԦĹʬоâʬ֮һ̣±֮ǰ䣬һɭɭڶֱ𶯳ʥûʥӡٴץ˹ȥ
ӭʥӡ쵱ɫһʱоǵʥӡĿ£ʹڹʬڵ궼ɵһ
ڣʥӡѹԷǵȰʥӰ쵽꣬ʹ޷Ԧʬжԭء

еͺ꣬ҪԦʬ¶ȴЧΪ߱ʥʵ̫ǿˣȻʬˣԼΪȶԷ̫ͣʱ걻ѹˣҲ޷
һʱ䣬ֻʥӡѹ
һ̣һ⡣
ʱʥӡѹ䣬걻ѹƣԶȴǸоʬڵʥͻȻж·ʬʶתʥ
ʥһʥͬˮһ㵴
ͣ
ѹ䵽ǰʥӡֱӱ飬ʥⲨƲٶȿˣһڻϣһ֮ĺɣдĿѪˮա


2146 ɱ
ѪˮƮڿУ㴥Ŀ˽Աɫ
ˣ
̲ͥסг
ѽ
С̫ɴ˫ۣһĻʵЩš
ͬʱʬڣʱ꾪
һ̣ĸоʬڵʥתٶԽԽˣңϢͻʼֲָͬĺҹͻȻһ΢⣬΢⿪ʼǣɢкڰ
һ̣һɴԹʬӿûе˳ȥ
漴ʬУоâ֯طƬնΪ֮ɫ
걻ɿûԼС̫ǧԶ¿ǰǾ߹ʬ
ˣ
ƤӶɵʱ򣬹ʬɢޱŨ
ţǰЩӣȫûиоκһ˿ϢôϢͻȻԼð˳״ȫ޷⡣
ԱߣС̫˫ۣɵӣСſͷ䡣
ҲʱɵͥסΣĿڹʬϣһߵ죬漴ĿڹʬϣΪ֮һ
ʱͥȻǷ˹ʬı仯ѾڼԦƿأң״̬ҲѾı䣬һʬ壬Ѿһˡǣһ㣬ͥȴô⡣
εڲ룬ָˣŹʬͥĮһЩߣֱӶ֣ʥ𶯣֯˻ɱѹʬʵﳹʧˡ
䣡
ʥ磬Ҳ֪֮ǰ˶ٱƬ綼ʼڳݡ
ת۶ѣɱѹ䵽ʬǰڹʬϣ¡һըϢܵĿռȫ
̳һƵƮţ̳ܿɢȥʬվԭأ
⡭
춯ݡ
ղһܸоõжô£ǣѰĹʬһȴ˿Ҳ𣬵ƾͽǻһ
ô᣿
ͥҲ¶ݡ
ʬϣϢԽӵŨҲ˹󣬱
ֵƬˣ
߹ʬһߣʱѾǡʬˣٲȻһˡ
Ϣڲϵǿ󣬽ģǿʼ仯ᣬΪģ絶㣬һָͳȵĸо
ȱ仯ʹǲɵöݣС̫Ҳǵۣϻ
һߣ۹һղһѾǶʵˣȻǵȼɱʥйʬԷȴ˿Ҳվԭأڷ·ûпĹңʱ򣬶ԷɢϢڲͷһɲ֮С
ɲ֮г֣ͥ治ɵߣʥӿ̼䱩ǣֱӼųɵս۳һʥϢƺƵ綼·Ҫ֮飬Źʬ꣬Įüָˣڡ
䣡
𶯣˵Ļʬɨˣֱɱʥ䡣
ʥ𶯣ٶȿ켫תۼ۹ʥ۵һԷķ飬ңͬҲһʥʧڡ
һĻʹͫ͵һˣ
ͥĹ漶ﰡȴȻʬһ˲͸ɱˣ⵽Ǽ˸εǿĴڣ
С̫˫۵ɵĸԲˣʹӡ
ˣ
ô⣬⡭
̲ͥסɫȫˡ
һһ棬ôɱˣ
ӣ
һ̣ôһͬͬʱУֱӱԶݡ
˲ŶݳԶʥ£뱻˸
ʬ䣬վԭؿŲ񷣬ɨƬ磬дŵâǲɵ̾Ϣ
վܲ

漴תǧ֮죬Ҳʲôһ̱ǳԡ
ŶԷڽǰȫûпԷƶ켣ĳһ
ֻ˳һסΣû¶ɵη壬ΪоóԷûжʲô⡣
ǰǸ֮ǰżȻǰΪǰѹʣԶǰ

ʱȻܸоԷûʲô⣬ԼȴǺΣڿԷǸʱûͥĻƺУһֲ״̬£ȴΪԷȥˣԷչ֮ɱá
ͬʱҲǰһʱ䣬ԶԷΪɱʱԷָΪͻȻжһ£ԭûԼʶֻûвѡ


2147 ʮ
ٶȺܿ죬ǰһ˲˲Ŀ졣
õǸ˲ӣԴ̼˵ǰ㡣죬˵Ӧл㡣
΢㶣Щ⣬Լľ˶Է
ǰû¾ͺá
عô
˿죬Եޱ䣬޵׵ĺڶֻ壬벻˸ô
΢ɣǰ⻰ʲô˼
ãԷл
˲δϸ˵ҡҡͷֿһԵС̫漴Զա
㵱Եǰ㣬·߲ͨôƬ棬ұסһ̣н֯Ĺ⣺ܱǣ
仰䣬һ˲䣬оƺһ£ڻ̿һ㡣
궼ɵΪ֮һһʱоһӿĻ֮һʱ
˷飬صⳡǿԻս
Ŀϣޱȵ䣬һ̣Ϣʧԭء
طһ±üž
ĿⲻɵЩ˸̫ǿˣղɢǵϢԱȵ֮ǰƬռǸ֮ػһʮˡ
ͬʱһҲݣԷƺʶ
һʱ䣬ɵЩ
ֱȥʮ»ָƽ
ˣЩ£ҲûãȥԼ¡
кС̫뿪
ƬڵƿѾȡ£кС̫뿪׼ǰͨ磬ȡЩͥռƿͬʱҲһѰҰ׻䡣
֮󣬲ʱ䣬ѰһƬĴ磬ֱƬĴɱ׼ǿߣƬڵռƿߡ
ΪֻǴʥ𾳵죬ΪֻľĹϵıԴǱ̶ܹܵȵͷţֻضʮսȫһս֮£ԻɱһЩͨס
ȥ磡
С̫
С̫̤֮뵽һƬһƬǰͨ磬ȡһһͥռƿ
תۣʱǹȥ¡

µʱ䣬ʮͥռƿһкС̫һƬ̤롣

һƬδ֪ڣɽ鲼ޱȵΡ롣
ʲô
ƬڣһУһʮĽ߻Ĵһ֮վĿľâֱӽ룬Ϣ𵴡
ߣȻ֮ǰ׷ѰԿ󱻻ɵˣԿҷзһʱ䣬ǰЩӲȥ֮ǰƬ磬ϧԿѾƬ磬󷵻
漴һ죬һһʮǿǰһ¡
˼òһŮӣ
н֯ľâŨ
ͬʱԱ߻˸ʮڣ⻰һһ
ǰԿ֮ػһǴأֻдﵽʮĴڲ֪ڣ֮ǰһڳȴʮ⣬û֪ʷԿôһˡǰЩӣԿƬ緢֣ʮ˱㶼֪ˣԭ֮ػһ廹һŮӴﵽʮ
鴫ȥԶͥǸ۹֪ݣ뵽˵£̽ȥ
ǧȷں˵òһģһŮӣ
ʮǿߵ
ң˴ʶӻ֮ǰǸֶ߳
ʶӻ֮ڣ°ʤѩ˾
һʱ䣬ߺʮӽһоâŨ
һݣôɣǡĺǸ࣬ȻûмĻĿĺ⣺ں棿ܺãõúܣϷȥĺץΪ֣ʱʲôӦ
Կ壬һŵĳ裬ڲǰԿһʶδѹоޱȱϤ˺Կһģһǲµ˺ܶ£кŨ
Ż䣬л֮⽻ֱ֯˺ѿŻһУתۼʧԭء

棬һƬͨ硣
Υͥͥ࣬㲻кýض׹
ƬĴѪˮȾƬ棬һͥ飬ֻʣ꣬ʱĿľŭ
ȾѪһսԼҲ˲ˣʱӱ䣬ֱһԷն£ҲΪͥ׼
ۣ
һ죬ֱͥӱն
漴̧֣طͥռƿȡڡ
СһһƬ磬ʼΪ
һߵС̫


2148 
µʱȥ߹һƬƬĴ磬ܹȡʮ˿ƿ
ЩƿڣŴΪͥɱռȡЩƿÿ֮ˣȽΪһᡣ
ܿ죬С̫ѰһŻ̵СǳĻ㹻ȫ
ǳڣС̫ǳڵһƬĹУӡʮϢĴ󣬽ʮ˿ƿȡһָС̫Լһ롣
ʼ
С̫
ѽ
С̫ͷתԼһĴйžʼȡƿڵΪ
תֻľɫʥ⣬ƿȡŨ֮ƣڣֻľ£ӿÿһѪС
һʱ䣬ǿʢΪһƵ
ˣʱһΣתۼ䣬¹ȥ
µʱ䣬ʮſƿڵȫĹ⣬ʥԱøӵŨ
ʥأ
ΪԽǵ˺棬ҪҪķѵǻҪԽԽ࣬ˣһƿڵʥڶﵽʥ죬ʮſƿڵȴֻǴʥشﵽʥ졣
ﵽʥأʱʶӦı仯ĸоڵʥøӵĻˣʶӼͣսǿ˼ࡣ
ҲʱС̫ҲʮſƿڵϣΪʥڴﵽʥ졣
ѽ
СһĽ̶µʱ䣬Ϊô࣬ǻ졣
һЦһ¾硣
ܴһԣ֮Ϊ̫ȱݣӰȻˣǵȹһµǰΪ޺
£С̫طתԵĹžʼ̵ǰľ硣
ֲһʥԣƬɽڽӳ

桭
ǿУǳĿһʮȻ֮ػһĶǿߣ֮ǰźԿòһģһƬѰңڹȥʱ
Կ벻㾹Ȼ˺ĸŮĳ裡裡
ǿӱ̹ǣɱⰻȻ
ǿУһſǳҡ·һ̾Ҫ鿪
ٶȣľˣǿת֮ǴԽƬ
úǰһŴǣɫʰ쵣ʣϺλá
ӱøӱеɱޱ޼ʣֱӳŹǿȥ
ҲʱϢһΡ
һ꣬һϮۣǿϣͬһ㣬оκ⡣
ֹ΢ղţطûκˣǰ˳ֵ̫ˣȻûע⵽
̫ĺܵӰ졣ӱøӱɱ⣺ԿĸỤ̊
³ǰĹǶȥ˵ĿҲǱˡ
౰΢ġˣ̹ǣɱâ֯⣬²ϢȻһ˲䣬ǸӦʲôŲһ٣Ļֹסˣɫһ˲ɷףˡ
һ̣֮ػһʮڣؼǿ֮һ岻ķͨķ˼㣬иĿ־塣
ûκԥֱӵͷӣٶȿĺˣʱ䶼Ťˡ
ԹսɱЩΪֺմմϲ⣬ΪԼĲಢûж٣Ȼǿȴ֪뷨Ƕô֪޴ЩǿߣԽʵǿԽִʲôԽԼжĲ࣬Խ
⣬ƽȥͨûκ𣺡㲻
Ѿݳ޾ԶִƮǿʥסֱǿзֽ⣬ת˲ɢ
ǿս֯ԣûκα仯꿴ڣϢʧ
ͬʱһƬδ֪ڣɽʣһʥڣ˸ʮڴһͻȻɫ䡣
ôˣ
ʵ
ʮڷĮˣһ˲䡭ʧˡ
ʲô
ˣͬʱɫ䡣
Įͺ߽Ī棬žԴֻͨҪһһ˿ڵһʱо
һ˲ɱĮ֮ͥ⣬ؼֻһ˿
ˡ
ʧôã񣬳ˣ
һ̣ʮǿߣһɫǱѿ

棬һŷǳڡ
С̫ƬǳйΪ⽻֯ʥԣԽԽ
漴ֹȥʱ䣬ʥûڣվ

ʱ䣬תֻľʹøմﵽʥΪȹ
ͬʱС̫ʱҲ˹ͣתžҲȹ
ߣƿȥͬʱͷ㸸ǡ
кС̫


2149 ׻
뿪ǳС̫ú뵽һƬĴ硣
ҪȡͥռƿֻȲεĴУ֮ϵͬǵȼ磬ɲȥΪĴ֮ڣһ㶼ͥͨ켶սɵסͨ켶ڡ
Ƭ磬еѪζŨңѾм
ûԥСֱ̫ӳƬȥ
ͥռƿÿһ綼ǴĴλá
úǿԶǰһƬɽĻХдʹһһ޵㶯ݡ
ѽ
С̫ۡ
ȻҲڰ׻ʱо˰׻Ϣ
ߣ
Сֱ̫ӳŻХķȥ
ѰҰ׻սôƬ磬˰׻
ٶȺܿ죬תۼûǰɽڡ
úǰһȺ콫ƾ˵ʥԣ׻Щ콫ǣΧţһһɱն
ͬʱŲٲȱʬ壬ԲдʥϢΪͥ콫д󲿷ֶʥؼĴڣʥܲס

в졣
׻Ϊܸоʥ죬Ϊɱʥǿߣս˵ǳǿ
Ҳˣʱ򣬰׻״ôãΪΧ׻ʥ̫ˣȴ׻ɱĵڵϵʮʬ壬ʱаڹ׻󲿷ֶʥ켶ĴڣңΪ׵һˣޱƽʥΡ
£ֱӱǿ˹ȥʮԶǺͰ׻кӴ
ӴС̫Աߣѧһ䣺ҵ˴
׻ȥһʱϲ
СӣСһ
ͻȻֵС̫ȼ˷ܣƬ棬ԼСֿ̫ˣѾǹȥһꡣ
һʱ䣬ʵãǣֿһƬİĻٴǸоǸһʱؾһ㣬ʱȻǷǳĸˡ
ңʱС̫ͻȻ֣Ǹϲ
죡æ

֮ǰͥٶʥһ׷ɱѾǼսҹˣնеĴ룬ʣһٰ룬ʥҪɿˣսѾûʣ¶١
Χ׻һȺ콫ȻȻҲС̫Ǵɫ
ͬ
һնˣ
УֱʮѹС̫
С̫Ű׻ȥѹʮʥÿһۣ󣬳嵽ǰʮʥڹʱ򣬵һʱз鿪ǵɱ⵽ڵֻľķ𣬻δӦؼʧ
һ̣С̫ڰ׻ǰ
ﬣ
ûκζܼĽ⸡ͬһƬ㳯ն
۵ģŵİʥڵһʱ䱻Ƚâ顣
Ȼûʲôˣͦġ
Ű׻˵
ʱ򣬰׻Ⱦ˲Ѫ˵ȴأֻʥҪɿ˶ѡ
ʲôоȻûˣ᲻˵׻ۣЩȻĵүôҲô䣬ȻǴʥ죬ʥһκαֻıʥѡ
ƬİºС̫ؾۣ˷ܹ󣬱ͬƽǰ㡣
Nɪ
б
ʱûʰ׻ΪʲôᱻͥЩ콫׷ɱΪǲҪʣͥдɱƬ飬һͬ蹷㣬ֻҪͥˣֱӱɱȥ
ʵʵ˵׻ٴηۣСֲ̫ɵöݣԲۣСӣ㶼ʥˣСһʥ˶
С̫ûжʲôʱȻȻǸӦĵߵΪ磬ɵЩԾҪ֪һǰֻʥһѣС̫Ǵʥ죬һȴǴﵽʥأС̫ﵽʥأΪٶȣЩˡ
ҵʲôĵرˣΪô죿
ۡ
һʱΪô࣬Բܡ
ǡ
ȡͥռ¼˵¡
׻ԣǶݣС԰ү֮ǰôû뵽ôأôַۣðɣ뵽ˣҲûʵõ
˵⻰ͻȻ뵽һ£вɵ¶տտľâˣСӣү֮ǰżȻ˵ͥƬѰһǷıأм׼ǿ߸Ϲȥˣ˵˲õ䣬ܶԸ׵սֱɱȥ䣡Ȼȥռƿ


2150 ʥ
أʲôأʲô䣿
΢ɡ
үҲǷǳף򣬲׼ǿǰ
׻
ͷ׻ô˵ҲǺе
֪ʲôλã
ʰ׻
Ȼ֪ġ
׻ͷ
Уߣ
ð׻·£һ޳Ƭλöȥ
Ͱ׻֪ǴأƬһС
˲ԶֱӶ֣ʥ𼶵Ϊ˺ŻŰ׻С̫УתƬ
ȥǰ󣬿߼ʣкϯ˿˿
Ű׻С̫ٶȺܿ죬źУûñǿԶǰһ޴죬ʥơ

΢
ð׻ᵽֵͥǴأӦþˣΪֻǴԶԶĿȥܿĲһʥмĿԴڷǷء
ֻ̫֪ǴƬС׻ǰΣǴأӦþǴ⵺ˡ
ûԥкߣֱӳǰĵȥת̤ϡ
ʼһ̤뵺ϣһ޵Ƕݣֲ꼫࣬Щͨ࣬洦ܼ֯ŵ֮ϢȴŨˣŨЩ
⡭
׻ۣ棬һֲɢ֮ϢԺһʥǿȡ
Щˣ
䣡
ͻȻϣǰʮ⴫˵ʥܲ׼ѹ
쿴к׻С̫ȥ
ʮɵľ룬ǿʿԲԶת۱Ǵﵽ
ȥǰվŰ˸꣬ͥеķΣ׾硣
ʱںǰһƬɫ
ƬƺһƬռ䣬ҪС
¡
ʥ֯˲϶֣Ƭ뽫֮顣
Ȼɫ̫ˣ˸׺ʥЩϣǶЩû˿𣬸޷Щٵ
ǵȻ޷ƿһ˿ڣֻ̩ܵľˣʱٷùˡ
̩ľҪܵ
ʥѶѾȥʱˣ̩ľ˴ھƬһƬڣպᵽ
֮󣬵ȡǺĶ̩ľӦûǲ׵ʹ͡
н֮ȡǾͺˣõǶδĺô޴󣡡
ϧˡ
໥̸Щϧ
Ű׻С̫طӦܣָûǿߺʱֱ˹ȥ
ιô߳ȥ˸װ
׻ۣ֮ǰնɱףʱôҡڵ߳ȥǲɵһϾ˸վһ
뵥һһһսӦնɱһ԰˸ףܹȫסȷһ㣬ʱͷƤ΢
Դ˲⣬ǰȥ
ʱûڣǰİ˸ͥȻǿӽһ䡣
ʥ𼶱ƬڣȻȼˣЩ⡭һ˿쿪ڣһ̶ݣԱߵС̫壿
ͬʱ߸ףҲǶɫһ
һ̣н¶â
ͷնץ
֣
һˣ׼ʥסܡ
ǵܲǷʥĺܺãĺܺãһЩѹȥܵ÷ʹͣ
˵ʥת۱䵽˽ǰ
Ϣİ׻ʱˣ˸һ֣ǿɲġ
Ȼһ̣וּһһڳһУֱӽѹ׼ʥնɢ
һ̣ڣȺڱ֣Ϣǲȶв
ۡ׻ֱӵɴۣʱĸо˰ڱ֯ͨѹСӣ⣬⡭
֮ǰᵽԼɱףȴûͨ켶ʥ£ʱ򣬼ôͨ켶Ӷ˳
ͬһʱ䣬棬ͥİ˸׼ǿҲɫ䡣
㡭
Ƕ׼ʿսǿʥǿ֧ŵĵȴҲסοʱ컹һ˰ڵ
ûЩ˵ʲôֱӶ֣ʥΪʩչرԦڵͥ˸׼ǿѹ£ÿһڵǹһˡ
ȹ˶ԣǻԵģڣӶС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽֻתۼѣ˸ױĨɱˣֻʣһˡ
⣬ǡ
׻
Ԧڵתն߸׼ǿߣǽŵˡ
Ҫ֪ͨͨ켶ǿҲûһȼı죬ȴôȼı
һߣŵͥ׻ȾѪɪɪ۶ǿ־壬̲סڣģšŹң
Ҳ־塣
첻˵ʲô԰ڵѹֱûԷʶУѰط¡
һۣʮȥڶԷʶѰ˹ط£¶ݣʥ


2151 ʥ
ǻźӵмĴɫʣ˶ﵽ׵ľ硣
ʷϣഫһΪؼǿ֮һһ֮ɵ˿ްꡣ
ˣǻͬʱҲʥͨ켶ǿ߶Ǿʥ䡣
û뵽ط֮ϣȻһ
ôСӣʲô
׻ʵ
һƽһͥĵķ飬û¼򵥵
׻ҲǱĵɴۡ
ӵϣ˵³ɵ
һӵǣ֪ǷĴڣȴõԷĴڣǾؼĴ֮һǵǿ߳ɵôҲ֪ǳʥΪ֮
Ӹղʶ̽ѰȷʵڣһżȻϿռӰԻ
ǰĳƬ֮
׻һϲǻʲôϽİȥڳ
һ㣬ȻҪ˵ڵ֪һѾʼ۲ǰƬˣŵдƬƽ֯ȥûصף̽Ѱܡ
ܿ죬ӵʱȥ̽Ѱط֪˲ٶ
ĺĴƣдƵҪƿǳѡ

ܾ֮ĺĴƣҲйء
жѣƿ𣿡
׻ʵԴ˺⡣
ܡʱϵ÷ѺܾãϣʩΪҪ졣
ʲôҪôã׻㲻ô𣿻ٵƬӦöѣֱӽЩЩƻͺˣ
ˡҲͥǵȼ˲ƿ˵ţֵƬ磬ͨȳ̶ȵ磬ܹٵƬ磬ƬЩѰˣ͵ļͳ̶ȣԱȵ磬ͥǵȴҲԽ֮ٵ
⡭
׻ɵõۣˡ
첻ٺ˵ʲôƲϽ֯ŵصӿȥĴơ
ʱһɽȸУһϢѾȥԵģҲ֪жͥǿ߻嵽漶ﶼ
սЩҲܶԸ켶ǿߣͨ켶ǿ߸͵ס漶ǲö˵·һ
ԣʱٶƿɫϣֱӽռڵڳߣûʱ
ð׻С̫һţԼٶתţ顣
ˣһۣһȥ
һڽطشϣܼƻһƽݸصµشֱ֮һǰն¡
וּһһǰĳƬֱӱն飬ҽ
󣬿ģռֳ֮һɫ֮磬ΪϱƻɫʱҲ֮鿪
ޱŨʥ֯һʥֱӳʹ綼Ϊ֮һ£תۼ֮ࡣ

ǵ⡭ʲô
һ̣Ƭ嫵Ĵڣ˶ʱ򿴵Աʥ˶Ϊ֮𺳣ֻԶԶĿǵʥͨ˸оΪ֮һʿΪ֮󶯣ǵз·
䣡
Ƭڣʱ䣬һǿ߶ʥˣԳ˹ȥ

֮ϡ
ʥʱڽǰһΪ֮һ
ʱ򣬰ŽĴʥоԼƺһ̾ҪͻƵʥڰ㡣
ͬʱԱߣ׻С̫ȻҲƵĸоһ𺳡
ʥɢȥ֮һƬɫĿռ䣬ɲ컨أĴһԾľɸߣÿһƬҶϺÿһ֦ϣ֯иӣеʥơ
ǵȸоͷ·ǣΪʵʻ硣
桭У
׻ķʷȫһģһ
ѽ
С̫ɴۡ
ȻҲľн֯žâֱǰߡ
ϵش֮̽ڳߡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ʱƿյһԶգһһӰ֣ͥսף֯ʥתۼط


2152 Ϥ
һӰڽǰⶼǽ֯ž˵ʥȫʥ
ЩΪͥǿߣԶƬʿǿʱϵ
ˡ
Ŀ죡
׻ɵҧͬʱҲΪһͥʵ̫ɲˣʥʿ֮ͨ٣Ȼͥڣȼǿȴë֮ǰ׷ɱʱٶʥ񣬻ôʥʵھˡ
ʥĿȻһʱǰϡ
˵еʥ
⡭
Щ콫֪طѾһ׼ǿ߷֣ʱط۾ֱطһ˶ˡ
󣬵£ͬʱˣ볯ǰȥҪ֮¡
Сһʹǣȡʥ
쿪ڣС̫Ͱ׻
ʱûдЩ콫ʥڳҪġ
ѽ
С̫ͷɫһʮռȫס
£۵ģֱŴƬʥ
үҲ
׻ʥ죬սȴͨʥǿ߻Ҫǿʱ֣â𶯣Ҳתۻɱʮʥ
طһʥɫΪС̫Ͱ׻սסˣ˲ɵúˡ
С̫Ͱ׻ɲ˲ˣ֣ͣʥɱâһѹ¡

嵽طһȺͥʥңҽдһһն
ûЩʱǰ
ߵǰĿҶӺ֦ɣϽ֯ӡûɵʹ΢Щӡֻһ˲ӯʮ֮࣬ңԼֻľһʱ˸ĸ뷨
ʹݣȻǴ˵еʥͬ죬ԼֻǿǰѣûȥʲôǾȻȻȳЧ֮ʥ£ʥǵЧָõжôˣ
һ㣬ľǳ͸ʱҲǲɵü
漴һת֯һƣʼʥ
ڴ˵أɲͨһķѽ֮ߣΪʥѾƬشںһҪֽ⿪Ƹֲȡ
ˣ
תƽ֯ͬԾһƵûصס
ܣش֮ڱһ߽⡣
ͬʱƿԶ˳֣ͥǿߣϢҲʥ󣬽ʥ𼶱ǿ֣߳ϵ
ֻʥ𼶱ȴҲʲôС̫ʥ죬Ѫ֮׼£ûжܹסϵͥǿߣʥʥ𣬽̱Ĩɱ
ˣתۣһʱȥطǿ֣߳׼ǿ߸ϵС̫ĵ׻֮ǰҲͳһڵߺһԵնɱȫ
ѪˮطϱŽҽв
תڼƽش֮ƽ֯ࡣ
Ҫң

شƺܸӣ֮ǰЩɫһҪƿ鷳
תĸ죬ƽ֯࣬ƽĴơ
ͬʱҲʱطͻأмµѹٶ¡
һ֣ͥеķΣԽ֯ͨ켶Ϣ
Ϊ֮ݡ
ͬʱС̫Ͱ׻Ҳɫæˡ
ˣ
׻ɫһӱòÿ񣬿ɵסͨ켶ǿ߰
ͬһʱ䣬ϵطһͥǿ߶Ƕݣͻأֵ꣬æд
Щ콫⣬Ŀǵһʱϣâơ漴ȻȻҲС̫еľâŨ˼֡
̩ľǼ˵ʵңľϲеһ˿ڣһ˵ֻ壬ᣬȻط
֮ǰֻѾȻ٣ˣ̩ľޱȣһ˲˲Ŀ죬ƺҪ쿴͸ջ񣡡
˽ӵײµƬĴڣϵ󣬿ʥΪ֮ϲͬʱֻ塣
ȶԣֻļֵɱ̫ˣ޷ֻȡ
ᣬǶԣҲѹļֵңֵҲС
֣
еһ˵ͬʱˣʱͨ켶ʥС̫ץȥҪѹС̫ȡʥ
쵱һͨ켶ǿһѹҲס
ҲʱһϤͻأ𣺡ӴСӣû뵽Ȼ


2153 ǿԪ
ͻϤӰ졢С̫Ͱ׻ԡ
ӰߣһŽۣһŻۣʼһʹùһ˵ֱͥӱĺ˳ȥʥɱ⣬ȻҲڵһʱ䱻ȫɢת۱ȫɢ
ˣ
طһͥǿ߽Ƕݣһϵطͨ켶ǿڣȴȻ׾ͱ˸˳ȥ
ҲǶݣ󣬵ͻȻԼԵˣĿǸϣǲɵһϼһ㣡
ߣȻϻ죬û뵽ȻƬ˶Է
ѽ
С̫ۣЩȡ
׻Ҳǲ죬ʱطϻͻȻ֣ʵ⡣
˼ҡϻս죬˫û뵽ûСӾȻֻ壬ǰϹ˼ҵˡ˵ţ˴֣Цſ죺˵ҲˣôˣһֻرԴô
ֻ£ʱʹˣϻȻѾ֪
쿴ϼһŶԷʱĻûסֱ߳һš

ϼһﻹôȱ£ڽҪһ뱾Դãɴֱˡ
˵ţĿֲɵϻһֵĽϣϻλǣ
ҲİйЩԵ֡ϻԪʣǿָЩ
ϻĻ쵱ݣԪʣԪˣ
ǰ
£
õԪöζȹΣԪˣǲʧ
ԱߣС̫Ͱ׻Ҳǲ죬Ƕ֪ԪҲϻԪʣ˱ˡ
ö񡣡Ԫͬͨ˰㣬źº͵ЦСȡԪѣϷڻֻǲлͲʶϷ򵱸лСѡ
첻ɵúգʵõԪδﵽԷʲô
ҲʱԶͥסΣԭҪٴγϻԪʣȴǵɵһɫһԱˡ
ԪԪʣ꣬ԪǸ
̩ľڣʱɵЩ
һ̣ͨ켶ںûκԥͷӡ
һĻʹ첻ɵöݣˣɸͨ켶ǿߣϻԪʺ󣬾Ȼֱӱŵˡ
ѽ
С̫Щ졣
׻Ҳ΢ΪһĻݡ
ͥطһ콫ȻҲΪһĻ⣬һʱȻֱˣ
ߣƿתۼǿȥԶ˺ϡ
ȻҲʱԪ΢ɳ˲Ϣûڣһ˲ʹͨ켶ըͬҲһ飬
漴һ̣΢ԻһȦ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
طһ콫̱鿪һ˲Ϣ
˻
һĻ׻ɵõһ
ͨ켶һҲʥ콫ôһ˲ͱȫˣ
áǿ
ۡ
սЩˡ
ҲǾȣԪʣȻôǿ󣿣
漴ϻ죬ϻԪǺѣô˵ϻʵǺԪʲ£ϼһԭôǿɵͻǵۼҲֻսƽֶѣѵһֱʵԶ۷״̬
뵽ϼһ˵ĻԼ˯һСģٵһĴ磬ʱţڿѵģ
ϼһԪǰǾʲôˣ
ɵϻ졣
ϻԣûʴ⣬ָԪʣСӣ˼ҽϼһǰ˼
죺
Ҫҽǰǰ̬ôǰ
ɵ÷ۡ
˵ʵϼһȫûϼһвǰ
ͬС
׻һ˵
С̫СԴĵѽҲôΪ
ԱߣԪʿϻ죬Цŵ㽲ע󡣡
@#˼飡ϻĵۣ󣬶˶٣Ԫʣ˵Ÿվ۳ʥʲôҲȣֽ׶ܲ־ͲҪ֣һСɢˣʱֵúķһѹ򡣡
޷
ԪЦ
Աߣǲɵһ
ԪʣȻôһ״̬涼䲻ȣҲ˲ɱ
Щľλ۷״̬ʱжǿ


2154 ĵһŮ
ϻĻԪ֮ǰĳ֣ѲԾԪʵս̫ǿᡣ
˶٣Ⱦȣϻ죬ʵôͻȻ
ʱĳǿǲˣµĸ׵һŮ֮ػһʮߣǸ˲ɱͥĿ꣬񾭶Щǿ߸Щ׳ˣݵľ֮󣬺ܿǻָƽ
оϢ￴ϻǰⶫǺĺܣؼƶ꣬ﾹһꡣ˵ţ֣ǰնһ֦ɣһԵԪʵҩǵƻָĸһЩ
ԶݣȻϻ
СӣյȥƬĸЧס
ϻ
ԭôģʱϻô˵ɵЩɻǲҪ
ϻĻϼһֻΪȡһ֦ҩѡ
ϻҡͷҪûˡ
ʹ첻ɵһȻͥǵﶼдãǵȼĴۺ죬ϻȴǳƣãôǵʵҲǿͥĹ漶
ǿ
иô
õϻԪʣֲǷǳ˲õʵԴȡ
˶٣Щʲôʵˣ֪ڵһŮ𣿡
ĸ׵£ǳ⣬ϻԪʵݶǳ򵥣˿ܻ֪һЩ˽ЩĸһЩ£Ҫ֪ΪʲôԷ֮ػһ嵱ǿĴڣȴᱻ֮ػһ׷ɱ
⻰һϻԪʶǲɵöݡ
Ȼ֪һŮ
ϻЩԾ
żȻ֪˵ǿЩţ
δԼۼԷ£ӲûԿ¡
ϻɵĿ죬ǻЩʲôɵö£ǿĿţǿı̬˵ܹоŸ棬Ӧö֪˰ɣŸ棬һһǿУгŹʮ˼ҵĳһǿһս˸ն˶Է
ɶ˸նһǿߣ
׻ۣɵö¡
֪һŮղ󣬱һֱԱ߰ţʱϻĻļɵһ
ҲͫײɵýܹŸ棬ÿ涼Ǻˣһǿߣ붼Ҳ֪жôĿ£ǣ꣬ԿȻڰ˸նһǿߣʲô
֮ǰǾѾ֪Կǿ󣬿ʱ£ȴǲɵЩ𺳣ǵսЩˡ
Աߣ֪ͬԿǿС̫Ҳľ
׻ţ˿Һôֲ
ϻϻһµģҪ˼Ŀ죬ֱƨˡۣ˵Էʲô඼֪һֱʥţ˼ҵʵݴԳ˫Ӳ֮
˵ţЩмһˣʲô˫Ӳ֮˼Ƿӣ죬˵ˣж˫ܺСϱȣʥ˿ң˼ҿͲǳ޷ݣĿʾˣ
죺
ϻ죬ſڣ˵Ǿµòһģһȷʵ˫
ջûô˵˻ȥ
񲢲뽫Կĸ׵±¶ʹϻĽǶȥǣʱԿĸŮһģһǵøոյǵȻϻѿٲȻֱӴˣϼһԼղǶôĴȡ
Ҫϼһֱӱ̡
ѽ
С̫СУô۾ϻ졣
ϻ쿴С̫ɶ飿ô˵˼Һܴ
ûˡ
æϣϻֱǿ
ѽˡ
С̫ŵ
ϻЩɵĿС̫ûм⣬˶٣ŵ꣬ԷεԶŵ̵ͦģһʱ˵Էһ࣬һͨˣĳָı䣬ɴ˺ԼȺ˶棬˵Ǳһȫɱˡ
ʲô
⻰쵱ݡ
Կ֮ػһ嵱ĵһǿߣ갮ϵģһͨˣ
ô˵µĸףһͨˣ
ԱߣС̫ҲǵԲۣ⻰סˡ
ͨˣٵİͷ׻һԿڣһĲţôһֲĴڣܱһͨ˲ģ


2155 ʱֻľ
ϻĻǰ׻ţҲһľɡ
֮ǰԿϤµĸʱԿϵһǸޱΰĳڣȴ룬ϻȴǳƣǸ˾ȻǷˡ
ѽ
С̫Ҳǵۡ
ٲˣ˼żȻһļϲĶԻ͵ġ
ϻ
ôܣ˸ɱǿߵˣᰮһˣ̫ˣ
׻ǲš
ϻƲ죺˵⣬˭ף
˶٣׷ʵǣǸأ
⵹ǲȻһŮɱˣǸˣҲࡣңǵ¾Ѿȥ̫ˣ˵ʱûͬһŮ㱻ɱҲѾ»ˣϾͨ˵ԪҲͰҡ
ϻ
ԣЩĬ
Կ֮ػһɱֻʣһʶһʶźصȱݣ޸ǸΪͨˣҲˡ
ǿµĸĸ֪£ǰ֣ܲ
ôСӣ˸иʲô
ϻ죬ɵʵ
ûʲô
ҡͷ
΢΢˸ָܿƽ
漴ٴζ֣תܿ콫ڳ
ÿһƬҶӺ֦ɶ֯ӣֱӽ֮ڡ
֮Ҹȫĵطϻǻ£עⰲȫⳡضر֤Լ
Ҫߣ׻קϻ죺һ𰡣
ֵУϻԪʵʵԷǳǿᣬȾ£ãϻԪҪȫܶࡣ
ϻһ۾Ϳʲô˼ңǣҪһжΣ
ǶǸΣա
ԪҲڡ
׻ɵõۣˣж
ϻЩʱ򻰲ţԪһǸˣȻԪʶ˵˻ǳΣգȻỳɡ
ûпڣʱϻԪʵĻȴЩ죬˵ҪȥʲôоȥٲȻǼΪѰ
ˣˣǾ仰עⰲȫƬһƨˡ
ϻ
Сѣء
ԪҲڣ򵥵ĺ˾䣬ϻֱ뿪תۼʧ
طѪζŨϻԪ뿪һ°
쿴ϻԪ뿪ʱЩ΢¸ĸ¡
Сӣôˣôֵֹģ
׻ɵʵ
عҡҡͷ
Կ갮ϵǸ˻ѾˣԿԿ϶û䣬ʶڣĻᣬŶԷһϻع·
ߣ
һкС̫Ͱ׻뿪ط
漴úҵһƬߵķ磬ƬѰһɽȡ
ɽȺ֯
С̫Ͱ׻طʥ𼶵ΪɽΧӡ¾ʮԸϢȡ
ʥһⷽԭǳߵɽȣ̼䱻һʥԣʹط·һʥء
ʥﰡʥ
׻˫۷Ź⣬ֱĿ
ⶫͥǵȴڿɶǳر
ңⲢһԵƷԳã

쿪ڣֻô֡
ֵΪⳡлҪϱǿ
һ㣬֮һδӦþֵˣ棬ѶƬ棬ԲܱٵΪˣҪǿҪڽоսֹͥҪ˺ѡ

׻ͷģĺ˫ϥĿС
С̫Ưһ֦ϣҲʼĿС
ûԥ£ϥĿֻľʼת
ˣ
ֻľתľɫʥԽ֯󣬽ǿʢ
֮ǣ˵һЩƽռ伫ͨࡣ
ʱϥ£оԼ˲Ϣǿⲻϣȵ޾ʱĸоҪǿʢǿ̫̫ࡣ
ֻһɲǶѣϥֻľȱݣԺֱӱһʶ󣬸ƵķҲתۼ
£ûԥֱӿʼֻľԸƣȱݵλü
ˣתۼ䣬һ¹ȥ
ˣ
һºһ죬ľɫʥԱºң
ޱȴľɫʥһطռΪ֮΢Σʹð׻С̫Բɵôбѡ
ʥԣɫСӣ⡭
׻ɴۣ֮ǰûмɢɫʥԣʱһʱĿľݣǵһμɫʥ⡣
ԱߣС̫Ȼһ֪촴ֻľ£ʱɢľɫʥ⣬ɻǾȣΪԸоʱľɫʥ֮ǰľɫʥⴿ˺ܶ࣬ƺһʱ䡣


2156 ֻն
ľɫʥ⣬ʱ˫ۣоâ
ã
̲סôһ֡
һµʱ䣬¸ϸֻľڳƣʹⲿžûаȱݡ
Ƚ˵ǷǳˣϾʷϣһǿ߿ԼĹž󣬶úķٰ֮ܽĥãڴֻľ󣬽̶һ±ˡ
ڣֻľת֯ľɫʥԣһǰ̫ˣȻͨҲܹо
ȻȻתֻľľܵԳֵչ֣ʥмӵøӵǿ
Сӣ⵽ǣ
׻˫۵ɵıֱ
֪ɫҲֻǲɫѣ쾹Ȼɢ˾ɫʥ⣬ʵЩˣǵãǰʥɫǽɫġ
ԼĹžֻľ
û
⻰һ׻ʱֶݣ㡭ɹˣ
ںʱ㿪ʼڴʱԱߣʱĻ˲ǲµ촴ɹˣԼĹž

ͷ
õ϶Ļش𣬰׻𺳡
ȻĴɹˣңžʥɫ򣬼ֱǡ
Ϊ촴ɹٴΪ촴ĹžǷĹžת󣬾Ȼܽ֯ɫʥ⣬ԿԳƵʷϵһˣ
ûʲô
򵥵
һʱ䣬ֻľƣʱ׼ʼԼ
֮ǰֻľʱͥһǿһսһЩ뷨ʱֻľƣ׼ٽԼɱʥ
̫ȻҲԼ̫ǷԵʥڹ沢ɫ
ңֻ̫ľ֮ǰֻľϲǺ֮󻹵ö̫Ըƣʹڷʥֻܹľϡ
£ϥԣٴα˫ۣսľԼݻɱš
ˣ
ûʲô⣬ɫʥ˿˿ƵԾʥͺ嫵ĸо
׻һߵۿ죬ɻΪֻľԾֱȥʮǽƽС̫һһν뵽ԼС
ÿһƬҶӺÿһ֦ɶǽ֯ӣɢ˿˿ʥԡ
ϥ£ΪĹϵ򱶵ӣⲻϡ

ⷽɽڣ紵˿˿ɳ
תۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬£ɫʥƣ֮ǰϢԵøӺ嫡
һֻͺӥߵɽϿշɹ˫Ϭټ
ͻأ䣬ͺӥֱӲ׹£ɽ֮У鴤˼±û˶
Ҳʱ£˫ۣеľɫ⻪һû
ɹˡ

һµʱһʥ𶯣ֻľκζɷιңרꡣ
κԶǷǳҪĴڣԴһҪ飬ֱӱκĵر鵤ҩܾȵĻ
ţͺӥͻȻ׹䣬ֱӻڵꡣ
ȹţֻĳԼΪԶǿĴڲܸӦ
ңȹǳҲǳ⣬ͬڵĳȻΪӦȹȴҲ֮ܽһķˣֻЩΪԶǿˣڸӦ֮Դ֮顣
ֻն
Ϊ´һ֡
ԼֻľȫϣʩչӶֱ۰˳
Ҳʱ׻С̫ۣ˹
٣úúã
׻ЩȻ˷ǳ׵ĳɾ͡
ѽ
С̫ģ۾ʾҲջС
кܴĽ
쿴ǵ
׻Ȼ£ûдǾ̫ˡ
ѽ
С̫ӶСצӣٲȻڸͰ׻Ļ
첻ɵһЦվ
µʱ䣬ǵΪûб仯ʵȴ˼
֣ڣкС̫Ͱ׻ȥ
ȥͥˣµĳɾ͡
˵
ԣȴҲһֱС
ºǶ˲׵ȡ˲׵ĳɾͣȳɾͣʱȻ˼һ¡


2157 
뿪ɽȣŰ׻С̫úһƬĴڡ
Ƭ磬ͬС
ƬУС̫Ͱ׻ֱƬĴ
ۿȥǰһ޴ĹʣٲȻǸմ𲻾ãвٵ콫š
طûԥûʲôС̫Ͱ׻ֱǰ
࣡
طϵһ콫ʱ¶ɫгìһʱԶ׼
ͬʱطĹڣʮӰ˳켶ǿߣŸ׼ǿߣмһ⣬ʮȥǳԣǿ
͵ƿʮòʣǵһ㣬һϮ£׼Σ󣬵òежĿľâֻ壡
ʲô
ǡֻ壿
ʮ껰һطһͥǿ߸ɫ
ȻϳΪ֮ػһ壬ŶԷĻһĨ΢⡣
ȥһڣݵǲ͡
˵
ֻľ󣬱ԴֻľǳϣʹԴȻȻһͬǱĤһ㣬һˣҲ⿴Ϊֻ塣֮ǰֻľƣʹøڱԴϵıǿûͨ켶ΪԲܿʣ׼ʮֱ꣬ӵʡ
԰ٷ֮ٵĿ϶ԶԷ׼ΪܿԼΪֻ壬һǴ֮ػһЩϱǿ֪˹£ԲܵΪֻ塣ܹһϱֻ֪£ǿԲµһݣض͡
ʮߣ벻һֱ͵ȡռƿСֻ壬Ǻ⡣˵ţ죺ȻҲǾϲѹ㣬һ󹦣ڵĳǣǳĸˡ
˵ţ⣬ȥ
쿴δ⡣
ͬʱҲӶԷĻеϤһ㣬ǰһʱС̫ǰ߹ʮƬ磬ʮڵͥռƿȫߣµѾͥע⣬ʹͥжǿһЩʮ˶
ѽ
С̫ۣȻҲ뵽¡
Ǻ͵ǸʮʥʹһˣǸ֮ػһ壿
׻ʮ꣬Ŀ΢Ѿ֪֮ػһ¡
ʱ򣬿ʮܸ꣬оԷϢж£ˡ
ʮһ죬ʼպܵĮ·ֻһֻϰ㡣
ˣҵѹΣĪ˴֡
켶ǿ߿ڵųǰȥ
£ʮ켶ǿߣ̬ڵĺܸߣĿһֱϣȻǱ΢࣬ȴҲֻ壬ѹ֡
ӴС˶ӣǷ飡
׻⻰ɵܲˬ
ʱʮĻȥϿ죬ʵȴȻǵгŸ߰ţԼĽ
ʮ˰׻Ļֱһ˦˹ȥĶ
¡һ䶯֣ϵĿռ䵱Ƭرɵ
Ҳʱ춯֣ͬһӭϡ
飡
ת۶ѣĴֺʮĴײһֱӽԷ𿪡
Сһ˺һЩ
԰׻ʮ꣬ǰһ
ʮѹ׻Ĵֱ𿪣Ŀϡ
Ǵ˵еǿʣʥ𼶶ѣ̣Ҳˣ
˵ĮһĨľâһû
Ϊ֮ػһ嵱ǰһǰǿ׼Σ޾ĵر֮׼ǿҲڶһУ쾹Ȼ̧־ͽ׻һơ
˵⻰Ĳ䣬ڳȥ
һҲŶԷһĨ΢⻮ϴеʢƿƺǲ١
ǳǿᣬʱ򣬸Ӧ˶Էŷǳ˵ǵȲԲڶԷԼ²⣬ΪԷռƿϣңЩƿڵ١
ӵͦⶼᵽʮĹ⻪ŨʲôǴŶĳ裬ǹȥᵽûκ壬Ľᡭ
ȥһĮʮͻأҽУһǺɿȥһײԶʮľͬ㣬ڵϲסĳ鴤


2158 ֻն֮
ˣ
һ콫ɫʮ꾹ͻȻҽк˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬׻С̫Ҳݡ
ղţСʲô
׻ۣС̫Ѿ˳˺ԶʮҽкɣȻ֪йءǣղţȴʲôҲûпһȡ
䣡
ʥܳԶʮվɫò԰˲١
ʲô
ŭĶ죬˫Ѫ˿
ڸղţ˵ŻʱͻȻһӿĴӿڣֱײϣʹ㵱ʹȥ
ƽţȻǼֻնɫɱֱӳԷڣݺݻжԷʶе塣
ŶԷû˵ʲôֱӶˣһٶȺܿ죬ת۳ڶԷǰʥصΪӶȭ¡
ˣ
һ죬մ𶯣һѺۣһʥı˰㡣
ȭƣʹطһ콫𺳡
ʥ𾳽磬Ȼܻӳһȭ⡭
һͫ΢
ȻǶǳ˽İ׻С̫ʱһȭҲΪ֮ļ¡
䡭̬
׻ֻۣã죬׾ڹƶܳˡ
ʮдźɫһȭЩݣȶȴҲֻһ˲ѣһ̣ȭֱӭȥ
˵ȭͷתײһ𣬱Ϣ
ϧͣûκã
˺ʥӿʮһ𣬵ɫĻ籩ʼ
쿴ŶԷ򵥵ײ֮£ʱо˶ԷĲףʵǳǿ󣬱ս׼Ҫǿ౶
ȴ⣬ȭͷԷײЦֻնٴμɫɱϢıƽֱӴԷڣԷꡣ

ʮ굱ҽгĻ籩˲ɢͬ˰ɳȥԶײʮľ
⡭ô£Сӵʲô
׻ֵۡ
ʲôҲûʮȴǰҽкɣ·ĳޱȲ̵Ŀ̰㣬һĻʵЩ졣
εɱƺ֮ʥĽϣרɱ꣡һ켶ǿ߿ڣμʩչֻնʱ򿴳һЩߣͫײɵһѧģ˭ģ
ʥݻɱֻ꣬δ

Զʮ귢ŭվǱ鲼ʺѪ˿
ϣس棡
죬ŭӣɱӿ
֮ػһһһǿ֮һ׾ȴȻһʥ𼶵λˣŭɶоܵ˼衣
ɱ
һʥܷӿֱӳ졣
Ȼ䣬ⷽղס𶯣Ƭı顣
лһĨâʱ򣬶ԷϢоѹǿ
Ȼоѹıȴû˿仯ֱӭȥ
ﬣ
ֻľתɫʥƶ֮콣ն콣⡣
콣⣬־ɫÿһâһС
ǣ
һ콫붯ݣȻǼ켶ĴҲ⡣
ɫʥ⻹ǵһμֻƺǰһа㡣
ʮҲͫһľɫʥһ̣Ŀ±ɭ׼İʥӿԴ֮ػһͨϼ
¡¡
طΪ֮ƺһ̾Ҫ̮
ʥ𼶵ΪѪ׼ʮ꣬Ȼѹܴ󣬵ȴ˿޾壬̫壬콣ϵն
ײǿǿԾطռ䲻סı飬治ס̮
סλˣ
⡭ôܣ
Ǵ˵ǿʵʱʥ𼶱Ϊܣܡ
һ콫𾪡
ʮ֮꣬ػһѪȻײΣʥ𼶱ֻ죬ȴȻûռݵ˿Ϸơ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ײϢ
ϣ򣡡
ʮͺʮһ޴ʥӰԻͨ쳹أʮֱۣÿһֱֻ۶һڹʵߣƺƵĳȥ
ʣһڿֲɱ
н֯âη壬ӡһݻ֮ӭϡ
ͬʱһֻնٴμεɱֱƶԷȥ
ʮĿĺ⣬ھֱӿƬʥԣʥܷĻרɱʹ֮ΪһɸӦܶС
ҽд̶ʮٴκɣľ޴ʥӰֱӱ顣
֮ѹϣֱӽ֮û
ۣ
ѪˮŽա


2159 ջ
ѪˮĽʮֱըӡ飬Ŀġ
ˣ
һ콫ٴαɫ
Ŷãһ׼ڣʥ𼶵ο
ղţ˷ĻȴȴȻȫûܵס
ǿ־ɡ
࣡
Ѫ䶯ʮ겻࣬תۼ۳
Ķ
죬ŭ㣬֮ػһһǿ׼ȴȻʥ𼶵һһεĻˡ
ŭʮ𶯣ʥ㷭ɱ֮ǰӿˣһĳȥͨһһ
Ƭմưܣٶȸϲϱƻٶȡ
ɢƣ֮ǰǿ
ӭˣʱо˱֮ǰӴѹȴ޼ɵ
ﬣ
ֻľת̫壬콣ɨľɫ⡣
ͬʱٴμֻնεɱֱƶԷ꣬ݺݻС

ʮٴβҽгٴκɡ
ֱƶϣ콣Ӷͬʱֻնһһμ
Ҫı֤ΪֶΡ

ʮҽвϣһһκɣܹӦɱȴ޷֮ķĻȫûã·ǰһ㡣
ˣӼɱ⣬ͨʽѵסֻԴҵɣ
켶ǿ߳ǰȥ
ʮ꺮ȵαֻնˣ˫ĿѾǲѪ˿Ķ죺ʥ𼶵϶ұһѹ
ǿʥʮɽӺХݻ籩ѹȥ
ҹ

֮ػһĳԱһǿ֮һ׼һʥ𼶵࣬˳Ǿ͵ͷˡ
֮ػһ׼ǿߣôһʥ𼶵䣿
¡
籩⣬һʱѣưܣǵȳȥˡ
С˸ӣϢ
Զ׻ɵö£ϢҲ֪ͨǿ˶ٱ
սȻҲǸӦĵȻ籩жǿѹӴˡ
ıȴɲ䣬ֻضתս˲ʮӡ
䣡
⣬ɫʥԵޱ貣ݻһɫŶԷӭϡ
籩;ɫתײһ𣬺¡¡졣
󣬻籩ʼŵʥɫײĹУʼԷӳǿܣʼһɢ
ܣ
ʮɫͱ䣬ĺɱ֮һ񣬾һʥˡ
н֯âʮսӣֻնٴμɫɱ˲ԷڣֱӺڶԷ֮ϡ

ʮҽУɫһӱѩףɣʶڴ˿̶ģˡ
Ҳʱ˲ڶԷǰɫʥӿӡһ𽫶Էֽ֣֯ɫʥԣֱӹԷڣץһűâ
âһ͸ޣԿʢٶƿű޶ܸоӿȵ
ܺã
н֯â
ٶڵƿŨЩˣĵ֮ЩƿڵС̫Ͱ׻ܽΪһء
һڳջ
ʮʶʱָŴڽǰ죬ԼץٶƿӾŭеѪ˿һӱøˡ

ŭֳץȥ
ٶƿÿһƿڣռһڵֵǳĴҪͻڵģȥ
ЦֻնٴμɫɱһκڶԷϡ

ʮ굱ҽУڶʮӵֻն֮£ܣʹֳһѺۡ
漴û飬ֻ֣նϴ߶ɫĺɱϺԷ壬ɱֻ֮ض֮£ʮӣԷϢĻᡣ
ң֮콣ֻͼȴһǶʮӣƺƵһѹطĲ񷶼Ϊ֮ɫ

һĲҽдѪˮʮ걻һ飬
ʱط˲١
⡭ôǿһף֮ػһѪôɵˣ
Զ׻ۡ
Ȼ֮ǰҲնɱףЩ׺ʮȴȫܱȣȻɽ˸նˡ
ͬʱطһ콫ɫұ䣬֮ػһʮǿߣǰ˸ɱˡ

켶ǿŭ켶ʥ𶯣ֱӶˣһĳɱȥ


2160 
ھŭ˼㣬ʮɱǰɱĴˣΪԷɲ֮ͨػһԱ֮ػһһһİǿ֮һһǰɱǾѲ˸ϵ֮ٷǳµĳͷΪǶԷеĻ

¡¡ģ켶һˣ켶ʥܽȫס
Ϣ·ǳ񷶼Ϊ֮ŤҲűѣһ̮
ˣ֮ڶʮͨ켶һʱ両ֶԿرԴ߶ͨ켶ѹͬŭһ㷭ֱӽ̵Ŀռն
ߡ
к׻С̫ʮͨ켶նɱ⣬켶ڣ󣬴С̫׻ֱӺˡ
Ϊ߶ʮͨ켶ʱԵ켶ڵĹҪնɱȼĴڣȴҲȻܣˣʱõѡ
ʮͨ켶ɱǿˣ켶ڵһʱ䶼Ǳɫ
ͨ켶һЩͨͨ켶ǿ߶ûУʥ𼶵ȴȻô࣡
ͬʱ˲˿⣬ȫ֣ͨʥӭϡ
¡
طռ𶯣Ĳһһĳɢϯ
󣬹ܿɢȥطָ
ǰһ˵Ӱȫʧˣʮͨ켶Ҳһʧ

ңһҪҳ
ھŭ

Ƭ磬һɽ䣬ľֲܶ࣬еԵúŨ
ʱƬɽ䣬һŻ֣С̫Ͱ׻п
֮ǰʮͨ켶켶ڣֱӼ˿ռ䴫̨Ϊ˴׼ԱֶΣǴ̨ط
뿪Ƭ硣
ط鿪ϣŰ׻С̫뿪Ƭ硣
úѰһƬߵķ磬УѰһĴϿȡ
Ͽڣܳʪŵ
ӡķƣ󽫶ٶƿȡ˳
һʱ䣬طһӾͱ˵ˡ
ñ׻˫۷Ź⣺֮ǰᵽģǸͥռƿ
ԡ
ͷ
ٶƿƽ£С̫Ͱ׻ÿһٶƿ

ô
ʱʵҲҪ˵ʲô׻һһʱϿһλãתԼĹžʼЩƿڵ
С̫ĵҲߵһߣƿڵ
ʱСһͰ׻⣬âԻԼٶȿʼ
˶٣Ҳûԥԭϥ£ֻľתһٶƿ÷ԼϣȡԼڣɡ
ʼȡ֣ЩƿڵҪ֮ǰȡƿڵҪŨϺܶ࣬ͬĺ㡣
һ

Ȳ²⣬֮ǰʵѾ˳ʱӿ϶һ㡣
΢΢һٶ룬ֻľתĸЩЩʹľɫʥԽø貣Ϊڷɿ
ƬϿȣԭԵЩ谵ΪľɫʥԵĹϵ谵Ͽһʱȫÿһ䶼Ǳù
ˣʱɿţתۣµʱȥ
ºһ죬Ƭڣһը졣
Ͽϣ񷽥Ϣǵض¡
Ϣʹûİ׻С̫ǲɵһͣŲϿȥ
ǣ
׻ۣæƫͷһԵ졣
׾ˣ
ۡ
ʱо׼Ϣѹڽ֯ˡ
ѽ
С̫Ҳǵۡ
Ҳʱе˫ۣУɫʥһû
漴һ̣ϵĹ֮ɢϢ̼ʧ
ס

ʱ䣬һٶƿʣûʱﵽײΡ
ﵽײΣ׼췣һʱ併٣ͬǰ㣬ʱԴײ˳ʹøֶ׼췣Ҳת֮ɢȥ
һԵİ׻С̫ºƿڵС̫Ϊﵽʥ죬׻Ϊﵽʥ죬߸Զжʮƿڵûʱһ˲˲Ķ
ʣƿ׻Ϊ׻ΪС̫ҪһЩ
Ǽ꣬ٶɽ١
˵


2161 ɱ
ãҲûˣ༸꣡
Ļ׻ͷС̫ʣµƿڵ
һߣˣתһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬С̫Ͱ׻ƿڵϢǿ˼࣬С̫Ϊﵽʥ죬׻Ϊﵽʥء
úúã
ͣ׻һ˷ܣֱӵá
ĸµʱ䣬ʥﵽʥ죬١
ңḶ́ôļ˳
ѽ
С̫ĳ
ɫʥӴˣǳǿʢŵĻɽ㡣
ãСһȫ֣һʿԵס̫á
׻ѪûСһǰǿսҲǺܲף֮£һ˵ԲǶ֡
ˣԶһЩҿʼɽˡ
˵
СһͰ׻ƿڵ׼ɹ׼췣̤׾طһƬĻ磬ɽ٣úʡ
С̫Ͱ׻ͷ˳Զ
ûйԥţʱ̤׾硣
ʱ䣬˵һڵеһʱ両֣ѪɫһһϢѹ¡
Ϣǡ
Զ׻¡
ӭʱϵ׷оһͨ۷ˣҲ˲㱻
ѽ
С̫ӣȻҲǸо׷Ŀ£ǿ
Ҳʱ˵һǰ𶯣һ׷ֱѹ
һֱˮͰֵ֯Ѫɫ绡ٶȷǳ죬תۼǰ
ӭһ׷ֻľתӶȭֱӭȥ

һ죬һ׷Ƿ顣
ֻľıԴϣѾĥӭ׷ĵһף㲻תֻضȣҲ׾ٵĻһ׷

Ųƽͬʱһɵȡһ׷
ϣɫ𶯣ѪɫøӵĿ񱩣ϢŨ
漴ڶ׷ֱѹ䡣
޾壬ֱӭϣ֮顣
漴ֵ֡֡֡֡׷
һ߶ɽ٣һ׷ɵֻضתȻڶɽٵչݺ췣֮ڡ
䣡

תۼ䣬ʱȥ콫һ׷ϵжʱɢ谵±ù߲ɫ۶
߲ƶ߲ʥ£
Ȼ֪ʥֻܲľתȡ߲ʹԣ̵ǰ硣
ˣ
⣬߲ɫʥ;ɫʥһƣΪ֮һε
ܿ죬ʮȥ߲ƶΪ֮ɢ߲ʥ֮һʧ
⣬ɫʥƣޱȵ
ף
н֯âʱǸǿˣȻȻдԽ֯ңڵʥӻ񣬷·ǹһʡ
ܺã
̤ײΣо˺ʥεĲͬǵȸоͬǵվͨɾǰ㣬һִɱ䣬ֻض˺ܶࡣ
ವƿ׻С̫ʱ˹ȥ
׼ֻ尡ǲˣүоţڵϢ켶ǿ߶ˣ
׻ʱûϢһŴħ㣬
ѽܿ£
С̫۵ȻҲǲʱĲϢǳˡ
дŵʥԣ˶٣һ֣Զɵ۸˻
췣ɵϵƸˣȻȻɢһѹ·ľۺһ㣬ֻǿž͸һѹһеĸо
ɵоɵǿͷǷȻǷǳ⡣
ıԴ
˶٣ɵڡ
ߣ뿪

׻ͷȥʲô˵ţ¶âצӵȥǵƿɣûүСһҲϽ̤뵽ײΣɱ䣡
ͷʵҲôġ
Щƿپ٣ʱҪⳡлص棬һ޾ƿȥá
к׻С̧̫˺ѿϣ׼뿪Ƭ硣
Ҳʱ򣬿һϳһѷ죬мӰ˳ȥ
ղǵȲѰٲǴƬ紫ô£ٵϢλǰǿ
һ˵


2162 
ƬоˣͥеսǴ׾ΣȻȻɢľǳǿᣬ·ǾſŵĻ
һ͸Ͻ뿪ȥǸ£кܶĴҪ𡣡
żЩ磬ݻپˣǵʱ仹ܳղŴƬɢǵ׷ʵ̫ˣҲ˰ɣ̫Ѱǳ죬ò˵ʲô׵ջ񡣡
Ÿ׾ƬʱͻأоƬڴ׷ϢޱȾˣͨɼӦеܣǿƬ硣
˵죬һǰͻȻֵǸˣǲǹ죬壬ȴֻ֮ػһĴԴϢҾ˵ܾˣֱ벻ͨ
һ˵
סڣҪ˵ڰǰѾһΪ˽ɣҪ̸
һ˵ͺȡ
֮ǰڵ˶ʱ΢˵ͷ
ˣǲղŵ׷Ϣ£˵£Ī̸ۣǵ¾ͺá
һ˿ڡ
촦ƬرȻע⵽ˣͬʱҲ˾˵Ļԭ׼뿪Ƭʱͣ
壬ȴ֮ػһĴԴ
üͷ΢
ԱߣС̫Ͱ׻ȻҲ˾˵ĻԴҲǲɵЩ档
ǣ˳һѣ
׻ô
֮ػһ£ȷʵͦ⣬ϾһǷǳĿֲ
ͷȻҲ㡣
£Ű׻С̫򵥵ĿһɲǼھǰ
ͥŸ붯ݣǶһףѾ߳˺ԶʵǿȴûܲǴðġ
ʲôˣ
һ˺ȵ
û˵ʲôˣֻնɱӿ

ҽа˾ֱû˶һͷˤ¡
ĺȴȻû˿
⡭׻ۣ֮ǰ˵´˸ףȻôһ˲ͱ
֮ǰѾСֻ̫ն£ʱһĻȻ֪ʹֻնɵΪһĻо㤡Ͼǿǰ˸װҲһף񣬾Ȼһ͸Ĩɱˡ
ܿƽһ룬һĻʵҲϾֻնͺֲܿң񻹿ײΣ׼Ϊ߶˲ɱȻѡ
ͬʱʱ򣬾Ÿͥ׻ʣµһ˱ɫ̲סŵŵɺˣ㣬㡭
ͬսİˣȻһ˲ͱĨɱˣȻûκ˶֣ͨ׻ĻͶȴ˲Ϣжϳ콫ǰ˸Ĩɱġ
㡭
һֱ̣Ӷߣ˺Żпȥ
ûп壬ͬսİ˸׾ͱĨɱˣ˵ж£ԼԵסʱֻܲпܴ
쿴ͥףʥһֱӽԷŻ飬ӡɳԷʹöԷһָ
˾֣㡭ʲôңͥˣ㣬㲻Ҫҡ
飡
ֱ̧֣һȭ˵ĸԷĻϡ
Ĩɱǰ˸ףûնɱҪӶԷʶѰԷ֮ǰᵽġΪ壬ȴͬʱ֮ػһĴԴǸ˵¡
ʱӡˣֱӼԴû˵ʶС
漴һʮȥɫʱͱ䡣
ɺ𣿣
ƤӾ
˵ʶУѰ˹ڶԷ֮ǰᵽġǸˡ¡
ˣһǰͻأ֣Ϊ壬ȴȻȻɢ֮ػһбԴϢҶ֮ػһƺĳִޣ׷Ѱ֮ػһ壬ǰɱ˲֮ػһǿߣǳһһʮڡ
Ǹʮȴǲ㱻ɱޱǱĶߡ
ңˣ壡
ѵǡ
඼ɵһ顣
Աߣ׻С̫Ȼ׻ʵСӣ鵽ʲôôˣ
ѽ
С̫ҲǺ档
춯˶촽ڶԷʶѵĹǸ˵¼򵥵ĵ
£Ϊ壬ȴ֮ػһıԴ壬ҾȻôֲ֮ػһʮڣȻ㱻ɱ
׻ۣˣѾ֪֮ػһ壬Ҳ֪һʵ֣ʱһʮڲ㱻ɱоЩļ¡
ԱߣС̫ǵɴۡ
ѽСһľȺͰ׻ͬǺһʱ򣬴۾ǾɫǣǸˡ


2163 µĸף
סˣѰĹǸ˵£ɵ뵽ºԿ
ǣ꣬ԿϵǸˣ
ȴޱȴ֮ػһıԴϢ壬Ƭ׷Ѱ֮ػһ壬Ѿɱһˣܲɣ
Ҫ֪Բ֮ػһıԴϢֻ֮ػһǿнԼıԴǨƹȥһ֣£һĳԱһ˭
ʱͻȻһ룬Կڱ׷ɱʱΪ˱ǸˣѾе£ԼһֱԴָ˶Է󽫶ԷԼߡ
ڵΪԿĹϵ·ԷԵһֱ׷Ѱ֮ػһ壬ѰԿϧ֮ػһ弫ںδҲܹ֪ͨԷһֱδѰֱ֮ػһ٣ⳡ𣬱˵֪Ƭ档
ӡ֤ԽͶԷΪΪȴ֮ػһıԴϢڻɱ֮ػһˣΪԿڱ֮ػһ׷ɱ
ңˣֻ壬µһʾ壬̫ˣ
µġף
С̫ɴ˫ۣ˺һ뷨
⻰һԱߣ׻ɵһ㶣ɶ¹ĸףôͽ˺¹һȥˣȻԷ壬¹һҲ壬ôһЩƵ㣬ɽΪһô£Ҳ̫ǣǿ˰ɣû
ѽǣԭ򣡡
С̫
ʲôԭ򣿡
׻ɻ
С̫ƫͷ졣
˶٣ûҺСһµĸˡ
֮ǰԿ£򵥺Ͱ׻
ʲô׻һ£Ӳûɳ¹ĸףȻǡĵһŮ֮ػһǿߣ
һ𺳣ˣΪ֮ǰǰ׷ϻڵһŮ£ԭء
⣬ֱ
һʱ伸ˡ
н֯âֻնתֱӽһͥնƬ֮⡣
ȥȥԿ
˵
ԼĲ²ӦģȴϾֻǲ²ѣҪȥ֤
ϵ£ܲ⡣
ңҪѰԿԷֻһʶǳȶƺ˲û֪ԷޱǿȴǵĶԷ⡣
ѾȷµĸףöԷţ
ߣ׻ͷ¹£С̫һȻҲǷǳ⡣˶٣üҪȥѰң
̫ˣҪһƬѰҳһɺͷ˴࣬û£ҪѰʵ̫ˡ
һЩ֮ǰǸ׵ʶУѳǸǰЩӸճֵĴ꣬ȥƬ磬ԼѰҡУҲԴ֮ػһ֣һһⳡӦû֪ٵϢ
кС̫Ͱ׻ֱ뿪Ƭ硣֮Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬Ű׻С̫ǸǰЩӸճֵƬڡ
һƬϲٵĴ磬ȴȲ磬ƬĴѹһ۷弶ͥףѰ£֪ǸѾƬڡ
ƬĴռƿȡߣС̫Ͱ׻뿪Ƭ磬̤򸽽硣
ˣʱɿţתһ¹ȥ
һµʱǰ߹ʮƬ磬һ죬⸽һƬһ֮ػһǿߣʮоŸ켶ǿ߻֮ǰնɱǸʮǿࡣ
˵֮ǰǸʮ꣬ʮ꣬޷ȣʮɢľ̫ǿˣ֮ǰǸʮֹ߳һ֮
ֻ壡
ʮֱϳ죬Ŀ⣬Ϊ֮ȡ
£ʮ֮꣬ǰʮһѾǴڵĸ߲֪֪òʱ죬һ۾˳
ֻ壿ǡֻ壿
󣬾Ÿ켶ǿ߽Ƕݡ
ǿʣʮ꿪ڵֻΪһͨ׼ʿ
ֻ壬Ƿǳش
Ҫ֣ѹ
ʮĮֱӳȥ
һطΪ֮Ť׼ѹɢǿЩˡ
ѹֻײΣ
׻̲סļ£ֻԶԶĸоŶԷѹһֽҪϢĸо֮ǰЩ׼ǿߣɴδĸо
С̫Ҳǵۣʮʱɢѹסˡ
ıû˿仯ܸоԷǿ󣬻ɱͨ۷׹̧־ȴһҲ⣬ӭϡ
˱֮ǰʮǿҲһһǿ֮һӦ÷ǳҪѹ¶ԷԶԷʶѰǸ˺Կټ
ﬣ
һ콣ʩչƬľɫâԻ罣ѹ¡


2164 ԿϢ
ɫǳ֮ձնһŤ
ǣ
Ÿ켶ǿͬʱ䶯ݣһΪնĽâ̫ǿᣬ׼ʿܹնǣ콻֯ʥɫȻǾɫ
ɫʥǻǵһμ
ʮҲһЩǴ˵еʣȷʵܲһ
˵ţ֣ܼͬĽâ֯ӭϡ
һʱ䣬ߵĽײط֯һһϢ
ɣĿ糣΢䣬ֻնɫɱ˲ֱԷڣݺݻڶԷϡ

ʿҪʮ굱ǷҽУŵŵɺˡ
Ҳʱֱӿ˹ȥӡֱӽԷѹ
ǿֻ壬ʮȻܲںͬ£ҪѹԷ練ơ
ˣ
ſ
Ÿ켶ǿͬʱɫŭǵһʱ䳯˹ȥ
ʮʱĻԷǳʲô£ǶӴ
ɨŸ켶ǿߣֻնֱӳž˺ȥ
ͬʱʩչرͨ켶ͨ켶ѹһʱɢʮռ̣ƺƵĳųľŸ켶ǿնȥ
ŸǿֱӱֻնУɫһӲ԰˲١
󣬾ͨ켶ѹʹþ˽¶㤣ȫͨӭϡ
Ȼûκ׾Σֻضʮս³ͨ켶켶ʿ͵ס
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽʮ󣬾Ÿ켶ǿȫն
ʮ걻ѹžŸǿͱȫնɫҲǱˣֻ壬ſң֮ػһһھˣǼµ˲ͬңǡ
飡
˶˵ʲôֱһȭ丹϶ԷĻ
漴һƱԴֱûԷʶУѰ֪¡
ܿ죬ʮȥ΢ֱӳء
ʮŭ죺㾹ǿҵʶ
ۣ
֣һȭԷķ飬лУ֮Ҳһ顣
ô鵽ʲôˣ
׻ʵ
С̫Ҳ
һ壬üʮڣͬʱȥһƬ硣
ôһ˵׻С̫Ǳ΢
׻ü͵һŮǸйأ
Ӧǣ

ǰЩӣԿʶͻȻ֣֮ػһʮߣضһǳӣǰǸͻȻ֣նɱһһ֮ػһǿߣɱһʮڣȻҲһڼ¡
ˣ˵ǵǰ֮ػһˣҪԸǣһʮڿԽʱһ壬üʮһǰͬһƬ磬оųɵİգΪԿȥΪǸ˶ȥ
һߣǳġ
ߣ
к׻С̫˵
Ƭ꣬ѾʮʶѰʱ׼ǰ
ĸ߶ȣ֮ػһʮ̫ԶˣֱȥһƬźüʮǿߴڵ磬˵ǳΣգȻȻˣҪȥΪϵµĸ׺͸ס
֮ȥƬ磬ҸطһȥѰټ
ôС̫Ͱ׻
˵ʲôСӣֻȥĶǾȥĶһԣ
׻ü
ѽһ𣡡
С̫Ҳڣ֣ء
춯˶촽Ҫ˵Щʲôȴûпڣ򵥵ĵ˵ͷŰ׻С̫·
ܸо˫ۣӦܿ

һʶе񽣣һο˫ۣܵΪãԽΪǿܵ˱Խֲ
ǰ׾κʱʱģ˫ͫ΢ʹУģӦ˵ָо͵⿪˫۵ĸоһģһ
ѣһΣһ𶯣
еʶе񽣡
֮󣬿ܽٴδľҪʱеĵơ
ôţٶȲ˺ѴϣŰ׻С̫Уú뵽һƬڡ
ȥƬɽʣ֯ŵŨЩˣٲȻһƬͬȲε硣
׻ڣƬ
䣡
ͻȻ˵ʥ𶯣ƬĶ򣬾طǺԶһλϣʥֱ
ʥ̫ǿˣƺһУ綼Ϊ֮
ǡ
ʱһ䣬ʥУоԿϢ


2165 ²
оԿϢʱݣȻԿƬ磡
£ֱкС̫Ͱ׻ʥܳĵطȥ
ʥܳĵطλòԶܿ죬ǳʥܽ֯ĵط
ȥǰһƬƵɽȺƺһƬռ䱻ˣɽĴܱܺߵĻȫһѪɫԼĹӼ
䣡
ʥ𶯣ռһƬƬı顣
ǰžŵӰԱʮֻʣһʶԿսˡ
ǣǣǡ
׻Կ۾ʱֱˡ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ˵˹Կ£֪˵һŮԿµĸףµòһģһʱۼɻ̲ס𾪡
ûһ㣬ǰǳƬܼӼ˲䶮ԿΪλطӦΪ˾طЩӼ
ΪǰһС̫ԿʱԿ¡
¡
ʥӿǰ֮ػһİ˸ϴںΧԿˡ
Ȼ뾻ǽѣԿ㻹ǳ׸ıˣ
һʮһϮۣΪ֮ػһĵʮ˳ϡ
Կʮѩ׹ʥԻƣʥ嫣Ů
ʥԺǿƿɾһУ˸ʮڵɱһδε¡
áǿ
Զ׻΢
һʶѣҺܲȣȴͬʱס˸۷弶ʮڡ
Ȼ죬֮ǰԿ֣ʱһĻȴǺ𺳡
̫ǿˣ
ܿ죬Ǹǡ
ʱ˳ԿȻʱס˰˸ʮڣǣһʶȴսĳ鵭ǳ־õսȥԿһʶɢ
Կ˵һΣ壬ҵȿ˸ʮУһ߳Ȼ֮ǰÿūӡ
Կ̫ǿˣ֮ػһʷǿˣ񣬽ֻһƲȵʶҲֵסǰˣԿԸعڣǾ̫ˡ
ԿӦΪƺԺԿȴϿūӡָ۷ԿǶԣһ鷳
ԿϣְɣôȥֻǱϰ֣ԿԸ壬ԸһС
˸ʮڶʱɫһ
£ǲ֣ܰ漰Ըܷ
ңһ޴ѡ
ˣ֮ԿӦǵҪ
һ΢˶ٿڣһϮۣ꣬ƴµǸ΢࣬񣬻ţˣҵƿټʱԼ֮Ĩɱ
⻰һԭһֱƽԿʶͻأһʱɫ
ţ·
¶ɫϲãҲбˡ
Ҳ뵽¡
ԶҲһƾֱܲµ˵Ǹ࣬ǰЩӳֵ壬ȻԿǸͨˣµĸס
ԱߣС̫Ͱ׻ҲǶݡ
⡭ǰٴοڣĵǸ΢к£ҵҲѾ֪ѾѰټʱ֮Ĩɱ
⻰һԿɫ
ǡ
ʶһ±ø鵭Щ
꣬ŮǰΪ˱ˣ֮ߣûü֮У֮ŮΪڱ׷ɱУֽŮߣԼɱ
걻ɱûгһƲʶǧ۶ؼ䡣ʶصЩ꣬ΪӦѾˣΪ֮ʱֻǷ˶ѣ˵Ԫҡ
ǣŮʱнΪʱ䣬зŵȫСŮڣѪҺŮһܹﵽ֮µĳ±ĥ
Щ֪꣬ԼŮţȴȥȥѰңԼĴǣѾŮңΪȾѪȥŮȻЩŮȴһֱľ֧֧ڡ
ᵽѰԼŮɫЩˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶҲǱɫ
µڣ֮ػһѰˣ
ʱ侪ŭºǿ֪ģǣʵȴôҲܵס֮ػһļ֮ػһɱʮ򣬺룬»ѣʮܱٵкܶ˹ѴƬ硣
ԱߣС̫Ͱ׻ҲΪ֮ɫ
Կһλᣬ壬ҵرͷǸĺˣҵȱһ棬ɱǡϾǸ࣬ĺˣҲһԱѪҺٴοڣɱǣȴҲһ壬ңˣҪеūӡ


2166 ִʵ֣ƽ
ԶߵĻǾŭ뽫һȫūۣ
Ļᣡ
߿Կ
û˵ӺĮ
Կı鲻ƽܲÿȴҡͷܵģܡ
عڣζţٴ¾飬ԸǵˣͬʱɷŮūӡ
һ߸ʮڣĿҲǱøӵ
ˣϧʼڤ粻飬Ǿͳʧˣߵǿʥ⣺ڲ̴㣬ѹǸ΢࣬һ·֮Ǹ΢֣Ҳ
߸ʮҲһ֣ʥӿâ֮ӿ
Ƭռ䣬סŤסѡ
Կʮѩ׹𣬴ƬʥâƶŰӭϡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ĴײϢ⽻֯
ʮһԿɣʶ˲鵭˼֡
Զ쿴һĻɵ߬˫֡
ԿǿֻһʶսҲܿ£ʱߵ֮ԼºٲȻˣսܵ˾޴Ӱ졣
¡
ʥһһϯԿһаˣʱʱıˣش
ʶ壬ԽԽ鵭ˣټȥʱпֱӱ
ǰһС̫Ͱ׻ԶЩʱ׼롭
ﬣ
̶ĽصֱӱնˣĻϣһĿâԴ
ǰսڣԿǰֱӱһᴩ۵һը
ͬһʱ䣬һӳڱĺɵԿǰӢΰ㣬һ߳Ͽ˷ĪķģֽɵԿһ
Կ
ӿڣЩʡ
ԶԭѾ׼֣ʱӣֱֹסŲ
ͬһʱ䣬׻С̫Ҳݣһ˲˲Ŀǰӡ
һޣһ˲Ƕ֪ˣӣԿˡ
Ҳǣµĸס
ԿʶѾ鵭ˣͻأֵӣʶ岻ɵһ
ģš
ӣϤݣԿӿ˾ϲҲӿˮ
ţڣڡҵˣ
Уᡣ
Щ߹̫̫ĵطһֱѰԿҵˡ
飬ڷɿ飬˼ӣǾŭϵǰˡ
еһߣеľŭŨǰв㱻ɱ˿ɱ⡣
س棡
ɭʮ𶯣ֱӶˣЯ޾ɱâѹӡ
ͬʱҲһˣɭͨɱ
ǲµԿ׼ѹԿʶ֮Ըӣȴ룬Էʱֱӳ

ӱˣг޾ķŭе񽣷ն
וּһХ죬ĿĽӿ֣նʱ䡣
ǰ߸ʮͨһʱ䱻飬ͬһʱ䱻ķ飬Ѫˮա
۳ߣǱһˣո۳İٴըѩ׵ĹͷƮϡ
һĻʱ졢С̫Ͱ׻ɫԱ䣬һ
һ֮ˣֱն֮ػһ߸ʮڣңؾ۳ߣǺεȵս
áǿ
׻
ɽУԿĿֹס˸û뵽ǸȫеˣֿʱֻǸͨ˵ӣٴȻѾǿȵز
¶ģеĽǰִʵ֣˱ı
ӣǰһͨΪҪɱļֻͨѩõǰ̸к֮¡ܲмĻú޴ͬʱҲɵþúȤΪǰЩʱֻ޾Ŀ־壬û˸ǰ㵲ǰۡ
漴ΪȤûɱӣٵԭƽͨһʼ޼ֵĶó塣
һϲչѩιѩõӣϲִдʱģһֱãʲӦյģΪʺ
ټеıʣ˽оܡ
һУΪ
ҪˣʣҲҪˣڣʥӿԴԴϵӿԿʶУȹԿʶûκã壡㣡
Զ񲨶ΪԷĳ鶯ݣҲΪԷʥӵѹݣ̫ǿˣƿѹ


2167 ̫
ԶԶĿӣԷڣʥⲻӿӿԿʶС
Ȼܿ죬ݣӵʥǿȴûʹԿʶȹʶ壬ɺ鵭
ô£
벻ͨ
ԿԭֻʣһʶҲŶԣɶԷȴʱӼʥǳǿᣬȴ𲻵á
һߣҲɫʥӿԿʶڣȴá
÷˵һֱдڣʶҲȾһֶΣûõġ
ԿΪԼȾ˿ǣǴؼӺᡣ
ҧʥӿӿԿʶڣ㻹ڣµģ
֮ػһǰ˸ʮʱѾؾ۳Σɫһ˿ڣϻع·һᣬ壬ΪΪūҵȱһѣȻͬʱǵĺˣҲһ𳼷壬ӡūӡ
ӶݣΪ֮ػһܰԿعϲΪԷᵽԿĺ˶
˵ģˡ
ԿĿ
Կͷ뿪󲻾ãҷѾУŮҽҲˣǰЩӣоϢʶ΢֪Ǿϲ˸УʵˣĺܺãҸкܶѣԼļңԼĺӡ
־ϲΣӢΰʥ΢΢ĲңԲǣΪɷ򣬵ûб㱣ѣΪףЩ꣬ûܾ˿չŮΣҡ
һޱǿˣ˻ģʱȴ
㣬ⲻĴ
ԿҡͷΪӲȥᡣ
Զ쾲Ŀˡ
ʱһɽ֮񵽣Լĸĸĸչ˹ǣվǱĸģĸĸףġ
ˣĮ֮ػһ˸У֮ǰڵٴγĻᣬˣ˳ӳ壬ʹһҽԿɴǼΥ壬һȫ𣡡
ƫͷǰһ̻˫ۣһ˲ñޱȣɱ졣
䣡
һɺϢڳʱû谵һƬ޾ƶرоʣϵ죬µֵأƬؼʥ⣬ƿѹһС
֣ҶѡӿڣԿնǣ㳹׻ָȥ
¡
󣬾𶯣ڻӦ־һʱ䶯ˣƵ޾ʹƻǻ磬ֱĳ֮ػһİ˸ѹ¡
һƥĹɱƣ֮һ֮ڵһʱ
̫
Զ쿴һĻĿ⶯ݣԷ壬ʱֱӼǵϢ̫ǿˡ
֮ػһİ˸Ҳڵһʱ䶯ݣʱ̫ɲ֮ǰնһȣ͵صĲɱǿ̫ˡ
ȴҲǲκη壬ϾҲؼĴڣңʱǰ˸һ
Ƕ˲ţһٶǻᣬϧһԲϧҲûʲô˵ˣ
ɱ
ͬʱˣԼǿͨʥѹ¡
ת۶ѣطɱĺ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ʥܷӿܿȥ˸ʮϺɣⴴ
һаˣھϷԶ׻ĿǷˣֻΪжѣںʱ·֮󣬾ɱ䵽˳̶ȡô˵ţֲɵÿԿ૵ѡѹ¹ôǿĸĸףܲǿ벻ǿ󶼲а
Կӣǿ죬̫ˣ棬ؼ䣬мܹסˣ
ɵҲ˸һΪӵǿ̫ˣ
ѽ
Сֱ̫ۣҲΪһĻ𺳡
䣡
ʥܶǰɽУԿʶΪѾ䲻ȣʱûٶ֣Ӷ԰˸ʮϣ̫ѹ˻ģɨˡ
ģ˵ƺ𣬰˸ʮһ뱻ĺɡ
ĵس棬Ҳܴﵽȸ߶ȣ

꣬Ƿ˵ӣǰ˺ȻѾǶ֡
Ŀɱ̫𶯣â
ͬʱУ˵Ƶն£̫һѹˡ


2168 ͼ
߳鲼ƣϢ̫һѹ䣬ɱϢˡ
Զ첻ɵΪ֮𺳣ȹɱ֮ƣ̫ˡ
ͬʱС̫Ͱ׻ҲΪ֮ļ¡
¡
մ綼ھ
֮ػһİ˸ʮͬʱӭӵȹ
ȻӼ̫ɱ̫֮ǿˣ˼ͨڵһʱǱ飬һѣת۽Ա
Ѫˮɨգ㴥Ŀ

ӶԿ˾䣬ǰ̫һƱøˣƺҪѹһС
֮ػһİ˸ʮǿɫܲÿԼǿ
䣡
Ĵײһ԰ˣȫϷѹŰ˴һһν˸ʮǿ߻ĺˡ
ʮ˸ǿȻӣһδαˣȻȴʼղ࣬Ա
飡
飡
飡
һΣ˸ʮȺɨɣԶը鿪
дźɱгһδ䣬ɱء
վĺԶطһֱֶϢûб֡
Ȼ֮԰˸ʮڡԿԼûзǣҪĻΪʮ˵ľȫͬεϣûܡ
ѡͬħһˣһ
׻ǰӣ̲ס£̾ŵ
Ϊ˱ˣ׺Ҳܻħ񣬺οǳˡ

ǰӣʵ̫ǿˣһչ
ã£ûʲôıʣɻɱǰˡ
䣡
ͻȻʱطٴѿһߴп˳
һϮۣʮ˲併١
˳֣ʱݣһ壬һʮڡ
ӵıûκα仯̫𶯣Ϣ졣
طİ˸ʮڶ֣ͨӭϡ
ˣ
һߡ
ˣȻҪõû뵽ֻسҲ
ĮɨӣڷɳһѪɫͼͼһʱŴתۼ仯ֱʮңѪɷϢܼĻӰг˳
ЩӰԽ֯żصɷͼ֮ڣԹ飬ʼһֱǶ𣬱ޱֱӳ˹ȥ
ͼǡˣ
ԶԿɫ
֮ػһǿߣȻ֪ȶ껹ֻУڵĻһɱͼڣԸĵرԼһЩڼԶ죬һɣֲ
Ʒɱ㹻ˡ

˿ڣ˸ʮǿһ֣ͼѹӡ
ԿǰΪ֪ԿжǿԣԿֻʣһʶҲȶȴҲɲСӣϾеʮڼҲֻǿԿսƽѣΪҪǣ֮ǰѾǰ֮ڵһʮǰԸԿʶʱˡ
ԣ֪ͨڵߣ֮׼ͼԱʱ֮衣
֮һսǰ˹սԿʶ壬ĴϷΪͼͿѹԿ룬ͻȻɱˣǱƵ
Ҳʱ߳ͼˣһʼ׼վõġ
ɱ
һ˹ͬ߶ͼʮռ߽⡣
ڵԹ飬ÿһͷ֯żΪ˵ϢȫͼڳҲ㹻ֲˣʹƬĲ񷶼̼䱻ȾһѪɫ
Զ쿴һĻɵñɫ
ͼ֯Ϣ̫ˣԶԶͨͨ켶
С̫Ͱ׻ΪͣʱԶԶĿͼɵ÷
ɽУӶݣȻҲͼ
ȴûһ˿һľ⣬̫Ϊ֮𶯣ڣϯʮռ䣬һŤһչУ·ǿռһ㣬һһϮɱԹ
ʥж٣ɱǶ٣

أ
ͼ𶯣ԹĿѾǴɱܣʼһǺηĳɱȥ
⣬ŸֹʴһУһ̶ʥתΪԼĴ綼
Ӻ䣬һƬռٴδһ̫֮֯ϣϰ˻ĵ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
תۼ䣬ƬԹ鱻ڣͬͼҲݺݵĻζһ¡
ʹǶݣǵһμȴǵһμôֲ·Իһ㡣


2169 ʥ
̫ϣÿһޱޱȴ⣬Ϣš
Զ첻ɵøоһĲ
̫ˡ
⣬⡭
Աߣ׻һļ¡
С̫Ҳǵɴۣӵֱǿĥ
¡
һķռͼڳԹת۱һƬߵҲ뱻𿪣ѪӿѪ
ܺãǿֲı䣡Ƕ𣡡
ߺ
Ż䣬¡һʥâ֯ǰӭϡ
ͬһʱ䣬˸ʮǿߣҲʱϢ
ңҲͬʱƿͼʥͼһӹϡ
һĻʹԶٴζݣˣҲƿпµ
ǸϼһƼƿ֮˲Ϊˣ䲻ã
ϻĿ£ԼУֻƿ֮ǣ֮ڣƿˣѾԶԶֹˡڿǸʱϻ쵱Ϊ֮£Ҷǵòˡ
¡
ǰ˵Ĵײʥϯһսţ̫ϣ֮ˣȴԴϷˣϾŸʮǿߣûһ֮ңΪҪǣ֮ǰǸߴͼ̫ˣпµĿԹг˼鷳
ˣ
ͻȻ޾ʥâƵԿʱһζˣһƬ֯ʥԵĴ縡֣ľɵգʣʥ֮۶ɣ·Ծؼһкڰƺؼ򷨡
ʥ򣡡
ûˣֻʣһƲȱʶҲܼӦ˵ˣԿ
ǲ壬öãϧˣ
Ÿʮӱ䣬֮ƣͬʱͼ߶ĸӿ¡
ԶҲٴζݡ
Կ֮ػһĿֲѪͬʱʮеʥ塣
⡭ѹ¹ͬʱ߱ʥⱾԴձԴԭԭǡ
׻𺳡
ѽ
С̫Ҳ𺳣Բۡ
¡
ɽУʥӿ֯ʥͻʮһ۷ײ
Կ˿Ҫٶ֣
ӵԿˡ
ԿֻһƲȶʶģʶԽԽὥĳʧ
һˣеġԿҡͷǾŸʮϣţԻˣǣһͼǾٲȻˣͼжô£ʱ۷ʱڵݡͼȻֻǰƷȴҲ㹻ֲǣһ𡣡
һҲУ֪ͼжѣҲ֪ж£գǵĽֻ֣б飡
߱
ɱ
߿ڣֻôһ֣ɱϢʥѹ䡣
߸ʮҲȫһƿͼпµɱԹгÿһֻĿƿֲĸϢǳˡ
ӺԿǳǿߣӺս໥ϣʥ̫龢ںϣоŸʮǿߣӲ˺ƿصͼ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵Ľ棬תۼ䣬ҹȥ
ƬڣΪʮһ˵Ľ棬ѾǳΪһƬ棬洦Ѻۡ
ãܺãܺã
߶ӺԿһ߶һ߿ڣɫò԰˲١
˸ʮǿߣɫǱúܲ԰ףеĺøŨҡ
ҹĽ棬Ǿ˺ƿͼȻûٱѹƣȴҲûдϷʱǸ˼صĴˣʥѾ˾ųɣµͼѾѺۣӺԿ
ǾŴǿߺͼɱӺֻʣһʶԿȻƵȳ̶ˡ
ǣʱӺԿ״ҪһЩӻȾѪʥҪɿˣеĽѾЩղˡ令Կʶø鵭ˣѾǱ͸ƺһ̾Ҫʧ
ǡסˣԶ׻ǰɫܲÿͼ̫鷳ˣһһʮҪֲܶ࣬ڡ
ӺԿǿ󣬵һսֻһ˾ͿɻŸʮǿߣͼ̫ˣгɱԹ޾ôɱҲɱ꣬ҸֲܿҹսУ˵ʥ
ӵʥɿݣԿ״̬ӲȣѼսˡ
ѽ
ԱߣС̫ҲһżȻҲǿӺԿľ
Ҳʱ춯ˡ
ԶЩ
ͳ߲׼ˡ


2170 
һ𣡡
׻
һ𣡡
С̫Ҳڡ
ʱӺԿѾҪ֣ȻҲҪ
ȻǾãʱȥȫȴҲû˿ȴ֮ġ
ˣҪԶš
쿪ڣ͵ʥС̫Ͱ׻𿪣ֱ߲Ӵڸ
طʱһֱڹͨʶе񽣣Ѿ˻Ӧ
һ̣ʶе߲񽣱ԼϢһץס߲񽣣һǿɽУֱӳȫɱӺԿľŸʮնһ
ﬣ
Х̶ĽƵһĿ߲ʽâ˲ᴩһС
ȫӺԿľŸʮӽһ˶֣һѹ䣬ֱӽ߲ʽĵķ顣
ҲʱɽС
Ӱͬʱ֮ػһŸʮߡԿԼС
ֻ壡
ŸʮУ߿ڣн֯ľâ
˸ʮǿߣҲʱס죬֮ǰ߻ȥѾᵽĴڣңǰͥһЩҲֻĴڣЩȻǶ첻İ
ͬһʱ䣬Կ֣ҲΪ֮ݣ죡ô
Կǡ
ȾѪʱȻóǣȴһμ죬Ȼֻ壬ȴ֪ľݡ
졣Կڣʶ鵭ˣΪӽܵŮģɷ򡣡
ȾѪӶʱݣĿʱϣǡ
죬δŮɷ
£֡
ͬʱӺԿ
¡
ӺԿ΢ǲ֪ԼŮ֣ȻԿ֮ǰҲֻǴС̫¡֣֮ǰ֪ԼŮȫ
Ҳʱɱ֯
ôǵһˣŸʮǿУߵһȺһɱˣһմȾֻأһңĺܣ
ԱߣҲӱ䣬еɱ⣬˿Ҳڣ̹ɭ
һֱӶֳ̧֣ץȥ
ûע⵽Сֻ徹طĺܺá
ֽ֯żŨʥԡ
ʮռ䣬һʱ䱻̡
ԿӣֱĨɱֻȴǲһʸϵشҪץġ

ӿڣ˳춯ֱ֣ӻӶնһĽ⡣
ͬʱԿ죬ǣǣϽ뿪ط
еĽܿǳΪȴֻײζѣеߵʱսѾԶԶ۷״̬ҲӦԡ
ˣûһߣҪô뿪Ҫô֮һ뿪
ҡͷ
Ż䣬ֻضֱӱתʮսӣϢǣٴλӶ񽣣֮͵ĳŶֵʮȥ
ﬣ
תֻضһ߲񽣵ĽҲ֮ǣݻһɻص߲ʽ⣬ӵĽâһ𣬺ǰ
˵Ľת۵ӣ۵һֱӽֵʮߵƹᴩ󽫶Էֱһ飬ƬѪâУʺ죬Ŀġ
һĻʹöֵʮ߾ŭ˸ʮҲݡ
ϣ
ֱ۵ʮ߶죬ɭ
˵ĺأԷղնһֻܽѹ¶ѣֱܽ飬ֱۣ֮Ա飬ΪһļնһĹϵߵӣʹɱ֮
ͬһʱ䣬ԿӣʱҲǶݡ
Ǹо˳ʱϢͻȻǿʮе߲ҲŽǣ̫ࡣ
Ǳܲһ㣡ǿǳǿŸʮУ߿ڣһ˲˲Ķе߲񽣣оâ֯ȫ״̬ͼ
ʮߣҲΪ֮ͷ
ǶǿߣȻʱ򿴳񽣵Ŀ֮
ǿҲֻǽǿѣ̫ͽͣѹǱ
֮ǰֱ۵ʮ߱ӿƺƵѹ¡
漴˸ʮҲһˣ볯ץȥȵʥʮռ䳹̡
ͬʱҲһƿͼѹӺԿӺԿ


2171 ٿǿ
Ÿʮͬʱ֣һѹ죬ȻˣʥѾųɣȴɺֲܿ׻ɱͨͨ켶ǿߣʥˡ
ңͬһʱ䣬˹ͬƿͼ޾Թ˻ĿӺԿѹ䡣
¡
Ƭռ䵱ӳ˵ĻϢʮգһƬƬӡ
ӵͺ𣬻ȾѪʥѾҪɿˣǿ̫ͬһͼϡ
ͬһʱ䣬е񽣻Ӷӭ֮ػһľŸʮǿץʥܴӡǿס˵Ĵ֣һƽ
ߣ
Ѫ
е߲񽣷ǳŽ߲նǵâҲǲֻƾһ㣬ҪȥߵˣǾԲܵ£Ȼ˶Ѿ˼صʥųɣսǱҲԶԶǶ֣ϾΪֻǲ׼ζѡ
ߣ
ٴοڣ커ԽҪɿݵʥ򣬻Ӷ񽣣˵Ĺһδ£ӿѪˮԽԽ࣬ϣҲѺۡ
ûܱԿŮʱҲûЩûо˿Ϊ˸εŮɷҲҪŮɷ򻤺á
죬ߣԿҲڣ鵭ʶ֧ʥ򣬺һס߾ˣ커󣺡ûо˿ΪΪĸΣǶԲҲûȥԺߵ㣬Σ㶼Ҫţ
챻˻񽣵ֲɵý˼֡
ڵѾ߱κвԣټͼ뻤ס𣿡ŸʮУˣʱմȾֻأأǸصĴۣ
仰䣬¡һ˹ִͬͼӺ˵ɷ˳
ԹгÿһͷԹ鶼ޱȿ£ǿԽһɡ
ӺԿѵֵӿӿѪˮˣʥϵѺ۸ܼԿʶ壬ø鵭
ͬԣˣսѾˣѾʲôв
ಣ
ಣ
Զƿ𣬰׻С̫˹
Сӣүˣ
ѽ
źԶ׻֣ʥ⶯ߵѹȥ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ɫ棬ƿȼһУͰ׻ʥһѹ
֮ǰʱ룬ǣˣȻʵԶԶȲ죬Ȼ֪ԾǱ֮ػһľնɱȴҲûκη壬ͬ׻˵ǰ㣬ǻսѣҪһԡ
ңƲ첻ᣬӺԿµĸĸף첻طֻҲȻܶߡ
¡
ߵâת䵽ߵ˵Ľǰ
âֱӱˣֻǾƣͲǵĹԿϾֻǲʥ𾳲ζѡ
յģһѾ˵ôˣôǿ
׻ŭ
С̫Ҳߣѽ
쿴Ű׻С̫嵽սУ˵Щʲôջûܹڡ
ʵ֮ǰߣǣȴҲˡ
ᣬܺãעвջǸħЩ겻֪㵽ץһˣԼ
Ÿʮ߿С̫Ͱ׻û׻ĮɨС̫
Ż䣬¡һٴζ֣ʹͼԹ顣
ʮռ䣬ȫ̡
ЩԹɷˣٲȻǿµɱÿһͷԹ鶼ͨͨ켶Ҫֲܶ౶ھ˵Ŀ֮£ƺƵĳһѹ¡
ӺԿֵǰԹ鵲¡
ǣߣӿӿѪԿҲ𿪣ԿҲߣ
н֯ĿľâӿʥʼңʼȼձԴ
ﬣ
̶Ľ𶯣쳹ϰ˻ģ콫ֻľֻضͬʱתޣɫʥ߲ȫնһǰݺϣӵ̫ݵĽǰĴƬԹȫ忪
ͬʱ̧Ӽͷ˼ȼձԴûҲҲ
䣡
Ż䣬һɺ춯ҷǳϢӿԼ䣬ħ˻֮ڳݻһɹɺ쫷硣
ǰĺڷ쫷趯˫۱ˣ˫ͫϽԸֺ£ĵһ𣬷·Կ͸һУַ·Իؼ
ʱطΪ֮ͣˣʵϷӿ
ǣ
֮ػһľŸʮͬʱɫĿ˫ͫϡ


2172 
ӿԭǴؼΪ翵Ķʱȴǽʵϻƣܵһжѹˣʱƺˡ
֮ػһŸʮͬʱɫ˲΢
ͬһʱ䣬ӺԿҲɫͬʱʱ˫סˡ
ʱ˫ֳۣˣС׻𺳣ˣȻʵ⣬⡭
ԱߣС̫һı顣
ǲǵһμ˫ۣһΣʱֻǸо˫ʱϢ÷ǳ£ȫǱһˣûпʵ
һΣٴμ˫ۣһʱ˫ʱؼ翵˱ʵ۶ǵһʱǴʱĿ𺳡
࣬Ȼ
ߵĿ˫ۣеľñ֮ǰӵŨҡ
ۣ
߬˫֡
׻ߵĻ˫ۣۣۣǡ
ܸоߵľ֪˫۽ۣ۾ʲôȴ֪
ӺԿʹԱߣͬߵһ㣬еҲǱԽԽŨʥ΢
ɸ컻صʥֻۣͫʱۣۣƿˣ
Կסˡ
⣬ʵϣǰڷһ趯
˫ۣǰ࣬ϵĸȻɾ޴󣬵ȴԶԶû֮ǰǰˡңϣҲԶԶǰοɱȡ
ߺߵˣɨͼӺԿĿԿʶϡ
ˡ
˫һ̣ԿʶƵ˿˿ƵԼüֿµĸʴԿһʶѾȫںϣڲʶǣҲ֪ˣЩԿ޷عĸԴڡ
̧֣ʵʻ˻ƶ£ֱӿԿʶڡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
΢촫ֻת۶ѣԿʶڵЩ͸ʴֱӱ֮ȫĨ
Կʶ΢ԭѾú鵭ƺһ̾Ҫʧʱ򽥽ʼʵ
ǣʧˡ
Կ𾪡
֪ţ񣬾Ȼּ̧͸ˡ
ֻ֮Ҫ𣬼ʱգܹ۳ϻع·
ͬһʱ䣬ߵȾ˺ȻҲоԿʱı仯
Ȼǲʥ𾳵С̫Ͱ׻ʱҲٲȻԿʶı仯
Կ־ϲһʱȫû˾ǿӦе̬ͻȻһǹĺӰˡ漴ֿ죺죬㡭
ԿҲƫͷʱ죬𺳺ȸ֯һʱ侹ǲ֪˵ʲô
ȷʵͬ˵ûоһ˿һΪ˸ΪĸΡӺԿ˻⣺ǣûжԲ
ӺԿûչ˹£Ǳһɽ֮񵽲Ҹˣǣ²Ǳġǣһ֪µĴڣһΪ׷ɱΪ˻е²ǣܹŲŽߡ
Ȼûж¾˿ĸΣǣµġ
ӺԿ΢ſڣ˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵ʲô
ллл
Կյô֣Щʡ
һŮˣһĸףԼŮԼͷ⣬һֱŮ§ڻ̬ȣԸ⽫ͷߣ
⣬ĵĸм
˫ռۣվҲֻǲ׾ѣǹвʱһ𣬾ŸʮУ߿ڣһ˲˲Ķ죬кˣʱȽѹ
֣
ߵȰ˵ͷʱͬʱ֣еʥѹ죬ʱʱԵĺӺԿҽͼҲһѪɷ졣
Źʥѹ¡޾Թ˻ϵĿռ̼Ǳա
ƥĴƣ졣
Ȼܹо˵Ĺжô£ȻʱۣȴҲ̲סʹ·һ̾Ҫ˵ȹƸѹһ㡣
֮ˣ˵һ˫ȻǿΪȴǲײΣΪ϶ԣ˾̫̫ˡ
ȴû¶һ˿һļɵ
ﬣ
̧֣߲񽣻ӶĽưϵ˶Ҳ֪ȷնһǿ˶ٱһʱ佫ѹĹȫ߽⣬һͷһͷԹ飬󽫾ĺɡ
ҵΪǺǲܶ࡭ֱָ̧֣߲ˣ˫УֺƿûһУҲˣǣԶ۷״̬


2173 һѹ
֮ػһľŸʮɣѪˮŽϣ㴥Ŀ
˺ܿסΡ
죬һ̣˵øɭȻҵԶԶ۷״̬Ҳ㹻ѹһֻ棡
һ̣ٴζ֣ͼ𶯣Թѹ졣
ңԲд治ʥ϶һ졣
ʮռ䣬ŤֻɱâƵ
ǰڷ趯˫УֺĵһʮĿ⽻֯ϡ
ﬣ
֣߲𶯣۵֮ٴκݺݵһ
һ֮޼᲻ݣﲻƣȷնһǿӭž˵ϡ
һͬʱɲǼǱһķ顣
أ
ѪɷϢ죬Թ˻Ŀͼгʱǰһͷͷ޾µް㣬ĳ˺ҧȥ
ƫͷЩԹ飬ֺ̼ʹóĴƬԹʱֹסȻû˿ʶҲ̲סĪĿ־塣
ϣ
𣬾Ÿʮ˿ڣʥ߶ͼԦЩ־Թ飬ʹЩԹٴ˻𣬷³ȥ
Ŀûκα仯һܣһ̼両ֶһУѹһУܵĴƬԹ飬һʱǱȫ
Ҳʱ񽣣޾˻ϣһŸʮڡ
ˣ
֮翵Ϊʵ壬ݻһһУҪƬ涼ɽȥƵþŸʮæȫֵ
ﬣ
̶죬߲񽣣ֻľתֻضʮʵ֮ɱ߲ˣٴնһ
ǻԵһת䵽˽ǰ
ɫɭܲÿʥ󶯣ĻȿµĽâ
ǾˣǴ۷״̬Ȼ쿪ۣǱµ񽣣ȴҲ벻ǵۣΪΪֻ׼𣬺ǵľ̫ˡ
ȻڵȴǣԼԿһսǵսѾԶԶ۷״̬ʥѾǲһɣҶ˺صˣȾۺǱ񽣣ڴ˿̵ǶԣٲȻһڷǳ޴鷳
ƺѹѹסǾˣ
ѽ
Զ׻С̫Բɵü
ӺԿʱѾ˵ĺأȻǶ߱սˣսдžݵͬʱҲڽĽ䱸ţʱ׼ս
ﬣ
˺գ߲񽣣֮նɱ⡣
ȽֲܿһһۣľħһԹ飬һһ
ʮ߲ۣ֮뵽֮䣬˷߲ʽâӿͼŸʮһθɡ
ৣ
ƿ֮񽣣סеߣһԷǰ
϶
̹Ǳǰڷ裬˫䣬ֺ𶯣ϵȫǣһ˵ٲֱ֣ѹ¡
֮ǰԷԿ֮Ϊ֣輰ԿͬʱҲ輰¡
һֱǵã
£
˭У
䣡
ȵѹ䣬ѵأǿߣʱҲɵΪ֮һŭ𣬽ʥȫ֮Ҳһӭȥ
ͬһʱ䣬˸ʮǿҲ֣ԶߣԦͼ졣
쿴һۣ߲񽣷־һ˵֮УŰ˵
ƥĽâ˵Ĺ£İ˵ŵŵɺˣͼҲΪ֮һ
Ҳʱٲ֮ѹ䵽߽ǰ߾㤵У̼佫ʥ֮ȫѹ飬ֱ֮ӽ֮û

ŭͲҽһȵ֮д쳹Ƭռ䣬ѹķѡ
һĻʹԶİ׻̲סͷƤ飬Ǹߣ֮ػһĶڣȴȻʱ򷢳˲ҽ
֮жô£ղŵһߺεȵĴ
ģ
𴫳飬ȴǲ࣬ٲг
Ȼܳ˳ǣȴھƺڳĳ־ʹ
죬ŭѣĿɱ⡣
ͬʱ˫ͫܵʵʻˣУҲżɵ
㣡
ӱ߲񽣣ֱӳŶԷɱȥ
ͬʱ޾һ𳯶Էѹ¡


2174 
˻ϣٶȺܿ죬߲񽣣תѹ߽ǰ
ﬣ
ûκζĶֱӻӽն߲ʽ⡣
ͬʱ˫УֺΪ֮𣬰֮ӿѹ¡
ڷŵٲشʱܵӰ죬۳㱻ɱֻܺˣһʥӭϡ
ӱ߲ʽâ֮ѹµͬʱֻնʱ۵£εɱֱӺڶԷ֮ϡ
ƺߣֱɰԶ
ҲʱնĽâ֮ѹʥͬһʱ֮ϡ

ǿߣһ̲סҽУȻǱ֮˵ķǳء
ٴ׷ϣ˫ͫ𣬸֮ӿ֣ѹߡ
ͬʱӶе߲񽣣ȫ߶֪жǿն»һֱӸնΪأռ
߾ŭɿˣʱ򲻸ڶӲ֮֮ߵĽϣ״̬ԣв̫ھ޴ˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿصߵȰ˸ʮǿʱִͬͼؾ۳ͼ֮ӭ˺֮
ҵԶԶ۷״̬ΪܶԸǣ
һ˺
˺ִƵͼֲǳԹгѪɷϢ졣
ӭ˺֮ھ˺£һ˺֮
ӱ䣬ûκλһӿ˴ʮӿ
ӿ˻ߣе߲֮ϣ͵ˡ
ﬣ
һ֮ǰκһҪǿҪ·նһһ㡣
˺ִͼ޾Թгżӭһ
Ȼʱˣʥֲ㣬ӭһ͵ס
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һͼгԹ飬תۼǱһȫ顣
ңҲ̵ı飬նһδ飬Ʋļžնȥתۼ˵Ľǰ
ʱģͬʱˣͼŽɱ¡
Ҳʱֱӱǰ
ˣ
֮˵ĺˣƹֱӽһû
ɫԱ䣬Եͺȫ߶ͼӭݻ˺ˡ
ԹͼгѪɷѪܳ˺ӭϡ
Ȼ̫ˣת۱ǽԹȫ顣
飡
飡
飡
ŴǿߣһαɣһѪӿɫʱ԰ࡣ
ҧͼٴ𶯣ϸԵ򣬼ɱ֮նȥ
η壬֮֮߶ǿ̶ȣһսţϱƽ
¡¡
ط̮ߵȾһһαɻˡ
ͼҪˣǵʥҲҪӽɿݣ񣬺ȻܹǿסǼȥֻߡ
еһ˵ʶ˽
ɫɭȻϣʵȷʵˣ״̬ͼսȥҲضסƿ߲񽣵죬ʱΪ˻ֻߣܺӲս
ҵȴ޾£Ҫһ׼ߣ޹ߣ
ܣ
ֻ壬ۣѹ
ԿʶѾָˣ֮ʱ䣬Ҫ˶þܻع鵽۷״̬ԲܷȥǸ಻ᣬҲץסв׵üֵôһ˾һѵõĻᣬԲ޹ߣ
Ѿصģҵͬεģˣط֪ͨǣֻҪǰһˣɽһУ
Ӧˣ
Ϊһȫ
Ŵǿһߺֵ֮֮һ߰ʶ
漴໥ͷ߶֣ʮ֯һʥԣת۳Ƭ磬ʧ
һĻʹԿǱɫ
֪ͨڵˣ
֮ػһ嵱ǿߣ֮ػһ֣Ȼ
⻰һӵǶݣͬʱС̫Ͱ׻ҲͬʱԱɫ
ϣһʮڣ
׻΢
֮ǰԿطߵʮڣԡϡƺˣ֪֮ػһĳϣʮĴڡ
һȼĴڣѾˣѵȫ
һʱڴﵽʮ߶ȵģңһʮˡ
Կ
⻰һ׻Ǳɫ̲סһ£һŨŨľ㤸С
طľŸʮڣǿֲţӦöԿһǿߣҪǿһЩЩͬȼĴڣ֮ػһڵаʮˣʲô
һ壬ж£
ѽ
С̫ҲǱסˣĵɴۡ
սУɨʥ⣬ҲԿĻ΢
ȴֻһ˲ѣһ̣ӱøӱ
ﬣ
е񽣣֮ƣʼҵĹˡ


2175 
طڻڵʮǿ߸һɽȸУʱ߲񽣴߶ĸǿ˫ͫоֺޱߵһѹ
ۺ߲񽣣ֻض߽ϣѹߵȾˣ⣬ȫΪߵ˶ˣԶ۷״̬
ʱһʮڵֻһˣ͵ס
ϾΪֻײζѣӲۺ߲񽣵ȫɽһǶԷӳ
ﬣ
߲񽣺ޱߵˣƱ֮ǰˣƿ׻С
һֱնƬԹ飬סŸʮеߡ
ھʮǿ߸ϵطǰѿԽȫնǣ֮ǰ輰µˣҲҪɱ
ˣ̾ɱޱֱѹˡ
ң߲ˣʩչ콣ߵȰȫ𿪡
־ŭˣȫ
࣡
ŭ״̬һˣۺ߲񽣵Կˡ
ȻۣٲȻǱҪǿܶŲϵʱĿε˵һʱ۶һԷ
ۣ
ֻɲǼѣܲ飬ѪˮŽʮ
ʹ߸Ǿŭʥӿػѵĺ֮Զ
գصѹ˿̴Ϸ֮ˣ֮Ϸ򱶵ķ͸㣡
˺
Ѿڷط֪ͨѾصʮǿߣܸܿϵ
ʱ򣬾ۺ߲񽣣Ҳֻת֮㱻ѹ
ವƿߵʱٴγǰ˺ٴιͼѾǱ鲼Ѻ۵ͼԿۺ߲񽣡
أ
ѪɷϢ죬һͷһͷԹг·޾Թ㣬ÿһͷǷǳֲź˵ѪɷϢԼֲͬ
ЩԹھ˵ĺƿ£ƺƵĳѹ£Ŀ
޾壬ɭ߲񽣣һֱնһС
ʱֻߣֱƶԷȥ
Ҫ
ǰڷ裬˫иоֺ½֯ԵЩˡ
¡
ޱ˷ӿȣš
𣬱֮ײѪɫһֱò԰ЩɫԵúܲÿǾˣȫѹסˣֻ֧ܺͼǿĹ
˶ã
ߺɫѿʱ죬еɱޱˡ
飬һն£ޱձѣ˺߲ʽ˰˻ġ

ããؼ䣬һڣӰһƬʴгٶȼ졣
ֻۡԿǸࡢᣬݵԣ
һ߳һͷַʮн֯մմâ
ٶٿһЩǾ״ãٸϵȫѹֻ壡
һ߿ڡ
ǰǽӵط֪ͨԼԿ˵£ǰ
˰ЦԵЩ᣺ֻۣ˼ǸԿǵνĵһŮҿжǿʣ˭ʷһˣ
˱ʮѪΪ֮ػһ½ʮľţʵǿŸմﵽʮΣȴһ󲿷ֽʮϱҪǿϲ٣츳ǳˣʹһʯݡ
ޣǿû˵ûж˿ɱȣǫѷһЩպߵĸԶ
ַô
ǫѷʮѪΪޣЦǫѷߺϲҪĶ
ַüȴҲûзʲô֮ǫѷһЩûʲôˡ˵ţ٣ٶȸϵƬȥ
ߣΪȻٶȴǰС
ת۶ѣ˿޾Զ
ҲʱǰһϢĳ֣һϮۣĿƽ
ַ˶΢ǵľߣ񣬾Ȼûܹγġ
ֻһ˲䣬˶֪ˣǰˣԲһˣʵ
Ȼȴǲ⣬Ƭؼ䣬ˣ̫̫ˡ
࣬ʲôַ߿ڣһ̺ɫ㣬㡭
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣһǶݣʱϸоһ˿ϤϢǿʥɵһ̲סһˡ
⻰ԱߣǶݡ
΢һ˲˲ĶŰˣǸ
Ϊ½ʮڣȴഫ˵
꿴ˣĿƽȥ
ַ΢֪Ҫȥʲôطǣ
ߡˣ
΢кһԼ޺ˣ׼ڡ
ҺԽ
ˣʲôЦֻۡԿĳ衢ᣬڵȥ˽ᣬˣߣĿϣ˵ǿų޵УãҾһԣǷǰ㣡
д֮ɫ䣬ֱӱǶˣʮѪ˲ϢһѪ֮籩뻷ƶֱӱǻ֮ƣƺƵĳѹ¡
һʱ䣬طʮضΪ֮Ϊ֮Ϳֻš

ַ߱ɫ̲ס󺰡
ǲӣӻ֮ɱƣתѹǰ
ԭأһҲ
һ̣޵ͣеֱɢһƬ͡
⣬Ѫɫ籩ɢ飬ʥѿת۽壬ɢ
Ǹ
ַ߾ŭ־壬һʮߣֱӵͷߣ˲Ϣ޾Զ
ʼպƽңңĳĳƬ翴ۣƽĿд˿˿͵Ĺһ̣Ϣʧԭأ·δֹ

桭
䣡
Ѫɷʥ֯âȣ˷ӿ߾˼սķڣѾưһƬѾ֪˶ɣҽ˳
ﬣ
ɭӶ߲񽣣΢ޱ˸ڽâ֮ϣɱΪ֮
һֱնƬԹ飬ߵȾһ
ңͬʱ˹ִͬƵͼϵѺ۱øܼˣͬһ˵Ĵմɣʱпܳ׵ıѪɷϢѾ˺ܶࡣ

˵ɫǺܲÿؼǿߣȴôһ׼ʿѹƣ˺ҲֻǿסңʱԽԽ
ټְӣӣ˱ɸϵ
ߺ


2176 ˳
ʥԺƵɱâ֯ʮռ𶯡
߲񽣣˻ϣ͹ߵȾˣɱϢˡ
ﬣ
Хޱȴ̶
һնۣ˻ƣٴθʮԶ
Ľƥˣѹˡ
˺֧ͼ⣬һһαˣͼϵѺԽԽࡣ

ܿ죬һ촫ǿͼ֮ѹһǡ
˻ᣬٴαƵ˽ǰ԰˽ɢ
ˣ
֮ϯһһи֣ͬʱѹ
漴תۼٴγ߽ǰ
ﬣ
ԷǰûκζĶֱӻӽâ໥ϣ߼м䣬濹⣬ԷܵĻᡣ
ߵȫͨһӭϣȻΪʥҪɿݣ͵סʱ죬ֱӱ㱻ĺɣѪ
쵰
˾ŭ㣬ԣʱֱǺ޲졣
ӱ˫ͫУֺ̼µиֱ֣Էڣ嶼˺һ֡
ƺߣŭһؾһ߳Զˣ롣
Ȼٶȱˣңţͬռһ㣬Ŀ֮ε˱Ǿֱ֣˿£ɷɱ
ۣ
һΣ֮߱УӶˣѪˮĽա
ͬʱһΣҲܵ˾޴Ӱ죬һѺۡ
䣡
ԶߵȰ˼ѱܿһУٴξһ𣬺ͼѪɷϢ߾˹ȥԷؾ۳졣
ѹڶ˼鷳
͵ģͼгԹһƬƬ飬ѪɷϢһƬƬɢ
ȫϷԽԽˣԶ׻ϲܿ¶⼸ϼһ֮ǰطʮǿߣжõ
ǿѹ߾ˣȻͼҲⲻˣǣǽھʥĻϣֻ֮Ҫһ;ͬȲεˣԽһжѹҲס
ԿӺС̫Ҳһ£ǴĿĵǡ
䣡
սУһսţ˱ȵԽԽǱѪĽ
תۣһӹȥ
ô£ôû
˺ֵ죬ʱɫӲÿˡ
ԭǵԤƣ֮ǰطȥгصӾܸϵѾǹȥһӣȴûܸϵ
ǳʲô£
ͳ
˾͵ˣܵڻһ˵Ӱ
ﬣ
쳹ʡ
˫Уֺ΢΢һ𣬽֮֯øӿе߲񽣣նһ֮ƿɽһж
һת۽ͬʱɣͼҲŸѺۣ󣬿һ촫һ֮£ڱ鲼Ѻ۵Ŀɱڳױ顣
־ŭͼΪ鷳ôһڰƷҲǺķǼ񣬾ôˣʧʵ̫ˡ
߲񽣣û˿仯ˣЯޱѹˡ
һ̣΢Ųɵһֹ
Ѫˮ˫£ǣѪˮ
һĻʹð׻С̫ǲɵñɫ
ۺǿǣĸ̫ˡ
Կ¶ɫ
ǿҪǿΪ֧ţųƿɸ컻أҪǿܶ౶ȻƿΪȴֻײζѣײεΪԦ֧˫ۣȻûôɡ
Ҳ¶ɫȴﲻ졣
ɽУߵ˼һĻӶǱ߷̣Ϊʲô˶ƿۣΪҲԦգԼ٣
Ѫ˫Ѫ˳£ȴʼ
ߣվԭûж˫Уֺ¿ʼת
ˣ
˺Ƶһ˳֯Ҫذ㡣
߶ʱɫ䣬ҲǾԭΪʱܵ۷ɣ֮ܵȴǡǡ෴ʱѾʼ۷ɣʼⴴȴȻ˸ǿˡ
Ҳ𾪵ʱ򣬺¡һ˳ӺȻѹ䣬ֱӽ֣ͬʱҲһû


2177 ׷ɱ
˳ӿȥЩˣӵ֮ǰ˸ӿˣ߾ͬʱûʥֵȻʥȴһ˲㱻ѹ顣
һ˲䣬۵ģͬʱըĿѪˮƮУĿġ
˱Ͼһˣܿ۳

˵ɫԺѿ
ԼԿһս֮Ƕ˼صˣս࿰ͨͨ켶ǿߣͼٵ֮ǳû˵ֿ
ߣ
ҧ
ͼ٣ǵʥѾֻʣµˣڵսͨͨ켶ǿ߶Ҫ磬ͨ˳ٳٲ޷ٵȥˣټȥȼǿߣܻȫС
ɭĿ죬ֱӺԶ
һĻʹð׻С̫ǲɵΪ֮ݡ
ǲطͨʮǿߵôʱˣ
׻ɻ
ʱЩˣҲǳʲô£ͨЩˡԿ룬ҲǺ£Σȥˡ
ûпڣֻǵͷͬԿĿ
ͬʱҲžâ
󣬽˽ⳡΣѵģǲ׼Ϊ졣߲񽣣ʵ̫ǿˡ
ǰɽѾǱ׻ٵˣصҽһɹɵĳưܲ
ӣ
۽ѪˮԵһƬžеߣһǿ˳ȥźԶһɱâ졣
ң翵˹ӿһѹȥ
߾ŭѣѾʼˣ쾹Ȼ
ͬһʱ䣬Կ˱ɫ
죬Ҫ׷
Կ
ĳ״̬Ѿܲˣ۴ĸ̫ѾڱɣŲ̫ˣʱ׷ȥԲһѡ
Ѿڱ۷ɣ߾˿ʼ룬ʱ򣬷ζԷ룬۰˲ѵѡ񣬱Ͼ׷ȥ۵ķɻʱԽԽأصĳ̶ȣܻᵼ¼ٵңߵˣָһˣսʥɿҲûôɱ
Сӣ׷
ѽ
׻С̫ȻҲ֪һ㣬״Ҳغ
ȻĽŲȴû˿ͣͣ۽Ѫ֮øӿ

ɭ񷶼𶯣֮ǰѹµ֮һ޴иֶʮΪ֮
һĻʹߵ˶ǴǴ۷壬УǿԵֵϾ׼Ϊвĵ۷״̬µǡ
Ȼǵ״̬ͨͨǿ߶Ҫ磬ʥҲҪɿˣӭ˴Уܵס궼ɵһ󷢺
ӲͷƤһ𿹺⣬ȴУ˲㱻ĺɣԴѪˮ
һҧˣֱ˺ŻһУ˺ѿŻת˲ʧ
壬˫ͫϱ飬һŻֱ׷ɱȥ
ɲǶѣʧƬ硣
ԿΪ֮ɫҪ׷ȥȴǸУʣ˺Ż
׻С̫ԣ۷壬ȴԲ׽Ϣ޷׷
ǴעҪǸϲģ׻ǣ̲ס૵ĵСӣǧҪ°
飬ͬǵŮӣǿһƽؼˮ֮ǰ輰ʱܷŭ͸Ҫ˵ˣʱܷŹԷ
ѽ죬Ҫ°
С̫Ҳ߬һצӡ

䣡
˷߲񽣣۵ޱߵˣ׷ɱߵȾˣʱѾһԽƬ磬з֮䡣
зǳ£Ϊﵽʥ֮󣬱ǿĴˡ
ﬣ
Ӷ߲񽣣һ߲ʽâ졣
ң˱øӺˣӸͬĽǶȳžѹ¡
˾ŭ֮ػһĳϣÿ˶ɿһǿߣҪǿһЩǣȴǱһ׼ʿ׷ɱ
˵ô£Ϊûи
ɫѿһߵĹһδûܸϵ
Ծ״̬סĹƣĻת۾ͱ
۽Ѫ˿ȫ߰ˣֱ߶ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ֻһǰ
ˣ
ǰڷ裬˫Уֺת˳ӿ֣ѹߡ
ں߾ŭѣԽɿݵʥ

һ죬֮£ҲԵôתۼǱ˸顣
۵һֱըѪˮĽзС
ԷĻᣬ߲񽣽֮֯ĳŶԷն¡
וּһһѹ£ߵնһ

̲סҽУ屻߲֮֮ͬʱУᴩһǵȾʹֱǷ˼ģԳܡ


2178 ɱ

ѣ궼ᴩߵȰæ
ɭ˫оֺ£΢˷ӿǰѹ¡
ңӶе߲񽣣֮һն¡
عһѹֱߵ˼з춼顣
ߣ
ɫѿ߸ҧϵĿɴڣʱԸԭһ˿ڣзгɶݣڶȥ
״ĵס죬ֻӣ濹ֲ˿ô
Ŀɭ䣬ֱӱ׷ȥ
ٶȣȾҪϲ٣ܿ׷Ͼˣֱһն¡
וּһ߲ʽâɶ˲Ϣ䵽˽ǰ˵
˺һֵȻȴǺ֮ǰһ㣬ס
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽ߲񽣺֮ļ֮£ը鿪
漴𣬾겻಻𣬺ܿ۳
Ȼ˲Ÿո۳ӭһն߲ʽɶֱӽ˹ᴩѣߣΪĿԣ˵أϵĽâ࣬۳תۼǱá
߲񽣣˻ϣû˿仯ĳǰȥ
ȣ
һ̣ʥ͵һȳһѪ
۶ĸ̫ˣԽԽҡ
׼ϣһֱԦܿ죬Լͻٵ
ߺһֱԣʱһĻúܳ졣
ǵѪˮֱһŶԷ£֮ǰһɱ㣡
וּһ߲ʽâ֣֮ת۱ǳ߽ǰ
һٶȺܿ죬ʹʱܣֱӱǱᴩţƬѪˮŽ漴õֱը

ŭˣٵؾǡ
һΣһα
֮ػһĳϣǰеһǿߣ񾹱ôһ׼ʿһֱԣһһαˣоޱȵıͷŭ
ţߣ
ߵͳ֪ʲôߡ
ǵս֮ͨͨǿ߶ˣҪ˻صڡ
쿴žˣ˫ͫһɹʹҰѾЩģˡ
ıʼûб仯һ˲ٴ׷ɱȥ
ɱ㣡
ٶȺܿ죬ܿ׷˽ǰ߲֮һ
Ŵǿ߸ɫѿһߵֵһߺˡ
ˣ׷ɱˣӶݣתۼ䣬߸ʱȥ
߸ʱʱ䣬Ÿʮǿ߱øӵǱˣһ۶˲٣սѾͨ켶ΣɫǱò԰ࡣ
ߣΪԣ˵أѾֻʣ壬Ϊ֮һδλ꣬ʱʧȥ
ͬһʱ䣬״Ȼûкõȥ˫ѪˮȾҰøģˣʹиӾҡ
ֻǣı飬ûһ˿һı仯
ʱʥҲҪɿˣ߲Ѿջʶֻǿ֧ۣ֮壬ǰɱȥ
ˣ
ӿѹˣɢһǴѪ
ң֮ϲѺۡ
Ҳʱֱӳԡ
жѪȴһƬɭݻһУߵ꣬˿˿Ƶ֮֮»۵ȭͷ
ֻһ˲䣬ȭȫ֮
߶ʱһֻʣ꣬㣬࿰׼ʿѾ𲻿ϵУ۳֮ȭ̲סס

Ѫһɭ³ޱ˵һȭֱѹ¡
һ̣һȭȵߵϣķ顣
ߵ˱ɫɫһ˲ѿ㡣
һһϣһǿ߻ҪǿһЩ񣬾׼նһ
ȼǿߣһ徭޾£Ҳʮ˶Ѱ
ʧ󣿣

˶죬ɱӿԭľޱȸȴҲȫˡ
ڴϢѪˮӿƫͷˡ
⣬ɺ䣬˫ͫУоֺ£ȥһ־㤵ĸо
ˣ
֮ӿһкʡ
ˡ
ģȻоѾǴ˱ıԵƺһƾ֮ܽƵȴɻǲɵ΢
ߣ
һҧ£ٴԶˡ
񣬶˵̫ˣʱȻȥᵹ£ȴɻ֧ۣɻл˻⣬ǲȥԶԿ
ΪҲѾǴıԵϣٱ֮УΣǱ㽫᲼ߵĺ󳾡
ǲҶģ
һʱ䣬ವƿתۼ뿪طԶ
춢ŰԶȥл⣬ǰͣ½Ų
ѪˮϵԿӿҰʱ򳹵ģˣ˫ͫеľֺ»ɢȥֱӻʵ£ϵһδɢȥ˽ȥ


2179 ս
н룬һ̣ʧԭء
ܣһƬž·ʲôҲδ㡣
漴Ҳ֪˶ãһڣռŤƮ˳
ռһƬ谵·û㣬ʯƯڿУһ߾ߵĲʬƯԶӿ֯ʮڣɭɭڤ㡣
طѾȫ˹ȥʶƯƬ谵ռ䡣
ʱ䣬һš
תۣչȥ
谵ĿռУһʼ쿿£֯·ֲ̿ľ綾ʴȥֻת۶ѱ⣬Ƕϡ
ȻҲʱһƱԣԴŹâԼħ˻֮һһӰȻȻ⣬սˣ·ŵǿս꣬ʹÿ£֮¸˿ȥ
ʱ䣬ţܿ죬ʱȥ
պһ죬ʶʼָδۣ忪ʼ΢
ܣһĻӰлصڣ漴һ̣˹Ƥ˼£
ѹ˲䣬΢˫۴ҵʹУڱһգͬǱݴ̡
ſڴϢ֪ǹʹۺķɣʱȶʹȾʹһЩ
Ķȷʵõģܿ죬о˲٣תֻľ޸Լǰơ
׼Ϊ֧ۺ߲񽣹ɱ˵߾ˣԸնߣԼȴҲǱ۷ɵĲᣬ񲻽˫ھʹÿһҲкҵʹд·һ̾Ҫɢܰ㡣
ֻľתľɫʥ⽻֯漴һ̣Ƕݡ
ʿˣڲҩȵ£輳ȡؼſԣʱתֻľ֣ƬռڣһûС
ʼܣʱɫ΢
ʱƬռ䣬һƬ谵ʯƮڿУ·ƬռȫûԶЩλøһ߾ߵĲʬŨûɵһ
ս
ɫ
ںʱսһЩ£ǰƬռǳƣͥٵļƬ滯ɡ
ݣԼô
ȥǰƺ뵽һУо
ǵûһ¡
£ʱ䱸ܡ
Ϊսǳ£鲼֮Ȼͨ켶ǿߣҲ֧̫ãᱻƮսе֮ĸʴ
׼߶ȶѣһˣڣֱǾ
һ̣Ƕݣ¶ɫ
ܣ֮ӿڳѹȴԿˣƺεЩϢ
⡭
ž⣬̽Ѱ֣ʱıԴз⣬ٲȻʹƬռڵ֮ѹ¡
ľıԴ֮𣿿ǣǰһЩϢǳŨĵطƺû
ü˼ջ벻ͨǲټȥ˼ǵ˷Ѿ
뿪
սٵγɣܹʮ֮࣬ȻǰԴԣʹƬռڵ֮Կʱвʱˣȷ⣬ԣѰ뿪ط·
СһǴӦò¡

֮ǰ׷ɱߵˣС̫׻ǷֿˣоƬսǲˣϾսļƬٵγɣõڡ
ʱ棬С̫Ͱ׻ַֿˣһȴǲС̫Ͱ׻ΪǺԼԿһӺǿԿһʶڵĸҲ֮ʱվָܻС̫Ͱ׻һӦûǳȫ
£ȡһЩҩҩ޸壬ͬʱһ߿ʼƬսѰҳ·
ˣʱţָͬɳҴҶȥתۼ䣬ȥ
ڣƬսУ߹˺ܶط˼ʬǣһЩطƵ֮ţ·׵ѹһ磬ȴԿƬռڣ䣬ԴһֱԣʹƬռڵ֮޷ǰ
Ȼȥ˰ʱ䣬ȴûܹҵ뿪Ƭڵ·
ҡ
ƬսѰҳһۣǰȥ
ְ֮ûҵ·һͣѰҡ
֮ǰ˵ս֯޾֮һأǣͬʱҲ̺޾ܹ֮ǣһڳأ
Ѱ뿪·ʱ뵽һ㡣


2180 ٿ
һʱ䣬ڴսУʼδѰ·Ƿˡ
뵽˷ᵽġսǾأҲǸأ޾֮һ뷨뽫Ƭսе޾֮ǣ
ֻҪܽ޾֮ǣǶĺôġ
£һʼ¡
֮ںδ

սд޾֮ǣǵ֮ȴǺѿԸӦҲ֪̺ʲôطƬսУʼ˼νƬռ̺֮
һѵ£Уһ˼ְ취һ߼ʵ顣
һط£׼ǿ̽Ѱ޹
磬ԸӦ޹
żһƱԴ⸨Ӧ޹
ֹȥһ֮ʶе߲ȡ÷Ӧ񽣻޹
󣬽ʱԹһһַϧûκá
ˣʱɿţ뵽Ƭսת۱ǰȥʱһֶνãӦ֮ͬʱҲҲ·
Ƚ˵ǣֻʣʹƬսʼպܰȫʼûܵƬսڵĿֲ֮ʴһֱ¡
֮ʱڷɿţֹȥ꣬һ죬˫ͫԼʹĸоٴۣ˫ͫиоֺ¸֣طǷ
Ĵ˫ֻۣһ˲ѣƬ谵ĴսҰУͻأı˺ܶࡣ
ҲʱıΪ֮΢䡣
ˣ
¶ϲɫ
ضһˣûκζ˫Ρ
һ̣Ƭ鲼֮ĴսУһƵĴ׹ԣޱȴ֮ڣ֮ڸѹƣ޷֮
Ȼ棬Ҫеֶ֮ͨθ첻ҪôƬռڵ֮ﵽһµĳ̶ȣѹޣʹе֮ҪôԶͨͨ켶ǿߵǿн֮ȡ
޷֮ǣѹޣʹ֮ҲûԶͨͨ켶ǿߵսȴڵ֮ΪۣɵԽ֮֮
ˣ
΢սУ翵˵һʱӿ˿˿ƵĻϡ
漴΢Щ֮ƬսеޣͬԤϵǰ㣬ʹ޶֮˵ǣ£
ֻһ˲ѣƬս֮ǰǰɭʼ
ܺã
лһĨâתֻľӿ֮ʱĳӿֻľ֮£ʼѪ⡢ǡʥʶȣʹľʱһٶΪҲһƵıǿ

桭
䣡
һƬģͥһ飬פͥǿȫ䡣
ӡԿС̫Ͱ׻طԿ̧֣ȡһƿｻ֯żŨϢ
Ҹط·߳ԶһЩ
Կ
ʱȥΪ֮ʶڸٹ̵ĸȫĨһڣ׻ָˣ۳Ѿ
ȻѾˣȴδȫָ뵱۷״̬ԶҪָ۷壬ûʱܰ쵽
ˣսȴҲ㹻ǿ֮ػһͨʮԶԶĶ֣ڣһһѰټһΪС̫Ͱ׻ȡ޾ƿʹС̫Ͱ׻䶼Ѿﵽ׼߶ȡ
죬ȥˣ
С̫վԿϣŵ
ĴԶԶδΪ̫ˣȻͥȻҪһٵҲúķѼԶʱС
һʱ߹һһ䣬ÿ춼Ѱ죬Ȼȴһֱû
Աߣ׻̾ŵġ
õģ׷ǱܣһµģǼҡ
Կο
ˣȴҲɫϾŮɷ
ԣĻԲ£
ӵͬʱҲɫ
ѽ
С̫˵СԴԿͷſ
Կؾ۳ʮȥٲȻûκСһôԿͷůܷɣǴµ԰㡣
º죬ϲˣδĸס

ս
ˣ
ۣ֮֮֯ԽԽ࣬ټĴսУ䶼֮ӿ֣ϳ۶ǰ۳һӡ
޾֮ԴԴϵӿڣʹľԼΪǷɿ


2181 ʶ
޾֮ӿӣԴԴϵӿڡ
תֻľɫʥԽ֮֯
ңͬһʱ䣬ۣΪѾ֮֮ͨϵӿټ֧˫ۣǶĸܴ
ˣ
֮ӿڣľ񲻶ΪҲǷɿ
ӿϵ֮ԽԽࡣ
ܿ죬ӱøӺ嫣Ҫһ֮Ĵ档
м䣬ΪѪҲΪ֮ĽԽԽ̣ԽԽǿ
ˣʱɿţתۼ¹ȥ
ʱȥⷽսڵ֮ûøŨˣи֮ڲϴӿ
ͬʱһ죬˫ۣΪﵽ׾жβΡ
죡
̧ͷƬսбñ֮ǰӻ֮һĨտտľâ
漴һ̣ٴα˫ֻۣľתĸӿ٣ӿ֮
һʱ䣬Իľɫʥԣø貣ʮ
ˣʱţת¹ȥƬռ֮ϡ˲١
ͬʱҲһ죬Ƭս𶯣ͻ谵Ŀռ䣬ͻأøӻ谵һ˵ƬսиֶһһѪɫ磬ÿһѪɫ綼·һͷصŭ㡣
ˣ
ҪһУǾ޴ڣϢǵض¡
Ƭսڣһʯɳ֯ϵ֮Ҳ˱û
Ҳʱ˫ۣâ֮⽻̧֯ͷС
˸µʱ䣬ֻľƬսе޾֮һ죬̤켶߶ȡ
׷ʹѹ¡
ˣ
һ쳹˻ģսɵΪ֮ζռƬ顣
ⳡ׷ģŲϲ˸ŵѪɫܹĸоӵĻ֮ж£Ȼϵıȴûκα仯

֮ڣôһ֡
۵֮ƺĳִ־ƣһ̶ը죬󣬵һ׷ѹ£ƺˡ
һֱҵѪɫ֮ͨ£˿ɵ
ӭ׷ûκζĶ̧֣򵥵һȭӭȥ
һһȭȵĺ׹ײһ֮ɢ

Уٴοڡ
Ѿ̤߶ȣһ޴ʱ䣬ͨͨ켶ǿ߲٣һ׷ӦȻǺס
ŲϵĹֺ󣬽ɵȡ˳
ɵԺ쾧ɣΪıԴδж϶Ĵ
ˣ
񷱬ڶ׷ѹ¡
һƬɽÿһɽЩţȫѪɫ۶ɣΩΩФʵŵİ㡣
콫ɵӭϣڵȻԵ׷֮оܴĥϴ
漴н֯â˶٣ԼκηҲκιֱӿѹµɽڡ
䣡
׷תۼ佫ɵһûһʱɵ󣬽ãѪˮĽ
΢Ϣֻľתڵ֮ͬʱɵ

Ųϵ
ĥɵͬʱʱҲԵ֮ĥԼⲻֿ׼յĻ׷ǣʹǱøǿ
ңֻǶѣ׷ϴ֮£Ҳøǿ
¡
֮ϣ죬׷ѹ䡣
󣬵֣֡֡һһֵ׷ϴӲѹ¡
ܿ죬ʮ׷ȥ첻κεֵĳ׷֮αǻ׷֮壬ʹڶʱǿ
ʱ򣬵ʮһ׷ѹٲֵȥˣֻضڵһתʼȥѹ
ɵûйܣڸµвϾĥ
ɵ٣ΪıԴԺ쾧ɣ£ֻҪɵһֱڣԶԶǿˣڲɱǰ½ɵ٣ǿĨɵıԴϵ
ǵȴڣҲǱ߳󾳽С
켶׷Ȼûдﵽǵȳ̶ȵĿֲ
䣡
׹
ת۶ѣʮ׷ȥʮ׷ӦжһӰ֣ʹͷʿжϱ۵飬ʧĿѪӰԽֲ֯ϢҪһ㡣


2182 µĻ
ʮ׷ѹ£ܹоⳡٵһ׷ˡ
һ׷ôϤһδ٣һ׷ģ׷һ㲻䣬ֻǻҪһαһǿ
ʹɵü۴ĸ濴ⶼǺܲѰ
ˣ
𶯣УһܼӰʣѹ¡
ʹͷʿϱ۵飬ʧĿѪӰǽ۶ɣʵŵİ㣬ʲô飬Ϣš
һ׷ʹǿ죬Ҳɵһɾ޴ѹ
һ̫壬ֻضǿʮսȿһ̶֮͵ʱͬʱת
һֱ̣չ۷սֶӭӰ
䣡
䣡
䣡
Ӱܶ࣬볯̫壬ԸִһһӰ飬ȴµӰиѹ
ˣ
˵У죬𶯰˻ġ
ټĴսΪ֮һѺۡ
ͬʱϣУܼӰͬʱһĻֶǺг¥С
һƬãĴأиߴħ֫ϡ
ǣ
һ߷һӰһ߿еȻ棬ɫ
֪⻭ʲô֪γֵģǣȻֻͨȻ棬ҲܸӦеħĿֲһͨ켶ǿߡ
ȻǵȻУһȺǿȴȻڱūۣ
𺳣
⻭棬ʵʵǣõж£
ʲôĵطʲôʲôĴڣܹϺūһȺħ
ˣ
оһ̶ĺսҪ̮
ӰӿżֲĻϢš
ͬʱ֮ڣĻ潥ģʹɢ
ǵǡ
Ǵž⣬ʵǸղǵȻ̫ˡ
ˣ
Уһ̶Ӱӿ
ңʱлӰŵĻϢø¡
쵱Լʱȥ֮ǰĻ棬ʼȫͶɽС
䣡
̫壬ֻľתֻضתҲһתгӰ棬һӰ
ˣһۣʱȥ
ʱһӰ飬ϵΪ֮͵һ
漴пʼɢȥԵϢʧת۲١
켶췣ʹɢȥ
ˣ
ϣɢȥһ߲Ƹֶ֯ޱŨΰͷϿգ³ƬƬ߲ɫԣס
ȱӿڣʹɽɵƶʱɿĿʼϡ
Ȼ֪ȱԵķǷתֻľȱԣ֮ԼѪ⣬ͬʱҲ֮ȹԼ켶Ϊ
ˣܿǰʱȥ߲ɫƳʧ߲ʱʧ
⣬ıԽ֯ţȶ쾳ϣǼ᲻ɴݣͨͨ켶ǿߣּ֮
ңøǿˣڵʥޱߣ·Զݽ߰㡣
ã
вɵý֯һĨâ
ոս켶Σǣʣټ֮׷ǿж꣬԰ٷ֮ţ֮ͨ£ûĶ֡
漴Աߣּ䣬ƬɫץɵĺƬ֮£ܿһʹɵ˳
ʱɵϵӡӶˣȻȻɢһٰϢգΪ⣬ƿѹһС
ʹԵͷһһε׷ɵдĥϴӣڱĳɳǳ⡣켶εɵײ֮£ƲһЩͨͨ켶
˶٣һɵ뵽ڣ֮ǰĻ档
ʵͶӰõĻ棿
ü
ͨͨ켶ǿߵħūūۣǻ̫ˡ
սһƬ谵վԭ˼֮ǰĻ棬ϧȴ벻Ȼ޷ȷǾǲʵġ
ȷֻһ㣬ǱǣǻʵôϺūǵħڣ¾ǿ֮ػһ壬ҲԶԶ޷ȡ


2183 ж
еĻ̫ˣʹþƽ
˼Ƿʵԣȴȷǽȥ롣
ԹԵҡҡͷ´Ƭս
֮Ƭսøӵưܣ֮ܵ࣬ԣȴɷǳˣǳĻ
ܹ϶ȵ֮ϣ֮ΪҲܹﵽжΣɴﵽ쾡ͷ
£ûԥԭؾ£ֻľתЩ֮
ˣ
ֻľת⣬ɫʥԽ֯ԽԽ財
侫һƵΪҲ
սУ֮ԴԴϵĴӸλӿӿڡ
֮Ϊͬʱʱ֮ʹݻƬ磬ʹ֮ɳ
ˣ
֮ڣһɽ֮ӿøӵͦΰڵܱøӳ㣬Ҳø嫡
һƬʵĴ磬ӵзǷܣ׳սҲдãδĴսУܷӳǿЧ
ˣƬսУһЩ֮һ֮ݻڵ磬һ۱ʱȥ
ºһ죬Ƭսе֮ڱϣռ±ɭɭŨЩԵЩɭ䡣
Ҳһ죬˫ۣâһûĿռ䶼Ť
жΡ
Ƭսе֮ΪﵽжβΣң嫵֮ڵԳɳ˺ܶ࣬ǿٱ
վ磬ԸӦԼʵеͷ
ڲʹۺ߲񽣵£ȫһսãܺͨͨ켶ǿ߶ݿ⡣
ȻֻܶݵĿѣҪɱͨ켶ĴڣǺͨ켶ڳʱĽ棬ٲȻǲܵ£Ͼ켶ͨ켶֮ս໹Ƿǳ޴ģǿֻ壬Ҳļ֮жξܺͨ켶ǿ߳ʱսǻɱͨ켶ǿߡ
ˣˣͦá

оƬսУ޾֮켺õĺô̫ˣһ󾳽Ϊɵúķǧꡣ
ͬʱ뵽ԿʼһֱܺãѰַǷĵر䣬ѵΪ۵Եʣһֱ޷˻ԣԲʹ˺Ϻܶ౶
ô˼ãȻЩޣȴļпܡ
ۣˣ˵ô˫ۣ
Щɻ
֮ǰԿռֱֻͫۡʱۺۣ˵ֻ壬Ӧֻ۲Ŷԣôۣ
뵽⣬ԽӵľɻúܹŹ֣òЩ
˼ȴ벻ͨ
ˡ
ʮҡҡͷȥ롣
Ͼ£ʵͨңⲢʲô¡ۣչǿ֮ͫһԶԶԽ
ٴδƬս֮Ѿȫǣ꣬ʱѰ뿪ط·ˡ
£켶׼ͨһ·ϧȴ޹ƺҪͨ켶ܹõ
˵ôսģγȥģ
ͻȻЩ档
սڵǰڵκδУҪս뿪սҪͨ켶ɵ˶δﵽͨ켶߶ȱǽ˴ս뿪˴սúɻ
ɻܿҲɢȥˣϾЩ˿ɶѰˣǹᣬԱ˸ǲ˵ǿĵӣǵ޵дڵĵӣһЩȥ޷£ֵþȡ
ҡҡͷȥ̽Ѱܷҵ·
һ¹ȥ޹
ֻеٿۣ򻽳񽣣뿪ˡ

֮ܵ켶Ϊʩչɱͨͨ켶ǿ߶նһ򵥣߲ǺǿһܻҲܻɱͨ켶ǿߣʩչ׵뿪Ƭս
ۻ߲񽣣񶼲ƿأҪȵʵʱС
һʱ䣬ԭأ뵽һ¡
ãٿ˫ۻ򻽳Ǳǰݴʺϼ



2184 
һٶǰ촴ԼĺĹžֻľǣԹսͨȴǻδʹŷ˵Ȼһʼ̫ҲֻľϣЩ覴ãҪơ
ʱ޷ٿ߲Ҳڶʱڻ֮ǰƬսУݿԼֻľϵͨպгɳŷǳҪãϾҪ̤ǿ֣֮Ͳһֱʹñ˵ԼǱزȱġ
뵽һ㣬ж磬ȡ
ųǻ֦֮ҶϽԽ֯һ䣬ȻɣԣڵǰȴĹУȻмá
ȡƬԭܻ谵Ĵսʱ˲ٹԡ
ңϵ֮ʼʹ첻ɵЩ졣
غʥ

Ȼܾаǰǲ֪
һ룬ӵǱڳʥ͹һаˣܾаҲں
ôţܿԼƽ¿ʼ
ˣ
ֻľת̫ʱ
̫Դһڷʥڷŷǳ˵
ڿֻľ֮ǰֻľϣԣʱ׼ȶ̫дĥʹ֮ƥֻľ֮ʩչ˳֮ܶ࣬Ҳһ̨ס
̫𣬽֮֯ͼ֣תֻľǿ켶Ӧʥת仯֮һһı䡣
ˣ
⣬ɫʥԺâӦ̫ʱʱΪ֮ҵĻζ
ͬʱУҡҷԣʹþµޱȣԴԴϵԺ̫ݱǳ˳
ˣһۣһ¹ȥ
һº⣬ԭ֯ڰ׶ɫ̫˱仯ɫֳ˾ɫұøӵľӨȶ
ã
лһĨâһµʱ䣬£̫Ըƣֻľޱȵϡ
Ҳ£ֻ򡣡

Ϊһ㣬һὲֱӣȻֻ壬ôĹžǾͶֻֻֻܽӵ¡
ֻľתţֻҲţγһֱľɫʥȦ˫Թơ
ֻţֽ֮иƣֱչ󣬲ǽ֮

н֯âˣ֮ǻʣ¹ͨԼ
Ⱦõڹõкܶ࣬룬ȭͽ
ǿ壬Ǽ᲻ɴݣʺϽսͬʱ˵ԸҲϲϲֽսĸоһȭһս¡
һȿȭ
Ӵٵȭһʼͨ似ȭٵõĻȭԼ;Ϊ˴ʱĺܶȭͨʱһһʥʽӡϣȭʽıãһһԺ
վ£һȭԺи֣˫ָŻңʥȻȻҲ˫ֵĻʼݱ䡣
ؼ䣬κͨתʽ֡
£һȭ˼ǵʥת·ߣȡȥӣټֻľݻڵʥһһεĸı䣬˫ֻĹ켣Ҳһһαãʱ籧ɽ£ʱ̽ʱϬӥ
ʱ䣬һţ΢˫ۣ´ȭһ¹ȥ
ºȭƴң˳ԼһĹ켣˫ֻ䣬ʱʱ֮ʮ
һۣһ¹ȥ
һºȭ·ˣȭʽͨˣȻȭȴǸˡ
䣡
ɱۣ򵥻һȭʮռΪ֮ͬһʥı죬ͬһ׷Ҫ٣͸¶һӿ񱩺Ϳԣ˻ġ
ܣռһƬƬѣԳʱȭƣΪ֮ҡ
Դˣƺûи֪˫ȭڻȭԽӿ
Լ䣬󸡳һģӰڱѣҽ
ܿ죬תһ¹ȥһ죬ȭȭͷͻأ΢ֱ۳һЩѺۣѪˮʵǵȭƹڰԵʱ˵˼
Ҳʱת
ɹֻһ˿ˡ



2185 ֻȭֻؽ
ȭֱ۱ѣΪݵȭ̫Եһʱ䣬ǵȰԵ֮컹ƿأȱݣԣԼȭƵİԵ˵˼
Ⲣʲô⣬Զ˶٣Ǽʼȭݡ
ֻľת˫ֻ֮һһʽø˳ƸӳȣԼһſŹϵĴǸɽӡ
ͬʱֱѵĲֻ֣ľת֮޸תۼȬһ绡֯ȭ͵졣
䣡
ʮռ𶯣ȭйһһ֣ʥʽת䣬ʹȭɢȭԽԽͬʱҲԽӵĳͬһʼǰ㣬ԵȭҲˡ
ˣʱһΣȥ
ʱ䣬ȭһֱͣ£ȭбãȭƲϳɳ
һȭӳʮͷ֣쳤Хããա
ڶȭӳһſͬʵĴǸ֣ŵȭѹϣȵƺţһǿ۶ȭƶǰ
ӳȭһȱĩڽٰ㡣
ȭ
ȭ
ȭ
Ƭսһδλȭ𶯣ռƬƬĴ̮
˫ħأÿһȭӳƿ׻硣

֦Ҷ֮ϽԱ鲼䣬ĻȭסΪ֮ҡҷ
ʥϣʹƱøӵĳȡ
ͬʱҲӵĿͰԵ
ˣתǰȥ
ְһ죬ͣټȭ
ֻȭ
΢ΪȭӶϵĿռǶƬƬ
ȭֹŷһһ֣ȡȥӣ󲻶ϵݣǰķ˴ʱ䣬һԼȭȡֻȭֻľȫϣֻܷӵµȭ
Դˣ⣬Ĺžֻľֻ򣬹ҲֻȭҲרֻնЩԼݴԼֻرԴֻľܽǱͷš
ݽ

ûͣЪֻȭģ£ʼԼĽ
֮һǣΪ֮ϲϲӽĸо
һǣʶһ񽣣ӵĪδȫϵĽ񽣣ضܽս󻯼
£ֻͬȭһ㣬ʼݽ
̤·֮ͽӴķ̫ˣԽһͨӴ࣬˵н磬Խ֮һΪࡣ
¸ӴལǼǵʥĸ׶ŶãͬʱԼĸʥ񽣣һڽʥĸתһ߻Ӷʽ
Ҫٿ죬ҪҪʱʱϵĽ
ʱ䣬š
һΣ¹ȥ
ʱԽӣԽԽ˳
ﬣ
죬ʮռ䣬һһѺ۸ռסĻ
ϣʱʱʥ۵Ľи֣־ɫ
һϵʥ⽣ɲǼǽļʯᴩķ飬ܱͬߵҲΪ֮ǽٶȻܶǿĺˡ
⣬δﵽҪûͣ£˫΢ţͬΰ¼ʱƣɢĽƱԽԽ
ڣʥʽڲϱ仯ʱʱϽӡʹڵʥԸ˳ٶȺͽâĽԵһƵǿ
һۣһʱȥ
һһ죬ɢĽﵽһΪ˵ĸ߶ȣֻһн⸡ת۽ʮһʯ飬𶯳һ˵ĺڶ
˽٣˽νǺܺˣ˿ͨͨǿҲҪݡ
ﬣ
ڣ߲ϼʶе߲Ϊ֮𶯣ƺǶ˿ĽһЩӦ
еһĨâһ߲񽣴ʶл
߲ʽâ֮֯⣬֮Ʊ鲼⣬ӵܡ
춯ҵĸоһǴˡе߲񽣣еľâŨֻؽ
һʱ䣬һ죬ڴԼĽ֮ͨ
߲񽣣ããĲ񷣬ֻؽתֱһ
˵һɲǼ˲񷣬ʹ︡һ޴ĿռŻ


2186 ʮ
ռŻʣ֯ԡ
߲ûʶ쿴ſռŻһֽ硣
뿪ʱˡ
ɨƬսתûռŻ֮ڡ
˲䣬Ұû谵ûռŻʧս
󣬲֪˶ã谵ҰУǰһ˿ռŻڵһɴ𶯣˳ȥ²ʵʵϡ
ȥɽʣޱȵŨ൱

ҽԲԶмźŨѪζȥǸطųȺʿһȺͥеսףһЩ˵ȴǸֻͬ࣬ôʮ˶ѣгƬѪˮȻ֮ǰѾˡ
棬һˡ

ͥһ콫Ƭɱʣ档
ԴˣҲ⣬֮ǰ߲񽣣ӳһǽŸӦϢնԣռŻͷȻ档
ⳡ𣬻ã

оսʱѾȥһٶ꣬һٶ»ص棬ĴڳУ˵徿жý
ţǱ߻վһࡣ
նˡ
Զͥһ콫죬˳
һʥǿߣϢܻ񣬱ͨʥǿǿܶࡣ
ֻת۶ѣǰûκλֱһն¡
ûʲôӦʱƬƺûпˡ
֮ػһϢ΢΢˫ۣһ壬Ƭ磬
ҲʱʥĽâ䵽ͷ
ͣ
ûʲôӦĿƬѹ䵽ͷĽâб飬漴һȦεʥΪ֮۵һֵʥʿ
ǣ
ô£
ԶһȺ콫ǿһĻɵΪ֮ݣǸղûп춯֣Ȼ췢𹥻ʥȴԼˡ
Ǽ֮ն
Ⱥ콫аˣǿߴʥ۷壬ʱýطʮͥն⣬ͬʱ˹ɱƬѹ䡣
쿴Ƭ򣬼һ˲޾Զʧԭء
ͬʱڣƬĽ⸡ת۽һ콫ȫնķ飬ڵһʱ
֮Ƭһɽ䣬һռŻ֣п
¡
ɽΡ룬ľȺȥʮ˾ǰһƬؼ俪ʲôһ۾Ϳһʮ꣬ͨ廷ɫʥԡ
Ա߻ʮˣ켶磬ޱƽͨΡ
ĿֱǱʮϣǰȥ
ʲô
ǸӦط֮ػһԱϢϵʱ򿴵Щ˾طƺʲô£ֱʵȫʲô
طʮ˽ԲΪ׵ʮ꣬Ϣǳ·һͷ˯еĻޣֻǿž͸һޱ˵ĸоȻĿʱֱֱϣǶݡ
ֻ壡
ʮ֮ػһȻݲףֱӱϳ졣
ʲô
ǡֻ壿
طһ켶ǿ߽Ƕݡ
ǿʣȫǴʮĻзŵ֪ҲʮĻϾԷ֮ػһһˣֻС벽̤ͨ쾳Σ֮ػһĵλ֪ͣ£ԷʱȻֻ壬ǾͱȻǲ١
£Щ붯켶ʥ֯תۼ佫ΧҪ֣׼ѹ
ֻ壬¹ش
£
Įʮ꿪ڡ
ʮ켶ڶݣ¶Ǻˣǣˣ
ʵҪѹǰˣȻǺ׵¡
ĿϣĮ˿˿Ƶľâ֣ϾǰĿֻ壬ԶһʡȻоâȴǲûмɵֻǶЩѣ˵еʣѹ㣬ڵĳǣҲǴһڵЩǵܸߡ
˵ĻͻأֹסΪ쾹ͻأĳǰ
ȫûƶġ
㡭
ž
ֱ̧֣һڶԷϣԷգڵϷһ죬ʹõرֱҳһδӣɳµĽ
漴Ž䣬ڶԷҪվʱһڶԷš
һͷѵֱӴ


2187 Ѫʯ
ֻ壡
ڽ£֮ػһΪʮŭɱ
֮ػһΪѾﵽ쾡ͷȴ㱻һƺڽ£ܻһ콫ڿţ˷ŭ
ԣǾ޴裡
䣡
ͨʥ𶯣ʥԳмΪ˵ɱ˳һɹ쫷磬ҪƷȥվ
ؿڣ鵭ĮԷ𶯳ļ޾ɱʥϿӿȻȴ˵һһ
һٶʱ䣬ڴսȹһٶ꣬ΪﵽеȲΣԼͨսȻͨͨ켶ǿҲһս֮ػһĵȻǿȣȴǲ̫Զˡ
ؿڣ΢һ̼Է޾ʥԣйͷѵ˳
̲סһƺøӷŭɱøŨĴ߶ʥҪĽѳ
ͬʱطʮ켶ǿ߸Ϊ֮ݣһĵ񣬾ڽ£ȥȫûз
һ̣Щ˽ǻعûκԥ볯ȥ
࣬ſ
Ķ
Щ屻ԴΪݿǺܸߣ˶ʱ֣ͨطԴԴϵĳѹ£Ҫȳ
쿴Щһۣһ̣ȻȻĹ֮â֣֯ɫڸֶһ˲ǳնٶȿĽԲ׽âĹ켣תۼʮ켶ǿߵüĴʮʺѪˮ
۵ģʮǿըͬһʱ
һĻʹ嶼סˣ̲סһ¡
ߵʮǿߣɶ۷壬ȻʮˣȻ˲ͱȫĨɱˡ
ҪǣУ۶δЩһۣҲûκζƺֻƾż򵥵һЩâ˲ɱʮˡ
Ǻεս
һ̣¿죬֮ػһĵЩסˣǴ˵еǿʣΪȻս
ս켶ʿܹӵУ
ˣû˵ʲôֱӼһƱԴûԷʶУѰԷطʲôһʮȥӶԷʶе֪ЩطһѪʯ󣬶Ѫʯ֮ػһлơͼĺģÿͼķѼѪʯ
ǵɷģѪʯȱͼˣ
üͷ΢
֮ػһͼȻ֪ۼֻǰƷʱͷǳֲһŰƷͼɢϢͱһʮǿ߻Ҫ£ǵɷȫƳɹˣƣõжô£
£壬תһƵһֻӿطĵصӿȥܿڵص˳ƬѪɫʯ֯ŷǳ˵ɷ·ܽͨ켶ǿ߶ʴһ㣬һǿĵš
н֯΢⣺ѪʯղţЩƳѪʯĵ磿
䣡
ͻȻһ˵ĺ𣬱ڽŵ׵壬ʱһӡ
Ͻ֯䣬ʼһֱɢͨѹ
ʣһͨ켶ı
ǲǿ󣡿ϧվ켶Ϊѣ忪ڣɭ߶ͨ켶ƺƵѹ죺İĽţƿ
ƶĿ⣬ͨ켶ӣֱһ¡

һ죬Ӵ𣬱ֱӳɳȥ˰ٶԶ
㣡
ɫ䣬쾡ͷΪͨ챦㱻ķˣ
ӿĽ˻Ĺͷȫȶϣʹ̲סֱӲҽС
ͬʱһû˵ʶУܿ̽ѰĶ
Ѫʯ󣬾ʮ֮࣬ĿǰڿУСһ
лһĨ⡣
󣬶һ˲һѽԶͨ챦ץأֱĨϵʶӡ漴ֻնڽµ飬ֱĨɱ
ʮѪʯ󣬱ȥٵ˳Ŀɣ
֮ػһͼ̫£ǵɱɷĲϣûٵ
ȫٵܻٵپͻٵ٣ΪһõѪʯԽ࣬ƳͼͻԽ࣬ͥδսԻǳҪ̶ȵıһͼǵȺġ
˶٣طص׵Ѫʯתӿʱʱʱ䣬طĵص֮²һھ޴󣬶󣬽ص֮µѪʯǵȵһ׻ٵ
Ƭ粻ԶһƬڣҲһѪʯȥ
ֱ֣˺һŻУú󣬳һƬ硣
ﬣ
Ƭһ˲䣬ޱĽХʹǸ񷶼Ϊ֮𶯣޾Ʋ˲ϢɢϤϢﴫ


2188 콣
򶫱λõƣоﴫϤϢ첻ɵöݡ
λǰƬ磿
ǶٶȺܿ죬ֱӳƬĶλöȥ
֮ûȥãһƬɽ⣬ȥǰɽ룬ÿһǹͺͺģκֲʮΧһӡ
ʮ⽻֯ͨ켶ѹͥеķΣͥʱʮΧӣʥͬɱϯʮ
޳ϻޱ߽âʮΧȵĮǽٷ¡
Ȼλǰ
лһĨɫӣȻʮ֮һ
ԶԶĿŰ𣬶Էһʮͨ켶ͥϵĽ·һ㣬նգնʥʮĺȫãңʱʱˣѪˮűŽϣкŨѪζƮڿС
ͨ쾳
ƬսʱڰϸӦͨ켶ѹ
ʱһٶʱ䣬Էӵ쾳ͷ̤뵽ͨ쾳ڡ
ַ֣ɽĵʮʬѪˮȾƬĵ棬вʬͨ켶ѹţңȱķκʮһ¡
ʹ̲סǶݣʮ߲ʬǰԶͨ켶ǿߣңͥͨ켶ǵʣǱɱ
뵽һ棬ǰǱϰٵͥΧʱѾʮնɱ
ٴ𣬶ԷϾһѪҲûУ˵ѪûһΡ
սڣٵͥΧĨɱʮˣδܵˣõ˵ѪմȾ
ǿ
̲ס
Ҫ֪ͥɸǿûһ֮ȻһԽٵȼĴڣȴնʮˣս̫ˡ
棬ĵӣ
ľʱΪδϢɽڣֱӿ˹㿴Ϊ֮΢
ͬʱʮȻҲ˿ǳ߿˹
ֻ壡
ʮ˵¶â
ﵽжΣֻľ£ȻͥǵȼˣҲԿֻ塣
ʮ˵ʵԶûͥĹǿ󣬵ǣΪͥȴҲǶգֻ£Щѱֻ֪֪Ҳ֪Ϊֻòԣʱط죬Ȼǵһʱ˳ֻ塣
ǺʥҲĵĲˣѾû̫вȥѹֻ壬ٺҲѹǶ⣬дֵ
һ˵˹ȥ
ֻ壬ͥԣǽɣ֮صѹҪŴء
ЩҲѾ֪ԷĵӣֵҲǷǳֻҪܹѹ¶Էͥʸ֮ػһ壬һԻдʹ͡
ٶȺܿ죬һƿת۱Ǳƽ֮⡣
ﬣ
Х̶һɫĽâ۵һ˺׹ᴩ
ɲǶѣ˽סˣе֮ɿţתۼʧӰ٣ֱӴ£ڵϺ󷢳һ죬ɳ
һ
¶â
а콣ʱȻϳһΪ콣еһʥǳ¡
˶٣ֿһЩǱǣһ֪һٲȻһЩãЩԵһӻԱҪǿ˺ܶ౶
ǣҲͲµˣЩ䣬ضж콣зĴĥʹ֮õ
ܿͺá

ǣǰ
عͷȻ֪仰Ƕ˵ġ
µɲǣǰ⣬ͻأ䱩ǣһ˵ɽ˰㣬ƥĽֱⷽأ
㡭
ʮʱɫԭΪʥҪɿˣ֧Ų̫ãǺѹ¶Էȴǲ룬һ̣ɢϢȻ֮ǰǿˡ
ʵ
һ˾ŭ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲľѹʵЩˣ
ҲʱˣһԵʥһ졣
ʮŭͬʱҲΪ֮㤣ȫ⡣
䣡
ﬣ
ʥϯƬռ䣬ϵưܱ顣
ܿ죬һʱȥطüž
ʮȫն
ǿ
첻ɵǶݣ̲ס˿


2189 ǵһ
ٵͨ켶㱻һȫնɱңδδõ˵ѪԼһΣսʵˡ
ܿҲƽϾĵӡ
Ҳʱ򣬰Ǳ˹
еĺܿ졣
죬лһĨ΢⡣
ںֿʱŸո̤ʥΣʥ𾳵һ죬һٶѣȴѾǴﵽжΣٶȣܾˡ
ЩԵôֿڣˣǰͥʮѪʯһɷĺġ
򵥽ѪʯԼͼµ
󣬳ԤϣѾ֪ǵ£֮ƬڣһƬڵѪʯңѾٵˡ
֮ǰЩͨ켶ǸƬѪʯһȺͥǿߣΪѪʯɱձȫĨɱ
ãͬС𿪿ڣ⸽һЩѪ󡣡
õǰ
ͷ
⸽һƬڣһЩѪȻ֪뿪Ƭ磬ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬֮󣬲ûлѶʱǳһƬڡ
ƬڣһѪ
ͰƬ磬֪ƬڵѪڣȥܿһƬɫĵ⡣
ȥǰܿտرûֲ̫żܿһЩϡľ
ͰֱӳɫĵĶȥ
󣬺ܿ죬ĵĴ
ǰһٶӰȴΪ׵һʮ⣬ȫͨ켶ĴڣѹǺܾˡ
ʮ֮꣬ػһʿˣͥ
ˣȴʮ⣬˶ڶֶ֣ƽʲô
ͥ

һ·ԽԽоͥĿ£֮ͥ⣬Ҫһͨ켶ǿߣ˵ѣ֮٣ͬ졢סʥʥȾʿ֮ͥ⣬ǲ࣬ȻЩǿߣͥȴ̫ˣˡ
˵Щͨ켶ǿߡ켶ǿߡ׼ǿߡʥǿߺʥǿߣĸ磬ͥӶ࣬ռ˾ųϡ
µʱǰʮȻȻǷͰӽһ
ֻ壡Сĵӣ
ˣͥڵݶֻ֪ͣ£Ҳ֪Ϊĵӣ˿̼ͰͻȻǶݡ
ʮĮĿӰɨϡ
ͨ죬졣˿ڣһ˲󣬳ͰȥͬʱԸǽܷĪ롣
ˣҪһԸǣݣһ˵ʧ񣬴ʾΪһ쾳ֻ壬Դ쾡ͷʵѹɣɡ˶˶٣𣬵ˣѾͨΣңǸĵӣʵϣ£¡
ʮǿ֪ȴվֻ켶𣬺ͨǿ߻Ŵģʤùͨǿߣͨ죬̫ˡ
ǴУʮĻԷΪ֮ػһһһˣһעأǶԷиʲôʧǶһ
ԣʱ򣬼ʮҪһԸͰ𣬰˶Ǻܵǡ
޷֪ǵ˼Ϊʮûͣ£ɵĮɨ۰𣺡ӣͨ켶ڵսȷʵʤҪʤңҲûôףһҾòʱٶѹסܼɡ
ԣȻͷ
ǣ
£Զͨ켶ʥֱܽ֯ӽʮռס
汳ʮƽĳͰȥƽĿ⵭ĮһƵʥ⽻֯Ϣ
Ͱ̬νʮֵͨ켶Ӱ˿Ҳɵĥ¼սĶ󣬶켶ǿ壬ȫû⡣
쿴ûʲô仯
һ̣ˣ򵥵ĳǰһ˲Ϣǳǰ
浱ݣʱٶȾסˣӲɵһ㡭
һ㡱ָճڣĻǱˣֱ̧ѹϣһһѽԷѹڵϣͷ­ȽӴһֱӽرķѣɳ
Ϊһһһ˵ʵƽһͿ


2190 ðݵĽ
֮ػһһһˣһͱڵأ˱ɫ
ǿҲ΢⣬лһĨ⡣
֮ǰɢϢܸоĲףȻͨ켶ʲôҲ㲻ϣͨ쾳֮£ȴǾԵĺǿȻʱȴ˲佫ңУûɢһǿϢٲȻֻһԶĶˣ˵ʵԶԶ棬죬ȫûκεĿɱԡ


汻찴ѹڵأŵĮʱʧˣ˳˷ŭ
࣡
һʥⱩǣʥƵƥɱһһ
ɱˣƿһС
Ȼ죬ȴӰ졣
ʧ
ִƮֻؽâ£־ɫֱɱ⣬۵һԷͷ­飬ͬ壬Ҳһ١
ϣֻʣһͷĲʬ
󡭡ˣ
ôô᣿
ܵİͨ켶ǿɫȫ䣬
ǰһĵһ𣬾ôɱˣһ˲ͱĨɱ
һߣһĨâΪǿʵݣΪ֮ǰ֯ľɫâݡ
ɫʥɫâһμǲ콣µĽǵȽâӵĽƣԽ˶Ϊ֮ݡ
۽ƣͬʩչã췽ŵĽǿ
ǸоϵϢ˺ܶ࣬ɢŵĺʦֵƵĹžϢ̫̫࣬һµĹžϢ档
Լ¹ž
н֯â˲³˺ܶࡣ

ŭʱܵİŭ㣬ȫˣͬʱɱȥ
֮ػһĵһ𣬾ôɱǶӲ˸ϵһ֪ǺѴ
ʱǿ죬ŭ۾ˣɱ棬ǵҲ˾·
ﬣ
â̶졣
ɫâ죬ϯ˻ģڴʱּ֣䣬â졣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ͬʱ䱻ȽˣᴩѪˮա
ʦֵƿأΪʦֵܶԻٵѪȥ𿪿ڣǣ
Ż䣬ʮռ򽣴ͥͬʱ֡
õǰ
ͷȻ֪˵
ˣͷɵ΢뵽һ㣬ĵӣ
£ûͣ£תһƵӿ
ԼֻľԼķɱǾ˵ʱûзϵƿš
ˣ
ƽ֯Ϊĳŵص֮ӣܿ죬о˵ص֮µѪ󣬱֮ǰٵѪҪϺܶ౶ɷ֮Ũ˼
Ѫ⣬ĵ磬ܼ̣ʼڵ¹ֻҪһɣΪԴ߶׵ĻٵѪʯ
Ͼ𿪲ɶԣҪ
룡
ʩҪѪʯ󣬵˳˹ȥ
һĵһǰɱܻϣѾСٻϣֻ֮Ҫѹ죬ѹ˰ӣڵѪʯһ嵱ܻһ棬ǽ۹ɱǡ
콫ѪʯҲٵǿɾˣɡ

𿪿ڣĮ콣âء
ĽâƵ˱ȫѹȽ֮ڣûһͻƳȥ

ŭ𣬷ĹɱҪȥֹʩƻѪ
鵭Į콣âϣ˫ʥ£һٶͥΧްܼھԵϷ
һʩƹһ߿Űͥսн֯һƵľâٴΪԷǿ
ϣԶԶ޷ЩͥȣȻսϣȴԶԶǿЩͥһ߶ȡ
ĿŰ棬Ȳεսǰ˵սõģۿսЩ
ܿ죬ʱһΣʱȥ
ʱʱ䣬ͥ棬նʮˣʱȱȫϡ

ֽӡʱƵĻ⡣


2191 񽣣ն
ѳɣӡâ󱬷֮˳
ԿѪɫѪʯڲϱ١
ֻգ۶ѣ֮£طѪʯ󳹵ױ١
ûһѪʯ

ͥطʣʮһĻɵΪ֮ŭ
죬ǰɱ֮ػһһһˣǽطѪʯٵ£ǽȫû·һŹǡ
ɱ
Щ˱ŭˣ𣬷ĳȥһûѹʸһ壬ʱһֻŽɱԽͷޡ
Ǵʱͬһʱ䣬ԶпռŻһ߿˳
һߣһͷڷϢޱȵ
һط˶Ƕݡ
ͥ棡Ǹˣ
쵱΢
ߣȻںڵǾŸ֮ͥһ
ԶлһĨâĿڷϡ
ˣ
Ѫ󣬱ֻٵˣ񡭡ˣҲɱˡ
֣߳ʮֹס˳ȥĲ
ڷطȻһ۾Ϳ죬Ҳ˲ԶİԭĮԵúƽʱʮɫ
ʲô
طѪʯ󱻻٣ⲻһСˣ汻ɱ㲻ʲô֪Ǹ棬ǿ֮ػһһһˣһĿغڴǱޣ񣬾Ȼطɱˣ
һ£ڣ汻ɱ£Ѿһ֪ˡ
һ壬Իᱩŭģ
ôĹ
ڷߺ죬ӡ
ԭֻǴƬԱ߾Ҫ磬ڸӦϤϢǿУ֣ȻңٵƬڿڵѪʯ󣬾ǽǸɱˡ
£ֱӶˣʥһʱӿƺƵѹ졣
Զ΢ڷߡ
Ȼǿվֻζѣܵסڷ漶Ĵڣ⣬ŶԷ춯֡
ȥ
֮ǰʮʱͬʱ𣬽¡

ӱ䣬һ𣬽ʮɡ
ֻǣʮʱΪɱٵѪʯ󡱵¶۾ˣڱ֮ת۱վ¹
ֻ뿴챻ѹ
ȻǿӭʮһʱȴͻƳȥ
Ҳʱڷѹǰ֯ʥĴֱ֣ӳѹ¡
ûѹ㣬գ㲻ôõ

ʥѹ䣬ʮ
ӭˣоޱȾ޴ѹ嶼ʼʹ
Ȼı飬ȴûһ˿һı仯
ܺãһΣҪʧʧ
Ц
Ż䣬וּһڴһĨ߲ʽâüĻ
âܿ죬ˡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽڷץֱնϡ
߲ʶлػսǰ·նһС
ˣ
ԶŰʮһĻɫ
ǵĹ棬ʵԶǣ˿̶ѹ죬ԭΪת˲ͻᱻѹȴ뻭ȴˣǵĹ棬Ȼնˡ
ͬʱлһĨâǰǱ߲֮ϡ

ںʱͼ߲񽣣ܿ¡
һߣڷֱ۱նϣѪˮƮɣܿؾ۳
㣡
ٴο죬ǿͥ־ŭ
һҲϵеǱ񽣣ںʱ񽣴ͥͰһ𣬽ͥˡ
ļǵƣǳǿû뵽ٴλ񽣣ң𵱳ǸʱʱĽƣҪǿˡ
͵ںʱǱ߲񽣵ƣͲһϡ
ﬣ
صʮռ顣
Ц̧ס߲񽣣ڷߣԿ㣬ܲȫ֧ס
Ż䣬̧֣߲ն£âһٲԷ
ͬʱԼҲˣϣ漶ڷߡ
Ӵսص棬ȥʱ䲢û̫ã֮ǰܻ߲񽣣ڣǻԡ
ʱ񽣣켶ʵ߶ǵƣǿĺˡ

ʮռ䣬ֱӱ㱻նˣһ޴Ŀռֶ޾Ŀռ
ڷߵݣӭһֱӸовӭϡ


2192 鱦
߲һ嫵Ľֱӽʮռȫˡ
ڷ߼ʥΪ֮ϯա
Ȼʥײն߲ʽâ̼Ǳķ飬߲ʽâƲѹ䣬ת۱նԷǰڶԷؿϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽһ֮£ڷ߲㱻ֱնϣ絾˰ɡ
߲񽣣ٶȺܿ죬һ֮˶Էǰһȭѹ䡣
һȭ𶯣ǳȭƿ
ֻȭ
飡
һȭȵڷϣڶԷδסǰٴαҷɡ
ʦֵȭϢȫͬԵһЩ
Զݡ
ˣ
ʮͥһĻ𣬸Ƕݡ
ҲʱӶֻȭ޾ǳ֣ʣһȭ
һڷٴαС
ﬣ
ȫԷκδϢĻᣬ߲ʩչֻؽһն֣Ľâһ꣬ѹʮ죬·Ҫն
۵һѪˮŽڷᴩǿʥը鿪
ֻ壡
ŭˣȴǲ࣬תۼ۳
ֻնɫɱ˲ϢݺݵײڷߵϣʹöԷݺһ
Ҳʱ߲񽣣һαƽ
ﬣ
̶ص
߲ٴʩչֻؽһ貽âֱϡ
۵һѪˮŽһΣڷ߲߱񽣹ᴩֱը鿪


ֻնҶԷжʱʱӶֻȭ߲ʩչֻؽҽֻضҲתʱȻ켶Ϊȴѹס˹漶ڷߡ
ˣ
ô᣿
Զʮ̲ס
ǵĹ棬ԶԶǿĴڣʱ򣬾Ȼѹסˡ
Ҳֶݣн֯տտľâǿĽǿ
ʱȭǽľĺܷǷ
е߲񽣣ǲ˵̫ˣ·ĿɻһС
˭
оâҲоɫ
ﬣ
̶ʮء
Ӷ߲񽣣ʩչֻؽֻضʮʵʱǻ֮٣ÿһ·ն㣬ѹڷߴ
ģһһΣڷ߱ɣǿʥתۼΡ
ϣ
ŭصαڷŭ˼¡
¡һڣʥâӿΪ֮ǡ
ϣһһֶ֮ʹĲ񷶼Ϊ֮ɫ
쵱ݣ򣡡
ֹ֮һΣȻϵó
ʱ򣬳߲񽣣սǿ֮ûаա
򣬿ɲһ߲Ȼǿվֻǲζԣ켶Ϊ߲񽣣Ҳѹƹ漶֮
켶ϣƵı򣡡
ڷɭȻǻŲѪ
䣬ģ֮۶ɵֱӳѹȥ
˲ѣ޴ѹ
ʱѹȻǳľ޴󣬵ȴδɫͼɵֻ壬߲𶯣ֻؽչӭ϶Է
䣡
ײʥԣֱӱ𣬵رƬĴ̮
ڷ߼ˣ鿪
ͬʱʥΪ֮𣬳߲񽣵Щ飬ɵü
ԷȻ߲񽣵ǵȴٴݣĺܿ£ֻһν棬ǾʥѿԳʱԿ
ٴοۡ
ü
ʱٴδۣԦ֮Ǹ޾Է򣬿ǣ۵ƿأ죬ǰҪ򿪾ܴ򿪡
ֻе߲񽣡
ҿܵã
ڷߺ
Ż䣬ᴩȥ
֮ء
ü߲𶯣â죬ӭȥ

һڣһƬ嫵Ĵ硭
ʲô
һڣʮӰվһ𣬽ԱʮʱɫΪ֮һ䡣
ڷţǿĻƣϨˡ
Ϩ𣬱
˭
ȥһٶʱ䣬֮ػһиʮǿ߳أһɫűɱڵʮʮǿ߸Ǿŭ
棬һľţ϶ۣȵԿˡ
ʱµĻ鱦ߣɱʱ߻ἰʱһ˿ʶ뱻ɱ֮صУҡУڵʶʹָ֮ܿڣ
һ˳
ʼ뵱Կȼ磬Ƕ֮ڴȻ˱ֶΣʵ൱ǿˣʶǵֶΡ
ߣ
һ˵ʮ뿪硣
Ϩ𣬻ɢȥλãһǣʱͬʱȥʶʵ̫Ƿ̫Ҫ

һƬ硭
ﬣ
Ӷ߲񽣣Ӳڷߵϯ˻ġ
ڷߵһδα𿪣ֱۣȴԽӵķˡ
ô죿
üͷĸǰƣֹۡ


2193 עҪ
ӿʥâһƣ鲼ʮռ䡣
߲񽣺նˣһδν£ֱԽӵķ顣
ܳŶã
ڷ
Ż䣬֯ƺƵĳѹȥ
ﬣ
ɫնأһ˿ȥ
ӽʮͥʱԡ
һĻʹ쵱ݣԴʥȻڷߵʵٲȻǲȹ漶ڷˣ
ߡ
Ƭɫնӭڷߵ뿪
ڷ̫ǿʱڿɵֵʱ䳤ˣձضܣԷƿص̫ǿˣƿѹסһС
ʱߣԼǣס漶ڷߡ
ʮ߲֣Щ˵ס졣
ҪһߡԼߣ߲͵һ˶٣΢е߲񽣵𣺡ǰ
ͻȻ뵽Ϊ߲ǿסڷߣô԰ǰΪ߲񽣶սضԽԷնɱ
Ȼ֪ʱ뷨µͷ񽣡
룡
ڷ߼һĻü壬һ˱ȥ
߲񽣵ļܿĳǳ£һͨεİƿأôܷӳƽԶɱȣʱܻѡ
ӿϢѹǲ񷣬סʮգת۱Ƶ֮⡣
ٶȼ죡
ֻǣĺܽһֱ̣ס߲񽣡
ʹڷߵɫһ⡣
Ȼһ̣Ƕݡ
ﬣ
̶߲ʶ𶯣˿ȥ
𵱼üĿһ˲˲߲ϡ
ҲǶݣ𣬾޷ʹ߲񽣣ʹã
ɵصȥʹΪͬԴѪƿأǣʱΪۼ̫٣ųԻǺǿ񣬽ۼԽԽ࣬ųԽԽԽԽԽӽ
΢
ֻϿ㡣

ô˵ţڽ֮һųɾ͵ӣеľâŨ
񽣣̫Ƿ
һߣڷ߶ݣŲɵһֹĿһ˲˲Ķ߲񽣣룬񽣾ƺԼʶ㣬Ȼųƿء
һ̣ЦٴζˣգעҪѹ
¡¡ģ⣬֮³Ͱѹ¡
ҧס߲񽣣ֻ֮ؽӿĽ
ͬһʱ䣬һ֣콣âԵƿɽضᴩ̼ʮա
ֲͬĽƣֲֿĽͬʱطƣնڷߡ

ԶʮɫѿΪʱչ¶Ľ˼˺ָоǷŭ
ǿڷҲΪ֮üֻ壬ӣܺãǺн
ô˵ţɢӿ£ӿȡ
Ͱ⣬ֻؽ콣â໥ϣӭ϶Է
䣡
䣡
䣡
񱩵ʥطϯ񷶼ڻζƺһ̾Ҫ̮
һۣʱȥ
ʱȥʱɫЩ԰ˣҲ޼
˺ԿĹ漶ڷߣʱ򣬿Ҫˡ
˰ʱڷͿǻܳŶá
˵ţ⣬ϢӿٴѹͰ
Ͱȫ֣ʱȻ·ʵ̫ǿˡ
߲񽣣ʱʱһֱڳŴۣȴȫУô죿ô죿ô죿ʱЩˣ˼ͻȻ䣬Ϊ֮ˣǶȻˣ
߲񽣣ʩչжξȫ͵ĳڷһɵڻ˳
棬һƽ֯ȻȻɢһϢԵЩˡ
쾧ڷлһĨâϵĺö治٣ɵɺ쾧ɣ֮øӿѹȥջעܲ
ԶʮͥҲǶݣϾ쾧ǷǳǴ˵еռʥģѰá
ǰ֪ⱦΪ䶯ݣȴоâʱ컽ԶԶȲ߲񽣵ıȥûκã֪һһ١
Ҳʱ쿪ڣĿڷϣЦգעҪ
Ż䣬ɵ𶯣¡һ޾Ĵɫâɵӿ󣬴Щˣ·ؼӿ˲ֱӽԴԴϵӿڡ
漴һ̣Ϣͻأǣǻɽ緢˰㣬תۼﵽһߵĲΣӿʥ𶯰˻ġ


2194 ѹ
ʥԴԴϵĴɵӿûڣϢʥ
ȹâʵ̫ˣֻһ˲ʹľΪ֮ǡ
Ҳʱ̧֣ٴλӶ߲񽣡
ﬣ
߲ʽâƥ֮ǰκһζҪ£ƺĿɿٵһ㡣
һ΢죬ڷ߼һնϡ
۵һ߲ʽâֱӽڷ߸ᴩ
ʺѪˮգĿ
ˣ
Զͥһɫ
һĹ棬ϷͰҲֻǿס񣬸ղŻϷĹ棬Ȼת۱
ǡʲô
Щ˿ɵԴԴӿ뵽ڵĴ׹â𺳣֪ʥͻȻǿͬʱҲΪȴ׹âĴԾ
ȻǰҲΪ֮ݣһ˲˲ĿɵӿĴâ
ɵ׹Բӿ룬ʹľԽӵǿᡣ
Ѿۻôˡ
н֯â
ڸղţɵڣǲ֮ڻۣޱȴ£ɰӦԴ˿̵Σ֡
ɵ֮ӿ֮ӿӣ𺳡û뵽ɵѾ˺嫵֮⡣
Щ꣬ӦüΪŬڴɡ

ӵϰһԼҲԴ£ҪǴҶͯͶͿɵô֮뵽ЩһǳŬڴ֮𴫵طʹɵڻޱȻ֮
¡
ʥ𶯣Ϊ֮ԶڷסΡ
㡭
Ŵ˿̵죬ɵڲӿĴʥ⣬оľ˼࣬ͥŭͬʱҲɵø֮ɫ
쿴ˣ΢
ﬣ
ɵڣ֮ӿڣʹʱΪɿͨͨ켶ǿߣΪ߲񽣣ֱһŶԷն
ǿһȷŸӿֲˣٶȸ죬գ۱նԷǰ
ڷ΢ӭϡ

һ죬ֱӱһն顣
漴ǿĽϯ֮ͬ˰ɣѪˮ䡣
ǰҡ
԰ӿڵ֮Ѿ㹻ɵ𣬶һڷ߱ȥ
ʱ֮Ϊɿͨͨ켶ǿߵĳ̶ȣټ߲񽣣ɢϢħһ綼ڲ
һ̣ڻδסεڷ߽ǰһն¡
һ֮ǰӳĽâǿ
ۣ
ڷֵһʱǱһնķ顣
һĻʹòԶʮ̲סһ
һĹ漶ڣƿ񾹱
Ǳʲô
Щ֪ʱܻ򣬻һĹ棬ȻΪɵӿǵʥǿʵҪԭǱ񽣡
ʱʵǿǱɢԸӿֲˡ
оâڣʱܹоĺ˿̵죬߲񽣣սԣȻԶԶǿڷߡ
ԭض˶٣Զʮͥ
ﬣ
콣תƬĽ⸡ֶʮͬʱѹ¡
ʱ죬ȫѹסڷߣٺһԸԷ
ʱ칥ɱڷߣҪʮ˽
콣⣬ת۽ʮᴩ

Щŭӣò֣ӭϰ
ȻڰҲͨ켶𣬵սȴ̫ˣͲǶ֣ȫѹŴ
ϣ
ŭһߴڷ۳޾֯⣬졣
Ц֮ʵټ߲񽣣ʱȫ޾Է
וּһ߲񽣻ֻؽֻؽâһʮա
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮɽϣڷһһα飬Ȼ֮ʱҲס졣
֮ͨ켶ʵ죬߲񽣣սʵ̫ǿˡ
ܺãܺã
ݺҧͥ漶ǿֱӺˣ˺ŻֱԾС
ڵ죬ס濹⣬ܻᱻնڽ¡
߲ˣ
Ц߲£Żն飬ʹÿеڷֱӵ˳
漴һǿ˹ȥڶԷǰ˫ֳ߲񽣣ѹ¡
۵һڷٴα飬ңһΣ嶼Ѻۣ֩鲼ϣƺһ̾Ҫ鿪


2195 ʮʮǿ߽
ѪˮŽϣڷ߱飬Ϊҡ

˾ŭ֯ϣϢͬƺӰڡ
Цһ𣬵ĽХƵƬĽâӿƺƵĳڷѹ¡
ڷߵͺ𣬼ӭϣȻȴһ˲ͱն֧顣
ಣ
ƿɫޱѿٴԶݶȥ
죬֮Ϊʱɿͨ쾳߲񽣣սʵ̫ǿˣȫѹ
ʱȫɡ
ֻǣŸһ̶ĽХٴһ߲ʽâɶǰ·նϣʮռ䱻ǿȫ
Ӳˣ
߲񽣱ֻؽת߲ʩչһʱɢĽƱøһնԷ
ڷ߲һһ֮ǰĽƸǿ󣬸ӿ¡
¡¡⣬֣һӭϡ

һ죬ֱӱնϡ
ǰһն£һȭ䣬ֻؽֻȭ߲񽣵֧£ܴ۵һٴνԷ顣

ڷŭ岻࣬ܿؾ۳һγԶ߶ȥ
е߲񽣣ǿնһУ㹻ʥܵļӳ£ǰǲһʱ߲֧ţսʵ̫ǿᣬѹԽԽˣӰ֮֡
ವһת۶ѣ˿ȥԶ
ȾܿţȻͨ켶߲񽣵ԣȾ뵱治ʲôߣ𶯣ƣԷء
ڷ߾ŭ㡭
ﬣ
̶Хص϶ԷĻֻ壬߲ʩչֻؽʱʱֻնŶԷһһνԷն絾˰ɡ
ͬʱһߣҽϵ
С

Զ⻷ɫ⽣콣âƵȫѹһʱѾֻжʮţȫնɱ

¶ԣЩ˱Ȱ̫ˣУǺеĺ󱲣ȻսϣЩȴǱİ̫Զˣʮ˺ȴҲֲκαˣɫ콣â£һһѡ
ˣһۣʱʱȥ
Һް
ŭصŴĿѪˮһնڽ¡
Ƭڣһ°ࡣ
Ľƻɢȥ
ͬʱȻҲ˰ѾնҲЩ
ڷΪ漶ȻΪ֮ʱ˿ͨͨ켶ĲΣ߲ҪնһĹ棬ȴҲǺѡ
ڷѾ˵ļأڱԵҪ˶ãնԷ
ﬣ
е߲񽣣ʹ֮ɢǿĽֻؽΪ֮󱬷
ʮռ䣬ȫȽѹơ
ڷѾ˵ĺأӭʱĸµĽƣ̲סݺһһͺ𣬽תޣ۳ʥӰӭ졣
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ʥطϯ̮˻Ϊ֮
߲֮񽣼ӳ֣ȫѹڷߴһδλԷ
תۣǰӹȥ
Ӻ۵һһνڷķ飬ʹöԷϵѺ۸ӵĶˣѾؾ۳һѽץѹ
šſ
ڷɫޱѿĽ
Ȼȴá
˵ˣ죬עҪ
쿴ŶԷУۣλ֮ӿֱӾҪԷ
ȻҲʱͻأݣĳϿȥ
ͬʱմԶİǶݣͬһ㣬̧ͷ񷡣
ŤʮӰͻأʮȻȻŵϢޱˡ
쵱ɫ֮ػһ壬ȻͻȻʮϼĴڳڴˣ
ԱߣҲݡ
󡭡ǣѹеڷ¶ϲı飺ǣңʮ˺ˣһֻ壬һĵӣ֮ǰʥӱֻ度
ҽͻأ춯֣лѹ£߲񽣵ĽֱӽԷ顣
漴Ͱվһ𣬳߲񽣣䱸ĿŲϵʮˡ
ǰߣ
԰ͳǣʵޣûпܵס֮ػһʮڣ߲֮ͬʱӳֵҲУԶԶܣ̫ˡ
ͷȻ֪һ㡣
£һˣֱӺˣ糯Զȥһ


2196 Ԫϻͻ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյǳصڿС
Ͱʱٶȼ죬ֱӶԶתۼǿȥԶ
֮ػһʮڣԶԶǹ漶ڷ߿ȣֻһҲǿɵοһʮȼĴڽ١
ʮȼĴһ濹⣬ֻ·һ
֮ػһʮϸͰһʥԽֱ֯ʹƬ𶯣ʹͰ뱻ء
쵱Ǳɫʮռ䱻һɿֲѹˣ޷ߡ
Աߣüͷ𣬽䱸Ŀʮˡ
ӣһ۵߿ڣڷߵ˿Ҳ⣬Ŀڰϣϣǳޱȵı㣬ֻ壡ܺãǳãõúܣ
ڰӣ֮ػһȻֻ֪ܲ壬һЩǿ߸Ƿǳ֪ƿ۵¡
Ϊһٶǰοۣնһһʮڣʮӻ󣬽һж֪ڣǼʮǿֱڱչˣȻ޾ҲǻȬ˵˵̫ˡ
ͬʱ֮ǰ漶ڷδĻУʮ֪һ㣬һһǿţ֮ǰǱɱ
죬ʮ˸ӱǳŨҡ
һ߶֣ͽһץϵŤһű⸡ֶ
űŰص֮УٶȷǳĿ졣
һĻʱݡ
ǰģ֮ǰɱ棬һĵһ
ͫһˣ֮ǰѾɱ˲Ŷԣڣôˣ
ȥԷʱȻǴʶУȴٲȻǻŵģ
ЩϲģԸ֪ⱣֶΣ
뵽һ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣһĻҲǲɵΪ֮һ
汻⻤ţƺƥ˵ڰؾ꣬ʱһʮϼڿͰһֱӶ֡
һϮʥһһۻʥӡͰѹ¡
춯ݣӲͷƤ֣Ӷе߲񽣡
ﬣ
ǿһޱȺˣֱĳŶԷѹʥӡӭϡ
˽ƣĶֵлһĨ⣬ʮˡ
Ȼܲ򵥣
ߵ
е߲񽣵£ȻҲ͵֪
ʥӡѹ䣬̼ѹ߲Ľԣ󣬼Ͱѹ£ңʮռ̡
쵱һɫٱ䣬һ̣Զˣָܶһ¡
Աߣˣȫ߸ѹˡ
ߵʥӡѹ䣬ĵʱɱǣǣ
䣡
ͻȻʥâ󶯣
һö֣˸˺ѹ£ϡ
͵һѹͰʥӡһʱ䱻顣
ͬʱ߳ԣһŽۣһŻۡ
ʱ¿Զˣһϲ
˸ıȻԪϤߣԪʺϻ졣
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣҲǶݡ
СӣСӣ湻˥ģһϲǾȻһô࣬ѵȥ͵һʲôرһһԳʮϲ׷ɱǣ
ϻĵ
ϼһ֡
봸ڵͰȥ֮ػһر
ʱҲ˿
ղţͰһͱѹˡ
Աߣ࣬ϻָˣֿԪʣ΢΢ʩʵǰأ
첻ɵв죬ʶϻ죬֪ģҲʶԪʣǰǲ֪¡
ǲˡԪʵͷƽͣŰЦֻôЩ£Ѿﵽȸ߶ˣʦֿ죬вɵһĨâСҲǣɳٶȣʵЩˡ
һٶǰֻ׼ζѣȴѾﵽ쾳ˣٶȲνˣνǾ
ǰˣǡЩԵѡ
ǫ
ιιιϻ𣬺ǲ⣬Ͱĥ˼ңһƺϼһһûгƺͷƺͶǰ˼
죺
𣺡
Ҳʱ𣬴ű亮⣬ϯƬռ䡣
Ԫʣ϶벻ţͦӲ
ʮʮǿУǸһͷ𷢵


2197 ʬɱ
ϯƬռ䣬ʹ첻һ
ʮɢĺ⣬ɲģ·ǳ
һ̣ӭȺ⣬оԼ궼Ҫˣֹסľʹ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲΪ֮ػһʮǿ߶Ԫʺϻ̬ȶ
ʮ˵̬Ԫʺϻ죬ٲȻʮͬȼĴڡ
ǿߣ
Щ𺳡
֪ģ֮ػһʮڣһǿȣ˿Ԫʺϻ죬ٲȻԶĳǿߣ
Ҳʱϻתۼ佫ʮɢĺɢȥһͷ𷢵ߵȺϲĶţүүȻ
죺
ǰһ̻ڲ²ԪԼϻǿû뵽һͷ쭳ôһ仰ȻڳơүүҡֱһҲûǿӦеķ緶
ǣȻǳŵʱҲ̲סͷۣΪʲôԸͷΪǰԭͷʵ֮С
뵽ҲǷǳ˽ϻ죬֮ԶԪԡǰòƣϻȴûƣĸоȫһġ
϶Ƭһʧˣ
䣬ϻĻֱӶˣʥѹ䡣
үүʧܣ
ϻ챬ֿڣ൱İ̧־һȭͬʥӿϣͽײһ
¡һƬռֱӴ𣬵ȥʮɡ
춯ݣһٶǰϻϢԱǿˣǿ˲٣˵ȫǱ˸ˡ
ͬʱҲΪߵĻ
²൱ϻȻĳǿߣǺˣ
һһҪɱףһ𡣡
ʱʮеߵ
ˡ
һ˵
£ʮͬʱ֣ⶼаʥӿϻȥ
@#ϻƿڴȺϲģʮ˼һһҲҪˣţգ˼ʮ˴أ
죺
ϼһǰһ̵İȻת۾ʧˣͬһå㡣
϶
֮ػһʮϸӸ䣬ָ飬ʥø¡
񷣬Ϊ֮ɫ
ʮɻʥܣϻŰ
ˣ
ʥⱩǣԪ𶯣ɢ֮ػһʮӭϡ
ԪʶˣȻܿϻ챻ʮΧ
ߡ
Ͱ
Ż䣬սڣʥâϯޱӰʣɵء
ԪʵĻԪʺϻ֮ػһʮǿߣȻ֪طʮˣΪȡʱͻᣬʱȴҲƶŲ
ʱˣϻԪأԵģ֮ػһʮʮǿߣȻ˶ǿ󣬵ͬʱӭʮˣҲǷǳ⣬ʱʵԲ˶ֱ뿪
ҲֻǸɿţﲻæҲʱ뿪
Աߣüǲ˼룬ʱٲȻǺһ
߰ʲôˣǺϻеߣ
ûǿܣ˭Ҳ߲ˣ
ʮеһ
¡һڳһڱӡ֯ʥԣʮռ⡣
ʮգҪƿȷףҪƽȷȥǱǷǳѣǿϻԪʣҲҪķʮܹ
ȻʮȻϻԪʮȥƽȷ
ɱǣѹǡһڶ֣ϻԪʣһǵļֵǴĶ࣡
¡
ʮͬʱ֣Ϣ죬ѹʮ硣
ϻԪʶǿˣЩѾǻָĲˣʱһӭ֮ػһʮǿߣȴǲȫǴ·
Ͼԡԡʮ̫ԡ
ǶԸǡ
ʱڣĮͰǰʥӡѹ¡
Ԫʺϻ쵱Ǳɫ
ߵȻȻᣬת۱ǽ
ǵԼȽϺá
ĵ
Ҳʱ߳Ͱǰʥӡӵˡ
ʱԶˣס֮ػһ۷ʮڣȻ߲֮񽣼ӳҲУΪĲ̫ˡ
ͬʱԱߣҲˣߵϢȫѹˡ
ȻҲʱһһ˵ʥԶӭߵʥӡֱӽʥӡķ顣
һӳǰʥ⣬ӱˣɱ⼫Ũ
ǰ
쵱ݡ
꣬Ȼ񵽵Ǿ߹ʬû뵽ʱҲ
ͻȻֵ꣬жݣȴûпڣȻʶˡ
һĿϣʥ⵱Ϊ֮ǣ㣡


2198 
棡
ʮΪ֮ɭٲȻϵùʬꡣ
ңȥЩԹ϶
ͬһʱ䣬Ԫʡϻ֮ػһʮʮǿҲ˹ȥĿϡ
ϼһ˳˼ҲΪչرյȴһˡ
ϻĵ
Ȼϻϵˡ
ԪʶյͷԵҲʶ
쿴ǰ꣬߳桱񵽵󾳵ˣȥٲȻҲǺߵһ߶ȵˣǸǿߡ
һˣ
ɵöݡ
ԱߣҲڴ棬ȥٲȻǲʶǵһμ
¡
ʱʥ𶯣߶ˣʮϯ⡣
潫ʧһ
˺ʱʱͰֱӼʥ档
뿪
濪ڣһ𣬰ʥϯɱâ
ﱻĿռ䣬Ѿ⿪Ͱʱȥ
䣡
ʥܴײ˻ҡתۼ䣬һʮԶ
ãܺãǰǿ󣡡߱ʮøɭʥâøӵĺˣϷȵǿˣգڴˣ
ܹһΣޣΨһİܼһֱǵá
¡¡ҵʥϯԽԽǿ
ת˲ѣƬռڣﶼΪ֮
ɱ⣬ƺƵѹ
ӱɣֱһȭ
򵥵һȭȴǿЩˣУȵؿڡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽ߱ķ顣
ɱϣ˿Ϣʱ䣬˫붯ɽӡӡ̫ӡȹȭӡ̴ÿһȭӡǿˣƿɱѵء
𣡡
߷Ұ˻һ㣬תؾ۳
ɱ
ͺôٴν棬ɲǼͱһʹӸɭŭɱŨϢҲø£档
ûжĻһ˫ȭʱӶֹϵȭӡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ӡӥӡצӡɻӡӡХӡȭӡϴ˫ּȥܼ򵥣һӵȭȴĪ⣬ȭֲˣ·Խؼһжٵ㣬һδνĺɡ
һĻʹ춯ݣʱȭ𺳣̫ˡ
ǵȭƣƺɺһУ
ȭʱãԼֻȭټĥ
һʱ䣬ɵһ˲˲Ŀ棬ϸĹĦ
ȫȭӡ仯ĦϵϢϵؿʼ仯ûлȭȴҲŷǳ׵ȭɢǿ
@#ϻԪߵ˽֣ȻǿһĻ̲ס󷭰ۣʲôʱӰӰʱƨ
ʱȻ챻ȭˣ
ǣǰʵڲĺʱȻʱ
ԱߣȻһ㣬Ϊ֮ݣ˶٣ʦƣҲˡ
ΪӣΪڶӣʱ죬֣Ҳϲȭ֮һͻһȭ֮һϣž˵츳
䣡
ȭӿʮԶ
սߣʱȻҲע⵽״̬
£ɢȭƱøˣ綼ɢȭĻζ޾Ϊ֮㤡
̱ɽӡӡ̫ӡӡӥӡצӡɻӡӡХӡ֮󣬸Ĺȭӡ˫ּ仮ȭӡ໥ϣӵĪ⣬ɢȭˡ
֮ǰȭʱȭٲȻһʵı仯ƿء
ȭ֮£ɫˣһδαˡ

˵ͺ𣬺һչ˳
Ϊʱȭ̫ˣһѵֵס
Į˫ִ󿪴ϣȭӡϣȭһαǡ
߼Ǳѹ
ϼһȻ
ԶϻЩ졣
ƺܿ
Ԫʵ
ʱǣƽߵʮˣԶʮھԵ·ҲǿǣסˣĶǿ˳ע⵽״̬ʱΪȭ
ȻҲǿһ㣬¸мͬʱרעȥ˿ĸֹȭӡ
ŹĦͲȭʱƣģɢȭøӵǿ󣬸ӵĻ񣬸ӵΪ磬ҲǲɵŻ


2199 ֻȭ
ȭΪɢľȻһǿ
СӣԲѧȻȽ
ϻ졣
Ħȭֻת۶ѣоһ׵
ܲ
Ԫʵ
ȻҲע⵽һ㣬н֯ԵľâȭƱøӿ£ֹϵȭӡϼ򣬽ȭƴ߶ĸӣΪȭ
ĦȴȭĥԼֻȭ
ˣ
ֻȭֻȭʥת켣ȻȻȭͬʱʼı䣬ȭˣɫʥʶн֯
ɢȭƣøӿֲ
ɫʥĳ֣ýߵ˶ݣһԲɵòĿ
ɫʥǻǵһμ
Ժܲ
ˣ
ΪȭȭԽӿ£Ȼ߼򣬵ȴҲǱȭȫѹˣһһα飬䴿ȭ
棡
ŭ𣬵ѹƣǿˣȴǱѹơ
гŭ𣬼Ϊġ
ˣʥøǿᣬ죬Ϣˡ
ȭѵأΪ󣬼Ϊȭ
ͬʱ֮춯֮ͬ塣
Ϊŭ֮£ԸֲˣȭƣѾѿѹƶԷ
䣡
䣡
䣡
߽棬ʮռưܣѣرڳݣһ֮
Զ濴ȭеԽԽ࣬ûжȴʶжʶȭʥתϸı䣬ȭ򣬲ϴĥֻȭʹֻȭԽԽǿ
⣬ȭǿ

Ƭ֮޾ԶһӡһŮӺһͷ׻һͷСһ϶ߡ
һ̣ӺŮͬʱɫ
ϢŮ΢ϲɫһУϡ
ʲô
ѽϢҵˣ
׻С¶ϲɫ
ҵˣ
ŮӵͷУʥԽ֯ңңĿĳһƬ硣
ߣ
ӿڣǸоϢ
£޿ʼ٣˲Ϣǧ

ããļڡ
ˣ
⣬ʥ⽻֯ŹĦȭȭ֮һԽԽ
⣬ȭ֮ǰǿˣֻȭ֮ǰƣݵʱڣȭʥת֮ǰǿʮֹ
ˣһ̶ۣӹȥ
̶ӹȥȭﵽһΪ˵ĸ߶ȣȭˡ
ȭƣʹط˶Ƕݡ
棬ҲоâԵǰۣȭ֮һ״ɣ
ܺã
һǿ߲ɵôЦЦɢȥӱޱȱ䣬ͬһͷް㶢סߣֻʩϹȭʼȭϡ
ȺҪĹ
⣬ƿ쭣ͬɽڲΪȭ֮ɢʥ˲ֱһȭϡ
۵һδסֱѣ㱻ը鿪ѪˮŽϣʺ죬һвȱĹͷϣһۿȥĿġ
ϼһȵǿˣ
ϻ춯ݡ
ԪҲǶݣΪʱ
ʮʮҲǶݣһ˳ǱȥˣһѹƲǸ񣡡
ǿ󣬽ߵ˿˳ƾһˣǶ֡
ֱ˳˹ȥߵ塣
һ𡣡
еһ˿ڣԷɿؾ۳ߵ
ɫ࣬ȴûж˵ʲôһͺ𣬼ǿ֮һ𹥻档
ڣЩȻǿˣܹҲǿˣһˣǶ֡
¡
£һ֣ӸͬķΧ棬ֱӼ
⣬ʥԵ˫ӭ֮ػһʮڣ˿޾壬ȭ󿪴ϣһս˿·
һǿ䲻·Ҳռ֮ǰǵˡ
һʱ䣬˫սƽ
䣡
ʱԶһĿͻأ
鱦ŵ֮ػһ棬ʱȫؾָۣʶͨ켶ѹ֯
һĻʹһطʮϼн¶â
úúãƶǴﵽ¸߶ȣ
һ˵
ɱһ˿ʶ鱦߻ţؾ۶ﵽͨ쾳Ρ
⣬ͨ켶ѹ˹ˡ
򵥣
ϻ쿪ڣԪʵһʱ򶼿Ĳһ㣬ǳ
Ҳʱ⣬ɢȥڣһ˫ۡ
ϣ֮ػһһǿţɫ΢һ̱ǻָĽߵʮڣ΢΢ʩ񣺡лǣ
ߵ˻鱦ߣ֮ǰɱ鱦߱סһ˿ʶʹ֮ؾ۳꣬ʱһ˲󣬱Ǻܿ͵Ϥ¡
Ϊ鱦ܹ߱һ鱦ؾ۳ǣ£ҲΪ鱦߶ʶС
һ̣ƫͷĿϣн֯Ϊĺâһʵа㡣
֮ǰǱɱԣǳ裡ڣҪֻ
ಣ
ͬһʱ䣬ƿյ
ؾ۶ȫָͻƵͨ쾳ȻܿʱֱӶˣĮȭֱӳɱȥ


2200 ѹͨ
Լ浱һ
ֻ壡
ɫŨҲǶˣͨ켶ѹӿֱӳѹ¡
ɱڳڵĻ鱦߻סһ˿ʶ۳꣬ԭǴֱɱ죬ѹϴ̳裬ȴ룬ʱһɱ˹
¡¡ģͨ켶ܻӶʥƱ쾳ʱҲ֪ǿ˶ٱ޷ȣȫ˴ʱ䡣
ƣʹԪʵ˲ɵýԶݣŸո̤ͨζѣûȹ̵ǰľ磬ɢѹȴǱͨͨ켶ǿǿ̫ˣ·Ѿͨꡣ
ͣ£ˣеĽܲһ㣬ҪӲʱߵ˼ɱ棬ɱ죬ǶݣΪ֪е߲񽣺ܲһ㣬̤ͨΣԶԶһͨͨʿǿǱ֣治ܻǶ֣˿ѣȵˣ
õʲôɱҪý
ʱڡ
߲һû»صʶײٶȲ䣬ת۱ǰʩչɺֻȭһȭ
ˣ
ɫʥƵ֮ΪʵѾ䵽쾡ͷΣپͨ쾳Ȼһȭȴɿֲףʮռ䶼ڱѡ
ֻһȭͨ켶߽⣬ڶԷؿڡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽֱӱͬ˰ɡ
һĻʱط˽ԱɫǿҲ⡣
ǡС̬
ϻɴۡ
ʱ֮ʵͨ쾳൱쾡ͷΣȻȴһȭͨ켶ĴԷİʥ顣
ʵЩˣ
ȭȻ¯࣬豹ˣ
Ԫн֯â
һߣٴδЦΪȭ̶ôһʱ䣬ȭ켶ʵһȭͨ켶֮ػһͨ켶İӣоޱȵʹ졣
ãܺã
ЦĿߵϣȭϣʥűǡ
֮ػطʮʮǿ𺳣ɫѿ֪ϵ߲񽣺ܲ򵥣治ӲΪ߲񽣶Ը棬Ȼȴֱӽ켶ʵͨ켶棬ųɱ治Ҫ񽣡Ȼһ̱ǽشɡ
Ҫ֪֮ػһһɫţ񣬴ﵽͨ켶棬Ȼһͱ켶ˣֱǳ裡
¡
Զʥ𶯣סΣɫʱһƬࡣ
ֻ壡
̤ͨΣ죬ֻ켶ΪΪּ̧ѹµǰ죬ϴˢ֮ǰɱĳ衣
ȻȴȻ㣬ֻһѣͨ켶ͱ쾳оջۡ
ɱ
ŭôһ֣ͨ켶ܱǣ󣬴ʮʮΪ֮𶯣ϯһɹɿ񱩵ʥ쫷磬ŻԵĴ졣
ƣǿˣʮռһƬƬ̮
鲻䣬һƬĮ
ɫʥ⻷ƣԵǰ쾡ͷʵӶɵֻȭ֮ǰõȭһȫʩչȭӡһһƿɺ䴩ġ
䣡
䣡
䣡
񱩵Ľ棬ӶɵֻȭȭӲͨ켶棬ֱĲ񷱬ݣԶһɽ̱١
ҷ򣡡
ﵽͨ켶ΣսǿͨܲϻʱʱŭӭֻȭϵĹ⡣
˿޾壬Įֻȭϵĺ
ˣһۣӹȥȭԽӵĿֲʱȣʱԵʱƽͣƵͨ켶潥ȭѹȵĺˡ
飡
תۣڶΣȭͷؿڣһΣֱӽԷķ顣
ת۶۾ˣ˻ŭ𣺡֡
ˣ
ȭǿȭ϶ԷĻɻˡǳȭֱӽո۳һθķ飬Ѫ˷
ŭ겻𣬱âܿ
Ҳʱȭâֵˣٴν֮ѹƥȭ¡
һĻʹϻ졢ԪʡͰ˸ɵ𺳡
ǿʵʱ
Ԫʱϻǿǣ֮ػһľŸʮǿߣĿȴֱֱǱߣоâտտ
켶Ϊȵѹͨ켶ǿߣսʵЩˣ

ŷŭͱĲҽʱ˳Զﵽͨ켶һα飬Ӿɫֻȭ̫ˣ·ĿѹС
ߵʮʮڣ˿ڹɱϻ졢Ԫʺ棬ͨ켶澹Ȼ켶첻شȫûǱ߲񽣣ɫǱԽԽѿһֱ˶ˣֳ̧ץȥ


2201 ת
治죬һδκ飬ΣڵϦ֮ػһطʮϸɫѿһһͷϷֱ̧֣ѹ졣
ΣǼ£潫Σ
䣡
ʮǿ߶ѹ죬ϵĿռһʱ㱻ˡ
쵱ɫʮǿ߶ֻ֣ϢѹԶ
ϻ졢ԪʺԳ֣ҪˣȻȴǸԶǣţ֮ػһʮǿ͹ǣʹǴʱ޷ȥ졣
Ψаδǣƣʱ֣콣ɨնѹˡ
ֻǣΪ̫࣬ãնĽâת۱Ǳķ顣
Ϸ̽Ĵ֣ѹǰһץ¡

Ҳʱһ𣬰һ¡
ٶȼ죬תۼǶϷߵĴ֡
ͬʱԶĵӰһӣһŮӣһͷ׻һͷСޣȻµĸĸ׻ԼС̫
ѽ죡
С̫ĸˣһӾ˵ϣ뵱ȥһٶˣһٶ꣬һֱ죬ҵˡ
֪СӲ£Ӳĸһ
׻ҲǸˡ
׼Ϊһ׷ɱ֮ػһľŸʮڣǶܵģȴһֱ첻¡
û¾ͺãû¾ͺã
ԿؾۣʮƬռ䶼ʧɫ˼֣죬еĹкŨڡ
ϾŮɷУͺԼĺӲ࣬ʲô£ЩԳܡԣһٶ첻ܳµˣȴɺŨʱ𣬳ĳ˿Ǽͷϵһʯжһ㡣
û˵ʲô֮ԡ
汻飬˵ļأʱ򻹴ؾ֮Уʱûдֻ֮ʱС̫Կ˳֣ҲǺܸˡ
û¡
Ц򵥣ʱҲ˵̫ࡣ
ϻ졢ԪʡͰʱԿ˳֣쵲סϷߵĹ˿ֶǶݣһ˲˲ĿӺԿܸо˵Ĳ򵥣ȻȻɢϢ̫ǿˣǼµϻ죬ݵʱĿһ˲˲Կϡ
⣬⡭ԿϻӲûɳԿؾ۳ʮҲڣӱ濴ȥջεȣǺһģһ濴ʲô𣺡СŮޣã
ԿʺԵΪ±ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ػһʮҲɫɫúѿĿԿϡ
Կǡ
һ˿ڣ䣬ĿԿͬʱҲɭĶӡ
֮ػһԣԿǵĳ裬ӣȻҲǡ
ˣʮʮڣɱ⽻֯
ͬʱϻ졢ԪʺֶݣĿԿϡ
񡭡ԿϻӵɵĸֱˣġһŮ
ǸʱԿΪ֮ػһĵһŮʼֶݣϻԪʵǿߣǸʱԿݣȴ֣ʱ֮ػһ˵Կô֣¶ݣȻΪǿ涼𺳣ΪǸʱһŮĸʵ̫ˣֱǵʱ֮ػһ޵ʥС
˵һĨɱ𣬾ȻûԿֿԱߵӣˣǸˣǷˣ뵽һ£ԿһģһⲻɺϣйϵԿǵһŮǰϵ겢δԷнãѣѵǡĸŮ
漴ĿϣԿĳԿΪ뵽쵱ڵһŮ֣ԽӵĿ϶Լֲ롣
Сӵ˼ǰѾһŮˣ@#
ͻȻ뵽ԼǰơһŮݣԲסݲ˿£ʱԿһŮݣⷽСضʧɫ˼֣һӱǸоǱ˰㡣
Կ
ʮʮǿУǽֱӶˣʮ𶯣ŸֱӳԿȥҽӵһ֡
Կ̧֣ʥ֮⽻֯ͬһĨ㵴
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ת۶ѣ߼ȫ顣
ϣڣҲֻһ˿ʶˣܻԶδָ۷壬
Կڣû˵꣬˼ԣȻԶԶûлָ۷״̬ɽߵˣȴҲԵס
Ҫ̫ˣҵҲԶǵɱˣ
Ϸ߿ڣɭҲԿ¡
ԿԱߣߣкâ䣬ֱһϷն¡
һ죬ת۽Էɣǿϻ˽𺳡
ɱ
߿ڣɭĶӺԿٴζ֣Ϣøǿᡣ
ͬʱʮǿȻҲݣʱԪʡϻ棬ͬʱɱӺԿ
ԪʵˣǸɱԿӣ˱۵㡣
ӺԿҲ֣ʥԽ֯ӭʮʮڡ
ʮսһʥ졣
ӺԿȫסʮʮڣңھԵϷ
һŮߵˣ׵ģϻһĻԿΪµԿµĹϵټµĹϵʱ˫۷Ź⣬ֱӳսɱȥͬʱԪʺеϼһϰɵʮϲģ
Ԫʺ˶٣ûж룬ҲǶˣʥâ֯չϻһսת۴ﵽɱ֮ѹ֮ػһʮʮڣ֮ػһʮʮڡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ת۶ѣƬռ䣬ʮ˸ǿ߼Ĵڽ棬ɱϢˡ
ǡ
ߵŭԿӺǿֻ˾ȫѹǣټԪʡϻ룬ǵĴʱޱ⣬ϱɡ
ҲʱһߣѪ⹾䶯ͨ켶棬ʱȫ۳
ǣ
һĻɫ΢䣬Լһʮϣǰľܲ
Լ
Цʱˣ͵ʥС̫Ͱ׻͵ԣһǿ絽ǰ˫붯ɵֻȭѹ£档
ˣ
Եǰ쾡ͷΪ߶ڴɵȭȭ嫣Եƥһȭʮռͨ켶ȫȭУԷκһ˿ܵĿռ䡣
־ŭһͨʥӿһڴͨӭϡ
ȻȴС
ֻת۶ѣȭâǻͨ켶ܣؿϡ
ۣ
һΣѪˮŽ۳ٴαķ顣


2202 ͼ
սͨ죬Ӷֻȭȭʵ̫ǿˣдݿ֮

ؾۡ
̤ͨ켶ΣѾ֮ǰ쾳ǣεΪȵѹ

˫۳죬ԽĴԣʵ̫ˡ
ɱƵʥâӿһĳ췢ΪҵĹɱ֮ơ
ߣܣӭϡ
ˣ
Ӷɵֻȭֹϵȭӡ˫ּ䲻ӿ
Ƭռ䣬һδαı
ۣ
һΣ汻ɣӱ鿪ѪˮŽա
漴һ˲ǰһȭѹ£֮顣
Ͼͨ켶ǿߣȻ˿Դɵֻȭ֮ѹˣҪʱڽ֮նɱȴҲѣ겻࣬ٴؾ۳ɱ졣
޾壬ֻȭӶȭʥ٣һȭձ١
⣬Сӡ
Զ׻һĻɵõɴۡ
ԱߣС̫ҲԾ
һٶʱ䲻ȻѾﵽΣң켶ΪȻѹͨ켶֮ػһʵЩˡ
ңҲע⵽ӶȭٲȻϤĻȭ
Լȭ
׻µһ㣬Ϊ˵ԼҪԼңѾֻľһٶٴԼĹȭ⼫пܡ
ǿѽ
С̫˫۷Ź⡣
վһԣҲžâ
ʱ죬ǵȭʵ̫ˡ
ǰսУŭ𣬳׷񣬸ͨϳ¡
Ȼȴȫ˲ֺ
Ӷֻȭ԰Եȭ⣬һδν飬ʹöԷϢϽͣʥâԽԽ
ֹȥʱֻͼֱֻȭһѹ£ֱӽס
˻𣬷ȻȴãѲֻͼֻȭĽ

ʱ򣬶ԷϢѾ˥͹ȣֻȭƣֻͼâǣƺƵĳѹ䣬ɱ֮ˣǲ׹¡
ס֣
ԶߵʮʮȻһĻͬʱ
棬֮ػһһĵһţʣ֮Կˣһȥǵʧ̫ˡ
Ȼȴ˸ܸȻᡣ
ʮʮڣȫ¡
Ҳʱֻȭѹ£ֱϡ
ۣ
һΣ汻飬ңһδܱѲֻͼѹֱֻͼ±飬Եֵֻǰһʵŭ
⣬һͨ켶ǿߣô
Զ׻ۡ
ѽ
С̫˫۷⣬Ϊնͨ켶棬оܸˡ
ϻһ߶ֹɱߵˣһߴЦúúãСӣܿԣ
ĳʾԺܲף콫֮ػһôһնǾպռһսһǱвһ¡
һ棬켶Ϊնͨ켶棬Žߵ˵նںݺݵĴ֮ػһоʮֵʹ졣
ߵȻǸŭһһľţȻôնˣǣն֮ػһδһǿߣ
Ƕ
һŭ𣬱ӵѹƣڵľűɱʱ򣬸ɱ񱩡
ʮϽӡڱӵѹƵһ̣֯һ޴ʥѣһ޴ʱŻһž˵ͼл
ͼѪɫ֯żΪŨҵѪɷϢֱʮɣֵһɲǣѪɷϢǽʮռ֣Թг̶Х
ͼ
Զն쵱ǶݣϳѪɷͼΪ
ңʱԸоͼȵͼǿ̫ˣ֯ŵѪɷϢȫͬһΡ
ͼ
˲뵽һ㡣
ͬʱԿӡϻ졢ԪʺҲɫ
ʱͼӵϢǸʥ΢
ǽˣ
ԿͼĿ¡
ߵ˸Ӻ㣬ŭ𷭹ɱ졣
ͼʮͷʮ˺߶ֱһѪâӵ˵ʥ⣬Զȥǿˡ
룡
Կʮ֣ʥĹâӿһγǰʥ֮ӭͼѪɷ֮⣬֮ķ顣
죬С̫ǣ뿪
͵ʥ͵ԶС̫׻Ͱԡ
ͼǵɷ̫ˣǿов


2203 ۷֮ս
ʮռ䱻ѪɷϢȫ֣ͼڽߵʮͷ޾ԹͼڳȥÿһͷԹ鶼ޱȿֲϢˡ
챻Կ͵С̫׻ͰԱߣʱԶսǰͼ궼ɵһ
Ѿȫˣ
ȭ
֮ǰ֮ػһһʶУѰѪʯ£֪һѪʯܽͼʱͲ²⣬һѾƳͼǰһĻӡ֤Ĳ룬ǰ㣡
ʱͼɢѪɷ̫֮ˣܸʴһС
ԱߣС̫Ͱ׻Ҳͼټͼ͵ͼĲͬҲĲʱͼʵ̫ڿֲˡ
ȻǳȵİʱҲǲɵüоâŨ
¡
ռʮ𶯣ͼһǵɷʵ̫ˣɽߵʮʮǿߺʩչʱѹϻԪʵˡ
ͼһԹ꣬ǿԿӣʱ򶼱Ƶʱʱˡ
СӣСӣСģڸϽߣ㣡
ϻ쳯ߵ
ԭΪԿӳ֣ռϷΪԽߵʮȫնȴǲ뵽һȻƳôµı
ʱǱѹˣͬԿĵһŮ·
ü֪Լ°ﲻæɾ뿪ʵЩԸ
һҲ߲ˣ
ʮ˺֧ͼʹڱɢɷøӵĿˣš
Թ˻ڽʮ˵ƿ£һЩɱϻˣһЩǳǸطȥ
ȻߵҪѹ죬ɱһһǿǴޣ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫Ͱ׻ȻҲһЩɷڡ
ʮռ䣬˲䱻
Ͱ˲ԶͼɢϢȫѹơ
ˣ
ʥƵԶӿ
Կʮʥｻ֯ʵʥԣɵʣһγϣһ֣˹ȥԹȫ
õǡ
Կ֪ڵ˵İΣʱ򿪿ڣʥƿһռŻһûУ˲Ϣʧ
Կ
ߵʮ˶ʱŭԿеĺһŨҵ˼㡣
ۿֻ塢ӰԼǰ׻ҪѹȴԿ
һ嵱ǿˣһٶĸǣΪУ
ϣҪټˣ¾飬һڳ޺ǧָȻܶԻͣĻԻͣû壬ûӦеĹʡ
Կд˸УٴȰ衣
壬걻ɱɼǵãǰЩԼˣȻ֪ǲԼģ̲סڣϣܹ֮¡
죡ɭ̹ǣ㵱Ҫˣ
仰£ͷͼԹ˻졣
Ϣϯʮ졣
Ƭ磬ʼһƬƬı飬ʼѣصҽҽ
ʲôŮϻϻڵǶԵģϻͬ壬Ե׷ɱ㿪ʼҲûнΪˣûҪٹ֣ͬ⣬ͷҼ㳤һģһŮӣӦŮɣСӵ£ӦҲ֪˰ɣһΪСӶϵ
ŵҪٵ棬СΪֻ壬ͱ˽һδζ֣ܷ֮ŹСӣδŮƱҲᱻУǲܷŹԣúǆ£̸ֻΪŮŮǲ;
˵ȻһƬƬʥӿӭ򲻶ϳͼɷ
ò˵⻰ԿĴ̼Ե治СʹԿһ¡
䣡
ʮռʮ̱ϵϢʼǡ
˵Ķԡ
˵
Щ֧һֱԼŮʹһֱԲȱʶάţһٶǰ죬ϸӦŮѪϢ֪ԼŮУ֪ԼŮĹϵѾһŮŮͬʱˣԼŮҲǳˡ
ΪŮΪŮΪŮΪɷΪ˼ңӦκãս
⣬ƽڽתۼﵽһΪ˵ĸ߶ȣͼΪ֮һ¡
ϢʹϻԪʶǲɵΪ֮ɫǿҲ⡣
˼ǻôϢ
ϻ˿Һֻת۶ѣԿɢϢȸղǿʮ
ߵʮʱԿɵ˵ǸʱǵһŮԿ̬ʶ΢¡
ܿ죬ʮ˷Ӧһ˺üɵʲôͼȻ۷Ҳܵסο͵۷ʵȻԶⱦԽȫѹ

ɱ
ʮ˵ͷ£ٴκ֧ͼɷ񱩣ѹԿˡ
أ
޾Թ˻ɱܣϻˡ
ԿһˣʮŶʥ죬ʥǿˣ֮ǰǿ̫̫ˣЩԹ鵫ڵһʱ鿪
һ̣ûκãҲû֮ǰ˸УԵޱȼᶨ
ͬһʱ䣬ӶˣһԿԣ̫𣬻޾֮⣬ƿѹ죬ͬԿһ㣬Ϣ֮ղŸǿˡ
⣬ˡ
ϻ˿ҺʱԿӣƵʵ̫ˣãûͼ˹ƺܿܽߵȫĨɱ
Ҳϣ
ϿȭâԿһɱ
ϣŪǣ
ϻԪһҲɱǰ
Ƭ磬һʱĸתۣһĽǻ˷档

棬һƬڡ
ˣ
һƬڵһɽУռͻأѿ졢С̫Ͱ׻г֣Ƭɽ䡣
ܣľȺеŨʱʱ˻
ѿĿռָܿ쿴ܣ̽Ѱüͷ
Կ֮ǰǿнǴͳȥѾǳ뿪֮ǰƬ磬һƬµĴ֮ڡ
ʱ򣬾ϻȥ£ҲҪķһµʱ䡣
Ͼ̫嫣Ƭ磬֮ǰƬ磬̫ңԶˡ
õģǶǳǿߣ¹ĸĸǿĺܣʮ϶ͼҲܹκεǣһ£
׻Ȼܹʱʲô˵
룬ͷ˵Ķԡ
׻˵ȷʵܶԣ˶ǿԿӣͼвǡңһ˵ھϹȥҲûκãֻϺȣΪΪǸεս̫Զ̫Զ
һܿԼƽ
ҲʱԱߣڣƬ⣺ʦֵϢ


2204 
ǰ
ŰĻԶݡ
Ѿ֪ʮӣΪͽ˵Ĵʦ֡
ͷн֯âֱ˺ռŻһֱӿռŻڡ
ߡ
кС̫Ͱ׻ڰ֮Ҳ̤ռŻ֮ڡ
תۼ䣬ʧƬ磬ûзУһƬ硣
ʼһƬ磬ޱǶомǿϢԶ󣬵¶Ƭȥ
ٶȶܿ죬ֻת۶ѣǳһ嫵ɽ֮⡣
ȥǰӰڽ棬һΪߣһϮۣʮϢǿһΪ꣬޳ʥ⣬ϢԵú
ͬʱԶʮӰһ˱ʮ࣬ͨ켶ΣͥзΣȻͥǿߡ
ͰС̫Լ׻һ۾ϳʮ߽ˣǷ𣬶ʮߣȻǵһμȴ֪֮ػһˣΪʮ̫ˣ֮ػһ
¡
ʮĺ䣬Įϵѹ¡
޳ӡʣʮռȫ֣ߵĴ飬ӡͼһ⻮㽫նϡ
ǿ
첻ɵöݣ֮ػһʮߣսͥ漶񣬷ȻȫܹסԷ˿Ҳ·ޱ𺳡
һٶǰ쾡ͷһٶ󣬾Ѿﵽͥ漶ǿߵĸ߶ȣ
ǡ
Աߣ׻С̫ҲǶԾʱֳս
̫ǿˣ
һٶʱѣԷȻѾﵽĸ߶ȣ
Աߣ糣ǰһĻ⣬ϾʮʦֵܣԷʵһǷ壬սһֱʦֵǿġ
ͬһʱ䣬Զɽ⣬ͺ߽棬ȻȻǿ졢С̫Ͱ׻΢Цû˵ʲô
ʮĺҲǿˣеоâ֯
һߣʮǾŸͥٲȻҲǿͰˡ
ֻ࣬ǡΪ׵ʮסͷɱ⣬Ҫץģ
ʮ꣬Ϊ֮ػһ嵱ĵڶ룬Ȼֻ֪£֪ӣĳС̫ᣬݶмüֵҪץġ׻ǲ⡣
Ż䣬ֱӶˣʮһ˲Ϣʮɣѹ¡
ͬʱŸҲˣС̫Ͱ׻
ʮˣ쾡ͷʮΪףתۼһ˽ǰ
ߣվԭһҲδֱ̧֣ɵֻȭһȭһĿȭ⣬ǰʮķ飬ͬҲһ
ﬣ
ͬʱ̶Х쳹գǲ콣еĺĴһչ֣ŵĽâ֣תۼᴩŸͥڡ
۵ģŵѪը鿪ʮ㣬Ÿ
һĻʹԱߵİ׻̲סۡ
쾡ͷʮ꣬Ȼһȭͱɱ
Ÿͨ켶תۼͱȫն
ǡ
ɵ˿Һ֮ǰѾɱͨ켶棬ʱһĻȴǲɵļ¡սȻȻҲĲ
̫ǿˣ
ԱߣС̫죬Ҳɵõ˵ۡ
һߣǺߵɫɾЩѿˣǿʥɵһ
ǣ
ŭĶ죬Ÿͥɱ⣬ʮ꣬ǿ֮ػһһĵڶʳܳɾʮﵽǿ߼һţȻɱˣ

ŭΪڷŭһ̾𣬳ɱȥ
ˡ
Ҳʱ𣬺ƽʮռںһһŵͼ֣תۼ۳һ綼Ϊ֮
ߵٳ죬һͺʥӿֵ
ȻͬǿߵĽ棬һϸ΢Ĳɵսִ䶯ŭɱ죬΢ңĲӿɲС˷ѵɱ
ˣ
𶯣ӡ֮֮ӿǿߣзȥѳȥˣȫѹƣѪˮϵķɽ

һۣһӹȥһʵĲҽд֮£漶ĺ飬Ҳһɢ׵ؼ䡣


2205 ߲й
ѪƮڿУɢȥ졢С̫Ͱ׻ǲɵĲ¡
һ漶ڣôնˡ
ǿ
ɵǵô
û̫ȣʱ߱ն˹ȥ
ʦ֡

ǰ
Ҳڡ
޳ϴЦһַǳƽ͵ĸоŰ˵ͷ죬΢⻮
ʱ䣬Ѿﵽȸ߶ˣܲ

ںʱŸո̤ʥζѣһʱ䣬ʥһأѾǴﵽжΣͨûжԶˣٶȲνˡ
ǡɵһЩԵΪô졣
ǫѷ
Цǫ飬ԵҲʵһ֡
ʦ֣ǣ
ʱʵ
ʣ졢С̫Ͱ׻Ҳǲɵÿŷ
رĶЦ죺йء
΢㶣Լйأ
С̫Ͱ׻Щ棬кйصر
Ƭڣ֮ǰԻһΡ˲⣬ֿڣɨǰɽȣȷе˵ǺǱ߲ʽйء
⻰һ쵱Ƕݣ˲뵽ĳֶƬ
磬ʶейصĶ뵽ģֻнƬ
ͬʱԱߣС̫Ͱ׻Ҳݡ
ѵǡ
׻ۣʱ뵽˺һ¡
ĿֱӿǰƬɽȣһʱԼıԴǰɽӿȥͬʱͨʶڵ߲񽣡
ƺΪ̽Ƭɽȣͬһʱ乵ͨʶе߲񽣣ʱͻأӦ΢΢Ĳ¡
߲ɫϼ⣬ʶ˿˿Ƶĵ
򣬺ȻֱָǰƬɽȡ
У
ݡ
߲ķӦʣⷽɽڣŽƬĴڣ
־ϲ뵽ƬڣȻҲнƬڡ
߰ɣȥ
Ӧ֪ӦʲôЦ˵
֮ǰԭƬڣھƬ֮ʱӦ˺ʩչһģһϢΪƬ磬ǿƬ磬֣첢Ƭ磬ֻǱͬԴϢڹڣʱ߲ͬԻ߲ɫĹĲϡ
Ҳ߲ʹ⣬֮ǰĺߵ˱˹ٲȻΪ߲ʹΪ֪߲ʹضйأԣڹغߵˡ
ԵͷӦɽнƬĴڣʱȻǺܼС
£һֱӿɽڡ
ɽռСǳľأƣԵ÷ǳž
һٶȺܿ죬ܿⷽɽȵλá
ȥǰһƬǳտڣرûκһֲԵùͺͺģһȭͷС߲ʹԴڳ
⡭У׻ۣȻ֮ǰѾµ˷νĺ߲ʽйصĶǽƬʱȴ̲סԾǽô£ʲôôƬҲǽƬĴڣ
С̫ҲǵۣԴ˺ǹŹ֡
лһĨ΢⣬߲ʹԴҲǸӦ˺ǱһϢͬͬԴûκεĲͬ
ɫ糣Ϊһ͸Ӧˣҿɽڳ߲ʹ⣬ʱƬ⡣
ȻǾϲһ󣬵һ˲Ƭǰ
ڽƬԱߣȭͷСĽƬԼʶ㶯Χת
һ̣ವһƬһ߲ʹ⣬ֱӳ뵽ڣһʶУû߲֮ڡ
ʱ߲𣬽֮ϣƿʼңµĽƬаһڡ
֪ǽƬһֱɵܣתֻľʼЩܣԼΪ
ֻľתʱоɫʥ⸡ԣܹ
ʥʹ÷ɵñ΢¶ɫɫʥ
ʷϣɫδйǵһμǶݡ
ͬʱܿ죬ӦϢҲˣʦֵܵϢ˺ܶࡣ
Դ˹ž
һϣֻɲǶѣµ¡
ǰɫʥ֯Ƭ񽣺ܡ
侫񣬽ΪҲһƵߡ
¡
ͻȻطĪһڹԵص³


2206 ԭʼ
ڹһԵص׳𣬼ӵϢһɺ˵
ͬһʱ䣬д׵Ĺһ𣬴һʥ



һıѣɫʹɫ໥ʥ໥֯һʱʹ綼Ϊ֮·˻Ĵ㡣
춯ݣƬδȫ߲֮ڣһκǧԶڷͰԡ
ǣ
ȻҲǶΪһĻݣĿʱһ˲˲Ŀǰ
ϴǰΪ֮飬ųݣתۼ䣬¶һֱǧҵĵص׿ռ䡣
ȥһƬտɫĹâʹɫĹâ໥һͬǺڰ׽֯ɵһƬأȴɫͰɫĹ⣬ʲôҲ
ƺشơ𿪿ڣ˶٣ܲһ㡣
޽ظֵȻҲһЩٿԼ򵥵ĿһЩ
еԽ֯һ˲˲Ŀŵص׿ռڵĺڰ׹ԡ
ڰ׹һϢܾˡ
طܵն䱻Ⱦ˺ڰɫ
죬ʦܵһ¡
ת
ȻΪȲͰ𣬲켶ΪʩչشƵƿأȴҪͰǿ
ͷһתֻľطĽƬڵܣһתŵһƵƽ֯ŵص׿ռӶȥңͬһʱ䣬Ҳ˿һƽ֯˫֮ͫϡ
תۣʮȥ΢
ԭʼأ漶𣡡
Ϊ֮ݡ
Сӣ
׻
ô򵥵ľŸ֣ɲ֪ʲô
ѽ
С̫ҲٲȻǺͰ׻˼һ
Ͱûзʣ˶Ѿﵽͨ쾳ƾġԭʼء֣ڼ϶ģӦȻȻ֪һЩġ
濪ٺдԭʼ
ƽ͵У˿˿Ƶľâ
һأ

ͷ̷Ͱֿ֮ڣ˵ĸϸЩҲǻش׻֮ǰ⣬ԼΪС̫󣬵κ翪֮иԭʼϢԽ󣬿֮ԭʼϢԽǿҲԭʼм汾ԴϢ濪֮дµԭʼ
汾Դİںͼ϶ڵǳ¡طĵص׿ռڣǻԭʼУ汾ԴϢ̫֮ǷԶԶһԭʼԣܶ϶Ӧ浮֮
ȼԭʼ̺֮֮ΪˣңŷǳĵƬУԳʥϡ
⻰һ׻ۣС̫ҲΪ֮𺳡
漶ԭʼмĵƬУ׻ԣ˴룬Ҳ˵ЩԭʼУֱǵΪңܴȵ
ԡ
ͷ
׻һ˫۶
ǾǷ˰үϣСһһҲȿȥ
໵ĽУС̫Ϊ׾ѾҪ쾡ͷˣﵽͨ쾳ΣǴﵽͥ漶С̫ΪͣʱȻǼĺܣವһŵص׿ռȥ
챻⶯һһѽץ˻ˣ濪֮дȻܲͬʱҲµĻʣֱӳȥͨͨʿ
׻ԣ۾ʱɴ󣬾Ļëļٵģôţͨͨʿȥ
Ҫҷſ㣬ȥԣ
б
׻˵ˣҡͷҡĸ˹Ƶġ
˶٣ǵô죿Ҫôûа취
Ͱʱ򶼿죬Ҳ֪ԭʼڲдиֿµĻʣȴûа취֪ܲܰ쵽
ϾܸоĵЩԭʼдĻʲ򵥣ȻҲȷܲЩԭʼڵĻʣΪΪޣܷӳܣҲޡ
ѽ
С̫Ҳ죬ٲȻѯ졣
ӭŰ׻𡢰С̫ͷԣʱҪķѺܾãҪҡ
ΪʵϣҲ޷ƳԭʼڵĻʣɵڻк֮ܶңʱ߲ܵ񽣣໥ϣԽʵܶ࣬ԴʩչԽЩڵĻĨ


2207 ͥʮ
ɫɫ֮⽻֯ԭʼϢնȾ˲ڰɫ
ԾͿʼϽǻʸȫĨĨǺ
׻˫۷Ź⣬ߴط漶ԭʼΪڴ
бһֿۣͰ˵˵ͷɵ֮ӿޱȴϢڡ
֮ӿ룬ʱľתۼ˼ࡣ
һĻʹ÷ɵ¶⣬ǵһμ
ΪѾʩչǲȣ׻С̫ΪѾܶΣʱȻƽ
ˣ
֮ԴԴϵӿ룬ʹϢת۴ﵽͨ켶ˮ׼
Ȼʱͨ켶ˮ׼ֻʱԵġ
Ϊʱͨ켶תֻľڵܵٶȣÿ˲٣ͬʱҲתûص׿ռ䣬ʼص׿ռڵԭʼ֮ڵЩʡ
ԿԭڰԭʼУһƵâӿ͵죬ԭʼڳ𣬶ɢڿС
һĻʹ÷н΢ʣЩâԭʼЩʱۻ֮ʱԭʼڵĻʺ󣬽ЩΪʶĻȫų
ˣ
⣬ɫʥԽܼ֯ƽֲ֯ͬʱһչ֣һƬڵܣһ߷ԭʼеĻʡ
ͬʱУ뵽һЩ£طص׵ԭʼ֮֮ǰûԻǱطĽƬϢѹסˣطĽƬߣ񽣱壬ص֮µЩԭʼʧȥѹ֮Բǳ˵棬Ӷ¶˳
£ֻһαֲˡ
ϾûʲôıҪ
£תĸ£иûԭʼ֮ڣ֮еЩʣͬʱҲ汾ԴǨƳȥ
汾ԴȻûʲôԣȴҲʲôö
ˣһۼ䣬ʱȥ
ȥһ죬µĽƬѾȫ֮ڣϵ˸࣬ƬİҲȫϣΪ˲١ͬʱطԭʼڵĻʣҲ˴롣
תۣǰչȥ
պطԭʼڵĻʣȫĨ·һʱ㣬мΪ˵ʥ񷣬Ƭ϶ɵøײˡ
쵱֣Եصӿγһϣܣص׿ռԭʼȫѹһΧ֮ڣʥѹϺָܿ
ˣ
׻һĻ̲סʵоȥ֮ǰ̫ࡣ
Ҫʱ

ƬѾǳ񽣱ڣʼȫĨطԭʼеһֻʡ

Ƭ⣬ʮڣǿ߶ݣ¶â
漶ԭʼܴ⣡
ʮڣȺǿ߶ˣƵżΪ˵ʥһ

ˣ
⣬ƽ֯âŨܼӿԭʼС
ԭʼڣʱâ˿˿Ƶӿ
һۣʱȥ
ʱԭʼڣʱӿâԽԽ١
ܿͺã

һʱʱ䣬漶ԭʼͽȫ
ȻҲܲһ㣬нԲɵ˿˿â
Ͼ漶ԭʼǼΪ
¡
ͻȻƬ𶯣֮ϣƿȺʮռŻÿһռŻжһӰ߳⽻֯żΪ˵ϢֵһɲǱǳطתۼ伴
ʮߣͥеķΣʥޱŨң˿֮ǰǸ֮ػһʮǿ߲
һĻʹ쵱ݣͬʱͰҲΪ֮üһ±Ǳʥӿ
ʮ漶ǿһ֣ǵвǳ
ǹ漶ЩϼһôͻȻ׻ɵò£ƺ뵽ʲôΪ֮ǰϵǵԭʼʥ⣬ʹǸо漶ԭʼϢ
ò˵²⣬ǳ׼ȷ
֮ǰطԭʼڵĻʷĲʱʥԳϣʹļ˵ԭʼɢ˳ȥ˸һЩڵͥ漶ǿע⣬ʱȺ嵽
޶ݵʱ򣬳嵽ʮ棬Ҳһݡ
ֻ壬ӣᣬǾ
ʮΪԭʼȴ룬﷢ˣһʱ䣬иžâĿռ俦졣


2208 ײ
ʮͥ漶ĴڣԭΪӦ漶ԭʼӸϵΪ漶ԭʼȴ룬ط󣬾ֻ壬ԼС̫
һˣʮˣʱжǲɵâ
ǻֱɱ⣬ȫѹȡԭʼ
һ˵
֣
ʮ˲δһʼͬУȴİϾͥĹ漶ǿߣͬһӪ
ʱʮͬʱˣʥӿȫһ˶֡
һʱ䣬ʮɰʥӿϢֱӱдƬձ顣
⡭
׻ëսһУ漶һսʱͥһʮ漶ǿߣÿ˶֮ǰǸ֮ػһʮ߲һˣԲȫס
ѽ
С̫¡
ü֮ɫ
΢ѹǰӡһʱ佻֯˳
ͬһʱ䣬וּһ̶ʮռ
ʱȶˣٶȼ죬ֻһ䣬߲񽣳Уֱӳųʮһն¡
̼䣬һ߲ɫһ߲ʽƷ籩Ҫһж
飡
飡
飡
һѪˮƮڿУ㴥Ŀʮͥ棬һ뱻ɡ
⣿ҡ
һĻ׻ǵɴۡ
ѽ
С̫Ϊ֮󾪡
߲񽣣ܻˣʱ򣬾Ȼһʮ棡
ԭ׼֣ʱͣвɵоâֶ
ս
ʱӶݣ߲񽣣ʱսԤϡ
֮ǰǿ
֮ǰ֮Ϊʱɿͨ켶ǿߵĸ߶ȣ߲նһͥ棬ǵʱϢʱҲ֮ΪʱᵽͨڣҲǻ߲ʩΪʱɢս֮ǰȴǿˡ
ʮͥɣܿ춼סΣǶݣǴ󾪡
㣿
ʮ˿죬Ŀ𾪺Ͳţʮ漶ĴڣȻһȫնˣ
£Խܣʱʮȫ𾪺ͲţŭûС
У߲񽣽߲֯⣬Զʮߣǻʱ䣬ײ
ѰµĽƬ߲񽣸ǿˣʱױɻ֮Ϊʱͨˮ׼һսȲǰɱǸͥʱǿʮֹԷʮ˾ʱҪѹǣⲻٲȻǳŽײ
˵ţ̧֣һֱӱǴƬ߲ʽâɳᴩʮ
һεĽȷŸǿˣˣ·Ҫ涼ᴩ㡣
ʮͬʱɫʥĻ
ȻȴǸá
͵ģն߲ʽâֻһ˲ǻʮ˵ʥĻ۵Ľʮȫᴩ
ʺѪˮٴƮϡ
ҵ죡⣬⡭
׻۾ɵĸˣ֪߲񽣷ǳ£ȴû뵽߲񽣣Ȼô׵ѹƹ漶ǿˣ𺳲ѡ
һ̣𺳣þϲͼ໵ؽеСӣɵʮϰ鳣
ʵϣ˵һζˣе߲ٴλ¡
וּһǳƬ߲ʽâÿһƥˡ
ʮ滹סΣǱâϯҪֻܴܶæֳʥĻ
⣬ȻûκãʥĻ֮ͬǰٴα飬һ߲ʽȵʮ˵ϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һΣʮ˴󴴣߲ʽâ
оΣ
ʵ
ƽûдŷ̵ʮ˶УȴޱȵĴ̶
ſĶ
һ˺ʥӿһʱ֮ʮռΪ֮𶯡
ͬʱʮˣ֮ڵһʱ
ʱ䣬ʮϢӿǺˡ
û뵽Ը㣬ҵʩչ򣡡
ʮ˸ɭ䡣
Цųվԭûֻؽת̧־һ
ﬣ
ХӴ̶âӿ٣ʮ߲ʽɶ˲Ϣʮǰ
͵Ĵ촫ʮ˳̼䱻ն漴ʮֻؽâֱĹᴩʮڣƬѪˮʮȫնķѡ


2209 ֻؾŽ
ѪˮƮڿУ㴥Ŀʮͥ漶ǿѣⴴ
㡭
ʮ˵ɫһٱ䣬죬ʱ򸡳˾ŭ
ǿǹ漶ǿ߰ʱ֮ǣȴɵסһ
ȥСҪˣ
׻Ӳûɳǰһ̣ʮʱΪ쵣ģΪǺ֮жǿȻǿ֮ȴֻһ͸նķ飬඼ɵúݺһ飬̲סһ
ѽ
С̫ӣҲǱ𺳵ˡ
֮ǰ߲֮ն֮նɱ棬ɵʱϵĹ棬Ͼֻһ˶ѣʮͬʱȴһն֮ңȥȵԸһʱҪɡ
ȻȵˣһӣʱҲ¶˾ݡ
ǿ
µһӣʱ죬ŵô֡
ʼնվԭأ߲ʥڡ
Ŀʮͥϣһ̶ˣʱж϶ԭʼڵĻʵľֱӳʮͥȥ
ﬣ
𶯣߲ʽĿδƵʮ˽ǰնһ
Ľʱʮռȫ֣ԵϢʮһ
£ʮ˷ɿ޸壬ǰӭϡ



һ߲ʽʵ̫ǿˣֻɲǣȫ顣
ģʮ˺ɣڿѪסʱĽơ
Ҳʱ߲񽣣Ƶһ˽ǰ
һϮۣƵԣɫ壬ٺˡ
Ȼٶʱ죬ȴҪôһ˿˳һͱһն䣬ķ飬߲ؿ֮ϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽֻһ˲䣬նķ顣

˾ŭ飬ȴǲ࣬һ⳯Զ룬
ֻǣᣬ֮Ϊʱͨͨ켶εĻϣ߲ںһ½ƬøǿĻϣʱֻֽضתʮսɽ緢˰㡣
ֻؾŽ
ֵֽӡе߲񽣻һĽǶնһʩչԼֻؽеһںĴݱŵɫÿһɫ·նЯϢٶȿˣͻ˿ռƣӾŸͬĽǶȣһ˲Ǳƽǰ
ס
ۣ
澪ֵĻﱻϣգ۱ŵֻؽᴩ¾Ÿ͸ĿһѺӿȥ̵鿪
һĻʹط˶ǲɵֶݣϵıһٱ䡣
ʦܣĽ
žâԵİ𿪿ڣûнĻ˵ꡣ
о˳ʱһ۽ƵľȻһĽʦܵ콣Ҫǿ
ͷ֮ǰҼʩչֽ˶٣һ֮ǰʵ𡣡
׻ȫˣղնһâĹ켣ȫû壬ֻһɲǺ󣬱ǼǸͥ屻ᴩŸȻ鿪
ѽ
С̫ǵۣٲȻҲǱסˡ
ͬʱʮͥҲɫ
ʱ¿죬ʮ˾㤣ڲȥļɵ
ߡˣ
һҧ
£ʮȫˣʮƬ֮⡣
ʮˣԴڹ漶ȴһδαˣȻҲûܸıս֣Ѿһ˿ɵ;裬ʱ򣬿ֻؾŽһһ˵꣬ʣµʮηˡ
ʱȫ˳ƿ߲񽣵죬ǵȿ½죬ȫֵ̫ܵˣ£Զ
ʱವģʮƿʮͥ棬ת۱Զ
һҲ߲ˣ
Ц
ֱӣе߲ʩչֻؽһն£
һʱ䣬֮ڶʮռ䣬ߵʮ¡
ֻؽ⣬޲ĴӸͬķʮˡ
ʮ˸Ǿŭӣߵ·˿޷ˣֻǱӭսͬʱ֮ӭʱ߲񽣼ֻؽ⡣
Ҳʱƽʮ˽ǰֻͼ𣬼ʥϢе߲໥ϣֱһݺ¡


2210 ѹ֮
ֻͼ߲񽣣ԶʮսӺ䣬ǵʵ̫ǿˡ
һʱ䣬ʮͥ뱻飬ֻͼں߲֮ʮȫѹ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһıŽʮ漶ͥǿߣʱͬʱը鿪

ʮ˸ŭѣ˷ŭ𣬿
߲񽣣ȻƵǰʱֱһ˵ԣֻؾŽٴնȫԷĻᡣ

һֺĲҽ漶ǿߵ꣬ն顣

ڣڶ
ԶһĻ׻ɵӡ
ͥʮ漶ǿһѹȻŶã˱նɱ
ѽ
С̫ɴۣٲȻҲΪʱǿʵ̫ˡ
Ͱʱû˵ʲôֻһ˲˲Ŀǰս
ﬣ
̶ǰӽ߲֮ʮնʮˡ
ʮĸͥһԿ֮֮Լʶ֮ʱ̳𣬲һ˿Ĳ׾Ըִӭ߲񽣡
Ȼȴá
߲ڵõµĽƬ󣬱øǿ֮ԼֻضʮսʱĽ̫ˣʮĸֶνԱѹơ
۵ģһΣʮȫ߲飬ȾѪɶݿȥ
ҪߣȻʮձȫӲȥ
һһؾһ߿ڣҧֻ壬ĪҪ̫ˣ֪ҵȶͥҪԱҵȫɱͥԲš
ﬣ
ӶֻؾŽ˵Ļֱӽ飬նɢ
ͼ

ͥһֱͲŹȴȻ÷Ц
ƫͷʮˣʮ˶˵ʲô߲񽣱ɱȥ
һʱ䣬ϵĽƬռںƵѪˮͣա
֮ΪʱɿͨǿߵĲΣֻضʮս߲񽣴߶ֻؽս֮ǿһʱʮͥסҲУԵǰҲֻͽͶѡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ʱ䣬һιȥʱѪըתۼʮ˱նɱ
Ҫɱң
ʮͥ棬ʱֻʣһˣشġ
첻мֻ߲ؽֱӽ飬ҲһĨ
ʱطһ¾Ͱ˲١
⣬ǡ
Զ׻ɴۣݺݶ¡
ʮͥ漶ǿɱƿ֮񾹾㱻ȫնˡ
ңΪҪǣ̣ǴھԵϷȫѹ֮ƽʮĨɱڽ¡
Щˣ

С̫۵
ͰԶ죬Ҳ˿˿Ƶľâ֯
Ѿǿˣǿܶࡣ

ͷʱȻΪ߲ϣʹõǰսǿ󣬵ǣǿǿܹӵܹʹҲǼһʱǼʵһ֡
Ҳʱ߲񽣣¿˻ڷԱߡ
ܲ˾ޣ
˿Ҳ֮⡣
ǰˡ
ǫ
ʮͥɱȫĨɱⲻֻһСص׿ռԣ漶ԭʼڵĻʽоĨ
Щص׿ռڵԭʼڵĻʣԭ֮ǰѾǱ˴룬ʱʼǣŹȥһʱʱͣ
ȥص׿ռڣ֮⽻֯һ𣬱ޱƽͣʥŨ
ˣ
˵
ˣ漶ԭʼڵĻʣȫĨ
ԣ׻һϲ˵ֱˣ
ͷ
յ׻ವľͳȥүϣСһһ
С̫Ӧڰ׻֮Ҳص׿ռڡ
תۣûԭʼڣ漶ԭʼžʼϢǷɿ
ǰҲȥɡ
ԷͰ
漶ԭʼΪȻǶԹ漶ˣҲв׵á
ͷЦδĸˡ
һӣʼոһֺƽ͵ĸо
ǰˡ
Ц
漴ͷԼһ̤ص׿ռ䣬ûԭʼУ־ͬλãתԵĹžЩԭʼ塣
һʱ䣬ͬ׻С̫㣬Ϣһ
Ȼûа׻С̫ǰ죬ϾǵΪȰ׻С̫ߺܶ࣬ǷΪһǿģϢҲԡ
תֻľȡԭʼ壬ΪȻȻоɫʥԽ֯
磬ҲԭʼΡ
˶ٺ󣬽ӻ


2211 쾡ͷ
ӿٻ£Ҫܡ֮ǳ߲ϵݲʹ֮ǣã漶ԭʼҲʹϾ漶ԭʼ濪֮
ˣ
һطԭʼԼΪһԭʼӿڣڵĸ֮ڡ
ʱɽӶʼ仯ɽͱԽ׳Խӿ㣬ڲϵ죬ԽӺ嫣ԽԽŨ
ԣ
лһĨâ
²һطԭʼȻܹʹ
ңоȥ֮ǰİ֮ܺԴٽЧӺá
£΢΢һԭʼݻ硣
ͬʱֻľתţԭʼɫʥԽ֯⣬ʱƱԽԽŨľΪһƵ

棬һƬڡ
䣡
˵ʥܺƵһзУʮ֮Ϣ
ʮʮ׷һŮͼһɷ졣
Կǵˣ
ʵ򣡡
ʮߣ
ԿɫЩ԰ףԻԡ
Կߣҵסǣ
Ӻὣأ졣
֮ǰԿһӭս֮ػһʮʮϣԷʮ˺ͼʵ̫ڿ£ճ룬׷
Կһʼֻ߸ʮϵ׷ܶԷ˴ͼԿȴҲܹǿӦԣȻģһа˸ʮϽ٣ʮʮǿ׷ɱԿʮ˺ͼȫѹǡ
ҪһߣҪսһս
ԿȻܶ롣
ʮʮߣʥⷭӿʮž˵֮ˣӽԱˡ
þᣬһҲ߲ˡ
һ
¡
ʮǿߺͼ߶ĸӿ£޾ԩ˻ɷʮ

棬һƬڡ
ˣ
ڵص׿ռ䣬ԭʼƣֻľתԽԽԭʼӿڣֻľĶ֮£ӵİƬԭʼ֮˿˿ƵӿѪ⾭֮ڣʹ֮ϢԽԽǿ
ͬʱ类ԽԽԭʼӿ룬ı仯Խԣֱ嫣ϢԽԽŨ
ˣʱɿţһۣչȥ
պһ죬ص׿ռԭʼȫľûһ˿һ¡
Ҳʱ˫ۣУâһû˿˿ľɫ
쾡ͷ

漶ԭʼӵܡԭʼ͵Ƭ̫ˣֻľԭʼڼһ죬Ϊ֮ǰжδﵽ쾡ͷܹоԼı仯ʥ磬׳ʶ⣬ս֮ǰһ޴
ﵽ쾡ͷãļ֮κεıȫͨͨǿһսңܹɱεǿߡ
ͬʱӦ磬漶ԭʼݻ֮ƬӺˣɽΰѾﵽ˿ɱĳ̶ȡ
ã
оâ
Ƭ磬ҲһɱսʱԳɱս
ﵽɿĳ̶ȣܸĺôǾ޴ġ
໣쾳ˣүҲˣ
Ա׻˷ܳ
ƫͷȥһɨ֣׻Ϊ׾ﵽڡ
С̫С̫Ͱ׻һҲǴ׾ﵽڡ
ֿͰΪϵı仯оȥǲԣϾ˶Ѿﵽͨ켶߶ȣж˵ʵ˶١ʱˣֻܸо˵Ϣ֮ǰ˲١
ĸҺʦջ񶼲ס
Ȼע⵽Ŀ⣬ٲȻҲ֪ʲôЦſڡ
æ֣ĸǰô˵ʵڲ˼
֮ǰӦʶеصϢΪػͥĹˣܸм
˵ǷطͥЩˣطĽƬ˵ᱻͥȡߣϾƬȻֻӦӵ񽣱û񽣱ޱų⣬ͥĵʵ̫ˣЩһӽƬпֶܻνƬߣǰ㣬ʧʹˡ
ƬȡߣԭʼضҲͥЩУֲĨԭʼڵĻʣòЩԭʼ
ԣãĨԭʼڵĻʣʹ÷˶漶ԭʼ£Ĳʲô


2212 ֮شͨ
֮ǰѾһΡĸһεȻʵЩĸоͦ˼ΪǷΪػƬƬпܱͥߣԭʼҲ
ʼմźƽ͵Цܽ飬Ļٶ˵ʲô
ǰǰͥһЩ£ǰȥ¡
쿪ڣ򵥿ٵĽѪʯºͷ¡
Ѫʯ֮ػһͼĺϣһȫѪʯѾҵʮѪǱý֮һһٵܻٶپͻٶ١
һĿѪʯպڶͼǺ󣬱ϾѾǼʶͼˣǺˣһͼǱǵǿ߻Ҫǿܶ౶
֪һЩѾٵԭȥһ;뵽Ƭ硣
Ԥϣ𿪿ڣ֮ͬǰİ㣬ҲѾ֪£ңȻǶһ˻ٵ޴Ѫʯ
֮ǰɷͼĺϣ⡭ȫٵ
׻¡
֮ǰҲĿùͼĿֲǵȻɷ̫ˡ
ͷЩѪʯĴλãѾ֪ȥһһٵǡ
Ӧˡ
ͷ
£һ뿪Ƭ磬ȥѪʯڵأ֮뵽һƬڣܿƬĴһѪʯ
Ѫʯ󲢲ʮӰڴˣһͥһʮ꣬Լʮ켶ͥʿͥʮվһԣûжֻ֣ǿʮ켶ʿʥ㣬ռ·Ѫʯ
һûκڣһʱǱʮ˸֡
ֻ壡ʮһϮѪۣ쾡ͷΪ֮ػһһˣȻֻ֪£иâͬʱҲע⵽˷𡢰С̫ǣȻݵĲ
Ϊ֮ػһһĵˣ֪£ܶࡣ
ˣѹǣ
ԣͨһɫһ˲˲ĶˣȻҲ֪˵ݡ
ͬʱʮ켶ͥʿȻҲˣʱͣĿϣжźڵĵ⡣
ʮͷֻ彻ңɱѹ
ǣ

£һǰһ󣬳һ˱ȥ
ʮĿϣ
λǰС̫дһԵǰս
Ҳʱ쿪ڣô˵
Ż䣬ֱӶˣһ޾ԶɲǼʮǻ߽ǰ΢ָ̧ն¡
וּһֱʮ־ɫ
㡭
ۣ
ʮ󾪣ٶȺͽ𣬲Ÿ³һ㡱ֱǱʮһâֱӹᴩһüĴ͸顣
ͬʱҲѣٲȻû뵽ǿâᴩؿڣ屻âĴźɳȥǧԶ
⣬ǡ
׻ۡ
𡢰С̫Ҳһ¶ɫ
֮ǰǶɱ漶ǿߣǸʱϾ֮ΪԼǽ߲񽣵ǿʹȻ
ʱȴǺ֮ǰͬʱȫ˼ȫԼ쾡ͷΪһնɱһ֮ͬػһҽһͨ켶ĺɣ⵱Щˡ
ͬһʱ䣬طʮ켶ͥʿԴɫ
ǡλˣݡ˵һһĵ˰Ȼɱˣ
ˣ˴ͨ쾳ȻҲ
˲
ƫͷЩˣ⵭ĮֻնϢļ

Ĳҽʱ𣬴˷
ֻնĹɫţר꣬ʱ̹ʮ˵꣬ʹʮڶݵĲҽ֮뵹£תۼȫû˶
ˣǻڣȴˡ
ǡ
ݣоâԼоֻն
ҲԴʥ澪ޣ
һӶоǷǷһμרɱҷʱȫûɫѭ
ҲʱԶʥƬĳվֱ顣
ɵĻסΣʱ¿˻
㡭ôĵӣ
죬оŭɱ졣
⾪ŭΪ쾹ȻɱҪʮ꣬ǿ֮ػһһˣԷǰɱӲ˸ϵд鷳
ΪȾŭʱ·ʮʿɱҲȫûйȥ⣬ȴԼͨ켶ǿߣҲ˵¡


2213 ͨӶ
ŭɶĶ죬ʥⷭӿɱ嫺
쿴ˣûж˵ʲôһǿ˹ȥ
ˣ
Ӷֻȭֻȭ⽻֯оɫȭâơ
ŭһֱӭϣͨʥܾԡ
һΣΪ׼߲֮ͬǰǰ㣬˲ͻˣгһ˳ǹ԰ɣϲƵۣһֻȭ⣬ɨȥ
ʣһͨ켶ıܼΪǿᡣ
޾壬ӭϣչκαͽֻȭŻߵİǹӭϡ

ȭͷͶԷİǹײһ𣬶ʱ䴫һ̶ĽϵĿռΪ֮Ť
ٴλȭֻȭâ鲼ߡ
߸ǾŭΪսپѹԸˣֱӼͨ켶ȴ룬һ쾡ͷʿȻȫˣ
ϣ
һͺͨ켶ǿаǹƬǹâ
Įȫ޾壬˫ֻֻȭȭʽ̸



̶ĽϻŻԵϢӿȵ
켶磬ͽֺͨ켶˸ǿʵʱ
ǿ

£쾡ͷʱܵƾܺͨ켶ķ
ǰ׻С̫ԵЩƽϾǷǳж̬Ϊֻ壬Ǳͼ᲻ɴݣͬ嶼֮ϣһ·ϴˣȻȻǸӿ¡
쾡ͷʵǺͨ켶ǿǺġ

ʱһ촫Ӷֻȭһڻİǹ֮ϣͨ켶ıķѣֱӱ٣֮¡
Ӿŭͨ켶Ȼ㱻ٵˣ⡭
ﬣ
ƵԷͨ켶ֻؽľɫâϯӸͬĽǶȹߣһâԷС
۵һѪˮŽǺɡ
źɳȥһٶԶ˱סΣĶ졣
Ķ
ŭͨ켶ǿߣ񣬾Ȼһ쾡ͷ˻ˡ
ŭ𣬺¡¡ģڵʥʼʶ󵱼һʥӰ󸡳Ϊһǿͨ켶ͨ·Խһжݻٵ
ɱ
ʶѹ䣬֮ͨһ޸壬ٴι졣
ֻ壬ձ£
ӭӭʶͨâʱһѹУϾǴ쾡ͷΪϲһ󾳽蹵ȫԼ֮һսʮսֻضͱԴɵһȻɡ
оѹɱȴû˿仯Ǵӭϣֻ壬ݻֻȭֻӶֻؽȭâͽ־ɫӭ˵ͨ
䣡
䣡
䣡
߽棬֮󶯵
һۣʱȥ
ʱļսһ̣ʥķ˲٣ɫ΢һЩеͨʥ۳ֻؽֱԷš
ۣ
ѪˮŽķѣΨ岻˳ȥ
׷ϣֻնϢļֱӺڶԷϡ

ⴴ̲סҽϵŵŵɺˡ
ӵĮᣬֱӷ籩Ĺ
ֻȭâֻؽ⡢ֻնԼȻȣһһ̼һδشԷ

߾ŭ㣬ͨ켶ǿߣȻһ켶ʿѹˡ
¡һڵâӿӲʶںһݻһ޴ḥ̂ϢҲ֪֮ǰЩǿ˶ٱΪˡ
죬ɱһ켶ˣƵıȫ
Ż䣬ĥֱӳֶ¡
ʮռ䣬ȫ
о˱ȸղŸ޴ѹȻϵıûκεı仯
ˣ
ֻͼ𣬵һʱʥҺƥϢȻںϣǿֻͼƺƵĳӭϡ
תۣײһ
¡
綼Ϊ֮һѣһݡ
ˣϯ
漴󣬻ɶʥãѪˮסԿѾǲѺۣȫǧٿס
㣬㡭
¿죬ͨ켶еľŭ֮⣬ϸ˾㤡
Ѿ۷֮ǣȴȻû죬ˣʱ޸ˣʶе꣬ǳѺۡ
죬ʱ΢ֱӵͷһ⳯Զ롣
ˣȫУ
Զ׻¡
ѽ
С̫˫ۡ
һս˭ʤ˭Ȼԣ쾡ͷΪȫѹͨڵĻһδνԷشʱʹöԷ˿־壬ֱѡ
ǷͰҲ⸡֣սԲݣ̫ǿˡ
ಣ
ƿٶȼ죬ʱȫսԼӶݡ
Ӳˡ
ԷֱӱǱȥתۼ佫Է¡
ֻͼٴθ֣ȻںϣƺƵѹ䡣


2214 һ֮նɱͨ
ֻͼ֯źƥϢȫ¡
֣Ĵ߶ʥֻͼӭϣҿ
ֻǣʱļսαشʱѾޱսѾûʣ¶ˣӭֻͼѹ£סʥ˲

ôһֻ֣ͼ֮¼ѹ䣬ңøǿ
תۼ䣬ֻͼڻϣ֮ķ飬ͬҲһһ
һʱ䣬طļսٳһӾͱðࡣ
ʤ
Զ׻ɵõǸоľЩ˷ܡ
ѽ
С̫һ㡣
ǿͰʱҲǽ֯һƵľâ
첻κȫԼʵ쾡ͷΪնͨڵǿڡ
ݹ۹ŽʷµмˣӦ˵ǿʡ
ǰѪʯ֮ϣʥĵĲˣɫ΢ЩףȴǾâ֯
ȫԼκ쾡ͷΪɱͨڵǿߣʹЩɾ͸УϾ쾡ͷͨڵĲǼġ
ã
ͨ켶ĻΪһսԼս⡣
ͬʱֻľתʮռڵ壬ָĵʥ
Сӣˣ
׻С̫˹
ܾˣ
ͰҲǰЦŵ
С
ǫŵ
طѪѾһС룬еɷ֯ڿУͷԼһ֣Ѫʯ󳹵׻ٵֻһӡ
ʮһһȥٵ


ͷ
£һ뿪طѾ֪ϢǰѪʯڡ
ھͨѾԶͨͨ켶ʿ㶯֣սĥ£ɺ̤ܿͨΡ
;У˵
ǰ˵ǣҲġ

漶ԭʼѾﵽ쾡ͷͨ쾳ȷʵûжԶˣ֮ǰնɱǾ뷨֮ͨڵͥΪսսսͻƵͨ쾳ȥ
һͻƵͨ쾳սԻᷢһ췭ظı仯ԶڿȣǸʱ򣬶һͨ켶ǿߣָܵĨɱ
ͬʱʱֵΪ˴ҲþΪ
ѽҲҪ
С̫ĵ˻Сצӣһиɾģ
Сɣү˶øǸɵ׻Ѱĵرʲôģүһ
һƣͨ켶µģСһȥս
үЦѡ׻ۣͨµķĽүСһ
޸·ڸļз֮䣬֮һƬ硣
ƬҪʮңƬĶѰһѪʯڿ֮Уһ֮ػһ忰ȹʮǿߡһͥ桢ŸͨԼʮ켶ǿߣݿνΪˡ
طδκڣǵһʱͱһ˸֡
һͥǿߣһ䡣
ȫ¡
ʮǿߵ
ʱʮǿߺͥڣͥʿԶ
ŸԼһӦԣ
졣
սʲô̶ʲô̶ȣ
컰򵥣ֱӿŸȫֻؽͬʱŸ
Աߣû˵ʲôĿϼ׵ͥϣֱϣ콣Ƶ漶ǿ֡
죬۰𣬶Ͱ֮ҲһˣͼѹǱʮ֮ػһǿߡ
ѽҲϣ
С̫԰׻סʮǿߣд˶Ǵ쾡ͷ
ವһСһֱӳ˹ȥɫһչ񷶼ȼˡ
׻໵ĽУǸһɱȥ
䣡
طֱӱսʥԵâӿ
⻷ʥԣ֮һսŸֻֻͨնֻȭֻؽȴһһֻͼҲһչ
ˣܿ죬߸ʱȥȾѪ˲ˣԼ֮κŸͨȫն
@#%׻ëҪҪô̬
ʵǿС̫ǿѪһʮͬǿߣǷǳ򵥣Ѿȫڿ;Ÿͨսʱ쾡ͷΪȫƾżһ˽Ÿͨ켶ȺȫնɱǱĲᣬ̲סݺݵ˿Һ


2215 ̤ͨ
׻𺳣С̫𾪣һߣͰΪ漶ԭʼΪһЩս˴ҲǶѾ˸ԵĶ֣ʱ죬ûа׻С̫ǰ𺳣ȴҲżŨľâ
쾡ͷΪȫκεһͬʱӭսŸͨ켶ǿߣ󣬾Ȼ̽Ÿͨ켶ǿȫնɱǺεȵ죿
£ƺֻʦ

ʱͨȾѪϴʮǰ͸ĿอƻˣڴϢ
쾡ͷΪһͬʱԾŸͨ켶ǿߣȻն˾ˣȻɣ˼صˣʵѾǲپˡ
ˣ
תֻľǣʮռڵΪơ
ֻľɵľɫʥȻȻзǳ֮ʱתȹžӿɫʥ֣ƿʼɿ޸
Ϊ˵ĺأ֮ȥʱǽȫ޸á
ΪһЩ
޸ƣӦ¼־ͨ쾳ˣƺʱͻơ
ʹ⣬оâһû
ˣСԽԽ̬ˣ
ŵʱΪˣ׻𡢰С̫ûдţֱʱƻָһ˲˹׻۵
С̫䵽ͷĽ
սǿԵúǸˡ
Ц£СһСԴ
طս׽ͥȫĨɱͷԼ֣Ѫʯٵûֱͣ뿪Ƭ硣
֮ػһֵѪ֪ģʮ֮࣬ŵλҲ֪뿪Ƭ֮ѰЩѪ꣬Ѱȥ
һۣ¹ȥ
µʱͷȺٵʮѪУͨȻ٣ϵͨһ£καȫԼӭսȼǿĥԼʵһԹͬӭսʮһͨǿߣȴǻʮһͨ켶ǿȫն
ȷʽĥ£ЧԶ׼ģÿһμս֮ΪһЩңʥԼԼĹžȵƿʩչҲ˳
ºһ죬ͷһҵһѪطͨڵͥŶʮˣһ֮ȫ£ͬսʮˣʱƾżʮŸͨ켶ȫնɱ
󣬼ͬһʱ䣬Ǳ鲼ѪˮҲƲʥͻأ΢¡
ˣ
񷱬̼һƬڣһ޴иֶҲ֪ôķΧѪɫн֯һͷͷѪɫŭ
⴦Ѫ󸽽ն漶ںʱûж֣ʣһͥ弤սʮ켶ǿڱС̫Ͱ׻׷ſ񹥣ʱһĻǲɵʱͣ£볯Ų֮Ͽȥ
٣
΢ȾѪ죬лһĨտտ
ͨͨˣ
׻ۣĿֱϡ
ѽ
С̫ǵɴۡ
Ҳй֣Ƕֻ֪վÿ̤һ󾳽ͻ׷ͨʿһʱٸоٵܣϿգȻһ˲뵽׷ΪɲǼ֪ʱ̤ͨ쾳
ȻǺͰ𽻷ͥ棬Լʮͥ켶ǿߣʱҲǶݣɫ

Щ˲µ׷ʱĿȫϡ
ˣ
ڶж񷶼ըˣԵϢǵض£ǿЩˣƺҪ涼ݻٰ㣬˵㡣
׻͵Ķ£ʱͨ׷֮£ֻо嶼ˣ궼һӾʹë
ѽ
С̫Ҳǲɵö£ʱ׷ѹµĻϢ̫ˡ
ͥʮǿ߸ˣ亹һʱ両֣ס
һ̣طҲͷ𡢰ԼǸŵͥһЩϾʵǿľҪ࣬ԶԶһʿɱȡ
ˣ
иӺˣ֯ĻϢøӺˡ
׷ģʱȾѪ̧ͷϵ׷һ߶ȼƼΪѵĳ쾳ˡ
쾡ͷΪκһͬʱͶʮŸͨ켶ǿһսȻն˶ʮˣԼʱȴҲ˴ʥĹˣһɶпʱɱ£Ȼܵסͨ켶׷ʱ˳ͨ쾳ȴ֮޸Ȭſɿʼɽ١


2216 ϮΣ
߶ȼУ֮ѵѹԼľ硣
ܿ죬ȥϵͻأ΢󻺻ɢ˿ȥ
Ƭռ±֮ǰǵȻϢתʧӰ١
ڴϢѪֻľתʮ޸塣
ʱ˳ͨΣǿлصͷʹ׷ɢȥ
ˣ
ֻľתŵľɫʥ⸡ɿ޸ơ
ʱ˳ͨ쾳׻ڣȻ棬ѾǵһμһʱǲµʱʲôĿʮ켶ͥǿϣವľͳ˹ȥͨâƵѹ£Сһ˽ǣ
ѽ
С̫Ӧɫֱӳ𣬺Ͱ׻һ޲𹥻ʮͥǿߡ
һʱ䣬Ѫˮһըȫ֣֮ǰѾնʮ켶ǿߣʱ򣬺ܿǽʮǿȫն
ﬣ
һߣ̶ĽصҲȾ˲Ѫ˺صˣʱ콣߶ޣеһںĴڹȥʮ֮󣬽֮սͥնķ飬󽫶Է꣬Ҳһ
ʱ䣬طֱӱüžͥǿߣȫĨɱ
⣬ɫʥƣһƵӿʹƻָ
ˣһʮȥƵȫ޸ȴԶͬʱͶʮŸͨ켶ǿһսĨɱˣ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ǰҴҪչ졣
Է
ǰƣȻֻľǱѰҪ׻ָȴҲǵúķʱſɰ쵽ǿԿʼɽ٣֮ټݻѪʯ
Ȼ֪˿̵״̬Цŵ˵ͷ
طѪʯѾ֮ǰսбݻ٣£ͷ뿪úѰһķϵĴ磬ȻȴǳųϵطǻĮͨݹľѿ
ѡȻչˣԭһȻ̵ĵطͺʺϱչأõĻᱻ˷ָšǣƬͬʱֻ̣ûκ֮Ƴ׻ֱָӾͿƬߴڶ٣ȥѰʺ϶ɽٵĵط
Ƭ磬ͷһɳ֮󣬷ͰΪȡһЩ鵤ҩһתֻľƬˣһЩ鵤ҩ
ΪƬڵԵ÷ǳϡЩ鵤ҩƵúķʮʱȫָ
ˣ
⣬ľɫʥƣһƵ۷״̬ȥ

棬һƬڣзС
谵Ĺз޴ͼʣ֯ɷ
ʮʮ߾ͼ£ͼƵɷһŮ֣ǿɷʹ˱ʣȻԼһŮԿ
ʵԶδָ۷壬ҲҵȺķ˴Ӧ˵治㣡һĿɨԿϣк⽻֯϶µȶҲﵽĸ߶ȣҵȣ
һЯͼ׷ɱԼԶûлָ۷Կ߸Яͼ׷ɱˣʮ׷ɱˣٵĶʮϺͼʱ²ǽѹʹʮǿȻʱʤˣɹѹˣɫȴܲÿ
ǿ˲࣬ۼսǺԿԼȣ̫Զ
ԿҲͰˣϾ֪Կжǿһ嵱ĵһˣǣӣֻͨ˵ҲɳĲΣñǿʵЩܲˣɫһƬ
裡
Уһ߶֣֯֯ɱֱӳԿѹ¡
ȴǱԱߵһֹˡ
Ϊ
ü
ôֱɱǣ̫˷ˣдáǲһŮֻΪޣΪֻػԼ嵽ǰ
ŵͬʱǸӡǸС桢ԪʺϵٲȻǳ֮һ𣬵ʱһѹǼ϶ֱնǸСһǸħ
ԣ߶ʱΪ֮ݡ
ʮһˣҲоâ֯ǻȥúòһ
ȻǶãǳã

棬ߴڡ
ˣ
⣬ɫʥƣɫʥ⽫ܱߵնȾ˾ֲͬɫ


2217 ͨ׷
ɫʥԽ֯ܵĿռȾһƬɫ
תֻľǣʮռڵԼȡһЩɵҩ񵱼һܿٶȻָ
˵Ҳᣬͬһ㣬Ҳһϥ£תžˡ
С̫Ͱ׻ûʲôˣһΪͰ𻤷
ʱָͬɳţһۣչȥ
պһ죬ľɫʥŨһΪ˵ĲΣһ˫ۣУâһûǰĿռ䶼΢Ť¡
Сӣˣ
׻˫ۣʵ
С̫Լǰ޸ƵİʱҲ
ˡ
վ
ʱ䣬ȻȬȫָ۷״̬
ǾͿʼɽ٣ͨεֻ壬һʱ䣬ү;ô̼
׻˫ۺ
ͷǰȬǴ̾Ͷɽ١
Ͱ׻𡢰ԼС̫߾ԭأԼǰתгȥɾ룬ͣ¡
һƬߵĴ磬ȴ֮⣬ȫûڣҪ˼ʲôֱӷſϢ³ͨ쾳֮ڡ
ˣ
ɫеһʱ両ֶ˲޹⡣
ڣѪɫһ֯Ϣǵض£
ǡ
ɣ˫Ŀн֯˿˿Ƶ΢⣬һ˲˲ĿǷУȻǰѾһΣʱ򿴵ȴǲɵΪ֮ݡ
ͬʱС̫Ͱ׻Ҳһ޶жоâ
ˣ
һ𣬴̶ǳжϢøӿ¡
֮ӿȡ
վ֮ģȻĸоٵĻϢж£ȴûһ˿һļɵ

ӭŲ
£𣬵һ׷ֱѹ£֮һƬƬ̮
һƬ׺Ѫɫ׹۶ɣӿѪɫˡ
н֯âܣκεֵӭϡ
תۣ׺֮ûֱѪˮŽ
׺ɢȥϸѺۣѪɫ׹⽻֯˿ڴ͵졣

Ų񷣬ֿڡ
һ׷ʵ׾ܵ£ǣûȥǹܣǿ췣֮ʹ±øǿ
ˣ
𣬵ڶ׷ѹ¡
ԴˣɲκȥӲӣɵҲ
ɵΪıԴڱ֮׷ϴ񣬿ɱøǿ
ڶ׷ת۽ɵһû
󣬵׷׷׷׷׷ѹ䣬һֱһֿ£ɢĻ֮һֱһֺˡ
ӭЩ׷ʼӲӣȫֵѪˮһδεıŽ
Сӣ氮Ű
Զ׻ӡ
̵ֲķʽԴԼԼǿǾûȥģ̫ʹˡ
Ͼǿ׷һκηϣǵʹǷ˼ģ;ͷƤ飬
С̫׷µһδαѪˮŽҲǲɵӡ
ͰУʱвɵö΢⸡֡
Ϊ˱ǿСʦҲǲ̵ĶԴԼ걻תѾȥôˣСʦ
дɫͬʱٲȻ뵽Щʲôŵĺ⽻֯
һʱ䣬ϵĿռŤ˵Ľ⽻֯ıѡ
С̫Ͱ׻Աߣ⽣һ

׻ڣɵö£ʱɢĽ֮ǰսͥʱҪֲܶ࣬궼ɵð
ѽ
С̫Ҳۡ
û˵ʲôɢĽ⽥ƽϢȥʹָܿ
ĬŰĻٲȻҲǻ£Ƭ̺ſڣõģʦڣСʦܳκ⡣
֪Ҳһֱһ㣬ֻǣվһҲġҵлĺԶľԶԶûкϸ񡣡
޹ء
ҡͷ
˲˵ʲôĿǰ׷С
ˣ
׹׷һһ¡
׷Ӳ׷켺ֱʮһ׷ѹʱվԲκεֵĳϴ񣬿ʼתֻضֵͨ
ˣ̶ܿ죬һ׷ѹ£ͬǰ漸ٵһ׷ǰ㣬һܼӰʹͷʿжϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰԽ֯ޱȵĻϢʼһֱǺƺƵ£ҪһС


2218 ͨ켶ֻ
ӰܼԲѹ䣬ϢԲڵĿռȫ֡
ӭһ׷η壬ֻضʮսֻ壬ֻͼֱȻںϣ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ĺֻͼ֮£Ӱһ١
תۣʮȥطеӰȫ֮ϵ΢𣬶󽥽ɢȥǻԵϢҲһʧתۼ䲻
ϴЩѪˮһЩˣȴأת֮Ȭ
ΪֻضʮսɽپѾ˺ܶ࣬ԴֻľʹֻرԴ󻯵ķǱܣӶֻضʮսټֻɽٱǸӼˡ
ˣ
ϣɢȥù߲Ƹ֣ͷϿ˿˿Ƶ߲ʺ⣬֮С
֪֮֮һʱתֻض߲壬֮Լȡ
⣬ɫʥԽ֯Խ財
ˣһۣӹȥϵ߲ʧľɫʥԱø貣˵ľʢһ¯
ӼǵһʱоԼı仯ڵʥһʵı仯øǿᣬǱø׳󣬷·֮ߵƺȭͷܻٵһƬ硣
ңΪﵽͨ쾳磬ʱо綼ˣĿһжñ˺ܶ౶ָоͷ·ʱһ㡣
ã
տտĹܹĸоԼǿ
һƮеһЩϹƬ
ЩϹƬɵ׷󻯳ɣ΢ϹƬپ£תۼ۳ɵеӡǱøӶˣɢѹҲǿһΪ˵ĲΣƺһܴݻС
ǿ
һ𣬼ɽϣ˹
ܾˣ
Ҳڡ
˶һˣʱȻܸоɵǿ󣬷ǱѰ
λǰˡ
ǫѷЦɵڡ
ʱ򣬷Բ֮ڣٲȻǿһõˣƲڣطռ仹ڲʱŤȻѾɢȥܾҲδָ
ͨ쾳ˣͨ켶ֻ壡׻죬˫۷⣬˴צӵϽҸطһս
ͨ죬֪·ϵǿ磬ʱ뵽ΣɵЩ˷ܣʶһ£սжǿ
⸽һѪȻ󣬵ٻͨ켶ء
죬º͵Ц
ȻһӣʱҲͬ׻һ㣬Ҳ뿴һųǿʵ죬ﵽͨκսܴﵽһεȵĲΡ
ӭŷĻЦŵ˵ͷ֪ᵽѪںδоɫʥԸ֣죬䵽𡢰С̫Ͱ׻ϣһ˲Ϣʧһ̳Ƭ϶С
漴Ǽ䣬ͷˣ뵽һƬµĴ֮ڡ
ȥƬɽΰŨͺ൱
⡭
׻ۡ
ѽ
С̫Ҳǵۡ
ʥƶֻǼ䣬Ǵ֮ǰƬ磬Խз죬ƬڣٶȣǸо㤡ǵĸоͷ·𵱳Կռͨ˲ƶһ㡣
ȻǷͰʱҲǲɵ˿˿â
ǿ֮

̤ͨʱٶȣʮ֮һȲϡ
ңҪǣĸоʱƶֻΪûôʵ
Ц⵭ʥƣһ˲һٴʧһ֯ŵɷĳɽ䡣
ȥǰʮӰ˴ͨΣ˶켶ΣͥеķΣŵľ񣬽Ǻܾˡ
ʲôˣ
һ˳תЩ˵ע⣬Ŀȫ˹ȥ
漴ͨ켶Уһ˵ݣĿֱֱϡ
㣡
һ꣬ٲȻϵ죬ʱ죬⵱ħӿоɫͬʱҲ˺Ṵ̃ͬһ㶢졣
쿴ˣӺһ㣡
ͬʱ׻С̫Ҳ붯ݡ
Ϲͥ
׻ĥ


2219 ͨ쾪
ͥеķΣ⽻֯ħһ۾ϳˡ
ħ
ˣиâ
ںʱ磬ֻʱ¶ȥֻرԴʱԷ֮ͥˣȴ룬ԷҲƬ棬ҴͥķΣѾͥԱΪͥǿߡ
Ͱû˵ʲôֻǾĿš
طĸͥĿҲϣħķӦһʵʶ
ʮʿҲǲɵÿħ
ЩͥʿڣΪޣȻʣͬʱΪͥڵĵλҲܸߣֻ£ȻҲ֪֪µģҲǹ漶ϵˣ֮ػһ
ֻ壡
ħ
⻰һĸ붯ݡ
ֻ壿ǡֻ壿
ɫԱ䡣
ͬʱʮ켶ǿȻҲǴ󾪣Ŀϡ
ֻ壬ؼǿʣȻѾˣ˿̾վǰ
벻ҲƬ죬ħԵһƬ䣬ЦǿֱƵһȥʱ򽫷˶ˣѾȫֻʣһˣں棬Ǹ˻㣬ʹܰȫƬУѾƬˣǸ˲ڣǰ˭ܻ
ৣ
ƿ𣬴˵Ļֻһǳħǰ
ħʱݣһٶ㡭
ž
ֱ̧֣˦һ⣬ȵ˵ϣ˿ѪڶԷɳȥһɲٴζ֣һסԷĲӣԷס
һĻʹطĸͥǶݣħԲ񣬾Ȼֱӱһ⣬ס˲ӡ
ܿ죬˱ǻعһ֣ѹ
ֻ壬ؼǿʣ⼸˶ͥĺϲһֱʷǳ⣬ֻ壬ħеȷϣħ˵ѣǣȻȻҪֻѹϽͥЩϲ㣬ʱܵõʹ;ԲС
һʱ䣬ವģͬʱǿʥâĸͬķ칥ϣ˼˴ͨ
Ϊת˲˵ħЩ˶첻Բδӡ
ħĮɨˣֻնϢļ
̼䣬ĸͥһֹסŲʥԵâ̿ʼɢеתۼʧӰ٣Եڵء
һĻʱסˡ
⣬⡭
׻¡
֪ﵽͨε죬սԻǿ󣬵ȴҲû뵽ǿȵزĸͨ켶ȻֻǱɨһ۾ȫˣֱЩˡ
ѽ
С̫ɴۣҲһĻ
ȻǷͰʱҲǶݡ
֮ǰרǿˡ

һߣͥʮ켶ǿ߿죬һ̲ס
죬ˣ
ЩʵԶԶûǿӦֻնȴܹ֪ĸǺйأһ¶֡
ĸɶͨ켶ȴȻһ˲䱻ȫĨɱζ֡
ʮ˿죬еľԽԽŨֱӶݣŵħҲˡ
˵һӶݣܿѧʮʿҲʼ룬תۼǳȥԶ
ͨ켶ĸһ˲ĨɱǼ£֮ض
ħоɫʥԻֻնһμɫɱ֮˲ʮˣת۽ʮ˵ȫ顣
һʱ䣬ģʮǿߣһһ£ȫɥڴˡ
㣬㡭
ħŲѹţãʱȺĨɱĸԼʮǿߣϵ¶˲ŵı飬ͬʱн֯˾ſ־ɫ
ں棬ΪϵˣȻѾﵽȸ߶ȣɱͨ켶ǿߣȻնݻ򵥣ʹʱ򶼲ɱ
ղ˵棬˭ܻңãʲôҲù˼ɣѹң
Ŀˡ
ħһӭеľֱøŨˣǣҪɱҡ


2220 ɵ
ħˣ־֣뵱ʱŹȥãһٶѣһٶʱ䣬ͬϰˣ񾹴ﵽĸ߶ȣʹǿһ㷴ûУ̫ͬ㡣
ɱ㣿Ź㣿
Ц
ˣȥıԴУּͥΪŰк飬ΪϾƹƬ棬ҪֶıԴܣڿʵʱȻҪŹʵںܶġ
ӭЦħһٵҡ֪һأżȻģ֮ػһ壬ͥĶ壬ǷһƬȻɳɵ磬ŹңҿԸƬ
⻰쵱ݡ
磬ǵȼ֮ϵĿռ䣬ؼ䶼ûж٣ഫֻҪƿһƬ磬пܲ򵽳Խֵ
磬ݻҪΪݻ񣬾һƬȻɳ类֣ңѾɳɵ磿
ˣƬļֵ󣬸޷ȥ
ļٵģ
׻ۡ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫΢һԵķͰҲɫ΢
棡ħڣƬļֵ˵ӦҲֻҪȡô޾죬ٸһЩεĵôֻҪӦɱң̾ͽƬ
飡
˵Ĳӣ΢ֱ̧һȭ˸϶ԷĻһƱԴüгֱûԷʶڣѰᵽĹڡƬɵ硱£ʮջ
ħŭ쾹ǿѰʶѰƬ£㡭
ۣ
΢һȦɫʥɢֱӽķ飬ͬҲһ
Ϊǿֻ壬ﵽͨ켶߶ȣ֮壬սԶԶһͨ켶ǿ߿ȣһͨ켶ǿߣĨɱ
սǡ׻Ķ£Ϊս뵽ħᵽƬ£ôҵƬûϰǲѣ
𡢰С̫Ҳǿ졣
ҵˣû˵ѡ

ԱԴѰħʶ֪֮ػһ壬ȷʵһƬȻɳ磬ƬУѾǿǰ׼ŽƬ硣
£򵥵ĺͷ˵һ
У
׻ӳԾ
ѽ
С̫Ҳۡ
ɵ磬ɲ򵥣
룬ȥƬ磬پ֮ػһ˵õ򣬽һڴ鷳

һݻɣƿ߱пܲ򵽳Խ֮ػһֵƬ磬ѾȻɳˣһһȡһ˲򵽳ԽԺսǽӵĲ
ԽǱ֮ػһͼҪֲ˵ǰ߸ûпɱԡ
ʱõʱת䷽򣬽ѪȷŵһߣȥƬ¡
֪λã
ʵ
Ȼʱµһӵ뷨ȫһġ
֪ЩԶǵٶȣȫٶУܵ

ħʶѰǹƬɵ£ȻҲ֪Ƭںδ
УϹȥ

ͷֻؽ⸡֣һƬת˲طѪٵ𡢰С̫Ͱ׻ֱ뿪Ƭ硣
֮С̫Ͱ׻ƶͰƶ·մħʶѰƬļȶ꣬ɿĳȥ
з֮дУһƬƬ޴ʱʱָоͷ·Ǵǿ֮УЩ޴磬·ǱŴǳһ㡣
ģǴзУܿĴԽԽ٣֮ȫдӰˣеĿռ䣬ϸҲ㲻зˣԳڵ޵ش
޵شڼУٶʼշŵĺܿ죬תۼʱȥǰʵĹԸҰС
ˣ
ͣ
ȥƬʹԣһƬޱȾ˵֮⣬֮󣬸޷ȥݣ͸оڿһƬСһ㡣


2221 
ʵĹԣž޴ݵ磬ǵȻȫסˡ
ǡɵ磿
ƤӶɵһʵǰƬ̫ˣֻǾ޴һƬСأΪƬ֮ŵϢ̫ˣָо·ǰһа㡣
ԼƿһƬ磬ȴԶԶûݻ״̬ǰƬȣֱ̫ˣǾͷ·һɳһյ
⣬⡭
׻˿Һ
ѽ
С̫ɴۡ
ͰʱҲǽ֯˾â𺳡
ɵ磬̫ˣ
ûǰ޴󣬵֯ŵĺϢȴ·й֮޲
ʲôˣ
ͻȻ
ĶλãŵӰͻأǰʮ
лһĨ΢⣬ħʶе֪֮ػһ巢Ƭɵ磬Ѿ˽֮׼ȡƬ磬ȴ룬Ƭ֮⣬ȻҲһأҶͨΡ
Ÿ֮ػһʿûԥֻնϢļ
ɫɱ֮˲ͻƾ˵ֱӻھ˵֮ϡ
˾ĵȥе˲ʧӰ١
ǻڣ꣬ȴʱ򶼱˲٣ʹ
¡
׻£ûпκζȴֻն˾ˣ˿ٴΪս
Ҫ֪ǰǾŸ֮ػһĳԱѪɿͨ壬ʵЩһͨǿ߿Ҫǿܶ౶ȻȴǱ˲ϢĨɱսʵǺˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյͻأһвǿأƺǸӦطһһӰӲͬλó嵽ʮ
תۣʮʮǿ߳
ʮʮǿߣǴͨ켶Σط˲ǿһˣͬʱҲǾŸͬʬ塣
ǡ
ﬣ
̶Ľֱתֻؽֻؽâ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽֻؽޱȣֿľˣתۼǽʮʮǿȫᴩһʱ佫ķ飬Ҳһ
̬
׻ʮ֮ػһʮǿߣ൱ʮͨ켶ͨ壬Ҳ˲ͱȫննжûκ
챾˵ǶԴûκθоڵսͨͨ켶ʿ壬ǰҲǲһȲεʿ̧־Ĩɱ
ǽȥ
طʱû֮ػһʿͷ˵ǰƬӽúƬɵǰ
һĴҪϺܶ౶һ˶ԣٲȻ㲻ʲô춯֣ƿϣ¶һŻ𡢰С̫Ͱ׻ֱӿ뵽С
תۼѣ͸Żɵڲ
ȥɽһһԶ嫣еŨĽҪҺ̬ĸомŵĲʥ㡣
Ƭ֮ڣſһȫһ˿һʡ
⡭
ޣľһμ㾪˵Ĵ硣
ֱȥʮ֮һ˲̻ع
ڣҪȡƬɵ磿
׻𺳵ı飬˿Һʵ
⻰һ졢ͰԲɵü
⡭̫ҡͷƬѾɣҪȡĲ֪⣬˶٣Ȼ磬ǻĴڣԴ֡
κ綼ΨһڣԽǺ磬ԽˣһƬĸڡԶͨɱȣվҲʵĴ磬Ȼʵ磬ǾһΨһĴڣΪƬĸȫƿƬƿƬɵ硣
⻰׻ʱݣͰ΢⸡
һԡ

Ȼһ˶µõʱ뷨

ͷºһ뿪ԭأƬطתͷһ𣬿ʼѰƬλá
ȴ򵥣ϾһƬɵ磬̫ˣҪҵһƬﵽͨ쾳ƿҲǷǳѡ
ڣƣȻԪǵȼˣڶʱҵ
ܿ죬ͷһѰһ۱ʱȥȫû˿ջ
ﬣ
һ죬һһɽ䣬ĵˡ


2222 ȭʮ
ٶȺܿ죬תۼ䵽˽ǰ
һʱǶݣ̤ͨ쾳֮һθов
ȻовȴǷǳѸ٣ֱӳǰһȭ
˵һһȭ˵ȭ𶯣ϵķ飬ǿнĵâķ顣
Ѿﵽȸ߶ˣ
һ
âĵطһʮӳ֣һ˲˲Ķ졣
һȹ漶ǿߵ֮ػһʿ󣬻ʮӰԱʮ;ϣԱЩʮʿǿһЩ
ֻ壡
ʮٴοڣΪ֮ػһʮǿߣ֪£һٶǰ֪ˣʱ֪Ĺ鱨ƺֻ׼룬Źȥһٶ꣬쾹ȻѾﵽͨ켶߶ȣĴѹ֮ĵȻһȭ͸ˡ
ʱ򣬿죬Įһ˿â
һٶʱ䣬״ﵽͨ죬ٶ̫ˡ
ǡֻ壿
ʮʮǿ߽ԶݣĿһ˲˲ϡ
ʵޣֻ£
ʱʮΪֻ£һΪ֮𺳡
ʮûлӦЩʲô죬Ŀɨ𡢰С̫ȻҲ֪ߵݣֻǶ԰׻ȫˡ
ҵطǵ֪˲£Ƭ⣿ӲСĿһϣ꿪ʼ˱ȥǣ͵Ϊֹˡ
˱ȥн֯ŨľâǰЩˣȴ׻֮⣬֮ػһԣżļֵһЩѹһĹͣضܵڴֱͣӽʮΡ
쿴ܹоԶԷϵľ޴ѹȴΪһУ׽ԣûзǰǿ󣬲ҲʤԷսɶԷȴٲȻһԶǵģ
ǰԡ
˶٣ԷͰ˵
һͨ켶ʿ壬Ҳ˿֮ҲûУʱ漶ʮһսԼսкεȳ̴Ρ
Ż䣬ֱӭʮϣ˲ǰ
ˣ
ձ־ֻȭȭˡ
ʮ굱һĶ
ǹ漶Ĵڣһͨʿǿ̫ˣ֮𣬿Ÿո̤ͨεˣ湥û˿ɵηӣֻ֪壬սԶͨĸ̤ͨ쾳˿ȣȴɻø䣬̫ſٲȻ
£¡һڳâݻһɱȥ
תֻۣȭɱײһϵնʱƬ
ʥԽ֯һײȫ˶Է˿ûƣֱӽֻؽеֻؾŽԼնľŵɫ⡣
֮ΪʱͨͨڲΣǣ֮ȥͨΪٲȻ޷ﵽͨ쾳Ϊɱȣԣʱ漶ĵһսļս
ﬣ
̶ǳŵֻؽŻ֮ǿЩˡ
ʮ궯ݣʱһȻоЩѹС
Ϊ̫죬ֵʱƲܡ
һͨʿһսȻѡܣ
ֻ壬ٶͻأǣֻؾŽת˲ƽʮǰӶֻȭѹ¡
ңһ˲䣬ֻضҲһתɲǼʮսٶȺȭƵȣڴ˿һ޴
Ϣʹʮݣ㡭
飡
һ죬ֱĻתֻض죬ʵֻؽʮĶֻȭֱڶԷ֮ϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽʮɣԶѣȾƬա
һĻʹòԶİ׻ӵɵĹԲëɵõ
⡭̬
ļ¡
ʮ꣬ǿǹ漶ĴڰŸ̤ͨ쾳Ȼƾżսʱȼ˸һȭ飬̫ˡ
С̫ͰҲΪһĻ
ˣ
طʮʮʿǶɫǵʮӣʱ򣬾Ȼת˲ͱͨڵ𺧣Ĳš


2223 ս
ѪˮƮУʮ걻һȭ飬˽Ϊ֮ɫ
䣡
ʥų𣬱ʮ꣬г޾ʥԣתۼʹ۶һɭĶ죬ŭӿ
֮ػһʮڣ񣬾һ̤ͨ쾳һȭұʮ¿Уԣֱǳ裡
ѹǰù
죬
Ż䣬ʮΪ֮һ𣬵о˵쫷ϯ
ʮռ䣬һɰƸַ
н֯âȻȻо˾޴ѹȴ˿Ҳ޾塣
ӭŶԷֱӶˣֻ壬ֻȭֱӺԷ
ˣ
ȭһʥı죬ء
ֻضתս˶ʮǵƣޱȵˡ
ʮӱϣ漶ʥѹҰѹ级˰㡣
һ޴Ĺͼ֯Ͻ֯ĹӡٲȻһھ˵ʥʼһֱǺƺƵѹ졣
ӶֻȭֻؽֱⷽͼӲ
¡¡ģֻȭƺֻؽȺ߽⣬ԷĹͼҲ˰˲٣ѹȴ˿תϡ
ˣ
ֻ˿˿ƵˮƲ۵ԭʼ֯ͼ£ʹùͼϴԶһɽ䣬Ȼ鿪
Ǹطɽֱӱ٣ԭһֱҵľ޴ӡ
ķ
ԶлһĨ⣬һ˲˲Ŀֻ
û˵ʲôȴҲоâ֯
⡭ôܣȻ
֮ػһʮʮʿ𺳣һʮǿĴ񣬾Ȼһ̤ͨ쾳浲
ʮһֻʥдʱһ˿â
ĹͼɲѾ߳ɵսˣȴȻȫסˡ
оŸ̤ͨζѣ˵ӦӵսӦܵסŹͼΪֻ壬ҲΪϾ߱ʵŶԡ
ȻֲţԼ۾վƭԼȷʵʵ
죬ȷȷʵʵס߳սͼ˿ˡ
ˡ
Į춯ˣֻ壬ʮ΢Ĵ˿̣һǿ絽Էǰ
וּһûκԥֱӽֻؽ𣬾ɫ⾶ֱ¡
ңֻȭʱǱһ˵ȭҪݻ١
ʮӸһͨڵˣһһǺС
ʮʥԱǣΪһˣٶͻأǣһαʧ˲ֻȭâֻؽȫ飬ֱһȭؿڡ
飡
һ죬ֱӱɣԶһɽУһɽ
Сӣ
ѽ
׻С̫ͬʱɫ
ʮʮʿһ㶣¶Ц˲û֮ǰ𺳡
ֻǿѪҲ٣Ϊֻʣ;ø̤ͨαʮǿ߿⣿棡
˰ɣ
ᣬ˳ֵзִģֱɱһҲʧȥж
ʮ۵
󣬾һ̣ʮͬʱϵı뽩סеת˲ʧӰ٣ģһԵҲûվ
ʮʱݣǿʵȻĳʮ仹ڣȴǱˡ
࣡
ɭɶǸǿĹ漶ʵԼоǸһɱ֮˲µΪ
˲õطоâ֯ɳȥķ򣺡δ
ĿķɳУֻˮư㲨
߳ʮеĺɫŨղһȭ죬ȥȴû˵죬Ǳǵȹֵ֮סˡ
Զ߻أûʲôı仯
ţʮһȭȷȷʵʵֱӺ˳ȥȴû˵һȭֻ֮ж˴ֻʹѪݺݶ¡

ʮ꣬£Ĩɱʮʮʿʩչֻնɫɱֱ֮ӿת˲ǱƵʮĽǰ
ʮʵǿᣬȻֻնɱȴԼܹоʥĻ
ֻǣʥĻȫûãֻնɱֱ֮Ӵ͸ʥĻûڣʶڣݺݵĻʶе֮ϣʹʥݺݵĲ¡
ҲʱŶԷʥһ˲䣬ֱӱƵԷǰ
䣡
ԶʮսٴλӶֻȭһɺ˵ȭ⣬ȵڶԷؿڡ


2224 
˵ȭƣ貵ȭâһȭ֮£ʮٴαĺɡ
ۣ
ɳȥٶԶ֮ػһʮһը顣
࣡
ŭصԷѪ֮УһѪɫɱâٳ쵽ޣһϣɳȥٶԶֱӱƬա
סΣ⣬ֻһһ˿Ѫˮ
ȷʵԶԶһͨ켶ʿȣ
ЦֲǵѪ
ֻǿס˶ԷղżǵɱѪâȴûܹȫжѪâĹʹǵһ͸ֻϣĳһ˿Ѻۡ
ֻľתɫʥԴž˵֮תʹȬ
Цһζˣֻ壬ֻضӶʮսֻȭֻؽʩչȭâ𶯣ˣ泯ŶԷȥ
ʮ飬תۼ۶ٴʼնûһľη֮ģеŭǸŨɢĺҲŨ
һֱӳΪ˵ʥʮһϯɱʥ⣬ٴμ֮ǰʥͼѹ졣
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һһΣʮʥͼԱ֮ǰҪ˺ܶ౶תȭâֻؽƵʥǰ
ɱ㣬ʮȫԣ㳢׶֮ʹȫԣ

Ż䣬ʥͼøӾˣʥܷһѹ㡣
ǸоʱʥͼĿ£һɾ޴вȴûκα仯ֱӽֻͼ
ֻͼΪʤһͨʼһֱǽ֯һʥ֮
һֻ̣ͼԷѹʥͼֱײһ𣬱ɱâ
ֻͼȫס˶Էʥͼ
ʮкâŨʥøǿʹʥͼͻأƱǡ

촫ֻͼһѺۡ
оâ֯Էսĺǿ򣬴˿̾ȻС
ߣȻڵһʱֱӿֻͼ֮Уֻͼ
ʱ䣬Էʥͼֱӱס໥ײ໥ͬʱ顣
ʮɫãܺã
ʱѾ˾ųɵսԾųսͨȻɱ쵲
Ҫ˵ҷǳԼܺá
ֻ壬ϣͨ콻֯ɫصʩչĺɫ統ѹ¡
䣡
ɫżΪԵʮȫУƶ
̫ˣ
ʮŭȣʮһĺɫȫ
ʥʱǿһߵ㣬һʥķ籩
һ̣˲У췢籩Ĺ
ɱ֮⣬ӸͬĽǶȳѹһƬƬա
춯ݣԷʱԸǿˡ
ֻ壬ֻȭֻؽֻͼȴʩչԷڴ˵ر⡣
תۣʱȥ
ʱһ̣һ촫⣬ֻʮ飬ɱâֱӽû
ۣ
İ飬ѪˮŽ졣
ǲ࣡Ϊ뱾⣿
ʮ꺮ϣͨ֡
ⲻ䣬ֻľתɫʥȻȻżΪ˵Чʹİ̼޸ٴγֻ򣬳ŶԷӭϡ
ִһһչ֡
һΣΣȻãֻ壬ڱǰΨй
ʮ
ײɱ죬ʥӿ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һδײѪˮϱŽϣѪͬʱҲʮѪ
ֹȥʱ챻ɫȻǱúܲ԰ס
漶ʮ꣬ĺǿ
ߣ
ʮߣȻҲ˲ˣվҪ࣬ٴʥƺƵѹ졣
䣬ȻѾ˵ĺأԷս·ȴδнͼɵ泯ŶԷӭϡ
ת֮䣬һײһ
ȭֻȭֻؽںϣᴩʮţͬһʱ䣬ʮĹҲϣٴν֮顣
Ѫˮ
ͨڣһδ˵ˣֻǣûκãı䲻սܵĽ֣
ʮ꺮̧ٴκ죬ʥԶ
屻飬ֻնϢļͬʱɿ޸塣
λǲǸóˣ
Զ׻Ѿ˵ĺأʮսԴ·̲סԱߵķͰ
ѽ
С̫Ҳɵÿڣ촦·ⴴҲЩ
Ͱû˵ʲôĿϣٲȻûгֵĴ㡣
ǿ죬ǵû˿ּɵеֻǶʮĵĮԼԼš
ǾǴʱӦе


2225 ɵʥ
ѪˮбŽѺֻۣؽâϡ
ﬣ
ֻؽɫֻؽ٣ϳʮն¡
ʮӱʮɱ쫷һƿɱѵء
͵ģɫֻؽⱻһһ飬ʮǰɱ쫷ȵϣɳȥԶѪˮ
ɣϵıȴûнǣֻնϢٴμ
ͬʱֻͼٴαȻһɱԷ
ʮ޾壬ӭϣѾ𣬿졣
䣡
䣡
䣡
˽棬ʮղ̮
ʱȫ·ȻһδεĽʮˣȴǱʮ˵ĸأȻȾѪ
ûƿص򣿡
ֹȥʮڡ
սôãУһֱڹ۲ԷԷþòһδαˣȴʼûм֮ңоˣԷƺȫûһ˿һ򲨶
ʮһʥǱǣûѹ׾١
лһĨ΢⣬ӶԷĻпԿ϶ˣԷȷʵûƿ
Ĺ漶ǿߣ㻹ǵһûƿصˣЩ⡣컰ƽ漴һתȻûǿԽˡ
䣬һڣɵʼһֱɢһޱȺ嫵ϢƿѹһУңһɾ˵־ԼʥϢɵϣٵϢ֮ϢĲ񷶼ɵ΢΢һ
ʮʱݣɵϢʵ̫ˣ㡭
ɱ
Ҳһɱֳڣɵһѹư˻ġ
ıԴԴ˵еĺ쾧ɣӻ羳οʼһֱڶڱԴвиĴĥƽռ伸ûôʹùȴڲϵͣ׶Σ̤ͨΣڵȻȻһΪͨ켶ʥңԶԶһͨ켶ʥԱ⡣
䣡
ɵѹ䣬ԲǧڵĿռһʱ䱻ѹơ
͵һʮʥֱӱ飬ɵȵϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽɵʯֱӽԷķ顣
һΣԷȫķ飬̵壬һΪһѪ

ŭʮ겻𣬷ͺתۼ۳
ɣһɵһѹ¡
ʱɵֻߣ˵ȴЩֲ֮ռΪ֮Ť͵죬ͬһʥ
ʮɫоĿ£һͺ𣬳ʥԻ⣬ʩչʮںĴͨӭϡ
Ȼɵ̫ǿˣԵϢʥϢ໥һ𣬱ʥԣűǣұΪʮ֮ߡ
͵һʮֶεһʱ䱻飬ٴαɵС
ۣ
ѪˮŽ漶ǿǱѹѪֻʣ걣
һĻĻİ׻ԼС̫Ǵ󾪣ɵýӡ
֮ǰ촦·ǻΪվǵв漶ˣҪˣȴ룬ת֮죬ɵǿʮ꣬Ȼת۱شս˲ˣʱٲȻȡϷ
ͰĿɵϣноâ֯
澪ˣ

¡
ǰմ𶯣߶ɵ֮һжɵѹˡ
֮ϣ޾ӡƱ棬һδϴڱµĺۼÿһӡڶϢգԵޱȡ
ͬʱȴЩӡ⣬Ϊ֮ӡɢʥĴϢҲ鲼ɵ棬ƿɽؼһж
ֲͬӡͬʱ貹âɵĺĸ֮һ𶯣ǵ̫ǿˣʮһʱ䱻ȫѹơ
ۣ
ѪˮŽЯɵһսʮȫУؾ۳һα飬ңһ궼Ѻۣƺһ̾Ҫ鿪
ģѪ䶯ʮһξ۳ϢȴѾ˥˵͹ȣɫȻһƬ԰ףͷŵĵŭޱȡ
̫ǿˣǰԵϢʥϢԭʼϢ궼
ҲʱЯɵٴѹ¡
㻹ܿΣ
Į䣬ɵӰԵϢʥϢԼԭʼĺϢٴγʮѹ䡣


2226 ܹ
֮֮Լԭʼĸ֮һͬʱƵǵϢţһƬһƬգĳʮѹ¡
ʮʮ͵ĶʥⱩǣִӭϡ
Ȼȴá
䣡
պɵɢʵ̫ˣ֮֮Լĸټʥ߶ڵһСѹ¡
תۣʮĸִȫ飬ɵȵؿڡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽһΣ漶ǿը鿪ΪһѪ
ǿǲ𣬴ɵ³Զٵ
ߣЯɵ֮һǿ˹ȥ
䣡
Կر߶ڵԷĻᣬۻѹϣ˻ġ
ʮŸոտʼؾͱƽǵḺ́ϣɵѹ䣬ײϣʹһӳѺۡ
󣬶ʱ䣬Ϣһ˥ʮ
ģ
죬ʮǿ־ŭɵһȫѹˡ
ѿԼʮ漶ǿߣ񾹱һո̤ͨεʿѹˣ˾Ե·嶼ʱ⵽˴󴴡
Ŀ죬һҧֱӵͷߡ
ܼѺۣʱؾۣʥݽߣʱѾԼˣ£·һסɵ
ߣΪӵˣл貵ľâһɵ⻪ǣݻһ޴УϯһУҽȥ
޴и˽ȥֱʮꡣ
һʱ䣬ʮ꣬һĳɵھȥ
㣡
ʮʱɫ䣬ԲѺ۵߶⣬ҵҪɵǿھ޴еȻȴȫûκá
ɵâǣϢϢͺϢ֯ݻϯ֮øǿʮ֮룬ɵ֮ڡ
űȥ
ɵڣʮ겢ûŭڳײҪɵ
Ȼɵɺ쾧ɣǰһδξٵϴѾǼ᲻ɴݣ壬οܴｫɵ飿
⣬ǡ
Զ׻ˡ
ѽ
С̫Ҳۡ
ʮ꣬漶ǿߣȻɵѹ
ȫˣ
ո̤ͨΣȫս죬һ漶ǿߣ
죿
ͰҲоâ֯ʱǶ
ǵո̤ͨ쾳ʱսʵ̫ˡ
߱ǿʣǿ̿࣬Ըֶĥ¼ηʹ벻ǿС
̾
֮ǰԻٴĻ棬һǲɵǰ֣Ϊǿֻ壬ǵŰԲеķʽĥԼʱǿսµһȻ𺳣ȴ־ĺ
űȥ
ŭصʮ걻ѹɵڣϵĳײɵ
΢ϢʱɫȻǷǳ԰ףȾѪˮʱûдɵڵʮ꣬ǴȡһЩתֻľʼ޸ǰơ
ʮϾǹ漶ǿߣȻ˶ԷԼҲ˼صˣԷĵ򻹲ڣʹڲϼӾ磬ʵѾԶˣʱѹ¶ԷǵȽԼǰȶ֮⡣
ˣ
ֻľתɫʥԽ֯˵ЩӺڵĶԷĵٱƳ⣬ƺܿϣ濴ȥȻ𣬶ͣ¡
ȻֻǱ޸˶ѣɺأȬԶ֮ñչ˲УҲúķʱʱ䷽ſȬ
ʱȶʱͣˣɵڵʮֱ꣬ӽﲻϳײĶԷȫһƱԴ̽ɵڣûԷУǿѻꡣ
һĴ磬ǰ֪һһжǿ߸ͬʱҲ飬һƬȡ˺εȽչ
ʮǸоĻ꣬ʱ侪ŭޱȣģ㾹ҡ
ıԴûڶԷڣһ𣬶ʱʹöԷҽ
ֱʮɫ΢䡣
ôСӣ
׻ʱԶ˹ı飬׻ʵ
ͬʱ𡢰С̫Ҳ


2227 µ
ӭŷ˵쿪ڣһѰƬطƣ˵֮ǰƲһƿƬķǴ֣ƿΪӶȡƬ硣
ʲô
׻پ
Ͱüɫ΢䡣
ԲһϢ
һƬĴսΣ
ʵ
ʮǿ򡣡ԭɵǱѰһʮڽ٣һЩʮƺæŴһ£ԣûʮǿ߽Ƭ硣
Щ£Ҳʮѻ֪
˵⻰ʱıЩأ֮ػһûʮڽƬɵ磬һ£һʮȴҲɺܿ£һ˵ǰսԲܵס
ԣüͷ΢֮ػһʵ֣ǶѾʮڣڵҪԸͺѣ֮ϵʮǾ͸鷳ˣȫûһս
ǣô죿
׻ʵ
룬Ǳеһʱн취
ɵ磬һ䵽֮ػһƿУԻ⣬ȻʤһʮǿߣȴֱӾͷ뿪٣һƿƿƬĹУǿԶ֮Ըš
ԴˣͰǶ޳ɣɵ磬ϵ̫شˡ
£ͷ뿪úһɽڱչأķѴŰ˸ʱʱ䣬鵤ҩϣʮһսȫ޸
ʮ걻꣬ȻǱɵֱӸˡ
˸ʱѾǴճʱͷ뿪ɽմʮõľλãƬλöȥ
;
ɵǳ嫣ļҪܶ౶һһ·ϵ˺ѿռŻǰУֱȥһµʱͣ
һºһ죬ǳһɽȺ֮⣬ȥɽȺڣÿһɽ嶼ޱΡ룬·һͷͷҪʥ㡣
ͬʱɽȺƮŷǳŨźԶܹӦңʱʱԴɽȺХ֮ǵХ̫ʵ˶ĤЩ΢ۡ
طӦɽȺƮŵŴɽȺĴƮХвɵøâ
Хʣ֮ǰǸʮõϢǳ׼ȷƬ
𣡡
ɽȺģøɽȺһζżӰɽȺĳԻĲϡ
ңͬʱǸطһһʥڽ֯Ϣڲ
ʣ֮ػһǿطƿ¡
һûԥȻĳȥ
ɽȺǳֱһƬ㣬һ˳ĴȥĹУȺһǿɽȺѲӣʵ͵Ķʮ
Դˣһ˲⣬졢Ͱлɱ漶ǿߵʵڸϢǰУһ˺ѷ֣С̫Ͱ׻ΪߣϢܿһѲӵ֮ػһǿߣСǰУֱķʱʱ䣬ƬɽȺλá
ȥǰǧӰŸʮڣһٶʮڣʮ漶𣬴ڲͬλã໥ʥһ
ܣӡţϣرҲУԾŸʮǿΪģǧǿߺ߶ʥƥʥڳطĵصӿȥ
𣡡
ر죬ԼܹڲƵĽ֮¿һͷ޴Ĺ֮ػһǧǿܼµʥŹʹùھҵԼʶһڷɽӿ
һط伺Ϣǧһ꾪˾ϿǰɵýΪǰһĻݣǷˣ֮µǾ޴ĹΪƬЩˣں
Ÿʮһٶʮȫʮݣǡ
׻ļ¡
ѽ
С̫Ҳǲɵö£ѹĺܵ͡
Ȼ졢ͰҲɵöݣݣ̫¡
ͬһʱ䣬ȴҲǲɵһƾâ
ǺʱȻסѹƺƿأĺԶУʥĺܾˣȵǿҪȫƿʱʥƶסӱЩʱлǿᣡ


2228 
֮ػһɽȺĴǿߺܶ࣬ȫʩΪѹСԶĸоǧ˵ʥڷɿУƣƣȵƬҪѹƵʱǧ˵ʥԶףʱûʣʥЩȻΪǿᣬȴ޷۷սȫʱ֣ǿ
СӣŶ
׻ۣ˫۲ɵ÷⣬Ȼһ˲Ļ˼
ѽ
С̫Ҳǵۡ
û˵ʲôһ˸СĵѹƺϢڹϰȴ
ɽȺģӡ֯ʥȣϢܣԾŸʮǿΪģǧǿվڲͬλϣʥ໥ӣϿӡܵӡɢӿʥܣϳŵصӿȥ
𣡡
ʵʥһ㣬ڽ֮¾ҵ
һʱ䣬طɽȺס𶯣һʮǿߺʮǿߣ󲿷ֱʥ΢Σȴ֮£ƺһʥҪ鿪㡣
Ǵ̺֮Ȼܹﵽȳ̶ȣ
һ˵ͳ
ǧ˾طܵЩƣǳڵļʮ֣֮ӵƥǧ˺߶ƬʱȴȻԽȫѹֻʱס
ĪģȫŸʮǿеһ˿ڣΪ񣺡иҪ´ʱ޷ˣƣҪ½ҵȣҵȱ뽫ƬѹԴڵĳ֮ǰȡƬ硣
˵ˣһƬɵ磬ֻҪ֮ƿδܹԽ׶Σʲô±ҪȻóʱƬɵýǴȥб£
һʮǿɻ
˿ڣһʮǿߺʮǿҲɵÿ
岻ǣӹɣڴ£ȷʵҪܶ౶ֻ֪ģһ㣬ƺǣйء
ˡǸ
Ļһʮǿߺʮǿ붯ݣԼһĳǣ׼ʲôԸô˵ǵĵȷȷƬҪܶࡣ
Щ˵ı飬ٴοڣĪٶ룬ȫǰ£
ǣ
һʮǿߺʮǿӦ½ʥ߶ĸӵķڡ
ͬʱǧ֮⣬޴Ĺϣ춯ݣ֮ػһЩʮ֮ûǣ£ѵҪ
һʱ䣬ɵüƫͷͰ𣬶֣Ͱı޲ǸʮǿȫûзӦ
λһϲǣƺ׼ʲôҪʦǿȥôһҲģ
׻ȻҲǷ˷Ͱʱı飬ɵЩɻ
С̫ҲЩŹ֡
ûʲôɵĵġνʾ˼ϳҲӥ
ϡ棿׻ſڣС֮ػһЩʮϲɸǿ߼𰡣ٽһ֮
õġ

Աߣ𿪿ڣǵʦԸ⣬ܻһ塣
׻ŵ͵Ķ£ﶼЩˣɶ
ѽ
С̫ۡ
춼סˣȻ֪ܿ£ʱȴǲɵñɫ
֮ػһ壬Žһٸǿߣֲһ壬˵ʦȻ֮ܽĨ
㲻ǡЦɣ׻СʵȻˣλǰΪʲôֱӳĨһ壿ǰһһҲͲᱻˡ
ԴҲǺܺ棬Ű׻ôʣɵÿͰ
£ûô򵥡
ûٶ˵ʲô
졢С̫Ͱ׻ľһ⵽жǿĺˡ
λսжֲ
׻С
֮ػһ壬ôֲһ壬Ȼܻܹ
ɵЩ˸ҲǺ𺳣ܿҲƽ
ڣЩûʲôãǵýеƬ
ھ޴ϣͷˣһ˲˲ĿɽȺλá
λãǧ֮ػһǿʥȫͶ֮ϡ
ʱ䣬ɿţǧػһǿߣһһʥľֻʣ¾Ÿʮǿ߻ڼ߶ʥɫѾǱò԰֮࣬Եģȫٴ
ˣһʱɽ֮ȫסϴգ
һʮǿߵȻɫѾܲ԰ףʥľˣȴЦ
ͬʱһطһǿߣʱҲ¶Ц
ɵ磬һ壡
һʮǿ߰Ц
ͬһʱ䣬̶һɫնٶȿ켫˲üģ۵һʹ˱鿪Ϊʥľû׼ԵʣͬҲһһ֮»
Ƭ磬ǣ
ʱˣˣΣֱӴӾ֮Ͽ


2229 ģǣ
Ҫסǧ֮ػһǿߣ󲿷ʥѾɿݣֻʣ¾Ÿʮǿ߻еεʥ£ʱǳֵʱͷȻǲٵȴʱȫ˳
ͷˣɽȺģ֮ػһǧɫ
ֻ壿ǣ
ǾȻ
ѲӵʲôΪûͨûз𣿣
ǧǹ漶ֻͷˣȻ֪
û˵ʲô۵ص׵ĿǾŸʮǿϣֱӳžϡ
ﬣ
ֻ壬ֱӼֻؽŸʮȫ֡
ͬһʱ䣬Ͱһ֣һ㹥Ÿʮǿߣӡ콣âͬһʱ両ӡ֮â䷭ӿ
֮ػһʮߣԭӵżΪ˵ʵΪĹϵڵʥѾֻʣµΣս۷ʱڵһɶԶԶ߱Ⱦ£ʱȫû˹˼ɣ淢𹥻
Ÿʮڸһһ߼һ߹ˡ
ֻ壬ĵӣȫץǣȴ֣գȫѹ
һ˵ܱ
Цڵ״̬ͼѹǣڣǸ
Ż䣬ֻؽøӾˣңɵͬһʱ֮ʥ֮ԭʼϢ໥֯ʮռΪ֮Ҳ
͵ģŸʮڼĹһʱ䱻ɵȫ顣
漴֮Ƶֻؽת˲ѹ䵽˽ǰͼͰ콣âҲͬһʱɱ֮ȫ֡
˸ŭݣӭ˵ĹʥѾĵĲǣʱ򲻵òڳټԵ˵Ĺ
ߣ
ӱ䣬ָɵֻؽֻ֮ͼҲһ
һŸʮУһĺɣѪˮ
˾ŭ֮ػһУʮߣǽʮڣȴȻ̤ͨεʿɻˣкâŨ
ձɵĶ
ʱ뵽ˣ˱ضһطȴûжȻһߣȵʥҪɿݵʱ֣۷սսһɵǷ𹥻ȫһʼƺ˵ġ
첻˵ʲôֱӻӶֻȭһȭѹ¡
˵һֻȭǿˣһ˺ĺɡ
ңɵֻؽϣ޲ڹ˸ʮߣˡ
ͬʱͰսǱǿһЩȺʮǿߣʹüʮǿ߽Ѫ
ǣ
ȽֻǷת˲ѣʱһʮǿߺʮǿ߸־ŭһľŸʮڣȻȫѹˡ
٣ڿûչúԼȽϺã
׻Цһͨ켶ıڳΪ裬һʱɢΪŨҵͨ켶ѹһʮǿߺʮǿѹ¡
ͬʱС̫֣Ǽһͨ챦չֳԼһ츳ͨƾ춯أһʮǿߺʮǿ֡
ʱ۵ģѪˮϵıŽһʮʮǿ߱顣
ǡ
һʮǿߺʮǿУ˸Ӿŭ߬ȭͷ
׻С̫ΪǸӦõֻζѣԭǵΪּ̧ĨɱڣǵʥΪȫľˣ֮Ҳܵ˾޴Ӱ죬ʱٲȻûʣʲôսʱǶԭСİ׻С̫ȫֵס
У׻Цȫ߶ͨ켶һʮǿ飬ҲĶԷ𣺡벻벻켶ĻүȻҲ׹漶Ĵڣоǡ̫ˬˣ
໵ĽУһ˷ܵģͨ켶߶ĸӿֲ
ѽ
С̫ҲǴ۾⣬ִʮǿ߻ɱ
ڵǶԣЩԭΪֲʮǿߺʮǿߣһҲûУҪɱЩҲ̫ǻӰĴڡ
ģǣ
һߣŸʮǿ߻ʣһʥ졢ͰǱѹƴ·ʱŲ켶İ׻С̫ĨɱһʮˣʮҲΪʥɿݶھƣӾŭĿɱ⡣
ߣһǿ絽ڵ˽ǰһƬһƬ棬к飬ģǣ
ӶֻȭֱӽʮǿߺɣɵȻѹ¡


2230 ʥ
ɵۻ룬ѹ£ʮռ䶼Ϊ֮ҵ𶯡
ۣ
ɳȥʮǿûܹܿɵײϣʱѪˮӿӿ
ûͣ£ٶȫԷϢĻᣬһǱƵԷǰֻȭֻؽɵٴѹ¡
ңֻͼҲһƺƵĳʮǿ߹¡
ͬʱͰȫڳ֣⽻֯ʥ⡣
飡
飡
飡
һʮǿߣһһαɡ

ҽһߴһʮǿߺʮǿ߸ŭޱȣʥȫĹˣʱȫǱС̫Ͱ׻ѹŴתۼʮ˱ն
Ÿʮǿӭ˵͹ȻҲעܱߣһĻɫԽѿ
ҲʱವƿԶһһӰ֣֮ػһʮڣӦطƺս嵽ط
ǣ
嵽طһĻһʮǿ߸ɫ䡣
ǷɽȺѲӣΪ˷ֹͻȻ룬Ӱ쵽ɽĴǧǿѹƬȴ룬ѲʱûзκˣطȴǷ˴ս˾ܿǵҰ
£嵽һʮǿ߶ڵһʱ֣˳졢ͰɱȥҲһֳС̫Ͱ׻ɱȥʥ硣
ʱȻע⵽Щˣֻ壬ֻͼֻؽֻȭƹʮǿߵͬʱֻնϢļɫɱ֮ȻѸײڶ֮Ƴһʮǿֱӱȥ
ʱ䣬ǳͷ˵ʮǿߣǳС̫Ͱ׻ʮǿߣڵһʱԵ£еһʱɢ
㣡
ŸʮǿһԴŭĿͬɭɭɱ㣬ʱϡ
ǵʥȻֻʣһ㣬սһɶȴɸоɱ
첻ʲôӦִʮռ䶼Ƹס
Сӣ޷Բ׽Ǿ
һߣ׻ɵ˷ܵ໽УȻ֪ЩʮǿǱֻնʶеꡣ
ʵϣڸղţôһȺʮǿͻȻЩļ£ϾЩʮǿ߿ɸʥͣǴ۷״̬ͨ켶С̫ȫס
СһȫɱɱɱЩʮʮ۸ȫɵ
Цŵ
ѽ
С̫Ӧɫ񷶼ҪգǵȺǾˡ
һʮǿߺʮǿʥѾǺĹ⣬ʱڸָܻӭĹľǱӴûһ˿һķ֮
һʱ䣬۵ģһһʮǿߺʮǿ߱ꡣ
ĶǺôĵӣôӣ壬£
Ÿʮǿ߸ɭ㣬ɱŭһŭ
һʲôᱻ壡
һǱƵ˽ǰʩչֻؾŽ˸ᴩֻͼɵһѹ䣬ֱӽ˸֡
ʮǿΪ봣ٴŭʣʥ֮
Ϣӿӭ졣
鲻䣬Էʥ̫ˣԽɿݵʥ֮ӲĶȻ𷽲Ҫǿ˲٣Ȼ޾壬泯ѹ¡
䣡
ֻضʱתսʮӣȻֻͼںϣǿֻͼҵĹơ
͵һ봳֮ѹֻͼɵֱڶԷؿڴ
ۣ
ѪˮŽʮ봣һ֮£顣
һʮԱ֮ʥɿݵӭһҲֻǱѡ
лһĨâٴαϣָʥȵѹ봣һδνԷĽѪɡ
ͬʱͰѹĸʮǿߣǴھԵϷһһļܼĴˡ
תۣӹȥ۷״̬졢ͰʹʥɿݵľŸʮǿȫֵס˷ǳصˣɫҲǸѿ㣬Ŀɱ⡣
ˣѹŲⴴĹƣʱüΪʧܣʱƬ磡ԳǴĽʥѹǣ󣬵ȳڳֺƬɵ磡
Ż䣬˿ٽӡÿһӡĪ⣬һʱ䣬طһʼӡܵƺ䱬Ϊ貵Ĺâһƣͬһζתۼ仯һֱҵľƺԽɷΧڵһжѹһ㡣
ˣ
𣬵Ƭʥ⣬졢Ͱ˸ɣʹñͰѹŵ˸ʮǿҲʱѳ
߶£
봶԰˵ɭ


2231 ޵
ʥֱɣϢΪˡ
Ȱ˸ʮǿһ֮ǳ봽ǰһüǳǴµȫʥ⡭
ʱʹʥ֮ǽ޷ȫƬ
е񣬽ʧܡ
ѡ񣿲ôǶͬ޷

ü󶼳Ĭòܣ봵Ļȷʵû
ûѡʱѹˣôյĽֻһ֣ǱǱ˻ɱòڣᱻ˸¡
Ͱ˵£֣
£ĵ
ˣֱʼ߶ʥʹʥ󱬷һȦȦɱʥԡ
쫷磬Ƭռϯ졢ͰɵýԺˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һߣС̫Ͱ׻Աɫͣ¶طһʮǿߺʮǿߵĹ
⡭
׻ɵòһ£ܹоǽʥĿ£ƿѹһС
һʥɿݵʮǿߺʮǿǴϲԼһľŸʮڳڴ󣬽֯ǰǿܣһӱǱ÷ࡣڽʥ֧ţطǵսԻᱻת
ռʥ󶶶һƬƬʥڴ䣬ʮռ䱻ȫס
Լվһ𣬶ǰĺڷһƵ趯
ã
䣬
û⣬Ѿá
ͷ
һЦǾͺá
ˡ
Ҳڡ
漴˺ˣһС̫Ͱ׻Աߡ
λô
׻ݡ
ѽ
С̫ۡ
ʱ򣬾ŸʮڼĽʥޱȿ£ʱ򣬷ͰȻˣһ˶սУǺܲ⡣
ͬʱսУ֮ػһľŸʮҲüڷͰٶܲ⣬ǲΪͰΪǶˡĵӣսԶԶǣȴҲηǡ
վûж룬ߣɨ۷𡢰С̫Ͱ׻Ŀϣѹ㣬ѹǣǣ˭ҲӲ
Ż䣬˺߶ʥʹʥƱøǿ
ʥ㣬ԶԶӲƣǣԸ㹻ˣ
ĵ
¡һʥ󶶶Ƭʥֱӳѹ¡
ʮռ䣬ȫ̡
쫷ʥϯǰĺڷĸ趯ȴ˿䣬ûаּɵ
ûйิӵĶڵرҽ𣬶ʱʮΪ֮
𣡡
쾪أ̼佫ԽʥѹĴƬʥֱӸķ顣
Уһ޵еʣԵø߲ʡ
һĻʹòԶİ׻С̫ɫ
桭
׻ľͬʱҲ˷ͰΪͻȻˣһ˶սУԭ֪ܵص׵֮ӦԽʥ

С̫һ˫۾ú
ͬʱطһʥɿݵʮǿߺʮǿ߸ɫ
⡭ô᣿Ȼ
Щ΢
սУŸʮǿҲһ̱ɫ
졭Ȼֱӵ
ôܣ
봾ŭ
ֱӵΪã£Ǵ۷ʱҲ
⣬ƣԵص׳
ڣҵ򡣡
žˣһʱڣһͷǧɴ
ǧɴһХ죬£ֱӳž˳ȥ
֮ʮ
ŸʮǿߵǱɫæ֧Žʥ󣬳ӭϡ
ȻʥȻ£ʱǵʥҪɿˣܷӳĽʥʵޣ۶ɵǧɴʱǵסԽʥ߶ɱ֮һ˲Ǳײķ顣
ǧɴƲתۼǳ˽ǰβ͵һɨ
һʱ䣬飬뱻ĺɣ
Ǵ֮ǿƥ
䣬žˣһͷǧɴ۶ӾŸͬķ볯ž˳ȥ
֪Ƭ֮ǰڴ;һսʱһսһ߰طƣѾڵص֮²һʱֱԲúõ֮Эս
𣡡
죬ͷǧɴ֮£ת۱ǱƵ˽ǰƺƵĳžѹ䡣


2232 춯
ͷǧɴȫ֮۶ɣ졣
֮ػһľŸʮڰӱ飬ûסαӭͷǧɴɫ䣬΢ʥƿؽʥ
Ȼǰһֻ̣һͷǧɴǶδԽʥ󵲣οʱľͷǧɴһ𣬳ķתۼǱײ֧顣
ģٴκɣɳԶʥȫըѪա

˾ŭ겻࣬תۼĿɱĿ졣
䣬תԦֱžѹȥ
ޱߵϣתۼֻͷӿȡ
飡
飡
飡
Ÿʮڣת۱ǱɣѪ
ǣ
һʮǿߺʮǿ߼һĻɫһٱ䡣
֮ǰŸʮǿ߳ʥʱΪľȫıˣܿѹˣȻҲû뵽ǣ쾹ȻƬ֮ѹס˽ʥ
ôᡭô
Щ˷
һߣС̫Ͱ׻ǼȾϲѹƾŸʮڣɵһ˷ܡ
׻߬צӣǿǿ
Ͱվһ𣬿ս漴طһʮǿߺʮǿߡ
ˣ
ͷͼתۼһǧһʮǿߺʮǿ޲ֶ¡
ͬʱ֮صʩչ콣콣âƵһʮǿߺʮǿ¡
һʱ䣬ѪˮĽһһʮǿߺʮǿ߱飬ʥɿݵӭϱȹ滹ǿһЩķͰ𣬴˿̸ס

˷ҽУŭʡ
СһǼϣ
׻໵ĵ߶ͨ켶ٴγһʮǿߺʮǿ߷Ĺơ
ѽ
С̫ӦһɫҪ񷶼ϰ˻ġ
ǧʮǿߺʮǿߣȫʥɿݵԷ𡢰С̫Ͱ׻Ĺû˿أһն
ԶһƬսŸʮǿȻһĻøӾŭ
Ǻôĵӣ
һŭ
ߣ޾ݻһٲֱӳѹ¡
㡭
ۣ
ѪӿԴݻٲʮǿߵһʱǱһƬѪʥ
飬Ψв걣롣
Ҳʱ쵥ֽӡĮɱ
䣬طȻһʱĴȫݻɣÿһͷң֯ŵӿˣһʱǽ˵帲С
ӭһʮǿ߶ʱɫұ䣬̲סгס
𣡡
һ˺Ļͷֱӽ˸û
մưܣûвҽͷ£ʮǿߵͬǱһ˲ϢС
ɡɵһʮ
׻һĻɴۣ̲ס˿Һ
ʮ֮ػһǽʮĴڣȴһˣ֪Ǹʮǿʥɿݣһս߱ȴǲɵһļ¡
ͰǱȽƽûжʲôָתۼдƬʮǿߺʮǿ߱նѪˮĽ
طһʮǿߺʮǿߣû˼ˣԷ˵ĹһǾŭ־壬ڽ߾һеֶοⱣ
ӿŶطɿռȫ嫵ơ
㣬㡭
Ȱ˸ʮڣʱӾŭУһ˱ɱˣ
쿴ˣû˵ʲôԦ嫵ݻһͷͷһγŰѹ¡
һͷͷ۶ɣʵһ㣬ǷХ
˸ʮںͬ߶ʥѵĵֵĹ
Ȼá
۶ɵĴÿһͷǧɣӵţתۼǻʥķ֮ͬʱ֣ͬʱѪɡ
Įת޾ϣ˱ϡ
Ȼһ̣ͻأһֹɫ΢䡣
һ̣Լ΢ڴ


2233 繲
ǣ
춯ݣͣ¶˵Ĺ
ʱڣԼڶ
󣬼ͬһʱ䣬طص֮£𶯣ޱиӺ嫵ͬһٲһ
ٲֱ֡
һʱ䣬΢£ԼдЩڵԻ˳һƬʵɽľԿɿ
𣡡
𣡡
һģһص𶯳գʮʱΪ֮Ť
ǣ
ɳе磿
Ȱ˴ʧɫһ˲ǿƬΪһƬ磬ֻûݻ״̬ѡ
ð𺳣ԼһƬ磿£ǲδ
𡢰С̫Ͱ׻ʱҲݣΪǶ֪ôһƬ磬ʱݣΪԿԼ磬ƺĴʲôϵ
繲
лһĨâ
صԽԽطԲڣϳ𣬽С
ͷоɫʥԽ֯صףһͷ𶯣⣬ͬԼʶ㣬ں˵ں硣

˲ô֡
вٽڣٲȻǸӦڻδɵ磬ӶʱȷӦ
¡
ͻȻɱ֯ط񷶼Ϊ֮Ҷ
˳΢һ̣Խڵʥޣʹýʥ󱬷ױȵĿֲϢɱ֮˵˼㣬ƺƵѹ졣
һƬ磬ջ񣡡
򣡡
˵ͺȣиâտտһ˲˲ĶԼ硣
ǲ뵽ԼһƬ磬ʱʥȫ߶ʥʹڽʥ˲䱬ܳԽ֮ǰٱࡣ
һţʹǿͰʱɫ΢䡣
챻޾ƣǸоһĿ£Ȼȴ޾⡣
ǰһ̣ԵסһһȷʵֲܿʱԼĴ繲ǺĴȡĳֽܵϵĵƬ֮Ϊá
£
ڡ
ĸ£أƬ𶯣ӿƺƵӿͷɴƿɸϰ˻ġ
͵һ˳Ľʥ֮飬һըѿ
ͬʱԲڣһʥɿݵʮǿߺʮǿ⵽ԵĴǧҽжǱһͷͷײ
⡭ǡ
׻ŵĺݺݵĲ¡
ѽ
С̫ӡ
ǷͰҲǶݣнԲɵ˿˿֯
ȥѪƮڿУϣǧʮǿߺʮǿȫֻʣȰ˸ʮǿ߻ţʱֻʣ塣
㣬㡭
־ֵֿĶ죬ʱ仹ڣȴҲǱ鲼Ѻۣ·Ǵմɰ㣬ʱпܱ飬Ѿǲٽ֮ϡ
ӵĮɨӰˣĸٴѿڶ¡
𣡡
ٴλصʱƬƿأٴݻ𣬺ƺƵĳ˵ѹȥ
˸Ӿ֣ס
䣡
˵ûͷѹ£˲佫˵ȫײ顣
һ˲䣬طֱð
ȫȫɵˣ
Զ׻¡
̫ͻأˣֻôһɲǶѣط֮ػһǿ߱ȫĨɱȻЩ˶Ѿʥɿݣȴһ㤡
𣡡
𶯣ٴδ
Լʣ޾֣Ϊ
ӱüΪ䣬صףҽ΢΢һƬɵʱ𣬶Ƭɵڣһеɽľʯȣǽ⻪һſŹԼ֮ӿȥʼ֮ںϡ
𣡡
Ƭɵ磬µٴƵҲһһԼӿȥʹԼʱ俪ʼ츲صĴ仯ʼһΪֲٶȿʼɳ


2234 
ɵ绯һſŹӿһԼӿȥԲڹâ貣۾
⡭
׻ݡ
ɵ磬ԼƬڡ
лһĨ΢⡣
վԭأ޾ƣ绯ԼڣԼ粻Ͼ䣬ֻתۼźࡣ
һĻܣһһ쫷ϯϵϢҲǿ
ݻɵѾΪһ壬ƬΪ벻ϽԼȻȻҲǵõĪĺô
ˣ
⣬ƵͬʱɫʥҲһ֯ʱԽ財
ʱȱ仯ȻǿԸоĵʱ֪ƬɵڳԼںϣеľâűԽԽŨ
ͬʱڣתû뵽ԼУֻһܹоĵȵʼ粻ݻɱ䡣
оͷ΢ϳ߲ΪصĶֱ̤ͨ쾳Ҳһֱ㲻͸
ʱ򣬴ɵԼڣںϣԼɱʼ׷Ĺ켣Ĳȥ⡣
ȡϣΪȥ
һʱ䣬ľĸ죬ٶȣҲűø죬ӿ磬
𡢰С̫Ͱ׻վڲԶһ˲˲Ŀ졣
ȡƬɵˣСӼֱǡˣ
׻𺳣ͬʱҲЩ˷ܡ
ѽ
С̫ۣ۾⡣
翪ʼԼڣȡǸˡ
Ͱн֯⣬˶٣˿˿Ƶʥӿ֡
ɵԼڣʹʼٳɳУӿɽǲ
𿪿ڣС̫Ͱ׻
С̫Ͱ׻ȻǵͷͬͰ㣬ԭתԼĹžʼƵ
𣡡
쳹
һҲ粻ϻڣֻһɵľϣƶɵƵĺԼںϣµľųɾȫ֮ϣ֮ڵ
ʶڣʼ䣬һʱƬռٴԻʶԻУͬϵһ㣬ڲ񷸩Ƭռ䡣
ҹ֣ļα任ľήһжڳѭ
վڲ񷣬ĬĬĿһУ
ʱţһºܿȥ
һµʱ䣬վƬռĲϣеʼѭһһ飬һ˿˿ĸоʼµ罫Ҫ
ʱƬڣƬռøӺΰ
ˣҪ֪ˣ
Щڿ̿ʵڼȴҲδ²Ȼûǵʲôƽռ伸ûõȵǶȵƿأȴȷȷʵʵڽÿһÿһ춼ڽ
񣬽Ŵ뼺ڣʷΪҵݱ䣬ҲǰδеľˣԣʱĲЧҲҪʱҪࡣ
ˣʱš
תۼ䣬¹ȥ
ºʶƬռڣﵽһߵĲΣĸоƺֻһ˿Ϳʲôˡ
Ȼʱ򣬶ȵ⣬ȴŬҲԴˡ
ֻһСѡ
Щʡ
ʱֻһСԼʲôǣһСȴҲ֪ǰΪ磬ٲȻǲܿĹȥˡ
ҲʱƬռʧж˶Ĳ
һСܿȥ㲻ٿȥǿǲûʲô壬ڣǿȥ˵ȡ෴Ч˵
һ̣ȫ뵽ԼϣԴʶȫûС
ˣ
ºһ죬Ĵ磬Ѿоų뵽ԼУ£Լ缫ٽʱɽΰ˼㣬ʥ⽻֯䣬ǰȫصĲ
һ̣ĸоԼƬѾȫɣ֯Ϣ󣬸оȥͬһƬذ㣬ǰһС


2235 Խ
ڵԼ磬ɽΰ˼㣬첻ɵΪ֮΢ϲ
ңԼƬѾ˵磬ΪĴ룬滹ڼĳɳУƺҪٴͻƵһ߶ȥ
ӦԼƬ磬׾ٵĸоƬɵ磬һڳɱ߲񽣲١
ԴˣȻǳˡ
漴˶٣뵽һ⣬ʶûԼĴڣεȥӦ
磬һɣƿ߱пյԽڣԼƬѾɣʼԼƬΪԭȥƿصԽ
ˣ
⣬ɫʥƣ֮Ƶʶڴɵ
һɵȥƿسԽʶƮƬκһ䣬ܸӦģ
ˣݣѵǡ
ƿش磬򵽳Խʱһ뷨ƺǳԽҲΪˣŻôȥ۱ԴʶƮƬκν䣬ģǵ
⡭
΢ͻȻ뵽ʱ̫Щ˶޷ȡӣȴΪ֮ƿصУǰ룬ĿԽ͵ͨȻɺ֮ΪԽô֮ǰѾƿ˳Խ֮ҪҲȻȻǷǳˡ
ԭһƿ˳Խ
ѹÿݱʱڵ򣬾Ȼǡ

뵽ЩıԴʶԼ˳ȥʲôˡ
Ѿƿ˵ĶңҲﵽһƿʱǲҪˡ
Լ֮ʲôʱɽչֳ
оâտտ
Խ֮ϣһ㣬ʵѾ뵽ˣʱΪɺȷһ㣬ǲɵЩ
漴һʼ̽ԼΪ˲٣ڵʥӰ磬ʶǿǸǿᣬսǿ˼ࡣ
ˣ
ɫʥ֯һĴڳԼӿȥʹԼղǾ˼֡
ԴˣǣͬʱҲһߵķ𡢰С̫Ͱ׻ĽĸԭʼϢʱǸԵľмĽ
Ե˵ͷĴӿڣԭʼϢڽ֯תֻľʼ
ˣʱţһǰ¹ȥ
ְºһ죬ĴȫУʹԼøӺΰ嫣·ѹС
ͬʱٴθӦȰǰʵ˲١
׬׬ˣҪͨˣ
׻˷ʱͬͣ
һ·ݱ䵽ɣڴɺ󻹼̽֯ԭʼϢõĺôǳ޴Ѿ۷塣
ѽ
С̫Ϊޱƽͨ쾳ϢǿͨͨǿҲ١
ͰʥƣˣʮĽ
ĸ
Ц
û˵ʲôͷ˼ٲȻǺͷࡣ
λǰˡ
Ц
оķͰսܱȵ֮ػһʮǿˡ
Լɣ֮ǰĴӾˣϲ㡣
Ĵ磬ٴοڣʼմͺº͵Ц
ллǰ˵ҲȽϺá
ǫЦоС
ʱ򣬱֮ػһֵƬ糹ԼУһվ޵شʱʱһ˿˿ķƮ
˶٣ԼڣԷͰڣȥĨЩѪʱȻȥ˼£һԶûнֵʮѪ󳹵ꡣ
ѪѰ֮ףҪȴ򵥣ǳķʱ䡣
ԴˣͰȻʲô£һֱ뿪ԼǰУ֪ʮѪλöȥ֮뵽һƬļڣƬ綫һѪɫɽ䣬һѪ
ȥ⴦ѪŸ֮ػһʮǿͥ漶ǿҲʮˣͨͨ켶ϰ٣һЩ켶׼ʿݿνܾˡ
һطûκڣʱ㱻֡
ǣ
ŸʮǿߺʮͥǶݣ˲ϳһˡ


2236 ֲս
֮ػһʮͥ漶ǿߣʵݶ򵥣ֻ£ԼͰ˵£ȻǶ
һʮǿ߿죬ǰһе㾫â֯ץǣǵȻǰܺãǳ
ৣ
ƿյ𣬴˵ĻֱӶˣһǰ
ٶȣʹʮǿ߶ʱݣٶ㡭
ˣ
˵ȭƺƵӵĮ˶˵ʲôֱӻӶֻȭһȭϡ
۵һѪˮŽڵʮǿҽжδüǱķ飬ͬҲһ
ңͬʱһȭӳо˵ȭϯ˸ʮԼʮͥȫƷ˿ȥ˱ĿѪ
ҵ죡
󷽣׻ɵö£̲סݺ˿Һ
ѽ
С̫Ҳǵɴۡ
ʮǿǹ漶Ĵڰ֮ػһĹ棬൱һͨĹ漶壬񣬾Ȼһͱɱ
ң⻹꣬ǵȭ֮һǿĽѪɡ
Ǻεƣ
ΪﵽˣսԶһɱȡ
һ˿˿ľâ֯
Ҳоâȴû˵ʲôĿǰ졣
һߣ˸ʮǿߺʮͥסΣΪ֮ɫ
㣡
һһͷʮ꿴죬֮⡣
һȭֻһȭѣɱеһʮͬ壬ǸĺɣǺεȲεս֪鱨Զûǿ
ͬһʱ䣬ԶЩλϣһ׼켶ͥ콫Լͨͨڵ̲ͥסһЩ̲סһ
ô᣿
˿ڣֱ£ǰһĻסˣסð
ԼԵúƽ΢գ֮ػһİ˸ʮǿԼʮͥ棺һ
˻̬ʱʹð˸ʮǿߺʮͥԾŭ
һʮǿߺֻ壬óǿҲǴ˶ѣοһ֮ܣһˣԡ
ﬣ
𣬴˵Ļ΢ɫֻؽ⻮ᴩգֱûüģƬѪˮԷһ顣
ࡣ
Į
ƿصﵽɣõĺôȻǾ޴ģΪ˺ܶ࣬ս˺ܶ࣬һĹ漶ʿУûʲô
һĻʹ߸ʮǿߺʮͥһɫΪ֮䡣
ֻһеһ漶ǿ߱նˡ
һϣȫ
һڼ׵ʮǿߺȵʱȻоǿ
¡һʥӿâ֯ϢԻ
ͬʱʮǿԼʮͥһˣʱֱչȫʮƿ֮Ϣˡ
ʮ߸漶ǿһ֣񷶼Ϊʮ˵Ϣ
ӭʮˣıû˿仯
һ̣ҲˣϵĽƵɫֻؽ⻯һӿ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽͬͻȻŵһ޵Ļ䣬ֻתۼѣʮ滯ѪͬҲһն
⡭ֲս
Զ׻˸һĻŵĻëһ˲䣬ֻһ˲ѣնʮ漶ǿߡ
ԱߣС̫Ҳǵɴ˫ۣΨзͰԵñȽƽǵĸ֪ΪѾﵽ˹Σֻ壬£һĹ棬ĺѵסһתۼ䱻ĨɱǺ顣
ǰʮӰվһʮǿߣʮͥ棬壬ûͬʮǰ㱻˲ɱеĽâ
㣬㡭
һ̣ʮ壬ûʲôˣȴ˼ɵ;㤡
ʮΧһˣȴȻתʮˣ
ѹԵսͷʱһӿ־塣
⣬ɫ⻷ƣƽĿʮˣʮȷʵǿǷǹǳˡ˵ţ˵һֻͼԻͬΪҵܷѹǵ򡣡
Ż䣬ֻͼ𶯣һʱɢʥҺϵϢͬǴؿǰʹڵʥͼ㣬ƺƵĳʮѹ¡


2237 ֮ػһ
ֻͼƺƵ֯ʥ嫺֮ͬʱʮ֡
Ϊﵽ漶Σʮ˳첢ûиоһ˿һѹ
֮ȻǿǣսѾԶԶʮˣοҲһͨǿ̫ˣţѹЩ˵
ʮ˸ŭһͺ֮ͬʱͬɱʥƺƵĳֻͼӭϡ
תۼ䣬ֻͼʮ˵ײһ
¡
ĺ𶯶طϯһһ˵쫷硣
漴ģ֮ػһʮǿߺʮͥɡ
Ѫˮϡ
֮򶼸ѹˣ
Զ׻ļ¡
սѾԶԶһĹ棬ҲԶһɱȣǰս֧ѹͨס

ʮںʮͥɣסΣ¿죬һ¶ľ㤺;Ũˣȫ򣬾Ҳ׵Ļ
ҵʤһ
ƽʮ˵
漴ٴֻͼ֣ƺƵһγʮѹ䡣
ʥ嫺֮طӿսʮˣһһλʮ˵һδνʮˣʹʮеĿ־ҲԽŨ
ܿ죬ʮȥʮеĿ־ﵽһ㣬ʮڵˣЯ֮ԶӶݣһ۱ʮԶ
ͬʱʮͥҲһˣ壬ҲԶ
ƿǱ֮ǰʮҪǿ٣ûб˲ɱȻսڣһδαشѾǴԵҲĿ£ڵѾԲǶ֣ټ£ֻǱնɱ
쿴ʮˣ⵭ĮֻնϢļ
ɫɱ֮˲ϢﵽӶеʮ˽ǰ͸ʮ˵壬ݺݻʮ˵ꡣ

ʮͬʱҽУܴ󴴣ʱܣӶݵĽŲϣ䡣
Ҳʱ΢ֻͼٴμֱǵǧңסԲǧڵпռ䣬ʮͬʱڣƺƵĳʮѹ¡
ʮ˱ֻնУشʶűûʱȫ޷ֻͼѹӦͬһʱ䱻ֻͼķ飬Ҳһ
һ˲䣬طð࣬ѪζƮڿУζԵ÷ǳŨ
ô᣿⣬⡭
طͥһͨ켶ʿ׼ʿֲڵһʱȫûһԥȫԼٳԶȥ
ʮת֮ǱȫĨɱЩ˺֮Ĳ࣬ﻹ
쿴һˣֻնɫɱ֮˲׷һˣֱӽһ˵顣
ʱ䣬طװ
ǡ̬
Զ׻ս̫ˣʱ򣬲κսٳɵ磬߲񽣣ۣ춼ֱӸɱ֮ػһʮˡ
ǿ󣡡

û˵ʲôȴǾâ֯Ϊս
սѾǾǲˡ
ôݵ꣬ǾѾ׷ǣⲻò˵ǳˡ
ѽ
С̫ʱɵԱߣ۾ģǿսЩСС˷ܡ
СһԴԼսҲ൱⡣
漴طѪֻؽתƬֻؽͬһ䣬ת۱㽫Ѫٵ
ȥط
Լ˵
£һ죬ͷ뿪Ƭ磬ѰѾ֪Ѫ֮һµʱ֪һѪȫĨ
һµʱһˣɱٸ漶ǿߣʹüΪһδսȹ࣬սԼһЩ
֮ͷ𡢰С̫Ͱ׻һƬƬ磬ͥռƿͬʱҲѰ˵ټ
ˣһۣܿǰ¹ȥ
ºһ죬һʶӻ洫ͥ콫ƶԻһԱѹŮԻ֮ػһһʮϣңҲĮֻ壬һǺ
ʶӻٶȺܿ죬һ챻쿴ɫǱˡ


2238 Ǻ
ɫС̫Ͱ׻Ҳ¶ݡ
⣬ˡ
׻΢ʶӻеŮȻӺԿ
ˣȻ䵽֮ػһУ
ô
Щš
˿ǷǳǿİԿ֮ػһʷǿˣȻսԶûлָ۷壬Ҳһǿǿܶ࣬ˣȻ֮ػһѹˣһ壬Ϊѹˣ׼˶ֶΣ
ֻǣԸţʶӻеݲΪ٣ˣȷȷʵʵǱѹˣһʱ䣬ż
ǵһμӺԿֻǿԿ͵òȫһ£˺Ĺϵȴǲ˽⣬ܿǴӰ֪ӺԿһУЩ˼Ŀ졣
ǺɫŨͰ𣺡λǰչ¡
䣬û˵ʲôֱӶˣٶȿ쵽˼㣬˲ʧԭء
֮ػһץˣ㴫ҪǰƬĻǺ֪ضһ壬һȥˣ·һΪȻǿ˺ܶ࣬ȴҲԶûкһʮǿ߽սͬʱ硢߲񽣡ۺ֮ҲܵסǵȼĴڡ
ȻȻˣҲҪȥ˿µĸĸܷβܣ
ֻǣԼҪȥȴϣС̫Ͱ׻һȥǸȥҲκãֻǺһݿСҲϣͰȥǡ
Сӣ׻ɫʧԶȥ־ּæͰ𣺡λ񣬰æһ˲еģҲȥǺ
ѽ
С̫ҲƫͷͰ𣬱˼ٲȻǺͰ׻һ
ǺΪζһ˼뿪֪ȥ̫ΣգǸһȥǣܲȥһ·ʼնǺһģе¶һ˿ȥģǲаﵽսһΣôһȥգ»ҲҪȥ
ͰȻҲ֪ʲô׻С̫ΣգǣʱӭŰ׻С̫ûκԥ˵ͷ
һǿʣܾôˡ
Ͱһ𣬴С̫Ͱ׻Ҳ˲Ϣʧԭء
󣬼дԿӵʶӻԸٶȴƬĸ䣬ԽԽʿ
һŮˣȻ
壬Сܹ֪һ㣬ҲԥĹȥ
һƬУԪʺϻվһü˶ٺʧԭء
һƬڣĨһͥӪн֯˿˿⡣
ҪĶ
ɱƮڿУһ̣һʧԭء
ͬʱ棬һطһŵ۵ͣؿڴһöļ׹Ƭ
ŮˣôúͺСӵϱһģһǸ˸һ˹ϵȥף⡭òСϱĸĸɣǡıҪСͷ
ֻ壬ǿ⣬ҲܲףĻһֱɳȥܹ׷δ޵սӢţһʧ̫ˣϵ⡭ҪҪȥæǣ׵һӰȥ̫Σˣ⡭ϵҲȥ
ƮƬУһ̣ʧԭأһϢҲû¡

棬뿪ˣʱ뵽һƬ硣
ǺӴƬ棬ʲôλãһ֪ʱƬ磬ֱѹ¼ͥǿߣǿѰ˵ʶҳǺľλã󽫼Ĩɱ뿪
Ǻһտ޵شʱʱ籩ϯһµͨͨ켶ǿ߽УҲܻѡ
ڼͥʶѰõٶУڹȥµʱһǺΧ
ȥǺڣһſŲƵǳ鲼ͬһƬ˵ǿհ㣬طԵñࡣ
ֱӿǺķΧڣܵĿʱøЩ
Ϊͬʱ硢߲񽣡ۺ֮ҲһʮڵĶ֣ȼֻرԴ硢߲񽣡ۣ֮ſɱȼϣԽԿӾȳȥ
㵹ǵ
ǺɲǼ䣬һĮǰһž޴ϣʮӰվһ𣬸ʮɢϢǿ
ͬʱϻӰȻӺԿܼƵâѹһʥ֮ڡ


2239 
ǺȻǵһʱ俴֮ػһʮʮϣҲ˱еԿӡ
ͬʱԿӣȻȻҲ졣
죬㲻ߣߣ
طȾѪ˶¶˼ɫǱ֮ػһѹڴˣȻ֪һǽǣΪԲܵеùһʮڡ
쿴Կӣ漴Ŀƶ֮ػһʮʮǿϣˣǡ
طŲϵʮʮڣܹĸоһѹȸУԷʮ˵Ϣ̫ǿˣ궼ɵЩ
ǲ뵽һʮʮϵط
ֻǣȻˣкȴûмɵ֮ɫ
֮ǰ֪ж⣬Ѿһ׼
ǣ࣬ƺˣҵֻ㵽ѣ˵ҪŹǡʮʮУһ߿죬ĮʱôƬ̵ɣˣûе
ֻ壬Ǹ򽣵ĵӣֵ˿˵ҪǿϺܶ࣬˵һ𣬹ϵȥǳҲᵽطߵǸᣬҲܻᶪ㲻ŲˣúҲᵽ
һ˿ڣһͷɫǳˣһҲС̫һ𣬹ϵܲ
ıûʲô仯ʵϣûԼЩ˻ӺԿֻôһ˵ѡ
ΨһжǣЩԿӽ󣬾С̫Ҳһ
ﬣ
ֱ߲ӴʶлʼһֱɢһĽƣǵȽƣƿɽﶼնһ㡣
ΪԽԽߣٻʶе߲ԶԱǱԽԽ򵥣ټ;УһֱͨԣȻܻ
ңܹõֶΣҲѾ׼á
ˣ
󣬴ɵԻ嫵ϢʱưС
Ƭɵ縨߲ΪϵϢʱﵽһߵĲΣƬǺ֯һƬһƬ˵ķ籩ʮ졣
˻棬ʹ֮ػһʮʮǿнһƾâ
ɵ磿㾹һƬɵ磡
߲񽣣һѾ֪ʱչ߲񽣣ǲ⣬ǶչĴжݡ
ãܺãղصĲףǱ񽣲ƬӷǷ
ǰЩʱֵƬ磬ܿ죬彫Ƭɵ磡
ʮ˿죬д˿˿Ƶľâ˼ٲȻ֮ὫѹĴߣԾΪС
һֵƬѾǿжߵ£Ȼ֪
ûж˵ʲô̳߲񽣺֮ɵӿ֮һƵĽ֯ڣͬʱֻضʼʵ
ܲսεȸ߶ȡ
֮ػһʮʮڲѹ죬УвԸֶսǶԷһǲͬǿһˣ㡣
ȻܹµõЩ˴˿̵뷨ӱ䣬ս
Ҳʱƿյ𣬻ǺԵ𡢰С̫Ͱ׻֣һοǺ
ʱݣǡ
СӣȻսԶûǿһΣա
ѽ
׻С̫̿ڣɫ֣ء
ЦȻĻ飬֪ǲܷһ
춯˶죬˵ʲôû˵ڣֻ¶һĨЩεЦ
С̫Ͱ׻գΪ̫ΣˣǾ·иͰֻǰţС̫Ͱ׻ΪҪִǺҲúķʱſǸϲ
ȻڣǻˣԲõһ˷ͰһͰٲȻûоܾһˡ
λǰ鷳ˡ
ԷͰȻطжΣգԭǿԲģȴˣܸмͬʱҲЩǸ⡣
ÿͬһӪЩһҲսѣȻһ˷գοĿƿ֮ػһʮʮǿϣƽؼº͵϶˼ǳԵ⣺ǺǣҲг𡣡
ﬣ
ûж˵ʲôֱĽɢĶ֮ػһʮʮڡ
΢Ͱǣ֮ػһгŷĻŷͰķӦǵȳȻǺӪ޹ء
󣬶˶٣ͻȻ뵽һ㣬˵СʦʱֱӴŭһֱܳȵİ𣬶֮ػһ壬Ȼͥ˿νĺ֮ػһгΧԣǺͥгǵСʦйء


2240 ̫ҵ
ʲô
ڷͰ˵СʦܣЩ棬ӷͰ˵ĻУˣԼоĳ¶Ǿ˵Сʦйء
Ҳʱ𣬲ϣ֮ػһʮʮǿ߿ɨɨЦû뵽һҲһˣܺãǳãѹˣ֪ǵʦʲôӦǷǰ㵭ݣ
⻰һͰӶǱø䣬ϢǱø
ͬʱһų𣺡СϣŮвСӣѹСвҲϢˣˣ
ȻӰͻأ֣һνǺ֮ڣԱߡ
ʱݣǰϼһǡ
ˣȻԪʺϻ죬û뵽˾Ȼط
ϣ֮ػһʮǿ߿ϻԪʣǹȻˡ
ϻĳʮ˿Ҳ⣬ϻԪʵĵʮҲȫûκ⣬ʼһƬĮǼϻ˺һһͲµ˷ųʶӡͬʱҲضὫϻ
ȥҲ棬ϼ޻ϻǳɨʮˣ漴һԵ죬̲ס˷ۣ˼Ҿֱ֪·̤
΢΢һ㶣ͷ΢ɵøоůϼһлˣ
Ԫʵл
ĳϻԪʣٲȻǿ֮ػһǵʶӻµҪϵܸм
лã硭ϻ쿪ڣ磺ȻѾˣô죿
ϻ֪һƬ磬ȴû뵽ôͽݻ״̬ˣܾˡ
ԪҲв죬ΪҪݻɣ£ûиʱ伸
һڴԵʹڶʱڴˡ
˵
˲䣬ƿһ˺һ۵ߴͬķ̤ⷽǺС
ˣ쵱Ƕݣˣ棬ߣȻǵںʱʶǸϵʿû뵽Ҳط
棬㣬̫ҵˣ벻ϲľȻҲʮʮУ˿ڣĿϵʿϣһΣˣ
ޣϵʿֱۣƿڴŻˣȫ嶼ˣ˼ᣬϼ
Աߣ΢Ͳ²ϵʿܲһ㣬ڿϵʿȻҲһǿߣ̫ҵˣѾٵ̫ĵһˣ
һȺҪĶ
ʱ򣬿ϵʮʮǿߣɱڡ
ɱ⣬ʮʮǿߺ⣬ǲŶ֣ȫһһоƿеģ
Զ׻С̫ɵЩϻ졢ԪʺǿˣϵʿȥٲȻҲͬĴڣĴ󳬼ǿһ֣ǸоЩ٣һս֮ǰҪǿ˺ܶࡣ
ͰıʱЩ仯ȴǲδκμ
ǣ뿪뿪
޴ϣԿڣ
С̫˸ˣϻԪʵĴǿҲһ֣˵սǿ󣬵ǣʮʮڣǴھԵơ
Կ˵ס
죡
֮ػһǺַ߿ڣԿĴϵƽ֯˿˿ƵĵâȫԿϣʹԿѪˮ俪
쿴һĻеŭݣ߲񽣺ʹ֮˫иоֺ¸ʹƬǺһʱΪ֮𶯣翵˾ֱԻ˳ĺ嫣ƬǺϯһɹ쫷硣
һĻϵʿԪʺϻһҲɵɫͱ䡣
ۣңСӣ⡭
ϻӲûɳ
֪һƬ磬֪߲񽣣֮ǰȴ֪۵£ǵһμ
ͬһʱ䣬һߣͰɫҲǵһμ˫ۡ
ֻۣʦʱ۲Ϊռۣͫ
ӣĿ𺧡
ӿƺƵǵȺ嫵ƺ׽һѹơ
챻޾˻壬ǰڷ趯ĿʮʮϣԿĺַʱɱڣ˫ɱ
ۣܺãǳã
ϣʮʮǿЦнտտ֯ƿ۵£Ƕ֪ʱ˫ۣû⾪ȡ
һ̣ʮ˿ʼˣʥܽ֯Բ·ѹ
ͬһʱ䣬ϵʿ৵ԱߣϲСӣ벻ռͫƿˣգܷȫˣȫˣ˵ţͳһö޾ʥƵıֽ쵤˼һżеõʱڣʱΪ޽ӽǿ߲Σۣǣ˵ţ䣺ȻҩЧȥһʱ


2241 һ˵ս
ϵʿĻϵʿеνֽ쵤쵱Ƕݡ
öܽΪʱᵽ޽ӽǿ߲Σ
ͬʱ֮ػһʮʮǿҲݣ֪ȱ٣ֱӳѹ˸źԶ֣ɨƬʥ⣬ѹ죬ͬʱϵʿеĺֽ쵤
񱩵ʥܣͬκ˰ӿ
ڵһʱͨû˿ԥһץϵʿеĺֽ쵤븹У˲Ϣڻ˿
𣬺ֽ쵤ڻٶȷǳ죬ҩЧҲ˲䷢ӳ
䣡
쫷һʱΪϯľת۱ǵһߵľ磬۽֯ĹˣԱߵϵʿȫƿ
ͬʱ͵һ֮ػһʮʮǿ߼ʥȫϢ±ķ飬ʹʮ˲ɵͬʱͣ½ŲӽǲɵΪ֮΢ʱϢ֮ǰȫصĲ
⡭
ԶС̫Ͱ׻ɫͰҲΪʱ춯ݡ
Ȼ桢ϻԪʣҲǻһĨâ
Զ֮ϣԿȻҲ¶ɫʱ죬ɢϢӵ֮ʵ̫ˣԶǵȡ
̫϶ΰæˣⶫǶûãޱƽǵĲΣۣսԶҵȣ
ϻ쿴ʱ죬оâտտ̫ҵ˵Ȼ໥ʶ
żȻã֮ã֮ƣ컯ۣһ£
ϵʿ
¡¡ģ⣬ڽ֯ƣһ̣ºֽ쵤Ϊޱƽǿ߲Σ֮֯ˡ
ƬǺ˺գǰڷ趯ɵ
ϼһлˣ
ϵʿڡ
˫Уоֺ½֯ĵһź嫺ϡ
֮ػһʮʮڿ죬оâͬʱҲ⡣
һͷַ߿ڣΪ޽ӽҵȣվҲֻǽӽѣȻۣҲѡ
ৣ
ƿ춯ˣ˲ǰֱһȭ˺¡
ȭȭˣѹһУС
£һֱַ߱ӺɣɳȥǧԶײⷽǺڵһǳϣǿǳһըѪˮǳƬĴɽ
ͬʱ⣬𶯣ͬˮư㣬ʮǵĵ
飡
飡
飡
һƺʮŸʮǿȫĺɣѪ
һĻʹԶС̫׻ͰΪ֮ɫ
һ˲ѣһʮǿ߱飬ʮ˱ȫѪɡ
Ǻεս
Ϊ˵кųܸ컻صռ֮ͫһΪֻ޽ӽǵĲΣΪܷӳսܸ컻صţ
ԪĿľâ
ǼʮСӣҪˣӣðԼһȺ˿ӽȥ
ϻȻЦ
ҲоâΪʱֳսԶȴǺܳȣܴ⣬һĵ̺ܿ£ǰЩʱͼҲ֪ǿ˵ţŵңʮʮһٲȻǶĲּΪأӿµֶβţܴ⣡
ϻüͷ΢˵ͷô˵ҲȷʵǵСһЩ
ʱûж֣Ϊڵ죬սԶԶǣһ̣ʵѾûǳֵıҪһ߿ǰһ߽䱸ܡ
ͨ彻֮֯˫иоֺ½֯ʮʮǿߺʱû׷ֱ˲ڷԿӵľ޴ϡ
죬㡭
Կڣû˵ĻʱһʱĲ֪˵ʲô
Ҳǣ֪οڣǱȣһΣ֪ＫΪգȴ޷˵ΪǶǸо
ǳӦǱ죬ȻʱȴΪڱΪս
һ£һ
ֻȭӶ˵ƴ
µĸĸףô⣿
˵һȭͷڷ˵ƴ⣬⡣
Ȼƴȴ˿δ
ݣԺֽ쵤սϻ˶Ҫǿܶܶ࣬һȭ֮£Ȼδܻⷽ
һ˲𣬵ˣԿ˵ѹȥʹƴʼ𶯣ȴûƿ
ҵȺķʱ䣬ȫµĴһһϦƿ
𣬱ɵʮŸʮǿסΣ˶쿪ڡ
ͬʱǸַ겻࣬۳ҲԶأɢϢǿˣҲ
ϣ
죬еĺŨ㣬ֱӳǿ򣬳ѹ¡


2242 ͼ
ַ̺ɱʮҲһˣǼ֮
ǺʱǿֻʱԣȴҲȻܴ⡣
׹Ǻеƿ
ӭʮɱɭ䡣
䣬֮Ŀֱӻһ˳ѹ¡
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һʮ˼˳ײһ˲Ϣ㱻˳
⣬˻ӶֻȭһȭĲӰ
ģƺһʮʮǿߣһαȫɡ
ԿӵĴ֮ǿƿģȴҪķѺܶʱ䣬ܱţǰʮȻܿԣҪԿӣֻȽǰʮʮǿȫն
ʮʮǿߺɣȴܿסΣд˸ĺ⣬֮߶ĸǿһ۶ɣ죬졣
ʮϣ֮ʱۣ֯һһУ˲ʹʮ۶ķ飬֮ӿ
飡
飡
飡
һΣʮ˺ɣѪ
⡭ȫѹʮˣ
Զ׻֮ɫ֮ػһʮǿߣһĶڣʮһȫѹˣһһαĽѪɡ
˵еͫɲǿЦģԶԶԽϻ쿪ڣǰ죺˵ݻɣƿۡ
ѽǣûϵġ
С̫
ϻ΢㶣ûϵΪݻɶۣ
С̫ζСԴǵģݻǰѾƿ˵ġ
δﵽ۾ʱͿ˫ۡ
׻˵
⻰һϻ첻ɵļ£̲סһ
ۣ콫ݻ˴ɣԭΪΪݻɺƿۣȴ룬Ǻ޹ء
Աߵ桢ϵʿԪҲΪ֮ݡ
ݻɣ۾ǰƿֱۣЩˡ
ôģ
ϵʿɴۡ
¡
ǰʥܶӿʮʮǿסΣɫ
ǿ죬ϢøӾˡ
۹ȻǷԽӽҵȵΪ֧ţҲܣܺã
һ˺
Ż䣬ֱӽӡʮҲһ֣ͬıӡ
ʱ䣬ƬǺΪ֮𣬼ԶһѪɫͼϽ֯޾ɷ޾ԹϷ裬ÿһֻԹ궼һͨǿ߿¡
ͼ
򣡡
ʮʮǿһ֣߶ͼƺƵѹ졣
񱩵ɷϯʮԹ̶֮֮մ
ӱ΢߲񽣳ǰ
סֱһ
וּһ߲ɫɶٶȿ켫Թ꣬תۼͼײһͼľһѺ۸˳
ﬣ
죬ٴλӽ߲ʽ죬ÿһâ֯żΪ˵ɱϢתۼ仯һ߲ʽ꣬˲ʮ˺ͼǰ
ģһתۼ䣬ͼᴩһһĿ
ң߲֮ʽûе飬Ʋʮʮǿһס
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮΪ֮Žʮʮǿ뱻ᴩԱȽĺɡ
ü˭ģ
ܿ£
Ԫʳ
ϻϵʿҲĵͷ㹻Ϊ֧ŵ£߲񽣵ֲ̫ˣնһ㡣
Ͱ߲񽣣ʱвɵý΢⸡
˵תǰļδָ֮ǰƺƺѹƹ󣬶ûȡ

ͷ¡˶٣ϡ䣬ƺ֮ܵӰ죬ǰļ䣬ʼһӿ
ﬣ
ǰ죬ǺΪ֮
Ӷ߲񽣣֮ʩչֻؽۣʹһƵ߲֮֮ϣնֻؽɢĽƶʱӵĿֲ
ʮʮǿ߲ŸסΣδü޸ӭȹһⴴȫķǡ
ȫЩκδϢĻᣬ֮壬߲񽣣ֱӳʮ˱ȥʮδ塣
ˣ
ӭɱʮɭ𶯣⣬˲Ϣؾ۳ɲǼӡֻͼ֮ǰͼһݻͼɷɱ̱ǣĺʮ


2243 ǿһŮ
ͼʣɷ죬ϯʮռ䡣
¡¡ģⷽǺڣһһǳɷֱӸķ顣
Զ׻С̫ɫͰݣǿϻȼǿߣʱҲɵӽһ
ͼںΪһʱ֯ʵ̫ˣطƬǺɷС
صӣԶֹǿűô򵥡
ʮʮǿ޸壬һ˿ڣ䵭Į
챻ʮǰڷ趯˫Уֺ½֯ض졣
ô
ֱ̧֣һն߲ɫϵɷ𿪡
һֻ̣ضתս˲Ӷʮűǡ
¡
ޱ߽﷭ӿƵͼѹס
ʱ䣬ʮʮǿͬʱݡ
㡭
ﬣ
̶ƵӶе߲񽣣֮߶ֻؽ֮ڽâ֮ϣֱӻһз籩
з籩ϯһƬƬգתۼǱƵʮʮǿ߽ǰ
ʮʮǿһ߶ͼɷɱǣԹһӾͼӿӭϽз籩
͵ģ쵱һƬ̺󣬿һͼѿһ϶з籩ֱ֮ӽͼĺɣʮ˸ˡ
Сӡ
ϻۡ
ԱߣԪʵҲ¶Щɫ
֮ϣԿӣǶ¶𺳡
ڸղţͼ֣ǱĵǣΪͼ֯ϢȷʵˣȻȴû뵽ϢͻȻǣֱѹס˾ͼһз籩ͼѣʮٴλˡ
ֻضʮսʱ򣬲Ǻֽ쵤ǿ״̬
׻Щ˷ܣ֪ʱǼֻض˶ʮս
ﬣ
죬̶ǳ
ֻضӶʮսѾͼʮʮǿߣٴζˣȫʮ˴ϢĻᣬ߲ٴδ߶ֻؽֻ֯ɱﻯһâ磬ͬʱʮˡ
ͬʱ΢һһиֶʮʮǿϸͬλøֻ֣ؽâһʮɶȥ
ĹЩˣʮȻʮ֮ػһĶڣһʱȴҲԵֵһⴴԶǱ

ʮɭ޸ͬʱ߶ͼ֮塣
һ֮ӿʮڣ֮ԻλΣٴûʮˣҽͼҲһС
޼᲻ݣﲻƣͼѹһһѺۣЩѺ۴ӿ룬ʱʹͼгƬҺЩԹ飬Ⱥ嫵֮£޷ֱֵӱд뱻
һʱ䣬ͼ֯ɷ룬ֹסľ
ﬣ
̧֣߲նһɽޱˣٴѹȥ
һΣ¡һ죬ͼֱӱǱնΪ룬֧顣
Ҳʱ֮һγʮ֮䡣
˻ϣĽʮȫĿѪɡ
ˣ
ʮеĺַߣֱһ˳ӿ֣ƺƵĴӲѹ䣬ʮǿû
ۣ
ѪˮŽһڲסƺߣַٴα飬ֻʣһ걣ϣȴҲʱѺۣȻ˵ļء
𶯣Ŀ˷ӿֱӳ˵ѹ
˻ƶȫʮռ䣬ϢΪˣʹúַߵ嶼ɵһ̲סʮ˴󺰣æ
ʮŸȻͶ죬볯칥ϣַ֮ߵ塣
־һƬֻؽʮȫˡ
Ҳʱźַߣӿַ֮ߵû
̼䣬ƺٴδԱ֮ǰʹ࣬״̬ûַ޴ϸֳѺ۸ˣƺһ̾Ҫױ顣
Сӣʱսֱǡ
ϻļ¡
һ֮֮ػһʮʮǿߣھϷ
ȵ۷״̬ĵһŮҪǿʱΪŽֻǽӽǶѣΪֻǽӽǾսδﵽǵĸ߶ȣʱսָжǿ
ԪҲ𺳡
¡
ռʥȣսУַƴȫ˰Ŀŭ
󣡡
ؾ۳ʮǿߵͺ


2244 նʮ
Ż£ַߵӡĿŭ𣺡ϣ̫ˣ
֮ػһĶڣ񾹱һһεĻشʱѾϣоޱ裬˷ŭ
벻ᱻƵȵز
ʮҲӡĵ
ǲڴˣǰʵ͸ֶΣ˽⣬һʼûоκεвԣǲµһֶΣΪ˶ԸˣΪ˲ĻᣬҪ˳Ĩɱ
Ȼȴǲ뵽ΪûвԵ죬ǽһһشƵǶþͼãüǿĺ֡
¡
ռ𶯣ⷽǺڣһһӡ۶
תۣһԻƬǺڣɱâӿ֡
ң⻹û꣬ΪģʮſŴըѣÿһŴڽԲһͼʼһӿǺޱӡ֣ɷɱ񱩡
һĻʹð׻С̫˽ԱɫȻǿҲȫ⡣
ȺϲģʮͬʱȻ׼ôµĺ֣
ϻҧ
ͼܿ£ֻһžͷǳˣطȴʮĴɱңҲǳĿֲɱâԺƺԽһжȾ棬ֱɱħħ
䣡
쫷ϯɱâʮͼ𣬱ӿֲɷ
һζݣʱȻ֧ţȴҲо˾޴в
ҵʮ˲ڴˣķ¹Ϊܹʲô
죬ʮʮǿĵ
һ̣ɱ󸡳ʮͼӿ֣ǵϢҲǿ˲١
죬ߣҪˣ
뿪
ϣԿӳ캰
ַߵ˿µɱʮͼһ֣Ⱦ棬ֲ̫
Ǳɱ֣֮
죡
ַɭԿӵĴٴĵ绡֯׷㣬ʹԿӴ屻ͬʱѿ
ϵĺʱǣֻľתޣɫֱӳ
㣡
űֱֻӶˣ֮壬ٶһ̴ﵽһΪ˵ĸ߶ȣͬ˲ƶ㣬ɲǼǳںַǰ
ַ߶ʱɫʱչֳ쳣ٶȾסˣ㡭

ɭѿڶһΣ˫ս߲񽣽ǣͬǻɽ緢һ㣬޽ӽǿ߲εʵ߶նһɽ
۵һַ߸ֱӱǱһķ飬ǿǻ֮˸ѺۣЩ鵭
ģ
ˣ˾ŭ˼㡣
һƬ䣬ֱȥ߲ٴѹ¡
Ҳʱ¡һطɱ󱬷ܼɱâѹ䣬ʮŸʮǿߵɱ֮췢𹥻칥ַߡ
ͬʱʮͼҲЩ˵˵ɷֱӳѹ¡
ӱڷ裬оȽâɷĿֲһȴȫȥӦԣǵȹѹ𶯣˫Ŀоֺתֱӵһ˳ӣӲַߵ·ѹ¡
ҿ
ҵĴ𴫳ַĿ㤣걬ɹâֵ˳ӡ
Ȼȴã˳ӣ鲼Ѻ۵͵ס

ʵĲҺ͵һ˳֮£ֱӱѹķ顣
ͬʱʮʮǿߴ߶ɱɱâͼޱɷϣֱӽû˻壬Ҳ
㣡
ʮŸʮǿ̲סŭеһˣ㱻նˡ
һٶǰΪʥɿݶϵˣһ壬ѾʮϱɱʹǵɫúѿĿŭ
ͬʱ˽һǰһǻΪ쵣ģΪɱʮͼ̫£Ȼһ̣ɱʮͼĺϻ£쾹ƴӲһιʮеĺַնɱһĻʵûԤϵ
ɰӱ飬ϲ׵Сӡսǹݣ
ϻ˿
ﬣ
̶Ƶʮ
⣬ɫʥԽ֯İתۼ˳
˫УֺºʣĪ⣬ûʲôκεĻ߲񽣣ֱָʮŸʮǿߣӿĽ
࣡
ʮŸʮǿ߸ӾŭеŭӿҲøŨ
Խֱָˣû˵ʲôǿȴǸԵſȻǼɱʮͼҲȫδǷУ


2245 ս
ֻʱʵԣĳӣ
£
ʮŸʮǿ߸ɫһʮϣֱԽֱָˣһеŭǼŨһɱ졣
ģʮ⣬ʱ֮֯ǰǿᣬɢϢԵЩˣ·ܽ涼ᴩ
ͬʱطʮ˿ӡµɱ𶯣֯ɱ⳯£ʮͼҲһиӿɷӿȥ
¡
طһ쫷ϯϢͬǺڷڡ
ǰĺڷ裬овȴ޼ɵ
ﬣ
Ӷе߲񽣣֮߶ֻؽһμնֻؽ⡣
ͬʱޱߵ֮ӿ֣ƺƵѹʮˡ
תۼ䣬ʮŸʮǿײһ֮֮֮⡢ɱɱâޱɷ໥ص໥䲻ײ¡¡ı
飡
֮ػһһʮǿ߱ɨɣͷ­һᴩѪˮԽɽĿġ
˹ӿһ˳ӿ֣ʮȫС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽʱ˳ӱ֮ǰˣʮѪ
ͬʱɶɱɱ֮ᴩѪˮס
¡¡
ɷʮʮǿɫɭһ޸壬һɱʮͼɱѹ죬ޱߵɷֶȥ
⣬ɫʥӿ壬˴󱬷
һ޴еһʱӿƿɽ
¡
ⷽ˴УֱǳʮͷϿգʮϯ¡
ʮŸʮǿ߶ʱǾŭ췢ĹƣȻȴȹȫˣƺûпǵɱɷ㣬ֱӹǣ
䣡
ޱɱޱɷֱϣ۵һķ顣
ͬһʱ䣬˴ѹ䣬ʮŸʮǿͬʱǡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽʮ˴󲿷־ڹ֮ϣϣֵУ֮䱻ѹķǣѪˮĽ
Сӣֱǡ
ϻ̲סݣսʽ̫ˣٲȻȫ˷о˹ϣǼֱ
սߣΪս
貾â
ԪʡϵʿͰҲоâΪս˶ݡ
ңҲΪһ֮ػһʮʮǿѾǼһڴɱ󣬼ʮͼһƼΪˣǣȾ£ȻˣȻȴǲûбѹơ
Ǳ̫ˣʱܷӳսԶҵȵ󣡡
Ԫʳ
ԱߣС̫Ͱ׻߬צӣǶţĶǰս
սУʥ级˷ӿѪˮ䶯ؾʮŸʮǿҲؾ˫ٶȽ޼ͬһʱ۳ǡ
ﬣ
һʱؾ۳ǱǶˣһһӰֱ߲ӳʮŸʮǿ߱ȥһɱ
ͬʱ֮黯ʵٴݻһ˳ӡ
ʮŸʮǿɫѿôһʱֻ࣬ʱｫΪȴһһεɱǣǳ˴ɱʮͼ£̬ûиı䣬ңһδνǻˡ
򣡡
˵ͺȫ߶֮߶Ĵɱͼ칥
߲񽣺֮ѹº󣬴ɵڴʱ
罻֯ԶϢƬ磬ȴǲ֮ǳеע뼺ڣʹþɱӾˡ
飡
飡
飡
ƺ𣬴ŵѪʮŸʮǿһαɡ
ͬһʱ䣬ɱɱâϣϴƬѪˮ
Ȼڴˣ·ȫûиоƺûˣٶȱøЩת۱Ƶһʮǿ߽ǰ˾ˣԺԶ
Ƶ˽ǰֱӵеֻ߲֮֮֮֮ͼҲͬʱѹ¡
㡭
ۣ
ʮǿֱӱķ飬ݳޱȾŭԶɶݡ
ͬʱʮ˸ʮǿסΣһ֣߶ɱͼ֯ɱɷѹ¡
֮ͬǰǰ㣬ȥֵЩɱɷ˫Уֺͬʱתݻһ˳ӣֱӳűʮǿߵѹ֮˳֮ڡ


2246 Ч
˳ѹ£ӿȡ
飡
ڵ֮ػһʮǿ߾ŭȫӭϡ
Ȼֻʣ£ǰʵ̫԰ˣ̱㱻ѹ

쿪ڣһ۴ӿл˳ѹ䡣

ֺͲʵĲҽд͵һ죬˵ֱӱѹķ顣
ͬʱʮ˸ʮǿߵɱɱޱɷϣֱӽ֮û۵һķ飬Ѫ⽦֮ϡ
ط
ʮ˸ʮǿߵɫӵѿˣŭɶ
һʮϣһʮϱɱ
࣡
˵ͺĴɱʮͼһ𶯣ƺƵѹ졣
ʮҲһ֣졣
¡¡ģɱâ͹ɷѹ죬ʮ˸޸ĻᣬҪԿ񱩵Ĺûκλֵأѹ
ˣ
˺ƵȻȻУ֯⣬ѹɱɷǱи
ڣʼ޸תؾ۳ǣУֺޱأĵһٴת
̼䣬ǺΪ֮иӿҪƬǺ֣֮
͵һеɱɱޱɷ뱻飬һȵ֮Ȼѹ䣬һͼѹķ顣
ѹң
޾˻ǰڷ趯һƬĮĿ֮ŷԻϢ֮ǰǿһЩ
ͬһʱ䣬Ӷе߲񽣣֮߶ֻؽƥ󱬷
ﬣ
ֻؽâ֮һ𶯣ٴʮ˷𹥻
ʮ˸ʮǿĿŭݣɱ֮ͼ֮һ߶һӭ죬ʮ˸ͬĽǶȺϹ죬Ϣ⽻֯
Ӷ߲񽣣ˣ۵֮Ŀ֮ʵʵ˵һʱӿֶǽƬصıԴս㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ֻ֮֮ͼҲһʱ߲񽣺ۣʮ˸ʮǿ߲Ϸơ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮﲻϱŽʮ˸ʮǿߵѪҲԼѪ
ʮ˸ʮǿһ߹죬ϵŭһ߱øŨǶֶΣɱ֮ʮͼݺһ𣬾ǵ괦۷״̬ԿҲ޷סܿͻᱻѹȻȴѹƲ죬ʱǼݣǱѹš
ѹƲԣȴվǴһЩǼΪܡ
ɱ
ŭ𣬽ĸǿ
һƬȾ˲Ѫȴȫ˼еľȫڹ֮ϣ߲ۣǵȹط˶Ϊ֮ļµ
ʮģһƴŰӱ飬۵ޱˣʮ˸ʮǿĺɣһγһǰ
Ƶǰӭıûɵһ㡭

۴лһһ˴ѷ˲Ϣֱӽʮǿ߾УպϣΨһĲҽдд
һʮ
Զ׻ļ£ѷԴأǸʮǿߣˡ
һߣԪʵҲдžݡ
֮ػһʮʮǿߺһֲʮͼϣݣնһˣս̫ˡ
졭
ԶĲϣԿӱУ죬ΪսȴΪ쵣ǣȻնʮǿߣȴҲڲⴴһУȫΪǣǵǵͬʱΡ
࣡
Ǳۣģ
Ǻֽ쵤֧㵽ʲôʱ򣡡
ŭ֮ػһʮʮǿֻʣʮˣʱ׼˸ֶε£ȴȻתۼɱˣʹʣµʮ˸Ǳŭʥűǣӿ͵Ĺơ
һ쫷ϯǰڷһƬĮֱӭϡ
𶯣߲񽣺նзֻרעڹ֮ϣʮ߸ʮǿ߽棬һδνʮ߻ɣԼҲһδⴴ
ִطӿϢطƵתۼ䣬ӹȥһͼ߲񽣺ϣһʮǿֻͼޱֱ֮ӽ˵ѹķ顣
ͬһʱ䣬ʮ˵ɱ⵽ˣϡ
һĺɶԶԶһŴֱķ飬дƬѪˮС
¡
һʮϱնʣµʮ˱øӵıŭڻ֮ͬһ㣬ȫ⼺ƣֱӱֳ췢𹥻
ವһĴгѪģһֻľ޸һ߻Ӷ߲񽣣֮ӭʮ˵Ŀ͹
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʥܴ󶯵Ǻҡ
ҵײһսʮ˻ԴĹɱƣʮʮǿһδλɣҲһδˣʱʱ鿪
û֮ǰôˣϢ֮ǰЩ
Ԫü
ϻȻǶһ㣬üͷҲ΢塣
ֽ쵤ҩЧҪˡϵʿսڿʼ˥ˡ


2247 ǿ
ʲô
ϵʿĻ׻ɫɵõ
ֽ쵤ҩЧҪˣ
ͰҲɵüֽ쵤ҩЧһȥʧΣˣû㹻Ϊ֧ŵ£ǱǿٿֲҲܵеùʮʮǿߣοﻹдɱʮͼ
ЩϹʮһ𣬻ﲼһڴɱʮͼ
ϵʿĥ
¡
ǰʥܹ˻ƣ߲ۣһʮʮǿ߼սͬʱɱʮͼԽԽ
Ǽʮ϶ڶ˲ˣҲ֣źֽ쵤ҩЧȫȥСӹܹ𵽶ã𵽶ðɡ
ϻ
ǰһɱʮͼʣǵսʵǳҲﲻʲôæˣҲվ￴źãٿԸŵʮʮǿߡ
ԪԵͷֱӶˣʼһֱչǿɱǰ
ϻԪһ֣ϵʿҲ󣬸չǿʥ
𡢰С̫Ͱ׻ʱûжս̫ˣǳ֣ö𲻵ܻ𵽷á
䣡
桢Ԫʡϻϵʿʱֱӿսִѹ¡
˳ɱ֣΢жݣȴûж˵ʲôʱʵûиĵʱ䣬Ӷ߲񽣣۵ѹǰ
ʥ𶯣ϯʮ
ϻ˳֣ȷʵһЩã죬Ľʮʮȫɡ
ᣬ˲һʮǿǰ˫ֳ߲񽣣ޱߵ߲񽣽֮⣬ĳ˵ͷ­նȥ
ۣ
Ѫˮɽ飬Ψ̲࣬žŭ֮ɫɿˡ
ֻǣᣬֱһ˴ѷ죬˵ϯУһͲʵĲҽ֮˴ѷֱӱպϡ

ʮʮǿŭĴɱʮͼ֮񱩡
Уһʮϱɱ
ʮ˺ʩΪʥѹ졣
ͬʱܼɱɱͼɷҲϵʿϻѹȥ
Ǽ϶ͳȫǣ
һʮǿߺ
ɱɷӿϵʿϻˡ
ȫʥ֮ӭȻĴɱʮͼʵ̫£׼˵з˵ϡ
ʱ۵ģѪˮŽը
˿ؾ۳ɫһ˲䶼ǱޱأطĴɱʮͼ̫ǿˣʮʮǿߺ߶ȫס
ɣ
ɭʮʮǿٴδ߶ɱʮͼ֯ӿֲĹƣ֮Уһγϻ˺¡
Ҳʱוּһƿѹɱɱޱɷ߲֮񽣣һնߣѹԪʵ˵ɱɷȫ顣
ǰȥ⣬һ
ôٴζ֣֮ǿнԪʺϻս
һսϵʿ˽Բ֮ػһЩʮϣȻһʮطӡһɱʮͼʣȾ£˺֧ţǿдƬսսܿͻ֮Σ
Сӣ㡭
˱ǿͳս⣬ϻ̲סڣȴվûм˵ʲô
ʵǼɱڣﲻʲôæֻԼУ죬ǵѣǿдɱͳ
ϵʿȻҲһ㣬ɫܳأĿǰս
С̫Ͱ׻Ŀĵǡ
źֽ쵤ҩЧʱƣҪûˡ
죬Ҫˣߣ߰
߰
ϣԿӴ󺰣Ȼܿڼʧս˥ˣȥԻطѹ
ǾһŮŮɷΪѣܳܣҲĿ
ȾѪԿӵûлӦʲôֻҡҡͷ
Կµĸףµĸףûмһ棬ô˶ȥҲҪˣ
ﬣ
񽣣Х̶ƥĽֱĳʮʮǿնȥ
ͬʱ΢һ˳ԻƺƵѹ¡
ʮʮǿ⣬ĿŭʥƵ߶Ĵɱʮͼĳ칥
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʮ˼սϯһһ쫷磬ѪˮϷɽ
תۣǰӹȥϵϢ˥˸࣬ʮ˼Ѿȫûƣֻܺʮսƽ
վ㻹֧ŶãգĽֻ֣бѹһ;
һĵ
Ƴɢȥ޷ѹǣֻܺսƽ֪ʱƣս˥ǵеŭʼϨ±Įһоƿеĸоٴλصϡ
ԱߣһʮɨԿӣĿϣĵ˵֣˵ĵ£һһ
˵ţ˵ֽӡԱ߶ʱһξѪ֯ŵϢֱԿԼһģһٲȻһʼͱ׼˵ģʱ򱻴򿪣̼һռŻ
ǰһžһ£
ĵһƬпᡣ


2248 
ˣ
𶯣ԿıԴѪӵıԴѪڣâڡ
ĿռŻڶڣ˿˿ƵԽ֯
һƬ浽ûһЩʱ䡣

ϣԿӶʱɫǵľѪʲôʱȡߣȴ֪ǵľѪΪý飬ǿѪŮˣڣŮҲһᱻǿое
ϣס֣
Կ̲ס¶֮ɫҪӷ߳ϧȴãǵʮʮǿߺķƣƿ
ȻҲû˿ãԴ
ϵʿϻҲ붯ݣ֪һЩºɵ£ʱԿӵľѪǿºɣǲɵüͷ塣
ԿӱѹѾʹ챻ǣƵĺ鷳⣬ºɱǿй֮ػһЩУɽ⡣
С̫Ͱ׻ҲŵǣģȴһЩŹֵı顣
ǿ¹׻ſڣôáڻ
ﬣ
̶Ȼ
Ŀĺ⣬͵һնǰĵͬʱޱˣһȭߡ
㣡
˾ȻעºϣһΪֱ֣ӱŭɱ⡣
ڵ㣬
߱ʮĸʮǿһ֣ӭϡ
Ŀ׹⣬𶯣˫еľֺͬʱתһʱ䱬Ϊ񱩵֮Ǻ𶯣һռ䱻˺ѡ
͵ģ˲ѣͼ飬ߵҲ뵹ˡ
ȥǳǣۣЦԵЩ̣֪ԺǰĨɱ¶ı飿᲻ֱӱ
еɱʱŨҵ㣬âң߲̼佣졣
ƥ֮֮ѹߡ
Цʮ˺ӦԣʱȻȫ졣

棬򡭡
ڣһĹУ´ɡϾ顢ѩҹͼĹڣѾĹʱĿռѿ
һռŻʣ֯ʥԣֱӽºԵһ˽ȥ
ͬʱռŻ˲ʧ
½㣡
ѩҹͼ˶ʱ䶼ɫ
ϾҲݣ⻭棬͵ɽʱĻֶǿ£СҲһھн˵Ȼȴûеǵɫ󣺡˭˵ˣ

棬Ǻ
䣡
â¶߲֮֮ڣ񱩵Ĺɱߡ
ߺʮĸʮǿߺǣʱĿ׹⣬ȫɱϣȻʮĴɱʮͼɱУȴҲⴴ
ۣ
ӽӲʮ˼һιһ߹ᴩ
Ѫˮڳա
ӿŭʱȫܡ
Ҳʱ˵һĿռŻһºɴӿռŻڻ
ʱ䣬طȫƫͷȥÿһ˵ı飬ǲͬ
ϣУԿӲɵͬʱĿͬʱϣͬԴѪϢޱȼޱȽΪºԵɣǱǿоеλãߵƿصĴɱС
˿ʼҪгûκεá
£ɣ
󺰣ͬʱٳŵǸȥ
°ʤѩԵʮְķ򿴹

ԱߣҲǿ˹ɵõ
ͻȻ򱻾İĵطЩ͹Ź֣ʱ쾹Ȼطɵõݡ
ٶȺܿ죬â죬նһƬƬɷɱ⣬º
ʮʮǿߣͬʱ֣¡
ʮ˺ɣֻ£Կһòһ⼫
һգϢȻŅֱ֣֣̀ӳץȥͬʱҲҲһУ裡
¡¡ģֽ֯Ϣѹʮ죬תۼ䵽ͷ
ϣס֣סְ
ԿУһ𣬷һĳײ
£Сɣ
С̫̲סг
еɱ㣬һХʮĸʮǿߣٳȥ
Ҳʱһ촫׻ͻأԶһŴֱײķ顣


2249 򷨲մ
Ǳ飬ߵһƺߣйڶ
ϣץ£ԿԭޱȽƴײ󣬵ǣʱһĻȴ˲סˡ
ղšô£
Ǻɱ֮⣬桢Ԫʡϻϵʿɵöݡ
֮ػһ̧ץ£ԭڵǣȻһ̣߾Ȼͻأ˳ȥУûпκζ
ԱߣͰҲǲɵɫ΢ղѹĴӡԺֲܿȻĻȴȻ㣬Լ˳ȥ
⣬⡭׻΢һ˿˷ܣүԽԽã϶ǻ
ѽ
С̫۾ɵĺԲԵú߬СצӣϲĿɱе¡
Ͱ׻Ȼ˰ûпж֣ȴ߱ɣǺйء
ɱУԭڳºȥĸŮˣʱһĻŲɵͣ
ֵͻأɣһĻ̫ϤˣڼʱѪ泯¶֣ҲһģһĻ档
ô£
ʮĸʮǿʱҲɵͣ¶ΪһĻ
ط˲Եð࣬Լ˿˿΢紵
һϮȹƺûпڱҲûκĿƿŲϿȥԿϡ
һòϢԿӣıû̫ı仯ȴ˷ǳԵĲ
ϣԿӱУӭµĿ⣬ʱ£ЩĿЩǲҿ¡
Աߣ˳µĿ⿴ȥҲǿԿӣĿȫԿϣƯĴ۾ʱԲˣף㻹нã
ӱòȥԿȫһģһֻԵĲͬ
쿴£ŲϵԿӣʱû˵ʲô
ʵϣ֪±ضѾʲô
°ʤѩ֮ˣȻòԿһȴҪԿʤ٣˵ĸоȻòһʵȴԿܶ࣬ҵóʲôݣƬǺΪĳֶʧɫࡣ
ף
µ½ǣµĿڲ֮ϣʱЩʧ
½Ǳ΢ָЩվԭأȥ
ֻǣȥĿ⣬Կϡ
æϣԹԵµ·
Ҳʱ¡һԶ޸ƣһ̳أĿŭ
֮ǰڶѹ£ûжȴˣ
ʲôĺѹ
˺ٴζ֣ѹȥ
ʮĸʮǿ߶һ˲󵱼һ֣Ҳץ¡
һʱ䣬ʮɰʥܷӿ춯ء
ʮʮǿߣƽ֯Ϊˡ
ӭһĻܾɵӡ

˫Ŀкâ䣬߲񽣣һʱǳǸطȥ
һ̣ݣɵͣ
³ʮʮǿߵĺΧƺûпһ㣬ĿʼԿϣȻʮ˳ȥȴҲºɽǰָо·ºһƬռ䡣
ʮʮǿȻǱɫ¶ݣô£
ʮ˳֣ƱøϢӿ֣ȻûκãеɱâʧˣҲŲԱߵɡ
Ƿ͵Ĺƣ޳ϣ䣬Ҳӽˡ
ϣԿӱɫɱ⣬ԪʵҲűɫ
ϻͻȻһ£˼ˣҽƿصޱȴ죬Ůޡ˵ĺܣʣƲ٣
ʲô
ϻĻԱߣԪͬʱɫ
ʲôˣ޵еĴڣ֣ѹţϻµʲ٣ǿ඼¡
ȷܿ£ʣȷʵǵʦ٣
ԱߣڼĿù¶֡
¡
ɱУ֮ػһʮʮڼֶΣ£ȻȴʼûκãеĹ䲻µϡ
´ɣһƬռ䣬Ӻƽ򷨲մһ߿ŲϵԿӣһߴɳȥʮ֮ػһʮʮǿȫ˦ǰĿ⣬ҲʱԿջأǰȾѪ졣
𣿡



2250 
³ҲڣһеĿ죺ô˵زأûкʹ
û£С˶ѡ
쿴ºɣЦǵһ˿Ѫ
ʱȾ˺ܶѪǵ˵ѪԼѪࡣ
漴£ͷ̲ס⣬Ǵﵽһεȵĸ߶ˣ֮ػһʮʮһΧȴ½Ƕ
Ůޡ
Զɱ⣬ϵʿ£ɵö¡
֮ػһʮʮǿߺΧ£ȫӣָоͷ·ʮ˺Χɱµ̣ڸˣһ㡣
ϣԿȫסˡ
һֱ£֮ػһ˺£ȴ뵽£ǵŮȻôǿٲȻѾԶԶʮǿߡ
ɱڣߵʮʮǿ߸Ŀݣ𺳡
ôܣ
Щţʮ˺ȴȻ¶ˣ£Ȼǵ۷״̬ԿҲ
ܿ죬Щ˵ıֶ
ɱ󣬼ͼˣһ£
ߺ½ӡ߶ӡĴɱʮͼ
ɱʮͼǺķ׼ĴɱţɱʮͼԽطһѹ
ͬʱʮĸʮǿҲһӡ߶ɱʮͼ̱ɱɷƺƵĳ졢ºѹȥ
ȹɺܿ£ʹ־ӡ
ɡ
µһǿ˳ȥ߲һ֮߶ֻؽ̼ɨֻؽ⣬ѹɱɱâͼɷȫ顣
ɭ䣬ֻߣնɱɱâͼɷٶͻأֱһ絽߽ǰһֻֻӶֻȭѹ䡣
˵һһȭ˵£һȭǺִ߲ٳķĻؿڡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽߵҵķѣΨ겻࣬˿ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ɱɱͼɷ𶯣ʮĸʮǿߺ߶ɱɷٴѹƣϢˡ
ɭ䣬ʼֻǶߣȫʮˣƬǺһӰתۼǱƽߵǰ
ﬣ
߲񽣻Ӷâ죬ֱӽ˵ᴩһǰ͸
࣡
߾ŭٴκˣʼŭ
ֻǣٶȣԶԶȲٶȡ
תۼֱƵǰ

Ŀɱâڳɱʮȫ⣬߲ٴγѹ£ңͬһʱ䣬𶯣һ˴һѹ¡
һûȥ֮иû
ҿ
ֵŭ𴫳ʩţҪſ֮УȻȴá
ɱһ֮з˺꣬Ļ־ޱˡ

󣬼žͲʵĲҽд꣬˺ķ顣
Ҳʱʮ˵ɱâѹٳֻⲨ¡
ʮ
ɱ⣬ϻϢѾڲ˥䣬ѾûˣǣȾ£ͬʱʮʮǿߣһɱʮͼȴնһʮǿߣǱ̫ˡ

ʮĸʮǿ߾ǱŭŶãطʮУһ崫ôãδܹ˾޴ʧ
ɱ
ŭʱºɣеĹȫѹȥ
¡¡ģʮʥӿɱɱʮͼڣϢˡ
Ӷ߲񽣣Ԧ֮ӭʮˣû˿ļɵ
һʱ䣬ֲͬĴײһſŵĴǱֱӸ顣
ӽնʮˣʮǿߵĹȴҲϡ
һΣ˵Ĳᣬȴǲ䣬ֻľƣ߲ٴλӶۼԦ֮֮ϣնʮʮǿߡ
ϢһЩڡ
ɱ⣬ϻüʱϢ˥˵ĸ࣬ƳʧˣԼƿʼֳ
¡
ɱ֮ڣʥڣʮĸʮǿߺɱ֮ⲻѹ졣
վ㲻ˣһ˺ĶֻһϣȴȻǰϣԹŴδ£
ʮӺ߶ɱâһʱøӵ
ӱ䣬źֽ쵤ҩЧʼˣսʼ˥ʱʮ˺߶ɱȴʼû˿ɵ
κβңգ
ĵ
µһ˲䣬Ƶʥϴسס
°ȹѩһ̣ǧѩֻضɽ
䣡
ʥϯǺ䣬̱ǣǳ޾µĻɽ˰㣬ʮʮǿѪɡ


2251 ٱս
ѪˮɽϣĿġ
ô£
Ϣô
ϻ˽Զݣǰһ̣ϢڼʱȴͻأǣǾĿ𺳡
ƺ
ĿֲɵýϣȵǸоκ쳣ʱȴתۼµսǣԺȵѲ˹ϵ
ǡֻضɽ
ѽ
С̫Ͱ׻ǾϲǶֻ֪ضɽĴڣΪºʱǧֻʩչֻЧֻضʹã԰ٱս
Ҳһֱתֻض󣬵ʱֻضɽתŵֻض֮սȻȻǿʼʽĵ
ƵƮƬǺͣ˿˿磬ƿɾ
⣬ʥâ貣һֱתŵֻضֻضɽ໥Ӱ죬ԴΪ֮Ϊ貵Ĺâһɹȴӿ
սɱתۼǿٱٱﵽٱ
ֻľֻضֻضɽ
оâ֯
ֻľֻرԴǱͷţֻľʱתֻضսǴǿʮǿʮֻľֻضֻضɽ߼Ĵ߻Ӱ챻㣬ʱֱʹǿٱս
һ㣬ʱ˲뵽ˡ
ô
֮ػһ屻ɵʮĸʮǿסΣʱ죬̲סɫ
ʱǵĸ֪У·һƵģɢϢǾǲɵһӺ
쿴ʮˣʱɢǿطϯһɹ쫷磬ǰĺڷ趯
䣬һ̶ˣֻһʧԭأ˲ʮеһ˽ǰ
ٶ̫ˣЩˣʹʮǿߵݣ㡭
ˣ
ȭȭͣЯٱսҪƬǺ飬ϵпռȫʹöԷ޿ˣֱһȭؿڡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽһƬĿֱӱһȭķ飬ͬ궼ѺۣĿ㤵ĳˣת۱ǶݳǧԶ
Į˫иžֺ£ĵ໥һɨԷ塣
Ǹطֱһиֱ֣ʼһֱ㽫ԷС

ҽддž֣Ѹʧ漴оֱպϡ
񜨣
ʮʮǿߴ̲ס
һһʮϣС
ͬһʱ䣬ϻ˽ļ£̲סһ
һ˲͡
ϵʿۣͬǿߣ֮ػһʮڣʱսǣȻһ˲ͱĨɱˣս̫ˡ
ƣɱУѣĿͣһ㡣
ɱУ޾ɱâϯʱʱҲɱ⳯Ȼȴ޷⣬ǵһʱת䷽򣬻ֱʧ
ԿӱϵУһ˲˲ĿĿϣǲ˸
һֱϵĵŮԭôǿʵѾԶԶǡ
ϣƬǺɣͣ
䣬ʥâƣ貣ʮʮǿߣûκεͣ٣ֱӱɱȥ
ﬣ
Ӷе߲񽣣ٱսļӳ£һ˲Խɾ룬һϡ
۵һʮǿ㱻ֱնķ飬Ψ겻࣬žŭȻٺˡ
䣬۽ֺ֯£ĮɨӶ˲һ˴ѷ죬ֱӽС

ҽд̶žֺ;ʧֶѷ˲պϡ
ʮʮǿȫŭˣһʮǿУһԱɱ⡣
ȫ߶ɱͼ
ŭ
ʮʮǿ߾һĴɱʱڣʣµʮͼ𶯣Թ˻ɷ죬ֲֿ볯ѹȥ
Į˵ӿ̼佫ɱɷȫ
ĿʮеһϣԷֱ˳Ӹ֣֮룬۵һķ飬Ψʱû飬Ӷݡ
Ȼȴá
Į˳͵𶯣ֱӽѹķ顣


2252 ¯
˽֮֯ػһһʮնһѪˮ¡
ǺɱУԭʮˣڻʣʮһˡ

ɱ
Щ˿죬ŭ㣬ʮһŭ𣬽طĴɱʮͼٴδ߶񱩵ɱâ޾Թӿɷһӿңʮ˺죬ᴩգֱĳȥ
Įӭȹƣѹˣ˲ѹС
ȭֻȭٱ֮£ֻһȭǽʮһȫѪɣӳڶȭٵʮڵͼ
ںϣ
ʮһסΣ˵ͺ𣬻ʣµʮͼֱںϵһ𣬻һӿֲĴͼԹ鱻ǿۺһɷøӿֲ
ʮһˣ߶ڴͼһУϯһУѹ졣
һɹ쫷ϯ⣬ϻ˲ɵ΢
ʵȹ̫ˣǿԽһжʴ
򣡡
ʮһȣͼϰ˻֮ƣתͷϿա
ıɣͷѹĴͼûκζֻ΢
ˣ
ʮиڴͼϣ֯ϵĴ֮͵һֱӽʮͼ۶ɵĴͼķѡ
̼䣬ⷽɱУܼԹȫʧӿɷҲһʧ
ٶⷽɱУ
⣬ǡ
Զϵʿɵö£ʱսļ
ˣ
ϻզࡣ
ʮͼһɲǱ飬ʮʮǿߺķ¿ӡطĴɱҲ˲䱻ȫ٣һУֻĿɨѡ
ۣƿˣԽ㹻Ϊ֧£ֱǡ
ԪĿâ
Զľ޴ϣԿҲ𺳣ʱĿѵõĴƿϣϣǲɵ˸
ۺ˧
ɴ󺰡
ΨºǧѩֻضɽƵĵƮǺ
ȵֻض໥ϣ໥ʹʥâӿ
㡭
ʮһʮǿ߿죬ȾѪ̲סˣŭѡ
ͬʱЩֲɵÿԶ£ж¶ں֮ɫ
ô
ʮˣһԿȡ˵ľѪ˵ıԴѪΪý飬ǿд󣬶ǿеŽһȫѹȴ뵽ǿй£ʵȫǵȫǵԤϣһ֣ȴȻ¶
˿̣սͻأǵһĸ߶ȣҲõйأ´ʱǵȵйء

Щ˫֡
ԭ֮ǰսѾڲû˸棬ǾԿԽѹȻʱȴǿоеֱӸıս֣սѾʼ죬ͻأٴαǿǿһǾ㤵ĵزһѹǣɱʮͼ׻ٵˡ
ﬣ
𶯻Ǻ
ĿһƬĮ̻ٵʮͼĴɱһζˣе߲񽣣⻮̼дƬâʮն䡣
Ƚâ֮ǰ̫ˣת۱ʮһʮǿǰ
ʮһͲȫ
ȻȴǸá
ٱսӣһʮ˳ȫն顣
󣬽âƲѹ䣬۵Ľʮһȫնķ顣
Щվǿ߼ȻˣȴûһѪˮ룬ת۱۳ǡ
ವһֱӳԿȥתۼǵֿٽӡʹסԿӵʱ𶯣ɢΪ˵ĻϢɭȻĶ죺ֻ壬־ܣ򣬱˽Ƕ
ˣ
նֱӴ˵Ļɨ˲һѷ죬ֱңֱ˾С

㤲ҽдﴫһ̣˴ѷʧӰ١
ͬʱֻһǳڲ֮ϣ΢֮֯ʹԿƴ˲߽⡣
ûˡ
Կӵ
۴󿪣ٱսӣƿǱ׾١
лллл죡
ĸм֮ɫ漴ĿƶǸطȥȥĿǲɵЩ
֪Ǿ£Բ£ûµģ֡
¡
ͻȻƬǺ𶯣ʹĻϡ
¯֣
ʮһʮǿ߲֪ʲôʱһ𣬸дӿŭһ̽ͬķӡ˲Ϣһ޴Ŀռѷ졣
Уʥⷭӿ漴һڱ¯ԻɻӿоɸߣʼһֱɢһϢƿɽٻ١


2253 ǿ
¯лһĨâڱ¯ͬһ㣬ǳ
ԿǱɫ
֮ػһǿߣ¯ȻϵãΪ֮ػһ֮һֱʥɽڣҪʮڵʮǿ߲ſɴ߶ӵмΪֲܡ
ͬʱԶϻ졢ԪʡϵʿˣҲǸΪ֮ݡ
¯ӡ
ϵʿͫ׶ɵ΢ڱ¯סˡ
𡢰С̫Ͱ׻ȻҲ¶ɫʮһʮǿǿڱ¯̫ˣֻǿţ궼ɵ΢
¡
ʥΪˣɸߵ¯ʮһʮǿߺƿأһƬһ˵ѹȸطƵ͵졣
ȲڴˣǾͶˣն
һʮǿߺ
ѹ£
һ˿ڣ£ʮһ붢죬߶¯¯𶯣ֱӳѹȥ
¡¡ģžɵ¯ռƬƬı
쫷磬һɹ⡣
վڲϣǰڷ쫷紵趯оĵڱ¯ľˣԶԶͼȣȴûκα仯û˿ļɵ
̧֣֮߶ֻؽһѹı¯ӭϡ
וּһһתۼ¯ײһ
¡¡
ܣռ䵱ֱ飬¯Ҳ͵һʮԶ
ˣ
һĻʹϻ˲ɵ־ǿ˵¯Ȼһʮɡ
ԿеľɫŨΪ֮ػһǿߣǷǳڵ¯жֲѹϰ˻֮ƣȻ˿̣¯ûзӳܣɵֻǼѹȴҲǷǳ˵ģȻ쾹Ȼ̧һͽ¯նʮԶ𺳣ŷ֣˿̵սĻҪǿ
ʮһʮǿҲͫ΢һٴδ߶¯ѹϡ
ˣ
ǺڣռŤһ汾ԴĴӿӿ¯֮ڡ
¯һǿԾѪܼҪķҵȵʥֻҵ־Դ߶ƥĻ֮ƣڵ¯ǰʵſ£
һ˶죬
¡¡ģ¯𶯣ɢƶʱøŨ¯â䡣

η壬ӭϣ߲ն£âƵʮء

֮⣬һƬõĴڣһɽʣʥһ㡣
УһԻͱʣһ̣һڣһѪ۵ߺ˫ۣʮϽ֯ĹӡԼǳڻƣɢľ֮ǿʢ·ѹһС
һ̣վҲʲôһ̱ʧУ౦ȺһɽУɽʮʮߡ
Ѫ֣߳ɽڵʮʮ߶ʱǶݡ
棬Ѿ
Щ˿ѪߣĿѪʮϣʮϵһӡɵýΪ֮𺳡˷ܡ
һѾռһͻˡѪߵɽ¯˳ȥ
طǲ֣ԿΪֻǰĵӡԼǰȥ֪ˣ¯Ǻٻ˹ȥ
ʮеһ˻
ٻ¯ǵ״ܺáѪ䣬˶٣ãչ޾£ͻƣȥһߡǣǷҪһǰ
ǣ
ʮ˵
ѪߵͷǾ߰ɡ
Ż䣬һ˲Ϣʧ

棬Ǻ
ﬣ
Ӷ߲񽣣Хӭʮһʮǿߴ߶¯նһƬƬռ䡣
һ¯նɣһײİŴǲͣ¡
ô
Į
ʮһʮǿĿϣ⣡¯ƣԶδӳ
¯ʥ𣡡
һ˺
ʮһ˺߶¡һ¯ʱ𶯣¯ƿڣӿȼŵĻֱӿʶ캣˰㳯ѹȥ
ıûκα仯һ˵ѷ측ɲǼ佫ʥֱӾС
㡭
ʮһʮǿƤӾ¯ڵʥԷپһУȴȻãûп죬Ǳ˴ѷ죬ֱȫˡ
ĮһֱдƬâʮһնȥֱһˡ
һ̣ݣŲֹס̧ͷʮһȥ


2254 ɱ޹
֮ػһ壬ʮһʮǿһռŻѿʮһ߳ԱʮΪ׵һѪߣƺ»ơ
һĿѪϣˣов
桭
Կϵˣںɫ΢䣬ѪʮƣǴͻƺһֱ־һδ˴ﵽǸ߶ȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϻҲݣоѪߵĿ£һһǱʮϢȴǿüΡ
棬ءһʼطʮһʮǿߣȻоõԼһĴʮͷɫ͵һ䣬ǾϲֱֱĿѪߣ棬ͻˣ
Ѫߵͷ棬ĿԿϣĿĮϣӸЩֻ壬ۣͬʱˡ
ʱѾʮʮǿ߿е֪˹¡
ʱ򣬿죬һɵѹڽ̼֯ʮ
쵱ɫ΢䣬ѹ̫ˣһʮǿȫûа취ȣӭѹûɵһɺ궼ɵò¡
ͬһʱ䣬ԿӺҲԽɫͱ䡣
⣬⡭
׻ֹסĲ̤·ǵһθܵôֲѹ
С̫Ҳǲɵ΢ȻźԶʱҲѹѹȵķǳܡ
Ѫ˫ֱޱȣĮĿ죬ؾٳǰһͬʱ渺ֻʺۣ㵹Ǻܴ󵨣Ҳ˼
棬ȵȣһʼڻǺʮһʮǿУ˿ڣѪҪ֣ҧ潫ǣط֣о˱ɱˣǡȥͬ壡
ʮһеһ˿ڣԸǸŮˣָԶµԿ͵Ǹĺֻĵ£ǿֻ֮Իδ£ǺĵйϵԱߵģֻĺˣ
ѪֹסŲĿ䵭ĮƿԶϡ
ͬʱһʮʮǿߣҲ¿ȥӽһһ߿ڣɨ۲ϵԿĵһòϢȻΪ֮󣡡
ʮˣʵѾ֪˹£ʱۼµòȫԿһȴҲ¶Щɫ
ֻضɽƮǺͣʱ΢Ķ¡
µıȴ˲ϵԿӡ
ǿҲܴϻۣʱ򣬴֮ػһ⼸ϵĻУ˲֪ˣǿеԿǲϺòһˣǸ༴ӣǺٲȻָ
ԭһʼ￴ʱ͸Ӧ˺ܶ࣬µ˺ܶ࣬ʱżʮϵĻȴɻǲɵ
ǣǡ
ȻҲ࣬µ½ǣϵԿӣƯĴ۾ֱӵԲˡ
˼ĮѪ߿ڣĿʱȫϣƿ¯ʮһʮϵΪȥͬѩܣֻ壬ѹ
˵һֱһƬʥӿˣֱӳ¾ȥ
ĺ֮ܣˣԶĨɱ
Į
ʥ⽻֯תۼѹ½ǰϢƵƿɽһж
ɫоʥĿֲȻ֪һǿ󣬵ȴǵһʱ䶯ˣ߲𶯣׼߲񽣺ʥ⡣
һ̣һͣվû߲񽣣Ҳδ֮
ǰ΢оʲôǿϢֱӽѪ߼ʥ˲ʧӰ١
Ѫ΢΢𣺡ȻֻǱһ˿ʥһǿ߾ܵ£㵹
Ż䣬ˣһ̧֣ʥ⽻֯貳ңлâƶһ֮ӡץȥתۼ̽ǰ⡣
ˣ
ռ΢һ˿
͵һһʥâ̼䱻ѹµĴӡ𿪡
⡭
ط֮ػһʮǿ߾Զݡ
һĴ˴ͻƣʮϽ֯˵֮ƣﵽһΪֲĲΣ֮ػһʷϣδ˴ﵽΡ
ͻƵȸ߶ȵĴ棬ǰγ֣ȴ¸
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǶݡ
¡
ѪĿֲܸоԷζ֣ǵƽԺˣǵڶεĹ֮ӡȻٱս֧۶ûܵ£ȴˣ赭дĵˡУδһ¡


2255 
ϣԶһϮȹ£вɵøһƵľâ
ͬһʱ䣬ԿҲ¶ݣ֮ػһˣʮƺʲôһȫµĸ߶ȣѪߴﵽĸ߶ȣʵٱ۷ʱڵǿ򱶣γ֣ȴ׵ĵ
ȻԷνֻĶ֣Զδʩչȫȴɻ𺳡
Ѫ߿£һʱõĮ˺ܶࡣ
γ֣Եú⣬ڶʱȴҲǶһɵսһɵսȻˣ¶˼ı飬Ӳɵ΢
һսĹ֮ӡȻǵԿҲܵ£
ܲǳ£ӱøӵ䣬ҲӵĮǿѹһʱ͸طֱϯһһɵĿ쫷磺ȥΪ֮ݣʵʸڱУ
¡¡ģƬǺΪ֮𶯣⣬һһӿ֣һ󶦣֮ԵϢ˵㣬ʹƬǺܱߣһһŵĴǱ֧飬ɽ
ӭһĻȫϢ̫ˣ궼
Ȼ۴󿪣ҵٱս죬һҲǲɵñɫ
ȫһһ֮£Ҳҡ
ѪĮ
Ż䣬󶦶ˣƺƵĳѹ£ֱѹһС
棬ס֣飡
֮ϣԿ̲סгֲ̫ˣ˿־塣
ȿ־壬µס
һҪʮռȫ⣬Ǹ岻ȥȻ߲֮񽣣Ҳ޷ƿ
棬㣬סְ
ԿУһ̫ˡ
Ѫӱ䣺Ķʰ󣬾ֵˣúõţ
󶦷ʮ֮ռһƬƬԭʼ
ס
ܾһ£µ½ǸЩ
쫷⣬󶦼ĻϢĹ߶û˽ȥ
ѩ׵ȹǰڶԣ죬û˿仯µıʼջǰɻվԭزƶΨ֮Ʈ͵ĵ֯һ𣺡ϣ£ΨҶ𡣡
䣡
صѹһʱ両ֶټĻǺΪ֮Ҵ𶯣ƺһ̾Ҫ٣һɾϢΪʼ㵴
͵һ̼飬ϢƲļȵѪϣ˿˿ƵѪˮƮ
ɡ
Ѫסˣһ̣飬һƬѪҲһ
棡
ط֮ػһһʮǿ߸ɫұ䡣
һĴ棬չ޾£޾ͻƣﵽһδﵽĸ߶ȣȴȻȥˣɱˣ
Կסˣǵıһ±ʧˡ
ԱߣҲ
һߣԪʵ˸ɵ΢
ԡ˰
ϻë
ϸǵѹļµǰֲѪߣȻôɱˣ
ƮƬǺǹɰصѹ糱ˮȥգۼʧӰ١
ܣܣ
棡
ôģ
ط֮ػһʮʮǿ߽ˣûԸǰһĻǵĴ棬չ޾ºͻƣôᱻɱ
ϣ΢ܿع
ţ
𾪹һ̣̲סЦôһ仰߲һֱӵ߲ɫһʼƬǺʮһʮǿߺѪʮʮǿߣһȽâС
Ƚâޱȣ֮ʮʮǿΪѪ߱ɱһʱûһ˵Ƚ⣬ȫᴩ
ѪˮƬ䡣
࣡
ɱ
ǿ䣬Щ۾ˣͬȺȥ
Ц߲һ֮߶ֻؽֱӽǰһ˵նѣ漴۵֮ѹϣ͵һ˵ѹķ顣
ˣ
ֻͼٱսʩչʥ嫺ѹʮǿ߸£ʥͼѹ£ֱӴƬѪˮ
ʮǿ߸ס˿ٱս߶ֻͼ̼䱻飬ֻʣû飬ʱȴҲǲѺۡ
֮ɨǴƬ֮ƺƵѹ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
촫˱鲼Ѻ۵ֱӱ顣
¯ɱɱ
ʣµʮ߸ʮǿ˫Ŀͨ죬˻𣬴߶¯ѹ졣


2256 ǿ¯
¯ͨ鲼ƣϢܾˣųѹ䣬޾ʥӿ
ɱɱɱ
˻쳹ƬǺʮ߸ʮǿ߿ʼ߶ڵ¯˵ۺһʹõ¯Ʊ֮ǰ˲ǿ˼ࡣ
ĮֱгƬ֮ӿǰӭϡ
ٱսʩչۣ֮ƥ¯ȻƷǳˣʱȴҲǵסȻˣڳʥ˲
ͬʱתۼ絽ʮ˽ǰ߲񽣣򵴿
וּһĽƬâֱӽʮȫɡ
Ѫˮ䳤գ¯ҲһɣԶһŴײķ顣
ЩʮϼһȫڵĶ֣Ҳûκƿԣ̫ˡ
Զϻ
ϵʿͷֿԶ£ˣʣŮǿϲ٣δǱܣǳСʤܶࡣŮ綯֣СС;ƿʱ򡭡̾һӵĴ̬
ƣƮƬǺǧѩֻضɽӡ
⣬ʥâ貣ֻضɽֻضֻľսٱӣΪĨɱ֮ػһǿ棬ʱʹĳȣűøǿЩʮ߸ʮǿ֮һαɱǰ
û̫ڵĶ̧֣ٱսۻӶֻȭ
˵һռ𶯣һȭһʮǿϣ˺ķ飬֮ĿƶԻ˵û
۵һûвҽУ˵ֱӱӿ֮ѹ֧顣
Сӣ֮ǰˡ
׻
ʮʮǿߺɣʱסΣ̲ס
¡¡ģɵ¯ٻ¯ʥٴк
һ̣ʮ˱ŭʥøӿɲܷյһС
ֱ̧֣ӾһȭЯ֮ʥ
漴Ӷ߲񽣣һʮǿնķѣֻͼ֮˵긲ס͵һķ飬ʹ
ͬʱĽƵĽʮĺɡ
ѪˮⷽռϣʮĿŭԶסΡ
һΣʮûɱ졣
һδαɣһδαشһ̣˹
ߣߣ
ҧ
Ӽµķŭ侲Щ֪ǲǴ˿̵Ķ֣¯ҲУ۵̫ǿˣڸס
ңһ߻һһͻƵǿ涼Ĩɱ˵£ǸӲǶ֣սȫ
εĲ֣ʧˣ׵İˣ
ʧأ
ߣ
ٴε
ʮʮǿߣɫޱ࣬ȴڵµ¯ˣʮ˺¯˺ѿһռŻ
ߣ룡
һӿݻһУֱӽ¯˺ѿĿռŻ顣
ʮʮǿŭеɱŭøӿѣɷ㡭
ﬣ
Į߲񽣻Ӷ֮߶ֻؽ۶ÿһֻؽⶼ֮
ʮʮǿ߳¯⣬¯ȡʮ汾Դʥӿ籡ҪⷽǺոɾ
ǿ츽ֻ֮ؽǰȴԵúܴ
͵һʥһαȫն
ͬʱֻ֮ؽâƲʮѹȥ
ʮ˽ŭ¯ӭϵֵ
һ¯ֱӱնĺɣֻ֮ؽâȴҲ˶顣
лһĨâ¯ȷʵһ㣬֮ӵֻؽâնڵ¯֮ϣȻ֮ˣĽâҲ˷飬ң¯ϾȻûһۼ˵ڵ¯Ĳ򵥣ȷһر
£ֱ̧֣ϣʩչرǿг¯ץȥ

ʮʮǿȻҪ¯ӷŭͬʱ𣬷ĳѹȥȫ߶¯ʹ֮˵ʥ⣬졣
Į˫Уֺ½һתֱһٲԼܹĺʮʮǿѹ¡
¡һʮ˵ȫѹ飬ٲӿʮȫɡ
ͬʱ̽Ĵ¯ϣڵ¯ץסǰء
䣡
¯𶯣źϣ޾ӡ𣬱ƣϯʥһ貵ķĴӵ¯Իֱĳ


2257 ڤ
žʥģ糣
ЩʥģĮһ֮ϯʥȫ𣬶֮¯ڣڵꡣ
¯𶯿⣬ϵķĵӡŹâ
ſ
ʮʮǿŭ𣬷ĳͨ볯ȥ
̧֣߲񽣴߶ֻؽֱһ
וּһƵ̼佫ʮʮǿȫɣѪա
Ҳʱ¯ðڵ걻ֱĨȥһץ

һ¯ңֱڡ
ڵ¯ܾˣһڳر
һôˣǡ
Զϻۡ
ԪʺϻҲľʱ죬սʵǿ¡
ǣ
׻໵ĽС
һƲ֣ǰǿ£ȴ䵽³оܽ

ʮʮǿŭ𣬼ߣʱȫȥ
ӵĮһ֮ӿʮȫС
飡
飡
飡
תۼ䣬ʮ˱ɣڿѪ
ͬʱХصٴζ֣߲ʩչֻؾŽֱ֮ӽʮǿ߱飬һ˴У˵ͬһ뵽У֮ѹķ顣
׶Σ۵ƿԽԽ죬ĸҲԶԶûǰǰˣǰ㣬ʹʱ֧š
ʣµʮʮǿߣûʲôֱӱϡ
ʮʮǿŭʮУסΣɱ죬Ƶӿ졣
ͦ֡
ͻȻĮⷽǺϿմһӰͻأĳ֡
һȥЩаˣϴһȦɫƣһͷĳֻվԼ䣬Ǻȴ·Ϊ֮
ڤˣ
֮ػһʮʮǿͣɫˣɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ˣԿӡ桢ϻϵʿ˸ɫ䡣
һֻ̣ǿаˣǷ·ͿԼĻ档
Ȼǿ£ʱҲ΢Ŀ˷ǳԵĲ
ϴǵĲЩˡ
ڤ߿գ֮ػһʮʮǿߡ
ʮʮǿ߸΢սսԭд񣺡ˡ
һָ죬ڤˣȾָֻأֻ壬ƿۣܼԦˣѹ׼ѹʽȥԲǺķ˴ϴʱ䣬ڣǡ
Ŷڤ˵ĻĿϣ˫Ŀ֮ϣֻ壬ۣܴ࣬󵨡
Ȼڤֵһ˲ڿŶԷΪԷǵȿϢʱӭŶԷĿ⣬ǲɵǾҵʹ
ˣ̫ˣ֮ػһǸȣ·Ϻһͷ𣬽ֻǶԷ񿴹ʹҪ˰㡣
ͬʱ֪Ϊʲôʱ˺Ϥƺ
ˣ
У߲𶯣âһ㡣
Ϊ𶯣ͷ­ɵþʹɱкնһģȾѪͻأʹͷ­øʹʶڱ˺
ڤʶԽԽʹģԺУȾѪĻ治ϸصӰըѪգмӰԶȥʧʾͷ
ͫ׽ţӿ֣ԽԽŨ
㣡
쳹ƬǺͻأħ˫ͫһ̱Ѫ죬ͬ˰㣬ֱ߲ӳŲϵڤȥ
һĻʹԿӡ桢Ԫʺϻʧɫ
ħˣô£
ϵʿĿݡ
Сӣ
죡
׻С̫̲סͻأıȫ⡣

Ҳסˣ󺰡
¶ˣʱռʥâ֯һȦȦ졣
֪ΪͻȻħ֪ǸڤֲܿȥΣա
˿ĮڤڣǺˣʹռâĿڳ߲񽣳ϣƺԱűʶ𣿡
˫Ŀ죬ʶڴ˿ʧˣͬҰް㶢ڤ˻⣬ħϳϡ


2258 ħ
ħ˽֯ת۶ѣ߲񽣳嵽ڤǰһն¡
һޱȿ£ƿնһС
ֻǣһڤǰһɣԶֱӱ鿪
ѪˮУĿġ
ɫͣڹڤⴴȴԼ
ô£ôˣ
죡

׻С̫־ּ
ѾסΣֻضɽʱʧˣһγǰ
һױȵǿʢѹڵǺΪ֮ԾΪ֮һƺƵ鲼ǺϿա
Ϣȫĸݺһ궼ɵΪ֮
⣬
ϻ
ѹ̫ˣ֮ǰĨɱ֮ػһĴʱԻѹҪǿʮ֮ࡣ
ǺϿգڤ΢΢һ˿ŮӾȻܴﵽȸ߶ȣܲ˵ȻһĨʥڱǰ㲻ʲô
Ż䣬һεƺⷽǺӿ֣ˡ
һΣһ˳ʮɣ΢ʧ˼Ѫɫ԰˺ܶࡣ
ף
ɳȥܿԱߡ
£
С̫ɫ׻Ҳɫ
һΣǵһμܽˣΡ
ңһΣˡ
ǰǴһ죬ܹ˵¡
ԿȻǴ󼱣ˣ̲סȥ
⡭
ôܣ
ϻɫ䣬о¸ղɢѹжֲǿ߷ĲȻȴ֮䱻Ǹڤˡ
ڣǶڤֻ֣ƾͽǿˡ
ڤ˼գȫ÷ڴˣ
֮ػһʮʮǿߣʱĿ˺
ڤĴڣԿ֪꣬Կ̫ѸˣԿȫǰֻ֪Կ֮ͥǲǿδλߣԿݻһʵֳڤԼ֧ͥͥĴڣδ𡣶Ǵ֪ԿͥʱԿȺ
࣡
Ѫ䶯һؾ۳˫ĿѪ죬ϵħӾˣȫʧȥңͷĺڷһĿ衣
Ѫ˫۶ڤͬҰްûκԥһɱȥ
ƿɣǧѩĿâһٴζ֣ȥ
ͬʱһ̣ҲˣΪͻȻħȴ֪ںΣգһǰȥк嫵ʥâԻ
˿ڤڣĮһȫˣң֮һһϣһ˽סԶһˣô˼ֵܲףֵõأʵĴţԺǡ
Ż䣬Ŀϣһ˿Ȥ
ǱʶԱ˺⣬СϣΪλԱк⣿
ų죬ʱֻʺ۷̫⡣
˫Ŀ죬ͬҰһ㣬еֻɱеֻǷ
ת۶ѣ嵽ڤǰһն¡
ȻһΣûʲô仯۵һڤֱӱ顣

Զɱţ̲סг
ѪƮռϣܿ죬ٴؾ۳һγڤȥ
ֻǣûκθı䣬ǰΰ㣬αڤϢ顣
Ҳ
֮ػһʮʮǿߺʬһĿ졣
ѪˮŽ겻𣬷˻ٴؾ۳ڤȥ
ȻɣĴα顣
ֻǣԴˣƺȫֻ֪ɱ֧ţٴؾ۳һһεĳڤȥһһα飬ѪˮϵĽա
𿴿֧Ŷá
ڤûз˫֣Ŀ죬첻ϵĳɱϱըƺͬϷ
ХѪ£¾۳ûʹٴɱڤ
һһΣȫʧȥǣң˫۱ø죬ħøŨɱڤһһαڤ飬ϵⴴ
ֻǣʮը飬ʧȥֻضɽ֧ţʱȴ˿ͣԽԽǿ
𣡡
һؾ۳ڣԼħХ֮һɺ嫵ѹƵǺΪ֮ҵҡƺһ̾Ҫ١
ڤ΢˫ۣ˼ΪŮӵ˺ܶ࣬һ˲䣬սȴȻ˼˵ţ֣һȦʥâȥ๻ˣıܺǱʶ״ʲô
ʥһ֣δǰ˲䱻ѹˣԶֻ˻ڳ

ס֣
ɴ󼱣Կ̲ס󺰳һĻ㡣
¾ϵĵһ˽ı飬ҧҪѿڤѹȻȴãǿƥǰҲԿ⣬Ѳȥ
ڤ߿գһƬĮʡ
˵գֻбѹһ;
֮ػһʮϽĿ
ڤʥԣתǰ
ȻҲʱʥԣ͵һˡ
ǰϢһ꣬ȻȻ͵Ĵʥӿ


2259 ƹ
һϮۣģʣͬƾԻǰ
ʱ䣬׻С̫˽Ƕݡ
Ǹƹƹˣ
׻̲סڣʦϾƹʱ⼫Σʱ̣Ͼƹ־ϲ
ʦ
ҲȻţ˵ȴû⡣
Сӵʦһ棬ȥȵȵȣϻ쿴Ͼƹͻأɫͱ䣬ͫŵԶˣ⣬Ϣ
⡭
Կ桢ϵʿԪʾԱɫһ緲˼˵ı顣
ͬʱͰǲɵô촽ɵö
࣬Ȼ𿪱ġڤ䣬ĿϾƹϣĮһ̣ɫͱ䣬̲סһ㣬㡭
֮ػһʮʮǿ߼ڤ˱飬¶ɻ֮ɫ
һ̣Щ˿ϾƹͲˣ
ˡ
һ˿ڣ֮ǰɭʧˣȡ֮һƬ־塣
⻰һ׻С̫ɽɫͱ䡣
ˡǡСӵʦ𣿣
׻Ŀ𺳡
ʦ
һľ
ǲֹһ֣ʱ¶ı飬ҪôǾηҪôǼɵΪִ޵УؼǿֻͿ־ĴڣǻĹǰĴڣ뵱Ҳ֪жôƾõ¡
Ȼ֮ػһʮǿߣȻϾƹΪ
Ͼƹʱ˰ʦô
ֻǣţȴҲ֪֮ػһʮǿ߲⿴һ˵֣Щˣܻϴˡ
⡭
һ˲䣬ȫˡ
Ȼ£ʱĿҲǲɵΪ֮
ѹ֣ѹֵһھ͵˼޾ǰʹùĵţȻ㣡ϻ쿴Ͼƹֱۣòôˣǡתˣ
ԱߣϵʿԪʵǿߣĿ𺳡
ʦʦ𣡡
ͰϾƹ΢Ȼò͵һˣǣϾƹɢǵϢǲܻӦʦϢ
СһСҲܿˡ
ϾƹԷ˿ڡ
⻰һ׻С̫ٴαɫ
֮ǰǻôһ˿˿Ļɣôڣûκɻ
Ͼƹ
⣬⡭
Ĺǰ޵дڣȻһֱߡ
ʦ𣡡Ͱ𼤶ѣĿ䵽ʥŵϣеļøŨŷССʦܣ
죬͵ǵСʦһǾеһ;ϣǰ̵ĶԴԼʮֿ̿࣬һȻɹǵСʦתǣΪȫӦ˿ϤϢշ롣
ǣʱǲһ˿һĻˣɸо˿ϤϢǣڿԿ϶죬ǵСʦת
䣡
ʥ԰죬˫ĿһƬ죬ɱ⣬Ұް˻𣬸ʥԹĶڤȥȴѲʥԡ
ʥԹĻϾƹʩӡ
Ͼƹ̧֣̽ʥԹĻڣͷϡ
ӿħ֮ɢȥ˫Ŀָ첻˻𣬽񽣵࣬ʥԹĻڻ˹ȥ
ϾƹºͣȸĿƿڤʮϡ
ҵĵӺܺ۸۸Ǻгɾ͸У
ڤʮˣı鲻ºͣƽĮ
ڤ֮ػһʮʮǿҲ
ӣǣһȫܶˡ
㡭ôڤ֮ǰĮʧӰ٣еĿ־ڵסۻʵ죬ҡ֪ˣСӣǣ𡭡λˣɱǱԸԣ㡭㲻ɱң
طʮʮǿߣɱǣɱңɱңǡƻԸЩꡭ㲻֣ҲΪԭ㲻ɱң
С̫׻ɵ˶סˣһ˲˲ĿʥԹĻе졣
ǡ

µĿŲԶԶĿ졣
Ͱڤ߬֡
ҧһΪʦΪʦΪɱˣӦⲻտԻɣ
֪ǵСʦܺͥŲ֮𣬵ǺЩгȴǺʱ֪ڤ֮һвɵ¶ɱ
ŰĻڤ̲סһϾƹ⻰ɱ
ô룡ʦ͸ĸվ𣬲һ㡭㲻ɱң
ŵ


2260 ̫
ڤ־ֵֿĿϾƹ
Աߣʮʮǿ߸ɫ԰ףʱһ˿Ѫɫ
׻С̫ɿһĻʱɴŶϾƹݵĲţŶݵĲţͬʱҲڵ𺳡
ڤôֲǿ¶Ƕֻ֣ڤƶסȻϾƹֲڤȴܶеֻ־塣
׻ſڣûܹ˵
ʱ˵˵ġϳνʾ˼Ҳӥ仰˼ˡ
ɱң㡭ɱң
ŵٴδڤͷϲס亹еĿ־Ũˡ
ϾƹƽĮڤʮʮǿߣ̫ˡ
ڤ͵һеɲʧɳһ壬תɢһɶͬʱʮʮǿߣ̽壬ɳƮɢ
׻С̫һ
׻ëɵõſڣȴһҲûȫȫǱһĻŵˡ
ֻһ仰ѣȫûпϾƹж֣ȻǸֲڤʮʮǿߣ̼ȫ壬ȫ⾿Ǻεʵ
ȻϻϵʿЩޱȿֲˣҲǲɵö¡
һֱɣˣ
ϵʿС
һɳƮڻǺϾƹ̧ͷԶһ΢⻮
֮⣬һƬޱȹĴ磬ɽӺΰһ̣ϵĿռŤʱҲһ˲ʧ
ͬһʱ䣬ǺڣԿݺһ
֮ػһˣ֪ԼһģܹӦԼصϢһ̣ĸоˣϾƹĿһأȼ绹Ҫ磬˲ˡ
ԶƵķֲ֪ܿǱ¸סˡ
һƬĴ棬Ŀһ˲ǻһ磬ʵ󲻳ȫΪο԰쵽
ϾƹǺϿգĿ±ƽʥ֮ڵ졣
ʥڣ촦ڻУȴʱʱ΢߲񽣵֣ʱɣʱ߬һجΡ
ıԴ䣬ӡƾ𡣡
һϾƹԶһŮӣʥڵ죬Щۡ
ŮһϮȹǳˣһ
ʥŮ
ԪʺоϤϢͬʱڡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ͱ𼤶ѣʦ
ڤѹѾʧʱ˹ȥ
ȻòһˣϢǵʦһģһ
СһСǱǿˣԽ˼
Ů͵
׻С̫ɿһĻ
ʦʥŮ
׻ˡ
һ죬һӿ̫𺳵£˼άˡ
Ͼƹ죬ԼһƬ½ϡ
ʦСʦ
Żе죬첻ʱķǺʹ࣬ɵͬһ¶۵ı顣
Ͱ𣬶δϾƹһʲôڡ
û¡
Ͼƹҡͷʥе죬ƽ͵ԵúºͣҲЩ̾Ϣ
ԶǧѩܿǰĿϡ
Ͼƹ˶٣ʥɢȥһ͵ԡ
֣죬ʱʱ죬͵һ˿ɫ
ܸоںʹ࣬ǴڻУҲڱجĥ

ʱͰ׻С̫һ˹죬жǴŵġ
֮ǰħ죬ʱڻв죬Ƕܡ
ͬһʱ䣬ʱʱʮ򣬵ھڵһĴɽڣһڷǳͨĴУڹϢˣա
ͨĴУƺһɻصĸħϢ
ϾƹǺտʮ򣺡ʶûҪٴˡ
һ΢˫Ŀһš

ʮ򣬵ھ򣬻ɽĹڹʱ𶯣ҡ
úݣ
ž֡ͷŭԹڹд˲ϢʧĹڹûڡ

ǺͰϾƹʦղţ˵ʲô
ûʲô⡣
Ͼƹ
ͰЩɣȴûжʣĿϣСʦܡ
ڻлڷɫǺܺÿ
Ҳʱϻ졢桢ϵʿ˹
ʥŮڳˣòˣ֮ǰȥתˣȻȥתϻ쿪ڣ˶ٺĿϣɵ̾Ϣ벻⻹ǵǸСһΪתɡ


2261 ̹ǵĳ
˷еϻҲͬ˰㣬ɹǾ˵СʦܣСӣǣΪоκϤϢԣǰ뷨ȴ룬Ĳ²⣬ľûд
ڵΪԶԶˣôȫо˿ǰıԴϢ
ԪϾƹٲȻʶ졣
Ϊֻ壬ԴϢıˡϾƹûһ϶˵ʲôԪʣֿϻ졢ϵʿˡ
ûаﵽʲôæҪ˵̫ҵĺֽ쵤á
ҡͷȻ֪ϾƹΪǸϵǵл
л
ϾƹϵʿЦ
𣡵֣˼ƨˣڵлɷ˼𡣡ϵʿ֣죬ϾƹˣǺֽ쵤ҩЧȥ⣬ʵְ֮һڻ
ֽ쵤ĸ÷ǳ󣬺ѻͬǿ߶ϾƹԻ⣬ΪϾƹ
ӡУû첻¡
ѾĨȥˡ
Ͼƹ죬º֮ͣǰʥʱͽֽ쵤ҩЧ͸ȫĨˡ
챻·ţȫϣʱڻУʱ΢
ʦʦҵ
ɿϾƹдŵǣЩ⡣
ʱ򣬿ŴСͶԼޱȳ谮ĸģܡ
ܣٶԡϾƹǴ˵ееȡ
ʱһֻϵԼĸϡ
û¡
ϾƹЦɣŴɫĿº͡
˷ɵͷд۰õģûµġ
۰СӣŮɣȻҲ۰
νݼڣˡ
ǷһЩŻе֣һ˲˲Ŀ졣
ѽ
С̫죬ë׵Ķ΢΢š
ڵʱһֱţһֱΪ֮һֱһ϶ΪҪˣʤδĸףģȻǷǳѹ
׻ԿӵˣʱĿҲϡ
طһʱԵúܰ
һΣʮȥϾƹڣˣ£˭Ҫ𡣡
ţΪɶ
ϻ棬ȻϾƹָǹԼݵ£ݵ£Լݵ¡
ͬʱ׻ҲԴ˺ܲ⡣
ڵûܹѹƳ޵־ǵ¸ܻ̼ʹӱٴλĳޣܲáղţҲˣֻǼһˣʹħʧȥң⣬ıԴ䱻ǳӡ¡
ϧĿ죬ŵĳ̫ˣ±Դ䱻룬ȴҲ˳޵ִһܵش̼ͻᱬûѹƳ޵־ҲûܸʵԣڲҪݵºԼݵ¡
ŵ֮߱㹻ѹƳ޵־ʱӡıԴ䣬лصڣԼһС
ˣĳޣǵȳޣȷʵǡϻ̾ϢŻе죺Щ꣬ĿСһˡ
Ȼ£֪ġ
̫ʦĸ׾ʲôͥԵʲô
֣߬
ѾµˣѾĲµˣԼ׵ĳޣǺͥйأ
׻С̫ӣʱҲǲɵÿ
Ƕô̹ǵĳޣʹ࣬±Դ䱻ӡƾűܣҲܶĳӦħ
£Ҳɵÿ
ԿҲµĳǺͥйأʱɵòɫúܰףһʱ䲻ٿ졣
Ϊ֮ػһǿߣͥһԱԼĳйأԼ֮ػһǰ˺졣
Ҫǰ㣬治֪ôźá
㸸׿ԼȡԴ䣬̫ʦĸٸ㣬֮󣬵㸸Լ㣬ڸǵ£̫áɵ˶ٺһԵԿõģ£޹ء
Ϊ֮ޣʥŮֶͨԶǳܴȣȻ֪Կ֮ػһǿߣµĸףǣʱԿķӦҲȻ֪Կڵĺͺʲô
Կԣ˲ͷǼͷһʯжˣǴؿһȦܲµʱʲôһҲ⡣
ллллл
л
ĳ޺ûйϵ˺£֪£һ˲ظԼһþ˻Ҫ
ʱ䣬һȥһʱֱúܰ
ɴڻУʶĿϡ
·û˵ʲôֻǳᡣ
һΣʮȥ
ˡ
Ͼƹ죬ʱ򿪿ڡ


2262 Ҹ
ʦ̫ʦĸҪ𣿡
Ŵڻе֣ϾƹҪ뿪ɵÿʵ
Ͼƹͷõ㸸ףֻʱ˯ѣ¾ͻѹ
ԣҪ˶ãټġɵͰ𣺡СһСߡ
ͰЩɣе죺ʦ롭
Ȼ֪ʱߣǰһֱͶСʦܺ۰
֪Сʮ֮ĹģٻЩӰ졣֮󣬵ȡرԴ䣬
˵
Ͱ˶٣֪Ŀģ죬˵ͷ
֪ʦ
˵վϾƹ
Ͼƹվһº͵Ŀ졣
һ۰ӣֻغ󣬻ϳǡ
ʦ̫ʦĸټ
֪ϾƹҪ뿪˿һϵԼĸϣԼĸףȴǻָԵùɶò
Ц££ǼСʮ鷳չˡ
š
·죬ͷ
΢ЦĿϣ漴ٴο£ӵ㣬СʮֻغҸΪ㣬ΪǣһȻǲ֣Ҳɹ
Ͼƹûпڣʼº͵Ŀ죬˶ٺ󣬴ͰϢʧ
һʱ䣬ط˲䰲˺ܶࡣ
ϻ쿴죬̾Ϣ˶ٿڣûˣȫˣô˼Ҳˡ
аɣϵҲˡ
ϵʿ
һ𡣡
滰࣬ǳࡣ
Ԫû˵ʲôǴ뿪
ĴǿվһĿ죬ҲϢʧ
طʱøӰֻʣ¡ɡС̫׻ԿӣԼϴڻе졣
һ磬Ʈš
·Żе죬û˵ʲôԵ÷ǳĿ͡
ȴǴƽռûеɫ
ףǻطɡ

ǺһſŲƵĴƮţУʱ򻹼д֮ǰսŵĻϢһƬ
µͷ죬Ǻȥ
ɡ׻С̫ԿӶ˶٣ҲǸȥ
úһѰһƬͨ磬ûʲộȴɽ㣬ŨҲϡ
Ƭ磬һһɹȣһȽϿտƽ̹λͣ
вٻݹľ¿һľͷԼϣûеЩ
ܰû˵ʲôֻǵͷĿ죬ȴ
ɡ׻С̫һߣҲܰ
ԿӸˣվλҪԶһЩʱ죬ʱ¡
Ȼעõ˵ȶҲ֪˺һҵĹϵſڣ˵ʲôԼ˵ʲôȴûпڡ
Աߣ׻С̫Ҳһ㡣
ʼպܰĿ죬ܱߵһȫˣһֻϵϡ
ʱ䣬һš
촦ڻУʱʱڲϱجĥ
ˣһۣ¹ȥ
ºһ죬ˣƤ£һ˫ۡ
ӳһϤһž
¡

š
Ӧǵͷ͡

Сӣˣˣ
ѽ
ɡ׻С̫æΧһӶǱ÷˺ܶࡣ
ԿҲ첽˹һ˿ϲɫ֮ǰһЩȴûͣھºλϡ
оͷЩַۣ֣Լ˿ϡ
ôˣܣЩɻ󣺡ô֮ػһЩϣս
ʱоͷ­ģֻǵ֮ǰڻǺսͻȻһܿµˣ֮£벻ˡ
սѾˡʦˣĨˡ
ϼһ
졣
š
µͷ
ôһӡҲûУüֵôˣ
ϾƹĨɱǺеˣһҲ⣬ʦ콾ֻɻΪʲôԼûϾƹֵӡԼôԵģ
ֽ쵤ҩЧˣ˹ȥʦԺ֡

ϲ˵ѣԸ񣬵ȴ֪ڵĻԣǺõġ
죬ᡣ
ǿϧˣûܿϼһʵ첢ûж룬ЦʵϼһʵΣ


2263 ĸ
ǿؼ䣬û֮ȡ
ԶݣǼǵ֮ǰչֳʵǿ֮ػһǿ棬˲䱻»ɱˣǿ£ȴȻʦôߵۡ
ϼһѾôǿˣؼû֮ȣ˶٣ǲЩˣ٣˵еǸӦòǸϼһɣ
¶˶΢˶٣ҼУûʦȡ
Աߣɡ׻С̫ſڣնû˵ʲô
飿ʲô˼
쿴ǣʱܾǿԼıԵúǹŹ֡
ûʲôĵ
ɵ
ԶԶԣûʲô
ѽ
׻С̫Ҳ̿ڣЩ£֪
𣿡쿴ǣôоң
ûе£ˣôأûУҡҡ㻹ŮŮԵˡ
ԼıŮʱʲôҲˣЦɵԴţš

˵ϣ§Ĳӣ䰡ģ
ô˻ô
ϵЦȴǸŨ˼֡
ܹȥãڵǰŮûĺӣǱ
ɵ
΢㶣漴ɵһЦô˵ȷʵû£ֿ§ԼɣЦŵҺʵҲô롣
ŮܳɳʲôزڵĸĿСӣԶǺӡ
⣬Կվһ𣬼ǷʱĻĿⶼǲɵŲŹľԵ¡
ԱߣȻоĵ˵Ŀ⣬̧ͷȥֻ˻ͬһ㣬ʱдԵļĿȴЩ
ǣ㶯֮ľ룬֪Ǻ£ûϡ
𣬿Կӣ˶٣µ£ĸ׺㸸ס
ʵ֪Ѿ֪£֮ǰ֮ػһЩʮǿߣѾ͸¶˳ֻǣ˫񶼲ϣʱȻÿڣǴ֡

ڣԿΪνߵ£˵һ£ͬʱҲ򵥽ӵ¡
¿ԿӣѾ֪Լĸʱ׿ĿȴǲɵŲ
Կӿ£ʱЩ΢Ҫ˵ʲôȴ֪ôڣǰŮĵΡ
Կˡδ¾Ρ֮⣬ΪȾѪȣԼûʸµĸס
׻С̫Ա߾Ŀţûпڡ
طһʱ൱İ΢
ţ⹫
ɿ죬ͻȻԿԣԿ֣غԵ÷ɡ
΢гĴָŮգţȶ㿪ڣĳĬͽӲΧԻԸơ
ʵϣԤϵûдԿԱߣɿڽ⹫ĬͽӲķΧת۱ǿʼͣԿɣǼǸˣҲˡ
ķΧԽԽãԿӣǰ
ֻǾսԿӣвȴû˵κλ
ԭͲóЩڴȴ֪οڣ֪ȥӦԡ
ޡ¡
Կǰڣµ֡
ȻûжҲûʲô̫ı仯ȴǡš
ᣬᵽֻǣԿΪǿ˿ȫֶǷϣȻˣ˵
ǣһϿɰɣ
һ¾ӿ˳̵ͬĺˮ
Բ𣡶Բ𣡶Բ𣡡
һ̣֮ػһǿ߷ޣϵµǸ
û˵ʲôУȴҲ¡
վһߣһĻɵ΢Ц
¼䣬峤ǵ޲⣬ĸĸԼӳһ̿ʼһֱںߣĸĸ뽫ԼĺûԭĸĸĻԸ⽫ųĹԼߣ
Կӣõ˵飬Կ׷ɱΪ˲òųܵ˺ֽŸճߣۿԼĹȥǺεȵʹࣿ
ϣΪ˸еˣͬʱҲΪ¸ˡ
һֱôԼĸĸףʱ򣬱Ҳû̫ı仯֪һǺܸ˵ġ
ôǣ˶٣ɵ뵽Լ
Щ꣬ͬһ㣬ôȥԼĸĸ⣬ʱ򣬼ºĸطϣд뵽¡
Լ˼񵽣ڹ¶ԺԼĸ
ѾΪ˰ɡ
Գ뵽Ͼڵ򳤴ＸͨˣԼĸĸҲֻǷˡ
ˣ̫ãȥô꣬Ѿǲˡ


2264 ݻغ
ôˣ
ע⵽ıЩ̲סʵ
عûʲô׺⹫ϣ׸ˡ
Ůôʲô£
ɹŹֵ
Ȼǣ׸ˡ
Цıӡ
һ죬º͸ĸϣԿ£ϵĵǸ˵ܶ໰ҲһߣԿԻ࣬ȴҲʱʱڡ
»϶Կ˵ܰʱʱ졣
ȻǿڵǰȴֻСϱ⹫ˣһֱŵһĹڵϡ
ЦĵȤԼס
캹գԼŮйƤġ
֪ǹģֻΪطķΧøů
ʱ䣬һȥһ˾طһۣչȥ
ˣ߰ɣ뿪ط
һ죬
յʱº͸ĸķΧ࣬û̫ı仯ԸĸɺԿӵı仯Ƿǳ֮󣬾յʱ䣬û˵֡Ϊζ¡
ͬʱյʱҲ֪ӵ֣飬Ǻݷǳֻ־ܸоǸ
ңһ㣬Ϊ֮ǰ˲׵Ľǿ˺ܶࡣ
ƣ񣬴Լʵκαתֻضȣɱ֮ػһʮǿߡ
һпʿȻҪսнҵսڼʵķǳ
һΪǿȶܿ죬ܿƬڿ˳ȥ
ࣿ
ն
ԶƿһȺʥ콫ǡɿˣֱӱǿ˹Į˶֣Ƭɱѹһˡ
᣿£ҪɱѹʽȥԵõͣ
ЩΪߣֻ֪壬ԿʮҲԿ֮ػһĳԱʱֻܿС̫ΪѪС̫оâտտͬǿ˿ɿڵ㡣

׻Ʋ졣
һȺʥȻ㳯һ˶֡
û˵ʲôεƵֱӽȺ콫ѹ
һ⡣Щ콫΢ֹ֮ǰǰ˵߳ҵ£ػ䣬Ǹʱƽռһƿľʱ
˵Ƭ棬δٵ߳ɣڻغ棬ǺһڹȫǸʱϣ򡣶ң֮ԼȥͥռƿҲм׵á
ͥʵޱȿֲһͽǺ棬֮ǰץסһеĻᣬߵ˶ǿ
׻˫۶ʱ΢ǳ
ͷ£Լֱ֣ط˺ѿһ޴Ŀռѷ졣
ŻΪѾﵽԻɱ֮ػһʮǿߵĳ̶ȣҪ˺ŻȻʲô¡
ߣ
һֱӿŻУɲʧ
ŻһƬڣһ˽ڣҲ֪˶ãǰһɴӿ֣һ
ȥܣһſǳƣǴǿУɫǹ͡
棬ˡ
ΪŻյ㲻֪ܳλǺ棬ңǿգѾǱٵĲˣǿ
ȥʮǣӵǣŶ̽Ѱͷǵټ
˵ʥӿҪǰʮ򣬲ȴסˡ
ȱ𼱡ɵҺױǿеʱͼλСŶ̺͹ùǣĹǿܻ

쿴¡
š

ǵͷУȥĹ
ΪҪҵȻܼ򵥣һμǴɵ˽ڣĹֱУܿĹгԶ
ǰһ΢СʱռеʱԺܴһ֡һգһꡱĸоһ۾Ϳеļꡢ桢ѩҹϾŶ˵ˡ
ͬʱȻҲµˣһϲ
죬½㣬ɶ
һֱӴʱռ̤˳һӾ˽ǰ
½㣬ɶû°ɣ
ʵ˵뼺ôЩ꣬Ѿͨڡ
ѩҹҲǰºɡ
Ȼµǰʵ֮ǰºɱǿʱҲû̫ģʱºɣȴ̲סʵ
һʱ䣬췴ʱһԡ
û¡
Ц
ţû¾͡˵ţͻȻһͣһеԿӶʱԲˣ⣬ǡ
ͬʱϾʱҲǿԿһҲŶݡ
ǾȻһ³һģһˣңϢǰ
ĸףԱߵģס
ʱڣϾ˽ͣ򵥽Կ飬ͬʱҲ򵥽ʮԵɡ
ԭ
ĸá
˽֮Կ
Կǿ󣬲żˣȴǷǳ
һ˼򵥽Щ쿪ڣ뿪
ĸ˵ڵ˼ҵĹ
ͻȻĻﱻϣһߵĹ


2265 
춯ݣͻأԹĹ̫Ϥˡ
ȸоһ˲䣬һߴӹĹתۼǰ˺ȵȺ³ĸ֣ߺĻֹסˣۿһˣǣ
ͬʱҲǶݣ׻С̫Ҳۣ¶΢
ô
쿴ǰˣˣɲǸϻ
Ĺϻ죿ϼһﲻǺúû
ϻָ죬ӵֱۣ£˼ǰһ̻ȥԵУȻûг֣˼չ黹ȥ˵İɣСӵǿԣž˼ҵĹˣôģ
棬ǰڻԵʵǿһأͻȻӦ쳣˺Żϻȴ룬쳣Ȼˡ
죺
ʱ൱ķҲû뵽ﾹȻϻĹ
ϻǰȷʵȥˣһֱھĹȻϻġ
ޱȵΡ
ⲻǻĺúõ𣬸ö˶˵ĸԼһĹҲӻ
ε
˼ϲ˼⣬ܵ㣡ϻһ߷Ȼģ˶ƺ뵽Щʲô죬ɵ̾Ϣ£ЩĹ⣬ˣ˼ǳƽϣĹʲôôôģֻҪȥ˼ҵʬС
ϻʱЩֱ֣ܿϻĻȥעʬһĹŹ֣´ϻ죬̲סϻ죺úõĻţҲУȴʬ
ѽ
ͷʲô
С̫Ͱ׻ҲڣϻĻȫǲ⣬һˡ
ܣȥУסˣȥ˭ȥ˼Ҹ˭˼ˣأ
ϻһģȥһ۱ʧˡ
Ŀϻ죬ȫˡ
ϻĺúõģȴһĹʬȫ벻ס
⡭
׻С̫Ҳ΢㶣Ҳ⡣
ԿȳǿߣҲǴЩ⡣
죬ǡ
䣬
̽ѰĹѾܾˣ˲ٺôС͵ʱռЩ꣬ΪĹΪ˺ܶ࣬ȴ룬һȻĹˣǻŵĹǾ÷˼ҪǣԷȻʶ
һˡ˶ֿڣˣȻ󣬱ȥˡ
طĹϻȻúɻ󣬲ʱʱȥ룬򵥽ǽ£ʹü˽𺳡
Ŷ°ͷǵټ֮ȥѰأһǰ档
Ŷ
ţã
ŶͷæᵽĹµľȣʼ֮ݰƵ˵ټ
ΪĹĹջ˺ܶ࣬ΪѾײΣ֮Ϊ壬ʩչ֮ܿǾ׼ݳ˰Ƶ˵ټڡ
ãȥͥңС̫ʹȥǣӵ֮һȥ档
ŮҲȥ
ɵ
У߰ɡ
Ц
һ죬´ż˻ڵͥɡ׻С̫ŶĹڰ˵ľ׼ټһѰȥ
ˣһۣչȥ
յʱ䣬ǿΪŶṩİ˵ľ׼ټʱｫơӢۡ桢ͺȹȫҵҶͯСҳƺǰͥµػսѩҲһѰء
СӣΪֱֱǡʱټϤΪӲûɳ۲סϷүЩڵʽΪǰЩӴﵽײΣմմϲţû뵽СӶͨ쾳ڿԶˡ
ͷӢ۵ˣҲ֪ΪͬĿ𾪡
㵹Ĳ

壬һֱΪţҲܿ̿࣬ȴҲǲײΣڵ죬ʵڲ̫Զˡ
ǵõʱΪ߳˲٣ȴ룬ȴѾǲ̫̫ࡣ
һЦ°أͬʱҲˣǺܿ׷
ԱߣƿڣĿĸпֻôЩ꣬ͳԽҵȣǡ
뵱һμʱ컹δﵽ۾ΪȴѾԽˡ
վԣоľж£ѹ
죡
Ҳڣ򵥵֣ڵ𺳡


2266 Ҵʮ
һٶʱ䣬ֻһٶѣѾﵽͨ쾳ͨ쾳Ѿ߳˺Զʹƺ𺳣ȫȫԽǡ
λǰˣֻЩȽϺöѣ˲ٵĻԵ
ȻʵѾԶԶƺ棬ȴǳǫѷǰ̬ŵĺܵ͡
ǣ磬Լֻʱ¶ǿʱΣյǰ
ǫ飬Ҳʵһ֡
ô
Цź潻̸ͬʱҲڣԼͥһЩ£һ𽲸һ
ƿص򣿡
˫۷Ź⡣
˵һƿصǣҪƽռ
ô
ҲǴ£
ĵĦȭƣһģǿǷǳǿһƿصսᷢ췭ظı仯
ͬʱһҲΪȴĴڶΪͥʵ룬ƬһڵľŸ棬ѾƬ汻ͥ٣Ƭ棬ĺ滹ãһƬ棬ȴҲڱ֮С
ȻԶԣƺ沢ôȣھƬ£˶֪ͥʵҲ˽һЩϾһʹͨ쾳磬磬֪£Ȼ١
յսĺ棬֮ǰǵþȫʵ

һ죬йȫ룬ͥһЩ¼Դһֱͥ˺Żһ˴Ӻ뿪̤ͨ
úǴпʵʵϣһƬ֮С
ȥƬɽͲ٣Ũ

ҽǰƮŨŨѪζԶһɽУʮͥ콫ڶ֣ɱʿ
ʿϣܴȻͥʮ콫ȴǸΪǿᣬʿ̫ˣʿҲûзһһնɱѪˮʱķɽ
⡭
˿һĻ֮ǰѾ֪ͥд£ʱȴǲɵΪ֮ݡ
Ϊطǲֻǿǰɽͥ콫ɱʿԶĵطҲܹоĵ
Ǹо磬˿̶ڲɱ֮С
ԶɽڣʿһһѣܿǱʮͥ콫ȫĨɱ棬ѪˮȾһƬһƬ
ţﻹˡ
٣
ն
ʮ콫ʥ˼Ϊʱ򿴵һˣϴűп֮ɫֱɱ˹
쳯ʮɨۣεƵֱӽһ
汻߳ңػ𶯣Ǹʱľʱ񣬾汻ٵ߳ɴŻкܳһʱ䣬ȥ磬ͥռƿǵü󡣡
˵
һˣɡ¡ꡢ桢ѩҹŶϦϾ顢¡СͿɡҶͯѩǡС̫׻桢ӢۡơԿ顢ƺ棬ܹʮˡ
У¡桢Կ顢ƺ涼Ѿͨ쾳Σʱûʲô̫󣬶ˣΪǴʥȽ׶Σǵ÷ǳ󣬿԰ǼΪ硣
£һ̤Ƭֱӽλϵͥ콫ȫĨɱ÷ڴ˵صռƿȡС
ͥռƿֱǡ
Ƶۣʥ۷ΣȡƿӦɵΪ֮ľһʱ˫ĿŹ⡣
һƿоֱüС̨ס
ԱߣͷӢ۵ҲΪ֮ݡ
ڵ

˵⻰Щͳ
ЩͥɱƬռ޾Ѫ޾ʹһ£Щء
ȻأҲǽˣЩǲãͥȥãӶʹͥ׳󣬽ѵ˻ࡣˣ佫Щͥãͥʵ׳飬ȻǽЩʹøá
˶٣ȥǵȲε硣
磬ǵȲΣǵڣͥƿռǳ࣬ͥǿߣҲǵȲεĴУǼȥǵᵽҲԸĨɱͥĲбʿ
£һ뿪Ƭ磬֮󣬽һƬһƬļ磬Ĩɱһһͥǿߣһһʢװлƿ
ˣһۣʮʱȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʮһ죬һƬڵһϿУһһǿʢϢ


2267 
ǿʢϢӿĲ񷶼Ϊ֮΢Ρ
ͻͻˣүҲͨ쾳ˣ
׻ĺдڵ˷ܡ
ʮ䣬Ĵ£ԡͥᵽꡢС̫׻ͷӢ۵˵Ϊһٴͻƴƿ
УС̫Ͱ׻ԭΣһ죬ͬʱͻƵͨ쾳硣
ɵΪһʼʹͷھǰǴﵽͨ켶߶ȡ
ꡢѩҹϾͰˣǶﵽ쾳۷Ρ
ʮ䣬һջ񳬷
΢Цʮ䣬ΪûȴǸˣսǿ˲٣ңԼڲϲԽԽ͸
ãʲôѾ̫ʱˣһǵʵսԻһԾʽ
ʱżˣʮ䣬ǵΪһδδֻһ˿̤ܶͨΣˡ
ȥһЩͿɡ
ż˿ڵͻأ仰һͣĿƬ֮⡣
ôˣ
ɼʵ
ͬʱҲ
оϤϢ

Ƭ⣬е㾫â֯о˽Ϣ
Ȼֻһ˲䣬ǣȷʵоˡ
ңʶе񽣣ڸղ΢һ¡
ƬĲԶĳһλϣнƬĴڣ
ʲôϤϢ
ѩҹʵ
ʱô꣬ѩҹﵽ쾡ͷħǴɣܴӱ濴ȥʵսȴǷǳ£ٻؼƮŵ޾սս
ǱϢ

⻰һطһ˶Ƕݣָ֪Ǳ߲񽣡
оµĽƬ
ʵ
Ϊĵʽĥ£ѪѾױۼȻȻ֯ɫʣȻȻɢϢŨͬһʥ顣
Ӧû
ͷ
ĸо£һ뿪Ƭ磬ѭ֮ǰĸӦзУԶȥ
һʮˣΪ쾡ͷٶȻǺܿ죬֮󣬴ԼʱʱȥһƬǳΰĴǰļҪǧ֮ࡣ
档

ΪǿȻ֮ǰֻһ˲ĸоǵȸоȴǱεļסˣסϢԴͷ꣬ǵ꣬Ƭΰڡ
£ûͣһˣֱ˺ϣ뵽Ƭ֮ڡ
ת۶ѣ̤뵽Ƭ磬ʵʵϡ
һ˲䣬ʮ붯ݣȻ£Ҳ΢һЩ
⡭
ȥƬڣضǲʬضѪˮԿѵɽԿݵĽԿƵĴеѪζ̱ǵ㡣
ٲȻһ֮
յģ̣
̲סĥ
Ҳأ˵һĻĻ˶õͥΪ
Щ꣬ѾܶͥɱƬǧĳȴǵһοͬĻ棬ĿضʬѪˮ̫пˡ
ܳдź⡣
Ƭ޹أеЩҲ޹أʱ򣬼һɽ٣űصĲʬѪˮſд̱ǵѪζȴǲɵøоЩ΢΢¡
Ҳʱ򣬺һƬһ߲ʹ貶ңնȾһ߲ɫ
ʱ䣬һ˶Ƕݣ֮ǰȻѾ֪ط߲񽣵ĽƬڣʱ򿴵߲ȫһĹâϢҲȫһһ˻ǲɵ¶ɫ
ߣ
н֯貾âһƽ΢Щµкһˣֱӳ߲ʹĵطȥ
ٶȺܿ죬;˺ƶֻʮƬ
ȥǰһƬɫɽ߲ʹɽĴĵص³ʮӰڴ˵أںʩҪӵص½ɢ߲Ķг
ʮˣԲеѪâɢϢΪƣԺܾˡ
ܱȵ֮ػһʮǿߣ
׻ݡ
ȻҲЩ˵ʵȴû⣬ֱӳǰɽȥ
ɽеĵص£ɢ߲ĶԾǽƬý֮ȡ
ʵ֮ػһʮǿߵʿǺ⡣
ţƬ绹ڣӦѾҵĨ˲ŶԣЩսûнƬĨɾ
ʮȻǷһˡ
УΪ׵һ˿ųȥ죬¶һ˿⣬˫۶ɵ΢΢ԵЩа龳Ȼҵȴͬһ߶ȡ


2268 ֮ͨ
쳯ʮȥ˿ڣĿ΢Ųɵͣ
Ƭڵ飬ԭЩɱ
ˣҲͥ
ͬʱݵǣʮΪᵽġ龳֡
֮ͨǰûΣôʣ֮ͨľ硣
Щˣ֪ͨľ绮֣
ͬһʱ䣬ɡꡢŶҲʱ뵽˺һ£ҲǲɵöΪ֮ݡ
ʲôˣ
쿪ڡ
²Щ˵ͥȥȴ־Բͨͥʿ
Щ˵УܹоһɰһַԹİ
Ȱ֮ػһЩˣҪŨϼ֡
㲻ǿʸ֪ҵȡʮУΪ׵˿ڣΪһˣһϮɫۣĮȻˣûбҪ֪
˵ţ˶֣Ѫâ֯һѪɫӡƺƵץ죬ңºɵҲһС
Աߣʮ˵Įɨˣעڵص֮£ʩԻȡصɢ߲ĽƬ·Ѿֻʬ塣
¡
̽Ѫɫӡתۼѹ䵽ǰ
ѪɫӡǳˣѪâһֿµʴĥһУʹͨ쾳ƺ涼ɵΪ֮ɫĸоһв
ӵĮ̧֣һץסѪɫӡ۵һķ顣
ʱơͰ˶ǲɵöݡ
ղŵѪɫӡǿɶܸож£ֻನвȻȴȻ׼ͱˡ
Сӣսǲ֪жǿˣ

ͬʱ棬ֵɫ΢б仯ԱߣʮҲΪ֮ݣ½Ŀϡ
ǸоΪͬһ߶ȣǣǵѪǷǳ˵ģںͬһ߶ȵ£ͨ˾ԵסһŶԣ֮еһ˶ּһͨȴȻһ˲䱻ˡ
Ϊ׵꿴죬иâС
ৣ
ƿյ𣬴˵Ļֱӳ˽ǰ
͵һ㡭
飡
ֱ̧֣һȭ˸ʹ˵ȳڵѪˮ̲סһƺߡ

Աߣʮ¶ݺͺ⣬һʱ֣֯Ϊ˵ѹͬʱɱâѹ¡
Щһ֣ǵƣǳˣطռ䶼Ų
ܹĸоЩ˵ǿʱһ֣оЩѹ
ĸоǵѪϢǳ񣬾ͨѪһһ
ˣ
ӭʮһֱ֣ӳɵ磬ҽֻͼҲһֱչ־ųɵս
ɵӺԭʼϢֻ֯ʥѹ֮ߺһ𣬵һʱ佫ʮѹɱâ飬ʮͬʱɣдƬѪˮ֮ϡ
ʱû׷ʮˣֱֻͼ罫ǰѹԴʶֱ̽˵ʶѰ֪¡
䱾ԴʶڶԷʶУɿζѰһһڵϢ
ȥ
ռ𶯣ŭһȦǿʢʥӿʶ˳ȥӴֻͼѹ˳ȥ
ʹ춯ݣΪԴֻͼѹѾչ˾ųɵʵǣȴȻܽıԴʶѳֻͼ˫ѹܾˡ
ܿ죬ظƽȻʶ˳ǣʱҪ֪£ѾǴӶԷʶѰ
ʮˣȷʵͥݼߣ
ңȷʵ֪֮ͨľ绮֣ǵȲλ֣ҲѾѰ
Ķ
ѳȥ죬Ŀŭɱâ
Ȼһͬεѹһʱ䣬ʶŭɶоܵĪ衣
Ҫ
ɭĪɱ⣬ѪâͻأɢɷֲǼ򵥵ɷƺʴһеһݻһͷѪɫĿޡ
аɶߣȫѪâ۶ɣĿĿʼһ۶Ƿֱӳɱȥ
Ȼһڷǳ˵ͨ
֮Ƭֱӱ𣬵涼ŷ³ҡ
Ȼ棬Ϊˡ
Դˣıû˿仯Ƿǳ򵥣ֱһֻȭ
˵һĺʥı죬һɫȭȭ˼ֱӽѪɫ޺飬۵һᴩƬѪˮ


2269 
ѪˮϣĿģǱĺԶ
ԷǿһɲǱסΣؿתۼָ
࣡
죬еĺŨˣɱӿ
ͬʱವƿ֮ǰɵʮȫϻء
ʮˣͬ㣬жʱ¶˴̹ǵɱ⡣
ǣһһ˲ˣ
ͼ壡ðҵȣ
ң
ʮˣѪâŨʹÿʴ͵졣
һʱ䣬طԲǧڵĿռȫˣޱȳء
⡭
ԶӢ۵˲ɵýļ£ǱʮɢϢסˣȻƺһͨ켶ǿߣҲɵ΢£ΪϢ
һˣսе⣬Ҳº丸ĸûκεı仯
˿ɱ
꿪ڣʮҪǿܶ࣬ʱ򱬷ѪâһͷŵѪ޳˷ӡ㣬ˡ
쿴꣬ɨʮˣԵúƽһϡ⣬ɫʥ˿˿ƵĽ֯ʮڣǡ
⻰һĿʱøɭʮˣеɱøŨ
̵Ķ죺ſĶΪҵһΣҵȿ
ﬣ
̶죬ֱӴ˵Ļ
ʱˣֱӼ۷ս֮߶ֻؽ
һ̣â˲ǰֲָն¡
˽٣˽ʹʱ󾪣㡭
ۣ
ѪˮŽ콣ָ£ɫâ󱬷նķ飬ͬҲһ
ʱ䣬ʮɫ䣬ǿ˰ȴȻ˲ɱˣ
һ˿ڣĿ𺳣Ĳţôɡ
ﬣ
죬̶ǳâǰֻؽչָն¡
۵һӦδ˲Ǳ飬Ҳһ
ʮ̲סˡ
ģһ˾ŭһ㣡һ𡭡
ﬣ
죬˵Ļ
֣һֱչֻؾŽֻͨضжʮսӣŵâɶ
ۣŵѪըо˸ԱһֻؽâУ˲飬
㣬㡭
ʮˣʱʣˣеĺͰʱֱʧˣо֮ɫ
Ҳû뵽һ࣬Ǿ˲䱻նʮһˣ
ߣ
һ˿ڣЩֱ˺գС
ͬʱҲ˲ûС
תʮһ˱ɱһ̣ǱսŵˣսԲǿԵֵ˿־塣
̧ͷվԭδ˫У̸ֺһۣĮɨǰա
ؼ䣬翵˶ʱӿƺƵӿǰڡ

ҽҼԵľ֣ǸطΪ֮ѿѪ˲䱻˸

˫Уֺ˲ʧ»ָ
ʱô꣬ΪȻ˵ʱۣȴҪ˺ܶ࣬ңĸҲԶԶûǰء
Сӣսǡ
ƵۣʱչֳսŵĶ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ͷӢ۵ҲľƺҲ⡣
ǿܹĸо˵ĿֲȴȻôݵʱȫĨɱˣսʵǿֲһۣһ˾궼ɵ÷
Ǹˣ
ϾЦĵ
ǵҲڣʱ˹ȥĸ첲˫ģ˫ۺ˧
ݸԱŮǲܾٴ˫ϣ̸ֺ֣һƵһ𣬻ȻɣĪ⡣
ϣεȻȻƶƣͬԵҲһƣʹװ㣬ʥϡ
˧Ư
ɱĸ첲һ˲˲Ķ˫ۣ۾øˡ
ơͰҲʱ˫ۣǸĿâ
ȻѾǲֹһΣٴμѹסĵ׵𺳡
׻
˵ˣ⵽ʲôأ
Ͼǰʵôȥûʲôı仯ɻͬһʮһСŮ㣬ȥľ顣
ѽѽʲôۣ
Ҳ˹ȥ
ΪתȥôЩѾǰĵ̤뵽ͨ쾳߶ȣԵøƯˣʱƯϣ۾һգһգģĿĿ˫ۡ
ԱߣԣҲǲɵÿ졣
ǲǵһμ˫ۣ˫۵ıʣȴǲ


2270 Ȫһ
ӭһ˵ǲ۵¼򵥵Ľһ¡
ۣܼԦˣǡ
Ͱ˸Ϊ𺳡
ģǳʱֻۡ۲Ϊ˵еǿͫ
ɴССĽԼĸףƿǿ֮ͫһء
⻰һͷӢ۵ˣ̲סԾ
ʱۺֻۣ
Ƶۣһ֪£ӢۺͺһˣҲǶΪ֮ȡ
ԱߣڣѾɣȻȻ֯һ֮ЩŹֵĿ죺˵ֻ壬˵Ӧƿֻۣ
ȷʵΪβֻۣۣ
ҲڣԻΪΪԼȡﵽ쾡ͷȻȻ֯ŵһɺ嫵
ֳˣ񡭡ЩŹء
Ҳ棬ͽϾһ졣
Щ֡
Ҳ졣
ôȥΪﵽ쾡ͷɢľΪˣͨ岻ֺͬһʵʥƺһն
ԱߣҲ죬ԿǿҲ⣬˵Ϊֻ壬ʥ֮ͫУ˵ҪƿأƿصģȷʵӦֻ۲ŶԣȻƿصȴۡ
ôңҲ֪
̯֣⣬ԼҲվûܹס
˵ţ΢ʧ˫ۻָƽʱģ
˫Ȼĸûǰǰ󣬵ȴҲǷǳķʥġ
һ⻰Щ죬ȻԼ֪
Ȳ쵹Ҳǲûгãת۱ɢȥˡ
ˣղѰ˵ʶ֪ʲôˣЩʲôˣƿڣ֮ǰᵽĻ龳֮ͨĲλ֣
ô˵Աߣ˶ǲɵÿ죬Ȼ¶⡣
˶֪ͨиߵĲΣĲλȴ֪
鵽ˡ
ͷ
Ѱʶ֪ʮ˵ԻȪһ塣
һ壬֮ͥһ֮ػһ廹Ҫǿܶ౶
ͨľ磬ҲȷȷʵʵʶѰˣͨڣֱͨ쾳龳̫龳ת꾳ڵֱ侳Ԫ쾳
Уͨ쾳һʿΪ󾳽粢ûСεĻ֣Ȼʵȴˣͨ󾳽磬ŸС̨ףΪ죬Ҳͨű䡣
֮Ļ龳̫龳ת꾳ڵֱ侳Ԫ쾳Ƕֳڡں۷Ρ
Щǿߣ˸ϸµĻ֣ǣͨһصͨأΪͥǵʵͨصͨأΪ֮ͥػһʮǵʵͨصͨھΪ֮ػһʮǵʵ
龳Ӧ֮ػһʮǿߡ
̫龳Ӧ֮ػһʮǿߣҲǿߵĲΡ
ת꾳Ӧ֮ػһĴǵȲΡ
֮ڵֱ侳Ԫ쾳УǲЩ˴Ρ
֪ģֻһ㣬ǱǣǺļ磬ǳֲ
˼£ϸĺһ˽һ
ʱһ˸ǲɵöݡ
ͨ쾳ԭΪ죬ͨű䣿׻ľ֮󣬻龳̫龳ת꾳ڵֱ侳Ԫ쾳
ԱߣҲǽΪ֮ݡ
ɸľ绮֣Ӧһ¼ںͨء
ᱲͨء
һ
ƺ̿ڡ
ϹŶǲɵþúգǻһͣΪ쳬Խ˲˵ŮԽǡ
Ӧ¼Ϊͨڶء
׻С̫Ҳ̸ӦԼΪС̫Ͱ׻ͨһءԿ鴦̫龳۷壬ѩҹꡢϦСꡢҶͯϾ顢¡ͷӢ۵˶ͨ£ǲҪӦ
ʲôΣ

ڡ˵ţ£Ӧµľ񣺡תڣ
š
Ӧ

첻ɵЦ
һͨͨľ绮̸˲٣䵽֮ǰʮϡ
Ȫһ壬֣Щ˵ĸо
ĵ
ˣʵҲܿ¡һ壬ƺֱ侳ǿ򡣡
ֱ侳׻һ֮ػһɿֲˣ
֮ػһ壬ǿҲת꣬һʱŸոͻƵת꾳ɻȪһ壬ȴֱ侳
ϣ֮߳ػһ̫ˣ
ȷʵһºܶࡣͷԿ˶٣ŵӸղǸȪʿʶе֪֮ػһ壬ƺٵˣĴ綼ʧһɶԭƬĴ֮ػһִƣһ֮ɻȪһ֣ԣǲ˻Ȫһ塣
˵⻰ʵЩ𺳣֮ػһ壬ȻȪһǰǿ󣬵ϾǿߣĴ磬Ǳ鲼˵ʥǰǿһ壬Ǳ˭ٵģȻ綼Ĩһɶ


2271 غ
ʲôĻ׻𺳣֮ػһ壬׻ˣĴ磬Ĩˣ
ۿ֮ػһʮʮǿ߱Ͼƹ˲Ĩɱ֪һʧأȴ֪һ羹ʧˣǿǳˣ
ԿĻ죬ſ˵ʲôûпڡ
֮ػһǿߣ֪֮ػһǱϾƹĨһУֻһ֪֮ǰûн¸߰׻ˣ¶ߣΪûʲôҪ
ʱЩɻϾƹģȴǵĻһЩҪӰ죬ԣѾ˿ڱߵĻվǱ˻ȥ
֮ػһ屻׵Ļǲδʲôѹ꣬ΪȺ̫£̫๱ףǷȺκζڣȴɱһΣҪɱŮŮ񣬴ĵѾն˺һĹϵ
ǰ֪ʲô
ע⵽Կ̲סʵ
ʵӦóƺԿΪĸЩȻԣԡǰơ
ûҲǲ֪
Կҡͷ
΢ɣܾԿıЩŹ֣˵ʲôȴʲô˼ɡ
Դȴǲûжʡ
ˣ˵׻ڣЩŹֵĿ죺Сӣ̤ͨ˻飬Խһ󾳽磬ôûٽ£
̤֮ͨ󣬽һʱһֱһģֱ̤뻯龳Уδлѹ¡
ôһ˵Ҳɵöݣ⡭
֮ǰû⣬ڰ׻ȷʵЩŹ֣̤ͨ뻯龳ȷʵûл鼶׷ѹ£Щ֡
ӦãʦĨȥˡ
ºڣ
ţ£
ü
׻Ҳ죺ǣǸʱ򣬲ûٽٰ
ǺһսȫĿ˵ģûпƸ
һ˲䣬׽ٵϢ
µ
Ǹʱͻأħôһ˲䣬ΪȻԶսȴǳ׽Ϣ֡
ʱֻģĸӦʱħ£ǱܵǵԿٵͷţǸʱͻƵ˻龳磬׽٣ɢ׽Ϣ
ҲǸʱϾƹ֣ʥԽ׽Ϣת˲ʧˡ
񣬿ȷʱ򣬵ϾƹϢĨĻ١
ϾǸʱ״̬ǲɽٵġ
ȻȾϸڣû˵ûἰħʱ¡
Լôȫûӡ󣿡
ЩŹ֡
Ȼô˵ȴҲûмȥ
Ȼ˵ϾƹĨ٣Ǿһд
ˣ
ɽУ߲ʥԽ֯ͬˮһԵصڳ߲ʹøЩ
쵱Ŀڵص֮£µ˵ǰȥ
ܿ죬ɽġ
߲ʥԵص׳𣬾ǰλãʶе𶯣رҲӵص³߲ʥԱøŨһЩ漴Ƭ֮һȭͷС߲ʹԴԵصԻʼһֱǽ֯Ũʥԡ
ǽƬ죺ƬоȻҲнƬڣ
֮ǰѾ֪췢˽ƬʱۼȴǲɵЩԾ
ƺͷӢ۵ˣ֪߲񽣺ͽƬĴڣʱͬ㣬ҲЩ죬Ƭ棬ǵȽƬĴڡ
ɽУŴӵص׳ĽƬе㾫â֯
һ΢̧ʶе񽣱ƬֱӱӿڣɲǼʶеԱߣһμС
ˣ
ͬ㣬½Ƭ룬ƬЯֱӵĸ䡣
ԴˣѾϤһʱתֻľЩ
ʱ䣬һΣתۣʱȥ
ʱ֮½Ƭȫ뵽񽣱У½ƬڵҲȫϣ֮ʱǰǿ౶
΢΢һǿʢʥԣڣת۱ʧ
ˡ
ôµԡ
Ƭ磬еѪζǳŨңطԶԿƬʬ඼ǲȱģĿġ
߰ɡ
˵
طΪȡƬƬѾȡûбҪˡ
תۼ䣬һֱӿƬ硣
Ȫһ֮ػһǿҲ֮ػһܶ࣬ϵ߲ͥ壬һƬĴƬĴ⣬ٶȣӦϺܶ౶
˵֮ǰʶõϢ泹ױ٣໹ʮʱ䡣ŵ볹ױֻٻʮ꣬ôƻ߳ɣ໹ꡣ
ƻ߳ʱʱꡢѩҹŶϦͷӢ۵ˣ֮ǰʱڣȡ˶̤뵽ͨ쾳Σ֮ӵаա
ţȥװƿȥȻЩ޹۳ʹЩԱȽ֮ͥͥҲΪͥɱЩǧ鱨ѩޣ
Ƶ
ͷ£һ˽ٶĸЩǰһƬһƬ磬ĨɱһȺһȺͥǿߣһһʢƿ
ˣһۣʱȥ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʱȥһ죬һɹǿʢͨѹһƬڳ
ʱ䣬ͥһһʢƿһ죬ѩҹꡢŶϦͰ˽̤ͨ쾳
ã
첻ɵЦ
һУҲͨһأһսǿʢ
ڣȥߡ
ˣ
ͻȻؾͬһʥı˰㣬ʮڣռʼӿ֣һʱñƽ౶


2272 Ķ
غӿʱ䶯ݡ
ͬʱɡꡢѩҹ桢ŶϦҲԶݡ
ǣ
׻ͫײɵýЩ
оâ֯߳ɣ
һ̣Ҫ˼ʲôʣԻȪһƬĻʼʱ䣬һ̴ﵽ߳ɣʱһַӦӿ֡
һ̣ʱ
ʼ
Աߵļꡢѩҹ桢ŶϦƵˣ
һȻ˼֪ʲôʱ򣬵Կ翪һξ룬ƬߴתԵĹžһ΢˫ۣʼ
汻ƻﵽ߳ɣʱ㣬ӦؼڵñƽռԾܶ౶ʱϣΪƿ
ֿһԵ£΢˵ͷ漴ǿʼ
һߣɡԿҲһתžĸ
Ѿƿ֮ȴûн޵ޣʱϣƿص򣬻Ų׵İԣҲҪ
һ̣طΨδˮΪ˻
Ѿ޵ˣѾûʲôˣʱͳ׵׵ƿˡ
վţһķ羰ߡ
Ŀϣ졣
ʱתֻľ⣬ľɫʥԽ֯ºȴֳҡ
ط򡣡

νֱط򣬾Լ֮ϵҪΪ׶Ρ
һ׶ΣϢսʱǿϢսڸмǿá
ڶ׶ΣϢβ֮ĳš
׶Σڻͨﵽݻĵز
Ľ׶Σε򣬿ݻʥӰ
׶Σ۷Ľ׶ΣݳԼͨ
˵һ;ǰĸ׶Σÿƿص򣬼ûʲôͬɿǿֻдﵽ׶Σﵽ۷Σܿƿص
Ϊ׶Σÿݳͨضǲһģ߱ʥЧԲͬ
ЩѾ֪ʱһЩһĬĬ
ˣ
ںʱޱȵĻԾؼȻȻ򲨶Ʈ
쾫ʱ۷壬׽ؼ򲨶ԼıԴУȥ
ˣʱɿš
תۣչȥ
ﬣ
һ죬ͬ⣬һʵֶ죬һɼΪ˵򲨶ӿ֣ͬһɽ緢˰㡣
ȲһԱİ˽ǲɵñѣһĻɵöݡ

⡭
ʱ䣬͡׶Σ
׻ƽԵɴۣǿһĿ졣
ص׶ΣȻ֮ǰѾ֪ˣʱӲûɳ
ʱ䰡Ϣû޳쾹Ȼʹﵽ׶Σ޳̫ˡ
ȻԿĳǿߣɵΪ֮ݡ
ۣԽѾƿصԴ죬򣬲ѡ
ѵõ˵˺ܶ໰Ϊ˽͡
һԣһ㶣漴Ȼ
˵ǣһܹһٽĴʯȥʮĴʯȻǷǳ򵥡
ۣСӣ˳Խۣ
಻ѹ˭ԼĶࣿⶼ
б
ӴСǱӵ񣡡
ֱӸһצӡ
ҲʱϿӾ˵򲨶֯
ɴУûһ̣⣬Ŷ󽥽۳һʥӰ
@#
̲סֿڡ
׻˫۵ɵĹԲĶ£ˣ
ŶãǻΪʱڽ׶ζһ̣ǽ޵˵Ľ׶Σ۳ʥӰ
ǵģ
˫۷ǳԺ
ȻԿȴ̫龳۷ĳǿߣʱҲǲɵһζݣΪһĻ
ʱ䣬ʱѣ޵Ľ׶Σ⵱̫ˣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰɴδȥ޹
ˣ
⣬ɫʥԽ֯ƣϢӿ죬ʥӰ̾ʵŵһ㣬ɢϢԽԽˡ


2273 ݿ
ֱǣ̬
ƿ죬Բۡ
ʱһ˽ԱĻϢĿϡ
ʦ
Ű
ҶͯСʱܽ˽ΪºЩһֱһΪ촫ͬʱҲձ֮ϴӣɢһִ͵Ϣ
ˣ
⣬죬ʥӰ̾ӣԽԽ
Ҳʱͻأ䣬˫ۣ֮ϡ
ͬʱͬһʱ䣬¡Կ飬ҲǳŲ֮ȥ
һǸطѿһҳɫսϿƵӡ֪Ժֲϴɣֻܹоһɷǳѹ
ǡ
졢¡Կ鿴׻ƵҲſȥɵýԶݡ
ȥսʮӰ⽻֯ŵѪâ֮ǰնʮ˵ϢٲȻǻȪһˣڻ۷塣
ͬһʱ䣬սϵʮȻǿˡ
Ȼڴ˵ز򣡡
ϻȫնǿӢڸһƬ򣬳ĪʹӰӢܣ
ʮ˸Į
һֱӶˣаЦһˣ֮ǰնɱĴϣЩ嵹ǲȥǿһߣһ£ɱɱ֮ǰЩиоɱġ
ﬣ
ͬͬʵʵײ˽Ļ
ԣһ˲ɳת۴ﵽ˽ǰ۵һ֮ᴩ
ɫһϵаЦ̣ŵĿ죺㡭
ۣ
ٴν仰ϣ۵һ֮ķ飬ҲһС
һĻʹ桢׻ͺ˽Զݣһ۷ĻȪǿߣ˲ͱɱˣ
ͬʱսϣʮȪǿҲݡ
漴ܿ죬Щ˵ɫǱޱɭ

Ϊ׵һ˺ֱһɱ졣
ȻҲʱ춯ˣһ˲ԭʧսϿա
ûκζĶ䣬̧֣һȭº
ʥӰһȫ۶ɣһ̻ɸߣĶһȭº
䣡
𶯣һʥı졣
ʥӰĶȭ˶ȭ£֮һ
ݿϢʮռ䡣
ȭƣʹսϵʮȪǿ߸¶㤣ȫһȭŵˣһŴһ򣬳һȭӭϡ
Ȼá
͵ģʮ˳תۼǱȭѹķ飬ȭѹ£ɲǼǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըĿ죬սķѡ
ʮȪǿֻʣһδһץС
⣬ǡ
ʮ۷ǿߣҿµսȻһȭ͡
ƺͷӢ۵˿һĻɵõһ

˫ۺ
һˣʱ򶼿
㣬㡭
ץסĻȪʿ֣סķ
һ壬һǿʮ֮µİӢܣ⸽ԶһƬڣ汻߳ҵʱΣۼһ𣬲ΣΪڵӢܻѲܵ磬ڸоطо˵򲨶󣬸̽ˣֱҪնˡ
ȴ룬һ˾ȫĶ֡
ʮˣתۼֻʣһˡ
Ҫɱң
Ϊһ꣬źڼףھԵʵǰֻʣ˿־塣
ûк˷ϻʲôһƱԴֱûԷʶ
ڼ꣬£֮ǰʮᵽȪһİǿӢڸһƬڲΣˣҪӶԷʶѰνĻȪǿӢܾ崦Ƭڡ
䱾ԴûʶУһۣʮȥ
ʮһ̣ıԴ˳΢۵һ
ˣޱƽ̫龳ƿؽԴڵĶΣ̫ǿػ

ӺڼʶУ֪ȪһһȴѾ̫龳ڵʮ⣬ǿİţƬڣʱͬһڣһ̫ڵǿ߽ػ
ƬڣҲѾ֪
¶һĨЦ˶٣Ӳ£¼򵥺һ˵¡
ǼȥνİǿӢܣȫն
˵


2274 ǿ
Ļ׻˶ǲɵöݡ
һȥ̫Σ˰ɣһڻȪ嵱ʮ֮ǰһ٣˵Ľ׶ΣһսǺܿµġңһ̫龳ǿػûкֽ쵤Ӧԡ
׻ü
Կվȥɣ
Ƕ̫۷壬ҪɱĻȪǿӢ̫ܺ龳ǿߣס
ãһӦ

䣬ûйයΪһ˻ֱ˺Ż뿪
˶ǲɵ΢㶣һȥˣ
ףҪҪȥ
£Щǡ
Ͼһٸ۷ǿߣǺţ޵˵ĶΣңһ̫龳򣬺һսνܿ¡
áµʼպûһ˿һĵģԡ

뿪֮ǰƬ磬ѭžȷǰУһۣʮȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ʮһƬΰĴǰȻ֮ǰǸȪʿʶѵǰǿӢ̫ܺǿӵ磬ֱӿС
Ƭ磬Ŀɽƣضʬ֮ͬǰһ˽ƬнƬĴ㣬ĶѪζЩ̱ǡ
棬
һĻʱúܺ䣬˫ڲ֪
õƬڵ飬ѾĨɱˣƬΪ˻ȪǿӢܵء
վԭأű߾һ߲ʬ˫Ŀĵţžֺ;
˵˫Ĩϱպϡ
Ϣ
վøӱ䣬ɫʥԽ֯һɫʥ⣬㳯ƬĴȥ漴ú˺ѿռŻһοУת۱ʧ
֮Ҳ֪˶ãһλϴпȥǰһƬΰɽޱȾˣ˷Ψһڵɽ塣
ƬɽģżΪϢڽ֯ǳˡ
ٶȱø죬һһӰת۱Ƭɽλá
ȥɽɷ壬֮еһһɷϣһӰһ˿ȥΪģһһߣӺ䡣
ҵˡ
䡣
ͬһʱ䣬ƬȪǿȻȻҲǷ
һһ˿һ
ֻ壡
Ϊ׵߿ڣоâ
֮ػһ屻ˣĴ糹ʧǣһˣ֮ǰмʮǿ߾⣬Ҵֻ֪£֮˽ƬĻȪһ塣
һһڻȪڵݶͣȻȻ֪£֣һ۱˳
һٸȪǿߣʱеľâŨһ˿ڣʱϣƬǳʺҵٶȽƬ룬ֻҲƬ統ǺܲһأʲôδҲֻܽ죬ЦѹضǴһǷǳ֡
ﬣ
̶âûκζĻʱˣֻؽһչֱӱһɫն£ٶȼ죬ᴩޣ۵һ֮ᴩ
ңΪ̫ǿᣬɫں˵Զһΰɷֱӱķ飬ƬѪˮĿġ
ȫΪƬ޾ᡣ

䣬֮ڶ̻ڵĻȪǿߺֻؽڵһʱ両ֶһƬɫ£ط̫龳ڵһ֣޲𹥻
˽ʹطһڻȪǿ߲ɵýԶݣΪĺǿ
һ̣һ˵ǽԱһƬɭ䡣
ŵĶ
һǿߺһˣȻͬʱˣΪǻڵ̫龳ϾȻһסٲȻȫûнǷС
Ż䣬һֱ֮⽻֯Ϣӿ۳һʥճ¡
ѹ
ʮǿҲڣʱ̶֣֮ʹͨ
ӱ䣬һѹӿط񷶼Ϊ֮𶯣ת۱һƬ
ģڵĲϣһʱ両ֶʵһ㣬һƬ֮ѹ䡣
͵ģһʮŸȪǿ߼Ĺ˲Ϣ䱻飬ѹ䣬۵ĽʮᴩѪˮΪ֮Ž
Ϸ
ɭϢˣطǿǸ̫龳һѹǰĴƬɫڵİٸǿȺȫˣͫΪ֮һֱӶˣݻӡƺƵĳץȥ


2275 
ӡѹձƬƬ
޾壬ϣ죬֮»һʥӭ˵ӡϣѴƬĿռ䡣
䣡
תۼײһʥһʱ飬ݺݵһ
飬ҲϷ֣Ķ
Ȫĵ
ӡƲѹȥձƬ
ѹ˲ʮʹ΢𣬸е˾޴ѹ
ֻǣı飬ȴû˿仯Į
˫Уֺһ̸֣һƵĵһĪ⡣
ˣ
ʮؼ䣬翵˵һʱ۶ѹӡӭϡ
תۼ䣬ײһ
͵һһΣȪߵӡ̷飬˲ʧӰ١
㡭ʱ䣬Ȫ߾ֱ䶯ݣۣУ
֮ػһµļʮǿǵֻ֪£֪ƿۣʱۼȴǲɵ΢΢ɫ
ͬʱһʼᴩɵĻȪǿ߷ɻأʮŸǿ߽޸ãʱһĻͬȪ߰㣬ҲǽԱɫ
ۣǿ֮ͫһȪЩǿߺܲ٣֪·ǳ࣬ʱ޸壬˫ۣ˲ɵ߬˫֣Ŀĺ⣬мֶʼɣ࣬մȾֻأ˶
ΪԼһѪȻѪҪǿǣһ壬ȴǴδܹƿصۣһ࣬Ϊֻ壬һƿ˴˵еۣʱЩƽƾʲôܹƿأ
ˣ
ؼ䣬ӿƺƵԲǧڵĿռȫס
ǳԽ
Ȼǿᣬվֻǻ龳Ӳ̫ȪɭϢһ۳һʥӰͨһʩչһγѹȥʵʵĹٳһЩͷ
ӱ䣬ϣޱߵӭϻȪߡ
ط֮ǰܹӦԼǰʱۣԣ֪һ̫ǿҲɵ
龳ڵΪ򵽵Ķ֮ټۣ޾̫ڵǿߡ
䣡
ͻȪսһײձ飬ݣһһɷ壬¡¡̮
һٸȪǿ߿һĻ죬һ˿ڣһ֣ȫѹ࣬嶯֣̫ˣ
˵ţֱʥӰɶߣһ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮŸǿһ֣۳ʥӰʵʱ߶ޣޱߵ֮κ˰㳯ѹȥ
ԦˣȪ߼սһٸνĻȪӢܣȻҲйעʱ֣û˿仯еֻǱ͵Į
û˵ʲô֮ϣޱߵ죬һ̣һһѹ£ٸȪǿȫ֡
һΣƣ֮ǰǿʮϢ
ɲǼ䣬Ȫٸǿ߼ʥӰ뱻飬һ죬ᴩ

۴³ᴩһڻȪǿڵȻƥĻϢͬκ˱ϯųƬѪҺͳƬĲҽС
һٸȪǿߣоʮ飬꣬Ҳ˲䱻顣
һٸţһֻ̣ǿ꣬־ֿ֡
һȫǼ˵ĶεʥӰȻֻǼεǽԻڵΪ۷ȫһ˲Ĩɱ֮оʮˣ

Ȫ߾ֵ˼㣬۾һ¾ͺˡ
һȴʮ⣬һǿһˣǱܾˣһδĶ񣬾һ˲䱻Ĩɱ˾ʮˣ
ʧ󣿣
֮Ҫڵ峤̫ϳϵ˽
ŭ֮øˣ죬ǻŵ롣
Įϣ£򻹻ŵ˵ꡣ
룡
Ȫŭޱ֯ӭϣˡ
ҪǾ͵
һޱӿϣֱӽ˵
ͬʱԼѹ䣬ת۱ǽȪǿߵᴩȫ顣


2276 ֮
Ϣ֯죬ͬʵʵײһ㡣
࣡
ȪŭвѪ˿
ǻȪһ壬ʮ֮µİǿӢܣδڵȻطתۼ䱻ȫɱˡ
ĮޱƺƵĳŶԷѹ¡
˶ѣƬ磬еж٣֪ǵĺޣ

Ȫ峤ŭ𣺡ֻһȺ͵ѣҵȣȣ
Ǻܸ߼

ϣΪȻֻǴڻڣȴ˿Ҳ̫ǿߡ
Ͼǽ˵ĶΣ֧ţۺսǺʱȣǸʱɱ̫ڵǿߣȻҲǿԡ
ϣޱңǻϣϢˡ
ɱ
ȪߺХǸо۵Ŀ£ֱӳĶεʥӰ
ֻǣޱ֮£ʥӰû̫вײ֮󣬿һ㱻ķ飬ֻʣǹ⡣
һѹϣӲͬķɱˡ
Ȫߣ֮ǰɱ֮ػһʮȣΪȻǴ̫龳ڣսϣȴҪЩ֮ͬػһ̫ǿǿһأоȥѪϢ֮ػһǿ١
ˣıȴ˿䡣
ܹѹסˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĽ棬˵ϢӣѪˮϱŽ
ЩѪˮǻȪߵѪݵĽУȪ߱˾ŴΡ
죬ھԵϷ
飡
һΣȪ߱ɨĺɣϢ˥㣬ȻûѪɫ
ҧŭޱȣֱӻһʥԣƬ⡣
һУǣ֪㲻к³壬Ź㣡
г˺塣
ɨ۶Էʥԣ֪Է£ԴˣʱԽ֮£ȴûȥ
ΪȫûҪ
һͥҪԸȪĸ߲֪ɱһİǿӢ̫ܺ龳ϣûκεӰ죬ǻһĸ߲һ
ӵĮȪϣһ˳ӡ
ȥƬ޾Ǹ
˳ѹ£ֱû
۵һȪֱӱ飬Ǳ
طһ˲üž࣬ܣɷΪս٣ر˶³ʮ֮ࡣ
ڣۣϵĶεӦÿ̫ڵǿһսϣͲˡ
µǰǿս۱պϣҲɢȥ
漴в˿˿ľâ֯նɱȪ̫龳ǿߣͻǺʱͬûзúֽ쵤ǵʱΪıȫ֮羳սն̫鼶ǿߣ
Լ

˿˿΢紵ŨҵѪζ
վеľâɢȥƬƵɽӣ˶٣Żһʧ
֮ûã뿪Ƭ磬صºɵʱڣһǸط
뿪Ӣۡƺѩǵ˶ͣ˲ʱ鲻ɵ΢΢һ䡣
㡭ˣ
̲סʵ
ˡ
ͷ
⻰һطȥ⣬ɫ
ˣô죿
׻ۡ
ǸطһٸĻ۷ǿߣе˵ĶΣǻȪţһһ̫龳ǿݣԻڵΪǰŹȥһʱȻͽ˽ˣ
ڵսȷñΪƽ̫龳ʱȣ࣬ԣûʲô⡣򵥵Ľ£ŵ뿪һƬ򡣽ЩȫնȪɳǿ߸ϵ
ԶԶԣط
׻һ̽ȸ
ߡ
쿪ڣһֱ뿪Ƭ硣
֮һ۹ȥʱ䣬ѰһƬµĴ磬ֻߵС磬Ƭ汻ٵ߳ɵʱϣҲ˵ע⡣
ƬС磬ȡ÷һм䣬Ͱһ𣬼ʼ
ɾվһ䣬Ϊһ˻
ˣʱţתۣʱȥ
֮һ죬ؼȽϻԾ򽥽ƽؼԾҲָƽռǵģ
⣬֮⻷ƣϢǰŨһ˫ۡ
ڲ۷壬Ķξͷ

µʱ䣬˵ĶξͷܿݳԼͨ
ΪΪĹϵ˾˵Ľ׶ߵ˾ͷ뻯龳۷ΣѾԶˡ


2277 Ҵ
֮;ɫʥâ໷ƣӦԼǰΪΣӦı仯ǿʢ࣬սҲʮĽ
ã
лһĨտտâ
һ̣΢֮;ɫʥâͬʱ뵽ڣվ
ͬһʱ䣬һҲ˫ۣʱͣ²
һˣ֣һﵽ׶ΣҪǿϲ٣ʱУﵽĽ׶Σ۳ʥӰˡ
Կ飬в׵ĽȴǴĽ׶Σṳ̂׶Ρ
̫ˡ
Կ̾
޾ǰ򣬴ﵽĽ׶Σǣȥô󣬽汻߳ɵضʱȴûܹ̤뵽۷׶Σ̫̤ȥˡ
̾Ϣ׻ƺһ˷ܣ졣
벻үһҲ޳ɴ˵еƿصΡ˷ܣһԵ棬Цڣڶˡ
ô˵ȴǳ𾴣ںЩ꣬ΪѪĳ׼ûٻ˼
ˬˬ
׻໽С
ƿص޵Σо˸췭ظı仯ΪȻûʲô̫սȴǱǰʵɱ䡣
һʱ䣬һ˾طԸӦ򣬸Ӧı仯ƿء
ˣܿʱȥ
¡
պһ죬ƬߵĴڣлϢ糯ӿ
΢̧ͷƬ⿴ȥͥƬˡ
ĴͥҪеһƬƬȫٵƬһƬߣۣܲվӭͥĻ
ͥˣɵǣ
ţ
ƺͰ׻ֱӳ˳ȥ
Ƭ⣬ʮͥǿ߾һһĴڡ
ƺͰ׻ֱ˹ȥչ
Ϊ׵ͥʱ㤣ǡ
ҽд̶ƺͰ׻ѹ£ֱӽͨصն
С̨ɱУо治
׻Ц
漴һһٴζ֣ʮ콫֣ȫ
Ҳʱµ˴Ӵڿ쿪ڣȥ磬£ȡͥռƿͬʱɱһˡ
ڰ׻׵Ļɱһͥʮ콫˿Ҳ⡣
ϾһһǴͨһأƿļӳ֣Ҫɱͨͨʿѡ
ţ
׻Ӧ
ͷһ˳Զȥ
һռڣ֣Ƭ棬ÿտ̫࣬дѾǱͥ׻𣬳ʧˣռУߺܾòܿһƬ硣
һ𣬾ǵˣڴ֮ǰһŬǿ

ƬѾǲޱȵУʮһֱͬУѰһƬһƬĴ磬ɱһһͥʿʢװƿ
ΪѾ߳ɣʣµĴ磬ǼΣˣȼᵽƿȻǼŨ
ֻ壬һδΪУɱˣúú
ŭأһƬУһ̫ڵĻȪ϶ȾѪˮϢ˥˼㣬۵һһλ顣
ԶͥƬڵʱսӪѾױ٣طĳͥʿʮ龳ĻȪǿߣȫﱻնˡ
ĮޱӿʥӰӶʥȭޱһ̫ڵĻȪѹת¡

ҽд̫ڵĻȪϣֱȹ֮»һƬѪ
꣬ҲһС
̧֣طʢװƿץУк뿪
ȥ硣
˵ط˺Żһ뿪Ƭ硣
֮ǰʣµһƬƬ磬ɱͥǿߣȡͥռƿһۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱһһռʮƿǷǳŨȴûǣ׼Ǵص档
һ𣬽Ǻ棬УһЩ͹ˣýЩȥЩ͹˱ǿʵ
ͬʱҲЩͥһɱɽҲǿ
δͥһֵͥ


2278 ֻ
Щͥ׳ӿֳ˲ʳţЩţ㹻Դ£ţܱúǿδʡ
Ϊ֮ͥȻΪͥ·ӦþΡ
һ硣
кһˣѾޱȲƵУǰ硣
תۣһ¹ȥռƿն˸ͥʿ
Ҳһ죬ͻأ𶯣˻
ƬƵ棬ͻأһѹֵϢУ
ôˣϢ

ͬʱҲǶݡ
졢ԿҲɫΪͻȻеѹϢ
ޱ¶⡣
ǡĴ
쿴ġ

ĴռһƬްһ޴︡
һʥӰпͨ屻޾ʥԻƣݣֻһ˫ͬǳ޴ӿԿڽ֯ŸַĪƵӡԼƺڳ飬Ϊ֮
ʥӰ֮˿˰ߣվʥӰ֮
ʥӰǳ޴Įģ濪ʼΪ֮΢֮ӿ֣ͬʶ֣̿ڳʥӰĤݡ
ֻ塣ƴͻأ棬ʥӰһ̿ڣңңĿĳλã۵Ӹ䣺Сϡ
йӿ֣Խ棬ңңĳԶȥ˲Ϣ
ͬһʱ䣬һƬڣ쵱һͻأԶˣʲôҲδȴǸоһֻĴڳץ
ͬʱԱߣһԶˣǿҲ⡣
ڣһ̣һ˵ˡ
ѹֵϢһжѹˡ
ʥ⣬ĴԶѹֵϢһӣһȥ;һʮ磬ռƬ
Ȼͻأ䣬ȳӶȥʥ΢𣬾ֱ顣
ģʥӰʮ֮⣬ϾƹһϮۣϢĳ֡
ʲôˣʥӰߵӰĿϾƹһɫǲһ䣬̲סһ㡭
ʥӰǳ޴޾ƻƣĪ⣬Կ

棬һλãһֲֳֻץĸоʧˣ¿Զˣȴֹסķͨ嶼
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣһҲˡ
գղš
ڣֹͬסķвĽ֯㤡
ȻԿҲ⡣

ץ·ƯʱһƬ԰ףղָоֲ̫ˡ
Ŭǿѹסɵ֣оɫʥӿڣʱļ¸УʹɵĲ԰ɫʼָ
һɣһ˺Żкµ˷غ档
һ̣˵Ļ汻𵽾ųʱޱΣգãʱ״Ǻͷᵽǵйء
ʱ㣬ãغˡ
ߣ
˵ɣµһ̤Żڣתۼʧԭء

棬Ĵ
ϾƹһϮۣһʧķңңۣĿºͣ漴¿ǰľ޴ʥӰ
ʥӰ䣬ϾƹϣڵƻƣƿɿһС
ԽǿˡĿϾƹϣĮ
ƵǾøӻ̿֡
ǿˣϾƹĿƽʥӰȣ·ɳСδɢκǿʢϢȻʥӰݵĿֲϢ֮£ȴʥȶԶĸֻ
ʥӰӵĮ޾âƳūͰϣ˵ʲô
ΪͥʼߣֻƬأΪһжɳû㿪ڣΨǰ⡣
Ϊǰˣ
ֻж棬棬ͼƿֻأԱ̤ߴԪʵūۡϾƹΪƿֻأ
ֻ޴ǳӶʱΪ֮𶯣дĿŽ
ʲôط֪£ֻعŶǧâΪ֮𣺡ܾǰ;úܹŹ֣㾿ʲôˣ
¡
ʮռ׵ʧ޾ֻعӿѹϾƹ
Ͼƹ䣬ƽû˵ʲôϢʧԭء
޾ֻعѹ䣬ռٴα١
ֻӺ䵽˼㣬ǰݡ
ģڤɲ׼ǰ棡ǧں󣬱٣
һһڵĿֲڶŸ֣ʮռ俪ʼĴռ䣬һԴԴԴϵĳӿȥ
΢Եϥ
ǣ
Ӧˣʧط

棬ǿдܼǹ͡
ˣ
Զǿͻأѿһ޴Żɣµˣ߳


2279 η
ǹ㣬͡
ɣµ̤ص棬ļ¡
ΪҪˡƶ£ͻϢʲô
ɡ£
׻ҲǷ
ˣʱɫЩ΢ס
֮ǰǵѹϢ̫ˡ
һԼƽʱȻȥ
ߣȥȺȼѹѹ

ɣ΢ֱǿŻ֣һʧԭء
һ̣һ˳һƬڡ
ǰһʰ쵵ǳ󣬵ϢȴЩʣһظС
Ȼʮǡ
ܾûˡ

֮ǰع棬ǰ棬ʱȴδʮǣʱһ㣬Ѿ뿪ܶˣЩ
΢˶٣ɣкµˣֱӳʮڽ䡣
ƺ沢ŹǣǸһˡ
Կ飬ȻҲһ
ܿ죬һ˽ʮǣһˣھͥ塣
ɵ۴ˣ
ͥھ򣬾ôЩ꣬ѾΪʮһʥأڷ棬Ҳǵ֮ĵһУ֮ͥһֱɱɽأ֮ͥػͥǾϲд
ʮһѹڰңʮڤ֣ڤ´ط⳾򲢽֮ӡֽʮ򣬸ΪʮʿʮһǹʮľŴЩɱɽΪԺ
ͬʱЩɱɽȻҲ֪ºɵˣ̳һ
ˣùǡ
͡
ͥѾܾδˣһֱӽ֮ͥڡ
һһĸƣͥѾǱޱȺΰռطΧȵ֮࣬ҲѾǵʱɱȡ
һһصʱûʲôµһ𣬴Կ顢ƺͥ⴦ڴ˷Ϊǽܸλá
ͥڣɱɽɫ£ǿʢһˣ񣬶ûйͣܿǼȥԼ¡
˵ĴУ
̾
ͥڵһɱɽģΪϽԶԶȲǣеɱɽȴǴһηΪѵõĶȶȻǻȪǵǿȺӵҲǸ̲߱סп
ǰˡ
ǫ
һ֮ͥڣܿҹĻ٣һͥһ
˺ܶ࣬һ˳ƣݷɣͬʱҲӭսͥ
ܿҪױ٣Ǻˡ
ƬصһƬ棬ñסһеһоͶˡ
һҹһ̸˺ֱܶ࣬ճʱǸһ䡣
ȥ²ߡ
µһ죬С̫Ͱ׻ƣСҶͯԿ飬Լ¡ɺͼ뿪ͥ²ȥ
ļһЩԼͣţɵһһ߹һڱԼƿЩ͹ʵڷͣʱ˰¡
¼䣬̫ϳϡΪеӽ̶̰µʱʹǿ
ͬһʱ䣬УͥһЩ£֪һЩ²ĳ͹ˣЩ͹˲ǿ󣬵֪£ǰ׼
ʱһΣӵھ²һ̿ʼʮܿȥ
ʮһգµ»صͥ壬ʮһͥӵȫٻأͥ䳡оڶˣͥȫ֪ȡʢװƿΪһɱɽʵ
ͬʱͬڷǸʱ㣬ΪеɱɽΪɻɱɽΪһɱɽһЩȽϸͨʹ
δսܲпᣬҪŬƬ棬֮ء

η壡
ɱɽڵ֪ͥĿºû˿η壬з¶ս⡣
ãκβĵطң
һȡ÷ͥ䳡
䳡ǰĶʮΣͬʱɳڵ÷䳡ģ԰Щɱɽõıǿ


2280 ɱ鲼ǿ
ҡҷ޴䳡ģ졣
һʱ䣬һɱɽֻһ˲ޱȿ飬ƽռһЩȽĵʱʱȻʣתۼС̨ס
˵ʥ
лɵ۴ˣ
һɱɽͥͥڣصйżͥӣԿЩɱɽ֪ĶԶͨʿܶࡣ
ܹǿܹδĴսдǶõĸл

һɱɽصĵͷĵͶС
䳡ϣڴˣһɱɽǽ
ǰѯʣ˭潲⡣
ᱲˣΪڵ˶ǰηһ䣬Եˡ
һԹۿ̲סп
̫ѵã
Ҳͷ
Թһе˻ԴŴеΪеӽ֪ķΧڣûУûκδеһ
Ϊÿһд嶼ȷĵȼƶȣλˣܷΣȥͨӵ
ȻûͬЩ󴫳дǰ㣬û˿ӣΪ֮ͥȴǺͥɱɽһƬǽɱɽһԴ죬ǿʵͳͥͳͥ
ˣͥڵЩɱɽλ䲻ҳϣ
ֻҪУЩɱɽǣûκοηġ
ΪЩɱɽ֪ۺʱۺεأʲôѣǵ䶼ǣһԡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ͥ䳡ϣһһĳȡ˲ʢƿһɱɽɱɽ䳡ϴͻơ
䳡ϣǿ䳡ͻƣһʱȹΪ硣
ͬʱо飬Ĵڸɱɽ
лɵ۴ˣ
һɱɽ
Що飬ĵرȴʤĵرЩɱɽԣϵıأδ·Ǹıǿ
ҡͷֽ·ĸ󾳽εľ廮֣ȷĸ֪һɱɽͺȵŬ
Ϊ֮ͥЩɱɽĲ£ܹЩµģȫˡ
δռһսں汬սܲпᣬͥעսֻϣЩ£ܹһЩ
һеŬܹδɱУܹδսбȫ
һգͬһʱ䣬ơС̫׻뿪ʮ򣬴ʢƿǰĸ֧ͥطͥʵ
ҶͯСѩǣһЩǿɱ󽫣Ҫ£ǰǿ֮ϵĸ磬֧ͥȫǿ֮С
Ĵ֪ͥжô£佫ͥɢУЩƬǿУɱɽסǿıݡ
ˣʱһΣһ¹ȥ
䳡ϣΪɱɽһ֮á
һ֮һ죬䳡ϣһɱɽŬ뿪ⷽ䳡
Ҳһ죬ƺ˴֧ͥϻأصʮͥ塣
ʢƿѾƽ䵽֧֮ͥͥ£׼ȷͥɱɽطɱɽǣʵǿ˺ܶ࣬ڼǿС

ǿ֮ϵĸڵ֧ͥȫأѾǿеĸƬ򡣡
Ҷͯ
ͥʵڲϱǿɱɽȫǿ֮УǿУ䣬ͥķ֧ڡ
ãͷ˶٣ڣ׼Ƭǿյĸλãޱɱ󡣡
֪ͥʲôʱͻɱ棬ʼԺĴ֮ǰԷɣһп׼
Կ顢ƺ棬ͥʮͨ켶ϵĴڣҶƿеε֮Ҫǿոӡɱ󣬲һѵ¡
£һ죬һ˵º˶ǵͷ󣬰ڣдﵽͨ켶ϵˣֱǰƬǿյĸ䣬Դͨһһɱ
Щɱ󣬶ͨ켶ұ֮Ȼͨͨ켶ǿߣҲܹ׵Ľɱ
ת꾳Ϊ۷µɱȻڵڵĴڣ˵ܹĨɱ
Ϊһ˵Ϊǿᣬԣǿշǳ󣬵ǣǿиӡɱ£Ҳֻʱɡ
콫Щɱֱ֮𴫸ǿиλõ֧ͥǼء
һռһսһͥʿƬǿУֱӿɱɱ
ڣ֪ͨУôս׼
ٴҶͯСѩɳͥǿߣǰλãʹ崫ͥ£øʹδս׼
⣬·ĸ󾳽εĻ֣ҲȷĴǡ



2281 ɴ𣬿ʼ
ӵҶͯСѩǵһʱ䶯ǲȺɱɽ콫֮ͥ´ĸ壬·Ĵ󾳽εľ廮֣ҲȷĴƬһ塣
һʱ䣬Ƭ棬һһǲɵ𺳺;㤣Ϊ·ǰ޾ͷ𾪣ΪͥĿֲʵ㤣ֻ±ǲɵ¶ҵıЩ˲ɵ÷
죡еӣŬŬ׼
ȥǿ
һһڣд𴫳
ͥΪһУɵ۵ţҲѾطͥһǴĹͥ£һʹȻ𺳣ȴûһ˻ɣͥˣ⿪Ц

ʮ򣬵ھ򡭡
׼ˣڣҲŬΪսˡ

ô˵ȴǲûеһʱչأǽ¡ɡꡢ桢ѩҹϾϦһ뿪ͥ
Щһʱ٣Ůʱ䲻࣬þһʱ٣һһλãӵǵ˵ãΰɡ
һĸ䣬һɢģͬʱҲƬ嫵ε˽⡣
ˣһۼ䣬ʱȥһ߹طľȹȥһٶʱȻˮ㣬һȫµɱ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬һɰĴӿ
㡭ˣ
ɿ죬ʱȻǲı仯ͻأǿ˺ܶࡣ
ͬʱºͼˣȻҲвǲɵƫͷ졣
ԼȻҲУԲ£ָܿƽ
۷塣
Ц
ľ裬һʿԣҲǷǳҪģµʱ䣬һûκ£̬ޱȵķɣУľһΪȻȻŽˣӻڴﵽ˻۷Ρ
ľһΪﵽ۷壬ԸӦһ¼ʱ˼Ĵ仯սǰһ޴ķԾǿ˺ܶ౶
ã㲻ۣҲܻɱ̫ͨǿߡ
ϲ
ɱĸ첲Цĵ
¿ɣ¶΢Ц͡
ꡢѩҹ桢ϾϦʱɣҲһĳ谮֮ɫ
ǼҵС
֣ɵСǡ
䣡
ͻȻ͵ľ
Ƭڣϣռͻأƿһ޴ĿռŻһӰпͥеսףޱȻ
ɱ
һ
ȺӰУ˿ڣ飬£ȺӰƬĲ£ɱƬĸ䣬ɱϢһʱƵ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ֻһ˲ѣƬ֮УԲϿµӰֱӶƬڵ鷢ɱҽһʱƬλ
һĻ쵱ݡ
һĻЩʿͥеսף֮ͥˣǴĿʼ
ô᣿
¶ɫ
滹ڻУȫٵңһ뿪棬һ궼ͥɱ˺棬ʼ˶ԺĴ
ⲻ
Ȼϵʿϻһǿ֪֮󣬾֮ͥצͲԶˣͬǼδǰ㣬޾£ǣм£ҲǧŶԡ
ʲô
Ϊʲôˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ɡꡢѩҹ桢ϾϦҲɫ
ȻҲ⡣
ţˡ
նˣ
ͥļ콫һˣһλÿһֱӶ֡
һˣ׾۷Σǳ磬תۼһ˽ǰ̧𣬽һȫ·¡
̽ĴֲŸտһʱֱӱһȻȻ֯ŵϢķ飬д˳ֱ۶ϣӵ֮ϣ۵һ飬е壬ҲһѪС
ͬʱ˴һļ콫Ҳһѣ
ţ
Ҳ쾳Σ벻Ƭ磬Ȳεࡣ
ԶһռŻԣͥͨһǿվһע⵽һ˵ͨ켶ѹֱһѹ䡣


2282 ʮ
ͨ켶ѹƵһͨ켶ǿ߶֣һͨ켶ǿҲһ֣ͨһͥתۼѹ䵽ǰʥ⡣
̧ͷεѹֱӽһ𣬶һѽһץУнǰ
һͷ췢ӭһĻɫ䣬̲ס㡭
飡
ֱ̧֣һȭ˸ԷĻϣһƱԴûԷʶ
ܿ죬ʮȥɫ΢䣬ʶе˳΢ֱӽ˸
˵ʶУ֪Ĵδǣͥȷʵǿʼ˶ԺĴɾġڤɲ졣
壬ÿһʵǺͻȪһ൱ңͬһʱ䣬ȪڷȫɵսͬʱɵսҲǳƬˡ
ͷ΢֮ǰϻǿ֪ļδ𣬶ֻ֮ػһһȺִƣĴ֮ػһҲֻɻȪһֶѣȻ񣬶ԺĴ𣬲ʱͻȻǰˣսϣɺͻȪһǿľġڤɲ죬ϻȪȫɵսô
£򵥵ĺǽ£üŮӲɵҲǶݡ
ΪʲôͻȻôźĴ𣿶ңͶսԶĴͻȻԡ
ü
ȻҲĸоָоͥΪĳЩ¶
˶٣ȥ룬񣬺ĴѾʼˣǵÿȥӦԣȻʮš
ﬣ
ͻȻ˵ɱƵĽĻ
ֻ壡

Զһ֣գһһƬ
⣬ɫʥԽ֯һˮ˵ѹɱ顣
̧ͷɱѹĵطĿϣӵΪ֮һ
ȪʮӣȪȡ

Ѱ˻Ȫһǿߵʶ֪˻ȪĲ£оһһǿʮӵ£ʱȻһ۾ϳˣΪȪһĵʮӣѪǿΪ̫ڣսǳֲԶԶһ̫ǿ߿ȡ
Աߣɡꡢѩҹ桢ϦϾҲݣȻ˵Ĳ򵥣Ϣǳ¡
ϾΪѾתڣǿԷ̫ˡ
δ汻ѹӵƬ档Ȫӱ䣬ֱѪɫʥ⳯ѹ£ʼɱϣˣעҪУҲɱ㣬ֻὫѹǣ֮ǰ̵˽ʹеڣ
棬һսɱȪһʮ֮µİǿӢܣһһ̫ڵϣһս£Ǹ̫ڵĻȪǰ˻Ȫ壬Ȫĸ߲Ƕ֪֪Լһһʮ֮µİǿӢܱȫɱˣŭ㡣
ȪΪȪһʮ֮һ֮󲻾ãȻҲ֪¡
䣡
ɱѪâѹ䣬Ϣˣһʱ佫ϵĿռȫ¡ɺͼҲһ֡
Ҫҹ㻹ûǸĮûʲôֱдƬֻؽϸ֣һ곯ŶԷѹɱʥӭϣƬ棬Ƭ档
ֻؽˣźƥĽ⣬תۺͻȪĵʥײһ
䣡
ײʮƬյ̮
Ѫɫʥֻؽ⣬ͬһʱ
Įһиֻؽ⸡ŻȪѹ䡣
Ϊڻ۷壬Է̫ڣѪˣΪȪһһĵʮӣսԶһ̫ǿǿܶ࣬ǣȴû˿ɵ
Ȫӱ䣬Ѫɫʥâ֯һѪƺƵĳѹ¡
ۣ
죬ĵֻƿ۵£Ȼ֪
̫ڣΪȪ嵱ʮ֮һȻֻ֪ƿۣҲ˿⣬ʼմؾ㡣
㻹䡣

ֻؽĽƱøӻնʮΪһͼŶԷӭϡ
ͼѪײһ𣬻Ϣ⡣
ȭֻȭ𶯣һĿȭ⣬ͰԵƿɺ
ȪĵǿܹоĵΪԷһ󾳽蹵ӭսԷѹСǣ⣬ңʱȻۣȴҲǲʹá
뿴һԼΪ磬ڲʹ۵£ܹͻȪ̫ڵĵʮսʲô̶ȡ


2283 ɫ׺
䣡
ʥ𶯣ʮռƬƬ
ʩչֻؽӶֻȭӭ̫ڵĻȪʮӣܸоѹϵıȴ˿Ҳûб仯ĮţɫʥԽ֯
ȪѪѹͬʱҲˣݻʥѪһն¡
ҵĽ棬Ϣ֯һ硣
ֻ壬ֻؽֻȭ̻Ӷ漴ֻͼҲһһʱ䣬ȭƴ󿪴ϣˣʥϣʥʮռȫѹƣ𿪻ȪĵѪֱĳŶԷȥ
Ȫӱ䣬Ѫâ֯и˵Ѫѹ¡
Ѫȫʥ͵ں۶ɣŷǳ˵ĸʴ֮
תۼ䣬ײһ
¡¡ģһʱ䣬ԲǧڵĿռ˽ڲķ顣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһƬڣͥ콫࣬ƬŻ𣬴˿̸Ӧļҽ棬гƬ콫
תۼѣ˳طʮͨڵ
ˣ
Щ˳ȻϵûȪģд
ȪĮЩͥʿ޶ãĿֻϣѪһ˲øǿʴ֮ˡ
ͥʿǷδֻȭƸǿʮ졣
¡¡ģʮڣлϢ˿˿ơ
ܺλˡ
طͥǿߣ𺳣ȻЩͨصĶҲ⣬ǿǶ֪ȪĵĿ£ΪȪĵʮӣ̫ڣһǿǿܶ࣬ƬУǰܹͻȪĽ档
󣬺ܿ죬Щ𺳣ƫͷԶºɵˡ
ǺǸһģն
һͨ
ɱ
һڡ
£ˣʮڣһͬʱˣͨʱɱµˡ
ٹǿʥͬһʱ両ºɵϵĿռȫ֡
ߣǿ³ڣǳʵŵһ㣬һͨͬʮ콫һУƺƵѹ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽҽд̶ɲǶѣֵʮ콫ͨȫ飬ͬҲһ
һǿ߶ʱɫͨ켶⣬һĻϲɵ¶𾪣Ųɵͣһ˲˲ĶŰ㡭
ˣ
ʥԽ֯һƬʵĹʥλ죬Ǻ͵Σȴһֿɽһжᴩĸо
һͷҵķ۶ˣƿɽﶼٻ١
ѩҹԵ㣬ڣħâƵϵڣϲ֮Ĺ޾ɻħӰ䣬ħ񷶼˶ҡ
Ϧ̧֣һѷ죬޾ӡƽ֯Ϣ
Ͼ鲢ָ죬£̫նѲ񷣬Ҫն档
Ҳ
ɺߵ΢ֱһʱ䳤ӣӿʱ䷨ûʮ
һ֣һ˲䣬Ƭ綼Ϊ֮ƺһ̾Ҫٵ
ʮͨ켶ͥǿ˲ȫɫɲǼɷףˣϾ˼ֱͨѹסˣ˻̡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪŽһ˲Ϣʮͨڣ顣
꣬ҲһС
׶ûأǶ֣ڵϲ࣡
ɺߺߡ
վһԣɣϴһ˿ЦĿʮ͡
ʥܷ֯طԶȪĺսһӲɵһȻǴ̫龳Ϊ˺ܶ࣬ʱȴǲɵñ˵սһ¡
ĳ˵ľ磬ľȻܹսȻǷŵǻȪڶǼΪɣȻƿ˴˵еʱ䷨ȷԽ棬ԽǿֲܼսδԹ
ﬣ
̶Ľ𣬲񷶼žһһɫֱӻ
첻ɵôЦǵʵɵóԾﲻɵüΪ˳
ȪģǻȪʮӣǾ˵Ѿ޵˵׶𣿲òҴţų
Ц
Ż䣬¡һΥʩչ̼ﻮһƬɫ׺ӿͬһｵһ㣬ĴΪ֮ҡ
ɫž죬תۼǽȪ֣ѹ¡


2284 ɱ
գЩ꣬Ѿʹˣڴʱٴ
¡¡ģɫɫ׺Ϊص׵磬ŵѹƺɽؼһжѹ
ȪӭƬɫ׺֣졣
ֻһ˲ѣ𶯣ֱӽɫ׺߽⣬һʱķ顣
ˣ
Ƭռ䣬ʮڣһһѪһеܡ
ӿ֮Ƶʮ
չۣ
ȪľУӱ䣬ӳӰ㿴졣
н֯âǸоյĿ£һһѪӵ򲨶̫ŨˣʥӰǿ
ʣһһѪǵͨ
ûǸҪ
Į
ȪıɱǸ̫ڵĻȪǿ̫̫࣬ΪȻͬսȴصĲһ̣ӭһһѪʱо˾޴ѹвȻȴ˿Ҳ޾塣
ӭһһѪֱӳһȦһȦĻϣ΢䣬һʶһ㣬ϯԷ
Ȫӱ䣬飬һѪΪ֮Ӹͬķѹ죬дŸʴһе̼佫ʴ
⣬ٴԻңֻͼֻȭ⡢ֻؽâ̼ҽȻҲһ𣬳Է䡣
ȪĿѪӭϣ̼佫ͨȫ
ͬʱֻͼȻƬ֮䱻ȫ
ͨ򶼱ת𣬸ʴ֮
䡣
ʴҲиʴ֮ǺͻȪĵͨĸʴ֮ȫʵ𣬻Ȫĵʴܽؼﶼʴ
һ̣ѹǰĴ󣬲ȴûκη塣
ֻͨȻҲ泯ŻȪıϣһ̳ʥӰһԻ
Ի龳̫龳ԵĶԵֻ壬С𣡡
Ȫñ
¡һܣһѪøӿҪѹһС
һʱ䣬͵ģתۼǱȫȻʥӰҲΪ֮һһѺۣת֮Ƿ鿪
鲻䣬κλӦ䣬ʥӰչǴ泯ŶԷӭϡ
Զ¡ѩҹȻѾ˻Ȫʱǵε򣬳⣬˶ɵЩ𺳣ȪȻ¡
Ҫ֪εǷǳƿأǿ֮ػһԿڻĹʱΪ֮ػһһŮʾԺܾˣ޾£ΪѾ̫۷壬ȴδ޵׶ΣȻȪģȥԱԿֻܶ࣬Ǵ̫ڣ㾹ƿصΡ
ȪģֻǻȪһ嵱ĵʮӶѣ֮ϣŸǿӣһ峤̫ϳԼЩ棬ЩˣҲӦƿ˵εȥ㣬һʵֱ
£ֻһ˲ѣһ̣ǽעȫϡ
ô˫ۣڣ޷ʹãɻ󣺡ȥ񰡡
ǡҡͷȻǷǳ˽⣬ȻΪϺͻȪǸʲôȪĲһ󾳽蹵ڣ򣬽ԷĵѹȼĵĶ򣬳һսУͻƵ׶Ρ

ͷ
ǶһսһЩսϰߣǷǳ˽⡣
䣡
ǰҵĽ棬䣬ԵĶεӭսȪĵĵͨʥӰһһα飬һδαˣȴ˿䡣

棬ǿС
ƬĴһձǿУһ̣콫̽١
ɱһ
׼콫ȡ
콫̼һſǳ
Ȼͬһʱ䣬ǿУһӰԻԷǷ
ЩӰͥеɼףΪͥɱɽǿиһֱڰѲǿգһ̼һ콫ǴġͥʿĸַεзֱЩ˵ݡ
ͥˣôˣ
󣡡
ɱ
ǿУһһɱɽһһ˿ӡǿеɱ󱻿Ĩɱͨ켶ǿߵɱƵ̼佫дǿеͥǿȫС
ǡ

ҽеһʱ𣬴ǿеͥǿǰһ̻һĮᣬҪ¾Ƭǿգһ̱¶֣һһޱߵɱ顣
ΪƬǿյĵ˭֮ͥɵ۴ˣҵȫ
ǿɽȡ
ޱɱӿɱӿֲš

棬һƬڣһС
䣡
⣬ƣʥӰһδεĳ𣬼ս̫龳ĻȪġ
һѪ֯ܣΪȪĳĵ̫龳Ϊͨ׻ɱ̫ڵǿڣͨڣԻ۷Ϊ⣬ԵĶεӭսһһεˡ
ȻȴԽӵϢԽԽ񣬷·һɽҪ˰㡣


2285 Է
ϣʥӰ໥ϣ籩ӭϡ
ȪͨݻһѪʴϺ졣
䣡
ҵĽ棬Ϣ⡣
ʱɿţȪĽ棬һ۱ʱȥ
طһƬһƬĿռѣ󱻻Ȫĵͨʴ
䣬ɲչۣԻ۷Ϊ͵Ķεӭս̫ڵĻȪļĵ˫һһεײ𶯰˻ġ
Ȫĵӱ䣬ֱڣ컹ۣԻ۷Ϊ͵ĶսԼ׵СˣĿ⽥Щп
漴¡һһѪøӿ£ø࣬ʴգͿʴˡ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һη壬ӭϣԵĶεӭս
ԵĶεԿȪĵĵ򣬸ӦԷͨԶԷ̼ͨɳһδλ˵ͬʱȴԽԽǿ
ϢԽԽǿʢˣε򣬺ԽԽˣ
ɽǰ
¡ꡢѩҹ桢ϦϾ飬ȻҲǶӡ
⣬øǿʥӰɢϢøӺ嫡
ӭսȪģܶԷѪѪѪԷӦӱԽԽ䣬򣬱ԽԽ͸
ȪԵεɱѪһƬһδεĳѹ䣬̵ĴѪǰ·ֽһ㣬
䣡
䣡
䣡
ϢӿϢ
תۼ䣬ǰʱȥ
ְʱ˲ѪһδαˣȻȴǱøˣԼǳлƣϢøӵľˡ
ͬʱȪ¶âʱǿ˳죬ȫԽͨ

䣬Ȫ̧֣ʥ󱬷еѪȫ𶯣øࡢϢøˡٶȱø죬ѹ֮ѹ졣
¡һѪһɲǼȫϡ
գױʴ
֮⣬͵죬챻ѪȫУѪģĸ䲼Ѻۣƺһ紵塣
ȻҲʱ΢һЦˣϵƿʼɿĻָһǿʢϢͻأͬһصɽˡ
򣬻㣡
ЦʱʥƸ֣Ī⣬ȫ֮۶ɣֱһȭȪġ
䣡
һĿȭȭ˼̼գȪĽǰ
һȭȭϢΰ
ۣ
ѪˮŽȪֱӱᴩϳһǰ͸ѪʼѪΪģһıʴת֮䣬ֱѪˮ
ǣ
ʴȪԼͨҡȻȪ֮ǰĸǿ
ɺͼ˽Զݡ
һȭȻڻȪĵͨ
ңȻȪļչͨԸǿǿҡ
ΣﵽˡЩһʥƣʩڼϵйɱӱķԷ
ˣ
սУ⣬ʥƽ֯ʥ嫡
Ѫģʼۿɼٶȿʼָתۼǻָ
ã
ȭиտտâ
չۣԻ۷Ϊ͵ĶεӭսȪģԷεѹȼһͻ˼ļޣһ;ϴﵽ۷׶Σݻ˶ͨɽ˺йɱ۽âȭ⻹ǵȣԼ֮ӱĺ
Է
ΪԼݻͨȡôһ֣ǺС
࣡
Ѫ䶯𣬻ȪʴѪ궼ܵ˾޴˺һⴴأȴվûһ۳
㣡
죬Ŀľݣš
ţ쾹Ȼչ˺һͨңܣĻҪǿ
⡣
ΪȪӣվһˣһ̿죬ʥƣܿǲ²⵽˺ܶࡣ
εݻͨղšͨйأ
ɭ
֮ɱ䣬һ̣޵˵Σݻܷͨɱܷˣ
øл㡣ӵĮֱӶˣһǿԷʥһĻƣ֮ѹ䣺Ϊлµ


2286 
ʥƽ֯ϣתۼƵȪĽǰ
ܼʥƻ⣬һԷ
Ȫؾ۳ʱɫΪ԰ףͨؼֻһشΪ֮˼ࡣ
ֻ壡
ɭһڿѪչƺƵĳѹ¡
ĮԻ۷Ϊӭս̫ڵĻȪģ֮ԿһŵĴʥԣȪļѪһδεϡ
⣬ʥΪͨһ֣֮ȪļѪȻ£ʴˣȴǱʥһδε¡
ңڵֵЩѪͬʱѪĸʴ֮Ҳͬʱ
תۣǰʱȥ
Է
ʱһ̣쿪ڣһμԼͨ
¡һ̧֣һȭƥĻ͸ʴ
ʱǰȪĹɱͨڴ˿̼˫ĿȭâƳգ۵һǽȪٴλ顣
ѪˮɽȪֻʣδ٣־ŭ
̫ڣǻȪʮ֮һȴȻһ۷˵һ
һ̣ľ˥͹ȣ鲼ѺۣؾʧȥˣܵĴؼ
ŭǣشһģԼ
´Σѹ㣡
ͨŭѣܽеĹɱ˫ֱ޽⡣
ͨǰȫЧ
ɭôһ仰ֱӵͷߣתۼȥԶ
ߣһɲǼǽԷ£ֻͼƺƵѹ¡
һʱ䣬ʥϵϢֱ֯ӽȪ֡
ƣ
ȪĴҪֻͼ
Ȼȴã콫򵽵ΣսøǿȻȻҲǱøǿᣬңȪıص㣬һȫƲֻͼ

Զ˫۷
ĺ
ϾҲڡ
۲ãԻ۷Ϊһ󾳽蹵Ȫ̫ڵĵʮһսʤˣû̫صˣսˣʵǾˡ
ͨЩ£ĳЩʱпǿۣ

š
ҲڣԿ϶
˵ܽ˹йɱ˫ͨĳЩʱпǿۣһڼı
¡
ʥܾˣȪֻͼ֮¾һ貴Ŀʥԡ
ȻȴãʥԿ貴Ŀʵϣȴǲûжˣֻͼתۼ顣漴ֻͼһ𶯣ȫѹ
ֻ壬ſ
Ȫŭ
ߣֻնһεɱֱڻȪ֮ϡ
ɱר꣬ʱʹûȪ̲סһƺߡ
ҲʱһƱԴֱûԷڣǿеѻꡣ
֪ȪƬսЩˣɱƬӪںδңҲѳھġڤɲɱƬʵſ
ȥ
ȪǸоѻ꣬ŭ𶯣ų⡣
꣬һ̾ҵųıԴ
ߣٴμֻնεɱһڻȪϣʹûȪ̲סƺߣԷڵıԴųʱʹܹ˳ѻꡣ
ˣתۼ䣬ʮȥ
ʮıԴӶԷ˳
Ȫŭ𣺡࣬㾹
첻˵ʲôֻͼѹ£ֱӴ϶ԷĻ۵һֱ顣
ѰԷ֪꣬˲ٶһȪʮ⣬ŸҲһˣһż̽Ѱʲôǿĵһӣ̫۷塣
⣬һɱƬǲ٣ʮڵ̫ϳ죬Ժֲܿ
ͬʱȪƬʱսӪںδҲһ˳
һڤһɲһɱƬ˵ȻӶ࣬ͬȪǰ㣬ҲʮӣսϺͻȪʮӲ࣬ɱƬ棬ңЩӣƺ֪ˣ׷Ѱټ
һ棬ɱƬǿҲڵ𣬲ȻȪҪһЩ壬¶жʮڵĴɱƬ档
˶٣¼򵥵ĺµ˵
һʱ䣬һ˶Щء
Ĵ𣬺Ĵͥɱսǿ̫ˡ
΢ֵ÷ЩǣĴûֱ侳ɱôҲҰοˣ˶ٺֿڣ򼸸Ůӣ£ȥͨǣ䣬һӵʮͥȥȥ򣬰ˮˮҵƬ磬ȥǽӻأȻȥһƬһЩˡ


2287 ټ
ͥɱ棬ʼԺĴƬǿȫĵطˣˣǿеһЩѣЩġ
䣬ͨǣһͬսҲ٣ɲǸѾͷ£żǣӵʮǡ
Ƭ棬ʮǣ˵ȫĵط̵ıݡ
Ҫǰ򣬰ˮˮáԼѧԺĸ϶ǻѣж񣬴٣ǳ⡣
ȥһƬߴ磬ݺΪʧ׹Ƭ磬ƬڵһСʮʱ䣬ǸѾޱϤ̵УЩڴѡ
ڴӵǵĳգõʲô£ҶͯСѾǿŹϲʮ֧ͥͥڣǿɽԾǿŹ֮⣬ǿŹػ
ңҪǣ֮ǰº̺ޱߵɱڵڵĴڣҲκε
עⰲȫ
¶
ͷҲǣʲô£Լİȫڵһλ
ȥͨǽӽ䣬һ˵İȫǲ̫ģϾһ˸ͨΣͶǽ˵ΣսǿᣬⳡУܹвǵˣࡣ
ǣһڣսڵڵĴڣҲɴһȫˡ
ͷû˵ʲôɺͼǣͨǶȥ
עⰲȫ
ɵԶԶĴһתۼʧҰС
Цһ˲ƬĴһǿ˹ȥ
ͥĶܿ죬ʱѾƬʱս켶ǿڴ˵ء
طû˵ʲô΢䣬ֻؽâ죬طͥսٵͬڵ켶ǿߺ͸һ콫ͬһʱĨɱ
漴ֱͨŻУ˲Ϣ̤
ɱ
ںɱ죬Ѿͥʿ̤УƬпɱ¾
Įһ䣬Ұ֮ڵ콫ɱһ˺ŻһƬɽȺڡ
ɽȺڣɵʣȻɵ֮ʱɴһʱ䣬þڣ

ҽдž֮ɫѪζŨ
һһǿ絽б󵱼ΪǰһĻ΢㶡
֮ǰҽУΪͥһ콫ɱڲɱбɵӣµΪõİΣżϾûСʱ򣬾бڻΪϧֱӴ߶бɵػɱʲôΣ
ֻǣ̤бǷ֣ͥһ콫ȻɱбɣǣţǵȲҽȴѹǳɵĵӣǳͥɱһ콫С̫طĨɱһһ콫һ콫ը
ףСӣҲˣ
죬˹
ѽ
С̫ȻȻҲǷ죬ĽƯһƬ콫
ǺһҲ֪ãҲ֪ˮˮͰˮˮԼͬսĴʼǵ뿪ʮǣɱǿգһʱɱ򱣻õȫ
룬ǲŸ̤򣬸սбɲˡ
磡
ԶһŮӿڣһϲɫȻãôȥΪøǿˣҲԽƯˡ
ɡɵ۴ˣɵ۴ˣȻˣ
ڣڶ࣬ۼط죬ҲǾϲ
ǰЩʱȻͥɱɽȫǿУϾ֧򣬵ʿ㲻죬ȴҲ֪졣
̤С̫ڣû£Ƿ
ͬһʱ䣬ϣƬ⸡һʱ佫ɱбɵͥǿȫĨɱһ˽ǰ
磡
õӭȥһЩطϲɫѾܾûˡ
ЦõԴ
ɵۡ
Ա߻һȹŮӺһߣǰ칪
ǰˣˡ

ߣȻ֪õүүΪбɵǰǿ档
ΪѾԶԶߣڶԷȴǺܿ
ͬһʱ䣬һԵȹŮӣȻҲϵãΪãĺʶѣû
ȥ֮󣬶ԷЩһֱһ
ãͥ£ӦöѾ֪ˣڣѾʼΣգȻ֮ϧڣòˡʲôҪĶҪʰʰ£Ҵ뿪ȥһط
õ


2288 ĹȺ
κŵ֮أǷǳҪбɸشȻʱֵ𣬾֮طǳҪҲò÷
Ͼ̫ΣˣͥʱɱС̫ǣһֱطǣֻܽǴʮȥ
ǸطӡУǵǰƬΪȫĵطˡ
ûʲôҪ׼ģ߰ɣллǡ졢С̫л漴ֿطһͨӣִͨºͨǣ磬ܲܡܲܽҲһߣ
ôʣطһڵӡִºͳ϶ɵÿ졣
Ȼ

б£طгˣ˵㲻ʲô
лл磡
õл
Щӡִºͳϣһɵˣǲϣ¡
лɵ۴ˣ
һڵӡִºͳϣҲǼд
޷
Լ磬úбһȫС
õΪߣΪ㣬Ҳȫġ
ȥˮˮȻȥѧԺ
Сֱ̫ط˺ŻһС
֮Ⱥȥ˰ˮˮڵһ壬ˮˮһ磬ȥڵطԼʿ磬˺ѿռŻȥ˵ѧԺ
ùϷϷƬԵӭսսҲõĹޡ
ѧԺڣɱ콫࣬ҵжĸϣҪ뿪ȻԷȴǲԸ⡣
ϣһ뿪ǣԷȴҡͷҪս
գ첻ټ֣ȡһͨ۷弶ı͸ϣעԼ֮Էս
ף·ʢ
··ķƣԷ£ΪƬضսԸȥǿϣԷ·ԶϣԶʢҲǣϣԷһֱš
˵⻰΢΢
һˣԶֵء
漴ط˺ŻСֱ̫뿪ط
սȥѰĹˣǡ
һۣС̫ʧڵѧԺ
С̫зУúǽһƬ硣
ȥƬǳߣЩѾͥ콫ֵ磬طǷǳ
С̫ռ䣬ʮ֮õǸӴ
ֻǣеĴѾȫģ˸ľ꣬Ũ˼Ҵа򻧣ѾǼ򵥵ĴˣԳƵһ޴ˡ
Ҳʱ߳ʮˣǷǳǿʢϢ
һ۾ϳʮˣǵСһ̵ꡣΪΪﵽ˽ɼԭ򣬹ȥôЩ꣬Щ˵òûʲô仯
ͬʱΪطûڣܿҲǱʮ꿴
졭磡
£ʮѣˢˢȫ˹һ˷ܡ
쵱뿪һֱŬ׼ٱǿһغ뿪Ƭȥ׷Ѱ죬뵽ȻƬڣּˡ
ǰǿˡ
Ц
ЩˣǺܾúܾûмˡ
꣬ǵءΪӺƬսΪԼǵֵ˶ᣬЩ£ɻǵá
Щ궼Ǵɾ磬ڵȫ޷ȣ뿪ǸʱѾǿ̫̫ˡ
Ǽ򵥵˼䣬漴Ǳʮ˴ӵӭ󣬴ȫ˳вϵã;ӵˣд󲿷ֵˣǲʶһЩס
֪ܿ˴ӱ仯˵ԭ򣬵һĴ꣬ڱǿ󣬽ıƬ磬ƬطһЩȫӵһټЩ˵ĺۼǱ޴䡣
⣬ʵҲǴһƬĻߣ磬ôЩ˿ȻҲδǧ
˿ۣ˴ѣ۷ʱ֮һӵǣҲԶԶࡣ
ԴҲֻп£򵥽ͥºʹ˵֪Լе⣬Ҫ뿪Ƭ硣
磬֮ҪսǺһս
һΪֺܼ򵥣УƬǿˣ۷塣
ң£Ƭ磬ִ˶ʿǿ
ԡ
΢ЦӦ
ڵǣĲλԶΪǿΪ
Ǵʮǣɵ鱦࣬ǿԺܿøǿ
ǿеսܺɱɽһ롣
Ǽ˵һЩ磬ȫڡ
֮С̫䲻ԶһɽȺС
ȥɽȺڣһغţԼʮÿһĹĹȻÿһĹĹϣȴǿģûĹ֮


2289 ż
ǣΪǼ˵ݺɱЩġ
һĹĻû˵ꡣ
ͷûж˵ʲô
꣬桢ҹԬƸݺɱʮ޹ͨ飬ľƻ¶ɽʧΪȫʧ䵽طʮһֱ
ʮͨˣȻݺɱȴվС
䵽طһֱǵ£ΪЩʮСĹ
Ϊ֪Щ˵֣ԣĹĹϽĹ֮
ʱô꣬ٴͽµʮĹܺ࣬ûκӲݣ֪ˣһֱڴ
Ϊ뿪ƬʱйˣЩĹ
վ˶٣һԴͨʮĹͬһԼС
ʼƬ磬ᱻƻٵϣЩĹ١
ЩĹԵɱЩ˵ڣǱٻ
ߡ
ĹƵڣкСֱ̫˺Ż뿪Ƭ硣
뿪Ƭ磬з֮Уû̴еúͰˮˮ˻ʮȥǴС̫һƬС
طʲô
¶Щɫ
ѽ
С̫ҲЩ档
ȥƬ֮ǰȥƬ绹Ҫߣ磬ȫǻĮһɫֲ궼
ˡ

֮ǰѰȪĵ֪꣬˻ȪƬʱսӪڣͬʱҲѰŸӵټ
Ǿ˷һżǳʱǴżڣڿǴż
ǴżƬڡ
£С̫¡
ɱǣ
ۡ
ѵǺȲ裿

ȪʮӣڻȪԣش
ʮӣѾնһˣŸӣȻ֪ټȻҲնˡ
ͬʱǴżҲЩ⡣
ϾȪŸӣǿ˾̫۷壬ȼ˶ĹżԲͨо˵ջ
ǼˣʵΣ
ʵ
ǿ̫۷壬̫ڣ޵˵Ρ
ڵ
ʹ̲סۣǿ̫۷壿޵˵Σва
ĻЩļ£ľŸˣ̫ڣǿ̫۷壬Ҹ޵˵Σһսжֲһʱ䣬֪ۣȴ̲סġ
ϾΪֻǻ龳ѡ
ġ

ûй˵ʲôСֱ̫˺ŻúƬһλá
ȥǰһƬɽȺɽһһΰɽȴǹͺͺģûһɫֲ꣬һݶ
С̫ֱӳɽȺȥ
ǴżƬɽȺڡ
ɽȺȥٶȲ죬ҲܿǿȥԶӹȥ
ӹȥҲʱƬɽȺģȥǰʮɽһÿһɽĵƹӡȥƺǱԽȥģоŸǰˣĿⶢܼĵƸӡ׼ϥ£ȥ֮ǰһ·ƽʲôʱŸո̤뵽ط
ǡ
΢
Ÿ꣬ǻȪȴȪŸӣΪѹȪĵ꣬Ȼһ۾ϳ˾ˡʱȴǶݵĽ˺ˣĿĵƹӡϡ
Щƹӡǳķ£ʹȻڵһʱ俴
ȻȻûڵһʱ俴ЩƹӡȴǸоЩƹӡľˣƺ̺ĳ־ʥϡ
ԱߣС̫ҲǿЩƹӡΪЩƹӡ
ͬʱǰȪľŸȻȻǷһ޵ĵƫͷӽһ
ֻ壡
һ˿ڣâֱǰĴƬա
һϮΪȪ棬ȪһӣΪ̫۷塣
Աߣˣǽâ⡣
ͻȪͬΪȪӣڻȪݲͣȻ֪졣
ĿʱʮɽЩƹӡƿھϡ
˺һЩ
С̫Ͱ׻漴ֱӶˣƬֻؽâԻһƬն䣬ȪŸȫС
ȪŸӸӱ䣬ھӻȪĶ龳ѣҲҡ
ˣ
ӿϸ֣仰
ֻؽֱۣ֮֯˶һ˴ѷ죬̼佫ȪС


2290 ʮʯ
ѷ̫ͻأˣȪȫӦǱ롣

ҽдֺ;һ̱Ǽžȥ
˴ѷպϣתۼʧ
Ͼţ
˸ȪӸɫ־ŭ
ͬһʱ䣬һλϣС̫𺳣̲סɴۡ
̫龳ڡƿ۷򣬾Ȼһ˲ͱСӻɱˡ
̲ס˿ҺȻѾʶ۵Ŀֲۻɱ֮ػһʮǿߣЩˣҲ̫ڣʱȴǲɵΪһĻ
ϾȻ̫ͬڣȪȴԶԶ֮ػһЩͨʮǿ߿ȣ߲̫ˡ
ֻ壡ܺãۣܲ
Ȫһӿڣӱ֮嫺㿪ʼڡ
߸Ȫӣɭŭâɱâ
еһ˾Ȼһ˲ɱˣһ󾳽蹵ɱˡ
ۣޱ˻ƶ˿˿ƵĻϡ
һӻȪ棬ڶӻȪӻȪӻȪңӻȪӻȪqӻȪѪڰӻȪ⡣ŰˣԵõĮ򶨣һϡ
ڻȪʮӵ䣬һѾӻȪһǿ֪ʱȻܽгЩ˵֡
漴Լһζˣ֮طݻһһУ֮ӿȡ
Ķ
Ȫ⺮֪۵ǿᣬʱֱӽε
ıѩһʱ両ֶȫ۶ɣתۼǽԲڵпռȫ⣬ط¶һ˲½ʮȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ȪӺ䣬һһ֣ε𣬻ǻ׺Сܼ򣬽Ժֲܿ
ǵһӻȪͨʮʯŸÿһʯ϶ӡһܼĵƣ·ÿһʯŶǴһص㣬ɢϢ˵˼㣬ƺֻҪʯһܽһжɡ
Щ
ѽ
ԶС̫ǲɵӣȪ弸Ӽֲ̫ͨˡ
ʱȻۣһӭ˵ͨȴҲһɾ޴ѹϾΪվǲЩ̫࣬ЩˣָǳţǻȪ棬ѪΪˣ̫۷ͷĸһ󾳽磬ʮʯţҲǸһִвĸо
ֻǣȻˣıȴûκα仯սøӸ߰
ûж˵ʲôޱߵ֮һһڵڵһʱ鲼ʮռ䡣
ˣԽЩȥֵ˵򣬶ƹ˵ͨ˱塣
ͬһʱ䣬⸡һƵʥƣֻһ⡣
ѹ֮ͨһɹ⣬ʥֵֻһһʧ
ԶС̫ʥƣɵýΪ֮ݡ
ǡε򣿣СӣѾ۷ˣ
ۡ
ʼڣŹȥãȻͽ۷壡
ʱۣºķѵʱ䶼Ҫ٣
ңٺܶ࣡
ͬһʱ䣬ȪҲǲʥƵĻϢ
εͨ˵
Ȫӱ䣬ǲˣԼ˼ͨڴʥʱ̼࣬ûܹ۷ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ȪȻҲǲ¡
ҵȼͨڲʮ֮һúֱȫ
ڰӻȪͨʱ俪ʼǡ
Ҳʱ𣺡֮ǰȫҵĹ
£ʱһѹ䵽˸ȪǰʹüӵԳ֣֮ͨʼӦ
ңͬһʱ䣬Ȫ󣬵һʱ両һ˳ӡ
˳ӺƵޱߵֱ֮ѹ䣬ȪС
ģҡ
ҽд˳дϻȪĻֱӽ֮ѹķ飬ͬҲһС
ϰˣ
ȪӦޱ֮һĻӾŭ
ŶãУһ˱ɱˣ
ֻ壡
ӻȪŭϯԵε۷֮ӿһ졣
Ȫǵһʱѹ֮ͬʱͨĸǿƺƵĳѹȥϢñ֮ǰǿͿֲ
ǵһӻȪͨʯŴ򿪣֮εɱͬһ㣬һƬƬޣ񷶼Ϊ֮


2291 һ
ӿ֮Ȫ߸һ֣ͨȫǿ
¡¡ģƬڣմϲɵһ绡֯
⡭
ԶС̫ԶԶĿսУǲɵĲ
Ĺʵ̫ˡ
սУӭ˵ƣܹо޴ѹȴûκα仯
ڣɲ֮ȥֵ˵ֻͨʥƺֻǿеֵ۽֮֯ȫѹ䡣
ˣ
⣬ʥʥ⣬ѹ֮޵
ֻʥƺʥ֮ͬʱԵֵ
ͬʱ֮ϲӿ֣Ƶ˲Ϻˡ
˵еۣȻǿᣡ
Ȫ
˵⻰¡һʮʯȫ򿪣εɱ֮ӷڣһ޴ħӰ۶أƿѹһС
Ȼһ̣Ȫĵһӣͨޡ
ǿΪվֻл龳ѣӲȫܣ
ʮڣ֮ѹ
һ𿪿ڣֶͨҲһʹط̼仯һƬɱ
䣬޾⣬˺ȷ籩ɱ˿ҲûмɵǴ˽档
ˣ
⣬ʥƻƣһޱ˵ٲƴӾѹԽϢԴԴϵӿϢ¡
ٲӭսȪߴӣ˵ͨϵײ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĽ棬ϢӿѪˮһδαŽ
ЩѪˮԼѪҲлȪ߸ӵѪ
һۣʱȥ
䣡
һδײѪ϶˲Ѻۣһ
ͬʱȪǸȾѪǵһӻȪ涼⡣
úúãֻ壬ۣòϣǿǳǿԻ龳ΪȫҵսƽȪ䣺սƽǾͿ˭ʥȺĹ⣡
˵ţ⣬ʥһԾڣɱˡ
ͬʱӣʥҲ𶯣죬ӱñһʼ䣬еɱ⺮⣬ҲһʼŨ
ĲԸϣ˺ս龳죬ֻܺսƽ
ǵΪǶߣҲǿһ󾳽蹵һսԭǴߵʤŶԣȻսڣȴȫûȡʤ
ãûлˡ
쿪ڣˣɵĮ
Ż䣬¡һ⣬ʥƹâʢһɿֲĻϢһȦȦâʥɱ⽻֯һ𶯰˻ġ
Ϣһطžҡƺһ̾Ҫ̮
㣡
Ȫ˵ɫ䡣
һ̣ͻȻɢϢ̫ǿˣ̫۷徳ĻȪһҲɵøоĲ
ңΪҪǣʱǵâʥâɱУǰ˸Եͨ͵֮ңԼͨ͵֮Ҫǿһ
ôܣ㡭
ȪӻȾѪ켤ڣѾ˲ˣʱҲǸоǵâʥɱǿʢоǵâʥɱж˸Եɵɫ䡣
һĻȫ⣡
죬һչֳǵңǵǿ
ԶС̫ҲǶɫǱһĻ
⡭
Ӳɳ
һĻ̫ˣ
¡
˵âʥɱâƵеս
һʼڣǼͨ͵ɱâȫӱĻǡڣ΢̧򵥶ƽĳ߸ӺԷ
ȭ⣬еâ͵ɱâ˳ȭƶһͨȭâֱӻգᴩһȫ֡
һ˲䣬ƥĹâûʮ
ס
ҽдһ˲䱻貶Ŀȭâûֱը鿪ͬͨҲһ
ĿĹâﶯ˷ڣֱȥ󣬽ƽϢ
˫Уֺתʧ»ָƽռģ
⣬ɫʥȻȻĸ֣̺֮ʹһǳ˵ٶȿʼ޸񽥽ʼǿ
ԶС̫ɵŴ죬ͻأıʣһɴ˫ۡ
ǰһ̣컹ںͼӼսȻֻһһѣһ𽫼ȫɱˣ
ңһȻǼеͨĵâɱ⡣
СӣղţǣʲôôģôôͬʱǼеͨ͵âɱңǼ˼ģȻӵǿ󣡡
̲סڣС̫һ˹ȥ


2292 Ϊ
죬С̫ʵ̫ˣ쾹ȻͻȻڻȪ弸ӵͨ͵âɱұȻȪǼ˼ĸǿֻһͻأ˽ˣֱ̫ˣŵǣǶԴȫ벻ͨ
ӭС̫ɻ𺳣ǲҵͨ
˵ţԼݻͨ򵥵ĺС̫¡
кĹֻҪܿ²ܻ˫ķȥղţͨ
˫۵ɵĸӴˡ
ѽ
С̫Ҳǵɴ˫ۡ
ǼµͨϵΨҶԾһУѹһУͨûͨԵȻʵԶԣ֪ͨԱµͨǿܶࡣ
ܽйǽâȭǵâ򣬶һ𣬶ƾż˫ܵķȥʵöԣδЩˣںܶʱһڵֱͨһڳɱ
ǹƣںܶʱͨҪ۵Ҫ¡
ͬղһɱȪͷųǵԴͨҪչǿܻҪǿʮҡ
쵭Ц£ϵѾȫָʱкС̫ǰʮɽȥ
ʮɽ壬ÿһɽϽǿ˵ƹӡС̫ǰӴЩƹӡĹĦɵΪ֮𶯡
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ЩƹӡҲǲɵΪ֮𶯡
Щƹӡ
¶ļµı顣
ܿ£

ǰĦʮɽЩƹӡһ̸оһɲɣͻ񵽼ϢͬʱҲӦһ־˵ĺ嫵ĵϡ
ֻһ˿ȵϣǸоԼЩƹӡǰޱССУͷ·ԼһˮݣЩƵӡһƬ
ҲǹԪĴ£
ƤӶɵþ
޾ǰٴڹԪĴھطЩƹӡ
Щƺ͹ӡ˸漴кС̫ʼ
һЩǿʱµӡȻҲ̺о˵ĵϣȵƹӡ̵ĵϣڼΪа
ңЩƹӡҲ඼ǼΪӵзǳĦܵõٺô
£طϥֻľתԴӿʮɽϵܼĵƹӡȥͲЩƹӡеĵϣͬʱҲЩƹӡ
һʱ䣬ĦЩƹӡϣֻԼľһ˲˼һƬĴռâ޾ɹЩâɹӰ죬ľ֮ǿʢвɵһһɵĶ·֪
žĽǿŶ·֪ӿ֣Ϊ翪ʼɶһ
޾ͷ޾ͷãã·յ㣬ɲϳԽ
·
УԽҡ
оâ˿˿ƣЩںڶ
ЩЩԭͨ˶֪ʱĦĵƹӡŵЩȴԽԽ䣬Լƺץʲôֵ˼ڤĶԽԽǿΪ
Ϊ죬ΪأΪ
ΪһС
Ħʮɽĵƹӡʱʱ񲻶ϱǿ
ˣʱţһ죬죬졭
תۼ䣬¹ȥ
䣡
֮һ죬𶯣Ƭߴ磬ͻأһƬ谵
λõϿգһ޴иֶѪɫһƵĽ֯ž죬һ˵ĻϢǵض£Ҫ
˻ϢһʱʹС̫һ뱻ѹ
ǣŲϵУо˵ĻϢۼ׶ɵõƫͷһԵ죺̫̫龳ˣ
ѽ
С̫Ŀʱ죬Ҳǲɵõֱۡ
ʱϵϢȰǰһʱ䣬ͻ䡣
µʱ䣬һ죬ͻƵ̫龳磡
С̫ǲɵļ£µʱ䣬ЩƹӡȻв׵ջΪȴǽԻδнȻ죬ȴǴӻ۷̫龳磬̫٣ĽĿ𾪡
ˣ
ʮ죬һʥı죬Ƭͻأøӻ谵Ϣøˡ


2293 ǿմѷʮ
رһƬ谵¡¡Ϣǵض¡
ʮռڣһһ쫷⿪
ˣ
һը죬ʱøӺڰ
Ҳʱ˫ۣâ֯
Ǽ򡣡
վСֻ̫һԶط
ƶϵҲһƶ
ܿ죬ھ뷽ŵڴԼ⣬һĻĮϡ
ȫʺ϶ɽ٣Ҫʲô

̧ͷŲϵĹôһ֡
ʱ䣬ʮɽϵĵƹӡһ̤̫龳磬̫׷ǻԵϢȻԴˣȴ˿ûмɵ
µ˲䣬ϣһʱѹ
޾壬κεĵֱֵѪӲӣ㣬׷ǡ
ͬʱɵҲһ𻽳̤̫龳֮ڱ̫鼶ıʱһϴ
䣡
䣡
䣡
׷һתۼ䣬ʮ׷ȥʮռ䱻ĽƲ
ʮ׷ȫֵӲӣȫǸͰԵĻѪ⣬ʹüʱ𷽲ǿ
ҲʱȫֵӲʮ׷ʱﵽ˳ܵļޣʼתֻֻضȣȥ⡣
¡
ʱ֣ӿʥʮ֮һһ׷
תۣʮ׷ѹ䣬һӰԻϢˡ
䣬η壬ӿһӭȥ
Ĵ촫ʮ׷תۼǱ
һʱ䣬ϵʧԵϢɿɢȥƬתۼǻָ
ĮУһƬƵĽһ绡˸
ʱﵽ̫龳߶ȣԸӦ¼漴ʱӦԼǿʥϲʶӼǿͣĸоӵһеɫʶø
սڻ۷ʱһʱ䣬ǿ̫̫ࡣ
ã
оâտտ
һ̣ﵽ̫ڣǿ߲ΣţٴζϻȪЩӣ򶼲չּ̧֣ܽĨɱת꾳£ţ޵С
˶٣ƫͷϵһƬƬɫ⣬ɵ׽бƬһ佫еɫռһתۼ۳ɵ
۳ɵϵӡǱøˣյϢŨ
ƣͬ㣬˼ࡣ
Եͷĳɳ⣬ٴ΢֮뵽ڡ
漴ֻһμ޾Զ³֮ǰʮɽ֮䡣
̫龳˰ǿߣ
죬Ŀ𺳣ҲЩ
̫Σνǿ߼ﵽǿ߲Σ˷ܡ
ѽ
С̫ҲڣģΪϲ
һЦ˶٣С̫أʲôջ񣿡
Ϊû̫Ľջףص֪ˣԵҲ룬սϣӦҪȰǰǿ屶ҡ

Ҳء
С̫
ͷȻС̫Ϊû̫ı仯սԭΪϣǿ屶ջҲǷǳľˡ
˶٣ǣʱ뿪طЩƹӡʮɽ壬ҽƵҵУʮ֮ͥڣǵʱͥڼڶʱ֮ڣΪӦöвСĽ
ʱֵܺС̫һֱЩƹӡҪӦԡ
ңЩƹӡܲͥȥС̫ܼҲüѩҹǡ˺һɱɽҲһ
ɲЩƹӡǡ˺ͥøǿ
У
ȻҲ׵ǰʲô
ͷ½𣬽ܼƹӡʮɽĴƬһƵڡ
ߣʮǡ
ֱ˺ŻСֱ̫̤У˲ʧ
һ̣һڿһſŴǻƣȻǿ֮ڡ
Ե㣬ǿѪζŨɱ֯ܿѪƮڿС
ȻƬǿз˲ˡ
ȼδƬǿеһſŴǣϵĴǽ
Դˣʲôضͥһ콫ɱƬǿգͥɱɽǿӡǿеɱԾԵƸȫɱˣʹǿѪζŨɱ֯ȴûκǳ
ɵ۴ˣԶʮӰͥеսףתǰϥд񣬹ͥɵ۴Ԥϵǰɱµɵ۴˵˿µɱȫɱҷδһһ𣡡
ʮ˶ͥţͥںǿĴ󽫣һδδصĸԴ£ʮ˵ΪǴ۷壬Ƭ
ͥڣĴ󽫣٣ǳࡣ
Ĳͷⷽ

ͻȻԶǿѿһ޴ķ϶ʹֹסĻ
ǿմѷ쳤ɿɣʮӰпϢˡ


2294 ɲʮ
ʮӰǿմѷ߳꣬Ƿǳˡ
̫ڣǿ̫۷塣
ʮˣлһĨ΢⡣
ӻȪʮӵʶУѰʮ˵Ϣ
ɲʮӣ
ԱߣС̫ʮͥȻҲʮˣһǸӦʮ˵Ŀ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ǿմѷ߳ɲʮҲǷˣӽ΢΢𣬽ϡ
ֻ壡һ˿ڣ죺Ȼ鵽ǾƬ΢ǿ֮Уǲ뵽ǿվҵˡ
ֻ壬ɲһ塢Ȫһ塢һڤһ֪
ɲһƬ󣬲µƬ棬һʮһֱ׷ֻټĳЩط̽ѰΪ֮ͥǿУ±ǿƬǿգ룬ŸսƬǿվ챾ˡ
Ƭ΢ǿգôãͥڻЩ
һɨǿգһſǳ¶һ˿ı顣
ֻͥͥһ֣дӲС
һΪɲӣ̫ڣµһ˲Ƕˣλÿջ㣬תۼǳǰһ졣
һƳնȥȻѹǰһ
ž
ޱ
쾲վԭأɲӺ˳ȥ϶ָӡѪˮƮǿϣУżݡ
һ˲䣬ط˽ǲɵñɫ
ɣɵ۴ˡ
ʮͥ󽫺ܼ
ûп֣ȴ֪ɲӺɣһΪ
ţɲĵӿ粽ֻǶԷȻȻ֯ŵϢǾԶȻһ̣ɲӱǺ˳ȥǵ赭дһƸɣʹǳ羴˷ܡ
ɲŸӽһԶݡ
ղš
һɲü
ǿ̫龳۷ǿߣţȻδζ֡
һߣɲסΣ΢ŭ
ֻ壡
ӵͺ𣬶ͷ¶˳ȳһ⣬죬ȻȴǡԼһ⣡
¡һֱӳ˵򣬵εӿͨݻһƬ𺣣ƿɷٻһУҼаϢԵúˡ
ವһֱӶˣһǳȥ֮ѹ¡
鵭Įɨ۶Էֻնɫɱ֮תۼԷڣݺݻڶԷϣ˲佫顣
ʱɲĵӣʥȫʧеҲһȥתʧһɶǿ֮ϡ
壡
ɲŸɫԴ䣬̧֣һѽӸץأ֣Էֻʣһǣٵˣδ˿
ʹţ
ֻ壬ʲô
һɲʵεڵһʱƵϢˡ
ͬһʱ䣬˸ǽչεϢޱȵǿᡣ
ɱطƵ
ӭѹС̫ãʮͥǸɫ԰ףδ¶־壬ıȴʹЩ̲סǲֻһɿֲѹԼϣǱһе˺ϡ
һ̣Щ˵ȸоʾʧˣ⣬˿˿ƵĹ⻪ɢһ˻ɲŸӵǵӴѹȫ¡
žˣƽĮڵǣӦҵĹ
Ż䣬ֻնٴμ
εɱת䵽˽ǰͻƾ˵ķֱӹо˵ꡣ
һ˲䣬ʥʧаеʧ̵ǿУȫ١
㣬㡭
ɲһɲʣǲϵĲɫ԰׵˼㣬ӽʱŤһţΪԵʹģ
ܿһ㻹ԡ
쿴ˣָᵯһɫ˲ϢԷüڡ
۵һһѪˮɽɲӦǿϣͬɲӰ㣬屻ֱӸˡ
ʱ䣬طһ¼žмܵ
ɵ۴
ʮͥ󽫼
ǰǿµɲʮӣȻתۼͱǵĨɱˡ
ȻС̫ļ£һ̵ɴۡ
Сӣս򣬼ֱǡ
̲ס


2295 ͥѰʮ
ɲʮӣ̫龳ǿߣ̫ڣǿ̫۷壬Ҷǽе˵Σÿһ˶ǱȵԿҪǿܶĴڣȻʮˣֻתۼ赭дĽʮȫɱ
ս̫ˣʹС̫ļ£Եɴ˫ۡ
쿴С̫Ȼ֪ھʲôԴ˲û˵ʲô
Ǽء
ʮͥ󽫵Сֱ̫뿪ط
úС̫ǿеһλá
ǰһŴǺǿգʰ쵣һϢȻʮǡ

ŸմС̫ոճһӰʮڳ˳ɣ֮ǰµǰͨǣѾǽһʮǣʱʮڸӦϢһʱǳ˳
ףϢﵽ̫龳ˣ
嵽ԣһ̣¶ɫ
֮ǰŸո̤뻯۷ѣ룬ʹﵽ̫Ρ
ոմﵽ
ЦԼŮܳ硣
漴ûڹⶺɡСֱ̫̤֮ڡ
̤ʮǣֱھͥ
صطºͼ˶ͥ⣬ȻǸӦˣɳǳӭӵͬʱ֮ͥҲһһ
죬þò俪ڣôȥԽĳˣ˿Ȱͼ꼸˲ллüλѽ
ͨһƬƽδͥ콫٣Ϊɱǿе콫ǵһʱ䱻ǿеһͥǿȫɱɱˡ
ȴ֮ǰѾͥյͥʹ£ͥƬĴʼĵһʱ䣬ºͼǰͨǣһȫʮȫĵطǸмǸж
û¾ͺá
ЦŻӦ
ͽһͬйһսѣսѡ
漴кһˣͥȥ
ͥڣǳռطΧ㣬ƽؼɱɽܶ࣬ʱȴԵЩտͰΪͥڵɱɽҪ֧ɱɽǿܶ࣬ǿеĸִȥˡ
ºͼһˣֱ֮ͥڵľ޴䳡ϣԼ𣬽áˮˮƬСڵȫų
½㣡
ˮˮմгǶ£һ¾˹ȥ˫۷Ź⡣
ӵһμ濪ʼͶ³羴ĺܡ
ڶͥڵĻѾϤ֪ǲû⡣
Цͷ
ͬһʱ䣬õ˱ųЩ죬ɵôܡ
磬˵ʮͥһ꿪ڣƬڵˣֿ£æ񣺡ɩӣ
ɩӺã
Աߣʮķǳ׳Ҳǿ£æǰ
ºأǵ촫֮Ȼ£Ǽ֤µĻҼСʱɡ
¶һ΢ЦͷҲϵЩˡ
쿴ǣֿõˣΪﲻϤһ໥򵥵Ľܡ
磬ʮɽųƬĽƳ
ʮɽϣƹӡܼԵúܷǷ
Щƹӡܲ򵥣ںзǷĵϣǶɲ򣬺ôܴ󡣡
һ˵
ڣһ˵ĿǶʮɽϵЩƹӡ֮ϣȴС̫һ֪ЩƹӡĴ⣬˽ǲɵöݡ
ȻǿҲɵ΢ȻоЩƹӡĲ
Ŷ°ͷȥѰءŶ֪ƵӦ뿪ʮȥսˣȽѰأǲЩƹӡʱڣսӦöȥӭսսЧϣϺܡ
˵⻰ͻȻһֹסճŹ⿴ȥ
ͬʱԱߣҲǿ⿴ȥ
Ȼ鵽
΢һ˲ʧԭأһ̳ʮ֮⡣
䣡
ɱһɱһƣ֯ʮϣȫԻ龳Ϊɱ󣬶һµת꾳Ϊӡʱ⸽ͥ󽫿ޱɱâӿŶʮԼʮߣΪ̫鵽תΣ˿̾Щɱڣȫ⡣
ɵ۴ˣ룬֮ǰһ˴ˣǿܶ࣬ʱڣԻɱ
ͥ
ͬʱܼɱУʮ̫龳ʮת꾳Ҳǿ죬һ
ֻ壡
˳
ʾǰͥ󽫺ˣͥƿɱ󣬿ɱеĶʮʮߣĮĵͦ죡


2296 ɱ֮
ܼɱеʮߣʶĲǺǣɱǶʮӣȴǶ֪һڤһԵʮӡ
֮ǰһƬɱɲʮʱ룬ͥһֱѰټ֮ǻҵطȴ룬Щôˡ
¡
ʮ⣬ʮɱڣЩɱ¿ӡ£ÿһɱޱǿᣬȻͥ޷ǵӳЩɱʱ֯ǵɱǷǳֲ𶯰˻ġ
һʮӺڤһʮӾУʮת꾳߾УʱʮɱԵ÷ǳıǼΪǱ
ֻ壬ɱʲôɸһս
һĵһӺεͨϣϢܾˡ
ȻȴǸ㲻ʲôЩɱУһ̫۷ĵһȫһڵת꾳ŸӣѾЩɱпסˡ
ųǿ㣬ͬʱƿд˵еۣҵһս
ڤһĵһӿڣӺ
ʮ⣬ӭ˵ĻĿƽĮ΢̧ʾͥͣתطɱ
һͥûгɣڵһʱɱžȥ
һʱ䣬طӿɱʱɢȥ
ڤ;ĵʮת꾳ߣڤһʮӣһʮӣʱ䶼ǲɵΪ֮
ڤһĵһӿڣĿϣĮǡ
䣡
ոճȥʮɱʱٴɱ죬Ҫǿ߽⡣
һ̣ԼƿɱһԴ߶ʹɱ֯ɱȸղһͥɢɱǿٱ֮ࡣ
㡭
ҵһսų򣡡
ڤһʮӺ;һʮӸǱɫһɽɱΪĳȥɱҪһսȴ룬һ̣ոճȥɱǱתɱֲˡ
쿴Щˣú˵ʲôһʮɱʱڡ
ԼսҪɱˣȻҲǺܼ򵥣ǣȻɱΪβã˼򵥵ļ仰Ҫȥһսûô
ﬣ
ɱһ̣ƿطʮɱһԴ߶ʱطƵޱɱâֱӽ֡
㡭
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽڤһĵһӺ;һĵһӵһʱըҲһ
ɱеڤһ;һԵŸӣƿɱޱɱâֱѹ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһıŽʮˣҲȫסһʱȫɱ
ת۶ѣɱУֻʣʮת꾳ߡ
ͬһʱ䣬ºɵʱʮڿһԡ
ڵûУҵѰ·
ߣ֪ʮĲжôܣɱԼĸ׺׺һڵǿҲܹơ
Щɱ󡭡
ˮˮͽҲһˣʱʮЩɱ󣬲ɵýǵ˿
ɱʵ̫ˣ
¡
ʮɱ𶯣ɱһϢʮ졣
ֻ壡

ʮת꾳߷ֱڤһ;һ壬ŸһʮΪõϢֻѹ졣Ȼȴ룬ʱһԵʮӣȫɱˡ
ǸһһǿʮˣǳţѪˣѪ֮Ȼ嶼Ҫǿܶ࣬ȴһȫɱʧ޴󣿣
һ̣ʮ۾ˣֱӷ衣
ɱ
ʮŭ𣬷ĺʮɱ˫ĿѪĶ죬졣
һƬĮһתʮɱ߶ĸӷڡ
ʮɱ󣬳֣֮˺£һ̣Щɱ߶ĸڣЩɱɢɱҲȻȻøӵĿֲ
ƥɱ⣬һƬɱ󣬺ƺƵĳʮת꾳ѹ¡
ʮת꾳ŭȫ⣬ͨâ֮һƼ
ȻʱЩɱԴ߶ɢɱͲ֮ǰЩͥǴ߶ʱȣʮ˵ĵֵһȫá
ʮת꾳ǿߣͨâ֮ת֮㱻ȫѹ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһը鿪ʮ˵ͨâ֮ɱɱâƲѹ䣬תۼǽʮķ飬ͬҲһ顣


2297 ħ
ɱâ⣬ӿȡ
ʮɱУֻʣʮߣ֮ǰɱâдȴҲǸǱѪˮ
ǵͦܿ
쿴ʮˣоЩ˵Ϊתͷֻһ˿̤ת۷Ρ
ȲεΪһڤһѪܵסղŵƬɱâǲ⡣
˵⻰΢һٴδ߶ɱ󣬱ǿɱâ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģޱɱӿֶÿһɱⶼƺһС
ƥɱһʱ佫ʮ֣ƺƵѹ¡
ʮ˫Ŀ죬ŭ֮һƵĻϣӭЩɱ⡣
Ҳʱǿպͻأ֣һһϮۣһһϮףʼһֱ𶯳ӿɱâȫķ顣
ǣ
˶ʱɫ
ͫ΢ڵ
ʵףѰȪʮӵʱʱϳͻأֵߣֱǾһڤһɱƬڵ̫ϳϡ
ɱâ飬ɱУһڤһʮת߸¶ϲ±Ŀɱ
̫ϳϣҡǣȫȫֻɱ󡭡ˣ
ǣҲ
Щת꾳ϣֱһڵ̫ϳ߬˫֡
ʲô
Щ˵طڵǿߣɫͱ䡣
ǸһʮӲֻѹ죬ΪһڸһʮӺʮϸҲŶȴ룬£Ǹһӣȫˣ
ǿǸһδǿս
һʱ䣬ڵǿͬЩת꾳߰㣬˫ĿԱó

ĿɱâԶס죬ͬһʱ̧֣ĳѹ¡
ңԱߵ¡ɺС̫ҲһС
ѹš
ڵ۷壡
쵱ݣ룬˵ΪѾﵽڵ󾳽ľͷ
ȫ߶طʮɱʹ֮𶯳ޱɱâӭϣ߽һС
ֻǣʵ̫ǿˣڵ۷壬ɱ󣬶ԸȼˣվЩʮɱɱ⣬ϱ顣
ڣϿʮɱʱһƵĳѺۡ
ֻ壬㲻к³Եˣ
ɱڣʮת꾳ߺĿĺ֮⡣
Ǹһ̫ϳϵˣԴڵͷǿ̫ˣȫѹʮɱʱǿˣڿʬ塣
ɫúܳأԱߣС̫Ҳ⣬ǰľ̫ˣ
¡¡
ɱڣ޾ɱâӿ콫ʮɱ߶ޣɱ𶯰˻ġ
ֻǣڵͷˣɱֻܹǿֵûá
ҧһ߼߶ʮɱͬʱޱ˶ʱԻ
۰
ͻȻ䣬һʮǿնɵΪ֮
ɱϿգӰ֣һ꣬һ毺õŮӣԺܻ꣬ȥȻģ˫ȴǲɣ䵽㣬·ĺڶһ㣬ֻǼ򵥵վƬǿվͷ·Ǳѹ˰㣬ǿе޾ǻԣƺһ
ˣ쵱ݣǿ꣬ͫ׶ɵ΢΢һ
꣬ԷϵϢӦ磬ԼȥµʱռʱһƻӰǻӰϢһģһֻǿԶԶꡣ
ͬʱǸŮӣԷϵıԴϢС̫Ϊơ
ѽ
С̫ɴۣʱĿⶢֱֱ꣬ĿŮӡ
ԱߣɡͰҲݣȻ£Ҳǲɵ΢
ͬʱɱУһڤһڵ̫ϳɫ
ħ㡭
һ˿ڣ΢
ԱߣʮϣҲǸ
Ȼǣ
һ
꣬ʼ棬ͥǡħǸǿڡ
һ̣꣬ˣΪ֮ͬػһǰǿȺǰɵС̫ʼ棬ΪλѪΪ⡣
꣬ʼ棬ΪȻڹԪΣ
ȾġȪڤɲĴڵǿڣҪǿ
ͬһʱ䣬ԱߣҲľȡ
ǣ̫ġ
ɵۣɵÿһԵС̫


2298 ɱ
ڣڣ˶Ƕݡ
ʼ棬Ȼʱˣ
ѽ
С̫˫۵ɵĸˣԼһʼ棬ֿԱߵŮӣ˫΢΢
ͬһʱ䣬ŮӵĿȻҲС̫ϣһμС̫ǰ

Ůӿȥǳᣬ˻УЦС̫˫֡
С̫գգۣӦһ¾˹ŮֱᣬҸУĴ۾ֱС
Ѫޱ׽ıԴӦɣĸס
ʱô꣬һμԼĸס
ŮЦͣѾ޾£ʱȴŮ㣬С̫ͬС̫㣬¶һҸС
СһڼԼĸˡ
һߵ
ϲ̫壡
Ҳڡ
쿴СһʱԼĸ׼棬ɵҲСһеˡ
С̫һҸſŮϣֺܿ췴ӦŮԣΪŮӽ죬̽¡ɺͼˡ
죬ллչҵĺӡ
Ůӿڣл
ȥǳᣬҲǺдԣµҲл
ǰˡ

Ҳʱವƿ𣬾һڤһطڵ̫ϳʱߣԶת޾Զ
ͬһʱ䣬ŵʮתǿҲһߡ
ʱС̫ʼ֣ЩҲΪ֪ʼжֲڵǿҲס
ʼ濴ʮߵķû˵ʲôΨһɵģȴΪ˵Ϣӿͬˮһ㳯ɢ
תۣ۵ģѪˮһըʮһ⣬ǵһʱը
꣬Ҳһ𣬳׵Ĵؼʧ
һĻʹ첻ɵõһʼ棬֮ػһǵȴ嶼ɵħȻô׾ͽʮ˸Ĩɱˡ
뵽ԷΪǴڹԪ󣬱ֺܿȻˣΪҪĨɱڵʿʮת꾳ʿȻǼǳ򵥵¡
Ҳʱ΢һʼǰһ˲˲Ŀ˫ۣۣһμܲƿص˫ۣˣܾˡ
뿴˫ۣԪ棬Ӳɵñø䡣
ǰˡ
ǫѷͬʱ΢΢ĳŶԷ
ǿޣֻʵѡ
ʼļ򣬺ˬʡ
ɱǫѷЦ˶ٺ󣬷Ըͥһɽطʼʮͥ
ͥڣС̫Լĸ׳ʼſԼĸϣҸ
ǾãӹȻǺĸ׽ǰСһԼʱԶûĸ㿪ġ
ЦЦû⣬ʼ£ú֪ʼǰԭһֱڱչأС̫ĸػڲǰŸոͻƵԪΡ
ǰôǿҪֱɱǼ壬Ǽ壡
һʼԻʱɵÿڣ
Ѿ֪˾ġڤȪɲĴʵڵǿҲֱֻ侳Զûʼǿ
ô˵ԱߣꡢŶ˶ǲɵÿʼ档
Ӧûô򵥣Ǽ̫ƾˣڶǱĳ磬ྪֶβţûôõ١

ʼ濴죬΢΢ͷ͵ĵĺ͸ŵǼǿȻֱֻ侳Ҷԣûκһ˿вԣǣĴȴǺܲ򵥣ðȻ̤Уƻ߳
⻰ЩʧͬʱҲᵽǼĵ֮£ʼĹԪڣȻֱԣðȻ̤Ǽ壬ܻ߲
Ͳµ£ûʲô仯ʼһЩ¡
һۣʱȥ
ռ䣬ʼ˲£֪˲ٶͬʱҲʼԹԪΪʮӡһɱԻɱԪκˡ
ңУʼ濴طͥ䳡ϵʮɽϵĵƹӡϳȷʵǹԪĹϴطرһԼĵϣΪ֮ͥãͬʱԼһЩоҲ졣
лǰ
л
ʼµһɵϣΪǸ£ʮɽϵЩƹӡô࣬ңԷо飬Ըش
޷չСһл񡣡
ʼ浭Цһ뿪ʮǣҪȥһЩ¡
С̫ĸûʼһ뿪ʮǡ
ϾʼѾأػˡ
Ŷ֮ǰ˵£°ͷӢǵľټȥһһһһ֮ǰҴЩƹӡԼǰµǹɵϡ
ʼ棬Ŷǰ¡


2299 ̫۷
ƬĮڴصʮɽ壬ЩƹӡǳˣΪԪǿܵõĺôǷǳ޴ңʼ뿪ǰһɻͥڣЩƹӡӾˣߣһ򣬽֮ϴ̼ôӾ޴
뷨ǳ򵥣ȽսİƵȫһأͥһɱɽǿգһɱɽҲٻһ򣬶ʱڣ˶ʵټȥսսϣҪںϲ١
νĥ󿳲񹤣ˡ
Ŷ˼֮ݣܿ˰˵ľλãϸĸ֪졣
á
ͷ
£һ죬С̫һ뿪ŶݳİƵ˵ľټֻķʱ䣬ǽһȫѰͥ
ͬʱҶͯСѩǣǿո򣬽ͥһҵɱɽһٻصھڵͥ壬ͥ䳡һصĵƹӡԼʼµǹɵϡ
򣬲ʱ䣬£º󣬻ͥǰ򡣡
Щɱɽ
ǣлɵ۴ˣ
һɱɽȵж˳羴ܿóЩƹӡԼʼµǹɵϵľˣıأǵ侹㽫ǴսأǷҪһһɱɽޱȸж
ĵر͹žȣǵսһһأҪĽǣδЩ¸κζԴ԰ǽ·ϵĸɻ󣬻һеһУһڵɱɽǸӸжΪһԲɵ˸
ҵȱ׷ɵ۴սɳΪ֮ͥ
ǿɽ̲ס
׷ɵ۴
׷ɵ۴
׷ɵ۴
һʱ䣬һɱɽߺȣд֣أڶġ
ơ桢ԿȶѾأһĻ۴â
С꣬ĺܺء
С̫ĸױС̫ô˵˵ʼǸŮһ㡣
ѽ
С̫Ӧ۾ģԼĸ죬ǳˡ
˷ͥڻص̧֣һɱɽʱ
ãڣʱȣʼ
ͥ䳡ǳʮɽЯƹӡ÷䳡ϣʼµĹԪϴڴ˵أҲһⷽ䳡ϣһ죬¡ɺͼˣƺС̫ˣƺˣԿʼⷽ䳡֮Ͽʼĵƹӡʼµǹɵϡ
ⷽ䳡ϣһʱ䣬Խ֯նȾʮɫ
ˣ
ֻľת֮ǰʮɽϵЩƹӡĲ֮ǼԲͬʱҲһʼǹɹԪϡ
ʱ䣬ڣɫʥԽ֯ʱƣԽӵ財
Щƹӡʼµĵϣ䱾ԴʶûЩƹӡʼµĵڣֻرøøʡ
һַǳͨ͸ĸоָоתʥЩƹӡڵĵϺʼµĵϲϼ⣬һƵǿ
ͬʱΪҲ
ңٶȣǳ졣
һۣ¹ȥ
֮һ죬һɼǿʥ֯ŲʮɽϵЩƹӡʼµĻԼʼ潻о飬Ϊһﵽ̫龳ڣȽһ˵ͻ䣬ǿ౶
ԴˣܸӦûоʹͣ£ǽֻľתĸ죬ʮɽϵЩƹӡԼʼµĻϣ
ˣܿ죬һ¹ȥ
һº󣬺¡һһɰʥӿΪһδ
̫۷壡
оâ
ͬʱⷽ䳡ϣʥͻ䱩ǣҲڷɿ
ͨˣүҲҪ̤漶ˣ
ĺд
ΪĻ֣ͨصͨأͳΪ棬ڴﵽͨؾֻһͿ̤ͨأɾ͹档
үҲǣ
׻һͬ㣬һ˷ܡ
ԪǿµĵϷǳˣң콫ʼ潻оҲһˣԣһµʱ˵ĽǷǳľ޴
쿴һˣоһ˽ȡ˲׵Ľս֮һǰǿ˼࣬ȻҲΪ֮ˣ漴ڶ˶Ͷ뵽֮С
һۣǰ¹ȥ
֮ľ˺ܶ࣬Ϊﵽ̫۷ͷʱ֣ЩƹӡʼµĵϣѾˡ
Ͼ¶мޣЩΪϣѾнˡ
ŲЩƹӡʼµĵϣΪǿغͼ֪ø͸ֻоڵҲűʹһֱڶغͼ֪͸ˣ


2300 ֻ
԰벽ʱĵЩһֱڲȻȴʼδ⾿ʲô֪ǳǿ󣬵ΪδʲôЩ꣬ûսʹΪԷӳܡ
ȻŶʮɽϵĵƹӡԼʼµĵƹӡĲΪﵽ̫۷壬ҸҪǣص֪ͼ֪ԽԽ͸ڵҲʱĸоб
ΣУ
н֯âʱԿ϶һΣһ
£ֻľתľȫͶ뵽Լ֮ڡ
ľȫԼв򣬶ʱ䣬ʶȵǰ㣬ƺǴг˳ȥ뵽һƬʵĴ硣
Ƭ磬ǳĺ嫣ʶУʱĺܿ죬ָͬɳһţǣͬǰ㣬ҹת۽棬ļɿʢݰܣݰܺ󽥽ճѭ
ʶ˵ȫƬ磬ԼģһĻĻƬ֮ڣٵľҹתʹﶬĽ棬һһεĿŻľήٴӿή̣ѭ
һĻĻǺ⣬ʱ򵥵һĻĻȴʹͷһһεΪ֮΢ıԴʶıԽԽӨ
ͽƬ磬Ƭ磬ǳžλãͬʵڡ
ʶԽӵľӨĸ֪УƬĴ磬ޱȵƺһʱɴһıƿ޽ӽʡ
ʶƬ磬ģվԭأ磬ƬڣһƵӿ֣ڣưһС
֮ǣҹļȼ򵥻棬ٵչ
ʱ䣬һһš
ת۱ա
ռ䣬ƬڣʱԽԽ죬ĵԽԽŨ
תѭ
Ƭʴ磬ϵĿ½ļȣһ
ʶ˫۱ޱҲޱȵ䡣
ĲУԽԽ̤һܹϤ
ˣ
˫ۣˣƬ磬ĵâĵâһ̱÷ʼһƳ£ʶڡ
ƬĴ磬һͻأһɹɿ磬ڣҲһС
վԭأʶ壬âӿ룬â֪ͫʿʼס
תѭܶʼϢʶ󶯣ǡ
嫹ʵĴͻأһ˲㲻ˣʧ˰㡣
ܣתۼ仯һ档
һͬĮĿռ䣬ŵĲɣһƬ谵һ·ƴԴطͨδ֪޾ĻӰϣŹ·ͷȥ
Ĺ·ģ޾Ļǣˡݡ󡢹ȣһжǰУƺһž޴̴У֧Ŵת
һĻĻʶٴξӿʶâӵӿ
֡ء
ִƮ޾Ļǰž޴̣һγʶڣʶҲ˲عڣ˫Ŀʱޱ貣һƵӿ֡
䣡
ͥ𶯣â貶ĿΪݻ籩
һ˲䣬˽Աоѣ뿴죬Ϊ֮󺧡
ˣ
Կߺȡ
ͬһʱ䣬С̫ĸסơҲ̿ڣ䳡ˣڣڵһʱٺˣתۼ뿪䳡ķΧ
ͬʱɳ˵ͥ䳡ϣתۼֻʣһˣ⣬â貶Ŀڽεɱ䣬ΪģһȦһȦĵ⽻֯һһɵ쫷ӣģĵâ貵ޣһɺ嫺Ͱ絽Ϣ֯ȴ˻Ҫ嫺͹ưؼһС
ӦϢС̫һʱɫͱ䣬̲ס͵ķ
ֻ֡ءֻϢ
ȫˣСֻ̫·ѣֻܹصϢڣͬǰˣһ̣Ʊƿɴɢ˺ֻ·ͬͬԴֻϢ
䣡
貵â֯䣬ϥ䳡ϣһ̣֮
Լ䣬˻֮𶯰˻ġ
Լ䣬޾縡֣Ųɣ
Լ䣬ͷо޴ĥʣ֧ء
ֻع⣬һ⽻֯ʥ嫡ϡ
ڣˡ
䳡⣬Ŀһ˲˲ϡ


2301 Դ
ھͽе۷壬µʿźһʱһЩģĸӦԼϳֻǣǸʱδֱӸ֪ʲôҪ
Ϊȵ⣬ϵشǰ֪ǻδӰƿصȵܣ޷Լľ衣
ʱһΣǧȥһ죬֮ͥڣڿԼȵ
䣡
ʥܽ֯ʮ졣
ͥ䳡ֻصâ֯ϣֻع˿˿ƣ嫵¡
ϥء
ǣȻǡֻأ
Ŀ
ֻأƬصĸƬϵһֱƿصǵȵֻء
ܣֻعϢǰԣǣһ̣˶˲֪Ϊֻأ𺧡
ƿֻأ
Ŀݡ
ԱߣԿ顢ƺˣͰˣҲˡ
ֻأƬصĸ쾹Ȼƿǵ֮
ɵ۴ˣƿءƿֻأ
ͥһɱɾɵ÷
䣡
â쫷ϯ
䳡ϣֻصâֻ֮ʱƱøǿʢ
ֻء
һ̱üΪ䣬һ̶ϤؼһС
ִֻд⣬ֻصâֻ֮һηڡ
ʮڣһжֻϢѹˡ
䳡ϣֻصâֻ֮⽻֯⣬Ϊֻ֮ʵҲ𺳺𾪣Ͼֻȶ̫Ƿˣѹ
ԼһֱƿصȻֻأܲ𺳺𾪣
ֻǣʱǿн𺳺ѹȥ
ΪֻأڣҪļ
ˣ
ϥ䳡ֻ֮һƵⲻļ両ֶ
һ죬ؼ䣬Կһ̱㣬˫ڲ֪䶯ƾŴ˿̵ıǱʶһĪĵ֮켣
һʱ䣬𶯣ӿֻصâֻ֮Խӵǿʢ
ֻصĻɽ˰㣬˵ֻϢһһɺƵȥ
ʮŴ𶯣ؼ䣬޾âһӿ֣ʶڿ־ͿֻţͬǳӰ㣬ϰ˻֮ڣڵķĤݡ
ڲ
ס˸
ӿ֣ϣʶʹ˶о
Ϊ֮Ĳ
һ̣ƿֻص죬֮
ˣ
ֻع⽻ֻ֯صâƣѹĵ׵𺳣Ĳݡ
˫ֻĹ켣ԽԽأԽԽ£˫ֵĻһ̣ƺΪġ
ӣԽԽ䣬ŶֻصĲ֪ٵ
Ҳʱͻأ䣬ԺУһģ渡ֶѪըӰԶȥȻޱȵģȴʹľ
ȣ
ֻصâ֯⣬һ˲ɵÿȳһھѪ
ͬһʱ䣬ھһɽڣһŴ𶯣ڹӻʶܣĴһžӨԣתۻ޾գͥϿգͥĿ𾪵壬ڡ
ǾĻ壬侫ʱűǣͬʱ޾ŵľӨԣֱʶʶڡ
һ˲䣬ʶУĻ渡һһصޱȵ
һ͵С䣬ⲻԶȺڱܣһİޱϤףˣ꣬иˣкͯƺڶЦܰº͡Ϥ׹ѣѪһһը׸棬һһʧ͵С̮飬ʮӰ̤ѪͲԶȥ
ֻϢ׻ˣһοѪֻ֮Ľһҡ
ϣһƬƬռ䣬ס

˫ȫˣѪ˿һ֯䲼˳޺ʹ࣬һͷ˵Ұް㣬˺ѷε˻
ͬʱϢȻޱȻңȴڲϱǣƻɽ緢
˱ʣʹһ˸Ǳɫ

ʦ
磡
Сӣ㡭ôˣ
ɵ۴ˣ
ɡҶͯСꡢϦϾ顢һɱɽ̲סڣͻһĻסˡ
ѵǡ׻΢Ǻһս죺ļ䡭
¡
ҵֻϢ𶯣ʮռ䲻ϱ١
䳡ϣ˻Ŀ޺ʹ࣬ͻأֱӳͥ
ͬʱ𶯣
һ޴ͻأԲ񷸡֣ڣɫһһһͷͷĺɫħΣһ̾Ҫɱ£ƿɻء


2302 
кʲ񷣬ɫһһϢǵض¡
٣̤ת꾳ˣ
Ƕݡ
ܿ죬ٱˣ٣״ġ
ȥ
ɼˣڶμԼĸģȫ͵
Ҳƽռǰˣɣ˲뿪ͥ׷ȥ
ֻǣһ̣ٶ̫ˣȻǿҲ׷ϣ˲ʧȥӰ
ϵȴޱĿɣ˳׷ȥ
ٻۣ֮ģڡ
䣡
졣
ѾԶԶ뿪ֻͥϢޱȻңڴ˿̳һƬɽ䣬ֱ̤һ֮ڡ
ǵھΣյĽأһ̤е⳾Ƭ˲١Ȼһ죬̤Уȴûκβ
ֻع⽻֯⣬Ȼңȴܣ£Ȼһ΢С̤ڣֱӿСУתĴ
ǰһƬƵķʣʯľмԼԷֱһٵС䡣
ҵֻϢ֯⣬嵽ǰƵķ棬˫Ŀͨ죬һ˲ͬʧȥڲƵķ򵹣޳ֹסĲ
үү壬ӡ
ŲƵķ棬ˣгһİϤۣʹ˫Уˮһӿ֣˳ջ¡
ˣ
ͻأ𶯣лϢѹ
ƬռڣɵһƵ绡
һ˲䣬ʧˣռڵ绡Ҳһʧ
Ϣ䣬ϾƹƬУͷˣһ
иУȥĿϾƹϣ΢һ˲΢
ʦ
ˣˮӿ
֮ǰڵĺ嫻ܣıԴ䣬һһС
ʮӡ
Ϊ˱ƴȥɾֻ壬ʦֻأʦһֻأһֻأʦʦһת񣬿ϾƹȻòһˣϤϢԶǣĶʦ
ǰΪʦһΪʦ
Ͼƹǰͷ漴ջأû˵ʲôΨº͡
Сʮ
ǰ۰Ǵۡ
Сʦܣ
Ͱǰж۰ۡ
Сʦܣ㣡
̫̫𡢵ʺҩǰдطļ
ǰϾƹҵǣʱѾ֪ǣ죬ǵСʦܣָļ䣬Ȼڼ
ֻǣܿ죬ͬͰ㣬¶۵Ŀ⡣
ָ䣬֪ǵ¾һʹࡣ
쿴ǣʣʦʦ֡ʦ֡ʦ֡ʦ֡
һУǰЩˣȻ˳
ĳޣͬڰ㽫ûޱʹ࣬һ̣ʱ򣬿ǣںڰѰһůĻ⡣
ᣬɵӿĸ̧࣬ȥȻŸղӿ
޴ʹ࣬ʹᣬͬ²סɽ顣
޾Ϳޣû˻Ц
Ͼƹ
»䣬¿ǰƬ棬ڷǰ
Ҳʱƿ´̤Ƭ򣬼ꡢѩҹ桢ϦϾŶ˽һЩǿɽҲ̤Уһ˲䶼ǿ졣

ʦ
죡
磡
ɵ۴ˣ
һȺ󿪿ڣĿȫϣʱȫϾƹˣȻмѾ֪ϾƹǴ˵еʱҲȫû⡣
ʱˣ졣
Ϥ΢֪ºˣȴûת
Ҳûг
ǿԼģ

ıӰɼˣѪһ̣оԼĸ׺ʹ࣬±ǳȥ
Ͼƹ̧֣¡
Ϊʦ룬Ȼ֪
ʦҹȥ
ɲϾƹΪν¡
һ
Ͼƹº͵
ϾƹɣϾƹ㿪ڣͰҲǲ⣬ϾƹΪβɹȥ
ͬʱʱע⵽Ͼƹ΢ɣɫͱ䡣
㡭
ԭΪʱоϾƹϵϤϢһʱɫ䣬ǷϢ
Ϣо
漴һԵһ𺳣ʥŮ㣬ô
ԱߣҲǶݣͬư㣬ʥŮļǵʥŮϢʱϾƹòȻȫһˣϢȴǷֺǱԴϢԲܻӦ
漴ݵˣĿⲻɵϡ
ǣǡǵСӣǸСһ
ƿ죬Ŀ𺳡


2303 

ıӰĿҵ˸
ȥսȾסһʱ䣬Ȼ֪СӣСӵĺܶ¶
Ŵƹڼһ죬оз˵ɹСתΪδоκһ˿ϤϢԷǸ롣
Ȼ񣬼ϾƹʥŮҲٲȻΪûκɻʱĲ²û죬Сӣ
⻰һϢʱʹðꡢѩҹ桢ϦϾ顢ŶͷӢ۵ԼͥһɽΪ֮󺧡
죬Сת
ϾƹǸ˵кų޵е
Ǵ˵е£ʥŮ
һˣһĿȻƵĻסˡ
ΨС̫Ͱ׻һ֪µδб仯Ŀʱϡ
ʦҹȥϾƹ£ɲҪȥ
ڻǺʱ֪Լ׵ݣҲ֪Ͼƹݣ񲢲ԾֻȥԼĸߡ
ΪݺϾƹݡļˣǻعĿ䵽ϣʱ䲻ٳԾݡϾƹԼݣֻΪ˿̵ġ
ľ״̬ȥǳá
ҹȥҹȥʦ
ɵִͻƿϾƹ
ҲʱԱߣռ΢¶֣εĿռ䷨ߡ
ǻȥ
Ŀȴʼϣһֱ͵Ŀ⣬סĲ
ƿؿռ򣬿ռ伴Ҳۣһ̣Ȼ챳ǣˣҲڲϵǣ֪֮ûʱתΪǿԼģ
Ҳȥ룬ǣȻо첻ǿԼģֻѹ뷨
ˣŮԼᣬŮԼһ棬
Ϊʲô
ɲ⡣
ȥ
µɺᣬıӰɣ֮ȥ
Ͼƹˣʼû⡣
ȥ֣ڶɽҲڶ԰˽
ꡢ桢ѩҹϦϾ˶ĿżͬɰҪ嵽ԣǣˣ˶٣ǰıӰվһˣһɰ㣬һͷȥ
ͬʱ˺һɽ΢٣Ҳһˣһ⡣
õĹ
µıӰ
΢ҪͷºǣȻվδת
Ͼƹ˶٣Ҳߣһ˾һ
ͬʱкˣһ뿪
תۼ䣬Ƭռֻʣһˡ
ƵķǰУֻʣƬ档
ᣬϻ䡣

ھͥ塭
´ɣѾصͥڣͰˣͷӢ۵ˣƺˣһͥɽصͥ
ͬʱ𡢻̫̫𡢰𡢵ʺҩʣҲһͥ
ˣͥ䳡ϡ
ʦ굽׷ʲô
ʷˡ
ѾָˣڡԸ˰ɣ
׻Ҳڣŷ
ϣطˣʱ򶼿ˣȻҲ⡣
ңƬķ򣬵˵ͷ
СʦܻʱһС峤ڸĴɽм񵽣СС໧˼ң峤ѮϥŮСʦ缺Ϥϣˣ֪СʦǴͨũ˵أʹҲ峤㣬СʦܺܺãССʦĺȰټ̣԰ټҷ޸ĸȴۣ˰顣
ֱһ죬ʮ˴ӲԶΪƵĽݻ٣С˶ѣСʦǡǸʱȥⲻԶĲԭϸ˱ܿһ٣ҲĿһĻԼ峤۰Լһֳɳ飬һ˲䣬УһһѪһһ꣬Сʦ꣬һ죬СʦʧȥС
ɡꡢѩҹ治ɵýǾһɫͱ䡣
ͬʱС̫׻һˣҲǸɫ䡣
Ȼ£һҲ⣬ĿžҲ
Ӱ죬ϣռһƵŤ
ɶ񣡿ɶ񣡡
ɽ۾ˡ
ǵ£尡
ǵ䣬꣬ʱͳ£
ʮˣ˭ͥ˶Բԣ
߬˫֣Ư˫Уӿ˳
ڻǺʱԼĸͻȻħʱ֪ԼĸСӣ֪Լĸ׺ͥޣȴû뵽Ȳ֮ͬ𣡵꣬ͥȻĸ£
ֻֻͥڤһ桢һ桢Ȫһ桢ɲһ档ֻһ̤棬Ƭҳʲô޹
ڻǺڤֻеһˣʦɱˡӹĻеһˣСʦֻ֮ǰʦѹ꣬СʦܵıԴ䡣
Ϊ˵󣬲ǰ㣬ҪǿĻܱʦСʦܵıԴ䣬Ļ棬ʹСʦֻ֮󣬿ƾⱾԴ䣬һССʦֻܵأͼ򵥵תֻͬˣ
ŵʦǸʶСʦܱԴͬʱҲ֮һֱСʦƵƬеĲ棬֮ÿÿʱÿƬڡڲǰСʦڻǺڤħʦʶĨˡ
Ǿֻ֪Լ˵СʦܺͥŲ֮𣬵ǺͥЩгȴǲǰЩʱϾƹǣͬʱҲ֪һЩ¡
С䱻٣Լ峤۰Լһɳ飬˶ˣһ쿪ʼСʦܱżȻʦ𣬰ʦ£ʼ·̫꣬СʦʲܺãǣΪ˱ʲô඼ԣֻҪܱǿֻҪΥ壬ʲôѧʲôЩ꣬СʦܵĥԼŰԼڽС
˵⻰ƺһĻĻʮ̫һ̲ɵ߬˫֡
Աߣ𡢵̫ȼʦֵܣǽ̫㡣

ᣬʣ˵Ļжֻʮ˵ĳޣжԼĸ׵ۡ
һֱԼޱȳĸףͱĳޣĥŰķʽУֻΪܹ
Щ꣬Լĸ׵˶ٿࣿ

С̫׻ҶͯС˽ŭ㣬һ۾ˡ
ͥһɽŭЩѵ䣬Щ
һ̣Ǻ޲ֱӳ嵽ͥȥֻЩȫ⽴
桢ơӢۺͺ˽߬˫֣ŭɱâӿ
֡
ˡ
ʦ
ꡢѩҹ桢ϦŶϾ顢¡ҶͯС꣬вɵöⷺ
ʼδڣǣȴǲĸˣϵĿռһѣͥΪ֮𶯡
طһ˲û谵֯ǧΪ֮
ס
½㡣
´ˡ
˶£ֻǣһ̣ûһΪʱΪɢĿֲϢеģֻŨŨ˸УеģֻΪŭ

ھ£ڡ
ڷǰУȫֻʣƬ棬ϡ䣬һϤڷԻƺڳ֣΢Ц
ᣬͬߵķݣϵ䡣
ˣ
⣬ֻʥ⽻֯Ϣڲ֮ǰԴǵȻܳڣǵȻ̫ŨˣڲѪУ֮ΪΪֻأֻϢֻعԻֻرԴһţʹľ񲻶ϱǣΪʱѾﵽתڣңڼ
ֻعΪԽԽǿϣƶΪģʶ־壬ūͳڹݡ
ȻһУ·ûκθоУֻǰƬ档


2304 ֻ
УľмߡϣֻʣЩ
ᣬŷ棬޳ʱʱĲ
ֻع⽻֯⣬ıԴʶűԴ޾ܣڲϵѪ⣬ľ񲻶ǿ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻֻ֮صâԻֻ֮رԴӦʹֻرԴڱױȵ貹ԡ
һ죬ֻѣһɡ
䣡
ʥӿΪǣתۼﵽתͷ
⣬ȴǻԶδԴĴܣֻعԻֻɣֽϣһ첻ϵɱ䣬ϵĽ
Ȼһ̣ڼֱ仯ȴ·ûκθоֻʣǰƬƶķ棬ֻʣỬ䡣
ʱ䣬ָɳš
תۣ¹ȥ
ºһ죬ľΪֻعȫڣΪת۷塣
һ죬ˣֻĿǰƬƷ档
Ҳһ죬Ƭڣ̤롣
´ɣͼꡢѩҹ桢ϦϾ飬ٴ̤
ͷǣ촽˶˵ЩʲôҲ˵ʲô

˹ȥ죬ƯĴ۾סĵᡣ
֪һֱԼޱȳĸ׵Ĺȥܡ
Ŵ˿̵ĸףŸϻдۣܡ
ж᲻ᵯ󲻾ã֪Լ׵£Ϊ˼СʳǡΪСϹҡΪײһеƴֻرԴһѹڰҡʮֵڤֽڤط⳾Ϊ˹ùħΪնɱǿߣԼĸôΰΰĸףȴʹᡣ

Щܣ᲻ϵ䣬մʪƯա
΢֣Ϊɲᡣ
µõԼŮѾ֪ԼĹȥ
Ҳ֪ǣҲ֪ˡ
֡
ˡ
Ͱʱȫǰж⡣
֪һУǸоںݴһ㡣
ǰͬ㣬ڷǰϥ֣ţ㻹ǣԶ㣬ޣʹ࣬ˣǺһе
һе
ͰŮһ𿪿ڣҲͬ㣬ԣϥ
޳΢µ֣ѩҹͰǡ
û˵ʲôֻصͷ¿ǰƬ档

棬һƬδ֪ڣϾƹվһңңĿڡ
һСʮˡΪһˡ
Ͼƹͷº͡
ûˣǼ
޾ռ䣬Ŀ죬Ϣ䣬һʧԭء

ʮµУڷǰ
ļ԰Сˣ峤۰һɳ飬Ƕļˡˣˣʬ嶼δ£Ƭ棬ǵ¹ڣǻ֮
¡ɡꡢѩҹ桢ϦϾһ𣬹ڴ˴
ʱ䣬һա
պһ죬ºһһ뿪Ƭڴֻط
ǣͥȥ
ǵһοڡ
أ

ɺͼˣҲ
ȥЩ¡쿴ǣģҲ¡
ǲټʲôɺͼ뿪
Ŀ뿪쳯ڿۣƫͷңңĿʮ֮⡣
һ̣Ϣ䣬ʧԭأǿУٴʧһƬĴ⣬ֱ̤С
Ƭ磬ǧƮźŨѪζΰɽ̮٣̤Ƭ磬ûʲô飬һ̤Ƭġ
ǰƬɵʲƵĽϣѪâ֯ϣƵĹ
ɵȺȥ
ƬɵȺΪȪһƬڵʱսӪ
ţࣿ
Ƭ磬ࣿѾɾ˲Ŷԡ
ɵȺ⣬ȪǿأΪǾͨΣ֣΢
ܿ죬Щ˵Ǳ˶ֱ֣ɨɱ⡣
ɱâ֯Ѫâתϡ
͵һѪâ飬ͬʯͷϰ㡣
ûκһ˿仯ͽУǰɵȺȥɵȺһڻȪʿ޶á
ɵȺһڻȪǿӽһ󣬸¶⡣
Щʵ
һͨصǿߵ֣϶ᴩ졣


2305 ֻ
صתۼ䣬䵽ǰϡ
һ촫飬ʧΡ
ޱ飬ǰ
ɵȺ⣬Ȫһǿ߸ݣһЩ鼶ڣһ
£ֱʮһ֣Яޱʥܺɱ졣
ת۶ѣʮǿɱǰʥ貣ˡ
Ȼһ̣еʥԺ̷飬г嵽ǰˣһһֽ⣬ҳɢҽжδܹ
ıûаֱ仯ڳ嵽ǰˣ޶ãǰ
⣿
ɵȺ⣬һڻȪǿ߸ɵ¶ɫ
һ̣ǰߣһʱ䣬һ˵ɫֶǱ
ǻȪ壬࣬㴳ңƺȫ޾ǡ
ɱ
˺ȵɵȺ⣬һȫɱȥ
ӿɱ⣬˵תۼ鲼ʮռ䡣
Ĳûκα仯ʥâɱ⣬һʱ飬ĻȪʿǵһʱֽ⣬Ϊɻҡ

кɵȺڣʮ߳磬Դڵ
һ˲䣬ʮ˽Կ졣
ֻ壡
죬ʮ˵Ƕݣжʱտտâ֯
ΪȪ̫ϳϣڻȪݼߣԼһ棬Ȼֻ֪壬ңкнҪƬѰҵֻѹأƬڵʮӽѾѰңȴ룬ʱֻ壬ȻǵսӪ
ɵȺһڻȪǿ߲Ϻ죬̷ֽ䣬ѾսľʱԼһڴ˵صʮ̫ϳϳ֣ȫˣ󣬵ż̫ϳϵĻЩˣһɵΪ֮󾪡
ֻ壿ǡ˵еǿ壿
¶ɫ˼Ŀ죬ǰˣǴ˵еǿ壡
Ȫʮ̫ϳϸӵĮһ˿죬ڵڣ΢΢𣺡ת꾳۷壬Ϊǲ
ﻹδ˵꣬ͫױǲɵһΪͻأǰ
̣û˿Ϣȫûпƶǰġ
ʹ̲סˣ㡭
ޱ飬һѹϣֱӽԷڵء
һ죬ѣѷͬ֩һӿ
ͬʱѹϵУֻع⸡ֱ֣֡
ۣ
ѪˮŽֻع֮£̼飬ͬ꣬ҲһС
һ˲䣬ط˾Աɫ
̫ϳϣ
ô᣿
֮ǰɵȺһڻȪǿߣɫˣֹסľ
ǵһ̫ϳϣڵڵΪȻһ˲ͱɱˣ
Щ˲һŸ̫ϳϣɫ͵Ĵ䡣
ղţǡ
ֻع⣡ƿֻ
⣬⡭
ΪȪڵ̫ϳϣЩ˵ʵ۽ȻԶһ˿ɱȣһ̣ϳ˷еĹâʲôһǲɵ΢
ֻ֮ǿƬأ֪Ϊϵ
쿴ˣɣžȥ
⣬˿˿Ƶʥӿֻ֣عⴿ⣬·صһС
ֻع⣬ȪڵľŸ̫ϳ̲סһ
ƬϵȻǵΪ߳ܶ࣬ڵ۷Ĵڣȴǲɵôӱһη塣
ηվûд̫ãһ̣˵ɫǱɭ
ֻȻ£վֻǲת꾳ѣΪ̫࣡һ˿ڣһϣȫѹڣǴһ
˵ţֱӶ֣ޱһʱӿƺƵĳѹ¡
ǵεؼǧӰԻÿһͷӰ·ʵĻϢƺɽһɡ
򣡡
˸ڵǿһ𿪿ڣʱεͨ
ʱ˵ͨһʮȫ֣Ϣ
ϵıû˿仯ֻع⻤壬ֻһͨдһǰ
㡭
ˣ
ֻع⽻̧֣֯ؿڣֻعֱӽ֮ûķ顣
꣬Ҳһзֽɢ
ô᣿
ɵȺ⣬һڻȪǿǸͲ
һһ̫ϳϣڵΪתֱɱһˣ
˸ڵ̫ϳǶֻع̫ˡ
Զ빥ҪĻᣡֻع⣬ƺƿصĲǺܴ죬ȥֻܸǰֻҪֻعвǣ
һߺȵڵڡ
£˷ɿ룬ھ켫ԶλϺ
ޱߵ򣬺ƺƵӷӿֻת۶ѱѹǰ
ӭû˿ҪܵĶ˫У˿˿ƵصƸ֣Ī⡣
˫ͫУһڳ飬Ϊ֮־塣
ˣ
ǰƬֻع⸡֣һֻ󣬵һʱ佫
֮֮ǰڵĽһֻԨ֣֮롣
۵һѪˮŽ仯Ѫʧؼ䡣
һĻʹ߸̫ϳϸɫ䡣
Ǿֻعƿƺ죬ƺֻڽʩչֻع⣬룬֮Զ죬вǣȻȴû뵽ȫֻع⣬ɿԹõǡ
һ̣ǿ죬Ŀ˫ϣһǲɵ÷
ǲƵ˫ۣϵƺпڱ١
㣬㡭
߸ڵڣһ̣ӭ˫ۣһɵõŵŵɵĺˡ
ޱ飬ˣˡ
Ϊֻأƿֻֻɣƿһ˫ռۡ
ֻۣ
һֻ̣ƬصľֻǼ򵥵ضĲӿ֣ŵĽŲ˿˿ƵĽ֯ϣҳϵĳڻѲء
ֻ΢ɨеһڵǿߣʱ䣬ֱ޾ֻع⸡֣Ӹѹ䡣
ڵڵĻȪǿߵ㤣һʱ佫ε߶ޣңԳֶȫһ̳𣬻һ᲻ɴݵķĻ
¡
תۣѹֻعķĻײһ𣬱ʥԡ
ܿ죬ȥһĻ飬ֻعƲļѹ䣬ֱӽûޱֻС

ҽ˾ֺ;ڵڵǿߣת۱ֻظ١

ֻأѹһУ
ߡߣ
תۣطʮڵ̫ϳϣʣˣ˴ڵ۷壬˴ڵڣһڵ۷˿ڣˣɿˣһ⳯Զȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ڵ̫ϳҲɫ԰ףһӶݡ


2306 ֻ
ƿֻ̫֮ǿˣһļ̫ϳϸΪ֮㤡
Ȼеڵ۷ǿҲ⣬һ󾳽磬ֻ֮ȴûа취ͷƤɵΪ֮飬ֱѡߡ
ವƿصתۼѣȪ̫ϳ϶ӳԶ
̧ͷֻ۵ƽ֯ŤƬֻع⸡˵ǰ·ضϣͬˮһ㳯˵嫵ֻϢ˲佫ء
㣡
ƿֻΪվǺܶ࣬ҪҵȱƵ̫ˣȻʤҲضҪ޴Ĵۣ
־ŭĶ죬ȴǴԵĻҡ
ʱ죬ӭֻۣǷԱܵĲ궼
ıûκα仯ˣƽĳȥ
ϣֻع⽻֯ڣҳսǰС
ȶȪ̫ϳ϶ʱӾŭ˲֣ңƽֱ̬ȫûǷС

ɱ
ŭ𣬸߶㣬ͨҲһڴ˿̳
ʱǶǳ첻Źǣˣֻӭս
¡¡ģ˵ϢǳˣһΪ˻սɢϢȷŸǿˣһʱǿһࡣ
ûκθı䣬Уֻع⽻֯Ϊһֻع⽣
ֻۣһУ䣬𶯣ƺһ߿ռǰУ˼ޱȫ䲻ϣôƽ򷨲մתһ˽ǰ
㡭
ﬣ
֣еֻع⽣ն£źϵĴֻϢ̰˻ġ
۵һֱӱΪΣȴվҪ֮ǰɱ̫ϳǿ٣ڵڣһȻˣȴδ𣬵뼱ˡ
̧ͷȥֻУƽ֯һƹԣ˵ԣֱֻѷ측
أ
ѷڴͷƤ飬ֱӽ˵С

ӾֵĲҽдֻѷ󴫳һֻ̣ѷպϣһоʹʧ
ŵĻȪ̫ϳϸһͨĻȪǿ߸ɫɷףһһڵڵ̫ϳϣ񣬾Ҳô׾ͱɱ
ƫͷŵĻȪ̫ϳϣûа仰ȥ
Ĳƽû˿ꡣ
ؼ䣬޾ϣһս
ĲȻÿһƬض𶯡
ͬʱ̧֣еֻع⽣ֱĳȪ̫ϳն¡
וּһֻع⽣նֻعУϢϣݿࡣ
Ȫ̫ϳϸĲŭеʥһһչ֡
ޱߵ⡢ޱߵĵ֮ޱߵͨԴԴϵĳӭϡ
ͣ
촫ֻع⡢֮һʱȫ顣
ؽڵƶһγһ˽ǰ
ﬣ
ޱ飬еֻؽֱĳն¡
۵һδüǱնķ顣
ԭ޾ֻع⸡˲佫֮û

ҽд̶˵ԭδֻع⽣±٣ȴֻع⽣ֻ֮ع֮£ֱ𣬳
תۼ䣬طһڵ̫ϳϣʣˣһ˾ڵڣ˾ڵ۷壬Ͳ
Źȥãʮڵǿ߾طնˣ
Ǻս죬Ϊ߳ܶ࣬ȴǡȫס졣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ͻȻƿɵȺ⣬һͨĻȪǿߣ˳Զӡ
˿ʼӣһЩͨĻȪǿߣҲһԶߡ
Щˣһٶ࣬ʹͨ쾳ǿ̫ڣʱɫ԰ףдſ־壬޲ʱӵĸ졣
սǿ־ˣԼһʮڵ̫ϳϣ֮£תۼֻʣˣǰӤң֮ǰǵļ̫ϳϾͿʼˣٲȻҲܵס졣
ˣ֪һ㣬һ̣ЩͨĻȪǿ߱㶼Ƿǳ־壬ҲǼطǾԻȫСԣʱΪ˻˶ǳԶߡ
ǡ
һĻһĸ̫ϳ־ŭЩ̫ϳϻδ룬ԱȴȻȻˣ˿ҲЩ̫ϳϵİΣ
ˣˣ
ǸŭһЩ˾ȻǶӣȴȫûȥ룬֮ǰһ£ЩӶݡ
ವƿͨĻȪǿ߶룬תۼӳȥԶ
챳Щˣû˿仯ֳնһ
貵ֻعɨ˲Ϣ׷ӶݳԶİȪǿߣֱӽһûȫݻ١
ûѪˮûвҽдͨĻȪǿֱӻɻҡ
ıûб仯еֻع⽣ŻȪĸ̫ϳȥ
Уֻع⽣𣬶ʱֻعⷭӿһֻش󽣡
ֻشȫֻع۶ɣʼһֱѹȪĸ̫ϳһ¡
ӭһȪĸ̫ϳϾŭѣͬʱҲ㤲ѣȫ⣬ֶγǰӭϡ
䣡
챬ʮռ٣˼ʥȫ飬ֻش󽣣Ҳһѣɢ
ĵ죬Ȫĸ̫ϳϣ˫ײನĺɣѪ
Ҳʱ쿴ˣֻһ޴ֻһθ֡
¡¡
ֻȫֻع۶ɣڣֻعŨȻˣһʱǽ˸û

ҽдֻһ˲ѣеڵǿߣֱӱǻɻҡ
˴ڵ۷壬վҪǿϺܶ࣬ͨʥⱬ䣬ŭֻѶ
Ȼֻ˳ˣȴҲ˼Ĵۣ϶ȾѪ϶ǲѺۣɫһ̱üΪ԰ס
תʥܣҪ޸ȻȴǷ֣ã޾ֻعˣһ̣ڵ۷ǿߣʱʧȥ޸
ʹ˸ӾŭӾ֡
ֻеĻҪֲ
ﬣ
һٴ̶
Ӷеֻع⽣һ̼նʮֻشѷ졣
ʮֻѷ측˻֮쳹ʮռ֮ڡ
ڵ۷ǿ߾㤣Щֻѷ졣
ֻǣ֮ǰδֻл𣬵ȴ˼صˣһӭʮֻشѷ죬ݶƬֻ̺̱ѷ롣

ҽд˵ʧžȥȻǳˡ
һʱ䣬طʣһȪ̫ϳϣһʮֻѷ죬һ߾ֵĳУסס֣ǽͣҪɱңҿɡҿԸܶأ


2307 
Ȫںһ̫ϳϣȫ־ֻع̫ˣڵ۷壬һ󾳽磬ȴȫ޷⡣
˾ģҪɱң֪ЩأһС
ﬣ
ޱ飬ֻع⽣䣬裬ת˲Էᴩ
ѪˮĽȪ̫ϳϷҽУвѪ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮֻѷѹֻ֮Ƶתۼ佫֮ѹ
šſң
˾֣ȻȴǸãѲֻعѹơ
쿴ˣֻУµĵƽ֯˿˿Ƶֻعһûʹ˵΢Ŀ˲ôʧ˰㡣
䱾ԴϢԷʶڶԷʶУѰȪڣʮ󣬱Դ˳ʮֻѷһѹ䡣
ۣ
ѪˮŽڵ۷ĻȪ̫ϳϣֱӱʮֻѷķ顣
꣬䱻٣Լ峤۰Լһɳ飬ȫѣҲǵʧȥеʮˣЩ꣬Ҳ鵽Щ˵ݡֻֻ֮ͥһɲɲڤڤȪһȪ
Ȼֻǲ鵽ʮ˵ݶѣЩ˾崦ʲôطȴֻ֪żȻһΣԵɺµֻ֪˵ĳټһеȥϧвֻЩ˵ϢͲʱԼĶʦϵһ죬Ѿˡ
նطĻȪˣ֮ǰǸڵ̫ϳϵʶУѰȪڣţȪƬ硣
ʱ򣬻ȪȫȪѰõֻع⽣ֻӹȪڴ˵صʱսӪ̼նٻҡ
ıûκεı仯ֻ۱պϣͽ뿪ֻʧ
һʱһƬµĴڣƬλá
ȥƬУƬɵͬȪʱսӪ㡣
ɲɱںʱսӪ
֮ǰӻȪʮӵʶУѰĴĸʱսӪڣڼĨȪʱսӪɲʱսӪ
ࣿ
ͬȪʱսӪǰ㣬ɲʱսӪ⣬ȻҲвٵɲǿأ񣬼֣һЩ졣
Ƭ࣬ӦѾ峹ɾ˲Ŷԣδ
⡣
ĪҪϻֱնˡ
һ˵
ңŻ䣬ֱӶˣΪһͨǿߣгƬɱâѹ졣
ֻѹɱâ
ͬʱɵһɲǿһԵڵأڵȴȫˡ
ƽֻɨǰ޾ֻع⽻֯Ƭɵһһ١
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮𣬶ʮӰӲϱٵɵȺгϢˡ
ΪǴڵȻһɱƬ̫ϳϼ
ʮɵӡ˳ƬʥӡԭθĻƬ棬ͻأӦʥӡ٣Ƭɵ飬ͬʱ˳
󣬵ǴɵȺĵɵ֮гһʱǿɵһȫȥˣֻʣǣ漴Ҳǿ졣
ֻ壬㣡
ʮڵǿ߶ݣɱƬ棬һǳҪ񣬾׷ѰֻټҪѹأ֮ǰڵʮѾȥǿѹˣȴ룬ʱֻ壬ǵսӪ
漴һ̣Щ˿죬Ŀ˫ϣɵøǶݡ
㡭
ӭʱֻۣһ̣ǿڵǿߣҲûɵļ궼·һеǵĺϰ㡣
Щˣıûκα仯ֻع⽣۶һն¡
ͬʱֻһһֻشѷ측ֶѹ˻ġ
ֻعźĺ嫣
ֻ㡭
ɲʮڵǿߵɫ䣬ûɵĺݺһ
Ÿ֣ϣ޲𹥻ˡ
ɲʮڵ̫ϳļ£ֻ֪عĿֲûκαʮ˺ȫӭս죬ͨɱʥâһӿ֡
ޱ飬ֻع⽣Ӷȫɴֻ֮۶ɣӶ䣬ʮռҡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ӿʥｻ֯ϵֻϢӣ綼ڻζ
ת۷ΪӭսʮڵǿߣϿʲôֻֻ䵽㣬ڱ٣˻
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һ죬ѪˮﲻϱŽת꾳죬ƿֻֻ۵죬ɲĶʮ̫ϳȻΪ߳ܶ࣬ȴҲΪһսռκһ˿Ϸ磬Ӷݶ첻̱Ĩɱ
ת۶ѣһطĶʮڵ̫ϳϣֻʣһˡ
Ҫɱң
һڵ۷徳ǿߣȾѪֻعѹ־ġ
ûκζĻӶԷʶѰɲһڣֱֻع⽫֮ûʹĶԷб٣Ҳһ
ֻϢıպϣֻع⽣һʧתȥתʧ
ʱھһƬʱսӪĨɱⷽʱսӪڵˣѰһڣ󻺲ȥ
ֹ֮ȥʱʱ䣬ڤһƬʱսӪͬڻȪ塢һɲһʱսӪ㣬⴦սӪڵڤǿȫն𣬴һһ̫ϳʶѰڣطʱսӪϢ뿪
뿪ڤһʱսӪĴ磬ںУҽУͥһ콫ƬĲɱ飬
ʱ͡ʱɱ񱩡ʱɣľ
ں棬úһƬУںɱ졣

ҽƬڻصͥ콫⣬¾顣
ˣ
նˣ
Ƭ磬ǿ콫ֱӳɱ
Щ콫ԲΪʥΣʥǳˡ
ֻǣǲŸտ⣬еϢʧֱӵڵأ֯ŵֻϢеܡ
Ĳûκα仯ͽƬ磬¶ߣһƬƬȾѪɽúһƬĻĮǰⷽĮĴ
ǰһ߲ʹԴڿУȭͷС֯ʥԣ貹


2308 Բ
ȭͷС߲ʹԴɳĮĵϣ˿˿Ծ
طȭͷС߲ʹԴƺиУԼʶʱ䶶֯Ũ߲ɫԣһαԡ
ǣ߲񽣵ĽƬ
Ŀûʲô仯վ⽣Ƭڡ
ŽƬ壬һʱ䣬ŽƬһڣƬ߲֮ڣƬЯŵڸ䡣
ˣ
⣬ȻȻ貵߲ʹԽ֯תŵֻľڵܣ߲ʹԱøǿᣬͬʱоɫ⻪
һĻųתۣһʱȥ
һʱµĽƬȫ߲ڣϵĽࡣ
ͬʱϢø񣬴ﵽת۷ͷֻһ˿̤ڵ
ĮڣзڴһƵɳ
ıûкα仯ת뿪ֻ̤ʧƬУط
ƿֻֻѴɣֻſۣΪﵽת۷壬ʵȻǿһߵĲΣȻǿ£ҲѾȲˡ
ĸ߶ȣֻؼ񽣱ڣڻɢؼĽƬܹĲ׽ʣ飬λãҲѸӦ
֮󲻾ãһߵĴ磬ƬһѩԨ£ѰһŽƬ֮ڣ񽣱֮Уͬʱ½ƬڵİܣΪ˿˿Ƶ
תۣʱȥĽƬȫ񽣱֮ڣεڵĽƬĺܣҲһֻ̣ľ֮£ȫ
ˣ
һڵоֱ֯ڣɫ
ں齣ƬΪٴνת۷壬̤ڵڡ
¡
׹ɫڲϽ֯𶯴ء
̤ڵΣһ̣ڵ췣ʹѹ¡
Ƭߴ磬һ˲һƬϢ硣
ɫ罻֯ͥУһͷͷ·Ҫݻ
վԭأĿա
䣡
𶯾죬һ˲ѣһ׷£ֱӽûС
ڣѩԨһʱķѣеĻѩȫڻԲڵĽֱӱýһƬҲҲһõر
˿˿Ƶĵ绡֯ڿУվԭأڵһ׷µĹδκεֵ׷ϣ׷ˣ
ֻɣȻ֯ķͱ˵һ׷ǰһֵ׷ڼʯ֮ϡ
ɫ磬ڲ⣬ԵϢʱƱøӿ£֮󣬺¡һڶ׷֣ƺƵѹ¡
վԭأȻûҪֵĶĿڶ׷
ͬʱɵڸԣһ׷֮¡
䣡
ڶ׷ѹ䣬ɵһʱķѣرøӵưܽڡ
վԭأɷֺδ
ֻɣǿʱչֳ˫
վԭأŲϵУɫ綯
¡
ϣϵУɫĸϢŨ
֮һһֵ׷̸
Ƭ׵
嫵׺ӡ
ޱߵС
ܼ򡭡
͵ޡ
ȿ񱩵׷£Ƭߴھҡϱ١
һۣʮ׷ȥ׷ϢøӺˣӿȡ
ʱ쿪ʼˣֻعչֻ֣԰Ե˫֮һһ׷ֱ󣬵ʮ׷٣غ
һӰ֯ʹͷʿϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰӰ֯һÿһɺɫ׵۶ɣɢ˼㣬ʵڵһ㣬ɻ
ͬʱУһ޴ĥԻصĳ֣޴ޱȣӰһѹ䣬ߴ磬Ϊ֮Ӿҵ
䣡
ӿ쫷磬ｻ֯һأ֮һб١
ǰĺڷ裬ֻ۽֯Īصƣһ̶ˣޱֻع⽻֯һֻشѷԻ泯ѹ췣ӭϡ
һʱ䣬طƥĹûһУϢͬ嫺һ㷭ֱȥʱطƽϢϢɢ
еӰʧ޴ĥʧϵУһɢȥ
Ƭڵĺڰ
ƬߵĴ磬ȫˣرһƬطҽڲϵð·һ̣Ҫ׵߽١
⣬ֻعɢȥֻűպϣ»صƽؼģ
񱩵ĵʮ׷£ɺδ
ˣ
ϣһ߲ƯؼΪܣֱ£֡
ʶ˿˿Ƶӿڣǿ
ֻľת߲⣬ֱӺ߲ʧΪڵ֮ϣˡ
ϣһɫƬƮڿУɵ׷ĲƬǣּ佫Ǿ£һ¾۳
ϣƺ͵۸ˣ֯ޱȰԵϢƿѹһС
ıԴ񣬳Ϊڵ
ûʲô仯ɵ뿪ѾޱȲƵĻߴ硣
ʱ䣬һš
Ƭ棬ԵʧµһзѰһ齣Ƭ֮ɹ񽣱ڡ
漴ֹȥգһƬڣѰһ齣Ƭ
һ齣Ƭ߲ڣ񽣱棬еȫ񽣣һԲ
壡
񽣽ĩһ壬Ҳ߲Բˣڴ˿̷
ࡣ
΢壬ӷᣬƺҪ̲ס䡣
һźͨ壬ǵʱ峤үүߡ
һֱСı壬ǰһΪ˱Ϊ˱ǿĶʦֶδֻأУ룬ΪĶ߲񽣣һ껯꣬壬ʱϡ
ĶʦֻжɣΪֻغĻ
Ϊһ꣬ʦΪ죬ԣֻԼ̳ѪƿأˣС
Ϊõ߲̫ǿĶʦģһʼֻغУǿԣԣڽ񽣶ôֻصĹУ⽫ѣֻһ񽣱֮ڣģ漴ɢ䵽ؼȥֻغȥѰңֻȫѰ˽ƬȫƬ󣬲ſԲſļԦ񽣡
˻һ⣬ǰһһٴηֻݣֻУڶʦİ£ֱֻʣȥֻأض壬һӵϵʮڵ
ӵǣʮòȫͬĸ壬
ڽͬʱݱԴȫͬ꣬ǣںһͻ䣬Ľ棬ǰһֻӡڻֻʣ̼Դ䣬Ӷֻ塣
ָǰļ䣬һС
ֻ壬ĶʦֶΣɡ
лл㣬ʦ
ԭֻغ󣬼ǲָܻģǣֻ֮ǰһֱԴ䱻ӡ֮ǰڣԣܻһС
ϵ壬ֻع⽻֯ȡ¡
壡
嶶һη
үү
壬̲ס΢ɵЩ


2309 ֻؽ
걻峤峤һҲڵĸүү
Լ¿ʼ֪ԼǱ񵽵ģ峤Ȼȴδ峤۰Ѯ峤ȫ缺кóԵģкúȵģǵһʱõ¿ȣǵһʱ
Լ¿ʼ֪ԼǱ񵽵ģСˣǣȴûз˽ͬĴǣǳá
Լ¿ʼ֪ԼǱ񵽵ģСںͬĺӣҲ֪£ȴ˿ûзǽԼ飬ǺһϷˣ֣һֵĳɳ
С峤үүСĴǣСĺǣǺûκһ˿ѪԵϵǣǶҪļˣǣһС
ȻһУˡ
壬壬ɵֹֻסĲ
ֱȥڣڡ
߲񽣱鲼ƣЩƣĶʦ̺Ϊ˵ܡ
񽣣ָĽŷɳΪһ貵߲ʹԣһӰһɢĻܺʢϢ
һ̣εĽڣٳʶУûʶеڣ֮ںһ
ʱ䣬ľűǣĻܳѪ⣬֯Ŀԡ
Ϊٴ
һۣʮȥ
䣡
һɰڳһɹ쫷硣
Ϊһ֮꣬޾£ϵܳɳع飬ݣΪһνڵڣ̤뵽ڵڡ
貶ĿʥԽ֯ڣþδƽϢϢǿʢ˼㡣
е߲񽣣ܼ̺
һ̣ɿ߲񽣣ʹ߲ǰɵ
ڵԺ쾧ɣ޳ɳһıԴ
˿˿ƵԻɵƵӡ鲼֯嫡ϺͰԵ
ڵֻ̧֣ع⽻֯ܽ֯ɵһŶĿĹԣ߲֮ڡ
䣡
ɵ߲񽣣߲񽣶ʱ˵ԣƴ
𶯣죬ģ߲ʹԿʼɫԱá
ֱʮ֮⣬߲ʹȫʧױɫʥ
񽣣һΪĶ죬ĶʦΪ죬һ̣һԼɵȫ֮ڣʹΪһ
ۺʱ񽣣ʦΪ񽣣Ψһ
һɵֻ֮űøǿ
ֻؽ
񽣣ɫʥ⣬˶٣֮ڡ
ﴵǰĺڷ
̧ͷңңĿƬ⣬Ŀʱ壬ʱƽϢʱ
ʮ뿪̤һƬɽһľϥ˫ۡ
ɹԪֻ̡ءԴİܡֻɡԲĲع飬ڼ䣬Ϊ̫ˣҪԹ̡
Ҫȥ¡
ˣ
ɫʥԽ֯һľգȾһɫ

ʮͥ
ȥˣʲôʱ
Լףĵǡ
ԱߣͰҲǺܵǣһȻ¡
첻ڣ¾ǵĹǡ
û¡
ḧɵͷ
߬˫֣ƯĴ۾н֯ŭͳ޵Ĺ󣺡Ҫȥս
֪ͥԼǵ£Щʱûһƽ
Ҳȥ
߬˫֡
ꡢѩҹ桢ϦϾˣ̿ڣʱֶ¡
µͷһ𡣡
һ죬һ̤ʮ̤ǿգʼս棬淥ͥ
֮ǰС̫ҶͯСꡢѩǡӢۡơ桢Ͱ׻ˣǴޱߵķŭɱʮںŭɱͥǿ
𡢻ǸĿͥۺϣʮһˣﵽ̫߶ȣս죬콫㤡
ͬһʱ䣬֪ЩͥɽǣŭɶһУܿ촫ͥͥڣɱɽԵ֪Ĺɱ죬ֻһɱɽǿգɱɽȫǿս
ɱ
ЩɱɽսԶͥ콫Ȼһǰսŭӿɱȴ߽һС
ټĺ棬һ˲ҵսС

ҷ
Ҳ
ⷽ棬λãͥһ콫ŭԹŶаƬͥУУδͬ㼤ҵĵֿ

ȫ
ɱ
ͥһɱɽ˺䣬޾ŭŭɱ˻ġ
еɱɽǿ񣬽ΪǵŭĿ
ҵսɱϢ鲼档
ѪϢ֯ÿһ䡣
¡
ڣһ챬ʥԣһĮ֮£һ߰׷ԲԵʬϻһ֣ʬתںһ
Ƭ̼䣬˵ϢӣΪڽתۼǴﵽתΡ
Ƿһݶ顣
ϻ
һǿߣ˴£ʱĹУµʥ󲻼ϵܣֲ࣬ɳ뿪ԭһں߱ԴΪתۼһߵĲΣ̤ת꾳
ǸСһڻعˡĻع飬ϻѾ֪һֱϲϻ죬һ̣ȻƴгɾǿʣƿɵĽֻأɳصģһʼͲǿصģֻ޾ĳ޺ʹࡣ
һ̣УĿԡ
˼ҲѪɱһ
Ϊ֮𶯣ת꾳Ϊʮϻ쿪ʼ֣ʥ졣
ͬʱ桢ϵʿԪҲ̳Ƭ棬Ĵеõ޴սȵǿ˺ܶ࣬һ̣ʼսͥǿ
Ƭ棬սʱøӼҡ
ʱ䣬һš
һۣ¹ȥ

棬һƬߴС
ϥһľ£һ˫ۣľɫʥԣڡ
µʱ䣬ڹľ¹ʵΪȹ̣ȶľڵڣӻ
վ⣬һ̣Ϣʧ̤Ƭ档
أƬѾٵ˰Ƭ棬ڿտؼ䣬¼ŵߣڰºһޱȺΰĴǰ
ǵȺΰȥݡ
ʲôˣ
Į𣬴⣬ʮӰǾڻ龳ΣɲеѪ
Ų𶯣ʮɲǿ߽ͣһһֽ⣬ɳɢ
ˣ
ΰ⣬ǰ޾ʥƽ̺֯־ɱѹһС


2310 ɲ
ӿɱǳˣһط˿
ɱһڵǿߣԻһʱ䱻顣
ӭ˵ɱӭܼʥƣĽŲû˿仯ĽŲɱѹϻ˵һһ
תۣΰǰɲ硣
ֻع⸡̧֣֣ϵƿ̤С
ֻһ˲ѣ̤ɲ֮ڡ
ȥһƬΰĴ磬Ĵ磬Ƭȫȣɽأʥɺʣеܻ
̤Ƭɲ磬ƬģǸȥ
Ƭ磬ɲ磬Ƭģɲ֮
ࣿ
ŸսƬɲ粻ãƬڣɲǿ߷
ɲͬһڤһԼȪ㣬ɱ˺棬Ĵ𣬵ȴȻԱ˺棬вԱƬģʱһȺ׼ɲǿ߷죬Ƕݡ
ɲıԴ磬ھŴ֮⣬ֻɲԼһЩޣȻǾȻڣһ࣡
ô£
⣬Ӧвڵִأдڸôеģ
ЩɲʿǶݣԴȫ⡣
쿴Щɲʿȴȫû⣬ֱĳĶȥ
ɲʿһŭһളǵ磬ǡ
ôĵ
£
£һɲǿȫˣչǿʥֶ¡
תۣһɲǿѹǰʥøŨ
Ҳʱ˼ʥһ̽壬
ĽŲû˿仯Ȼٶȴúܿ죬ڴԽռ㣬һ޾ԶûñƬĴ
ȥǰƬʥȺգж٣ƺų棬֯˿˿Ƶʥԣн֯ŵܺ͵âǻľˡ
ɲǡ
һʱ俴ɲǵģֱĳȥ
ɲޱȺΰȻɲڵǿ⣬ҲȻ졣
ࣿڣôࣿ
£֮ͬǰЩɲǿߣطɲһɲǿߣʱǸǶݡ
һ̣ЩûаԥֱӶ֣ƥʥͬʱѹ졣
ʱҪɱ¿ʣ⾿ô£ྐྵ֮ڡ
ЩˣǴͨΣ֮ǰЩɲǿǿ˺ܶ࣬ʥǳǿᡣ
ֱֱĿƬɲĵǷʥУޡɱâ֣⣬ֻعܶ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһըڵɲǿߣһʱ
ѪζƮڿУϵܡ
ʱɲڣһɲǿߣиУ뿴
£һɲǿǶ죬Ƕݡ
ࣿ
Ųŵɲǿߣһ붯ˣȫȥͬʱѹ
һ࣬ȻɲıԴڣ㴳ɲһһɲǿ߲ŵͬʱҲĿĲ̺ɱâ
ֻǿɲĵʥк塢ͳ޵Ĺ󲻶֣һȥС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ֻϢ֯⣬֮һһѪըһЩ龳ɲǿڣûһܿڣûһֻܳϢ
ģԽԽɲǿ߷죬죬ʮڵǿ֣߳Ϊһ̫ϳϣΪϣнڸɲ
ֻ壡
ЩɲڵݼߣȻֻ֪£񣬼ֻ徹ȻɲĴڣ˶Ǵ󾪡
ͬʱǸ𺳵ʱ⾹Ȼֻ֯ع⣡
㡭
һʮ̫ϳϣһʱ΢
ֻأǿ֪УƬϵ
Щ޶ãĿʼĵɲʥ֮ϡ
⣬ֻعۣһֻع⽣ֱĳĵʥնȥ
ٿ켫ֻգۼʥǰϣ֮նķ顣
࣡
ôĵ
ڣʮ̫ϳڣһɲǿ߸־ŭǿŭ쾹ǵɲʥǿɲǶԣͬСɡ
Ҳʱ¡һɲʥУһӰ֮ϡ
һˣѪۣޱˣΪֱڲΡ
棡

ڣɲһǿߣʮ̫ϳڣ볯һɲ
ͬʱֻϢ񱩣ʮ죬ɱ

Ŀɲϣһ̼ˣĿĳ޺ɱ⣬ֻع̼貵˼㡣
Ҳǣʮ˻ļ԰ɱҪˡɲʮ֮һ
¡¡һɹ˵쫷Ϊĵһɹ˵ֻϢƵϵһƬƬĿռ䡣
Ϣһ쫷綯ʹһڸԶʮ̫ϳϺһ뱻Ʒɣɵô䣬ΪϢ㤡
ϣ㣡ɲԳֺĿȻһʱϣֻع⣬˫ͫΪ֮һʱ򣬵Ϣ󱬷Ӧɢһ˿˿ıԴܣʹϳ죺ʧôãȥȾָֻصˣԭֻ
䣡
񱩵ʥϯֻعƵʮһʱ佫Ļϡ
춯ˣĿĳɱâһ˲ɲǰֱһȭ䡣
һȭȵɲϡ
ƬѪˮϣһɲɣһƬƬռ䡣

棡
ڣһɲǿ߸ɫ䡣
һȻһȭˣ
䣡
ֻع죬һȭɲû˿ͣ˫ĿдһѪ˿磬һ׷ϺɳȥɲЯֻعȭͷĺ䡣
飡
飡
飡
ƺһĴѪˮһķɽͷĺڷ裬˫ȫһȭһȭĳɲ£ʮգƬ
ϣ
ɭ޾ĺʥƶϢˣ𿪡
ɲѣ˲޸죬Ŀâ
ɲֱڵΪ񾹱С˳־ͻˡ
ڵֻС棬Ҳﵽȸ߶ȣմȾֻغ󣬹Ȼһˣ˵⻰⣬ĺʥâøŨһϢ֯г˲п飺һȺ·ĳӣʣһֻС棬ΪƾСܰĳͬ屨𣿿ЦĶ


2311 ֻ
£ɲȻǵã֪졣
ԭֻغ󣬱ԴϢ˸ı䣬Ѿ߱Ϣˣǣ꣬ȴֻɺ뻯һ󣬻ϢȻָǰѾûʲôͬԣɲʱϳ졣
ű΢ĳմȾֻأ񲻴ƿֻǿ󣬷ǳǿ󡣡죬ɲϧ̫ļˣֻڵڶѣҲҴϱΪʲôطΪʲôΪ
仰䣬¡¡ģ⣬ĺڵʥøŨϢøɲ
Ϊɲų棬սͨ죡
ͷڷ裬˫۽֯塢׺ݺɱâ⣬ֻعűǡ
Ȼ֪ɲǿɲѪԶͬǿߣΪֱڣһ󾳽磬ǴıԴڣսطǿͨĹԪǿҲȫˡ
Ȼɱ
Щ£̣̾벻嶯ܲ嶯
䣡
ֻʥ⣬ӿȣҰް㶢ɲһֱӶˣƵֻع⳯ɲȥ
ֻʥ⻯һֻغˣƺƵѹ£һжѹơ
ɲߣǳֻعĿ£ʱȴû˱ܣֻΪΪǿֻ̫࣬Ϊɲɲʼ棬ѪԶԶͨɲ˿ȣֻǴֱڣڹԪ֮ȴ޵еġ
ңΪҪǣɲıԴ磡
ԣֻعȻޱȿ£Ȼƿֻ֮ǣȴطɵ죬Ƭ磬
ˣ
⣬ĺʥâӭϣֻعⲻײ
ײֻعǿܶ࣬ȻĺʥȴԺܻɱŨʱֻع⵲ײһƻ绡
סֻع⣡
һ̫ϳϵ
һ̫ϳϣǴڵڣȻֻ֪عж£ڵڵΪҲǷǳֲһֱǿߣԲܵסȻǵȴǵȻǵԤ֮У֪Լһǿ󣬿ʱһĻȴǲɵЩԺܡ
ϾֻؿظڣƬϵΣֻ֮ܵ԰
Σƿֻع⣬ΪܷӶΪƿֻأ۴ʲôΪζ޵УЦ죬ɲĵʼǳӣ㷭ʲôˣ
¡¡ģİʥֻعⲻײһϡ
ʥʮ
ȻҲʱŲһ٣ֻع⣬Ϣͻأʼ
䣡
ֻӿֻعȣͷڷ裬ħ˫УһصƸ֣Ī⡣
ɲʱ䶯ݣֻۣ㾹ȻѾ˫
䣡
ֻعø񱩣Ļ
ֻĿⱬ壬ؼ䣬ޱֻعűøǿʱ䣬Ŀɽ鱩ɲİʥȫݻ
ͬʱˣͬռ˲ƣֻһһγɲǰ
㡭
飡
ȭȭأЯֻع⣬ȵɲϡ
Ѫˮɽֱ侳ɲǺɶ

ɲڣһɲǿѾ˳˺ԶʱһĻһɫ
ǰһ̣ǻΪԼһֻ֮ȻܣȻһ̣ǵİʥǱݻ٣󣬱һȭĺɡ
ͬʱɲȾѪԶסΣһʱޱɭ
ãܺãֻ۶ƿˣ˱ԤϣɲȻֻ֪ж£ʱ죬ֻۣһ˿⣬âһʱޱŨͿ㽫˫ƿص˺εȲΣ
Ż䣬һʥøŨ֮ǰʮ
漴ˣΪǿܶ࣬վֻżɵ
壬ֻۿһУһƲؽڵƶתۼֳɲǰǼֱӵһȭݺݵĳɲ¡
᲻ɴݵһȭЯֻعɲʥײһ
飡
飡
쫷ϯƬռ䣬˸Ժˡ
ʮԶɲסΣһαǰɭ⣬Ƚָؿڣ۵һŹᴩ
ΪԽǵ棬󾳽ĲԽ󡣡죬пĵȻƿֻع⣬ֻۣΪ磬ȴʼܽӵ
žͣ
һ΢죬Ļ
ؿѪѪȴԼ޶ãһץסɲѪڣֱӽԷǰʹԷ˫ĿԼ˫Լľԡ
˫УĪĵ˿˿ԣʹɲ͵һ
ңȲʼ󣬽ԽԽңɲɫʼò԰ףʶ䣬һͻأһƬУ˻ޱĳʵײҰޣ˺ҧꡣ

žʹз⣬İʥһαǣգѿץŵ֣һ˳ȥԶסΣɫһ̲԰˼ࡣ
þǣǼ򵥵Ļþ
˫ۣɲһ̴žŭͬʱҲ¡
Ŀԣ걻һƬ˺ҧѳǴɲУ·ǵȻֻǻ
ȻľʹкϵһѺۣȴĸǾԲǼ򵥵ĻþǶݵĹУ˲СĴˣһֱǸڣٹʮԻᱻ˺ҧƬ֮ʵУԼֱӻ

ôˣ
ղšʲô
ɲڣԶһɲǿ߲ԣֻɲᴩˣֻץסɲѪ죬ʲôҲûҲûӦȻһ̣ǵȴǾŭˣɫȻò԰
ǹʺѪѳȥɲֻ˫е޾ٴν֯ԣʹɲʱʮֻشѷ측
һʱ䣬֮ڴϯоڼ䲻ݷ䣬ɲУʮֻشѷһ£ֻعӿ

ɲľŭڴİʥâŽһֻشѷ죬Ѫˮ̤Ȼ˲Ĵˡ
ҲʱһμڻȾѪɲǰ
䣡
ûκζĶƥֻعڵһʱ۵ȭˣȭĿıɱâݺɲϣֱӽԷķ顣


2312 ֻͼ
ѪˮУɲ飬ȱɽĿġ

һɲǿ߸ɫ󺧡
һȻˡ
£ҲԤϵģ붼ûȥ롣
䣡
ĺʥɲȴȻδѪбʥâһ̱۳
ؾ۳¶죬һ̣ɲø
һֱ֮侳ڸ߶ȣȴڵڵƿֻأԶɱȣȴܡ
죬ڽ֯İĹøŨϢһεĴǡ
һɲ֣ڹ죬ÿһ·Խһл죬Ϣˡ
֪ʼǳӣȻһУҲվֻǳӶѣ
ɲ統ƺƵĳѹ䣬ʮ졣
ʣһڼµ֮ںһɱˡ
ɲ糯ѹ£ܣһɹɵ쫷ƵС
ǰڷ裬˫Ǳɱֱֻӱֻشѷ측ƥֻعӿϰ˻ĶԷɱϡ
תۼײһ𣬱֮⡣
ɲǿƥɲֱΪ;˵Ѫȫסֻشѷƥֻع⣬ңɲ磬һĳѹ¡ȥ
ǰڷ裬ֻ𣬸ӿֻع⸡ѹϰ˻ġ
ɲ𶯣̼䱻ֵסڸӿֻعѹ£Ͼ
ͬʱֻعɲ
ˣ
ﬣ
һݻֻȭһݻֻؽԵȭâĽͬһʱԻֻ֮߶ǵƣҲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
͵һɲ˺ֻʥ⡢ֻȭâֻؽһֻشѷ죬ƺƵѹ£ɲС
ɲӸЩŭ뵽ڵΪƿֻأ쾹Ȼǿֱ侳Ϊɲ̺еε֮˿̣ȴȻתۼ㱻߽⡣
ǿֻأĳУҲƥܣ
죬δˣɲٴԻϢøǿӭ졣
һݻֻȭһݻֻؽӭѹֻر磬һȫκηֻرԼϣһɲǼɲǰ
ɲݣ쾹ȫֵĹԤϣ㼫ǰһʱͷĶֻƲˡ
ȾѪɲУ˲ˣʱȴ˿δ⣬ֻȭâֻؽƿУֱɲϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽɲֱӱѪģ
ң˫ϣֻȭâֻؽڲͣݻѪ⡣
ӣ
ɲһŭֻӶɲʥ⣬ؿڣˡ
ĽŲû˿仯ɱˣɲɲʥ˫еֻȭâֻؽøˣԵϢʮ
۵һɲİֱӱķ顣
ɲŭһŭХѪɿۣɲ磬һγѹϡ
ɲӿɱâƿɽﶼ
ԴˣȴɲܣҲκηɲ罫Լûֻڼľһֻӣһʱ佫ɲС
ۣ
ĿѪֻ֯Уֻع⺣˷ɲһα飬ŭУѵĴгɿؾ
ͬʱ챻ɲûǱ飬Ѫˮɽֻʣ겻ࡣ
䣡
屬⣬һȫ޸ԻܰԼйǣһѪ˳ɲϡ
ɲݣһؾһ߿ٵĺˡ
Ȼȫ޸ɱٶȿ켫תۼǳǰꡢͲйǣֱӽɲꡢͲйû񹥻ɲ
˺ɲ꣬ѹɲ⡢ԲйȥײɲĲйǣԼѪˮɲѪˮ
һʱ䣬۵ģֲͬĻûңø飬ҪĭйǽҪɹѪˮײвʧ
棬Ŀģ

ɲŭХѪˮͲйǷɿˣڹԻ뿪죬֮⣬ٵؾ۳ǷŭĻ档
սʽʵ̫ˣȫзƺֻΪɱڣɱ¾㣬ϵһ̼ǷŭЩĲ
һߣɲѣҲͬһʱ۳ֻع⽻֯
У޾ƽ֯Ī⣬΢һƬֻعԻƺƵѹɲңҲһδɱϣȫûκͣЪ
սˣ˺η壬ʹɲԽӵ
һսǿȻûȡ˿ϷԼ·
ϣ
⣬һޱȻϢԻ漴¡һʥ̼űǡһͷ󸡳˫ᣬĿһޱϵĸоͬʱҲһޱĸо
ͨʮʵͬʱޣѪ⡢Ԫʥꡢâһ
һ壬̫ϳԶԶĿ̲סڵ
ʮսޣǿͨ
̫ϳϿڣľη
ϢƵɲǣⷽǣΪҵսѾǱٵ˲١
ֻǿڵΪʩչܱƵıչͨӣܲˣֵ԰
죬ɲڣĿ
Ż䣬̧֣ʮսǿˣ쳤Хʵһ㣬Ŀ졣
ӳֻع⣬ײɲʮӵսϣɱһƬѹ¡
ӭһĻıûκα仯Ųûκͣ٣ֻضһֱתʮս˲ϢӣϢͬɽһͻأ
ͬʱֻͼԻ嫵˼㣬鲼ʥͼʼһֱɢһޱȺ嫺ޱϵĸоƿһС
ֻɣֻͼܵչ֣ȣѾ׵ʱ䡣ϵЩ䣬ɢ˿˿ƵıԴֻϢٲȻɵֻʥƣӻֻ
ǣϢô
ͼͼ
ɲһ̫ϳϺһǿ߶ʱɫԾ䣬оˣϢͻأǿʮɲϢĻҪࡣңֻͼĳָļ£ӭͼֻ궼ɵþ
ɲҲݣٲȻû뵽ϢȻͻȻǵıҪࡣ
ңֻͼǵȺ嫺ѹͫ׶һ


2313 ׿
ֻͼ֮ϣֻ֯ʥƣֻƵ𶯰˻ġ
תۼѣֻͼϣӭɲͨޡ
߾ײգ͵һͨ۶ɵ޵顣
ֻһֻѷ죬ֻضۻĶʮս֮£Ʊøǿֻͼת۽ɲ¡
ɲ¶ݣɿˣͬʱĻ̵ķϡ
ϣֻٴֻͼѹٶͻأǣһֻѷĸӾ޴֮˻
תֻۣͼֱɲ⣬͵һϸķ飬ȵϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽڴɵֻͼ֮£ɲһķѡ
ͬʱһֻѷѹ£ֱӽһС
£ŭĺХֻѷдڹ𶯡
һ̣һһֻѷ飬ɲؾ۳гȾѪϲѺۣطԿɭɭ׹ǡ
Ȼڱֻͼ뵽ֻѷڣɲܴᡣ
ȻҲʾɲĿ£ڱֻͼ±ֻѷ죬ֻܹѷ죬ֻѷ¿ֲܿ
ȻΪһ󾳽Ҫԭڣȴɺܺˣ
Ⱪ壬ɲһ˳ȥ
ˣ
ֻͼٴԻУʥͼݺݵѹɲ
ɲΪԶߣӭֻͼȴҧһεĺˡ
ֻͼϣֻɲʱԻֻӣҲʮֻѷһ֣е·ȫϣǿƶԷӭս
ɲŭХеĳ㴳Ƭ磬ı
һͨԣһڵͨʱԻɱ⡢ĵâƥ򣬺ƺƵһѹ
ת۶ѣɱ⡢âֻͼײһ𣬺ϵֻԼʮֻѷײһɲѪڣϢ
ͷڷ裬ɱâ񱩣ֳֻͼ͵һֻӺʮֻѷһڣɲɱ⡢âޱ
漴ֻͼɲϣһν֮ķ顣
ͬʱֻӺʮֻشѷһѹ£ɲ֡
ת۶ѣɲûУѾʱ顣
鿪
ɲŭǿܱûֻͼֻӺʮֻѷУȴʼղ𶯣ƣתؾ۳ͻΧȥ
һ˲ǰֱһȭѹ¡
ˣ
žһȭȵɲϣ֮һδֻͼֻӺʮֻѷĺΧȦ֮ڣҲһ̤룬һλȭ
ӳĲͨȭֻ֮߶ֻȭְ㣬Ϊֻȭ
һɲһαһȭУӵǱѪģ
漴ȭͷûͣ£ֻͼֻӺʮֻѷУϻȭֻܼȭӰͬˮ㣬ѹɲҪء
ңͬһʱ䣬ֻͼֻӺʮֻѷһ𶯣ֻعֻȭâһѹɲɲϵÿһռ䶼
ϣ̫ˣ
ɲŭɲһԻң֮ͨںϣµϢһΣͷһԻ졣
ֻޱߵɱâͱ壬ɱ¾Ϣޱֻعŷڡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĴײޱ̺飬ֻͼȣҲһѿ
ʮֻȭ£ƿһУɲϡ
۵һɲͷ­ֱӱ飬ѪˮԽĽڿС
ҵײ£ȻɲΪԶǿƿֻص죬վǴϷ
ޱֻعѹ䣬ɲʣûֱӸѹ֧顣
ֻǣȻʹǿɲʹ䣬ȫûļ󣬻ĻܰŲȱѪɿˣһߺһؾ
Ŀڳǿֻع⣬ֻͼһԻϵޱֻʥ貹âɲѹ
ңԼҲˣֻնֻؽֻȭͨһ̺һһֻ֮߶ʮռ䣬ȫѹ
ۣ
ɲŸո۳۵һֱ顣
ң֮󣬸ִһһ٣Яֻ֮û
һʱ䣬۵Ѫϴɲؾۣһһα첻飬ĸ飬ƥֻ²ⴴ

Զһһ̫ϳϺǿ߸
һ񣬾ѹˣһ۳

£һǿŭһ̫ϳϺƬǿɱ졣
һʱ䣬¡¡ģޱߵޱߵʥâһ֯ͨ壬һʹʮһƬƬı顣

Ⱪ壬϶ʱը죬ص֮Իʹ֮϶ʱֳĺɫ磬һɫѹ¡
һʱΪ˵õһޱȲ̵ķʽУһ̶ȺԼķϵͷѭԹżصĸзԳԣȲ̺ѭԴأھٴ֮һ
һֻغʱղУ̫ǿԣһηϵԼﵽ벽ʱȵһδεĽ٣һαһο£һδε֮һ̶ٵܡ
һΨһԼ
ǸʱʵֻĶʦ֪ѾǳԽľλʦ֣ڴ󣬸֮ǰżȻֻ֪ټЯ֮֮ĳɱ
գʵĲ֮࣬
һ죬Ķʦϵ´ߣѾ
Ҳ֮ĿͶǿϣͬʱҲΪΣյֻء
䣡
ɫ񱩣յѹƺƵѹ䡣
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һһɲǿ߼򡢵â͸ͨһʱ䱻ķ顣
ң֮Ѫһըǰʮڵ̫ϳϺһȺɲǿߣһ̱ҲȺɫһ
һĻʹһɲǿ߸вɵý¶־ǰǾ˵Ĳǿڵ̫ϳϣҲͬꡣ
䣡
ƬѾ˴ɲ谵֣һɫѹ䣬ƥֻع⣬һɲ
ңɲ꣬ҲһյİԵâ֮¡
ŭĿޣĿ壬ɲ

Ұް˻


2314 
䣡
գɫƥֻϵĺɲ
ǰڷ裬Ŀ壬֮ѹ䣬ֻϺִһһԻ˫ȭĳɲ䣬ֻȭӰȫ֡
ģһƬƬķɲһδαĸ顣
ңҲ¶Ŀ񱩹£ϵⴴ

һŭɲⱬǿѿĹڲԶؾ۳
Ȼֻһ˲䣬ٴο£ֱһȭϣ۵һֱӺ顣

˻˫Ŀ죬˵Ұޣֻعһѹ䡣
һ˲䣬ɲٴα飬һα񱩵Ĺûⴴ
⣬⡭

ôܣ
Զһڵɲǿ߸ǵһ棬ֱڵΪͨչ˳ȴǱڵȫѹˡ
ƥֻع⣬ľȥæھ֮ǰƬɲǿǰըû˸ǰ
죬ʲô㲻ϡ
䣡
ֻعӿͨݺᣬһڴһɱħ
ֻУ޾ƽ֯ԣһֻشѷԻϯʮһС
ڣ˻
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ɲ屩¶ƥ񱩵Ĺ£һδκĸ飬ѪϵıŽң֮ǰ㣬Ҳ¶ȹ֮£ⴴ
ȻΪɲһ棬ɲ̫ǿˣʺѪǿžȻĿ񱩹²⵽󴴣ȴʼûҪŵļ
ӣˣ
ŭʮ죬Ƭɲһ̺Ƭÿһ䣬йһƬƬʥâֱӽѾƲɲ֡
ﬣ
һƬƬʥâϳ˲û񵽼㣬һֳ뱻ɲڣʹɲ˲ѿĹһʥâɱʥһƬ㣬գۼǰᴩ
Ѫˮ·ɽ
ϳ棬Ƶһ趯֮ɲɫ࣬˼㣺λһֻȷʵǿ֮ԶԶȲλƿصֻܣĺãܺãǳã
£øɭƬɲ磬ʥԣƥԴԴϵĳ۶ңͬʱƵɲϣУϣϣطȻɱƸÿһɱƶ֮֯ɱ֮ƿѹһУƿɻɱ
ˣ
ﬣ
Ȼɱɱ⣬ɲʥâ϶һɱߺһ𣬺ƺƵĳѹȥ졣
ɲڴ˿̱ɲǵƺ
һĹԪǿߣǰҲֻȻޡ
ۣ
һΣ챻ᴩѪˮĽŴȥԶ
ƿһ˿ֻأ㴳ıԴĶ죬ɲӲп᣺ӣԶֻǳӣȻǿȴҲֻµǿ˼άȴȻ͵ȣ޲ɼ
¡
ӿ֮Ƶɲڵ޾ɱƣɲԼǿʢΪ;ѪϢӿһγ¡
飡
ɣȾѪ̵ֻϸһѺۡ

δ֪ڣһͨĹȣڹľʮ壬ȥƽ档
ϾƹһϮۣһ嶥ˣңɲ硣
ǰһӤưСʯӡڿУܼĹơ
䣬ʯӡܼԣһӰԻ
ʥԽ֯Ӱ֮⣬һУʲôҲ壬ֻһ˫䵽ӿԿ͸˴س
ؼ䣬޾âڴ˿һ֣ҳϵˣͬһʱ䳯Ĥݣǧӿ֡
޳ӰĿϾƹϣűø䣬ƿװأ
ϾƹĿڻӰϣӼ䣬΢⻮
һֱ룬ĻΪôǿǿ뱻ӡųɣѹǱܲſɴԭ𡣡ŻӰǽø䣬Լ䣬޾ǳڣԼ䣬һƬƬ飺ۡ
ӰӸ䣬ĿϾƹƿɨԶ
Ŀ⣬ңңĶɲ磬
ʲôʯӡΪУ
Ӱ߰ȴȻȻĪϣع޾ңԶľ룬ɲڵ죬Ŀĳޡͷ
ϾƹָһĨ΢âûӰüġ
ӰһβƬͻأ޾âһ
Уһ˿˿Ĺ⸡һ˲޾Ŀֻš
ۣ𶯡ϾƹڣսҲΣ֮˭Ҳ֡
Ӱңɲ磬иĹ⽥ɢȥ
ά֮Ϊά֮£ɱϾƹӰңɲ磬ɢǷһݴ顣ҵĺӣˡ
Ż䣬ӰɢȥֻʣӤưСʯӡڰա

ɲ硭
䣡
ӿɱ֯ɲǣɲ磬䣬ʥⲻϳɲӿ޾ɱԻƺƵĳѹ䡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫˮڷɽɲ֮ɲǿΪѪֻع⻤壬ֻۣһҲɴ·һһεĻˡ
㴳뱾ıԴ磬ǵһһ޴ȵزˣ
ɲ
ԶһɲǿʱǱ
ɵղţҵȹΪˣûеĵıҪ
ڣһĹԪǿߴҲֻ

ɲ̫ϳϿڣűɲ֮ʥ֮ϻ˵죬һҲû֮ǰļ»ңô
ȻҲʱЩɲǿ߻ո£ȾѪ죬ͻأһޱǿʢϢһƵʥƽ֯ʮա
ֻУһƷµԣͷڷ裬Ŀ壬һ̳ɲȭһֱӵȭâȭ˼֯ųɱɲ֮ĻϢƺƵĳɲѹ䣬ת۱ǺԷǰ
ǰɲϵеâɱ⡢Լɲ֮һ̱ͨɱĺɲ
Է
ɲ̼ɫ䣺㡭
ۣ
ȭâûһУ˲佫ɲķ飬ѪƮɲǡ
ɲŭйǿٺˣԶɿؾ
Ҳʱוּһ̶Х쳹ǧ硣
ǰڷ裬ӱɱ죬ֻؽڸ֣ϣƵһʱһɺ嫺Ľɢ֮㣬У񱩵ĳɲն¡


2315 һͷ­
ֻؽΪֻж죬ƥǰֱɵøǿʼһɢĽɲ綼ɵô
ﬣ
̶Х𶯰˻ģֻؽתۼն䵽ɲǰ
ɲδȫؾۺӭ˵ֻؽǳˡ
ֻһֻشѷ죬·
ͬʱֻؽ񱩵ն¡
һޱɲȫķѣɲ޿ɱܡ
ۣ
Ѫˮɽǿɲһα顣

Զһɲǿ߸һαɫ
ǰһ̣ǻΪϾҪѹˣסǵ֮Ȼһ̣ǵȴһٶıشѪȾա
ңΪҪǣ֮ǰȻɲĸԴңǵеɲԴҪǿ
ﬣ
쳹ֻؽУֻؽ߶ֻؽ⡣
ɲǼ䣬һƬֻؽԻɲκĻᣬѹ䡣
ɲŭ弱ˣŭ𣺡
¡һɲǵص֮£һĺɫ
ڶһһɷǳϢһʱſƬ֮ƺƵӭ죬ƿ硣
û˿˱ܣӭϣֻ𣬽ֻ֯ӣͬʱеֻؽ߶ĸӿ񱩣Ĺĺ
תۼ䣬ײһ𣬱⡣
ɲϣ˸䣬ǿʢǳޱȣϢˡ
ֻؽϣƱ鲼Ī⣬ģϵƱԽ貶Ŀ

תۼǴɲɣһѺۣٵӿȥ
Ȼ֮ӳֱ֣۷弶ıҲɵвֻؽ
ɲѾؾۺһĻݣٽɲա
ﬣ
һ˲ɳȥɲǰһն¡
һ֮ǰһǿ
ռ䱻նΪΣǿɲֱķѣĲ

ֻĿޣٵֻѷ죬ɲϵÿһƬնѹ¡
ңֻؽֻع⽻֯޾ʥƻ⣬ɲ֮ն飬ٵֻѷһɲǰһն䡣
ңͬһʱ䣬ֻͼһγһ𣬴Ӳ񷳯ѹ䡣
䣡
ֻһ˲䣬طԴأ˻
ɲɫΪ֮䣬֮壬죬Ĺ
ͷڷ裬ȫɲѹɲ֮ǵȴԼϣֻѷ졢ֻؽֻͼͬʱɲϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽɲһʱ䱻飬סֻѷ졢ֻؽֻͼ
ǿг֮Ҳͬһʱ飬ת۱ؾ۳
ɶ񣡡
ɲؾ۳죬ŭ㡣
ɲȻǰ㱻ٵˣ죬һδȫɱ⣬ǷһĹһһεȽܴ󴴡սʽޱȵŭ
Ҳʱһ⣬ʥâǡ
޾ʥƹâʢԷһμ֮ǰɲϵɲ֮ɱɲ
㡭
ۣ
ɲɲȫûܿ£һʱһαķ顣
ôģ
һؾ۳ɲޱȾŭ쾹κɲıԴ
ңĻҪǿ
ǿһ
б鲼ɱâûжĻֻؽһǿ˹ȥ
ﬣ
Х̶ʮ
ֻؽʩչֻؽֻعⲻѹ䣬ֻͼ˷һսɵɲԴɲ´ϷֻؽնһУɲڱ鲼ŵɱһƱ飬һδնɲ
ѪˮɲǷɽѪģɲѪ
ɲǣѾ׻棬Ϣ֯ǵĸ䡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
һδΣ飬ɲ飬ֲͬײ
һתۣҹȥ
ӣ㲻кý
ҹļսɲһ˥㣬Ǿŭһܿ죬ɲ⡣
ҹļսޱȷսһ죬ɲһ˾⣬̫ǿˣֻعѹһУֻؽնУȻΪֻǴڵʵսȴȻȫȫѹ֯Ƭɲڵ޾ɱƣȫնˡ
ʱֻѡ룬ΪȻȫסӵֻصˡ
ಣ
һŻ̤УŻպϣתʧɲڡ

һɲǿ߽ˣǵȻˣ
ͷڷ裬񱩣ɲĵطֻѪǸطŻ֣ɲֻعﱻ˳
㡭
أ¿죬ɲ㤡
ѾŻ뿪Ƭ磬ȴȻǿи˻
ﬣ
̶ֻѪֻؽնɲ
տûõֻ֧ҹ˫ĿѾǾʹޱȣȻԴȴûκθо·ȫ᲻ȾʹֻĿɱâֻĿĳޣֻĿı壬һ̣Ϊɱħ
ֻؽâܼת۱䵽ɲǰֻعһϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽѾ˥ޱȵɲסĹֱӱ顣
ֻǣǿʼղ࣬йǣһεؾ
Ȼһǿ絽ǰֹѹ䡣
۵ģѪϱǿɲ֮ͬǰ㣬Ĺ£ԽԽơ

˻ֻѪһľڣֻعУɲһ˿һܵĻᣬҰһ㣬˫ȭϺɲ꣬佦Ѫˮʮղϵѣϵ

ǿɲȷбĹ£̲ס˲ҽУŭͬʱɿҪ뿪ĹΧ
ȻȴǸãĿ񱩹£ÿһθոؾۺһ飬ܵĴԽԽء
תۣһʱȥ
һʱһ֡ʺ;ĲҽдĿ񱩹£겻ⴴɲڸոؾ۳ͷ­걻쳹׻
ͷ­µ壬δ¾۳꣬Ҳ׵ײˣؼ䡣
ֻ˿˿ƵѪͷ­ԡ
ֻ죬վͷ­ԡ
Զһɲǿ߾
ǵȻԼڣһڵɱˡ
ܡܡ
һ壬طˣȫˣˣסķ


2316 
ô᣿ôܣܰ
Լһͷ­ʧһɲǿߣ̲ס˻
һǿߣ볯ȥ
¡
֮͵âɱһʱƵҪʮظȫѹ¡
ת۶ѣһɱǰ
͵ģӿ֮͵âɱг嵽ڵɲǿһڵ̫ϳڣڵһʱ䱻ȻŵֻϢ߽⡣
Щˣûκ⣬ֻűպϣǰɲͷ­
˫Ѫˮһεε䣬ǷſɲϵѪ
˫еıͷһƽϢȥɲʣµͷ­תŲƵɲȥڲϳɲǿ޶ãԼڱֻϢѹ飬ת۱̤ɲǣƬɲ硣
̤ɲ磬ԶȥʥƸֶ
䣡
ʥӿյļսɲϵ֮ͨ⡢籾Դȣһ̱ͨչֳҹڵںһǿһһɱɲնȥ
Է
ռ䣬ϵɱǿһɱǣ֮
һ̣֮ȵɲ֮ϡ
ΰ޴ɲ磬ϳ״һѺ۷ɿӣȻըտؼ䣬һ޴Ļ̻
ɲĸʹˣʧ
ɲͷ­ûκα仯ЩľһԶȥȥ
̤֮棬»صʮ̤ƬС֮ڡ
ģƵķʣѾܾúܾá
طɲͷ­ڷǰڷǰ£
һۣչȥ
պһ죬վ˶٣ھ
ǰĲƷۣת뿪Ƭ򣬲úھưɫɽڣһɫĴʯǰ
ʯֲܴڣϲ˲ٻҳһЩ꣬ȥǳͨ
տȥ˶٣ʧԭأһ̳һСڣڹԽ֯ʣһֵȻĸо͡
Ȼһ
ƬһʼԭֻĲܿŻУΪѾǲЩˡ
̤Ƭ磬ƽṳ́뵽Ƭһڡ
ڵĿռǳһƵ⣬ûκηֲ㣬һƬɫӺɫĹ⾰һſõǳ˸зǳŨĵâ֯
ֻع⣬һƵĵ֮ܿڡ
ģһõӰԻһŮӣ޾סҪǣŮӵʳףԻȻȻеâɹ⻷ƶ
һĴʼߣʼ档
̣
Ůӣ쿪ڡ
ʼ΢һ̣ûΪʧ˵ԼٴԻ⣬ûΪټ⣬ֻΪʱֶݣˣ
죬һʼ棬˵ŮӣסĲĿļõӲסķ
촽˶㡣
꣬δֻǰһʮһСŮŮãǸͨˣΪ׼ĵ۹սѣµһˣһּʱһͷ˵ʱǡɿŮ
ʱڳ·ϣ޷һ˵СŮߣҲŮ壬ԴСŮһйžԴСŮ˰£뿪Ů̡֣
ָֻ֮䣬ܶԺһһķתδָǰƬ˿ʼ棬ԷϢ͵ǸŮһģһ
ԣʱط
ҲˣδָǰŮӣԷΪҪ
У
̡
ֻ֮Ļȫ뼺֮ǰݣһǲܿģľλʦֶδ̣ܲȴȻǸʱ֪˭ǲǿһʼ֪Ľ
ˣˡ˵꣬˵̺⡭
˵۹սʱᱬǵսУģͨգļСʱսֻʣһˣһѣԲůһ챻һͷ˵ʱԼҪˣҪˣܿͻ뿪ս磬ܿͻ뿪Բů磬͸ĸžۡ
ûʱ֣£߰£ڼ䣬ÿնԱ˷Ϊ·˰Դ
µһأĸѲ٣Щȫ֪ʲôӣÿնǼȣֵǰʱΥᵽů⵽˺ʲôо
ǰãɸʹԼ̫ˣ˸ĸ⣬û˶ôùǰÿ죬ޱҸ
ȻУҲע⵽ˣܺõ죬ʱʱķ˫Ŀлʱʱ¶ޡʹ࣬飬ӡԺС
֮󣬰¹ȥһϢ뿪һ˿ʼǿɣںܶ󴴳֮±̲סʼټټ죬ͬʱҲ̲סȥ
Ϊּųޡʹʵ̫ˣȴ֪ԼˣԼôõˣ׾ʲô£Ϊʲôǵȼӳޡʹ
ǣɵ֮һģ棬ϤһУδǰֻԼֻغһĻĻ
ҲΪһε㣬漰ֻأǺų壬ѾɣȴҲ⵽˻ԵĴûڵʱֱ𣬵ҲԶˡ
һ죬޵ʱһһͽ֮ԼͷǺٰ뱾Դ񾵣鱾ԴںУȴǰȡ񾵣񾳺ֻ֮غ졣
̵Ĵ鱾Դÿʱÿ̶ؼĵܰﵽ
뿪һֱһֱһֱҵһֱһʦ
꣬촫֮֮·ǾˣҲڵʦ
Ӱ㿪ʼɢȥ׵׵ɢȥ죬е񣺡ʦףѩޣ
Ż䣬Ӱתʧ
ͬʱ𶯣𶯣ƬСУ￪ʼ⻪ĵâ֮ͬϯԴԴϵӿڡ
ȵâ̵Ĵ鱾ԴЩط֮۶ɣӿڣһУ֮һУҲһһԺʹ
˫֣˲߬վ֮ⷽڣ̲סһŭ


2317 ֱ
ֻǲʼǵ̣һԽ̵еŮԣڶԷЩ⣬һطֻعʹԷĲһԻ֪ԷΪҪԼͷǺٰ鱾Դȥ񾵣ȴ룬ԭǰ㡣
̣ΪҵǧഴټΪ֯ޡʹ֮㣬֪ԼʲôУȴ漰ֻأҲ˶ܻ֮ѡ
̲סŭΪԼŮʱ¶ĳޡʹŭû¶񣬵̾Ͳȥ׾ʲôҲͲᴥֻأΪѡ
ΪԼͷǺٰ鱾Դ̽ر񾳣ֻΪȵȡ񾵣񾳺ֻ֮
ΪԴ뱾Դںʹصڴˣ޾Ϊڴˣ͸ֻ֮Ϊ˰ʵ
ΪڴˣµֻغܼȴҲǽǵȼǿѹȥֻΪֻغ·ĬĬƿֻغ
̣һУܵİ
ΪһУʹͬںݴ̡
âӿڣ߬˫ָ֣ѪУֻ˵ĺøŨˣЩˣᷢ£
ˣ
ڣеһжڹ⻪ȫɵâ۶ɣеĵâһԴԴϵĳӿȥҪȥǾֱڵÿһ䣬ʹ侫񲻶
ͬʱΪҲŷɿ

֮⣬һƬΰĴڣȪһ硭
ʲô
һ̣ƬȪУȪڣһĸ߲㾡Զݡ
ڲǰǵõϢɲʧٵˡ
ʹһ𶯣ɲһǺһͬȼĹ壬ɲֱ侳ڣɲ磬ڸһǿߣǻȪͬǿһ壬ȴȻٵˣĴ糹ʧˡ
⡭
ôܣ
ǸħͻҲ£˭ѵǡ
һһڸ߲һĿ𾪺Ȼɲ徹Ȼٵˣʧǵ֪У֮ͥ⣬ֻſ¡
ͬʱһ죬һڤһһڸ߲㣬ҲǷ¡
壬ͬȪһ㣬Ҳ𾪲ѡ
һʱ䣬Զˣ뿪úɲ֮ء
ȪҲͬһʱ̳֡
ֱ侳Ĺϴڣտؼ䣬һǰԭһƬΰĴΪɲ磬ǸطȴûƬɲӰֻĿƬ
ֻϢ
ͻأ
طĵӰȻȪڤҪǿܶࡣ
ˣȪȪڤһڤǿ߽
ˣȻϵãֻŴеˣֱΪҺϣڹԪ
ϢûֻϢλ˸Ӳٵɲһ壬ѵǡȪ΢֯Ų˼飺Ǹֻ壿Ѿƿֻأ
ˡڣֻӡ
ƴ˺ʱֻ֣޾Զ죬Ϊֻأһ۾ͿݣֻһȻҲ֪£ֻ֪ݣǵǸСΨһҴˡ
ʲô
ĻȪʱݣڤҲһɫ
Ȼ֪еġֻӡָʲôˡ
Сӣ
ֻ
ڤһ
ǰ˴ҪĴѹֻ죬ȴû͸¶ݣҲֱʱ֪Բɵͷ΢
Ǹ࣬Ѿﵽĸ߶ȣ
֮ǰֻƿۣһɹǷǵֻӣֻӷѾĻҲȡû뵽
˵⻰üȪڤҲˡ
죬ǸСΨһҴߣһǱ𣬲ڵ죬ǴûΪʲôֻΪ̫СǸһ߶ϣ̫ԶˡʱΨһǼɵǣ£ΪĹϵѾĨɱˣڡ
Ƕû˿⣬ֻǼɵ񣬼طٵɲ磬ǼһĨ
еǸС࣬մȾֻغƿֻأȻѾﵽĸ߶ȣȻɱɲңɲٵˣ
£ȻˣҲûпõ
Ҳ˵սȻǳԽˣ
ĵһ뱨ֻӣ֮󵱻еһˣȥƿֻغǣһսѾӦԪֻǸԵ׼໥˲ƴʹһκһ˵ڣ֪ͨˣˣ̸ȥ
˽ŵ졢غˣΪλ˻ʱܶ˿ԣʱһ֡һΣܲˣ

棬ʮ򡭡
ˣ
ڣâ级˷ӿȴޱºͺʹӿڡ
վڰУ߬˫֣ŭ޺ʹ
ȻȴʲôҲˡ
꣬һԽ̵еŮǸ̵ŮˣֻعԻģ̵ִֻѣʶ㲻ϣûиĿܡ
ΪԼ
Ϊ񾳣Ϊ񣬴صâԴԴϵӿڣоԼľڲǿΪڲϵ
Ȼоĸģȴʹ
ʹ
ˣ
âӿڹѣѵĲ֣աľȻҲ⣬ΪâԻеһ±ԭʼâȫӿȥʹ侫ΪúǴﵽڵ۷Ρ
⣬ԶԶûͣ£޾âƣӿڣȻȻÿһѪ⡢Ǻ֮ڣʹ侫Ϊ
һۣʱȥ
պʧ˾ųɣӰԻصɽУϢһһһɱ䣬ڵ۷ﵽֱΡ
˵һ֮ϣһը졣
գһת۱û谵޴۶ںɫķԵϢǵض¡


2318 
𶯾
޴кͷɫ⽻֯Ҫһжݻ١
ϢС
Ϣʮټʮ޾һ̽Ǳսսӿ塣
䣡
һ̶ը죬谵ĲϣڵУһ췣¡
һޱ׺ȫ۶ɣʼһֱѹʮС
תۼͷǰ

ŭʹĵâӿڣʼδɢȥһֻ̣ȻȻĸһŭѹĵһ췣ɢ
ͬʱϣڵ͵һ漴ķѣת۱
ټĵھ±
ϣ߲ɫƸ֮£С
ȴ֮âһӿڣʹϵϢʹѪ⡢ǺȣԱԽԽǿ
ʱţתۼʱȥ
պȫʧˣеһУȫΪĵâӿڣʹΪֱֹڡ
ɽУڣ˿˿ƵİƮţվڹڣþδ
һۣվչȥ
պһ죬߬ŵ˫˿ⷽɽȣį뿪ڲṳ֮́ͥڡ
ͥڿտҲ˶ȥսˣ¡ꡢ桢ѩҹɡϾŶǣȥսˣҲʮ
ͥڣṳ́ͥڵɵֻ̤ĵط
ڵϥ£˫۽պϡ
̶һʱ䲻·ǹȥꡣ
ˣ
⣬˿˿ƵľɫʥȻȻĸǿʢưС

ʮ⣬ڣ䣬սϣɱֹ
ͥսǿǿƣȻǿߴڣʼǿߴڣͥںǿҪǿܶ౶ǣսͥռžϷ
Ͼǿʼ£ϻ졢桢ϵʿͷ䶼ܷǷȴչ˵档
ȥЩǿ⣬ȼǿߣ޷ͥᲢۣģս£һھԵơ
ܳ֡
򵥵Ĺڣһۣ֮Ͼƹվһ𣬿档
Ͼƹƽͣȴ䡣
СһСսڳ֡ϾƹңңĿʮǣⳡսҪ󡣡
ͷҲʮǣϧͬʱҲ¶Щ΢⡣
ǧŲԲԣۣ벻Сʮ˵á˶٣һԵϾƹ˵ά֮ϣһΪһΪۣ֪սһսֻΡ
ϾƹЩ档
Ͼƹƽͣ͸ؼУʤҲӮҡ
Ц漴̾Ϣ
ЩˣôšʥҲǻأ󣬾Ρ
дһ˿˿ء
Ͼƹº͵ӱЩ䣬Ŀʮǣø䡣

ʮǣͥ
ɵڣʥԽ֯ϥڣɫʥƣֻع˿˿ơ
ʱƣֻ֮Ϣ䣬ת˲
侫һóȡ
Ϊһøȡ
תۣһʱȥ
һºһ죬ʥ䣬˫˿
ɵڱչһ£Ϊȹֱڣֱͷȶɹֱʱǿˡ
Ҳһ죬ɵվ𣬶һͥڣ̤ʮǣ̤棬ڹؼ䡣
֮ǰһΰͼ嫵Ĵ磬ͬɲǰΰȻǻȪ硣
ĽŲûͣ£ֱĳǰܿⷽȪǰ
ʲôˣ
𣬻Ȫǿأһ̼忿ȪĻȪǿߣȫ˳ͨεβȡ
ĽŲûб仯ƽǰС
ǰڶһڻȪǿߣһ̷ֽɢ
ͬһʱ䣬ܼ֮ʥƸƵɱڸֶһ˲Ƿ飬ĹɢסȻֻ֯Ϣ
ǰԶƿһŻһ룬ڻȪڡ
Ȫ磬ͬɲΰУĶȥһһ˲תۼƬģڻȪǵΧ
Ȫͬɲǰϣƺ󣬲˿ȴԵЩž

𣬻ȪУһӰ֣ȻǻȪһĻȪ
죬Ȫһƽ֯Ż
һ̣ŻһڤһڤԴһŻ̤Įһʱϡ
ͬʱȪΧƬĻȪǿ߾ۼһͬһʱȫӡ̼ʹȪǱޱߵɱʥƸǣɢɱ
ɱһʱ佫
Ȫǰ̤һĵɱɲٵɲ磬⵱Сӵǳ򣡲ΪɱɲٵɲҵȻ᲻֪ϲһǣ᲻κ׼Ҫ̫
ȪĻͻأֹס
ǰڷ趯ֻȻµһƽ֯Ŀͳޡ

ȪֵĲҽУʶ䣬Լ걻һƬڣ˻𣬷˺ҧ꣬ʹԳܡ
һ̣ҽʧȪе֮ʧһɶ

Ȫ⣬ƿܼɱͻȪ籾ԴʥƵһڻȪǿ߸󺧣ţʲôҲûпҰУʲôҲûзʲôҲûȻǵȴͻأҽ֮⾹תʧˡ
ǵˡ
ǻڣȴѾʧϢ䱻ˡ

һڻȪǿ߾ŭ˼㣬Ȼûпʲôȴ֪ǵΪ
ھŭ֮£һڵĻȪǿߣޱɱƺͻȪıԴʥƴ߶ޣޱɱ֮ͻȪ֮ѹϡ
ǰЩӣȪö£һڻȪǿߺƿأܹŵɱǳˣ͵ֺ졣
¡
תۼ䣬ޱɱӿ֣һڻȪǿߺ֧ޱɱͻȪ籾ԴʥƣǵΪ£ƿԽһж
Ȫʬȥޱߵĺɫӿʮռ֡
͵ģѹɱ֮ȫͬʱƿޱɱͻȪ籾ԴʥƵһڻȪǿߣڵһʱ䱻ķ飬ȫ
ҲʱȪʬϣ֮ͷ­ն£
ͷ­Ҫʮ򣬴ǰ֮Сȥˡ
Ȫͷ­ƫͷĿ𺧵ľڤֻع۳ֻع⽣һ˵


2319 ֻ
ﬣ
ֻعֻع⽣նһĿֻؽֱӸա
ڤҪˣȻϵĿռȴȫסˣ˲ˣֻĿնֻع⽣ǺƺƵı
ҲʱһĿʥ£ֻؽ⵲
ĵӰͻأ֣⽻֯żΪ˵ϢڹԪ
ڤһɣ˳֣
ҡϣִߴֻеˣǿ
ΪȻֱ̤ˣҵȡС
ɫѿңдľ㤹
սڤĲͬǿĻȪһۼͱĨɱˡ
֪쾿ǸʱԻȪʲô
ԵմȾֻأӣĵǺܿ죡ĴֻУĿϣĵֻǵ͵壬ȴȾָλһ
ҺˣĿҲϣԵһƬ
쿴ͻأֵҺˣеĳ޺ͱʱøŨˡ
꣬С䣬СڵȫֻֻؾȪɲڤȫǧҲǣ
䣡
һֱӿˣֻع죬ֱƬֻѷֻӡ
¡¡ģƥֻϢһʱ佫ȫ֣˻
ߣʥԷӿֱӳһƬʥȫ۶ɡ
ͬһʱ䣬Һһ֣ǿʥ졣
ˣǹԪǿߣһ󾳽磬˿һ֣ԹԪΪ߶ͨǵɱ֮ƿѹһС
תۣ˵ֻͨѷֻײһ𣬾ֱĻ⣬ʹطĻȪһ˲ķѣԳǿʥײطĲҲųһĿѷ졣
ڤֱڵǿߣʱȻֻһ߿š
ȼĽ棬Ѿȫ岻ˡ
ĳӣȻ
ڤҧ
һǴĵ͵ϣԶԶԽǣ죬ƺʲôҲ㲻ˡ
ȸоǱʺͷŭ
¡
ʥܴײҺϵĹԪֻͨѷֻײĴײ˫ײĿĻԣȫײĻԹâûˣԪ֮£κ̤붼˲ѡ
Ҳʱ켤ĻâеĻ֮ϴһֻͶӰ㣬δ˵һһ
һĻʹ˵붯ݡ
˺ĴֻѷֻײмĻǿֲ˼㣬Ȼ쾹ȻƽصУЩ˵Ļ֮δ˵һ˿һͬ͸崩͸
ĽŲûκα仯𺳶ݵɲǼ䣬Ļʥ⣬Һ˽ǰ
ѾǱˣ˫УͫϽоֺ½֯ءˡ
ۣ
Ϊﵽֱ侳ͥɵڱչһ£ĸ͸˫ۣԽԼޣֻҪǿ˲ɱɴƽصĴ˵ʹѹǵȻ紩͸ް㣬˺Ĵ
ƿˣ翣⣬һ֡
ֻۣۣ۵ĻԣҺϽǰ𣬵ݻһ޴С
ˣ
ε֮УƥͬʱС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽĸǿĹԪǿߣһʱը鿪
м𶯣˵꣬һѹ
ˣ
Զڤʧɫ
ҺϣɶֻڹԪȴһͱ
ҲʱǿڳĿ⣬˹ȥ
㡭
ӭĿ⣬ǿĹĳһ
н֯ɱâ˲ھڤǰ
ⲻǼ޵ٶȣ۵ĵڶ˲ơ
һضڣĿ˲ƶض뷶Χڵκһط
ﬣ
̧֣ޱʥֱӳն¡
ڤ㤣ҪܣȻһ̣ǿ֮£ȴˣ޷ˣҲ޷ܣ̲ס󺰣ס
ۣ
ۣ
ʥն£ƬĿѪڤͬʱըҲһ飬ֻʣȾѪͷ­˫ɵĹԲлдо㤺Ϳ־塣
̧֣ץͷ­
ͬɲͷ­ͬȪͷ­ҪЩ˵ͷ­ȫȥǵͷ­峤֮顣
䣡
ʥ
Һһ԰˴У
˴г¿죬˵ӽǱɭ
ͬʱǸӦ˾ڤϢʧˣлȱ˵ѪӶʱøɭ
ϣ
һ˺ĴȻת۱ˣǵڤڼ̻Ȫ֮󣬾Ҳطɱˡ
죬һʱи˵ʥϯޱȺˡ
֮󶯵ͨһ̱ͬʱͬʱ
쫷磬һɹɵľ𣬴ǰĺڷ
ˣֱϣ𣬽֯ˡ
һ̣۱պϣֺʧֻصơ
ֻۣ
ˣ
ƬֻѷŸ֣һֻҲһƺƵ
һʱ䣬ֲһֽԳԽһѹ䣬תۼ˼ͨײһɲС
һ̣Ĵֻͬʱõŵŵɵĺˡ
ﬣ
̶쳹˻ģ춢ˣ۳ֻع⽣ֱһ
̼䣬ֻؽâֻ֣ع۶ɣͬʱ֡
ӭֻؽâ˿ܣͨӭȫ¡
ȻҲʱһοǰ
ˣ
պһνƵ˽ǰĿ壬ֱӳֻͼ
ɵֻͼֻ֯ʥƣɢ嫡ʥϣʥͼһʱ佫ȫ¡
˵ɫԱ䣬Ŵɵֻͼѹ£ǽǸов

һ˾ŭ
к۵ĳӣΪһ󾳽磬˺ȴȫѹˣʱǸовǵԤϡ
ֻͼѹ£внøŨ˼
󣡡
Ҹȵ


2320 ֻ
ҿڣȳ֣ڵһķɳ
ǹϵʥƣʼһֱǰθʮ֯ޱʥܡ
ⷽ磬Ϊĵĳ֣һ¡
ңɵֻͼҲ΢
ͬһʱ䣬ϣڣһ˴ķɳļһģһҲʼһθʮ
漴˵ĺҵͬʱ𶯣໥һ𣬵һʱ佫ɵֻͼƷɣ֯һ󣬽С
ˣ
۴󣬷أ̼аʥƺƵѹ졣
ǰڷ裬ֻ𣬾ֱޱߵֻع⣬ֻѷ˼İʥӭϡ
ߣתۼײһ𣬱ĴĿâһжסˡ
ͣ
һ죬ԣޱߵֻعֻѷķ飬ʥֱϣӿ˼㡣
ǳ£ƿɻһС
ֻ۵һʱպϣʹ廯ޣѹİʥֱĴд
ޱ˵һʱ价ƶٴݻ˴ˡ
˴оϸ֣ΪԶݿ࣬Ϣɲ
ߣ
Уߣˣڴ˿˿Ҳ⣬֮£˵ʥ⣬ڣֻϢ֯顣
ΪЩʲôλ˴ҵȵĻɱʥλµֻʥɵӭս໥۳ɱ󣬿ѹУ

廯ޣеĹ޵ܿ˺ȥ۵ܲǿܳܵĹܻޣ
ڡ
֪ܳǵĹã
ϳ
򣡡
ӱ䡣
һ߶ĸģĸ۳һʱи˵ɱ֮Ƶڼֻ֮֯Ϣ֮ǰǿ̫ˡ
¡һתۣȰɱ֮ѹǰϡ
ʹ廯ޣʱȴҲǲɵþΪͬʱ߶ĸĽ֯ɱǿңڸֻֻȻܹһɱǵ˵ѹѾ۽廯޵ܵ˼ĸţﵽһܵĽ㡣
¡һ˴߶ĸ𶯳ɱʱƣøǿ
飡
һ죬Ȼʹ廯ޣȴɻ±𿪡
޵һʧȥ˱ܿ˺ֱֻۣӵֻֻ֮֯شѷ쳯ӭϡ
ͬһʱ䣬וּһֻؽ޾ƴһʱ佻֯ޱߵɱֻضҲһ𣬶ʮս˲
ﬣ
Զʮս߶ֻؽʩչֻ۵ֻϢˡ
ƥɱ֮һʱ˴߶ĸļɱײһ
¡
𶯰˻ġ
ѾķѵĻȪ磬һ̱øưܣϺ͵رϽǸֳһһѺۣͬ֩һ㳯ӿȥˡ
ռ𶯣ƬƬ
һѪ
ͬһʱ䣬棬ҺǴҲѪ
ýǿ󣡡һ˲˲ĶеֻؽжĿâŽ漴죬øӵɭӣմȾֻغ͵ȫһˣܹս
Σһ
ӹɭ
䣬ڳʥ⣬ͨһ̳֮߶ֻģʹĶʱ䱬ӿɱѹư˻ġ
ĵȫ
Ż䣬ǳͨһ㣬ĵܴ߶ĸǿ
ϵ£Ҳһ㶯֣˺ǿͨ߶ĸΪɱģʹطһʱ䱻ֲϢû
򣡡
ĵһ֣ĸҡƥɱӿ¡
Զʮս߶ֻۺֻؽִһһԻһӭϡ
߼ײһ𣬸⽻֯ʹôպϵıѡ
Ȫֹסҡڱ飬ڳݣһĩ֮
飡
ɣȾѪϸѺۡ
˺߶̫ǿֻֻȻֻм٣ȴҲޱȿֲ˵ɱ֮ǿ̫̫࣬޼᲻ݡ
ֻǣȻ£ȴû˿⣬˫Ŀеĺ⼫Ũøӵı壬ɱâøŨͷڷ趯ֻؽĹɱ

ŭ
һĻĻԺлص峤۰Щһɳ飬һըѪԺ֣ħ
ʮսӣֻؽʥ⣬ֻ۽֯ޱֻˡ
ߣĿ䣬ĸģȫ߶ֻµֻǸԵĵͨںһ֮£
Ϊһ󾳽£ԶʮսֻؽնֻȺ棬ҽɵҲһ
䣡
ҵĽ棬ʱת۹ȥӣȪ粻ϴøӵưܡ
ȾҵĽ£Ȼƿֻ֮ĸģܴ߶ֻȴǱһδˣʱʱѪˮȳ
ͬʱҲǲⴴֻѾǱ鲼ѺۣѪˮ
ٶһˣһֻģת۾Ϳɽ֮ѹ

ֻؾһһģֻͣɵʩչҲɾһɱʩչһԽ࣬ɱǻԽǿ
ԱߣˣΪλ˻ڲ֡
ˣѹӣ򣬱ûֻţ

ΪֻǽԷǷףԶȪ˵ĴڣңǴڹԪһ󾳽磬ֶƿֻµֻֻģǣ˺ѹڵ죿

Ҳڡ
£ȫ֣ĸֻıøӿ£֮ĺ졣
ȻȾѪǰڷ裬Ŀ񣬾һδⴴȴû˿ˣֻؽնˣֻۺ໥Ͻ棬񱩵ĺˡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĽ棬תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱʱȥҺϣϲѺۣķ񹥻£һ˸صĴˡ
˵ĸأȻĿȴǸһͷħ
ϣǹˣ
ȵЩкŨ
ĴֻΪ߳һ󾳽磬ĸֻȫ߶ɱȴֱڻûܹ졣
ɱ
ϡͬ㣬ʱҲЩȡ


2321 ˣֻ
ĸֻʥԱǣ໥һ𣬱ͨ߶ƺתۼǽ˷ÿһռ䶼ȫˡ
嫵ɱƥʥâֻ֮ĳѹ¡
ȾѪͷڷ裬ֻؽϣޱֻعһʱԻ
תۣ˫һײһ̼䱬Ļ֮⡣
ֻؽֻۼԦֻع⣬ʱֱֻۣ۵翵֮ӭĴսɵһ𶯡
䣡
䣡
䣡
ӼҵĽطչټĻȪӾҵȪǳ׻˲棬񷲻ϱѣϳݣгҽ
תۼ䣬ײ˰ӡ
ӺطɱâƽϢЩ˸Ѫ
һߣը飬ѪˮȾա
ҵͬһ󾳽磬ֻ죬㣿
ը壬ĵ
ӽĮУڣö˵ʲô󡭡
ͻȻʮ΢𣬴Ļ
ԲǧڣһֻعԻһ֮֯ͬʱ֣ʶ㣬һֻ֮⣬һֽʮռȫ
һĻʹ˸ͫһ
֮ǰǼսʱֻܵļֻع֮ʱ챻Ǻδ飬ȴͬʱֻع֮
ңʱֻع֮ǵĸоУ֮ǰǿˡ
Ҳʱһֵֻعһֵ֮ӿ壬⻪˸䣬תۼؾۣǰڷ趯˫ţһ̻
ڣֺ»ƣĪ⡣
ڣ޾ƽ֯ˡ
֮ͺ嫵ֻ֮ԴԴϵӿ֣Ծ衣
ˣ
ֻأ
㡭
˶ʱݣһ۵ˣһ۵ֻأͻأһ
һ̵죬һһֻص죬һּΣյĸо
ֻ˻⣬зƬȪǰĺڷ
ˣֻۣһֻӣһͷ޸ʵڵһ㣬ȫֻع۶ɣˡ
ϢˣӴ󣬵ٶȴǿ켫ǿȫܲ
ʱ۵ģĵѪըһ뱻ײ顣
࣡
Ѫ䶯ʥ˸䣬ת۳һļ£ͷֻؾޣ궼ɵһӵĺ̫ˡ
Ҳʱ춯ˣۣھֺ˲ǰ
ʱɫ˲ٽӡ߶ֻĹ졣
Ȼ˿붯֣ٶαȵù죿
ˣ
Ͳȭֻع⻷ȭˣһɲϡ
۵һѪˮĽķѡ

ŭ𣬱һȭ飬ȻֱӾת۾۳ٶ롣
ֻǣڽǰת۱Ǳϣֱӽ·ȫ
ˣ
һ죬ӳڶȭƥֻع⾶ֱȭˣϵĿռọ̈̄һɲǼʹֻع⳹ѹơ

ϺҼһĻһ֣߶ֻģʹĸֻıɱâֻ֯ڵֻ֮ٹ
ӿɱâתǰ
챳ˣɱâ޶ãʹޣɱֻ֮ȭһͬʱϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽǿͷ­⣬һαķ顣
̧֣ͷ­ץУ˫Ŀ붯ֻ֮֮һ֣ԼһûУһһѹ
ģҡ
ŭֻع֮漴һ̱ǱҽУ󣬲ҽɲʧˣץŵͷ­⣬ˡ
ʹţ

ô᣿
Һϣɫ䡣
ɱˣ
㣬㡭
¿죬Ŀ˫Ŀϣһǲɵһ
쿴ˣͷ­𣬻ȥ
ֻع֮ͬʱ֯ϣ˫𣬳ȥͬʱһֻشѷһڿ˴ͬһʱ両֣ϵпռȫֻ֮֮ƺƵͬʱѹ䡣
ֻۣۣۣԭֻͬʱʹһ֣Ҫʹֻۣ͵ñۣҪʹۣ͵úֻۣ˵ļҽ£ڷɱͳ޵ִ£ͻƣһµɱ䣬ֻۺ໥ڣֻۣۣͬʱʩչˡ
ⳡɱ䣬ֻۺ۽Աøǿսȵ
ˣ
ޱߵֻع֮Ӹѹ£˷Ϣǿʢˡ
˾ŭ֧ĸֻģһαƥɱһߵֵѹֻع֮һ̤߳ȥɱˡ
Ĳû˿仯һǰʹ廯ޣѹɱֱ֮Ӵ޵дĴƬճƬ
Ҳʱ˽ǰһеֻѷ졢Сֻع⡢֮ܶʱ˵зϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪŽ˸δסֱӱ
ʹŭ𣬴߶ĸֻģʥ⣬Լ
ﬣ
ڴ˿
ʩչرƿֻؽ͵նһĵֻؽƺƵĳĸֻȥ
ͬһʱ䣬嫵ֻعӿ˹ʱ䣬ڴ˿ĵֻؽһĸֻѹ䡣
ĵ촫ֻعӿ˹ֻؽһѹ䣬ĸֻķ顣
㣡
Һɫһδ䣬һξֻ͸ǵɱֻ죬Ȼˣ
Ĳû˿仯۽ֺ֯£Ī⣬ֻ۽֯޾ƣϣתۼ˽ǰֻشѷ졢Сֻع˹һ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһըͷ­µȫ٣˵ͷ­ǿеУ˫һֻںһ𣬻һֻغ˴Ԩ
ֻ˽֯Ԩɲ˺дϯһУﶼѡ
Һϵޱȣ걬âĳԶ롣
Ȼֻغ˺һԨ̫ˣǸ벻ˡ


һ̣˵屻ͬʱԨ֮ڣвҽд漴ֺܿžȥ
ˣţ
һʱ䣬طð࣬ΨйҽڲϵԵص׳
ȪѾǱ鲼ѺۣƱմɣһ̾ͻ顣
վڲƵĻȪϣеľֺʧеֻصɢȥżȾѪͷ­һ̤ѾĻȪǣ뿪Ȫ硣


2322 һ
ӻȪ̤ŻȪ˵ͷ­ľԶȥ
ʥƵһʱ⻷ƶ̤ȪϮɱ֮ʱͬʱչ֣˵Ҳֻֻµֻ֮ڴ˿ǿһĺ󷽡
Է
䣡
Ȫһ˲䱻Ȼûֱը
ȥ뿪ȪԽԽԶ̤棬ʮǵС
СУʣɲͷ­÷ڷǰ
Ȫ˵ͷ­£Ҳڷǰڷǰ¡
ڷǰǰķ棬

Сз磬ԶҶУҲ˿˿ɳڡ
תۣչȥ
պһ죬վ뿪С򣬻صƬͥ塣
ͥںܼžһӰҲ˶ȥսˣʼδ顣
ͥڣͣʮ⡣
һ̣ӰϢʧͥڡ

δ֪硭
䣡
ڣɽʣн֯˵ĻϢҲѪϢ
¡ɡͼһѾ뿪ͥս˺ܾã֮ÿ߹һƬ磬ͥ콫û˿
߹ĵطǵͥ콫һǱȫĨɱ
Ϊһ̫ǿˣ֮ͨϣǿо˵ʣҶƿ˵սԶһͬǿ߿ȡɣ̳µǿѪʱ䷨һǺɨУҪ£ΪֻǴͨأһĻǿҲݣֵŭµɼʱ䷨򣬸ˡ
£ǿ쵽ʣΪﵽת۷壬ͨͿռͬʱΪʥ壬ʼļֻرԴڣǿСֻ壬Ŀﲻﲻ
һȺһÿ߹һطǺܿɨ콫
䣡
Ƭ൱ǳһ̤Ƭ粢ûжãɱâݺᣬһһҰе콫һһն
ߣӣ
оһ콫־壬һȺˣȥֵ
£Ⱥ콫ɿĳط롣
ӣȥ
дŷŭЩһֱԼĸ׵£зŭҲгޣֱʱ䳤ӽ֯ʱĲƺƵƺˡ
һ콫Ӿ֣ӿٵĳԶӶݡ
ȻҲʱٷɶݵһ콫ס̷ɽ⣬ɻҡ
̤ѭµ˵ϢӲ¡
һ΢һ¾˹ȥı죺㶼ȥĶˣŮõģ
û¡
ḧɵͷ
ЩӣɱɲˣеĺⲢûɢɺܣѭµ˵Ϣ˵ԼϱԼŮЩ
֡
ˡ
ºͼǰ죬̿ڣжĹġ
쿴ǣڳ·ôãǣֻøӺЩ
硭
Ϧ죬ô֣Ŀ΢Щ
֪УһֻضԭûѪϵԼԭá
ǰϦӵ뻳УСϦǸãۺʱı䡣
ʱȻ֪Ϧʲô
Ϧ΢ı죬и⣺ţ
Ƭ̺ɿϦǣ¡
µϢǿˣĿϣû¾ͺá
򵥵ĸ֣ͣеĹȴǷǳŨ

ͷ
£ЦڣЦĳ
ǰ֣
ǿҲܴϻۣģȻܹ֪ʲô
Ǵһʲôľ֮С
δûȾ죬ȥЦ
оԼµ֣֣ܴܶů
֮ǰȥˣ
ʱʵ
ȥЩ¡
ûо˵ȥʲô
Ҳû׷ʣ֮صڣһ𣿡
֪ԼĸǲҪȥ¡
һ𡣡

ֻֻؾɲȪڤʮˣĶʦĨˣԼЩն˰ˣʣˣֱֻ졢غ
֮ǰһսĹУѾϢֻѰֻ˵ʵغڹԪڣ촦ڹԪͷֻ쾳ͷ
ټȻҲ֪ˣֻڼȡ棬棬졢غΪԷ
ʵҪĨɱغ𣬲ѣҪɱֻǿȴңΪҪǣ졢غ˶Ϊֻֻһ˭Ҫͬʱˣͬһʱ䣬Ӧˡ
ֻͷƬ棬ƿصֻǿܶ࣬ڵǶֻ֣֮Ĳ̫ˡ
뱨еĳʱ޿̲ڷڣǣȷڵĳޣѹˡΪڵȥֻˣֻ·һҪɹھԲ
ͬʱΪǣΪԼŮҲΪǣûš
ʱΣصУ׼һ𣬽ͥƬȥ
ͥںɱ޾ѣǳͥʹޣǱƬ޾飬ýͥƬ档
ţһһ𣡡ԼĸҪʱһսЩʱ޿̵Լĸԣͥǵ棡
˵⻰߬˫֣Ҳжͥ⡣
˷ɵͷ֪ΪԼۣΪԼʹͥ
ңңĿƬ磬ƬĴ磬ż콫ɱƬڵ޾飬һһѡ
˫仯۾ֺ½֯޾Ƹе޾һʱֻӸ֣ڣһͷһͷ޸ǡ˫ĿɢϢޱˣͷҡ
һĻʹطһ˽ԾĸоֻӵĿ£ܸоֻ̤һͷͷ޵ĿֲƺһѹС
һ˵Ŀϣ˫ۣһɵǶݣȻ¶⣬죬ֻ۾Գƣȫһ
ͬʱΪ첢δʲôҲڴ˿̸оΪе𺳲ɵøŨˡ
㡭Ѿﵽֱ侳ˣĿľݣĿһ˲˲ϣУۣ⣬ѵǡ
Լ׵ۣԼסСԼλùö֪ۣԼ׵ۣȴǵһμ
ʱȻǵһμȴԼµЩʲôϲɵ¶𺳵ı顣


2323 ͥ
Ȼ֪ѾµˣҲû˵ͷֻۡ
˫ۣ
𺳡
ͰȻҲ𺳣¶⣬Щ΢⡣
˵еֻۣۡۺʱۣڼۺֻҲƿˡҪֻ֪ۣۿšǿĳν
ʱǿ죬ΪֻֻۣһԳƵ˫ۣһֵغϡ
˫ۺһˣһֻأڵĺ˧
츧˸ͷֻ𣬶Իֻؾȥɡ
䣬طͷֻؾХԳͬķƬĸ䣬һۼǿԶ
ЩޣֻۻΪֻ۵һ
Щֻؾޣǵսֻؾ޵˥ľԽ࣬ÿһͷ޵սԽͣľԽ٣ʹÿһͷ޵սԽǿ
ͬʱһ棬ΪҲֱӰЩ޵ս
ֱ侳Ϊʱͷֻؾޣÿһͷת۷弶ʵսĺڣƬͥ콫ûκǶ֣ԺܿĨƬڵ콫
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿյһһĻصͷֻؾ޺ܿ嵽Ƭĸ򣬵һʱ俪ʼͥƬбɱ¾һ콫Թ
ֻۻЩޣÿһͷԿת۷弶ǿߣսˣЩֻؾ޵Ĺ£Ƭڣûһ콫ܵһ
ҽƬ粻ϻصҽеĶȴǱˡ
Ϊ֮ǰĲҽУƬڵĺȲҽлͥһ콫һ콫̿֡
⣬ǡ
Ƭڵĺʿԭھֵĵֵͥһ콫ֻؾ޳ʱĲΪͥսȴǲ룬Щֻؾޣһֿʼǹɱͥһ콫ЩʿȻûκһ˿⡣

ҽлصһ콫Ĩɱŵֻؾ޵콫ǣ־ˣʼӡ
Ȼֻؾ޵ʵ̫ǿˣƬڵǿ콫Ҳֻ̫龳磬ӵˣ

ֻؾ޵Ĺ£һ콫ĲҽвϾӾ֣
ʹƬ翴һĻĻĺʿǴ㶣ȷֻؾ޲ṥǣȷЩֻؾֻͥ콫һǱü
ɱɱǣ
ɱ
һںʿ߬˫֣ǳޣֻؾ޴󺰡
һ죬Ƭڵ콫ԣǻԵġ
ʱ䣬ֻǹȥӶѣƬڣ콫ȫĨ
£ȻоõֻؾǵҰԼҰͨǣܸźԶжս֪һС
߰ɡ
ºǵ֮ǰͷֻؾޣʧ
ţ
֣ĵͷ
֮ǰİӣһֱطѾǴֻ֪ؾ޵һУȻֻؾ¡
ں񣡡
һ羴ĿԼĸס
УܵģȻȴûеĲǿˡǿǿĸ飬ڣԼĸ׾
û˵ʲôɵԴɺµ˺ܿԶȥ
úǳһƬ磬һֻٻͷֻؾޣЩֻؾޣսƬ磬Ĩɱһ콫
һ콫ԣһѣһ콫ϱĨɱ
ܿ죬Ƭڵ콫Ĩɺȥһ磬ٻľޡ
ʱ䣬һţֻ֣ٻʮֻؾ޹ͥ߹ĵطƬ֮Ĩе콫
תۼ䣬һʱȥ
ֻ֡أ
Ǹ˵еֻ壬Ƭͥˣƿֻأ
⡭
֣һĨɱһһ콫ת꾳ͥǿ߿ϳֻۣ±ǽ˿ȥһʱﴫ˺ĸ䣬Ƭбɱ¾һ콫Ծ㤡
ֻأǿƬǿϵһƿصǾ޵֮
ͥڣһЩǿĴڶ֪ͥˣƿֻأǿޱߣѹУ
һʱ䣬Ƭڵһ콫ɵһɺ
ͬʱƬսʼ桢ԿˡϻԪʵˣС̫׻ƵԼҶͯСˣȻҲǶϢһǲɵ¶ݣĿ𺳡
ֻʣǸˣѾƿصֻأ
Ǹһֻƿصˣ
ʦ
ˣڲͬλսϢ󣬸Ŀݡ
Сʦܣ
ͰҲ֪£Ǽжϧ
Ϊʦ֣ǵСʦֻ񣬾Ϊƿֻظ
ǵСʦԸԳƿصֻأΪʦ֣ʦܸˣҲۡΪǺߵһ죬ǵСʦ̫ܳĿࡣ
ͬһʱ䣬ƬսͥһɱɽҲ֪¡
ɵ۴ˣ
֪£һɱɽ
ɵ۴ڳ֣һսֵǣɱ׹Ⱥ
ǿɽ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һɱɽӦһսǣĹɱͥ콫
սŴ˺ʹһʹһǿߣҲ֮սǡ
ͥǣɱ
׹Ⱥߣ
ɱ
һǿŭս
Ƭ棬սѾһ꣬ʧأ޾ѣȻΪֵԵʣΪƿֻص´սǣͥһ콫Ϊֻ˼ɵηսʵԶԶǺһȣڽϣȴǽʼươ
֣֮߹һƬƬ磬ͥɱɽۿֻۣۿչֵֻͨиĺʿҲĿã漴һսøǿսƺǿˡ
ͥ콫ҲĿõĿõٻֻؾ޵Ŀֲһø㤣ͥսԸٶ˥䣬Ϊ֮
ڣڻȪĴƬսӪȫ١սһڵȫƿֻصԼһս£ǿ콫ʼӶݣ㤺Ϳ־ɿƬ档
ͥսǻԵĴ֮󣬵иǿ콫ʼӶݣһ콫һһԿʼ롣


2324 չɵ
֣ƿֻص´һķͣս𲽱ǣͥһ콫ˣһĿʼ롣
£һʰ֮ǣһսӱǣ׷ɱͥһ콫ʹͥһ콫Ķжס
ˣʱһΣ¹ȥ
µʱһ͵Ŀ洫ͥ뵽콫֣ȫ˺ɡ
ʤˣ
棬һǿ߼Ĵ
ɵۣ
֮ͥĺɵһ
ɵ۵ʤͥʤǺɵʤ
һһǿ߿д
һʱͥǿ󣬺ʿĿãԭ˶һܣʤǿͥȻǺȴʤˣʤʹǿͥǱӶݡ
ս֣һʿ֪ȫΪƿֻصĹϵƿֻص֣ɲʤ

һƬδ֪Ĵ硭
ɽʣºһ֪ͥ˵¡
ʤˣ
ɱֱۣϴЩ͸ˡ
ʤԭΪĸ׳ֵԵʣ׵ֻ塣
ɵԴоֺɢȥֻص䣬˫Ŀ»ָƽʱģ
߰ɣʮȥ
ɺǵ
š
µͷ
ѩҹŮҲͷߣһ뿪Ƭ硣
ƬڣԶųȺĺʿ֮ǰĿ춯֣Ƭ磬ʱµ뿪볯ıӰд
ɵۣ
ͥںܾǰʹ棬֮ͥȻҲɣн磬ûм˻᲻֪죬ʱһڵʿžء
죬Ƭ罫ƺͻ죬ɿҲ١
һڵʿĵĸм죬羴죬ʤ
µ뿪Щ˵ͷʾ⣬ת۱뿪Ƭ硣
뿪Ƭ磬ܿ죬µ˻صǿУصʮǵͥ
ɵ۴ˣ
ͥѾвٵɱɽصһ֮ͥ⣬վһƬȫطȴ֪սһطͥ⣬ӭԼһع顣
ˣ뵥ϥ򵹣֮ͥ⳯д

ԼȥԼ£º̤֮ͥڡ
ʱһȥصͥ󲻾ãơҶͯ׻С̫һһصͥʼ桢ԿҲ̵
úȻϻҲͥ壬һ̤
죡
С̫䵽ǰץ·۾ǹС
Сһ˵׵ˣȸ׺ĸ׻Ҫ׺֪ܶ࣬Ĺһ࣬սһֱоܡ
챧Ȼ֪СһĹĺ⡣
˲ã˲ðʼ濴죬Ǹпֱֻ侳ҪѹϷ򣬵Ҳˣĵӡ
ֱ侳磬ڹԪ磬Ϊϱ˺ܶ࣬ǣܸоϢĿ£޵ֻϢо궼ɵ΢ܹ϶죬ʵսѾԶԶȡ
ǼϹͷѾԶԶ˦ںˡ
ϻп
ԱߣԪĬĬͷ죬Ѿ̫ǿˣѾԶǿɱȡ
һ룬ǰΪǺεȲΣʱֻ̫̫࣬ȥôЩӶѣȴѾǳԽǣԶԶĳԽǡ
쳯ʼһһЩ˶ǰΪ
Ҳʱ𡢻̫һص
ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ֡ʦ֡
쵱ӭȥ
ͻˣԲֻʦֳ֣һĴڡ
ȥЩ꣬λʦֶޱ۰ǴҪѧǶĽ̵ȫЩ꣬һδΪս
ǵתȻ̫ϺͻЩԣȻӸԴ϶ԣȴΪ
á죬ļͷĿޱºͣѾԽСʦܣܺãʦΪе
Ͱ˶ǰ˶̫۷ΣܹоΪֱ侳ͬʱƿ˺ֻأѾǿ̫̫ˣǷĵΪеˡ
úúãǵСʦܣܺã
𿪿ڡ
ллʦ֡
ǰԵ÷ǳǫѷ
һ죬ʮͥ˺ܶˣʶǰ͹ˣȫۼͥ壬Ϊ˺ʤΪ
ˣʵΪȻѾﵽֱ侳߶ȣͬʱƿۺֻۣƿ˺ֻأʵʵ̫ˡ
ͥһ콫棬ʤӣֵףӣ֮ͥ⣬һڴǴھأȻͥȴûУͥһˣ֪ʲôܹȥʲô
һ죬ʼ桢ϻ졢桢Կơ桢ˣһ˵˺ܶ໰һֱҹʱ֣һ˲ŽɢȥΨзͥȥʦֵʮˣΥһ
ЩˣЩʣЩ
졣
̫ˣҲ졣
֮ǰᵽԼȥɱɲˣΪʦ֣Ȼ˽Լ˵СʦܣѾֱ侳ΪƿֻأսѾԶԶʮеĺܶˣ֪֮ǰһѾϹʮеĳЩˡ
ɲȪڤҡϣնˡھλʦ֣ǲʲô˵ţ߬߬˫֣вıгֶ֮ʣֻ졢غǾһ𡣡
Ļ𡢻̫֪ӦѾնʮеļˣĻȴǲɵóԾ
֮ǰΪֻǻɱɲȪڤĸֱ侳ڣ룬ҺĸֻĹԪҲնɱˡ
ܿ죬˶ع
ãɱĺã
ͳ
ֻʮˣٵСʦУҲޱȷŭʱնɲͻȪȰˣо˺ܶࡣ
ļ򣬶˶٣ֻһֱһֻΪܿ£ʱСʦ㻹Ƕ֣֮Ҫ嶯Ϊȥȥֻ
ֻĳˣΪֻɲƬѰʲôԻٵС䣬峤ˣ֪ʹֻЩѹĵ׵ĳޣ׶ξͳֻ
֪ʦ֣Ҳǰ嶯ˡ߬˫֣޾ĳޣסԼΪҲԼΪȥֻǶ֣ȫ쾳ǰҲȥ
ͷļ򣺡ʦ־ͷˡŵѾԶԶԽǣʦܰﵽĲˣҪǵã峤Ȼȥˣ㲢ǹµһˣʲôʱʦʦﶼڣʦǶڣǶ㡣񣬳ǣ˵ǣСɣİãС̫һ飬ԣһûţţ
΢漴صͷǣʦ֣һһֱǵã
áͷĿºͣʦֵܣܶûһ߶ˣͥ洦ģ֮ȥչҲȥС
ͬĳޣֻ졢غ𻹻ţ֪һеҪΪʵȥˣɱ
ͻˣҲиСʦܵսԶԶδͥδսᣬҲüǿֻвϱǿſɸİﵽ졣

ͷ
һ죬Լλʦͥ̸࣬ĵࡣ
һۣһҹܿȥ
һ峿ʱ֣ʱ뿪ͥȥط
ԽͳֱͥʧҰУػͥ
»صͥһʱ˵˺ܶ໰ҹĻʱͥɵڣһ쿪ʼչء


2325 Ҵʮ
ͥʥɵͥڣֻΪɵ۵̤С
ɵڣֹƽ֯ͥʮǧܽڴ˴Ϣ硣
һ죬̤ɵڣɵϥ£ֻľһʱתľɫʥһƽ֯Ծ
ˣ
ɵڵĿռ䣬һʱ䱻֯ŵľɫʥȾ˲㵭ɫ
һǰ룬Ϊﵽֱͷֻ֮ۺͬʱһɱ䣬һѾﵽֱڡ
ʱ򣬾ɵڣֻľתͥڹܲϳӿһʱ佫֮ûЩͬʱֻء
ֻأĺɲ⣬Ȼƿֻأֻֻܼȴǻ̫Զ̫Զֻصľţһëδƿص
ɵɻֻأֻع
ֻعⴿͣȴޱȣưУƿ
ֻع⵱ǿ
ͬʱתֻľڵʥҲޱ˳һЩȽѵѶĶޱȵļ򵥣ֻһ˲ס
ˣ
⣬ɫԱøŨֻعøŨ
ͬһʱ䣬ɵڱչأ֮ͥڣС̫ҶͯҲͥλŬʵΪ֪սδĳ˻ֻ졢غĳ˾ǵĳˣҪǿøǿδſɰﵽɱֻˡ
ȻΪ죬ֻΪ˺棬ػĽҲñǿΪֻ棬ֻǼ˲Ǿһֱа
ǣɱֻٵֻͥˣսŻĽ
ֻˣƬز
⣬ͥ䳡ϣͥһɱɽ䳡ϡصĿйԪƹŷʮɽ塢ʼµĹԪϣ߶طһɱɽ䳡ϣŬ
еɱɽ£֪Լ˵ͥŲ֮ŬĿǼ򵥣ֻǿֻδǿǣΪԼ価һ
ˣ
䣡
ͥڣһͬλãһʥڽ֯ն΢
ºɵҲǲиͬ㣬Դ
ͥճѩڰţеһУɵڽС

ϥɵУɫʥƣֻعһơ
ɵĬĬĬĬֻء
侫һ
ˣʱһţתۣȥ
һ죬͵֮ͥϣͻأһƬһ޴н֯ڣһɫ⽻֯ھһʱû谵һƬȻĻϢǵض£סͥ
ϢʹͥеİˡԿԼһɱɽ;оѣͬʱ֮Ͽȥ
٣
⡭
˽𺳣Ųϵƣƫͷɵ
ͬʱͥһͥԺڣºɵȻҲǶоѣһҲǳɵڵλÿȥ˶Ǵ󾪣Ҳݡ
٣̤Ԫˣ
𺳡
ʱֳٺĸΪͥڣĸ⣬ûͨɾ٣ңֲ١
ʹĿľݣΪԼĸױչزѣ̶ʱ䣬Ȼʹֱ侳ڴﵽ˹ԪΣٶȣֱ̫ˡ
⡭
ԱߣҲ𺳡
ʱ䣬£ҲֻǴת۷ﵽڵڣ죬ȴǴֱڴﵽ˹Ԫ磬ٶȣ¾Զδܱȵϡ
䣡
ϣɫһԾϢˡ
ģϢűøֲʮ졣
Ҳʱͥڣɵڷɳһֻع⣬һʱݻֻӣһͷɾԻϢأֻһŲϳȥ
תۼ䣬ֻֻؾһײڣߴײĺĿĹֱʮڵÿһռ䣬۾
漴һۣȥĿĹɢȥֻӺֻؾʧϵҲ֮ʧھת֮»ָ
һĻһʹɵ𺳣ʹðҲļ¡
Ԫ٣Ȼ
̲ס
ǰ죬ɽʱÿһζܼѣǾһģ٣Ϊ͡ȻֻضȣǰѣȴҲɵȫֲС
Ȼ񣬿ֲĹԪ췣ѹ£ȴȻɵδ߳ת۱ٵ١
ʵЩˣ
ڣ׶ǿˣ⡭
ļ¡
׻ɵǴڻǺħ֮ͱһƵģǷһξ޴̥ǣзǰǿ̫̫ࡣڣٶȣ¹ԶԶȲˡ
ѽҲָо
С̫
һˣʱ򶼿ɵΪٶȶ𺳡
ǸطɵϿգһ߲ƽ۶ŻرԴΪ֮һʱԲ£Ͷ뵽ɵڡ
ɵڣֻľת֮ӿ
ʱϥɵڣʵŰ׻һĸоԴڻǺԺоԼ˺ܴı仯ؼණñǰ࣬ǰ˺ܶ౶
һǰָļ䣬ֻ֮ȱ仯Ǹӵˣ֮رø·˺ܶ౶øɣණת˲Ϳ
ȱ仯ĬĬ˼ȴΪΡ
գȥ£׽ٹ߲ϼ⣬֮Ѫ⡣
߲⣬ϵϢһֱ֮󣬲ϵ߲ɢȥµ߲ⱻȫϣϢǿ˲١
δ߳ɵɵڹ¹Ԫʵ漴
ˣ
ɫʥһƵֻعһ֯ǰǿ˺ܶࡣ
ʱﵽԪΪǿһ󾳽磬涼һɱ䣬ֻһƿأǺǰһʵı仯ǰǿ̫̫ࡣ
ֻأǲ̫Զֻֻصıɽһǡ
ϥɵڣĬĬֻأɫʥԺֻع⽻ӳ
ʱ䣬š
תۣʮȥ
ʮ󣬵ھ򣬲һ޴ء


2326 
޴ͻأ֣ͥϿգͥ¡
ˣ
ʮУһɫ⣬ɫ
̼䣬صϢѹ£ʮ޾һ̽иУʱԱȻԵϢ壬һսսĩս١
ͥڣеİһαѣ𺧡
٣ѵ
һ뿴ɵλãĿĺȻ
⣬ɵ۴ˡ
ͥ䳡ϣЩÿնͥɱɽʱ򣬾䳡ϵһɱɽȻҲǱȿµ׷ɵ
ͥһɱɽҲ֪ԼһΪֻ壬ǳ⣬һʿһͨ쾳֮ͻһ󾳽磬ɻ᲻١
ʱ򣬼ͥϿոƣЩɱɽȻµõԼһɵڱչصԼһ̤һµĸ߶ȡ
ͬʱͥһ޴ͥԺڣºɵȻҲиУǱ׷Ϣоѡ
̤쾳ˣ
𺳡
ʮʱ䣬µ׷ͥϿոԼĸһͻˡ
䣡
֮ϣɫвס⣬Ϣǿ
һ죬ھ򶼱谵ˣ޾龪㤣ʵǵȻϢ̫Ũ̫ˣǿԽһжٵ޾ֻ궼ڷ
ˣ
һԲը죬Ϣһ˲ǿʮ֮ࡣ
һ̣ɢȥ
ͬʱ˵ĻϢԼڵھޱ߻谵Ҳɢȥ
Ƭ±ù
ɵĴš֨ѽһ򿪣˳
չضʮ꣬ɵ߳񷣬˺ܶ࣬ɣ˲١
ವƿһºɵˣˣҶͯСˣǰ
ˣչˣ˵ǰ֣̲סʵ㵽쾳ˣ

ͷ۰ɵͷ
չʮ꣬еĺ˳һ̤Σ٣ʱ˳ʹøֶɢȥ
֮ˣΪܹоĵһεٷǳ£ȻвõȴҲǼ򵥵ɵھܶȹҪͬǰ㣬ѰҺʵĿտɽ֮أǣ޹顣
浽쾳ˣ⡭
ͰȼŮ𺳡
ʮʱ䣬ǵΪͲˣǿ£ҲֻǴӵڵڴﵽڵ۷壬ȴǴӹԪڴﵽ쾳磬ֱЩ¡
Ҫ֪·Խߵ棬ԽѣڵڵҪȹԪڵɾˣʮʱǿ£ڵҲֻǲŽС̨׶ѣ죬ȴڸѵĹԪڣС̨ף̤뵽߶ȣʵ̫ˡ
⡭
ɴۣڵ죬ֱоֲٶȺˣ
Աߣ׻桢ӢۡҶͯСС̫Ҳ𺧡

۾ˡ
Լĸףֱ̫ˣ
۰ɵͷ˶٣ɺµŮԼС̫˵뿪£ȥɽ١
עⰲȫ

ͷǼ˵һЩ漴̤̤ͥʮǡ
ʮǰͥ콫Աȫ˺ɣĺܰǿշǳƽ͡
̤ʮǣǿУӺƽúѰһŷĹǡ
Ǻܴ󣬲ȴȫǻĮûκҲûС
̤ŹǣվһĻĮϣֱӷſΪ̤쾳
ʱ䣬˵һʱһƬ
޴кʲϣɫ⣬һͷͷŭ
ŹǣžҵҡصϢһʱƺƵѹ£ŹǶȻ𲨶֮¡
أ
쫷һɹɵڶŹϯǰĺڷĿ衣
վһĻĮϣĿɣվԭأȴ¡
漴һ̣¡һϵ𶯣һ췣ֱѹ䡣
һ޴׹ֱ£֮һж١
ɲǼѣ׹ûŹŴһ˲֮࣬ѷͬ֩һӿټĹǣƺһ̾Ҫ١
¡¡ģ֮Ľ£ҽһʱȵĿֱӽŹǶУƺһƬâ磬ˡ
쫷ĸ࣬ɳһ٣磬ӿڷŭ
쾲վԭأһ׷ѹ£ϣδ˵ֺ
䣡
ٴը죬ڶ׷Ÿ֣ΪһƬɽһʱѹ¡
֮󣬵׷׷׷׷׷ȣһһص׷ѹ䣬ϵĺɵֻϡ
תۣʮ׷ѹ£ʮ׷Ž١
Ǳøƣһ̣һӳƵ˼ޣϢѹС
ʱ䣬ƺֹͣ
Ҳʱ춯ˣǰʮ׷˲ֻǼվţɵֻԱǣʮ׷ϢѾǿһߵĲΣѾվžܵ£Ҫ֣ʥ췣
ˣ
ֻعڽ֯˿˿ƣ嫵˼㣬Ų֮ӭȥ
ƥֻع⣬תۺ͵ʮ׷ײһ
һײʱ⡣
һ̣ʮ׷ɢֻعδɢƲǿھ޴С
죬ǾվԭأĿŲϡ
ʮʱ䣬ΪڽֻصƿҲڽȵǿ˺ܶࡣ
ˣ
ϣƺʶоֻعĿ£ʮ׷ʱѹ䣬׵ʣתۼͳȥƥֻعײһ
ĺٴԻƥֻعһ𣬵ʮ׷Ҳһ
ɫ˿˿ƵϢøŨ
һ̣˵һޱ˵ͻأը졣
ڵдڣһӰԻʹͷʿжϱ۵飬׿ޣʧĿѪӰң֮һģĥи֣ƿ֧ŴأҲɻء
¡һʮ׷̼ѹ¡
һ̣ϢŨҵ㡣
Źǿʼһѣۿɼٶȿʼ̮ı١
쿴Ųϣ󣬴ɵֻͼһֱӳЯ޾ֻع⣬ƺƵĳŲӭȥ
䣡
ҵĴײɵֻͼײϻӰͻḥ̂Žֱʮһж
ֻͼʧˣܼӰʧĥʧſɢȥ
ͬʱټĹǿһ٣һ̻ǿʧ
â˸ǿУ쾲վţһ߲ƽ۶̺߲֮ʹâһʱ䴹䣬֡


2327 ȭֻ
߲Я߲ʹ⻪Ϊ֮Ž֣ӿڣһʱ䱻תŵֻľȹΪ
תۣӹȥ߲ɢȥ߲ϼҲһʧ
⣬˿˿ƵʥԽ֯쾳磬񵽼㣬һʢ¯һͿɻС
漴ģ֯ʥԣڣʧ
վǿУɫǹ⽻֯ңңĳʮǵλÿۣԶȥúһŻϢǰֱ̤С
һ̣뿪棬̤һƬƵĴռڣ⽻֯
档
ѾдӰǿǳȫһƬ谵洦汾Դ⣬ԴԴϵĳƬĶȥ
ģƺһɵصĹħ档
̤Ƭ棬ڲƵ䣬һĶȥ
ĲӿȥȻȴ·ǲؽڵƶÿһ̤޾Զÿһ̤·ǿǧúĴ
ȥǰ޾汾Դ͸ĹԣԴԴϵĳӿ۳һ޴룬һϵĴڡ
벻ԶӰػϢˡ
̤طӰǽиУʱɨ˹ȥһӱ䡣һ̣ò˽һ
㣡
ˣΪֻ졢غǰߴڹԪ۷壬ߴڹԪڣȻֻ֪壬֪ǵǸСΨһҴߣһֱǱʱӶǸ䡣
ǰһȥ㵹һĵӲСһ񣬾ָһ˵⡭
˵ţͻȻһֻͣع⸡֣һ۱ѹǰ
۵һûвҽУԪڵֻһʱ廯
һĻʹŵŵɺˣһ˲֮˳ȥ޾Զ
쾳
֡ƿֻأ
ʮǰͥһ콫սܣжףǱ棬ͥΨһ磬һ콫֪ƿֻأȻȴǲ֪
ΪһֱΪֻټݺܸߣдͥһ콫ûʸϵǣϵǣԣ޷սԼƿֻص¡
ʱ򣬼һۻɱزǷ֣쾹̤쾳Σƿֻأʹ˵ɫ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬޾۶ɵڣ
䵽㣬޾ƽ֯Լ䣬дڱ顣
ֻۣ
ĳӣմȾֻأҲƿֻأ
ڵӣֻ֮ͥһֻ̣оֻϢڴ˿˫ۡ
䣡
ʥܵһʱƵطϯһһɻԷ籩

ŭ˫Ŀǳޣ˲ǿˡ
Уֺ¸֣УصԻӿֻϢȵϢһʱͬʱ֯ơ
С䱻٣峤۰һɳ飬˱ȫһ죬ֻɲǰ棬°ŲƵС峤˵ѪԶȥԶҲǡ
ֻǵɱ峤˵ף
ɱɢĿĳޣ棬һǿ絽봦һȭڵֻȥ
ˣ
Ƶ𶯣ֻ˽֯һȭƺһ̾Ҫ̮
һ޾֯۶ɵڵһʱ飬񱩵һȭƲڵֻϡ
飡
һ˵촫طƬռֻ̮ɡ

һĻʹֻɵٴαɫ
ֻͥ쾡ͷֻеʥ飬ƿֻأǿ󵽼㣬ͥ쾡ͷƿֻֻȻԵһȭˡ
ǿ죬ʱ죬ֻۣۣ̲סݺһ죬ͬʱۺֹֻۣסĲ
¡
ɱڣĿ壬ֻع˹⻷ߣһȫأֻֻһͷҰޣֳֻȥ
ֻһ۶ѣںɳȥδסεֻǰֻʥ֮֯ϣ˫붯һȭһȭֻ£ȭƷʮ
ֻǰ޴Σڻʵֻع֮ڣӭĿȭƣĻֻع⣬Ҳһɢȥܿ¶ʵģΪһģǽ֯лȻɵֻصơ
飡
飡
飡
Ŀޣͷڷ裬ȭƣһȭһȭֻϡ
תۼ䣬ֻغ˽֯˰ʮȭڰʮһȭɫѪҺֻϽһʱ佫ϵռ𣬻һڿںڶ
Ҳʱȿ񱩵ȭ£ֻ˹бĿ⡣

̹Ǳ޾ֻعӿһʱ߽ĿȭƣһԶѪˮռϣͬ˴Ƭռ䡣
¡
˵ʥⱬסΣһ̤
ѪˮĿֻϣһˣһֻأ޾ı塢޾ĺ޾ɱп񱩵ɱ쫷Ͼ
ֻɱ峤˵ףϵϢڽͬɽڱԶûľͷ񱩵ɱƿɽһ顣
ϢʹòԶֹסľ
Ǹȫеĵ͵࣬񾹴ﵽȸ߶ȣ̤쾳ֻ˫ؼʱɢϢ궼
㵹ñ⣡
ֻĿϣֻصƣҲֻصƣȻɣϢ嫵㣬ϵ㣬ֻǿһ۾η
죬һ̣
쾹Ȼ˵
ţˣ
ͻȻĿ񱩹κ׼Ȼˣܹ˵ɻ⡣
ң쾹ȻһƿֻأȻûƿصֻǿȴվƿ˺һֻأ֮࣬Ӹӵ
ֻжЩھһֶΣƿصֻأֻֻһ࣬ƿ
ʱգٳ֣Ҳ㣡
䡣
Ż䣬һϣӿֻعһʱ両ֶҲֻ֪عǿ˶ٱʮռΪֻعֶһѣһ


2328 ֻضԾ
ֻعӿֻϣǵȺ嫺Ϻ
Ŀϣӿֻع⣬ѹ¡
ӱ壬һֻأһˣֻع˹һӭϡ
ûʸʦ
ֻĳ޺ɱ
ֻع˹⣬תۼֻѹֻعײһ
ʱƬռϵռ䣬ӴΧ
һɫĵ绡ײ֯ž졣
ʮ͵ֻֻع̫ѹֻع֮һֻط籩ϯǰ
飡
һ죬쵱ĺɣϸһѺֱۣѪˮ
ش˿ѾԶԶ뿪طսԶ
ȻƿˣҲƿֻأֻȣվһ߶ȣ
캮
ֻɱȣ
Ҳڡ
ֻ޾ֻصƽ֯Уֻۡ
Ƶ棬汾ԴⲻӿڴʱͣƬ档
ĿϣֻعԾһ˿⣺ܿ±һ㵹ǡ
ͻȻһͣе죬˲ʧһֱ̳һȭ
˲ƶ۵ӱ䣬ֳԽٶȼ޵˲ƶӦٶȷǳĿ죬ֱһ˦Ƶ죺ܶԱã
Ĵ֣תۼ¶ǰȻȴ
һ̣壬·˿Ӱ
ʹǿֻݣ㡭
飡
仰ϣȭͷѹЯֻ˹⣬ϡ
ɫѪˮռϣֻɡ
ԶһĻһαɫ
ǰһ̣ǻΪֻܣΪƿصֻԶԶûֻƿصֻǿֻת۾Ϳɽɱȴ룬ֻһ˲ѣһǿֻһαɡ
䣡
ʥʮռƬƬı
ڳʥһȭֻɣֻ𣬵һ޴ֻ۶ʮͷֻؾԻÿһͷ֯ޱ˵ս˻ֻһ𣬺ƺƵĳֻȥ
ţ۵˲ƵֻڶԷܷӦʱ۵òޣһȭֻʱ򣬳ֻδסΣûκԥķ͵Ĺֻ졣
תۼѣʮֻؾ޺ֻѹֻǰֱӷʮ
ҲʱֻסΣɫѪˮԵøӵı䡣
˫΢ڣֻصԣʱ䣬һӻֻϢѪ󸡳Ѫ죬ƿɽһжʴֻ۵
¡¡Ѫֻжֻۣȴƿصֻ۵ֻͬۻֻѪѪ˿ѹ
ѪʼһǱֱĳѹǰֻؾ޺ֻӭϡ
ײһ𣬵ֻػ⡣
ܿ죬ʮȥ͵ģѪӿ컽ֻؾ޺ֻһ𣬶ƺƵĳѹȥ
֮ƬĴռʧҲûָܹ
첻ܣֻۺͬʱһֻشѷһڿ˴ͬʱֻ֣֮֮֯һӭϡ
ͬһʱ䣬󣬴ɵֻͼϽ֯ޱֻصƣֱѹ¡
ֻܼشѷ졢һڿСɵֻͼߺһתۼӭֻֻѪ˵Ļ֮⣬ϯһɹɴ籩
Ŀ壬ֱڽֻشѷ졢кʹֻͼֻѪʹޣֻѪһһ۱ֻǰֻȭһȭѹϡ
ֻκζද̧ͬһȭ졣
ȭԻԷתۼҪײһ
ҲʱУֺ΢ʩչ۵˲ͻأֻǰʧӶԷȭ֮ʧڶԷ
ֻݣȭһʱջأֻعӭ졣
Ȼٶȣվδü
ȭѹ£ֻֻعӭǰֻصͷ­ϡ
飡
һ죬һΣֻɣƬռ䡣
ɫѪˮһռϣĿġ
һĻʹüԶһεĺݺݾ
⣬⡭
ӵ࣬񣬾ȻһһεĽǵˡ
䣡
ʥ񱩣ĿֻϣһȭɶԷ䣬ֱӳϡ
ֻתۼѣ嵽еֻǰӶֻȭһѹϡ
ҲʱֻϣĿֻعԻֻط籩ϯֻϢֱϡ
飡
һ죬ӿ嫵ֻϢĺɣֱһѪˮӿɵֻϳһѷ죬ֱɳȥǧԶסΡ
ֻľתɫʥ˿˿ƵĽ֯˲޸
ܾʵĹֵñͣ
ֻֻع⽫ɺҲסΣֻع˲ϢȬ
ţʩչ۵νǳޣΪֻصƿزսȲȴνˡ
죬⣬ֻعʶһӿɱ֯
ʹüԶ̲ס͵һΪֻ޾ֻңǵһμǵɢɱʱǵҲûɢɱ
ʹ֪αˣһ̣ǵŭˣ
ȻȻоõֻɢɱΪˣȴ˿Ҳδ⣬ûаļɵһֻϢϢűǣϡ
ˣ
ﬣ
ݻֻȭݻֻؽȭƺһ¡
ͬʱɵֻͼٴαһѹֻ
ֻ⣬ӿֻعͬʶ㣬ֱĳϡ
ֻع⣬ӿֻعǿ̫̫ࡣ
оõֻֻعĿ£ֻعֻֻع⣬ӵֻ֮һʵĲֻֻ࣬عҪǿ˼ࡣ
ȻˣĲȴû˿ͣ͡
תۼѣֻȭâֻؽʹֻͼײֻĻֻع⡣
ͣ

촫ֻ˲ѣֻȭâֻؽʹֻͼ䱻ֻֻعѹ顣
һֻֻ̣صԣһֻشѷ졣
أ
ֻشѷڽ֯˵ϯֱֻ֣شѷϯȥ


2329 
ֻشѷ֮ڣͷƤ飬ϯ֮
һ˲䱻˵ϯ֣֮ͬһѹļͷ
ǵѹ̫£ֻشѷжȥ
壬𣬵ʹ廯ޣǰϯ޵д漴һʩչ˲ƿֻ
ˣ
ֻûκһ˿Ķֱһȭֻ¡
ֻƫͷ˲ƹӦٶȿˣһƬ˫ֻصƹڣûеˣ
仰䣬󣬴Ƭֻعӿ
ֻعӿһʱ䵲һȭϡ
һһκɣѪˮռ䣬˵Ĳᡣ
ֻǣıûʲô仯ֻۺֻԻкʣƺƵĳֻѹȥ
𣡡
ֻУһͷֻؾ޸ֻ֣ٻ
Щֻؾޣÿһͷ֯żµϢӸֻͬ
ֻߣֻѪ˷ǳ֮ͬǰ㣬תۼǽֻӡкһͷͷֻؾ
Ҳʱוּһ̶ХƵʮǧһֻ̼ؽϵ޾һͬʱŲʥԣ˫ս͵ն¡
һǿ
һ
͵һռնΪΣĿֻؽҪء
תۼѣ䵽ֻǰ͸ֻĻֻع⣬۵һ֮ᴩ
ѪµĽ
ﬣ
죬졣
һᴩֻû˿ͣ٣ֻؽһĽ
ĶʦΪ죬ޱǿ󣬲ǰֱԺ쾧ɵɵɵڵʥҲһ뵽ֻؽ֮УʹֻؽʮϾϴӣȻøǿ
ֻؽƿƬռ䣬תۼֻǰһԷֻطֱԷڣƬɫѪˮ

⣬⡭
Զزסķǵתۼ䱻ᴩΡ
Ҳʱ֮ٴӶֻؽֻع˹һ𸽼֮⣬Ӷֻؽһֻ˽ն
ϣҪ̫ˣ
ֻϵıᴩ˿תۼ޸
һѷ측֣ڻһ޴ḥ̂֯޾ֻع⡣
ḥ̂صĳ֣ǿ֧صתַ·ɻء
͵һնֻ˽һ˲Ǳķ顣
ң֮󣬻ֻعԾ޴ĥ𶯶ˮư㵴졣
֮Ƭռ䵱Ҳδԭ
ֻ̣
Զ¶;η֮ɫȻϵֻĥ̡
ֻعⲨѹ죬֮һо
һ˫ֳֻؽȫ߶ʹֻؽ˵Ľ
ֻֻ̣İֻʱ٣һʱҲⷽĥ̵Ӱǳ£ƺֻĳֶ
ʱֻֻֻ̣ʱǷḥֻ̂ǵĥΪģһڱѡ
ﬣ
˫ֳֻؽնǿһһӴĿֻ˽ֱϡ
תֻۣ˽ֻֻ̼Ļײһ
¡
ʥһһϯײ̱鿪
񱩵쫷ϯһƬƬռ䡣
Կرֻؽֻؽһʱն£ݻֻȭֻ壬󽫴ɵֻͼһεʩչ
ӿĹת䵽ֻǰ
ֻֻ𶯣⣬ײֻؽ
ͬʱ˫УֻصԣֻѪ֣챾ѹ¡
䣡
䣡
䣡
תսһֻֻؽײֻѪֻع⡢˹ֻͼײʹطռ䲻ϵı飬һڿھ޴ĺڶ
ϢƵʱƱԽԽֲռ飬ٸԭѪˮȼս²ϽֻѪѪ
Ϊֻʥ飬ΪͷƬ汾ԴƿصֻҲԶǿĶֻ࣬սֲǳȻһδεĻˣȴҲһδⴴֻ˵˺ܶࡣ
ۣ
ӺѪըҵĽ£Ĵֻ屻飬ѪȾʮ
ֻֻ֯ݻӡֳ̧ѹ¡
תۼѣֻشӡѹ䵽ǰ
ҲʱȻ䣬ըڣһޱȵֻ
ط̼ڷŭֻ죬ĻӰгÿһӰ֯˵ֻϢж٣ʮҡ
𣡡
˻𳤿գ볯ֻɱȥ
ֻתۼѣɱֻǰӵֻϢֻֻع⣬ֱֻû˺ҧֻ
תۣѪɽ
Ļꣿ
ֻɭֻع⣬ٻֻѪͬɱһûת֮ǱƬĻӰ
ȻȻӰ̫ˣһƬж٣ƺԶֻޣֻɱ˺ҧֻ
һĻʹüԶ𾪲ĻӰӵֻϢǵȺ壬궼ɵ÷
ҲʱģѪ䶯һ¾۳
ﬣ
ˣ
ֻؽ𶯣ֻͼֻӳ˴Ҳһչ֣ʱûκһ˿ԥͣ٣ֱӱֳֻɱȥɱ˻ģ涯꣬һֻ𹥻
ֻ꣬رԴڵЩֻ꣬ɺڸоǵĴڣҲϡ˽⣬ǱֻеĻ꣬ǰȥֻʱ֮ϵꡣ
֮һɾֻ壬꣬Ļ˳ֻرԴСǹȥȥ飬ңǼǿ飬ͥһƬƬȥǿߣǻʶδȫֻģ֪ԴֻŶֻ˵޾ȥֻʱ֪ܵĸĻϡ
ͥһƬƬ棬ԴֻЩǿĲ꣬մȾֻصͬʱҲմȾ޾ֻϢһֻ걻ȫֻرԴͷŶĹֻ
𣡡
մȾֻصֻϢˣֻѪҲڶʱڽȫĨɱǷ˺ҧֻѪϷɽ
Ҳʱ絽˽ǰֻؽֻͼֻӺеȣһѹ䣬ƺƵ£һʱ佫ֻ֣ƿѪֻϡ


2330 㻹
䣡
ֻؽ⣬ֻͼֻӣͬʱ˴Уɱ֮һֻϣֻֻѪײֻѪ͵
ɫѪˮ·ɽƬռȫ
˫붯޾ֻع֮һԻѹֻ
𣡡
˻Ĺ֮£ӷ˺ҧֻϢֻϢֻûֻתۼ䱻˺ҧãѪģ
Ƭ̺۵һڣĹ£˺ҧ£ֻ鿪

Զؾǵһս
׷ֻôãǵһμֻ˻
ֻը飬ѪʮռУԴˣûͣ٣ֻۺһ𣬸ӿֻع⽻֯˵֮Ÿ֡
¡¡ģֻع֮ĿƺƵѹֻ壬ֻĻᡣ
ͬʱ˻𣬽ֻ廷ƣ˺ҧ

ֻѪⱬֻع⣬˵ֻѪ֣ңֻһѹ䣬ֻҲ֪֮ǰǿ˶ٱһ˲佫ֻع֮飬Ʒɣͬʱѹ顣
һֻ̣Ѫ֮Уֻؾ۳ӱøӵ
ĵ٣ܽ˵һǵһ
죬ֻͥڣֻصƽ֯Ũʥԡ
ʱ䣬ֻѪ֮һƬƬֻ󸡳һֻشѷչֻ֣֯Ϣ֮ǰʮΪֻ硣
ֻΪƬصĸֻ֧ضֻڱУƬرҲڱƬصˣƿֻأ죬ӱ䣺ȴƬأǱĳӣɹ۹żƵҪò࣬Ϊͼ߱治
䣬Ƭ汬쾪ףص־ϡ

ֻôһ֣ɱ죬ֻۺһ𣬵ޱֻعֻ֮ؽֻͼ񹥶ϣҽɵҲһ𣬽ڹɱ֮ϣɱƶʱ䱩ǡ
ֻӱ䣬ֻѪֻһֻشѷ죬ĳѹ£ң˵ֻ̣Ҳһѹ졣
䣡
䣡
䣡
߼ײܣռ佥øӵĲơ
飡
ʮֻ飬ֻĺɣը顣
ͬһʱ䣬ݣƶ޸ʩչ˲ƣ˲ֻǰȭӶ޾֮͵ĺԷ
ͬİϷܶԱã
ֻԼٻȭ޾ֻȭײһ
۵һȭը鿪
ȻҲʱֻ͵һķһƺߣϵֻع˲ûҲɵúһ

ŭֻؽ̶콣ЯֻϢն¡
֮ǰ֪Լһʩչ˲ƣͻϮֻɹȭֻǻӶѣȭֻȭͷײһʱרֻնϢļɱݺݺֻ֮ϣʹǿֻҲ̲סƺߣ˲괴ˣϢû
һֻ̣ϢҵĶ˲䣬ٻֻؽֱӳֻѹΪһҲתۼ޸ֻٻһͷʮҵֻؾޣҪ춼ƣһ˻֮¿ֻ
䣡
ȹֻⴴϢҵʱֻϡ
۵һǿֻһը
ɫѪˮռϡ
ûκһ˿ͣ٣ȫֻϢĻᣬʱ򣬸ִֻضֻؽ⡢ֻȭֻ֮֮ƿصһͬʱת
¡
һʱ䣬ɢϢǣɱǣֹֻ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ɫѪŽֻĹԽԽơ
ϣ
ɭɱֻѪڣֻع籩ʮʹԶֱը
ת۶ѣֻؾ۳ӱñɢɱŨˡ
һԶ죬ޱֻѪֻٺֻشѷȣ볯ȥ𶯰˻ģÿһռ䶼
Ѫԣתؾ۳ȹ£ʹޣĴ޵дδ˵
ĵļ
ֻӱֻʹ۵˲ϢʧЧ
ȫޱֻѪֻٺֻشѷ֮Уһʱһα顣
ңֻѪֻٺһֻشѷ죬ѹ塣
۵ģѪϱŽ֮ͬǰֻ㣬ѹĸ飬Ŀġ
ҲֻƬ̶ѣƬ֮ͺ𣬻屬⣬ƥֻع˹⽻֯һٶںһһֻغ˵޵ԨֻѹֻѪȫſؾ۳
Ӳ
ֻ
ֻѪֻԼһֻشѷ죬һγѹ¡
׹ȺǰҲᣡ
Ŀ޺ɱͷڷ裬ֻ˽֯ɵ޵Ԩ𶯣񱩵ĺֻ
ͬʱֻؽ𶯣Կرʩչһնֻ
߱ӣ治Ķ
ֻֻϢǿ
תۼ䣬ٴսһֻ˹Լɱ֮ײ
ѪطһƬƬĽ
תۣȥ
ۣ
պһʮһαȾǰ˥˼ࡣ
ɫѲ԰
棬ֻȾѪԶû˵أȴҲռ䱻ʮΣԵøӱ
ϣ
죬ӱüΪпᣬյʱ䣬Ȼûɱ죬ұһһεĸˡ
⣬ֻعһηڣɱӿϢˣֻѪһӿ֡
ɫ԰ףӭӿɱͺ˵ֻѪû˿ɵûа˱ܣֻгޡޱɱֻؽһֻ
ҲʱƵƬƵʥϴسס
ʱڵֻضϢɽ緢㱩ǡ
ΪʲôһˣƵ䣬ԶҲ˵㻹ǡ
ɡꡢѩҹ桢ϦϾŶ󣻷𡢻̫ͰͬһʱԿ顢һ𣻰Ӣۡ¡С̫׻Ƶ˲ϻԪʵҲͬʱ֡
󣬸󷽣ӿս죬ܼͥɱɽҶͯСѩһ̤Ƭ档


2331 Ǳֻ
뿪ͥɽѾȥ˾գյʱ䣬һֱأ´²µõʲôȥˣΪвֻرԴĹϵģĸӦλڣһѰɵҲһ
ͬʱɵһ𡢻̫ˡԿˡˡˣȻõǳѰˣͬʱͬʱ
ҶͯСѩһֱڸͥΪǣͥһɱɽҲ֪£֪ǵսﲻκæͬжޱΣգȻȴˡ֪ԼһĹ֪Լһ˶ϣ룬ΪźҲҪط
Ʈ棬ϵϢڽƻɽ緢
ֻضɽ
£ɺͼˣԼľλʦ֣䡢ˮˮС̫ˣԿˣϻԪʵˣҶͯСꡢѩǺһɱɽʶˣһڵĲ£һȫ̤վһһƬů̫
Сʦܣ˵峤ǲˣǹµһˡ


ɳԼĸףֻֿԼԶأƯĴ۾¶ŭͳޡ
ѾطȻ֪˾ǵʧȥеĳˡ
ֻͥˡϻĿֻϣܹоõѹĿϣг˸п̾ϢСһѾǿȵزֻܺͥһսˡ
ǣɵ۴ˡ
ͥһɱɽ߬˫֣Ȼܹоõֻ֯ĿֲϢȴû˿ɵη壬ж֯ŷŭ
һˣҲǶֻأ֪ĳˣʧȥУʱǿߣ϶Ǵŭݡ
ͬʱֻĵĮĿɨһˣأҲһˡ
ֵУĵ׶ΣһսˣƬ治ܲʣȴȻһΪ޴Ķ
쿴ϻˣ
Ƭؼ䣬֮ͥһЩǿߣȻ֪Ҳ֪
ֵ˯ɵˣϵʿһˣ̵ЦͥȺ类ˣ˵⻰Σ
⻰صݣӽһ
漴΢ԻƺڸӦʲôһ̱Զ
ˣ
ͥ壬ڵĴ㣬Ψһ磬ΪֻͥĵλֻܸӦƬ磬ʱ޾ңԶľ룬ӦΨһɱ콫»صΨһ磬֤ţϵʿԲ١
Ӧ£˵ɫ˲
ƵƮƬ䣬ѣĿˮĿ졣
ʲôʱǶߡ
ƣ
ϢڽӭµĻɵˡԼľλʦ֡˺һڵɱɽеıͳޣһһ˲Ϣ˺ܶ࣬ͬѩů̫ڻ˲١
룡
ֻĿϣƬֻعֱѹ¡
ֻع֮ռ˲ϢܣһٶȻ¡
ȻҲʱוּһֻؽɶ˲Ϣֻعնķ顣
ͬһʱ䣬춯ˣһαǳֻǰ
ֻͫ΢˲ƣ֮ǰˣϧ˵
ˣ
ȭĻϡ
ǿʢһȭ裬ϡ
۵һѪĽһʱ䱻һȭķ飬ʹͬһɣײƬռ䡣
ɫѪҺռУһƬƬռ䣬ʹռ両һڶ
ûκһ˿ͣ٣һζˣһ۱ֳֻǰ
ˣ
ڶȭѹ䣬ƺڸźһȵֻϡ
һΣ۵һֻʣµİҲķ飬Ѫɽ
һĻʹüԶزĴ
⣬⡭
𺧣һ̣ǱһˣֻȭֻȭѣȻͽһˡ
ĸоʱɢϢ֮ǰȫˡ
䣡
ʥ𶯶Ƶϵĳ
ֻع⻷ϣ֮֯ԣһλȭݻˣݻֻأֻĻᣬֻһ˿һϢĻᣬȭâֻȭĳֻ£ʹɫѪϷɽ
һ̣̤ֻضɽ쳹ʮڵֻضĴֻ壬ѵֻرԴսһٱӡ
ٱӵսʱʥ
񱩵ȭѹֻ
۵ģѪϵը
ϣ
ֻ겻࣬ŭֻع󱬷תۼؾ۳һλֻѪƺƵĳѹϡ
첻ܣֻһ޴ֻӺƵֻѪӭϣתۼ佫ֻѪķ顣
ͬʱһμ˲Ƶֻǰֱһȭ
ˣ
Բڵռ𣬿񱩵һȭѹ£˲ֻֻعĻ۵һֻԶɵĹУɫѪˮŷɽ
󣬼ֻһɲǼѣһγڶԷǰֻع֮ͬʱ֣ѹ£лδסεֻȫС
ֻݣǿסΣֻع⻤塣
Ȼȴá
ۣ
ѪˮŽֻһըݳֻع⿹⣬Ҳȫûá
Ѫɽ㴥ĿʴһƬƬռ䡣
ֻվǺǿֻת۶ѣһؾ۳ֻֻѪֻ١ֻشѷ졢ֻкͻ𱦱ֻһѹ¡
¡¡ģƥĻϢһʱ佫֡
ڷ裬ûκζĶֻ򵥵һȭֻعȭ˱һ貵ȭ⣬ֻֻ֮
漴ȭƲ۵һֻؿڣ֮ᴩɳȥǧԶֻ۵һըһν俪ɫѪ

Զɫһٱ䣬һ̣ǵȫѹˡ
һߣɵһ߬˫֡
⹷յģ

ɵ۴ˣ
һɱɽսӿΪԼ˵ź·ܸǿ


2332 
ź˺һɱɽһźĿϡ
ǵֻعϣٴѹֻ
¡
ƥֻع⣬ӿ֮ߺһһһκֻ
ɫѪˮһɽֻ첻Ϻĸ顣
ϣ
ֻͺֻعⷭӿĹΧԶתۼ۳һ̽֯ɭϢɱŨˡ
ֻضƬصӣƬص鶼ĳӣƬǿĴڣȻȴǱһѹסˡ
죬ֻعһαǣĿɭɭɱ桭
ﬣ
̶ֻĻٶȿ쵽㣬һǰֻؽһ֣Уֻؽ߶նһ
Ǽһֻ޿ɱܣֱӱһնΪΡ
֮ϽһƬеֻؽݻֻؽһƬֻؽֻ꣬նΪεȫ֣ƺƵ¡
һʱ䣬۵ϴֻնΪεתۼ仯Ѫ
ãã

ԶͰ׻߬צӡ
Ʈʮռ֮ڡ
ֻͣضɽֻضӦʹľһǿ㣬ʥսһʼάڻսٱ߶ȡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ɫѪһըֻһȫˣϵⴴ
ı仯ǸŮ˵ĵйأ
ɱ
ԶȻʱ˳սͻȻ䱩ǣΪĵĹϵʱֱӶˣֱĳɱȥ
ȻǲŸһɨ˹Ƭֻع⾶ֱԻ
ûвҽдѪɲǼըֱӱֻعѹ
¡
ƥֻعӿɱ峤˵ʮˣֻʣֻˣ˫붯Ϣøӷڣֻعѹ˻ģ֮ֻȫУϹ
ɫѪϱ顣
ֻͨ˿ϢĻᣬ񹥻
ǿֿ񱩵Ĺ֮£ֻϢɿĽͣٵ˥
ˣ
ŭ𴫳ֻѪ𶯣Ÿ嫵ֻعӿֻƮѹʥâĹſѳȥ¾۳
ؾ۳ʱ죬ֻͥжֻɭ㣬еֻصƺֻصһŹԡ
ͬһʱ䣬֮⣬ؼ䣬һĴ֮⣬һȦһȦֻʥƸʹúƬ羶ֱȼʥ棬һŹ⻪޾еͥսǿ콫һ̾־㤣һһը飬һɹɵ
嫵Ĵ磬һжţ뻯ڴ֮޾ֻʥ֮£һѷ측еϵûС
һ̣ڣ¡һֻ󣬳ƬĴѷ측һɹɵİгԴԴϵĳֻڣʹöԷϢ̱ǡ
ܱƱΨһ磬㵱ܺãǳã
죬һֻ̣ӱɭ
¡
仰䣬ԴԴϵĴһѷӿӿڣʹɢϢɱɱıǣת֮㳬Խֻضɽֻضͬʱ֧ŵ죬ϵռƬƬʧ
˱ʣʱʹط붯ݡ
Ψһ磿ǰͥһЩǿ߿ƺͥڵĴ磡׻һЩ£Ψһ磬Ψһе콫ڡڱɣ
ֻۺһͬʱ𶯣ٱսһȫֻӡֻؾޡֻشѷ졢ֻؽֻͼ޾֮ͬʱʱ򣬺ƺƵĳֻѹȥ
Ȼһ̣ڼ̵ʱֻϢͻأ̫̫࣬ٱսһȫʧȥãֻֻվΨһ磬ȻȻֻ֯ʥƱǵһС
ҧһͺƴУֶһһչֶ񱩵Ĺ

δ֪ڣһͨĹȣϾƹһɽۣ֮ңңĿ档
Ψһ籾򵥣ͥ޾콫мΨһ콫ڣȻСʮƿֻأµʥҲܵеùڵֻվһԣЩǣ˶٣һԵϾƹǷ񡭡
ϾƹһϮۣ䣬ң棬֪˼ȴûκҪֵĴ㣬н֯ſĹ⡣

䣡
˵ʥӿģֻһӿԴԴϵӿڣʹɢϢϵһһϢ
⣬ֻع˹񣬸ͨϺֻȻȴû˿ãһֻ̣ƺΪΨһԳ֣ȻֻʥȴǿĿ£йȫңһɹɵķŵأϣʹ˫ֻڱѣѪ
ĸоΣǷΨһ磬޾ӿӿڣֻпĿ죺ͼ߱ۺʱǱ΢ĳ޶ܳɹǳΪҪ
ֻĻ峤˵ݣһһָԺС
˫ٴαޱȱ壬ֻ𶯣Ĺ
ֻع֮⣬ֻȴǶá
ֻϢֻʥƸǿҲˣǵȷһһϣʹʱٱӵֻҲһѺۡ
Сʦܣü꣬Ψһܱĸ£ǣ㲻ǹµһˡº͵һ𣬷𿪿ڣЦ죬д۰֮ɫʦܰĲˣȴûС˵ţʼ˿˿ʥԣʦֵΪ͸㣬ΪһսҲɡ
ΪĴӣһ̷ǳֻΨһڲϵıǿսѾԽ죬Ϣڳڵսǲ䣬û֮ԵסΨһֻ
ﵽת꾡ͷΪȫȴľսֻһ˿Ҳõġ
ʱɫͣ¹ֻȥʦ֣Ҫ
ϧվˣ⣬ʥ̳˲Ϣڡ
һůʹľ񵱼ǿʢһ˿
ȻǿʢȴʹǿǵһŲֹסĿŷ
ҲʱΪʧȥ˲㲼࣬ΪͨķˣԱߵİʥ԰ˣſռ棬򣬵һʱ
ʦ֣
һξŽΪȫĴʦ֣ŶԷͻȻݣ㻬䣬ʱȫֻĳԷȥ


2333 
ͣ£
𿪿ڣʹһŲֹס
ʦ֣ҡ
Ű𣬿űʥֵŷ巢
꣬ʱŲ꣬Ϊ壬֮Խʱ䲢࣬Ǿλʦڽзţо飬ֳͬ۰չ꣬λʦΪתº͵Ĵʦֽ֣һΪȫ͸Ϊսǿһ˿ڴһ㡣
Ϊѣûʲôˣ˻ڣΪ޻죬ͬʦ˵ǰ㣬ֻΨһ磬ڣ㲻ǹµһˣ㻹ǣΪ˵ţ˿˿ƵĹڸͬʱһֻضɽ£ãˡ
˼΢΢ͷ
ΪȫʧһΪ͸죬Ҳˣ֮Ҫ֧ſɹͰƬĿռ䡣
¿죬иŨĹԳһ̣еΪȫڡ
ͬʱΪȫʧɫͬ˲ϢڷʥҲգۼɢȥһȦµĹâµĿռʥ
쾫ǿʢһ˿Ǿ𣺡ʦ֣
ӷᣬ̲סͰȥ
޾޵õȫԼ±ͨˡ
ͣ£𿪿ڣͰһ֣ʹһֹסŲСʦܣʦֲѾ˵ΪѣûʲôˣֻҪ˻ڣΪ޻һսʤ䡣죬º͵ʦ˵ΪЩӣʱԸǣҲһΪʦ֣ΪʦܣʱοֻΪѡ
˵ţ⣬˿˿ƵĹԸ֣еΪɲǳڡ
һȦռԽ֣֮ʧȥΪռ֮档
СʦܣΪ峤ǣΪƬؼ仹ŵ飬һսʤ
뷨һսˣΪֻʲô壿ûκ塣ǵΪֻһһʽûκá
ѹʲôҪֹǵΪֻɱ
̫Ⱥ󿪿ڣԣеΪȫԣڣʹľս˲Ϣ˼ࡣ
ռ֮֯һѣһ߶֣ʧȥΪ̫ˣȫԿռ֣֮ʹʧȥΪ̫ˣԿռ֮档
žλʦһһΪȫԼޱܡ
ԶֻѷʣΨһ磬һһɵĺһѷӿԴԴϵӿڣϢϵ
죬ŽΪ׼ķ̫ˣӱ䣬һȴûж֣Ψһ类֮ǰ޷֡
ϵٶ࣬Ҳվֻ֮Įֻн֯ĪֻصƣһµĹޣĽ֡
󣬴ѷڲлӿڡ
յģ㲻úСӻɱ㣬ܿĹͷâ֯еΪԻԳ죺Сӣţ
ΪǿޣΪΪȫʧʧȥսȴɿɿԡ
죬һʤ
ˣСʤܹΪ˵СϺܸˣ
磡
ꡢѩҹ桢ϾϦȺ󿪿ڣһȫ׼ԼΪʹԼ˵Ϊһһڡ
ɱΪ峤үүǱ𣡡
ɿڣʱ֮ڣͬǰ㣬еΪȫڡ
ͬʱС̫ƺͷӢ۵ˣһһΪȫ졣
ʱһһɵĴڣоԼľսȸڷɿȻһȴޱȵܡ
ûţȴͨˡ
ЩУһգȫ
ʦָѹǣܲѹ
ˣ
貣˿˿ƵһһƬռ
ɵ۴ˣ˵вʱѵʱЩսһδΪǴظֱҩ͹žɵ䣬ԴΪǽϵǵǵĳɳȫͥԪϿڣ֮ͥͼͥѾΪǿʱ죬𾴣ڣǡ
ܳΪɵ۴˵ҵȵң
һɱɽ𳤿գһ̣ԣһԽΪһɹɴԴԴϵĳ졣
Լһطһ̳Ϊ
Ϊɵ۴˵ػսػɵ۴ˣΪɵ۴˳Ӧְ𣡡
ѩǿڣѾͨڰ죬еΪȫ졣
ʦ
ҶͯСһ֣׼ԼΪ֮졣
ͥڵɱɽѩǡҶͯС꣬˵Ϊһ죬һ̣׸졣
û˼ˡϻ쿪ڣһ׼ԼΪ죺Сӣ͵ʦˣϹ
˼ҲǷһݴ飬Ҳһ˺ˡϵʿڣΪӿ죬ͬʱ²ϵļ׹ƬСӣ㲻һֱôˣ
Ļ׹ƬѿһſǳһƬƬԻޱȺ嫵Ϊһһȫһڡ
̫ǿߣ׹ƬеһſǳһƬƬ磬̫ʱɱһͥǿµ̫һſǳʹ硣
֮û飬е飬类Ƶ˺棬ں棬ЩǳʹУֻ̺żΪ汾Դһȫ졣
ûСѣչʧܣѾȥ
ˣЩлС̫չˡ
СֵܣһսǽֻǽΪṩһ˿ౡ֮սǵÿ㡣ΪĳޣΪͥеһΪ˺滹ŵ޾飬һսʤеһУˣ
桢Ԫʵ˿ڣͬʱΪ׼Ϊȥ
һԣӿڣϵϢıǡ
һ̣ģΨδΪҪֻضɽҪΪʧȥΪ˳Ŀռ䡣
䣡
ϵϢתۼﵽһߵ㡣
ŽΪȫ׼ľλʦ֣ɺͼˣС̫ˣҶͯСꡢѩǺһɱɽϻԪʵˣֹס΢

Ϣأʮռ䣬һĴ飬һĴ̮
ҲʱֻһɶΨһ֯ŵϢǿһΪ˵ĸ߶ȣħ
ΪһлϾţһϵһ𣬲κ塣
ֻֻعƵ볯ѹȥ
ֻع⣬գѹǰ
ȭֻȭʮһȭУֻֻع⣬һʱһȭ֮ȫ顣
ɱ
Хؾλʦ֡ɵ˺˵ȫΪȫһս޾ֻعϣһֻ


2334 ѩ
ŭ𣬳ɵˡˡϻ˺һɱɽȫΪµֻضɽϢ嫺ǿᵽ˼㣬ƿ졣
ֻٶһ̿쵽㣬Ťʱ䣬תۼǳֻǰֻȭӶȭֱһȭֻϡ
ۣ
ѪɽΨһǿ̵ֻһ̱䴩
ΨһԼΨһ޾콫ֻһޱǿᣬᴩͬʱֲƵš
ʺѪˮӿ˲Ⱦ
£޶ãֻڵ𶯣񱩵ûֻڵȭͷϱֻ⣬ĴݻֻѪ⣬ʹ̵ֻתۼѿһѺۣɫѪҺϵĽ
ͬʱۺֻͬʱСֻӡֻشѷֻؾ޵ȣһһֶƺƵѹֻ
ϣ
ֻӿѪȴޱȱڵ𶯣ֻع⣬İ飬ֻۻֻѪҲ֪֮ǰֻѪǿ˶ٱĳѹ¡
¡
ߵĻ֮תۼײһ𣬸ڶԷϣֻ֮֮ڣռ䱻𣬳׻Ϊǣ޷ٻָ
ѪŽը鿪ֻһը
ʺѪˮɫѪˮ֯һתۼѣ۳
ֻ
ֻ˫ֻص𣬻ޱѪͬʱֻ̱ٻسְ㣬֯ӿϢϺպգѹ¡
޾壬ͷڷ裬ӭϡ
ﬣ
̶Хǧ棬ֻؽ֯޾ֻع֮ϵܼһȫ𣬽̷ǣֻնȥ
תۼ䣬ھײһ𣬵һʱŽĻ֮⡣
ģϣһһռ𣬻ǣõʧ
ֻʯֻ̣ûκαпɵ
ֻֻ𶯣ֻؽ
ɫʥԽ֯Ϣ磬ǰڷŸĿ裺ʦΪҶĽֻʲô
䣬һֻؽϵĽŸӶĿĹԣһαǣֻ𿪣ʮռ䡣
ͬʱ޾Ĵֻ֮ؽӿ֮ϣƵԣʹ񽣵ĽʹϢǿᡣ
ɵֻؽ֮ǵԲʧֻؽأһ̵Щ֮⣬Щֻؽڵ޾֮
֮嫶ǿؼһС
ɱ
ŭ޾ļӳ£ֻؽϣһμնƬֻؽ
ռ䱻һƬƬ˺ѣֻܼؽƿһУת䵽ֻǰ
һֻ̱նɣֻܼؽֱֻϡ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫɽת۶ѣֻᴩѡ
ֻؽٴζ֣һ޾Զ˲ֻǰ˫ֳֻؽӺ˵Ľ͵һն¡

ֻɭɭɱֻعⱩǣֻһ𶯶һĺɣʺѪˮա
ֻǣתۼѣסΣʩչ˲Ƶһγֻǰ˫ֳֻؽٴն¡
۵һһΣֻһֱӱһնΪΡ
Ҳ֮һɲǣֻ̹ǣֻֻصԣʹʱͬһڻþ֮ڣĿԼ걻һƬֻڣ޾ת˲佫û˺ҧꡣ
ʹϴ˵ĥ
Уûлңֻ̼޾꣬ݻƬþھʹȴû˿⣬еֻؽһγֻϡ
ֻʵĻɱֻ۵һڵʱͶɲʩչȻɱȻǳֻһ˲˳
ﬣ
Х̶ֻؽٴնֻһʮռ
һֻֻͬһɣѪһ·ɽ
ûκһ˿ԥûκһ˿ãɱżǡ
ˣ
ֻؽնֻۺֻһ˴Сֻӡֻؾ޺ֻشѷȻԵɱһһ֯˳ʮ
ͬʱֻͼ𣬼Ӻ嫡Ϻʥһѹ䡣
ʮռ䣬Ĺȫ
ƥĻƺƵѹֻ
ֻסΣӸɭһͺֻֻѪֻֻ֣һγ𶯣һϡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
߽棬ռ䲻̮ɫѪͺɫѪϵĽ
תۼ䣬˼սʮչȥ
ʮռ䣬ֻع⡢ֻ֮ؽֻĥ̵һһεĴײ챻ٴΣֻǱٴΣ˵Ѫһռ䡣
һ죬ʮֻ֮ȻȾѪ鲼Ѻۣص˼㣬ֻǱ鲼Ѻۣƺһ̾Ҫٵ
Ҳ˵ĺأʮյļսһֻ̣ͬ㣬Ǳ鲼Ѻۣڵʥ׺ľֻۺѾʧպϣƽʱͨ˫ͫʥɿݵ£Ѿ֧˫ۡ
Ѫˮһ̣ʥɿݣҰЩģˡ
˵ʼϣֻа
ֻȾѪòȥȻֻȴʼձš
ֻֻ۲һֻԳֻۣҪʥȥά֡
ڵƺһֻۣȴһ̣ƺȫͬ£žԵơ
죬صľܽ˵һǵһˣ԰Ǳ΢ĳޣȥɡȥڣδƬضǱУƿƬأƿֻأ˿ɵ
һֻֻܼصƻƣϵֻصҲһԣֻعƵӿȣȻѾԶԶûʱǰǿʢҪݻ죬ȴ׾١
Ϣ˥ֻۺѾ֧ҰЩģĸоֻعɱ˿̵
Ȼӭӿֻع⣬ֻıȴûκһ˿ɵûδˣΨһĽ֡
Ż£⣬һƵʥƸϡ
漴һ̣һɿֲϢӿʮռѷһĸ֣棬ƺһ̾Ҫը鿪
ֻ̤սʱ̵ڣʮյսֻϵл֮һֱڱͨڴ˿̱
ʮֻϵһ̣˫չֶ
Է
񱩵Ĳӿ쫷ϵһ̣ϢǿʢһߵĲΣ̤쾳磬һϵĸ߶ȡ
ֻһʱɫ䣬ֹסĲֻۻ׼ѹֻع⣬̼䱻˿ɢϢѹ顣
㣬㡭
һֻ̣ͥжֻ֮ǰĮȫʧȡ֮һƬ־壬ʱɢϢֹסĲ
һ̣ವһûκԥ޾Ŀ־壬ֱӳԶӶݡ
⣬޾ʥƻƣžӶݵֻûȥ׷ϡ
үү壬߲ӣǣСʯͷСһϤִеһŭֻ
صʥܴϱֻӶݵıӰȭ޾Ļ֮ȭˣһһеȭ⣬ɲǼ佫ֻû
ûвҽеʱ䣬ûвҽеĻᣬֻһɲǼ䣬ȭ£ֻֽ⣬ϵֻ̣Ҳһҽ


2335 ߸֪Ͼƹ
ʮռ𣬻Ϣӿһ̽ƽϢ
Ƭģһ˲䰲˼ֻ࣬ʣƵƮš
󣬵ɢȥ°ʤѩֻضɽΨлʥԽ֯ƬģΪ׼ΪʧȥΪһ˳Ŀռ䡣
һ˴³ƬռУһ̽
漴һ̣ˣǲס΢˷ܡ
Ӯˣ
̲ס߬צӡ

죡
ˣ
ʦ
ɵ۴ˣ
һĿ죬ļ۵˷ܡ
ʤˣ
ֻͥһգɱ
Сʦܡ
𡢻̫˿죬ʱȫ¶Цݡ
ֻնɲͻȪҲѾʧǵСʦڳеʮˣһȫһ죬ǵСʦܣڴñ
Ƭأˡʧȥ޾飬һ죬԰Ϣˡ

֮ǰСֻۺ۶Ѿ֧ţΪҪˣû뵽תϻϴžɫһȭֱǡ
һȭƺͨϵʿҲ𺳣⾿ݳһںεȵͨȻһȭǰֲܣֱ
޵һȭ
Ԫ޵
һ˾³ʥԿռ֮ڣһ̣Ŀϡ
ֻɱ𳹵׵ñƬҲˣΪ˸˼ͬʱҲΪһȭ𺳡һȭ֮˵
ǰȾѪռϡ
ֻľתƣһۿɼٶڷɿ޸
ƬƵϣһ̣ɵֻ壬̲ס΢
峤۰һɳ飬˶ˣʧȥеֻˣһȫնѪڵñ
ƬƵ棬ϡ䣬ǰƺһθֳ峤˵ݣһһԻǰǶ΢ЦǺ֣̻ɢ
΢ᣬȥ۽Ǹһᣬһ˲ޱ
ڲƵսУתµȥֻһμǰ
ϲ
ϸЦΪƵ˼ֹ
ͬѪһñһϲ
صĵͷһˡ

Сǰһ˵ϣȻѾΪȫʧͨˣʥܿռڣƬ䣬жȴǲ˿Ӱ졣
۰ĸɵͷͰŮԼľλʦ֣С̫ˣϻϵʿˣԼλӡѩǺһɱɽ촽˶Ҫ˵ʲôȴ֪οڡ
ǽеΪ׼ȻţȴȫͨˣǿʿͨķˣǴ˲뵽
Сӣüڣʦֲ˵Ϊѣûʲô˵ģڶţΪʲôģԺ޻ˡңҪǲΪ׼㣬׵ĶᱻֻɵһҲϧ
СӣҪȥ롣
׻Ҳڡ
ǶǼǿޣﵽһߵĸ߶ȣԣ׼Ϊʧȥսȴɿɿԡ
Сֵܣý黳෴㵱԰Ӧøл㡣Ԫʿڣǰս㣬Ѫ㣬׳ʵ㲻ʲôһ죬Ϊļ˺鱨ѩޣҲΪͥе޾һ˴𣬸ͬʱƬؼ仹ŵ޾飬ʹƬصδʧȥһˣֻЩΪѣʲô
죬ϴº͵ЦǶԣһǾԵʤһ죬ʱûҪκγ࣬ϲ͸ˣġ
ſڣԪȻʵɲôܡ
Ҳʱһ𣺡ԪʣܽĲ
Ͼƹһ𣬳ط
ʦʦ
쵱ӭǰ
ʦʦ
ʦ̫ʦĸ
ͻǰҲǰ̿ڡ
ʥŮڳˡϻ쿪ڣһ˲ۣоһһֱڿ
ϵʿԪʺһĶǿߣĿⶼϾƹϡ
Ŀ⣬Ͼƹϡ
ΪϾƹ
һһֱţֵģ
ϵʿۡ
ϾƹЦҳ֣ûˣҪѩޡ˵ţԵ죬ԴºͣĲ񣬿ɾˣ
Щ꣬ԼСӳ̫Ŀ࣬޽֮ѹ塣
ͷѪñļͷһһֱѹŵ챻ƿˣ̫̫ࡣſڣˣǣʦǣдңΪ
ֻضɽ֧ռ⣬ˣȫΪһ춼ͨˣһڿԽ黳
ϾƹԵЦûʲôˡ
ٴͷؿڣʱϢӿһȦʥԻƬ͹Եתۼ佫һʧȥΪȫ֡
̼䣬һ
⣬һΪȫʧˣһ̣ʼٵ
ǣ
ϻɴۣһ̣ĸоˣѾʧȥΪһ˵ٶȻָֻһɲǶѾͻָʥûͨٽ١
ͬʱһҲǲΪڷɿָһǴ󾪡
ˣ
͵ĹƬƵռм֯һȦȦӿһڡ
תۣʮȥѾʧȥΪķһˣΪȫָ
һ̣¼֧ռ䣬ˣʱƬռ档
⡭
һһ̽ԴˣһֹסķȻʼ涼⡣
ǵΪѾȫ׼ˣϾƹֻ֣ʮѣѾ׼ʧȥΪȫָˣ
ǺεֶΣ
ʮѣѾʧȥΪȫָ𣿣
㡭
ʼĿ𺧵ĿϾƹͥħͥɵˣǳֲȴû뵽ôֲʮڽѾʧȥΪȫԭ⵽׵Ҫεʵ
ƾһĻ֪ˣϾƹĸ߶ȾѾ߸ص֪һ̾ãϾƹĶֻ֣ͥһжӲ£ϲ̫ˣ
һ̣һΪתۻָȻ£ĿҲǲסĲ
ȻҲ𺳣תۼʧˣĶʦܡ
һ̣Լľλʦ֡ŮŮһ˵ΪȫϾƹָ׵׵ķллʦлл㣡
ǰԼĶʦһļ
һ̣΢ͷ­ڲɵôһѣС
ǵΪڣΪýʩһʱ䣬ܿͿɻָ
Ͼƹ˵
ͷҪ˵ʲôǶݣϾƹ鵭Щ
ʦôˣ
ż
ͬʱ˺ɵҲ״һҲɫ
ʦôˣ
ʦ壿
˺Ⱥ󿪿ڡ
ʼҲݣһĿⶼϾƹϡ
żĶð˺ʦ⡭ôˣ
ĶʦǸװĴڣĳܲˡ
ϾƹºͣƻؽѣָǵΪܵøۡЦüֻھά֮Ͷµһƻѣûʲôˡ


2336 ⣬֮
춯ݣʦⲻǱ壿
ͻȾԣҲǸɫ΢䡣
ͬʱʼϻһҲɫ䣬Ҳɵöݡ
ֻһƻѣôǿ
ڲǱ壬һֱǡϾƹ죬ЦͶ»ʱ˺ܶţȱݣͶʱԻתһΣֱֻأֻӰ죬¡
ԣǶݡ
ʦ˼ǣ´ʦǺʱǻһֱǻ
Ŀ𺳡
һֱλʦֵĶʦֻһƻ
ʦ
ͻȾˣҲɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ʼϻһˣҲǲɵһԺȻ
С˵ǰ㣿ϻӲɳϾƹͬ˿Ŵ˵еһ㣺ֻһƻתޣ
൱ֻһʶѣȫ΢һƻתУȫ⣬⵽Ҫǿʵõ£
һˣһ̽ĿϾƹ
⣬һ˲˲ĶǰϾƹ
ϾƹЦͷҺʦһһԾάͶƬأΪĳЩ˼ĸţȷֿתһʼڸԻϵӡԣȻȷֿתҲƬѰԷϣҲǵֻвŻָ
Ͼƹ϶ĻشеľɫŨӵ𺳣ֲɵÿһԵʦҲǴһʼֻһƻʦǡ
ͬʱͻҲǸ𺳡
һˣеľɫǱøŨ
£һ˵ĳʵ̫ˡ
Ƭأ˵޵еһʼֻһƻѣ
ĵʥŮҲһҲʱֻһƻ
ʦ̫ʦĸǡ
ɵԲۡ
£̫ˣ
쾳ڣ˶Ŀɫ
ֱȥʮһ˲ǿһ㣬ȴƽ
ʦ֮ǰᵽӾάͶµĻʦı壬ھά
ʵ
һˣҲϾƹ
ӭһ˵Ŀ⣬Ͼƹͷ
Ǹϲ磿
׷ʡ
ȷе˵Ǹϲء
Ͼƹ
⻰һ쵱ݣƵһҲǴ󾪡
ΪϾƹġǡء
ֹһƬأƬ⣬أ
ϾƹƤӶɵþ
ϾƹͷĿռ䣬άأ֮ϣάءάءάءάغ;άء
άءάءάءάءάءάءסˣɵԭزֻһƬ
һˣҲ
ڹȥ޾˶ΪֻһƬ룬ˡ
ϾƹͷЩأͨ׵㽲ǸߴԪĿռ䣬һһǿάԽάάԽάάԽάάԽάάԽάڲεƬأͨǳǵ𣬸ڵ顢ܡͷȣ໥֮ʵ𡣡
ٸӣάڣͨǲ̤·Ԫ°ңάأͨȻУȴҲǧԪʵϣ²УҲپ߱ʶսڴԪϵĲࡣŵнԱȣƬؼĲάڣЩǿѪ壬ŵάȥʲôҲ㲻ϣάѹά
ͷ𺳡
άڣͨ飬ȻҲǧԪɴǧꣿ
ƬأЩǿѪ壬ŵάȥʲôҲ㲻ϣ
⣬ͬϾƹ˵ǰ㡭ǴԪĲ࣡
ǣҲ˵֮󣬻и߲εľ磿
׷ʡ
һ㣬ʵżϾƹָֻ˵ΪʱѾ֪ˡ
Ϊǵֶμֱ̫ˣ쾳ʿ
οϾƹֻһƻѣһƻ뱾תޣʵԶǿǿôϾƹΪȻˣѾԽ޾ԶԾͻиߵĲΡ
ԱߣһҲϾƹһ㼫Ϊ⡣
Ͼƹǲڣ쾳ֱάֱ֮ת󾳡ά쾳쾳쾳άſվ񾳡Ż꾳ά̫ƻľǧپάԭʼ컯پάԼ𣬳⣬ֳں۷塣
ŵЩ󾳽ڣǧپپȽ⣬󾳽ڣÿһС̨ףǧپڻǧ٣پڻ٣Աǧپپ˵ȫȫĻԵ󾳽硣
첻ɵƤһ쾳֮󣬾Ȼôд󾳽硣
Ȼ֮ǰѾµ쾳ͷ滹ΣȴҲû뵽Ȼôࡣһ㣬֮󣬾ʮһ󾳽磡
ңǧپǸڣÿһС̨ףǧ٣پڣÿһС̨ף٣ʲô
һֱپ͹ˣʱռгǳ٣׷ʱﵽʮһأ뵽ʱǧپپǧ׷׷ܶɹȥ𣿼ֱΪ˻𰡣
ңҪǣ󾳽ڣÿһС̨׶ǧٺ٣
ԱߣҲǶݣһǲɵõΪһ󾳽ζҲΪǧپپζסˡ
˶٣еľ⣬뵽һ£Ͼƹʦı崦ʲô磿
ôһʣһ˵̿Ͼƹһ㶼⡣
ϾƹЦԱߣڣЦǵʦھά֮ų
⻰һһ˸һ㶣Ͳ
ά֮ų˵ʲô
ʦǡ𣿣
𺳡
ϾƹŵЦ˵ͷ
õ϶Ļش𺳣ͬʱҲɵЩ
ԱߣͻȾˣҲ㣬ּ
Ͼǵʦ
ǵʦܲ˷ܣ
ͬʱʼһҲ𾪵㡣
ԭ֪ǵȼĴڣ
ˣ
ˣ
Ͱ׻Ӳɳ
С̫ں󣬴۾ŵֱˣ䵽Ͼƹϣˣ
ʦôֲ
𰡣
ʦɵ˫۱һƬѩ漴ֿ̫ʦĸҲ𼶱𣿣
ɵͷЦûУ崦ھά硣εģάֻоˡ˵ţ죬ֿڣʼմ͵Цɵүү̣߶ȡ


2337 ֮
Ļɶʱˣ㶣үү̡
漴ƫͷԼĸ졣
ͬʱطһҲ죬ȫ¶Ŀľݡ
ɵүү̣ǲĸĸ
ĸ׺ĸס𣿣
ɵֻ͵һһ˲
ʦղ˵˵ЩˣæԼԵϾƹɵֻ嶼ɵЩ΢ʦңҡ
峤֮ЩûôȥԼĸĸֻڵԿʱдԼĸĸףȴҲûж롣ȻⲢʾԸĸ⣬ʵϣǳ⡣
ؼ䣬˭᲻Լĸĸף
ԭΪԼԶҲӴԼĸ׵£Զ֪Լĸĸ˭ڣԼĸĸ׻ѾˣȻȴû뵽ԼʦУ˹ĸ׵£
ܲݣ
ܲ
𼱡ϾƹȻʱ飬ºЦάһֱһ˵ǧŲԲԣۣ˵ĸףۣһ˵ĿΨŮĸףŮˣ߶ȡ
ԣʱӼɵֻ岻ɵ΢
Ӽڣ֪Լĸ׺ĸʲôˣңϾƹĻ̬ĸĸɶڣδܹԼĸĸ
һֻ̣֪˸ĸʲô˶ԼĸĸǶôǿĴڣǺˡ
һߣһ֮ǰᵽɵүүʱѾܾˣʱϾƹĻһеľøŨȫɴۡ
ۣĸŮ⣬⣬⡭
ﶼˣ㱻ĵʯ
ɵ۴˵ĸĸȻȻǣǡ
ͥһɱɽ΢𺳵˼㡣
ϻ쿴죬Ӳʱ˳ҵĹԹԣͷ
죬ȻǾά֮ϵŮã
ˣʱǱ׵׵סˡ
ʲô˸Һųۣ
ʲôܱŮ
һ̣˺Ȼᾳ磬ֻƺţη
ʣˣĸĸףҲǽ޵У
үү̣ǡ
𺳺Եúܼ
Ĵδ뵽Լүү̣뵽һϾƹе֪˹үү̵£Լүү̣ԭǰǿĴڣ
ꡢѩҹ桢ŶϾϦ𺳹Ҳǲɵ¶ϲɫееˣҲ⡣
ϲ
¾ϸЦһ죬ڶζ֡
ϲ㣬죡
ˣϲ
ϲ㣬磡
ʦϲ㣡
ꡢѩҹ桢ŶϾ顢ϦҶͯСȺ󿪿ڡ
һ죬նɱֻأһֱѪ𣬶һϤԼ֪Լĸĸ˭ҶڣǶܸˡ
Ӣۡˮˮ䡢С̫Ͱ׻Ҳϲ
ϲɵ۴ˣ
ɱɽ𣬸ż˷ܡ
һ죬ǵԣǺӣ
ȻǼֱȥʮ󣬲ԱƽһЩ
ƽЩ뵽һ⣬ֿϾƹʵǣʦΪʲôҡ˶٣˵ΪʲôƬأ
ĸĸǾάˣǾάϵӦھάϳɵеΪʲôƬάأ
ʳ⣬ЩԼǱġ
ɲ֪Լĸĸ˭
ôʣԱߣһҲʱɵ¶ɻ
ȷʵĸĸȻǾάϵۺŮôھάϳʵϣȴƬر峤ܹŹ֡
ֱֱĿϾƹ˫ֲʱЩš
õ¡
ϾƹȻ֪ڲʲôԼǱĸģ죬ºЦôܻ£Ƕ㱧ϵڴʦͶƬصԭһЩƵ㡣
⻰ɲǼ÷Ĳһ˲ʧӰ١
ĺԼǱġ
ǣƬصľԭǣУʦʦͶƬصԭʲô
ʵ
ԱߣͻȾˣһˣҲ뿴Ͼƹ
ΪʲôۺŮƬάأϾƹΪδӾάͶƬάأһʱǷǳ⣬֪
£ϾƹȻᵽˣȻʹҪ콲ʱ£Ͼƹȴǲûֱ˵˵Ƿ֪֪ļƬУЩǿߣɵһƬأ
΢ɣôͻȻᵽ⣿
Ȼɻȴǲû⣬Ͼƹı飬룬ЩȷĵǡƬάأ
ϾƹЦº͵ͷ˵ά֮ϣάءάءάءάغ;άأƬأǶֻ޾ǳһޱȺ嫵ɣά㣬޾ǳ޾С磬Ĵ磬һƬƬͼƬ档
ƬأۺϴԪԶԶƬάأУάά֣άά֣άά֣άаά򣬰֣άоά򣬾֣ƬظԵǿƬظԵ֧һάһάǿһάһά¡
ƬصĴԪжߣǵĸж£ƬάеĳάǰȴʲôҲ㲻ϡܽάƿصȫеһжԵò԰еһж縡С
Ȼά̫ѰҪ˵ƿصȫƿأҲǲĵһ棬޷֮ƿصȫЩάάάȴֲ߱κεơ
ڼԶһιȥǿͼȥƿȴһһҵĽճң󲿷ǿ߶ΪܽάƿصȫҲУ󣬽ûȥά⡣
ǣ֮ʱţվ˳ɹƿصάˡϾƹº͵Цһֻһ㡣
ԣǶݣ¶ɫάڣǡֻأ
ͬʱһҲݣϾƹĻʱҲµһ㡣
Щ߲εأЩǿߣΪֻضɵƬأ
ֻءϾƹֻֻһʥ飬ǵƿֻֻۣΪֹƿصֻأȴҲֻֻصıɽһǶѡƬصһƬƬ棬һУƬصԽֻƿصС
ϧֻеĻƣҪƿֻأȴվǲԶԶûǱܣʲôͽ͡˵ţ죬ѵõıЩ䣬һ˿˿ľâ֯ĸĸĿģڴƿصֻأΪǱܡǱܷ棬ҡĸ׻ĸףԶԶ޷ȡ


2338 һ
ϾƹĻʱݡ
ԱߣһҲŶɫ
ĸĸӾά͵ƬأڴܹƿֻأǱܣ߶ȵϾƹۺŮԶԶ޷ȣ
ǣʦҴûйҪƿֻصĸо쿪ڣܲĿϾƹңǱܣôҲܺʦȵİ
Ӿάϱ͵Ƭάأĸĸڴƿֻأôض֪£ǣȴûĸӦϾƹ˵Ǳܣɻ
Լδıĸĸֻ֪ľ߶ȣ͸϶ԣĸ׵ԼǱܣϾƹǰʦǱܣȴǷǳԼڻǺԼǰָƺһɱ䣬Ǳܱ¶ǿˣȴҲΪܺԼλʦȡ
ǣԼλʦʱȴ˵ĻǱԶԶȲ
⡣
ϾƹЦ΢һӤȭͷСʯӡϱ鲼ܼƣÿһƶޱȵķº͸ӣسʱʥƣԿס
ʱֶݣɫ΢䡣
ʯӡϵĹƣǺܿȴڵһʱоһɼ׽Ϣ
ʦǣ
̲סʵ
Ͼƹ㸸׼ʯӡ
ԣ΢
ѹղʯӡϸо˷ǳ׽Ϣⷽʯӡǳδıĸ֮֡
Ǹүүģ
ɳԾ
¡ͰǣϾƹеʯӡһǶݡ
һߣ𡢻̫һҲ¶ɫ
ⷽССʯӡӤȭͷ£ȻǳԾάϵ֣֮
Ŀ⣬ȫһ˲˲ʯӡϡ
ֻΪʯӡǳδıĸ֣֮ʯӡо׽Ϣʱһּ˸׵ĸо
Ͼƹģº͵ЦɻȻкܶ࣬ʦΪ㽲˵ţ΢˶٣ʵ֪ʲô
΢ɣ룬֪
ʣǵһ˵ȫ˽⡣
Ҳ֪ʲôʦ
Ҳ棬Ͼƹ
ʦָʲô
Ҳʵ
һʱ䣬ط˶Ͼƹ
һڻ֣˶ǵһ˵ȫʲô
ϾƹЦǲ֪ҲΪƬάزû˵ֻά֮ϡ˵νͬ˼ĸǱܸԴԴҪҪĶЩУЩǿĵͳǿļ壬жϵԱӣӻ
죬ûͣ£˿˿Ƶľâ֯ʦֻʱֻӰ죬άָǸʱ򿴳رĻһڼǿӡųɣѹǱܣǵȷӡ֮£άصʿܼǳ֮֡
֮ʦתάһλָҲֻ£ǰ峤Ǹط﷢ǱѰʯӡѾ֮£ͨҲ֪˺ܶ¡
ʯӡ㸸׽ƬʱƣûһƬصģ˺ܶϢ㣬ݡԭųɵԼĹȡԭⷽʯӡӦǴڵģȻƬغܵĳЩԭţ׹˳ȥ
꣬峤ʱ׹ڵʯӡʵԱ߲Զ峤ֻͨˣδע⣬ֻʱе˲Ϊˣ켣˼ĸı䣬һУһֱһ֪
죬˵Ļĸӡͬʱ̳㸸ĸϵѪĻ̫ǿǿ󵽱뱻ӡųɣѹǱܲſɴȫ״̬ĻСʱڵܳܵˡ
ڣ㱻ӡ˾ųɣСʱڵ㣬ӰɺܴǣٻһЩĸ׽ƬأΪƬشֻأֻظƬأڷӡųɻ£ٽƬάڵֻϢѹƣɳʵǿ𲽽⿪ӡ
ͬʱǿĻ޾ǱܣԹΨһϣֻƿصеˣĸ׺ĸףϣܹƬάɳͬʱҲֻƿصС
ʯӡгһУݡķӡ֮¡ƬصԭԼӡʥȣʯӡС֮ʯӡЩҲǺǹǿĻйأĻӰ죬㻹Сδ̤·ʱЩϢ޷ӡԺȥֻܽﴫ죬ǹС
һֱڰֱϾƹ֪꣬еȥһʱ䣬ɵЩ
ԱߣһҲһֱʱһĿ𺧣ͬ㿴졣
죬ǹֲˣ˼㣬ȻˣȴȻǻųɵ״̬
һ̣һУ˶֮ǰϾƹΪλԼĸ׻ĸףǱܶԶԶ޷ȡȻˣųɣǱܱѹƣ£춼֮һӡĻȫ⣬Ǹõжôֲ
ȫҪȥ˼һ˿һɻ󣬾ǹһˣ

ɵ˫ȫˡ
ǸĿ𺳣ȻˣĿҲǲסĲ
֡ﰡ
ۼ׶ɵõ
⵱̫ˣ
⣬ֱǡ
ϻ춢죬ֹסĵ
ǰһֱˣΪ̫ǿˡ
ڣˡ
ֱʮԻָһЩ
ϣȻô¡
ϾƹºЦȥʮбǰ˺ܶ࣬Ǳһˣ԰ɣΪڻǺıԼ»£ʩϵķӡǿгһ˿ӡǱЩɻǱųɵ״̬˵ţָʯӡʱһûڣ㸸л֮ǰҿѾˡ
˵ƽǵȷӡʥʹʯӡУڵΪƿĳɵķӡˡסڵ㣬ֻܽĳɵķӡԲҪȥƿطӡڵΪܲˣһСľͻ𡣡
⣬ҪƬؽĳɷӡڵʵάػԶԶʺ٣Ҳٲȥ֮ȥάؽ⣬ڽĶʱڣܣ޾ʥܵܶӿĺôǳ󡣡
ͷǣʦҼˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ʯӡڣʶڣʥʱԽһصķӡһЩһһԺС


2339 ʱ
ϾƹĻͨʯӡʶϤֻ֣еһʱԱޱڱյĻһɢȥ˰㡣
һ̣ΪʯӡĹϵĿλԼĻϽ֯һޱܼʥƣʯӡϵʥƣĻӡš
ֹȥʯӡȫںϣƯʶС
Ͼƹʵʦǡһ£ЩϰߣȴǸĿڣ׺ĸףҪƿֻأƿصֻǰҪһֱƬάأ
áϾƹֻƿرƬвſѾƿһ˿ֻأκεطͶԽвˣҪһֱƬءοֻ⣬ȻֻظǾƬά֮Уֻأȴκһ䶼УֻƬڵֻأ޷ȥƿ
ˣͬʱҲɵ뵽ƿֻص£Ϊƿһ˿ֻأԣҪƿصȫжѣʯӡѾԼĻоԼĿ£ƿֻأȴҲû̫İգΪʵ̫ˡ
Ͼƹ֪ʲôº͵ſģĸĸ׶ģʦҲȫƿֻء
ĵͷԼĸסĸ׺ͶʦԼΣֻжѣҲһҪƿصС
ͬʱҲ뵽һ⣬ʵʦ׺ĸϣƿصֻأΪʲôܿ϶ĸĸǵΪֻޱǿϣƿأӦ⡣ŵУʦ֮ǰ˵ʦͶƬأĿĺ͸ĸһЩƣм䣬ʲôϵʦΪʲôͶƬάصģ
ôʣ𡢻̫ȾˣǿϾƹ
漰ǵʦʦΪͶƬأȻǷǳ⡣
ͬʱһҲϾƹ
һ˶棬ʲôԭþάϵͶƬء
ΪȻϾƹͶˣΪֻأΪ
ϾƹЦӲɵñ˺ܶ࣬ΪѰʮǡ
⻰һ쵱΢㶡
ʮǣʮ򣿡
¶ɫ
ʦʦԾάͶڴˣȻΪѰʮǣ
ͬʱһҲ⡣
һλ޵еһλάǿڣͶƬأȻֻΪѰһżСǳ
һ˶֪ʮǣֻһżΪ΢СǳѰ
¶ЩͶݡ
Ͼƹ죬峤ǵСʹʮǲԶֻ֪ΪʲôΪڼݵһ˲ӦʮǵļϢΪʮǶֻһ˲ĸӦĲΣܸӦҲȫǽֻصĹϵѾ漣ˡʮʱɢϢĲΣⲻˣ¾վǿǳǰҲ⡣
ǿŹǣͲƬصǳĳʥĺģΪĳЩԭ׹䵽Ƭأһǳ죬Һʦԭ򣬺㸸ĸϣƿֻصԭ򣬻˵Ŀģһ
ʲôԭأ
׷ʡ
ҲϾƹ
Ͼƹûټ˵ȥڵǣԶԶﵽԽӴĲΣǹֻ࣬ͽõѹѣк档
˵⻰ø鵭Щ
һĻ쵱ɫʦ
Լʦ鵭Щһ̣ʱȥʮǵˡ
ͻҲǱɫһǲɵֱż
ʦ
Ҳ¶ɫ
ҶͯСһߣҲǵġ
ʦʦһǵʦܹģ
ü˵ֻһƻѣûʲôˡϾƹʼմº͵ЦһԵķ΢㣬һĨûԷüģСһʦһƯڶʱڣˣԺȡ⣬ʦһʱģǧ飬ССǿĵĲڣʦΪ׼һЩ
΢ûüģһ˲䣬ȵһУƿء
ʦʦҪ뿪
µһӣʱЩż
ͬʱҲǶݣϾƹ
̫ˣҲǶϾƹ
ȥǵĶʦǽһЩ¡
ϾƹͷЦҺʦͶƬصĿѾﵽѰʮǣ˲㲼ãСʮҲΪ峤ǱѪѾûбҪټˡҺʦƻΪһЩ¡
ͷ˶ֶݣ˵ЩʲôȴϾƹ̧ѹˡ
º͵ЦϾƹƫͷɣһССһʦһֱƻɢǰһݡ
ֲָüģʱ䣬ʱյϢޱȣԴԴϵӿüģʹɵһƯĴ۾ڣ˫ͫʼһȦȦʥƣֱֻͫ϶ֳȦʥƺ󣬲ͣ˱仯
һʱ䣬ϿʼɢһƻʱϢϾƹϵʱϢһٶɢȥתۼʧ
ʱۣ
ʼ¶ݣһ˲˲Ŀɵ˫ۡ
ԱߣԿҲǲɵƤһȻϵ˫ۡ
ʱۣƬάص󾿼֮һ
ͬʱҲΪϾƹֶζ𺳣ȻܽԼƿصʱۺʱ֮ô򵥵͵һϣʹһƿأ̫ˡ
ʱҲݣɫ΢䣬Ȼ֪ĶʦƿʱۣȴȻ˫͸ɣʦ⡭
Ҳɵöݡ
ҲǱɫӦʱԼ˫۵ı仯ﶼޱܿ޾ңԶĸоʱյϢʼĻУҲ֪ʱۣԼʦʱת͸ʦҪôܸɣûȥ
ϾƹЦʱͬʱշһ͸ɣø鵭ˣɵͷʦ˵㲻ʲô̫ࡣ
ɵǡ
ÿǣú˫ۣȻȲ㸸׵ֻۣȴҲãƿʱ䣬ܿȫϤ
Ͼƹ
ɻ˵ʲôȴǱϾƹЦŴˣһЩԼƿصʹȫİǱʮֵľϲ
ллʦ
ϲĵ
ʱۣȻʦ㲻ʲôȴһݳ
ҲڣϾƹллʦ
ԱߣҲһл
Ͼƹ֣ʾⲻ⣬죬СʮʱǱܣҪʦʲô֮Ŭֻأֻأһƿص
ǣʦһŬʦʧ

ϾƹЦŵͷͷԽԽ鵭ԱߣҲʱһ鵭ֻзԭڣҺʦòԭòά֮ϣʦΪ죬ͻȾˣº͵СʮСһСССġС塢ССߡСˡСţάأҺʦھά֮ϵǡ
Ż䣬ױ鵭һתۼʧӰ١


2340 
Ͼƹʧ΢Щ
ֱȥԻع
ʦʦҺʦǣһܿȥάǣ
档
ͻȾˣҲɫ£ɵ߬˫֡
һŬ

ҲĿϾƹʧĵطʦ̫ʦĸˡ
ʼһˣҲЩ¡

ϻ쿮̾
ǰֻ֪ǿ󣬵ȴ뵽ôǿǾά֮ϵ𣬶ңһ죬Уǵ֪̫̫֮£磬ԭԶĹƬ֮ϣиߴԪƬء
ͬʱΪǾάϵۺŮã̫ˣ
ƬƵ棬طһʱð࣬紵
ֱֹȥʮһع
ȥغɡ
쿴һ˵
ֻͥɱصҲ峤ǵѪˡΨһͥ콫ֻɣͥҲǳʧˣƬأüطˡ
ţȥ
ɵͷĸ첲
ɵͷ¡ͼˣͷԼһˣһ뿪ƬƵ棬ƺƵĽ档
棬ҶͯСѩǵɱɽص֧ͥȥǺµһ»صʮǣҲһˡ
صʮǣһʱھСС
УƵķʣء
үү塢߲ӡǡڷǰ򵹣ŷͷͷŵϵĳСľͷΪǱˣǰϢ
Сľͷ峤ΪȡСͨĲͨСȡСһϰס
ǰķͷԣ峤ǵ壬δıĸ׺ĸ׸ҪҪҪĶࡣ
ͬС̫Զȶ丸ĸ׸׽ǰ㣬ǣһ
ºǸһͻҲһˣں󷽾Ŀ졣
ֱȥʮվĪͨƬͬСһ𣬶»صͥ
صͥͬСһõͥ
Сڵķ棬峤ǵ¹ڣƵͥȻá
֮µˣԼľλʦ֣һͥ䳡ϡ
䳡ϣʼϻ˶ڣͷӢ۵ҲڣٲȻ
ǰö׹ƬڵЩǳʹ磬޷ˣǸ
䳡򵥺һһЩڶϵʿЩ˼
֮ǰ˽ΪΪ϶ѾϾƹָǣϵʿö׹Ƭڵǳʹ磬ȴǳ׵׻ܽѪ⣬ȫȫʧˣ޷ٹ黹ϵʿЩǸ⡣
ϵʿ֣˵ˣʦ飬⡣Ҫʦ˼̱ˣܹ˵˵ˣһս̫ˣԼѪͬʱҲΪȥ鱨˳𣬸ǱƬأƬصҪ˵Щǳʹ磬£Ҫ˼ҵС
Ӵϼһʲôʱôˣȫ㰡
ϻһĲ顣
ϵʿбһۣӣ
첻ɵЦ˳˶ˡ
˵֮ǰƣŹǷǱѰˣҵһ̽һ
ʼ
ͬʱϻ졢ԪʵˣҲ졣
֮뿪ŹǣһҲҪģǶʮ˾޴ĺġ
ϾǾάϵͶѰҵĹǣ
һˣΪǿ쾳磬ƿֻأҪ̽ŹǣͬУȻá
á
Դˣûоܾʵϣ֪ԼʦʦΪʮǶƬأҲǶŹǳ˺棬ʹ֮Ҫ̽ѰһŹǡ
£һ죬ʼ뿪ͥ壬ͻһ𣬰ͷӢ۵˸һºɵŮҲͬУ߹ʮǵĸ䣬ֱһµʱ̤ʮǵÿһƬ򣬵ȴûκεջ񣬸оʲôѰĵط
һ̤ʮ֮⣬ǿйۿŹǣȴûиоκ⡣
ΨһܸоģֻСʡ
һ
վǿУǿиʮǣŹȻСԶԶ޷͸ǳȣȴһɴһַǳʵĸо
ȸоʵϣǰˣÿλصʮʱʸУʸУһֱΪǲûʲôˡ
ֱڴϾƹе֪ŹǵķǷʣǲɵþãʺܲ򵥡
ʵһ֡ʾķӦڲ֪ŹǺǰûʲôȻ֪ŹǺ󣬱ǱʶĿʼĳֺܾ˵Ķ
Ҳ֪һʾӦ񣬾֪һʾӦҲɾãʣضŹǵһֲѰ
ֻǣ϶һ㣬ȥʱȴҲǺջֻҲûá
ʼҲʣҲ̽ѰȻҲûκջ
ʦ˼ľ磬ԶԶûдﵽŹǵĲΣ£ô̽ѰҲֻͽ͡

ͷҲ뵽Ͼƹ֮ǰ˵Ȼʦ˵Ĳľ磬ʲôҲ޷ȥŹ
һ죬һǿֹһŹǣֱȥպ󣬲̤̽Źڡ
ֻ˺˱ȫɱͥʧĴʤһ죬ͥڴϯһһƱյء
ֹ֮ȥʱ䣬ʼϻ뿪ȥط
Сʦܣߡ
һ죬
õģʦ֣
쵱Ӧ
뿪ѾܾãܾûлȥˣȻȥһ
Ҳļҡ
ͬʱҲºǣ׻С̫ǶȸǷǳ棬ҲһڷطƯڶʱڵȺŷͻȾλʦ֣һһ̤ȡ
ȿȥͨĴʮɽƣʮéݣ򵥵ķ˴ûʲô𣬶֮⣬Ǻ嫵Ŀռ䣬ɽƣһĴ硣
̤ȣϤһ߰ɽʮéݣɵЩ˸·𿴵ϾƹΪĻ桢λʦչĻԼһʱԲʽĻ档
֮ͣһ£ֱһº󣬲Լľλʦʱ𣬴ºɵԼС̫ǣ»ص֮ͥڡ
صͥȥ˵һķڣ򵥽Ͼƹ̫ϳǴ֪ʦʦѾһж֪̫ϳǡ
ڷͣʱ䣬ʱʱ̫ϳǣ·صھͥ塣
ǳȥߡ
ͥڣЦǵ
ѽѽ
ɵ˹
ɵԴһ죬ºٴ뿪̤ͥǿУ̤Ƭĸλá
򵥵ߣ򵥵Ŀɽˮһÿʱÿ̶ܰ
Уú֪һ£Ƭάأȴֻء˺ʱһάʮǰƿ


ʮž ά


2341 ̤ά
򣬼֮ͬһ㣬翣ţȴǳǿԴڵմȾ֮ȴԼ£Ȼʮǰȫƿ
ԺҲñס˵ţɿ£ĿڵҪɽˡ
·ϣ£ֻͨɾǧپԼپ٣ǣʿմȾάάάά򡢰ά;άеκһ̤֮ĸ󾳽Ҳ׽췣
ɴ۾ģŮԺҲüɽ١
Ͼƹǰʱۺʱ͸ҲάѾƿأȻ죬վƿصˣ֮ͬ㣬ÿ̤һ󾳽綼췣
ꡢѩҹͰҲǶݣ漴ֶǲɵЩССԺ
άڣǿά򣬶Ǽƿˡ

⻰ɴ۾˼֣Թ뵽Ƭصά򣬶Ǽ˵ţ뵽һЩ£Խӵļ˼֣Щ˷ܣ߬˰۵֣үүۡŮʦԺƿ޵еֻأԺ˭Ǽң
ĶͷЦŵЩеûġ
ԱߣҲЦԼŮᡣ
ǳ̫ƽƬ汾ǳˣźʹȣÿһʱͻ棬Ȼھ֣ͥŴϿкȫûĸ˺Ħ÷ǳǢƽ͡
ºɵˣƬ棬߹䣬;УвƬʿǣǵʿ죬˶д
ɵ۴ˣ
ɵۣ
˶춼һ𾴡
𾴣Ϊǿ󣬶Ϊʿ֪ĺƽȫΪ죬죬Ƭһ޾ɱ¾УƬ޾飬Եסͥܿ챻ͥĨ
𾴣ĵľأΪսûһ˿һĹϵ
һֱǺ͵ˣˣûκд󣬶һһԷͷӦ
¡ɺͼǣڽʱʼƬĸ䣬ͬа㣬żҲȥһЩ˵еȡһЩ׵ĵرȡ
ЩĵرԣûκһãΪѾ쾳ˣƬܶõĵرǲҵõˡ
ЩĵرºͼȴãϾǵΪܸߣǿҲֻǲŴڵ۷壬ΪһЩͨء
ıڸɾ
ƯĴ۾Ź⣬Ħȭƣ
ЩǽһƬƬѰһڷǷĵرǳͷ޲콫ƬصпܴзǷĽȫȥ׳졣
Ķͷȴûоܾ飬֮󣬴ⱦŮǣȺ̤ƬÿһƬڶȡ˲ٵĺö
ЩգһЩȻҲ̤룬ȻԣȴǶ㲻ʲô
ˣʱһţתۼ䣬ºں棬һһʱȥ
һʱǴڼ棬ܺһܰʱ⣬Ҳʱʱֻأټͬƿֻصֻһսսֻ߽ƿصֻر𵱳ֻһսʱһʱ䡣
ΪǴ쾳ڣƿصֻأȴѾֻǿ˲١ţʵֻһսûֻضֻضɽȣҲܼ򵥵ƾԼܿ콫ԷĨɱ
һһ죬ºǣ»صʮǵͥ壬׼ǰάˡ
Ͼƹ͸һƻɢǰ֮άȥϵǰطӡάһϾάȥǵӶʦİš
ͬʱһ뵽˺ܶ࣬ĸĸάֻϢѹĻʹɳͬʱȥƿֻأǣڴƿֻأһǾά֮ϣЩҪֻزſԣΣþȥάأķӡ𲽴ǱܷԸȥƿֻأıǿٵάȥ
ĸסĸסĶʦʦھάص
£һ֪ºǣȻҲ֪˷ͻȾλʦ֣֪С̫Ͱһںѣ֮ûйȥãϻԪʵһЩˣҲǺܿ춼֪¡
Ϥˣһʱ䶼ۼͥ뿪ȥάأһȻǷǳ⣬۵ͥ뿪ǰһ
ȥأһСģҪԼİȫΪһ𿪿ڣҺʦǣΪԽƬȥ֮ʦµʱĥѪս壬ȥ׷㣬پά
ǣʦ֣֪ˡ

ǾͲһˣʹ˵һһעⰲȫؽȫڵһڣЦʱ򣬼ǵöһЩĵر
ѽȫһ
С̫ĿڣǵĲա
ûɶ˵ˣȫһȫһ
׻
ǰȥģһ㶼ͬУһΣûСΪǣΪѾǲ̫̫ˣʱƬ
ӢۡƵҲȺ󿪿ڣݺǲࡣ
ʦӺһŬĴѩǰһ𣬽ͥãģ
Ҷͯ
ͥȫͿɺѩڹ
Цŵͷʦ㡣
ͥҶͯǴһֱǳġ
ºʱû˵ʲôվԱߣΪ콫Ҫȥάص£͸ǣ˵ģѾ˵ˡ
һ죬û뿪ֻǽи֪һˣֱղǶ
һˣ͡
һҪԼעⰲȫŮסλСλùãһֱڼΪģ
ɵƯĴ۾ǲᡣ
ʵԼĸһȥģ룬ԼΪ̫ͣԼĸһȥˣܻϸ׵ĺȣԣվǴ뷨
дų磬ԼŮɿ¡ͰŮ
£ǾͰˡ
µ
šµͷᣬȫҪˣؼ
صͷ
ؼ򵥵ĸ֣ޱȵů
ǰӵ£ֱ߸ɿͰǣһһ˵໰Լľλʦ֡С̫ǡ˺ϻ˵һЩЩĿºǣֱ뿪
ʮȥûлͷһαʧʮڣΪҪ뿪ƬأȥһƬأһηֱ֪Ƕãĺܲᡣǣٴһʱߡ
ٶȺܿ죬뿪ʮǺûñ̤棬ƬصһƬտʥܴ󶯣ܼʥƽ֯ⷨӡӦϣ͵˫֣˺һ˵Ĵѷ졣


2342 µά
ѷڣϢӿˡ
֮š

ںʯӡйڸӦϵķάǰάأҪ߱켶Ϊſ˺ѿصŻΪڣȫ㹻طͨάص֮š
ˡ
ңңĳʮǵλÿۣһһ̤֮ڡ
̼䣬޾ĺڰҰǿҲʲôҲӦˣ޾ڰоĵȴ
ʱ䣬һţҲ֪˶ãڰ𶯣ǰ˿˿ĺڰʵʵ֮ϡ
ȥĿһ˵ʥɽʣÿɽƶǰˣǼ򵥵ɽ壬һͷͷڴϵޡ
ЩɽȣڵЩΰɽͬɳС
ͬʱеܲǿˣڵȫʵĲиӦƯŵһƬңˡ
ԶһƬƬɲݡѩҶĵȣЩ̫鼶ǿ߶оЧҩïܵһЩľ֮£ʽڣһƬѩ֮ŽӡմͬӲݰϲ˹ȥ
һĻĻҰ쾳ΣľѾǱѰȴǱһĻסˡ
ΰʥɽȻƮŵĻʥǡάءɵЩ̫鼶ʿ䱦İѩҩƬأȻӲݰĶ
վطɵõ˿ЩɲݡѩҶĵʼռǡ
ЩѾûκãǣպǴάصͥǾһھıأͥʵڼ̵ʱڷ
䣡
ͻȻԶмǿʥܲӰ֣Լٶȳطת֮ǰ
ӣطĿϣժɲݡѩҶĵһʱ䶼Щ΢ȻЦ
½ǲһȻطռЩӲݣ˼
һӿڣɫͬһ㿴졣
ע⵽ӣʱŻӵĻɫ΢
ˣȻ֪Ǵģ
ңȥ˺ԾΪ
ΪΣ
ЩЩɻ󣬵ȴǲɫժɲݡѩҶĵ
ϵļժɲݡѩҶĵԼ˾ûʲôӦ˲ɵЦϵĳŪͷ̲ɵñøŨ˼֡
½ĵ͵ﰡһӲݵ䱦·õ磬Ц
ĵ
Աߣһӿڣ£ˣЦˣ
ӵͷֱӶ֣ƬʥԵһʱӿֳ̧ץ¡
һ֮ӡԻת䵽ǰ
΢䣬ܿʲô˼
ҷ
ߣ̧˹ȥɢϢŨʥԵһʱѹʮ
һʱ΢ɵ¶ɫ
ӣΪȻ쾳۷ΣʱɢϢȻֻҪǿһ˿ǵѪЩˣˣоȥͷ·һȼĻ¯㣬ţ
ɵøӶƬάظе𺳣ɲݡѩҶĵȶ̫龳ǿ߶˫ЧҩƬڣȻӲݣһʿֻҪǿⳬԽάؼֱ̫̫ˣ
ЩҲͬʱˣּ̧ɨ콣ӸնԷ
ȻֻҪǿһ˿ǣȴҲһǰֻսǸʱᲢˣѹƵֻ
ﬣ
콣âХˣͻѹʥײһ
ݻʥԻӸѹ䣬һѹ졣
֣ݻĽ⣬նķ
תۣطʥԽâ⣬һӱʮɡ
¶Щ죬ӽЩ˵Ųδȫһ½ĵ͵ȴȻʮԶ
ͬʱһߣҲв죬ת˲ָƽԻӵԽЩҪϷ棬·ֵǴԪͬѰԶǰֵЩСӴһȫڶʦֵܵĵһأΪҲвС洦Ŷش󡣸Ͻ͵ǴһڿūԪĿٶȱһء
֪ˡ
ӵͷ죬ٴζ֡
һΣɢƱȷŶʱǿʥѹ˻ġ
ƥʥâһѹ졣
ĽâӭͷȴΪӷᵽĻ΢
ȻɲΪλ֪ǴάضҲΪԼյƬάأ˱㷢ץȴʱ֪һ㣬ǾǣطĿģҪץȥūȥΪǵڿ
ңӿеġԪһЩ뷨ǵȵԪƺΪȻд洦
ƬάأһҪҸ׵ĵطԼǰطӡϾƹ֮ǰ˵ÿ⿪ϵһطӡԲʮڵܵȣԴԴϵӿӿڣ
ץȥԪڿǴԼǰطӡᵱΣ
룬ʱǴԪڵеԪữܵâڣתۼͿɱȫɣǶԣԺô޴
£һ̣Ȼܹѹͻɱǰˣȴôһ뷨Ǳǣڼװбѹ˽ԼѹǴȥǴŻǰطӡһԪ
뷨ȻЩ󵨺ΣգȴгԵļֵ
£Ӷ콣âӦԣԹһЩͨӭսӣѹܣתۼǱӱƵġڽڰˡ
½ң
ӷ̡
첻ŬսģȴͬʱʵѹƵĸһЩڹȥʮǡСӡѹ
㡭ſң
ŵĴУ
Ц֧ʮΪ½ĵ͵Ǻܲˡ͵վǵ͵
вмȴװܾźܿ־塣
ˣȥ
ӵ
µͷ£˴űѹµ죬ֱ뿪ٶȶǷǳ죬ûñһƬĳɫɽȺڡ
ɽȺΰΧвʿأȻͻͬһţǿᡣ
ܿ챻ɽȺģ˵ڿǰ
쿴ǰͫײɵһ


2343 ηֻ
ǰһƬǳ޴ĿȥвٵĿ󶴣žŰٶӰһĿڽǳߴմȾвֽϽԴڱ˼ţƬڵһ
˵Ϊȫ쾳磡
Ϊū
𺳣ңͬһʱ䣬뵽άصһսжɽʱĻ棬ʱĻУһߴħϣǵȳͺǰĳ޼
ͻȻʶˣǸʱͬг¥ǵȻ棬ƬάصһЩū۵쾳ǿߵĻˡ
ڿٵӰʱһڽĸߴӰȻҲӺѹ˲ɵҡͷ̾ϢˣһƬľͬǻе㣬ʧȥеĸ鲨
½һ
ڣ½ѾԽԽˣūЩˡ
ǰһڣ˵ѾٹȥһǧˡƬ½磬ԽԽûˡ
طЩӰڿ˿ڣǴڡ
ңǵѪˣƺÿһ˶ɺ͵ֻһս
첻ɵľƬάأֱֲ̫ˡ
ͬʱҲΪЩ˻еǱ˼Ǵǿߣɵͫ΢΢һǿߣƺάصˣάصάغ󣬱ѹץū
ˣԺҲһеʱ㿴
ҲʱӵĮиһδ֫ϡ
쵱͵һɫ䣬Ϊһ˲䱻ȫѹơ
һ̣ͷǲɵ΢ʶУʯӡƯϹƱ鲼֯˿˿Ƶʥƣһ˿һӰ죬һֺĸоʱʯӡ
æϵ
а
ղţıһ亹űǵΪȫѹƣ׼ʯӡǱѰ䲻ʲôֲ߱ȴǴЧʱеķӡʧЧūˡ
ŸʲôɻȥĮһѣһ䣬͵ڣ㲻ֻ켶ǵͨˣ͵еĺùӳԣ
û˵ʲôҧͻҵı飬ڸһȺͬŵϷŰıУһȥڿΧȡһѿһЩˣſȥ
ɿͨ켶ıǡ
ͷпάص̫ˡ
ܲͣʹﵽȾ߶ȣƬάضԣʲôǺܾˣǿˡԱߣһ˿ڶоóϵϢŨҲǧңֲɵ̾ϢϧץطһһбͶˣ
ǰҲάصģ
쿪ڣȻ֮ǰѾǲµط˶άأ׶˿е֪˶Էάضȴôʵ
⵹֪ʣһֺͨĽʽ
ǰ˵ɨڿһڴˣЩҲάضǸյƬؾͱֶθ֪ץطȫū˵ţʾ쿴һЩ͵ˣΪȫ⣬ܷܣɱȥôԶ£ôūѾľˡ
˵Щʱʱҡͷ̾Ϣ
ƬӵߣǸţֻץάصˣãΪβȥάץˣ
Щ档
֮ǰƬӵһЩ˿ڣūЩˣȥֻǵά˵ȥץû½絽άȥץūܺ档
ЩΪβץƬصūûʣҲܲµͬһƬأƬص˾Ϊ΢ҲǱЩΪͬ࣬໥ɱȴԵ޹ȥץһЩ޶Թͬصū
⵹ϡ˵һЩ˵ͷƬάأֻأֻظƬУԽǿԽɵԽԸȥƬء˵ƬάأԹܹʮάĪƬأиϲصǿƬ䣬ڣϣϽûкԭ򣬾ǲԸ̤Ƭصġ
ԣͷɵ΢ԭ
ʲôɻԱӣ
ͻȻһӿ󶴿ڴһӳһݵĳޣĿˡ
ǲٺ˽̸һ𣬴ڿĳߣܿǺڿĴѾвٴūطڿˣ󲿷˶Ǳľеڿ¡
ߵһʱǿνĵԪһ͸ľ壬ֻǿһۣо˻񵽼ʥ͵ͷɵ΢
طֻһָСĵԪƬԶԶʤάѰ龧ˣ
طĵԪˣ
ʹɵõһڵĵԪ;һڳأƬ֮ǰ£Ŀ󶴣ʮڣ
һļֵʵЩ
ţɻǱ͵ɾͲˡ
Աߣѵ
Ȼ֪˵˼һûڿ󣬹ƣƬڵЩߣеıӺܿͻ
£һ𣬿ʼĵԪ
ʱʯӡֽϵĽֱͣӽǰطӡȴûС
ϾŸձץ׼˽һƬƬĴµλԼмߵʵȣһʵĻϵǰطӡ
֮һڿתۼ䣬һ¹ȥ
һʱ˺ܶ¡
ƬһšУаʮߣץĻӺʱΪ۷壬Ƕڡ
ͬʱҲ֪˽̵ĴλãطòƺԶǧľ룬żŵһЩתϻӲ죬ֻżѣǲģƽռ䣬ﶼɻӺڸ
ܿ죬һ¹ȥżӲת뿪󣬵ڶգϵǰطӡˡ
ǰûһ뿪ػɣ
Цˡ
ʱ䣬һֱһڿûٽѾ֪˵֣ľ


2344 ǧ
ɶĻľһ㶣ػɣ
ץطѾ֪ȥ˶ôƾõ£һʼץʱػ뿪£ȻʵǺܲпģѹΪûκһ˿ϣģڣѾǷеϣȥ롰ػɡȿЦݳ޵Ķˡ
ȻڣȴǺĻûһػɡ
λõˣץԶػɵһ졣죬̾ػɣ֮ʲôҶԸ⣡˵ţֿƬūҲһ
Ҫϣ
Ц
ͻȻ˺һһݵıΟһ˹
쵱Ʋܿһޣķ
ֱ޳ץĻӣһ޳գĿⲻɵЩɭűӣת۱ǰһƳ졣
͵Ҷ㣬㣡
һƣճȥȻǴԴ졣
ܿһƣԸ첲ײ˸
һֱӺʮɣĵҵĹѴƬ
ңеѪƮڿС
ʱȻδʯӡֽϵĽͣΪǱӡѹ״̬ȴǲӰ죬ֻĸ첲ûжȫ֮»άصʿȴҲһ֮ĺǱЩˡ
һĻʱ侪סˣƬȫ˹
ʦ֣
ƬڣͬŵЩڵļߣʱɫһӶ
ͬʱľ죬ŵİˣ㡭ˣ
ץԽͷӡΪֻʣ켶ǶѣȴȻԸĻӶ֣Ǳµ°
ΪЩɱɵūҲ£ɵ˶֣ȷʽɵɱԼԴ˽ѣȻȴǱпᣬɵ˲ɱײԼԼֵūǰٰĥ
֮ūôеūԸҲԸǷ˵ĥ
ͬʱطūҲһĻ˶ľɫЩԭһƬľˣҲɵò
쵭Цûаֵļɵ
Ҳʱӱһɳڵͬŷɫǵͨ죬һƿͬţĿĿ죬һȥҪ
죬塣
Ȼһץūһײˣһʦܵײɣ
棬ܹҵס
ıûб仯ǴŵЦԭάصĸߵ飬Ҳ³ӡȵͼĻ
ƽǻеķȴǷǳԷǳŨ˭ó
⻰һľŵɫ԰Щǰǳ׵ķˣ
Զһūʱͣе£ʮڵūҲƺо˴£һ̶˳ܿһʼ;һЩūе֪ľһʱ䶼죬ǲɵ̾Ϣ
ĻɫøеøӵŨҡ
û˵ʲôһ죬ɱŽʹÿס𶯡
תۼ䣬һǰֱӶ֣ʩצץĺ
ҳʦޱ֣Ķ
͵͵֮󣬻кùӸԵģܻ㣡
ԶһЩɾڵļ̵߲ĵȥЩʱⲻȥڿūūڿۿٲȻ׼Ի֮ĥЩūԻʲôҴۣЩūӵ˿Υǡ
Ҳʱӵצӡ䵽첱ӽǰһɷķ磬һ첱ϣܽĲӸץá
˫ϴܷ㣬Ʋȴƾǵ򵥱ýŲܿһצԸ첲ײڻؿڡ
飡
һ죬һκɣֱһѪԵúǴĿ
ʦ֣
طһڵļߣǳײĺɵĻ˹ȥ
ӺͻͬΪһطüͷɵ΢˵δʥֻͽץ죬ȴҲǱѹΪֽŶųֲ㣬ˣȴαɡ
ǰǱԽץģڣԽȴУ
ѵʩʥԴǺͬŸǿ
һߣʱһվɫøӵ˫ȭ߬һѹĵ͵飬θˣ
ͼĶҪǰͷڣ

䣬һʥӿʥƵɱ䵽㡣
ʥһʱ侪ط˸΢ЩѹŵūǴ󲿷ֵŵŵɺˣɫˡ
ΪЩΪǴڣԶӣֱͷΪתʥ壬һڻӵʥɱǺܡ
ľҲǴ첻ԶѵĵֵŻӵʥɱ
⡭οأ֮󣬿ô죿
Ӹղλɻӣ˳Ǻһ㣬񣬻ӶʥˣһͷӡΪλܵס
οûбͷӡΪҲ˿ΪеùӣΪ챾ǱӺץģȻһʼǱӺץôҲܵеùԷ
ɫһ죬ʥɱһ
ӭʥɱı˿䣬ɴŵЦ
ǰҪ̾ǰδúܡľ΢ͨʶеʯӡ˲ϢƳͶΪķӡ˫˫ϵĽ;ֱķ飺ҽǱߵɣΪ¶
ͬʱʯӡطֱӿʼϵķӡ
һطӡƷ⣡
ڶطӡƷ⣡
طӡƷ⣡
طӡƷ⣡
תۼ䣬ֶϵľطӡֱƿأڣͬһ˵Ǳܻɽ˰㣬һʱųʥ⣬ʹ÷ԲɵĿռȫʥû̵۾
һ˲䣬Բʮڣ޾ܵطԪ뷢⣬еĵ鱦Ѿڳ׼úؽŵĵ鱦ǻδڳĵ鱦һ뻯âŷԲʮӿ޾ܵһԴԴϵĳ뵽ڡ
ʱľΪһǳ˵ٶȿʼɿ
ͬʱ˻ҡƬɵŸʥɽڵǧݡ޾ħɡƵأһһضֲڲ񷡣



2345 ŵǱ
һ󸡳鲼ϣضΰ
ħԼصĻ棬̫ˣ궼ɵ÷
ԲʮڵܵϳƬеĵԪȫ⻪ܵâϳڣط⣬һɹ쫷硣
һĻ̼ʹط˽Ǳɫ
⡭
ľ˫Ŀ͹˳죬Ȼ˽õѹƣָΪȻͻأ㺧˵ϢⷽԲʮڣеܵâȻӿеԪȫ⻪ڡ
µһڵ̫ˣʹ쾳˼ſϢȻôô˵󣬷·ضΪʱͻأɢĪϢ⾿ô£
ٵūҲ𺳣ЩԭѾľͣѾ׾˵ūһ̣ǰһĻ
ͬʱӡԼʮŵĵӽǱɫ
㣬㡭
ϵһȫʧˣһĻɫ͵ȫˡ
ѹץģԽͷӡΪ񣬱ͷӡΪ죬ȴȻ˽ͣΪȫȫĻָȻɢֲϢͻأһһµ
ô꣬δͬʱôôµδƬصǼͳʥŮǺųŲľţȴҲûκһһĵ
㣬ǹ⡭ⱻץסץһ̣ѿͣôວ˵һ˲ף죬ǰҪ֣Բܵеù󣬵طԪеĵԪڹ⻪ܵâӿڣһʱ䣬ܶһ¾ͨˣ㡭ڴĵԪ⣿
쫷ΪģԲʮڣ޾ܵӿеԪϹ⻪ӿڣʹľԽ
ܱ⽻֯⣬ŻӣɴŵЦſڣľǰɣ
䣬΢ΣŰâʶʯӡеϢתۼľūǰֽϵĽȫն顣
ĽƬڵ棬ľŰٶūҲ
һ̣ŰٶūоǵΪʹˣʥʡ
ʱģŰٶɺ˵ʥ𣬻Űٶ
ңǡ
ľڣŰٶūĲЩһʼѾľ˵ˣһ̣ľȫɢȥɵ⸡ȫΪ¡
ū˶ꣿѾǲˣѾϣȻһֱѹǵĽͱˣǱӡΪȫָˡ
ǣһ»ɣ

̲סķй
Ӽ
ӱߡ
ȻЩ˴ʱ飬ûйȥ⣬¿ӡ
޾ܵâڲӿڣһ̣ǻһ˰㣬Ŀڻϣ򵥿һ˲Ϣǳڻӽǰֱֲָڻӵüģټ
Ȼ£ڻüϵָ˽â£۵һԷͷ­ᴩһܴĿѪˮֱӽԷʶеķ顣
ϻɴ𾪺ͻ֣̿еȴǷɿˣת֮ʧӰ٣һԵڵأʹ˳
ʦʦ֣
طŵһͨӸֹסķ
ǵʦ֣۷ΪȻһĨɱˣң½ˣ
ȻӣһҲɵôŻʣµʬ壬Ż֯죬жʱ¶ֱӵͷɿĳԶȥ
ʵͻһô׾͸ɱˣοܵס죿һ̷ǳط״̬⣬
쫷ϯܵâӿ֣տտâ֯
ˡ

⿪ϵطӡһ̣о˼ı仯֪УرޱȵʣҰеһУнǱޱȼƺ˲ϢͿɶϤȻΪĿǰδкܴı仯һĸоˣԼսڽ⿪ǰطӡתǿ˰ٱ
Ҫǣһ̲Ϸž䣬Ȼֻ屾ûб䣬ǣŻܽ֯һѪ⣬Ѫнһһ˵ĺһֱ˯һͷͷһ̾ѣתƵһѪУƺһͿԻؼһС
ಣ
ƿƵӼٶӣʱѾӳȥԶһڵ㡣
̧ͷȥûʲô仯
һ̣Ǹطͻأը죬һɫ֮ѹ䡣

ҽԶԶĴԼѪŽ漴ת۱üž
ټĿڣ쫷ϯʥⲻӿڣʮڵܵâϡ裬طټĵԪתһСĵԪܵâڣڼҼ޾ʥ͸ֵƬԶԶȷԲʮӿܵâҪǿʢʹΪһ뵽ڲΣңڵȻȵ֮
ȱ仯ǿʢΪ͵ȣһжûͣڲϵıǿΪһ˵ķǳٶȳ۷ζȥ
ˣ
ɱúãɱúã
طľŰٶūػɶȴУնӺӺʱع˶̲סڣдһѪ˿һǲɵ߬˫֡
Ǳ޾£ū꣬ǳ˳ޡ񣬼ɱɵǿߣ˶ޱȽޡ
⣬⣬⡭
ڣŻʮڵĵӣʱ򣬸
ӣӣǣ
˶Ŀ֣Ҳû֮ǰűӺǳһūǵģһ̿죬־ͬɥ֮Ȯ㣬һĳƬ֮ȥһ̺޲ö೤ܵĸ졣
ವģƿתۼʮЩΪӣٶҲӣվ켶𣬶άص飬ת۾ͶݳԶ
ûȥ׷ֻնϢļʮεɱ˲Ϣתۼʮڣʮ˵飬ʹʮͬʱ


2346 ת
̻Ӻ֮󣬽žڿʮͨҲɱʱ䣬ط⴦ԪнŵĵȫĨ
ɱúãɱúãɱúð
Űٶū߬˫֣̲ס𣬼㡣
ûʲô仯ЩԴάصǿǣǵūūۣп飬ɱЩˣû˿
ͬʱһθӦŻϵǰطӡ⿪һɱԽԽˣԸоԼ·ıһˣ涼ѾᲢۡ
һԱȣԼǱܷ棬ڵһƬ棬ôǰһɳȲϡ
֮
˵û˿Ŀɱԣ
ͬʱʱΪģԲʮڵܵâѾޱϡûټӿطĵԪĵԪ࣬ȴǻԴԴϵܵȸַǷڽ֯ɿӿڡ

ﰵ
ѹˣԪǷǷ
һʱתֻľʼӿڵĵԪ֮⣬Ԫ޾ԪΪ
һʱ䣬ľһٶȱǿΪҲԸٶ
貶ĿĹâط˿˿ƵĽ֯쫷һƺƵ
ľŰٶūȫָɣ뿪ȴû뿪طһ˲˲Ŀ죬˵ǲס˸ΪʹػɶмҲΪɢϢ
ˣ
쫷ϯʥâϽ֯ԪڵеԪϵĹ⻯̵ʥƬԸٶȳӿȥ
ֻľʱ򲢲Ľ˻ͻȻ֣Ϊ֮ǰѾ˲ٶɵ̵ؾＫԶӦ﷢¡ңһһ»һϼǿӲ죬գɲŸ˸Ӳ뿪ʱڲ
һʱ䣬תֻľӿڵĵԪ֮
תۣȥΪڴﵽ۷塣
ʱĵԪûбեɣܿչȥ
ֹȥպطԪڵĵԪȫʧԻܵӿڣϢﵽһ˵ĵزĿ˻
ǰǰǡվԭأʱ򿪿ڣػɣȴʼմû뿪ľŰٶάصǿߵĻ鷳λǰԶһ㣬λǰ޺
䣬˵һֱը죬һ޴еһʱ両֡
ɫĽ𶯣һͷͷƬתۼû谵ԵϢǵض£ֲ㣬Ҫһжݻ١
⿪ϵǰطӡʮʱ䣬Բʮڵ޾ܵâȡطԪһ죬Ϊڣ̤뵽תΣڴʱת췣
ǣ
̤תˣС٣
ƿƬصά򣿣
Щ˶޾ǰǿߣ֪Ķܶ࣬ʱ̤תʱǿ췣ѹ䣬һʱ֪ˣƿά
Ϊ·ϣͨɡǧٺȾ֮󾳽췣٣;ƿάάάά򡢰ά;άеκһ֣ǸոάصٶϱͱȻƿصĲά򣬸άάȣֻά
ͬʱҲΪʱ췣ܶǵȻϢʵ̫ˣǿ׼ݻһСҲˣΪҪ뿪Զһ㣬Ϊȿֲ췣£ǻǶǶԣһѣ
£һ붯һٶ뿪ת뿪Զһȫλͣ
ҲʱЩԶԼԣ쿴ϣʼɽ١

ƽ׵ķſתϢ
䣬˵һ֮ϣֱлѹ¡
һֱɵתۼ䵽ǰϡ
̼䣬ڵĵر̮ճƬѣԼȴ˿δ
񣬽˻ϵǰطӡⳡת췣ǳֲȻ˻ǰطӡǿ̫̫࣬һɱ䣬ԣ췣ֲˣԣȴ˿ҲûС
¡¡
ϣ𶯣Уɫø⣬ڶ׷ѹ䡣
޾壬κεֵȺ˵׷ϣͬʱֻؽȡһ𣬳췣ϴ췣񽣡
䣡
䣡
䣡
ը죬һһ׷䣬֮ԽԽˡ
ԶľŰٶάص쾳ǿߣɵ÷
վڼԶת٣Űٶ켶ǿֻ궼ʵǵ׷̫ˣЩϵǿܹоⳡ׷һ΢С磬Կɽһתǿ˲Ϣ
Ȼ̣ȿֲ׷ڣȴȻֻǼ򵥵վԭأһ׷ϣȴʼûܵ˿ˣһһԽԽֲ׷ϣڸ㣡
ңҲΪֻؽǸоֻؽͿ¡
ˣ
𶯣׷䣬һһϢԽԽŨ
תۣʮһ׷ȥⳡ٣ȴû˿Ҫͣµס
΢΢Ҳ֪ԭΪΣ˲ֻйء
Դˣû˿⡣
⿪ǰطӡ׷ȻˣԼҲǿˣ񣬶ⳡ췣ûиоһ˿һѹ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ϢԽԽ£֮һٰʮ׷֮طղǽָϵһٶɢȥ֯ƬռеǵȻϢҲǺܿʧ
ϣ߲۶ؼΰ´Ƭ߲ɫ⣬֣ӿڡ
Ȼ֪߲ʹ󣬵һʱתֻľ̵ǰľ磬ֱ߲֮Ʋǽɢ˿ȥ
һ̣תΣԸӦ±ǷԼǿʥϣƺԶҲɿݣҲ˾޴
ڻǰطӡѾ£ִﵽתΣţȻһת۷ǿߣҲǲһԸ⣬׻ɱ
ƫͷǰֻؽ
Ժ쾧ɵ룬ֻؽѾΨһԴ̤ת󣬻ת󣬾ⳡת׷ϴǱøǿˡ
˿˿ƵľâԴȻǺ⣬һμ佫֮ڡ
Ҳʱವƿ𣬼ԶľŰٶάصǿ߼ɽٹɣͬʱ


2347 άͥ
ת֮󣬵ԪĽһƬڣ³ɣԲɷΧڣҲһأȫһƬ档
ľŰٶάص쾳ǿߣת۱ǰ
Űٶ˿ܵĲƽֿ죬Ŀľɫ
ͷΪȴ׵ѿˣɢϢ󣬾ȻǧµĨɱطĽеӣƿά̤ת٣£˶𺧡
λǰػ֮󣬸оΣ
Ȼ֪Щ˴˿Щʲôʲôȴû⣬Цŵ
̤תΣľǿʢ˼㣬еϢѾڡ
Űٶǿ߸΢Ļжǲɵм¶
ػɣ޾Ǽ£ΰ㣡
ллллллľڣʱʮȹд񣺡ľ֮ǰ˵ػɣôʲôԸ⡣쿪ڣޱ¶棺ӽֻҪҼΪūֻҪΥ壬ҪľʲôľԲ˵һ֣
ͬһʱ䣬ŰٶǿҲڣ칪ҵǣӽֻҪҵȼΪūֻҪΥ壬Ը׷棡
ŰٶˣѾ֪ѹū˶꣬ѾľһУȴǱˣٱūۣ»ɣǶԣ֮ȶ飬̫ˣ
Ŀ΢Űٶ˸쾳ǿߣܹάߵһЩ˾;ͨʺǱܶһǿ񿪿ڣҪ׷ԣȻһ£µ˲ǿ
ҪǣôĶ֮£ЩҲ壬ƿΪһвΥ£ɼЩ˶֮һΪ̹̹һһǿߣûɲ׷棬ûɲ¡
ҴһʥأͥΪ֮ͥλǲԼ롣
˵
Űٶ쾳ǿ߸΢󵱼ϥ򵹡
μɵ۴ˣ
Űٶǿߺȣ޾ǰˣ˿ûΪԶСκһ˿ӣֱӿڳơɵ۴ˡɫ𾴡
ʣǶԸͥʱѾԼΪĲ¡
ã
ͷ΢̧͵ʥ֯ԽŰٶǿ
Űٶ쾳ǿ߼룬޾ǰ쾳ǿߣÿ˵սûͥսһ˲ǿ
ɵ۴ˣһ󡭡Űٶǿߣһ˿ڣͥһάأɷҵƬضһʱٻͥȥ˺ţǡǻٻȥɵ۴˳ȫ
Աߣһˣľڣ˵Ļ󣬶ǲɵ΢ɵҧ󶼿ڣһγ칪д񣺡ɵ۴˳ȫ
ˣάصάصʱͱŸѹһֱū۵ڣѾ֪ȥ˶꣬ȫǵ˿裬˶Ǻ͸˽ţ޲ڵˣ
һ˵Ļͷһ˿⣺Ȼˡ
ǳЩ˵飬뷨Ҳǳͬūô꣬ػɣһԣֱӾͻάأЩʧ
ޣǲϺڣ
ͬʱʱһ뷨άڣͥѾǵһ֮άһУάڣŰٶ쾳ǿ߼룬ţЩΪάҲ֮ͥ󣬽֮ͥά
뷨򵥵ĺŰٶǿ߽£뿪ѰһʵĵطƬֲͥ
ͬǼάر𣬾Űٶǿ߶ܸм󣬵Ҫά֧ͥҪ֮ͥάЩֲɵöܼɵ߬˫֡
ǣɵ۴ˣ
һ˸ȡ
άصԶԶάؿɱȣǱū۵޾֪һ㣬Ƭ̫ǿˣάغƬάأȫǴԪĲ࣬άضҪά̣άλ˵Ļһܹɹ˵ĻȴŲɡ
ⲻΪػɶΣΪ֮ǰչֳʵһڿֲ̫ˣţ䣬ܹõǵ£
һ̣Ѿͥѹάصδ棬Ī
ߡ
ٴοڣŰٶˣֱ뿪ط
άصĴԪԶԶάؿɱȣͽԣȴάҪ򵥣ֻ޾ǳһƬĴɣ;Űٶǿ뿪طڴ°º뿪Ƭ磬̤Ƭصһǳڡ
ǳȸǳԣСɳ˿ҲۣȻȴǱάڵ绹Ҫ޴ޱȵĹ
һΪƬάض𺳣Ȼάؼ򵥣ֻ޾ǳһƬĴɣǣУСһǳҲԶԶάصȣʵ̫޴ˡ
󣬵;Űٶ켶ǿ̤ǳʱһγԾǳڣľأɽΰǳܼΪˣȻȴȫûڣֻܸоһЩޣң޵ǳϡ١
Ǹоͷ·ǣűǳֻһŻߵķǡ
ʹòɵ΢΢˿治ά죡
ܿ죬ǰԵͷǳƬάڵǱ϶ΪߵķǣմάصҪ֧ͥҪ޽УһһűάΪǵʵȴܻܺǳ֧ͥȻѵѡ
£žŰٶ쾳ǿߣǳڣΪѰһƬǷǷɽȺȡһһڵɲıϣ;Űٶ쾳ǿһ𣬺ܿƬɽȺڣһһĹɹ֧ͥתΪӡʮɱ
ɱһϵ衢ػӡǱܣתΪһӡʮɱƣǿֲ㡣ܿ϶һǿҲԻᵹѪù
ˡ
ǰ֧ͥвɵý֯һƵľâ
άڵ֧ͥ״ãžŰٶ켶̤У߹һƬƬĹܣŰٶ˶еһЩ֮ٽһԼ֧ͥڵһڿʼչأ׼תΪٽйһͬʱԼطӡĻҲӵϤһ


2348 ֻظһ
µ֧ͥάأ֧ͥһУתֻľʥڣͬһƵʥ㡣
̤תΣȻ֮ǰѾ߲֮֮ȹ¾磬ǣչһ£ʹøȹ̣Ȼʲô¡Ҫǣǰϵǰطӡ⿪öԼĻ״̬ͼ״̬˽⡣
ʱһΣ¹ȥʥԱñȰǰ࣬ԼҲǿʢ࣬ȴûгأǾڣıչء

άأĴ硭
ô£
ƵĴϣһǰɽٵĵطԪŵһǰӲ죬ȻҰһѰĵԪȴȫʧˣĵرɣڣԲȫһƬ档
ӿƵһתǿߣǼΪңԶľ룬ѰطĻӺӵټѰʮӵȻȴȫ޹ֻǷƬռ䣬ȴŨа
׷ʲô
Ͼŭ
ԪʧˣԲڵĽ棬ӡӺʮͨȫʧūҲˣʹϱס
£˷ɿ뿪ܿطţһб
ŭһڳҲˣһɫԳ
ԪֵһĵԪ󣬶պĵȸ棬ЧԪȴʧˣĽٵӺūҲʧˣǽŶԣʧɲС
˳ȥ飡ԽЩ˵䣡ū䣡ԽˣЩūܹǧˣȻһˣǾͻоŰٶ˻ţڵĵЩūҳ﾿ʲô˭ڵı󣡡
ӺӵΪŵӣȻ֪ǵòȣūҲм¼ЩūòӻɶѰҡ
£ĵѰһӵ˺ū䡣

Ƭص֧ͥڣϥһУɴڱչС
ˣ
⣬˿˿ƵľɫʥԽ֯ԽԽ
һۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬˫ۡ
һµıչأתΪ׵ȹβɺԼǰĻ״̬ҲѾǳ׵ϤӦԼ״̬˽⡣
Ҳһ죬ٱչأ߳
ľŰٶ쾳ǿߣЩһֱ֧ͥڣչڼ䣬ڲ֧ͥһЩ֮ͬʱҲΪ커
أһ˺ܿ춼Ǿ˹
ɵ۴ˣأ׼ȥ
ʵһҲǿ졣
ͷԴûһ˵֮ҪҽűӦҪסüҲϣڱĹκһȥǱ𣬻ٵ֮ٿʼչͥȻбɣ֮󣬵ȵͥչ¶άʱһ֪ͨǡ
ԼһˣƬάⴳҪʲôǣ֧ͥȴǻ˱¶Ϊ֧ͥʵϻ̫̫ԶԶȲƬصһЩŴУ籩¶ʲô£ҲõȵƬشһ֮󣬲Žڴ֮ǰ֧ͥзչõġ
һ棬ʵһЩ׼ʵȫֱӰľֱ˽ŵģϾ֪֣ŵǿòҲֻǲڶѣ˻ϵطӡתڵΪҪɱڵˣȻ˵ǳףȴҲԲ̫ѡ
Ȼľ£ͬĶʦ겻ֱɱֻЩ˰㣬Ķʦ֪ʲô֪Ϊ峤Ǳֻˣ˽ޡ
ľˣе뷨ضҲǰ㣬ū޾£һҲֱ
ǣɵ۴ˣµ˽ǣ
Ű˽Կڡ
ͬʱм򵥵ļ仰а̫࣬ǵİȫΪһǱ˳֮Žŵ֮ͥϣǰһжΪǿǣǸж
֣֧ͥһȦ漴;Ű˵𣬾ֱ뿪
ǳ̤ṳ́άĴ硣
ά֮ڣĴƬ貵̨
̤ƬĴ磬ͽߣ̤Ƭڵһɽ֡
УʥޱȻ˻ϵǰطӡ²תֻľȥЩʥЩʥҲĳӿȥңһƵĵƬҲĳӿȥûѪ֮ڡ
Ȼʥ͵Ƭӿ룬ٶȺͳ̶ϣԶԶ޷֮ǰ⿪ǰطӡʱǶݵʱȡ
ȻˣȴҲ㹻ˡ
ţڽ˻ϵǰطӡΪҲһһıǿ
ֻ˻ǰطӡ״ֱ̬ȥ˯㹻ºҲдﵽΡ
ǰطӡ߱ǱܣǿԼļ¡
𣡡
޺죬ɽХǿ֣մ̣ʹ⬰㣬˫֮ͫ֯⣬
ϢˣԿͨĹԪǿߣǣֻǿһ۾֪ǳ£ƿɴ̴һС
и̾ƬάصĴԪάǿ̫ˣһͷޣҲɿȹԪǿߡ
ипĽŲȴûκα仯ŸոտɷΧڣһɣȻȻ֯ŵϢ𿪣ȥʮԶײһ޴ʯϣǻʹȥûѹ
Դûа⣬Ųû˿仯ܿ뿪طԶ
򵥵ɽڣṳ́һɽȫͽУȻȻʹüʼմڿ֮У״̬ȥֻһ
ֻأ׺ĸϣƿصģڴĶʦҲȫƿصֻأȻ͵һ;֮ŬøĸͶʦʧ
򵥵ƽûκαԣȥͬһ򵥷ˣڵֻϢȴڲ𶯡
Խ˻ϵǰطӡȥֻأоԱֻ̫̫࣬ǶݵĲݣǸоֻһ߳һξ롣
䣡
ͻȻʥ𶯣쫷
Զְ˵ӰֶݣϢǳˣ׷һ˵Ů֮һɱвϳŮնȥ


2349 ͳ
Ů˵ĲᣬϢ˥ֻңǳӶݣŽǿ죬˶ٺı䷽򣬳һȥ
߸ݵ˽Ը£ת۷壬ֻӿɿ壬Ŀ䣬˼׷Ůӣһ˵ķ˿䣬ֱ
תۼѣ˳ǰֱʩצץͷ­ֺǺٲȻΪ쿴׷ɱŮӣʱҪɱڡ
ܿһ

䵭
Ŀ΢Ȼû뵽׾ͱܿһܿ죬űøӱ£ϢҲǿצøӺץ졣
һ䣬ԭ˻ˮһٵʩֶҪɱȻҲûʲôƢֱкɫ罻֯һȦâᵴȥ
۵һץֱ۵飬âӣϡ

ҽлص¶һƾ㤣ը飬һѪ
˲ҽԶ׷ɱŮӵ˽Ųһֹǿɱͬ黯Ѫͫ׽һ
ͬʱӶеŮҲɵöݣʱֹסŲ졣
ԶŮӺԶȥָɨâ
וּһХ̶âգۻƳգϯնȥ
ӸղǺҪɱЩǺΪͬˣҲԲʲôöʱɱǣ˻ǵһڵ鷳һ㣬ŮӸӡ֮ܲǰԭǳǸӶݣڼ̸ı䷽ٲȻǲǣ͵Сʱ࣬ɱˣҲڰŮӡ
ĳŮ˵״̬նЩˣʱ֣Ҫ˶ãԷضᱻЩɱ
սҪɱάڵһЩͨת۷ǿߣ̫ˡ
âգۼ˽ǰܣת۷ĺܶתۼǱС
һʱ䣬۵ģѪըУˣ
Ů񻣬ɫˣըƮϵѪԶԶĿ죬Ư۾ɵһ
׷ɱ߸ˣת۷壬ʵǳ£ȻȴȻתۼ͸ȫɱˣֻϰ㣬Բľ
ԼԵúƽʲôҲûзԶȥϵϢǳƺղŸûг֡
ŮǱ΢˶٣׷ȥܿǰ
Ǹղлл㣡
ʩл
ղɱǼˣ֮Ľ֣·һ
ÿ
Զȥ
ŮɣˣķӦɵý£Щ΢
ά죬Ϊڶ飬һӼ޲˫۷Ųƶȴ۶δһۣò⡣
ʵЩ죬˶ٺֳ׷ȥĸԱߡ
Ǹ⣬أ㡭һ߸ԱĲǰߣһ߿ڣͻȻ䣬鲻ɵ΢άģ
ԣ΢ͣ½ŲԷ
Ůô֪Ǵάģ
ֹԼæֿڣǸᣡҶάûκƫģ˵ǰЩӣŵһԪ󱻻٣µ׷ѰһЩԼ˶٣׷ѰһЩԼǿһЩ˵ټòӡܶʿпҲòӡ֪㣬ϳЩȶѡ
Ŀ΢ԭˡ
Դû̫⣬³Զȥ
쾹ȻԹԵǰˣԼǺ⣬ɵ΢ٴθȥ
Ǹʲôأ
Աʵ첻ɵ˺ŨȤ
졣

߶ԷûʲôˣκӰ졣
죬ղлл㣬Ӧûȥٴεлֿڣ죬дžâ˵ʵĺǿάˡ˵ţ͵ᣬûκά˵˼ֻǣάصˣһĺʵڵΪս¶ƬصļͳʥŮһһˡ
ʵĺܳԾδ˵άôǿ
ͬʱֲɵһɻղչֳǿʵ֮ǰôܻᱻǵĵӸץȥڿȫûǿܰ
󣬺䣬뵽ŵԪȻʧˣУȴǼ򵥵ı٣ڵеԪ˸ˡ
ǣ֣ͷɵ뵽һЩʲôС죬Ǹ֮ǰòǹⱻץȥİɣĿģǵĵԪ󣿡
첢ʵչֳľȣԶԷʱĲ²⣬ҲûȥӦʲô˶٣һЩ£ʵҸմάصãƬصһЩͳԼֲ˽⣬ɷΪҽ
⿴죬ûжĲӦȴҲûз񶨣ǣٿһ̬һ¾Ϳ϶ˣ֮ǰǹⱻץȥģǳŽԪȥģ
󣬶˶٣⿪ڣάĵͳ壬ֱ񹬡ʥŸ󡢺Լң֮ƬάأԶά򣬴ޱȾԶ
˵ţڣΪͳ֮һЩǷ
쵱Ȼ˵ЩԼЩı־ȫ£ŶԷʵҵˣ
ͷԴ˲δ˿ڣЦСŮţҵʥŮ
Щ죬Ȼµҵˣȴû뵽ԷҵݾȻôߣȻҵʥŮ
ʥŮô׷ɱˣ
Щ档
ΪʥŮԺգȴ˸ǰɱ֣ңҲоΪת۷壬ˣʥǿǵʥԼԷľ񴿶ȣҲоóĲһ㣬˵֮ǰЩ˸ǶԷĶ֣һսת۾ͻᱻɱ
ȻղţȴǱǼ׷ɱĺǱЩ档
ôʣÿĶͷɵ𣺡ǰʱ䣬һĹż֣֤ʵһǿɸ䵱޾ͳһЩ֮󶼻ǰҲ⡣ǰ뿪壬ȥһƬɽѰһΪ֮ɸ׼ȴ룬ɽڷֶΣҲһ
˶٣ɫЩÿҪ£ֻڵ֪
㡣
ڵ
£ʵҪ֪ضҲµһ㡣


2350 
Ļɫǲÿ˼֡
ͬ˵ǰ㣬ȷʵµԼαǼڵΪЩ֪ȥɽﲼ²ɱֶε
ҲΪµһ㣬ɫǲÿ
ҵĵʥŮȴȻڵͼıɱ˭ôѪ󵨣
û˵ʲôԹǰߡ
ǰߣ˶٣ѿɫָȥĲǰߣһƫͷ졣
㲻ȥ
һǰߣһ߿
ʱˣֱ֮ȥǴɸ˶ֿڣǸҪҪһȥ˵ĳЩϹŶĿɸǵ֮߱أҲ֮߱ά¹պԱѪ汦ǶάпܴǴɸ֮ڣңžǱ䡷С
ڹžҲޱȶάžĪ⣬ƬصͳκһͳĹžܸǿһЩںǱѰңȥЩ⣬ȣܴһЩѵõػԵһȥɣʵӦá
ͲҰıȫȡʱɾͰһˡ
Ц
㻹ţǼͳӿǶǰңһЩҲȥǻܼңȡһڵıͺܲˣȻȫȡߡЦԵ󷽣ҪܽɸڵбȫȡУҲȻһ£һΪ˵ġ
쵭Цܸоó˵ȫﻰûһ˿һ
˼£ãҺһȥ
̤άأҪƬάǿΪͬʱŬֻأһϲأﵽάȥĸͶʦʦһɸǰȫһȻ֮ʺ
ңά촴֧ͥҪԴչɸڣ߼άάεйžǱ䡷񵤱ҩȣЩά֮ϵ֧ͥķչзǳҪ壬ԼҲв׵ãһȥ
Уô˵ˡͷЦɸⶾأܿ£ȴڽɢȥҪҾȫɢʱſɸ֮ڡͽȥɣϣҾܴﵽɸΧ
ͷºһ𣬳ᵽɸȥ
ܿ죬չȥ
պһǰһƬĺ򣬺Ѫƣʹÿ͵죬Ȼп¾綾ֻǿһ۾ͲɵͷƤ顣
ˡ⿪ڣǰɸƬĴЩѪƬΧ򣬲֪ģǳ£ԴУǴӲպԽȥմȾǵѪҲѣ֮ǰ㳢Թת۾ͱĪϢʴӿе䣬ڡ
һĻһҲڿƬ򣬿ЩѪɫ΢ĦȴҲδڶʱڿЩѪǴӺδֻܿЩѪȷʵܿ£ƴ۷մȾϣҲתۻѪͬʱҲˣЩѪȷʵ֮ͬǰ˵ڽɢȥ
ɢȥٶȣϣоңЩѪ᳹׵ʧ
طʱѾ˲ʿдӵܣҲǿɢޣΪ˺ĵɸʱԵûȻ˵ĿȫߣеһЩʿĿǳңԵúܼ
Ȼ£ҲˣĿΪͶ
Ľߵͦࡣ
Ц
⻰òʼûа⣬ǲɵ÷ۣΪ˶һάڶˣһ㷴ӦҲûС
һֱԼòǺŵģƬάڣǼͳӣڵһμʱҲΪ¶񣬶ݹ죬Ӽĵһ浽ڣȴʼû¶κɫڸոռʱȥһ£òȫûа⡣
άڶ飬ЩССĲģܾЩˡ
𣿡Ц֪⻹άڶ飺Щʧˡ
ȷʵˣ·һ𣬲̫ˣòʣ޷ᲢۣŮɶԶԶȲϣԣôڶԷò֮ȫǵȸо
ڣΪؼ䵱ǲŮκһ˿ľ޸УΪؼ仹ŮܹòԼᲢۣµĸµòһģһϣȴҲǲ̫̫ࡣ
⻰ı飬ֻøˣɵó췭˸İۣ⡭ܣ
쵭Цûм˵ʲôƶĿ⣬ٴοԶƬϵѪ
ЩѪǱѰŪǾôģΪɢȥ
ҲʱовٵĿϣв˳˹
ϵĿԽԽࡣ
ǡ
ǲǽŵū𣿴Ƭ͵½ģ֮ǰѹΪڿ󣬺֪ʲôԭʧˣƬҲˣ׷ѰôҵʥŮһ𣿡
⡭ȷʵǽŵū֮һ֮ǰмòӡ
һЩʼ˿죬ǲɵü
ǰЩӣŵĵԪʧµ׷ѰԭǴһЩԼ֮ǰڿūòӻУƬάĲʿˣʱвϳ졣
ע⵽Щ˵ҲһЩȴûȥ⡣
ҲЩЦŶԵˣµȡ
쵭Цлл
֪Ϊ˵
лʲôֻ˵ʵѡ
Ц
⣡ʱһһŮӳżǿʹӣܿǰЦȻѾһ
ŮӴŽȹһָ߹ĸоǿΪת۷塣
ļʹҲ򵥣תΡ
㣡ǵȹŮӵĸ첲óϵܲ˶ٺ̺ܵ죬Ҵ󲮵Ůý㣬˵ţΪȹŮӽ죺㣬죬ʶѡ
ͷԵк
죬ҲͷǻӦ⣬е㽲
£ʲô㣬ﲻܽ𣿡
ʵ
ԿԱߵ죬Ц¡
΢㶣ҲȻ죬ЩǸĵǸ죬˼ʱ뿪£֮㡣
С
Ц
Ҫ̸£ˣرһӦ¡
Һܿ㡣
Լļʹһһطȥܿ뿪طԶ뵽һƬڡ
û⣬ԱһʯٴοǰƬϵѪĦϣʵʡ
ͬʱطŸĿϣҲӵĶࡣ
½ĵ͵Ȼö֮ɸ
ղŻ⹫վһʲôʲôʸվ⹫ԣ
ǣ
ۣѹķǳͣϾղǺվһģңȥϵȻ˿Ҳ죬ȴǺܼɵ
ͼµжǴŲмһ˵ԴǼңԻﲻð뼸ۣͬԶָ죺Ҳ֪ʲôʺˣȻվʥŮԡңվλʥŮԣȻôȻѵһ㶼Լʲôݣ½һֻѣվԱߣΪɱ䣿ΪܺЩʲôʵŻ


2351 
һЩݣԶָ죬Ļϴӿð
ԭ˵ۣ˵ĻԽԽƫͷɨ˶Էһۡ
ӭɨ񣬻꽩һ£ŲͬԱߣͬǰӣһָֻ֮̾ǰģű˼ֱָ֣ʲôѵ˵Ǵ½ʲôʸվʲôʸվʥŮԱߣ˵ʲôԣ
û˵ʲôֻĿһЩ
첻˵Ҳûж֣ΪֻǸҴвѣӲɵô˵ģ½ƤǺһΪʲôǰƤվʥŮԱߣһ㶼Լʲôĵͼݣ
˵⻰ܲ˶ĿϣɵЩüɫָڣһ߸ϵѵģУǽŵūūҪūұܵؽȥ
ӸˣӴʯվŻȥ
Ӷݣֿܿڣôʲô붯
ž
ɲǼڶԷǰ̧־һ⣬ֱӴ϶ԷĻ
־ŶԷ죬ǰҿ⣬ŶԷһٺȡ
žžžϴѪˮƮ
Ҷ֣
ܣӵͬһĻһȺ˵Ƕ֣볯칥ȥ
ֻǣһ̣һȺ˷ҽУտͱȻȻƵϢɣԶѪתۼǻ˹ȥ
ͬʱžžžĶϴŻӵݳ飬ֱԷڱѪ׻ԣֽԷӳȥͬһ̯ڵء
ط˲üžһ˿죬ɫʱ򶼲ɵ΢䣬û뵽ôǿƣֱӶ֡
ǵͼѣ˵ʵ˴еʹ㣬߳ŭˣ
һ̵
Զһϴӣڼ׵̴ӡ
죡
ط˵ݣԱߵһЩˣΪԷ·
ɨ˶Էһۣ³֮ǰŵǿʯȥ
쵱ɫһҵүƽռ䣬ͳ⣬˭СķУһ½ȴҸۿ
Ұڳն֫꣬⽴ȥι㣡
Ը̴ӵ
̴е߳ĿĮȥ
ȻҪִ
٣Ķ
½ѣôţ
ȥι㣬ȾƬص࣡
ܣЦ
֮ǰվԣϵƺ˳춯֣Щ˹ƻһĺ˼᲻ŭȻ֣Щ˾͸ȥ¡Ϊڵļ˿ͬΪ󶥼ͳ֮һ֮ŭҲԽô
£һ˽ԽĿϣƺѾ³·Ѿ챻Ѫ⣬󱻶ĺιĳ
ĿǳױʱֹסŲٴγ쿴ȥ
Էֻɨ˶Էһ۶ѣûҪ֣ɶԷȴ̾Ҫն֫꣬Ȼ⽴ȥι㣬ʵǺ
Ҳʱ̴ǰĮᣬֱһ졣
ķһƾתǰ
̧֣һס˵󣬷ּһŤ
ۣ
̴ӵըҲһ飬ͬҽжûз
ɼ̫ԣֻǺݳ˶Էһٶѣûɱ̴֣ӷҪɱȻ飬ɱɱ
һĻʹط׼Ϸһʿɫɵһ
Ǹ̴ӣת۷ΪҵˣȴȻһŤ־͸ɱˣҽûüʲôս
ͬһʱ䣬ɫҲ΢䣬̴Ӹ򵥣սǿǼػȫģһ򵥾ͱɱˡ
ڼ̴Ҳͬɫ΢䣬죬ͫ׽һ
ĮʱĿϣŶԷȥ
ɱǸ̴ӱɱֵ죬ҲŹ
ӭ쳯ԼɫøɭȻó׼֣һ½ѣҪ׼֣
ˣ
̴ӡ
̴ȴûжһ˵үɣ˲򵥣ƾǣһս֣õѡ֮ҲҪӵٻɱ׾٣
̴ҲѰˣӸղ׻ɱǸֵĺڼ̴ӣȻĿ£ǾǶ֣ڣ˲ѡ
ɫøΪֻǲŴתڶѣսϣһԼ̴ӣȻ̴ӶƲǶ֣֪û˰취˵ǰһʲô״

̴˾䣬ɨ죬ֱһ䣬Զȥ
ˣ̴˿һˣ浣λүˡ
طһʿһĻֶݡ
үһ½һ̴ӱɱˣȴѡߣ
һ̣ǵɫٱ䣬ΪĽŲû˿仯һα˽ǰ¡
½ˣ㻹ΣҵΪˣλү÷Ŵ㣡뿪͵֮ǰ²
ɫʮɭԱߵһ̴ӳʱȴǲ˵̫֣ʲô֮ҪɱĻ
û˵ʲôֱ̧ץ졣
󵨣
̴ӵȣͬʱȫ֣նɱɨȥ
һʱ䣬ʮռŤˡ
ȻĽոտ͵ķ飬󣬶ֵһεķͬʱĺɡ
¶ɫ¶֣ͨɱȣһ𱬷ѹ졣
ȻȴҲûУеĹ죬ȫתۼ䱻ȻȻŵϢȫķ顣
ҲʱĴ䵽ǰһסԷĲӣС˿˿ƵʥƣֱӽԷѹ
ſү𣡡
Уɫ
û˵ʲôŶԷ̧˦־һ⡣
žһϸָӡ
һĻʹط˽Ժݺһ죬ôһ⣡
죬ǿҵֱϵү
һ£ŭ㣬ͷֱĿ壺Ҵң
ô󣬻û˴һǳ⣡
ӱ䣬һ⡣
㡭
ŭ𣬷ϵˣҪͻըѡ
Ҳʱוּһһ佣⸡ֱն졣


2352 
âˣնһ˲䣬ܵĿռʱ㱻ȫˡ
ƫͷâͷ­߻Զֱӽնʮ֮
֮ǿɼһߣ
ſ
ĮһɫԶ絶ԵЩ䡣
׷⣡
طһʿɵһ
ͬһʱ䣬¶ϲɫ磡
ѹ֮ǰͬʱʵﻹЩ壬ʱǵȾȫûˣֻΪˣǿһһӣάؼ䶼źպյͬڣֻĸͳʥŮɱȡ
ſ
׷ٴοڣûֱӶ֣ΪĲӣ״̬óɱ죬ȲˣȣֻԼַɡ
㿪ڣ죬˫ͬУֻǵĿ⣬ʹһʿľһЩһת۷ǿҲ⡣
ɨһۣܵЩʲô
ЩʿԼĻѾ²µ׷ݡ
ҵĻ
׷Եø䣬ҲӵĮһεĿϢ
һʱ䣬طƺһ˵ĻɽҪ˰㣬ʮռ
Ϣ̼ŵһʿԲɵþ˵ŵŵɵˡ
Ҳʱƺ̸˼£ֻǸӦıʣʱ֣ܿǰ׷⣬ʲô
׷ɨ⣬ϣϢø䡣
⿴죬ҵ죬Сʵʲôˣ
ʵ˲Ϳ죬ȴһʼͺȳ׷⣬ϾľˣǱʶվߵġ
£쵹Ҳûʲô򵥽ľһ¡
ӵܣߵİ赽ģĻľһٵС㲻ϸʲôǸ׷ⲻ򵥣ӣսǿܿ£Ҫ˶٣Ҫ
֪ΪãΣձԣȴҡͷ
ȥ˭Ҳû¹˭
ſ
ʱһ׷ٴοڣϢøˡ
ͼɿ֣
챻ŲӣĶ죬׷֣ļɵȫȫʧˣΪԼһжǿս
Įû˵ʲôֱ˦ֽ춪ͬʱһɫƾն֣۵һᴩ壬ֱڲԶĺΧڣڲ綾ѪĺϿըѪƬںڡ
꣬ȻҲһһ¡
̼䣬طͲ
ɱɱɱ
һ˷ɫ䣬û뵽쾹ô󵨣Ȼӵ棬үɱˣ
ҲǶݣ֮ǰѾǸоɱģȴû뵽ɱ죬ǿƶϣ
ү
Զ챻ɵ̴ӸպüѵԶ߻أǡüһĻɫұ䣬һ̲סгһүôɱˣ
¡
Ϣһʱ佻֯ϯƬա
׷һ̶ˣȴûκһ˿ŭĹȻǺϾ˲ֵܡˣȴҲվֵܣôնõܣȫ
⣬һƱɱâƣĿŤһȥ
ȻҪɱ졣
๼ҵѶ֣
һʱվ˳һȫ׷Ϣǰ
лл쿪ڣͷԷ󣺡á
˵⻰Ҳˣӭű׷⣬һԷȥ
ˣԷ
Ҫҵײ

վŲҲһ̣ע˻ᱻĨɱοɱ죬ǿֱϵүӱضе
ܣвʿۣڷ̣ǳ䣬άضǱʶŵִУƲ𡣶ɱһת۷ǿߺ֮ЩȻ˼ɵȴǸӵĵִˣ½ȴǰţϣ
Ҳʱ׷ߵ⣬ֱʥâ֯һɱ籩
ɱ籩ϯ죬ܣʮռ䱻ȫ
ɱʹһʿɵһΪ̫ǿˣš
תۼѣɱ籩ǰ
ռ䣬һŤǰĺڷ裬ȴǺޱ仯
ڣĲҲûκһ˿ı䣬ֱǰߣȻȻ֯ŵϢ𶯣ɱ籩顣
漴һ̣΢䣬ƺһ˲ؽڵƶתۼ׷ǰ̧־һ˦
ңһٶȿˣʹ׷⵱ͫһƳӦٶȴԸϡ
ž
Ķ׷ɣһƽʵʵĳұϡ
һ˲䣬ˣһʿ
ղţһЩЦſ죬ϾҪ׷նɱʿʱɫһףҲû뵽ǿ׷⣬ҵӣһ䡭һ⣡
ӣ
ô᣿
֮ǰ̴ĿһĻһΰ㡣
Ҳɵöݣ֮ǰɱ˼˾ʱͲ²սǲȼͳʥŮʱһĻȴǲɵõ˿Ǹ׷⣬ն־ͱһ⣡
¡
ʥԹԶ
׷סΣɫЩѿøɭɱҲŨ
Ҫ
ôҵӣȻڱһ⡣
⣬ʥԱǣɱһʱ䳯ȥ
ɱ֮ǰɱ籩ǿʮ



һɱâ֮£ά̵գϵı߽
û˵ʲôֱһƳС
ٴζ֣ӿƻƶٶȴǳ죬һ˲޾Զתۼһγ׷ǰ̧һơ
άʱնֻ¡ɺͼһʱʱʱֻأҲڴ֮ǰеǲͲһЩһʱԼĲȡΪֻز
ʱʩչĲֻز
ˣ
ƽһƣһ˿˿֮
׷Ӻ䣬֮ǰȫһһƣһֵ̧
ҲʱһֻѾ̧˦һƳ
ž
һ⣬ʵʵ׷ϡ


2353 ɶ
һ׷ٴκɡ
һΣеѪƮڿУǴĿ
ܣһʿɫֱ䡣
Źȥ೤ʱ䣿ҵ׷⣬ȻǶ⣡
¡
ʥܺ׷סΣʥøǿ
¿죬ɫøɭˣɱ
һƬƬɱʥ֣ÿһʥж·һа㣬Ȼһڷǳǿͨңͬһʱ䣬Ϣ֯⡣
һԶɱбø£øǿ
һ̣ܼ֮ɱоֱ䡣
ң֮Ҳһѹ£ܵա
лһĨâʱ׷⣬оһ˿ѹ
Ȼֻһ˿ѡ
ûʲôĶֻؽתƬֻؽᵴȥӭ׷ɱУң죬Ӹͬѹ䡣
ת۶ѣײһɱкͷâײ򽻷档
طһʱ䣬ռһŤ顣
ܿ죬ʮȥ
ܿ׷µĴƬɱ⣬ֻزһγڶԷǰʥ⽣һն¡
һȿǿն׷ĻĻڶԷؿһĿĽۣдƬѪˮԼԿڵعǺθȡ
һǿô
Ź⽣ƽ
طһʿø𺳣ӣΪת۷壬ȴȻһάضתʿѹˣһδεıˡ
׷ɫøɭؿڵת۱Ȭִչ
һ˲䣬ط񷶼ľҡ
ϣֹϵķӡƸֶϢͬɽ緢㱩ǣһ޴ĹԻʣһڡ
ʥ򣡡
ʿ̲סгȻϵ׷ʱĹ磬ľη
Сģ׷ͨųƿɷһУǧҪǹմȾϷֺΪʥתۼ䱻סҲ˲䱻ѹơ
⴫ء
ʱȻҲ׷ͨĿ£ȻһǿӭҲüɵ㤡
Ȼıȴû˿ı仯ûаͼɵƽȻ
ǿֶΣ
ڣ˿˿Ƶʥƽ֯ƽһ׷⡣
׷絶̹ǣһ̤졣
ˣԷܵĿռ䱻Ŀ죬ղϵŤ
漴һ̣˵ٶȶתģײһ
׷ķʥʣ죬һδλ죬֯˵ķӡ֮ҲӷǳµĻ
ʥƻƣȫӶԷͨһδײԷķʥڣּƬʹ
⿴һʿ۾ֱ׷ͨųƿУմȾϱڵһԶѣȴǶûܹ˿á
׷΢ʥ߶ĸǿʹѹ졣
ȻʥȴС
ﬣ
ʥ߽׷֮ͨѰһʵĻᣬ΢̧Ƭֻؽֱĳ׷նȥ
âܼ۵һѪˮŽ׷߱۰ᴩɡ
΢ֻնϢļεɱֱƶԷȥ
תۣεɱ׷ڣڶԷϣʹöԷһƺߡ
⣬Ϣһ˲ûͨʥʱúܲȡ
۹⽣һʥɲǼƵ׷ǰһն¡
וּһֻնһȴĽâתۼ佫׷ס

׷סΣһȣϢ𶯣нâķ顣
ʥһڱڳϱ鲼ӡƿһС
ɶȻƵǸ׷⡭
طһʿĲάٶ죬תڵΪѣȴת۷ӱƵĶڱ׼󼶵ı
ˣ
ɶϣƱ鲼ʼһֱǽ֯Ϣ׷ͷ
죬׷һɶֱѹ¡
ռɶѹ䣬ǲ׹¡
һһɵ쫷˵ĻϢ졣
ӵĮǸоóڱĿ£ȴû˿⡣
וּһֻؽڸƱ鲼ǰӭϡ
תۼ䣬ֻؽͷɶײһ



һ첻ϴܽ֯һĵ绡ž졣
ס׼ķɶ⡭
һʿ𺧡
ҲʱוּһХ΢ֻؽ߶ֻؽһʱ䱬콣ֱڷɶ֮ϣһɶն顣
ͬʱֻؽһ𣬽â۵һ׷ᴩ
ĿѪˮա
ӣ
Զһʼ̴͵ľһӣһδεıˣ׼󼶵ıɶˣȫĶ֡
ҲʱתۼƵɵ׷ǰɫ׵統ӿ
صתеһڰɱʱһɫĻ׺һֻؽһ𣬽׷С
Ϣѹ£
ѹУ
׷ȾѪȻоõһĿ£ȫǱɱһ
죬ӱøɭ˵һ˲両һռŻ
ĿɭĿ죬û˵ʲôֻһ˲㱻ռŻʧ
ӡˣ
ҵӣȻ
طһʿĿĲš
ǿ׷⣬ҵĵӣʱ򣬾Ȼһ½ˣ
ɫĮɫ֯ϣ˫ۣͫʿʼ仯һ̣ȱ仯ֽͣ
׷Ļֶ뿪ղǱɱһٲȻǶƬص֮Уֻۺ۽֮гһ뻹ˡֻۺֻۣغˣѹ׵ʱ뱩¶
ɫɢȥֻؽڣתǸطȥ
ߣһʿɵͲԭѾǾԶʱȴǲɵúˣļɵ֮ǰƲˣʱɫȫǱһƬɷףôҲû뵽άض죬ʵȻôֲҵĵ׷⣬ȫǶ֡
ûЩ˵ķӦܿߵǰ
⣬ֱǡ
Ưд˾ҵӣƬάһļ֮һΪת۷壬˲٣ȴӶˣ
ǿ
Ҳڡ
쵭Цѡ
ʲôǫ飡⳯˸СۣƯգԵúһζ֮ǰұǼת۷ʿ׷ɱʱҾ֪ӦòȼͳʥŮȴû뵽ԤǴˣԱеҪǿ٣Ӿôˣ
ȷʵǫ飬ĺܾˣ죬άأһУǸά⣬ûʤ㡣
ԭŵЦʱĻЦȴ΢£һĨ⻮


2354 
˾ˣ飬ʵҪģʵѾǿˡάأ֪ƿάˣֻ񹬵˶ѣңֻǿƿ˶ѡ
ָЦʵ񹬵ӣƿصάǣ
άά򣬷ֱǡ⡢ͲƬάص֧ÿһֶӵмΪֲһƿأս֪ġʱȴǲ֪˾ƿصһ֡

˵
㵹ͦµģȷʵά򡣲֮ǰһ˵ˣƿά˲ӣʥŮųάصһ顣Աߣ⿪ڣ⣬һ֮ȡҲΪһʼƿά򣬵괴´кֱӾȡ񹬡
ȴкһλʼҲľ¼ڴںܶƿصˡܿϧȻȾ¼֮񹬻û߳һƿصȷˣϾƬصά֮һǰ˾ο·ҪƿصȴȻҲѵľˡ
ֱһһ˸ɣǱܺˣڱΪʥŮ֮󣬵ʸʼµǵȾ¼ƾž˵ǱܺʼµǵȾ¼ķʮʱչأǿƿά򡣡
ŵȷ򣬺ʼʵƣɽﻯΪ㣬̶ܳȴǲһͬΪʩչǣϣʼһˮôһƬǺӣ߼Ĳȫ֮񹬵ʥŮ۷ƿصȷ񣬵άͬһ
в죬µƿصάȴ룬ƿصȴһһŮӣһάһ飬Щ⡣
ԴȻв죬ȴû̫⣬ܿͻָƽ
ϣ΢ϯѪɫһɢȥ
ǵѪĹĦżһЩȽϼ򵥵¡
ʱ䣬һš
ط⽥иʿ
ֱһȥطһŮͬķߵ󶼸ǿ̴ӡ
һӣһӣһȹŮӣʼһ̼ȥ˴󲿷ʿĿ⣬طһ޵Ŀ⣬ںȹŮϣ۳ԡ
µӣԬ棬һĪ⣬ǳ¡ǸӣΪʥŸӣ˹һİʥŷǧ򻯣Ϊˡ⿪ڣԱΪܣĿǺȹŮϣһʥŮˣôǲúܣ
ĿԬ˹ɨϣһȫԻƽģһϮ½͹µĳе쾡£ںڵĳȻ磬¶һƬ۵Ĳ磬ޡ
Ŀת˲ջأϴŵЦԱߵȲ㡣
ʵϣòɫʤܶ࣬ǣڹ۲ԷʱȴǴӶԷ˫пһָ߸ϣЩĿԼϵʿ۵һַԹĿȡûչ¶ĺԣȴҲûпȥڣƾһ㣬ܵó鲻õȥ
ɵȲ⣬ָòָ顣
ֻƾ򵥵ĸо֪ǿ̫̫ˡ
΢㶣ƯϲɵźΣ漴ָɿȣʹϵĺοɢȥֿڣ㻹ͦŮӿĵ
ȻʲôΪԼڹЦЦûٶ˵ʲô

Զһӱ˫֣ΪתڣǰһȺͨʿǿһӣͬʱҲžŸ̴ӡ
һȺͨʿнŭ⸡ȴû˵ʲôǺܼɵӡ
쿴ȥ˶٣΢һƾâ֯
һߵǻڵӣ࣬컹ҪŰܶ౶ƽؼаŮûĶһһѵģ塣Ϊ׵Ĺϵ󶥼ͳ£û˸ǡ˵ĸףһѾޱƽάʮʱͿ룬󶥼ͳά£ûǶ֡
ͷĿȴǸܳĬĻϣǣ
⿴ۣƺҲ֪һЩ˵ǻһͨŮӣĸǸŮѾʣΪȡ࣬˼ҲѶҪԶ̷ࡣ˵ڻڣǷǳˣҲ֮ӣΪһЩͨӶ
ࡣ
ĿһµϣеľâøЩ
Աߣע⵽ôˣ
ûʲô
ҡͷĿջأеľâɢȥ¿Զ
Ѫɫƣʹÿ͵졣
ʱƣѪɢȥԽԽϡ
һۣʱʱȥϵѪų׵ɢȥȥĺϣҲ˿Ѫ
Խȥˣ
˼
£ವģƬӰֱڳȥ
ʥŮɡʥ˹ԬԼȺ̤һαǿ޾ԶƬĶȥ
漴˳ģתۣʿ˴롣
졢⡢Լļǿ̴ӣҲһ̤뺣ڡ
⣬죬עⰲȫ
˵ͷԸ̴ӣı䷽򣬳Ϸλöȥתʧ
һж
ʵ
ţһ𡣡Ƭǳ󣬸鲼Ե񱦣ǷֿжȡĳɹһЩ˵ģʵҲ٣ϻкǿر壬£ʲôġ
ͷȥǹϵƺܺá
Ȼܺðͱһ꣬Ǽһ𳤴ġЩ棺ҲǶС¸Ȥ˰
ûʲôʡ
쵭Цɨȥķ򣬶ֱ߳Ķȥ
ǰߣҲǰߣ˶ͻȻЩԾ˵ģӦǰ·ôоĸСѾˣ


2355 ֻؿ
Ļ쵭Цûж˵ʲô
˲źУٶȲ죬ҲԲ̤ܿȥԶ
ǰ򽥽һں⣬ϢЩˡңڸԶһЩĵطһڽ֯Ҳ֪Ǵ︡ˡ
ʵȻĻһת۷ʿҲ˲
ʵǿ޾Щ󣬲ȴҲûпȥܿЩжǰС
ǰƽͻȻƬˮ˻һƬܼĺӰ
Ӱˮ£ܿ측ˮ棬ΪһȺ鲼۵Ĺ㣬ԼңݷƺԽһжҧ顣
ƬӰȫȹɣŶ٣ʱٲȻǽ⵱׺ݵĳˡ
ѪбʳͨȺʵ治ʲôˮڵٶȴˣһĴǿ߶Աȼ硣

˵һ˲䣬ȺѪѾ˵ǰŽƬˮ
⣬һȦʥԵʱǽеѪȫѹغڡ
ѪۼһͬӵǵĴʳ㣬ʱٲȻоĿ£ȫҪ룬ʥȴ벻ˡ
ǸĨɱˣ
Щ档
쵭Ц⣬⿴ĽǶȣֻʥƽ֯ʹóȺѪ΢
һ̣еֻʥƿɢȥվɢѹܵơ
ʱ䣬ȺѪ룬ٶ֮켫Ϊˣһξʧˡ
ˣ
΢ɡ
һȺɱһʼΪֱӸĨɱȴǽǣȫŵһɻܾЩŹ֡
һȺСѣûɱıҪ
Ц
ֻһֻȻάʱǿˣ˿һЩͨԽǻֻؿܣΪ¡
֮ǰ⣬ֻ۶ȺѪʩֻͫʱЩѪʩӵֻͫ£ֻؿܡ
֮£ЩѪĸ֪úҰõȣ֪
֮ˣǿЩѪٶȣˮڵٶһĴǿ߶ȲϣƬǿΪٵ̽ѰƬλá
¶ȻСƬĸ򶼼һ˽⣬֮»ἫΪ㣬ң˵ܺܺ˵ķָ챦ȡ
㻹ͦС⿪ڣ˶ٵǺҲС
롣
ЦкǰС
ٶһЩúֿȥԶǴﵽĺ
Ҳʱǰһ޵ϱ֪ȥ˶ԶϹľÿһ궼Ϊˣ֯ż˵Ϣͬʱ޵ΧʵȻĻʣмܼдĿ񱩺гƬĻˮĻ󣬽ǴżµϢ
иâ룬޵Ǹ߱ɸڡ
ˣϣ
⿪ڡ
ͬʱطѾǾۼʿ˵Ŀʱǰ޵֮ϣȻҲ֪ˣ߱ɸǵϡ
һʿĿңƺѾǾ޵Ͽһڵɱ
£ƿһ𣬳Ⱥʿ볯ž޵֮ϵȥ
⵺޵ΧȻŸֿµʣЩȴҲǽ˷ȫţ϶ռ䣬˰ȫͨ
⿴죬Ҳ
˵⻰ɫ΢
ǿı仯ʵôˣ
иһ鱦񣬵Һһֱ˵ţɨܱѰָһղ豦мΪҪ£ȥŰһϿһˡ
˵ţľ޵߱ɸϣȥɣȥĺϿһˣ֮ٻ㡣
ʿ˾޵߱άǹŵԼ񵤱ҩȣ޵ϣʱΪĴѶùȥȴûбҪһȥǿܻʹʧȡ
Ȼ֪ʲô֮ǰָǸ򣬵Һһȥ
˵⻰ʱ΢ʩֻͫһЩѪٳȥ
һȥá΢㶣ҡͷѾˣڵ޵̤ɸѵѡûҪһȥģʧȡ
ţʵɸãʱΪһ뿪֮ʱɸڵı䶼˶ȥǾ̫ϧˣǳ
޷ȻάɸԲôôڵرžҲûô׾ܱȡߣһˣ֮һ
ɸڵرžȷʵûôȡǣ㡭
ɡ
û¡
Ц
⻹˵ʲôȴǱϣֻõͷ
˵ãҪ֮ıﶼȡˣɲҪҡ
С
ġЦŵͬʱһĨ΢⻮֮ǰָķֿۣý㣬ѡĵطͦġ
ʱʩֻͫһЩѪѾ⺣ײԳԽǿߵٶȣʱﵽ֮ǰָƬ൱⡣
ǵطͦⶼûأô֪ͦʲô˼
΢㶡
ûʲôҡͷ߰ɡ
ţȳ֮ǰָλȥ
˶٣ϡ
Ϊǿ󣬲ûйȥñ뿪֮ǰ޵ԶֹȥһСʱ䣬ǰһϿһ΢СĽܣܼž
⡣
˸յϿڣɸ֮ǰǼǿ̴ӣʱӺϿ߳ǰҲһԵк
㣬ʲôҪ£
ֱʵ档
⺣Ͽķһؾɸ
ʱɫ΢䣬⴦Ͽģв߱ɸؾ
㣬ȷû
ɵ˿
ģͷǳ֣أؾΧźǿȻ磬ҵʵڵرһƿԽһһ֣һ֮ܽƿټҲһ֣ƿȻضһЩ棬ҵĸоԴгĸ
вɵоâǣ㣬ǹȥ
ͷ´·뺣ϿϿĴȥ
ܿ죬һ߳ԶϾҪ̤뺣Ͽġ
ǰÿտʼú٣¶һޱȿտƽ̹
ǰƬտУ
֣أк죬ȥ
ں棬ûһ˿һĳɣ첽ĸȥ
Ҳʱͣ½Ųͬʱ̧֣ǰߵס


2356 Ԫ
סЩɻ󣺡ôˣ
ͬʱ߳ܳҲֹ죺ֵѣôˣ
콫󣬿Ц׼Զ֣оԵİˣ
һǴ򲻿ؾȻģ֮ǰѾ˵һֲУоԵİմؾ
ЩĿ졣
װɵûں̽õؾ쿴㻽ˣΪｫĨ
⻰һʱݣü죬˵ʲô
ȻƣýˣΪ˳ΪλͻȻ˵Ļ
Ҳüֵѣ˵ʲôãΪʲôҪĨ
ﬣ
쵯ָһ֮ΪĻֱĳǰƬƽ̹ڡ
ʱƬƽ̹Уռ𶯣һƬƬɱƽֶתۻһɱ
ɱһʱݣǰƬȥޱȿտƽ̹򣬾һֲɱɱȫɽ󼶵ǿ߶׻ɱ
㣬ô£ɫ˲úܲÿɱ󣬺ԲȻٲȻһͱ˿ӡطٽҪǰЩɱһ£һɫѿˣҪɱңǰЩӣ󱻷£
ſڣҪ⣬ȴվû˵ʲôĻΪѾûбˡ
û
ߣ֮ǰԼʱǵƽͱɢȥһƬ䡣
׿ڳϣⲻɵ΢¡
Ϊʲôһ𳤴һˣΪʲôҪô
߬˫֡
ǰЩӣµΪΪȥɽ£ֻ֪֮ɹܶˣûлɹ
ϵôãȻ׽ãΪ׽ġ
ȻҲû뵽ǣɱԪףȻһֱޱεˣһֱ׽ˣ
Ϊʲô
˫߬ĸЩףһֱ׽ˣޱεˣȻһҪɱһʱԽܡ
ͬʱҲȫ벻ͨ벻ͨޱεýΪҪ¡
ΪʲôΪʲôɫúҵĸĸ곤ڵճӣΪʲô̳мĸףұȳʵҲ٣ҸͲΪʲôȴֱӽ㶨λʥŮҴһȣû㣬ҾǼĵʥŮ
㡭⾪ŭλãүүԼ̫ϳԸ׺ʹ󲮵ʵ¡ʥʥŮλã汾ͶΪŮͬԶǿڼŮͬ壬Ϊ뵱ʥŮ˵ǰһֱԼã׽㣬Щйһβ㣿ЩǰڹһʥŮݣдһȣ
ɫֻҪǼʥŮڱУұۺʱһȣĵûнɱУûʲôϵһԳ㣡
䣬֮ǰһ̴ֱ߳һʱԽ֯˵ʥԣֱǿƥʥ֯Ŀռ
ʱݣʱ̴ɢϢֱӷʮ
۷塣лһĨ⣺֮ǰطʵΪ
δ̤ǰ⼸̴ӣʱֻǴתΣΪȴ۷塣
£ȻҪ˼£һֱзʵΪ
ǵĺôͦС

̴ӣҵˣһȫܸоĳûһ˿һѪϢǿߣ£һЩֱϵѪʸʲôֵ¡
ü۷ǿһֱżʵΪ߳䵱̴ӣۻ治һܳе
ͷ㿴ȴûаĿ־壬άۣĺܲˣֵÿޣĿ죬˶٣ɱǰһ£ҵĺܺ档˵ȥ񲢲֮ſʼ䱸һңƺ֮ǰһֱڽ䱸ͻɣһ֪ҪɱΪʲô
ڸӦӡǰƬڵɱֱס⣬ɱԻȫû˿ľȣ·һʼ֪㣬Բ
˵һʼڻ˵ѾǻˣٲȻ⻽ĿģҪɱ⡣
ܲ⡣
֮ǰΪԼû¶һ˿һŲŶԣ˵Ӧûᱻɡ
Ҳ죬ʱҲЩǰ֣ȷʵһʼڻҲ⣬Ϊλỳɵϡ
ʱ׷֮ᵽԼ󱻷£ǵãƽᵽºıֳ㡣
££֮Ӧû¶κţû£ֻʵ͡˵ʱĻûɡ
ԣûʣҲû¡쿴Ҳǡǡһ㡣˵ýãһˣᵽԼʱȴһ㾪ȺʹҲûУ°ҲδѯʣԲ
ʱҾͻˡҲ룬Ͼýãô໥ӣ㲢ñ£ǣ֮ѯǵĹϵȴ˵һ𳤴󣬹ϵǳáȻýãѪԵϵַǳãôʲôɻʱѯ£Ψһֻһ㣬һʼ֪£ԲŻʱһҲʹ㵡
ǸʱҲǻ㣬ǿԿ϶ɱˣ㡣ƽ֮ͻȻкҪ飬Ҿ֪ôһƧأ¸ֶκһٽĨ
ɫһٱ䣬ɫˣãʣܾʣ죬Щɭֻάĵ͵飬սȴǿӾҲ㵱Ǻܺã
뵽ⲻⱻ£ǲ¶κһ˿ţȴǱ¶ˡ
Ҳɫ΢䣬ԭ֮ǰѯĹϵΣǵ⡣һϸڣǶûȥǣȫûеһ£ȻȴƾЩϸڣҳ˼ıɱˣƽ
ǿҲܴϧˣ̣ܶٴĶ죬Ը۷弶̴ӣɱһȫն


2357 Ȼ
䣬̴Ϣʱøˡ
꣬ɫ䣬һͷ췢һһۣһź£һڼףһһ£۷弶ѹһʱƵ˷ͬʱֲ֣ͬɱâתۼ䵽ǰ
⵱ݣȴûη壬˲һǿʥʥڡ
ıûκα仯ں̼产˷ƬʥӺ׳ϵĹ֮ٲѹǰɱâȫ飬ͬһʱ佫ںϵŵŵɺˡ
һĻʹⲻɵɫ΢䣬ҲǸͫһ
ͬʱȻҲǱɫΪȷȷʵʵǴתڣⲻдȴ㽫µ۷ǿߵĹƸ߽ˣңȫˣǳĹ֮ٲ궼ɵ΢̫ˡ
˵ģλãĺܲ
쿴
Ҫʱ֪ҪĨɱ⣬ֶܲΣԣһʼñʩֻͫЩѪԺԼǰ̽Ѱ֣طһǳ˵ʥɵأ޾״֯طһԵ·Ļʥ޾֮ս
طʥɵطǳˣ޾תڵΪԼطӡĻǱܣʩչڴ޵УڣȻǶһĴǿߣҲһʤ㡣
ԣʱ֪º;Уûκ׼
ƾȴƣһж޾塣
ΪȫܵάǿߣԲܡ
죬еľɫɢȥһƬɱȫɱ
۷̴ӣ²תڵ졣
ͷϢһαǣ֮ǰǿʢһء
άĵ͵飬תΪܽҵȻˣʲô
У췢ʵĮ֮ǰǵʥܺ档
²¿
ƽ
췢굱ɫһø䡣
άһתʿսܲһ㣬վֻתѣǿߣȴûһ˿һľη̬ܲˡ
úϻʲôֱն˾ǡ
꿪ڣŻ䣬ֱӶˣƥɱâֱ泯ѹ¡
ͬʱ췢ҲˣȻΪ߳ܶ࣬ȴûкܴ⣬ûҪ˼ȫһ֣ɱâһμ֮ǰǿʢܵĿռȫҽҲһ𸲸ǡ
ıûκα仯΢ʱиǿʢʥԺԻ
𣡡
أͷһʱÿһͷдޱ˵
ͷÿһͷʵŵһ㣬תۼǳ˼ͨɱâһʱ佫ȫУѹ䡣
£
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһʱըֱȴ֮ըѪˮɽ

˾ŭϾ۷弶ǿߣ겻ڵһʱ䱻٣ʱȴһɾ㤣ֻ̫ˣֻתڵΪȴչֲǿ۷弶ǿߣû˿ķ
С㣬£ҵȲˣ
һ˵³Զߡ
ͬʱҲˣʱȥؾۣɿ
ζ֣չֳһּɵʵ̫аˣȥǿܶѣԣʱͬʱѡ˱롣
ɫʱüΪѿŭǡ
Ŀ⵭ɨ˵꣬һΣʮͷһ
ڶ£
ʮͷ֯źײʥɵص˲佫û
ʵĲҽеһ̼žȥ˵ͬʱķ顣
һĻʹɫһٱ䣬סˡ
ԭΪҪεֵ۷弶ǿ߶˼ڤ룬û˿ףȻȴ룬תۼѣͽ۷ǿȫĨɱˡ
ʵתڵΪǰµġ
ɫɷ죬ŵŵɵĺˣ㣬㣬㡭
ﲼ˸ֱɱֶΣһԳˣ۷弶ǿ߸ԣһܾĨ⣬Ҳһɱ֮ʧȥʥŮԻᶨΪµʥŮԴ˳š
ȻҲû뵽ǣתڵ죬ƻС
쿴΢ƬʥԺ׳𣬵һʱ佫ѹ
ˡ

۷ֱ꣬ɱˣȴվҵˣһδͼıɱ⣬Ȼǽ⴦ȽϺá
ͷȥܿǰ㣬αҪ˵ģѪԵϵģһʥŮλöѣ£뵱ʥŮøУûʲôˣ˲ǸŽ𡣡
ԣЩп⾹ƺԷΪ㡱
ѹʥȫѹƣжҲޣȴûбҧ⣬Ҫɱɱˣʵİ̬ģ
촽˶˵ʲôȴûпڣֱ֮ǰĻ屦С
΢΢һת죬¶ЦȴЦЩǿлл졣
ѾξޱȸмʱȴҲǺܣΪͼıҪɱˣһֱޱκ𾴵ý㡣
Ȼĸܣޱεͼıɱ˭Խܡ
ÿҲ˵ˣѣѼ໥Ӧ¡
Ц
š
ͷһεл
쵭ЦûѯҪδĿ򺣵ףҲǼһڲԵ
˵ţŵƽ֯ʥӿ⣬ֱźȥ
ܿ죬ףƽ֯ſƬĺˮγһյشʹʥɵغ޾ͬһʱԻʱޱȻʥ֯һܲĵܲǳĲס
ɫ΢⡭
ΪȻķǷһأ̾˵
һطʥԼ̺ĵУʱڣҵΪһء

ʥɵغ޾֯۵ʥصǳ
ʿԣĵƣԳһȻĵر
΢ȴҡͷ죺ҾͲˣҺһֻʥ͵ԸԵЧͶ֮Ҵﲻ󾳣Ҳﲻתڡ˵һɣΪ㻤
ıҲ췢֣ܺһ


2358 ʥ
ûϵһ
ЦȻ֪ʱʲôһ롣
Ϊ㻤һ̤תڡ
ܼ
컹˵ʲôȴûпڣаɡ
ûǿֱطıϥ
ȻǴ֮УҲžԵƿغ͸ӦοǳģԲҪȥ͹˼ʲô
ˣ
ֻľתطƥʥʱԴԴϵĳӿȥеƬصȳӿȥ
һʱ䣬ľʱʼԼٶ
ⶨվһԣܣΪ
ˣʱһţת۱ʱȥ
֮طۻƬʥɵԼ޾еʥصȣľһɼǿĲһһʥ硣
һ̣˫ۣԶ˶ٺ󣬳
Ƭʥɵغ޾۵֮ǰд뱻ȥɱ۷ǿߣյʱﻹʣµʥصһ죬תڴﵽתڼΣʵ˲١
ٹȥһЩ꣬طӦûۻϼʥԼص

ֻǼȡƬ̵ѣûƻƬأ֮Ƭػмȡؼʥ͵Ȼڴˣ±ǿʢ
кԱߵ⣬Ժڶ𣬺ܿ»ص֮ϡ
죬Ǹҿܲȥɸˡʱ򿪿ڣϴǸ⣬дɫ£ʶȷǷֻǣһˣҲжǷֻ漰ʥŮλãǻǣ󲮺ˣ漰֮λǻǳ鷳ڵôؼ顣
ԣ˵ͷǳȷ
£ֻһڲ룬ֻǴΪٶԼʥŮǵã漰丸ҪȡҼ֮λǾͺ鷳ˣǻᵼһңһãͻʹ巢޴󶯵ǿлҪºܶ౶
ȵǲǶûеϾ֮ǰᵽԼ׺ĸ׵ļ֮λ¡
ȥɸѰڴɲ;
šͷҪأף㽫ɸڵбȫС˵ţ˶٣ҵ֮ظ֪죬ȡһұ־ı񣬵ݵУҽ´ãٳ㡣δκҪ
á
ͷı
Լݹȥı¶ЦһʱǸСŮ㡣
ˡ
֣ûйĶֱ뿪Ƭ֮ȥ
Ŀ⳯ƬȥֱԷʧҰС
漴ƫͷ֮ǰ޵ķ򣬲ź೯ȥ
ںϣĲȥ죬ʵȴһ޾Զûȥñ»ص֮ǰ޴֮⡣
޵⣬ʵȻĻʣǰӿ϶̤뵺֮ϡ
ʼһ뵺֮ϣʱ䣬ӿʹüͷɵ΢塣
Ϊ濴ȥǹľȺҶͦΣΪӦʥŨŶԣȴǲ뵽治ûлʥϢŨ·һ㡣
ԴˣҲǲ⣬ӿչܿȥԶ롣
漴⵺Ķȥ
𣡡
ǿɶߣ彻֯źʵɫס
޶ãȻȻ֯ŵϢһ֮ĺɡ
֮󣬴ŹȥʱУǰһƬΰʥɽʣ·һ㣬˲ɵһּСĸо
ʥɽײԿһʯţѾǱƻĲˡ
ʣǸ߱ɸλΰʥɽڡ
ʯţڣӦǱ֮ǰʿٵˡ
ûԥֻһԲƵʯ̤뵽ʥɽ֮ڡ
ʯźһɸߺɿɽ·˳ɽʥɽȥ
ɽУհհ͵ĽŲϵ
ɽģռԽԽ㣬ңзǳǿʥܲϢǰƺǿʿǰս
ʱĽŲЩûãǰһƬޱȿտĵһ΢С㣬ʿĶΣǶƬռģӰڼʥǳˡ
һ۾ϳˣԬ棬ʥŸ˹ԼʥŮɣ˽棬ԭ򣬺Ȼһ˱ꪡ
ꪳԼ߳ߣϿĹƣ֯ڱԣȻǱѰֻԶԶĿžܸоǳֲʥڱ֮⣬˲ɵļ¡
ٲȻһάı
쿴߳߱ꪣӲɵ΢߱Ǵ˵еά֮һʥꪣ
¡
ʥ𵴣Ԭ桢˹ɣ⻷ƴĿʥԣÿһÿһʽ·ǳΪˡ
ʥꪣһάĶⱦ֪ˣ˭ܹ
Ҫ룿ض񹬵ʥŮϾԷƿά򣡡

˵Щ֣˼սѾȥˣֻҪʩչ򣬵ת۾ѹԬ˹󣬿ǣΪʲôһֱã
˵ɰĺܣ񣬴ڲʹ½Ԭ˹ܰɣԸ֤ԼǱܡԬ˹˷ֱͰʥŸӣҲаģȳʥꪣںأˣǲºˣ̫ˣһɵ򾿾жǿ󡣡
е
ܣһЩʿۣһ˲˲ĿԬ桢˹Լɵս
˵ڼս໥ǣƣûԼٳȥûпǸꪣ
Сڣѯʸͬ顣
⻰һԱ߼ʿбۿ˹ȥ
ȥԣ
Ԭ桢˹ɣط˭Ǳȣ˼ʱȥǱꪵ⣬ܵһʱ䱻ͬʱ˲仯ɻң
⼸˵
֮ǰڵ˶ʱһ룬Լʵ⣬òôЩɵ
ҲʱԱߣһֵʿɴۣŶǣǣ
ôˣ
Աߣʿ˵ķӦЩ棬˳Ŀ⿴򶫱ǡ
һǶݣ˫ۡ
Ƿ첽ƽʱȫԬ桢˹ɵļսֱƬռĴʥȥ
оʥꪵķǷֵУ֮ԼдãƬά֧ͥķչҲдá


2359 
⣬ˡ
˼ʱ򣬾ֱĳʥꪶȥҪȡڱʹƬռڵһʿݣطʱ򣬾Ȼ˸ҳɡԬ˹󼤶ʱȥʥꪣⲻ
󣬽ģУһЩʿڿò󣬲ɵľ
ǡ
ɱүʹ׷ӵǸάˣ
̲ס
ǰ⣬ǿƻɱү죬׷һսƵ׷룬ʿˣʱϳ졣
ûЩ˵ķӦ䣬ֱʥꪶȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ɡԬ˹ȻĮͬʱ֣ɱâֱĳ
ת۶ѣɱâ䵽ǰ
Ĳûκα仯һ̷·ǲؽڵƶɱâûһȫϻ
΢Ǹղ˦ɱâɲûô飬ȴȻ׵ȫ㿪ˡ

Ԭ濪ڣ۶Ϣͷ­ȥ
ɲ֮ǰɱâɱȣ֮գۼ䵽üǰ
쵯ָһɳ͵һĽնķ顣
ͬʱĽŲûκα仯Ĵʥꪶȥ
һĻʹطһʿɵþǶݣԬղնĽɲ򵥣ʹطϱﶼļ£ĸоһת۷ǿߣ˲Ϣͻᱻһ𣬿ȴǵָ㽫ǵȽĨˡ
Գһһζ֣Ի
ģʶ㣬׺ݵΟߣ콻֯ȥ
ͬʱ˹Ҳ֣֮졣
ɫ䣬˦ּɳƬʥԣҲ֪֮ǰɱâǿ˶٣Ԭ˹֮һϯȥ
ʱʱټ໥ϾʱǱֱĳʥꪶȥˣȻʱ첻ܶ
˵Ĺ֮ʹƬʥԣת۱䵽Ľǰ
鲻䣬ֻԻ
˵Ĺײֻ֮ϣȫֻ
Ԭ桢˹ɶͫ΢ǵĹѾˣͬʱ죬ȴ׾ͱ
ܱƵ׷룬ȷʵܲ򵥣
Ԭ̱֮ǿʢʮɲǳǰ
ƥֱ֮ѹ¡
ͬһʱ䣬ɺ˹Ҳڽǰͬʱɱâ
Ѱ϶ʳô򵥣
˹Į
û˵ʲôĿ䣬ɱâѹһУпռ䡣
⣬ʥƸУֻ˵Ĺȫ¡
ͬʱֻնϢļĽɨˡ
ɲǼ䣬Ԭ˹һƺ߳űǱ콣âֱӸᴩѣһʱԺɳȥԶѪˮڿС
ʥƣٺˣƶ콣âһμȫն顣
⡭
طһʿɫ
Ԭ桢˹ɣ󶥼ͳʥŮͬʱͬʱ죬ɽȴ㣬Ԭ˹ֱ˺ɣδˣҲʮɡ
ɿ죬Ӳɵһüͷһ
ͬһʱ䣬ͣ½ŲɣƿȷʵǺǿ
ղţʩչֻնϢ콣âתۼǽԬ˹شȻȴǵֻնĽâȫնķ顣
ܲ򵥣ͬһ󾳽ڣǵһֻܹն
Ļƽƽʹɫ΢һֱ˵ĸо
Ҳʱ¡죬Ԭ˹ͬʱأѾ޸壬ɫԵúܲÿ
ǷֱͰʥŸӣȴһ䱻쵱һ˵ˣ̫
˿죬һ̶Ǳñɱ
䣡
֮ⷭӿһͬʱͨеâԻִҲһһ֯һȥʮռ䱻һŤ
ڣòҪ֡
ƽ
µ˲䣬Ԭ˹ͬʱӿһʱûԿѪ
ʱ䣬붼ɫ
㡭ʲô
Ԭҧ
һ̣ʥͻȻޱȻңʥڽ̷
û˵ʲôɨɣʥȥ
ţ콣â֣ڼһӡͼŹᴩԬ˹Ľһû뵽ڣ˵ʥ֮У֮һʱڣἫ̶ڵʥʱǿתʥ֣һʱͻʥ̻Ҷ޴ķɡ
Ԭ˹ɫԺѿʥӿҪٴζ֡
һ̣Ŵ߶ʥ˵ٴοѪһʹ
ʹ˵ɫһʱøѿҲ߶ʥʱʱڣʧȥսˣǿеĴ߶ʥǵͬɱ
ǰ߱ʥȥɵ߬˫֡
ʵ֮ǰط֮ǱǾͶ֪ӦǶ᲻ǱˣΪƿǵžԵѹһɼǵǲܵסԻʧܡ
ûˣɸճʱͺˣ٣ǵһܣ֮󣬾ǱܣҲԲ㶪ˣϾƬάصָ֮һޱȿ¡
ȻڣȴȻάضˣ赭дĽǻˡңΪǻҪһС̨ף
ǿάص鰡ƬάصĶͳֱϵˣѪԪԶԶάȣΪҲҪһЩ£ȴȻܸһάضˣôܣô᣿
ȻѾ֪֮ǰͻܹͬΪӷ⣬ʱ򣬵·ԼʱȴҲԸţԽܡ
ûǣŲû˿仯ʥꪶȥ
ﬣ
Ƭʥ⻮һѹ¡
ܿƬʥ⣬ƫͷɡ
Ŀ䣬һַԹĽʱһȥ
ϣһɫ⻷ƶʱʮռâ֣֮ӿȥԾ·ڳڳĤݡ
һսϼ룬Ƕһά顣
Į˫Ⱦһɫ


2360 ƿ
ɫʥƣһޱԭʼϢڻƶ
ʮâԾ˿˿ƣ⳼
һʱ䣬طһʿɵһ
⣬ǡ
һ̣Ҫʲôʿһ˲Ͳµƿصά򡭡
ȻԬѾʥ˹һҲɫΪ֮һ䡣
н֯˿˿Ƶ΢⣬һ̣ɵƱ֮ǰǿ̫̫࣬˵Ѿǡǿ̫ࡱ⣬ѾͬǱһƵġ
ʩչԼֻʱ״̬һ
ŶԷʱûٳʥꪶȥ
ʱɣɲǼ򵥵ܴ򷢵ˡ
ɡ
һ̵ɣѹ
Ȼˣıȴɺƽ
Ŀ䣬¸ߵӣɫʥƣһȥ
ϵĿռ·ԭʼһ㣬һƵŤ
쾲վԭأ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣͻأĳ֣ϵâֱС
ռ仯ԭʼĵ㣬ԽռΪ㣬ʵ˲ﵽĿĵء΢˲ơ
ǰƶƻһǴڣԷ£Ϊȫٶϵķ룬ҲǴ˲ƶ
ڣڻغҰбޱؼҲǰ㸴ӣ񣬽ֻǶݵ˲䣬ֻǼ򵥿һۣŪɷͻأԡ
ռ仯ԭʼĵ㣿ǡʲô˼
˵ʲô
˵ʲôɸղʹ򹥻ˣ׵ıܿˣ
ʿɻʿԾ
Ŀ΢ЩŵĿ졣
ղŵǵƶȷʵ֮Ŀռ뻯ԭʼĵƶ˲ϢʹñĿռ»ָⱾһǾɱͬһ󾳽ڣǲܹܿŶԣһʽɱһǿڡ
Ȼ첻ɲǼܿһ˲俴ƶġ
ͷ΢

Ҳʱ
ɫһĿ䣬ȫûнС
񹬵ĵʥŮƿάˣ
죬ȻȫУԣʵЩ̣
쿪ڣ㲻ôҹȥˡ
Ż䣬泯ȥһƵʥԽ֯
ﬣ
̶֮תۼǧâ֣һƬնɡ
Ŀ΢һн̼ȫʧ
ȫԭʼ㡣
Ҫˣ
䣬ӿһʱϰ˻ģӸѹ졣
̫壬ֱҲһһ
ֻһɲǶѣĸֱʱһʱʧӰ٣ֻҪһ򣬱ʧ
ȷʵǿ

˵⻰һ̣ʮԶһƬɫƬط
͵һһƬ棬һƬռ䣬ޣɢ
Į㺮ڳɫһ죬һƬһƬԻʥһ㣬Ӹѹ졣
ӭɫ׵粻Է˲ʧ
ӡӭϣʦֵĶʦ޹ӵ޾ĳɳԣɷһС
Ȼǿڴһ˲䣬ɲǼʧ
ͣ
ֻմȾһ˿⣬̼߽⡣
ˣһκԶ
ֻԴĻֻͨرԴԣǾԷȴ׼ͱͬһ󾳽ڵɸˡ
ڣΪ֮ǰĿԸۡ
Į⻯һƬ꣬һƬϯȥ
΢˦Ƭֻؽâֻزܡ
ƿֻأʱȴʹãرܡ
˫УһƵʥԽ֯׽ɵ⣬ǵͬʱԷɿĸ֪ͽ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һƬռڣеһоʧ
ֻزܣٶȼ죬ƬռһӰ
⡭
Ǹˡѹˣûκεã
ά֮
ƬռڣһʿĿ𺳡
ǿ֮ǰ˶Ŀã׼ͻӺͰʥŸʥӣڣȴƵĲܡ
һлԭʼΪǲ⡭ھ޵֮
һʿп
һһתۼǶΪ㣬ܹˣ
Ҳֻ⼸άԼǿάάȣܹӦˡ
˵
ͬһʱ䣬ԬͰʥŸʥ˹󣬸ͫ׽
̫ǿˣĶͳӣҲɵһС
䣡
ʥܽ֯Ƶ֯Ƭռ䣬˿˿Ƶ
Ƭռ䣬⣬һѹС
ֻزܣִţУһƾâʱʱԾ
תۣһʱȥ
һʱȥʱеľâŨԼâ֡
ĵͦ죡ɫһ̣ڣתۻɺӣѹʮǣ㣬ܳȥԣ
ɺӣ˲ѹ¡
ϰ˻ģȫƸǣûһ˿һܵĿռ䡣
Ŀƽâǿʢһ˿Ǿһԡ
Ż䣬̧֣һƬâ֣˺ѿɺӣп
ͬʱһһлƳգ˲Ƶɽǰ
ɱɫԶ
һ̣ղڣһСƬĿռ仯ޣת֮䳹ʧ
ǣ
ɣǣǺǡ
طʿɫ䡣
ԬͰʥŸ˹ˣǿ
ɵɫҲû֮ǰ㡭ܣ
ţâУԺͬͬԴ
Ƿ
Ҳƿ򣿣죺Ϊʲô֮ǰû˿Ӧ
ƿΪߣҲƿô֮ǰûиӦԻӦĵŶԣǣ֮ǰʱȴûһ˿һƿĸо벻ͨ⡣
һ̣ƺ뵽ʲôɫͱ䣬̲ס΢
㡭ҵƿ
ͫʶɵþ
쿴ƽеâ֯һƵϹ⸡
ոƿأ飬һ¡
˵
Ż䣬һƬƬԻֱնɡ


2361 ά
Ƭлգתۼ䵽ɽǰ
ɫѿҧгݣ֯ŵ˲ϢڣΪһ˵ٲϡ
͵һת۱Ǳ飬ɼٲƲƺƵĳѹ¡
Ӻ⣬һһɫӰֳ̧ǰ򵥻ӳһȭ
ɫ֯ȭˣԣԶԶȲɼٲȴƺҪǿʢ٣Ե棬򵥵һȭٲ

˵â֯򽥽ǿʢ
ɿٽ߶ĸǿᣬͬâԻӭϡ
һʱ䣬ͬͬԴײһƬƬճ׻Ϊԭʼ
Ȼ
ɵֻһʱһʱͣ͡
⡭𣿣
طһʿĿȻ
ӸղɵĻЩʿѾ֪ˣ֮ǰδƿ򣬶Ϊɼ󣬱߿򣬶һƿص
Щʿ㤣һֻо궼ɵ÷ϾҪ˰㡣
ɣ񹬵ĵʥŮųѳľţǱֲܿˣʼµĹ֣չʮʱ䣬ƿصά춼𺳡ȻȴǽֻһʱֻƾŹۿɼ򣬶󾹾սƿ
ǺεȵĿֲ
ǴƬάƬͲεУôܻôֲˣ⡭ܰ
ֹסķ
ȻǿԬԼʥŸ˹ҲĿ𺧡
䣡
䣡
䣡
պɫƬռ䲻ײ֮һнɢ
תۣӹȥ
ˡ
쿪ڣָᵯһɺӿ
ⷽɺϢˣɲǼǷȫ
漴һ֯˴ɱֱӸĺɡ

򣬳Խˣ
Ƭռ䣬һʿһδ
һ̣˶ĸо˳ƿأѾǺϣԶԶ˦˺档
ࣿ
ʿ
ֻƾŹۿɼ򣬱ڶ̶̵һʱƿڰӵʱϤԶԶɣܹ쵽
쿴ɣûһʿ𺧣ٴγʥꪶȥ
ϵطӡڵص֪Ѿǰȣȴֻ⣬ڼ̵ʱڶϤʡ
䣡
ɫ𶯣Ժ󷽻תۼǰ
ָͬһƬѹתۼ
ԶѾסΣ˻
ߣ
ҧĶ죬ɫԵޱȵѿ
Դʼ֮Ѿǹȥ޾£ȴʼ⣬ʼµĹ֣չʮʱ䣬ڵڶƿصά֤ľǱܣΪάһš
Ľ
άض죬ȴֻڶ̶һʱʱֻǿʩչ򣬱ƿڶ̶̵İʱڼƿأӵеѾԶԶԽ
ʲô
ʼµĹİ£ķʮǿƿص쾹Ŀһʱʱ䣬Ǿƿصˡ
Ľһ˲䱻ķ飡
죬¡һ⣬øӿҪһлԭʼʹطһʿļ£˷ɿˣ±
ƫͷĿϣɣټʤѶˡ
ҧ߬˫֣űøˣʮ
ûаܣûУ

쿴ǿСŮ
Ż䣬ٴεָһĨâ˲Ϣ䵽ɽǰ
͵һһʱʥѹȥ
˶٣εָһâɳûüġ
ƿҲйأ㶫ɵ˶ֿڣԺҪô߸ϵĿˣ죬ˣǹŴʥ˵ĻȻͨϰնԣƽһȽϺá
Ȼʼմһָ߸ϣЩˣ̫߰ȴҲʲôʱֱӽԷɱ
ţüڵâдĸ⣬Ұһ˿׶Ŷɾдá
룬һֱô߰ȥδԸ˵ὥŤ񣬵㲦һ¶Էʾһ¶ԷöԷһЩ߰δһ¡
䣬ɣת³ʥꪶȥ
ͬʱסˣĿҲŲ
һսȻôԸϣ֣ȴȷȷʵʵˣ׵׵İˣܣ
£ȻҪɱҲһ˿һ⣬ȻǵûɱǴһӡʶаҪ壬ֻһ˲ѣǱʹڵǿ˲١
Ҫ壬񹬵ʼµЩ飬ʤܶ࣡
һʱ䣬ЩˣվԭأĿ졣
Ҳʱʥꪽǰûκٸҳأʥꪡ
һֿ̣ʥꪴʱʥ֮һȦʥâһԶ
⣿
ô£
طһʿΪ׻ɶ𺧣ʱһĻɵΪһĻݡ
ʥꪣȻ죡
סΣ¿ʥꪣüͷ΢壺ػ磿
˶٣ٴʥǰһΣʥӿٴץʥꪡ
һһΣڶ˰ʥǱ𿪰ɶԶ
άĽ硣
ǰγԣһ̣˳ʥĽ磬ά𣬲߱ɱȴЧȡʥꪣһάǿ߶ͻ
ǿȥͻȽ磬ԽܵķҲ֮Խ
ڰ⿴ʥꪣֻһĨ΢⡣
˵ΪʲôὫ˱÷

طԿóԲǲرأʲôĹҵȣ˵£ܻ߱ὫԼڱ֮һ
ǣʥȴȷȷʵʵǱ÷ңصʥ֮ӳǿĽ磬ЩѰùŹ֡
΢ط˶٣ٶ룬ټȥȡʥꪣһ·ɽĸλȥ
ʥĽ̫ǿƵÿڣһάǿ߶ȡʥꪣʱʥɽĶȥѰǱԼҩȡ


2362 Ե
⡭ˣ
쾶ֱ뿪ʥɽĴȥһʿǲɵöݡ
߱ʥꪾطûܺȴֻ򵥵ȡ߱ʥꪣһֱ̾뿪ˣʹ˶Ϊ֮⡣
ɿ뿪ıӰſڣ˵ʲôûе
ͬʱವƿʿ뿪ܿ嵽ʥꪽǰ
ά
⼸ʿٲȻͬ飬ûᣬһǰһƺȴ֮ǰȡʥꪱ𿪵Ļ棬ʥĽ磬һʥꪡ
ֺʣתڵʿһɽɾ롣
漴ʿǰϵʱûκη׷׳ԡ
ģһǰʿǵһʱ䱻ɡ

뿪֮ǰƬռ䣬ʱѾ߳ȥԶ
߹һξʥɽڿԼܶÿһܿ
ֻ̧һȭڲ֮ϣܵɽȫûɴˡ
صʥȹʥɽ

ԭض£ûйͣǰȥ
֮󣬲ֱÿտһռ䣬вʯҡ
䣡
ƬռڣʿѾкܶ࣬ٲȻǴʥɽڵߵطȺȺʿ໥ɱطһЩʯڵ챦ȡ
ȥǴһʯʢҩйŷͨ񻨺챦תǿ߶дá
䣬һʯ÷һҩ¯һгҵ¯ȼգڵһЩľʢ౦ƿһЩҩ¶⣬ŨһͲǷƷ
Ϸ䣬һʯһ˵׳غʣΧвٱһЩǳƷһЩǲȱƷȴҲɽ֯żΪǿʢܡ
һʯңҲʢиֲ׵ر
ֱһ̱أ
߱͹

ҩ¯׳ضЩҩͱԾ
˶٣ûٳɣֱһ۳һʯǰϮɱתǿߣʮ۷弶ıڣ̤ʯҡ
Ƭռڵʯв٣ÿһʯڶв׵ı

ҽطʿܶ࣬ʱĿļŸʯڵıǰѪˮסƬռڽ
нĲпᣬһбر֣ѪѰ¡
ȫһУڱУ
ɭЦصһڶ֣һڽ𽣣Ȼһ໥һȺʿѣֱӱǻѪɢ
ԶʮתڵʿŽеĽ㤣ɿ롣
Ц̧־һʮʿնȥ
וּһһٶȿ켫תۼ䵽ʮʿǰ
۵ģʮѪը֮£ЩͨתʿԵסһʱ
ܵĿ
ӳ
漴еһλӶǳƬʿըԵֵ
һ;Ÿ̴ӣ͸ʱ֡
ﬣ
̶һɱӿʮʿȫնķ飬ͬҲһʧ
ȫȥ
ƬռڣƬռڵʿž´
УӶâһ⣬ǵȽΪˡ
ʱ䣬Ѫըĸ࣬ʹƬռڵһʿɵöǶĿľ㤣ͬʱҲЩŭĿŽӣԷҪȫȥʵ̫Եˣ
ȻȻˣЩȴǸŭԣΪ֪ӵݣǻڵ֮ӣڵԺܿҪͻƵάˣƿһڷǳȻͳڲҪ£ҲԸڶ֡

е죬Ľƿɽһжѹơ
󣬻ӳĬŸ̴Į
ƬռڣһʿŽӣ̲סҧŭ𣬲ȴվҷһЩ˿ʼˣʵĳȥ
ǶֻǷǳͨʿûǿĺԮ֧ţΪǿҲֻǲת۷壬Ͳǳ񽣵ĽӵĶ֣סܵסڽһʿҲǼΪη壬Ͳҵ
ˣˣʲô
ﬣ
̶Цһʿ̧һն
󼶱Ϣˣһ֮£ʮתǿը
Ŀһ㣬ڵģپһ̡
񽣣ɨһʿ˵޵н
һʿӾŭѾˣȴɱ¾

УһЩ̲סҪ֣ȴסˣԸٶˡ
Ϊǲӡ
Ӻ⣬һ̣򶫱Ǵ
ôһʯУռһЩ
ĶûٵĻ
Ŀ죬̧֣һնȥ
Ľš
ʯȡһװ¶굤ıƿܿһ
һʯһȴǲû٣ݶδ£ٲȻصʥ֧ػ
ʯڣӣԵЩĮԼҲڡ
ӣȻ֪ģ֮ǰΪ࣬ڵ֮ӣܻ簮

طһЩʿѾ˳˺ԶʱһĻ죬ܿϳ죬˲ɵýԶݡ
֮ǰ⣬콫үɱҵ׷ƵӶݣ˶֪
ңά죬ԼһЩϵ£ЩҲ֪
󣬾Ÿ̴֮ǰռϢҲǶ֪죬һ˿죬ǰ˵˼䣬й鱨ٳʵݸ࣬ʶ£ɱҽ׷ƵĶһ¡
ɱ죬㹷ӵǲСܱƵ׷ӶݣʵǲôֻǴάĵͼѣͼͱٽĿ䣬̧־һٴն죺ЩϵΣһ㣿ЩϹŶΪάĵ͵Ҹ׽Ц
וּһâ֯ʥֱĳĲնȥ
ȡĹͷ͸ңұصܸˣһڵĹϵԵ׽٣һڶԣһԵĺ£ױػңЦʱ򣬻Ҹ׵һߣȻϵĪ浽ޣҲ޿κΣΪΪҵĵϵүѩޣвҴ𲻴Ӧ


2363 նɱ
Ե˼άҲɵ֪ҵһЩϵлɱүǰ£ɱ죬ȴǸòŹ˼ңõ֮鷳
Ϊɱ󣬽ͷң֮鷳һ֮Բܡң׵Ҳǰû̫ıҪЩͳͲܶ֡
ܹƵ׷룬սȷʵǿǿܶ࣬ǣȴһ󼶵ıңľŸ̴ӣǸʵǿǲ£ʼոػˣûС
ﬣ
ƥɱ⣬̼ǰ
ܿһ
⣬ɫֻؽٶȿ쵽ޣգ۱նǰ
˽٣ʹ൱ݣֻüе񽣺ᵵǰ

ֻؽ֮ϣһ̶죬񽣵
ֻؽİȴһ͸ϡ
һɣѪˮ
ү
Ÿ̴ӽԶݣæȥ
ͬʱطһʿԱɫ
еĿתڵΪʩչĳ棬ԼͳʥŮҲһս֮񣬾˲ͱˣʹһʿսͷ΢
ͬһʱ䣬Щʿ߬߬˫֣۵ǴһּĹǱԵת۶ѣǱһⴴɣǸоܽ
ԶڱǶѪŸѪˮ˶ʱеĽŶֱָ죬ձޱȵԹң
ô󣬴˱ɱˣǵһα˸ˡ
춼ÿʥԽ֯ռʯеһڿڱƿ
ЩƿڵıԷǷףãЩ켶ʿֱתΣֵνǳˣȻԼûʲôãǶµԼͥķչȴǶдã֮ԽЩһִάȥһֽľȲ£һ˵ΪڶʱڵԴ

ոˣ쾹Ȼȫ
һƿԱߵһ̴ӣ˫ֳĳնһһ⣬ϯ졣
ƫͷһ˦һɫӿ̼н⣬Ʋֱĳնȥת۱Ǳǰ
е񽣺ᵲǰ¶һ˿ңֻ̳ˡ
ͬʱԱߣһ̴ӻ֣һ£һ顣
񽣣˫Щ־ŭޱĶ졣
ɱɱɱŷų̴ֵѾʱȻ֣ҲԸ죺ҪɱѹΪһǰͷ
ųֵͷǰȥ
⣬˿˿ƵʥԽ֯Ϊ¶ɽ緢
ڣ
Ƭռڣһʿݡ
̴ӣȻһ󼶱ǿߣ
ĿһƬĮһȥʥԽԽԽǿᡣ
ʲôǣʲô˲ǣһûУ¡
˿ڣתۼǿ絽ǰ֪һУĮĽѵ죬ּ̧ʥԹצĲ˺ȥ
̧֣֯˲Ϣĥ̴ӼʥԣʹöԷֱΪޣһѿסԷĲӡ
仰ԭⲻĻ㡣
Įһľڱһʱ佫û

ҽд꾪ֵȻôľں޷ıûȻΪߺܶദڲΣȴҲǸѲȥޡ
ʱطһʿɫ䣬̲ס巢
򡭡
άָ֮һڹżȻйأЩʿпʱ˳
񹬵ǸһҲƿ⣬⡭
ʿ
ͬʱɫİ˸̴ҲǶͫһ
죬ǰάضĵ͵飬ȻƿƬָ֮һ
ձøˣάصļѣƿƾʲôĶ˸̴ӣϣһϣƿΣվֻǲתڶѣղŲֻ͵Ϯɹһϣ˵ţһץԱߵࣺҰָ֣ȥսúõǰ棡ѹҺúõ£
Ĭǰûκһ仰վš
Ҳʱ򣬰˸̴ǰⱬΪ˵Ϣ֮ͬǰıĨ̴һΪǴھ硣
˿죬֪ƿΪǺֻܶתڣǿҲûһ˿һимǿɱ֯ǰɱһ㣬Ϣȥ
Ƭصά֮һǲаְĴ⡣
˹󼶵ѹƺƵ˷
ɨࣺ
˵⻰ʯ߳ȥڰ˸̴޶á
ٻҪɱ٣࣬ͬư㵲ǰͬʱ̲סЦɱ˱٣Ϊ͵Ϯɱٵһ̴ӣ޵ˣԱٵİ˸ʹӣܵˣЦĶգطģֻ㣡㣡
طһʿ̲סݺϼţȴҲòϣʱĻĲȻƿǿ򣬷ǳ£վΪֻǲתڶѣһ԰˸󼶵ǿߣʤĺ΢ΪĲʵ̫ˡ
˸̴ӱ죬˹󼶵ѹ֯һ𣬽طȫɱȫˣϢˡ
ıûһ˿һı仯һȥӭİ˸ǿߣ˿Ҳ⣺Ǳ˵ţĿڱŵڼǰϣҲС
⻰һطһʿ΢㶣һʱ䲻ɵöࡣ
⻰ʲô˼Ǹоǣǰ˸Ҫǿ
˸Ҳ΢㶣ɵƫͷ࣬ߡ
װŪ
һ
֪࣬ģʵҪǿ٣Ѿޱƽ󾳲Σսס޽ӽΣᲢۣ


2364 
˸Ȼת󾳵ǿ󣬼ֱĪ
Цץļ򣺡˵ʲô˼Ұ־ȻȱٵʹҪչһжǿһ˵ţƺʲôĵ˶ˣǱٵĵܵܣôܳҰ֣ˣܵһҪԭ¸磬úñ硣
һץļЦᶼҪЦ˰㣬š硱ܵ͡ܡȴһĲΪ⣬ǳ衣
һҲûУֻǿʱ۵һ˿΢ĩĲ
ɨ࣬ɫĮǰȥ
ƿΪ˲޵ˣҪ֪һжΪΪ
˸̴䣬̬Ȳȫǡ
ͬʱٶȱÿת˲ǳǰ
¡һ˹ʥ⣬˿Ҳڵɱ⣬ѹ¡
ӿֻںһ壬ǰʥâɱ⣬һʱ䱻£Ϣȫ
ͬʱо۳һ񽣣һն¡
һֻۣؽٶȿ켫ӿҽ̼֯佫һ˹ᴩֻؽӿڣĴݲѪǣ֮һԭΪģϵС
ֹסֹ
̴ӲҽУȫֵȴãֻؽǿܵסȴǿֲеʥܽڴ˲ͱȫޡ
תۣ߸ȥžֺ;ĲҽУ̴ʧΪޣ
ûκζĻ̧һһɱȥ
ȹƼ⣬ʵȻһʵǰֻؽľԼƿ˵ľ裬һھɱҲ֡
ۣ
ٵһתۼһ̴ţʹ˵һʥתۼǱޱȻңɿɢ漴ھֵĲҽлΪޡ
һʱ䣬طһʿ
ǡ⡭
ɫס
תΪͬʱ԰˸ǿߣֻת۶ѣɱˡ
һɱ
ŵ̴һʱ䲻ɵõŵŵɺˣղɵö԰
ʱ¿죬˶Ĳˣ˻ҡ
ǿǿ߰Ըһתʿת۱ɱˡ
ֲ̫ˣ
ںˣĲû˿仯۶ɵ񽣣һȥ
ˣȲá
ʲôϣǼϲ𣿸ɱɱ
೯
ʱ򣬼ֻɱ̴ӣЩļˣȴǸżˣɱ졣⼸̴ɱ죬ܻ
һҧʥ̼ӿһ˲֮ǰǿһ࣬໥ϣһԪ󣬺˵ȫ֣鹥
¡¡ģһ̣ȫϹƥʥһʱûС
ȹǳˣܹĸоȴ޲
һ˲仯һУΪĳϯطݻһ籩͵ɱâ
ﬣ
̶һλӽ
һΣӽĶȥǳȻƬռȴǲɵ΢
Ľƣɽ
ֻؽ֮ͨһֻؾŽ
һƥԽŵâƬռ䡣
ۣһ˲䣬ѪŽ걻նķ顣

˾ŭδ𣬿ؾ
ȻҲʱֻؾŽеֱɫ̼佫˵йԼһûһɫĴУûС


Ĳҽеһʱصܱǣʥһڡ
Ȼûκãǰһжͽ͡
תۼ䣬ȥ𶯣âԾ˵ȫʧ֮£޹㡣
طһʿɫף˾üסĵ
˸ڵ̴һ֣ɱ񣬾Ȼתۼͱȫɱָоͷ·ڸһ㡣
බŵŵɺˣܣܣ͵ôӵսܣܣ
״͸ǿսŸ̴ӣת۾ͱȫɱˡ
һ˲䣬˱ޱȻ
⵭Įһâ
͵ģƬջޣɫâֱĳնȥ
ྪ㤣һץ࣬Լǰ˫˫ֲɵöڷ
ɫâתۼն䵽ǰ
񽣣Ŀϡ
Ҳʱ̧֣΢н֯â顣
⣿

һ˲䣬طһʿɫ䡣
նâжǿ֮ǰǶۼʶģǿ󼶵Ǽ̴ӣûһܹסתۼ㶼ǱâɱȻྐྵȻּ̧ͽ׻ɱǿߵһˡ
Ҳűɫһ𺳵ĿࣺҰ֣㣬Ȼ
ԭǽƣâȴ룬ྐྵȻ׽նһˣʵԶԶԽǼ̴ӣ
ıûʲô仯ɫ񽣣ٴγȥ
һĻ˿Ҳ⣬ڵһμʱͲ˵Ĳһ㣬ɢϢһ޵Ԩ㣬һǺӡ
Ƭάأн˶Ϊͬڣ񹬵ΪһǱֲܿˣȻȴ֪άڵͬһɣٱǿʮ
Ĭԣ죬ʱˣӭ죬ȥ
ֵ㻤
Ų䣬ƽ
׵
ûʲôǿһ㣬ֻǼ򵥵ĵô֡
̧֣һն
㽫ףδΪӡ
âϯһαʮطƬձ
ڵȴܹоĳԷûĽӣ٣ԼѪҺĺˣԷû˿⣬ôΪȡ֣һһ̷ࣿ
ĸоǸĻֻǽ൱һмѪҺĹ߶ѡ
ûбʲôܳĬ˿˿ʥâԾâ¡
ܣΪʥâһʶĿ־塣
桭
ԶһǿͲ


2365 άԾ
άάǡ⡢Ͳά򣬹żϴ¶мأԣѱϳʱϳȻάά֮һ򣬺ųɽһи١
ȫȫΪ˻ķ
ƿС
һʿһ̶סˣ࣬нһֱĬĬŵˣûʲô൱ֻһСȴȻƿά
񽣣Ŀϣǿʢܴ⣬ȫƿѾԶ
˵⻰̧֣е𶯣ֱնࡣ
Ҫ࣬ôնࡣ
ͬʱҲһԣάܡ
ಽƽƣתۼײһ
ͣ
ͣ
죬Ҳű顣
ͬȼɽޣҲ׻ٵ
ƽ˿˿ƵĹâ֯壬ϣƬΪĳϯ֮һж㡣
ʼԵúܳĬƣ죬ӿ֯ŵ֮ʹؼ޾âӿΪȷ򾪲Ϳ־塣
תۣײһ֯һƬƬռűʧ
ײ˵쫷ƬռвϯԵЩˡ
һʿɵĲֹסķȻ𺳣ͬʱҲΪȻЩֱĿǰս
ϾĶԾȽ棬ҲԿһΡ
񣬶ձЩѿ߬˫֣Ұ֣Ȼ͵͵ѧŸ׺Ҳǣ켤µ࣬вɵ¶֮ɫֻǸͨŮ˵֣ƿصƾʲôģӦƿذ
ֻżȻһκͿһŮӷϵĽĸףֻǷǳͨһŮӣǻײˣǣ࣬ȴʤ٣ԴԶԶ޷ȣڵһЩͨӶȲϣΪȴǳսҲʹһֱǳࡣ
û뵽ǣྐྵȻƿŴ˵еǽԶԶ˦øӵļޣɭԹ
ͬһʱ䣬սһ΢𣬻ƫͷ࣬ʱֹס춯֣һȥֻתۼǰ
дżŭȣҰ֣ʱܻʲôҽǵͼնٻȥͷء
ž
ֱ̧֣һϣĻϣһԷĺʮԶѪˮݻһڿС
һĻʹطһʿɫ΢䡣
Щάˣ֪һЩ£һǻ֮ӣȴޱΣڵ̷࣬öκβͷȴǳһ⣡
Щ΢⽻֯Ŀţʱûмٶ֡
ҲʱɳȥסΣѪˮŭ˼㣬ŤԹ㣺࣡Ұ֣Ҵң
һ˲ǰһץס죬ֱǰңңǣǸ
ĿҪҵǸҰ
Ǹ
ĻޱȺ䣬򷭹һ˵ɱ̼ƵŲ
һʱ䣬طһʿļ£ֹס
ӭɱϡ·󿴵һͷޣ˫۶ʱ־ҡҵǸԲ𣡶Բ𣡡
һ̣˿Ҳɣ˵һ֣Ի˲ɱ
еɱ⽥ɢȥһѽඪ³߹ȥ
쾲վԭأֱߵǰ⡣
ΪƴӵʧȥңʲôҲںʬ档ȥվЩܱĶ

ŵĶʱǰ󷴲Щ⣬ǰһ̱κηӦûκһ˿仯ȻһȴֱӸһĶ⡣ȷͬʱҲ˵ͷ
Ϊĸ׺ûκηӦ֮ͬǰһԣ÷ǳʧԼĸױûκһ˿ķӦȥάԼĸ׵ϣô˾ǳ׵ʬˡ
˭Ҳ
Ļ٣ϣͬ㣬۳һ񽣡
Ϣ֯ԣս⽻֯
Ҫ
У񽣽֯âĿƽƽ͡
׵

ǲ˵ʲôֱдƬâϯࡣ
Žÿһâޱȣ֯һеϢӿȡ
е񽣣ͬгƬʥŽӭâ
תۼ䣬âײһ𣬱֮ǰ𶯳Ĳӿ¡
漴һ̣ͬʱˣɲǳԽǰսһ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĽ棬ϢϢƬռڲ⡣
Ƚ棬һʿɵһˣͷһǳ׵֮ǰΪʲôĿ࡭࣬ԭֲתۼ׻ɱ˾Ÿǿߵ죬ʱ򣬾սƽ֡
ǼͳӺʥŮֱǿ̫̫ˣ
ԶԶվһߣѾ֮ǰǳɱлָļսеԹøŨˡά췴һֱҰ̷ˣҲҷҳһ⡣
ͼҰ֣ǶҪǶµ
࣬ԹĿʱˣһսƬռ֮ȥ
ڽ棬Ƭռڵ춯ȴǶָƣʱȻǿܡ
񽣣һâ࣬Ų΢תǰ
ȥģ
񽣽֯ɫʥԣǰͬʱĲϡ
൱ݲоŲԵ񽣵Ϣһ˲䶯Ҷˡ
㣬㡭ҪҵҵǻڵϾҪ̤άˣ



2366 ʮͻϮ
ǻ˲𣿡
쿴࣬ԵһƬĮ
ӭȺŨŨ̵֪׵δ˿ļɵ´У࣡࣡ңң
Ϊ֮ǰɱʱֱӳҰ֡
ǿĴ񽣣Լٶȿ
ֱ̧֣ӱǳƬ⵴һ籩ࡣ
˵Ǿ˾Ȳ㣬Ҳһ
ĻʹĲӶʱ䱻ѣѪˮ
൱Ǿ౻סʱԽӽоڲԵ񽣱ø£оŲѪһʱ䣬֮ͬǰɱıŰ㣬˫̼䱻־
ҪɱңҪɱңҵǸǸ
ɫò԰һθоԼһɪɪ
ǸҪ

æ㡭Ҫʲô㡭˵ʲôҶ㣡
쿴
Ż䣬е𶯣۵Ľ飬Ҳһ
һʱ䣬طʱ
һʿĿ죬ڵӣôɱˡ
ǿǻĶӣޱƽάΰ
⡭Ǵ鷳ˣ
ʿĲ
ͬһʱ䣬ʿ˷ܺͼΪˣ
ɱ࣬һʿֻԼɱһ㣬ޱȽ
ʵ̫ɺˣ
ʱն籩ҲǼ౻ɱһʱЩ΢ĸҪ̷ˣôǰ
΢վֻһ˲䣬һָ̣ͬĳĬû̫仯񽣣һȥƱøǿ
ҪΪ𣿡
ƽĿ
һøʢϢ磺һ
֪಻ֻ࣬ΪԼȡĸ׶ѡ
࣬뵽˺ܶ࣬Щضһֱõ׵ϿɣȻܺǿǿͳ񹬵ɶԶԶȲϣȴ̫ʵ̫ľګչԼֻĬĬִŸҪһ̷ֱԣƿ֮֮չָԼĸףʹ׶ôһ˿ľϲ̬Ȼһ䣬ȴҲδǰ
ãʵ֪һ㣬ȴûôȥϣԼĸֻǵΪԼƿԼ̬ı䣬ֻϣԼĸܹڸ϶ı䣬ܹ鸸֮Ͽ
ʼղΪνĸףʸˣֻǽ㵱ԼѪҺĹ߶ѡ
ųԼ࣬û˵ĺίڣ˵Щпᡣ
΢ͣ񽣵Բһ£˲ָֻ
ˣҲҸס
˵
𶯣и֯Ϣˡ
쿴ûй˵ʲôе𶯣â財
䣡
ﬣ
תۣ˳Էսһ
ҵײﲻϵظ
쫷磬һɹɵĺƵʹƬռڵһʿļ£ŵŵɺˡ
⣬ˡ
Щʿ㤡
ʱ˵ս̫ˣһʿֻãֻǼ򵥵ನͿˡ
У񽣽֯ɫ˸Ʈݡ
񽣣Ծƿ׽ؼһиݻ١
䣡
ʥܱص
תۣʱȥ˼Ŀռ䲻ס𣬲סưܡ
ʱԶնʮӰͻأ֣Ҳ֪䵽󣬸֯󼶲ʱ༤Ĺؼ϶Իͬʱն죬ɱˡ
ͻȻϮɱֻת۶ѣʮ˱Ƶǰʮ󼶵ɱ֯һ𣬷סϵÿһգʮɱ̵¡
ֵཻͬʱͷ˫ĿԣЩĿʮˡ
ͬһʱ䣬וּһද֣е񽣱Ľƣһٶնʮǿߣʮ˱Ƶȫˡ
һĻʹط˶ǶݣΪͻȻϮɱʮǿ߶ݣҲྐྵȻʱͻȻݡ
СʲôĿһȡΪΰǣ
ʮУ˿ڣٲȻܾãһֱԼֶΣ֪֮ǰ£ʱһսҪɱ죬ֶһֱΣڸղץסĻᶯ֣죬ܵнѹɱƣȴ룬ƻˡ
ҲƫͷʱʮǿߣࣺΪʲô
ʮǿߵͻȻ֣⣬֮ǰȫûиӦǵĴڣǷ𹥻ʱҲȷʵյķǳһ̣ȫ޷ֶͨԷֻۣʩչ۵黯ʹ廯ޣ׹Űʮ˵ϮɱԼĹ
Ȼ뵽ǣ׼ʩչ黯ʱྐྵȻͣ˶Ĺת򹥻ʮǿߡ
Դˣĺܺ档
㲻Ҫɱң㸸׽𣿡
ࡣ
һ˲֮ǰΪĸױŭʱ϶ܴʱ㣬֣ԾɱûУǷһΣڻˡе񽣽֯򣺡һɱ㣬Լɱ㣬һ
΢㶣Ц
֮ǰΪĸױսʱ˱Ǹʱ۶ɵ񽣣Ը⣬ֻҪһͿɽԷɱûôֻǾĿŶԷ
룬ྐྵ֪һ㣬һֱǵһ㣬ʱر
࣡ܺãûпΪˣҺϲࣺҲɱңҲɱ㣬ڲֵͣҪΪҵػս
ĵһƾűܾ˺ܲӿ϶Լжϡ
һˣǱʵǿΪ˹䣬ҪԼĻ飬ΪԼػս
⻰һطһʿһ㶣ػս˵ʲô
УȴͻȻ˵ĻһʿЩ㶡
౾ˣҲǲɵ΢
Ҳʱûһ˵ı飬ƫͷʮǿߡ
ҵˣΪһү䣬ǸоóʮеѪϢǵսȫ
Ż䣬У𶯣Ϣűǣӿȡ
ͬʱ⣬һʥԻ֣΢̼֯ǿʢһ𶯰˻ġ


2367 ߱
ǡǣ
һʿ죬ɫ䡣
һ̣⡭Ȼ֯
࣬Ҳ΢䡣
ƿ򣬶Ѿƿصķǳ죬֮ǰĽУȴǸûиӦϢǱʾ֮ǰάȻڣȴʱԭֻһǾǣƿ΢
ֻΪݵĽ棬ֻǿʩչ򣬾ƿ
죬һʱ䣬Щסˡ
⾿ʲôˣ
£ܹ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮǿһɫ
һ̣쾹ȻͬʱɢϢһά
ǿά򰡣һͬʱƿάάʷϣδδֹˣʷǿĴڶδȻڣǰˣͬʱƿ
ˣ
ʮǿ뾪㤣һ˿ڣʮ˵¶Ƿɿ롣
ɱһʧܣǱͲûϣõ죬Ͼ֮ǰĽ棬Ƕڰпˣ̫ˣڵΪʮˣҲԵס죬;˱ɱһʧܺߣʱڼּ֮ʹЩ˸ӵľ㤣ӲҺ潻棬һ̶Լٺˣת۱Ǿ˳ȥԶ
ӱ䣬һֱӱǳƬӿһ޴Σҵʮǿȫ֮С
ֱ̤УһǿǰһƳ
ּ֯䣬̺֮Ϊϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽǿҽжδһʱ
ڣ֯۳񽣣ֻؽһŵ
ཻʱһֱڽΪƿصԶԶƿصҪ⣬Ҳӵļ򵥣ڶ̶̰ʱ䣬ǽʩչ򣬽ƿصˡ
ﬣ
Х̶ŵâƳգ֯ĴԼֻؽƣתۼǹᴩŸǿؿڣըŵĿѪʹڵһʱ飬屻תۼݻٵһɶ
Уʮǿߣתۼֻʣ¶ʮˣһ̣еľ㤱øӵŨ
һ˲䣬ֻһ˲ѣʮǿߣȻͱնʮˣ
ߣˡȥ
˴У巢
ֻתڵΪѣȴ׵Ļɱǿߣս̫ˣ
ವģʮˣٶ죬ת۱ǳ嵽αԵΡ
͵һϵһʱʧң֮ⷴأ֡

ҽ֣˾ֶͨҪѳ
ȻȴǸãһл޹㣬ûоԵΪ֧ţûͬȼķס֮һжֻͽ͡
תۣ߸ȥ˵Ĳҽʧһȫޡ

һʱ䣬ʮǿ߻ʣʮˣɫһʱ䶼ǱޱȲ԰ס
ǡҵˣ㡭㲻Ҫ̫ˣҲŹģ
˿죬ɫ԰ףв
ӱ䣬̧־һһУ⿪ڵϡ
۵һŻв˵һʱ飬֮£
ƽУеһն
ңͬһʱ䣬𶯣ʼڼ⡣

סס֣ǡ
ʮǿĿ֣ҽϵĴѪϵıŽ
תۣʮȥƬռڵĲҽʧʮǿȫն
Ƭռ䣬Զһʿֹסķһͷϲסð亹
ʮǿ߰Ȼôôݵʱ͸ȫĨɱǿȥȸݻ򵥡
һ̣죬һʿֻ궼ڷһ̾Ҫ⡣
άضˣ
ࣿ
ãǰ컹δչȫչȫ۷Ҳնõ
ǿ࣬Ѿƿصȫһ̣ĿҲǾ˸
⣬䣬Ҳɢȥǰתࡣ
ô࣬ҵػսҵĻ飡
࣬롣
ˣֵ롣
΢ҡͷܡ˶٣ſڣ㵽ʲôˣ
̫ǿˣԶԶ
֪쾿ʲôˡ
ƾıܣԲֻǴάضǰ򵥡
쿴ҵػսΪҵĻ飬ҸһС
ҡͷûǿԡ
죬һۣת뿪
һ㡣
ܸоõڵǿڵǶ֣ȥһսֻͽ͡
쿴ıӰ֪˼ҪǿһЩȥɱ
ȴ˿Ҳ⣬Ǵһ˿Цҵ㡣
Ŀ뿪ֱʧҰС
طһʿĿ𺧣Сۡ
ȻõЩʿõЩ˵ۣȴ˿Ҳ⣬ƬռڵһʯңҰпɼĸ䱦һһ
Ƭռڣһʿδ뿪ʱ򶨶Ŀһ챦ûһ˸ǰȥղŵսĿãʱ˭ȥ
ûЩˣ߹һʯңܿ콫ȫ
Щ䱦һǳ̺ļֵҲǷǳˣ౦ܹ켶ʿڼ̵ʱ뵽תת󼶵һЩǷĵرɶ̻ܵȣÿһڶǷס
Щ䱦Եͷ
ЩڵûκãǶǣͥȴдá
˶٣ûͣ٣ʥɽĴȥʧǰ
⣬ˡ
ֲ̫֡ˣ̫ˣƬάأȻôֲˣ
ǼͳʥŮȣֱǡȸҪ硣
һʿԶȥʧıӰһֹסĵ

뿪֮ǰƬռ䣬һɽƽǰС
;ɽԽԽտټʿ
ܿ죬һʱȥǰһԼĿռ䣬ĴһԲʯ̨ܱ߻кˮûһ˿һĲһߡ
ϵķηǳϣ˫΢ţɫΪ꣬Ȼûа
ٲȻһʬ塣
߱
лһĨ⡣


2368 ûжԱȾû˺
֮ǰδ߱ߵʬʥɽģôһˣԣӱжϣԷӦþ߱
ûκʿӰʱߵطֻһˣ˶٣ǰûñߵʬǰĿŶԷ
氲ꡣ

ܹоĵȥˣһԵϡǣȴδκһ˿ɭУһƽϢ
һ㣬ЩпԷǰľ磬Զһά
ߣɵǰ߽֡
ˣ
ͻȻʬںһȦâķĵӡ
ķĵӡƺһԭͣʹ쵱ݡ
Ǳ䣿
΢
ķӡͬԾһ̣ӿûʶ
ʶһŴһĵӡԾһƱԴ·һڴӺʶб죬һ컭ӿ˳
еķĵӡԼһ컭棬ʶ
ʶ˲Ϣž֮ǰķĵӡһ컭棬ɢ
ͬʱʯ̨ϣߵʬһѺۣ΢תɢȥ
վԭأһ˿˿⻮
߱Ǳ䣬Ƿħ󡣡

ţʬӿ޾ĵӡڣõǱ䣬´άʥߣ߱
ͬʱЩĵӡӿʶʶҲ໭棬ͨЩ棬֪˺ܶ¡ߣ߱ƬһͷֲĴףάǷħ󣬽֮ӡ
֮Ҫ֮ӡΪͷȫؼ޾ۻֻ֮дɱҽѾҪﵽά֮ϵĺ쾳ˣһ뿪Ƭ򣬱ضʹ޾ѺΪ·ֻн֮ӡ
ǵĽ֮ӡҲѾǵ߱ļˣڷӡĹ˼Ĵˣ֮ȻȥѰɲҩ޸壬ȴǶûκãڲϼأڿţֻȻķ
֮󣬵߱ų޵ʱ䣬ʥɽһǿԳ׽ӡĴ׻ɱϧɻ޹ȫƲ
գ޸ıƿɳ׻ɱͷ׵ıʧ֣ܽ߱κ£ĬĬʥɽĴһյ㡣
ǰΪ˲ԼĹžʧ߱һڹںֻҪ뿿Լ壬Ǳ価ഫҲƬѹĴһ£һЩ򵥻Ǳ档
֮ˣΪǸʱѾصһµĵزѾ뿪ƬȥѰʺϴԼ²Ĵˡ
ԭ
֮ǰɻΪʥꪻһطܲˣԭʥꪺά߱ڵֱ߸ͬλϣϳɺƴǷħ󣬷ӡƬڵһͷס
ңΪ˷ֹƻǷħ󣬵߱ÿһڱⶼ˷ǳ˵ػ磬Ψдﵽά۷ε˲ſԽ֮ƿ
ȻڣҲԽ֮ƿȡάΪ߱ĴУǱ֮нǷħԿףֻҪתΪʩչ
ȻƽǷħԿףȡάȴȻôΪһͷ׾ͻػᵼ޾ѡ
𡣡
ʥɽײн֯΢⣬ͷޣͱʥɽ֮¡
վطʥɽײһۣʮȥ
ʮĿƿ֮ǰ߱Ƿʯ̨Ƿ
Ϊ߱ĴУֻΪ߱£ֵ
ἺΪİˣԼֻΪԼƴϧǣȻΪɵİɶܹµˣȴǷĵ壬ǵµˣʥֵͣκء
վطֶ˼תʥɽȥ
ѾûͣıҪˡ
ѭʱ·ߣٶȲ죬Ҳ;Ҳ˲ʿȴû⣬ܿ뿪ʥɽķΧֹó̤Ƭ
ƬԵͷģ˶٣ʥԽִ̧֯һӻǹ߱άӡͷ׵¡
֮ˣΪʥɽڵάƶѾ¶һ˻ȡߣǼͳȴǶάˣֻܶάڲΣƾΪάػ磬ȡڱһǼͳֶΣƷάȫȡأ
ʱ򣬱ʥɽµͷת˲ͻͷ׵ƣƬάأûκ˿Եֵˣʱض޾顣
ȾӻµϾԴƬصʿΪľƬصʿά
ȾӻгźĶȥҲгƬصλöȥţҪ˶þͻᱻʿ֪һڵʿǣڱʥɽڵҪԣȥ
£뿪Ƭλã뿪Ƭ
ṳ́һɽУӿڣΪ
֮ʱһΣ¹ȥ
֮ǰʿѾȫ뿪ľӻҲƬصĸ䣬Ƭصһʿľ
Ƭ֮£Ȼӡôֲһͷޣޱƽ쾳Σ쾳ǿά֮ĲΰòֻиάڲСޱƽ쾳ͷޣһƷǣǵ磬ǻͷ
⡭ļٵģ˭ģΣɣ
оôڴǾӻˣôҲûκκô
ȷʵ
ޱƽ쾳ֻɱ⡭
ά죬нڣһʿľΪȻҲû뵽ƬڣȻӡһͷǰֲĴףֱֻ֮Դ
ȻƬصļͳºҲǶɵΪ֮ݡ
ͬʱºһЩصʿһЩ¡
˵Ƭһ¸£һάʿһˣȻͬʱƿά򣡡
ȥʥɽֵ˴
һάнʱ𣬱·ӡһͷֲ׻Ҫн𺳣ʿ󺧡
һͬʱƿά򣿣ܰɣԹҲûгֹˣңһάضµ飿
ɣʵ̫˼ˡ
Ǽٵģģۼ
˺ܿӦҴһӻȻɱʮǿߵĻ档
ȾӻִܿԶάнڣʿ𺧡
֮󣬸Ŵ˳
ۼʩչֻǸɽ֣ɵȻƿص
Ҽͻڵսǡ򣬺ҲںһսĹУʩչ򣬹ȥʱƿص
һάʱøӷڣ޾ʿɵýһ¡
һάʿһͬʱάҶڿűʩչ֮Ķʱڱͽ֮ƿأǺεȿ£
ҡҵ졭
ʿˡ
һʱ䣬άн磬ʿ𺧣̾㤣Ա쾪סˡ
УҲһ𴫱άн磬ʹƬصһʿΪ֮ļ£˭Ҳû뵽ڵһĬĬŵ꣬Ȼƿд˵еѾƿصޱȴ죬ƿɶԶԶ޷֮ȡ

һɽڣе߰㣬³š
УԹ̣ڼ̵ʱڱƿأԸʱȥֻһ
ȻԸʱȥֻأȥºֻϵЧȴ΢΢
Ӧ֤Ǿ仰ûжԱȾû˺

ĽطӡĻתۼǾƿأֻһ״̬ʱ䣬ȴֻ΢ĩջ


2369 ŭ
ֻأԼһԱȣûκεƣȴʵ̫ˣͬͨȥپ㡣
˵ǰʱչأֻصջǲ׵ģȴջ΢ɻ󣺡Ϊ磬ﵽһɼֻصƿ
ôţپЩ
֮ǰĲڻصĻϣתΪϣѾﵽ˿Լ򵥲ļޣΪȥ򣬽֮ǰǰס
˶٣ԹҡҡͷڵɽС·ɽм
ɽڣʥŨгӿȥֻľԶתɿ뵽Ѫ֮УʹľǿΪҲǸһ
Դˣû⣬ǽȫ˼Ͷֻһϣֻء
Ϊ磬ֻû֮ǰǰ򵥣ҲܹãֻҪķѵʱϵطӡʱһ㣬άػʱ״̬Ҫǿ̫࣬һʵĲ֮࣬
ʱָͬɳţһȥƽйһһɽ
תۣǰ¹ȥ
ְ¹ȥһ죬ںа֯ڲֻصͬʱΪﵽת۷Σȸ涼һܾ˵
һС̨״ﵽ󾳣ֻ֮Ӧû°빦ͻƣ

ľ磬ֻأȻãʱȴỨࡣʱΪѾǴﵽת۷壬ţнΪȥ֮ټֻأӦûñ׶׺ܶ౶
ôһ˲±;úѰһʥȽŨɽڳһɽΧ²ػ󣬶пʼ
ֻľת£ؼ䣬޾ʥ޾ĵƬʶĳϯϻһʥУ澪ˡ
ʱľһǳٶȱǿΪҲԺܿٶ
ˣȫĵͶ뵽֮ϣһۣһʱȥ
䣡
һºһ죬ΰɽϿգͻأһƬ谵һ޴н֯ɫ⣬ÿһ·ɽһ顣
Ϣǵض£ɽֹסĲƺһ̾Ҫ١
Ҳʱ˫ۣоâһû
صĻȫͶ뵽֮ϣһµʱ䣬ת۷ﵽڣһ٣ڰ̼佫ɽ֡

Ų񷣬ƽ
ɽڣΪģоԲûκ飬ԣʱ뿪ȥѰҺʵĶɽ֮أֱӾѡطɽ١
֮Уڤڤƺϵףƾƣһ׷ѹ֮٣زסıѡ
쾲վԭأһ׷ϣǿǸ飬ǰҲ½Ƕûһһ
ȴ΢⻮Ϊ׷ܱԤҪǿ١
ƿйأÿƿһάȷٻøǿ

ˣ
񷱬ڶ׷ΪһƬɫͥǿգƺƵѹ¡
Դˣûʲô仯⣬κεֵͬʱֻؽڻһɽ٣׷ϴӣʹ񽣲ɱ䡣
ˣһ죬ɽڣ׷һ䣬Ϣӿ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ٶ׷һһֱʮ׷ȥϵвǻɢջָԵϢҲתۼʧ
ת٣һٰʮ׷ڣʮ׷ȥȷʵƿԼйء

ˣ
ϣɢȥ֮һ߲۶߲ϼ⵱ֶ£ơ
ٺ߲ϼ̺֮Ȼ֪תֻľ߲ϼ⣬ȹ̼ǰΪ硣
ͬʱֻ֣ؽ飬ϵӡ࣬ϵƱøɢĽǿ˺ܶ౶Ϊ󼶲Σһ̻󼶱Ľƿ׼նһС
Ƿǳ⣬ǶʦΪ񽣣˻쾧ʥ֮ӿ֮ڣϴ񽣣Ȼֻ󼶵ıƣԱͨĴҪǿϺܶ౶
ˣ
߲ϼⲻӿڣΪܿ쳹ȹ̣ȡ
תۣһӹȥϵ߲ɢȥ߲ϼ¡
ɫƽֻؽڣ뿪ƬѾޱȽڵء
֮һɽ䣬Ϊﵽ󾳺󣬿ʼȫͶ뵽ֻһϣȥֻء
Ԥϵǰ㣬ΪﵽκϽصĻֻʱתۼмջ񣬱֮ǰҪ˺ܶࡣ
ʹԵͷȥݣֻϵջԽԽ
תۣһ¹ȥ
һʱȥڵΪֻһƿصֻһ޴ʱ䡣
ã
н֯һƾâϲɵ¶һĨЦ
ֻȻɻޱңԶȴվǸһ
ֻҪڽǺ¡
ҲʱԼ֪ѾߵһǳĴŲʿڴ
˶٣Դ뿪Զһɽȥ׼ֻһ
Ȼһ̣һͣԶɽȥĽŲͣһԴϴʿŸпڣУǸ࣬ЩҰ
ʿһٲȻǻ飬һ߳Զߣһ߲סҡͷ
ǰͽƿصɣǸά޽̬⣬ݹ۹Žʷû˭֮ȣȴ롭Ϊͽˡ
ǻǹȻֻӣҲվѪȻǰпط򡣡һ˵ǿж򣬾ݻһЩĵӳƣǸǰˣʱ
ȡ󣬻֮ﵽάΣѾǰѸ£Ϊͳĵάƿά֮ƺǰףء
ǵȺʽȡѪɾάҲѸ£ǰףأ
н磬ǿʱһƿάٲȻһͷˣӵܸıнֵ۳ɾάķʽôҲɻᱻӣֻҪǻ飬˭̫ȥǵ£
ʿ߱ۡ
뼸ʿԶʿҲѹĺܵͣȴˡ
תжʱӿŭͺûһڼʿǰһѽһץǰղŵ£ٸҽһ飡ϸĽһ飡


2370 նɱ
ʲͬͻȻץȥʿһŭһ̣òʿʱɫ䣬ĻֹסץǰʿӭźĿ⣬ǲɵö£㣬㡭
ǰʱ䣬Ѿάн磬һάתΪնɱǿв˸һ㣬ѾʹάнѾûм˲֪ʱ죬Щʿʱ䶼һɾ塣
ͬһʱ䣬ϻһʿʱȻҲϳ죬һǲɵֹסŲһнԲɵ¶
˵
쿴ץǰʿеĺŨ
ʿһӭһʱĲ㤣˿ԥҡҲǴӻһЩĵģƿн紫صںûþͱڵһһµʱ䣬ԼڣǷﵽάɹά٣֮౻
ʱٺܿ죬ֻת۾ͽ򱻶ߵϸ
еĺʱøŨʵ֮ǰڴ֮ʱѾ⼸ʿ۵£֮ѯʣԸţԹȷһ¡
ȷ£ȷŶɵþ
֮ǰȻûмڵȴԼµõԷȫͲ⣬û൱ԼĹ⿴ǣû뵽Է£ֶԼ֮ȫԼ
ȡ࣬Ҫ̷࣬ЩһֱȻ˲ǰĸױʱײ࣬ʱ裬඼ûκηӦֻΪػ׵ֻϣгһøϿԼȻȴȻԴ
ɿץǰʿĿ⣬նϣȥ
תۼѣ뿪طԶʧһʿҰС
ֱʱһʿǸоһЩ
֮ǰץȥʿ亹մʪˣʱסĴڴϢʵ췽ŵ̫ˣ̫Ũˡ
Ҳʱһʿ뿪ķǲɵ붯ݡ
ǣǺǡڵķ򣡡
˶¡
˵֮ǰƺʲôػս⣬ڣѵǡ
Ҫȥڴ֣
ɣôô̬ҲܵеùڰϾΪ̫ˣڵѾ̤뵽ά߶ˣ
һʿɵöľ

뿪֮ǰĴٶȺܿ죬תۼǿʮɽ
֮ΪٶȶУһۣյʱȥ
պһ죬һɽ⡣
ȥɽУÿһɽޱΡ룬ʥˣгƬĵ¥ɽĴԶԶȥ޾ʥԽ֯һ㡣
ѯʹάصĽɻ֣֪˺ܶ࣬блڣڻڵλȻҲ֪ǻ֮
࣬Ǳܡʵ޿ޣҪǣԷΪǳϲĵϿɶԷϣԷΪػսΪĻ飬౻򣬽ϣʱȥԼϿɵȻճӲܡҪ뿪
ڴоԶ⣬ʱӰһļ̫ϳϡһЩͨԼŵһںĵӾ֮⣬Ц⣬һػ̤άĴӭڡ
췽أ
أ
ԪŽأ
ߺڻⲻʱˣһԶء
ڵļ̫ϳϺһڳϵЦⶼǺŨǻڵﵽά磬Խ˻ʼ棬Ϊά𳬼ͷһһĴأΪ֮ˣܹˣ
ڣǵﵽάάĵλ֮ǰȻһʵı仯Щ˵ݺ͵λȻǸˮǴߡ
ǧǱأ
Ժأ
㡭
ͻȻǰɽ֮⣬صŵĻڵӲɵñɫŵŵɺˣһصˣҲŶݡ
ϾʱͷһʱѾά졣
ڼ̫ϳϺһͨϵ¿һ죬һ¶⡣
ɱ࣬һڻδȥ׷ɱ㣬ȴ£
һĵ̫ϳϺȵ
£һӭ˵ʮͬʱ֣żǿʥԶӿɭϢƵɱˡ
Ҫɱѹ֮󽻸Է䣡
̫ϳٴοڡ
ǣ
ʮֵͨУӦ
ʮ˶֪첻򵥣ͬʱƿɻɱڵǿߣǣʱȴûмɵ֮ɫΪÿ˶Ǵ۷Ρ
߶ȣɲڵ˿ȣȫصĲ𣬺οʱʮһ֣Ǻ⡣
һʱ䣬ʥִܸܽһһѹȥ
ӱ䣬Զ񽣣һ
וּһʮŽŵı̼֮ʮ˼ʥԣƲļѹ䣬תۼ䵽ʮ˽ǰ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮĽգ۶ѣʮɣԶըͬʱ
ѪˮȾһƬա
һĻʱ侪סˡ
ǿʮ۷ǿߣȻֻһͱȫĨɱ
ֻһ
󾳣
ǰףصԪŽ̵Ľ죬ʱĿ΢ľ硣
ͬʱھĵ̫ϳϡ̫ϳϺ͵̫ϳҲݣʱ򿴳ľ磬Ѿǰʱ䴫еתˡ

̫ϳ־ŭǻڵ̤άһףأȴһ˲նɱǻʮ۷ĳϣⲻǻڶ棬Ҳһ˼ʧ
ʮ۷弶սǻڶԣɲС
£һڵ̫϶ˣԶֳץȥ
ڼѹһʱƵ˶֣ʮնʱ̡
תۼѣѹǰʩצץͷ­
ûκα仯ɱ䣬񽣱ķֻ֮ؽһ
ۣ
ı֮ţֻţƻ̫ϳϼʥצԷŹᴩ
ѪˮŽ̫ϳؿڲɵúˣ𾪣㡭
ﬣ
̶֣նĽ⼤ն۵һᴩ̫ϳϵüġ
ԽѪˮ̫ϳһأеɿɢȥת۱ȫƻ


2371 ǿ
ʺѪˮУڵϣ֮⣬ȫɫ
ڵ̫ϳϣһڼǿߣȻһĨɱˣ
ֻһ
һʱ䣬ط˶ǲɵõڵΪһɱһǿߣǺεսǺεѾͨˣ
Ҫ֪·Խǵ˺棬󾳽սǾԽΣһ󾳽ɱڵǿߣǿƥҲǲ²ŶԡˣڵΪһɱǿߣطһʿ궼
ףػڵһЩ̽ͫ׽һ˲˲Ķ졣
𣿣
ӱ䣬񽣣ĿһУһŻȥ
ڵ̫ϳϺ͵̫ϳľսʱȴҲȻܿطǶ֣ƥɱһ¡
䣡
ˣǴڴڣȵ̫ϳһЩʱһ֣һ־ޱߵޱޱͨƺƵѹ졣
ת۶ѣ޾ɱâ䵽ǰܵĿռȫס
˵ɱѹ¡
ﬣ
Х̶ӽɵֻ˲Ϣͽ̫ϳϼһеͨȫˮư㵴
һ̣һĵ̫ϳϺ͵̫ϳϵѪɡ
ֱ̧֣ӽеĵ̫ϳץǰԴǿûԷʶתѰڵλڣһѽԷ˦Զ
񽣣ȥ
ǰгȺĻںĵӣǵŵŵɵĺˣȫˣûһ˸Ҷȥ졣
ļ̫ϳ϶һ֮ЩˣθҶ֣
һʱ䣬ûκ˸񽣣һ̤ڡ
ֱ̤ʧһ˵ҰУһ˲ǻعһˣĿ𺳡
ȥ֪ͨ죡
̫ϳԶվϢڱǶѪһںĵӺȵ
һںĵӵӦֱڡ

ʣգ֯ŨϢڣӵʥ嫵㣬Ҳ̵֪ص֮½֯Ŷٵľ˴
̤֮ǰһ̫ϳʶѰõλãֱŻȥ
ڣкܾãڶ࣬սһĴǿߣܻɱˣڵǿߣܹսƽ۷ǿߣвǵȼǿҲɱߣά֮£ûס
άǿߣȴǼȵסҲӲˣϾΪĲ̫ˣ󾳽磬ѾصĲˡ
Ļڣﵽάʵ̤֮ûʲô𣬲Ƕһˡ࣬Ҫȡ
֮ǰʵȥѰ룬ûȥһǣΪ£ȷǷ֮УǴУȥҲǰȥҲҪһ㣬ֻǴάڣûдУǰǣȴҲܵסΪҲﵽάΣңƿά֮һ
˵ͨάԶԷת۾ͻᱻɱ
ԣҲûκãηѡ
գһˡ
ʵάĻǣҲɵɵ
Լİ취
ֻǣһĲ
Żȥܿ죬ڵһЩӶǿ
㣡
㡭
ɱҴһڣ
ʲô
̫ϳǲ𣿣ô
Щӻ֪֮£ʱ죬ļ£һ˶ǰγһӽŵĸΧ
ЩֻǽΧסҶ֣ΪĴţ֪ĿֲҪҶ֣ת֮ͻᱻĨɱǴ˿ֻ򵥵Χ죬ЩڵҲǴž⣬Ƕ֡
ǣȻǳ£վǻڵӣܾ촳ŶʲôҲ
һڻڵӰΧĽŲûκα仯ɳȥ
һڻڵӣеǷɭɭʥâΧ죬ȴĽŲƶƶ϶Ǵž㤺ͼɵ
תۣʮȥڵһƬֲڵĸ¥
࣬ʲôо۸缸
ԶԶԶһͲ¥һҸŴţſڰ꣬һһ˫һӸɏC
ĽŲһЩֱŸȥ
㻰أڣưˣ
ȥ㻹ǲΪȥˣΪΨһʣµѪȡλãϧû뵽ɣ˵һ֪֮ҲûУǸҰֶѣʲô
Ͻģī缸ʲôоٲڣɱָ缸ģ缸ͽֶ㣬һֻһ
ɱָ˻Ϊ㱨Ǿɱ㣬Ҳ԰ֶᣬʲô㲻ϣǷ㰭ۡ
˵
ЦϴŨŨϷŰ
ԶԶļһĻ񵱼һ쫷ᵴΧһڻڵȫѪɣһת۱ҽǰһ۾Ϳ˸ڵࡣ
ʱ࣬ɫ԰׵Ĩ˰㣬֮ʱϨһڵˮŲ֣ڲķϢޱ˥
֣Ȼʱ΢
ͬһʱ䣬ڸſڵڵǶ󾪣ϳ졣
㣬㣡㡭
˵ŵŵɺˡ
쿴̧࣬һâϯں˵ϡ
۵ģѪըҽδֱ
ô
еĲ£վ˫ѹϣ֧Լ塣
Ȼˣ壬ڷΪ̫˥ˡ
Ŀ죬طǻڣΪʲôڻ֮ڣ
ڵģվվȣɻ˵ﲻֵͣ
쿪ڡ
ңɫʥӿһʱڣ塣
ͬʱԾɫʥԽ֣ǿ֮࣬ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬߳ɶԶһɺƥѹһʱطһ֣ն
һǿߣлڵĵһ̫ϳϺ͵ڶ̫ϳϣҲǰڵػάε̽


2372 أƷ⣡
ڻնɱһڳϺһ̫ϳϣǿ̤ڣ֮лڵĺĵǰ´Լһĵһ̫ϳϺ͵ڶ̫ϳϣ£ƵάһʱѰ
ͬʱǰףصһڴ̵ĽҲ
ĶôĹɱ࣬һ
һ̫ϳϿ죬ɭȵеɱ˿ҲΣǳŨҡ
ڶ̫ϳûпڣĿҲһޱȺ䡣
ǶѾ֪ԼһһڳϺ͵̫ϳϣС
ǻڶԣʧ̫ˡ
ңգ̵ǻ̤άȴŴֱ֣ڴǻڵ
ɨһĵһ̫ϳϣû⣬Ŀڻϡ
ŶԷоԷϵϢԶԶûʱǰŨȻԷȻȡ򣬵ȴ޷ǰƿصɣƿصĳ̶Ȳһ
һʱ䣬Щ䣬Ǳȴޱνĸ׶ߣ֮ΪˣڵļͨҲǰȥ࣬ʲôף磡
ס
ɫ԰ףʱĿȻҲڻϣĿڡ
죬ûʸ֣ӱ䣺ȴŻˣûУڣصΪȻԵǰ㣬ҰͺͨˣһϷ࣬Իţȡ֮Ϊպƿڣ
԰׵ɫһ䣬æͣûУףûУûУ
ұ⣿͸ĸһնù⣡

⻰һ쵱һĸһն⻰ʲô˼
ͬʱҲ˳΢ף˵ʲô
ΪңĪ󸣷֣ǰ⣬Ķ
ʱĸͫ׶ˣɱģ
ΣͨһŭΪһ֮һŵײŮӣڱǰ⣬֮ɱ
ĵ
岻סĲŻ֮ɫһӿ
ڻڳһֱֻĸһ꣬ĸͻȻʧ֪ԭ򣬻δֻ֪ú̷ࡣָĬĬĴС̷࣬δڣֻźúӸ׵ֻžԲΥ׵־
Ȼ׶ûκεĺɫҲվףĸײ˺󣬾ΨһˣŬظ׵ϣһ죬ܶһЩɫϣһ죬ϿڸϿ
ȻҲû뵽ǣΨһĸף꾹ǱɱһֱϣϿԼˣΨһ۰ˡ
һ˲䣬ͬһͷҰޣ˻۵ĳޣƿ쳯ŻȥһһģܳȥһͷԵڵء

ʹ˻ص̫ʱӵվûУֻͷĶŻһƵѪ˿ˮ䣬մʪ߬ŵ˫ָ֣ѪС
ܣһʿ΢Ȼһĵһ̫ϳϺ͵ڶ̫ϳҲˣ뵽ĸǸŮӣǱɱ
ӱ֣ԼҲ¶޵⣿Ȼ͸ֺĸһնȥǵͼĸף
Ż䣬鶯ֱ֣һɱâֱĳնȥ
ת۶ѣɱâǰ
Ҳʱ৵һƿ˲ϢᵲǰɵͬʱڣֻҲһӭϻɱâ
һתۼ䣬ȫ飬ֻҲһ飬˺һѪҵķɫ̼һƬ԰ס
ط˶ͫ΢
ղǡ򣡹Ȼ紫еǰ㣬ƿˣ
̽ноâ
ͬʱЩҲΪһţ˦ɱֻһҲվά죬ȴȻڵΪסˣ
̫ˣ
ȻǻҲ΢һ̣ĿǱøӱɭɭȻĶ죺ɱ࣬δȥѰ㣬㵹ţܺãǳã죬йʥƽ֯ȡ󣬱µΪҶᣡ
죬ɭԶһάѹƺƵ
άѹһطһʿɵýļ£ɵýԺˡ
վ̧ץǰСȣߡߣ
ͷ࣬˫н֯Ѫ˿֯ųޣ֯ˮ
жˮմʪ
ǾͺԼ
һ죬ΪҵػսΪҵĻ飬Ļ飬κ裡˭ҲУ
࣬һһĵ
䣬ƫͷ¿еøŨɱ֯
Ļ飬˭Ҳ裿ʲôһϣʴʣ
άѹøǿһʱ佫ʮȫ̡
Ŀάѹһѹ䣬궼ʹ
Ȼıû˿仯еֻ޾⡣
֮ϣµķӡʥƿʼһ̣͵һ鿪
µĵطӡƷ⣡
̼䣬һ˵Ļɽһ̱һʱʥ⣬̵۾Щ޾һʱ价ƶ
䣡
Բʮڣ޾ܵͬʱڴ𣬵ص׵޾ʼ⻯ػѹҲȫãŲرһĵرҲŹ⻪ǻ޾ܵٳڡ
תۼѣ侫ʼһٶΪҲǷɿ챩ǣɲǼǴڴﵽڣδͣͣٳ۷ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ӿѪϳһһѺۣλѪ͹ըѣʺѪˮÿһƤգۼǽȾһƬ
֮ǣڳʥøŨңʮΪ֮𶯺
һֹסĲ޾âӿʶһ־壬Ʊ΢ūһ㣬ΪģĤݡ
֮ϣø࣬ռ˰졣
⡭ǣ
طһʿɫ


2373 ֻؾ
޾Ʋ񷣬ʥɽƬɵŸ󣬱ڵǧޣ޾ħɣвƵأʵΪ֮̿֡
¡
ڴܹʮռȫûˡ
ڣȫɫ䡣
ô£ʲôôͻȻ䡭
޾̫£ǻֵ̫̿ˣеĿȫϡ
⣬ʥң޾ܵӿڣΪǷɿûñһڴﵽ۷Ρ
ͬʱӿѪˮ࣬ϳָѺۣѪܸըѡ
ڵΪסάĻҲãǣһҪ뿪ԣ뵽İ취ֻһڻ֮ڣǺųƺ۵ĸϵĵطӡ
ϵĵطӡڶݵʱڣԲʮڵ޾ܵԴԴϵĳӿڣص׵ĸȻڵĲرضвٷǷĵر˻ϵĵطӡǶŹ⻪ܵӿڣΪ
ҲţڻڽϵĵطӡһĸԼرڵ޾ĵرܵӿڣܹڼ̵ʱ̤뵽磬ΪٶȣԶԶ֮ǰǰػʱܶ౶ΪԽǵĻӡӡŵǱܣԽһʵĲࡣ
ͬʱΪƽȵĽϵĵطӡҲõȴﵽά߶ȲУǿнϵĵطӡǱţȻʹڲϵɱ䣬ǣȴҲʹڲϵıʴ
ԳܽطӡĻ
ҲȻΪԳܽ״̬ĻǣȴҲҪֻǻ᲻ϵʴⴴѣڴ˴ﵽһ޳̶Ⱥվͣ
ֻǣȴȻҪǵʹ࣬ȴǷ˼ģʱпȷ˵ʹлʹȥ
ڶģԼܹȷ˵ʹʴʼձѣάĻڰȻߡ
¡
ҵʥ⻷ڣ޾ܵʮڣӿ
һɹ쫷ƵΪģ𶯰˻ġ
ڵĸɢѾɢˣ
ڡ⣬
ڵһ̫ϳϺ͵ڶ̫ϳϸɫ䣬н˽
һд̶ԣйž̸ޱҪĶǻڴˣͷǷ󾭹һһļӳ֣ͳ֮£ûܹȵϣȴתۼ⻪˴룬ܵӿڣȻػѹ⣬Ҳδ˿á
ڣǷ֣ڲرеĵرҲŹ⻪ʧ
Ϊͻأı仯ݵͬʱȻҲ£ĿøɭԼٳȥһѹ£ϣʲô
άʥѹ䣬ɲȫڶ֣ȴ˶Ϊ֮Ĳ
طһʿֹסˣ±Ϣ
ȾѪӱ˫΢գһоֺ½֯޾ƻƣֻصϢһʱӿϡ
䣡
Ϣ䣬һֻԻͷ֣һһ֯ƺƵѹ£ʹûãŲһ٣ٺˡ
ǣ
ʮɣ¿죬άĻǿĵʱͲ
ͬʱط̵˺һ̫ϳϽԾʧɫ
ǣ
ֻ֡أ
ػˣǴΪһ̫ϳϣҲǴΪǶάز׵ǿߣټϣάĹż¼̫̫ĶֻأЩȻ֪ʱ򣬿죬һǴ󺧡
һ죬ǾȻ˴˵еֻأƿֻأ
ֻأԹľǿҪȥƿأɾ֪ģԹЩͼȥƿֻصˣһҵĽճûκ˳ɹ˵ϵû˿ƿصȥ㣬ǰһʱʿȻƿصֻأ
ۣǾǣ˵ԿﱾʱԴġֻۣ
д˾
һ̣ǺۣĿֻϣУ޾ֻصƽ֯궼ɵ÷ֻԶԶĿֻۣͺԼҪ˰㡣
ʲôˣôܡ
һ̶Ϊ֮ļ£ʱ죬ûɵýһɾ㤡
ǰһʱ䣬ͬʱƿ´ѾάΪ֮ڣ˶Ϊ֮ľǸû뵽ǣ죬ƿֻأ
ƿֻذһ㣬ʲô
ֻأǴ˵еΪ֮ɵ
˥ͷ죬ҲϳϵֻϢ֯Ѫ˿޺˫ۣɵЩסˡͬһʱ䣬ҲѪˮǲǱˣǱԼˡ
ɵһ˲֪ضʹĳֲΪ֪ⷽǿһΪҲⷽⴴң˵Ĳᡣ
ΪʲôûʲôͨѶǣǵˡΪʲôҪΪҴΪʲôҪôң
ԳֻĸܵģĸȥٺЩҲûκֻܵǳ͸裬һǵ˵ˣ֮ǰҪɱˣȴΪһ˴ڣΪΪУΪϧԴļķʽʵ
벻ףԼޱףɱΨһĸףΪߣȡҪɱҪɱˣȴΪĸ
ʲô
Ҳ˵𡣡ͷѪѪըѵĸࣺһ죬ҵػսҵĻ顣죬κҵĻ飡
¡
ڴ𶯣ţص֮£޾Ĵڼ̵ʱڳ׵Ĺ⻪Ÿɿڣرڵ޾ĵرҲһ⻪ǻ޾ܣŸܣĳڡ
һʱ䣬Ϊһͻƣٶȳļޣ̤봿ڡ
ˣ
𣬾޴еһʱ۶ڣɫⷭ
ڣһʱ䱻޾ĺڰ֣صϢǵض¡

龪֣
٣̤봿ˣ
һ𺧡
һ֮ڣһʱ죬ڴﵽ˴ڣ
ʲôٶȣ
ƿֻصˣʲôˣֻάص飿
һڴ˺Ȼ


2374 ط
ˣ
񷱬ٴУɫһһϢŨ
ڣӭ׷˽ľ
ˣ
˿ڣ˽Ƿɿĺˡ
ʵʱĴ췣̫ˣһڵĴ˶ֻǴڴڣֻãеһ磬Ҫǵ
ˣ
һ̶ը죬ɫкʣʮڱøӵĻ谵
н֣һ췣֣ΪһƬɽ
̧ͷӱ䣬ֻؽڻһᴩĻ
һֻءˡ
һ˲䣬ƺᴩˣڵеɢ
һĻʹһʿٴղŵĴ׷˶ܲõжֲԵģ񣬾Ȼһ͸ٵˡ
Ҳʱ򣬲֮ϣɢȥһ߲ɫƣ˳
ٺ̺ΰ߲ԴӲ£ֱ֡
Ϊ߲⣬ϵѪˮһЩڲϵ
ڣ꣬һѺ۳֡
ҵʹһ̽֯ϵÿһ䣬ԳܵʹѺȻΪ߲Ĺϵ˺ܶ࣬ȴڻӡ
úúã԰ɣǴ˱ϵľϲڶݵ֮󣬲ɵ¶ϲı飬⣬ܼʥƻƶſɿڵ㣬һ˲˲Ķ죺ֻأˣˣ
ವһƿάǿһγ죬һ̶ƻĸȫˣа⣬ȫ˼ϡ
ƿһǿһʱżȻãɶȡ˵ķΪãΪԼΪֻƿڶȡ֮֮ǰֻŶȡѾǷǳˣȴ뵽ȻƿˣȻƿд˵еֻط
Զȡֻأʱӵֻ֮δŬ֮ɣƿصȫʱ޵йŽδȻЩϵǰҲҲʲô㲻ϣֻǳ
һֻת۶ѣ嵽ǰ޾ʥƵĴֱֱѹ¡
ȾѪÿһ漡ⶼھʹͬ˫۶⣬ȴʼձ䣬ֻεֻһˣ˲Ϣᵴȥ
飡
һ죬ʥʥƵһʱ䱻絾˰ɶ

һĻϳԼһͨɫǵάǿڣ񣬾Ȼ˳ȥһĻʵ̫ںˡ
¡һԶֹסΣδʲôˣ죬Խϲ
ֻ֮ãȻܺã
Ц⣬֮ǰʥһλƶͬʱҲһ֡
ĿĿʥ֮ϣ˫˿˿â֯
һ̣ˣŽػӡķʹһ˲Ϣʧһ̳ڶԷǰ
ûκζĶֻǼ򵥻ȭֻ֮ȭһ
н̰֯㶢죬죬ʥǻ޾ԣ֮Ҳѹ¡ȥ
ֻأ
ɭ
ʥƣʱżȻѰط
ɶȡ˵ĵΪãδ̤άǰҪѹ±ʹʧȥֵ֮ʱһ²ܶȡ˵ķ̤άʵȵȴǲҪˡ
ǿάʿ֧ţ񣬶ڵطͬǰ㣬ҪѹҺʱһϲܶȡ˵ĵǿάΪ֧ţսֱʩչڱȡ˵ĵˡ
תѹǰʥҲ䵽ǰ볯ѹȥ
Ŀ䣬廯飬Լʥƣ޵ڴ
ݣ㡭
ҲʱȭͷϣĻϡ
飡
һ죬ȭͷȾԼѪڻϣöԷ֮һθĺɶ
ɣסΣ޸壬ŭŵĿ졣
ϣֻǴѣ
ɭеĿɢ˼֣¡һάѹǣһμطһӿ֡
ƽͬؽڵƶתۼڶԷǰ
飡
򵥵һȭУڻؿڣһν֮ĺǧɡ
ʺѪˮ㽦ڿС
лѪҲԼѪ
ѪǱ˽ԼѪǽԼԼ˵ز
һ̣ϵѪˮסһȭɻֱ΢¡
ϵĵطӡڵ֮ͻڲرĵر֮תۼ̤봿磬սǣǰǿнϵĵطӡĴҲǷǳأھҵʹ
ʹȻٶ嶼޷ȣ̤·һγ˼ʹ
ֻǣıûûκһ˿仯ϵѪˮȥһһӰ
˲ϢѣסεĻǰڶԷ͵һ˲䣬ֱһѹ£Я֮һж
ž
һȵڻϣʹûһκɣǱǳ
ģ
һδαɣһ쵱һ˳һ⣬ʱŨŨľŭ֮ɫͨչֶ
άѹƺƵϰ˻ģʹ˺һڻڵʿɵһεˣʵԳȿµϢ
ıû˿仯ŶԷȥÿһѪˮ¡
ҷ
ȣִһѹ졣
廯飬˹йƽصĻֻУֻصԣ̼޾ֻعѹ䡣
ңͬһʱ䣬̤ǰһʩչ
⣬䣬ڻĵʥϣ˿˿΢⽻֯С
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĽ棬ڣס𶯡
һۣʱȥһһαɣѪˮȾƬա
ѹˣ
ԴڵΪѹά
ǡƿֻص˵⡭
˺Ȼ
ά֮Ĳ྿ж֮𣡿ȴԴڵΪѹάڵĻ
ͬһʱ䣬ڵһʿȻ΢ɫһԲɵ÷ס
ǵҰУάƿһһαɣһһεѪա
һһ̫ϳϺ͵ڶ̫ϳ־ֺ۲ţһ̣һ̫ϳϵĿϣΪҰֶҰǣ
Ż䣬һ̫ϳϵˣͻ棬ֱӳȥ


2375 նɱά
ڵһ̫ϳϴڴٶȺܿ죬ת۱ǰ
Ķ
ɭ̧ץࡣ
ԶͻǿһĻ΢˲ʩչ˲ƶת۴սʧǰǰµһ̫ϳϡͬʱֻУһֻصƽ֯ŻһĨ΢⡣
һ̫ϳ϶ʱͲͫ˲ɴ͹һ˲䣬Լͻأһ֮У޾Թ˻˺ҧꡣ

Ӿֵҽеһʱз˫һ˲鲼Ѫ˿ŵŵɺˣ󣬲ҽͣһڵأûϢ
ڣȴˡ
˲ɵöͫ΢Ŀ㤣գղšʲô
ûпκγֵĶڵһ̫ϳȴǷǰĲҽУֱˡ
ƫͷ¿սеĻ䣬оֺ»ƣ޾ƽ֯͸ؼУһŻȥ
ѪڲըƿȻֻľڲתҲʱֹסʹһʼʱǿˡ
ֻǣıʼûб仯Żڿһͷ档
ӭ񣬻ɫʱøɭһ֮άĴڣ񾹱һĺһδλˣȵ̬Դ
ϣ
ɭͺάİʥһ߶ԣޱʥȡ
ؽڵƶһһֻ΢һʱ份һֻӣ˲ѹ£У˲һμת˲ǳڻǰ̧𣬳ŶԷѹ䡣
ֻУҵĶԿֻ֮һʱԵֵ
֣ת˲ؿڡ
ˣ
ϣһƵʥƻƶһʼЩ΢ܿͱǿʢֱֻ֣֮ʹöԷһʱԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ط̽ݣϵʥƣһͫ׶һ¡
ǡʥƣ
д̽Ȼ
ǻżȻѰϷһֱֻлŻᣬƬصﵽ˴˶֪Ҳܿ϶֮ǰԲڷڣȴǼڷڻѧƿء
򣬵طֻҪķͨѵתۼѧ᣿
⡭
һڴ̲̽ס΢⵽ʲôˣˣ£
ͬһʱ䣬Ȼɫ䣬ĵطѧȥˣ
ңͬʱһ̣֣ȡڷɿţڳӿȥ
һ̣죬ȻԵطȡ
ģס֣ס֣
ŭ𣬷
ӱ䣬ֻ΢Ż˫ֱֻۣӼ
һʵĻɱһʱʹû֮ͬǰĵһ̫ϳϰ㣬Լ걻һ֮ڣ޾ԩ˺ҧ
ͼĻҲסģƿƿƿư
˻άʥӿ걬⣬ֻн޾ԩ𿪣ʵĻɱ˳
ȻҲʱ͵һڵһ˲䱻ȫˡ
ޱȾŭĿ죺á
ž
̧һĶֱϣ֮ǧɡ
УһžӨâ֯ʮȻԵطӻڳ
⣬ϣֱӽڡ
Ȿ֮ڣǹλ̼ʹڡ
Ϊˡ
ȻȾѪ
ܸоĻع飬ʱȴ˿Ҳû⣬ĿֱֱֻϣһѪˮôĿ̲סⶼΪϻۣſ˵ʲôȴǲ֪ܹ˵ʲô
䣡
ʥܱԶɵĻ³أʥҪȼ
Ŀϣ˷ŭԹĸĸģҵ򣡸һ
˻⣬ӿĵʥӿĳɱȥ
ƫͷĻ΢ֻؽűĽâֻ֮֮뽻һѹϰ˻ġ

ôһ֡
וּһֻؽֱն£ЯֻءˡĻ֣ûС
۵һûвҽУԵһ֮£ֻһŴĿѪըֱ
ط˲ȫסˣһ˻ꡣ
ˡ
նһɱ
ڡ
һͲʵĽԻڵĵڶ̫ϳϿз
ͬʱһڻʿҲ
ôܡôܡ
Ϊʲô
һڻڵˣɫɷס
ǻڵĵӣǵȡ̤ά磬ΪƬάصĵάƿάʹǻڵĵλһ˲ŴǣΪڵĵӣݵλȻҲǸˮǴߡ
ܹõΪǵƿʵԶԶͳǿܶ࣬ʱգǻڣܳΪάһͳʹά޵ɵ
ʱЩڵӣضᱻάʿηߵ˰ͽУǸõǶ⣿
һȫˣһ죬̤ά򣬶ֱӸɱˡ
еһУˣ

һĵڶ̫ϳϼŭģ˫Ŀ죬˰ĳɱȥ
ƫͷĿֻ֮֮һӿ֣̼佫Ĩɱ
ͬʱ΢ֱӿһѪҰģˡ
ߡ
ֻ࣬ؽȥ
ǿнϵĵطӡΪﵽάնɱԷʱԽصĻʴԽԽˣʹѾЩҰеĻ棬ھͫʶҲѾˡ
һ̣ĽŲЩ鸡˥ȫûж೯ȥÿһ̤гƬѪˮڵ棬һһѪɫĽӡ
Զ̽ļ£ֻãǷ·һ
ߣ
һ佣⻮֯άϢֱĳնȥ


2376 Σ
â䣬Ϣˣֱն졣
ʮգһʱ̡
ͻһ˽Զݡ
˿̻ȾѪҰʶЩģȴҲܲ׽һԶܿһ
Ҳܱܿĺܿԣ
ĮһԶһꡣ
ˣطһʿͫ΢
棡Уҵӣ
˵ͳڡ
Ŀϣһ˲ϳ׷⣬ǣǰάߣȻҲ֪һǿߣҵ档
û뵽˵еֻأƿصˣ
ԶϢˣϣԵ䵽㡣
̤άΣҲǰףأԼһһףأΪ̤άƿһ½ʵѾԽδضܽڷչǿܳңȻΪһ磬һ½ǿߣȴȻֵףأ໥£һ¹ϵպûл
ֻǣ뵽ǣطȴԶԶĿԵһĻһĻƿ½άȻѧȥطȥ򣬶ɱڻ֮ϡ
죬ɱһǿߵˣƿд˵ƿصֻأ
׷⿴죬ɫĿԵЩÿǰЩʱܣԭţҵ콫һѹɱ죬ȴ룬֮һһڴţƿƿ׻ɱʮǿߣʹ֪ԼĲԽԽ󣬼ܡ
һ죬ԼһΪףأĿ˾ԵһĻĻ죬ȻάĻɱˣƿд˵еֻأ
ֻذǿ˵еЩޱȼɵ޷ƿصһЩǿΪɵֻضԸֻ̤ظάأһеһУ˵ֻжôĿֲ
ɹƿֻص죬ָõǶֲʲôˣŶôµʱܹƿصĵֻأ
һУԶƵһָдܸУԼȣͬϰӥԶҲ׷ϣָоܣɫʱѿ㡣
Ŀϣûп׷һۣϣѪˮס
ƿֻأɱάûκȣ˵һĹˣ䣬˿˿ƵʥԽ֯⣬һȥ״̬άһս
䣬άѹɢʮ
ȾѪʥԽ֯ɵ
ȥң֮Ϊˡ
ûݶԷڣֱԴɵ罫ԷС
ڵ࣬˵̫ˣȻΪԷ򣬵ǣǶƻָȴκεİڵ࣬жûУ޸ûУֻ֮Ķ£ָܻңʱϣҲúķ¡
ʱ״ãԣȷ࣬ɵڣȻá
¿棬۾ֺ½ֻ֯صƻƣһֻؽһκ
ﬣ
̶Хǧ棬ֻһ䣬ЯˡֻءưԵף泯ѹϡ
ֻǣһȻɰԵȴԶԶ޷֮ǰһȣصĲࡣ
ڣնһʹ岻ɵþһѪӿӿ
Ұʶģˡ
Ҳһ֮ûκԥֻؽڣֱӳ⡣
ȫ״̬ΪԽطӡĻҪɱάĲѡǣڵȴȫ״̬˵ڵ״̬ǳ⣬ǿнطӡĻ̫ǿˣڲϵʴʱ޿ڱ޾ž綾иȫʹ衣
һ̣ѪˮϵĴʶоԼʱпʧȥʶʣܹάǿһս
ʱӶΨһѡ
һӮ˺ͻһսն˻ɱѣȴû뵽άϱȻҲǰףء
ಣ
ƿת۶ѣȥԶٶȿľˣʧؾͷ
άܣһնһĿӶݶȥķ򣺡״̬ӵˣҵĶɣǰװѪģ
ӵĮ䵭׷Լң󣬾ֱ׷ȥ
תۼ䣬׷Ҳ̤ڣת۱ʧҰС
ڣ̽Ƿ˭Ҳû뵽ɱ˻֮ҵά澹ͻȻˡ
״̬¡
˵
ơˡ
˿ڡ
֮ͨǰһĻĻ֪̽ǿǿĸˣǣڻɱ˻֮״̬Щ̽ȻҲܸоƺʱܱʧȥʶϢѾ˥˼࣬״̬ܵסά
һʱ䣬Щ̽񣬿Զȥķ㶡
ǵǺ׷ȥµķչȻǵΪٶϣȴǼȱȲ״̬죬Ҳܱȵ״̬档

һڵͣɫ԰ףѾϾ˼档
һ죬̽أǻޱ貵ĺӣȻȴ䵽ءһˣ̫ϳˣһͨҲնɱص׸ҲϣټĻڣʵˡ

뿪ڣԼٶУѾ̤Զ
ռϲϵĻ͵졣
ѪˮһС
ﬣ
նٶȾˣ
׷Į
ƣܿһɨ۶Էκһ˿ͣԶݡ
ڵ״̬ͶԷӲԲǵѡ
ڣֻӶݣдϣ
ವһתۼѣǿȥԶֻزһ
׷΢ֻǴΪ״̬ޱ⣬Ϣ˥ңٶȴô죬һά
ô֣ӽһƬٶȣļֵܴ󣡡
ɱҵϵԼɱʮǿߵ£֪ˣѾҵıɱ֮ǰֻ򵥵ɱ죬Ȼڣ֪ƿֻأѧ˻ĵط뷨ѹ죬ǿдѰطԵطȡ˷Լǿµֻأ
޵죡
£вɵøտտĹ׷ٶһμ


2377 Ԯ
ӻѧĵطԼƿصֻط˷ȣбǲɵտտĹֻ֯Ҫѹ죬֮ԽһжõδԿ޵У
ﬣ
̶֣һâֱĳնȥ
Ƭգܡ
ܿһŻľʹѪˮһƬƬڿУԶݡ
ǿнطӡĻʴڲϼӾ磬ڷɿ˥ڳأҰʶԽԽģĲʺ潻档
ಣ
һƿת̤Զֻزٶϱ֮ǰЩ
ң۵˲һμһ˲佫˦޾롣
䣬һ٣׷ϡ
Ϊˣܿ죬ٴ׷졣
וּһһΣһնȥһƬ
ܣӰȴվǱһᴩؿڱһǰ͸Ѫ
ؿڣʱΪǿнʴȥ޸Ѫɨ棬һγԶȥ
ƾڵ״̬ܴϷѣϷֱԲã

Ż䣬ǳƬܼâʮգת۱Ƶǰ
ҧٴ˲޾Զܼܿ⡣
κͣɶݡ
ϣңٶĸЩһ޾ңԶ
һһ׷һɽ˦󣬶ҲǱʿ
ǣǸάضˣˣУǡ
ҵ棡ά
⡭
һĻ׷ɱ죬άһʿǸľ
׷ɱ죬˿һƬƬʿ
ԴˣǶ⣬һٷɶݣһٵ׷ɱ
ʱ䣬һαչȥ
ﬣ
â̶̧֣ʮĽѹ죬иִʡ
ǰ죬һ죬άɫЩͳάϱ׷ɱһ˵Ĵʿȴ춼δ£
㻹Ӷã

Ż䣬ǳƬʥѹ졣
ȾѪӶݣʮαˣʮ͸ĽѪˮʡҪǣʴڼӾ磬ʶģˣҰҪˣͷ­ڴһѣ
ֻۺѾ֧ţֻֻزǿܣƬâȴɻǱƬʥУǴѪˮӿɫѾޱȲ԰ס
ɶݣ³ƬѪˮ
תۣһʱȥϢٶȽ˥͹ȣնˡ
Ϊ֮£ϷлӵڣɳµһĮΪֹˣ
Ż䣬̧֣޾ʥԽ֯޴ʥӡƺƵѹ졣
˫Уâտտһ˿˿̰˷ܡ
ԸоõԱܲһˣӶݣ
ѹ죬ܿܵõУ
޾ʥӡתۼѹǰ
ȻҲʱͻ֣ͶϷһǰһն
⽣ҽٷǳ죬Խ֯άѹת۱նǰ档
涯ݣ̫ʹòĹܡ
ͬһʱ䣬һŮӿٳϷһŮӳת۳ǰ
죡
Ů毺ã񻣬ʱ죬˥죬Ŀ֮ɫ
ŮɫʤһԷ죬ͬŮӰ㣬ǴŽǡ
֮˳ķ򣬸һ̤Խ֯άϢ
֣֣λǺ⣿
ɨŮӺŮӣĿϣ΢
֣ôҲά۸һСƺܲá
˿ڡ
ȾѪҰѾģʱȴҲǿõǰ£Լˡ
⡭ŮӵԼһŮӣЩ⣬һ˲ſڣԵ÷ǳ㻻·ˣ
ŮӣƬάؽύĵһѣҵʥŮ⣬ŮӣʥŮɣ֮ǰǴɫ·ģȴǻһɫ·
⡭ȺɫǫѷЩӭĻ΢£ֿڣ۲Զ棬ʦˣ㲻µģ
һԣҲүүˣģҲ˲㣡
յʱ䣬һ·׷ɱ죬һƬһƬĽʿȻ˳ȥܿǴɶУŮһʱԼһأѭʱҵ졣
챻Ůһһҵķţ̧ͷԶߣһܸоϵάϢȻѲµ˵һԼһ档
ллл
ô֣֧Ųסʶ޾ڰ˲Ϣʹȥ
ǿнطӡĻϵʴά׷ɱشֵܹڣȫǿһɲ־񣬼һάһ̷һֱŵ񾭱ƽɳڣڴʱʧȥʶ뵽֮С
ɶһڷֻǻʺ󣬶ٷЩ
ˣŮǴŨŨĵģΪ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ߺ濴죬ͬʱ档
֣أΣ
Ц
ɫ΢ʮ֣Ϸɱ㻤ϷΪѩޣδҲЩ˵ȥ
һԣһЦ֣ʮ֮ҵ֪ƺλСֵܣһ壬ƺ˿Ҳռ˵ţһһοڣԳ׷λСֵܣ²Ϊʮ֮ҪǵλСֵֻܵ˰ɣ
ڻչֻһѾȥգ£ҲǴάн磬ټά죬ʿ֪ƿֻء
ɫ΢棬ĵΣʮɵѪܰĺСŹ뽫֮նɱѪ챻ɱʮɵ֮飡
⣬άѹӿƺƵ
֣˰ɣãһˣܴнߣ
Ц
ȥ֣գע
濪ڡ
άվһάϢƣɲе죬


2378 ֻؾά
Ļɫ³˺ܶࡣ
֣֣λҪΪУ
ȻնΣʱˣԵЩ䣬Ҳû뵽ϾҪˣȴ˳
һЦ⻰ЩˣλСֵλϷŮϷɿ㽫ɱ
λСֵϷͽж飬Ե໤̸ΪС

ɫһʱøӵĿ档
֮£Ϸˣ
棬󣬲ʵĿ죬תߡ
涼άΣûһ˱һˣ˶Ҫ죬׷ɱʱֺķ˲ʥˣҪһսֲһ˿һıˣԣʱֻѡߡ
ٶȺܿ죬ֻתۼѣǾ̤ԶʧԶա
һһҷ죬治ߣȻ֮Уȴǲɵ˿
Ůֿ죬˿̵죬ѪѾǳ׻ˡ
ллͶǰԶʹȥˡ
ɵ˵ţԼһȴûȥ
ͷﻹЩȥ˱ȽϺá
ɵԼһ
һʱ䣬Ů໥ŶԷһһұ
ЦҺǺܺõѣ񣬵չȽϺʡ
Ҫ壬ǰʦչȽ׵
ɵ
ŮһһϮ£һһ£һάڶ飬һάһ飬޾ʮʱŶԷһһ죬á
濴ź˵ģһۣɵöЩΡ
ɿһҪˣ˵Ĳᣬʱ򡣡
ڸѰһʵĵطɣһչ

ʱһ⡣
£ɷ죬滤һԣúڸһɽѰһ㰲ɽȣʥǱȽŨ
ϷͶȰơ
濪ڣ׼ˣΪڿ˵ļأһ̱Ǻһ֣ͣ壬ȻʼڻлָˣңָٶȷǳˣԭڲѪҺһٶֹסϵµʮ͸ʱۿɼٶϡ
ҲǷһ㣬ͬһ㣬Ҳǲɵɫ΢䡣
ǡ
ѾʧȥʶڻУǽٽƣʱȴ㾪˵ٶȿʼָͷ·ǣ˿һڰΪ֮ˣϹŶ𺳣⵽һߺεغͿµ壿
ҲȣܿͲˣһ̱ޱȷ
ƻָ죬ȫûκΣգǵǰõˡ
ʦҪȫָҪܹת
档
һ̾ϢǰǸС죬˭мһˣΪ˸Сˣ˴Сϲĺ£ǿнʦҴӱϳڰȫˣֹʲôʱȫָȫʦǿгûʲôӰ죬ôˡ
նʱǺˣԵúܲ˼Сǣʦû°ɣ
޾άάһ飬ͬʱʵҲǿƥƿ󶥼ͳһǾԵĵһˣǣȴǶ̶һʱʹѧ׾ٵĻ
һ죬оŭͲʣǱܣʼµо飬ķʮչأǿƿصΪʼڶˣĽǣȴһʱƿǿʩչƿأתϳԽ׵߽Ľ
һ죬ΪɱûУǴĸϲҪ壬һʼµǿ˵Ҫ̫Ҫ̫ˣҪƽʹˡô˶нʱĶʦ⣬δһ˵ʲô죬ǵһֱ̫ˣңǲڷڽһЩ
һ죬һζһ㺣һ㺣֮ص񹬺󣬵ڶձǻϲĺ£Ϊɫ·
ǰúɫʣһպúԽԸΪ¡
㻹ẦߣϹͷֵˣЩֵãȫֵã
̲סЦ
ǵĸˣ˼֣ʦ
浱ǸɿȣóǷǳ۰ģģлָȬȻ󣬴Űºܹ
һάҲǷǳкøеģΪǰѾ֪촫Ҫ壬һִ顣
Ļһʱӷ
ҲĻҲǸӰġ
챻ƽķһʯϣŮһһҵţһ˲˲Ŀ졣
СϱŷСĿҲϣɵñֻذȻǵȷ򡭡
󡣡
վԱߣĿҲϣеڡ

ά죬н磬ɱֻصѾԻڴ
Ȼڷ
ǿǴ˵е𶼼ɵ޷ƿصȴǡ
ôģ
ʿ𺳣ںնάĻ¡
ʵǣֻȷ̫˵ˣ
˵ʷϺмһЩ˵Ļǳƣֻز򵽣Ǿ޷ƿصȫȫֻأƺҲǷǳ£άάȫֻزûʲôơǸ죬ȻƿֻأȴһƿȫʵҲ̫°ɣ
ôһ仰
ô˵һ˭ƿصֻأ޾ǰĹʱڣжٿֲܳȥƿֻأһ⣬˲ƿصֻأһ㣬˵жôֲˣǹһ˾Բ֣

ֻؾ㲻ƿصǣҲѾƿֻۣ˵ֻ۾кܶວ˵սһ;ϣ˫ãս
ΣǸ˶ǡ£
ǻѾ˰ɣ࣬οЩ£
άһδڣ죬Ƭأһʿ𺧡

һɽڣ죬澲һԡ
һʱһУչȥȬ
תۣʮչȥ
ʮպһ죬ָһ£һֱŵ˫ۣ˿


2379 һ
죡
죡
ʱºѹɶһϲͬĵ
Ӵʯɣǰ£Ȼ˲
󣬿һһң֪ʧȥʶʱ䣬һֱ
ллǡ
Цȴ档
˵ǿѣǧ˵л֮ǰ㶼ȹҼ
ҡҲڣ֮ǰҪˣˡ
ԣƫͷ
ˣ⻰ôô΢
쵹û룬ʼմЦ
⻹ûأͶˡ
Ա𣬵٩Լӡ
ʦ
Ǻ
浱ɿȣ죬Сֵܣ˾ͺã˾ͺá
ʱ˹ĿϣЦſڣƽ͡
æӴʯ΢΢лλǰǰ
˵ΪɶվģˣһοĻУһݺܴĶ顣
Сֵܿˣս֮£Сֵܲ飬ǽҪഫ۶԰ɻǶ񹬣ⶼһݴ£Сֵ鷳ϷǰȻСֵܲ÷ϡ
Ц
⻰ǿʵľţɿȵʼ棬񹬶ɱԼߵڴսǵˣȴ飬Ҫ壬Ǳʼµ黹ҪɶԣһʥԵ֮ߵúԶԶǿˣҲζǿˡ
ҲΪˣǳкøУȻΪɴӱϳ鷳˲ٵľ񣬵ȴҲûоκοϧ
ҼҵĵŮҲǳСֵܶȣСֵܣȻ岻ݴǡ
濪ڡ
άϱʱȴǷǳĿ
һһ룬ǵöлλǰ˷ضǣ
Цٴ
ϵЦŨʵͳɾ֮ͣǰܹնɱ˵ǲǿ٣ΪȴǫѷʼǣǿΪнڣ̫ѵˡ
úúãܺã꣡
ЦļˣϹŶϲ
ҲǴЦҲԽԽϲ
λԼ⡢ɾⷽɽУ໥˺ܶࡣ
˵Сֵܵ°תѧԼطᣬ벻ȻֻضƿصˣɵǿֲϹͷʵǾ㤡

ͷ򵥵ĵ֣ˣ
ɿ죬֮ǰǶֻǹƣûȥ⴫ƿֻص£Ȭѹᵽ£ٴο죬㲻ɵöĿ⣬𺳡
ֻأ˵еЩƿزΪ֮ɵĹǿΪȥմȾϵĴֻܽΪֻظάأͲԸ̤άǶֻȷɵĺܡ
ǣȴƿصֻۣʵ̫ںˡ
һǿƿءǫѷǳѡ
ֻֻͬأų޵УһֻǰǴԣȻҲͼޱȣ
˵

ͷ
ϹŶȻƿصõֻأֻһȴ֪١
˵ʵά֮ϵʿֻһǳΪȥ޾һϵĴΪմȾֻضԣά֮ϵн磬żжֻһļŨ֣һµĴ档
ЦⷽɽУֺԼ˼򵥵á
һΣȥ
СֵѾްȥһ
ЦŶ
˵ؾԽϲ٣СֵܵЪϢЪϢɡȻֺ飬ԿһϷӭ֮
Ц
һʱ䣬ɶһ˲˲Ŀ죬۾úܡ
ЩΣ˶٣Լ񣺡лλǰʢ飬ǰҪʱͲȥˣһŰݷã
ʱ׼ȥάµ֧ͥΪˡ
һЩĵرɵҩ󱦱ȣ׼ľˣʵңľǽһִصάصĽµˡ
ԣҲûǿ
Ǿ˵ˣСֵܿгһϷʱСֵܡ
ϷǣҴʱΪСֵܴ򿪡
Ⱥ
лλǰ
Ц
һԣɵһЩʧı顣
ע⵽ˣ˶٣⣺ǸǸ£
ͼɱ⣬ȡʥŮλ漰ң⣬ɵʵ
ţѾϲˣû¡ֻһΪʹûκιϵǶ֪¡컹ǵ£ѯԼһЩˣ㽻ˣһʱĽգԼ岻κӰ졣
Ǿͺá
Ц
ʵͦ⣬һδαɱȴʼջǳΪ㣬еǰȻƺȫûԼɱ£ؽһ˿ɱȲϡ
˶٣һԵɣЦ㴩ɫ·Ⱥɫ·ÿЩ
ɼѯʱЩʧ䣬ʱ㿪ڣǵʧһ¾ͲˣոһƬΣģ
ġ
Ц
Ⲣǹά˵ĽǶȶԣȷʵɴ¸ÿ
Ժʹɫ·
ɵӸһЩ
ԣɵЩա
ҡͷ
ʦ
ŭɹȥʱʹͣ¡ȡЦɡ
Ǻգֺ֮桢桢˵һЩ漴Ǻ˷ֱĿ뿪ԶȥԼ뿪
뿪ƬɽٶȺܿ죬¹ȥʱ󣬷ǳµ֧ͥǿŹǡ
֮ΪҲķղŴﵽŹǵλãΪάֻһƬĴ޾޴ǳɣ֮ǰĵطǳλãʵЩ̫ңԶ
ûͣ٣ֱ̤Źǣú֧ͥڡ
ͥڼΪһɨľ˾ڱȥ뿪ֱӿʼأʵȥű
һˡ
͵ڱصľ˶УڲӰһͬʱʹһ˸Դ֮


2380 ά
֧ⷽͥڣľ
ƿһһתۼѣľȫ
ɵ۴ˣôͻȻˣ
һ֮Щ⣬뿪󣬿ɲûйȥ̫õʱ䡣
˳Щǡ

̤֧ͥڣȡɵҩĵرȣľˣЩĵرɵҩʱӦö̤תΣǴﵽתκٸһЩһЩ¡
ڣõı̫ˣǿһάأɵҩж٣һЩתǿ߶дáڱ棬ֻ󼶵ıȡڣҴ඼۷弶
⡭
ȡɵҩĵرȣľ˸ɵöݡ
Ƕ켶ȻóصЩɵҩĵرŶļֵ
ɵ۴ˣ⡭ǣأ
Щ˸ֲɵ졣
òϡ
ͷųһ˿ԼϢ
ľ˸ݺһ
ɵ۵ˣ
˽𺧡
λɵ۲뿪ãһʱ䶼ʹתﵽ˴
ʲôٶȣ
ȣЩɵҩĵرȥﵽת֮ҡ

̤֧֮ⷽͥڵһ
ɫ԰ףûټأȴҲûκκת
ʱ򣬴бɫԷһЩ֮ǰɱ콫֮磬µʱڣһֱڵ졣ΪȥڣΪˡ
죬ſڣһʱȴûܹ˵ʲô
Ϊˡ
Ц
ȻĳĵǣҲĳԸʵ࣬ӵĳĬ̸ⷽ棬Ƿǳó
ⷽڣֻľΪָ޸Ƶ֮󣬾߳ⷽ󣬹ϸţһڸھˡ

ά죬ҡ
棬ˡ
ҵһŵУ׷⿴棬鲻̫ÿ
˵죬Ȼδһάѹأ
ˣƿֻأɱάĻ
ⷽŵڣҵĵԼһڵ̫ϳ϶ڣɫҲÿ
ĸά죬һڸ߲㣬ﶼʼЩ
Ͼҿǰ󼸴죬ǰлɱάǿߵһӣңʱƿά¶ɱˣ˵죬һάԲǶָ֣֮뵽ңǶһһѡ
߾ӹŵϷһľϣɫʱʱ䡣
һۣʮȥ
ȡѹ̵ı¯׼һ£дﵽˣϷһǰ򡣡

⻰һⷽŵڣһļŸ̫ϳϺ׷ݡ
棬˼ǣȥȡȡ߱ڶά汦
Ҽݡ
δش𣬲ȴǲÿɷȻˡ
棬߱˵Ǵά۷壬Էڶ汦ӡµĴףʧȥ汦ѹƣһ»ᡭ
һĵһ̫ϳϵ
Сԣ֮ڳػԸңȻϣǣСȷʵǹϷڵڴڣϷҲǶֻ֡ȡڶ汦ڶ汦֮ſɶԸҰȣ֮ٴȡµطֻغȡ
Һ񹬣Ϸ£ѹСطֻغȣһңάأͷףϷȡطֻءȣάΪԼ汦ѹ֮ǰôھôڣڵԽԽãԽԽãʱϷ֮ѹػά羴η
ҼԶݣвɵöоâ֯
Ӣ
һĵһ̫ϳϵȥһ棬ȷʵ
ĮԹվ
ȥ׼ĵңң֮⣺СϷţ

ά죬ϵĴڡ
ľɵҩ磬ڱˣԾټ֧ͥڣһߺĿһ̽
ڼڣ񣬽غĻѾȶٶ˿ʴ͸ΪȶڴڲΣڲΣѾûжԶˡңҪǣص֪⣬øӵˡ
дǡͲ𡣡

վ֧ⷽͥڣŲϣ˿˿Ƶ΢˸ء
ʱ䣬һĹȥ
һ졭
졭
졭
תۣչȥһƵǹ⽻֯
ŴΪģƬάأǹһӿתۼ佫֮ûٵӿڣеǿ֮㡣
ǡ
н֯һƾâ΢Σһǳֶȫǹ۶ɣźϢԴ񼤵
ϵķӡأȶ֪͸ȽػʱһʵķԾ֧ⷽͥУĬĬʱǽǷǿƿص֡
ȿűʩչûвյԼ򣬹ȻҪ١

֮ǰʩչʩչֳɵķֻķһʱǾյûκβյȥǷȴķҹʱ䣬ȥʱȷʵǺܴ
ҲԼȣ˱ȣǱ֪ڶ̶ʱûκβգоͽǷƿصУƵûɵһƬ
˶٣ûжǹ⽥ɢȥ֧ͥ
ʱ䣬һš
պ󣬺ڰ͹ֲͬɫͬʱ֯⣬Ϣìܲһȴںϵķǳˮںһ㣬û˿Υ͸С
⡣

ǷԱԴǹݻǳɹɷΪǿ
ⷨͬʱ֯ڰ͹ֲͬԵںһ𣬳ɾǿάɱ֮ϣ˿Ҳ
ûй⣬ʼĲһۣʱȥ
պ˿˿ƵĽɫԽ֯ڵ̫ľʱʥɫ󣬵ȴҪ̸ͣȴޱͣࡣ
𡣡
һĨâ


2381 ƶ
ʼһÿһѪ֮УʹһʱһֵĸоԾʥǿʢ˼࣬ԸоԼʮ·ܵκεĹɢһ㡣
ͬʱȭͷ΢ֻȭͷһ˲óһƬƺԽһл顣
ķ򣿡

΢һ˲ŴǺͰһ
ʱٴӼ˴ǡͲ֮оԼʵһ޴Ľʮǰǿ˲٣ΪҲ봿ڸˡ
Ե˵ͷ֧ⷽͥڣĬĬǡͲ
ʱһΣתչȥ
֮һ죬ľ̳أɵҩĵرȺһ̤뵽תΡ
ͷ΢Σһ󼶱ڷɳÿ˽Ըһڡ
ǣ
ľ˽ļ¡
ǲŸոսɵҩĵرﵽתΣÿ˵õһ󼶱󼶱ǶԿޱݳ޵ر
ɵ۴ˣ⡭
ǿ죬󼶱ɲǼ򵥶
˵㲻ʲôȼıõ̫̫ࡣ˶٣̧֣űԽֱ֯𽻸ľˣǡͲάǵǰΪ㹻Ǹˣٵźٻ
Գȥľ˱𣬲ȴǿԸǸ
⣬⡭
ľĸͥǿ߽ӹ͸ά
άάڱū۵Щ꣬Ȼ˵ֱǡͲÿһάǿޱȣǵ̶֮ͥһʱ䲻Ϊתڴﵽ˴Σǽάάȫƿˣ£㽫ֱӾʯ
ǽӴάĹʷ࣬ȴҲܹµŽάûκͬʱƿά򣬿ǵɵۣȴˡ
ңǷǳףǸоͷ·ǵ֦һ򵥡
λɵۣʲôˣ
ǿͿ£ǱܺԣѾȫԽǿĲΡ
ȥ̤ϵȫնٻȥһЩ¡
쿴ľ˵
ūЩ޾£̤ǵϣȫǵ˿ľ˵㹻ľ׸ˡ
ľ˸΢򵹣д
лɵ۴ˣ
һ
ȥɡ

ǣ
ľٴ񣬶Ŀޣһͥתʧ
һվⷽͥУʱʱڵǷ
˵ĺأҪȬٵ²С
վͥڣʵͬʱΪ໤
ʱһΣתۼ䣬ʮչȥ
ֹȥʮպһ죬ľ˻ˣ˵ľ񶼱ñ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬˵ĸо
صⷽͥ˵һʱǰԵϥд
лɵ۴ˣ
һ˷ܣŸм
ţѱ𣬾ʹʧά֮ϣΪŵʷ

һ˵飬ȻµõЩѱ
ɵ۴ˣǽŵĵԴȣĿ
ľȡڿռ䱦ʸ죬һ˻ٵź󣬽ŵб͹żȽԴ˻
ɨۣ÷ŵͥڣΪպͥչԴ˵ľɵҩĵرȫľľϣ鷳Щάأȥʮǵͥ
Щ֮ͻʮͥʹ¡ɺͼǣԼľλʦ֣ڼ̵ʱ̤תΡңлһЩ˵ĵرһ̤뵽תͷΡ
ǣɵ۴ˣ¶
ľٴд񣬽ʮǵֱ꣬뿪֧ͥάضȥ
Ŀľ뿪ֱԷʧҰкĿŰϣָʮеʮУϡϡϡϡĵϡϡϡϡϣϣǳԴһˣȥطάٶϺū۵ˡ
άأռԣĶʦ˵ԶԶ漸ƬؿȣΪֻظάأʹάޱ⡣ҲΪˣԹάܹά쾳ǿߣǳǳĶࡣ
ľȾŰ˴ﵽ쾳ץסūۣȻΪЩ˾Ƭصάǿߣң֮ǰҲ˵кüƽţץ˲άǿΪū
ʱʮʮݿɻΪ޵֮ȥȱū۵άǿߣЩԸͥ㽫ȫͥǲԸ⣬ǿ֮ȥ
ǣɵ۴ˣҵȶȫԸ
̿ڡ
ʵҲ֪˽⣬ضźͽһ£ūάصͬȥЩͬάضͬȻǷǳԸ⡣
ūô꣬ū۵жʹ࣬ûκεϡ
ҵ汻ū۵ͬɵ۴˴
˵
ˣɫ¶棬ǲɵ˸
ǵλɵۣ̫ˣ
ȥɡ

ʮ˴һȥū۵άǿߣһ֧ⷽͥ
ʱ䣬һţһ˾֧ⷽͥʵͬʱıΪԷ
תۣһ¹ȥ
һµʱ䣬֧ⷽͥǧˣǧ˶ǴΣάıһЩƽū۵ǿߣڱ֮ȫ֧ⷽͥ
лɵ۴˴ҵȱ׷棡
Ȼάǿߣ֪һк󣬽ԳдĿм
ӭǼͥЩˣ춼ͬסһ仰ˣˣҲжǿ󣬵Ʊ뱣֣һͥ
ʱ䣬ţͥڣľ磬Ϊ໤
֮תȥ
պһ죬ںޱȻϢ󼶵ǿѹͬʱ֧ⷽͥľ޴ڣ̼һ޴ת۸Ļ谵̼串֧ͥ
¡
ԵϢǵض¡
ǣ
ɵ۴ˣ⡭ʲôˣǡ
֧ⷽͥڣһǿȫ˳Ǳͻأֵ
쿴ϵУǰıڣϲɵЦ⽻֯ƶɣܴﵽڡ


2382 ׳
¡
̶ʮɫкʲϣԽٵһһ
٣ʹ֧ͥһǿ߽ļ¡
һ̣ɢȥͥϿջָԵϢҲתʧӰ١
ͥ򿪣˳ɫȻǰǰ԰ףúࡣ
񣬼ǿ
ϲ
Ц
ЩӣһֱڱΪ໤ĸоˣΪȻǴתͷȴޱƽڣ̤֮ǿнΪʱ
ţ֮ȹ٣ܹ̤ڡ
࿴죬ſڣлл
һ˴ڣƴӻھȳЩҲܸоһֱڱΪݶ飬ůĸ׹Ҳûио
ʵкܶ໰˵̸˵ĿɱȫܵĴʣֻСллһ
֧ⷽͥУһͥǿΪٵĳʱ࣬Ϊ֮ݣλѣɵ۴ǰЩӡ
ǰū۵ǿߣǿǰŸ𣬸˽ţУȻҲ˵ндŵ£֪д˵еֻأǰЩʱһ˴ڣΪһࡱˡ
񣬼ӱ߳ЩͥǿȻϳࡣ
ͥҴġ쿴࣬ȶɽ٣ϸ̸
ŵ׽ٲȻǿѹ£δȹöԷɽٱȽϺá
һ죬ǳһƫƧ֮أһĿӶԷɽ١
¡
׷һһ䣬Ϣˣӿȡ
ֱʱ׷ɢȥ߲Ƹ֣֡
һٱǿ߲ɢȥΪͣͷֻһСͿɴﵽ۷Ρ
찵ԵͷһεƶԣôǷǳĴ
ڵ࣬ţƾޱƽ۷ΪƾɵҪɱһĴǿߣԲѡ
ͥ
ܿط֧ͥ
ͥڣһǿ߶ڵ˻ȻǶܸоɹȹ٣̶ϲ
ôΪҵػս
쿴࣬ٴη롣
࿴죬⣬ĿϣҶԴգտʼҽҶ졣Ŀϣϥ񣺡ԸΪػս㣬ΪͥˣΪͥ꣡
ӻھȳɱĸǸ˽ˣչ˵һ˸еģѾ˸꣬ΪǸ޲Ķķһ˿˼˸еʱ䡣
ĸȥ֮ûκ죬ĸȥ󣬵һоůˣһƺΪˣڣֻȥģһжˡ
ԣĿⲻɵ΢Ϊǰȡࡱ˼̷࣬ˣպһ֣Ψмġ֣ȡҶ죬˼ٲȻ̷졣
֪һ㣬ȻûҪԷ̷뷨ȴҲȥܾԷ⣬ԶֽԷ𣺡Ҷ죬ʶҺܸˡ˵ڿʼͥڣֻһ˵ǲǼǻ飡
طһͥǿߵ
μҶս
˵ϥ򵹡
ͥΪɵۣػսͥĵλǿ֪
Ҷƫͷ졣
쵭Ц˵ͷ
Ҷǿһͥǿߣ𡣡
죬Ǹӡ
Ц
һȷʵǸӣǣһ죬֧ͥ䳡˲ٵ;ЩǶмֵֻһףѡ
ɵ۴ˣµ֮ǰˣȥҶսʱԣ֮ǲҪȥң
ͥǿѯ
Щʱ䣬뿪֧ͥȥʱ̫̫ĴţȻ׷ɱ£Щͥǿһоܲ
ǶԼһɵ۵սڴȻҲ˽⣬֮ǰƿάնˣΪ£лɱͨάǿߵȫʢ״̬£ԲǶ֡ţԼһɵۿɲܾǰԿҵǸʱǰԣһи˽ᣡ
ͥǿߵĻҶҲ졣
ȥھʱԣ£⡣
н֯΢⣬ǹһĨЦȻЩʱȥ
䣡
ͻȻŴΪģάһ𣬽֯޾Ѫâ֯ſĴɱĻϡ
ʹ鵱һվǣķ
˫۵΢
Ǹķǵӵɱ⵽㣬µ㣬ǿоһвһԿĸо
󣬸ȥ룬һ˲֪ˣȴ⵽ɱ򱻷ӡͷסƬڣ߱ӡͷףһˡ
˭
һɺ
ڶ⼶ά汦⣬˶汦ͷ׾ûпƷضΪ̰ȡڶ汦ƻ˵߱ΪµǷħԲŵǴ׳
֮ǰѾʶӻ֪ά죬汦ӡŵͷж£һض޾ѣȴȥڶ汦¾飬ûκ
ವƿһҶһͥǿȫ˳

ҶȥҲʶӻʱķ򣬸ǹɺɱȻҲܲ³ͷױųˡ

򡭡
䣡
֮ϣ˷ĵľ޵ŵϵʥɽһʱķѣҽ
쫷ƵһͷԺײðͫ׳죬βһƵѪɫɶߣһɽϢ
𣡡
һ𴫳ɱһⲨ
һʱ䣬Բʮں˷Եһɽ̮һʿתۼһ֮»Ѫʧ֮䡣
¡
ڣԺжУʼƶβڣҡضŷڣ˳򣬾˻ģûһƬһƬɽʹء
ã̤ķΧгԶ̤ܼ֮ڡ
𣡡
޾Ѫâ֯һſŻĹƳ˷
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһըɽһƬƬ֮֮ȫƻ
һЩʿԶԶĿһĻ֡
ǡʲô
ǡԺǸѵǺµġͷף
ӣӣ
ˣһʱѡӶݣʵͷ֯Ϣ̫ˡ
ֻǣһ̣һ𣬵ɱ֮ǷС
Բڣһ飬

֧ͥڡ
쿴ڵǸΪ̫ԶֻܸоĿɱԿĻ棬ǣȴõͷ׳ڣڷʲôǴӺ̤ȥˣ֮ضѾƻ
ô̶̵ת˲䣬ƣӦѾгʮϵ


2383 ̤
쵰
ķкøŨЩ
ƬصˣƬصЩ飬κûκιϵȴǲɵһŭ⡣ȡ汦ˣֱ׼
ͥһǿߣ֮ǰʱܶ£ʱҲ֪ʲô
ɵ۴ˣڣ
ʵ
쿴λã˶٣ǵڹܲ¡
ͷ׳ضѣֹһ֣ϧǣǿɻɱͨάǿߣͷޱƽ쾳ĴףȴҲһ취ҲûУͬʱƿάҲУʵϵĲǷǳ޴󣬸ͷ׵Ķ֡
ͥұչһʱ䣬ȥҡ
˵
طӡͬʱƿƬصάΪ봿ѾԶˣҪ˶þܴﵽڣȥˡ
£һ죬Ҷ½֧ͥڵĴڣ򵥽һЩº֧ⷽͥһڱչء
Ҷ۷ѾûԶĬĬⷽ⣬Ϊ

ά죬Ĵ硭
ʲôͷסˣ
ô᣿Ǳӡĺο𣿣ΪʲôͻȻƷ
˶汦
ĸյĸɵģ뺦ˣ
ԶһЩͷסס
ڣ׳ת˲֮ԺڿѾйԶ֮ѾгʮϵѲ£ܿǴ˸䡣
ټά죬̴ܿе֪£̴ǿǰ̽ѰȻһЩɢϹŶҲ˳̽Ѱ඼Ǵڴ۷徳ΣȻڼ׵һ˲㶼귢ͷҲص롣
ʵǴ֯Ϣ̫ˣǴɱʹɱ¾ϢֱΪɱ¾·Ϊɱ¾ɣֻǿһ۾˿־塣
𣡡
죬ױۣ˫Ŀ죬βҡ٣ȥٲȻûʲôǻۣڵֻ޾ɱ¾֮⡣
ĴڣƺΪɱ¾Ұе飬һʱǱݻ٣֮ѪˮƬƬ

ά죬ҡ
ģڱʣԽ֯˵ʥԡ
һꪣһܣһڶһѵһһӡһ
ڱһ𣬽֯ŵϢƿһС
⣬ǡ
Ҽڱס˸ڵļ
Աߣ׷ԼһľŸǿ̫ϳϣҲڣ˷ܡ
Ǻķµʱ䣬ڵĸرȺʩΪ֮Ҫ汦Ը⣬˶ļꡢԴΪ˲Ӱ죬Ҫٺķʱȫָ汦ȡ񣬿汦һ֯ƣһĿļ
ʵ̫ǿˣ
ȡڶ汦Ī˵֮ҪʱʹĵꡢԴΪָ֮ǰ۷״̬ʮ꣬Ҳȫֵã
һ̣˶ܸоõڱһսάΪͬʱ߶Իɱά۷֮κˣˣ
ǸСǿΪҲվֻǴڴڣܱȵ۷弶άǿߣѹ
Ҽ߬߬˫֡
䣬źڵ⣬һּ䣬ڱͬʱ
ˣ棬ͷ׳Ѿάнע⣬ǰвʿС
һĵһ̫ϳϿڵڵӿУ֪˲ٵ¡
ùȥڣ˶ûϵû˿Ӱ졣
ԵúܵĮңңĿ⡣
ڵĵһ̫ϳϡҼԼһ׷ˣǵͷ
ȡ汦ʹͷ׳Ǵƻн·ߣһλȫ౳һ岻κһ˿Ӱ죬òȥ⡣
ǣ棬ȥѰС
ҵڶ̫ϳʵ
áӱ䣺Сԣ֮ضңɣʱѹһжϷУңά

֧ͥľ޴ǡ
һУϥֻľĬĬת
ˣ
˿˿ƵľɫʥԽ֯ʮʥûڡ
侫ΪǷɿ
ʱ䣬һţתۼ䣬ʱȥںаϢ
漴һ̣˫ۣ˫Уһƾâһû
յʱչأһﵽڡ
ûӦأάƿأΪﵽڣɱάڵǿҲκѶȡ
ϥڣȹΪ磬ƿ˳ȥ
Ҷһֱڱ֮⣬ƿţӭȥ
Щ죬ͷףΣ
Ҷ죬ʵ
ﵽڣսǿ˺ܶ࣬ȴ֪ǰԼͷ׵Ķ֣ͷ֮Ĳ࣬Ƿǳ󡣲Ȼˣͷ׵Щ⡣Ͼͷףƶɱ¾֮Դ
⡱ҶЩӣΪ커ͥǿȥռ鱨㱨ԣά£֪һЩĻش죬Ժһ·ϣûκĿصнɱѾϰٸл𣬱عƣܹгǧռ
Ḭ̶̆գǧ
ǧ򰡣Щˣԭǲģ
ͷǱ׷ӡŵģʲôǰ֪ȡڱʹôƷʹƬ޾ѣȴɽȡߣ
΢΢һҶȥҡ
ͷĺǿڲǶ֣Ʒˣ׼ȥ˽Թ
һ죬⴦֧ͥһͥǿ߽һЩ£漴뿪ž޴ĹǣҶһ𣬳ضȥ
֮ǰ֪ά£Լҵ֮Ȼ֪Ҷһ𣬴¹ȥպһƬɽȺ⡣
ȥɽȺɽÿһޱΡ룬оʥжôͬʱⷽɽȺУƬɵŸԼձʣֻԶԶĿȥǸһѹȸУ·һ顣
ҶǳƬĵϡ
֮
ɽȺһ˲ǴҶ죬ֱɽȺ֮ȥ
֮вԶԶǿҶ죬Ϊ֮ݡ
Ǹˣ֪ͨڣ
˵ٲȻһͱԸֺ£һȫңͥ˿ء
Ҷ֮ܿ⣬һ۾Ϳ˿յͥ
⡣
Ҷ
ټң֮ͥⲻûأ㽫ųƺڵǽ룬ô
֪
ƽȻҲó£ûб仯ֱĳȥ
Ҷһ̤ҡ
ʼһңͥʱȻպϣһ޴졣
桢Ҽһһ̫ϳϣһ׷⣬һһǿߣЦſ졣
֪ӭ
浭ĮĿ죬߸ϵľ
仰䣬ڱһʱԻͷֱ


2384 Խ
ڱһꪣһܣһڶһѵһһӡһÿһڱǽ֯ž˵ʥƣÿһڱŰɱ֮
ڱ䣬ɫʱñǣ
ڱУڱôԣʥɽڵǱꪣڱȻδۼõ߱ĹžȻ֪ڱʲôģǰĶܡӡ
ǣǵ߱ӡͷ׵ǰЩʱ򣬴׳֪ڱ˶ȥˣû뵽µģң
ǺôĹ
֪ȡڱʹӡĴ׳ʹ޾ѣȴȥˣѾгǧһУȫΪҡ
߱ӡףΪ˻飬Ϊ˲ѣȴΪڱųףȶԱȺεȵεȷ̣
ҶվһԣеһڱʱҲ֪ڱӡͷ׵汦Ҳ֪˴ǱҸųȻԸǳĬû˵ʲôȴҲͬ㣬һʱ˲١
ĮĿϣȻʱָױһų£ȴ˿Ҳ⣺ģ㡣˵ţˣڱͷѹ죺Ϊ˭ܴģ
ڱǽ֯貵ĹΣΪڶ⼶ά汦Ϣ

ӱϡ
һ̣ԼҼԵ£Ϊȡڱŭ
ݵʱڣǧϵЩԭǲģܶ˵޶ϸĸˣǵңȴ˿Ҳ⣬Щ޹Ϊ̤ʯȡڱΪڱ⡣
⣬һƵľɫʥԽֻ֯ľתѹƵʮ
ûκζĶֱ̧֣һ貵ȭֱĳŶԷȥ
ȭ֮УһС
ߣڱ֮ڣ߱ӡѾǱĨɾ׻ڱͷ˲ȭâ
ۣ߱á
Įڱѹ졣
ڱһƺĳֹ໥һ޴ͼ
ʥͼһʮԲ
ǡά۷弶߱Ƶ汦֮ǿ
ܹѹ
֮ڣһǿ߸߬ȭͷѾϤڱ£ʱ汦ԼһзӳƣһԺ˷ܡ
طˣСֻأ壬صά죡
طһڵǿߣѾ֪Լһڵ˵Ĵ㣬ѹ죬ȡطȡ˺ֻأ
һУң
ҼҾŸ̫ϳϺ׷⣬һĻҲĿ̾â
ڣȡط˺ֻغ뽫ң
׷ĿϣдԵɱ⣬֮ǰгԿ£һֱûǿ߶ԣǼѾҪΪħ
Ҫɱ죬ԽĨ򣬶δкܲ
Ȼ֪׷뷨ûж˵ʲôֻǼ򵥵Įĵ˵ͷ
汦ƣʥڣʥͼܣѹ졣
Į֮ӿ֣Ϣͻأøǿ
ڵΪչ֡
ʱ䶯ݣǰЩʱŴڴڣŹȥãȻѾﵽˣٶȣͷɵ΢
ȴҲֻһ˲ѣһ̣߶汦֯ʥͼøǿĵΣɵ
¡
汦߶ĸǿƺƵƽܵȫ̡
СȻѾˣ
Ĺ
߱ڶ汦άΪ߶̤봿ڣҲɵסֻбѹ
ҼҼ̫ϳϺ׷⣬Ŀܿ
䣡
ĮƣԴΪ档
գһ١
Ҷ쿴սƬ̺ƫͷҼһˡ
û˵ʲôһȥ
ţҼע⵽Ķ񡭡
ৣ
ƿ䲻Զ𣬴ĻҶͻأһУһѿס׷Ĳӡ
׷ʱ㤣ҶĶû壬ֱӶˣ㡭
ۣ
ӿҶ׷Ĳ΢ֱӽ֮飬֮£ɲǼ
ػս׷ղ¶ɱ⣬һ

ҼŭŸ̫ϳϱɫ
׷ߣȴҶһת۾ǰɱˡ

Ҽ۾һ˲ͺˣ׷ΨһĶӣһֱĽ
һʥԷӿ֯΢Ĵѹ񱩵ĹҶ졣
Ҷƫͷ񽣣һն¡
ۣ
ҼǴڴڣΪȡڱļֻܹǿɢһ˿ѹڵս߱˲һ
ӣ

طһǿ߻عһɫ䡣
һת۶ѣһĵӺͼȻնˡ
ҾŸ̫ϳǾŭ㣬ǰһǻԼһѹõһУҽεǿʢһ̣һĵӺͼǱһҶ˲ɱ
˱ŭѹͬʱ֣Ҷɱȥ
һӺ͵Ȼ㱻Ҷɱˣ
¡¡ģ˵ΪǴڴ۷壬ΪڱֻܷӳڵսŹɴƺƵҶ졣
Ҷޱ飬񽣺ɨһȦʥԣֱᵴȥ
۵ģѪˮŽҾŸ̫ϳϣһʱԺɣѪ
ûκζĻҶ񽣣ɱˡ
Ϊػս죬Ǿǵˡ
潻棬ҵˣػս˽ᡣ

Խ

Ĳҽдеնһھ̫ϳϵüģԷһʧ֮䡣
һĻʹһǿ߽ԱɫսһҲǲɵöݣɫɭɱ⳯Ҷȥ
ﬣ
ֻ̧֣ؽâתۼ佫ɱն顣
Ķ֣ҡ
ĵ
Ż䣬Уֺ½֯У޾ֻصԻؼ䣬嫵ֻع޵˹һʱ۶ͬʱǷ򡢰ⷨͲһԻһϣάʥ졣


2385 ᾡ
ϢƵֻغ˻ƣǡͲֲһάһ֣֯ϣҶɵΪ֮
֣̿Ťһ̣һжѹơ
һʱɫĿϣ̼ϳ⽻֯ŵĴǡͲ죬Ȼڼƿ񽫴ǡͲάҲһƿˣһˣƾеά
ܣ
һ̣죬ҵǿάɵ͵һ
һ˶ƿάάôܣδ˵
֮ǰֻƿѣɶ̶¶ѣһ첻ΪӴڴﵽ˴ڣǽǡͲҲƿˣ
ôõ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣһһǿҲɫķ
ôܣȻ
˵Ŀһ̶ϣ˶緲˼һ㡣
ǡͲάָǿֻҪƿһ־ͿɰάȻһˣȴƿУ
һļ̫ϳϣʱҶ֮ⴴѪһĻǸ󺧡
ΨҶɣ֮ǰѾ֪£û¶˿ȡ
ﬣ
е񽣻Ӷɵӿҵڰ̫ϳϡ
۵һһĲҽУҵĵڰ̫ϳϵը鿪δǱӶݶ
Ҷޱ飬𶯣Ƭ򻯽ܵ
͵ģռһıӿΪȷ
ϣ⣬˿˿ƵʥԻƣֻع˹⽻֯ǡͲάʣϾȥ
ǰ״̬ΪһֱǴڴڣδͬʱάڶ汦棬ӦˣڣΪﵽڣάУսԶԶǰɱȡ
ڵȻڶ汦Ҳ޾壬ѹƶԷ
ˣ
޾ֻع˹⽻ֻ֯Ӻ˴ٲͬʱԻϵÿһ䣬ֻؾŸѹ¡
ͬʱһΪޣͰⷨƻһУʱʵǷݻǧʵǳϰ˻ķ
ƥĹƣתۼ䵽ǰ
澪㤣ӭȴƣȫ߶ڶ汦ӭϡ
תۼ䣬ײһ
¡
ĿıûһУѪˮ汦Ǳĺɡ
棡
ңһĻһ˸
һ棬Ǵȡڶ汦ڶ汦һάΪ߶ԭӦѹ۷άǿ֮κ˲Ŷԣ񣬲ŽսôƬ̶ѣһڣȻͱˡ
䣡
ʥԶסΣ汦ԣ־ŭ
ȾѪˮ죬ɫѿ
ԤϵĲһ
ȡڶ汦ԤƣѹģǣΪȴڶ̶ڴﵽ˴ںƿеά򣿣
ӱ䣬΢˲˲ǰ
;㡭
ž
ֱ̧֣һϣ֮ɳȥԶ
澪ŭһȴһ⡣
ɱ
ŭ֮£άΪ汦ʥâ񱩹졣
ıûκα仯򻯿ʥâΪޣ򡢴Ƿ򡢺ͰⷨϹ֮ʮա
תۼ䣬һһκɣдĿѪˮƮ֮ϡ
ͬʱ̧֣нֻ֯ع⣬һץס߱еһ˱ꪡ
ˣ
ֻعڣΥϿرڵӡĨȥ
ܴӰ죬浱һѪ

ŭһڱͨҲһطһڱ¯¯ϱ鲼棬ٲȻҲһά
Ⲣûнڱ¯ɳ˫ַɿӡ̼ʹ֮ƵӡĻɱһɺɱ֯
գֻбڴˣ
죬һȫȫȫƥɱһжû
һɹ쫷磬ڣϵľ
ǰڷ趯ȴĮޱȡ
Уոնȡ۷ά𶯣һʱŽꪹ⡣
۷弶άʩչֻؽֻءˡǺͲȷһ𶯣֯һƬԵꪹ꣬ܺᵴȥ
һʱ䣬͵ϴҵĻɱ󣬳Ƭһһ顣
Ƶ֮ڵɱ˲ϢʧӰ١
ҡĻɱ
һǿ߾
ǵĻ󣬿ʼɱˣȴ˲ͱˡ
Ȼһļ̫ϳϣҲĿĺȻ
ܣ
һĵһ̫ϳ̲סгҲԸһĻ
Ȼһ̣һâն֯۵һͷ­ն¡
Ҷɣ񽣣һɨɵѹһС
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽҼ̫ϳΪ֮ǰά汦أֻܷӳڵʵޱƽ۷ƿдҶ죬ǸסһһεҶⴴ
̫̫ϳǣ
һһǿȻǿһĻȴûһ˸ǰʵҶԴ۶ɵ̫ˡ
¡
ϣʥ澪ŭ㣬ͨѹ죬һʼֵĮһоƿ֮еĸоʱѾʧһɶ
ĮˣֻأڳЯάжȡǱꪣѹޱߵĻԹơ
¡
ֻط˷򡢴Ƿ򡢰ⷨͲֿµһԻȫ֣ʥû˷
תۼ䣬һһοѪɣķ顣
̧֣رתֻع⽻֯ȥ߱ڱȫץأңҵǿά¯Ҳһеǰֻعû⼸άڣҵľӡת֮ȫĨ
һĻʹһǿٴδ
һǧȡڶ汦㱻ȫߡ
ڣһԼάҲһȥ
ɫѿ㣬Ѫ˿֯˳һʱԽ£޸ͬҰް㳯ȥ


2386 άŭ
ǧڱȡأȴ㱻ȫȥԼһά¯Ҳһ𱻶ᣬ澪ŭܵĳ졣
άεϢӿƺƵѹ죬תۼǰ
Ŀ䣬ֻ΢ֻǿĻɱʹó浱άϢһ˲ǱޱȻ
ֻһɲǣ濴걻һƬ޾Թ˺ҧ

Ͼάǿߣŭʥ󶯣ܿɱѡ
Ҳʱ˲Ƶһγǰһ޴еһʱ佻֯ͬʱҲֻӸ֣򡢴Ƿ򡢰ⷨͲѹܣѹ
ʥӿȻȴá
һ̣Ѳķӡ
ſϷ򣡷ſ
ͬʱ¶˾塣
ѹˣȫȴȫѲʩ
ֱ̧֣һȭڶԷĸϣʹöԷ³һھѪ
ͬʱڣһǿ߸
һһǿˣάһ̣ѹˣ
棡
һߣһļ̫ϳϾŭһĻ̲סȥ
ȻҲʱΪҵϢҶԵúܳĬеʧһֽ̧ӡһ֯˳
һϢ񵽼£תۼ佫⼸˸С


Ĳҽеһʱ䴫Ѫһһը
߸ɢȥұļ̫ϳһʧ
ȫ
̫ϳǡ
һĻʹһǿһξ
ǿļ汻ѹӺͼ̫ϳȫնô
ҶɨЩˣûٶ֣վһߣȴ촦档
⣬ֻغ˵ȸʥԻƣĿϣĮ
治ס΢ʱ򳹵֪Լľ棬ӭĮСֵܣһжŹϷ򣬷ŹңϷԸ
ž
̧־һƣ϶ԷĻڶԷʺָӡ
治ɵþŭ㡭
ž
췴һ⡣
漴ͶԷ˵ʲôֱǿûԷʶгԷҼԼ̫ϳϵȡڶ汦Ļ档
ٴζ֣ɵӿԷڣԷΪϵʹöԷת۴άεΪһͨˣϢ˲Ϣɢȥ
㡭ң
ΪϣΪˣʱϺ̱û
ǰһǸ߸ϵάһ̾Ȼͱһͨˣ
㡭㡭
סĲɲ˥ֵĶ졣
ôˣ
ĮһԵҶһĴйžȫߡ
Ҷͷ
ټ֮ڣûκ˿סҲûκ˸ȥԸ£߹һ䣬źķѰʱʱ䣬ҵĴйžԼԹۻɵҩĵرɱһһ
ʱطмֵı䶼ѾպãһĿռ䱦֮ڣ֮С
ΡΡ־ͬʱԹĶ죬ʱûпȥⱻߵļ̡Ϊ˰
һǿߣʱҲû˸ҿڣԭΪԼһڵȡڶ汦󣬿ѹõУҿɳưάȴû뵽񣬾֡
Ŀ棬ɨһˣʥ𶯣ڰʱ֮󣬿ӡһΧĴ󣬽ȫ֣ʹñ󸲸ǵ֮ڣûκ˿ߵĳȥ飬Ϊǿǿ׵̤롣Ź̶ʱ䣬һµʱ䣬ǻеɢȥ
Ҳɱ㣬ҽάˣôǡ
űϵ棬ĵּʶӻ֮ǰʶогġһȡڶ汦Ļ档
ͬʱҲˡάΪϡҼһ̫ϳϽԱնɱǿֻΪľ
һ֪ȡڱʹͷ׳޾ѣǰȥѾǧϵң֮ضи޹ѣȶУݣǣάŭ
ߡ
ɨ棬кҶ죬µĴ뿪Ҷȥ
Χסңֹ˳ȥǲ֮ˣȻԲӰĴҶ뿪֮ⷽɴڣɻһ£ֹ֮ڵ룬֮˽롣
ţЩʶӻյʱ䣬άͶ֪ͷΪζ󣬾Իڼ̵ʱ嵽ط
һ£µĴһʱ䣬㹻ά̤ƽˡ
δͣҶ뿪֧ͥǿŴǶȥ
ͬʱڴΪγľӻת۴ԶڲúάһһʿУʹάһʿŭ㡣

ңȻ˴
ά޾İΣɽӵȶȲڱļֵ
ά죬ټнٴηڣ֪µˣŭ㡣
׳Ѿȥʮյʱ䣬ʮûκʿסͷףѾгٶд̱٣ѾгǧѲдƬĽΪͷòƲ׻˷
һĻ֮Դ
֮Դҷų
ٴд̵ĻǧĲƬưܣΪң
ģɱɱɱǣҪһ壬ó
ŭ
ͷֲĴףûܵס֪ΪζάΪڱŭһһ̻ӱɢǿߴӸҳȥδȥʱ䣬гȺӵǿ߳嵽ҵ֮ŭɱ롣
㣬ǡ

ⱻ첼˴ڵ˽Ӳˣֻܱĵάһʿɱ룬汻ϵ£Ҽһ̫ϳϱɱ£Աŭά̺ʿǰǿֻʣǿߵңûܹסתۼһһնѪˮϵķɽ
λ롭ס֣ҵȽͣ
ͨϾֿڣһ̱ǱȺ֮޾ɱѹ䡣
裡𣿣֪˶ˣǧǧ򰡣ȺĶ
άɱһʿȺ𼤷ߣĿɱ⣬Ѫϴҡ

ά죬֧ͥĹǡ
Ҷ뿪ңʱѾص
ͷףڵˣ
ص֧ͥѯʸռά鱨һתɽ


2387 
׳ѾʮգȻûгȥԸͷףǶͷ׵ǰȴҲɺܹģϾͷɵӰ̫ˡ
Ѿнǧѣİٸд̻𣬴Ƭɽʧ
ѯʵɽ
Ĭ̶̶ʮգѾİٸд̻ǧ
˶٣վҡҡͷҶ콻Щº󣬽һŵչء
׺Уά£ȴʵûȥƷס
ˣ
չرУתֻľɫʥһƽ֯
Ҷڱ⣬ĬĬΪ

𣡡
𶯳գױۣ˫Ŀ죬βһ䣬١
ѪһըٲȻûʲôǻֻۣ֪Ļɱ¾֮ɽӻ棬޾ըһһѪ
ɶ񰡣
˭ܵ
ң
άһʿ־ŭֿ֣׸ɣǻĸԴһһѲûκ˿Եסǰϰ
תۣչȥʮգǧ
ⲢûнĿĵǰУҰеС

ά죬ҡ
֮ڣѪˮȾ˵رԭΡԻ͵ңһƬ档
ȻάǸ˷Ǹ϶ЩʶӡҲǸ£סңҵҡ
֮ϣȺʿվţƬάʿ޾ķŭҳ׻ٵˣնˡͬһʱ䣬ЩʿǱ˭ԼΪλôһŹִڶɻѰһЩǿߵʶ֪Сɱң棬߱ڱжߣЩʶӻ
ɴˣЩ뵽֪ά졮֮·ӡдԼڱɶ£ʱ򵱾촫
һֲ²⣬ЩȴǶϾлӴµˣΪǿ졣ңǵ¸֪άķʽ뽫ҷų֮¸֪άķʽߵķȫһ
ʹڵһʿɵ΢ʾάΪڷд֮µˣȻǴά죿
ͬʱУͬʱƿά£ЩʿҲһЩǿʶе֪˽΢
ά򰡣Ȼһˡ
Ƭά죬н磬ڣӦûĶ˰ɡ
ûˣûС
һЩ
ڵһʿĿ֮Ĵһµʱ仹δȥδǻٵңԼȴҲʱ޷뿪
ͷסʮ˿ڣǸˣ𣿡
˿ڣϣ˶ɵÿ˹Ŀǲɵһ
άнĵһǿߣʱ򣬴׳άܹһܹάϣôֻ졣
һĿ΢ܿ죬ֶǽȻȥ
ǰά飬øȣ˵άʱץȥūһ˿ڣǸʱȻǹⱻץȥվάάһ̬ȵչ֣ǣʲôʸôά˳˵Ը֣ͷ׵ʵܹסͷף
⻰һطһʿǳĬ
ǿЩѾһǿߵʶ˽⣬ڵΪͬʱƿǡ⡢Լ˵еֻأɱһάǿ߾쵽㣬ǵǰάнһˡ
ǣ֪ǿЩʿȴҲɲܹѹƵͷףʵͷֲ̫ˣɻУǻԴȪڡ
һʱ䣬طǰεĳĬ
һͷԵĴף˵ʵҲֵġ
̾
⻰һܣһſڣȴû˵ʲô
ܲԸϣǴĵʵҲôġ
άһֱôά죬Ϊά飬άİ֮ûκιϵûκκôΣգˣбҪðճ֣
ά죬עҪⳡƽ٣𣿣ˣ
ң

һʿɵҧŴ׵£뵽ҷųĴף뵽֮󻹻ϵѲһвɵ¶޾ŭ

ά죬֧ͥľ޴ǡ
ˣ
⴦֧ͥڣеһʮʥ
侫һǳٶ
ʱ䣬һš
תۣ¹ȥ
µУϢŨˣ봿۷Ѿǳ
΢˫ۣƤʱʱϡ䣬ƺһѪըĳƺʹ޲ҽеڶ߻صֹȥպͣ
˶٣Ա߳
׳ÿʱÿ̶޹ڲ޹أȴԾġ
Ҷһֱڱ⣬߳ӭһ˲󿪿ڣһ·ϣѾ߰ٶдʧѡ
Ϊػս֪ʱأΪģǴ׵¡
ȻһֱΪ커ȴһֱͥɽ׵£ԣͷ׵£Ȼ˽ķǳ
ĬѾнһڵȥˣ
ҳȥ¡
Ҷ֮ͥȥ
Ҷû˵ʲôĬĬĸȻµõʱҪȥʲô
ø

䣬һαʧ֮ͥڡ

䣡
⣬
׸ɣβҡѵأ֮޾־壬սս
𣡡
һ𣬹ˮƵֱʮɽ۳ʧ
ͬʱƬѣ̻Ѫ
ӣӣӰ
ʿ󺰣ȫԶߣĴףûκεֵ
𣡡
һХԴ׿дѪɫĻˣ羪κ˰ᵴȥ
һʿɿ챼ӣȴ첻Ѫɫˣת۾ͱȺѹǰ
ˣһȫ
ѪɫˣƲѹ䣬ʮա
Ҳʱ̶ХƵһɫԶնԼٿ켫Ϣתۼѹһ˽ǰѪɫײһ
Ȼ죬飬һɹɻ쫷磬ѿһƬƬա
Զ̤ת˲ͼƶΪЩ˽쫷
ߡ
һ˵
һʿͻȻֵ죬һǡ
ǰһ̣ӭѪɫĻˣѾȫˣѾĻ棬ȴǲ뵽һ̣쾹Ȼˣ˶


2388 ̴
죬άн磬Ȼ˲֪˲ʱһʿ죬Ȼ˳΢
ʱΣ֮ʿ˱ܱӣ˭ȥˣȴǣЩһ־⡣
𣡡
Х죬Ѫɫһγϯת֮ѹ䵽ǰ
̧֣ӿϴǷһһʥܣ˵¡
ߣĳ̶ޣǣס֪ͨ˾룬жԶӶԶ˵ƬĴЩǳȥ
һʿ΢Ƭľɫ֯Ŵȥ
׳άά޾ľ棬ЩȻûаϵȻƬأڣսԶԶȲͷףߵԺΣûκκô۴һǶȶԣȫûбҪ˻ˮǣȴˡ
Щȷʵ޹أάǷҲȫںǣ֪һֱڻƬص޾飬֪ÿʱÿ̶޹ڲվǲ̣Լƽԣվǳأͷ׽ǰ
սƷͷף¶ԷжΪǿģôΪܶ黻ʱᣬܶˡ
ﬣ
̶Ƭľɫգۼ䵽׽ǰȫڴϡ
ȻЩĽȴڵһʱ飬δ˵װְ
ⷴʹôױÿһ𣬹Ѫɫӿ
תۼѣµѪɫӿֱУ񷶼Ϊ֮ѡ
콫ʹǷ߶ǿǿ֮ܣǰ
Ѫɫײȷ֮֮ϣͲ
㣬㡭
һάʿɫ԰ף˶ڷͬʱҲ
죬άˣȴ֣άͷףǣͷ׵жΪǺƬ黻ȡʱᡣ
£׶ΣάûκȻǼͳҲڻرͷףɴάضȴͦ˶΢
ߣ
ͺȡ
Щƣʹһ˸ɵ͵һ
㡭㱣أ
·ɿĺˣٳԶȥ
֮һʿҲɿ룬ת۱ӳԶʧƬ
ƬһʱֻʣԼͷɴס
𣡡
׺Хӳ죬βҡ䣬޾Ѫɫзһĳ
ԲʹǷһֵӭѪɫУ岻סľжδԼϣȴҲʹɵһʹ
ͦɵģ㲻ʥ֮٣
άˣͷףȴһǣͷףֻΪάһЩˣɵԳЦһ¡
Ϊȫ޹صİȥðսһֱãֻЩʥͲŻȥ£һֱԼǾȥµģڣȴƺ¡
ɵɵɡ

һ̣΢۾ֺԻֻصƽ֯ۺֻ뿪˹ֻعһʱ佻֯˵̼űǡ
ͷ鷳һʱ䡣
Į
Ż䣬̼һ޴˳ӽ֯ڴͷϿգƺƵѹ¡
ͬʱУ޾ֻصԣϰͷֻؾ۶ɸߣʵһס
ת۶ѣ˳ӽûϰͷֻؾ޸ѹסһ֣аֻعӲͬķӿ
𣡡
׺Х𳤿ա
һѪɫĻ֮ϯȥһУ˳ӺϰͷֻؾޣȫһʱԻָһƬǡ
Ȼܿ¡
ͬʱ˺ֻأûйıʵȻȴǱ׵߽⡣
𣡡
һ𴫳ӳ죬ʱĿϣûʲôǻۣڹԼȴǱֳŭ⣬β붯һ졣
һʱ䶯ݣάоʥնһ㡣
£˿ɣۺֻ֮άͬʱչ֣ȫӭԷ

µȥȺʿʱѾӳȥ˺ԶͬʱҲ֪ͨˡ
Ǹˡ
һңңĿ֮ǰǸ򣬻ܸоǸطİܸ֮оǸطڲϵĺǣܿĻ棬ȴҲ֪컹ǣͷףΪάһȡʱᡣ
һάˣΪάͦǣƴףǡ
һ˿ڣ߬˫֣ʱȫˣɫȴԵúܲÿ
им壬
Ҫά֪׳ң˭ͦڻǣ
˵
һȺҧ̴һʶӻɿĳάȥȥȫ֮أҲά棬׳֮ʣ޾֮ʱ˻ֲ֮̿ʱֻ˳һǣ´ףԷɱ¾Ϊάİ޾ս
ܿ죬ʶӻһٶάһһʿС
ǸˣȻΪЩȫصİðս⣬
ά죬һʿˡ
һڴд̵ĽĬ

𣡡
ľϯʮڣ
⣬ǡ⡢˺ֻͬʱֻ֯壬ɨƬƬķɱ⣬һδιס
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ĺ磬һɹɵϯ
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
𣡡
Х񱩣ӳ죬βҡ𣬴ɱϢ
ȫֵתۼ䱻ɣѪˮԿɫ΢һЩڣ̵ϲɵ˼ѺۣѪˮתȾһƬ
û׳ôĿͷ

ʱ䣬ԷжԷǣƬѾʮߴⴴȻÿһ˵Ķ㼫أʲô˺ȴҲˡ
͵ĥ¼ˣ˵ŴţͻƵ۷ȥˡɸߵĴף
ƺоƣ˫Ŀˣ׿Ķ졣
о˾޴ѹһɫʥűøǿʢ
ͬһʱ䣬ϵĵ˻Ͱʥ֮⽻֯Զӿڴϡ
ԶգʿӸͬķˣˣʥŸˣˣ̴ˣһڵɢǿҲһˣת۱Ƭ
ɳǰٶȷǳ죬ֻһαǰ
ˣ
ǵѪϵѪˮŮ¶УͬĿڡ


2389 
ǡ
ɣ΢жݣֿһǿߣЩ⡣
ҡ񹬡ʥŸһڹϵĴдԼһڵɢǿߣʱ﹥ͷף£ʵЩԤϡ
ͬʱҶ죬ǧͥǿߣ֮ǰҶǲҪΪ̫Σգȴط
Сֵܴʴ壬ҵٹ
˵

ͷ
ǰһԴǰһȺʿǣͷףΪȡʱᣬ£Ⱥʿʶӻܿ촫ά죬ά̴гĬɢǿΪ֮Ĭ
Ϊάˣȴ׳ʹ޾ʱûһվηףǣάȴͦΪάս

𣡡
״Х𶯳ա
ѪɫĻ֮ŵˮư㽻֮֯һű١
Ϣ˵˼㡣
콫ֻ̼һֻӣƺƵӭѹѪɫԣͬʱǧͷֻؾޣӭס
ҵײϰ˻ģƬĿռֻӺֻؾӭףתۼǱ顣
𣡡
һХµϢӿʮ֯޾ĻϢ
ǰ˹ֻع֮򡢴Ƿ򡢰ⷨͲͬʱ֯άһάʥͼϡ
һĻʹط˽һ
ǡ
𺳣Ȼά桢桢ͰʥŸҲ⣬ϳά죬άȫƿˣ
Ŀ⣬һͬʱƿάʲôڹȥδ֮
ܿ죬һ˶ǷӦ죬Ϊάںʹ׼ʱ򣬿ɲΪͬʱƿάȥ𺳵ʱ
άҵȵɽӽҵػȴάСֵΪҵѪҵİ濪ڣוּһڷɳųҵʥԣˣСֵһսնͷ
ɱ
桢ͰʥŸԺȳͬʱһάΪһĵԱʥâƺƵĳŴնȥ
̴֮кһɢǿһһ֡
ɵ۴һս
ͥǿߴҶĴ³֣ͨһѹס
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵײطҡ񹬡ʥŸ̴Լһɢǿߣط˳ʮǿߣսǳǿʱһ֣ޱʥâһѹףǵȻ棬ʵЩˡ
Ȼ̫ˣһβ붯˲Ϣǽһж
ŵŵɵģֻƣʹþǳԶһǿ߱ĲϺˡ
ԭɫ˲ò԰
ģȻ£
ҧ
ʱ졢桢桢ͰʥŸάսǰÿ˶սˣһԶԶں֧Ԯһɱǿʢɾȴ׵ľͱ׸ˣң֮󣬽ֻײನʹǸˡ
𣡡
׺ХһƺƵѹ
ۺֻͬʱ΢𣬽֯޾˹ͺ嫵ֻعӭϣͬʱάһ۳άʥͼⲨ£ס桢桢桢ʥŸһˡ
ǷǸСֵϺˡ
̾
̫ˣǿάͷףҲʵЩ
ǰ˵Цˣʱطϵ飬˭˭ȵ˵

һʱһطһַͷףͬʱúο˵Щ˶ѪԵˣ£ǵս𲻵һ˿һãҲԲ˵Ϻȡ
⣬â֯ӿطʿϣֻһ˲ʹ˽һֻһ˲ѣʵ屶ҡ
һϣ
ȵʥâ𣬾ǰٴγ׷ҵĹϢˡ
һʿ߬˫֣ΪĹϵʱսսҲűǣȺֶһ֣ͨϵĺޡ
ʥӿﲻϼճƬըѣسƬĳ̮
׸ɣ˫죬β붯ɱ֮⽻֯һС
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵײάǿһˣΪףޣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
պøưܣʮǿߣȴ⣬˸ʥɿݣһʧȥս󲿷˼صˣ˻ȾѪ
ˣ
һζһڴǰԶЩ
طֻսֻǿǣסͷµĴס
İ´ʮʿˣֱ˳ɶԶͣ¡
𣡡
׺ХȾһЩѪռ䣬ʮ˵ĹЩˣȴǷǳ΢˿һζס죬޾Ѫâɱѹ
ۺֻͬʱ𶯣˹ֻع⣬һŴӭϡ

ά죬һƬڡ
ܣɽʣľһŻ´ɺͼ˴̤ľ
ά죿
˫ۺľ
ǵɴˣά죬κεط֯ž˵ʥϣǵҪ߳
ľӦ
֮ǰ콻ĵرɵҩάȥǣһֱάصʮͥڣֱһ죬ºɵ̤άһ𷵻ء
ɵͷȻоеʥǳŨάڼѰȸߴȵܡ
澪ˣ
ǿ֯ŵܺ͵ǵأѾǴԪĲˡ
˸п
С̫Ͱ׻ڰգڴܣжǴžâ
ǵΪΪľȥɵҩĵرĹϵѾﵽתΣڼ̵ʱһǳ˵ɱ䡣
۾ʼպ֪ڸľϣȥҡ
ɡԱߣºڣʹɺĻϣĿһĺͣңңĿάص򣬸֪һ㣺ʱۣȥ

䣡
Ѫɫ˺ƵϢֲޱȡ
βҡһУС
⻷޾ʥԣһζӭԷʥâ򲻶ϼ
սӦһά۷ǿ߶ǶͷףȴԵúѿ˵Է
£ͺˡ



2390 ֻؽ
ά֮Ϊ쾳̤ޱƽ쾳֯ޱȴɱΪɱ¾̫£ʹҲʵѹƶԷ
ˡֻءǡͲַսβףɵ뵽¡ʱΪֻضɽսһ췭ظı仯ʱ򣬾ԿԽͷѹ
𣡡
׺ХβһҡĻѪ˷ʼͷϿۡ
һ΢СĻԳ漴Ѫӿ򽥽ԽԽ
ϢʼƵңɿıǿ
һĻʹԶһʿɫ
Źĸ֣һɺ˵ɱ¾Ϣѹʮ񷶼ھ
죬ˣ㣬Ҳһ
ߣ
ͬʱ󺰡
ʱȻǵһʱо˴״˿̻۳Źж£ǸоǿһһƬ׻ٵһ㣬˲в
Ȼıȴûб仯ûκҪ˱ܵ˼
ʱˣΪһˣ⡢ɺһˣԶ˲
ǿֵȻԵĹ򣬵ɵȴԵס
ˣ
ɫʥԽ֯ǿֻľתޣַŷڣһ̽ǰս߶ޡ
ҲʱԶŤһռŻһȺӰ̤˳
ϤϢһʱӿĸ֪Уʹƫͷ￴ȥ
°ʤѩɸԱߣͰһС̫Ͱ׻ƮڿУҰ

˫и֯оȦʥƣʱշ֯ϣϲĳ֡
أΥļԼĸףԵúܻϲȻע⵽ϴŲˣԼͷףǶݣ˰ʲô
̤άת˲䣬¿򣬽֪ʱۼʱշԳԽάٶȣܿﵽ
СӣǸʲôͷµĴףо˴۳ǿѪĿ£ǵۣ⿴ȥܲ
ԱߣͰҲɫʱȻܸоǴ׵Ŀֲ
ô£
ʱ򣬼ŮӼΪƵģΪǰһĻĻɡ
޷ʱôúǺ⣬иˡĿϣ¡
ǰһţ´ʱͺˣһ̣ľˡ
оʵľϲ
µͷǰһĻûʲôʱҪʲô
ǧѩʼǰһʱ͵ĵƮ
ķâһƮϴسס
һ˲䣬΢ڵֻضȵӦʹֻرԴ̹âţ˵ľ˲Ϣ䱩ٱ֮ࡣ
ƬأһΪϢҡƺһ̾Ҫ̮
Ҳʱ۵Ļﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȣֱаңһХβڶ䣬޴Ļѹ졣
ֻתۼѣŻԵѪɫѹǰ
ʮգ˲ȫ𣬾þԻָ
񱩵쫷磬һɹɵľ𣬴ǰĺڷ
ӭȻһ̣Եޱƽ΢̧ͼԻ
ʦֵ˷ħһУڴ˿̼򵥵ĵǰ
¡
Ѫɫڣײͼ֮ϣ΢΢һ˲󣬾ֱ
һĻʹԶάǿߣһɫ䡣
ŵǿŻѪǼͷԷͷųֲĹ֮ǰӦǴͨЩǿ죬ͷֲĹһΣȴ׾ٵľͽ֮
ڵϢ֮ǰȣȫһˣǡһˡ

ͷ˶٣Զѵ£ƺĵйء


ɣʱҲµˣͻȻı仯Ǻȵйء
֮ǰѾע⵽ͻȻֵ£һ̣Ʈʹսǣһ췭ظı仯ǵĿֱֱϡ

ૡ
Աߣɿ£
һάڶ飬һάһ飬һֱԼɫòžԵţԶԶĿ£ǶڵһʱˣһԲλĸо¼䣬ôˣ
һ̣ͬΪŮӣȴ˲Ϣ䱻סˣԶԶĿ£Ұе£߱˿覴õգǾ߱ݵʣǵĸоǷ·Ͳǳˣӡ
ǡ
ԶԶĿ£ֿһλϵ죬ŮĿⲻɵò
ͬһʱ䣬طάһʿҲɵóԾס
ƣһֻͣضɽ˿˿ƮƬռ䡣
ȵûκӰ죬ԣȴʥ˵ȵĴʱﵽһΪ˵ĵز
𣡡
׺Х˫죬βҡ֮䣬һ֮ǰĻѪɫ
һΣѪ۶ٶȱ÷ǳ죬תۼ仮һֱҵĹǵȻԵЩˣǵȻϢƺĥС
ӭȻԹȴʼպƽ
ϵ˲޸ֻһ۱ͳ޽ǰ
ûиӵĶֱ̧֣һȭѹ¡
ɸߵĴףɰһСȻһȭȴʹô׾һɳȥǧɶԶгƬѪˮⷽϣǵȻԹҲŴ׵ĺɶɢ˿ȥ
һĻʹһ˸ͷף֮ǰôֲɨУһ̣ȴ׼䱻һȭǧԶȱ仯̫ͻأˡ
ڣս
𺳣֪ʱ򣬲Ǵױˣǿˣ֮ǰȣǱһˡ
𣡡
Զ׺ХվѪâɱøˣñ
һƥѪâ֯ƺƵŵĺ
̧֣Ƭֻؽն׼ȷĻС
漴һ۱ǳڴͷϷһɵֻͼ֯Ƶƥֻֻ֮֮֯⣬ǡ
׵Ҫֻͼѡ
ȻֻͼȻĲϻζȴʼղɢȵĽ֮ѹ·
ֻͼתֻعⱩǣƥĹԽ֣֮תۼ䳹׵Ľ֮
ֻ̧֣ͼѹ䣬ź嫺ϣʹô϶ʱһѷ죬ѪˮסٲȻǺܿҪս
һ̣һ˲ֻͼѹƺͣ
ɱ㣬á
΢䣬ֻؽڻֻع⣬ϵҲŴֻͼ֣ವһֻؽڡ


2391 㲻ʵ
β׺ǿǳֲңڽսĹ֮У췢һ㣬Ǳǣ뿪ķӡԽؼ޾ɱϢɳȴ󲿷ͨʥʱҪǿϺܶ࣬ôֱӽ֮ɱһЩϧ
룬ʱԷѹֻؽ֮ڣֻ֮ط򣬶ԶԷԿƣʹԷһЩǺǻۣԶԷΪάͥػޡ
طл˿˿ƵĻϢ֯ռȴ
ʧˣ
ǣͷסѹˣ
Զάһʿ΢㶣񣬶һʱ˷
ˣѹˣ
ǰЩӣ׳άûκ˿ɵ޾ѣƬɽƻʱͷֲĴȴǱѹˣѹˣ
άİһ̵Իָˣ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼϣд𺳣Ÿм
Ϊǿ𺳣Ϊѹͷ׶м
ûѹͷףǼֱ룬̫ˣ
ɼβױѹѾ£ʱ˹ȥһ¾͹ҵϣ˫ģҶľ˵˺ö£̫ˣ
ľķԸ£һɵҩĵرȴʮͥͬʱȻҲɵ˽֪Ĺά£һҴڴﵽ磬ԴΪɱάƿάάɵ֪Щ¡
С
ɵԴЦŵ
Ҳʱ´żˣǰ
Сӣ˰
ҲǴľ֪ά£ĵ
ǿı̬
ѽ
׻С̫Ⱥ󿪿ڡ
λڵĺأ
ƮһŮǰһͷ˳ĺڷ
쿴Ůӣһ£Сϣ⡭
ǰŮӣߺ²࣬Ϣȴûб䣬òҲûб䣬ȻϲϾ顣
ֻǣǰϾ飬߿ǺʮһĺӲģȴǺǰһˡ
˼Ҳ᳤ô
ϾЦĵ
ǰ߷棬ʼǸӰ㣬ԴйأҲ꿪ʼеĹڰԵ̫նйأΪﵽתΣеһжã߱˳̶ȡ
ƯˣЦã
ĺƯģ
ꡢѩҹҲȺ󿪿ڣ֮ǰͼϾ仯ģҲɲʱ
˿һأһֱϾߣɵĺܣϾĸ첲Щֿ죬ƯĴ۾дĳݣֳάһʱܰάأ
άһЩ£ȻҲǶ֪ˡ
УС
Ц
漴£ߵǰ
ǰһ̻룬ҪͺˡЦ̫ˡ
һ죬µ϶ͷû취ֻߡ
¶ЦԵú᣺ܰﵽͺá
æˡЦ⣬ʣҲΪ׼ġ
û˵ʲôϵЦȴŨһЩ
飡
ȡЦ
̧־һ£Ц˵ʵ
һڣһЩ£ֱȥʱ䣬ĵĲʱ˲˹
СֵܣǶлˣ

άԣĶ飡ҲڣûСֵͦǲ룡
λǰˣҲһڳ֣ѹǴҺĽ

⻰һ治ɵöǿЦǴҺĽ
Сֵܣǫ顣ʵ˵ҵҲСֵܵӰ죬СֵͦҵȾԶֵǴףˣʵʲôãʲôҲûУǸСֵ˺ȣ滹ʹСֳֵܷһЩʥǣѹףȫСֵܵĹ͡˵ţ˶٣µҪ˵˵ĹͣӦþλˡ

ʥŸͷҲԱߵ¡
׳¾ά޾ѣһʼûκҪȥֵ׵뷨Ǿ˱ܣΪͷֲ̫ˣɵС֮ȫΪֵĹϵ
ά죬ΪάİͦʱоޱԲط
ȫûκãһֱǰֵףѹǴףǶ֪µĵžԵĹϵ
ԣҪ׵Ĺ˭ô⣬ֻˡ
ЦҶˣȻˣͶйͣ⹦ڴҡ
аǣȴӲ԰
˶΢ɵöǸп
Сֵܵؽʵҵ壡
п
죬ΪȻֻǴڴսȴάһˣά˿ɵһͬʱƿ⡢ǺͲά򣬿ƹһˣΪȴǫѷϹŶһʱпࡣ
죬ǡ
ԣʱ򿪿ڣ죬ЩԵĿ¡
ԱߣҲ졣
ӣ¡ЦԱߵɣǵŮɡ
΢ɾĲ£۵һ˿˿ʧ䣺ԭѾŮ˰˶٣ºɣǡƯ
ûпڣɫ仯Ҳǲ࣬۵ҲǴһ˿ʧ䡣
濴ŸһʥŮ飬ǲɵð̾Ϣ
ϹŶῴԵĵӺ˶һЩر㺣֮ǰ챻׷ɱʱǾͶ֪ˡʱ֪£ǶϣԼĵӺͺܹߵһģΪ۴һǶȶԣǶޱ⣬ãؼ䣬ͬûܱȵ졣
ǰﶼǾãǸԵӺͺ˵ȻԶԶ޷ȣȴϾάĵһ͵ڶ飬ܹߵһĻӦǱȽϴģڼ֮Ҳû뷨
ǵĵӺ˶㣬ɫûǣܹȥȣ
ҪǵĵӺͺ˷һ±ȣǾͷ·ǸµĲࡣ
۴պʣǵĵӺͺˣ޷±ȡ
ڣȻµŮɣǵĵӺͺˣҲԶԶȲϡ
Ѿµ죬ǵĵӺˣܲĽȥûܡ
ڿ̾ϢͬʱЩΡ
Ϊλôˣ
¿Ķɵı麬壬ȴû˵ʲô
ͰҲö΢۾졣
㲻ʵ
죬Сĵ
죺


2392 С
ԼŮĻûҭס
Լﲻʵˣ
Ҳûзʲôֻ̧ɵԴ
βޱѹ£Ѿˣ˼򵥵̸һЩ£漴𣬴µ뿪ͥڵǿŴǶȥ
Ҷһɱɽһͥء
һʱ䣬طֻʣ桢桢Ͱʥˡ
˶ȥʧķ򣬸п
ά죬ά˸ˡ
ɿ뿪ķ򣬶ЩеʧŨˡ
Ƕر㺣ڼºһʱ䶼ˣǺûκһ˿ĿܣͲ岻ȥ
濴ŸԵĵӺͺˣ໥һۣ̾Ϣ
߰ɣȥ

طƬĽưܣһлϢһˣȥ

µˣʱѾ뿪˺Զ
ˣʦأаͷأ
¡
άģֻ¡ͰŮԼС̫Ͱ׻ľλʦδҲû
ֻ㣬ʦǺˣʱ
µ
ʱ뿪άʱ£ǱѰصһɵҩĵر˶ﵽתΣʱĥ¼
ΪԼĸףԣɵˣС̫Ҳ죬׻ϤҪά쿴ʱǾһˡ
ʦµʱأֻʥģǧ飬Щȴٵάεĳ̶ȣǵо˵İ
ɵ
֪
Ц
ڵάǰʱȻ֪ʱķǷΪˡ
һ·ţú֧ͥڵǿŴ֮ڡ
άҲҪͥҪͥά
ʵ
ͷЦŵԵĻͥһ·άȥ
ͥһֿԣȻǷǳشģһӡԣȻϣܽͥԽԽǿ졣
ǣʲôʱάǵͥһЩԱ
Ȼ֧ͥȴδά죬άн磬δ֪
ʱЦɵԴǣǰҲûʲô£Ƕˣһתһתάأ
Ƿֿһ꣬ȻⲻܳʵҲˣʱһټûʲôر£ţһ𣬵άתת
ڽͥά£ļƻ֮
Եġ
Ц
Ǿ߰ɡ
Ц֣кɺͼǣڸջͥú󣬱뿪ά䡣
ά죬ֻ޾ǳһƬ嫵ĴɣάѾһʱ䣬ά죬ѾǱȽ˽ˣһºǣάһſǳ߹Ĵ磬򵥵һЩտĽ䡣
ʱȥάһЩ֮ͨأ˺ܶͨˡάͨ˶ԣάͨˣǿûκεΪ磬ϢȴǷǳĲ
Ȼʦ˵һأͨˣҲ߱ʶս
С
ԪϵĲ࣬ȷʵܴ󡣡

ʵҲһμάͨˣ֮ǰѾϾƹ֪άͨҲپ߱ʶսɾǧԪۼȴǲɵΪ֮п
ȸпҲֻһ˲ѣ漴ط
ͬһʱ䣬άڣͦѹ´׵£ʿܿ촫ά
ǡάǸ˾ˡ
ά죬н磬޾ʿ߬˫ȭɵ˸
άĶͳңΪڱų׻飬׳ά˿ɵ˸죬һάˣȴͦΪ˻άս󽫴ѹ¡
ȶԱȣε
ͬʱǺεȷ̣
ǰǿά飬ΪԼ˱ά߳ȣȴǱάˣ˸о
άص˿ʼʡǰά죬Ĵ
죡
ά죬һʿɵö֣صĵô֡
άĶˣ
֣άʿļ䡣

ʱ䣬һȥºǣйάĸ䡣
߹ĵط඼̱Ƚϡ٣һǼ򵥵Уоʣܰ
֮󣬺ܿչȥһ߹һƬɽںһǿʢϢ˵ľǿ˲٣Ϊﵽ˴۷塣
Сӣ⼸ûôͻȻͻˣ
ۡ
ʱһȫǼ򵥵棬ûκʱȴͻȻӴڴﵽ˴۷壬ʵЩ졣
ͰˣҲ졣
ҵĻѾˣ㲻ؼܵҲӿڴʹΪ˵ǰЩˣȻʲô֮ǰҾ;봿۷ûԶˣںͷһսĹУȻˣҲ˲ջֹȥȻʹﵽ˴۷塣
⻰һһ˶ʱԶݡ
ΪҲ׻һ̬ʿô

˫۷Ź⣬Ŀĳݡ
ЦЦãá
֮ºǣ򵥵йά䡣
һۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬ºǣ»ط֧ͥڡ
ص֮ͥڣҶ죬һЩ£Ҷһɱɽȥɣ⴦֧ͥʥǳŨ
һʱ䣬Ϊݻάƿ¡
ǵ
ͥطʥΪǷһԼһ߷ΪһݻǡͲάεĽȥƿǣԼǵĸãƬռڽ֯һһƵĻʥԡ
ˣתۼ䣬ʱȥ
Уƿزˣ
ۡ
ѽ
С̫Դ
̫ˡ
Ͱ˶ҡͷҲ⣬µʱ䣬άεļԷȴԴַ˿
ºʱ˿˿Ƶǹ⽻֯ԵЩ΢
ʹǰ΢¶Ц
С£
ѧǰϾµĳƺ
µʱ䣬֮£ʱƿ˴Ƿ
ȻЩǿȴȷȷʵʵƿصˡ


2393 һ
ǹ⣬˿˿ƵĽ֯ͰҲ¶ɫ
½㣡

أ
ɴ۾
ʱ䣬Ϊάһ˿⾳δȫףȴµʱƿص˴Ƿ̫ˡ
ЦǹŨȻԴǷƿڽ졣
쿴£᣺ǼСҲά򡣡
µʺ̫ˣµʱƿ´ǷţάӦҲܽƿصС
Ҳ򡣡
ɺͼǵ
ͥʥΪˣΪһά
ˣʱһΣתۼ䣬һȥ
䣡
һ죬⴦֧ͥϿգһ޴н֯ͥһʱ䱻УԵϢƺƵ£ҪŹǶ
⣬ǹ⽻֯â˸нâƺ͹ⰵҲһͬʶһڿ־;㤡
ã
лһĨտտ
һʱ䣬άȺ򵽴ǡ𡢰άƣһ̤뵽󾳣١
¹ǡ
׻һ¡
ѽ
С̫Բۡ
һʱ䣬Ƕѧϰǣûκһ˿ջ񣬶£ȴǶ̶һʱڣάȫƿˡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ʲôԪϵĲࣿλǰνĴԪֱһ㡣
˿Һ
άҲ֪˲٣Թ⣬άϿɴûͬʱƿصάƿصһά򣬾άڣ㹻춯ˡȴȫƿˣңһھƿˡ
УʵᣬΪʵǾάˣԪϱҪά߳ܶ࣬ȷȷʵʵά飬Ȼȴ׾ٵĳԽԹά飬νĴԪֱ硣
Ȼȡȳɾͣں̶ܴΪһɺܾˣţά飬Ҳ¡
Ͱ˸˫ۺµĳݼֱҲڲס
ѽ̫ҫˣɵƤŮҲ̫ġ
˵ţнâ֯Ҳâƶ

쵭Ц
ŮȻȲ£ȴҲԼΪɫƿ²һҲ⣬Ϊһ͸ӦάϢ
˹ȥ§ɣ־ϲǼҵСɣѽ

ѩҹҲޣʵǺûʧ
ЦģȻȲϵףٻЩʱ䣬ŮҲܽάȫѧᣡ
Сһеģ
ҲͷɵĻһҲɡ
ϾɿǼ̳µѪƿάʱ
̲סۣһҪ죡
׻Ҳۣͬʵڲ֪˵ʲôˡ
쵭ЦԼıŮܳ硣
µĿᣬ˶٣ϵɢȥɽ١
֧ͥɽ٣Իʹطֱӱٵ
֪һʵĶɽٵء
Цºɵ뿪ط֧ͥúŹǵһƬǳտĻĮ֮С
طԲڶûκ飬ǳʺ϶١
ֱӷſϢ׷ѹ¡
¡¡ģһһĽ䣬ֱʱɢȥ߲Ƹ̤Σȣһɱ䡣
ѽܾײøǿˣҲøˣ

Ц߻أɵԴᡣ
ȻҲǴЦµڸˡ
Ż䣬¡һը죬һ޴н֯ʹոջָĿռ䣬̼Ǳû谵ԵϢǵض¡
ȥһʱȻ󲿷־ǷΪºάϣȴҲǷһЩ˼ǰͿ̤άʱȴṳ̂ȥֱʱƿάҶȹ췣̤ά֮ڣһά׷
٣塭άСӣ㡭
ۡ
һʱ䣬ά򣬴ת۷̤󾳣ȴǴӴ۷̤άУһֱΪάģ̤뵽ά
Ҫʿô죿
׻Ż쾪ûƢˡ
ͰȻҲԾΪٶȣֱ̫ˡ
쵭ЦǾԭص̤Զά췣
¡
ά׷ֲǳһһ£Ҫһж
ܿ죬ʱȥ߰ٶʮ׷ѹ䣬ⳡάٲɢȥ߲Ưд߲ϼⴹ䣬֡
߲ϼмΪ˵ΰתֻľĬĬΰ֮άΪֱȥ߲֮Ʋɢȥ
˫֣һĸоԼı仯̤ά֮սһ췭ظı仯֮ǰǿ̫ˡ
ʱţȥԸ̤ͷףԲ˿ּ̧Ϳѹ
ά֮󣬺쾳쾳쾳άʶڷţԼĻôﵽ쾳ſ⿪ϵطӡ
ĻȥǿᣬǿΪ֧ţſ𲽽⿪ķӡ
ವƿ𣬼Ͱȫ˹
̫ǿˣģ
ɱĸ첲۳ݡ
ЦɵͷкµȻᣬܿ»ص֮ͥڡ
֮ȥҶصͥЩ¡
еһĨ΢⣬ЦŶҶ죺ˡ
һ죬кº뿪֧̤ͥά磬δȥãһƬ嫵ĺ̤뵽Ƭġ
ȥһ޴ɵʣϹľһɵ֮ϣԻ͵㣬·һ΢͵ʥ硣
ǣ
˶ݡ
һЦάͥ塣
ȥһʱ䣬ΪԼάǰҶǧͥɱɽȥһҪ£Ǽ±Ǵάͥ塣
Ϊ򣬺׽֯೬ʥǳˣ߱￪̵ң߱Ϊӡףãźܲ壬άͥطǳʡ
ƬУ֮ǰβ׳ʱѾ٣ǰɵҶʩ¶ҶһɱɽԲѣܼ򵥡
֮󣬺ķһʱ䣬Ҷǧɱɽɵ֮ϲãطάͥأ׵Ľá


2394 άͥ
Ҷ촦۷壬ǧɱɽԴתΣôһȺǿߣķһʱµάͥ壬νǺΰΪˡ
ڵԶԶĿŵϵͥꡢѩҹ˽Ϊ⶯ݡ
̫Ƿˣ
̫׳ˣ
ߣȥ

¡ꡢѩҹ桢ϾϦǣܿٵϡ
ɵ۴ˣ´ˣˡ
ϣǧתɱɽ֮ͥ⣬˳֣ͬʱ
ö񡣡

ͣһɽض񣬶ºɵ̤ͥڡ
̤ͥеʥһʱ÷ǳŨǿʢ˺ܶ࣬ȻҶһɱɽжͥĴ


Ҷǧǿߺʱһ꽨õάͥ壬ȷʵǷǳ׳ΰ
ھά죿µͥԱ
׻ʵ
ꡢϾˣҲ졣
һЩ¡
Ц
һ죬ͥڣάΪͥһһǿɱ󣬽άȫ֯У쾳û
ͬʱʩչͥĺײ󣬽ʮȫ㵽֮ͥ£ʹͥڵʥʱԼʽǿ
ȥ
кºǣͥȥҶҲں档
ͥһǳտڣԲʮң¡ֻؽڻеβԽڷų
β׸ɣʼһֱǽ֯һɱһʮռҡ񷶼˶ݺݵĲ£ƺһ̾Ҫ̮
Сӣòѹɶ
ۣͷ׵ȷʵǺֲܿ
𣡡
β׺Хɱ𶯳գһ̶ס¼ˡ
Ѫɫɱˣһʱ䳯һѹ
;ƬĿռ̮
ɱˣͷϿգһָѹڴͷϡ
βȣС˼㣬ǣһָѹβͷϣβȴǵԶֱӱǱѹˡ
ŴףУֻܼصƸֻص΢һĨĨ΢⣬̼ʹô׾ͫ΢Եޱȳͫףһ˿
콫ѹڴͷջأе޾ֻصƣҲɢȥ
β׾޴ͫײٳ죬ԼɳС죬޴ͷ­̽˹ȥ˶٣СĲ졣
һĻʹͰ׻˸ݣҲЩɫ
βף֮ǰǰ㱩壬ȴƺһͷº͵ĳ㡣
ϣβ׵ԴСһЩպ󣬲⹥飬;طػԺļҡ
ֻһѾԶԶǸյάʱȣǿ̫̫࣬ţֻΪβ׿ǣͬʱһֻ֮ͷޱƽ쾳β׽ȫһ˿һų⡣
βȻöĻ˵˶ͷ­ܿСҡ
պάͥػޡ
һ˵
βؼ޾ۻ֮ǳǿޱƽΣǰά죬ȴ֮⣬˿ѹƣ֮⣬βά޵еĴڡ
ңβ׿ؼĸָɳȺܶʥ鶼ҪǿʱܾˣάͥάھԿһʧ
⣬ôһͷֲĴڣڣͥػޣǡ
ľһɱɽļ˷ܡ
һͷػޣά֮ڣԹֻͥаɣ
̧֣һά⼶ıɳûͥΪͥĵͬʱ߱Ǳ䣬Լ֮ǰҴйžɵҩԼǿȣŷɳûͥڡ
ЩΪάͥĵ̡
ԭаάģ߱һңֻ÷һάͥĶºͼˡ
ͬʱǱҵĴйžǰҲǿ
ˡ
һУвɵһĨ΢⡣
ˣͥĴá
죬άͥʽάɱɽҶ辪޵ʣǿʵֻҪ壬Կͥ
Ҷͷһɱɽ뿪֮ͥάͥΪɵۣɱɽ
תۣܿ촫˿ȥʹάΪ֮ڡ
ͥǸ촴ģ
Ǹͬʱƿάƿάƿд˵еֻأһǰһΪάսףѹͷ׵ˣ
άнΪ֮ʿͷ󶯡
ˣҪ룡
Ҳȥ
ͬʱƿάˣƿش˵еֻأһѹ׻ά޾飬ܹǿߴµĴУұʿң
άڣ䣬һһʿҶ˵󣬽Ϊ֮ȸԾһԼٶȳ
ȥһʱάʵ̫ʢˣתΪ׻ɱǿߣͬʱƿάƿˣƿ˴˵еֻأնɱάάΪ֮η
Щһǰͦսβ׻ά޾ԡʲôάһʿ첻ΪǿʵɵģΪػάΪ֮羴
ȳ羴άصһʿ֪촴µͥк󣬸һûɵɢޣϣܹ뵽֮ͥڡ
ͬʱάڣҡͨʥŸĸͳҲǶ֪£еͳ̵ĸ߲㣬¶â
ˣǰͥأ
άĶУصޱȻԻͣڳϵˣǰ񣡡
ȥ򣡡
ά죬һһĴ̴Уڵĸ߲ͬʱˣǰ

򡭡
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿһһʿάصĸط
У²ǰڵͥӭʿ
ӭλ
ڵ
һ죬ά֮ڣһ̴ǰأʿĽǰ룬ƬټΧ˸ˮйͨάʷǰĳʢ
һ죬Ľάʿֻͥһյʱ䣬άͥͥԱʹﵽ֮֮࣬ͥڵľ޴䳡ϡ
˰ͦأ򣬽Կ죬нǴ㽺ͼ֮⡣
ͥӵܣ
ӭǳΪͥһԱκδжбضͥҲ⣬ͥӵܣؼ¼㡣һ¼ɱɽ쿪ڣ֣ࣺһͥӣֹͬУͥϳͲڶͥӣֹͨ˳֣ͥϳͲ̼ǿͬʿشȻ޶赽ͷϣãٱ
ʮͥʱµͥԱء
Ż䣬ȫſԼΪάΪչͬʱֻط˷򡢴Ƿ򡢰ⷨͲһԻ
ȴͽȻչʵ
Ե¡
µͷԻǡͲһ֯


2395 ռ
⡭ǣ
ͥڣɢϢ½֯ķ˽Ǳɫ
Ȼҡ񹬡ͰʥŸĴ󶥼ͳҲ𺳡
Ѿﵽά
濴죬ͫ׽ǲɵ͵һ
һǰ컹ֻǴڴڶԣֻȥһʱ䣬ӴڴﵽάΣٶȣֱ̫ˣ쵽㣡
ͬʱĸͳά棬ʱҲΪ¶𺧡
Ҳά򡭡
ƿάԼֻ˵£ά֪ԣչֳάԼֻ˷ǲ⣬ǣȴ뵽ȴͬʱƿά⣬¾Ҳάһƿˣ
һͬʱƿά˳ˣңάض
⼸ά𺳵ͬʱЩˣά飬ѵʵϱάǿϺܶࣿ
ɿ£ĿⲻɵþҵĲԵøӵȻʧˡ
֮ǰǾµʽԲǿȣʵϣǻԺ±ȣȴǷ֣ʵϣҲԶԶ磬صĲ
Ϊʲôˡ
ૡ
աʡʵ۴һ涼κ覴ãʱһָĴܸСǰԼѾˣ񣬿£ȴǷ֣ԼʲôҲ㲻ϡ
û˵ʲôֻǰ̾Ϣˣʱ޷ȡ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ͥڣص𺳣ΪΪҲͬʱƿάһڴ̵ˣԲɵ
ͥ䳡ϣ¼İɱɽҲ𺳣Ŀ
ͥͥӵܣһͬʱƿάеάʲôάĸܺͥȣ
ɵ۴ˣ´ˣ
ɵ۴ˣ´ˣ
ɵ۴ˣ´ˣ
ͥά쿪Ȼ֮ǰѾǽܹ£һ̣ڵɱɽһк϶Ǵڵļ˷ܡ
һ죬ʢ
ص̳Ա⣬ɢޣȫͥ
ֻһռ䣬ͥΪϵάһУ
Ҷһʼͥǧɱɽ¼һڳԱͥ򣬽Щ³Աư٣µ˸лص̡
һҹͥڴϯΪάͥʽףҲΪлǰصά̴С
ֱʱһ̴вȺ뿪
죬һЩɽά콨һЩ֧ͥһЩԱɸ鱨ԼԴ
һգҶ
κһ̣籦ҩճģЩȻҪ׬ȡԣ⣬Ҫ֧Щ֧˾ְɰ˷鱨Լ׬ȡԴȡ
ҶͷһʱǶͥǧͥԱһµʱڣάĴܹٴ֧ͥҲĴ޾ǳڣҲһһ֧ͥ
󣬴ͥԱ䵽Щ֧ͥ䰲£˾Ҫְ
άͥӷٵķչ̶ڣ㳹졣
Դˣ찵ԵͷȻǷǳ⡣
ʱ䣬δºһάת¡
ºһ죬׼ǰάˡ
άΪ˺ͨά֮š
ά֮ϣضάʥŨʺȥάΪԶȼάҪĸ졣
ҪŬʵһ򵽾άȥ
Ķʦʦĸףھά
Կ϶ά֮ϵǷʲô£ʦʦ͸ĸףھά֮ϽսҪǿ͸ֻأȥάϲս
ţעⰲȫ
µ
һ֪ڴά֮ͥͻǰά
ΪҲҪȥάĸ׺ʦʦ
ȥά죬ıǿӶĵϾά졣
ͰȻҲ˽⣬̿ڣȻȻǳ򵥣ⰲȫ
Ȼ򵥣ĹȴǷǳŨ
ףʱڳưά㹻
Ц
ͨˣάΪά죬˵ưάΪҪάﵽά֪άǾ͵úķ޾£ܸʹﲻ͸Ҫ˵ǳưάˣȫ˵λ
ȻȴٲȻһˣػչ¶Ǳܣãڴﵽά֮ȥʱڳưάأǻĲλʵֵĿԣ˵޴

Цû˵̫ԡ
Ͼδά£˵塣
ү㣡

үҲ㣡
׻ڡ
ѽ
С̫ĿڣٲȻǱźԼ׻һ˼
ͿɻûΣȴûлûһֱ̬
̬ڻûǸõ
ͷһ죬Ҷ콻˺ܶ£άͥҶƹܣٴκ˺ܶ࣬漴뿪ڣ˺֮š
עⰲȫκʱ򣬰ȫڵһλ
һͣǰ򵥡
ͬάǰƬάʱǰ㣬ûҪͬȥάΪǶ̫̫ˣǸȥԣĿܻǸۡˣǾά֮°ĵɣĵȥС
໣
ͥβ׳ϲ񷣬δͥ﷢ХٲȻҲ֪һսҪ뿪͡
쿴µˣͷֳͥβ׸ջ֣濴ºͼǣһ̤֮ڣתʧӰ١
֮ʧʧºͼ˾Ŀ뿪ķ
һ˲»صͥ塣

ڣ谵С
촦άͨάڣʲôҲӦʮž
Եúƽĵȴ̤ά졣
ʱ˿˿Ƶţȥ˶øоֻл谵һֱڳ
¡
ͻȻͬش㣬ʹ챻һζ
ңȾڳûͣ£·һ̾Ҫ顣
ʹ쵱ɫڿǴ֮ڣһ飬ǺǷǳ£ҲܼĴˡ
¡
Ծ𣬻谵ûУиֻҵĿӿ˽
켹ͷƤ飬ȫֻֻͼͲȻ壬ȫֵӿֱȥϰٸͣ𶯣ǰй֣һɴ֯˳ȥ

ü
ȥŵĴǣƵ½أ谵Ŀռ䣬Բά졣


2396 ά֮
ܣռһƬ谵ܿǣԵ÷ǳĳƣƵ½Ưţӵϡôάء
ڣ췢˸˵һ㣬ﾹȫûиоʱ
䣡
ͻȻǿʢʥԶʮɡ
쿴΢ֱӳӶȥ
άΣٶȻǳܿ죬תۼǿ
ǰһƬ޴½أԵЩƣʮɢľԷǳˣҲ߱ά۷弶Ϊǿں쾳ڡ
ʹɵ΢ﵽʲôطеǳϡȴȻôάǿߣңά֮ϵĺ쾳ǿߡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ʮٲȻͬӪ໥ɱѪˮɽҽвʱ
ܿ죬Լӹȥǰͣڻʣˣ˾ںڣ˾ά۷壬϶ȾŲٵѪ˵Ķᡣ
ʥ
ϧȥʮˡ
ս¡
˵̸һЩԶȥ
һʯ΢
ʥ
ʲô
оȥ˿νʥʹƬռ䣬Щ˶Ϊʥ
飡
ͻȻƬռһȻ졣
죬·ŴʹƬռǺͲ½ضžҵҡסεǿʯѿʹһ˲䱩¶˳
ʲôˣ
֮ǰ˲δ߳ԶΪƬռڵǵ΢һ̱Ƿ죬ɫǶݣĿⶼһ˲ɨ˹
һ΢ȥǼͳеκһ
ɢޣ
άɢҲǶ
նˣ
ӽԺ䣬һֱӶ֣ά۷壬ֱһն
וּһһҵɱתۼǰ
̧֣һƽɱ顣
ףɱ֣
˫΢΢
нǳĲпᣬܶʱɱ˸Ҫɣһʵȴ̲סʵ˵ףСʱڷ˴ɳ
ֵ΢䣬Լδһɱάڵ죬Ȼܲ⣬һ۱ǰһֱ̧֣һͷ­
һʱ䣬ϵĿռֱӱ
ӭŶԷɱ֣ǲ˵ʲô̧֣һסԷ
漴û飬͵һ𣬰ֱ֯ӽķ顣
꣬Ҳһ
άΪصĻҪɱڵǿ߶οһ˲۷״̬ά۷ʿɱ˱նݻ򵥡
棬ӽΪ֮һһһά۷ˣȻڶ̶̵һ˲ͱάڵɱˣ˲ˣսϲ۷״̬ǣҲԿάڵǿߣһάڵʿѹɱӦǿģڣȴǡǡ෴
漴һ̣˵ø죬ɱһˣ
ˣ¶ɱ⣬һڵǿ߶֣졣
쾳ѹƵתۼѹ䵽ǰ
ıûκα仯ֱһӭȥ
ʵһ״̬ĺǿߣҲ޾壬οΪ֮ǰս˵ĺǿߡ
ˣ
ѹ䣬дǷͰⷨ֯һС
͵һֵ˼Ĺƣ漴ȵһƳС
һʱ䣬ѪˮŽ֮ͬǰ˰㣬飬Ҳһ
㣡
ôܣ
һΣǿȫɫ
һʼǸά۷弶˶֣һĨɱǾѾΪ֮ˣʱȴû뵽еһǿߣҲ׾ͱɱ
ߣ
һ˵к˺ˣҹâԶȥ
ʱֳսȫļˣеһǿߣȻǰ׾ͱɱˣԿ֮սж󣬾ǺҲܵס죬״̬£ΨӶݡ
ʲô仯񽣣ֱ̧һ
ﬣ
Ŵ̶ļĵâֱķɳ˹ᴩȫ
漴ֻزٶȿ켫һγһ˽ǰֱӽԷѹ
סס֣Ҫɱңҵˣ
˴ںڣ֮ǰսˣʱѹȫɱһʱޱȾ㤡
ͶԷ˵ʲôֱǿûԷʶԷʶ
ܿ죬ʮȥ֪˺ܶ࣬ԴأһĨɱ
ЩҪɱȻ顣
άأά֮ġ
΢
˵ʶУ֪Ƭռʲôطάء
Ƭάڱû飬ûʱ㣬ǳĿռš
ͬʱƬҲûάءάءάءάءλغ;άǰпµĸĸֻһά֮ġ
ά֮ģƬάضԵ壬ҪάάԼάάصҪ
άغάڣƿάάֻ˵ϻǿϺܶ౶ǣά֮ȴǲȻֻҪܵõά֮ģͿԼԦ嫵άأƬάأ
ղɱǼˣάصһռ壬άصһͳάǿƬάأΪά֮Ķ
ͬʱ⣬άصͳҲƬء
ԭõά֮£Ѷ϶ԣʵƿֻز࣬Ϊȡά֮ĵĹ̺ΣգΪά֮ĵĴ̫ٿѰǴ˵еҲά֮ڽά֮ҳ
ǣǰһʱ䣬άȴгǿżȻάž˵֮ǵ𶯣ƺάڵά֮ĴƿɽѰά֮ģǿ߸
Ͼõά֮ģͿɵõάء
ƿһƬʵأǷǳ˵ģܵõĺô޾
ά֮ģ֮ƿάأ
н֯һĨտտľâ
ڻ֮ǰȥάʱͻȻ䣬ǻǺάصά֮ĵйϵ
⣡
֪£ֱӾ;Ҫȡά֮ģ
ȡά֮ģõƬصƿȨȨ֮ɻάƿʱ䷨򣬽ʱ䷨Ƭؽݣʱ򣬿ƬʱʹƬصļһΣʹƬصøӵǿ
ʱӵһƬʵġʱأ
Ƕԣôö˵Իʹĸʵһ޴


2397 ־
֮ǰǸǿߵʶУµõһЩά֮ĵǾƬڵķ𶯺λã˶ٺֱӳǸطȥ
Ǹλþλ÷ǳңԶǣٶȷŵķǳĿ졣
飡
ŸտȥԶ֮ǰǵ֮һλغ
򡣡
ٶȷŵĸһЩ
֮ÿһʱ䣬Ƭڱкҡ
漴Ҳ֪ȥãǰһ޴ĺڶ֣С
ƬڵǵȺ𶯣ƺǴڶ֮ڴ
ʱ򣬺ڶŲʿǷ໥ɱ
䣡
䣡
䣡
漤ңѪˮɽҽʱʱ
УΪľά۷弶ǿǴ쾳۷Ρ
ҡֵ콣šڡ
ûпԶԶĿǰϳȺʿͬͳ
ͳάص֮ǰҵǸʿʶѰ˺ܶණʱȻǸϳЩ˷һС
飡
ʱ죬ӲԶǿںڶдάΪ֮𶯡
ͬһʱ䣬ڶ֮ǿʢʥܴ켶Ĳ
άϢ
ʣά֮Ӧþںڶڣң켶ǿߺάǿߡ
еһƾâûκͣ٣ֱǿںڶӶȥ
ά֮ĿܾںڶУѾǿᣬУǾͲˣǴ⣬һҪά֮ȡش
˭
ڶ⣬ͳ棬ֹԼĵͳڶͬʱҲžĨɱͳˣڶԼһǿߣ໥ľڹɱͳϡʱֱڶڳ壬طЩʿƬɱâÿһɱâǼΪϬ
ǲܣܿɱâ
Щʿп쾳ǿߣάΪ½ػҲ쾳ǿߵĶ֣ԣûҪ涯֣Ǵͼٶܹ󱳶һۣʩչ۵˲˲Ϣƶڶλãֱ̤뵽С

ڶ⣬һʿŭ
һάʿһǿߵƤӵ³˺ڶڡ
ͳʿ໥ӣһʱʱͣ໥ž裬Ⱥźڶ֮ڶȥ
ͳʿ˳첢ͳеκһȻֻάΪǸһڶеϲǶ㲻ʲôȴпܳΪһǿɲܾβܡ
٣ǵýڶ֮ڣ¸֪һеˡ

ʱѾڶ֮УڶڣռޱȻ谵ż罻֯
飡
ӺڶдǰλҲ֪жԶź
лһĨâڶĶȥ
ͬʱڼϢڶڿӡָƣɱ󡢻Լִ谭׷άͳˡ
ţںڶ֮ͳһ׷
ӡϵЩɱʹͻ󣬶ػԼǳеЩɱɵĻɱڼǿߣеЩԸ켶ǿڣ켶ǿʮվû⡣
֮ڶĶȥúڶġ
䣡
ǰʮĵӰڽ棬˾άֱҵͳά棬ʮǴΣ̫ϳϡ
ʮˣάά죬ͼλÿ£ȥ
һֱԼĹڿУϻһĳҵ绡
飡
С֮ȴǼΪ
üޣϢνԱ֣һԶԶĿŹжʱ¶տտ
ʣӦþνά֮ˣ
ֻԶԶĿά֮ģǸоĲƬأƺڣϣһƵĵ绡ˣƿɻС
ά֮ģоâտտʱȴûжһߡ
ǰĶʮˣ˴άʮ˴쾳ҲֵˣʵٶȶԶԶʱȥ
ط·ϣӡɱͻ󣬺ڶʿ׷룬ʮգͺãȵʮʥķѵĲսĲʱٳȥά֮ġ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǰ漤ң켶ѹάѹסĶʮС
ͳ棬һδαƽά֮Ľǰǿάʵ𶯣ά֮ΧЩҵ绡һһȫƻ
Щ绡ȴҲ㹻ˣͬά֮ĵػսһ㣬ڱƻĹУҲʹάȺⴴԶ˲ˡ
ʱŸо壬άǿߺʮ˸켶ǿߣʮ໥伤ϢϱԽԽԽսϾ۷״̬ҲԽԽԶ
ڣڰУֱֹȥһʱ䣬ڸоĶʮ˵սвǴӰ߳ʼ֡
ֻزٶȺܿ죬һά֮ģתۼ̤ȥԶ
˴ڼУͻȻһʱΪ֮ݡ

άһĻͬʱ֣ɱ⳯ȥ
ٶȺܿ죬ܿУת̤ά֮Ľǰ̧ץά֮ġ
άֱ֮Χǵȿֲ绡Ҳάǿƻֱӱǽά֮ץС
Ҳʱά֮𶯣һɰ֯˿ȥ
仢ڱѣѪˮ֯С
ڣһɴ˵ֻڣطӡ
ҵʹһʱƺһ̣Ҫȴ߽⡣
ʹݣʥֻľɿתɴ
ͳҲݣʮ˸켶ǿ΢췽Ѿסά֮ģɺ棬ȴȻά֮ˡ
ά֮ģǿų
ʮ˿ά֮ģҲɨ졣
ಣ
ƿյͻأͻȻʩչٶͻά֮ġ
룡
ά棬Ҳһˣʱ򶼲ȥ죬Ȼܿȥȡά֮ģ˹ȥ
⣬ʥԽֻ֯ľתɿ޸ά֮˵
ͬʱĿ⣬Ҳһ˲˲ά֮ϡ
־
оâ


2398 ֻض
Ĵϣӣоһ⡣
ǵȴͨʱ򻯽ǳѡ
ָоϵǵȴһϵ־ά־
ֻľڷɿתɫʥԽ֯һʱȴѽǵĥڳϵıƻڣгԴӶȥơ
ʹɵü
䣡
ǰʥܼͳά棬Գά֮Ķȥȴ໥䶼ܵ˵谭͸ţһʱ䶼ץ
ҲʱƬռڣʮ˸켶ǿߵĿϡ
ʮˣнǴɱһ̣Ǳ졣
ڷţڰͻȻ䶯ץά֮ģ͵óѣЩ˷ǳʹ죬ʱ໥ʱټٲȻ׼Ƚɱ
Ķ
һ
⣬ɫʥԽ֯ӭʮ˱ûκλҡ
ЩȻ쾳֮ǰļսҲͿȺ쾳ڣսԸǲֵһᡣ
ûȥʮˣĿά֮ϣӡ
̬ʮУǸɫ䡣
ٲȻȫûнǷУάѣδ̫ڿ
£һֱӶ֣Ƭɱ졣
ֻľˣܿƬɱ⣬Ŀά֮ϡ
У˿˿Ƶ΢⽻֯ά֮ġ
ֵ˼δ˵죬һʱɫ΢ʱøӱ
ӣ
ɭĵǿɱâȥ
ͬʱʮһ֣ɱ⽻֯ƺƵѹ졣
ܿеĹ
Ҳʱһ죬ά֮һ𶯣俪ʼпռн֯ȥ
һĻʹ桢ֹĸԵݣ̼ͣ໥ͬʱά֮ץȥ
ά֮ĵټǼΪѰһȫΪԭ򣬲֪ά֮Ϊγڶ𶯣ӶʹмѰһʧ֮ҪѰǾͼǲܵˡ
ͬʱȻҲǱ΢ۼά֮ľҪռʧ²ʲôʵоֺ½֯޾ֻصԻۺֻͬʱʩչ˲ǳԽ֮ϵ˲ϢԽͼֹˣһγά֮Ľǰ
ˣ
̧֣һγά֮ץȥ
һΣֻбԴֻع⽻ֱ֯ά֮ϡ
Դֻع⣬˲佫ά֮İ
ά̺֮ά־һһ𶯣ٴν𿪡
һ̣ռн֯ά֮ûУʧ
ϱѿһѺۣѪˮ
һû֮ͬǰǰ־λӣǵ̺־ֻ֮ϵƣҲܿϡ
֮ǰά־Ҳֻ֮չ֣ĥ
ֻأ
𺳵
ⷽڶУ桢ֹĸά棬һ̣Ŀϣ۾һ˲䶼ֱˣϳֻ֮⡣
죬Ȼƿֻأ
˵еֻأϵ޷ƿصȻ˽֮ƿˣ
ͬʱʮ˸켶ǿߣһҲǶݣĿľ
άصˣƬشĹżֻȻ
ಣ
ƿһʱ¶̰ͼֱӳץȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ֹĸάҲһץ졣
һ̣ǿ񣬼ֱȿά֮ʱҪһֱȴά֮ʧ£ûΪ¶һ˿һʧʧ
һ̣Ƿֻذ
ǾԲά֮Ŀȣ
ֻص죬һѹǱǾͿԵõ˵еֻء
롣
쵭Į
⼸ʲôȻǷǳ޷ѹȡֻء
뷨ܹƿصֻأܹصֻأ
ܣ
ⲻ룬Ķʦ˵ؼ䣬⣬˶ƿصֻأûгֻصǱʣǿгֻ·һ
ֻ֮ƿֻأΪԷֻһʥ飬ȫе⣬һЩֻȻˣֻֻļˣ֮ʲôƿصֻأΪԶԶ߱ƿغͳظֻصǱܣǿȥƿأҲ
ڣԷֳһЩֻ֮ʹսûʲô⣬ѹϵֻطתƵԼϣǴԼ𼶵ĴôȥҲȫǸԼҲڣٷ֮ٻɡ
˳ûжĶֻ𣬼ֻɱ
ֻһ˲ѣάǿ߽Ų͵һͣԶһ󣬿Լ걻һռ䣬޾ԩ곯ǵ˺ҧ

ƣ
˵ͺתۼ佫ֻ顣
񶼲۷״̬ȴҲǾ߱ź۷弶ҪֻɱȻǼܼѵ¡
Ͼɱ죬ֻǲάڵΪΪ̫ࡣ
ɱһɲǣһζֻ֣֮䣬һ嫵ֻӣѹ¡
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ֻѹ䣬ܵĿռ䣬ʱֻ֮һ
˶ݣټӭֻӣתۼ佫ֻӸ
ͬһʱ䣬ವƿһһӰ嵽ط
棬һάˡЩάͳ֮ǰ׷ڶµɱͻ裬ֱʱطһҵǿ߿ڣֱֹס죺㡭
ͻ죬ѾںһĴڶ֣ңΪҪǣʱ˿⾹Ȼд˵еֻع⣬ֻۣ
ͬʱһʿҲǶݡ
쿴Щˣ΢
ʱˣ켶Ĵڣսûĺܶ࣬ôһȺ˾ۼһǶ֡
ȴûмɵֱֻһӿֻѪ
ֻ۵һֻһƿؼڲǰƿص
ֻѪһˣѪ˷һʱ佫ʮռȫû
ط֮⣬еʿ̼ǱֻѪ븲ǡ
ټ
ƽֻѪסЩ˵ͬʱʩչ˲ת˲ʧ
ȫ֣佫ֻѪ飬ȴǲˣϢԸ֪

һˣޱȾŭ
ƬأңһҪҳ
ȵ
ֹͳ棬Ҳ´

뿪˺ڶʩչ˲ƣܿ뿪ԶһŴڡ
ڱȽϻߣǺŨûκ顣
ά֮ģܸоλڡ
еâơ


2399 ά֮
ڴڣܿҵͳˣϢ뿪
֮ǰǿںڶУһαά֮ɺʼĦά֮ģڶγֻ֣֮ά֮ġʱȻǱά̵֮־˳ȥȴҲʱάֻ֮ӡǡ
ԣά֮֮ǰںڶʧ٣ƾϵֻӡǣǿԸоõά֮ĵλãҪҵ˵ס
뿪ŴǣٶϺܿ죬Ҳ֪˶úһ޴Ԩǰ
վԨԵ˶٣̤Ԩ֮¡
Ԩ˿Ҳ谵ɫֲֲܶ࣬궼ġ
ܵ˵ԨµĻǳá
һСɽ硣
ⷽԨ£úԨС
ǰһƬԿտĵطһֱĹʣϽ֯˿˿绡
Ȼά֮ģ
ǰά֮ģһƵ΢⽻֯ǰȥ
ܿ죬ά֮⣬Ŀά֮ģоķǷ
ά֮Ķϵĵ绡͵죬øˡ
΢ԵЩ䣬ʱûֱץά֮ģ֮ϥ£תֻľͬʱҲģĲֻء
ά̺֮ά־ΪҪǿȡά֮ģǾǲܵ£άǿҲ
ϥ£һһֻ߲أӡά֮ϵֻӡǣֻط֮ͨʹԼϢԼٶά֮ġ
ˣʱţҲֹ֪ȥ˶ãŨԨ֮£ΪάڴﵽάڣֻһƿأҲűøˡ
һɣ
һ죬н֯һĨ貵ľâ
ŻأһһŬĲֻأΪﵽάڵ£ֻһƿҲǿƿһɵֻأ
ƿصһɵֻأ㹻ˣ
ųȫƿأøŬ

Դֻع⻷⣬˶٣ͣվά֮ġ
ά֮ģά֮Ŀһ
ά֮ûͬǰ㾪˵ĺųԲǰ㼤ңһأĸо
һ㡣

ȥһʱ䣬άֻ֮طͨά֮ģʹüϢһά֮ģά֮ĵѾ˺ܶ࣬Ѿ޷Ŀά֮ĸҪȡά֮ɺѡ
н֯â˶٣ά֮һ׶ͣ£ٴϥ
ͬʱͬʱҲֻأֻط򣬹ͨά֮ġ

ά죬ط
棬ûҵ
ά̫ˣȿռСάһһҪЩҪҳû£һ𣬿Ҳ
ӦѾ뿪Ƭ˰ɣϾά֮ѾʧȥټˣҲΪά֮Ķûά֮ĵټҲûƬء
ҵͳһֱάѰټϧȫû
ڴˣͳά涼ɫ
ң
ͳǿߣλƬͬλãûս棬Ȼʧȥά֮ĵټȴǱøִţһʱ䲻Ը뿪ܾɻƬأһǿ߼׷Ѱ졣

άأԨ֮¡
ˣ
⣬˿˿ƵľɫʥԽ֯һΪһ
ٶȴ죬ΪάصŨԶԶȲάأάҲԶԶ磬һƬػǱܷǳֲٶȣҲάάۿۡ
ϾΪʿʺǱȻҪлȴҲһҪֻʺǱܷҪԣҪԶԶлܶѡ
ȻˣٶȲ죬ȴҲԼάʱٶȶԣάˣάȶӻµٶȣǿˡ
Ƭʼûʱ֪ȥ˶ãֻĬĬĬĬĲֻأͬһʱ䣬ά֮ϵֻӡά֮Ĺͨ
ˣһʱȥٴγһɰΪﵽά۷塣
ͬʱֻطƿأԱøˣֻع⣬֮ǰάھʱҪŨ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳʱٴվǰά֮ģߵά֮Ľǰ
ά֮⣬˿˿Ƶĵ绡֯ǳ£ӼΪ˵Ļ˵άǿߣʱ£ǰԻάǿߵĵ绡ȴǲδ
Ϊ֮ǰһεʱ䣬ÿʱÿ̶ڽֻطά֮ϵֻӡǣıԴϢά֮룬Ѿ˼ıԴϢ
ǰά֮ģһֽ֯Դֻع⣬ץά֮ġ
ܿ죬űԴֻع֣ά֮ס
ץסά֮ģά֮𶯣־Ҫ𿪡
һε־𶯣ȴԱǰȻųųȴԲôǿˣΪѾ̫ıԴϢ
ά֮ģģۺֻͬʱϢչ֡
ˣ
ֻعޱȴ⣬Ǳ־Ҫ嫵ĴڣһƵİά֮ģʹά֮ĵųԽԽԽ
Ҳֹ֪ȥ˶ôʱ䣬ά֮ͣ𶯣˿ų⣬ȫֻطವһûڡ
һ˲䣬ά֮Ľ壬ڻһȦ䱾Դ֮ڡ
ʱ΢ƬأֻƬڵһжΪȻ޾ңԶʶҲĵطҲܸоķǳ
ԶһԨ£һĴʯֱƶ
ûκεʶǣƣȴȻ;ֱƮͬһ㣬ܸͬӦ
뿪ⷽԨԨ֮ϣżԶļųŴǣ˸תʼճŵĴǣʱݰ㻺ת
Զ΢һڶǣһ̱ǾһڶϵĹ߿һС
һʱ䣬вɵ¶տտĹ
ά֮ȫƿأڣƿάˣȫļԦƬأ
ʳΪάˣ
ʹľޱȸҲɵڵļ
ϾһƬʵأ
أ磡
ȫӿ
һĨĨ
̼䣬Ƭάأ䣬ŷӿ
󣬿ԿõڣǺŨһ𣬻һܹŨ貣ɿĳ֮һƿ֮
ͬʱȲ˻Ƭڵҵȵͳע⡣
ǡô£
Ƭصĳͬһ۶ȥ﷢ʲô
άͳƬصʿһĻǲɵöݣͳά涼⣬ǲɵΪ֮䡣
ȥ
ͳά棬볯ӿȥķȥ


2400 ʱ
ӿάصĸӿ۳һܵľ޴
ɲǼѣϱлܶо˵ĵ֯С
иտտתֻľЩܵ
ƬάأеάغάضҪϡܶܶ࣬Ǻõ֮أȻƽܵƬάظλԵúϡǽƯŵһ۵һǰˣͬ龰㡣
ˣ
תֻľЩľ񣬶ʱſ
ͬʱΪ磬Ҳһ
Ϊά۷壬ɿĳź쾳ȥ
ʱ䣬ƬάڲڣоطЩܺ͵ĬĬûñ̤뵽άͷ
Ҳʱವƿͬķ򣬽гȺӰ
ά̤Ƭصͼֹˣѭ嵽طһ˲ǿޱڵ졣
㣡
˵Ƕݣͼֹˣǽ¶̰֮⡣
ƿֻأУٲȻһ쵽ʥء
һ˲ѣάǿߣ볯ȥһ̣ڴάظֱͬܵӸˡ
¡
˶Ѿָ۷壬άսһάѹƺƵĳѹ˹ȥ
ܵܣ̼ǱɢһƬ
޾Уѹɫû˿ļɵ⡣
ȥ
ƽ
Ż䣬Զʱ֮Ÿֱ֣ӽ˾ʧ
õά֮ģƬصˣʱֱӽ˳ȥ
Ҳȥ
ɨͳˣһ֮źʣ
漴ά챻գʹЩ˲ٽ
֮Ϥ£ƬصĴ֮

ƿά֮ģԼԦƬܶ£ԦƬάص֮սȴϤʱڲ̫ԣֻǽֱƬأʹЩ޷ٽ롣
ڿƬص֮սôղЩˣͲˣȫάص֮ɱ
ϾһǿҲάѣǵȼʿûпܵάô˵ҲһƬʵء
ûȥЩˣƬص޾
ˣ
ɫʥ֯財
侫Ϊһ൱ٶ
ˣʱţҲ֪˶ãͻأһһ޴н֯ںɫһһ͵죬ԵüΪˡ
˰
ͷͷϿյУ˿ҲɵĿԵ÷ǳƽ
ά̤˺쾳ʱ˺쾳׷
ˣ
죬ϢűԽԽŨ
Դˣƽ׷ѹ䡣
𣬲δȥ̫ãһ׷ѹ¡
޾壬׷ϣֻǴ֮ʹõһ׷ķ飬΢ɢ
û˿⣬΢䣬ֻؽڻһ١
ΨһԴϴ񣬻ʹڱԴԽԽǿ
񷱬ܿ죬׷һһ䡣
תۼ䣬ǧ׷Ⱥѹⳡ쾳׷Ǿʹֹס
߲ƽ֯˳˿˿Ƶ߲ϼ⣬С
׷øˣκƿά֮йأ

ʼ׷ֻʮһδεӣȻѾгһǧֵ׷ˣȻûܵ˿ˣȴҲ൱ԡ
ǰڸ̾·ǧپڣÿ̤һС̨׶ǧ׷ѹ䣬׷̫࣬ȴ룬ڣ̤쾳ٵ׷Ǿǧˡ
ҡҡͷٶ룬ֻؽ޸ڣ߲֮֮Ϊ
侫񣬼ΪҲһ
ʱ䣬ƬάȫͲڣоʱţ֪ȥ˶á
֮󣬵һβ֪õʱȥطͷһи
̤쾳֮Ƭص޾ܵһﵽ쾳Ρ
ˣ
쳹˻ġ
һ̣쾳׷̤쾳ζӿֶϢΪˡ

̧ͷŸͷϷ쾳׷ֻô򵥵һ֡
ͬʱֻؽҲȡ˳һɽ١
£һһ׷ֱѹ¡
֮󣬺׷һһ䣬ֱӽﻯ׷
Ҳ֪˶ãһǧ׷䣬ⳡ׷ɢȥ
ϣ߲һĸ֣߲ϼ⡣
߲ϼǳôֻľȹ̵ǰ쾳Ϊʹ켶Ϊܿȹ
ܿ죬߲ɢȥ΢ֻؽ޸ڡ
ˣʱ͵
ά֮ڶʱ
ڼ̵ʱڴά̤쾳̤쾳ĲαȽ϶࣬ٺ߲Ƶ߲ϼȹ˾磬ȴǾʱҪټ˱ȽϺãƽ²С
Ļά֮ڵˣҪάҲû⡣
ϾܵάصάصҪʹﵽάûκѶȡ
ڵǰ˵άڵİ͵ȴҲȥʲôΪȶڴ֮ǻģָܻƽյǵ״̬
ָֻʱ䣬϶Ҫǳá
ĵԽָ࣬ǾԽҲټƬڵһҪԭ
ϾҪƿʱݻƬأʹ֮ҲƬڵ͵УƬڵĵ̫֮࣬ݻҲࡣ
ȥάأƿʱ䷨򡣡

ػ״̬Ҫƿʱ䷨򣬾ԲǼѵ¡
£ɨܣ΢䣬ά΢һ˲ǻʧû뵽ڵά֮ڡ
ͬʱԼά֮ڣάڵһƬСС
ȥСͨɽʣŨԶɿз
վƬСУ΢紵ϣо
£û뿪վԭأ΢˫ۣĬĬĸʱ䷨
ˣʱһһţƬ翪ʼܿ죬ʮչȥ
ʮպһ죬һʱ䲨⽻֯󽥽ǿʢ
Ȼʮ졣
Щ졣
ػ״̬֮ǰǡͰЩά򣬶ֻնѣάصʱ䣬ȴǻʮա
ʱ൱⡣



2401 ļµĵʮ
ʱ䣬Ȼάȷ򣬲ȴҲǷǳˣӵΰ
ʵϣһ֪ʱ򵥣һǸ
ֻΪά򶼲źķյƿʱ֮ȴķʮա
ֻǵһ㣬˵ķǷˡ
ɱϱȲЩάάȣصĴڶԣȴش󡣡

άԼά֮ϵأÿһƬأÿһ䣬ʱֻ򵥵һ㣬ʹЩڲάűʵ
վʱƿʱ䷨ʱȥ룬ֱӾƬѰһƫԶɽȡ
ɽϡľҲïʢ˼Χش켶ǿ̤룬ڹϥطչء
άض𣬴Դڵά֮УʱչأıԴʶûά֮ĵάڣ۳һʶ
ʶվⷽƬ磬һ½ʣһſŴǽ֯ɿռȴԵޱȵĳš
ûκһ˿ʱʹƬһ
ʶվƬڣһ˲ʱ䷨ʹʱ䷨һƵĳƬصĸӿȥƬӡʱĵۡ
һʱ䣬Ƭ΢ʱ䷨Ƭľ괺˰㡣
ƿƬأʱȻܹоƬڿʼ仯
ʹвɵ˿˿Ƶľâ֯ȱ仯⡣
֮ǰԤƵûƫʱ䷨ӡƬأݻȷʵʹƬ䡣
֮ʱƣݻƬؾԿʵı仯
ɵ磬С

һƬɵ磬ɽľΰƿάأٵһƬ磬ȻûбҪʱ΢䣬ɵƬάأ֮£ʼƬάؿʼںϡ
ɵǱѰܱȲϴأʱƬάأһ̶ȴǳΪݻƬάصĴ߻ʹƬʱ䷨ӡ֮£ٶͻأ򱶡
ԿƬάУԭŵһſǳʼǹ⣬һƬƬ޴½ʼ仯ݻŨϢ֯
ģ޾ǳǿգһƬƬ½С硢ͼ硣
ʱ䷨ĳƬظӣʱ֮Ƭڡ
ʹжʱ佻֯һտտĹ
ã
룬ΪݻάصһʥĴ߻İʱ֮Ƭأ֮󣬲ҪȥݻӡƬάڵʱ֮ƬݻҪ̫þʹƬά߱ʱ䣬κν䶼ʱ俪ʼʱ򣬾άʱʱ
ϤεƬص֮ս
һƬʵصǷǳֲģƿصάص֮ĵƬص֮սôֻ쾳ΪҲԼ򵥵Ļɱάǿߡ
ϾάʿȻҲǿùάأȫ޷ȡ
ʶƬάأĬĬĬĬݡ
ˣһۣһʱȥ
һºһ죬΢ά֮ڣʱ貹âӿ֣۳һھ˵Ĺ֮񽣸ǰ򵥳С
֮
һʱüΪ財
һµʱ䣬ػǱԣ˽εƬص֮ս
ʱеĹ֮άص֮۶ɣ̺żΪ֮Կնɱͨάǿߡ
⽣ɵ΢
˶٣΢еά֮Žɢ˿ȥ
漴Ƭʱ֮ʹĴ߻¼ݱ䣬ʶɢԴ뿪Ƭء
һ̣ʵ֮Уɽڣ˫ۣһտտâһû
͵һǰһƬռ䵱
ʮһ
άػݻȻصάأûʮȥһ
˵֮ǰ뿪άǰ˵úС»ʮǡάҲ֪˶ã֪ǻû
˶٣ֻһ˲Ϣ뿪
һ̣ǿУƽʮǶȥ˼ʿ
άֻʣһƬһƬǿգƬǿգԾĺ棬ǿա
ǰᵽһ뿪άʱͬʱ㣬ڼʿĿ𺳺ͳ羴ɫУǸʱʱԼһռоʱ
ᵽʱ㣬ڴŹȥʮꡣ
ʿشɫǳ
ΪƬʿûκ˲֪ͥɵۣ죬Ͳˡ
л
ܿ˵л뿪
ǿУǳĿɫǹ⽻֯ʮ
ʮ꣬άڣʮꣿҲܾá
ŵ֪άصʮ꣬ȷһ£ǱǣʮڣһѾصʮǡ
£ŲһЩֻ̤һʧԭأһ̳һŹ⡣
ǲܾ޴󣬵ȴʰ쵣һʮʺصĸо
Ȼʮǡ
һʮ⣬ṳ̂룬ǶŲô۵ǳ
Ķʦھά֮ΪͶάأΪŹǶ˵ŹǲƬأӵм塣
ʱĦŴǣϧȴûʲôջʡ
˶٣Ҳû⣬ֱ̤ŹǣŹǵĵʮ
ʮ򣬿տûΰĸɽûļĴֻгƬǳïʢ΢紵Ƭڵһҡҷ
ûͣ˺һռŻھȥ
һ̣һֻ̤ռŻʱȴͻأ͵һ
ƫͷĵʮƤӶɵΪ֮һ
ղţǡ
ļ¡
ǰһ̣׼̤ռŻھʱͻأ䣬һޱĸоļ䣬һ̣ӦУƬʮͻأĳ־ľ䣬ú嫵㣬֪άάάغ
ָоʹһ˲ã֪άءάغάأʮǰɰһ㡣
жʱŽΪ貵ʥ⣬ɨʮ
Ȼʱ򣬵棬쾳Ϊȫȥ̽ѰʮʱȴʲôҲоˣŵоҲѾʧӰ١
ʱ켶ʶȫ̽Ѱ£ʮֻǼ򵥵ĵʮϲôҲûκһ˿֮


2402 Ƿϵ
⡭
üԲݡ
ǰһǵļµĸоȻֻһ˲ʧˣôȥ̽ѰȴҲǵòκһ˿֮ǰǵȸоҲҲˡ
վԭأЩģ켶ٴκƵʮӡ
һۣһȥ
һʱ䣬̽Ѱһʱ䣬ϧȴɺá
գֻҡͷ켶ΪԶԶԴﵽŹǵĲΣղŵǵУͬʦ˵ֻоŹо㣬ֻôһ˲ѡ
һ˲ԸӦʲô
ȻʱûһǰͻأǵȸоǣȴҲ˶϶һ㣬ǱǣŹǵҪ壬Ǻʮйأ
Ŀֶⷽһ˲漴˺ռŻ̤ھ
ھܿصͥ
ʮͥڣԤϵǰ㣬ºͼǶڣ뿪άĵڶǻصʮǡ
Щάôǻϲһ¾͹ҵ첱ϣѯͬʱҲҫάŮҲȫƿ
˵ţ⣬򡢴Ƿ򡢲ͰⷨһԻ֯˵Ϣ
Դ˲⣬ϾŮһֱǺܾ˵ģʮʱ䣬άͬʱƿάǼ顣
ȻԴ˲⣬ȴǸͣɵԴЦŵûȥάأ֮ǰһЩ⣬뵽άȥˡ
˵ţ򵥽άصɺ¼ǽ¡
ͬʱԼƿά£Ҳδǣһ˳
һʱ䣬ŮԾ
㡭ƿһƬʵĴأ
ۡ
ģ
ѩҹԾ
ꡢ桢Ͼ顢ϦŶҲ¶ݡ
Ȼ£ҲĿ΢
֪֮ǰƿһƬɵ磬Ǿ㹻ˣȻƿصһƬأ
һƬذ
ʲô
ͷʱͥܺܿտΪһչάصһ򣬵άزʱ䣬֮ǰصάأƿʱ䣬ϵʱ֮ȹһʱ䣬һɱ䡣
ͰΪ֮𺳣ǲɵõ
죬ƿһƬʵĴأ
ƿôһƬʵأδ·νޱȵľˣ
ĺôֱ̫ˣ
ǵأ
Сǣһĳݡ
һЦɵԴѯǰӢۡơͰ׻ǵټͬʱҲ֮ȥȿľλʦ֣ܾòˡ
ҸͷӢǣȥάȥˡľλʦ֣Ҳȥάء
΢㶣û뵽ľλʦֺͰǣȥάأһ۾ء
ԴˣҲûж룬ԺȥάǾС
ȥ²ߣ
ЦŶǵ
ʮǣ²ҲĲٳ͹ˣȥ²򿴿ЩˣȥάѰľλʦֺͰǣһһۡ
š
µͷ
ȻҲͷǻ²򣬻жʦ²ƽؼҲȥ
߰ɡ
Ц
һ죬Ǵͥ߳²ȥһϤĳˣͳڷͣ˰ңǷصھ򣬴һЩ֮ͥº󣬴̤ʮǣ׼ǰά졣
ȻҲʱո˺ͨάص֮ʱǿԶһϤӳ֣ʮλǣһҵĺӡ

춯ݡ
ӲǱˣơ
ȻҲǿ죬ϵı΢졣ǰ죬¶һЩǿЦһ˲ֶŵСкʦ
Скܹɣ죬ĵʦá
ͷ΢ǡ
ͬһʱ䣬Աߣºͼ˿СкƣɫҲ΢
Ƶͷҵĺӣ辰
һѾ³ʱԵȴǲɵΪ֮΢ȻƵĺˡ
Ǹӡ
Ҳɫ΢
ǰһǿжСк֣Сһ
С辰ͷƣڵõƵͬɿץƵ֣ܿɽǰ
С辰ǿбǲģ˵ǿƵΪ㹻ǿѾ󾳣ֶʹСһǿƽذж
ԣ
ǵĸСԴһͳѵɹʥСһ
лл㡣
Сƺò
쿴Сһֿƣ˶٣ʲô
ǰƣȻɫȴ⣬ȴԵúܳƺǷϣöҲ֪һǷʲô£Ǵ£򲻿ˡ
Сһĸأ
ƣٴʵ
ӱоõı仯ӦǺС辰ĸйϵ
΢ſڣû˵ʲôֻɫԵøǷϡ
ģȫ϶ƵǷϾǺС辰ĸйء
ңȥǲΪС辰ĸȥˣԷǻš
ʲô¾˵ֵܼ䣬ʲô˵Ƶѣ˵һԡһ·Ǻ¹ʲô¹ʲôˣ
ǰͽʶĺѣһ𲢼սһѪͻأĳƺǷϣȻܲܲʡ
ſڣ˵ʲôɻδ˵ڡ
üټƣС辰ǰ£ºЦСһأ
С辰죬ֿԼĸףֿ죬Сˡ˵ţСһС¶Щί˵˵Ұ֣׹Һ͸׸˳ǽȥǼס
ԣжʱһĨ΢⣬ԼµһЩʲô
ԱߵԼļҲǶݡ
С辰Դ΢䣬һ鱦񸡳עһֻ֮ҵС辰ϡ
ʦʲôأ
С辰ԵЩ档
ʦļﵽ쾳ǰԺһֱа֡
Цŵ
һ󼶵Ļ巨ڱעһ˿ֻǱòԳСһʣ𵽱Сһã켶ǿҲ˷ֺ
С辰δ̤УϾƵĺˣһ;Ȼ֪Ļ˫۶ʱú֪Լϵıжôллʦ
ЦСһͷվƣ˵ɣ㡣˵С辰ûĸס


2403 άѦ
׷ʣվ˺ܶࡣ
ʮǰͰһάǰάУֿ룬̤άŹȥµʱѣάһɽط籩ϯάءάصһһŮӡ
ѦάһһġʥŮ
Ϊط籩άأżȻάǴȴ⣬Ϊԭ⣬˶뿪Ҳǵ£һμѦԷʱ˺صˣһֻѾ̤֮ŵ־ʱ˶ԷһڱĹ
˵ǵʵѾˣĹ˸ΣգǴΪս󽥽㺻𻨣ߵһ
һ꣬ڹ꣬С辰
辰֣ȡȡѦ֮Թ̤һʱ䣬ѦǿĵĴС辰ѦңΪ׵ѦҼѦС辰ȴǲ룬ڵ֪άԼ֪ΪѦֱӽС辰ϳѦңȫǺѦĹϵ
ԭѦҪɱС辰ģѦҿԼһȻһάصһӣȫǼ֮ܣȳ衣
ǸʱѦƣʹѦҼЭδɱˣֻǽ˴ѦҸ˳ȥ治κѦĹϵ
֮ѦҴ֮⣬άصάص֮ţҲѦҵ˴򿪣֮ĵһʱֱӽǿ룬ٲȻž콫С辰ϳάأ˲άأѦҸ߲һЩ
ѦǱѦҼʱڣ̤ѦҴһ
꣬΢ЩĬ
˻ھͺãûʲôˡǰһ§ƵĲӣͬĶʦǰ㣺Щ׼һȥС辰ĸ׽ӻ
΢ЦѦǸ壬켶ǿ򡣡
޷ʲôάһӻ

һ죬ƺС辰ʱصʮǵͥʱδȥάأʮǵͥһЩ׼ͨάص֮š
׼Ȼսϵ׼ʵƿһʵĴأȻάǿҲɼնɱǿֻǿߵѦҡ
׼켶Ϊǧ켶ͼ켶Ϊ׼ĽӻѦƸ񡣱ϾѦչѦˣԣõķʽȻǲԸѦҶ䣬ܺƽΪƽӻѦá
һУƺС辰ҪǰɺµˣҲһ
̤ͨά֮ţһû⣬Ǻܿάϡ
ȥʵɽһһ˵һһеʥŨˣԶԶάؿȣάҲԶԶ֮ϡ
ʱһ˶δΪάص׳Ƿйȥ⡣
ѯѦҵλڣֱӴһǰ
켶ΣΪǿһ˶УδȥñһƬɽ⣬ɽϵĵһһƷǳľˡ
Ѧңάڣͳ֮µĵڶε
ԶԶĿɽڵѦңвɵ˿˿΢
Ѧ档
ļ򣬳ɽڶȥܿѦͥǰ
Ѧ⣬ʥ֯ͬʱҲһɼΪľ˴ƣ·һͷɻصĿֲħް㣬˲ɵΪ֮Ĳ
һطȻǵһʱ䱻ѦصѦǿ߷֡
ЩѦˣһ۾Ϳơ
㣡
ƺѦֵĺܴ˲֪ڵȴѷǳ
֮ǰǸӲ̹һΣ飡
Ѧ⣬ͥѦǿ߿ƺС辰Ŀ䡣
ңЩҲźڵĲмΪά飬ΪԶǲֻ󾳶ѣǣĶѾǴں쾳ڡ
ɫѿ߬˫֣Ӿ
Ѧ⣬Ѧӵһ㶣漴Ц䣬м֮ɫøŨ
һǰάصĵ͵ҲƺʥŮһƣȫӶٲȻǸںܿƽǰɭĵ˵һΣѦǰ򣬱ֱӷ㣡ʥŮȻƣɱ㣬δ˵ܷϵ
Nɪˣ̫Աߣ쿪ڣ˵ĻĮĿϣһļ˵άƣǰʽס
ϻѦǿ߶ʱɫһĿ죺ʲô
˵⻰ͻأ䣬͵һ滰ֱֹסˣΪĿӵĮһЩӭȸĮĿ⣬ͻأǸоһס˺㣬궼ɵžһûɵһɷԹĿ־塣
Ѧͥ⣬ѦӵȻע⵽˵ı仯ǲɵü
Ѧ
һǰ󣬶ӭ쵭ĮĿ⣬ǲɵþ
ˣһ̣ӱһֿ־壬·һĹħ
鷳һļ˳άصƣǰѦʽס
ٴοڣĿ⵭ĮȴǱȽϿ
ѦͥļѦӵܵ΢˳Ѧڡ
Ƶļ򣬵Ѧ֮⡣
ʵȫǿдȥǣʱȻô
ΪѦףеȻ
ʱһΣӹȥѦв߳һ꣬Ÿߣ켶ΣΪ׵ΪѦҼŸΪһ̫ϳϡ
ͬʱʮһһЩǿҲһ˳ɫ
һһ߳ƼŨѹʮա
쿴Ⱥ߳Եúƽ
ǿء
С
ΪΣԣôһȺˣȻǷǳǿ
С辰ǣţĿѦҼϣĿڻүү
죡ѦҼһϮۣԣɨӹȥҲүү
С辰󣬱ôһȣʱŵһɵֽ˼֡
ɿСһܾʱǲЩĿѦҼвϣⶼŮĺСһ󣬻ǸӣһˣСʲô
ѦҼɫһ䣬һ󾳵СʿȻ˵
ڣҪȳ⣬˳ȥĳѦҼ񣺡ǰ;మǰܳȫһŬԡ
סڣѦҼԭ׼ȳɣʱƿڣĿ⵱ϣɭĵŮף֮ǰŹ㣬Ѿӣ㾹ҴΪҲɱ㣿
ʱ䣬һɰ켶ѹֱϣʹƵΪ֮ѹ£һʱֱԶڣɫҲһ±ò԰
ѦǰƽһЩ쿪ڣδʲôֱӱѹϵѹƣЦѦҼǳŮҲ۰ˣȻŮˣα̫ںΪࣿɿŮԼѾ˺ӣοɢǣǶŮˡŮĺӻǶŮˣƺһ¡


2404 ǿ
ѦҼһĿϡ
ѹϵѹȻһ˲ͱϢĸɢˡ
쾳ʲôˣ
ѦҼĵһ̿Ϊ
쵭Цţ֮ͥǰǲŹάغάأǺܳģǵͥҲܳ˵ֵܣΪͥһǰ֮Ůమǰܹȫ
ȻеͥԵ˵ţ΢ǧڱԻͥ󼶱Զɵ켶ԽػǱܶ죬ÿһڶԿ۷弶챦֮гƬ켶Իֶ죬ÿһڶΪЩΪͥ׼Ƹ񡣡
ǧ౦֯ʥԣÿһڶ֯żΪ˵ѹƬıʣÿһöżΪ˵ҩ㣬·ÿһö׹һ㡣
һʱ䣬ѦҼݣͬʱѦһǿߣҲΪ֮ɫ
ȻǾŸ쾳۷Ѧ̫ϳϣҲͫ͵һ
켶ıټѦңҲһ٣Ҷı쾹Ȼ־ǧ켶ÿһڱɢƣȻԿ켶۷屦ңǳƬıҲһѦҸ߲Ϊ֮ļ£ȳƬıѦеıɵƷ̫ˣ
죬ΪͳƸ
ƸȻǷάأ㲻üͷóҲֻͳſõɣ
ǰɻ⣿
쿴ѦҼ
ѦҼͫ΢ƣֿ죬ͷһЩ𺳡ѣν֮ͥʲôˣ쵱ǺһάˣάˣΪȴǾ켶Σҳ־Ȼ£ǧ۷弶챦ͳƬ챦óΪƸ
Ҳʱԣһĵһ̫ϳ϶֣һƬʥԽֱ֯ǧ켶ͳƬ켶ǰһڿռ֮
ϣ㡭
ѦҼ΢
ΪͳЩƸ񲻾ǴӦŻˣ
ƼһĻϵ¶ϲɫʱ˺ѦҼһ뷨
Ѧһ̫ϳϣǴӦѦ£
¶Ц⣬Ǽϲ£λǰڽɣС辰ҲǺ
ͣѦҵһ̫ϳϿڣĮʲôϲ£ɲδӦƵ¡˵ףΪһӣǧ౦ͱ͵ǶѦҵĲӴˣѦƣҲǷ߰ɡ
⻰ƵһʱɫͬʱͰҲǲɵü˵Ļ
ɫһѦҵһ̫ϳϣǰ̬Ҫڵ̫ѿ
ŶԷΪͳƸԭΪԷͬѦƵĻ£ʵϣԣȻƸǱ͵ͬ˻¡
ȻѦҵĵһ̫ϳϣȴƸ˵Ļ
ĻѦҵһ̫ϳϵɫһ䣬ЩĿ죺С㷽ԣʲôͥʲô֮ͥϷûڣĺСҰԼˣ򣬱Ϸ򲻿ȫ£
ɫǣõ
̤ǰһһƵѦҵһ̫ϳϵŵŵŵĺ˳ȥԶһײѦҵһǽϣʹǽֱѿ
ʵҪѦҶ׾٣ǣΪףȴһֱͿģþˣѦҵһ̫ϳϣΪͳƸȻߣв浱ӣ󣿣
㡭
Ѧҵһ̫ϳϱˣɫһӱò԰ŭ־Ŀ졣
ŭǣ쾹ȻҶ֣ǣɢʵ̫ǿˣֻڶѣȴȻ׾ٵľͽ۷徳Ƹĺˣֻǵƶԣ΢һʱһԿĸо
ɨ˶ԷһۣĿѦҼϣѦǰѦŮΪŮӦö㱣־ԵغТ˳ΪףоԵʸТ˳㡣ǣףҲûȨĻ
ʱĿֻѦҼϣŮڣ㽫Լ˵˵˲С辰ˣǵͷߣǧ챦켶͵ͥѦҡ˵ƻưС辰գǴߣά˼Ҳûã
ѦҼɫʱÿʱȻͻأǿơ
һѦǿҲɫһ䣬ȫ
쾹ѦǰųĻʵ̫ˣ
ҲʱĮһ뷢԰׵Ѧ̤ά˼ҲûãϷҪ㾿мֽ
ֻתۼѣѦ⡣
棡
ѦҼ
ͬʱѦһǿߣҲǸ
Ѧҵһ̫ϳѾ˻Ŀ죬Ѧ棬̫ſ
ѦĮڲΣɨƣƺԼһѦ£ȻҲ֪Ŀϣά˼ҲסѦҴߣ
죬ĿĮһֱӡ
ԣ
첻ԡ
Ѧ浱ЦȴЦЩ䣺֪νĶ켶ΪҲ˴Բ㣡Ϸʵڲף㾿ĵ˵Ȼ
˵ţɫ䣬켶ѹʱƺƵĳѹȥ
طʮռֱӱ켶ѹ֣Ϊ֮ƬƬŤ
ӭ켶ѹû˿ɵ
Ǿ㿴ҵĵ
䵭
еȫˣһ߸ѹǣǲܣ
ϢƵٴƾչ̼佫Ѧѹȫ𿪣һѦˡ
Ѧ浱һ쾳ǿߣȴȻ켶ˡ
㡭
ﬣ
Х̶ѦĻ̧֣۶ֻһǳѦǰ񽣱ֱڶԷüģâ£ѹ˻ġ
Ѧ浱ǾԽָüģɫʱǰˣһʱһвʶе궼ɵþʱҶ
ãҶеĽһʱͻὫͷ­ᴩʶеһ
ѦطһѦǿ߼һĻΪ֮ɫ棡
һѦǿߣǿѹϢʱ򶼳ǰȥ

ָѦüģųһȺѦǿߣĵôһ֣ˮư㵴Ѧǿȫɡ


2405 ֵԮ
ģѦһǿͬʱɣײѦͥϣ뷢ƺߡ
㡭
һһǿ߿죬һʱ䣬˵ɫЩ԰
ЩУŸ̫ϳϣ쾳۷壬ѦҼ쾳ڣһͨ϶Ǵں۷壬ôһȺһ֣һĹƺֲȻȴƾȫˣ˲ˡ
Ǻεս
áǿ
˫۷Ź⣬֪ԼĸֲĺܣʱһĻȴ¶ݡ
Ѧ汻ָüģѹѦҼˣˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ֻһת۱ѦҽѦҼҲһ롣
С
Ѧ֮ڣѦ濴죬ɫ
ڷŵһ˲䣬ȻѹˣһԿĸо
ΪҪ֪ǴڣǴڣһ󾳽磬£ڷʱȴȻȸоŭͬʱޱ𺳡
ѦһǿͬҲɫѦ޾£άأֻͳѹǣȻһ²صһ쾳ʿ̤ѦǰȴȻƵ뵽֮ڡ
ֱǳ裡Ѧңܹ裿
񽣣䵭Ŀ˵ѦѦԼˡ
֪Щʲô޷Ѧػɱ켶ر̤ѦѦѦ˶ԱȻս޾
û˵ʲô񽣣ֱĳѦ֮ȥֱ̤Ѧҡ
Ƹһ̤롣
ǣС辰ºͼһҲһ̤Ѧҡ
ѦɫһѦڣѦ۷弶ػɱ켶ıأѦŵս쾶ֱ̤˽
С㵹ǹ
Ѧ溮
᲻֪Ѧǿػ£Կ϶ǿԲµģɾˣʱȴǺ޹˼ɵֱ̤롣
ٲȻȫûнѦҷУ
Ķ죬һѦڣޱɱƵһʱ両ֶ
¡
ɱʱһֱӿѦҵػɱ
ңͬһʱ䣬Ѧһڱӡɳųʥԡ
켶ɱ
켶ӡ
ôѦң۷֮£˭

Ż䣬ϣޱɱڣɢɱˡ
ͬʱ켶ıӡҲŲ⣬Ϣѹʮ
ϢһʹüͰ˶ǲɵľϢʵڿ¡
ȴû˿ͼɵΪǺжǿ
ɱͱӡѹסڵ졣
ڣάǿߣǰҲû˿вԡ
񽣣ʼյĮ
У𶯣һâڽ֯ϡ
漴ûκһ˿Ķֱ̧֣һ
ﬣ
һ̶ޱɱƵһʱ͵ȫ顣
ͬһʱ䣬켶ıӡŴһɨǧԶ䵽ѦһƬɽ䣬ƬɽȺ
һĻʹѦѦҼ˸͵һɫȫ䡣
ǿһػɱ͵һƣѹ۷µκˣ񣬾׾ͱնɱ
񽣣Ѧˣڣҵĵ㹻
Ѧҵػɱ͵һȷʵܿ£սʵǵסģϾΪֻ쾳ڶѡȴһʵάأڷţάص֮֮ϣˣһС
ӭѦ˲ɵһӾŭһɵˡ
Ѧҧ˶٣ƺȥˣСҪۣ
Ż䣬һУֱ𶯹˲ʹùһС󱻼һռŻ
ⷽѦһΪ˼ֵһ̫ϳһæԷ裬ϸ˲ʱ󣬼ֵһ̫ϳϵŵʱϴѦ棬ѦдѣֱϵĴ˲ϵѦңԻǷϴѦ顣
λֵһ̫ϳϣȻޱƽάάе֡
˵ⷽѦĵ̺̣ʱչ
ˣ
ռŻʣ֯ʥԣ漴һ̣һߴ̤˳
һۣޱȻȻȻɢѹǿľˡ
ǰ
ѦһʱӭȥͬΪ켶ǿߣȴ߼Ϊ
Ϊ߿Ǵ쾳ͷǼֵĵһ̫ϳϡ
ֵά󶥼ͳ֮һߵĵλ˵ΪȻ
ѦҼԼѦҼ̫ϳϣҲǰ񣬶֪ö¡
Ѧһ˲֪£ȴȻϵʱֵߣ֪Էݣټ֮ԼһĴǶҲæΰݡ
߿Ѧ棬ĿƽǷѦһ飬˷Ϸ򣬰ѦһΣ塣˵ţ˵ɣʲôѣҪϷ
лǰѦٴд񣬶ָ죬ߵôѦңǰԼʹһˣһѹ
ԭһ죬ֻҪӦ辰ƵĻ£ͻ֣ѦԺͣҪ˷ѹѦҶ̡ǣԸѡǰߣΪʵ̫ˣˣѦҵҪţ
ԣֱӱ˹߻
Ϊֵһ̫ϳϣޱƽάžԿѹ죡
ߵɨѦ棬Ѧָŵ쿴ȥǴˡ˵ţͻȻɫ͵һ䣬һ̿ò㣡
쿴ߣ¶һĨЦɣ𣿡
ֵ߳ĵһʱ䣬ϳ˶Էάʱչ¶ֻһԷ׷ɱͬʱ׷ɱˣмֵǿߣԼҡ콣šں;⼸ά춥ͳĸ߲
ֻЩǸʱûռ˿ıˡ
һĻʹѦѦҼ˶Ƕݡ
ǰʶ
ʵ
ѦҼˣҲߡ
ʶȻʶ¶տտѦҵСһˣܺãܲǳ
죬ƿֻһˣ֮ǰ뿪άغһֱ׷Ѱټϧȴʼ޹ȴ룬ѦҼѦҿ죡
ֱľϲ
Ż䣬죬켶ѹһʱƵӿȣ˷ȫֱӳȥСעܲˣעҪҼֵУ


2406 սά
ѹӿѹʮЦһ졣
һ̣죬ʵЩҲû뵽ȻѦ֮졣
У죬Ǵֻأ
ֻصļֵж

ǿǴ˵е𶼼ɵ
ʲô˼󹦣ǰ
Ѧ¶ɫ
ѦҼѦ̫ϳϵҲǱŹ֡
ҲʱߺƵŰƣƵǰ̧ץ졣
֯۷켶ѹĴ֣ת䵽ǰܵĿռȫ˿ܵĿռ䡣
Į̧һƹӿ֮ϣ̧֣ն¡
ȴĸϵĹ⣬ڵάص֮
ﬣ
Х̶һĽŽάصĴ֮ݿ࣬ﲻﲻ
۵һ̽Ĵֵһʱ飬漴նĽƲԷֱڶԷϣ۵һԷնķ飬Ѫա
УûвҽзըҲһն顣

һĻɲǼ䣬Ѧ֮
쾳ѦڣѦȫˣ
ֵĵһ̫ϳϣޱƽάǿߣ񣬾Ȼһͱɱˣҽûܹ
ôôܣ
Ѧձò԰һƬ־ֿ־Ŀ죬죬ֻǲڵΪôһնɱޱƽάߣôܣ
ĿҵĲ֪֪ǿ񣬼ڵΪȻһն쾡ͷߣ̲ס𺳡
Ψºͼû¶ɫΪ֪ƿһʵأ췽һĨɱޱƽάߣάص֮
ƫͷ񽣣ĿٴѦϣڣô˵
ǼֵˣѹֻأȻʲô棬ֱնѦҵվһѦѦҵˣΪףȻѦЩֱϵɱ֣֮ҪȥѦ
Ѧ濴죬ɫѿҧѦҼų
Լ˶죬󱻷ϣɨɣޱƽάһնʱô죿η
ѦҼһ̫ϳϸɫÿѦҼ뿪ú󣬴һŮ߻
ŮһɫĳȹȣòҲֻɫЩ㲣ܿһЩۡ

С辰ǣţŮ߳ʱϲĽгһ¾˹ȥ

ŮǾѦһʥŮѦС辰־ϲ
ѦҼȴûб֪¡
ӣ˵ǰС辰ϲͬʱֲɵ¡
Ⱑ
ԭΪĹϵΪһӶԼĹˣû뵽ûþּˡ
ƼѦȻҲǼ嶼ɵ÷Ų˹ȥ

ڷ
ƣ
ѦҲǼдžϲ⣬ֵɫ
һڣѦڱһ
һ̣Ѧڣûκ˸ȥš
ԶԶĿһžۣɵ¶Ц
ĿϣǸɫԵļһ۽⡣ǣܹĸоƶѦİжôкŨ
ͬʱѦƺС辰̬ȣҲóԷƸӡ
ƺѦؾۣһؾۣϲֱʮǻָЩƽѦһ˽ǰΪѦµˣͬʱҲ֪Ѧ˴طѦң£
ִ磬лл㣡ллѦлǰᵽ㡣
Һ빲ֵܣԣÿ
Ц
ѦƵģܺؾۣΪƸˡ
Ѧֿºͼǣ̶лηŵļͣǳò
ﲻÿǲˣƺС辰žۣá
ᡣ
Ǿǡ
ɸ͵
һ˸ŻЦһߣѦ˵ɫɾͲôÿˡ
Ѧڣ˶ɫ
ѦҼɫ࣬߬˫֡
գѦҵǶˣһеĸԴȫŮϡ
סѦȻĵѦҼɫԲף֪ǣҺమͳȫǰɣ𣿡
ΪĲ࣬ĲҪģ˺ܺãȹûˣһԾͺӺõġһεĿѦҼֿѦѦһ̫ϳϣ棬λǣǳȫ
ǰǳȫ
ƿڣʱû̫ĻֻǾʮȹϺֿ
үү
С辰ЩӵĿѦҼ֮ǰȻѦҼЩ¶ԷʱȴҲٴοڣεĿѦҼ
ѦҼɫ࣬߬˫֣Ѧˡ
ѦɫҲǼÿ죬ֿƺѦһ̵ڻõЩϼһͬ⣿ڣǾȨ˵ţѦ߰ɣߣ͵Ѧûˣ
Ѧɫ΢ף棬ҡ
ԺһˣǣѦ㻰ܹܣ
ɨѦ棺ܲŶԷ֪һʲôǾѦάأάͳѦҺǿԣάضĲ󾳵ƣ䲻һʥŮƣڸһ壬𣿡
ûϵûʲôˣѦҵǿһʥŮĵλôҲͥǿƵĵλѦ棬˵һ˴ͥսǿһһʥŮͥƣ˭ĵλߣǿһѦͥǰʲôҲ㲻ϣ
޹Ż޹Ϊ࣬˵ĻƺѦĵλϱȸߵͣǣѦѦƵĻʼջǲϿɣɿƣɻǾڸѦңԣ˵Ļ
ҪԾԵʵѦ˵ǵ԰飬Ѧ´ӹϿƣĵϿѦƵĻ£һ
ѦǰѦѯһάȽϿտλãΪ¹ԭѦڣֱۺֻۣʮʶӻдֻ۵òά죺ңֵ콣ţڣǲ¹ԭǣάˣֻƿУҪֻصˣһ


2407 һսά
㣬㡭
ѦڣѦѦҼ˿죬ȫ󺧡
Ŀֻۣ죬Ȼƿ˴˵еֻأ
ǿǹϵҲƿص
ǿǣһ޵ɱ޵е
¼κ˶ԣǶϵջ
ʱ쾹Ȼ޹˼ɵչ¶ֻأ´άأȻսҵάصͳսάصˡ
һˣҪӭսά죿
Ƿ𣿣
ѦĿݣΪȻ죬ȴûƿֻһ£Ҳʱ֪쾹Ȼƿд˵еֻء
ңôҲû뵽Ȼʱսάء
֪֮ôȫΪƺ̫˰
սģάذ
죬̫Σˣ⡭
Ҳ¶ɫ
޷ûʲôˡЦŶƵѦ桢ѦҼԼһһ̫ϳϣ߰ɣȥ¹ԭúü֤һ¡
˵ţֱתԼһ𣬳ά¹ԭȥ
ƺѦɫѦǣС辰ȥ
Ѧ˸Ŀ𺧣ĿҵĲ漴ҧҲȥ

άأޱߣѦҴʮʶӻά
ܿ죬һһʿʶӻûñǴά졣
⣬
ֻۣƿֻأƿǴ˵е
ֻأһɣǿ޵е
άڣнڡ
ôԼ¶ԼʶӻάԼ
ʲô𣿣ⲻɵ𣿡
Ҫһսάˣ
ʿĴ˾ٸоǳɻ
ɻܿǱΪһ㣬ֻزҪġ
ټάΪ磬ʶӻͬĽ䣬һ˫˫ӽ̰֯˷ܵĹ⣬һһǿʿ¹ԭȥ
ͬʱά죬ҡֵ콣šں;ͳ߲ǵһʱ䶯̤ڣ¹ԭ
󶥼ͳһֱ׷Ѱټʼ޹ȴ룬쾹Ȼ¶٣Ȼս

ά죬¹ԭ
ƽ̹տԲûκɫ꣬ǿήĻƲݡ
뿪ѦңѾվ¹ԭġ
¹ԭΧɽɽʥΪŨºͼ˾վһɷĶԶԶĿ¹ԭĴ졣
Ѧ桢ѦҼѦһ̫ϳϣǸʱǾɷ֮ϣطԶԶĿ¹ԭ֮ڵ졣
һ˽սά죡Ϊܵסά
ѦĿȴֹסĲƿֻص£쾹Ȼ¶ֱֻӽսάˣ𺳸ڲˡ
ͷ۾úÿţֻ켶ΪҵҲѹά죡
ɵѦ档
Ѧɵ̬ȼΪȴǲʲôŮţǸҶʲôԻһ˲䱻Ĩɱ
¹ԭϽһЩƣз
쾲վ¹ԭϣۺֻѦδպϣһֱţʵۺֻۣѾԶκθ
ʱ䣬һš
֮Ҳ֪˶༶¹ԭ⣬ȺӰ֣ܼһƬ
ˣ
ɷۣ֮ɵȫʱ嵽άʿ
쾲վ¹ԭģҲǿЩˣûκһ
ͬʱתۼ䣬¹ԭ˸ʿطģֻһ˲ѣЩ˱ǿ¹ԭĵ죬ֻۡ
ֻֻۣۣƿֻأ
һڵʿ𺳡˷ܣһжǲɵý֯տտĹ
漴ವģƿյһʱ𣬳Ƭʿֱĳ졣
ֻҵģ
˽г
ӿƣһʱƵǧͬʱ죬ûʲôͣ٣Ǽ˺ܾõҰ޿ɿζһ㡣
УľںΣǿľΣһƼǿ
쾲վԭأһҲδ⵭Į
һȺ켶ʿһȺ켶ʿҲ㶯֡
ƿֻصǸ
վԭأûκζĶһȺ˳˹ĿС
תۣǧʿ嵽ǰץ
һ̣ǧʿһһըȫȻȻŵϢ͸
ѪˮɲǼȾ˵ر
һĻʱ佫̤Ƭ¹ԭڵһʿסûκһǧȥĺ쾳쾳ǿ߱ըЩˡ
ʱ䣬һЩֻעطĺ쾳쾳ʿͲ
һϣֻһ˶ѣŲ˶ãղţһͨǺֻأ
ޱƽ쾳ǿߵͺг׼켶貵ʥԡ
һ𣡡
ܣӦһΣʿ죬ӸͬĽǶȳ죬ʥƣܵпռȫϢˡ
쾲վԭأ֮ͬǰ㣬ûκζЩ˳ɱ
󣬵⹥ˣȫиķ顣
ಣ
ƿصϢƵ
һ̣켶ǿ߶ˣΪһߣʩӡץ졣
ͬʱͬķʮ켶ǿҲһ֡
ѹתѹǰ
δΨֻֻɱϢ

ҽеһʱޱȡ
ʮ켶ǿߣǴڣһԵڵأڵķͫн֯һһѪ˿תۼûϢ
ͬʱ̧֣۳񽣣һ
ﬣ
̶â𶯾
űһеɨС
۵ģѪһһըֻһ˲ѣ쾳ͺ쾳ǿߣһ£ȫ
Զɷ֮ϣѦѦҼ˸΢ɫ԰ࡣ
Ѧ֮ڣʵѾһնɱ쾡ͷļֵһ̫ϳϣԷЩ˶Ҫǿܶ࣬ʱ򣬼һĻȴ𺳾㤡Ϊֻһ˲䣬ֻһ˲ѣطʮǿߺǿߣȫĨɱǵȳʵЩǵ顣
һ˲նάʿսѦҵʮ
仰˵Ը⣬Ѧȼ壬һͿɻٵʮ֮࣡
ƾЩˣҲֻأ
ɺߵ
һ˾ɷ嶥ˣԶԶĿ¹ԭġ
ǵΪʶڵûκһ˿Ѷȡ
Ѫˮ¹ԭȾĸ࣬쾲վڻԭУһҲδƶ
ѪˮȾܵе档
վڻԭУһħ
⡭
¹ԭ⣬ʿһĻɫʱһƬ԰ס


2408 ɨ

ļ£ǿʮǿߺĺǿߣ񣬾Ȼһ˲䣬ֻһ˲ͱȫնˡ
ֻ켶Ϊô
һš
ڵΪΪʲôս
һ켶ʿеս
ƿֻأƿصֻԲȫ£οڵκ󣬻ܿһ󾳽ɱУֱ췽ҹ̷
Ȼ췽ҹ̷ȴеķǰͷ
ƿһһ¹ԭռطΧǳתۼ䣬طʮʿһЩ۷弶ǿʱϵ
ಣ
ɲǶѣ۷弶ǿ߶ˣٶȾˣѹˣֱץ졣
ң˶֣ط۷ǿ߳һѹ졣
תۣϰٸ۷弶ǿ֣߳һƣʮ
ɵ棡
½̫Ͻ
Хڵ
вʿڣȺϳ۷弶ǿߣǲϹŶ
վԭأĮĿųЩˡ
תۼ䣬˳嵽ǰдڵ̰ץͷ­зӡ֮⽻֯ȻҪѹ취ȡֻء
ӵĮ򵥲ܿһ񽣽֯ά֮һն˵ֱۣ֯һƬĿѪ
ͬһʱ䣬н֯ά֮һѿס˵Ĳӣֻά֮ѹ¶Է£ֻǿжȡԷʶ
ɹۣԺȥһˡ
ֻǿжȡԷʶһ˲֪˵ΪάصĵڶεĴɹ۵̫Ϲ
Ż䣬мά֮񽣣ĳն¡
֮ǿ᣿ֻǸ֮ϣȴҲ켶ʿԿ⣬תۼǽɹ۵̫Ϲն
漴ûκζĶӶ񽣣˦ͬʱڵάص֮߶ӡһۼͼ
ά֮Ĵ߶£ͼǿˣʹðǿǱܡ
е񽣲ʱն
ܿһ˵Ĺһ˹ᴩԷѹڶԷֵУֻǿжȡԷʶ
ţԺһˡ
Ϊŵ棬Էļ䣬ûκ飬ûڶԷڵ𶯣ά֮ڶԷڱֱӸ
ıûκα仯նˣӭˣά֮ϡ
ͼʣά֮һһ
µ񽣣նȥһ԰۷ǿߣޱ顣
ɵգԵš
½̣ǳá
Хڣš
һӭս۷ǿߣÿѹһˣѰԷնԷŴ֮ˣһһ£֮󣬰ȥˡ
ȻҪսǾսά
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ĿѪˮطһȾһƬƬգȾһ档
ط¹ԭΧѾаάʿۼ˿̼һĻһ̲ס΢֮ǰһЩɫ׵ˣʱɫøӰס
ǿǰ۷弶ǿ߰ά֮£޵еĴڣ񣬰ȼһΧ죬һ۷弶ǿߵΧɽȴ㣬һһ۷ϹŶ򵥵һնɱ
ңУÿζѰЩ˵ʶ׷ѰЩ˵һŵ֣ٲȻ׼֮ҪȥЩˣļ¡
һڵʿΪܹսɱ۷ǿ߶նһ㣿һڵʿΪܹţսѰ˵ʶ׷Ѱ׼֮ˣȫǾάһǶ֣
Զ¹ԭɷ֮ϣѦѦҼˣ
ʱչֳսǸˡ
۷弶ǿߣһսǿ󣿾Աȼֵǵһ̫ϳҪǿܶ࣬Ⱦ׸ɱһ֮ˡ
⡭ǿáǿ
ѦĿݡ
ȻƣΪʱչֳս𾪡
Ψºͼ˺ƽΪ֪ʵ
䣡
ǿʥ¹ԭƵ۷ǿߣǿڵ̫ϽҲһЩǿɢޣһһ˱ն˶Ǹ˿־塣
ವһƿ֮죬ʼˣԶ
ֳսֱ̫ˣֱǹ࣬ڵΪǰ۷弶ǿߵΧȻתۼնʮˡ
Ҫô

ת۶ѣ˶ݳԶ
˶ߣһʱ䣬۷ǿҲˣһԶ롣
һ̣Щ켶ǿ߶ˡ
ǵĸоУˣ
ӵĮЩӶݣֻ𣬾ֱ份޾ıԴֻع⣬άֱ֮֮ӳһǿĹ磬Щȫ˻
ﬣ
ûκζĻмά֮񽣣ն
һƬƵˡ
ȽһһˣѹǿʶֱĨɱ
Ǭɲڡ
նš
Οɡ
Ժ
ɹի
ĮȺдһ԰۷ǿߣӵĮŴеˣȫѰĨɱѪˮһƬƬķɽ
תۼѣ۷弶ǿߣе£ȫնɱ
Ҳʱ򣬼ն۷弶ǿߵһ̣ͬķֱѹƵӰͬתۼ伴
棡
ֵ̫ϵ
콣̫ϸ
棡
棡
̫ϵ
¹ԭ⣬һάʿһ
άأͳǿߣһȫˣ
άĴڣ
Сҵˣֻأټ㵹ĺܴ󵨣
ֵ̫ϵн֯޾ԡ
еɢȥά֮ӿµ񽣡
תۼ䣬һ貹⽣Ի
ȫȫά֮ۡ
֮
ﬣ
ûκζĻ̧֣żֵ̫ϵһ
Ľƣ˵Ľ٣գ۱ֵ̫ϵǰ
ֵ̫ϵ;ܣȻȴܲһ
̫ˣ
ۣ
ĿѪˮŽһ֮£ֵ̫ϵֱը鿪
һ˲䣬¹ԭˣʧɫ
ôܣ
ֵ̫ϵǿάĴڰάصĶ㼶ά֪е޴֮һ񣬾Ȼ쾳죬ֻһ͸նˣ
Զɷ֮ϣѦ桢ѦҼѦһ̫ϳ
ѦԶԶĿ죬ſڣ촽ڷ
ͬʱ;̫ϵάǿߣҲΪ֮ɫ


2409 նɱά
˶סˣֵ̫ϵǿάڰ񣬾Ȼһͱһն飬ѪȾ죬̫ˣ
˶ܸоУΪֻǲ쾳ڶѰ
ģѪ䶯죬ֵ̫ϳ飬ȴǲδת۱ؾ۳
㣡
һο죬άǿ־ŭάڣʱ򣬾ȻڵСʿһ˽ˡ
ǵάһڳĶ⣬Ҷޱ
Ǻεȳ裿
쵭ĮĿ۵˲ûκϢףһ̱ǳڼֵ̫ϵǰе֮ٴλ¡
һƸǿֵ̫ϵܣһαС
۵һѪˮŽάǿڣһٴαն

Ϊάǿߣֵ̫ϵǷǳǿģ𶯣ɿؾ۳ͬʱһԶľ룬ԼŭĿ졣
Σȶݵʱ쵱һն
֮ǰάʱǻֻܶ룬ڣΪûκα仯սȴȻô࣬ô£ôܣ
ͬʱ桢콣̫ϸ桢̫ϵ棬ʱҲ𺳣죬ɵͫһ
ʱ죬ΪͻȻôˣն鼫ֵ̫ϵΡ
ֵ̫ϵʵ˿Ҳǲ
һʱ䣬죬άϴڣݵû˶𾪡
ӵĮɨ˳ξļֵ̫ϵûȥ׷ֿ桢콣̫ϸ桢̫ϵ棺Ҫҵֻʲôƽɨӹάάǿߣһϰɣúõĸһ£ʲôʲô
⻰˵ķǳƽ˶Уȴǳ˷̡
ſĶ
溮
ά䣬漴Ⱥ󶼶ˣͬʱ䳯춯֡
άѹƵѹư˻ġ
ֵ̫ϵαʱĹƵɱ⽻֯ѹϰ˻ġ
ʮգתۼǱȫ
治ɫе֮Ӷһ֮ŷڡ
άǿ߼ĹתۼǱ顣
ɫһʱøɭͨ𣬸ִҲһһչ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵײһƬһƬռ䱻顣
Ӷ֮һսάǿߣϵıûκһ˿仯
๻ˡ
ƽе֮ͻأ貶Ŀ֮άӿ̧е֮ƽĳżֵ̫ϵһն¡
ٶĽ̼ûУתۼֵ̫ϵǰ
ģ
ۣ
ֵ̫ϵĻﱻϣʥһٴα顣
ңһΣҲһʧ
һ˲䣬¹ԭϣһάʿ
ôܣ
Ŀľ
ֵ̫ϵһάĴڣ񣬾Ȼնˡ
ˣ

ԶɷϣѦѦҼԼһһ̫ϳϣ£ɫһƬ԰ס
죬ڵΪʱ򣬾ȻնһάĴڣ
ά󶥼ͳ֮һļֵһ̫ϵôɱˣ
¹ԭУ桢콣̫ϸ桢̫ϵ棬άĴڣһ̣ҲΪ֮͵һ
㡭
˶죬ʱɵһɾ㤡
ֵ̫ϵȻôնˣ
⣬ֵǡ
ƽ
䣬˲һ۳Ľǰ
˽ǰûκζĶе֮ն¡
˲ûüӦӭͻأһֻڴæʥ
ֻǣȷ֮ǰȴԵ̫ڴˣתۼ㱻ն顣
֮Ʋֱѹ£֮⽣֮¡
ۣ
ѪŽһֺ;ĲҽУطһӰ١
ᣬᡭ
¹ԭϣһάʿɫٴξ䡣
ֵ̼̫ϵ֮ҵά棬Ҳһ֮±㱻նɱˡ
ˣ
ûЩ˵𺳣֮콣̫ϸ桢̫ϵƽȥ
콣̫ϸ桢̫ϵǲɵ΢𣬸ɵҧ
һ̣ವһ콣̫ϸˣһٶȳԶȥһ۱ǳȥԶϵնΪ伫ٶȶŤˡ
ͬʱ桢̫ϵҲǶʼˡ
죬ǵսֱ̫ˣǸ벻ڵΪܹսΪˣҲΪ»״ݵɱУ̫аˣ
ӡˣ
¹ԭϣʱۼάʿѾҪﵽǧˣʱ콣̫ϸ桢̫ϵԼ⼸άǿھȻֱ߶ȥһǲɵΪ֮ݡ
쵭ĮĿ˶ߣûκεı仯ۺֻͬʱޱߵֻ֮֮ͬʱӿ֣ݻкֻӣʰ˻ġ
ģתۣȫȥ·ֻӺء
߾ߣΪ˭
쵭Įе֮ɱâ
̧֣һն콣̫ϸ
콣̫ϸŭһάʥһȫչֶӭնĽâҳʥ塣
˲ٴμһγ콣̫ϸ
ﬣ
ûκζĻе֮һ䡣
콣̫ϸ㤾ŭ⡭
ۣ
ѪˮŽȾƬա
콣̫ϸֱն飬
Դˣıûκα仯·ֻնһݰ㣬桢̫ϵ棬е֮ٴλӳһ졣

ҽдʡ
汻һУͷ­ѣ飬ʣµҲŻɻҡ
ıûʲô仯֮øӷڣ貵ĽâҪⷽ¹ԭȫûĿھ̫ϵϣֱһն¡
貵Ľ⣬ƥĽ֮ɵһ֮գۻ
Ѫһſ̫ϵδܿһɲǼ
תۣάǿߣάͳ棬ֻʣ滹ţ˫ȫɫҲǱòҰһƬЩССѣϷ֪ˣһж֡飡


2410 άʧ
ľսֱ̫ˣȫ޷⣬̶Ƭ̼䣬ͬȼ˾Ⱥն붼
СʲôҪ󣬾ᣡֻҪŹϷϷʲôҪ󶼴Ӧ㣡
˿ֿڡ
ҪҪ
ƽе֮֮֯ȥ
ļ£ӭ̲סˣ㡭αҪôûʲôʧ
첻мάˣҲ˵ô֪Ļô޵ڵģ
Ż䣬˲һγڶԷǰһնԷ
וּһ̶֮ХױȵĿֲƣѹȰ˻ġ
澪ŭ֣𣬽ʥܴޣӭһ
ȻȴǺá
ۣ
ѪˮŽ޾ܱ֮£浱ը
꣬һ
һ˲䣬ټ¹ԭʱһƬˣȫˡ
ô᣿
ά֪еάڣͳһǿ棬һ죬¹ԭ֮ϣȻһڵʿתۼȫĨɱ
ټ¹ԭϣģɨ¹ԭάǧǿߡ
˭ֻأ
ƽ
һʱ䣬ŵŵɵ¹ԭΧǧʿˡ
ֻܹغеϵطЩ˸ʵάľӢǿߣ󲿷ֶ۷쾳ΪһӭĿ⣬ȴɫ԰ףûһ˸ҳ˵˫۶û
ɨЩˣһγ¹ԭɷ֮ϡ
ΣͥѦҿɲͥƣһɷѦʥŮ
Ѧ档
Ѧ΢ɫһƬ԰ףߵǰ죬֫ɵö¡
ˣ
һ˴ͥսսά죬άǿǰ󶥼ͳάȻֵˣһ⣬ȫתۼնɱ嵽ά쾫Ӣǿߣȫŵɫ԰ףûһ˸Ҷҳ
һ죬һ˴ͥսάʧ
µǣΪֻ쾳ڶѣ
ˣܲ
һ̣ӹᵽĿͥĿ£ںǾ㤾塣֮ǰ˵ԣѦͥǰʲôҲ㲻ϡ
ΪͥһƣѦﻹҿʸȥ
쿴Ѧ棺ڣ㻹һʥŮͥƵĻ£
Ѧ浱ٵҡͷѦֶĻ£ԽͶˣֶܼѦҵҫ˵ţֿƵ衭ֶǰҵ飬С辰ȥ˺ϷѦⲻǣպ󣬾ͽˣ
ƺ辰ԣޱȾϲ
лл棡
ллǰ
ȺѦ
漴ֿ졣
ִ磡лллл
辰Щϲ
ôҲû뵽ǰűǿƺС辰ֿȴǵžۣĵƵĻ£Ͽһ
һУΪ졣
ûƸûϣԶҲԼĺˡ
죬лл
ƿ쿪ڣǼ
һսά죬ֻΪѦҴӹϿޱȸж
ЦŴһ£ֵܼ仹л֣
ɵЦӺס
ʦлл
С辰ͷ죬ĵͬʱСǳݡ
ЦСһСԴлСֶӡ
ºͼ˶ȺƺѦϲ
ܹһС辰ĸˣ˶ˡ
κѦǰǸСѣȥѦϢΣ죬ƺ辰ЩнȻΪֶ;ʽ»񣿡
쿴Ѧ棬ЦѦǰþнȻͬ˾ƵĻ£Ѧͥ׼ңÿʲô߰ɣȥţΪǰǱ롣
ѦѾϿƣͬѦĻ£Ҳ
һ죬µһٴεѦҡ
֮ǰһһΣѦҼӭϹ͡
ѦڣѦ¡صΪƺ辰һѦء
ˣһۣ¹ȥ
µˣѦҴ˰£һ뿪
Ѧƣһ뿪
ܿ죬߳ѦڵɽԶ
ֱӻάأҷʦǣ
߹һξ졣
ͰˣҲ졣
ЦȥݷάһЩ̴С
¹ԭϣά̴ֻأȻֻЩˣǣЩ˵Ķڲˣɲôˡ֮ǰѰɱһǿߵʶѰǿߵҪһһȥ
Щ̴УܵȡһЩ
ԣ˫۷Ź⣬֮ǰ¹ԭһսȻ˼
Եģϲ
߬˫֡
쿴ģǺЦǺ
ѵӰ
ҡ
̲סЦ
ɺǣάأȥºһƬʥɽȺǰ
ʥɽȺΡ磬ӵʥޱˣȥڣһһĹʥʣһһձ֣йݰգɷǷ
ҡ

Ѧǣάطǳ˽⣬Ȼ֪ҵλڡ
һ죬һûаͣ٣ֱ̤ʥɽȺڣ֮ܿ⡣
㣬㡭
⣬һǿ߿֣һǴɫ԰׵ˡ
¹ԭһսһ˴άʧѾάȻ֪ʱһά涼ɱ˵˵ǵǰһʱɵһӿ־ŵŵɵĺˣ֮ڡ
µˣƽصңһʱֲ
㡭ʲô
ҡ廹ػɱάʥ㡭
´ңҼһһ̫ϳȫ˳˲סķںɱһ죬еĿ־ȴڵסңʱвҲȫûһ˿һơ
ΪĵǲΪԼһػɱάܹвõ죬ʵ¹ԭһսı֣̫ˡ
ػɱάʥǿûáȰòҪԣܻȾѪƽһǰ׷ɱֻأҪһ㣬ˣܼ򵥣һĴйžЩۻµԴȫתߣ򣬺Ը
⻰һҼһ̫ϳϣʱɫ
˵ʲô
̫֣
Щ˾ŭ
йžκһж֮أԴڵĸЩۻԴǼֵǼ巢չڣ쾹ȻҪȡС


2411 ɾ
֣Ҽ߲ĻƽһƵЦһ׷ɱֻصʱ֣ڣǺ֣
һڸ߲ʱ㡭
Ҫϻ̫࣬˵ȥҵͷߡԶ֣һ壬ȻٴҪĶ

һڸ߲㵱
һЩҧҪַȴסˡ
ǰЩӣ¹ԭά죬һ˴άʧĲҷ
գԼһάйžȡάʥһ켶켶ȡɵĵرȡ졣
ǡ
ѦĿ𺳣ά촫޾µңͳ֮һȴԹԽڵһȫȡϽ졣
̫ǿˣ
źߣ
ЩĺߺߣԼĸףƼֱ̫ǿˣɨС
ºͼƽû̫ı仯
Լû˵ʲôȡЩֱкºͼ뿪߳ҵĴţԶȥ
Ҽһ̫ϳȫ߬˫֣뿪˸衣
ֱһʧҰУһв˷𣬷ŭ衣
ͬʱҲһ˿롣
ԹۻһУһ죬ȫûˣȫߡ

ºͼ뿪ңܿ߳Զ
¸ȥģ
ʵһģƯĴ۾úܡ
ֵ
Ц
άάһֻ޾ǳһƬޱȺ嫵Ĵɣ֮һˣȺټֵ콣šڡ½̺Хڵ̴УȡЩ̴ейžԴ
Уûκһд̸ҷܲʷŭȴֻ
ѽ׬
˫ġ
øлǵĿ
Ц
Ⱥ߹ҡֵ콣šڡ½̺Хڵ̴УȡԴԺܾˣеĹžͱֻеɵҩĵر;ʹߵڼ̵ʱڶ̤Ρ
һڱԼžȣҲǼֵͥʵڶʱ֮ࡣ
߰ɣάء
Ц
һ죬ºͼά뿪ܿǻصά֮С
صάأҵŶŶ֮ݳľλʦֺͰӢ۵˵ټûñǽȫѰһ
άͥһϤѾۼһ𣬰ڷ
СʦܣʦΪ١
Ц졣
ǿ󡣡
Ц
ʮľŴ𣬶֪ǰЩʱսܸˡ
ʦҲǿ
ͷȻѾúǿʵԶԶ˷ͻˣھǰȴʼպǫѷ̬ŵķǳ͡˲ֻʦ֣ԣֳĴڡ
ѽ
С̫ͷܿԣȴ˵ĺܿɰ
ʦ
ҶͯСݡ
ֻͻˣ˶֪ǰʱս͡
ǿ
ԶԶǱȽϳĬԵͣͬʱôһ֡
ҶĬĬһԣû˵ʲôΪ֪жôǿ
һУʵȣ֪ܹ£졣
һ˵ά죬һսʧ׻һҡͷƣĵ벻벻СȻҲϲˡ
ȫ嶼
Լ޶һ߿أ
ӴСͻүųƾ˫ϱ߿үϾ£ģ׻˵úϦ·ˣ˵õġֻ򻨴ɣһ»ôǵԼ
׻һʧ
ƶʱǺ߿
һԿɵþʮֻ֡
˵Сӣ˵ά˲ٺö죺ȡ⼸үۿˣĵر̹ȫ¡
бûϢ
ô˵ţһּ䣬ȡĵرɵҩԽ֯ʥԡ
ЩǷ׵ҩһ죬ֱӽЩƽķָطһˡ
Щɵҩһ꣬ǾͶ̤Ρ
ð
˫
һۣһҹܿȥ
գΪάõɵҩĵرȣһ˶άͥڱչأЩɵҩĵرȣͥͬλ
ΪǻͬʱҲĬĬС
ˣʱһΣתۼ䣬һʱȥ
һʱڣͥϿʱʱ׽ԻһУƿάȷˣͻƴ󾳽ʱ췣ǰͥĺɽ١
ֱһһȺأ쵱Ԥϵİ㣬̤쾳
ˬ
У̶һʱ䣬ӵת۷̤뵽쾳ڡ
Ҳһ죬ͥϿգ̶ٴը죬һ޴оֱԻ
ɫ⣬ԵϢҪһС
һʱ䣬ĬĬΪһ˻ԼҲڼ򵥵Ϳ̤Σȴһֱȵһȫغһ죬̤쾳
⡭
׻ۡ
ת󾳴ﵽ쾳Ѷȣֻʹڵ쾳൱Ϊ·Խǵ棬ԽѡȻһ޾ĵرһʱڴתﵽ쾳ȴǴڴﵽΡ
ֱˡ
ⶼ쾳ˣٶô죬ȫûпĵرƶ
治λĺˣ¼˭ܱȣֻǽػ

ԭδǰѾǿˣһֱѹͬģڣǿˣǿѾǿĳ̶ˡ
¡
άͥڣ׽Ϣ𶯴ء
֮£򵥶ɽ٣η塣
䣡
䣡
䣡
׷һһ䣬ȫڰ֡
֮һǧ˰׷ȥⳡ켶췣Ǿʹֹסʧ
⽫һǸùǺֻ쾳ѣѾ˽ӽǧֵ׷֮󣬵ȵǧپپ׷ָǺεȳ棿
Ͼƹ˵ǧپڣÿ̤һС̨ףǧ׷үҹţСӵǸʱٵءپµٷ
׻ֹ
ιϻҲ£Ųˣ
Ӣ۵ɰ׻
׷׷ǺεȵĻ棿˾㤡
ڣ켶׷ɢȥ߲Ÿ֡
߲ƴµ߲ȹ̾磬ֱ߲ɢȥ쾳ΪԳȹ̡
漴̤ͥڣһˣЦȥά죬ͥ


2412 طӡ
ʱȥһ󣬴ﵽ쾳Σȥάµͥ
Ĵ㣬ǽͥһ·ά֮ϡ
׶ΣάڣѾûжˣά죬ڴʱȥάشͥǷǳõʱ
ңΪﵽ쾳ΣԽ֮ϵĵطӡˡ
ʥԶάػάؽá
㻰һǶû顣
£һ죬άͥ˺ͨάص֮ţµˡλʦ֡˵ά졣
άϣɽԶάҪˣ˺Ͱ˵һεƬأǲɵöݡ
ԭάڵʥѾǳԾˣάȴ𺳡
ѹϲڵʿǰǿֲеʥŨȣһһţܲǿôǿ鵮µãѪοܲˣ
п
ǣϲص飬ʵ̫̫ˣȫûȡ
ûʲôˣһ档

׻ͷ˶ٵ˵ɳҲǹȤˡ˶Ǵӹ߳һ磬㵹ã磬һعȥ
֪ϸ˵Ǿά飬άǵһ
άһҪάϴ򣬿ɲһعȥô
죺
˷ۣѰĵططӡٽͥ
ô˵ţһ뿪طúѰһȽϲڣܿ֯ʥǳŨһԶһЩֱӿʼ
ֻһɲǣϵĵطӡƿ
䣡
ʮأԲʮڣܵһʱ
޾ܵһ˲ǽû
طһʱ䣬񷶼Ϊ֮ɫ
һһڵĿֲʶ鲼Ұ
⣬ǡ
һ
һĿĻ棬ǵȳֱ̫׳ˡ
쫷罻֯ܺصԶӿǻʵ̫гˡ
ͬʱԱߣҲݣҲǵһμĳ
Ͼƹ˵ÿϵһطӡǱܱǻűǣһڽĶʱԲʮڵ޾ܵԭⳡ桭
ƶ¡
䣡
ܵӿڡ
һʱתֻľɿЩܵѪ֮ڣ֮ԼΪңͬʱҲܵ
ʱľżٱǿΪҲŷɿ
ʱ䣬һš
һۣչȥ
ˣ
պһ죬طűһ޴Ÿ
@#άˣŰѣ⣬үǡ
׻̲סֿڡ
СҲ̫˰ɣ
̶̰죬ʹڴﵽά
ˣ
񷱬̶ը졣
޴кʣڰգ۽ܣԵϢԽԽ¡
ԶЩ
кһ˳ŸԶȥ
άٽ٣ǵȻϢʵ̫ŨˣľɲǺԶһһ˲ͻѡ
ܿ죬һ˳ȥԶͣ
Ҳʱо˳ȥ㹻Զ쳹׷ſϢʼɽ١
䣡
䣡
䣡
׷һһﻯһ׷ĺ
ӭ׷޾壬ҽֻؽأһɽ٣ٴδ
ˣһۣǧֵ׷ⳡάٲɢȥ
У߲Ƹ֣һŵ߲ʥԣ֡
߲ʥȹ̵ǰά硣
ͬʱ΢ֻؽܶƱñ֮ǰӵ
ܿ죬ʱȥ߲ʧάΪȫȹ
һ̣ӼԴʥӰ磬ǿ
ΪҪǣ⿪ϵĵطӡܸоԼı仯һʵңʱؼ䣬ԶӿȥܵҪࡣ
ʣڵٶɻñ֮ǰ졣
ңһ㣬ʵڵάأҲԱǿһЩ
һ㣬ƿάصȻܹоĺ
ԴˣǺ⣬н֯һտտĹ
˶٣΢ֻؽڡ
ҲʱವƿºͼˣС̫ˣͰˣͻˣȫǰ
̬̬
׻סҡͷ˵⻰ʵҲʲô졣
Ҳ̿ڣжž̾
ڵ죬̫ˡ
ǣѾһϵˡ
쵭ЦûʲôķӦ˶ٺ󣬺һ뿪ط
һʺ̵ĵط
˵
άطǳκһڣеʥԶάŨȻҪά֮ϣȻѰһάԶԲڡ
ҵǣһУʦԼҲԵһ;ǳó֮ѦֶάޱϤǣûйȥ̫õʱ䣬ǱάѰһǳ˵ڣص֮޾֯֯ʥˣҵάͳ֮ҪʮΪά֮ͥٺҲˡ
һͬʱ֣һɵձԶֿ̻ػȣķһҵʱ䣬άͥȫãԻ͵㡣
Ҳһ죬Զ֣ʮʶӻά죬άάͥĳάͥӵܣ߱ʵµˣԼ֮ͥڣάžԹС
һʱ䣬άʱڡ
һǰǸˣ˴Уͥ
ʣֻҪ߱ʵµ壬Լ룿ˣ
άĹžֻҪͥǶ⣬⡭
ά֮ڣһʿ𺧡
һ̣ά죬нڣһһʿǶ
䣬һһʿɿ쳯ά̵ͥسȥ
һǰһ˴άʧ˴µĴУǱõжྪˣңУʣֻҪ߱ʵµͿɼ룬ͬʱͿάĹžƣǶά޾ʿ
ֻǶݵʱάͥڵأʿ嵽
ҡҪ룡
Ҽ룡
嵽һάʿǺ쾳һĿâ
ңͬһڣѦһڸ߲ͬʱǰףأάڵһ̴УһڴǽԲԼͬĵάͥĳ


2413 Ѫ
Ⱥӿ϶ά֮ͥأС
һ죬άͥĳνǳԲͬʱǰ㣬ʢǰ
ֻһնѣάͥʿڣں쾳ǿ쾡ͷɢޣһԽάʷκһС
ֱ֮ʢǽƽϢ
ҶһѩǡҶͯСҲڣ콫άͥһ˽˴ֹһµɱɽҲάϴǧֲͥ
ЩֲͥΪάͥռά鱨ԼԴȵȡ
һ֮άͥ׵졣
Դˣ⡣
ͥһͥһɳȻһԺС
Ҫ׼άˣ
һºһ죬ɱĸ첲ʵ
ˡЦ֮ǰһ£ȥάء
ﵽά磬Ѿά˺֮ŵάˣʱʱȴŴɺһά졣
һַɣͬʱԼ˵顣
Ͼάڵάֲ֪֮ùȥټ
ѽѽ
ǿġ
쵭Цһ죬Ů߳άͥάڼ򵥵ߣͬһ㣬¼߹άһ䡣
ͬʱУҲʱʱڲֻأΪطӡֻصøǿˣʱʱֻһϵĵ
ˣһۣһȥ
һʱȥԼ߹ά䣬һ죬ںаӿ
˲ǿ˼ࡣ
Ϊˣ
ɵۡ
άڡ
Ц
һʱֻʱʱĲֻأȫûȥǣڽصĻάڵĻʥӿڣǵӿڵٶҪ˺ܶܶ࣬ʹľΪʱ޿̲ǿԣһʱȥ֮Ϊάڴﵽάڡ
ͬʱУһʱڽػʱʱֻأֻҲ˷ǳ޴ĳɾͣѾƿصɵֻء
ң֮ţ򣬹˶þƿصֻء
ʵǣڻ⿪طӡǱһ˵ľ䣬ڽطӡǿ̫ˣصľ޴
̬
淭ۡ
ûһʱȻʹάڴﵽάڡ
¶ɵԶݣڵ죬ʵ̫ˡ
ǻҲֲ̫ˣŽطӡѣҪȫ⣬ǡ
ﲻɵö¡
룬콫ϵķӡȫ⿪󣬸õжôĿֲ
ʱ򣬹ƾͬµͨǰˣϵΨҶ
Ǵ۾ĸ첲ǳݣ漴ʵǵʲôʱܽүүϵĵطӡ
ôʣꡢѩҹϾҲ죬¶⣬һ㣬ҲȷʵЩ档
ά֮󣬼ſվ񾳡Ż꾳ά˸µĹϣﵽŻ꾳Ϳ⿪ϵĵطӡˡ
һƬС֣ǳͨС֣һߺ˵Żһ߳Զȥ
ܿ죬һ¹ȥػάͥС
󣬽ȥļʱͻˣͰˣС̫ˣҶ졢ҶͯСѩǵȣԴȺ߻ء
һ˶Ϥ콫άأϻ͡
ܿ죬չȥ
պһ죬׼ǰάأһһʱ
ֱһ죬һ˶Ļͬǰ㡭ȫһ
ͬʱһΣûҪһάأΪʵ̫޴ˡ
˾ͻЪϢ

Цŵͷ˵˺ܶ໰ٴκһ˵漴ֱάͥ˺֮ţһ̤Уʧά֮ڡ
ͨάص֮ţһƬڰʲôҲоҪǳѹ֡
֮Ҳ֪˶ãǰ²ʵʵϡ
ȥǳƬɽȺÿһǸʥޱȾˣԶάɱȡ
ܵһƬƬɽȺоſеĻʥвɵ¶˿˿Ƶľâˣά
䣡
ͻȻǰо˵ʥܺϡ
ۿȥԶһȽϿտһ˱һҵкȾѪ˼صϣĶЩˣϢ㡣
ʮʿϢǼ񾳼ǿڡ
вʿأһĻǶݣæ˱ܣ±
ǡʥĺˣ
񡭡ȷʵǡ
һʿĿ⣬кϣʮ׷ɱ˺СкĿⶼǺܸӡ
䣡
˵ʥܺƵʮǿ׷󣬸ɨƬɱ⡣
Ӳˣ

ʮˣβһһ׷ɱˣһ߾ʮеˡ
Ȼʮ˲һ
¡
ʥ𶯣ɱ֮˺ݺɣϢһ˲˥㡣
ŵСкܵ˦æ̧ء
ʮٳˣĿػŵСкϣд̰;âͬʱ䣬ӾĽ䱸ˡ
ҪվСкӣ˿ȴվˣѾ˥͹ȣһʱ䣬¶ŨŨľͱߡ
ʥˣ𣿵һ֮ά׶Ƶ˾ӽħ⣬ΪάսôĵϵˣȴΪĻѪϣ峹ױūңסСүˣūңûðݺᣬʮˣޣȺ
Զ֮ǰͿ˲˱Скڱ׷ɱȴǲû⣬ϾûʲôϵѾڳԶȥѾ߳˺Զ
һ̣ԶԶ˺ĳߺͳ޵ĻȴǲɵöݣŲͣ
ͬһʱ䣬׷ɱ˵ʮ˾˸ˣӱ䣬ֻǶ˻ŵСкͬʱ໥ˣֳ̽Скץȥ
˾ıСкԲСүūûܱ㣡
ʥܽ֯쫷磬ʮ˶Скֽ֯ޱʥԣתۼǰ
ﬣ
ͻȻХ̶һĿâն䣬·δ֪ˡ
ˣά𶯣֮۳֮һʮȫСͬʱһ̳ڲ˽ǰǰٴնһƱøǰһһѹʮˡ
ʮͬʱһֹסΣܣܿĽ⡣
ʲôˣ
ܿնʮ˵ĿϣԴһӺ⡣
ͬһʱ䣬˶ݣȾѪؼʱ̳ıӰĿⲻסĲ־ϲ


ڶʮ ʮ


2414 ʥ֮
ۿžҪѣû뵽Ȼͦǡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰѾ̫̫ãûҪְæ
ҵСк˻ţСϹܾͺ£ʱĿҲϡ
Сӣǣ𣿣
ʮ˿죬ӽǷǳ䡣
ۿϾҪᵽСкȡѪȴǱ˳
ǿ죬죬жǴɱ⣬һʱȴûҶ
ΪеĹ⽣ûɵĸоļ£һּǿľ㤸С
쿴ʮˣĿ䵭
˺Скʶǣ֮ǰĻȴݣСкػάصӢ֮ȴƬصԴָоӵϵʿһȺС裬ʵܡ
ԣʶⲼ˺СкƬάصˣʱȴҲ̲סǲӦĶԴ
ʮԣһʱɫøɭ¶ɱ
Ķ
ʮ˵˶֣ȻЩɵеĽܹоµϢǶлѪСкȴǷǳ⣬ֱӼʥѹȥ
Ҳ֣ɱâͬʱѹ£ʮռȫ
ССֵܣССġ
̲סڣΪ
챳Ųˣӭʮ˶֣һƬĮе֮ø貣иά֮ӿ룬ֱһʮն¡
õάأʱʱȥ˽꣬άѾһʵɱ䣬ǿʢ˼̤࣬άڵάűøǿˣ񣬵֮ڼŻ꾳޵С
ﬣ
Х𶯳ա
͵ģʮ˼ʥâɱһʱǱȫ顣
ң֮ӳ֮ĽƲʮѹ䡣
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ƬѪըǰʮˣһʱǱն
ʹԶϵһȺʿľݡ
ǹ⽣ʲôΪֻάѣȻһͣ͡
Щ𺳡
ά֮󣬼ſվ񾳣Ż꾳ά
ֻάѣЩ˶Ըоõȴʱһնɱʮ񾳵Ĵڣ󾳽һɱУ
ʲô
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ𺳣ӵľϲ
ǣս̫ǿˣȻάΪ׵Ļɱǿߣϲǣְǵôǿǽգʥĺ˾Ͳˡ
Ск죬Сϵĺ¼˺ܶ࣬ıӰвɵ¶֮ɫ
׷ɱ˺Скʮˣŵˣʱɵý¶ŨŨľ㤡
㡭㾿ʲôˣ
˼ɵĶ죬ڵ
Ҳ죬һʱ䶼û˶ղһ̫ˡ
쿴ŻŵЩˣе֮ٴ̧𣬸նȥ
Щ˾ԲʲôöǣûҪ顣
ﬣ
̶Хٿ켫ӿһʣµȫ֡
һ̣۵ģѪһը飬Щŵˣתۼ
ѪˮĵȾ첻١
⣬⡭
ԶϵһȺ˼һĻɵýǾ㤡
άΪѣնʮǿߣֱ̫ˡ
Ǳʲô
Щ˿ó֮նɱʮǿߣȫΪеĽ
ȻܹоϵȺʿڿܸоǵľɫ𺳣ȴû⣬ת˺Ск
ССֵܣллллл
˳£ΡΡĳͷ϶֮ǰ
æֹϲ
ôһ˳ͷЩܲ

磬лл㣡ѽСкͷ죬СϴŸмǳݣֿˣ֮ǰĺʱȫɢȥһϲı飺үүǵþˣ
ܣ壬СкЦŵͷ͵һѪˮһȥ
СкʱһˣЩʧ룺үүôүү
оɫʥӿⲼ֣Ƭ̺üͷ΢΢
ԷԴǹˣһֲڱѾ죬ʮͻɣûκܾȵˡ
үүүү
СкϵĽš
ûСүūû¡˻ȾѪҲѪ԰׵ϴżΪǿЦСк죺ССֵܣССүǡǻʥ˵ġˡ
ʥˣά֮һĻ취򡭡뼺롭ѪڣɾͻġѪү˻ʥ˵ĻѪֻֻҪɳʮ͡ƿص취򡭡
ССү˻Ѫ¡©˷ǰᣬΪֻҪֶλѪԴͿɡȡѪƿء취򡣻ʥˡδ壬˶ϡ塭ԽԽûܡסЩˣȫˣֻʣ¡ūСү˳
ūˡ˵Խˣ϶ѾЩ˵壬һĿ죺ССֵܣ󡭡㿴ڣڻʥˡΪػƬء׳ķϣաչүá𣿡
Ĭ˶٣˵ͷ
ǰСкΪάػ飬һλʥͣʥ֮֮ˣƬصˣ֮Ϊ˶һ鷳
ͷͬ⣬˶ʱ΢԰׵ɫ¶ϲɫллллл˵ţСССүԺҪλ⣬λ
˵ţ˾һѪˮԿӿеת۱ɢ
үүүүôүүСʱ󼱣Сץ˵䣬ֹסķŶ۾᣺ѣүүѰѰ
̾ϢСȻ꣬ȴͨķ˺ӣǿʿ֮ԣʱῴѾȥˣֻԽܶѡ
Ϊɡ
˵
ûУүүûûУ
С˵䣬۾вᣬĸĸǰͲˣһֱչȴôȥˡ
֪Сѹ˵ʲôҲûаο£ʱȥοСһ޸׸Щ
үүҪҪ
С˵ϲϴޡ
쾲һԣֱС޵˻߻ʹȥǶСһﱧ𣬶˶ٺ󣬼׽˵ʬٻһռǻ𣬶СԶȥ


2415 취
ŲɽʥŨСһɽ䡣
໣
𣡡
ɽ䣬޺죬Ũתۼǿάɱ
ŸǰͷǿάޱͲһʱͬŵСȻȻŵǿѹһҲҶ
ûͷɪɪޣɽ䣬úѰһСɽȡ
ɫֲܶ࣬ܰУСڹڵһʯϣԼһԡ
ʱ䣬һţܿ죬ʱȥС˹
үү
СһʲôجΣһ˲͵ô֡
һԣСһһռմݸСһ
Լߣ˵ʲôСһﵱһװ˵ĹǻңŽӹȥһſŵ䣬ŴߵĿռ
û˵ʲôСһᣬһԡ
ܿ죬չȥ
ռ䣬Сһﱧװ˹ǻҵĿռ䣬ϵᣬˣһƬãȻıſռһԣʧȥҡ
쿴СһĬͬʱҲΪһ㶯ݣһûκһ˿ΪʱˮδʳҲδ븹ȴʼջĺúõġ
֪лάԪȽϸߵԭڣԭȴǺСһĻѪйءǵѪСһﻹδ̤·ƺѾʳ
ʱ䣬һţתۼ䣬չȥ
պһ죬СеĴɢȥ˲٣յ䡣
漴СһµᣬӴʯ£ǰ¡
롭У
Сһﱧʢ˹ǻҵĿռͷѹڵϡ
ʵдйžģǣ屻𣬴йžѾˡ
Ҳµõһ㣬΢̧͵ʥСһ
Сһĺӣϴۣдżᶨ
ͬʱҲųޡ
Դˣû˵ʲô屻һֱչԼΪ˱Լ˭ûгޣ
꣬ʱͱƵĳޣȻСһ飬ܶ
̧֣ԾɫʥԽСһС
漴Ƭ̺֣СһѪױȵǿһԣĺӣʺУǷҪҪȻСһǿѪȴʹѾ̵Կȴǿߣκֱӱ
˶٣ָСһüģ콣Сһⲿžάڵ콣ĴйžΪάžйɱȣһйžʺСһ
ͬʱǿΪСһһͨʹСһܹļ⡣
СһлѪӳ֣ȻΪˣܿǽžڻͨʼתžʥӿ
侫ΪԿʼڽֻתۼѣ̤Σһ·뵽졣
ͬһʱ䣬ѪڣлİʥâѪн֯˳ʮռŤңԼһߵĴԻ
취򣿡
΢һƾâ֯СһʱʼѪʼڣ̺Ѫ֮ڵĻ취ʼ֯ƺܿƿء
̲סݣĻʥǾˣ취ÿһѪ⡢Դ;ѪڣѪ˾Ѫ̤·֮󣬾ֱӾѪڵȷֱЩ¡
СһʱĲѪӿİʥе
С
ͬһʱ䣬н֯âһΪСѪеĻ취ʹСһܹ׵ȥԼҲĿСӿİʥâ
ˣʱһΣʱȥ˿˿Ƶİʥ⽻֯
ʹСѪڵĻ취ͬʱС嵱ݺһ
ǻ취򰡣
Ҫġ
ΪСһѪ
ˣܿ죬ȥ
ʱڣһֱΪСѪڵĻ취ֱСһܺܺõвͣ£ƵһԵĴʯ£Сһпʼ
ڴʯߣ⣬˿˿ƵİҹâƣʹϿռ͵졣

άأ硭
ʧˣ
ƬɵʣһŵУһһһŹľ
ټĹŵڣмŻ꼶ѹ֯Ϣˡ
ҵȲˣѾҪˣǣȴһֹˡڻʮˣһʶӻòΪߣ˵ֻǲάȴƺƿһڼµʥʥάΪǲȫɱŵҲɱˡ
ǰĨ׷ɱ˺СʮʱĴŲʿǵȻ棬֮ȻŴ˿ȥ
άΪһ׻ɱ񾳵ǿߣһｻ֯;â漴ڣȥ飡ҽټץ
άΪһʥ׻ɱʮǿߣʲôм䣬ǻһſվһʥҲǼŻ꼶ıȱһҲֻһڶѣֵһѰ죬֮£һʵԻ
ңʥĺˣӦҲǺһֻҪҵ죬Ҳ͵ҵ˻ʥˣҵ˻Ѫ
ǣ
ڵʮ˵˳ȥ˲ǿߣ̤ڡ
ͬʱͬһʱ䣬ƬάصڣͬẈ̂вǿȺ̤תۼʧؾͷ

ɽڣɽС
ɽڵһʯϣⰵɫʥ˿˿ƵĻƣʱƱԽԽŨ񣬶һߵԻһƬߣػɳϵգҲǱ谵Ʋں֡
ãʵӻ񵽼ķƺɽһбߡ
漴һ̣İҹâɢȥ
ǿ
оâһû
СѪŶԷѪ֯Ļ취֮ڰʱ֮ƿصУݣ֮ɡ
ػ߱ǱܣǻɬǿάֻҪҲתۼ佫֮ƿء
ƿصĻ취ȻľΪĺǿȷһ˲߱ܣȴԶɱȡ
һ㣬ûй⣬һ߿Сɽ취Ϊ֮һҲתֻľܵӿڣֻľ˵ľһƵ
ˣʱһΣתۣһ¹ȥһһΪССһİɫʥâʼ÷ǳȶˮ㻷ϡ
ǿƿˡ



2416 ̤ſ
ĺӣƿ˻취ȻЩǿȴɿֲޱȡ
Ͼ갡
£ĺ̤·οƿػ취ǿά
ʹѪЩݣСһڶʱƿ»취кܴһԭȴʼջǺܾˡ
ˣ
С⣬ɫĹâ֯취Ծκ󽥽뵽ڡ
漴ĹҲһɢȥ
ллʦ
Сһǰٴι򵹣ͷÿζͷء
Ȼֻ꣬СһȴǶúܶ£УȻǶʦ
΢㶣漴ͷʥԽС𣬲Сһϵĳ
ʦĵӣһλʦ֣һλʦ㣬ԺʦΪ
ЦŶСһ
˵Сһǰˣԭʹ㽫СһΪӡ
Сĵͷţ
ãȥʦΪ㻤СһԴȻһԲ̫ľ磬ʹȶǣĻѪѾѣǿƿ˻취ѾʷǳǿһеΣԵκһ˿Ӱ졣
άأͨҪеҲܼ򵥣ͬˮһ㣬Ϊеܷǳ񡣶СǾάأеάڵİ򱶣֮СѪƿ˻취ˣĵӣСһҪеʵںܼ򵥡
Ĺƣһʱ䣬СһͿɴ徳ﵽΡ
ǣʦСܹɣ˶٣ͷ죬ʵʦ֮ǰģǻ취𣿡
֮ǰˣҲаɫĹâ֯֯л취Ϣ
쵭Ц΢̧һŰɫâ֯۳һŰɫ
ŨĻ취򲨶˿˿ƵĽ֯
ѪԻĻ취Ϊʦһ£Ѿƿصˡ

˵ţָһĨ΢ûСʶУԻ취ҸܣȷҪ壬Сá
ллʦСʱɵþҲʦǿ󰡣
СȴҲ֪ûлѪҪƿػѪжѣһ㣬ʦȴǼ򵥿Ѫн֯Ļ취ϢǾƿصάѾƿصɣθõĲ취ССƽ
СһԴȥɣʦΪ㻤
ţ
СͷߵһӼᶨҲżг֮⽻֯ҪʦŬǿҪΪȥ˺һֱߵүү
һԵĴʯϥţһΪСһҲԼ
תۣչȥ
ˣ
պһ죬ϸڵУ
̧ͷУֿС
׷СӦǵһ徳ͻƵʱͿʼ׷˰ɡ
£С֮ǰѾƿص˻취񣬴ͻƵΣ̤һ󾳽磬׷
ˣ
񷱬ԵЩ
ȻϢȴǷǳ΢Ͼֻ׷ѡ
׷壬
С
С˻ѪѾԿȴǿߣ췣£Ҳκһ˿⣬ȫ赣ʲô
У׷еôԺܴ
ǣʦ
СȻ󣬵Ƕ׷ȴһҲ£ޱȼᶨĻССнûŬ
һԿţԵͷֻľתʥ
¡
䣬ܿɢȥ߲۶
֮Ϊ֮ȹΪҲ
쿪ڣСһɽٵ֪ʶ
ǣʦ
Сɵ
ʱ䣬ɿţСһŬʹⷽɽÿձн֯һһ׷
󣬶ʮչȥͬԤϵǰ㣬Сɹһ췣Ϊ˴Ρ
ʱ͵
һ죬ԼͣվкСⷽɽȥ
Ͻ̵Сǰ¹ȥһΪСͬʱԼҲһΪѾǴ֮ǰάڴﵽάͷʱ̤άļſվ׼ȥѰһȽϺʵĶɽ֮ء
Ͼļſվ٣ɲС֮ǰȹЩٿȣһʼɽ٣ƬɽƵꡣƬɽڻвٵڣһɽ٣ƱػʹƬɽڵļѣȻûط
ܿ죬С뿪ƬɽúѰһƬȽϿտش
ǿɨӣƬشûκ飬ʺ϶ɽ١
ԶЩ
СֱС˳ȥ㹻Զ֮Ϣ̤ſղΡ
̼䣬طһƬһ޴Ž֯
ɫ罻֯УһͷͷԵŭ
ԵϢǵض¡
漴ܿ죬һ׷ֱѹ
һ׺ȫ۶ɣʵڵİ㡣
첻ܣ׷Լϣͬʱֻؽȡһɽ١
䣡
䣡
䣡
׷£ֱǧ׷ѹ䣬׽ٲɢȥ
߲ɫƸ֣߲ɫϼ⡣
̼֮ſվΪͬʱ΢ֻؽܣϵƸˣ֯һɼǿơ
ֻؽڣϵ߲ɫҲܿɢȥʧӰ١
طƬټشڼſվ췣£ѾǱýһƬһõأӦ¼أΪ̤ſվƿ»취񣬵Ҳõɱ񼶱ǿߡ
ͬʱڵάأͬıԴ㣬Ϊһ󾳽Ҳ˱øǿƬάصȫ֣ΪԻɱŻ꾡ͷǿߣά£Ѿõ޵ˡ
ǷԽάȷʱӡάȥʹһʱ䣿
ͻȻôһ뷨
ã֮һԣܳɹǾǼޱȾ˵¡
˶٣ɨܣûйͣһ̤ԶСǰ
߰ɡ
ССһﳯԶȥûñ߳ڡ
ʦȥ
Сʵ
ȥһεĵطʦ׼һЩ
䣡
ͻȻǿʥܲӿ֣ʮӰ֣
ͬʱͬһʱ䣬ʮӰ֣ⶼżΪ˵ϢǼ񾳾ͷǿڡ
ֻתۼѣ߸ͬķ򣬳ֵӰȺǰ
ҵˣ
һĵ


2417 ά
߸ͬķÿʮˣתۼ佫Χ
СЩˣжʱ¶ĳޣ߸򣬳˷ֱѪħҡǡɷŭšɲϺ߸߸ļ壬һֱչˡ
쿴ԵСɨЩˡ
£
һʱ߸һˣһ߽䱸ˣһͬʱ֣ɱ⳯ѹ¡
ǰЩӣߴһֱ׷Ѱټǰɽ٣˿ӰȺ߸׷鵽ʱɱ
¡
Щ˸ڼ񾳾ͷһ֣ǵƿνˣǿ
񱩵ɱֱ죬ͬʱ˸һ϶ץԵС
˵ףҪΪѪ
ӭЩ˹ıûκα仯ʥâ֯⣬ֱӽӿϵĴƬʥɱâȫ𣬶󣬰ɫʥâǰһ˾ֱû

ҽеһʱ䷢˾ʥâ񱩣Ҫſʥâ
ȻȴǸá
ɫʥâ˿˿ڣʹһٶȿʼɱ
漴ֻת۶ѣ׷绯һ߸ʬ͵һ飬ҳɢ
ǣ
ġ취򣿣
һ˲䣬طһɫɫűһƬȻ
죬ƿ˻취
ѾѪ
ǵһǿ߾ŭ
Ҫƿػ취ǿ죬ڵһʱΪضԶȡСĻѪӶƿάڱȡѪСΪʲôţģĵֻǻѪѪһһμӳֵһϣٶȡǼͲʲôЧˡ
ǿһֱ׷Ѫ񣬾Ȼ˺һŶȥ
ʦ컹δڣСǵŭ޵ĶЩˣ߬˫֣ʦǲŲһʦǿԼƿصģ
ǰЩĳˣڮĶʦСһＫΪŭѪŷڣɫĻ취ķŭ֯͵Ĳ졣
һĻʹطߴǸɫ䣬Ǻݺһ
СŭǷ֣СѾƿ˻취򣬻Ѫɴڣδ˶ߡһǿԼƿ˻취άƿһάάԹ˿ָ
һƿάˣάˣ
㡭
һʱ䣬Щɫɵñò԰
ܿ죬Щ˵ıǱøɭ
˶࣬ΪԶߣƿάһΪŻ꼶ʥһϣҲκβǣһ˵ϣȫȽѹĨɱ֮ٸʥԼѪΣ
ԣ
̵ͷǵǰõİ취ˡ
£һٴγѹ죬һΣһ˿ʼʶϡ
ˣһʱ䣬һ˵ĹԱ֮ǰǿ˲١
ʮռ䣬ȫ
ȹЩΪ£Ȼıûκһ˿ı仯
ɵĻ취ӿֻضתʮսӣͬʱһʩչǿ취ܣһߵĴһʱ両˳
ǻ취ɵչ֣֮£ߴֱѹ¡
Խػ̬ȫȫ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һֻת۶ѣǿ߼Ĺڵһʱ
ͬʱ취ݻĻߴѹ䣬ֱӽֵС
˾㤣Ҫӻߴ
ȻȴǸãѲϢһٶţתۼǱøɿݡ

Ĳҽдת۶ѣڻߴеˣϢȫᣬһ顣
һʱ䣬һ˸㤡
ǰЩʱ˵ֻάΪɼº󣬾ȻѾﵽ˼ſվ磬ƿ˻취ʱδǱΪŻ꼶£ȻͻɱͷǿߣǺεȵս
֮ٶΪŻ걦ʥָǺεƣ
һ˲䣬Щͷһӵľ㤣ͬʱˣԶߡ
ǶͨˣݵĽ˺սࡣ
ԭ׷ʱ֪ϢǣֻάΪһΪŻ꼶ʥڣսǼͷΪѹˡɵȴǷ֣ϢѾˣ쾹Ȼﵽ˼ſվ磬ңƿ˴˵еά취תۼͻɱеˣ֮ǰԤս̫ˣȫһ
һʱ䣬ವģת۶ݳԶ
쿴Щ˶ߣûʲô仯취һ籩ѹϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڵά𶯣ά֮۳֮
ﬣ
Ż취֮Ӷ֮һնŽ
ŽÿһնǴĽУڻ취סһ˶֮·£תۼ佫ߴɱ֡

ҽеһʱ䴫Ѫһһըǿߣתۼ
ط˲Ϣð˺ܶࡣ
СһĻûк£߬˫֡Щĳˣ
߰ɡ
֮Сһ
ʦҡʲôʱǿ󣿡
Сһ
΢㶣漴һЦʦ̫á
άأĿǰ۷սά޵УСĻѪҪﵽ߶ȣһЩĵرάͿ
ͨ˶ԺܾãʿԣȴĲʲô
ûﶺС뿪ڰ֮ѰһʥǳŨԶԷǳεĵط
Լˡ
СȡһЩǷĵرϡȣС
СʣȾ£µĳѾǺ㹻ˡ
ллʦ
СݸԼһЩĵرϡΪᶨĬĬߵһߣʼ
һԣһΪСһﻤһԲֵıԴʶڣڵάڣ۳һʶ
ʱɱ䣬άأκһѾʱĲң֯ŵҲǰŨ
ʶƬڣɵ˷ʼڽ֯Ƭάӡȥϣܹ֮ͬǰʱǰӵƬڡ
ˣ
˷˿˿ƵϻƣܵС
ʹеտտĹ
һǿԿ˷ȷʵʱ䷨ǰƬء
£תɵ˷Ƭάӡ˷ĵۡ
ټάصһϢʼµĽ֯ȥ
ܺã
еĹŨ˷ıԴƬأ֮˵Ĳܿ콻֯Ƭصÿһ䣬ʹƬؾ߱
ʱƬأضʱ䣬Ҳ˶øǿ
𣬴ǣ⣬졭
еľâøŨԼƿصάȷҲʼάء


2418 ƾά
˷ܹ˳άڣһʱ俴һµĴš
άϵأÿƬضΪάȷǳǿԽǿάȷصܺ͵ǾԽǿΨֻȷȽһ㣬ȻֻظǴά֮ڣάصܵȴЩȲأֻнĴСҪԶļƬض嫺
ƿصάȷֻط˷򡢰ⷨ򡢲򡢴Ƿͻ취򣬳δƿȫֻط⣬άȷ򣬶뵽άУƱػʹάһδɱ䡣
򵥵˵򡢰ⷨ򡢲ʹǷά뵽άأһʱգڵάأͿɳɳΪάػҪ˵أǶĶԣ
ʣǳ࣡
£еľâԽӵŨһ򡢰ⷨ򡢲򡢴Ƿͻ취һһӡάڡ
ʱ䣬һţתۼ䣬¹ȥ
µʱ䣬Լƿصάȷ򣬳ȴֻ⣬뵽ά֮ڣȻδ֯άصÿһ䣬ǣȴҲʹƬһ˿׵ı仯ԸŨˡ
ҪʹЩάȷȫȫ֯Ƭصÿһ䣬ʹƬؾ߱ЩάȷҲúķѰĹɡ

䣡
磬𶯣и
ʶά˳Զ֮󣬽һЩĵر䱦Сﵽɾʱнɼѹ¡

֮ǰСһĵر䱦жӦСһﵱǰΪģһ͸켶άǵĵرȣ֮СһܹﵽɾɿЩĵرɿѪԼŬ
ȻҲƬάرǳʺйأʥ̫ˡ
¡
ѹ䣬Сɽ٣ǿг׷׷еѪģҲۣҧ֣һһӻԵ׹⡣
һ߿ţԵͷĺܹȿͷܲ
ȻҲЩۣΪСһΪ˱Ժ֧ż
˵ףӣվС
갡
¡
죬һѹ䡣
ܿ죬ⳡɼپʹ˹ȥСԽٺ߲ƶȹ̾硣
ʦһ𣿡
߲֮Сһ졣
ʱȲˣʦ
Сһ
СܹɣϴһЩɽٺµĻҳܿǰ
СһԼԱ£ΪСһĵϵĻҳһƴֻرԴӿ˿˿ӿСһڣСһʡ
СһĻѪǿʦֵĻ嶼Ҫǿܶ౶ôСͳѪվܺãĸЩֻرԴΪСһʹСһʱøǿʹѪܸõӦ
оô
ʵ
ţллʦСͷֻرԴӿ룬ֻоһ򱶣ЩʦʲôأĻ취ں¡
ȻʿСһվСӴĶֻ࣬أоʲô
ֻأһֺʦΪʣѪܸõӦ壬ܸõļ
Цδ˵
ŶСֵͷΪӴֻأûпżϹֻصļأԲֻ֪жֲҲⲻƿֻصж£ɵĵллʦһŬŬǿһʦʧ
˵⻰Сһǲɵ¶Сֲɵý߬
ѪħңǣɷţɲϺ߸ļ壬һֱչүүҪ
ȻĵСһڵĳޣǵȳޣһĺӶԣ̫̫ۣʦģʵЩۡ
ֻǣСһȴûжԴ˶˵ʲôΪԼ;Ƶ£ȳ߸ǰǲܵ˵ġ
Ϊսʵֱȥ߸ȻȴôΪСһϣԼδֻǡ
ͬĶʦǰ㣬ҪɱֻЩˣʵͿȴǲûôΪֱֻ֪ĬĬıѣԼȥͳɳֻֻˣ˽Ѫ
СһﾲǰֻرԴº͵ΪСһʣֱ֮ͣ£ʹСһʣռ˾Ŵεʱ䡣
ȥ⸽ɽѰڵΪսΪƿ˻취򣬿ѰһЩ֡
պһ죬С
һ;ΪȻҪʵսҲǺҪĥ¼սۻսľ顣
Сͷʵʦأ
ʦһЩ¡СһԴȥɣսвҪ£ʦһֱע㡣
ţ
СͷǳȥҪȥѰ
쿴Сһ뿪˶٣¶˿˿Ƶʥԡ
ꡢءա桢¾ҡ
άؿżһЩżҲм¼ϲصάȷ
ꡢءա桢¾ңάڣȴ취ά
귨ֻնֱӴ͸ɱ꣬ͬʱƿȷ򣬿ʹƿ߱꣬ʱƶ귨ԽԽǿ᲻ɴݡ
طƿشأκεطĵｮΪãǿƥ
շƿգ֮ΪԼս
淨򣬿ɽеһƾȷʵΪһԵķ
¾򣬿ɶȡ֮˵ͬʱǿѹɱ¾
ҷ򣬴͵һʱɼԸš
ԭأ΢˫ۣһ̣طʼַ
ʱţתۼ䣬ʱȥɫâ֯˿˿ƣʹĻһ˲ǿʮңʱƱԽԽǿ
ꡣ
ʱ䣬ƿص귨
ûۣһ⻯귨һ߼ά
ʱ䣬ţߣ΢Ųҡ
תۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬ɢŵľǿʢ˼࣬һ˫ۣоâһûһ죬취򡢻귨򡢴طշ淨򡢰¾ҷάȫƿصС


2419 ӡ
άƣ⣬Ϣһǿ˺ܶ࣬ˡ
н֯տտĹԵͷ
άȫƿأһ̣оԼսࡣ
ơ
û΢˫ۣƿµάԼ
ƿصά򣬳ȴ취ƿص˴⣬άֻƿصδ޵ɣǵҪһݺ
ˣʱһΣתۼһ¹ȥ
һº˵ľӵĻάȫƿɡ

ûһֵʶڵάڣʶȴ취άҲһһƬά֮ӡȥ
ֱֹȥһʱ䣬²ɣʹάԸǿЩ
ܺã
ԼݻĲǿάأеĹŨһֳɾ͸С
漴ⲿֵʶ˻ʶۣվ
֮ջάأάƿٽʱպҲƿأһȥ
ά֮µάȷʣάصʱշԼάصάûƿصҪƿǣԣʵһ򵥵£׼ջȥƬأһƿ޵ɣҲάء
ڸĶάغһάأûпǹƬظûάȷά֮ҲûУΪӸϽʵ㲻أռ䶼㲻ϣûκûʱ䣬ѿԽ롣
ԭض˶٣߳طĶϷȥܿ߳ԶһƬǰ
𣡡
ﬣ
޵ĺХʹ̶ĽڰںƵС⣬âʣСɢĽȴΪˣаɫĻ취֯⣬һں;ͷսÿһͷ޶ſսӾŸͬķΧС
ңԶͫ죬âˡ
СѾȾһЩѪһЩˣСȴǼΪᶨҪԼ˿Ҳûк£ɢĽƱñ֮ǰ
طĬĬĿСһԵͷ
СһһΪ޶޾ЩޣȴΪǿսܣԿµĶ֣Ȼⴴȴʼպ޾⡣
Ǿ˻ѪĻʥˣɳս

¡
ʱƬصļһɼǿ𶯺
ƫͷǸоüͷ΢΢
ǸԼ䣬оƺзǳµϢ
ָоȴֻһ˲䣬һ̣ǵȿµϢŵȥ
ǸƬ̺ƫͷĿеСϡ
ʱ򣬰ѾжʮͷһڹССһϵƸˣѪҲ࣬Сȴɼᶨû˿η塣
֮ڶСһʩչ콣ܼĽâˮᵴܡ
ңͬһʱ䣬취˿˿ƵĽ֯ϣͬʱҲһ𹥷
վһ޴ľ֦ϣĿСһսͬʱֻľתϵʥڣʼ
ϵķӡأֽάȫƿأʥٶȣǱ֮ǰ˼
һʱ䣬ӿʥصӿûڣʹľһΪҲȻȻһ
ʱ䣬һĹȥ
һ졭
졭
졭
վڹľ֦ϣһ߿СһΪֱƼſվڶȥ

ά죬硭
ά򣬿ռԵúܻߣȫһƬĻĮֻЩľ
ĮڣٵӰά߸ͳĵˣҲһд̵ĴԼһЩǿɢޡ
˾ƬĮͷһƬĵشü
ʥµķӡ壬мǿķӡƣҪ˶ãӡͻᱻƣ塭
˿ڣء
˵Ļû˵꣬طȴǶ֪Ļʲô
һʥطķӡ飬Ȼͻʱάؿ½ð壬ūƬص飬ҪưƬصġ
ޱǿᣬÿһڶʮϵάǿߣҴǴάͷʵάصнԵֵ
άأǰǿ߸ͳÿͳҲֻǲһάǿңΪֻǴάڶѡ
һһƷӡԻɨάأǰάڵд̴УһʿǱ¾ɾǱѹū
޷ƻʥķӡȥܿͻƷһ˿ڣֻһ취ֹǳ˳˵Ǹ˻ѪĻʥ˵Ѫ⡢ͱԴΪɼӳĻʥӡʹķӡָǿ״̬ɱøӵļͣɽ˽壬ںĽħ򡣡
˻һط΢Եͷ
ȷʵУ
˳
ûпڣȴǶͷͬĿڻĮͷش
ʥµķӡƬ򡣽ħ򣬾ڻʥķӡĺ档
һʱ䣬ԵЩ
ֱƬ̺һ꿪ڣ´ά죬ά֪ǰǵٵľһ𽫾ѻѪͯѰ
꣬ΪǬ̵ĽڼŻ꾳ͷ
Ǭ̣Ϊάصߴ󶥼ͳ֮һ
˿ڣͳĵˣŵͷ
һǿߣǵͷ
ˡ
˵
һ죬ʶӻάأά֮ڡ
ķӡҪˣ
⣬⡭
ô
άڣн磬һʿɫ
͹żϵļأڽħڵ壬ǿֲĺܡ
֮Դ
һά콫ڰУƱػѪɺӣά飬ҪôɱҪôūۣеܡ
вȣҵǸ˻ѪĻʥˣ˿Լӳַӡ
ʿʼ

ﬣ
ά죬֮ڣХ취ӿ
С⽣취𶯣ʱһӭʮͷޡ
վԶһһ߾Ŀš
ˣһۣ¹ȥ
¹ȥһ죬ڴǿʥܽ֯һ̣ΪӼſճڴﵽ˼ſڡ
Դˣƽ⣬Ϊ֮ǰƿά뵽ά֮ΪſʵѾԶˣ־µǾ̤˼ſڡ
վĹľ֦ϣǰΪ磬ʱͣ£ſڵΪԳ׵ȹ̡
𣡡
Ҳʱ𣬰̤һͷʮҵľޣȼǿߣֱӳŰڵС̤˹ȥ


2420 ª
޸ʮңԶֱ̤ӽСѹƵԶ
ϾСֻǲŽɼΪͷ޶Բ̫̫ࡣ
쿴һĻڵһʱ䶯ˣһγСǰС󣬻취һʱֱһƽʮɸߵ޳Զ
ʦ
С¿ԶˣͻȻֵ죬һ˺ܶࡣ
ղǵȾ켰ʱ֣ûл·
ЦСһԴѹʹⰼڵһЩȫһҲҶʱʵϢҲǱҪ
Сطǰ˽£ɾΪѾȹ̣ҲǱޱ׵ĸоСһʱҪˣϾСһ仹ЩСǿȵʺСһ
С뿪Ƭأ磬׼Сһ߷ġ
ܿ죬߳ڵɽ磬һϡ
ûκˣʱֻСһ󽥽ģԶʿӰ֣һȺһ𣬱ۣ߱Ѱʲôӭ泯
ǣ
ҵˣ
Զʿʮˣ񶼲һ̶ǿСһǶݣĿСϣжǲɵ¶â
ʱǿСǸоˮ˿˾һ
£һȺ˿ٳֱץСץСԱߵ졣
ɫ΢쫷絴ǰʮˣʲô
ʮٲȻѪħ߸ٵСʿҲûжڻѪ̰ǣûֱɱֻ֣ƽЩ˸𿪡
ʲô
ʮʿˣһɏCŭʿҲŭ졣
ҸʲôɫһҵҵӶ֣شҵ⣬ң
ĵӣ
ǻʥĺˣʲôʱĵˣȡѪ
άΣ㻹ֻԼ
ǰЩʱСɱѪħ߸ˣǵ²ûд̫Զԣάԣ֪ǵµ˷ǳ٣֪˸١
άΣ
ü
װ⣡ʮˣǸɏCӵ˺ȳ⣬ֱӴһʶӻǹڽħ弴Ʒ֮£ά춼Ѿˣ˵㲻֪£
ʶӻڣ֯ŽħӡɶĻ棬Ҳһصƻʥѹķӡ飬ʱάؽͿ̿ΨԾ˻ѪĻʥ˵ľѪͱԴӳ֣ȶӡܿⳡάƽ٣άʿһ𣬾콫˻ѪĻʥѰȥӹ̷ӡ
ɫʱٴɨʮˣڿʬһ㡣
ʥƴػάأӡά壬ά찲һʥĺСȴΪѻѪѪħȴϣΪ˶ȡѪƿػ취ǼֱСһ壬һֱСˣУάнʿ֪£ûһ˶Сʥ֮Ԯ֣ȫӶ
ڣΪʥµķӡҪƣټάн磬ȴǵһ뵽ԻʥСľѪͱԴȥ޲ȷӡԴ˱֤Լ˵İȫ֤Լ˲֮Ʒɱūۡ
εȵĳª
㡭
ӭʮ˸ûɵһǱһ˲ϡ
㡭ʲô񣿣ǸɏCӵ˴άΪľ飿
Ȩԣ
ӡǻʥӡƣɻʥȥƼӹ̣
ԣ
˸͡
ɫø䣺̣ϣ
ʮԣŭ
뷴άн磿Ϊ˭

úϻ֣
ʮ˿ڣٴαǰң˴ʶӻ֪ͨʿ
¡
ʮˣǼſվ磬һĹƺǿ
ʮˣ첻˵ʲô⽣â֯϶ֱӺᵴȥ
̼䣬ʮ˱֣۵һһըתۼͬʱ
طһ˲ð
С½ǣʦ
ղŵʶӻСһҲˣά춢ˣǬ߸ͳ⣬Զ֮ǰѪħǼϿɱȣΪΣա£ʦҪᱻΣУΪάĹС
쿴СһСһ񣬿˳СһûпԼΣȫΪġ
ʦСܹάܿѣСȥʵҲֵõģʦҲΪСЩԡСһ½ǣС˺ʦܰСΪүүǱ𣿡
춯ݣС󣬾껹д£һĺӣ֪άؼܺƽ٣Լֹ£Ȼʱ˵Ļĺͷ׸УССһϣоһۡ
СһԴö룬ûΪƬصκ£ǷκζֻǷģǷϵġ˵Ϊʦʲôά죬ʦʲôҲ㲻ϣʦᱣ㡣
άʲôҲ㲻ϣͦ󣡲ͷ𣿡

ԶͬķʮӰ֯ŵϢΪǿᡣ
ңʮ֮󣬸ӰԶ̤תۻ֮ࡣ
һˣԭͶڸΪ֮ǰնɱʮеһʶӻϵʶᵽСط
ǰЩʱ˻ʥ֮Ǹˣ̤˿ڣΪǬ̵һλϣΪڼŻڣ֪С£ʱԵСɣΪάأԻάƽ٣ܾ޾顣
һˣάȣأزҵȶ˵Ӧö
һ˿ڣΪʥڵһϣǴڼŻڡ
ʥںǬʵ൱άص߸ͳ֮һͳֱǰи̫šիɱԼĽҡ
ʱ̤طʮУԾżͳǿߡ

Ϊأ
һˣͿɻȡάİҲǲеĴҡ
ʿǳԸд̣ʱ̶ڡ
ӱ䣬ЩˣûκζĻ취ڣۻ񽣣ֱһЩնӿĻϢһʱ佫ȫ֡
̫ªˣ
̫ˣ
˳ª£˰ûеߵ£ЩȴһԼռģȻ


2421 άǿ
ɫĻ취ڣ죬һʱ佫ʮռȫס
۵ģƬѪһһըȽâеһЩǿ߸ԵֵˣתۼȽâ֮
ΨһЩͷͼŻ꾳ǿ߿һδѡ
취򣿣
¿죬ʱطŵˣȫɫͱ䡣
죬ƿ˻취򣿣
ĻѪ
Ǭ̵һϿСֿ죬ͫײɵ
˵ʲôеĻ𶯣һն
дŻ취ĽâХƵʮ
ңͬһʱ䣬⣬귨򡢴طշ淨򡢰¾ҷͬһʱԻʹô𶯣ʹҡʹң޾һһ֡
⡭ǣ
ô
ܣ
˵ɫڵһʱȫˣ죬άά
ôܣ
۹ŽάڣֻҪƿһάˣ죬һȴƿά
Ǭ̵߸ͳļŻ꼶ǿߣʱҲ˾㤾֡
һƾά𣿣
Į΢ά֮άһ֯ά򣬺ѹǰ
ɱ֮һʱǽʮڵÿһշȫѹ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪһһըάУ¾˵սϢǿԼټ֮вļӳɣԼֻضʮսӣһ̣ĹתۼǽطŻ꾳µȫĨɱֻʣǬ̵߸ͳʮŻǿߡ
㣬㡭
ʮ˿죬֣Ϊ߳ܶ࣬ʱȴĿȻһ̵죬𺧡
£Ȼƿеά򣬲վżſڵΪѣǶڼŻ꾳Ҫ
ʥڵһŻ꾳ϿڵŻ꾳Ǳȼſվ󾳽硣
ԣ
άƿˣôƿػ취㲢Ϊȡ˻ʥ˵ѪӦǿԼƿصģնȻ߻ʥ˼ӳַӡ
ɱ
Ǭ̵ȼͳͣһʱȫ໥ϣѹȥ
ͬʱƿά죬Ȼ𺧣Ϊϣȴ󾳽磬ϸһ룬ôΪ£ƿеά򣬵ҲԲǵĶ֡
¡
£գһƬһƬ
ڵʮռ䣬ֱӱ㱻ѹ
վԭأһҲδЩ˱Եޱȵ
գеͳ

һ̣ĸоŭСػάάûκ˸жһδεĶ𱨣ȳªͰ̬ɱ⡣
άάڵάأ֮
ﬣ
̧֣֮һն¡
άأѾøǿԻά֮۳֮£ſΪ£һ֮նһС
͵ģʮǿ߼ͨһʱ𣬶󣬳ǰȵӭһһֱС

ҽߵѪըˣûһ⣬ǵһʱ
һʱ䣬طŵľˣ̲ס
˵ǼŻ꼶ı𣿣⣬⡭
ЩһȻ
ѪħһЩ֪֪ƺһڼŻ꼶ʥȻۿеĹ⽣һ֮£ԼſռΪնɱ߸Ż꼶ǿߣǸ͵һ飬ôֻǼŻ걦ļ𣿣
˲ŵŵɺˣ볯Զߣɫ԰׾塣
ӱ䣬ûκζĶ̧һ
וּһ֮˻ά֮֮߶ֻؾŽһնŵ⣬һʱǾ˽ǰ
һ̣Ѫҽըаתۼֻʣһ˻š
𡭡ɱң
˲
Įˣֱӽ˽
ˣʱδɱΪҪ˵ʶѰһЩ
Դʶûʶڣú˳
ΪǬ̵һϣѹɪɪССֵܣġ
ۣ
еֱ֮ӽն
Ǭ̡ʥڡи̫šիɱۡ
ӱ䣬ӷ˵ʶѰƬص߸ͳڣͬʱҲѰҪץСȥƷӡһЩе֮
ЩҪĳªУԺҪһǡ
ûдڵļֵ
طʱ򰲾˺֮ܶ࣬С뿪ط
úСһƬǷɽڡ
ɽڣʥΪŨǱѰȴЩƫԶν˼
ʦС鷳ˡ
СԴԵúС
СһȻ꣬˼屻һºѾͬ˰죬ЩѪħ߸ά죬һֱΪӦԣСһΡ
Сһ롣СһԴʦ˵õԼǰ棬ҲΪʦΣʦңҲһǰ棬ҲΪʦҵΡʦͽʦ鷳һ˵
ллʦСĿⲨЩʵĵæᣬͷ죺ʦҲʦʦ˼ʲôˣǿ𣿡
СһԴЦʦΰˣǿˣһĽ
ȥôЩ꣬ҲЩϾƹˣûϾƹû
ϾƹǱȸĸҪĴڡ
СĻвɵ¶ٲȻ̼λʦ
ǿСһ뷨ڻԺġ˵ţάسһ֣ʦƿµʵأȥչʦҲʱչһʱ䡣
άн綼ҪץסСŽСƷȴֲĻʥӡټά죬ΪǲӦԵģϾάǿĿάڡ
ڵļſվΪƿеάά֧ţȴҲԲάǿߵĶ֡
£Ҫչһʱ䣬Ϊ񾳲βС
Լ񾳵Ϊάأնɱάǿߡ
ʱ޾άء
š
СܹɺţͷŶάص𺳣̤άС
쵭ЦάܲһϢĴ󣬶ڴλôϥ£תֻľ
תֻľܣʥصʱɿӿûڣʹ˵ľһΪҲһ


2422 Ǭ
صĻƿеάʥٶǷǳ죬תۼǱӿʥûΪһ
ٶȷǳԣ˵ʿһԿᾪ㤡
ҪģʥŨȣǱܺϾһ;ΪųϿǼǱܺͶܵһɶռҲˣͬ£Щ˵Ϊĺܿ죬Щ˵Ϊȴʼ
ȻΪֻռٵһأȱȴҲСûһ˵ǱǿҲ޷Ϊ
Ǳʺܵһ;ϣศɵġ
ˣ
ֻľתľɫʥԽ֯˿˿Ʊǿʢ
΢˫ۣػ󣬶ǿޱȣ·ϵ⣬תۼ͸άĻΪ

ɽ磬άн硭
ҵ𣿣
ʥķӡӶˣ໹֧Ű꣬Щҵʥˣ
ǸʥˣԼҲǿǵʶӡǶˣɶ񣡻ˣµķӡ飬Ϊȴʱģ
ҵάѣҵȲǱūۣ
ң
Ϊ磬ͬĽ䣬ʿѰС
Ƭصһд̣ڵһЩҲ߳

ά죬ɽڡ
ϥϣתֻľ
תۣ¹ȥ
ˣ
ºɽ֮ϣһ޴н֯ѹ
ڰ̼ʮռ䣬ԵϢǵض¡
Ҳʱ˫ۣâһû
ºһ죬Ӽſ̤뵽˼񾳲Σʱ˼١
䣡
ԵϢøӻ
쵭ĮĿŲϵУûƶطɽ١
ɽʥŨΪλúƫ޶ûһͷ
ɽ٣Ҫʲô
׷һѹ䡣
ʱ䣬һƣֱǧֵ׷ѹⳡ׷ɢȥ
߲۶̵֮ǰļ񾳾磬ͬʱ֮Ѫ⡣
ܿ죬߲ɢȥڼ񾳣սʮ
طɽİ٣ýڣûͣ٣ֱ뿪
뿪ط̤磬н磬ʿڱ׷ѰССȻʱСһϵ
㣡»ʥ˵ˣ
н磬Ǭȥܿ챻˳ָ
ѪħҺǵȼǿоСȻǵδάأǣά֪µˣȴҲǲ١
£һȺʿΧ
ʥģ
ʥµѹ׶ķӡϾҪˣҪ߳ά콫ͷܻҲǻᱻūۣ֪֪ԣֻԻʥ˼ӹ̷ӡſɱ⣡
㻰ش𣡻ʥǸ˵
һȺ˺ȵΧ
Щˣʥâֱĳܵ
طȫĽâУ۵ȫն顣
ˣһʱ
̣ǣЩ˸ͲΪˣûκδļֵ
һȺ飡
ѪˮɢطûﶺżȶķС
ʱһΣܿȥա
պһ죬һƬɽȺڡ
ȥɽȺڣһɸʣ֯ŵʥǳˡ
ȻǬ̵أΪάص߸ͳ֮һ
ûͣ٣ֱӳȥܿǬǰ
ʲôˣǬǰŵĵӼ죬ȳ⣬һ̱ϳ죬¶ɫ㣬»ʥ˵Ǹˣ
Ǭʵۺ񣬶άصȻ֪֪쵱ѪħȴǿоС£֪졣
Ѱʥ˵ټ
Ǭǰʮͥĵӣ붯֣һ칥
Ųû˿仯ȻȻаѹ
һʱ䣬ѪŽǰˣһʱȫ
⽣âԣһƬ굴һʱ佫Ǭ̵Ĵնķ飬طɳֱ̤롣
̤ǬڣڵʥԶԶŨһƬʥ
㣡
ҵǬʥ֮ǰ
ѻʥ˽
ǬڣһһڵΪ㴳Ǭ̶ŭͬʱҲϳ죬һȺ˳ǰ콫ʥС
Щˣû˵ʲôϢ𶯣ܼĽֱ
ﬣ
̶ХƵ񾳵ΪֱɴƬǬ̵ӡ
ңܣǬڵһҲű١
󵨣
ŭһĽһ̫ϳȺ̤˳
һʱ䣬һĽֱ֣ӳѹ£תǰ
ܿǬĹһѿסԷ󣬰ѹƵԷѹ
Ǭݣ㡭
ž
ӱ䣬̧һֱֻ֣һϡ
Ǭʱ־ŭǬ̵ĽȴȻŵ쵱Žһڵӵݺݳһ⡣
㾹ҡ
ž
췴֣һϣĶƬѪˮݻС

ǬڣһǬӽԱɫ
ǵĽǼŻ꾳ǿ߰ȴȻڵ׵ѹ⡣

һʮ̫ϳϸɫһʱԶˣѹ졣
ʮˣǼŻ꾳Ϊһ֣֯ŵϢӿ˼㡣
ӱ䣬һѹǬԭһҲ취ڣ漴طշάһԻʮ뵴
ʮ˵ʧɫ⡭
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪŽһʮŻ꾳̫ϳϣһʱǱȫ顣

졢ءաҡ¾桢꣬⣬⡭
ôܣ
Ǭڣһڵȫɫɫ̲סʱʱԵȴ˱Լһʮ̫ϳϡ
άά񣬾ͬʱԻ
죬һƿеά
ȻǱѹǬһҲɫ䣬Ŀ㤡
㣬㡭
ѹʱ죬еŭʧˣ
һƿάάʲô
۹Žάʷϣ£
ͬһʱ䣬ԶѪ䶯һʮ̫ϳϲδ껹δ𣬴˿۳俴죬һɫ䡣


2423 ѹά
һƿеάάԴʹûгֹˡ
񣬳ˣ
Ǭһǿ߸죬ȫŵˣ̲ס¡
㣬ôô
һʮ̫ϳϾ㤡
ӱ䣬άڣΪģͬʱϯȥ
̼䣬ǬڣƬĹŽһĵһκɱ顣
һʮ̫ϳϸԳʥά
ȻȴǸá
άһǵƵ̫ˣɵС
ǬѹţʱһĻԼһͽ̲ŽҪĹŵһһ飬Ⱦ־ŭģס֣
һѹˣάۣһɱ⣬е
۵һǬ̵ĵˣһʱǱķ飬
֮ǰѰǬ̵һϵʶ֪άഫеͳ֮Ҳͬʱ֪һάһѰСȥӹ̷ӡģˡ

Ǭڣһڵͽһʮ̫ϳҲŭ
һĵˣȻ㴳ڵ죬ڸɱ
ıûκα仯һƬ䣬һĳǬ̸ȥ
ά֯ԣ֮ʮռǻԨ
۵ģһǬ̵ӱңһʹ˱顣
Ǭʮ̫ϳԼһЩȫֵȻȴס
죬ΪȻֻǲż񾳲ΣصĻ󣬵սѾǿ׻ɱŻ꾳ǿߣοͬʱƿά
ټǬڣһʱ䣬һܵסĽŲ
ÿһ̤гƬѪըÿһ̤гƬ١
䣡
ͻȻǬһɰʥܺƵάȫѹ£һʮ̫ϳϺһǬӼִȫס
һǬ̤תۼǰ
ϡ棡
Ǭ̣ʮ̫ϳϿͻأֵߣǲɵ¶ϲ
ͬʱһһڵӺִǾϲһ̽Բɵ÷ΪԼһǴάΣΪ֧ţͬʱƿάҲԲǶ֣ϾΪĲ̫޴ˡ
棬
һִҧŭĿ졣
û˵꣬ǣǬȻ֪ʲô˼ҲӦǬϢʧˣȻ
ڴˣȴû˿⣬ʼĮԵЩ䡣
άƣܲǳ죬άǬ濪ڣϷϧţһᣬǬ̣ϷҴ֮ɱ㣡ȻһЩҪĽƣҪµġĮĵ⣬ʥĺ˽ΪȣͯӦ֪
ͬʱƿάǾ춯صģԼǬ̣պ󣬱ؿɽǬ̷չһĸ߶ȡ춯صˣΪǵУ£֮ȻһЩԵĽֹպһˮ¾ͽһѣһ㣬ǬҲƵķǳԣҪ쳼Ǭ̵ͬʱҲҪҪһЩҪơ
죬ڣΣ
ﬣ
̶ƵУά֮۳֮һ
һƵĽƣֱǬȥ֮վ١
Ǭ̼䶯ݣһæķĻֵ
ֻǣһԶ
ͣ
һ죬Ǭһάǿ߼ķĻ̼䱻ն飬󣬽Ʋֱϡ
۵һʱ䣬ѪˮŽάǿᴩǱɡ
棡
Ǭڣһȫɫ
һ棬άĴڣά쵱ߴͷ֮һ񣬾Ȼż񾳵죬һ͸նˡ
ôܣ
ͬһʱ䣬졣
Įֺ飬֮һ̼仮һؽ꣬޲ն
Ѫһըһı٣Ϣֱʮ

ҽд̶һһ̫ϳϱⲨѪ
ά֮۳֮֮ǼŻʿɵ

άǬסΣ־ŭһʱͨѹ졣
̧֣һնС
۵һǬٴαᴩٴκɣһײʮͣ¡
Ǭ̱Եһ̤
֮άϣ֮˲
ǬٴסΣӾŭǣԼѾͨǿսȴ˲䱻նˣеǱ⽣ʵЩֲŭǣʱȫȫǬƻ
˶
һͺάǬֱӽӡǬ̵ػɱ
ңͬһʱ䣬һڱһɳΪһ̱Ǭ쾵
ػɱǬ쾳һطʱӿĻϢȫû
ƥɱƣȫѹ¡
ǻǺ׹䡣
ɣά֮ӿе֮ڣʹ̱֮øǿһն
͵һһػɱ˲߽⣬Ǭ쾵ҲǾֱն֧飬ƼһǬϣٴνԷᴩ
һĻһһǿ߸ɫ䣬Լһػɱ͵̱ȻҲĲһ
ĽŲȴûκͣͣҲû˿仯ά򶯵ǬŸĨɱһǬ̵ӣһնǬ档
Ǭȫ⣬ȴҲûУһ֮£նķ顣
㡭ס֣Ǭ̺ʱǹ㣿Ϊ¾ҽ̣
Լؾ۳Ǭ¶Ȼһе֪˲Ķ֣Ϊǿ𺧵ͬʱȴҲЩŭǬ̣ƺδǹ죬֮ǰƺδʲôޣΪҪ㴳Ǭ̣ƻ
֮ǰΪܹѹ죬׵Ļɱ죬ԣûȥǵ¡ʱŷֲ죬ʼ뵽⣬ɾŭ
Ϊʲôһοڣĵͼҵĵȥӹ̷ӡά׷ҵĵӣ˵Ҹò֣
⻰һǬԼǬһ˸ݡ
еĵӣЩʱȻָ֪˭
ʥˡĵӣͯӣǬʱΪ㴳Ǭ̣漴ǾŭŭȵħҪʱά콫ѣȫǱūۣŵѣǻĺƽ٣
ͯĻѪԼӹ̷ӡһ˱ֹǵȺƽ٣ά飬ҲΪά飡ң꣬ǱϷӡķӡΪʥˣȥӹķӡ㲻ңΪ£Ǭƻ¾ɻаǷ֣֮ﻹûƬû²
ŭĶ졣


2424 Ѫϴά
ɫʱһάǬ棬̧־һ
וּһХ̶죬һǬĺɣѪ졣
ңͬһʱ䣬ϣһǬ̵ѣ𣬸гƬĵ¥٣дƬձ£ķѣĽ
Щ飬һųª£Ƿǲ֣
ɭ̧һ
һʮռ
ǬŸոסΣǱᴩһκɣѪ
Ƿάʲôά齫񣿻ǷƬʲô
У֮𶯣άһնǬһֱۣά໥£ʹöԷʱ޸
ңϣһһڵִвѣ뻯Ѫ
ĻʥϣΪάأΪЩһս壬ӡ壬߶񣬻ʥȥ޾£Ϊʥ˵ȴʥػ˿׷ɱͼȡѪһ壡
ʱ׷ɱʱ֪£ȴֻĿţ̧־Ϳֹ£ȴ񣬻ʥµķӡҪƿά彫ҪǸоԼΣˣ뵽ҪѪ⡢ԴȥӡԴ˽ǽҪٵΣգҲΪˣ
ӱάڣ֮ⱬǣնһ
۵ģطƬǬ̵ӱըƬ¥ƻ١
Ǭٴѣնһֱֻٰۣըά֮άӰ£һʱʧȥ޸Ѫˮϵ
涼㲻ϣ
ɭڷ裬ۺֻͬʱ嫵֮˵ֻ֮ͬʱԻǬһ֣ճƬƬı١
ǬĻɫѾѿдž㤣ޱļ£һ̣һĻۺֹֻۣס
㣬㡭
죬ƿеά򣬸ƿ˴˵еֻأ
ͬһʱ䣬طһڣһڵӸޱȣ
֣֡
лŵˣֹסĲ
ϵ𶼼ɵƿص죬Ȼƿصˣ
ӱɱڣֻ֮֮ͬʱ价ơ
ΪƬΪ飿ֻʧȥڵһУڵάĶͳάн綼ǼɵǣǽʧȥУάڵһУ
ǰڷ裬˳Ӻֻͬʱ֮Ǭ̡
𣡡
޺죬ֻУͷֻؾ޸ֻع⼤˷
ҽеһʱǬڣһһĵִѣ
õȵȥᱻɱūۣھͻǣ
飬֮𶯣̶һնάǬ档
۵һһΣǬ汻ӣñ֮ǰӵǱ
ϢϢŭס֣ǿ̸̸ҡ֪ˣŹǣŹǰɣ
˲Ŀ塣һ̣άһθоԼ˽
Ӧά֮âǣٴλӳһ
һ㣬ֲ㣬ٶȿ쵽㣬գ۱Էǰ

ҽ񱩾һ£ǬԵ£
𣡡
ֻؾ˻𶯰˻ġ
Ǭڣһһĵִ²ѣĿ־壬ͷܡ
Եñ飬ڶǬĵĲ֮ϡ
ˣ
ֻͼڳƺƵ֯޾ֻ֮⣬һʱ俪ʼǣתۼ佫Ǭһ֣֮ĳ·׹䡣
֮һʹֻͼͬʱѹ䡣
¡¡ģǬ̴ܼձ̮һıŸ飬еžԴȣҲһ٣ȫҽʧ
ȴеĶû˼ȥãȴеĶԼ֡
¡
ѪըϽ䡣
ʮ󣬺ͣ£Ǭ̳׻棬ҲһƬء
ĮתһԶ̤ȥ
֮δȥãʥ֮ء
һǬһΪƬάصߴ󶥼ͳ֮һв뵽׷ѰСҪСӳַӡС˵£άص߸ͳ߸ͳһҲŹȫҪٵ
û˿ڵļֵǸ
ﬣ
Х̶طûκζĻֱ֮ɱ롣
ǣ»ʥ˵ˣҴ
ʥأ
ʱ䲻ˣ뾡ץʥˣȥƻʥµķӡ̱ʣ
ʥǿ߼࣬СȻ֪Ŀ⡣
ˣһ֣ͬʱѹ졣
Ȼ̫⣬֮죬߱ѹԵǿս
Գ֮죬ʥ˿ɵһ̱ɱ
㣬㡭
ס֣

ֵĲҽתۼʥڻصһһɵѪըһһʥڵӲһάһڸ߲Ҳû˿ãڶ̶̵һʱ䱻նѪˮȾƬĴأ֮һƬ档
飬Զȥúٰи̫šիɱۺͺĽң֣ͳȫ٣նһƬ档
̴̤У֮ǰ׷СҪѰСȥӹ̷ӡţ֪ٸ֮࣬Ҳ֪ǵ֮һһš
̶һµʱڣһһд̻ʧάнǽ֪£֪Ϊ֪СĹϵ֪ΪС֣ͬʱҲ֪ƿά˽Ծ㤡
һˣһ˾ͽǬЩ̸
ôܣ
⡭
ôҲΪάİΪ˻Ƭάص鰡ֻҪʥһ˾ֹ֮ĺƽѣά찲ôʲôԣⲻõķ𣿣Ϊộ
ħħ֣
άн֮ڣһʿŭͬʱҲ֣˱㷲
һЩ֮ǰ뵽׷СжеһЩ̴УǾޱȡ
̫ˣǺδ֮Уδ֮УΪ²ʲô
һЩ̵Ľŭмӿ־塣
άΪһʿҲһЩ̴еŭɱ֮øŨңͬʱЩڵ˺ʹ̶
£ڻٵһź̤򿪿ڵδ֮Сһ̣֣Щ̴һһάĨ
ªǣĻʥȻΪ˻߶ϹۣǼȮͣҲѪϴά죡
ɱάص֮þúƵ֮ͬ㣬ά


2425 ׶
ѪϴάƾʲôΪ˭
ʥӡ壬ȷʵάжķӡҲȷʵǻʥ£ǻʥʥĺȻμӹ̷ӡʲô
һ˻ȡάİѡʲôѵҪάİȷģ
ʲôʱʲôȡᣬⶼֲ壿ûеǷ֮
ǸħҪά𣿣
άнŸӾŭ
ʲôӦֻеɱøӻ
һζһƬһּµĶĸС
ָ飬߹άһһĴУٵһ̡
ˣ
̱ȫˣ
ҡٵˣ
һ־ŭһд̱Ĩάнˡ
ģΪʲôҪôͲά
ɶ񰡣ɶ񰡣
ʿʹŭ
󣬻ɱ¾̶ڣٴ̴ʧ
һʱ䣬ټάнû˶־ˣɪɪ
ڣµʱ䣬άн磬߸ͳڶεϰٴεٸУȫٵά޾־塣
ЩҪʥ˼ӹ̷ӡħҵǣ
촫
֪ĲץСȥӹ̻ʥӡĴ̴Уȫ٣һħλϣ˭ɱ뷨
ֻҪ뷨ֻҪطа飬ȫն
ά죬нžŭ󽥽ģҧ
һȥάòһˣֻһˣ
ûѡֻȥƴˣǾȫˣ
һҪҵʥˣԻѪӹķӡÿ죡þ죡
ʿ
˺Զάн磬ྪ㤵ʿֶ
ವģƿ֮һתۼ䣬άһӰħ
ûйȥãħǰĻĮڣʿϵ
ĮУĿŸϵˡ

һ˾ǿҲסάĺ
ʥˣҲΪάİ
׶ĹҲѵģԶĿֲ
ʥģ
Щʿŭ𣬽ŸΧȴǴżɵ;㤣Ͼǰһʱ£ˡ
ĮУ취֯ΪʲôҲûУ̧־һ
וּһĽâϯȥ
תۼ䣬۵ѪһըתۼѣƬʿ
Ĺ֣λһϣƴˣ
ŭ
ƴˣ
ɱ
ʿͬʱˣĳȥ
ıûκα仯ֻվԭأάڣϯܡ
ͬʱάһ֯˳ϵ

ѪŲҽһŽ嵽άʿһһѲ
תۼѣƬĮѪȾ죬Ŀġ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵʥܺﲻը죬ʿһսĺˣȻһЩͨάǿҲᶯݺü
Ȼıȴûκα仯ά۳֮һصĽϯʮ죬̼նһС
ʱ䲻ʧ۵ģѪﲻϱŽһһʿ
ʿֻʱֻʣʮ
ʮʿʱг˿־塣
һ̣ЩʿҰУ֮죬ħ
ʮ˿죬ɵõŵŵˣű֣סķŶ
ǣʲôǲҪʥĺ𣿴ңԸ
䣬֮˵ʮˡ
ʮʿǼ񾳵ΪʱȴĿ֡
Ҫ
ҡֻάάİѣֹֻĺƽٶѣΪʲôҪôǣ
˲
̧־һڵֱն
ңĽ级˷ӿŸһȺʿ
Щ顣
׵ЩˣЩ
֮֯ɱ⣬ʣµʮ˱ȥ
¡
ͻȻƬĮ⽻֯ĵطΪ˵Ϣմ顣
Ȼˣ
ɭ񵽼άѹƵĮĵط޴ĿռŻ֣ħâƵ̼佫طĴƬնȾںڻ谵
ֻת۶ѣٵӰ̤Уǰʮ˴άΣάͷģĶǼŻ꾳ͷΪϢԺܺˡ
ңǿռŻڣиӰڲ̤֯żֲϢ
תۼ䣬طޱѹ
ӡˣ
ˣȫˣ
ά졭ա
Įϣŵʮʿɫ̼ȫˣ֫ĸ
ĽŲû˿仯ƺͿƿʥӡ̤һǿӰֻطŵάʮʿֱһ
ﬣ
Х̶תۼ䣬â⣬ϯʮ˽ǰ
۵ģѪʱһըתǧʿ
㣡
ˣάͬĴеǰ㻹ɱ֣
ﵽûƬأ
ʮ˲
ıûа仯֮ĿʥԣһնƬʿ
ѪƬĮϱŽ
һĻǱЩɫĿȴԺɭȻ
ôȥ룬ճĻӭʢ񣡺ܺãȤ
谵Ľħڱ޾£Ƭص鶼øۣ
֪ǸɻкˣУ٣
һ
ڶҲһºˣ￪ʼɱ𣡡
Ǹ࣬Ǳܲ򵥣ά۷屦ܲҪˣ
ʮάͷǿӱ䣬Ŀ⽥ϣһ˶ˣΪеİǿߣһ̤֮ռžֱ顣
ֻգۼѣǿ߱ӱпᣬֱֳ̧ץȥץе֮԰ɫħâɱ⽫֡

У֮ڣά֮ӿ㣬ͷҲصһ
ĽƣһʱϮɱİǿ߼ĹƲѹֱ˵֮ϡ
ۣ
ѪŽҽжδüάͷİǿߣֱ
ǣ
ôܣ
ӽħ̤壬ֱΪ塢ͽħ壬ʱ̤ǿ߿һĻɫ䡣
ǰһȺǿߣղŶֵˣڵһԪϣѾάߵ˾ͷ񣬾Ȼһͱɱˣ
ͬһʱ䣬طάػŵʮҲ֮㤡
άͷĴں£֪е׶ǿսսάнηҪԭ򡣿۷սǰȻһ͸նˣ


2426 ά
ս
ʮάʿֿ־־㤡
֮ǰļʱһˣٵά߸ͳһڴУά֪ǿ󣬲սҲάڲΣȴû뵽ȻһնһάͷĿֲڡ
һնάͷĴڣǺεȿµս
壬ǿսάͷ
𺧡
һնɱάͷǿߵ죬ǣһ˾ܻ壿
һʱ䣬ʮάʿ𺳵ͬʱһЩ¶ϲı
ѣǲѰʥ˼ӹ̷ӡ񣬵һ˳־ͿˣɽȫĨɱ
ԣ
֮ǰ֪ʵǿҵȸȥѰʥ˰
ǶάͬڲڶʱȽ壡ά
ǰѣǶ֣ȶԸ壡׶̵ĺܣ
ʿȺ󿪿ڣдžâϲεĿ졣
ӱ䣬̧־һ
ﬣ
âᵵڵȫն
һȺάʿҲ˶ѣ̲
㡭ʲô
ǶѾˣΪλǶ֣ӦöԸ尡
Щ˾ŭ
ûκζĻ֮𶯣һ
ﬣ
Хˣư磬תۼһƬһƬѪ
ǰһΪԼ˲ҪСȥӹ̷ӡ־壬񣬼ʵսһ˲ʲôҲûзһ֪ܵȥĨɱ壬άԴˣǻĶĸС
׶̣
ЩˣԶҪ׶ԶҪ̡
ά̫֮ƻľǧپάԭʼ컯پάƾڵάأ̫޵Уնɱάͷ˲̫壬һ˾
ǣûȥ£Ĩɱ廤ά찲Ц
άʱͷβףҲˣΪάȡʱ䣬ѹͷף̿ά޾ѡڣƬάٽͬ£ȴ֣Ƭزֵȥӡ
ﬣ
У֮ڣĽһϯάŷڡ
㡭

סס֣Ҫ
Ĳҽвֱʱʮ˱ȫնɱ
һʱ䣬طһƬ
У֮ɢȥûпЩˣֱ뿪
壬ǿԶȥıӰûֹȥһԪϵİҲ⣬ɫأĿԶȥʧʾͷ
ôȥƬϣȻôµˣ
άƣǱµĽˡ
ʲôˣ
壬ڵĸ߲ɫأս˽ļ¡
ҵڵ̫̤̫򡭡
˳û˵꣬ǣȴ֪ʲô˼
죬̫£޵УȻҲǶ֡
ڡ
ȥԶƬϵЩʿźŨɱ⣬Ƭϵ򣬸ղŲܻǰɱЩˣ򣬸ղŻֱӶƷǶ֡˿δǶ֮󣬵Ҳᡣ
֣ʱҲҪȥȶȡƬάƿȨ
һЩ˵
УеһԪϿڣɱ֮ǰЩɱУᵽ˻ʥˣǸҵȱħԷӡǸ࣬ٲȻкѪһңƺǺйأ
⻰һطһǿ߽ӱúЩ
ڻʥǺǻʥǲᱻڽħƾõ£ǻʥռάء
ڻʥĺˣĴɱΪŨҵɱ
йΣʱǲĶ֡УħһԪϿڣֿжȡƬƿȨҪʱùȵҵ̫̤̫ʱλ̫涯ѹѰʥ˻ɱͬʱƿάҲɴѰλ̫棬Ǿ̫ѾûжԶҪ˶þͿ̤̫
˵Ļǿߣͷ
һʱ䣡
һǿߵŨ֮ǰնһһԪϡ
λڽħڱչأػڣǡɱ
һԪ
Ƭ֪ҵȻˣƬز
ĥһԪϿڡ
ǣ
һԪ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɭĺ𶯳գԱ࣬ϢˣŲп֮ɫӽħڵƬĮάƬĴɱȥ
תۼѣά֮Уάн磬޾ʿһһʼѡ
ǡ

˭Ⱦǣ
ҽάнά޾ʿֻ֮С

ʱһɽڣѾطܾá
ƬɽڿһСɽߣɽڱչȥ
֮ǰͻƵ񾳣Ѿǹȥ˼µʱ䣬׼
Ӽ񾳲Ż꾳֮Խϵĵطӡ
ˣ
ֻľתһʱ䣬ɽڣܵʱ
ЩܵǿǱܺͶǿ˵Ϊ磬һԸоٶȿʼҲһƵıǿ
ʱ䣬һĹȥתۼ䣬طչ£ΪӼ̤뵽۷塣
һ㡣
ۣ
Ż꾳һС̨ףԤУ£µʱɴﵽ

άأ硭
ƿʥӡճ̶ڣάнѪɺӣʿϴ
Ƭأһһ̴б٣֮һ˿ɴ
Ǹƿеά֮ǰ߸ͳӦǿһս֮Ϊʲôֹˣ
ô찡
άнޱȣ߸ͳٵǿĴдҲٵάΪ磬Ʒʱȫûκһ˿ϰ
ֹȥһ£ά쳹ݣά򣬱ȫƿض¡
Ƭ࣬⣬ǻҪū
һЩʿе֪֮ǰǸ࣬ȷʵǺͻʥйأ
λ̫໹һ¾Ϳ̤̫ʱѰѹ£ҵʥΨһڵѪ֮ѪڻʥϵǣΪҵȱôƾõ¶ޣҪǸʥ׵ľ󣡡
ԪǾһ𣬸άɽӣжǴĹ⡣

ɽڣչأĬĬ
⣬ɫʥԻƣԵޱȵĿ飬ƺΪһ塣
ˣһۣǰ¹ȥ
ˣ
ºһ죬һչڵԻ
ϢƺƵ¡


2427 ϻ
ڵкʲϣһ֯ӿȡ
ڰתۼռһŤ
˫ۣƬɽвûʲô飬ֱӱѡɽ١
䣡
񷱬ûйȥãһ׷ѹ¡
һ۶ɵĲȱɵȺʵŵһ㣬ˡ
޾壬վԭأ׷ϡ
ͬʱֻؽڻΨһԴһɽ١
䣡
䣡
䣡
׷һһֵѹ䣬ֱȥʱ䣬ⳡŻ췣ɢȥ
ؾ۳׷ֻؽڣ߲֮ɫƴѪ⣬ȹ̵ǰļŻ꾳ΪֱȥӺ߲ʧ
ʱڼŻ꾳ΣоԼǿ˺ܶࡣңΪڵάصĳɳٶȣҲ֮øӵĿˡ
ɽױ٣رýһƬ˶٣ֱ뿪ط
̤Ƭƽڵɽ׼ȥѰһʵĵطϵĵطӡĵطѾЩ㣬ȥάһϻȡڡ
֮ǰѰǬһϵʶ֪ƬȣʥŨ㣬ҪҺ̬һиصĵرÿһֶΪǷǣͬʱȴҲޱգάµˣͲ̤ڡ
ѰĶϻȵ꣬ȥú˲Ӱ

ײصһȺʿֽϽԴһȺͷǴħϡ
쿴Щˣɨۣһ˲Ͳµ˺ܶ¡ЩͷǴħ壬Խħ̤ĽħǿߣЩˣάصʿȥЩάʿħѹū
ͬһʱ䣬άһʿͽħһǿҲǿ
ѣǰ
ǿֻż񾳣ѣʵ׵Ļǣ
ѣæ
Ⱥάʿ죬¶ϲͬǼ˾ǡ
һȺħǿ߶ʱͷһɫˣæ䱸
ǰĵһʱ䣬ͱΪάһΣĸ߲ˣʱҪ֣ΪǶ֡
Щħǿ߿֣űѹŵάʿԸǣһȻļ£˺⣬ʱ֡
άʿȴδţδЩһֱۣԶȥ
Ƭصʿĵ㣬Ҫ־Щˣܣ塣
ѣ
ѣǰ
ЩûκвΪμȣ㻹ά𣿣
ԶѹһȺάʿ־ŭ
Щˣܿ뿪Զʧһ˵ҰС
ֱʱһȺħǿ߲Ǵ˿ûж֡
漴ȺħǿߵĿ⣬ȫЩάʿϡ
ͼū˳ֶԸǣ

նˣ
Ⱥħǿߣн⺮âȺάʿղ춯ּΪн֯ɱâͬʱ֣ɱħâѹЩˡ
ʱֵĲҽʺѪˮŽһȺάʿתۼ䱻ȫɱ
ѪˮطֱӸȾ˴Ƭ
һĽħǿߣΪ׵һ˿뿪ķһвɵý֯âȥ֪̫ͨ棬Ǹ࣬ˣ
һ̫Ѿ̤̫̫Ҳһȼǿ֣߳첻ܿס
ʥˣά򣡡
٣
ħǿ߳дŲ̺Ĺ⣬ʱķ򷵻ضȥ

뿪֮ǰĵطһ·ϣŶϻȶȥʱѾ߳˺Զ
֮ε˺ѿռŻ֮ǳڶϻ֮⡣
ȥϻƣһڤĹȣһ޷͸ĹСͬʱҲ֯Żʥĸ
ȾԵͷ
ⷽϻȺܲʥصŨȣƬص߸ͳֻ֮òΣճ̶ȣ⣬άǿ磬ôڵȻҲԣάҲС
£ûԥֱ̤С
ڣŨŨƣ̤ûãй޳Ϯ
һеӭһɹɭɭ磬ȼŻ꾡ͷǿߡ
ңͬʱ޳֣һ̼һɹɵ硣
ûʲô仯ֱ̧һƣ˹Щȫķɡ
漴úƬϻȵλá
طʥصǻ
һ󣬵һʱ佫ϵĵطӡ⿪
ʱһطֱڡ
ϻڣӿʥص䳯ϯ
ͬʱͷϿգʶʵһ㡣
ңƬڣŨҩڵĵرʱֱ⻯ܵһӿӿ뵽ڡ
ԴˣԵúƽֻľתЩܵ
ˣ
ɫʥԽ֯ľʱһǳ˵ٶȿʼ
ͬʱΪҲһƵ
ˣʱһΣת֮䣬չȥ
ŽػӡܵٶԽԽ죬ԽԽǿ֮һ죬Ϊ뵽άΡ
˵һ˲һе
ά٣ʹѹ¡
쾲վڽ֮ڣκεƶ̧ͷŲϵά׷
ңһʱ䣬ֻؽҲڻ
ˣ
һӿһ׷ֶΪһ׺ѹ¡
󣬵ڶ֣֣֣֣֡
ܼ׷һ䣬ֱǧ׷ȥⳡ췣ʧ
в٣߲ƽ֯Բ񷴹»˵߲ɫʥԡ
ؾ۳ֻؽڣ߲ɫʥȹ̵ǰάΪ
ˣӺ߲Ҳɢȥ
ά

ΪάΣоԼսǿ˺ܶܶࡣΪҪǣ˻ϵĵطӡԾôرøˣණֻǿһ۾Ѹ䱾ʣܼ򵥵ĿԴ
ⷽȱýһƬȭָӦ¼漴̤ȥ
ܿ죬̤⣬Զȥ
Իȥˡ
Ϊﵽά̤ϰάˣ֮ǰ׼ȻάȥƿеάԼʱշ򣬽뵽άأǿڵάء
ͬʱҲȥºͼǣԼľλʦֺĹѡ
£ɵ¶Ц¶֣˺ѳһͨά֮š
ҲʱƿյԶӰգۼǰ


2428 ƾά
ӰΪߣħ֯ŵѹǿᵽ㡣
쿴ˣɫƽ
̫磬ˣ
ʵϣ˵ϢϣѾжϳ˵㿪ڷʣֻڼѡ
ͬʱЩݵģϾ֮ǰûȲεˡ
ȻĶݽֻΪͻأô̫ǿߣǼɵԷˣûǸҪάΪάصսǾ׵Ļɱ̫ǿߡ
ͬһʱ䣬ವƿϵ̤ķϣһһӰתۼ˽ˣΪάԪϡ
ǣ
άнһЩʿѰǸʥĺˣйϵʦͽ
ǰǰϻȣħǿ߷֣ȥڵԪǣЩԪڴﵽ̫̫棬ͬʱҲ֪壬һ̣֦ͬ壬άϵǿߣ
ԪϾں󷽣̫̫һЩ£Цſ졣
ǰƷǿǼɵҶ֣ȴǲͬˡ̫̤̫Ȼǲټɵˡ
ʱǿ죬ͬǿʬ㣬Ҳͬǿһ޴ıأΪƿеάܴϵõƿάķƿάľ飬ǵĺô޴
ʥĺˣ
̫浭Į
ͽħ̫濴죬û˵ʲôȴĿĮȻ
Ǵ̫磬ά֮£˭ܵУ
쿴ǣöǣҲҵӵ⣬ַá
˵꣬ͨά̤֮롣
䣡
һħնħ̫涯֣ǿħֱӺ֮š
ӵˣħ̫Ŀ䵭ĮȻħâʥĺˣƿصάʹЩ
̫Ͱ̫棬䵭
̫ѳк󣬽ϷһԪУͷ­졣
Ȼ
ħ̫ͷ̫Ҳû
󷽣ĽٸάԪϣʱǸĿ졣
ɨ̫棬ɨĽάǿߡ
ЩˣϲǿҲڡ
Į
Ż䣬һһ̱ǳڽħ̫ǰ
˾˵ٶȣʹýħ̫浱ݣʶĺˣ㡭
Ҳʱ첢ָüϣ취â¡
ۣ
ʺѪˮŽħ̫汻ֱӹᴩͷ­ֱͦͦĴ׹䣬еתۼʧӰ١
̫棿
ħһԪ̲סгˢˢĳԼһ̫׹µȥԼһס
˶֣Լһ棬ڣ꣬ȴǱˡ
Ѿˡ
ôܣ
һһԪ־ֿŭ
һ̫棬ڲǰﵽ̫ȴȻһ˲ͱɱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬̫桢̫ԼάԪϣҲǱɫ
ô᣿
Щ𺧡
һ̫ǿߣȻô׾ͱɱˣ
㡭
̫Ͱ̫濴죬ǲɵһɾ
ƫͷˣȥ
ĲӺȻֻ̤һǳ̫ǰûκζĶάһ֯ģֱһĳ
̫澪㤣еʥֵܵȻȴһҲûУѹİƽ֯άưˣֱӱǽ֮ĵ
һѪƮڿУĿġ
棡
һΪһԪϴг
һﵽ̫̫棬Ҳͱɱֻһƣ
̫漹ˣʱٴο죬ֱӵͷӡ
תۼ䣬ͬĽħ߱׻ɱһ̣ϵǿ֪Ŀ£ʵԲܵס
쿴Ӷݣûȥ׷άնֻؾŽͨ
ﬣ
ŵ⽣ӾŸͬķת۱ǱƵ̫ǰ
۵һûκ̫棬Ǳն
棡
һԪʱгͽħ̫ϳ֮һ̫ϳϣҲնɱˡ
̫̫棬ɶ̫ǿ߰ȴ򵥾ͱȫն
һʱ䣬ٴο죬̲סɫǱһƬҰס
ˣڴ˿ɪɪ
ƫͷһԪϣɫԵʮƽ
ֵ΢Ƭֻؽ⽻֯ܺᵴȥ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮһһŽԪգۼֻʣһˣ˽
ġҡҲӵ⣬Ҳٴŵ㡣
ʣµΪħһԪϣάͷһ̲ϵķ
£ʱֱӽԷǿѰԷʶ
Ƭ̺΢ԴʶԶԷʶ˳һƽԷĨɱ
ˡ
ѰԷʶ˽˵ǰά쾳ά쳹ˣƿأнԭеĴţȫʧˣ
С度˵Ѫħ߸У֮ǰˣԭСԼȥ߸УԼȥѩޣȴǲˡ߸У֮ǰȴڽħ˻
ά죬ٰ鱻Ĩɱ鱻Ʊū
˶٣ɨά죬ٴ˺ͨάص֮š
Ҫά찲ܼ򵥣Ĩɱ塣
ǣö֣Ƭûֵļֵ
ڣ֮ǰԭҪάҲͥҲ㡣
ͥһִĺӣ뽫ͥһƬϡ
٣Ŀǰ롣
ɨƬأ̤˺֮ڣתۼʧ
һƬ谵ĬĬĵȴҲ֪˶ãڱ²ʵʵϡ
ȥλһƬɽｻ֯ʥȻȲάأȴҲǷǳĻ񲻷
£վطƬصά򣬺ķһʱƿάٺķѰʱ佫άɣֺķһµʱ佫άȫ뵽ڵά֮ڡ
ǲ֪ڲƬء
άͥȥ


2429 ֻ߳
ٶȷǳ죬ûкķѶñάصͥ壬֪¡ѩҹ뿪ά첻֮󣬱Ǿͻصάء
õûάء
ֱ˺ͨάص֮ţֱ̤У뿪ά졣
ú֮ͨţάء
ĵطΪάصһƬСڣһƬտС
˫ۣʼ
άصάάصάԼάصάѾƿˣάصάֻغѾƿأʣµĻʱշʱʼַ
ʱ䣬һһš
תۣһµʱȥʱշͬʱƿأɣַӡڵά֮ڡ
ã
н֯һƾâ
񣬳ȴֻ⣬ƿصάȷȫά֮ڣܻδ֯άصн䣬ȴʹάǿ˼ࡣ
վԭأ˶٣Сάڽ˳
ʦǣ
СˣܣЩɻ
άء
漴򵥽άصľС˵¡
һʱ䣬СЩ΢㶡
Ѫħ߸度˵߸Уˡ
άأС
ʦС˶٣Ժ󣬵»صάأԶԸ壬άָ𣿡Сǰӡǣĺףά챻ƿأá
˶٣Сӣ֪˵̫̫άнǰԴ֮ǰſԼȥӹ̷ӡƷԺȥԸ壬ά찲ɵð̾Ϣ
Щ̾ϢʵϣʵǺοģϾ˵СһĺܺãΪĹʱʥ֮
ԡСһԴֻҪΪʦ᲻ͬ⡣
šСͷллʦ
Цһ£С˺ռŻСʮ⡣
ܱߵǳʮǿ˵Сȴ֯һַǳ˵ʸС
ʸУΪԿ
ʮ˶٣ֱӴСʮǣܿʮǵھͥ⣬ֱ̤ͥڡ

صûԼϢɢԼϢ¡ͰǺܿͷˣӭ˳ɵһ嵽ǰ
һ˵ϣЩϲôôͻ
ά̤άأŹȥһʱѣ֮ǰ뿪һε뿪ʱȷʵǺܶݡ
֮׼ҪȥάˣǣҲ˳һЩάȷ򡣡
Ц
ɵͷ˶٣ĿСϣգգۣǣ
ºȻҲСʱĿⶼСһϡ
һЦάյµӣСһܲһλʥͺˡ
Ϊµ˽Сּ򵥵ΪСѩҹˡ
Сܹɺܶڣһһºѩҹ
ԡ
ЦĵСһԴһѵССһ
һ죬صµ˺ܶ࣬ͥνʮܰ
漴գͥµ˾һΪһάά򣬷ǳ棬ϣƿЩ
ͬʱУҲֳ˼ֻغֻء
ʱţתۣһʱȥ
ʮֻͥ¡ѩҹꡢ桢Ͼ顢ŶϦ¡ԼάشСһʱ£һУѩҹꡢ桢Ͼ顢ŶϦºͰûдĳɹСƿάƿά
ʣµ£άƿأάƿص֣ȻƿصĺǿȴѾá
ʹһζµпʵЩˣ̫ǿˣ
ǳ˰ʱ䣬δƿصάʹ½άҲƿأͬʱպ˷ҲһƿصС
Ψֻطƿزˣǲ򵽣زֻأļֻرԴҲ
ʦǿ󰡣
С£ǳݡ
άڣŽҲûκһ˿ȡ
ף
Ҳڡ
ѩҹ˸𺳣֪ܶºȴǱˡ
ЦᣬƬض˱˼֡
û˵ʲôĴָЦ⡣
һʱΪµάȷԼһֻأȡõĳɹҲǲСѾƿصɵֻأƿ߳ѾûжԶ
ȥߡ
Ц
µȻû⣬һ죬һ뿪ʮͥ硣
ͼһʱ䣬ʵ࣬Ҫٰάأͬ㣬߹˺ܶطάأŶ֮ܿѰԼľλʦ֡ˣάصͥھ۵һ
ѪôСƿά취ǡ
յСӣɵ¶𾪵ı顣
Сʦأ
С걧С
С꣬ΪȴѾﵽʥ磬ƿάôһʹһ˽ľ

𶼿ڣô֣СдŨŨľâ
Цһ֮άͥУΪԼľλʦֺͰάȷ򣬷ǳ棬һʱ䡣
һʱƿάȷ򣬰桢ҶС̫ƿһάȷδƿһֵάȷ
̫ˣ
׻ۡ
άȷһƬصĸǿһ˻ƿء
쵭Цһֻأƿ߳ɵֻء
ңȥôʱ䣬δΪȴҲǴﵽάڡ
⵱˯Ϊ
ۡ
죬˻ϵطӡʵ̫̬ˡ
ʱ䣬š
һۣһµʱȥ
һκ۵ʱܾãһ죬׼ǰάˡ
˵άܻң׶ǿֻʣ˼Ż꾳ǿߣȥάǰ͵ɣʵսҲǺбҪ
𿪿ڵ
ʦҲάȥ
СҲڡ
룬ûоܾһ죬ֱ˺ͨάص֮ţԼľλʦ֡СҶͯСͰˣٵά֮ڡ
ʦ֣עⰲȫ
Լľλʦֵ˵
һУΪǿľά磬Ϊȥǰάʵû̫ΣأˣЩǵģϾЩ˶ԶǺҪ


2430 ʥ»
ģǶ˽⡣죺Ҳһ°ȫһ
עⰲȫѽ
ɿڡ
ºͼŮҲڣҲһάأҪƬ
ͷ£ǾͰˡ
άƿά쵽άȴֻάȷ򣬾һļſվʿǰҲǲһ
š
µͷᡣ
˵Щٴ˵ֱ˺ͨά֮š
άڣҪͨά֮ţȻǺܼ򵥡
˼򵥻֣̤ͨά֮ڣתۼʧԭء
ڻ谵ѹ֣ʱԵúģ
ڣĬĬȴҲ֪˶ãǰйԻ
вĴ֯²ʵʵϡ
ͬһʱ䣬һХ⴫ҲһŮľ
ƫͷȥ⣬һŮһѩëұһѩϣһͯӸһԡ
ʥ»
ĿͷϣĿЩݡ
ʥ»һּ亱ޣǧҲԼһͷ￴ˡ
ʲôˣҾҼСҼ˵ʥ
ʥ»ԣͯӺȵ䶢죬Լģ
쿴ͯӣϡմʱŮľУͯƺ˶ǳ
ǸռŻж⾪š
ǸתԶȥ
طѾо˳еʥŨľˣԶԶάؿȣȻǰάء
ﬣ
һĽ˿˿ƵĽűߣն˵ر
ֹƫͷͯӡ
⣬ͯն
ʲô˼

ͯһҼС˵ʥһ֪֮ҼС˭ľ᪵ãʥ»ΪʥսǾά죬ĵڣʵԷΪ¾ˣ
Ůʥ»֮ϣĿţûκαʾһ˿˿߰
쿴ͯӣĮɨ˶ԷһۣԶȥ

ͯӴݰףȴΪһ̤˲ǰֱӿǣָɽϢ䣬ɭɭ
Ҳڣ
һƳȥ
һ֣һƬ֮أڱʥ»ŮΪͻȻܾⲢԹ㲻ǸҲȫԡ
ǣɻǵǸˡ
ȻͯȴûûˣͱˣΪ㲢ȫԹС£ǸҪԷΪԴ˲󣬾ȻֱץǣҪɱʵ̣
飡
˦ӭ϶ԷĹһԷ𿪣ŵŵ˿ʮ
㣡
ͯӶݣɫ
ʥ»ϵŮҲǲ죬ԼͯжǿһħɽѹһͷȻΪֻǴάͷȴǷǳ£һϣһЩ̫ǿҲԶԶȲϣȻطͯȴȻάڵʿһƸˡ
쵭ĮɨͯһۣԶȥ
ͯŤⱬ䣬徶ֱǣһͷʮɸߵľޡ
˫࣬˫צһͺ𣬰Ƶֱץͷ­

ɭд
צϵĿռ䱻Ť漴ƬƬı
̧֣һסԷצֱһŤ
һԷצ飬ѹұӲص̬ͯ
ſ֪Ҫ㲻ú
ͯɭȣĶ죬еɱŨҵĺܡ
ɫһ飬̧һţŰʥֱӽԷ߷ɡ
۵һɵĹУ飬ʶڵҲһ顣
㣡ʥ»ϣŮ־ŭɱҸʹӣôĵӣ
£ʥ»оŭһͺ𣬰ʥƵֱѹ졣
һѩףʥʱ˫Ŀȴɱ¾ޡ
צ̧ʥۣɱٲȻɱ졣
ޱɴˣ
飬ۻ취񽣣ֱһն¡
ۣ
ѪˮŽʥ»̫ȴסһֱӱնͷ­
꣬Ҳһ顣
һ޵ڵϣŮˤ˳ȥ
ʺд˿˿ɫѪˮʥ»ڲ
㡭ɱҸʥ㡭ôĵӣҸʥޣ
Ůŭ㣬ʥɽշޣֵͯһɻأȥһŵأȴ룬Ȼﱻɱˡ
ɱɱң
쵭Į
һҪɱԼ˻Ӳ飬ʲôǲޡ
㡭
Ůŭ죬˵ʲôӭ쵭Įȴûи˵ڡ
ͯӴάͷɱˡʥ»̫ҲһնԼǴάڶѣˣҼײ죿
ڣʱɱⶼ¶һ㣬ɱ
쿴ŶԷĮɨֱۣԶȥ
Ů϶еģȻûж֣ȻҲɱ֡
Զƽ
ŮԶȥֱ߳ԶʧҰУ˿
ɶ񣡸粻Źģ
ҧһ򣬺ܿ뿪

뿪֮ǰǸطѾ߳˺Զ
֮ΰɽһһеʥٱάǿǧֹɵΪһ㶯ݣһ뵽˸Ƭ֮ĴԪࡣ
ʥռڣƬص飬ʵǱ漸Ƭص̫ˡάضԣάڣʿҪﵽάΣѶȣνǿȵ죬άأȴԲǺѵ顣
Ƭؼ䣬߹һɽѰһЩʥԶԺŨĵط
ά̫ƻľǧپάһΣŵƻľܽϵĵڰطӡˡ
ڣάڣƻľ磬ѾûжԶ׼ƬѰһʥǳĵط콫ΪƻľȥϵĵڰطӡԾﵽάӶٵάȥ
پάǰһĿ꣬ʦʦ͸ĸ׶ھάء
һɽڣάط̽Ѱ֣ȷʲôطʥԼصǻһЩ
ܿ죬άأʱȥҡ
䣡
һ죬ͻȻ䣬һĿԼԶޱȾ˵ʥ֯Уݻһһ˰㡣
ǸкԶȴǿǵĿĹо˰ŹĻʥҲһģ󣬵ݡ
ĵط
Ǹ¶һƾâ


2431 ϵľά
ԶճĹ̫貺ͳˣҰž˵ʥֵҪ֪Ǹطһǳ˵ڣʥΪŨѾǿȫȷģŷǳ˵
Ͼֵ󣬿ɲΪʥ۳Ϊ˵ĳ챦
£ûκһ˿ԥֱӳǸȥ
󣬺ܿ죬˲ٵʿһڳǸȥ
ľ᪵ͷޣȻ˸ɱˣˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ʱ׹һħ߲õһλĴУǾ̤˰άͷƿֵİάǼͳ֮ޱȼɵ֮СǸ֪ˣɱǶľ᪵ޣôģӳ˲ɣ
ľƺڴһЩ£ʱ޷Լ֣ȴѾų˭ѹ͵ǰǷԷһ飬һЩͳ涼¼Ϊ⣬ƺ˴߳
ǰһȺʿۡ
΢ǰնһͷ޺һͷޣᵽľ᪡֣ЩʿĻ˲ȻǸΪľõŮǵ¸֪˶ľ磬ʹðάнԴ¹֪
Լ޷Żάнѹңͦ硣
Ц
ͬʱڶľʵЩģȻѾﵽ˰άͷͬʱƿְά򣬷άأŽܱȡ
ȻԴЩ죬ȴô⡣
Դӡ죬ܣޣ˼ħͨʥûʲôˡ
άصİְάԴӡ򣬻취򣬴ܷ򣬿޷򣬰˼ħͨʥƿֶԱ˵ȫʥڵ˵ʵȺˮѲȥûκοġ
ֻֻصѶȣĶ̫ˡ
ά챻ô꣬˵ʲôԭΪʲôٲȥ
˭֪أҲûϵֻдﵽάβܵϾάʱǵʵҪﵽάǾûܣȥеûģǶЩάǿߵ£ЩάϹŶȥͷ۾ˡ
֡
ڣЩάĴǣǽϣ˶ľϣľ᪵õĴУδľ᪻ѰⷽӰάﵽά졣
Ǹľ᪣ȷʵǸʵǸϣҲΪˣӰǼЩеİάǣ֮ޱ⡣ԣǸɱľ޵ǸˣЩӷʣôҶԶľ᪵ɱ֣
ǰһȺʿۣ̤߱ܿԶ
ʱ䶯ݣŲɵһ͡
ά챻ˣٲȥ
Ȼ£
£һ̤ٶȺܿ죬תۼ׷֮ǰ۵Ⱥˡ
λѣһ⣬άرϵ£ܷϸ֪һ£
ʵ
ⲻ˶֪ȺʿЩŹ֣òɫһӾͱˣۣ㣡
Щʱ䣬òѾǴάЩʿȻǶ˳
㣬㡭ǿûô㣬͸ղһ£ɱ𡭡
ȺʿΪάڵά۷壬նɱĶľ᪵ͷޣǿ̫ΣЩȻ֪Լ˲Ķ֣ԣʱ֣ûѹȥľ᪣öľǷ飬ûǸʵǵԼȫǶ֣Ϊ֮ǰ۹죬˳ǲӳˣʱЩֲ̿
ûСҡͷ£ά챻ô£
Щʿ֮ǰѾ˾άر˵£ʱٴȷ²Ҫǲһ̶һЩ
£һһٶȸ֪£һȺ˼ĸ뿪
һʱ䣬ֻʣ촦ԭأüͷ
֮ǰʿƣά֮£ԭﵽ˰άεʿǾͿ˺ͨάص֮ţӶ̤뵽άУںܶǰάͻȻһǿָˣάڣǴﵽ˰άǿߣ˺ͨά֮ţ̤֮źȴҲ˾άأֻ˻ء
ô
ü
ά챻һǿˣ²صʿ޷̤άȥ
ô£
һʱ䣬ԭأԵüΪɻ
漴ܿ죬¶һƾâ
ȴﵽά
Ϊû˺ѿͨά֮ţԣ޷оά챻˵ľ״ᵽһ㣬ܵõϢޡȵ˰ά˺ѿͨά֮ţԼȥ¸˾άǹɰȥǹʱܾȷ֪ϸĶ
뵽һ㣬£֮ǰǵĵطԸٶȸȥ
ܿ죬ȥ֮ǰǵҹĵط
ȥǰһĴһҵĹʣ˲񷣬ϣʥǳˣгȺʿڳȥ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ
ˮŽʱһһʿųҹĵطû롣
ûԥҲеǹĵطȥ
вʿһǸ壬˺俴ݡ
㣡
һ˳Ϊһͷ꣬죬ֱӶ֣ʩʥץ졣
һʱ䣬ƻľѹƵӿȡ
ͬһʱ䣬⸽ʿҲǿ죬ɫ
ɱľ᪵ͷ޵ˣ
ǰɱ˶ľ᪵ޣѾά֪˿̼طһʿΪ֮ݡ
󣬼̹ͷ֮һЩǿҲһ֣Ӹѹ졣
ľ᪣õĴУѾﵽάͷͬʱƿְάѾǰάһˣпܴͨϵľά죬ڰάصӰ켫ѹ͵ľǰľ᪵һ飬Ƕκ˶Զһڼջ󣬶Щͳ涼⡣
¡
ʥӿֵ˸Ǵƻľת˲ǽܵпռȫ˿˱ܵĻᡣ
쿴ЩˣȻ֪Щ˴ʱʲô֪Щ˵Ŀġ
ڣά֮۶л۳ֱ֮һն
ﬣ
Х̶ݻһɽз籩ѹ£Ĺȫ顣
Ʋϯȥ
תۼ䣬һжֵȫɣѪˮ
⣿
άô
ǣǱǡǣ
طȻҲһʿ죬˿̼άΪȻһһȺƻľǿȫɨɣ˵ɴۣĲš


2432 İάһ
󸽽һʿǱסˡ
֮ǰĴУЩʿ֪ܻɱ̫ǿߵսϾľ᪱ɱͷޣ̫Σʱۼ챾ˣȻֻǲŴάڣҾȻһɨʮƻľǿߣһ˱ǶΪ֮ļ£Ǹӵļ¡
ƻľǿ̫вΰ쾹Ȼ󾳽蹵һɨһȺƻľǿߣʵ̫ˣսʵڿֲ
Ȼ𺳵ͬʱЩʿҲ֪Ϊܼ¡
Ǳйأ
Ǳѵѵһǧپı
⡭ƺпܣ
һЩʿۡ
ѪˮƮڿУֵһȺƻľǿסΣǲɵöݡ
ǿɶƻļǿߣȴֻάΪԶ죬ȴȻ׵ľͱһˡ
ҪǱ
һ˵
һϣѹ֮õĺô֮ҵһƽ֣
һ˵
ľ᪶Լޱ⣬ֻԼÿԳŻά죬˭ѹȥǷԷһ飬һΧڣɴӦһ¡Ǻѹ󣬿ľҪһھ챦ʱ򣬿һС
Ҫ֪ľᪿǵõŴĴУƿصһǾ춯أȻǼͳİά棬ЩҲޱȵ۲
ԣ
֣
£һ̵ͷͬ飬໥ϣͬʱѹ졣
ܹʮˣƻľΪ˿̺һ֣ڿе֮һ˵֪͸Уֻв
¡
ʮһ֣һʱ䣬ʥ磬ˣҪ񷶼ѹ
쿴ЩˣӵĮ
֮ǰЩʿѾһΣնһֻǽЩ˱˶ѣȴǲ룬Щ˾˿֪ڸģȻһεĳ˹
ﬣ
е̶֮ХһΣ飬ά֮ڡ
һնԻһ꣬ƺƵĳʮնȥ
ʱ䣬ʮ˼ʥ飬󣬽ֶ¡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһը֮ⷽϣ֯һѪɫ١
ʮˣת۽
һ˴
⡭
ϣһʿݺһ˼Ϊ֮һ궼Ϊ֮
һֻһնʮƻľǿߣ
֮ǰһˣ
Ǳ۷弶ǧٱɣ
ǣάڼΪôõ£
ʿļ¡
Ѫϣƫͷɨһˡ
˭Ҫ
䵭
⻰һһʿʱһ£ӭĿ⣬˵ŵŵɺˡ
ЦһǾնʮƻľǿߣпƻľͷˣսǧپϵǿߣ˭Ҷ֣
ɨЩһۣ̤֮ǰֱ֮û롣
ˣǡ
Ѱôһڿֲıǡ£
طûǧپǿ߸ϵ֮󣬿϶ȼǿ֣߳Ǹʱ¾ΣˣǱҲܵеùǧپǿߣϾΪ̫࣬ͲǱֲˡ

Щ۾ά̫Сԣ˺Ͷľ᪵£עմߡǸϽȥ;˵ڳ䱦
еߣ
һȺʿۣҲ֮û롣
ͬʱԶգʿһû¡

谵
ûʥ⣬ȻȻĽĺˮȥ
Ժ׹ᴩϣɢȥһ·£úһ͸ĹĻ·ҰС
ĻֵķΧǳ㣬￴ȥھһƬɽȺĴųƬĵʣȻֵѾ̮Ǵ󲿷ȴţżΪ˵Ϣ
ʹĿ΢ȥƺһΪϵĴе֮
˶٣Ļǰֱ̤УĻû
Ȼ硣

ⷽȻ粢ǿᣬԸĺˮǿʿԣȴʲôҲ㲻ϣԣһĴʿ׵Ĵ͸ȥ
ĻѾгȺʿȻ֮ǰ̤УɽȺ̽Ѱʲô
İάһУţһҹĪʧӰ٣û뵽Ȼ֮ⷽ£벻ͨô
ôʲôұﰡİάһУɡ
ﬣ
ʿۣڳƬɵȺڣһ̣ƺ˴ʲô̼ɱƽ֯ƬɱâʱŽĿռȫն顣

ҽеһʱ𣬾
ɲǶѣǸλϵһȺʿȫ飬
ǣ
пɴɱƣô£
һЩɵȺеʿһĻǲɵΪ֮ݡ
մȻ磬ǿһĻͬʱҲ֮ǰЩʿۣн֯âĿ΢
ĵһۣǾͲµһе֮ȴ룬ȻˣңǰάĵһС
֮ǰЩʿɱƣҲǿණǰάɱ󣬵еػɱԭɱҪӡܿڣȥƺΪĳЩ仯ֻҪɱһЩɱƶΣͻֱɱԻӶάĿֲɱ
ң˳ɱڰά۷弶Ȼǵڵİά۷弶ǿӡ
һ˲䣬һ򵥵֪İάһУ䱦žͬʱͻ˵ػɱ󣬳Ϊв
һ⣬ά֮£κ̤Уʱ

ͻİά۷弶ɱһ԰άµʿԵġ
Щȴû⣬ֱ̤ɵȺ֮ڡ
ɵȺڣʥŨЩˣ񵽼㡣
һ̤УëױȻ𶯣ʹϵʥȻȻĳӿȥеĸ䡣
Դˣû̫⣬ǵһʱ佫άĴطͬʱת̽ɵȺѰеر
άһе֮أĹ汦Բ١
ʹط̽ѰɵȺͬʱһҲתȻȻıܿеɱƣңҲнԼĻһӡЩɱڡ
ɵȺڣŵİάػɱͻˣû˿ӡѾ£һǿʵŽɱԼƿУԾ޺ġ
һڣĿõǿȻþ
ܿ죬УԼʮȥĿһĺõıϣŷǳϢ


2433 ջ񼫷
ر󣿡
ӦűڵϢĿⲻɵ΢
Ϣڱɢ
£ûԥֱӳṳ̋ȥ
ﬣ
ͻȻ̶Ľһֱĳնᴩա
ü˿ܡ
ϺХԶһֱնķ顣
Ӧǲ
Զһ˳֣Ŀ䣬̤ٴѹϡ
ﬣ
⣬ǧپѹ֯гƬĽâٴѹ졣
΢ܡ
һǧپǿߣάΪȼˣά֧ţҲԶԿ
ХϣԵĻ졣
ϣһĵն飬ŽƬɳ
ǣ
׽ŵȻ
ɵȺŲٵʿʱطսǱ˿Ŀ볯￴̶ϳǸΪǧپεˡ
죬һʼʿȻͿˣ˳ɱľ޵ǸˣΪǿֻ̫Σ֮ǰ˸Ҷ֡
ﬣ
âƵȺ磬ĿռһһŤǵ졣
ֻزԼٶܷĹһĲӰ
ͦ
ָҲ죬Ŀֱֱϡ
ľ᪷ų˻ѹ죬ɻ֮һ飬һΧڣһ£ڰάнǿУɾһƶĳأ˿̣Ʋʱڽѹȡľ᪵顣
ֻ壬ֻزٶȱø죬ܿһ⡣
׽ŵúڵķ׽ţ᳹׵ĴӰάʧ
ƽ
һЩʿУѾ֪
мúҷ׽Ż᳹ʧ˼ǣ֮ᱨ죬ЦΪܴӱ룿лᱨ
Ż䣬һ⳯նٸЩ
ɫ䣬ˣӡ
䣡
ͻȻϣշڣһһɱƽ֯ɱ̺Ƶ
͵ģѹ⣬һʱ䱻ȫ顣
ǣ
ɫ΢䡣
ɣ΢ֶɱ𶯣˵ɱ⽻֯
ƬɱɱâӿĿ⣬ֱŷ䡣
֮ǰ̤ɵȺʱǿʼһӡɵȺڵһЩάɱڣƬѾдƬɱƿУʱֱӽЩɱƻѣŽɱ⣬Դ˹
ۣ
ѪŽգۼ䣬У顣
һĻʹøһʿ붯ݡ
ǣǡ
ɱƣʲôʱµģ
ӡµģƬɵȺڵɱƣ֮ǰ˴ʱɱһģһ
˵ƬɵȺڵɱƣŵػɱ󣿣
ôģ
ʿ𺳡
ͬʱѪ䶯𣬷ؾ۳ŭĿ졣
㡭
䣡
׽ŵʱŸ³һ֣ϵɱƱһηڣ֮£Ƭɱâֱ֯ȥ
ǰάɱƣǧٳڵķȻȴҲǸס
۵һһΣ׽ŵֱӱ飬ֻʣδ

ŭһؾۣйǷɿˣҲû뵽쾹Ȼܵɱ󹥻͵ֵˡ
û׷֮£ɱƷڣһĿɱâֱԻԷ
գ۶ѣɱâǰܵпռȫ
ʱһܶ嵱Ŀ֣ס
ۣ
ɱâϯ仰ֱӽķ顣
һ˲䣬طֱӱʿǲɵô˸
׽ŵǧپΪ㱻άڼնˡ
Դû⣬δʿ̤֮ǰǰ
֨ѽһƿĴš
ʱ֮ڶĿıӱڱŽ˼㡣
ڣıʣꪡܡ¯ȣʽʥӦоͷУǧپıŽڣƻļ̫㳬࣬εıж٣һıƥ
вɵý֯âȻǲرңЩĿӴƷͣϵļֵΪˡ
Եͷּʥ⽻֯ЩһһڣάС
⸽һʿĿ߬˫֡
ôıذ
ֻǣʱȴûһ˸ǰȥᣬϾղſһǧپǿ߱նˣʱطûһ˸ȥ졣
϶ܿ죬رڵбȫάء

Ե뿪ƬɵȺطȥ
ܣһʿıӰ˶ĿļɵЩɵӡ
һǧپǿߣȻô򵥵ıˣʵЩʿоļ£Ϊɱȴɺܿ¡
ϾܹԼɱɱУⱾ˵Ĳһ㣬ֲ
Ǹоõһ˵Ŀڶȴ˿Ҳ⡣
ƬɵȺУάط̽ѰɵȺλá
֮δȥãҵһʥҩ
һĵرʣΪʥƼӳػЩĵرû˿ţɢżΪŨķ㣬ʹе¶һƾâ
кܶǳ˵ĵرŴã
£֣еĵرȫ
ԹƣЩĵرԿʹ̤ƻľΣ
˵ջ񣬷ǳ
䣡
Զʥܼһص󱻷֣챦һȺʿᣬ˻һ𼤶ѪˮŽ
ط˷һƬҩ԰ҩ
УʿսǸλãеЩ֮ϣһЩļֵǳˡ
£֣άʱշԻռʱ䣬ݻһʱУƬУУ
ЩУвٵıʿֱӴά۷̤̫ڡ
ңһЩڹ̵ʹȣҲдá
ʱշ򣬽صڵĴ󲿷ֱߣ֮ǰıĵرĿǰΪֹջνǷ񵽼㡣
ԴˣɵðԵͷԴ˷ǳ⡣
Դеķջ̤ܺܿƻľϵĵڰطӡ̤ǧپ֮άƣ̽ķѲ̫õʱ䡣
¡
ͻȻʥ𶯣й֮ӡԶԻֱĳѹ
άѹӿȡ


2434 
һʱ䶯ݣֻزԼٶܿȥ
ߣ
𣬰άѹٴѹ䡣
һ֣߳һͷͷ䣬װһǺӡ
ǧɽҵ棡
ɵȺڣƬʿΪ֮ݣϳ췢ߡ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬȼѹԻʥе˳֣Ҳѹ졣
̫Ϲ
Ÿ棡
ʿϳˣǧɽҵһάڶİά
һʱ䣬άǿһ֣ʮռŤάϢΪˡ
ֻزҳֻԼά֮壬ˡ
ͬʱ΢¡һطĳƬɱƸգѾƿ֮У˿֮±ɱâάϢƵ
ǧɽߣһ£Ƭɱâ
ͬʱ̫ϹԼŸתѹƬɱ⡣
üά֮۳֮һ˵
ٵĺˡ
İάɱƺǿȴվκε˰άǿߣϾֻƿ˲ֵɱƶѣɻûƿڵĻɱ
ӵˣ
̫Ϲڣ캮Žʮգʮء
ңͬʱҲڽ䱸ǧɽԼŸ档
ϾʱĿģѹ죬Իȡľ᪵飬Ȼȴֻһ˭죬ľ᪵Ǿ͹˭á
ǧɽҵԼŸ棬໥裬ȴǷ
ɰάϢҪ쵱ѹ顣
ֵֶȴû̫ãϺˣǿߵĹ
ΪֻǲάڣҪսάǿߣǸܣܹİάɱԼά֮ʱʱδѹѾǾˣһ˴磬άǿߵϢˡ
άľͷȻûһ˲佫ѹ
⡭
⸽һʿļ¡
άڵΪӭάǿߣ֧ôãֱ
Ȼǧɽ桢̫ϹѾŸҲľʱΪ໥䱸ԶԶûжȫϾҲǰάǿ߰죬ȴȻܹάڵΪ˵Ĺ֧š
£໥˵ͬʱʼƣѹøŨ
üͷĸ˵ĹѹǣȻʱδԷѹȴѾҵʹ嶼⣬ƺһ̾Ҫ塣
¡
ͻȻطɵȺ𶯣ϣһĴѺ۸ͬ֩һ㳯ӿȥһɼΪ˵ħͻأԵص׳񷡣
͵һɵȺϵȻֱӱᴩ
𣡡
޺Եص״һޱȿ̤ħƣ˫ͫһƬɢϢµ㣬аά۷弶ѹƺƵɢ
һɹ쫷ｻ֯ٴηҰްĺХɱųħԼʱܹʹȻܡһ˲䣬ĹˮԴ̼ӿ룬תûɵȺ
˱ʣʹط˽Զݣ̫ϹάǿҲɫʱԵͣ˹죬ĿȫǻħĿϡ
棡
̫Ϲݣͫ׶ɵΪ֮һ
ǧɽԼŸҲݣ籱̫Ϲ㣬ϳꡣ
棬ǿĴڣά֮ϵԭʼֻ벽֮ңǵۼǸʱǻֻСʿѡ
ƾǰʧȫʧ٣ַѾʹ˾ˣȴ룬ʱ˵档
ͬʱطһʿҲɫȻû̫ͬϹ˰ۼ棬ȴڹżϿڶԷļأ֪ԷòʱȻҲǵһʱ˳ɵñɫ͵Ķ¡
棬ǰάһˣ
Ҳݣ棬ʱɢƣʵ̫ˣ̫Ϲȫ޷ȡ
ӿˮԴӿ룬УһʿԳʥĻˮԴ
𣡡
ٴ˻Ұް㣬һħâƵһɫħУֱӽƬʿУ͵ȫ飬ͬѪһ뵽ڣֱɡ
𣡡
ҰޣѪˮХ
¡¡ģطڣˮԴ˿ȥ
ħâн֯ʿ룬ɵѪꡣ
һʿ¶֣ȫɿĳԶȥ
ʱЩֲѪħͷֱûκ
ħƣ˫Ѫ죬䶢ס˱̫ϹǧɽԼŸ棬ƺǸоϵİ˹ȥ
𣡡
ҰްĺХ𶯰˷
̫Ϲ˵ݣԳʥӭϱ档
ϵöԷʱȴûпڣΪʧȥʶ﹵ܻͨЧֻá
Զֻһ֣һûĿⲻɵΪ֮΢¡
ݵֻۣھȻĻǣоͰ֮ǰԷɵЩʿЩ˻һͷͷԹ顣
ŵʿˣ
΢
ԷڣĻǣȴ֮ǰɵЩʿ⣬ģпܾŵͽӵܡ
¡
ʥ𶯣򱱺̫ϹǧɽŸ棬ħӿά۷弶ϢƵһɹħ籩ƵһʱЩǱ
ԶԶĿһĻ˶٣ˡ
ĳ֣ʱǣס˱̫ϹˣǵóѵõĻ뿪άǿߡ
̫ϹǧɽŸǶںˣץ죬ȻħƵ棬ȴԹ˶ЩϾʱڳץ죬ֻĿԶߡ

־ŭ
𣡡
ħХ죬ħƣ鲼ħâޱħͬʱϯˣٲȻˡ
Զȥۣٶһۼ̤ȥԶ
ṳ́󣬲ֻزԶȥתۼԶԶ뿪
ֹȥʱձû谵ǹâ֯һޱȻɽʥڳһɽΧʮķƣڶϥ¡
ǧɽҡŸ󡢶ľ᪡
Ц΢΢º֮ǰײȡһЩĵر鵤ʥҩȡתֻľֱطʼ
ʱ侫ΪһƵ


2435 Դӡ
ײõĵرʥҩʵЩֵ࣬ҲܾˣڻɽڣתֻľеһЩĵرʥҩɿΪҲŷɿάڳά۷徳ȥ
ңͬһʱ䣬תֻľؼܵҲһӿ
ʱľΪٶȣÿһЩ
ˣ
ɫʥĿռ䶼Ⱦ˲ɫ
ʱ䣬һš
תۼ䣬¹ȥ
º˵һطը죬һ޴иֶ
ɫн֯ž죬ͬһͷͷ⡣
˫ۣŲϣδĵرȣ̤ɽ⡣
µʱ䣬ʱάﵽ̫̫١

ӭŲϵƽͬʱֻؽڻһɽ١
طǳ⣬û飬ɽ٣Ӱ졣
¡һµ˲䣬һ׷䡣
׷䣬ը죬ֱȥʱ䣬ⳡ̫׷ɢȥջָһ߲ɫ߲Ÿֶ
ٺ֮Ѫ⣬ȹΪͬʱҲֻؽܡ
ܿ죬߲ɢȥȵ̫ͣڣܹоԼǰǿ󣬱ǰǿ̫࣬Լ֮Ϳնƻľǿߡ
طɽΪٶưܲɨһֱۣ뿪
֮Ѱһɽûκ飬ײõĵرԼһЩıʹüΪƻľζȥ
ˣ
ʥ⣬ľΪһ
ңͬһʱ䣬ֳһ־ʼάİְά

ά죬硭
Ǹɱľ޵ˣҲ̫ˣάǿߵУȻӵˡ
ȷʵǺֲܿ
ˣڲ֪ȥˣǶ׷Ѱټ
άн磬Ƭײ´нطʿۡ
ŵһЩ£һ˿ȥøݡ
벻һҹĪʧţȻôһƬײôȥģУȻħˣʧȥңŵȫʧ졣
дԣŵõһڷǳĹ֯оħԣڿȥħһҹʧӰ٣ĪǺǹйأ
пܣ
ڣǸħɸ飬ѾмʿѣǧСģҪˣɾͳˡ
ܹԸħˣҲֻжľˡ֮ǰ˵̫ϹŸǧɽͷͱˡ
ֻеȶľ᪳ˣսħ˽ᣬѾħͷ˰
ʿۣżɵ΢ħ棬ʵЩ¡

άн磬ɽڡ
ˣ
⣬˿˿ƵľɫʥԻƣ֮ǰøЩ
һЩǷĵرڷԱߣ֮ΪȲĳ
ˣһۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬Ϊ̫ﵽƻľòƻľٸı
˫ۣ֮ϣվһƵâһû
ˣ
񷱬죬
ֻؽȴ׷ѹ䣬Ե÷ǳƽ
һըһ׷ƺƵѹ䡣
׷ϣѹ£ֱȥպⳡƻľ׷ɢȥ
һ߲Ƹ֣ͷ³Ƭ߲ɫϼ⡣
ϼȹΪǣֱӺ߲ɫƲɢ
ʱΪƻĳڣǿʢ

ɨ֮ѾưܲƬɽֻؽֱԶȥ
̤ƻĲΣԽϵĵڰطӡˡ
ڴ֮ǰȥһʥصŨĵط
ΪÿһνϵķӡʱڽĶʱڣ÷Բʮڵܵľ;磬ˣѡһʥصȽŨһЩĵطȻǷǳá
ĵطʵϣѾע⣬ѡȥǧɽҡ
ǰЩӣǧɽҵǰȻưոݣڽϵĵڰطӡʱȥǧɽңǼãܻԷһЩɫϵĵڰطӡĺôҲǷǳ
Ͼǧɽҿǰάİ˸ͳ֮һڵĸԼΪˣҲĵرɵʥҩȣǧɽڽڰطӡһĸĵرȶΪá
ս棬ʲôΪ̤ƻľڵάأնɱάǿߣǧɽҶѾûκв
ܿ죬߳˻ɽķΧһѰһЩͨʿ
ʣǧɽҵ֮
ǰѯʡ
ȺʿǿҲ̫ڣͻȻǰȺʿŵһ¡
ûж⣬ǧɽģ
ٴοڡ
Ⱥʿļ£˿ڣٵĽǧɽҵ֮
л
򵥵лһ۱ʧ
󣬴¹ȥңһɽȺ⡣
ɽȺʥŨȥĴһɵʣձһЩǷϰš
Ȼǧɽҡ
ûԥֱɽȺڶȥܿǧɽ⡣
ǧɽ⣬ǰвݺһűɫ
㣡һ˳죡ȥ֪ͨɱľ޵Ǹˣˣ
˻£±˳ǧɽ֮ڣȥڵĸ߲
û⣬䣬ǧɽڶȥ
ǧɽ⣬һһеĳë죬סˡ
ϾЩ˵ΪֻǲŴ̫ڣܹ졣
첽ɣܿ죬̤ǧɽ֮ڡ
ʼһ̤һǸоһڵʥǳˣΪŨ
ôĵӣ
һļһЩ̫ϳϵõʱ̿
˵ĿⶼϣĿϬ
ǧɽҿάصļͳ֮һȴǾǿڣʵЩк⡣
ľҪ죬ѹ죬Իȡľ᪵һ飬һƶıأ̤ǧɽңʹȴҲǲɵ¶һƵľâ
£
ǧɽҵļһ֣ĵ
£ʮƻľִһ֣Լǿͨѹ졣
鵭Į⣬һӡ֯ʥֲϢ
͵ģʮƻľִ£ͨ˲飬󣬹ӡƲĵʮϣ۵Ľʮȫ
ʱ䣬ǧɽڣһ˽Զݡ
Դӡ򣿣
ǧɽɫ䣬ɵõ


2436 նɱά
㡭
ǧɽڣǧɽڣһ˽ϳЩӡ
Ƿǰάİְά֮һ˵еԴӡ
ȷܻرԴʥӡϢʥȴӵſɴݻһеܡ
㡭ô
һһʿ𾪡
죬ȻƿԴӡ
ûЩ˵ķӦĿǧɽһ
֮ǰһʱŬеͬʱҲڲάİάѾǽְάеԴӡ򡢻취ƿصС
ǧɽһֱ̧֣һ
ﬣ
âֱնһ顣
ವһһ̤󵱼ݣĿ⾶ֱ䵽ϡ
㣡
ǧɽҵ棬ǰЩʱشһֱڱչˣ촳ʱҲδͨʱһȴӱչ̤¶ݡ죬Ȼʱǧɽң

쿴ˣƽ
ǧɽһ䣬ĵǧɽһ壬޴Ȼǧɽһ⣬ⲻֻǣȻ⣬ʱȴǲδ̫ȥ£ֱ̧֣άѹƵֱץȥϴˣһΣ㻹롣
֮ӡתۼѹ䵽ǰϵĿռȫ
ƽ۳ά⽣Դӡһ
וּһһˣת۹ᴩգԷĹ֮ӡ顣
󣬽âƲЯԴӡֱ֮Էǰ
㡭
ۣ
ѪˮŽǧɽ浱ᴩ
棡
ǧɽһڣǧɽһ̫ϳԼǿߣɫ
ǵ澡ΪȴҲǰάǿߣȴȻһš
ǧɽסΣ죬־ŭֻһ˲䣬Ӧ˺ܶ£ΪȻάڴﵽƻľң쾹ȻԴӡ
оΣ
쿴ǧɽ棬ƽĿڡ
ǧɽɫʱһȻƽȴŨŨķ̡
ͽ
ͺһάѹƵսֱӴ۷壬һ̤ٴѹ졣
ʮռ䣬ֱӸѹ
ƽе֮ϰάԴӡһն
۵һǧɽһαᴩ˺ɳȥ֮Զ
;ʮıɵֱײ顣
ǧɽһڣһǿһαɫ
ղţһѾȫ˰ȴ׾ͱնˡ
⡭ô᣿
һһǿߣţܹоֻǲƻľôλǵİά棿м䣬ǻһǧپ
¡
Զգǧɽϵƣɿϡ
¿죬г𺳺;ŭ
죬ǻһǧپôνˣ
漴һ̣Ŀе֮ϡ
ʲôεıȡģ
һ̣˳ܹ֮ƻľΪλȫΪе֮ԭ
ֻǣ֪ıʣΪһڱ
쿴ŶԷĮһЦȻȥش⡣
վԭأ΢䣬ϵĵڰطӡ͵һɢ
ڰطӡ⣡
䣡
̣һɾ˵Ĺδڳһĳҹ
ΪģԲʮڣܵһʱ䳯ӿ
ͬʱǧɽ֮ڣص׵ĸʼ⻪ڵһĵرʥҩҲһ⻯ȫΪܵһӿŴطӿܵһ𣬷ӿڣڸȥ
ʱľͬɽ˰Ϊת۱̤뵽ƻڡ
ңͷϿգһص֮֯࣬ÿһ쳣ʵһ㣬ƺҪάضֱѹ
һĻʹǧɽһɫ䡣
ͬһʱ䣬һһǿߣҲ
ͷһֹסķ
һˣȻô
㡭
άǧɽ棬һ̼ˣͻأףƺߵˡ
ܹô쳣ˣͨԴˣ
䣡
ܵӿȣӿڡ
ؼȻƮŵܵҲǧɽڵĸ޾ĵرȹ⻪ܵӿڣʹľӿٵ
棬屦еЩĵر񵤱ҩڡ
ǧɽ㤡
άǧɽȻӦ£һҧٽӡػɱ
ֻǣɱŸոճ𣬱ǱϢǿиɢ١
ˡ
ƽά̧֮һնǧɽ档
񣬻ϵĵڰطӡ⿪һ˲оԼ·ǱһˣǱܹصĸ֪øޱ
ﬣ
Х̶һĽâգۼǧɽǰ
۵һһΣǧɽ
Ѫˮὦա
ǧɽ澪㤣޸ͺһڵĵ̱
һڱǧɽάʼһֱǺƺƵѹ졣
֮ռ価١
Դˣıƽά֮֯Դӡ򳯱ӭϡ
ײʱֱ𿪡
̧֣һѽ֮ץסά֮Դӡ֮ؽǰ
֮͵һάֱ֮ӽڵǧɽһӡĨڰάıά֮ڡ
㡭
ǧɽ־ֿŭ˱ʥâɱ⣬ֱɱȥ
ǧɽһ屦Ȼȥܳܵˣ
ӭɱıû˿仯е̧֮
ټ
ƽĵô֣ά֮ΪĿĹâһն¡
וּһһĿⱬҪһѹ¡
ۣ
ѪŽǧɽʥ𣬶˵һ֣ҽжδüֱӱ
һ˲䣬ǧɽһڣһǧɽҵǿߣ̲ס󺧡
ôᡭôϣ桭
˲ձòҰһƬ
һһǿˣάΪ񣬾Ȼڸɱˡ
㣬㡭
һһ̫ϳϿ죬һ۾ˣ߬˫֡
ɨЩһۣһ棬ҲǸǻᡭɨһһǿߣڣʵʵ𶯣򣬺ǵһµ
ǧɽһһǿ߸һԭһЩ߬˫֣ľ󣬵ɿ˫֣һж¶־¶Ҷ
һİά涼׵ɱˣǺҲɱǡ


2437 ά
ɨսսǧɽһˣû⣬ʮܵ
ˣ
ɫʥϣһܼʡ
ʱ䣬ɿš
תۣչȥ
ˣ
պһ죬񷱬һ޴Ž֯
ɫž죬ԵϢǵض¡
ϵĵڰطӡ֮һ죬ﵽǧپ
ǧټ췣ʹ˸ӿȡ
ǧɽ֮ڣһʿ֣
ʱӭ׷һ̫ϳһǼ⣬¶Ȼʵʱǧپ췣ܣ̫ǿˡ
ɨЩˣһ˲ʱ˻ƻĲΣʹⳡɢȥ
ҲǧɽЩˣֱɽ٣ǧɽڣ֮󲻻мܻϾһİάѾɱһǰǿҲֻǲǧپΣοסǧپ׷
漴̤ǧɽĴһž͹űȫ
Ƕıꡣ
ڵ˾䣬ֱ뿪
ǧɽҼһһ̫ϳϣɫѿ㣬ȴŭԣʱ죬ʵսֲ̫ˣԽ䳣
ֱ߳ԶʧڼƬɽȺڣһУǧɽһ̫ϳϲɵŭһѪȥ
һ죬һˣѹǧɽһ塣
һۻԴȫûˣĸҲʧˡ
ۣ̫ˣ

뿪ǧɽңúһƬɽ䡣
ˣ
죬̤ǧپطǧټ׷
׷һһֵѹ¡
ֱһص׷ⳡٲɢȥ߲ɫŸ֡
ǧֻǧ׷ء
ЦЦԴ˵ǲ̫⡣
߲ƴ߲ϼȹΪǣֱӺ߲ʧǧپΪűȹ˵սǿ˼༫ࡣ
ΪҪǱܷ棬񣬻ϵĵڰطӡ⿪ôر˼㣬Уתۼǿɱ⵽ʡ
н֯â˶٣⾭׷ýڵϿʼ򷨡
άİְάƿԴӡ򡢻취򣬴˿̣ڽ⿪ϵĵڰطӡصĸ֪Լﵽһߵ㣬ʱطʼʣµְά
ܿ죬չȥ
ˣ
պһ죬⣬ֹԽַ֯򲨶һƵĻơ
Խ˵ڰطӡĻյʱ䣬ְάҲһƿأˣְά򣬾ƿصУңѾе˴ɡ
˵쵽㣬˵֪ô̵ʱͽаάȫƿ˴ɣֱӾͻᱻŵɵΪʵ̫ˡ
ֻء
˶٣վطûƶʼֻء
ֻһкݣҪԽ˵ڰطӡĻȥֻأһվһ£ֻĸӾһЩ
ֽеİάȫ뵽ڵάڣʹڵάڶʱһξ޴ɱ䣬ñ֮ǰǿǧ
ʮʱ䣬ӡάȷ򡣡

һάؽеάȷȫʱƣԻǿˡ
һһ˲뿪
ǧɽڣǧɽһйžżоŸͱԼ׽ŵڣʱ׼һһȥݷãɫ
ܿ죬߳˺Զűȥ
Ǹľ᪣ǿֲȻѾƿ˵ְά򣬼ֱǡ
ŽδУŽһ˭ܱȵˣ
֮ǰǸɱľ޵Ǹˣ֪ܵȥˣľ᪾˵ѾѰ
϶˰ⲻһ¶ͷһʱͻᱻľն
Ҳǡ
ǰһϣһȺʿӭһһۡ
漴һ̣Ⱥ˶ǿ죬ɫ䣬Ͳ
쵹ûЩ˵ķӦԹԴһԱ߾
ȺʿǿĴ̫㤣ֱԱ߾߳Զ󣬲һ˿¡
Ȼˣûж
ļ¡
Աߣ¶˿˿̰ľ᪳أŻ£ֻҪṩ˵٣֮ѰѹҲһЩ׵ı꣬Ҫǡ
˰ɣ̰Щˣе˻֮ǰ׽ŵǧپˣ֮ûܳܵŭ𣿡
бȽǵ˵
ڵſڣе̰Žɢȥ˵Ǿ˰ɡ
߰ɡ
һ뿪֮ǰķȥ

뿪֮ǰĵطнķûʲô仯űȥ
ͬʱ΢ʮʶӻ
ľ᪣ɱңȥ
ʮʶӻУռǴάء
һʱ䣬άн磬ʿ붯ݡ
ǣˣ
˰ɣȻ㱩¶٣ƶľ᪣ƾʲôô
ڱҪȥȥʲô
˵İɣ󵼶ľ᪵ġϾӦûôɵֱӱ¶ٰɡ
⡭
ʶӻάн磬ʿԾ⡣
ҲǶݣƶľ᪣Ǳ档
СҪұ

߲㣬һڴӼ䣬һ˵ıչеڡ
ͬʱһڣһĮӺһʮ߰Ůһ
ɶĶ磬
Ů
Įû˵ʲô԰ʥŮתۼʧԭء
ӺȻǶľ᪣ܾ켫пڷſջȴǶˣűȥ

ʱ䣬һιȥա
պһ죬һƬʥɽȺ⡣
ȥʥɽȺڣһɹʣԽ֯ž˵Ϻ͵̡
Ȼǰάİ˸ͳ֮һ
طֱĳıȥ
桭Ȼˣ
⡭ǣʲô˼
֮ǰţ֣
ԭ򣬻бģ
УǾǡˣɵˣ

ڵƬʥɽȺΧѾǾ˲ʿڿʶӻ󣬴ӱ￴֡
ԭЩʿʵ֮ǰʶӻ̫ŵģĸұ¶Լʵ٣ᵽǣʵǶº⣬¾ڷſջȴǶط
ȴ룬ʱǵҰУ쾹ˣ˱


2438 άԻ
ûʥɽһʿı飬ֱʥɽĵıȥ
̫Ϲ֣ˣ˻ɫ
ߣ
ʥ
ڣʮӰ̤Ϊ׵ĺȻǱ̫Ϲűĵһļ̫ϳԼһһʿ
Ŀ⣬ֱڱ̫ϹϣƽĳԷȥ
Ķ
̫ϹĮͬʱҲһƵľâ
ľʱδϵȵˣѹ콻ڶľ᪣ɿɻȡľ᪵һ顣
£άʥ֯ƺƵĳץȥ
ǧɽ£ǧɽҵĸ߲֪⴫һ֣ԣάн粢֪̫ϹȻѾǧɽҵɱʱ˿Ҳ⣬ǿϡ
ıûκα仯̧֣һѱͿס̫Ϲ
̫Ϲһ㡭

΢һֱԷ󣬶һڶԷ
һ̫Ϲɡ
棡
һʿ붯ݡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƬʥɽȺڵһʿҲǶɫ
ô᣿
Щʿţ̫ϹǰάǿߣȴȻһͱˡ
̫ϹסΣ۶ϵֹתۼָ¶֮ɫ
ǧپǰЩʱʱֻάڼΪż¶ѣ쾹Ȼά̤뵽ǧپΣƬ׵õĵرǲ٣
ʱ򣬶̤뵽ǧپ⣬Ͼ֮ǰǷײĵرȣǱȥЩĵر񵤱ҩҪ¼ﵽǧپȫпܵġ
죬һ˵ʥһʱ۷壺Σ㡭
ﬣ
̧֣նٶȿľˣͬʱҲǷǳˡ
۵һ̫Ϲֱӱᴩ
Ѫˮὦա
⡭
ôܣ
Ƭʥɽڣһʿɫ䡣
άı̫ϹſѾȫ˰ȴɱһնˣ产ˣ
ֻǲǧپѣô׵Ļ˰άı̫Ϲ
һʿ벻ͨ
¸𺳣ĿȻ
¡һ̫ϹסΣ޸壬죬־ŭ
ðάǿߣȻǧپʿһˣڶʱڽΣ

һŭȣִͨһһѹϡ
άѹһʱ佫طȫǡ
Դˣıûκα仯ӡ֯ƺƵӭϡ
ƥķӡ̫֯ϹʥȫһȭڶԷϡ
һȭû飬ȫ
ֻȭ
ۣ
ѪŽ̫Ϲ飬ѪȾķ
겻࣬δһ飬־ŭɿࡣ
쿴ŶԷ꣬ûʲôĻֻնϢļ
Դת꣬תۼжԷ塣

ҽд˺ѷΣ̫Ϲ굱顣
棡
һļ̫ϳϣһʿ
ͬʱطһʿǽɫͱ䡣
Ĵ˸
ôܣ
̫Ϲάǿߣ񣬾Ȼתۼͱɱˡ
ֻǲǧپΪôս
ɨЩˣû⣬űȥ
̫ϹɱˣֱӾ˱ȴҪȡһԴ֮׳ͥ
㣬㡭
һһǿ߾ڱͥⲻԶ㤣̲סŵŵɺˣн¶˿־塣
ԼһİάڣȻôɱˣҪɱǣ
֪Щ˴˿ʲôȴûж˵ʲôûκα仯
һ̣ͣ˽ŲԶȥ
һ˲䣬ӰһӣһŮת˲
ľ᪣ľڣ
һʿǶݣϳˡ
һʱ䣬˶ǲɵö¡
ľ᪣İάһˣƿְάˣ˿̵
һһǿһ߬˫֣вɵ¶ޣ죬û֮ǰĿ־壬ڿһʬ㡭ľ᪵ˣڰάͷƿְάգֻ·һ
磬ɱ
ľԱߣľڿڣָ޺޵ĵ
ǰΪ죬ǰ¶⣬ɱڣľԱߣȫû˹˼ɣΪԼĴжǿԲǶ֡
ľ䣬ԼǻƣĿϡ
죬ûһĻֱӶ֣ǧʥӿźڵɱ⣬ֱѹ졣
ʥᡣ
ֻô֡
ǧʥӿݺἤ˲Ƭգһʿļ¡
áÿ£
ļ¡
ľһǾͱȱȫֵɱǿǧ
ʥâգۼ䵽ǰ
ƽּ佻֯ʥԣֱһ¡
͵һľ᪼ʥâɱ⣬̼
һĻʹطһʿԶݡ
ľ᪷żĹƣǾԺֲܿһİάǿҲⲻˣȻһƾͽȹˡ
ȻǶľ᪱Ҳ΢øЩֻǲǧپڶѣȴȻܽżĹ飬ʵЩݡ
Щʱ
ĳ⣬һƬƬĹӡƶʥȴֲֿ
Դӡ򣡡
طһʿ¶â
ľڿ죬˰ɣҸƿصİάƬصİǿ֮һң绹ƿػ취ʹܷˣ
ıûκһ˿仯Ŀֻڶľϣ漴⣬һĹӡһԻ
ǣ
ԴԴӡ򣿣Ҳƿְά򣿣
طһʿԴӡ򣬸ǲɵֶݡ
һļ̫ϳϺһǿߣҲ;
ȻǶľ᪣Ҳһ΢
һ̣ɫָ⣬һӡֱѹ졣
ƿԴӡԣûʲôˣΪƿְάңΪԶߡ
һӡѹ죬ԼҲ֣֮ӡץȥ
Ŀⲻ䣬ԴӡӭϣͬʱֻؾŽԴӡնľ᪵Ĺ֮ӡ
ǲǾãƿְά򣬺˲𣿡
Ŷľ᪣ƽԴӡ֮󣬻취򡢴ܷ򡢿޷򡢰˼ħͨʥԴӡһ𣬰ְάڴ˿̾Ի
ϣűŤ졣
ʱطȫɫ䣬͵ľ


2439 ˭ǵһ
ôܣ
ʥɽȺڣȫһ͡
ְά⣬ʱȻͬʱ֯Űְά
ôᡭ
һļ̫ϳԼһǿߣĿȻ
ľ᪶άΪά쵱һˣƿְά򣬹Žδ˿ɱȣȻǰ죬Ȼͬʱƿ˰άаά
һˣƿаάʲô
𣿣
ܣܵģ
ľɫˡ
ĸ磬ά쵱ĵһˣҲֻǲƿְά򣬿죬ȴƿеİά
ȻǶľ᪣һҲɫ䣬˫УͫʲסΪ֮
漴һ̣һ취ʹܷһԻпµĴ֯Իά۷弶ѹֱƵֱѹ졣
õĴУһ·ѹУ߾ȫҲֻǲƿְάƿصĶǿȻȴƿеİάһ˲ʹƿְάԵʲôҲ㲻ˣܹܣ
¡
ְάأйϵĴһԻϢ
ʮռŤ飬ƵʥɽȺһʿˣ±
ĹƣһȻǰάڵǿߣҲ˲
ŻѹңպգΪǰάڣ㼱ˣӭŶľ᪵ĹԵúƽΪΪǰάֻƿְά򣬵ڣǰȴƿаάãԼĹ⻷ˣ
˵Ȼ⣬ְάӭϣƺƵѹеĿռ䡣
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
һת۶ѣľ᪼İάͨȫ¡
ľӱñİάѹʱøӵӿ񱩡
ΪԶ졣
ԾԵΪն죡
¡
ֳ̧֣죬һ֮ԻƿѹһС
ңάһ𶯣һѹ¡
һεĹƣ֮ǰǿǧ
ӭȹƣıûκα仯
ãΪҸߺܶ࣬άȲңΪѹҡƽϧɵʧ
Ż䣬ڣά𶯣۳֮ϰɵİάһն¡
ﬣ
Х̶ء
ά֮ǿϰְά򣬵һʱն˶ľ᪼й󣬽âƲŶľѹ£תۼնǰ
ۣ
ѪˮŽľ᪵űᴩɳȥǧԶ
磡
ľڱɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ƬʥɽȺڣһǿߣҲ
⣬⡭
죬һƿеİάڰάƿϣԶԶѹľ᪡󣬴˿̣ľ᪱άͷΪȴɱǧپѹˡ
ԶľסΣɫʱȫˡ
Ŀ⣬ֱֱе֮֮ϣٲȻǿ˳һն֮ΪֱӵĹϵ
ƥǻƣһ˲ֱӺˣľڽǰ
´ټն㣡
䣬ʥԽ֯Ŷľֱ뿪ȥ
ƾǿʵʱֱо˳Ǳ⽣켫ǿԲǶ֣Ψеȴﵽά֮ԭʼѹ졣
ӡˣ
ʥɽȺڣһʿɫ䡣
ά쵱һĶľ᪣ʱǧپǰȻˣ
磬硭
ľڱľʥ԰ԼĸȻʱߣĿĲţͬʱЩߺ޵Ķ졣
Ŀ⵭ĮŶľ룬ûκα仯еĽٴն¡
וּһؽˣŰְάһ˲ѹľ᪽ǰľĺɣͬľҲ⣬ˣԶڿѪ
ľڱľ᪻ţܵ˲أʱˤ뿪ľԶ
֮ûľڣĿڶľϣʱշһ̤ľ᪽ǰ
ﬣ
Х̶ûκζĶֱ̧֣һŶľն¡
һľ᪶ݣֱӼȫһӭϡ
Ȼȴû˿ãʥתۼǱ顣
ۣ
֮ѹ£ϣֱնķ飬Ψ걣
ವһϯйǣתۼؾ۳ǡ
쿴ŶԷû˿仯е֮һ
һ̣ԶݣƫͷŶľڵλÿȥ΢
ͬʱľҲݣСڣ뿪
ľڵλãһߴӰ֣ħƣħ졣
𣡡
һħХأħâӿֱӽľھ롣
۵һޱħâУľҽжδըѪ꣬һ𱻸ߴӰ븹Уתۼʧ
ǡ
棡
һʿɫ䣬󵱼ٵӶݡ
άһţάһ棬ʧ޾º֮ǰƬײΪħѾ¾˲ٵ飬ȴ룬Էʱǻ֮Դ
΢Ҳǲ뵽棬Ȼʱ
ңԵĸоԷϵϢֲˣѾǴﵽԭʼˡ
𣡡
ħХ죬˶ľ֮ĿϣһХֱĳȥޱħâһﵽǰͬκ˱졣
˵ħƵƬʥɽȺħâûһƬƬɫ̸ֲɿݡ
оҵǿ̵
н֯âӭŶԷֻزƮȻܣܿԷħ⡣
һߣľɫѿԼãô
߬˫֣죬죬һ˲ˣһԶ
ı䣬ñȫʱ򣬳ʱ뿪ǵǰõѡ
ಣ
ƿתۼѣȥԶ
ܿޱħâǿ˶ľڳ룬ɫɲ䡣
Ӳˡ
ĮĵʱշһʱŤתۼڶľ᪽ǰ

ûκζĻһΣȫʩΪְάά֮ҽֻضάҲһתһĽѹ¡
ľ᪵㤣㡭
ۣ
ѪˮŽһ֮£ľ᪵顣
壬Ҳһһ֮³׵
һʱ䣬ʥɽȺѾԶһʿɫ䡣
ˡ
˲
ľ᪣άһˣά쾡ͷΪ񣬾ôɱˡ

һڵʿԶԶĿ죬ľ
ά죬˭ĵһ
Ƕľ
ԣǣ
άһ죡
һһǿߣԲ
һ棬ǵһεȿµˣ
𣡡
ħХ죬ʱһ
ħƣѪһƬѪֱĶ죬һħӰĳɱȥһͷҰڳſɿڵ˻


2440 ħ
ħâӿΪˡ
ת۶ѣƵǰޱߵħâƺƵĳѹ䡣
ʮռ䣬ʱƬ
ܣֻزʮԶ
𣡡
ȫħҰޣת䷽һ졣
ԭʼѹƺƵ˵㡣
ԭԭʼ棬Ȼ
Ǹˣܡܵй𣿡
ôܵеùϾֻǲǧپôҲսùԭʼǡ߬˫֣ǣһҪʤһҪӮ
ֻǾǧپԣҪʤԭʼ棬ǲܵ£ﶼôģйļȫΪ㡣
ȻȻˣʱЩȴĵϣܹй棬ϣܹɱ
ΪȻ֮ǰڰά飬ʱֻǾڰάάнȻ֮ɵȴжľڣľᪿԽԷ֮ǰǺܿ־塣񣬶ľ᪱ɱ̤ԭʼ£첻֮ܽɱά콫ħ֮С
˭ԸԼ˭Ըÿ춼ܻᱻħɵĿ־壿
ֻڴܽԷˡ
¡
ޱħӿħϣޱߵħâƺƵٵ졣
ԭʼħӿȣϢ˵㡣
ٴܣо˾޴ѹȻϵıȴû˿仯
У֮𶯣͵һնԷ
וּһ콣ƷӿЯάصֱ֮һᴩԷ
ѪˮƬĽ
ʱ䣬طһʿΪ֮󾪡
죬Ȼһͻԭʼ棡
𣡡
˲ָħâۣ֯ޱħ˳ѹ䡣
̧֣е֮ϰְάһն¡
һᴩ
ϵķӡأǱޱߣﵽǧپΣټڵάأҪԸһʧȥʶԭʼʿѡ
ﬣ
Ӷе֮㣬ٴնһ
һ֮ǰĽҪǿܶ౶ߵ
ģɿؾۣ˫ͫһƬ죬
ɱɱɱɱҡɱҡ
϶дѪУһ˿˿Ĺ
һĻʹطһʿԶݡ
ħ棬Ȼڳˣһָ̻ʶ
Ҳ΢Ŀһ˲˲ϣʲô
ڶԷ״̬Щ档
ħꡭħ̻ꡭҪ϶ҽУɱɱңɱˡ
άһе棬˿üĴһĴָǴСĺɫӺü¶˳޾ħâ֯ħ
ԼԿ޾Ļ˻𣬷·ǵ޾Թ顣
һ֮ǰֻۣڿĻǣЩǣ񶼽뵽ź֮ڡңԶ˸ĻǣٱǰЩʱֻĶԷڵĻǵʮ򱶡
Ҳ˵ݵļʱڣ棬Ѿ޾顣
ŵõڹ
ŶԷüĴ¶ǿźɫӡ
֮ǰżȻһЩʿѰһڽ֯ħԵľŽħԻ֮ã֮󲻾ãűʧˡԷüĴźɫӣпܾǵŵõڹ
𣡡
ħ졣
ħƣӳһƬΪشʱԻָһ˿ʶʱ򳹵׵ʧˣΪһħ졣
ңҲ˱øǿ
֮һʮռ̱飬ƬʥɽȺ̮̳졣
о˸ǿѹо˶ԷøǿȻɫȴɲ䡣
У֮ø貣֮ӿ롣
գ۶ѣУ֮ڣƵ˵Ϣ
֮ƺƵ
ﬣ
̧֣һն£콣Х
͵һħâ̱ȫ漴ƲֱĹڡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽ飬ɫڵϣ忪ʼһɢ
лллСġħ顣١
϶дƵ¶ѵɫ漴һ̣嵱ȫɢ׵ʧؼ䡣
һʱ䣬طһʿ΢ɵö¡
Ǹħﵽԭʼ棬Ȼô򵥵ľͱɱˡ
ͬʱһʿҲϲвάĿԴˣ
һһǿߣĲ
ľԼǵ̫Ϲǵֲ̫ˣ
ûܵˣĿڵϵĺϡ
ɫӣħâƣԿ޾Ļ˻
ͷħ飬ŷĻһ˲еֱ̧֮貹âƵֱĳħն¡
˵ҲóħԲʲôöаΣգԭʹҪٵ
ಣ
ͻȻɫħ𶯣ʶ㣬֮ܿһڵĹٶȿ쵽㣬Ӳĳ뵽ڡ
ʱ䣬ޱߵħڸɢҪƿء
ʹʱɫǧپΪӿ۷壬ħơ
ʮʮأΪħ棡ֿµħ
һļ䡣
ٴζݣһ˲ڵǿħ֮ϡ
ħڣʶ
ħ棿
¡
ħâطԴԼʶ
ҧΪȫ߶ȫħ飬֮ơ
Ϊλǰ㣬Ǳħƿأ˿ܡ
ħ飬Ҫƿ
ȫʩΪʥ磬ְάתħ鳯ơ
Ȼȴûãħħâǿְάȫѹˡ
ħħâɿԴʶ
ҹ
̱ŭɱƵֻޱߵֻعƵڱ
ʱ䣬ڣħ΢Ӳıȶ
ͬһʱ䣬ˣڵĴŴ
ղţֻһ˿ͱħƿˡ
ǣǣ
ֻ֡ع⣿
ԭһʿʱѾ˳ȥԶΪħͻأڶ˿̣Ǹ󺧡
ֻأ
¶ֻع⣬ֻۣ
죬ƿֻأ
⣬⡭
һʿȻ
˵еֻذޱȼɵų˿ƿص޵죬Ȼƿˣ
һļ̫ϳϺһһǿߣ㤣ֹסķǵ̫ϹȻһƿֻصˣ
¡
ħâƵħ鱻ڿУɶԶ
ֻأ
ͳ𾪵ڴһΣ˶õ
ħ⣬ħâӿ۳һħӰ䵽㣬ֱ졣
һʱ䣬һޱȿֲѹ̺Ƶｮѹ䡣


2441 Ů
һʱɫͱ䣬ħӰɢѹ̫ˡ
ĸоʮռ䱻ֱˡ
ңԶһڵʿΪʵ̫ͣһԶ
£ҧֱӺˣһ⳯Զˡ
̤ά֮һֱѹѹУȻħӰȴڵһʱһвԷ̫ˣ
һ˲䣬иĸ֡
۽ֻۣ֯۵˲ֱӼ˲ơ
Ȼһ̣ݡ
ô˲ƣڷԲʮڵһռƶ벻ˡ
¡
ħӰһħѹڣƺƵѹ¡
ֻأ
죬ͳħâûɱ⣬ٲȻҪѹרС
ʵǣֻ̫ˡ
ƿֻصˣǵһμ
춯ݣֻһȫԴͻһǣӭħâ
͵һֻع⵱𣬱ֱĺʮɡ
ʺѪˮӿӿɫһ˲԰·Ҫɢ˰㡣
ħӰ䣬Яħƶ̧ץ졣
ɫҪƶȻȴʱ򶯲ˣԷϢʱֱӽˡ
Ҷ
еͺȫ߶֮߶ά֮ȴûá
ħӰ̫ǿˣ
ޱߵħâѹ䣬ħӰ¶âڵħӡת䵽ǰ
ħħ꣬뾹ֻأܺãСΪһ֣
죬еľâøŨֻҪеħطں죬ֻأɳΪ֮У
ޱȽзͺҪȻȴζǶˡ
һֻ̣ŶԷĴץ
һɾȻ
ħӰֱֱĶ죬䵽ǰħâӡֱĳץ¡
ֻأա
ĳȻһͻأݣץħӡ飬Яħ˳ȥԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ǰм両֣͵ȴǿʢ֮ӿһӲ£δ֪תۼ仯һŮӡ
ŮһϮ£ѩһ㣬£ҲκδݣΪĳ֣ⷽԼøЩƵϣԾ
ħӰ䣬⿴ŮϣʱͲ
㣡
ŮӣħӰ̼¶ļɵһ˿⡣
طԶһڵʿҲŶݣסʧһ㡣
á
˵ĿȫŮϣԱŮӵĴˣǴδʹһһȴԼħӰԶĴ
һߣΪŮӳڽǰһʱоѹԼϵĿֲħʧˣ±ÿԶֳ̧ǰİŮӿȥ󵱼͵һ
Ů̫ˣǰһֱģؼûκŮܹȵù¡ˣǰŮӣȻ»Ҫ֣
Ҫǣһ̣ŮӣǵһμȴһޱϤĸоڶԷϸоޱеϢʹſ
ڿŮʱŮӵĿҲϣ۰
˿˿Ƶʥϣɿ塣
ͬʱƫͷħӰؼ䣬˿˿Ƶʥӿ֣ϣһը졣
ħӰһڣŮл˵֪Źϵ֪
䣡
ؼ䣬ʥӿնϣ䣬˲Ϣ佫ħӰûͬɫħһֱѹķ飬һ˲ʧӰ١
ջָ
ͬʱԶԶһʿ˿ΪħӰŻָɡ
һ˵ĿŮϣһֻ̲ŮݵͬʱҲŮӵʵסˣǰ¿ֲħӰ˲ͱˡ
͵һŰŮӣĿžҵĲ
ΪŮӵǿʵֻΪħӰ֮ǰ֡Ů
ǰŮӡŮ
άʱʦϾƹ߹ά֮ϣĸףŮ
Ůӿ죬˿˿ƵĹ죬תۼκˡ
ѩһ㣬߹󣬿죬мϲá۰Σӵ뻳У㳤ˡ
Ů㱧ţһ˲ûκɻ󣬱Щᣬס˲ӿ˳
ŮӻУоŮϴ¶ȣ¶º͵㣬ȴǿɽؼһжڻ
Ǳĸױŵĸоɳһᵽĸױŵĸо
ſڣ΢Щʣֱǵһ֣
Զһʿ
ǣǡ
𺧡
졭ã
˴
ħӰĿ¿ֲ˶ĿãħӰʱбǶˡĸ֣𡣶Ůӣ׵ĻħӰħ飬˶ҲޱȿֲҲĴڡôһֲ𣬾ĸף
̫ϳϺһһǿ߸¶㤿־塣
һ̫ϹǵȻôֲһλã
ã
ǵ涼Щʲô
ڣһھ㤿־ͬʱɵľ᪣ȻŻάȥѹһãӱżˣ˺޲ýľ᪴ӵϳɱʮǧ顣
ֱǿ˰˰
ԶŮɿ죬ᣬɫ΢ȥΪᡣ
ȻоԼû£ǣЩˡ
ŮĿ΢Щ֣죬д۰󽥽δ棺ûһɳԲġԲ𡣡֣ḧӣеθŨ𣺡ʱһ¾άУԴȥάҡûƬأġ
۴֪άһУǣȻҲ֪ˡ
£ƫ۵ԤۿӡĴһϢʯӡȻ˳ȥĺӲ֪ԼʱʱʧȥһУʱڳС֪ǵºǱһ㡣
ʿĸֻǵΪжϳԿۣ࣬ΪһҶʿʿΪгԿ࣬Ǻ¡ȻĿȴΪУԼ˱ɱǾϵʹ࣬ʹ࣬ϵʹϵʹȵˡ
꣬ΪŽάֻظ֮ѹǿĻʹȫĳɳ˿ܹǿĻӰ죬ͬʱҲϣܽƿֻأһ㣬зӡľػάأֻظѹ³ɳΪǿϷӡѭıøǿ󣬶ǿĻƿֻء
ֻǣάֱ䣬ۺֻʩеάȻȴ룬֮쾹ά췢¡
ǰ֪·Ҳ򵥵ʩӤȥάһԴŻеȥά죬һάɳʱľάֱȥܡάԼĹҪ


2442 ʮĿ
֪ŮʲôѾȥˣںöˡ
ǸСʧ峤ǵţʹѾѪ𣬵ǣʱʱǻ峤ǡȥվǹȥˣǰøϧڵС
ŮĿŲӳˣҺܶ£οҲӾΡ
˶٣Цʦʦƣ˼ϱӶˡ
ʥŮͶ䵽άصĻɢȥڵļعڱ壬ھά֮ϵıҲ֪άص£󣬹άص£ŮȻҲ˶֪
šͷûʲô˼ģȥ𣿼㣬һܸˣСɡ
ŮЩ΢⣬һɶ˶ٺȴҡͷЦοûˡ˵ţ鵭ֻԾάͶµһܿͻʧ
춯ݣֻŮӾάͶµһ
Щ⣬ܿͻָƽάϣʲô£
ı֪ά֮ϱضǷĳִ£һֱԴ˺⡣
Щ¡Ůͷ˿˿ƵʥԽ֯תγһĽ磬컷ƣֻԼܹ𣿡
΢٣š
񣬵ǣ֪Уν񣬽ֻǿѡ
ŮЦºͣάһ˵Ŀռ䣬ųʮеԵ֮壬Ե֮߱㲻ǣ顣
춯ݣ⡭棿
飬ʵ٣ǣһռڵ飬ȫҵ֮壬߱㲻Щˣǵһ¡
Ůͷ𣬸壬ȷʵʸ顣
˵ţŵ£ɾάϵһλżȻӵǷʥã֣Ҳǳλ֮ڣǴ־еóĽۣˣûлɵɡΪ£λƺ˽ɣܵ־ķɣܿ䡣
ǰλ֪˺ܶ£ȴϸֻһˣǷʥȴҲǽ򣬾ҪͼͨǷĴţ򣬻Եѡ
޾ǰվûסͨǷĴţΰһʱкͬʱҲһһĿֲӰڵ̤άΪ֮һһʱ䱻顣
̾Ϣһ˿Цһ쿪ʼάˣ޾սУֱδ˶ôƾõ£ңҲѾǲˡ
ԣɵ΢ʱ£ʵЩ𺳡
ά֮ϵʮ򣬱˴Ż̤ھά֮⣿
һϵһ˲ͱǷ̤ˣ
Щš
ʲôΣ֪·յ㣬˾Ȼ˲ͱɱˣ
ų飬Ƭʥڵǿĳ֮ǰ˵ʸ飬ҲΪ˵ǿ󡣡Ůңʵ㲻ʲôҲܼ򵥻ɱ
쾪ʮƬռ£ŮĻȴҲɵõۣôǿģɱ𣬺ܼ򵥣˵Ȼ뵽֮ǰħӰˣ֮ǰǸħӰԳħ棬Ҳȷʵ˲ûˡ
ŮЦά֮оλħ֮һħʲôˣ֮ǰֻһħѣħΪ䱾Դ֮һŵάϵľλ𣬳㸸׺ʦ⣬ˣ׶ԣʵǺܴģҪһսһˣڰڻǡ
첻ɵֵۣһμĸףǿ£ȴǻĸԼʦ⣬λĸǰǰ㲻
ǿ
Цŵ
ŮҲЦĿͣڵϣ˶ٺ͵ЦΪЦɾˣǷڵһ壬ȴ㲻ʲô
ϵЦһЩƬռڵһ壬ô
ǿĸףҲԳһ飬㲻ʲô
ǡһ˲Ǹأһ壬ô
⻰ŮɫͣЦ㸸ھάƵۣȻǿһ壬ȴǿʮ⣬㸸ǰʵʲôҲ㲻ϡ˵ţɵ̾Ϣ㸸ǿʮǿ㸸Ҳʤˡ˵Ȼھά֮Ϊʦ˺Ҳв
ʮ񣿡
춯ݡ
ĸ׺ʦֶв
һŮʮĽڷǳŹ֣طƣ֮ƿȻһʮҲǣҪ֮ƿȴǲѣﵽ𼶱ɡ޾ǰ𲻹˵λµĽҪøǿҪ̽ѰأԴͨǷĴţʹڵһһһ̤ά˻ս
춯ݣʮڵһ壬֮ڣԭ򲻿ȥ·
ǣһΪʲôҪǰս
Щ棬ʮڵһ壬ԲΪӾάͨʮŻŭɱ¾һԭ
Ů˶٣ڴﵽǧپǿ֪ˡʮʵϣҲʮάأƬصʥά֮ģ޾ǰƬ׹˳䵽ľƬؼ䡣
һ壬Ҫҵά֮ĴأԸ֪ά֮ĵľλãҪں嫵ľƬ֮н֮Ѱ̫ˣúķ޾£ԣǴ㽫ľƬֱ뵽ʮάȥˣά֮Ľعʮά
ôȿʮάά֮عʮάʹʮάΪƬضøǿһ˫£һ˶ӵĲʢ
ŵֻǣҲõ£ƬȻͬ⣬ԣ̤һ˲ֱӿʼɱҪǿƬء
Ȼԭ
һ̣ͷ΢
ʮʥʮ
ʮάά֮ģѵǡ
һ̣ͻȻϾƹ뿪άǰ˵ĻʮǲάǴһʥ׹ƬʥĺģڣŮĻ˲²⣬ʮǣѵʮάά֮Ļɣ
Ůı飬ƺ֪ʱʲô꣬ʦʦͶ²أѰʮάά֮ģѾҵˣάڵǿŲ۵ǳ
ʥŮͶ䵽άĻɢȥڵļŹڱ֮ڣά½Ը֪ۺԣʮǵ£ȻҲǸŵ֪ˡ
Ӧ˵ʮѰʮά֮ģѰ˳
п


2443 뾪
ŮĻŶݡ
Ȼǣ
²ǰ㣬ʮǣȻʮάصά֮ġ
ͬʱҲϾƹǿʮѰʮά֮ģʦάҵˡ
˶٣뵽һ£ǣάĸϣҲΪһ壿
һйءŮͷ꣬һ̤άάһս̫ˣУΪ˷ֹһٴӾά̤²ػңѵԴͷھάĸĪֱֶӷά졣
֮ʵ㸸׵޷̤άҲ޷̤룬һ壬ֻʮдȷʮ߾ʮ򣬵֪ºʮ̤㸸׳ʦҲһ֣˺ʮʮ֮ڣδ̤ʮά졣
ױΪʵ޷ӱľάͶϾ㸸µĽƣȻҲᣬԿԼ򵥵Ĵ
ϣ

ٴζݣά죬Ǳ׸ϵģ
ǻδĸףжǿ󣿣Ȼܽά
ͻȻŮ΢һ˲鵭˺ܶࡣ
㡭
춯ݣŮͶµҪɢˣ
Ůͷʱˣܿͻɢȥ˵ţ̧һ㣬һʽʶǴ͸άķţס׵ĻڴﵽάǰҪάȫֻءʮ㸸׻ʦǶʤˣܹսⳡˣֻ㣬ֻֻؿõҺ㸸ȥά죬һԭҲϣ͸ֻأսⳡ
Ŀ΢ͷ֪ףŬģ͸ֻأ
ŮЦ͡
ǰ㣬죺ܹ㣬׺ܸˣĺܸˡ
Ż䣬ʥԵ㣬ԾάͶµɿ壬ת۱ʧ
˶٣ߵĵʥԣҲǲɵ¶Цֱվ
ɳڼԼĸףһԣɷǳҸ
ףңܿȥά죡
ңδ֪ľάϵŮµĸ磬Žɢȥ
ԶһʿĿݡ
ʧǸ𡭡ʧˡ
Ǹղţ˵Щʲô
֪
˾ɡ
Ů콻̸ʱ˸磬֮ǰĶԻЩ˽ǲ
Զƫͷ򱱺
⣬һĵһļ̫ϳϺһǿߣ͵һɫһ˲ҰһƬʱĿ־Ũ㡣
ƿеİάƿ˴˵еֻأһλãһȻôһֲһӭĿɨ
쿴ű˶٣ֱ˺һ֮š
̫Ϲ֮ǰҪѹľɱն˶Էԭ׼Ҫ߱Դ֮󻹵ȥ⼸ԹĴСڣڵ֪һºһȴˣѵȥΪЩˡ
֮Ž֯˿˿ƵʥԣͨάصŻ׼ǰάأѰάºͼˣά֮ϵ¸֪άУһ˵ά
Ϊһ̫£պ˵ܶʣҪߵ˺Ѿǿ
άʥԶԶάؿȣ˸ĵرԼϡĹȣʵȫԴһ˵άĸУѰĵرȣˣһ˵ΪԷɿ
ûԥ£̤ͨάصڣתۼʧԭء
Զһʿ΢㶣Ǿϲ漴ĳ˿
ûжԸǣôˣڴ˿һֽٺĸо
ΪҪˡ
˲˰Ѷϵ亹
챣ӣ챣ӣ
һ̫ϳ״

ڣһƬڣУúǳά֮ڡ
صƬأɢ֮ǰеֻرԴӦûȥãѰ¡ɡꡢ桢ѩҹϾ顢Ŷ¡ϦͰҲǺһһԣѰһˡ
󣬽Ŷ֮ܿѰ˺Ͱˡ
@#ϰάãѾﵽǧپˣôģ
ۡ
ϰά죬һʱ䶼һʱ䲻쾹Ȼʹӵάﵽǧپٶȣûס֡
һǾȣɵҡͷ
ɱĸ첲һݣǵٶȱǰˣ
һЦָһʱ䣬һάУΪнȴǺԣ£ҲֻһС̨׵Ϊѡ
һˣ˶٣ȡһĵرŵַõ֮ǰԼֻһС֣ʣһ󲿷֣˿̽ȡƽָһˣȽΪ֮ҸһЩҪ¡
һ˴ʱһϵĻɽȺ䣬Ϊһ˻һŵĵرŵΪܿµʱš
µʱԵʱʱｵ٣Ϊвƿάȷ򣬵ͻһ󾳽磬ǿֲ췣ѹ
漴ʱš
ת¹ȥ
֮ǰ£һ˱չĵرķµʱϣΪһ˵ĶǴﵽ̫ΣΪʮ־޵Ĺϵºﵽƻľڡ
ˬ̫ˣǡأ
̲סУĿ˷֮⡣
ǰֻǴ쾳º󣬾Ȼʹﵽ̫м쾳άſվ񾳡Ż꾳ά˷ܵͬʱоޱҸ
иɽֱǲҪ̫ˬ
׻ҲС
ܹﵽľ磬ȫΪ죬Ǻǹﵽ쾳̫ܣ̫ˡ
Ϊʦ֣ǰΪСʦܿ·ȴСʦܵĸʧְ
ȴЦ
ǫʦ˵Сʱ򣬶ʦǴġ
Ц˰֣ˣ֮ǰҪ˵ЩҪ£ʲô
⻰һҲǲɵýĿϣǺܺ档
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬ͷɫ֣
ǹھά֮ϵ¡
ڣάԼһ£
һԣһʱݣҲ⡣
񡭡飬ȻĴڣ
ά֮ϣȻʮάءʮǣȻȻʮάصά֮ģ⡭
Ͱ׻ɴ˫ۣ㾪ĵʯ


2444 ˳ֻ
һ˶Ǳݾסˣһ壬ʮάأʮĿֽһʵ̫ˡ
ģʲôأ
ʵ
ŬΪȥǿҴȥά
ǧپΪڵάأڰάݺᣬڣԴһ˵άȥܹʹһΪٱǿ
£һ죬˺άͨά֮ţһֱ̤άء
άڵʥصԶԶάؿȣһ̤ƬأֱӳŰάڵһЩ̤롣Ϊĵط̵ĵر͸ﶼǱȽ϶࣬Ϊż˵Ч
˵ˣʲôأ
ɺ棬۾⣬ŮϾֱϵѪףȻǷǳ⡣
ЦһƾӻŮò
ʱɵۣạ̇̄áƯ
ԱߣһҲǶ𺳡
Ȼ¹Ҫ
׻ۡ
С̫ҲһһֱǶΪ¾ؼˣһֱôŵģȴ֣Ȼб˴ڡ
ϾƹƣάϣģΨŮŮò
뵽ôһ¡
ѽӦþǵģ
С̫ĵ
쵹û̫⣬һˣƬάһŵضȥ
֮;άһЩʿɫֱ¡
ǰն̫ϹľԼ棬Իֻأ¶֪֮ЩѾǴά죬ټİάн磬ʿ֪Ĵ˿̼Щܲɵ
ûЩʿһˣûκα仯
֮󣬴պһһƬ쵫ȴŨԨ
ԨΪữ֮ǰάľŸ֮һ޾ԵȴҲޱգȻǰάǿҲҵ̤ƬԨ
һû˿⣬ֱӴһ̤룬䵽Ԩ¡
ԨԵЩ谵Ĳк
ôһάģ
׻һʬ壬ʬѾãȴԼż˵Ϣ
ɨۣȷʵǡ
Ļʣһطӡδ⿪ǱӴޱȣΪˣһ۾ͿʬʵʱǴڰάڲΡ
ǣһάǿߣô
ļ¡
ûʲôˣͨԭʼʿҲܽ޾

ԨռطΧܹ㣬һˣ̽ѰԨ
Ԩڣ˿˿ƵƮţһɭɭĸо
𣡡
𴫳ǰһɹ쫷磬ֱܼо˳
ЩִճҺ񣬼ΪģȴǼŨƿɹᴩһС
ң˿˿Ѫʴ͵죬ٲȻо綾
άͷ֮ǰǾʬ壬Ǳ䴥һԪ

ôţ֣άְ֮ά֯͵һ
һû˿飬ƥĽת۾黮д֡
漴ƲŴķȥ
һĲҽдԶɢһͷɶߵĳª¶ò漴ը
ȥһ͡
׻¡
̬
ֹ
ͷªǿɶܹо£ڰάͷȴǱǧپһ͸նˣսֱǿֲЩ֡

Ŀ
쵭Цǰ
֮ǰͷªըĵطһѪƮڿУȭͷС֯ż˵ϢԼϢ
ڵ
ݡ
еĳڣڻڵҲ޺ˣһľǣڵһԣޱǿ󣬱ǻὥڻ뵽ѪⱾԴڣԣ£ϵ޾Ͳڵˡ
ǣû뵽ͷάͷޣھȻڵڡ
漣
¶âһ̧֣ڵȡС
ôһŰάͷ޵ڵͷάͷ޵һжôŨһܿͿɴﵽάһ˺ٶһ󾳽硣
׬ˣ
Ͱ׻ҲǾȣȻóڵޱȾ޴ļֵ
ƬԨѰ꣬һչ
˵
£һˣⷽԨطȥ
ˣʱһΣתۣչȥ
ʱڣһˣⷽԨȫѰ˸飬ѰĵرһʥȪȪˮŨ״̬ȫʥҺγɣ֯ŵܵŨˡ
չ
һ˵
ԨµΣأѾɨҪʲôá
£ȡǿڵȡһĵر
ʼʼʼ
׻У˷ܼ
ˣ̽ԵĹžתڵһĵر
Ҳ⣬ֻľת˿˿ƵʥԽ֯ڵĵرԼʥȪܣΪһ
ˣʱһΣתۼ䣬¹ȥ
ڣطʱ䣬ƬԨҪ׵ĸ١
һ죬ڵһĵرʥȪȫϡ
һ˵Ϊ˾޴
ط

ƬԨµԴѾѰ꣬һ죬һ뿪ƬԨƬصȥ
ʱ䣬һš
һˣ߹ƬصһƬƬһۣһȥ
ˣ
һһ죬һտԭϣ죬׷Ƶ
ԵϢǵض¡
ԶЩ
µ˵
һʱ䣬ͬʱԼŬĲֻغУֻѾƿ˳ɣΪҲ̤άʱά׷
ˣ
ƺƵ
תۣһ׷䣬̼佫û
޾壬֮׷ֻؽһɽ١
׷ϣһ䡣
ֱȥ׷ⳡά췣ɢȥ
һ߲۶˿˿Ƶ߲ɫʥԣ֡
ֻؽ޸ã߲ʥԴǣΪ
һӺ߲ɢȥΪڰάϣұüΪȹ̡
㣬ԸӦ¼ĸоԼǿ󣬵սҪնһԭʼǿߣԲѡάأɻǿ
ά֮ԭʼ컯پά𡣡оâտտﵽ컯󣬾ͿɽĻˣ
ڣĻֻʣһطӡˣֻҪ⿪ǱܱǻԻʱȫȫԻһ޴ʱ䣬Զǿ


2445 پά
ټĻԭýһƬԸӦ¼µȥ
ֻǼ򵥵ȴƺڴпռ䣬ת۱µ˽ǰ
άˣٶȣˣп漴ǺЦٺ٣үҲƻľˣһ㣬ʵάҲ̫Զˡ
үҲһ
׻
һʱ߹˰άĴѰ̫ĵرһУȴ仹ȽСС辰С⣬ˣǴﵽƻľͷ¡ɡͰˡҶȣﵽǧپ
£ΪѾﵽǧڣľ綼Զˡ
Ȼȴ±ԼΪ⣬Ҫ˴󲿷ʱѰĵرȣ򣬲ôʹﵽǧپڡ
ʲôҪȥά𣿡
ʵ
ºͼˣҲ
ˣȻˡ
ͷ˶٣뿪ǰΪǶ۷弶İάʥΪάаά򡣡
Ϊﵽ˰άΣﵽ˺ŮԼȻҪپά죬ȥĸףȥףȥʦʦ֮ǰþܵһ˵ս
һ죬һ˽άһʥɽڣ²磬ϸΪһְά
תۣʱȥ
֮ƿеİάƿְά򣬷˽ƿְάҶϾƿһְά
ˣȥʱ䣬ΪӰ죬ûƿһֵİά򣬲ԼȥȻûܹƿصôȴеģϢǱøӵøȹ̣Ϊ϶Ǳǰ˲١
С¡
쿴µ
µʺ̫ˣ£ھάҲûжܱȡ
񣬳ȴֻط;άľ־ά⣬άȷºһȫѾƿˣܻδȫ޵ɣȴǺֲܿ
Ĺ͡
Ц
ûϸҪƿеάȷȻҲҪķѵʱ䣬ǾԻǺˣûʮܡ
Ц漴ⷽɽڣȡѵıΪһ˴
ЩԼǧɽãаάıĶǧپԼͲεıطֻ֮Ϊһ˶죬ʱ£Ϊÿ˶һڰά̱Դֻ
Щһһָһˣ󽫴͸άʽһˣΪһУܻ֮پάʱҪõʽ
ϵҲǹ̬ˣһ˷һƬأֱǡ
ۡ
һƬж嫣޷ҪһƬأǻǲܵ¡Ȼȴ£һˣֱ
һӶǱ̬
׻Ҳۡ
ЦΪһ׼ණʹһȻûߣҲ԰İά졣
漴תȥһ죬һ˵׼پάˡ
עⰲȫ
ɵ
ȫһ
ͰҲڡ
ÿһεķֱǶĻﶼ򵥣֮ȴޱŨ
Ŀ᣺Һܿ㡣
ֹȥ꣬ƿеİάǧ۷ֻ˿¾ܴﵽǧ۷壬Ҫ̤ϰάŬһЩҲ˶á
΢㶣漴Цã
˵ţͰˣһһ˵˺ܶ໰һ˸漴ֱط˺ͨά֮ţһ˼򵥻֣һ̤롣
תۼ䣬ʧԭأ֮Ҳһɢȥ
άս֮ء
СӣҪذ
Ͱ׻
µˣһ˲˲Ŀ뿪λãн˿˿Ƶ΢⡣

һƬ谵ûڣĵȴ
֮Ҳ֪˶ãǰ𶯣ͣþֱ
谵Ŀռ䣬УֻԼһƬĻ֮С
ǰϢǰƺһǳǰµľԱݡ
ǿ
Ǹµķ

˶٣̧֣һĹӡǰķӡȥ
̼䣬ǰ谵رŤͬˮư㶯
лһĨâֻزһ磬ֱǰȥ
תۣŤرݣǰâһ²ʵʵϡ
УʥŨҪҺ̬һּΪ˵ʥڿУʹˣëſÿеʥ֮ӿȥһʱ侹һ̹ĸо
Ȼˣͫȴ΢΢
УʥȻޱŨɷȥȴһƬƬƵأѵʥɽѵӣصʬǣһĻһĻǴĿġ
ǡ޾սҺľά졣
񲨶
ЩĸĸףʦʦһֱĻս
ĿⲨ󣬺ܿ¶â
ά죬ˣ
׺ʦʮάʮ񣬵ǣĸ׺ʦﻹƬء
ҪȥѰˣ
ģ
ɨܣ̽뿪طѰŮʥŮ
תۼ䣬Ƭ߳˺Զǰо˵ʥܲƵ


һȺǰ˵ǵɱвҽкͷŭ
һȺ˵ķηǳͳһһޱȵĹϣȵ㣬ԻżΪ˵ʥ򣬽ʿһһնɱ
쿴һĻһ˲Ƕݡ
ǡ飿
ĿЩνһϣеŽ˵Ĺԡ
ζԣǺһģһطȴвͬȻƣÿһֻͫ׶߱˫ͫʣɫĮǸӴصľ
ͬһʱ䣬⣬һȺ˷Ŀ⾶ֱ䳯￴
ﬣ
ûκζĻһ΢ֱдƬĹг
֮Ƭձѣһ˵ϢƵѹ
춯ݣܡ
ͫ
ֵˣԷÿֻͫжһͫʣ໥һض졣ңͬʱҲ˵ǿ󣬸оȥֻǺһİάΪղŵһȴԻɱһԭʼǿߣ
⣬оˣͫڽ˫ͫʣ죬΢䣬쾹ȻܿĹ
ͬʱεˣһ߻ɱһȺʿĿҲǳ￴
ֻЩ˼ֻǰά磬ȴȻܱܿղһӦòܲŶԡ
һ˵Įĵ
΢ֻˣ
ǰά磬ЩˣҲǰά磬ȴȻƺǷˣ
һ˲䣬ӿ϶֮ǰĲ룬Щˣʮά̤飡


2446 ҧң
һ壿
ŷηǳͳһȺʿ쿪ڡ
Ѿǿ϶Ⱥ˵ȴʵ
̬ɢ޾
ˣطʮˣһĮĵ
Ŀ˫ͫʵٴζ֣΢ռΪ֮ŤɱâƬŽ
ת۶ѣ챻ڳƬɱâС
ɱâΪˣ죬ȴҲǸо˼в˿⣬ֱӼǰӭȥ
һΪޣ˵ɱâʧ
ͬʱ֮ǰڵ˵Ļȷһ㣬Щˣȷȷʵʵʮ̤ν顣
ʮһǿ߿죬ӽ΢Ƕֵ˫ͫ飬Ŀн֯ɭɭ⣬쾹ȻεסĹ飬ﲻ⣡
䣬µһ˲ֱӶˣһ̤Ƶʥתۼǰһѹ¡
ߣܣֱӭǰ
ҪͼĶħ磬飿Ż
˿Ҳµ˲ֱӻӶֻȭƥȭӿȡ
תۣȭײһ𣬺¡¡ģʥԼռһƬһƬѡ
Ƭ̺ͬʱˡ
΢ֻ壬ϵķӡѾ˰أѾǿˣԭʼǿ߻Ҫǿܶ౶Ȼǽ֮£ͬʿһʿ˿Ҳ
ν壿
ͷ΢뵽Ů˵£ʮڵ飬ң壬ǿ󵽼㣬ѹǹֻʡ
ŶԷͷɵһɾ⣬һ壬ǿϱȣȫֻʣ
𺳣棬ʮһʿ𺳣ͫ΢
ֶѣͬΪ֮£ǾȻܹҵȿ⣿Ӧòܡ
һ˳
壬ʥ֮ϣȻ˿άǣ˫ͫʵʿȭƽ棬ƽɫ
Ŀ˫ͫʵɫӱ䣬һаʥԻ
¡¡ģһʥܷ籩طϯǿʢ㡣
ɱ
һ۴дǧݻһƺƵĳѹ¡
ƼΪˣĲضһɹɵķ籩ϯ
ͷһ𶯣һάڼʿɢϢһԭʼʿƣ
ʹᵽŮ֮ǰڰάʱ˵Ǿ仰һȷʵʸ顣
ĺǿ
һˣƺӵܿ󾳽սʥʥޱȵˡ
оºͷ𾪣ȴû˿ļɵηӡ
ﬣ
ֻؽһʱϯֻؽ⡣
ңһ𣬰ְάһʩչƺƵĳ˫ͫʿѹϡ
תۼ䣬һײһ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ʥܼתۼ䣬߼սһʱȥ
һʱһ촫һĵ˫ͫʿǱĺɡ
ѪˮƬϡ
࣡
طһʮˣѾǽƬڵľάʿȫɱڿԼһ˫ͫʿ棬һĻǶݡ
ͬȼ棬һʿȻ·ֱӸˡ
һߣоâ֯һƬ䡣
ܿ£
Խֵһ˫ۣͫҲһۡ
˻ϰطӡ״ֻ̬ʣ£潻֣ȻͨԭʼʿҲסһȻ˫ͫ飬ȴȻ㼤սһʱʱǱˣĺˡ
ˣ
˫ͫʿɣԶסΣٴο죬Ų⡣
飬߸ϵ飬ʮά£ȴȻһͬ½˵
ԣĪĳ裡
񣡿˺һҪ飡
Ż䣬һͷһʮֹӡƶ֯ĻϢ
ӭ˵ʮֹӡȻܹоõȹӡĿֲȴû˿ļɵ
Ҿ㣬һˣҷ

Ż䣬һϢһɽҪ
ͬʱ£طһʮ˽ɫһ䣬Ŀü

Щ˲Žɱ⣬ƺ촥ʲôɡ
ƾҲҳķ֣һ˫ͫʿĿ⼫ϢøӵĿɲ֮⣬ϴۻహ꣡ɣʧ
һʮֹ貣ѹ䣬ƺƵģֱӳѹ¡
ʧģ㡣
ĵֻάȷһתάɱ͵һŶԷն䡣
וּһά֮֮˲ʮֹӡڶֵʿϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽֵ˫ͫʿ˲Ϣ飬Ҳһʧ
ΣΣ飿ǳѪ⣬ɻ
Ŀʮһʿϣĵ
һЩʿǿ壬ɿһ󾳽ɱУǣͬһڣǿ֮ͬ£ѹЩһʿ
ʮһʿɫ
ô᣿
飬ʮ̤Ƭأ֮ͬ£Ƭصǳµ⣬ûκܹͬںһʿһսǼˣߵһĳ̶ȣǳˡȻǰŰάڵ࣬ȻҲͬڣɱһһˡ
ķ֣
ɱ
ʮɭһһ֡
Įֻάȷ۳ά񽣣ն콣⡣
ﬣ
ﬣ
ﬣ
Х̶ʥƵ
һ֮ͬʱսʮ顣
Ѫˮʱɽ
գϱ顣
رʱưܡ
תۣʱȥ֣ʮ飬ֻһˡ
Ѫĵ棬Ⱦ˴Ƭ
㣡
΢죬֮ǰĸ߰Įʧˣ¶Ȼ
ͬ£ʮά飬ȻһԻɱʮˡ
ˣֱӻһ롣
Ҳӣ
Цֻزһչֻ̤һ׷˶ԷӡƵ
̼䣬ܵĿռ䱻ֱ̣ӽһѹ
ſң
Ҫѣȴû˿ãŭȡ
̧־һƣֱӳϣĵҪнľ򡣡
һŭ˫¶Ϊ˵ɱҳң
飬Ȼһʿһ⣬ֱɱܡ
Σҧң
̧ҿ⣬˶ԷʮŸͣʹöԷȫ䣬ѪˮϵĴӿӿ


2447 ħ
㡭㡭
죬ѹµڱǶѪ۵ķŭ
һˣôһٸ⡣
죬׿޲졣
ߣӡøǿԷĸϣֱѰԷʶ
ܿ죬ӹȥıԴʶӶԷʶ˻أһĨɱԷ
ͽʹ˧񡭡
һƵ΢⡣
ӷǸʶУѰ˺ܶණһ壬ʮġʮΪգ֮ǰһɱ˫ͫ飬ǽʮࡣʵȼϣһԭʼµͳΪԭʼΪ컯ΪͽپΪʹά鱻˧𼶵鱻һѹƸ飬񣬺ʮΪǿ顣
󣬻ݵһ㣬һ֮ϣһνԹȴδھʱ;߱һ־ֻҪںƿʮά֮ģõʮά֮ĵϿɣʮǿϵʮ
ʮǣʮʮ
ĿⲻɵŲ
ںʮά֮ģõϿɣʮ־Ͽɵ
ʦѰʮά֮ĺ󣬳Թں𣿡

ӷǸʶе֪ʮά֮ĻʮʱʮԼһЩ飬γԹںϣȴʧܽβкܶ˷ɣ֪Ͼƹάطʮά֮ĺûгԹȥںţںʮά֮ļɳΪʮϾƹ֪ġ
ӦóԹ̽ʧˡ
Ͼƹ˵ȥάѰʮά֮ĵĿĺĸĸ͵άƿֻһҲΪֹһĻҡ˿֣ϾƹѰʮά֮ĺһԺ̽ںϣȴʧˣҲ֪ԱȥںҲɹԵ뿪ʱֻʮ˲㲼á
ΪϾƹ֪һʮά֮ĵľλãֹⳡŵսܹƶϵĳ֮ǰЩ̬ţϾƹ֪һʮά֮ĵľλãһҲԲսɻ뽫ʮ֮ǿʮˣ֪һʮά֮ĵλãֻк棬塣
վ΢˸һ˲һֱ뿪ط
̽Ƭά죬ϢѰĸ׺ʦ
ľά죬һƬս˿̣Ƭؼ䣬ǵСһЩһһ컯ͽǳΣգάҲԵֵסΪһ壬п󾳽ս컯ͽ൱ͨپǿˣԵסǿߡ
ٶȺܿ죬Ƭأת۱̤Զͻأоһħ
ңħǳϤ
ħ棡
ͷһ
ڰάʱ㱻ħɣڶԷϢȻǷǳϤ
ħԵúܵԶһɽڡ
ü˼˶ٺ󣬳ǰɽȥ
ܿ죬ȫϢԴطԼڵصףܿں
һ壬Ϊ⣬ħ´һɿ鱨Ǳǣ֮ǰŮͶά죬ħ˺ܾǰ½һ֣ˣŮضƿⷽɴ͸άķһŮɵ֪͸άⷽӶ̤²ء
ͬʱǰ̤뵽𼶲εʥŮĿǰúŮһֻҪѹˣ˵ۺҲض˶ͷ
ɽڣƣһھάĺ꣬Ŷھά˧ԵùСħѾ֪ŮʥŮľλãӦħҵȼһ壬ħ˱̴ŹλһȥַŮʥŮƱܹڵһʱ佫ѹ£彫˲Ӯóŵս
˵ţ˫֣һźɫħʸά˧ħ˵ķ֮һ뼸λڹ𼶵ǡֻҪͬ⣬ֱⷨħ˹ֺ̡ͨľˡ
һά˧άĺԵЩ΢дһ˿˿¡ΪȻͬΪάΣһľάǿȴǿ̫̫ˣһսһľά˧һ˶ֻ̧ɱ
ԴطɽصףźĻݣ־ŭ
ħ棬ά֮һȻҪͶеһȥһȥѹĸ׺ʦһʱ䲻ɵ¶һɱ
󣬶ʱɫһ䡣

ͷһ䣬ʩչطֱԼٳԶߡ
ΪŭС¶ɱ⣬ɱһ¶ضᱻɽеĺԼļά˧֡
Դطڵص֮£ͬƽһ㣬תۻԶ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬԤϵǰ㣬ɽڣļά˧ǷϢУһ˧ֱ֣նһ
¡һرƣһ޴ѷͬ֩һ㳯ӿȥһɼΪ˵ĻƻϢ֯
飡
һ죬챻ӵص±ƳһѪˮֱӴӿʺ졣
ʹȫû˿ͣ٣ٶޣԶߡ
ΪԲܵùάǿߣǾά顣
λ˧һҪѹűض͵ҵȵĽ̸ԲܽϢй¶ȥŮʥŮһתƵĵط֮ҵ˵ľλãȺȥѹǾͺˣ뿪
ٳ֣άʥܵһʱƺƵѹ졣
죬δħŵΪƿֻطħԴ˺⣬Ҫ죬ȡֻأԣ²δ֪κˡ
ά˧ӽĮһ֣ƥʥֱѹ졣
ʮռ䣬ӿȡ
쾪㤣һ̲˿ά֮Ƶֻۺͬʱֻعά֮˵Ĺƣʩչ˲ƶ
৵һ˲̤ԶһѪһʱҡҡ׹ţάֻ֮֮˵Ĺƣȴܵ˷˺塣
ҧٶĸ죬ǻһ磬Զ۵˲ơ
ͬʱά˧ɫͱ䡣
ֻأ
ˣϳֻֻۡ
ˣƿֻأ
׷
һ˧ڣһ˲޾Զֱĳ׷ȥ
ĸά˧ˣٶһ̶Ǽ죬תۼǽͬΪάĺ˦޾ԶûñǱƵǰ


2448 
֣ƿصֻأ
ά˧Ƶǰдžâֱ̧ץ졣
պתۼѣܵĿռ䱻ȫա
ɫʥҪͻƳȥȻȴû˿á
ά˧һ֣ǵ̫ŨˣҰ˰˻ġ
ҲʱϣƬʥâ֯ӰϢĳ֡
ά˧ʥһʱʧɫ䡣
ͬʱһɣһʱҲǶݣ¶ϲɫ
ʦ
ϵӰȻŮʥŮ
ŮЦ죺ǰӡǣΪľǵپάܵһʱӦ
Сʮ
ʥŮЦһϮȹȻȻ𼶵ѹǰﵽΡ
ͬһʱ䣬ƿյά˧ߣٶȼ졣
Ǹ壬ǣŮʥŮȴ֪ԲǶ֡
ս̫ˡ
ֻǣǲŸ˳Զϱ޾ʥѹ䣬Ů΢˲ϢĨɱȫ
Զ֣׷ǡԶԶһĻ㤣ͷҲصĳԶߡ
ʦץסħĲǻħͶ飬ǡ
ٿڡ
ŮʥŮĿ΢ʥŮ֣˲佫нǰ
λˣġ
귢ޱȿ־壬һ۷ޣһޣ˱ʵҲ𼶣ǰص׵϶硣
ʥŮԣֱӶѻ꣬Ƭ̺üһƽĨɱ
Сʮ˵ĲħѾνӴһǴصرˡ
˵
Ůһֱ֪ħ࣬Ҳû뵽Խߵ£
ζСʮǱ﷢£򣬺롣ʥŮЦ汻ħһţһ١
죬ЦͷͰæˣĲ
ллʦ佱
Ц
ֱôãٴμʦǳˡ
ңλʦѾ̤Σάĵʮλ
ŮĿºͣܰҵĺӣ
ͷ˶٣ʦڣȥħ
ͬΪĸ׸ףʦʦΪά漸ƬսţȻħȴΪ˱ȫͶһ壬һȥĸ׺ʦ֮вĸ׺ʦһӮⳡսΪٲȻǺ͵ӵϵЩһ
ŮͷȻȥ
ħԨ
ʥŮ
ʥϽ֯ճƬŤתۼһԨǰ
ȥԨ֮£ɫƣ֯żΪ˵ħ
¡
ŮֱӶ֣ƺƵѹ¡
ħԨħâɢ
ವһһħӰ̤ƼΪ˵ħâ
Ȼħ档
ŮʥŮʲô⡭ħĮܿǷһ죬еһĨâŮƿд͸άԿףǾʲôϵһΣΪάʱĳ𣿡Ůдһ˿ɵάʱѾ˵ʱ֪йأңһҲѾˣ͡
䣡
ףƥħķ顣
Ů̫
ħΪ𼶣ǲ˲䱻Ůɱܿ۳ɫԵЩ࣬Ŀɭ
Ů޾£ĿħϣԵһƬ䣬ƵӸɫˣֱӽħǰͼҵĺӣͼͶаϮҺʥŮ˾ˣһ㣡
һ֯һһ𼶵ٽ٣ӿ㡣
վŮԱߣһΪ֮ݣ޾̫ˣԲͨоӿķ򲨶
ͬʱһߣħҲɫ䣬һΪŮе֪쾹Ů۵áǣһ尵нӴ¾ˡ
˵ʲôһͺħŽ߿ħһʡ
ӿħâһħâˣŮֱӭϡ
תۼ䣬ײһ
¡
ѹ䣬ֱӷ߿ħ飬۵һħķ顣
һĻʹٴζݣͬΪ𣬺ųơŮλĸףʵ̫ǿˣħ澹ȻȫǶ֣ĸǰԵ̫
¡
쳹񷣬Ů䣬վħԨ֮ϣûʲôΨ׹һ֯ƺƵ췣һεĳħѹ
վŮԱߣн֯˿˿Ƶľâ׹⡣
âѹǰ˻ģħͺͨħڣǿޡ
ɱ
һͺƶصħ⣬ֱѹŮ
תۼ䣬ٴײһâӿһС
ħһըѪ㣬пռѷ측һħûУ󣬿ռѷ˲ʧ
ܵĵͦ졣
Ů
ԶԶĶ֣һսֻһʼ׼롣
ʥŮ
վŮһԣоâտտ˶ٺеľâƽϢȥ
Уһâ֯һû
ŮʱݣĿϣЩȡ
ͬʱʥŮǶݡ
ۺͺӣķʮƿصľףСһȻֻǿʩչתۼѧˡ
ʥŮ̾
ŮǷǳˣһֱס죬һʱһСŮ㣺ҵĺӣ׵֪㣬һǳǳǳģ
ףάľ־ά֮һһգԵǿҲķʮƿصȴ˲ѧˡ
ֱȥɿ졣
ǫЦ˶٣ŮʥŮǸħˣҪɣ
޷㲻ʲôŮЦ˶٣ħԨħڴ˵أƬ򵱾ǼΪһЩķ֣ȥ
ͷ£ŮʥṲ̊ħԨ
ڣ֯绡ƣǾ׵вٲʬѪˮٲȻħĲ֮ǰŮľ֮£˲١
ͬʱ·ʱвٵħ£ŮʥŮֱӹ򵹣ϵĿͷ
ЩˣŮʥŮûɱ֣ȥúһ̤ⷽħԨĴһܼŨʥڷһ̨
̨ħмΪʥȫʥ۶ɣǳľˡ
ʥʯŮ̧֣֮ץȡУʥ⽫ϵħѹݵУʥ۶ɣħ浱֮Ϊֱ̨Ӧܹʹڶʱڴﵽ컯Ρ
вɵ¶âʥʯҲڶʱڴﵽ컯ֻҪﵽ컯ͿԳ׵Ľˡ
ʱڽĻļʱڣԿٴνܿﵽپΣǾֻһάˡ


2449 
ûмֵĶ
Ů
պʥʯŮʥŮһ𣬼ѰħħԨ
ܿ죬ħԨȫѰϡ
ʥʯ⣬ûʲôرмֵĶ
ȻرмֵĶȫħЯϡ
߰ɣ뿪
ʥŮ
ͷһ뿪ⷽħԨ֮һưܵɽ䡣
ά붼ưˣһѰάǴ󲿷ʱػսŮ֮ǰǴصأȻѾ¶ǾûҪٻȥˣСʮʥʯҺʥŮΪ㻤
ͷһ죬ƬưܵĻɽ䣬ֱӿʼʥʯ
ˣ
ɫʥԻ⣬ʥʯ侫һ
ˣʱһΣתۼ䣬չȥ
պʥʯӰάﵽԭʼ˵һطĲֱӱһɫиһ׵͵졣
ۣʱͣȡֻؽһɽ٣ɹ֮
ʥʯȫؼʥ۶ɣκε־֮Ϊϵ˵ǷǳĿ٣Ҳ˿ĸá
ˣתۣǰ¹ȥ
ºһ죬Ϊ̤뵽컯Σ컯١
ˣ
̶أʮռȫû谵Ϣǵض¡
޾壬ֻؽȡһӭ١
䣡
䣡
䣡
һ죬˵׷һֽһ䣬ֱȥӽ׷֮ⳡ컯ٲɢȥ߲ɫƸֶ˿˿߲ʥԡ
΢ؾ۳ֻؽ߲ɫʥԴѪȹ컯Ϊ
ܿ죬һӹȥΪȵ컯
ԱԴӣʥһ췭ظı仯ڵάҲǿ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ컯һǳ˵ʱ䡣

Ů˹̤컯Ǹˡ
ʥŮǴЦº͡
Цֻؽ𣬶˶ŮʥŮʦάʲôĵطܵŨĵطҿԽϵһطӡˡ
Ϊﵽ컯ΣԽһطӡˣһ⿪֮Ķ˲ڣԲʮڵ޾ܵɿ磬ѰһܵԶԺŨĵطȥϵһطӡ
֮ڶ̶̤֮پ
ңΪҪǣ⿪ϵһطӡǸʱɻһ˵ɱ䣬ǵսǶ⣬ǿࡣ
ڣάսңһǿҪǿս֧ţþǿ
ĻŮʥŮ΢ŮоâŨ
ѾԽ⿪ȫķӡ
졣
۵ԤҪ⿪ϵһطӡӦٵþ߱άΪУŸոմﵽ컯Ѿܽȫˣ
һطӡѹƵǱܣ֮ǰİطӡҪأ

ھ˵Ǳܣɷǳĸһûǿʵܣһٽ㣬ǾǻԵѣԣʱԴȻǷǳ⡣
û⣡ͷǰʦʦİ£ɾֻ壬ʵڳǱܵϣܴڿԳȫˡ
Լ϶ŮҲͲɻ
Ͼڻϵķӡ״̬ʲôʱܹ⣬ʵΪ
ʥŮʥŮллллǣάأҵĺӣܻᡭ
۵ĸмͬʱҲɵ¶ЩΡ
ۺĸĸʵϣʥŮǸǸĸ
ԵעˡʥŮЦ죬º͵ЦӣҺǳϲΪǱܣֻΪԸ񡣡
Ůٴεлǿ죬ľά󲿷ưܲˣõһЩطҲ٣ôܺŨ
£ʥŮһ𣬴뿪СĵϢ֮һ֣ŵֻվΧܸоŨܡ
طɱ֣һľάʿҲ̤룬ڣȥ棬˿⡣
Ů
ʥŮ𾳣ҪõĻ죬⡣
ԣЩЦףʵҪʦﻤӣڵ컯ΪҲж硣˵ҵʦֿһڷǳ˵ĴܹƿشƣһЩĵڣɽشս󾳽ɱжܼ򵥡ж硣
һ˲ͷǰƬֱ鲼ɱ֣ǳΣգɱ֣컯ΪԿԳ裬ѹ
ңȴ⣬ƿάغάطҲм
ţ״ʦ˵λʦֵ£Ƕǳչˣ֮׵Ըлǡ
ŮЦ
ͷľλʦִļãԣֳĴڡ
һ죬طŮʥŮ֮Ϊڣ·ͽУܿƬֵλãŨ
طһ΢һطӡ
ϵһطӡƿɢ
̼䣬âʥʹ͵һޱȡ
䣡
һΪ˵Ĺ𣬽Ҫضᴩ
ͷϿգϣһһڵĹƶ鲼졣
ͬʱԲʮڣܵӿڡ
쵱Уʣֱޱͬĳ˯
һ˲䣬бޱ㣬Ųڡ
ϣ֯ڲɫĹԻͻأи쫷һƾ󣬵رϣһľͬˮ˰кɫĹΡɫʥâԼʵɫһ֯
˵ĵϢƥķѹһƵķ
ףƣľʥ磬ף顭
ʥŮݣĿҲ
⿪Ļһ̣άάȷ򣬾лƶԾ
ŮĿҲǲʥŮȴҪϺܶ࣬ϾʥŮԼӵĻжǿԳֻصǱܡ
¡
ڣʥ޾򣬻򣬸ֲͬ֯
⣬ɿΪϵеľâԽŨ


2450 ʮ
ʮﷶΧڣʥϵӿϵûڡ
ˣ
ɫʥ⽻֯˿˿ƣ侫ŷٵ
ȥ޾⣬άľάȷһϣ糼Ӱ㳼ŮʥŮǶݣ˳ǿǴδ
ܹӿоâտտתֻľЩܡ
һʱ䣬侫Ÿ
ͬʱΪٶȣǸ졣
ϣϵһڵĺʣÿһڶʵ㣬
תۼ䣬ȥ
ˣ
˵ϵһطӡ⿪Ǳȫţʮӿܵʵ̫Ũˣʹڶ̶ʱڱǴ컯ﵽپһپ١
ɫкʲϣиŽ֯
¡һת۱׷¡
׷ϵһжʱճƬƬ̮ʹ˱١
⣬Ϣ磬վԭһҲֻؽȡһɽ٣׷𶯣⻤壬ֻֻؽ¶⣬ϳ׻
䣡
䣡
䣡
׷ﲻ䣬ֱȥص׷ٲɢȥ
ؾֻؽ߲֮֮ѪǣȹΪ
¡
ԲʮڣɻйܵӿʵǱ̫ںˣǱܻδӻԾȫȶʹž޴Ӱ죬޾;־άøӷˡ

н֯տտâֻؽڣС
Ļбޱ㣬һ;ĸ⣬˲⣬·ֻͨĺˮһ򵥡
ȶľΪԵ
Ϊ񲻶ϱǿطϸøˣ֮ǰǵȹøӵ貣Ϊû񷣬ټľάأط鿴Ŷݣ𺳡

Ϣ
һɽУħȾѪңңĿĵطһ
Ϣǵһʱо˳Ϣ
ĿŲסĲֻأֻأֻء
дʣдһ˿ڵ̰
ֻأȡһ޵ɣôܹ޵С
һǿʮҲѹ
˶٣ϢŹĵطȥ
ǵ̫ĿˣţڵһЩǿߣڸ֪ȹƱػȥ￴𼶵٣ʱ򣬷һŮʥŮ󣬱ضһ𼶵Ĵս
ǱеǸ򣬻ԳŻ֮ѹ죬ֻء
һѵõĻᣡ

ά죬򡭡
ǣ
ԱϢ
ȥ
ڣһǿѰƬص飬һĻ𼶵΢
ǵȹϢϣǿ߲ǿȴǰһȻźԶҲģĿЩ⡣
£ͬǿˣĵطȥ

ˣ
֮ڣ񲻶Ϊǿ
תۣǰչȥ
պΪٳڴﵽڣƶܵȻûˣԲʮڵܵȫͻأǱܳ׳ɡ
ˣ
ѹ¡
پΣÿ̤һС̨ף˵١
ԴˣѾ֪˿Ҳ⣬ֻؽȡһζɽ١
¡¡ģ׷ϣֱʮֵ׷䣬ⳡٲɢȥ
߲Ƹֶؾ۳ֻؽ߲ƵȹΪ
ֱ֮ʱȥ߲ɢΪȵĴڲΣǿʢ
ѾױΪƽأڲվĿƬϣӼڵʥ絽㣬Զȡ֮֮ߣԴøһ㲻ɢؼһкڰ
ͬʱΪҪǣ㣬ȫˣʹü͵㡣ңʹԴص֪㣬ҰеһУκζǿһ۾ף
ܴӰ죬ڣάرøӾˣһξ˵Ĵɱ䡣
ʤά죡
н֯â
ڵάأȻδеάȷںϣĻȫ⣬һ̣άںάȷٶǱǰ˺ܶ౶ڵǿϣѾǾʤάأʤܶࡣ
άڵܣѾǼ򵥵ѾǻʥƬڣڣͬأ޾ľʢޱȡ
ã
̲סȭ
ڣϵķӡȫ⿪ڵάأоԼܣƺʲô¶
ԶŮʥŮĿϣʱĿⶼǲɵò
ܾˣ
ʥŮ
ʱ죬ȻΪ𼶱Ҳɵ֮ݡ
ڣΪڣ֯ŵϢȴԶʿǿ
ŮҪǿϺܶ࣬ĿȴҲŲȻҲܸо˿̵ɢϢ֮ǿ̫ˣȻȻɢϢѾǲͨľάǿ߲Ϸֺˡ
ҲʱͻȻ䣬Ŀ΢ֱɨԶյļһ
ԱߣʥŮĿ΢
ͬʱؽڵϣҲǶݣƫͷżȥ
һ̣ವƿԶգͬķʮ˵Ӱת۱طһΣϢǿ
΢һˣ

оʮ˵ǿ󣬸Ǵ𼶣һ
ʹɵ΢һȻֲܿά죬½𼶵ʦ⣬ܹҲʮȻһʮ˸ȼǿ߳嵽һһٳһ١
ͬһʱ䣬ʮ˸һʱǿŮԼʥŮ
ŮʥŮ
ҵˣ
£
һ̣죬ЩֱӸˣĿⶼŮʥŮϣͬһʱԶˣʥɱƺƵĳѹ¡
𼶵ѹӿ㣬ҪƬάضֱӴݻٵ
˺󡣡
Ů죬׷򷭹ʹòֱѹ䡣
Сʮʱǳǿ󣬵Ϊǻзǳһξ룬лᣬȥ
ʥŮ
Ż䣬Ҳ֣΢ϯŮʮ˸ѹϡ
ά򣬾ʥ磡
תۼ䣬ʮײһ˲طϯĻʥԡ


2451 辪ϲ
ʮ𼶵ǿսһʥ죬ѹʮ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ƬڲϺƬ̮顣
ŮʥŮоά򣬴˿һ֣սһʮ
գΨбѹһ;
ʮУĵ
ʮ˺һսˣǿŮʥŮ֮Ҳѹơ
Զн֯˿˿Ƶ΢⣬ά𶯣֮Ž֯תۼ۳һ貶Ŀ֮
ﬣ
ûκζĶֻ̧֣ؽ߶֮һǰ
ƻʮ˵ɱÿһɱǶ׼һ𼶵
ʮգſһ顣
ʮݣ΢ܣʮ˵ɱȫ顣
֮
ʮ˵Ŀϣе֮ϣһ˿ڡ
ͬʱŮʥŮҲݣĿǽе֮ϡ
ԭǶˣܹӦ𼶵ǿߣϾΪǻڲǴڣмǻһάңһ𣬸ҪԶһǿ
Ȼ˿̶֣˶ǶݣǱʵЩ¡
ʦҺһս
ǰ
񣬻ȫֻضսԶԶ޷ԳƶϣټѾάصά֮еǰЩ棬Ͳɵ
ˣ
ĽɫʥԽ֯άŮʥŮϡ
ȷ򣬿һ̶ǿ˵ʵ
ȷ֮ŮʥŮϣ˵Ϣʱ
תۼǿ
ƿˣ
Ů΢άصȷȻ֪

ͷҲӳԼϣʹüɢϢǿ
漴һ̣һһϼ䣬ֻۺͬʱӿֻϢϢ֯ʹϢʱøˡ
һʮ˸Ȼǲ˿Ĵ⣬ֱӼȫ
һ˲䣬棬ʮ˸붯ݡ
ֻأ
֮ǰǵЩֻض
ʮˣʱĿȫס졣
Ϊһǿߣߵȼ飬ֻȻ֪ұ޵֮
ƿЩֻأûʲôˣվƿزȫû˿塣
һĵ
ֻغܿ£޵ǣ˵ֻء
δƿصֻأȻãȴԳƲ޵С
һ̣Ըоĳֻؾɻ̫Զ̫ԶҲΪδܹƿֻأֻ΢ǾͲˡ
꣬ȻǵҲԼƿصֻأˣǵ£һ½緲֣οõͲܣ
ˣֻ½ԣ½ۺδȥĽɣپҲȥȾָ޴֪
Ϊ׵һ˿ڣᵽۺʱ΢¡
Ǵ壬飬ˣޱȸ֮߰ϣΪ½ûκ˿ɵһ壬Ȼʮ̤ƬصǸо˿־塭һʮ֮ǿ飬Ȼ̧־͸Ĩɱˣ޵еҲʮ
˵޾Ҳֻǿס˶ѣԺܿͻᱻ˼ڴ֮ǰҵٽƬѹ
뵽ۺЩеɱǺŨ뵽ʱһ̲ס߬߬֡
ʮ̤Ǳһ·ɱ½磬Ѱʮά֮ģȴǱĪֱֶӷά졣
ȥǵǰ۾ֶΣǽŭ
˵棬֣
ȫѹдã
ʮ
ʮ˹ʥƵһʱ佻֯ϵĿռȫ̡
޾ƺƵѹˡ
СЩ
Ů׺Ƶӭʮˡ
ʥŮһ֣ʥ編һ޾쫷ϯɸһС
һ̣Ĳ˵սǿսֱ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
ֻֻۣۣع˹һ𷭹˳ӺֻһƵҼ֮ʩչֻؽ޲𹥻ʮˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻزƬռһһӰӭʮ˵Ĺֻۺ֮棬ŮʥŮ
ȫΪﵽپά֧ţֻضʮսֽһһսͨѾ޾塣
ͨ޾壬ʱһʮ˸ȻûоɵȴԵúܽϾһ壬ﵽ𼶺Զһɱȣ֮ǰħҪǿ̫ˡ
һսʵвһֻػʽĹ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵Ĵײﲻʱ
գƬƬı١
ֶͨŮʥŮӭսʮ˸ŮʥŮǰں󷽸ԼٲߣһЩ߱вĹÿһζӭϡ
ʹʮĿ΢ȶǺ⣬ȻŮҲ΢ɣΨʥŮĿ΢һ˲µЩʲôŮһЩ߱вĹ©Сʮ
Ů΢Щ̫⣬ȴûжʣΪǳʥŮԶԶҪ˽죬Ȼô˵Ǿһԭ
£ףʥŮ໥ϣӭʮǰһЩµɱ£ɱȫ©죬ȥӦԡ
Ŀ΢֮ڣֻ֮֮źƵһŮʥŮʮһӭ©ʮɱ
¡¡ģҵĽ棬طĻ찵أ²ʮɡ
תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʦ˺󡣡
һ̣쿪ڣһԽŮʥŮһ̤ǰ
Ӣۣ޴Ķ
ʮУʮͬʱ֣ޱʥ볯ѹ¡
䣬⣬һƵʥƽ֯
һ̣һͻأһϢʮ˼ʥȫݻ٣ԶԶʮһ
㡭
ʮ˽Զݣһ̵ֱǱһˣǵϢ̫ǿˡ
ңΪҪǣһ̣ɢϢǵϢ
󷽣ŮҲǶݣһĻ
һ̵죬ĺӣȻɢϢңԶʮǿ
ǵľϲ
ʥŮº͵Ц
ǰ⣬ϢƵӿ
ͨʮĹһ̳ɱ
Է
ʮˣĵôĸ̧֣һȭ
̼䣬ȭЯ޾ɱת۽ʮû


2452 նɱħ
貶Ŀȭ⣬Ұʮռȫ֡
һʮɫ䣬ȫǿķĻӭϵֵ
Ȼȴ˿ҲãķĻ̼Ǳȫݻ١
һ̣ɱ֮⣬ֱһû
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
Ѫһըʮȫ飬Ψ걣δ
Ȼδһʱ𣬵ǣЩȴһģ˥˼㣬ʱ޷ؾۡ
ʲô
ô£
ʮ˸־ŭĿ죬Ŀĺ⡣
һ½ķ֣ȻͻأǵϢұǻǿ
ŮҲǲ⣬¶ɫɵÿʥŮ֪ʥŮһ֪
ͨڿɳܵķΧڣɽԼϵĹۻɱķȥ
ʥŮŮ꣬Ͷάأͨڻɢȥ󣬼䷵ص˱֮ڣԣȻ֪ͨ
ŮԣɵöݣڿɳܵķΧڣɽԼϵĹۻɱķȥһ˵ǳĿºͿֲʱ򣬿ԷӳЧΪһھɱﵣ
ͱ磬ǰһս
ʱ䣬ԾԷһȭһսѾǿս֡
һߣʮ˸ҲʥŮĻҲǸǶݡ
ѹ֣ѹӭҵȵĹһ˺յķ֣
ɨˣĮ΢һĿ̼Ǵͷ䡣

ڵ鷢һҽУֱӱķ顣
ʮ߸ݣŭ
һ𼶵Ȼôһپ½ɱˡ
ˣ
һҧ
췽ŵľԷ֮£ǻȴǷǳǿȻһİάʿҲܶв
ӵˣ
һֱӴӲ֮ϺƺƵѹ䡣
͵ģʣµʮ߸飬ת֮Ǳƥȫ顣
ط˲Ǽž
ŮʥŮ˹ȥ죬˿ҲĿ֮ʡ
ʮ˸ܿ£ǿŮ֮ҲܹѹƵʮ˸ˣһʼûʤĻᣬȻȴȻһȭʤ
ǫЦƫͷǧһɽȥ˾ܣ
Ż䣬̧֣άֱ֮֮һն
וּһ֮նĽâټ죬תۼնǸط

ƿգһħâӰԻ
Ȼħ档
ŮʥŮ붯ݣħ澹ȻӣǾȻȫûв
ǧ⣬ħ涯ݣһУŮǿ߶Է֣һҲԷ֣һֱڿսųûѹ죬ȴû뵽һʮ˸ȫնˡ
Ϊ˶ľսֱֳֺӱ׼뿪ȴǲ룬쾹
Լѷ֣ôܷ֣
ôģ
ȻܿħʲôĮĵΪҵֻǰ裿
ֻһûʱսȻûʲôܴƣȴáֻѾƿص˳ɣ£ֻǱøǿˣĿ͸һУħοֻ֮ˣܣڶԷʱѾ˶Է
ֻǣ֮ǰʮһսʱûдħ档
ʮնֵħˡ
ֻأ
ħɫֻۣһҧֱӺƵħâԶȥ
ܹ죬ټŮʥŮǿ֮ǰŮ˼صˣȻǲ졢ŮʥŮֻǶܡ
ߣֻزһ˲ǽħ£֮ն¡
һսԸһ𣬵Ըڵ㣬㹻ˡ
ĵ
һǴ壬սΪ£ʵӭһûѿȡʤǣԸȫҲǰŮشħ棬õ
ﬣ
Х̶֮ħƵǱˡ
СҪ̫ˣûŮʥŮһԣһָ㣡
ħ溮
֮ǰ֪ͨͨĹ£ǣ֮ǰŮʥŮռ濹һʮں׼ʱɱ˷ųɹûŮʥŮ˿⣬Ϊ̧־Ϳѹ졣
Կ
ĵ
Ż䣬ԣ֯Ƹ׺ʣ⣬ƣԻرһŶһճ⣬˿˿ƵԾ
һĻʹħ治һͫ͵Ϊ֮һ㣬㡭
ͬʱŮʥŮǶݡ
ףƣľʥ磬ף顭ȫƿˣʲôʱ£ʥŮĿⲨ˶ٺʲôǡ֮ǰȫʱǸʱ͡
֮ǰһطӡάľάȷԻڣӦǸʱƿ˳־ά
ŮиǾâտտ־ϲ
άľάȷķʮƿһ֣ĺӣŵپάûñǾͽ־άȫƿصˣǸˡ
ħҧ־ֿ֣άԹֻۺƿеľά쾹ȻҲˡһ̣죬Լ󿴵ۺӰһʱ궼ٴζߣ˿ͣ١
ವһƵħâֱ˺պڶ̤ʧ
Įֻۿ͸һС
ˣ
ϣ־άԾе֮۶ȥ漴άİְάԻάά¶άά֯άάάάһ֣Ծ֮
̼䣬һĽƴе֮ϺƵѹ¡

ĵôһֻ̧֣֣ۿУƽһն¡
˲Ϣ䣬մħ汻֮ǿ˳˫ĵɴţ۵һ飬һ֮ըҲһն
طһʱ䳹ױüž
Ů޾£ʱɵõ˵Ŀ󵱼¶ϲı顣
ܰ
˹ȥ§죬˵ĺܡ
ħȻ֮ǰشôҲһ𼶱ǿ򣬿ȴȻбһ͸նˣĸ׵Ȼǳ
Сʮ
ʥŮҲڡ
ǫЦһ㶼
漴˶٣ڵʦչһСʱ䣬ֻء


2453 ֻѻ
ȫ⣬ΪﵽپΣ񣬶ֻһϵĸ˲ٵ룬һ׼չһСʱ򣬽ֻĸһЩ
ڴˣŮʥŮȻ޳ɡ
һܿ£Ҫʤһʤʮֻֻܿء
£һ뿪ṳ́һƬȽεɽ䡣
ѰһɽߣŮʥŮΪ֮ǿʼ
ˣ
˿˿ƵĹԽֻ֯عƣʥ嫺ϡ
ʱƣֻعԽԽŨ
תۼ䣬¹ȥ
ºľüΪǿʢΪڴﵽ۷壬ƿʮԶɹһֵ췣»ص֮ǰĵطٴβֻء
ת¹ȥֻعűüΪŨһ죬ֻһƿص˾ųɡ
ҲʱʶͻأһƬ嫵ʴ磬䣬ʱɳأʱѪӿʱХʱҡֻ治ϵתģƬ嫵ʴڣһ޴ĥԻڲ֮ϻת
ضڣ֧ŴصתԶϢ
һ˲䣬ԺһãɬĸоУƺ־ϲĶʶΪ֮ڣʹž
ʴڣ޴ĥתϻ졣
ƿҥ

һ̣ʴ罥ģɢʶػص˫ۡ
亹һεδϻ䣬嶼ɵ΢΢һƬ
ôˣ
ŮʥŮݣͬʱӭ˹
һһ˲ǿڣû¡
û£
Ůü
ţķӦЩ쳣
ʥŮҲ졣
ûУû¡

ֻƿصųɣֻһɣҲ׶ΣһڴԻضʹ˴ɵֻΪλᱻ޵С
ֻڴͲɵ÷궼顣
ǵһ컻أĥҲֻһ䡣
ֻƿ˾ųɵֻأ޷ʩչģֻнֻɲС
û¾ͺá
ŮĻı飬ȻЩɻ󣬲ȴҲûжʡ
ڳأ
ʥŮʵ
룬ȽΪͻƵά
Ϊﵽ۷壬ֻһС̨׾Ϳ̤άһ̤ȥսһԵԣȽΪά
ԴˣŮʥŮȻͬ⣬Ѿ֪̣֪ڵάصĴڣ׶ΣһΪﵽάΣȫ˵Ļڵά֮ս½ǲ
֮󣬶һͨҲնɱ
ˣ̤άȻǺȷѡ
£Ϊ커طչ
ˣ
ֻľת˿˿Ƶľɫʥ֯ʼǿ
ˣʱһΣתۼ䣬¹ȥ
ºһ죬Ϸ˵һһоʹ˿
µʱչأһķ֮ϣһ̤뵽˾άΡ
ȫ⣬ٶȡ
ʥŮ̾
һʱ䲻ԼκεĵرڴﵽάٶȣȻǵۣҲԶԶȲϣʵĲࡣ
䣡
ڲ֮ϱ
֮ڣɫ⣬ͬһͷͷŭ㣬š
Ϣǵض¡
һΣû뿪طŮʥŮ˳㹻ľֱӱطʼɾά١
䣡
׷ѹ¡
ֻؽȡŶɽ٣׷һ䣬ֱȥպǽ
߲ɫ۶ؾ۳ֻؽ߲֮ȹ̾άΪ
ܿ죬һӹȥ߲ɢȥ
ֻ̧֣ؽؾ۶ԱԴʶӼһʱǸо˵ǰԼǿԶپʱȣһ޴ʱ䡣
ڵάأñ֮ǰǿˡ
ã

ʱΪﵽάȫĻڵάأǶһͨҲ˿޾壬һսնɱ
ʦ
ڣԶŮʥŮҪ̤ȥһȴǺһֻؽֱһ֯ƬֻؽԶ
һۻǧԶգӰ˳
ҶһӪ
żǿϢһ˿ڵ
쿴ˣüͷ΢壬ŮʥŮ
ޣ棬񡣡
ԶŮʥŮݡ
ˣֱΪߡ𣬶Ǿά
£
Ůɫƽ
ˣûʲôøУˡħԼһѾһ̤ʱ˲޾ǰλߴܵľʾԴԾάͨʮŻӶһ̤Ҿά
˵ŵսΪ⼸˶
ԱߣʥŮ鵭ĮûøС
λǰȷʵǵĴһʼʶˣǣѾҲΪУЦŮʥŮһ̤ΪάǰսҾӦúһս
ǰĴѾʶˣҲ벹ȡҲЦۺʮǣסʮھΪȡսʱ䣬ڣӦһӦһ˵һЩıػսһƣδûлὫһ
ŮУǿǵʤеġ߿ڣһЦͬʱҲ¶ЩΣԴͨʮŻǿû뵽ʾģǣǡ̾ϢҪ̤άȫſİ
ŮʥŮһЦϵűøŨһЩ
ŮʥŮһۣ΢
ȻûкøУȷʵǾάǰսһϣһսȷҪȷɢսҪЩ
λǰ￴
ʱͻȻڡ
ߡʶı㳯￴ȥ
漴һ˲䣬˵Ŀֻۣ΢㡭
һ˲䣬һӭֻۣʱ
⣬˿˿Ƶֻع⽻ֻ֯ʩչѻ
֪ʮǱ⼸˴򿪣˺ܲģԾųɵֻǿѻꡣ
һڱֻǿѻҴо˵ѹ֮
ʩչڻӦԼȡ֮ڵļ䡣
һۣ߸ȥߡ΢ѿֻѻ־ŭĿ𺳣ֻۣƿֻأ
Ҳʱߣ̧־һĽâͬʱС


2454 Ϊ
âᵴȥߡȫС
˶ݣͬʱˣܿһ
󱲣ʲô

˿죬ŭȵ쾹ȻͻأǶ֡
ŮʥŮĿ΢ǿ졣
֪첻Ե޹ʶ֡
첻˵ʲôֱһξӻֻǿʶѰļ䣬Ȼ뼸̸ѰŮʥŮװŮԼʥŮˣس˲ѹˣԴһǿԳΪһĳԱһ£塣
һĻߡ䶯ݣǱɫ
㡭
־ŭĿ죬ô֪£ǵľذ
ŮʥŮǶŭн¶⡣
ǰħ棬ǣһĻ˶
Ů䣬֮ϣһʱƵȫС
޾ǰ˾άĹǰǰʹܵľʾԴͨʮŻһ̤ʮ򣬾ά޾ѣҲʱŻв񣬸ͬħ밵ǣҪͶһ

һ۴źڵɱ⣬׹ѹ¡
Ůס
ҽеһʱ䴫׺Ƶֻһ˲ѣ顣
ͬ꣬Ҳһ
ϧ
Ů
첻ɵõ˵ۣƯĸĶŭˣսȻֲȻһ˲Ĩɱߡ
Լֻ˾أΪﵽ˾ά֣һԼǰսȫûˣ˲ͱĨɱˡ
Ȼǿ󡣡ŮŮڣֿ죬һΣǶСʮǵϵ֮ǰһַ֣һ˵ֻ۵ڷǿѰ˵ʶ
ţߡдԼ߸ʧ񣬶֪˵ǵȾأֻѻ֪Ǹʱֻ۵ǿѰʶ󣬶Ѱǵ¡
ͷشǵʦ
ŮеŭɢȥЦ§죺ҵĺӣ
Ц˵ʲôͻȻ䣬һԶٳŮǰ
ʥ΢һʧ
Ůݣ¶һƼɫȥߣ
ԣʥŮŶݣλ
ߣ
ŮЩһ˵طȥ
ʹ΢ɣλĸ׺󣬻ǵһμĸ¶ɫ˶٣ʵʲôǣ
һλ㸸סĸסԼʦҪԶܶĳ֮أ˳ΪˣӵĵطиߡŮԼԱߣʥŮŽͣ꣬㸸׶ܹλߵĶݡһ̤ΪһЩԭλ˸δս˺ܶƣԷһ֣ڡ
ԣݡ
ĸĸʦʦﻹҪԶңĸй飿
˲ΪԼĸ¶˼ɫ
ԼĸڸߵĽƿ챻ƿˣŵǵӦǴӸߴԮϢ
£Ҳͷ΢ɫóҵ
ϾǿǶĸ׺ĸ׶йǰҲǶһҶж
ŮԼʥŮһٶȼ죬Ů˺ѿռŻ۷弶ʵоάأúһ̵ɳĮǰֱ̤뵽ɳĮġ
ȥɳĮУռȫˣǲһ㣬ռѷ죬ԿƺһƬС磬Ÿֹľɽ֯Ǵ󲿷ֶˣŷǳ˵ʥܲӸϢǳŨ
Ůû˵ʲôǰ
ʥŮں档
ܿ죬СڣǰһɽȣΧƷ࣬󲿷Ѿưܣվһߣ԰ףɫɫأڵߵӰĹž˵Ϣһ
¡
׺ƵŮһʱǶݣޱֱѹ䡣
߸ȫС
ǵһʱ֪ˣߵǶĸжΪˣһ֣ͬľ׷ԻŮľ׷һˡ
ͬʱʥŮҲһ֣ʥ編Ƶӿѹˡ
ߴݣնƬ⣬ͬʱܣ˳ȥ֮Զ
˭
һĵ
ͬһʱ䣬֮ڣΪ˶ݣصɫһ˲һء
ǰû°ɣ
ŮʥŮ죬һ˲ƣɽڡ
ģȻ⴩ж
ǰ겻
ʥŮҲڡ
Ϊ˵ΪھάŮʥŮԴǸ⣺ң꣬鷳ˡ
Ůҡͷǰ̫ˣ鷳
ʥŮҲڣλάߺ𾴡
ԱߣԶݣڲ֪Լĸ׺ʦңꡣ
ŮʥŮ
𣬹⣬⣬һ߸˿ڣĿŮʥŮ
һ˿Ůĵ֮ǰ͸оĽϢȻйأ
ɽ⻹ЩƴڣŮûдˣǿɽȸΪ˵СѾͷûܵɣ
û£µĽƻδȫƣѾͷҲûܵӰ͸š
ΪЦɫºͣͬҵүү
Ǿͺá
Ůȫ˿˶٣ԱΪΪˣֺΪ˽졣
ǰ
칪дɫء
ǵһμ棬λ˿סĸסʦʦصˡ
Ϊ˶ݣĿϣֽдԵľɫ
Сĺӣʲôʱ£
˳Ծ֮ǰɴδ֪¡
³ͻȻΪһЩԭǽ͵أֱǰŴصϾά
Ů͡
ˣ죬ǿԼһдźŨĹúӣúӡ
֮⣬һߴɫһŮǣʥŮΪ˺Ҳǡ
񲻾һȺ֮ͽ
һ˱ĵƬɱâ֯ƺƵĳŹĽն¡
ƬĽƹâţȴڽ䵭ȻܿҪơ
ŮƫͷˣĿ䣬׽֯Ž֮ȥ

ʱס
ŮĿ΢𣿡
ʥŮҲǶݣΪ˸ɫ΢䡣
С֣Ҫ嶯
Ϊ˵óΪֻǲžάζѣˣɸ𼶣ΪϵĲ̫޴һ󾳽硣


2455 Ҧ
ǰû£зִ硣
Ϊ˵Ů
Ů˶٣һָһûüģǴнƵķ
ͷ߸һۼ̤֮⡣
һ߸Ϣǿ죬нԽ֯â
Ǹ˵ĺˣһ˿ڣЩɭ£
ţߴȻŮĻ֪ۺŮĺ¶ΪŨĺ⣬ʮ֮⣬ʹ޵ľۡ
¡һʥֱӱһ˶֣ץ¡
޴ķ֣

άΪ𼶵鿹⣬ͼһսߣ
Į˫ͫ˲仯ۺֻͬһʱǿʮսֻضһʱתңõĲһԻ
һ̣ʧԭأ۵˲ɲǼƶֵֻغ֮ͬʱ֯ȭˣʩչֻȭ
˵һǿʢһȭٶȿ켫ֵܣһȭͷ­֮ϡ
ۣ
ѪŽ˵ͷ­һʱըŰɫԽնǡ
ͬʱ컯ȭΪƣָֻع⽻֯һѽԷץסѹ
ȹֻһ˲ɣطʱ˶ɫά죬һ˲ǻһ𣬽ֱѹˡ
ңһ£һΪҲͫ׽һ
ֻֻۣأ
ΪˣĿ⼸ֻϣֻعϡ
죬ƿֻأ
䣡
죬ѹס걬âҪѿ
Ȼȴá
⣬ƽ֯ʹֱӷһƺߡ
֣ſ
棬ӽһ
̫ˣ֮䣬ȻƿֻأԾάεΪȻתۼѹ֮еһˡ
ĮӭˣʲôҲûУֻع˹⽻֯ƷŨάȷҲͬһʱ佻֯ѹȫ֣һûԷڡ
ͣ
һ죬굱顣
ɽڣΪ˵ĿⲻɵòȻƿеľάƿֻأһ𼶵ȻԾάεΪ͸ɱˡ
Сĺˣʵ͵СһС
˸п
ŮЦԼĺӱԼص佱ȻԵúܸˣ˶ٺ˵ʦ
˱΢ŮֿһԵʥŮ̲סЦΪۣʦΪðð
ɽ⣬⣬һΪɱһ˶ŭŮĻ֪컹ĵӣһʱøӾŭеĺŨ
ˣ
һҧ򵥵֣أɱⶼŨ
˵һһʹ۰ʹ޵ˣǸɾ
ۺʹȴֿ־壬죬۵ĺˣĵӣһʱ䣬ۺʹޣȫת޵ϣɱ¶
䣡
˵ʥһʱƵѹ֯ƺƵѹ졣
˵쫷磬ĺƵһƬƬա
Ǹо˾˵ѹȴ˿޾塣
ֻز˷۵˲һμһγһ֮ͬǰ㣬ͬһȭŶԷͷ­䡣
ӵĶΪ֮ǰ͵Ϯã
麮ƫͷ֮Ϊֱն졣
Ȼһ̣Ӱȴһʧ˲һμ˲˵һʹܣ񱩵һȭȵ˵ͷ­֮ϡ
۵һѪݺᣬ̧֣һѽ˵гѹС
ſ
ͬʱǰ
ƫͷֻ΢ʹ̼һĿʱǱ
Ҳʱ̶ХӶֻؽֻع˹⣬Ͼ־άһڽâС
ۣͬʱâᴩ
һѹһ꣬һֻ۳ά֮
ˣ϶͵һᴩѹŵڡ
͵һʱ䣬飬ά֮һն
ҲʱֻӰͬʱعݣһһɱˡ
࣡
һɱ̹ǡ
Į֮϶
·
ֻô֣һ̣սȫά֮ڣ֮еάȷ򣬽ͬʱС
䣡
䣡
䣡
ǿʢʥطƵһս壬תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱ䣬ѪˮϽУһһ飬̱նɱڽ¡
תۣʣһˡ
ҧŭˣս壬̧Ⱦߡ
ֻǣԼάغֻϵ죬˸ӲˣȻ֮Ҳûãֻȫһɱ
һʱ䣬طʱޱȵİ
ǡ
ΪĿⲻסĲԾάΪʱն߸
սУǵͬΪۺҲ
⣬ɢ֮һ̤عڡ
߸һսǲһԼǰǿսǺ⡣
ΪάأҪɱһͨѾѡ
ڣ䲻⹥䲻£ĿǰΪֻۺۣҲɱһ

Ů佱
ǿ
ʥŮЦ
Ϊ˿죬пη
Цվһԡ
ŮĽ£ˣǰȥСѾͷ
Ϊ˵ͷ´Ůȥ
һԣЩ棬滹иСѾͷ˭
λĸ׺ܹĶԷ
Ϊ˴·ܿⷽɽǰ¶һƬ˱ǣĴһ壬ԼߣоȻһȹСŮ
СŮԼң۵ܿɰʹԶݣĸ׿еǸСѾͷȥȻͬʱεɻҪƯܶ࣬Ҫǳˣܺȡ
СŮߵǰСŮЩۣʱܽ
ɡΪ̾ЩһֱŬϧûа취
ʥŮûпڣ΢̾¡
ʥŮ½ǣСʵʦǡʲô
һĻʵЩ档
ʥŮ£СŮΪǰŮҦСһʱĸһȥһѣĸƴСһͳ򣬵ڵһȴСһڣϲʳСһıԴ㸸׺ʦûа취ֻŲڵƬƷסСһڵҵ֮


2456 δޣ
ʦ͸׶ˣ
춯ݡ
ʦ͸жǿȻûۼӴҲ֪һȻǰֲһҲΪ־壬ֻʮܹʤˡ
ǣǰǿʦ͸ףȴȻСŮڵ
ʥŮͷΪǰδ뿪ԭ򣬱һֱСΪС뿪ػͬʱҲŬѰҽСķϾСһֱ֮ڡ
Сǰĸ׵Ĺϵǳãʤĸ;ĸ档
˵
쵱ȻѹԼĸСŮԭǰϵôĺá
˶٣
Ż䣬УһƵֻصƽ֯һֻۣڵСȥǿСһѪɫסԴһԴ֮ڣһ־ֹȻΪԼŲʱ
񡭡
ü
ŮʥŮΪ˿ֻۣȻҲ֪ǵ
㸸ǰ˵ǳк͵֮һֶӦԲˣֻʱԵס
Ů̾
춯ݣղֻۿʱ;⣬֪еκǳԭʼке֮⣬Ȼˡ
ȻˣȴҲ֯˿˿Ƶ΢⡣
ȻֻһָоǣҾãҺԽĥ
˵
⻰һŮΪ˺ʥŮɫ
С֣ģ
Ϊ־ϲ
ۺԽ£а취
ԣ
ŮҲʵ
ʥŮҲǿ죬Щȡ
ԡ
ͷ
˵ţߵСǰ˶٣һһƵֻع⾶ֱڽֻۣ֮֯ڵСӿȥ
ⲻֻͨع⣬ֻرԴ
ֻۿԷڵӱԼֻرԴӦÿĥǡ
ֻۿСڵֻرԴѹЩ
һƵֻرԴϴӿСڵѹȥڴϵ˲䣬𶯣ڿ⣬ܿǿʼʼĥ
У

Ȼ²ֻرԴԾԵѹƺĥЩ
£ֻرԴһӿСڣʹòڶԷԴĥңӿԷԴ֮ڵǵҲһһ顣
ˣת۾ʱȥ
ʱʱ䣬˺ֻܶرԴǽСڵȫ飬ЩֻرԴջءֻرԴĥ˶Էڵȴûоʹɢ
ˡ
˵
áˣ
ΪЩ⣬ŮʥŮҲ⣬ʶ̽Ѱ֣ȻСԴǵ׵ʧˣҲ̽Ѱ
ˣ
˾ȶϲΪˣĿļ
ҲʱڣСƤ˼£۾˿
һͬʯͫףʾЩʣܿ

Ϊ˾ϲŮʥŮˣŮֱ֣ӽƿС
Сһþòˡ
ƿСŮԵ÷ǳˣСѾ̫̫ˡ
Сʱ󣬴˿̱ŮţһҲûб˺ܾõˣʯĴ۾峺ĺܣСֻŮĲӣԵúǿģס
쵱ۣҡףʲô
һ˲һ̱ǾȻ뵽֮ǰʥŮ˵Ļʱͺĸ׹ϵãʤĸףĸһˣƺҲֻһǵı֣˵ҲǺ¡

Ϊ˼ѣŮнӹС۾вɵⷺ
ŮͱܶԲԣȫ֧ٴοڣٴζˣܲ
үүޡ
СʱһֱδɳҲֻģȴǺܳ죬С֣СΪ˲лˮ
Ǻǰһԡ
ʥŮЦʱô꣬СָˣȻҲǷǳĸˡ
̡
СʥŮؽе
һԿţǾԣСŮȷʵܹɣᣬ󷽡
ʱΪСǰΪС죺죬ĥڵ㣬׵ĺӡ
С죬ʯĴ۾һЩϵ㣬ǳƯ
ߵǰ֣Լ˫ּ䣬СԴ죬۾Ե÷ǳ峺ǸСӰ㣺лл
סŵһ£৵һ½ֳ˻

⡭ʲô
ŮʥŮΪˡ
ʥŮЦ֮ǰû˵С׹ϵãǰһˣʱ˵ҵĺкӣͼΪޣҲȻͬ˵ģ㸸ҲûЦô˵أСδޡ
ۣŮ
£
ŮһҲûоò˼Цȷʵδޡ
˫۵ɵĸ˼֣ǾСʱˣʱ˵ĻҲ棿
ڲ֮ǰΪγƺĸΪףǲΪǹϵãԶϱݺģ
Ȼˣʱ˵ĻЦĵġŮССԴЩʱȢ
ֻͷҪˣ֣꣡Ҫ֪Ȣ˸СŮҵģ
ɾʹˣϸ˵Сʱ򣬻ûأֻЩ걻ûгɳѡŮֵңʦ˵ˣǼλﶼǷǳġ
ƽʱ˭᣿
ʱһЩ֪ģһ㲻ˡ
СʮԣǺܾǰͶµ£зݣǵȢңСǸӣ¹ʥŮڣЦ˵ʦҲΪ㶨¹һ£ǹǽŶİɣܶæ֮һȢˣλﵱҲʦ֪ģ˵֪ʦΪ㶨µ£ʵѾеһˣһġ
ſڣеޡ
¡
ͻȻ˵ʥ𶯣ƬСҡطֱһѷ죬ͬһ㡣
漴һ̣Ǻ¡һ統ʼ̮
ʱɫ΢ŮҲü
뿪
Ů
£ŮСһͬʱתۼ뿪Ƭ磬ɳĮ䡣
ǰʮӰվһ𣬸żΪ˵ϢΪ׵һΪǿߣϢΪˡ
ʮ
Ů΢


2457 µ
쿴ʮΪ׵һˣĿҲ΢
Ҳ𼶱ΪһϢ϶ԣȴǺ֮ǰЩذĲǿ̫ˡ
ʥŮһԿڣͳĵһʮ֮£ʮµˣֱųƵһڶڰھ͵ʮ˵һ͵ڶ㸸׺ʦУ˻ڣǿԶһɱȡ
˵⻰ıء
һĵʮڵǶ֣ȻǿŮҲǺް취
ҺͻסСΪǰһ뿪
Ů졣
һǿ˵ǰʮȻǰʮҲսǿֵһ»ǿԵģΪ졢Ϊ˺Сȡʱ䡣
ʥŮʥŮȻףǰһ˿˿ʥ⻷ƶ
һԾԷԸ֮ǰ
ҡͷȻԸ뿪
飬֮ǰЩʵĲ࣬θ̫ˣľԷá
Ůҡͷ
ô֪

Ż䣬ˣֻۺͬʱά֮еάȷԻƺƵĳŶԷѹȥҽһ֡
ֻأ
ʮһ鶼ǴھάΣʱ򣬽Ϊ֮ݡ
ʮ΢øЩҲʲôֱӱгƬĹν֯һĺῪʹŵŵɺ˳ȥʮɡ
ŮʥŮ˹Ϊ˴СҲǳǰ
û¡

˵⻰Ŀء
һĵʮЩֲĿǰȫ״̬ĻϾάΪųɵֻأټڵάأȻȫǶ֡
ŮҪ嶯ⲻ潻ս
ﬣ
ʥâǽʮ֣Ƭʥ⽫һȫ֡
ǰȴСˡ
ŮΪ˵͵Ϊ˺С͵棬׷ӭϵʮ
ʥŮ⣬ʥ編ƣŮһ֣ޱʥŷӿ
־ά򣬺ƺƵ䵽ʮǰϵգƬ
֮һҲ֣еάȷһչ֣ά֮նһĽĥС
ʮһҲӵĮֻ΢䣬ֱӱĥС
żȻƬ򣬸ӦмϢͻأɢе룬ŮʥŮ˷ֱ֮޺֮ޣֵңû뵽ǣȻطһƿֻص࣡
¡һ⣬ʥԻδȴгƬʥѹˡ
춯ݣǳеʥֶΣֻӺ˴ٲӭϡ
ͬʱŮʥŮһ֣ͨһչʮ
ֻǣȴûκá
еĹڵʮǰʱתۼ㱻ԷϢ顣
ǣмֵ
ʮڣĮ߸ϵĵޱߵʥ⻯ʥܴӡֱץ졢ŮʥŮϵȫȫѹơ
˶֣ͬʱǿͨӭȻһʱȴеЩǱ
ʵǵʮ̫ǿˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ƿ֮ŵʮʮ鶯ˣŵʮѹ졢ŮʥŮΪ˺Сʥѹʮ
Ϊ˴ھάͷһʱӭϢ磬һľάǿߣǼΪˣʮȲεһ֣ΪȻھά۷壬ȴҲǸУת֮ǿʼˣޱߵϢƺƵѹ䣬Ϊ˺СһУźڱɱ
ƫͷ˲˲Ϊ˺Сǰֻ΢ʹʮά鵱ֻɱ֮Уûκ֢״ҽУһ˲ȫԵ
˵꣬Ǳֻɱĥ顣
û°ǰ
Ϊˡ
û£á
ΪЦʮϹ£Щˣȴǲء
СһϮȹͬ׹䷲Сʹ㣬֣лл
죬۾ǳƯ峺һҲûкºܾģ
𣡱з

С΢ƫСԴǣǷ
Ҽֱǡ
ôСŮԼɵøоԼǸޡ
ʵһЩģСӡС⣬ʮ꣬ܳŮӴСʱȢˡ
ΣʲôСȻһӾͿ˳
¡
ʥܷӿǰŮʥŮٵʮĹϵıˡ
ΪǰС뿪ִ
Ůٴδ
СʮߣʥŮҲڣ뿪Ǹ
ǲԸ⣬Ϊ˵ǰȴС뿪
ȻΪǴھάȴ𼶵սΪȴʵʵֻоάսطʵ𲻵˿á
ˣ뿪á
˭Ҳߡ
Į𣬵ʮڣնʮάͬɫûκα仯˿ķŭͺ⡣
ڣӿʥϯϢֱϰ˻ġ
ңͬһʱ䣬ʥӿƺƵĳһѹ䡣
커סΪ˺СӶеά֮ӭ
ͬʱͷԵޱȳأüͷҲʮʵЩ£ֻվԭأƾ־ƣʵ̫ǿˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ƬĻĮ䣬ĵˮһ͡
ͻأ͵һɢϢʼڽ
գ۶ѣƺһɽ˰㣬ʥŲϵıը
ʱ䣬ݣ־ϲ̧ͷŻĮ⿴ȥ
Į⣬һѩףϢĳ֣һѣһ߳
ͬʱʥŮݣ£
£Ůһǿ£Ŀϣǡ
ʥŮ֪˹άص£Ȼ֪¡
ʱĿϣǾȣϲ
Ķϱ
ң
ƯСͬʯĴ۾ɵգ£Ҫȵˡ
ѣһϮѩףŮ·ʹⷽĮΪĳֶԵ˼֡
ǰڰάشﵽάٺɵ˺̤˾ά죬ƾڵֻرԴоλڣʱе
ʮƫͷĿϣûжĻֱһƬɱâϯȥ
ʥԣٶȿˣתۼն޾ңԶ䵽½ǰ


2458 ʮά
ʥԱ䣬ɱϢʮռ䡣
ѣûκһ˿仯
һ̣΢һԣֱһƽʥĵķ顣
̫ʱС¡
Ц
µپά죬ֻضɽ죬һ̣ս˲ٱ
Ŀͣû˵ʲôЦŵͷ
ֻضɽ쳹ƬĮ䣬ԭʼʥϴسס
ƫͷ¿ʮ΢
ˣֻأһ˲ʧϣһ̳ڵʮǰ򵥵һȭѹ¡
ˣ
һ죬һΣֻǼ򵥵ĳȭɵĲȴǱ֮ǰǿ̫ˡ
ʮ΢һζˣ̧ӭһȭ
תۼ䣬ȭײһϵĿռȫ
һƺߣʮ𿪣ʮԶ
һĻʹŮΪ˺СԶݡ
⡭
Ů¶ɫ֮ǰʥŮ죬˺ʮȫκβ˶ԷԷʼնδһ£ȴȻƵĵʮˣңһȭ佫µĵʮˡ
ˡʥŮ¶Цµ˽⣺СʮֻرԴΪСʮֻضֻضɽֻСʮʩչСʮֻضֻضɽʹСʮ֮ǰǿٱ
Ůݣ֮ǰɲ°

ΪҲǳԾ
һ˵Դرʩչǿٱս£Ȼھά֮ڣҲֻۺõ
СʯĴ۾Ե㣬΢Щһ˲˲Ŀ¡
䣡
ԶʥܺʮסΣ¿죬ӱһЩ
ĿҲԶѵ¡
ܽˣǣܲ
ĵ
һ̣仰ֻǶ˵Ƕ˵ġΪΪﵽȲΣֻһ۾ܿͻ䣬ֱӵĹϵ
ĿϣгƬʥӰ֣һγնȥ
ͻǺйأĳսЧķȽĨ
ʥӰܼٲȻһھ˵Ĵͨٶȷǳ죬;һ
֪Էڴʲô⣬ּ佻ֻ֯ؽֻ֮⣬͵ĽʮܼʥӰȫ飬תɢ
漴һ̣ˣ΢˲һγڵʮǰ֮ͬǰǰ㣬һȭ¡
ˣ
һƬһƬ
ֻضɽֻضϣĸʵһ̶ǿٱ֮࣬ȫĻڵάأȫ޾ʮ
ʮü޹ӭһȭûκδ⣬̧ӭϡ
Ǿɱ㡣
Įϣ֣Ҳһȭ
ײһ˵һֱӽһƬƽɫ
ֻֻɱͬʱһƬֻѪ
ģֻѪӿƿһС
ʮ걻ֻɱУޱߵĶ飬Įһ˲ǽֻɱ飬һӭԺѹֻѪ
͵һֻѪ
΢ʮȻ£
ﬣ
Уά֮۶˵Ʊøˣһն
һ֮󣬸άȷһӭϡ
ʮݣһ˫붯ⷨӡݻһͷʥԹӭȥ
޺أʵ㣬һͺһϣӭά֮͸άȷһײһ



ܵգƬƬıһʱ䣬ɳϯһѺۡ
ûκͣ٣ӭŵʮٴζˣά֮ƿصάȷһ۵ά֮У֮ʩչԴֻؽͨ
ֻؽһ㽻֯ÿһâƶ׻ͨ
һĻʹŮĿⲻɵò
ȹƣ̫ˣԶȲϡ
ĵƮƬĮ䣬ûκβһǣʥŮ֪һ֮Ѿ֪ȵʹʱɱ䡣
á
ĿĿ˸
ºվԶֻضɽƮĿʼϡ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ʥܲϴƬĮϵưܡ
սһĵʮµֻضɽΪȻֻǲŴھά磬ȴȫԷˣڵֻضɽάȫ˺ʮһս
ˣ
ɵֻͼȻΪʱΥʩչ
ʥϢһʱƵסİ죬ѹʮ
ʮü˫ӡͷۻԵɱն¡
ײĻ֮⡣
ֻǣƽɫ
ͷ΢ʮȻ£ԭսԻɱһˣڣµֻضɽټڵά֮ͶԷһսʱȻҲûȡƣֻսƽʵľ
ڰľĵʮ𺳣һȴʮ⣬ڵʮǿߣһĨɱ񣬶ôһžάʿȴȻȥôöδѹ
Ӧ˵ܹƿֻصˣһķȣʵ𡣡
죬ʮĮĵ
Ҳһǿ̫̫࣬˵һʵĲࡣ
ƽĵ
ʮɶһ̣ٴζˣ໥Է
ҵĽ棬һ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˶ʥݺᣬײѪˮһƬƬķɽ
ѪҲеʮѪ
תۣʱȥ
࣬ȷʵǿ󣬷ǳǿ󣬼ǿ󣡵ʱǿǵۺѾˣ
һ죬ʮڣĮڣһ˿˿Խֲ֯һɫɫ໥֯һʱɢһֻķ򲨶
ȲһϣȴֻάȷԱû
ʹ쵱ݡ
ǡʮά򣿣
ͬһʱ䣬ŮʥŮҲݣǸоȷĿֲ
̫ǿˣ
졣
ʮĵĵ۾һ
һ˲оüȱԼûпҲܴһȴȻĪһֿϡҪϢĸоڵѪˮʥȣͬıѩһ㣬һ̿ʼ̣ʶˡ
ʹݺҧֻ𶯣ޱֻعڱ֣ԷķϢſһκ˳ȥԶ
ʮ΢һĨֻ֮أδ޵ɣ˵߱κƣȴ
ûаѻ˵꣬һζ֣ɫʥԽ֯򲨶ڣ֮ǰӿǿ֮࣬һεѹ졣


2459 ƯҲƯ
춯ݣӭŵʮʮάȫֻأܡ
ֻ֮Ƶת֮ͶԷʮά취ײһ
䣡
һֻعɢ챻𿪣Ѫһ󷭹ͬˮ㡣
ͬʱʮʮά취ȴҲű˿ȥ
ܺá
ĵ취߶ĸǿһλ졣
оâտտϸӺͷԷʮά취ͬһʱֵֻ֮
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĽ棬תۼ䣬һʱȥһһαˡ
ĺܲԾάΪԲֻأܵסá죬ʮڣӱø䣺Ĺˣɡ
Ż䣬һ⣬취ڣֱڴ˿̴߶ޡ
Ƭأ̱
ͬʱ䣬ֹͣ
ޱߵķ취򣬺ƺƵѹ죬һƵ̺
ˣ
ŮʥŮͬʱɫǶܸоʮһĿֲ
ΪҲɫС֣ˣ
С˫ʮָ棬һʯ˫ۣĿ峺һ˲˲ϣĪļš
ԶĵĵںƵѣʼպû˿
УȫΡ
¡
ޱߵķ취һֱ̣ѹǰ
Ҳʱ⣬ֻعɢȥоâ֯ɫӿ
Ũķ򲨶֯ӭϵʮķ취
ײûо˵ĺֻޱ˵ĻϢ໥ɢ
ʮݣһαɫ
죬Ȼ˷취
ͬһʱ䣬ŮʥŮΪҲɫ䣬һ˵
СĿŲԵЩ
쳹ƬĮûһ˿һ
죬һУ
ɫʥԽ֯󽥽Ũ
˻ϵȫӡڵ̫ǿˣֻֻҪԸ⣬ܿʼƿء
ŵʮʩչʮά취򣬻һʱʱ䣬֮ƿصС
ƿأķ취ϢԵЩ΢ܿǿʢ
ܣ
ʮͳš
ʮʮάʮֻ֣ʮǰʮƿ˵ģÿ˶Ǻķ˳ʮʱ䣬Ŭ˵жôؾˣȻһ½ľάֻ࣬ǿʩչȻһʱƿˣ
Խܣ޷ܣ
䣡
⣬ʮά취ڣӿȣñ֮ǰӵĿֲӵˡ
Ƭֱʧȥɫ󣬱취ȫѹơ
޾壬ά֧ţֻضתµֻضɽͬʩչ취ӭ϶Է
䣡
䣡
䣡
ͬʮά򣬲ϵײһƽɫ˭Ҳȡκơ
תۼ䣬ȥ
˵ϢǱ˥ʥѾķѵĲˡ
ʮ˶٣ֱӺˡ
࣬ܺãסˣ
ôһ仰Զȥ
һսǿĵƷ취򣬵ȴ͵ѧȥȫսƽȥɲѹ졣ѹ죬ʥȴڲģĹˣһŮʥŮڣǸʱһֱ֣Ӿͻᱻն
뿪õѡ
߲ˡ
쿪ڣʮά취Ϊ񽣣һ佫Է·
һ̣⣬һƵʥƽ֯һһ˵ϢںƵɢޱŨϢƶѹˡ
ʮһɫͱ䣺㡭
ƿ·취֮һ̣쾹ȻɢϢϢңϢҪǿ
ǣ
ԶΪҲݣʱȻɢϢĿɫ
ŮʥŮǶȻ
ͨ⼸սУһֱڳʩչ
Ů⣬ȣ־ϲ
ò˵սһ;ϣСʮžԵ츳۵Ѫ
ʥŮЦ
䣡
Ϣӿ⣬ʥƽ֯ͬһɽʱ緢˰㣬Ϣ˵㡣
ʮһ¶˾㤣ɫȫˣԼ޵ٶȣٴζ롣
ʱ죬һĿ־塣
ವһٶȿ켫ת֮ǳԶ
û׷ֻۿһУ΢΢̧𣬶ƽĺ
ʱʮɱȫۣͨʱ򱬷
Է
ˣ
貵ȭûһС
ûвҽУ۵һʮֱӱ飬ɻңҲһ١

һ˲䣬طֱð
ǡ
Ϊס
һĵʮôնˡ
ֻضɽʧͣѣɢϢʱ糱ˮ˥ˡ
⣬ʥʧһγԡ
أûһ𣿡
Ц¡
ûС
ãڣǻڰάҪһЩ
ͷ򵥺˵һ£Ů˽ǰ
£òôƯ
ʥŮЦſڡ
ʦ
¿ڣһĺ١
ʥŮòͶʮʱòһϵá
ʦȻҲʦơ
৵һ£Ů˹ȥµ֣дŻϲ֮ɫ¡
Ŀ΢չֹŮòȻǵá
ʱŮЩ΢

Աߵ
£ûΪŮܣΪŮʹʥŮ֪С
ſڣһ˲
ᣬóĳ
ãԣŮ£ϱľʵҲ޿ޣİ˿ңȻǺܸˣˣ򣬽ǻҪ
⻰ɲǿ˵ʵ¸ϵΪֻضɽԵʮʵûκֵܹˣᱻѹ
ʵޣ
Ϊ˸̾
λϵĴڣﲢûеȼ֣֮Ӳῴ²ص飬ȴ֪²ڵ飬Ϻϲصʵ𣬿άȴ𺳣ˣάҲҳ
СĿϣдŵԣ½㣬Ư
ϸ˵ʵҪ´󣬲ûгɳվֻѣȻܳƺΪãǴӱԣʵЩʧ
µĿСϣĿͣллҲƯ
СϴЦ𣬶졣
ڴţΪ½
Ȼǿö˲ͷˣ£Ҫ¿ڣ
˵ˣ£ԼǾԲԸϿɵġ


2460 ֮
ӭСĿ⣬ֿһԵ£죬ʵڲ֪οڡ
ЩΨΨŵŵԵЩսսʮΪ½Ҧ󲹳䣺ⲻҵ£Ҿû뷨ģҪң
Ȼ꣬վģϿɡ
ǰûô¹˭
ʥŮһԵЩ٩ζ
죺
µıûκεı仯죬ŮС
ȻǰӦ£ûʲôɷԵġǣ󣬲ӭȢ
΢
ô򵥾Ͽˣ
ԼϿɵģ
Сʮָˣ֮ͬǰ㣬˫֣лл㣡
£ЦĺܹԺ
Ů£ӻϲʾôͨĶϱȥң
ΪҲ¶ЦСĸĸͲˣСͺŮϵãȻϣСܹ޵Ӧûзԣ˲ɵЩм
췢£
˵²᲻ͬ⡣ȻͬˣҲ
ʥŮЦ
֪ģǶΪףµľ˵ľ
Сµ֣죬۾峺
ڶۿСᱻĸоԼǸޡ
ǣ׮±ϾŮΪµģҲûңСĸˣСĸ׹ϵãǼȥܾƺܶ˶ˡ
գɿȣ˶٣תƻⲻԼΣǰΪѡµƣ֮ǰʹط̽Ѱ·ӵкܻʥܣµˣдãҿӡ֮һ
⻰ǶԼ¡Ϊ˽ģϾطֻ˻Ǵ£ŮʥŮѾ̤
طƣΪСѾָüˣȻǽ֮á
ϷͲˣҪ̤ΣҪԣܵѾЧ
Ϊ˵
Ҳǡ
ͷ
һ㣬ʱҲ
ºСǰֱʹطƣƿһЩĵ㣬תۼƬܵ
ܵǳˣǶԾάڵԣŲ׵ЧԿﵽάԼδ̤·ԣø
⣬ɿǿֻתۼʹӰάڴﵽ˰άڡ
Сٶ죬ϾŸ̤·תۼʹﵽղΡ
СȻ꣬ʵϲˣټϱǾά飬Ѫܾˣ׶Ȼǿ̤֮·κεӰ졣
һ;ĹžСȻҲȱСʱ͵õŮ洫
ˣ
ʥƣص׵ܵԼºС֡
ŮʥŮΪˣһΪ˻
ʱ䣬Ҵš
תۣһʱȥĵڵԭʼܣȫɾ
һʱ´Ӱά̤뵽컯ΡΪƿάȷԣ̤ԭʼ컯ʱط˴׷ŮΪ˱ܸţǿиĨȥˡ
СﵽʥΣǿ˺ܶࡣ
ңҪǣڴﵽͨɾ֮󣬾Ȼȫûͨɾ׷
ڣΪڴﵽʥ֮󣬲ȥȹ̣ҲǷǳ̡
ⲻò˵ЩˣŮʥŮ𶼲ɵöݣ£ʿ̤ͨɾʱǻͨɴٵģСȴûСͬʱʿȡһΪ󣬶ҪķʱȹµģĵرȥΪҪķѸʱԷֹо粻ȵ̣ںڵ֮ȱݣӰ·ϵĳɾ͡
ȻСȴûоͨ٣ҲҪκεȹ̣ΪȻȻǷǳȹָ̡оǣκУ֮ȥȹ̵޵εȲΣµΪǷǳͣκοɺ
ʵںܾˣ
ӦǺڵйءǵȻֻرԴĥˣȴвѾǽ뵽Դ֮ڣʴ䱾ԴͬʱҲʹıԴĳֱ仯Ӷʹı仯˵ô˵øǺ¡
֮ƿάȷ򣬵Ҳ٣̤ǧپپҲٽ٣ټΪ͵ޱȼֽͣϣ˵·ѾǱһ˳
ࡣ
СգۣЦ
Σš֣
ɿȣԼı仯
һµʱ䣬ﵽ˾άڣڵʥɸˣսǿ
ʲô
ŮʥŮ
ʲôŮ˶٣һھάҲмݵ㣬ɡ
䣡
ͻȻҵάҵĻζ
Լ䣬мΪ˵Ƭص𣬲񷶼
£һ붯ݡ
ǰǻǵһңά춼΢
֮
춯ݡ
缶أȻҲؼһƬصܵԴڡ
һ̣άŴ𣬰㾪˵һ˲ôһͷ
ά֮ʱ춯ƬԻˣ
ȥ
Ůüʱһֲõĸо
£֮Ǿ춯ġ
ͷ£һ뿪˺Żȥ
֮󣬴һյʱ䣬һ
ȥǰرˣһž޴󵽼ͷ¶ȫɴ۶ɣϽ֯ƣƶ
ЩƣӰƿأŬڽͷ
ͬʱϻʮӰʣǽ֯һϢ
ھڰ
ŮݣĿƿѹʥͷӰ֮ϡ
Ŀ΢ĿȻҲϣ˵Ĳһ㣬һһǿģԶԶ֮ǰĵʮҪǿܶࡣ
ңҲ˳Ƿͷȷȷʵʵ֮֮һ֣
һһʱ䶯֣־άһԻֱӳնȥ
֮ȻԶûά֮ǰҪǶһƬضԣȴǺҪɣһǣƾάȻвͼı
ֵĵһʱ䣬ŮʥŮҲһ֣Ů׷ʥŮʥ編໥ϣ׷ѹϡ
ŮʥŮ
ھڰ͵ŮʥŮϣԺĮ
ûжϣʮӰˣӭ졢ŮʥŮĹ


2461 ն
ʮӰ˴ΣΪһͨǾάͷǿڣߴΪףʮһ֣ʥ졣
΢Ŀ߸ϣ߸飬Ȼ֮ǰϵĵʮ١
ŮʥŮȻҲǷһ㣬һʱ䣬˶ǲɵöݡ
ھڰ͵߸ͶҪǿ
䣡
ϢƵһʱ佫˼άȷȫѹ顣
ҵδȥѰǣǵԼˣܺãǳãھ͵ڰԼǣƾάŮʥŮԸ˵ŮʥŮѹˣȫնݣԼƿֻص£˽ǲֻ֪ǽ쵱һͨʿ
ߴͷһ˳ȥŮʥŮ
ʮά飬ɱ¡ҦΪˡ
¡
챳¿ڣֻضһʱתս˲ʮ
Ȼ˼ǧѩƮֻضɽһʱ쳹ʮ
ģûκӰ죬Ȼȴ֮ʥ
һڷ·ʥܻɽ̼Ծ˵ٶ
תۼѣľȸ棬ǿٱ
ϵգ̼һƬƬŤ
һĻʹñǰͨݣͨԼһҲǱɫһ̣ϢȻͻأı仯
Ҳʱ춯֣ά֮۶Ͼ׷һ
וּһХ̶ޱߵĽâΪһƬ꣬ƺƵϯȥ
ͨͨһʱ䱻ɣͬʱʮͨľά飬ǽڵһʱѣȫά֮֮
߸ͨסΣɫ䡣
ͬʱھڰ͵һҲһ
ǣʲô
쿴ŵھڰ͵ĵۺ䣬ֺ½֯޾ֻصۺֻʱֱ
һĻʹ߸ͨԼѹƾάĵھڰ͵ٴζݣɫ
࣡
ͫ΢죬Ȼƿ˴˵еֻأ
ǿһʮƿص
£
ڰ
Ż䣬͵ھԼʱʱ޷
߸һʱԶˣûһ飬ȫѹ죬ʱŮʥŮʱԵĺӵˡ
ϾֻؿǷǳҪģȻǲܹƿصɣƿصû壬ǣҪ׼ѹ졣
䣡
ߴһ֣һʱ䣬Ƶӿȣ嫺ӿ
ߣά֮𶯣ͬʱ취Ž֯˳
ﬣ
һն£ѹһУһС
۵ģ߹Ѫһʱը߸ͨͬʱ䱻顣
֮ǰΪھάڵʱֻضɽֻضԼάص֮£ǾնһĵʮΪӾάڴﵽάڣֻضɽֻضԼάضԸ߸ȵʮһЩ飬ȻǸӵףѹˡ
죿ھڰ͵ͬʱ䶯ݣ񣬸Ƕݣô취򣿣
ǵʮѧ
첢ڡ
⻰ھڰԼӸ֮һ
ʮأ
ڣ˺⣬ͬʱҲһɲԤС
ʮȻܽһ½취ôѧģ
Ȼǿѧᡣ
ˣʮȻ׶༪ˣ
ֻǣܲµһ㣬ȴ̲סôʵ
Աߣھ͵ڰӱɭ·㶢졣
¡
ĵ֮𶯣һ˵
Ľâᵵ˻ģŷ취֮Ϣˣתնǰ
ھĿâֱ֯ӽնؽâ顣
ʹͷ΢һɲûô飬ǣԷȴֻ͸ˡ
ȵʮǿ̫ˣ
࣡
Ѫ䶯죬ʱ߸ͨ۳
ɨ۵ھڰ͵Ŀ˵ϡ
·
ĵ
Ż䣬ά֮ڣ취ڣֻͼһζ
սʱֱӱ߶ޡ
¡
ƬռʱޱŤƬƬı顣
߸ͨɫһ̽һͷƤĸоʵʱĹƣ̫ڿˡ
Ԫ󣡡
һ˺ȵ
˾ۺһ໥ռݲͬλãתۼ䲼һⷨ
Ҳʱ쿴ˣֻ΢ֻɱ
ҪģٲȻĳƵĺϻţȻȻᡣ
ӭֻۣ˵һ˲ֻػɱ֡

ڱУʲôҲûУУԼȴ뵽һֲУ޾Թ˺ҧǵꡣ
Ҳʱնֻؽͼֻͼ˽ǰѹ䡣
߹Ѫһը
һΣȫֻʣ꣬ڣʱʧȥ

쿪ڣ˫΢˴ٲֻѪͬʱƵһѹ¡
͵˻δӦԵ뱻
һĻŮʥŮ˵Ƕ⣬ϾȵʮҪһЩģǱնɱʮʱǿ˲٣ˣ죬¸¶ˣ򵥽նɱǺ
ھڰ͵Ӹӱ
࣡
ھĿϣ֮ͬ
ʮάͬԼ߸𼶵ͨôɱˣ
ڣʱѾǲµˣʮҲѾС
֧ţ
ʵڰ͵
ڰ͵ûпڣֻǵͷ
ھǲ˵ʲô죬һ۱ʧˡ
һ̣Ӱǰֱһѹ¡
һϵĿռʱȫޱߵϢϢѹ졣
һĻʹŮʥŮɵ붯ݣھٶʵ̫ˣ쵽δԷƶ켣
ΪԷٶȶɫȴվûʲô仯ԷĴѹֻ΢վǲ׽˶ԷĹ켣΢΢ƫͷԱܿ
漴ûκζĶ̫Ӷе֮Ϸ취򹥻
ﬣ
Х̶һնȴоŵâԻӾŸͬķѹԷ
ֻؾŽͨ
ھĿ΢һ˲˲ϣǴ˵еֻۣ鴫
˵ţϢ𶯣תۼֻؾŽһ̧֣ԸٶȺ͸ǿѹ졣


2462 ʮάն
ھѹϷʮռ䣬ͷ΢һΪ˵̫ǿˣԶԶ֮ǰɱĵʮȡ
Ȼо˶Էǿ󣬵ȴûһ˿һļɵֻۿУƶʥ֯켣򵥲ٴαܿ
ͬʱוּһӶе֮ӿնԷüġ
ھ΢
ֻǾάΪѣȴαܿĹ⡣
漴һ̣ɢϢøǿǴǹͨʱݻһѹͷһУѹ䡣
֮ѹ棬롣
΢ǸоõŹĿ£ֻ΢ֻعƺƵӿ֣һֻӣûУͬʱҲѹھ
ײһһʱ䣬͵Ǵâûܡ
һ̣Ϣ䣬ھʹâһǰٶ֮Щˣһ̧ץ죬һѹ䡣
һ̫ˣʹ춯ݣȻֻҲԿԷĹ켣
ֻǣıȴûκεĻң˲ƶ˲ϢƶԷ󣬷һŶԷͷ­ն¡
ھ΢ŵһƷͨԭֻҲ켣ϾΪЩͣΪֱѹˣȴ룬ǽһܿˣֱ֮ӷ˶ķ
˲ƣ۵
Ϊһʮ֮µĵھǿߣھȻǲһ˲ǿ˷Ϊܹܿһ۵
ܲ
Įն֮ٴѹ졣
޾壬ʩչ˲ƣֻ۵ֻع⣬е֮ʮά취򣬺͵ھһһεײ·
ȻҲûռݵһ˿һơ
ֻǾάķ֣Ȼ
ڰ͵ںʩǣƾάһĻ΢
໣
죬άȫޱʥ۶ɣʶ㣬ʱŴ𶯣ƺڷڰ͵
ڰ͵ĮڰüˣȷʵЩ
ģ

ڰͷϢʱǿ˲٣ȫѹƾά
ŮʥŮƫͷڰ͵໥һۣԶ֣׷;ʥ編һƵٴݻ׷˻ȥ
ά翣ͨѰһѰάûк£
¡
պ׷תѹڰ͵ǰ
ֻǣһ̣͵һ׷̷顣
ƾǣҵվŲҲ˲һһ
ڰĵ
ʹŮʥŮʱɫһˣȷʵ̫ǿˣ׷;ʥ編ǵǰǿֶΣȴԷ˵ƶס
ھ棬ȻҲǿһĻ΢䣬һնڰ͵âмά֮취֮ԼԴֻ֮
ﬣ
â̶תۼ䵽ڰ͵ǰ
¡
һڰ͵ʥƣĽķ顣
ʹͷɵ΢ղնһԱŮʥŮĹǿʮֹȴǱԷ׸顣
ˣȵھǶҪǿһأ
˶֣¸ҲԲֵܵˡ
ھߣһǰһλѹ¡
һΣļɫʥԽ֯żϢͻķ򲨶
취ӭϣ͵һ취顣
ǣ
µʮά򣿣
ŮʥŮݣԿһ㡣
΢Ҳǿһ㣬˵ʵǿʮά֮Ա˿̵սǿһأķ취ʱȫֵˡ
Ϊ½ķ֣ĺܲˣûʱģ
ھ
һеʮάøƿɽﶼնϡ
ңģϣʮά֯
ɨǣƾάĵڰ͵Ŀڵھϣн֯âֻعӭ϶Էʮάͬʱʮά
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĽ棬תۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱ䣬͵ھһսЩ·󣬹ȥʱʱ⽥ͬɫʥԽ֯ƺƵĳŶԷնϡ
ʮάնն

ɫʥת۱ǱøŨ򲨶ǿ
֡ƿˣ
ʥŮŮԶݣʱƿص˵ھʮάңתۼǴ
С죬˫ֽһʯĴ۾У⡣
ĵƮƬռ䣬ֻضɽһ
ڰ͵һ𺳣ھɫһ
㾹Ȼ
죬ھʱо⣬¶˼صɱ⡣
ն򣬾ʱھͱһ½ķѧȥ
ܣ
䣡
⣬նڣһնһУѹ졣
䣬ոƿصʮάնͬŷڣԷӭϡ
ͬķתۼײһ𣬱Ļ֮⡣
Ϣӿ
գͬķײͬʱɢĻ⡣
ھĿ䣬Ϣһοʼ
ʱʱ䣬ǵûѹ¾ά죬ԷѧնȻûƿصĴ죬ＫΪ⼫Ũ
ʱɱ㣡ô̷
ĵ
Ż䣬һ֮ʥԻ֯ķ򲨶
Ȼն۷֮Ի
ϢһطռŮ˽ɫ䡣
Ϣ̫ˣ֮ǰǿ̫ˣ
һ˲ɵÿ죬һ̣ȫõ
Ψʼպ޲ֻضɽ
ͬʱ¶̷Լˣ
Ż䣬ڵر͵һ𣬶ʱ䣬޾ƽ֯
໣
άŴ𶯣Ϊ
ޱߵľάʥӵص׳һͷء
ھ΢ĿϣʱΪ֮ݡ
ͷɢ̫ˣɵʱ궼һ󷢺
ͬʱڰ͵ǶݣΪΪһ̣ǶԾάǣƿʼܵ˾޴Ӱ죬һĴͻأڸǡ
ʲô
죬ȻµõһжǺйء


2463 ì
ΡĴɣʥȻư硣
һĻʹõھڰ͵˱ɫȻŮҲǲɵľ
СĵʥŮĿ΢ҶˣάСʮԵľά֮ս
໣
죬쳹˻ġ
ӿѹطһһˮưĺʥܡ
ӵĮŵھ΢ʱ
ŵʱʱһھ棬ʮάնһطӡʱɹڵصɡ
һɣܹľάԸԼս
Ծά۳ʶĲ£Ȼǿƥ
ϾʥάڵʥǺ嫵ˡ
յ
ھɫһͺնֱӴ߶ޣӭϡ
תۼ䣬˫ײһ͵һھնֱӱ顣
漴ɴƲֱײڶԷϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽɲǼѣھըѪȾգйǣƮ

ŭ֮Ѫ䶯ھ겻תۼ¾۳
ؾ۳ٴο죬ھøŭɱŨ
һά½緲֣Ȼ
ѹˣ
һߣڰ͵ΪһĻݡ
ĵƮƬռ䣬طΨʼպֻضɽ
һһֻأĿڵھϣһֱ̤Ӷˣŵھȥ
໣
̶ڵص׵âţޱߵʥ۳һͷһգۼڵھǰ¡
ھҧնһδ߶ޣͨһһ
ֻ̧֣ͼ֯ޱߵʥŶԷѹ¡
ͬʱХ졣
ۣ
ѪŽֻһɲǶѣھһըѪˮƮնǡ
ֻǣΪʮʮ֮µĵھǿߣھĺǿɲ࣬תۼһ۶һμͨӭ졣
Įά֮ľάɱ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĺƵղϱھһһεı顣
תۣʱȥ
ʱ䣬ھⴴϢŭ࣡
ʮ飬ھȻ½ķ˵ȳ̶ȣ
Ǻεȳ裿
ӭŶԷľŭıûκα仯Į
֮͵һԷâնѿһС
·ֳֵֽ֮ӡ£
໣
أط𶯣ʮͷһ𣬽ʵڵһ㣬Ӻ嫵ʥһƬ֮㣬նά֮һ𣬺ƺƵĳŵھѹ£ﾡ
ھвɵ¶˾㤣ŭ˻𣬼Լȫȥӭ
ӭά֮пɣȻʮǰȴԵС
ʮһʱС
ۣ
Ѫըھֱӱ顣
ңһͬҲһ١

Ͼţ
ڰ͵̲סһĵھôɱˡ
ƫͷ˿죬Ǳޱȱ࣡
쿴ˣûκζĻٳֱӼԦʮͷֱĳѹȥ
ת۶ѣʮХ䵽ڰ͵ǰء
Ȼһ̣ڰ͵ͷ޾ŹâʢϢһ˲ǽʮͷȫķɢ
һĻʹ쵱Ǳɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ŮʥŮҲǶݡ
ȥڰ͵ھǸطͷһֱԼʥʣһѪɫѹìɢһ˵Ϣ
˹ìѾѵĲӣһͻʱɢϢȴǿ׼ᴩؼһУ
ǡ
Ϊ΢
ʱìʥɢϢۺˣ
ùʥȻѾٽ٣ȻãԺ嫵Ĵ߶ȴǿɼеɱֻʹһΣȴ㹻ˣ
ĵ
޾ҵδ֣ΪʲôҲûһֱѰҾάڰĮƬص޾֮Լɱˣ
Ѫɫì޾ţһ̲ٱǣƣһХ뽮֮˲ϢǺᴩ޾ңԶͬʶ㣬Ƭ
һʱ䣬ֻǸ˱Ѫɫì𶯡
ɱｻ֯
ӿűɫ
΢һ궼˹ì˿ɢɱ̫ˡ
ˣһµ˽ǰһ˾һ𣬵һǰ
ֻضɽ֧ŵǿġ
ˡ죬ĮĵԸǣƾǣûǸʸ񡣡
⻰һһ˶ǲɵüһ̣ǲɵΪ֮ɫ
Ҫƾάķ
춯ݡ
ɵ˵ĻֱӱǲµҪѪɫìʲô
Ǻķ޾ʱ;Ѱάڵ޾ӳֵƵѪɫìϣʹ˱Ѿ޷ʩչĹìɱĿģɱƿھάķҪһ·ɱ²ȥ
룡
һҧ֪Լ˵Ķ֣ȴڴ˿̶֣ȫնˡ
һھάķƣһ̤뵽²أǲ֪жѡ
䣡
ڰ͵ߣڰһɱâһͬʱѪɫìʹ֮ȡޱ֮һάڡ
ìޱɱޱ֮Ĵ߶£ת۹ƾάرݣ֮۷ϣ˴Լʮͬʱ
Ѫɫìʹ˱ʧ
۷һɢȥ
ɱ
ڰ͵ڣάһⱾԴܿ촫˾άκһ䡣
̼䣬ά֮ڣ޾һʱӦһʱ֪˸Ͼάķƿ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
һһɱ쳹һ죬һһƿ˺άıݣɱ²ء
άĵطɫʱˣҲ⣬Ůĸ˽ãɾڰά֮ڣ׵ͻһˡ
Ҳʱڰ͵Ŀ䵽һϣӽһƬĮ
ֵˡڣĿϣΪ½ķֵĶԣ㵱ǲˣܲǳ
ô˵ţȴԵú䣬ֱ̧֣֯ޱߵʥܷ籩ץȥ


2464 
ʥܺƵ̧֣ʥܴӡתۼѹ䵽ǰȵھǿ̫ˣͲһϵˣֱӱʮռ䡣
ʱɫ䣬͵ƿŮµˣԼֻͼͬʱά֮߶£ŵһӭϡ
ͣ
ײһ죬ȫ˲Ϣ
Įѹ䣬ƲʼֻǷ֣ȻƿֻأȻԼǿϣվ޷࡭
˵ţͻأ͵һѹʥܴӡֱɢŵŵɺˡ
ͬʱԣϢһӰ
һӣ޳ʣͬʱǺ䡣
Ŀϣӽͣ¶һº͵Ц
ʱһ˫۶ɵ˼֡
ϣоеϢ΢
ָоȵŮʱҪǿٱ
һߣƿŮʥŮΪԼСŶݡ
壡
С̲סڡ
ȻһԱߣĿһۣĸף
ҲĻѾЩ²⣬ͷһ
ͬʱವƿ𣬵ڰ͵ֱӷɶݣнǴڵľ㤡
ŸնݳԶ˱ǽסˣѣתۻɻҡ
һĻʹ첻ɵһ
ȻҲһûпκγֵļһֿʼǱŵڰ͵δһۣȻӶݵˣȴмˣʲôʵδ̫ˣ
쿴ۣһμԼӦýи׵ˣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ЦͷϣˣҲǿˡ˵˵ǲְĸףӦ˵Բ𡣡
ҡͷΪսΰ󡣡ЦΪ١
һμףȻͷȴûмĸŮʱǰ㼤ԭҲ˵壬ǺӶĸױȽ׽ɣ͵С̫һ
ͬʱʱҲΪһݣͷϵ֣ûʵʵУȻⲢƺֻһ΢ĩıԴ
ʹųһ£ֻһϢĨɱ
Ļ΢ЦĸŨ˼֣˵ĵģ
ĵġ
ͷ
ףȷȷʵʵΪսһףܲԺȷȷʵʵﻰ
ЦŨ˼֣ȴǴżɫ
Ů֪άǵ£ھάƵ۵޵дڣҲﲻܡ
ҲʱŮʥŮȫ˹
壬㻹ôǿ󣡡
һĳݡ
ѾͷѾûˣ
ԣСͣЩ⡣
ţ
졣
죺
СֻرԴĨǵΪ˿ڣΪ۽ͣ漴ɫ΢ʱҲǿ۲С죬ǡ
Ц̤ʮǰھάеһƱԴ˵ӡžάĽֹƻˣԣڵԻ˳
춯ݣȻֻһ
ȻһƱԴУȻҶ֪ŮŹֵĿۣ۵Ŀʲô
˽۵ģ£ȻһԴھά֮ڣôһ塣
ƻеƻĽƣӡ
۵
⻰һŮۡ
һֱ̣Ӷˣ˺άرݣžά֮⿴ȥ
ʱ򣬾ά֮ķʧˣȴĹӡ֯ţͬʱһƬһƬѪھάΧѪн֯ŷǳŨϢȻԾάȥ飬ڳ˲ϵĹӡ
ӡܼά춼Χ
̤֮ǰĵطڷ֮󣬾Ȼһ㻹ǡ
в⣬ֱһʶӻչʾ
ʹ˽ԶݣһĹӡһ֪̺żΪ˵Ļ֮ȴȻסά졣Ҳ˵ڣάڵһɳȥһ̤ά죬һʱͻᱻЩ¹ӡݻ١
ھάƮŵЩѪ㣬Ȼ֮ǰ̤ά顣
ǣаά˵ǳȥҲһѣ
ʵ
ֻԴ塣
۵
˲Ȼֻ壬Ҳ˵ֻ顣
Ȼ⸸ʲôʹЩЩӡֻһǣ˿ά֮µЩغ飬ѣܵһв
ۡ
ʥŮЦ
㾫ܵĲãʵԲ𺳡
һ죬һԭΪάƣһ̤άضݣǵģȴǷ
Ϊ۽£ʮ£ʦ⸸һǣʮѾȥǰƾõ£ѵһֱսƺܡ
ʱ䳤ӣȥʱ
۵
⻰һ쵱ɫ
ͬʱҲǶݡ
۵˼ۺȻǽһ˹ȥʱǣ˹ȥС
̤ȥ£ޱȿµ°ңԽǿˣ̤ȥʱԽա
ΪѾŹʱ䣬ţعûܴơ̤ȥʱһЩǿˣʱһ
Ц죬дЩâҺʦսȻһҲȫʤֻȷǣƣڹȥ޷Ҳ޷죬˵δվÿ㣬ǣʱ䣬ˡ
ȥʱѾԼǣʮ꣬ǻػִ忪ʼģһ鵭ʧĸ׺ʦǣƾֻء
ĿϣĿºͣЦͷ漴ɢȥ
춨վԭأ˶ٺͷ
ȥչأ
Ůǵ
ĸ׺ʦƴʮ˹ȥʱ໹ǣʮʱ䣬ڼڣȫУȡʮ֮ڽֻƿص
Ůû±뿪һЩʥŨĵطȥ

ά죬һƬڡ
ۣȻȻ
һʮңңĿžάܼӡԼһһȥ󱻵ӡ˲һɫѿ㡣
Ҳû뵽ۻĺֶΣھάòƻ󣬾Ȼĵӡһ죬ݵ˲ڣǻɱǳͬкüڳάݺ˲ͱӡ
ڣάƻˣȴ̤ά죬̤άһ

Щһɱ⣬۾úˡ

ά죬һ嫵ɽȺڡ
Ůˣ뿪֮ǰǸطʱ̤ƬɽȺ֮ڡ
ƬɽȺڣʥǳṲ̃ⷽɽȺУŮԼʥŮ֣̲ʮķԸϢǿʼչء
룬ٶȽΪΣȫֻء


2465 Ҵ
ɽ֮ڣڵһʱͶ뵽֮С
ɽڵʥŨתֻľʥ֯ЩʥƣϷӡȫĻ
⣬ϢһƵıǿΪһƵ
ͬʱºطҲʼһϾطʥǳŨ˵ΪȽϵͣǵһ硣
ŮʥŮΪΪ㹻ߣδչأһΪ˻
ˣʱţתۼ䣬һʱȥ
һһ죬˵һƬɽȺϣһ˵н֯
ɫн֯ž죬ԵϢƺƵ¡
̤άˣ
Ů˫Ŀԡ
һԣʥŮͷ
ٶȡ
Ϊ𺳡
һʱ䣬һ죬Ӿά̤Σʱ١
٣ޱȣʹ֮еºСҲͬʱ䱻ѡ
˫ۣվƫͷϷ򣬼򵥵һʱշϢ֯ϣһα޾ңԶǧһĮ䡣
ƶһƶͬʱ⴦Į䡣
˵һһ׷ѹ¡
Դˣ޾塣
ٶԣʵûһ˿һвԡ
ȡֻؽһɽ٣׽ټԴ
䣡
䣡
䣡
׷һһ䣬ֱȥһʱ䣬ⳡ׷ɢȥ
߲ƽ֮֯ǣͬʱ׷ķֻؽܡ
Ϊ̤Σֻؽ𼶵ıңԶһ𼶱Ტۣ𱦱֮еߡ
Ǹ˹ì̫ࡣ
뵽һǰǸսìֻǲƹìɢɱԶֻؽȵˣ֮仹ͬһĲࡣ
ǣȻȻҲ֪һ㣬ԼȻ̤𼶲ΣѾ˷ǳ޴ķԾսǿһ˵ĵزʮȣȴԽĲࡣ
ڣһǰԼĸŵźķ֣ȫ׵һҲһЩһЩ
ͷ𺳣׺ʦǵ׽ߵʲô߶ˣ
ĻǿƥǱ޾ǱܴﵽΣܹĸоԼжǿּ̧ɱ֮ǰĵ͵ڰˣȴñȲԼ׵ԻһˣԼĸ׺ԼĶʦʵж¡
Լĸ׺ͶʦвʮָǵжôĿֲ
߲ɢȥԭض˶٣ֻؽ𣬶ػص֮ǰĵط
ŮʥŮߵǰǺܸˡ
컹ھάʱάأսѾǲˣﵽΣάϣ¸ǿսǿεȳ̶ȣ
ƿԺɨھάڵˣûһԵֵ
ϲС֡
Ϊ˵ͬʱ̾Ѿͣھά۷޾£죬ȴڶ̶һʱʹӾάڴﵽΣʣǺεȵˣ
ʱֻи̾Ǽ̳Ѫˣ̫ˡ
ء
ĵһʱʥδﵽͨ쾳Σܴ
û˵ʲôĿͣΪﵽ컯۷壬ʱ̤پ
һЦһأʱûмǺһһʱ䣬ǼչأԴﵽ𾳵Ϊʼֻһ
ºǼŮʥŮΪˣΪ˻
ˣ
˿˿ƵĹｻ֯ȫͶ뵽ֻ֮ϡ
𼶵ΪֻأܿãֻصƿԽԽ
һۣʱȥ
ʱڣ⣬Դֻع⽻֯űԽԽԽԽ⡣
ֻǣʱֻ֮һһʱƿǰ
ֻʣһˣɡ
ü
оھ뽫ֻƿصɣʵѾûжԶˣǣһľ룬ȴ̤ȥ
˶٣ۣһνв򣬶һۣǰʱȥ
ǰ˫ֻۣһĽչһҲûУ΢ĩһξԿȥ
ˡ
գʱˣվһʱͣ˼չز
ŮʥŮǰѯɹ
һƿصɣǣĿǰΣҲȡý
ʵ档
޷ֻһѣǵʱ䣬аꡣ
Ůο
ЦȻֻһֻشɣֻԼһľǺεȵļѣûܹ̤һС롣
Ȼǲ˶ٺ󣬿һԵºС
ºСȻҲѾǴͣ
ҵתˡ
Сͬ㱨㣬ĵӳһЩҲǰԽԵƯˡ
Ǿάص飬ѪףԴĸı䣬пνһ˳
Աߣû˵ʲôΪﵽپ;Ѿȹ١
չ𣿡
Ůʵ
ʱˡҡͷ˶ٵά鲻٣ȥһЩ
ֻһֻһͿԴɣһľ룬޷̤ȥʱȽάڵһЩ
ͬʱҲһԼǿս
ԴˣŮʥŮȻûʲô£һ˱뿪
һļʱݵ㣬֪ڲڡ
Ů֪켸Ƚȷꡣ
ȥ

𼶵Ϊʩչʱշʱн֯ϣתۼ佫Ůһ룬һ̳һɽ䡣
ȥɽһǳ޴ĹмΪǿϢơ
һھάµʱӪ
ڡ
ǰƬڣ΢ֱӱгƬĽâնǰ
וּһХ̶޴󹬵նķѡ
ѪըһƬȻв飬һ롣
˭
ӰԱնĹ̤ӱˡ
ԱߣӰ߸ͨǾά顣

ŮüĿΪ׵ϡ
һ֮µʮ֪ʶãʱˣ˲˳
ϳ˵ͬһʱ䣬ˣȻҲϳԼԵʥŮноâ¶
ŮʥŮڣĿŮʥŮϣʱĺ졢ºˣǵеҴܺãĺܺãʡȴҵȥѰǵʱ䣡
Ż䣬ֱӶ֣̯ѹأҲ֪ȵǿ˶ٱƺƵץŮʥŮͬʱɱµˡ


2466 
һˣĿⶼǺ䣬ǿŮʱɭ
꣬ʮ̤׼Ѱʮά֮ģʮ֮ڣȴ뱻ֱӷ˾ά죬ھά֮ڣ޷̤²أһһֱ뷽跨ƿƣǰƿˣȻȴ뵽ۻкֶΣƿĽƾȻ˲Ϣ仯ĵӡά֣һɲĨɱһͬ
̤ά
ɱ۷ھά
ɱ㣬ѹ£ҵҪ۸ʹ
ֵĵڣ̹ǣʵǺ͸ۣ޲ʳѪ⡣
񣬿ŮΪܵˣеɱ⺮Ũˡ
ͬʱǽһ
Ĵ֣תۼѹ䵽һ˽ǰǵƣһС
Ҳʱ춯ˣû̫Ķָᵯ
ݵһһɳֱӱѹʥܴӡ󽣹ⲻɢƲ۵һûüġ
Ѫˮɽеĺ˲ʧ˴ͣôء
ִе漴һ̣ڽڱ飬ΪһƬѪ

һĻʱʹطɫ
ܣ
ڣĿ𺳣һ飬ǽԱɫ
һĵ֮µǿߣȻһ൯ָ͸Ĩɱˡ
ôܣ
ͬһʱ䣬ŮʥŮҲǸɫ
ϵﵽ֮ǳǿ󣬵ȴҲû뵽ôǿԶԶȵҪǿĵȻֻһָͽԷĨɱ
Ǻεս
Ҫ֪Ÿո̤ΰ̤ξȻܾ߱սֱЩˣʵ̫ڿ¡
ûʲô仯Ŀڵ͵ϣ
ֻһһ̱ǳڵǰһָڶԷüϡ
㤣ȫûпƶ켣㡭
ۣ
û˵ʲôڶԷüĵָ⽣âŽ۵һԷᴩ
꣬һĥ
⡭
Ϊ˲ɵòһ£طһǿһˣһʮ֮µǿߣȻҲǱ򵥾ͻɱˡ
һԲһŵŵɺˣн¶˾㤡
һ̣ƿյһʱ飬ȫһĳԶߡ
ǿĴڣȻ򵥾ͱɱˣһ̣鶼֪ˣطûκܹס졣
쿴Щˣ΢նն֮Լϯȥ
ʮά֮㡣
۵ģѪһըתۼ䣬ȴ⣬Բ
㣬㡭
ɫ԰ˣûӣΪʮռ䱻ȫˡ
쿴ˣ£ʱֻ˲ǰǿˣֻصƻãֻػȡԷʶеһС
ڶȡԷʶеһкֻӣֱӽԷĥ
һ˲䣬طüž
飬ȫɱ
̫ˣ
ڣ۾
Ϊ˵ҲǶ𺳣ڵ죬ս̫ˡ
ȴʮԼ⣬޵ˡ
Цһ˵ط
ӵʶУ֪һһһСֵ̤ʮ򣬴󲿷ֵ黹ʮ֮ڣ̤ʮάڵ黹а˴ľݵ㣬λѾȫ֪׼һһٵ
һսԼսҲ൱⣬ȻԶԶ޷͸׺ͶʦȣǣάڵԣȻȫ޵еˡ
£һ죬ʱշŮµƶȺ̤άһݵ㣬֣ת˲ͽݵڵȫ
ʼھά֮ڣɢھάλõ顣
㡭

࣡
ҽкͷŭھά첻ʱѪȾһƬƬա
̶µʱ䣬߾άھάڵȫĨ
Ů˺۴˵ĺˣ˺ʥŮ˵ĵӣ⣬⡭
ѡѹôǿ󣡡
ǣáþˣ
ά黹δµʱŮµ̤һԾάڵ飬ȻоάʿΪǿͬʱҲ֪ݣһǲɵΪ֮𺳡
µʱ䣬ά԰Ů˴˿վһΰɽϡ
άڰˣά죬ʦֵʮά֮ģں¡
ⷽɽ֮ϣ
ʮά֮ģʮĺģ޷ֻزɣֻҪںʮά֮ģҲƺһսⳡսϾһںʮά֮ģڱƿʮ򣬶ʮڵ飬޷
Ȼܼѣǿһԡ
ʥŮ
ʮά֮ģ޷ɹںϣã԰쵽
ϾʵȻԶԶȲȴƿֻأǱܷǳ£߽һ˵ܹ漣Գɹںʮά֮ġ
ŮҲͷͬ⡣
£һ죬һ뿪ά죬̤άء
УάܼӡδκηӦΪֶӡµĵӡֻԴ壬ֻ飬Ӱˡ
Ŷٽһҵ

ھά죬նɱ˳Ƭ飬Уõ˲ٵ챦ȣ׼зָһˣΪ
֮ŶΪŶֻ֮ҪҵŶܿǾҵɺͼˡ
֮ʱҵŶŶɼŮһ
̣
˫۷컹ûнŮֱ˹ȥ
չֹŮģǵú˿˲˳
ŮȻǷǳˣŮ
ΪܼͰˡ
ǰЩϾλſǾάϵ
úúãܺã
Ůǻϲĺܡ
ɱŮĸ첲˶٣ĿϣСǰСƯĴ۾ǹƯСѽ㱧
˵ţͽС
죺
ʥŮ£С
̫ʦĸῪЦ
ɲŲţûء
¿񡣡
ɶʱ͵ɴۣϾĸŮȻĸʲô˼
桭ģ
ŵĿ졣
ôڣ
ġ
Ů
ɶһ£ɴۿűŵС৵һ½С¡
ôݡȣôŪģ
죬Լ⸸׸˸С
죺

¿ڣκ;̬Ϊ͡


2467 ˵
ԭµĻɲɵһȻԭǰµĻ£˵ŮΪݡȣ䲻ˡ
죺
Ůǡݡ˵ʲô֣˹
СԲСƯھôƯԺһƯ
ɿСǸſţһûסЦ˳
ŰŮû󣬾ȻС
ƫͷɨһۡ
ȿȡɸɿȣæЦС񣺡Сá
ûµģɺܿɰ
Ȼ£Ͼûʲôģ෴ǳϲɣĺܿɰ
ꡢ桢ѩҹͰ֪ԭίȻҲǶûϾ϶ԣʵСǰ棬ŮӶǰ໥ʶ
Ǻá
СԶԶȼѩҹҪ󣬲Ϊȥ걻㲻֮ڣ˿ҲûгɳվֻǲŰģԼѩҹ˶Խƣǳò
ĺƯ
ţԺӦò½
˵
⵹ǿȷʵǳŰѾա
һ˲ãŶ֮˵ټ
Ŷǧپ±֮ݡ
ܿ죬й˵ټϸ֪졣
쵱¶ʱշƶܿǽйȫۼ
ʦ𡢻ͰȾ˼ʥŮ壬ǺܼԶд񣬶Ů񣺡ǰ
ÿ𡣡
ŮܿԽ˷𣬶˵л
άأЩ˶չ˺ܶ࣬ʱǾ죬תҲΪ죬ʥŮ֪ЩһֱǺܸмҪ˵л
ʦ֣չСʦӦΡ
Ц
Ҷ졢ƵˣС̫ͷӢۡҶͯСˣҲǰŮʥŮ
µĸĸԿȻҲڣ֣صΪŮˡ
׼ңμ棬ллǡŮԿ֣£ԶԿллһôõŮ
¶İʵ̫ˣһֱĬĬĸ죬ϲĺܡ
һڰάۣһ̤άأصʮǵ֮ͥڣĵرȷָһ
ŮʥŮԼһʮǵĵʮ
ʮͥоάͷΪΪһ˻Ҫʲôңû˻ʮҲǷǳȫ
ھάػɱµʱڣѾ಻׵ΪѾﵽ˾άûбҪټĵرˡ
̤ʮƬܺ嫣ݴһƬɫ


ʥŮõ˸ϸʮά֮Ϣʮǣʮ
ʮά֮΢һ۳ɡ
ѹֵƬоĺ嫣ļƬظ
żȻһΣʮ֮ڣһޱȺ嫵ĸоǸʱͶƬˣԭƬʮ򣬲ʮά֮ġ
ͬʱ뵽ʮĹϴ˵ֻҪٵʮ죬ɵõɾͨ쳹صʮ˵꣬˶ֻеġ֣ڡʮĸȫû⣬򣬹ȥЩʱʮнֻǽ⡰ʮΪʮΪٵʮ򣬴ﵽʮһˣʮ
Ȼеġʮȴʮʮάص
˵Ҳɻ󣬲֪˵ʮţǰǾû˵еʮʲô˼ǰû֪ʮʮάصά֮ġ
ѵʮά֮ĶʮһЩ־Ӱ죬ǣܵӰЩ飬ȴδȫ־Ӷʹ˵
в²⡣
ô²⣬òûеϾһ󣬱Ǿһ־ļ䣬ںʮά֮ģͿɳɾʮ
Ĳ²ƣԺܴ
ЩվƬʮ򣬶˶ٺŮʥŮµǰ߳ʮɾ룬վʮڣ˫ȥƬ
ΪﵽΣѾǿĸоƬķǷУֻǵʮֻͨʯݣǣıԴʶڣȴһƬ嫵أ޾Ĵڻƽ֯
ԱԴƬ䣬ԼıԴƬ֮ڣͬʱҲŽԼԴ֮Ƭ򣬽ƬԼ

Ƭʮ̼һɹɵ΢硣
󣬽ģ΢罥ó
һͲŵŵɵˡ
ԱԴԴ֮ʮ֮ڣŽƬԼȴתۼ䱻ȫ˻ʹ궼ܵ𶯣ʹ
˶٣üȥԣȴʧˣںϲˡ
С
ҡͷ»صŮԡ
ʥŮЩʧԭƿֻغͻȫ죬ںʮά֮ģȴ룬޷ɹ
ûµСʮ٣Ͼʮǵ޵еĴڶںϵά֮ģҪںѶϣƲȽֻƿصɵͶ١
ο졣
쵹ǲûܵʲôΪһʼûжܳɹںʮά֮ı̫ϣֻŻһԶѣܳɹȻãʧҲûʲô
£һԣ
ŮµʥŮѾԹˡ
ˡ
Ůҡͷ
Ҳڣá
Щ£Ҳ֪ʮԼ죬˶޷ںϵĶôܹںϵˣ
ǣͥɡ

ʮ򣬶һ˲󣬺ŮʥŮ·ͥ
ʱһΣתۼ䣬¹ȥ
֮֮ͥڣһڹȺأĵرȣԶȡ˺ܾ˵ջ
Ҳһ죬ͥڰڳ汦;ˮȣһٴξһ
ܿ죬һռȥҹĻ٣ҹɫҲɢȥ
һ죬ҵŮʥŮԼµˣ׼ȥʮ򡣡
ʮ֮Ѿû飬ƬضǷǳģǣȰȴֻʱԵģΪԭʼԴɻڣǱʮ
׵Ļ໹ʱ䣬ĸ׺ʦ޷ʮǣڹȥʱִ֮ǰ뾡ȫøǿӦ֮ʮ񡣶ʮǿأҪȥʮ


2468 
ȥʮ򣿡Ůжݣڶ

ͷ
ʮ򣬼ʮάأڵʥȾάػҪŨܶ࣬вĹ֮ǰһĵʶѰﵽΣȥʮĸ׺ʦ⣬ѾûĶ֣ʮ򣬲Ҫκ£ֻ辡ȫǿ
ҲţʮĻУʵһܼĵ
ңʮϾʮά֮ĵĹ֮أȥʮһˣܶĸ򣬴Ӷܳɹںʮά֮ġڣʮʵߣֻصҲ֪Ӷﵽ״̬
Ů룬ûٶʲôȥɣһȥע⡣
ʮۺĻع飬໹ʱ䣬ʱþһŬǿһ㣬죬ʮۺ⣬ѾûжˣʥŮǸȥʮҲܰȻУǣУٻӰٶȺͱǿٶȣΪǸȥˣƱصóٵľǡ

ͷȻ֪Լĸ˼ʲô
һ죬ŮʥŮԼµһһֱ뿪ʮǡ
ʮԴڣʱԷǳ뿪ʮǺܿǵپάأھάѰһһֱŵ֮š
ħ˴򿪵Ծάͨʮ֮ţһʮ̤󣬲֪ΪΣ֮ԷպˣȻĸ׺ʦ޷Է֮Ŷʮʮ֮ڣֻܵʮ֮ȥǣһʮ񣬲ʮ̤ʮάأΪһʮ̤ʮôڵʱһоˡ
̤ʮΪ˲̤ʮĸҲ֮ŵ˽˷ӡԼʮʦ⣬˿ơ
Щ£Ů֪ȷӡʽţȻҲǴŮ֪ˡϾʵ֮ͨ˵ķӡ
֮ԣӡһ˵ķӡж
֮ƻãУʮȥ
֮Ҳ֪˶ã֮еͷ
ǰзӡʣй⽻֯
ۣӡ
ɶ񣡡
˻ع飬ѹҪú
Էӡһ˴ɭŭ⡣
֮ͬʱҲӦһеϢ
ˣ
иâҲ֪ǰʮ
㣬ֱйǰĸµķӡ
˲Ϣѣ²ʵʵϣȥҰУɽʣܸߣÿһɽȴŷǳŨȫʥ۶ɡ
ԶЩʥӣյٲһǲ׳
У񵽼ʥķɿĳӿȥ
ʹͷ΢ʮˣ
ƬڣʥŨ̫ˣʱ򾹶ΪȻʥӦɵһޱ̹ĸо
ࣿ
ģ֮ţһΣҲӡ𣿡
ߵķӡҲǼ򵥵Ĵжˣˣѵйأ

طվųƬ飬ǴھάʱôһͻȻ̤֮ǵʮһǲɵñɫֽ¶â
ԺǸйأ£
Ϊ׵һͨڣºֱӱǶˣֳ̧ץȥ
ͬһʱ䣬طһҲһˣеľâǼŨ
ղţǿǶˣ򵥶׵Ĵ֮ŵķӡǿͨӡû˿дķӡⷨţˣֻҪѹ죬ʶеõȷӡⷨţô֮󣬲õȵǵع飬Ҳ̤ʮ½ˣ
һʱ䣬¡¡ģΪ˵ʥԾܵĿռȫˡ
һ飬ץ죬תǰ
ȻõЩˣûжĶΨаƣȻ䵴
͵ģѹʥâȫ飬һ飬ȫĺɿȥͬ𼶵ͨҲǲ⡣
㡭
¿죬һڵǶݣΪ׵ͨҲ⡣
ɨЩˣȻ֪ǶԼֵĿʲôǼȻų飬ΪûӦеʰǵļƬأ޾ѣ
˵
һ
ǵʲôǾʲôûһԼǾ˿ҲûǵľǴģǲȷģ
ʵǰ֪һʮָжûκһΥʮ뷨ǣʱǲɵʳ⡣
һԣ¶ŭݣһϣΪĴڣκβȷ˵½鶼̫ˣûκδڵıҪҵΪȷĴڣֻҵȴڼɣļƬأҵȵʹøǿʹøǿ
ĺǵеù½ˣеùۣеù

ڵ΢٣漴ȷʵвۺһõ㣡˵ţʱɢǿϢȵ󣡡
ԱߣȫһģϢԱޱȰ硣
ת۶ѣ˵ϢƵٽһγһ޴
ⷽ󣬽һϢһ𣬽һ˵ս˲ʮ
˲дأصҵȵĹȣͬʮά֮ģһع飡
ڵĵ󣬺ƺƵĳѹ¡
ҡͷվȰЩʲô
ڣĳʮЩĻκá
ˣ
ɵֻͼ䣬֯ʥͺ嫣ƺƵĳһӭϡ
һΣû飬ɵֻͼһʥܣطȫУһһը鿪ͬ壬Ҳһ顣
ѪˮƮ֮ϣԶһ˲Զȥ
ﬣ
Ϊ貣ӷǳ˵ϢһαǴԶնǰ
һǳˣʹĿⲻɵвɶԶ
ԶգһӰ֣Ϊһ꣬ӼΪ䣬Ϣ
쿴ˣڵʶѰ˵ϢʱŶԷȻһ˲˳㵹ͦ졣


2469 칬
ࡣɨ۱۷ӡ֮ţһ۱ǿǴ߳ҽ鱻ȫɱӡδ˲µдзӡⷽзӡķŸ֪һ
ÿ𣿡
ƽ
ĮԲٶ˵ʲôֱ̧֣ޱϢ
Ƭ𶯣һۼ䣬Ƭɱֱѹ䡣
춯ݣܺˣƬɱȫܿ
ɱԶһƬڣһƬɽȺҡ
֪֮УӦûս
ŵ
ǰڵʶУ֪һУУʮ֮µʮŵսе֪񣬼ԷսȴӵʶѰϢżĳ롣ʱĸоսһѾȥĵһҪǿϼ֡
ѹʶĮʱţԻǿ
Ż䣬һζˣһʮϯƳѹ
üԷʱ̫ǿˣĳԤϣȻһ˿ѹ
ܸоѹǣıȴûʲô仯Ҳˣ泯Էӭȥ
䣡
ײһطƬյܡ
Ͼ߶𼶱ĴڣǷǳǿԣȻʮĿռǳ̣Զάأ˿ȴҲԵЩ
תۣʱȥ߽棬һ·ʮԶƬɽ̮
࣬ñ⡣΢һ˲˲Ŀ죺룬½ȥۺ⣬ôǿˡ
ҲҺ⣬ʵ֪еĵһҪǿ֮ࡣ

䵭Įͻأ䱩ǡ
ٸһλᣬнԽ۷ӡķţһ
죬˵
ֱ̧֣ӾһƬâŶԷնȥ
ñһƽƬâĵķ顣
ᣬȴϧ
˵ţϵͻأһתۼﵽһ˵ĵز
طһʱ·һʥܻɽ˰㡣
ңͬһʱ䣬Żķ򲨶ӿ˳֡
죬죬졣
΢
ʮҲʮάأܹʮάȷ򣬷ֱǷ졢졢졢졢졢ննǡնꡢնġնԴÿһַޱȿ¡
ԭʮʮάʮ֮У֪ÿƿһֻ֣ƿ˼취ѣȴ룬ͶҲƿصˡ
ңԷʱɢϢԱ֮ǰˣǿ̫̫ࡣ
ƣȻһвС
ಣ
ƿصһ˲ѣǰֱֳ̧ѹ
취취Ͷ취໥һ𶯰˻ء
쵱취ն򣬳ʮάӭȥ
΢쾹Ȼƿʮά
࣬һñˣϷȻ֡
˵˳ȥʮԶ
֮ٶȸ죬ܵĿռȫһѳץȥ
⣬أ

˵⻰סӰоֺԻֻصƽ֯ͬʱۺֻۣԷж켣Ѱһ϶һƳ
һƣʥԷֱӱ飬˱Զ
ֻۣƿֻأ
סΣ¿죬¶𺳡
һ࣬Ȼֻƿˣ
ôܣ
ȴǲ˵ʲô΢˲ƼһμǳڶԷǰ
ݣ㡭
ž
һץԷգ϶ԷĻŶԷգֱӽԷѹգرϣĵֱӴѷͬ֩ӿȥ

ŭ𣬰ϢƵѿȥǧԶ
ƫͷԷȥ⡣
ԷʵǰڵʶѰϢȣ̫ˣֻۣѾȫȫˣһѾĵһǿٶʮ֮࣬ȴȻܴѳȥ
ֻأֻأֻأڣ¶̰ͬһ㶢죺࣬ܺãҪˣ
ҶûȤ
쵭Į̧־һٿ켫תۼǻǰ
۵һѪˮŽһ̫ˣδֱܿӱ㱻ᴩ
漴һαڶԷǰֻ΢ֻɱ
һ̣΢ǰĵλÿջ㽥ɢȥˡ
Ǳ塣
࣡㣡Ǳģ
ϷЦ
ƫͷһ̤ͣ
дŵѪϢȴȫʧˡ
ˡ
΢
ֻۣɿһУԷȻֻ֮ѡ
΢Ƭϯ˶٣ֻۺͬʱպϣظԭ
վʮУ˶٣ֱӳȥ
ϢȫʧˣȥѰҶԷ񣬵ʮĿƬʮڱǿʵΪɱ顣
ӵʶУ֪ʮд칬һϲ֮ʮʮԼһڴﵽ˾άε飬Ǿ칬ڣУ챦࣬ȥѹһ

ʮһƬڣһɽڡ
ֻأ
ؿѪȴǴƵľâ̰˷ܵĹ
ڵңĶ֣ͬʱҲԻɲֻأüǿУɸУд̰˷ܣͬʱҲ¶˷񣺡ֻҵģҵģۣǶҪڽ£
ɭĻｻ֯Ƭɽ䣬̤Զʧʾͷ

ʮεʥŨ
뿪֮ǰĵطٶȺܿ죬Ѿ߳˺Զ
˺ŻúƬʮ
ȥǰϺųƬƲ֮Уɹ⻷ơ
ˡ
лһĨâ
Ȼ칬һΨ̤άǿʸ
һ˲ֱӳ칬ȥת۱칬ǰ
칬ǰоеʥҪŨ˺ܶ࣬Ϊˡ
Ϊһľ󣬺Щ档
칬һΪĵ򣬰˵Ӧý䱸ɭϲŶԣкܶŶԣʱȴԵúܰټ֮⣬ͥǰһδ
ΪһоŹ֣˶ٺ󣬼칬ȥ̤ܿ칬֮ڡ
󣬶ʱ䣬칬֮ڣֱӶݡ


2470 ǿԭ
칬ʥŨȻȴѪˮأطòˣٲȻǾһսǣȴûκһߵʬ塣
ô£
ü
ʮ򣬾ֻ֪飬޶ûУһֻһ壬һ壬֪Ҳûңһĺ칬ȴǱòˣѪˮôܣ׷ʲô
˶٣칬Ĵȥ
֮Ƭ칬ڣ󲿷ֵĸ¥ɵѾˣÿһξܿٵѪˮζŨ
ܿ죬칬һ飬ڷ˺ܶرĹŸԼؾĹŸ󣬵ȴǿյģмֵĶȫˣǱ˸˰㡣
ʹԽľùŹˣʮ֮µʮţ֮ǰӦ칬еأΪλ
ѵǡ
΢һ˿˿
ǵɣ
ôһ²⣬ԽúпܣԷʵڵʶѰϢ̫ˣңطضӦ֪ģ֪ĿԻΪ㡣֪£֮ǰԷһսʱȴû¶˿ɫȻǶº⣬ôǶԷΪĿԽǰٷ֮١
ʲô
ü
һʱ䣬ӱһɲõĸо
칬Ե÷ǳ߱칬ûѰκһмֵĶȴʱԵƬ칬֮ڣƬ칬֮
Ϊⷽ칬λãʥŨˣȻǼá
Ƭ칬ڣѡһʥΪŨĹŸ󣬶չء
ֻľתһʱ䣬Ƭ칬֮ڣʥӿⷽ칬Ÿ֮ڽΪҺ̬ȫС
һʱ䣬ľ˿˿ƵΪҲŽıǿ
޾ͷȻѾ·һ󾳽磬󾳽磬ȴûм£Ÿո̤磬ΪȻǻԲ
ˣ
˿˿ƵʥԽ֯Ѥΰ
ͬʱԴ̯ʼ˷նʮά
ʱ䣬ɿţתۼ䣬ʱȥ
ʱ䣬ʮάάȷȫƿأ֮ͬǰƿصľάһȫ뵽ڵά֮ڣʹάһɱ䡣
ΪȻȻҲ˲٣սȰǰǿʮ
¡
Ҳǰһ죬ԵĹԲѹ䣬չصĹŸ顣
ֻǻѰЩ룬Ȼʡȥ˱Ѱʱ䣡
Ц
񷣬죬ֱӱɱ
ڶԷĳ⣬ȴûκμɵָᵯ
וּһһĽâϣٶȿ쵽㣬ŵѹϡ
̧֣һƽâ飬Ϣȫ⡣
⣬ʮάһ֯
ʱţϳѣѹһУĵֻؽ
ʮάϢӿȣֱǼ졢졢졢ննꡣ
΢˱Ȱǰǿ̫࣬Ȼͬʱƿʮά
ЩŹ֣
Į
Ż䣬һһɼǿƴڳ𿪵ʮά򣬴ɵֻͼ𣬺ƺƵֱĳŵѹ¡
ңۺֻһֱӶȫֻӽԷ֣ʮʮάһĳŶԷն¡
㡭
ݡ
Ȱǰǿ˺ܶ࣬ƿʮάڸ֪Ϣ󣬾һΣѹˣȴ룬ǿ˸̶̵࣬İʱȻƿеʮάоҲ˺ܶࡣ
žɫٴζֱ֣Ӽȫӭ졣
ֻǣȴãתۼʥܷ֮·顣
飡
һ죬ĺɡ
쳯ԷȥֻأԵغĮĵƬ칬ƻģеЩ飬ɱˣڴʲô⣿
΢¶ɭɭЦ
ף
Цһ죬嫺ĳϯȥ
漴ûֱͣӵͷߡ
Էһ˲׷϶Է
ﬣ
Х̶ֻؽڳΥĶڱԴһʱ䱬˵ĽԲڵĿռȫһն¡
ۣ
ѪˮŽըȴƤ½ɢȥ
ֻҵģס࣡
ԶմЦ
ƫͷά֮ҲŽ֯Ǹֱӻӳһ
ԶԶģﴫƺߣѪˮɿɢȥ
Ǹüͷ
ǳŹ֣һַǳõĸоԣڸղţѾȫȫȫάءֻۺֻؽȫˣ̵ʱڽԷɱȻ£ԷˣδĽ¡
ʱԷǿ˺ܶ࣬ɢϢ֪Ȱǰǿ˶ٱһ޴ʱ䡣ʱҲ˾޴ı仯ڰǰѾĶ֡
ʲô
ͷ΢
Էߵķȥ׷ԷϢȴѾ׵ʧˡ
´ټҪն

Щаоǳá
ϣ˶٣ɨ칬뿪Զ
칬ŲĹʥ칬٣ңпĹű䣬ȥƬļƬһ飬ʵ
ٶȺܿ죬֮󣬺ܿһΪϿĹڣʥ磬иֹϵ꣬ȴ˿˿Ƶİɫ
ŨһΣյϢ
ơ
΢⣬ƽĳȥ
ʮƬصЩڣûκεĿޣΪ֯شƶǡɣƿصʹط򣬶ЧԸֵƣԣЩ˿޾塣
̤ƬϿѰһЩر䣬ֱһº̤ϿĹȥ
ˣһۼ䣬һʱȥ
һʱ䣬߹ʮ󲿷ֵĹΪս˼ࡣ

ҽԲԶһʥɽд
΢ΪҽУΪоϤϢ
˲̤ȥԶʥɽ֮ڡ
ǰʥ⽻֯һά㤺Ϳ־壬޾ʥְ뵽һڣϢתۼʧӰ١
ͬ壬ַʽǿģ
ź飬쵭Įĵ
飬ǵ


2471 ع
췢ֵҲǷ졣
ֳ࣡ˣ
ȻһЦֱӶ֣ʩܼʥԣƺƵĳϯȥ
΢ԷϢȻһǰһЩ
ûκһĻֱֻۣһ˲ǽԷѹ
΢һ˿⣬ģȴâֱǿˣ
ֻһʹöԷֱֻǿѰԷʶ
һ̣۵һը
࣬ڣûɱٹã㣡
˷
ü΢ֻعɨ˻ģϯĸ
תۼ䣬۵ģΪģԲڣʮѪը鿪
ȫǵ
ǻ
ʵһǰǿһǧֻۣڷԲ֮ڣתۼɱʮȴǷ֣ЩǶԷı塣
ʹ֮ǰΪθоԷϢǰˣԭǱ塣һ㣬ҲͬһʱʹüԷΪλֳôĻ
ֻһ飬󣬽еĻپۼںһ𣿡
в²⡣
Ȳ²⣬ĲøоŨˣʵЩΣա
ԷҰģ±ʮ񻹴
â뿪ֻʼţʼ׷ɱ
ܿ죬߳Զɢһɽмһ߻һپ顣
ﬣ
âԻϢĻǰ۵һ֮ն顣
Ѫˮپ鱣סɪɪ죬һֻۣ࣬㡭
һ̿죬پ飬¶𾪣Եбס¶־塣
֪ʮ£һѾʮ֮µĹУһƿֻ۵ʮ֮ڣվǰܲо㤺η壿
ɨһۣû֮˵ʲôת뿪
һѭʮ£ѵĸԴʮҪ˽ģΨʮѡȻһԷов
飬֣ɱ֡
ܿ죬뿪ط̤ʮһƬһƬҳһһֱնû˿顣
̶̰µʱ䣬ʮ֮ڣɱ˵һٶ߻
׷ֻ˶٣
ü
»ɱԷһٶ߻УѰЩʶȴʧˣʶѰֻǿʩã򣬻ֱӾͻԻ١
ʹеĻУһĽƣ˿ʶյκҪݣ˲Ϣơ
ҾͿ㾿ֶܷٻ
ĵ
ʮ䣬һһֻ߲أһ׷ɱ
ʱ䣬ʧѰĻĨɱ
ܿ죬һʱȥ
һʱ䣬ܹɱ˵ǧ߻ΪȻҲǱøǿһǰ˼ࡣ
ֻأȴû˿ջƿصѾֻôһˣƺ̧Ⱦܿ룬ʼհ첻

࣡
һΪͨĹɽУ谵ĵصףҧȥһʱǧߵĻУЩȫ
ţڲ飬ǱܡԴȸ涼һԾʽٶȻƾŻĸоȴɱǿ
дźŨɱ⣬벻ܹͨô̵ʱôǿ
ɱֻܿɭ
Ļ鲼޾ɱ꣡еʱ䣬գһж鱾У
֯ڵصףۣ谵ĵص֮С

ʮ̤һƬһƬһһ׷ɱ
ʱŵļ죬תۣȥ
ʱ䣬Ⱥɱ˵ĻΪҲ˼ࡣ
Ͼڻȫ£·̫˳ˣ֮£ʵνһǧǿѾԶԶǰȣ˾޴ʱ䡣
Ψһûб仯ǣֻһƿأǰǺ޴
ֻһ˿ܴɣһ˿ȴ·ǵĲ࣬ԶҲﲻ
ʮĵرң񷣺ڵңӦܹ븸׺ʦ
ˣ
ͻȻʮŴ󶯣һɹɵ΢𣬽ǿʢ
ңʼ𶯣·Ҫһĵͬо޽
ʱݣǰĺڷʮ΢˲üΪ䣬âտտ
ϤϢδ֪һٶڱƽʱ䣬žҲ
ˣ
̧ͷ񷡣
¡һռ飬һ嫵ʱ䳤ԻӰԻ
һӣģʣһϮۣˡ
һӣ޳䣬Ʋ
ʦ
켤˲̤ϵʱ䳤֮Уӽǰ
ϾƹĶʦʱټĿľϲ
ϾƹЦſʣԴܺãǿˡ
ʮƺһ֪˿̼죬˿Ҳ⡣
ͷֿһԵӣԾн£ס
ۣ֮ǰѾһΣһվֻ壬ʱϵһμԼס
ϴɫͬϾƹ㣬ԴºЦܺá
ֻô֣ȴǴŴȰͬʱҲһ˿˿Ľ
ܸоϢǿ
¡
ͻȻʱ䳤𶯣
ۣǷǳã
Į
һߴӰʱ䳤̤ʮֹ⻷䵽㣬޾ǳгʮΪĳֶ𶯡
͵һʱ䳤顣
ӵһĿϣʮ񣡡
ѰʶȻ֪ʮò
һ죬ĸ׺ʦʱ䳤Իӹȥʱصִ޷ǣʮʮһع飬һʮ񣬵һνо˶ԷϢ
ǵϢ̫ˣָоͷ·ԷһƬأڶԷǰƶ縡С
ۺϾƹƫͷʮĿȴƽ͡
ʮάʮ죬ŴҴ޾Ԫʸ뱾ͬСʮĿۺϾƹϣһλᣬ𣬻顣
ʱ죬ȴû˿⡣
УֻۺϾƹ
ƽϾƹЦûκһ仰
ϧˡʮĮʱ䳤޷ת޷𡣡
Ż䣬һ˿˿Ƶʥڽ֯ʮŴ𶯣ޱӿ˲Ϣû谵


2472 ս
谵ʮҡ
ټʮһʱ䣬޾Ŷݡ
桭˵Ϣ
ˣ˻ˣ
־ϲ볯ʮȥ
ͬʱһͨĹɽصףݡ
ѾˣĿɭҲöˣȰɿɣһжǱģ

䣡
ʥ죬ϰ˻ġ
ʮ񷣬֮޾ϣ졣
𺳣ʮ̫ǿˣ
ڵʶѰڶԷǿ󣬿ԣȴ̲סľʵ̫ˡ
Ȳ
ʮĮ
Ż䣬֮ϣ޾ӿһ̣ˮۺ
ƽ޾ӡ⣬˵ķ֯ӭԲĶһʱȫ飬еӡ򣬳ʮѹ
졢졢졢졢졢ննꡢնǡնġնԴ
춯ݣ⸸׾Ҳƿеʮά
ӡʮʮάתѹ䵽ʮǰʮռ
ʮ񲻶ɽΨâ͵һǽһж顣
ۣǿˡ
Į
䣬һѹ䣬֮ǰǿˡ
ϾƹָһָʮҡǼʮʮάĲᴩС
춯ݣʦȻҲƿеʮά
Ҳǿˡ
ʮӵĮ
Ż䣬һⷽռһ˲ѹ麣˹ӿ
΢ϾƹˣڣԳǺӰ嫵Ϣ
Ǻǿ󣬷ǳǿ󣬼ǿ󣡵ǣס𣡡
ʮ
һ̣ˣЯ޾麧ˣͬʱۺϾƹ
ۼ޾ӡϣӭ϶Է
ϾƹһˣһɽӶ޾ϳʥܽˡ
ҵײطÿһͨ쳹صĴڣʱ䣬ռ䡣
Ȼվʮǿ˺ܶ࣬ۺϾƹȻ޵оάһ鶼־壬ӭսʮȻȴҲھ·
վԶоâտտԼĸ׺Ͷʦʮս˵ǿʮĿֲͬʱڵѪҺҲһŷڡ
䣡
һɺϢڵֻͬʱֻضһתʮĵս󣬲Ҳ𶯣ޱߵֻ֮֮һʱⷽռ佻֯гƬкֻи
һ̣΢˲ֱӼ˲ʮֻۣƵ޾ֻعȭˣһȭʮ£޾ձ
ʮƫͷлһĨâֻأ
Թȥʱ̤أһʼͿ죬ȴһֱû죬ĿֻۺϾƹϣȴ룬ȫû죬ƿֻأǵΪ޷ƿصġ
ˣ
һȭʮһ̺䵽ʮǰٶȿ켫ǿ
ֻع⣬ûС
ʮ̧֣˲סȭͷоâŨ䣬ҲĮۺˣǱܣ壬ֻܹأ
һֿסȭͷ޾ӿϰ˻ģ
춯ݣ˲ϢʧۺϾƹǰ
ͬʱֻ΢ֻӺֻѪһ𻮳ƺƵĴʮֱûС
һΣֻӺֻѪȷȷʵʵѹ˶Էһ̣ɫ΢ֻӺֻѪɢ¶ʮӰδܵ˿ˡ
ֻûκã塣
ʮ䣬ô˵ţȴǸ䣬һ˲˲Ŀ졣
䣡
޾⽻Ӧֱȥ
ֻûκ壬ǣܹƿֻأһ㣬Ҳ˵мΪµĵطһ̣ۺϾƹø졣
⣬ޱߵӡʮʮάٴν֯ƺƵѹϡ
Ͼƹһ֣ͬʮʮάһɱԷ
һֻ֣֮֮ڡ
ͬʱוּһХ̶ֻؽڻ֮Ӷֻؽ
ΨһԴһֱڣ֮ĲϴȻǿ󵽼㣬֮߶ֻؽʱ𶯳ɱ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ӿʥܷ𶯰˻ġ
ۺϾƹһ˺սʮֱĲ񷶼ű
úವƿһһʮ
ˣ
һԶԶļʮ񣬶Ǽϲ
ȥôƾõ£ǵڻعˣ
ͬʱһҲۺżɵҲź⡣
ˣǣǵ񣬷ͽľƬʮ֮ڣʮά֮ҲѾǻعˡ
ͬʱҲ죬󣬿ֻԼ֯ıԴֻع⣬һʱ䶼ǲɵɫͱ䡣
ֻأ⣬࡭
һ𺳡
һ࣬Ȼƿֻأ
¡
ʥ
ۺս죬սƷڣӲͬķϹʮ
ܺãܲ
ʮĮ
ǿһΧʼû˿
⣬𶯣һ˾Ľȫ𿪡
ɫأȫʮĻ£ֻ꣬ضͲʵѾԼĸ׺ͶʦˣȻ͸ԼʦȫΧʮȴȻǲСΪҪǣʮȴٲȻֻĳ֣ͻԶԶûжȫ

ҧ
ƿֻص㣬
ʮӵĮɫû˿
¡һ֮⻯캧ˣƺƵĳѹ
ͬʱҲͬʱ佫ۺ֡
̫ˣ졢ۺϾƹ֣ٴαˡ
޵£
࣬ͼҵ飬ˣΪǣ
Զһ鿴һĻдĶʮľηԼ羴
ʮθߴʮ񻷻ƣԡ
֧Ŷã
ˣƽĮ֮һ㡣
۲ֽӡһ֯޾ӡͼͷ۶졣
Ͼƹһ޴ĹӰ۶ƻãƿɽһѹ顣
άسӿ֮ƵʮһŤ
˵ĲɢԶһͨɵõŵŵźˡ
ܺãܲ
ʮĮ
Ż䣬֮øǿһЩ˾ˡ
ͷͼתϣС
Ͼƹľ޴Ӱغһ𣬾޴Ӱ漺ȭС
ά֮֮һն


2473 ż
ؽնһУͼѹУϾƹʥӰ̤ƽ˻ġ
ƺ˵㣬һͨľ
̫ǿˣ
ȻʮԣȴƺʲôҲ㲻ϡ

ô֣ʮ̧֣ƬĹԵ
¡¡ģҵĽֻǳƬ̶ѣ졢ۺϾƹͬʱ𿪣ؽ飬ͼѣʥӰҲһѿʧΡ
ѪˮϣһƬʺ졣
ǵѪˮüͷʮ̫ǿˣȫС
ʮˣûмۻʸӳӡ
ǵιΪһȺɵƴ壿˵޾ͷڱأǿ̤ߴԪԸ⳼ǵѣһɡ
κдڵ壬ȡǿǵǿںڰ
۵
һǿݣҪԶ֮·Եɳƺڰʮۣͬˣ˵򵥵ĵף
ס
ƽ
ʮҡͷдʧ
ס
Ц
أ
ʮ졣
ס

̤޹ȡõĳɾͣⲻڰ𣿲ܳǺڰ
ʮеʧŨ漴ӱñ
Դˣ𲻻ٸκλᡣ
Į
һ麧ӿֻƱ㽫ͬʱ𿪡
֮ޱߵ׵罻֯һƺƵѹ¡
ޱ꣬졢ۺϾƹͬʱС
ά֮һ񷡣
ﬣ
̶𶯰˻ġ
ͼٴԻѹ˻ġ
ϾƹʥӰһԻ֮У䱾
䣡
תۼ䣬ײһƬ򣬲񷲻ưܣ̮
ż𡣡
ͻȻĸĮ۴۵һ˫ֽӡһ˵Ϣͻأ佻֯ƿɻذ㣬εĺ˵һʱʮǰ
飡
һ죬һΣʮɣ̼ܡ
нɫѪˮա
ˣ
⡭
ôܣ
طһͨѾ˳ȥԶʱһĻɫ
ǵ޵еĴڣ񣬾Ȼ˻ˣ
Ҳɫ֮ǰ˺սʮδ˵ʮֺĸ׾Ȼͻأʮ˶Է
ղţǡ
𺳡
ţĸ׼Դз򲨶ȴ֪еκһַ򶼶Բϣκ֪άȷȻǵȷȴǿֲ㣬ԱȴɵʮάҪصĲࡣ
ɫѪڿУʮסΣſеѪˮ΢
Խеط㿪ҷ򣿡
ĮĿۡ
Ż䣬¡һ⣬ԱøŨңƱøˡ
ˣѹ
֮⣬ѹϰ˻ġ
λÿջ
Ͼƹڣּؼ޾ʹԻתۼڻУ޾ʻӰƬؼ佻˸ε˵ʮϡ
ۣ
Ѫ˱ŽʮԶؿڳһǰ͸ѪĿġ
һĻʹԶһͨһκݺһ

ǵʮһαˣöˡ
ʮͷԼŴ͸Ѫ̧ͷϾƹ
ҲԼķ򡣡ؿڵѪɿϣϾƹۣǹȻܺãʱ䳤޾£ҲϢﵽһ
һ⣬ԸǿоâտտѹۺϾƹ
ż𣡡
λÿջ
ۺϾƹͬʱ֣ķϣ˵ϢһС
䣡
䣡
䣡
˵ʥܼ˼սС
ɵòһʱ䲻ɵסˣͫʾҵ˸
һ̣Լĸ׺ʦս֯ķ򲨶̫̫ˣȫĻӣ֣ķƺҲƿزˣǾͺΪֻضֻضɽ㣬ֻֻرԴ¿ʩչˣ˭
ϼԴԼķ⡭
Ĳ
ĸ׺ʦ⵽жǿάȷ֮⣬Լķȷƣؼ֪άȷУֻֻزѹơ
һ̣ĸ׺ʦȻʮսƽ֣ȫƣ
ô᣿ܰôܣ
ԶһͨĿĲš
䣡
䣡
䣡
ҵĽ棬˵ķһƬƬĺƵ
ۼżϾƹʩλÿջʮǺƥ֮⣬һȫʧȥһʼǵѹԵƣַ֮£ռϷ
һԶԶĿţһڲٶ֡
ԭΪԼӦúԼĸ׺ʦһǿˣȴ룬վǴˣЩڲϽʱ䳤Уڹȥʱĸ׺ʦҲڽȻǿԼķ򣬱ʮʮά򻹿¡
¡
Ϣˣ֮嫣ײ𶯰˻ģƬű
ܺã
ʮô֣һƬĮ
Ż䣬ʮУһ
̼䣬¡һɽʧɫһɼΪ˵ķϢƻɽ緢
¡һۼĺżԼϾƹλÿջ
飡
飡
죬ۺϾƹͬʱˣѪˮ
ףʦ
æӭȥ
޷
۵
ϾƹǵѪʮЦӦ˵ǿ顣
Ϊ񣬵һʮ־
ʮĮ
־ϾƹЦˣʮά֮ΪβϿ㣿
ʮĿĮһжҪʱ䣡һգΪ
Ż䣬¡һĵһһ𶯣򲨶졣
춯ݣ֮ǰЩԷʮ񻷣֮ǰЩ͸ŵһ𶯣ˡʮһǿǿԼķ򣬶ңʮ֣۳˷񻷡
ʹһθоʮĿֲʮԼķ
䣡
ӿķ򣬵һʱ䳯ƵۺϾƹͬʱ֡
۶֣ż߶ޣǰӭϡ
Ͼƹ𶯷ӡλÿջӭ϶Է
ʱٴһ֣άر߶ޣңƿصάȷʱһȫֻ֯ؽ֮ϣ͵һն
䣡
˵ǿսںһ𣬻һķ籩ʮķӭϡ
أ
ʮ󣬵ڶŶ
¡һһָ˵ķ򲨶ӿѹˡ


2474 Ҿ
򲨶ˣ졢ۺϾƹ붯ݡ
ûκһ˿ԥͬʱˣԼǿʮķӭϡ
¡
һʮռһһܼĴѷ졣
졢ۺϾƹ뱻ĺˣɫǱò԰Щ
ĵڶ򣬺棬а֣һֱһǿ
ϾƹʱھƣȴǴЦ
֪ⲢϾƹпɾѹʮĺֶΣǱԸ񣬳˵ʦĻתʱʲôǰƵᡣ
뽫Ƭ򡣡
۵
ʮһ̤ʮô漸ƬأɽԵġ
վһĿƽϢԭ֮ǰѾǴ߶˸۷壬߶һǿȣʱȴǽһοʼһǿ
ǣǱ޾ⳡսУڣֻҪԸ⣬ֻҪżᶨض̵ܹʱ׷ǣԽǡ
Ͼƹ
춯ݣ֪Ͼƹ⻰Ƕ˵ġ
ǣʦ
ۺֻͬʱ𶯣޾ֻ֮֮⻷ϣԭѾƣͬϾƹ۰㣬һƵıǿ
ʮûгûʮ񻷻ƣϾƹۺ죬䵭ĮУһƵĹԽ֯飬ĺܴǣԴϳԽԴƿֻأǲǴ࣬ǱȺܶ飬治Ըɱǣɱ̫ϧˡ
ջ֮ǰĻٸһλᣬ汾һ𣬴·ǰ̤ߴԪǵѣԸһɡ
˵
Զһ鶯ݡ
ǵ޵еĴڣȻһٶ½ʿ
Ŀǰ·̤ߴԪΪԽܡ
ҡͷ
ͬ
Ͼƹ
û˵ʲôҲܽܶԷĻ
ʮϴʧһ˲䣬ٴαĮִԲ򣡡
¡һ嫵ķϢӿ󣬵һ񻷺͵ڶͬʱ𶯣ֿµķ򲨶һ֯ƺƵĳ졢ۺϾƹѹ
Ͼƹ䣬Ŀƽӭϡ
ӿʥڳֹűǿż

ͻأڣôĸ֡
¡һ˵ķϢɽʮĵһ͵ڶ飬һʮһʮǧԶ
춯ݣµҷ򣬸֮ǰĺżĵڶ׶Ρ
ͬʱԶһͨɫ
ǵ޵һα۸ˡǵӡУǵ޵ؼ䣬κ˶Ƕ֣޾ǰۺֻܽǵȥʱǣƣУǾȻαˣˡ
ʮǧ֮סΣɫû˿仯һǰ̤
¡һ󣬵һ񻷺͵ڶ񻷱ø財
ʮأ
Į
ַ򣬽ԴԽʮάһ̱޵ܡ
Ƭռ䣬Ϣ𣬻Ϣ
첻ɵһϢ궼ɵ÷ĸоǿ¡
λ޼
Ͼƹڣһ˲䵽㣬ƱֻۻҪ£С
͵һʱ䴫ʮַƬһɲκλϢķ򲨶ϣ֮صףƬɳ
ļ£ǲ¡
λÿջڶΣ
ǿ
඼ɵó¡
ʮַ߶޵ʮ񣬾Ȼһ˲ͱ˵صס
Լĸ׺ʦһ̣ܹĸоΪܹȵλڵʵȴ±ʮ̫֮࣬ˡ
¡
𶯣һƿһʥʮԵصڶ
ܺãǳã
ۺӱøĮЩ󣬵񻷿ʼԡ
һɼΪ˵ķϢͬˮư㵴ĿռžҲ
ۺϾƹ䣬Ϣٴ
Գɵķ򲨶Ž֯ʮӭȥ
סʦĻǱԶǴǿԶǿ졣
۱
µ˲䣬ˣϾƹһԳƵķ򣬺ƺƵӿ
񵴰˻ģ
Įһ𴫳
ʮ󣬵𶯣µԴ֮֯١
ۺϾƹ֣Եķӭϣøǿ
䣡
ײʥ졣
һԿԼĸ׺ʦսʮ棬һʱ䲻ɵ¶տտľâڵѪҺͬ˰㣬ʼڡ
ֻͬʱ𶯣ʱսԼĸ׺ʦʮ֮࣬ȴ޷˵ĳȥһ𣬹ͬӭսʮ
һ߼սһ߽֯ŨľâۿԼĸ׺ʦԳɷ򣬹ۿʮַ򣬾ûа취ѧᣬȴ̼֮
ʦ͸׵ĻֻҪԸ⣬ֻҪţܼٵıǿ
䣡
䣡
䣡
˼Ƭռ䲻סĺ治ס̮
УʱƣâøŨϵϢŲϱǿ
ȫһǧѷս
Ҫսв
ԼܲϱǿһδεĹʮ񣬴湥һδαˣһδαɣѪˮڱŽȴû˿ȴ

ܺá
ۺͬʱڡ
ʮĮϣֳ̧ץȥ
ޱߵķ򣬺ƺƵѹ䡣
ȷŹСӣԸΣ
ϾƹЦλ޼ӭϡ
û˵ʲôʮǧһ
ڵĲ򷨽ɱ·ϣȻóǲʮһ̴š
ʮߣƿֻصˣСӣ
󣬵Ÿ˵ʥ꣬񵴰˻ķ򣬽һжѹ
ϾƹЦ۲ӭʮ
Բ湥еʥԱԽԽŨڵάȷ򲻶⽻ڣһʱǧ򻯡
תۣյʱȥ
֮һʮĵ貵㣬ϢϾƹɣ̯ʥ޾ֱĳץȥ
ҲʱУʥԱʵ㣬ͬһƻ֮⽻֯
˫ֻһķ򲨶¶ٵıǿҾ졣
䣡
˻ش𶯣һһӿϢͬǻķ籩㣬Ϊʼ㣬ʮϯ
ۣ
ѪˮŽʮ̽Ĵ֣һʱǷը
漴һ̣۵һɫѪˮһν
ʮСӷ飬Ѫģ
ˣ
Զһͨ󺧣ֹסĺݺһ


2475 άȻع
ɫѪˮڿУƬʡ
ôܣ
һͨţǵ񣬾ȻС
ǰ£
ֽ׶εķǿ
ϾƹЦ
۵ͷ¶Ц
Ե㣬ɻǽоâ֯˳
յʱ䣬ڻֻάȷ򣬹ۿۡϾƹʮķȫĻǱܣһ촴Լķ򣬳Խʮά
ʮн֯˿˿Ƶԣתۼǻָһ˲˲Ŀ졣ۺδܻĵ򣬾˲ң
ʱ̧ͷԷ
оâ㣬ʱĸоԼʦԼ׵սˡ
һ̣ʮϣķ򲨶һƵĻơ
̧֣Գɵķ򲨶ȭˣһȭ
ˣ
պһʥı졣
ʮĵһȭ飬ȭͷؿڡ
ʮĮ̧ӭϣԽָԷȭͷ
ȭͷ뽣ָײһײ̶ĺһ绡Ͻ֯ž졣
Ҿ죡
쿪ڣȭˣͬɽ㱬ŤУУѹС
۵һʮĽָ飬ȭͷһεԷš
ʮܣȻŤĿռȴ֮ء
ۣ
ȭͷؿڣŹᴩ
ɫѪˮķɽ
ͬʱוּһֻؽ𶯣Ľ֮Ҿ취򣬻һĿ磬תۼʮǰ
С̫ˣ
ʮ
Ż䣬Ϣ𶯣һʥܺ
һֻؽɣҲͲƷȥǧɶԶ
ʱԳɷܹƿֻأûеǱʤ𡣡
ĵôһ仰һ̣Ӱǰ˲ƶҪ죬ȻֻҲȫûп壬ֻϡоϢ
ķء
ʮԼĮĵһƳ䡣
첻˿⣬һʱ佫ʥܴ߶ޣֻͼӭϡ

һ죬ɵֻͼ飬ʮĴӡֱؿڡ
һ˲䣬оһʯײؿڣȳһھѪͷ顣
ҧ˲Զͬʱֻľתоɫʥƣת֮ʹüƻָ
¿ʮͷɵ𶯣Էʵ̫ˣ·򣬾Ȼ˲Ҫ죬ֻ۶Էƶ켣
Ҫ֪ΪѾĸ׺ʦ˰ΪֻضͲʵֻۣ֮Կ
ж죿
ʮĺ񻷣Щ񻷣ҲжԷԴķ۶ɣһֱһֿ£ʮʤ
޵֮ܣ
Ȼʱ뵽Щǣȴû¶˿ļɵ
۶ԷжǿⳡսĿĲı䣬ҪԷʮ
һҪʤԷ
ܲ
߹һʮЦŵеĿ佱˿Ҳڡ
Ͼƹǰû˵ʲôЦŵͷ
ʱ䣬Լķһɱ䣬ֵǿ佱
漴˵Ŀ⣬ʮϣϢ˿˿
ҲʮԵ֣ء
ʮˣĿңңʮһλá
ƴһսΪ˱Ϊܱס
Įĵһ㣬·֮⣬תۻʣͨʮ;άص͵һµһεķӡᴩ֮һ·Уάһ˵֮ŵķӡһ١
иУ΢ȻܹоĵԼµķӡˡ
ʮκ飬Կɴй֮š
ǣɱȥ
ʮĮĵ
һǽиУ˲Ϣʮ˼
ǣ
ɱ
һĿâ˷ܣ볯ͨȥ
룡
ֻ𣬳ƬֻعƺƵϯѹϰ˻ġ
һʱ䣬һ·նϣֱдƬ
ʮԣֻعⲻʲôͨԣȴѡ
ʮߣʥ⶯ѹ죬ٸһĻᡣ
£һٴζͨžάص
ʲôɢƽϾƹڣҲʲôһˣǲǺҪʮά֮Ϊȡ
Ż䣬̧ͷ򵥽һӡεĹԽ֯
ͬһʱ䣬άأʮǣ䣬һƬһƬʥ𼶵Ϣڽ֯޾ԣÿһ䣬Ǳȫ
⣬⡭
ô£Щʥơ
ʮڣ޾ͬʱɫ
һ˲ѣŹڣеϢʧάصһƬ嫵Ĵ֮ڡ
ͬʱʮ𶯣ǿεǿŻֱûУʧάأھάأ˳žάͨʮ֮û룬ûȥñǳʮ򣬳ϾƹŰɶԶλá
ųʮʮΧһʱøʺͺ嫡
һĻʹ쵱ݣʮǣϾƹǿƵ
һɨ֣ʮȻѾûκε飬һ˲֪ˣһϾƹֶΣʮڵˡ
ۺƽȻ֮ǰѾ֪¡
⣬ǣ
ĺģʮά֮ģ
Զһͨ鼤¶ݣʱǸоʮǵϢôԣʮ򹲴棬Ϣһ
һ̣ʮǣһʱ䣬Ҳû鳯ضȥ
ʮеһ¶տտâһ˲˲ĶϾƹʮǡ
ܺã
ڵ
ʮά֮ģһ鶼ݲλڣȴѰˣ
Ż䣬ٶ˵ʲôֱ·һ˲Ϣǳʮǽǰֱץʮǡ
ʮά֮ģĺģʮ򣬶ΪҪĴڡ
ٶȼ죬һ̣ʮϢʧһλá
£αôڵ㣬վںϲòϿɣ룬ǡ
ϾƹЦ
춯ݣ⻰һ˲˺ܶࡣ
Ͼƹʮ²㲼ãȻںȴȲƶʮǣȻʮ·Ҳ첻Ͼƹ
ҲˣϾƹȲãΪľгһգʮʮά֮ģʮԼʹʮ֮½硣


2476 µ
ʮϾƹӱøĮ
һ̣ˣһζץʮǣǼϾƹɱȥ
ңķ򲨶֯һ֡
˵ĲȽǣеʱ䣬Ϳ֧Ŷá
Į
¡
ʮռճƬƬŤ
ʮзٶȿ켫ת۱ǳϾƹǰһȭϾƹ
ٶȣ޿ɱܡ
ﬣ
̶ХصһĽն֯żķ򲨶
ʮܿһۡ
㿴壿
ĵ
Ҳݣʮ·򣬱˲ƻҪ죬ĸȴȻĲ׽Էڹؼʱն񽣣ȶԷܡ
۲ּ񽣶ϣһնϯ콣âƺƵնԷ
ʮ󣬵˸·ʩչϵλá
Ȼ۵Ľ⣬ȴÿÿ׼ȷƽ
ʮʥԽ֯ʮһȦԴ⳯ܵ
ԣ
ĵ
֮УһһӡԻ鲼˷ԲڵÿһգλãȻۡ
ԭˣ

ҲȻȵӡ鲼ʮռ䣬ʮƶκλãᴥӡĸףƾŵӡ𶯣׼ȷĲ׽ʮĹ켣
ۡ
ϾƹЦ
ʮĮ񵴰˻ķ֯ûʲôˣ飡
񵴰˻Դĵϯеӡû֡
Ȼһ̣ʮüŵȻûһӡ顣
Ҳӡ顣
ƽ
ʮĮǾն㡣
Ż䣬һ򡢵ڶ͵ͬʱ
ޱߵķϢƺƵѹۡ
ۻӶ񽣣𶯰˻ģʮһС
Ǹף
н֯âתϱԴʩչ֯ƣÿһ϶ֻرԴϢͬ׵ĵӡ㣬Ʋ顣
Ҿ죡
ûκζĶ̤ʮֱӱҷ
ϾƹЦޱߵӡԻͬһ㣬֮׽ʮĹ켣
λ޼
ڶεҷ۵ļҾ취򣬽ʮֱ֡
¡
ҵײطƬĿռ𣬳ƬĽ̮
˺ķӦʮĵķ£һʱʹʮơ
Ҿ죡
һοڣҾ취߶ĸǿ
ء
λš
ۺʱڣһ̼εԴ
ȵηһϢѹǹҾ취򣬰˻ҡ
͵ģʮԺͷâתۼ
ۣ
ɫѪˮŽӱ飬Ŀġ
񣡡
Զһͨٴη
սǵ񣬾Ȼһδεıˡ
ʮȴ治ɫĮ
ôһ󣬵񻷿ʼ
һɼΪ˵ķϢƵΪģ졢ۺϾƹ
ۣѪˮ̱Žͬһʱ䱻ĺɣѪģ
Ž巨ѡϾƹѪȾѪȴǴЦǣѾȫˡ
ǻȾѪɫƽ˵ʲô
Ҳ˵ĲᣬͬϾƹһ㣬ʱ򣬻½Ѫ
ɫأֻضάءֻֻۡؽҾ취еƣóˣʦ͸һ𣬵ȴκβʮ
Է̫ǿˣ
ʮȴָǿķδʩչַ򣬱ضһֱһֿ£һֱһֲֿ󣬶Է۷սжǿᡣ
ʲôֶΣ𾲵ʩչ
ʮ
ϣŵ졢ۺͬųһ㡣
ʲôֶΣѾˣⲻ
ǴԪϵĲ࣡
Ϊ
ԶһͨԶԶĿߣʮĿĳ羴
Ҳʱһ𣺡á
ԶٻӰ̤Ůӡ
ŮʥŮԼ¡
ʮǱƶʮȻиУԴˣʥŮ֪ۻعˣҲ֪ʮҲӹȥʱִʮ˴սǰʮһ̣ط
ʮɨˣӵĮû˿Ůˣ⡣
ǿоŮԶԶ޷졢ۺȡ
ʦ춯ݣĿϣˡ
£ɫҲϲɫ
š
µͷ
ʱۺϾƹȻҲǿŮʥŮ¡
Ǻˡ
ϾƹۣЦ
۵ͷ¶ѾϾƹ֪Ͼƹ˼
ˡ
죬Ŀº͡
䣬ͬʱˣֻһ˾սС
һĻʹԶһͨ鶯ݡ
ǵĸоۺϾƹٻҪǿʮңڣڣȴȻˣսУǼΪ⡣
ʮҲ΢ǶԴ˲⣺ۣʲô˼
ƿֻأͬѰսվǱȲۺ˺ܶ࣬ȻʱǿۺȴȻ뿪սý벻֪ͨۺ̰֮
⣬˿˿ʥԽ֯ɫʥ̤ϣʮȥ
̬ʮ΢
ƺܶԱˣͻȻţ
쵭Ц䣺Ϊˡ
䣬ĵĵͣͬΪʥ
䣡
⣬ʥϢǣһּʽҪͻʡ
ֻת۶ѣϢٱ
Ϣûֹͣǿڳֱǿǧͣ¡
ʮݣһ
ϢȻһ˲ǿǧ
ǧ
ԼҲݣŲɵͣ£ͷ￴ȥ¶ɫ
ֻضɽڵֻضԼȫֻرԴǰǿٱսڣȴȻһǿһǧ
ǿҵΡԶֻضɽͬʱĿ͵Ŀ죺ȥɡ
⼸ʱΪһֱڱչأֻضɽվǰȡ˳Чʹֻضɽñ¸ǷֻضԷӳӾ˵ЧΪǿս
ԣ΢˲ͲµЩضֻضɽ
£ижʱû˵ʲôһת¿ʮ
ʮн֯â࣬ñ𿴿ڵ㣬жǿ
⣬һ򡢵ڶ򡢵򡢵ķ͵巨һƣͬʱĵ񻷶һ֯űǡ
䣬һ̶ˣһ̤˲ʮǰ
ʮݣ㡭
飡
ȭֻһȭַ֮ᴩԶ


2477 ʮά֮
ɫѪˮУĿġ
ʮ񱻹ᴩɵĹУѪˮɽײһƬһƬա
Զһͨ󺧣桭ˣ
ʮסΣԶ죬䵭Įм˿˿â
ࡣ
죬
ʱѾͬʱ˵һ򡢵ڶ򡢵򡢵ķ򡢵巨͵򣬿ǣеķȴȻһȭͻˡ
һ̵죬ĸоˣȸ棬Զ֮ǰɱȡ
Ϊ𡣡
ƫͷ￴ȥǸоĵı仯Ǻйϵ
Įâгɱն£ƥ
΢ֻع⽻ֱ֯ӽʮµɱâķ顣
Ķҡ
Į
ʮɨ£ֿ죺ˣܲ
Ż䣬˲ʧˣ쵽˶壬
ͬһʱ䣬췴ֱ֣һƳŤ˿ռ䡣
ʮݣæ˫ֽǰ
һ̣˫ֱϣһֱֱۣһεĽ֮ɳȥǧԶ
ģڵңá

ʮ΢ţ·򣬶죬ղȴûƽ֯ȥӦƶ켣ǽƾĿͿƶ켣
֮ǰܴ󡣡
ʮ
Ż䣬¡һƿʼ󣬵񻷿ʼ𶯣ҫ˻ģתۼǱǡ
ǧն
Į
һʱ䣬ΪģޱߵĽâƵӸ򣬳ϯ
Ϣ
ۣ𣿡
󷽣ԶϾƹЦۡ
¡
ƽ
ࡣ
ϾƹЦ
һ̣ʮ߷̫ˣǿˣҲûĿԵӭ㲻ҲԻش
ŮʥŮɫ΢ЩֻԶԶĸȷ򲨶һ궼Ҫ˵ĸо
ѣʼպֻضɽͬʥö
߷תۼѹ䵽ǰ
Ҳʱ춯ˣָᵯһŽǿĳ㡣
͵һʮĵ߷˲󣬽Ʋһ䵽ʮǰ۵һؿڴᴩƬĽɫѪˮ
ϾƹЦˡ
ҲЦˡ
ʮ΢Ѿ˵߷򣬿ȴһָ͸ˡ
ӭŶԷǳƽ
£ˡ
ϾƹƺʮŻ䣬һ̣ʮǰ
ʮ񵱼ݣһ̣ٶȱ֮ǰˣȫӦ
ˣ
𶯣ȭֻǴȭͷһȭѹ䡣
Ȼ򵥵һȭʮռȴ˲䱻ȫʹʮͬа㣬һʱĶʧȥˡ
һ̣ȭͷؿڡ
ۣ
ѪըһΣǿʮйǷɽ
ˣ
Զһͨ
޵е񣬾Ȼ˺
¡
ʥâͲй䶯תۼһʮٴξ۳Įץ졣
ӵĮֻ̧ӽޱߵֻؽ⻯һƬѹʮ
Ľƣһʱѹʮϵÿһ䣬ʹöԷողؾ۳̼ǱᴩѣѪˮһνϡ
¡¡ʮתۼٴؾ۳
ﬣ
һ򵽵߷ͬʱڣһĿʥʮңޱȣƿնء
ܣֻ΢ޱȵֻع⽻֯ʥ顣漴һ̣޺죬һͷɸߵֻؾ޸ʮȫֻع۶ɣʮһצմض䴩
ۣ
ʮһըδܿסֻؾһצ
̳ɽʮ񱻹ᴩҽصףʹõ渡Ƭѷ졣
û׷ϣĮĸŵصס
䣡
һ̣ʮӵص׳ɻʮ񻷡
£Ըأʮ֮£أܹƬƬһܹжٵ֪ҪЩأƱ޾̫޵ʮ񣺡ԸƬأʮά֮ǹ黹ǣҵĸ׺ʦҲκε
ʮʮ񻷻ƣ죬αû¶УҲûŭĮ䣬ĻĿԵøЩ
ֻ֮һ飬ȹ˶ٸԪĸײ֪ʦ֪㲻֪ԼҲѾˣĹȥ̫ˣõѾǲ塣죬ƽǶԴƬʱʹﵽȾ磬·Ҳ߲ȥˣǾͷ·ǣǰһţĹرţƲ
̳һֱѰͻƵ·һںʮά֮ĵĹУȻʧˣʼ䣬о˸ߵĴԪϵ硣
ҪǱĴӦúΪﵽȲΣǴҲԲûԵɣʮʮά֮ϣиߵĴԪ磬ӹɣ˵ֻǣվֻпӵõ֮ҲԸӦˣǾͷ·ǣ²ص飬Ϊʵδﵽһ㹻ʱӦϲصıڣѰǰϲص·
ƾǵʸ֪ɹںʮά֮ģҲԾ߱ɴͨߴԪŻΪˣҪصһȫʮ׳ʮںʮĺʮά֮ģԴɱ䣬ʮصͨߴԪ
죬н¶ƵĹ࣬Σ汾һһأʮµļǿأԴͨߴԪ·ˣҵȽߣǿǰ·֮ˣΪ͸Ի͵·
Զݣʮ֮ϣиߴԪ
ʮһά
ͷ𶯣Ϊ𺳣һҲʮĻΪȷʵͬԷԣԶԷΪ磬޶Ĵһʸоôǵȸоһʵӹɣ
ҵ֮ϣи߲εĴԪСǿأ⡭
ˣǡģ
ôܣ
Զһͨ𺳡
һֱΪʮߵȵĴԪȴǴǵе֪ʮ򲢷ߴԪиϵأܲݣ
⡭
󷽣ŮʥŮɫ
ֻضɽ£ҲĿ΢
ۺҲݣӽ΢һδʮȻ


2478 ɱ
ʮʮάأڴ֮ϾȻиߵĴԪʵ̫ˣǣ˵񾭡
Σࣿʮоâƣ죬ֿۺΣ汾һ𣬿ӻԻ͵·̤ߴԪţ
ͬ
ϾƹЦ֮ǰ֡
ܡ
۵Ļܼ򵥡
Ϊʮ֮ϻиߴԪ𺳣ʮٴ룬عƽҡͷ
޾Ի͵·νţɡʮƽҿɲԸúڱҼңʵ˵ͦ¡
һֱеģ£ȥҲԲȴǾãҪ̤޾ȥͨߴԪ
ʮΪȻɴ߲Сڣǿߺȥںߵۣ
ٵҲ⣬ʵҺ⣬Һܺ¡
ƽ
ʮӳô˵ǾܾҪΪ½һȺ߶𣿡
Եúƽһ̣ʦְתδָǰ˵һ仰
Ϊɵۣ鰲
˵
ʮɫٴαãһΪɵۣ鰲
Ż䣬һ󣬵һ񻷷⣬ڰ𶯣ڣƣ˲ϢﵽһΪ˵ĵز֮ǰǿ̫̫ࡣ
Ǹо˶ԷʱƵǿᣬǣûб仯
ٶȿ켫ֻһ˲ͳʮǰһȭѹ¡
ʮĮһ򵽵ڰ˷໥ڣһӭϡ
ߣתۼײһ
ĹԣƬĵ



ղϵܣױ𣬶ʱھԻָ
ڰ˷ʮƺһɱ䣬Ʊ֮ǰǿ̫̫࣬һӭĹϣײһ˿һ·
ĿʼǺƽȭ໥ӣһδӭ϶Էķɱ⡣
ܿ죬ʮȥ
ƬĴر״ıģ
ҲʱӡԼķ򣺡Ҿ졣
¡
պʥ졣
һǧսһ̴Ҿ취ƣԶԶ֮ǰɱȣ̼ʮз򣬽ԷֱС
ۣ
ѪŽʮ飬ֻʣԶ
¿죬Ӹȴûֳŭĸо
ɨֻضɽ£Ŀ⣬ٴϡ
һ̣󣬵ھ񻷿ʼŹâ
һΣ˵伺ƺΪһƬĻ籩
һĻʹü
һ̣չֵھŷʮǿǧսȴһѹǺܴѹ
ǵһ顣
ô
㣬еºԶ˵ʮҲΪȻʮ򱶵ʱ䣬ȴɱƵȵزóݣ˿Ϊ
ʮȻ˵ųʱıȴûֳС
˿ŶԷϢǽڽ
һ̣ٴսһ
ǧת
ʮ񿪿ڡ
󣬵ھ񻷱貹âϢ졣
һΣһȻΪµĹϵǧսȴǱĺɣһ˿˿ѪˮһƬʺ졣
վǲУǵ޵еģ
챻ʮˣϣһڵǲɵΪ֮ݣ߬˫֣̲סôڣʵ֮ǰʮλˣʱתʮˣǲɵøеܡ
ʮûЩѪ죬ɨԶѵ£Ŀٴ䵽ϣڵ㣬ԶԶûжȫҪʲôñ𿴿ڵ㣬жǿ
ǵѪʮ񣺡Ҳһʮܹжǿ
ܷȱ
ʮ䡣
Ǿԡ

Ż䣬˲˲ʮ
ˣ
ûиӵĶӶֻȭһȭ޾ȭˣɽ̮нڳݣв飬ǳڱ٣ڻ
һȭ֮ʤ֮ǰҾ취Ϊֻȭһ
ʮ̧֣ھŷ򽻻ȭˣתһȭӭȥ
ȭתۼ俿üһ˲Ҫײһ
Ҳʱ˲ʧʮһࡣ
ˣ
һȭʮϡ
ѪŽʮɣ̵廹ڿб۵һը
ܾʡ
Įãһ֣֯Ũķ
춯ݣʮھŷ񻷣ܡ
̫ͻأ̫վûܹܿУͬʮ㣬ǿ̵ֻ壬˿
Ѫ⹾¡¡䶯ͬķʮͬʱ۳
жŵâһ̣һζˣԷ
䣡
ҵײٴ
ֻؽӶޱߵֻؽ⣬ֻͫնĴưܡ
ʮ󣬵һ񻷵ھ𶯣֯ޱĻʥԡ
Ӱ˸𶯳һһֵ͸Ⲩ
оâ㣬սʮ˸׺ʦĻԼ޾Ǳܣսʮ޵дΪֻ֣ҪԸ⣬һԽٶȱǿ޾Ǳܽš
һʱ䣬ӱۺֻͬʱ֯ʥԣһʮսһ߲ԷĸͨһҲ
ʱʱƣľԽսԽǿϢԽԽ̺;ˡ
ʮ΢Ǹоı仯ϵѹʱǿ˼ࡣ
ͬʱۺϾƹҲǸоһ㣬ϵЦøŨЩ

Ͼƹ
û˵ʲôĿº͡
Ƕܸоʱʼٴνˣңٶȷǳ졣
¡
漤ңʥڡ
켤սʮʮռ䲻ϵı٣ƬѪˮסϡ
ʮѪҲԼѪ
һۣµʱȥ
µļսϵƲϵԴŵĹâԽǿʢ
Ҳһ죬ֻͣضɽĿԽԵᡣ
£
Ů΢ʱֻͣضɽЩɻ
Ѿûˡ

µļսڲһգΪԴȣǷʮɱ䣬ֻضɽѾӰ쵽ֻرԴֻضҲѾûˡ
ڵ죬ѾǿֻضֻضɽӰ첻ľ硣
䣡
ʥϯ˻ģûֻضֻضɽ֧ţһȭʮ䡣
ûֲ̫ƣȭȴɼ˲ϢݻС
ۣ
ѪˮŽʮһα飬ѪȾ졣


2479 ͱ
ˣ
Զһͨ鲻ɵóǴ
ǵһαشˡ
Ѫ䶯ʮתۼ۳񣬾âŨ
ͬʱҲ䡣
޾Ǳܣ࣬Ľ̫ˡֻǣҲֻܴﵽͱһľ磬أݲ̤ߵΡ죬ĲǺͱһ𣬴ͨͨߴԪ·ǿ̤߾磡
ҡͷ뿪ǰ·ԸһȥŬȥʵ֡ǣĿǰ·Ҫ޾̫̣ǰ·塣
ǾսɣǱɱ㣬ظԻ͵ǰ·ɱ𣬼²ؼ䡣
ʮĮ
󣬵һھ𶯣תۼøǿ
һӿʥܣһһϯϰ˻ġ
Ŀƽȴ䣬һ˿Էƽ֯ҪǿһЩֻضɽǿһǧսʱҪǿƽĳʮӭϡ
תۼ䣬˳Էײһ
ӶֻȭͬʱԦֻؽÿһնǳƬֻؽ⡣
ңеάȷԴҾ취һ֯ϣһһɵķˣ
һʱ䣬ʮڣƬƬĽ̮ƬƬܡ
飡
ֻȭһȭʮؿڣȭͷ΢Էĺɡ

Į
Ż䣬ֻؽһУУֱһն¡
וּһһΣֳֻؽԦǿ̫̫࣬һʵһ˷žתۼǽʮᴩ
ɫѪˮŽʮ飬Ѫй졣
Ҳʱһɫʥ쵽㣬۵һؿڡ
ǰѪҲѪһɷͬʶڿʼ⡣
΢ֻرԴƵȷ٣ֻؽϣһնһƬֻؽĽҪʮ׵նƻ
ʮǿƥתۼ۳Ľǳǿ󡣡
ô˵ţƽ죬һ˽ɫȨȸ
ˣ
ȨһƬԣһƬ쵴
͵ģնֻؽ⣬˲ȫ顣
Ȩȣ

˵⻰оâ㣬¡һ׾Υʩչ֮еάȷԼҾ취ֻؽնһ
ʮ䣬Ȩȣ֯޾Ĺӡһӭϡ
ײ¡һء
Ļ޾Ĺӡ٣Է
ﬣ
䣡
ХȨ˵Ʋ
ƣʹѾ˳Զһͨ鲻ɵٴԶˣ
Ƚ棬Ϣ̫ˡ
Ͼƹ۲ǰĿⶼϡ
ȻѷʤҵĵӳԽˡ
ϾƹЦ
ҲЦӮˡ
ĺӣǣ죬ûʲô̵Ͼƹ·Դ˺Ͼƹһֱչ죬졣죬ӣϾƹĴУ쳬ԽھϾƹʤ
䣡
ʥܺƵͬ˰
޵ɱ䣬죬ѾҪֻضֻضɽѾӰ쵽Դ𲻵ˡǣսǱ֮ǰֻضֻضɽǿ̫̫࣬սʮѾûκεѹ
ң񣬴Ϸ
飡
һƺߣʮһαɣȨ֮ϣһѺ۸
࣬ĺǿǳǿ󣬻ѾȱֺˡʮסΣڵ㣬Ѿﵽ˿ñǿĸ߶ȡ
ûгֻؽŶԷʮ񣺡һǿҺܹʶʮһһοʼɣ£ҿһǿ򣬵жǿ
ʮ䣬󣬵ʮ񻷿ʼŹâ
ʱټʮʼ𶯣һ̾ҪһԵĵ
΢ɫó
ԷĵʮδǣȴѾоͬѹ䡣
ʶе꣬Ҳɵ΢
ʮ󣬵ʮųĹâԽԽŨʮ򶯵ĸ
ͱ
ʮ죬ƽ
Ż䣬ˣһȥ֮޾ʣڱ٣ڵ㡣
ĿǱø䣬һɾ޴ѹͷؽ
ôҲȫˡ
ô
Ż䣬ӭŶԷϣԴâţһɼΪɲϢһʱ޾ķϣǿƣѹؼС
ͬʮ㣬ϣͬ֯ʵ
ǿ
ʮ죬н֯貵ľâ
Ҳһ

һ̣ƿͬʱԷ
޵ٶȣƺȹ⻹Ҫתۼײһ
䣡
ֻǼ򵥵һײ򲨶֯Ϣʣһɹɵӿ쫷ʱϯɲǼʹõ̮ʮɣңռԸ˵ƿʼ
ƣʹԶһͨ
ȻǿۺϾƹһҲɫһײǵ
䣡
ʮ𶯣һƬƬĻ֮⣬Ӹ
ǿʵʮǿ۷Ĵǿ֮ⲻסӣϯʮĸ䣬ɽʧɫ
ңȻ֮⣬ɢͨžάص֮Ŵ˳֮ӿ룬֮ӣú֯˾άء
һʱ䣬ͼ̶̳ԶԶȲʮľάأƵɽӱøӲƣ֮ʹþά컹Ҵ飬֮С
⡭ǣ
Ҫ𣿣
ʲ
ʮ㹻̣Գʮ۷ײȻռڲסı٣ǣ֮ȴǺܿͱɵ͹˾Ȼάȴһɺ͹ȳ̶ȵĻ֮⣬ʹȻֹ֮ͬˮ˰㣬һĳŸӣ֮һж
һʱ䣬;ֵĲҽԾάʮڵĻ֮⶯ɢάأһһѣȻ֮²
ңȻ֮⣬бپάϣ͸˰άأʹðάص޾Ҳ˴ѣתۼгʮ
ʮʮ񽻷棬ǿʵѾǿ͸֮ŸӦάغͰάصı仯һ˶٣ֱӽеıԴֻؽͶǽֻͼ⣬ͨžάص֮û룬ﵽά֮ڣֻؽӭϾάڵĻ֮⣬ֻͼûάأӭ͸άĻ֮⣬һһ顣
뱾һսͬʱͼͱԴ񽣻ϣʮĮ࣬ǿ𣿣


2480 춯ʮά֮
Ϊսԣºǿǿеκˡ
ӭʮƽ
Ȼˣι뱾۷һսͬʱȴȥˣ
ʮ
쵭ЦƽΪɵۣ鰲
ʮʮ񻷶貹â֯ԶۺϾƹֿ죺ۣ㣬Ȼ࣬ǣǡǿΪһȺɵƴֵñ塣˵⻰ӽǱĮ𲻻飬һս飡
һʮųӳҵĹâϢˡ
ֻսˣһսվĸסʦ󣬶Դ죬һ̤ԷӿķϢʶĳӰ㣬𶯣֮֯㱣֤صǣ
쵭Цǻøл¡˵ţɫ֣ʥͬȼգҲܣʦ͸ʧҵˣҵѣȫҪػס޾飬һҪǱס
Դâţʥˣ޾άȷ֯ϡ
ûκ˱ܣһƾֻؽֻͼ͸άغͰάصĻ֮⣬޾飬һӭʮӭսԷ
䣡
ҵײתۣطƬƬĽƬƬ
飡
ʮȭ͸޾ʥⷨؿڣɰԶ
ѪˮһƮڿУѪȴʼպܼᶨ
ûκһ˿һȴ֮⣬άȷӶֻȭһȭ̼佻֯ȭӰƺƵģסϰ˻ĵÿһ䡣
ˣ
𶯺ͬһʥıһ㣬ű
ټʮҽȵطϵϯ
ʮʮ񻷹âʢʮԴķÿһֶǳԽʮάһֱһֿ£˿һ֯γɵƣ˲ϢС
һƵķԴ͸գֱϣѹ
һٴκɣ˲ƬѪˮ鲼һѺۡ
ֻǣԴˣȴ˿Ҳ⣬ûκα仯

סΣֻľתɿ壬ٴӭʮ
ͬʱŴתֻؽֻͼߣһıԴһıԴ򣬶ıԴеĹϵԣΪ磬ȻǸƬرݣҲɿתǣӭ͸Ƭصл֮⣬Щ֮һһ飬Ƭص޾顣ôƬص飬֧Ų˶õʱ䡣
ң֣Щ֮͸ȥᵼ¸Ѳ£ԲԸ⿴ģü
ֻǣ͸µĻ̫֮ˣһʱ䣬ȫĻ٣ԣ͵սȫļʮԷӳǿս
ʮоâŨӭ죬ʮַһһεѹ䡣
ңУɫȨһ𶯣ϵѷѾ޸Ϊ˵ԭʼ⣬һƬѹ麧ˣѹ졣



ճƬŤƬı١
ȭޱ麧лʮԷ
ãܺã
ʮȣֻؽֻͼ½磬ֻɵսȥ½飬ȴܽڵˣս̫ǿ̫ˡ
ѪûкɫеֻĮתܣٴδ죬ȫķ֮˿ػء
ۺֻͬʱ𶯣ޱߵֻ֮֮ⲻӭԷ
䣡
ҵĴײղϺ
ʥԼƬĻԣܣ䵽۵ϣҲһƬ˸Զһͨǰ
֣Ҿ취Լĸ׵ϣһ˸Ļȫķ顣
ʮ۷һսĻ̫ˣȻĸ׺ʦҲסĸ׺ʦȥ½ĥЩ֮ˣܼ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮ֣ʮ𶯣һͨǰĻҲתۼķ顣
ԶЩ
ͳĶԶһ
ǣˣ
һͨӦˣܿ˵ĸԶڸԶ
⣬ʥƣʮ񣬲ɵЦΪһֻ̤ߴԪκ£룬ȴҲֻ顣
ʮǱ̤ߴԪҪһ𣡡
ԣɵЦĸŨЩͬʱҲˣЩ飬ΪǰʮŲɣΪЩҲʮǶԵģΪֻΪʮĽЩ鵱űЩġ
ûж˵ʲô̤ϣʥٴϯ
Ϊ䣬ʮ񱣻ЩǶԵģӦõģ½磬Ҫأ޾ȥͨͨߴԪ·ǲԵģǶġ
ԵģҪֹ
ɵۣԱ˵磬ɱ޹ˣͬʱҲҪͨ顣
ֳͬʦֽĵ
䣡
ʥ貶Ŀӿǿսۺֻ۽Ǽǿ
ʮĮʮ񻷽֯âڡ
ҵĽ棬ʮ
ѪˮסķɽȻ󲿷ȴѪ
˵ˣȥػһȺɵˣֻܰڱС
ʮ
вѪȴΪ䣬ƽ֣أҲһܣ
ŵģսܣѾע
ʮƥķһһѹ졣
첻һ߸ƬرݿֻؽֻͼάغͰάص޾ֵ͸½Ļ֮⣬һӭʮ
һԽԽ·
ҵĽսתۼǳһ¡
һµʱ䣬͸Ļ֮ϣ۷սӭʮǣһһεıʮ飬ϵشɢϢѾ÷ǳ
ֻǣȴʼպܼᶨ
ۺϾƹԶԶĿţϾƹûЦҲûЦĿⶼǱóһ˲˲Ŀ졣
Ů΢һµʱ䣬ۿһһεıʮ飬ۿ첻ⴴϢϱޱۣⰡ
Сʮ
ʥŮۡ
ĿͣͬС㣬˫ֽźһ
ֻضֻضɽ첻ˣʤ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮڣԶʮ
һƵ΢⣬еʮǵޱȣޱȣʮսУ˿˿ƵĻƵȾѪ⡣


2481 ʮ
΢⻷ƶһʱ䶯ݣϵƣʼٵĿʼָ
ңľ񣬿ʼһƵĻָǿ
˳΢⣬ƫͷʮǿȥ
ͬʱʮͣ˶Ļ́ͷʮǿȥ
ǣ
޵еԶԶĿʮǣͫ׵΢
ۡŮˣǶݡ
ʮǣΪʮάĺģʮά֮ģ񣬾й졣
ô£
ԶһͨҲǶݡ
ʮά֮ģһ̾Ȼ˹ԣʹϢڽĻָ
ʱһɲõĸо
ˣ
ʮ⣬ʵĹâøӵʡ
ģ˵У޴ʮǿʼСתۼ仯ȭͷСһΪıâ˴֮֮⣬ǰתһ֮֮ӿڡ
ʱ䣬ƻָĸ죬˵ľһٿʼǿ
⡭
ʱƵԵʮά֮ģĿʱ䲨
ʮά֮ģȻߡ
ʮͫһֱӶ֣ʮŴ𶯣֯Ϊ貵ķ֮ϣһ߳ȥһץϵʮά֮ġ
̧ӭϣͬʱɸƿֻؽֻͼػص顣
䣡
ײ˷ռ
ˣٴӿѪ
ͬʱʮά֮ĻٶȱÿһЩһĹâȻʮķȫѹ飬Էһĺɡ
ˣ
Զһ̲ͨסڡ
ʮסΣѪˮѪܶࡣ
Ҳʱϣʮά֮ɢΪ͵ʥ⣬һûڡ
һʱ֮䣬ϵƣʱһӾ˵ٶȿʼָ
ңټʮ򣬸䣬һƬһƬ֮ӿûڣ֮УʹΪϢһεĳ
ʮҧʮַٴץ졣
⣬𶯣һһ֮𿪡
޾֣ڣʮά֮ĽԴȥͬʱһĻʮά֮ԻʮڶѹڰҵĻ棬ٵʮΪʮ齲Ļ棬ıԴֻؽֻͼƬݺػĻ档
켴ʣΪơ
ϡ䣬ģļصʮά֮ģһԴڡ
֮䣬ʥ⣬ʮ򣬸䣬ޱ֮һٶȳｻ֯û뵽ڣתۼʹƳ׵ȬɢϢһӾ˵ٶȳ
켴ʣΪơ

ʮά֮ģ飬ȴƺԼ־ƺ־
飬˭ҲȥںֻѡϿ֮ˡ
Ψʴߣɵ֮Ͽɡ
ԭ

һʱ䣬ŨĹԽ֮ƣľŸӼٵ
ʮٴγ죬Ȼȴһεıݺݸˡ
貶Ŀһۣʮȥ
ʮ⣬ԱȶһɴϢƣʮΪ֮һɹɵ΢ºޱȣƬ嫵ʮάأɽغͲľƬӿ죬ڳ
Զһͨ˫ڷ̲סȥ
һϵ־ҲҪǶĤݡ
񡭡
ϵ
һ̣£ԼҪ򵹣־ѹȡ
漴ģһһһһ򵹣
ôǵǵأȻϿһࣿ
˲Ϊʲô
ôᡭ
һ鲻Ĺ򵹣ҧ
ʮںʮά֮ģʮˣǶžԵѹȻǴ˿̲ҲǱȹȥ
־ǵֵˡ
ԶŮʥŮס󣬸¶֮ɫ
Ȼ£ҲһƵľâ
ʮ
Ů̲ס
ԹŴڵĴ˵ֻҪںʮά֮ģõʮά֮ĵϿɣʮˣͨ쳹صʮ
ĺӣĹ⣬֮õʮά֮ĵϿɣΪ
ã
ϾƹЦôһ֡
ûпڣҲЦˡ
ʮ΢Ȼ޵Уʱӭųɹںʮά֮ĵ죬ȴҲͬͨǰ㣬һһҪȥĸо
־ѹ
ʮͳһ˲˲Ŀ죺һȴһδεľܾ񣬸ǳ½һ࣬⣡
⣬Իƣ˵ѾȬΪҲǿޱ
΢ƬأֻؽֻͼʥâҲ֪֮ǰǿ˶ٱ˲ǻеĻ֮⣬֮ţ»صڡ
ʮƽƽ켴ʣΪơʮά֮ҵԴǰ
ʮĿ΢ңңĿ½磺켴ʣΪƣƴһսػ飬ʮά֮Ϊ֮УԴϿ㣬Ϊʮά֮
ңңĿļƬأŹȥһΪػ޾飬һδشҲɲϻֻؽֻͼϡ䣬ƺЩʲôĿŲ
Ϊͨ鿪ڣ־ѹ£ԶԶĳųΪȴҲлǣΪʲôʮά֮ĲϿˣƾʲô
鸽ͣʱԶԶĳţȴܲ̿ڣҪվʱ־ǰѾΪʮǰԶԶûʮǿǣվ
ǵ䣬ǣΪӦþκ񣬺ƣûκεĹϵ½磬Ҫأ޾飬ƺմߣǶĶˣοܵõʮά֮ĵϿɣ
Ͼƹ
һ΢ȴǲҧ죺أɵ𣬵Ҳ䣬飬ҲӦþκҲûκιϵǵʲôͬƾʲôܵʮά֮ĵϿɣ
ǴˡۿڣΪɵۣȴ䣬ֻһʥصѡأԶֻһൽ壬ۣٳʮ壬ֻڻ壬ڻ½Ⱥ
һͨſڣҪǣһʱȴҲˡ
ãܺã켴ʣΪƣǳã
ʮЦ
ųΪ죬ֹס΢־ѹֻǣƾǿʵ־վǶû̫Ч
ԻƣƽĿʮû˿ʢˣ£ԸصΣ뷨ŵʹգ


2482 ķ
ʮ뷨ΣգڶԷȴûк
ԣɱԷ
ʮƫͷԶ־ѹų򵹵һͨ飬ӦǣҪǴͨͨߴԪ·ΪԻ͵·ΪڲŬһֱű𣬼ᶨɱ½磬Ҫ֣Ҫǵĳŵ죬Բܣ
¡һʮųӾ˵꣬򲨶ӿ¡
ŵƽǿʵй־ѹȡ
Ȼѻʵøǿ󣬵ǣ𲻼ûܣ죬Įظ֮ǰĻҪôĥ㣬ʮά֮ģļƬأͨͨߴԪ·ظԻ͵·ҪôУɹػļƬأѣء
Ż䣬ʮ𶯣֮øӵ貺ͶĿ
ʮռŤ⣬졣
湥ɱ
ĿƽӭŶԷǱܿԷʮĹ
漴ָһĨʮϣһԷɶԶ
ɫѪˮ˿˿ƵƮ֮ϡ
αִ֣ʮ񣬵ģѾҵĶ֡
ʮӿѪûŭҲûһ˿һĺ⣺Ȼ˳ŵ;Ҫ֣δܶȳŵôֻһܣؼ䡣죬Įڣ𻹻ţ
Ż䣬һʥܣϢøǿٴλ졣
ɱ⣬ѹʮռ䡣
Ȼ־ʱҲѹʮά֮
ƽûκζʮɱ⣬ȫʧˡ
վĽǶȣ⣬ֵҾ塣˵⣬ҪضǵĳŵӦ޹Ϊ
ָһâɳʮϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽʮ񱻹ᴩɫѪˮ
ʮͦε˳ȥԶɫѪˮؿһ
ˣ
Զһ̲ͨס
ʮǰȾһƬ򵥳Ϣ˲˥˼ࡣ
£ɺã
쿴ŶԷٴοڡ
áʮƽҡͷļأҲбʦĻ˵ǵĵͬ
ʮŸǿĹâԽԽ貣ȨҲʼ⡣
ȻΪϿɣҲδûһսǿķѾԻķ򡣡
˵
Ż䣬ʮŽɫȨںһһڡ
һʱ䣬һӿϢɢǰһҲ֪ǿ˶ٱ
汾֮ΪʹԴķһȫѪ֮ڣɳապʮַ򣬽ȫɢʧ
ķȡɡ
⣬Ϣڳǿת۴ﵽһΪµĸ߶ȣ𶯡
Ŀ΢պԴʮַȫɢȥ
ġ󡱣ԭ˼
ˡ
ʮһ̤ȥ
ɡ
ƽӦһԷӭϡ
ƿ֮һߵٶԶԶ˹ٶȣɲײһ
𣬴Ŵ̮
⣬Ϊ𶯣С
ﬣ
ûκζĶ򵥵ָһ齣⣬һ缤俪ȥ
۵һѪˮŽʮ񱻹ᴩ֮ǰһ㡣
һΣʮûбˣԼ̤ǰһȭѹ¡
̧֣ӭϡ
飡
ײ졣
ʮٴαˣһƬա
ͬһʱ䣬ҲͬĺˣգҲųƬ̮
ˣ
޵еģһʤ
ԣһʤ
Զһͨҧ߬˫֡
ŮʥŮǶݣʥŮ̾ʮ񣬵ֲ̫ˣСʮѾΪˣΪĶԷȴɻܽСʮˡ
ˡϾƹڣǰսе죬䣺ûеӦеֻսӭսʱʮ񡣡

۵
ǰսУסΣ⣬˿˿ƵԻơ
£
ƽĵ
õʮά֮ĵϿɣɹںʮά֮ģΪʮΪʮάصˣԸ⣬ڿֱӵʮΪʮֻǣûô񲢲ô
Ϊ֮ǰںʮά֮ĵĹУԶģϾʮά֮ıԴû룬ԼƣҪֻǿнʮά֮⣬ңḶ́Ҳٵúķ߸ʱ䡣һ㣬ʮģʱʱڣ㹻Էѹĸ׺ʦˣ֮ǿںʮά֮ģǿ
ǣʱ򣬶Է֪һ㣬ȴǲûôɼǹ֮ˡˣʱȻԸʮȥԷһս
⣬ʶӭԷɷ
ͬʱԴֻع֮⣬˿˿Ƶһ𳯶Էѹ䡣
ʮʮѾʧȨҲʧǿɷϢ󵽼㣬˿޾ֻع֮⣬
䣡
Ϊҵײʮ
ƿɷ֮⡢ֻۣ֮֮һȭѹ¡
һһȭȵʮϣԷ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮȭͷҲؿڡ
飡
챻ˣδ飬ȴҲ¶ЩѺۣѪˮ
ʮɫ΢򵥵Ľ棬˲ࡣ
άյɣҪˣգ

Ż䣬һƵѪˮ
֮ȴǣɷϢͻأ䱩ʮ֮ࡣ
Ϣʹ춼ɵ΢
ˣȴû¶ɵ
ǿ
ô֣Ҿ취һƵĽ֯ƽڽ
Դķǰǿķ
һ̣ˣһӭʮһκͶԷײһ
ʮɷӭ˱ܡ
һʱ䣬˵սøӼҡ
תۣһյʱȥѪˮƬʮڷɽȫʮѪʮһδα
ȻûѪȴҲϢű˥˺ܶࡣ
ϾûеΪӦезʮҲȷʵǿˣսǳ¡
һʮȾѪкȴû˿ŭ⣬ɷøˣѹǿɣһʤ
á
ƽ⣬Ҿ취űøӷڣӭ϶Է
գۼ䣬ײһƥʥâûһУϰ˻С
٣
ͻȻһɭЦһӰڻѪɫâУٶ


2483 ֮
ѪɫâеӰٶȼ죬ת۱ǰ
ǵ壬ɣ
Ц
Ϥ쵱ݣ㣡

ȥʮʱ׷ɱ˶Է꣬ȴһֱûгɹÿλɱĶǶԷĻ񣬾ٴμ˶ԷԷɱ˳
ͬһʱ䣬ʮҲϳˣɫһʲô
뱾Ϊһ塣
Ц
⣬Ѫɫâ󣬳ʮ۷һжԾԷֳ϶ʱͬһκˣУͬʱû
˱ʣʹط˶ɫ
ˣʲô˰ʲô
Զһͨɫ֪ȥΪ
ͬһʱ䣬ۺϾƹüһͬʱ֣ޱߵķ
Ц¡һѪɫâͬϯۺϾƹķ򣬽ͬʱ˳ȥԶ
ۣ벻ɣ޵еǣڱǰ㲻
Ц
ۺϾƹסΣжѪϢһ˲˥㣬һ̣жʱʧȥˡ
⡭ô᣿
ŮʥŮɫ
ǶһһЩǿߵʶѰԷԷʵѾĵһ͵ڶҪôôǿս
ȻҲǶݡ
űѪɫâе죬⣬ޱʥԽ֯ŮʥŮһ𣬳ȥ
ܳ
ȵʹֹס
񣬵ǿһߵľ磬ĸ׺ʦǶ֣ǰư϶Էһͻʱĸǹ
ܳȥˡЦһΪһ֣
⣬Ѫɫâӻͺ嫡
ɫأ¡һⷭӿֻع𶯣żѪɫâȻȹâȴǼΪ£ǰƿ

ͫ׶ʱ΢
ˣѪɫâ͵ûڵǵͬԴΨһһǣطѪɫâʶԶԶǵڵЩѪɫâȣһ죬һǵأ̫ˡ
ʱ򣬱Ѫɫâڣȫ򲻿ҪʮȴǷ֣ѪɫâûУһ̣Ȼ޷ʮͨƱˣʮޱ֮
ΪҪǣڲϵţңŵٶȼ졣
ͬһʱ䣬һߣʮһԴѪɫâѳȥʱ򣬺䱬Ũҵɱ⡣
˶
ŭһ̣һ䣬һ¶ŭݡ
ڱѪɫâеͬʱʱо˵ڵޱǣȫˣͬһ㣬֯ڵıԴڡ
ǵһˣ˲͸о˱ڵǡЦ÷ŭܿ죬ҲͱΪһ壬ȥǼ档˵ţֵˣ飬Ҳһȥ㡣֮ԸͨߴԪΪɵģԷģȻҲл
仰䣬⣬Ѫɫâøۻ룬ͬһһеĻأʹñеʮһʱ䶼ѳȥ
ˣ㡭㾹Ȼ
ԶһͨŵĻ㶣ŭ
Ȼǵͬˣ
ſˣ
ɱ
ϵŭ
ѪɫâУһ̣ѹһͨ־ˣԶˣʱȫɱȥ
һʱ䣬𶯣ޱ޼ʣϰ˻ȫ֣ѹ䡣
һȺϡ
Ц
⣬ѪɫâӿһƬ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪŽгƬը
Щ̫̫飬ҽѪɫڣΪ˼УۺǿЩͨ飬οܵס֮⣬һһ
ɶ񣡸ģģ
һŭûκη壬ʱǷĳȥ
ЦѪɫâɽ飬һһѪɫâ顣
챻ѪɫУЩ鲻ϳͬɶ˻һ㣬һʱٴθоʮһЩеĵλء
ֻľתĸЩɫʥԽ֯еķҲһ֯ңԴֻعֻرԴһԴ߶ӭЩѪɫˣԺ
Ȼȴûãڲʧ
ɫúܳأҪ֪ʮǰֻرԴĥȴǲˡ
Ǹʱ̫𡣡
ڵڲϱ룬ԹͨʮɫԽԽء
¡
ͻȻԱ߲ԶһĻͻأ𶯶ɽڴ˿̱
ʮȼΪҪǣһ˽ɫȨڳǸȼֱΪĴ֮ͺ˵Ŀɲʥܡ
Ȩȣ֮һǿ
࣬뱣ǣ
һļ䣬ʮ̧֣ȼյȨȡѪ⻯ĹԽ֣һŭ͵һƣѪɫƿһ΢СȱڣԻֱ֣Ӵȱڴ˳ȥ
漴һ˲䣬ƿȱڣ±Ѫɫ֮ûĸס
һĻʹʱɫ
ͬʱԶۡϾƹŮʥŮ£ҲΪ֮ݡ
ȼͬرȼ꣬ȼѪ⣬ƿȳе֮Ӧ˵治ǵһˣҲǶݣȴǺܿ¶Цɭڵ㶷Ϊʵڵǿܶ࣬ȥ֮Իܱ
űѪɫеʮһЦʧģ˵ţѪɫ𶯣ʮȼյѪѹƣҪΪһ֣ȼȥǿʵʵΪһ֣
ޱѪɫתʹʮѪâ˲Ϣڡ
ˣ
һͨ龪ŭĳ
ҲʱŶ֮⽻֯һ֣͵ͳȥԶ
⣬ԱǣŶĵӱ䵽㣬һɱɱ⾶ֱƵ
㣡
¡һڷŭһ˲û谵޾зӿ¡¡졣ͬһʱ䣬ټʮɽءľգ䣬ޱ֮ӿһƬһƬĹ˳ϯ


2484 
䣡
ʮ𶯣ԺƵ˻ģޱ
ŵдűĺ⣬һʮϯޱԣصĺˣѹ䡣
ǶݣԼܣ컯Ϣʮޱ֮еĻҪɲƤӶɵþ¡
Ȼʱ죬ʮٶѾԽ˳
ֻһ˲ѣŤڵǰֱһȭ¡
ˣ
һʥı죬һȭȵڵؿڡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽɫѪɫɣ鿪
ֱ̤ƶϡ
¡һޱߵ֮ϣϵͽ
תۣޱ麧ڵϣһνԷĺɣѪˮɽ
ﬣ
ֻؽޱߵ֮һ𣬱µĽơ
ֻ̧֣ؽޱߵ֮⣬һն¡
ͬ飬ʮ뷨ȻΣգΪȴǹ䣬ңԷͨߴԪǵΪԼΪ˶ĳŵڣԷ֪˲ǵĶֵʱƴһнͳǹѪɫһ롱֣ӵбŵ顣
һˣȻǶǵˣȴ壬Ȼ飬ȴһһͬʮһΪһͨߴԪƴʱȴȻķϮɱеͬ
Աȣ
ﬣ
âһƬ꣬ܣתۼѹ䵽ǰ
һʱ䣬ѪˮסıŽֱӱᴩѡ
ô꣬ıеֻ֮һ˿ںɣʵѾԶ񣬵ȴ㲻ϱˣȾѪ죬ѪɫâһƵĻƣɭһַǳ˲ЦûʲôˣվڱУ
ȾѪȴǴʮš
ĮûаĻһ̤ʮ־
ˣ
ƥѹ䣬ͬٲֱ֡
ʮ֮ǿѹķǡ
ֻǣȴǲ飬Ѫ䶯䣬ʼɿؾ
ӱ䣬ֻ𣬶ʱֻѪֻӸѹ¡
ͬʱʮ𶯣Ӻ嫵ѹƬصֻ֮⣬Ƭ֮Էһһεĸ顣
Ѫˮϵķɽ
ɱɱ
ˡ
Զһͨ龪ŭʹ
ǵǵ䣬ʧˣˡ
䣡
ʮ𶯣ɽ䣬ޱ޾֮ⲻѹ
һһα飬Ѫˮϵķɽ
Ŀĺɱ⣬ͬʱͷҲһּΪõĸо
ʮˣʮ֮ڣ˵Ӧ޵еģʮɱĵӦͽԷĨɱ˲ŶԡȻʵȴǣȻڲϱ˻飬ɶԷȴʼղ
йѪɫһֱڻŶԷ꣬ʹԷʼղࡣ
ֻ𣬵ֻ֮⣬ʮѹȵ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪϱŽϱ飬ȴʼղ
ѪɫһֱڻŶԷꡣ
ǵȡģȾάǴڵǵʺǿ̫ˣ
ԶϾƹ΢
û˵ʲôȴҲɫء
Ƕǳֻ֣һСûСڣǱǾΪ񣬵ȴѰôң֮ƿˣã
䣡
ǰʥ𶯣ֻعӿ
ֻ֮ʮ򣬲ͣĹ
ˣһۣչȥ
յʱ䣬ʮڲϱ飬ȴʼջǲ顣
Ҳһ죬ͻأ䣬ڶԷϵѪɫѪâ
䣡
һѪҼŨԡ
͵죬ѹֻع֮תۼǱȫɢ
ãѪɫǰɢ
Ӷʱһ
ͬһʱ䣬Զһͨ飬ۺϾƹˣҲǱɫ
Ѫâƣ⻷ƣĵ۳֮ǰߴһЩϽ֯һѪɫ䣬ءͬʱͬʮǰ㣬񻷺ʣȴʮһ֣һֱһϢɲ
֮ȫںϣ֮ȫ룬ܺãǳãǳ
Ц
дź⣬ʱɫȴҲǱ
ʱĵòˣɢϢҲһ޴ʱ䣬һ̣óΪһɾ޴ѹ
桭˵Ϣȡ˵㣬㡭
Ķ
Զһͨ龪ŭ
Цɨһͨ飺Ҳ
Ż䣬ֱдƬɱ⽻֯ٶȿ쵽ޣѹһ顣
ɱ⣬Ϣ̫£ת۱ѹ䵽һǰ
Ҳʱ˲䵲һǰ޾⳯ǰӭϡ
ײ͵һ𣬵ɱֱϡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽؿڱѣѪˮƬѪѪˮ
һĻʹŮʥŮɫѾΪ˰֮ǰѹŵںɱȴȻתۼ䱻ɱˡ
ͬһʱ䣬һͨҲݡ
죬Ȼǣ
࣬ʲôɵˣĿ죺½ɱƬЩ鲻ĵˣڣȻȥԼĵж֮ˣ
⣬⻷ƣֻع⽻֯ϵƣһٶȻָ


ʮά֮ϿɣΪʮˣΪЩϲϿⶼǲʵΪȻɻЩ顣
ȻⲢҪԭڣ΢ĩһ˿ԭԶ㲻ϣʱԸԼⴴҲҪסЩͨҪԭΪʮ񡣶ԷƴУȼձԴӵ֮ͳŵ飬ˣЩŵѣ
ΪԣЩҪǣЦЦЦҪô˵ˣҲ鰡ղǰ㹥ô£Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ˡƽ㲻飬࣬Ҳ㲻ֻӵѡ
һ񵱼ɭ¶һ˿̱Цã˵úãǳĺãô·
䣡
󣬵һʮ񻷹âţޱߵķɱâֱû졣


2485 µĵ
ޱߵķɱӿ˵㣬֮ޱ˲
һɱֱӽ֡
̫ˣʹǿۺϾƹľ
ǵһʱо˾޴ѹ֮ⷭӿһƶȥԶеάȷҾ취򣬳Ȱɱâӭϡ
תۼ䣬ײһ
¡
һɱâŤ֯һһ̣
ϵĿռ䣬ƬƬ̮
䣬һ̤˲Ϣڵǰֻؽ¡
ﬣ
Х̶ƶ죬һڵǰ
۵һѪˮŽɡ
ʮأֻ΢ͳڵĽǰԷκһ˿ϢĻᣬֱһն¡
ͬһʱ䣬ɵֻͼ𣬼ֻ֮⣬ֱ¡
䣡
ֻؽֻͼͬʱڵ󣬽δסεĶԷٴκɡ
ңһ̣ʮ΢ޱ޼ʵ֮ʮά֮һطϯԵķ籩ֱĽû
ʱ䣬ѪˮԵϷɽȾϵһƬһƬա
ϾѾˣȻɱ䣬վǶ֡
Ůɵ߬˫֡
ţ
ʥŮҲͷ
ۺϾƹȴǱ֮ǰøأϾƹҪֻ档
ܼ֣
۵ͳ
ŮʥŮǶݣʲʲô˼
¡
ޱߵ֮ⷭӿ⣬ʥˣɱ
еĹȫ˵ϣȻɫȴԽԽء
йȫ˵ԷһδεⴴѪˮϵķɽȻȴʼû顣ڣĸоԷϢûһ˿һĽͣʱĹʵʶԣڶԷȫûаá
΢һҧͳʮ޾֮ŷڣ޾ն
ĸһʮռڣһƬƬɱн֯ÿһɱжǽ֯ſֲĲʮıԴҾ취ǿ
޾ɱУЯʮıԴתۼڵϡ
ѪˮƬĽ
ʮա
ģɢȾѪԱ濴ȥԵ÷ǳǱ
ȻɫȴǸӳء
⾳磬壬ڣȾѪˮȴĿЦֱ󣬿ЦǷŻһЩ˼Լû뵽ڵǿĸ߶ȣ죬źڵϷŰϵ˲ȬղŵĹŪʵǡЩ
⡭
˵ʲôղŵġ
⣬һͨɫ䣬ղ£ǿѾʮڵУȴֻǡЩ
ͬһʱ䣬ŮʥŮ£ҲΪһĻȻ붯ݡ
ۺϾƹһʼͿʵսУ鲢û̫ı仯
ɫأֻع⻷ƣԽŨͻ֮ӿ
⣬ӿһƵ
̫ˣȻѾȴҲоΪá
Ҳʱڣ˹ǰãڣ񡣡
ϴЦˣһʮ񻷹âʢֱĳϣƥķʱżȷϢȫ֮ǰʮУȴԶԶʮǿ֮ĳѹ¡
ޱֻع֮ӭϣײתۼ䱬Ļ֮⡣
һˣϵŵŵɵ˳Զ
һѪˮԿоֱ
˾Ȼô򣿡һٶȿ쵽ޣǰʮٴ𶯣ӿµķ֮ѹ죺ǽ
ֻ̧֣ؽϣֻؽ⣬ֻͼǰӭϡ
ңʮıԴ֮Ӹطǳǰ
䣡
۷ײ˻
һΣʮĸıԴӳ֣ޱ߷顣
ӿԴֻ֮ؽֻͼתۼѹǰ
ǿ°ŵˡ
һܾģȴʮϷŰ󣬵ʮһ񻷷⣬ѪɫĹԻƶ֮֡
һ̣ƥֻ֮ؽֻͼϡ
Ĵϣ޾һƬƬ飬һƬƬ̮
̳ϣ󣬽ɢȥ
ȵվԭأδ
⣬ѪɫĹâ֯޲
һĻʹһɫ
Ȼ춼⣬ţֻͼֻؽǵʮǼԦڹȻȹȴȻȫûܹκεԷƺǣȫԷѪâסˡ

ͫһ
¡һʮڣ֮˵ٴκ
תۣޱߵ֮һѹ䵽ǰֱڶԷϡ
Ȼá
Σ˶һޱߵ֮ȫѪɫâסˡ
ô᣿ǵʲôôܡ
⣬һɫһٱ䡣
Ѿ죬ʮȻ˿ҲûУ
ɫԽˣǵѪɫ̫֮ڹͿˡ
ˣɫôôÿѵˣʴȵĺܣȥϢߵ֡
Ż䣬¡һޱߵķɱƺƵֱĳϯȥ
ңͬһʱ䣬һ˿˿֮С
Į֮ڣֻ֮貣һŶԷӭȥ
¡¡ģײ֮һƬƬĵ
һ챻ĺɣؿڱᴩһѪ
Ѫɫ֮ƺԵ¼ĹƣǱȫסǱӲʵЧ
ı鲢û̫ı仯ֻľˣֻؽֻͼάȷ֮һƵĹɱˣٴκ
ʮһͬʱ𶯣һ֮壬ʮ񻷵ޱ߷ϣĿռ䲻ϵı
ֻһ֣δ̫ˣҲһȽϺá
Цޱ߷ֱ֯۵˺Զһͨȥ
ɱƣٶȼ죬תۼ伴
һ΢䣬ʮ𶯣ޱߵ֮۵˺һͨϸ֣ÿһ⣬γһ̵Ļ
ȹĻʮıԴķɱ¡
ͬʱͨʮάص֮ţĨȥĵķɱҲЩؾȥһȥѡ


2486 
˰ˣıһսȻȥˣǵ治˽ԼǴʲôУúõ˽¡
죬
Ż䣬ʮһͬʱޱķٴѹ졣
ӿķ
ĮܹоޱȾ޴ѹȴʼûмɵ֮ɫ
ʮޱ߱Դ֮֮⣬ƺƵĲӿңƿصάȷһչֻ֣ؽԴҾ취ӭϡ
䣡
ձ̮֮⡣
ޱ߷Уӻ֮ǿޱȣһС
һ챻ɣѪˮƬ䡣
סΣֻľתɿ޸壬֮ٴδӸλþ
ʮΪǿ
á
Цٶȿ쵽㣬ת֮ǰ
ַɱֱѹ졣
⣬ӶֻؽŶԷӭϣһֻؽ졣
ֻǣȴãƿص֮ԭʼУĴ󲿷ȫֵͬʱתۼǸȫѹķ顣
ӿķɱһٴνɣѪˮ֮ǰĸ࣬ϣѺͬ֩һ鲼ƺһ̾Ҫ鿪
ɫأȴûмɵη壬סκֻؽһγŶԷն£ңԴԼĸ׺ʦˣһͨ顣
ʱ򣬵ȻѾûжЩ˶֣ǣԷܻ֮ͻȻֳЩ˳֣ǸʱӦΪһ˳ĻϾʱĵʵЩ£·Ѿ̤Ρ
ѾǱĶ֣ҷĻˣˣʮָжЦŨŨϷŰΪ˱ж֮飬͵ǵɱˣһȥ㡣
˵ţͻȻʲôһĶͷȻĵŶǸ˵ˡǿɶǺܲɲܼɱóΪһֲС죬Ц㣬ʮά֮Ѿںϣ㣬ʮ֮ıҲͽֱӴڱڣǱںϣŽ
˵ţֱӶˣʮһ붯֮ޱ߷һѹ졣
ֻоͷһ޴ʯѹƺҪѹ飬ȴûаֺˣʮޱŶԷӭȥ
䣡
漤ң
Ȼƿص̫̫֮ˣѹ򷨡
ͬʮıԴҲûʵá
ʹɫΪأͷ
ںʮά֮ģʮʮ򣬴УӦ޵еĲŶԣѹеκ飬Ȼ֮ȴ޵У֮Уȴȫѹơ
ﬣ
Ӷֻؽֻؽʢÿһ֮۷ս
͵ģձᴩѣ
Цʮһ񻷹â貣ޱߵķ͹ӭ֮˵ֻؽ⣬򵥵ײ̼֮Ǹѹķ顣
ӿķ֮֮Ʋֱؿڡ
ۣ
ѪˮŽؿڷ飬Сը
ֻľת޸壬תۼ޸
ܿЦܿá
ʮһ񻷽֯ƥĹâٴγѹϡ
أȴûһ˿һȴֻؽٴιɱ
䣡
䣡
䣡
𶯣ҵĽ棬ʹü̵ռ䲻ϱ٣þԻָ
һۣչȥ
㵹ǲСǿıУȥ˾

ȾѪҲѪ̫֮ͿˣյʱеֶΣΪ۷սȴֻһξԷ˵˶Էһ˿Ҳֻ˵һ˿ѣûκ塣
ԼʱһδεشϢѾ˥ࡣ
ԶۺϾƹˣɫأɵ߬˫֡
յս죬ʼǴ·ľ
̤죬ӻһҲżһоƿ֮е̬ϷŰչȥˣ棬㻹ܲٳϸա
ӭŶԷȾѪȴվıֱû˿η塣
η壬ȴޱȳأΪҲܶԸԷķȥƱػڶԷСһȥѵӣ˶ܷŹǣƬصȫ
һʱ䣬ɵҧ˫ֲɵ
ָףĵѪУһ
Ҳʱͻأ䣬ڣԴ֮Уȭͷʮά֮

ʵƮļ䣬ʮά֮ڴ
˸ֻ֣ˣֻرԴ΢̼ޱ
ͬʱ¡
ʱ
ʮά֮ڸԼʾǡֻйأ

Լֻأֻһ˿ܴɣԾȴҲ޷΢ĩһ˿˸һֻرԴֻ۶𶯹Ǻֻйأ
ѣֻشɣ
Щסˣͷ
Ϊһ˿ֻأޱŬԹܶ෽Ψһǲɡֻشɣ

һ죬һƬŤˣЦԽԽˡ
ع񣬿ĶԷ˶٣ԶĸסĸסʦʦԼԶʮһͨ顣
ЩˣǶһ˲»عͷ嫵ա
԰ɡ

뵽ĿɶԸ֮ķֻдɵֻˡ
ԣ漣ʹֻشɣУһУҲпֱӱˣˡѡӡڵһͨ޹飬һ£ȫڵС
ֽ֣ǰһǼãǺһ֣ʵҲûʲô̫ĹϵΪǲƿ´ֻأʲôҲס
ˣΪβԣ
ˣ
ֻͼ𣬼ʥϢң޾֮ʮ佻֯˿˿ƵĻƵֻͼϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ֻؽҲһֻ֯ͼ֮Уתۺֻͼһ
ʱһɱ֮캧˷
翹˵ľˡͣ½ŲϷŰӣƺһ޵˵õܻɱȵĺܣ͸ᣬһΪľС
ɨ۶ԷʲôҲûС
һֻ̣ͼ֮֯⣬ֻؽֱĳѹ䡣


2487 ֻ
⣿
ԶһͬʱɫۺϾƹҲ⡣
죬ֻͼ֮ԼֻؽɱԼ
¡
ޱߵ֮⽻ֻ֯ͼϣֻؽУתۼ佫û
û˿⣬ѪˮűŽըֱʧ
Ψ˿˿ƵѪˮƮС
죡
Сʮ
ŮʥŮۿжʱˮ̲סǰȥ
ҲʱסŮϾƹסʥŮ
ҵĺӣôųԼѰ
ҵĵӣôųԼѰ
ͬʱڡ
ͬһʱ䣬û̫仯
˽죬ȻʲôҲûҲ֪һڳʲô
ըĵطĿͣ˫ʮָһĬĬ
סЦ
޴ĶԼɱԼһμըĵطϴųЦ뵽ʲôѵʶǱ֮УԲڴˣñлںɣ棬̫ˣֻҪоѪֻҪδȥ̫ãһܼɣֻںϵЩѡ
ϷŰЦһըĵطȥﻹľѪ
Ҳʱʮռüž
磬ֹͣ˴
ƣֹͣ
أš
ըĵطһľѪںϣʼŲĹԡ
ʵֻھѪΪԴֻع⽻֯ԽԽ貣ԽԽĿͬһִĿԻһʱڱʮС
ģĿĹâɢȥӰ³֣΢ۣϡ
ûû
Զһֶݡ
֮ǰԼԼ飬ƺˣĿã쾹ˡ
ŮʥŮǾϲ³֣һʱʧõļ
Ŀøͣ¶Ц
ۺϾƹ¶ЦĿϣ΢Щ
ʮǿǿǣǶоǵĿϢ嫺ǿգȻǸоϢˣվǣȴоκβ·ֻǸˡ
΢ǴЦûã㡣
˵ţٴζˣȥޱ߷죬תѹǰ
ͣ
һ죬ޱ߷ֱ顣
ң𣬱εϢʮɡ
Ҳʱ΢ŵ˫˿һһҵֻۣ˫۽ǽ֯һȦȦֻʥƣԶ۵ֻʥҪ⣬صĲ𣬸ܱȽϣЩֻʥƼ䣬֯ĵӡ
һ˲䣬طһһۺϾƹҲ⡣
ʱ˫ۣ˶һָоԼȫ͸ˡ
Ҳ΢£һ̱¶ЦװŪ
¡һӿķ֯һ˾졣
ޱߵķˣ˲䵽ǰ
һ̣ȷ΢Ϣɢ
ݣĹǰֱʧˣ
ϣڵĹƺȫûио΢΢ͷԼ˫֣ѪĹ죬ѪҺʥһжޱڣܿԼԵʱ
ֻƿصųɣٴξĽ棬ųɵֻһֱڵֻʣһֻ̣ƿص˴ɡǣֻۡ

𣬵ٴζ֣ʮһͬʱԡ
Ѫɫ֮֯ޱߵķ֮⣬ҵɱѹ죬תۼٴξǰҪʮ򶼸ݻ١
ֻǣһ˲䣬ӿ֮ͷɱʧˡ
ٴζݣô᣿
ϣڵƺȫûп̧ͷңң񷡣
ˡ

ֻشɣֻۣ⡣
ͬʮԣʮ֮ϣиߵĴԪ
ңֹһ
⣬˫۽ޱ䣬һ΢Ի˫лһֿ쵽޵ٶû񷣬˲ʧ
䣡
ʥܺƵ
⣬ķƵ֮ŷڡ
ܺãǳãøǿˣ㣬޵ɱ䣡죬Цͬǿʿڵ㣬һȫٴξ죺˵Ǳһ֣ɣ
ޱߵ֮ŷɱתۼ䵽ǰ
ֻǣȴ˲Ϣʧδ˿
⣬⡭
ԶһͨĲ
ֲĵɱȫûãȫǰʧˡ
ŮʥŮǶݡ
µͣϵ죬ϵЦŨ˼֣¡
Ӯˡ
ۺϾƹͬʱڣЦ
һ̣Ǹоı仯˿̵˫ۣȻµС
ͬʱһߣϵ죬ĿɭȻžŭһ뵽ʲô仯ֻۣ˾̲סˣ㣬ѵֻء
죬¶˾֣ԽԽŨת㳯ԶӶݡ
䣬ϲޱŵӶݣûκҪ׷ȥĶ
̧֣ĽӡֻУΪĵӡתĸִӿƽֻء
ɸ컻أĥҲֻһ֮䣬ֻشɺʩչֻʥˡ
ʮһ˲һļžûκοɲƣ֮ˣһĻĮֻʺͻǣһ޴ĥԻ֯Ĳɣصĳ֣֧УĸԴĥ
Ӷݳ޾ңԶĵ̼䱻У˾ŭֵ˻𣬳ԭʼе֮ĹĻ⡣
Ȼ˿á
֮ڣȴֻء
ֻĥѹûвҽУ˲Ϣ佫ĥ
һ˲ֻ΢ֻĥϢʧ
򣬻ָ
Զһסۺ⡣
Ǵɵֻأ
ƿؿֲĵ˲ͱĥˡ
Ƿ޴ֻḥ̂˶оУض⡣
ؼ䣬ʲôԵֵɵֻأ
΢紵ϣ΢
˫Уֻʥڽɢ
Դˣû˿ݡ
ֻشɣ֪˺ֻ֪ܶ࣬˸ࡣ
ֻأصԭʼûκܹƿأȻ޾ǱܣҲֻǿһ΢ĩʱ䡣
ڣɵֻ֮ɢȥֻرԴҲɢ
ԴˣЩϧȴܿͻָ˹
ƿصĶססϧá
Щ¡нֻ֯ع⣬ٴνӡֻ
Ż䣬ǰԶֻع⽻֯һӰԻΪʵ
ӰۺϾƹ¶ݡ
ǡ
ŮʥŮһ¶⡣
ͬһʱ䣬ԶЩĵطһͨһɵþ
桭ˣ
鼤ޱȡ
ȥ䣬Ȼˣ
ֻع⽻֯ʮɢȥʮ΢ʧ˻һ㣬ǵԼ˵ģȴˡ
һ̣죬ֻۣ˲ʶĳЩɵ΢𣺡࣬㡭
£ּˡ
ЦԷڡ
ֻĴֻеһʥɸؼκȥ顣
Ȼʱƣһȥ̫ãֻû취ġ
ʮˣһֱȫȫĶԴΪ˶ĳŵƴУΪȼռԼƳ֮ŵ飬ȻǶ֣ǣԷΪȴԵĸе塣
񣬴ɵֻ֮δȫɢȥʮҲδȥ̫ãԣԻδȫɢȥĴֻʩչֻڱʹʮؼ䡣
ϴЦ̸ʮչֻʮ֣ľάغͰά֣ʹʮսڼȥ飬͸µĻȥľάԼά飬̸֡
ҲʱڣֻȫɢȥֻرԴҲɢȥֻ壬Ϊԭʼ塣ңڵֻرԴҲһɢȥ
£Ϊ㹻ȻʧȥֻرԴڵʥⱾԴձԴ屾ԴõĴһңʼڣת۱ںһ𣬻ΪһȫµʣԶʥҪǿ
ԴˣǸоˣоԼı仯Ҳоµı仯
ֻء
Ůݡ
һҲݣʱ򣬶Ǹоϵֻȫʧˡ
ıûʲô仯Цʮǰ
̧֣һ΢ûʮʶ
ǣ
ʮΪԼĸΪϵֻ֮ɢȥʱ΢ʶϵľűøŨĿҵ˸
ԷĴ˰ɣ
Ц
ֻشʱӦ˸ߵĴԪɴֻأͨߴԪ·ӡǣԸ⣬ʱ̤ߴԪЩʮ
ͬʱһЩߴԪҪص£Ҳʮ
ʮĿ΢ҡͷˡ
˵ô֣ɫһʱЩءĴԪǳ¡
ԵĻԴ
˶٣Զһͨ飬Ŀٴϣ࡭ôֺĿڣɫǰδе֣أл
챣˻ŵ飬ʱȥ飬ҵͨߴԪ·֮ǰĳŵĵĸм
δܲս
Ц
û˵ʲôһۡϾƹŮʥŮԱߡ
ףʦʦ¡ˣЦŵǻȥˡ
ŵһˡ
ܺá

ۺͬʱڣЦſޡ
ϾƹʮƽЦ£ټ
ʱͨأв׵򡣡
챳ʮ֣Ͼƹ뿪ȥ
ͬʱ΢ʹʮر仯Դ֮󣬴ʮҲ˺ϣ½硣
ʮĿ΢һ¶ЦԶıӰġ
Զһڵͨȫ嵽ǰʮ񣬸˷ܡ
Ϊص䡣
漴һ̣һͨ뿴Զ죬һ̵ϥ򵹡
ˣ
ڣд𾴣һ̣ĵϿݡ
ǵ䣡
죬ǵ
һܸоһУϵЦŨһЩ
û˵ʲô΢ǰ֮Ÿ۵˲ʧ
ʮʧķЦ΢΢Ƿ

ۺϾƹˣȻ̤ʮ򣬽ߴԪȫ֪
ߴԪϴơ
Ͼƹ΢
鷳
۵
ŮʥŮɫޱȳأҲ⡣
֪ĸߴԪ£ǵ̫Σտɲ
ûµģǻзǳʱǿδһʤС
Ц
۵˶һۣصɫתۼȫɢȥ¶Ц

Ц
һԾάܿ죬̤άء
˵ʦ㽫ǶƵˣ
Ͼƹ
ѡĵսʦǡͥ壬֮ǰǾʮǣʮѾǲˣΪʮά֮ԴУڵıϾƹƶߵЩˣ֪Ǵʲôط
ϾƹЦ֪һ׼꣬һ˺ܿһƬ嫴硣
Ѿٺˣڹȥ
ŮЦ
ʥŮ£֮ǰҲϾƹƶƬ磬뿪ǰʮ֮ǰѾǽȫͬһλϣͥ
ƬɿҪ֣һʼвû飬ϾƹѡƶʮĴ磬һ˺ܿƬһƬɽڣͥʣŨ
У쿴һϤףϤˣõľ
ǡۣ
ǰ
Ͼƹط˶֪ۣȴǵһμ棬д
үү
˹۹һμԼүү
Ҳ¶ЦɣĿ۰ԡ
Ů
ʦ𣡡
ͻ˷ǳļʱٴμ˶ʦ
ңǱ塣
ͬһʱ䣬ʮսҲǺ֪ܿ
񡭡
Сӣǡ
ɵֻأ㣬ȻҲֻǿһʱ䣬ϧ˰һֱ֣Ǿϵ޵ˣأһĥ
ûʲôϧģƽõ£

ѽ
ڵսͰ˵֪󣬸ľĸп
ܵĶԣһޱϲӡ
ŵˣ
ǣһ죬ƬµĴڣͥڴھ硣
ҹ
Ƭûо֣Ϊ֮ȡ硱
Ϊս˳ŵ죬
ʱһΣһȥ
ˣԳ
ôȥѾͤͤնۣ˿Ҳ²ܵıĸ첲Ŀڴ

쿴ǣȻۺŮ
Ǵ֮ͥڣϤ
ȷʵʱˡ
Ц
ϾƹǴЦһԵŶŶѾͷҲһȢˡ˵ţŶʦӣûɣ
ȻûС
Цŵ
ܾǰϾƹΪףʱΪû̫ĽʣҲܹĸԤŶ£ûиĿ϶𸴣ȴǲһˡ
ôʱ䣬񣬶죬Խ˽⣬ңŶҲһֱǺºͼһΪ֪ϾƹΪ׵£ѾŶеһӣദļãˣϾƹٴֱӴӦ
ŶѾͷأ
ϾƹŶϾ˵ǵһ¡
Ŷ͵죬ֿºͼˣµ˶ЦŶͷ
š
ССڻվЩߵġ
ϾƹЦŵͷֿ죺أ
ʦС
Ц
ϾƹΪ£ȻΥ
ңҪǣദô꣬Ŷȷʵǳãܶࡣ
һ˲ºͼǣҦŶǸһ𣿡
¼ǵĻѾйˣ񣬼ȻҪԼŶĻ룬ٴһܹһˡ
ţ
ŶȻ֪ʲôǵͷҲô롣
ͷЦĺ͡
ôˣպл񡣡
Ц
·ǳׯϣȻǵûʱ侫׼һ¡
ʱ䣬ܿȥ
һ죬ڣҦŶ¡ꡢ桢ѩҹͰͬʱƬ嫴ڳףһһĶкͶǿǰء
ϲ
ʮʮ̤žŸ𼶵飬ǰף
ⳡׯ϶¡أνͬ졣
һۣҴء
ӵǣ̩ɽۣ֮Ӱ顣
¡ҦŶꡢ桢ѩҹ̩ɽϾϦһС̫Ͱ׻÷ǳС췢Ӽ䡣
һˣȫӵǵķΣȴڸǳʣ£̩ɽһƵƵĿ
ߴԪ£ڲ𣿡
ʵ
ʱáЦŹϣо仰ô˵оƽճճ˵ŬǿǱ룬£ʵиá
С˵Ĳүǳͬ
ѽ
൱԰үҲǳȻ󣬻ү뵽䣬ǳԾӣˣŮûˡ׻ɨ̩ɽһŮһԻ۲ɵôŹâүȥ
죺
@#үû˵أүȫǱһŴ֮ģš

̩ɽۣ֮һ˽нԶ
ȫ꣩

һ£7000֣д¡ȫꡱ֣ʹʮˡ
֮ǰܶѸԣϣʮҪᣬܲᣬʵҲܲᣬǣʮѾдˣȻкܶĲᣬǸˡ
ᵽ˳ԽʮάĸߴԪдԵĻԴܶϣдȥϣдȥߵĴԪսԣдôһʽĽ֣һԾȥڸߴԪսĻ档
ڴһǳϲµķ⣬֮΢Źں̸£ͬʱᶨһЩʮרﶼѵģ΢ŹںϳѡͳҲᷢһЩϲǿԹעһ¡΢Źںǣ̰˯һ΢ţں̰˯ӹעɡ
Ȼϸлһֱ֧ǣһֱĬĬֵ֧ǣллңллǵ֧֣ʹʮӮһһεĻԻͣ
˵˵£дô꣬ʵǱǰ̫֮࣬óһʱúϢ£һ·ݺʹҼ棬ࡣľʱ䣬ȵ΢ŹںϸߴһĹ
ٴθлһһֱ֧֣ллǣҵǣ
±
ɢ


Ͼƹ⣺칬Ѱֿл
ʮ򣬵򡭡
ƹһĵ޾Уδ֪ɭϢ·Ĺȡ
¡¡ģһζµڵĹ䣬׹أ̼ʹ糾ϯһƵĺɫ绡֯ʮոһռѷ죬Ƭһʿǿо뵽С
ô£
ʲô

ʿŭ㤣һһƬֶЩռѷڣԿ⣬סԿռѷϯֿµ
纣˷ʲ񷣬֮ڣʥ

һۣ֮ϾƹһϮۣһʯϣͷŲϹһһ߳žƺ«йƣ硣
ͷһɫͼת˿˿ƵɫԣʮµĿռѷ죬һУȴ֮û˿Ӱ졣ͷͼ·ؼһж˿
ڶ֮۵Ĵʯϣһ߿ŲļһйҾƣϾƹıɢ⣬ڿһϷûһ˿һ
أ
ڷŭƺΪûܽϾƹռѷжŭһʱ䣬УɫĿռѷԽԽ࣬ת۸ңøӿ£š
ϾƹŲɫͷеڶͼ֣¸ɫԣܸĸĺɫѷ죬ɶ֮û˿Ӱ졣
ͼصԽ֯ⷽؼ䣬ƺûκζܺ
һ̣һϾƹ΢𣬻ĴӴʯվϵɢ˲ϢʧӰ٣еľƺ«ǿıһɴ飬Եľˮıضǡ

۴ϾƹƮԭЩɢ˫ĿУ̼貵ֱӱƬռ䡣
Ųϵڼһ̣Ͼƹ˫۱ޱ貣âƣͦεɵ΢
ڸղţԼһ˲䣬ڲϵļڸоޱϤĻֻԶǣȥֿŮӵıԴ
㻹лǴУĻǣ
϶ƮƬУϾƹ΢˫۱ø·ڲָĿռڿһյƣϵļڣڲס
ͷͼ˲Ϣɢȥǰһɫѷ죬һС
ڰҰʲôҲһ̣Ӱһ֮䡣
ƣƮһƵˣʿط϶Ǵžš
Ǵ˵еļǱ˼У
Ǵ˵µ޾ǿߣҡôᱻ뵽¸ô죿ôȥ
Щʿྫ֪طǴ˵еļڲ£ȴһǾž֣ʵǴ˵еļ̫ڿ£ܲ塣
Ͼƹվطĵرûطʿ˫Ŀ貵ľâǿƵⷽռ̽λá
ˣ
ʱһƬռ˲Ƭơ
һ˲䣬طղŻھŵĵšӦôӳȥһʿ˲ϢȫסˣãȻĿⷽռͬ˻㣬һƬͣͬһľżеĳⷽռȥ
ϾƹվԭأĵУʶʹ֮΢ҪȥȨԵǳһ̣˫Ŀ⣬ԼͼӰ˫Ŀһζţ漴˲Ϣǻָĵɻصʮռ䣬ȴҲ޷֮һ˿һӰ졣

Ͼƹ̧ͷûطΪǣƶʧȥҵһʿ˫ĿֱֱĿķеľâøӵ財
ڸղţٴθӦĻķ
ǸֱˣһһӰͬǹȰƬռƶٶȿ켫˲޾ңԶľ롣
ܿ죬ǰһ޴Ĺɭģ֯ŹӺͲɣ·ųһ㣬ͬһͷ޺ڵϡ
ˣ
ģԾ޴Ĺڴ
ͬʱƽϣܼʿеľͣһһǰУתۼʧӰ١
ϾƹĿھ޴Ĺϣûκһ˿ԥֱЩľʿһ빬ڡ
Ļڴ
ڸߴϾƹУת빬ڣ˲ø䡣
ȥϵռԵһƬ谵ҰԿȥԶֻһֱͨǰǳҲʮɿһڹѪʯɣһۿȥͬѪȾİ㣬ǳˡ
Ͼƹ⹬֮ڣ˫Ŀ貣򹬵ֱλÿȥ
ŲеӰǻԳ⼣߲ĳìսʿ㣬ʱƶϾƹƺǿ࣬
ﬣ
ı쳹ʮʮϾƹ⼣߲ĳìǿϾƹ·׼佫ؼһжᴩ
Ͼƹıû˿仯·ûпЩļͼ֣֯ϣٶ˿䣬ȥ
ʮϾƹļͬʱֹסΣһվԭأеƫͷ­ɨطܣһʧȥ׷ĿãȻģ
Ѫɫʯ·ߣһɭ֮ߣǻɭϢÿһɭڶһͷΪֲڣ·ʱܳ

ϯѪɫʯ·ϣߵɭı紵ļ죬ڣһ˫˫Ѫɫͫ֯Ѫɷ
ϾƹȰѪɫʯ·ϣǱɭڵһ˫˫Ѫɫͫ£ɭɭĺХ쳹һֻֻѪɫצɭڴа죬ϾƹץȥȻǽϾƹ˿ɿڵҪץɡ
Ͼƹƶ鲻䣬ĿֻǱֱĿλá
ͬһʱ䣬΢ͷͼ𶯣һǧЯӡһкһеϯһֻֻѪɫצȥ
ͼԽ֯תۺһֻֻѪɫצײһ
漴͵ģһֻֻѪɫצȺ飬ɫѪˮѪʯ·ϡ

ߵɭУһ̶ļĹצ̽ץϾƹɭøŨҡ
ȻɭڵЩղϾƹг˿ʱԱһƬŭ
Ͼƹ鲻䣬ͼǧϯʮһֻһֻѪɫצûܵ˿Ӱ죬ûñǿѪɫʯ·ķΧֻʣѪɫʯ·ߵɭڲϴ졣
Ѫʯ·ǰڵĻأһѪɫɽڵƽϡ
һڣһɽͣԵЩ죬Ͼƹıȴʼûб仯Դ˺⣬ĿֻڹһһӰĳƶΪ֮ǰоĻǴǸλô
Ѫɫɽͱһ˦ǰž߸ߴͷʬڵرⷽڵϢ֮ǰЩֲϵϢͬǹӰڷӿ
Ͼƹͷɫͼǰľžͷʬ޶ãһһӰһɫķ磬ֱӴӾžͷʬ֮򹬵
žͷʬ΢΢һ٣ǸӦʲôĳִ֮ͬǰЩһ㣬һãȻģڸѲⷽռ㣬Լְ
ϾƹͷɫͼⷽһӰֱĳⷽȥ;Ⱥ˲аȴ·ûпһ㣬ͷͼƺǽ׵Ƭ˿
ܿ죬ʱȥһ޴ɫűһʬɽ˦󣬶һϿǰ
ϿʮңΧȴǷǳͬ˰䷭ӿȡȥϿվӰǸżУһʼЩһ޶ڰϣˡ
ϾƹɢϿϴ񵱼ޱ財
ǸطϿƮһŹΣԻһŮӵģ
һлꡣ

Ͼƹ΢ĺзһݣ޾ĺڰץһյϣƣúܼһǿϿڣŴϿϽǵŹοȥ
䣡
Ͽڣƺʶһ㣬·о룬ǹľϾƹɭϢܽһжɡ
ϾƹڴϿһһӰͼͷתŲɫԣһûһմȾ壬ܿϿϽǣӿֱӽĲлǰ
㣡
ǰĲл꣬Ͼƹĸ֮ڡ
ǰʹֿ񣬰֮ȻѰֿĲлꡣ
ԴȻ΢ǣֻҪдڣһ
Ĳл꣬Ͼƹıܼȴʮֵ͡
鶼ͻǣ˿еͻͬʱһƱԴǻǾͲֻҪһƱԴǻڣа취δԻؼ䡣
л꣬鼤ͣһСĽĲлڣ뵽Լʶе֮ڣԼĲл꣬Ա֤Ĳл곤ôڣҿʹƲлĻ׳
ڣóȥˡǻټģ
Ͼƹ
˫ĿйâƣɨܣϿڿϿ漴һ֯ѷ죬Լо˺ͼȫͬϢ
Դȥ
ϾƹлһĨֱӶŴϿѷȥ
ҲʱⷽϿڣЩøӼң¡¡
һ̣Ͽ֮ڣһӰɭĺХ붢סϾƹȻϾƹͼ֯ͷ˼ϢʱҲǱЩӦˣʵļ̫ˣңЩҲǳ죬Ͼƹͼڴ˿ʧȥá
𣡡
ܼļΣΣΣʱȫϾƹȥ֮֯ȻǺѹ¡
Ͼƹһζݣȴǲ޾⣬زϿ˸ܿһٳŴϿѷȥ
ֻǣⷽϿڵļб֮࣬ҲڰϣӴ£ϾƹĲȫסˣڶʱھ˲ˡ
ϾΪֻ澳ѣϿڵļбǷǳֲгԽۻʼĿ´ڣǿ׼佫һж˺ѡ
飡
һΣڳϿѷĹУϾƹⴴɣʺѪˮԿҲǸ˲ѺۣһȾ˵Ѫ졣
𣡡
ϿܣбˣȫסϾƹֱϾƹѹҪؼһ
ϾƹѪŴϿǿ֮ͨѷ죬ܱɱܼб˫ĿнŨŨĺ⡣
ƽ̫ܲںԼҲˣڣѰֿĲлֿ꣬Ůϣ˶˻ȥĿ꣬Ҫֽʧȥֿ
ԣط뿪Ĳл꣬뿪
ң
ܱܼбеĺøŨкɱϯ
̼䣬Ⱥɱ⣬ʮռ䵱Ť飬һܱļбֹȫĲȻеһЩԽ˵ۻʼҲ⣬ʱӭϾƹȺɱ⣬ǸоĳǱڵķǳֲĶһɪɪķǱþޱȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ϿϿյĳλãһɷǳ˵֯Ǹطһ޴ĵ̨֯ķ䣬һʯ飬Ż񵽼ϢŲԲԣ˵жôƾԶϿӡϵ׭ġ
ʱⲿӡС׭ʯƺ飬ƺǸоʲôս⽻֯ͬϵԳ˯ѡ
ϾƹǸӦϢƫͷϿϿգĿһ˲ڿӡСֵʯ֮ϣУһĨ΢һš
ĿⲢû̫ͣãһ˲ջĿ⣬ⷽϿֱӶһһӰһɪɪľеļб϶תۿϿѷУ˲ʧӰ١


Ͼƹ⣺ˮ֮
谵ѹˣ޴ڹʲ񷣬ľްƶؼ佻֯һһİѷ죬̾޾˶־巢

ܼİѷһ죬ϾƹһϮۣһѷڿ
ܣһİѷ𶯣Ŷʶ㣬о˸Ϣ˵ϯ֮Ͼƹѹ¡ҪϾƹС
ϾƹͼԻ֯ɫԣ֮ط·ΪһƬС磬ϴѷȴǲɽԱֺ
ˮеһƲл꣬һŮӣ毺ãݡ̻ꡢˮ֮ͨľѪܿ»
ļŮӲл꣬·ԷĻ
ϣһİѷڶ˵ϯһУȻȴûһ˿ϯܽȫͼ
𣬹ȥһٶ꣬ڵһǸСһҺܸˣڣˡͣŮӵĲлûڣ±뵽ڼЦˡ
ͼ֯âһ⽻֯ûͺ嫡
䣡
䣡
䣡
һһǿͻأڳ·ʲô˰㣬ϢһһεΪ߶ȲԾһ񲻶֮ǡ
ܣһİѷŤͬһʱ䣬񷶥ˣ·оʲôϢŲԭ˻ǧһƬ
תۣʮȥԱƽδﵽ벽ۻʸ߶ȡ
ৣ
ƿ֮Ӱ˲ϢʧŽһЩİѷķ顣
һ˲䣬Ӱڵڰһɽڣ޺ˡ
һͷ׾ڸ֮ߣ۱鲼ֱڵʿ
ֻǣŸոտϾƹ˲䣬ͷӴޱǲһֹסоһɾ޴в
ϾƹɨһۣɽȥƽʵȴľˣһһӰһμ߳ɽ
ݡ̻ꡢˮ֮ƬƺѰ

ﻹڿƮţӰѾ֪ȥ˺δڽпռԾ㡣
зƮڵڰպмӵԵ÷ǳŨ
һۣչȥ
պһ죬Ӱڵڰļ֮أǰһˮԴ峺͸ݿҲû˿һаԵϢ
ˮڰһΪĵطԵײرЩرۻʼǿ߶Ķвǿ߽Ѱ٣ȻеˣûһȻһЩ۷ۻҲ⣬ֻҪմȾˮһʱǻȥֶξҲ
ǣö֮طǳΪڰһΪµƽռ˻⿴һȴԲҽ롣
Ͼƹͼͷһǿˮڣֱӳ¡
ˮޱȣѹϾƹûУһɿµĴֱһ˫εĴץס󣬽֮ңͬһʱ䣬йħӿײɫͼ·ʶ㣬ʴϾƹ
Ͼƹıûκα仯Լ׹䣬˿Ҳ⣬ΪҪȥˮײͬʱʴĹħҲû⣬Ψͼ𶯣һΪģ֯һԣʴĹħȫħγײһ˿һá
ʱɿţˮ֮֪Σ·ûеһ㣬Ͼƹڲ䡣
תۼչȥ
պһ죬ˮ֮ڵˣײûˮݣʯ鲼ǿݻƵĺǣĺǣҲĺǣҲ֪ˣٲȻˮѰе࣬Уеۻʼڡ
Ͼƹˮ֮ףźɫʯǰУӡһС
¡
ˮħӿһ˫ѪɫԶ
ѪɫɢŵϢΪˣĵĶϾƹΪһħͷһǣͨ鲼źɫۼףϢԵù¡
ͬһʱ䣬ˮ֮׸ԶһЩĵط̣տǳƣɢŷǳ˵ϢԿȰ벽ۻʡ
ǽˮڶޣͨ彻ħâϢΪаͿɲ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ˮϯһȫˣӸͬķ˹ϾƹȫΧģѪȻǽϾƹҪϾƹ
Щ޵٣ͽԲСһˡ
Ͼƹˮ֮ףӡ⣬ˮ̵ħӭһ޳ϵıû˿仯
ĲɻȥͥɢȻȴıܿһͷһͷ޵Ϯɱιȴʼһ½Ƕ
𣡡
¶׹⣬ĹϾƹٶȱø죬׿ˡ
ֻǣû˿á
𣡡
ˮʮ
Զһͷʮɵľ޸֣βۣɢĵۻʼϢ
ȻΪһۻʼޣ
һ̣β۵޶ˣٶȿˣ˲ϾƹǰֱſѪڣϾƹɶ£ŸһЩһѪУпħ𶯣·ܹﶼֱӸʴ
۵ļѪµһЩޣ˲ըһƵѪ丹С
ˮԴӿβѪ޿ڴţϾƹһЩǸɵ
ϾƹĲûκα仯ȥһ㲻죬ȴ·ǲŵĽڵƶûʩչκܣôֱӴβ޵ѪֵķΧڿԷǵܸʴħ˿ҲûӰ쵽Ϣ
𣡡
β޿ХٴϾƹۻʼħӿȫϾƹѹȥ
ֻǣͬЩˮް㣬乥û˿ãȫϾƹ
ҲʱϾƹкһĨâԶһĨӤȭͷСĹһʹⱴ֮ڣȻǴ˵еˮ֮һžҹ顣
ৣ
Ͼƹ˲ƶ㣬ɲǳڹⱴԱߣץеˮ֮
䣡
һ죬ʹⱴˮֱɫħϯѹϾƹȻطĳּΪµظ֣ÿһħⶼǿѹһĵۻʳڼǿߣطҪʳϾƹͷβ޷ɿֹסܵĸов
ϾƹĶûб仯ɫҲûб仯Ψͷͼ𶯣˲Ϣ⣬еħâȫûһ˿ħâֱܹӴʹⱴнˮ֮ȡС
ͨľѪֻˡеˮ֮Ͼƹͣһ꣬Я֣¡
ͼͷˮڵǵԸʴ۷ۻʵĹħˮ֮ڶȥ


Ͼƹ⣺ˮ֮ն
ˮ峺͸ƽݿҲ˿
һ죬ʼƽ޲ˮȴһ˿˿ˣϾƹһϮۣͼ壬ˮ֮ڶžӨ͸ˮ֮
䣡
ˮ𶯣£һ˫˫ͫѪɫ̡ϣɢޱ˵ϢͨĵۻʼǿߵˮڶĿֲޣʱȫˣϾƹ뿪ӿɷˮ׷ĳϾƹ
Ͼƹˮ𣬲źȥŵ׹ӣͼ֣ʺϣˮ׳Ŀֲɷһ⣬ȫͼ¡
ıûκα仯¿һۣˮ棬ܿ߳ˮķΧͬʱͷͼͺͼһɢ
еˮ֮Զȥͣ·İ֮ˡ
𣡡
ˮڣ˷ŭһྐྵȻǰǵأ뿪ͬԼҵĺ԰㣬ǰδ¡
ֻǣȻǷŭȴ޿κΣˮڶ޷뿪ˮ
ҲʱˮԶĵطʮһ𣬾ޱȾˣΪ׵һߣһϮۣ֯ŵۻޱƽۻʾ
޵ˮǱߴ
ˮǸطѵǷʲô𣿾׿޺𴫳
ʮ˶ݡ
ȥ
Ϊ׵Ľ߿ڣγУԭ׼ˮתһת
ǣ档
Ӧ£ԽΪףʮ˵ĲӿЩˮȥ
ܿ죬ˮԶ
ͬʱϾƹ뿪ˮº͵Ŀ⿴еˮ֮ߵ⸽
ʮߵطȻǶϾƹʱû⣬һ̣ϾƹɢԵľӨʱȴǵݣһ
ˮ֮
Щ˶ǷףϬֻһ˲ϳϾƹеľӨ顣
Ϊ׵Ľߣֱ¶տտâ
ˮ֮ӵзǳ˵ЧޱƽۻʲΣֻҪôһöˮܹ֮ڼ̵ʱۻʲΡ
Ͼƹǹһ㣬ֻ˲ϢǳϾƹǰ
ң
ϾƹϾƹеˮ֮еľâҡ
ʱûȥϾƹεõˮ֮ģֻҪˮ֮
ʮ˼ĶҲˣƶڼͬλãܷϾƹκ·
ÿ
Ͼƹƽ
и⣺˵һΣˮ֮ң
£ȰʵʵĽˮ֮䣬̵¡
ԣˮ֮пɻǲǱնԼȡˮ֮֮£н䣬סΪã棬ڸĻᣬҪʶô֪ˡ
ʮУ˿ڡ
Ϊڰңÿһ±һ壬ʵǳ£ڰ򡣶վĽߣȻǼһ棬Ϊ壬ѾޱƽۻʲΣڰڣ˸ҷ档
ÿ
Ͼƹٴδƽ
ʮڵУ˲ɵߣϾƹǵ̬ܲ
ߵı鳹ˣԸգǾ
Ż䣬¡һƬʵĴԻнľˮִϢ֯Уޱˡ
죡
⡭澹ֱʩչԸˡ
ˮ֮дã˿ȥҲȻܱ棬ȻҪ֣ƺ˷ʱ䣬ҪٶȽȡˮ֮
ǲ֪ˣ֣
޴ˡ
Ͼƹܵʮ˿ڣϾƹдỵ̂Ѿڿһʬ塣
ҲʱϢӿк˷ˣѹϾƹϰ˻ģͬʱ֣̽ץϾƹеˮ֮
ӿˣǿʢʮ𶯡
Ͼƹıûκα仯ΨĮһЩ·ûпѹĽߣǰȥ
ͬʱһŽ֯Եͼ˲Ϣӽϻ
ߵζʱͣˣ̽־Ͼƹеˮֻ֮һ룬ȴȫܶˣ·𱻶ס㡣
ϾƹĲû˿ı仯ӽ߹Զȥ
ͬһʱ䣬󣬽ɢ飬תۼ仯ҽ


Ͼƹ⣺⳾Ѫ
ҽƮûһѪҵʧһǰˮһǿ߸ɫ䣬̲סԷ
ϣ桭
һҵǿˣǵ壬ޱƽۻʾȻڵھҲżۻ֮½޵УɵһЩͨĵۻʼǿߣȴȻһ˲͸Ĩɱˣľ
ͬʱҲֻŭһǿ˰ɱҵսֱµֹһΣһʧ̫ˡ
ôô
һ˽ˡ
ԭˮ֮ϼ򵥿һȴ룬Ȼᷢ¡

ڰһƬ鲼ĹϿ
طǵڰһȻˮ֮ǰֲҲʿȴȡ
Ͼƹ뿪ˮ֮ϣʱƬϿУͽȥ
Ͽڣʪ鲼ݹǣϿѰеˣа벽ۻʼĴڡ
ϾƹУ£֦ǵ죬ܿ߳Զ
䣡
쫷ͻأа֮һ˫˫ѪɫӣϢܺˡ
ʣ쫷ŷǳµаڣ׻ɱ벽ۻʡ
ת۶ѣ쫷ϾƹǰϾƹС
һ̣쫷ͻأתɢѪ½һЩǹһ̳ױ飬ҳһ㣬ŷƮɢȥ
ϾƹĲûκθı䣬·ʲôҲδܿһ꾧Өǰ⽫
Ȼ̻꣬ӵмǷЧ
̻ڣϾƹ߳ȣƬƽأܿ߳⣬úƬһƬɽУƬɽѰݡ
ͨľѪ
ϾƹҲʲôǰһŻֱС
úӰһƬ磬ɽΰպ嫣ǳŨ
ǵھ
ھޱߣϾƹƬУһˣתۼһȥ
һһ죬ƬһƬϣһľʣ֯ԡ
Ȼͨľ
Ͼƹֱ̧֣ͨľ
ͬʱһ̣΢գھ֮¡
鷳˰Сӡ
ЦŻǰС
һ죬һټĻʳϣ˳Ϊˡ
ʱ䣬һΣתһ¹ȥ
һºһգھ߽紦һ޴ԨԣϾƹֻһԨ档
ܼӲȴܳʪǰɿһ޴ɫУ·Ҫ˵񶼸ûȥ
֮⣬һ͸Ŀݣ֯żΪ˵ȻǵۻʾǿҲ֮ܽƿ
⳾򣬻Ѫ
ϾƹбԵӡԳǰӿȥ
ݡ̻ꡢˮ֮ͨľѪҪǰֽѾѰˣֻѪǰ鵽λڡ
һż񣬵ھһߣ⳾ڣлѪĴڡ
ããӡƼϾƹԭضƬ̣ͼ𶯣֯ͼ漴ͽ͸Ŀϣڡ
˲ѣʧԭأú󣬳һƬȽϡĿռ䡣
ȥƬռЩ谵Щ죬н֯ɫȻȻһ˿˿⡣
⳾򡣡
ϾƹĿ糣ԭضһ˲󣬶λöȥ
ʱ䣬ĺܿ죬תһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬Ͼƹ⳾ڵһƬɽڣɽĴѰһƬֱأһξӨѪ飬ƺδ֪ĵһ㣬һλ֮С
ȻǻѪȻ۶ɵѪΣӵ׹ǵľЧ
ѪϾƹһֱƽϣɵ¶һ˿ı顣
ĻѪҲҵˣܿ죬ܻˡ
ࣿ
ͻȻһͳڼ׵ԶֱֱĿۻѪ֮ĿϾƹϣдɻҲź⡣
Ե֮һƬռı΢壬˳Ŀռڡ
һĮ⽻֯żŨĵȻһۻʼǿߡ


Ͼƹ⣺ȫ
ϾƹɨƵڼ꣬ûʲô仯Ѫ
ĿڻѪϣ˵ϸڵϲɫ
ݡ̻ꡢˮ֮ͨľѪȫѰˣ
ܿ죬ʧȥֿܻˣ
ҵȣ

ڼĿø䣬ǶǵۻʣƬռǵĽȻһһֱΪϵ壬ʱȫӡ
ն
һ˵
ˣΪѰһѪطʱһֱӶ֣̽Ƭڤ⽻֯ѹϾƹͬʱץϾƹǰĻѪ
Ͼƹеֱӱ鶯֮˼⣬֮ˡ
Ȼﵽ˵ۻʲΣۻʵһء
˵˵ݣͬʱҲһݣۻʣ
Ͼƹϴϲɫȫû꣬ĿڻѪϣ΢̧ѪʱƮУһȦס
Ͼټˡ
ϵϲɫŨЩѪվԶȥ
ڼ꣬еĺɫޱŨңǰǿ壬ȫȫǣӿʼڣ۶δһۣ·ǸͲһ㡣
ǳӣ
֮ǰֵˣٴζˣɱӿ
ͬʱڼ꣬ʱҲһˣɵѹ
Ѫ£㣬
ˣӲͬĽǶȹɱ
ϾƹŲ΢٣ٴԶȥΨͼ
ĻѪҵҪȫѰ룬ʱʵ鲻ɱˣǣ˴˲ôĶѪֿһҪûκܶᡣ
˭ᣬ˭
ˣ
ͼ֯ͷӡ֮ٶȺܿ죬ת۽Ի
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
ѪˮŽڼͬʱ飬̱ͼ̾С

΢ϯţʲôҲû¡
ϾƹԶȥúڽƬ⳾λãͼʣúǰĿռ΢΢Ťֱӿʧ
һ̣һƬڣھһߡ
ǰһԨ֯ڤԵú䣬΢Щѹ֡
ûطֱͣȥһھһ֮󣬳һɽڣѰһǷƿݣֱС
֮ڣľأɲݴǳŨ
ݡ̻ꡢˮ֮ͨľͻѪѰǿʩ޸ȫʹؾۣ֮
ƬնУֱƬĴһ޴ľ£طŨ۶ɢҪʵʰ㡣
ֱӶ⽻֯貶Ŀ޴ľ¿̻һƵƵӡÿһƵӡޱȾȥһ֮ãԭضһ󣬽֯һɺϢ
Ҳʱ⣬ԸŨЩлԻһлƮ
һŮӣʱ˫ĿţԵ÷ǳꡣ
л꣬ϾƹɫһСĽ̻֮õ֮ڣʱĹθֻ
ҲʱԱøŨԴӿûһ˿󣬶󽫼ݡ̻ꡢˮ֮ͨľͻѪȡͬʱ֮У԰ܽںϣһĹûлڡ
֮׹֮ܣ֮Чʱһ˿ԴԼӡڴ˵ӿл֮ڣƬڵʮһл
ԿĲл꣬ʼ޸ʼǿ
漴Ļ֮⣬еѪâʼ֣һƵĳŻ֮ӿȥʼ޸ͬʱҲһۡ
ϾƹһĻһʩϵļϲɫһӣԽԽŨ
ֿŮӣһع飡
ط֯ĻԽԽϢʼӿ֣ԽԽŨͬһС罥׳
ʱ䣬ڲ֪ţҹѭһۣһ¹ȥ
һºһ죬ľ֮²Խ֮֯ڣֻǲл꣬ȫ޸Ѫ֮۶ݺ΢΢š

ڵŮӣϾƹϵļﵽһߵ㣬ԵЩʡ
ƺ·ϾƹŻ֮ڣƤһ˫ۣãԵϾƹϣ󽥽˹硭˶ãȻҲǣ
ţţϾƹڣ͵ӿӵ뻳Уţš
ʧȥֿգ»ˡ
ӵ콾һ̣ɵ΢΢
ϾƹϤ΢
ļ仹ƣǵúȷʵɱˡ
˫ۣ˹
Ϊڡ
һ̣оϾƹ£оžΥϤӵ֣סϾƹӿ
֪ٴۣǰ˽Ӻڰء
ӵֱʮǷֿ
ǰҲǿûܱ㣬Ժ󲻻ˡϾƹ֣ȥ۽ǵ᣺Դ֮󣬱ػȫ
=======================================================================================
վС˵ȫ--У-УԵ޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
=======================================================================================