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ߣ¶Ư

ݼ飺
2019923賿ֽ١
䣬ִأܳܣУݱ磬ִݣ޷ܣѵޣ䣬뽵٣ڣ˪쾺ɡ
Ϊ¼ԪǻΪһԪΪԪ


һ ֱ


001 תδ
壡
ͷƴ̶˻һﵽĿĲݵ̬
ӣ𣿡
ݻֻͨϯ˼ϣһԵЩ͵ԴͻȻ¶ֲ̿죬˼飬ãȻ֮ɫ
Ϊĸӡ
ɫü䣬𴨾Ҫ档
ԣôѵ֮ǰΣǼٵġڣԣڡ
¶֮ɫ漴ͻҵĿ
2019920ա
ô20ţѵһصǰ֮ǰΡ
һһף
С
ԭһ¶Сͱ츣¶ԺʱʱԭЩ죬ΪűΪڸտʼʱͿʼĸ˵ܿĹꡣСӣڣǻĵ޻ʱʱ˵Լй·ϣſ˵ͷѪĴԼⲻôӡ
ھҽԺ£Ҳֱӱж⡣ĸ޷ֲʱ߶߶Ļһҹڹ¶ԺſڣҲôͽ¶ԺУΪһ¶
ǰĸ᲻ʱİйһΣµĺӣһǸк֮Ҳû̽
󣬾Ѿʼ£˶ԼͬһĿ־ҲԽԽĬùƧԣǰҲ˵ԼܿЩֵ顣ֵĸһûʲô
ʱһԺķ򸾿У£ΪĸĸֱԺ壬ϥֻһŮ꣬Ϊ̡Ϊԭ̺ʼ޷ٻϣԣС
󣬶ҲǼãͬһʲôóԵģģһͬʵĸǡûκɫ۾ʲôġ
ĸĺǻ£ԭȱҲɵůҲͬãмӣ鼫ĽԺ壬񿴳Լĸ
ԭȵĸѾĵףȥ
Ѿʮ꣬ѾӴѧбҵμӹʵȴ׽а⡣
һ˫۾ܿһ˫ۡ
ȻԹ¶Ժ󣬾ʹûжԼΧ˵κι۾顣һ˫ø죬ܿħ֣ңͫͨΪ
ֻֻʩչԹʮֻҪסͻ־ܣáЩ꣬ƾⱾ£л˳֮ΪʦǮƣǰ㶼ȱ
Ҫ˵ǾôȥͬζļΪʡ
֮ǰȴ޾Ŀ־塣
ȷʵǰ
д򿪵ӣȻڲǰԼһšеĸְҲǸǰʱһģһ춼ûС

ڴⷱĽֵϣľڲ𵴶Ĥһȼܴ
ЩڼѾġ
еһУӡ֤ţȷʵǰԼĪķصǰ
ǰ󣬼ֱķָߡ
Щʲôĩսôãʬ飬ӣޡпŴˣеȴ·ֱӹᴩʱ䳤ӣδ
Ժиֳĳ
2019923峿վڴ̨ۿնɫʱͻȻ䣬̫·ڸոһɲǣֱӱһƬĺڰӰɵؼһƬڣţеһѷ켸ƾճ֡
ܼķֲϡ
Щѷ˺ѵľͬĩս٣ţѷУͳ
Щħޣޣӣ飬õȵȣֱӴѷӿ˾ɱڳзƻգۼ䣬кԱ˺ƬһƬҡǳʮֲֿ
ĩջҪĸӿ¡
ңѷУ³⣬ɢȥ
Щ·һ֪ʲô
ңиۿһ߲ʰ쵵ֱӳԼһңб־ͼΪ䣬ѧ̫ȭǿҲû취ޱͻ
ֻüһαĶͱǵͷϡʧȥʶǰſģһö߲ʰ쵵ӣһͲǷֻоһʹʶͳɢٴʱѾصǰ
Ҳڡ
һĻĻĻ棬ΪӡԺС
Щģ󣬾ĩս֮ʱ콵ռѣ޹⡣ڶ̶ʱھͻᱻݻ٣ĩ䡣ⲻΪֻ֣¸㶼㲻һĩմ٣˭Ӳ
аԿЦ
𺳵һĻϵԺлصҲ֪⼸ǲɱģⲻΪ£ҲǾֲԵѣȫ򣬸ĩ֣һûܹ⣬ǵصĹܴݻһС
£ܵش
ֻ࣬ǧдһˣһֵ˵顣
ĹͨԣļʼΪ΢С
£ֻ¾ҲҪֵס
һûгɣóֻһΪϤĺ롣
ôԽݣԽ
һϤڶ
磬ôͻȻҴ绰ǲˡʱֻѾͨ洫һöЦĳԵúܸˡ
̡
ֻдĻ¶һĨĵᣬ漴ɫһ˵ĻҺúüסȥ졣
ʲô°磡
̲ѯʵ
Ҫ̫࣬ϵ裬ȻٶȸϵϺڼеǹ;вҪκε顣ʲô£ȵ˵пٵĿ˵
ԸоЩԣƺоʲôҪһΣûжʣֻ˵磬оУ֮ǰͨ绰ڽһҪоѾеؼ׶Σһʼϵжϣоʱ䣬ֻҪ¡ڸϵǡоλҲǾ»ܣҲ֪
о
ҲΣĸڵоǾ»ܣңоλãͲڵ棬ǽڵ£İΪܣǶعδ׵ĽУоУͨѶȫεġضʱ޷ϵ
ңо󣬴ʱ䳤̣޷ȷģڣ̶һʱڣ϶ûа취ϵϡڣоҲΪȫȫԵȵԺǰȥѰӪȡ
ʱùܣԺ˵ٶȸϻܳ졣й˵
Ȼ⣬ҲӦϻ


002 쾭
ֿٵĲ˼롣ٵѡģϵֵܵѵĵ绰ȻѲ࣬ҲһЩĵֵܡ
绰
зֻæµȺЩɫҴңţһΪǮæµһС˿ֽ֪ټ١
мĿܣ򣬶᳹׻һ౻¾еһȫ⵽ƻ罫ᱻµĹ⡣򸻺Ҳ˲ƽκǰͬȡ
ƽȵ״̬
Ȼ֪Ǿ滹Ǽ٣ǷĻֽᷢ٣Ҫ׼һ綼ңǮữΪУֵǮʳʡʱ䣬׼پ׼١пǽǰһλᡣ
һĨ⣬ٵ
ЩѾýߣδѵ׼
׬ȡǮƣڽһأڵϸһھһ͵ĵ»ء潨ĸ豸дʣڵ»УԷһҪ⣬ǴеĴȫʮҡ
ⱾΪԷһͻȻʲôʣ֮鷢и֮ȫ׼ˣһӶϵġֻǴڽ̬Թ¶Ժһֱûеİȫв׼
û뵽ȴǸպÿó
֮ǰ׼ڿԶԶ
һĨ⣬
漴óֻٵĲ𼸸绰Ǯƿٻߣһʱʸʵ嵥ʳҩƷˮȵȣǴʶʶ˦ȥ
еʣʱڣֱ͵λõĹУȵȫ͵ʱǰֱͽ»Уרŵ豸һԵĽͽ»ء
ζʣ൱ľˡҪЩ۵һ¸
Щ
ʱ俪ʼı仯
Ҽǵãѷзɳ⣬һһö߲ʰ쵵ıҵԴϣ֪ӻڲڡ
аԲɡ
Կ϶صǰױȻöӡ
ǾԲһöͨı顣
ȻûʲôġǾһԲͬѰ۾ĸ飬ҲԶѰҪḻĶࡣ
ûо£ԼУʼӡ
ȻԴ档
һӣҲɵһ£͸оԺڣȻһö߲ת
ԵüΪ죬ת䣬ϸֳһööϸСɲĹֿ֣һϸС㲻ϱáƺĳص֣̺ص
쾭
ԺҲֳһѶϢϸֳпһιϵֹͬʱһѶϢֱӴݵС
ϣȻصһƬϵعΪ쾭ȻһŹ
Ҳйоļ򵥸
һ磬֮Ϊ񺣾ʵ磬˿Ҳ֮Ϊȵ˵ʵһĿģǴԴԴȪ
˵еЩָ֣ṦһǧԾɽܽţģǿﵽ񺣾ߡ
񺣾ǿߣܷ࣬塣ѧƷȵȣӳ׵ս
񺣾ͨ澭֮ͨţΪ󣬾ΪӣɰٴܶʼϢһɣͨ˿е쾳硣
ڵ￪١
ڵ￪٣ҲһַֻǣǺ֮ഫ˵ڳʱһǴĸд֮źʳ֮ὥɢתΪ졣
ǴڵС
Ծڹʱܶ伮жмأֻһ³˵ʽ򵥵ţʤż򵥣żֻ͡ҪһʣУһۣڵпٵģҲȴ񺣡
񺣣ڶ۵λá
ۣĸУһĸֱ̥ͨеõ֣дݶģĸе֮
ԣʱǰ֣ѪĹؼ֮ءһиһתˡ
ֻ̥ϣΪۣۡҲΪһλԸо۵λڽһ׸ʹðȵȡ
ߣؼľڶпٳ񺣣⴦㳹׻ΪУ۸繵ͨͨһ񺣱أ˳Ŷ۵λãԪ뼺ϱǿ
ҪǴӵ￪û츳ֻһĽң󣬻Ҫӵгλõ񺣣¿񺣡ķ£޹
񺣾ʱ̣ͨУȷҪʽУһʱḶ́ͨʮ궼δУʽ֮·׿ˣпУǼʱš
ʼĲ࣬Ҫͨˣ߿ٵ·ӣеϣ
ֱӴӶۿ񺣵֮󲿷ֶѾʧûʧѾ仯Ԫɢϡ¡ܶɶû䣬书Ϊ˵ɷΪ񻰡ĳʣ򣬼ɾ͡ķѵʱҲǼΪ
ʱã
֪һЩħʦ඼ǽַ֮ģ߱еʦŵ󣬽µĵҩ޳һΪִҲΪʦ฻˷֮Ϊϱ
ԼҲƾһ˫ۣȻûΪȴаңŲѹǣ۵ڲϵӣɱǿѾ൱ףһϣż
ħһеУҲǴ
쾭̺ȴһƪһʼʱҪʱ֮֮ûû취ţ񺣡ԣƪ쾭Ĺؼһ
ֻҪһΪӣٳ񺣣Ǿֱӽ֮ΪӣԪ׳ӯ񺣡ûΪƪһ衣û취
ҪֻѰ֮أȡ֮ɱ֣ȡǱ;еӣܺޱֱܻ
ѣһšǿٳ񺣾Ͳͨ񺣣ǾԴ޳ͨҪǿԵ
ǡ쾭ˣܶϳ˵ĹҪģЩҪջ֮Ԫڣľǻ֮ȵȡ
֮


003 ֮
ҪѰ֮֮һŪҪҲѰѨ֮ҲʲôӣѪ쾭˵Ʒûʲô𡣡
ϸùеĹϺ̲סЦ
һƪĹƫƫԼȴǸ޲ˣܿĵȴƫƫ޲ˣָо͸ҲƣƸȴԼġʵǱܡ
Щûж⹦Ļ£޳Ĵ󲿷ֶԵԣֱؼĸԪͿԡɡ
룬κιĵһ
ͨĹһεСϾڶ֮Ǻ֮һϢд棬ľһϢϳ˹Ǹָƻ𣬹ˮ뽭ӵȵȡ־룬ͬƻ𣬻ˮӡڵ˿˯ǣ
УһܸӦ񺣡
ڡ쾭УҲй֮ľһĺͼֻҪĵطй룬۳ӣ񺣡ƫƫ⹦ɣ
вʱҪӭĩգֿԼܽһǰôƫƫû취̤֮·׽Ū
аԿЦ
Ļ棬ǽٵħ֣糱Ҫûֻɻ֣һܷȫǸδ֪
ǳ̫¡
ȫּѡ
һУ
һ˫ڣҲûκεİȫУҪģǽֻǱİΣС̵İȫĸİȫҪػˣڵʵԶԶ
Ҫ
ʧȥĸͥԲʧȥڶΡ
ϣԼںȫܻȥ
Ҫǿı˵Ҫ̤һ
쾭һ֮ݡ
ˣζҪһΣԳһΣζġһڵġ쾭ôģȻżߣԳһ£ô޷ͻ޷ţҲԲκΣա
ʱҲ̫顣
롶ĺͼ
еԥֱӿʼ롣
öϣȻı⣬ٵĽ֯һγһĻǻУĺһ嫵ĺϿΡ嫵֪־צͷ룬ɢ޾ϡĺ
·ؼףĺеĵۻʡ
ͳء
˸棬Ӳǡ
˵ؼϵĴڣӲ񷡣
Ҳһ𺳡
ܷƪûġ
ˢ
аԹ롶ĺͼʱȻȻĳŹͼеȥؼſڣ֮ˣ֮֮ͻᱻڣӡײۣʽ̤񺣾
ûУǾʲô
ףʲô
й£ͬһ㣬ſһûʲôֻʶĳһ¶ѣû뵽һȴĸоһصϢڡ
ǣ
һæȥٴ£ȻԺУöӵʯϣȻðһص壬ٲȻĳ
Ȼʯðġ
̫ˣû뵽ʯоֻ̺Ҫյ㹻Դӣ񺣾еһʱ˸ȥѰҾԪ׳Ϊ
дϲ
ΪԼװ׵õȴƫƫҪһɽ޷û뵽ʯлֱ̺һһ
ʯһſűͣʯ̺Ҳױһաûеβࡣ

ſһ磬ʱһöʵ޻Կ飬֮ǰľſ֮۶ɡһöӣһöӡ
һ·£ᴩʮ¥ֱСڵλá
⴦λò򵥡
۱ǱȾһֻδ״̬
ճһ뵤Уʱųһغ⣬ܻ磬֮粻ڻſһƬء·ؼĵһ⡣ƺڰ
Ⲣûд۵ģŻĻԽԽ࣬ҲۿɼٶȷɿС鳹ɢʱڶУѾٳһƬзԲɴС񺣡ͬʱԿһƻɫϸȥһ㣬Ρ
ÿһ壬һɢŨѹ
Ȼٳ񺣣֪⾿ǴСա쾭˵ǲԪ񺣣ʲôʱܽ񺣳׳Ǵﵽ񺣾һءҪᴩʮ澭
ӣĿڶпٳзԲɴС״ν֮Ͳ֪ɴСͬʿУǴС֪񺣾Уǻͨᴩضţʱ򣬾񺣾Ѿˡ
ո޳һҪֱͨǲܵ顣
ǲö롣
ϧʱ̫ݣûʱҰټ٣ȻͻƵ񺣾Ϊһʿ׻Ϊ̫ͣһ̫֮ãܾһʱ䣬˵ܳΪơģҵۡ
һлָ
ϸֳ֮ɫʵź֪ȻҲֻǵ춨еĸѡ
УģԼԭȵ츳ͨۡ
һ䡣УУȻкڰ֮ڰ֮˫֮Уڰɫ壬ٲȻ֮һ֮оֻеıԴͬģһ塣
УŶĿռ䡣֮֮оһ𣬻ΪһڰɫͼֻǣͼԼҲ޷ʹֻת
ǰиûоţֻƾڸֵҵ伮ϱըԵĸϢдĦһַǾ¾ǿ۵̫Ϊ֮Ϊ֮
۾ֱ̫̫֮£»֮˵Ȼв֮û취еͼƾǱתܼȡ¾תΪ
һЧʼΪ£ΪֹɳٶҲΪ


004 
ɱԹ飬һɱЩԹ鶼ᱻ۸ɵ֮ںϣʼʱֻǼΪõģһЩȻɢĻǵ֮󣬲۳ʵʣǿܡܿ꣬ٵֱɱɱ
Թ飬ͨԵС
ѹԹ飬ͨǱУˣ궼пܻᱻֱֱӹϡ
һ׼ŮѧĶͽʩչ죬ͱƤңֱܴӻԲѡңͽҽԺ󣬱ֱжΪֲˣԶѲѹҲпܱɰ׳գǵȵ
ǻǸոʱǶԻʩչĻ˲ܽԷ⣬
п֮еڰÿһһööϸСԲԲһģÿһöԲֳڰɫǶںϣޱȡ
ȴ֪ÿһԲԹ飬۶ɣɱԹ飬ﵽһ̶ȣͶһԲ
ǵãڵһ۳󣬽ɱԹȵȣžŰʮһöԲһ׳󣬾ڶ񣬵ڶҲ۳žŰʮһö
в²⣬žŰʮһöļޡ
۳ǿɲʲô׵飬ʵУȻйĴڣģϾңЩͨĹ꣬ûʲô̫ʶҲûк˵ֻǿĹ»Ұѡ
ȻܿЩ꣬ʮʮҲѾϰˡȻ۵츳ͨҲȷʵҪۣǿʼնûжЩ»Ұ¹ɱ֣ɱģҲֻЩ˵Թѡ
ЩҲ
ȴ̣ƣܰɱﵡ
ϣãҰػˡ̵ģҲ˫۾ˡпеĿУ
ҲһְȫС
ǰıϣУʱ

ܿȵǴεĴٵ򣬶᳹ױ߸ϵĴ䷲ʵǣҲͨûʲôҲȻͨ˶һֻ£һжͬһϡ
ǽΨһıϡ
Ǽٵġ
ڵܷ֮߶ۡ
пʼµĳԡ
һԣи𺳡Ȼڵֻ֮һ߶ʱڵǸͼȻܱƶǵһαƶͼң߶һɲǣ͸оӿе¾˲䱩ǡ
ʮࡣһɲǼе֮ӡ
ֱͲ˼顣
ԭˣֻ̤֮·Ϊʿ߶ۣۣתǰرɽ֪
һ˿
У۵˲ʮֹ۳ɳٶȸӾˣӳ۵Ŀܿաʵԡ
ңƿԽӵĽ鶯ӱʹ׵κҪľٶ졣
оΪ񺣾Ͼͼླ
񺣾У־Ȫ׾ءΪһףΪһأȪΪһףΪصأΪһףΪصء񺣾죬һһء˵е쾳磬ʵҲ񺣾еȪ׶ѡ
Ͼȴ֮ͨʼڿϣͨϾͨʲôϣܾʲôͨڣпܵϣһʼչ¶ֳ֮ͨܣҵۣĻֻ¾һöϡ
ϧֻ񺣾֮ϾķűӡԺУ޷֪̽Ҳ֪йϵ顣ҪܵõһͼǾ̫ˡ
аԳ
Ѿڲ²⣬ԼۣһϣѣԼͨʱܾĪܣħն
Źǿϵӱһۡ
2019921ա
͹ȥһˣʱ仹ĲˣȻô͹ȥһ죬ѹֹżԣɽֻһգǧꡣ
23վǴֱ併֮գʱ졣֪СûûС
һ⣬¶һĨ֮ɫ
꣡
аԵǣ׼ٴβ绰ʱһԿת
תͷȥű򿪡
һɫȹŮű˽䲻ֻжʮ꣬ഺϢңò޿ޣԵŮһߵκεطԵĿӣĶģӵеһʣͬСұڼŮ
һλ̡
󣬻һλŮ£Ƕʮ꣬һ˫޳ţпĳ£Ե쳣Բһɫӵĳ£һ毺õĹճڵĳûκ覴ãѩ׵ļ˵Ķˣһۿȥ͸һ൱𺳵κεطУŮŮ
һ˿䣬Ҳһ˿Ӣ
òʣ̼ǲ£иʤ
磡
̿Уü۶Ц⣬ĺ
ţ
нϵıŮѯʵСãλǡ
磬λҵĴѧͬѧסһĹۣͮЦŽܵͮҸ磬Уǰ˵ġ


005 ׼
ͮȻʲôԸŤˣ΢Цǰֵã״磬ѧУ̿Ǿ㡣˵ͻȻҪ̹
ã롣
׵ͷҲգֻһվɿ֡
ڡ
Ҳٴ˿ˮֱ裬ǰǰһλ˿͵ġ
磬ǲʲô飬ȻôżĽҸлѵҵɩˣҪȽܸҿʱڰǰԼ䡣
Цɳϣѯʵ
ҹ¼ҹһʲôɩӡ
ЩεĿһۣģҪɩӵĻ϶ȰѰѹءνд¡
һͮ
漴֣ͮ׽˵磬ͮҵùۣ޻̸ûʲôܣˣʲô˵ɡ
Ȼжͮȷʵżĸ顣֮ĸǲġ
Ҳҡҡͷ
ԴҲû˵ʲô
Ǵֱ飬ңڴֱУֻҲţֱǰǵڶ죬Ǵֱ䷢֮ʱǴȥҲûʲô˵һӹѡ
һΡгһ󣬻˵
ʲôΣ磬Ǻεģÿƺ顣Ȥ֪дСͺٻΣÿζԤʾʲôͬѰ鷢᲻档
εĩգشֱ䡣
һ˵
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009 
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ѩԥ˵
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ѩ˵
뽵٣ѵЩȫɻִ۶ɡѹȫǻеĹɱѹֿԵõԸ顣
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ؼ䣬ǻۣǻۣͷִкõԸвõĶִᣬվͷݣһվͻԽԽࡣ
ңͷΪġ
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йģ֮ԴڣΪǴڵģǴڵģûɽ񣬵ɽɽܹӽɽˣеԸΪļУԽԽ࣬ȥǾɽ
˵ͷܹͳ顣
Ը죬֪
еִ˼άпգֵӰС˵ḻͬʱҲк̸ۣܶǷôһ磬۳ǧͷ£ЩͷԸͻݱӦ磬ܹ硣


010 챦
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ֻѾܲס޾޷ڳأﵽޣգѹȲ񷣬Ĺ磬ͳֲĩվ󡣻Ը챦Ҳ׷׽١
˵ףҲɵġ
Уʷ֮Уĺڰⳡֱ䡣εѣֻѾﵽתĳ̶ȡ
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ҲɿЦһ
ѣҲ˵ԼĿ
ңϼأѾı䣬ɱЩĹͿԻȡԸ飬ǱԸ۶ɣǲõڻɱ󣬾͵ǾжִȫɢֻԸɻĹп۳ֲϡпǶصط֮ġǻдڵĶ
ѩٴ˵
ǻʵʵغϣѾֱ仯Ҳһ̶ϰɳ
ϣܶɹѹء
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вϵĻɱΧĹһֻֻʬ壬ϵĵܣЩʬ壬ֱӸ߳Ե
ЩʵڵģɱͻʧʬҲʵѪ⡣
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ȰȫҿһۡжԳѩ˵
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ͻ£һͷͷﲻϱɱ
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ôǡѩɫ԰ףЩ
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ʱֻڲԶһȺʮֻƤƺҲöڹ㳡ϵĹ۾ų̹⣬۹ֽеĻľٵĳɱģֱҪֱӽ޴ҳ⽴ǹ򣬶о޴ޱȵ
ȺƤٵĳͷɫΧɱȥһ໴С
أ
ɫǿһĨ壬һ񱩵ǺЩƤ￿Ⱦɱȥٶȣʮ־ˣƺܿһɫķƣ࣬ڰһɫӰ
ۣ
һצӾһֻƤϣֻƤﵱҪ˺ѳһĶڣ඼ץķ飬Ȼˣͷǰһ̽ԱһֻƤĺҧϣɫѪҺβһҡһһͷƤԴϡ
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أ
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ǷʮַƤϣ˲ͽ֮иΣѪҺֱ࣬ɢڵ棬ңеʮ־ˣնɱһֻﻹûɢڲǰֻƤһնɱųɢ
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ã״ȥأҪΣգͷסҪġѩᲢûԥҲоϵˣҪȻ֮ǰҲֱԼʹ¥Ӧ򱣰ȥһҲһעΡ
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һף
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أ
漴߾ʹһŭǺֻͷѾһֻƤֱҧͷʱǡǡͿгֽ챦ߵй̡


011 նɱ
һۣ׽ǵŭȼ
ոոƤɱѾ׼ڵɱԣھȻԼػıﱻһĶˣƤӵö֮ߣŽУΣе񾭡
ŭ𣡣
޾ŭڷӵ
أ
ûԥſھһķУƿնкնȥһϣԷеķֻ»ᵱи롣˲һ㣬ӷһնɱüƤϾܿĳ
ҲԲֱиϣѾ˷̷Ҳûãڷ£϶ᱻƿ
ңеԸҲԲ׸ˡ
챦ÿԷȫһ
ĺãδؾͻ㡣
ɢһĨս⣬ƵһӣֱĳǵȥһУֱӹעһ˿֮Ȼ֮ȻֻѪд޷עƵ֮УҪעУͨھҲֱе
һ磬ңе۸Ϭޱȣ׽סƿյĹ켣һýڷеƿչ켣ϡ

һϴݳľ޴ֱ۶һƵݳһ˿ʹͬһǿ顣
ȴûͣ١
ֱܵϴľ޴¶ʱһһ̤̫ǴϢжȥһתŵͭսìԥľǵ۾̳ȥ̳ٶȼ졣ǰܿӰ
ǸǷӦˣ·ǾзԣӯޱȡսìӳͽԴһԱͬʱһβ;ͳһβҪϣҪ顣

п̤̫һһ֮ȻȻĹעУٴ߶ͼ˲Ϣ䣬ڰɫƥ׳ޱȣһ֣ͽס
һסȣһסǰȡ
֫
ǵҲ޷Ӧ͵ڵء
Ȼħ֮࣬ʬ֮࣬иǿĿãǿʵ֮ת䣬Իߵ飬Ҳǿá
٣ԻΪԷңǸѪ⣬ܶһ˿壬ѹʩչ£ܽ˵ĻǴֱӴ
۵
˵ʱʱ죡
Ǳ˲ӳβͶûϣڵϣ˸ͷ붼룬еͭսìǺ֮ϡ
꣡
һңʮ㣬ںϣֱӷһѵ
أ
Ƿʹĺڵ档ǵǾ㣬һңֱҪǰеĳɢ
漴ƵѾ̽ǺСпѪ磬ǷȴֻٶȲϼӿ졣
һУӽֿʼǶ̶̼䣬ֱӾͷֳʤ
ÿһ˲䣬ޱȣһƾͻ˲ת
Ҳб;ۣ񣬸̤֮·ڿ񺣵ɲǣѪ壬Ѫ֮ǿ󡣳Խˡг˵侲뵨ǣƿս֣ǡ

裬ֱӾͽܹ㳡ĹϣǵĻҲסһϰٵǿС
һȥ󣬾ͱۿΪһöö
תۼ䣬Ѿ
žŰʮһö۳һÿһöҪĻǶȣЩĻǱһЩ٣۵ٶȸ죬Чʸߣǵǻ꣬Ʒʾˡ۳Ҳö۳ʵʡ
ÿһζ۵øǿ
Ǵˡ
пһ۹㳡ϣҲ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
֮ǰŰɱĹɲϰپ֮࣬ÿһ߹ʬ϶ֳһöѩɫԸ飬֮⣬мöӹڸ֣ȻҲһЩ
ǡ
󣬾Ȼ۳һöͭɫӣӴСɫԸͬСȴȰɫԸµĳһ㡣
ңܵȰɫԸŨʮǿ󾫴ԸС
״磬ͭԸ飬ǱȰɫԸ߲εԸ飬̺ľԸһöܱȵһöɫԸ顣ѩڿǶиɱʹӱ˳ԱߣöͭɫԸͿڽ˵
Щжмء
ʮûйȴɨƷֻҪһΧڣء
ڿͭԸʱѩͷ飬õѶϢ
öȻƷʸߵԸ顣Ҳ¶ϲ֮ɫصķŽС
ʲô
ٴοϸֳĹɱ۳ĹɲֹһͭԸ⣬ö
һöһɫˮһööһԵʮ
ЩһͲǷƷҲʱ֮ǰɱѾʼԲ֮١
пٵĽƷȫŽУñҲʼ
ߣȥڶطҼǵãһ챦⸽ԶҪ˶áвûֱӷص뷨
Ȼû׻ȥҪץĩոոտʼĹؼʱ̣һпܵĳɳǰڵĻۣǵõһЩĩֱҪѶϢ
лᣬһҪõ챦δѷзɳ챦˵ȫĻ룬пǵӰеĳֱпС˵еĸֹҵԽԽá
ѩҲͬ
飬֪Щ챦壬ǶԺǱǿױȵá
ֻҪлᣬκһܷŹ
߰ɣҺ棬ҪǸϣҲ㣬ˣҪԼйϵ˵ֻԼŬĻᣬ˲޳衣ϣȫڱϣֻ˵̫ˡ
ѩɫһ䣬Ҳᡣ
ٴǰȥͽȥ
ಣ
һͬľĶоʱ˲䵯ŴȺҧȥǱҧУͻᱻ߶ڵء

еľûзɹڶһʱӦ²һֶ߾һƵĻߡֱնڶߴ磬һϡ
󣬸һöɫԸ飬һö򣬹ƺһֻڵĶҡ


012 
Ҳûʱ鿴ֻҪǴӹƷȫսУڲǲ鿴ʱ׼ȵؼкϸ鿴
й˭ң죬ء
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˭Ⱦǣ绰绰ôûźţͨȫûźˣô죬Ҫ¥ˡ
ڸ¥У־ʧź־ޱȣԵ쳣ķң䣬ǴӺƽЩûκ׼
־壬顣
ЩڽСϵ೹׻ɱ󣬺ԥľһ¥ɱȥǻ棬ÿһĻѪܵģĿġ
пкȻɱˣ׷ſں
Դˣвûйᡣ
ɲǾ˵ʱ򣬲ץʱ価ܵıǿھˣһ̾Լȥм̫࣬ױ䣬ǡֱĩգĵΣգֱ޷Ԥ⣬˭֪ᷢʲô顣
ʥˣϴƴʱҲϣң췽⣬ڹµİֱ࣬Ҫ̫࣬ĩֻıøӵĺڰӵĿ¡
Щ˲𡣡ѩЩ̵˵
Ȳˣܾȡпһ˳ŴȵˣϸֳһĨᶨ˵
²ɲ֮ͣǰ챦׹λøȥ
ңٶȲ
һ·ϣֻҪǺԥĳֻɱջһööԸ顣ЩǱ
ЩȻ£ƺֵĶʮǿ࣬ǰ޷̫вһ·ǿкƹȥ
֪Ѿִһʮ·ڡ
涼ѿˣʯײôոտѩͿܸĵϣһ֩Ѻۣ飬ʮֿ¡°ݵģĵ泹飬ԭȵʮ·ڡ
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ǴӵģȻһö˸ɢĹâǿ
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ڿӶУȻԿɱһԵʮѪȣƤһȺޱȣ¶ľ޴ǣ¶׹⣬һֻֻĳɱЩӶ֪ŵ˶ٱ
һۿȥ޾Ŀ־塣Ŵǧ
ָĹɱʮѪȡ
ʬɢڿӶܡ
ѪҺȾ档
ô죬Щ̫ˣйڸ챦ڿӶУûڣǿˡѩЩɵ˵
ǿӶȫǹ챦档
ңҲЩĿꡣ
ҪϢĿǲܵ顣
ҪȴǺѣҵļû취ȫɱҲɰüȷʵ鷳һݽȥ¶һܻ뿪ļʾʮ΢С
ҪѾǰ챦ô뿪ĻǿҵĲġ
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ҲֻˣڸɱôлЩģ׼ȿ˵
ܷ뵽취ȡ챦
ԣ쿴ʲô뿪ѩͻȻһ
ۿȥһҲǲɵһ
صʶķһ૵
ͫҲһ
гһϸ졣
ֻľ޴ĿӶУͻȻðһɣԵʮֵڿӶеЩо׷׷ֵĽкǼβ;Ҫӡ
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һֻֻŵڿӶУǱ棬ֱӶɫһǵ
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Ĳ࣬طס飬Ļ꣬ǻǲҲҪһ֮Уɢľǹޱȣһأͻ᲻ʺסصЩﶼܲס϶ͬСɡ
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ЩڹеǡҪȥѩ㷢Уæס죬ڷ
ͨ˿һĻѾǵӴ
ҪǾֱ飬ѩҲᵱŷ衣
ӦǴ˵еߵĻӦûظڤ䣬δزһ¡һ˵
θ˵е
ഫһǲ̤ģǷش飬ִսҪ˼˼䷢䣬ֲѣ£鷢
ЩУȻǴ߸ոȥĴꡣ

ǧҪҲҪܾ뿪˵
л˵в˸Źâ
ԴԴϴӿӶϯ಻ں£˸ֱ治ж١֮൱Ӵ󣬶ңٶҲʮѸ١
Ƭ̺󣬴ӿӶӿʧ
һҲڻš
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Ѿ𡣡ѩѩ׵¶֮ɫ
ŮˣԴ˵еܱסѾ൱ˡ
һ㲻˺ͨˣֻҪ˱ܾͿɱ̫أȥҪ󲹣Ƚ˲ãҪȻʲģһǿģҲ壬ʡ
пѩ԰׵˵
˵ȻһӰ춼ûУһͻᱻֱա
ˢ
ѩѾ壬ֻΧɢҲѾӰ졣Ȼڣʲô


013 һʺ
ת˲Ϣ䣬һѾӳѩǿȡû뵽С
䣡
ѩо嶼һɲǼ䶳ֺʵ̫£ͬһ½뺮һǵĺ˼⺮ҲѸٰ롣ܿе˫۹ıɺڰɫͫ޾ƺ濴һĺڰͼ
תۼ䣬һɨգ׻ΪС
԰׵ɫҲһ˿
ˣڵѾҰγʲôӰ졣ҪȥӶп߿пѩָɫͷ˵
ۣе˵Ǿϣǰ;ѵϣҪмҪϲΣܷӳǿʵҲ˵ͨ
ԭȴֱǰִг֮Ϊߡ
Щ߾Ǽϵˣк켤Ҳѡ
ѾۣͬһУѾѣ켤ǺĳΣܵĳִ̼ռϣһ⣬ϵĲܼܾѡһˣûЩϵģҪͨܽصķŽۡ
ͨǷħ
ܹа취ѵģ̼ܵǳԵŵرֻҪڴϣпܱѡ
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츳
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Щѻһۿȥ֪ж٣顣һաйһɲǼ䱻ڸǡ

ڴϣһڿ񱼣ǰ˾ֻҰ׷ϡҰǸСţһɲڱʱ˲ѻȺע⡣
һֻѻڹ⣬漴ӷһҽУֱӵڵϡûа
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ѻȺУֻѻйâٴ˸£һֻֻҰǸŽӲĵڵϡ
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أ
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пյķҲһûǾʹŻûй嵽


014 
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ڷе̺ͮűſڵλãæǰèͿеӰ϶ʱ¶һ˿ɵɫ
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ˣЩﻹ˲ңˣһλǳѩᡣ֮ǰģʱûȥȵסһʱ䡣
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Ŷѩᣬ̣λ̣ͮͮͿԡҪûطȥˣһа顣
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ŮͬһŮŮ֮׽ĩֱ龰¡֮ǸദȻոտʼѣһȥĻٶȷı䡣
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磬ЩʲôƯӡѾеıʱһƷǰЩԸ飬ÿһö鱦һ̲סϲ
ЩԸ顣ɱõģÿһͷڶԸ顣˽⣬Ĵֱִ룬ڰȵȣԸŽܵĹЩǻдڵĹ翵Ļ۳Ĺȫʵ硣ɱǣܵõԸ飬Ǳ
һ˵
飬ҲԼ˽һЩ˵˳
ʱ̣ܶһ˽⣬ܸӦעԭȫ֧ͬ硣
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ǳѩᣬһ챦Ϊ飬ܼ¼ؼ£δֱмءδֱ涼꾡ļ¼
пѩֱ˵
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ңڱҲпܱҭ
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ԸǺöܶо޴ôһ£ҶװЩǱԺҪǿʼЩõԴ̺ľԸֱΪԶҪ졣׵ͷ
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׿ǿģпһһöö
Ϊʵı
۶ٶӶࡣ
ЩԸ࣬Ҫѱװˡȥװ˷ܵܵУҳһֻɫӡʵģܷǰаһλϰ¼һֻֽ
ֽ˵ӾͲ򵥣ˮƳɡ治
ó
һööӨ͸Ը鲻ϱŽڡͬʱҲĬĬš
Ƭ̼䣬еԸѾȫϡ
һһǧһٶʮöɫԸ飬öɫԸ顣㾹ȻһɱôͮȵĿУոҲ֪һֻֻһöԸ顣
һǧöҲΪһǧֻǺεȾ˵ʵ
ܶಢɱģܵõôԸ飬ȫ⣬Եɺ²ŷһʺơЦ˵
Ҫû鷢ҪռôԸ飬ֱǲܵ顣
ʲô
̺Ŀһöö򣬿ѯʵ
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Ц˵
ЩҲڴ
̹ǣɫĹͷʵһǴӹϵõĲôͮһö󣬾ͳһɫĹͷƯ
ǲģƷ
һöһö˶ذװ˸ź⣬ޱȣܸܵâһɲǣҲʲôϡ
ƺб̺һѶϢ
ͲѶϢԺ
ƺڤڤеһֹ
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ϣҲֳͬͬļ¼飬ʶĲ𽥷ḻݵġȻ챦
ʬǲģҩġҩƽƷ
ƤƤϣ£ƽƷ

һƷ
磬öкǹ
ͻȻ˵
ֻУһöѾ顣
еһǽ񣬷ǲᡣ滹еĹдء
ֽӹ
ϣȻֳϵĹ׭֡
񺣾ɿ񺣡Ȫ񺣾Уйͼһͼ֮䣬һտ񺣣ǧУǧƷ
ʱѾõڡѶϢ
ȻйҲּأ⡶ļƷͬȲϳ˶Ĺң޳ģϡʵģ޳ľǻԵʱת
ѩҲ飬ϲ˵
飬ֹ֮ˮ֮
з浱Ⱦһܸ֮١м䣬̺һϡС
ңйͼǡһͼֻһ֮ȴ֮״


015 챦
ȻȲϡ쾭ĳ̶ֳϣͬҲȡ쾭ѷɫ١ؼң޳ʺԼġԺʱתʺĹʱԺɹת䡣
ⲿڴ˿̳֣жԣŷͬһ塣
ԼС쾭ȻҪֻҪǱ޾ȻȻΪս⡶쾭Բʺ⡶ʱ򣬿һ֮·
УѾȴ󲿷ˣվǰС
ĩУʵΨһıϡ
磬ǿⱾ𡣡
̿Уڴѯʵ
ûκżʺκŮԼڶĹʺֻҪܴڱأ񺣣̤֮·ܷ񺣣Ҫʣܷ⸱һͼ裬һմ񺣡
׵ͷ
ˣܲţȫˣ˭ﲻˣЩˣʲУ޷뵽飬ֹˮľ磬Ҳ޷һ񺣡Щˣȴ˲ϢɣʣľĲͬࡣ
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д󲿷ֶǸֲϣԹҰϵľ֡۳ĸֱġ
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Ȼȱһɡ
ﻹУƷս̺ţΣ̣ãնأʣɨ˴ʽʺϳѧϰ֮áΪ֮ԴԽտսż档
ַһᣬ¼ǻңûƷ׵ġ
ҲУⱾǡƷס̺ţãأ̣ɨϰ˴ʽʺϸոսӴʿΪԴԽǾͨеٶԽ죬Խ졣
ѩҲһ˵
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Уٵķһ£ЩȷʵĻ˵ڣǰͼУҵļ¼Ҳֻصĸ꾡ңڽ꾡ܸ
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Щعᶼ򵥣õֽţѰֽţǲֻˮû𣬶ѻƻ
طĹսԲѰȡ
һ㣬ӹ۳ԸѾԤУԸ൱˼ĴڣܻΪ棬䲻ΪܡӴԸЩﶼУӲҪ˵սֱ
ֻҪţǾʹڣ
Ǹ
֪УжѾȫ򿪣ϡ
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ЩŹֵĿеˮħ
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Ҳ̺һ
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ⶫʲôá
΢΢üûж˵öˮһߡ
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ۣ
ƣһ챦ѾС
ϸȥһǽСĳǽֻССһΣͨѩףһۿȥܸܵһֲɽųǿơǰܶһ棬ĪԽ
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днܵѶϢպҲ¶һĨŹ֮ɫ
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УҲ챦
Ůƺûп˵˼Ҳû
Ҳһζ׷ѰˣʱЩ飬֪ҲҪ֪챦飬ԲᣬȻҲûй׷ʡⶼԼŪֵı治֪˵ʲô
еƷһʱҲɰ
棬ȴĲҽ


016 ӵ
ЩɲʲôϢͷ
磬еѪʳңʵСǰǰζͱ̼۾죬һƻŵɱȥǲĸ¥Уиֹﲻǰ̵ĳȥ
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ҽÿʱÿ̶ڷ
ǡ
ڣѷֺƬ̼䣬ѷѾʧ
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ϣЩĽѾˡϣ֪жܹȥľ棬̫ˡ
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ֻѾ˻ˣǰǵ㣬Ǳʲôƻ޷ʹáóֻ˻κ˵
Ӧ֮ǰֱʱĳصЩܵƷȫݻ٣ңڴֱһʼѾͣˣִƷֻѾױϡֻǹеֻºŤת档עҪ
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֮ǰѾˣеĵȫϣеľƷȫ޷ã£ҵλʵѾһ̱״̬ΪѾǰǰ顣
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ܼǹ˲һСʱ
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ʧȥЩִɱľӣʵ˵¡
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ͺǽʬӵϣûʲô
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䣬˭֪ʲô仯ִ᳹״ݻѾ޷ת顣Ҫ㡣طı䣬пܳΪ;СڣھͿԿʼܷӦšҪ֮·Ժ϶Īĺô
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ؼԪƺڲϵӻָٶ൱ˣ˸оѾʼҿ񺣣۳һ֮ԪĸӦԶˡܺĸоؼı仯
ԪѸٻָ
ԪָǾʼյʱ
ԪָĹУ϶żĺôڸӦԪĪ档
ΪʱԪŨȣڲϵӵģõģֻҪʲп׵ĸӦš۳Լ񺣡̤֮·
磬⡶Ҫô̿ѯʵɫһ˿ڴ
Ҫľǹͼ˼룬ųȫǸһͼϣϸһ
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۾ڹͼϣŮ·ȫ档
磬ʼŲʡ롣
Ǹÿ龿ʲôˡ
и飬Ůû̫ǣ򵥵ĹǲΣյġº͵Ĺˡ


017 һ ֱ
Ҳ޷о裬ֻҪǿ󣬾ͲΣաЩʱ˳ȻΪ׵ġ
ܲջ񣬾ͿûֻԵˡ
ϾҲϣѰ޷ơ
ţԽ϶кôԪΪƽʱ򣬾͸ŵʱ̡
һĪĻԵ
鲻Ǵ챦
ͨ徧Ө񣬵ֽţȴǽ񣬷ֽǲ֪ʲôʣȻɣûһ˿覴á
ڱ棬Ȼš顯ĸ׭֡
ӡУ֪˼
ˢ
вûԥԱߵɳ黺򿪡
ҳ࣬Ǹոյ¼鲢ֻ࣬ҳѡż¼ԽԽ࣬ҳҲ᲻ӣ֮һ
2019923賿ֽ١
䣬ִأܳܣУݱ磬ִݣ޷ܣѵޣ䣬뽵٣ڣ˪쾺ɡ
Ϊ¼ԪǻΪһԪΪԪһ꣬ΪԪꡣ
ֱ䣬һ죬ֱ俪콵챦ԪգУҡ

ڵһҳϣһʵ޻ֳǰ
Ҳǿҵѹ֣ƺѹһ㡣ָоϢ
ֲ࣬ȴ˸ܵٵľ潫ǺεȵĲпᡣ
̶̼֣Ѿؼ䷢ı仯ĸ
ȻǴֱ䣬ʮһȻɰģ˼ϵͷţ֮ӣبδУң˽ģǴﵽǰδеĳ̶ȣĵصġֻ£δֱ䣬ǧıȻ
΢΢ҡͷĵĸӣͳδֱǸݣѹȵضòı䡣
µļԪ
һԪͬʱȻ밧
Ԫ¼ԪôȻֱϳ֣µĺۼԪǼ¼Ԫ

Ԫһ˸оһĸоͬһ㡣ϧѶϢ̫٣Ҳ޷Ʋᷢʲô
οҲʲô̱ˣ벻ֻͨʱ
ֱ䣬һ죿ʲô˼ѵʲô塣
аԳ
ֱȻѾǾͲתȥҲûҪעһۣصģ϶Ǽ򵥵ѶϢ
ϼ¼Ŀ϶ѰѶϢضڣңҲעֱһı仯ֽ٣챦֣ԪգУڹצ֮¡һ㣬Ѿ֤ϼأһ޶еһ죬Ǿеڶ졣ֻǣڶѵлıʳ֡
а˼
ⲻС£ĴڣпֱܿӶϤصı仯
ңأشﵽһּ޺󣬲òɱ䣬˵һֳɳ˵ǿµļԪȻ綼ᷢ䡣ִ䣬пܲһɶ͵ģһɵġ
ʮľţȥһΪһ
زȫĽ鳹УɻһͿܷס
ܲôˣУӶı䲻ս֣ΨһģǿʵĩУΨʵһеıϡҵ㲻ܴӴǰǰһЩ׼ȻδóҲһУֽУȻһ֮·ǻȡ챦ΣҪúȻ
аԳ
ڵƾ֮·ڴ񺣣屦أʽеżңĻǴϹ쾭ƣǷǳҪġ
ԼУۡ
û۾ϡͨıǮҪǿεĻԷͬСɡڵѾеɱﵡֻ۵ĵһѡֻҪϴпܼµ
ⶼеơ
ǲƾĻԺ󶼻ᱻ׷ϣƶữΪС
Ȼ쾭ѾţҲŸոһ֮ãҪ콫ڵ֮׳󣬳澭񺣾һСΪǳͨȫʮ澭
񺣣۳һ񺣾һءȻʮֻҪ忪һǾͻƵڶأȵʮȫ忪ǵڶ۷塣忪澭ǵءһ澭ȫ򿪣ǵ۷塣һ׵оɡضԶ
֮·һһӡһһ羰
ݴţڹʱĽʿʼȱʧһطֻ߿ĵ·Ǵ򿪶۴أӵкҲǲϳʮ澭һͨζ쾳ĸ֡
ͨζȴָ
Ѷȣ֪
ڶ࣬ɼ˳졣
֮ѣ죡
ڣֻҪأڶλÿٳ񺣣ͿԽһεͨزϵȡԪǿһ㣬ڵ￪ٲ֪Ҫ϶٣ٶȣҲʮֹ
ȷ·ơ
Ըˡ
еĿһööӨԸϡ
ٴη顣
Ը飬ΪԸִ۶Ϊһִܺ뻵Կ۳Ը飬ԸԽǴԽã򣬲ӲԸжԸϻֳһϸСĺڵ㡣Ը飬覣覴á
ԸΪɼӿԪ׳꾫ԸƷԽߣԽ󡣡
ɫԸ飬Ԫٶȣʮ
ɫԸ飬ٱ
УԸ꾡ļأֻҪ̽鵽ģֳ;Ȼ޷ĳ̶ֳϣκ챦ѷɫ
ڣܽʡܶ๦
ǰЩԸϾͿԿЩ覵ĴԸ顣ûһ˿ʣԸ۶ɡõĲ֣ЩﱾѣˣҲûˡ
Էκε
ķܼ򵥡һֱӷڶ۵λãһǺڿСȻҪֱȥ뵽֮УͬǿԵġֻǣûĻУԸ᲻ɢݳԸһֻΪһֱֻɢвСġתԴԴϵ
û˭ݳ޵ԸֱͽУǸո̤֮·ʱӲ˷ѵľٶ
ڿУû꣬³


018 Ը
һ˵ÿһöԸ飬ǰɫԸ̺Ը൱Ӵġո̤֮·ʱһԾȫ츳
󣬽һöɫԸֱӺڿС
һ䣬ԺȻ롶ĺͼ·һĻ֮С
ޱߵĴݺ˷һĺΣ̾ھ֮ڡ
ŹĿʼʱһǿȻȻĴϴݶУԸܵһɹԪԴԴϵ˳Ŷ۵λãֱû뵽Уڵһʱ䱻̽С
ңڿеİɫԸ飬ȻȻɢһϢ˿˿׹תȫԪٶȶȻʮڴУƺһת
ңɫԸУһƾİɫԸҲѸٵĳеûȥȡžԸٶȣ൱ˣ¶һܵɫ


һķʽɡ
¼䣬ȥԪԸ³ģһ֮ͬûС
һһ¼䣬ڲӡ
֮ĸоʮÿһܸоڵ׳󣬵ǿͺܿ񺣣һıװָоÿһһİ֮С
֮ͺһСдΣþɴС񺣱øȹ̡
֮ƷʺܸߣԵЩáҪ۳һ֮ͨʮʮѶȡ
Ը£Ը֮ٶȴ
һۣ֮С
֮ӡ
֪УʱȻš
еķǴڶλãңķŶƷõģĹҲӵԭ򣬱ߺܴһ֡
еһЩҲʼɱ
ҲЩﲢǲսʤģ֣ԸһЩ䵥ĹֻҪСĵ㣬û̫ѶȡҲþûбһ浹
ټɷݽΪֵЩϮҲ޷൱Ѹ͡
Ѿ˿ʼ߳ţȺɱ
Ҳöʱڣûйɱе⡣
֪УҹĻѾ١

ŮǳһӹתϲҲʧ
ͮ㣬ûţһ̿ͮѯʵ
ûУЩоƺôһ㡣ͮ΢΢ҡͷ˵
Ҳǣһܸоȴ޷ҸоץסУ´ء񺣡ѩҲͷ˵
ָо˵ȴӦ
쿴״ͮĿϣ۾գգ¶һĨ֮ɫ
бĿȴһ˿˿ΧһתĸоֽƮȻӦǴС
ңԿ϶Ѿأ뵽񺣾ľ硣
ԴˣŮж¶һĨĽ֮ɫ
ͬҲһ˿ϲܳΪʿ̤֮·ʵ϶ǿڽҪԵļվԣһ档
Ҹ绹Ӧöʱڲѹ˵ɻ䱻ţǶһ㣬ˣȥɣȸʱͿֱӳˡ

ãöӶˣһȥ
ͮҲͷͬ
漴Ůһ߽
֮ǰѡʱҲûǹһЩ߲ˣƷңõȼޣûеҲ»û취ջ
ζдʲôȱ
ŮȻǳվտһЩҳС˻ġζôͲҪ̫ƽˡ
Ƭ̼䣬оʹһ󳴲


֪ȥãиоڿеİɫԸѾʧҲӹлָл³һ
۾һĨϲһ˿𾪡
þ˵ġ쾭Ȼܾ˲˼һöɫԸһͽһۣ̺ľԸʿյ˵ҪôҪʮ£ʱ䡣ת쾭ֻһ첻ͳաٶȣԶʿ
аૡ
Ҳһǿҵ˷ܡΪǿߵơ
ζٶǱ˵ʮʮ֮ࡣһ㣬ʵ̫ˡ
쾭ǿ󣬵ӹɵġ
ʱԪԸٶȣ޷ġʱ͸оԸ鱻ԴԴϵһ֮
ٿУֻһ֮ζ񺣣Ѿһֱ֮⣬ϸȥ֮ռݵλãҲǧ֮һ
ٳʵ̫ˡɴСԶˡ
һɾ׶࣬ɾǶʮ״С
Ҫ뽫񺣳Ǿһ൱˵Ѷȡ
ɫԸ飬ֻ¾Ҫǧö֮ࡣпֹܻҪ֮ҪԪԼԸԶͨһ㣬һǿ֮ͬǿҲֹ
ϰٵ֮ҲԵͷ
ӵ֮Ѿսóֻǻûдͨ޷ţעУ뵽ѪУսѾǼ
Ը飬ҪԸ飬ɱжͣɱԸ飬ܵõֱģǹս챦ȵȡҪɱɱԽ࣬õĺôԽࡣ
ȻеԸ鲢٣֮ǰ飬շһʺƣջԸ顣ǧö֮ࡣɽղԸıܵԽԽá
һöɫԸ鶼൱һꡣɲǿЦġʵʵǰĺô
磬ˡ
ŷ˳ѾҲ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ǹôûиӦ
Цѯʵ
һЩӦ벶׽һػôһ㡣Щɥ˵
иӦǺ£ҲһӾʹأֻҪ룬ǣһ֮ܿҪкġسʱ̣õŻᡣһҪס
Ҳ׵ͷиӦͺãӦǹ롶һͼûбҪˡζŲʺŹҲˡͼĸ
ҪĲ֣ûйͼҪ졣
֪ˣ硣
Цŵͷ˷ϣ˵磬ӦѾأ֮ǰɡ
֮ǰ֮ǰѾءġ쾭ȴǰ䶼ûᡣ
ܣ飬׽Ҳ͸¶


019 ѪȪ
ⲻǲ̣һ֪ܻԵרŽѰվȥģܣڶ˶ģͲܡ
ͺãԺ̿ҪġЦ˵Դ˺Ǹˡ
˵ʲôôˡͮҲŲ˳
ûʲôҸѾˣ÷Ҳˣһ԰ɡҪˡЦ˵
浽ǹ֪ںôǿ԰ɡһ춼ûкúóԹѩҲͷ˵
㲻̫ʢһЩҳСˡ
ĭӣСˣ⣬նһ಻٣ĸ˵ӦǸոպáȻڼеʳĲ٣˭֪ʲôʡ
ڴֱУʳҪġ
ûʳ˭ˡ
Էɡ극˵
Ҳͷ˵
漴ûж˵һ
Ůջ㲻ȻƲǴ𣬵ҲǿɿڣҲˣʹƷ
棬ǹ˻һҽ
һ죬ŮҲʼӦһʼʱĿ־԰ףڣҲܴڳԷ
ֻгԱˣлᱣס
顣
ʱһѾȫԵһɶǶÿһʳﶼ൱ıûʸ˷ѡ
Щ꣬ĩϵеĵӰ˭ûٿĴĩУʳĶһʳȱɵĺǺġ
Ǽ롶һͼҵʱ̣ÿһÿһ붼ΪҪԪھұ仯˵ֻҪһǾţ׽һʱǲԱ
п˵ҲڴŮܹٳɳţʱ򣬲ܰæҪȻܻסǣԺͺ˵ʵǸ
֪ˣ磡صͷ֮ǰ롶һͼҲоһֽȻͬȤ׽һʱͺǲ׽һأһ㶼÷ơ
һȽⶰֱһ飬˯ȡҳȥǾͽŹϣ˭Ҫš
жȻ˵֮࣬˯ЩУǾ͵ΣգԲġ
״磬ȥĻŰɣ鲻ֱ֪ѶϢ֪ЩѶϢ
ѩῪ˵
ãֻڴжѣŽɭϣţţֻҪŹϣһЩϲҪ˶೤ʱ䡣
׵ͷӦ
ʰ
ٴνƵսìȱʰãϱԥ̤š
꣡
ֱӹϣƵɨӹȥѾҹûе磬һƬڣ£ܵľɿӳУҹ磬ֻͨ
֨֨
·һг˲䣬ͻȻ䣬һӰƾմϿ˹˳ȥǰֱһ׶ûУͺһֱͷһ͵˳һٻɱ
ʲô
еķӦʮѸ٣̧ͷȥһӰѾ˵ǰ붼룬־һȥǺӰܹ죬Ƶû䵽ϣ͸۾ǰѾԤеһڰֱŤתһߣһ¾˵вǰ
һɺⲻĴӲѸӡ
зӦٿ죬ɱצץһ£¼Ѫۡ

һбѸײڶ֮ƣһ¾ĵӰϡٶȼ죬Ŀж죬ж졣
Ѫ𣡣
סĺӰӳУȻһֻ˶ޱȵĺɫ۾Ѫ죬¶ݣпյģһҧ飬ܼȡѪһҧסȫѪҺȫ⡣
ںڰУǼΪµɱ֡
ͻȻ£жѪצץˡ
ۣ
ûаԥ־һѪͷ­ϣ꣬ҲǿסС
磬ݲһ˿һиֻһͱҧвӴˣֻ»ᵱѪҺһ߱ĸʬ
пóֹѪ˿ϿóһŴʹ˿ڴ
Ҳɰ裬ֱ䲻֪ѷٹԲֻһЩƤҰô򵥡иĹڲϳ֡
ҹȫЩǹ¡
һСģ֪ôġ
б
Ѫ𱻻ɱͬԿһöɫԸʬи֣ͬһöų֡
Ըӽ顣
ѪȪ伮ô
ѣһУ渡ֳѪȪ׭壬أڲʱ΢ɨһۺ󣬾ͽⱾŽСֱ¥ȥ
ⶰúܸߣѾתҪͨĶаĻֻһأͻ۵ſڵϡЩжԣͲ£ǰ¥Ǿݣ¥£һأ𵽻ǵá
ھ͸ڻ£ȥһκ
߾ЩеĹҲ޷̫в
ƤһСɥʬںڰУκ˶вһɱЩȴ׷׵е¡
û̫ĵÿһζֱ˵ķʽӳȥֻΪʱнԷɱ
֮ڵÿһܿӵʱĹ켣
ЩޣƵ£׷ױ
һ·ȥû̫׺Ĺ
¥º󣬷Ѿ򿪣Ѿ˺ƬѪζʮŨңͷϵⶼеֻһЩѪ˿
ҡҡͷûԥٽ¹ϣͷشãٴοʼɱɱֱһ˹ȥÿһ䷿ӶšӦͲȥûӦģֱӾŶ롣
һԣһõʱ
ؼС
ŮѾóй롣
ûдţ򿪱˻õջ˳
ԸȻö˵ֻõһٶöȫǰɫԸ飬ɫһöûСԸһߣµģһЩ
һһ顣
඼һЩġЩʱòϵġ
ڴ˵õһᡣ
ǹ
һȻǹš̺ʽǹ̡Ȧɨ㡢ÿһʽռһҳ棬һװųǹֻҪĿ棬ܿͼǾֹģͬһ賤ǹǰֱǹ侳ĿһǹʦǹޱȵǹеС
֮ǰġˡеķšյ


020 ڶ ̫ʧ
ǹսìû̫ǹļɣȫսì棬ǹǰǳìݱǹìûʲôȫԹͨⱾǹһ£ʱӦɱٶȱø졣
ϸɨӼۻǹͼͬǹʦڻǹֻǿһ飬Ժ̵ӡҪǴвʺĻֱסսìʼĳ嶯
⡶ѪȪʲô
ǹºٴνǱһʼ͵õᡶѪȪУϸۿⲢûбǹսʲôġƺر֮ǰеĹûʱ鿴Ҳ̲ס棬ʼ
ϣѪȪ
пѪ֮һѪȪϣмȡѪҺ֮ܣܴѪҺ׳Ѫ⡣ɳѪ֮ԴѪܴ֮߶Ѫϡ̺ǿ޲ڰˣܿٻָƣǿѸϣ˿ڸԭ
裺ѪʯѪѪѪ١
кȻѪȪĹ֮ɲǼ򵥵ܿٵģ͵ѪȪϣҪȡѪȪϣͱп٣ңٲǼ򵥵Ѩ򿪾ͿԣҪ۳ѪȪղܴѪȪϡңУʧܵĿܡ
УйѪȪϵͬйҪŵرЩﱾͼԼյѪȪ֮
Щȱκһ֣ܹѪȪϣʮѡ
Ȼǿϵĵ伮֮ǰĹҪ󡣡
пҲɵĵһжڷŹ⣬ǹ֮һɣǾͨǷǵܷӳֲ˼ÿһϵĿٷţΪ޼֮
໥ͨ൱˵ֶΡ
ͺԼ쵮ۣҪƾĵرп٣ͱңܿ̽ʩչǿ󹥻ϵıԴ
۱Դͨ
ǽɱ䵽߲ΣͨһɱĹ̡
ͺѪȪҪٳѪԵͨͺѪԵͨ˱Դ˸һܹתӳ
ʿ磬񺣾Ϊһ磬еĸڶϾҪϣû֮Ͳܿٵϣһ൱ֱӵ⡣֪ѪȪϵĿٷڶԣҲޱص䡣
òϣ϶õϡ
û뵽ϻҪŵرҪѪȪҪֱ棬Ѫ׵õով͵õһšκϵĿ٣ô׵ġ
ȴҲܵϿٵѶȡûʲôܹƾտٵģҪӦĵرҪռһֺʱ飬ıÿһ󣬽ļֵ϶᲻
ˣϵһ̫ңԶԲҪ̫롣Щռ˵ԺȻõϡ
룬Ҳûִ̫ţ񺣾֮֮ڶԣû̫棬ٶ룬Ҳ޼¡Ϊû취ϵġ
ԼоѿϡпϾ֮ǰƿϣͨܡҪȻռĵرɡ
ץʱ
бһ飬ǻйҲڶʱڲвҹҪɱԲһǵѡ񡣶ֻ˯ȻҲʵʣĲҽ˻Ƭ̶ûͣ¡˯÷
ٴóһöԸ顣ŽУͿʼĿת쾭Ϲ롶ĺͼԪԸ顣
һʱ޷оʱĴڡ
֪УʱѾȻš

һӿккڰ֮ת
Ѿߵˣô滹Ǻڵġ
˿ϵĻеǻеǵӱûڴֱлٻ׼ȷʾʱ䡣
ϣпһöԸ飬Ϊ֮֮Уе֮ÿһǿѪе֮Ѿٵ֮࣬ģѾСٻһЩ֮ܿʼʮ澭
һǿĸоʮ
磬ߵˣô滹һƬڡѵҹ䳤ˡŮҲٴνйѾֻһ֮ֲ֧ס˯һᡣɱڰ֣ȼüͷ档
Ծôô䣬Ͽʼ¶Ⱦһֱڲͣ½ڶѾߵˣ̫Ѿ𣬾ûҲ˺ڣҹһģһǲǳʲôˡ
ͮҲ΢΢ü˵
Ǿ£ڵȵļ̫ʱѾʼ𣬲ܵߵӣⶼһ˿âûС̫˾ɡ
ȷʵֱ䷢ؾѾ仯ղ֪£Ǹı䲻ˣֻ˳Ӧ̨ϣܣȻΧһƬڰУܿ󲿷
ˣ״磬ط仯Ӧûмءó˵֪ʲô顣ѩͻȻ

Ҳͷͬ
ٳɣһ󣬽Уһζϸ֡
Ȼһµļسϡ
ֱ䣬ڶգ̫ʧ𣬺ڰִءʧȥϺء䡣
ϣ仰ôֱӸֳ
̺࣬ĺ壬ȴһƬ䡣
ǿǾþò֮УһƬž
̫ʧټھԲ
̫ʧĺʵ̫¡ȣû̫򶼻ںڰУң̫ʧĺȴľǺ䣬£ڵһʱ俪ʼ½Ƿٵ½Ҫ˶ã϶Ὺʼѩ򣬶ʱ
ûе磬û̫֪˻ֱӱ
ټвԣս
û̫ڰĻܿ¶Ⱦͻ轵ǱʱѩḲСûޱ·ܶ˶ᱻ浽ǹǱڼУˣҲںڰгţҪûʣļʸߴųɡ
ͮգգ۾˵
ǵһ죬Ǵֱ俪ｵ٣ǵڶ̫ʧпھһֹɡ̫δԶʧȥ϶һ
΢΢üϸ֮ǰϿѶϢ²˵


021 ѩ
أֱɱ䣬ڽ˵һΪֱݱ䣬ݱµĹµӦĸı䡣̫ʧпܸݱżĹлֵı仯֮һ
ΣǷ²һȴֻܿʱ֤
磬ûʣֻһЩޱ촩·Ҳֻиһ˵ġҪѩĻǸš
̵ǵ˵
Ǿ죬û뵽̫ͻȻʧ飬ȻҲû׼ʣ·ʲôģȫûУޱĻڼеУҪѩû·ȥ˵ɱվСʱ᳹׶
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ⲻǶ죬Ǿ죬û׼¾ͽ뵽˿µĵУǿҵķٴ󲿷Ǿ֧Ųȥġ
һ뵽⣬Ҳһ˿Ȼ
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׼뿪̨صʱͻȻ䣬һ󼱴ٵĺ۳ķȥ
ǺڰУҲܿļΪ
ڴµһֵѾѩǣڣȴ˾ŻѣѩпӴܣһˣһȺˣֵͲòˣֻûѣϽֱͣӵȼѩߣҲ˴
ѴͬʱҲڰеָ·ưдﱻɱʱһֻɫ׷Ǻ档
ȺƺʱۼһģӣҲŮɫһЩûоĥµѧңĳӦϺѧеѧЩŮӦѧУеĵʦ֮ġ
ЩɵĶ鲢Сϰˡ
ŻѣɫţңɫǶһ԰ףϴ£űӣû취׵ֵ
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ǾǴѧУӳġ
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022 
ѧУУ֪ѧʦЩԵеͷӶʣ£ѪܵĻ棬ûκ޶ԣ֪ѧŵĵ¥ɱе޾ľټϿµĺ´ѩܶ˾ôˡ
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޷ֻܿ˫ӱǣ;УϼԱ˱׷ϳȺϮߡû취赲
ܶŮѾŵ
Сģ
ʱںڰУһӰŶһŮʦɱȥڻѵҫ£ͿһֻȮС۾ѪɫģϻѪ˿ײС˹ٶȼ죬һѪϢȻɱˣԹ⡣
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ΣͷȻһһɫë£磬ǰ͹̣ȴһŮзŮǴ˵ͯվ顣ڣȴɱǴзġ
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һŻѵͬѧͱһֻ˵ֻ˹ʱֱӾһڽĲҧӲ˺һѪ⣬ѪӿȪһȻѾˡһ̣˵Ĵ
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ЩжɱڹĿ־ѾɢĲ࣬ͨҪǿĶࡣڹҲҳƴɱ̫࣬ںڰУǻҲȫҫ˱͵ϮֱڰУһĲҽ
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ԿˮĻֲ֧˶೤ʱͻ᳹
ϵĺâҲڲϰ
зķٶԽԽɫҲԵúܲ԰ס
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ûֻһδζϵøǿ
ϣ㿪
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ѪţһֻڴֱӲڵϣӲĵ涼һ䴩ֻ󣬵
˭ļһһ˫񣬻ںڰУļ
һֱһ˿𺳣ڰУɱ£ûƬ̵ľֹһ˫ɱͷѾ


023 
˭ҡҲһľԼ޷־ãңЩĹ£Ļἱӿ죬ոֻٵֵһιͻĴտ϶ᱻɱϣû̫սɣƾľԼǿĹ²ҲҪˡ
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ⶰоסĻã϶ȫ˵Կ϶ķжҪǿң̫ˣһֻ󣬻ܽһ档̺֮󣬼ֱǿֲ
ˢˢˢ
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ոճһѪζֻһֻ˶ſ죬͵ĳвҧ˳ʱûκεס

쾭󣬶ΣѾΪһֱܣٶתеƵҲת˲䣬ֱնȥںڰһĨ⡣
ֻɱٶȿ죬лӵٶȸ졣
צ֮ǰͱһ룬˫йâһһֱӴʬң˳ƽһöԸս
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תۼֻ飬ͷƤ顣
ĺáҵۣ
пûη壬¶һĨ˷֮ɫһ䣬һ˫ѾϢĸֳڰ֮ɫ

һУ׳ĺڰ˲бѾҲѾֻǲûгɣд󲿷õġҪȥա
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Χܵ󶼸оһ󲻰
ѹ
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׷׵ڵϰ
п¶һĨϲɫ漴ͺǰӵɱڵϵֻ֪ҽУ֪ɱһһ֮룬Уһģꡣ궼ڲҽСͷУص꣬ۿ뵽УõΪʵʡ
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һȴͬ꣬ɱǿЧһڵϣֽ꣬ɱǵȻȻķǵ˺²ܽǵҲܶй
塣ܵʹ࣬ǰЩΣһͷҽСǰֱǴ׵ĸһֻֻ֮ûУûаײУ׾ͱƵһնɱ
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ʮֻ˶󣬾ôת۱նɱ
ЩҲǵʬиֳһööԸ飬ԴˣкĽ֮ȫռķŽУһЩʬϸֳĹҲӽŵȻȥٿ
лӵٶȼ졣
ڵ֮ÿʱÿ̶һѪ⣬еͬʱӷ·ǲоκƣӵٶȸ죬ң಻һ̶ֳ֧֮ȵɱʱ䡣ɱһ㡣
ȻãֻԸʵԼҲ࣬΢ǿһЩģҲһã̫ǿĶ֣Ͳ̫ãҪ۳ܶԸҪԸȺǿɱݡ
ÿɱһŶԷֱӷ˫УͼĴ£ֱ۳һööµõۿɼٶȿʼ߰۳һöʮֻȫնɱʱ
Ҳɡ棬žŰʮһöۣһ˸źڰ⣬˲һ־η
ļɣǰɱУĥġ
ǰȻҲ۳ץħУһЩҪ˱ᣬʵսĻᲢֱ̫࣬󣬵ǹҲӦҪɱµһһϦģҪԵҪϳɳ
Ծͽͷϡ
΢о£ͷеɷֿɺϣֿȻǿȴҲֻ࣬ԸǿȻУɶԸʵǿȴĹȴһõķš
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ҲһֶԵеֶΡ
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025 ռ
ΪʵĲͬͳĲͬϢ
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ΪһģʵڸڵһϣȻġҲ᲻ͬйؼ档
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ǣвȱԸ顣ץÿһʱǿʵпɳӦĸֱʡҪȻڿɱһЩɺĹԽԽǿ綼ĳʱΡ
Ҳֻˣ֮ǰǲǵõҲһǹʱҲһʱ䣬޷Ǹʱ򣬾ͿЩԺͮйâһת漴
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ЦóǼᡣһֱӴռȡġ
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ûϿʼǹսǻص䣬óԸ飬ٴκڿСһ񺣡
УԿϵټԸ飬ǿʱ䳤ԪǣΪٶȶԶƽʱٶȡԿУѾǧ֮߮
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УѾռݼΪɹ۵һС񺣲ԭȵôտ
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ЩѨϡֻѪʱ໥֮أͻȻѪתĹؼڡΪѪתŸʣ̶̺֮ѨУѪתͨС
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ϴĲࡣ
ΪʲôܶУյӣѡ׿ţЩʴģȫ֮⡣


030 
㣬ûе
ʲģҪͬһ磬Ҫķѵʱ䣬Դǿ˵ʮֹпƿһͻƣһ粻ֱӾ֮⣬һΪõ
Ȼܲ׾ԷɣЩҲܷؼҪˣǿ಻ϣʲҲȡóԽŵĳɾ͡ˣϾЩɲ˶еʴĵӡǲܵ飬ĵ뷨
ڹ롶ĺͼУ̾ᣬԪ
һ䣬еһ֮׷׿ʼζֱӳ󳦣λڶۣλþǴ󳦾ɴ󳦾һ·ϣһ󳦾ᴩʮѨ
ˢ
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пǿ಻ͬİɫʯͷʯͷ̺ıԴϢЩʶżĲͬ

һЩھӵд֮˲˵ǿɫʯǰſھͳʯͷҧȥһҧǼӲʯͷȻ֮Ӳһҧһ飬ֱȥתͷ񺣡̽ȥ


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˭ܹһɽôǰƾγɣ˭࣬ǹŴ࣬ôƾյĳڵϡָо׵߸֪
𺳣޷ġ
սʵÿһöǳһ磬ˣɽʵģ򣬾ͻΪһ֣õøԭȻе࣬飬黯ʵΪ࣬ΪǸ컻ءд˿ҲĿɿڴĸо
Ժиںе𺳣һ㶼ҪС
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ѾŴͣǲŵĿ⡣
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жԣͿһö׹ǳϣֳԷ򽫸ͷӽȪˮеĻ棬ȵȻ档ʮֲ˼顣
Щǳϵ׹䡣
ۿɼٶȷɱ䡣
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Ƭ̼䣬òѾ췭ظĸı䡣
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Сһ޷С
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ԪҲڸգŴ롣Ԫע֮С
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Щǳ磬ֻһö൱ԭȵǧ򱶴С
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ڣֲϵݱ£ԭȵĵòѾױ߸ˣʧˡЩȴø졣
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ɽɽɽ
ַ˼ľ󣬲ϳҴС
𾪣Ҳֻڷɱ䡣


042 Ҵ 
磬⻹ǵ𣿡Ŀɿڴѯʵ
ش䣬ںϣѾԭȵĵȫͬˣѾ㲻ǵˡһ磬һ¼Ԫһе֮ɫûгɢ
֮ǰпһƬצģҲ뵽⶯ô󣬷ĸı䣬ֱ췭ظ׵߸һУԭȵִĸ컻ǰǾһҳ㣬ΪУʷСκηˡΨһµģǰЩҴߡ
ǴеҴߡ
ЩҴ߶ˣִĺۼһ㶼Ҳˡ
ƻϲϱ仯֮ǰǰ׼ѾûˡеʣҲҪ군ˣ˵û군ԼȥңҲȻûκξԵ飬׼Ҳпͽͣ׷ѹ򡣡

֮ǰΪֻõĩԼ׼ʣأڽܸ޴棬ǳΪɳǿĸȫΪС
޳
䲻κ鶼Χתġκʱ򣬸ˣܵõرġ
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пεѣһУҪֹȴЩֽ⣬ڳֺ˲ʧ
вٵҴߣգۼ䣬ʧ˴롣
һֻֿٳץ
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ɽɽླ֮ϣó֣Υߣ췣֮ؼ⣡֣УƺƵϯ档


ڶ 㿪ʼ


043 ½
֣ؼ䣬ȻȻĸֳһ貵գأһС
еĴ֣⣬磬ȵȣֵ˲䣬ֱӱѹȫһɲɿܵ£߽⣬ΪΡ
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ԭȵҴߣѾӶ룬󲿷ֱֶӶߣʣµģʮϡ٣ϡϡĳŵ׹ȥ
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λүҵİΣͿˡô죬øɡ˿ЩһľʿЩʿһӵģһġȻиĤнġȶء
ҪŽʿšһ˵ʤĻᡣ
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044 Ϊս
ôˣӻˡд򿴵ֱ龰ϲ˵
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÷λԼԼ֪ʲô鶼ûУһⶼûС֮ǰ˵ĶٻرڣҪǽĹ˵Ȼ˵
겻ǱˣС
֮ǰϵ󣬲ԾСҲ֪ôɽУʱдཱུ٣һɽڣǻԣҲûԵ̫ע⣬йɱˣдԱһ
Ҳ˲һ𣬿Ǽ鲻ʲôƣֻǻԶѡֻһֱȻһֱţȫȻûʶʵ֮ǰһʱ䣬ѾѹֻܵûóȻǰϸΧ
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ԲͬԲͬ磬λͬݲͬʿûͳ죬ûͳָˣؼǣƺûִֹۣʶĴŴڡ
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Ѿٵûмװԣͦ
첽ɽڵλȥһǰȥһ߿ۼΧʿˣſڶϺȵǾˣʿԲͬ磬ͬĳͬĹȣ˲ߣҹڣǻǱǻǾˡ
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еĻͬĺģ˲ôϣЩʿˣйâ˸ֳһ־ɷǱǺñֻûͳѡ
˴ͷңɢϢԴ󽫾һѹȣ˲һĨη
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Ϊս²Ϊ˱ˣΪԼҲҪɱġ
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ſڷһϺȡ
ǰǺԥתۡǰХɱȺڰ׹âá
ۡ

˲бǰȻȻķֽ⣬Ϊİöڰɫ˸źڰױ⡣
˲ӭɱȺֱȥ
֨֨֨
Щ󷢳ҽУ׷ױϣɢĳ˲󶼸оһеľʹ񱼵̬һ¾͵ڵϣĲҽС
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пԥǰһӣսì̳һìͽһͷԴһìƵӳƥ֮עõ˸ɭĺâ
һӳǰһ貵Ļ⡣
ֻһףԴֱնϣѪѪζܡ
һ֣ͣ٣ѹ󣬲ҽУϷһӲֻҪǰնɱ
һ̤սìƵһδλӳÿһαȻߴǻ棬ͬвһڹȺУͥŲͬΡ֮Ѫȷ硣
ͬһս񣬺޼ɡ
һĻںЩʿУʱһϸֳ֮ɫˣľǿߡֻԼǿˡ
ɣ˿̵Уеǿߡ
бܻΪٵһ¾ͽڵȺӲѹϺĵڵϣӰͬħ


045 ɱ
ͻȻµУңûмңûй˲ڣûѣûнãȻڿУħֶΣз·һɲǼ䣬ӵ˾֧еãȻһɨգӿֳһ˿ȡ
ɱѽɱѽʿ۷죬סͳһֻѹסնȥ䣬Ѫ֡
Щһ㷴֮ûУͱһ
ЩʿҲǾרŵѵ֣ҲǺڵ󣬸ûз֮ĵǰҪɱֱҪ̫ɡ
ɱǹôЩ;޴ôɱӾ͵ǵ˿˵۾Ц
ɱİǿᣬʿǾˣûмҹҲҪЩ޴İոҪҲҪǰ棬ҲһҪ죬˭˭
ɱѽΪˣҲǣȥҪȥȥϣȥҵˣȥ½԰
һʿױеѪԣеѪϢеɷϷ
ϰʿıѹסİٶֻ̼ͱնɱڵأٶ֮죬
ЩͬڵһʱŴ·Сһ걻ڵͼŵȥñһööõۿɼٶȿٻΪʵ壬۳ʵ󱦹⡣
Ƭ̼䣬һĿ׻Ϊʵ
޼ɵӶ꣬۵ĳɳž޴ĺô
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һֱֻӴӵһԾצӳк׺ݵץȥٶȼ죬ֻͨºѱܿУȴÿһĸԺС
ɱʱսìѾֱӳɱ·ǰͺֱֻԼսìײ˲ͱսìԴһ˦ͽʬڵϡ۾һɨֱӱ˫Уֱ˽ȥ
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ļʼռͦ
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ͨеĳŸֹߣĿɱЩڵϵĹĴñⵣ飬ʯͷҡ
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ԺֻһͷǾɱЩҲҪսС
ټеǰ棬ͬħܣһɢȥôﵹز𣬶ʿĹ裬ĵļޱȾ޴ġ
ǿߴ£ʲôþµġ
¶ԸȫʢʱڵĹɱѹĹɲҪʲôúµģֱӴɱһ㣬ҲԼеʱ䡣ѹ䣬бѹĹȫɱԼ֣Ҫ̫౶
ɳȥѹһת۴һꡣգۼ䣬±ȥٴѹңڼι󣬵۳ʵʡ
ܷѳٴӣﵽİٰʮöɱٶȣٴӡ
øʿжʿ硣бӰĿУɢһֿȣһ־ηͨ˵̫𺳡
ܶˣû˵ӲҪ˵Ǽ
ԭȵУˣǾˣףڳùеϱ
Ŀã𺳣޷ݵġ
ֻһͷȥɱ
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ɽȵĹ֪УѾױնɱʣµģҲѾ䲻
ɽڵλãһƬѪȣѪɺӡʬ壬ѻڵϡҲʬ壬ʿս塣ֻǣȣɱ
еǰ棬ΣյҲջһʱ䡣ǹ̫࣬

ʬɽѪϣһʿնڴڴŴĿϡǹâоηпȣ·Ѿһ־С
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Σһкڰ֮ɫɱĴ룬õջȴǾ޴ģĹ걻󣬲ۣڰѾۡռУڲϵĴá˸ź⡣
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˵Աͷɵһ˿ˡ
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սͻؼڣûмֵǵΪԼսΪսΪػսΪ˵սվȻӢ档ԶҵͬڡǽֻһĿʼ
Щսߵʬǰɫأһ񣬻˵
һܵʿգеĿӲͬһ˿ͬǱصĸоʿΪ֪µɽ𺣣ǰҴ
֮䣬Ҫء
սʿգͬõʿյءУеʵݣ϶Ϊ߹ܶսʿվϹһִδйء
ô죬ġ˵ʲôʲôһĴǰ˵ϴϣѪˡ֮ǰɱУҲǷǰңҲÿһܾ׼
ʿУǱȽǿһ
ǰǶġ
ֻܴǴһ·ҶҾͷ㡣
ʿգҲڴ˵
ɫ񣬶ΪϣǵĻǷĵġ
ɽЩˣһɢɳһΣ˵ҪֻŽһ𣬲Ļᡣ


046 ʲ
ɽеˣǴӸнٵģ˴˲Ϥ˭ûǿͳˣΪ໥䶼нģϾİˣûпһͷΡ֮ǰ
ڲͬǶȴĵ׵ŷ
ɱġ
ֶصȡ
ɽУǧˣֻиҵǸһֱվ˵ѪԳ׼ǣͲͨеġȺУȻȻľ;ۼŴ󲿷Ŀ⡣
ʱڷսѾ󣬸ͨգԳսһ˫˫Ŀϡη壬оηпȡ
֮ǰɱȻûвμӣڸĿãսḶ́չ¶ʵһĵηʶʼĹǣ֧
Щʿɱĳ󺺵ĻҲ۾һ
ǰ˵ǰﶼͨˣҶԲͬĵطʶûмܻһ𣬾Ե֣ͷУҪͷߴǴңл綼ˣֻܴǻȥ
ԸΪʲôġ
һӦ
һ̣ˣϣϣϾû˭ЩиŲܷµִˣŮѡǷɢֻҪţž۵һ졣
޷žۣ⣬ȥҲܴܻţû˭Ը
׻ô㣬ھпһϣȻ᲻һеץס
Ҫģֻ֧ȥϣȥһ˿ܡ
һ̣ǿУͺǿڰеһ⡣
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ϵرԲͬĹңͬ磬ǺۺڷƤУﻷУѾûУҶǱ˴˵ˡֵܡǼˡֻҪŽһһԿǵļ԰ǵδ
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˵ĶԣǶֵܽã浽ǹޣǶ࣬ӦŽᡣ
ģŽܴһ·
жһͬͷ˵ĺеҲˣĺǿ϶ַڹ޵צ¡
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ȿڵĿǰѯʵѾǰΪı֡
ʲô֡жӡɱʮ׺ηʿУ͡
ҽ󻢡شǸñ
ã󻢣Щʱ죬ˣսߺúۼһԽǵʬռᣬᱻҰƻúٽǵʬղʬҵıУǵ꣬𡣡һȻ˵
ǣ
жʱһ˿ȣеĻûκλɣ֮ǰչ¶Ѿޱȵӡ
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ҲһȣǼУҪǽʬȥһҹͻᱻ޸ǳеͷʣ¡ЩͣǿǿоȻܳսʬ壬ʬܵƻ겻ɢ
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ҲǻҰ
λγƺпһŴ磬൱ʮߣ侫ɫڰУҲԵñȽͻ٣ŴϣѾԳݵλңտԼĿȣߵУŵ뾪졣ȣѾͨߡ
еȻܿ
ջƣֳ塣ǰ΢΢һƽ˵
Ƴ壿ԭǻϡһĨʣ漴ͷ˵ڸոɱ˹ȫʬ壬ЩƤӦûвͬѰıģҪֽʣЩ󻢴ʿнʡƤﲻܳԣЩԳԡ
ڴûʳԴЩ⣬ƳɣָҳԡʱһʳԴҪҪʳ
ԣû֯ңæ췹ȳһٱġ
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ƾóĻ棬Уɳ𺳡ƾóƷľٶУɰֶΡ
˵ļãЩ£ĳԵƳҲ׵ͷеҲе⣬ɽеİ࣬ۼһͻȻ֣иģֻǼΪôùȥܶ˶ǶŶӡ
ʳΪ죬Ҫһ㡣
ҪӶ˭㡣
𣡣
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һʼΣվǰǸһھʧУ˲;ۼġʿ䣬޲ɱǧ˵У˵СҵӰѾӡаУˣһʵѾõ˵Ͽɡ
Ҫ˳⣬ӣ˿ԣܳԱӣȥ˶Ҫһ顣
ˣԲǳ֮Ƴ尵˼
漴Ϳʼ֯˿ʼɨսԱҲ͵Уôаơ
ϵȷʵټеķԸҶԻƳ˵ĻҲǺԥӡ
󻢿ʼʿɨսЩƤֱӽʣڱûʲô⣬ڵĹУһڱ̵Ĺͷ˸ŶصĹâõҲ޷Ƕ̹ǿϡ֪Ǳ׷ռңܿͷ֣Щ̹ǳֵλãֱֻϡ
һ֣ռٶȴҪʣֱնֱۡ
ЩʮַӲͬǲսƷ
ƤƤȡůԳԡ
ܶ϶¶һַĵĻЦԭʲĻ֣̿ǣ˷ʹ඼ʱŵһߡҪľǻȥ


047 
ܳԱܻȥֵø˵顣
ֻлţȥԼҪ顣
鶼ҵĽšɽλãѾɳȥ졣һжͿԽһ̣Ҳڵõһ˿С
˿ʯͷֱ档
̧ۿܣеɲϣȻһö̫ҫķ̫ǰ̫֪Ҫ϶١
֪ôԭڵ»УԻصļ̣ӦÿƽȹͲ֪ûʲôΣաҴǾпܻôˣõ죬ֻܣǱЩܣߣУ䵽½ĳһ򡣡
˵ʵڣϣԸĸǱߡʱԣ֮УȻӰȫɳȻ˳ǰڣǾԲΣա
ߣдˣңЩߣΪľϵĴˣߣȻŵ˶˶ӡߣ
ԣܹõõȫĳɳ
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ˢ
нסʱͻȻ䣬ңԶһз·̺ĳֶصȴ޷ȷλã
ս壬ԸаգͲǰҴ壬̴ҵһջصء·ص£˷˲½޾
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壬ô׽𽨴½õǰ׽𽨴оһûв²⣬϶Ǵ˵еĴ󺺿֮ңõǰ׽𽨴ֻˣܵõ׽𽨴½
ҪǺֻܽԲǧ
ңĻᣬֻһΡ
Ļᡣ
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۰ԣս塣Աܰա
һĻջص


048 ƴ
۰ԣ۰˭û˵ɻ૵
ƣ»ᣬ۰ԡзнٵɫһ䣬۰Բ»ᣬţˣҪʲô
Կطս壬ӭλͲһ𿪴ǴҵĻҵһջص̫Կط壬⡣
Կ壬ս壬˷Ӣžơһ̫Կ塣
ɢ½кܶ϶¶һֹŹֵɫ˵̫ԿطǱԼĺõܵԿġ
ͬʱ壬Ҫʲô˼棬᲻ֱӴ
ֵ֪ܶܵ˱鶼ЩŹ֡
Ҳ˵˵ѣ½ʵ̫ˣ˭֪ԷĸţڴεĴ󳼽Ҳö룬ܾۼȥûдΣǣͬǻʵۡеģֻԭȵĻʵ۹⻷ѡܲ𣬿
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ǰԺһɫۣθߴ¡׼գףʮӡǱãڶʮ꣬һƦе࣬彣̧ۿգ¶ע֮ɫ
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Ϊ֮ǣȳ˸Ӽǿ󡣶ĽҲǿңͨˣ½УֻһԿط
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Ƭ̼ͷһԣĵ׳ԼĴկͬĴկʱ

˿̣ɽڣֻǳɽеİ׹ȻȻǰһɲ֪ľɵĸۡȻȻڴϡϣԵʮִӡ
ڲԶһƷϣֳƣ׭塣
һĻɽеʿУɵһǿҵ𺳡ƾ񼣰Ļ棬𺳣Уһֽ߸Եľ
Ȼǳˡ
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񼣣񼣰ոջûκνһӾͳһۡƷֶΡ˷жп֮ɫ
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ݼ峤ԺҲмˣҶƴһԱ󻢵ǰݼȻ֣Դȴ


049 
֮ǰѾ㱧סеĴȣ󣬸ǿߣлȥȻѾʹһ·ߵס
˵Żڳ͢Ž̫ܻ࣬ҪЧңͲĶ⡣ܳͷء
а뵽
ôģҲôġڸǽĻѡУǾһһ⣬ʱһͿ϶ܱΣܳͷء϶Լ
УĺףƾԼ϶ѻȥ
ڿٴչֳ񼣰ֶΣƾγһۡһƷҪ壬ͺԥĿڱ¶ġ
ľٶҲж࿴һۣаԸˡ
⵹Ǹ˼ˡƳ忴Ҳͣһ£аԵͷ΢ĩʱϸ棬¶ģӡԺ󣬿϶
٣ڣʿ֮У󻢱Ծӡ
󻢵İݼʱܵʿգԥĹݼݼ峤ԺǶƴ֮ˣǵļ԰
̫ˣƴ壬Ժǵļҡаռ嶼ڲ
ƴ壬ԺҪػĵطǼңǻҲԲƴٵʿսȭͷĿᶨ
Ƴֻ΢΢һָŪº룬׵ͷѾһ˿Ͽɡ
УиңѾǼΪףмңоУΪ֮ܶĿꡣ
ϣȴҳԹ֯ӿľݣľʱüʿȫʲôΣգ˭֪ŮĻƤɣϿȡůƴҪ϶ൣһЩЦŶԻƳ˵
峤ĳҲƴеһԱҪ뿪ֻƬ̾ͻҰ޹СҪлӣˣЩܼС»ǿ԰źá
Ƴ׵ͷӦ
Ҫͳһ°⼼ܵ˲š񣬰ٷϴˣҪ˲һǵƴ塣ٴ˵
д⡣Ƴͷ˵
ǺãȽˡЦŵͷ漴תظۡ
ۡǽȻĽ컯ֶΣңƷײͬĸۡûҲвģ׽𽨴Ȼġ
ֻһۡǿյģֻķݿܣƷװΣȫûУҪԺһá
ǰԺ֮УҲʮֿտֻһӡ
߹ȥ£漴ʧ
ڳʱѾһصĿռСһƬտǰȴһСءӲֻзԲɴСڳУһõȪۡƺͨڤڤеڣ˿˿ɫĻɫȪлۣȻðһελɫҺ壬У˿̡ڳУֻһߵĻɫҺڡ
ȪðĻɫҺ壬Ǻܿ죬ҲǺܶ࣬ڳصֻбһ㡣оųߣҲУԿһɫζɫֻСС磬ˮȻ٣ȴʱСɫ㡣
пСɫ㡣һĸӦɫ㣬ƺܲɷֵģ̺ϵ

СɫƺҲеĵζţڳмһˮԽˮ棬ϸУϲãĽ
أ֮顪㡣
һǰˮءҲ𺳡
ԽկʱһЩѶϢͬԺСĲǽկʸ񣬽կ˭ԽֻҪˣйߣۼһˣľ췿ݣۼһǾһկִկ޷ԽĴկȡ
Ҫľǣһصأ
Ҳǰˮء
ɽءկĺġؿ˵ǴկĸڣԻˣܽε֮У㣬֮飬оѪڵʱѾ
ţеˣСˣƴˡ
Ϊ֮ƴĴ峤пԵõ˼ӳ֣ƽٶȡһ־޴ơ
ˣأ֮顣Ҫˣͱ벻׳ƴ壬կ׷չ׳󣬻˲ţܻȡˣӪչǻ˵˭ƽ޹ʵľۼˡֻҪװأܷɱ䣬õӴկΪ˸Ũõ˼ӳָ󡣡
һйâ˸֮֮·
̺ĺôʵ̫ˡ
֮£ʱԲ˵ȥֻдկ֮յܡмڵһʱصĴڣʱ˭˵
Ĺϵʵ̫ˡǴկ֮ͳսˣ·ͳ޷ȥ
˾վǸҵ˾ǹʵ
񱨾ˣ
ˣģ
еĻɫ˻ˮлӡ
̺ܻ֮飬ҪģҪԵĲϣ磬һɳɱ䡣ƴķչ׳ɳ
û˲ţûа֣Ҫ֮ǰûɢĻӦÿ԰æȴ֪ʲôط죬һ˵ֻҪͷ⣬ʲô̫µĴڣӦܻȥҽƴ飬ӦѾپ۵ʱ򡣡
ǩԼ͸ĸӦĲ˵ٿԿ϶ԻţûǲԺȥǾͿԼˡһ㣬˭ﲻ
ˣֻܿԼ
ƴеİȻнǧˣԵ̫ңûͳƣپЩҪʱУؼҪ˲ţҪ˲ţйͳ˲šҪǲٺãô˾ۼһ𣬳⡣
Ҫ˵˲ţƳһȣµİţȣȻҡ
ɲһ߾е
Ƴ壬ûгȫûȫϿҡˣôЧͶġڳҲΪסƴ壬ΪԼ¡Ͳ֪ǲǴ˵еλʿ
ӡУлƳ壬ȲˣӦֻһλǲǣȴ޷ȷںϣκεطĳһͬ˶ʲô⡣
ңԿԸоûгȫһ㣬Щϣп˵ŻȥܿϿЧҵĻܶҪ˵Լͻȥչ¶ԼĲܡ
ҪǴŵĻǿ϶Ҳ˳ͶģܳѾ֮ϲˡ
дΪԼ֮շͲšûãʲôͲ˲ţῴԼ͵ͷݳ


050 
ΣǸʵ顣ҲԺĴﵽһ߶ȣݵλﵽĵزŻһЩųɽͶʱΪѾֵñͶʵļֵܸǴҪĵλʵȵȡ
Ϊ
ԼûκñͶʱ
˼ƾʲôҪЧ
ҪͷͰݣлҪһ¶ԷĿǲǴûбʲôġ
ȻȴκԥĽɡ
˲ִˣ˼ûôӡҪĲ࣬ţϡ
˼ϽܵĻӰͳĲͬǹŴգԭִ൹ͷͰݣЧҵĻǾԲŵġ
ûǩԼǾԲεġ
ǻЧҵĻлжо޴ĶһһĨ⡣аԳ
εõǧ챦ɲǿЦġ̺ıжҪſڴЦ
ٴοһأһ䣬Ѿ³ڴ֮Уɶϡ
񣬿ܣ
ôĹ񣬿ſڵϣǧ𶯡
Сץˣ죬ȥҴ峤
üǡץסˡѽ
ʱ洫һҵĴвҽвϡ
һʿѾ˽ãк˵ˣһֻ񣬳ɽȣֱץ졣Ѿ˺Ƭˡ
һ˵һߴŴ
йߣǹȥжʱһ⡣
ɲǿЦģ浽Σգ˭֪ʲôҲ֪ʲôޣȻʱյģ࣬ںϣ˭֪еĹޣͻȻ»϶û֣̿øӿ񱩡
൱пʱ
ûκԥ첽ۡһ棬һ
ֱſڵϣ嶼ڲ
̧ۿա
ֻһֻ˶Ĺڿÿһֻſʮʮ׾޴£ֱһֻצһһܽ˵˺ƬһſڣƬѪ̽С
гպþͿһŮץڰоӲѪΪѪֱ꣬Ʈ
ϡ
ѪȵģǱġ
ʿóŹȥǼʸڹǰֻһӶʹһǿľ磬ʸֱӹεĺӰ׹ȥκεв


пҲһ˿𾪣зһ
ȻִѾĿеİǰ޴ѹ޷ģһķѹõһɳʯ۾޷վʳ˵
һУһͷʹ漴ľһǿҵķŭ
ͷɱƴĴҲɱ
ողű֤˽԰оܵĻȥҪͷɱ޶ԵĻֻ¸ովۼģ᳹ɢ
ս
Ҫͷնɱ
ãǹˣСġ˷
ɱ
пٴռóʽ۵һǳɣǾս˲¡
ಣ
ƿգ˸ź⣬עͬޱȡƿյٶȿ磬˲ͳķȥ
ңλãȻŵλá
ĹУ·ֱӽײ
һֻհվʳ˵ʳߣгֵ˲͸оһ־޴вǿҵϢܵĳȶǿľµȥ̺̫󣬾Ǿ綼޷׸ıй켣ֻƿյٶ΢
ֻһٻ˵ѾһĹܡֱӲתؿбŻֻؿ˺ѳһ˿ڣȴûг׶
Ѫ䡣
ƣ
һֽУԵüΪŭУѾ׳ϡֱһӣϣţͿһϯУԿһɫķ˸ű˵ķâʮ֮ࡣ̺ڿУ硣
ҿ
пɫһ䣬
ոҪѣһԥӳȥǿ̫죬ͨ˵ķӦٿ죬Խûа취Ĺٶȡ
ۣ

ĲҽУͨѾ̺ķиΣڲȥ
ۣѹ
¶ŭ˫˲ɺڰ֮ɫ

ͬʱǰÿһ˸źڰ׹ΣУݳƺܳꡣڿдƥ㳯ŷϯȥ
ǰѾǰ
йѾֱսռ䡣ȡ֮ģսìƵ쾭תһɹھӵдУ˲עսìƵ֮УսìƵøӼͣӷֱз·
ɱ
ĿֱӲ׽ϯķУۼ䣬սìѾֱӺһ𡣾޴ӷϴݹǷʮַעսìϣֻսìڽһɲǣпڣȴսì̺Ĵ룬ŲʵսìɢĵҲһ˲ֱӲȥ

սì裬ƵնҿϽ̺ķһضϣǷ̫죬̫࣬ǾնƶвķУϡ
һڴϣпһ˿ڣһ򻮹ӼӲһ⡣
֮ͨնƷʱڵĲ١ѾʧһС롣

У˷ϯȥסÿһܵĿռ䡣ͬһŴ㣬ֱӳڷ⣬ٶͬ죬ң𶯣ݳܳ꣬ҲͬʱУһ˿㶡
ôһ˿㶣һ˲䣬Ѿϡ
ֱסӣֱϣ˫ϡֱӳ󱳡
ƣ
ȻԻŵԶԶûж飬ʬЩв󣬵ãϵĳϣ궼𵴡һҽ£Ӹ߿ֱ׹ڵϣ涼ҳһӡ

ӦѾٶȳǰһɹĹעսìУì˸⣬ֱ׺սìǰһìͽӲѪ緢
ھʹоѣоţĿ壬쳯Դ͵ȥ֮ǰҲҪǰĵһ


051 

ܵΣգмʶ̧ƵǰֱײһһɿֲӵдݶƵֶɣִ£עе޷б⣬Ҳһ£˲ˡ
ۣ
˳Żֱڵ棬һӣߣһϣԻᱻֱĴţ
ոʶƵһ£ֻĻһߡҲҪˡ
գȻеİжʳߣ֮ǰӦ٪޼͵ȵеӦûͨ½󣬾ϣ츳ͨ츳ԲֻǸ磬Ҫʱ
ҲɵһҲһ⻹ǸոտʼԽǵ棬޹ؼ򣬶ԣһѪȶֲп̡
޲ɱﲫɱ
ëѪߣûʵʱпܻУ˶ģԼ
ֻнկ˴ͬЭп
Ĵ󻷾£Ҫ߳ȥҪи׼
û°ɡ󻢴ʿ󣬿ǰ޴ʬ壬Ҳ¶֮ɫǵӡУûп˾޴ݡ
ܷ磬ֱնһζΡֱǲб£ͬ˵еһҪڣֻƴˣпܻᱻͷɱ
⻭棬̫ˡ
û£ͷзеİʳߡʱǶԸ˵ģֻҪŬҲԲɱһᴫ֮˶ܱǿ˶ɱޡӵػƴдԼЩʿпһһ
ΪʿΪˣȻû취ΪʱƴеĴգﶼΪĲܡ
Ϊ˰
вǡȻͨҪǿһЩǴӸ磬нٵͨʿˣȻһѵȴûһ㣬ڶԣˣǿ˶٣Ҫǰɱʸ
֮󻢲ԸΪҪֱĻֱѵװͨաĳеϥȥ˵
ãƴˣҪһɲ䣬㲻֮ҲǡУ⹦ҲУҲһ¾͸ֻҪŬֻҪϻսлȡ֮
׵ͷ൱Ͻģ߳ģвϱǿĶǣ;蹦ǲǿػƴ塣
ƴ֮ȴǱķկҪ˹ͬŬܱǿ
л
ʱһЦеĿи𾴡
֮ǰ򱦺Уȡһǧ챦ɲֻǱңƷиеͣǧٹ֣ҩǹС
õĻֻһͬ٣ие͡
ƷвСĲ죬ܵõǼΪ˵顣ÿһǾйںܶ˶ԣһҪıǱǿĸ
еĹʺ󻢵ʿģдֱӸĹ򱦺еõģΪѪɷһʺбĹ
ǡѪݺͼڱԣ򵥣Ǿɱ¾սıԣѾ̺ɷʮɣûżҪӱǿߣҪŬʲ
һһڸ֮ۡУ󡣹һڲУǿǰȥȡģֻһѪɷҲʺġֻвɱԽԽǿʺϾҲԺоĹ˶
Ц˵
л󻢵϶¶Ц⣬ʿҲˡбǿĻᣬ˭ܲˣУľ
ôĹ翴Ѿ׷ı䣬ɵƻʵ̫󡣡ƳҲɫصĳʬǰ
ȻĹݣҲסǰУǾûгֹġ
ֻɽвеĹ
ǷȻǿ󣬵ɱƴ񣬲жǿҪһΧİգȻ˵
дżᶨȻ
˲ɵ֮С
ǰʬ壬仰֤
һ仰ܰնеϿɸһ㣬Ŀеľؾܿһ㡣ƴĹУҲøǿݶܻɱֻǿߣܸǴ
ҲʶΣգѾԭȵ֪ȫͬѾȫı䡣ͺǽԶʱٵʱ
ܶжֳһ˿ͬѰĹâ
峤ոܳһֻǾпֵܳڶֻֻǲͬݣеݣƴίʵЩ̫󡣽ƾ峤һ֮ȻвһˣͻشʧΪƴرǿ齨Ӫ֡
Ƴ΢΢üڶ
ϷģϵвĳѾӦ֮뿴п˵ţйâһУȻСļ
Բ֪ʯ¥¥ϣԿĹ󣬹רװСֻҪȥ̺ܿңٴη䡣
һ֪ԲǷ
챦ӻ챦
ʲô峤ʾƳ忴ǰСļڲͬı⣬ܵĸоԲǷǼȴżĲͬ
Ǽ챦ֻҪƴУķκƴޣ﷢𹥻еݹ񣬶ԸڹΧڡֻֻܷһ޹ĳƵʲ̫ߡֻǻƽһƷļԸ̫Ĺ
챦ȴԭʼ״̬ͽ׵ĲΣƽһƷ൱񺣾һصսһﵽƽ׾Ʒɱ󲿷񺣾εʿ޹
ҪɳľɱɱޣʿȡѪУüõɳɱֻüɳƽ׾Ʒټɱ䣬Ҫصı
¡¡
н׳ȥһѪֱУڼ֮һϵ£ͬƴΪһ塣
ֱƴƷҡ
һ£˲ӭͳ˲ͳ׸ߡʯƵɣ¥ճڡս¥Уת򣬸ʮȡ
𣬹ӻ


052 ؾ
һǿİȫС
档֮ǰͿƴĵٴοƳɸоһ棬˼顣˼ǰ˼ά֪Ҫı䡣ҪҪȻᱻʱ̭
ԿΪƴ壬İȫС
񣬾кܶտż¶Ŀ⣬֮ǰĿֻҲʹɢûԭôֲ̿
峤һ¡
֮ǰлʱտ첽߹ҩ䣬óһƿҩ˿ϵȥ
л򣬲֪λ˼ҹաؾһʯͷϣְû˿ڿϵѩƣȴߡǰλߣº͵ѯʵ
ҽֻҵʱУǱ
峤ˣδͷ׵Ц˵
ɽһҲٵĻش
һ˵һ߿ٶְеߣϳ˿ڣܿܵļ⣬˿Ѫٶȹ졣ҩٶȺܿ졣
ԭϺϣöڴнҽݣаҽ˲ƴֻ취ṩһҩģʱûа취Ǯơ˵
峤峤ƴ壬ҵаܻ֮ţѾףǮƲ֮һôûУҪ֮áõĳֵģҲ΢ҽˡҽݽúǾ͹ȥ
δЦ˵
˿ûаܾ˼ʱ򣬷ӳԼͬƴҪġǮѾϣǰǮƣڸӲͨοڴУҳһѵܶǡ
οҽݣݵλ
һ㣬ǿס
˿ںܿͰãҲʼ˵İհơߵʬҲʼЩơ
λпܵİգڽһ
Χ˶עй
λУûжġдġпѯʵ
ƳһԲܿٹ滮еĸְܡôת齨Ҫ˲šûдţһż֣ǶǺõġ
峤ѧ飬ȡšһݣۣϻŲϵһʣһ۾ܿλǰп϶ԣ
ڴһۺѾһ˿ӡ󣬵ͷ˵ա
ҵ֮ƣСռ֣塣æش
һᣬ͸ŻϣƴеĴͳһ£ǼᡣҪľǽ˵Ǽᣬ˿˵һ㣬ġҪǵԺ˿һ࣬ҪͳͻüΪѡԽԽá
Ҫ뽫ƴ彨ãЩǹؼ¿С飬пӰԶ
һ˿ǰ¶ĴûᣬаԾһҪ׵ڴ峤ǰºӰ죬Ժ϶ǰ;˵һɳĻᡣ
æӦһáǼ󣬳ʸ峤
λףƴǴҵĹͬ԰ǸʱпҪԸֹͻϮǴҵļңҲϣҶܳһػҡڵľӣҪϣӣԱξ
ξУйսñԼػƴԼøǿ󡣡
ȻξͬУǿܻȥ
һڴнؾռһЩ伮ֻҪƴ񣬾ͿԽؾÿֻ޳õһһսҪõĹҪۣ´󹦡
ϣƴУ˶ܳΪߣΪԼܶ
ǰǶͨˣѹ͢ѹȣȨȺ½Уһ̣ûȨûңûг͢ҶվͬһϣʱʱпȥõʱԹƽĻУ˶лΪˡ
һ仺˵ÿһ֣ÿһ䣬㣬ֱôÿһ˵ϡ
ҲÿһжһǰûйҰģ־ڹƽ£˭˭δؾͲܳΪǰԼеĹˡ
һĿжһ˿ͬɡ
Ҫξģ󻢣壬ЭǼǣξߣ
˵ûмͣתŸۡλȥ
ڣܶǷŲġ
ۡԡһƬĿյء
ּ䣬һӵĲؾǰǰԵС磬һоŲ㣬һŲ¥ңĲɣͨȻɡڸ¥ϣŲؾĹ׭
Ҳ֮ǰȡһ챦Ȼûйȴָܴľ伮
ؾ󣬿ۣȴΪҪһĵڡ
һѪڲؾУУȡһ˿ϵһؾѾշ𡣳ڸۡĿյϡڰѾɿ
תۼ䣬ѾΪһ޴¥ڸۡԡ£ɢΡ
ͬ
˲£ڵκεķ϶ͺǴӴֱӳġ
ֱƴУΪĿ
ܵİڵһʱͿؾĵҲ֪϶еֱۡͬ񼣰˲¥ֻд峤С
пؾûԥֱ̤˹ȥ˳ǰǳġ
ؾ飬ƺûг
ڲؾУиܵһڲؾȻ顣û⣬ڣҲһ¡Ժؾø졣
ؾС
ǰģһŵܡǰܣЩȫǿհ׵ģûκξ伮ڡ
ؾЩսȫű࣬벻ͬܡһֻ񺣾ι伮ڶ㴢Ͼξ伮
˵ţϵĸֹսó
ǹѪȪ˵ԪѪɷѪսѪ¼ˮ䡷ɽˮڤ뷨ս䡷콫ս䡷Ʒ񽫾
Щ֮ǰڴʱռ򱦺гץȡġиģҲͨġκһڵͨ˶ԣԸı˵Ľݡ
ˢ
Ӳؾиֳһ׹⣬˲ͽй伮ȫڡţͿЩ͸ǳ˳һٷɵһϡÿܶоžŰʮһÿһУֻһ伮ңڷϣḡֳһεϽ磬ᱣڣĹĻϣȻֳй湦伮ļ


053 ħ
ĻͿѡȡǱ
һսȻȻĳϡ
Щȴڰ׹Уķֳһڵһ㣬һֱڰ׹ʧ·͵ط
йƷײ̺ţֻ񺣾Σ漰ĲΣϵĿٷţǸͼЩǵһ㴢ķΧڲؾ£ֱӷݱɼᡣֱŲͬĹ֡
ǡѪ¼˲䣬뿪ڵһУֻСѪ¼ƪڸ߲εģֻڸ¥Ѱҵõ
ǲؾ֮һ
Ѫɷ涨Ϊʿκξʿѻȡ
ԪΪаգŮݵλԿȡ
ܾ˻ͨգȡһŻս
пйսȫѾһϺ󣬶Ȼ˵һͬԣؾУȻӦ
й伮κ˻ȡҪħģýκδӲؾùս˽Դڸκˣֻ֣Υħɣٲ
ٴο˵
Ż£й伮У̺һĵϡ
ԣǾòκι伮
һԣԺеĹ뿪˵˵ҪдҲдǱ֤ڲؾеĹܼǾԲй¶ȥġ˵д϶Ͼ⴫Ŀܡ
һ㣬֪ʮ
ⲻβε⣬ǹص⣬ֻ¹أܳɷԲ
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ǺǣлѪɷҲԺԽͲôˡ
վڷšѪɷǰǱ̺ᣬͶҪֵԺȥˣЦǺǵģǿġ
붼룬ֱӾͽֳȥǰĹĻֵסţɢһ׹⣬ڡֻоԼͻȻһصĿռСȴ˲׵һЩѶϢ
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Ȼ̺šѪݺͼֻܷ⸱ѪݺͼͼгֵݣԡѪɱݺսսͼĻĶƬпսУɷֱɷ壬زء
ھˣھսľ˶ԣűûоɱľ˵ɡӼ򵥡
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Щ˵ʵ򲻹գ֮顣
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ǲؾһܽϵ۳ͬĸԷԺУҪͿԵõС


054 ȫ
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󻢸ܵԺгֵᣬһЦͿܣҵһڷħĺ󣬡ĸҲԺУõС
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һûгֻĬĬת֮ѾͨþӵƱøӵҲþøӼ͡
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ҲôԵʮֵƽ
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055 س
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ǷʷϵĴͶ̫ЩʱʵʵĶԼˡֻҪлԭȵͨˣδؾͲЩġֻûлչֳԼĲܣлԼ
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Ĺֳƴвƻ޷ġڵûֻҪ͵Ϯƴ峹ױ֪˻ȥ
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ϣȻֳһ֡
ȻйֻԵص׳ӵѶϢ
ʮ棬ƺֻ֪Ҫܲһţص䶼ܱ׽ϡ


056 ʳ
ӿЩѶϢʱоͺس沢öԸ˵൱Ѳֲǣسڵ´еģҪʲôط﷢Ϯȫʱп֣ܳҪˣǿ϶ɸĿֻš
ؼǣ֪سһвҲûãûжݵصҵسټһּ⡣ֱӰ쵽бƴеš
ǲݺӵ⡣
Ҫ취سֻҪټǱȥһͷвֻ̫ǣڵҪν
ƴе˲٣سҪɱһ˶пܳΪĿ꣬ôˣȷԷΪĿ꣬Ȼһ׵顣

ɾسҪҳʵ̫ѡھسֵһɲǣסֱӽصףĻпܽͷ׳ɱ
ǰĵضгŨȵᣬ涼ʴͨ˿»ΪһѰ׹ǣ
ˣ峤Сгֹ㣬ںӱϴ·ǹϽУ壬塭Եˡֻʣ¹ͷӵס
һʮĸŮٵĴӺӱܹ
󻢣ｫضʯͷס˿ȥӱߡ
ٴһֻȽسʱһߣٳźӱ߸ȥسڵ£ڵҲģû취취֮ǰֻȿоֳʲô
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ڿУΣգƴǽܲ棬һ־޴⡣棬ɲһ򵥵ۡ
óء
ӱߣӣû֡
Ŵĺˮӱߵİնʶˮ߾ܵԶԿںӱߵˮϣһ㼫ΪϡѪɫڿɢ
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УȻоΨһ֧
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磬ʵ̫Σˣ³˹ֳ棬ںҲֹ㡣Ҫȥһ׵顣ƳҲ֪з顣û뵽ոƽһϣһ磬͸ӭͷػ磬ûһ԰ȫĵطΣգһ䣬Ϳܻ
ʱͨ˶ԣʵ̫пˡ
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ңֵĲһͷһȺ
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ʳ㣬ʳ㣬˶ԴݣѪ۾ֿ񱩵ɹ̣Գʳ㣬ңЩʳ嶼ʳҪ󣬴һ׳ĴĿġˮеʳߣֻҪŵѪζͻ񱩡
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ЦſУ
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Զ֮ϣǳȫ硣
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еĹâȴԽӵĺ䡣
Ը˾س棬ԸһȺʳ㡣
ܵİտҲĿ¶ڴ۹⣬еڴǼġϾһֱչ¶Ѿǳ


057 ʳϸ
ûйʱ
ͺΪʲôӱΪ˻ʴۣΪǶ壬˳ĹסԲŻᱻΪ˻ʣܵľۼߣ˻ʴԼõԼõȥ
飬ͺϹʱһǻȥȻܵõ˵ľأ𾴡
ֻҪϵĴȥȻеĶϣλɶҡ
һ㣬կҰĵˣͬڱӰգһϣ⵽ޣУȥУûȻ̭䣬ģŻӱ
ⶫûãҪܵǿʵֻⶫȥδǺ£һԵ
пź棬˿Զޱߵ磬йâһһöУһ󣬹ѣһöͬˮ㾧Ө͸ĹŹֹɢһ˽޷ܵ㣬ʳ޲ͽ֮ȥָо൱ǿҡ
ʳϸɻ챦ȥܻò˼ǿпһϣͨʳǿ׳ǣ޽ǱӴԺ󣬶ʳȴûеֿ治֪Ǻûǻ
пеˮҲһ˿ԥ
ȷʵʳϸԲû챦ĳƺңʤž޴ǱԣǣⶫȥԺԼĶʳû̫ĵֿпܻڽΪ㰡Ƴߣ綼ڳ档ؼǣⶫĲ֪ںϺ󣬻ʲô仯
ǿпһϵ챦ȴһĶ
ˣ԰ɣڶԣȥҪģֻҪұǿˣܱƴ巢չ׳ȥο½У֪˻øָ˼õֶ챦һɳ죬бǿĻȴǾ̫ˡղ֪£ҾͳԳһδ
йâһ¶ᶨ֮ɫ
ûгɣſڼͽʳϸŽС
ԥһھȥ
࣡
ܺܶ˿ǸһĭƳ嶼⣬ʳϸɢ㣬ʵ̫޷ˣҪеĻֻȥᡣǶʵ̫ˡ
ʳϸһȥʱһʼڣ£ÿһϸÿһȥ룬롣пĸоڣÿһϸʼûԾĻ
ÿһѪУ˼ı仯
ңθһһɹۣͿٳһصڡ⴦ؿռУȻֳһڶһʳ˫ʳѵͷ­ſڴ죬ͬҪֻֻʳԵüΪáȻʳΪС
ϡʳ
ʳϸһص챦ǼΪֱܹڿٳϵ챦ңǿǱǿֻҪҵʳǾѪⷢɱ䣬øǿ󡣿˵ֻҪгԵģжʳһ߳ԣһ߳ɳ
ҪԻĵ·ϱư
ʳϸں͸оѾȫͬÿһϸÿһѪ⣬ɢʢͬÿһѪУɢǿҵļСָоãһͷţǰᱻȫԽ
û뵽ܿϣʳ⴦ӦøʳϸΪƥ䣬Ͳ֪ʲôĹЧܴﵽʲô̶ȡ
֪ʳϸպȷʵڿϣõָ͸ۣӰݵȵԣϣ漴ģûзã˭֪ʲôϣںܶʱԣܿϣһ־޴ˡ
ܶʱϾʿδɱ񺣾ʿΪ񺣾Ҳܾϣձƴģϵǿ졣
ȣʳȻûйпֻ²ô򵥣𵽵˵Ӿ޴ʳϸ䣬ҲǾ䡣˵߳һĵ·
Щ˵ʵ򲻹գ֮ѾɣڣҲһöϣϵﵽö񺣾У൱ġ
һǿнڴݳļѹȥ
ҪĶѾˡ
ʱĬѾһȺʿٵĽ֮ǰзԸĶ룬˹ľˣһЩƤʬ屻
ľһͷȻϣһƤʬ塣ľ˷ʯͷϡпٷԸ
ҪһЩʳƳ󣬵һʱѾ׵ĴʲôҲһ˿ʡֱ֮ʰ
ֱַӣңΪЧģһ㣬֮ǰȻû뵽һȫʳɵˣû뵽ҲǳʳĿ֮С
аԳȻ˵ǻ۲Ҫġܽʳӵϣͨ˶ܶԸˡ뵽ַӣݻԶˡ
ʳˮ˵ϣɾͲˣһͨˣøӣҲֱеͷ˵
ʳϲѪѪʳǱܣԣԣײУҲܳΪµ㡣
Ѫʳǿܲˡңʳθڼٶȼ죬ҲζţǸ׼κʳڿĵһӦֱȥǵȡ֮
ѾŪˡ
ĬѾ͵ĵ͸ŪãңѾһʯͷľ˷֮һλ÷ʯͷϣΰһǸܸԭֻҪʳҧסָܸܽ˵ʳ˦һķ̫
ǴƤϿһֱֻۡϡ
ãȥֻҪʳϹ͸˦ΧİɢⷢΣաжȻ
ͨ
ûԥֻĹֱ۾ôӽС
һ˫˫Ŀ⼸ԼͬĿУڵ

Ϳˮ洫һҵˮֱֻڷɿˮ³ȥ
Ϲˣ˦
поһԥĴе
ˢ
ڻʱһߵʿѾľһһ˲һһ׳ӲˮˮʱҧֱϡɿڡһɲǼ䣬ôˮ棬˦ϡ
ô㣬ÿµľݣݣȫǷ̫ˡ
ʳ㣬Ҫҧһڣһͻᱻֱ˺ҧ顣ǿ¡ˮУԺѶԸ
ãȻãĵˣʳ㣬ȫӦɱ


058 ʳ
ʳ㣬ܳ𣿿ġ¶Ƶݣ˵
Уֻ֣ܳԵģǲܳԵġ
⻰䵽жУҲһȻ漴뵽ǰһ򱨵
ʳѷǱߣʳ˵ʳߣ㿴Ҫµܣ±ΧסᱻֱӳԵպգŷɥйȴй˸ˣй˵Ĳϡ
ԣ׻ǰͲ⣬ܲܳԲ⣬ֻҪܳԣͣҲŪϡ
˵ʳζ
Ҳһ˿ʣÿһѪⶼݳǿҵļУָоȥҡҡͷаԿЦԼҲҪɳԻˡ
ʳ㱻˦ϣŸоãĴ棬ҪµˮС
ž
ͱһʿٳȥһľôʳԴϣʳͻȥԴҪʲô㣬Դһ£ǿ϶ҪΡ

һʿץʳ㣬ǰ˵
ֱӵյϣûˮʳҲҪͣͳʳ㡣׵ͷ漴˵ͣҵҪлжʳ㡣ټ֣һ
ʳѪʳıʵ̫ǿˡ
ԷŽеնһ㿹֮ûС׷ȥϾͱӶ˦ϣڰϣרŵţľһȥͱԴ
漴β;˦һߣӣǿˣˡ
ܶ˿ЩĿʳ㣬¶ģһֿʳĿ⣬Щʳǳ˵ģ⣬һȺѾŶӣΪʳȥǾƨ
УʳҪ
˻ں˲ɻ䡣
Աˣܻȥ
֮ǰȻɱһһЩ⣬ЩʳҲסãмſڵųԵġ
һᣬʳѾڿյ϶ѻСɽһ
ңˮ֮ЩʳҲûлã׷ȥһٺòˡ
ã峤Ӧ֮ȻԽʳΣܽʳ⣬һáƳĿһеķҲǰ̾ͷãʳȻײУȴǰһʳӦȫɱɱ㹻ӵģʱһٵһ֣ϸˮһɽա
Ƴۺ룬˵ԼĽ顣
ʳ̫õˣֻҪѪʳһһ׼ûʧֵģǰڣʳ㣬ȫԵһֳʳһŪԵʱǾĶ
ϵĽܺãʳ㣬Ȼ٣ɱ϶Ѹʱҵôɾ͵࣬Ӧòס
Ҳ⻰еͷͬ
漴ʳѾ٣ȫ˱һ٣ٵ˷ˡûԥֱӿֹ˲ټ㡣
ƤʬȫӽȥǸããпһۻʣ²ٵƤʬ壬һ־ȫιʳ㡣
Ҷȥ췹ͳʳ㣬ͰӺдˮҪֱˮʳҲ˺ǡнǰ׼÷ռеͰóֻǰַŽȥģȴպõϡ
󣬴ŮʼںӱͰˮ
õʳʿȥ࣬ӽУҲʳһǿɲǲʳֻ࣬ҪѪʳͺȫԵ
ûκι˼ɡ
سĶҲס
ڴУһǰΧһľʳ㴮ڻϾôҲùʼУʳݶֱӰεֹĹóЯĹߣףóϸͳΪһƷ
ĵķ
Ҳһʳ㣬ڻϲϷţûȵϡʱһ˶ʳѾ˱ǣһЩʳΡɢøӵŨҡ
иǸоÿһѪ⣬ÿһϸڴݳļСҲɵһ˿Ȳڳ׿óذףһ飬ŽС
ϸ׽£һֿ뽨ۣȻȻڿǻת
ۿɿڣʷḻ̺㣬ȻǶʳġȫѪⶼڻڡгԹɽʳԲĲʳģҲƷܸоʳʣģƺǵ½Ԫøӵۡ
һûгɣһϵ価УԽӣƺ죬ʼնûͣ¹վ׽ٶȺܿ죬ҲûͣͣĽһƬŽСתۼ䣬һһ׳Ĵ㣬ô֪ȫ価Уǰֻʣһͷ
峤ǸոõһŮһ˹
Ҳûпſں

ۣȥ㣬ڿǻУǻζ
¾Ǽڣһͬһ˸⡣
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ҲɰԸ̾
ѹ˵Խ͵࣬ʣ͸ΪˮвζϵҲڲ˶ӵĸ˵ĵʡ
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Խ⣬ÿһϸõĸоÿһѪⶼſýθе⿪ʼɿ
ϸٶȿ죬ʳ졣
ѪȵĻᣬֻʳеǿ˫ʳ˸⣬ѵĴһţӶУЩٷֽ⣬Ϊһ⾫ʳ֮裬ֱûѿУû뵽ʳ֮ڡʳУȻȻĸֳ
ԴԴϵĽе⣬ʳ̺ľ״֪Уõʳϣֳʳͼޱȣݣɼ־塣Ե
ţһİѿֱӳڣѪȥ
ڣϲã
иоÿһϸڻУٵ̣תۼ䣬ͳÿһѪ⣬֮С
ȫĵУѧ⻹ǹڿʼǿ
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ָоʮ
øУʱ䲢ȫԭȸеѪ⣬һӷ·õ㡣øӾл
ѪƤĤѪҺȫͬɱ䡣
ǿʳϸʳһ⣬ҵǿһ֣˺üǱڵɱ䣬ͬĽʳľȫںϣȫѪ֮СңʳĴڣܽʳȫκʣûκΪʺյʳֱĴ䡣


059 ʿ
иоʳϸѪʳĻʳǾ֣Ҳ̺ŸֽȻͬʣһȥڶʱøǿ󡣵ҲڳһԱ޳ʣһʱܲΣһ̶Ⱥ󣬿϶Ϊ谭һ
ʳȴܽеʳеľȫΪĺʵʳ֮裬ͬڶнʳһΣ޳ʡʳøӵӵĴ⣬աܴ̼ڵʳϸÿһѪá
ңѪʳ֮ǿøʱȻȻĿʼؼ伳ȡԪѪУһֽܵңȡģԪʣȫѪУÿһѪⶼɱ䣬ڳɳ
ʳãĶҪСΪеʳ֮Ԫ룬һӺüֻǲ۵ļֻǳһ٣ȻȻӵûκ׳
Ҫ˵ȥ֪ж˻˶Ľʡ
ʳϸɱ䡣
˼ʳϸһԻԺڳ棬пܳΪһ㣬ڵõĺôԡͲֵһᣬˣϱû飬̫á
аԳ
ؼǣѵʵ̫ʳϸƾ䡣޳ĵǣҲӵһ·Ŀܡ
ǾǴ
Դֱӱ񷣬գǼµƻ֮ڡ쾭Ͽһ֮·ǽķ򣬳ײ֮ϡ񱩵һУ޵У·̫ߣ쾭ҲûС
ʿ֮Ϊʿ޵ȵȡǵľʮּ򵥣ԾŶ֡һ൱񺣾ʿңͬУʿѹʿǵ̫ǿԵ
ʿҪ־ޣԿ޵ķʽ磬ԼϺּ»ǣõɱ䣬տأϡǿƥû̫ϣһһͨ
ǰûʿĵ·
̫ѣ̫ѡܼ֮ˣûȷ֮Ǻ·ģڲͬʳϸڣ˵ĿԳԳһͨ
а˸ͷ漴ͽͷĵ
·ֻܲͨҪȥ˵һǿĵơΪ˽ԼʱֻҪչ¶ܳŤתǬؼʱ̣ܾܾһսֵʤ
Ծ飬Բ׵˵ȥ
ңֻҪ˵˺ѿĳ
ΪҪʿ壬Ѫǡ
ֻҪϵġԣ
峤֪ڵοƳԣһϯضһߴڳ⣬ͻȻѯʵ
ǰδеͬʱɣȴҪʱٵƽĿ˻Ƴһۣƺоʲô
峤ҪôƳ۾ֱĿУȻĻش
һܽġҲκܹĵġģֻǴҵˣпʱУȥȥţõĻţԺ飬ѾҪ̫ˡЦҡҡͷ½ĺУǽ
Ǽֱǲܵ顣
Щ˵еĴܣδ
ģǴŸԼԼˣУʱУȥٳһܱһգһ㣬ȥ顣
򣬲ǲʵʵѡ
ǣ峤ҪлȥҪҲҪ֡࡭Ȼ⣬һ¡
ƳеҲǰԵͷ˵Ҫ˵ģЩʧȻҰģȴ̫ѼȣУֻȴ򣬵춨øиĿܡߵĸԶҲ־ѡԲѳɴ
дţйһĳ֪ԸæȻǲʤϲԺеһЩҪȴҿƺûпʼؾһѪ¼Ӧúʺϻϣ¹ȥֱӵõС
Ц˵Ѿ֪ƳǴԼϿɵıʲôȫҲԲ̫ߣУѾûѡ񣬶ңڲؾеնҲ˼ãͷԣ̶һУܹס
УǸ
ûʵ粽Сʱ
ˣһЧңǼǿεġ˶ŷͬһĿء⣬Ҫ
л֮£ĳԵ߾ȫ
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Դˣûֹȵһ󣬲ЦŽƴٷϴˣҪϳʱȸСҲȫƴȻ󣬵ҲҪȻկǵδҪӴá
ģеġ
Ƴ¶֮ɫۺ룬Ц˵
ƴе飬Ĵá
ǴͰл϶ġ취ֻسҳɱҪȻկв̫˭֪ʲôʱͻȻ֡
аü뵽س棬Ҳһͷʹ
ϼأسΨһǼǳʮֵļǳֻҪǵǾͻԥĶŲţʮǿҡ
ڹؼǣҪҵҪġ
뵽һ㣬Ҳоͷʹ
ʳ£ƫƫسֱǸѲĶ֡
ҪԸس棬Ҳ֮ǰһնֻ֮Ҫܽвͻ½Ƴ΢󿪿˵
һҲ֪سʲôĶȤ޷ֿģն֮˵޴ӼҡҡͷҪɱس棬ǾԲȵڣ취˵
׼ǰؾ󣬵õѪ¼Уܷ壬񺣣ѧʱΣգҲһá޸֮ƳϵĿ˵
ԻϵĲѧȻˣһ񺣣ʿ֮Сͻͻͽһٺ綼пܵġ
ЩѧߵǿǱЩѧˡ
ھͿƳһͻƵʲôΡ
ԴˣжоΪڴ
Կ϶пһţƳΪ磬ͻᳬԽԼ
һ㣬Ľġ
ƳԹ󣬾Ϳ첽ؾԡѪ¼ѾȲˡ


060 ɱ
ԴˣҲǼΪ⣬ԼĻֻҲȲ
ԡѪ¼գҲǲѶΪ֮ÿնҪΪеѹÿ춼пȥ˭֪ᷢʲô飬ֶֻﵽĿġ

д񶼿ٵĳŷһ໥̸ţŵҪȥľݽʽٺãҲ㳹һңÿ˵ţ
иңǾѾˡ
ȥװ
ɽȻԲͬ磬ͬеĹȴ٣Ӹͷһ٣вٵľЩԷļһʲɶʱ̴ߵġҪҪ췿ݣȱٱҪĹߡҲҪеһͷʹ
Ȼ棬ֵ˿ھȻˡʳϸȻֻҪʳԪʳܿٻָϵ˿ڡ
оԭȵ˿ѾϣңֱӱһѪ⣬ѾȻȻĻָȫ£ȫѾָ۷塣
̲Ͼôɡ
Ҫ˵ԵĻٳһһ׳ʳ㣬Բκ⣬ܴͨ˼ǵķʳ⣬ʱûмȥЩֻжʳھʢŵĻ͸

ɽȹȿλãһĺ𶯵
֮ǰΪڹ۲ѣоڹȿڵλһ飬ֻҪֽ飬ȻӣҲȥɽдԶƴУûκ⡣⾯ǳ־޴Σգǲ졣
ˣǹȿڴľ϶ʲô·йɱɡոջЦݵɫҲüΪѿ
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лȻ֮ǰԴаյºЦ˲ʧȡ֮ģһ䡣
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Щʿǰֻ۾ɨһ飬ûжĻʲô֮ǰѾ˵û˭Ϊ˭ΪԼҲó˵ǷѪԳ
սìѾУǰȥ
ٶ˺޳ɵĸųųǹйҲ±ûбŴƤϵõľЩľ֪ʲôʣʮּӲǸԿһ𣬶ֱնϡ
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һֻֻɫĿĳɽȵͨУÿһֻĿ¶׹⣬Ѫбһۿȥֻֻ֮ࡣǳɽУԻƻƴлûнĽãҲûд֮Ĺ¡һƽȺȥ˲ء
ߣֵǣʲôҶǴӾȺȥկᱻݻ٣ջЩצ֮£ΪģֻΪǻһˣɱһһϣˣҺ棬ɱȥ
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ţͿһյϣһ󶴺׵ð˳ڶУһֻЩһͿʼڵϷĴžͿϵƤëѪ⣬ʼðỤ̋ۿɼٶڣ䣬ͻΪ׹ǣʴһ̯Һ塣
˴Ŀġ
üһȺȻ˽ƻȻӵ´ֱͻϮɽȣҲô󻢿ϳһĨ㶡ƿڴһ䡣
ڵʲô;ͱƳˡܽЩʴʬ޴棬Ǿس棬ѵЩڵڶֱڵ˾س档
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ֻڿյϣȻһֻţСĽɫ׺ݵ̤ڵϡ۾ǽɫģɢɭ⣬˲
棬һֻɫĹֳ档
ֳֻ棬׳棬ͬҽһֹŹֵѺۣһֻɽƣлҽϢתһ֣ܿ¶ȶڲӡµǿͺһСͻɽһ濴⡣
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Ȼ֮ǰȺڵ´ʱ֪ôڵֻس档ͱŭľس淴Ũᣬ˲ɱ
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سĿֲᣬҲȺ˲ʧء
ͬǼΪǳģسôɱֱӾըëˣҲ͵Ϯ͵Ϯƴ飬ֱӾ͸س


061 Ŀ
ãȻس棬û뵽Ȼһ𣬻ͻ൱ǳ𣬱ļǿıԣһ𣬲췭ظԲưոݡһʤһңƴ壬һ־޴ĺô
Ҳһϲ
֮ϲԵ֮ϲ
⣬ƴԣǾǼˡ˵һ˫һٽǿС
첻ƴ壬ȻɫȺӵɱУеİն꣬ƴҲ˶׻ܡǻ۲͡ϧҲ㲻ƴ£Ȼһֻس档㲻㡣
Ц˵еɱԽӵǿʢ
⣬첻ң˼ܻΪġ
ɫĳ֣ʱɽȺűһ۾ԥĳɽзȻҪɽиϡ
ҪȥҲҪҴ𲻴Ӧɱ
ЦŴǰ
˫ٴֳڰ֮ɫתۼ䣬ֱӸǰһʱֽ⣬Ϊʮö˸źڰ⣬źХȺо׼ޱȵȥ䵽ʱһڵϣ񷭹
ɱѽֵǣɱȥ󻢷һ֣ͽһͷڵϵֱ롣Ϊʿ޴ɱ䡣ԭȣֹڻӵ
ϰΪڵ꣬ǰ档Щͨѹ߰˳ɣɱǻƨľˡʿҲŭľԴϣһӽԴҵѣԽųĿġ
Ŀӣٶöһѹȥսϣ޵аԸǰȺ˵ټϣٶʿѹͳɱȥеص󵱳նɱЧʼߣǼ䣬еʹһС
ɱȺ̫࣬ǰ£Ǹʿ沫ɱһ
ܼȺٶ˶˱ͬԵУɲϵϳ˿ڡ
ϷɳһδνܵȺǿѹȥֻˣԳǧͷȴӲȺĹһδαѹȥܴͨгȥࡣѾס󲿷ֵȺ
ƴλóȥ
һͷͷ󣬿Ŵڴկյϵİգ¶ѪĹâ׺ݵɱȥ
ãЩ𹤾ߣһϣҪҲЩ
ϣ峤ǰȺЩ©֮㣬Ҳûӵث֣ɱԲĸǿˡ
ڴУһүһᣬһ׷ųͷľŸͷվƴƷ£¶׺Ŀ˹
Ȼֻǽʱ̶첻ȴѾʱĲп᳹׼ڵѪԣǣǰͷ޹ηͽڱѹԸ
һһѣʲôĽʲôıʲô쵼ߣͬǲһġ
ж˼ĳǰ棬ܵ裬ǴеĴܵ޴Ӱ죬һѪǵѪȵģǣǱֱġ
һȷʵЩ£ȴûкˡ
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ⲻɼԪԶط۳ȥƬ̼ͻȻɢ»عءУ̺һأлԪ
񣬻ƽһƷΣһֻɾŸҲ˵ϵŸ籩һȥ󣬼Ҫе۳Ҫϼ䣬ϣһ۳һ
һ͵ÿʱڣһ
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ÿһһͷС
ٶȲǵ©֮㣬࣬Ȼڼɱ£կͱȫɱ
ļ
Ǵ峤óıȻЩ˴կȫɱƺʬ嶼ˡЩԹ
ȫˣмڣǴկܰȫЩˡ
׼ƴػկǣԼ棬Ŀһ׷¶˷֮ɫεػ
֨֨֨
˿̣ɽȿյϣɫس֮ɱҲ˰Ȼĵز
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ܸΧسȺ£˲ءʬ޴档
ңس棬ʴҲԴĿģצץ棬ֱӱ𵯿Ƥ˺ơڳԹУצӶ̵ķ㡣
ֻнɫצϣŻھس˺һ˿ڣɫѪҺתۼͱϣһС˿ڣܶв
ɫٶ̫죬Ҳ䵽ɫϡ
ֻܵĵÿӿݡ
һɱ£ֻҲŭ
ֻɫڿسܵɧţͷԸܵʱ͵˹ȥžسԴ̶۾ɫĹâ
ۣ
ӽɫУԿɫʵʣֻдܻȴ۷ɳͬŽİ˲سԴ
츳ͨĿ⣡
ϡ⣡
ֻĿʩչҲ޷̫Զֻܿʩչڵֻܿһǿ磬һسԴǰسѾԸܵдݳĿ·â
н񣡣
سȴ˲תͷһתͷֱӶɫſھһᡣͷԵģֱӾͽɫڡ


062 ʬгɳ
ʡ͵ĵƣҪžسԸԼʱٶȣ͵ϮһΣһسҲǺǵģڷٶԼκβ˺ϾͼװҪԸܵЩʵרڵϹ͵Ϯ
˲䷴Ӧ
û뵽سķӦô죬سҲ벻Ŀ츳ͨܽթһһ¾øͬʱΣյС
֨֨֨
У
ǽɫĴֱӴ̽سԴУ˲ʹǰ̽ȥӺƳһ¾ͺĴ󶴣ԴԽϡá
سᣬҲǿЦģеĸʴ֮֮κᶼҪ£ǽɫڱкҲһĲҽСϽɫëڲϵĸʴƤëڣ¶Ѫ⣬¶ܿ࣬ǻ棬ʮֲҡ
ǽɫƴϸõĲڵûá
汻絽ϵ⣬ѾûһǺõġңڵѪҺڹΪСµҪ峹׵ȼ
ᣬ̫Ե
ҲڵϷ񷭹ĲҽС
سҲûгһ̫ǿ屻նϣһ»ȥԴûгڵϷбֱѹ
Ҫû⣬ȻҲ֧Ų̫á
ȿڵɱƽϢ
ڿɫһϢĵڵϣѪѾʴĲӺҲµ׷ӡټȺױ
սж˸ˡ
ɱһȾѪǰɫЩͳ
սֵʬ׵ͷǺг飬Լǰ棬ˣҪȺ֮УһҲˡ
ʬܿ͵ǰȻЩλȫѪⱻԵ廹һ֮ǰƴɱûǰƣܿĳ
λߺãΪսȻӢ档
һ֣һĺڵϵʬ壬Ѿںʧ
󻢵ȿĿнſȡ
ľٶϣѾһΣ֪ЩսֵܣѾ뵽һصڡ˵ֻҪսˣӢҲı£𳤴档
ͻشկλаҩ
ûгɣתŽɫسڵλô̤ȥɭĿ⡣
ɫѾһϢ¶׹ǣ˴ĿġΣԻˡļȶˡ
˵ãȻ˾س棬ɱܾˣƵȻһδбʤİգ˵Уϧ䣬ûԡ㻹ǸҹԹȥ
пڵϲ壬Ц˵
ȾѪӳһɷ

һڰɫѾ֣˲䳯Žɫȥǲȱסţûڣͬãײ漴õٴαʵʰ㣬˳ģһֻɫģꡣôǿог
Ǳסɫڲ죬ֽС
ϧ޷κεӰ죬ıС
編ƣһٴνسҲһһСֱӾͱͼѹ
һɱ£ٴӣѾﵽնɱ󲻶࣬Ӷ겻ǣƺﵽ󣬾Ѿﵽһּµûа취ӣ౻ȡ꣬ȫͼͼУƺʲôֻǻ
еĹ㣬ӦѾﵽһΣƺҪʼһνɱ䡣ڻɱҪ
Ҫɱꡣ
ƴдˣͷʹľس澹ȻǽɫܾˣѴ֮ͽȻկ뼫Σ֮С
ƳҲЦۺ룬һ˿ϲ˵
иǰ˼ɺϵ鶼УƴдˣҲӦдˣ˵ʹؼ䲻ĵ
ڸոյ飬ƳԼ
ûôɺϵ飬ɺп϶̺ĳ˵ԭ
жеϿɣ˼֡
УߣܻȥõĻȥܽĴҵ
ˣҲҪ롣
Ц˵ϣկܱ뽨ľǽʡȻںܶ˵òȴһľ书ЧһЩͨҲδܳҲôһЩȫС
ڴկľǽʣȻüޣϽ죬Ļǽʵڴկ棬ȫһ󲿷ֵȺ棬ɱ˵ʿҲʹս
ѾȥˣɽоһƬ֣ľ濳ľǽסķݶ⡣ֻڵʱ޹կҪɽ죬һ˳
Ƴ˵
֮ǰξܿ磬ÿʱÿ̶ΣաĹﲻǰĽ÷ݣ÷ºٿʼ
УȻҪս
УͲʲôڰ˵ģУˣѪȥսһƬأɱһһ㣬׼կ㾡ȥ飬ȻҺ֧ӡ
һЦȻ˵
ʿ¶ᶨ֮ɫǰǵӰ͸оһǿ֧֧ǵǸܵһֲɴݻٵ

аڽʬȥƤİƤ޹ǵ޹ǣƳɡѾ죬һЩͳֱ࣬ӽУʳᡣιʳ⣬⡣
дտʼǰֱԵľһſŴشУľֱӱɸڴկ潨һľǽ
ûκ⡣
ɽвȫÿһʱ䣬иָޣ֡
粼ֲ֪ܳɱС
Ⱥɽ
дͺӥ֣ԴկϮ
ָ޹ûиƴ̫ĴϢᡣһδɱһδѪһʿڸ޵ĳ£䡣ϼԱ
תۼ䣬¹ȥ
һľǽȻկػڡȻªľǽվˣ׸ߡԲӲȦʱǳ˱ҪϢÿʱÿ̶ڽš۵ֱεڵϡѺɺԥǰæľǽ췿ݡ
ʱУеĴ񶼷һǰδеɱ䡣
ԭȻֲ̿飬ȫһɨգȡ֮ģһ־֮ɫĿжһӼᶨ


063 Զ
ܶһδ޵ĲɱУ䣬ʱûһث֣ͦżŲӣͷ­߸̧ѪĺúӣжΣǰûûܣп־壬к£ʱû˭˹
вϼԱ
ٶ˵ʿһδεɱУѾֻʣҡ
һδδսɱµõĳɹҲģʣµٶˣÿһѪɷţɷ壬ٳ񺣣ңֻսһδɱĥսÿһ˵ĻսͻͽѪ˺ۻȡĳɹ
ңԽɱϻ۵ɷԽŨٶȾԽ졣
ѾڰУͨʽ񺣾ڶء˶ǲ̶ͬϵĴͨһֱӹעϣɱնɱޣɡ
ƴ壬ɢһ־ѪϴӺļǿ㣬ǿϢ
棬ҲˡȥҲûΪѾУ޼µġһôУıøӵĴһδѪɱ򵽵ĵ
׻һְ۲ӵԣֻҪһ˿ϣֻһǰǾڵºһδεվøӼǿǿ
ʿеľ󲿷ִ񣬶ѾԪгɣʽţ񺣣೤ңЩ긾ŮƤ⻬ƺòἸꡣڵѪ⣬ʼָøӾ
ԭ޸֮ˣڶܿһľͷɣˮͰ硣ԸСţңǰǸŮӡ
һЩ޷޳ɡԪģһЩߣһЩ׵ͯϵģǱѾľԭȵԪǳһգ磬õԪĴ̼Ҳû취׻ָҪǧѡǼͻƣ̤֮·
Եϴ裬ǿǱ
ߣԲڽǻʺһЩУʱʺȵʮңſʽʼӰ쵽ǸǷ
֮⣬ƴУ˵ȫ
Ǻܿ޷ȡʲôɾͣȴǰҪǿ̫ࡣ
ǿ壬ģƽʱһĲʹϣҲпܵģݼأֻҪܿ񺣣񺣾ͨģܻһٶʮ꣬ģԴﵽһʮļޡϣ˵ѾԽͨˡ
ңΪóȻ뵽ԪУв˾ȻҲоϡмʮ˵á𵽼áѵıʣִҴߵĸߡ
һ񣬾;صϣܹϵԼǶԲľһֳѰĴ߷֮һСݣֻҪʩչһ̼ͨͻ賤ﵽһ˸ߣңֻҪԸ⣬ܼ賤
İ£ľǽܣ¸ľǽϣľǽøӼ̣ЩʯɵĳǽҪңɫ̲ݲľǽڻĵֿǴһ棬Ͳܽľǽȼ
ľǽķǿһࡣ
ңľϵУõҲǸïʢһҪӵ´ȥֻҲʲô׵顣
կڣһݷ׷
ڻϵĹ滮£ڵĸۡΪģֶ档棬ɱԣӪӪλãճϢھӪ֮Сÿտĳ٣Ӳʵɱ
滮Ϊм޽ֱͨկǰƷ߹滮ǽ켯УԺ󣬸Ӧλạ́ḷ̌ҽݵȵȶƬ
ߺͱ棬ǾססǵõĶľݣéݣڷ絲ꡣ߷Ҫ١һӣȻ㲻϶󣬿ȴúܶһǿҵİ֮СоԼ˸˼ңΪ֮ܶĿꡣ
ָоʮǿҡ
ȫɱģʿյѪͳļ԰
н԰ûвѪ뺹ġ
죬ľǽ֮ϡ
ľǽϣܣ¶һĨпƴ壬¸ûꪳɳûҰ
ϸһɱѹһδɱġմȾѪѾ̫̫ࡣ
Щ죬пûƬйÿ춼иָ鷳ϯǵֵ޵ĳԸݣץʱС
϶£ʮѾͨʮ
̫ξİľ󳦾̫С̫ƢξθʮԱƣһӵᴩֽ֮УϴʣȡԪ
ֻʣ£̫׾ûг׹ᴩ
ڴͨʮڻٶԽԽ죬̺֮ҲԽԽ֮࣬Ƕϲ֪ٱҪ׳忪Բʲô¡ƾڵӴֻҪԸ⣬Ҫ˶þͿֱƿ
񺣾ڶصĹ򳹵Բ
ݽȣûнȫ˼ϣҪɱԿе´ɵġ֪ǳģУǿʵĳˣԼƴ˵ļӳ֡еٶԶ״̬
ǰУһ΢ĸҪ׳ֻ»ԶԶ㰡ƳҲζ˵
ϵ˼ǣ˿⡣л
µɱôаգԼʿս٣Աȴ޷õ䣬ͬ޸֮ˮ֧ųõġưܡƳɫص˵
ɫ֮ǰҪ࣬ͷϷ׵ķ˿±ںڡ񣬶һ췭ظɱ䣬Ŀ⾼п˾޷ֱĿ⡣
ȻѾгɣңеǼ򵥡һΪжǳԤ⣬Ѿľ硣
Ļ̫ۺǲѣһˡңʱǾϡһʵ֮ǿѾ֮ϡ
˵һɳ졣
УȴʼмӣԽ
Щ죬ҪǻڴͳԲ֮ܽ죬ңľ
Ҳ֮УȻ϶дմĳ棬ģȴǱ޳ĪѾ¸߳ɽȣ뿪أͻȫûҡͷЦ
Σ
ʱԶߣͻȻһŹֵĽ
񣡣ô񡣡
ľǽϣ˷


064 
ƳҲͫһ
Ȼֻ񣡣ɫΪء
䱸
쾯ӡʿϵľǽϡó˫ɷĶԶѾʱ׼о£̤ͦľǽϣڴկǰ档
񣡣
һֻ񣡣
Ĵ񣬷ͬһĴô˵ءǴСҪſ޴ʮֿ㣬ôɹͬһƬɫƲֱƮǽֻ񷢳ġܹŹ֣ͬͨ˵ġΡַһ
ǡΡ
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ֻǿеӣĴε
ʲôǰûмĹ˾޴󣬶ңģֱһͯһ
̫ˣǴģѵһ·ûôпǼΪΣյģһţͻݣ֮ǰͿԼЩ޵عʮǿҡûܺΣյĴ̫ˡ
쿴ֻϣмӡֻǱһڷСô¡
վľǽϵĻһЩһҲĿֻж¶֮ɫ𾪡ȻЩ쿴ޣݣǧٹ֣Ѿ׵߸ǵֹۣۣۣô񣬻ϱһݵģǵһο
ԶؼһּΪ壬󣬾һֱԶΣϲԸزͬķ羰ͬؼ䣬̺ص츳ͨô󲿷е׽⣬һЩԶ񣬶ܳͨ衣ǺƽʹߡԶĸԶΪһְֶҵ̡Զ߸أͨ˷
ó飬ϣȻҲֳйԶļѶϢ
ֹ񣬺ȻͽԶ񣬲Ǵ𣬶ϲķȴصڣȻԲֹݹɵĴաһ㣬½УǼΪ죬ңĺôӾˡ
˵̿һȺͨˣһʵôû֪֮ûʲô˴̵⣬ң̴ǸϡŹֵҲȡָıϵĻܳ챱ҲǼΪ˵õΪֶΡ
ܴĻ
ˢ
Զƺпƴ壬ʱͿʼ½ڴկǰĿյϣ޴ͬȻ˿ҲһԵѹ
ǣԶıϣһ޴ķӡ
ǷӶǰеĴլԺɼ䷿ݾԲһĴ
ϸȥǸһ¥¥󣬵ƲףԲѰ֮¥Ĳϣоͷֱ治ʲôϡ
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λ׸ϣԶðǰ뵣
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һӶҪס
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λ˵ЦˣƴȻС˵㣬ǰȻкþƺдʲôԡ漴Ц˵
ʲôѣҲһ˶ѣλ̣ռֳ֣šԸĻһϼ־ͿԡЦĸӲãЦ˵
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̲סͻƳһۣڶԷпһ˿㵡漴ĴȻţˮô򵥡ˣҪƴͨô
ֱ׵˵Ҫƴ⡣
ˣľ
֪ϰδʲôܷȥۿһЦ˵½ԶΣģǾ;Բ򵥣ңЯĻֻҲ١иϡŹֵ⡣
˴򿪴⣬ܾšӭӭȻǻӭֳЦǺǵ˵
Ǻãĳհһ¼ϰıҲЦ˵
ԻƳʹ˸ɫһ˴կԶǰ
ԶںĴǰĴկ˫۾ͬͯ㴿棬鶼·õϴӣǳ֮ġ
ĳȥĽݡ
˳ųкͻƳһԶ¥ǰ
¥ϸֳԶθ塣
λ롣μĳҲӲٵطضˣ½ޱ޼ʣЩ죬ߵĵط࣬ҲռһЩĶ˽׹Ҳܶڸվ档棬ס
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֪ϰ忴ƴΣͻȻѯʵ
Ǻǣ״峤Ĵկ㲻ʲôƴӣ񣬼ĳܸĴȵģҲָ֮״峤ǰ;˿νʢֳζЦЦΪ˵
仰ûƳаһĨʣȴû˵
ϰŹ㲩Щ죬Ҷˮ֮Уûһ˯þЩ޹ﲫɱϵرۼһ˵ʵɽȶȥһȥ߲أͻȫû֪ʲôСǸʲôΣһ㶼֪
࣬Сϣ𣡣
һѯʵ
ֳָһش𣬵һ䣬ܲ
ٺ٣ںϣΪ½磬ޱ޼ʣ˭֪жôΧж󣬶ңǽµĴޱ޼ʣʵ򰡣һһСѡ
ֳЦǺǵ˵
ңɽУ״峤ھӵģھӣƺ̫á
ֳ˵仰󣬾û˵
ЦŽ˴ԶθС
һ¥ͿĿɱ濴ĻҪһܰݷǰǸָıĿ֮޲ȫ§С
ĳȻ࣬ӦûȫҪʲô͵ƷܸҳһȻ̫صҲûУЩЩʱϸͽ׺õġ
ȷʵǰвٵĻγҲһ²̣ҲŪ̫ıܽǰĻܰڵѾֶͨ졣
϶ǲġ
ҩҩҩ챦ĵرްõĸͷľõĹߣʿõĵףȵȣָǧٹ֣ģҲͨġӦӲϾ


065 ܴӡ
ӣȴ١еԣžصãܸĺôıֻҪܵõǾԿΪ𵽾޴ĺôɱУø˻կʵġ
һЩرĹߣڴկõķչһҪ飬Ҫ֪ƴȻ̣Ҳûʯûû취ӦıֱرĹߵȵȡ
ЩڻƳУҲǰԵͷҪЩȻǱҪƷ嵥֮ڡ
Ȼй
һϣͷ֣ȻŲٵĹ伮
ķʽֳв١˿һ֮С
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ὣƽ׼ƷսΪȻԺȻʩչͻʹգȻʩչߺȻԽǿԽ󡣡
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067 
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069 Ұ
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ںϵǧǧ򣬲ϷǵӰӾ磬С˵ǣʷ˵ӵеľʵ̫࣬˭֪ľӣ˭㲻ҪĻʲôģڴկδʲô¡
Ĵȥ̽̽⸽ھӣ취ҵ֧ӣûлŪ֡
οҲԸһı仯⸽ŶٿµޣԼʶһ磬ʲôӡ
ֻҪɽڣξſԴԽȥ
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ģһغôկŴ˵
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˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ĵֵһɲǣкԥĽҪնƵһתǰǵҹײһǻҹڵϡȻһֻɫ򼣬һ׳Ťĵ׷顣Եһ֪ԲƲ硣
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ص˲䣬ֻȿ趯ҪïܵĹľȥ룬һ£ԴѾӦնϡļ׿ϣݳ˵
Դڵϣܲľ˲ήڡ
öҪǱҧһڣ治֪ܲܿסҲǰһ˸̵֪
򼣬˵Խʾ͸ζô򼣬⿣Ǿϵȵʳʬ壬漴ͽʬУһپѵʳ
ߣǣȭͷСĶãںڰеĶ֩롣
ÿʱÿ̶ڳз𹥻ңϮʱޱȾ׼дûзɹ裬ԵЩǱ
ҪҲҲ뱻Ե
ˣҾҪЩԵ̫ˣǸү˭ҪܽҾȳȥԸǧ𡣡
˵Ĺôô⵽̫ˣҪؼҡ
˭ҪܾңֻҪЩԵԸһһţһӡĹԲжġӼһĲ
мǰٵ·ɽкھӵλʱͻȻ䣬һҵļУʹԼУǴλãҪȥĴկ򡣶Ϸ򣬾벻Զ
ĶӦɡ
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070 ʳħ

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ζʲôУǾ˿ڣ׳ƴĸκһԴկԣǵ̣ġ
οԲһˣǴࡣ
һֻ࣬ҪܽȳƴԣһĴĵ̣ӴկʵҪȻûѪҺ䣬չġ
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ȴԿ϶ƬУɢաңЩ˵ξԺòȥҪȻᷢƿ޾
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ǰȻԿһ޴󣬿ࡣ͵Ĺٶ˸ߣ׵ߣͬˣ׳ֽţצӣĿĵǿֲļ⣬ݳһеѹĿ־塣
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У󣬶оһθʮֲ
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ȻһȺ˵ĹЩץģȫʳˣɲһСĿҪȫȻȥǿկʵž޴İҪ취
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ҪԸЩʳħַֻһǷֶ֮ʳħ취ɱڶ־취һٽʳħȫնɱ
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071 ƾ
ԿΪǣӦԣȴҪϸ롣
а˼Ժиڿתͷ뷨ԺײƬ̼䣬ǸױʳħԵʱһ뷨ѾѸơ
ҪðգȴõķΣգգֵðġ
ĿһٴνӲ֮СӪһֻֻɨӹȥЩе࣬òиӵܣͨգгӣҲŮߣͯ˿̣Уͬ׵ĸ
֪ʲôʱ򣬾ͻᱻȺ˵ĹֱӷڻϿһڿֱӳԵ
ʱĲпᣬûоԵǡ
ǰǿнȦɱֶвͣȴ޹ǿΪʳģ࣬޳ﾺɡΨǿ
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ͺʳħһ࣬Уʳʳ
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˭ҪܾȾңӼһţӼҲ뱻ЩԵһİɢңĿãɱˣЩʳħǺץڻϿţԵ
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ʳħͷĿħȻԼ˲ֱӸŪûˣŭץһʯͷͳħҹȥħϣȴʯͷ飬ħڵϡ

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ʳħͻȻֵľŵìӰҲһ˿㶣漴ݵĳлӽնȥǺսìҪȽֱ˵
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072 Ԫħ
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ӲҪ˵ڣʳħǴ㵣ȴΪһ޽ŲƵһߣ͵ڵһ̤ӿٵĳʳħսìк˸һ˲ͺȥźȥ
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ڸոգѾһͷʳħҲ̤̺ҵС˲ͱ˿תиֱӽʳƬָ飬Ǹ˿ħе۶ɣɱȥʳħҲʳƬûκδȥĿܡ
ǱĻ塣
ʳħҲѲ˱ˡ
ԪħĿ¡
ħ̧ۿܱеȫ¶εĿ⡣Ȼϣܽǽ
пûԥٽһһնϣ䵽ϡӵһͷų
̫ˣڵþˣĺòҰΪʲôҪұЩԵ
ˣĻˣ֮ǰӣֱǵ


073 
һȳİգ϶ŸӵϲãȻЦʹޣǧ˰̬֮䣬дֲǴӳ˵ĹлܶеĸмϲãѾ޷ݵĵزеĸмӲ˵
¶𾴾ܿĳ
ǽǴӵ˼䡣
л˾֮˵ͳдݵ
Ƕ˳֣ǶӲЩ˵ĹԵ³飬컹ҪߣȵػҪԸһţ˶顣˴е
ˣԸΪΪū˴Ůӿ°ݵ
һտеĿⶼǿȡ
ɱ˵ĹǽʵЩѾ֣綼ˣԭȵȫͬˡʳħĹﶼˣǻнǾ󣬾ͲٹˣԼǿ£Ǹո뻢ڣѡĻУδؾܻȥ
ǿߣܻȥ
׻Թıܡ
ҲðңɣΪ壬ôܿͬ屻ЩʳħԵټŻ֡ҽУڸһկǴԸ⣬ԸǰկԺڴկ໥֣һлȥ
ЦŽһշ
̫ˣԸ⣬ԸĴկľһľϲ
촬ʦһ촬ǰҲμӹ츣Ҳ˵Լʮֵš촬ǸǴ󴬣һ˿첻ˡ
һмյ˷׷ëԼ
ҲǰԵͷɶǱмյˣڽկĹУž޴ã˲ţȻԽԽáʲôƷΩжߵĻǶǹƨκμգĲƸܽկܴ
ݼˡ
ʱһ곯еͷͰ¡ȣһЩ֮
ΪҪΪûпʿͨˡпǰݵĲһĨ⡣
ңǸ̫࣬ΪûмǴʷУи̫࣬ͽвңִУһӾеĽɫҲвңǲӾУʵڶΡԲϣǰˣ꣬Ҳʮꡣ
ū澲֪ô£òͻȻǰģԺж䣬Щ䣬ԼġһصԴңںϣȥα棬ֻءǰˡ
ūûнֻأƬ磬½ӵԭȵļ䣬òѾᣬңͬԭĹһ£õɱ䡣һ磬ͱЩʳ˹ץסˣҪȣֻūӲ˱ЩԵ
֮ǰū澾ѾԣֻҪܾңǾһΪţһĲ
ٽԼԼ˵ΪȡУûС
ΪӡڡʱӡģԭȵΪȫӡң۳һö浤ڡֻҪٴοʼͿö浤õԭȵΪʵ
֮ǰܵǴӻ浤дݳġ
ӵо޸Ĺ˵ǽȱٵĲֲȫ¹ȷоϴ֮·
¾;Ҫ߿񺣵ȷ֮·Щ죬Ǳץסץʱ䣬ƴӲǴ񺣣񺣾
ֻҪڻ浤ԭȵΪٴܼǰڵĻۡܿܳɳ
ԭˣں£Щԭеĸǣõһظ컯жٸ磬ٸͬصݱ£Ϊһ壬ȥα棬½УֻһԼǧٸͬԼնĳһԼΪ壬ںԼɱ䣬һһں϶ԼǻҲһȫµȫµԸòᷢı䡣

Ժȴӿֳκ˰˼ӦֻоǴν¼ǲ֪ء֪ͺһ˵ȥҲĺ塣
ڿͨӦ뵽½С
ЩԭȻеǣյǵõͬĽٷʽһ־ֱӻеԼںΪһ壬ܳµԼż䣬½ңڽУΪģӡԭȵΪĻᡣ
һµ
һ֣ںԼƾĵֻ̣֮УתֻأֻУԭȵļ϶޷ģһЩҲֻһǰǼ䣬ȫµĿʼңֻغԭڻеݣΪˡ
˼ֻҪزۣǾ;Ŀܡ
ؼǣ󲿷ûѡأֻأΪ
в²⣬ʵǿһΣѡĻᡣ֮ǰںʱЩܲгֵ
ЩȻԼܿ̽ĲΡ
ԸΪĿλεĿǰ꣬Ȼûиı̫ݣûֲȱݡΪݣǸ̫ࡣ
ңɲǺܺá
ū澿Զģԥ˵
ԺɣȻԸ⣬ǾȫƴеĴգȻһͬʡвÿɷҲûֱӴӦֻǵȻ˵㽫ܰվۼҾͽȴشկ˵
޳ƣ޶
αǰȥѰկȴڰ;ʳħӪأȳһİգǰկж϶ҪʱжϣЩջصկҪ顣ʮ֣һ֡޴ڡûʲôǼȶġ
ͺǴֱǰл׼һأ۵Ĵ󲿷ŪһʡڻУʱҲ벻ںϵ飬ʲôضûˡ
ԣһκоѾףûж
ǻκһ˲䡣
˾޳
ʳħӪһȻʳħҪĵطʳħȫɱȻҪȥѹһ£ܲҵʲô
ˢ
ƿ˽ȥ
ܴ󣬸ɹŰһңû̫õļ󣬵ĶȴһȡͬʱһĸоС
ǴկЩʳħҲ˽
һͷԺС


074 
Ȳе
̤ʱһĸоȴȻȻĸԺУڤڤеѶϢԼʳħӪأȻʳħկýС䡣ζţֻã壬ֻҪõʹá
կǾһأڴկˡ
ʳħӪУͬˡ
ڽ⴦Ӫʺ˲͵õһѶϢʳħӪѾ׻ӪʳħȫɱΪӪصˣֱԭʳħӪصˡһֱӵӶᡣ
ɣ
һ䣬ֻƴеزϵ񣬺ܿеľ󣬻ɫ֮ˮУһɫζͻȻ䣬ɫ¶˷ܵɫ͵ĳˮһԾĴʧ
ǰͿһɫ˳ڶβͣǰΪһ⣬˲Уʧ
еȴܸŽɫһؿռ䣬⴦ռƴеĿռʮƣҲһسڿռУУɫĳˮڣһɫʳħҲڲ£ֻǣʳħĴСȴһûгʳħӤһ
صĴСҪСϲ١
ƴе˽˷ܵİڶԥУʳӪصСʳħ˺ҧȥ
ʳħӪѾ׽𣬱կϢϢص֮ȻǷϣûսһӤ״̬ưĶ֣һ㷴֮ûУһ𣬶̶ʱڣǷϵСʳħôǿ̳Ե
˽̳ʳħĹУҲۿɼٶȿʼ׳󡣾Ȼգۼ䣬ͱһС㣬״̬ɱԭȴһȦϵĽ˸ĽѤҲøǿһص֮ˮҲڽſһ£ʧ
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ң֮鱻ɣ˲俪ʼѣѺۡȻѾױϡûм˵⴦կѾưܡ
˽ĴȥУٴڣͻصƴСԿڣԭȵĳˮȻһ¾˴롣ѾܳΪɹ۵ķ˽Ȼķأڳζš
Щ˵ʵḶ̶̵́ļ䣬Ѿ׽
ƴˣȴȷȷʵʵĳֱǡ
ɣֱɵжԴկˣ֮鶼ɣսĲпᣬĲɱսпᣬ͸Ӿˡ
пɵḶ́Ҳһ˿𺳡ܵ⵱̺ĲпᡣһԼ䣬ƴ屻ƣƴˣͬᱻһա
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׳ֱӵķĪɡ
Ⱥʳħѹ˲ٵĶ˱ץʱҲѹһΡϴ붫ȫߣ
˼ϸڵΡ
ŸָƷʳߡȵȣһ֪Ǵսɹġ
лһֻʯͷɵĴӡӣһ֪ܳأͨ˸Ʋ
ͨƷ棬ȻһЩʳħΪصƷǴڴ֮ڡ
֪װʲôҪܴõ챦ͺˡܶԴկģǾ͸ϧ֮ǰץȡĴ󲿷챦û취ڽկ棬ʱʺóڴկа챦ʵ̫ϡȱ
пӣҲɵĽ˫ִ˴꣬ǣץһǧõϵģȴָһ㣬Ҳû취Щǽ챦óȴʡõ챦УһĽ챦ȴʺڡҪԺչõϡ
ܴطһЩڴկ챦
ͺ֮ǰ̵п챦ǺԥĹ
꣡
ֽʯƿʯȻ൱أûǧͱ뽫Ӵ򿪡ʯϣͨʯϡ
üһб
ʯУżЩǹģ״ȻǴϵ챦ʳħûпͷ֮С
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飬ʱһֻƿС
յչΪҩܽزݣ񼡹Ϊҩں˲ΣѩҩԶطƶɣݣϵĸְ̺۵Чú󣬿һ겻䣬ʼݹƷס׵ҩһѶϢȻԺС
Ȼһƿҩ׵ҩⵤҩûãŮֻͻԹǲ䱦ԥĽƿյŽռС
Ȼ׵ҩֻ֮±֮ؽ׵ҩѷɫ
漰Ů˵Ķûб˵ġ
ңɻģҩƷʣ϶ġ
ҩƷɸߵͣΪɡ졢ءơƷסÿһֳַƷƷƷƷĴƷףһΪ׶ʮƷƵҩҩƷףԼЧҩ̺ҩƷס
ƷΪɵҩ̺ҩΪʣڷã𺦸
ƷΪɵҩ̺ҩΪʣڷãˡ
ƷΪųɵҩ̺ųҩúʣ𺦼С
ƷΪʮɵ̺ʮҩʣȫҩ֮Ϊ鵤
ģʮɵʡ׼Ʒҩֵ޿ɹŮΪ֮
ٴڶö
ֱ顣
ȻԿеģȻһͼֽͼֽϣֳָΪܵ飬˿̲סͷۻĸо
ͼֽ
пڵõԺеѶϢɫΪ֮һ䣬ûκԥٵĽͼֽսռУȴ˿˿롣˿˿ȴǿѹȥҶ롣ͼֽ̺ݣʵ̫ˡһй¶ȥӰ졣
붼룬ͽͼֽ
ٴδʯóöһöִ챦ʳħҲ̫࣬пǴץȥġ
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ٴ飬γеģȴһᡣᣬе۾ʱһʲôֻҪ飬ǾͿ϶ûõġ
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еģȻһȻʲôı䣬ڽʦУνż滹һЩͨĵ
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075 ħ
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ԴȪ
ûлٴ츳̤ʦЩǰþѪ۳ľɹǳΪʦĻݡ
вҪδɽж츳ֻҪܳΪʦǶƴ壬һʵϵľ޴ɱ䡣κεҩҪı󣬵ҩֻһööȴܽƳǧöǸ࣬ԴԴϵƳµĵҩ
鼮ӣԶԶ챦֮ϡ
鼮֪ʶ֪ʶ޿ܡ
صĽղ˿ʯУĹѾûˣһЩЩл챦Ĵڡԭǹ򣬱ʳħ򿪹
ʲô
дʯٴץһУ͸ʯͷһóͿǻһĿʯֳ֮ɫڿʯУȴֳϸܵĿ׶͸һһ̳ףȴʼһ㣬޸֮ңʯķһ㶼ᡣ
ȭͷСôһ飬ȻкüٽأϣӦò򵥡ȻռǿҵʯͷʱڵöѾڷݳޱǿҵĿĳ־
һǿޱҪʯɵĿ
޲ڵһʱͽʯ̵
Ȼ޲ʯͽռ䣬лǿн뷨ѹסó顣鿴ҪɣҲʯʲô֣ʲô֪
ħмļʽɱ䵽߲ΡӵĶԣܵˣҲ̵ʱڻָмȡԪңħӵǧ򻯵ĶǶıġƷסƷ
ϣٸֳʯ
ȻһƷĶⱦġ
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ãҾ͸㣬ֻᷢʲô仯
֪еʲôûѹĿһͽħսռС
һȥʱħֱʧôռгڡţͿռУƺͻȻһĿռ涴ͺ̳׽ռһǻ棬ʮֿ¡
ͬһռ䣬һӱɵǶɸӡ
ˣռ䲻ɣǷе챦һҾͳױ⵰ˡһĻҲľռڣŵȫҪ챦һЩ챦¶˶ʱС
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ûзڿռгϸܵĳ涴һɹԴԴϵĴӳ涴ӿעռС
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ÿ䶼׳
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ԭȵ״СѸšתۼ䣬ȻһңⲻǼޣš
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ֱ仯˰ӣųֹͣԭȳڿռܵϸܳ涴ʧȡ֮ģһ췭ظ仯ռ䡣
СѾ֮ǰĳ߶׵ķΧһ˷Բ׵ĴСռĴС֮ԭȻԵЩӵĿռ䣬һ¾ͱޱȿտЩƷֻռݼΪСһ򡣺ۡ
ħȻ˾޴ĹЧײε̿ʯֻռ俪ٳ״СһƷıϣÿռ˶౶˲áռҪ챦Щʲô໹׽
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Ѿֱӭˣ˶ѾҪǰկֻҪϾͿԿʼ
ҪˣԽУҲԽҴ峤㲢ˣκˣկǾȫƴĴ񡣡
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˭˵ҪЧң˵ҪһҪɵġʷϿӼ߰ߣˣԭȵļ䣬ҪʱǾԲܵġ
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дӦȴûиġ
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ڣӦλǰʳħƷ뿪ǰҽȥԼԭȵĶûȥǶ໹٣չ黹ǻһЩ
ЦܵûԭԼĶ
£Ҳ׷׽УҵԼԭȵȻж٣ЩʳħٻˣЩԭȱʳħԵµģͱֵ
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ǰ֮ѾԵûôҪ
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пһۣѯʵ֮ǰûпֻľϻӣȻӦǱڵסŻûп
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ᶨ˵
ںܶ˶ԣսⶼܣȻߵǿڱͬһֹбǿߵģҲбߵġǧƪһɡֻҪģܴĹҵ⼸ͬѾһжޱиȥ
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076 ͯӹ
УǾԲԥ϶ŽؾУһ㣬ǾԲģȥǿĵ̡ø˱ǿӿֳǿߣôկʵǿ
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ˣūˣ䣬սֻвܷӳá˵ľ֮ūֻЩܱ֮һл⡣û˿ʹḻѾѡҪԡ
ͯӹջ򴨹ָⶼǲĹսԸ׸ҡнӹľϻ򿪺ͳıᣬһһһۣ൱Ĺͯӹ޳ͰԵ
һ޳ɣǿΨһĽɾǱ뱣֮ͯƹеĹͼǡͼǾеڴ֮УܷڣûκȻͰԵ޼᲻ݡҪͺһףейȥ
ȻͲڣΪʧ롣
̫࣬Ź˵ǼΪϡõĹ⡣Ψһ㶼㡣
Źͬϳ˵񺣾š
ҲǼΪס
ĹڳУʵʵ±֪
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ǺãıҾ£ԺֱӷŽؾУ׳ıԺͿڲؾѡıƷͬĹսߵʱɹ׵㡣
׳ҲԲģһһķһһѡͬȲεĹжһȻҲԶһɹ׵㡣
ڹ׵ƶȣڻûƳȴԺķ
ǣˣ
ɹִĳƺΪˡһ㣬ƺԵüΪļᶨбˣҲֻҡҡͷܣҿԺ
߰ɣǰ·ҸȻشկˮȷ벢ңѾһ·ֻҪңͲ⡣
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صٶȺܿ죬ʱͳ˴֡صƴ塣
дһİջƳǻһô̵ʱڣȻܴô࣬Ҫȶѡ
ڽ˽Ƴ˺󣬲ûжתٴνС
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ε֮ϲҲΪƴµԴȪ
һ̶ϣƴ˿Σõ⡣
صԭȿٵĵ·УٴǰС
ǺԥƵǿпٳһ·еǰĲľֻҪնϣ;ԲƹȥӲԭʼĴУһ·
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ڿٵ·УһŲ֪ﴵ磬ݵУ㣬ʮ£ȴӲе˲Ͳ׽ԺҲڵһʱ両ֳһͷ
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ԽԭʼĴУҩԽӵķḻҲ
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ǰ׳ն֪ǰСԲͨĹȴǴûпġ
ԪԪ֮أʮϡ٣ԪǿΪԪȹ̸ĹЧҩº͡ƵҩơƷס׼Ʒ
Դˣûκԥֱó顣
ϹȻֹ
ȻԪҩºܹͣΪ׳Чң׼Ʒ
Ҫ֪ؼ䣬ҩƷɸߵͣΪɡ졢ءơƷףÿһֳַƷƷƷƷĴƷףһΪ׶ʮƷ
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ƽҩһΪޣƷʮ֮ڣƷʮ֮ڣƷʮ֮ڣƷꡣ
ҩһǧΪޣƷһ꣬Ʒ֮ڣƷ֮߰ڣƷһǧꡣ
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ҩǧΪޣƷǧİ֮ڣƷǧ꣬Ʒǧ꣬Ʒǧꡣ
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ҩ֮޼ޣΪ淴ת죬ãҩ컯
Ԫλ׼ƷζţԪҪǧʱܿճ졣ǧ
ǧûг׳죬һȫ죬ӦŨھ죬ӦѾΪĽӽ
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ҵ˷ܣǿҵľ裬˿ûмԪĴ㡣
ҩһ죬Ȼиָػȴҩ죬̷ʵǧԣûڰջ񡣶ңʵ϶ǿ
Ҫ̤㿿»ֱӽЩػ޸̼
ؼǣд˿̸о޵Ĵڣо޵ǿвһ糣
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˳һξ󣬺ԥתأ뿪Ƭ򣬼˳֮ǰٳĵ·ǰǰһ㶼ûгɡ
еĺˣӰУƺһ˫۾ıӰ䲻һ˿ûСͬǴһ㡣
ûдﵽһΣԲܿ
Ƭһ߻ӵһ߰ǵط̫£̫µ顣Ǹ϶ʲôµ޹ڡ
涼ҷκڸͣ
ǸոܲסеȥժȡԪĻ£пܻ᳹¡вϣڸոգȷʵǿҵĿҪȥ


077 Ҵ
ûٶ룬ԪڵΪûдﵽһεĻǾԲٴοġ۶ûпصʲôطѾΧ֮ڡ
ǰ
ʱͻȻ䣬һĨ̺ǰ
˲ν˲Ρ
ۿȥֻԱߣȻһĨСһֲһööʺɫĽЩһͬһ伫Ϊ޵ĺ컨ʮĿע⡣
Щʶ˲ν
ഫ˲εݴﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬾ͻῪЩͬ˲εӣ󣬱ط᳤ֻµ˲ΡңܳԵģ̺ͬŷḻԪ̲塣ܽ콬˲Σǿ϶ݵġ
Ұ˲Σܴ
гһٽϵ֦ϡһͷץС
˲ҩݸߵ˲ΣܳΣӵԣɲʱһʼҪú˲˩סס˲εԲɢ˲Ǿ飬ûаϺ˲еľͻܵڳ˲Σ˲εĹЧҲ˴˲εԣѾûˡ
ˡ
ʵڴͳĲɲοУظϸ񣬲ɲʱÿֳһ׳޹ǰѹѰΣɽ治˵һ仰һ˲ʱУ鳣˵һ鳣˲ξͻᱻסܣòñǣʹ˲־ܣúѲΰ֦ϣ׽ס˲Ρɲ˵Ҳнڲν̧Σ⡣
ЩȻôúסѾ˲ξ鲻ɢάס˲еԡ
ЩСʼڵСĵһ㱻ֿתۼ䣬һɫ˲γǰܲСд룬Ѿεģ
оһǿǱš
Ұ˲Ρ
н˲СУҲһ˿ϲ
ʧ֮֮ɣܣû뵽Ԫȴֻܶת뿪߾Ȼҵһ˲ΡȻ⡣
Ҳ¶Цݣûκԥһ䣬˲ѾʧٴγʱѾڵ֮С
ڣǿȻѾһƬȣңٶȣԶƽÿʱÿ̶ܵ벻춼ѡЩѾҪˣң̺ȻףȴѾеķҪ̫ࡣ
档
ϧֻмֵصĴСʱ䲻ϼȡԪ£ϣԭȵֵأѾһ㣬ﵽķֵصĹģⵤϣѵڿ٣ֻҪٳͿмȡԪ׳ңֲҩЩҩȻɢҩԣҲΪ֣øӷ֣Ȼӡ
һгһСӣ˲ҲȻ֣ڿУԶڸȥ˲ٴȥ˲ϵ˲νҪ˶ãͻӡУ᳤ֻµ˲Ρ
ðԺҲҪҩ԰ķֵأø󣬱øӿ㡣ֻҪúϣÿһʿǿĵ̡
ٴοһгϣ
ΪǿҲ᲻ϳɳɱ䡣
ʵУɲֻ˲ΣһЩҩСǴн׵һЩҩӣ̫󡣶һЩƾƵͨӣҩӣûСֲկҩĲȱݡ
ջ֮ϲٴǰ·;УǱⲻ˸ޣɱĳУ̫
һߣֺķ˺üСʱ緹·Ͻġ֪УѾïܵĴ֡
뿪ǰҰһ±ÿ
ʱһƬƽԭǰ
ƽԭϣһƬݵأïʢ
һկȻƬƽԭϣֻǴկԵüΪļª۵ģһƷһۡģĴéݣ棬һƬľͷֱӶڵγɵľʣľǽ㲻ϣԱƴǳеĺǰũ塣
ϣȻֳ׭Ҵ壡
կҴ塣
еһۿ˲両ֳһͷ
ȻǴկ֡
կһͷ֣ȻӦǴկ֣֮һĴ뽨ֱӵϵ
ɱĺۼѪζңѪζŨȣһɱʱڲвƵĺۼɱѾӵկУҴĹɲһء
棬ɨӼѾԿܶ⡣
Ҵ徹Ȼоӣľӣɭϣʿװһһ֧ľӡӦò̫ࡣ
ڴկʺ棬ԿһʿųǹżθЩϵļθѾѿڣץۡɫܿЩ԰ףһɫƣģ
ЩǾɱʿ
ʲôˣ
ڴſڣƷ£ʿֱվңĿɨܣӴ߳УеĴ磬裬ֱկгǹͬʱһڣڴſڣĺǳ֮ǰûпڴˡ
ǻҰе·ߣ֮ǰͻȻڴУҲ֪ô£ͻȻ磬òײ߳ⲻǿһկҪֿˮȡ
˵
ֻǽԼݳһλͻȻɽеˣѴɽ߳Ķߡһˣ˼һЩ䱸֮ġ
ˣ̫࣬գҴ壬ǾһԵ֡Ҵ壬κաʱһ׵˳¶һԾһ˿ϡ˵жУһŷ
ǣٽ
ʿ󣬴ӦһֱӷС
лٽҲЦ˵ͬʱҲڰԴǰꡣòῡʣټһʣν൱ףøСֵʡҪǳɳȻһͳ˧ĲϡĿλ־ᶨˡ
л磬ĺֵܣֻҪ࣬ǾԼˡΣգȿˮȻûгʳˮеġ
Ц˵
ոʿٽи߽կУз·ĵѯʵ
Ҵ壬ǼҸֽĴկ㾡סֻҪԸ⣬㡣Ц˵
ףСЦŵͷӦ
ԭ׳ʿ꿴ϱŵսìлһͷײе㣬ͷҲ֮ǰʿԭ֮һҲȭ˵ƽֿƺҾ͸ǼһҺͼҸһػôаգð޹
ֿˣĳҲЩҪΣգҲսɱЩ죬ƬɽУҿûЩ޹


078 ƽ
ǾͶл֣˵ʵڣЩ죬ѾԵֵԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿĹտʼֵܵѾЩģʼǧҾֻʣ²һǧ˶ڸЩɱսУЩʵ̫ࡣ
ƽ¶Цݣϲ˵
аԵһ磬У󻹱սì緢仯ڣʮʮʱ䣬ڴдôʱ䣬һʵȻɱʱԮҲһЩ˽ԸڿҲˣֵһ
֪ΪʲôоЩϤ
ոսʱҾѾоϣմȾӴѪϢϢѪѾȾ죬ܵ϶а߰Ѫ֪ǰϮկģЩʲôûпĻٽе֧ӿɲʲôӱǾԾʵʧ֮ٵĵ˿϶ͬѰ
вûй飬ֱӿѯʵ
ȺΪӴȺǳǧÿһͷһ׶ߣһСÿһͷʮײУɱھܽʿֱҧңʮֲֿܷŹֵнйֹ£ֱֵܹϣЩȺᷢǣײУԶԸʿȺ֮С
ƽһɫһûҴ
Щκ˵ģ˵ڴկһߣ֪һҲûʲôġ
ҴĹȻȻĳԺС
ԭںʱƽ븸ףλܵܣо׼̣оУںϣ͹ĳ뵽ȫİ磬ԭȵĵйѾڣĹʹҲһױڴڣģѾһûмҹ硣
ͻȻһ磬ƽȻһãȻһ֪롣ԭȵĴֻʣǧңͬʱܵİȴ֮ࡣ
Щſ־壬ãȻĸְգ²ԭԼеİգЩİգȴȫࡣ
ĸѡʱõһöֱµУһկҴ壬ãȻ־İգ
ǧľӣоһǿİȫС
ƫƫµˡ
ֹŹصĹ޲ϳ֣ȳֵľȻһˣԼƶĵˣЩľľһͣìҴ巢𹥻
״ЩȫʶĹҾǾŵ巢ʱħֵĿ־壬ԲһǿҡǿĵˣֻҪ࣬ǾԲˣԵЩֵֹĹеĿ־Ȼ޷Ƶð
״ɱУһʿս
˵ڹУ˵Ŀ־֮¡
ֳϵķݣĲǡֻҪִկͻĳŴկгʿµȱҲǽ
˵տʼҴ嶼Σ
־ӡ
ƽĸûзµʿ޽ݣ޽ʣ޽ֽ¡ÿһ춼ɱжȹ
ÿ춼ʿаա
սģҲжġ
ûʳѾǰǰֱӵ⡣
ڴͳž޴츳ҸӣȻЩʤΡ˶ȫţִķ棬ǵȱݡ
ټϽϵɱֿ޹ĳûʱȥկʵʩģǾܡҪڵգвĻֹ϶⵽ɲǰеĸ߹٣ѫЩƢɲá
ﻹ˵һδεɱսУҲ֣ЩȻ죬ȴɱģֻŹֶѣȺĿ¡
ЩȺʵ̫ǳˡ
һιկ£ӭͷʹȺҾʧأľսʿҪ࣬һֻɫǣϹһֻ۾
£ͳ׽Ⱥŭˣս
ңҲɫģȻ֮ǰͷӦþá
֮󣬾ÿ춼дȺǰ̵ĳŴկɱƺʲôǣƣһֱûַҴĴΣյС
˵ڵҴ壬ǣ
ЩƽûѾǴ֪飬²˵ҲڴǵĽ̸֪
կеܼ©ֿڴлʳﲻ࣬ˮǿȵġеޣҪעһЩЩ죬еİգûгԱ˵棬ƽ϶һ˿Ρ
կȴûа취ôԱһ㣬Щ⻹ǿʼһ־Щɱޣǵά֡
еİʵ̫࣬ЩֻÿάŰ뱥ĳ̶ȡЩߣ򼢶ȥ
ģʳԴġһᴦõġ
ҲӴկеľ󿴵ĳҴ
ȱ¶ʳʳΪ죬Ѿ⡣
ǺãҾֵرиһҪȥУֹ޹կ˵񡣡ƽЦ˵
־ǰȥ
Цŵͷ˵
ƽ뿪ҲڲϴŴկеľ
կвò˵˿ںܶ࣬ƴҪ࣬˿ڣկԵʮ־޴󣬿ɴҶǾۼһΧڻѱߣһƼݣǷãȻϢδƺѾȥ
Щ췢飬Ѿ߸е֪
֧ΪҾ˲ءѾԱ룬Ƕ֪ȵҾֵסЩ޵ʱǻʲôˡ
ҲҲһȥɱ
кܶ׳ӣսϡ
ôеԵЩͳƴȣȻȫͬòʮֵԡ
ؼǳԵģǶ
ÿ춼ԲӶŵ£ûжԸ˵ʳȹӦӳԵģһ㣬е˶˭û¡Ŀõġ
ڣе֧ػߡ
ܱˡֻҪɵԴ˼вҲĵף˵
еĳ֣Ҳ˵ע⡣
ڿŵֻ޴㣬ܶ˵۾һ󣬶ʼĿ⣬һǿҵĿ
㿴ȴˣ⡭ʳﰡ
࣡
ʶ͵͵һĭ
ȴû˸ƮƮһͷ޴㣬ϱŵսì¶ɲǺǵģҪʲô˼ڷǰҲҪϸĵܹܲеõʳ


079 
飡
һǰŵһףֱڵϣõ涼һΪƵͷܴ󣬾ϰٸһԣ㡣һܹӵʳν㡣һ׵ľٶҲúܶ౻ռԺˣӶһѹ
еĿżɵ
͵͵ʿˮҲ׶
λ׸ϣ£ͷԼɱܴ󣬿ʳõʲ٣ƤƤ£Գԣͷ԰ֻҪ˰һζɿڵ磬ʣµĲ֣Ǵҵģǰǳ⣬ΪҲһһЩ
֪λԸһ֡
пŴկƼĴգȻһЦ˵
ûнȫЩ˵Ĵ㣬ȻСڴеİԣֱǱˮнҪȥһһⶼԲõһ˿Ͳ
ɱģ˽͸ˣԼȴŶӡ
䣬κζҪõ޳ġ
ȣҪԼĶӣڵʳϸѾʼݳСȻҲ῾⣬ò˵գ㲻ξտֻϿڣܳԵȥĶʳһβ̵ľ롣
ҴôˣϵرлͲţûһվտĴ
Ҫ֪ʳζζߵͣǿǻӰ쵽ʳϸ
ԽǶζԽʳϸӾ˵ı仯øǿ
еĻʱܺܶ˵϶¶춯Ȼһš

ʱһòڷͷԺ࣬ϣһңһżᶨĴȺ˳ǰ˵
˭п߳ӣòһӴʣ˫ֿԿмӣǾĥļӡȻǾõвˡĻӦ൱˵á
أҵĵգһġ
ŵĿǰͷ㣬˵ͷ;޴ζλãӦβƣβÿ춼ڲϵİڶ壬ᣬڼ̺ḻӪһ̡֡ƣһ̡צ֡
㣬۾ڷ⡣
һڿʳʱŻɢĿ⣬ڵһʱ䣬ѾֱͷζĲλңһ˲䣬ѾҪȥ⿳һζļȡ
ô㣬ûмʳģҪһݼȡ
ãε磬ƳҪʲôߣҶṩ룬ߡζϡڶʳĿ˲ռ顣ǿҵĿݣȲĸо
ڵÿһѪⶼڿţԵʳ
䣬ӣ룬ֵ߶ǰ
û˿Щôֵġ
һĻеֶΣҲܿİиӵ𺳣е۹ⶼøⲻͬ
ãԼĵǳʦԷļһôܲϡؽϱŵıֱӷ£һ򿪣ʱͿָĵһӦȫ
Ƥ޹ǵݵƬ⵶Բǵȵȣſÿһ¶ĺâվĥ³ķ⡣Щ£ԲͣУ϶ùܳʱ䡣
ЩߣȻ졣
ȺǾһϳЩõĲϣǲ˵ȽӴĻҪ
һ
ʲôרҵʲôְҵ
רҵġ
õĵߣǶҪϴģиոóĵߣЩһȣǾˡ
пһ֣Щжصĳվ͸ӵڴ
רҵĴ⿳ѵζ
Ĵ֣ԲԼѵŪʳ
ϣ
һУֱӳ޹ǵβֱһйȥβȡһ龫⡣ǿⶼ͸¶һ˿Ө
ޣһѪⶼѾΪɱ䣬ͨҰ޵ʣ֪ҪٱԽǶޣʾ͸ӵľˡ
һ֣˼Ѿȫ⿣ʳС
һβͲλѪͻӵֻƸ
ҪΪҴ֡ؿڶȺ˵

һ
ҵĻ𹤺ܺãջƿػ򡣡
ͬͨյĴԥվ˳ӸոյĵϣܿصѾﵽһޱȾտĲΡӵ⣬ʬȡٶȣṇ̀ˮѾ뻯ĵز
κʣġĵڽнȥһɲǣĸܵе˳иȥܲͽѪ롣ĵһܹҪ츳
ոǿػӵʱһУͣ١
ѾǶ⵶ı֡
ٻͷ׷վ˳
һóľ񣬽Ż𹤵Ļơ
һ׼⡣˿ҪҪ顣ؿһֱۣӿڷԸ
ǣ
һϾʹóĽпѡáϽҲСУСУΪ˳ԺãзֳһЩһ㡣ʲ
ǵζеľӡ
λ޷ġ
ʱûн⣬ǾȻȱһֶصζ
ĴԼζ֭õľǽ⣬ʳЧáȻû
һȥˮˮҪտոտͿԡ
ٴηԸ
漴ҲʼԭŪһżªӣǿβȡϣ̵
һ̵֣ѾУٵƶƶĲֱߣڲϵıáÿһˮ˿ţ͸оΪ
ǼѾһֳ뻯ĵزеС

䣬ͿһѾֿһϸСƬķɢͬɢ֮мģһצۣͬһҪڿնĺΩΩФ
þտĵ񹤣Ȼܽһģֱӵ̳һΣβſ߱˵áпҲɰԾ̾
κμգﵽһΣͬĿ
ˮϵĵ񹤣߲ܲϵĵ񹤣Ҳϵĵ񹤣ϵĵ񹤣ǵһο似
ţͿһۻҵ⿼ػŵİУóжصĵζ
ǵܺõڹˮֱӹһڷˮУĸˮζ


080 ᷢʳ
Ȼֻڷˮйһ£Ϳ̳̺еĲѪ˿ȴ˳ڵʱǵ棬Ѿ濪һ϶÷ˮ΢΢һϴӣͽѪ˿ȫ޳ԭȻЩɫ⣬һ¾ͱþӨɢʵĹâ
ĹԣñȾ
вѪ˿ƻʵСһˮ޳ЩѪˮѪ˿ʸӴ
һֵϣϣĵζ
žڹϣмˮǵˮˮлŽصĵζȻٽѾŪõװ̣ŽֱӸϡ
ˮտȻתС𣬸һյ裬ٴһյ裬ŴΡܲضƿػĴԸ
ԥĴӦ
زûͣ٣ٴοʼơƣͬһʳģֻҪ⿵ĺãǾǶļȡҪ⿲ãζҪһЩ
Ҫζ֣ͱȡ졣ȷŽˮйһڱˮйһѭΡˮзζڷˮУʻˮеζˮȴסеζɢʡ죬еζһδεĻ۵ӡÿһ˿ʡ
ؿʼڶƣơ
̣ܰնʶľۼ棬ۿ
ֹۿḶֱ́ǸʱšǴģһĿáһ㶼ûҳĲסһ
ͣ𣬳
֪ȥã̼Ѿɡָסһ㶼ûйȫܷ⡣
Ʒؽݼȷһªĳϣһơ
ƷһʦաбѾȲĸоûпյʳڵϸѾ׻ԾÿһѪⶼڷ
ܰտڳǰ£ĿתĿŰǰֻ֣似ĳ⿳ļȣѾ޲ϾܿѾ͵͵ĭˮ
Ʒһ硪֣
ˢ
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âȻǿҾԲῴȷʵйз𡣳ʦҲܴﵽ̶ֳȡ
ۣô۵Ĺâʲôô
ҿһ
ֽҿâ£ܶ۾ʶıϣ¶ŵɫĲˣȻᷢ⣬ֱǵ߸˵֪Ѿ¶ʳĲѾͨʳĽ޷Χ
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ǿ̫࣬û˻Ÿոʵġ
ᷢʳ
һһ㲻ϴݵУһ޷㣬㣬һˮУצʣ֪ôģȻӨ񣬿ʡˮ峺ȫƻĸо
óһֻ̣͵ӡΰڳ
͵Ҫˮһ顣Ȳ͵ȥͿˮͻȻɢΪһ鱡Ƭˮ͸֮ǰѾиá⵶ν似
²͵ӣһƬӨƬŽС
һڿлصһ֣Ǿʡ
ζѾﵽΪ˵ĲΡܴ̼ÿһϸ
ңƬۻޱȣ塣ڼΪһů˳ź븹СּµζζſÿһϸڻķȸԾѡÿһë׶򿪣У¡
ȣǰʳֱһѵʳֻͨʳʳƲϣֶԱȣصĲࡣʳɴ⿳Ķʳ
ʻ壬ڼһζζ٣ë׶ȫ򿪣̫ζˡһںܸܵǹζڿǻлζ
ʳ
ֻǴζеõܣڵʳϸѾʼĴܼȡԪԴԴϵ뵽ѪСڲϵӣǱǡʳĴ̼£ڵϸѾ񣬶Ԫգ֮ǰ֪ҪӶٱ
ĸܵڵӡ
ӵٶʵ̫ˣÿϰٽϰٽӡƬ̼䣬˼ǧ
ңеĿӸûκͣ٣磬һδνһƬƬƬŽУǼв˵ٶȣǳȥٶȣ൱Ŀ죬ȴûи˲κ̻ʵĸоֱӦĴ
Ƭ̼䣬һ̵ƬѾȫУһƬͨĸ˵ķȴ׾ٵıȥһͣٶûС
ڳ󣬶ʱʳֱӽгȥʳɽȥ˫ѶȻ˸ŹâʳеľϴջΪһˮľӿ֮ͬȥʳ֮ʳϸӾ޴
ϸøӻԾ
Ԫгȡȥǣȴûиֳκε󣬾ͺƽһ㡣
ȴڱǿ
ÿһ壬ɱ䣬ϸܼ̣ƤĤӼͣѪ̺øӼǿȫλ
ʳʳϸĴ̼ʵ̫ˡ
ÿڱǡ
ǼٽＸٽĵ
Լ䣬һɱз
գҲ̲סٴ̾һ
Ʒһݡצ֡¶֮ɫٴνҿڶʳ
ֽҿ˲䣬ͬйâţƺܿһֻצڻ衣תۼ䣬һֻѾǰƳֳɫȴ˵ζ˵ɫζȫ
̺ŷḻĵʣʷ֭
Ҳԥӷŵһߣֱ־ͽһֻץУ߾Ϳȥ
һȥ̺ı֭Һͳζ١
գζֻζܴݳֶصζ
һУо͸оζٶڱըʵ̫ˡ
ڶʳĴ̼£ûκγɣſھʹڴڵ̳ʣʵ̫ˣζתζ
֪УһֻѾ׳Ըɸɾһ˿˿ûУͷȫ飬̽ӡǹͷġ


081 
ܵգһѾ۶Ҫ͹ˮͲԾĴ֪˵ĶڷУÿһ˵ʳ
гʳĶ޲ԼԵһˡ
֭Ũɫۣζͣңÿһ̺ζȫͬģеζѾȫȵСʳ
ڳҲɵıĿ̾
ڵɱȴڼš

ԪԴԴϵڣѪУȻɱɳÿ䣬ܸܵ׳ڷӡ֪УȻﵽ
ﵽʱͻȻ両ֳһõıڱһۣͷһĶ𶯣Ѫд·ڶУõϴӣѪ⣬ȫ𶯡ڱУݳһޱȺص
Ѫ·ľȫڱСֻҪһܱ޾һʯͷֱƴɷĩϵƤĤһ΢ı⣬һĵ䵽ϣѴƤķ
ƤĤ̺һԶѰԡ
ڶǺɫġ
ĳ֣ڳѪе·һ˹ޣڱУãѪСΪһġ
ɫһһ۳ñһ壬ǱʮۺӦûʳϸԭڡҪȻͨʿﵽǧʱͿ۳ﵽһ
ʿı־ǿ۳ѪѪ۳Ķ
ԽǿȻеѪԽӵʢѪﵽһּ£ͻ۳һѪΪеѪȥ嶼޷ܡ
ͨͨ䡣
ɱѪʢѪѪ
ʿ־ŶľѪ۳ı
һڱǺɫġΪڶڶӦľ񺣾ʿڶһ񺣾һءȻеѹ񺣾һصκʿ
񺣾һأֵܵô
һײǾǳ׵ѹʿڶһʱǧҲѹ󲿷񺣾һʿӲҪ˵ŵԲֹǧ
ʿİԵ
ңѪҲʿͨĶ
һһ䣬ڴ󲿷ѪȫںڶУȻȻѪ⣬䲻ֻв֪ɢġԳκλá
û˭ܿ̽
ʿǲ¶͸ͨһѪǲģϵһָ
Щڶ̶̼䣬Ѿңе֮УԼ֮⣬ûκ֪
˭벻һʳ£Ϣ̤ʿżΪһʿ۳Ѫһſѹ׵ĵơ
أĳգȻ뻯ΪֹԹΪζʳлʳпأ¶ЦݣͷЦ˵صӰԺС
лǽףҵĳգȡԵģӡԸĽסοֶʳģûκγʦܾ⿳һʳغԥ˵
˵㻰ҳԵһپʳõµζܣЩʣµ⣬ǵģǿ޹ءǵȼ۽ס磬ûдڱˣҪԼѧ档
Ц˵Ƕһ䡣
ҴУȻŴա
ƺһʼͱҾĺܺãʹЩһѪĥ£˵ĥ»̫ˣûн̺ѪԳ׼ֻ֪ܱ˵ıûʶҪԼŬΪŬս
΢΢һ漴һ˿򡣰ԵͷеĿⶼòͬ
⻰Уֱ̺׵ĵ
Ҵƴܳ⣬ӡ
ͬһɱģƾԼʵģ˭ûȨȾָԣոܳԱȴֻܿţȴκָҲûʸָ
ִܶ˻˵˽ûеµΪ
û˸ô˵ڹ˶ԣӣҪģʳΪ죬ʳġ
˵ʵڣܽʣµǣܶѾм
ǺܳߵƷ
ںܶУ
ܶͬͬͷԭ޷ľ
ڻӲؼġ
аտʼˮڹзŽһ飬һͷڻϿʼҪ
̫࣬˭ԲȻԲǺһȺҲάģһÿ˶ܺһȵġ

峤ˡ

ڰʱͻȻһУһ˿𾴣һĨء
Ⱥзֳһ·
пȥֻһӣףһ߹һּΪǿҵϣһִֽϡңֻоʤ̣ܾǿҵȡ
òƽƣµĺۼ룬˫̺â
ʱлᶨ˲̤ơ
ҵƽĸף׳ʿɷһ˵ǰһۣ¶һĨ󿪿˵
Ȼԡ׵ͷԥĴӦ
ûгɣյĿУһ˵λá
֪Ҹý׳ʿǳƺΪ״峤ζĿп˵ȻʮƶѾķֵĿ϶ڽʱĳҲдһͬˣһƴ塣
ҽʱûݵ˼ƴȷʵġЦ˵˿ûһ㣬֮ǰǰûҪĴ㡣
ҵаȻˣλһկˡ
Ҫ˵ҵô
ԭƽغйشկ˵ϢҲѾ䵽ҵĶУھӵƿأ˫ҾǴߡկʲô飬ҲңлڴŪôĶһ粻˵
Ūᷢʳ
ֶҪ֪ѡ
ʹƽ󣬵֪е֣Ժжʱ͸ֳʶһ𡣵ȻҲǺȷֻ˵ǲ²⡣Ͼؼ䣬ͬͬյģ֪ж١δͬһˡ
ǰ󣬿еĵһۣȴżΪ̵ӡʶʳһ䡣


082 ҵ
û뵽лش𣬶ң˿϶Ĵ𰸡
ҵȴûȫţЩڵĻǣȴ˸ɴ˵ԼݣⷴЩɣЩȷ
Ͼǰķֵ֪Ŀɲ
ҪʲôðĻûа취ѶϢ£ֱûа취зֱ档
̹ʱЩɡ
״峤ԼĴկôͻȻĳҴ塣ѵ״峤ƴʲôʡҵĿֱӿУƺϿЩʲô
ҵƴͬɽСƬֵһˣ־ִܵιʵҪɽеԵ̽һ£û뵽ڴֺ󣬾ͷҴ塣ŽϾ塣磬ͬ࣬һ¡
кԥɫ˵
ȷʵУе඼Ѿɢڸ磬ʵ̫ˣ޷㣬ûа취㡣ȷ࣬ޣ壬Ҫࡣڸͬկһֵø˵顣
ÿһկٵĹͬ⣬Ǿ档
ƴ壬ľڸҴͬͬһɽСôͻȻ뿪կѵͲЩ޹﹥Ĵկ¾Ĵ񡣡
׼ɱ͸¶ѶϢе𾪣漴͸о뿪կΪȫһֲĴ١ʶһ˿ϲ
Ҵ壬ҹƴ赲޹ϮΪѪǻҰҾжûκԹԡĲáΪ峤Ȼ˲ߣΪӰ
ƴиֻʩѾȫ׵޹Ҳ׹ƣһΣգȻȼ̣⸽ҿٶȷءƴʵڶʱڱơŵ˵
ƴ壬ȫ󲿷˶ΪƽʱǴΣգͬƴɱǸŮܳͨ׳СҪΣʱ̣ǸŮɱСȫԱҲǿЦġȫĺô
ԭˡ
ҵ΢΢ͻеĿҲһ˿ת䡣жƴҲһ˿档
ҴڿƵپһٱԲϣƴȴֵܵ޹ܽƵĸַ£峤죬뿪ֱǲ
֪״峤οĳҴ塣
ҵһתѯʵ
ͬΪ峤ҲҪ֪ԼĴկпʲôۡ
滰ǼٻͻȻζЦЦ˵
ǾˣǽαȻϣ滰ҵ΢΢ü˵ˣԸֹĨǵ顣ݲð٣ˮݡҪˣҾ
ǺãҴ壬˵Ǵկ˵һӪأһȺ˾ۼһ𣬳Բů£Щ㣬˵ԡûΪܶ
ϴãȻδѾ̫ϣûϣ˾͸ʬûʲôǵǵķΧĴĴկҴ壬Զ
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һһ˵˿ûй˼ɵҵ档կ˵һǴ˵һ̾ͻ˶ǻҰ
ʲô˼
ҵɫһ䣬С
ԼΪŬ棬ƴȥȻԶ֮ʱոյޣѣȴû˷˶ȥÿһ˶Ϊܶ˭ûзԣнǿϢҾػЩˡ
к˵
˲Ϊ𣬱һ伫Ϊ˽ԣУֱӽ˼⣬һ¾ͱһ˼
ҵȴɫһáĿɨŴկеİա
˵ûˣĸûʲôסûСܶ˵϶Ƿ֮ɫЩ˵Ļ
Ҳһ˿
أ
ʱֻһкŽͻȻڴկлص
󽫾Ⱥˡһʿٿ񱼹ҵ
ߣȥҵɫһ䣬Ŀƿ󲽳ŴկſڸϹȥŽǣǾǳּΪ
ҵǿ첽ȥ
ڰĴаգһɫ䣬ЩѾǲ԰ֽĿⶼЩ㶡
ˣˣ޹ֿʼկˣô죬һξоǳУҿǿü˱ֱҧ˺Ƭǻ棬ֲ̫ˡ
ЩȺֱһȺͷ˻ڵһۣĶڲ
֪ܲܵסЩȺЩ죬ҾȺǰ˲أսûһʬġ̫ˡ
ҪҾסô죬Ҷġ
˷žڲ
ȺĿ־壬Ѿ뵽
ȻЩУҲЩµģд¶֮ɫҪȺƴɱͷֻǣȱôһ
뷨תǱ
ͷ֪Ծȣ뷨һʼʹˣУһʼͲ̫֮ġҪǿôկøǿһЩˣȴĥ³ѪԡҾʴȣʹ΢΢ҡͷнİա
Ҫ˲˸ƴҪ¡ҪʲôǶҪڲϣɿʳ
ûжЩͨ˵뷨
תŴկſȥ
Ա㣬ÿԻǣҵҪܽҾȵ̶ֳȵȺʲôаԷһૡ
ºɣһŴׯſȥ
ÿһǼΪĳȣᶨ

ڴկߣԿһʿɫصĿ棬סеıǱУȫıϡǵ־ҲʮּᶨͨʿѾŵˡǾľӲŻе־
֪ھ£ԥĳɱȥ
Ǻñ
пҲ¶һĨʿѵõľ
һ֧ӵǿľǵľ
ǵ־˼ᶨΪž꣬ǵľ֧ҵҾĴʼߡ
ǹַ֣׷ս档
ҵһףһǹ̤ڴڣ󣬺ȻƽҲһվ࣬Ҳ࣬һ꣬սףڴ󵶣Ǻ񱳴󵶣ܳг˸ߣУɷڣƮƮĸûзһһ֪ʲô̫ˡ
սÿһڶӦмʮأַõƮƮһˣѪʢҵ߸УӶһӦþӶ
йâһ˲両ֳһͷ


083 Х
ʷأҵҾΪγ˵ͣӣÿһǾнţϷƸÿһод󽫵츳ص㡣ʵģ츳ǿģǶӶ츳ǿ
鴿ֱֻҪĺãɳǾѵеһ
İƳԪԵȵȣⶼһаٵľ
ӶͬȻҲиߵ֣֮һʣ츳ѾԶˣųΪ󽫵ǱʿνǷ
ѪӴһĽǡ
аԵͷ
֣Ҳˡƽеĵ¶һĨºͣһк
Ž֪޻ۣ׼կԹ׵ͷ˵
֣ҶܣӶܣ֣СƽͿʼҲֵļΪƣҵûֱӽеݸǡ
Ҳʱ
Ǹнύľٶ˿ûֹϲּ̬
УȻֻǵһμ棬ǰ̸˿ûаӳң֮ǿɲ⣬һսܲɱôĴ㣬֪ս֮ǿѾԲ²һߡ
еݣʵΪá
ˣֻҪ;زۣƬһΪ֮ǰ˵ҴѾߵһƵľԼҲҪΪԼô㡣
״磬Ӷ߶ɾͿԡ˵һͷ޴㣬һûпԺҲһҪһֻ㡣
Ӷһ㶼ûʲôİľУԵüΪ顣лɱĴʮָȤ
佫ǿߣ׽
лġֻЦЦ˵
Ŀȴһ̣档
ֻҴ棬һͷͷ޴ľĶկÿһͷߴޱȣɢ˲һεľ¡һ˿˿ˮ¡۾͵ģѪĹâ
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ЩһֱڹկȺô
п治ϳֵȺҲ¶֮ɫ
ЩȺ̫࣬Ҳ֪Ǵðģ϶⸽ĲԭУտʼʱ࣬ΪֹѾԽԽࡣԴկɵҲԽԽ⻹Ǹոտʼ࣬ҪĻӦϡ
ƽһɫص˵
Щǵǿҵ˵
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Ҫ嶯Ѿûʵٴơֻһǧûս޷棬սȺǰҲҪη岻ǰЩǵٶȣֻҪ뿪կҴ壬ͻᱻȺ¾ǣֻбأ
ҵֱӺǳ
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ȺȻǼΪǿģң϶ƷޡһƷϼȻ츳ͨʲôҲǿԵѪ츳
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ǵĶǰһӡǣӦйءķ֣ǵĶǰһɫӡǣ˸ŵɫԡƺ»ת
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ϣֳһμء
ȻХǣѹҪںҹٺŻᷢ𹥻¹֮£Хǵʵֱܹӱ˵ıǡʵܷǡ

һںҹжԸЩȺǼֱΪ飬԰ǶԸȺʱ̡
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ҵ᲻֪˵ǰǰʵֻǣ޷Ĵϸֳԥ֮ɫҪžɱȥկȺ¡


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ĳȥЩǵΣжǿХǣеĶѪЦŽڱϵսìֱС
սì֣һǿ
ѾһƵɱĽ׶ΣҪٽɱ䣬Խǿ󣬶۵Խôľǣڵ꣬϶ͨǿ
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ǳзǳ֮٣ƴ֮ңܺᴩ֣ɱ㣬ϺˣӦòͨˣпʿҵһĨĿ⣬аԳ
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ڽҴ󣬴аһ󹦡ڵõʱҵӵȶǴϲϸۿȴ֣ҪѶ̫ˣƺһĹһѪû취ȥֻжӶƺ츳ܹȥ
һ͸ǿ
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˵ӶҵԼƽͨˡʿ
أ
ۼڴ⣬עŴկȺȻ˴Ӵгһ˲ɢһǿҵ֮ͷХǣ¶Ŀ⣬һֻۣϡ߳Ӱſڼ䣬췢һǺ
ȺӦͣ׷׷Ǻ
һͷǵȳԭؾֹʼܣûа㻺壬һٶȾʹﵽһ˾㤵ĵزټǾ޴ͣͺһڸʻ˲䳯ɱ
צĿ⡣
ǰ˲Ŵ
ɱ
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ûãͬǰʼ񱼣̤ڵϣ涼һ˿˿ѣͷڿԾ˲䣬ͻȻ¶ףսìǰбб̳
ۣ
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ǹңǹɳìݱġսìİһì˵ʮֵļ򵥣ɾôֱӣȴһͷǣһֶʱİգƿأʵ̫
УĻǡ
ڱϮУͻȻ¶ףսì̧бָգ̧һɲǣոպþǾڿԾ˲䣬սì͸ǾԼսìֱȥһǸǾԼɱ
Ƕʱսƿӳǿ
أ
ͷǲǸոտʼ棬ͷѾ׺ɱ
צԴβ͡ھУΪµɱǵĴſܽ˵Դֱȥ
ЩǣżΪǿսܣ໥Ĭޱȡ
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086 
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087 
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ɱãһĿ꣬ɱΪԼñѩޡУѾգӣֱĶϡ
ǳԼ񱼶ӰĿ쳣䡣

ʱһޱȷŭĹڴ
ǽУŷŭ塣
ֻǱĸۡǰȻһ˿ĿĵĴڿХǹȫëѾ䣬¶ĹƤƤЩ䣬һ黨һ׵ģ鲼ȫĲֻϣצĲλȴһȦɫëëܹ죬͸ʳžˣùëһ˿󣬲ɵһֶĸо
ȮߣȻһ˾С˿̣СѾڵϣ屻пնϡ˿ڣʮַȻ֮ǰ¡
Ȼ֪Ȯк֮Ĺϵһ֪ȮȻСкŲһĸ顣
ͨԣСкɱȮŭ
۾Х
죬Ƿŭ׺ݡ
ȮХȣϾһ־޴ĲࡣͬĶԱȡǳƵХУͬһ㣬ֻתͷɨһۣдһĹֻڿĿ󣬾ͻᱻŵſڵϣҶ
ȮͬȻǳԵĿһ㶼ûо£׺ݵһֻһţͿٵĳ˹ȥ
嶼ûתôŶȮһм̬
еĵˣС
һϰĶȮ
Ƕݵһֱ͡
Ȯ嵽һԾſҧʱХֻ̧ȣֱһ߳ȥȮû˵ǰͱһߵĵɳȥǶȮһѾ߷ɼʮԶײһϣﵱײ
ȮйŹ֡
һĻͬˣǶȮʱѾע⵽ӣʵ̫ˣҲ㲻٣ϡŹֵĶȮëϳëĹȮǵһοϣһֺܹŹֵĸо
ǣĿⶼûа취ǶȮסҷ𹥻
ͷȮν൱׶
ؼǣȮһ߷ɳȥʱۿǶȮϣǽϵëУɢһɫϢĲƵХϣڣһ۾ġ
ۣҲ
Ϊһ˿ԽӵĿ϶ǶȮԲͨĴ󹷡У϶йŹ֡
Ȼܲôࡣ
һ·Ϯ;Уսìһδλӳսìйעսì޼᲻ݣһͷͷǱҪһ·ǰУһ·ʬ
ѪУѾկ
֮ľ룬ڲС
ɱ
еսìͻȻʧһȻУͻȻڿһֹͣûаԥסһ£͵ս¡ֱָûһ˿ͣ٣Ѿƿշɳͬעž
ƿʱֻܿһ⻮
ͻȻһͫһʶһԱá
ʱһֹˡ


089 Ŀ
Ľ£һʯͷʯͷǲκģһƶʯͷԲģʯͷĴ£ͻȻһһĽţһ¾ԱƲһ¡
һƲƽʱȻûʲôϵģζһ¶ѡ
ڣȴڸƶҪһԱãµһƲ޴ǿĴ£Ҳûа취ƿԵڵϡ
ۣ
˺գԵ˲䣬ͺϣɫë˸⣬Ҫսסսͬâټϼ̺ǿ󶴴еĹǿȻûа취һľ׷ӳ
ƻɾˡ
ХҲ£˺ƿĴ̽ѪУųһ۵Ѫ֮ļ̽ڡ
أ
һʹĺУȴɻ𾪣Դô벻ףΪʲôԼͻȻ֮ˤǱһССʯͷƲġǰǲܷ顣ƫƫķˣʱٶȣԱܿġȴӲˤڵϣĻᶼûУôһмˡ
崫ʹŭǡ
һҪ
ٴӵ
һ˫۾дݳĺ⣬Ҫǰ˳׻ɱ˺ƬȻһڿڽ⣬ȫ̽ӣɽͣá
վûж
ԲͬһطΡ
ڶͷϣӡٴοʼ˸һŨɫ¹⡣µս֡
ãСƽɱпһۣһ䣬УСǿҪǿ̫࣬ٶȸ졣Ǵ˵еͨ
ǵһУƻʵ̫ǿˡӶҲе
У㾿жǿʵҵаԳУʼոо￴һʵ׽ǰΪֻìտû뵽ϻͨ
пϾ֪ͷ϶ҪʩչͨһʩչбٶȣҪܣᣬãޱȡ
ʩչܶ㣬ҪƽУֻǿбҵУҲҪֱӷ顣Ժпתͷ
Ȼ£δؾ޽⣬ԿӲУǽ֮׷飬ؼľǣܲܲ׽еĹ켣ж壬Ǿ͸̸ȥص⡣
һٴóһ׼ٴһ
ףɱˣеڶͨˡ
ǡɱͨ
׼ٴʱȴͻȻһ٣ϸֳһĨϲɫڶͨңһǿɱͨаͬκκǿߡ
ۡɱ
£ֻ˫бڰ⣬˲ǰΪһںڰɫļǼʮɣƽ·âƺʱὫǰֱӼơ
ϣһ׵衣
һһβڣͺڰ䡣
۽컯һС
ڼϲ±ãɢ֮
𣡣
Ϲâ˸˲仯Ϊһһףƿշɳͬһ޴ļ˹ȥٶʮ־ˡսϣаգȺҾĽĿ⿴˹ȥ¶벻֮ɫ
ʲôոճǰľһڰɫļϾͻһһǷ̫ͨ˼ˡ
ʩչ֪ͨܲܽͷɱ̫ˣҴ嶼Щˡ
쿴ҪǵµСͨܵס𡣡
ڼڲɣչ¶ʵһ˿ڴڴܽǴнȳȥڴܽնɱӴ֮ٵǻ
һĿתĶţȺƺֹͣ
ǰһʵʵɫµٴۣźâԼϯĺڰ׾и䣬һоҪȥ
磡
ڸոҪзȥʱͻȻ䣬кʲôһ粻Ĵ˳ȥһȥҪƫƫڴʱҲͬһʱ䷢ȥˣңڴʱ˿ûпƣô˳ȥ
зɳȥķ򣬺Ȼʮͷڵλá
ڵλȣ״ƫѼҡ
һ磬ֱ֮ʡ
Ĵ˲ͷ췭ظתиûնУһ̣ڰ׾ѾԾ˵ٶȻգ⡣
ڰ׾䡣һ䱬ķâֱ޵¡󣬺ڰ׾ȻȻɢա
ԶиǴӺ׼ľնȥʮͷ˲ͱնΡ
ԭأһֻ۾þ޴ޱȡ
ô£ôͻȻͨԼȺⲻǿЦɡ
ûиôܻվԭֱͨ
ԣոͷƺ˸硣Ȼǵоֱӷɳȥˣ䵽ȺУôùɡ
˷ǲŵɫ
ƺĸ磬ս֣˲䷢췭ظתһ̷ֳ
ɣôܷ£ΰɡӶɴ۾ǲ૵
꣡
һֻ̣ϰֱӴϵѪ˲Ⱦ档۾ʼնǵɴģĿУܿĿ
һ磬Хôˣ
벻ͨΪʲô硣ΪʲôʱͻȻһ硣
ôĪˡ
ģĿ
һ⣬ɺϣΣ;Բ⣬ǱȻҲǰһݣΣû뵽ġпܸոյᱻлû뵽վȻ˵߸Եı仯ɱжԷȻͻȻ硣
ʵսд磬ǲܷ飬ȴƫƫˡ϶ĳԭ
ѵ
Ժиֳһ档ĿⲻɿկС
أ
ХͻȻȺΪ֮һţһǺβͣͷӱȥУɢǿҵĿ־塣
Сǣȫ
Ⱥû죬˲ͱһɢɳӴܼһֱܡ
ȺߣսϵɱһӿʼɢֻǣʬɢսϡկУһƬƣȺĳеĽȫƻеİգͬ˲ءצ¡˵ģһĲҽ
鶼ڲ
ȺˣӮˣǻˡ
ˣȺˣӮˣ̫ˡ̫ˡ
ԺҲȺկˡ


090 ֮
УҴİտȺ׷ߺ϶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫſھͷһ󻶺ĺ·ҪеĿ־壬һֱѹȫйȥ
֪İĻУܵѹεȾ޴
ʱѹǵ񾭶ѹһ㡣
ȺˣңɱˣȺһɢɳǿԤ飬ּεɱУͬǲߣԼկֵȺΪȺȥͬһǿҵԺУһɵĸо
Ҵ潫ʿĿʿʬס
ҵǹڵϣǹ֧壬ϣԿܼ˿ڱ鲼ȫѾױצ˺Ƭͬð㴩ϡɫ԰ףѪѾ˸оҪ׻ʹȥһʹϵĴ
û°ɣҪҪȷȥϢӶǱȽϺõģͬǱˣСץϹ£Ǳ˺ٵ˿ڡ
ô󹦡һѪҵƽҪʢǿ󡣶ѪĿƣӾˣЩ˿ڣǿпֹסѪ޶ȵά
ã˵ĽʿͻشկЩˣˡҵܾվսϣһģҿ֧
վҪЩȥĽʿһ̡
Щְֽ̳ʿӽӿʼҾÿѵͬͬסһ±һδεɱУɾ񡣶Ҿеÿһʿĸ顣ܶˣܽеó֡ЩϤĽʿսɳеı˸ܹ⡣
ģվΪЩսĽʿ͡У
ǻȺѾˣԺٲγ˹ģȺƽųǹһߵҵԣһսʬĽʿǡͬеһ
ͳƳˣҾУսߣİʮ˴ˡɱľҲεǻ׽аյˣȴҪҾءǧսƽ˵
εʵ̫ˡ
ҾдеͨաءϾͨȥԿЩײеľǣҪضѡ
Х֪ôòóԡ
һ߽կУͷ޴ХǰűϵйâһһⲻǺܺóԡ
ҲҪƷ֣ХеļƷ˵ζ
㲻ԣһǱƤëǹͷⶼϵȵϣëɷʣëʾǼѵĲϡ
ԣҿΪƳ⿳һʳؾڸпзĻǰ˵
еĿ⼫Ϊȡ
Ŀбսͨе𺳾Բ٣ǿߡ
ҴУûܹУǿߣпܸõĻȥɣУһԵǿߡϸ룬õóֵģһտĳա
֮ǰӡոĻУѾһʱ϶оһʳʳҡԼգõͶ״
ãҵſĳա
Ҳɶ¶һĨЦݣصĳգǶ⼶ģȻԷʳѾĳգѾ뵽һּߵĲΡ
ʳܷ⣬ֻǵһƬлСп
ȻлСҵ϶ҲѾںϽ½УңжصĹ򣬱磬ʳܹâ⽫ж϶ʳһ׼
ʳǿž޴ĺôز˵Ҳ취ŪߣΪԼʳ
ڳ棬ԲԼ
һ֣Хʬ浽ռС
漴ûгɣ̧֮ǰͷȮײĴǰȥ
飡
дﵲǰž߹ȥǰϰȫߵһߣ̣ûͣ٣Ƭ̼䣬ͽֱ̮ȥ
ͷ£ֻצɫë⣬ҲûκëĶȮҲǰģȷʵû˻ϲǿһۣһϣֱŹ򡣾ԲжԸ࿴һۡ
ͷȮû
ûڱһŵ£ͬƵڴڴѪŻ˳ѪлһЩϸСƬϹͷѾֶѡſڵϣƺѾûа취ټ
ڿѹϵﱻῪǶȮڴ̧ۿһУоȻһǻ۰Ĺâǹԣʮǿҡ
ֻƺֹۡ
ڸоܶϣֻõǰȷǰţǰһƶŲķ룬ÿһζ̡ܶңƶʱеƣ϶ᴫʹܿڶ
ƶ϶ʹ
Ⲣûͣ£һִŵƶţš
ܵİտʱĿѾ۹ĿУоηгݣ𾴡Ƕǿߵעӡ
ڿоȻרȥֻȮʱһҲɵĽĿͷȮϡȮһǰŲӰܶ˵鲻ɵܵ
ΪܶѾ֣Ȯеķ򣬺ȻһѾСкλá
ǹֻǰǸһģոʱͷȮ׷𣬾ͽߣͷ
ҲǵãͷȮ棬Ӱ룬ʲôԵģֻһݣ˶ԲҪԣôѿһֻҲΪû뵽ôõĺӣȻôˡ
С̣Ϊëܶ˶˵⹷꣬ǹһ׼ûк£ǰˣƺˡжģбȺɱġ
⹷϶ǲ꣬õĺӣôĪˡֻĹ
͹ĸ鿴ȴġ⹷ֻ»ˡҪڹߡ
һЩյȮżļɵǿȮʱʶԶĵطܿմȾʲô֮Īȥ
ҴҲ൱ĳ
ֻеǶû˸׿
Ȯһ㳯ŹʬȥḶ́ȴǳԵģ鶼𶯣־ִţûһִ޷ġ
ţ
пǰ̤һ
ȥһ֮ʶסУڴ˵
ȮƺתͷһУҲһء󣬼ǰš
һ磡
磡
磡
һѪۡǴѪ


091 ëë
ȮʼûֹͣһδεǰŲÿŲеĹٴηµľʹûͣ£˫۾һֱǰǾ߱ʬϡ
ÿŲһ磬Χŵİոеһַе
ִţּᶨֲ
Ǳ˻ҪӵĸС
أԼǷ
ܶ˵ϣ¶𺳣Ƿ֣ԼȻһ
ʱ·һʧȥ壬һ˫˫Ŀע£Ȯǹʬǰ忿ſڵϣͷ򹷵Ѿһ۹Ŀ⣬˻Ҫӣ󣬾ô۾ƺڵȴĵ
һȮ
һߵ˵
˶ȮǵĿ⣬ԵĿ⣬Ȼ඼ѷɫԲ²⣬Ȯǻۣ֮ܲ£ǻۣԡ
ȮûܵĿ⣬ҲûΧࡣ
ſڹʬϣģͬ䣬һ
ԺлԼһ
ǵãѾܴˣǰֻһֻҰһʼһ£ĹһʳĹУҰΧסʳҧıˣ󣬸ιһ̣ôȥˡûйչ˵¡
òҶԡ
Сû취ͬʳģǳʺһܳԵĶÿ춼жӵʱ򡣹úܼѣˣˣң澳гɳñͬҪ
һЩͿʼׯҹ͵͵ũеļѼҧ߳Եÿζ֣ҹңɱЩѼʱֱӳŲҧȥЩѼˡתߡңԲͬһ֡
ǶӣԵĺܱ
ܳԱңзḻӪ̵ʱڣøǿ׳ͬӽ׳
ʱĵһ£ǽǰΧ˹ҰͨͨҧңǵʬҲԵһֻʵĶȮ˭۸ҪԵǣŪǡ
ʱպգֹСޡ
Уɹʮ¡
Ȼˣеķܶ飬еҲøӴҰں̵ܶʱȴʼջš
ҰеĴ档
ҪʲôͻҰʳ͵ǰá
ǣܹ¶
Щ̫ˣûа취һֹ¶ֳԽͨҰǻۣͬУͬȺһ
⣬ҰСǻҰ
ⷢˡ
֣ͻȻ䣬ͱˣȫһˡ
ԼҲһĵطؼϢýȻͬˡһȺ䵽һܻкö޹о棬Լʱȥ
뿪ࡣ
ʱһǶ͸һͷѾùɫëʮֹŹ֣ȴɢûа취ܵζʱ֪ô¡һͺԥĳȥǸȥ
ȥͺˡ
ǳëĹŹֶһ̽ȥͿʼȫʹϷȻͿ־ķ֣ԼһëȻʼ䣬䣬ûãͱȫͺͺģһ˿ëûˡͺë
һ̣о춼ˡ
ңΧٿϾͱֵļΪһ
һСкȴûоΨһʳֳ룬һݸһԼԡʳ٣һСԲҪֳ룬ӲԱһСʳȴģ˲ů
Ϊ꣬ǹ
û˭Ҵֻǿá
Ϊ࣬ЩĪˣĪгԶʳֱҭġɱڹеġ·ֱˤԴײڼϣġĺ֡϶ġҲ֪ô¡
ֻǣֻצϣʼɫĹëԭȵëȫͬ
Щ˻ΪԼ
죬ˡ
һֻĹ
С̡
Ȯſڹߣĸţϣһֻùڹߣ˵±ӣܻһ

벻ȥ
ڶȮ׼ȴʱͻȻ䣬һڶ۾˿һۣв֪ʱѾԡ󣬾Ҫ۾±պ
֪ɱģԼӷŪġңĿû񡣵ڲӦֻ밲
ܴܿĳöĻ
ģ磬ֻصģֻ֮ءתѵȥҵת
л˵ȮĿʡ
ȮҪϵ۾һӾٴУ֪еĴ˵ŵģҲʼԾ
ǰˣֻأʲô֪ˣҪǻţ˵Ժҵתоڵڲϵʧ
ر𣬻ȥδܾʡ
ǾѡȥͿԼҪȥˮˡ
óһֻˮ룬װһˮôڶȮǰҪҪȣͿԼѡˮȮƣȥԲ϶סر
ɱżĹ͡
Щûٶ˵ʲô
ڴڣƽҵѾʿĲ£شС
֣ҴҴԮֻ֣֣ҾĴգȺ֮¡̫£ûĶ֣ϣ϶ƽϿҵĳйл
æǰסûȥ
ϵƣһ㶼ᡣ
ûʲôлģϾҲ壬ҲҴУޱǵжԣֲУЩҪɱңҲ־ܡ
Ц˵һЩ˱ҩ˿ڣڷڸˡҴĲ࣬ҪʡһЩҿ˵Ľʿ١ԽԽá
ʱһ֣һֻˮˮͰǰ
֮ǰװģռУΪԷһΪˣд󲿷ֵľˮͿա⾮ˮÿһζܼӿ˿ϡֹѪÿһζǱҩڡǾıҩ
ñӴˮͰеһ͵ҵǰϵƣѾΪء
ҵԴˣûκγɣſںһСڡһȥ͸оڵ˲õᣬڸдľʹʼʧΪ֮һ
ȡһˮһ˿ϡ
ǵˮ˿ϣһϢ˿ۿɼٶϣ£ȻûȫָȴѾ˿ڲѪ


092 
˿ϣֳһ㵭Ĺ⻪⵭Ĺ⻪У˿ȻȻϣ·õĳصṇ̀棬ʲôҩû취ȡֱˣһԱȵʸûС񼣰ıҩ»γɵ֮
˿ھȻˣˮܾıҩ
ҵܵˮи𺳣챦ǰͲܿģǰ磬ǻʵ۶Ϊ֮һеŪ֡ҩ
˼飬ؼ仹ôˮ̫ˣҩƽҲ¶ϲ֮ɫƣ㲻Ͽ϶°ˣԺضһΪ鷳顣ЩطѪⶼ˺Ŀġ
ЩˮͿԺĽϡֹ̣ԶĻָҪϲ֪ٱǱ˺ȥѪⶼ̵ʱϣ³
ȱҽҩˮڣܶ౾Ҫʿգ̺壬ʵ̫ˡ
״峤£ĳл
ҵ¶ɫصĳ΢΢л
л⣬ǳĳģûκĿڵģֻǴĸм
̫ˣⲻӦģ룬ֻҪ࣬ԹۡУ໥֣ȥ
æҵ
лһҪлġһ£Ҫи״峤ҵ˵
˵ֻҪģǾͲƴǡеͷ˵
ϣ״峤ܽǰЩաҵ˵һ𾪵ĻƽҲеһȣ飬̫ͻȻ޷Ӧ
ΪʲôҴ岻ѾסȺѾɢҲɱڶʱڣԲٳ˴ǻȫлկʱʵѾ˲²⣬л˵
֮ǰ˵Ļ˵ûִһӪһҪһ棬ؽ԰̫ƽʱĳУȴܣҪаճԱů£Ѿġˣ罫Щи棬ٴӵȶ԰С
ˣĪ
ҵһһ˵Ѿ͸¶һּᶨһ㣬Բٸġ
Ѿ֪һ£ѾڣկѾƣ٣ָܹҪʱ䶼̫ؼǣЩ죬Ȼ֪أУռȴࡣ
ΪڴկеİȻ࣬ȴûİԲůͬһĲˡ
ڿкٴθоԼƺĲʺϳΪһ֮
ôеİհҵҵԸһ֮ԸҴ壬ʹսᣬսܸǴС
Уҵ뵽ѡ
ԼĶӣƽӶĲϣֹ飬϶Ūãвͽƴ壬ôеĴ񰲾ҵ޶ֵܹΪ峤߶Щ¶оӪկǿһ
иУõѡ
ǲٿһ£ȻˣⱾҴĿģǿһ䣬Ͼ಻̫ѿ
ãҿǵĺ
ҵϵ˵תͷͶܵĴգΧİȻעϣǽ̸ĻһЩ
λ׸ϣһλƴĴ峤Сƴ壬⸽ǲԶ
ĳܣܸǴÿյ£˶ʵҵѰÿÿ˯оѡ˼ûΪҽ𰲶԰ҵ񣬸ð˾޴ʧҵѡ
˵䣬ҵҲ¶֮ɫĵĸܡ
ⲻ£ҪǾۼһҾܲıǣ£ǴҶѾЩ޹Сﻹܻڡа϶˵
ǰԭ̫ΣˣǹҪҾˡҪ𡣡
˸ź
ҵԴаյΪȻ˿ˣֻһС˱ѾǺܲοҵҾѪɱĻ棬ĿáȺУƴɱҾսС
Щ棬Ŀ
лλףѾˣţ״峤Ĵ£ҿ϶ƴУøãõҪԺϣûСҴˡ
ҵɫҲЩһ˿ǷϣϾҴ壬һֽģŽģ̺ͬŨĸ飬ϣû뵽ջûܹȥߵиǸӡž˵Ĺ
п֪ҵѾԼļޣһȻǰ̤һ
һд׷׽Ŀϡ
ڴãȻҲϣоɡ
֮ǰֻһǿʵڲ֪оȻһկˡңҵҴĴȫи
к棬оηڴ
λףҵݣҶӦѾ֪ҵƴƬֵһˣͬƬɽ֮УȻиңУҲʹѡƴ壬ȷʵҪҡƴ壬ûм֡
еģֻһͬ԰飬еģֻһԿޣѵ
һ˵ػ˴ңһˣҲɱе޹
ǿԣ
еĻﲢֻ˵ӣ棬ȴ̺һκ˶ܸܵõϡÿһ仰ôգĺ棬Ҳö⻰ȴ֪жǵİšܿԼδʲôġ
ԣĺ棬С
һֳ嶯һԼӵĸо
޷ػңҷػÿһˣҿԸңԼػԼһô˶лΪʿгԽͨ˵ôңӵػʵ˲Ϊϣ˶ΪԼܶϣң˶ǿϢ
д³лص
ʱõʱǰδеļԪ
ûһ磬ÿ˶ĻᣬгΪʿĻиҸҲԸǸ˻ᣬŬǾĸˣҲֵͬ顣
УаҲɵľһκˡԭȵۣԭȵ֪еⷬУױ߸


093 
иһƬȡ
пģǵʵ̫ˡУȻ˶˶ܵõǿǴ˵ܳԽ׵;Ϊʿ˶ӵӵиǿֿܣ˵۾Ϊ֮
䡣ûܾܾʵĿ
вܸǾԵıӣսȥ޲ɱȥΪԼȡʳȡԴԵģġҪԼŬȴᡣ
ֻƾһ㣬ûκܹܾͨ
ٹΣܵΣˣʵĿܾ͸ӵǿңͺˮߣץһһ
ֻҪлᣬû˻
оֱ͸¶ǰƴ壬˿ԻȡΪʿ
Ȼһôܣѵƴ˶˱ôὫǣһӵеġ
ҵͫҲ΢΢һ¶֮ɫ
ҴжûһʺĹ֪о磬޷ֻܼǹΨһһ幦ֻʺӶ֪󣬾Բеôձ飬˭ӵС
йһУס±˸֪ĵزҪ־ٶдǵˡȣ˾塣
ƴ徹Ȼйޡ
ƽ۾ҲˣۼӶʵ󹦡ͻͽһӾˣ֪ʿ飬ǿͱøǿҡйңǲʾ˵ģһʱ䲻һ˿뷨
ܵҾʿ󣬶ˡ
ˣʵڱǿĿԶͨҪĸӵǿҡ
ܸܵʵǿĸı䡣ǸǿΪǾв
ЩնһΪʿǱñǶҪǿ˭˭ȫһ˵
ΪˣҪ䵽ձĵزǾԻҿʯͷֱײˡ
̫ˡ
Ŀ𣬸˵еЩʿһܹӵͨݵءѵҲԡ
ƴ壬ƴһֲѡẦǵġ
ܶѾǰƴżҴѾɷ棬ңҵѾûؽǰƴ壬ѾǱȻ顣еģֻڴ
Ըǰƴ壬ҲģΪġԥվ˳ϵ˵
ĸ棬ֳתۣȻǺԥľͽץס
´ʧĻᡣ
ҲԸƴ塣
ǰǡ
Ҳ׷׿˵
ڼƴ岢ûʲô֮ġ
ҴȻǣȴûиհҴ屻٣ҵǽ׿иУȻ˭ûжԥѡƴ塣
һʱ䣬ӦƼ
жЦŻӦͷӦ
תҵһϣܴҾһǰƴ壬ͬһðհҵԷܲϢ԰ƴ壬Ҫ˧һػЩлȥõĻȥ
УޱȳϿֿĶҵҾ롣
ҾսĿãңصģսЩʿӵеǹɾ˵־Уɺη壬ٵʱӳеĳǹĸ־ľ˽ʿֻҪõ֮
̵ʱڳɳ
һΪʿ֧ӵսᷢ췭ظɱ䡣
ʱ֧ӱȻΪػƴʵĺܡ
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˵ĶԣҴѾˣҲиƴ壬ԺҲûȥĵطһֵĴկüػաƽתһͷ漴ͿȰ
˵ƴпԵõйѾǰƴһ˿ڴ
Щ޹ʱ֪ûʵǴ粽еġ
ǰǾѾ״Ĵկɡ벻Ҫðհҵ״ʵ֡ӶҲͬ
ҴˣҾҲû˹鴦ƴھеĺܶཫʿңиóˮıúܶཫʿƵлֶ飬ͬУеûʲô֮ġ
ˣô벻յġ
״峤ԺҵµҾҪൣˡҵһһݼ
ҲţҵѾǰƴ塣ϾлеǣûаսиУвȫġ
ڰƯ˭˵
̫ˣƴ룬ؽ绢ʵĵ̣صկͿѡѪɷһžйսɷԽǿٶȾԽ죬ʱһʵȻͻͽ
ҾеĽʿҲʵǡĸǿ
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ǻܵ
ԳϣȻԳϻ֮
ڹ˵Ʒ£ԶִҪΡ
ڽʿһݼ״峤ҵͷҾʿк
״峤
Ҿʿͬʱݼ
Ѿǳȷݡ

ʱһ󹷽
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ǹʬߣֻǰ׼ĿĶȮſڽǰˮһڽһڵĺȥֱȫĸɸɾ
ˮЧȻ൱˵ġ
ֻſڵϵĶȮȻվڵƺѾõ˵ĻָϵĹͷϡҲ֪Ǿˮ棬Ȯӵе£ϵѾָ롣
ҡ
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ȮĹУͻȻ׵ļһ˵Ȼǲġһ㣬ȮҲͣ¶֮ɫ
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ѵҵĶҲˣô˵ģֻ֣ˡ
Ҿֻ֪϶ڹȻûдȻ˵ֻȮ
ܵİҲ¶һĴ֮ɫ漴ͷɿܱÿĿȮĿ⣬͸ûʲô
ûɢߡ
ޣǵӡ
ֻȻܿ˵ҲµûȻ򵥡
йâһɲԼǳֻֻȷʵ³ԡԿ϶ӦǶȮԼı仯һˮûи趯˵


094 ̻
֮ǰڶȮðɫܹ죬ЩϣȻͽӶĳ⣬Ǳܷ⣬ŹֵĳˣԵĿĪģֱе
ңϲƵûˣʧˡ
ڿȻ档
ˮ˵ԣȴƫƫңϵƣԾ˵ٶɢָ
Ż
ȮͻȻſһ£һϸСĹͷӿֱ˳
ǣ
пԺ˲両ֳһͷ
ûа취˵ģΪǵĺһǣʱûκӰģɤ޷ת䣬ԣһԣ޶ѿ˵ܽڵḷֱ́Ҫǿһǻۡ
ʿΪܹ˵ⴴһĵҩΪǵרڵĺǣԿԡǵںܶޣ޶ԣǼΪıҪһζҩǲݡ
ڣȮûгԹǵȴ³һͷƺڵĺǡ
ѵһŽڵĺǸ߶ˡԺиֳһ²⡣Ⲣûпܵ顣
вٵĶޣΪڵĺǶѣǰõ˵ڶȮ³ǣȻпܾǺǡ
ҡ˵ˡ
ȮЩ㶳ɵ૵
˵˻ˣ̫ˣĿ˵ˡ
ҹȻǹеĻߣĹ飬ܿ˵ԡҹȻš
ԣҪֹ֣еţߣڻ˵ǾһҪһ֡Ҫһ˵ȥֵ֡
ȮһȷԼ˵¶һǿҵȤ˷ܣϵ³һ仰տʼЩͣԽ˵ԽԽ˳ңһڣ͸ǿբĺˮһһڣͱûûˡ
ȡ֣С̡ǹеߣôܽôûƵ֡С̲С
룬ȡҲӵǹеߣС̣ʣ̹ʣ̻ʡ
ֲ̻ʣ̻ʣãԺҾͽ̻ʡ̻ʡ
Ȯ췢һχNɪһ¡ԵúǸˡ
Լµֺǿġ
һ£ҪȥģƣŲôԳߵݣһǻۡ
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̻ʣһֻҲҳƻʡʲô
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⹷ǲǻ밡
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ͬһĻû뵽⹷Ȼ˵һ档ոջ˵Ͼž˵һѣԼ˸ֱ֡⡣
У֮ǰɱͷ׷ǣˣˮȣ̻ʻסġԺҿ϶ᱨġ
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һ˵֮ҪǹģĸģҲǹҵθڣҪҵģ϶ǹˣһҪװۡòҪǹеĹ̻ʵݵλϹĹ
ҲУҲУҪôźãǾԲģһҪ취ҪȻҿ϶Բã˯áҵë϶Ӱ죬Ӱ̫ˣҵë̫ˣҪëɫëǹжһ޶ġҾǹʡ
̻ǰ̧ͷһۺϾͿʼ˵
һڣûиκβĻᣬϾһžĻͣ
Уһ̣Ҳˡ̻ʿ˵ĻԺо͸ֻӬҽҷɡɫһѿ
ôû뵽Ļ룬˶ӡ
һȣҲҪ㱨𡣲Ǿ֮Ͷѣ㣬Ҳǿ˵ҳϡкò׿ڲһ仰˵
ˣԣ֮ǰ˵ֻصģġˣĻֻɲƭҡҪƭңֱһȡ
̻ϾͶУ˵ֻ֪֪صʲôط᲻Ͷ̥ˡ˵Ͷ̥Ǹһֻس˵ģпܱʯͷľѼʲôġ
ʵϣֻسɹǹ壬ǹеĻʣչˣҲɹʣһеĻߣߡ
ãҲ֪ôģ˵ˡǿ϶ҪͶ̥
Ҫôҵת֪ʲôҵһҪùˣΪˡΪԷҪõģõġסõġ
ˣҲ֪Ͷ̥ŮǹĻĸġ
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ңһ˵ϾͳԼ˼Сиûû˵˵ʲô˵ʲôٶȻܿ죬޷Ľȥ
ͺըը
ڲϳƤ
ҵƽ޶ǲԾ˿ʲôʱ˹ȥĶ֪ϵıܿĳոǵĸܣҲԺòȥ̻ʵĿⶼԾĴһ˿־塣
ڶоԺ˽С
ұ죡
ǳ˼ΣſڷһϺȣֱӴ̻ϵĻ
ڣҴһȥڲ˵һǿнڷѹȥԼһŽֱֻ
̧̻۾޹ĿС
ѵ˵Ҳ
ţһҪڡ

ڣͿһڰɫѾƾճ֣ǰδеٶȣ˲̻ǰٵĽ̻ʵŲڣ
ֻܷصĽ
񣬸޹ˡ

һ¶һ˿ɵɫ
£ߣ徲ˡ
һĻܵİգҲʶ³һǽѵɫ˻Ƶϵ˵ǼֱһֵĥټȥѾ׼ֱøԼԴֱȥȥã޾˵
ҵӶ¶һ˿ɵɫ
̻ʵ񣬴ſ־塣
æһ£ǾһŴգӴдȥƴ塣гһ


095 һӪ
û̻ڶੲݵ˲͸о˵ãָоǰδеǿҡûо̻ʺըǰָоǸûеġڲ֪Ƕôѵãôõ顣ʵһߵܡ
֮ǰôû뵽һڻãһھȻǸ룬˻룬ֲ顣
ոһŽĳ嶯
Ҫǻһ˿ǣõľͲֱӼ
Ҳûз֣̻סʱ򣬴ϣƮһɫϢԼڡŨٶҲܿ죬жûвѾڣʧ
ãЩˮʿʹϵãȻָһЩϢһϣɫѾˣҪǨƵĻʵ̫Σաҵ˵
ǵĺܵϢһϣţȺܣӦûøʱһֻҪ΢עһ£Ӧòʲô⡣Ҳͷͬ
ڲʺڴУ˭֪ʲô
һ˻£ǣ˶İһȥ治ұ֤ܻŵִƴж١
סһѾǲܸı顣
ƽӶЩˮָ˵ĽʿգȽƻָȶסס˵صʹáҵٷԸ
ƽҲϵȥ졣
Щ飬ѾǼ졣ʮ
ܶ˵Ľʿգˮ£ϣָƣֻ棬ʮ档
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ÿһ϶¶˷֮ɫ֮ǰûи˴̫ıˣһ˴˲࣬ϵرԭİˣû飬սҲֻһ˸У̫á
ǻҪţõĻȥ
ӣǾ顣
ܶ˴ӵִ翪ʼûкúõĳԹһٱ͡ÿԳԶٺõġǺöܲ࣬衣澫
Ȼк֣ܶԷҲкܶ֡ޣ⣬еķ
ҪҪҸһʳ֮ǰСǵʬ壬Ƕʳģȫ⿳ϳ˵ʳСǵʬѾˡ
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صĻ֮ǰԹʳζѾʼڳĿˮҺʳĿٴαǳ극ʱХǵ⣬ǺֵڴĶʳġ
ͷХѰǣʿ϶ġ׼ͷ⣬һŹƬԺյַ⿳һݺƬ
ϣζģġֻҪ⿺ãǾζ׼ģǷΣһķƬ
˵ʳʱʱͱϲַޱȣſھڿʳʱѾԺݺҪã⿳ʳ
Ҫղܵʳ
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ǰȥæµ׼⿵ĸֹߣϡóһƿˮˮεɱУҲܵСˣˮԻָơ
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Сġ
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ȷʵǲ֮
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˿̣ɽ档
һ޴ľӪ
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дսۼһ࣬ÿһƥԵüΪľ׳ⲻͨս϶һ׺
ӪУһװıĴѲӡ
䵶ϴƤͷҲǧٹ֣ңܿҰһĿҲЯżһ塣ЩһǾսʿ
ӪУԿͨձžۼһ٣Իĵ׻ѪЩˣһ𣬻ڷ¶־֮ɫС


096 
Ⱥ²ܿź˵·׻ķɫʮӴϸȥֻвºüˣ׳ӣһʿűӣܷľӪءֻҪ΢һЩϾͻбӳȥѪģ
һҽӪлص
Щ棬򱻾ۼһ𣬲ʱиŮʿǿдߣһӪУ洫ҽſĴЦϢɵһַĵ׵Ŀ־塣
һŮӣɫ԰ף־嵽¡

ߣõĶôˣʬȥ˳ԵӪеʳˣĹ̫ЩҲӡ
У̫ƣͣһӳĵرЩʿ˿ûκͬ飬еֻһֱĮӡˣʬҲܷŹ
Щ򣬿Ե
Ѿ̽ΧѰһɽȣɽȣйĲԭݣ޴ĺķءǽΰĴū۹õλáҵɽȡҵǰ·ߡдӪ߳
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ӪУ֮УһŮӣ͵͵£ӵڳ࣬СϣĨȥһ⣬Ҳ̶õģ׵һķѾͷֻֻ۾ԵóԡԼСĵһȺС
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˿̣УһƤƳɵƤףǰľͷëͷ࣬ϴһѪòд׺
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ھϣˮ㵴
һƬĻھϡ
ڹžϣȻֳһƬԭԭݷ֣ˮҰڿ񱼣Ⱥ׷зӥհ衣һ糤ĺᴩɽԭ޾һۿȥͬеʥأΪķ֮
ھУĸֳľƺŵݵķ㡣
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ְסŮӵͷ­ͦʱͽŮһץϣϵ·˲䱻˺Ƭѹȥͷײ
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ܶѾʼ⣬໥̸ţԼǰƴ壬̸Լڴ㽣ԼԺΪʿʲôľ
һ϶Цݡ
Ƕδ㽡
ϣ
ڣѾʼ⿡
һŹ
ǹ̫ӲأǷ˺ôľŽЩͷŪãͷ̫ӲͲʺпȴа취Ըõ̵һͷףһϸСĿ׶ЩڰʱܽǹͷеĹ辫һİ
ͷУζġ
Щ׶ù賹͸õϸϵζ׵УùøӵζӵۿɿڡʱֻҪסͷſһ
һ£һڹͷеĹ裬ͻȫСζ϶
Хǵⶼб⡣ʣǾӨ͸ģɢһɾӨı⡣ÿһϸǼΪ̺ڵӴѪѪС
صǽп飬ÿһ鶼ǳΣʳָĴָÿһĴСȫͬԾտĵϻһϸСпڣ֭ζܹ͸֮С
ʱֱһ־ܡ
ַ뻯ǽõ¡Ƕĵͬʳĵζӵ¡˲ߵܡ
ܶ˿⿵Ḷ́һǿҵʳ
Χٰ֪͵͵ʿˮ
Хһʮǿ⿵ʱ򣬶ܿڹתáȴûгɢصַÿһС
λð㡣
ʱ䶼֪ȥá
һݷʳѾ˵ªʯϡ
ʯгģƷʳôûΡ
״峤ĸĳҲƷЩʳᷢʳ⻹ĳûгԹʳҵҲʯϣǰסʳҲ¶ڴ֮ɫ
֮ǰгԹһʱĿˮҲ͵͵˼ڡ
ʦĳȻǷͬ죬Хǵ⿳ʳҿڴЩˡƽЦǺǵ˵
״磬쿪ʼɣҵĶӶڽˡӶʿˮдѾȲˡ
ãǿʼɡ
бǸӿڵʳϸڷݳļС
ЦݵĽһֻֽҿ
ҿɲǣһ͵ĹâԴԴϵų
ǹâУƺһڳá
ȻʳĻᷢ⣬𺳵󣬼ֱǲ˼顣ƽ£о·¹֮¡
Ŀ
СһƷǹ
شɰӷֱʢһ
пǰĹҲ¶⡣
Ө񣬺ɫңУȻֳһСС£еһĹͷУȴͬС
˲ƻ
ңһȻȻɢݶУģƺܵһϴӣԾıеȫʧ
ǰֻ
ӣҨһףŽС
ʱһĸоζУȻȻȫɢȥ


097 
һ¹㸧οġеëױ򿪣θڴ󿪣泩Ȼȴ塣бĿÿһëױ򿪣ÿһѪڻڣȻȻٴοʼܵԪһõĺڶ΢΢𶯡
ʢѪԴԴϵڶУڶƺʼʵתڵȻȻӡңӵٶȲ
ǸͷߣŹͷϸСĿ׶ſһһڹͷеĹ裬ͬӨĹһֱ˳ſ׶У֭УһϢһֶصˬͬ¹䣬ȴһ˿˿ȡ
ڼĸоһţζ
һǻζҴûгԹζʦգǾˡҵҲ¶һֳɫ
ǴûƷʳζ٣ģȫĵܡ˳У
ԵڶʳƬ
繷⣬ֲڣңζǵûЩȱ㣬ӨԣҽƬÿһƬֽٷУͼ忾ĸϵףƬ֭ƬУ֭޿ɬһ󻬷Ʒ
ضһʳܵ
֣һƬƬӨƬǰЩƬͲǺնɣƺζ
ζϵʳ
һݷʳǰÿһյչ֣ÿһǻᷢʳȥһּµܡҵǣҲǳ׳С
ԣ޷ѵһֱܡ
һ͸ԣ벻˹ϵ
һټµʳܺڵڷǣÿ䣬кԪѪУÿһУѪܶȣڲѹϵĵӡøǿɸ
ʳȫתʳеľ˫Ѷϣܿʳ㣬ܿҰݡ㣬ԼХǵӰ任ֳһ˿졣
ӴľХǱ⿳ʳʳ̺ڵѪ⾫ǰŲڻƽƷսһѪСȥҵǴ󲹡ټ϶ʳϸĴ̼ʳľյĲԪʳϸ׳ѪеӴȻޣԶ󲹡
иܵʳдݳӴԺпٸֳһͷ
ֳԣֱӶХǵһ
ĺôԴ󵽾ˡ
Ҳ˵޵⣬ܴѪлȡӴõ޵һټʳʳϸգ׳һ
ȣҸоڷ̡ӶҴܡƽͻȻһϳһ˿졣
Щʳ̺Ӵͨ˳һ˲һǴ󲹣һܲסǾ鲻ܲϿ䣬ǹڵľҵͬеڴݳһӴ֪ʳ̺ΪӴľ
˲֥ҪѷɫǴ󲹡뾡ܱɶĲ棬ô
ҵƽԥľǹǹ
ǹд󿪴ϣաǹУݳһǿҵѪϢͬ޾ɳ֮ڡǧݺᡣ
ϣܿһɹϴðγһˮ

Ӷͬȡ
ߵյϣȴǹһһ׹ŹֵĶ
һʼԵʮֹ졣
һʩչŵ̬ȴûе£ڰգȻһֳֻͷصҡڡֹ̣ʮֹ죬Ѷ֮󣬾֮ˣϵľʼһķʽա
ţ˫˫ͬʱڵϡ͸ǶһפڵϡȴɢһޱȻϢһѹԵתĵϢ
УȴоӶ·һ̣һֻµޣһ鼡ڲӿͬ㴩Ƥϣһ˿˿⡣
ȭȭΪһ壬һ幦
һ߸ڲһҲϸĹۿӶʩչһ׹ŹȭȭʮأÿһʽʮֹŹ֣ң·ڣӦû׵Ĺת֮
ÿٶȡ
ڸտʼӶɫзһޱȣ幦תɫҲڿٵĻָٶȣҵҪ̫ࡣ
ңڵľ룬ҵǣȴкܴһֱ֣ɢ˷ѵû幦Ҳûֻƾǹ屻վЧʮֵͣңõĺôСԶӶ
ǧȻǧﵽһǧХ̺ľȻˣ⻹ĸһֳԡ򣬵õĺôӦø˵һﵽڶľ硣
׻ָƽʱǿںڶø֡ɢڵĹΡ
ںڶ̺ѪӴ
󲹣Ǵ󲹰ҸоøǿѾͻˣΪһʿڻ۳һںڶڶһﵽǧ
ӶͻȻһЦо䡣һѪôȻȻϵϢøͨһǱž˵
⣬ĿԴ
ҵϵĺҲɢˣյƣʧȥѪҺ·һ̳׻ָȡ
Ӷֵܸոƺ幦׼ʿĵ·ЦſӶ˵
ҵͫʶһУڷĿʼ峺ûҲ׵ͷ֮ǰõһ幦󹦡ʿϧУֻж츳ҺʹֻҪ͸о絶̡ʹ̣޷ֻжܹܵסܴȭֻһʿĵ·
幦䲻֪ԿϲƴндӦò幦ʲôõͷǿȡӦòڡ
Ҳʹ󷽷˵˳
ȻҲ֪幦ı֮Ż롣
幦Ҫ츳ܽҪȻҪΪǿ־ڵľ޴ʹܼʿʮּķѵԴͬʮӴ󡣵սʿһָġͬУǿһ֡Ӷֵܼȥ϶ܳΪһѵеľ󽫡
׵ͷ˵ʿһɳĪеǿߡ
ڡ󹦡ȻĿã幦ڲûпţŹ綼ԼС


098 񺣾
֣幦ֵΣΡƽͻȻѯʵ
幦ϡ٣żȻߣ̫ʹ࣬ʺˣҲҪ絶ʹܼ࣬ȥĲࡣͬУȴսǿ࣬ңʺֻҪŬնлΪʿ츳ɾ͸ߵ͵Ĳѡ
ƽ˵Լ˵˳
ҵҾֻҪƴ壬ǾͱȻΪԼµĴ󽫡Щ綼֪ңӶǾսĲϡ
ʿƴԣž޴á
Ǽƴ󣬿ǰѡйѪɷʺϾнʿȻҲѡʺϾ˵ĹҲжĹֻǣ޷ѻȡԻ۹ٽؾнжһҲòؾûеĹ伮нؾӦ
еȻһЦ
УźۼĵؾлиʺϽʿ˵ȡѪɷǿµĸۺ
һӡ
ǵݣлᣬǾԲҪͨʿһͬһֹȻѡӸϳ˵Ĺս
ҵҲ¶һĨ˼֮ɫڲؾҲ˲һ뷨
Աһսƣͣúܶշ׷׿ʼ˯Уڻѱߣ໥žô˯ȥıʣǿ־壬Ǳˣ˷ܣǶδڴȵȣıãǵľѾһּ޵״̬ڷȻ˯ȥ
կУֻҾĬĬѲš
֮ǰѪˣûκԹԣֻĬĬԼӦ顣
Ҳֱһյ϶Ž֮С
쾭תת
ȥʳ󲿷־գĴͬżĺô׳ȻܳܵԪ͸Ӿˡ
ӵؿˡ
Уĸоڵľӵɱ䣬ϢؿңøӼ͡ĺôԣܶʿһϣһЩ֮
Ѫʢ֮ǰ۵Ѿ൱ӴڻһϣȫԽ˿ʼ澭ͻƣͻƹ̣úӰ쵽
аԳ
ʿʮĿ٣ﵽ񺣾ڶ۷ôҪһʱĳӦϤھеĴתһͨܵѪܹб
ЩѾΪʿ˵ֵһᣬǿܳܵס
һ澭ά
άڽţ̫Ğᣨ̫s羮ͷάסͷĿӪ顢Կաأ縮ţһ̫̫ͨȼӵϵγһӵͨӵѶȸ󡣡
澭ʲôǾǽɵʮճ״һΪľͼ
˵ʮǱʹڵľӵֻǺӵ˶ѣȥȻܴͨᴩ澭ͺֱɵĺӵУӲһ໥ͨºӵǿпٵḶ́ȻԶǰҪ̫ࡣ
ûӴǳ岻ġ
롶ĺͼ֮Ѩ
ûԥת쾭һ֮£ǰ̵ĳ̫ľӵгȥѨǰǿг
ĹУһּΪǿҵĴʹ
ھӵУٴοٳһ֦֧
ԴԴϵģĵͬʱҲһɹԪٴڣָġȻֳܱƽȴܱ֤ࡣ
ʱȻš
У¸ʱƲ֡
կ⣬ʱĴ޹Ľɱ໥սĶﲻ޹֮䣬ͬɱ
֪ȥãͻȻ䣬ŵУ׵γһһɹԪٵڣңٶȱ֮ǰҪһֹ
ά׿ٹͨ񺣾ءȻתٶȶҪ죬ԪٶҲø졣аԴϲ
ڣķһϵʱ䣬ڵ֮ĴżޱȵĽάٹͨ
˿̿ԿһϸСľӵ̫ӵȥǺӵĴϸСʮԪһھдʱȻȻԪ׳󣬱øӼ͡
Ḷ́ľͬʮһĴִ̣͡ǱĬģҲУḶ́һ֮ǾûˣлָΪһӶѾȥϡ
ҪĵҩȫѸ׳ɳҲûʲôһʿӴѪþѸٳɳɱ䣬Զͨʿ
ŶȽȽĳתһƺһ߱СǶ
һһڣСǳľӵ˲׳һڡ
޾
ȻյǰȻûյѵΪΪʲôյΪովͻ𡣡
ü¶һ˿졣
ǰҲԹնɸܲղˡеһȴյһơάһ¾׳󣬽ʡ´ʱ뾫
Ḷ́һɴ롣
֮ϲҪٴγһ£ܷ
аԳ
ˣ췹ʣµóԶٺõġ¾Ҫ뿪ˡ
ǰϾҪǰƴˣ֪ʲôĸݵôҲ֪ƴжԶһ·ûΣա
һշ׷ѣ췹
תۼ䣬һƬȻľ
Ѿʼ췹еѾȫ׼׵ԭȽʿǵʬҲȫ¡ҪĻʱԡǨƵ·ߣǷȫ
ҵȻеȫ׵һЩõϵƷѾ취ռ¾ͿһߣܶľͶܶģȻдаջߡǵǼ࣬ҪһЩȻ׾ٵ顣
ҹʱӴֱӿٳһ·һϣ·ӦòߡҪȥѡ;ܻһЩգҾһ֣Ӧòʲô⡣Ц˵


099 
ΪǵҪǨƵ⣬֮ǰвŻԥѡֱӴӴУնƾľǿû·Ĵ֣ӲһͨСԱֱǰУ󣬾ִܵƴ塣󲿷ֵ鷳
óʱ
Ǿͺá
ҵҲǰһǨƴʲôЦ飬һãͻ˲أָ֪Ŷ޵£ˡ
ûж˵
ҾҲʼ췹ЩǵУҲ̺ŷḻӪÿһ鶼Ǵ󲹣ȥøǿһϣȻַѲӣǵľָ۷壬ϵǹѪϢøǿҡ
ܶж£ǰƴڴãȻҲٶȽܿʰ׵
ҾѾϡ
аҲŸԵƷѡһЩҪĶϡ
ǰ棬С

û˵ʲôֱ³֣һ֣ǰ·촩Ĵȥ
տҲǿ첽ϣĿд㽡ÿһ˵ĲһδѾԤܶΡ
ǰģһϣ֮·
һʱ䣬ͬһǰӡ
ҾеĽʿҲǷɢڶߣտţⷢһЩ⣬ҲΧпֵܳΣաڶ棬һϳëĶȮ
Ȼ̻ʡ
ϵͲˡ
ΪʲôҳԵǹͷǹͷ̫ӲˣøĥҪ⣬Ҫ⡣̻ʣʣôܸҳԹͷء
ôݣҪŶԡ
׵ģҲŹģȻʵ͸ֲ˵Ҳܸɵĳʸûꡣһͷ뽫ʸˣôô򷢵𡣲ܡ
̻ʿڿһǹͷǿɲͨǹǣХǵĹͷͷҲ̺ŷḻľڿУһ߲Ͻţһ߻šиֺ
ֻ۾´ţΧΡ
ƺڴʲô⡣
̻Χû˭ͣģǽɵǰߣϻſ־壬ס䣬һ԰ף޲̻ԶԶġ
̻ʵĻ룬ʵ̫ˡ
޷ܡ
ܶ˿̻ʣǰ׵ġ
Ψֱ֮
̶һϣѾպա
һ·ȫõġǿдɽпһ·
˳·ִܵƴ塣֪·ж೤
·ܶжǰһζ˵ģǼٵġһֳɵĵ·ôԽֵΣս͡
飬ǧӡһɢ߶ҵ̤СʱҲڷԸ
ҾʿҲٵĽ仰ݹȥ
Ծʱڴˣһϵɱ峿Ĵ֣˿˿ѪϢ·󲿷޶Ѿ˯ʼȥֺܴСֻһС֣ڱԵشʱû˵
аԾ衣
ŲǾܵļӿ졣
ɣ˿ʼͻȻðĶ߾綾֮£ڶõĶҧУ֪ߵĹСͻȻϯĹŹ˾ɽܽ䱸ҾʿӦһȥʧҶҲ
˿л䳤ʮƯ̲סϲǰժȡϣ廯Ϊһ̯Ѫˮ͸Сɻʡ
ЩͻȻֵıʣж֡
Щ˲ԮʱѾˡ
ЩӶգҲһû˵ֻǾǰš
·һ˼ٵĲ£ߵͷǰ濴ڵĿ
ˡ
һ̤֣ǰڵҰԺܿ϶֪ѾƬд
̫ˣڳˣ̫֡£ۿԾôĪıһ¡
ÿµĴ֣⻹ǴӴ峤ٳĵ·ߣҪû·ֻ˻࣬򶼷ֱ治
쿴ǰһկƴ𡣺øߵľǽԱ߻оľǽϡصĴկ
ǽϵĴӴС·߳յأܣµĿһɵͷڲԶƴ壬ľ޴ľǽڴУһĽݡ¶˷֮ɫ
֮ǰҴ壬ֱصĲǲ࣬һ۾ܿĳ
ҴķʣĿǸǽһľǽǿܸ˴ȫС
ƴ壡
ҵҲվߣ𺳵ĿǰĴկ
կûмǰǴζ粻ͬˣ˶̵ʱڣկ赽˵زҪжѶȣҲ峤
һΧǽܽ赽˵ز
ңľǽľ鲼ǽЩõճϼõķ㣬ȹľǽԲʯĳǽѷɫ١
һ㣬̫ѵˡԵֵ󲿷޵ĳ
ǰȺ;Գ岻ľǽڳǽϾɱԲᷢ˲ص

Цſڣ˵֣ͻȻ䣬һлصУ߰ȣһּΪ߹ϢȻȻɢݳ
ָ߹ġ
һ֣峿дɵȫȥûκ֡
ʲô
̧ۿգͻȻ䣬Զһʹâʼ֣ңٶʮ־ˣԶհ衣ڳУԵ˵ѤĿ
ˡҵѾȷǺȻ𾪡
ɣ״缦ɶģǰ¹ͷβĹ걳򢼦๣Ƿˣ˵еؼѪ߹ޣеĻߡ
գǾ
ȷʵһֻˣǷ˵дݵĸ߹ϵᣬɢɫâϵżеļȫͬûκβִ˵еͻȻǰָй٣ֱǵ߸Եģĳʵ̫ˡ
̲ܶסȥ
ˣޡ
κݣ˶Ĥݡ
˴߶⣬ǧת۾ɽϿգͻȻ濴һۣˣɽ
ֻܿһʹâգɽ֮Уȴûƴ帽ֱɽ֮ǰҴԶɽȸ֮С
Ƭ̼䣬ֻ·Զߡ
ӷַˣշ˴гʧֻƬң𺳣ȴģٰ֪գŴͣǺȻ
ˣ˵еˡ
ūӪУӪʣ˺յĻ棬Ҳһľжʱһȡ


100 ı
Ǽף𡣡һ˹˵ƤƳɵŸֹŹֵƷЩƷҰ޵ݣҰϼӲͷƳɣÿһһĵķлһȣȻʮֹϣ涼صͼڡ
һ͸ǹϵʦһ˲Զ֮ͷ
ôˡǰߣҲ¶֮ɫ
ڲУžصĵλǲǵľƹܼ룬صҽȵȣ˵ԤδΪָԽȵȡ
ԣУĵλʮֳߡ
ꡣ
˺գĴһôס̧ۿʹâʧķ˵˲ޱ֮أ֮µλã϶رոշµλã϶ޱرֻҪܵõū۹һž޴İ
̫ˣȻ˶ˣԺ˵ҲԳ档ֻҪδزܴɡ⣬˽λã¶ǿҵռ֣һץʲôһġ
¶ɣһĹâ˸ͬһ㡣
дˣֻҪ϶ܴһҵ̫ΣգΪһ硣һĨʡУֲʧˣܻȥһҵ
ģҵĹúŮЩ죬ѾͻͽһǧѾﵽ񺣾ڶءֻҪԴԴϵŮΪ¯ҾٶȱǿҪŮˡ¶֮ɫ
ˣٴŮ˵ҵӪСһ֣ͳӪ˻ȥ
ʿܿЩڵֱӽŮץߡ
ҪҲ
Źң˭Ⱦң
Ůɫ԰׵ķǿ־
ǿߵŮʲô³бӪеŮӣڳ󣬶ʬ壬ңһ߾߱ĸʬһ˿ѪⶼûУ͸һƤסһͷһֻ棬һδεĳ֣˭ֻ֪Ҫȥǿ϶
ͬһ
Σ͸Ǵ˵е֣˵ľȫһ
ȥң϶ǼΪҡһŮӲ£ҪɱбϾǱһͷһءһֲԼءܻţûԸȥ౾ܵ
ڣһ룬µĽ֡
ɱĻᶼС
ʱŮӾͱӪʣţʹһҽһҵĴϢ
Ůϸ¶ڲ
ҲҪװ׵ȥ
һҹŮ฾УͻȻһȣһͷһʯͷ͵ײȥһѪͷ­ײƣѪעʼ䣬ֱӵڵϡ
Ѫ˵ĲãѤ
ˣҵԼʽ
ָҵҲһȺŮ𺳡
ɱߣϴɾȥ˾ҪԵһʿ¶ЦŮӵʬߡ
úܶڲ־֮ɫѾ衣
ӱЩʿñӳŸſ
ֻһӣأϵѾ޳ò׳ȴȫּʡǺܶ໪еʡڿͣҵҵΪܻȥܳԱӡ
УһĨľ⡣
ΧȻȴǵʿһ߰ʯͷһȻһܾɵӿȥ
ūʿЩ²׻ưգһ㶼û⣬Ȼ賤ޣʱĽ˳ڵأĴЦȴû̫䱸
ЩūʿЩ˲һȺѣھǲֵȵûмֵˣٽɱԵһȺôܷʨȺ
صʿûж١
ӪУû˭ΪЩūŪʲôЩԭˣһȺСѡ
ң󲿷ū˲ú˴˼䣬ûнҲмڽ̸
㣬УҪŰÿ춼ͬūÿԵıȹ٣ȥǳ綼󻹻ᱻЩ˵ɾԵڵĴôץӪҲҶһ֣ĺҡߵһߣС˵
ǵܵͣңûпĿūҲû⡣
ʤмƻûУЩūʿ̫࣬սҪǷܿͻᱻ׷ϣǺӵҲСĻش
ϸˣԭܶ࣬Ҳе׳ꡣҲɽĺúֻҪãһ𷢶ӪԱ߾һƬ֣УЩūҲˡʱ򣬴ҾۼһҲһҵӳ˵
ǰϵú֪ϻмɺҩʱ취ū˵ĳʳˮԴУԲǣҲҪǻ˯ʱǵĻˡ
㣬ϵú۲Ρ
ʤģѾ֪кܶ˶ڵĴܲ
˵̸ûгãȻȻķֿƺ֮ǰûйκεĽūҲûз֣㿴Ҳû⡣ĺءֻѰĺѡ
Щȴڸһ˫۾¡
һãޱȵĴ磬ڸУʮֲۣȴʮȻĹ۲ΧľӽͷӶΣ˲УɫЩ𺳣ЩЩΡеĹʾʧøӲۡȺС

ˣĳƴ壬ţڴѾҽӷϴнĿӷȥλ˻ߵҵΧЦ˵
ǸոǨƹзգ֮סƽһĨЦݣ˵

仰ҵһͷͬ
ڹУĵλʮصģ˵ٵĶţӲҪ˵ֱӳǰ𡣿УаԳѵдɾһҵգɽȣĪ
˼еĿʱЩͬԼУ¶һĨ𾴡
飬ʵ̫ˡ
ܵİտеĿⶼˣΪʲô粻֣֣ƫƫǵִƴʱ֡ɲðа˼Ҫ붼ѡ
֨ѽ
ʱկկŴ򿪡
ѾһʿٸϹȻڵ漲Уٶȣȴҵƽ¶֮ɫ


101 
ǵٶ̫ˣÿһżУȴһһԶⲻһ˿ľ룬ÿһʿͬʱľ룬ΣͬڵϷɳۡȴܱסĲƴУѾʼִӵһЩѵ֮ճѵ
жУߵȻѵǱزٵģҲʺġ
ЩѵѾЧ
ڼУֶܱвҡ
ĶУһп񱼣ʮ־˵ġ
ˡ
ǰӼ˲侲ֹֹŵǶʿͬˣڼеֹУȻûаĳɣתͬˮ̤ڵ棬һĺ
ãӣ
һ㣬˴𺳣Ǿ޴ġ
ҵӿͫǲһʿʵ̫ǿˣڵϿ񱼵ٶȣʱܸսֺ㡣ǱƿǳϵǹɷҾѷɫ
̫ǿˣʿľӣѾͨ˵ķΧЩˣȫʿҵаԾ̾Ȼ֮ǰѾ˵Ŀʱɸо𺳡
Ҳ˼ȫʿɣսǿʲô̶ȡ
ôһ룬ҵ۾
ıҾеĽʿǿƽ
ֻҪǻǸǿҾǾԲκξӲġҾеĽʿǣĽͬʱһɲͷ
ΪֻҪԼõδؾͻǰЩʿҪ
Ȼôİգ¶ˡϴξʹһһ˲𣬽ȥһ죬ܴô˿ڡƴҪ׳ˡǰӵ˿ڶࡣ
󻢿ǰĴգжеľǸӵŨҡһȥʹô࣬ȫֶͨΡ
ڿѾôе׸׼͵Ÿ¼İǽӷϴô󻢹ӭ
𾴵˵
λ׸ϣ˴ƴ壬Ǿ˶ƴաƴеһԱԺ󣬴ҵݶͬġڴҸһ𡭡ش壡жܵİſ³һ
ش壡
֣ñЩİգ˲ͱðƴ壬˲һϿڰеģȻ
ش壬ǻش塣
ƴ壬Ժļ԰ˡ
ںܶ˿ж
еǰŴգƺƵĳƴȥ
ֵܣѾǴӺеʳ㣬ĵطɳԲȿůůӡ
ӣߣѾ࣬ϺõĴ׼ⰾˣζոպá࣬ӣҸ˵ƴ壬Ǿˣȳ˷Щǣͻȥǽ췿ݡԺ󶼲»¶ޡ
ĿѾˣϿԡҪȳԲζ޵⣬ɱҪóԵĶࡣ˵Щ⣬󲹰
ЩҴİգһ壬ͱеľˡ
Ľ˵һ壬ͱ֣ûô룬ͱֱѱߣ࣬ſ⡣
ԭȵİУ˲ʧӰ١
ԭȵľ£ڻڲ
ƴĹУһ˲ӿС
һ߳ԣһ̸߽У˴˼İɢദǢлЦůĻУҶ˴ӵͬһݣǾƴĴ񣬰աǹͬļ԰
ҲҵҾӪУӪڣҲʶĽύ£ܿϤھ˵صľʵ鶼ûʲô̫䳦ӣ˵Ҳֱ˵໥̸˽ԵսȻ𾴡
ҾǵѪʵҾļη
˴˼䣬ȻȻϤ̸УʱķЦദĺǢ
ڸۡС
Ƴһ
˳֣ޱ֮ءһţ򣬱ضرഫʼõúƳɣ赴˵ڷ֮ҵġ赵󣬿νǧرηͻɽ֮Уɽ֮ڣ϶оرƳɫص˵
˲ޱ֮صĴ˵ҲǷŵĵطɽ֮ǰǰҴ廹ҪԶɽȻû̽ĵط϶ΣأرҲ޷ǰ佫ڲʵʵĻϣúþӪڵƴ塣ֻҪկǿģȻһжпܡ
ôܻ᲻֪رǱٱ󣬶ڶԣֻǾ£ˮл罫ǰ
ǺǣǰҴ壬˵Ǵգ⽫˿ڣֲǴկԭȵ̰塣ˣܿٷչկܽĸ졣˵˿ڣƳҲ¶ϲ֮ɫһۺ룬Ц
δҴǨƹˣټǰʳħӪоȳİգǴ˿Ѿͻһһ˿ڣҪǷǰһδôˡһ䣬ң뽨ʵеƶԼֹ
΢ɫص˵
˶Ǻ£δȫȻǺ£˶˾ۼһ𣬶ʱ仹ãʱһ϶и֡
磬򣬹ȫѾڡ
ڣҪУ½ʺƶȣߡ²һӱƣҲҪһЩй
ͷС
ֻ쵼ߣܽͬһʩչ˷Դ˷
γɲЧʡ
ᣬҲ¡ΪȷʵбҪʼ£Խ罨ԽáԺ󣬶γɹֻҪдܣԺͿԽչ䡣°빦Ƴ¶ǣϳŵ˵
£Ѿ뷨ǰԱ̫٣԰ͨĴׯʽηչ
һ䣬γᣬ˼ʹϵῪʼøӡ
ڽƶȵ飬֮ǰҲ廹Ҫͻһϸ飬ϸãнһּ򵥵ƶȡկ
Ҳͷܷ֮չ貵ƶȣҪģƶȣ򣬵ִңչҪȻսУչһԡ
ܷչǾ漣
֪ľ뷨ǡƳеĴʮֺ棬ѯ
һ־ΪУػռ԰ҪĹƶȡ롣档ӣӲɸȻǺ󻰡ڵǸûЩǡ׼ſ˵


102 
ƳһĨ⡣
ҵĴеľӣھƾսػկաһƴеľʿȫйʿײܸתнԼ뷨˵˳
һȨǲ̫ˡڻûʲôϾǵСɽһ׳Ҫʲôӣܻд鷳Ƴ΢΢üǶˣھȻУУӣɵЩɵ
ģȨȻ󣬵ͬơЩԺ飬ڵĿģȽƶȷҪĸְܻƴģԺ󶼿ˣʿֻҪֻҪܲͻƣܻĺҪƽһʱĵʧдеʱȥġЦ˵
ʵʷϣܶ࿪ʵۣƶƶȣǺõģȱݣҪʱ֤֪еĺ뻵ĳɷߣǷȷҪḶ́ʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ǽʮϰ֤Ǻ֪ǴġҲûȥġ
Ϊûпʵ۵ֶǬǡ
֪ЩƶǴģɲҶľȶǶˣпܾͻңһֶңǾͻӿµĺ
Σգû˭ð
ʷϵı䷨٣ɳɹȴ࣬ңһʧܣľǹ˥ˣĶҪǻ˿ʵУʲôУʲôӣᱻѹȥΪǿӲɱ¾
ȻȷƾӾ֮¡Ƴ׵ͷӦ
կĽ裬Ĵ죬ҪǴľǸֽϵ˲ţԾۼһ𣬳칤רոּվտĹͳһţܸΪЧеٴһ뷨
ִڹյҪԣȻʮֶļգƶķչ׳Ҫûиַּգܷÿһַпƶķչɱ䡣
ֽûйоֽĴӣϣ˵ֱܳ칤󲻽ҪҪչϷ֡

ʱƳļвϵšüʱȥҹɫʱȷ
Ǵ˿ӣǮϵ⣬ͱ뾡ҪȻǳԴǳ֮ơҪչ׳ǮǱزٵġ
ңǮҲϵҲҪ֮ĲؾУڲؾеĶһĻȡ뾡ȷûĹ涨ؾںܶ˵ͻûܴжһսҲʼವ
ƳٴһѾü޵⡣
֪кκõ뷨׵ͷԴ⣬ȷʵѾǰǰ飬Ȼڻû˭ܶһ߲εĹ伮⻹ûг֣ȻǱȻǰ⡣
ͺñ֮ǰ׳ļ伮νймֵӦĹ׵㣬μ㣬λȡⶼǺѽ⡣ֱҪ顣
Ȼͻᷢҡ
Уǳա
ΪҪϵһĻϵڰճͨĻҡ׻ңԽ졣ѾԺпܴﵽ˶ʿĵزʿͨнףѾˡѰܹĹƷҡ
ƳȻѾ⣬չ׳ҪŦǳ⣬ϵ˶´ҡһ㣬ԻƳǻȻ򡣶ʿͨĽǷѡҪԽΪϵǼֱһսǻ۵İ׳Ϊ֮ý˵Ĺȥʿ֮䣬ǾԲͨġ
ԣѾų⡣
Ҫνһƽ⣬ҪΪңǾͱҪʿáһ㣬Ƴ廹޷ȷҪʲôϾǸոսʿ磬ܶණİġ
½ںϣԪŨĸӦǲʮ־˲ŶԣҲ룬϶ʯ󣬾ʯЩʯ̺ԪʿգΪҵĴʯʯ̺ԪĿʯΪϣȻٸһʺʿͨĻҡ
˵һ챦ΪǬ¯¯ͿκһǮңǮģƺĸǮٽֲͽȥԴԴϵǮҡڹؼѰҵһʯʯֻҪҵͿ̵ʱڣɻҵķС
ڴֱץȡǧ챦УȻ͵Ĳ࣬ɾعܵ챦ȴв١Ǭ¯һ֪Ĺúоͺһصرδϴó
ңһѪҺ
ƳһһϲЩ챦Ŀãÿһǲ˼رǬ¯ڣϵ飬һʧƴķչ޴ƽá
ңչǰزٵһ
ҪѰҲǻұȻ޷졣Ƴ΢ü
ѰҪһרŵ֮̽ˡ⻹Ҫɽ֮ڣǷ
ҵʱһϾկɴڽ赱УԵǴȵֻʩ׽Ҫϵȴ뾡콨
Ƴ˵
һ㣬ֻԭʼķм¼ǼǡʿΪػկվ޹ﲫɱĵһߣÿ·Źѫ㡣ǹ׸󣬿ɶùѫ㡣ŹѫĶ٣ҪӦı׼΢˵
ʱҲɻִʱĵԡ
еڣǺܶⶼӭж⣬øɡһƼ͵ĶܵĻƴ壬һԲ˼ƶá
ϧǧ챦УƫƫҲһ챦
ң޷ȷִƼǷãܳ֡
ֱʱǽУе豸ȫݻ٣˭޷ȷ½ĹǷӿƼĲչǲҵԣҲòˣЩ챦
һ飬㵽ҹ
ƳûȥֱӾڸۡһշס

ҹɫŨڴկеĲؾǰȻӭӰ
Ĳؾͨ״ó챦ǲ˼顣ǰûмı
Ӷ̾
߰ɣǽȥѡǲܱøǿܻҵļλܵܡҵһ߽ؾС


103 ս
ھӪУҾеĽʿװƴԭȵʿѾǢĴһ໥ϤϵرǾˣŹͬԡ˴鶼ֱܹʵϵˡûʲôۣǶŸ޽ɱľ
ͬļһõĹͨ
ңڽ̸У֪ؾ顣
Ҳ֪ƴУÿһˣǾʿͨĴգȫʸʸǰؾȡУִУûа취⴫ġҪõֻǰؾֻڲؾеõС
ڳԹзҾʿ׷׽ؾУȡлѪɷܶˣصӪ󣬾Ϳʼ
ԭȴҴǨĴգҲȺؾУȡԪšһ¶ϲɫ
Ҹ˲ûмҴҵѡ񹦷ǵȵ˶лȡſʼһǰؾ
ôĲؾ濴ģȫ磬˵ʱͬʱؾ󶼿׵ɣһ㶼ûԵӵֱǴһһӦø˵нֵĴͨΪƣ챦ƽ¶̾ĿǰĲؾ
һۿȥһܡ
ƺһڿ
Уɵһ־ĵĸо
ɣɣȷֿѰңûʺǵѪɷȻظԽȣԺĳɾ;Խߣտʼһ
ҵɲ͡
ҪȻҪվڸߵĲϡѪɷֻľй̫ڣһĻδ̫ơ
ǣ
ƽҲԥĴӦ
תʼɢһѰ
һϡǧǧ˽ԲͬƽһϿע⡣жʱһƬȡ
Ƕ񺣾Уûжٹ֮ȡţϡ䱦
Ѫ˵ƽ׼ƷսѪݺᣬƲңɱڡѪ⣬нˣͰԵɣѪ⡣
ӶͬһǰͣסŲŵһȡʿһǿңóõһܵõһϳ˵һսɱ䡣һŵѾƲŲ
ս䡷ƪΪж⹦СͼɼȡɷɱΪ޹κ̺ķâɷ
ҵҲվһǰǰһᣬҲ¶ޱǿҵĶ
ŹԼȡؼɷɷԽŨΪٶȾԽ죬ھ֮УϵĹ
ңؼǣǸ޹ȫѡΪ޹κ
ĹȻޱȡ
ҵ̶ȣһǲܻȡ
ⲻѹҪȡҪѫ㡣
ҵһǲѵģ޷ȡƽҵ˵
ҿһսʮһҵʵӶҲ߹˵
Ĺ٣ÿһĹ屦˻ս⣬ȫҪѫһûйѫ㣬ǲܵõġҵҲ˵
ǽǱ󹦡һؾ֮ǰҾѾܶһģֻҪǲؾûеģ׳ȥʱ򣬻ӦĲڲؾѡӸĹңѾƴаҲһλֵЧҵˡıҪǿܸеĻᣬʲôֵЧ
ƽһйâ˸˵ңǵĿģػЩգڼƴ壬Ч֣ǸõػЩգҲõõʩչõáһЧңֵȻļŹҪ׳󹦡ܵõ
ڴҲĴ߷ùƴĽչ˽⣬ԽˣԽǸо壬ԭȿûľӣȫʵŴɱһƬٵǱҴ廹Ҫ
ȴߵĵز־壬Ѿ۷
ڵһ
ɣ󹦡óҵ˵
㡭ƽɫһ䣬ΪûдЧҡ
ɣңͶЧңΪǰİգΪЩôͶԭȵļҹȻûˣҵķǲܶңռֱˡҪѧǻܸۡҵһƬȻ˵ΪˣҪ֪աԻ۾ܿսơսʤ֮
ǣ
ƽ͹ĵͷӦȻġ
幦󹦡ϣҸˣõս䡷ԼѪ˵֮С
ҵһУ˵
ˢ
£һ׹˲佫Ǳ󹦡ڣ漴ʧһϡš֮Ӳؾбڡ
ۡС
б۾ɵͻȻһĨȣ漴¶һĨЦݣ˼Ȼѡԡ󹦡ȡУѡֱЧȡǣ治ҽҲֻˣܴҾ
ؾΪһЩ䶯˽⣬ͻȻһӲùͺ֪
жҵҲԽӵ
Ĵ󽫣
ѡս䣬ѡȻֹһʺϾн죬ĸȻۺ񡣡аԵͷ
û̫⡣
漴ͳУһԪһ֮άȡ̵ʱڣʮһ׳
ؾ⡣
ҸӵõУֱ뿪
뿪һõؾ󣬿Ųؾ¶𾪣мʣĽвޣУжħʦΪʲôôõȻܵõܵõô챦ֱ˹ʺˡһҾǷȱģֻһѡһҪõһŹֻҪйҾ𡣵ʱǮСѲκǲÌ˿Ϯġ
Сһ䣬йâһûж̤ؾС
һȥͿؾڳ𺳵ľһŵİܣκͼݶҪðɫʡаȻ
֪׵˶ĹʺˣжٱǮСٴаһ䡣


104 ױ
ûйûа취ûа취ΪʿԽͨˣǮСѺŭΪʲôڸտʼܱЩŴܳȥ
޲ñߵԼ
ǲԵһУȣǰ׸߸˧׵ǰôֵץʱͳˣһ¾ѹŴܡ
ǽȥˣôԵôˡǮСѵʱòѪЩܽȥˣĽʺޡͲûУƿڴˡ
ĻǽһӰ
ҪͷԻС£ŻڡǿҾʱи޾Ŀ롣
ߣҸӾȻҸǵġ󹦡׸׵ģȻؾУֱǻ˶Ҫ⡶󹦡̫ʹ࣬ôܻǡ͸飬ҪϹϵȻ취ǸշͳȥҲԼģû뵽ҾסЩޡһȺ
ǮСаЦ
ǡ󹦡ҵӵġΨһĹ
ʱ뷨ȻϣܸҾϹϵаĻȴû뵽ҾҲסҴУǵµģ²֪ðһֻ޽ԼץߣԵ
ڿкǮСȴǵһʱ俴ݡ
е֣˵ħʦͷеͷٴ󣬸ȣǾǸ˿һϡĸٶ
ʵ󹦡Ҳ⣬Źʵ̫ʹˣʹܲˣòʹҪȻͳȥ
񺣾ı
ͯӹϳ˵񺣾Ҫ֮ͯͯ
ս䡷
ǮСڲؾвϴϸۿţһŹжǿҵ̰
ֻСԪѪɷѵģֻѡһţһѡ⴫׵ĹȻǴĺ̡ҪͱǿġǱ취С
ǮСȻֻѡͨĹʣݣضǣҪǾͿ϶ΪǿĹֻǸͨģԲǸġ
ѾƻҪн׽ס
нף̫һҸͬߡ˵⣬ֱ¶֡ȻǸҲûôԲСҪףҲҪȫ֮ߡҪȻˣҿ޶ûطȥ
ǮСѰ˼
ȫԲУֻһֱǮͷԣѾʧеĴ
ûзЩѹĻȡ
ԥѡ񡶴ԪĴУѡսȻת뿪

ڶ죬
еγڷſڶŶɡ
һ޷׽ĶȻûڡ
оάٴεõֱô׳֣ʱչ
ȻƺһͻƵ񺣾أ׽նΪֻǣͨ񺣾ʿҪɵֻ»ѣܷ׽һļʡѾ̫Գ
ּʣӦĹйء
ǿģȻʸߡ
иоɶѣȻÿֻµһƣһƣ൱üʱΪ
µһ죬⽫һµĿʼ
ƽ˵
ϸƳõĸֹƶȣһ׳ȥͻҵķӦƴʼٷչһ̱
ϣĽ
ݶȥ
ſڣͻȻ䣬һӰǰ
峤ǰһ˵
ö񡣡΢΢Ц
峤ǰõһιҪ׸峤˴˵
ۡһֱǴĿĽ֮һо͸Ӳ˵ڵ˲˵ע⡣ңҲ˵Ļһ档֪ʲôıҪ׳
ʲôֻ֣ҪóıȷʵãǲġֻҪǺҪҶԴӦоһͻȻױߣ˽ǾԲŵġ
û˽ģûбóˣȵڡǿ϶Ŀĵġ
жԣʲԵ޹ʽԼı޳͸ˡ
ûҪĻǲŽ⡣
ǮСѡһֱʮͨĹšҪؾУѡһźһЩĹܲɾ͡ǮСѡ
ѡʱгŵʱ̡
ſڣĿ֮¡ױͲлڷڡ˵㡣
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ǰǮСóʲô챦Ҳ൱ĺ档
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ȷʵһĴ׸ҡ׵ͷǮСٴѯʵ
ѾȷǮСѺԥĵͷȴˮ֮ǰץ챦ɲ֪ʲôãõѶϢʲôˮʲôûˣ˭֪ʲôңһֽšҪҵıûôס
ǺãˣھͿǰؾڵһУѡһһԼա˼Ľˮӹȥ˵
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ǮСϲϾתŲؾȥ
ǮСѵıӰ΢΢üаԳǮСйŹ֣ĻǳҪױ˵ʱƫƫϣȵҳʱĿױҲҪº֣ı뷨˸ӣĻءЩ⡣
ңϣоһֵϤϢԵúƺһԹİ
ңʣ󲿷ֲͬ
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һͷ˲ԺС
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105 ҧǮС
ͯӹֻ̫࣬һЩʼձ֮ͯˣŻȥһûȢӣвŻȥǮСѵԸ񣬾ȻѡôһŹֱǲܵ飬ŹͰԵȱǾ޴ġ
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ؾǰǮС΢ЦĴ˳ѾõԼҪĹСȷʵս䡷൱ϳ˵ѡˡͯӹ
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ǸҪΪԣǸҲԲһŻûУֻҪǻᣬҲܳͷأչ¶ɣкüʱ˭Ͷ̥ãĽġ
лϲ߳ؾʱĽŲ˼֡
ţҪ˶ã϶һɳ졣Ϊǡ

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ֻҪ̻е⣬ܵͻڶԷϣ϶ᵹù
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飡
ǮСҲǷݣ̻ʣһҧһƨɾ͵ȥһǮСѵƨ̻ʣֱ̻Դϡ̻ʶһҽС졣
ᣬǮСٴӱȥ
̻Ϸţ׷ںһٿҧȻ׷Ž촩ԽĴֱߡ
ǴǮСϵġôʵʮҪıǮСѸ̻˴ĵطһֻڵϣⶫȻ̻ʵģǾֻǮС˴еµġ
ҲŹģԺΪɣһҪ㱨ǮСѻûбҧһٻġ
ʱ̻׷ǮСѿҧʱǮС¶֮ɫŭϳһ⣬Ȼ˲ߣգʧ
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ķŭڿв
׷أֱǳ谡裬ԲܾôˣһҪ̻ɱˣƤ˳ԹҧҪԻ
Ȼߣϵõ챦٣Ȼбõ챦ܴ˲뿪ߣ챦Ժ󣬾Ȼ̻ʸ׷õϧˡ
ѾԿ϶ǮСѲ⣬һߣңڵӦûŪһЩ챦ңвʮġֱ챦Уϵ˱Ȼ̻ʶûнŪԿ϶ǮСѿ϶ǽ̻ʸˡ
мĻᡣͲ֪ʱʲôĹ⾰
һζĿߵķ
Ҫңǿ϶Ҳġ
̻ʸҧˣߣҲҪһʱù˲һ̵ġаЦ˵һеĲ¶֮ɫ


106 ˮ
ʲô֮ϲЦſһеĲֻҪ챦ǾͿ϶֮˭֪жϡŹֵ챦֡
Ҫô졣
ѾһʿϹѯʵ
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ùܣǮСѲͨˣѾ뿪ˣڻѾû֪΢΢ҡͷ˵ȥ֪ͨϣн壬ӣδɽλ򡣻һЩˣȥһϣϻ㡣֪ͨǵȳԹ緹󣬾͵Ҹۡ£󻢣Ҳһ
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ǮСеõ챦ǼΪ档
Ƚ򿪣ȻԿһֻƿǰֻƿСֻпȪˮƿôͨ񣬺覴ã覡ȴصЩûƻƿУԵüΪȻɫʡ
ȻһֻƿǮСôղصģӦòʲôͨıƿп۾һһ˿ڴ
ӣƿ֮ıûмǼƽġ
ֻƿѾǮСѴӹ״̬ͷųͷһɲǲѶϢֻڵһʱŻ֣ţҲоκεѶϢһ̽顣ĹЧ
вҪô鷳
һ䣬ѾС
ڣ󲿷ֵ챦ǰΡ
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֮ǰ¼ĸѶϢشֱ俪ʼڣ¼ĸ¼챦ѶϢ
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˷ùëʮùɵӶʷı䡣Ʒ֣꣡
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Ĳ˵Ǽһ˵ùͿ˱ᣬټϻԸ񣬾ᡣ
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˿̣ңԶİɽУǮСһǱ¶֮ɫ𣺡ΪʲôΪʲôҵıƿҵƿ˿Ӧ֣һ÷
ƿƽ챦л֮Ϊ
ϣȻֳһμء
Ȼл֮۳ΪʵǮСѻ˹ʺˣȻܵõ챦öȻǺö
п۾ʱһаԴϲ
ΪΪΣʼʮǿҡԸǿΪȴһöһöʮй򵽸ֱ֪֮ԣһֱԸ鱣ûʹá
ĻȻδԸȣȴͬѸΪʵƴеʵҪޱȵá
ҩʿزٵԴ֮һ
ֱ֮챦۳ûκҩʵģʮɵ̷ҩʲ鵤
⻹ֻǻƽײΡƿܲϽɱ䡣
ǮСѿĻ᲻ݡѰҲпƿ֪ޣѾⲻˡ
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ߣҾͶΣеߵ֮Ҿеߡ䵽УǾҵġһĨ䡣Уǲܻȥġ
ת۾ͽĿöˮϡ
ˮԭΪ챦ˮ򣬾飬Խˮ겻𣬿ǧ꣬γȡ顣︨оƬоƬѾ䡣ˮ︨оƬ໥ײ棬ѾΪһ壬˯γµ챦
˲両ֳһѶϢ
ˮѶϢ
︨оƬǮС︨оƬȻоƬ뵽ˮУıоĲҪ𡣡
жʱֳһĨɱ⣬һɱѾ֡
ǮСѹȻʲô˼򵥵ˣױʱѾֽšȻҽоƬˮУоƬôˮģ
ģȴˮ򶼷Źֵı졣
оƬ϶ܹоƬǮСѵĿӦϣܿסˮ򣬾㲻ܿƣҲ̽鵽һЩѶϢоƬˮ໥ײѹΪһͬʱֱ˯ֿƣӦó߽⡣ֱ죬֪ᷢʲôɱ䡣
΢΢üԳ
䣬һȷǺûǻңһе챦һƼĻ챦ײʲôĻ𻨡
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иоԼˮ֮䣬һϵϵǺȴѾˮҲûжӦƺһƬޡ޷ƿءƺôһ㡣ھѪȥƺˮĺھɱ䣬˴˼ϵһķӡ
öˮе黹ڳ˯ڻ֮Сûгٶƺڼӿ졣ˮжǷģʲôĶ
Ө͸ˮУȻԿȻʼֳһööŹķģЩڷٵ˸֣ʧһööŹֵķ˸໥ײ
ÿһײǿٵذ㡣
ۿʱҲۻңһֹĻʸУæĿƿ
֪ݱһʲô챦
аڴĵȴҪĿöˮɱɱ䣬ѾһŲ

ƳѾ˽
ô͵ˡֽˮƿЦŻӦ
Ҫʱ̣ôܹƳЦ˵ӦöѾҪϵˣƲ¡


107 ˲
úܿ
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ЩУδɽҸˡ壬ԼвٲʶˡһС
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Ҳ˵ƴ壬ǾƴеһԱǴаաūơп΢΢ü˵Ҳ޷סȻʷΪ׼ȴΪײǺܺá
ǱȷʵΪˣл浤ޡͯӹ죬̶ʱڣѾʼʮﵽ񺣾ڶءٶȣ϶Ի浤Ҫ˶ãʮͻᱻͻƣ񺣾ؾԲ⡣
ٴޣٶȣǼΪȻ顣
ūȻѾ췢ģǾūͣū⣬ūԸһͬԵϣֳһĨᶨ֮ɫֱУվ˫֣ͷڷƺôվС
Ĳܿĳ֪顣
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һϣһΪһĶãһáͬϱȱ˶ۡҪ£Էɱ䡣
ȻѾģվ󣬴ֵͷһԸΪū͵̬ңѾԼݴ뵽еΪС
ԴˣпҲֻ΢΢ҡͷûȰ衣
ȻĸԸΪūΪǾΣʷʤдģ̫࣬Ǹ治ʷǵļأʷļأڶ˵СΣ˭֪ң磬˶ͬõԿʼһµ˭ѡµĿʼ
ȻԸҲֹˣ羲䡣ʲô˼ʱѾãȻܹĳ
ڲѡ񣬴кܶ˵Ŀⶼ΢΢ı䶯
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ˣǰǸ˾
ȴԸΪūһƳ嶼еһɣڲתһۣȴû⡣ǶжԣʧΪһð֡
Ĭ£ԺԲ̬ȾҪϸעˡ
ˣιģЩǵһμ档໥һ£Ժ󣬶ƴеĹǸɣ˲ţֻҪвܣҾ͸áֻҪвŻҾͻ벻ĺôλп˻һõľвٶǵһμˡ
жˣĹȵȡ
ЩʶЩǲʶġ
ܱǿ϶һ֮ˡ
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峤ҽкһľҼ洫ľգǽ췿ݣҾߣľƹߣСҶ֡һຩ˳òڣһ˫ϳϼ롣˵ľʱϵȴܹһۿġ
ľգʮ־տڴֽŶļ顣ǴկеķݣľǽľƷܶ඼ġһֱͷ˵ŽʿԡѪɱҪںʿǺúôһҡƳ׵ͷҲһ䡣Ȼ˽ġ
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ţ˵һԵüΪཡ׳ĸţһһⶼڶʮֽʵСֻɫЩں죬ڸ¿ġ
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峤ҽǸֻҪӣҾܴƷ
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ҽйŹ徭ʥ˾䣬ġһƾۣȴж˷ǵǰ˵ܿǰض˪ů٣˵߲ڣһ˿д档
峤ҽǰǸͷһǳգҲò֡һ࣬ɫֺȴĿ¶ǰȭ˵
в˿ڽܣодء
һܣҲеһЩŵ˽⡣аԵͷЩڣһ򵥵ĿٿԴĳ˿á˵ףȱ˲š
ҹΪƴе˿ѾԽԽ࣬˵ĹģѾͨկķΧԸһЩٸǰһͬһɢɳԡ
ͣһ£Ŀ⳯ɨӹȥ˵Ҵ㣬ƣ
ƴУһĹկеĸˡ
⻰һʱڴкܶ˵۾оһλһǰδеĻһܹУԺƴ巢չǾԪϡ
ݵλᷢ췭ظı仯
жʱͱû
ңǶоԼлᡣѾµĿʼûгʲôԽĽ׼ݲࡣֻҪ˶лᡣõʱ˭лͷء
ƴУעͨĴկһչǵǰ;ﵽĵز
ֻҪһ룬о͸Żȼա
ϸ̸ȷһƴ塣
ûйǵķӦΣǿƣȷĲšȷŵְܣ˭ĸţ޹ؽҪ
о仰˵ĺãӪ̣ˮı


108 
ֻҪƶȣؼĲŽȷյְܣЩţӪ̣˲˭ְֻҪԸ⣬ʱвܵģȥûвܵģȻȥЩĲţЩ˲űƴչ¶Żƽ̨
ƽ̨˲ţ˲ţܷӳƽ̨
һ㣬ִ߹ǧʷΪȻ
ؼǽŶѡĿܴ
׼󣬾ƴо¡룬øӣʿƸ־ӵǶսڷصȵ֮⣬˲øתе׳ľһذը
ҵӣһͬκˣ֮ɫ
ǵĶ䶼ȫö˵˼ľ󣬶ھӣ˵ӣѾﵽǰδеĵز
󣬾ȻԲܵ档һھ˵ĲšĲţκγûгֹûܶԾķȨڣԾӵĽƣή͵ͣнȴܸӷĵսķȴõĻںܵ˵ĸ档ɱսͬʱҪٵĴӱİ
ҵеĿȴǰδе
ǰͳԹ˺İԳϵˣʱʱҪĻᱻд󳼵ݻᾭȱиַԷ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ʥּ١ñֵսòչܴɡ뵽Щн춼ÿÿ̾Ϣ
ʵǳУΪ𣬾н͵һȡڶУǾһȺֻ֪赶ŪҰˡٴγսڳϱءˮҵᡣ˿ľƶȣеѪҺʱͿʼڣƺŻвȼա
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ϵʱֻ̫̣ȷһЩţȴûа취ȫƶøŵְλҪϵáκƶȣһɶ͵ģӦġ׼µĲšңڿõ̫١Ҫһδεʵ֪е裬ٰøְλ
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ڳΪʿȫһַʽЩ⣬߽ϣ
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Ƕһۣпϲ֮ɫ
ЩǰڸԵ磬УҲֻǴʮֵ͵ȵλáֽ߲Ļ·еУǸǸܵһأ˿ûбĿأ˲һʿΪ֪ǿҸд
׼ٽ켮켮ְܾƹƴ˿ڻǼǡƴѾȫ˶лΪʿһΪʿξѾɱ䣬Ѿʼѷסͬͨе񣬳綼أǾͲеĻƺԣΪ켮¼켮ᡣ
켮
ежһ˿ǵģѾͨ˽εĵ·ϣֻҪȥҲܳΪɣΪ
壬֮ǰǼǴ񻧼ʱĲΣ켮ʱȼ飬ڵǼǺھбһݡ
п壬˵
ǣһ߾ȫ켮жʱһȣĻڲ켮ֻǹǼǵ飬ԲС¡켮ܹΪһǾʽ뵽нȦӵСǺģԼˡ
Ҫġ켮ʱƹܣǶһ氡ֻҪĺãûгɳĻᡣ
У˿ڱ࣬ȻаദĶǢԶǱнǣҪרŵĻάΰѲӴկųΣաԺҲҪ
׼ţרŸѲ֮£ʱ齨ʱڴѡ֣ǰģѡ񡣡
ǣһŽɫᶨ˵

׵ͷԺ󻹻Ὠ̵ڻûҪ
УڴȻԵĴʳʵ׼Ӳ׼򱦵ƹʣǮƣ˰յȵȡƹ򱦵ʺϵģˣѦ̼֮аңᣬ򱦵ʱƹܣĲãʱ˻ȡ㡣
жһŶӵ˵
֮ǰƳһҲѦִ̼˹ӣʼնһЦǺǼΪƵģС۾вʱ˿˿⣬һ֪λܸɵ
ܰң׬ҲᣬƵֶΣν
̼УѾǳ͡
׿ڵڲ۾гһϸ죬ְ̼ǰǵλ͵ˣ׬Ҳƣڵλϣũ񶼲硣ȴлᣬƹ򱦵ΪƴƹǮƣֻļҪ׻ʹȥ
İݵģҪѦãԼͿǡ


109 Ǻ
Ѧ򱦵ΪƴǮ࣬ɲҪ飬Ҫֳ֪̼ݣκγӵģӲܽٳΪ٣֮ǰĳҲԹһ֣Ϊ̼ͨǮת졣йࡣӦܵӡҪǽֵ̼򱦵Уɲ㡣
ƳȻ˵
дһ˿ȻѦԵǾǴЦ
ϷģѦ֤һΪҿǮӡѦ˵ɫһƬᶨһҪ֤˿̼֣Բֻǻ͵ˣܸɳɴ¡
Ҿ͵ſ
Ƴ׵ͷĿѦɨһۣĿʮϬ̺źȻй᲻Ҷӡо˼ĿΡ
ѦֱĿ⡣
µе֮ˣܽУְܣƹܴʱɻУƹµڴѡܵˣԴկй滮ϣµеģҪΪıΪƴ彨ĸõĴš
ٴο˵
µͬȻϣеģееͲţֻл۴Ͳţկתĸá
ǣ
ƳŵĵͷӦ
ƴУְλǵʲáҪٳɳһιƽ¡ΪӾԴˣȻκεԥ
Ҵ㽨ҽ۴ָ֣ҽƳ³¡ʿʦģϣҽҲѰҵķšҪҽտƳ쵤ҩҽ֮Ѿ漰ҩ֮ǹҽҽտָ֡һоҽա
ٴ˵
ǣһṼΡ
δɽһۣһ˿֮ɫ
ԴӳΪʿҲڲͣţܷƳЩ˵еĵҩڵҩǲһ֪ʵϣҲƹȻĵҩֻǽҩģûٴҩ裬˵ֻǵ裬ԣѾ̤һ
ţֻҪоʵ顣гҩʵƳĵҩϾҩģҲ벻ҩĵ֪
ǵĵӣѾ൱ۺ
жԴҲڴʵкܶʦڶҩĵϤ̶ȣδػδǿֻҪҵľϣƳĵҩЩʦҲѷɫ
ңڲؾУһǳΪʦһݡ
أ׼ʳԺ㸺𣬽һЩվտĴһʳУڴеĳʳͳһ⿰šȻԵǴܶʳĶ⣬̺ḻӪ뾫⿣ܱеľʳ󣬾ҪȥŬ
пء
أͬΪӣʳҪԣޱҪġֻҪԴԴϵʳܹϵӡ
ʳĳҲΪԼı
ǣһ⿳ζʳ۾һʦҲյӣֱǰδе顣
Ҵ㽨µ¼ѫŹѫ㡣ѫɽؾ󣬿ɶһֱ
иҪ˵ȥʱͻȻɫһ䣬ͣ
˲ռС
һͣ٣ҲƳǵע⣬ȻɻȴûпڴϣΪеɫѾطһֳ״̬
Ȼʱ򳹵ɱ䡣
ռУȻԿöˮڲϵų˿˿Өı⣬УƺܿϸСķͬ㲻ϵĴãһݺڽȴγĵϡޱȣ˶࿴һۣоҪȥ
ˮУƺܿգޱ
ƺ̺һֶصԣңĵУ·Ĺ档࣬ȴܹĴһ
ˢ
һâ˸ֻĻУһֻССŮƬУСŮһǹ⣬ѤʡĪ⡣
ף
ˮУСŮͻȻ̧ͷգſ³һЩӲĻ
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ڿɻǵôܱ˽гɸףʲôʱϲˣûиԴʶıһƬհס
㡭ڽң
Ӧ
ǵģסСŮޱ˵֮ǰˮоƬͻ໥֣ͬʱڻ磬ˮ顣ʱ׵ľѪ룬ھѪУȡڸ׵ĻƬΣѪϣҵĸסŮ
ûгɣСŮٵĽʼĩ˵˳
ˮлᵮµ飬ֻҪȻ飬ʱٵѪȻڻûȫںĹУеľѪȥ
յĽڵ飬ͬѪһԣŻһھͽΪס
ûиҲԡ
ֿЦõĸоڿˮеСŮʱһѪе׽ȷʵ֤⻹ԼŮһŮ
𣿡
һȻоЩŹ֣ڤڤе׽УòܡȻˣңʵǾûʲôɷ񶨵ġ󷽷ܾͺá
ˮеСŮһĨ͡
ļͥãСʱļ䣬ɲʱĻԺи֡ҪǺ԰֪ʲôӡĮ硣
СŮжһĸд
ûУ븸״
СŮӲУ¶һĨڴȻûи顣
ǹڣϣ㽫ǳ貣ǿհ嫣ԺͽǺǺ΢󣬻˵
л״ԺҾͽǺ
ǺиֳһĨ鶯֮ɫ漴
Ƕڵô£ܿĳڵƺʮϵƺܵѹơӲһԣԺܲ
ǺˮԭȵоƬںԣ䣬ҲзԣҲоƬǿ㸨ͬԭʱ˹ܡҲɳɣɡȻ飬ܵеķ
ܴѶϢͬԣʿдѶϢĴѶӰʿƳӰʯݡĹУԷˮѾһص챦½Уһ޶Ĵڡ
һ̫СתнᱻѹƣҪɳ󣬲ͷţͬһ󡣡


110 
ȻǺڵǴһ״̬¡ͬ԰תȴҲܵ޴ѹƣ˵ǸоƬںϺһӰ졣ֻԺǳɳӲпתɱ䡣ӦûܵӰ졣
ɷ飬ʵͨûʲô
Ƕʲô
һѯʵ
ףҾдѶϢ㣬ͨ飬縸ƴеĲؾǺͿؾϵңҿԽý飬һ޵ƴ塣ҿءںϡ˸ǣҾܴǵκͬ״ֱ֮ǰźݵĲͨźţ鲨
ǺٽԼ˵һ顣
κι·𳹵ױһ࣬һͬźһڡңɢ첨ֱӴݵϣֲҪΣʮѡǴдݹȥΪý飬֮أźŸǵ򡣿ɳ֮⣬ȴ޷ľ͸һ硣
һ࣬һѶתࡣҪ֣ǶƴķչԿԲ췭ظı仯
ǺǽУǷϾܽ䵽ƴУկмء̽ķչ
еͿʼѯʵ
ܣֻܽأѶ赽կܼˡÿڵ鶼ǶģûܹϢϮԷ顣ͺֱǰ磬лоÿһ˵飬һľ޷׿̽ġǿԾܾݳѶš
ңǺֻܴöˮУ޷룬ܿ̽硣ֻܴתΪһĴڡҲֻܽͨתңҪý顣
ǺӲ˵
飬û취뿪ˮֻܱĽѶϢд棬㡣
һࡣֱͬǰĻһֻǲҪźҪ£ͨؾܸƴ塣磬ڶԣȴɺܶ಻˼ĸı䡣
вûжԴʧǿҵϲ
еһ֣ķӦǵ߸Եġ
ഫħУܵħв˼ڵǺȻԶԶ磬Ǳͬ޴󣬽ܹγɵ磬úܶһֲ˼ĲΡ
ħԷħƷħƣǿħڡʵħ붫ķûжֻ˵ͬѡ
кܶеķͨһõճУо죬˼ĻѧӦ
ûǺڣƴķչֻһĽУ΢ǰ뷨ʵ֡ȴͬǺڣһ裬еһУòͬ
ǶˮٽˮѾʣȻ죬Ϊؼһ޶챦ԺͽСϣһ죬ܸǿմ󺣡ϣһֱߣһ죬һ塣
һٿ˵
Ǻһֱס
ǺһĨ漴˵ףҪƳӦý顣ýУһġ
¼䣬һǹ˲û뵽е֮С
ľĹؼöģܽ˴ý顣
ãһҾͻὫͽСʱ򡣾ҪǶתдϲûгɣһռ˻
ĴڣһǿĵƣֻҪ¶ףһ˸õĴڡؼǣǿ֮й¶ȥ
ָ󣬿ɨӹȥִɻĿ⣬Ц˵û£ոͻȻ뵽һ£СĳǼ
µеĹѫ㣬Ϊҵٺ»Ȼֻ̫࣬Ҫشףܻȡѫ㡣ڻûǮңǾֻʱԹѫд档ԺҺ󣬹ѫɻڣΪٺ»һ֣зš
һ챦רŽͳƣ蹦ѫ㡣
п˵
챦
һ㣬ǻƳ嶼¶һĨڴ֮ɫ챦棬Ŀõġ˭֪κһ챦ϡޱ
֪γֵ챦ʲôȻͳƹѫ㡣
֪ʲô챦ܾЧƳ嵱ȿѯʵ
³ֵ챦˽⣬ܸõĹƴ塣
Ǽ챦Ϊˮ򣬾֮ǰǮС챦챦ԴѶϢݣ繦ѫͳƣҪרŵǰȥ㣬Խˮͳƣ¼ֻҪ¼ѶϢ潨أӷݡҪý飬ϵ
׼ˮý֮ˣͿͨˮ򣬹һ㣬κѶϢĴͶҪ죬ȫͷųΪЩ˷ѴԴ
вûнˮѾ˵ˮȥԺҪԵĻˮı֪Ѿɱȫµ챦˵𵽳䲻á
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Ȼ챦ǲ˼顣ƳʣѾоԭȵۼÿ춼ڱ߸磬ѾһȫµļԪеʱκ漣пܷ
ҲȻܡ
磬ûʲôǲֵġ
ң뵽ˮĿԴݣݵĻǶƴ壬ڴկķչ˼Ĵ߻
ˣνľǾ칤켮ţʳ򱦵µҽµһ𣬾һţͬƴ塣ϣһͬ㣬ͬǵƴ塣˵칤󣬵¾칤һţĸô˿ڣկ»ֳר޽һһΪڱ档
ǣ
ͷӦ
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ƳҲͷε¸еȽ⣬ƴһд£̶ֳȣѾ൱׵飬ؼǣõ˲̫ˡֻйܣԺ
뿪пû뿪Ĳ΢΢ü˵ȻҪҵĻڸۡдһЩܼҰɡ
İţҲֻʱˡ


111 ³ʦ
ǣˡ
˵ūڴзּˣۡôҪūҪսУ֪˵ǡ
ڴ߷õĹУҲ˼̫࣬ͬĸоû˻ͬǿҡ˸оȴ۾
ȻصĲڲУܿĳһָĸоһ۾ֱܷ
ǹܼң
˲һۣͷ˵
ǣˡһͷ˵Ϳ첽ȥȻȥǼˡ
пȥһ䣬Ȼڴʧ뵽ؿռС

УŲĴȺУʱһС
ڣԿǸָľģѾõļҾߣһЩ̺õľЩľ֣ԵΩΩФľ֡ޣʮơ
Уһһѿ̵һľϲϵĵţһң̣Ǽ򵥵̣ÿһȥڿ̵϶̺һ̵ٶȲÿһȥȻĲڵ֮Уһ۽֯һȻγһķġ
ˢ
һȥʱͿľԭµһͬʱʼųâе۹Ļһ𣬻Ϊһ壬ľƶһ㵭⡣ȻȻԪעľУľƶɱ䡣
ɹˡ߿зһĺ
³ʦڳɹˡĽ̵ľϣ򿴵ϴϲæڹصɫʮֹʦ֮
ʧôΣǳɹˣȻ˼ԭ֮񺣣ٴޣȻһƳɢԭȵΪ۳ɻ浤ڡԴﵽһǧĳ̶ȡ
ԭʿĴͨطҵõⱾ̫ƽഫԡ̫ƽ顷ַ෱࣬ǰֻΪǵʿŪյĹڿģЧҪ̻ûֽɰỵ̵̈ע뵶ֻۣҪٶȹ죬ڵɢ֮ǰɷ̣÷ɣΪһ壬ԪΪķ
Ǳ֮Ϊ³ʦһ׷ͯգмӰ˸ԵʣǰѾýȻͬľƣѾ˵һķ
̻ǱаڷмȡؼĹ֮÷аһĵ֮ĸǣؼ֮ľУľÿһ
ģǾȫõƷϣڻϣ·Ӧÿûرøӵأս·ȥǲǿԱǿɱڷ·ǲ÷ݶǿķԱƻ
³ʦ˼롣
˼άûоڼ򵥵ĻأϣѾ뵽Ʒһ𣬻ʲôľֻҪһ룬޷άסĵļ嶯޲Ͷȥ
־׷ǱѰ
һԺе˼ѹȥź׵ͷ˵δ峤ǰȥǷ׼ơһ˿ǡ
³ʦ˫ңཱིʦеĸ˲ţһã鿪ƣңѾȷһͬƴ塣ͽѾ칤֮УֽܸĴֹߡ
򹧾Ľеļ˵˳
Щûʲôɱܵġ
һǽԭеһЩ»֣ϸм򻯡ҪʺʿĹϵ
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³ʦ׵ͷйâ˸ʱ򿪸Ȼʮͬ
ڵƴ廹СеĹȫڣѾǴԭȵƿƿ޹ޣڷĻϣ´µĽĽУûԭеӰģʽ
ʲôԣеȫٴδ飬
κƶȣġ
ڳһơԽ罨ƶȣԺԽĺô
һԿ϶ԲԺյܣɾӡ
һοĳ
ƴдţУǻƳͬͲš
³ʦƳ壬Լ֤ߣһҹ֮ΪңΪʮ־տһȻд緶ؾҲѪ¼ȫĲѧѸٳɳһҹ֮Ϊܿĳдš
³ʦǻ۳дţ书ҽѧء׾ġ԰աḷ̌գһͨԸɽ칤֮λh³ʦ֮⣬˭ʤΡƴı仯³ʦҲۿˣֵЧҡ³ʦͳָɡ
£˵
̫ǰλ³ʦˣֱһλȫţּգѾﵽ뻯ĵزָһ£éٿеľأԸӣȴһֱУһǱ̫ƽ֮ǰҴţڿоɹʱڿ
һ³ʦ칤Уǿ϶칤˵ɱ䡣Ϊƴ巢չס
һ칤󣬲ʱУ⡶̫ƽصķһҪСûоɹȡλ
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ҲһɰԵ޹ʾռݸλҪһ뼼սϣµʱȻᵱʲá
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ǣ³ʦ
ֻܵͷͬͬʱҲ¶ڴ֮ɫ

ЩҲ˵ڽº󣬻ƳѾ˿ʼʾдƴнһϢϢ˲һըڰɢ
һʱ۷׷ס
峤ʽʼܣǰĹٸһҲвͬ澹Ȼ򱦵ִ̼ƣǰĻƣǹǮġ̼Щ𣬲Եɡ
칤̫ˣ峤Ȼ˲ͬȻЩյĹҪ칤ҲΪկ
ҽһҽҲҪҽΪկеĴβˡҷ֣ΪʩչĹЧǰʮٱ
ܶ˶¶֮ɫ
оԼĲܵӣʲôϲ̨ļҵиӿֳһʿΪ֪ѪҺڣҪɳһҵǿҳ嶯
Ӱ죬ʮ־޴ģֱӴ̼аյĻԡ


112 
ܶ˶һĽеõһͳһι滮һ𣬽һȥʹ֮ǰһӵϵҪáЧʸߡ
ܶоŲˣĦȭƵĳ嶯
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أ
ȻȻĳԣأһɫĳˮѾס֮һĸ߶ȣѾһˮ֮ǰҪ̫ࡣңڳص׵ȪУÿʱÿ̶µȪˮӿˡһעأǴկ֮ʱ
˽ڳš
ˮԽ࣬ζռԡڳˮУڲϳɳԿ֮ǰɵʳħӪе֮ҪζʱϽ˸ʮ죬ԡ
ڿгֺͻȻԾˮ棬³һݡֳϲɫβͰڶϵĽһˮ
úôţؾԲļޣԺĺաθһѣŮ㲻۸
ЦŶ˽˵
еĳˮ֮ǰҪ̫࣬ͻȻ˿ڴģټȷƶȣƴķչʽ죬ԣеĳˮֱǣ˿ھˡ˿ڣˣİеȪۣͻԴԴϵĵȪˮ
ֹϸˮֻҪĲ䣬ܲϵ
йâһöˮһѾУ棬ǺɱĿš
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ʱƣˮ·ֱ뵽У֮һϵţһ貵ǹšͬ뵽Уһص漴ƴ帲ǹȥ
ɶʡǴ֮еģ˴ƴΧ֮ڡֻû˴Ļֻƾý飬ܽӴ
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˽𿴵ǻϲĳ׷ϹȥΧϷǵ³һСʱζţں׷ϡ
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治ҪעԷѶϢҪӵͬпһԴ湦ѫ㣬йѫ㣬ֱӷŵ켮Уֱͨ켮鿴ӵеĹѫ㣬Խֱתƣ׹ѫ㡣ţЩǺӦÿ
һĨ⣬ԥ˵Լĳ롣
ҪǹѫϵʵһȷʵСûκܹҵһϵ֤ѫƶȵתӰ쵽Ǻ
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ѶϢİȫ£ڵһʱɡ
ǵģףЩǺֻҪǵѶϢ¼ֱתѫϵǺŵ˵Щʲôѵ顣
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ˣǺԺһᾭġƿء
ûضԸһת뿪
Ҫ취켮

˵ƴΪƵ飬һе飬ȴ˵ɽȸūӪ֮С
ЩūʿڲŻſжһЩģһ޴򣬲ҽϣֱУز𣬻ŵĶǱˡ
֪УѾҪٽϢļЪСۼһ
֮ǰıڴ˻һ
ʤѾһЩúϵҶǰĴʮֲ֪ЩūУ϶Ѳ˱ɱĽԸһ¡ֻҪʱǸһӦ˵
㣬Ѿ̽ܵ·ߣūӪֻ֣ܶһڲȥǵطرɭϣǹעҪ򣬲Χǽ޽ģڶλãҿһӣֻҪһܴһȱڡһȥһС˵
ã̫ˣֻҪܳȥһӪҡҪץסǾˡ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ҪһλʿҩЩū˵ʳСҲܵɣǿЩūˮʳ
ū˲ɵӣôܻһȺūԼʳˮԴ
ܿʳģֻһˣǾˡ
ūΪҲ˷ѣֱ˳ԵңһȺ˳ԡǵʳܶ˶᳢һ飬ȿ
ЩѾһλʿˡңѾˡ㿪˵һԽһ˹
ӿĳǰҾһҲʮְۡڣȴһǱһ㲣дı޺ۡ۵ףȴǿҵĳޡ
λʿþھӪбЩū˘QŰ󱻵ɶԵ֪ǵļƻҵңԸΪߡ˵
ʤѾˣôȥҿ϶ֲסǰûиɹĿҪǻһɸͷ֧ţҽͼֲסڵϡҲˡҪǳҵ⣬ϣܶɱ壬ұ𣬸ñ𡣳ҵ⣬ҪǸʹĴۡ
һݾ˵
ãʿģһ㱨ģˣס׳٣ҶǾ;ԲȺùֻҪ˻ɱȥԺһΪǡǻţֵġʤͷ˵
ҩңҳԽӣϾȥӪһϾϣҲҪʼ췹һͻᱻԵʱҩЧӦܷӵáҵ࣬Ե˿϶ܶࡣҾ¡ǵΪұҽ
һ¶һĨɫ


113 λж е
Ȼڲ˫ȶڴ򶶣֮顣
˭ľңǱԵûп־壬ҲͨˣֻͨӣǰϾҪȥָодֲġ
ɼᶨ
ūӪУûа취ȥģǲߣȵʱͣûа취Զġͻᱻץס
ҶϣԽūͽ
Ȼ£ȴûжҡеͷԸԵҲҪūʹĴۡ
һ׷ѵġһΪ㱨𣬶ɱūͷ˵Ǽʿ͵͵ɺҩҩȻУɫζģֻɺҩܲᱻεɺҩ󣬾Ǽǧ˶ᱻҩȥͳӪҩɢȫʱЩū˾㱻£Ҳ˯ȫ
˵ţóһݵɺҩ
ҩЩūģһ¶ҩͻȱѪҺҲɺɫūɵӾͻ֪о綾ġԲйڵݣһݳɺҩҩǿޱȡ
֪ˣҩҡ
һòֽҩ˹ȥĿʼռᶨûΪ¶ҡ
ɫʼû
ҩȥ˲両ֳһ˿
һƬ죬Ÿūŭ𣺡ūڣӸƴˣʮһúȥɡ
һһֱӳ򸽽һūʿʿǰñӳǣٿġһѾױˣֻ۾һƬѪ죬еǱƺֵ壬һӱǰδеٶȡ쵽˳Ծĵز
ūʿ벻ʱͻȻңٶȻֱӳӵĽޣ£Ӧͱһ˵ڵءûݾһʿһҧȥ
꣡
һҧʿһĲҽУѪѾӺӿжԵĿ־壬벻˳ĶʲôʱײУ˵Ŀ¡ҧкǷ޷졣
ಣ
ۣ
ڵһʱ䣬Ϳ֧˲仮Ƴգд˺ڣԴ󱳣ҪϣѪš
˵Ĳã˵ޡ
Ķ򣬾Ȼ飬Ҵ򣬺ݺݵĴ򡣡һūɫ߹ѾɱµʿҲҧƺѾˣɫ͸ӵı䣬˵ˣҽͷӽˡ
žžž
ūʿƤޣܵūһҳ򣬺ܶ˵ƤѪ죬˴Ŀģ˱Ҳֱߡһ¶̵Ц
ڸ֮Уһ˫۾ȴЩȫսУȴûĶĿʼնڹעܵѾʶĿʼŲűԵƶš
⣬ӽˡ
ңܵūȻɱ˵ľٶʮֵķŭ˶޲óһ⣬̳ԵūܶࡣȻӪū˶Եūʿȴ󲿷ֶԹ
ҹɫŨ
ūӪԱߣһūͻȻʼҡƤƺʮֳأо˯ʮƣʿֻںڰУ£ԵòǺԡһЩѵʿû̫⡣
ǿūЩʿ󲿷ֶڻ˯ʱпܻ赹ȥһ㣬Ե쳣Ĺ졣
ॣ
ʱһֱעŸĳʤ㣬໥һۣͬʱֱ򸽽ūʿٽЩʿе䵶Աˣͻ˯ūʿӦͿһԼԴѾշ𣬵նϡ
Ѫ
ʤ̤ūʬϣֵǡǱЩū˸ץūÿҪҪֵޣҪЩūԵЩūûǻ·ﵱūЩūƴҲлȥĻᡣ
λже
ɱȥҲҪɱ汳ġֵǡһɱȥҲ۴
ɱȥЩūѾɺҩǵıɱȥ
ǲôҲҪɱһū汳
ųʤ㣬ɱȥֻҪɱӪЩūҲҵǡɱѽ
֮ǰѾʤõһЩú׷Ӧ򸽽ѾҪ赹ȥūʿֱӽ֮ɱһʱ䣬Ѫ졣
ˣһԹ죬ͺ޲ܹ취ӳȥڿ˴ͷңӦƼͷ׷ӦӦ͡ûľץͷ
ֵǣһȥ
ʤǰٳ֮ǰõĳڳȥ
һȺ˺ƺƵٻ۹Щ˯ūʿͱŭİֱӴóͷһʱҽ
ǣĸһȥǻΨһᡣһ尡
ֻڸУһȫŮһСԥľͳųʤǵλñܹȥٶȣһ㶼ڳʤǸһʱͿʼӡȻѾ۲õģܵ·߶Ѿá
ȥһȥǿ϶Щūˡ
ҪҲҪ˼䡣ԸҲԸⱻūۡһ尡
жʱһ˳
ҲʼӴܣӪ
СŮˣŮ˷˻Ҫ¡һٽļֱӽһūʿ˵ڵأ׺ݵϿҧץͬħ
أ
ūѾӦŽ˲䴵죬ʿӪгӪڵıңң˳ֱӵȼӪʡƿʼӡҽɱײϡһƬҡ
ˣȻҳӣɱūʿֱɱͨͨɱαҪ²ֻҪǵʬ塣Ϊ׵Ļ׽ҪԽǧС
߳ӪʣĴӵĴҪ׺ˡһŭֱӾҪȥôû뵽һȺųĶ򣬾ȻұңܡɱūʿѾսļޣѾͬ˪ɭĿųӵū
ಣ
һϱū壬ڹǾͨޱȣڵõ󣬺ԥĿʼɱ֣һ˲䶴Щյ塣һҽС
ʿֱ䵶ɱȥ
ӪлӣúܶūòǰȥơһֻҵϢ
ūķӦν죬ʤǵ׼ͬʮֳ֣ܵ·߶Ѿ׼ãܵʿ඼ɺҩû취ֹ


114 
Ӫֱӱһӡ
ǳڣֵǣȥǾܻǵһȥʤ
ȥɽ֣ƽԭҿԷֿӣȥĻֻҪūץסҾӮˡɱȥҲ
ȱѾ򿪡
¶˷֮ɫХžһ˳ȱڳӪ
棬дĸ棬ЩŮҲǿҵ˭ֻҪܻţû˭ԸѡūӪУǿ϶ȥ
һƴӡ
ܣܣܣ
ٶӳȥܳӪūӪԽԶԽá
ֻҪܳȥдĻᡣ
ÿһԺжֻôһͷһеӳȥ
㣬һˣҴһˣǷֿӡļʸֻҪӳȥǿ϶ٴμ׵һ졣
ʤ˵
ãǷͷߣֻҪܻȥһټġҲͷӦŲûһߣǱū׷ĿԾ͸
ֿӣԷɢĿ꣬ū˾׷ϣܽһ飬϶ǷֿСūɢ㱻׷ϣƴҲܶʤ㡣ңǻֱߣҲԷγһ֧֧飬ɢߡ
Щˣһ̶ϣͻΪǵɢū
˵̣˭ĻᡣǾȫԵ˵пãᱻ׷ɱпãū׷ɱκοܶǴڵġ
ӳİˣȻǳʤԴģСɵӴܶ飬һʧ˷Ӵܳȥ
ЩˣɱҪ²ȫɱ
üɱܣȫҪ
ÿΪһӣҷֿ׷ɱЩūҪڡŮĸץץġ
ū壬ңĶǾǱʤɱһֻһֶѣһ˻һֱӳӪʼ׷ɱ
ЩūǺҹѾϣΪԾʱڣһЩޣūҲҪʧأһ㣬ѾѪһĽѵҹǼֱ˲ͻὫ
Ȼҹİգ׷ɱūںҹУͬΣա
ʤѾûбѡ
ӳȥлĻᣬӾôѡѾǺԵ顣
׷ӣںҹݡ
ūӪлӡ
⸽ˮԴܻ࣬棬׵ƻƵӶΪѣ̵ֻʱڣʣٸ뿪γһ
£ӪҪһѾǰǰʵ
޷Ťת
һȺ򣬾ȻҲŪôıңȻЩԭˣ֮ǰѾȫɱǳΪūҲҪһȺͷ
ĿһƬҵľЦ˵
ԭ˲СУ׻ѪΪͳǵΪ貣ԴԶĽܳǴ½УūɲЩԭˣƣڹңȫǲ϶١˭δ֪
ߣ˵
δһǴū
ŵ˵

ƴУ¹滮ңһȻĿʼ֡ʵԵʵкܶ飬Ϊ켮ûʼǼǻ˿ڡկȲչ
ȴֱӽؾС
ǰֱӽⱾеԺС
ⱾȻûʲô̫ķǼ򵥵ĻƷķҪ졣˵ȫһͨʿΪһλͽƷʦõġ
ǽ̵ʿλƷƷʱһЩҪ죬ɣҪע⡣ڸո߽Ʒʦ·ʿԣǳ׶ޱĻ
ӡз
ԺзŻ̺ķ
ȻֻһЩ򵥵Ļȴǲ٣֮ܳΪ󲿷ķʵܽⱾо͸ĻȫлƳ³£߲̽εķпһ£ܴµķ
Ҫģûлһжͬ¥󣬾ԻǷģľصϷһָһ֣ľǵۡǷı仯
Щһ̫ԶҪŪֻķ
ҪΪģΪ࣬ƴĶϵȣҪӻ֣Ҫ˵ƴУ˱ƷǾǻԣ䣬˽ܵķʽֻҪƳ켮ƴУͱһȱپͻ粽С
һ˿ڵͳҪģԼдŴڻ֪ǾͻɶҵĸԴһ㣬ڽ֮ͳ׽Ժ󣬶޷ĺô
Ҫ켮м⡣
һ켮ĲϣͨϿ϶УңڵĴУȱٲϣʮȱȻͨĲ졣ͨĲûа취طңֲϱƴܹõĳġ
аԳ
ɲС⣬켮Ĳ϶ܱ֤ӦĻȻѽƹ㣬ң켮ÿһƴһݵġ
оǱ뽫еĴӡĸ֮ǰǺҵýУƹֻ̣ҽУýģǲ׼ˡҪһ㣬Ҿͱһö켮ԽУ⼸ַģҶƣңѧᡣҽ֮켮ϡֻҪɣҾܿٵ켮
ҪΪһƷʦ
Խ̵켮С
˿ɰﲻˣֻһ׽
ǰûԹҲ֪ԼûгΪƷʦ츳ûеĻһΪ鷳顣Ƴ켮ʱơ
ڿٷչƴԣ൱ġ
ƴٷϴˣһдͷ㿪ʼҲζŻʩĲƣܹ켮⡣ܶ鶼øӷ㡣
һڲϵ⣬ѾһЩ뷨
ڵĹѾκʯҪѷɫ٣Ӳ̶ȣҪǣЩ޹Ǳ̺һԣ̺ڵĲ־޹ƳĲϣѾ˵ͨĲϣ̺ԵĲϣ̷ͨϸϡ
ؼʱ޹ֻܶ࣬Ҫɱޣܹȡңȫȡ֮֮ߡԴԴϵĻȡҪĲϻݽߡֻҪ취Щ޹еľӦĲϡ
޹ǣ뵽õһֲϣ켮ϵʡǲģںܶʱ򣬱һġǣڲҪƣͨ޹ǣҲ̺޾


115 ¯
Ҫ취ǲ
ҪĻͱҪһ¯¯У֮ǰץȡ챦Уһ¯¯Ȼ챦¯һﵽˣؼֲϣЩ䶼ֱʮ־ˡ
Ҫɳ챦ǿޱȡ
ŵرϣ
ǣ¯Ҫ𣬲ͨĻ𣬴ִؼ𣬸ҪʿƣϢԪͣϢת
ǣ¯ȴû
¯Уֻ
ûа취ԪתֲϣҪʿԱ߲ϵĽעȥУûа취뿪ʿġȫάңͬǼġۺ֧Ų˶õġ
ɼĲ㡣
ܵõһ¯ᷢɱ䡣ƴķչ𵽾޴áֻ߶𡣶ǲģӦúķѲ̫
۾â˸
û¯ڣҲܹƳ켮ϾڿɲִиֻܿٵƷǵӲƷʽкϳɡûг׼Ҳ˵Ƴ켮ʱĶ
Ȼȥһԡܲʵ֡
ûгɣе뷨һѾȲҪĳ嶯
飬ٶ࣬ǿѡ
صۡ
ڸУѾˣһ
ˣˡѾһʱӭ˵
ȥռһ޵ĹͷҪǱ޳޹ǡпڷԸ
ҪǶ١йâһϹѯʵзԸĵһ£ҪƯƯ
Ҫ̫࣬㿴Ű졣ƽĿһۺ˵
漴ڵĻᣬת˽ȥ
ͣһ£ִֿ첽˳ȥ
һר׼õľС
һ䣬һ֣һ¯Ȼǰ
¯ʮأ¯࣬¯ߣͨɢһֺͭĳ⡣һڱãǳһֹϵģɢǿҵĹϢ
ң¯棬ֳޣȻ֮ӵģţ磬Σ⥣£ǡӣͷ⣬ƺ¯Ǳպϵġȴſպϡ
¯ڲһĲϳ˳žӿ
ǣ֮ӵ£ֱһǿϱõģκ״ĲϣУѸٹ̻۳µģ͡ʮַ㡣ֻҪԸ⣬ģ߿һ򣬿ǳεש顣һ̶ϣʮּ㡣
һ䣬ȻԿ¯УȻһŻ沢ʵʣͬһ̣ƺʱɢһ¯ڲȴƺǬ¯Уصĵơ
ǻƽ챦챦;ޱǿĽǱֻҪﵽӦɱ䣬õ¯ҪӦþ𣬴ⶦе𣬿תκںϺ𡣡
ж¯Ҳʮ⣬ԳƵһϡ챦ֲ϶ԣŲ˼ʦԽ¯ĵرԭ޷Ĳϣ׾
Խ֮顣
ˣҪ޹Ѿȡˡ
ھ⿪˵

еͷӦ
뾲ңһ֣˾ͿٵĽֻ£ǲУֱװһ޹ǣ޵Ĺɲ壬һ㶼һٶУȴ˿ûиоΪʿǵѾԶǰǰоص壬ֻоɡ
ȥ칤ĹһëʣëʾǽɫʣµЩëУƤиɴСͬķֽ״ȡһЩʵѪҪȵģһ͹
пһ͹޹ǣ׵ͷ˵
ڻûʵķֽ޵Ƥȴȫ޵Ѫ̺Ϊɰī֭ʹáϵɰҪЧѡ
ҪƷʦĵ·벻ƷĹ̡
ʧҲ顣
ûϰʧܾǱȻ顣
ǣˡ
һĨϲɫ漴͹˳ȥ
뿪ʱҲȻȻĽ´ϡ
¯
ֽһ޹ֱӽ޹ǵ¯ܡ
¯ûκη϶ģ¯¯ܷģȻһ壬ûȱڡ
޹ȫ¯ܺһְֻ¯ϣ֮˲ע¯С

Ĺע¯˲˸˿˿ɫ⣬͵ſڴ죬һʱһ޹Ծ˵ٶֱӱ֮Ӻ̽ȥŴ͸ſµԨ޹һѸСûУʧ
ȴܸоЩ޹Ѿȫ뵽¯С
¯ھӵĴ죬һպϣͻܷ᳹⡣
޹ǣ
ɫأûκγɣ֮ǰõѶϢڵ֮һע¯С
ˢ
ע룬ϣͿ¯е𣬷·ǻȼһϾͿʼȼ𱻳׵ȼһ±ǣ¯׸ǣ¯УΪһŻ硣
ң۳֮ΪԵһ֣֮߶̺ͬʮֵİԵ
ֻЩ¯е޹ǣڻУԾ˵ٶȿʼڻ޹еʣ˲»ΪУޣյҶʣ¡
ǻưԵ
һ޹ǣģֻʮ֮һʱµģȫǹеľ֡׷ۿɼٶȣڻһεξӨͬʰҺ塣ȴֲҺ衣
һ޹ڻΪҺ壬ȻȻĻһ
޹Ƕ¯ûκѶȡʱһŵľӨҺ塣

һʱͿ¯ϣ֮һţֱſ죬ڿУһɾӨҺӿе䣬ͺѡС
Ҳ£һصģͣͺǷһһϸСķ
ҺעУٵĽЩ϶ע
ӵм̵ҺһУڷٵ̡
¯ĹȻʮ־޴󣬾ôһСʱ䣬ͱһС֣ҵΪҲ֧Ų˶þͻᱻĸɡ֮߶ԶѰҡ
ִ¯Ϸſ


116 ׷ɽ
Ĺ۳ĲϾʲô켮ļƻܲʵʩͿһˡҲ¶ڴ֮ɫ
Ҫϵⶼ޷Ķǿ̸ʲô˵ϲؼġ
ˢ
ֻһӨĿƬзɳڵϡ
һۿȥֻ֮ࡣ
Сͬǰֱǰ֤Сֻ΢һ㡣
һŹǿУָУ񣬶ңиܵһֵң⿨Ƭķʮ㣬һ㶼ûйͬĳأУһֺظС

ָ΢΢һڿƬϷһ־Ө羫ʮöʵĴʮǸƷһĴڡ
ԣҲױ𻵡Ө񣬻ɢΡ
öȻԣùǲĵ뷨Ȼûдֲϴ󣬱̺һصԣѾȥȫ޹еԾۡطĵȫûκ⡣޹ǿԴԴϵĴɱлȡϵԴ⣬Ա֤Ӧ
ڿģ̵ܷʱɷ̡ҪȻһжǿ̸
пǰһŹǿҲһϲ֮ɫѾʵĵһ
ƳЩ󣬲ûлѾҹȥҲǽдѣҪҲضҪȵпܡ
Щġ
ЩռŻռС
Ŀ䣬ٴνԺУһ߼άһԺаݻҪǼϹĦ룬ϣ̵ʱڽֱӡԺУֻڻʱһǳɡ
ҪȻ㻭һʣһʣǸҪȥɷǷģǣؼԪɡ
κͣ٣÷ʧܡ
µһһ㣬ͬĺǵʧܣЩڻжиֻǣΰգҪƷĹһᣬ򡣴ǿġ

ʱȻţ֪УѾʼٽ
𣡣
ɽ⣬һֲ޺мҵɱӡǰʮģ֮䣬ͬҲ᲻ϵɱѹ֮ǰ࣬Ϊ̫ߵһʳгʳȻЩﶼȹࡣ
ǿߣԶ׼Ըߡ
͸ֱʱһġǸʱ򣬴ｵ٣ΪʲôᶢɱȫΪЩУߣ۵ĴڡЩ޹ָ֪ǿҡԣȻȶ֣ǿɱ
һѪҺеıܡ
ͺǷƴܹﶼۼֱӶƴֹϮһδεĳڡʱ䣬ҴկѾʼ١
һδ޹ʬѻɱһδɱƴܣһŨɷɷ˸оЩ޵ĸӦ
һЩͽ׵ޣڶ׿կ
ڣɽ˻УȻһǿҵ˷ܣһ׷˷ܡ
ӣϿǰܣĹʵ̫ˣūں׷ǡҪǱץȥԸֱ޿УҲȱū˸۳ԵҪáһȺҪ硣еޡŮӵĺ
óŮӶ޶ȶūĸйٺã׷ϣǳǱɱԵ޳ˣûʲôɿߵġūУǾļΪңЩ壬Ͳһˡ֮Ϊࡣ
Ҫ֪ǹгԵ⣬³ᣬ֪ܳͬ࣬ЩūȴԳΪ֣Ǻԡ
ͬʳ
޳˲޶ԣʳ˳ûУʳʳ
ߣǸϿ뿪ҿˣǰһɽȣھǰ棬ɽӣ˵лȥĻᡣ
˿ں
ǿӣϿɽУѾܲˣԸ£ҲԸⱻūץߣҵӦÿԸȡһЩʱ䡣
һҵĺ

óЩ˵Ĵá
һС
ɽ棬ֻһȺڷɿǰ񱼣ǿѾû˭ͣ£п־壬˷ܡ
Ⱥ˵ֻܶ࣬м˲
ң޺ϣзݴ£һֱץգֱӴӸ߿£һѾͽֱץڰ˺ƬĿԴԽԵ
ڰУһ˫˫۾ź⣬˳ͽһ䵥ֱ˵ڰУһҽ󣬾Ҳûκ졣
ǻ棬ʮֵĿֲжһֵ
һȺ˿ɽȵڣ۾¶ڴ֮ɫ
쿴ǰл⡣
ǻ⣬һկôĴڣҿгǽɽ࣬оˣ̫ˣоˣ㣬ϿϵǴկǾ͵þˡ
һɽȵϾܿǰƴеĻ⡣
ƴУǾԲϨġÿһʱ䣬ϲ𣬲ûϨڳǽϣвٵʿأʿֵصģÿһ̶ȱңʿǣһϲϢо̫ƣֻͣҪٻѸٸ
ǴеİգԷϳǽЭء
УȫԱ
ҴİգУҲʼЩʺõģѾ̤뵽ʿУΪʿһζõɱ䡣
ǿҵš
ƴϿҲǰδеġ
񣬽ӽڳǽϻģ󻢣Ĭˡ
ľǽ棬ǿվ˵ģߣͬͨĳǽûʲô
쿴ˡ
ĬͻȻ۾һɽڵķſڴ
ˣ࣬Ҳˡ˴ɽڵķϹˡ
ˣҲŮˣһɫţʲôں׷ǡĪ׷ǡ
ЩǴġ治֪ôڵģǵΣգ粽УϣǾȻܵ
һ̣ҲȺ˵ģ
ɫţãһɫ԰ףһ֪һ·ϣԲô򵥵Ĺġ϶ΣգıԵġ
򿪴ţ쾯ӣýʿٶϵǽϣĬȥ֪֪ͨѶϢ
󻢻һɣʱٶӦԡ
ϣѾʼһִ󽫵ȡţй
죬ģͬǺġ


117 

ľǽϵľ˲䱻죬ֱӴկ
ѾǴһʱ̣еİնѾʼѣЩģѾʼ׼𣬼Ӵƣˮ˵
һ죬ܶ˶ڵһʱ䱻ѡ
еķÿһ䷿УǺüһסģȻͬԾסһ˸˾סŮӸŮһסҲǵõɵġկе˭ûƽϣҾסһ˯ǰһ˵˵
һЩ⣬໥ۣ
һִٽá
ң˴֮ĸ顣
Ƕ̶ʱڣжһƬҪԭ֮һ
ڣһٴӴݣ·Ϳʼȥлûϸľ¶׺֮ɫ
Ǿӣ鷢޳կʲôڿ
ߣԣһ𣬵ǽȥڿɲʲô޸֮ͨգڵԴǰʮ
ԣҲɱȥʱҳկҪһͷͳԡ⣬ΪġЩ̺ḻľ¶һڻǱ뺷
УͲڶʲô̫Ŀ־֮ɫ޸Ǿ͸ֱӳԵ׺֮־ͨոеġ
һδθ޹ɱУĥ³ԡ
һȺڰݻ˳񣬸һȺвɱĺȣȫͬġͳʣ飬ǲͬġ
ѾѪĴ
־ȣѾ췭ظı仯
ŸոռҴգܵȾһ¶ԾԾԵɫо˵ţеĵʮֳ㣬ͬһָ޲ɱĺѪԡ
ߣҲȫػǵ峤˵ֻҪҲûʲôµġ޶ѣҲûɱ
һ׺ĳųǽȥ
ɢһǿҵ׺֮ɷڡ
һĻڲٺĴУŮӣ¶һֺ֮ɫ
ӣûʲôֵģƴɲǺ۸ģеж֣ԺҪˣҪˣԿǺж
ǰԼӺ͸С翴ۣΪǰɱУСڰǿɾһҿҪ˶ãǴоҪϲˡ
ڴУŮӸҲˣûǰǽϣǿʼ췹׼ʳֱȥӱߵʳ㣬ȻʳѾʼһ
ÿһЩ⡣
Ҫģȫʳ̵ʱڴӺо֡
Ϊÿܺȵ˭ûôɹ
Ȼʱ쾯ӣǳʲôˡ
ھУٴξһҹлȻйâ˸漴ڵάϣѾĲ࣬Ϊ˼ӿЧʣʱѪ۳֮ӿ׳ٶȡ
άѾڵȫͬĴСӵͬ㷺Өı⡣ص
һֵʮõͨںһ
£ѾԿʼڶ澭Ŀٹͨ
ٶȣߵУҲ൱ľˡ
ڴеͨգ඼Ǵ񺣾һصľУһǿ⻹дԣ侫ٶȴȻֻ۵Ĺ̻Ҫø
еĽʿ󲿷ֽ񺣾ڶأΪԭʮʺΪֻҪɱ۵ɷܿΪ
ڴﵽڶغҪʮٶȿ϶̫졣
ңһ㣬ʣΪսǿῪʼֳ
ˡ
ѾվȺ
ߣȥǽ
׵ͷò˵ĸ־ٶȷʵеʮֵ㡣
ûжԣֱվ󣬸ſ첽ǰȥ
կеķӦٶȼ졣
ǾһɲǣկͺǴӳ˯ѵʨʿٳϳǽҵѾվڳǽϣ档һɫ䣬ǶԣüΪɣٶȣڳΪʿ󣬷Եɱ䡣
ңǽϻдա
һ׺Ŀ档
󻢣֮ǰأô¡
пϳǽѯʵ
㿴档
ָ˵
Ȼ˴ɽҵˣǵӣֻ¾ʮֲҵ̡
Ҳڵһʱ䳯ɨӹȥ
һ۾ͿɽλãŮһɫŵĳƴٸϹϸ˿ڣѪ졣
ֻЩ֮ǰѡҲòǵ˵ıơ˲ܲȣΪȿŽǾȹҪһӱǰȥһػֹʲôʡҲڵһʱӦԡƳйâһ
󻢣ȥ򿪴ţЩӭ
׵ͷͬ
ǣ
󻢵ĵͷӦ
һ֣һӱ͸ٵȥ
Ǵկ
ȾǣޣйҪ׷ˡ
Ǻˣԭˣ׻Ѫ
ȺѾٵĳ嵽Ǹߴľǽڳǽһ׺ʿжʱ¶ǿҵϣϲĺ
ܿĳⲻū壬Ǹһ׻ͬ塣
꣡
ſٴ򿪣Ѿ档
ӭȥ
λ׸ϣȽ˵ƴ壬ǾǰȫˣԺ󶼲ٵ¡Ѿ׼ˮȽȥѹѹ
󻢴˵
̫ˣڰȫˡ
ӹôûм
λСģкܶ׷ϡܵʱ򣬽һȺ޸ˡڿ϶׷ġ
ūūҲ׷ǣ֪û׷
һȺ˿ǣʱӯޣֱεڵأ񱼵˲̫֮ǰãһɣϾ޷ټ֧ȥ뾫ȫѾﵽޡ
ûԥٸཫʿһ˴կС
漴ͽٴιرա
ƴ֣ɢһǿѹ
·һɲȡ
أ
ɽȹȿڣһҺҵĽŲڿٿ񱼣׷УѾɽȵڡ
ֻһĿĹС
Щ￴൱Դ͸һֻֻǹһڵɲһۿһֿ־塣
׺ɲǱɵĹ
ⲻһֻֻһǧ֮ࡣܵٶʮ־ˡ


118 ˪
ЩˣеôݣǱֵʮֽ׳ŵĺ󱳣¶һëչ¶˳Ծļ⣬Ǽ⣬չֳǿıܹһ˲䣬ǿͷ­Ѫڣڵ˸Ĳķâ뺮⡣
Щֱϣһֻֻĸצޱȣ䣬˲˺κεǰǸǰᱻиƬצǣֱϵģһֻֻȭצ
ֱţпֱֽܻŲáٶȣ൱Ŀ졣תۼʹɽȵͨɽ֮УЩȻûǻ۵ġ
һͷƴ塣
ûäĿĳկǿʼѸٵľۼ
˵Ѹӡ
תۼʹﵽǧ
ңЩһ֪Ǿǰ϶ɱͨԣңҲԣʮֵŽᣬҲͷͷĿ
Щ׳ĲУмͷѩףϵëҲѩ֮ɫ۾һɫ۾Χһɱ˪֮ת
ǲѪΪĴڡ
Ϊ˪ˡ
б˪֮ڲУǾǹ壬ߡһڲУǾͷĿ
ڣЩУ⼸ͷ˪Ϊס˿ǣʶĽԴȥֱӶңµǡ
ʲôԸһֱߣңϻбòȴͬҰޣǣѪڣһͲʲôࡣĲˣȻ˶ʮĬӦͬһ䣬Ǵկеġ
⸽Ȼôµһ֧ڡǰͲ֪ɽ֮⣬治֪ɽ澿ŶĹ
ЩжҪկǾͨͨɱǿɲǳصģôֻҪҹǾɱȥιʳ㡣
ڳǽϣտĲˣһжʱˣȴû¶̫Ŀ־壬췢Цһɱڡ
޶ɱЩЩƵĲҲûʲôɱġ
ֻҪǻġǾһɱֻҪǾûʲôµġ
ˡӦһ˲䣬֮ǰЩӦǾ֧˲䣬ԣں汻׷ɱǵ˵ʱӦòЩ˱ʲôˣҪȻƾ֮ǰЩ˵ٶȣֻ²ѵ˲˵׷ɱ
һĨɫ漴Ϳ˵
ӣЩ˲ôߣֻҪʼկƳоһȻ˵
ЩԾԾԵɫ˵۾
ýʿ׼ʱӦЩ˵Ľ
׵ͷ˵
ģĽʿǣɲǰÿһ˶Դ֮ǰԼʮκޣֻҪǾ;Աô׵뿪
ҵɢǿҵš
ıԲκ˺ʵ֮ÿһ˶Եɱ䡣˽ƴ󣬸ǶկһǿҵͬУػ֮ġ
ԸԼȥػ
УٳһƬ
أ
ȻûмͣȥĴ㣬կгǽΧסû̫ҵġҪȥֱֻӽǽƣеķ顣
£Ҫ̫ԥ
ͷ˪췢СǺУһǿҵѪϢ
أ
һĺЩ˿зţͿͬˮֱӴǰկ
죡
Щ˵ٶȿ쵽൱˵ĵزͬڿ񱼣ңֱӽſϣֽŲõǰϮֻܿһӰڵϸ֣һ˫˫͵۾ɢ̵Ĺâ
ˢ
Щ˿կǽʱڳǽļȿʼһ˲䣬ǾŸ籩ȥÿһ磬ң׼ĽǶȥֽǶȣٶȣûӴܵĻᡣ
ۣ
ÿһһͷ˲䶴ЩڸƶĲˣһֱڰеɳȥ׷ҪһɲǼ䣬ʬǶ£ʧ
һαʮ˸
һӾʮͷ˲
ಣ
ңţһαǾŸֱбȥ磬һǴʮֻ˵
Ѿƽ׶Ʒ
ڼзɱ䣬õ䣬һʮ˸Ҳ˵̵ʱڣʮ˸ϵһԱȥҲԷ
ͻȻıƻǿµģǣЩѾﵽƽ׶ƷĲΣҲ񺣾ڶصʿȫһ
ƻνǼΪˡ
α֮󣬴Ӽбÿ䶼һÿһȻὫһͷ˵ɱ
׼˿ûû챦֮
ˢˢˢ
˵࣬ɱļͷ˿㲻ʲôӲ嵽ǣӼڵһֲ׺֮
Խӷĳ
ǽϣһֺĽеļŲ׺˳ȥ
һͬһµļꡣסˡ
ÿһ̺ʮ־޴ڿдݳһ˺ѿХ
ۣ
괩вٲ˵м͸壬Ȼû취һֱӽ嶴Ҳ֡Ѫ
Щֱӱɴ⬣ЩǱˣڵϣĲҺ
սĲң˲ͱȾ
ɱ
ӲǣȥһȺǡ
ǿɲǺ۸ģҪӵ⣬ҲҪȱһڶ
ڳǽϣտѾ˵ǽ£ԥĿʼ̧һ׼õĴʯͷ׺ȥЩʯͷÿһ鶼Ϊأϰٽأȥʱþȫʯͷ̺ӿ¡
ȥܽҳӡ
أ
в˱ʯͷУͱҵĹͷѣֱſڵϣͷѪ⣬˲һƬģѪ䡣ǶҶϣڵϣұ
Сưգܾͬǿս
ȫԱ
꣡
в˵ǽ£צųǽøצնȥľǽϵһնϣ˺ѣľǽܵƻ
飡
вֱڵ͵һţֲĵǵ弸Ҫֱǽϣǻо룬벻Զһ֮ĸ߶ȡצֱӲڳǽϣڳǽϣ
ɱ
нʿֱӻ賤ǹڳǽϵĲ˴̹ȥÿһǹֱ˵ڵһʱҪҲ׺һֻץڳǽϣһֻ֣צֱӳųǹնȥ
ĸצǹһиΡ
ɽУк˵Ĵկڸ﷢ս
ɽڣū˳׷ϹһɽȣͷɽɱĴս


119 ལ
⼸ūһ·׷Щ㼣
ȻУҲСĴۣҪǴ󲿷޶׷ǰִ࣬ۻһ·ϣ֪׷ϵǰɽС
Ҳɽеļɱ۵ס
Ǽǹ֣Ŀʮ־ˣһ۾ܿĳվڳǽϵģԭ壬ǺˣϾ֪һɺ˽ĴկңģС
ЩūѾӽկС
ǾӪ϶ᱻЩūй¶ȥǺܿͻ֪йǵϢڸЩ˹ɱ͸ϻؾӪ
ңҷ֣ɽƺҪѰҵɽȼΪƣ⣬ӦþֻҪϢȥǶԻڴ
ū˶һۣתȥ뿪ɽȣٶȳʱĵ·ء
Ϣʵ̫ˣǿ֪һֱѰһɽȣǰɽƺ͸ҪѰҵļΪơ
ǶڶԷпǿҵ˷ܡ
ģƬɽȣʺūϢԭ԰ֻҪռɽȣū˾ͳ˸Է׳Ժ󣬶ĴȥΪǿ塣
ˣ壡
ūȻֻһ־ͿߣһУɱƳϵŴ磬òȷı¶Щˣٲ׻Ѫ
̺ԢɾͲô򵥵ġǾʹŸпܴһկʲô
һ㣬ʲô¡
壬Ե˾Ӷࡣ
Ҳ׷ЩʱǰȺ˲ؼġ
ЩһսצֱӲڳǽϣһֻֻԻŸצֱӸǽϵĽʿǼɱĸצǹܱնϡ
ңֽŲã
׺ݵĿ⣬˵
ۣ
ڳǽϣʿǹϺ󣬹ϵĽϵĳǹìۼֱַɳ
ìڶ̾УֻҪ㣬սҪ޴
ϰǹʱǻ᳢ѵìļܡ
ЩҲû뵽ϳǹЩǹֱӱһ֧֧ì˲ϣڳǽϣرø١вٲ˱ìᴩŵȥûڷì£ˤڵҲҪˤĽǴϡ
飡
в˴ӳǽֱ˺ѳһڣ˳ȱڣ׺ݵĳկС
ȥ
ӭӵһĵ⣬һһ׳Ĳ˲Ѫ룬ֽ⡣ǿ֫⡣տ硣һȥȻֽ⡣
һվȱڸ
ĵ˲䱬ɱ൱˰Ե
䣡
һӱƽĴ£ٳȱǰֱȱǰ̤أһϾͱһǿҵɷɽơ
պһͷ˴ȱг
̣
ƽϿ³һ
Ų˵Ľʿǣûκԥ˲̧ǹǰ̳ǹУ˸źâ޴ٶȣǹ¿˺ѡ
û뵽ڳƳǽ󣬾ȻһűĳǹӦͬˣצ£ǹֱϡͬһʱ̳ĳǹʵ̫ࡣһ֣ûа취նȫһгǹֱӴ̽ڡ
ͷһѪ
ǰֻǹߣǹ
ڽʿлбõĳǹⳤǹǱģֻһëЩëͬһ̽ڣѪ˳ſ׶ȿѪ۵ذ׶Ҫ¡
ۣ
ȱгĲ˲ӡ
Եģʼնƽһǹ
̧ṇ̀
ǹתǹ
γεľӳǹֻҪһǹͿʼתȱڵλøˣٶȿʼǹƵģ˲¡
ÿһʿгʱӦԡ
ľȻǰѾܶΣӦҲʮ죬ʱǹϾǹ硣
أ
սϣǼͷ˪˱ɫעսɱѾв˴ӳǽ˺ȱڣʱͿʼֱʼŴկϮ
ǵıϮʮֿ¡
Ŀġ
ǽµĵ棬ֱӽһɹɺһͬڱѩϱϮϸһ㾧Өıףȫ˸һɭĹâ
ڿٽӽǽ

йֵսڱ˪ϣ赲ֱӷһս޷ƿףһ£ǿбɳȥ׵ķʮ־ˡЩѾΪʿﵽ񺣾һصĹֶ޷֮˺ѡ
ҲҲ񣬵
ƳͻȻǰ̤һһĨſھͷһϺȡ
ϣ
һУֻӻƳУȻһ׹⣬׹֣ϵĽƳգһͷ˪˳ڳǽʱնȥ
أ
˪˸оһΣ붼룬һ֣һӨıоͳǰңٳŰ׹ӭ˹ȥ
Ȼ򣬱׹ײһ𣬼Ӧͱи룬һ¶׹еȻһѩ׵ĹŽ׺ݵնͷ˪ϣڹŽ£ȻˣҲڹŽķâǰǿбпŽԴиȥ漴ͿɢڰС
꣡
˵ԴӦ䣬ڵϣѪɸߡ
һ
ϡལ
мʾѵĶϡϴǹͬȽ׵ϣͨʮְԵרΪɱ¾ϡ
ҵĴǹལͨУɱ˲ѪɱˣֻƾһſھͿԣɱˡ׺ޱȣݱͨӰԵԽ֮ˣӳԽӵĿǿ
ոһԿĳƳһͨεȿ£УնƱף˪˵Դ˲նϡ
ǳѪ
ԵĽ⣬ŽеϡལȻѪ¼һѧΪΪԲܳԽ񺣾ϣоѵϡͨڣʵڴУѾĲΡҶ޷
пͫһ˲Ժиֳһͷ
Ѫ¼֪һЩϣལ֮һһ۳ལϣ޾ǿսʿѷɫ
ɱ
вûж룬ֱӿһͷ˪ˣſ³һɱ
ɱУ˫˲ɺڰɫ
һںڰɫڰС
ۡ
һ֣Ϊڰ׾˲仮Ƴգһ¾˵ͷ˪ǰ
أ
˪˿ǻƳյĺڰ׾иоǿҵΣϱ׿ʼӨĹâбгźڰ׾նȥ


120 
꣡
ڰ׾糤գƬɼ˸һ㾧Ө⣬һһ֮䣬ײ˲ǵںڰ׾ϣֱӾͱһΰǿн飬Ҷʣ¡ļ˹
һС
顣
ڱеı˪˸ϣֱӵڵϡѪӿȾ档
أ
ʣͷ˪Ŀã˲ֹͣˣĺڽУǰֱկĲ˷׷׿ʼˣ񱼣ߡ뿪կ뿪ǽ
ٳͷ˪˻۹ȥ
ǧͷˣֻʣ²һǧͷ˵ʬɢڳǽܣѪζڿУ쳣Ĵ̱ǣһŨŨɷս
ЩֻڶݵһɱУѾҵ˵ز
˵Ĺﵽǧͷ֮ࡣ
սһ棬ûκνҿԡ
ƴսҾ룬ټϴаմĳΪʿ󣬵õһθԵɱ䣬ȫǵһ˳ԾĵزǴаգѪԣ˲һʱޱȾ˵ġ
ǰһֻҪկկ˶ʧأڣȫͬ档
ͷ˪һֳӵĿɨƴ壬վڳǽϵеˣǳޣǿĿõġֻҪܸоġ
ȻѾƴ峹׼Ǻˡ
ûдôưոݵġ
Ⱥӣûô׷ɱôˣ϶ѾǺƴ壬ҵһʿǰȥ׷ɱ㲻ȫ£ҲҪ߳ɡ
ҵ۾һɣЩ˸ͬģʮּǳģƴڵʵδؾͲܽЩ˳¡
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ǳȥսûе֮㣬ӦԲˣǽսḻҪǣҲּˡЩòʧÿһʿǱġ
Ƴԣңʵĵôڶԣȷʵòʧ񣬴ÿһգÿһʿˣڲϵĳɳΪڷӣһּٱǿĹ̡ÿһ춼ڳɳֹ̻ûнÿ˶൱ĳɳռ䡣
Уκһڴկһεʧ
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˵ĲʵڣóȻ׷ǵʵܹȫѹȻеõֶΡţӵһС
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ҲΪկãûʲô벻Եġ
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ʱȺдһɻĺ
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ǡ
ƳʶĿȥǰӰԼоһ˿Ϥòģǻ۾Ҳ
ܸоһ˿Ϥ
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ңÿڽ磬ΪںԼòᷢһ΢ı䡣Ǽգֱ仯
ֶŮӣ϶ϲ
ŮƺҲ֪Լӱ˲ϵó
ˮ
п˵
м첽һˮ
Ůǰˮϴһףһݡ־ɡ
Žͷ̧
һ̧ͷüһżˮΣˮܽء
òһԵĹŵ䣬ŵʡ۾鶯һԵɫʣͬһӻ߳ŮֲŮĶʣŮУ׿Ⱥ
ŮвţȻһֶصĵС
ֵУΪ̸ֹ֮ϡ
ָо൱΢ģȻͬġ
侹ȻŮӡ
ڿһ̣УҲֳһǰδеĸо඼ɵȻָоͮѩǶûйǵòǲ£ָоȴ޷ݵġ
ǡѼ
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Ůӽ˫ַǰС΢΢һ顣
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ôôᱻԼŪոǸӡءƳȷϺ󣬶ʱǰϸæѯʵ¶֮ɫ
ҵļҲڳ;УͻȻūץˡط䣬ƺҲһЩֵı仯Ǹūһ硣
Ѽ˵


121 ŭ
ǲѼļߵŮһҲڷӦԣҲɵһԵĸдǰŮӣʵ̫ˣǰִ֮УǻʷУǧŵ
Ѽļ֮Ůˣóѧ֡鷨෽棬֮ӣӳڡ˵κβˡǲѧòءͳһʣʵ
ʫԻ
Ӻ˼纣
Ůδؽ޲

˵Ů޲űǵ£⻰һЩŪ˵ԶѣڻĶٲŮмûƷµġеУйʱ¡츣գ츣𢣬֮ӣ֮νĲӣֲ֪ٱ
ʱ򣬻˵һŮ޲űǵô
ļһ˵
֮ǰõٵļ䣬˵ѼҲԣ˵ļҲԡңȴԻδǰΪһЩ䣬ҲѡԵںϡ
ںɱ䣬òøںϴԼɱ塣
ļƴĴ峤У֮ƴ塣һաûƲֻҲѾצ֮£̸ܻڡ
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ļٴΰл״峤Ʋ֮顣ļٴһл
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Цſ˵֮ɫ
Ŀ⣬ûڡ
ҲûйעӣǼΪòġ
ƴĴ峤һֽƴ壬ܱ˶İգȻĲǺӢһȴԶЩӢ֮ҪڵĶࡣ
ļУаһͷ
ŮӿӣܶòΪȡӢӣʲôطױŮУֵκʱǾ޴ġҲЩŮӣ˿ѧ
Ůӣжв飬ʲôǺõģʲôǼٵġ
УһգһկңկʵΪǿȻһֶص
ǲͳƺΪ״磬ƺΪļѼԡ
˵дһֶصԡ
ƳԱ߿иֳһĨ˼Ŀ⣬пǿˣĿ⣬ͨ˲ͬͣоޣ۾ƿĸо
Ŀ⣬нߣȴûзС
ĿϿһۣƳ岻Цۺ׵ͷ
ûжԴ˶˵ʲôаԳѼһˣˣһ飬ŮУƺòǲ飬һҲǾˣܴƴֻ˲вһΰҵߵһ˵һ¡
ûд֣ҪԵ֣Ȼһ
ˣѼ֮ǰūץסôͻȻӳū˵ıԣӦò˴ŶԡƳ忪ѯʵ
Щͨ˾Ȼū˵׷ɱ棬Īʲô顣Ҳ׵ͷ˵
ūӪзңļڰзֺ󣬾ѾĬĬȴϣЩڳֱңūӪճ忪һȱڣĺȫҳȥҲкܶūСڣһ·Ǿһӵ
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ˣǳʤ㣡˵⣬֣û˭İһЩ˸ˡ
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ûҰģ˵ֻ
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Щūˣ˵˵ˣҲ¶һ˿塣ǻ棬κŮ˵һͬĻ档
˵ʲô
˲һ⣬һŭӡٵӿ֡
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ǰЩūͲˡ
ÿЩ޽ǽɱʱҲͨյǰ档󣬻ɶ򣬵ɾֱųԵ߳Իָ˵Ƕ򡣡
ŮҲңҪū裬ֻҪȥŮӣһʬһ׿òûһܻġ̫ˣʵ̫ˡ
ҪûӳǶЩūͲˡûаǵ棬Ҳֻƴһѡھͻˡ
ǰЩūǿǶ򣬾ֻ·ķʵ̫ˡЩ޶硣Ȼ壬ȫӦñɱ֡
ЩӳİҲ¶ŭ֮ɫ˵
ūоǿҵĿߡ
ūѾ֮Ϊࡣ塣Ƥ
ˣ򣿼ֱ
һĨŭ鶼ñ
ΪѾսĵ׵ļޡ
ɱ˿ԣΪͬɱңɱ㣬ɼԭûʲôˣսĵµߡ
ûм˿Խ顣
ѪԵˣ޷ܡ
о޷̡
˭гѯʵ
ļ˵
Щ⵽ģó
ֻҪ⣬ֱܴѶϢ
ԭ
ǸʷϣūеĵλǲĥġǿˣСͷɱˣӶɱ¾ΪԸ̾ңںĻҲвٵ˽⡣Ұģʵһᣬδزܳ¡
˲ܸɳĻᡣ
Ƴоһ˵ǰȥнɱˣýɳŻꡣūΪҲ޷ȥдǰһɱɱ
֮ǰ˵ֻʲôаȻӶŮӾһʵֻ²С֮ǰѾūǰ̽ϢҪ˶ãͻᴫСȫãݴ͡һɱū
΢󻺻˵


122 еı
ūԸڷɽȣƴ󣬾Բ޶á
д֮ǰһȺյУѾƲ⡣ײУݲңݲūߣңĻȥϣڱʱӪȼƣҲӪ󲿷ַ¶˶ٻ
ֻҪϢݹȥ϶ǰɽȡ
Ͼ£һ֧ūҪݻһССĴկǾ׾ٵ飬ûκ赲ūĳ棬ǽһªСկѡֱǰڰϵһ⣬ūԣܷ޶á
ū϶
ȻҪȻҪ׼һݶĴ͡
ǲʲô뷨
Ƴ忴ʱѯʵ
ޣȴıʿڸսıԣҲ㲻̫ڣ֪ļȣֵһᣬȻıϲӰս֣лѹ׵ĵơҲǳܱȵġ
еıȻѾһ뷨
ҲҪеûıϵеĻԺɾͣȻӲɹ
ϣûûвμӹ͵ĴսеֻһЩܳ뷨̸ֻֽ˵һ˵е뷨ʲôԣ
п˵
ǰʱȷʵ飬ִģŴģĵ徭ҵĸ־أǸֲñʼǣիʮƣıԣѧȵȣһЩ
ȻвٶûоɴԭϢըʱǲҲ֪֡۹⣬۽磬˼άɢϣʲκ˲ǳǰʷıʿ٣ĳһ棬ƵģҲܷЩıʿıԡ
ǿģЩıԣǿǻ̡ۣ
κıԶģǿȴǿӦ䣬еȫڸǣıܹﵽԼĿġǶıʿǿ֮ͬһıʿֻ֪հıӲ̸ֽǾֽϻһơʵսĿ顣
ҪȻô࣬ܳΪıʿģΪʲôֻôһ֡ܲ˲ؼġ
ܿڡƳһ˿档
ҪΪսϵıʿͱҪг˵۹⣬һ˼άҪá
ҲеǿҵĺȤ
Ҫһ˵ʲôõķֵūϮ
һūǰǿ϶һβҵɱս
ҹ۲ɽУ͸ԣֻһ޳ϿȣϿͬһɽ룬ֻ·ԽɽСҲ˵ǽϿסЩūͲɱɽСһ̶ϣ⡣һ㣬ѣֻҪôʯͷڶסͿԡ
п˵
˵򵥵ķһ̶ϣūɱɽУڶʱھġկԱ֤ȫֱūֻķʽ
Ȼ⣬Ҳǳ׷Ƕĵ·ңūҸģǽǳҪΪЩū˵ķĹ
֪ū˳˵飬ûдҪ׷ŹЩūˣֻҪпܣһܻȫҪɱ
ʲô⡣ҵҲѾѯʵ
ūǿģ䣬ϳ壬ֻҪӣûһǲġǹĴС츳ֻҪǵסܹūʵȥ롣ȻгǽػƾūӴԶԳǽ޴вɱܲǿͲǿ
п̸ҵ뷨ǣȰЩūơҪƽԭ֮ϣܷӳɱȫ
еͽԼ뷨˵˳
Ƿʲôܸķ˵Ǻܼ򵥡ͣڻƳҵУȴǸоǰһоַĿʮָߡȫһԣһĳɹūǿֶΣͻ᳹׻ΪУɲһʵʮзӲɡ
ɱūž޴İ
ָ˵ķ
ҵԱ߲ϵͷĹκοԡ
һԣȴеĿ⣬ʼЩͬŵˣһֶصŮ˵ɱ൱޴ġ
ʱھβ
дҵĴ£뿪կȥиֹ߶С
ڲпڣֱӰԼסĸۡУۡڣƳҲоססȥҲû˭˵ʲô
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ͳƻˡαң˵ʿһǧٶ⧲£ڷЩǱ֮ǰѾжˣӦĳҩʵ
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һǧūʿɫһУūһһҵܹϢıءҪȻģǶʱûа취ֲġ
ЩĶѾ׷ɱ˶١˵
֮ǰɫ̫һƬڰЩܵĺܿ죬Ƿߣ׷Ķ鱻ɢѾһֱɱЩŮūһҪץסԼɱˣûһڡ
˻ش
βӰʵ̫ˡ
ЩŮһץ󣬶֪Լ³ƺἫΪңûһ׼ȥ׷׺ԥɱԼֿµ³
ߣˣǱǡĿⲻƵЦ

ʱһ
ֻһѪūʿѸٴ˹
֮ǰ׷Щū׷һɽУɽȣҪѰҵɽȣ滹һկǺ˵ĴկЩūӽկСڷ;ޣֵޣܻǵͼ֮ǰѾ±ǡ˳űǣҵɽȡ
ʿ˵꣬Ҳάֲסڵϣһ
֮ǰѾˡܻڣѾǲס
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һĨ˷֮ɫһɨաɽȣĿūϢϱءû뵽ʱ֡
ֱһ֮ϲ
֪ͨȥЩūʬ壬ȫˣҳԶٱġȻɽȣūϢıأҵˡҪǰ
Ц


123 
ȻҴūھӪջٺϾͽɽȵϢ͵ǰǵָɽȣǵķܱءֻҪռǴūһԴţ棬Ϊΰ塣е塣
ͬʿĻ㱨Ҳ¶ϲ֮ɫ
һʾүǾ˴ūġ
뱾ȫͬɽȣĶͣΣҪȡ֣ҲҪӶˣֻΪūū
оһ¶̵ɫ
ԴڱпɽȺѾɽȵԼġ
棬ҽկģʵӦòСӣǸıƣ˷ʤЩĵ˵
ں˵ĸıƣҲмɵ
Щ˵Ļʵ̫࣬˭֪ʲôıơ
ģһСկѣ㲻ʲôУЩԭȻ࣬ȴɢܽٵǿ˭벻ġһկѣʲô˲õĴǿôοūССĴկһͻᱻݻ١
һš
пкüūȫԭȣԭҪη֣ţһСկһ棬ܱ׺Ƶ
ܳΪʲô谭
ȻҪľ١
֪󣬾֪ȻŸǿߣ˶лΪʿֻҪùлǿߡ
Ҫľˡ
ǲ뵽Ը⽫׹ȫΪʵ
Ͼ˽û˭Ը⽫ԼеĹ׵ķȥ
ͺойսûκһ㴫ȥ뷨ҪȥҲҪԼǿ֮Ҫ¸ֶֿβſԣҪȻ飬ǾԲġ
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ʥҲ˽ġ
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ֱ췹ԵЩȥࡣһɫ׺ݣĿдײУԹˣ۾ǻᷢ仯ģУͫڻһɭ̹⡣̹ûа취ɢģںڰУԡһ
ūУⲢ
κѹ
ܿ죬ѾԱ㡣

ܿ죬˿ʼսЩսսÿһƥڲԭ϶ǾϸѡģսЩūͬԴԼֵܡõֵܡܰԼսķסȡԴ
սԵģ˻Ҫáûе죬һȡжǿ

Ѿһƥĺɫսֻֻǰɫëͺ̤Ķһʮ죬мƷھ̤ѩ
Щū㻹ŲˣʮӴ⻹֮ǰڸ޲ɱУ˲ٵԵʣֻࡣ
һɽ纣
οһ𣬼սѹѹľһƬ嵶Źһ˫˫Ŀ⣬⡣
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ǰֻ˵ǵĸоУһ̺вĴڡ˭û׳ǰ޹Ҳԥ˱ᡣ
ݱļ̤ķ߿աвǿݣеʳߡ
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Ȼᵽһ˿ͬѰϢ
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ûܹĿǰߡ
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˵ٶȼ죬ʱһ·УֱӾɽǰǵϿǰ
ͣ
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ôͣ£ĪǷʲôԾ
ԣһǰϿȣܿĵϿȵһͷһƬءֻҪȥܿķܱء
ں˵дһʱ䡣ں˵ıҲ˽⣬顣ָǰϿȵǰ⴦Ͽȣͬ·λãһһѴʯֻҪȵǴϿʯͷ
޵ֿ֮ͻᱻҳ⽴֪˶˶ˡλûκ赲ķա
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Ц˵
ûȻãǧˣʧ𡣲شˡ¡ʵǰκֽϻһơ
˷ȻҲԵͷͬ
Ͼĵǲûпܣо̵飬ó


124 
βԱ۲һϵľȻ֪ǷҲԷһ׶žһ
ͻȻ˵
֪е汦һ챦Ϊ棬ܹ̽ܵĸ־ǿڱʮ졣䱦ңƬ̲ҲֻΣȴûֻ֣֪ܲ̽Χľ󣬽֮ڱС
ڻûĹЧֻû֪
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ԥĻִϵ
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ͬʱ˷ܵĴķ
ȻҲɽȱֵļΪ⣬ѾԼĵطԼĵ̡
ջƬֵǰҪССĴկĨƽ
һޣƴһָһʿǣ棬ȥɱȥȥӶһС棬вƸŮˣūǵȥᣬȥӶᣬȥɱ¾ɱ
һĶϺлص
ݵÿһūʿУһūʿһ̣۾ױó죬ֱУѾ̼ɷѪıԳӿֳ
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ūĳ棬Ļ棬ޱ𺳵ġ
ֻܿɽҰС
ūĳ棬ȻƲɵǰûǿǺѲӵġпƣԵͷƵѹȣǶһǿ
ڳǽϣЩյɫѾʼˡ
ĳԹҵĳȫͬĸܡ
һǽӣһ־Ǵ󺣡
޹ʵһ
ѹūſܱߡƳҲԵͷЩʵԳޡ

ūͻȻʼˤ˴ϵȥսֱˤڸ˶УڵϣսϴĹԴֱײķѡϵūҲ˦ȥڵϣһˤѪģ


125 
ʧǰ㣬ڷٿ񱼵Уɵĺʮصģһ֣ǾͷֱӳŵԹȥ˶УԴײȥֽ֣ѾǿõģսǷҲҪˣϵˣײûʲô
˦ȥڵϣһҪˡ
֮УͻȻǺ͸ӿ¡
ңʧǰģһǳǰһūȫ֣һƥƥսˤڵϣūʿ˲ءѪζ˲ս
ǰ⣬ūû뵽ǰһƽĵشʧǰĿ¾棬ֹٱ۵սֱײЩˤڵصսϣһտģֱԾڣԽˤսغսҲŷʧǰ
һ¾Եڵء
пӰ
ӣӰ
ɣôĿӰ
ҪΪʲôôӣū
£Կƽʱûʲô𣬱ݸǣһƬƽ̹ĵ棬£ֱȥ
ӣ
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ݵ£֪ŶٸСӣӣӼӿӡ
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ӣңǿӵĵ档
־һѣһ޷ѡڳŷǰ浽ǿӡǾ͸һֲĴѡ
ûκսĵнսӲҪ˵ǳ

ǰ涼ǿӡ
ǣͿǸطǿӣǸطǿӡ
͸һƬ׵һ˭Ҳ֪Щӻʲôط
ھ͸оǰģȫǿӡ
˲صսɫѾѿ㣬һҪڳɹˣеŭ𣬼Ҫɽȣ׵ȼ֮һ档׷һա
ĺˣթԭˣʵ̫ˡ
ߵ췢һŭŭ
һ˫۾Ŀƴ壬ɱ⣬κ˶ܿĳġĿɱˣֻƴ嶼ữΪ档
ǰһƬ򣬾ƴ廹в̵ľ롣
ľ룬֪ǰĵϾŶٸӰ
һСӣȻūĴɱƣ˲仯ΪУһ˿ûСһƬӣûʲô̤ȥ߽ȥ
Щӣʵ̫ģ̫ɶˡ
͸ոգʿֻ¾ǧ֮࣬˵ģǲ
ܶū˵ϣ¶֮ɫǰһŵƽԭȴû˸ǰǰĵ棬һ¶־֮ɫ
ǴûиоһƬ˵Ŀֲ־塣
ĺð̫ˡȺūҲн죬ֱ̫ʹˡ
Щūʧǰ㣬ֱӷɳȥӰֱ̫ˡ찡Ҳн졣Щñ
кܶӾڵġ϶١Ըūڿӣʹ졣
ڿаǰֵأ£һھһӣڰǰǿʮһھһӡ񼸸ūˣɶԲסʹ
ĺãЩ˵ԽԽãҳԭˣǾڿӿǡ
ڳǽϣտūʱײеľһǿĵĴЦ̫ʹˣūǵһݡ
֮ǰҪڿԸū˺󣬴еİǶӻԾμӣһԷĿųͷڿӣаգͨˣڿӵٶȼ죬ûзʲô򣬾ôկܣ鲼Сӡ
ңþѡϵĴʩչͨøݿһѸٸǿκεĶ硣ٴӱ濴ǿҪս̤ȥǾҪʧǰ㣬ֱӵǳҪӵĹ񺿵ġ
һƬҡ
ڵĻ棬ˡ
ڿӣһͨķڣȴ𵽲˼áūʧأǶҶǰ򣬶˵ʵ̫ˡ
ûսūɲսɶ
ƣڴڿӣȻǶԸ÷ЩūǲԽƬǿľսٶȣ磬ȴնǵȡ״ݻǵơʿвѾ
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ڿǺܼ򵥵飬ʲôʱڿӣãȴ˭úõġ
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пڿǰͣͲǰūһƬ䣬ںܶ˵УܿɫĹâǳԹĿ⣬ˣԲһ£ǾǻԼĶ޷˵Ĺȥ
ˢ
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ȥϣͿϿϿգһ޴ʯͷ׷״Ͽȥйľоʯ䣬ͽһϿȷס׷סڡҪῪԲô׵顣
ãҪǵ·ǽϿȸסˡ棬ȻҪԸǣҪض·üթԭˡ
ɫһ䣬Ҳֳһ˿ŭ
ҪǱ֮ҪɱҪɱֻū
漴оһǿҵŭ
ҪԵǣǾͿЩ˵ھòã¶һЦ˵


126 ϿϷ
Цȫ¡
еĺ⼸Ҫӿ
·жϣǰ·ǴСӣ׷ĵУǷӲκõģūʵѹƵ㡣
կе֪ǻңѾ׼ҪȻڴڳ˶Ŀӡ׼Ľе·ضϡկеˣǴҪһ򾡡ò˵Щ˵Ұδ̫ˡоһֳͬһ˿ŭ
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һʼѾ׼ǻң֮鶼ѾƵӽض·ǰڿӣ粽Уһ׵ֶΡ
ֳǱ˼Ҫūɱһ
ҪԸֶΣɻԶԶ
Ц˵
ʲôð취ƽӡѯʵ
ȷʵ޷ȥЩԭҲû취ɱǣǿɲʲô׵顣ȻѾҵɽȣǱͲ¸ǺȥһЩƿпӣǾΪӪһƽҾͲţһССĴկסĽŲ
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ٴοһŸ׼ūǱ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ѽʱ仹磬һȥϢһ£ϣһϷҪݡţһԸⳡϷ
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Ѽڴ״׼ĴϷ
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Ȼףϣ϶ٴγֵʱ̣Ҫȥȴûа취³вѧ٣ȴû漰ı֮ϡ
ū˵ľĿЩŮҵĽʱʱڶлᣬȻҪۿūһ߽
ѼӦûûȴȥؾѡһƴУκ˶һ޳ȡһŹĻᡣֻѼȻҲС
ЦŶԲ˵
ˣ鷳״ˡ
һӯӯһЦл
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вһϸֳһĨɬ״˵Цˡ
пûٽȥ
Щ飬ǲܹڼģˮɲΪġֵûζҲ⵱еĹ̡
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ڲؾڣвûòѡԪѡˡĹκϡѡ񣬶ԺĳɾͶŲСӰ졣
ΪģΪƳĹϵжѡˡ
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аԳ
ѡ澭ΪٵѶȲߣңάһһ໥Ӧ
һɣڵʮֽһִһԪٶȻø졣ȡҲࡣôԴԴϵġ
ȻԽ翪ٶĺôԽ
һ䡣
ٴοʼĺͼ
ĺǶϱ޽ޱߣϱķ
ԡ쾭۳֮ʮְԵԣڳ֮ϣԽˡԶѰҪĸǿ졣ңо۳֮Уƺ̺һ޷Ǳֻûн伤

ʱȻš
Уɽгױల£ƴ壬ūûг̽ͻʲôġȻţȴڱһֿơ
ϣһѾƽ
ƽȣֻһСֶѡ
ūóЩĻơ
սϣЩȥսΪūʳ
֪УѾ뵽ҹ֮С
Ժҹūûзɾ衣
ӪȼѣʿֵأȻƴ͵Ӫ㣬ѾӦԡʿڴӪѲӡһƴķ
»ʲôʡ


127 ջ
ƺūǵĵֻǶġƴУûκζֻڳǽϵıڷأûиѡŽգûκοļ֮ǰѾ۲Ҫ뿪կֻһǾùţûд򿪣Ҳ˵û뿪
һӪС
һ棬ӪлһЩū졣Ǿд󽫣ūеʿھҲвС˵ūе֧
˿̣Щ󽫵Ŀⶼڷǰͭžϡ
һ۵С
ϸȥǹžϣȻֳһĻ棬ǻУٲȻƴеľܿھУկڣ˵һƬЦգһƬȻ죬ΧŻѣ⣬׷
Щ׷֮ǰлȡһʡ
ʳȻȡʳ˵ʮֵĳ㣬ȴܹʱڽеĳԷ⡣ټϣҲÿٶԷÿֻһС֣ñʳټܵ޿˵ֻ࣬Ҫе¶ӡ
ĻУ޾ʳ
һĽޱɱ޾ʳ౻ɱʳ
һƴ壬棬ж޶ãԴȡϣǸû۵סֱд
ž
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Ǹʲô˿ûнǷǶǵвһоûСӣǶǵһӣһֲм֮ܲܲŭ
ƴ忴򵥣˵ˡկĹ滮ҡʮ򡣶ңկаպԴ޽ǽոս磬ڶ̶ʱһ㣬ɲʲô׵飬Ҫ֪ɽУûԭĳ
΢΢ü˵
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˼˵
ǰƴûҪҹϮӪ˼ҪȻղ˵ɣ⡣޽֮Сһ㣬ڱĿ̽£ƴ岻˽£ûа취صġ
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ƴ壬Բ֪ǻһ汦Ϣ
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ڶ澭Ѿᴩά
ȻάҲǸոտ٣ܴϸСҪѪ̣һμġ뾭ĿȣǶС顣
ڵҹˡʱ׷ע֮ģή͡ݴϷĺʱ򡣡һȻ˳ȥ
ãҵѾִ
ʱˣ׼ûС
пѯʵ
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ҵɫص˵
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Ц˵
ɫȻһ֮ɫȾģܵ˶ɵһְ֮ġ
ѼǺڴ״׼ĴϷЦգգ۾˵
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˿̣ڴկУһõλУȻһ֧ӡΪ׵ƽӶҾΪǹй֡вֱˮͰģͱװˮ
λεȴҶѾ֧ܲܽūɾͿλֵǵˡνǣŪˣƽҲûʲôٻˡƽһĿдһ˿ᶨö˵ʱ䵽ˣҳ
һ֣˺һʯͷֱӴӵῪ
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ƽСѾˡ
ʿǽ϶ҵ


128 д
ãǾȿϷ׵ͷūӪ¶һĨζɫ
ҹشҶѾˣȥҹλˡһƷʳһ߹ۿϷΡ
ǰĿ
ãô£ŪʳͿԡĳգÿζãθڴ򿪣ÿһζǼµܡ
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129 ūʬɽ
ҵԴˣʮ˽⡣
оУҪǾнµģӪХҲըӪ
Ϊʿľٽսʱ񾭶Ǳġһ⣬пܽǸ񾭸ϵ˲뵽֮С
ҹһըӪʿʧȥǡκοˣᷢ𹥻Ҳֻ֣֪ƴɱǰĵȫնɱԼǽƣ赹ȥŻҪȻд˳޴Ľ쿪ֹ
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ܴʧȥǵ״̬»ָҲҪһ磬ҪлҪʿԷܴӷлָ
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ըӪҲֹˡѾûа취ֹһʼѾ赲ټƽǲͣڵ·Уͬк˴ϮӪľ󣬸״̼ūʿ뵽һķС
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131 ̨
Ҫͷ˺Ƭ⣬ҪһȥϲЩװ۵ĺˣζζ
췢Цݶ˸ź⣬ϣ˿ĵ㺮⸱飬öڻûʽɱǰѾη֣ƶᱻѹסδսӡʤͻᷢת
Ȼ֪ƵҪԡ
Ǿ˭˭Ӧһ챦ԲֱܹұԼһֻ֮С
ľУ˫ֻһܹĸǱ֤ھУûκ˿;뿪ûκη־ӰʤҲ˵һԹƽĻ˫оɱ㲢ûжӰ졣
Ϊ㹱׼Ʒĳֹƫ㣬ҪضҪõ˫Ͽɣȷſãڣȴ㵥ʼЧѾоһʱ佫ҴӦҲôӦӦҲҪӦ
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¶һĨħ⣬һХ
Ȼ䣬һն
һ˼Уһı仯ҲκηõġһȻûб仯ȴ˵б仯ľ͡
Ϊһʱõĵλʱ䡢ٶȶǾȷģǡܽеӵޡһħԵ


132 ֮Ե
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У񶼲ɱǵеͬʱԺٴθֳһ߿˲ͽ־ѹ
ðԵóħԵһѾʼ뵶ĲΡôܽ˵زֱǲܵ顣ĵ츳Ѿ쵽һֲ˼ĳ̶ȡⲻܡп϶й
пһͷ
漴ͽ֮ѹȥ
һĨǿս⡣
ìľ裬֮ǰ뵽ǱѪսìٴθԺУΪɲΪȫì糱ˮӿڻص
Ŀⶢǵ°ĵ⣬սì˲ӳ
ڻӳʱһɲҾȻ糱ˮսìб
֮ԴԴϵĹעսìУսìϸֳһ⡣
ˢ
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ڿȻͻȻԼжʱһ˿š
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ϹâһȻһڵħ˲串ȫڣϣħϣڵħתɢϵϢͬ߳ħͷ

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Կ³棬ǳԡ
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Ŀ̨ϣͬ»ῴҪĻ档
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ΪҴͲǵʿĵȷʵԵħǿ⣬ʱ̫̣ҵìͬ㵶̺޷ȣ㣬ǿ֮л˵
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췢һŭ
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ûʵ֣ûнǿĴū۹ȴĬĮ̆ϡ
ʵǣȻһݴ
İΪԼ׼ģȴ˵ˡֱʹ顣
ˢ
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գȻһǲǿǿһǿֲһʿǿǣֻһĻ
Ҳһ˿¡
ոһɲǣݡȴȫĽ档
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׻Ǹսìײһ𣬱䵶Ҫնսìȴ͹սì̺
һսìбӲǵ
ǵľħԣڱ󣬾Ȼ˲սìնбǿʿķˣ䵶ϵѾĴĻĻһ
׻һۼΪǿǰԵɱͨһȥǸħףֱӼơΡ
֮
ǸħףӦһصͨ
аԳ
ѾˣūѾʲôˡ
Ҫô뿪
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ˢ
һ̣ͻȻ䣬̨͵һ𣬺׵ıŷһ貵Ѫ⣬Ѫ⣬˲ͽڡ
ô£
Ҳ¶һĨ𾪡
ţѪҲһѶϢֱԺС
ܵѶϢҲ¶һĨϲһĨ֮ɫ
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̲סһ˿ϲ
лҪ˵һл
ԭΪеĹ򣬾һǩ£ûκܹ浽ľ޾ֻһ̨ܹ߳
һ׼ķʽΪ׼һֱҪԵĵˣռƷĶѣŴдеһԼ
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ȴ޸һЩ
磬дд˲Լ
һָеľ
ڶһΪעھʤ󣬽ȡӵеһУӵеƴ壬һʤǰƴ֮۶ᡣϵһбġ
ֻ㣬˵ʤߵõһУʧȥС


133 
ıȫУһΪͬеġ
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ԣֻʤߣܻȡһС
һУΪԼ׼ģûԼʧܡƫƫˡ
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һ˿ڡ
ˢ
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ֻǿٵĹĺͼУڴڵһɹӴ³һȫƿصֱ֮С
֮ʼٱǡ
ٶȣඥ
ͺһƿˮֱװµƿ֮ڡ
񺣾ʿĸڡ
ÿ˿ٳ񺣣һж󣬾ɶٵٳ񺣣зԲɴСңûнɵȴΪӣɴС񺣶ԣֻռһС֡
ڣЩԴԴϹעȻȻĻΪ֮ʵ񺣡ڵ񺣣ڳЩ˿ûκѹ٣١
תۼ䣬ڵ֮ͷٵ׳
⣬һħ£ֱӹעеڡֱ׳Ϊ
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аϲ
Ϊȫңǿгھֻ񺣶ѣǣƿص顣
ˢ
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ðԵȻڵ϶ܰᣬ뵽ҵڣʤ߻ȡһУҪұɱֻڵҲᱻõֹ򣬺ðԵ
΢΢ü
ǿĻǾ;Բͨ챦²⣬Ӧ޸ĵĹйءֻ²졣
ܵõһϣȻֵø˵顣
ϣ֮ǰϸֳħסϵͨ۳һսסǱǼΪ޴ֻҪĺãʵٴηɱ䣬õǡ
ϣκΪӶҪ
ƾϣɱ
ˢ
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һ˲䣬һӴѪ糱ˮӿڡ
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ôӴѪ⾫ΪѾ뵽ôС
һĻҲһ˿ǿҵɻ
ⲻڲܾӴľ⾫ǳǧ˵ѪһпܴﵽĲΡ
ѵЩЩūʿѪɡȻôݡūԼ˵ʬ嶼ŹҪԼǿ̤ʯӴô졣
Щֱ뵽ѪУҲֱΪҲ̫Ӵˡ
аԳ
ЩʱѾĸоЩǿֱΪҲ̺ǿĵǱ
ǣЩ̫Ӵˡ
ӿڵٶȸӾˡ
룬һ䣬쾭תһɹɣ³Ϊһɹ֮С
ֻһ֡
һÿһѪС
ʳϸҲ̳ͬʳһٵ

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ңŶһεɶ˲串Ѫͬһ̣õһԵϴӣøӵϸܡѪǿʵ
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ﵽ
Ѫںڶзúڶֺ֮
ɱ˿ûֹͣ
룬ڷǣÿһѪⶼ׳ɱ䡣
ոտٵάۿɼٶֱ׳Ѹǿ׳䣬ͱøһĴ׳͡һɲǣ˶Ծ
ɱ䣬̫ˡ
쵽жоһ˿־塣
ôȥΪͻȻǣԺԲʲô¡ؼǣҵվٶȣٶȣ޷Щڵٶȡ취ѹơ
ΪȻͬڴ
ַıǣ̫ˣҲһֻ᲻ͷ
ףж
ʱз֣һλãͻȻֵǿӴѸٵɽȥһϾͷ֡
λãȻǵ
ϡ
ֻƺЩʮֻֿҪǸͻ޵ֿľС
ڣǿȴڴȥۿɼٶһЩͨÿһ綼ɢŨţʮ־˵ģԭԪɳȫͬ
һֱǵĹ̡
ҩľԴؼ伳ȡԪɳҲɳĻȫԽ󲿷뵽СڵõţţҾͿָҩֲֲԣһֵ̡һ㣬ȵΪҪĸӰȫס
ڲõϵõɳ˲ϢѾ
붼룬ٽڴ󲿷עС
õԷ˵ٶȿʼɳɱ䡣
ٶԶ֮ϡ
ΪʵѸٱǡ
һںգͲ֪ȥá
֪УֵѪѾɢ
ϵϢȴһɲǼ䣬ޱȸߴ


134 
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ڳһɲǺȴƺһĶڻص¶·ļϣһı⡣˸
ڶʿ񺣾൱ȴѹԽʯͷֱĳɷĩԲɵ񺣣ȻˡֱһδաӴΪ̣澭ȫˮɡֱ
ؼǵϡȻֱӱǵĶĴСĴСҪ֪Ҫ೤ʱ
ҵ
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εջʵ̫ˣζЦѵĵز
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һΣʵ췭ظɱ䣬˵ͨıϣƤ̲ƣӲҪ˵ܹѹ󲿷񺣾ʿֱͨһѪ顣
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ˢ
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ˡ
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ϷɣڵܻҪΣա
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ˣˣҲˡ
ˣôûˡЩǲŹǵġ
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п˵
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ҡҡͷ˵
ū
һȺ˵ѾԡһǧΣҲֵκͬ顣
ǾͺãѼҪǲ뿴ǾȻȥ׵ͷ
ɱһ
ٴζҵڷԸ
дűɷ
ˣЩūûгԹˣ±ʱҲδػɱ֣ūҲܳ䵱һȺ˵޼ȥ
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ҵһݣصĵͷӦ
ûκ⣬ҵŽʿ̤կֱӪУЩѾ޷֮ĵūԥľһ֡ɱ
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Ƭ̼䣬ͱɱ
һ
ֻūɽС
Ҳ߳կھӪһȺУȻȻɢһǿūʬһ߾꣬С꣬ҲûзŹ


135 ͨ鱦
Щū˵꣬ҲǳģֻصĻᣬжûдǣнУ˲ͱͼϯȥΪ֮СϸֳһһӰϵƬڷĹâ
Լ䣬ƺͷҲСǡ
ɱ䡣
ȻЩ꣬ɱĳ̶ȡ
øǿԶ׼ġ
ҪĻܵõ֮͸Ϊϧ֮ǰūʿ궼׼ȥҪȻǣ˵Ϳһɱ䡣

Ļ̺棬ҪĻǣӴۣѾڶ֮ͨͨǿƷ׵ġ
ͺڶֻǻƽͨ
ͨƷ׷ΪƣأƷ֮ϣΪصģͨѾһʿ֪ģҲ֪
ֻ֪УͨһʼǻƽͨͨǱͬЩͨǱпֻǿɱ䵽ƽ۷壬ǴﵽײΡȴؽײΣЩͨǱؽףײΡֻҪԴԵѡ
ǱĲͬͨɳļޡĴС
ǱɱͨʮְԵԻֻǹһɱ͸ӰԵǽΪͨ
ڣҲǻƽͨġ
սһȦ
ûͣ٣ֱӷشկ
ʬ壬ȻáЩҲȥԸ飬С¶ѣҪʬ壬ֱټ򵥲ӽιʳ㶼ԡ
ʳ㷱ǺܿµġֻҪгʳҪܵĻҪ˶ãͻ᳹׷ġ
صۡڣֱ߽С
ּ䣬ֻƷǰ
ЩȻ̨ϣϻȡƷ
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࣬ÿһ涼ɢһı⡣
˲С˵ЩӶģı̫࣬ʤǴ²İжȡġʲߡ
аԳ
һʼ鿴ǰƷ
Ļᡣ
κʱ鼮ġ֪ʶ봫У޼֮
һⱾ棬ȻֳһĨɫ
ħ¼롶ħͼŮΪ¯ȡӶΪ˫޴󷨡¯Խ࣬Խ죬Ϊħħ
ڹۿУһŹֵħ׵ĴдݶԺУ˲һҪⱾħħͼͷ

ħһڣ˲䣬һٴ𣬺Ľħֱ飬
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ܷϣһŶ˫޹
ħħҲǻ۵Ľᾧûд֮߸ŽؾУֻҪһͲô׵顣
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ڶУڷһɲǣͿһԲ䵶ǰǱ䵶ͬһħ԰㣬Ҫȥ
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ǧ˰̬ƺС
һۿȥƺÿ˶ҵԼӰ
䣬ǹٻӵܡǸƶ񡣿ǶˣˣǾˣʿˣˣŮˡ棬ͬܿͼ
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УҲɰɻ΢΢üв⡣
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˼⡶˾ܡܷʲôߡ
пš˾Ҳ档
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ϣҲһ֡
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ϸֳӳУͫȻһаһݡ
ףⱾ˾һʺĶ챦ûмȶ֮ÿһǰȥ򣬶пܻȡͬĹƷҲие͡޷ȷõʲôпܾͨĹпĹ
ԵԵʱ
ֻоŴλᣬÿһζ޼۵ġκιҪĸӱ󡣡
ҲɰԵһõĺãһɳ졣Σֵ޷
һصĽ˾սռС
ʲô챦Ȼһͭž
ĿҲʼͭžϡ
žһ۾ܿԲͨͭ
ͨ鱦̽ΧھУ޷ֱָλá̽Ѱ̽졣֪ƽ챦
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汦Ϊͨ鱦νʮ־ˣܾ̽̽ȿڡң̽죬֪졣
ֻǻƽ챦еͨģܾ̽ȴȷָʲôλã̽󣬵Χ϶С㡣̽죬֪ǸӲġֻǼ򵥵һЩ΢
ҪҵһūϢıأڱϣ͸ֳɽȵľ󣬵ȴʾǰλǸʾġָֻڸΧѡ


136 µһ
ͺͯУʺħϣ˭Ư˭ħϸֳӰһĵͨ鱦;ңֱ֪飬Ҫ̽Ƶġ
޷ĳ̶ȡ
ֻһԤʾѡ
֮ǰΪѰеͷʹͨ鱦ͿԽʡ̫๦̽ʦԽʡֻҪűϸѲһ飬Ϳ֪ûҵҽҵļƻֱӿʼ
лңķչ
вɴϲûǹڣ죬ͱͯӣ˰챦͹
ͨ鱦жʣļƷԽӵڴ
Ǹսì
սìͨ嶼ֳһͭɫУȻһɺصϢңȻʮֳأ˵ߣһսìȻвٽأ˳صıһöòֺͨصϢһʿõҲ費
ۣ
סսì־ǰ̳սìƿգì´˺ѵ
һּΪ˳ֵĸоսìдݶ
һսìһսìһսì챦֮ǰǸҪǿҲȻɸоеᣬڻ֡ƽѡңûκηġͬһŰֽͿдһ̥
иеǣսìһ̥ûκηģģʵǽơ̥Ҳζţɶսìļ
սìȫΪͬһɳҪսìΪҪôаԳ
ܶʿϲýսԼɷɽǧնͷԳΪĽޣһ򷨣Ҳѡ񵶣ֱӰԵ
ȴȽϲսì
Ϊսìһǰ
ֻǳһ£ͺԥսìϵһξѪѪսìк˲仯Ϊһ⣬ڣС
һɹ֮ȻȻĿʼϴˢսìսì
սì֮ϵϵӡ
һƽ𽨴磬Ѿˡ
ץһƣͨƽɫȻһƽ𽨴Ҳɰҡҡͷ⽨һ㶼ϡռУв潨ƣǰٵ򱦺УֱͨձƷٶϰٿ齨ռС
ĶһѾ㹻ˡ
ǻƽ𽨴Ҳû̫á
ӽռСĿһƷϡ
һơ
ֻǣƸͬ
ٽϣһЩص
ʲôơ
нסϸš
ͨ嶼һְľӨһͬһѪơһ𣬻ΪΪ˵Ĺ׭µһ
⼸Уһ޵а糱ˮϯ˲һǿҵĴһɽͻȻѹһ
ǹУܵһֻҪԸ⣬ǹ˲佫ԼĨɱ
̫Ե
вԽӵһ˿֮ġ
ϧƵһӴҪˣҪ֪ѶϢɱⲻҪõ顣
Ҳ֪СúѩڶôٲøһѪ档飬Ҳ뵽ֿǡ
ҲҪ˵ΣգǾûУΣգҲԱȲڵԼ
ҡҡͷû롣
Ʋ̽
ͨƣµһͨƣӵߣµһῪʱƾͨƣֱӽؾμᡣ
ϣֳһ֡
ƺȻһͨơǽµһƾ֤ӵܾǰʸ񡣶ûƣǲǰؾġ
Ȼ챦µһᣬؾͨƣѵĳʱ򣬾µһᡣĳؾ֮ô
µһ˭֯˭еġ˾УʲôĶǿ߻ߴܡ
һɲǼ䣬Ժиֳͷתص
ѶϢ̫٣ô˼Ǹоû̫ͷ
µһỹؾⶼǵһ֪ѶϢ
½ں磬طɱ䣬˭֪ʲôı仯ؾҲǿģЩ飬̽ģȻ֣ǾͿ϶ԭġ磬̫ء磬ԲֹжӦûֻƺ֪ЩϢп־Ľơ
аԳ
ƣѡŽռС
벻ͨԺȻڵԼûбҪľЩ
ȵµһῪʱȻܹ֪һС
Ǹٴοµ澭ˡ棬ǰδУұɴ󸻺澭ѡķʽḶֱ́ٶȣڿٺȫһ쿪һ澭Ľȡ
вһȡ
ûѡپ
ǰ죬ƴеɲ١ңͨ鱦ܷڸҵҪҵǲǶƴҪ顣ȫԷϽС
ˣ
߳ҾͿѾ档
һȥһˡ
׵ͷ˵
ǣˡĴӦ
կеûйĸ棬һתһЩ¸ȥʡңֻǰٷϴ˵Ľ׶Ρһ㶼ûС
ֻҪץͿԡ
߳կóͨ鱦
һֱӹעеı֮С
ɱ
һӱбֱǰĵ֮С
漴ͿڱϹâ˸Ȼֳµľ󣬴ʯڱг֡
һɨ²ûгκļ
ȻֱӲ̽µڣ̸̽顣ĺܿ졣Ҳǰһ
̽鷽ʽ˵ʮְԵңȷ©ֻҪУѾҵļ̽Уǳͣıġ
̽£ɨʱʯͷӲĵؿǣȻ󡣼ӿ졣ģʮ־ˡ
£񺣾صΪ֧̫á
ңֻ̽ԾԵĶʵڵϣļͬ
ѷֱ¾ʲô
ֳĶһɫĴ֮
ֻܿһƬɫ
կûУȥɽڵλò̽һ¡
̽կܺ󣬴կ棬ûз󡣿ʲôطһ㣬ֲ֪ѰѨֻñ취һ̽⡣


137 ̽
һ·һ·̽顣
֪УǵϿǰ
ˢ
ͻȻ䣬ͨ鱦УȻһƬ⡣һںڰĹâӹžи֡Ȼ䣬ֻڹžеĻ˲俪ʼáһŤĿֱӳھС
п
п̲סһ˿ϲ඼΢΢
ֱһδϢĳ֣ɣǴͨ鱦Ŀ̽鵽¿ټ
ūȥڼ
˵
̽ϿߵĴɽ¡
ǰ֪Ҫǰȥ̽󣬲һڴõġ
нһ˳ݸԷ㣬˵൱ϬҪ̫ࡣ
žٵĳ嵽̽ɽ£עУþһ¾ͱ÷ޱȣھ͸Ƕһ׾ٵı򿪣ӹȥһʿھټеĹߡ
һ𣬿˵൱ɡ
沢˵Ѿͬ¶ĿֻǱһסѡ

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Ȼٴӵ˳ץһ鰵ɫĿʯ
ʯһʯпóǿʯоһϳһʯʯѰɫְɫңУвСķǳ
֮ǰ̽ĹģСһֱŵ£ɽӡԲСͿƴ󣬶õ޴Ļ⣬ƴҲȱԸ㡣
һгʯܴıסߵȵȣôнٶٴδ
ãˡǿԽկٵȼü֮Ūı飬ò˶ãڣԺٲҪס
Ǳ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ڵĴկԣʮҪ
ⶼ˵ĺˡ˵ɫ伫
һ㲻ʲôǼ̽飬ϣڸҵ˲ޱ֮ءɽţŵλÿ϶رɽӦҲ̺Ų׵
вûжҵһ͸е㡣
ֻǸոտʼѡ
УұûС
ԺиֳһͷʶĿʼͨ鱦̽ұߵĴɽ
ˢ
̽˲䣬ӱУ͸ֳһ貵⡣ʮҫۡƺֱ
һʯ󡣡
еҲɵķһ¶ϲ֮ɫӱиֳӴԺ֪һ̺ԵĿĿܾǾʯ
ڣɽڡҪ֪ǲһʯ󡣡
һĨȻ˵
ǣˡ
ҪԸнгʱϾͿɽھ
˫磬ʡ
ȻͬǺŲķھһ
ʹڳĴ˳
ˣǴӵڳġūܸо⾧ʯ̺ḻԪң൱
żʯǰ¶ϲ֮ɫ˵
ǿʯͬúһʯͷͨ˸ţͬʸУƺ̺һصԪܾٱƽʱмȡԪҪĸӾʵʰԪһ۳ľ
ɾԪĳԭ򣬻һԴԴϣ쳤վú۶ɣ̺ӴԪɫֳɫӦԪŨͣͣƷĺʯǾΧڣ϶Ʒʻпڵͭ󣬰ǻƽ𾧿ƷʸߵĶ⾧󡣡
еϲڸǲס
һĺôֱ޷ġһţܷչ׳пܾǽһĻϡļֵ֪޼۵ġ

ڲöʯеʱͻȻһдһӰٻڲеĺʯѾʧ
̻ʡ
п΢΢üƤһеһͷʹ
ڲǰʯߵģ̻ʣû˭
ۣ֮ǰ֣ǹܳҪЩʲôñʴǣиں棬ҪȻҪı
ζҸоϵζʳˣҵĿˮҪˡ
ҵôóԵĶȻ벻ңʵڲ̰ʯͷʲôҸоȥҿ϶кô
ʯͷʲôھʹ㡣ûУҲû㲻ҪԣǾԲԵ뷨
ʯͷԼջҵġ
̻ǵ۾ϱӵĳֶצµĺʯ۴С۾ˣȴͣ
ڻĵ·ϣѾǽнԶˡ
꣡
һ߶ţһſھҧöʯҲ֪̻ʵôģҧ棬Ȼʯҧһ飬̽вϵĽԸԵĴ죬ڳԳһ
ڳζ̻ʵ۾ڵľͽ龧ʯֱӳȥ
óԣǺóԣҸоһٴ͡
̻嶼ڷ˷ܵڷоԾʯȿйͷҪ̫࣬Ǽֱһãһûκοɱԡ
оȥƺһתÿһѪȥȻоԼʼǿˡ
ȮʲôҳԣѹùӶܳԵȥп̻ʽ龧ʯȥһܵӣҲɵǳһ£ҡͷ
ô֪ʳ˷ùӣʾǳ⣬űӣǷùİӻóԣںʯͷҪóԡǡˮǧ߰
̻һζ̬ƺ
ˮǧߣ
̻˵Ļʱиֺ޲ýĳ嶯
ҲǰȻ̻ʯܳȥԵĽζʣѾԵɱ䡣ú󾿾ʲô
ʯԾͳˣڸҹһȥ죬ҪȻҾ½ǵùҪҵƴźˮ죬ҲҪɹҹ
΢΢ü˵
㲻ô̻ʣԲôԴӢĻߣҿǹʣҪԺ󱾻ʻʲôҵĳ񡣡
̻ſڼһžĽ
죬Ұһߣÿ춼оʯԣҪ˵һ䣬㾧ʯҶԲһһĪĥ

̻۾һУͣ۾âĶĴУҪˮǧˡ


138 
̻ԺоʯԺϾ۷Ź⣬ƨƨߵܵǴڣƨһףôھʯǰֻ۾ɨܣһ׼ʱžʯ󣬲κ˴ǰ͵κһ龧ʯ
ѾʳԼĿ
ݲóκ⡣
пֻҡҡͷû˵ֻҪ̻ʲھģң̻ǿ϶Ա֤󲻻˽롣԰ȫޱȡ
ȥ֪ͨϴ˹һˡУѦһˡƽһӽʿǹ
пٿڷԸ
ҵʵ̫Ȼ޷֪ľж٣ڶԣѾһ޷ĲƸƴġʯջ󣬾޷СӣܹʿѸΪı˭֪᲻˾ܲסջս͵ԡ
̻ڣȷһʧ
Ѹȥ
ûƬ̡
һʿƽĴ£ٸϹ
ƳѦҲС
ҵˡƳ¶˷֮ɫѯʵ
죬Χκ˶׼׿ƽһָ֣ǰʿѸٽ󸽽ɾ䷶Χ
ȻŨ˵Ԫʵʻ۶ɣʿž޴ܼӿٶȡڣƴ壬Ҫ̴ɳٶȱȻ졣
Ѧֻ۾Ҫ
ֳ̼ڽǮбκ˶ҪǿҡܸоͨĽ϶ʿֶֻ֮ͨʿõľʯʿ֮мֵйĴڣɣƽбеıƷ֮һ
ҲпܳΪҵһƷ
ң֮ǰƳһ䣬ֻҪҵ󣬾ͿĻҡԣͲ²⣬ЩʯпԺƴеĻңп½еĻҡ
Ϊֻ̼֣лңܴٽķչ
ҴЩʯʺƴĻҡԺЩңǹ򱦵ƹܡԺҵȨҲύ򱦵ִơ󣬾ҵԭϡǰҵϵţνҪûʲô顣
ҵרдûоԼȫš㵽
ֻڷϽаѿءЩѯרҵʿ׼ȷġ
ʯңȻǼΪȷģ½ȻǻᲽ֮УʿԽԽ࣬ƴ˵ͨѾʺס
֮ǻңΪұмֵģϡٵģǱġͨУǹƷʮϡ٣ԻΪ˶ԽܵĻңͨʿУͬʯȴΪÿһʿáҪֵȻȻȥ
ѦЩȻԼᣬܰңͷôܲȥ
ԾʯҵĻǾͱҪԭȵľʯȻԾʯ죬뾧ʯûʲô̫ԾʯҲԽнףڵ޷Ժ㾧ʯԽƷǻϵͻܵ벻ңûκңֱþʯнס
Ѧ𿪿˵Լеĵǡ
þʯָһ£ĥǮңǸԭȵľʯʲôؼʱܵҵĳױǣеĽϵ
κλңҪȼۡ䲻ɸģ¡
ͺκιҵĻңһּٱңǴģӵĻɵĺӰʵ̫ˡңһչֳ档
Ҫңǿ϶Ҫһ޶ңܾͨԣʿҲԸɡӵ뾧ʯͬԡһϰԵġһֻϤ󣬾ͻϿͻԻΪλнסһ⡣
ʯǻֱɢɷĩΪ׻ΪУһ˿ɻңҿԱһǮҲͻΪУײˡ뾧ʯûʲôǮңġܴмȡԪɿԱǮҲѦһָʺϳΪǮҽͨ
п˵Լеԥ
ǴԾʯңȻĻңһǾͱɷĩˡһöһöҪⷽ죬˵ԱҲ𡣿ˣΪҽͨ
аԥĵط
ûԪ棬Ļңýľû
δػ˿ˡ
а취ĻԪ󣬲ᱻǮҡ¾ãʯԪ۶ɣһһϦԵʿԽԽ࣬ԾʯԽԽ࣬һģһ֡пܻþʯԽԽ١ǿݽߡóĻң˵ܲ˼ı仯
Ѧһ󣬻˵
һۣʹ仰Ѿܿĳ˼άѰ˲ͬĸԶĸࡣĵǲ޵
Ҫ֪ʯƷ
ÿ˶ģҪÿ춼һ֣Ҫһ죬ݽߣҲµľ󣬻߾ڲϼٵĻʱϵ˶
ҪĻңǾͿԴӸԴ϶Ͼֿܡ
һݡ
֪¯ܲ¯ֻ֪ܹǮңȴûϸ˽Ҫ⣬ҪҵĸԴС
аԵͷ
ⶫ˳Ϧģþһǳɡ
һЩʯҴȥһҡܷʺϵĻҡ
ٶ࣬ҲֱӶ˵
ʱڿһʯ
ֱӷشկ
ھж£ּ䣬һ¯ھС
¯ءܷͨģǵλãһֻɫſ죬һ²ģ·һֻ󸡣
ģͺһ¯¯һ𣬻Ȼһ壬˵ĺг
ңĿУһöǮ
ֻǣöǮԵʮãģʱԱõġûг׶͡
̲ƣ½Ǯһ죬һڵأһǬ¯
ϸ̽ǰ¯¯ͨûκη϶Դ򿪵ģɴҲϣһңͻн³
öģĽǮǮģҪʲôǮңֻҪýеöǮ۳ʲôģʮַ졣챦֮ơ
ؼǣ¯У̺Ŷص
ΪǬǮ
¯ĸڡκ¯ҪҪȻǲǮҡ
һԿ
һö¯ϵӹȥֱӾ˽ȥ
һ¯йעȥ


139 Բڷ
ͬʱʼҪǮģ
ңĸоֻҪԼԸ⣬ڽеŽ⣬ͻֱ۳ʲôģ۳ɽԪԡֻһ֮顣
Ȼ۳ɽԪ붼û
УǮңɿһСͬӲһͨ嶼һ飬ѡǻͭ״
Բڷ
ڻУһʼΪԲģǷġԲط֮˵ǧţŻǻ۽ᾧ棬̺Ŵĵ
ʿ
ѧ˵УӰӴڡ
ͬԲطҲǻĶصۼ
θı䣬ı䲻ڻ׻Ѫݣ磬ڸǰͬϣܼ̳дһЩڻǰۼ
ңԲƽȡݡгĵɽжȡԶб֮䷱ϢһΪ͹Ӧѭ֮
ûйأɷԲ
ԲûǣЯС⡰㡱Իˣ㼺Ҳ˵ľǷ˼ǷԼ⿴Ƽ򵥵ĵȴᣬᴩлǧ֮С˱㼺Ǻгеĵ
˵̺ĵ
ңѡǮģͣͬԲڷǮ״
ѸǮģ͵ĹڽУȻͳһöõĽǮ

¯תֻͽȥöʯֱ¯бѸڻһصСΪһҺ塣
󣬽ſһ£һööԲڷǮҾôȻȻĴӽ˳
ֻ࣬ʮö
ǮҵɫһƬڣȴ˸žӨĹâ
УЩǮŲСķ湴ճͼƣγͼֳ׭㣡
ڷ棬һɽӽ壬İ̬ͬһϺͼľйٻ£䣬ũдȵȣЩʮϸСȴڿ˾еǸͼӳԺеľֱ档
¯棬Ǿ¾ס
Ҳ׭ƣ
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þ¾Ǯҡ¯Ȼ棬̼ͽһöʯԶصķʽ۳ǮҡӨˮʮ㣬¡ͬƷȻɡңҲܸ̺ܵһ쾫Ԫô
һҪģպ󲻻ᱻĻңңֵܾܵõʿϿɵĻҡܸʿ档
һ䡣
סһöǮҡ
תһȻȻĴдݶٵĽǮ̺ľԪǣ
ԪܾҪδܹ
ңֱǮ̺ԪȡԪٶȲҪ죬ǿϺܶ౶ϾԪʵʻĽᾧ̺ԪȻεԪȵġͬԪֱӹһ
ȻǮҾʵʻԪ̺žԪһö˵Ҳ൱һյԪҪͨˣ˵൱ʮܼȡԪʯٶȱø졣Ӿˡ
Ծʯ죬ȻԪûа취ǮұĴڡ
пѾױɷĩǮң΢΢ҡͷ
ʯûа취ġ
һңȻʧܵġ
ѰңͭжҪĲϡľʯУҿԼ磬޹ǴĹ߼ıġ޹ǾԿ
ʲôǮңṩֲϣ¯ȫĽںһ¯֮ؼǿṩʲôĲϡ
һʧܺ
ٴοʼڶңηֱóһ龧ʯһ޹ǾĹǾͬʱ¯ȥ
ҪٴοʼʱͻȻ俴ռеԸ顣йâһԺвɸֳһͷ
ǽԸҲӽȥĻǻ᲻仯ҵļֵͨͨĹУǻˣңǰʿͨʮֹ㣬ң˶ʢǮңǮǮҼɷⶼΪЩǮͨУˡȵȡʵЩ˵һԸ
ǮΪңܹͨƷ;ˣһתý飬Ǽϣ˿ЩԸǮֱܹӻԸ˵صãǮΪԸý顣Ը
Ժеһ˲޵롣
˵Ǯǰģɷϣ˶ҪûܹǮܳԸֵøе⡣ؼǣǮҾǿĻԸһΪؼ
΢䣬ٴνһöԸŽ¯С
漴Ϳʼ
ʯǾ¯пöԸҲѸڻ¯£ֲȻȻںһ𣬻ΪһžӨҺ壬һҺС
Ը¯еƺ׳еƿء
ܿģһŽ˸
˵ĵԸ̼߷ߺȽ

Ƶʱ֮ǰңʮֹ֪ȥã󸷽ſ³һööɫǮҡ
ǰȣȫͬ
ɫʵأͬģ֮ǰ㣬ơǳ飬İ̬ɽӽ塣
Ȼǽɫģң֮ǰ㣬̺ͨԪӾˣң滹Ըճܶء
ôһöϽɫ
һǮҸ죬ƺǾԸԵʣɫɽɫӲӵġʮҫѤң澹ȻһöϽɫġ
Լ䣬һ˿ԡ
УԱǮҪӵĺء
̺һֶصϡ
ƺǮҲصϵ
һöѵǡĸǮǮĸ
аһоܸоǮҵĴڣǮҵԴͷһܹƿǮļ
ÿһöǮöϽɫǮҾһǣһ
öĸǮһö
öϽǮƺŶصĽơⲻͨǮӵеġ
Ϊ֤ʵеĲ²⣬кԥĵһξѪϽϡǵξѪȻϽСˢöϽҶʱͻΪһϽâڣϿա֮ϴɱ䡣
ĸǮңһƽ׷û뵽ɾʯǾԸ飬ȻһöĸǮ
ҲŴͣǲ졣


140 
˲䣬ܵľ֪ĸǮѶϢ
ĸǮ˵ǮƷУȻǵһǮңԾʯģȻûеһǮҾĸǮ˵ͨġԸ룬ȴǮҳһ˿䡣¯УȻһöĸǮ
ɱϽɫ
ͬǮеɢ֮
ĸǮ򵥣ͬеǮңöĸǮûһöǮңȻȻͻһĸǮϵһؼǡĸǮһֶصΪĸĽĸǮٻǮ̣Ǳȵһʱٻ
ǮͨУһɹԸ˻ȻȻĻĸǮϡһֱֻӴĸǮһǻֱԸ
ҪǮҳͨ
֪ܱܲ
ٴһöɫǮңУʱ͸оסǮҵ˲䣬һصĸоڣԪȻˡ
ңҲܴеǮмȡԪ
ٶ⻹Ϊƴ֮֮еӵġѵԸô
аһ˿ɡ
ûгɣɿټȡǮ̺Ԫ
֪УǮ̺ԪѾȫȡһա
ۿԪһ㱻ȡɫǮұԽԽԪȡ󣬱ɫǮңһӾͱѩһƬͬ㾧Ө͸ѾûκԪĴڣȴû֮ͬǰһ׻𡣷ͬƷһ
ɴڣֻɫ˶ѡ
ٲǽɫǰˮ͸
ȷʵκԪ
Ǯұɲ򵥡
ף
ţоͷһֻеöǮңֱӻΪһ׹⣬ʧˡ׹⣬ֱӴǮϵķο׶дġֱʧģ˳ŷֱʧһ׶ûУûа취ƺǮ̺Ԫױյ󣬾ͿʼĳصĽƷš
йâһսڵöϽɫĸǮȻ֣вͬϽɫĸǮϣȻһöǮңĸǮϡ
Լ䣬ĸǮǮһ˿˿ԪȻȻıϽҼȡһ㴫ݵǮСֹ̲죬ȷȷʵʵԪڳѾȡԪİǮעȥ
ڰǮϣ˸һ˿ܲ۵Ľɫâʮ΢΢ɲ졣
ԭĸĽǮеԪһɲǡٻǲ赲ģû뵽ϽĸǮΪģȻѾľԪǮٴμȡԪһֱָǲ˼顣ǵõһ˲õı
мļ۾Ҫ඼ֱ
䣬ԣĺô
ȣյǮңٴλãһʱ䣬ͿñĵԪٴλָ»ָԭȵĽɫֿٴͨȥΨһǣЩǮһָʱ便ж೤ҪáΣʱ䲻̣һɵġ
ֻҪָܻǾԹջ
ֻҪһöǮңֻҪöǮûܵԵˣûбٻǾͿѭѭѭʹãһеǮƣԼġ˵ԺԶȱǮơǾ۱裬ԴԴϣ಻
һ뵽ЩУоھ
ʲôԺǿĵ̺ܡ
£ҪܣǮܾԸٶȵȻֻѾǷ滹̺ԪǮңÿһʿϿɣҽʹ˵лΪĻ֮һ
һҪһõ֣˵Ʊң̫Ƭ棬ڴǾ죬֡
неļǿѹȥһԳ
ҡ
еܳΪ½ҡһˣԿԻȡӴˡ
ңҪԸ顣֪һöɫԸ飬öҡ
֮ǰΪϽǮĸ䡣Ȼ󲿷ֵԸϽĸǮաⲻΪһöԸǮݡ
Ҫ죬֤һβܵõ֡
һûԥ¿¯
ٴνһöԸУֽöʯǾһͽȥξʯǾҪ֮ǰࡣ

ٴδ߶¯
Ըо¯УԸ黯Ϊһ貵İ׹⣬ʯǾΪһҺ壬һԸСƺ¯ŴûռȫԸֻһֶѡ
ʱһööӲӵҽϵĴӽ˳
¯еľʯ͹ǾһգԸһֲ
ûԥֽµľʯǾȥ
Ƭ̼䣬һӲӵ
¯öԸеԸһʱѾһСѵ¯Աߡ
һġ
һöɫԸһöҡϵԸ飬޷ģҡʱƴ壬Ӧûԡ
һ£һöɫԸ飬ǡǡþͿ۳һöҡʲߣҲ͡ҲеĹ֮ڡ
ƴ廹󣬻ֻҪʼͨ۳ԸõµԸ飬ʱȫԽµԸ飬ҡ
γһԵѭ
¯ԽѦ򱦵УѦҵĹֻҪƿöĸǮͿƿһУõκαʣκֶΡ
ûмҡ
¯챦ֻҪֲȥ˹עͿԴԴϵңҪ˹ע¯ܼȡԪάתֻûĻʱ䳤Щڶԣû̫Ĺϵ
оͷԸƳѦһҹ
ûж˵ֱӽҷֱ𽻵ǵС
еҡ
Ѧſڳϴһ׶ȻĲ
ǮңǮңֻҪгȥܱ˽ܣûܹĻңһͬԸ羧ʯ㣬ȡԪΪĹЧһֻҶԣѾǿңԿʿзҡ
Ѧ˷ܵ˵
Ҳû뵽пҵĻң֮ΪңԵ֮
ҲͬĻңûκܹܾǻĳҪüöղءƳҲЦŵͷͬ
ң֡
ûм˾Ǯҡ
ȻˣҺԺҹᣬҷųȥʽΪҽͨңһйеͷİ
׽ȷ


141  ļ
е뷨ңھС
ʿƴ壬ÿ¶Ӧþã쾭飬֮ǰΪԼսԺ󣬾Ҫʼһת䡣
ǴʱڡûǮƣûں
Ͼ˶ǴԭʼȹģԭȶԼϣǮƵҪԣûǮǴ粽У½УҲһˡֻҪҳ֣ÿ˶Դǿҵӡ
Ӵֱӹɵ˽ơ׾ٵ顣
ڣлûдϾͽִ״̬ƴе˵಻࣬˵Ҳ٣ֹȣֻܼܻһǰ
ңҪָ
ؼġ
ֻлָԸ㡣ƽƴķչ׳
ϣ׼ƴͬʱʼָп˵
׼һ֡Ƴ׵ͷָȻǼΪҪġ
ʳΪ죬ũΪؼӣõʣֲ֧˶ãȻǿԴԣɱޣ޻бɱʱ⸽޳綼бɱһյʱ̣Ǹʱǻû취Ը㣬˶ᱻ
ԣҴ㷢аգɽѾ˳λãʼģ֣и֡ɽºͣؼ㣬ȫʳʱֻ̡ҪɹտʼѵʱڣͿԽ뵽õѭ֮С
п˵
ũΪ׻ԹҪ֮ɽɽԺҲһ֮ɽյʱ뷨ȷʵܺã಻ıϡΪǿũҲֱӷָдաһ򻹲ܸÿһأһͬڵĴĻɢ˼ڴկĽ衣
Ƴ׵ͷƬ̺˵

ĿƳ壬뵽Щƴ״˽ļΪ
Ҵɹɣٷ˶ʿ󣬿ɲֻũܹϺӣаգÿһŶԳΪе˻ѡũǸʱֵľͿֲ֣ܲͨЦ˵
ȫеʱ㲻ÿ˶ȥֵأѡũ
кȫĵ·ѡļա
ƷƷСƷֽаգֻҪѧͿ϶
ڻǽ⡣
֮٣ΪС֮ǰѾںӱ߲ԶһյءˮԴܻߣûľȫԿѳֻҪԸ⣬ϰĶﶼ׿ѳؼǣҪסݵϮҪȻʳ죬ȾͻᱻЩƻ
ҪԵĵһ⡣
ƴûнɽȳƿء
ֻƿظһС򣬶ɽȶԣΧĲ֡
˵һǧһ򣬻ʵ⡣
һǿĳ︽׼þǰȥءǰҲЩʿʿĻᣬѪ
ң׼ٴб
ڵƴ˿ڴд׳ңҲʼΪʿȫԼӡΪˡһӴկʵɻկпֵܳìܡ޶ȵҪģһǻָǿկʵӾǶʵ
п˵
կ˿࣬ң˴˼ûܹϵ˲̻ԣһʱ䳤˵ͻָìܣ⣬ԸͿ鷳УܴӸԴϽ
ʱںͻƳ
ûãڴһĿλãרŽĹǰ
Ÿʾֱ档
ʾȥϾкܶյע⡣
һȥۿ

ļ
ʶֵ˿
կһȻ׷
峤Ҫʳ»ָ̫ˣֵصһ֣֮ǰ͵濴أܷ֡κһ飬ϵȵʳǿ϶û⣬˵
˵һֱҲǸ¡޳һٵģ㲻٣ĵȻҪеġ峤Ҫʼҿ϶Ҫ֧֡ôҲֳʳҶӡ
ҲҪμӿڳΪʿûУеġ
ܶԭȾũİտЦǵϱУ൱СοΪӣʳһ㶼
ܶˡ
ǳΪʿܶũΪֵزԼҪĹ
ļдˣֻҪξͿйսңԵõãͨʿÿ¾öҵľáʲôѵƴ»ҡ֮ǰ˵Ѿ׼ҡлҡ
˿澹Ȼ־õۣ˲ӡԺС
һξ޴ķ֡һģկжִķչ
Ҫȥ峤ɲЩĵھ˿ǼΪӣ󡣸Ͳܵ˵ǯȺ˵ֻоӣܱկܵϮֵޡйٶȶǼ졣
ֻһǴ峤ǾȻġڴ峤Ҫб󹷿϶ҪȥξΪˣΪ峤Чػƴ塣
ҲҪξ˸޲ɱ龰ûбգרֻгΪˣܸõػկ峤
ļկкܶ׳ж¶֮ɫ
Ŀôʿʿһδθ޲ɱսܶеѪͱǳΪʿ󣬺ܶ˶Žӣػկա
ܶ˸Ӻ󣬽˱ĸǿ
ļ֣ܶ¶ġ
ʱ
ƽڳӣھӪǰʼб¼Ҳ켮˿ʼǼǡЩ˽Ӫ󣬾ǾҪ켮¼¼
ξֻ࣬Ҫϸ񣬶߲ܡͳͳɡ
Ѿ˴Ŵũգǰĵпʼġء
оѿˮϵˣҲȥѳһغÿˮͨƺˮϿգΪˮڲ֡
ظӷ֣̺
ڿĵԱӶҲһʿǡĴѲӣֹͻȻ˵ĵİա
һжеҡ
Ȼ죬һ߿ģһ죬ǻЦﲻϡϳϣ
أľͰˡ
һƴϿɣøǿѾĵ׽ԼƴеһԱ
ܹܼңڲڡ칤ĺۡ󣬿ѯʵ
ڲûʲô֮ġ
Ǻܶ˶֪̫࣬Ҳû˭Ʋ


142 Ʒ
һǲʵʮǿ
ԭȾΪٴ£ֱһǧջ浤̵ʱڣͽΪʮѾҪȫͨ񺣾ڶصУ̤񺣾ء
ӲҪ˵µĹܼҡ
ܼʲôͨ˼еĹܼȻʲôүҵĹܼң࿴ҪЦԣȻôݲЩšȻһġ
ܼңֻ׽֮˲ܳΪ
ű֮Ĺϵһͬһ㡣
ʲôܼҴҲ˼ҵ档
һ棬򶼲ҶԲаӡɲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ھУȥͨһȽȺһᡣںزû˵ʲôֻǵͷ˵
ɼ
󣬲ǰҡ
Һо׼Ų֮կҪһ¾Ƴ켮֤ڣܶͿˮɵſơ
ԺĵҲͷ
֮ǰԸѾˡǲҪġ
һͽбŵһֻľӴ˿
ֻں棬һƵƤЩƤԶصַƹܱңиֽͬһСһĻԲ١
ңһԣһ鰵ɫ̨̨ϸֳϵһͲǷƷ̨ܸܵһص
һëʡ
ëʣùͷɣҲ֪ôģǹͷȻǽɫġ
ЩƤõĶϵȵƤɣ壬ޱȣдκ֣̻κͼ̨Ǹ˵ϵȵ޹ǣѪһɵѪ⡣ýɫβ͹ΪʸˡĽɫëΪʷ档һ壬ϡ
ҪǲĻϾͻȥ
ٿڶнܵ
ܺãЩѾҵԤ֮ˣ칤˰
׵ͷ˼Ŀ˺һۣ˵
ڶ̶ʱڣͽҪĶѸңǴֲ죬һǾƷǸɫʣȻڱһƣ÷ʱøӾ֮ߣĵá٣ⲻǺġ
аʱҪȥ칤һߵͷ
Ķ£кܶյĹܹӵеλܵأ飬ÿһ˶ƴȫɣܵáԻر֪֮
ҲǸм˵
ǰûǹλߵ˵زˡ
мյˣһ޷ĸ
ûһ˲Ƕиж£Ĵмġ
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ˣȥ°ɣկڽУҪկҪɲ١£ƴÿһ˵ġЦ˵
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Ϳ˳ȥɾʮȥ
Ƥķֽɫβ͹ëķʣ޹Ѫ̨ҪƷѾˡǸÿʼƷ
һиֳһĨڴ֮ɫ
Ǳ˵һϸƷʦȻһ׵ĹߣֱΪʣֽ⣬̨ߣƷ̨ĥ֡ĥȻҪķ⣬Ʒֽ̨ķģߡ뱸һƷߡ
Ȼûа취еһж뱸״̬
ֻʲôʲô
ȱʲôҲֻܵԺ졣
һǰƤķֽϣһˮǿϣһĥ̨еīֳ֭һְɫڶ
ֻͬص
һĥ÷ֻ֭ɫķʣһƤֽǰֽƽѹסˣƤҲ֪ƵģȻֳһѩ׵ɫƯһʮ졣͸¶һ˿ԵϢ
ɫʷŽ̨ñʼɫķ֭ڱʼķ֭ûһµ䡣
ñʣ
а̾һ
ŷʣеȴĪıպƺĬĬ
ʵԺУѾٹҪͼϸĹÿһĵ˱ʣյۡҪԺУϡ
Ҫģķ
ҲĻһɹŷͿԻΪһ档ʵҲࡣ
һ̣бպϵһУǿҵŹâҪԼԼܳɹƳԼеһŷţԶҪġǿġ
ˢ
ĻѾӡԺУĴĦ˿̣һʣһĹ켣ڷֽϣңһʣûһ˿ͣ٣ѸٵĽķڷֽĹճڹյͬʱڵҲȻȻĹעУ˳ŷʣ˳űʼī֭ӡƤֽϡ
һʱ䣬ֻصķģڷֽ˸ɫĹâ
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ͬʱĳ׻ͿܣһɫĹѸٵֽоۼ
ֽһ⡣еĳɫȫڷֽУڷڡ
˲䣬еʧ
ָоˮˮɰ硣
ûκεӲ·Ѿܶһ
ɡɹˡ
ֽϷʱȴ¶һֲŵɫţԼһƷȻܹһξͳɹ
ոջʱоԼÿһȥƺָоҪôȷġ¹ʱһɡплмʮ
ҪƷʧܣһǷûл꣬һǷֱֽӻ𣬻Ϊ촷ۡ
ȴġ
Ȼġɹˡ
ѵƷǿ츳
а૵
ֽǰŷУܸܵڷ̺һɼΪ񱩵ƺʱ᳹׵ıֱһӡڷֽУ޷¶ûзģֻһŻͼ档ѾڷֽУ޷ҲƷɹı֡
򿪾ң˳һյϡ
һ֣ǵֱӷ˳ȥ淺һɫĹâ˲ͻΪһӤԴôĻ档ֱڵϡ
䣡
һ죬һƬսĺۼ
ƻǿҲԲ
񺣾һؾʿܵˡ
ĳɹˣСҪȥԡ
¶˷֮ɫ
ҪȷԼǲǿƷ츳
ٴλصҺóһŷֽٴοʼڷֽϴд
ˢ
һΣ֪Ϊʲô;ѾҪɣгɫڷֽʱŷֽ˲ͻΪȼճɻҽ


143 츳
ʧˣ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ڼʱͬһˮһ˲ȴ
֮ǰһƷͳɹĻȣһ¾ͱ統ͷһױѡ
ʲôطԣܹңûиоκӲΪʲôǰһųɹٴλʱȴʧܵ϶ʲôطԡ
ܸоԼдĵḶ́һӲһѶûиоڡЩ˲ʺƷдĵĹУǻоؼһ谭谭ñµĶӲ޷дȥ
ûдƫƫͳ⡣֮ǰΪʲôɹ֮ǰոʲôط𣬲졣вûоɥԺĻ֮ǰƷʱÿһ
ԣҵˣ̫׷һǳɣ±ʱɡƷĹؼڷģīдΪȣҪľҪ̺ԣԣɡǣԪԷ֮סԪֽ֮Уһķ
֮ǰΪ̫ûע⵽дʱɣãأ÷ĵ仯ֻһζ׷󽫷Ļ꣬ȻԪȴסǣԪֱӻΪҽ
г˼Ƭ̺ԺлȻһ⡣Ͼһ˿
ɾǷɲԣȻסǣԪʧܲй
ͬʱԺҲֳڡᵽһ仰Ʒ֮ڸգᣬڸᲢɣˮһǳɣˮɻģģľ顣顣
ˣһΡ
аԻ⡣
ٴóһŷֽʣڷ֭ʷȻڷֽϣ֮עУһΣת䣬첻һ˳Ժйķתţڿ̻صĹ켣֮Ԫɶң֮Ԫǣʮ硣֮ͬףѹԪ
ܣ䣬еɫĹֽУĵС
ˢ
·ģһǳɣηµıʷһգʱͿܵĳȻһֶصƤֽСѩ׵ķֽϣֳɫתۼ䣬ΪɫһʱܵԪֽӿ롣ڵĻ֮ԪҲշĵĹ켣СڷֽС
ģ׵Ļ˹ıãڷֽϣΪһĻ档ȴ˿ûԷֽ͸
ɹˣȻˡôƳˡ
Ǳ¶һĨЦ⡣
εĳɹ֤ʵǰƲ⡣
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һΣû⣬ٴĽĴдɣǣԪĹһⶼûУȻȻɣ漴һٴɡ
ƣһȻһʧܶûС
ֻҪԼµûг⣬ûʧܵĿܡ
ڵ֮ȻԪּǿѹǿ񱩵Ļ֮Ԫ֮ǣ£ҲҪԹڷУұ塣ѵ֮Ʒĳɹá
бܵĸоһֲͬѰ֮
˵ǣԪǺܿ񱩵ģƿԲôףƫƫЩԪУһ㱩嶼ұ¶ôɷסѹС÷ɹļӲ֪ٱ
ԶеҪ̫ࡣ
ͷ·֮ܺԪһ
ֹ̣벻ɶѡ

Ϊ֤ʵе뷨ٴ׼һַҲǻз
ԺаԹзеķģзĵɣһԺУӡϡ
ʣڷֽϣ
εıʷƮ˳жǵĸд֪ȻȻдšһɡ
֪Уıдڷֽϡ
һɫĹٳŷ˽ȥ˲Ϣ䣬ڷֽУڷֽϣֳһķͼĸо
˲ͻɳն
зˣ
Ȼ֮ǣ£֮ԪҲûκαֱӾͱסڷСɷΪеһ֡û뵽֮
Ҳ̲סһֿϲ֮ɫ
֤ʵе뷨˵ԺҪƷʱƷʦҪסңƷʱҲʮֳĸоڷ̺ɣдǿҵĸӦ
ЩƷǿҵȤ
û뵽һǸƷšƷϣ˵츳һ֣ԺôԿ
аϲ
˵ģƷ츳ԳˡڷĵĸҲԶѰʿҪĸǿҡ
ȳƴ
пʼ˼Ƴ켮Ҫķȥһ֡
Ժϸ
ٴοʼ
ֻǣεһξʧˣûгɹǶڷɵİѿسһ˿
ڳ˼һٴγ֣ʧһΡ
ڵʱһٳɹ˳
ÿһŷжڷĸø̼֡
ңƺеʮ־ˣƷĹҲʮ˳
ӡĸǷƳɹ
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148 
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149 ӿȪ
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½һеع򣬶˶ԣİġ
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150 񺣾
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151 
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صһգԺֻ벻Ҫһ첻ʳҾͻо˵ʲôѪ࣬ȡζζ̺ӴľʿˣѸΪ׳Ѫͨ˺ˣٲؼǣ࣬ʮº͡絤ҩҡ
нһѪȥ󣬸̾۵
ĳգļǰҲûĴᷢʳÿһֶζסѾڵ
ŵĽǰѪȥգգ۾̾˵
һ࣬ϱú˵ģˡ

Ѿ첽˹źӣкͲںĻ棬¶Ǹ⡣
緹ûУҪûеĻԡȥһꡣпЦ˵
ããѾԹˡæ˵
˴æĸϹŸӣ칤Ūʲôöпбŵӣ¶֮ɫ
ǵ칤ոƳµƷŻܶãŵһʱϹ¶ϲ˵
ҵҪ
Цŵͷ
ҲǺ֮ġ
꣡
ҲûжĶӷڵϣֱӴ򿪡
ȳеģȻһյơ
յƺأһյơ
ƵĵоȻһöصԲ򡣿ˮһģ
ˮһĶϣһۣƺҪʲôһ
һյơ棬ֻһЩ񹤣̳öˮùǾƳɣһۣⰼ뾧ʯġֻҪ뾧ʯյƣͻ
һ˵ţһ߽һöĴָСľʯڰϣǾʯϡ
ˢ
ţͿʯһŽȥϣöˮɢһ͵ĹâʼŹⷢâͣȴۡңȺܸߣںڰķУҫĸһ
ֻ棬𺳡
ҪֱͣӾĵơ
õǷԾʯ̺߶ˮеķɢâķӦһԷΪķþɵĹ˼⡣
пһ󾫹⡣
ƹ켮ֶƣʮֵڿһɲǣѾ²еİءֻǣķҲͨУûСԣâ͡
ԾʯȡԴ뷨ڹŴУǳǰΪƴո֮·ȫеʱ򣬾Ȼһ㡣
𺳣ж޷⡣
ǣǵãڻûڲؾжһζʲô


152 
ζŴѾ;ȡ鼮
ζţڴУǰ˻ȡһЩ伮ս
ȻвûҪᣬҪйս伮ȫղڲؾе˼ֻǶ˭ܵõЩĹȤѡ
翪֮͵õıǱ˾ͷͬһ㣬˵пԭȾŲݵλŻˣлԵȡԵ
˵һλĴš
һյƣ뷨ûеͣңɢĹâһ㶼ۣ͵Ʋ֪Ҫ϶ٱƣҹֻҪһյܽҫͬ磬Ӳᱻ͵Ѭ۾ǰƣǾ棬գգ۾˵
ĵƣҪռڴаնԣǸ
ȻҶǾۼһ𣬾סҲһݣһס磬ֿĵƣҹؽúҹںڰҹټȡ
˲ڱ͵Ѭ۾ںҹУɿԶд֣谭
ƽʲô֣ûȡ
пĸԶ
ƣԿڰֶΣںڰУϣȫСɢжԺڰδ֪Ŀ־塣ڹŴִƶ򲻿ȱһ֡
ھȻ˽뾧ʯһ𣬴ĵƾߡֵƾķΧʮֹ㣬·ƣֲڴկկԱɲҹ塣ǺҹҲܵƻͨͬ磬־󣬾ԿԳΪһޱķ羰
ңԺկ׳󣬱÷ҹַǷ۵ģԹġ
û֣ιҪΪյһ֡
򿴵жյƵӣҲӿֳ޾ϲʲôǹ칤ˣľõı
ǺҹеָڰеıܷۣԹͬǿеǡȻû֣ǾͲơ
΢˼󣬻˵
Ƶĵƴֽµʱ٣ҹֻҪܽưڸ򣬾ôկУûκαڰصһЩޣҲǱؽ
ĵҲǿ
ƣ֡˼¶ϲ˵лԺͽơ
뿴ǵڶ
Ʒ£óһս
սͷþ죬ľ졣ޱȣһȥʮ־ˣڣȴԸоսУƺ̺ŲͬѰڣʱпܱһ
սƺǱһɱ칤Ҳʸںϼһɡ䣬սϣƺгɫĹâ˸
н񺣾غ󣬶ЩĸӦøǿҡ
ۣս˷սںһ𣬲սķâзں棬һעȥսӵзƻüʸɵƻǿ󡣿ùֵʵǿ
һķȥԻΪһĿܻΪ潫ȼ
ٴ˷ܵн
ŵģǷںϣ˵ֱӾ͵ӵһ൱˵ĵزʩչоƵģսȥսķϵġǿȺûҲй
ģսߣ֡벻⡣
кùоǿĿ
һǧ֮⡣
սںϣȡ̣ս췭ظɱ䡣
ʮֿµġ
ã칤һ󹦡һ£ȥµȡʮѫ㡣ƣܹƴʵ𵽾޴ǳɱ
һϲɫ
ƣҪԣһ㶼֮¡ǿֱǿսĴɱǿկ̵ķ
κķֹһ֣кƼ׼֡Ѿǳķ
ңҪһδƣпɲҪ
ܴӡڡ
ֻҪƳһܽϷŽȥѸپܴӡķ
ĲϲֻҪľģѡЩƴԣҪŪһ㶼ѡζţַѸٵĴӡӵдĴ档
ʹ»᲻á
ϣžԵıϡ
лʹ͡
¶һϲЦݡ
ȥ칤ԼһƳƸĸˡź㲻᲻ӭɡͻȻ˵
ȴɵΪ֮һаԵ³ʦ³ʦҾ֪óЩĴžͿ϶زסһӲķۡ³ʦ³ʦĲƴģɱͽܵı㣬칤ܵӣҪģһλĴƹܣ칤ĵλԶеȥ칤йʦϣͽʵ֧Ų⸱ص˽ԽƺͷøҪǴǷҶˡ
³ʦֱʣֻ³ʦŽĿڷּںһķϣ³ʦдţȴԸ¶һ㣬ǲĵġǹǰȨУֻɣϲ̨档ȴܱпأλ췭ظĸı䡣Բֵλٴηı䡣
Ҫ칤ĵλܣޡ
һ㣬Ǿвܵȥ
ˣΨ³ʦ
ԣŻ˽
ȻӭȷʵģҵҵʦʦʲôҲֻǳƺΪ³ʦһգ似һֱȴֻϲĬĬоȫµļաԣһֱûб֪
æ˵
ⱾĿġôܻܾ
ļһȥλ³ʦΡ
ЦŶԲ˵
֮ĹϵѾͻƣÿ쵥ദʱǣ§ȻȻĽչš
ÿ
ļҲܺ棬˴ţӦһλ¸صĸˡҲͷ¶֮ɫȻӦ
ǰ·һ뿪ۡ칤ȥ
;Уаտ˲һӰ϶¶һԵĻϲףкͲһ𣬺ܶ˶ϲּġ
ֻв̹Ĳò˫ȫŮӲϴ峤Ҫþ͸ˡƴĻҵҲܺˡдЦ૵
峤Ӧö࿪֦ɢҶŶԡݻҵԶĴȥڴҶΪǿ󣬻ǧ궼⡣ϣ峤ܹõġ
д̾


153 
˵˼ˣǳΪʿҲ޷ıָٹ̵ͷִ뷨ҲͬڣѾӡѪҺеĶ
У׻УҪġ
ŴһҪûõĻɽû취ȹ̵ģƨµӣҲȵġûа취۵ϡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊûã͵ݻҵûм̳ߵģȻȡȻᶯϾ˭֪ԼŬԺǲǻֱӻΪһӰҪãǾͲͬˣЧҵĵˣжڣҵ棬ɿԵõ֤
Ŭ˶׷ѡ
ԣУã֮Ϊ
ûõĵȽɽġ
һ㣬û̫˲еҰġ
ȻƴûЩ飬ֻһ֣ϾʿֻҪ䣬ȥʱ仹ţԭȺܶڴĳҲδزõҪѾ˵˲٣ܷϣɴڣѪĹ
׻Ѫӵľһ㡣
ã
֮У˭ұ֤Ļȥ
аջϣпá
ڴĿ£Ȼߣȴûж󷽷ĸǰȥ
ʱ칤ǰ
칤Ľ켮ࡣ
˽ȥǰǿտĴԺ
ڿյϣȻԿڸŸƷ
ڵ̣õĲľͷùǾڵ̣е̶ҲеÿһƷͬƷһ
ڴðٶǧ͵ַ
ľڴľΡ
Ҳڳޡ
ԺһֻľͷľϿĿҲ˶١ҪͲô׵ġ
ѡ
۾ѣڽʾ֭˼ţôģһŷ֮ǰѴŷߵĻ̼СҪҵôѵķ
ܶ๤ڽ߾֭˼Ŵ¡
Ҫոн
ң⣬Ǿۼһ໥ۣһ𿪶Խ˼ˡַΧʮǢµͷŨҡ
пҲеܸˡ
ֻ໥ּûŻ֮ܲϴ£ײǻ۵Ļ𻨣һСд漣Ŀܡ
ۼһǵѡ
ԺеĹڿ˺󣬶׷׿ڴкЩֱӳԼ˼УǳţԴˣҲûκιûôļӣοⱾǹԡ
ˣ
һ䷿ǰá
沢ûлӦ
³ʦӦֳڴ֮СʱѴŵЩ˼˵
ûϵĴʦһʼȫĵͶ룬ȫȻҡÿۿ³ʦЦ˵ָ㼼˵ıԡ
ԼĸҲоͬʱͥˡ
ܶʱ򣬶Լչ̵
ǺãǽȥòҪ졣һ˼³ʦֻ»ᷢƢ
Ҳͷ˵
СĴ򿪷ţһ˿졣һ㣬ڶʿ˵ѡ
߽ȥ󣬾Ϳһ߾һǰŸֵߣľϲϵĵţһЩۣУǸǺ޼ֵĶǰп˵һʲôⰡĻ
Կһдĥ
ټԭȾѾĥġ
Ƭ̼䣬Ϳߵ˫ֿٶһϵһԭȿ޹ļһ𣬾͸ǹеֿΪһǹеʱĻһ
Ƭ̼䣬Ϳһֻķͳǰ
ֻſƺҪչ߷ɡ
죬ӣצӣͬƷһ
ң֪߶ֻȻҡҡλε˫˼

пͫɵһаԷһ
һһɵķ񣬾Ȼܹǰ߶ֻ棬ǳ𺳵ģЩ֮ǰֻһľͷ̴ĥȻܸһǰ߶Ǻεȵľˡ
ԺֳܸһʣǾǻ
ĹŴΪصһżա
˵ŹŴ貵ǻ۽ᾧ
ݹżأڴʱڣ³Ϸɵľ񣬴ϰ衣ңƽءʱڣ˵ľţľܣţߡЩ˼ĶǻԭϧЩһδεսУʧˡ
Щǻ۽ᾧնĥµĳС
һֵ̾Ϣ顣˷˼ĻƷ
ʱûӣȨǽ֮ɣϲ̨棬УҲֻǵЦ̸ѣûӵ̺Ǳڼֵ
Ҫ֪³ľǲ͵ģֱӾܷǼǻ۵Ľᾧ֪ԭôġǺ㶨ģԵġǲҪԴζţڴʱڣ³Ѿ
ֿܣ˵ȥһˡ
ִʲôƼغ㡣Ĵڡ
ЩʦҪȫ¡
ںܶ˶ԣصġǼ򵥵ʲôССĻؾǻֻǳĲ֣ͳܵ顣
УҲǰ³ʦһȻûֱһλľš

Ҳ̲סһ
˭
³ʦתȻߣȴԵüΪĺۣƤɢһ⣬ͷҲǺɫȥôж䡣ȻѾϵ»µһ˫ȴ¶˪ŷḻɣ뿲
ԭǴ峤Ͳ̹
³ʦһкͲо͸ֳһ˿ȻͽĿںϣһǳ⣺ͽȻôҸˡ֪Ӧýʦš˵ţһӵ۾ģ
ܿĳû
ҪͽĳҲ֪ڴУȻ³ôһλšӦøлҪȻҲ޷³ʦ˾տĻ
ĿֻϣЦſ˵³ľ񣬿Է죬ʱĻѾڵ³ʧ󣬻Ҫľĳ̶ȣѾ졣ΪڻУϾʯҲзĿܡ磬ϣӦÿ
³֣δزٽݾ


154 칤
˶³࣬ǰļաֲ˼Ļеĵ·ȫµֶΡǷģģǶشĸ̺صϡӵи봫ͳսһ𣬾ͻѧӦһı仯
й켮ľ顣
ҲĿùԭȻǰλ³ʦоķͬǽ뼼һ𣬻Ҫݵ£һּΪ˼飬˵Ѷ֮Ҫ޷ǻ۲Żûʵɱ䡣
ҪĵĻǾٽݾһ˼·Իи촴¡
пԿ϶³ʦо򣬿϶ǽһĵ·
омյĴţҪнǾͱҪǵȤ϶ȥ
ôķ򣬲ܿƵĻأǲĻأԸһûضܹתҪȱڵͲ󡣡³ʦ΢΢ü˵
ĿģҪԽߣͬһɰ裬ܷ죬ءģ¶ϣûļգһĻޣǱصͷת䣬ƷǾͲĻޡ
Է֮УĵǷǷģܹûؾзǷôƣһС⡣
ܿƵĻأǾ㲻Ļء
нУһżգԿƿж磬ԹɱԵУ԰飬ңԿʿܾͨƳܷҪƻޣ׾ٵ顣ҪôôĶûʲô𡣡
һת漴Ϳ˵
ңжţں϶½Ϳ϶УԿ棬ҪƻأǾ׾ٵ顣
֮ҪõȻ׵顣
ڲؾУûиصĹ伮ӦĿܷҲûУǲǻӵеķ
ѽܷȫÿܷƻءܷҪȥңҵķУûЩ³ʦ۾һһĴȣԺӿֳ⣬ײһ𣬲貵Ļ𻨡
пܷ֮УǾͿԽػΪܣĿƣֽͬһ硣Ļпܷ󡣲˼ı仯
ΨһǣܷʲôģͲ֪
ûпܷô룬ǿ̸
³ܷȻƴûУţֻҪƴ岻׳󣬿϶ӵЩؾеղأҲøӷḻ
ƴҪǿɳҪдͬ³ĴһЭկǿʸȥԴԴܻݹда񡣡
Ц˵
е˼£һǳԵĵ
ֻнˣҲһԱڴҶƴһԱҪǴկʵǿĶıҲŪ֣Ū֣Ҳס磬ôпᡣ
ֻдկǿǿûκܹܱסҪĶ׽ˡ
һ㣬һġ˵ľ޵ģһúҪҪչ׳󣬾Ҫ˲һŬܿٷչ׳
⻰еĵţǰ³ʦԿס
ϣԺ֪³ʦȫڸּգһ֪ˡĸУܿĳй¡
ȻûȥھϹµͷ
ֻϣôٶһλţԼƴ峹׷չ
㽨ƴĿʲô
³ʦͻȻɫһĿֱĿУһĨӵɫ
һ֪³ʦĿ顣䣬Ǿѡвܵˣû˭׵ĳжԼۣԼ˼롣ֻб˴˶ۣ粨ԵϣȻߵһУദ졣
棡
ûг˼ֱӿ˵ҽƴ壬Ŀģ棬УѾȫһУȥȥԼ棬øȥһ˵㲻ʲôֻ˽ۼһ𣬲ȥõĻȥ
ԣҽؾҿôȫ˱ǿϣϣÿ˶ΪԼܶԼΪԼŶŬǾҲֲκˡ
ϣһ죬ƴܹ֣֮壬аĻᡣ
磬Ͳһ塣
κ嶼пܳΪ½ǡԲֻս
ϣһ죬ǧ壬뵽ʱ뵽ƴ塣
³ʦйâ˸е۾˫۾УκεĶκε٣еֻһַĵĳϿҡ
벻ģŬ档
½УͬٵҪ⡣
涼ϲˣǾûʸȥ˵κεػ־
ͬʱҲ˵Լеıչ
һۣ˵ĲƴԶûеȫʱ޷ΣգƬɽȣ޷һȫò֪ŶٵաûбڴկķչƶӰжϡˣлΪһ
³ʦЦ˵ңСӶѾϷˣҲկУ֮ϷҲ޸֮ǸһͷֵޣկҪȻϹͷ»ĻҲǷһҶҹˡҪǲԺ󶼻ᱻϡ
̫ˣ³ʦڴɽˡȵҲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ߣڸˡ³ʦ򣬾̲סӵ۾һ
³Ըɽƴ壬绢ҲЦ˵
˵ãϷ鲻ܣҾʹ칤Уڣӣǽʲôġ±ңǶҲҾͻŪЩľͷʽ³ʦп˵
Ȼ˼ǲ͵еȥҪģǽôƳ³¡
УҪģͬ
ﾡŲҪġ
ҪһճȺĴƹ칤ڣУû˭ܱ³ʦʡ
칤ǴбزȱҪ֣ûйĸַ£ǵòչġұʹҪ³Ϊ칤³ǲĻճ£ͽȥ졣ֻҪǱƳƴıһıֱǿկʵ
йϵĿ˵


155 ³ɽ
ƻǷⶼܸկ޴ıĶƷܴ췭ظ仯֮󣬿֪ƷаͲÿ춼С
³ʦѡ˿ûаԥʹӦ
³ʦĲܣ໹칤󣬴췢ϡҪŪλãɱֲܣԴˣеļʶȻô
ɱȡѣɱȡѶ硣
ǺãϷͽ칤λá³ʦݼ³ʦ𣬵ͷ󣬶΢΢һǶ֡
³ԺկķչҪ³ϵġ
Ц˵Ҳ֪³ʦӦò֣ʲô֣ûʲô̫ĹϵҪһܡʲôʲôݣҪ֪Ҫľ³ʦˡ
ģǴҪġ
ЩϷȻá³ʦ׵ͷӦ
³ϣƣҴ·ƣկ֮Уȵҹկ㿴ûеطҪĵġ
оͿʼ³ʦ˵·Ƶ顣
ڵĴկҲһС顣θģҪ³ʦϸоһ¡
Ȼ칤Ǿƴˡ֮ǰˣկһͣнڿգԾԾԣѾﵽһĽ׶ΡڴկϿգ֪ʲôʱһ֣Ѫ⣬ǲ֮סֻнѻڽʱ١
³ʦϴ֮ɫ˵
˸˿˿⣬һ˫۾ͬѰϡõһ˫֮ۡܿϵˣܹ۲쵽ؼ˱仯
Ȼ֮ۻʮǿƴȴܹۿʽΪƴ糱Ѿﵽһ㣬пΪ̺֮
ͨ㣬̺֮Ѫ֣ԾţɱѾʾţлĻͬϣҲޱȰˡ֮ۺ񣬾Ψһһˡй۲ʱо۾һִʹ
Ѿһεķɡ
ײ̽Ķ
֮ǰͷ֣֪ΪʲôһƴϿգǣУ͸һ˿˿Ѫ⡣ͲʲôõףǴ֮סȻʲôҪٵկС
³㾹Ȼƴ彫дѷ
һ㣬û뵽ġ
³ʦȻɲô򵥵ġͨʷУǶһЩĴܲŻӵеܶˣǽ֮ѡǱͶͶʡջ
ֱܹӿεˡֱܷס
³ʦ˵Ҳòšټ֮ǰԼĸӦѾԿ϶ȷʵʲôΣǱؼ䣬ǱկܣȴûбƺȱһпԿ϶һǴկʱ̡
ѵضڴկһֿôǿ飬ʲôǳ޹կɡ
а૵
ȻǰϷûһЩϷ飬Ǻġ֪ϷһЩ﹥ʲô飬ڵҲɵһпܻᷢͷ
Ԥףʵ֮ǰҾгֹףӦկйءƴ壬Ѿﵽ£۵ˣȫԽ򡣵ÿҪʱһףڿδ֪⵱С
вûܵӰ죬ţȲȻΣգҾȽկʵʣǹܵǿʵĳΧҲҪɱƬײѪɺӡ
ĳ֣еĵ
ĻϷץʱ䣬ٸկһɱﵡ³ʦ΢˼󣬶Ȼ˵

˵ƴڷ췭ظı仯ʵÿ춼ڱǡңܴӡ˵ȫķϱӡѸ͵ӪСд
ȫһΪĴս׼ľٶ
־ٶҲôķΧٴδܶ˵ΪǽͻơһΪǡ
ȴھɽ֮⣬Ǿ֮ǰūӪ̫ңԶԭȴӪżһɽС
һ֧ȴǧĿĿɿڴĿǰľ
ǰģһǳء
ǳؾȻλɽУܶһĴһۿȥȫǱľΧ˵ĳǳءǽ϶ܿӵĺۼ
Χǿĵ·ġ
ǳأݳһֲƵļŶһ󶴡
죬ôһǳصġ
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ǰܶ˶ƣ±ɱҶֿʡʵڲܼȥˡ
ܶ˿ǰĳǳأ߲ˡ
УܿǳأǾǿ˱ܷۣôɽεҪá
Щ˲Ǳˣǳʤһա
ڴūӪгΪ˷ɢūעѡɢߣʤһˣҲһˣֱŲͬķߡ
ߵĹУ˵ա
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ңҲǶŵġ
˵Ǿһҡ
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ֻҪҵһȫŵؾͿԣǾԵģЩڴеǺڴ棬ǶôĿΣա
һҪҵһʵλãկ
ʤаԶԼ˵
ߣǽȥҪСģǳسɽУ϶ô򵥵ġ
ʤһ֣˵
ǰųŶȥ
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ǳϣȻֳǳص֡
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ǽϵ˿Ҳָһ˿ʣڿһȺõİʱеĹһ㶼ûˣٴλָ־ɫ˵鶼ûСֱӿڳǽϣһɫ
ʤǺ׵ľʹӳϵƶ³ɽС
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ķݵ飬ֻܶᣬա
ĴУڰ࣬еǿԿļġ˵ˮΪеİղ٣ڴǰŶӣ롣
ʤǽֳһ˿ųĿ⡣
˵ֶʳԵˡ


156 ؤ
Źֵǣе˿ʤ˵ĿУһһͬһı顣˿ûκζݡҲûлӭųľٶͺǿҪԼ䵽ͬ³ıһ
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ˢ
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157 ʺ
ؤһĨ⣬漴Це˵ȻûбıؤҲԵĽǣҪǲǾʵ̫ϧˡ͸㻻˰ɡ
˵ſٽǱʤУҲ˳㽫öɫӽ˹ȥ
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һöܻһô׬ˡıǿ֮·
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158 
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159 
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ںɫУͬ˳ϯĺҪţͱҪСһ޷ȥǾͲԾš
˽һɫУϾ͸оԺдݵĿѹѹͺ̶һҪ䳹ѹںںУ÷
˽׺ǿһںУϾͻΪһɫ㣬ٵΣƬƿûа취赲ס˽ĽŲ
ƴл۵ʵ̫Ӵˣ̫ۺˣ˽УѾļ£ں̺ǿ޷ס˽Ĳ
ǰ
ϡ
ϣԾšվڵϿ˽Ķ¶֮ɫ
Ǵկһο飬˵ο飬˽ţǾ޷ţǽʧܣԭȻ۵ˣһεԾУһգ˽Ҳޱһû·ĳ̡
˽һģ˽еĹУеˣڲϵġģǺֲܿġˣ޷ڻָġֻ»ۡ
һ̣Ŀ
һ˫˫۾ȫںϣǰη˽ϣÿһ˶ƺڽϸܵһһǰ޵аơ
веѪҺڷڡѪȼ
ȥһҪȥԾš
ģһԾšһɹģûκֹܹ
Ϊ˽а

ɽȴУǴڵĶѨСȻ䣬ӿڵĺЩУ̺һϢƺܵеĲ
н֯á
޾ҵڷڻص
¡¡
ɫѨУȻ䴫һҵĺֻһߴİ׹սѸٳսϣһ׹ս׵Ľ𽫾Ҳá
սý
ֻսͷϣһǡڵĶǣȥĿ񶼻һȥĸоǿ¡˿־塣
ýıȻ죬ֱдһ֡
죬ý˲һڣһô󽫾
꣡
飡
ѨдֻһսʿͬˮӺɫѨӿ顣ٽܴƬ򳹵ռݣЩսʿʲôУõнͣй֣֣ǹХӵô󽫾ܡ
пնͫ˸űͫ߶ʱϹͷ˵һۣ᲻һ˿ǻ棬ʵ̫ˡ
ֲսܶ˵ޡ
Щãǧĳ֣ԴԴϣ಻ƺǸѨͨһһ

ýһڰ׹ս̧ۿһºֱӳƴڵλãһӳ
¡¡
ûκγɣսʿ糱ˮƴڵλϯȥ֮ܿľݣֱӱƽκεǰǿƿ
ͬһƬúϯ
һֲĸд
ǧôƶٶȣ˿תۼͳһξ롣˵ٶȻҪ졣
ɽ޹׷˷ãӶݡ
ֻҪûбܿģȫôУ˲䱻ɱЩսʿ϶̺һ־տսܡ


160 
Щã·ǰսʿŷԹսܡңޱȣûκθ飬еֻǱ
Ǵʹߡ
Уô󽫾Ȼɢһ񲻿ɵ޵ơնͫУ˸űͫ
ɽУݿپŵԶߡܿ÷ڸ߿з裬ɱѪ⣬ϵ֮øŨ
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𶯣ɫ˳ӡ
𶯣ͬƴС
ҵĺͬڣдڿ񱼣ңǰķƴ塣ҵվڳǽϣĿ˽˻ԶǷݾӴܵľɫһƬء
ⲻǺͷƣǰ޹;Բһֻֻô򵥡
ǽһҵĴսҪԡ
ƳĿĿ⣬
ڲ飬ҪԾţһҪɹԾŻ֣˲Ǹ³ʦ˵
ԾŲҪġԽţʤ
ȻнѣԾţկҲҪһϾĿ顣ҵҪʲôǰկ
ͬϴĺһȻʹǽ߹ȥ
˳ǽһʿڿкжɵ¶һǿҵ˷ܣָоͺӵ˾֧ڵս⣬Ѫڷڡ
еãȻ־壬ȫʧ
·𿴵Уš
ûʲôǲսʤġ
쿴ʲôаͻȻָԶɽִ
ãöãøˡ
սʿöãǿֲǴ˵еôĹﰡˣֻʣ¹ͷٴǹְ
˵ҪԹˣҲ飬ʬģû뵽Ļῴŵáǲߡ
ġǴӷĹôǲ㸴ˣҲҪ´±һѹͷͲţЩһɱġ
ǽϣһ̲ס͵͵һĭ
ͻȻ俴ɽôĳʵ̫ˣЩɶǹĹǰǾаͨ˿ŸɢǺõġЩûƴеİɥʧеս⡣
һзݣſڴ
ǴΣҪƻǵ԰ҲҪҸ顣һѹͷİ׹ǡ
׶ԸЩõ̫࣬ڣѾŲ򣬶ңڲϵӡֻ࣬٣пܽկΧ
ҵ΢΢üһǿѹ
ҲûԤϵֵĵˣݣǲ֪ðһƬôЩãɶűɢϢĵǲо־壬η壬ɱǾһǰ޵С
ЩǹûеĹҪԸô׵ġ
¡¡
꣡
ںÿٷɢ˷ƴ峹װΧڡڱʱϵĹͷ˷ĹŹ
һεѹ糱ˮկѹ
Ȼ飬ô
пв˸ž⣬֮ϤĲϤԸ˵óǶԸ֮а֮ۣͿЩҪ˵ѶԸǾûģãΪɵƻʵ̫¡
ʲôǲסƴĵ·ҲҪ״ݻ١аԷһЦǲҲ빥ƴ塣
쿴ɫѾҪˡ
ÿٶȣɫƺûа취סĲֱϣӵ˾˵ٶȣֱǲ˼顣ڽ̺ŶôӴ
ϣкܴϣԾš
˷
Ҳע·ϡ
ֻ˽𼸺һʼͷӳޱǿǰ棬ڶʱϽ̶ֿͬĺںУǰС񡣺ˢʱϲųɫĹâǿеֵסϮ
ÿΰڶʱλǰϵƶƶһ󲽡У˽ٶȶǼ죬·ںӶӰ˿һȻǲܵģѹ谭ӵٶȣ֪ûʱ˽ٶȱȻӾˡӵĲ˼顣
κ˶֪ΣԽΣԽܵĳ͸ǿ
˽ԽţٶҲڲϵļȴ͡
һһǰơ
۾ʼնӲӵš
ڲϽӽš
һףʮסʮס
֪У˽Ѿٽӽ¶ʮ
ʮףʮס
ڿʮ׵ʱ˽ϱһ貵Ľ⣬У˽ϵ۶ڶܸоڵѾ׿񱩡

һˮ
һɲǣУ˽ţһԾ
һԾ·ϸܵһֲ赲ƣϣһ̣ţ˽Ѿκζеģֻΰš
һ̣˽ȫһĽһġ
žںӾ׸ߡ
˽ʮ׵λþͿʼԾ
һԾڰлΪһ貵Ľɫߡ
˽һɲǼ䱬ʵ̫ˣԾͬʱµĺɫˮֱըһ޴ʯͷҽˮһˮ
һԾĸ߶ʵ̫ˡ
ֱӱֱĳŷԾȥ
ˡ
Ƴһֽе
Ծţ뼼ɵϣûмɲУмûšȴ뼼ɲأֱӳԾȥԾĸ߶ȣԾĻȣԽţ⡣³ʦҲץס룬¶Цݡ
ˢ
Ȼ˽ʵ̫ǿˣһԾûκ⣬еѹȫƿһ¾ԾС
˽ŵһɲǣбŷĽ⣬â貣ҫ񷣬ǰ貵Ľ
ڽУƺ̺һص
ԴԴϵ˽֮С
ŵһˣУȻ˽ͷ­Ѿ˳ֻһ꣬ȴ췭ظɱ䡣ͷϵȻʧˣңͷϣ롣ǳǽɫģһ֣ڱ䳤Բ
ϵĽɫƬ財޳ͬһȴ鲼ۡɢһ֮ǰûеѹ
Ѫеѹ
ǡ
п˲Ӧ
Ծţŵ£ھ֮Ѫһ㣬ǲ˲ɱģȻ̺йأȻһȻһɱȴڵ֮Ѫѡ


161 ޵н
Ѫ󣬽ɫ㷢ɱ䡣
ɽɫ㣬ΪһɫȽɫǿ߹Ѿ֣ңܿϣޱԵ롣ɫ롣ı־
һ̣֮飬ɱΪ
ɱ䣬ҲţεĽѾɣ
̫ˣԾţΪ֡Ѿɱ䡣ɴˣɱˡһأǶȹȥˡ³ʦͷ¶һ˿Ц
֮飬һ
֮ǰ˽ܳصģɴ弶ˡͺһ֮ǰֻܳɴ弶ˣģΪãڣȴܳ򼶱ˡͺǱӣһӻ˴һ
ҪԵĻЩƳȻˣûгɣԴԴϻ۶Ĳѹÿʱÿ̶ӡ
ݲֹ̫ۡ
ʱٴη仯
βʹҲһУûգʧֻʣڰвų⣬˲˽µںСŵĽ֮ڵĺۿɼٶɢ
˳źںկ֮ںҲۿɼٶʧ
ǰֻһɫ⻮嫵ĺںѾʧӰ١
˿ռ䣬ʧ
ãȫӦЩõʱ򡣡
˽ɱг׷һǡûκκ֮ǡĿ˲תôϡ
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ūʵҲֻܱôȣϸǴ硣ƴʵҲ֮ǰȡ
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ʱһֻսʿ׷ÿ漴Ȼϯ֮࣬вǧ
ǰģȻô󽫾
ýƮ
֡
ڿʱǽһƬȻýĿɿڴĸо
ýʲô⣬˷ɧڱ졣ǲͣ鶯
ţ޵УʲôҲҳ޵УΪԼûеôֱư̫ˡ̫ˡ
а¶ŭ
һ֣û˲ĽԼڱ죬ֱ̫ˡͬơҵҲڳڶһ
һ󽫶죬дԼϣһִ󽫵ȨǱԼݡı֣ǰýȻԼϲ졣ϵ֣ƽ
һý治֪ð⡣
ҲҪðһƬߡ

ϣȻд֡ޣУ
Ǹʲôʵը죬Ⱥô
ɧˣҲԼϱô졣ֱ޼޵ޡһΥ͸УսϿһĻֽŵķΧ⡣
ԷŭĿ⿴޵н

ýսһӣſ򦣬¸µĹ죬ͫ˸һбս귢ġ
䣡
һսʿͿʼܣһ̤濪ʼͷײսϳһѵ
ʼǡ
ЩãÿһʿǿУ̺ž˵̤ڵϣһĽӡʵ̫ˣһ͸ǳˮϯ
ǻ棬ֲ¡
ѹأһѹ
ÿһʿǰնԣ𺳣޿ɱġ
ಣ
ȷ𹥻ģ
øӾˣǿ
ɱ޵£ѾֱӽƽƷĲΡڼеУռٴɱ䣬һܹɶʮ߸
ѡһ˲佫ʮ߸ͬʱȥҲѡκϵÿһжٴ۳һ
жʮ߸ĴһȥټϺٴۣάּʱϣһĿֲ״̬
ǹûκ
βûһԽȥѡϵ
һͬ㣬ĳɱսʿɱȥ
ڻƽһƷʱĹΧֻһףƷʱʹﵽףƷʱѾﵽ׵Ŀ¾롣һĿ꼸ԶңĹͬ൱񺣾صǿƻ
飡
һһսʿٶ̫죬սʿӦͱͷ­̺ĿȻͽöڵϡͷ­е֮˲Ϩ
ûһѰ׹ǡ
һ
ͬ㣬һϵıȥڰлһ貵⡣
ÿһֱӴһսʿ
ȥƵʣʮ־ˣһУ
ͬʱһƳգոһսʿӴôȣֱǾţһëӰ첻Ľ
ôòη壬ĳŴկ𹥻
ϵİ׹׷׳֣ԸӾ˵ٶȳŴկ
ҷգҪκһֻկաпһۺüı乥ֱӷգԵԣеĲݲвֻмѹƷգ޶ȵı֤կյİȫ
תһбȥͬһ財
а׹ͺճϿգͱһҪ
׹䡣
׼Ŀǰ䣡
ҵȻ
ˢ
һĴڳǽϣЩȻ³ʦԸƳսɱһ޴ڴϣЩͬԷУƳֻǸӾ޴ܴӡ£Щͬž޴Ĵ
һھͰݷڳǽϡ
䣡
Ĵǽϣİţֱֲڴկܣÿһ涼һµĴҪڹŴҪüʿһұǿƻ
ڣÿһ˵ǱǣһԸԭȡ
ģǰգңʱûбֳ̫
һ¡
ϾͿİٸ޴°
ಣ
꣡
ƿյٶǾ˵ģǰôҪ׼Ϳһһ׼Կȥһ¾ͳôǰǰһսʿ£˲䱬һͷըķѡ
ֿ֮ûУֱӾͱƬ


162 ʿս
ǿĶױڶһսʿ󣬸ûֹͣ͵̬ǰȥôһܶʮ־ˣ£һսʿǺ«һһ𡣽ʮսʿ±ɹͷƬ
ľϸֳһɱ˲仯Ϊһųɫ棬һ¾ͽܼսʿǽȥ񱩵棬õȼաʮ־ˣһӾͽóе֮֮𣬵Ϩ
Ϊݹɢڵϡ
ֻǻΪ棬ںսʿЩñ˲䣬ɳȥĹͷһɰԵĺϮͷϽһ֮𶼱ᡣһ̣ĺ֮øõ⣬Ϊ
˸Ž⣬˵ķâ붴ֱӺʮʮսʿһɨһƬƬƬĵ¡
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һӾǧõڴ¡
൱ˡ
֣ɢ䡣
ҵٴڴɵƻҲһϲǿޱȣ̺ŷЩǲҲ飬ɱܾͨǿƻʿ
ˢˢˢ
կУǧУһǧ˵ĹӪÿһǿڳΪʿһңĿøǿ󣬹עȥսǿ׼ȸǿ
˿̣һ£һǧ˵Ĺͬʱ
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ע˲˸ֲͬĹâ
˸ųɫĻ棬ϣֳһ㺮ıмϣ˸ɫĹâ˸ŽƼ׼
һɲǼ䣬һ˸Źâķƿն
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Ҳͬʱǿƻ
ֱӻΪ棬ĿȼǻΪ˲ⶳһС
Ǳս̺İԵٶȣֱӺ
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ಣ
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Ȼǹ֣Ҳ޷ֻôѹס

ô˲俪ʼ
Щսʿͬսܼļ꣬ͫеͫ˸еڷɿӶȻвսʿǿǰֱնϣǷ̺棬£ûжսʿʲô̫ˣͺմȾϣɱɢ֮ǿѹĥ
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ֲɢôУֻ֮ࡣ
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ųǽսͬͬһǵصļһʮܼһ׹սǰϷŴóǽϺܶĿãͫھҷŴ
ܣ
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ܸ˴ǿҵ
ͺԲ赲ĺˮһ
пĹвû׼
ֻڳǽϣһʿȻǰ̤һһֱӳǰһᣬƣʮɫԿȻƤ״һƤȴһܣͺһƣƤһܹŹ֡
һƲ㣬ϾеڶƲȥƷĸ߶ٴϵӡΪһǽֱӵʿǰ

ͬʱЩ׹ս䵽ϵһ˲䣬һͬʱһϺȣڵֱӹעС
ˢ
ʱͿЩϣͬʱųһ⣬һƣýͬƽ죬ɫ֮䣬ƺһƬΪһɫĶǽ

׹սڶϣȾ͸ϵĽһ𣬰׹սըֱֲͬӿʼըѵģͬըһ˲ʮĵӡкҲм͵¡
Щ׹սȴ׷ױǽӲ赲
Ķƾ𵴣ȴûбսݻ١
ܿǽϵĽۿɼٶȱð
ƣɲͨĶơ
ͬ³ʦ׼õģһԵĹһȥǾȻᱬֽ뵽еķͳľһԵķ
ƣʼͬȷһƲ飬ȻǲᱻݻٵģǿʹΣΣǸá
ƵĲǾʲô᲻ɴݵĲʣһǶеķҲòƣٴá


163 
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ƤܵˣҲûбҪģٻһµƤͿԡ
˵һĶơ
˵ǽһƤ
ȷȷʵʵģɸûܷӳǿ
ݶڷĿǣ³ʦڶƤģǽܷܷһʩչʿԣ϶ദһػʮǿҪƿס
һγɵĶǽͬһβƵĽǽӲסܼļꡣ
žžž
Щ׹սǿң࣬ϵĺ£ԿһϵƤ׷ѣɢĽ⣬ɢʧ
а׹սֱƿƣֱʿڡ
Ѫ䣬Ѫζڿлص
ǿĵƣҲûа취֤ٷְٵ赲סһй
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һǵһʱôʩչػ
һ޴˺գսʿУսʿǿкƬֹֻ̣棬ӳ𺳸Сǿ
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ٶȼ죬޷Ŀ졣
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ķʽֻһǼսʿڿǽͬ
ڳǽֽݡֱӹ
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սŴ֣Ҫ̽ǽ壬ֻͻᱻɱһֿµĹǷʽ
ѲĶ֡Щò׶Ը
пҲ¶֮ɫ
Բһɵս
Щһǽϵʿգһξ޴веķ𣬶űҡ
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ҪҲҪͬͬ⡣
һĨ䣬Ȼ˵
漴ǰ̤һ
˫ڲ֪Уʼ˸ڰ֮ɫ

һڰɫС䣬ɢо궼ڲ
ۡ

һɲǼ䣬ͬʱ飬׷ɢΪһöö߰ٶʮöÿһöͬʵʰ㣬ɢڰɫ⡣

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լԺһ䷿СȻԿʤһɹԪӿڣɢһɹŹֵĺ뵽ڡ

֪ȥãһӿ³˸һ󾫹⡣
ٽٲȻİٽٲܹ죬Ȼôͻ񺣾һأ񺣾ڶصľ硣ŹǼΪʺҡ
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Щ죬ڵõûа취뿪³ɽǺͿʼû뵽ƺĸŹһȻ൱׵ľɹ룬ٳ񺣡


171 
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еˣѾһ־ˡˣҪ뿿סʵһҪȥҪ֮ĵˡûбӰ쵽ߣõ£
Σɱȥ˵
ʤһ֣˿ٵſڵλøϹȥ
һ·ϣ졣
׵ľ͵ִǰλá
һۿȥʤϲ¶ϲ֮ɫһ㣬ǳʤ㻹ţ̫ˡ
ڳŸֻһ࣬һƦһվ򣬿ųеľЩ죬ЩãȻ˲㻹˭
ͻȻһ̧ͷȥһ۾Ϳʤ϶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫеʤҲţ̫ˡôġ
һ񱼣վһıһ𣬿зϲĴЦǻУľϲϲʵ̫ˡ
ھֱһʱѾ֪ٴĻᣬ϶൱ãпܻǰδ֪ĵ·ϡǴηֱпܾһ
û뵽طĻᡣ
¡
ֱ칫˵İšҪֵʱ򣬽͵ǰеϲãóʤųŨЦݡ
ӵһº˷ֿһ󳩿ĴЦ
㣬Ȼȥ˵
ʤ˿ܣ˵
ã
ûоܾϵĴӦ
صլԺС
ʤһ
ǵǷֿôߵǱ۵򣬾Ȼ³ɽעҪһһҵ
ʤЦ˵
Ⱑ£ط꣬ʵ̫ף⣬ûбĿܡʤ³ɽǿܲԾô˵˵϶һ̫ŹˡȽǵģ﾿ʲô
һĨ⣬˵
˵³ɽǣѾ޹ԳеˣǹȦѪʳ֮ûκ˿Դӳ롭
ʤɫصĿڽԼ³ɽǵ˽Ѹ˵˳
Ҳһֳء
̤У͵߽ıԵ
˭֪ʲôʱͻͻȻڰеĹ̫¡˸벻κΰ취ԸԽأԽ˿־塣
־ĥ̫ǿҵġ
Уǲʤǵ˭֪ǹʲôǻˣͿ϶ǺöǱ뾡뿪Ϳ˵
Σ֮أԲܾ
Ҫ뿪ֻǹ̫뿪ɱΣ֮ǰֻһǧ˲ȥΣɻܴĿ̫СڹˣǾлһӳȥʤͷ˵ңҪӣҪѳ˵־ҾͲţǲȥЩ˱Ϊȱ˴ͷѡ
ͺ֮ǰūӪһѹȣ϶Ҫ˭ȥЩ־Ѿֵزѻǡ
΢΢ü˵
ǸոսҲܿĳܶˣѾһֽľ״ֻ̬һʬ㣬һһĸо
ȻС
һѾˣʱôʤĹâ漴ſڽ뷨˵˳
еĹâŨͣĵͷ䣬Ϊ䡣
Ƭ̼䣬ѾεĴƸƶá
ڳС
һСڣһؤ۾¶һ΢ЦǹŹֵ૵ʺһ⻹Ū췭ظ³ɽǣҪˣҪ˼ˡ
һ漴͵ͷ˯˹ȥ
飬ƺһ㶼û⡣
һҪ˯˯ĵϵ̬
ҹʱڴլԺУһղ뿪ֱɢ³ɽǸȻ뵽ЩȺУƺûʲôһɢȥǧˡ
ˣ³ɽǶԣ㲻ʲô
ˮεһûʲô̫ķӦ
ܶӦǷȱ
֪С
һѾȻȥ
ߵ̫Ѿʼ

ʱҽӳдžʧܿľһضͻȻ֣Ŵ߼ùȻǻˡ
ԴˣܶеĿ־øŨ
ڿ־УžУЩֻǣǷ񣬸¶ͱеĿ־ûˡˡ
ÿ춼ῴıһ档
ͻֵǡ
˿ʼࡣ
ܶ˿ʼ꣬׼ȥȡԵġ
լԺУʤһۺ󣬵ͷһƿš˳ȥ


172 ΪѪʳ
ǰǰеĹڳԹ˺󣬶ڵӶ֮ǰΣգǰǣҪļɻ䣬Ҳ˵뿪³ɽǡҪȻͻᱻǹֱɱߣԵ
ʤһ뿪լԺٵǽ֮ϡ

ϵǽֱ쾯ӣֱӴݵ³ɽС
ǺܶѾ־УҲɵıѣ־ƺָһЩгһ˿׷̧ۿӴλãĿ⳯ųǽϿȥʤվھ¡Ŀ¶һɻ֮ɫ
λװգֵܽá
ʤڴ˵ҶϵرͬҶı䲻ˣݣҶˣǻۣȦе򣬱޹׸
עģֱӸס³ɽǣһһ䣬ֱӴݵÿһ˵ĶС
ʮʮˣǿҲܽȫԵֻҪ³ɽǣҾлȥϣԼδ
ʤٴδ
Уֶ˵Ĺƻ˲Ծ˲Ѿľİգвһ˿иֳһֲ֮ɫ
ҶˣԵƴһѣƴһѣпܻҲпܻȥҶΪʲôΪԼƴһΡˣ򡣡
Ҳȭͷһ
ҵѾӳǽڿ󶴣ֻҪԸ⣬ͿԴһڣҲԴӳųȥԴЩгȥҾͲţǹͨı죬ԷסȱڡҲлĻᡣͿ϶·һеˣᱻǹԵһɶ
ʤһķŭ𣺡ҵ壬ΪѪʳ
еǵֵܣһȥֻгȥܻȥ
飡
ʱ³ɽܵĳǽͻȻƿһ󶴣ʮһͨĶڣڳǽϣмʮ鲼ڳǽܡóǽһӱ˵©ɸһʮ־ˡ
һϵеĶóбİգһ¶ͬɡ
ƺǰΪ
˵ĶԣڳеǻƴһѡҲҪĺңԵô¡ƴˡ
ȺУͻȻһ˻
ǰƴˣ࣬ԲűԵҲҪΪԼƴһѣŬһΣҲڡ
˺
ԣɷƴһΣͲǹôɱЩˣҪɱҲûһӳȥ
尡ܻܲͿˡҳ尡
һ̣ѾʼĵİգһʱѾĥѪԣǶڻȥĿױȼ¶һ֮ɫ
ûκԥ˿ʼһڳȥϾͲĸųȥ
尡ȥǾʤˡ
ֻҪ뿪³ɽǣǾͰȫˡҿߣ尡
ֻҪһ˿ᣬлĿܡǵȥпܵûΪ˻ȥƴһкβɡ
һտٵķŭ
һץľ𳤵ץס£ͷⵣס򹷹Ŷڣ
ʱ䣬Уݱһ˳ӿĳ򶴿ڡ
ʤһۺ󣬲û³ǽҪ뿪ѣʿֱӴӳǽϾȥ³ɽ档
ڹ۲죬۲찵еĹᷢʲôķӦ
ľٶԲеĹھͿǹ﾿᲻¶һ¶Ͳأ綼ӦԵİ취
¡¡
ǧտʼ£淢İմӶгдӳųȥһɲǼ䣬ǧ˴³ɽгȥ
ǵƲɵ
ȱٵģֻһһжĴͷߡʤôһɫǽѹֵĿ־壬׵ȼױ
ڳĬȥڳĬб
Ҫֻһӡ
ʮͬʱӿİա
𣡣
³ɽͻȻıʣֱӳ³ɽǣܵľٶʱðصĹﶼЩɣϣӦһµ˻ֱ³ɽϿջص
꣡
ڳĵϣͻȻѿһѷ졣ڡ
ܶ˸ӦͱЩһɽȥһҽУʧ
Щӵ³ֵĶڣȥȣԷסгڣаѵ·ߡȻ˱µĶڸɣɸ˴ӳңٶʮ־ˡÿʱÿ̶дӳ
ɹˣӳˡ
̫ˣǹû취ֹǣĻˡ
ܣѾӳ³ɽˣҾԲǹСԵ
ӳʱܶлЩġǰôû뵽ôһʱ䣬еĿ־ȫΪǿҵϣ
ƺܻȼա
ãǳɹˣǹȻûа취סгڣ϶ûеô¡ǻлᡣʤ¶һĨϲ˵
ʤﲻ뾡뿪ǹҪˡ
ɫдأ˵
ӳǽȥʤϵ
ûԥ˶һۺ󣬺ɵĴӳǽֱһһʹ׸ߵĳǽ¡ʿԣ߶ȣȻ㲻ʲôһ鶼ûУת۾ȺС
𣡣
һŭ˻ٴڳǳϿ𣬽ţͿ³ɽм俪ʼݣһ޴ߴӵ˳ͨǻɫƬ˸ź⣬޴ͬһݳޱȷŭĿ⡣УܿѾǼ򵥵ޣѾв׵ǻۡ
ΪǻۣڷֳеİվȻͻȻ췴ʼʱеŭһӾͳԺУøǿҡԺŭ
ޱȡ
ʮ׳ȳ׳в״֡ͬһµĹޡޡɢ˵Ϣ
ûаɣֱӳǰɱȥ
ſһɳʯڿУĵɳȥֱӱУ̳ԽȥѪڣ͸޵׶ֻһҽУʧ
飡
βһڣ࣬ͱУھ޴£ֱըķѣݽͨͨѪϢڳã
һ޴ͬ͵ĺˮһɱȥ͵ĺһ硣

еǰİգ׷꣬һ˿֮ûУͱɱſ̽ȥ
飡
β档
һ𶯣һĵش̴ӵӲ˳յͱش̴̴壬ѪɺӣĲҽǿ־


173 ɢ
ǻ棬ֱͬ˼
ǶƳѪȪЩ˱ش̶󣬲ûȥ޴ʹ࣬ǲϷҽʮֵĿ⣬ǿ־壬ô벻ڰеģôһµĳ档
˾޴˵͡
һ֣һ˵ɱ¾
̫£ɢϢһ˿֮ĶͬɽѹͷҪֹͣ඼Ҫֹͣ𺳣ʵ̫ǿˣǰֱ̫Сˡһ˵Կǹƣѹ˳ױ
ôľ
ܣԭֻص޾Ȼһ˾޴ľÿֲôѹһپҪϺüˣߣᱻԹ⣬Եһɶ
ߣϿܣƴֿܰӡþûа취ֵһ鶯βͣõð˶ĵش̡̫ˡ
ЩѾӳȥİĿþĳ֣гױ־ǡ
ֵ˻붼룬ĳ񱼹ȥľѾսÿһ˵ޡǹްڹѾ׷
ʤľǸɱˣס취ߡɫˣôû뵽Ūôһֲֻľ
һߣֱֿˡֻзֿӣмʴӾ׷ɱбסʤҲͷеͷڵһʱ両֣㣬˵㣬һٴμĻᡣϴηֿǶԵõηֿ棬һǿߡ
ãʤҪءǶһܹȥ
Ҳصĵͷ˵
ڵֿߣлȥҪȻҪ׷ϣǾҪȫûˡ
ûԥֱһ֣žͬķӶݳȥ
ǣ³ɽǵİգϲҲֻ޵Լֻȣ޲ܵĸһЩƴܡ
ʮİգһǻ棬ǳ𺳸еġ
ңܵķǳ˷ģʶ¡ܶ˶ǸӱǷͬÿ򣬶һˡ
ʤ㣬ʹӴ֧飬ԭȸǵˣһ𣬱;ǿĺȻѩһ׳
𣡣
³ɽгֻ۾Ѹɨӣѡһ׷Ϲȥϵŭ𣬼Ҫȼ

˵³ɽеı仯
ٴη޴ı仯
ȣռٴоסĸۡΪģⲻţıķΧƬȦȥģСԲһųѷɫ١
ǰճǳصĹ죬ʲô
Կʮס
ΪεţƳ³ʦ󣬾Ҫ죬ǾһԵλ졣ȻøѡȫΣգȫȫԱϣӦȫܶطֱƵؽ
Ǻܿķչ
ԣ£ͽԺпλãһԵȦȥ
һελ
ڴʱҪˡ
ʼ޽еİճæµ
濪ģڷľïܵĴֱ֣ӿĿռ䡣ڶԣ̫ïܣ̫Ļ򲢲ȫ޹ʱܴһ֣ԤԤĿռ䡣
ȴͣĴһ
˵ûУڽƴӢսľʿͣң͵ңԺеĻҾҡ
Ҳ˵ˣ˵βսʿȫõҵĽйѫ㣬⹦ѫ㣬ھǿƷġпʼҪƳµľơ
ǰսʿÿһͶõöҵĽɱжģʮö֮ࡣҿɲˣ˵챦ģ̺ӴľԪٶȡ档˵ȵ򳹵ȶ򳤾ͻὫƹ
ҹĵǾƣ˵ҪƶµľƣҲ顣ҪʵʲôƷƷסôû֪
ϣܶµʱ򣬾ϲ콻
ÿ춼˵Ļ⣬һ˵һ߸ɻʱܹܿȥгֽ;ӵһ¡ǽ͵顣ͬһγÿһǰʽΪһֻҡܲϵ𶯡
ڻҵӣÿһ˶Ϊĵġ
Ͼû˭Ǵԭʼʱ߹ģǴг׻ҵҪǮƵҪһǮѵӢۺɲ˵˵ѡ
йھƵ飬ҲǺܶ˹ĵ顣
Ǳȫһϡ
Ϣ򽫻ʵµľƣľƶȻżĲͬ
ףǲ֮ǰξĴôûھӪѵ⻹·
ףǳŴ仨߹ȥҪʲô
һʵϸֳһ˿һ˿ԥҲΣһһŻŮȥŮʮƯֻ˵ͨѿ˿̣ںӱϴ·
̧ܵͷ߹ӣ¶һĨȣƺڳԾΪʲôʱôʽ
ɣ㲻ھӪѵôŮͷķ˿һߣѯʵ
仨
ŮǰЩִ٣ɼᶨ˵Ƿ˽ͣǮһʮöҡЩǮܡ
˵ˣԺ׬ǮˣһҪǮԼţϲ㣬仨Ȣš
Ŀģ׻ǽҪ˵Ļ˵˿ڡ
еĿʮֻȡ
Ǵ仨ѾһƬߺ졣ǰһᶨı飬һץסݹǮһסתͷԶȥ
һ㶡
ӣ㻹ɵŸʲô仨ǮʹԸ޸㣬㻹׷ȥɵѽ
ǰ׷ȭ˼Ҵ仨Ͷˡڲ׷ȵʲôʱ򡣡
㿴ŵ̲סЦ˵
ǴתɵЦץץԴӦһ׷ȥ
ֿʾϣһ㶼١
ǵŮվ飬໥׷ȻȻ顣Ҳ෱Ϣıܡز
ܿ죬ҾһЩӾӪ
ңκһöóܶյΧۡϲ˾ĻңǴδġǰδеġ
ܶУ᲻á
ǼֱһƷһ̫ˡ벻ϲѡ
ԽӵڴʲôʱܴģĿŻҡͨ
ڴϿɣУһҿһĻҡѾҳϿɡ


174 ҡǮ
һֻңܷͨǶԻҵϿͬ
ֻҪϿɣһƯʯͷҲܳΪңͬŴʱڵĵңʱƯʯͷĥġܷϣʯͷƷǱǣʯġںܶǲֵǮǸʱ⵶ȴԻȡʳʣƤȵȡ
ΪʱİնԵϿɡϿһֻңԣµұʯͷɱͨƷļֵ
һϿɣǮҲòͨ
ͺǹʱܶ೯ֽᷢ͢ղϿɣͬЩļֵأ޷ͨ޷Ϊһֻͨ¡ԣڹŴѴģУʱˣϿɵĻͭǮ
ڣѾҪһǾϿɡ
еİգѾϿңңֳǿҵϲȻȻģһֶصϡ

ھУͻȻһ
ʶĽעŹȥ
ֻռУһööӨѩ׵ҽϴи֣ҵһʱ䳯öϽɫĸǮ۹ȥ
βţȻԽԽߣǧöһ۹£ģ͸һѩ׵ССҲ£ԽԽߣɣ֦зֲ档ȻС󣬵ȴֻǿѾҶС
ֻǣȫһööһһγɵС
۳ССɢһ㾧Өİ׹⡣һ˿˿ԪȻȻĳСл۹ȥЩСϷһ˿˿⡣пݽߵԪٴοʼָ»ٶȣƺȵһööʱҪࡣ
ǣҡǮ
п۳Сȫ۳СһҡǮ
Ҳû뵽ôı仯
ҡǮѶϢҲǴϽɫĸǮлȡġ
ҡǮбһ۶ɣĸǮںһ𣬶ѻͱôһҡǮҡǮۣЩһָԪٶȸ죬ʱҲø̡
ؼǣԿҡǮϣһööмķο׶ڣƺͨĳصڣȻһưɫĹâڻۣǹâУƺܸܵͷϣϲãпֺ̰õģõͷƺлۡ
Ը
ڿһɲǣܵĸоһĸӦоԸ飬Ըʮȷĸ֪Щм׶л۵ģٲȻһصԸ
ԸƺЩԡ
ԸⲻǴԸӦǲӵԸõԸõͷȫһĻ۳Ըо綾ġΪҲڲԸ֮˵жⶾأԸ̺Ĳͷ
΢΢ü
ܵл۵Ը
жǿЦģ˵УԸ跢oǲ֪ж١ΪʲôΪյԸ⣬̺ŸԸߵĸͷһգͺиԺлصֱӰ쵽顣
ûжصķԸңǲԸ൱Σյ顣
У۵аնǮƵĿãϣǽǮͻȵȡ
Щһ𣬶Ը
ֻдԸܺա
в֪ղӵԸʲôĺӲ봿ϣѾԿĳ϶ʲô¡
Ըܻ۹ôӵԸҪôȥաѵֻܹô
΢΢ҡͷоһ˿ѣڶԣǲġ첻
ף
ʱзһ
ǲ죬Ϊոշ֡Щм׶еԸȻһص£ȻȻĿʼ룬·ǷУ̺ͬĿռ䡣һһ£뿪ЩԸУһ˿˿õԸ棬ЩõԸڷ档
ͺҵһ
һһ£Ȼ롣ƺ̺һصĹ档
޹أɷԲ
ҾȻһΪԸһǸ޳ƺеĹءңԲڷ
أԲط
Ϊ壬ΪǣǣȻ롣һһ¡ͬ
ȻԸЩ׾ͱֳ֡ȻԿһööҵķУǰɫǺɫתԵ쳣졣
һҡǮ⻹Ҹոճ֣ûгͨһʼֻͨԸٶȻø졣ʹõԽ࣬۵ԸԽ֪࣬Խ࣬ϿҵԽ࣬۵Ը͸졣һҿԴԴϵ۳Ը飬ȡԸ顣һҡǮ
˸Ĺâ
жҵľҲֱһңˣԪҲٴλգΪֱӻΪˣͲֱ֪ӱյУԪ»ָֻҪһʱ䣬Ϳٴαɿͨеҡ
Ը
ԸһۣͿٴԸµҡǮǮ˵һʱȫһδεĴաĻȡ档
һѭ
һ᲻׳Եѭ
ҡǮûдųǿ̣ռ䣬ȷһʧһ֪ҡǮıȥ϶ܶ˵̰
ҡǮܻۺƸ
ԱܣһʧƥﻳӣǰʷУͲټ
ֶһȥԲʲô£ᶯҡģĸʲô£УΪƣơֻҪ˵˭뵽лҡǮ챦ԴԴϵ۳Ը飬Ǵҡ
δսƴʲôǮơƴǵ̡
ĵȻҪԼСͬӣ׵Ľˡ
ϵĸֻʩȫ󣬾ҪʼԴӴͷųַأһЩ˿ԿʼӪԼ棬ܲӷḻĴӹ˽УıȻ̣չһת۵㡣
һԳ
ԺѾ˾
կߴĵ·ڿѻĵأңֵĵʳһҾȫ죬÷աջʳ
Ͼͽ͵֣ʳոѷ棬֮࣬ȫ֧˳ϼǸá
ЩʱĻ塣
ʳϣȫԸ㣬ҲõĶӡԲֶ˵
һ


175 
ǿʲôʳ
оϻ˵ĺãﲻš
ԲȻû뷨ԭʼһģԭʼʱУ˶ǳԲÿ춼ҪԣҪЭȡ㹻伢ʳԣԭʼȺӵṹĺӣǾۼһһܶ˶ֻ֪ĸף֪˭
ԣԭʼᣬܷϹ˵ǻۡ
һֱܡ
ֻгʳӦзչĶݱḻʵ
ջĴʳиĵԸģֱԸģѡѧϰּգ顣
ͨ򣬶ʿÿ˶ߡηɱ䣬ҪأҪˡ
ʳԵģӺյĿĻΪ硣ǿս
ԣԺעȥ֣ȥƴռݸأβͬҲͳȻͬṹչʽܱũΪͨʿĹȡ
Ժͨʳ𽥵ļٸֲ֡ȡ
гʳʸ߳ؼһ
Ҫһ£ӵֶ̣Ҫ֤һ겻Ժȣܿʼ֣յĹؼת䡣
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ѾͻƵ񺣾أ۳ȪУõȪȪ۾ǵһҪΪأͱ뽫Ȫ۳ʵ̣ҪķѴ֮
һǱĬĹ̡
ڣȴֲͨ衣
һ䣬ת쾭ʼĺͼ
һΰٴγС
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ʱȻš

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ǽϵľӣѵʲô·
дѹȪֻ֮һĲ۳ʵҪɱ䣬ٻҪ̣
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ȥ˵еͷ˵
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ڳǽϣƳ壬³ʦѾִ
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ɫ䣬¶֮ɫ
棬Ҳ¶һ˿ȣôôࡣ⸽ѵڣңĳִѲɡ
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ԣǣڵһʱͽǵԼˡ
ЩǴô䵽Ҫúõѯһ¡˵и񡣡
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176 
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⻹ں棬տʼʱƺ³ɽеϻմȾϢԣһʼû޹׵Ķ֡
ڳһʱ䣬ϵϢɢˡЩڰе޹Ͼɱͬһʢ硣ǻ棬̫ˡ
һ̣˶ˡ
ںҹУɽɢĵƹ⣬ܵ˳ŵƹܹû뵽ȻĳִӾϣת䣬úܶ˵ʹʹ
Ļˡ
ﰡΪʲôͲټһ£ֻҪټһ£ǾͶܻˡʹ
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뵽һֱһǱͬ޾ϲģϲõĴ
λֵܽãǾһˣѾ׼ζ෹ҷģ֮ǰʲôǾͰȫˡҲˡǴµļ԰
󻢴ʿϵһ޵İգҲһݣܿĳ֮ǰ϶ĥѡȣо˰һʼܽƴ壬һߵڡ
ܶ¶ڴ֮ɫгԵģ˺ܾõĶѾ̲סķһ
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ڿľľɣͬʿץסһʯͷǰܡǸоԼôĲ˵ľۼذ
˵̫ˣҪ׳ˡ
Ѿ࣬ϼ룬ӣģʳܹûгԵġ
λֵܣҸ˵Ǿ͸ԼһԺҶֵܣա
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ÿ˵϶¶Цݡ
񣬸ȫˣúܶ񶼲ķͬɻ󣬾ȡ
򳤣ӭҵĵһˣܴڳԺȡӣ˴ȥסĵطϤеĸֻ
дӳǽȺǰЦ˵
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Щ񿴵æڵл
ȻͻĳҪһ䣬ϵ׷ʲô飬Ȼ䵽˾ءɫңӦܵµĽѡ
пѯʵ
仰һܶϱܵ¶֮ɫ
ߣо˵ľ
ǰ³ɽǣһרŽǳضȦнеİգʳֻܽȥܳȥ˭ҪߣͻᱻֱӳԵǾÿ춼Ҫʮˡ

Щһԣһģٽ뾭һ顣
ܵİսʿǶһŭı飬ŭֱӿԺ
ԺҲɰأȻǳʤǻǴɢߵŪһѵ飬ŪĺðҪǣôܻõô˿ڡ飬Ҷǵ㡣
ʤǵһ
֮ǰūӪоŪ쳣壬ūǱףʧز˵ջӵūɽУǸԼǧ˿ڰ
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Ǻ
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ʡ͵ĵƣҵԴͷ
ажԳʤһۡ
ֻҪǲϵңҲûƽϡڿûжԼΣϵ˿ڽϵıǡǴ˰
оͽЩ񽻸
ӣ׼¼ȡ켮ϵٰŽؾѡȡս
ȻЩһʱ϶ꡣ
ǰȥ³ɽǵ뷨ֱӽ֮
˵;ожԶЩܵ;иô޴ĴۣǵִˣǿеõľֻڵʵѶǾвпΣա

˵ЩӵеһУǼһֵ߸Եĸı䣬ͬһ켮Ĳؾ󣬲˼ǿļϣÿһ˶ʿӷ˲γѳ֪׵߸һۡ
һ˶ڷɣ켮˴伮ǰٺþסĵطԺжһƬհףһ
ָо̫𺳡
ϡ
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ڵϣֱһյӾ޴ơ뾧ʯ˲ų˵ĹâƹںҹУ·һ貵С̫һ
ҹУԵޱȵĿ
飬һǿ
ҰУһѾʧ򡣶ںҹÿ˶ŷĵǿ־塣
쿴й⡣
Ǹ򣬺Ĺâ͸һС̫һǵйâǾͿ϶оס˼ңһۼأǳǳء
йķȥǿ϶Ѿ·ˣΣգƹλãǲԶϹȥ˵лȥϣ
һڣȻֶңڰ˭֪ʲôΣգжڹ˵ǿҡһͲת䷽򣬳ŵλȥ
Уޣйǻǰеĵ·ϡ
סǶԹ
һ
ڸܿˣʼʶĳŵڵλøֹ³ɽе񣬻Ⱦͳڸࡣ
磬һɽϣһɽׯȻ̾ϣֽƺ


177 ɽׯ
ɽׯռݵСֽɫ㡣
ɽׯУܿɽнɫ
ɽׯϣһңϺȻֳĸ׭ɽׯ
ɽׯܣһװһڸҪأŵ˫У䣬ϵϢʮ¡һɷ
ÿһǺǵģܿĳ̺Ų׵Ϊʵ
Ƕĺ֡
ƣ
ҹУһĹֽ𣬽ţͿһͷͷ޴ͺմӸ߿ƿն£ХŶɽׯ
ۣ
ЩͺտɲǣͿһվڷľװӣսֱӺȥһһ⣬˸ŷģٳͺպȥÿһ磬ϣݳһֹħ֮
Щ޴ͺҲǺǵģƺЩѾԵڿʱ׷׷ŭ˻ϷһɫĹâţ۳һȥײһ𡣲ңЩԶҪĶ࣬һ֣ĺɽׯ

ɽׯУһװʿ׷׳֣£Щһ飬ֱӻΪɢΪС
ЩУֱӱ
ԿĳЩͺյɽׯ֮ϣܼͺգʵ̫ˡÿһͷ̺ǿսϯ۳ᣬͬ㣬ǵء
ˢ
ɽׯȻЩͺյĹҲѾ쳣ϤڿģĹɽׯУͻȻһɫıɡɡȻ򿪣˲䣬ͿһɫɡŶȻȻĽɽׯڡͬһ޴Ĺ֡
һڹϣûɫĹϣȴûа취ƿɫɡȻתš
ɽׯԺС
ͤڣһɫݣһ˿԰׵ӣͬȻĿգǰһڱС
ڱл򿪣ȻԿⱦУȻžſ˸źıֻЩ䣬СͬӴСȴܿÿһڶ̺Ųͬϡ
вϹɽׯͺա
һһֻ豭һҡͷ̾Ϣ̫˿ˣһȺëҲεĳӵɽׯ֮ǰҪָΪ磬ûиЩƽϣȻûȫָҲʩչһ΢ֲӿػ
ɽɱ񽣡𽣡ħնʥ׷꽣ǽƾŽУƾɡ
湫һָ꣬һƾ׭Сָһ
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ЩͺҲǳصģϹâ˸üޱȣն䣬ͬϬĵ档ԲȱѷɫȻԸſƾֱײֻڽȱڣᱻֱնϡ
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湫ӱУ̲סһüĵһȺ֪ɽׯʩչ࣬˿鰡
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ŶȻеƹ⣬ñϸ
湫ԵЩ⣬ѩ׵ϣҲ¶һ˿Ȥվżڵһ㣬ţշƮƮڷϡ̧ۿԶ
ߵľͷһ貵ĵƹںڰš
ҹУʮֵĿɽׯλãԱȽĿ֪ǵƹ⣬֪پɽׯôңԶ
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ɽׯ⸽ͬŲٵĴկŪҫ۵ƺ󣬷׷ע⵽ķ
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Ȼе˷ٲ˵ģ½УҪ̫ˣƺ磬Լڵ򣬾Ҳָ࣬о̫¶ˡڿͬˡ

ҹУȴԵüΪ֡
ڣǵƻͨͬ磬һ㶼ûܵڰӰ죬ܶ˶ҹ̸ЦŮ໥黳顣дֱʩչտĳգ⿳ζļȣָƷһЩ⼼յģĴݡ
Ȳ
ɽУŵĳ֣һϵĴɽ˽һŸ飬̤Сڵȷ
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ӦýˣҪǰеڣ֪ɶٰգӶ˿ڡɢϣÿ춼ڻҰ
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Ӱ쵽ڣӵ˿ڣѾﵽǧˣѾҪӽ˵ĵز
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һϣ϶ޱȣС
Ȼڵոսܵ޴ʱƣ඼ͻֱ
ҲһķԾ


178 񺣾
Ȼӵ˿ƳеϲԹ
Ҫιƽ£ʵѧʶգðհҵܿٳɳΪԽԽ졣ԽãٶȾԽ졣ٶȻ졣Ը
Ȼ˿Խ࣬Խ
ңҲϣ츣İաУһ
ˣĳ֣ǻŴկǾͿ϶ῴԵΪĿ꣬ԸЩկָǰǲУҲԸȡϵͨ·ǿ·໥ȡϵʱ򽫳Ϊģࡣ
³ʦһĨ⣬˵
֮ǰϵϣһǻҰûзʧ·һʧ򣬾һѡԽ֪ʲôطڡȻ̸Ͻ
ڣĳ֣øĿ⣬ȫϣֻҪǾͿ϶ǲǰͨǰĵ·һˣ˷У벻ΪĶѡ޿ȡơ
Ҫ˶ãҵͻᵽƳ˼˵
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ңͨǵʹ
ʱȻš
еԽԽ࣬˿ڣѾֱӴﵽ࣬ʼĿƽߣÿ춼ޱȣңߣ伮õ󣬷׷׿ʼʼ뵽УԼϵһӡ
ᵽǿ󣬸ܵϵİȶͱܾſ־İգǽ￴һ֮ϧ֮õıᡣ
ңлΪʿԱ֮øǿ󣬲η޹Ը޲ɱԳꡣЩ׵Ľ˵Ȥ
кֱܶѡӪμӾӣΪһˡսɱиǿʵ޹ﲫɱػػеİգҲػԼ
ξ࣬þӪеľһ¾ͱǵ˵ĵزңڲϵӡ

֪Уֵҹ
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죬һԽȪ۳ʵɱ䣬񺣾ء
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⼸Уÿϣ߾ȫĶеǿȪ񺣣ĥһ㡣ķѵǺģҪȪʵһֺƴĹ̡
ڣÿһܸܵȪɱ䡣
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ֻһС֣õ״̬һһСֲֳɱ䡣
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⣬һɹԪҲԾ˵ٶûڡ
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֪Уһ֮ΪǿȪʱ
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һصĸодݡ
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иڵı仯
ȾȪеǵתٶȱø죬ԪٶȸӾˣʮӡңɢĹâԼе֮ø֡صϵ·øӵ׽ܡһ̤շĸо
һ֮ǰɡ
ңڵļϣøӻԾ
ȪмȡԪȻȻĴӿУϽϱɱУԿٻָϵ
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Ѷȣʱĳֻ̣Ҫ۳ȪȪһףˮɵĹֻ̡еһݣҪȥ̤ȥ١ȥŷ֣˳µĹ̡
аԵͷ
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ҲǺܶʿһɶͣ˲Ϊǵԭ
Ƴ壬һΪֱ񺣾⡣
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ΪӾ磬УȻǳԷˮһ򵥡Ҫ䵽Щ꼸ʮ궼ûн˶У顭Կ
ף
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漴һ֣гһöơϣѪɫĹ׭˸⡣
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ѶϢѣֱӴݵԺУһʱͱա
еȴһء
ͬʱҲ˸һԵ˷ԾԾԵɫ
ҪʼˣµһᾹȻʱںϣΪ½ŹȥãһµһҪСǷִ̫ˡڴ



179 ؾ仯
ǵģµһҪٿˡ
ңϴݳѶϢ뿪Ѿʱ䣬УʱпܿһͨƾͻһͨӵߣֱӴݵеλáȻҲѡȥͨƻʧڵƣǵһͨơ
һȻƾͳˣУҲûˡ
ԣ˵һһԵͨơ
ֻһεĻѡ
һûл
֪εµһᣬطһؾоУûƣǽȥġһʢۻᡣ
۵ģ½еһ콾
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ʱͻȻ䣬ڸһ׳֪ʱð˳һ֣߰㳯вƹȥ


187 ɱ
飡
ߣеķӦ죬һ˲䣬սìѾ̳ȥ׼ĴͷϣսìУ񱩵֮糱ˮӿΪһìֱӺУټעսìϵעС
͸ܵըϮһһֱը˲ͱƬΪ촷ۡ
ǻ棬˿ֲ
һƿȻ
һʮֽƥ㳯кնȥһʮѸͣ磬ңһ׶ûУ͵ϮûκǣֱӾһ͵Ϯ
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ڿǻǰ಻סĶˡ
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ûκλתء
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188 Ԫռ
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еķͬ޳ͬսı䡣ֲ࣬ӶԱȡ
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ħʦ˼Ȼ񺣾ʩչħңֹһħЩħͬȣҪ࣬Ҳ͸ƳķͨҪһڡܹ񺣾о۳һĿȡ֮
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Ȼ˽ħʦİأԼѾµЩħԶط۳ģͺдһ
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ţһħģ͵ĵ伮ÿһһħһŷ̺ģ͡


189  
ЩħڴԪռʮÿһһַĹģ͡ʵ򣬾ǷķĹ졣ħ˵ڶǷʩչĳ۳
˵ʮħ飬ҲζУٴζʮַ֮
ϧ沢ûϹҪĵرȴֱãħʦ㶨ħģ͵ķһϿٵķšٽݾ
ַһº׵ЩħĹ֮ʵЩħû̫𡣵ĺ㶨ħģȴһּΪķšƹϡֱ۳ģܹͣʩչҲģ͡
ͨû𣬿Щģһ㶨ûɱǱԣҪģʮѡԵɱ䣬ϼѡ
ɣȫ񺣾û취ģʱΪһǿսֶΡ
գաεỹˣһʼ˾˵ջЩ伮ֿԴķḻؾĵءȤǿʵ
ѾֹסųһŨŨЦ⡣
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ΪֹŪö龿ʲôȻܿٳһռ䲻˵ܲնʣռ䶼ڲϵ׳ɱ䡣
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һֱִҰϢ
Ҫʿ뷨
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жԻȤҪǾԲܡ


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һɲǣһ䣬ռоʹݳһǿ鱦һ˲ռУȡȥĴۣһֻϱ鲼ܼĻݣɢһɽϢ
ڣĿĻǴˡ
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ֱУѾֳĶ֣ΣǾԲܣڶأìܣͻֻ»ǿҡӲɶơ
һĻĻɱĳ˼ĳ
һ㣬Ҫ裬֮ǰѾһνɱ˫棬ѾûıҪԭûгģҲݱɵӡûа취ֹġ
ȻֹˣǾʹɱǡ
аһ˿ġУҪ֣ңлᣬҪΪǿ
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ѾԪ붫֮䣬Ȼ϶
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ëֱܣ̻үүһ㲻ݣǲˣ˾͸ʵѵʶ硣ë繷
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̻۾ˣǰĽ꣬Ǻ޲һڽҪһѪⶼԽ
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ԵüΪ졣
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꣬ڿ̻ʺ󣬴һƽԹ⡣
һ仰˵Žͳ̻նһҪ̻ʲϵĽȦŷһ⣬סһ֣˵Ӷᱻնϡ


196 ݹ
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Ҫ̻ԴϵĽĪ磬һԱߵĴϣһնϣһͱ̻˹ҧСңǸֵù⡣
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⣬ҲƵ
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޵ٶȱ̻ʿ죬;нֵĸϰȴ谭סٶȣһʱ䣬Ȼûа취̻ʰѳȥ
Ȯ̫ˣɪնûҪôɡ˵ǻۣýն㣬вԣҲûеݵĵزԸ㲹Ҿʹ˰ݡˮˮҪȻƴһҲҪһɱˡɪתͷ̻ʣ˵
µһؾ򵥣̺һԭȱ˴Բͨ˵ȥĻԷöϵϰƺڡ
ббӹʿҪǱ˵ԭ㡣
̻һ۾ˣµ
ԼϱϽȦͷַĺôⶫӶġȻԽԽá
һѪʯ˵ħо޴ĺôǿΪʵֻҪӦҾͽѪʯ㣬ҪǲӦǾ͵ֳ
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197 ռ
ܿеʿѾһС롣ȻһС֮ǰѰ;У⣬ʿɱȵ飬գ䵱̭֡
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ܵõһµĻԵСлԵ¹Ѫɱ䡣

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ˢ
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ڴ˧Ľ˵
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198 ʮ챦
ռҪͬڴ˵еĴţңԶ֮أ˲Խǧľ롣˵ڣԺû󣬱Ͼһɳ϶ӵĴկҪЩկγƿء
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УȻֳһöķöɢϢֳսì״һö۶ȫì۶ɣֿԳ֮ΪììУȻԿһõĿռС⴦ռУһõսìϢ۶һѪսìսìϣֳöǳӡǡ˸һ˿˿ì⡣
Ѫսìһ糤ԵüΪáɾã̺ì⣬ȴĿ¡ƺһй׭桪ҫݣ
ììռ䣬ì⡣
԰ҫһʽì۳ì⣬ìһ֣۳ì⡣һʽìɹܲȫì⣬ìͬʱҲǿʮҪġì⣬ìһ׳󡣡
һܵڵìۣҲϲ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪κⶼô۵ģҪۣʣԣսǷϡֱӵĹϵҪԸ񲻺ϵսһӶ۳⡣
ΪͲͬսе־Ȼ۳⡣


211 
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Ҫ˶ãϵĴìͻһɳɳĹУһﵽųߣҪì⣬ײндϴӡǳܲסìشǱҲܵشټɳɱ䡣
һɹ׽ϴӣͻбøìøӿ̣֮Ϊһ⣬ì⣬ͳ֮Ϊһì⡣ǽ⣬һٽ⡣
׽٣ҪɹŴΣҪײھءһɾŴ׽ϴͻ᳹׻Ϊʵ⣬ʵʡĽ⣬ì⣬Ľì⡣
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ÿһٵĲ֮࣬
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оһ㣬Խ˷ܵһδλսìˮУìݺᡣ֪УٴλìʱǰˮѾûˡ
ˮУһٰߣߵ԰
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ֱóһöӣһСˮֿγһпյشȻǱˮ顣

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һʿһµħǣͬĳšħǰܡһ̤Ʋϣµƶ䣬ͬʵһǰܲײͻȻ䣬ħǽһգ׳Ԩµȥ
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212 
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214 
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һ̹һ̻۷Ź⣬Ȼıŵõŵõİ˵Ϣ붼룬ֱȥһڡ
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дһĲҽѪӿǲҽֻһ󣬾ͿԶȥ
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¸Ĩһ
һ̵ľܳһξ롣
ɱ
бĳʣµħʦӳսì
ߣţеʵѾԤϡܶԸġٶȱҪ죬άֲס̫ʱ䡣ѵ츳ͨʵ̫ħ
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ܶеì£ܻɱеļʲһɡĿȴﵽųɡѡѾǰǰ顣
ħʦǺԥĳŴ̤ȥ
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ȻûгֹѵѾˣԣ϶ı
ϵħʦתۿǱ¶Цжʱһ˿õͷ
ȴ벻ʲôΣա
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ħʦѾȫ̤ʱб³һ
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һڰɫļƾճգһֺ󣬾ͻΪһһڴݳ֮ųŴż˹
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ڰ׹ϯ˲䣬ֻڰ׹âһű׼ΡȻеħʦ˲𡣻Ϊ촷ۡ


215 ƨ̻
һдܵĿ⡣
Уһж˿˿Լ䣬Ȼдݳ
þ˵ۡͨǱޣһ
У˾ˣһߡϣͨһսǿ⣬ǿ󣬷˫ޣǰ;ϧûһʼʹڳɾӦøߡ
ߣ񺣾ʿħʦûгɳܱ״ܣʵԽǿԽ࣬ӳս֮ͬ
һײ
Ȼϵ飬ǿ۵ס
ûΪڲߵΪͶӡ
Եޱӡ
κǿߣһǴܡǴСɳģ΢ĩʱ˴˵ʵʵĲ࣬ܿԺܴﵽĳɾ͡
һ㣬оųɵ׼ȷԡ
һɣǱ
ǰģɣ½һȺ֮ɳܽطƣδٶĹעӦõġ棬ʱп߳ǿߣδ½۷֮
ִһΪΪܡ

Ȼһ봫ţֱⲻһͨѣ챦棬ҪǻҪһֽţȴѡ봫ţѰ·ܲȫǡ
еȻһЦּ䣬ЩµƷȫսռУڿûʱȥϸ鿴Щǲ鿴ҲҪȵȥ˵
Ҷĵһ͵͵ַʮ־տֿտգҪһ˿ӦֻԪʲôʱ͵ߵĶ֪⻹Ӧλ͵
һսѾ˺ѳѺֻۣǣЩѺۣۿɼٶѸٻָһս׾ʹɢϣһɫװȻһЩ𣬵ȴûпκѪϲûκ˿ڡ
ʿΪͻƵڶǿǵҲܹˡ˵еĽղ֮ûʲô𣬵ȻֻԶԡ
ЩȻƿսףѾĴ룬ƿ

ſںһʱ£վȥ󣬾ǰ׷Ϲȥ
֮ǰͿ͵Ҷ͵Ԫ󣬾һֱǰ񱼡
ֻҪ׷ȥܿǡ
ϣȮɿϿɿҪȻҴ㡣
˾ժ̤ųĹϣƨȴһȮҧƨϣ˾ժǸʹͲ˵ˣһ·ϣֶζˡõȭͷҹûа취̻ɿڡ̻ԴϣȥԴûа顣
ƹӲ
˾յƨɺǲͬ죬Ҷ
ҶڱԳϣ˾ժǿԶԶģ˾ժǣƨϵ̻ʣ۾̻ʣ֮Ȯֻ½أù졣Сǰ塣
̻ҧģΪֹûһ䵽á
ͨͨ壬ޱȡ
Щ˻ֻǱҧһڣ˾ժֱӽ̻ʹƨϣҧŲţȭߣõ⶯ɱĸӿֲ
ݴţ̻ԽݣԽùĸҡ
ڶûгʲô塣úҶиӲ
̻ʣ֪˵˻Ҫٲ죬ңҵġҪƨˡ
˾ժˣôܻ᲻֪̻ʵĿ£ֻһҧƨɾͲˣܲһֱƨϹȮɡַûúжһݡ
ۣ
һıűʿ˵Ҫ߳ƨǼֱɲһţǳ죬һֱӳ̻ʺȥ
̻֮ǰ˾ժ˵ҪƨʱѾоҪɿʱѾˣУһ˱Ƕ룬ıָܷ·ǷŴǧ򱶡
ѿ͸ûʲô
һ£ֻޱȵĶġ
壬һ±ýӲǷŻ¡ֱӴӷϵ棬ֻŲϵĳһȫ޿̬µһͿ
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û뵽ôѸ̻ʣȻһƨ㶨ˡ
飡
̻ʵȥ˾ժϾͿʼùˡ
ֻɵУ׵ľʹһ壬͵ĳһףȻϡ׵ʮֿ£һܶ׹⡣Ϣ
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ҶǺ˰콫ҡ˾ժǿ۾ˣæ
ҪȿֻԪûкơҶЦǺǵ˵
ãǾʹ򿪿ϣֻһֻԪкƵĻǾͿ϶档ˡҵժ֣ǾԲģûʧ
˾ժǿҶ̬᲻֪˼ûж˵óԪŵ˵
ܡ
˾ժǽԪ򿪣ŹֵǣԪûӡǣ׾ܴ򿪣򿪺һ˾ժҲɵһ޷ŵɫ
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ǿյģʲôûС˾ժǳĬ˵
ҶԪץȥһǿյģ϶ʱһ˾ժǣ˾յѣҺҶǸͷΣƵ鶼˵ˣҪһ㾹ȻôصδЩ̫˰ɡ
Ҷѣ˾ժǿ֮ǰҾûд򿪹ԪĶһʼǿյģʲôûУҾûбʲôֽšңôģҲĿáôʱȥʲôֽš˾ժǸоһǿҵԩ
ûֽš
ƨɺ滹һֻȮ˼ȥŪЩ
ߣڣҪʲôҵôܿĳ㻹ǽгĺãҪȻ˱˭Ȳ㡣
ҶһߣȻĻһζûС
ˢ
ʱͻȻ˾ժǳźҶһץ·һֻ֮
ţںҶеöϢʧٴιۿʱѾ˾ժǵС


216 ʧ
Ҷɫһһףôû뵽˾ժһ嶼Ūûˣҳ͵Լеֱڴ
Խӵ϶϶ƸŪˡҪȻΪʲôԪӡǶûСԲۿôƸŪûġң˾ժ֮ǰ˵ֻһֻԪõģ˭õġ
ΪԼǰ׳ô
˾ժǣȻˡҲ͵㾹Ȼ˵׼ΪҺҶ۸𡣳һöס
ҶŭЦ˾ժǵĿѾüΪơּ䣬һöס
붼룬ͳ˾ժҹȥ
Ҷѣʧȫᣬ֪ΪʲôҵѾʧȥˡҸоҵѾʧˡҪȻһԵ֣ͽ㡣
˾ժһ˵Żһ߽һʱԼĲϡ
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Ҫңȥ
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ʧˣҵѾʹˣҶѣһҪҰ˵ţ˾ժǵֳźĺץ˹ȥһֻεֹĽǺ׸סѾ񱩵ֻ֮£»ָƽգۼ䣬˾ժС
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֪ΪʲôͻȻ䣬Ͳܿˣ˵ȫܿƣǼЪԵĲܿƣǳһԼûҪʩչժֵĴ㣬ȴƫƫĪľˡ
ժĶžѧѾ۳⣬һ֣ǳֲաޱȡ͵֮Уƾؼ
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Ҳûа취Ҷһ˵飬ûԥ߶µķ߾ǰȥƺãٴǰʱûϴ塣
Ҫӣ㻹˵ûй˵ȥš
ҶϷţͷŭ׷ȥ
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΢΢ü˵
̻ϲûиоκΣļʢ
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̻΢΢ĴӵԵĶȫµˡһ޿̬
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Ȼóƨңֱܴ裬ҵıӰֱ̫ˣĵ㡣ñʺڵ֮Уȥ
ҵıԽԽˣһܷŴǧ򱶡Ƕʵ̫ˡ
̻Ǻ¿־ƿڴ
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СȻܹĥѣԳɳʹʺĶ֮ǿǣǻۺ֪Ǵųۻ֮Ǿ͸ǶӶ
󣬱ӱøӵļ򱶣ʮ򱶡
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̻ϲ²Ҳݸû뵽һаԵſ̻ʣȻᱻһƨˡ
ϧûۿҪȻһµܡ̫ϧˡаһͷ
漴ͽ֮׵һߣˣȥҵĶ͵͵֣ɲʲô˶ġҶǺܺ档
һŹģҪֱҧԴ̻ϣݺݵĽµ
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ٶȼ졣
ǰ谭£ǽٶ¡תۼ䣬ͿǰӰڷ׷ӣһ̤ŷߣһűԳһ׷һߴ
ǺҶ͵ߴԪ͵
еһ۾ͿԼҪѰҵˡ
ҲĳƺѾĳìܣûһ𣬷ʼ໥ɱǺҶϣȫһݵı顣
޵ݶҪҧ
ҵֻմԪô˲һЧǿպһˣջǷĿɳ˼
пû׷ȥǼΪȤĿ˷ĿɳĻ档
Ǹ쵰޳ܵС͵̻ʿ˾ժǵıӰݶҪҧˣŭĵͺ̹˸Ե쳣ɭ¡
׼Ǻˡ
ѣ㿪
˾ժµķٶʮ־ڶ䣬ͬ⣬ңΪ˰ѺҶľлóһзڷϣ÷ߵٶ˲䱶
Ȼ׷ϵǰһɫȹ̤ڷϵӰһ׷Ϲһߴ

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˾ժͬһٶȣһĨɫ
漴͸о׵ʲô
һ㶣ͷһۣˡ
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ŮӿһĨɱ⡣
ּ䣬һ
ѣᣬᰡҵ岻ܿƣⲻҵ뷨ҾԲ͵Ů顣һҪҽͣԩģǺ˰ǾԲ޵µ顣˾ժſڻҪƴ͡
ŵĺɫʲôͶˡ
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ܵʩչժ֡ǿ⣬ĴǰʧٴγʱԿ˾ժУһö롣
룬ǲ𡣡
˾ժѾˣ÷߿ǰɳ۶ȥ
ܵĸоǰŮӵĿ¡
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ƯŮ˲ǣŭеŮ˸ӲǣѾûˡ
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ûҪ͵Ůġʧذ
ǰĵѣϿס۾ˣ˾ժǣǸո͵һŮѵԲܷŹ
Ҷ۾һ


217 𱻰ǹ
ӣܵĺǣҲҪ
ŮӲ֪óһ䡣ɫѾͬ˪еɱ⣬޿ɶơ˾ժǰӴܵӰ
ѣ֪˭˾ժǣһժ֣ʮһ͵Ҳһ͵鶼ĳʵ̫޳ˡԸȫѽ
ҶŮӣϳ֮ǰ赲Լĺ׵Ůޣǰ˵
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ն
ŮϿ˼ۣ̻ϴ˼ºɱ³ۡ
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漴ûƺ˫ûм̸˼
Ŀ˾ժǡ

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һͷͿ˾ժǳԼ׷Ϲ߳ȥ
ԣŵʲôǲҵ𡣡ԪͻȻ俴˾ժУȻץһɫڼסڼ׿͸Լһȫƣһģһʶһɫһ¾ͺˣ˶ˡ
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ϵڼ׶ˣ飬ֱϻƨϰëǿǱ챦ϣܱĶȻˣд
ûжһŤƨɾ׷ȥ
ˣΪʲôˣûҪ͵ڼ׻Ǻöñ˾ժЩᣬ֪ΪʲôԪ谾ʧˡһ¾Ͱһڼס
ĳǺöծˣҲˣˣûеٻȥ
Ҳ֪ԼֻΣˣĶǶǿߣҪ׷ϣ³֪Բһݵġ
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ѣÿ
ڿЦУͻȻǰֳһʿŻţ
ÿٶȣﲻ򵥰
ҲʶĻͷһۣͿǰ쭵˾ժǡԶǷһ۲ųߣǱȽ䲻ġ
ʲôⲻϵľѧ𡣲ã㾹Ȼ͵ҵľտʼûзӦһϣһŭ
ϴŵľײˣٲȻǱǰ˸͵ˡ
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˾ժûзӣֻܼǰܡھ滹׷ݵġһضӲһ֡
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ͻȻ䣬ǰһɽ壬ɽ岻ͨɽ壬ȻǺĵɽһеϣԺЩеķ
ŰǰĵɽҲɵʶͣ
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˾ժǿܵĸоһ˿񣬲ȴûбãϣûõˣǰʿΪȻȴδܶв
һɲǼ䣬һֿµĻڵɽǰ
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ԶҲͣŵɽǰľǲһ
Ů΢΢üĿƿ
һĿɿڴɫ
ðͫߣȻһС͵Ǹ⣬׿㶼ʣ¡⻭棬ֻǰδС˾ժǣ֮󣬾Ҫ½ˡ̲סһЦȴЦı飬
һеİǹȫɹؼһ·ǵǱһ˸ǵˣҪȥ½Ҫˣˡ
𣬾Ȼбһ˰ǹ·һ죬ɱڰɡаˬϾһ˿¡Ԥ֪Բ򵥣Ƣο϶ᱩŭ
ŭ𣬾ԱȿҪ¡
ҲԸм˾ժǺ˰ֻҪ˾ժǲԲᶪ˾ժ鷳ġ
ѽˣ쿴˾ժǲһ͵͵еٮٮߣӻǴĵزȻһժ֣ͽһ·ˡɹಣ޺ðҲĴ
ժֹȻֱû͵Ķ͵ҿ·ʤһԺȫԽٷа֡ʵڴ˧Ҳ̾
ܵĿⶼȥ
νĿ
ӣ
۾һƬ죬սꪵָʼףӲһͷڷ趯ͫ˸Ѿŭ㡣
ڱǹ·ûеӰж
˾ժǣѾǺ޲⣬Ѫͷ­¾ơ


218 ɽ
ʲôʱôĳ衣
ֱܴ谡
ǱŭҲûжôǰȥ׷ɱƤûк̶ֳȡŭգȴָܶо嶼Ҫը
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·ͬʱ˾ժѾ֪ãǴĻ¡ȻǸ⣬ֶԹѾ˵ܻͻġ
Ҫȥ
أԼҪǱһ˸˸⣬ԼҲԽܲˣֳ𣬲Ѫ𣬶ǳ谡һֲĥ衣ɱ˸ĸĵ͡
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˾ժ˵һ߽·˳ȥȴͷصǰӡ

һ鶯ᣬΪǰ׳ôᣬ˾ˣȽɱ˵
𣡣
ͬܣһŭ𣬾޴ŵɽ̤ȥĵ棬˸źâݺᣬƤɢһĹâסƤĤʮּ͡ڵϣжû˺ƤĤ̴Ѫ⡣ебֲӲѹС
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εĵû˺ѪСѪд󣬲ҵʹࡣЩڲϻܣɵƻҲԽԽǿ󱬷ֱǿƻпֱը˺ѳƬ
飡
׺ݵǰ񱼣ֱײ¶һĨǿҵĿ֮ɫ
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ԿϣëڷٵܵĻУһɹԴԴϵĳл۹ȥ


219 Ӱ
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̻׽ֺֻĽ飬̽еĿ׺ݺݣЦųһֻ֣Ҫϵ⣬һֻôƨңʳô󣬻ûܹ衣ʵ۹̫Уһֻ֣
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Ĳ˵̻ʵٶȣȽϷеٶȲ١
Ҫһë˵졣
ڱʱƺһ绷⣬ޱȡͬС


220 
̻ʣοûбҪٹ˾ժǣһҪģ־ѣѾȥ壬ɹˮӣ֣ɽ𺣣šǾ˵ǰ棬ٻߵѡ
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аԳ
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ܿռͻᷢ֡⴦ռСȫǺڰɫá·һ޴ޱȵͼ̫ڲζ˵⸱ͼռĵ档ͼжռķΧж
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ϵ·һ±ƣڣܼ䣬ѾתΪһսףϣһ֮սӣƺн˪ļ


221 
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תͷȥȻ䣬ǰһԵʮãƮڰеӰӰһŮӣʮָ޳ָ׿һذûʲôҪս׻ֻ¸ոצѾҪϣɢ֮˲
Ĺ񺣾еʿԱһצӶ󱳣ͳǹ֮ʮֿ¡ûʵ壬һֹŹֵ״̬࣬ȴ翣һûУȴ̺ŹϢ
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ͬʱУһ䡣ֽ⿪Ϊһööڰɫܵ׹ȥ
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222 
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226 
䰡Ҵӵ´У㿪ˮӣܿ˷֣߹˻ɽɹԨû뵽ǰ澹ȻǱ䣬ĺ䡣ҶҪܲˡ
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229 
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⣬죬쵽˼ܶľأѾڲϣѾܸܵķ

ֱĴںϣ׹˸ޱȣںϣȴ·һ麣һƺд뱻жƤĤļͣý棬ţƤϣһɹǿǿ赲Ҫֱ顣
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230 ˲ʺ
绷ƣֱ̻ڰп񱼣շУٶȼ죬һ㶼ûгٶۣٳɪ׷ȥϣûֹ̻ͣŲ۾ɪƺʲôˣʲôںˣҪɪҧ
ǾԲŹɪ
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յѾǰҲֻǿŭŶޣŻĵ񱼹ȥϵ£µĶ޶бһ⣬俪ſһʥĽ֡ܽ룬ʣµĲ֣ɪһֱȥ
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쿴һɫ۵İ׷ͷÿٶȣɱﵣǹͷǾڣõǹȨȣܼٶͬһҪִĵˡ

һɫ۵Ĺֱ̻̤һ㳯Żĵ̹ȥǰ档
ԣ쿴ͫҲҪˡ
ڴ˧ͻȻָ𣬴
ֻһ˫ͫ˸Ȼ䣬ƾʧٴγʱȻڻĵ֮ϡ˲Ϣ䣬Խǧ׾롣
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Ȼһռǰ֮λ̤ƽ̨Уɱɫڵˣڽ£Ȼվһ̨ϡ
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ڱ˵õΣƾֱŲʺţõһʵѷɫǿ˭ĽҲʵһ֡һһ˫ͫĪ⣬ΣҲû˭˵ʲô̻ʸһΣôоЩĵġ
λѣλı͡ڣ¡صһĹھΪ֮СڶΪ𡣵̻÷ǵ֣½ǧš֤
ЦǺǵ˵
ǿʼѡԼĽƷһѡɵһпʼȻǵڶǵ
ڴ˧ֱӵ˵
ûκˮ
ʮ챦ΪʮöϸСǳǰ˸
ȳеǰ


231 Ʒ
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һҲɵĿʼ
ʮ챦ҪѡֻܴѡаѾһĪĻԵֶ챦Բǳܹġֵ
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֮ǰѾҪõƷ뷨һָһöǳһҪռš
ˢ
£ڤڤһΰȻݶ˲ͽö̺ſռŵǳ͵ǰУʱһѶϢȻĴݵԺС
ռţ챦ܹգѹգռ䣬ءۿռ꣬Ͷأڵ긽ֱӿռšԽգռ䡣ƽһƷ
ռţҲҪƽһƷֻ۳һö꣬ûе꣬ҲܿռţԽռ䣬ֻǿԽľƣƽһƷֻڷԲʮ֮пԽռ䡣ֻʮҪԶĵطֻٴοռš
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ڶĻѡͼ
΢ڶѡǾ󣬶һԣ˲ǿս챦ݣռݲ˼ơ˵ڲ֮ء԰ͼݱһž󡣶ǿʵԡžصҪԡ
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𿴵΢΢ü֮ǰѾ챦ھӵĿУȻһž֣档
ϧѡˡ
һ㣬Ҳֻεҡҡͷ
Ҫѡʲôء
ʱҲɵĸоһͷʹ˵ܣһҪֻѡһǰ£ӵԾ
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ͼȻȻУͬʱһѶϢԺС̽ѶϢвӿֳһκˣ޾Ŀϲ
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˵ţ¶ص΢ЦһֵҪȥȦȦˣλϣٴμĻᡣ
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еȻһЦƽ˵
Ҳ챦ҪĵѣԿ˵ԼҪƷƷ˫Ϳ໥̸飬ɽסУÿһλѣԿһԼ֮֪λΪΡ
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ЦǺǵĿ˵
ãͬ⡣µȿڴӦ
Ҳûʲô
ʱ䲻ַ࣬õİ취֮һңﲻɱȫޱȣһ뿪˴֮䣬˭档Ҳʲôɱ˶ᱦĿܡһνף˵ܵõı˭û׷Ź
ɣשҪһشկݵıܾǿ챦λеĻçԸóı
һɫ۵ǰһ˵
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һʿͻȻǰһóһƴСС˵
СϣȻֳһöľ˸˿˿⡣챦Ĺâ
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çóһöѪɫ˵


232 ͵ڱ
һ챦ֻҪгʱ䣬㹻Ѫɷȥɱͻ᲻մﵽһ൱ֲĲΣһ̶ϣΪһĵ̣ڹؼʱ̣ɱУΨһȱҲҪʱȥ
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һħᣬ̺ħǱǧһ߶ǧ˲⣬Ҫȡħһʿ˵
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һ
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Ȼһⲻǲȱģһ챦ң̺һԣǱ챦ٳµ¥һ챦ֻܿһ֪Ҳҽɪһ˿˵
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ҲҪʲôҪĺܼ򵥣㵱潫ɱȻġ޳͸㡣ɪǱ¶һĨЦݵ


233 ǹ
ǴҪңⶫ϶ʲôû˵ġ
ζĿһɪⶫйŹ֣϶ʲô棬ңԲʲôʲô²ɴɪԸ͸ıͲʲôöпܾǸӵɲΪɪʾõͳһ챦
Σ˵Ҳң͵챦㲻᲻ҽɡµһɪڵ˵
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˵ŵ챦ûɲҪ
ҪɱҪ⣬ȫԷԺټǣδؾĻʲôΣգңŵԼʵ̣һ̥е챦ӦûڶΣգؼǣؾҪΣգ뿪ؾҲָܻ
һرڣǽ
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ɪԥĽӸУôʿţɲлᷴڣһΥŵĳ׶ˣ½У᳹õû˻
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ڼɱһѶϢȻȻĴݵ䡣뵽С
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ڸۡҵطϵվͽκϮϿյݣȫɱҲԽڷԸ
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ԴˣһЩҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
öεջ񿰳ƾˡ챦мʮ˶Ĺ伮οòؾдķḻһЩ顣
пǰѻ챦Ҳɰһȡ
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ȻܶණѾЩʿȥҲʧ´֮
ĳԼͲ˵ϰ֮ࡣЩܻöΪҳϵһʿԣһ־ǿ档ЩԼ󣬿֪
һЩòϵ챦
һЩǰõģֻвżǳЩ伮ġ
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ңЩҲġ
ֻҪ֪սԼͶˡ
սͨڣĺɫڹϣö׭ǣ
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ǹϸȥǹңõһɫĹңҲ֪ʲôʣȴУɢһ־ӨĹâһܸܵеļ͡
Уַڹϣһ㽫սʼ
ӲһŹ
ǹһϣһ³
һٽٽһǧ
һǧﶼûа취ңսֱﵽǧʱһ˿ﵽһʱһ㱻Ҳֻǽս
󣬲ܸܵս̺ǿ
ǿһǹƽһƷܳסһƷٴγɳǾͲһĿġûǿǸŹѹ֣ѹŹԭȵ˻֮ãпǸǿȥļ񺣾ʿҲûмܵס˲ͻᱻɱϷ׹սǿ
аֵİеսԳ


234 
ĺöбļѷɫ٣ټǿǷ׹ս裬Ըһֱûа취ӵ£̶ܴϣҪڱս
һõսܽչֵ£ҪսܲˣȻǴۿֻۡҪжս֮һʲô¡
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ǹڣһΪȫķӳֻҪǹɱ䣬ܳסǿǿƻǳֱȺ䡣
⸱ǹѾҪɱ
ַһߡ
ٴο
˿ڼף˿ףһսһö飬һöӣһ̶ֻһͼֽһߡЩƷ棬ɢһ㱦⣬ܿĳͨı
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սȻһڽߣȴ챦ϵȵĽߣһھսö飬Ȼһö顣ܼȡԪתΪԪԪǿľáߣٶȱһһΪأû뵽챦䵽С
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ܶһõ챦ңֻҪͣĳʱ㹻ֱһʲôܻԪԪŨԶطٶȸ죬ң콾ࡣĵرϡҩ
ֱӻΪ
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Ի̶Ի̣һ֣˻ߵ֮Уƣʩչ£ԶʧҲ޷ѡ
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ģͺһڸոսıոսһģһ˽Ǳһϣа˽šֻǱţ˸⣬޵ģȴеκ£޷롣ģһδɵı
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пеаԳ
ȷʵ죬ͬһĹ졣
в벻챦ȫǸӵ̺޼컯
һصıܡ
Ǿǻڵı뱦ΪǿпٵءһֻܿٳһءһɿٵغԭȵıͻữΪѹءΪеһ֡ҪǱ޷ɿٵصĻͻ᳹ױ飬ΪޡƬ
˵ֻ챦ʸȥٵأΪеĿһ㷨ûʸġ⻹Ǳǿнɽȥ


235 
ڣھͲڵڶ
ֻҪκ챦ɱͻᱻɽȥɿ֮ڱݱ俪ٵءԲκ⣬İԵ֮
֮ǰɺһսڣУϣԭȵͭսìͱ̽УȻֱӾͿʼݱ俪ٵءٳһռ䣬ϣҲȻȻĳһҪ֪һΪ㣬ǲ֮ܳΪ
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һ䣬ڱ֮ڡⱦڣʲôשݣһռ䡣һĿռ䣬⴦ռ䲢ֻзԲһСղߣز񣬴ϣһƬߣȥһڵأռ棬һƬǻɣ޾ޡ
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һͭսìϢĸ֣սì˸ı⣬Ƭռ䳹ںһԴˮ齻ڡƬռرԴڴսìսìѹƬռ䡣ռԽ֮սìٶȾԽ죬սìͻøǿսìǿͻÿռȹ̣᲻ɴݡ
ǿ׸Ƭںһ
˵ֻҪ߿ռ䲻ţ׳رԴȻȻģսìҲ᲻ϱǿ
սì͵̺Ƭռ֮
һҲڣսìҲûа취;ɳɱ䣬Ҫǿռ䲻ɱ䣬սìƷףܷԵɱ䡣
أΪ죬Сǧ磬ǧ磬ǧ硣
Ϊƽףףؽף鱦ף
ռ䣬޿ɴﵽԲǧ
Сǧ磬޿ɴﵽԲʮǧ
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237 
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һ㣬ѾѦϸΣҪһ£ȷƳЦ˵Щ飬ھҪмʱѾʼǡ
ҲѦΣ³ʦҲȥѾŵĻȷֻҪٴһ£ȷͿԽʵʩ
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238 
񺣾ҲѾԶˡ
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뽫ʲôô¹ֱһڹžϡڿ㳡ʱҲ֣е¹·һһ׷׳Ź㳡еһڹž۹ȥùž¹УԵޱȡһ۾֪Ƿ
еʥžܻ¹⣬۳ˮˮƣ˿ڣٲϵİվˣһˣͿˮϵʥײܿϵİջ᲻˵ġ
Ĭѵ
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239 
ƣؾϳľ޴ȫԭȵ֪𺳣ǿ֪ġҪǣǶʿңҲںϣݱڵ½飬Щ߸ԵĻ棬һпܻоɾһ
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ߣǻƳ壬³ʦҵӣѦ𣬼壬ɽһɡ
ڰ嵽飬Ѿڵһʱ
ҲǰԵͷĵǵһԲһһףȻдկһ
ǰϵģԼˣկԱִϵΰ⣬Ҫ⣬ƹܶףǾΣڵİҪƿءôֻһ㣬ǾǣϣԲܳʲôӣоסвá½ķڡһҪάְ
п˵
Щ죬ſûʲô̫Ϊ
һȻ֪е˼صϣвɴϲЩ齨ţĲŶзӵء칤ֽ췢ʳϵķˣʳУɱޣ켮Ҳ¼뻧µȻûƿأȴܼ¼ѫ򱦵˵׼ҵ飬µӲ˵ƿϵĽ滮Ψû취ʩչֽţҶϰգ˶ϧڵ°һͲץʱƴԼկѻĵءûˡ˭£ŶеȥӬˡóˡ
֮ǰడϣŴȻԼµĴй䣬ζʵڲ˵ˣ޲ԼȥʯͷҲйҪá
ģѾպһǰйˣǺ֣ٶկִƾŵ֣ԿϲκδӡǱ߾Բҡ
һᶨ˵
ɫʮţ£Ѿ׼óеľƯƯҲҪϵİ֪ţԲֻǳԸɷġ
עͺãʱలڷѲӡκаео
еͷ˵
˵һţҪң½飬ڷУһлҵĵص㣬ͬǮׯ֮ģлȡҡõڷƷļ۸կ˴زĻչеزңŵЩկУϵʡҪƷܹһֻҵͨ
ѦһĨŵ˵ֻҪʼܴͨկˣͻҲϿɣԺף׼ҡҪŷͱڼ۸ϣڸƷļֵϣ׼ĺկдزֵǶ٣¿ܽ綨Ĳ⻹Ҫѿء
ҪŷǾͱ뽫ƷֵĽ綨˫⡣Խܡ
ҪȻϵȵҩһöҾĿŵΪһȥͻܻԺҵΣͻȫȻûС
ͺִᣬκʱ򣬻Ҳȶ۲ȶͻᶯľͻңҲͻֺܶµ顣ԭȵǮֽͬ
һȥУֻҪЩկдزʲôģһԺֵ¾ĻԺͰַʽֵ¸ܴȲгֶܳҡ
еͷеĿţؼһ¡
Բܳӡ
ֻҪһ˳ԺͺðˣйԵģϰ֮˵˳ԣ˳ϿҵĴڡ
һٴһҡ֤ҿάгת
ʼĽ׶ѵġ
ҲЩνֽңҪپӡˢ٣ƾҵֵ;мֵĻңҪ죬ҪԸ뾧ʯʯ׵õԸ鲻ۡ
ڣҡǮڣѾ۳ЩԸ顣
ȫٴοʼһҡ

˵ڸۡУе˲ƶҹ򣬺ҼֵʱŰĵȻһ֧֧Ӷĵִ
ҹУָС̫һʵ̫Ŀˡ
壬Ԫ壬壬壬˫ľ壬ˮ塭
ЩկйĶ飬ж٣кüˣҲмʮϰˣ;еͬЩ޵ģ˲أЩȽ˳ģȽĵִ
εĽŸ֡
һկ߽Уڵĸ־գͬЩ˶ǿҵ𺳡ȻͬʱһЩõ˼ȫжСһ־η֮ġǶǿߵľη
ܹǳѹȻжͶ
ϵдҲǰϲڵİ׷ʳʵ߲ˡ
ɼǴ䵽½ϣûгԹʵ߲ˣڵİ׷׷𰡣滹̺һֵ˰밡


240 Һ
ϣ׻İ׷ȻԳ˳ԣܱܹңζǰܲģζ̫ˣǰĵףҲûа취İ׷ȡƺ׶ʼ׵ĽޡҪɱס
ⲻǿЦ
Щ׵ӣǴӵóģڵڣеĵȣȡɳգЩ̺Ļڷɱ䣬ֻҪʱһΣȫɱͨȡڵУڵĵףѾҪɱɹ
Ȼĵףɱ䣬ҲֻɱͨסЩ⹦Чסֻ̺һȥΪʣʣ̺֮
ңл֣ɱ䣬ֻڵвŻᷢ
еĵףʲôģĵ׾ʲôӵģȻ̺ɴʣֻǳԭҪ̺һ̲󣬿Ϊ
ǣз֡
ͨĵףں̣ܶܿܳոɱ䣬̺һ˿ھͿʼ䳤ң̺Խ࣬ھԽȫɱסй㣬ɳڲ̡̫棬ҲҪһʱɳ
Ҫ˿˵׳ɳڹϵȶ
вܲš
ڶԣһկִϣİ׷жаյĽֱ޷ݣֶԱȣʵ̫ǿˡ
򣬵˼
կ̾
һϣܴկִϡ
ڳԱȺúֱӽǴսõķУһ֮ڣЩݣǼΪ޴ÿկܰٽȥѾֳ޻ޱڵ䣬סڷУ˿ϻ
ƣҫͬ硣
ڴϣЩկкܶ˶շת˯໥̸֮ǰĸֲ˼ľֱ˯š

峿նС
ܶկе˿ʼܹۿţͻȻ䣬ͿһȺŲ죬̧һʮ־޴ٽ뷻С
ˣ
һУѾڷһյϡ
ˢ
Ų콫סĺڲٽҿһ޴ľڷС
ʲô
龧忴޴壬ָͬʾֽһдʲô
ۺʲôңʲôҡ
ΧĸկԱǹǾɵľǰ棬ѩһƬֱӸֳһöö׭
Ǵֱע
ۺ
ףһöҿɹһٽ
һöҿɹһ
ͨսһöҿɹһٸս
ͨһöҿɹһ
ޱһöҿɹһ
һöһ
ˮһöһݡ
׹սöһ
սһöһ
׹սʮöһ
׹սʮöһ
һ⣺һöʮ
⣺һöһ

棬ȻעŸƷļ۸ּ۸еƷкġҵļֵҲϸıעʳӱҩӵҩ⡣ָƷеģ׼۵ģȫ档עģƷӦ۸
Ҫжṩ
ǰǣҪҡ
ʳʳۣ̫ˣ̫ˣҾ֪еǿôܻûʳֻ࣬Ҫһʳǰ֧ȥеİվͲٶˡ
˿϶ʱ¶һǿҵ˷֮ɫ
ܹʳʲôûаƽѵЩƷȫҪҡ
Ȼеһֻҡ
֪ȻʾǾͿ϶ܵõҡҲѯԱߵ⼸ֵܡƽ˵
̫ˣҹԪȱаնͲġҪܴȥһʳǹԪоˡԪҲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ʲôկԱӣⶼҪ⡣
ңؼǣʳļ۸ˣһöҾܹһٽסѯʹϳԹİ׷̺ȴȫףԽסΪ׳һöҾһٽӲܿӦǺܱ˵ļ۸
ؼǣʲô
ʲôȻôһöܻȡһа׹սöܻȡһٽʳܶ˳Աˡ˾̾
λ磬֪˵ʲôҡôһġ
һߣѯʵˡ
ѯʣܺܶ˶˶䣬עġ
ֶһֻңֻңǿ൱˲̺ΪңʱܶΪƽʱ
У򳤣»УǴҿڷڽԼҪ۵Ʒóµ̯ʱǰֻҪеƷͻҽй򣬸ʵļ۸չûչҲԲο۸ʾļ۸Աȣ໥нסʱоңҲܹĸƷ
ңѾһ׵ڣ¥򱦵ģֻҪңͿǰȥʳҩȵȣ򵽡
֮ǰѾܵ㲦Լְ
һ㲦
˵˵۾ʱһ
ƽ壬ߣǻȥǴĶڳĻֵǮǰӦûֵǮֻҪܻȡң򵽾ʳ
˿첽žסĵطȥ
կˣҲ׷׻ȥȻҲڿʼ׼óԼıڷннס
ܽկģû˭ɵӣڿʱѾ²⵽ټĴկ۹ȥԼȥĴկҲȥȻȥĲ˵϶ҪһԼկеıҪлᣬͿʣִ㣬ÿկС
ֻǱ˴˵ĵ̾ǿѷ֡
ƷžԵġ
ܻȡҡ
ʱկеѾԼıڷڽֵߣڷԼסķǰ档һȺڱϣ¶ڴ֮ɫ
Ҳдկʼڷ߶̽飬կʲôûиԼƷغϵġҲȷӦԡ
һʱ䣬ⷻУʼһּеΧ


241 ֬¶
կжûǮûңһֻ໥̽̽կóʲôһڵȴ֮еĵ
ܲ׬ȡңԼƷʲôֵͿˡ
ǿǴˣǻҺϵļ۸񣬾һȺǸģйͬǶǴƷһֶۣȷǻڻҺֳġԺγɶˣ۸λ²

ʱ⣬ȻԿһһ˽
кͲǰ档
߻Ƴ壬³ʦѦһңͬεķ֮ʮӡǻҷеĹؼʱ̣ȻҪۼ֤ʷʱ̡
կˡ
ĿŷڵΣڽֵߣŴվֱկ˾סÿһվǰһ͵ĵ̯̯ϣڷŸƷ
ǳ֣ʱһ˫˫Ŀó
壬ǴдƷܲܽһ¡
һ̯λǰ̧ۿһ̯λһ泤ᦣдŰ֣֪կԼկıǡǰУկҲĳ졣һ۾ϳʮĿ
һĿȻ
ˣ򳤡
Ŀ˵ǰһֱһ־Ұ׼һֱҵĸΪ㣬ʱȼԾ񣬸붨ң񲻻ܵӰ죬Ԫ죬ڹĸ졣ΪǰҰ׼ҵ֮һ
˳ߣԿڵ̯ϣһϵľϻװŵ㣬㣬һѩɫɷ¯еȼ˳¯Ŀ׶ɢζ
ǰ׼ǰزרų۸ʿʹá
ڽ½󣬰׼ҷ֣Щø棬Ѹٽ룬̤ʿżңԪٶȸ죬Ϊӡ񺣾ʿԣǲɶõĸ֮
͵ͬһڵҩƷ
ֻǣóԽȥֱ̺صȻж㣬ҪȻȼɻ̺һ˿ʣֻʲ࣬һԣ̫Ӱ졣
öʿ˵ѵÿΪĸ֮㣬һҿԸöҵļ۸񣬿㣬һ̿ȼʮʱ棬ֵǮж٣ȫҪˡ
п˵
ǿԸҩ㡣
ǰʿУǺܶŶȥеĶŵ̴㣬ŵ㣬ɲֻ˵˵ԣܶһļգͬһ൱ķš
ΪȵҩҪ٣ϾҩֱӳԽڵģڵġ
Ȼδһһ̡ףһ̻ǰеĴдϲʲôǴջ񰡡
һ£һöҾܹһٽףһ㣬öңǿʳǶôӴһʡܾ

һööҴѦ˳䣬һֻԪǹУ򱦵УƹܶѣĴԪлв١Ե޹ʵľ衣ԪװȻҡ
һһҾڵ̯ϡ
Ӳӣλεģڵϣ໥ײ䣬ö
಻٣ö
һöңϸֻ湴ճͼƣγͼֳ׭㣡
ڷ棬һɽӽ壬İ̬ͬһϺͼľйٻ£䣬ũдȵȣЩʮϸСȴŹ׭ƣ
һ㣬һơ
Уʮ־зĸ̺ܵеľ
ңҴûп˾Ļң棬̺һɾգֱ
Уֱǰ֡ǮңûмκĻңôĵزǣܶ඼Ǵֲ졣ܸһУϲ
ЩûɡѦ󣬵ͷ˵
塣
ʲô
ԵЩѯʵ
ڶѪʯѪʯǿǰ֧ľѪʯգң߷ֱըɲСδĲֻ࣬һ顣
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Ѫʯǵһǿֿ޹õģιҲһЩϣǿޣóռһ£óϰٿ顣
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ԵͷϣԼһУ˭лѪʯӦһѪʯⶫ׳ȷ;Уδ̫˷ˡ
ѪʯҲҪˣһҿöһļ۸չΡ
̫ˣȻ
ͷЦ˵
һ£ٶö䵽ϡ
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ٴó
֬¶һҲɰһԲͨıתʱû˲ֹ֣Чޱȡ
ͨľˣҪǶҩ˵ܿٵĽҩ졣Ҫҩ൱ǿֶΡڲľԣ֬¶ǾʥһĹ屦
öһһöҡж٣Ҫ١
Գп
Ѿ²⵽ֻ°УӦ֬¶ķпǵõһ۳֬¶챦
֪Ҳȥᡣ
ҪˣȥǾǻ˹أûһ챦ʲôǶϣȥ֥顣Ŀǳûа취һǿġ
ȻҪʮΣȫ
һ֬¶Ȼһöҵļ۸Ͷѿϲ£ϵЦݣ˵жá
ʮΣһöǧöҰ
һʺưĺơ
ɽʱƽ֬¶ֶǲģô벻ԼկеıôֵǮֵ̫Ǯˡ
ǮˣǮˣ̫ˣǿȥʳˣԺǰ岻ٶˡҲ˷ܵķһ
һȺ˽̯һѵСΧһһǰžңǰ֡ϲûκοܣôҵľˡ


242 Ǯ
֪УϿҵͬʱһɹԸȻȻ˳ңҡǮϣڵҡǮںУĸܵԸٶȱø켸֡
կ˿һ԰¶Ľɫ
ݼ۸ϱעļ۸ǧöңˣҪˡֻҪȥһʳǰԺ벻չѡ϶׳󣬿ٱǿġ
Ԫ壬ǴıȻĢ
ڶ̯ǰһǹԪĵ̯ҲڷŸƷ
ǹԪҲزǴկУһʮصĢλĢȥƮƮɣʮ죬ޱȣǴûʳԵʱ򣬾ǿλĢ伢ġĢ̺صȥǿ壬ΪιҲĢһЩ
Ԫƿһ߹ʱϲڴĽܵ
Ģζǲǻг
λĢһֶʳģĢʮֳֺ߲֮ɫȥ˲һõоǳϡкƷסƽ׼Ʒ
ԺУ˲両ֳһѶϢѾٽǰ߲ĢѶϢ
Ģ־࣬һԣԽޣԽ̺綾ң߲ʰ쵵ĢԪ徹Ȼھ֪ڳ֮ǰ϶Ѿ۾ˡΪӣѾ˲ô࣬ʱ϶žҲҪǶ
һԣ֪λĢǿԳԵġҪȻû˭ȥԳô޵Ģȥ˭֪ȥ᲻
λĢһֲʳģʮζλĢڣҾüʳĢʹ˽ӡʳǿ϶Ǿʳ۾һԺѾٵüʳַ
λĢʳ
λĢ۽ƣһöҡǿΡ
˵еζѾʼڳһ˿˿ҺϸʼԾʳȻܷŹɽ亣ζɽоͰĢࡣͨĳԷܸõĸоҪǾ֣֮ؽø
ЩĢͷܴһԴСһһҡ١
Ȼ
¶ϲЦݡ
ЩλĢһٽңûжƽϣٽֵŰöҡȫ
ЩѪ٣ȥ׳ǿѪΪָŵ̯һɫĹ٣ٽܵ
Ѫ٣ͨɫѪ٣ǧ£ɳɴѪ⣬ɴѪҺǿ֮ƵҩơƷסƽ׼Ʒ
ԺҲڵһʱ両ֳйسѪٵѶϢ
ⷽ棬ŵǿֻҪһΧڣܽЩƷѶϢ̽߰˳ɡΪ׼ȷҲаտԶгеĸƷ׼۵
ѪҲҪˣһöң֪ԸԸ⡣
΢󣬿˵
ɲ۽ѪһҲֻһң۸Ӧøպʺϡ
ȻԸ⡣
ƺԥĴӦ
óҪȥġѪ٣ڹԪУ٣һ֣ٳֻҪϸǾǿԴȡǮƲҪġ
ЩѪһҲٶöҡ
ģԪûˡ
ּկ̯λǰ
ò˵Щկڽ浽ڣжһЩı֦ȻаڲϣܽϵɢĻǶᱻơʮȿʼϮЩ֦֧
аֻ֦ҪˮУܱ𣬿Էӳа֮൱жöһ
ɲֻа֦ãȫԽ֮뵽ֽУĻƳķ;а
ؼǣһͷͬһ㣬֦ǿȫԳ֡
կóϡı
ĸʯʯȵȣ𾪵ĵرó൱׵ıңǴկֶεƷЩǿ֣ЩҵԽھ򡣵УܵԣȻóײǵѡ
öҩ
֪Уĵ̯ǰ
ֻǰڳġһҩҩʣժġ
˲Σƾͨݡ
Сϸİڷǰ
ЩǴժҩġ˲εٶʮݡƾҲʮϡͨݣȥͨЧʮ档
ڴģһСұŮдһʣȻʮƯɢϢȴȻһĸоеķ꣬񶼿ԳҪ˵һݣǾǿˡ׽ͬڼСá
ɡ罨ġ
һ˫֣ϲҩģҩϣʮϲЩݲһ׽ĸо
˲Ǻöôʵ˲ΡҩԸ㣬˲ʮһʮݵģԸʮöңʮ꣬ʮöʮݵʮöʮݵģʮöʮݵһʮöÿʮ귭һԽߣǮԽߡʮ֮ڵģӦ
΢ۡ
ҩԽߣȻֵԽߣеҩҲǳɱԽǾԶԽַһš
Ͱ򳤵ķۡգգ۾͵ͷӦ
۸Ѿ൱
˲ʮݵ꣬ʮݵ꣬ݵһꡣƾʮݵʮ꣬ʮݵʮꡣʮݵһꡣͨһꡣ
˲μļ۸ǧ˰ʮöҡ
ƾ۸˲Եͣʮǰöҡܼ۸ٶʮö
ͨͨݵļ۸ʮöһꡣǧöҡ
Щҩļļ۸ﵽһǧʮöĸ߶
̲סһ󻶺ôһǮƣڵĴ˵ֱǾøɷ¶еϲòֶ֪ôǿҡ
ϲ֮ɫڸǲס
ڷйһȦо뿪ˡ
ĿģֻΪ˷гҡóȥƶӦļ۸񡣶ĿģѾﵽˣǰɢңѾﵽʮľ
Щңܴһ֣ٴλУع򱦵ԺϽͨĻҡ
һһأͨ
˾٣νһƶáЩկϵıңʮϲΪǿжɡϲԸܡڻҵĹʮΡ
Ƴ¶ϲõ


243 ħЫ
һ㣬ѾҪκεΡ
Щկ˵УܿҵϲοҲֽͬʽһֽңֵ̺̺оֵжΪĹЧЩұľ˼ֵ˽ܣԶûеôѡ
һȻȻĹ̡
壬ȴͬ졣
ζţҵõܴկϿɣĻңѾȷһλ
ھǵȣȸдկѾϰҵĴڣϰףηлҵĿģĴˡѦ˷ܵ˵
ˣлң˴ڵļֵ
ˣǽƷͨ׬ȡۣµһһУܶ޴Ӱ졣Ǿˡ
ͽһĻѾġңϿɡ
ǵһӡдկǱʶϿңԺҲֻҡиһͷ½ңʶ϶½ͳһֻҡ
ͨţңһԳΪĻҡؼǣҪȶгоԲҡҿֻ֣ҪЩկԸ⹺ǾǡЩʳȥȻģҲͬЩͨʳѾԲꡣ
п˵ҵļֵܹ򵽸Ʒһ㣬ǱҪ֤ġҪȻ򲻵Ҫʲô塣
ģ򱦵Ѿ׼ȫѾȥ뷻УֻҪԸ⣬ʳԳ㹩ӦиֱȵƷȫŽ¥Сڻкܶʱ׼ֻҪκҪڵһʱ䣬
Ѧоһŵ˵
еͽ𡣻ϣ³ʦǸҪҪ顣
жڷвû̫ǣֹ̣һˮɰ飬ؼǣʵѹκδկεѹ£лңȻ˳˳ˮ
ѾоͨҡǮı仯Ƕô޴
ҡǮϻԸٶȣֱʮٱĿʼҲʼټȡԪҡǮ»Ԫһ㳯Žɫɱ䡣
Ըۿɼٶӡ
ֱ仯ǿԸܵġй㣬Ҫ˶ãջһԸ顣Ը飬ͿٴοʼµҡѭԿƶķչ
Ƴ壬³ʦһصۡУ˾һȥüʱ罫ʱƳǲŶȥڸԵϣȴ¶֮ɫ۾ǰδе
ƣưƳһһ
ֻҪĸȹ̣Ҳûܹ׺û뵽Ȼ˲˼³ʦҲʧǵɫȴһƬȡ

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Уٴοʼ˸âկ˲ûȥ
Уֳϯ񶼴һֿܵУõҺ󣬷׷ǰ¥УʼʳһѾװõʳկ˷׷װᵽסĵط칤ִ峵ʣЩ峵ڣԺɵĴŴʳԼĴկ
ʳ
ɹǷɹ١
ڣܶկеʿѾʼңУ׼֤Ƿͬеô档
ڵ£ƸաںڰУʵ̫ĿˡĿע⣬ͬҰע⡣
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Уܿһ൱µӰ֡һʼԿӵģ˵ϰ¶ʵļ⡣һڵĳìͷǻҺɫģ۾ɢһĨ䣬ֱϣֳըԵļ⡣
һӿ
ⲻʲôֲ顣
ֲӳ״ӵ¶ϰˣ°˿ȴ˵ͷƤըǻǻֲ̫ˡ°˫ţǾ޴ЫӣɫЫס˸ͬɫìһЫȡһ޴޳ĺɫЫβɲ¡
ⲻ࣬ЫӸںһɵĿ塣Ы壬ҲħЫ塣
Ы࣬в׸ߡɢһɱϢ̧ۿǰȻǵڵλãѾԶˡ
ڵضС
һЫ˽ϵ˳ʼߴɢҲ磬Ȼ⵱УΪ
峤ѾҪӽǴλáܸܵǿҵѪ
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ǰ֮ǰһկȻֻǧˣ׼ȴЫĸǿߡܸܵϢǿңɱǣ϶ܵõĺô
Ы峤һЫǿ˷ܵ˵۾ڷŹ⡣
࣬õѪʳ׼󣬸ܵõָǿôħʹͣʮַġңָħеõѶϢֻҪгļƷǽѪ֮ԽǿתЫ塣תѪֻҪõطЫ׳󣬽ǲ赲ġ
һЫǿߣѾȲҪҵ͵ۼ֮أɱһĳ嶯
ܽۼأʵ򵥡Ǵӵ͵Ϯɱһֲ֪ͨȥӵھٶҪӿ죬Ҫ졣ǲڵϻֻܹҼӿٶȡ
ħЫ峤һϺȣת̤ضС
ЫҲԥ˽ȥǵضǰƾʧ
ʮ죬֮ǰûдڹһϢġַǹ졣
³ɽС
ѾûаաòƲ
һľ̾ڳǽϣעŵڵλãò£ʧ
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һֻ˶ޱȵĻȳȻϰգƺңԶ򣬵˸Źâ
䣡
һĽУԿɽУһӣĺӰ顣̾УͬһƬƣʼŹâķƿնȥ
ݳ̳Իȳ棬ϧ̳ԵԱȻȳԣֱǱˮнһӰ춼ûУЩݱȥתۼͱһѰ׹ǣӰеȥڵϣķѡ
ǻ棬˴Ŀġ

ɽׯ
һ԰׵İ¹ӣ̧ۿҹеĵһ֣ԸߣĸǰǴľۼأûʲô֡ŻɽҰУôܺﱾӵ
һ˵һһӣĻ̧ӡ󣬸żŮ
Ů¹ӿһۣ̲סҡͷΪʲôʢ˥ء


244 ħ
ˣҵ⼸ŮѾˣٻŮģòϾͲ̫ˣϣۼ֮أɵĿŮǿ鰡
¹ҡҡͷߵļѾֱˡ

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ɴŮŻҡ
ˢ
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¹ȴҡͷҪˣŸճţˣ»ʲôЩǺģڹؼʱʹãܳгӵľɡʵǺܿ鰡
һŮ̲סСµ飬ҿɣһĲ԰ףǽ罿òһ㶼ġҪǲˣҪ顣ءΪǲ֪
ȿȣ
ŮСҲ¹ӵĶ䡣ɫһ²԰ףҿ˼£żŮʲ졣

ΪʲôоЩ
ŻƳ³ʦ뿪ҲصУ֪ΪʲôһЩصĸоʲôõԤסҲû⣬Σգϣ޴ڣʱп֣ܳҲǰ޸֮
޷ǾǱˮڶѡ
νƳ³ʦҹǸ˵ͼ顣
ͼֻ̥Ҳζ޵Ŀܣͼһųǵ̥͡
ֻҪԸ⣬ʱֱ̿
ǣֻֻ̥һģͶѣɳǡҪָĶϣȰǰľǣɳǣҪʲôϡͨϵĻֻ˷ͼһ
ĵر
ĵر϶ϡٵģӵдķҪһɳǣȻǲܵ顣
þʯùǾⶼʡ
ЩϣбͲ⡣
ҪҵЩϣңԴԴϵģ͸ϡ٣иƳ壬³ʦǣ˺ܾãûа취
ϵһ첻Ҫܿʼ
ڹؼǿһϡ
ɸΪ֮
΢΢ü벻£ֻʱһߡ
ɳǵ鲢һʱڲǸո½վסŸҪķչҪһʱ䡣Ҫ˿ڡ٣ƬɽȣʱռΧ֮ڡ
Ѿעڡ
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ȻԿһеУٵĳһСӣиҩ֣ͬʵ˲Σƾͨݣڵһʱȥ
ЩҩУûгš
ڵ죬̺ҩž޴ޱȵ档һֽȥЩǷϵҩʼٻָһɹȻĳҩл۹ȥ
һλãһ֦֮С
֦ں󣬱֦ڵͱʼҲʼȻûпʼѿ٣ܲܳɻѿǾҪʱ֦ı仯
ڳѪ٣ĶѾɵѾɢû£ǵ죬Ҳûа취ٴλ
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Чǲ˼顣
ңŸҩֽȥԸо̺ƺӳ棬ɢһҩ㣬ڲţٶȣ֮ǰҪһЩƺҩҲܳΪϵݡ
ҩȥܼӿ쵤ϵĳɳٶȣҩԽ࣬ͻһҩԣ뵽Уﲻšϲǰ˵ܶޱȿٳĶϡ
ܵϵı仯а
Ҳǵϱ֮Ϊ԰ҩ̵ԭ
ҩһ뵽С
ռıԭȴƷȫСڵĿռ䣬ȻǴ´ࡣ
ڿռ䡣
ȻԿһһ۶ɵҡǮգҡǮڲߣϾ֮ǰȥֻ࣬беԪŻع

ܿҡǮϿգһööѩ׵ƾո֣۵ҡǮУҡǮܿѾһֿʼ˸Ž⡣âת
ڵķУȻ˸ŰɫɫĹâ
֪У׹ڹ£ͿһööɫԸʹҵķ۳ҲкɫԸۡǰɫԸ飬ǺɫԸ顣һۣͽ׳⻪з׵ңһʵĵǮһ
ңҡǮв١
ڷнֻԸٶȱø졣ԽͨԽܵϿɣֻҪһ£ԸõĲõģȫҡǮϡ

һζһҡǮ
ʱͿҡǮ۳ĺɫɫԸ飬Ѿһ
ɫģ׵ĺ覴ãڵģѾˡ
ϸȥɫԸʮöңɫԸҲʮöҡ
ɫԸȻö˵̺Ըʮ־һ˿ʣֱǰõԸ飬ȫͬġޱȾԺ
õͷ۳Ը顣ǺڰУܸܵɢĸҪЩħʿҪȻĻ߻ħΣյС
ȻȻĳһöޱȵԸ顣ɫԸһ۾ܿһа⡣жħСвõͷ
ȻǺɫԸ飬ͳΪ顣ħ顣Ķգ֪ܲҡ
аԳֺɫԸ飬ǿ϶ȥģȥҲԲʲô¡˵Ӱ죬նˣҲɻˣҲɷӡ
ڼǵ
ħҲԸۣǷɫԸ飬ҡ
ͷһ֣Ժѿ˸ĿԵĻǶԣһξ޴ͻơʵ̣ӡ
Խ֮ٴãܴļֵ
ˢ
ûгɣ˵һ֣Ǭ¯Ѿٴγǰ
ʯǾ¯У̲ơ
ٽöɫħͽ¯С


245 Ĺ
һ̣Ҳɵһ˿
Ͼǰͬңش󣬳ɹʧܣֽȻͬĽڣʮּᶨ
Ǭ¯гֳĹŹ󣬱ǰɫԸʱҪˡ
ɫԸʱ渡ֳǧĻ档ڳֳģȴǸֳջĻ棬ҡ֡һãͻУ԰Ρ
ļңԶǰ

֪УͿһööɫҴӽ³˸貵Ľ⣬ײ䣬ö쳹顣
Ŀԣңǰȫһ£ûκҲһö
ϸ£һöħͬһöеķ̺Ǳǰûκ
ֽζʲôҲɵ¶һ˿ϲ
ΪȷһʧûԥһöУʼȡ̺ԪһͿԿϵĽתۿɼٶȰһɹԪȻڡʧ
ԪʼƽʱٶȽڡ
ʱһμţ֪УнɫѾѩס漴ʧҡǮϣΪҡǮһ֡
ûħҸԭȵȣûκ̺һԪͬħҵ뷨ȻʵСһͿͷųԸ飬Ը鴢Ժңħ졣
һöҺ󣬾Աȣȷʵûκӿֳһǿҵϲá
Ը飬ֹ屦κ˶е̫࣬жٶ£ܱȻֵø˵飬ؼǣħܹáΪġ
ԸҡԸĳ̶ֳ϶ԣκĵرҪѷɫԺ˵Ч
аԳ
ûгɣħ˳ٴοʼµҡҪҵʱҪĴ֧ŵסгתҪȻһӹӦϣгֶҡڱҪʱ̣ħ飬Ը鶼Ҫóҡ
ʮöħҲǧöҡ

пʼҹҲ˵
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ķˮأѱأҪôдĹҪôر
ˡһ͵գ½Ҫˡ
¶⣬ܣɽϣѾ׼ǰһ飬ǾѵķˮأѱذıأҪûдĹûرԸֱڸӣԼˡ
رر
ĹдĹ
뵽Щ˼ĶҪʼ۾Ź⣬붼룬һֻһħһѾС۾Ĵ̽һᡣ׼λãһӾͲȥ
ھܿ졣
ַ쵽£νս֪ھٵĴĹһ֣֪ûСΣȹ̡ת֮䣬ڵϴһ󶴣˽ȥʧڵϡ
ഫĵĹߡ
ھʱὫڳֱӽĶñ˴濴ĺۼȻֱѹʵȫĽܣõܵӼȶֱõܵøʯڲࡣ
ǵڳڳȴһûлȫΪһּ֣ɣ൱߳Ҫǿ
ԾǴ˵еĸ֡ڳٵĴ򵽵ܣЩô֪ʧˡĳֿ˴еĵض
ڹĹڹսĹָĴĹҵ£ȫû뵽½һ˵ĹĹ̫ˣӦýп߲Ŷԡоʷ׷ˣԭʷÿһĹǲ˼ƷǻۣġܶණǸġ
κδĹмֵʲôƱƷֱǲֵһᣬǰ˵ǻۣ˷ܣѪڵ顣ϧû˶Ϊΰ֮ΰңǼį
һھһ
ܵھʷḶ́ǵĹߣʷĿߡȻڹ֮ڻӦҪӼһԼ

㣬ѾԱˣҪĥ䣬Ͽ콫׼ãھͳҪٲߣò֪ҪòܷشկеĸǿɻڶŶӡרǣͲܴկˡ
̡̣ߣʱ޹ûٲ٣óڳԽ߳ľԽԽִկԽȫ
Ϊ˴կһҪȫ͵ҪЩҲҪ͵ҪʱҿֱӶ÷йǶһʵ֮ǰҪǿĶ࣬޹ҲԲɱһ
ոտʼһ˿ʱڷУһկеԱѾʼߺװ˶ŵ׼뿪̬
ʱѾˣѾŪ֣еģҪͻشկʹ
ư峵Ѿװʳ
һ峵߳
Դˣǽϵʿûгȥ
ԣЩ˾ӡȥӡ
ֻҪνԲɣ˻صǸڵĴկ֣ͻ᳹ģܴկİܡϿɡʱֻҪҪף϶ǵһҵʱ򣬸ۼؾͳ̻ˡ
пܣϣÿһ˶ܰȫķشկ򱣻ǻȥ
ȻֿܣЩկӦġ
ʵϵĲ࣬ЩկбܵĶһּɵ
ֻҪһ˿ܣͲԸ⽫կλñ¶ǰζþζá
Ǳʶ
һ㣬Ҳвְԭ
о仰ڣǼ鼴
һ˿⣬һկ˽ȥ뿪ЩկҲûȫ뿪ǷֱһˣڷУһⷻеı仯ϣܹϹϵ


246 
կȥб弸֣µĴկִ
ЩկԶнִʱҲгж̡Уûб壬ȻǺܶ࣬÷Եú֡
еİգǰϼȦ
կˣǴĸ챦
У󲿷Ҳûңֻܿȴˡ
û˾òϵԱǰ֪Ҫ϶ٱУôһӰԴկ˱ֱǺñɾС
˵ѾдԣֻҪٹһʱ䣬Ͼͻ᳹׽ʱ˽жʱʱ˶ҪּңԼԼ衣͸ǰһûȫԼʵģ׬ȡңûģֻܳͨķˡ
ʱ򣬾ǿʱ
ͬʱҲгͿȡģᷢҡ
˵нĹ涨ʽ˽л֮ǰСÿһնһʲ
ںܶնʼƴգǿ̿һûգҲԽҰɱޣ޵ļֵ൱ߡ
ЩѾʼ۹ѫؾлȡȵȵ伮һмաǿԹ衣

һ򣬾Ȼ˾޴ľΪ֧ܣΪУȹ̳ǽ᲻ɴݣǹȥƿǽķĳǽôʯĳǽҪ̡ľءľľ򣬹治
һӳǰ
¹ӿǰĳ򣬲԰׵¶һĨ֮ɫ˶̵ʱڣչ˹ģǲ˼顣˾̾
ж֮һ˿ǿҵĺ֮ġ
ǽ򡣡
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ˢ
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˭Ҫη̧󻹸Ů
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У
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۹⣬ƷζѾķΧ֮ˡ
ӣһĲ԰ףѵ顣ѵ˼ƷŮ顣еսͶذһλ鹫Ӱ
İտһ۷׷ףŮжڰ¹ӵľѾǸɽֹͶأòݷ
¹ϵƤҲһ鶯
ǿ鹫ӣ鹫ӣǿ飬顣¹ɫЩѿ˵
ԭ鹫ӡЦ˵
飬ǿ飬ԣ飬ǿ顣鹫üֱ˵ԲܱͷԺôȥˡԲС
飬˵ǿ飬ǲҪŮУһŮ˵һ䡣
鹫ֻ￴죬бߣôˣǿ飬ʲôʱ飬ѵҪдϿ˭ܶңӸеį
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ϴϢİգ鹫¶һĨȣô£Ȼ˶Ϊÿһʿٶ񺣾һصΪҽɽ𡣡
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ǺףֱɽϿը൱޴󣬺ǧֵըҩһըҵĺһ죬쳹ɽȡ
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Ҫеķݶʮֻּ̣һ£ҪĵһƬ档
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ڸۡڣԺУͻȻ䷢ıʣͬʱ˳¶֮ɫ˵
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Ȼ߹ȥס޹ģ́֫ۿա˵УûκξŲְ飬·һǿҵĸȾȻòеľɢ
м򣬿ա
𶯺ֹܿͣ·ֻһССನѡ
Ǵɽģ϶ʲô顣пɽüͷɽɲʲô򵥵ĵطһر֮ء
оԲϣر֮ʱֱʡ
ںףغ֮
Ϳɽһһɫ˸ԣǹâǧ֮⣬Ŀ
ɫУȻԿŮ裬컨׹մݣ翣·ضء
Կգũ򣬹Աǧٹ֣ͬ쳾޾
ֿڵѰҳʳļȮݷ·ҲԡɹУʼسɡһԺ䶼һֲֳ˼ķɾ
λãǵغڵѵرҪˣԶɢ󡣡ͫһ¶һ˿֮ɫ
λãȻǵڵλá
طֳֻµµرпܱѾ죬ˡֳ˾˵Ǿ;Բʲô¡
ζţرѶϢڵסѾԲ֮ڵǿ߿۵ףĿáϢڸǲסˡ
˵ɽе飬⸽ѾۿѼūӪʱҲ˽ľֳ˾˵ķ˿϶Ὣ֮ķ˱ϵһ𡣡
΢΢ü˵
ֿܣԲǼٵġ
Ǻεش飬ڷǶôĿ벻ϵһѡֻҪɵܲµرûжܶر޶ԡ


247 Ŀ
رǺεȵ
Է˵ĸ߹ŵĵطǱأңض̺ر˶ر֪ε󣬺εȵ졣
ʵˣֻҪ֪;Բ׷Ź
ֻɽжһǷ֮أƻۣǿƼпģֻеǿߣеǿߡǿޡ
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ǿٶȣͨ˵ʮٱֹ
ԭȾеΪ磬ʵһûС
˭֪Ŷǿߡ
壬塣ޡ
ԭҪȳûᣬչ׳ɳǿ󵽲ηκεˣȥ̽Ѱر飬ڵıʣȴǳ״еļƻ
⣬޴ڡ
κμƻǰǺġ
磬ûж
ô죿
Ҳ¶һĨǡ
ηһɽȣ򣬶һǷ֮ءһãпܱЩǿ߳׵߸򣬾еĸҪԡ
ﶼԳ⣬ΨԲܳ⡣һ⣬ɵӰޱȿµġ
ߣİΣҪ̫ģȫ˭Ҫ£ǶҪϸ˵οлϣ³ʦ򣬸µģԲʲô³
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ڵɲǰӲ˭Ķ󣬾ԭȵĽ֣ϣҲҪúˣӵʵɲʲôصġ
񺣾УǿҲǾӵĶ֣ϸսܶǿ
֪ͨǡ¡
п˵
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Ҳɰڴ֪˭һε
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Ҳ˷ܣûж룬֪ڣԺԻἫΪ硣ûκ˸Сư֡
Ԫħʵ֮ǰоѾҪʹáħܼȡɱȻﷸ࣬ѺЩطǱ


250 绯
ΣֻҪԽ֮ġԹԴڰȫУֻᱻ͸ûκ𣬵ҪԽ֮ģǾʱһҵһ֮䣬ʱп壬ôû֪
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251 ҵ
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252 
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260 
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͹٣ǿջƲˣˡ
Сóһ൱ᣬ󣬿ԿҳУֳһͼζȣɫζȫˮ
һݣΪ̺ĴϵȵܣľʳۿɿڣˣǿջһƲˡ
һݣƽ𵰳õһ޼ҰɽҰϵȵĵףԶַĵɫζȫһݵζϵľܡ
ټһݣãõϵȵףףɣʺ¾ƣҲǿջֺòˡСԼջеƲĽϻͼҲɵĽеʳ
ȻҲ⿺õʳףҲƷһſջĶʳ
ãƲȫҪˣٶȸϲˡ
жȻ˵
ϣ͹Եȡ
С¶ЦݣӲ˲Ȼٻصвȥˡ
ģҪˣȻҵƲˣǲˣɹףҪòӦǮƣϵ·ᱻǹ⡣
кϷˣ֮ǰҲǵƲˣòǮȫ±ǹ⣬һ׿㣬ϳȥû档Ҫ˱ˡڴ
ߣ˵ң㻹һ˭ûڹΨһӾǿ˸ڰΪر֮سԽԽʿ˵϶١
һСĽ̸š
ⲻеĶУȴʱɨӼۡ
ϧΪѾǺڶ۷壬֮ңƺʱԿԽȥǿöĿ̶ȴ˵ǿѹô֮δܱܵÿĶ䡣Щ׾ʹС
аһݡ
ſջľøһ֡
⣬Ǵ˵еĺڵ꣬ȻҪٿһ
ȻˣǾֻбˮڡʲôֶΣʩչһһǡ
ϰ
ϰá
ϰ
ڵϲ˵ʱһ
ֻ֮ǰڶ¥ϰѾ¥һȵˣңѾһɴס׵סɴڵûٸоǿҵķ
һĴк
ֹǷĵġһֱܵľηԿĳϰƿɲǿЦġңԲֻΪϰԵʡ
пҲ
֪ջʲô֮סЩ֮ͽӲ֮ġ
֪Ҫȥηá
ϰǰѯʵʱжһȻаԲ
ȥȥڶãͿϰͣáȻһЦƽ˵
Ŀر֮أſջر֮صľɲԶ˵Ҫתվرĵһվпܾͻջ
˵Ļش˼ս𣬽ſջϰЦЦ˵
ףСȻϰ֪ջƹ˭ܿôһջ壬֪ûҵݼ
Ц˵
ҿջһ˿ģֻϰȱһƹ˭ҪԸȢң˭ǿջƹ񡣡Ŀתһջ
ϰҪƹģǿ϶ӦƼŶԣôֵҡһݣ漴Ϳ˵
ȷʵԽһͲ򵥵Ŀջòֲ˾㤣Ұĵ˵˵ǳ˹֣ħ֣ҲֱȢ˵
ŪƸҪģĶԷһߡ
ȴû˳Ϊƹɲʲôͨ顣϶Եɡ
ҽҲʲô˶Ըޣҵݶû¶񣬿־֮ɫˣҲŻ㡣м˵
ݸе־ˣڵһʱ䱻ų⣬ֻвòе־ˣŻῪѯʡңУҲһ˿ġ
ȻòǼΪڣȴһûеĶʡʣڿջУȻһֺȺĸо˻оɽȴһۿ
ϰôδЩʰɡֻҪϲˣòС¶ѣΪ˴˵谭ûбҪ˲ʵľδԼ̫Ρϸǿǡ
΢󿪿˵
΢΢һЦûм⣬ͻȻ˵ոǰӦûſջĹء˵һ˵
ĳϴɫһ˵


261 ڰ
һջ֮ڣֹ׼ɱκζԹɱ˼棬ڿջڳ֣ҪԵջȥ򣬵ջڣκɱ˭֣ջҸӦĴңκħֻ֣Ҫ˿ջſջĿˡջκοˡ
ڶڿջͣÿ춼ҪӦĴۣǮơǮƲ֧ڿջмͣȥʸʱᱻջȥȵ֧ʱܼջǮƣϵƷһܽջģ֧ȥĿˡ
ջǵ̣䵱۵Ʒһ֧ء
Ц˵ſջڵĹء
ǹأҲǹ
˭ΥһΥȻĺ൱صġһ㣬ӿջһֱڵڣңջڵĿ˶ڽ񹧾мӵ֪
ûбҪòҪΥջĹء
ˣĲˣúܡҪǸı⣬ҡڷŶ˵ţգգ۾Ŀһ֮ɫ
Ҫſֲס
һ̣ջУֻ˶˶
в˰ſˮ
Ž֫һҡһڣ¥ȥıӰջдʿˮ
ûݣǼٵġ
΢΢һݱӰٵݣҲ²⣬ǷݣŪżϣ£ȴһ˿ûУоųɵİգǲǼٵģĳһסġ
һף˴󣬿õܵѹǺεȵľ޴
Ͼ˵۾ϲõªͺǳ˹һȺУܵų⣬񣬾֮ǧ֮⣬˱ᡣ֮Ҳ˵ģԷģѹһŮӣǳܲסġ
֧ģģضǿǿ˾̾ĵز
ҲһλŮӡаԳ
͹٣ľƲѾˡʱСٴ˳ͬʱлһֻֻ̣ס
žžž
СɴĽƲ˷ŵǰ
뿴̺
ִһֻӣʱͿһҫ۵ĹâֱӴŶһ˱Ƕ롣ƺջӹȥ
࣡
Ŀŵʶһĭ
âȻԿǰģһѩĴָСĺҶ׺Ʈ棬ҡҷȻһֻſУƺںҶһŶԣɫϣѾﵽ˾̾ĵز
ʳ﷢⣬⼼գѾʥѷɫȻ֪ζΣǰһ鲻ȥ
аԵͷһ̺ԺĲȸڴ
ٿݻƽ𳴷
СٴνҿڶʳӣһɫĹâٴų
ǹâУһݽɫĳǰ˱ǵÿһϸʼԾͷζ٣ڿٷڳˮѾȲҪƷĳ嶯
һݻƽ𳴷صȣӦøǧ
аԵͷ۵
һݣǽá
Сҿһֻӡ
âУȻԿһɫף˸žӨ⣬ɫޣʳ󿪣ԿܵʳϢڡ
ѾڵʳϸҲԿƶʳջ
û뵽һڵлֶĳգһΪڵУʳпܻЩհ֮ĶڿЩ⡣ףԡ
ӣҪȥƷʳʱһ뵽ڵ꣬оͲһ˿裬ɨӹȥͿڿջеĴ󲿷ֿˣǳԼĿ⣬Ұ֮Ķ˵ջĶ
Ӧм۸̫ԭ
Ҳһ˿衣
Ĳ˵ǧ˸ҩҩˡǾͶ˶Ѽˡ
һֻ۾˲ɺڰɫתתٴοǰʳʱеɫȻһ䡣
ʲôɫζȫʳֱ˷ָĺڰ
֮ǰģǱһѡʳĿȴͷƤĶ
ȿ̺
̺еģƮ棬Ҳģֻǣⲻ֭ͨȫեɵ֭ܿһǻⰡŵϢ֭Ҳʲôƨ̺ˣӲ󣬸ҺȥҪ³
ų൨֭
ٿǻƽ𳴷ɥĲǱ濴ֻƽĳ׷ֿǶ͸һŻƽɫʺһƸһ𣬲ţһʺѾ൱ĶģӲҪ˵˳ȥ
ֻҪˣһǿҵĿ֮ġ
ĽãʲôƨĻףףһûУģ͹ʺɣ⣬ȥͺֲܿҪȥһĶġ
ʲôʳȫһݷݵĺڰ
Ķ
ȴʳ˵ǰ
ڵ꣬Ǻڵ갡ڰʩչ˿һݷɫζȫʳҪǶһۣովЩĪĶȥˡ
Ҳһ˿𶯡
ڰĺڰ˭֪ԵĻʳ
ЩȻܹڵʳϸǿҵĿѵʳ
еŭѹȥٴοЩʳʱҲʼƽƭˣڵʳϸǲܱƭģ֮ǰĿˣҲ϶ԹȴûвȻͬѰƭӾûƭζ
ˣǾδ̫һЩ
Ǵ˵еĺڰҲԿԳƵʳڰʳ֮Իᱻų⣬Ϊǵַʮּˣʳͳɫζȫ׿㿴У£ʳеʳͷŻᱻų⡣
ʳҲҪϣĺڰζϣδػʳѷɫеģѾһ⿵·̽ʳļޡ
ΣƷһҲδɡݺڰѣŲҡͳĺڰ˵ܸҴһջ񡣡
ǰĺڰһĨᶨ֮ɫ
ĵӻûСݺڰԲµĵز
Ʒһ˵ҪѳԣԾˡ
ӣ˷ָ̺Ҩһףܿ滹ѩ׵лܿܵԴλεĵԼ
ЩѾ׼˵ѾֹƷ
ӷŽߣһ֭·ǹ㣬׾ٵľУһǻͷζٰΧ
һɲǼ䣬е۾
ԭдеһ˿ģ˲ʧ׻ΪС


263 ŵ
ʯ̺Ԫң൱ƷԽߵľʯ̺ԪԽӾǶޣ壬Ƕԣʯż棬ܼӿٶȣıǿɳĶ˶Ҫ׳ΪͨĻҡ
нףʮ顣
ʯֲ½ҪھѡЩأþʯΪҵĿ
пɲΪſջһֻҡ
ڵľʯпܳΪͨҡ
͹ٹȻſջȷʵԾʯΪֵġ͹ӦвٵľʯؿԸոʳļ۸񡣡
СЦĸӲá
ʯǺöջճҪʯܸõתôࡣ
ЩˣҪپʯ
ƽѯʵ
ʳɶſջƲˣ⿵ĸǶĴ֮ǰҲˣÿһɫζȫϡʳʳļֵȻˡСЦ˵
ζУɫ棬δؾһ˵Żء
ζĲ˵
Свɰһ˾ǻлԾȵѵĿĻЩıĿʹթ
˲á
ſջڣûʶƿջʳĿ
͹˵ЦˣѾȥˣɲܲˡҪȻҿջҲǰ衣СϵЦѾʧдһ˿
ƭ˿͵ΪǿɲʲôÿջΪĪһңǺڵ겻ɡкʵ
Сۡ
¥ƽ˵
ǣϰ
СĴӦһ󣬵Ʋˣ۸ͬһݾһöʯݾöϰ˵ˣۣʮöʯ븶ˡ
һݺڰҪһöʯ
۸񣬷κεطǶǿۣʮֵףǵҩҩûô󣬶жԣЩʯ㲻ж󣬵ͨʿ˵൱ߣϿδõĳ
൱ĺڡ
ʯûУҿ֧Ⱦʯѷɫ
ЦЦûࡣ
ּ䣬һööӲӵҾôϡ಻٣ʮöϡǰʱһɫĹâ㣬ƵĹ׭ֱӳС
ʲôǮʲôңôûмѵǰĳĻ𡣿ܾ
ӲӵģͽһûƽĻƽҲֵǮܸʯȡ
ܰй۲Ŀ˿󣬶¶棬
ԣңңҼʮ棬Խף̺ԪԶ֮һöܳһġĺܲ˼顣˭Ȼóˡ
ͻȻ䣬˿ڷ
ϳҵҲҵ档
ң̺ԪȻһöʯҪ΢ѷɫҲ࣬ټϻٶȣľ̶ȣ綥Ʒεļֵһö൱öʯֵá
ң
֪ʲôʱѾһöɫҡ澫ͼƣԼֳɫĹâ˷ĵϲ
еһɲǣҲܵһ˿ϲֵطתƷһĻңһ۾ϲˡ
ңܸ̺ܵԪȻȾʯв磬ȴΪףûʲ˵ټϱٶȣֵȫԽʯ
öôȻף˰֮֡ǰϢ˵ѾһֻңңֻһֱûлԼڿȻȾʯҪɫףഫ֮ףŪңĪ֮
һ˫Ŀﲨ˵
ſջ򲢲̫Զ߻ЩѾջҪ֪һЩϢѣջרоӪ鱨еڸһЩмֵ鱨ȻСĵռ
෽棬Ѿķеݡ
⵱ȻбûصĻϡ
ЩǷｻסвûֱӻش𣬶ǿѯʵ
Ȼԡ
Ц˵Ͱķ뾧ʯ֮ĶһΪһһöҿԶһöʯ֪óҡҿñһ
УȻҪĵõңĻȡ
̫٣ûõļֵ
ſջû̫ľʯԺ˲両ֳһͷĵóһѶϢ
ʯȻԳΪõĽ֮Ҫãδؾô򵥣Ѱҿ˵Ҫھ̶ʱڣǿҪȻʱڲܻȡľʯ
ջڵĿˣҲòõֻԱѺֻþʯֵѡûӦʯҲͨ
ǽ񿴵Լóңӣϣȡԭ
ҸӷǮҵϿɣۡ
ԺпתŸͷ漴Цв٣Ҳ޵ģܴܲȡңǾҪǷóĶı
δһֽƹȥӰĻᡣ
϶¥ϸ̸Ρ
Ц˵
룡
йϵӦ
Ⱥ϶¥
Щ˿һ¶֮ɫаӿֳͷ
˵Ľ̸ûˣܶ˶׶̺ѶϢһ㶼򵥡˵ڿջеĻңᱻȡ˵ǽӵлȡҵ;
ɱޣȡҩȵȣѺڿջУǼˣʯûõ١гңǾܻȡΪꡣ壬̫شˡ
ջ챦
ʵ̺׵ı⡣ֽûи֮ʮ졣
˳¥ݣ˶¥
һϣ໥
ſջȻǿջͬӪ鱨ǰûв²⣬ֻΪ˸ر֮ض˲ޱ֮ءֻڷ֮Բ֮ڵѶϢ˵ſջָƣһͼ治ȫǰر֮ص·ߣעǿ޵Ļ򣬰յͼʾֻҪȥǿޣ˳ĵִر֮ء
գգ۾Ц˵
ſջ鱨ռֶʮǿڷַʱѾڻݵͼռ鱨ͼļֵԷͬСɡ
ͼȻ˵ûֵ̫ĶҪǰȥƾʵȫԵִĿĵء
ҡͷܾ
ͼȻ󣬿ȴǱزȱġ


264 
ɲΪԼر֮ضˣҪʲôͼȻͼֵǰر֮أǱעĸ޷ֲͼЩԴС
ܾĺκԥ
һĨɫûͼ飬Ȼ㲻ҪͼֻñˡһκʵƷ֪ûȤ
˵˵к˵
ͼּ䣬óһᡣ
Ǿϸֳص
ͼһɫҲ΢΢һ
žͼǼΪ챦ױ̺С;󣬴;ԼĲ̣֮ƵȵȣһӦȫֻҪõС;һۣŨʮֹκ˵ֵּ޷ġ֪챦оΡ
ЦŽ˵
һ󣬾ƶ֮أΪأӲҪ˵͵ľܽԪת죬Ϊǿ󷨡ֵ޿ɹ
ȻҪó϶˵һ˵ô򵥵ġ
Ҫҡ
ȷʵʮĶͼȥó󣬶ʵᷢ޴ٶȻᱩǣϰյΪɳӿ졣ʵĽݾһǿ̡
㿴⸱ͼֵ١ֱۡӽ˻
ȻҲ֪˭ۣ˭·磬ּۻ۵ķΧԽСõԽ١
ȷʵֵʮ־޴󣬲ҵҲǴ紵ġοֻͼҪó󷨣ҪĵرרŵҲܸ̫ߵļ۸öҡ
΢󣬿˵
ԺɣԲֻһݣڽп϶ӡͼڸԼףпת۾͸˽׳ͬͼ£ոöļ۸⻹ǿһԭͼ챦
ҪȻ۸
ҡҡͷ۸̫ˣҪ֪󷨿ǼΪģһóܸһڷɣ滹ͼһڼۣʮöҡ
УĽ۸۵ĲΡڼ۸񣬺á
ȷʵͼвֹһݣڵõѾӡٷݣݶһģֻҪлᣬˣⲢӰͼļֵ
֪ʶļֵޱġ
ܣܸһǧöҪ죬ҪķѴϡϣԸ飬ֵʯһıҶóԿжûгռÿһöΪ󣬾ļֵûôߡ
жȻܾ
öˡԽ粼ãĺôԽ֪ʶ޼۵ġ΢΢üٴ˵
ٴοʼǹս
۸ڲϱ仯
գ΢΢ü£˵öǶһöҶҪˣεĽ׾աĲԸΪⶫ໨һöҡȻֵȷʵܸߣȴǹ±δûлŪ
ɽⱾͼˣϸ֤һ¡
¶һ˿Ц⣬ֱӵͷӦ
ǾУ漴ڵѾһʱ佫ԺУҲ챦ӡرͲһͼĲ֮ʮ޲ȱ
õѶϢ󣬺ԥսУһ˿֤û
񿴵һ˿ɫ

ּ䣬һööҲϵĳ֣ϡѻ͸һɫСɽһ಻٣öң˸ŽɫĹԣ۾Ҫӳɽɫ
۾Ҳӳ˽ɫ
СǮǮ޷ܡ
ͬһû㣬һ£öҾôʧȻУҲſռ䱦ܹƷ
ʱ䣬ҵ죬пһ㶼ûֹͣħ죬ǾԸҲ죬ԭȾеġȫҡ
ϷҲдͨ
ϱʿģеֻ࣬дʮöҡһóöѾ˽ǣҡǮڿǻûյ㹻ԪɱɽɫջһĽǮʡʹòС
׵ѹȻˬ졣ﻹһȤ
¶Ȥ֮ɫҪٽȡҡǮԽ࣬ջתͻ˳ǺöȻҪȡࡣ
ʲô
¶֮ɫѯʵ
㿴֪صЦЦһ֣óһƷڷǰ
̨
ɫһ䣬˵
ȻԿóģһ̨
̨һƽ̨ѣȴˣ̨ϣһڵĴڡϣֳֹصħƣճĵϡڿǺĶڣһ޵ԨĿ¸оʱʱ䡣
һ𣬾ħڣңⲻͨʦʦħڣ챦ħƻȻɣɱɳľ޴ǱֻҪɳǴܶᱻһںɱκսأԱǿԻء
Ц˵
ⲻǺħڣ챦ֵһ
ķû˻ӵе̫ࡣ
֪ϰ׼Ҫҡһ˵
˶ˣ֪ħڵļֵֵ֮ߣͿеĵλΡħмǿǱʱֻǻƽ챦ҪҪķѺԴ˵ЩԺŻɱġ
ǱչǱܵյļֵ
ħڣҲҪ̫࣬ʮöҡûѣֱӿ˵
̫ˣҲ˵黰ħȻ챦챦Ҳ޼۵ģǱֻǸμֵҲΪһ챦͸ôһҡ
лȻûмȥĴ㡣
ħȻ󣬿ͬӵħֵǱħѷɫ١Ȼȴǲȱٵġ
񿴵ЦЦûֹ
֣ȥ֮ǰöңѾ㹻ֿ֧ջת
رƻۣ֪ж˼ǰջ
¶һĨζɫ
пջôˣеŵСϾϲˡ
лصһ¥һӰ˽һ䵶Ƿϴһ˶ĴС
һɨܣһɣڴȻȣȴһλʹһ
ףڿջС


265 
һС
ջе˶ɵİ̾һ
ƣ൱ףʮֱ뺷
Ҳɰ̾ȷʵǸúУſھͽҪȾƳĴлǺر𡣺ΣһСϻɷ˵ãеѪȾĿɲ١
˭Уֻв񺣾أصΪʵʱӵ˲׵ΪԭȵӦò򵥡Ǵĸں϶ǿߡ
аԳ
кȾƳģҪв֪ж٣Ҫһ۾ܲ²Ǿδ̫˭Ҫϸٿ
ϣ͹٣
Сǰ˲ӣ˵֪͹ҪЩʲôƲˡ
ʲôþƺòˣҶˣҪˣţ⣬ʮţ⡣д˵ǰɨܡ
ϣ͹ԵȣƲϾ
СӦԺ
ܿ˿Ҳٴ¶ʱı顣
ʱСٴγ֡
̣棬һֻӣһֻһֻ̳
͹٣ҪţƣϵȵŮ죬ţõţϵⰾƶɣƷС򵥵Ľһº󣬴ӣâתһʳֻϵȵʳԪ˵
ţ⡣
п۾ɵĻԲϴϲһȡ
ᷢţ⣬⻹һϵʳߵܡ
ЩţѾȫгƬһһģֻҪÿһУܼۿɿڡʳ
Ȼζأɫζȫζ±ȫ͸ȥζң˵ľнǲ˼顣ԹţʤûгԹ˶صţ⡣ԺҪǳԲúôҲţͳ
пȴһ鶯
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266 ٺ

Сַʮִ죬Ȼֹǹһˣ·˲ͱ
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ǰر֮صĵ·ϣͻȻĹ顣ɲж뷨ͷ
в۵Ķðҡ³۾һɣ³Ц˵ú֪ʲôҪȻҪ֪ɡ
֪ð䣬Ҳûа취֪ԷҪȥҡʲô֪Ҫ͸ѡ
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267 ɱ
׼ȥر֮أǼرеȿѯʵ
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268 Ϻӳ

ǾУƺܿһֲѹǬء
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ΪʳϸƷʳͬʱҲʳ̺ľƬ뵽ѪСЩͨǿ֡
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ǰһκͿڲԶȻһʿۼֻǣ˴˼䣬໥䱸վλö໥һľ롣
ҲȺġֻ١
Ůеʿǧٹ֡
еĵøʿ׷׽Ŀתƹɨһۺ󣬾ͽĿƿǰ档Ȼ̫⣬Ҳ˵ǵעѾ
ʲô
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ǰֵһ޴Ķڡ
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ԭӦòڣֻͻȻݣγڡٲˮŶеȥǣжٵˮȥûõضˮļ𡣺ⶴ޵׶
ɲǣڶУзУһ˿˿ЦСŮӡУжɵİԷëһӺ⡣
Ҳôǰֹǰԭ
Цʮˡ
еǣĪЦ
ЦǾҪɱ㡣ס


269 ˿
ޣ㻹һЦǾǾһ
ⶴг˵ĹЦǲǹѾһ˿η֮ġ
ֻҪ˶δ֪һֿ־塣
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274 
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ħֱײѪϣŷһƬ貵Ľ⣬ѪڽУͺǱһĲҽѪⲻɢ󵹷ɳȥϵѪüΪƺʱҪļ󡣽ɫĹâƻ
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ѪϵѪ񣬾ȻӲ飬ΪһϸСƬһöѹסЩѪ
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275 Ĺ
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꣬꽨ϣꡣǧʿʮ򹤽ĵر꣬еƳɵȻ򣬵ʱѾʼ࣬޷Ʒɵ֮¡
طĹˮΪ¯ĹΪ¯Ϊ̼Ʒɵ֮գسɡ᲻ü檣һĹһĹȮ֮Ҫ֮գȮ졣
ΪֹĹϢй¶Ĺлرܡĸͷ̨ʮ򹤽Ϥնɱն׶ͷ˿ӡѣĹУ֪ĹѾʱ޶࣬ʯˡ


276 
ʯϣ̵Ĺ׭֣׽¶˭Ĺ
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У֮ǰķǲǷɵɹرľǷɵ챦
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·϶ʬą̇̄Ҫǰѻǹףתǹ٣¯ɵ֤;
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һҲͨĵ··ǻ棬ðֲĻ档ʿҲʯͷĵ·һӹȥð棬ҵ¶ȣվڸƺͷҪȼ
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ÿһ·вͬԡûһ״ȥġЩÿһʿɵĵΪ֮ʧˣ˭׵߽׵У̤һС
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ȻǻĹҪȥȻô򵥵ġô׼ѡһ·˭֪·ľͷʲôѡһԡҶ֪ת۾ѯʵ
ҪȥȻһȥҲ֪ʲôѡһûиΨһҪιȥһӾаա
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Ŀžÿһ򵥣ûоԵǿֻԵֵŶѡ
ҵҲȵãѡɣɽһ˾ǡкԥİڰ˵ѡûԣȨС
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һ¶һĨᶨ֮ɫȻѡһ
Ҳ˵һ
ֻҪ̤ȥǾǧĿ»档
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ѡҶ֪ЩˡΪлѡһȽɵģû뵽һѡһͺֲܿĵ·
ôоԼе㱻ˡ
ǲٿһ¡
ҲЩˡ
࣬ؼ󲿷ֵһԱеη塣ʶҪá
һη壬ʵĵ·û̫𣬼ȻҪѡǲѡ˷־塣ֻҪܶɹԺҲ־壬Ժ׽٣вС档
вûиı⣬˵


277 ͨ
Ҷ֪뻨˵ɫá
Ƭ̼ͱһ˿ᶨȡ
ֵ˵ĶԣбУҪڿ׵ͱãη壬ԺԸܲ˵׽ʱʱûԣƾ֡ɲСһᣬշҧ˵
һϣͲɱҶ֪
Ҷ֪Ҳҧͷͬ
֪ɽлƫɽУ
Ҫһִ
һɲǣҶ֪Ըо鶼峺ԭȺлҳ棬ȴɨһָ֡оʮֵ궼ڷϲ֮ԭһЩ޷ĶһȴûȻʣִϲĸо
ΪƺҪͻɱ䡣
߰ɣǽȥ
Цŵͷһ͸ֻҪԺ϶ܳΪǿߡ
žણ
һֱĳ߹ȥ˵ں
Ųϵһɲǣµĵ·Уһ׹ƥ˸Ϊ磬ϯžһ
˭Ȼ
üһȻһߡɲǿЦġǳؼµ֮һ
֪ǰģ֮Уովһ־ͽһЫսʿ飬ѪʱȻʩչڰɫЩ׾ͽѪѹɱֶʮǿһսǿĻѹֱָ
ϳеݣвɷ̾
֮ǰֻǼɱѣгʱչ¶ս˰ԲĿӡԺСܱӡ
ðԵ׵硣
̤ȥʱ׵ϣУҲɵһ϶׵ֱڣѪзƻĹ̡
Щ׵ϣɵƻ񺣾ʿȫƻ侪ˡûа취ĥָоޱʹࡣ˲ͻᱻش
֮ǰϾܵ׽ٻҪǿ󣬲ȱеһ˿߿νǲಮ١ںܶʿԣĹġ
㲻һƤ

Щ׵ڣѪеͬʱڶڣʹݳһǿĽ׵糤ˮϯȥûڶУеɫǿɽȥûУʧһ˿ûУͺ޵׶һ
ܶ˶׵䵽Ϻ׵͹ʧˡ
УվϣȻһ˶ûС
ո䵽ϵ磬ֻǻþѡ
ڶͨھȻֱ׵֮ѵǽ׵統ͨôиоҲɵİԲ졣
Լоƺһ趯ǣ׵硣
ңǵ׵类ɣɫиֳķԽԽ࣬Լ䣬ͨٶȼӿһ˿
׵̺컯ѵ׵֮ͨܲ档
ǲǣֻҪ׵֮㹻ȫд衣Ժпֳͷ֯һ
ûκη塣
̤棬һ׵粻Ϻϡ׵ӽµĵ·ϱ󲿷ǴֱӺͷϡ
ʲôͨҵ׵綼ȥûиҶ֪Ҳ̤ϡ
ӽ±ĵ⣬ֱ˳˫ڣʵʵģܲڲȫëԴһ±ɨͷͷ磬ոտ·ܵʲôһͻȻڰй䣬кȥ
ֻҪӦԽµĵ⣬ɱǵص֪Ҫ϶١Ϯڵ׵磬Ҳƾֵ⸡ֳһ׵֮ĳɱ赲⣬ϣȫԳܵס
ȻҸоͷҪˡǿ󡣲֧ŵס
Ҳ˵
ĵǿ
ͬʱеĿҲʮֹ죬ֵܵסǰ;нϵߣϣȻûбش͸޵׶һֻҪ׵ϣʧ
ֻ棬ʵ̫ˡ
·ǳԡУһһ
߼䣬棡
ÿ죬ȻΪ֣ܸоֻҪ׵֮㹻˵һ̾ܽͨ
һǰ̤ȥ
棬һ㱦⡣
ڶΪһĹ䵽ϣͻᱻķ飬һ򷨣׵磬ܶƻ٣ڶ̽ȥ
ÿһܸоɫ̺ͨԴһ֣øǿ
ֱԴӣǺġ
һԣԴԽǿͨԽӵǿԵǱҲӾ޴
ôܡ
ѹ֣ѹܹ½Ͻ򣬺ܶڶֻǴկѾΪˡȻһжֻѡ
֪ղˣιҪҪҸطʱͺܲкܶ˵зչ
ʿǰĿɿڴ
иֳͷ
ѾԴ㣬뿪ĹֻҪܻһҪȥһߣǶһûзչһ㣬жǿʵһ
Ⱥ
Ͷǿȶܵεġ
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һУвǰȥ
ڶУԴԴϵϯöг׷
ɫľϣصķ˸Դڷ׳Լ䣬һͷĸ޴ޱȵѹļصѪѶϢۡ
Ѫڷ
Ȼ䣬·ǺڶͨѾﵽް㡣ɫľ͵ų޾⣬ѣͺһöһȻ顣
˲䣬ܿڣصķѾһķʽһ𡣻Ϊһöɫӡӡ۳Ӱƺ̫Žؼ䡣öӡһγɵɫƬ׷׳Źӡлȥ
öӡʵһ㡣ɢϵϢ
бת
ڹӡ£ȻصĹ׭
ͨӡ
ɲǼ䣬ЩѶϢѾԺУ֪ܵͨء
Ѫ֮Ϊ̣Ͻ󹦡ϺӳΪ֣ȻӡܸͨоӡеǿΰֻҪһѹһУһӡѹѷ˵У󣬱ѹ̫ޡѹ
ӿֳ޾ϲͨ˲һսٴη޴ɱ䡣


278 
öӡɲֻΪһöӡ𹥻
Թӡ̬ǿĹֶΡʩչһֵͨӡͨеһ֣ӡϾѹΰҲнأͨǽ֮ΪڶѹöӡԽΪ
̺ǽѹһеĿֲ
ӵбĿֲܶбͨոǱԴۺޱȣֻһһָбΪ
ڵǾ
һʩչӡӡбʮң⻹Ҫ֮ͬᷭǡƻǾ൱¡
ʮǶʮĿֲһֻһɽ嶼ᱻѹƬΪ촷ۡ
Ѿǳ׳Խ񺣾ε
ǣӡΪʱƣɱɳ
ӡͨںڶ֮УڶͺϣӡͨʢѪԴԴϵĴӡӡϱǡֳɳǱģǿǿͺڣӡϣԿһöϸСǳ˸öǳ·ͨıԴ֮һ㡣ɢϲãϢ
ӡһöǳӡķȾһ¾ܱɶʮĿֲ
ɱ䣬ֻҪıԴԽǿٶȾԽ졣
ͨǻǿϱǿԶͨ
ҲʵйأͨѪԪɱ䡣УȻʵԽǿɱٶȾԽ졣
ðӡͨԳΪҵһŵƣֻҪûչ¶û˭֪ľʲôͨһӡѹȥ
аԴϲ
ĵƣԣԽԽáڲض¶һչ¶ʱͿ𵽶ǬŤתһеá
ԴӳΪ֮ΪӵƵ飬ǲġԽǲ¶ԽܸһָĪ⣬еɵ
Ƕ֣Ҳ֪Լĵơ
ֻеƹǿУϷչ׳ֻе֣Ųᱻԡһ㣬κζҪҪ
ͨɣӦûԼ֮˵ӡһɱ䡣
аһ˿ͷ
Ҫϴȥѣٶһֱ죬Ҫ֮øǿ
ףΪʲôҸо׵ѺͻȻֱǿˣʲô仯ЩͬˡҶ֪ʶĿһۣ֪Ϊʲôһۣ񿴵ΡĸɽԽ
ָо֮ǰûеġ
ֱǿˣǲ˼飬ֵܻĲǳˡǧ£ŲͥϢøǿһֱҪɱ壬ޣҪȡһ֮أֵܿԸһƬϮ
пеıӰаֳһͷ
Ȼһ㣬ĳԽ󲿷ˡ
֪˽ܻڽկѾǿʼӰ츽ĴկկһͬǿأǳԽ󲿷ˡ
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һ·ǰУһ·
̤̤һµɽƽ̨ʱ
ڶеǿӡȻųһŨĽ⣬ɫϻۣ۳һöɫǳڹӡϡ
ԭȵǳ໥ԣų貵⡣
һΣӡԴﵽ˲䱬ʮĿֲ
ʵٴδ
ΣҲѾߵľͷ
̤˲䣬Ҷ֪Ѿʶ³һڳ¶֮̾ɫ
߳ˣôȥҸоһë³׻ΪҽҿɲɺУǵʿҪǱɺУǰҪץȥơ
Ҷ֪оԼͷѾսζ
ڵĴ롣ܵˡһ뿪Ҫ̱ڵϡо屻Ϳա
ÿµҪǴ󲿷ֵֵȥֻǸ߲ͻ档Ҳͷ˵
֪ƾԼʵǲܴ߳ġ
ʲôط
̧ͷǰһ޴ĹѾƽ̨֮ϡ
ø졣
ɢµϢ
ԲȻʹеĹѷɫ١ķѵԴ϶ʮ־޴ԹĲΡ
֪ĹģɲС϶һЩܵõǾһδջ񡣡Ҷ֪¶ڴ֮ɫ
ĹУֱӵĿľҪõ챦Ϊʵ
쿴ЩЫѾƽ̨߽ˡѡĺǶɨһۣͿЩЫҲ˳ִ档ھ⡣
ЩЫ֪һٳɣȻѡ
·ϣ綾жϯϣ˲ܸʴѪ⣬ʮְԵײУԿϣûһʿ̤ȥ
Ծ綾еη岻Ҫѷɫ
Ыȴԥѡ
̤ڶϣһЫ⣬׷׸ֳһڵڵĶ꣬ǲϣ͵ĹЩЫ˱ƿϣս׶ڸʴЩЫ˶ھ綾ķԳѰ
ԡڶУܿǰߡ
ֻʵ΢ģ긯ʴҽΪһ̯ڵĶˮ
ڶµЫࡣ
ûģ϶ֳһ˿ɫ
Ծ綾пԣŲ¾綾ԴԴϵĶϯľ綾֮ͬһЫ˿ʼж
Ыӱ嶾֮һЫβ̺綾ھ綾ǿȻʧ϶һ󲿷ЫִܵĹѡʮǡ
пĿһ˵
Ыˣ쿴ôһˣ壬ʯͷ壬ֻв߰׸ߡСɽһߵǻ·Ͽǳǿ
Ҷ֪ͻȻɴ۾һ·
ֻһ޴󣬻ɢʯͷʯ˿һ޴ʯͷӣôҡڵ߽ϣǿʯ˲û̫Ӱ죬ɴǰ̤ȥ
һļǿ󣬶ޱȿֲġ
̤ڵϣ淢һƵĺ
޷ڵжôľˡ
ĹĿɲֻ壬ҲֻЫˣµǿߡ


279 ɽ
ߣǽѾ綼нĻᣬڻǿҵʲôнĿ˻ϵĳ̤ȥ
Ѿɹˣھջʱ̡
ǰڴ֪õʲô
ҪǰȥѰҶ֪ʱͱþһƬܡ̱ڵϵһ¾ɵվ
ôĹǰĻʵ۾סĹҲˡ
Ҳͷǰһ̾
ϲûнơ
һȴǰ
ʮֳء
ԸµǰҲ£Ŷɬһƿƿ󣬳ǰģһƬ޴Ŀռ䣬ҰܿһǰһϣȻһ
Ȼղ鼮žĵطһؾǷˡô֪ղŶٵ伮ţȻǧʿΪо֮ռֵҵ伮ҵ伮Ĺ϶Ҳռķˮ顣Щֱ޼֮
Ҷ֪̽ͷȥǰĻ棬вֳǿҵ˷ܣŴԺ£
ؼǣѰǳǳ֮ռĵ伮У϶󲿷ֶ漰ЩĵҹžǰټҾ䡣ЩǰʲôȴǴУ伮󣬾޷ģκһǻ۵Ľᾧ
Զ鼮
֣Ҫỵ̵̈ī֭Ⱦּľ֡һԣֻҪ򲻻֣ó档һƪпҪõһ
ԣڹŴݱвѧáѧ峵ݡ
峵鼮˵ľ
Ȼﲻ򡣻дƤ䵱ֽţ¼֣鼮һ㣬ڵʱҲĴֱʡķѵԴ
˾̾ĵز
ô飬ǻռ˶ٹżѹִ˵ţɡԼסķݶŷˣ棬µĶʮϡ٣֪ǰռĸ챦ΪʲôʧΪǷˣڿӦǴĹС
Ҳ̾˵
鼮֪ʶһַĵľءܶ˽鼮ıҪҪʱҪ飬Ҫȥȥ͵ŻѪԼ¼ŵ֮
һ缢ƿʵıŶϼ꣬˯ҪڻС
ʳΪ
Щ鼮֪ʶʵ̫ˡ
ܴס
ôһ鼮ȫǰ𺳸Уʵ̫ǿˡ
ãıأ޼֮
пҲһȡ
Ӵĵ伮ʵ̫˼ˡ
ĵ伮ǻռԻʱĵλʵռĿ϶Ǵսʱڵĵ伮ĵ伮ںѾʧʧʷС
ǹ˵ǻ۽ᾧ
Ǵʱڣټʱײǻۻ𻨣Եֵʷǧķչ̡ʱĵ伮е֪ʶ޼֮
ʱīңԷɵĻսɱĻޡǿĻسǡũõ׳ʱø̡ҽҿһۿڵļ˿֢Ǵ˵
˳ᢣʤǧ
ѧ˵ּգչǧΪ֮̾оĵز
Щ֪ʶпܾʹС
ЩͷԺУУҲƣɵ뷨
ȫߣȫŽؾУһ޼֮Ѿ޷üֵýǮֻҪܷŽؾУ֪ʶУؽøۺ񣬲ؾ֮鴫ϵķչ档
һͷ˲Ժ˸ѿ޷ĥ
Щȿκ챦Ҫ˷ӡ
īһذʡīҵĵ伮ﾹȻҲС
Ҷ֪ǰֱӴһһֱֻӳС
ʼǡũҵĵ伮ףʲôףѵĳĵףǰôû˵֪ͨϢˡ
Ҳһֻ
ҩ
Ҳһһҩ¼ĶǸֲҩҩĹЧ;αϣβժȵȶ
Щǰµǻ۽ᾧľ¼ûʲôɼֵȴͬ൱ˡ
һıʼǡ
һƤ¼ĵ伮ǰĵһʦĸ⣬иֵҩĵ൱ġ
һֵҩҪͣǾǧٴε飬һδεʧмȡ飬մġֵǧ𲻻ġӲҪ˵滹̺ĸ־飬ע⡣̶ȸһ㡣
󴫡ӡЩﾹȻС
Ҷ֪𼸲¶֮̾ɫ˵
Ĳ鼫ΪḻԵʱݵλҪռЩ鼮£ο󺺻ʼҲ⣬ղص鼮ݣֻҪòԭҲܵõֳôḻҲʲô顣
һѾҪ鼮ȫߣȫŽؾСΪв飬̶Ϸḻĵ̡
Ĳ˵ֻҪϢȥǿ϶˵Ȥ˲ϣơ
Ĳʵ̫ḻˡ
ΪҲ͵ô
ʱֻУһ۵İ׷ͻȻһܺ˳лһ򡣿ˣһһ䣬ƽ˵
ǻУȴݳһ
ſڼ䣬Ȼ
˲ԾһӵĴϣͱѹһͷодΪ֮һ졣

Ȼϯ˲ĸܵεѹ
Ҷ֪뻨ʶĸоһһ죬ֱǰ߶Щңоƺֻ͵ʱ˻ξͲ˵ˡ
жһ
ڣûа취Ӱ쵽һϣͱڱһֱơΪС
óȻ
Բ
þĺȻøΪǰΪˡ
һԼоǰ׷ߣһǿʿʲôȴѹ⣬ƾ֪֪ڵϢ󺣣ɲ⡣ڵĺȻͬСɡȻʲô򵥵Ĵڡ
ɳΪɽˡ
׷ɨһУڷвûܵӰʱҲ¶һĨƽ˵ǡǴ㶯Ĳ顣


280 ̫̰
ɽ˵ʱѾԵ൱
ƣҶ֪ͻжϢܺĸо̲סҪ˱ܣ뿪ûվ
׼ǰȡġ
ȴûб仯ɫƽſںε˵
ΪĲ飬Ǳأһ㣬ˣҲûбҪڡɽ峺󺣰ҪǰѣԲһ׵顣
壬ѡֱ˵
ɽһĨ漴ʧƽ˵ܺã㲢ûѣΪҿУѡ飬ߡһܴߡ˵棬ĿҶ֪뻨ϡ
һˣҪиҵ
ϵûУǾͲõࡣ
ⲻֻһֱĵĿ顣ԼĵûУôʵصĸ߷塣Ϊǿߡ
Ҷ֪ͻɫһ䣬Ժͬɽ麣Х㣬Ϸ˼ڲײ
飿
ȴ΢΢ҡͷҺ̰ģейżȫҪ֪ûа취ҴеĹżЩ飬Ƕ͵һ¡Ӧóȥ츣࣬Ϊ巢չӦеá
УԼҪõе伮ͷ
̰ģЩż̰Ρ
Щ鼮δʵ̫ˣѾҪйżߵͷһɹؾĿԱ½УĲؾ֮һ
ջʵ̫ˡ
֪жٲż
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̺ĸֵ伮ʮ־ˣո˵ģҲֻһ֡棬ŵʱռһе伮
Щ伮½ںϵĹУı䣬Ѿʺ½Ĺ伮ȫǰĹڶɱ䡣
ǰĲоڶмֵ
ѡһһִԵоȻ̰Ҫȫߣֱ̫̰ˡ
̰ģ
жѾЩϲ
̰ģŻõչ
к˵Ҫ󺣣գԣ㻯Ϊհ裬ΪҪϷɣԣ³ϷеĻϣޣﲫɱԹȻݱ䣬йΪʿɴ˵õɱ䡣ԽǮٽҵչҪԵĸáͻҪ߲ˣ֡
˼ǣ̰ûдûд̰ԣУ磬򶼽Ҳһ
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˱ֳ̰֧ĻʲôġǾǿֲģǽ˼
Ҳ˵̰Ҫͷų֮ˣΪѾʩһ
ҡҡͷ£Ϊ˱κ֮ǰῼǷΥеĵ±׼޵֮ˣħе֮ˣż֧䣬Ҳʿɶֹк֣ܶҪʲôĿʲôõȻҪõҪ¼
ۣ˼˵ҪռйżǺõġɽ΢΢ü
ҵԱûкôֻ̰ܿҵ򣬶ƿµʮ˿˵ȴǴϲ¡ֱܴӵĸı䡣ҳɳ죬øǿٶȽ졣ܹӸࡣҶԡͷųΡ
һĨᶨ֮ɫ

ҵְ𣬵ʹػЩ鼮ҪǽЩżȫߣҲûдڵıҪǴҪҵҪõЩżֻһ취ǾǴңɱҡҪȻ͸ҳȥ
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Ǿ˵
һĨս⣬Ȼ˵
һ䣬ԥǰֱ̤һ
һڴĵϣ涼Ϊ֮һҲƺ涼Ҫ̤һѷ졣һƳɽ˴ȥһƣܿнתѪͬһײݳɽѹϢ
һƴȥһŲᱻķѡ
˻ǲѺáﶯ֣ɱЩĹżɽ˿΢΢üһ֣ʱͿе鼮׵һʧ֮ǰģͺĭһȫڡ
Ȼ˵֮ǰôоŵݶЩģ塣ӦòʵġпԺ˲ֳһͷеĶ˿ûͣ٣ɿ񱩵ĳɽ˴ȥ
粻飡
ɽ΢΢ҡͷ³ĸ֡
ˢ
Żһ䣬ʱͿһǹɽ촽бһѩ׵Ĺǹһ֣ͺһķìһ㣬ǿĺȻֱӳĹƶȥҪֱ֣Ӷ̳һ
ϡǹ
ɫǹǴǹͨΪԽǿƻԽǿעĺȻԽǿԽ󡣴˿̣ڳǹϣ̺ӴĺȻ
ǹķâ·ܴա
ռ䡣
ɢķâҶ֪ͻվԱߣоӼϴݳһִʹ߶ס˲ͻһ
䣡
봽ǹһ
кãƾôʵʵĴڴǹǹϣƱǹȫĻ沢ûг֡һɰѪбڴǹϡ
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ħЫЦſУһȡɢһƵϢ
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ҲĶУͳ˻ȻѾԵüΪĲͷ
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б˵Ϊнų⡣ڵ£˭رкռ֮ġеԭ˭ûа취ȥĻǲĺͷͬһˡ
Ҫڵеġ
챦ȷʵõһ챦֮ġ⣬͸ǰ߼챦һرԴġǼ֮ģȷʵò
г˵иֳһ˿
ȴûκ
ȻõˣôòˣôħЫЦʵ
ĿҲ¶֮ɫ
֮ģѾ뵽УٷȻҲѾòˡǼ챦Ѿɱһ֣Ҫó
ƽ˵
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ͭЩŵ˵
Ƕ챦ҪԲô׵顣бȵ̨Ҳûеôʱھͳ
ǲóǾֱ˵˵Щһ۾ܿĻѻħЫԲŵ˵
˿ͽһ챦һ㣬ǾԲŵġ
ǲҲûа취֮ȷʵѾ뵽ĳı֮СһȻһ䣬ֻѾУСصıɢһ˿˿ı⡣һ֪ԲǷ
˵ţ۵ȴŲһɫĿ⿴е߼챦һ˿Īζ
Լ䣬֮ĵϢͷųһ˿

һ˿¶ʱе߼챦ͬʱųӼҵ⣬ݳһǣñ𶯣һ
Ȼ챦ϢǼ֮ľȻıСģ˭ǼȻܴӱϴݳϵȷʵûƭǡ֮ıС
һһڣôû뵽ᷢ顣
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һȻĪرʲôⲻǿЦȫڿ˰
֮Ѿڣԭȵ챦ȫ뵽УҲûа취·롣ҡҡͷ˵
ıϵ߼챦ܲϵ϶˵ܹԭȵ֮ģһƿơıȥ
ħЫٴ
Ѿ֮ģȥҪʲôô죬ҵıοҪȥʲô仯챦ô졣һ㣬˭ûа취֤
жȻܾ
һԲ״Ӧı顣
κʿ˵ǺģǶþѪԪ룬һһپ١˭׽ԼıŵλõΣյСҪԭȵ֮ĻûʲôѾˣ˭֪ᷢʲô顣
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˵
ʲôҶˣֻҪһ˿ƿƣȥԡħЫҲ˵
ԴˣͷʾӦ
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ѩ벽ƶǵͷʾӦ
ʯҲĬȻҲûзԵ
ûзԣǾĬϡ
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бзһߣ¶һ˿
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ֳһֲɫǲԸĽɿ漴һǿ£ڰСЩ챦һų貵⡣ƺڱ˴
ųøŨ財
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ͻȻ䣬Կ߼챦ʼΧźתţ׵ľͿеĴ֮ĻΪһ⣬ֱӳ
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еıʣ̨ϵλǿߣɫһ䣬Ҫ֪Լһ챦Ҫˣʧɾ̫ˡ
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˭֪һ龿Ǳ

һ𣬻Ȼϳһڡرءٴοٳһڿռ䡣һΣֵһƬޱȣĴռ䡣
ãԽԽá
пҲ¶֮ɫҲһϲҪεĻᣬ׽챦һɣıСϢĽ챦ȫ̵
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ٲȻƺ̨Ѿ϶ǰ˼챦ں֮
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һײʱͷһ޴ĺ
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˸
ãȻںϣôʧһ챦ֻҪƿƣõرһжֵõġ˶챦ɵеʹߣŭѡ
ڷ֣ںϺ󣬱ȻֱƬʱʱдϲһǿҵڴ
ررƷΪʧһ챦ҲǿԽܵġ


290 Ʊ
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ǰ·𳹵ױڰɫĹâǣʲô塣
Щ˵ȴ⡣

۱ԴϤ֮˿ûκӰ죬ƿһɲǣͿȻֳ챦ȫ˸ı⣬ǧ֮ڡ
ڷ붼룬һ䣬ڱѾݳһε˲ͽһرսС
һУ֮ڰ׹âľ£УûܵϢЩ˵ʵ򲻹գ֮顣
ڰ̨ϵģǿߡ
Ǻڰ׹âȻ̼۾һʱ俴Ҳ˲Ϣͻָ̣һ붼ûСͿѾƿס˵ıݣͬڰ̨ʧ
ررһɫıʲôҲ¶Ķ̲סһ
Ǳɢʮ־ˣܿǧǷҴûпı񣬴˵еĺǱеļƷһ鱦ҲԲȺѷɫ졣ررⱦϣȻе̡ƺһ
Ҷֻ֪۾Ҫɳ
濴ʲô
ǿɫıУƺһһֱַּ˲á˵顣
Ʊ񡣡
ħЫзһȡ챦һͲǷжʱ󶯡
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Ŀõ֮иֳƱжһȣһرɢо֮ǰõ챦֪Ҫٱ˵Ʊǫ̈̄ľ⴦ˮе컯֮
ˢ
ȴڵһʱ佫ֱջڣΪһ⣬ٳƿա
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ħЫĿҪջȥľٶĶˣ¶Թֽ趯ٶȷɿ죬гǹ㳯ű˹ȥһǹֱӽضϱĹ·
аЦҵ챦ԵõĺôǱҪȥʵУȻնеһ۰ھûرѾˡ
ħЫֻѾˣ廯Ϊһ⣬һβգһβͺĳűȥ
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ӱոձƻɰ̨߶£ҲܸܵǱƿֲ֮ǰֻ㣬ھȻ챦ɱʮıɱ䣬ĿõġôûҪع鵽еĴ㡣

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һ˸һսзɳһĽ⣬Ϊһھ޽նǶβƺҪһβֱնϡ
ħЫķӦΪѸ٣оսìбǿӣ붼룬һǹһᣬսìȥһ޴ĺУħЫһҲսìˡ

һߣսĽ⣬βնһϣϸܵۡɫĹâſ񱩵սն棬ȻųǣһƹӲ֣סսķâմһ죬βҲսбķâϡ
Щ˵ʵ򲻹գ֮Ѿ

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ֻһĴУͿѩɫǰ̤һгʡ
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ħЫŸѩһƬ䡣
ϣ
ѩ˿ûжݣгٳʣһħЫݺᣬնҪĹ
ɣһսɡ
ţһƬȡսѾ׶Ʋסˡսߵʯնȥʱܿеļӿ񱩵ɡܵսϵķâ
ʯ˸ûаԥţһӾҹȥ
ɱ
ûаɣսʣһλãȻǾߴλá߻Ѳߴ֮Ҫ㡣ǻΪɱ䡣ɱ䣬Ҳǽ֮ɱۡ
һӳ˸
𣡣
¶ɱ⡣Ť˲һ𣬾޴ͷ­ͻȻſһŻɫҺ壬ҺһͺŮɢһٽסǲƣʿҲ⡣̨
Һǽ˶ڡ
ͭˣǴһô
붼룬Ϲâһ⣬Ϊһ㻤嶷
ǻۿɲͣƵĺڰ̨ϵģȫǶֵˣرľߣ˭󶼻Ϊˡľ綾ˡ
ˢ
УѾ˳ƽջڣѹС͸ոմ߶£ڵѾĴ롣߶Ҫʵ̫ӴˡҪתֵ֧ʱʮޡ
һ̣ҺѾ⡣
пԥڵսٴθȫ⸡ֳһ㻤
Һڻϣʱ͸оתɬ
һɫĹâ棬һɫʯϮʼΪһʯͷʯ
ⶾҺܽʯʯͷ
аȻתϽʯĲֱӱ飬ٴθǻĥԶҺе
򣡣
ʯ̤ڶҺУҺϣ˿ûκӰ죬ʯͷʯ˵һôûУʯһӾͳžȥ
̨ϣʱͱҵɱ
˵Ӱûй̶Ķ֡ոոɱһһ̾ɱһλʿ


291 ǹ
̨ϣһƬҡ
ɱʱನ˲佫֮ĲϷ
֮䣬Ȼٴγ۵ļһ֮ϻۣƱܣԽԽŨ
ãһ֮ٴλۣпܻγɽơɱУû˲֮ı䶯Щ֮ûʧ
ֻǱɢɢ̨϶ѡ
һû赲ͻٴξۺϡ
׵ģ콫ıó±Щ֮ҪȻ˭õħЫЦź
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һغϣǾ鷳ˡ
ߣոյɰ̨߶Щ챦ܳױ飬Ҫҳ֣ҲԲѹס֮ոһΨһĻᡣ
еĮ˵
ԿѾһŨ֮½ƱҪõͱ˺֮ӲҪ˵֮ܵڷٵĻۡӿС治ϳ
𣡣
Ҳ֪еʵ϶ܴ߶±֮һȵ׻ָ±֮ǰĻرûܵõڲʱرؼ顣
һתͳƱ˹ȥſھҪ֮ͬһ̽С
ڲᣬԺûлᡣ
飡
ֻǸոճȥԴ֮Ʊǰʱ͸оԼβͱֻץסϸһȻͱʯһѱסβͣں棬͵һһþڵϣȫͷһž
ıֻУܴƷͭĿȣƱҲҪĲϡţһ
Ҳʾֱӳȥ
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һڶƱչʱȴ̤һԣûжֻڵһʱ䣬˫۱ɺڰɫкһݳһǣ֮ܵԣֱ
ˢˢˢ
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ڴ˿̣ȴȫ뵽ѾĸͨС
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ĻҪǴһΣ֪ûеڶΡ
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ƶռеͼͼת䣬֮ԴԴϵĻռС
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ħЫ֮װУ¶ŨŨɱ⡣֮ңõӴ֪֮еʵʲô
⽫һµĴС

ռУ𶯣˸貵ĺڰ׹âһ棬Դ룬ھɢԽԽǿʢÿһöɢʰĹâ
֮ͨһʼȻֻǻƽֻͨвϴ֮ܽĸǿǴﵽһΣõɱ䡣Լյˮĥš
һ֣ǵõϱԴıԴ֮ĵرȥַҪԵķԴ֮Դϣ޷һپ͡

ڰ̨ϣͻȻžͬʱ
˭֪˿Ĺһƽ̨ϣֻ߿ͭϡ
ƽ̨ܴһ̳ƽ̨ϡ
̳ϣȻ߿ͭףؼǣ߿ͭףԡǳ֮¡ɢ⣬ǳ֮ûͭСʧ߿ͭ׶޵׶һľŴǳ֮
ϸۿܷ֣߿ͭװڷŵλöʮֲһ
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ۣ
žƽ̨ϣֻһѷ죬һضϢð˳
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һͷĹ򵥡ֱǻֲΣأطҪҹȥǾ׶༪٣һΪԷˮ֮൱ͨҪȻҲҲĹ
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ʱһٽݾķǾֱеӲӹĹĵ£ٴڣǿڳһĹͨĹڵλá
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Ҫ֪ǷˮأˮڴɽǳĹ򣬶ˮ֮ǣĹû⣬ҪٴζԷˮؽھֹ̣ʵڶˮжԿܵˮ֮ķɡ
ֹ̣ǱɡֱӾͻڵ£
κεĹֻҪо飬ôɡ
λĹƫƫôˣ̾еɲͨһ챦ֱӴӷˮ֮ڳĹҲᴥˮ
һ·ھǰĹ
ͭסȻǷλ֣֮˭ĹȻŪôֱʡѵֻѷˮ֮أӦǷˮĹ˾˭
ĹűŨǹڵ߾ͭףͻȻ¶֮ɫ


292 ͵
ǹף١
ѿǹٹ飡
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ԣڿǹףңԿǳĹâ˸ʱĹӿֳ֮ɫ嶼һ̱ýӲ
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ĹüӡԽӵԡ
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һûκγɡ
첽ͳƽ̨ȥ߿ͭףΪͭ죬ͿĶҪ򿪣ô׵顣
ȴѲ
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յѵƣһֱ֣ӳһͭһͷȥ

ѵͭϣƹʱͽײĳڣݵĵֵƹ⣬׸ͭסܱʥޱȡ
ף
ѵƹ·ֱҫͭڣײĵ赲ѵǰûЧģͬĹзһϺȡǿǳޱȵͭ׸Ǿڻʱһǿд򿪣Ȼƿ
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ѵƵǿ֮
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ľ֮һӹľһЩУᾪĹˣͬһֽһ㡣
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˭뵽ײ治˵ʬ壬ȻһֻڿЦ
˭ڹײһֻ
ĹĹʥ飬û˭ԼĹһֻ
ⲻͨļĹǧ֮ãͭڵľȻûи࣬ëΣǴ˵еʽ˵меļƷôǹһֻʽǲЩ̫Ϸˡ
Ĺֱֻ˹ĸо̫˼ˡ
ǹһֻʽûи
ңоǹеʽǻŵġ
ˣ˹ףǾͲֶܿ飬ֻʽǻģϡ䣬ҪǾһʴƸʽҪˡ
ĹǹУͨҼҪһʽһҧһģôץ˳ڻС
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Ĺ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ٽǹ¸ԭٴ۳һյѵƣһǹϡ
ף
ѵƹ⳹ͭ׵ͬʱٴηһϺȡ
꣡
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Ĺ
漴СĳŹײ̽ͷ˹ȥ
һĹ׺ˣڵĸϴŵĺɫ¼ֱһɫಮ١һͷڵϡֻŻڲϵĳ鶯̧ۿ죬һ޿ı顣
찡ذҪҪôҰ
ոտ׿һֻڿףȻֻҪʲô˵͵ⲻĹϷŪİɡ
Ĺһꡣ
ײ治Ǽɹˡ
ǻ˹ˡȫһӳʧһգΪУײڡͬ⵽š
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Ȼǹһֻһֻһ߹еֱϹ۾ǹװ嶼״ġģһ
ĹײģȻһֻһֻɽȥ׵߸ʥĹᡣ
ֱɥĲ񰡡
޷ܣֱûа취ʵ
оԼѾԵĹʧȥšѵڵĹĹѾֵزûнƱ˵רŷһֻһڹײ棬ĵĹ
оԼ˶ˡ
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֮Ϊأߣ֮ҲػơΪرԴ֮Ψؿʱڻ֮УأɵƣƲبŲ࣬ų档ĸرɽӡΰ򷨲֣಻


297 ɵ 
ؿ٣֮޵ġĸ͸ֻڿʱпҪĳضĻ£Żᵮĸ֮󣬲֮ǿ󣬸ΪĸܼȡԪµ֮Ҫʱ컯ſ
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ԸӵĲΡ
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һǰƱе˷Թġ
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Ҫǲ֪뷷ȺȺ˼ӳʱĵ˼󣬶ң˳йԱƿʮ΢÷뷷ȺȺ֣ڷϣһ䣬ƿȺˣ˵ĵϡ
ң˼ӳһ£зûзĵĲ࣬ʮ˳˵һּĸҪ˵ţάֶѡֻĩ·
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ҪŲ˿ĲϣҪûУҲҪǧ˿ͬƷ׵˿߲ƷײͬصҲͬ
ʥּҲҪͬȵĲ˿ԾŲ˿ͬȲεı˿֯졣ֻд˵ľŲϲ³ı˿
аԵһ
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⡶ͥûдŽؾСֶԽ֪ԽáڵĶȻ˳֮϶ֻһһ֡ԲԸȥ


298 
˳֮ͬӦǿԿٳ˳طȻ٣ҲԲൽȥÿһݶǼΪġ
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299 
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300 ʾ
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301 ̳
˵鹫ӸоԼʵ̫ùˡ
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ڽʱлԸ̾Ȼȥٲ·ԺֻҪпܣԲѡԼһ··ĸоʵ̫ˡ
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ֻڴҵֲ֣ҿ鰡鹫쳤̾һĿ顣
εĴսǲκ϶ˣԲܴλᡣ
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ȻҲԼѡ
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ͽ̳׼ħ񡣡
ħЫޱֱ
ȻǰЩУһ㶼⡣ͺ׵ڡ

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Ǽ̳׻ָԭȵģƽޱȡ
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һ֣Ы˴ٴοʼڵ´ڵھһͨڵȥΣҪƽˡ

һɽУɽڣɢһӺԼܸܵ±Ҫ࣬ޱȡ
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Щ˵ɲϸȥҲвÿһֻ˶ű¶׹⡣
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ǰ棬һʮ־޴Ĳˣ˵ߣףһֻǹҡһǹ˸ź⡣


302 ƶ
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һ˫ŭ𣬶еĻԵüΪޡ
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λѱᣬ״ûҪǵ˼ֻϾ¹ԣϣԼѡλԸȻǼΪӭͶ೨ֻҪԸ⣬˭Լ롣ΪϵһԱ
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ĻҶ֪ϵŭɫҲɢ롣֮ǰһ·ͬУҲеԸЩ˽⡣˵֮Ҳûзϡ
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ѵõǿ׳ңϰգ˶Ϊ뺷塣ңǳԵĻסġһӦȫԱڵĺܶկûа취ȡֻ̫Ҫ֧ȥԺ󣬿϶Ϊһʥء
Ҷ֪һĨɫԥ˵
˵ʵڣԸܵķΧ󣬶Ҳһ˿ޡ
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303 ͨ
ⲻǹάһַĵ塣
壬ĿаĻ棬ɢġ
һǿûڷ˯ֱӽУԲ̽ϰյȵȣԽǹۿԽ˽⡣ͶԽӵĸоһ־̾
˵ؼǣİգһֲηɱǺܶկеûеĶ
ĴկеǶδľȴܸܵһֶδ
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İգǻûмͽ˳鶼뷻УһԱȣǲ࣬͸ӵԡ
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ʱʵ̫ݣ̲㣬ȱٴӢţϣܵõ˲ţһĸã򣬱Ƴǣǵ֣˱ᣬϢų档
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Ҷ֪Ҳɵһ񶯵ƺܿδƳǣȺӢ貣˲żüãΪʥصĻ棬оǰԼѡ
Ҷ֪ҡҡͷ׵ѣҪ˵ɱɱŶݼףЩҶ֪ﻹЩţҪ˵ǸϳıߣƹܾӣҿЩҶǴУЩҿɰﲻʲôæ
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λѣȻȥ̣սǽְ쵼УǴɡЦ˵Ҵ㽨ͨ󡣡
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ڱϣֳ׭ͨ죡
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һۿȥ֪Բͨ
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ܰտж𺳣һʼԲ²ͨ󾿾ʲôã־ʲô
һôּγɣ챦ȻǱѰҶ֪𺳣֮ǰѾ֣дŲٵ챦ÿһǼΪ󣬵ʱĵ̾ͼΪ𺳣ٴοһ챦ԽӸоɲ⡣
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ͨ󣬿ܣſ˵


304 ²
еǿ߷롣
ڻҰ棬һĺúõģû˭ǳصġв׿콾Щˣͨϣ׿츳ٶȼ죬սǿǾһɲݺӵԺ󣬻Ϊеһ̡
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һȥʱͿĿռʮںǬռԳɡҰȫһ޴Ĺ㳡ǿյģʲôûСֻй㳡룬һɫͨ
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ǰԺϣݳһεĽƣ赲档
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Ҷ֪иоһԺԼģûԥһԺϵĽȻʧƿţ˽ȥ
Ժ䲢Ҳõľң˯ʱңд鷿ȵȣȻҲС˵ȸСȫ
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󣬻һܵתԪһ̾
ֻôһԺôԪȻߣҲûдﵽԽԪ̫ĳ̶ȣһضѡͨ챦Ӧòֻһ֮ɡ
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ȻԺ⣬Ҫ챦ȫĻǱʾЩʧġ
ȻǣԺ䣬ÿ˶еģҲֻ챦һԺ䣬Ҳֻܴͨڡ
˵ĺôʱ䡣ʱ䣬治ͬһ죬ͨ졣ʱһһֻ꣬ȥꡣңǣʱӰ쵽Ԫ䣬ȥһ꣬ڲŻһµĺۼ˵ͨڵʱ䣬ºۼֻʱţŻڿµĺۼ
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Ҷ֪۾Ҫ͹
ֱǲ˼飬Ҫ֪ʱԵ챦ûУתʱıҲûУʱɲ˭ҽȥģûԪ⣬ѾԪ޾ҪȻ˭׵Ԫ󲿷ֵʱ챦ڣתʱ䡣棬ʱȥãԪҲĶá
չһ꣬ԼҲһꡣ
һЩԪˣĻһչأͱͷ׷ʱ챦ȥ󣬳ǱأҪȻܶ˶׽ȥһգۼ䣬װ׷ˡ
ȻһЩҪΪ˵ʱ챦᲻ĴԪͲ⡣
Щȣͨתʱ䣬ȻʿԪϵ⣬Ԫ䣬½ʱġ
Уһʱϡ
ֺôҪǴȥ֪ʿΪ֮Уһӡ
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µȵıʿõǰ˵ļıá̸ֽ
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ϵȵıʿͨܲ²⵽˽뷨Ըȵȷ棬֪Էһͼۻ
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309 
ıʿκһλ֮ţܹһսϣ൱µĴڡ
˭޷пһѶϢͻ趥ıʿѵУԸ񣬰ռƵģôĶ֪ܹһԸıظ֡Ӱת
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ȺȻӴȡѵǸɱֻйأôӴȺ»һȽ鷳顣
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οɱ壬Ӷ屾ˣǿˡ
Խֻ࣬ҪʤõĺôԽ
ɣҵҪж壬޻֡Խ࣬ɱľԽʹ졣һһĨɱ⡣
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һööķĲϹۡÿһöɱĿ͸
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Ⱥǲ˴ʳħƺܵ˴˵Ȼͣ⣬˭û׿ƺɵ
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310 
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311 
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ܼıը˲ͻΪǵصı֮սͺǱ硣ĽһִĿ񱩻֮


312 ը
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۾ٴοڳǽϵľ޴ͷ­ʱе˲ͱȡǷըû
𣡣
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׺ݵĳųǽڵλóȥ
ηķʽı䡣
ȺǴ˷ֱӰΧӵȥֱѡһ򣬱ֱĺƹȥ
飡
µķըϵıȺƶʱ׷ױըĻϽǿнʳƬǱǱա
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аԳ
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ⶫ츳ǶԼĸ򣬱κν⣬ⶼҪĸѡΪֻոһգ긴һϵеľ裬пһٶ򡣲һ;
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315 
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316 ƴݳ
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˶ٴ˳ѵһ£ֱЫսʿϡһģ޴Դɣ۷ڡԺһԴѪ
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ũ£ͺڻҰпĳһһδڶԷԴϣȥȻӲĽһЫսʿԴĵķѣԽ䡣˴Ŀġ
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ֵǣɱѽЩ֪ϵүǣǴֵģˣҲҪѳ졣
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˵Щ߶õģһɱֹʽǲЫսʿЩı
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˽ԱǰնΪңӵʿֱǲ˼飬ûκδկһ㡣һ㶼¹ս˶й
УһͨգҶ֣ǽսʿֱӴɱǶΪʲôûСҪǼվԺʲôȥˡ壬Ҫ񡣡
һʱɱˣǾɱڵ壬ΪôҪЩձ¾ԺҲټˡҲûκ塣
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ΪģΪĹѪ;
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һѪֱӳԺ²졣սʿͬʱս
ΪģΪĹѪ;
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ͷɶϣѪһսݣ
ոֵʮţĲݡ
һսУ˵۾ʼˣаոоڵ·˲䷢ǣһһȥһӲķɳȥ
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ѪϢա
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ħЫ̲סԷһ
սУľƺԵĸı䡣
ָı䣬սǡ
ɱɱɱ
սӼһɱ
޿ǿжյǹն׵ǹΪ¾ǹħҡ
ǧﲻҵ׹Ⱦ񷡣ΪʣԸ顣
Ϊ˽ܣΪۣҲ꣬ս
ǧЦѪ̤׹꣬УɱаĲ͡гݺޣҵС
սУɱɷ죬ĴѪҺʼڣڵѪԱ
ɱɱɱ
ʿ췢ɱѪɫͨ졣
޿ǿжյǹն׵ǹΪ¾ǹħҡ

һսսϻصգʿȵķŭһ߸߸裬һߺĻɱһŨɱ⣬ս⣬糱ˮսУ壬ҲɵƶΪ֮һ죬ѹסսֱ۶ͣ١
ս輤ʿս⣬аնɱѪԣη֮ģηûκοµġͬɢɳ۳һƬˮΪޡƲɵ
꿴һĨʡ
ʿս⣬аգʿսǵ൱¡
üһӶֺ޲ֵĳ嶯ǹ鹫ֱۿʼ
ˣ

ٴλĳХ
ì֬ࡣۣ档
ܣ졣ܣ
Դ˳ɾΪ񿹱ȨΪ
ҳʹΡۣ곤ҫ
ս
һһ䣬ջص
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һʿ¶Ȼǵְ𣬾ػգػ԰ٴУΨսûκѡأǵְ
ҲҪɱ֮С


322 ʳ
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սУΪ⡣
սۣսս⣬ͬһεսУ壬ʿĸоһǿӳԼϡ
ս죬ɷ纣սԼӳڽʿϣսɱǣû뵽ս⾹ȻáȻϳ̫δ֪ȴȥ֡
³ʦ֮ȴܿеս⣬һ󣬻ΪһѪɫ⻷ֱÿһ뽫ʿϡȻÿֻǱһս⻷֣ս⻷ڣʱǲ̶ͬȵıǣǳɱĵ
ǰû뵽ġ
оУһֻӵǿʵͨʿ۲죬һ֧ũҪʿ磬Ǿͻֱӽ沫ɱսʤ֮൱ǿˡǾʿ裬Ǳӿ
ҪȻڹŴʱЩͨũôܴܵľӡ
ϵĲ࣬ʵϵľ롣
񣬸˵ϰգ˶Ϊʿһ£սʮֿ£Ыɱһ𣬾Ȼ
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ڴսǰоѾ׼øֱľУһսϰգֱӴľȡֱеǹսǴķ
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һħʼ£ɱ˽ħһɵĽˡУν߳ŭ
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Ѿﵽһ׾ƷɱѪϷѾﵽһٽ㡣Ȼ󣬾սͬѹյһݣ״ƾϵıݡѪ緢Ӳƽ׾硣Ѫɢǿ
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ûиЩκһлɱ񺣾εƻȴһȥˡͣôԱôⲻͨĴ졣
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˫ͷʳħչ¶һۣ˰һ˿𺳡ȥսܺȥײޱȡ
ͨԲƵһйֻǸոЩûдﵽļ޶ѡƳͫһȻ˵
ϡʳ죡
һ£ͨ춼һȥΪʳκʳûʲôǲܳԵġ


323 ڹ
϶˫ͷʳħ˵ֱͨ޼ɵĳԣԣԡͣسԣκζԳԡңƷֲͬζʯƷζ硣ͭʯһֺڳԼĸо
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䣡
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ܼԶ֮ǰ̺ǿǹעǿƻǿ
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˫ͷʳħͺ£ܿƺеᣬǱ˵ˮǿˮ˵ѪˮҲûʲôԡ
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ζ˵㡣˫ͷʳħȴһ㶼⣬һЦĿȴԽӵı䡣
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бĿϯ˫ͷʳħӦ
ɱ
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ڼϣĿĸֳһϸСۡܿڰڳ˯

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УԿڰԾ˵ٶȻƳգζٶȱ֮ǰʱҪֹ໥ƿʱܿڰ˸һգۼ䣬ͳ˫ͷʳħǰ
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˫ͷʳħһȴԥӦ
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΢΢ü漴ͺԥٴη
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꣡
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ʳħĳǽϣ˿Ա߱ܿͬʱ˹ȥϧЩ˫ͷʳħ˿⣬ϣս׵ķƲ
飡飡飡
ڳǽϡ
ǽҵľ𵴣ҡΡѺۿӡӵٶȼ졣

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ˣһûУô׵ĵڵϡ

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ܶ˻ζԸ˫ͷʳħʱȴû뵽һڹǰľôˣϢؼǣôĶ֪
׾ͨȻûʧ֮ͬУûͨǾԵֵסʳħе죬ҲҪ
пű䵹ڵϵʬ壬а˵


324 
һŶ֮ͨǿֻҪյƿ˲ֻҪΪ磬޷ķΧ֮ڣ޷ľ̫֮Ρûѹ챦յǼ³
Ѿ̺һķ֮
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ǻᱻе֮׷ӡڵĻ顣ǳ׽⣬Ƿָ֮ϵû֧֣һȻȻɢȡ֮Ϣ֮᳹׽˺Ƭ֮ǰֹУ˵һʼû
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˾塣

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ضһӲʯͷƵĲľΪʯͷ̰ĲľľҲʯͷľķݽҲһ˲䣬ͱʯͷ
屻ͱһʯҲˣɱʯͷƽʱ˵һۣȴǼΪֲ顣
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ͨʯУֱǿײУһ̤ʯ֮һȫҪʯͷͨٶʮ־ˣϯûκǡ
һʱͽڡ
ƹת
ܿϣѾʼýӲñ䡣һɹѪ͸ȥ

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Ƿǵϡ
κͨһطչ֡ĸԭ
ڰѪҲֻʯĹ̵õ⡣
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ٱ飬Ȼ󣬱Ѫ֮ĥ
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аһ˿̾
Ҫ۳⣬ìƿʯֻ̼֮䳹ױһʯͷȻʵ㣬Ҳƿ֮ͨ
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һգۣá
ʯ˸Ǻԥнһɲǣֱӻʯһӵͷ
ʯ£նڶԺɣһУǷˡ
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ҪսǾսΪ鲻ΪȫΪ壬ء
Ѿǰľ޴ʯһս⵱ҵɱޱıҲҪսĹ֮С
ǾҲҪս
ҲҪǿһ
һ̣ԺǱѪսì·ܵǿҵĴ̼ǿҵĹ
ɱɱɱ
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329 ֮
иоìĸ򣬲ӿ֣ԺУѿڵìУȻԿìڣǱì۳ѪսìϣȻֳ׭
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жìĸһ̣۵սìС
ˢ
ڴ˿̣սУʯԿԿǰһ޴ޱȵѪսìѪսìϣϸСѺۣ鲼սì渡ֳö˸Ű׹ǳһѪɫ⽫սìס
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ڽʿ壬һɱ⡣
һſڷһϺȣսлص
սսս
ΪģΪĹѪ;
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ͷɶϣѪһսݡ
ոֵʮţĲݡ
жȥһһŵĽʿſ³ĳХһЫսʿնĳ˿ûбãһ̧ǹ㾡ȫǹࡣҲնս䡣
ǰη޻ڣ
ս裬Ϊָǰ·
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޿ǿжյǹն׵ǹΪ¾ǹħҡ
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Ϊ˽ܣΪۣҲ꣬ս
ǧЦѪ̤׹꣬УɱаĲ͡гݺޣҵС
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330 
һʿǣһʿ䡣
һʿǵũҪܡױ죬䣬£ɷ³ɱ׺ѾԿһߡ
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ͺǱһӦ޶־תͷͳսӳȥ
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ڴ˿̣ħ̳Уһ׵Ĵݳ
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ˢ
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۾ǴӼ̳ϳ֣ѵ̳ĿԹͨڤڤеħħ١
ҲǰȻо޴ڵѹеĺȻ糱ˮӿ֡Ѿ񺣾Ͼͼӵеġ
Ҫ֣Ĩɱ򣬶׾ٵ顣

ֻ۾ֵһɲǣһָӿµĻؼ䡣
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սɳɱ¾ٽʿȺɫĶ巢׷ɱһ壬ϵսϡ

ʱһ˵ĺ𡣺Уһ
УȻֳһĻ档
־󣬾еĽʿͰնĿ
Ͽգһɫ̾УɳɫӭƮֻݳ˷֮ɫ
ս⣬ԿֳͬµӰ
һߴʳħһ޴ĲǣһֻڵЫһõĶһֻõݡ
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ôʱֳ֮顣ѵҪӶɡѾȶʤ֣޲ۡʤΪ߿ܣҪȡʤʵô
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ȴĸܵӽɫϴݳ˷һּʳǿҳ嶯

ȦûгɣȾͳõľɱȥ׺һҧھϣͺǾ񶼱ɣˣͱҧһ飬ȥһѪȥųһ⣬ٳһ硣
̳ԲϽţҲڲϵ׳󡣽䣬ͽһȥ̵ﵽɳ
ţֻõݡ
ҪȴԵתۼ䣬ͱ˺飬̵ٳ
ٴʳħ
ʳħҲ׺ɱһ𣬵ȴܵѹƣ˺һ󣬲ʵķһŭʧ
ҲǣЫ
ǱԵһ룬ЫǳԵ֮һ
Ȼ󣬲Ыʧ
У紵һ
Ƭ̼䣬ʹﵽɶ࣬ɣҲѾңԶ
̳֮ϿȦһУٴСû
һɹԴԴϵĳػ۹ȥ
ո¶Ӧ֮顣ãʵġӦпʱһ𣬲ȫϡͺȺݴ£ǿϾ£ٳɾԣֳ֮鲻ãң
սܣȴֻ̳ЩһˡĲʱȴ̳Բˡһعô
׳Ҳһ޷ջ񣬽ʡʵʱ䡣һﵽɣͿԽɱ䡣ֻսѸٵĶȡˡ׳սսĪڴˡ
аһ˿
ս˲пᡣ
սܵҲᱻϷ֡ûжֻʤ븺
λʤҲֻǲʤ
̧ۿȥֻϣƬѾڴսбɷ档ĳǽ̮ķݽʬ壬ʬǱأؿѡ
һսԣɵƻԲС
ҪץᣬǿлɱشߵĻɵȻӵĲҡ
ֻǵһ巢ĴģսԺսһ١սʹ˳ɳ´ΣδػɱߵĻᡣӮܴ岢ûʵ
˼ĳ


331 ־ɳ
һս廹࣬û׼ȱս
ͺñͳ˧Բ뵽ΣյУͳ˧ԣʿҪţȴҪţһŵģӰս֣һɣڴĴȻ޴󣬻±ɰɰ󣬾Ǳ
ĺǻԵġ
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սĽʿյǧ㡣
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ǵļңɷˡ
ˣǸһͬھûиֻԺҲЦˡ

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κʱеһһΪע飬ϳǽһĿⲻԾĻ۹
λʿλգֵܽáҪ½Ҫᡣ
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벻飬һʯ˶ĽʿΪ԰ԸѪɱǵѪ⣬ȡǵİûʲôɲúûšҪţҪȥսʿոõĻȥ
һһ䣬ݳһǿսϵĽʿͰյϻаԳǰţΪػǶսӦˣҪǵһݣõĻȥǵ룬õļ԰
磬ᡣ
ֻʵֻǿ󣬲ػסںһС
һǿٽһңδƳǣ
пǰķ棬һֻ֣һ˸޾ĹͼУͼתȻ䣬ԿһõĹųǳա
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ãתۼ䣬еȫɢȡ֮ģһž޴ͼһõƽ̨һųǵĵػ
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һһǵ̥޾ĿܣȻֻ̥ţֻҪЭһһŵľǡؽΪһʥءսҰѪƣ򣬲κǿУǧʬУҲҪǵǡ
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ڴ֪ɳǣҪòｫԶļ԰
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УѾ϶ǾδƳǣסļ԰Ǵʥء
֪УһɹεԸԴԴϵĴÿһʿɢֱӳǸͼ۹ȥһ˿˿һơԸ
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Ըۣ־ɳǣ
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ԸԸȻ̥ʵɱ䡣пԺһ⣬ĲżƣͨϸĲϣȴ޷ģȡҪһǳأǼֱǳ˵ΡԸΪϣδؾͲһǣԸ飬κĵرѷɫ󡣡
˵òȴƾҡǮǮͨ£ԴԴϻԸ۳Ը顣ҲһʼĳǳأҲҪֻҪԴԴϵԸ飬ͿԲϵɳšԸ۳ɳǣܻԪٶȱȻһǧ
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ԸǾǲִòִͲɳǡһַ
֣˲ͽһ⳹׽
ԸǣʺҵķѰĵرҶԣʵʡԸδػκҪѷɫ
аԳ䣬Ѿ
һԸͼ۹ȥ
תͷսڻɢɫ
Ŀֲ綾ȻܷβܡһٴɢƬҪס
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ڶɢ˲䡣ܿһöɫӵں
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Ϊһ⣬ڣѹС


332 Ѫ
ҪöɫȡʱͻȻ䣬ѿһӣһɫĹ˳һھͽöɫȥһŤͷٴ¡Уֱǿ磬ͻ£ӦѾʧ
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챦ܾеԣڵһʱʵѡֱ̥ںһ𣬱Դһһپ١
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ոЩ챦⣬ӦøɳйءӦ̤ɳ֮С
ոһĻȻܱӡһӡУɱĥǡԼ䣬ƺоµĴضЩͬ
رˣΪսӢ飬ԶػҡӴԺ򣬲ҪǽǵʬǣѪ⣬ữΪʵѪǡ
пϰգʿǰȥսʿʬľˡͻȻ˵
ĳǽѾݻˣȻˣǾûбҪؽˡ޷ֵĴУгǽҲ޼¡иõѡ
һ䣬йâһȻԿһõĳǽУǽѪɫģɢҵɷս⡣ƺвС
ǽϣһ۳ʵʵģÿһשɢһֲս⡣
ʲô
һγǽôΪʲôҿγǽһҪĸо񿴵սսеͬսѡѡ
Ҳоˣһֲ𾴡ƺɱ֮
ٴóĶҲڵһʱ˵Ŀ⣬ⶫһ۾ܿһγǽǺܳȴһİȫСһַĵĸд
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ˢ
еǽһ֮£շսֻ֮һ߾սʿʬͻȻ䱻һεȡ˲Ϣ䣬ΪһööѪɫĳשǽϣһשۻǽۿɼٶ
սսս
ɱҲҪɱһ壬ҲҪһ汳ġ
ˣǰգǵļ԰ѾһΣԲܱٵڶΣ壬Ҳ£ҲҪһ
Ϊ壬ΪϣҲԲˡΡ岻Ǻ۸ġ
ֻǽƺݳһ߿źƺܿһʿѪɱܿڷɱС
һҵӰ֡
һ߾սʿյʬ壬ڿٵ뵽ǽУóǽϱǿһשʬѪۡΪǽһ֡
ЩսʿͰյʬ壬Ȼ뵽ǽУΪһשǽսսʿյʬġ
ǰ˵սߣйޣҪᣬҪˣû뿪ǵѪʬǣΪǽǵʼճڳǽ֮Сǵ־Զ
ǽػ԰ػػգԸǽ֮УΪһשˣҵѪ⣬־ػ塣
нʿųǽ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ʿ˵Ĺޣս˵ʹػ½ϸõĻȥԸԼѪ⣬ͳһѪⳤǡһֲ겻ڣȴ־档
תۼ䣬սϣʬ壬Ѫ⣬ȫ뵽С
ˢ
շ
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һΪѪǣ


333 Ըڳ
һǵڴֱʱȡ챦
ڵõ󣬾һֱز
ΪһѪǣҪ޾Ѫ⺡죬ҪѪǺʵ̫ˣͨ˵ѪʬǣһѪ⣬ֻܻΪһССĳשʵǿʿܻɵĳשͻ࣬ʵԽǿѪ̺Խ࣬۳ĳש͸ࡣ
ңʼɾ˵Ѫ죬۲־
֮ǰȡЩսߵʿʬԭ
ȡĲ꣬ȴǰ־ѪУڳǽϣĳ̶ֳϣһ±ãЩ־಻
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ͼѾóˣѪҲûʲôɡÿԸһ롣һС֮УԹΪҶͷ
һֱսĽʿʬ嶼ʧҲΪһֲɡ
ȻˣǾͿϲǵʬѪ⣬ڵѪǡѪǣͬǰսѣѣֵܡ
ңҲһϾ˭ԸԼѪ쳤ǡ
˿̣ųԶʶɢѪϢػ־
֪ûоҵԸλǵͬ⣬ǵʬǣѪ⣬ѪǣҵһУʧʡóѪǣҾѾ㿪ϲһѡĻᣬ޹ص£޹⣬ֻƾԼԸ
пĬȻнʿգȻ˵
˿ûڡ˵˭˵ʲôȴγһ룬һ̡ϾΪóȻһֲصΪ
Ҫγһ̡
ִôЩʱҲڲϷת䡣ĿǰȻͬĸԶ
ˣţЩΪػսĽʿգһҲԸԼĲܼػҡƳ忪˵
ǰûث֣Ǹ岫ɱѪж֮ǰںںĲôսҼҲԸѪ¡ΪػһҲվ˳˵
ԣգѪ֮գΪԪʮ塣Ϊһ·սĽʿա
вûнɣЩ飬ǱҪġ
վڳǽϣԶѪǣɫһƬȻأ³һλ֮Уؼ֤սӢ顣
Ĺע£սϻص
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Ӣꡭ׳գ
ԸӢ飬־棬Ųࡣ
һһ䣬սϵĽʿգ𶯣Ժл֮ǰļѴܵĥѣһߵڣܹɱһսʤָ֮дԽ̡
ɵģ˸źԸӢ飬־棬Ųࡣ
ԸӢ飬־棬Ųࡣ
֪УǽʿǰգʿԾĸźһƬȻ
ˢˢˢ
Ѫ𶯣һѪУȻԿһʿյӰѪи֣ЩӰϣɢһɾǿս⣬ҵɱ⣬ʼղ
ʲôΪʲôҿ塣֮ǰս𡣡
ҿ˴ţţҼǵڸɱʱսģǺģսǰǽɱüͷޡ
أҼǵãսʿҲӢսˡЩѵǵĻǡ
һ̣սϲ̲סһ󾪺
ĿѪϣⶼǼٵģģ֮ǰѾսȴܿǵӰȻǵĻǣꡣ
ЩȷʵЩսĽʿղĻǡ
½ոյѪҲǣǵѪΪѪǵһ֣ʸפСȻֻҪԸ⣬ʱȥǰֻء֮ǰеĻȫѪг˯
ڼУ׷ѡ
ѵɲǣѪдݵѶϢѾЩǶ׵Ĵ״һ϶¶ο֮ɫ
ǵûа׷ѣǵѪûаǵġ
λӢꡣ֮ǰûоλͬ⣬ԶλʬǣѪǣ£Ĳ׵ش˽Ӣ֮λ˵Ǹλ˭ԸѪ⺡ǻΪשǽ˵һὫʬȡưᡣ赣һ˲ϲѪ⣬ѪǣΪԸǿȡңѡÿգλӢ顣
һһ䣬ݳһŷţЩ˵һǷģ˵˵ѡ
ЩǷġҪ˭Ը⣬ҲֱȡǵʬưᣬǱϾΪѪʿӢۡ
ֵأ
ҵѪ⺡ǣڴأҲǱһѻҰʳ壬ѣԸѪʬǣܱһשһʯŸ壬ҵѪǳǣԶػ򡣡
һʿӢɫ䣬ƶȻ
Ը֮Ѫ⣬ⲻѪǡҵѪɿػƬءмֵ£ôһݡ
аյӢҲ˵
ԸԼʬ壬ܳΪѪǵһ֣ǲǵ־档Ųࡣ

УʬڴУ˭֪һ̻ʲô޵ĿУΪһʳȥҪ˶ãҲǰ׹һѣΪѡܸѪǣɳשųҪá
Ըڳǡ
ûκӢҪѪѪз
ǰǰʬΪ˼õĻ䣬ΪܹˡղһѪǣػˣ಻ų档ÿ룬հˡ
󣬵ҪѪǡ
սһΪǣػ塣
ѪӢ괫УܵѪʱĿʱòͬںδᣬѪǣأмֵ
ԭԼЩһӾͻȻʡ
ֻоǰóȻսߵʬѪǵǶսߵһֶͣڽʿ˵
ԸѪǡ
һͷԾĳڴ󲿷ֽʿյԺУ˸ᷢѿ


334 ΪƷ
Ӣ飬棬õ룬գΪبŲļ֮գʮ壬ΪӢӢڣӢ飬Ȼ˼ƷսϵʬǼƷ
һѪϸֳӢ飬Ҳһ˿жЩΪսʿգֵκ𾴡
ûǣûڵ
ˢ
һ䣬ѪȻųһŨѪ⣬糱ˮ㸲ս
սϣԿһʳħˣЫʬ壬һɲǼ䣬â֣ΪһѪ⣬ѪǶȥ
ѪϣЩʬ壬׷׻Ϊһש뵽ѪУֻǣЩשɫȴǰɫЩɫĳשϣͬһ˿˿Ĳ־̺ŶԹԹֲʵɱ۳Ķǰɫĳשһ뵽ѪС
ԭһʺѪשм䡣
İɫĳשһУЩʵѪӴһ۳üשУѪǣۿɼٶȿʼ죬š
ǧףǧףǧףǧף
ʬȫɺѪѾɰɫȴﵽǧסѾһֳǵĹģơ
ɱɱɱ
壬ɱ壬ཫǵѪʳ
ʣôСҲİ
Щɫĳשһ뵽УʱЩשУðһɫԹ꣬ȴǿҵԹʵɱ⡣Ѫе־
һ𣬷һ˻ƺҪѪǶҪ顣
ɱ
˿̣ЩӢ飬ȴ¶֮ɫЩԹȥһԹͬʱǺıӢɽȥ
Թ󣬿ԿӢøɢϢǿɫĳשҲһ˿˿ѪɫǣʴȾ
ڰɫשðһͻᱻӢٻ̽ڡøЩԹǶԣǴ֮ҩ
һ鰵ɫĳǽӢЩԹԹɱʱۿɼٶȷɱ䣬Ѫɫɱ䡣ֹ̲һױѪɫǾͻ᳹׳ΪѪǵһ֡սʿĳש޲ͬҪʱ䡣
Ѫǣֻڴ˿̣ӵдսʿĲ־ӢפܳѪ⺡ǣΪáʵĻʯ
½ֻأӢЩԹ׳塣Ժֻкô
пѪϣӢ鲻ѹԹĻ棬аԳ
ѪǲԶĴǵӢǡ
һһʱޣͻֺܴ鷳޴ĺ
ֻǶһ꣬ȴȫԣֻҪм֮УԽǿֻʱҲõСĺô
һļֻ꣬תͻ䣬ǳΪޣǻѡ˵УظйΪץЩ䲻ǰֻصĹڡ½Ƿ䣬ǷֻأҲ
Ѿ漰
ԣϣľЩӢѪפ꣬ȻǰֻأΪˡʼµһУ룬Ʒϣʱ䣬ǵӢøֻʱܵõĺôͬѪѹںʬٶȸ졣
νǽԴϲкô
˵ӢֻأѪеĲ־ɳ档
пܣиϣʬǣһѪǡδսԲ١
һѪǣӢ飬ų棬بŲ𡣡ƳǸ̾˵Ѫ΢΢һңңݡ
Ӣ飬Եݡ
ʿҲǳѪǹһɫȻļݡ
֮Ŀ䣬³һ
Ѫ֮أ彮己֮ءǳǱƣҪȻһ㣬ؽΪʵ
ϣֵ֧һϷ档һսľˣյľĿг嵥嵥ռ룬Ѫ֮ϡǵ֣볤һࡣܺհݡӦܵ
пһ򣬵Ƿ棬ƵľҪ飬ȻòԳ֡ƳҲǳԸɷġ
֪
Ƴ׵ͷڴӦ
ɨս򱦵ֽСѦ󣬵ǼᡣʱҪ鿴пһܸɵѦ𣬼Ը
ģڣһһ߶١
Ѧظŵ˵
㡣׵ͷ˵
λǰԮĵѡк֮ܶǰսϣԡѪɱսɳλҲ岫ɱλѲ뿪ĻϢϣλĳԺȶ⡣Ҫúдһλѡȱ⡣
пһʿ֮ǰҲԡѪɱɱ壬ǾѡȻǡ
Ĳ˵ɻԱȺûûġ
أʳȥ졣
ģʳһóõĳգúдλѡҲŵ˵ϣʳȻǵʲá
л׵ѡ
һȺʿ׷׳йһ񣬿ڵл
׵ѣλħЫɱܰ㣬о綾Ѿԣ֪ܷн֮ʱֻһµĲȴŻԹȥĸѩ˹ĿֱӿСſ˵
п˹ȥҲɰһԿѩϣѾһ㵭ĺѾԣڵתŵֵ綾Ϯ
֮ǰҲѩħЫ㣬һ֮£о綾û뵽־綾ҡ˶̵ʱڣѾʼɢʹԡ
ִڸѩϣΪ΢
һ֮˳žڡһȥ͸оһɺѸϯҪʴȥ֮ʮְԵʴųɱȥҲܹ죬ֱӻΪһֻڵħЫȻ֮һ𡣲ɱ
һЫβϻ裬СҲħЫһצĵըѡΪɫǣգۼ䣬ħЫٴۣ׺ĳɱ
תۼ䣬¡
עѩڵȻӲ
ðԵľ綾Ȼҵɢˡ
΢΢üû뵽ħЫľ綾ô綾ȻؼѲһִڣŸѩԽ΢Ϣ΢΢ҡͷ£йâһóһֻƿ
ƿϱתһͲǷƷ
Һ֮ǰץȡ챦٣滹һöĵҪȻ綾һΪдƿ¶һöɫĵҩ
ɫһ˿ҩ㶼͸ͨҩûʲô


335 ëԼ
һöĵǴδֱ챦ʵ̫ˣָĶУʤеҩɲĵҩûκʣһ˿ĵеֻҩ
ĵҩκʱ򣬶׷ɵҩ
书ЧʮɵҪǿֵ޿ɹ
ĵţƣΪҩ˲Σ֥ҩģƶɣǿĹЧƣ綾ƵҲڷú󣬻ס޸ơһΪʥҩʥҩ
öҩؼ󲿷ֵľ綾ľ綾ѹơֵ
öҩȻһ˿ҩ㶼ûУͨû⣬ҩȫ˵ֻʮɵܾеڻйأĵҩ֮Ϊ鵤ɵѵһö˵еɵɽ¶һ־֮ɫ
һѾʼ漰֮ʼһЩͨĵҩҩΪ̣ͨ浤ѧͽ֪Ҫ϶ٱȻңǲףһʱͿڵöĵ֮
ĵҩƷױضס϶ǼΪĵҩ滹вȾӦǴ챦ɵ
δҲͬ
κεҩֵǡʱóȥмֵУҲ֮еȻһЦԥľͽеĵͽѩС
ҩڼ
һȻȻɢѩλãһŨΪģٵܲɢһɹɾ綾֮ɢ׻ΪС
ֹ̣ٶȲȴڳš
ħЫľ綾ͨľ綾Ы֮
Ǿ֮
൱ԵĵҪɢͬҪһʱ䣬ǿ϶סˡ

кηԸѾڵһʱ乪ѯʵ
λѴظУһͷúտȵѺ˵нѩľȻὫ֮׵
ûж˵Ѿ˴Ÿѩ뿪
ѣ֪ûȤͨ󡣡пǰĲƣڷ롣ǰĲһʵ൱סؼǣڣ̺⡣ʿͬһУûа취۹ȥʵġ
ƵǱͬӹɵġֻԸ̫䡣᲻Ӧ룬Ҳûеס
ˣܴĴߡеƣ󣬻
΢΢ҡͷ˵
Ҳã½ޱ޼ʣӾʣҲӵĲпᡣǸоˣԶӭ׵ͷûʲô죬벽ƵԸҲܾͬҲ
Ҳǵġ
׵ͷûȥĴ㣬ųһȥƮ
еĿҲһֱעʧ߾ͷһ̫ණ콾
뿪ߺ󣬲ƣͷһۺ棬һ˿ӣҡͷΪɷǣκйصܶˡѵõۼ֮أпܳΪһʥءΪңܶˡҵע¿һзʦܡ

Ƶĳǽϣһվţ棬ѾһƬæµС
գʿڿٴɨսֱʬǣޣݵʬ壬֮ǰûбΪƷսϣЩޣϣǱÿһ߶һξ޴ջ
ЩջҲɢս
ķƷȥĽʿǰҪ൱١һƬȻ죬ٷϴ˵ľ
лƳָתûʲôҡھĽš
սôò׽ļ԰ô˴롣ⶼǴҵѪ
ŲƵսǰȣѾŮЩƸУҲ⡣
֮ˣٽЩƿƿ޹޵ģ֮ֻҪ˻ڣһжԻ𡣶ңұ֤ûʲô׵ĴݻµһǾһɳǡʱ򣬲ļҡ
֣ƶ˵
̥ѾȥٽģɳǡһɣûʲôԴӵ¹ûʲôܹ״ݻɳǡ
״һܹ
׵ͷɫ䣬Ǽš
Ҫһ½ϣֱǧɳǣҪһ۲ŴԣǳȺͬҪԴԴϵͲͽܸңɳ˫ʥء
ʱһӳǽ´˹
¼䣬ֻӰѾ˳ǽǰ
һӣһϵʣһ۾ܿѰˡ
Ѽ㣬̴ҵǧĲŮ黭ͨոһ񳯷ƾ޾裬Ѿ̾Ϊֹ
ӿͻȻЦ˵һ䡣
ССգҳݡЦ˵
ʱоѾע⵽ǡǵķӡ벻̶ѡ
֪ˣǰ׳գǾĴţֱǴҪëԼô
תͷȴûκα仯˵λǲͲͽأ
ǲͲţ˵˲㣬ҪϿɲ㡣ƽ˵
ҪϿɣǾвܣҲ޷չ¶ֺвžҪ¶ѣϮÿնа䡣ҲҪΪ御һͷԣóȻǰëԼˡ
һɫ˵
֮ǰҲδսУ뽫ʿɱηľѾ𺳵ǣܵҪΪһԷϢáҪһҪȻҵвõ;
κңʲôʱ档ϸǹ
գֱڴ˿̣ǰֱӰڳëԼļơ
֪λڵشοζѯһ䡣
Ȼڳ⿼ˡ
ȻҪëԼǾҪó汾£ҪûʵѧëԼǾһЦѣȡ衣ʲô˵䣬ͺԥã֮ǰϵǻ᲻ƽ
ȻϲûʲôνĹƽ
ͬʱһаȻ⣬ɲôûشġҲ֪εĻش𣬽еĵλ


336 ʴ
Ӳûش
漰ķΧʵ̫ˣӵ̫ı˵ʲôпֻһ̸ֿѣҪ˵Ĳʵʣɣδ¼̫գֻˣƤӵӡ󣬵ȻҪǻشĺãɣĵλܶõӡ
ش䣬ѾԭסȫͬȫڣںϣĲޱ޼ʵĺءͬҲָ޹塣Ҳֻ½ǧеһ
ȿ˵ȻЩٵĴܣ޷ָǧɱ壬󲿷˶ʣЩײеԣȻΪѪʳ¾һ٣Ѿ󲿷嶼ڶ档Ĵ˵ʮֿǡδľ棬ضΪѡһпܻʮ꣬ϰ꣬Ǹãշֳʤǿ򡣲Żƽȡ
ͺǼѼһһܣҧǲƽӲƽദ
½
໥һÿ飬ơһϴƵĲҹ̡˭޷⣬ӱܲ㲻
ʱǲпģѪȵġעǿߴ棬Ρ
ش⣬ֻûκܹ˵ԶϤǾֻһǣҲ￴شƣûй˪쾺ɡ໥ѹǿߴ棬ɡκ壬гΪĻʸ͵˵һУǿκشƵġĳΪֻ
Ŀ˵ֻҪǿشȻ۶شƣ޹ǧˣ֣شȻ֮УֻҪǿһȣ򲽲ȡǧԾŵĻᡣռͷΪأ˿Ϊ
شƣ
֮УǿΪΪʳǳĴַǿʳǡ
һΣ½ںϣûǣһȫƾʵǿǡȺ۲콾ʱ
ܶϤ½صУλͨˣǣԶˡ
аԵͷ
˵Ҫشƣǿ˵˵ѣֻҪǾвţǼвšľƶǾвܣҲޡ
ǰˣ˵ĲȴĸԶ
˽ҶѣǶͲŲе۹⣬ǡ
֪λմЦſѯʵ
⣬һ֡ȻһЦ˵
ռ֣һڼ֣ĺ͡˵
Ƕãʿڼ
аȻĿⲻһ˭ν׹˭ʡ͵ĵơ
ãˮ䰴ǣǶǣɽˮͷžʦ
ңڣͨԣǶıԱȣš˳ơǶǡڲŹݽڣüĿ㣬볤ʹͭ˸׽ύ˸ǵȡ˴̾ٵʮ٣Ϊٸ׷ɽΪɽկƹܻܵľʦ
ɽеľжһֲ߻˵ɽܹ׳вεĵزĹǲɺӵġҪȻһȺôһ
ıǻۣ۹⣬ǳ͡ϧΪǽŻꪳɳܶˡܷϣĲܣıԣʷ֮УҲϵȵıʿ
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֮ǰôû뵽Ļˡ
еϲ糱ˮӿ֡
оȱٶıʿû뵽δս֮󣬾Ȼ˾ţңëԼԼɵͬһĸо
ԭ棬е֡
п˵Цԡ磬оһ׽
ڼĳҲֻһλҪУָһְٰҰ˶ѡڼ¶һĨɫƽ͵Ŀ˵ΪĳǰʿĴŶҽҰɡ
Уʼһٳ費ɫ
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ٴѯʵĿֱӹȥ˫ƽ
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ֱ˵˵Լ֮ѡѡеԭһ㶼ûͼǱǲͶЧġ
һ㣬һ㶼⣬ҪûԷʵ̣ô˲š
ûͩôˡͬһ
ˡֱԣԼĲǣ챦Ӧòȱ٣ΪʲôûԼկΪһ֮ԼһԼӦǺܼ򵥵Ŷԡиֳһ˿⡣
˲ţˣԲܻòһöڽկΪһӰգԼ׳ԼΪ֮Ӧ൱ջ顣
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337 һݴ
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ȻȴעɲĲΣǽ粻ĺáԼɲʵǾ͸Ϊ½Լֹ̡֤ţ൱˼ľ
ڼɫƽ˵
ԼǾ͸һλ֤𶥼Ӹ壬ҪġԼǳΪ֮ĲϣǾ͸ɴկ
һֱĴεһ޹ﲫɱһ۲츽Ĵկ̽ǷſԸֱҪ巢ս󣬷ҵĿľ˵ʵ
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˸оǺȴܹƾ켮иܵɱɷɱٵˣٸ蹦ѫ㡣ַʽ˵Ǻȫƾ˵Ժиõķֻ;
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ϰҲˡսгֻɱսʿܻùѫ㡣
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344 
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ֱӿ˵
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345 ˴
ɼЩˣԴ½󣬾ʹûһǳԱġÿԵĶ˵ʲôˣӲ˵ֱֻάֲּУÿʱỵ̈ʱ޿̲ĥġ
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ŵ㣬ָоֱ޷ݡ
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ǰǰ鲻ҪǾǳ׻Ҳõľ£Ҳ»ӣûУϣʳⶫǿԣõĻ᲻ԡ
ǰ壬ָԺҶϵֵܽáԺ֪ܳΪգ֮УǶôҸһ顣
Աָ󣬿ȥ¼ȻͿǰȥؾȡսΪʿԺܾԱ֮壬
һЩնС
ɵһȻĸмůĹػǴûиܵģñĽůаһĪĹС
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ʱֻһսĽʿʬ壬̧˳һ߾߱ʬ壬ʬϿֲ˺ۣϰգʱһȻעӵĿУž⡣
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پʬ֣ϵղԾıЩأЩѹ֡
սսսͻȻ䣬аſڷһ
ΪģΪĹѪ;
ҰףԹŲ衣
ͷɶϣѪһսݣ
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ĺĿռ䡣Դĵطû뵽ظƬռѾΪһ塣пǰľ޴ռ䣬Ҳɰ
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ҪԴҲǴ߶ԴȪ
׳أҲ캮صȵȣֱӳΪԴȪһĸȻڵֻ̥ûġǿյġ
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УһڲϵΣͬһɫӰӣԡڳˮУԵʮ⡣
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ԭȴӶġ
ؼҪע
ʱ䣬˲֪á
һȣȡ
аԳǻ
Ҫɳǣһ˲ʣƳҲοȹ̡飬Ѿ̲ݻˡ
аԸֳһͷ
򱻴ݻٴ룬ԲֵڶΡ
ɳǣһҪġ
ԸԿ˵
ȻҪԸɳǣܲܳɹɲУ⻹һδ֪ȻҪԳһ²С
һöѩ׵ԸȻС
һöԸеԸûһ˿ʣûԥһ䣬ԸѾĿռȻȻĸʱУȻȻģֳһõ棬Ը档˲Ϣ䣬ͿԸУΪһŰɫҺ壬ֱʧƬĿռС
ţһҲɰԿЦС
ֻ̥УһԵλãȻԿ̥Ը£һ˿仯


346 һӻ
仯ҪУǸġ仯̫Сˡ
̥ıԵһͬͷ˿һϸСĲ֣۳ʵ壬ɢĹΣݳ־
һĻеˡ
ÿӣһöԸ飬Ȼ͸һͷ˿һϸСĲ֣Ը鰡ûи̥ôҪöԸܳ׽ɳ
иоҪĴ
һöɫԸ鰡ȥôһ˿ͷ˿ô۶۳ʵ壬ҪҪһƳǽҪöԸ顣ֱһּɵĺƴ󹤳̣˾Ĺ̡ķѵԸ飬޷Ӵ֡
һ˾ĴӰ
Ȼһ򵥵顣ٴĿӣҪ̥ֻҪԴԴϵͶԸ飬绹ǻɹġֻʱڿûа취ˡ
һȻḶ́е̫ˣҪѰЩŵرҪĸʵһЩ
ԸϾǿ۾ĵץĵĶӵڽʮ˿ڡӰʼӵԲǧķΧʱ䲻ƣԸٶҲ졣
ÿһöԸ飬ɳҲ͸һ˿ǿԿĵŵģٲľǺķѵʱ䳤Щܿϣ
ҡǮںĿռСһ۳Ը飬Ϳֱ뵽̥У۲Ϊ
䣬һֻ֣Ѿﵽһ˸ߵҡǮȻǰ
ҡǮϣܿӲӵĹâ˸ѾвҼȡԪʼָʼ״̬в٣ǰɫģɫУһ˿˿⡣

ѩ׵Ҵƾո֣鳲㣬ҡǮ۶תۼͳΪҡǮһ֡ʿҽ
ͬʱģһɹԸ
õĲõģҡǮлۡԿҡǮϵڲ˸

ҡǮ΢΢ʱͿһööѩ׵Ըɫħ顣ͬʱȻֻвö֮ࡣټħ飬ǧö֮ࡣ
Ըһ֣ͱһֱӴɰɫҺ壬ʧ
ţ̥ԵۿɼٶȣһС򣬾ô۳ʵֻһС飬ɽһǰ۳ʵʺȴݳһɲ־᲻ɴݡȻĵϡʮء
棬˺
Ը飬˵Ѿһصɱ䡣
ħңԽ࣬۵Ը͸ӴٶöһöһöңЩٴöҡ
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ЩȻǺܶ࣬ҲһʼΪ˵֡ոٶöħ飬´׳󣬾ͿոŰٶöһǧöࡣ
Ѿ۲ҡǮϻԸٶѾԽԽ졣
һͽһ۳һöɫԸ飬УʮջһĸԸһ𣬼൱һͿ۳öԸ顣
ȻҡǮֻУˣңܻͨˣֻ֪ңʹңңֱӼӵϵŻЩεͷģкõģлģ԰֡ټϣʮǸոռ룬ûȷеĸԣЩɢͷԸǲᱻҡǮȡġ
ʱƣҳ׳֪УҲ᲻ϻͷҡǮϡ
ʱԸٶȲܱø졣ÿ춼ջÿ춼ܵõħ飬ҡҳͨĻʱʱ򣬻۵ͷ֮Żͬɽ麣Хϯ
Ҫ콫ϵгȥȻôЩǿЩҲһħԸ飬ÿ춼ոһԸ飬Ȼÿζ࣬߼Ҳвö֮ࡣңԴﵽϰöĿټԭѾҡУӦÿ֧ת
Ѿолҵӿ졣ڱС
һ˽лҪճ̡
һһḶ́ǣһȫ
ûٶȥٴοһпȪˮŽɫϷεĳ̬Ǳ¶һĨЦ⡣

뿪Ŀռлصۡڣֱӽ˾С
ûԥٴץʱ䣬ʼ
һööϵۣΪͻƣɱͬʱľ־Ҳŵõɱ䣬۷ĵٶӣҲӡ
־ʼеƣʱҲûǿתʼóǬ¯һööħͽȥһööҡ
ӲӣѤĿ
Ը飬ħ飬¯ΪһĸͬǸ˲׵ȻˣǾһ֮£ʧ
ʱԺֳһͷ
ңκʱһһ飬жΪǮһҶҵ飬ȻԼҪ
οкڣһǬ¯УӰңԱøɣֻҪһͷͿÿԱ֤ܣԸ飬ħҪܡʾˡ
ûκԥֱӾͽǬ¯뵽С
գʮıɱʮĲıٴһ㡣
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ֲϣԸ飬ħֱͽУŽǬ¯ڣֻҪͷһȻȻľͿʼҡ̣ˮɣˮ硣
ƾȨ
Ȩ
ˣѾˣһ档
ʱ˽
븵ѵǰԺͤЪϢ׼һЩƲˡֱӿڷԸ
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Ӧһȥ׼
ʱǰԺͤС
һڵľƲѾ׼׵
Ҳͤڣ棬ѩŽţһһߵ˹
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ѩϣѾָ糣ԭȵĺѾɢһգΪУ񣬶Ѿ۷壬ȻѾ׻ָ
ѩûƴǣֱӽͤж
ǰʳǳ֮֡
㣬ʲ߸ݳᡣѪ࣬ڷǰɢ㣬˱Ƕ룬˼԰סеĿ
ЩǶʳõĲϣϵȵʳġȡϵѪ⡣̺ǿľȥǴ󲹡
һʿûڵʳϸҲܵõСĺô


347 ׶һ
ǶĴǲּգʳеľȫ
ʳ⿵ʳõʳģոжˣģЩ̲䱾Դ
еЦӣһ⣬ŽСۣڼоĶҪ㣬ʳ㡣ǼµܣѾԹٴΣÿƷ
ԣһ£
ѩûоܾҲӣ˳ȥһ⣬ŽУȥ壬ëƺһֱſŴ
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ѩһзһ̾
ûж˵пȴǲͣ̽һ⣬С
Ҳû˵ͬڸǰʳڣһɹůϵ뵽ѪУÿһϸ֮ڣʳѾʼתԪȻȻڣѪС
ԾУٴοʼӡ
ʳȻǺաݳգҵһȥȻԸһ־ϵáѩеĿӣһ߸Ѿ¶ǣΪһתѪָоʮ
κμգﵽһ߶ȣ˼ı仯أѾ̫ͬδ֪
ҲЦ˵
ǰ˭ܿʳܷģںϣƬصط򣬴ֲͬѰı仯
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ʱѩ³һ仰
ҪͨĴŶκηҪʿʼճЦ˵
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֮·ô󣬲ңͨ󣬶κ˵ɣͨУȥɣ˭޷ǿȡֻҪΣʱܹɡⱾһֹĹϵͨڶһ죬Ǿȡһٺ»һ꣬͵õһԴ뿪ǳ񣬷뿪ٺ»ʱ޷ȡȵټȡٺ»
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ͨһɢĴڡǾֻһ໥׵ĵطһİ࣬ȻõһĹǮ㲻ڸλȻݹǮҲûˡ
ܹƽںܶɢ˵ž޴
ͨԶֻв
ãԸͨ󡣡
ѩһۺֱӹϵ˵
˵󣬾ûٶվȥ
תۼʧ뿪ֱۡӳͨڵλ˽ȥ
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Ȼѩûп˵лΪѾе˼ױΪԸѩԸδػгʱĶȥǰУͬһӣ£ĥͬʱҲڹۿ磬Ƭء
вûֹ
ͨ󲢲ֻʿһңԸµȻ£ԸµģǿҲʲôýҪ£õĲӦǹأԴӦвŶԡ
Ϊǲնϵġ
Ҫɱ䣬ͻƺڶ֮ﵽڶ磬׶֮
иڵı仯ʳУһɹɾʳ뵽Ѫ֮УԪӿڣٴοʼǡ
Ʒµʳõĺôʮ־˵ġ
ǵһƷõĺô
ԭȾѾﵽΪӽʮ֣ڼµʳȥʳϸڽ
ǧ
ǧ
ǧ

˲Ϣ䣬ֱӳʮ

һѪ֮дݶѪڣȻԿһѩ׵İ׶ڰ׶ͬڶոյʱһԵʮáڳֵһɲǣڷѪʱ˹ޣ׷û뵽׶֮С
һ𣬻Ϊһ貵İɫ⣬ÿһѪС
ɲǼ䣬ѪƬͬʱѸ飬Ѫ⣬УʼһӨӨ⣬ÿһѪ⣬̺žǿ֮һɹӿǿ󵽾ˡ
ɲǼ䣬·һĶܵױȵɡ
Ѫ£оҪƮƮɣֱӷ졣
кʣڰ׶˲䣬촷ۡÿһѪ⣬ǺʣɢӨĹࡣ
ԪĸӦһ̣޴ı仯
֮ǰǿʮֹһɹԪǲĳȥԴǱޱȣƺǰһЩ⣬һ̣ӭж⣬Ժⲻϣǻ۵Ĺâ˸
׶һ
ﵽʮһȭͷȥᱻĳɷĩһ죬ʯҪ촷ۡ
֮Ȼڶ֮ʱֻǺ֮ﵽ׶죬ɷѾǳȥ壬һɱ䡣ʵõı䣬صĸӦǿңԪٶȸ졣ң־õɱ䡣
ڵı仯вɰп
׶֮ȷʵȺڶҪǿ󣬱ֻһﵽʮεɱ䣬ɱ䣬ս޴仯磬ƿظ΢
ؼǣڵɱ䡣
ѾǽǡѾﵽһΡ
ڵԼһȫԴ֮ǰʮ
׶֮ʿκϾʿɱͨɱԿޱȡ
˺׾١
ؼǣɱ䣬Ԫø
ɱ䣬ܷΪҵľ־õܸ۷ģ۸ķңĸСָ졣
һһ䣬Ѫ׶֮УѪУ͸ͨûʲô𣬴жǿǷ豹档
ֻҪʩչѿΪ
ٴһ幦󹦡Ѿڶ֮Уӡﵽ׶Ҫһ幦ʱԶڶͨ𵽾޴á
һһ죬ѾͨȻԼڽͨͲ̫棬󹦵ͨ
ҪͬĹң幦ʮϡ١Щͨ幦ֻڶ磬ﵽ׶ҪѰҸ߲ε幦һ㹦ڰ׶Σûа취𵽴á
ЩһഫԲȥ󹦣׶Ǹ߲Σܴ
ҪѰҶ幦ǿȴҪʳϸڣʳڣֻҪʳܲɱ䣬ҲҪǿ幦Ӧѡɫ幦ȡоͨ
Ժһ⡣


348 ţħ
ʿҪѰҸ߲ε幦һ幦ڴﵽһκ󣬶Ĵ΢΢ͣͲǰԽǶ幦ȻԽӵѵáҪӾ޴ˣķѵԴ޷ġ
һʿԴͬȲεʿʮһٸֹһɾ͡
ܶʿڴϣֻ΢漰ѣϾУͬһĴãΪԽߣȻҲᱻĸǿ
Ҫڴﵽһκһϣ̫˺
ʿǿӹɵģʿ˵񺣾Ͼ𲻴ֻҪھϣӵеͨ࣬һһԪϾʩչͬƷ׵ͨҪ񺣾ǿʿΪ磬ȴʵʵġƴǿȣͨɱս
ս˫
ʲô磬ʲôսǶжǿƻ
ԣΪͻƣﵽ׶һʮǾʵʵϾսѹһ񺣾ʿ
幦Ѱң󹦡Ȼһֱʺҡͨļ幦ȴϡ٣٣ҲҵĵؾռĴУӦҵӦ幦Ǹȥؾһˡ
оһ
˵Ҳû飬ͻƣΪҪľˮĥ۷ģͼģڴﵽ׶죬Ѱµ幦¸ؼġ
ûʱ뿪ۡѾؾС
ڲؾڣɽһżڰԴĦҡͷԣнֻƲƲ۾ûᡣ
пҲֻЦЦ
ߵڶ㡣
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ȥڶһ㼸һģһƬ޴Ŀռ䣬һİɢϵϢ
вʿѡս
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Ҫѡ幦ƷײҪ̫ߣһҪɫаԳһ߶šʱͣ¹ۿ
ĹսѾӡ
ͻ񺣾Ѿ෱࣬硶Ԫľ湦ˮԪȵȣУȻƷȴҲºͣĹܶ඼ĹеĲ顣
񹦡һûѪӲ᲻ɴݣǿޱȣơɱУΪ޼᲻ݡΪ幦ٴ֮ϣи߲ιΪ֮
һ幦С
һ幦˵Ʒ⡶񹦡Ҳֻһֻ֣ǻڡ񹦡֮ϣкΪͭ񹦡ϣиǿġ񹦡ǡ񹦡ڲؾУֻС񹦡롶ͭ񹦡
񹦡ڵڶ㣬ͭ񹦡ڵ㡣
ڰ׶ε幦
ϸۿ΢΢ҡͷеĹ·˻ȥ⡶񹦡ȻҪģûԣȻǿ󣬿Ҳȡ󹦡ǿ
壬ͨҪҪ幦Ϊϣ뵽Ѫ֮У뵽Ѫ֮ڣͨõʲôϣ൱Ҫ
ҪֶصΪϣǵõνǿĴٶʲôģҪҪľǹĵϡ
֮ǡʣǿ֮ɣ֮棬ǿķ֮ԡһѪһɱʱܷ
һ幦ǰ
һ֮ĹͼܽԪΪ棬ѪдմУҪʹ࣬һ֧ŲסпֱӵȼڻֱӷΪҽеʹ࣬ΣգԶ׼ġ
ϾԷٵӿһ㶼١
幦ԣ㲻̺һϣһ޳ɣͨ϶ƫڻԡ
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ǡ׻ǡţħ塷ǡХ֡ǼΪ幦ҪѡһҪѡʵĲС
аԳԺв˼
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һԺȻȻ۳һţħսͼһ޴ĴţħԺСڵһʱ䣬С
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ܹˣûʲôǸоȫ
иԥѡӣΪˡ
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Źûš
ȴһһεϱݣͨ裬޹ȴûа취Уһ룬ͻᱻǵϽֱӱɳȥֹѪǵ
ѪϣǿԿһʿ棬󣬴󣬶֣ǹҲڳǽϲѲӡ
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̫ˣֻҪǾͰȫˣ˵Щײе嶼ܻɱܡΪǿ󣬽ȥҲ޹˯ȥͻ᳹Ѳ


350 
һս֮󣬱կе˴ݳȥ쳹ķҹ֮У߸ңҫķôɲڻҰеٳ
Щ·Щկ˵飬ûѡڴկֱǰ
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ÿÿڿʱӿֳһַĵ𾴡
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һһ־ηڴѾδϣ֮飬ٴŹأԶΰ
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351 
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352 
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ԵˣҪԤУпܸʱ䣬ֻǧ֮һ롣еսҪȥ
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ԤмԽԽԺͻȻһ𵾲˵Ӱڲϵ˸ԷĶӳԺУ˲Ϣ䣬ݣյԤС
ڳһʱ
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УȻԿһöѩ׵ķ֣ڷ棬ֳһսͼ棬ݳһķâƺܴƳա
ڷУԳɿռ䣬棬һɫսսֻ糤ȴһƲɵ޼᲻ݵĸоκﵲǰᱻһսУݳһǰһеǿ־
⣬Ǽ⣬Ȼʱ۳⡣
иоڵı仯Ҳɵͣӿֳһ˿ǿҵϲá
κУҪ۳Ϊѵһֻ֡вڼĸﵽһ̶ȣ뷨ȡüͻƣϲϵɱУǿģ޵емղп۳ϼ⡣
⣬޼᲻ݣ
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ಣ
սƿա
ֻܿһɫջһȥ˳Աһ㣬ǣһ㣬ȴֱ͵սǰ
Լֱײȥ
ս׾ٵľʹӵ϶ȥڶͬʱսһĽ⡣ţͿǵֱӵڵϣһƺһԹش
֮ǰջҪҡ
Ǽ⣬Щܹ֮ͬһж磬ӵǻۣôһͬһĶ־ǲܵǻۡЩ˵鲻֪ʲôλãǿκҪ˵죬ͨƣ޷ǲв⣬ȴ⣬һ־ǿԶƻ⣬⣬Щ˵Ŀǡ
ڵһʱ䣬оӿֳһͷ
ѾϤ˵Ҫ
֮ǰûмսڵ˵˺޵ģֻǻڵ־̺Ĺܷӳǿ
⿿ɱ
ɱԽ࣬ȻķâԽӵ£ͻĸ졣
ǣ֣ע£ȥսƺԼĿһĸӦ
ҪԷ
ϵʮޡȴǱȻڵġ
ԽǿǾиĿ꣬׷顣޿ɶܽⲻȥ¡ʱ򣬲Ԥм֮鷢
аһ˿
û뵽һ۳⣬һ֮ϲ
ңؼǣ۳⣬ǾζţѾʸǱ


357 չ
Դӵõʱ޿̲ϣܹžϧż̫ߣҪľҪ۳⣬ֻ۳⣬ܹޣ۳⣬ӳżľԿ˵ǼǼļ֮
۳ļ⣬̺Ÿӿµƻޱǿˡ
Բžʱ̡
ҵҪԣɫǲⶼֵܵ
еĿֻɫˡаȻ
ûгɣǹѾһ׹ս棬֧սƼ׼ǼٶȣսУһ֡
Ҫľµٶȡ

ֱָɫˡ
սУ£һε˲ͽɫڡƺ
ֻһִѡ
ಣ
սƿա
˸ɫ⣬ƣ쵽£һգ۵Ĺ򶼲սѾǰֱĳλúȥ
飡
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һĵת
սϣԿ֧սȻۿɼٶȣ£һѩһֱڣΪУôҷ̺սеļ⣬һڣ
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а𶯡
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棬ͨĵϡ
ⲻǴͨǱͨ
ಣ
ûгɣٴǹһȥȥģƼ׼ҸӼǿ󡣷ޱȡ

Ȼ֮ǰһγǰɫ˺ԥĶսһôȥתƼ׼Ͻɫâɢ̺⿪ʼɢսҲŴ
Ȼﵽ׶ĵˣǾ߽ͨһйͫһε̽ѾɫȷʵӵͨһǼΪǿͨⶼܱ飬Ѿһǿ
ߣ뿪
һһ۽ɫˣŽ³һ漴뿪ɽȣԶȥ
ûпܣ֪ĵ˲öԸ
䣬ѾԶ
ɫĿýȥɫ˻ʼָˣڵнѲӡͬʱҲóһѵݡ
ܶൾһŵݣôٱ֯֯һˣֻĵˣһԾһûСһ߾߰衣ȴʼûͣ٣ڲϵŵˡ

һɽϡ
гɽ嶥ˡվҲһּ䣬йâһֻһȻֱӳǰ
ϸȥǺȻǷ
ڷϵ˿ڣѾϵĲ࣬ڶ˵ϵƣƾӴѪ̵ʱڻָĲ˵ٻսѾָɱ۷ʱڻһЩȴԲ̫ࡣ
֣ҲС
ڿʱеĿ⣬ԵüΪı䣬һ˿޶ɼ
Ϊޣǻۣ˵˼Ȼ֪֮ǰʲôʱ򣬲ȹҵս裬ԣˣҲͬȳһһ˭Ƿ˭ҪǴΪеĻҲһ顣
пȻ˵
Ƕǳ𣬶Թ壬Ǿѡǵ˻ѣսǺͣûκξ¡ѡȨڷ
ҪΪУɱԲ֡
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еĹâһ𲻶ʱ¶׺֮ɫ¶ԥ֮ɫٿ˿˿УͻȻ췢һХ
һţ䣬ڿն𡣳Զȥ
ٲȻѡֱ뿪
ƣ
һʱͼˣһХԥ˳ȥŷ׷ϹȥһȲģ
ĸģˣ
пǸȲģͷϲɳһߡ
ʲôڣļô
̻ʷˣ˸ƺҲˣ׷ŷţҪˣ˵ᷢ˼顣
׷ŷϰա
ԴһƲ߰ǰȥȥһĵһߣȴƶᣬϾȥ
УǽɽԶȻ˶ˡֱʧԶ
ɫ
п̲סҡͷЦһ䡣
ڶʱƺǲˣҲûٵȺ򣬿˿ܵĵΣɽȥ
ңֱ
Ǿʮ׸ߣһԾȥڵϣ˿ûжκ˺ɽٸߣҲƬ̼䣬ɽ
ҪȥʱͻȻ䣬һĨɫС
붼룬ٳǴλÿȥ
һʱͿ±ϣһСǰ
һֻ˸ߵСüΪĲԾ
ͱУҶֳһ̬ɢɫϣһööɫĹӣӲǺֻܴӤȭͷСɢɫѤɫʣϲΪݳһŨ
չҩ
пɵİԷһ
ԺУѾֳһѶϢ
չչͱ֮ϣȡ¾꿪죬߿ɴһǧꡣգղϣָഺ˰̵ЧյϵȵҩƷס׼Ʒ
ͿյʥƷֵȫԽƷףֵʮϰٱϵκŮˣܲںա
ݣഺʲôģŮΪ֮񡣸κδۡ
öܵõĲ˵ԺƳյĵҩŮ޷񡣡
չǿҵ
ı˵ҪǾǼٵġ
ҵĵѾˣҩֵвõĹޡԺаһͷ
漴ͿʼŹȥ
ڿͬʱͫȴľڹϣһ⡣


358 ڤ
һڸ²۵Ĺ⡣
ЩĹ⣬бȵģһӱñ䣬ǺȻ𾪣ϸչϣУȻԿȻפһֻֻСĺĹ⣬ǴӺɢġ䵽ǰ
Ĺ⡭䣡
˸оһַĵ⡣
ЩפչϵĺԲͨĺ
ڤ˵ڤ̺֮֮ƹڤһͻữΪڤ𣬵ȼˣճɻҽô
ڿЩĺʱԺȻֳһѶϢ֪Щ
һȺֻ֮֮һȼϵڤ𣬾ͻ᳹׻Ϊʴڤ𡣲ݣƽʱʱ䶼ڳ˯ҪǱѣͻԵ˲ݣɻ俴ŵκλŵΪǵĹĿꡣ
аȻҪǸոûзֵĻ
Ҫײȥǿ»شʴڤ֮¡
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˭˵ԼһܹȥڻҰУҪǼֱײһգۼ䣬ͻ䡣
Ȼûô򵥣һܻûػҪõôɵġ֮ǰҪ취Щڤ
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չȻȻˣǾͱҪ취ЩڤŪߣǽ
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ˢ
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ٷԼڤϲŲæзһȡ
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žһڣһףڰڹžϽáɢһĵϡɲǼ䡣ѾѩףӰɫľУһ׵ͬһöС̫㡣
ڤɢڤɫǰʱͷһֲ˼ı仯
ڤڰɫǰͺѩ̫һ͹죬һ˿˿棬˲ĥ𲻼ΪС
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ױȵĿ֮
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Ȼڤڤ޷ֵסֻ֮ҪһգͻΪҽ
һֻֻֻ
ϱŷ⣬ÿһζһֻڤ𵱳Ϊ촷ۡ
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˵ЩڤĿǡ
ʮֻڤǰΪҽ
ЩǰɱڤҲ·𳹵׸оһǿҵϢȻԶóȥеĿüΪļɵ
ûᡣ
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ȻǰһΣͱӲ˳ƻĸʮϡ٣γһ䣬չѾͽС
Ƭ֮ڡ
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Щ̣˵ʵ򲻹ڶ̶̼䣬Ѿɡ
Ȼ붼룬οٳɽӶݹȥ
Ծ䣬ʮϰԶ

ϱԵüΪɵڤԼչȻаߺ󣬶ʱͿʼŭ붼룬׷ȼڤ𣬻Ϊһööµڤ򣬷ɿĳɱ
ģ޲ýг׷ճɻҽ
иǳصġ
ĵĽ֡
ÿһ⣬ֱɱһڤת֮䣬ͳɽ壬УѸû
ЩڤɽвϴҪѰ͵չĵѰ޹󣬸ǷйʽĽΧɱڤճɻҽ
ղŲʵȥ


359 
ҹɫŨ
һСɽУȻԿ棬ǺҹУһ޼ĵѲţ췢ĶҺѾƽȥʧɫĵںڰУȻɢһ˿˿ӲӵĹâ
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ټ򵥵壬ɿԿ
һ˲ûΪҹͷɾ裬ڽŵѲš顣һֻӬɲȥ
ɽ⣬һ˫۾Ȼɽڿ˹ȥ
ϸȥȻС
ȡչûԥһʱ͸ϵСɽ⣬ȵҹʱҲٴת˼ɽС
رɭϣЩˣǲ֪ƣġ
аԳڰвûг֡
ЩˣҲһ˿أΪԼҪصĶ뵽ڰʱЩ˺Ҫ͵ʱӰȻ
ҪػĶԵõκ˾ء
ˣڰ첻ߡ
ҪԸɫˣûа취ͨǺδزܽǽɫѹԼԳֲɱƴҲδػȽɫѷɫ
ڿƴػЩϧȥӰˡ
Żߡ
ûȥƽֵ̫壬ĽŷͬѰ塣оصĹؼá
ҪЩ˼ɱҪõƽ
ƽѵãûа취õֻҪõһЩӣǾȫԲ࣬ĻƽΪӣգ׳ɹģֳ
ӾߣЩֻҪ߳ɽȣ෢𹥻Ҳûʲôԡ
аһͷ
ͻȻһ
ɢһּΪϢһްĴ

һ֮ͨǰõ챦еƷʦƳ֪Ҫǿٱͨᱻɫ˷֣һǾԲᱻ֡
һ㣬ޱš
һ䣬ѾΪһڡ
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·ɲǼ䣬Ϊޡȫ£ƮƮֱӴؼʧҲκκۼȥʮֵĿɲ
һǰٴȥ
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Ȼã챦ҲȻֻһʱĳʱ䡣ʱ䣬κ顣
аһϲ
Ŀȷֱӳŵпȥ
Щƽɢһ㣬ʵЩѾ죬ûֱӶĻƽ󣬶ǴСժȡһĻƽ֡
һƽ棬Ҫһǲǲ۵飬ʮʮûйϵ
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ƽĲɲ͡
ûκγɣһĻƽô׵ժȡͽУһʱֵ֮СĲܣȥҪ
ңУ˾Ȼһ㶼ûв
·˿оһ
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ңڲϵӡ
֪Уһ⣬ںлһѵĻƽ󣬶ѻĸӲӵСɽһ
Уӿֳһջϲá
գհƽϵ׾ôŪˣǺķһҲֵõġֵ̫ˣȫֵá
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䣬˵УֻЩʥزܾʸ֣κһ֣ô׵õġ
ȴ׵Ū֣ؽΪĵ֮һ
죬Ѿ׼ˡ
ʱһߵɫǰڷһ
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˼ȥ˵ܷʲô˲õĴܡ
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תͳЩǰķ׷Ϲȥ
ٶȸ죬ңûκε˲оɫ˶ˣһ̣о޵ġʲôǲڵġ
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ʱɽ
ǰģһεɽ
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ĸں棬ɽҲɵһ˿ڴ
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ɽĿռܿ
ĵ˸ࡣ
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ڿҲɵİԵһ
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ǰȻֳһзԲɴСĹųسǰˮһͲ򵥣ĳˮһֽɫҺ壬ЩɫҺУɢһɹ⣬Ե졣
ˮص룬һ𵾲˵񣬿

ţһָӹǰ
ֻЩˣĸոõõĵ˿ܣֱӽǽɫˮУһ߾ߵ˾ôˮСڽɫҺСƺнɫת
ˢ
ţûãͿӽȥĵ˿ܣȻʼӱĿܣôˡ
ˣĻˡ
ңһˮ˳
ſ³ػ͵
˸żᶨĹâ
ӽȥǱûĵˣ߳ģȴǾӵĵˣǴɻµɽеĵԭôô
һ˿𺳡
һֽḶֱ́ǿ컯һֶΡ
ֶΣ𺳣֪Ǻεȵǿˡ
ֱ仯ȻΪǰˮɵġ
ˮ̺컯֮
ǵ˵޵ӣϵȥǵγɵսﵽôµĵزֻˣӽˮУ߳ĵˣۣʵ̫ˡӦûơ졣ˣ𵾲ռ졣
ǿڹųء


360 ʶ
ⲻͨˮأһ̺컯ء
аԳ
һ䣬ٴ̽
˲Ϣ䣬һѶϢԺС
أ챦ԪؼĸִƬȵȣ۳ɻҺе㻯飬־湦Ч˴Ϊڣ۵־ɸͨǻ꣬ػִҺǿ֮顣׳ԪΪϡ䡣
һѶϢȻԺС
˲ûȡ
ڻԾǵ˷ܵĸڣûлأԵ޷ŷܵԣҪ׳ȺֱǲܵģûлأǾ͵֧ʱп𡣳ضڵ˵Ҫ֪
Ӧǰ֧һ챦

˶Ŀ֮ܣ֮ɽȵ֮иʤһ
ʱͿЩȥĵˣڻвϵıĵˣ˳һػԡһȻ֮
Ҳŵ˲ϳ֣ڻеĳˮʼۿɼٶȽͣ١Ƭ̼䣬Ѿٴ롣
ĵȫڻǺ󣬻еĳˮѾǳǳһ㡣
Щĵˣ׷׳ŻعĹݡʾԻظԼأĽ
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СرߣѾǳǳĻҺٽ«ŽУһ£һɹɻҺô׵ȡ«С
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ߣˣƽѾռĲ࣬ԵӣԶ㹻ˡ˵׵鱻ֵļʲ󣬱Ͼժȡ࣬еĻҺȴռ˲٣вСĿܻᱻֲ
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Ҫָû̫õĽݾ
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ǿˣȻ־ԶͨĸǿǾٱӵӦ֡
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Ҳ⣬ڻҰУڴ̫ϡŹֵޣиǧٹ֣˵ޣҲֵ֡
ϵƣˮͿԺܺõƵáþˮӦûٻָ
ҵĵĻҺأ;׳ã֪ϵûо˹Ч
аԳ
ؼǣ⻯Һľ幦ЧΡ
Ĳܣ˵ȻģãӦòʲô̫Σա
ϵѾƳٵϣ϶û飬ȫһγԡ
ò뿪ת߽С
⻯ҺԷãʲôЧҪƷ֪
ھУóһֻ«򿪺«ǴӺ«ȡһΣһνɫҺ壬Ө͸籦ʯ顣ԼԼ䣬˸оһ鶼ҪĴ
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Һڼ˲˳źСţһı仯ڡ
ǵλҺУʼԴԴϵɢһ֮ѪУɢֱ뵽е֮ڡ
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ĸоľ־궼ڷ
ָо֮ġ
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ǿĻҺҾȻܸоڵ궼Ҫ黯ʵ۳ʵ壬ֳҪ򿪾֮
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һ̣ͬ˵Ļͻ֣ᷢеüĶͷλãȻֳһŽ⣬Լ䣬ɢεѹϯȥ
һƬհ׵ĸоһӣų׻ָ
һָҲɵŴͣ¶һֲŵɫ
Ȼٳʶϡôܣ
̲סһ
üϵλãȻһϿٳⲻǱϣ֮ƵʶҪ֮һ־֮صĸ


361 񺣾ھ
ʶϣڴֱǰһѿ٣򱻳֮ΪܡʮֹǿȵȣʶϣܵķΧ֮ڡ
ǰܱʶϣֻӦϣϣϣϵȵȡȻʶϣȴǲʶϣֻ˵ʶϷķ֦ϡһ̶ϣʮͨΰ
Ǳ죬һɱ䡣
ھϣ˵һֱ֡
ΣԼҲ޷׷ֱ
Կ϶ľѾתɶص֮֮ȵȣھı֡һɱ䡣Ǵľ
ȴչ¶ǿ
ʶȴǴľ
Ҫʿڴﵽһ̶ȣһľ󣬲пƾ꣬־ֱƿ򿪵ϣʶϣеϣȴһҪĵرƾ־򿪵ϡһԣΪﵽһ̶ȣǿһ־˵ĵز
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ʶϵĺô̫ˣȱ翵ľʶۣһܹоķʽĲ˵һ۵£ָܲͨ
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ǿ󣬽۳꣬ĺô͸Ӿ޴
˿̣еҲ׳ԺС
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ֻλáһƬɫĺ󡣵Ȼ˵ǺʵҲһˮضѡΧһɫȻˮУǾһۿĵľֻЩ̬ľˣǿԴõľ
һʶϡ
ֻʶϿ٣ܳش澫Ŀ
ϣʶϣԭ翵ľȴоĿơƿؾáҸо궼õָо
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ңԿǹֱ֮ԺУ뵽ʶУȥʱһԴԴϵƾٶȷǳˡ
ÿ䣬ܿµľ
һǿҵĳʵ֮иԺС
þ˵ĻҺ⹦Ч޷ֵ̫ˡǿԸ赾־䡣һһǿҵ𺳸С
Ƭ̼䣬ͿڿٳʶȻѾһɫľ⡣Ҳ޷ܡ
ʶҪ˵СзԲɴСҪظľĻɣõİ취ýɫʶܻɵδ֪Źȥ
ʶϸոտ٣϶ֳһֲȶ״̬ٴŵĻпܻʶĳֲõӰ졣
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ķʱ䣬۵̣պ
䣡

֪Уһöڹ۳
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ת֮䣬ɱ䡣
ڻأһְãʵ״̬ݳһʸУٲԭáͬʱ³ҲøУһԭûеϢ
ٴμ٣ɸеĸоȴøǿ
ʮǧö绯Сɡ񺣾ڰء
ɱ䣬Ըоġ
صĸӦøԪٶȸ졣
绯ת

ʱֻ̾ڻ绯еͻȻĿ⿴һſھһڡ
ˢ
һ̣ʱͿһɵĻ֮Ȼӱб˳ȪڵĻ绯ؿϯ
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ֱ֮绯УУݳޱ˷ܵƺǧ˷ܵĺض𶯡ʵĻأȻ䱻֮ǣһĻɢݳɵģ˸оһ䡣
ƺ棬ָܿڴΡ
˲Ϣ䣬ڻ绯أѾ۳ʵʡ
Ϊʵ塣
أ·ɲǼ䣬ӵ˱Դõɱ䣬黯ʵɢĻϢޱŨıú˫
֮鳲㣬绯С˲Ϣ񺣾ͱÿյһ˿˿֮һ̣糱ˮ㸲񺣣ǳ֮Уǳ֮⣬񺣰Χ棬񺣣ͺǴڻ֮Сǻ磬ޡ
δ𣡣
Уɫķڲ˸ͬһĻȻ䣬һλɫҺֱӴӻи֣˳ȪۣС
ǵҺڣƺܸܵŨ֮ƺܿһ̾Сɢѹ֮ǰ֪Ũ١
Һ۳Һ۳ʵʡǡ񺣾ھء
һ̣Ҳһ˿𺳡


362 纣
һУ۳ûأ񺣾أѾлзȫ۳ʵԵĻأѾĻأǿ񺣾ڰءھأȴؼġ
ΪҪ뽫۳ʵ״̬Ҫ۱Դ
ʲôǱԴǾıԴʵıԴ
һɣضʣǱĬĸı䡣
磬ԵĹҲǻԣڴﵽڰغ󣬾Ҫ۱ԴⱾԴ֮ǰص
磬ɷ֮أȡɷ֮뻯Уأͻ˶ɱ䣬õԴɻԵĻأлԵϢϡ
˵һɻصɱ䣬ѾԺĵ·춨յĸҪĵĻ൱ѡ
Уˮ֮Դˮ֮ԪأҲ֮أһѾĵ·
Ҫڻ뱾ԴѣһЩĵرûԴʵȷһ̡ʲôȻõľʲô
Ѱҵɷ֮أͬмȡԵԪأûɱ䣬۱ԴԵľʯԵľʯǸĵر챦ȵȣԸ豾Դ֮ɱ䡣
ѶȲ
豾ԴĶƷףȴζǿֻͨԪеĶͳĻرԴȻҲͺͨϵȵĵر豾ԴԴͻøǿ󡣽ĺô
ңеҩһ裬ܹӦҪıԴ֮Ժƽȵһ̡
Ϊһף
ɱ䣬۱ԴḶ́Ҳζţı񺣡޾һ㡣
Ի֮ĻأĽһƬ𺣣˵ıɻ𺣣˵񺣣ŻĵȾɻ֮طãʵĲ֣ԭٳ񺣣ãȴɱĸŲŵĸ
ǵ

ȻֱԺеĻ֮Դ͵ĵǻ纣
а𾪡
纣籾ԴΪ֮ĸ⼸ʣκԵĹûκι˼ɡ纣ҪԴҲԶʿ
һԵĹ̡
һελɫҺУβ룬ԴԴϡ
Ƭ̼䣬Ѿиֳһ㾧ӨҺ塣
񺣾أ͵ΪԪѾϾʵԪ񺣾ԲϾǿϣӳաʵ򣬶񺣾Ѿٳϵʿ˵һ񺣾ھغ󣬾ѾͻϾҪͻƾ磬ֻһ֮顣ֻӳյĹ̶ѡ
Ͼʵһѽ綨ľ硣
ͨʵٳϣûжϵԸ⣬ȫһϣһؾﵽ£Ҳܲصΰ
˵ϾǿΪϾڵѾɱԪԪ߶ϣ߶ʱĶࡣȻսǿ󣬾̫࣬ô׽綨ģɱϣ£ɱͼҲδزܡ
ܽ綨ľ磬ǳԪ
纣ָо֮ϵ˲ͱøԪǿκԪһĹ̡
һиֳһ˿䡣񺣾أֱӽ񺣾ھأǿɱ䣬Ķݳ֮С
ʮǿң
˿ѹеĺٿѾɱɵĻ绯أ΢΢ҡͷûж⣬Ͼ纣飬ԣԲǻ¡
ѾҪģһԪǲȥֻۣʱԽȻ۾ԽӵӴԪԽ񡣱ս͸ǿ
񺣾һУ˵Ѿ۵Ľ׶Ρ
˵ȫԲ״̬һ顣
ڵԪκʱ򣬶ԻֻۡҪͻǿ
񺣾ھأʶϡ۾û뵽ֻһλҺ˴ɱ䣬컯֮棬Ȼ˭ⴧġ
Ȼ̴ֹһ˿⣬ûȫƿصĸоսȴǶġ
ֿһϣʵԣһβС
ϣϣϣʳϣʶϣ֪УѾٳϡڿٳϵ˵ϾһѹûС
ˣ
⣬һںԺлص
飬Ŀ˲ԾĶ
棬Ѿˣ
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½ںϣȻ˶ʮһ͵ִȴ´ȻϢһһʧγһֻءǰһǸϲڵ磬ҲŲһ
Ը̾һ
ǰβȣǾǸ
ԼӦ
һдͷʼ˶лᡣ˭ӱĿܡ
ԭȵؤҲܱɻʵۡ
ߵԺС
ԺڣѾһЩ䣬ȻɢݶڿƮɢ
ͤڣһӰ֮С
ʮָңһɽˮûйע⾳˳Уܵһľ
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Уܵһֶ˵˼Թľһ˿˼
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Ҳɵӿֳһֵ˼
֪ĸڹôǷ񻹰ȫǷ񻹻š
̣֪йôΪֵһΣ᲻ܵ۸Ժвɵĸֳһ棬Ӱӿ֡
ܹ˼֮ġ
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ǰֽǰĽڻС
ϴһӲ漴ͱ
״磡

Ѽڸ񣬸㰲ԸΪҵôбżˣл³һ
֪Ϊʲôһ̣ҪǰĽ
УһģϾ֮٣ָ
໥οģֻµˣѡµļͥ
˼ˣҵˣܴص磬Ըһңһµļҡһǵļҡ


363 
Ը⣡
¶һĨԵЦݣӦУһּᶨ
ǺãѡһӣϰһϯӴ֮ɷҵޣҲӿֳһů⡣
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ϸֳһ˿ߡ
ֱӦ˫ĸڵǰеɬ֪
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뵽ľɫŮҪ˶þҪΪԼӣҲɵһȣܱһ˯ָоˣ޷׵ƽ
ˣ¹ﲻڼôʱˮڵƻѾԭϵȴҪûа취
һתͻȻ˵
ȥλ¹ȷʵӢˣüһֶʣ˿һۣͻ᲻ɵ̵ӡ
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УȻΪ֮Ĺϵϣߵܵأȴû໥ģĶһλѶûС
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ò˵УŮѹǿҵϣˮƻָĲ࣬ԭɽկУһֱûϵĶԱȣ֮һ۾ܿĳ
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ҽȥ¹ϵƣҪȻѣҪƷ޲챦Ⱦ˶ԣһЩ䱦ҲС¶ѡ
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룡
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վڴǰһ䣬һֱӳŴŮ̽ȥڡ˲͸оϴݳһ֮ڣƺͬвһƺʶ
ô
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ͬʱóһֻ룬УˮӨľˮɢӯӯ¹⣬Եʮ졣ִӺ«еһλҺֻλҺڰֱָһ룬ֻаγеȥ
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һУҺУ漴Ϳڣɢ¹ľˮһȾɵĽɫɢ㣬ŵ־Ĵʮ졣
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һ룬ˮλҺˮƣǵĹЧҺ׳ıҩںһ𣬾̲꣬ǵЧιŮȥϵӦÿѸٻָ
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лѣ
ֹסֳһ˿ϲСĽҩУ˫ֶڲһڴ뼤ġ
첽ߵǰĽŮӷ뿿ߡ
˵Ҳ֣·ɢǻУҲǱܵſͣеҺһڽһڵĺȥ

ʱڼƳһ˽ڸŮιҩΣ¶ʡ
µιҩȵȵ˵ֻϵˣһ뻯ҺȥӦûܿѡеȻһЦ
Һ棬ȻǾϡͣõֻǰΣеĹЧޱȾ޴ģʮ־ˡ޸ˣӦò⡣
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֣ԣֶŮز֮࣬ضԷ׻ڷҩֻҪȴɡڼҲͷͬ
ҲһͬǰȥͲͣûθھܾȻҪۿŮѣķ
뿪䣬Ѿ׼͡
üڼ˶ûгԷһԹǰ


ԿѾ½վˡһеȫִͨеĸѩҶ֪³Ҳִ棬֡
˴˽̸Цϡ
нУʱһ
ֱλãһ϶
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׵ͷ˵νдǰ£һ˽һиչΡζԾƽи¡ʺľϵ£˵һ
ƸҪеһĸҪȥȴǸش


364 
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һûбҪϾӵ࣬ǽǰĳϵԸõİѿء
ڲУӵѾڷӣЩ죬ξӣѾﵽ֮࣬صĹƣеľӣпܴﵽʮ֮ࡣ
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嵱ǰվм䣬
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һʱ䣬ڴУһһϵԵĽ飬ҲȷҪƶµľƣһ㣬տ϶ġҪûа취ͳһ
вûв죬ֻǾţǵĽ飬ǵ˼롣ԼԺУϵһټԼѾеĴſܡ
֪УƵĿѾԺС
ǰľǲȡġǲȫú˵ںڣֽֽģͷֱ治ЩʲôƷġ
ȥͷƤ顣һͷΡ
ȫһ㡣ƶˣ벻Ҷѡ
ӵȶһеĸ
ӾƣԽԽãְΪһ塣ĻǾͿ
һ˿⣬Զ


365 Ʒ
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Ƴ忴Уѯʵ
ҿѾгգӦ·ءԸۡڼЦſ˵Ŀ⣬ƺܶġ
ڣ˵ҲɵĸһȫĿ⿴С
λ˵飬ȷʵЩ뷨ȻҪҾ˵һ˵ҪʲôԣҶ˼棬һ©ȱ׵ͷҲûе͵׾ʲôġ
ſھ˵ȻѾ̤֮·˶ѾѷףʿǰԣڵǣѾ˵ˣͨг˵սȻˣҴ㽫ȷΪƷơ
ΪƷƣ
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Ʒ׷־Ʒְ֮𣬾ΣƷ֮ڡһ
ԸꡣƳҲڴ˵
Ҵ㽫Ʒ׷Ϊ뽫Ϊ콫Ʒ콫ĿһȻ˵
νƷν콫
ڼĿһſѯʵ
Ʒɵ͵ߣΪһƷƷһƷΪͨʿͨʿΪﵽ񺣾һףΪʿһƷΣְһƷҪƷΪ磬ﵽ񺣾Ȫһסѫﵽ׼Ϊѫﵽſɽκһδﵽܽ
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ƷƣҪʩУңԽԽá
ܼбǿ֮ġȶġϰղξ֮ġ
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ᵽѾʼһºȻ뿪ϣжݳ𺳡ǸովͲһйδĴ¡
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һ˿ȤҲӿֳһ˿ɡ
ȻڻҺţûǰлЩûеסȻ֤⻯Һȷʵޱȡ
ؼǣ¹ܸȤ
֪ǲǴ˵еλŮӡдһ˿ڴ૵
ߣȥ
ƶŲźԺͷȥ
ԭǹӢãԺǽƾͿԣ֮ǰһˣڣԺҲһ˵졣
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һĻ
Ȼǿ󣬲ҲߣȴܹͨٱǿֻҪŽ壬Ҳǡ
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366 ¹Ӣ
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Ů򿪷ţеæÿ
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߽ӰЦ˵Ӣãһλ֮Ҳǽѵˣ״硣״ͺá¹ӢһλüŮӡ
ſڼ䣬Ҳк¹Ӣܡ
ȻҲֻܵ˽Ůӡ
аԳȷǰŮӵݡҲһꡣ
¹Ӣ״硣ѹл״ҩҪȻֻ¹ӢλԶ˯ȥѣͬˡ
¹ӢҲԵĳ΢΢һ񣬿ڰݼ
ⲻӦе컯㸸׽¼կǨƵУȡ֮ǰ˵ҲֻһʽסҪ˵лһ浱𡣡
Ц˵
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Уü䣬ȻɢһӢ˿ûŮӵӢ˲
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оԼָˣң֮ǰãϵˣ޸пܣ궼εĹø׳ֹ
ָоǰδеĺá
ǾͺãɫãѾҪ磬ȳԷȻһһߣһ¡ҲϤϵһЩţ򲻻ʧпɫЦŷ롣
˾ͷ״硣
¹ӢԸֱˬŴŮûеĹϡԥľʹӦ
УҲǰͷԳƬ½֮޹ǿȴ󲿷嶼Ҫǿ̫࣬Щǰֻбɱķݣ¼կһʼɽկд󲿷ּҵ׶ڣҲûа취Щ޿⣬£գҲֻܸıϣӶÿ춼ʧ٣ץߡ
ҪĻУһƬǿĻҵ̫ƽʱڵЩӢţ֪Ҫǿ϶ٱѣ졣ӣӢۺܡ
жеĺ֮ȻȻ

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ְΪһ塣Ʒ׾ȫʵʵľְָı䣬ʵ̫ˡô᲻ִӡĿ𡣡
һȫõĽ֮·ֻҪŬʵ㹻ܹһ·ǳΪΪ콫ǾǳͶءھУǲ˹ܵġξܳΪǿߡ
˵ˣͨΪ빦ѫҪӾƷһ콫ҪΪѫҪ֮ܡû֮ܣǾֻܽһսƷеλȴͳ֮ܵģΪһ콫콫սͳ֮ȨսսͽȿԲ谭нֿѡ˲šƷƣʵ̫ˣ̫ʺƽ
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ͳ֮ܵˣԳΪ콫ͳսǿľӣȻûͳΪսս콫ߣԸ֮սͬһ·˾ְˣǿĵĽ֮·Ҳǿ֮·ƶڣеľʵ϶ʱڣٱǡ
կУһЩȺǸ߾˽ܡ
ڹۿʾҲɰ𺳡
ԤõΪ˽Ϊ˱ǿΪǿߣӵݵλеľˣԻƴǿɱҲƴȥ˲ɱ׬ȡѫľӣսǾһȺ޷赲Ļ֮Ϊ˹ѫԻ˿־塣
կǰԵһ
еľƸ¸е𺳡
Ʒƣ֮Уνһ
֪ƷƣҪģ£Բô׵ġһʵڶδؾʺЩկ㹻ľƹ־ô
Уܱ֤־ܹ˳ִȥô
ͳƣܷ֤ƽЩҪƷƾͻ᳹ױܹʩȥΪ켮ڡǱ֤ƽ


367 
һڣƷƣǾԲʵʩȥҪȻǾԼԣĳ̶ֳϣиһĴڣǿԹƽͳƹѫֶηǲܸƾƷƣǸƣҲпһĪ
ŻԥĽƷľ֮Ȼչ¶
һ㶼»ᱻϮԡ
ֱͣӹԡ
ƷƵĳ֣аյĴ̼ǼΪ޴ġ
ξٴαǡ

կˣһ壬һЩʿܵĴƷУܵԾӵǿҪʩȥңȡóɾͺ⽫ͨľӣǴ˵е콫ʿҪǿѹɨķ
һƷƣлǺôǣҲҪúÿһ¸֮Ĺϵˡʵڲ֮ϡ
һ࣬ƤĸߴӿŸͷʾʱҲ¶һ˿֮ɫǿţ
һɹʩȥɵӰжǿ֮
бҪ壬˵Ǹùϵڵ磬ʵ̫Σˣе࣬κһǾ޴ʧ
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ңǣЩ߲ˣϹĴСԶԭȱҪ޴㿴һײܳһ˸ܿͨӳһ꺢ͯЦɼ׸ߡ
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ǰһ˽лǾζţִ׽ûѵķ˿áҪõʲôͱ븶ӦĴͶУȾҪ׼һĻҡȶ֡ʱƶǿῪʼ
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ڹŴЩһĸ˰пһǧ򶼲
ֻϣʮнͨǼկڡһǧöҲ㹻֧תҪ֪ҿɲѰҡ
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˵ԺҶٵõʳˣҪӣֻܿԼ˫ȥ׬ȡ
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369 ˽
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һƬʾֱӳڰС
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һţһüɫ裬ʮ˷ܡֽƷȻɣ֮Уʲôã׬ǮƣҲŪǰһá
ڵȵһ죬˽ƿţ˿ıȡվ֮ˣǿʵܹ֤аȫȻ޹ޱѪ棬ֱӻɱݸ޷Խױħɱ
аȫ
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пеҡǮȻԿҡǮѾ׸ߣ֦øӴ׳޳˸ŽɫɫĹâУԿһööѩ׵ƾճ֣ҡǮϡשߡ

΢΢һҡǮϣܿһööѾɱɽɫҴϵײһ𣬷ڵϣѻɽѾ»𾫴ԪԼͨ
µģаɫͺɫӣһööһ鱦
ԸٶȺÿ죬֮ǰҪֹӦǻʼͨĺô
ǰʮգÿ۳ǧöԸ飬ǧöħ顣һ˵ǧöԸħ顣ôʵ̫ˡ
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ħڣȫĴȻԸ飬ȫɳǡ
ܼԸ飬еϣԥ
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370 
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οԼԼˣⲻҪġ
Ҫɱɱ壬ɱޡ
˼䣬ѾɹǧɽˮԽƬ
ڲУжԼоһµݷƺĳֿµ޹ڽȴû
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371 
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ǻУǲ֮ɫ
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һҪǴ²ҾͿ޸㿴ı顣
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ҪȮҪȮ
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ûгɣٴ̤ڽϣУ߸ģͬ޴ޱȵķ䣬絹Ϊ⣬ƿնȥɽʧ

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ԺеѶϢͼеϲֻ࣬ϣȴǸϣҲǺϣڡ쾭ϡ
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ֱӹܳһܹͨͨԪԪ
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ͨ״ͨԴ֮ͨȻٲıԴž޴ĺô
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ϱԴͶӰգɢǹǵϣǷԪУԪڶ̺ϣԪŷɱ䡣ɱʹͨͨӱʹңԪеأԪİؾС
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ⶫģУֵǮֲǷͳȥҲǻʱѣҪǴȥ¹ӢϴŵƷ޼ƷͳȥģɾһӴȥˣǴĺôһƷܱȵ˵ġ
⣬ƷǾҪǮǮ壬⡣˵Уǵݾǹ˿ͣǿˣûݣǶ٣Ƕ١򳤣Ҫ򡣡
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ѻ칷̻ʣֻ۾
ֻϳë¶һ鹷ƤʲôǹĹȻҲҳЦֱ̡̣еı䣬øŨ
붼룬ڵĳһһȣ޾ĺѩ糱ˮϯΪ籩̻ʡ
ʲôһоûУǺܱˬġ̥ӱ̫ˣҪҽ𣬱ΪôֺңҾͻŹ㡣
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ǺѩۿɼٶڣΪУһ̻øʢһɲǼ䣬ͽѩȼΪ档
µǣ̻У̺һ˿
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һɫĻ棬﷢ë

ѻ칷Ŀϯɫ棬ƽһ붼룬ſھͳ̹ȥ
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칷ʳ£칷ĸѪͨû̳µĿֲͨ棬ǿһ̵


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֪Ϊʲôѻ칷ͻȻԼıЩң޷ܵ֡Ҫǿҳ嶯
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385  ħ
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ߣ̻үүǰţ޻굤̻үүıǸǣΪֻڹˣû뵽ǸڹųΪëǰɡһëûСһֻڹҲ֪ʱҪɺˡ˻á
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ʩʩȻ˲߻գ޻굤⣬ŵҩͷ˳ˮڲϵ
Ȼ̻һݵģȴĳ̻ЩëЩƺ֮ǰɱʩչͨʲôģ˵ȫ޹˼ɡ
Щ˵ʵ򣬴̻ʸѻ칷ɱһ𣬵ʱһӶѾѻ칷䣬˿ûжǰ޳κӰ졣
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Կһֻ޴ޱȵ֩޳С
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386 滷
ħ벻ͨޣ߼ޣңһ綾ļһҪɱͬУѷ֣ײе£ǰֻì͸սìһǺɨ˷޶޷ֵסΧܣһΪǰ䡣
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̤ڵϣ涼𶯡ⲻͨ㣬еߣԲΪʳУνǴ˵һ֡
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Է˵ٶ뵽սСѩƣͬڲһεĵ⻯Ϊ˲ͽңңƺֱóָ
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һУɫͬʱǡµನΪˣӲ顣ļǳɫ£ǿл
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ոһֻһʼ̽ѡ
ˢ
һ䣬׹սǹϡ

ָһɣս׷°㳯ųɫԳ࣬ͬʱȥ
һΣսٶȸ죬̺ļǿ
ƿѾǰ
ɫԳȴӦˣ㣬ա

ҺУսȻٴαض
𣡣
ɫԳбŭױһֱ֮ǡͻȻ俪ʼ˵ֱԾһʮɽɣֱɱ


387 ׻ݺ
ܿɫԳԾ䣬ɫĻ棬ðͬһ޴Ļ򣬻Ƴգ֮һֻҪǰ棬ͻֱӱײǽȼĲҽӲճɻҽУ̺ǿϣһС
һħҪپ
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֮ˣóǽϺܶյɫЩ԰ףԵüΪѿһŭ𣬸𶯷ƣɷƷؾۡ
ܶ񺣾ʿɫԳǰܸܵһֽϢѹ

һĨɫ
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ΪһʮɴСľ޴׻£Ũɷɷ˺գŤռ䡣
ͬһħ˲ڳɫԳǰצһӣԳһצ˺ѹȥ

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øɫԳҲ򵥣ܵ԰׻ϵϢ붼룬ϳɫǣ򣬳׻ΪһƬ𺣣Ҫ׻һճɻҽΪСǳŰ׻Ķ͵ͱ˽ȥ
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ͷ˵飬кܶŮӣԷĹæ


392 ˹
ݵĽʿգòͣ˹ܱٶȳꡣȻ滻ڷصĵ֡
ҵڳǽѲӣѾ
ݵĽʿղûп˵
򿪷УӣѸٳڵ࣬׷ȣԽһȻӿֳݵѪУһƣͣɢ󲿷֡ľ񣬶Ϊ֮һ
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һƿգʱһɫİ׹սѾΪһ貵Ľ⣬㻮ƳգŸ˹۾λȥһУ⣬ǹ̺׷ӵ¡ǣ׽һͳڸ˹ǰ
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״磬ǽעҪһѼ޺޾塣
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Ѫϣһ˿
ǳ°ݡȴʼû顣


394 ֮
β̺ԽԽ٣ϵļܻذôѪǰϱĥѪһ󰵵Ϳʼָݵڲϵ»ָβͣȥ˻ȥ
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Ҫ֧Ѫ磬ȾҪѪβһ𣬻Ϊǽ㣬֧ѪתģѪǵȻԪƽʱǿƾɵԪҲ֧ŶʮСʱԴԴϵת
ҪֵܵͬʱѪĵἱӡһľѪȻᱻƣһֱַǿ˺Ѫ硣Ҫޱǿΰп֮ܽơѪ磬ѪԽԽ޴䱾Խǿ͸Ӽ͡
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ǽϣĿѪĴڣһʿգɵȸԾڣܲѡ
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˹һĨ壬ŵǰѪ磬׹糱Ϊֻϣȴû뵽һȺϣȴֵܵסԼĹ˵һơǣ޻굤ѪС
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ֻѪϣԿѪѪɫâðһ֣УкԪԴԴϵĹעǽ֮С

˹һ޹󣬶ʱױŭſڼ䣬һһŴϢĻ棬һӰ㣬ĳѪϯ֮أΪһƬ𺣡УݳǺǵζУŻ𣬴ŷһеĿµϡ
궼ƺҪֻо־塣
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ðԵĻ棬ȥѪ綼סáҪ취˹׻ɱȻرʧԹز
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裡
ûκԥһͨѾʩչ
һڰɫƾճաϣĿã渡ֳһƬ

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һֻܿһɫεۻء
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˹ڰܵĸоһǿв붼룬ſھͳźڰһųҵĵҪֱճɻҽΪޡ
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ۣ
ܿ˿ϣųһ貵⣬У̺ž˵ΰ޾һС
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˹лͻȻɢţͿһͬһߣ⣬ӿֱУɢԵϢ
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ңˣϾͿԿڸ˹ϵһֻֻϣ׵ķһ⣬ţһա
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꣡
˹һתϱĻ⣬˲תѪȥ
ÿһܶأɽ塣

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һڰɫĹž˲両֡
һڣһס
ڰױá
ֻУһɫƥȥŸ˹ȥ
ٶȼ죬Ը˹ͣͱòˡӲͱס
ΰԿܵġ
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飡
˹£ȴ·Ӱ죬ββбһ⣬񱩵Ļڰнֱ顣


395 
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תۼͽЩ˼ų⡣Ҫģǽͷ˹ɱһ㣬κ鶼ҪĸҪ
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ЩǰһȣǾͳױòֵһᣬϹ۾ܿĳһָʺϳΪҡ
첻ףҪĵر࣬ʮѵãͨĲ϶ľʯټ϶ؽƣ䱦絤ҩһΪ֮ĻȻ̫࣬Ѿֻ֮ҪгĲϣͿԴԴ졣ҪĳȻṩһֻ̫ࡣ
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ѵ¿һѽӲӵңôǰҲ¶ԵĻϲ֮ɫ̾һһ־ͽ
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ͨУ߱ǲؾѾӵеģռġ
ЩҪңһﵽǧöҵ֡
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пٴκˬĸӦңûнۣЩ۸пЩߡû̫⡣
֪ʶ½УУ֪ʶ޼۵ġõͿԴ츣
ս伮һʮ߱СߵֹӰѵٴЦóһսص䡣
ЩֻҪǲؾûеģҲĵóʵң֮ȫһԥûС
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ʲô
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СĵԪѩΪ׵ҩⶾָơĵܴȹľԪǿΪѩΪҲˡǼΪĵҩ
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׵ǧöңؽ׵öҡ׵۸͸󣬲ǰЩ̫ĵҩ׵һţһǧöҡ
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ȻⲢܷϵ
ûеҪƾԼȥоķѵĲϣӴ󣬶ңһоĵ
ֳɵĵȻûɾܾҪ
ʽ׺ѵЦ˵λѣ׵ıȫҿۿк̸۸񡣱֤ͯۡ
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Ҳһһ߹ۿ
УϷŵƷ˵ǧٹ֣治С
磬ѰĴףʳ֣ճƷưʲôģЩҲСиָƷ
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ʲô֮УŷͬһĵλһϵޣǴŲΥ
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ȴ˵ǰһöֳ࣬Ҳ൱޴ġ
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Ҳƽ׵ļһôˡһһֻҷһʺơȻֻ꣬ڵѪȴ൱ߣѪ
ǿģΣۣǡǡۡһһֿҪ׵ϲĻȫһ⡣Ʒһʲôζ
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һϢƷǰ
Σۣǵȵȣһһǰ
⣬ĻȻܴ޵ҳԹһûгԹ֪⿳ʳֻжôζ
вĸֳһ˼ʳϸѾʼЩȲ޲ʹĳһ٣Ʒʲôζ
ܳԵ⣬ڳԻ˵Կܵջ
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¹ӢһСе⣬ǿı棬ȻȻɢһ㾧Өı⡣ҪںڰУ¿Եǵ
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һʬ壬Ļᣬָ֪ڵĲΣǲҪȥ顣˾Եøѵá

ʲô۸񣿡һǿȶ񣬳ѯʵ
֪ҪЩ֡ѵЦݸӲá
֮ģۣǣǣƤ⣬ۣҶҪҪ͸áк˵
ѻǳֲ
ѵҲɱеĴֱŪһզࡣÿһλҪһ㶼Ź
ʲô۸񡣡
̺̺֮ѪԶطŴڣǱǣøǿи죬ڶȡѪһöл̺һ˿طֲڣ֮࣬á۸ɲ͡Ҫʮöҡѵһ˵
Ȼֻһ㶼ѷɫ
ϡΪبŲ
ãҪˡ
кĹ˵
־óʮңһʱȡö̺֮ĵԲսУ³κ⡣
ٶ֮죬ѵ¶оһ⡣
ۣȻ۵ƷײǺܸߣɼޱȣ޷ƿϵȱġÿһƬҪǧöҡ۵ĻһƬҪһöҡ
ѵٴ˵
ͨҪһöҪʮöг˵
һʮöҡѵЦԵޱȲáһʾ˵ջ
ǣʬģ׵ޱǮǶ׬һ
ҪˡٴιϵĴӦһֽǮһֽһֱͽС
Ƹ෨սϵȱģޱȣܾܳ޴һһöң㿴Ρѵٴγ˵
Ҫʮףٴóʮöҡȡʮ
̺֮ޱȣһǣһöҡ
Ҫʮǡ
ٴθʮöҺ󣬵õʮǡУ̺һ˿ײ䣬
ƤǣۣһʮķΧɽס
ò˵ϣһ⣬ǼֵǣһҪһöҵļ۸ΪϡʳӲһ
зɨٶǲŮҲ¶һ˿֮ɫǶѻɽҳǰһδɽ׵Ļ棬Ҳʮ𺳡
壬壬Ҳ˲Ҫ֡
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401 ޳
Ŀѵ½ϵĽĻ档
¹ӢһĿɿڴȻѾΪʿҲ֪½ϣ̫̫壬֮࣬塣Ĵڣ֣ӡµĴ˵̡̫ھǰ壬ⶼ۽Ƶġ
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ֱִʵĽףһּΪ𺳵顣
˭Լ򣬼ʮϰҵĽ׶޶Եġ
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ʽףҲǰһеĸֹؼƷڵϣҪĵرѾɴ룬ʣģȱҲʲô£ѼҲƷ̫Ӱ졣
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׼Ʒε챦ֵƣңʮѣԵ컯ȱһɣ۸ĻȻͣһöǵҪöҡ㿴Ρ
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ҪѪʯ֪ҪҪѪʱѪʯĵطһѪڣѪػһѪǼΪҩڴҩƷ
ѵ۾дһǰ
ָһֻԲſڽܣԲһʮصıֶΣĤݣ򣬲γƺԣһֽˮĸˮ³ݡݾݣݺ棬³Ƭ̼䣬ͻԼ۳һööСС͸ӣ͸ӺҪƷ󣬾ͻὫƷȥпռ䣬ֻҪƷʮ־޴󣬱ȥֻȭͷС
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ǣһԵģŽȥȡֱֻӱˣĭһΪУɢΡһֺصı
ǣˮĸ͸ǳԷˮĸµһɣÿ춼³һЩһ㶼㲻ֻҪҵˮĸԴԴϵĵõһԵģ֮ǿġ
ѵָСȻԿһޱȣͬѪһ޵ѪôǰѪɫ˸ƺܸܵһǿҵ̺ž
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ѪҪңǷӡУҲ빺򼸿šпѯʵ
ѪƷѾﵽؽƷ۸ȻΪ󣬲ۣʮöҡӵĻȷʵмţһǧöһš
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ѪѪӣһõУͱһʱŽУУܣȥ˵
ŵֵĸҩģףҩӣŵٶҲӣɢҩԣڵϣţž޴档
ҩĴ죬Ҳ൱
ҲκξѵϵˣһȫԼ԰㹻ҩؼǡϴﵽһ̶ȣ۴ҩɢҩԣһ𣬲ܴ߶ţ컯һöٲݵٲݵΪתһﵽתǾȴ˵еľת𵤶ѷɫ졣
ԵΪ¯ٲݱҩΪҩΪ¯컯Ϊİٲݵɵ֮СңûκʣһǾԵʮɵ
ǵϵ֮
ȻҪٲݵҪõУֺҩ۰ٲҩԡ
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Ǯƶѣ֮ܵõҪĶҪġ
ʲôҩӣҩóɡֻҪʣҾ򡣡
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ĺͣѵܾЦ۾ѾˡԥΪнҩһֹ˲°ֵûеҩģҩԻƽΪ׵ϡ٣ָһ֧
֪УѾ̨λá
̨͸ġͬǰĲչ
ƷָÿһǷֿڷţ棬ȴĿáܷģǵƷ
ڹ̨еģĳЩʱռһЩ챦ص֮ÿһǼΪ졣Ǳңʮϡѵãκһ޼֮
ѵ̨ǰԺ˵
Щ챦֮
κһ鱦ǸӲ˼ľ硣
һʲôһ
еĿȾһǽ챦ϡǽҲЩ죬ȻֳһѪɫɫɫʣܿѪͬһ
϶ãɢĵϢ
һǽ챦Ϊ޳в˼ֻ޶սǿ޲ɱսеĹܲпᣬһȥֻһ뿪޳ʧܵһֻûеڶ
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402 
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֮ͬˣһʿʤ޵Ѫ֮ҲữΪһѪ֮⣬ϴѪ׳ǿΪܿٳɳ˵ʧȥһУʤ컯
Ŀ䣬ȥȡԵȡʵ
пһַ
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޳е޴ӺζѵҪȥץôҪιޣеѾٵɣԶԶ𲻵ĥսЧг˼ѯʵ
Ȼǣ޳Դһ죬ר޵Ķ죬棬ԲϷϢңŶ޳ɱ䣬ϱǿĴСҲ᲻ɱ䣬ţúޱҲ¡޷Žȥ޳ÿζѡʵޣ붷޳жսЩޣһʤʮΣͿֱӴӶ޳ȥѡ漴͵κ򡣻ָɡҲǶ޳Ĺ֮һ
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ɫ䣬ԵüΪȤò˵ʱ򣬶޳ʧΪһֿʵǿ󹤾ߡοвĿܡ
ÿζս󣬻ʤֻõһɵĻۣʣµľųɾͻᱻ޳ǲͷĲ֡
챦ͬо޴ռ䣬ֻǻƽ챦൱ڷεıֵȻͬնۡ޳Ҳ˵޳ʮöҡ
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챦Ȼ챦ԣֻһֻ̥ǿĽǱѡǱչǱܲҪδ浽ЩĲʡ챦ѾһǮƾܺġ
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챦أǰֻһɫĹͨɢһصĽתǧĲͨҶһƬƬһҶ죬˿棬ƯҲ档
Ǻɲͨ챦챦أҲһҲһ챦ѶϢ걦ܹɱ䣬ϣܳңͺǱĹӣ뱦Ϊһ壬ңЩܾиֲͬЧһޱ챦
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ȻܳıҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ֻ֪ܳ䣬ӣû˵ܳġôô¹ӢҲһ죬̸ܵƬصĲ֮ͬ
˵ֱӳֱӳ·±ܳĹҲǿԽܵġϾ֮治С˭֪Լж֪
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ͻȻָŹ̨һֻ֪ʲôľͷ̶ɵż˵żأ֫ԴȴûסǿհһƬɫࡣ
żҲһ챦ʿġ书Чʮ棬԰˵ȥһֽ٣ֵһң챦κٶֵܵһΣסһͬʱʱżֱӽ漴͵򡣿˵һ
Ƴκ٣ֵܵһǱɱˣתƵżȥһ˶У漴ͣΣ֮ء˵һԹ챦
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򵥣һöңĲϣѿһöͨ鱦ƶɣؼǣ˸صǹ⡣ƺһǺʡĪ⡣ޱȣƺҪɽȥʮ졣
һöʮ챦ǿηûйҲûбķȴһֺصĹЧǿ˲䣬Ԫϣֳһ̫顣㣬ķ漴ϵرңԶ򡣿Բͬķ顣ңⲢһԵ챦ֻʹһΣҪȴǧ󣬲ٴʹãÿΣʱ䲢ֻʱ䣬ͻɢȻع顣Ҳһ
ѵЦ˵
ʵ򣬴Ҳó챦⡣
ԶڣҪķǶ׾ٵġ͸Ǽһʳ֮ζ֮ϧϾô˵һ챦
ڿˣҲ˼Ҫⶫȥ
ⶫԲܳԣҲûʲôôƤ£ֱİ


403 Ҫ
ʿ˵ⶫԲܳԣܹܷȻ֮ҲֻķһЩѣʵǺộǼеļߡ
ͨʿпܱԭƣ޷ĳ򣬱Ͼؼ䣬ڵΣʵ̫ˣ˭֪ڻҰУжôµĿֲڡȥǾһ֡
ԣ½ޱߣںϣ򾿾ж󣬼ûܹ֪Ǵ˵еʥˣͨߣҲȫ֪̫ˣûκ˿ж󣬽ж㡣޾ÿʱỵ̈пţ׳µ
δ֪Σʵ̫ˡ
ʱΪһ㲻۵Ķ䡣
Ҫ磬һܶ˵ˣֻһݺᡣ֮ͬܣֻһСƬҲǺܶһӶ߲꣬߼ʵġ
ҲûбҪ߳ȥ½ʵ̫ˡ
ǿηãʵЩߡ
ΣҲֻһ˿Ԫ񣬷ʱޣֻһЩ򵥵ļŶѡѿʲôļֵ
챦챦ͨһ֣㿪ʲôļ۸񡣡
вûж¶̫ȤҲûоܾ
챦ֶõ£ȻŹκһ챦챦ǼߣûʲôĹЧ𲻵á
챦ȻȽͨҲ챦ʮöҡ
ѵ΢ûұ̫ߵļ۸ֻ˵һϲµļ۸
ãǿηҪˡ
׵ͷûԥʮöҲ࣬ҲһǧöԸ飬ҪǰȻǰ󣬵ڶԣÿ춼ѹγǧöԸ飬ħ顣ǮƶѣͨĺôˣԸ
֧ʲô챦
ʽ׺ٴνĿ챦ϡ
һοģһ֧ʣһ֧ͬɵʡԼ䣬ϣճһĵƣƺطƺܿвϻ
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Ʒʦ˵һõķʣǾǻƳϵȷ档
ӱ˵֧ʣֻǷʣд֣滭ȵȣǣһ챦ʡֻǻƽ챦ǲﵽ߲ʱȻø졣
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ܷϣսȷʵǼΪǿսɱҲܷϣЩսһԵĹңҪγɹģܾǿ룬սĻһöʮս׹սĻһöһǿΡ
ѵ۾˿˿ĹâЦ˵
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ѦҡͷЩսǲһԵսܷϣǵʮǿȵսǿвʿңҪƳҪʦƳսģս̷ģҪĲϣҪķѵľ൱޴ġҪκһסһöʮսһ׹ս۸̫ˡǸʿʹõı
һöңսöһ׹ս
Ѧ΢ЦŽԼļ۸˳
Ѧǰּۻۣе˶ĬȻ죬ѦɷӡϾѦˣȻ֪ν󻯡
οս׹սֻҪгĲϣҪж٣׾ͿƾܴӡӡûκʧܵĵҲռκʿʱ䣬ռݲ˶Դɱ΢һ˷ָĵز
ȻǶԣҪǳ۵ĻȻǼ۸ԽԽá
ĵλ˶Щ֮
У۸̫ˣҪô㣬ҿɾûʲôԡѵҡҡͷɣһöҰ˸սöĸ׹ս

Ѧ͸ѵչһǹսϵּۻۣӸַƷһƴҲ磬ָĲ֮ƴѹͼ۸ַּ֮࣬ɣǻƳǶĿɿڴĸо
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ѦЦǺǵĽˮ˿ϣʱ˿Ϸһɫ»˿ۿɼٶϣѪǵһʱֹס䡣˿ѾϣΣҪ˶ãܳ׻ָ˰̶С
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н׳׽ѵҲֳһ˿˿֮ɫ漴תһ־̾Уò˵ӪļΪǿ̾ˡȻó˶زңѾ˶ϵԭʼĹУ˵һǰéġûбǿġ
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һڴн䡣˿ʮӴ󣬷ΪˡˮУͬУˮ壬Ȼսʤ˲䡣
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ֻҪ׽ʵϾͿʼӦԡ
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405 
һ̣Զ˹Ȼңڽύ˷ԵһͲòԶһ顣ѹ˵Զأκεطͨ裬һЩ̲
Ŀ˿еľᣬԸ̾
ԵǽѵµģԶ˵ġǰ˳̣һ壬Ϊ̵һǾΪףµԵ̼Դ
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неľչҲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
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ңؼǣĴͿ൱ȫͬµһĴͼһ޶ûӦͬƷ
ͼʲôǴſӾ룬ȫͨԲܵҰɽֱͨ򵥷㣬ңӰȫױܿҰΣաһ˵ؼ䣬Ѿ⣬˶ϵһ
ͨ
ֲڸصϣһɢɳһ塣
ŴԵ·ͨһǳأ򣬿򣬶½뱣֤·ͨһΪѵ飬д󣬾ֱӱܿҰܿΣյ򣬶ңʱ롣дҪ޼֮
̺˼˷Եǵİ֮µԵ츣ߣԶ˵ԽԽࡣȻôࡣͨ˷
Ƴһ˿
ϲεõֻҪ˳Խ˽ܱ߷Բ֮أƿ֮УӪĺãԴһƬͰ򡣡
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ҪȥůķˣпܣҲϣʵ̣ڶ֮УǰǲͿġε޳һˣһͷλá
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綼Ҫһ·ֻڽʱǰѡ
⴫ҪҪĲϲɼ򵥣ңҪרƳ̡漰ַģַҪؼıġվûվҲҪʯ̿ʯȵȿռԵĵرĻվΪϣƳӦĴ󡣡
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ѵ´нȡĻԾΪս׹ս׹սǴЫսȵȣָıĹ򣬶ѻһ𣬼ҪңѾﵽһּΪ˵ĲΡ
Ҫ֧Ļ֮ǰлȥǮƣһӾҪת롣
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ȻĪޱóģȻȫһЩƷرմҵĹ⣬»òЩ
иֳһ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ûѡңѡȡȷѡ
׹սͼֻһѾֵ޼֮챦ͼǱǿһ֡ϧսܴġⶫУһֵֻ̣Ҫõ綼Դ
гһᣬϣȻŰ׹սĸ׭֡صľ֮еĹͼҪ󷨵ȵȡ
ҪһսҪָ˲ţģ󷨵ȵȣֻл۴˲ţſսսǿԷɵġа衣ս
׹սĴս³ĳһҲûʲôˡ
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׹սȣüĺôЦЦһ֣ǰâһȻԿǰģȻּƷ
һһء
һأоءؾͬһңȾҪ棬ܽ۶ԪΪһεεҺ۳Һ壬ءأһΪһǧͬ졣ܴҲǿڷΪ
ǿֱӷҺȵҩҲѷɫҪһЩ
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óЩƷûгɣţһָʱţΪһ⣬˲䳯㳡ȥңȥʱѸٱ󣬱ʮ׸ߡڵϣڵˡ


406 ţ
飡
ţأһɳƵĺʱ𣬾޴ϰУһ¶֮ɫоⲻһţһµĸħţ
صǣţص˲䣬ͷ·˹ؼ䣬һɹԪȻȻĳţڻ۹ȥԼ䣬һţ֮ſ죬ƺڳ¡
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һ챦ţȻ֪ʲôãܸо⸽һһǧԶƽ
ôţ϶֪죬ܳǾģϵ̣һδ
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˵УЩɣǽڶ츣֮ϣ츣أָľ̺ıأ棬ŨԶͨĵطǱǿıء
ҲдСǿ
Ĳ˵ԣԳƵ޼֮һеԪңܹͨڤڤе޾գȡɳһţõɱ䣬ܲӲ˼֮
ܹ츣޼֮
ţ򣬾ͽΪһʥءеϱء֪֧ŵǿߡ
ڼ׵ͷڿδ޷üֵ

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ȻԿһɫĹȻڵ£ͬʱ޴׳֦չ·գڸסƬһƬƬͬưҶ棬ڰҶĳ£ϵɹġ
ǹûг̫ߣȴҲزʮס޴ޱȵԾȻȻļȡԪУưҶƮɡ
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˲ǹô棬Ժ״ѼǾ;סϣǸɹһ¹ӢҲ¶һĽ֮ɫ
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ԵüΪɷɡ棬ж޳ܵĹۿϯλùֱӹۿ޳еĸ־档
ȻǺܴȴҲǺСͬŴĶ޳ɢҰѪȡ
ٴ챦ţԪ޳ڶ޳޲ɱᣬһʤԻȡһɵǿΪ̣޳Уɭϣһȥ̨ˣֻһλܻ뿪Ƿ붷޳ȫƾԸǿ󡣡
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ΣգЩ˲ԸȥðԸƽȵЩϣ뷨Ȼһۡ
Ѫǣɢ
Ȼ䣬Ѫշ˲룬βĳǽһչԶȥȻ£䣬Խɽ֣Զȥ
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ֻѪϣܿܶڵĳשѪɫ֣Եʮϡ٣ȴÿʱÿ̶ӡһ˿˿ĥ𣬱ѹһɱѪɫѪǵܷӵ¡øǿ
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״磬ǰ죬ԺѼô˰һһƬϼ˵
ǺǣͼֲˣлŮ׳˭Ц֮ǰս˵ĻҿĺǾȥһŵɡ
ЦǺǵ˵


408 Ч
ڣȴ׵߸֪
ˮϣԼûкķκĵرϿ֮ô׾ٵĿٳɹˣǴһ¶״̬½еġ
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һ㣬쾭пû
ֻ֮ôû뵽лı仯
ڿ쾭һϹһ˫֮ңв˼Ч˸˫ֻ֮Ϊ쾭ֵĸӰԵֱ컯֮飬κĵرҪκϿ֮ǿпٳϡ
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аԳ
ֲҪĵرҪصʵ̫졣
ѹ쾭쾭֮ƣؼϹ쾭֮Ȼ֮Ĳ˵ֻһ㣬Եֵ쾭֮쾭֮Ҫãϸ̽顣ò˵Ҷڡ쾭ĸǹǳԡ
аԸֳһͷ
ܾ쾭ʲô֮һԿ϶ǾվǸ޴ĺôô޷ġ
ˮϣƿˮˮˮƿأϣ͵ڶˮżǿ׽֮ˮԵķͨ°빦һǧؼˮ֮ԪԴԴ뵽УǿԴϡңԴ֮ǿѾӳա
˼˵
ϵĳ֣ɣսСƿصͨǿ
״磬ôоڵΪͻȻǡ񺣾أֻһ֮ң֮ǰҪøǿ
лУ¶Ĳϣһ˿졣ü䣬һ˿ٸķ飬һָؿڲϻȦȦĿȴ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ڸոգҲоһڣȻУԺ˵ٶȷǣķĶһööֱӷѣһöö÷ѾֱӴﵽ۳صĵزҲõøǿ
ЩƽʱһĻۡ
ûϵǺ¡ΪʵĸĶЦЦŲֱ۽˽
ϲԾĶһΡ
ⲻǶһŮ˵飬ǵڽһݳΡΣκ˶Ҫ縺ģеˣҲûʸͦǣˣǲӱܵģֻĬĬе
ҲΣӿֳһɸǿҵĶ־
Ϊ˱ģֻΪǰŮˣӣ;ԲκƻڵĴþ档Ǹ׼ˡȻ֪ʲôڵţ޷ǾǱˮڶѡֻҪһ½ҴͲŴһ֮ͨ·
ΣʱĲѹͬ޾Ķ
ֶԸ컻ء
Ҫ۳أܹҪһǧŰʮöġڵʱ۳ûأֻҪǧöġ󣬾ͻƣ֮ңҾ׼չءͻƾ˵׵ͷ˵
㻹ûб֪ҪʲôıҪ֤㹻ǱܹɳǳΪ̣챦ΪĲ˵챦ԣлв٣ֻҪкʵģαչأ˳ɱ
Ц˵
ѾԼŮˣԼӣȻΪϣûκأ챦ⶫóǿսҪġ
ѼҪһŹΪϣ۳ɻ٣ͨҲǱԹΪڹؼʱ̣ɻ뱾϶Ϊһ˲䱩ǣɱ
ûпӶУǾأԺ档ҪͷˡҪƷڼ䣬ûǰĹǡ
ɻ٣϶ԣһͨͨԻֻǿʵת
ֱͨںϵԺܶʿԣܽսӵ£ңͨñĳɳٶȱø죬Ҳ˵һĽݾеһʷ
ҪǹٵĻлһ٣ҵڴֱʱ׽һ챦֮ǰʵѾҪ͸㣬ҪһϲڿֱӸ㡣Ƴɱ
Цһ֡
ʱͿһŰɵٳǰƺֻһ̥Өɢ⣬ת£Ʒϲ
û֣ȴ챦ɱĵдɻڣȫɻ٣ɻ١
л
ٵĵһۣ̲סϲԥ˵
ٽӹḧϲ֮ɫ
Ǻǣ̣ʱ⣬ô˷ѡ
п¶ѩ壬ٴαûȣЦ˵һ־ͽӣһǱ˷

˵Уõջ񣬴ɨսĴɨսȴ˵Ӷһǧʿ˳ŵկٳĵ·һ·ǰС
;УҲܵһδ޵Ĺ
ֻǣЩʵ̫ǿֻҪᱻɱ
඼֮ǰ޳ɢޡ
Ǵھ֮УӵĶ֡
ۣ
һ貵ֻӶȻһЫսӲһţһ޴룬⣬ɢըԵ
ͷɢȴɢһ׺֮
С֮ȻڿѾﵽΪĵزͨޣ޷ڽϼغϡʱգȻ¡Ϊһս
ЦǺǵҡȣ
Ҳֻһѡˣǰǰ塣ڵ޳ӦöһĲ
ӶǱ¶һĨ΢Ц


409 
壬ԭȵִ򻥻ݻͨ׵Ĵկ
ز㣬Ѫʯ֬¶ǼΪƷ
ȻѪʯ֮ǰеõѪʯһƷ׵ĶеѪʯֻͨ͵ȵѪʯֻѪҺĳط۳ûоʱĴã׳ѪȻҲڿϣһѪʯٳϣ֪ȻӵƷסǱܵ޴Ӱ졣
õģ챦Ѫʯǲǿϵϳ˹屦
ˣһӵزҲǵ̲ס
ʱ䣬Щزǿǳִ󷽣״ʳ˵ǸʣսǹƷʻ۹ȥմģǰĿٷչ׳֮ǰ˵ѾﵽɴկɱĽޡ
ٳһ£Ǿ׵Ŀɱ
Ĵڣŷк󣬴棬ǼΪ޴ġΧկͨͨܵĺôõ档
ӦҲܵ޳ĲֲСˣʱǰȥůĴʱЦǺǵҡҡȣ˵
ǰȻ޳ɢܱɵ˿ɲС֪ͨѡͬ壬ӦչֳĲػ
ӶһЦȫ¶Ǽ񣬵ҲĴԡǰʱʱʱ̣ͺǰĿģҪܱ߰հپʳ
˵ůģůǾߣ鼱ˮܣͼ֮ǱĬʣȡġ
Ц˵
˵䣬Ѿ⡣
һۿȥ廹û˵
ΧһİγһƬ֡ڰֵвȻԿһƬǽǰǳǽҲأԭʱڵĳǽơڳǽϣľ岻֪ʲôɣܿһ໥󣬼һƬɫǽңɢһֱɫĹâ
ˮ֮Ũ
һǽǽݽ֯ɣޱȣǹ룬ңһƫˮԵɣȻܹ֡óǽǿķֵܵס棬ԵĹ𶼲ܽգ𡣿˵ѾƳǽһ㣬˼ĵ̲ͬһ㡣ȨдţǴկиˡ
վڳǽǰɫĳǽζ˵
޳ĳȻûжܵĳǽ̫ƻǱƵȱڣҲһ£ۿɼٶȴ֯һȱڲѸ޸һŵĳǽ
֪ĵ̲򵥡
ƿڰ׼Уǰ׼ҽ𣬰׼ҵļǰϥһһŮΪˣŮǰСڣ֮ǰϵģӰ˴ǰҲϤġŮСڣ˵ˣһļգʮ־տƵġ
˼˵
Ȼǰڸկ鱨Ҳų˽⡣
֪֪˲ܰսǾ
Ȼ֪ܲӲ֪óȻǰ
䣡
ǧʿĲףϱһս󣬱ϱЫսŰ׹սǹ˵Ѿȫ£װݡǽսԶսǿսһ·ϴҰǧ˴ӣһûʧ
ÿһ϶žþɳɱ֮󲽶ͬһµľޣȴǼΪµġ
ߺˣֹ˴ǰصء
ڳǽϣʿػĿһӴԶ쾯ӣͬʱſӶõ˿ڴȵ
ڳǽϣƹܴģһ׼ӵܣ֮׵ܵܣ׺һ磬ټסһڳΪңƺҲ񺣾صľ硣
Ŀڴһðôһ֧ӣҲ¶һ˿Ȼ
壬ľӣ֪ҽ죬ӶôͻȻһ֧ӹ
İ˳ǽ棬һ۾ϳľӣоȵͬʱҲɵ衣
ֹؿڣǲô˵һ˿ɡ
еԣУ˭ҷɽġ
ӶãðǰλѶ¡ſں
ԭĵѣ֪ǰ壬кιɡ
׺һ񣬿ѯʵ
ǰûʲôҪ¡ֻ֪޳ģϯ֪ܱߴկǲûд޳ֱӳ£ҲͬܵĲͬΪ壬в̡ҵǰկһȱ⡣
ЦǺǵ˵
⻰һǽϣ׺һҲ¶һ˿֮ɫУǾǻĸƽ޹ʵĶһţ˵ֱѩ֮̿ϲ
˶лףлλѡ
׺¶ϲɫڵл
Ǻǣͬ壬ЩӦõġõЦ˵
֪ѺЩʿҪ塣ͻȻѯʵдһ˿ɣͬһ˿ɵǧ˵ĴеѹԲġ
һ֧ӽկҪʲôõ˼壬ľǰԲκλᣬֻ£ּͻɱһɶկת֣׾ٵ¡ҪӷŽȥʵ̫ðˡ
ǲŽɫǽ赲ţǧ˴Ҳ׽ǽơ
ҪҪ֧կϣ˳ˣǰˣǰ׺Ҳˡ
ڵһУ֧Ǵ൱Ŀ¡󵽾˵ĵز
Ǻǣý塣Ǿ氲ӪկʣҪȥկʣλѣ򿪳ţôаգȡʡ
ЦǺǵ˵ȡҪǼǵģ˵ˣѣκΰգĲƸԵһͬʡԲκһͨնӡԲεʣÿһտԹȡʮסһص⡣һ鲼ƥ˶С˭ȡÿֻȡһΡ֮ǾҪȥկˡ
˵꣬Ѿнʿڸľڷǰ
һ׼ʼ̬
õĹע£帲ǹȥ
ڴկУÿһն
ܶ޳Ϯֻİգж¶һǿҵϲ֮ɫĿ⿴կ棬ڼвϲ
ÿʮףһ⣬һ鲼ƥ
Ŵͣ¶֮ɫ


410 
ôһʾ൱˵ġⲻһֱ͵ÿһ˵УÿһգҪɾͲһСĿˡҪ֪һףͨǳ˳ԣҲ֧һ죬θٴʮҲ֧һ¡Ҫʡŵԣ࣬˵һ£¶֧ŵĹȥ
⣬ȥܹǿġȥһδ󲹡⣬ǽĺܣƽʱֻдկи߲ܳԵĵ
вƥһ鲼ƥǿ϶ǲСӦÿԲüһ·
ʳסУܲɷ֡
ռ¸ʳ
ôһʣҪǻ˰ԼֱðеĿ棬һɨաδˡǶô˵ֱʡóˡ
ʺֵָʳĵطڶԣֻʵģ֡կȶҲֻһС֣ҪʱػƻֻС֣ԼԶͲˣ⻹Ҫڴկ֡
һֵ棬ǰٷְٻջ񣬾ͻᱻƻһա
ֻ򣬲ܴԴԴϵĳʳ
ϵĺôð׺϶¶ϲ֮ɫ𾪵ˡ
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ǾȨȻơ
ǿģװװġ
ֻƹȨƹһˮȡ
ԭǰѡ
Цŵͷ˵
һ֮ûű򿪡
һİշ׷˳ų˳ϴϣ֮ɫ
ԿĳЩյϣһֲ԰֮ɫ˵ƼݣҲܿĳƽʱܳԱʱӦòࡣ
Ǽǣȡʡ
˿ʼк򱦵е˸ʡ
õǿռʢװȻÿһֻռĿռ䲻Ǻܶ࣬ȴ٣ǰµһУջĴԪǧֻ֮ࡣ
һһЯ˵൱ˡ
ֱó򿪺һʾͳǰ
һףһ⡣һĲƥ
һպܿǰ
ҽȡʳͲƥ𣿡һЩнǰѯʵ
ãǼһ£ȻͿȡʡЦǺǵ˵
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ţͰ̣ǼǺϣһʾͺ͵УһСףһʵ⣬һ㹻üһ·ĲϡЩȡʱоһ㡣
оЩʵ
Ŵףƥȴȵģһ㶼ſ
ⶫûжǲᵽġ
ȡʣʳ⡣Ǵ°
ǰ˵ˣⷽԲڣõۼ֮أ֪Ϊ֮ഫϵİգ˶ϻһؾ˭ԽȥѡսΪʿ֪ĽҪ
̫ˣ·ӦûˣҪõĲˣֻڱ˵·ƥˡοһ·ˣҲ档
Ƿƾ١ҪҲܼͺˡǶԳΪʿ˶ǿߣҲܳȥЩɱֻš
һղϰ̣ȡʡ
ȡʵͬʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
˿̣ڳǽϣѾѾص峤ۡڡ
Ҳǰ׼ҵĸۡ׸
ڰ׸Уڡ
λǰ׺ˣһĽСȴòϵȵŮ
˿̣ڴУȻԵЩء
ܣ˶ǿʧˡ֮ǰһҪʱǾӦóڽɣ뷽跨ȽŪУΣԶַʡһǰģҪɢˣԺ鲻ôˡ
ɫص˵
֮ǰԸôһʣûôֻ࣬ܵõһʣԴһ£ҪĿڶ׺ǿɬ˵
ܵõôһʲǺܺ
С¶һ˿˵
һƽУȻǺ£ҲǺ£Դ󻺽еĸһУҪǸǵĳʳһʱУҲǴկлһʵ̣ɸĽøǿǰȴʧȥ˴롣
Ц˵
ʣ˭ţҪǸ赽У䵽Уɰ׼ţɣҲ䵽׼ϡֱţģ䵽ϣɢˣȻͲôˡ
һðںεء
˵һ㣬İ
УûʲôʳĵġǣڵģͼΪ꣬һ㲨пκˡ򱳣һֻ¾ͺάȥ
ǲֹ𡣡
Сڳһ£˵
ֹˣʵѾȥÿ˶һǻȡʻãҪֱֹǾ͵ǴӴаʳɣôаնǰ׼Ҳӡ۲Ժ󱬷ӡ
ҡͷ˵
ʵǿܣǾԲԸֱӶŴаշʵġֱǽԼĸøˡŶԷӶͷǽǡֹ
ڹŴҰʷһء
Ǿʱڣ̫Ԫ׸ѣոսڡ
̫Ԫ谶꣬ټϰ׽ǧƽٽϾʱʱֵѷĸʵʾԸ볯͢԰ͬʱ󣬽Ȼʵ깤۲ˡʶȤȫÿһܹ
Ƽɱ֮
Ϊʲô
ܼ򵥣Խˡ
ǽǳ͢飬;ӣǵʩֶΡǵȨһˣ͸˽͵飬Ҫʲôӵҵô
ĵ飬ǵʸġ
һȥģҪʲô췴ô
£Ҫǲ˭
˵Ԫ谣κһλ޶ԣڶȨͷ»Ҫҡ
ڣΪľٶͬģɵõĽȴȫ෴ġ
ΪʲôΪʵʵʸȥô
װ׵ıϣ֪ȴֹˣǴơ
֪ģȴκξٶǧʿǾͰ棬ңկеİգϲҪôܡ


411 
֪޷赲£ֻܿڴ򿪳ţɰճȥǰȡʡΪá粻ֹܱһġ
ô죬ʩô
Щѯʵ
Ȼôʵ˵ԺɨԲ֮κկôһ޳޷вǿ赲ڳǽ⣬ԽɱǽڶֶΣƣκһ֣Ǵկֵܵġ
ЦҡҡͷѾǼȶʵ޿ɸˡ
ǿȨʵ
ھԵʵǰ¶ĿģҲû˭ֹܹˡ
ǽô졣ЩʣľôկеİõԼôҪռһʮӴʡ׺¶һ˿֮ɫ˵
ף˷ţѾ򣬵٣ǰ׼һûʲôӡֻһĶѣҪֹսʣǸկеİΪУǿվڰյĶϡֻ»ɢĸ졣ʱԲӦ䣬õġңֻ£ǰҲҪѡʱ򡣡
һĿЩĿԶǸڵλá

ⷢʵҵĽߣмҲûгκαʡ
׽ʷ꣬Ҳȥüʱ
ʺҲֻõ壬峤潻̸Ƭ̺󣬲ŴЦ뿪֧ͬʱһôϵ뿪
УǴշ󻶺ϲ֮飬Ա
õȥȻ᷵򣬶˳·ٴοʼկȥ
ҪůжеסⷽԲ֮ڣȫůĿ귶ΧȫɣȻ׷أҪʣǿͨռŽд͡ǰѾȫ׼
ҲһռŵͶӰʱԴ򿪡
ҪķѵҲһʵľʯѡ
ӵʯģ˿ڻ¡
ؼʱ̣ҲԻΪ֧ת
ЩҲ˵
ȴ˵ɾͺº󣬵ϣڹϣУ¾ϯջĴ⣬һݷݾ䡣֮УһдӼҲûдģֻϹǸһ磬ͬʱգһ⣬һƥϣͬ֡
һҹ磬ҲʽŲŮ˵ݵλȷϡ
һ㣬ӲЯֳʱѾ¶ţƳ˸ǵںĸȷĸݵλ
¶һ
չ֮У׼е챦ٳ׼ɻ٣Ϊ
ͬͬһʱ뵽ͨ󣬽ͨ󣬽Ǳޡ
˳޳֮սУȡô
ھС
йâһѾǰ
ɢȻȫʢʱڵŨҲָ룬ԪָرԴ֮˵ǵӦ֡
κǵõ޴Եɺʬǣ̺֮׻Ϊݣڿռ䣬һ¾ͽڿռĴСŵԲһǧٶĴСĪ컯ʮĲ㱦ϴһ˿˿ءÿһ㶼ɢȻͬ
ͭսìǹսռţͨ鱦ˮ֮Ȫۡۡ׳أġɽӡ֮ģ֮ģ֮ģǬ¯һʮ챦ϣɢ޾ء
ʮļ챦ںڿռ䱩ǵͬʱȫõǶڿȻȻĸÿһرԴĴ£ΪȻĴﵽƽƷǽӽƷĲΡɱ䵱УҪκĵرֱرԴ
ܶȻ׳
ʺЩɱɳǱ󻯵Ͻɱ䡣
ӲҪ˵ЩʱԵڿռ֮ӳ֡
ӳֺֹƷܸġ
Ȼ챦Խ࣬ٵڿռԽ࣬ҪͻѣҲܲô࣬ٿӣԺҲа취ӸЩҪģǱҪοԽࡣɳԽ󡣲Ϊõд̾ͲժʣҲһȥɡ
ҡҡͷջ񺣣ͬʱҲóһ֧ʣδѵеõǸ챦ʡ붼룬Ⱦͽʼɱ
ҲһİԵڲµı붼룬һ˿ԥûУĽֻɽȥ
ͬܵڵĻ֮Уһʻǿܿٵء
Ȼ⿪ٵģֻһӡ
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ǿηҲһȥɡ
΢󣬽ǵѤǿηһȥһ룬ʱٴζһ㣬ﵽʮľ˵ز
ڿռһٷﵽԲһǧٶĴССȵڿռɳѾСԲһǧĴС
⻹ǻռеĻ֮䱾ҪκԪǿ󣬶ص컯Ӿˡ
ʻǿηܣУֱӱǡøǿ
źƾն㣬ɢѹգ̩ɽرݶޱȺءҲǰԵͷ
ҪúٴγɳøǿҪȡԴ챦Ǹ˹֮ǰҵͨ꣬⣬챦֪ʲôýȫ˹ϸ̽飬˵б

֮ǰ˹¶ûܵκӰĻ棬ԺпӡΪ̡
Ҫ֪ǿͨ
ɲò档
䣡
˹ڱУּѾǰ
޴ѾƲױ᲻ҳ࣬󲿷嶼ҵķ顣
ò˵˹ȷʵ൱Ŀֲ
ڵĹͬӲ˷ָĵز
һ޴ļ쵽ββǣΪֳܿһֳɫĹ󣬾Ө㣬棬ɢһ˿˿ҵϢ񣬼ӲޱȡһǣϸȥֱһŴ˵ĹǱޡܿһĵ̡
ֻҪһ£һϵȵĹǱߡƳɱõĲϡ
ö˹ǿڱ£ȻѪ飬Ѫд󲿷ȴѹ뵽УκһޱıġһЩҲü챦µǣУ̺Ÿ˹Ļϡ
ŹҲǰԾ̾


412 
ĵر
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Ͼ޵й޸˹ǴµĲµǣ˹вϽǱ츳һûеĹޣֻҪ̳Ե㹻ܷĽֽҲӦ뵽Ƶ֮С
ЩƳȻżΪǿĽǱ
ͬβǣƳһǿĹǱޡ߹ǣսϵȱġͷǣӼӲһ֣ıġ
ҲǰԴϲ
ı˭ԼӵеĻ̫ࡣ
ЩͬıȻҲþЩ̺ŴĻ⡣ǻꡣ̺֮һ飬Ȼܷһ⡣ҪΪϣƳսϵȱġ
̽£Щ˲ϢĸԺСе۾
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еĿڸ˹ڣֻһɫسǰǿϣճصĳɫƣһɫҺתÿһζݳǿҵƻϢƺܿУһɫĻ׵ðΧؿתһˡңϢʮֿ񱩡ǿ񱩵¡ݳϢ
أͨ嶼ǳɫľ񣬻Ȼɡ
𣡣
ͻȻ䣬Уһ⣬УһĹƾۡģȻһ˹ӰɫΪı壬ƺʱҪһУһеĴ
˲䣬˹ֱӱɢСڵĲƽȥ
أԭˡȻΪһ壬ԴΪݱһ𶥼챦꣬ʵѾǻصһ֣൱Ĵڣͬйأһеɢ׻Ϊص顣
¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
ѹԸ˹ûãѹָ˹ǻĻǻһУһеĹޡǱл־ġ
ǿ֪
һ챦ֱֵ޷ġ
أԽؼ䣬һʣһо壬ȫȥתɻ֮һǿֲĻ⡣һ𴿴Ļ
ܼȡһΪ֮κʱ򣬶Ϊ񱩵ƻԴ֮
һ𶥼ս֣ԻΪıԴǣﵽһֲ˼ĲΡȴȫΪһԴ뵽ɳ֮С
аԳ󣬰
ȻһıԴֻһȴиĺıԴΪԴ
ǻأΪԪԴƻ˲
öǲĺñ
г䣬ҲͽͽĿռСԪΪ֮
ٴοʼ޳лȡĸƷ
޹ǲģǸָᡣʤ֪ж١
ݣ޵޵Ѫ֮ߵʵʿȫͬĵ·һ䣬ڵѪУγĵرЩıġڴ󲿷ҲǴ컯
Щġ
һռĲϺ࣬ϡŹֵĲϣǶѻɽڱ塣˵Դ֧ʮϰꡣ
ൽпоͷƤ顣û취ڶʱ
ҡҡͷûǿ
תóƷ
ϸȥǺȻϵĸ屦
޳ѾʱʺϳɳǵĲΣΣеҪԿϡңٵڵĺϡ
Ѿٳϡ
ʣĵϡ
У󲿷϶УȫϣҪǣǣǲݡǣʵǲǣָģԱݻٵĹǽµµĹң۵ǣǣԲֹһ֡Ҳܿ٣˴ţֻǲǵԽ࣬ٺϵıԴ̾Խۺܽͨʵ˹Ĳȫһ֡
ټǲݣǰѾѵˣӶУڵСңҲԱøǿӿҩٶȣӵš֮ǰµһо͵õһö顣öԻԪáȲţȴõϵ̴
룬Ҫ٣еĴѾȫ㹻һȴǳڵС
ֻڣһ̾С
ǵء
Կ˿̵ĵ︣УСѾﵽ¶ʮĶصķΧ
ǿͬʱľõ︣ÿ춼šԪٶȸ졣ܿ︣УŸָҩǹרſٳļĶУŻƽѾ硣︣СѾŵ˿˿ҩڲϵĻصռ䡣
ҩԣҩ㡣
Щҩҩ㣬͸︣УΪԴõ︣ȻȻĿʼеҩͬһѭܶʼǲõ︣ػȻҩϳ죬ԽԽ࣬ٶȣ졣
ˢ
ʱһ䣬ȻԿһöƾճڵ︣Ͽաɵ£ֱû뵽£һ룬ʱͿһɹԪ糱ˮи֣ԴԴϵע뵽︣С
¡¡
Ӵӿ
뵽︣УбԴ֮ǡһֱ־ǵ︣ۿɼٶѸšһأԴԴϵڸرԵ
䣬õ︣ʮĶСﵽʮĶľ˴С
Ƭհֿ֣ٴִҩס
ԪԶƽʱʮٶ뵽С
ֹ̣ǱĬġ
Щ˳֮£Щּ䣬ǰƷ
һǣõһݣǵһ֣ҲӲĲ֡
һ˹ĹõҲһöݡ
ټһ羧ݣǲݡСݳĺһڽڹͷƴնɡоŽڡ̲һ
ҪϣҪ׼ĵرҪЩϣƳһöϵϵϵҪƳѣѵռ㹻Ĳϣѵν֮תϱԴϳϣѣҪȻƾֻϵڤڤеѨ໥ǣ


413 ϵ
ϲƽ׾ڳֵġ
Ϊʲôûа취ѣǾΪԭڸûϣȻûУôѣںУûа취оѵġȻУһԣ̤֮·Ĵ̼£õ١ǰᣬϲС
ûϣҪԿ֮۳ϱԴڿٳϣΪһ塣УȻȱĵرȱϿط
ʵϿ֮û̫ء
һǽĵرϵ
һöϵʵһϵıԴ֮Ҫ٣Ҳô׵ġһʧܣǻܵɡпشԴ
ϵ졣ѵο١
һǰĵرּ䣬һ¯ǰ
Ȼ¯
ĵرõ¯
п֮һÿԳ䵱һ¯ңԪ¯иĵرƿʱķѵԪĸСĵرʱٶȸ죬ʱ̡ʸӴ⡣
¯ܹ
ңںϵԽ࣬ԽܽͬΪһ塣Ī⣬ɵ㹻Խ࣬ؼκʶڻΪΪ
֮𣡣
һ䣬һ֣һɢǰ̱ϢĳɫԻпٷɳǰһ֣˹֮Կ֮𣬾Ϊ̺һ֡
ȥ
зһȣ֮ȻȻû뵽¯С
¡¡
¯һȻ䣬Կ¯棬ֳľޣţ磬Σ⥣£ǡӣпԿţӰһӾɢŨ⣬Ҫһ¾ͻɫĹâһ˿˿ҰϢת
ȻǵţΪһ塣ţͼ
¯ɾŴ֮ӷֱںһһںϾ𣬾ܴһ𡣾Ҳ㹻ˡ
¯ںϵ¯ɢ˲ͱýȻͬ
¯гֵģٲԭȵ𣬶ĵܷĵ
¯ڣȴܹƣֻ֮ĵرὫ֮׷𣬵Եʱȴܱ񱩵ΰ
֮ǣ
һ¯С
ֻһȥ¯Уðһɫ¯𣬳ϯȥ¯һȻȻԪ¯¶ÿʱÿ̶ڱǣ
֮ǣؼǿĹ֮һ̺ϣĶҪ֮ǣһĻ棬Ǹûа취
ͨĻ棬ʿԪԪ֮𣬷һ꣬Ҳڻǡ
˿̣ڵ¯ǰ¯ʮ¯ǣػ֮ܣӵ¡תۼ䣬Ϳۿɼٶȣʼڻ
δ𣡣
һνɫҺ屻ţǾ޴ʼϵڻΪһενɫҺ壬ǽɫҺУĸܵһŨϣת֪УеڻʱѾһŽɫҺ塣
Һһ߮ص
ټϸ˹Ĳǡ
ڻûгɣٴνһö˹˽ȥ
ٴδ߶¯Ϸ
¯е¶ȣʵ̫ˣõ¶ȣԶ˹Ļ¶ȡӰԵӳҡ
ñĸ˹޷ܣͬʼѸڻΪһεγɫҺ塣һǺüʱȥ
ϵǿԽ࣬ԴԽۺ񣬼ȻˣǾͽҲȥ
΢һ֣һɫĹӽ¯ǡ
һǼʱȥ
ǶιΪһɫҺ塣
¯УȻԿҺֱ̾һɫҺɫĸ˹ҺɫҺ
پǲݡںֹҺ۳ϵ
һ䣬ǲѾֱͶ뵽¯С
¯еǿ¯ǲݼ˲ϢͿʼڻת۾ͻΪһεҺ
ȣ
ͻȻ䳯ԼóһսһһѪҺ¯˽ȥѪҺжܿһ˿˿תⲻͨѪҺѾԳƵһֱѪʿﵽ£һͷնϲ񷡣ѪҺ̺ľӴ
һ¯УʱͺĽг¯еĹҺȫɽȥ
ѪҺС
ɫɫɫⲻϽ֯áѪҺһΪһ壬ѪҺͺǴ߻ںϼܽһбȫȥɵĹҺȻȻںΪһ塣ΪһöɫҺ壬ң¯УۿɼٶС
ⲢҺ¯лΪС
¯УһδεѹÿѹһΣҺĴСڿС
֪ȥá

һöʵıȻţĿ˳
У
ѾҺ۳ʵʵ񵤡һö
ϵ˭ҪԼԴ޷ˣѪΪý飬ɸĵرϵϵΪѪѪУ̺űıԴ֮ϵУʵ۳ϵĵرżΪĹ
ǰöϵУ̺֮и˹һʼûʲôɿٳϣȴӰ쵽ͨ
һǧˣһͨͨпǸͬһǧͨͬСּĲ졣
һ븹Ҳ죡
ǰıһûκγɣſڼһ¡
ˢ
ϵ͸еĳһϵ׹˲Сңһʱ䱻绯ϯȥУһɹԪ糱ˮϵ
һϵ
ڶϵ뻯УԪϴԻйԴ֮ϴѡ
ڻ绯УƬ̼䣬ϵѾһΡ
ؼһ㡣ϵͨıԴġ̣ҪԹ֮־ۣһ۱ԴĵĹУ޷֧ţǳֶϲ㡣޷ıԴĹ̡վͻ᳹ʧܡʧܣϵҲֱ飬ΪУ޷ٴʹáУԽǿռݵƾԽ󡣡
ݿеѶϢҲ˿Ĵ⡣
κͨʵǽһǳɡһ;ϣͻṦһʵ̣ž޴Ҫ
ϣҵĻۣǿٳʶϣ۳˵ľӦɹ̡
аԳ


414 
ϿطѾָơġ
κϿ֮ıԴһġͨĸط֣ǷϣͨǽЩںһչ¶ķ֮֮ľǵͨɸֲͬķģ໥ϣ۶ɡ
һͨҪʮϰöͬķɣǿͨҪǧɡ
ϣͨ
ԷͨУܹ߶ͨʩչͨǱ۳ɹһɲǣѾ׶ˡ
ͨͨ
ͨǿϣͨͨһȻȻͨûȱ츳ͨвǱ
ĳ֮ͨͨ۷֮Ҳûа취ͨеķ̵ϵϣٳϣΪֻͨķģͨϣȻͨеķģͨڵһ֡ȴȱһֶǾܸ١
ϣͨϵϵģͨķģܸͨ٣һͨĸԴԴܸ١ܸ٣ͨΪͨΪͨаء
˵۳ͨʿҪ˿ٳϣǼǲ飬ԾˣܹƳܸ١
ǴеҪԡ
ϣҪٰ߰ʮöġϱԴܸͨ١Уܳκβκͣ١Ҫһǳɡ
һǰ治׼ؼʱڡ
һһãͻʧܡ
ʼɣɰڴһ١
ûгɣһ䣬ԺȻֳϵĹġܸͨ١
ЩĸͬһʱͿһöȻȻĹ룬УöȫۣһɣʱһԪģ÷ϸֳĵϸŨʵʡؼ䣬ǣһĵϷС漴ͳöӨϵӡȥ

ӡϵϣȻһöƺϴӣһĵ
֪ǲǴµһöĺбܵĸоϵƺһ˿޷һ˿

ʼ־棬۷ĵٶȲÿһöγɺ󣬶ؼϵǣϣϵϣһĵ
ŷĵ룬ȻԿϵһı棬ܿһööϵϣɼɢϡûӡһģϵҲڱͷųµĿռ䣬µķĿȥ
ĹУԿϵܶȣڼС
ͺһȻԽԽ
ûᡣٶı仯Ҳֹͣһʼֹͣζʧܣʧܾζεĵرȫװ˷ˡ
οԡ

һԴԴϵĆϵϡ
ĵȪˮ糿ӡ
ЩϵϽ֯һ𣬲˸ãͬ԰㣬ߡ
ϵҲԽԽ󣬺ڣϵĹ屦ʮǿ󣬲ǣи˹Ĺһϵϱûдʵʰ״̬ȥûдӹ̬תҺ̬˿̵Σֵ֪ܷ֧ȫܸ١
ϵ̷ģӡܸʱɷΪ̬Һ̬̬֡Թ̬Ϊ̬Ϊĩϵɹ̬Һ̬ǵڣЩķģҲҺ̬ͬˮȻ̬ʱǿֱ˴룬˻˴롣
ʱҲᷢı䡣
۵ıԴҲ

֪ȥãһööĽϵۣϵϡһöȫӡϵʱϵѾԶʼʱĴСʮ־ˡ
ڣϵıԴȷʵۺӲǱڹ״̬û˻Һ̬
ãڳɹˣзȫɣھͿϵı仯ˡ
Ҳǳ³һ
һǳɣûκμϣǳ̵Ĺ̡Ѿȫ꣬Ϳϵɱ䡣
꣡
ֻзĳȥϵϣһ糱ˮ㲻˸зĲ֡Ե쳣죬صӿ֣ƾչעϵУһУԿϵϣȻֳһѺۡ
ЩѺڳֺϾͿʼ˷ӡ
һͳ׸öϵ
飡

һУöϵ飬𣬻ΪһϸСƬÿһƬ϶̺һġ಻٣ոպãٰ߰ʮƬ
ǣʱݳһ߿
Уһֲ־
ֺЩķķ·ܵĳٻԼͬĳϿջۣĹ켣֯һ𡣾ȻУΪһĹ
ųĶֻǣֻһ֮췢һÿһ϶ɢ⡣һֶսأսǲ𳤴档һ־
ŻΪһ⣬˲г˳ȥ
һȥϾͳУԥС
һ£һĹӲڹвϴ֮һҵı죬ͬһйȫ߮һչȻ󱳼СȻըУʱͱٳһռ䡣ռһƬޡ
飬»ΪһööġƬ޿ռӡȥû뵽ռУÿһöռݾͱüһ֣ϣֳһصĵƣؼ䣬ȻȻһĸӦϵתۼ䣬зȫƬ޿ռк
ʱڿռУһĹȻ֡
ڵĹõġһ⸱Ͽռ۳ʵʣǾǡУ̺Ųĵϡϡ
п⸱ùҲڵһʱ䣬ܵ׵ʲô
ͨͨǴһŲ಻ľд
ʹ˿̣Уһɹĵϴݳȥ뵽Уĸо֮ǰøǿӼͣ

ǿϣȻڸϣϼ޼ͨκβࡣֻ޷ȡһǺ죬һ졣ΪϣϴǿԴֹͨڶԣҾͿ׿ȫµйǽСǹһı仯׾١ǿ
ڱ仯аԳ


415 
ڵϻûͨƹһıܣ˵УǹҲǷտع֮ɱʹ࣬Σ𺦵Σòʧعȣֱ֮
ϵǿ̣ÿʱÿ̶ǣԪصϿռ䣬Ͽռͺһ¯ЩϻһҪ˶ãһǿͨ
Уϣ϶Ѿ٣ڲµϡһһ¡ܹӦµϡǵȵͨ
лϣ³ʦڼƿأʲô⡣εõƤɲ٣ÿԽ֮ǰһֱҪƳһ
ϲ֮顣
ּ䣬ǰٴγּƷ
һȻһƤ֮Ƥޱȣңǹ룬̺ϢƷĶⱦģҪ̣ʱõһ۶롣
һȻһͷǡ
һһޱǽϵĳ֡ⶼ޳ɱ޹Ĳ֡
Ϊģ޺ǣӦһƷʾ˵Ĺǰ
һǲĿͽ¯С߶¯ҵ¯ʱͽһӲޱȵıǿдڻһειҺ̺ʣǱ¯ķճɻҽһ˿Ҷʣ¡ֻĲ֡
һȥʱ
бȫɺпзһϺȣϣ
¼䣬Ϳ¯УйҺȫΪһ塣۳һţֲͬĹǲںϣ˲ùҺһʮɫıá
Ѥޱȡͬϡ䱦

Һ¯зɳ£ʱתۼ䣬۳һһģһ֣ͻΪ壬峤תɫʣ۳κ󣬷ûٳֻ֣ԼܿһЩĹơ
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ǿƤҲڵһʱ¯Уʱһᦲ¯зɳǸǰײһֱ档һϣΪһ泤ᦡ
Ʈ䣬ƺΪһ塣
ȣ
ͬʱпٽָ֯ãһ켣Щ켣ȻȻĻΪһķġ۵ɲǣͳǰĳӡȥ
泤ơ
һƵʱȻҪʦƣֻӵнƣһνƣǷģԷ뷨УγɷΪһ壬ǽơ÷иֽȻͬ
ܶƣʿôľһоģʺƷΪƣγɶصĽƣƳͬķ
һģǷĸơӰ취ͨĽơټҲǲϵĽƱøǿ
ഫʿУʦжشУжصļšƽַΪʮɷƽʮƽ
ʵϣƳһƺ󣬾ѾǷȻǲϼƲϼǿϴһƣڶУҪԪĵرʦȴжصطּзƽ
ƽʵãΪϣ׳ιеĸơý׳ǱǿµĽơ
ͺһҪСҪιϰƽõϡ
ΣʮɷƽֻҪһȻȻ鱦ΣҪʮƽ
һ㣬챦ͬ챦ص̺вǱͬҲƽ
һ泤ᦣᦡ
Ʒʦϲʿϲһַ
ʦɱΪֻƷͬǿսǿĹֶΡһѡϷʦĵ·ѡһ
ãɸָķҽӵ¡
ķֱ࣬Уᣬˮ򡣷ᦵȵȡؼǣЩȻǷȴʦķŸϵ
ΪǿƳķ͸ǿ
ЩɴʦƳĸַ÷ǿǱĬ£Ʒ׶˶ɱ䡣
ͻƵ߲Ρ
Ѽ˵Ƶһַ
Ľֻһ֣Ǿ޼Ʒֻһǿκηһзǿٳռ䡣޼޵ɷ˵һķ
ǷΪͬĲΣʮᦣٷᦣǧᦣᦡÿͻһΣǲͬն۵ġķʦսӳƻֱǿ£ض޷ݡ
ʦսǮ
ķɲ˵㴢棬ͿԶӵУʹˣͻʧƷõġ
ǣеķܼˣҲ˵ǣʦƳķûõģ뵽Уܵų⡣ֻԷʦѪҺΪƳѪܱɡУõøǿ
ܴӡƳЩͨûõģһʦֻоѪϢ໥ںϡ
ζţǸӺķѾһַ
Ѫȴܽӵ¡
ӱʹ
޼Ʒӡһδνӡ۳ģ볤СŷԽԽ࣬ʱͿڳϷһı⣬ӯӯ䣬ƺܿơ
ˢ
һȥʱʱͿĴӳð˳໥ã֯һ𣬾ȻΪһķ󡣵ɣںһ𣬻ΪһĹ⻷ڳ⡣䣬ʧ
ˣᦣ޹ǣƤɵķᦣǱӦûһҵķˣ֪һ
ϲĿǰᦡ
룬óһпȥҪ̴浽С
ˡ
ϣֳһ㵭һ¾ͽǵֱӵ棬ƺһص赲ȥ
Ȼô
ҡҡͷûǿ
ᦷһߣóһ⣬һƤϵȷֻֽѾеҲų֡
Ȼͨû취뵽УǾԻƳһŷ
νѪʵǽԼѪ뵽Уķ֭ѪҺͻûб淽еϵҲѸɢƽûʲô
ٴηһѪ
ѪҺ뵽Уٴĥ֭Уе㰵졣⣬޵ѪҺɡ


416 
֭У̺ԡ
ֽϣӿֽƽʣڷ֭մһ£Ҳ֪ô£ͨ嶼ǰһıʼ⣬Ȼһصͬһ㣬֭һ¾ͼȡʼϣñʼⶼΪһְɫǷ֭ɫ
ƽľԺй
ʣߣ⵽ʵ
ߣһˮڱ¹աһǳɣң˱ʱ̺һֶصĽУֽ࣬صϲɡԾУʤ
¹ճʱؼ䣬һ˿˿ĵȻȻıǣ˳ʣ뵽·У뵽С
ָоʮ
ˢ
һʱճ󣬶ʱͿеķȫһɹԪ糱ˮӿУţľͻΪһȼյĻڷϡ·һ̣ͻữΪʵʣƿնκεǰ
һȻǻ
Ʒ
۾һзһͺ
ʲôķֻͨĻǽֱͨڷֽϣɷһԣƳģ඼ƷƷʡصһǿڵԪʮѹЩصϡ
ÿƷƳĶƷεķżҲƳƷƷס
ȴһپͻƳƷƷʵĻ
龰Բһ㡣ƷƷʱǳɱɱıǡƷֻﵽƷҪﵽƷҪƷĻϱġӲҪ˵ǼƷƷʵķѾ̺
ûϣſԻƳƷû뵽һžƷ
ʵܹǣصϣûƷʱǣϣѹסеĵϡУûƳķԳԽܻƳƷסһΡ
пеʣҲһ˿ϲ
ǺöǶڷʦ˵𲻻̺ļֵʵ̫ˡ
ңŻϣܸоһ˿ϵԾѪе
ûгɣпȥʱʱͿ谭ĸѩ׵ᦲһ𣬸ţͺˮһ㣬ֱû뵽С
ֻ΢΢һ⣬ͬư㣬Ⱦһ
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Լ䣬һ֣һöзɳ
˼ᦹȻȻһ˿˿صУǻϡҪȥʱ㹻ȫɱɼƷ
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421 
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422 ķ

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ˢ
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ƽߵθһ͡Ƭ̼䣬ʹﵽɴСɢѹһ¾ͱøǿңˮͰһͷϵĶѾƿ˸Ž⣬ߵѹ
կе֮飬ȫɣȴɱ֮顣⼸ţկѾƳܲɷ֡ңΪȻ뷷Ȩ
Ҳû뵽ôһֱ仯
Ȼֱ仯ֻкôûлĲ˵ͱǣѾﵽɳɢƣԶ֮ǰʡʱ⡣


423 ˷
֮飬ÿһ磬ҪķѴʱ⣬ҪӴˣðհҵǿҪʱõĲִתǬ񣬲ܲϵĻˣ׳֮飬һַ

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ݴ˵еѶϢԣ˷ʱ䲢̫еȴʮءܵõʲôôȫĵԵΡ

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ÿ䣬иսתܶණһס·Ǿʮϰĳһ̣һУȫСûһ˿©
һ䣬ȻͿ⴦ݿռУһȫһģһӰڳֺ󣬿ٴȭת幦תͬʱй幦е⣬ءԴԴϵĳԺСͶ
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ɽ续Ȩ֣⼴
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һ۵ĵϳ֣ÿһֶһŭƺڵĸ
֪УɹǧꡣһδεͼУһһδֻأһδת
֮ƿءƿز˱ˣȴҪƿԼԼס쾭Ǻǿؼ쾭ˣΪʲôȫУΪΪΪһ壬׼Ԧ쾭
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424 
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432 
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436 
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λѣոյ²ᣬЦѡ˫ɸΪ񲯡ôˣǿΡ
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ٴζԺڰеԸе


437 Դ
ˣеģֻԼֻ棬˽νĵǣѾڣĻеµģҲˣң඼ѾˡͺСүүһϢĬĬš
ˣпܣʬ嶼ᱻõһɶ
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ͺһֽףһ
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ˢ
һͿǰâУֳһеᱦ顣
Щڱ˵ʲôȴЩ֣̺ѶϢʲô


438 ڰü
ڰص䡷
嶾ص䡷
ʯص䡷
ص䡷
üص䡷
Ѫص䡷

һصôȻȻĳǰЩϣǿϵص洫磬κһܹ˷ƴᣬϧͷ­ѪҲϧصҪϾԣĴ֮·
غԼһĵ;ʲôսʲô飬ٳصϵһʿսϾޱȾ˵ľ룬ֲ࣬ǽ󶼺ֲһ֡
ҪûϿ֮ǽϾҲ˶ͣͲǰ
Ͽ֮Ҳ㡣ҪѰҵʱҪĵرҲһ׼䣬ѵõԽǶϣҪĵرƷף͸ߡ
пܣһӶҲ롣
ҲúܶʿΪ֮⡣
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бܵ׵εļƷһϾʿ꣬յõģص䡣˵жص䡣ѡȫڸˡ
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΢ѡص䡣ѡǰûа취֪ϱֻܴϱȥ²⡣ڰһһֽԴĶϣڰԵϣһٳɹǿĺڰͨ
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˵ǿԸԼһĶͨĺã˵ãǿ֮һ
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ڰϿԿǿ٣üϵĻѾϣ󣬵ܷϣüϵǿ󣬷ؾԺһ֧ǿĻü׾šͳһżףӦûἫΪˡ
аԳ󣬽еصԥ
رһΪʲôģеء
߰ɣǻȥ
ܣвûʲôùۿġΨһصģǰĺڰ̳ڿ̳Ѿûмйȥ˼˭ߵһּɵĿ⿴ţʲô飬һֿˣһĸо
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439 
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ǿģ壬ҪԪȻȻľڣסȻһǧľˡЩֻǷˣʯһµԪϡޱȣҪҲһԶȳ˸ѵĹ̡
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ܺãٳ񺣣Ǵ屦صĵһҪģǲϵĻϵԪԼһʮ澭֮ǰȽһ幦ͬǹ͵幦幦гɣԸıʡ
׵ͷûдܿ񺣣ʿٱĲ˵Ծһ־޴Ͽɡ幦Ҳֺü֡
һֱԶķʽʽվ׮һһ־ǹ뷨вĶصϣǣԪ
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̤ԾˣڶʽʱѾҡҡ׹
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׵ͷֹٴóһͰˮȥϴʱɢʣʣһ˿
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һУ˵ֱ췭ظĸı䣬һ磬ܳԵܶû˵ĺóԵģ·Ϊʿ񺣡
һеһУһѶϢ̫һʱţһʱ˷ܣ˼ƣ£ܿ˯С
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ֱӷߡ
ֻҪ˿ͻֱӴᦣȻᱬַɱػİȫ
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һ룬һ߿첽̤˳ȥ


440 ҹ̽
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Դ󣿲ܣԴĳ֣ԾʯаǾʯеľؼôгԴԴ󡣡
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֪ԴֻھʯУңֻھһ̶ȣпҵֿܡʲô鶼ᷢԴκξʯУ̫ࡣؼһֹ
ĳӴԴ󣬱˵࣬壬Щ䲻ĴܶĶһȷѪꡣԴκ
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ǰƾʲôʲôȥһֻһ棬֮ǰزʶˡԴëôغ¼ȻǾͿ϶˼򵥵ˣп϶ż̡
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445 Դ
һĻҲһ˿㵣ķչʣҲû뵽ġΪһ޸û뵽һξŰ
ò˵غµһǮۺȷʵܹܾŵ޸
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ˣһλѣҪǸͲЦҡҡͷ˵ڸоôûиоӶ
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һԸоı仯ǰоġ󹦺ԭȳԵĶһӾͱˡȫԼеݣ
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аԳ
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448 
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ʲôѵ˵Ҫôֵ֪ʲô㡣
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ʲôҲⶫڤĿа֮⣬Ӧû֮η塣ȵȣпܶһơڤʮ֮һӦòô򵥡תԶԵֵһá
΢˵
ɳɳɳ
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˲ɱ
˿ȴԿһƬưϯ
ηۣκεĶȫ¶ĿǣȻջЩѣɱ˵ʲô
ʱֻڿ󶴵һˣȻԿһѩ׳޽ɴһ£ҡȣϴŵ֮ɫ
ˢ
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εԣ˵ǾԵĿǣһͨСңЧͼӰ
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һֻײڻϣҲһľͱ״ȥɳ˷ܵ˹ȥ
ȻûãЩʲôù졣ǲá
ɫһ䣬ھ̽ʱѾ뵽ֿܣҲѾºˡɱʱͿһɫĿռֱӳǰ
ߣ
һ䣬С˲˽ռС
һ
Ѿ״ԭʧ
ɱʱֱڿϣ½ǶûЩѾŭˣһ˷ǴݳӦĹֽԴԴϵĻ۶Կ糱ˮӵ֮࣬塣
ңģгԴôһۿȥеðһӺ⡣ʵ̫ˡȫЩĳѨ
찡жˣö˶ˡ
뿪ֲ̫ˣۿʮʿôϢĵڵϣҿڵĳڳûù죬ÿ¡
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ܿУһĲҽϵĳ֡
Ȼĳ֣ٴôʿ䣬˲أ֪˵ڿУôϢˡ
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˿̣ڿС
һڡ
һռϢĴ򿪣УѾСѸ̤˳
ֵ˲䣬ٳܴȥ
ڷûпҲǰһ
²¡Цѯʵ
£ߣʲô¡Сҡҡͷ˵


450 
ѹס֮ЩӰ죬ƺҵͨƷ׻ߣԭЩ֮
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ð̽Ҳ˵ûջͲ֤ʵĴڣУڰеĿ־塣٣еأѾܿ̽һ֣ǱɽһǣҲջ񡣲ò˵ȷʵ
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׳Ϊһֲ֮ءһ·ϣĿɲֻʬǣ޵ʬǣ˿࣬ڰУѾ̫
֮£ѹֿԳ֮Ϊڤеʮ֮һ
磬Щôö࣬϶뵽취ԸǵġС¶ǿҵƶ֮ɫУƺǿҵšûɵġ
ҲϣҿԶԸЩЩȷʵ̫࣬ңʲôǻһ֪̽鵽ģֻѶϢ
еȻһЦ˵
ִڤʵ̫ع졣
磬ô졣
СｫĿ⿴Уѯʵ
ĿУģģǰ󲻵ġһСŮܿʬǻûбܿµûоʧ롣ʣģҲǺ͵ģӵУ޵δ
һɳԻκ˾ޡ
ͬĵףҲֻǣԺ뿪Լлᣬøǿøá
ô죬ĿģΪԴΪԴԼԴ챦Ц˵
ѾǸ꾫ɢˡôȥСգգ۾ɻ
õģȻȷʵ֪ڵλԭȵĵͼѾʧЧˣλòԣôңҲģҪҵԴδؾҪͼ
Ц˵ţеıһ֡Ȼ䣬ԿһͭžѾӱз˳ǰ
Ȼͨ鱦
ͨ鱦ڱУرԴڻƽ챦УѾﵽ൱׵ĲΣӵеǰǿⱾһܹ̽鵽ؼֿǿ챦ֻܿ̽档ڴﵽʱܹ̽׽ˡ
Ȼܴﵽ̽˵ĲΣĲ˵ԴڵλãǾԲκġ
һ棬ͨ鱦԰Դλá
нͨ鱦Уһ䣬ʱͨ鱦ȻȻɢһ˷ɢݳȥţڱڣһѸٸ֡
һͨһ·İ׹ʬڱ֡
ţͿڱϣֳһʮ貵⡣ֹâۣͣȴ·ڡ
ҵˣڶϷ򡣡
ܵɢλãҲǰһϲŨ˵زǾʯγɵġͨ鱦ֻܲ׽Դڵλãȴûа취ʶǰ·ߡִܲܵҲҪԼ
飡
пһͨ鱦漴ͳϷλãһǰĶϡһУʱ涴Ѿ飬һµĶڡ
棬ܶ󶴣˴˼䣬ĺȶͨ˻޷֮ıݣܻû壬̫࣬ͨ˴Ҳȷ·ǻٶıݣҲһִﲻĿĵء
ԴλãֱӴͨݣһݾ
ңֱӻݣγɶڣȴûжԿ󶴲ˣܲģıиһƽ˵ھĿ󶴣û̫
ߣֱȥԴ
ЦЦСԥĿ˽ȥ
飡
ǰԴڵλãֱӱֱ߹ȥ֮п󶴣ɽʯ赲ǹֱӵĺ俪һ·
Ҫסϣû·ֻҪԾͳ··Ǳ˿ٵģҲѡԼȥ١ֻҪִܵĿĵءǾʤ
һߣһ߿˵
֪ˡ
˼ĵͷڻش
ֺת䣬ûκζදֱǰеľٶ˲С룬һ󶴣󣬵ϵʬǣȫսɽС
ڿٿԴ
һκ俪һ涴ʱͻȻ䣬һʮͻ֮أжоһ˿⡣Ϻëһ
磡
ͬобڣûܵˡ
쿴磬һ߳ëʬ塣ߡ
ʱﾪȵĿһԣֻһ߳źëʬ壬ȻͳеϢͿʲôʱֵġһëںڰУԵ쳣졣
ˢ
￪˵˲䣬оѾӦ²һתűתͷȥתͷһɲǼ䣬Ǿߺëʬôʧˡ
۾
ȻûȫǾߺëʬ壬תͷһɲǣ۽ǵ⣬ɿһ˫ɺɫ۾ںڰһš۾ֻǿôһɲǣҲðоһ䣬ѪȵϢһסһ
ͷƤһɲǼ䵱ըĻͻȻһĻξǵˡ
Ȼж֮ǰȻһоûУҲ̽ⲻֻһ˫۾ǻ
Ҳоһ󷢺
Ƕ̫죬ȻĪĳһоûСҪĳ֣ոһɲǣԼѾˣһ㶼š
ﵽһΣҪɱһˣʵ̫ˡ
Ҫֶθʤ
ոһֻëǺëܳëһ֮ǰǱ۾ģתʱ۾ˣȻʧˡ
Ҳ¶һ˿塣
һĻŵˡ
ùܣǹﲢûг֡ѾʧˣǾͼߡ
һһĨ֮ɫûгɣѡǰ
оٶգڵʵҲ޷ȥ̽Щء
ٴƿһڣ˹ȥ
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ʱƿһʱڰУһĹֽ˲ҪȥѰʱȴûзκûҵʲôˡ
磬Ҹож
ûãͻȻһСֽץסеֱۣһ㶼׷ſ
лͷʱȴַ֣ʲôûС
ߣҪͷ
һѾûлͷ·ߡٹ죬ҲҪǰҪ뿪ƾռţδؾͲֱӿԽգȥ

һ찵һ׽Բء߸С飬Ͽ
磬С㣬׽Բذɡ
ͻȻ䣬ߴһСӵЦ


451 

ڰУͻȻ両ֳСӵӰдź·дŻѣų裬дźǶСӣõЦһۣĻƺһ롣
룬ȴ˲
ƺһ˿ԻãȻƶŲƺҪ߽ڰС
ȥһȥˣ˵ͻᷢµ顣УǿĹƻֽץסзһȡϺУ̺һ˿ֱӽﾪѹ
ҸոտС˵Ҫһ׽Բأ֪ô£ҾҪһ档ع¶Ի֮ɫԼôͻȻ뷨
ҪܣдŲֻ꣬ҪȥȥӦÿʱȫ
һ˵
Ҳڿתͷ
̫죬ҲˣƺֻҪԼȥЩЩҲûж֡ңпԺĸоЩǿʮǿһһһ޿ɵֵĿ
ֻǣЩ񶼲֪ģȫû֡
ˣֻҪǣЩҲܿʧ־ٶʱ޿̲͸¶һֹ죬ֹ죬ҲҶ
һմǣ˭֪ᷢʲô顣
طǳһаԣܶаһͷ
ȻߵҲûֱӷ뿪ĵѾǼ̤ԴУôȥǹһ񣬰;ϡⲻеԸ
飡
ٴδһݡ
ˡ
ƿʱڰУһԴֱӽУܵĺڰɢֻǣ߲ۣԡâУϸ궼ڷõĲͺǺͻȻصĸ֮УޱȣڵԪҪԼڲС
Դ󣬹ȻԴȻôԴôĵطŨĹâԴֱһ޷ıء
ڿĵһ˲䣬΢΢۾ܡ
ǰģһ󶴣֮ǰһƬųĿ󶴲ͬǰģǱ鲼ԴһԴڶϣųһ⣬֯һʮɫѤλáһ⽻֯һɾ
Դʮ־ˣУ飬ԴСȭͷôСֻĴָָô
ɢȴͬŨһ˿˿ĵϽ֯һڻص
ԡУͬ
κζ츣ضҪǿʮϰٱ
ңһת֯һ˶ԴеﶼԼԼֻܿһԴڷ⡣ܹ졣
ԴҸоĻУҪҿ϶Ժܿﵽһ硣ҲϲĿǰԴһıءңֵ޿ɹ
˭ֲôһԴ󣬴ӰǶôܵġ
磬ھҪȥô
ѯʵ
δܹȥ㿴ԴǰŶپʬɲͨĿ
һûмųԴ
Դ˭ҪЩԴǰʬװ׵ĸҪԴˣҪõԴпܣľԼ
ǶˣҲҪܹõߡ
ҪԴ״ߣǺڰУԴͲϡٵ̶ֳȣԴеǿߣ˵Ͼͼﵽˡ
ҪôãԴôܻ
ˢ
һ϶ѻɽʬ˲Ϣ䣬ͱ̽С
žણ
磬Դ
ʬǱУ϶ʱ¶֮ǰԴΣȻЩȥ˴ģϧóȴûãǱߡ
١
ϸһۣЩԴ治٣ȭͷԴв¶ʮ飬СģҲϰٿ飬ЩɾͲһСĿ
Ҫ֪ĴָһԴͿһʿֱӴ񺣾һ·ͻƴﵽ۷壬ֱϾԴԽġ
ЩԴ˵ȫһ֮ơ
ûκԥּ䣬ԴȫڵһʱսУ򣬳ɨһգһҳûС
űңҪ뿪벽
ϸ˿Դ΢Ȼ֪ⶴп϶ԹλΣգȻˣңĿôԴĴڣҪ£ҳ֣ѡ񵱳˱ܵĻһ־޴Ĵ
ΣҪ̽һ¡
飡
ŶȥڸҪ̤ȥʱͻȻ䣬һεıƾճǰǱݽ籾ܵײһײһɲǣڵǿȻȻӦֱӱŷһǿǿкڽϡ
ֻǴһ죬ţͺʯһ㣬ʧ
һûע⣬ûײһ
бݽ硣
ɫһ䣬û뵽Դǰн硣ң磬ɲͨ磬̺֮ǿʮײȥȻһ㷴ӦûСֱǲ˼顣ݳһǿķ֮ǿײȥҪǿ
ĴڣΪ赲˽
ȻγɻǺ˲õġ
΢΢üԺиֳһͷ
һ֣ȻҪȥǲܵġ
ոֻ̽һ£֪ǿ󣬱˵ڣǱǿʮٱƵĿһǵ׷ָԴϵ
ȥ
ҲԣָͿˡ󲻹ȥ
ǽȥЩԴôŪġѵԴԼɳɡ
˵ͨ˵ͨ
û˿ԴԴƫƫʱһ硣ҪôǳֲãҪôǰһֱڣһ֣п϶ԭ򣬶ңԴܴǾһԭǷ
磬ⱦԽȥ
ͻȻ˵
ֻеıһѾӽдȥˡִֻ֣ᷢµĽɴڡʵġ
ƷԹȥ˲ܴȥңһͽȥĶϵᱻϣ׶Ͼзֺ󣬿ɨӵ棬֣ڽĶ棬ϣȻһЩ
ЩӦֱЩʬıߣȴ赲һ뿪Ҳòˡֻɢڵϡ
˼ǰѾڵģһغ£ѹһ㶼ںԴңңһ㶼һԴԭ֪Դǰн磬һ㷽͵òеԴȻ
аԷһЦû׼ִעֶ顣


452 һھ
غ´ḷ́Ҫװǡ
غ޽ɵĿģǵõĳִУ⣬⴫ӦԴ˵ԴУôȡеġ滹ܡ
΢һͷ
Դе飬ô͸¶һֹ죬ʲôδ֪˭֪Ǵô£Ҳûа취֪һγһ
磬Ҫ𡣡
￪ѯʵ
ߣȻˣǾû뿪ĵ
ЦЦȻ֪Ǿƽķñ˻ûе֮ǰжȡһԴǰǰ컯
ҪǾô뿪ǾԶϻԵ
ңнһ̽еĻ棬Ѿ뷨ܴɣ˵ãõһԹĻԵ
ѵа취ǺĿУѯ
Ȼ
йâһȻԿһڵĵƾճ֣ڵĵͣ͸˿ߣڵĵͨ䣬ݳһصɫʣУ궼ڲһɺϢڣҪѪ궼һ𶳽ᡣУһ˿־
һǵӺڰǿжȡһ͡
ڵõҲ̽鵽͡
ʮֹµһ챦˵ִƵһǿ󷨱
һϣͻ᳹곹ߣǾԲưոݵġңһסǾͺѣܽһ꣬ԪʮְԵҪȻͣͬʱᵽ
˵еȡǿҲͬ߻ǵǵͣǻȻһ壬챦ʮּ͡бá
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˵Ҳ档
ٳһԴǰȻ£뵽ԴУͺԴ㣬ȥһȴûаˡ
ˢ
ţһߣһһһ£ǿ鱾ڿϵԴշ𣬿ٴ磬ǰ
ԴεȼӲǺѱƻĶ
ȴ׾ٵûУԴĴӿд
⻭棬ͺڵ㣬ֻǣĲ㣬Դ
ԴȻԱ
￴۾ҲɿʼɴųǰԴԴǱȽϴġȭͷСɢĹâʮͣԡУë׶õķ׷ſ
ȻЧθҪһԴԴڣԺ֮·ͻø˳ֲܹʵ⡣
Ц˵
ٴν˦˳ȥ׾ٵľͽһöԴ˳ٶȣ̬д⡣̴
һֲСһ档ԴɢĹâ̺ž޴˵ŷԲУӴɲܾôװ˷ѣҵıһʵ̡
ʲôģΨǿʵġ
Լıһһپ٣ҪκοǣҪȻԴеڱԣǾһʢζĴͰĵطһδܱȵϡ
ĴͣǰҪǲԣǾݰ
䣡
Ľ̽Դ硣ţԱУȻȻĴݳһǿ˸ɫԴԴ⣬糱ˮ㱻ɽȥ£ңԴһ̺صϡ
ֵϣ뵽Уڿռ䣬رԴϣһǡʵ̫ӴˣңƺԴԴϣɵһ֣µĲֿٶ֮죬޷
УǷ췭ظɱ䡣
ռУһ֮ÿ䶼ڱǡ
ģڿռıǡ
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ĸоڿռɱ䣬Ҳӿֳһϲõ顣ֲϱǿĸоʵ̫޷ܾ
˶ʱƵʱø죬׼ȷңȡԴÿһ鶼ȭͷС
磬Դһھô̶̵̲꣬ˣֻӿھе㡣ҪǾǾ棬ҪڵҲܸԴһͺˣԴԴӿݽߣҾͿϳӵẦˡ
գգ۾ԴһǰԴͻȻһĻ
һھ
̲סʶͣеȡԴĶϸԴȥԴǺǰģĻ⻹˵һԴ
ԴԴ
һھеľˮԴɢԴ㣬лһȪۣԴԴϵԴñộûа취ԴгԴһգ̵٣١
⻭棬Ե쳣졣
һھǾ˼ˣԴôģݴ˵Դ󣬼ǲܴڣܵġȴƫƫˣƫƫš
ͳŹء
ףԴһھǸڿٳ񺣲࣬һھȷʵʵӣϸ룬δزܽٽݾھ񾮣ı䲻˾ĴСΪʲôøǿ󡣿Դͬ޵׶ԴԴϣޱߡ񺣣ͬáǱø졣
Ժһ⡣һֱϣһֱŬʡڿδزܿٳһ·
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¶⣬ܵӿֳһͷ뵽ͬ顣
ͷ֣ͳԺ˸
ԴĿ⣬Ҳ޷ƿо⾮кİأصϡԼ䣬Ȼ׳״̬С
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аԵͷ֮ߣ֮ǰѾһЩ֮ߣˡڿȻˣԸߵˣڸȻַϣƣ˶һξллأ˵Ĳ֪ôɶԸߵˣпܽ
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ȴվԭأǰԴɽ¶֮ɫεľȻʱ䲻Ǻܳɸ𺳣ȴһ㶼١
ЩڰеĺëʬСӣںڰеͷȵȣÿһ֣ޱǿʵƫƫȥȫڿɽУĶûֹģԴеǶɫ
Լ˯еŮ
ЩһӾͻʡ
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ջĿ⣬аԳ


454 ̵
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ʳ󣬾ȥ󹦣ʳеľڿٳɳʱЧߵġ
ҲûгɣֱӷԸȴʼ
θڿɲСȥĶǳ屶ģȫеĶӡһڣͱѸ

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УдڻҰߣҲٵĴկǳ󣬶棬һԸܸկΧǲһЩʡˣǲȺڵġ
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磬ǲҪˡ
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456 Ϊ
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ܿһ㣬֡
ܴԳˣûмǴģټ󣬸ͷ˲Ϣ両֣ٵóۣ˼⣬ԶˡһĹ̡ڴﵽĳֲʱԿԸ˵еȣٶȣȥ
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һȥȴһһЫսô飬һĽ֮ӲսһСϣȴһ۶ûС
Ӳ̶ȣ֪
Ʋģ޾Ѿһ壬ܳɵ۽һƬ򳹵ھߣҪȻҪƿ޼ɣڸƬ֮ؿ⣬һ֮ͻᱬҵΪ˲ͻи飬Ҷʣ¡
Ҷ֪ҡҡͷ˵
ⲻһһ飬һƬǴʲôصֶΣƿƬ޼𣬵õ޷ıزƸ
ҪЩ޼𡣡
пһ۽£һС˹ȥ
ϸȥСȻͨ嶼ǽɫ紿Ʒ£Ҷǽɫģ渡ֳһ˿˿ɫơһ紵ϵҶȻƮ塣
Сߣֻһ׶ߣֳ֦࣬ͨ壬ɢһ˿˿ŨµĽ֮ϷһֱԴϢ·ǽ֮ı֡
ؼǣСϣȻżöӲӵĹӣӲ󣬴ֻӲСڱ棬ȴܿһصĽɫ֯áԵ쳣죬ڲתá
ǽĹӣǴ˵еĽഫЩУ̺ŴĽ֮ԴƳɷ˵УдܾýƳһö顣ʮ档
Ҷ֪˷ܵ˵
̫ˣʵ̫ˣĲƸ֮ȣ޼𣬶Ҫѷɫһ˿޷֮ȡ
ö
ϸȥĽһöȫǽӲӵģɢıԴϢҲͬκһöԹĹ屦ȴоö̺ļֵ͸Ӿˡ
ң棬ɢ㣬¶öѾ죬ʱժȡǺö
ժ
Ըµǰ˵
һǰ־ͳһöժȡȥҪժȡһöӣɵ顣
ţ
һʱȴ֣ԼͺڸһɽϾһö˿ϣժ£һҲ¶֮ɫٴ£޷ժȡժ¡
ô
ץץԴֽ˵
ûõģ˽⣬ժȡַ⣬ժȡûа취ġҶ֪￴εӣЦ˵֮Уľˮˮˮľľ𡢻ˣľľˮˮ˻𡢻˽һѭ
ҪժȡˣҪûԵĹûͻȻ׹䡣ȡߣҲܽ밴Եʢװ򡣽룬ݣֻԵƷ䱾ԴʧԳ档
Ĺ屦Ȼ
ԭˡ
׵ͷһ㻹治֪мɻ䲻١
û⣬շûԵƷûʯͷĺװ׵ľͽöȫ
գ
ȫժȡһַֻڽϣȷʵ̺ŨϢ֮Դһ
˵Ҳ֣޼ڵĵϣȴµİγκθ붼û˺


474 Сǧ
ĸ޼ҪǿӼǿ󣬷ܵ޼Ӱ죬׾ͿԱγ޼ǽʣսҪγȴԺɡ棬ɷϡ
Ҳһ˿档
ΪѣĻ˵룬ǿаγûа취еİ취޼һ壬Ҳûа취ƿֻѡַû뵽֮ϲ޼棬޼ܶ˼顣
ҲӲ¶
ǳġ
ڰγ󣬶ʱԵЩǷϣɢĽⶼԵЩȻ棬֮Ȼֵĸı䡣
ˢ
һһ䣬ѾڵһʱսС
УõҲñǷϵĽʼָʣһɹȻȻĳŹ۹ȥѾεıңѾɳڽ֮صѾô
ǣе̺ޱȾȫ֧κҩĳɳ
еıԴڵõ󣬶ʱһɱԴķ￪ʼţӣתۼ䣬ĴСһһ롣
һɹŨʣܸܵƺøŨˡ˺ü
ȻϵıԴȻһ֮࣬ƱǡȻԽҩֽȥڵϾһǿ˼
аϲֱ仯ȻǺõġϲּ顣
ѣǸġ
ͻȻ򸵺ѩóһֻʯϻŸѩ˹ȥ
ѩֽ˹ȥһȻһöӲӵĽҲһ˿ݣ󣬴ӸոյĽ̸УѾܹ̽һ˿Ĺ屦ȴ־˹飬ɲ˵ġ
⡭
óȻ˴һԸѩԸԵЩɣҪȥȻҲԿ԰ĸĥĵز
ĻᣬһеڶΡ
Σ
ֻǣҪܣֻ£ԺⱲӶƳǣҪһˡ
Ѿﵽ񺣾ھأҪö룬͸ģûǷ˼ǰѹ֣ǿԽ࣬ǽеĻȨԽʵȨԽǿƳ˵ĺô
еȻһЦƽĿ˵
ѩץסʯϻû˵ʲôֱ
޼ô죬δ̫ϧˡƽܴƬƬ޼¶һϧɫ
Ҫھǿٵ
ֱһʺư
һ壬ûǿķи˵ģοǽ֮أһǱصʱпܱµѡܵõѾһδջ̰Ĳ㣬ǴɡĲ˵ǵĿģѹ֡Ժлǰ
ȻҲÿϧڵֶΣûа취ھġ
ֻ
˵Ҫ׿޼ôӻ취
Ҷ֪￪˵
ˮΪһȼգΪҺ壬Һˮ
ˮľΪˮľľ٣ˮΪ֮Դ
ľΪľȼϵĲϣľվԶϨĵ
Ϊȼ廯Ϊҽҽ
Ϊ̲ʯ֮Уұȡƽ
ĵԣҪƿ޼Բܣİ취Ǵ취
ľΪĸй߿ɾľһԣûʲôľھһ̺ʯĿϣǲ᳤ĿݵġΪطͲʺϲľ
ľΪǿͻϰǻľڴ֮ϵġ
ˮΪܷˮ
ˮ˻ΪˮϨһĿ֮Ȼؼ䣬Ƶ⣬û໥ġһãȫֿƷת
˽Ϊһܽǽ֮Ŀ֮һȻϣڻ˵ĽɲƣԵġǶ
ԣѵİ취취ҵҵ𻹲УôҪΪﵽһ̶ȣ֣Ҳ޷ӳǿҲκβ޼
ߣ뿪ԺлᣬȻԻֻҪʵ㹻Щ޼ǵġһ۵ûгɡȥ
Ȼ޼˭᲻ãɵòҲû취ɽ
뿪ã۲Ĳ
뿪תۼ䣬֮ٴλָƽʱƣԿ֮Ͽգٴθֳ˿˿ɫֻҪ֮ػڣûбƻͿԴԴϵ۾Ľֻ֮Ҫʱһͻ»ָ֮ǰɫƬľ
Ҫ˶ãֻɾء
ڼǰ
д˿ȴڡ
Ѿ»صڣѹϡ

һ䣬ԺзһϺ
һռɵĶٴοʼתĴɫۿɼٶȣٱɡռ䣬˲ţƷԲǧķΧ
ɱģǱһڿռ䡣ͬʱȫƷԲǧķΧƱݵͬʱҲζţڿռ䣬ڴƶռĽޣɽﵽСǧĲΡ
ͻƵһɲǣڱطģϣ֯ĵơԵ쳣죬һ¾ͷ췭ظı仯
ڿռԣǶ쵽ɱ䡣
رݣһ¾ǿʮֹ
֮üΪȡȶޱȡУַϣÿһڿռСؼǣЩڿռ䣬ʼɢһϢһֿ深ܵر仯ַϣڷ
ɶɱ磬ת䣬ϣøУȱ١
濪ʼԪرԴƷףԵɱ䡣Լ䣬־
Сǧ磬޷ΧﵽԲʮǧĴС붴ռʱȣ֮Ҫ͸ˡﵽСǧ磬ƷףҲֱӽײΣ൱ڷս֮ǿȴԶĽޡ
ӿֳһ˿ϲãĸоɱ䡣
ǣɫٶȼӿ죬תۼ䣬ڿռĴСٴοʼǡ
̶Ƭ̼䣬ŽɵĽɫȫ
ﵽԲǧӴΧ


475 ִ
ɱ䣬ɲֻڿռӣҲֻرԴɱ䣬ڿռУһɱ䣬ÿһ챦ֱɱͬʱɽӷɱɷӻƽ챦ɱ챦ɱ䣬ɣһ췭ظĸı䡣
֮ǿѾͬնܱۡԭʮֹǷɱ䡣ҪֱرԴ
һһɱ䣬ɱ䣬ֱ޷ġ
ͬӦһʵսǿ
ãɱú³Ϊеƣɵģû˭֪ɱ䣬õĻڹؼʱ̣𵽳䲻á
аһͷ
һʱѡ񣬲򲻵ѣ¶Ѿõ飬ңϵѾ׼䣬ֻܿ̽Ҫ¶˭²ⲻɱ䡣һ㣬Ҳ֮ǰûñֱɽԭ
ҪסĽɱ䡣
ֻԼ֪ģܡ
Ժɱ䣬ͻøѡʮǧӴʵһޱȾ˵֣ѣѣѣ
ǧѾķƸЩ챦󲿷ֵƷȫͽУɽɱݡҪ֪ⲻһڿռɱ䣬ʮǻһռҪɱ䡣ռҪɳķѵԴͨʮϰٱֹͳ˵̵ͬʱҲһ޵׶Ҫֱ̫ˡ
졣
ҪСǧɱǧ磬ʣʱǾԲܴɵġֻҪܳʱ䣬ͲͨƷ
ֻҪرԴ㹻ǿ󣬾ѹҲжѡ
ɱḶ́һϢ£Ȼɡ˭ûз֣ǸߵļڼѩȣǺʮֹ졣
ˣ볪衣
̻ʴ˿Դһ޾ɵģ뿪Ƴǣģһ뿪Ļڳǰо͸˽Բ衣
õ̻ʾôһ޾ɵӡƺʲô᲻
質Ƕôΰһˣ㲻ɱһΰң̻ʣһΪһΰĸ質ңҡ
ˣ㲻ô̻ҪΪ½ΰ質ңôڷǶĲ̡ҪǴ½ϵ飬ʵһʹ飬ʹޱȡ
ңǸ質ң¼һ޶̻ʡҲôҡ
̻һ߸ţһжزϵ߶
һڣ͸ͣȫһֶеĿߡԴԴϵڶ
ոմڻתУҪжɤҲüͷ޷ܵǣ̻ʶԼĲϴꡣʲôƨң質ҡֱ˶䡣
ˣ˵һ졣
ɫһһϺȡ
Ļżǿ
һ¾̻ʶıֻͣ۾ί͸Ũˡ
Ҫ裬Ҹᳪȵ˾ۼأʱҪ볪裬ȥЩ峪볪öԣʱҲ㡣ô
һתֱ˵
ģ
̻һӾͻָþӣüɫؽе԰ǲͱĸУ϶ҵڱʵֻ֪Ҫʱһչ϶ǧ壬Ϊ֮㵹ĵ߸ѵҪ𡣡
̻ԽԽڲֻ۾ɢŨ̹⣬һ˿⡣
ܱߵĽʿҲʶı̻ܿʡ
̻ʵ񣬾ͺǿһϾҪķ蹷
ɵ
пֻҡҡͷûж˵
ֻܵ
̻һȥɡ
һ·ǰУû·ĻҰУǿһ·
һ·ϣͬٵҩЩЩİģӲĿֻ̽ҪмֵͺͽУʵеҩࡣ
˿̵ҩĲӣѾɢһصҩ㡣
Լ䣬Щҩһص£ķʽ໥ںϣ֯һƺʲôҩӣҲڲϵļӿ졣
ٲݵ
ܸоı仯ٲݵסֲȥԭȾѾռĴҩҩײ£ʼȻȻһɱ䡣ŨҩܵĿʼٲݵڵϵ
ٲݵ嵮ƷףȴҪֵҩ࣬ƷסȻԽ࣬İٲݵԽ졣
ٲݵҪһβ̵ʱ䡣
ҪҩҪıҩ
аԳֻҪռҩҩܼӿٲݵʱ䡣
֪УڻҰдҹ
һɽǰ
ۼӦþǰ档Ѿܵһǿڽ֯áЩԴϢ⣬ӦþεĿĵء
Ҷ̧֪ۿǰգ˵¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫ
⽫ʱмأǾŵʷʱ̡
ڵˣƬɽִܵĿĵء
̧ͬۿ˹ȥһ˿ءǰĿĵأͬҲδ֪ţ彫̤֮Сܲռһϯ֮λͿһεˡ
λʵֻҪ㹻ǿ󣬾壬Ҳѹɱ
ڼ¶һĨЦǶʿôܻηɱ¾
ߣȥЩ塣׵ͷ˵
ѾȲˣҪѰҵ֪
̻ڴ˵
ͬʱɢһɰս⡣һ¶ηĿ⡣
䣡
һ̤Խɽ
̤ɽ֮ʱԶľȴжӿֳһ𾪡𾪵˵
áô󣡣Ҷ֪﷢۾Ҫɵĵ
ǲ˼飬ĽôΪ˵ֵרŽô˲Ĵֱʡ
ƽ
ôһųǡѩҲ̲סһ
дһ˿𾪡
Ǵֱʣһ޳ǡ˶ݵʱڣֱܽ漣ڴſʼ죬̶̼ʱڣͽ쵽˹ģǾǲ˼顣
Ҳ̲סһа𺳡
еģȻһ޴ޱȵĹųǡ
󣡣
ͬһĴ󣬿һ޳ǡһǡռ֮㣬޷һۿȥ޴ĹųǾȫǰȫռߡ
ϸȥֻ£ǧס棬ңоκεӵܿģĳǽ
ǳǽһʶĴɽһȻһ壬ʮϰ֮ߡ


476  ū
˾޴ĳǽȴûһ˿ķ϶·ǴӴֱӳһһۿȥ˸оε壬ʵ̫޴󣬴ѹ޴ڡĹųǣƳǻҪֹһڴϣɽ޿ɺ
ڼʱھͽģʵֵӣ߾裬ʵԲеôСͲ֪彨ģһֽġ
ڼ΢΢۾˵
űʵĲǵ彨죬ɣʵͲһĿֲһ죬ǾζţȻǿȴǲɺ
Ӧ죬ңֻǳǽѣӦûڽС
һ˵
ԲţʱΣЩ㹻ʵ̣׽һ˾޴Ĺųǡ
δЩ̫šǲŵġ
Ҫ壬Ҳġ
ߣǹȥ
пûԥֱĳ޳˹ȥ
ϸȥ޳һƬ޴ƽԭϣڸһ޴ĳӷָ˵ʮ죬Ƴӡ
һӣᴩķʮֺ嫣еĺˮʱΣˡ
ӣźܶˣܶկǳ򣬶ǽӸ壬ҲࡣԵĽзвͬƳУӣǳ֮Ϊӡ
˵ӣ಻֪쵽δж೤Ǿͷ
࣬Ԣţһˮĸ֮ӣܸҪݡ
ԣΪӡ
˵ҲõƳаһµͬԣӵȻȻıɳӡڰеĵλʮָߡ
γƺģûʲô̫Ĺϵֻһ㲻ı䣬ǾǣǧȴʼնһΪֶı䡣
ڳӱ޳ǣԳΪǵΪ赲ֵһȻ̾޳ǣзأ赲ȺطȻѡļã׼޳Ϊѹ֣Ϊһߵսһѹ֡Ҳдˡ
ڼһߣһɨܣ˵
λʮֺáҰɽˮгΪǵڳȺ˵ֱӻɣԳӣȺγɳ泱Ҳᱻһ֣ϳ泱Ĳ
ԽǿԽǸоųеĿѹ
޴ĳǽڵסһߡӾϾ͸һǿҵĳ
ǽͨĲ죬ǽȫǸɡӦĳֽʯתɸͨʿתͨ嶼Ǹس̶ȡǾˣޱ˵á
ĿڳǽϣɢĽҲ𾪣Ȼͨʯͷĸޱȡʮǿ
ֻһܹʯתɸʿǾ˴ΧڵĳǽתʿӦò٣ΪҲ͡
ܿڳн
ˡ
ʳħ
ˣ
޳ʱѾԿڳſڣӰͬȻԲͬ塣һǧͿĲˣҲдûмˡֻһͳĳƺҲֳɺܶࡣ
ֲֳͬɸ塣
ͬ
ڳſڣء
ص壬ȻһȺƤƤ׵ĸߴˣ޴ըԵļ⣬϶һž޴ͷͨ忴һͷֱľǣž޴ĳĿɨܣʮ䣬ǡϣԾһɺ⡣
һˣſڣɢϢѪȣ̡ʮѪ
壬вɵ
ڳϣż޴Ĺ֡
ʯǣ
ʯһڳǰɴݻ٣㳤ô
п޳ǵʱҲԵͷĲ˵Ѿ¶һѹֵľģҪڳͬһʯ㣬Ķ
κݻ١
ڳţǽϣŴ塣
䣡
еĲų˹ʿĲʱ̤ڵϣݳƣʮǿңһڿ
һ֣ͳ׾ǽϵ塣ҲӦ
Ĵʲô塣
ˣ࣬塣徹ȻҲ˹ֻӣƺƲϵװʮ־
壬ʲôǿߣȫһȺСĸһļһ֮ǰ٣һָͷܴΪѪʳȴʮζζܺá˻ԡ
Ҳˣʲôǿߣľӣ͸һһ־ͿԻɱЩҲϹİɡ
ֻӵƣƺлǲȱǿߵġ˵һսʮֲ
ߣ壬ֻΪǵʳЩһ𣬼ֱǵݡ
ھ޳УдŴǰоȣк棬Ҳвм¶һȫ̬УǾѪʳֻΪʳһʵûУ̫ˣʱԻɱһ㡣
ܶ壬һǸоͺǰԼһһ
ʮ
ǿܡ
վסʲô塣
ſڣһߴĿдŴֱӷǳסǰĽŲ
壬Уǰμӵֵ֡
пǰˣһĨ䣬Ȼ˵
Уݳһţ˿
壿ߣǿ𡣲һȺСĸһ壬ɲĵطһֻ¶Ц˵
壬ǾʳҪҲԣǵūǿԵġȥǽ췿ݣʯͷ
У֮ɫԱ
ıӣһ㶼ûڣ壬С˿Цܶ࣬ɱ͸Ǹһ򵥡һ㷴ûСȫûвܿ塣
Ȼһľӣֻˣ˵ͨڳ۵Ͳϰ֮ࡣǾԲţóʲôľӡ
μӵֵֵģȷǽȥ
΢΢ü۾ǰˣ˵
ȻѾϵпܻῴ壬ǵΪѡû뵽ȻſڣŶýɣһӣһӡ
ҪǴȥ涼Ҫ⡣
ľ档
ֵֵģϣǿԲҪȥԣԱ߽ţǱ߲Ӧߵġ
һһЦͻȻ˵
һָ֣һߡ
ֻڳűߣһͨ
ֻǡС
һ


477 質 ̻
ǿµģǳػ޽УʵҲ㲻Ƕֻ˵һСš˿̰ڷھ޴ĳǰһ²Ƕ߽ȥҲǶ
ҪǱĴ˳С߽ʯС
ǽ˳ǣɣϣ᳹׶һɶβ档
һ衣ϵ裬˸ϵ衣
ȫûнͬȵĵλϿͬūϣһ㿴ߵѪʳǻ߶ʳʣ˭Լеʳκء
ƽȵĵλϣǸǲܡ
ȷǡ
۾ЦſǰˣԵʮֵı䡣
ǲǽ߲ԼԸǾ͹ֲñˡ
ڳǽϣһʳħЦ˵Ȼ˵Եʮͬ¶ֵ֧̬ȡ壬͸ùԹԵʳĽɫQǺܲԵ顣
Ӧٻǰμӵֵ֮¡첻ǽǣ֪ôٴο˵
ߣ岻һȺߣϣ壬ǰμӴսʲôã˵ҪǸϺȡţ֪Ҳͬǵľ
һЦ˵
һ㶼ûжҡ
ܺãȻˣǣ岻Ҳաýǡһ³ǡֵ֣ҲһݡǣҲη塣壬ǿϢء
Ц³һ
ҪǸһС߽ȥܡӦ嶼Ҫ˶ѼҡӣȫûˣҲҪɥʧһա˵κ壬ʵ㣬ţǣҲ̤롣
ҽҾԼһǳΪפء
ʯǣҲԴһµĳǳءֻҪ㹻Լ˾㹻ΪģֻΪΪȻô뿪ԵܣСô
Ҫ߿ԣɱ˵
岻κ塣
ٺ٣廹ǲƤΪô㣬ı䲻Ѫʳߵʵȵѹ֣廹Ǳʳ䵱ūĺá⣬ζɿڡҲУһԵʱͳԼ
ڳǽϣʳħǲм˵
ڳǽϣܶҲеʮֲм϶б֮󣬸оûӣľǿеĶѡ
һЦ
ҲЦ
ߣҵطǣ
ȴЩĿ⣬ǾôġҵЩ忴Ц֪ԼҲһЦ
ǣ
ڼĿһתЦŵͷӦ
˿ûΪ֮еɥ
ǿֻԼ֪
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ħħǸ̹ôܣôܳôĸ裬Һ޲Լֱˣǿµĸ
ҲûãֱԺеģϣεĿܣûãһһֻڻоġǰǡ̫ˡ
һȰҪҪֲκεˣҶҪֱֻ̻Ƕħ
ڳУһ尦̾޾ɵ˵
֮ǰʵ̫ˡ
һ춼ָ
˵вΪܲԴ治ʱֳħֱԴǽײȥ־ٶΪһֳײײţιȥˡȻ󣬾ʲô֪ˡ
ιȥҸ
ϣͳֺܶĻ档
һ壬ǽߣԴǽײ
磡
ڰУһ𣬼ӾͳһΡ
治֪ôˣΪʲôҸоԴֻ̹ﳪʯǶ͸һֹ죬Ǳħǿߴ쿪ʼһֱڲͣĴ硣û˵ʿðġֻ̹ġ
ʿ˿գǹŹֵ˵
ֻ̹ģǾجΰ
˭ɵӣЩ仯ɶԴ̻֮󣬾ͳֵġ
˵Ⱥڸפһǡʮּ̡һʱ䣬ɽȻ󣬿ȴһΪ̵սݡ
ʿ˵
鲢ǱֳôĮġȡˮһô飬ڸҪⶼ֪Ҳڡ
ǱЩ죬ȻǰǽţΧ󣬳ǽߣҿڳǰһγͻһЩ壬ȫ档
ʿǲм˵
Ȼһ㶼Ľ֡
ΪƳǳУգμӵֵ֣ڳӱ߽Ǳݣи彻ײ㣬Ϊøܹ໥ͨޣԣشұУУ壬ʿǰУȡԼƷڱУӵиƷۣƵķҩȵƷۡߣǰȡס
ʯкܶ嶼޾ɣһǷϣԸʱֻһĻԶʯϿջص
ǳУȻȻ
е˼
壬ǡ
徹ȻҪУҪʲôѵ֪֮ǰǾ֮ô⵽Ҫʲô
Ȼò˵廹ɣĺܶණģƷƳΪĵҩԸķҪЩ⻥лֵȥһ
֪Ͳ֮⣬ĺܶණ൱ġ
ʯУҲʼ
ò˵еһЩҲǺܳɣּգǺܶ߱ơп˵˵ĸƷͬʮ־޴
ߣһЩˣȥǿ
ʯУֻһԺСȻۼһȺ塣еһ壬ʮƣֻǶǺ䣬Ҳű־ԵĺβУǳľ⣬ǳıߣ඼Ժ塣
岻ңʮ
УеĴ඼ȽӢŮģУŮƯңĶʮڴʼ䣬ܶʱ򣬺嶼ͨǿȡ޴棬õֺô
ŮУǼΪġ

һ̣ڿʯǸԶһɽС
ֻһ֧ǰдʱͣ¶һ˿ɫ
壬Ƴǣֵܡ
Ϊ׵һߴһЦ˵Ͽһ޴ĸͷţ峤ţ˭ҲƳǣڵֵʱְæԡѪɱ
ߣ峤ȥǱ߳ģġƳǳ峤ǺġһܣһȹơҪȥˣҪúдҾӡ
ţһ˦ͷһ˵
ããã
峤ģġ˵ʳܺóԣҪƷһˣϴ峤Σ׵ĸѩһζǱǰĴֲΰͲ֪ҪöٱЩϣǺö
ߣߣߣ˵òһģһʮƣȻһЩҲǲ࣬ĺܶණȥȥ
ţһƤŸͷսȱߴһ鼡̽һɢըԵһĿҰϢϡ
һţҲЦ֣Եڡ


482 
СڣУҲΪǢģ˴˼䣬˼Ǻܶ࣬лǴһ˿һ˿ӡҲ˺ܶ๴Ķǡһ㣬ȷʵкѿõġټţô׵峤
ţԽӵǢЩס
ţĻ׷׺ԥľͳڵıλøϹȥ
Ĳ˵ȥвɹһ˵
Ƴеĸʣţʮȣ֮ǰΪûʲôֵǮĶƳлȡƷ࣬һΣǺúõѪƴһΡ֡
ڸٸʯǵ壬еĻ󣬳˼һ£ҲʼʶĳűǵķȥĲ˵ϣóּյ飬Уʲôܡ׾ܱ֪ŸҿУǾͿ϶һĵ̡
ſʸʵֻеĿʼ
ȻҲúܶ尵һ˿Ȥ
ֻȥҪûпҪģҪƷȫֱ뿪ûκƣ˭ʱ䣬οҪڻҵҪıء

˿̣ڱУѾ׼
Կ
һɱɵ̯λÿһ̯λҪƷƷʱõ
ڳλãǼ޴ĸ̨
̨רŸµĽ֮ء̯λ߶˴ϵΡң˿̣̯λϣѾڷŸƷ
һ׹սа׹սǴ󡣸ָķһƿƿװõĵҩһƥƥƽ־ĹǴɣư֮ġǳԵģõġһӦȫ
һ̨ϣǰڷŶѻɽңӲӡɢһ˿˿ذĽɫϼ⡣
ڸ̨ϣѦţ¶һֺƵЦݡΧƳǵ̯λϣƳ򱦵оͨҵó֮µĵ֡
ҹռţƳеȡġ˳㻹˴ʡ
νףͬҪΪ׻ңĽס
ֻԭʼĽ׷ʽнףܶƳǲôˣ۸Ըңߡ̤ΪҵĹؼһ
Ļ𡣡
վڳǽϣҶ֪Щǵѯʵ
ȻģôǿҲԲǴ⣬ֻҪеĻ㹻ã㹻ңһ޶ϡǾһóȥ岻һģ壬ǣҲвġЩ˾ͻƿڡ
ֻҪǰ˳ɵһʽףȥȻṴȤκεжԶʱģΨġ
еȻһЦƽ˵˿ûκεǡ
һδεֻ̡䣬ûĵжԣֻ棬ֻҪ㹻ǵﶼܳһ㣬ڵ֮ңԣĶǣÿ춼ڣոһգ긴һ꣬һٲ֮գĪڻҡĪڻʹ󹬡
ֻҪ㹻棬ǰһɱˣһ̾ǹѡ
ڣоڸ档棬ԶܲôĸƷЩûеԵֵסջ
飡
ʱֻһ󼱴ٵĺУֻԶɽУһӰ˳һ͸ҰһߴɢҰϢ
ֵܣţˣ쿪ӭӡ
ֻΪһˣŸͷ
ˬʵЦ
ţ㡣
Ҳһ۾ͽţϳ
ţ֮ĽȻֻмΣܺθڣ˴˼䵹һЩ飬ټҲĸϵû𣬶ңƢҲʲôദȻõ϶󣬿ཻ£Ȼ˴˼ĽҲˡ
ңƢϣҲţѡ
ڿӣţԼĸǰ׼ֵֵĴս
ģƺԼ֮ǰĴʱֱӸϵ
ٺ٣峤Ǵеĺֱ֣ӹͶˣ˵￪УʲôöóǮ򡣡
ţЦ˵
룡
Ҳ¶Цݣûж˵ֱ˳ǽţһȺǳСЩ￴ɱĳǳأݣһȥǺĴֺ֮ɫֱӱ¶ϣǵ˼ܵӵܶ˶ûʲô̫Ļ
ǿֵܣȻͻΡ
˼ñǳأ˲𡣡
ǽӲҵȭͷ棬ûóǽѿǽĳǽҪȻ˼롣
쿴ʲôôöҡǰ峤ʹһЩңٶȡֱǱ
һЩʿ̲סŴͣĴڿڸ̨ϣѻɽʱһӶҪɵõ
׷Χȥ
öңֵܣڳôʲôջʵ̫ˣţҪˡţһĭ˵
ɫı¶
Ҫû
еȻһЦ
ġţ۾һеĿٴҶѻɵСɽϣһ룬Ϳһ̹⣬ɫʱ䣬һֽУ̻ʣֻ񹷡
ţ̻ſҵǮɽ֮¡ɲ̻ʣ˿ſڵϺ˯
ţҲɫ䡣
֮ǰ̻ƳгʱţպƳУ׼ժһȻ󷵻ز䣬û뵽ôһΣجһ顣̻ʵĸ¶ûа취ȫԺ̻ʵĿ⣬벻ɵѡ
еȻһЦ
̻ڣţʯеЩѻɽңҲԲҳᡣ
ţ֣ڱнףƳв࣬ҪΪףڽ֮ǰԽԼеıĵرϡҩҡٹƷǶһҵĵط
ƽ˵
ãҿ׼ġǣóˡ
ţһЦ
ϣ
һҲǺǺһЦóһ
ʱͿһ߾޵ʬ
ϬţХǣıԳ
һƷ׶Ǽߵʬ֣ڵϣҲǶѻɽŵŨŨѪϢޱɱŽУԱܳʱ䣬ڶܿѪʬһ˿
ֵܣЩղա
ţ۾УѯʵƳпȡʬ壬ң۸񻹲ξ˼ɱ˲ǿޣǴѹֺ󣬾ȥƳһˣȡʣû뵽￪УȻ˳


483 
գΪʲôա
еȻһЦƽ˵
޵ʬ壬Ѫ⣬ѪҺȵȣЩǱѪҺƷ⣬ƷѪ⿳ɶʳ
ÿһ֣ǱֻҪģͿ书ЧӳʮֹԭʼĴֵʮֹĶȻܾ֮⡣
ЩϣϬţĽǣƳֶıƷҲƳ㡣òˣУܽ÷ӵ
ѦţֵܽЩʬļֵһ£۸㣬ѣֵܡֵܲԿ
ЦŶѦ˵
ǣѦǲѳԿġ
ѦᣬͷӦ
һ򱦵ԱͿʼнһûѹƼ۸񣬶ǰƳ޼۸жһóĴʬ壬Ҳһʮöҡ
ţеı
ţʬѾһ꣬ң۸񹫵һ㶼ûѹơҲǰԴϲеθǿҡһҿɲʲôһЩʾûˣȻлı
ţлкö֪ʲôҲɵһ˿֮ġ
ȻǺöֵ뿴
ţЦ˵ʿЦŴ򿪴

һУȻԿһ龧ӨʯϳڵϡЩʯɢ˿˿⣬ңӨ͸ƺճơܸ̺ܵһ˿˿
ǵģԪ
ȻԪ࣬ȴ̺һԣԣ̺øӾ죬żĺôһ㷽ղ˵ģ̺ʯУ񣬴˵ǱƳ
ҪǿԷã;ʮֹ㷺ƸƷҲжϣӲҪ˵˵ЩֱоǿΪǴս塣
ʯ֪ҪϡٶٱȻֵҲ
һļֵԿʮʯҪ
廹ҪеƷΡ
͵ǰһǳ
˿̣ǰģһ龧ӨѩϾİɫʯһɫʯȻǰƷײͬȻĸ̺ܵŨĲࡣ
㾹Ȼҵ󡣡
Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ƳǸûҵû뵽ᱻţĲҵȻԵһܹȫռеġʿͬȡָĻԵ
ٺ٣ô˵Ǻöɡ񣬰ǲ䶼õģղеֻܴߣлԪãࡣûȣ㡣Ǻöɲܿҡ
ţһЦŵ˵
ɵӣıֵԲܻ̫ͣ͡ɲɡ
öɣһҿԳʮöңһʮöҡҪǾÿԣǾͽףҪòֵãǾˡΡ
΢󣬿˵
ǵһοʲô۸νףûԣǸ֮ĶһҪɣȻҪ˫⣬һӹɣҲؼǣͨʿûа취
ֻƷ֮ġֵ˶
ֻںʵУܷӳЧ
ԣ۸ǾԲ
ţܵ໥һۺ󣬵ͷڴӦ
۸û
ǶԣұҪôԼԿ
ãʼ㣬ҪȫһôЦ˵
ȫһҽнסҪò꣬ǻţϵң鵤ҩ
ѦҲٳּ
Ӧļ۸񡣲ʱѾѸټЩ۸ֱӴﵽϰľֵȻ˲զࡣ
ţţˣ϶ֹס¶һֻϲЦݡҲû뵽ЩԻȡôңҪ֪ЩڲУֻһֶѣкܴһڲ䣬ӲҪ˵һǲġ
ԴԴϵĲƸ뱦ء
峤öö׹սͲԼĹҪõö࣬Գܵסҵȫӳǿƻ
սЩ׹սƼ׼ۼ׶䴩Ժɱޣ͸ӷ򵥡
ǳԵ𡣾ȻþʳװŵģܸоװĿ϶ϡζ֮ǰ峤һУһζʳ񡣿ˮ
Ǵ˵еĲƥɡ˵·ƤҪĶ࣬ңʮ־ƯҪһ
Щ˶ʲô棬ʲôȤƷǼһʲôǳԵɱޣȵɽȪˮƤƤ¡￴˾ƷЩǴɣȵȣУǶı
ֿȫԱ
ңЩҲûʲôԥϲĶԥĿʼ
ڻеƷ۸ܹ
Ϊרļ۸ϣ۸ԭȱ۸ҡԴˣûеֻ幺Ʒʱһһһһһ̶ֲеĲۣҲԶžû̫Ļеè˵ȥĿܡ
ǱǣȻǰǽ彨ĳǳؿǱô򵥡Ӧʲôڡ
˿̣ڱ⣬ǰ
ȻԿһʿѾִ
ǰģȻһһװŮӣ欣ʮָֻϵɴȴò޷һԺȴܿĳݡβ֪ͣϣѷֱ֮
ȫۡ
С㣬ҪСģϾ֮ǰǱ𣬾֮⣬廹רŪһеǿߡʿˡԲܵģ˭֪ʲô㡣
Ů󿪿ѵУżɵ䱸
һıԣȫһˡǺԡ
⣬Ȼ忪ڷϢȻ岻ôΣաŮЦ˵ǰͶܺ棬ÿԽӴһ£忪У϶кܶصƷֵһۡ


484 
Уֳһ˿ǵɫ
ŮӣǱô򵥡
ϣҪǿ˼Խթһ䣬Ϳ˼ת֮ǰѾеĹϡ
ңѡΪǰǵһԱ
ʲôö𡣡
кǿԴɵ˵
УһǱĶʵ̫ˡСע⣬飬ֻҪԸ⣬ȫԽ峹ɱһա
֮ǰҲˡ
УȷʵһʵģƳǾ֮һ
Ƴǿһ·̤ʬǳɳһʥذĴڣʵ֮ǿԵֵֹûбƳǳأǿ󵽽ɱܣɱУһ·ɳһ·ѪȣµǣƳеľӣȫʿӵս൱¡
ҲǺεĻУȸϹһԭ
ƳǵǿóĶ϶ͨƷûмֵĶóԼ档ʧܣƳǸеһǧɡǳ׻ΪУΪЦ
ҪС壬˵жǿֻ߲Ϊֻܷɽţ֮ڡóؼľδػΣĵ̣š
Ůζ˵
ȻеһЩ黹˽⡣ǿЩ顣
ߺˡ
ڳǽϣֱӷһǳ⡣
ܣѾ鲼Ŵ֣ĿܣѾңһ£ͻŷȥ׽ɱƿ
еĴڣͬҪǿʵ֮ϣȻô֤׵˳Уô֤治ܵ𺦣ǹǵ
ҺСǰΪ˲μӻСôѵȥɡ
һǿ۾˵
Ȼȥעⲻ£򣬳ʲôɱûѡУƶ䡣󻢳˵
űûйرգڵõ󣬾Ϳɽ
ǺС㣬ҲǰԵͷûгɣǰ߽УһȥܸܵһֺȻڿлصȴʮֺ䣬˵Ϊһ㺮ʲô̫Ӱ졣
񱣳һֱȽѵ״̬С
ʲôûС
Уһֺ΢΢üЩ졣ȻʲôݽûУȫǿյģ׵ľһճǡ
̯ܵλǰ衣
ˣ塣
ʲôǮôӲӣҫۡѻɽоһ־ⲻͨĻҡ
쿴⼸̨ϣлö
ãܣҿˣǮɽ档ſһ˯ˡ
ڵִʱһǿ۾ʼ¶ǿҵȤ˶ѻɽңһ̨ϣڷŵĸʣ֮ǰ˵һʲôҩȫӦоС
λεս󣬶ͷƤ飬һ۾ܿսеĴɱ
˵ĻɵĴɽֱϹ˵۾κ˵ĳǾ޴ģһ۾ܿҵĲ
µĻſԱߵ̻ʡ
ڿ̻ʵһɲǣке̰֮ɫͷͨͨڵһʱ䳹ѹȥ˭û뵽ôһجΣȻٴγǰôֱſڵϣһ˯ģеĿ־壬ͽ񳹵û
һ£ʲô˼ûˡ
Ц˭̻ǰͷֻڿһɲǣΨֱ֮ܵĲ죬Զһ뵽̻ʵĸһʶͿʼͷʹ
֢Ǻ֢
ʶ˼漴Ҳµ̻ʿ϶һרս衣ʱӣʧһաȡ֮ġһǿҵļɵ
λѣƳǳУ׵ѡ
۾һתĿϣ΢ЦſѯʵȺе̫أҪѣͬȺһĿȻ
СǿǰμӻСҪƷɹ򣬺ơ׵ĻΪס֧
пһۺȻɴòȴҲԿĳһλӡ
ȴûκα仯ƽ˵
׳֪ﶼЩʲôıۡǼ۸ʣƷǺԴĳԽ򡣡
Ц˵
¶һΪȤ̬ڽ̸ͬʱҲעܣѾʿ˷ܵĴ
սսǹȵȣܿĳǾƷ
ٿЩǴǸƷ˵ľ
ѾǿҵĿ
Ʒ
ƽҲһۿϲ
ܹһ£ǿʲôϲƷ򡣡
еȻһЦûж˵
ҲƺûҪ˼ûо΢Цһתȥ̨ϣϸۿ
ǿսսѾһ൱µı񺣾֮ڵκʿ¶ĪвҪǳսϣγɹģ˲Ϣ䣬һļꡣк˿󣬽ŶƲʼ㣬һ֧ܲƻǶôľ޴
÷Ыս˵Ыõľսޱȣң󣬻ٶȼ죬̺綾սϣҲǴɱ
һԺǻۣһ۾ѾʼԺвݣЩװϣôı仯
һ㣬뵽ŵսףһ㶼ʵжǿ
аԵһ屾֮ģʱһɨաԾһ˿ɵ
þĴжеĴôƯҪǳԷȾƣΪߣֱЩ嶼Ҫ
ܶ˿ЩĹǴɣͿʼƲŲǿҵĿڲ
־Ʒû̫ĵֿ
öȻƷײǺܸߣ̺ͨͬʱȥƻҲ൱ˡ
ʳôȻᷢ⣬滹̺ʳǰһӶûƷģô
ιʱҲϵķʱ
һǾȵƷô׵İڷ̯λϡǴĳ֣¼ĶҲ̬ȣԵת䡣
һʮֿµ塣ܹƳֹߣ챦ݴǳѰơ
һ߿Ҳһ߰Ժиֳһͷ


486 
ûʲôȾƹ˺þƸ˷ܣ͡
ȻĺþһҪȥˣ⻥беҪ˼Ĳ˵ΪƣҲȥɡоƹ͵͵ĭ˵ɫ䣬ѾһȲĸо
ͬȥͬȥ
ߣϱһȥ˵Ǳ׵ңңʲôϣҪøֱȥһңȻܹƷҪûǮƣ˵Ǿƣһڰ׿ˮȲ
԰Ƶʿûгɣɵľͽ뿪ʯǣǰǣμӻУĲ˵һҪǻϿһ
ⲼƥûУɲͨĲƥ֯ĶĲƥЩ˿Ҫ󣬴˳ʲ˵ƽ˵Ƴɷ·ۡǺöǰûпĺöβ˲ƥ·һ£ʹԡһܺÿ
кŮϲıһƥϸţе˳
˾ĲƥûŮӻ᲻ϲģ֮ģΪԭı䣬ԱԣǸı䲻˵ġ
ʯкܶŮӿ۾ðһǿҵʡеĿͱ
ŮӰͬϲʱȡ
еģȻһҪС
Ǵ󲿷Ůӵԡκʱı䲻ˡʱ֮ġʲôʱ޷ġ
һŮҲڳɣ׷׿ʼȺӵĸСЩЩŮ޷ֵջ
þıսޱȣɢ֮սôһѣȻԴĳۡܽЩȫװУս
սìսЩڳ۵ķΧ֮ڣƳǵʵѵôǿôҪǰȥһĲ˵ЩҪŪһֻҪõѹֵĹУޱȾ޴档
ʯе尵һ˼
幺򵽸ֱУжʱ˼ҪǴҶûУ˭ûû˵УԼȴûУʵϣͻֱ仯еͷȻͲƽ
еģԼȴûУͲԡ
Բ
һ㣬Ҳ⡣
һôҪȥһλУԿһǲôãܵõ˶Ʒ
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Ĳ˵ֻǻУ峹׵ϸ֮СŵƵĴȵƣԵ⿵ʳҪ֪嶼ѡ
йȻ챦ʤöϣȴ֪áǱû뵽ﾹȻܵõһ̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡
վڳǽϣŴ˿̳ﲻгһ꿴СɲͨȻС磬ȴޱһֱûҵһ䡣
ģҲӡź
źϣͬΣʮ졣̺ЧΪĲ֡
ഫ޲ϣ̺컯˲вȱдܣԽź⻯ٵ˵һѵõ챦ǿУܷӳЧ
εõʿʶֻ֪һҩȴ֪ЧڻȡϣԵļ۸ֱӶһȥ廹ϲصġ˿֪Լһ챦ҪȻֻ޶
飬ڻУ
кöܶ࣬ɲйЧֵĶҲࡣЩЩ׾ٵĶһȥȡңһ˵ӡȴ֪Լʧ˶ôı
Уٴζ˲ٵ챦
ϲϲ䱦
ڼվһԣЦ˵۱壬δЩ̫ðա
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ȻһЦ˵
Щôܻûпǹ⣬ɲôģûȫ׼ȥĶԺпܳΪв
Ҫǲ÷ʩô׵ĳ۸塣
οǾҪԴԴϵĹһԴԴϵȡһ׬ȡǮƣȡ棬ƺֶΣֶΪ
ڼ֪мȻô˵ǾͿ϶һİգͷȻѾ׼ͺá֪Щοǳ٣Щֵܷס֡
Ȼ񣬲ò˵ʵСӡκһ壬֮Ǻ壬ǼƳ˼ͬСʳħηУ壬սǿʵǿټϴеõıսһӳǿֵ֣ӦÿԷӳǿ
һȻ˵ڴ󲿷嶼û̫ĺøУܾʹ˷ǵʵ
ֻ»ܿ¡֮ǰҶ֪һ̽ܣܱѾµĳ϶оϢ֮ȻһС׵ƻʲôȴҪ֪Ѿ̽鵽⸽һȻˮ⡣
ڼ˵Ѿźһʿפڵ̰ϣһʽ񻯣;򿪵̰ӣԺˮȺԶԳȺɾ޴˺ˮ飬ƻ󡣡
սҪһȫڣ˽Σ֣Ǿıʿıܡһпõģıȡ棬ʤ
ǸĿꡣ
ʦȻǾʦһҲǸһ·ȻһϣٿһơаԵͷ
ЩƺڱУܷΣǲΣδزһıڹؼʱ̣á˵䣬Уһ˿ΪΣյĹâ
Ǵ˵еĶʿʩչı֮˵ʷУǰéɲʲôƲ磬һôĶ֪
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487 ȺϮ
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һҪƣǾǶݾأֻ˽˺Ҫʲô˼Ļ˵Ļ˶ܴѡ٣ţ䶼شǳ
⣬жһæֹԳΪѣδؾͲΪһ壬ңţǿʵףңԲȫΪѣΪѡѣǶƣƳǣ
ɫ䣬һ˿
һˣĵ߶᳹׸ı䣬գ߽;ٲ
һλûеߵˣǾԲߵĳá

ڼȴ¶һ˿ЦݣпеĿ⣬øӵ𾴣һ˿ǿҵϿɡֻͬϸǷֵԼȫĸ̽ЩǼƹ˵ıʿԣʱпܳ֡
Упܱ¶ıԡ
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ȻϿɣҳ֮ҲǿԱ֤ġ
Բʲô顣
ܶѾúûС
׵ͷٴѯʵ
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ҪǱǵλøʯǴģǳǴӴӺӶ׵ʯǣʯԵ֣ǵѹСϺ֣ܶ࣬Ҫױ¶ضþضáֻҪǲ˵ٻɣЩҲ˵ʲô
еȻһЦ
ʯǽ֮飬ûΪеô׵׿ǡûô岻ǿǺãȷͷ飬岻κϣȥֵֻβֵĹ
γ֣ôܿĳЩ飬ʵ
ڼ֮뷨ıϡ
ڼЦ˵йͬĵˣȻԺƽһ岻ˣֻ£ҪԵģп壬ǣ֮УҲ϶ҿɲţĿԺƽֻѹ£ǿۺһѡ⣬ֻǳ⡣£Ҫǲ㣬Ժ֪ôġ
֮ĲУ֮Ĳޡһеĵ˵ӰԶ˵ĵ㹻Ħһӡ

ʱһΣʱȻš
УڵĻУ˵ǳ𱬣ÿ춼µִ챦ԴԴϵĻ۵ƳУ۳壬רΪҶƷĵرóһңȻѾҵ̵֮ᡣ
ΪٶȡκβεʿЧζţ⼸һЩĵҩ˵ѷɫȻҩпĹҪ࣬ǣǺġ
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ǣڷ֣Ϊңн׺ʯУʼΪ׻ңȡ֮ǰﻻķʽϣǰһ󲽡
ۺ죬Ҫ̽ңҳҵķšô飬ô̽ûа취Ϥҵ죬̺ܹ˵ꡣңǻңԹǮҶΪۻĶۻģĪǮơ
ڹŴͭǮʿУһ֮ͭ˷ꡣ
ʵǮϣܿܿϵĸͷ̫ЩȻۻޱȣһãͻꡣǣڵ;лܱұ¯ɣȻһ塣ͷֲеĲϳɷ֡
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һ㣬úܶǻ۳߶һĪչҵģƵĻңȴ֣
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궼ܵСĳ
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488 
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ɣʯǣǲģԲӿԺġ
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ӣ˴ӣѪħãӶϣڵѪᱻ˲Ϣɴ롣ʮײСԲЩ
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ͷСѪħãһڣʲôѪħãԼȡ൱ѪҺʮ־ˣңаѪ֮


489 ֲ
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490 ө
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ڳǽϣ϶¶һޱȾɫ
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˭Ԥϲħ۽뾹ȻͻȻ䳯ų֣Ĵɱ¾һ㶼û飬ɱ׺ޱȣչ¶ҲޱȾˡսϵɱš
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495 
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ҵȻͨԽЩµĳӣԻߵεֵ֣Ҳ۵һ˭˵Һ岻óսġԷӳԵá
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ڿʿԼĿ⣬Եȫתǿҵš
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ۣ
һɫ˿ӿţͷסƣ˿ȴΪ͡һѣǧѡ
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ɱ
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ۣ
һУţӲ̽֩ڣһ¶
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飡
һУţͷ֩룬ͬʱڵϣϵʧ


496 ˱
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Ŀһսʿ໹壬аһ˿ǿҸдһս˵ʵ򣬴ӿʼֻǶ̶̼䣬Ѿ׽
֩ǹ룬գì磬ңֻìʱԷ˷ʤ˿ͷЩħ۽֩սͬУĴڡƥߣָ
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νؼ䣬Ķս֮һ
ո˫ɱʱһս֮ǿֻѾ񺣾Χ˵磬ս
ϧţͷȻ֩ţײȴһ˲䣬ͱ֩ϵëë̽ڣ˵ǿҪ
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վڳǽϣ֮ǰս˿ûв֣һֱڹ۲սı仯
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ΪʲôҸоһ˿Ϣʲôı
ʯеʿɱлתڿڰУгһʧʱж¶֮ɫ
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عҲɰԴϲ
ڿռһǧ࣬ȴرԴ׳ı֣ʵǿ̸ǿȻǿϲɺءעҪӶĵ·
СҲⰡ
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ôʬءЩӵʬءǿߣʬ嶼ȥˡ
˭͵ʬ壬ôôɾһ߶ûУô£ǳôȹ˻Ҫɾ


497 ǰ泲
һ磬ʯУʿʶĳųսȥ
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Ҫ˵ʬԼʧȻܡ
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ʿüͷɻ˵
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ĸǳܲ޸ܡ
ٺ٣ˣ㲻Ǳʵ֪ҲŲ㳪裬ǼֱǶţ̸顣ҿȫûȤ
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498 յ
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ͫһԸоУƺһ˿˿ռĵ˸ƿſռţڿռ֮Ϥ˵˵ѡռ֮ĸӦǲġ
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٣ڳ泲ڣоκϢ
Եúǹ졣
ѵһյĳ泲Щ嶼ȥˣѾȫսϣ쿴ģֻеһСֶѡ϶ԶԶ硣ô͸һֹ죬ѵ˵õĳ֣ôʧˡ
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501 һ
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ڼȻ岻ΧǣǱеĲ֣Լ򻯣ֻҪܿĿֱ뿪ǣҰУʱʧȥǵ٣ֱӱЩ壬Բȫı˴ˡڱϣıǿκһıҪ࣬Ҫǿͣе԰֮ţԵɱҵȡһ֮ģδؾжᶨ
ֻҪЩ̤Ϲ;ܿģȻƣΪȻѡ񵥶׷ɱҵȣᰵг֣Լں̵Ķǲ١ЩǵĻᡣ
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ʵϣܱУкܶ඼֮ʮԡһ߿񱩣һºսϣǧ˭ʤ˭ȫǿ߱ؼ䣬ûǿĹֻǿʿͬĹͬսҲͬ
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սϣֻһĿġ
Ǿǻš
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󣬼һ޷ƿĴ̫ײСһǱɣܴһ·Ĺؿɱۡ
ܲƿۣ˵
ۣ
ܿ죬սУʮͷ˾ô׾ٵսУգʣµĺȻֻйһ
ܼļ꣬еֱʮֲб䣬˸עУѪɫ⣬ײеĽǰնķ顣
ȻٰԵʵܼļ꣬಻ĺ£Ҫ򡣲˭ܳϵܼļꡣ©ʱ򣬸ӲҪ˵Щɲͨնͬʱĵ
ʱϾ¶
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ţһ˺Уܼ׽ס˲Ϣ䣬̴⬣ؿڣ֫ȫѪҺ
ͬѪˡ
Ҳġ
췢һŭ
һʵɫû뵽Լ£ᱻһȺСֱסɴ⬶
Ҳϣܹĸɱһָĵڵϡ
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Ĺͷ峤ȻӪ£֧һӡϵĶû֮ǰ䲻ѾͻƵϾǿߡбҪɱҪѣҪɱǿߣѣ
ڼڵϵĹ룬дһ˿̾˵
ǿߣҪҪߣҲսУҪʮֵѡ
ǣǿߣܼļǰͬҪ
˹ʱйʦһа٣ǾԲǿЦڿĵطǹеǹеԶʦޱǿĴڡ
ĹʦҪڳУɱСֵˣƻˣһԴ󲿶ӣҪԴ
д˵˶Ըʦһŵǹ֣ԷһǹһǹסǹܼǹѲһ
ǹĹǿߣԲ
ֱ磬ڹдա
ʵǿܼҪ
սǽǶûԣǵˣǾҪκֶΡ
б˵


514 ʬɵ
ԲҲ˵УʵҪߣʱ£û˿סϧսϣıƣ˳˺ɱĽ֡ս֮ϣûжֻʤ븺ǹǾȡ
ڼ׵ͷͬ
ҼǱٱҲֻǹ飬޸ϵ
Щۿ壬ƳΪУʲô³˵ﳤܳҲܸˡ
п˵
һ̳ܿģʬҰѪɺӡ
Ҫеۿ֪岢ǺǵãƳǸӡ
󣡣
ڼҲͷͬ
̶ʱڣֱʮͷ˴ңûгֶսķ壬ԳƳǵʵ
Űġ
ǣ°󣬿ʱ޿̶սнʿڵΪʱάȥģ˭֧Ųס
ˢ
һ£ͼսʱԭȱֵɽȣ׳ֳİУڿһɲǣʿֻоһɺ̹ǣëҪЩǰһС
ȥʮĹͷ˴ɱȥȻȫˣʬҰ
ʮͷˣȫΪӴĴȻڶ̶ʱڣͳױһɶսĪ׳ô
˶ʮͷ˴йϾǿߣȻôĸɸɾֱ͸һ£ǿ£󣬾Ȼ˵ȫȫʤǿս󵽵ô£˿µΰ
йͷȷ棬ǰҪȻڵľǡ
ʿԵһս󳷳ɽڣʬҰĻ棬ǴĿģѪѾȾ˵棬ܶʬ壬ȫһѪƬʬ壬ǹ룬ǿߣɴ⬣õǰǺεȵıʡ
ԼȴһɷվɽСͻȻվʬɽѪϡ
ˢ
ܣǰ˫۾ûа⣬йâһѾǰΪһ⣬ɽпɢһ⣬֮ȻԿĹͷʬ壬ۿɼٶȣʧ
ƾȡС
󲿷Ѫʬ壬һʱ䱻ݡ
ֻһĲϣŻ£ѻڱڣȴŽϡˣЩͷϣŸֱĵرϡŹֵĸ࣬Ҫ֪ͷΪóھڿУھʯʮ֣츳һ
ֶֿࡣ
ڿС֡
ͭ󣬷𣬺ʯȵȣָĿʯȻҵɼЩͷ˶Ѱҿһǿֻǣ˿̣ЩĵرȫСղء
ĹͷǰȫǿߣǿѪʢֱһζɿڵľ͡ɵͬʱڵڿռ䣬ۿɼٶȲϱãšߣظȻԹͷϵıġһ壬ñ̴
ÿһ̶ɱ䡣
ڱУһɢ޾⣬֧أѹļѹصĺڡȹرݣܵƻ
ţЩҲڲϵɱɳøǿ
һսνǴա
֪УɽнеĹͷǲõʬȫɡգֻʣһͷ峤뱻Ѱʬ塣
ڿռ䣬ѾﵽԲǧķΧ
ںڹʬϿʱ
һֹı仯Ȼ֡
ֻһȻһεϵĴӹϱ˳һ˳
ԣ⹷뾹Ȼû
Ҷ֪¶һ˿֮ɫ
⶯ԾҪļ󣬻˵ûֱķʽɵװװѾ䡣
װȻ
ڼɫص˵
ײʬҾıһʬ
۾һЦ
Ƥӵ飬Ҫдɨʬϰߣ»ùӹȥܹһ١ڼȻ֣ʬ塣

ڵϵĹ룬ȻһһǿױɳȥڱɵͬʱЩ͹ĻΪ촷ۣڿĴƮɢΪС
ϵ˿ڣڵһʱ䣬ۿɼٶȿϡ
䣬ͳʧЩ˿ڣ֮ǰһ
ҹ룬ֻˡ
췢һë޷ԶⶶšУŭԾп𣺹ȻҵԤϣսͿάֵ˵ģתս󣬿϶ҪĴһȫսͲάȥװȻе㶪ֻҪܱס˳սҵʵͲҪκˡǴ򲻹Ҫ뿪û˭
ʱĿߵսʿһʱзŭУҲŶĿ־塣ܻţû˭Ըȥαװʬ֡ڵһʱѾѡ񡣹Ȼϣսĳˡ
뿪ˣĵĸָû뵽оȻдɨʬİãһ£ɲ¶
ڱͷʱָ
Ȼˣ⹷Ȼ򵥣еƣѹ֮ǰôĲá
ðкϷˣ϶ưոݡһѪƴ
ãۿƳǵʵҪǲսë
ΧԹĸЩȣ漴ǿҵڴϣһǰʵ
Уҹ㲻ݡɱ
뷢һŭûκγɣһ䣬ͿǿھѾշ𣬳ųͷĺԵײȥ

ڵľӲҡΣһҵһǰƣźײȥ
飡
һУӽʵʵײڱϣֻǣǾ̺Ŀײڱʱȴ·Ǻˮײʯϣ˿ڱɢ£ȻһԱɳȥ
ԹʬҲˣȻҸΪ뿪սͿſηôʬɵ
Цſ򹷲룬źһָзһϺȣѹ
ϣ纣һ˸ѤޱȣĪ⡣
ڰУȻͱ󡣻Ϊ׸ߡֱĳŹѹȥ


515 ̤;
ѾڹϿաڵһʱͽεù޷װֻѡ񸴻վһ𣬾ʼմڱΧ֮ڡɢɽҲǹһʱҪԭ
ϧ֪ԼԵʲôĿ
챦УΪֲһ
챦ȴˣֱӾͱɢɳȥ
˿̱ѹ£·ռ䣬̣ÿ½һ磬ܵѹԼαܱߵأ类׽
Ȼܽռ䡣Уҹͷһ岻ô
оԱϴݳѹʱŭ
ͬʱеѪűػնȥ
貵ĵ⣬ɢϢ¶ѪĹâűնȥ
ۣ
Ȼ򣬾뱦ײʱֻڱУ׵ĸֳһͭսìսìϣֳŨì⣬һ֣ͺҪٵذ㣬ޱΰһìѪϡ
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飡
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޷ѱӲϣֲӱдݶ̺һأСǧ硣ЩСǧ磬ǲرԴ֮֮ɴɽѹҲѷɫ
ֵܣСİн
ѹµͬʱ¶һ˿͵ſڷһ
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ڵϣ淢һ
ţշ𣬵ϣڣΪ֣棬һ˿ѪûУԵʮֹ죬˴Ŀġ
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һĻðеʿеһ
һϾǿ߰ɲԿĴײˣκУڶԣǸ֣ǿߣǿߣǰȻ׾ٵѹ࣬һ˿֮ûС壬ܱ򣬳ʧ
û˭˵Լܹаջ
ı޷һ챦ȻϾǿ߶ѹ˵пϾУ޵С
ܵõ˵½ϣΪ콾Ǿ޷ر
ǹ˵ʲôǰеľʲôȻʮ׵ڴڣ붼ֻײӳսȴӲĽ֡
Ȼ׶Ը
ܱʿж¶֮ɫ
еǿеıоǾһ޷رõ֣Կڷɣ׳ΪǿߣпԳΪ˵е콾ǿߡвɵһ̰̰һԺУ͸˸һ
ٰγ
аԿʼ˼˵ս󾿾ʲôأǾ仰϶սйأϧʱ̫ݣûл˵ѶϢҲ΢²սһ˿ءٿһͷˮһ֪
еĽʲô
һɻ󣬳ںܶʿԺСϻصȴʼҲסص㣬ԴݵĻУ̽սʵ
⼸ǲܵ顣
ߣ
бĿɽܣдһĨĮ˵壬ƳǣηκǿУκսηκ˭ҪҳЩͷ˾³Թ¹˭
գҽŴƳǣһ·ҲԿռŴҰֻ˫ء˭ֻҪǾƳǵĵˡڵˣУֻһǾɱɱɱ
һһ䣬ӿ³ɽлص˷
Уһ塣
ɱ
󻢵ǰ̤һ̤һһɽɽ顣ϯɢƣޱȺˣͬʱһɱ
ɱ
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ɱ
ŵɱУȻ̤
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ΧʿǸоһεɷɱӭоһϢʮֵĿ£һ־޴ѹ
ߣǻؼҡ
һ֣Ȼ˵
ԥѡһ̤Ϲ;
һɽ̤ȥһʱӦκιĶУʼнÿһ̤ļᶨϸһŨս⡣
ÿ̤һϵսŨһ֣ƾ͸ǿ
·һ֢ڻվ
ߵɽȳʱûκϳ֡
ɨܣɽΧص壬УͬڰеһˣصսʿǶൽˣ嶼УȴٲȻ֮ǰɽеĴս嵽еļɵô˿̣û˸׳֡
Ȼɱġ
Ժиֳһͷ
Ψʵܸϣȫ϶ʱӿֳһɾ˵սսһͷڷԺſķšУ²졣쳤Х
սսս
սͺǺڰе㣬ֱӴݵ˵ԺСнʿڵս⣬һ±ڼܵĴѪҺӿֳһѪԣս⡣
ΪģΪĹѪ;
ҰףԹŲ衣
ͷɶϣѪһսݣ
ոֵʮţĲݡ
ʿߺս裬ϾϵƣսУϱǣ·˲Ϣ䣬ɲԽĸɽ˵ƣս⣬ȫһУϣȫսȾ
ɱɱɱ
󻢻ս
޿ǿжյǹն׵ǹΪ¾ǹħҡ
ǧﲻҵ׹Ⱦ񷡣ΪʣԸ顣
Ϊ˽ܣΪۣҲ꣬ս
ǧЦѪ̤׹꣬УɱаĲ͡гݺޣҵС
սУôֱǰ˳ŵٳĵ·ǰСǹ;ҲѪ·
սУѾչ¶ǲηκǿУһ·Ҳ
ƳǵҪѪ͡
е˵ģҲԼġ


516 ľ
Ǹ߿սڰлص
ܶʿɫã൱ѿиֳһ˿˿֮ɫĮɵ
˾˵ʿǿҵս⣬һΣƳǸûܣҵȸ壬Ҫǽ棬ߵͣʤ
һУһſƳǣȻ塣սҪʲôôֱд졣
õǺõû뵽оȻᵮĿͽΪƾһ·ҵȸУɱһѪ·ôҪдŴƳǣǸ棬ҪһɶԺˡǰô𡣻̤ǵʬ𡣡
ڱеɢսסͬʱҲűŭ
ҪʲôѾĿŵƣŲ˼巢ƣɣǸûнǷ۵ס
ɱɱ޼ɵ
еķŭ֪
ȻηŭҲû˭׵ĳ֡
֮ǰͷ˵³Ѿİǰǰ֧ԲʲôߣóȻȥпܻһǰ֮û˭׵ԸΪ̽ȷ档Լп䲻˵Ը˵ʹžԵİգǲ׳ֵġ
֣
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ˣ絥ж
໥˼ɵ£дŴһ·ǰУһǰߡ߳ʮ룬û˭Ķ֣ƺϣ̲סȶ֡ԼܳΪ̣ˡ
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ĸоܣɽУдڰи档ڰеĶһڵȴʱ׷һȴиˣƣˣ˳һ
ѩų¸һ˫ȴʼտķΧ
Ҷ֪Ҳۣ߾衣ֻҪһбʣϾͿԳ֣ȷӦ֮
飡
ڴǰʱֻϴһҵĺΣǧڱۡܿԶĹһ¡
ͣ䱸
һ̧֣
˴ĶҪǻǾĿȥˡ
ˣôľˣʲôˣôǰûпľˡϢǰɽȫͬž޴Ĳࡣ
ȻĸҰһйǿġĸ߶Ҳͬ
ǾϮӪ׼ż󡣡
ƽӦ
ӪнʿҡһĿĿܡԶ
ȻԿܱߣһߴľ˿첽ЩˣСģҲʮ׸ߣߵģﵽʮ׵ĸ߶ȡɢƣѹʮ־ˣЩˣͺ󿴵һε壬Ѿܴ޴ѹ
ǣЩǰľͬ
ϣȻͬҰްò磬ʮ׸ߵ׾ˣëޱȵԳˣͨɢҰԵϢǱ޴󻯵ˡɢϢޱȱ塣ĿУܿģֻ޾
εľˣЩϣŹǿսףⲻƵģԼϵĹ۶ɣһ֡ɢƣɽء
֣һͨɢˮľˡ
ˣһϢ
Ǿˣɽһ岢ͬ⸽ľ塣ƣȻͬһ㡣ԲСӡ
ЩãǴҪ֣ǳ䵱ȷ棬ٴ̽һ塣Щ˵սӦ÷ͬһ㡣ÿһɢƣѷɫϾǿߡ˵;޴ͬһҲͬޱȡߵľĵ·
Щ˵ĳ֣ȴúܶдϲ
ڳɣҪҪ֣˴ͣȻϲּ
һվ⣬Ϲۡ
׼һϷ
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ͫһڿЩϡŹֵľʱԺв˸ֳһѶϢЩˣǰڴֱʱ֪һеĿ¾ȫơ
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ں£˭ЩԭȱݵľˣǷҲŷ䣬øǿ󡣵Կ϶ЩˣʵңѾ۳һǿȺ
аһ˿⡣
Ҫ֪ڽľ˵УЩˣȫǹһĴڣֻ֪ɱ¾ˣΪѪʳֶμ̡
֣ȫɱ⡣
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˵Ǿˣǰ棬콫ҲҪɱ
࣬ｻҪ
һʮ׸ߵˮ˴󲽶֮𶯣ľ飬һ޴Ľӡ˴Ŀġʮֺˡ޴һͨˮսһɢˮĹ󣬿УſڷһϺȡ
УһĿ⣬ǣ͸ǿһ
һˮսŷâ粨
ҪǾ͹ãҪҵıǾҪҵҪҵǾ
췢һЦȻ޷ȣվȴ·˿ˮҪСֺ

ˮ¶һɷŭ֮ɫûκγɣһŭ
𣡣
һ޾ˣˣͨˡͬʱڵλãϯЩУž޴Ĺǰĵ˦Թᴩɽ塣
䣡
Ӫȳ֣ھ˿֮ں󣬺ԥ׷׶׼Щˣٱȥ
ಣ
һڰһ貵⣬˸ŷĵĹâ
Ƽ׼ȵȡ
ָȫ
硣
ܼꡣ
˿ŭ𣬻еıҹȥҵķ飬ֲƻ˵ȫչ¶һ𣬶ʮĿ
ܵסһ֣ȴ޷ֵסе
ƿʵʵϡ
Ƽ׼ķâǾ˵壬Ҳ˽ȥ
ңе˿
ͨˣֱӾͻᱻɴ⬡СӴȣֱǺ廨һƼ׼ͷ˲ͱǯסըֻըһС˿ڣγɵ棬ֻѪֽڡ
µֻһС顣ֻܱһ֣ⱻλãͱ飬ָ
ھ˵ֱһ־˵ĲΡ


517 
Щڳ˵ƣھϣȴֻѪҪ˵ȻϲٵĻ򡣲׾ͿġҪ࣬䴩̽ͷ­ȵҪλҪȻԾ˵廨롣
廨Ȼзâȴ޷˺
һ㣬Ӫھǰƻ˲
׼Щ˵Ҫ𹥻ֻҪҪܶǲв
ƽڿɫһ䣬սʮַḻһʱѾӦԣ´ΣǾ޴ġһҪǾҲҪشǵ䡣̺ŷ֮;гǿƻ
ಣ
ת乥רųźͷ­Ҫλñȥʱв
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ɢ޾ĻϢ
Խһɽ嵱ײķѣױ

Ҷ֪ɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ͿѩͻȻǰ̤һһ̤һɵȻȻͷ·һնƲľս
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Уսһӵаγֹ̣ͨ˶ĿеḶ́£սȫγʱһսʵѾлصԵ쳣ⲻǿ쵽£쵽Ѿ޷׽ĲΡ
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֪Щͨʿ֮ﵽһʱҪѡԼĵ·ѡͳʿĵ·һ·Ҫѡ
磬˵еĽޣҲǽɡѡľһ֮·ޣڽϾʱͿʼϲͬĵ·ҪΪһڽߡڽߣ˫ޡһۣڵԪͻ뽣ںϣɽԪ̺֮â
Ȼ磬â޾һն򷨡ʮְԵ֮ǿʿУǿһ֡
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֮еΪȫһڽϡڣĽޡսҪеģԣڼʱѰ챦εսԸĲϣսȷսǿ󣬲״ݻ١
뽣ͬǣͬϵ޵ĵ·뽣ͬ۳һڵߣ˫ޡ޵ȵȣͬĵ·һʿͳΪսޡ
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519 ӵ³
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ͺǻûȫԭʼˣԳǣƨɺ棬һЫβһЫβֻǣβͨɫģ͵ģ˴Ŀġʮֺˡ
Ȼ̤УѾϾӵеڿ϶ѾٳϣɡնС
壬ഫԾ綾еĹ壬һ綾ңңھ綾֮У己ٶȼ죬Ҫһһѡ߰˸Ȼļʲߣɻģľ綾ʡ壬Ƕ
пһ۾֪һ൱µ塣
綾֮ޱȾ¿־Ķ
ǵĳɳ̣š
һ󣬾ͱӵ綾֮ءնһֱĹأЩոճĺӣһʼֻһ¡һº󡣾Ҫͽ綾֮أи־綾֮жҩҩиֶݣˮ
һּΪŰĵճûõĺӣͽĵطҪ֪Ǿ綾֮أȻɴҰޣЩӤȥɣǵĿԼĺӱҰ޳Ե㲻Ҳ޹Уû顣ǵѪҺУ̺綾ԾǶʮ
ֻУӤڼʹ£ȥѰһпԳԵĶ
ԶݣҩԳӵȵȡֻҪܳԵģԳȥ
УкܶӤ֧ŲȥЩȥӤǻŵӤʳᱻԵЩӤڳɳУҪ¸ָľ綾֮Ҫûжң˳ĻǾĶˣȺϿɡ
ǳɳҲκεԡ
Ӳ֪ĸ˭ĸҲ֪˭Լĺӣָеֻǽ䣬ܡûй̶ż䣬Խ䡣ûй̶żһʮֻεṹȴµĶʦ
ĶǿߣȫǾ綾ޱȣ£ң顣ֻҪԸ⣬ʱͿ÷ԲǧڻΪ綾֮أݲ
ڵõЩѶϢжʱһ˿ǿҵļɵ
壬κεطſµǿƻ޷ġ
һģͷų綾Уû˭ֵܵ˲ľ綾
йâһǹȻС
׹սѾսϡ
űۣ
һɹ糱ˮй⣬׷עսС
һǳɡ
ಣ
죡
սٶѾ쵽һ޷ݵĵزǹ͸źɱﵽײΡҪ֪ƽһƷʱսҪһңԽҪԽ£ҪÿһƷǿȶӡ
ﵽƽ׾ƷʱҪٶҪ
ӲҪ˵ڴﵽײΡ
ҪҲҪʮҪ£ҪǿʮĹȥ֪ս̺εȰԵ߶£սƿٶȣѾﵽԸӵĲΡⶼ׽Ѿȥ
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ǿߣλãȻըһĶڡͬʱսڴ͸ͬʱ̺ľ޴ǰըһȭͷĶڡ⣬Ѿдƻֱӷꡣ
һ
ȫУⲻܴͨﵽľ硣һֵƿǼ൱Ŀ顣˭ġ
Ƕļ֣ǲġǿȥܵõģֻȫѰУʲôĿ궼С
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һĻĲеһɲǿЦϾǿߣǶĶʦѲȴһ£ͱüɱˡһĻ𺳲һĴǿǿµļúܶоǱϡ
ǵĺӹð
ǼӰӶ̫ˣ̫ˡԵ¡ǼУ̺ż⡣


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ʱѾˡ
ɱǧ֮⡣
пܣԷӰӶûпͱɱ
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ˣ뿪Զһ㡣еļ̫ԵеսҲͨս̫ǿ֣Ŀ϶൱ˡ̫ȫǰǰİӡ
죬Ͽ뿪̫Σˣʵ̫ΣˣУ̫ˡȻôһֵƣҪǸոտ֪һ֡ϬԵ
ҪԸ͸ˡһ֣Զ̹ϣû˭ܹʤĿ̫꣬£в̫ǿ
弸Ϳʼ˷󳷡
󳷵ķȻһĴ
չ¶ļǴʵ̫ǿ
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дŴһ·ƳǷأ̤Ϲ;ʱ򣬴˿̣ƳУҲõϢ
ƳУϰİУܻȡѵĹ֮·ΪʿУʣǱУԺϡ
־ѣʿУǧһһġϡ٣ܾܲѣģû˭Ԥ⡣󲿷˶ûУСȴܾϡ񺣾;ϣҪĵرҪͨص䡣ȻʵϣҪʿ
սϣʵϣ˶̶ͬϵɱ䡣
񺣾չ¶ͨƳУʿǶĿˡ
ǽʱоľͨİ
Ȼж˲ţûб¶̫ǿӲ򣬷磬ֻҪʱٽټǲӣûбҪ̫ӡӣìܣаմһֽ׼ϵĲ졣
УõӰ졣
οֻǾ϶ѣֲ˵һԳɳϿ¡
ܲӱҪԵŬ
Ƴоѵϣ˵ǧٹ֡
ڳУһСӲӣ꣬עģһ˫۾˫۾ʮӡ̡
СһΪ磬Ѿﵽ񺣾أȪľ硣Ǻǰ͸ƳһɳˡıȽ硣
ȻΪƳжԣڰʵȽϸߵһײ㡣ؼǣҲĳɾ͡
ңСڿʼ󣬾½ŨԪĴ̼£ϡ
ϻޱϡٵͫϡֻ۾С
Ǳġϡ飡
ϴĵһͨǧۡԿΪңԶκǣڹʱԴ͸ľʯͷκҪĻ档ܿǧ֮Ļ棬ǧۣ鴫ңΪӣǧ۵Ҳڲϵıǿ
ڣѾĿǧ֮
ȻͨȻ죬͸Ӱȴ͸ӣֱӽԼҪ黯Ϊޡûʲô赲סԼߣΪǰϰʮ档ҪҪ͸ŮĻǾȫˡ
͸ӣʿ˵оĿ⣬ܲֵסĿעӡ͸ֻܿͨˣ뿴ʿǾ졣ͨƷ״ﵽһ൱˵ĵز
Ϊǧ۵ͨڳеĵλ
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ܶͽˣѰʱϲһȥڣҪ²֪Ҫɳٱ
˿̣ڴ󣬸Сͱˣɵ彮Ե򣬽顣רŹעкʹĶΪˣ飬Ҳõ׼һųԼټɽԳ֣ǰҰУץһֻݲӥֻӥԼΪս
зСӥٶȼ졣ټϸСǧۡˣҲԿٱܿңӥǶޡʵǿߴһ𣬿ˮ
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ÿ죬СӥǰҰ̽Ϣ
ڡ̤Ϲ;ʱСҲĿôһδϮɱԡѪǰеĻ档𺳵ͬʱٽϢź󷽣Ƴеһʱ䴫ݹȥ
ǰߵϢٽƳǡ
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ȥֵôôͻȻɸսҲ̫ˣЩǲ˽ڣרŰǳȥȻٳɱ֡Ҫǳɡ
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ǿʮһҪЩɱƨѪɺӡ
ڵõеڹ;УĽɱյһŭˣһȺ鼤ܣŭ𣬺ܶͽˣХһʹǰȥǰս
ϣʹֹЩ嶯ˡ
ֻҵԴʮǰ彮ԵеȺйעһϢһشʣϳ𹥻
ͬʱ׼ӦǵĹ
εɱһҪ֧Źȥ˵ϣǿ˸ģǿɱġʬɽѪġ֪ѡĵ·ҪΪҪɱһϡֻҪ·ӽܱУٲ壬޼ɵ¾ա£ҲֹҲֹֻϣ˳
ڻ԰УԶգ
֮ǰѾǰȥԲһ˳֮䷢ͻҲ飬ǷҲ⡣Ҳ֪Ҫ뿪û˭סռŵĴڣڲ֮ءʲôԿƿռš
ֻǣΣ̲סиֵǡ
Ƭ̫ˣ̫ˣ˭֪лʲôµֶΡеĵ̣ԣԱҪǿ˭֪ǲǴʲôϹ
СĻ棬õ鱨ǵһʱ͵ǰ
ÿһսǲޱȡ
ϲǰߣΨһģǽ飬ȥ֪ܱаաⳡսҪɱҲҪɱеѪ


532 
ģƳǣݣǳˣвڣǳеĹǣֻҪڣоͲҡټϻƳȫȶġҪģǲκεĺ֮ǡ
ȶģпԺ޹˼ɵκ顣
ޥʣ֪Сڸ׵Ѭ֮£һ飬Ů֮УָУΪƳгˡϵڲ֪˳
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ĸ֮硣
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ΪƳĸ֮ˡ
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ڲʾ⣬Ƴȷ£ʱƳǣܱ򣬸򣬴կУʼأ̤Ϲ;弤ɱԡѪǰеѶϢ
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ð̫ˣ֮ǿǳ뻯ѷɫڹŽκ֡һԲдɱĺãЩ壬Բ飬Ȼ¶ȻǱ޳ܣʲôֶζá޵ߡ

СϢݹƳկУշ׷׷ϲĴЦһʱȸԾѡܶ˶Ͼ¥Ⱦƣʹ죬޲
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սʮֲңȺеʵ̫ˣǵӰƳǵļҲǳصģӪ಻ǵսѪѾȾ˵棬ɫݣѾѪɫȺɱǲϵϮɱ
ûѡԭضԵУѡ߱ɱԵǰУһ⣬ǹǰࡣӪڡ꣬н硣֮ʬҰ

ǧ۸СĻ棬˲ͳƳǣ彮пٴݹȥдڣϢĴݣǷޱȣޱȡЩģһʱʹķ
̫ˣΪʲôҪͶеĳ嶯޲սսسɱ
СվڲӥϣңԶڷļҴսеѪҺҲڲķڡ޲ɱȥнʿڴսиˣҲǿĸεѡнʿսҲһʹ
ЩȺʵ̫ˡ
ӴȺŲţκδϢĻᣬֻҪ¶һ˿ϾͻȺײе¡֮ңɱǸо޷УԼҪŻߣ򣬶ǲݡ
ǳ׵֤һ㡣
ǴǰƶЩȺԴԴϵϯǣ۰Ⱥ͹ֹͣӲҪ˵ǽ󣬾ΧΧˮйͨ
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սڼÿ춼иָϮɱɱǸֶΡ
󣬶աͻȻϯţͻȻ䣬ðĵشֹ̡
ÿһ죬еĽʿڼԱ޷ս뱦еսѪȾءĴ۸ÿһ·Уʬۻɡ
ս󣬴ﵽھʱ
ȳһϯȻʧ
壡
⣬ȻԿһ֧ʮĴڴկפÿһʿɢŨѪɷһεѹڸ䣬нʿפء
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䣡
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þ˵ƣҸоӭһŨɱ֮ϯֵҪϢĸоÿµϢʬɽѪɱơ
ϵսף˺ۡһȾѪ
ӢۣΪսΪѪΪѪսһϡ
УҲվڳǽϣԶһĴѵսףǲȱ壬𺳣ף֮ǰεȿµս
צеۣѺۡܿĳɱжôҡ
ӭӭӢۡع飡
ҵɫȻĳŵ·ͷ
ӭӭӢۡع飡
ʮʿͬʱźдȣĿдĽ뾴塣
䣡䣡䣡
źУһ
ϸȥٲȻҴߣֻʣһǧࡣǧྫʿ
ڽʿУ׷̧ŵܡ
ڵϣһ߾սĽʿȱģѾܵķ첹ܿȱʧĲ֡нʿֱϽ԰Ű״Ȼ


533 н
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ܿÿһǰӢµսʿޱȲҵɱսͬոɱѪԣûث֣ʿж
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ɱ
壬κҪΪģǵĵˣɱɱɱ
Ҳ׹ϣܸƳĨڡҪһ
עŵϵʿ·񶼳侳Ŀʱսǲҵµսûث֣ûǵļͦñֱ
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֪˭ͻȻһХս⼤
ÿһ֣ͬܵҵĺʱ͵õнʿĻӦʮ׷׷սս
ΪģΪĹѪ;
ҰףԹŲ衣
ͷɶϣѪһսݣ
ոֵʮţĲݡ
սлصƮͬŸ߳ս裬սУÿһնоԼڵѪҺڷڣоԼ־øӵļᶨǿ󡣿ЩԡѪɱսʿЩΪϸʿ
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Щףʲôʸ񲻷𣬲ǿǵϣЩȥʿȡġɱģսģϣģҲЩȥսʿġ
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޿ǿжյǹն׵ǹΪ¾ǹħҡ
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Ϊ˽ܣΪۣҲ꣬ս
ǧЦѪ̤׹꣬УɱаĲ͡гݺޣҵС
ʿգþȫķźĵ׵źҲսʿźԸԼѪ֮Ӣ꣬Ϊɱ̫ƽɱϣɱ޵е

췢һХ
飬صģ˵ѪѰ
֮ģ֣֮ԡųյ
֮ģħ֮ԡԸΪħնų
Ѫǻ𣬹ǲѪɹǿȼнн䡣
ս裬иǴһֵΪʣԸһУнȼȼˡֻԸԴΪ壬ǰ·
ΪߵصֻΪ˵档
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ÿһկկеİգоĶ·ܵϴӣвһԺ壬壬κ塣

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ǲ֣ٳҲû̫塣
⼸У湥ɱԹаɱҲԹıƣ綾伫ȴʲôûãȫ޷סĽŲǣְɱûа취лɱѾ֣ҪɱУϾεΪ磬ֻºѡж챦
ֻ屾ͲЭ£û˭óơ
мɵ£󣬼˭ٳ֡
ǰ̫ǿҪƿȫҪô˵ȥ£ûжԸٳ֡
壬ƳǣСԺҪġ壬Ȼɳʵܿ¡
ܽûǶ֮áеĸ챦֮ģ̫ҵֵˣǺѡܵõ꣬˵Խ˻ȡһʾ˵档
С㣬վһϣ
ѾչֳѷɫκǿʵѾʸκύվڶԵƽȵλϡ֮ǰǾԲ뷨ġǰֳģʵ̫ˣСʱɱ롣
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ͯĿȥıӰ¶һɷԹİ
һ˿ûн۵׵Ŀ⡣
УϣûжԼȣԼеѪ߹ʥûκȵġ
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ЩģЩģҲСͷˡ
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죬źţ壬öǰ
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λʿǣ˸ոȥ֮ǰѾΪɱǵϣЩսʿѪǣϣǴġɱģѪġʿͳﶪڸң²£
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Ƿغ󣬶õƳĴսġ
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535 嵱ǿ
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536 ùͷڿ
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538 Լ
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ѾȷƳǵǰѾ׼뵽Ƴǵĸ߲֮УΪʱŪҪʢУӳԼĹʡ
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꿪ڼ䣬̸Ƴе˵ǹ۲ʮȻأۻ𡣵ֻҪ⣬Ƴǵ֮ƣ޿赲ġ
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539 ë
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547 Ȫ
ƽʱֻţһЩţͷ˲Уϼˣʸɽ¿ٳɽţģһǣɽ˵ֱͨǵһǵġ汻ٳһƬ൱޴ɽռ䡣ɽڣһͨٳһµɽЩɽסġ
ľţġ
Ȼĵ¿ռԵЩֲڣò˵һ൱ΰĽȺ
롣
ţЦ˵ԵüΪ顣
ƽ׵õһԴô˵Ƕʮֵø˵顣
֪ͨȥɱް𣬼óصţ̾ƣ죬峤ҪдĹ͡
ţ
ʱͿУֳһ˷ܵӦԵʮ˷ܡ
߽ɽ޴Ķڣһ㶼оκѹ֡
ǰƳͣȼ󣬾ò𡣿Գʱȼգҫĵƻͨͬ磬һ㶼Ҫ»ῴ塣
߽ȥʱͽһ޴ĵ¿ռ䡣Ƭֱڿաܿиʯͷɵĵӣ֮ġйưġ
ëֵܣ͸ǵԼһǧҪ
ţЦк
ʱͿţͷ˲ϵĽ£ָƷյϣһͷ޴ɽѾڻϿտտʱ򣬻ţͷ˸ŮϵתţвͣһѩʳΡûã濴һӲӵ͸
ţͷ˽ΧŻѣһظ衣Ǹ裬Ե൱Ұƨɵ¶ˡ
飡
ţͷ˽һֻ޴ʯͰ˳ڵϣƵʯͰܷģȫӲʯͷɣԵúǴѾڿգ䱾ȫͬġ
꣡
򿪺󣬺ȻԿɢһľ㡣ɫһɫģ͸ţûʲô𣬲о㣬һص㡣ǲ֪ЩţͷôŪġ㣬㣬ŵʱԽԽӵŨ
ŵһرҪһڵĸо
Ҩ˼룬ֱӰڷţëǰ
ëֵܣһţ̾ƣԺ㲿ֵܣѡţЦк
ãţ峤룡
ëǰһţ̾ƣϺ޾ɫֱֶţһкԥֱӹϵĵ˽ȥ
һȣëҲɰֱ̾ӴþơȻǺþơǰȵľƣȫָܡȷʵһζ
ţ̾ƣȵУ͸ţһһ󻬣ֱ˳źȥ˳º͡оƵζȴǺܸߡֻǶʮȣȥůĸоϸ׾Щơңиζ
ܲ൱ס
ܸܵţ̾õţ̣Ӧòͨţ̣޼ţţ̣̺ŷḻӪ̺һֵȥǿΪȻӵķȣʮֱϡ٣㲻ʲô
ʹ졣
ţë۾գһھͽһţ̾Ƹȥʱʹһ¶ϲеͬо͸ӵǿҡ
ţ̾ƣţͷ˲洫գֻҪţͷˣţ̾ƵģֱӹӣõĿɶ洫طڵţͬˣţ̾ƣζǰҪöˡҪȥĻ̾Ƹǵţ̾ƣڸжǲµġ
ţЦǺǵ˵
Ҳ죬ֻǣζʼûа취ö֮ҲͲˣרţ̾ƣֻҪţͷˣϲ־ơ˵޾Ʋ
лëȻҪȥݷһƷһ̾ƣţ֮̾䣬ʲô֮ͬľҲţ峤볢ƳӢѪУˣȵĶӢѪ
ëЦóһ̳ӢѪ
ƣȻƣõȴִַŷƣľƣ൱ߣǰ˵ʮȣңص䷽ֶҵƣ̫˺ȥܴ̼ѪҺѭѪڡ˹ٶȷ졣
úܶʮϲЩͽˣԵϲҾơһ첻ȣ͸оȻŮӷǺϲ̫ңŮϲĹƣ൱õŮӵϲ
ţͷ˿ٽùȥĿӡֱ˼롣
ƣǳֳһֺɫҲʽΪɫԭԲű֮ΪӢѪ
һɾĿӡʱֱ˱Ƕ롣úܶţͷ˶̲ס͵͵ſˮǿĿЩ롣
ţҲںȥ
һȣһֱȥϣͿţϣһɫͽϣ۾һ¾͵ɵϴ
壬峤ôˣ㲻Ƕ峤¶˰ɡţͷ˿ţЩԣӣһŭĿӵģ
ҪǸҺ峤첻⣬Ǿͳ㡣ţͷ˺۾޲ɱ
ţͷ̲סҪʱֻţص³һڳſڴþƣǺþưôҵľƣţǴûкȵڸоǰȵľƣӢѪȣֱǡǡ˺ȵľơ
Խңо˵ǾԽʹ졣
ոһںȥȫû뵽ӢѪҶȻôߣһھֱӳѪҺУԺУֵ³ȥĸоţϣסͣŻԴоҪƮƮˡʮǰδеܡ
ţͷӿֳǿҵȤҲͲס׷׶ǰľƣںȥһȣǺŴȴӿֳ޾˷ܡ
þƣ
ǺþƣҸоţ̾ƶӢѪ
廹ĺþƣҪԺȲˣҪҵ
һţͷ˲ϵĴ
Ʊǽõý顣ëٴóһЩӢѪᣬϾͱȻ죬ظ裬Եøӵ֡
ƹѲҲˡ
һ߳ԣһߺȣëҲ·𲻾Ŀ˵˵壬Ѫ𣬲λ㲿ֵܣ˵ĴôǷͻŪ˽šǲЩᡣ
ʲôᣬЩֱ̫ţͷ˷һţͷ˳Ͻеһңһŭ֮ǰľƣѾʼͷ
ɲǣЩ˲Ǻö㲿䷢ֵľȪЩӣȴܳ˵ȷֵģҪôһƽ֣Ҫôÿ¶Ҫ͸һţ̾ơЩӽţͷ˵ʲôūôʱ͸㲿䣬ǺöɣɲЩӡ
֮ǰë쿴ţҲ


548 ı
ţͷҪڸʵϣ֮ϣƴɱ⣬һʵ˵ʮǿǱٶʮ־ˣɱ˷ʤ硣ЩҲ˵ʹȺֶΣ൱Ѳ
ʱǸͲԵУֱʹŴȺԵ˷𹥻ǼȺУαװǣڹؼʱ̣ͻȻһɱֶʮײС
Ϊһ㣬ڸУǼΪġо˵һ֧ɱ˿־塣൱µһ
õĶ;޴սǡ
ԣеţͷһӲӲ֪ȪţͷҵģҲ˿ûзҿţͷҪ󣬾ȪԸţͷˣţͷҪ޳ṩţ̾Ƹ塣ȫţͷ˿ūһ
Ҫô
ţͷ˵ʱͳըˣ޲ýЩ˰Ƥ
ֻʮֶģҲţͷ濹⣬ھȪܣƴĽɧšԲţͷ˴߾ȪҲţͷ˳ռݾȪĻᡣֻҪʲôǿ϶ǴȺɱʮֶġ
ţͷߵ඼Ҫըѡȴ޿κΡ
ЩëѾʼٵתͷƽѯʵĪǹζţ̾ƣΪȪеȪˮɡ
Ȼǣţ̾ţͷдգֻǣҪܵõȪȪˮţ̾ƣͻӵ㴼ӵĺúȡڸȫڡζüΡ
ţҡҡͷ˵
ҪõȪֻ뷨ʼնûа취ɣҪ֪ȪĻȪˮҪ裬óͿԵˮãͣζޱȣڸмѡؼκҪѷɫֺ
ԾȪȪˮƣľƣؼΪζļƷǲϡ䱦
ҪȻţͷ˺˶ץŲš
Ȼˣţ峤ֻҪЩɶɱܣȫԶռݾȪëЦ˵
ռݾȪȻ룬ЩҲѲţݺݵĽеľƵУһŭģ
ëĳһƣȫԽȪռݡ
ëЦ˵
ʲôıϿ˵˵ԴʮʲôıƶĳǵԴʹţһ˷
ȪڵλüȻѾǺһ֣໥ǣƣ˭ûа취ȫռݡ£㲿ʵȫԽ䶼һǨƵȪܣЩ˾Ҳ׵ĳǵĲ䣬һȪ϶ͿռڶûռݣǲʺϰӪկ濥յء֪һëĳ˵Ŀɶԡ
ë쿪ڷ
ԴǾȪʱǴһϿѷСûа취ģȥһѷȪͻᱻݻ١ΪС
ţǾȵĿë졣׾Ͳ²Ȫ֮صվԾ̾
ȻˣȪҪռݣô׵飬ȪĸӦȪֻۡҪܽȪȪ۴ӾȪеҵط°ţͿԳΪµľȪҵĽǣֱǰȪ֮أȪ취ߣһȪԵõ˵ĿҲɣǣȫԽȪ֮أѷ죬ɱһˡݺݵţͷ˳һڶ
ëζ˵
߾ȪȪۣ
ţ۾һصһ´ȣе飬ôû뵽⣬Ǻ⡣ëֵܣԴȻ⡣Ҫ֣ܵĹȾƣǺȾơ
۾ţͷ˵Ҳ¶˷֮ɫ
ҪܵõȪۣЩһΣȫζҪ顣
ţ۾תתæ
һʱ䣬յȥڳ⣬Ⱦơһʱ䣬᳡УȻ졣һ˸߲ҵա
ëĿһ˿䣬漴ͿʼС
ƹѲëҪĬ棬ٸ㲿һΪɣ˳شӪء
ĬѾŴٰӪկ
ʲôоȪңǱţͷһֵģڲϽ棬ΪȪĿȨþȪ
Ĭë˵ϢҲɾȵĵվ
ȪĶһǼֵ޷ııҪǱõоЩġʵ̫ϧˡ
ôὫȪţͷ˵õҲ˵õҪھȪ㲿֧˲䣬»ѪûлĿܣеõţͷ˵ꡣһƻҪ뽫һŽʱӦԣȻ֪
ëͽһŽĬ˵
ëģһֱҹ͵дկկеĴҪ˶þͿԽһءĬɫصĴ˵
ëٴδһʣţͷһ𣬷㲿䡣
ֵõһʣ㲿ֱǽë쵱ΪĹ͡ظ裬Ҫë찲һ㲿еŮ
㲿ݹһ壬ûнǵѪʳֻǸǲɻɿƳʵ̫гˡ㲿ѡЩ࣬ȫǴȥ彻õļ֤
ţڿһʺͻ
ƳǼΪѶ󡣺ο֮ǰû൱Ѫʳľٶ֮䣬ûޣѪ㲿ͳµ壬ȻλߣͬڿһҪͣĸţͷ˸ɻٿԱ֤ᱻҰе޳Ե
Уںܶ˵һѵõҸ
ֻһ㣬úܶж㲿䲢û̫ĶСĲ˵ܱס
һ˿ɲ٣֮ࡣרŰһɽСû㲿䣬Ҳë֮ǰûпԭ
ƽ׽ȳգһ㣬ҲëаԴϲ
һʶѣȴܻȡ˿ڡô㣬൱Ļ

ȴ˵ڴͬʱһʿϢ뿪ӪŸկȥȥ󣬽ֱӷƳǡ
ܿ죬һžͳС
һкȻǽ֮ǰ㲿ľԼëҪ顣
Ȫţͷˣ˼ܼң˽Ҷ֪Ҷй
¶һ˿ı飬漴ͶȻ˵
ǣ
Ӧһתȥ
ʱͿҶ֪С
м˽̸һҶ֪ϴȤ֮ɫת뿪ڵһʱ䣬ٽ봫У뿪Ƴǡ
̣ʮֶݣܿͽ뵽ҰС
ʱȻţ֪УѾҹɫҹͻȻ䣬Ϳ㲿Уһţͷ˳źҹû뵽ҰС


549 Ѫצ
ҰУڡ
һƽУȻԿһ޴ĲӪسǰ
ӪУеȼĻѣɢҵĻ棬ɢڰĹ¼ţһ˿˿ѵõůůʮѵáԿΧһѣ⻶ЦţŸʳڻտ
ܿЩҲͬ
޵⣬дڰŵֻôܿһָðڹвϷܿͷ­ڳ
˵壬ͷ­
౻
Щ˵ı飬Ȼڳ飬һѹûУУǾǰǰһ⡣ʲôǡѪʳѡӵġ
ߣ˵㲿ЩţһȺĴңǴƳġǴһʵʡЩʵ̫ˡţӴȴǴЩ࣬ǼͷҪӽ
ɲǣ֮ǰһŮˣĺˮ飬ϧ̫ҸһͱˣǸоܲˣҲųԡŮ˵⣬ۡЩ˿Ҫóˡ
˵óԣн
Ⱥľۼһ𣬿۷׷ף̸֪ģϣëǰݷţͷȴݷԼȴǣиӿֳ޾ķŭⲻ۸
ʵǹͷ̣˲̰
з߷߲ƽʾҪȥЩһЩѵǴƳǳôֻҪɱˣ˭֪ĸġ
ȫԽȫƵһɶ
˵֪Ϳԡ
ЩţҲǿھȪֱΡȪ϶ǵġҪ˶ãͿԾۼȺʱֱ㲿䣬֪
ǰ뵽ȪҾ̲סҪ̿ˮ˵ȪеȪˮȫƣȥǾƵζ̺ƣΪഫҪʱþȪȪˮ죬ͨľˮԱơ
ıֻƹܣⶫԺѪצ䣬϶ΪȺǿĲ֮һ
ȪÿɲֻӿڸУζƵһǿý顣ý飬ΪģͨƣԽɱơ
书ЧͨƺֹӼʮֵʮϰٱ
һ㣬þȪļֱֵһԹĲΡ
ѪצˣôܻȪ֮ǰ˵Ҫţ̾ƣǲǺţͷ˵ģˣǲȪҽڣţͷġиڲϵĻȺھۼѾ൱ɹˡ͵һʵʱֶţͷ˷һ
ЩţͷѾҹǰȥ͵ȪȪˡ
ѪצһģʱͻȻ䣬һ׵Ĵݵ䡣һ£Ѫצеˣһ𣬺ĳŲ洩ȥһ˳˳ͬըӪһ㣬ôѲ飬ûз֣ոշľ˭
иոǾ仰ʲô˼
ոմ󺰵ľ˭УţͷˣţͷѵĴǰȥ͵߾ȪеȪۡ
ã죬жǣһȥȪٻȺһȥɱţͷЩçȪ۸͵ˣҪ͵ˣѪצɾҪˣԺнԴ̧ûˡ
죡죡죡ЩؾȪĵǶӰˡ϶ˡ
ôǺĻǼ٣ѪצԲܻ޶ãôģҪǰȥһۣ򣬽ϣû˿˯ž
Ȫãʵ̫Ҫˡ
ֵѾ޷ĲΡ
ֻҪֿܣ˾Ͳ׵ӡ
ûκԥһѾ䡣
еģдȺ
ٳһϿȶȥ
ںڰУһߣţͷͬڸ·ǵʵڻҰУǰٶ൱ˡϵϢΧ޶ҿܵ¾նɱ
ЩţͷǱعġ
ͷĻ㲿峤ţ
ȪڵϿȣһ֪ôѿѷ죬ѷ첢ɼţͷһͨѾ൱Ͽȣţͷ˳֮ΪȪϿȡ
˼ԣϿоȪͽȪϿȡ
ʮּ򵥡ǿû˼ȥһϿʲôֱ֣ӾôСһϿȶѡ
ţһֵܵϿȥҵϾ͸һϿȣϿȳױ顣ЩӽֱЩӡ
ţ¶׺֮ɫٷԸ
ģţ£㾡ܷģõȪۣЩֻҪһܲˡôʹҿǺþû
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һ֣һţͷ˾͸ϿϷȥ
ţŴһ˽Ͽȡ
ȪȪˮ
һϿȣŵһľڿУ˱Ƕ룬˲Ծһ˿ҪǾƹڵľƳ涼ű
ֻһ㣬ţͷ˾ͲȪ
ԣ㲻ԣ˺ܶࡣ
ҲоԣǰǾ˱Ƕ룬ҪŨüôͻȻ䵭ˣԲ
죬ϿȥȪˡ
ţɫ䣬һϺȡǰٳϿ˹ȥ
Ͽȵ룬ȻԿһڲСˮسǰˮУһɫҺ壬Ǿ㣬ǴЩҺɢġȻǾȪ
ֻԵĺܹǣˮеˮࡣ
峤ȪеȪѾˣˮеȪˮûӷֺһȪۡţͷɫ䣬˵
Χԭţͷ˶ˡԵúܹ졣
ڴ˿̣ȻԿһȺϿȵһ˿ٳ˹
Ѫצ䣬Ⱥӣֱţ̫ȻȪۣڻŴ˹Ҫһôսթǿɶ񣬿ɶ㲿䣬Ѫצ䣬ݣݰ
ţ۾Ҫ
ſٳϯĴˣǴȺǵأģ˴Ŀġ̲סеһĻ׽ţŭˡ
Ȫλãֻţͷ֪˫ĬϢûдȥ֮ǰϸëһ䣬ɸû˵λȪ۵ģǱˣһЩˡҪȻôܻ˶Ĵǰ
רġ
ĺ
ţУ˲϶ȪһǱ˸ߵġ
ȪԣȪ۱ˣţֿȻȪۡȺУһŭ
һȺӣ׽ˮϣΪţûƢôǳ
ţõӶҪˡ


550 Ѫ
ţûͷֱӺһͳʱĵ·ٺ󳷡
¶ŭȴɼʮŨǺ޲ֱѪצĿ⡣ȪǾȪȻЩӸȡȪֱۣţ̫ǿ벻̡
Ѫצ䣬ݣһҪݰ
Щç򣬾ȻȪۣҽȪۻǣɱѽ
Ѫצ˿ţתȥѾץţͷ˵ʹţţͷ˵ȡȪۣץ˸ţǼҪ룬ȪۣȪۿ϶ţϣϷš
˵ӣȻҪɱţǻˡ
ţҲƿڴ
һôˣŴȺⲻԤµʲô浱ţ۾Ϲ˲ɡԤıҪﰵţ㲿䡣ֱд
ɱ
ţһɱ
źˣһ֣Ͽȡ
ϿϷţɱ¶һ˿׺֮ɫ֮ǰԼõѶšûκγɣͬʱŵ̤ȥ
ϡ𣡣
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µ֮ͨйڵ棬ϿϿմҵĺϿ𶯣𶯣ϿȱǴѿɽ岻ȣٳǿͨ¡ɽ嶼ھҵҡΡɽʯϵı̮Ͽ֮С
ʵսͨţ˾ͿٵĳԭԤõ·ȥ
ãϿҪˡ
𶯣ţͷ˵ĺͨĵҪϿһ顣
ıı˵ǵߵľȪҪǣôϿϷҪֱϿȣҪǻݣݰѪצ㲿䲻ݡ
ܣӳȥ
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һŭ˿зĿ⣬ֱҪѪ˭û뵽Щţͷ˾Ȼ氲֣ҪϿȣǳ׻
ϿУȺвºüֻټսʿҪȫξͿѪצ䵱ʧءѪ𰡡
˸εѡĳӶݣҪʱȥ
ֻǣϿȱ£ôѵˣٶʵ̫ˡʯͷĳȥܼķΧڣͺݣκζĿռ䶼ûУıɽ廬»Ҫ¡ʯͷԴҹ
ЩһӴܣһ߻צĺһʯͷֻǣ˫ȭѵ֡ܿȺڴʯͷ֮ϣҵķǡ
˵ҵѪء
̼䣬޴ϿѾױ
ԭȵϿȻΪ棬ʯͷѹڷУŵһ˿˿ѪϢ
ţͷˣ㲿䣬Ѫצǲݣݡ
ϿȺ֮ǰʮ֮һһΣν˲ءмҪĿ£췢һŭ
壬㲿ǲݣ߾Ȫֱûнţͷ˷۵סսһҪȫ濪ս
ڷһˣţ췢ŭ
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ңڿɱˣô˵֮䣬Ҳûκλתءֻһ׵²ܽѪծֻѪ
һΣͽ˴˼޸ˡ
ûѡʱ𹥻׷׷ظԵĲ䡣
ţһһƬȻϿеľ״￪
ʲôȪȪ۱˸ˡ
ӣս뿪սȪԲȪ䵽˵С
ţ̫ˣֱţ̫ˡûн㲿ȪۣϿҪ峤֣ǿɶ񣬿սһҪսЩ֪˭ǿߡ
Уţͷ˵ŭ׷׷ŭ
ˡ
ڲеëǱ¶һĨЦаԽһ
ΣţͷĳޣѾⲻĲ˵϶ڽƴɱ໥ѹֳһʤֳ֡
ţͷ˵ǣƣѪצˣǱֳ֣Ƴʲôв
ֻһ㣬ȫֵá
ǾȪȪ˭С
ë찵Գ֮ǰżһ䣬Ȫ۾屻˭õȴ޷²ġЩֻҪûеı൱˵ġȪ˭У֮䣬ƽȻᷢͻգ»Ѫ
һսǾԱⲻ˵ġ
ëĿģͬɴ롣Ŀ꣬ţͷѵɱˡ
ȻĴ۲ûУõַ֧ʽֲսУȻǿУţͷƳǽнס
Ƴеĸ㲿ʵƽϡ

ڶ峿
ƳǣϣС
ϴѾڲǰʼšγԵСѪ࣬Сõ޼Ұ⣬۵Ĳ֡ϸֶϣڵг߲ˣʽ棬İƤ
Ƥڶ࣬ң֭
ǹ
һ˿ƤĤſһ֭ȻĽУζζϣĶڲ
Ȼ̣֭¶ȣ˵Ͳʲô׾ͿԳܵˡ
˳Եá
ʳϸڲһɹԪڣϢš

ȫԽʱͻȻ䣬ݳĶѪУȻֳһһŶǶǴӰ׶зġֻǣ׶𶯣ڶһһ޷׽ȻѪϯȥ
ɶУ飬ڶдݳ£ۿɼٶȣ»ָۡĹСĿɢıŨӼӲܶȸǿѪǿ̺˲䱩ǡ·һ̣õһɱ䡣
ԭȱǵһ̣ȫΪһ塣ܿе˲Ϣ䱩ǣָֿ
ﵽʮ׶ٴεõɱ䡣
һо̺ѪϴڹŶӿϴˢ·أܶʼѭϢ
Ϊͻˡ
¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫæѯʵ
Ѿﵽ׶ľ磬ҪͻƣΪҪ̫࣬ķѵԴҲ࣬Ҫҵ⣬ҲͻơԽ棬ͻƾԽѡ
һ˿̾
ʿǿ󣬿ǿ󣬲ûеģҪķѵԴʮٱʿ
ǳôãŵõͻơֻһСѡ
ÿʮͻһ㡣
ˣҶˡ
첽˹


551 ճ´
Ŷ롣
еͷ˵
ּ䣬ȻŮٽǰʰãߣһЩʰ׵
Ҷֻ֪ˡҶ֪һЦ첽˹ɫ䣬һ˿š
Ρпѯʵ
ëȫһǰ㲿丽ϸ̽飬ȻȪϿȣ̽鵽ȪλãݵӵĽȪȪ۵ߡʱţͷ˼ͬʱϵ˫£ҳͻţͷ˱ϿȣȺˡ˴֮䣬Ѿ׽Ѫ˫ɱȻܳһʱ䡣ëıѾɴ롣
Ҷ֪¶֮ɫ
Щѧʶߡëļƻ£׾岿䷴Ŀɳ𣬲죬ֻ£һΣٻ⡣У赶ɱˣԶ׽֮ĵ㲿䣬ƺΪѪѪצ䣬Ȼ⵱УֶβǺܹʡ
¹£ķչ֮ûκεԡʲôѣͲһ£˵ѲҪκνˣǴͬʵϡ˭ǿ˭ߣ˭ȻȨбһԲǡ
ţͷ֮䣬ìܣǵֻǽìܳ׵ļҪܳʱűìܣǰڶѡ
οƳǲûи֧֣УʣЩǿսգǿӰ쵽սֵǾʤҪá
ƳǵԴ֧֣㲿ҪѹסѪצ䣬ǲЦ
ʤĻϣ㲿ܻͬȡ޴ĺô
˵ȫ˫˫ӮĽΨһһ㣬ǽ㲿ƳǵһҲëĿġ
ѾɣëĿ꣬ǳ׽㲿䣬սΪѣ˫֮䣬ΪѣҲҪѡ
ݺҵֶιȻһȥֱ֮ìܣսң⣬㲿ԳΪѡһٶáëĹͣν޴󣬹ʱص칦ҲǰԵͷë쵨ϸң˼Ӧٶȼ졣
̵ʱҵìܵ顣һ㣬벻ѣЩ򵥣ҪǻһˣδЩ
Ӧ൱Ҫ
ë϶񡣡
Ҷ֪ͷͬëżǿġ
Ȫõ𡣡ѯʵ
ȻȪ
Ҷ֪ӴóһֻþʯƳĴ衣УȻԿһö͸Ȫ۳棬Ȫۣɢһ˿˿ĽɫȻȻļȡԪȪУðһ˿˿Ȫˮ̣죬ԵЩ
Ȫ뿪أұֻˮ֮СȪǲ뿪̫ã˵ǲ뿪Ԫ̫ãҪȻͻˡˮþʯƶɣþʯʢװʯеԪԱ֤Ȫ۲ܵκˡˮеԪһա
Ũľ㣬ǾȪȪۡ챦ľ
ˮϣϸȥܿȪˮһľӨ֮ɫһ㣬֮ܿټޱ˵ľ㣬ջ󣬸Ӿˡ
˻ţͷˣ֪ʧԵȪֱۣƳǵСҪ֪пţͷ˶ֱӶƳǷĿɳ𡣴ɱ֡
Ȫ۾Բױ¶Ǳ¶Ҳɺͽڡţͷ֮ġڶԣΪǲҪ¶ԽԽá
Ȫۣڽ
Щ˵ǾԲ˵ġ֮ȫġ
Ȫױ¶ʱڳһλýаšʱܡоȪڣǳеľӢѪɱơƷ֡
΢
ûʲôطȳҪȫڳУǾԲ֪ȪĴڡƣҲȫԵĳصıܲ¶Ͳ¶
ǣȪܴļֵʵ̫ˡ󵽿ԸƳǴԴԴϵļֵȡ޾档
ûҾͻͨˣѩǼһﶼͻˣҪٲŬɾҪˣ˦ں棬;ԲС
Ҷ֪¶һ˿־ѩͻƣоǿѹ
ε񣬿Իȡһʹѫ㡣ȥµȡȻ򱦵жһһڣҪΪٶȲ
ѵ
ͨеǿ֣߳Ȼǲ˵¹涨ÿ񣬶ԻȡһʻٵĹѫ㡣͸ͽһֻǣЩ񣬱˵ѶҪΣոߣҪԸǵƳǣиġ
ٺ٣ǰ٣û뵽򱦵пŶһҪһһ
Ҷ֪ʱ˷
ȻѫҲһԭʼſһڳкܶ˵һּĸ۷ģ컯أż档һֱʮϡ٣ֻܹи߲㣬ңÿε൱ϡ١
ܱȵڣлƽƷʵĲͬЧرġ
⣬һҪһһ
ûҩĵҩϵ䱦

Ҷ֪뿪ˡ
뿪ʱڹ㳡һߣ۾ȴȻӲʶƺڿᵽĳֶصζ
Ǿƣ㣬صľ㣬Ȼûһ˿ƵĻһȻĴ㡣˼飬ǲ˼顣ûŵľ㡣ֻǰĺ֮⵽ʲôơ
߿Ҷ֪ȥıӰʶ
ҿ϶㣬һŵģǰûʥƷ²ȴ̺Ǭ
ԣԣⲻǾƣҲԣǾƣƾƷǾơһľ֮ƣǾ˫
۾ԽԽһ˿
ճ´Ҷֻճ´ľ㣬ԴͷڳоƵһ±ӣȴ֣޷ӳᵽκϢ
ڹ£еһУ￴ʮ졣ζԳΣֻҪԸ⣬ûܿ̽
͵ͨҲ̽
¶һ˿ԥ֮ɫתۼ䣬еĿͱó׼ᶨûκγɣת䣬ͳ͹ݶȥ
Ҫ̤ϳǳеҪǲ׽ġǲѰطƳǵġһͨǲܽȥġ
Ψһ;ǰ͹ݡ
õϿɺȻǰ
ߣȻľ⡣
߽µĲܳȣУһֺܶʿûеĴơÿһһֽ̤ʵأʮֳȵĸо


552 
ո˭ôô߽͹ݣѵĳλ壬⼼յĽʦŴ磬Եúͨ˭
͹ݵĽŲдݺţ϶ƽӹ֮˭֪͹ݵĹܸߣһŽȥҲ׵ıȡλֻܴĿʼ𡣡
ߵ䲻СѧʶǾпһ弶Ͳšһͨ飬ίΣƳлøλ
˵֮ǰһλݺҵĴ˽͹ݣһͨ飬ͱίΣõáвܣκεطܵá
͹棬˿ߴ̤͹ڣҲɺĿʼ
һ̸ۣȴ֣ûжʶߵġԵЩأǰɽˮģǾһʱ䰲Ƴеס
߽ȥ̶Ƭʱ䡣
ͿƳһЦݵ̸߽˳ЯֶУ˫̸Եʮ顣ɲûƳ岻飬ʵߵͷ̫ˡ˿ĵȿëʱҪ𾪡
ҪǰϾͺԥĴӦ
лƳĴ죬Ȼһ·ͨ衣
иպþڳС
Ҷ֪뿪ûá
žȪͺͲһһطԶ֣Ȫ۰źáȪڳУȻȻγһˮءˮУȪȻʼԪһðȪˮɢһ˿˿ľ㣬ֻ־㱻һεһڡ
þ㲻ܳɢݳȥ
ܵı֤ȪϢʼհѿһ֮ڡ
ִһ߹ңǴ͹ݶƳҪһλšпǰľȪЦ˵
Ķ˲ţƳԸǲ˼еľʹǰͺ֮ǰëһֻ˲ţܵõڲͬĴ
Ĵ
Ľ
ֻҪвţһԵһʱнӼ
ܿ죬оںԺͤм˻Ƴߡ
ߵûֻ̫֮һԣǾıӣǾǣһ˿⣬ƺͨľǣĺ䲻һ䣬͸ıû
Ѿһ
˿̣ߵıӾͳֳɫ΢΢ʶ£УѾĵŵζȴĳĸ֪С
ûǾ㣬ľ㣬ȻԴͷʲôңǼʲôֻҪӵҾͿ𡣡
ֻŵвζ鼤ĳ嵽ǰһץסֱۣ
ɫԵ쳣ļͲûĭˡ
ŵ㣬ʦ
΢΢üеľ㣬Ѿʧһϡ£ʿŲǸоȴܲȻӾͷͬһ㡣ټ϶ԾƵУ֮£ĺ壬Ѿܲ³йء
һλǾʦ˵оƵķߣſ
Ƴ忪ڽܵ
ʲôǶſ
һ䣬Ҳɵĵһ㶣иоһ󲻸š
ſ֮˭ֻҪǻ֮ˣûжǲ֪ġ
Ǵ˵еʼ档
ഫϹŻƵ۵ʱһжſˣרŸʳ
ʱũķչʳÿ궼ôաǣʳ˳Բֻܴ꣬ɽɽʪʱһãʳȫˡſ״ʼ˼ڤ봢ķ
һ죬ſɢ˼ÿĴֻʣ´ִյɡſһʳȫ˸һʱ䣬ſ鿴ʳط֣Ŀǰ˵һЩҰɽӣһһæ߽ԭʢѿ˼죬ⲻˮЩˮɵġ
⾿ʲôˮأſչȥһţֻһ˼ŨˮپˬſŨˮؼңƷһڣһڣ˵ζռſҲΪ񡱡
еľٶͲ˾ֶصƷ
ңſû˶㡣
ʼУƣζѣҪǼصҩǲǿƱøӵĺúȣǾжصĹЧζһ¥
ǣڶſо£һδʧܵĻ¡һָơȥζޱȣӵǳ
־ƣԶſԼſơ
ǣſƣڻʷϣ¹ָĴ˵
ſƸʷУӵСơɾơ֮
ī²֮ԵʫӽƣԾʫʫ⣬ʫˣｻºţ
κ۲ܲٸʫԿ˼ԽǣΩжſ
ʫʥŸƣſƵȰ治󡱡
ʺ±ſ롱
֮͡һʫ塰˻£Ωضſ
Щ¼öſھеĵλ߶ȣﵽ㡣䣬ûһ־ƣܴﵽſƵĸ߶ȡһ㣬ǿЦġ
ֻǺſƵ䷽ʧˡöſƽʧʷС
żһ̳˺ֵǧ
ڳֵĲǶſƵ䷽ǻĶſ˵еľ񣬾ɡһ㣬ܲие𾪣еһ㶡
ԭǶĶſƣпѾãϧſֻ޷ƷΪлƷſƣжڣһԸ
¶ǿҵϲ֮ɫЦ˵
оǰ˵˳ۡ
ſһʦѣſҲؼ䣬Ҹʦʤĳ֮ĳϡĳϷϵȵ𡣡
ſֱҡͷ˵
֮ҪģơһѡƵطֻ֣Ǿġ
ģǡǡѵһ㡣κμգֻҪУնɾֻͣ츳Ҳйأɣ־츳
жڶſкһƳ硣
ΣſʦĴڡ츳Ե
֮ǰҶŵһľ㣬ƾƷǾƣȴȻɣڳУٴŵζǾƵе֪ܷ֪Ǿʲô
ſоĶڷѾԺȷǾеԾڳС

׵ͷû뵽ȪĴڣڳеľʼ¶μңԥѡ͹ݣΪ˿Ǽʲô
Ҳһ棬Ŀ¶⡣ſ֮Ȼ֪ܲ


553 ſ
ǵã꣬ڼУһ̳ſơ
ǶſƣǱ׵Ǳһصʵʵ㲻¶ÿζֻǰʱŻóһһңֻһѡһУԼȣÿֻһ֪ſеĵλԲһĸߡ
ʱҲǺصʱһΣŸѵʱĵ͵˲ؾƣһһҲеζкһһзǳˣľȥȵʱѾڴϡ
Ҳûж˵ʲôֻǣԺҲҲſƲˡ
ζһһǳյܡĸоϣң˵ЩſƻǶſģǺԶſƵطģϡ٣طʧˡ
ʧ
ĿĶſǰָоҲݡ
һ˿첽ԺУȪǰ
ˮأȪˮǾȪ˵еľƵȪǸ˵еľƹľȪû뵽ĳѰҾȪʮ궼ûκջȴȻ컹Ǿҵġ
ſȪĵһۣȪˮɢ㣬Ͳ²Ǵ˵еľȪƵ
ſƺ󣬷֣ҪöſƸһͱҪ취ҵõ֮ʱ˵ɽһȪˮȪϳ̳һĹӣǾƹ²ƣͿԵҪá
κѷɫ
ʱ֪󣬶ſΪƼգͿʼѰҾȪƹĵ·
ϧʮȴʼһ
û뵽Ȫ֮ϲöſӿֳ޾ϲ˷ܡ
ǶԸƳǣȪеȪˮɶʹãĶſơйϵĿ˵
һھȪһվտʦ˵ջ󾿾Ƕôǿ󡣾û˿ԵֵסſҪƳǣǴĺôʵ̫ˡ
£Ҫ¡оȪﶼȥҪþȪеȪˮҵĶſơöſɱɶſ𡣡
ſ¶һ֮ɫһƵϡ׷һĿꡣ
оȪߡ
жлܼƳǡҴרŸһרơ֪ΪΡ¶Ц⣬˵
ããֻ밲ƣûбҪģ֪û֮ءſҡҡͷ˵ľܾ
Ȼܴ󣬾ס˲࣬еǷ䣬Ҫ£Ȼٺòﲻȫңκ˴ơȫרоµĶſơ
ԽӴϲ
ڳȻٺò
ҪĶſ𲻱ͨĶſƣҪĲϸʳҪõȣиҩ˲Σ֥ȵȡҪĲϣҪǰȥռҪǣƣҪķ޸ˮǧʯ顣ܲɹһδ֪ȷԸҳơ
ſھ˵һĵرκһ֣ޱȣȴһ˵ʮ֣ò˵𾪡
ϷģҪƲϣһٶ׼á𲻼֮ǰȫԳƷ׵ĶſơţͨĲϣھȪȪˮ£Ҳɱơ
Ц˵ɫ䣬ϵĴӦһҪ
ЩȻ󣬿ſȣֵǲֵһᡣ
Ǻãоһ¾Ȫһӡſ۾ȫھȪϣһգգģȻעȫ棬߶ܡ
ʹôסˡ
ʲôᣬֻҪоȪ
û뵽ξȻܿ˵еľʼ档ſһӵĶſƣԡ
Ƴ̾˵һڻ԰У˵
Ҳû뵽һھȪԽʿ֪ж٣Ȼ½УδؾƵһˣʦʱ䣬δزصľһţƳУĺô֪ж١
ζ˵
˼ǡƳһĨʣصģ֮жſ°գ֮еĳߵλ
֪ߣҲ
еͷЦ˵ſͨˣݵλѾƳ絽һּߵĵزſˣǸ˵Уλߣһڶſƣӵؼ䣬þƵ˲ſɲףǺþ֮ˡжŸȵȡþߺ١
˵ףþǳġ
ڵʱһƴʦš
Ǳƣϴ
챦Ԫ䣬ÿǱҺšʿɫ˳Ϊ˼Ų֮󣬴ʫ׸רΪš
ʫԻŻȪӦϴҹ̨ףˣΪ˴
ڼǰǾͤɽÿγδ˵أسϴơ
һֺþƣī˵ҲԹף˵ƷöſԸھ̳ǰϧһûкȵſơ
ǺȵģҲͲĶſơ
ҪЩƵ˲֪ƳожſĻǿԺɵ˵ƳǶЩ˵˲ϢǵһĲΡ
֪ܽ˲š
Щ֮ˣȻӵƼдĺô޷
˼ʱĽſƳǵϢͷųȥƳ۾һ˵
Ĳ˵ԣҪĳʱſʲôطĻǿ϶ܣһԸϹȥſƵͷʵ̫ˡ
˵ʷϣһмصơ
ԣֻҪһ¾ͿԡƳڵʵѾȫʸӵжſĶ˲šܶ飬Ҳ̫ļɻ䡣
еȻһЦ
ҪҲҪӣҪľȻȻֻöſĴڣһ˲ŵľ޴롣˵ʵڣҲƷһ¶ſơǲ紫˵еô档Ϊһơ
Ƴ岻ʱ뿪
͹ݽ˲ţеĸɾǿҡ飬˿ƣʵ뵽ԺпҪжſƳˡ
׼չô
пѯʵ
ëݺʮֲ㲿Ѫצ˵ʮֶβȴܴĿģǵѡ飬ѾҪɡʹķΪƳȡ㹻ʱ䡣ʱ䣬һҪУͻӭһξ޴չ
˵


554 ƹķ
ڶ죬һϢ׵ĿʼƳд
Ծ˵ٶѸɢ
˵ûУ͹пһλ˵ݣ˵ˡ
ſ˵еľ棬ƵĵһˣƵʼ棬Ƕſƾġ˵Ķſƣһǳ˼ÿһƷˣΪ¼䣬ƣؼһľ𡣡
ſưҼǵõڵĳУĹˣ̾öſƣԸҲƣϧûдԸǰߺԸһſ
ǰſѾʧٰ֪֮ˣжԶſƻǣӡЩ죬н챾ͶʮӰſ˭˲֪˭˲Ҫ֪ſƳǣܶ˶Ҫ׷ġ
˲ãˡֻƳҪĳˡϢһȥٰ֪֮ˣУֻΪȡһ̳ſơ
ϢƺǴ֮ǰ͹ݿߵдġ˵ǰ˸߽Ҳ֪жſֻǣǰû˻Ὣʦȥ롣ؼ䣬жſ˲֪ж١ڴȴһһֻȻĸо
ȻǶſ˵еĶſưĳƷƲſȴֻδУһҪ취Ƴǣޣް
ͫ|վӻǰǸ̾˵
ͫ|ǰǿǸɵйʲôûƷΨſѾʧǮ򲻵Ҳһ˿
ԽΨжſڳУһ¥ڣһӽеӢѪһȻʮŨңеĿȴø
Ȼ͹ڵλȥ
ڣͽ˾ˣҲ磬綼֪ʲôط½ôⱲֻδټ棬Ƴ˵䣬һȥ֣׿Ȼˣ͹һǱȥһΡƳǳΪҲպ÷ϰŵƢſſһҪȵſ
һݴֺɫڵĿ󺺣һڽһӢѪУһì̤
ÿһһͬǧϯơһ˵ݵλͬСɡͬɱϽ

˿̣ѾھС
û뿪
˹ԹֱӻԪù̺ԪطҪŨʮ
ŹĲϳɳֻԪԽԽǿǹ֮ĵطչأͨҪǣ˻ۣۡԣԱ֤а֣صϵٶȸ졣
ھУҲʼԼΪʵ
ʿΪﵽϾʿΪﵽ׶ӵʵʵĶʮ޴岻öᣬֻҪƷʳķʱĸ档ʿΪȴҪϴĥ
аԳϾַΪ飬ǳС硣һ׶ΣͶӰ񺣣ϿͶӰϣֱϵɽͶӰֱԪע񺣣ٶȱƽʱ졣Խ࣬γͶӰԽ࣬ԪٶȾԽ졣
ֻһöϣԪʱٶȻ뿪ٳϣͶӰͬʿȡ
ǳǽͶӰ۳ǳ̣ҪģǲϵĽϿռеıԴ֮У۱ǳϱԴԽۺ۱ǳĹ̾ԽԽɡƴģ̡һγɣǸҪ߶ÿʱỵ̈γһ⽻ڡȻԪΪϵϷԪ֮С
ϾԪ̺޾ϣʱط֮Ȼɱ˫û̺طϵԪ̺صϵԪײųɵļǺ߻ʤӹɵġһԪɱḶ́ҲԪ״߶ͨһɱ䡣
аԸֳйϾ֮
ϾһɱḶ́һڵϼǣñĹ̡
ϴԪͺǵԵԪԪתɵԪͬġ
Խ࣬ɱ̾Խ졣
ӵеϣֱΪϣϣˮϣϣʶϣӿȪϣϣʳϣϡϣһʮһöϡȫѾﵽӳյĲΣϿγͶӰҪĺϻûɡ
ϸһԼڵϣȻʮһö֮࣬ϾУһ϶ѿٵʿԣֵĽʵġ
ϣѾκڰʱֿٳϣϣʵϣѾ۳ĵֻûɡθպõõýöһۣϵٳϡһϳɣϾУĵĲ֣ͳɡģǴ֦ĩڡ
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Ѿõټ֮ģȫϵϵĲܣȿϡ⣬һɣᷢԵɱ䡣
аԳ
ϾУһҪٵģϣκʱ򶼿Կ٣ȴһҪʱͼĸ
ܾκһĵرһĪ컯
һûгɣó¯ԼָĲϣʼϵϵḶ֮́ǰѾйüδΡ
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һʹ糱ˮϯʹ࣬࣬ģڷ˺ҧࡣ
ʹ࣬Ǻܶ˶֪ģʹ࣬˸о嶼Լġеʹ࣬˲Ϣϯ񣬴ݵ֮С׳ġ˿Ⱦʹѷɫӿ¡


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Լ䣬ڴһ߿һ˿˿ѹ糱ˮɢݳһ̣վڻҰУж޸ҿһʱܡѹؼĴڡ
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ѹֻǳּ䣬ͿԷֺ
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ھ䣬·𣬸սһÿһԪɽȥ
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аһϲ
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һͷаϣһ˿죬ɢ⣬źƻûеô󡣺ѾΪѪᣬɱѹ꣬аǿڿƺЩԡ
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ҪаħƷףȫ˿ѪѹޣѪֿ֮ܵӰ콫С֮СѹǵѪᣬҪ֮аʣֻва֮ǰȫװġ
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һ£ֻдһĲҽҽУȻԿھҷƺʱҪһ
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ڽаʵʶˡ⵽Ǹʲô
һŴڻռеεҲɻ
ⶫ̫ˣҪԼӵиֵ֣˵δֵܵסаʵʴⶫЩ죬ǣ̽鲻ͷԵĵط
֮ǰапֱĴڣʶ֪ܷ̽
Ժһͷ
漴ôˣֱ̽
һ̽飬ʱ֮ǰĿհײͬȴֳһѶϢֱӳԺС
һȴɫ䡣
аʵǻؼ䣬һаΪһ壬Ŀ֮ûʵ塣ʵɱ䣬ңΪаĻԶͳΪǿԴȪؼ䣬ݡɳѹ¯УԵػˮ磬аʣȴ۳һöε
ܹκڣͨʴԪƻΪǡܼеΪʹܵĿƣʹܹ⣬Ҳ޷ȱߵûй̶̬ɵıúͷֽ⣬ֻйܶ˺ǣԷ־ֻҪؼ仹аĴڣͻٴ𡣡
ֻһμأо̲סӿֳ޾ľ
аʣҪıߣؼ䣬ƾؼаһжаΪݵ׾ͿԳΪһµаǿߡ
ɵƻĶң޷
пƳǵĴþ棬׾ͻᱻһ
ֿܣǿޱȡ
ǶҶᣬ£˴ҡ
ѶϢ˵аʵֱǧ򻯣޷׽ŪΪ֡


559 а
ԶΪʳŪΪ֣Ĵڣһ֣ؼµаħΪֱӿ̽˵ܿ̽Ե㣬ܲеĴڣħҪ£ħҪѲʵá
ؼ䣬ǲ
֪аǶôĿ¡
֮ǰһŶаļ壬һ־ȻΣԣڷ֮ͱȡѹ¯УҪаֱǣû뵽ջ۳аʵ־Ҳˡ
аԾӡ
һҪᡣȡһ塣
ȻаʵûжıҪᣬǸһݣܿǱڵΣգʱǣźʵ壬ǡʵ֮䣬ת
а壬ؼһа֮ǿֻҪؼ䣬жаͿԲϳɳؼ䣬аԽ࣬ʵٶȾԽ졣Ǳ֮ǿ޾Ϊа֮аа֮
а壬а֮ʶɼΪڶԪ񡣼Ϊؼ䣬ķ֮
ɲǼ䣬еѾݳѶϢ
ȫΪһ壬ԺС
һ𾪵ͬʱҲɵİһ˿аôоЩϤһЩӡͻȻ䣬ԺиֳһЩ档
̲סˣѹֻоЩϤа壬ƺǰɽйأǵãһλаɵĿ´ڣɸаһ۳һаħаħɽУνǽ´ңױ췭ظҪɱ֪жôѡ
аڵаεһͬмȡؼаɳٶȣͨʿʮٱ̶ֹ̼꣬ӵбǧ޲ӵеʵ
а壬ֱؼһ޶Ŀ´ڣƳɷɣؼ䣬Ǳǿķ֮һ
⻯ؼ䣬Ĵ֮ͨһһĶãӵ壬ֺôȻʤһķֱ֮ӻûģʵ֣ʱҲʮֶݣʱһͻ᳹ʧ
һ㣬ͺñʥյĺëսʵҪڱ壬ͬʱʱҲƣһﵽʱ䣬ͻʧԣЩëֻܴСκβ˵ġȻ㹻࣬Ҳܷӳǿս
⻯֮
ģǵڶԪ֮
ԶصطһԪն뵽Ԫ֮У۳ڶԪʵһ㣬ĵڶԪ֮ȻɽࡣҲΪơ
ɽУڶԪ֮˵ǼΪģֻҪǸǿߣ취ڶԪ֮һֱ߷ţֽܵ٣ҲƾڶԪ֮ٴȫ䣬оĻᡣ
ң²⣬紫˵Уնʬ֮ʵ򣬾һַ֮ңεķնȥʬͬʱΪ磬˵õͻƣɱ䡣
򣬾ӵһ壬ķɣܾǿսս֮ǿδػѷɫ٣Ƕķ
ЩߵӰҲǲķ֮
ɣһǿսĽݾ
Դ౾顣õĺõģԲһһڶ⡣
ҪܽаɵڶԪǶҵİ޷зȫñǰյأɳа壬ֻؼŶаɷ֮Ϳʱ޿̵ĳɳʵǿսҪͿ̤۷塣ͨؼаƹܵڣĲаʴһֻϵ
гױһǿҵ
ֱϵڱ
ڶԪ񣬷֮ԵõģǼԪ˿̣ļôǰУûκɣͷ
ģǵڶԪطѡ
һõȫԿʼ
õһǱĵڶ
Ҫ취ѰҵڶԪ񣬷֮ص书ص书˵˵ֲͨͨҪԵԵһп·Ե̤ЬҲûô
һǰаʵ
еĿѾ
õһ߶ķջʵ̫ˡ
пԿ϶ؼ䣬ûκܹܵˡǴͨߣΪ֮
а֮壬ܻᱻɱңܽаʶֱĥ𣬸죬ҲаʵֱӶзᡣʶС
ѹڻռڣټϾӵǿƻʶױȫĥеżȻ벻ȷأʵ̫ں̶ܴϣܱơ
һѹڻռеаʵתȥ
磬Ҳ
ǰǿ¯Ҳһ챦΢󣬻ּ䣬
Ȼ;ȴǺõġȫһ⾪ϲ
ڰǾʲôطǳأԲںϺĲԭȾѾӵеĳǳءں֮ǰѾڣҲ˵¯ҪǺڰıһǰĺڰµġ򣬲ܻڳУǴ֮ڡ
ԭȵĺڰ֪ǷҪƳаʵĲǺڰǣ϶ĳδ֪ĶǺڰԾճиаָ׳ʵһϣаʮơ֮䣬Ƿصϵ
Ժӿֳͷ
ɻ֯һȴһ顣
룬ҲֻʱЩһߡʵǣЩǿһܵõ𰸵ġĲܣô׼һ㲻ʣĳȥ
ϾϱԴȫӳУУ۵ıԴΪۺΪǿȳԽ۵ϱԴͻƵǳײ㡣
αչأϣȫۣ֮һڶĿģҪϱԴ۳ǳϾУǰ̤һ󲽡Եɱ䡣
ԤƶõĿꡣ
;аε飬ûдĿꡣ
ʼӳգֻͶӰҪ۳ǳҪϱԴ۳ϵĸġͬʱһֻǣʱǿϣֱǳԴ֮һ֧ŲסȻ޷ɹֻǳḶ́ǿԷֳɶΣϵĹֱۡɡһֳ֮ԺС
аԳ£ԺиֳϾڶ׶ε֮


560 ǳ
ʿԣһ쳤ؾõ顣
ϾҪԴһԣٶȸ첻ˣҵϱԴͬĵر֮Դ׳ͨͺǰĹУǹ֮˲ϱԴǣǵɱ䡣Ͻ
ĵرϱԴǿ档
ں̶ܴϣ޵ľԴ޵ľǵ̡
ʿУҪˣԴΪˣǴ֣Ҳ
֮·Բһƽ
ѾײεϣԴ֮ۺ񣬾޳ҡҪģУ۳Դġ
һڣһûκγɡ
ѾС
ѡûоϵϵḶ́ȻȻľͳˣڿϵıԴĸȻȻף֪ʲôҲȻףҪۡ
Դ֮
һ˿Դ֮ȻȻĴеͶӰд֡һƺڰɫ⣬ɢŨϢһ֪
Դġ
ԺкԥĿʼ롣
ֻ־ΪʶһƾȻȻĳУŹ룬Ϊһöķģģƺڲϵıãͬ߰㲻Ťȴƺ̺֪ı
뱾Դ֮
һ䣬ֻƺڰɫıԴ⣬ȻȻĳŹķ˽ȥһ룬ʱõķģһӱޱȣͬʱųһڰɫ⣬һɶصĵԣڷ֣뱾Դ֮ǰ߾ͺһһǻ
Ե
ͶӰ
ۣɣӳеԴͶӰɵǳ˽ȥ
γɵǳһһöӦ˿ȴȻȻĻһΪһöڰ׽ǳŷĵ룬ԿöõǳһλãȻʵʡɢصĵϡһʵĸо
ȻֻҪõǳͶӰɱʵ壬۳ʵͿֱǳһ׵С
ŷ룬ǳı仯ҲɰһĶ־ûԥͶ۱ԴĵС
ٳʶϣǰ۳
Ӵľڹ۱ԴʱֱױȵơֻҪʶеľû֮ǰͿ֧һֱԴԴϵĹ룬۷ġ
ٶȣͨʿʮֹ
һö
ö
ö
һööԴĽϵۣ뵽ǳУУڱԴ֮ģȻǼΪ޴ġʮ־ˡһ׶Σʵƴľĵ̣ԴǷǿۺ
ֻҪԴ֮ǿֹ̣ǱĬˮɵġ
ʱȻš
һȥ
ھУû˿ʶУȻԿһöԴɡ
ˢ
һöԴ뵽ǳʱͿöǳɱ䣬ɢһĺڰɫ⣬ǳ˸ǳɢͬʵʰĹââϣȻȻԪ֯һ
һ˿˿ϣԴԴϵ뵽ԪС
ͬʱɢһ˿˿Ԫԡǳ֮£ĵԪʼۿɼٶȿٻָָٶȣ൱ˡ֮ǰ
ǳɢǳ֮⣬̺ǳԴϣ̺ͬžԪѸٻָġԣϾǿߣڵԪ֧ųʱɱҲԪ׿ݽߵ
򵥵һ仰
ûˡ
Ȼ棬Ͼÿһ磬ڵģ۳ǳܸоͨǳ֮ϵԪ߶ͨøסܹͨǳԪڶԣʩչԸɡ
бĿڵɱ䣬ҲɰԵͷɱһ󲽡ʮֲסÿһž޴ı仯
ǲϽǳ۳աǳۣյرݣøȹ̡ӼͣԱݻ٣ĥ𡣡
ÿǰһһθԵɱ䡣
ңԤ⣬ǳԽǿվԽȶܶǬԽ࣬񺣶ǲɺġޱǿ
ǵһöҪľǽǳһöһö۳
ȻⲻǶʱɵġ
вûżɡƳе飬ܳ׵˦ƹ񡣸ùעĻҪע
ô죬óȥοҵĶӿǺü㶼ûƷ⿵ʳٲҪҷˡ
뵽⿳ʳҲɵİһĭ
ڵʳϸҲʼ췴ڲϷߴ١
֨ѽ
ƿң˳̧ۿգһֺ̫ͮͮӶȽȽ
ˣڳˣ֪ҪЩʲô
һװ׾վ⣬߳ݼ
룬һ̫ࡣ
Ĳɲ̫ͨ࣬ΪңΪͣųȥǶĺ֣ƳУǰеһݴΡ
ǲġͯӹ̫࣬ҪŹı׶ˣһ˲ͻʧ롣ȴԶΪ̫࣬ûֵ£ƴץסκαǿĻᣬץÿһÿһ롣
ǰ񺣾صĸ֡
۳ء
ģڳУе̫࣬ͬΪв࣬Ҳǲ಻
еĿУŹǴųݣǾη֮ɫУмͬoһ㣬ޣΣнȳʵһʼѾ϶иġ
һмĹ
̫̬ϼ˵ġ
ûδȴϣϲǿߡ
ĸûС
пѯʵ
ĸӦѾСĵһ¾ȥ֪ͨĸ̹˵
ȥ֪ͨأ˵ҽ⽡ʳ׼⽣ģϡҪ㡣
ϳ⽣ǾһּΪĸܡ
⽣ڻĵʳУżߵĵλ
ʵڹʱǽӡ⽣ͬһʳֻϷչŲӦ𡣽ӳԵڣ⽣Ե档
ֻҪĺãζ;ԲˣζȫϡңΪڵĲͬýӵζҲֱ仯
⽣ȴʦ㹦򡣻ڣֻ΢ζĸ϶ѣԵģƤƤãζ;Բˣǣӵĸ߶ȡ
Ƥܲãǿľʦ湦򣬸ϣƤķͬҲζͬƤҪ˵Ҫԡ


561 
ӳԹҪƷһʲôġ
ȻȻڴȴǿ
ʦڳʦУһּΪ֣ܶʦ඼ֻǾͨĳһĲϵ磬ʦר㷽ʳϵĳʦҲԼó𣬲˵ᣬֻ˵еȡ
ػһ㣬֮ǰĽӾܿĳרŵʦĳ
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ˡ
ǰȥҲʱϲ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ջΪһ֮չʱ䲻̫Ц˵
紫˵ЩʿһչؾǼ꣬ʮ겻ģǾԲܵģ˵һ꣬Ǽ²֣жʡһϣΪ֮еҲʧ
еĵãȻǳΪһ֮ԽȥѰҪĸƷգõԶͨʿԴ֮䣬ȫûжԱԡʧȥģһɡ޷ؼĸַ⡣
չʱ䣬֪Ƴǵ͹ݣһλ˲Ĵšһߣһգգ۾ζ˵
ţ˶ſ֮⣬͹ɵ˲ô
̲סһ˿档
Ҫ֪˲ţԲô׾ġںϵ£˲½ķΧȴǺޱߣޱ޼ʵ˵ֱɽһǶ㲻ϡķΧУܹ׵̫˲š
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ڽѧԺѧþ˲ŵڡ
˲ţÿһǶ֮ϲҲʼ棬ɵģ˭
Ƿô²һšңǸѼͬһʱ˲šһƹЦ˵
ǸѼ㴦ͬһҲ˵ǶĩʱڡҪǶ˲ţǾƹĻУӿֳ˲ţʵ̫ˣʤ𡣽档ľƹô࣬ô£ⲻΪֲ㡣
Цҡҡͷ˵
飬ûа취ȥ£Уƹǽ죬ϲȾƣ˭ľ˭ķ塣
ÿ춼ɱ¾֮У񳤾ôһֽ״̬֮£ҪȾ⣬ǼΪ˳µ顣
УƹļʾԽ
ȥһƹǲܵ顣
ҵѾǰΣһֱڱչأԣÿζ޹ѼȲ˵ӦþͿԲ³ݡ
Ц˵
Ѽ㣬Ǹڹһ磬ƽӶȶȻһνֵܸܡҪ֪ӶǼһһʿѾﵽǿĲΣȴڹˡҵϽ˵еĻֻû˻Ķ֡
ʱֻһ£һճ¹Ӣĳ˽һʱûмϵǹӢԽӵŨˡΪֹҪ
ף״磬չسˡ
ȵſһУ϶ʱһ˿ΣϾЦŴкȻԼ𣬺ŮĻ棬ƻ
ƻƻˣҲʲôŮ顣
ӢʱǱĸƯˡͽˣСǰȣȫʱ㡣
п¹ӢҲǰһ
޳ģһɫ£ճߡǰıҲǳʮ𺳡һǿҵ
ͽȷʵǰȫͬÿ춼ҪԸָɱޣڻҰд󡣻ҪͬҪٲɳ綼
¹Ӣһ˿̾˵
Ķ࣬Ż֪Ųס
Դկ򣬹ųΪ֮ءڳ⣬ޣ£ҰУ̫Σգ󲿷ֲֵﶼ仯üΪ£൱ֲ
һȥ˭֪Լô䡣
пܣһ۵ɱ֡
ĻУҪɳܡ
ˣֻܿԼҪǿֻܿԼȥƴɱһ㣬ҽ̲κˡֻȥܡ
׵ͷ
Ȼ˶ʿδأ˶ܳΪǿߡľûǿս֮ġ
ˣ״磬˸ڹھУûе֡ǿһλ˲õĺ¹ӢͻȻ˵
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һ˿档
Ҫ֪ӶһʿľҪɱǾͬке֣Խ׶սҲʲô¡
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ʱͿһװҵǰУߺȻһ࣬룬ɫڵӡеĿ⣬Ҳǵһʱϡ
һӡ
һۣҲ̲סһ̾ףھУϵƣž޴

ҵУ漴͹һϲǰ죬͹пǵõһλд󽫡ʵңɳľսȻУĩȴ޷ţֻǰʾ԰š
һԣн죬ɾƹܣڵľҵû취ŵģȻһ
һԱͽʽմ
̧ۿǰĺ󺺣ƽѯʵ
ĳŷ£
ſ³һ仰ͺͭһĿͬڴС⽫ԼԺЧҵĶܲúõĹ۲һ¡
ͳͳγѡ
Ǳ˴˼Ը񲻺ϣ˵ҲȫûйȥıҪ
ŷɣ£㾹Ȼŷɡ
һ̣УҲ̲סһĨ֮ɫзһȡ
ŷ˭Ǵ˵԰е֮һ֮УľսӢսĴ˵׿ʵܲһЩɹŷɵʵǶġֻǿʥ֮ȴ֪ںܶУŷɵʵȹǻҪǿһ˿
ǣŷɲһçϸκ˶Ҫϸ塣
ŷ廨ŷɻĴ˵
ŷɱǶŶյġ
ֻǣаơھƣֱǴﵽһֳԵĵز
ʷľƹ֮һ
һûûˡ
Ȼ֮ܣӹɵġս֮ǿҲǹھȺۡ


562 Ϣ
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аӿֳһֿϲ
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ɷϣһս
õĺãԵֵʮ
սȻ֮Ľ֮飬ͶƳǣһ㣬УоЩ˼飬ͬһ㡣
ȻֻҪŷĴƳǣҲԲὫ֮⡣
Ѿȫµ磬֮޷ˣпָܷڽȻͬ򣬼ľ룬пһӶؾ۵ġпѾĳΣաˣĳ䡣δ֪ʵ̫ˡ½ϣûǡ
ȫ
˭ԼǰǣҲ䣬Ρ
֮Ľ֮飬ΪʲôѡƳǡһƽĿŷɡѯʵ
Ϊ㡭оƺȣ
ŷɵĻش𣬲û˾ȵ°ͶҪ¹ӢŴͣһ𾪡
ɣǿ
УһҲɵаԷһ²ۡ
һʼͱֿΪֹҲ֪ǾƬʵ̫ˣֻһӶҵǡѣƳ㹻ʵӴ塣ҲʯĳΪնѣƳкβɡ
οſľ涼Ը鸽ΪԺܺȵſƣŷһ⣬ͽˡĿûУһ١
ŷɴ˵Ĺâһ㶼ûçģƹʼûб䡣Ⱦ
Ϊ˶ſƣȫһԲһеı顣
ȻֻҪŽԸ룬ĳɨ¶һĨϡ
Ҫд磬ϢҪȥĻϣԷУҪŷһǿ˵һ䡣
ãһ㣬ҴӦ
΢յͷӦ
֮ĸ飬ӹɣȻǼΪġȻٴĻᣬֻ»൱ãָڸֲͬ˭֪˴˼ԶٴļʣС
˵ţֻҪʱһȻŷɶƳǲһĹСʱ򣬾˵ϢŷҲδػȥ
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ԭȵһУ
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һȷ֣һ񣬴׼ƳǣƳ빲ܲɷ֡
Žҵ£绢
пæվ첽ǰŷɷ
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֮ǿŷҲаԴ󾪡
ӶҪǿǿ˲ֹһŷԺпֳһͷ
ȵӦʱѾ
ȻеĴŹûǿߣӦǰĳŶԡһ·΢ĩ𣬴ɱһƬǿߣ治ߡ
ϴݳϣŷҲһ˿ж
ʱ˶ͤ
ŷͻȻ˵ȻͶƳУôҲҪһͶ״
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˵Ͷ״ʵҲǰŷֵһ鱨׼չƳǣ鱨ļֵʮش󡣡ŷٴο˵
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̲סһ˿棬ͷ˵
ĳǽⷽԲ֮ڣ֮һҰʱոս٣޹ǰ̣һɱ£µսˡֻܱߴˣһɽС
ŷɿڽɽȺ󣬲ŷ֣ɽڣȻһ档ǴҲǷ棬Ӧ˵һƬһ֡ڽʱΪĳԭ򣬷ˡѣĳʱֻƬ˱ܹȥڿ󣬲ŷ֣ΧƬ޹࣬Ӿˡ
ид壬ƺΧ档ֻЩ壬ֻҪɱȥУͻɢ⣬кȻиֹϵʥ;壬ʥ˸⣬ޣɱ塣Щޣ޷
ŷɻĻ
ʱҿĻ棬ûҿҲ֪棬ԲǷ棬˾סҶߵʱʶʶʥ鼮϶жˣңǵطҵ۹⣬Ӧһ޴Ժһ֡ʥ£϶ͨԺ
ŷɿ˵
ĿģǵڣĳԺУÿֻҪܻһĻɺľЩޣʮӴȴ޷ɱƬ棬֪ǾԲͨԺۿóһż˺һҳִŹһֱɱ
ʲôԺķ档
ȻһԺڸңǾԵֵס޵ĹⲻͨԺÿһǱ
ҪǲͨԺѧҲ϶ͨѧҪܼƳǣֱǿƳ绢̤ڷ֮·
ܣҵȶ̲סһ
ԲϢʵ̫ˡ
ɵӶ֪ǲͨԺп֮ܶ·ޣʿһȡõĺô޾ġ
ȻԺ̺ʥԣܱѧӣֻ£пǴ˵ļԺ֮һ
аԳ
ȻԺżȤʲôŴ˲š
ǴԺҵٽϢǡʱ򣬾Ϳֱӵõһ˲šڿҴ磬ǲˡͬΪһ֮ҲﾡáĳƳĵͼʱҿֻܰ뿪һߣһ߽·Ƴɵͼϣá
ŷٴ˵
ͬʱһ޴ľϲȻóһݵͼͼһ·߹ĵ·⣬˳ŵͼң߰˳ɵİտҵĿĵء
ãؼǣ⣬Ժķ棬ڻҰһ࣬˭֪ǷܹڻҰ֧ŵڡнӹͼۿ


563 鶨
ͼŷֻƳġл滭ĹףȻȽϼª·ߣͼϵĸԲʮֻҪߵӦĵطյͼ⣬ȷʵǿԵִյĿĵء
ݵͼļֵ֪
ָģһԺλãҲͨԺпĳʱеĶԺһõĺôʵ̫ˡ
ܼң֪ͨϣ³ʦˣ¡
ϸеĵͼܿƤƵġңԭ壬Ǻ»ƹġһЩԵĵضΣרűע
ǣ
ٴӦ
ʱõѾʳûٶ룬ֱӽͼһߣרĳ͡⽲١ҵŷɣ¹ӢȶһƷ⽡һԣҲŷɵθڴ󿪣оһּµܡ
ڳԵĹУûͷԺӵеģϸƷǰʳζÿһ˿ζУڡ
иˣƷʳʱ̬ȣϵġǶʳһء
һ¶ǣʳϸʳϣ׷תһȻȻ˲°˰ٽøǿ
ټϵȻת£ѾﵽʮһңȻȻӡȻĽɱ䡣
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Ƴ嵱վ˳ϵ˵Ժʵڣֻһ֣дڵѧȻʥ;ģޣɱ壬ǾͿԿ϶ѧԺУӵֻ֮ҪܽǾȳԸƳһǿĵ̡
Ҳҳ֪ԺΧȥȣʵҪûʵҲͰˣʵȻ޷š
ģɶ˲Ű
֮У˲Ÿѵá
ܻԺѧͶϣȻóзչѸ١ڽԺҲһ档³ʦҲͷͬ
ڵǣŽ˵⴦ԺʱһǰһʱУԷκ飬καʶпܳ֡ѾڣҲпܵġҪ֪鱨ΧԺĸ壬жˣʵжǿҪϸ飬֮£³çá
Ҳ˵
ǲͬȥˣǱҪ֪鱨źӦӦԡ
˵¼ȨӵпռţǷв֮Ҳ飬ڼΪɴģӦüװУǲһСǰһԱ鱨ʹģʦڣ塣һ̽Ժɴڣƾ辫֮оȳѧӡԱݾߡ
ڼ΢󣬻˵
ĩԸǰԺĳȷ֣ϣһͬСŷǰ
£ʵѾãֻҪһпУԺиֻ֣ߣģʼһ˿ΡлᣬȻϣǰΪģֻΪֲе˿Ρ
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Ľ᲻⣬ǸоһôЩʹ졣
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йӡƳеĳˣǧĸһвڣľͲֶ
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һϣֵĺǵ塣
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һûʱ󲿷ѾȥУֻʣ»Ƴ壬ڼŷɵˡ
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п˵ּ䣬ռֱӴ򿪡ȳ̤˽ȥ
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ʲôطƳԺжʶĸֳһͷ
Ŀɨӹȥֻһɽ壬̤ĵطһƽ̨¾ͺǱʮƽ̹ƽ̨һΣȴһ޴ɽ
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ֻڽͷۿɼٶȷСձһ˴СڵϣУǵĽԴչ˲䡣
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˵
ȻٳɽУٴγʱѾҧһֻϻ˳ϻǰµġ
꣡
һȻԿɫСݡȷʵԵЩ졣ɢһ˿Ϲ⣬һּΪ׽ĸоʮֿһڳȥ滹ݳһֺƷöö
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ЦĽԴҲ컯ܿ˵ȻǺ¡
ʣµҲûԥּ滹̺ڵУԺ󣬷ܿ˵дá
ƣ
Уһ߿ХȻԿһƬɫƲƺϯ
ǺȻǽá
ϸȥԭЩϻŽɫëСһѾ൱޴ſȻ׿ſ˫ϣֲһööɫƬơ


564 
ЩƬ˸һ˿˿Ľ⣬ϸܵķֲÿһ򣬱鲼£Ĺâʮҫۡ
ǰģȻ;޴ķ
ڷ޻Һ£Ѫɱ䣬ĸǿ󣬷УԵ쳣ɫĿ绷⣬ɸտᣬֻҪԸ⣬Ϊµɱ¾֮硣ϯķ
ңϣһĸ԰Ϣ
ʱʱĻͷһЩСһ
޴ͶԣЩСһȷʵСһ㡣ûκοɱԡ
Ǳˡ
Ƴͫһ֣ЩСһﱳϣȻһսʿңÿһɢϢΪǿھУĽʮǿ
˿̣ЩСһﱳϣȻµĽòϵĽڣںһƺôͬһƵ֮СԪϵǱ˴صϴˢѾʼΪһ塣˵˴˼䣬Ѿͨ
ǴƳǵĿ
ڼĿãжʱһͿ̽еĴ㡣
ԭˣѹǰҵ˵һ־ʿͻȻߣԭǵ˴˵ĬγƳǵĿǱȻóʵԺԸеĹž޴ĵֿ
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飬ڵúҾѾ׼ѡʿֱЩСһСĬһɳһһס˴˼䣬ͬһ㡣ȵʱ죬һóԼǩԼ˴˼䣬빲ǲǳ֮Ĺϵ֮ƽȹϵ
һϵ˵Ͼ̫࣬һ֧ĿȻ̫٣ԣҴԽΪ壬ټݵһ֧ǿѾʼɫ⣬ΪģǷһ塣
зڣһҪշѣǿ˵൱ɡ
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ֻҪʱ㹻ƾһһȺķֳԿĴ
񣬽һʮֻҪ˵һ֧Ȼ㲻ϣֻһ֧СӶѡ
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֧УΪסھӿֳһ˲ţֽû֪ȴΪǿǿ˸о˼顣
һΣɱУһһצ˺ţʱܿĵѪӿԵ쳣£ƣκ˵ˡʱδȴҡͷʾϣʮãֻܼ򵥵ķ˿ڣһ£ܻܲ
û뵽ˣʱ䣬ϵ˿ڣϴ룬·Իġʱܶ˿һ
ڶΣ벻õɱУ֣ţؿһ󶴡Ŀģ඼ʱ򣬴ٴθ´ȥĿܲĿ󣬶̶ֻˣԻġ
ΣɱУսϣһЫսΡû˺ȷѾˡ˵ʲô⣬϶ˡ˭Ȳˡ
⻹ǷˣȻڴս󣬿εˣһȻˡʱ򣬿ǰʬŵĲ塣
ԣһδҪģôѾûж֪һĳƺ˶˵èģо
˽£ܶ˶ɣпܾͨңʮǿı֮֮ͨͬϡһδεվдϵıǿΪͬеǿߡ
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ھУ˵ӱ
ΪһԱǳΪеĶӳֱӶи
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ܺãʱ䣬һύһԼʱǩԼָӦӵӳսǿ׵ͷ
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ЩСһнŵ㣬ѪȴëֻƬƬۡǿͨ嶼ǽɫɫƬʮԣȻˣͽн񡣽ǳһƱ仯˷ۡϣЩСһδһɳ졣ҡֱϡ
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ֻҪ;زۣЩСһδĳɾͣȻΪеһǿ塣
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⽫һµ塣
ڼҲͷͬ
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ϸ˼һ£žʹϲ쳤Х֮ͬ⡣
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ЩСƺöһ˷ܵĴԵʮָˡǾȫµ壬
ҲڰһɹɿھԵúǸˡ
ӣִҲ˳һǵѵɹΡǿСΨʵսܼ
пֱ˵
ʱ׼ս
ƽ˵
Ҫִû˿ľ¡Եóȵ

ĵͷ̤Ͻĺ󱳣һ
ŷɣƳȣǱڱϡ
ˢˢˢ
һ
нڰУһƬɫƣǰʼ衣


565 ִ
ʮֻͬʱϸ߿գǱϵսʿҲǼĶϣ˴˼ĺͬһֽƵСڰУгĶСͬΣԶȥ
ֳ˷ڸ߿Σķĸоޱȡػԣ·һ̣øӿ㡣
ƳվڷϣԶǰܿģһƬޱ޼ʵĻҰҰУ̫ΣգҲ
ƬƬɽ֣ʶɽ塣
һϪӡԭʼʱҪԭʼЩʮɣϰɵĲڻҰУ㲻ʲôȱȽǡһɫٶȼ죬ĻУȻС
ȻУصǿµա
֪ŶٵݡһŲϣôܳá
Ȼ˵ƳѾ˵ɴ󲿷ͽˣҰֻڸ̽һ룬ļ൱󡣿֪ҰΣղǼ򵥵˵˵ѡ
ɽΣգͬΣա
ݶԼյĸ̡һֻҪݸڿͻȥԷƴֹһıԡ
ǲԼ޷ǿڣ򣬺ٻ
񣬽Σ֮ϵϢôݣлһҡԹԵĽԴ£ʲôƵľٶĪľˡ
ߵϢ̫ǿ
УȽ׵ĵλֱ࣬ӵġμΪ
Ұصʵ̫࣬󲿷򣬶˵ǳΣյ˭֪ʲôĿֲڡһ죬Ұᱻı²
пǰءɫŵ˵
һ̣ϸһޱȼŵ
нǰ·һ·ϣǳͨ裬Ǹܵǰʮǿ޹ڿҲ׵áƿƬ򡣼ĿĵǰСӵпǿơ
еͼΪָңͼϱ־ﶼԡ
ŷɱȷϡһ·ϣͨ裬ܿ죬ƳƹܵĽΧ֮ڡ̤뵽δ֪УҲҰУдկաܿڶЩկ𹥻
ʱսֲпĻ棬С
вûȥǹܲˣҲǾȲˣ飬ȱȽǣȵһȲˣΨϱǿ󣬴øǿƳǱøǿӸԴϽЩ⡣ܹǿ衣
ӿٶȣĿĵء
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ŷɵͷǰָ·
ʱлͷ濴һۣȻһկУһȺһȺƤĹɱЩƤʮӴһײޱȣӣľԴҵķѣԽĴɽץŮˣ˵ڵأ˷ָ顣
ޱȡ
һۣȻͿһʮŮһ֣ǰһƤһķЦСŮ˹ȥɫ䣬Ǳ飬ѾǴΡԴʲôȫԲĵ
ҪܻһЩƤ
Ůɫ԰ףȴſڷŭ
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ۣ
ŮʱһöڰɫֻƤԴϣһңԴʱԽ䡣˲䣬Ϲâ˸Ȼ䣬һƤͬʬתۼ䣬Уʧ
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ǻ棬ͬһ㡣ĴկеҴߣһǴĿģоһֲ˼顣
һööڴկд֮ЩƤûп֮׾ͱɱ⻭棬կеİոе𾪣ЩƤҲͷƤ顣һ˿ǿҵĿ־壬֪һһУתͳȥ
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쿴ϣһȺɫĹɹȥôоࡣ
կдкµͬʱҲ׷׿ʼѰҸոսԼǿߡϸȥϾͿЩֱӷյġĽҲСԼ俴Ӱ
ϵǿֱ߽ӴߣϧǣĻᣬϵĹѾˡǰнԶ
һǿ֮һᱨ
Ůɫ԰׵Ŀգȴ¶һ˿ᶨ

ȵһȲСΣǡ˵һǧһ򣬻̫С
ڼҡҡͷ˵
εľٶгеһСѡ
˭û⣬ǰ
֪ȥáͻȻ䣬ŷɿ˵ûмǴǰ治Զҵ귢Ժλáɽһһĸһ㡣ɽ壬ԺУ伫Ϊ̡ԲǴɽȣɽ֮¡
Уһ˿ƶ
յͼ˵ȷʵѾҪִĿĵء
óͼϸۿҲͷ˵
ɽ壬ʮԣҲˡȷʵĿ
ΪʲôɽȡôɽѾȫ֡
ʱŲϿ£ϸ̽飬Ѱȴûзŷ˵ɽȣֻǣɽ£ܿƬգĿġ
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ŷ΢΢ü˵
ȷʵԣԾ߲֮ɫƺͨһɽԭȵԺпѾ׶༪١
һ˵
ҲԵЩѿ
Ȼγɵģһ㣬ŷɵ˵ܲ²пŪģֶΣԺдļʣֻ²ܴ
Իѧʱϰ֮˵Զֺ˲֪㳣Ӻ
īԻǨߣ֮Ǩߣ𳣡Ǩж֮ǵҲ
īνԻΪܣƩ֮ܣ
ʱͻȻ䣬У˸
һʥ֮Բϻصɢصĵϣŵ
ЩƺڲϵķѧӶջص


566 
ѧʥԵԺڣûбơһԺڡУ̺ȻѧӣȻӵ֮ң
Ƴ϶ʱӿֳϲ֮ɫ
бܵĸоһС
ȻڣڵΣӦƲֹۣϾɲǼ򵥵пŪΧԺסԺʿ޷ƿȻ򵥡ſµ
ڼ·£ȻûɢԼɢһ߲ʰĹâɼǱѰ
ŵʱɽлûֻд޹ڹԺԺеʥ֮赲סǵĹӦЩκβԺ£ʹֶΡ
ŷϴŲ޵˵
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п˵
ĩԸǰ
ŷɹϵ
Ըǰҵıֶα˸ǿȥʡ
Ҳ˵
ʮֵӲֻҪ޷ֵĹˣѵϣʮ⣬Ҳʮǿڱϣ޿ɿɱȵġ
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ãǰȥֻңȡ硣ǿҲסҡ
пһ㣬֮ǰѾȷݸġ
һ㣬ǻƳ廹Ǽڼû¶κε֮ɫеԸο϶ǰȥ̽飬ʵϣҲֻʵġռſȡ磬һʵǳ뻯ɲ⡣İΣҲǺġ
ǰпܣǱԺ֮СֱܷӽЩѧӾȳһϺܶ˼ɡڼ˵
Ǳȥ巢ֵģֻС˻һ㡣
뿪ڸһŵأа⸽¶Ŀܼ뿪󣬶ʦİšһбʣһ֪ͨ
׵ͷ

ڸ͵档ҲȻȥ
һֵ˹ȥ
Ȼ죬Ͽʱ߲֮ܿɫڿȻһֻҺɫдҳɣŹֵǣУôһɹŹֵתʲôĵرĳֶصϣԴ
ƺǶҵûиоǿвϢΣȥ˵
Ȼ̺ŶӦòǾ綾ӰֱӳķΧңҲֱŵˣûгκȷǾ綾
ҵҪ˴һƬɽȵģĸ塣⣬ɽ֮У󲿷Ѿ֧ռݡԭΧԺݣǻɱ
һһȥ
УҲǼıһֶΡѡһΪƫƧĽ䣬̤С
жȻϣ̺
̤еһɲǣüͷҲ΢΢ϸоܵУһ˿˿Ķϵڣ˳Ƥ˳ĺڣסҲܴһ͸־綾Ѿٳϡ
ӵǿǵжԡһڣͱ⣬۳Ļ绯أԣؼ󲿷ֵľ綾ٶֲǿЦѡ
Ҳ̤еĵ
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ݴ˵ֻҪԼѧ˵ѧеõټҵϿɣʸ߳ѧǰԼѧ˵ʽѧɡȡӡ
пѧַĿʱýȻֻͬѧѧӣѧַŹҪҪǰַһߡ
ѧַȫԽ˽һѧѷɫҪǿ󣬵̸ѧվѧļϣߵĸߣԶ
һаһͷ
֪ѧжѧӣʦӰټңǷ񻹴ѧС
пѯʵ
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ѧеʱ٣Ѿʮֲơֻһ֣ԭѧеʦѧӣӰ֪ʧˣɢطѧɲƹܡģںʱֱӴӸнٵģаգǰţũ򣬴ҽߵȵȡڶѧУʥ顣
Ц˵ѧ֮ǰȻûʦѧӣȴ¸ķšҵ޷ţҽҵҽȵȣЩ伮ҶѡȤİټѧ˵룬ѧеĹ伮ΪҶԲʵֵס޵Ϯػѧ
˵УҲ¶һֳ֮ɫ
ѧеľֻ֧Ҫһ뵽ѧֻһ֣ҲĶ־УսҲǧš
ҪʲôǾ
ǧţջ˭޷ܵġ


571 ̴
ǰԺͻȻֳʱЩĳʷ
һƴʵ۶ŸɣκһС£Ȱ롣͢ʱ£ͲñֱӴֻҪˣǧˣ飬ֱǱһַ糱֪ٴǰ̣ƴĵ·ߡ
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ǰĲͬѧжˣĿеһʥأΪػʥضҲ
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пѯʵ
вˣ֮ǰںʱڸգۼѧУѧԼ
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Ȼôࡣ΢΢һѧΧˣǳԷ⣬ޱѣʣһΪȱºܼѡ
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ش󣬳Է󡣶Ŷӣ˭ܹ
Ȼѣũҵĸ֣ũܵĶֳʳʳϣǿӦֻǣѧڵֵĵط࣬ܶʱ򣬳ԵʳҪӦ˵ũһǿĶͨڶʱڣѸʳ졣ֻǣҪɹʵںѡ
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ǰҲԲͬĳγʱڵѧűܵĳݣȡѧѧûκԭȵѧߣʦֻµĸֵ伮ԵѧʢʱڣӰټƼ˼룬ѧ˵ײʱ財
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ũʳֲֲҩ츳ֶͨ˲˼ġ
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Ȼж֮СֱΪԪԪΪꡣȻʱ䲻ǵķΧȴǴٽֲֶ֮һ
паԵͷ
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ϢġϸǿκεĶߡɼũҵֶΣҲǱѰ
Сӣôˣһλ˭ôǰûмѵġ
ڵиֵһũ̧ۿ˹к¶ƵЦݣԴһ˿ֵ˵
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ңͨɣŻ磬ʦѧߺ㡣߳ͨʷƴǸѧ⣬鷨׭ߣСˬˬۡɰס壬ԺӰŻϡ߷ɰ顰оף񹦡
һУϲռϡżֻҪûжģ뷽跨ĽռһвԴǧļʮ
ʱ鼮õĿÿһżõԳضռô࣬乤֮ǲɹġ˾̾
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һֻӺѱ˳סլԱԾľ֦Զ˶֣ǰۿ˺ܶࡣ常岮ֵͬӣûзּң˶Ʒкá
ɼ֮ʵ顣κۿۡ
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аգһѧգܵõ֮ӰټҵĵͳܸЩ忹⣬סѧơνǹû
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аԳ
ѾаԳ˼Ҫ˵ѧеˣĸԸĴߡĿ꣬ɲǼ򵥵ĴһˣҪȫ
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Իѧʱϰ֮˵Զֺ˲֪㳣Ӻ

ԻΪҲТܣ÷ߣӣ÷ϣߣδ֮Ҳ񱾣ТҲߣΪ֮룡

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Ȼ֮ǰıȽãʵҪȥпܴﲻĿ꣬пֲܻõĽ
滻һ֪ҪԼǰͻȻðһˣ˵ԼŮſڱտڽˣôģֻµһͷƭӡڶͷĿĲ϶̺Ŀġġͷǣ˲š
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һλѧѧֵⷢҴߣңǴΪ˵Ĵķҵѧ飬йأ˵ƺѾ뵽һַڡ󲿷嶼ڽУ¹ϵشԣҳɣһʱǰ
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ǻۣϾ뵽УĿȣ͵һʱڡԶƽʱҪࡣ
ǲҲḶΪʹĴۡ⸽ңΧ󷨡ڵȻͣͬ񱩵ģһǵĽ䣬϶ǳ׿񱩣񹥻ƻʱ֮ϡ
пڲһ䣬ƽ˵
ˣѧԶûһ죬ԺҲһʧأΪһһϦڱǿͬڱǿңѧеѾ뵽Ϊص״̬
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һ㣬ǾԲġ
˭
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ҽУɽȣҵѧ֮ϲƽ˵


573 ̹Ȼ
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еĽܣʱһ˿ɡоϤԲǵһǰ϶ʲôطңӡΪ̡
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мѾ²⵽ԼݣҲû󷽷ľͳˣϾڲ˵Ժ綼֪á
ʲô־ȻһǳصĳңͳĽ﷽Բǧ˿ڡǰ൱һ
ֺҲ̲סһ
ǰǧ˿ڣǾȫԳˡ
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һ㣬ɲ𾪣벻ǣӦǧ֮òŶԣȻԷգȻԲ֮ǰ˵ɽȵԭ
ԭ׳ԳݣУ⣬ǾĿĶǰԤѾ֪ѧרΪ˶
Ϊ壬ϾͲκ˲ڳΪʿĲΪΪĿܶ飬ֻҪһ룬ס
һλλȨصĳôûܵҰεҪôΪǼֱǶǻ۵һ衣
֮ǰҲ֪ѧֻǵõϢɽУԺǰûʵȻ˵еʵѾһЩ飬磬ԺеѧӾȳȥƽ˵
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˲˵ȻڹٳһֱܵĿܡʷϣг˹ġôѵǿƹٳϵڳп֮ġ
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ٳĹĶȻٲˣʣƳУڶԣǲڣǴѿ֮У񣬲ڲȨʱǣҪģͨ˳ԼеһάһĽڡ
飬ǾԲġ
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ڹŴǲġ
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֪ʲô취ܹѧѧҪ֪ѧеѾ֮࣬ɽǱΧˮйͨ󷨣⣬뿪ǲ󣬾ǧҲѹߡ
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пܣȻѧѧӳˡʵǣҲû취롣
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׳ߺ󡣡߿Уѯʵʵĳ̶ֳϣѾǼΪ϶
ߺԸ񣬾ȻֱӴŭɲһͨ顣ǰûзΨһĿܣǵߺ󡣶ңʲôҪȻߺ󲻿ܱ˵ıŭ
֮ǰɽʱСߺ棬һЩ飬ֻ¡ߺҪʦġ
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ߣʲôЩҲɱѧǾ԰ȫġκ塣
ߺǾŮҪ֪ߺ󣬿û˻᲻ģҼŮУǵһľŮϧϧֻҪһ뵽ߣĶǱġ
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ҲǴӸ˳ѧſλȥ
һɫ䲢ûо¡
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Ǹǻǻ㲻ȻҲûõĵ
ҲǰһٳɣԵģʼնҪԡߺΣ֮ǰռ˱ˣҲ⡣飬ûʲôŤġ
һµĲʱ
ÿһᶨ
ʱѾ»صѧλá
ϸȥȻԿѧ֮⣬УĽѧΧ档


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Щ˵ࡣ
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˿̶ѧͺһںڰеĶһ㣬˴ĿġҪѧеͶĿ⳹ϰˣֻҲᱻŵùǺ
ǰ棬ȻԿһɫװߺɫ纮㣬ŵģȻһĹǱޡɫı䣬˿ڸǲסľɫա
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ǲһСѣֻҪ˽ңҿѧǧ뿪ңԲ;ʩӶ֣ڻҰУȫԼұ֤׷ɱ
ߺٴ˵
ߣߺҪǡһѡ˽ȥԺѧУʲôĿԡĶ˶ɢɢɳ빥ѧͿ׾١Եļıҵĵ˵Ķԣˣ򲻿ܡݼ̹һӦ
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һһ䣬УһּᶨƵơ˰ŷ
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ѧУǰֻܶͨϰգҲʼʶ֣ңѡӰټңõУʼһ˼ת֮ǰ֪Ҫ϶ٱ¡˭ɵӣߺıŷǰҪмƣ̫޴
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ҲҪѧеѧӣΣգпֵܳᣬɵĻᣬֳʲôף񣬲ûʧ
ǰûг嶪ˡ
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ݼ̹⣬ңԼ̳бҴеݼ̹⡣
ԺȻȻĸֳǰĹݼ̹ʷءǶˣҲǾңԪ㡣壬ɽĿܳľ¼ҡ鷨ҡʫˡӢۡ
ʱڣַغغԹƻʱΣǰܣһ򣬾ڶغʮ꣬ɨƽ˶ΪŰغȷغյƲȫڱɹŲڷʮ꣬˱İȫ
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ǣл֪һǿĽ죬ҲһܳıרҺ;¹̼ң졢˸ֻĴСսսʹˮ·װڵˣдԵڳ޽ĵ̨ɹ˿أǼɫľ¹̡
ӳɫѷɫݼҾԣǶǿı֮һλ֮ߣҾѷɫҾѷɫ
ȻѧȻݼ̹˲Ŷܻ۹ңõУһ֮ܣ϶ӳɫ
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һ㣬ҲңܹڻҰдڵһ̡
»ɽǾǸɫж˵ÿ춼ŮǰǼΪ˵е»ɽ֮צ˵ľζͶ˵һλŮӡ治Ǹ
ǲ޵˵
ڰ»ɽܶ˶֪ǿǧ
Ұʷأ»ɽ¡ĺ󹬺͹˽죬±¡ף˸ֵǰ˫黤ϣŮЧ£
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䱾ҲǼΪɫ
ˣңУȴķˮ𡣲ò˵һ컯
ңʮգֻһټ׾вرᳬңѾߡֻҪٵһѻ𣬾ܹеŭ𳹵ױʮͬʱңѹסġвƽ£ƽҳʤΪ°ƽڡֺ࣬
ΧмӣȻǳʤ
ʤ³ɽָɢˡֻܴһˣڻҰĴˣ;УָΣգŵˣֻʣ²ǧˣŵִңǡ
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Ƿ֣ңǳȻǸɫʱУϵѡòѵŮ䵱Ůȴֻȥһ֮УѾǵѡ㣬ŪĸʵѡŮһ
ѾŪĳԹصС
һϾóʤ˻ᡣ
˲бĳͲӦôڣҪƷռңǣԼ˸ʮΪչԻ൱ˡ
ֻҪܰеİƷбɫĳһջʮյġʱȻλȹ̡ҪʲôԱˮ硣
ӵԼĻҵװĻʵ̫ѵˡ
ãѡУУҾɢϢóаնңĲǿҡȴĶʱǷʱ
ʤͷ˵
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α壬Щ飬Ѿ졣
ңѾпõˣЩԼһңеˣõİ֡ԼֻҪںƶͿһ塣

ҹУңڣ޴ĳСԸֲϽ죬ʮݻ԰ɽȵȣʮ
˿̣һݻС
ֻ洫
ϸȥ
ֻУռ൱޴Ŀǣ棬һżΪ޴ĴⴲһĴ󡣶Ǵ˸о𾪡ɲʮһ滹κӵĴ󴲡
һ̣ܿڴϡ˵߰˸Ů
ЩŮм䣬һӡ
ô˵Щƫ֣һӡ
˿һŮм䣬֮ɫ۾Ц˵ĩպðĩã˶ˣȴߡֹŴã˿檡ǿ߿ӵ֮ŮòĲƸ
ҲǴ˵еČ˿Ϯɡ˿ôǰִȷʵǌ˿ֻ֪ϷС˵ڵʱǸ˿ҪǮûǮҪûҲΪլڼеԵʣַŮѶҲֻܿAƬ뵽н졣
Ҿ͌˿ô˿Ҳܻúܺá˭ܸұȡ䡷ȻϲôֻҪܱǿܣĶǴҪġȥҪġҪΪ˿ԡ
૵
ɫ䣬һ˿˿̬
Ϣˡ
ʱ⴫һ
㱨
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ƿһŮŮ˽ڷеĻ棬ƺһ㶼⡣ѾϰΪˡ
Ȼ˽վǰ
Ϣôô£˵ʲô˳ıӵȻҰ׼ԣҪ߸ңͳΡǴҪ췴ô
ЦЦ˵
Ѿ¶һĨɭĺ⡣
˻رȷʵһ˲֣׼ҪڳзңƷͳΡϢΪ׵˽ʤ
Ůٿ˵
ʤʤ㣿ǡ
һ¶һ֮ɫ
һֿʷ˵ľȣɫͱüΪѿҧгݵʤ㣬ܵңĵ̣ҵķҵô췴ʦү
ҲͷʹҪǴ˵еǸˣǿɾͲʲôЦ顣


587 һ
ʤ㣬˲֪
Ǵ˵еˣǾ췴ı档ũʦүһֱֺӾԭʼҰġֱ޷ƻӰᴩʷ
˵ʵڣ޵ĸо
췴ıôܵĵⲻǺ
йעǣκεϢһ㱨Ҫҵķ췴ʦүҲҪǸѹˡ
ٿ˵
ǣ
ŮϾ͹ĴӦ
ʤǰɣҾǌ˿ҵķҾ֪˿Ҫ˿Լ¡¶ݺݵɫ
ɲڵõƻ
˭ҪƻҲٺúûȥ

ҹУңҲƻȻܸƳǵȣںڰУͬʮĿ׾ܿΪԵĿ֮һ
һ˵ܶڻҰеĴկϣƻ𣬾ҹһЩµ޹մΣաܶկǻںҹеġܶҲǱƻġԣһ㲻ǱҪҹƻܲãͲá
ʲôطƳǵǿʵ
ңȴʵܹҹƻ𣬲»̫ĳ
ƣ
д߿Х
Ƴգóеİʶĳտһۡ
ݡҲ֪ʲô񡣡
а˵
ϵľ޴ݣİѾüֲˣӸտʼľ£սľѾϰΪˡ̧ۿ˿ֻǣںҹУи
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ɫô
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УȻһˡ
ǴﷵƳǡڰҲңǡ
ҹƻĿҪܡ
öˣӣǳغܷӦò¶ʮˡŷɵͷ˵ɨ·¶һ˿ȤĿ⡣
ĳУӣĻԺлᣬ취ϵпܣ뵽Ƴǵ¡
׵ͷʱ򿴵Ӵۼأһ׵顣
ûжֱӴл
ƣ
ҹУ̫Σգ֪ѡںҹԡ
ݳȻ򣬸ȿͱЩɱȥ˺ƬɱУŷҲóһ滭עֲڻҰһľۼأկ򡣻Ĳ䡣
ڻƵͼ
һɣԺ󣬾һֵּ鱨
ʱȻš
һ·зУٶٿ죬ִƳʱѾɫʱ̡ٿҪִʱпһ۾ɷ֮ǰɽ壬ץʱѵ̵󣬾Ϳ齨ĿʱǾеĹǸɣ졣ҪҸеʧ
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ĴӦ
һ֣нȫԱ߲ǰλöȥ
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ѪϵĽʿеӰܶཫʿ̧ܵϾһϳǵݡ
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󣬾ͷ֣վڽǱϵеˣеĿʱÿ
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¹ӢպþڳУҲһϵڿֻǵӰԼһ˿ʧ
һ֮Գôֶܿ顣ߣȥ㳡
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Ⱥľۼһ
ͽڽ̸ҪȥʲôҲڽ̸ţҪʲô
ЩĿùϣºһĿȻȻĻ۹
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ȫߣǹȥ
ڿռ䣬Ϣѧˣֱеĺ˯ѣҵһ۾Ϳ޴Ŀռٴο
ݼ̹⿪³һ仰ȵһ̤˽ȥ
ˢ
ǰâһ£ѾƳУ̤һɲǣʱƳеĸ־ֱӳǰ
öˣһôöཨøߵĽ÷ĳСˣϣȰδ㽣ǰûмġѵƳǡ
ݼ̹ĿɨӣͿƳѾʼֵľǰɢϢĸܵиķ
Ѿ²⣬пܾƳǣ־ǰԭУһĲͬһ־òϵı仯
ȫͬ
ʲôطôһУڻعô
ôʲô㳡棬Ľֱһһ㸫֮ûУ컯컯īҵӿΧĽǲؾͨ챦۾ʼŹ⣬޲˵ȥ
УȵĿ⣬ܿеļ
öˣôĳУΪʲôûпǽųʵ̫ˡһ۶ͷôܣǻع鵽ôָоֱ̫ˡ
ŵӵζ㣬ҸҴģ϶ӣң޵İڡ֪жûŵôӡ
ƳǣƳ𣬲Ǵ徹Ȼڡֱǲ˼顣
һѧ˲ϵĴӿռ̤
һ̤ǰ󣬳ǣһ¸оϢĸд
־Υĸоú̲ܶסҪޡ
һɲǼ䣬вԾľͶǰвȻͬĸ顣
˶ԼһۿĶܻһĪС˻ǶһģոճСԵһۿ˲׽СҲ۾ĵһӰ׽ڷõ£»ع硣һۿĳУжͬѰĵλ
ĿãҲǰԵͷҪġ


588 Ůط
һʼѴѧеѧʱѾʼ׼ûнŲƵĵطͽǽӴĻᣬٶȷƳǣƳнͷų뿪ѧĵһУƳǡ
Ӵ磬ǴƳǶʼ
ֶص黳˭ǲĥӡ
㲻ȫ£뿪Ҳһӡ󡣲ô׬⡣͸һۿһֻҪܻᱳѡ
ÿ˳һۿĸףжĸ׵ĽͬУѪУĥ
ܶ˱Ѿ׼ٴεִʱпԵǼΪƵľ󣬿ǲƵĽ²İգԲůϾǿƬѾԵĸı䡣
ںϣǧͬʱƬС干档
ң⵱УǾΪһ֡
ˮ֮У⼸ȫΧе¡
ѧеѧӣϾʱΪ⣬УյóĽУȻ޷Ľѡ
ջΪ޵Ѫʳ
ཫԭȵʳϵ䵽ײ㡣УҴˣ˵ǧһ򲻴һĵز
ңҡ
ҪվȽŸµһһϦġ
ô¡
õĳУƽĽֵ
ϢİգѾСԼƷ㡣ŵ㡣ϢѾһûиܵˡ
֪ģܶҪ޵ĸо
׳Ƴôǲ˼飬ҸоǰǶǶҪȻ˴󣬶ңӵеİգǵ۶һôࡣ˵ôΪʲôҸо˷ʢ˸оЩ±ơ
˼飬Ȼڶ̶һʱУ˾˵һųǣЩδؿ
ҪпһƬ֮ءϣ֮
һѧѧӣˣвӿֳͷ
ǰĻ棬ĳʵ̫ˣ󵽳׵߸ԭȵӡ
ǲ˼飬û뵽׳Ȼǿһ㣬˭ģǴ޵У˵Ļ½һƬҵ˲á
ֺ߳ռţǾ̾Ŀܡ
һУλðһ
ܶණǰͲܿġ
ƳôȻûƭңң֮ǰ˵ĻҪáǰĵ۶Ҳû󡣡
̤ռţɨܣ¶һĨԵ֮ɫ
ڴȴʼû뵽˴ľϲ
ǲãʵ̫ã̫ˡ
޷ŵĵز
֣ɻǵûĳ
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֮ǰѾп֪ѧҪ棬룬ûмһʱƻеļƻ
ڿȻǵһʱӦ
֣㡣Ҳ
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Ҫ֪ǰ֮䱾ǹʽ໥֮䣬ǾסڲͬҲϡ˴˼䣬νǽҪȻƳʱΪ
ҲͶڳ£ֻҿԴû뵽ǾȻط꣬һ£ڼѾƣϲȵĶſƣǾſǰĶſơʱǲ顣
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ſĶſơѵſǰȻҲƳǡ
ֻ۾һ¾ᶼ̲סʼ䶯оһǿҵĿſưǾмƷղصһ̳ǶſģǺ˰վƷģζҲѾĵز
ҪǶſĶſƣζֽﵽεȵزֻҪһ룬߾͸оڲϵķڳҺоƳҪ췴
Ҫﵽ޷Ƶĵز
ڶڳĳУרƣһſѾ¯ˣ˵ѾʼоſľƣȻﲻĵزȴ֮ǰҪζʵǲɶõңߣҪȵͨ˵治ס
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ȻңѼҲѾϲΪƳеĳˡڳУǱܰհڣֶŮǳеĹǡǣѼͳ֮ĸܺáڻǽλɺѼӦѾҪˡ
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ΪеΪƥ䣬˵һӣԳƵĸµĵ䷶Ƿʲôش顣
ƾִӻУ΢ĩһ·߹֣λ;Բɺ
٣Ƴǲñռݲλá
𣡣
ʱֻڹϣһĺڻУȻԿ˼κֱӾϿٱзһ⡣
֮ǰһֱվڳУŴӿռУһѧ˲߳ԴˣȻǸеϲƳǣ̫Ҫ˲ˣ㲻ȫ£Ҳٿһֻ֡ҪһּƳǣǶڽķչ޷档
̤һɲǡѪеɶ˲ˡ漴ǿϲӿ֡붼룬һ㳡зı

תͷϣĿڲϣһ۾ϳڲ촽ڶ
޷ݵϲ糱ˮϯġ
Ĵϲ¡
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ҹ
ʱ
֪˵ľǾñطꡣ֮УĸŮˣȻطһ죬ϲãκ鶼Ҫĸǿҡطļʣʵ̫ˣ͵пǧ֮һ
ҲǼʵͣŸֳ˿̵


Ůһ𡣲еˮ৵һ¾͵
һĻһĿɿڴѧеѧӣһж¶ף֮ɫҲһȡ˭¼еһŮʷŮӡ
һ̣ƳеİҲʼӦŲϳ֣վڹ㳡еѧѧӣ¶֮ɫ


589 ʷ
ǳ˵ĸףǲеĴߣ찡Ĵ壬ڻʷϣִÿʱ࣬κһλǲѧţѧʶḻǻŵıأܵ˾أ
ǲ˵궭׿ƿشȨڲĴ壬Ҳ׵ҲҪʿ¶𾴣壬ǵңµѧʿ
½ϣںϣɢ˶طֱ̫꣬˼ˡ̫ѵˣ磬У첻֪£˭֪ԼɲԻԷѾˣڻҰУ޹壬ÿʱÿ̶Σաܻż棬ֱ漣
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ܸоЩͻȻѧӣƳǵķչȻ˵ı仯
޷ġ
壡
пں
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ڳлûпеķݰЩѧӡпѯʵ
ģԤһסû˾סȫʱǰڡģԺ˵ϵ˵
ǵʱȥпܣԸȵǼǻ켮ˣǽһƳеı仯
еͷֱӷԸ
ЩѾƳһ˿Ҫģǽݹг׵ȷƳж飬˳µɡ
ʱҲסϵļȴڸǲסġ
ٴοʱߵĿһ˿ŮĿ⣬̬뷨ڸϷת䡣
мˣûо˵ͬѼһ𣬻¡
еҲŲʽһݼ
ǶԳ𾴡
Щںϵ£̫δ֪˭֪֮ǷܹطꡣѵһӼңѼ֮ҪһӲסⲻǺû
΢Ц˵
ڿеĿҲԽԽ⡣

ܹڶ̶ʱڣֱӴ޵У˺ƴĳУǹһȦΪƹǧյİŮǴŵҲȴƫƫײԼУʣԼʲôġ
һ㣬ߴڴЦڿϲ
ǿŮģһ㶼ûлĲĵģ͸ӵ⡣
ʵŮѡ
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ȻŮҪһҵģôҪһѣ̫ŮȻֻһŮˡţϱǿ¡Ϊ滹ԭߵŮ˾Բ٣Ҫûкܣλ»ܵв
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ڷֱط꣬иҪΪЩʲôĳ嶯
Բ룬ȴܲ롣
УҴؽѧƳؽ
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Ц֣ǰһųȥ
Ƴ壬ڼҲǰ
ںԺУ޴ͤС
жλҲߡ
ƳҲϡ
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Ѿǰȥ׼ʳ
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ˡֱԣѧҪΪҪģѧƳǶһ޶ѧѧһʮٸѧ룬ַ϶ֹһõ£˭ʸѧˣ罨һһ޶ѧֲͬʿһ
ڼͻȻ˵
ѧʷеĵλȻҪޱȣأÿһټʿУһʥذĴڡĿУųߵĵλɶҡ
½ѧѾѳɸַ
ֻҪõַʵѾʸѧһ㣬߾ôġ
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һ㣬˼
οиʰ̳ۡǰ˵ĵ·
˵ܼ̳У߳һµĵ·
ѧ֮δֻµ·øһЩѧͷͿһѧˡҡҡͷ˵
ƣҪǷǾʵ̫ϧˡ
ϧȻѧ֣δؾͲܽѧӰοѧӰӦйءֻҪƳ㹻ǿȻѧҪ뷢չеôѣѧͬǴ޵Уһġ˿ԣƳȻҲԡ
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ͬ˵Ȼѧλߡ磬һжµĿʼǿԽһԺյλܹԽѧʱ򣬿ѧˣؽǧţʰۡڼ˵
ǧţ
仰һʱ¶һ˿ݡ
Ҫ֪Ըһ㣬ˣоκεźؽѧвСɱϾ޷ǧš
ѧǳԽѧԺѧ֪ǾԱѧĤݾ
ⲻҪʰʷҪʷ
һɲǼ䣬仰͸ħһĵסĥ
֪ҪʲôԺ
һٴοѯʵ
Ѿб¶һ˿Ȥ
ΪҲоҪôδûгɹĻᡣ
׼һȫµԺԺͬѧһɸַԺɰټ˼룬пʽּһ˼ĵѧ˵ѧԺдϣִսʱڵģҲҪ䡣ټҲ棬ʵ˼ɣѧɡ۸ǻۣײͬǻۻ𻨡ƶµĽ̡
иֳһĹʣȻ˵


590 ѧ
ǰټҿѧаգͬѧ磬ƷҩȵȣԳΪѧһ֣ѧڽԺɵӡмգȡһ֮˵ɰٻšֹʱټʢ
һ˵
ɫһǿҵΡ
Ҫչ벻֪ʶĽټѧ˵ľǰҪĸҪõֳʳõĿðܼĿգԣũҡ
ϣ԰ٲʹҽҡ
սʱ֣ǿҪӪݺҡ
ңҪȣԷιðհҵ˷ҡ
ټҵĳ֣µ
ͬѾеʱҪѧǾֻԼģȻҪԼһҪաЩգøǿԴƸԱһıֶΣǿ̡
Ҫµѧ˲ŵһʥأ´
Ҫѧһŵ㣬Ҫ죬ãǿѧƳǵ˲ġһ죬ӽ󣬶Ϊ˲ŶԶԶϵĻȡ˲š
Ҫġ
뷨пΪգÿһŶĪ⡣£Ų˼ΰ뵽ѧУؽΪһɫѧԶܽЩգƹ㴫ȥģƳµİա
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Ҫһ㣬ǱؽΪһŵѧΪѧӣʿеʥء
ˣǽѧؽΪǧĿеһʥءɸ˲ŵģױȵ档ڼΪѧңҪԽԽáһ챦ΪѧĸȻԸõ˲ŵļ롣ָߡ
ڼ󣬻˵
ҪѧȻܲʣһĽֱ֮ȻҪĪѧ˵ЩڽԺ˵Ҫϲȵȡˣϣѧ챦ɡ
ֻǣ챦Ҳ֪ǿġ
챦ڶ࣬޷óòûа
ÿһ쳣
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ֻһӶټ׵ټ׾ٳ֣չսġһĿĿ㳡С
ţͿ󺺣̧һݻޱȵΣڽУȻԿǱ棬ԱߣżϵѡŮԱߣʱժȡһöͽС
ѩ׵ָڿУ˱һ¡Ů¶֮ɫ
ʤĿ⣬һ˿졣
Ǵ˵췴ı档ʦү췴ˡȻ췴ԼļС
̣̰
ңϢ©ˡ
ʤʱжʱһ⣬оһ˿ԡ
ңȻ֪Լ֣ң֪Ҫ췴ڵ׼͵һҪ׼ټ׾ôܵһʱ͵ִ
λֵǣңҲûѹͷֺʤ¶һĨᶨϣʲôǰֻǰûκ·ԡ
ҪôҪô
֮⣬޿ܡ
ֻҪɱңһжת
ߣʤ˵Ҳб㣬ңеʮգ˭˭ɱＤսӳаհΣ
ֱӱָʤŭ˵˭ŪʳгкȡңҡЩȫġ˵ҾǵľˡǾôԴԼĸôȻͱ
ɫ䣬һʹĪı顣Ļڷ
֮ǲ֮ҲҪʲôӴңֻΪԼõ֡õѡŮΪ¯϶˫֮ЩŮӣǱġ
ʤе
ߣ˵֣Ӧõġʸȥ֡Ϊһ֮ʲôɲȥܡ˵Ů˵ɲͲɲ˵¯¯ڰ˵ĻѵһġҪЩŮ𡣽ۿһ
Ц˵
¼䣬ͻȻһ֡
ˢ
ܣ׵ĸֳһƬŮӣһСұ񣬿ǧһ
ŮҵŮ
ҲˣҵŮ֮ǰǽ뵽УʧġʲôѶûУû뵽
̫ˣŮһΪҵĺŮˡѵǶֳˡûкŮ
в˷һȺŹ㳡г˽ȥЩȥģŮ㳡ŮѪˡһȥȥԼŮֵӵһ
ֻǣûע⵽ЩŮӵУƺû̫飬۵͸¶һĮһ㣬Ůİȴûκβ
ȻûԣΪʲôҸоЩԾ
ʤЩŮӵĳ֣϶ʱ䣬Ҳһ֡ڣѾԳŶԼķת䡣̣ңӶŮ޶ȡңЩŮȻа취аյĳŭ
ڣĽڱơ
ͻᳯԼת䡣
ôûж
ʤǵĳųɨӼ֮ۡǰѾźڸҪλãֻҪʱһϾͿҡעλã֮ǰõжһ㶼ûʵ֡ȷҪĶһûзԲԾ
ڵЩ𷢳ѶôĻͲټȥˡЩˣͱҸˡûģҲһ
Ǳ¶һĨЦȻ˵
״Ƴʤһл롣
ɱ
ʤ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ϊ֮ƣõİ취ɱɱһжת
ָϵ£ʤûκγɣеһƥնȥһܸܵ缲٣硣
ս絶
һŵʱеõĵսȻƷֻǻƽƷȴĻᡣŵصǼ磬硣׼ףٶʤٶԽ죬Խﵽ£ԷôĶ֪
һʮͻȻ
ȻȻѾ׼ֽ͵Ϯһ㶼ûоȡйâһȻһ׹ȣâ˸䣬㳡ϵŮƾʧ

׹һչȻԿϣֳŮǧ˰̬ս£һ͵дȻȻĽսסǳһŲƿּ䣬һȡ
ˢ
һֱӽʤװڡ
ƺ޿ײ룬˲ʤڡ
ʲôΪʲôȫû¶ñɣ޳ܡ
ʤɫ䣬ֻоһƾʧȫһڵϡ
꣡
һʿֱǰһնͷ­


295 ʤ֮
ȫ£ʲôʹϣӦٶȸǱԭȲ֪ҪٻٱųնȥһѪⱻƿСʤԴնϡ
ڵϹ£Ʊ硣
һ˫۾ɵϴĶϣܿŭ
ߣҸԣ³
ųʤͷ­¶һ˿֮ɫʤ췴ʦүô˵ķܣԼķǾǲСɱˣԺ϶Ϊĸ󻼡
˭֪췴ʦүչ¶ʲôֶΡ
֮˵ɲ翵ġ
ǌ˿ڱһ֮λȨأһŌ˿֮ġ˿ϮǺεȾ컯ӌ˿ǿߣԲٴαɌ˿Ϊһ㣬˭ֻҪƣҿȨҪƷ˿ķ
˿Ϯ˿ϮԼ
ʤѾˣҪҪֱӶ࣬ȥι
նɱʤģһϵĺ֮ɫԲʲôƲ硣
ãȻҪ췴ûгɹңοʤʷϵˣô˵Ҳ췴ı棬ũʦүһҺֺˣȻвˣôҲҪһء
дһ˿꣬˵Щյġһʷ˾ôԼУҲ޵ĸпԭҲɱʷ˵Č˿ˡ
һҪÌ˿޵У
˵ôô
»ɽԥĴӦ
һޱĵģ
ʤͷ­·һڹײģ͵ҰУҲԵݡ
˼һ£
ãô
»ɽԥĴӦ
ּ䣬Ѿǰʼʤʬ塣
еĶңûгʤΪͷߵ£ûвΣ׾ѹȥаҲΪԼŮԭȵŮû̬׷׷ת䡣ûиһ𱩶
ʤԭȵĲ£ƺ󲿷ֶϴ
ҹС̧һڱƤײҰ⣬ٶȽײںõĹѨСһһĹ
Ĺдšʤ֮Ĺ
췴δ죬
Ĺ־ܼ򵥣ȴ͸¶һֱζ
Щ󣬼ѸȥҰвȫ
˭֪һ̣᲻޴Ӻڰɱ
ʱ޿̶ԺлصѶϢںҹУڻҰ
Щ˵ȥҰٴλָžֻǶһذˡ
ڹȥʱ
ͻȻ䣬֪ðһˣǰϸּƷһʹ顣
´簡ôˣңʵ̫ɶˡȻ壬ڵǣҪǻ飬ԣʱı⣬ҲҪˡ
ǰû뵽ң˵ıɣȻᰵ塣Գ´¶ʵǱ޳ܵСˡ´ģԺǿһɱңΪ´㱨ġ
׼ȥ磬϶Ϊ´㱨ģ뱣һ·Ͽ˳ƽֺ
һڷǰͷĵ
꣡
ʱͻȻ䣬һ׵Ĵ˳ںҹУʮͻ˵һ˿˿־ľšʲô󷢳
ʲôûС
ˣʲô
ڰУȻңеټ׾ɱϾǳУ˭֪ʲôı仯ɱ˻и࣬ɱġ޷ܵٶʵ̫ˡ
ЩѾһ˿⡣
ҹڻҰУȻһʲôõľ
ʱпܲв

ͻȻ䣬ֻǰķذȻʼһ˿˿߷ֿ
ԣǷڣĶ
쿴ذϵڷѵǡ´թʬˡ
Ⱥ˵Ŀڷذϣֹסĸֳһ˿˿Ŀ־塣
ֿ־ʮǿҡ
ˢ
仯Уһ㷢
Կһֱֻ͵Ĵ˳ǻ棬ޱˣԽ˻
ţһٴӷĹ˳
´磬ʬˡ
Ⱥ¶־壬Ӱ̲ס඼Ҫֹͣ
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ʤվվڷذϣĿ⣬˵ɣûɢ³һ
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Ǿȵѯʵɫ仹Ǵһ˿¡
ǰ֮ǰ´Դǰ»ɽһԴˣܻ𡣡뵽֮ǰĻ棬ڲ
ǰܶ˶֪ʤǱն׶ġԴԶѪһءôôоЩ˼顣
ңҳʤǲģնͷ­Ҳ»Ҿǲ֮ҵδɣǾԲȥġ
ʤ¶֮ɫλֵܣֺҳʤͲţЩӣһеͨաѵûа취ǵδѵġǹˣˣҲģҾԲЩעġ
䣬һԵļ߿
´˵ĶԣǲӦñʹūֻۣܹһûһٵĿӡ´в֮飬´磬˵ɣҪô죬ȫġ
ʤĲ֮ʵ̫𺳡
ЩУһ飬ôɱɱֻҪǾһлᣬлԳΪˡ
ʤȺ鼤ܵˣԵͷĿð
в֮ȷʵġ
ҪԴ·¾в֮ûãˡ
뵽ԼĹٽٲؤеõŹһֱƴޣݹŹһĲ񹦡
ӵв֮
ؼǣ١ֻо٣Ϊ춯صɱ䡣ΪʵŹֲĵط
ÿһΣΪʵᷢ˵ɱ䡣
һΣͻøǿ
֮ǰʤҳ֮ңݹ˵ԼɱֻΪѶ٣
Ĺͼǲݡ
ֹΪ͵ʱ򣬾ԲܱնףһԴûˣǾʲôûˣʱ͸еû뵽Ȼյ˽ͷӻȥžյ¸
һӣ֮ǰĵۣһ˿ۼûСѾָ
ٽٲӽҾǲֻ֮ҪʬΣնףնҪصƶɱҡһΣȻǾ
ʤаӿֳһͷ
֪ͨŵĵֱ֣ڲͬʱ뿪ңǣңܹ죬ܳ¡Ҳֻ˷ʱ䡣ˣҪ˭нϢֻҪнǾͿֽһկÿɫ
ʤٷԸ


296 аӰ
Ҳ֪ʲôУ󲿷ֻҪõʹˣңУǽģֱԭȹųǵĻϽɡ
ǰ٣һЩϢҲǲ׽Ӱ󲿷ֶǼϢ
ҪܽկȻѡ񵽴ˣͨĴկûжôýĴկ޾Ǳĸ
ǣʤǺûеõ˺ܾãʼնûҵϢ
֪һЩϢģ磬챦ǰġЩ䵽У䵽УҲ䵽ҰУܲҵһ޴⡣
һңǣʤ֪ûʲôϣˣһȥ˷Լ»ἤǿҵɱģǸʱ˾;Բ·ʬ塣
δиĻᡣ

ڰڸһУ˵ʤ״ʧܣòѡȥ
˵ʤ׼뿪
ȴ˵ƳС
ڣУٴνչС
龭ͻȻ䣬ͬѰС
˵Ǵ򿪱˼룬вӿ֡
гһ
Ժڷת
龭ʮ־ޣҲָܷȫԽͬĶ档磬ڰǡӰӡ
˵Ϊʵڣ˵ӰӣΪбڵӰΪ顣˿ûӰӣݼأûӰӵˣһͻƳһ㣬ﵽ˼ΣӰ֣ͳ֣ڣǲڣâӰ첻һǹΪļ塣ȻûӰӡ
ܴӡ龭ָӰӵطΪʲôԽӰӼɷڶԪ񡣡
ǵãڻӰһӰǽӰǳôڣֻһ㣬ȴԿӰȫԳΪһ
аʵԳΪڶԪؼļ֮նԪʵ򣬶־һˣԴֲֻȱδһ¡Ӱӣһ֣ʵһ档ԼʲôӰʲô
ӰӾһҡӰӣںа֮а֮ȥʵԪһģȱٵֻ־ֻҪ־˵ԳΪһֶһ޶ϷڶҡĻ
Ժиз֣ײ£γǻ۵Ļ𻨡
龭е뵽ӰӷһϵӵǿġԼҪģԲӰ֮
ݴ֪Ӱ֮ɴʩһ壬ƽָÿͨķķӰӰ֮˵ǺһʵͨķͬǣַʵģܹӦڸϣ˹ͻʧ
ڲҲһһȵȣ뵽УδؾʹڣʵҲʧվһģԪʵֻǽзͬѡ
ӰӰӷһַΪɱֶζѣڸϣõģʵʱһͻɢΪСֻĴͨҪġۣȴԽһ
ڷ鼮
龭ĸֹϣҵС
ҪģȷǷСǿУնӰӡӰӷ룬ʮַ顣һԣǲ
Ӱӿ˵һ֣ȴҲޣڵġ
ڡ龭Уָط鵶һȥָһնȥͻ롣һһľ裬־־ָҽַָֱ滻ɷָӰӵǲǾͿնӰӡԼնһ
൱µһ֮Ԫ֮Уﲻ棬һ졣һٵء
컯һ֮䡣
Ҳһʮֹط
һնȥ˭ұ֤ԼܻţпܣôˣĪɱˣУкܶţնôһȻʲô˵ֱӡˣ
һ̫ˡ
һͺǻ֮пٵأǡնƻ磬ֳ
忴һ壬һƬ磬һȥһָ
оųɵĿܣԼɱԼ
УŹڴҲ֮߸󡣳Ϊһ֮ײģΪ·ſҶŹϡ
ʮ棬пֻܻһ
ǸӣԶž޿ӣ
ΣҲ£棬ҪնҪնģʵԼӰӣĻΣճ̶ȣ͡ǣնԼӰӣһ⡣
Уÿݱµڿռ䣬һοٵصḶ́翪٣ػḶ́ѾʮΡÿһεĸȫ뵽һطСԼط뵽УΪеһ
ʮĿû翪ٵḶ́һʿеľЩ׵ĻΪĲƸΪĵ̡
Ҳţܴٽݾ߳µĵ·ԭ
Ժвݣ־˸
ǻ۵Ļڱ䡣
ԡ龭ΪϵԼĶ֪УѾԵɱ䡣
ȣõ״̬Ҫһֻ״̬֮Ϊ컯
Ҫһֳ̣Ӱӡ
նӰӣҪβӰӻһֲ걾ԴͿԵõķҪΪӰӣɻŵӰӡ
һǰ
ͬҲڲϵǻۣǰ˵ǻֹۣеľ裬һĽݱ䣬֪Уһȫµطɣһ
̣ÿһؼ㣬жһĪϲá
Ѫɢ֮⣬ǻۣǿʮֹݹ̣ø˳
֪УһŹγɡ
ȫµĹһȫµаӰڡ龭Ļϣһطһһִϲóĵס
ȫĵ̣ۣݱһȫµط
ȻҲ˵ȫԴڡ龭Ļϣܶණǽеľ壬Σճ̶ȣɺܸߡ
һȥɵĿܻ
һһļʣ֮ǰ˵Ҫ̫ࡣѾ˵һξ޴Ľ
طûЧҪ֪
һ޸ɣڰǰǣǷЧûЧͿһû飬ֻԼΪݳĹ
Լû˸ʡ
ɣնһ


597 Ӱ
컯Ԫ
һûκγɣһ䣬ѾתطԺУһƻ֮ԴԴϵĳ˿һ㣬⣬֯һ
һֻ޴Ĳϼγɡ
ֻϼ뽫ڡͬһöԲεľѡ
ͨɢɫ
ɫʡ
ɣʼա
κιߣ޷͸ȥڻУеɣȻȻһͬĸ̥е̬ţ΢˫˫ֱϥûκκȴڲ
һööصĻ˸
ԼԿЩĺȻǡеĻ绯һöö˸Ļϡ
һ̣·𳹵׽뵽ĸ嵱С
ŷ˸һɹԪ糱ˮӿС
ЩԪֱ۳Һ壬뵽У·е֣
оĻУ˯⵱Уûʱ䣬ûпռ䣬ûйâû֣֮һжһľ֮С
һ䣬ǲ׺ɣһ䣬ǧꡣ
У˯ڻ硣
УȻԿһõĳ⣬ڵǰ֣ߣһĽڵ֯
л۵Ϊһ˿˿ĵ⣬еھؼִ̺־뵶õеķâøӵƺÿʱÿ̶ɱ䣬ڱǿøǿ
Լ䣬ڵϣһɵĹâ
ʱȻţ֪ȥá
һɲǣǧꡣ
񶼴һֻجج״̬С
ˢ
֪Убպϵ˫Ȼһɲǣܿ˫У˸źڰɫ⡣۳š
ۣȻ仯ΪԲ
һΪ̫һΪ̫
һΪգһΪ
ֻǣһһףһ˲ѡ££ȻһӰӡ
Ӱ
һ֮У֮У棬ֻ۾һɲǣ⣬âһ̣Ӱ
һΪʵһΪ顣һΪһΪ

ּ䷢һϺȡ־סһڳ
ڳǸնӰ
һֻʩչһΣһ֮󣬳׻ΪУһ֮˵İԵ˵Ŀֲ
նӰǽ٣նҲնն
ʱһ˲䣬նӰûһ˿ĳɣڻУ֮޷־ãҫ˶ãһʩã֮ǰһоٶͳ׵ˡ
꣡
նӰʵһնϡ
һֻо꣬ͬ޷ʹӡһͺǽԼϵ˺ѣʹͬʱϯ
һ˸ʱͿΪģȻԿܵĻ磬Ӳ翪٣
³
һɲǼ䣬Ϊ֮
һһǣأȻֿ
Ϊģһһ³
УȻԿطֿһɲǣеĽ£Ǳ˫ŽɷָӰӣͺǱһ֮ʼӽ·롣
ַ룬ķ롣
ʮֹ죬ӰӺû㣬ȴƮ³
Щ졣
ؿʱһص컯֮Ӱ֮С
ɲǼ䣬Ƿ뿪ӰӣһӻˡȻȻɢһŨӰдݳӰ룬ÿٵ֮컯֮µټ֮ȱһɡκһûɣɲصĺ
ڣȻѾɡ
аʣ
ĿӰӷ룬ҿʼ˲䣬ûκγɣһʱӦһ䣬ںеаֱ֮˳Ӱȥ
ˢ
а֮һŴޱȵаɣӰںһ𣬼һʱ䣬ĿʼںϡǵӰ֮ҲʼۿɼٶȣѸٱ÷
˫֣˫šͷ­١
˲Ϣ䳹γɡ
ϸȥӰӵòһģһûκεĲվһ𣬾ͺվһ˫̥Ҫơ¡
ǰӰӣȻȻһ˿Ӧ
ǰӰӣһ棬ֻҪԸ⣬׵ƿءԼΪ壬ȴֿԶڡ
ˢ
֪ȥãֻٵֱӱ飬е˲ͱɡʧ
Уе壬ҲӰ֮
໥վ档
ڴ˿̣ԿӰ֮պϵȻ
ɲǣԼ䣬ܿһ˿˿аϢ˸
ȣһа
Ǳ¶һĨаЦݡ
ӰӼһǳɹˡӰ롣ƶϷǶϣź˿ټа֮ԡһˡ
Ӱ֮¶Цݣϲ˵
ãңҾ㡣ұһ档ӵҵļգͬͨӵͬɹǱһҡҪҪҸȡһ֡
пǰӰӣ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ָоǰľԼңԶᱳԼԼ֮ڶԪ񣬸ӵڸϣԱΪģֻҪԸ⣬ת
ֻҪӰ֮ٶΣҲ䡣׸Ӱ֮֮һ
Ը⣬Ȼò˼ͬƽʱҶữΪӰӣҪõֵʱ򣬲࣬ңԱ֮ƺҲ޲ɡ
ӰЦ˵
֮䣬˼ֻҪԸ⣬׾Ϳ֪˴˼ʲôΪֻҪһͷͿ֪һС
ںܶʱӰӶΪԼ
ǼʱҲױ¶ݡ
֮䣬һǿĵơ
вκ˵ĵơ
ΪУӰа֮ں϶ɣһа֣Ժͽааˡ΢󣬻˵
а֣ıԴڡ
ܺã쿪ʼҾа
Ӱ¶һ˿Цݡ
ıԴӰаֻҪؼ޾Ķа֮ͿԴԴϵΪ硣ѡȻûбĺʹӦÿϡԡ¸Ժ취ѰʹԸ⣬ؾȫţΪĶΪδزܿһʺĹ
΢˵
ԼӰ֮ޱȿء
ãа֮УһѶϢоһǰаĹаħӦòǺȱа֮Ӱ֮ںϡⲿаħΪδزܴĹ
Ӱ¶һ˿ŵЦݡ


598 ı
Ӱӵܸߣ߲壬ڲ㷨
а֮壬ںӰ֮һּؼа֮ӰӱԴĶʣҪһֵĻȫԽаӰ塣ǲ֮а֮һаǿʵ䣬ת䡣
ΪаʲµĹаħȵȹΪδؾͲܴʺϹ
ֻǣ̣ȻһλĴṇ̀ʵ̫ˡ
Ӱеʱ䣬һǻۣǸ߾Զ⣬˻ڣҪݳʺĶŹδؾͲܡҲδؾ̫¡
ãȻйУҪʺĹؾеĲ飬о޴˼׵ͷȻ֮ͨǰҲûп̽Ӱӵ˼롣
ڣԭаʲѶϢҲҪһʱȥգЩУҲ᲻
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öĻ̫и͡һʹþ綾Ƭض˻ٵ̫󣬶ң鶾ԶܲþͲá÷ըըܷͨЩв취
ҡҡͷûѡþ綾
Σ̫޴Ǿס֮أʵڲʹáûԸԼסĵطͷž綾
ҵ뵽һ취˵ʱ֡
ó˼ͻȻ˵
ʲô취
пãѯʵ
罫ͷԹͷ˵ıܣӦܿȺǵıӣųټҲܶȺһ塣
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ץϣȻȲèһʮóѪеĵˡ


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΢΢üһ֧ͷ˲Ǩƹ󣬶ͽĿڿڿЧʣԭȣǴӣȷʵڿС֡ңڿгкȣЩͷҲֵĺ⣬ԽӵŬھ̻ѹ¶κε⡣
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ҪǲȥƳǵʳҪ͵̣ˣջӣûгԵġкöԺ󶼲ʳˡ
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ػ֮֮
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603 ˴
֮һػ֮
ػʳӶȻȻһصȻ֮֮뵽ǵУǱøǿɱ͵ܵõͺ֮һڵ˺Ҫǵ˶һ޶ĵǴڵĸ
ǣ˵һʵϡ尡
ػǵΣǵֵҪֵܡ
е˵
Ҫʱ䣬Ҫʱ䣬ոʳȡݡܱ֯µĵֵܡ
ɽеĵˣϸȥ֮࣬вɽѲӡֻάڿػĳ̶ȣûпӡ
Ҫǳһ֣ɽڵĵͻ᲻㣬һʲôʣȻӦʧǵ˲ҪġҲǵĲ֡
ģѾ׼á
Ц˵
ּ䣬ȻԿһ𵾲ԴԴϵĳڿյϡڵϣ顣һۿȥͺһ֧ΪӴľǰ
תۼ䣬ʮߡ
ÿһ߶˵ʦպܾտıֽŵĳ̣ȫޱЭԶģ͸ûʲô
жŸֹߣֱȵȡ
Ʋ
Լ䣬һ֧Ӵĵ˴
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ЩֵܺƯʵĲ϶ʮּ͡ϵȵȵ󣬿϶ܳԿ͡ǵĺֵܽá
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Һ⣬͵һֱǵһʹ͵ǵ˵Ӱôĵ֣ǵ˵˿ڡõרפĳУʳ͵ɫҲԵüΪ˷ܡ
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Щĵˣż뵽ظУҲɴиܵһϲжָдʮֵǿر
Ǽ򵥵Ŀ֣ȴĿ֡Щ˺ãʲô룬רػؾͿԡԽ򵥣Խ֣Խӣ־Խˡ
аԷһп
ˣеĵȫӵˣлĵˡػ͵ҪԴӡɫϲĴɽ˳
ǵ˻Цеϲãɼ
ϲãʮִġ
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䣬ԼĴɫ˵һ顣
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λֵܣඣ
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˷׷׷ź
һ𣬿ٿռС롣ɫȻʮֿȡеĿ⣬޲ͽ͵ׯڣػʳ
һ͵ս


604 ͵ 
ʮĵ˴̤ռСн˺ڿռʱפ󣬽ɫ˶ɽµĵ˶Ҳ̤ռš
صҵݴһϲ
һĨаЦݡûκγɣһ䣬ȻȻӰУƾʧ
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ڵУȻԿУΧѾ󲿷ֵʳѾƻõģֻʣ°ꡣʵϡ١ȴǼϣյȴջʱ򣬾Բܳκӡòɹ֪´ܲܳɹ
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벻ЩˣģôһӾͻˡ˱뺷һӾͽһֻˡ
ʵǸܸܵİ
ô㲻Щôͻˡ
ãȻôൾˣˡʴмˡֱѾΪ˵İӡ
ڰУһӰһૡ
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ȻıЩĵˣôܻѵĳͨȻô࣬ʮ򡣡
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ΪֻĵˣȻĻıһ־޴вǿҵķһ¾Դһ¡
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֮һġ
ͱһ׺ݣоԼ̱ŪķȣߣΪԽŪڹ֮ôΪƿһôҸǣھԵǰʲôǻۣɱЩĵˣȫ˺Ƭ˺ƬҲ뿴κεˡ
Ǳ飬ҧгݡһ׺ͬɱһ㡣޲̻ˡ


605 ñ
սϧһеս
οЩˣҲֻۣҪһʱ䣬Ҫж٣ķԲǿЦġҪ֤ھԵʵǰһıȫõġ
ЩˣȫҪ˺Ƭ
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˶ЩɱңһЩ;Ѫͨ
ʮĪ⡣Բ׽ңΣʱᷢ򣬺׵ľת䡣൱µһֱܡ
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͵͵
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Ķ־и֡
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ֻһֻֻ˿ڵбܡ
лԴֱӳȥһȥԴ顣ЩҵķѣԽųİ׵ģɡ
һȥʮֱֻӱ˽ȥЩȥֱӱһţһһңЩȫҵ߻أȻǰҹ
ˮͰֱһͰˮͽ˳ȥˮҲ֪ʲôˮ̹ǣһˮУͱһӲĵڵϡ
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˳ȥ໥䣬ǶϡǰһŴǰ档һס١
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ͨʳֻǹɣֻҪȵһ̤죬øǿͨʳ϶Ҫѡʿԣͨʳ̺ʡȻкȴҲ档ܳʳȻò˭ͨʳ
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λֵˡһȻкϡ
УԽɫЦ˵
ػʳ͵ǵְ𡣡
ɫƽ˵
Ŀ⿴ЩɱУΪҽĵˣֻҪ䣬Ȼʯ٣Ϊ棬ԼҲյˡΪ֣ڵС
ʹ
лˣٻ
еһˣֱӳŲѧȥ
ܶնǰȥ
û뵽ʴ˿ˣƳǾȻҵôһ˹صҪʳϴĵֻ޷ҪʧܸաʴץͽΣΣֲֻܿʴ׶༪١
ĳӰУһӰ¶Ŀ⡣
ոյĻ棬Ǵͷβûп֮ǰζ޷Щ˻ô£ƳǵʵиˡҪƳǣСģСģСġ
һãûңȰԼˡ
˼˼Ѷȵ飬Ҫˣᵽĳɾ͸СԲһܸġԽѶȣԽҪ
ǵӰһ
еԾԾԣԵޱǿҡ
ɣҽ־ƳС־壬һ̿ʼ֧ˡ
ǵӰһЦţʼʧ
Ϣһ㶼û˵ע⡣

ѧ
ѧȻݳһصɫʡ
ڴ˿̣յִ
ߵߣŴ̤˽ȥ
һȻĽѧеȶԥĸ˽ȥ
ѧϢŨ˼ĲΡĻУ˼ضȪӿѧκζ°빦һǧ֮ǰѧַϢҪŨֻǣȱһ˿ʥ͵ζ
һԸѧеķΧԵͷ
ʥ֮ҪʱĳҪ˲ţʥջۣӵСţڽѧеʥͣκѧԺѷɫ
ŵ˵еһĿꡣ
ΪˣԸ
ôʱ䣬ȱʥϢǾѧȱݡ
ȷʵȻһЦŵ˵
¼䣬޳ɣּ䣬ȻԿƾճһƬֲȱĽ棬ֳɫľġ


810 ʥ ʥǽ
ʥʶ壬ڸߺʥ֮ԣܿũڸ֣бݾ棬ݺҿǹལС˵ң´̸ŽҽҽβһĻĻǰ񿴵ʢټ
ѧַ
Ȼѧˣ֮ܣֱǲ˼飬˾̾
̫ˣѧȻַֻ̺ʥͲȴ𲻻²µĺۼʥͣӵеĵ̡
Ҽǵã滹ʥ͵Ҫڲѧǲѧͳ
һ̣ĿеľԭȾѧѧӣϲѧַֻоһ޷ݵĿϲлص
һ̣еĿ⣬˵ϡ
ǶʥͣǶԼĵ
ʥͣҪߵĵ··ˣǳݣҲһּ
û뵽㾹ȻѧһˡƬַڣȷʵòѧĵΪ֮߿Ҳ¶һĨ֮ɫУԵͷ
Ƭַڣòѧٻʮϰꡣ
֮ǰҾѾнѧĴ㣬ѧַôܲߡַǲѧĵһʵ̡
Ц˵
ԿѧȻѧַž޴ĿѧȻ䱬Ũ⣬׽ַڡ
һֲ˼ı仯漴ͳǰ
ַֻУһשֱʧΪһƬƬģƾû뵽ѧСԭӡʥ;壬Ȼ뵽ѧУΪѧеһ֡
棬գϢĴݳʥ֮
ԡʥ֮УĶԵüΪıϴӡ
ѧַ뵽ѧĹ̡
һںϵĹ̡
䣡
Ȼ䡣
ѧУһȻƾճ֣ѧУϸȥȻһ롣һ֣ȻȻĸֳʥ֮ԡ
ѧʱϰ֮˵Զֺ˲֪㳣Ӻ
¹ʶ֪£Ϊʦӡ
ѧ˼裬˼ѧ
ɣŮ֪֪֮֮Ϊ֪֪֮Ϊ֪֪Ҳ
Ĭʶ֮ѧᣬ˲룬գ
֮һԶҲΪﲻﲻ⡣֮ҲҲҲҲҲҲ
Уʦɡ߶֮䲻߶֮
һʥ֮ѧлص
һ̣ÿһ䣬ֱ˵֮ϣǰѧӵˣеĵֵʥ֮ʦԺжǸϣӡԺСڤڤһеľ塣
һɲǼ䣬ϡ
Իѧʱϰ֮˵Զֺ˲֪㳣Ӻ
ʱȻƳͻȻ¶ϣиʥ֮ԡϣǣۿɼٶȷɢŨĺȻ
Щ糱ˮڡ
һ̣ɢ⡣
λϣȻֱӿࡣڲࡣ
糱ˮӿУۿɼٶȣֳһɫһööɫӣϡ
Ĳ䣬һԻҾ
һӻƳ³¼䣬ȻҾĸֻΪѪ׭֮ϡȣȻ
øӵǿ
ô£ôˡ
Ȼ඼ոҿй׭֮ϡѵϵõʥĶ͡
ǵģҶ⹦Ѫ¼к֮һϣ˵Ҫ٣Ҫģ֤ĵḶ́һ޷ģûа취ٳϣҶصϣ֮
˿Ƴؿڸֳ࣬һ¶֮ɫ
˽Ѫ¼ˣѾ²⵽ǵõ򣬿ʥ壬ֱӿϣֻǣⵤϣܲܳɹ٣һ⡣
ԻΪ
һУȻԿ仰ٴϡϵĳɫԽӵŨͬսڹĶ
Ի
֮³
һ䣬ʱͿϣҲһ̣׵Ⱦɳɫһ˸ƺ棬ƳӰo㣬С
ã
пҲɵнһá
ڡѪ¼ŹҲרŲйҪٳϣ㿪˵仰Ϳԣģģġ
һ˵ĻΥıģ֣ǲϣ𺦣Υ֮ԣ඼ѡ˺
۵ϣǾζţ֮ԣǷģԱġڣδһأ֮Ϊ׼
֮ԣȫԿ϶ǾԲᱳƳǣʲôΣյ顣ֻҪһ㣬ģʲôҪ
ȫԷһߡ
һŵۡ˲䣬ڻƳϣݳһʥͰϢһŨƳϣվǰһ塣˲ķĵ
쿴һǽǽϺбڻ
ʱ˷
ϸȥȻԿѧУĳһǽǽѧַ۶ɡ
棬һıڻֳ
пʥڽ̵ѧũڿѻҽҽβбָӾӣսݺɱһĻĻ˵˵ʤ񶼲ͶȥУλصվڿʥѧѧУʥѵʾ
ָоʮ
ÿһĻʵڣ뻭
һĳλѧлԵĻпܽʥǽʱգʥͽ컯ȻǷǱѰġܲܵõȴ˭޷֤ġ
֪УѧַеһУȫ뵽ѧУȫΪһ壬Ҫľǣʥ͵ĺۼڲѧϣѧУȻȻĶһʷĺظСʥ͵ȻϢ˱ֹ
пʥʥǽڲѧĵ̡
ʥ;ѧѧ̺һʥϢϢڣа޷ѧֱӾͻᱻѧ̺ʥϢ壬ǺȻѹơǱѩ¯֮ʵ̫ˡ
ֻһΣѧԽʡɳ̡ңʥʥǽͨƷʥʥǽԻΣλصʥͽʱ̡ĪĻԵ
һ¶ǿҵšЩڣģԸòѧɳķ
ѧнũѧԺֻҪϿɣͿԵõһƬµũҵ򡣡
ٴοӦǣſ˵


611 ѧ 
ã
ӦĿ֮ǰһϵб仯жڲѧıøӵǿҡڿʥǽϣũиֵĻ棬һεΣȻȻӿͷģѹ˫硣һΣһֱҪ縺Ρ
ϣȻӦǲѧǳǳڽգ죬ͣҪڲѧпټũҷԺںϣضңѣʳԸũѧԺΪ²ʳõʳʹ¼䣬ܱʳ˿ɰҵϣܵõӣܵͱӡӦٴμϲԡ
ӦɫأһȻ
ʵⲻ˵ģ˵ѧġ˵á˵־ġ
ϣȻӦǲѧǳǳڽգ죬ͣҪڲѧпټũҷԺںϣضңѣʳԸũѧԺΪ²ʳõʳʹ¼䣬ܱʳ˿ɰҵϣܵõӣܵͱӡӦٴμϲԡ
ڴ˿̣ƳǣƳֵķԲｮУգڵһʱ䣬Ժͬʱֳôһ
ɣӦǡ
ȴڲѧ£ȫĸÿһ˵ĶУԺУУǲӣһ̣е˼
ڤڤУоһڸǣҪҪͬ⡣ͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬ֻҪԺͿԡ
ͬ⣡
Ӧǣλ֮ǰ׵ˣҪũѧԺֱ̫ˣ̫ˡڣ϶ף߲ˡ֧֣Ҫ֧֡ũҽֱٺò
ͬΪͨˡǵǰ콷ӣҲûģ͵ļ۸ҵġ˽Ը񣬲ũ
ƳУҲһͬС
ոԺиֳģɲֻǽѧԺ飬Ӧ֮ǰĸֳɹΪȷĳԺУ˶ĸܵӦǵΪˡԸȵȡ
һ̣ûж˷󲿷ֶǱ¶ͬ
ɣ
ڲѧУڤڤеһʶΪһ𡣲ϻص
УӦֱӸоԼϺòͬһֺĸо
ˢ
ѧУȻԿƬɢšһƬǰ֪ж󣬲֪ж㡣Ƭ֡ںУһ졣
Уһϣѧʶʥ;塣
ѧǰǹͬ򣬸ֻں棬ǴƬеĵ죬ǸԵ򡣻档ƽʱ󲿷򣬶Ǳ֡ϣһ޼ʣƺ޾
ڣѧԺĵ츽һµĵ죬ƾƾճںУûκףôȻȻĳ֡
һԺ
ҲǺԺ
һѧԺһ죬һѧ˵һ죬ǲѧֻҪκһѧ˵õϿɣõѧϿɣԺУҲǰ޾ѧУᵮһ죬죬ǸѧԺӵеĶ򣬵ϵһУѧԺν裬Ҳ졣
߿ָźеĵ죬˵һڵĵ죬µĵ죬ũҵĵ졣ǿڵϣũҵʥءһ죬ѧУӵдĵ졣ޱȷ
ѧ
ѧ°ѧ֮۳ģѧж󣬾Ϳ¼䣬֪ʶж٣ж٣鼮ж٣ѧƳһ
ȻѧʵǴƳǵĻ̡ؾе鼮˵ǻۣΪѧеĺˮ
ʱƣѧ޾
ңѧһĴûа취Ưںϡһȥͻ³ֱӳףȳȻҪֱӡ
̫ˣд͹ȥϺҪʼѧԺѧԺͽũԺӦĿĵ죬Ҳ¶ڴ֮ɫ
죬ũҵĸڡ
ũҵδڵϡ
żѧһ㷽Ƕɲȥġȿʯ
Ц˵
ѧǰһʯ
ϸȥʯϺȻдһ仰
ɽ·ΪѧĿۣ
ѧԿ̿Ϊֻۡ޷ѧϺСѧ֮ϣȻһֶصĹͽֿѧϵĵϡÿһѧӣ뵺󣬵϶ᵮһ磬ǶÿһеġֻԼ̿࣬ÿɳԽǿ̿࣬ɳٶȾԽ죬͸ܳɲҪѧҪÿԼĿۡѧ
ƳҲ˵
ڲѧһֶظҲһ컯
ǿֱԼڣСȡԪֻĿ̿࣬ԽܳԿ࣬ͳԽ죬ܻۡѧУﵽһ̶ȣշУΪۣҲȻ顣һѧ컯
УҲҪִĵУûпǰ졣
Ӧüͷʱ
ǰǰһ⡣
õģһǰĿ۽ִ͡ﵺֻԼոյĿܻĿۣǾһССĸ壬۴ģ߱ԺҪע⡣
ƳЦ˵
һ㣬֮ǰ󡣲ѧз

ڽ̸䣬ֻһˮԶһҾ޴ĺɫ۳ǰ˷ˣۿɼٶȽӽգۼ䣬ͳڰߡ
ûдڶɡ
ֻҪ̤Ͽۣۻֱӽϵ졣ÿµĵ쵮۶һΣʱ򣬿ǲֵġ
Ц˵
ӦҲûʲô˵ġ̤ȥ
ں棬һЩũӵܸ̤ȥǣûټ档
ĿӦǵ˱۴ʻ޴ĵ졣
תۼ䣬Ѿ൱ңԶ
ѧԺҪҪЩ죬ҲҪһſſԶɹѧɡЦŶԲ˵
ãѧеۣݡֻҪԸ⣬ʱԳۡѧͨ衣þͿ۵ֻСѧ֮Ȩѧ㣬ȻҲе۵Ȩ
Ц˵
ѧԵסκˣȴԲᵲסС
һ𣬲ѧвصϵƳϵһںһ
ǾͺáϣѧУܾӵиĵ졣ܵǲķ
пſյѧԸ̾


612 ɱ
ڴţѧУټѧɽСټҪġѧһʥءˣʿԽ벻ѧΪ١ȷѧеģȫ֮ӡ
ѧؽΪ˵֮ء
ˣͲιˡһսʰо֡ʮĶҪǿȪ֮ءݳκʧױոЩҪϰš
вûд죬鿴Ĵ㡣
ڲѧոսȻǼªĺܣȥҲʲôȵԺ˵Ҫģ֮ǰѾţҪСĽ
пѾǱ
аԳ
ʴ֮ǰĻûвӰ졣
ƳǵİȫʩƣյʱһҪҵ»ѡô׵¡켮ֻΪһƾ֤ȫǴģѲ飬ҪȻҪҵеǱߣǲܵ顣ȱһ˫۾
һͷ
ܶһ˫۾ǾȫԼƳǣලһУеǱ߾ص䣬Ҳܷһ˿˿
뿪ѧ
صһֱѾ͵ǰ
ǰӨ͸ף㣬ѩ覣飬κһô󣬺ıȴȱӾӨ覡ͨɢһֵĺǰΧ¶ڲԾ½
ǵؽƷסʵöǺö
вͣİЩӣƬ̺󣬲ͽСѡһյأȥпʺκֲֳɳҲ⡣
ڱ֮⣬Ȼջ񡣡
пǰʣĵ֡
ϸȥ⵾־Ȼͬ
ǴССҲ࣬ȴøһööѩ棬СֹСѩ棬Өˣһۿȥ̲סҪһڵ
ѩףĴѩף֮ǰѩײûȫ컯£ɱΪףɲһ֣γɱӦγɵѩסȻֻǻƽƷףɶֵҪ󣬳ڣԶȵؽ֮ϵҪӼ򵥣ʺϴģ֣ʺϴ󲿷ֵͨʿ
ѩס
ӦǱʹס
ȷʵѾһףƽƷסƷײߣȴı䲻Ѿ׵ʵ̺ʵڵġƷ׵Ĳ࣬Ҳǿٶѡ
ĳ̶ֳϣƷ׽ϵ͵ѩףʺƳǡ
ѩףӦԼ޽ӣӽȷףͬϸСѩ棬ζɿڣ̺֭ȥľʮֲպ󣬿ǿΪƷףƽƷ
ûжҪ
һܵõµףò˵һϲ¡
ƽڵѾҪ죬ȳ󣬿СģĹӦƳи߲㡣ϴڵ͵ȡһֻƽ٣Ȼ󲿷ӣС֣ҲʡƷһ׵ζңոĻƽ󣬵˲óԶƽոˣһΪӣһֻܶѻСδؾûа취ӵ
ǲóԶġ
Ҫģǵݣƽĵݣˡʳոѻ
Ҫǲãѻһ˷ѡҲû
֮ǰҶԵм档ҪƷԼòϵĶжԵ˵˽⣬Ӧòܾ
ʮϲ
ҪܵõĻƽƳǵĵ̣˶
ڴɻƽʳ
ʶһĭ¶ڴ֮ɫ
СҪʳ
ĥۣƤӣͷСȵȣʳڻĵʳϣͬΪؼһ֡ʷƾáʳΪʳǶ಻ʤָʵڴ
ɶʳֵڴ
УھԻƽʳôһ룬ڵʳϸҪ췴ˡ

ֻһ룬ҲѾʳϸĿǿҵĿӹﴫ˳ЩȲˡ

ڽһֻƽ󽻸غؿƽжʱϲ۷Ź⣬ͺ񿴵ƷԺ͸ֳԻƽĸʳ
ûκԥתʹŻƽȥ׼ˡ
˵ҪԵƽʳҲҪϡ
ԴˣҲֻѡһЩʳͬζ
ʱȻš
֪УѾϡ
ƳУԵ֣쵾սɱĻ棬ڣǰǽ̸ص㡣˵ʩչĲñ֣һüɫ裬𺳣ӡÿһԺС
ڶ޷ƽ
ûֵΣг׻ָ
ֽ
ŵĲҲһֵѲӡ
ѲӣʵҲ߹
˶֪İ֮ףû˭״ְᾡάΪʿֻҪ裬ôһЩӶ
ԣŲҲǴЦݡ
ִ߽ʱĸһЩմкɫġûʲôη岶顣
ַΧǰʢУҲ
̫гˡ
ʱһնĲֱڽֵϡлЦǺǵĸһСк
ۣ
һֻ̣һѪⱻ˺𡣴λãһڵĳӲ౻һɲǣǿڵʧһѪ⣬ȴǱֱڵƻͨҹ
һĻޱ𺳣ޱͻȻ
κ˶û뵽ġֵ˭ֻܿһںڵ̽࣬Ӻ󱳶źڵʧӦءһҽж䡣
죬쵽¡
ؼǣû˿ɱ֡
죬죬Ҵ򣬶Ϯ
ôûкˣѾֹͣһֱӴ̫࣬ͻȻˣûп˳Ϯɱһڵƾðһ
죬֪ͨˡˣȻвƳϮɱο϶Ҫˡ
ܰմ󾪺
һ죬ֱƳбϮɱǴûй顣󣬻ôĺ䶯Ӱ죬Ѿ޿ɹ
ؼǣУȻû˿ɱγֵġ
Ҫ֪ڳУÿһնʿһɱ֣һ˿˿¡⻭棬ʵ̫ˡ
գоһУڳС
챻ɱ飬˲ʹ￪
ڵһʱ͵õϢ
ٶȸϵֳ
ȻϮɱŲ졣֪˭
ɫԵüΪѿ


613 һɱ
еķŭҪȼ
ԴеĲ컹ûгֹκһֱ̫̫ƽƽʼûгʲô۶ӣڲˣңĻŵĲ졣ɣϴһޱĶ⡣
ͷǶһΪ񺣾أһ࣬ɾ䣬ڵ̴ʱ򣬾նһַԵ൱Ϭʱһ˿ӦûУ
һ̳ʱʮֹ죬ǴӺ̳ң˿ڣ̴ĵеĳһģһġɱģһǶֻ֡ǣݸո˽⣬Χİոûп˭ɱ˶ңǰڸСܴ󸣴кܴҲûпڶˡǰѵô̽ڡ
һɫص˵
ԵʮֵĹ졣
˵Ĺ졣̫Źˡ
һп˵ѣҲпܻ˵ѣܲ˫۾˵ûпɱ֣̫ˡѣǲܵġ
ɱȻˣɲͨʱʿȱȽǣֹͨ˭֪ᵮʲôͨͨɱˣЩ飬Ҳÿ
йâһǱ˵
ԲǲڵġҪû֣Ͳһɱֳ֣Գ֣ͨ֡Ƕ֡
ͷô졣֣ͨɱû¶κε˿ô鰡һ¶֮ɫ򶡺ʬ壬ͬǿҵķŭ
ּȻѾ֣ǾͿ϶ֱ֣ͣһٴɱˣֵ֪ͨǣΪһ飬ڳѲӣһκβԾźšֻҪڳУǾͱҪֻ󣬴ӳˮﾾžĵһڴ󰸣Ҵ񣬱Ūˡ
һȻ˵
䣬һ˿ŭ⡣
ǣ
һͬĺ
漴ɢ
ڳвѲ
˭Ȼţ㲻ݡƲǰʬ壬аԷĵ
ɱֵĺ⣬ޱǿҡ
ۣ
ʱһͽͻȻ䷢һҽС
ȻԿͽ˵λãһڳӲ̴࣬ǿڳڶһιʧ
ͽǶģеһ˲䣬һѪ˲ֱ絽ϣʱ˵ϣ¶һֲŵɫ
쵰
һһףֻоϻʹ
ո˵Ҫҳ֣־ԼǰףңȷʵҲûпֵκټôĿһͽ˵ǰңѪ絽ϡͷ·ֵĻӦơоڲ
۾һºˡ
ɱˣѾ˿ûн۵ס
ĿŵƣŵƣƳǵơ
һιĴɱͽеĳƣһģһͽֱԼ嵶ɱԼⲻܡ
һɾ䣬ֵǸ֣κء־ǱɱֶʮְԵרҵɱִ̿͡ɱˣ뵽
ûпκεˣǵǴӺ󱳴̳ģ֮ǰûеˣǰҲûвκʱһַ

һɫ൱ѿ
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һǾͿ϶ֻšĳ̶ֳϣΣģǰеɱ֣ǻҵİԼɵģǣ˵ְҪġںҹУ˭֪ᷢʲôԼڷУ˶û˷֡
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кʿǲɳõģһѪԣǱŭ󱬷ѪԣԹԸ񡣵ֻҪƽȥٴηһɱ¼Ȼ¼һȫͬľأֻţһӣҪľǽɱҵ
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ֻǣȴһĴܸС
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Ӱ֮а
ΪΪŸոյõԭ򣬲ߣʵ⻹ѹƵԭҪȻؼ亣ȵȸ׾ٵͻͽ
ֻǣʻûݳʺĹԣһֱѹƣʼնĬĬݣȵݵĹ׳ٽбȫͬĵ·Ҳĵ·
ʱУΪһֱѹ񺣾ڡֻǿٳ񺣣ԡΪ
ȻӰ֮ʵɲǱ濴ô򵥡
Ӱ֮ľǾһϡаӰ
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аӰиصͨӰ룡
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΢΢ҡһԸħȻĴҡǮϵ
ħ飬׼ץʱ佫֮ҡĿ⿴̥
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Ѿ뷽Բ֮ڣ˽ܣ֮ǰһΣܱ壬׽ΪҵʵܸܵңѾڸнͨбԶ˴ߵĴңҲڲͨСͨĹУľԸ
Ҫӿ̣ͱ뽫ҳͨȥͨ࣬ңҶкôκ壬޶á϶˼ӿٶȡٶȺܿ죬һȫ꣬ΪͨĿܾͻ𡣿֮以еʱ䣬ӿ졣
֮ĻУ뿪ͿġҪĶǵˣ໥ףĿǾ޴ġ


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ΪңŨȤ
УûбϿɵĻҡ
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ڲ鿴غҲĳ˻۵ٶȣ֮ǰȣҪһ˿һ˿ϸ۲Ļǲġһ˿ı֡
ȶĲҪġ

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Ҳû⣬ûֹ
аӰ֮һһ棬ʵؼֶĿƣǲôǿ󡣷ĸо


617 Ӱħʥ
Ҳڱĸ
ȻͻȻӰʩչаֶΣҲûж˵ʲôʳɫҲԣԼһ档ңôҲĿĵġΪ˴ﵽԼĿģӰ֮аκξٶֶλȱĸӵļˣӵа
ȻȻаԼӰӷڶԪ񡣵ж˼룬Щܿơģɡ飬аԣҲ̫࣬Ūģϴ۷壬Ӱӷ׷ּȡؼޱаٱǿĸоκ鶼
ƿؼֻҪԸ⣬׼ͿᵽؼκһУκһļ¸ܡκ˵ܳΪĸܡĿУҪܣ׾ͿԴǧϸоû̫塣
о½뵽С

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˵Ӱħʥ䡷ѾԺСΪҵսƷам˵
ܣ㲻֪Ӱħʥ䡷ƭҡӰɫһ䣬һ㶼ĻӰħʥ䡷ʱѾ¹ħģ˭ֶй¶
಻ţֻҪҵõ˾ͿԡаЦЦĿӰ̣˵㣬ҪɱˣδЩ飬ǾɣȥΰɣΣҪӳǾþҪǻǾǸΪɱ
¼䣬ԥһѽӰץУŰһס
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618 ƽ
ϰͱ׽𣬻ǱһȺ˸ɱġʴһֱǴ
ӰǸʲôƨһɱҪɱɱɱ¾ɱԽԽãɱԽ࣬Щ˾ͻԽӵĿ־塣ʲôһɱΪŪôƳҲŪôһɱǴ֮̿ʲôƨ̿̿͡Ϸ֮ģ
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㣬Һ񿴵λðɾҲ۾¶֮ɫ
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ƽȡڽɫĹâɢͿЩƽӣÿһֻǽɫСƷ续ÿһֻɢɫĹâ̬ܿĽƤУнɫ֭ʣֻ档ʮ𺳡
ӣһֻƽӼ
ߣûֱһȥ
У֭Էǲͬġ
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²˵㣬Ģ󻬣еһУںһһɲǣ궼ڷϸͨͨſëף׷״򿪡
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ÿһ䣬ÿһ˲䣬Բ˼ٶȱǡ
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̫ˡǣڻƽУûκʵģ̺ģһ־µУһֶصڣѪУһ˿ʲôصʡ
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Ʒһ˫۾ɵıλ֮С


619 
λĢ;λ֮е޺ڳںϵʱÿһξ׽һּµܣÿһëףԵ֮Сǣƽӣȥӿֳһת
кܴһ֣뵽֮ڡ
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ƽ󣬱̺һֶصĽֽ֮֮ǼΪģȥȻȻһ˿֮һ˿֮ǽ֮ԴڿٳԵϵĻǿڵϱԴ׳Դ֮ǼΪЧ
ֻһ̣ܸоԼ䣬µԪǣԪٶȸ졣
ȻǻƽۣĽӡƽ֮ʵƤڶ֭࣬ۡǺ覴áƷʳУζһ֡
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ʹţӣʳžصĵλܽãһĳʦġܶˣΪֻýƤھͿԣʵϣÿһ򶼲򵥡κεĲζʧ֮ǧ
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һֽ֮Դڷβ


ھž 


620 ٴ
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ڻƽʳ˵ǺҪȴһϵļֵҪڿԻȡңȻҲûоܾĵ

ϣûŲڴһ࣬˫֮һδ۷塣ҪⲼ½ƣܶĵ
˲ʱ䣬УһֱͬͬסڳĴ֡ϸҹҹϸ衣еһŮ˼޷ܣȴһδεսÿζǽƣ
Ҳ֪Ҫһӡ
ΪǣͬΪƳǡ
һãƳǣʵ̫Ҫˡ
Ϊ֪һ㣬ҲԿơÿ춼֪жڵ뵽ڡܲǾֻܿˡ
һԣ̫⡣
̤ʱҲڴϣܻϰɣѾʵԱˡ


621 ɳĮ
ںӣҲһĪڴ
飬һֱǱһ˳Ȼ̬ȣǰȻ⣬ƳԽԽӴ󣬸ԽԽȹ̣õ⣬ǰǰҪӵ⡣ԺҪǶȶģҪʲôǹ
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ڵӣȻ̺ǿھͿܷڲڷѿȷ
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ϣܿһǳâ˸ͬ濴ǿգʮ죬˲ɵ񶼻ᱻȥǿηڽΪ챦󣬱ø졣ǿվԽӵͬǿա
ǿηϣһεΣԵõһջϴκ޷ЯأһҪܶȡ˲šƳǽǣǿƣ˳ʱ˲ٶ඼Ӷࡣ
һεĿĺܼ򵥣ҪܵĻȡ˲š
ӰӣһƳеͽտ
жӰ˵
ģڣ𾡹ܷģʱ䣬ΣñչݹѾоԺе糱Ѿ֮һݣҵΪͿԺ޹˼ɵĿʼͻͽ˵ҵΪѾԽˡ
Ӱŵ˵
ΪߣɿֱӽΪʵӳǿսʱƳǣ⡣
ãҹʱƳǽҪ֮ʱ
һûκγɣһ䣬ԪעǿηУ˲Ϣ䣬շ𣬳ͷһŨǹ˲ͽڣţо͸оԼڣһ־׵ıǿηȡ
û뵽ǿηС
ţǰһתɫһ䣬ֱӽ뵽һصĿռС
Ƭǿջ棬ǵڶοɸо𺳡
ϸɨӹȥȫ־תƵС
һۿȥ·ȫһƬ޾ǿС
Ǻޱߵǳ
ʱǹۣһڣһı仯ųˡ
ۿɼٶۡ
ͷ­Ѫ⣬֫ȵȣȫһɲǼ䣬ƾ۶ɡԼòȫһͺǸƿ¡õһ
ǣȻӵиͬʵͬ˵ơʮ档ǲ˼顣
һУǿηתûκθ档ȻȻı仯ܵḶ́һζ˽Ĺ̡
ˢ
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ţоʹݳһǿ޵ֿȥתۼ䣬û뵽Уʧ
ڶΣ֪γֵĻʲôطҪٿСͺˡ֪ڹô᲻Σա
̤еһɲǣԺȻȻĸֳһͷ
ֻҲ֪ҪĿԣ΢΢ǲܵġ½ʵ̫ˣƳڵҲֻǱɽһǣûܹж
ˢ
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Ȼ䣬Ѿš
ڰС
̤һɲǣܵĸоһգûн̤ʵصĸоǿҵʧظУֻ˲ϢʧϾǿߣϹͨأնУһıܶѡ
վգܡ
ΧĻҲɵ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ȻɳĮ
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ܶʿ̧۾Ϳֱ̫ɳĮеķ⣬Ȼ̫⡣
׾Ϳӡ
ɳĮУһۿȥǸߵɳ𣬸ڡտޱȡͬһ㡣
ʺ档
ҪҺ÷򣬿ܲˡҪȻɳĮУ׷ˡ
вΪɳĮһǻߡɳĮдԲЩ壬ӦɳĮĻڵΣգԲ
û϶ŵȥ
ݣȻǻ֮ء
ڸոգпԶߣһȺ;޴ݡЩһۿȥͨ嶼ǳɫ״ͬͺӥһ֪ǿеʳߡ
ҪڿУȻΪЩݵĹĿꡣ
̤ɳĮϣǻɳϣݳǿҵĳϢκμͻᱻ졣Ҫǳ̤棬һᱻˡ
ɳĮУһ޷ݵ糱ˮϯӡӰƢøӵıꡣһԲϣͻᶯɱˡ
䣡
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ܽȡȥ
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ȻͻȻһȴûκξ֮ɫȻ̤գйâһսѾС
꣡
һ룬һ貵ĽѾնȥУûн⣬ֱֻӵն
ڽһ֮£ֻͱһնΡ
ʮľֻӳһƻܽɽ
սķǿһȥֻ浱ͱ롣ֻǣȻ൱ǿڲϵ䶯ƺ
˵⿳һϵȵʳ
п棬¶һ˿⣬ڣȫǷḻĵʣҪǾʦ֣Ȼһѵõʳĺö
ûԥּ䣬ʬͱսУȥʳġ

ʱɳһ棬һŹֵңɳϣڿٱܵĲǲʮֵļ٣ԵüΪҡ
ˣ
һͷԺи֡
Ҳһ˿ϲãɳĮУܿˣһֵ˵顣˵ԴӶԷеõۼصѶϢ


622 
Ҳһ˿ڴ
һİĵطҪľҪȡܱ߾ѶϢھһõĻᡣ
飡
ɳ
ֻӰٴɳ˳
ϸȥǺȻʿһŮɢӦֻ񺣾Ϊ磬ǿҲϵϢܸܵӦǾɱ¾ʿ
ڣɫ䣬ȴһ˿־壬Ǳһ̬
ɳ𣬿վڲԶʱ˵϶ʶ¶һ˿֮ɫžͿŮ¶֮ɫѣܡд棬ҪǱЩ׷ϣ϶ЩӿС
Уܿϴһ˿֮ɫ
죬ϿܡҪǱ׷ϣᱻǳԵһɶ
ҲŴ
¡¡
𶯣˿ٿ񱼶ֻɳϣһֻֻĿĳӽ˳Щӿԭȵļ׳ƣֻǱŴˣңŴĻһСĶˮͰô󣬴󲿷ֶ״Сͨ帲һɫļ׿ǣ׿ܿĳһޱȡ
ϣɢȵϢ
׳ĵطڣǰֻǰȣͺǵһѴ󵶣䣬˸˿û˻ԸⳢԣǲôɱ
棬ϢһޣңжʵľӢ
Ŀãоһڣǳ廹ޣѾûҪֵôɢ֮ܿĳЩ棬ԲƲ硣
ؼǣЩʵ̫ˡ
˲ϢͿԿɳϣǧֻð˳һ֣ͷٵ׷ЩĽţʮʺɳĮߣٱϮƽأжٶȼ졣תۼ䣬׷ԽԽ
ˣѾûбѡأֻܳеķٿ񱼡һ߽ĶкҲһܡ
γǵùȻ棬ЩӶȺӣһֻ;ȺЩһﻹɰ
군ˣοӲȥˡ
ãôܣվԭʲôǳ棬һΧϾ档Щӻ𡣡
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ΪǷ֣ǰ˲ûڵһʱߣޱվԭأǱ飬ƺûпǰϯĳһ
˵пܱǰľɵˣˡ
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йâһսʧǹȻĳСһץһսС
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ʶĻͷһۣһۣ𺳡
ֻһսӲһϣսǴӳԴϴ͸ȥڣھ޴£͸ȥһֻУڼ׿ϣ׿Ƕ
͸ĲλѪȻը
ֳһֿµĻ档
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һ˫սٶʵ̫ˣҪǻңͲܶ㿪һᱻ˲ɱÿµļļǰҪ졣
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أǸоս£ĿܾǱɱӦĻᶼ
ÿļÿ١
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ֻУγֵģսͬʱսϣһ˲ֻ汻ɱ
Уиûκͣ١
ٴο
һ䣬һսôȥ·ǻǹһֻܿһ貵лꡣ
ڳ浱УģȴѪȷ硣
һֻֻ汻ɱ̶̼䣬˾ʹﵽϰֻǻ棬Ŀģ𺳡
У
ֲֿܼ涼𺳵һĽУߣͷɳĮС
ֻһѵʬɳĮϡ
һȺ澹Ȼüĵη壬ֱߡ¶йء
ЩӣǿУһовʿͻᱻ߽⣬ͻ᲻Ծѡܡ
ȻҪŽ壬»ɱݵĵز
ȻԸЩСǿоͻܣô׵ߣֱǲ˼顣
Ϊսһǿߡң϶񺣾Ͼεǿߡ
һ̣ͬʱֳһ̾ͷ
лѳҪȻǿ»׶༪١һΧסҪǲܵ顣ǰͬʱһл˵
ÿЩ治Ҫ׷ɱǣҲҪ׷ɱҡҳ֣Ծȶѡƽ˵ˣΪ֪﾿ʲôطľۼ
ûԼݡ
ֱԲ䣬˵ҲûʲôҪġķʽõѶϢҪġ
ԭǸոճڻƽɳĮģѹֲƬɳĮƽɳĮж󣬻ûܹ˵塣ֻ֪ܴ󣬴ܿģȫǻɳ
ǰɳĮҲߣһ࣬ңɳĮУŴɳ棬иݣɳĮǵȵȣޣɳ塣
ԣɳĮҲޣɳĮֵ򣬻ɳĮд󲿷ֵ顣ģĪǾųǡǲҪϹȥס⸽ۼصġǴȥڲԶĵط
Եú̸ܽ
жΧĻǺ˽ϾͿʼĽһ㶼ûİСܿĳ˲ûʲô̫ĻۡǱȽദһˡ
ڽ̸УҲ֪ӣֵܣţϴŷ磬϶ɽŮӣѩɶ飬ɳĮɱޡһֱǺ졣˴˼ҲϵҲǵù˳Ⱥȫûˡ
ڽսɨʬռǰ·Ÿľۼظȥ
һ·ϣҲΧ򵥵˵һ顣
ɳĮУһޡޣ֮ԴŴ顣УԴᣬҲǺܼҵġÿ춼ڷ
нկģҲнġ
ΪģĪھųǡ


623 ټ
˵ųǵˣŮһʼںʱоųǴһ֮У⾫ųе壬֮Ϊ壬һ壬Ҳ֮УԭȣŮͽŮ
ٺ󣬾ŮǿӲԽǽ壬ȴǾųǣھųнľ塣ųǵȻĴկ֮ء
ΪоųΪۼأķչʮѸ١
ң˵Ů;ͨӲֵס޹ϮܱҲŴ壬ȻȻĳžųǻۡ
գþ壬ٷչﵽ򣬶ãֱӴﵽǵĲΣܿٽһ㣬뾫ŮѲϵ
˵ŮʮֹŹֶ䣬鲻ãʱпɱȡ֡һ㣬úܶ˶ԾŮ־µġ
ŮųǣǴ˵еȡഫٹеһСңĳӰƷҲоŮĴ˵ھŮšС󣬽µľųǡ˼˵ãҪȥһ
ҲɰԳ
ԾŮǿҵȤ
һִ壬һ·ɳΪųǣôͨˡҾŹȷȷʵʵмصġ
ųں顤УƹųΪ
ξǣ4803360ʤ500ˡξҽ볤һˡ
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ˣҪȥģۼʲôطǷ֮ϡ
пѯʵ
ޣǴɳĮУһջ
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Ҳ΢΢üɳĮеĿջоôеĪϤء
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еԣһ̣Ҳɵķһ¶֮ɫ
ǰĹʱſջſջƹҲйһֻǺȥѰʱȴ֣ſջ֪ΪʲôʧˡôҶҲһۼûСƻʲôǿݻٵġ
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ܹ졣
ϸѰҹȷʵûзֺҲͽʱѹĵףû̫׷Ѱ𰸡
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ſջջǸԲǧڣһջҲһʱľۼءֽףڿջнСԽ鱨ȻҪջһֳɣʤڰȫɡջУ׼䡣ܶʿϲſջ̡
ŷҲЦ˵ſջںܶ˵޷Ҫλ
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˵ϰʱɽ¶Ľ֮ɫ
ߣͽӡ
ѩɫʱúܲÿǰ˵Ůˣһ㶼ûнϡ
һĨɫѾ²⣬ſջпľǵ
ǲǣҪԽȥȷһ£ȷ
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ŷһ̤ջС
͹٣ӭ͹ǰſջڿջУԷϢ¥з䣬о⡣͹ٷ糾ͣһǼΪƣмջϵȵĴ⿳ľƲ˶ϵȵʳ֪͹費Ҫ
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ɫ䣬ʮ飬д˵飬Ѿ졣
Ȼſջ
СʱоѾȷˣΪǰСǰĹ;Уͼһ㣬ļ䣬ǾԲġ
˼ſջδƳǸɳĮУңջӦòͨĿջпһջ͵챦
Ժ˲Ϣ両ֳһͷ
ףǲǼ
Сϸʱ¶֮ɫзһҼǵ㣬ƳǳУôܵƽɳĮˡ
ȻСļҲƵͬʱͻУӡǼΪ̵ġǴеõңſջУǿǴʣ񣬻Ϊҵλнףת
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ǵãȻǵáȥϰ
СæЦǺǵĻӦţתͷͳ¥ϣϰǮˣˣԣˡ
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׷׽Ŀ⿴˹
ĿֱϣȻһеı仯λǰûмϡ
˭ȻСôԾҪϰ
ûмȷǰûмӦģôϰʶ֣ѵϰǰѲɡ
СǮңʲô˼֪ſջеĻңһƷֵģۼңһ̫ƯˣӲӵģžͺϲ
⻹ֹ˵ǿģ̺ܸҩңٶȡпܱȲ̷ҩĿ죬Ҫǣǲú»µʵġǱƽʱſջһ㶼óףֻü˵Ļҵλ
ſջлȡңȻ١Ҫ׵ĻǵңǱˮнԣֻһֻҵļλȴûа취УֻڹؼʱóһĹ
֪ܶȴûõ
¥룬ϰ¥ϡҸźùᡣСЦǺǵ˵ɫ䣬Ĳˡ
λѣǰһϯϡ
׵ͷߵŷʾǾܵˣһͣͣǶǴǰĸл


624 ϰ
׵Ѿǰȥ·Ǿ֮ͣҪʲôлǧҪ˵ŷɫЩɵ˵û뵽оȻſջϤ
ϵǳǰ϶ʶġ
СԴĿˣûмϲȫǷĵġ˵̬ȣȫġһ㣬ֻҪ۾ûϹܿĳ
лϰʶ
ͲһĹϵˡ
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пһۣ˵
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СЦǺǵ˵
£Ȼûжٱܻ˼
ϾҲУ㣬ڱĲ㣬˭֪ջǰȣҪһڡ仯ܴڵϣ϶ǿ
˵ǿջкܳһʱûˡϰ϶øӵߵҲЦ˵ڽԺеӡǼΪ̡
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Ц̾
ء
Ӱ˻˹ϣȫһѪɫĺߵǣȻʱͺǴѪнݹһϱƤ¶ʺѪһЩɫߵ㣬ƺҪγѪѪܵģͻȻͺһȾѪһ
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Ҳɫһ㶣ϾЦ˵ðֻҪϰԸޣо͸ȢУƺһ˿ζ
Ǻǣ׳㲻ƳôͻȻƽɳĮҪϵϢһΪǱ˼ðġЦŻһ⣬ûȥ
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ƺҲ˵ôջһŲƵƽɳĮе顣
ٴȷʵԵ֣Ҳû뵽ܹ˵ԺٴμĻҲࡣңڻƽɳĮʱ䲢˵ʲôʱͻ뿪ֻһ͡
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ֻҪǿηڵıԴ׻ָͿԡ
ңһǾǣֻҪԸ⣬ʱԽΣ·ر塣صƳǡ
Ҳ˵һ·򲻵ѵ£ѡΡ
ʱٳҲﶺáضҪ뿪ġ
ڻƽɳĮУעǹͣ˵ڵĹ͡˭˵塣
ϰϾƲ˰ɣҶſջĺڰ˺ܾáΣڿٴƷˡЦ˵ģ룬İ͡ΣҿǴųҹġ
Уƺ̺Ųһ⡣
۾ʱһЦ˵ѵÿٴۣſջȱǮһپ绹ġҪ˵Ǯǿɾڴҵˡ
ǺãϰˣʲôƲˣϼȻ룬ҾԼˡ
ЦЦûۡһ֣һ̳Ѿǰھ̳棬һġš֡
̳ţѵǶſơ
۾һתǰľ̳¶һ˿֮ɫ
֪ھ̳д϶ֵģкܴܻǶſơ
ܱóģ϶ǷƷ
ǺǶſƣң⻹ǶſľҳԷȾơЦ˵
ſƳСһĨ֮ɫ˵
ȷʵƳУÿƣСûֱ˵
׳Ȼ죬ңֶҲˣľʥֶܶӳУĽһתҲĨǣϴξ͸̸ſջҪҡпܣҿԴɺЭ顣
Ѿоҵĺôֻ֪ҪƳңһ䶯õԴԴϵĺôջλžصá
ſջͨջ챦
һʮĽпջһйܣ־ջûеؼǣջвϽǱȴҪӦ߱Ӧʸ񡣲ܵõӵһֿͨĻңؼһ
ңͺܷϡ
ſջõһͻƣõɱ䡣ֻǣſջУһֱûа취ȡңûа취ֻͨڳΪһ
õңѾſջü޵һ¡ҪȻֻܷΪҵĿܡ
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625 Ʋ
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ҵļֵԶֵġ
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ֵʧǺ㶨ļֵ
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񳹵Ȥ֮ǰĽ̸УĲЯҿ϶һСĿ
ҪҪڳԺ
Ժʶĸֳһͷ
ͷһֺ󣬾ֱԺ󣬿Це˽⣬õһЩ鱨УҲеʵͬһУɱΪ񱩡ΪҪԲһ׵¡
οұ˴˼ѾһЩ飬úþӪ˿飬ҪĸףȻжҲһ˿øС
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ͻȻڣּ䣬Կ˸ڹâħڳǰ
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γֵȴѾ˵ǾһĹģһȫɳƻޱȾ˿µġһ䣬ܷһС
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ʱûһֱӾʨӴ󿪿ڡĽ۸
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Ѿ½ոںʱʱܶ˶е챦ֵˣңϵͳױƻҪĺֵ͸ӵѡ
ȴһʱ䡣ϾҪ꣬챦ļֵŸԵĺ۸̶ȣڴȵ
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һۣȻҪûЩɫİߵ㣬۾ԿκΪ֮ԣڿȴ˵Ǿˡ
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쿴¥¥ɢ⡣
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׳㻹鷳
һջʿǵķӦ̲סҡҡͷЦ
ǮץвţӦ÷ųȥͨȥǲǻӦôڵļֵЦЦһϣȷʵеС˼Щ˴ŵġ


626 
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۾һĶʲôǶ൱ġƳУһţţԪǲԪ֮һһɣͿл֮ʱɾͲǾġ

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ܿĳȷʵѾ£۸ﲻԤڣǲ۵ġ
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ûٽֱӰڷǰǷ봢Уݸֻɨһ£֪оĿж١
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ɳԺֿԳΪƳеһʳ
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ڽҲɵĿѯʵ
ſջ鱨飬ڵѾ֪
ƽɳĮſջΧɲǺ˽⣬Ҫ˽⣬ſջ֣õһݾ
ҪΪƳѰ˲š
ζĿһۣ׵ͷȷʵвٹ˲ŵ鱨


627 鱨
ʱ򶼲Ѱ˲ţѵԼȥ磬ܽһߣˣ̺̫˼ˡ
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гһڡ
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˵ɣǮҡͷЦ֮ǰǴǧңһ鱨˽ƽϣϰȥҪĸ
ĸĸʲôûǮҪεõһʣ´λ֪Ҫȵʲôʱٴ㣬һˣԺһ֪ôءлᣬȻҪжѹեһЩ
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鱨ҲҪ̫࣬ʮöҡЦ˵
ʲôЦܡûһ鱨ʮöң̫ˡ


628 
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ŮһŮǿˣԸȻʮǿƣˣôѡѡ顣е̫ѵĸо
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Ц˵׳Ϊʵټһ˲ţҪǰȥĻ˵ᱻŮѡУҪ֪Ůһλˣǡɫ˫
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Ǳɫģ꣬ڵ׺ôһݽƷ˴һǿҪȥĳ嶯
ֳ嶯Ǻֱӵģһֱܡ

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ԪٴȻ뵽СȻÿ䣬ڱǿһɹѪԴԴϵĳŰ׶л۶ȥ
һǧǧ

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ӲͣĻţ֪Уһôȫһڻصʳϱáо
Ȼ䣬ʳϣһ֣һֻӡϳźܶ۾ֳӣ۾ܼ־֢Ļ»ʹȥ
Ȼոճȥ۾ЩŹֳϵ۾
Ȼô۾ȷʵܺóԡڰȻһ档Ҳ϶
һݱȥڵٴǧ׶ԽԽӽ
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Скҿڶݺڰ
ڹâУܿһѩĶֱӳǰ
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ڻ£ȴ䱾ʣһԽңǸոմȡģڣѻһ𣬾͸͸һ
ǶԣԽԽ
ԽңǸȡģҪ죬Բһô׵顣ԣһּĿ顣
ðɣʺһĻƽ𳴷ܳȥԽҲʲô˾͵Ƕԡ
һһԽ˹ҨһףŽС
ɫ䣬ûκȻһˣǾƷ


629 ǵ
ۡ
ȹҪ𤣬ȶԻҪϸۣУûһ˿ʸУۻ޾ܣֻҪ΢΢һζȻĳ⣬뵽ζСϸоԽѾ˳ź뵽θ
θУһůĸо
嶼һֺĸо
ͺڳͷʱʳеָоζȷʵ뵽ԽС
ȫʮǧëףڷõ
ԪԴԴϵ뵽ѪУС
øӼͣѪǿÿһϸ·̺޷ڵϸڷѣصѪܶȣøӵĽա
ûκα仯ʵһֿĿ£˵һֱܵĿơϸ׳ɱḶ́ʵȵȣϢɱ䡣
ֻҪԸ⣬еʱԸʩչ˶սͨһֱͱǣﵽһʮ־˵ĵز
ңⲻõģǿͱǣʵѪ֮˵Ǿս塣Ȼ⻹㲻ս塣ֻ˵ս̬
ս壬һּΪµսʡиֲͬ
Ҫ۳ս壬ַʽһеʣ磬֮壬Ҫ֮п۳ս壬սȵս壬зɱġһʼעս塣ȻսҲ֣һ֮߳ս壬ƫɱս񱩡һƫʩչͨʮֿ¡
һ־Ǻͨ幦ܹ۳ս塣ͨĹͬп۳սҲͬߣתʱп۳ս壬Ҳǰ׶硣߾޾ĥѿ޶õĶ͡
һ˵󲿷ߣǾһ幦ȴ֣пԺ幦Ϊľ۳ǿͨսȴܽκһֻ֣˵˳ȻȻںڵĸֹԣȫʺս塣
û۳ս壬֮ڲϵĳɳ
һڶʱɷĹ̡ڶͻῪʼѷף׳ı֣ǿͬʱ᲻ǿǡ
ֱ仯һֱѹơû¶ڹؼʱ̣һɱﵡ
ûйĻÿһͻᱩһɡ
Ϊоģͷųս̬Ļ˲Ϣ͵ʮɵĿֲ߶ȡȴκεӰ졣ɿԷӳǿսΪ޴ԭƻӿ¡
һ񶹸Գȥʳϸʳͬ£ٴα
˲ʮľ˲Ρ
һݣӡƷ
Сҿʳ
һȻһ鱻иεࡣʮˣ̲סҪһڡ
ȴ̲סа²ۣʲôӡҳҶĺ𡣡
£пһ̵ĸΣĸۣһ̷ŵĲһƬƬͮͮĸҶһƬƬҶܿĵ
Գӣ۾ԽҲˡҶһ㣬еԤ֮⡣ڰ伫κβ϶Ϊʳġ
ȻЩ޷⡣û
ҶͳҶֻҪȷʵʳͲη
ֻҪʳʯͷҶԡ
дһ˿ڴļһƬɫҶŽСһƷ۾ʱһ
ΪԽȥҶһĸɬʡȴû뵽ҶǸԴġҧȥиɴ࣬ңҶкȵģȥȴһŻڿбǿҵζУȴǴлһʸСǸоͺǳСϺһζСϺҪĸ
һƬͳͣˣһƬƬƬ
һƬƬҶôȻĳԽ

ڲϳŵͬʱеڣȻ䴫һĶⶦһ½ĴΡһͨѩ׵İ׶Ѫи֣Ԫһɹϯٴεõϴӡһţħڶ
׶ʮ֮
óԣջеʳȻлᣬҪƷΡ
һǰĺڰҲ̲ס̾
ʳ䡣ϰƷƷĶſơлһתЦŲ˵ֽ̳ϵӡĿ
ֻ룬ֱһ롣
룡
жһƣŽʾ
ҪƷһ⴫˵еĶſơҲ¶ǿҵȤ
ſƵĴڻ֮УĪһӡǡеʥƷƷˣָӲҪ˵Ƕſơ
͸ѵá
Уһ㴼ľȻȻڿƮɢؼǣȻϿγһ㵭ľǹɾ㣬޷ܡ޲ǰƷ
þƣҺȹľƵУõһ֡оȻͬλУȥһǳĶһּõĸоѹһ仰ԽΨжſȻǾʥƷƵĿģΪһǳ
һںֻ۾ʱͱ񶼷·һ״̬У񳹵׷ɣһǰδеķɡ
ָоϵĸı䣬ϵɱ䡣
һڣûԼûûһϰиڷŷɡûиĸо
СʱаģڣҪκ飬ͯ꣬ÿһ˵ļУռݵĵλΪҪġʲôҪ£Ҫ˼ǣֻҪ޾ĸо
Խǳ˵ĹǾԽԽ࣬ģͺǱһĳɳǣСӲẦ£ȴẦ£µԭ򣬾Ǹֹǡ
ſƣȴǸֹǣĻعͯĴ棬޾һǳɢָܣǡǡǺܶˣ顣
ҲǶſƣ׷ԭ֮һ
ں֮󣬸ǳĻҪǳԵģҪԡΪһ̵ǣȴ֮͡
ǽҲúŻת¶һ˿̾һ˿ᡣ
ǵĸоʵ̫ˡ
䣬׷ţѵõƬ̵ǡǶſƵ
ҲЦ˵ſѾǵһκˣĸоҲԡң¶ſƵͬʱʳϸ
ǳԵĻǺȵġֻҪȥ档
ĵãǲۿ۵ġ
ľ㣬þƣСʵ̫ˣΪʲôջоȴƭ˵ûУ콫ǾٲǵľǮЩֱӸߡ
ʱ¥´һ޴ŭ


630 
͹٣ⲻſջľƣһλԼľƣǿջûȨ˵ľȣⲻϹأǿջȷʵûľƣŮ죬ȻǳҲϵʦơǿջеƾơ
С棬˿ŬȰ
Ҳ׷׽Ŀ⿴˹ȥ
ֻһ¥УȻԿһͿ޴Ĵ󺺣ϸȥһɶߣһСһϻһȦȦڱϣһֻ޴֡ڵϣܿ˸ʮַ£ܸоŨѪɷ֮ת
ֻ֮µԲ
ĿԵЩˣһվڿջУܴһǿѹ˲Ծǿҵη֮ģǰֳ̬
˿̣Сִ
ոŵһִûŵľ㣬Ǿ㣬׹ľƳ棬ҪŮǾȣȫһһ¡ûκοɱԡ
Ͼ֪ڿջлиõľơ
һǰŮﻹȵȥֱӳҪȸոŵơڵľƳѾ׹ȵƣǾԲĵġ
ܣŵ㣬ҲܣҾҪ־ơҪȻְſջ⡣ҾƣҾͲˡ
ǿᶨִŵ˵
ɫ䣬һȵոŵƣǾԲưոݵġ
񿴵󺺣ϲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
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˭ոǾ㣬ľƣ죬ѾƸңҪʲôҸʲôƽɳĮУûҰ첻顣
Ģ́ۿ˹ͭ۾ֱĿУ¶Ȳɫ
Ҫҵľƣ˵Ѳѣ˵ҲסҵֵܣȻҪȶٶԣҪİˣƣһҲ
ƽ˵
ҾƣǿԳΪѡҾֵܡ
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̲ס¶һ˿Ź֮ɫһɳ򳤶ΪһھƣȻһͳֵܣƤɲ
˵Ǿǣտƾƾʲôš
ҡҡͷûô׾š
Ǳٺˣһиֲ˼˭޷׿οܹΪ˾ƣֱӾſڳֵܡҲֱ̫ӡ׵ı¶Ϊ˺Ⱦƶѡ
ʲôѣоѣֵܡ
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Ϲ˵ɫŲޡ
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㲻ţߣҲڻɳУһҡҵ֣򳤶á޵ǰҲҪһȭͷࡣҵķ֡նһ塣û֡ΪֹһûܴĹҵˣҲûҴˡҵȭͷǵ
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ôţû˿ƥС
۾һֱ׷ʵ
ǵȻҵ˫
Ϲ˵ɫ䣬ǿҵš
ţȫԹġ
˵ҵǿء
ͻȻ˵ĿֱӶϹϡ
ܣƾС壬ҲұһָܽѹұȣֱҡϹһУжʱ¶м֮ɫ
͸ǻһһ㼡ⶼûУʲôԡ͸ǰЩһЩ廨ͷúÿһ㶼áˣҪ
ҪӮءЦЦ˵
ܣ壬ԲӮҡҪӮˣΪû⣬ԺΪհϵɽ»𺣣ûжϹȻޱšһ㶼Լ䡣
ϣǿκεۼһ˿׶ûС
ã˵ġеͷӦ
Ҫô졣Ϲʵ
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ʲôſơ
찡ȻǶſƣ˵кԽΨжſĶſơǴ˵еľʥƷһ̳ҵﾹȻʮ̳Ҳΰɡ
̫˼ˡſưѹָոյľô棬ζŮ춼ûζˡʮ̳޼֮һ̳Ǽֵǧ𰡡
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Ƕſơ
ϹĺῪʼϵ䶯ֻоľƳѾʼˡ
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Ϲɫ䣬ѾȲˣƺѾоʮ̳ſƣѾʼǰԼ֮
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۾һתЦ˵
ãûϹͷ˵ֱӵƴûκıƿʹǿһȾ֪
Ҳû
ҲûгɣֱӿڴӦ
ַôߴϣȴֱӵײ
ʱһ¥
Ǵ󺺶ǿվǰȷʵһѹϲĴѣûжвκεӰ졣
ɫ磬治ɫĿǰĴ󺺡
еϢֱˣȷʵ
СӣʲôȻеȻҸұʸҼס֡Ȼʮ̳ſƣǲٵġ
ϹһЦ
ɫޱȵš
УҪӮңδؾôסеȻһЦΰֻʩչԪ˭Ҫʩչ˭䡣һֶӮʤѡ
ʤɣӮ̫죬˻᲻ϡ
ϹЦ˵ֱۣ¶ǳļ


631 ǹ
ֱۣ˵ĴȶҪ׳һ鼡⣬̽ϣתڲϵӿһε糱ˮϯһɲǣûбȶɥʧѹʵ̫ˡ
ʲôи첲šȣ͸˵ȵǰҲҪһš黨
ʱ򣬲˭ļ࣬˭һԻʤһȱҪǿ
з·ûпֻ޴ĸ첲һ
ƾ㣬ҲӮңҪǲһ裬͹ԹԽʮ̳ſƽֻҪҶſƣһǺѣֵܡϹһЦٴ˵
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СűϹƨӣʶ˵һ䡣
仰䵽ϹУһӾͺˡ
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쿴ȶʼˡ
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һʹʱϹĿҲɷһΪԼһʹ϶ԽԷֱֱѹȥһȴ֣Լʯһ㣬ֻƲ׳ֱۣʼ綨һ֧šһļûС
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ɵӣǱ¶ôԼŵһ㣬˲ȴǰֱ۶ˡɴ˿֪ǰˣ֮ǵС
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Ȼеֱۣûаʼפǰ
ʮҵ
Ϲ͵һ˿ɫƺԴʼѪѪڷڡֱӶҵܸܵɽڶţײ
Ϲϣֳһϸܵĺ顣
ϧǱˣûа취еֱһб
Ѿóȫˣһûء
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ѪѪУȻԿһ޴Ӱ
һֳͷжǣ;޴ϼ̽ᣬͨɢǿϢĹһ֣˵ŭ
һָطսĿơ
ǹ
һ𣬺ȻһǹڹУǿĹ塣ϹϸֳһǹϵϢ˲䱩ǣȻһӱһѹбֱۣȻһ°˻ֱֲתⶼھ𶯡
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Ϲֱϣѹȥ
ˣϹȻˡ
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ϹոձǿĿõģԸܵõһȭȥû˭ֵܵԻᱻըѪƬ˿µȻˡ޷ءɼϱѹԵġ
ǿȻ˫ޡʿΪȻﵽ˿µľ硣϶ڶͲ֪Σ϶ʮǿ
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ʿʿȻʮ˽⡣֪ĺ˫ޣӵеսԲһһڶ顣Ǽαĵ


632 ˫
ڣֻǵͿѹѾױϹԴݻһУҡ޵У˫
𺳵ͬʱҲԽӵĿءֻҪزۣһΪؼĴ
һ֣ʤߣУ
Ȼ𺳣ȴûԼְ𣬺ԥĿ
һֵĻʤߣѾʮԡ
䣬Ӯȫϣûκֽſ
ߣҲܳңոֻ̫⣬ȡȻһΣҿɲõᡣ׼ҵɡ
Ϲһһߡ
вΪԼһ䡣ո֮ԱѹƣΪԼѾ⵹бУҪ°ȥҪķѵ֮ǰǲƾУѾ޷صľأܣԲġ
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飡
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ûвܡ
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634 ħ
鱨һ㣬ûκǫ顣ſջģϢͨҪģң̽鱨Ŀɲֻʿ˵Ľģǿջһǿ鱨ϵһ̽鱨ĶĿ
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ǰõǾʯʯ̺ԪֻǣףҪҪֳƷƷ̫鷳ˣ̺ԪҶֻ࣬ҪССһöңӤȭͷСľʯȡؼǣңٶȣõֱ档
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⻹һ飬ѶϢÿһǣ̺Լαǵ
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֮ǰо˾ȥȻǵ֮СȻЯңǽ¶ģʲôͨˣⲻ޴㹻ĵ
ҲϾǿǰƬ̶޷֧ţô䣬޷̫գ׷ȥпܻһٶ죬˳
Ҳ˳пɲǺöԸģټ˫ǧɱ˵Ϊ¡Ҳˡ


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鱨Ǳ¶һĨζɫ˼Ȼſջ¶ƣ뿪ģûһͨˣЩ˳ȥ鷳ǾҶκζЩҲ֣Ѱ·ֲñˡ
鱨ֵĽֻ˫һѣ˫ʵҲԶԶǰĹ㣬ǣǰ˫ûʩչȫ֮ǰƴʱֳǹӰѪս塣Ρ
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ħޣ˵нˣûκһܻ߳ϣǿԳΪе⡣ħ޵鱨ǺֵǮġ
¶һ˿ڴ֮ɫ

뿪սʮ·һɳּͣ䣬ɫĿռ˲両֡
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ʵиϲǿ˫ţһ߹;УԵõɱޣɱ壬ȵȣǳɳ
ħ޲ˣ˭֪ͣãһʧ鷳ɾͲСú鷳
ңħ޸һѵء
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ټֶصĽӢԽӵľ
ھ֮Уһۿʱбܵһ𺳡
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ѣҿǾɳĮħŵ̽Ҫ̽ǾءԻʿҼɱ
Ů˵ҪֱɱҼ

ʱǻֹ̧˵ڸ·ʣǵĿĵ
Ҫǰȥħޡ
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⻰һߵŮֳһĨĮЦ˵ѣǿ϶ɳĮħŵˣħ֪ˣ޲Ƕħ˱ᣬΨֱ֮ôǰħޣѣҲӦһһɡ

ȥûκһ뿪ǻ뿪Ľ˭῿ȥֻôš


638 ľ ٻ
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˵ȥʮУоŸ᲻ţһǰŰɡ⻰СӶţҪţȫܡи϶ǰпܾɳĮħŵ̽Ϊĳԭ¶Σ¶١
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ˣСȸλûɱ⡣
ʱǻҲǰֹ֣Ů˵ȥ
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СȸŮ˵һߡɫ䣬ûаĲ
Ҳûʵ飬ƽʱֻΪԵʣЩʧ룬֮ʧ
Ů֮ƹ˾ɳ֮ΪӢۡʽմȤĿǰĻѾԼ²⡣
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ľǽȷ绨ѩĴ󽫾֮һľ˫һĨɫֵһɲǣѾ²ǰŮݡ
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ףС
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ҲǰԾ̾
ľ˭˵ȥû˭᲻֪
ǹŴʷϵĽӢۣТ壬Ӿǧţƴʵ׷ΪТҽһסľʫ˵䳹ǧš¸ҴӣʱŮ޷顣ģǻۣǵʱ޽еŮӡ
ңڶԣԸоľϵΪѾϾǿߡ
ȻϲûҪȻʵΪУڶ̶ʱͻƵϾ硣ƳУͻƵϾҲࡣ
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ǰٻ裬ǰٻŲɼٻԶطƶɣǷ裬һ衣ھĹЧƷȻ֪
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ǣٻ֮Ʒһоʲô̫Եı仯ȴ뵽Ѫ֮С
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ò裬ȻǺò裬֮鴫
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ӪоӼªóдģҲٻ裬ϲͺáľҲ¶֮ɫ
ˣ֮ǰ˵ɳĮħҪǰ򻨽⣬֪ôһ¡Դѯʵ


639 ɳĮħ
ɳĮħţһȺĵһȺǧеӡ
ᵽɳĮħţֻСȸŮɫʱüΪѿһҧгݣҪҧ֣νǺ֮ǣУǿҵɱ⡣
ɳĮħţҲ˵ڻƽɳĮУνǳѡ֪˶Ǻ֮ǣɱ°٣ǿŮӣ°ӣν޶һȺƷеӵĶ˾ۼһɵĵ֯ܶʹ
˫ʱͻȻ˵
жɳĮħţһ֮Ϊı顣
ЩһһȺ档Сȸ˫ۣĿʱúҲûԭȵļɼ˵Щеףһɻл˵ˣһɻɻÿŮʵʵڵһ֪Ůӱ

Ҳһ˿ɫ
û뵽ƽɳĮУһȺɻҲ򣬻ԳΪֱǲ֪νʹڣȳءûгдʹĵʵóȻĴţԲʲô¡˲㣬ͻܷɡ
أɲԭȵ硣
˵ɲǿЦġ
ҺĻǾԼ
ҳʲôôˣǾͿûʸʵν
ߣɶǣ⻨ȻҪǻͼı졣Ȼţ˵ͬһ֣ԵԣҪɻΪ󡣼ֱдҲԼƾһҲ򽫾⡣ֱ⡣
Сȸ¶ǿҵķŭ֮ɫ
ЩֱǷˣ쿪˵Ρ
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Ҫ֪ľǽȷ绨ѩĴ󽫾еһĹϵΣ˸ַĻɣһἤ󽫾ķԲڽСȵ档
ɳĮħŵʵҪȶԿһּʯͷԴˣһ
ԽȵʵɳĮħӦûʵԻвŶԡ
ͬ뵽һ㡣ԲڽȣƺܵɳĮħŵӰ죬Ȼһ档
ߣЩڽȻǽûа취ЩӣǱ޳ܡȻĴץһЩŮӣҷųЩŮ֮ԱץΪǽԭǽӦЩҪЩŮӶۣΪǻӦǵҪȻԷЩŮӡ
СȸеķŭȻǣУǺ޲ֱɱЩ
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΢΢ü¶һĨ⡣
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УЩŮӵˣǿн˻ľС
ʲôȻĪӰ졣
ԵһʯĳˣּıС˼ԶҡսϣΪʤǶĳӲҪ˵һЩŮӵԶҡǵ
ľͬΪŮӣûеŮġףЩŮӣһܴѣǻᾭʲôĿĥɶôµĺǽǳСȻ²ȣκξٶҲûж˿Զָ
ȻһȴܲǾĵǴζ޷ܿġ
һĳֲõĽ£ͱȻĵγһĥħ
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վʻţֱ뿪ȣһ·׷ɳĮħţ׼ħų׽𣬽ЩץߵŮӽ
ڵõľ뿪Ⱥ󣬻ȻųϢɳĮħţʻУľֱӵߣΪ
Ҳ֮ǰΪʲô˳ʱСȸŵԭ
ǽ񾭣һ紵ݶô˲䱩
ҪǰֱӵߣЩĪһ㡣΢˵
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ﶺһ󣬻һЩ˵СЩӣרŮ֣еİ࣬衣ǣֻһֱñҪáҲټһεһᡣ
˫ͻȻ˵
ƺܿһųҵĻȼա
㲻ȥħô
кĿ˫ѯʵ
ħǵٶȣӦ㹻ʱϵȴüޣħЩһȻˣǾûеŹ
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640 ҽ
֮ǰǾ˵ҪȥħޣֻǣʱСȸǻľû˵ֻΪҵĽڶѣпص˵ǣҲòţ¶֮ɫͬʱҲ˵ʵӵĿء
Ƕǿߣǲֱǰħޡ
ǿԸɳĮħţǶԣȻһ¡
ȻǻҪӾӪֱӵߣǲ⣬һ֣ȻɳĮħŴ˶ɢڻνߣĳĺܸȤ
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Ҳ뿴λеǿ߾ôħС
²öȰҪȥħޣвòȥɡңħҲδؾĿ档
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ɫ䣬ȴһּᶨƵ
Ȼ򲻵ѣǲ׸ĵġ
ѡȥҲûаաؼʱ̣ɿԱס
漴ٴν̸ϵر˵ţ̸УҲжԽһЩ򵥵˽⡣ݻľ˵ڽУӵϰľʿЩְҵˣսʿЩɽУֻһּĴ󽫾Ѿһɵ״̬
ûǳˣǲ׼κġ
ѾûйûмңûЧҵĶеģֻΪ˵һְһʧȥ˹ңʧȥЧҵľвãȻһĸܣͺʧȥ˷׼䣬ٴЧˡ
˵ǽȣʵһȺѾʱʧȥʧȥãľˡ

ڽ̸һ漴ӪпʼĬ
˫ĬĬתԪԪһΪǿϱԴľҲͬˡԼ䣬Űٻ֮㡣˲ԾҪеĸо
ʱһΣʱҪִʱ
ͻȻ䣬ֻһԵĻľ׵ľôʧˡ
Уе˵עûжΧй˿ķɣڻľʧһɲǣͲպϵ۾˲

Сȸɫ䣬
ãħŵֶΣǰħų֣õĶֹķĿֱӴߣϢһ˿׶ûУôƽ޹ʵʧһ˿ûСͱֱӴߡ
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Ŀɨӹȥ
ͻȻ䣬һ֣ŵץһ¡
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Сȸ¶ɻ֮ɫǽǵ˵
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һĨ⣬Ȼ˵
˼ǣЩӣһɳ滻ȥɳԭȵλãɳҲڽڵλϡ໥滻ͬ˲䷢תơ
СȸҲɵӣеУͷӦ
ȻֿܸоЩѣе磬κͨп֣ܳϡŹֵ鶼о֡ôĹ졣ľĿõ£ƤӵʧġֿٻѣҲòš
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п˵
СȸԥٳӪʡ
ˣȥңÿΪһӣҷֿңҵѶšΣҽЩҳһ
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磬ô׳һ˿ïʢ֦Ҷȵȡ
쿴Ǳߡ
ʿָź¶֮ɫ
ʶĿȥ
һܶ˺󱳶ð亹
ֻЩ嵽ߣ׼ˮϴ޹ոտߡǺУһɹˮų˳Ϊһֻֻľצ޹ץסžźȥһһ޾ô˽ȥ
ҲˮΪ㴥һ˲佫סС
ֻҪһеĹޣεľգۼ䣬ʧ
˲Ϣ䣬ȫкǺٴκƽ
Լ䣬ȴоƺڸոһɱУ֮ǰҪһ㡣еĺˮһ㡣ɼžĿ£ƲҲоκ
úܶ˿ʶһĭ͸ոգ޹ôˡһ˿֮ûУȫںС
ȫҪһǻɱˡκᱻɡɱ
ô죬ֲܽܿѵҪվֱվСҪôѰҳ·
ʿɫѾ൱ѿ
εɱ¾֪ħ޾紫˵еôֲڲ䣬ͻȻ١һһľп̺ſµɱʱв
쿴ݣϵĲݡ
죬ɵϣбܿЩݡ
ʿͻȻĺ
ϸȥԿԭϣ̲ݺ׵˲䱩ǣһƬƬҶӾ͸սһ裬ܿиķ˺ʮֿ¡
ܶվڲݵϵ޹ʿ׷ױ̲ûûͬʱܿѪ˸ҽϡȻЩѪһڲݵϣգ۾ͱյˣûѪζֻе㡣


645 
Ƭݵ˲䱩ɱˣ󲿷޹ȫ̲УиƬʿʩչͨʩչ򣬸ս̲ݵȼȴͱ𣬶ڻȻη壬ȴ޷ֹЩݡĲݵǰͺСһ
һ˾ͻϨ
һ棬һͨ˿ûжݺвնϵģ˲ٳյģ»ָЩ̲ݣ޴Ҷӣ紥ְ㣬ϯҪ̤еǿȥ
Щֲݣ˲Ϣ䣬߰㣬˵ٶȣƿռ䣬мֻڰеĹӲסԭУһҽ䵱
ڿ̤ģϾǿߡ
һ̣ȴЩҰݵԶָоԿ¡
УΣգûһǰȫġ
ƬԭŰƬ֮󣬷ųͣЪǵݣ»ָָԭһαȴôеޣʿʧ롣ʧ
Ҵߣʮָ֮
ùޣУκεطпܴΣգ֣ԭˡУǴ粽С
˫¶Ϊѿı顣
ҲΪĽǡ
Σգ֮ǰˣܻļʣѾ΢΢֮٣ǲܵģҪȻô˵ļžܲκεĺۼ
֮ǰǹˣҲ׶༪١
˭֪λܻܲ
õģνࡣεĵǣ޼£ѾħޣֻܾȥѰңδؾͲ֡
ƽ˵
ؼǣ̽ޡ
ڵǷڰУҲδؾİȫ
λѣȻп֮ǰ˴˲ʶ춼ħУǾͬһһϵƣĿܣǷֿУ˭֪һԼܻܲȥ飬Ӧۼ˵һ̽ħޣ߳ȥ뿪һ߿ܡ
ʱһȫںۣͷϴźɫˣһּΪ˻Ƶ˵
䣬һֶص˲ԾĶ˵ĻһθСԾһ˿׽
仰һʱҴһĶ
Ž̺ΣյĽˡͺںڰУϲۼһֻҪ߻ˣǶںڰĿ־壬ͻСöࡣĵ
λ˵ĶԡĲܣӦŽ໥䣬Ҳܷӳ֮ǰΣУģûߣȫϾǿߡȷѡ񡣡
Ҳͬ˶һ˼ƶ̣˼ƳħУҪסĻܻڵģߡһϣõѡ񡣡
ֻʣλѣٷɢĻ̫ͻȻֵΣգӦԡֲҽȥԭҲ׳һһ£ΰ졣ûʲôõ뷨˵Ҳһ£˵ҳ뿪İ취
ԿڰУʿֻа˸
⻹Ǽ˫ʣµֻ
֪ЩǿߣһʱͻһӶȥĲпᣬȫġ
ЩˣҲǰԵͷܻģȷʵʵϾǿߣң͵ĵƺһЩʮǿ󡣸ι̡棬Ҳͬеǿߡʵסʮǿ
ãȻ໥ʶһ¡Сһλ˫׵ͷϵ˵ҽ˫һ¡
Ҳ˵ֻ˵Լֶѡ
ã׵˵Ĳʶһ£ҽϾʿһӻ˵
Ǭһ˵
ãһŮҲ˵
죡һ߿˵
Ҷ࣡һ˵
࣡
ɫۣŶӣٴ˻ƵӦ
֪ʲôΰ졣ͻȻѯʵɫڸǲסһ˿־֮ɫոյĻ棬˵һ־޴ľšǻ棬ֲ̫
һУ̲סҪһ˿־֮ġ
һһ㣬ڻƽɳĮ˵ûддݳĹŹָлɱ˵ԭǺһ͸¶˴¡޾֮·ʮȥһΪһؼ䣬ûб֮أؼڣܷҵǶȥһֻҪҵǾܻųȥ
˻Ƶ˵
Уһ˿š
ţϣһһĴڣ֮أǾԲڵġκνԶԡ
ѣ֪ʲô⣬ʲô뷨˵
׵ͷࡣ
Щ˵Уܵĸо಻򵥣ȫںУĿѾԵüΪأңеţ¶˲һʿͷ־ʮּᶨ
У˲ԭǴ֣پǰĺУ֮ǰĸǴ﷢ģΪֹͬҪ̽ЩΨһѡ񣬾ǽЩյء֮ض
࿪˵
ȷʵоЩ򣬲ȥֻ棬ûа취ʵġ
һ仯һ԰סоһ־塣
ոЩطǴ𺳣ڶûɢ
ҪȥԣȻܵһ˿ܡ
Щطյأ֪ʲôõİ취ԼΣա
ƽ˵
ҪΣգһַ򵥣Ҳֱӡ˻˵
ʲôǺѯʵ
׳н
ƽ˵
׳н
һĨ⣬˵˼ǣֱӻٵЩطٵ֣ٵԭٵһΣյĶֱӴݻ١ĥˣȻΣաΣգҲΣռҳħ޵ܡ
ѾԽ뷨϶Ĳ²⡣
ҪԾԵֱӺƹȥ
ֿԣǷɣһδ֪
취δؾͲУԭɱˣǾͽԭݻ٣̲ȫɱˣǾͽľɱˣǾúɿݡ
ӸԴЩвȻûвô󣬽ֻƾǵҪݻ٣²׵顣
취ܶ۾һ԰취
ǣһ㣬ȷʵһֱӰǰ⡣Ҫһжǿ롣˵Ҳǰ˵ȫû塣
˵Ǵ֣ܼҶɽҪƻʵ̫ˣ˵ǿȥΣ̫󡣻һƻ
һ㣬жоһûס


646 ˮ
취Ǻð취Ҫʵʩס
ͨԣܲܽƬԭȼճɻҽ
ʱʿ˵ȻûףһҲδɡҪȻ˭֪ʲôΣա
ãǾѳһԡ
׵ͷͬ
ܳɲɹ޷ġ
ͨѻ
һּ䣬ȻԿһֻֻĻѻϵƾۣÿһֻѻǹ޴ſðĻ档
Ѫϡѻ
ԵϸвͬҲζţͬͨգչ¶ͬͨĻǿĻ棬ȻΪǿ
ѪĻ棬Ѫʮֿ£ƻǿңܽѪҺȼѪҺԽ࣬ԽǿͺѪҺȼͣһͻȼաѪԣ˵İԵûѪҺҲһԶͨҪԵǿĶࡣ
ǣЩѻǺɫģһѪɫġ˵ѪѻɢϢʮֿ¡
һֻֻѪѻɳѻ䣬Ĳݵ˹ȥһѪɫ棬ڲݵϡ
ǳʪ̲ݣѪǰɱ׵ȼ
濪ʼգʼӡⲻɢ
Ƭݵ£ճɻҽ
ЧЩҰݱճɻҽ
̫ˣֻҪЩݵطһգԭȵĲݵΣգͿ롣ѵĻѻͨȻѻգء
գЩĲݵȫյһȺ̺ħԵĲݵء
˿϶¶һ˿Цݡ
ֻûô򵥡
ȴû¶ֹ̫֮ɫ
Ҫħ޵ޣױƻĻǾ;ԲΪһءδػô˳õ˲벻ɵΪֹϣԭɴڡѾ˵е⡣
ˢ
ʵȷʵˡ
Ƭԭ·ܵԻв̲ݷֵڲҡڣһ˿˿̲ɢһ𣬾ȻһƬƳڲݵϿա

пʼ꣬£ʮּ٣ͺ˴ˮһң꣬ʮֵĹ죬ѻȼѪˮ£׷ױ
Ѫɲ׽ͨˮѪϣͬϽͣøӵĿ񱩳ҡˮ£ȴֻǱ𡣴Ƭôʧˡ
Ŀ죬ȥҲ졣
תۼ䣬еĻȫ𣬶ԭȱջٵλãٴۿɼٶȣµĲݵأȻʮϲˡ
·֮ǰĴ𣬸ڡûгֹ
һĻУһ϶¶˼ɫ
ҵѪ棬Ȼױʲôˮ˵
յҰݣ˲ָȻҪƻеһһľô׵飬Ұݶˡ
ô죬Żûа취ԭմҪδ޵塣
һȺɫǴ䣬Ȼ൱ѿ
Ļ棬Ҫġ
ˮ飬ղǰĲԭ֪ޣεȵĹ¡
ҾͲţħôֲǵʵһݣһնϣն
¶һ˿֮ɫ
ûгɣȻһֱͨӱ
ڷϡ磡
һɺڷϯڷУڵķУŷ裬㳯Ŵϯȥ꣬ƺҪһֱնϡ

ƺоΣգʱͿڴУҶ·һķɵźڷϯнײڷҶǼֱһ¾޴ľǽǰ档ڷܿ£ʯںڷǰεһ㡣Ϊĩ
ԴԴϵҶǽ£ȴ޷Խ׳ذ벽ױסҶ裬˲ͽڷ顣ѹȥֶ

пҲɰԵͷ
еһУƺǻ۵ġҪƻԲס
ô죬ûղԭ÷磬նϴ֡鷳ˣѵֻ
ɫ԰׵˵
ɫ䣬һ˿־塣
жȥģѾø΢
ΪոǵķпƿħصķҪȻвı仯ֹ¶Щطǡǡħ޵ҪڡƿЩܴħĴ˵֮ԻֹΪ¡ûгƻΪʹõֶβǿ
ͻȻ˵
˻ƵĻдһǿҵš
ոһֱڹۿţۿÿһιɵӰ仯
ʵˣǵʵҲûа취޲в֪Ρ޼¡ϴһ˿ɥҡͷ˵
ѿôãӦѾЩüĿ˵
п࣬һʼͷ֣⽭ಢ򵥣һصȡң֮ǰĿʼնڲϵĹ۲죬ϴʱĵͷƺĵá
׵ѣ֪֪ˮ
һۣ˵
ˮ˵ǿ֮֮һ˵
ˮ֮Ȼ֮Ѱլ֮ˡɸǧɫȻ˵˷ɢˮֹ˾֮ʹɢ֮ʹֹν֮ˮˮ֮ˮΪϣط֮÷ˮ֮סˮΪǳΪɽˮΪףΪطˮ㡣һشơȻ컯ȴֻ֪Ƿˮ֮ı󡣡
Уڷˮ֮¶һϡ
Ըꡣ
п˵
ˮ֮ʵ򣬾Ȼ֮ˮɵ֮תشơˮɲֻѰլ֮ơ֮󷨣ɸ컻أܷӳ֮ȴ֪󷨣ʵԷˮݱ
ˮȻγɵƣشƣȻɣ֮Ȼ컯󷨿ɸ컻أˮȴһˮˮȻǳǬˮκһˮǱ仯ʱ޿̵ı仯һȻתУһ֣ͽˮҲ˵Ƿˮơ󷨣شơ
㣬ħޣδԿһˮơһһľɽˮȫǷˮһ֡طˮأڷУˮСȴ֣ԭ졣
໺˵
ĿȴֱӶǰ
͸ģǰԼ䣬̺ա
ãȻˣҾ
ζĿһ۽࣬׵ͷͻȻ˵
йâһһ֣һ֮£ȻںϿաźȥ
ڽ뵽ˮкӱУֱӴݳǿ


647 ڶ
еĺˮȻȻĳźȥɵٶ֮죬ñĺ棬ӲγһУУÿһתĺˮֱӱУڻռУڵһʱ䣬ϵıɻ֮
ص֮֮תɻ֮ЧʾȻ֮ߡһٴ͡ⲻͨĺˮѵԾеĻȪ֮ˮ
иоɵĺˮͲͨĺˮ̺ʮ־ˣңӵмΪµϢĿ¡
ûа취ĺˮдһȥֻС£궼棬Բ˼ܹӵеĺˮ
еڿռ䣬˲Ϳʼǣš
ʮر𶯣˸ķġ
Ϊٳµڿռ䣬ñڿռ䣬ʼάڷԲǧĴСûдСǧ䣬Ҳûзɱ䡣ԽҪٴɱ䣬ҪԴԽӵľˡҲǺ˵ĵط
Ҫʵ̫ˡ
ڣˮ£ռ俪ʼڿռͬűǡңһֵţʮʮķȣš
֪ˮ̺εȾˣεȵӴ
תۼ䣬ռѾŵԲǧĴС
ͣǴ͡
һ˿˷֮ɫ
ҹݲʣ޺ƲˮһĪĺơ
Ķٶ࣬Ӷࡣ
һ㼫Ϊ졣
Ǻеĺˮڱɺ󣬾Ȼûпϵĺˮ½ļ󣬷·ˮ޾ģ̵٣ͻָ١ԴԴ
ǧ߰
ǧ߰ʮ
ǧ˰ʮ

ڿռȻţǼ䣬ܿÿһУɽɽ壬ˮݱɺСϪɽӡСʯӱɴʯͷЩ仯Ǹ컻һ㣬˿Ȼǿҵ𺳡
ÿһڿռУرԴǿ
һĻͬڽС
Ǹܲڲı仯ȴܿɺˮĻ档
һ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ı⣬Ӧһ챦ɵıȻɺˮƣɵٶʮ־ˡ
ܸо̺ʮֿ£һ൱ֲ˵лصΰܹݻһСȻֻǿһۣ͸оüΪСһʵ̫Ź֡
쿴Ϊʲô˴Ķеĺˮһ㶼û½̫ˡ
ʿĿʮ𾪣ĽҲпֻҲԱߣᵽ֣޷ʹãλһ塣Ųĥӡǡ
ķţ򣬱ȥҲĥбӡǡ
һеĸйٱøǿңвһ˿η
δûУֻǣʧɫƣֻҪɵӣ̺ܿǿ
ȻͨˣϵˣŨĿ£ңȻ޷ֻ֮̽ܿࡣ⣬ݣǼ򵥡
һУĿ⣬Դһ˿أǿҵȤ
ʱơ
ڿռӲŵԲǧһٶ๫ʱͻȻ䣬ֻһ׵ĳ֣һʹںϣһɾ˵ΰ汬ֲӲӺбɳȥǹĸӲ֮һ
ͬ˸գǧ㣬ɳȥ
ֹ̣ʹõûеôֲңڵڿռ䣬Ȼһأ£ֻ̫ҪʱŻᷢӳذѹ֮£̫
ʲô
ںжǶһȻӺгǴ͸ͨĴûʲô⵽ô¡
ˣж
һĻУʱɫһ䣬¶˿˿֮ɫ
У⻹ǵһοпĴڣң⻹пҵħµԭ
ˢ
ͬڵһʱ䣬˻ֱսС
Ŀͬٿ
֪ʲôѵǴ˵еħ֡ÿзһ૵
Сġ
˫ʶ̤ǰһǰ档ֻѾУʱ׼ɱȥ
ȻؼڣȻδǷˮƵ֮δؾǳڣҲпͨΣյĴš
ͫеĿøӵ䡣Ե쳣졣
˿Ծһ˿

УԿһƾճ֡
쿴ʲô¶֮ɫ
ǴоȻдǬǾȵָд˵
׹ǣãҿҴȫɰ׹ǺɡǴϣˡҶҲ˵ϸֳһ˿԰ס
ҴںϣǴӺ£ǴӺһ˳ġ
·Уͨĳ֮ء
⴬˵Ǵ˵ۡǺܴվһɫۣͷϴźɫңһŸˣԱ߷һֻôϣУһȦȦתź
䣡
ҲоһּΪµ֮һֺҪĸоѵǴӵ߳Ĺ
Һоܵظȥ
˶оŹֵôֺܿе¶½ң½ٶȼ졣˲Ϣ䣬½롣˱ĵز
⺮ȻңǰоûмǴǴڴֱʱ
ͬоʮŨͨطֵܹġ
˿ûж̫Ӱ죬һȻıɽȥǿԴ׳ϡ
ⲻˡ
һۿгֵôԼվڴϵӰֱ϶ж
˭ȪˮȪ
ôĳ֣ϵȻʧǵӰҲУ̧ͷڶ£ȻԿһŴŲɣĮףʮ꣬Ƿһۿȥ͸һּΪ̵ӡ
˭
΢΢üǰˣϣоκͺһңڤڤָо̺żΪµһԼδܻ뿪
ڶˣ
̧ۿһУƺֳһ˿ɫ˵㾹Ȼߡ˵ţĬһ£˵ȻߣҾ͸һѡ񣬿Ҫϴ
Уκε
һּΪӲϢ
ϴΣϴΡ
пһôѯʵ


648 ɻȪ
ϴԶϴڶ̧ۿУ˵
˼ǣϴпܻȥ
ץ仰̺⡣
Ҳ·£ħ޵ֹ죬˵ĻԶոջֻǲųУ˭֪ȥлŶٵ֮˵ŸµĶֻڻûгֶѡ
ҪˣȥǾһ
صڶһ뿪Ļͬǳδ֪˭֪ὫǴȥڤء
ഫطΪڤΪ䣬硣ȥ飬Ǵսᣬ䣬һµĿʼʹߣ磬ȥꡣԣֱ֮Ϊڶˡ˵Ӧþһˡ
ͻȻ˵
ȷʵ١
ڶ̧ۿһ۽࣬Į˵޷ˮ֮Ƿˮʦ޷ˮСزۡ˵۹ʮֶ
ƺһ֮Ѿݡ
ˮʦ̺ŶصζںܶǿУǺڰеָ·ơ׾ȷǵݣȻԷˮʦͣҪԼݣͬѣǳ̫࣬ǺѲġڶȴһۿ
ɴ˿ɼʵɲ⡣
ǽҲ̫ܶãҪҪϴԼ
ڶ̧ۿգޣĮ˵
ɫ䣬ƺޣһ˿ɵ
Ȼϸ۲죬Ƿֲ˵ġϣҲκεı顣
ȻڶˣǸڶͬȵĻɲУ⴬ϡ
һȻ˵
Ѿ¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
ȥģҲȥġ˫ԥı̬
ϴǰһ䣬ǰƬ޵˶ȥˣûҴߡ
ͻȻѯʵ
ûУǡ
ڶЦЦ˵
Ѿ˵޵Ŀ¡һյ㣬硣͵Ҫӭ
ϴ
ǰһ̤ٳôϡ
ô˵Ǵʵۣ˵Ƿӣɸֹͷɵһ÷ӡƮˮϣֵޱˡܿ渡ֵͷǣն̤棬΢еģﶼᷢëԵ
־塣
˿Ҳԥĸ̤
ϣǵʵδ֧Ŷãпܣȴľ̤Ϸӣ˵ȴһ
һаȫ̤ô
ڶ˿Ҳû뿪һӣʱôСеתϵתǰһΣǻص棬Σֱӽס
Уͺһͨڵ
ôתٶ̫죬һ·£ݳһɿֲƺҪֱӴӷǿ˦ȥ
ҡ
ԽԽǿȻ䣬Ϳ˫ŴӴշ˵Ǳֱ˦ȥ˦ȥһɲǣϾ֮ɫɼһ˦ȥ뿪Ҵ³Ժòȥ
һ
ץס
Ҷгһޣּͽסס
챻סˣôԸٶȥʱӿֲҶһ˦ôӴϷ˳ȥ
һĻʵ̫ˣ쵽жӦ
ôɢòƴʩչǧ׹˫ôճһ𡣲ϵĽжȥά˦ȥ
ҪˣѾ
ֻ˱˦ȥڶ˿Ծǣȴûг֡Ƥûգһ£˱˦ȥУʧ
ܻܲѾû˿֪
ԣܡ
Ȫ·ʬǣɣɣ
ʱڶ˷һ̾Ϣ
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ϸȥǺȻǸոձ˦ȥҶˡ
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ǵı飬ʮִ㶣Ȼһ¶״̬Уûлָǡ
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תۼ䣬ѾУǰҰҲſϸȥܿһޱߣ಻޷߼ʣ޷֪ľ޴ǰ
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649 ʬ
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룬һĵЩʬЩ֮صʬ廹ҪҪƷʬǳΪʬļƷǰʱܵǡ
ЩʬԺԼãųۣŽ򱦵УʿһѵõϡƷֻҵõϡΪ
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ĺöȻҪһ֡ǻȪеʬ޾ʤ޷㣬ҲҪȱһЩԴá
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Ǵ˵е滨ֻе滨κεطֻһѪĻ䡣


651 ˰
˰ħᡣ䴫˵ԸͶĻ䣬ħǲأǻڻȪ·ϣħ̣ͬڴ·ϣ뿪˽Ļһָ밲οŮеħϲֻѩɫѪɫı˰ͬ޻ʢ֮·ɳڵ֮;ͬǴҲϣ
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˵˰ǿڤ˰ѪһѤʺĻлҶȹȴǰ֣һ˱˰޵ĻԵ˰һǰ޻䣬˵
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һ֣ȴŻȪе÷ӶȥȻѾ޷뿪䣬䣬걻ߡ
˰˵ֻǱѤഫʥ鲻Ҳһͻޱҵ𡣵ȼһҵ顣֧꣬ŲסҵȼֵܵסҵϮйԹµֵҵҵ֧ŹȥҪֵҵʮѡ
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ûԥһ֣ͽָȡС
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652 ҵ
ᣡ
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ҵøʢѪд󣬷ա
ÿһѪ⣬ڳſҽĿʹࡣѪⶼҪҪڻѪҺҪҵ޿ײ룬ûκֹӵһڤڤеĸо
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ȻڻƽɳĮϰôƽɳĮģ͹Ӵʻ⡭ѵа취ء
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ǲĿԴӻƽɳĮǰƳǣ

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ЩҪȻ˿ᡣ
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Ҳ˶ʿʵǿҪȻҲֵסϮ
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ﾹȻ۹ʱúܶҪȴ޷ŵдϲȼϣ
ۺ㶨ҵйعĲ֡
񺣾Ʒ۸һöңƷöһǧöƷһǧöһöƷһöʮö޹ǰ뷢ħġһ򣬵õк󣬹ͻʧ
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ѾԥóңĹ
ЩȻҪħĵġ
ңֻһûа취ڶˡҲ͸¶Ҫˣвܽóۡ
ϰ壬֪Щղա
ڴռѣƷʱ
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ɽҵһֹһּڼڣЩӣ㣬ԳԣֱܵһϣԳܶࡣЩֳ
С̧ͷᶨ˵
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666  ɱ
Ҫ뿪ɳĮǰƳǣǸٴĴҶԸ⣬ɳĮ̫Σգңϡȱʺ档ʱҪǿϮѪÿÿӶ࣬ΪѪʳ̡е֪ͬж١
ǰѾޣгѪ壬ɳħ壬塣ҪнȵЩ壬ֻͱɱһգɾнȣҲû취ȫ壬ɻࡣҪǰƳǣǸöá
֪ҪôܵõǰƳǵ֤ͨҪ뿪Ļʲôķʽ뿪ڻƽɳĮдԣɳĮУһּΪµȺľɳĮУһصĹŽڽһЩǷĲ¡һѣͻռƽɳĮҪôҪôҪؽȡ
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ֻһɶߣɫëȴɢѪе
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ɫѪҺϵ䣬ոյͱѪɡ


668 ͷ
ǱǽҶڳǽϣұһԲưոݣҸһŹǡңֻҪǰǶҪȫҪ
ƽڳǽϾɲ֪ǳìʲôϸȥƺ볤ìŲС𣬿һڵĳ
ϣڳǽϣôʼûа취ѳȥԽ˿ѪԽ࣬ʹԽӵǿҡ
ƽȻͯɵѪߣײǷףСԶʮּͣĶսǿߡ
ǱڳǽϣϲϵѪûзҽҲûٷڱ¶Ǳɻݣûкһ䡣
˵һԲңҲ嶪ұһѪһҪٱǧĻ
Сƽзŭ
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˾ԣҪҵҲӦǷ㲻ҷҲӦҵطŬǿŶԣӦöŽȲŶԡ
ƫƫʮƶ˾һȡ
ԡ
ԺһʱֳһͷǴ˾Ŀ겻ǣǽȣǽ̺ıɷ֮ǽĹսҪ⴦ɷ֮ǿҪսг˯Ĵ»ѡ
ɷ֮أͬؼΪµ֮ء
ľʿˡǴ˾ʵһռݽȣ׾Ϳ۳һֲ֧Ĵɱɷ֮ٻĲ飬ǿɲͨ飬ʵͨ飬ǿ̫࣬ȫʮĲࡣʵǱԶѰǿޱȡɷԴﵽǹĵز
˵ͭҲΪ
ıأԴ˾ȻҪռݣһռݣ̽ȵ⣬ϱǿɳ뷨࿹⡣
ֻᣬԴ˾ǻۣǲ׷ġ
ûгԹ棬ΪĿꡣǲκθĶҡڱصõıء
Զ׼ǸӲ뿪ȣԾ˶Կʥصıء
Ϊһ˾ͷıأǼֱǿЦ޻̸֮Ĳ˵Ҫռݽȣȴһֳ˵
׵ѹȻǹˡ
Ǽ̲סһۣͷ˵˵˾뷨İŮ͵飬鱩¶󣬱̵ַƳľӡڵ£óˣҲҪҹĥܵʹࡣΪ½ںϵԭ򣬷ӡɶ˾ѾҪ
ڻƽɳĮУһλռʦԤԣ̫סʯɳϯɳĮմľʼ㡣ڤиȽȼս𡣡
ѩػ˵
Ԥռʦ˵ռʦܿˣԤδδ飬ռʦģǽս죬Ѫɺӡϯķ
ֻռʦԤԣδؾܴʵᷢ
΢΢ü˵
ԡ˰ԡݹȽд١ռʦԤԣıϡٿ˵
һ˵нȻţֶΣõͬĽǾͲɺϣһδпܻᷢ顣
ϢֻĴ󽫾ĸǲ⴫ģǺϢݳȥֻţֻǣռʦԤԣѾһΧ
ֻʱģҪ˶ãȻᱻ֪
ǵĿģҲΪ˱ǴǿʵνĴ˾սһǴ˾ʲôͣҪռݽȣǻҪǴ𲻴Ӧ
˭ҪѪһĴۡ
ǵİֻɣ׵ѵĵǴ˶ǿսֻҪþнʿװЩʤİգֱߵ߳ɡ
ɫƶ˵
սû˭˵ԼһӮһԻʤ׼ٳ֣ҲǱһǿƶѣʤĿܣӼɡս˲Ϣ䣬յĽֻս׽һ̲֪
ãǰ׹սǸַսսǷըжżΪӴĴ֧κһս
Ц˵
Ҳ¶һ˿ɵɫһ൱ĺϢ
ˣȻⱾҪǸӦǮƱĻֻҲΪм˵
ȻǹƽףȻõⱾ⡣һ㣬ǻȻҽȱûУмزӦ֧Щʵļ۸񡣡
ѩؿ˵
ǿɲǿǿ
Ǽͷͬ
Ըꡣ
Ҳһ˿֮ġ
ڽеزǺ档
Ҳûԥ׵ͷֻһ֣һɳսѾϡսףǰĸ
ȷʵǻɳɣֻǣֻǻɳսУпԸо̺һֶصͬĽưϢѾǷ̺սס
ɳսףɽ¯ɣģǲֻ֪㹻ĻɳŽȥͻֱһɳսףǿңս׾ɳ֮ͨսϣᱻսɳ֮ȡùƻֱӴԹмǿ֮ϣϡбӦߵ塣
ָǰսףֱ˵
ƽƷսף̺ɳơ
УȻֳһѶϢ
սףȷʵǷѾƷսס̺ơѾ൱˼顣
ֻлɳǲս׵ġ
϶ĳֲΪ֪ʴڡҪȻһѻɳսס
澿̺ʲôвȥ
ıԲܵõܹս׾㹻
ƽƷսףɳƣս׵ĻһսףҿԸöҵļ۸񡣡΢󣬸ۡ
κʱ򣬷ķսףҪͬ׵ıǿԱģǰǮƲʲô⡣
ãԡ
΢ʹӦ
˵ʵڣ۸񲢲ͣ׹սҲƷսƽƷսҲֻһöҡ˵Ʒ󣬶ʽıսסʮּɣ۸ȻܹȥѾ൱ļ۸
ɳս׽ȵףȻеۡȻͽ۸
ǱɷѪɽŨɷ֮۶ɵĽᾧѪɷ̺Ũıɷ֮ʿ˵ҪղףɶԾнʿԣȴõĲƷձɷ֮ΪӣǴǽжص䱦
ѩóһöɫľ壬潻֯ŰɫЩͺǸֵһʮءɷɼġ
̺ıɷ֮ʮӴ
ھйԣֱĲƷ°빦
öҪܵõЩɷѪƳǣþнʿõһξ޴ҵŷǵΪ˶ͻͽıݴ
һпһͷ
һǿǿֻһǿǿֱӵı֣ǾӡǾеĽ죬̵ʱڣɳǶһ档
ЩɷѪҿԳһǧöһöļ۸չ֪λó١йϵ˵Ŀɨš
۸̫ͣǧöһš
Ǽҡͷ˵
̫ˣȻǱɷ֮۳ľʯоԣһʿղˣֻܳ۸ˡɣһǧöܸļޡ
г˵


673 ʱ
κƷбļ۸
ٵļ۸ǾͿ˫˴˼󣬾ʹű˴ּۻ۵ı£ĵȵȣػһƷļ۸¸ие͡ÿһУͬһƷļ۸Ҳֲͬ
ɷѪҪȻޱȣͨʿȴǺôУҲ޷ǿΪսֻھнʿ
СҲţһľԡ
䱾мļֵʮ
ִ£һǧöҵļ۸Ѿ൱
ȻⲢеλҪǳһöһöľأѾùվλòͬü۸øֶֺͣΪء
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Ѫɷ۱ɷ֮ɽǱɷ֮Ũ㹻ÿһʿ֮ãʹñɷѪ޼ⶫУǵòеô
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Яҿһ֣Ӵ𾪵ĵز㡣ټ֣֧ȥңԲܳЯ֮⡣
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׵ѣǿּˣʱһ£û뵽
ľȻһЦУϲ
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һ£
ľĻԺһɻôһûǲŷֱѡôһӾͷֱһ¡
ڵһʱ䣬ܵľһֲš
ϾͽֿƷΪǲܵģԻľıԣƭûеҲû塣Ҳ˵ľ˵ӦġԼľҲġ
ľûѣҵľҲûм٣ʱȴƫƫȥһ£ΨһĿܾǣ֮ǰͨħ޽أĲ䣬䡣Уռʱ䶼в죬һ£пһ졣ڷغ󣬲Ż˴ʱ졣
Ժпתͷ
ΨһڵĿܣҲпܣʵ
磬ʱ
ͺñȴ˵Уһ죬һĴšпܣǲǴţʵڵһʱࡣ
ֲ𡣲ᣬ޷׵ġ
ʱǶݣ仯
ͺñڻƽɳĮ˵һˣİˣµĺۼͲܱ࣬ߵĻ仯޷Ľ綨ȻʱţҲûڵһʱо
ЩͷֻԺпٵתһȦȴû¶ֺ
ûд׶˵Ͼ漰ħޣпȪأô˵ȥ⣬ħӦôһͨͨǲͨû֪ˡ
뻨ٴμ棬Ҳĳҡ֪ɳĮħŵô
ƽѯʵ
ɳĮħŵٹ죬Ȼ֮ǰץһۼҲֻҵǵһݵ㡣ս𣬲ɳĮħŵû̫ʧǻûץˣץߵЩŮӣѾд뱻¡ڽڡ
ľᵽɳĮħʱü䶼ɢһֱɷ
һͨʵΪ滻ֱͨޱȵĶģҪɱʵ̫ˣûֶͨɱǳ䲻⣬һɱʩչκͨĻᣬȻͬУҪɱѡ
̫ͨѲףɱȴѡǽնУҪȻʱΪҽ飬ռһЩԽյıȵȣ壬Ըֱգͨι죬벻˿ռĽޡ
гĽ顣
֪׵Ƿнյı
ľ۾һڴĿС
ȻУһö챦ֻһԵ챦ΪշֻҪʹãԽԴսڽУ޷գ޷գ޷ͣһпռ֮ȫѹǻĻöҿԳ۸㣬۸񲻷ơ
룬гһöɫ
һöǵڴֱʱץȡһ챦ֻһԵģÿɲСõĺãȻŤתս֡Ҫá
ձ£ǿռŶܵӰ졣
һԵ챦ʮǿġ
ȻҪǿռƷ״ﵽһεĻձҲ޷׽ᱻֱӴսǿƿաȥ
ձܽգһһԽѹ﷽Բա̫ˣڣǻ滻ͨεĹ棬һҲӲ
ľö϶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ѾȲˣ⻨޵
ξȻŮӣЩɶ̣ˡʱĻ棬ֻо֮УЩŮӾδĿʱоһʹ
аԷģɱɳĮħŽĲݡ
öձɱĻᡣ
ձռ챦һ챦۸ҲߣһöĻҲҪһöҡмУ챦ֻۣ챦챦ƽ˵
һö
۸񲻿νߡһԵ챦ʹ󣬾ͳûˡҪľֻǣûҽ׵Ĵ㣬һûľĬ


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ͬƷУ챦ļֵߵġ
ȫƷ׵ĽޣѾ׿Ժ㶨۸һֱ
챦ڵɢظأпԿ϶ԽȵǾԲܻû챦֡ȵӰռ챦
ǽһЩò챦ȥȡõ챦
ȻĻ챦㿴ϲʡ
ľ˼һ󣬴Ӵóһ챦
ϸȥǺȻһصĽ
⽨һŹֵĴĸ¥ʽ񣬶ƺԷ˰޽С
ֻһۿ˸о⽨У̺ϡʮ

ʲô챦
ĿãʱǿҵȤ
κν챦õģÿһв˼ƳǶԣ챦ȻԽԽãÿһһε̵ӡĺãȫ𵽵ʮӳ
һ֪࣬ӦֻǼԤشƵĵط
ľ˵
ܷӳʲôãҲǺֻ˵ѣһţֻһѣǽ֡
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κУǱزٵĻ
ڻʷϣְλ˵ضҪƹ۲ƶ
ءϳ̫̫ʷʱʡ̫ʷܣ쾵۸ĲΪࡣƳ̫ʷΪ̫ʷ֣ȸĳ󡢻ԺǼȵ֡
ɣǻжǼķֵȵְ
ܶʱ򣬼죬Ǽ룬Ҫ滮ƶÿ޵ʿǴ֮ڡڵмӰ죬ۡĵҪ
ھȻôһ챦
ȫţӦְλ챦ܲɷֵϵ¾ûϵҲܷ
κ챦һ޼֮
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ãǾͽɣ챦ҲûʲôôȡҪƷҪġ
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Уõõġǿ챦ռԵ챦ȻһԵģֻҪɱһеĸֵõġ
ûгɣҲû⡣
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ͬʱлѻɽʮöҡûѡôֱӶԷܿյϣӲӵңͺһСɽһӲӣ˵Ŀ
˲Ծ
ǷѩڿʱҲ¶𾪣඼ʶֹͣӡ
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ڻƽ챦
ˣҲޱȣ޷һȥ֪ʦռʦǰռİʵ̫ˡԸֱ۵Ŀתǳá
ġ
ö챦ҽдôòϣȴޱҪڡʽף׬ˡ
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ȫһ챦ںϸ֮Ӧ챦ɱÿһɱ䣬Ƕһιܵɱ䡣
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һʱͻ챦׽ؽףҪٷ챦ؽ׽ף͸ѣҪļ챦ſԣȫµġϵƷ
Ͳһġ
У֮ǰļ۸ҲҪһʾʡ˾Ȼ˵кܿ£һľҲ
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йزϯϢΪĴ󽫾֮һĻľȻܻ᲻
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ãҴӽȹɳսɷѪһ֧ҡй־ʣҲֻҽнסȻЩ鷳ƳǳƶĹֻء
Цŵͷ˵
飬ż׬ͷ棬Ȼ
漴ûԥٵҲڿٷԸԸǰȥʡ
ɲСĿ
׵Ʒʵ̫ˡ
ɳսȻ٣ףҲҪʱġ۵Ĵ󲿷ֿɳսףͶ뵽εĽ
ֽף˫Ĭ£еķɿ졣
ڶ̶ʱڣһʿ
Ĵռ޵ģʵʣҲֻôһδε͡
ռ㡣
ɳսĴ󽫾һóһ򸱡
ÿһöңöҡ
ɷѪĴ󽫾óʮöʮö۸һǧöڵҡһʮöҡ
֣֡
˵ʵڣ֣ЯңҲͱһЩѡ
ڳܷΧ֮ڡ
ʾ˵ĲƸ䵽ʱǵǣڲе𶯿֪ҪȫӵУɣһҹ䳹ױ
һֶĿ顣
ǲᶨĻ˵ҪռΪСװ鳹Ժ
ڣǵǻ൱ᶨġ
õǮƺͿʼĹ־ʡ
׹ս׹ս׹սìķķըַս׹սǰ׹ǶƵȵȣȫǲɹ֮ڡ
ʴӺ˳ֱʿٰߡ


875 ս
ǸߴʮڵӴס
֮󣬱֮̽׵ĹģҲѷɫԸʱнȴʵʵסڽУӴֵתڽƳ֮ˣУ˫֮˶õ
ͨĺô໥ġ
תͺˮһ಻ԴԴϡ
ԴͷǸ罫ȣƳǡ
ҾǺӵ˾ˮӵˮ˫
һ໥ã໥
˫档
ֻǣΪҵķзƳǻõĺôѡԴԴϣ˷ڼ
Ǯʵ̫ˡ
Ĵ󽫾ڲɹҪĴʾʺ󣬼ÿУɴǧöҵӴ֡ڵӴ֡ЩвûǿǹԼƷ˼
⽫ЩС
ڽУһڣȫԳΪңռЩνҵгӱҡ
ԹһǾӱҡ
Ϊʲô֪ӱҵļ۸޷ȵģƫƫҶʹӱңңΪʲôΪһϵĲƽ⣬ıʹ
гϳӱңӱҹһƷҹͬƷһϵĲƽͻƾʲôӱңԹһĶԼǮȴ࣬УһʧһȻ󲿷˶ʹңʹӱңģʹӱҡ
гȻȻͻŤñ
һƣɺѧ飬ɻѧãǾһӵ顣
֮Բӱҵ飬ؼһ㣬ǣҼֵڱ䶯ġļֵǸġӱҽлȡ档
ҪģþңֱӱҲǾҵĻгϵ
ؼһǣҵļֵǺ㶨ģǺ㶨ġ̺ͬģҲǺ㶨ġֻҪ㶨ֵԶ䡣
һĸӼֵ㶨ʹŻҵıֵռǲġֻҪͨȻԵõ򡣵õյӰɴ
һӴгУѾõгĳǾ޴ġ
ֻҪ´ʿգ׼ȡеȫԱ֤ͨʱӳá
һְ취ֱӽң͵κκεͺˣһȫԱ֤Ҵģͨ»Ϊңҵÿ
аԳ
뷨ʼվʹڣֻԣδЩ̫ѡʲôԸ浽硣뷨ֻеȵƳǱ㹻ǿſ
ҪȻֻƳռݵĽԽԽ󣬲Ͻɢȥ
ɽ׺
ĸһһ͡
⽫еĳӣǾеĴӪ
⿳ķȻ㲻ϳ뻯ףﵽʳ﷢ĵز൱ζһ٣ԵɳĮиϡʳġ
ɳĳ⣬ȵɳͷ­еĶԣиϡʳģʮˡҲڵʳϸΪ֮˷ܡ˲ٵﵽʮĲΡ׶ֽһ
ûжӽ뿪
еıɷ֮Ȼ޷̫ˣȻ򣬴УȻһֹų֮ǲڡ
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ƣͺҰԭһ㣬Ʋɵ
˵ûУ˵ǧϾҪӭһοµѡɳĮеĴ˾˵ѣһѵĻͻϯޣˣ飬ɲã顣
˵ϢǴһռʦдģռʦܿ̽࣬пδһǣϯޣŰڲ䡣
ռʦ˵ҲѼ٣һ춯صĴսϣЩҲûյĽôġ
ˣֻǾһûԵģһɱ׵壬һʱͻᱻɱѾȫˣԣ޶ȫǻƽɳĮʼȫ
Щʱмʶһֿ־֮ɫ
˵У˾Ƿµĵ֣Ϊ뷨͵ɱ뷨Ŀɳ𣬲죬ѣһѪȷ磬ȡԿⷨǿʵ
Ǵţ˾ֹͨطŷܵõĴࡣ
ڻƽɳĮУЩһֽɡ׼䣬û˭׽ҿ
ȻҲִš
ڽڣȴû˿ĶҲû˿ڱҥƺĬִԵĴڡ˿ֹҲû׷˭ȥ
Ϊ£治ס
ݣ˾ʱ̣
ʱ̣Ѿν˾֪֪
֪Ļǽ⿴
֪ȨǽȲͳߣֻǱӻߡǰ֪ϢҲãȫ޵ʱڣܵԶǧޡǰӰȫĵطһ㣬˵ӱ˿е֪ѡ»뿪
ѡ֮ǾҪΪѡ

˵ƽɳĮмһս
ȴ˵ƳУͬǰϡСƽɱѪϡһıȴ޷ƽıֻܱܣɣ޷ƳѸٵĳɳ׳ıٶ
ھС
ߵؾаֱ߳ңòǾֹ뱾
̧ۿգǱ¶һĨЦһȺС治ӲƳǷâͿʼʩչЩıֶΣΪͿԴݻƳǣ¾ôֱǳ˵ΣΡƳ΢ĩһɱ¾𡣡
ƳǰηսҲẦսᡣû˭ıѹУҲû˿¾ƳǡƳУûث֡˭ҪսǾս
ҪСƽ䣬ǾѪһս
аĻƳлص·һעȻƳΪģ糱ˮɢԴԴϵɢ
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תۼ䣬ԲǧԲ
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˵һ󷨣մ󣬴ԽƷһλֱӴ͵һ˲ϢԽǧңഫؼ䣬ķţռţȫ뵽У̤ȥͿԴͳȥѵǴš
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ܿںڷ籩Уɳײ䣬Ȼγһڵ磬ڷ籩д
Ѿͨĺڷ籩ǳԵ֡
ÿµĺڷ籩ȻˡվڽУһĿصĿǿµķ籩
ҾͲţһƨ˾ҲܻءδؾͲܵסη籩ѩЦ˵
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䣬ͻΪһɫ𣬹УŰ·һ޴硣

ڻУͬһ̳̳ϣľȻ̤ϣתΪһͨ쳹صķɫؼ䡣ڹУȻԿڷ裬ͬٻţѤޱߡ
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ﵽһֺŵĵزˡ
£
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һ𣬹УȻԿһ֣ɢ¹⣬˷ɢݳȥ
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һֺĵ·˴˼ϵš֯һȻͻΪһ貵ĹĻؼ䡣
Ļڣңͣپͳ˷ţӲĽһڡǹĻѤޱȡ


680 籩ϴ
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ܶտҲһϲ
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ܶ˶ʼŶˡ
ҪĻܷסڷ籩
󷨣
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ĸڵΪۣݻǵȻִ֧ģ󷨣ֻΪ۵ĴڣԪڽתΪһתվԪΪ绨ѩĴ
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ڷ籩ϯٶʮ־ˡգۼ䣬ͳǰ뵽С
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ڣУһͬôңޱܼ˿ͻ֣ᷢڣڱ䣬貵˾ȡ
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ȻԺڷ籩Լķͨͨڷ籩ɱ䣬øǿս۵ķȥδƿսʵ̫ǿˡɳ磬ҲƲս۵ķ
ʲôǿߣʵǿ󵽺εȵزԾ޴˵زںڷ籩Уᵲ籩ڷ籩øǿ콾˵е콾
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սۣûǿǳܲģȻһ֮Ƴ֮С
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΢΢Գ


682 
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ڣڷ籩Ҳʼϵļ

ĵٴʱյĺڷ籩Ȼɢʱһͻͬʧ
ߣսκڷ籩еõϴǧԴǣ֣ͨͬУ˿ɱңֻɱˣûɱҡڲܡԴ˾ʵĳɫ
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ڳŹȥˣ֪ʲôѡľ¶֮ɫ
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ڷ籩ѾܿεĴ٣ֻ²öԸûеô򵥡
ܿԭȵޣĻɳǣǻɳҪһ׵飬ڷ籩޲Եƻ
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683 ټ޵
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ѡѡʱڲһͬڿѡ
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㣬㣬㡭ȥʤ
ͭУȻɢһΰڹһȻԿֱ̨Ѫ⣬ڡ
ϸȥһһŰɫ˿ĸߴľһɫʬһ޴İ׹ޣϣȻԿһĹǴ̡ǿ¡һۣŷȵĸʬѾǸʬһʬסһλȻý
ǿֵ߱һ˲䣬Ȼշڶ̨ϡֹ̣ƺɼֱӱ̨ȡȥ
ǵϣȻȻһӡǡ
ڶ̨սӡǡ
ӡǣʹŲ붷ʸ
Ҳȥ
ѡѡ󣬶̨ͬ⣬ֱӽֱסâһٴγʱѾ̤ڶ̨ϡ
ϸȥ̨ϵĿռ伫Ϊ޴
һۿȥȫκɱս
վһˣеվһˣԶ˴ңң
˴˼䣬ȻȻɢһǿս⣬ײһΧĿռ䶼ݳɱѹ֡
飡
ڲһȻԿɫʬǰһ̤ڶ̨롣
ȴһڳɫڵ϶ɢһ
̤ڶ̨ϣĿĿеˣȻڵȴӦս
һ߸ʬѣĳն㡣
Ŀãйصһᣬǰһ̤˲䳯Ŷ̨ϳȥųƣصĳǾ߳ɫʬնȥ
һԵף硣
һǡﵶս𣡣
Ϊ£Ϊʱ⣬ˮ쵽¡
һܿսĿ̺ս⣬̺ɷݺᣬκĿõߣ᲻뵽貵Ĵսʱ
У̺⡣
һ쵽׽й켣һնѾǰ
ഫʥµľǰڵһʱͱնףǲֵǵٶʵ̫졣


687 ֫
ɫʬܱ˾㽫붷̨Ȼͨ顣
ǸʬеļƷΪϸʬˣЦǳʬɳĮУؼ̫Ĵڵһˮݣɸʬһ̣䣬汾Դѳϣ̺صĳʬ
֮ǿԷһС
ڵָʬ´󲿷ͨһа֮ûκáңƿس֮𡣴ǣΪǿ
ûнʬĽӲٻ
Ӧٶȼ졣
һΪʵѾﵽϾ
ƺгɫ˸
ֱһӣɫʱ趯߰̽ᣬǰγһɫĶǽڵȥû¶ֺ

صն۶ɵĶǽϣɫǣǽϲ·ʱ̺ȴ˿ȹصѷɫһɫĻ˳ŵٳŹۿϯ̺ĵ⣬Ҳڵһʱ䱬ǳɫǿĥ
ΪС
ͨصϷ
־
ͬһֲϵͨ죬Ե

ڳʬмֱֱͬһס۵ĵһγɵĶǽ˲漴߰㣬ͻȻڹص֮ϡֱһһҪصӹжߡ
һۣȻҲսһɱʮַḻ
ڸо֮󣬺ԥ²͵ǰ̤ȥûпܣ˳֮صųʬһ˳ȥ
һٶȼ죬ͬʯ
ӦĻᶼûУصѾһֱӴ̽ڡֱࡣеһɲǣһĵѾıڳʬڴƻ
ԵԽ׽顣һ
ã
̫ˣؽȻһУǸʬҲҪ
һս˵Ŀ⣬ɱͬڵʯ䣬磬һ˲Ҫֳս֮ϣûʲôֻҪпܣһоһɱɱС
ϵɱֶΣȻ
ҵᣬͺıɱˡ
һĻôյкãʶľҪ
Ȼһ룬ȴʬǱߣ¶һĨ֮ɫȻðһɫ棬ţһųɫĻ档
ڲڵĹص˿û⡣
ǰһˣһˣ쵽ˣ仯֮죬ǹ۶ûбܿʬĻֱϡֲĳʬұֲȻ˲ͽ۵ȼճɻҽ

ص׹䣬ڶ̨ϡ
ֵһŻҽȻճɻҽ
ǻҶûв
һĻ˲תñ׼գһȻֹֻоԴͬһǡ鶼ô㶡
ôؽȻˡ
ÿµĲ飬һ࣬ȻһӰ춼ûУܻΪ֮ؽֱǻ棬ðԵ
ȻˣôؽˣҲ˵һ֡ʤѾһ֡
ܶո޷ܣ˲Ϣ䣬ӽֵֻǼ֮䣬ûκζವӵĻУֱӾͷ
һʬðԵĳʬϾǿ߶˲Ϣճɻҽʵ֮ת䣬Ϊ֮Ӧͨڹ۽ս̽ʱʶķһ˿֮ģٳô˻ᣬһⲻ飬ûǻۣǲѷɫ
ͫһԺ˼
ЩȻöԸ
˫ͫһҲ˵
飡
ʬѸٷأ뿪̨зͿڻܹۺ󣬴ڤڤУһεֱ뵽ڣΪ˵һ֡ѪһڡóʬϢ˲䱩ǡߴľѾ
䵯Ϊ£һ¾ڶ̨ϡ
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Ӻԥ̤ȥľֻ۾ڷ⣬Ŀ⣬ľЩĵ׷ëôоУԼͺձϵ⣬Ҫ׸ָоʮˣľʵǿᣬҲһ˿
򵽵˭ôоǾľ۾ڷ⣬񿴵ǹŹ֡˫Ҳɷһૡ
һƬƤ
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ĿһעŶ̨´κһ˲䡣
ɱ
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ѾӳһӳȻԿǰֳֹһѣ߱ϯһӳͬпռȫ
ãȫʵ
˸źڰ⣬ѾЩԲãʵÿһΪ

Ȼֻ򲻻ŲæİγһӣֻܿдһһڿȻ׷飬ɡ
ţһľ
Ƥ
һȥȻľϵİɫ˿˲ֽ⣬ͬʱһƤҲŴ䣬ƤʮͺһƤһ
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⣡
һȥһѪͬţƬһиľѪ⣬ּΪɿݡڵ£ȴıһƬƬֺȻиգۼ䣬ϵѪͳʧ
ֽ
նȥһ͵ķһߡľڵĽޱȣȫԳΪĹҡԳܾ޴
޹ǣ
꣡
ĵȥһ׹ǾôĶѻڵ档
ĵĵȥһϾжǿߵľôڵ·ֽ⣬Ѫ룬ƤĤѪ⣬ͷȫ롣
ңƷһİڷǰ
ٶȿ쵽ˣӦѾ֫⡣
ٶ֮죬ʲôʱնȥĶ֪
ֻܿһѾ롣
ʮֲֿ
ǵܹ죬ڳƺľôһԸ֫⡣ܶûУһ㣬ʩչ˶ޱȡ
У
һսֱǸոտʼѾ
ܶ˻Ӧͷ֣ľѾ֫⣬䡣
ÿĵ⵶쵽˸ж죬þĵȻƤĤѪ⣬׷룬ûƻһ˿һֱǽڵĵ£Ҷᱻ֫⡣
˫һ̣Ҳ̲סһ
ʵ򣬵Ŀɲֻϣ֪˴ڲ˭û뵽򣬻˿¡


688 Ҷţ
ûκοܵͽһͬǿߣӲ֫ˡ
֪˷ӦͷƤڷ顣
ĵʵǿֲ
ͱ֫ˣһǿϾľֻһУͱ֫⣬һƤһ⣬һֽһ޹ǡһ𶥼ǿ߾ôڵ¡
ĵУ̺һĵ⣬ǵ⣬˷·ͬţһ彩Ӳױ塣Ҳ޷ֵ
򣬽Ϊ򣡣
һ˦䣬ƽ˵
һˣҲһ̣ƾն뵽ڣҲоԴ˵ѣͬʱһӴľڣУøǿǱҲڲ֪ӡ
кô
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п߻򣬿ѯʵȻѯʣȴһּΪƶѾоųɵİҶ
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Ҷĵɱɱģûбļɣɱɱɱϵףϵɱ¾ɱĥ³ĵÿһӳȥΪ˽ǰи֫⡣κεǰǴ׵ףϣѾΪһֱܡ
Ҷ֪һ¡
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Ҷʱſڻش˵̽ĹɣѾ˶ţ׷󡣵Ҹտʼţʱ򣬶ţĽṹ˽⣬޷ǿֻͷţ֮󣬼ţڲǣҲͷţˡ
ţʱֻþȥӴţͿˣ۾ȥӾֹͣ˶ȫƾԸڻ˳ţļṹǼĿ϶ŹǽڼĿѨʹ˳ţ屾Ľṹţĵûĵطڹͷϵļͼ۽ĵطοɲĴأ
ĳÿ껻һѵΪõȥ⡣һĳÿ»һѵΪõȥͷڳµѵʮˣţǧͷȴմĥʯĥһţϵĹǽп϶ģǵȴĵдп϶Ĺǽڣôתʱһ¶ˣʮմĥʯĥһ
ҶĵѾֻǿʣ˲Ϣ䶴ϤԷڵѪѪıתһȥҳ㣬׵һ֫ľ硣
ҶĵΪеѾţĵزǧ飬¶֮СֻҪܶϤԷ㡣һȥʥ޶Ҫһ֫⡣
ֵֻΪɱڡ
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һʼ͵õһΪѪ龭ŹǶ⹦ɱмȡÿһޣڻȡһ˿ѪǿΪԣڲϵУ䵱ҶΪԾ˵ٶ
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ھɲǣΪһɫĻ棬Żжžһ֣ͱֵļΪң븯ʬײһǻʮֹ죬ԸʬĴ͸˵ȫԻд͸ȥŻ档
һУϣʬͺ̶֮С
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飡
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ϡ棡
濰һּΪĻ棬ԾΪݣΪȼϣмΪµĸ£ͬƹ֮һմȾͻѸٸȫһԭǽˮ޷֮ˮȼաң棬մȾҾƵĿ뱩ҡУǻᱬը񱩵ƻ
־棬൱Ե
ʬײûκο־塣
зȲϻ衣
ì
׹Σ
ʬ𣡣
ɲǼ䣬һͨ糱ˮϯ
һ׹ƾ֣ھƹ⣬Ϊһİ׹ͬʱһİ׹սìϯì⣬׼Ҫ
ʬ
ĺã
ƹ¶һ˿⡣
ҡҡλΣҡҰڣڰ׹صתһͻڵأɹǣЩϯİ׹սìȴÿһҡУ߳ȥֻ½ǣȴûÿһζɺϣеİ׹սìȫÿ
׳ղŻΪɺϡ
ۣ
ƺ«йһڣſһ硣
Һϻһ磬ưô꣬ϯʬ˲䱻һεΣ䵽ʬϣЩˮһͱһɫ档ʬ׳׸ڡ
ʬðŨʬޱȣҪϾȴ֣ƹ֮ʬһȼѸٷա
Һڵ棬̨ϴƬ˲仯Ϊ𺣡


689 

ʬҪգȴ֣ɫУȻ޷ɫУл֣ţϱըֲƻ糱ˮϯǿҵϢȫϳڵ֮־帲ǡ
鲻ûп־壬Уͨϣڡ
еǿߣѾʼһĸ־壬ҲẦ¡
ҪĻǾˣҲû»һεĻᡣ
п鶼
֮Դȴֻת
񱩵泹׽ûʬףҲҪ˲Ϣճɻҽ̫¡
䣡
ʬſڷһڹؼʱ̣ѡ
ˢ
ʬ׵һͿڶ̨ϴݳһεΰǵصĻ𺣣ΰǰ˲ɢϨ𡣶ʬϵĻҲϨ𡣾ˣܿʬѾյһƬڣƤ
Ҫٳȥֻµͻᱻճɻҽ
Ŀ졣
ƹĿãҲҡҡͷûнǰʬֱδЩȱǶ̨Ĺأһ䣬޷ټɱסһ
һ䣬ҡҡڰڵĳ˻ȥ
Ժһƹȶ
˫ͻȻ˵
ΪʲôҶ¶һ˿֮ɫſѯʵ
һˮ±һ˫һ˵ȻǾƣƽ˿Уģǿˮ˶ԼˮǺε˷ָ顣
ûмܹܵˡ
ܶѧʱǰţʦĿˮһڣͻȪһڿǿˮ
˫ʮֵ񣬵ִ
飡
ƹһॣһͷڵϣ˵ǿˮǾƣþʩչͨǿǾǰٷְٵľƣԲǿˮ
У⡣
ɲҪԺ˵ͻ˵ǿˮ֡Ǿһѡ
Ǵӿġ
˫ɼԼ뿿ƹҪһԼԲ˵Ŀˮ絽Լϡ
㣡
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ɫѾǴض㣬ס
ˣ˵䣬ƹѣֱĿ죬˵ûĳѵǸڶ̨ϣΪգΣҲԼ忴ЦʱΡ
ƽǰǰȰ
ڶ̨ϣҪԼ˴ǼֱһЦ˶ȥˡһ㣬ǾԲ̵ġ
ƹ΢΢üҲûж˵ʲôҡҡڰڵ˻ź«۾һѾȥģ
̨ϣʤѾȹһʤֻ֣ҪӮһ֣εĶͳһʤ
һҳ֡
жȻ˵
飡
ڲһߣȻԿߴýԥʹµ̨̤У裬޵ڷ
λ޵нҲǰ̤վڶ̨ϡ
λ޵нҪһ¡жǿսȻֱӱ޵е죬Ĵҡ
ýվУͫеͫһֳһ˿ɻ󣬲ƺУܵĸоһ˿ϤϢ
ȻɼǵãһƵĴկƽ˵
ƴ壿Ҽǵ㣬ԭ㡣㾹Ȼѵҵţܣ֮أޱȣ㲻ҵͨţôֹ
ýͫ䣬һĨ⣬ԺѾʲôʱС
깥ƴ飬һβ๥񡣶ңǵһһկǰܣòȥȻԺ̵ӡ
ֻǣʱûԽֻ֣ɨһۣӡ󲢲Ạֻ̊́ר𣬲ĻĿʱüΪľ
صľ룬ɲʿ׿ԿԽġ
ҪҵһţҲ׵ĳɳĮУ￴ˣָоëȻ
ţʲôţѵĳִֶΡ
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֪ţɲ㡣֪ţ뿪ɳĮ·ء
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УһҪеĴ㶼ûС
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ΪҲ²Ӧþĳֳ룬ǿԿдڣ㲻ܳɳĮУţȴӾǿ󡣡
Ȼûдý֪ŵľϢҲܴв²ŵ;ڣȻǴءңһһһ֮ĳֶΡ
ܲµΡҲŵġý˵
ǲֻ֪֪Ҫѹ㲻ʵʵЦЦĿýͼ
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УͿʼ߸
޵Ƕôôį
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һĸڶ̨ϻصе񲻷
ôҵҪԣ㵽ж޵Уį顣ϴߣֻоͷѻɹãֱǸ⡣

ڸҪʱֻýԥֹڴҶӦѾ֪жô޵УҾ޵нҪɱȶδЩԴСƽȻǲĶʽӮ
У¶һԼȫΪõı顣
·սϣѾ޵С
޵н
ôȡ
΢΢üû뵽ʱ˵Ļ
ҲǺ档
Ҫýܸʲô
ɱǱӮˣҲ˵ԴСǿʤ֮䡣ȻǾĶÿ⣬˭˭䡣㿴Ρ
ý˵
е˼Ǿıȣȳ⡣
ζĿý׵ͷ
ãҵǣȣ˭ϵѪ١Ѫٵλʤ
ýϵ˵ԼĶ⡣
⻰һϣĿɿڴĸо·Ժе۶߸գԽԽĲ顣¶֮ɫ
ڵ֮𶼷·Ҫֹͣ
һֳױĿ⣬ýϣĿ


690 ޳
޳ܵãʲôƨ޵н޳ܽãһѪⶼûУ˭ϵѪ٣Ҳ޳̶ֳܵȰɣѵҪ޳ԼϵѪ⣬ֱ̫޳ˡý𡣡
ϣаյƿڴ
ܸ޳һЩ𣬸ñ˭Ѫ࣬Ѿ޳ܣ޵УҪˣ˲޵вŹ֣Ϊ޳ܲ޵СѾƤ⣬ǸͲҪ
û
ļƷýǵһο
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̫޳ˣҸо޳ܼһڣԺ鲻֪Ҫڸǲ߰ҲҪս¾䣬ô޳ֵܵز֮Ϊ顣
ð⣬ҪҴ򲻹ҷҪԴšڣһ嶼Ҫ̧ͷˡΪܵ˵
ý鶼Ҫ
˼ҵ͹޳ܣҲ͹ĲҪΪ޳ܣƤҪˡҲý޳ܸˡǼһһ㶼û˿߳ģֻҪ棬ⶫʲôĵߣûеߡ
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⻰˵жоһƫƫ˵κηĻһֻã޳鶼¡
ã㶼ѾҪˣٲӮҲ²֪ʲô顣飬ʵûа취һ޳ܡֻӮһֶѣ⣬ȻҲҪһ⣬ȻӮ⶷ʤҪӮǾƽ֡ǽٱȡ
һ˿ΣҲûӮȥ뷨
̨ʤܣغˣ֮򲻿а˿𣬿ɲС顣Զҡ
ðɣ
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˵ҾͲţʲôѵõ޳ܣޣ޵нġ
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İҲһ󻶺ȸԾһк
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⣬Ҫ˵һкá
һû˭˵ʲô޳ܵĻ޷ڽʵ֮ǰý̫޳ܣƷѾװܻˣ鶼˵Ļ
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699 Ů
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кԥĿ˵ƳȻ˵ʥأаգҲǰҵйϣжδڴܱ壬ҲַڣҲ㿪þнʿڣ֮ԸΪʿ


701 
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л˵
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702 
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ȴ̲ס¶Ц⡣ЩڱǼߣȫǱǧ𲻻ıÿһܸƳǴ޴档


706 
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ӦĽʿԥϵĻսնѪǼϡѪǼضϡ
вٽʿûԤϵѪǼƶܶӦһ˿ѪǼ̽ڡ
һɲǼ䣬д͸ȥȥʱǰɫģ͸ȥʱ֧սȾѪɫ޵˸оޡ
Ľʿɫһ԰ףоڴɵѪҺߣ·Ϳա
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ҵĿãͫһսƻǿ
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ΪģΪĹѪ;սʿų衣
ҰףԹŲ衣һʿ賤ǹһͷ˺ڰգһѪǼȴǰ㶴šըѪ¶Ѫ硣˿衣ʼպ
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һɲǼ䣬սϺɱ糱ˮӿսС
ǹɱ⣬øӿ£
µĲֻǽеĽ⡣
ɱ⡣
̺У飬Կɱ
սϣֳŨѪ⡣ܿʬɽѪѪ֡
ˢ
ɱշ𣬱ϰɵѪɫ⣬ƥնսޡ
ɱ񽣵ٶȼ죬̺ɱ⣬ʴֻ꣬ܶޱʬɽѪսѾͷ­ն¡Եޱȡ˿̣նս޲ϡ
һУȻԿս޵Ƭ˸ɫĹâͬŷġҲ֪ɱƷ״ﵽεȲΣǷâȻƿƬնѪС
Ѫš
𣡣
ս޳ʹ£Ϸųƹ⣬ֲȻɱ񽣱˳ȥƿƬѾýеĴ롣ױƳƳ˿˲ϡƿֲ
ۣ
ϣһĹǴì鹫Ӹǹȥ

ǿɱ񽣺һֻεƿأΪѪɫ⣬ڰпٴ󣬲նȻһìǿأնڵء
һɱ񽣾Ȼɱ㣬Ǿһڡ
鹫ƱƵУָ䣬ڶǽһ
սշ˲ͻΪСǶǽ


714 ׷
һսڰգ𶯣һĽ⽣Уȴݳһ𵴻ǵĿ־Ҫս²ͬ֡
ѳ׷ܲȥɡ׷ն񡣡
鹫ٴָһ׷꽣ŷ˳ȥ
ŻΪһͬڵսǽһ໥䣬·ĳϵķΪɫ⣬սǰ
ս޶սһǿıܡսУܵһǿв
붼룬ĹǴ̱
ɳģĹǴ̣ɹǴ۶ɵìͬǿƻܼĺս

׷꽣ǽȴ߰㣬ڿ鹫ӵƿ£һδλĹ켣
̣նᣡ
ֻڽ֣ͺЩսһֻεƿأ׵ʩչֽһìǿնϣսķ·нնһСޱȡ
һìնϡս߰սǰ
˲佻ųս޻նȥ
𣡣
ս޷ŭϵƬֳһɫ⣬һͭɽɺд֮ػӡķδƿķ
ͬУ޵У
ˢ
Ȼ׷꽣ǽն˲䣬ʵ飬ðնȥսǿķսǰ·ͬ衣ֱӴȥڡ
𣡣
ս޵ͷʹŭڵ̤Χضɽҡޱȣʹ಻¡ʹ࣬ս޴δоġдݳġ
еĿ־壬ﵽ¡
׷꽣ǽȻֱӹɱǵս׷ǡն񡣼Ϊ£һ겻ǿһȥͻɢ
սޣǿޱȣȴǱôǿ
ò˵ս޺ǿ޴ͬ޴սնȥֻնһ꣬ȴû곹ǿѪӴȻǣ꣬겻ǿ֧ǿ໥ġֻǣԣ겻ǰ˫սѡ
еʹ࣬˲ս޷
ĳײΧ˵ͱȳࡣ̤趼ϵá
Ҫ޴ˣԼ˰Լ˲ҪԼˡ
Ҫˣˡ
ܣս޷ˡѾʧˡ
սǰֱ͸߹һ׾پͱƬȳࡣһ̣˵ǱģԼսޣȻԼ˲ȳ࣬ҪȣҲӦȥŶԡ
սսϵĴɱɳ״ԼɵƻҲǼġ
¡¡
սޱȷŭĿ⿴ѪǣʤѩĿ鹫ӡ
ۣ
ǿסڲϱ׷սиʹࡣֱֻ֮Ӷ鹫ӣֻڵĶϣʱ˸һŨĺɫ⡣
սޣѪͨ⣡
һڵԷ˵ٶȻգ˲ͳڿ鹫ǰһУܿһУһеĿ»棬ĵϣ޼᲻ݣһС
̺ϾʿǰܸоޱȵСԲǻƽײεͨҲײεѪͨ
ս޴߶Ǿ춯ء
û˿赲
ðԵ⣬ѪͨһУϾǿ߶ͼƵпͫҲɵ΢΢һ¶һ˿ءȴû赲
ʱ̣ǿ鹫һʵĺûᡣ
Կ鹫ӵʵھ۽Ǿ;ԲƵļٻ
ҿǿػ顣
Ǳ¶һĨаЦ
鹫ӵΪҪѡᣬԸҲҪܲܳԵ¡
ҪǳԲ£ȻһнݣԵ£ǾӦõġ
һ󣬹̥
鹫Ŀñ⣬Ҳ¶һ˿ȣȴûлæãйâһһɫıɡǰⱦɡշ𣬳ڰգȻ򿪡
ڴ򿪵һɲǣ˸һɫȻתָܳڡ
һɡͨɡһ챦Ǳ챦ɡ̺ǿĺܻ֮۴֮ǿޱȵķ챦Уһࡣ
䣡
ɡײһ𣬶ʱƹڹ⼤ҽ棬µƻƺҪɡֱӶ׻ơɡҡҡ׹ɲôҡΣƫƫûɢĻƹԴԴϣ಻Ӵгȡ֮гȡ֮Լ䣬һ塣Ǭס
ɡʼռͣȴۿɼٶȣϱġ󣬱ҡҡ׹ĻɡȻȶʼռᶨĸͷɢ
ڣڵ⳹𣬻ΪС
𣡣
սȴ췢һǷߺ޵Ŀ鹫ӣ޲ֱӽץߣ̻׽Ѫ⡣ϧ
һУ޴Ȼ¡
һ£ͬһɽһ
˱ѹ£ܿѾѪˣѪ⡣
սޣ䣡
׷꽣ǽͬʱսڷ˳
սޱû˺ۣʵڵѾսն걻նܴȥ
ಣ
ɱ񽣣׷꽣ǽͬʱ˻ΪСС
ɱΪ齣ϻսЧ
һ棬ȴ׵ӡÿһʿУ廹塣ˣ񶼲ɵ𺳣ս϶Ϊ֮һ
ս޶ɱ飬ֱǿ¡
ôܣսޣǿսްͼδܹ֮նɱôܻ˭սʲôȻ˿£ս޶ڽ¡
ʲôˡжǿսսϼ޵еġʵѾǿֵزô
ô죬ս޶նɱ֪ƳлʲôǿߣжֶΡѪǵļ̣ս޶޷ƿ
Уսʿ̲ס
ս޵䣬Ǵʵ̫ˡʿµһڡ
鹫ӹȻǰ˵ƳǸһɽׯɽׯɽׯׯɽׯǰħˣħΪΡڿȻʵǷ֮¡
ǰɽׯڻҰɽׯʽûʵ϶ͱˡǰʿڿ϶ǿ
ãȻǿߣ鹫ӲԺ鹫ҪȥҼҾ¥ܳʲôȫۡ
Ƴһͬܡ
ս޵ǿĿãȴڿ鹫УֱΪһвܲ˷ܡ鹫ӵĿòͬоηпȣݵȵȡ


715 ݳ
ԡЩĿУ鹫ԵøӲ԰ˣȴһ˿ϲһĵܣĿḶ́Ҫġ
ΨĿĿ⣬ҵĿ顣
鹫ܵĳǱӦܵõٹ⡣ûЩĿ⣬ݣҵĿ飬ʱ
γ֣оֵնɱһս޶ѣ͵õǰòĶλᷢ췭ظı仯
Ҫġ
Ͼͼ
ͫ΢΢һ鹫ֻչ¶ѣΪ磬ͬһ֣Ԥ⡣Ͼǿ϶ģڵûͼһδֿ֪֮䡣նɱͼǿս

ڵϵսޣսȻôսϣеķŭ֪ʮǿҡ뿴ݺսҵĻ棬û뵽ȴ
ֱǶ档
Ҳ֪ս޷ս̫£Ȼֱڣ꣬նֶΣǹס˿־塣
һսҲ׿Ѫǡ
һ˵ҲᱻֹսɱսޣÿһޱȣΣٴγ⣬ȫսһʵԣһشĴˡŶܵɲʲô¡
Ϊնɱս޾ͿԸôΪûֶôվ֪ǴƵĳǽԹơƣǾͳɱȥӳǽɱڡ
зһߡ
ΪεսûаСӡ׼˿
һ֣һ׹
Ȼ䣬Կһصսսϡ
սһ֣ѸٷŴ󣬱ʮ־޴
սг֡ΡȻһ޴ݡݣͺһݣʯһ̳ɵݡ
ӣǽݡ
ңȫԿһ޴ĳ塣бȻɢһƽƵĸо˳ݣǰ
ݳһ챦
ͫһû뵽еıﻹ治٣һ챦ǵݳ
˵ݣֻҪ׻У˵֪ĺ١
ݣǰֱǰִָԮǸ߹ߵһ֣Ҫյ;ڹŴսеԽǽǵþߡ
Ŵʱݣ´ӣƶʻҲΪݳзܡʳץߣеĴû豸Ǵʱ³ܹɽҲ³ʱΪ˴ﵽĿģʷϵĵһݡ
ӡѵעԻݿƶ֮С˵һ;ԵǸԶ̽顣
κʱ򣬹ʱһὨݡ
ݲѸʵǵǽϣҪȻ֮ײšԳǽ赲ƿǽͺñڵѪǣǽշУ£ʿҲ׿ԽݾͲͬ˳ʵǶϡɱϳǽ
¶ݵԻܲңȴһֱӵĵ·ݾ
Ȼóݳɼ׼
һҲ빥ϳǽֱΡ
Ц˵
ڹʱǿ󣬿ǣֻһĻ޼¡ǱˮнӰ첻Ĵ֡
һݣǺǣһȻ⣬Ҫһһǧءı䲻սô¶һĨᡣ˵
ܣ
ɫһ䣬챦óǧǼֱǿЦζġ
ϼݡ
Цһõʡ
зһϺȣžͿݳϣâһɢһǿеƲۿɼٶȳ·½ݳ۹ȥ
һۣͿݳϵݣ˸İ׹⡣
׹Уݳϵݣͺģһ㣬ɴϼۿɼٶֱ۳һµݣշ𣬿죬һ˳սϣһֱӳѪϣȻ£ݾôڳǽϡõǽγһ޴ͨݡ
ϰͬʱͨʮ־޴㡣
ôݳȻϰ۳ݣⲻͨݣƲ۳ݡ
ҵ죬ݳҪǿԴԴϵ۳ݣҪ٣ж٣˵һһǧǼǧ򣬸ʱ䣬һ۳ֱǹǵսе
ãݾȻѪһ𣬸û취ƿߺ޷϶ƺǳڳǽϣ鷳ˣЩݣնϡ
ãЩݼڳǽϣ˴Գֱ롣ֱɱϳǽֶΣö
нʿնҪƻݣȴ֣ϣֱӾʹݣڵϣ·ֻãֻƲѣʩӲϡƫƫվȥƽء
ֱǹǵ
䣡
ݣ޷ֹ
ֻݳϵƲ㣬۳һ޴ݣ£սųǽγһݡսϣǹǵĽݾ
תۼ䣬ʮϰ۳ڳǽϡ
ˣ
彫ʿһ¾ӿֳǿҵս⡣ʿ硣һź£ٳʵǶϣɱǽ
ӪĿ֮꣬ϣ䡣ֻҪҳݣȫɱ
÷ըӽݣըȺˡҪɱϳǽͿû¡
һϺڳǽ
ܼļٴαȥ
ͬʱһööը˳¹һˣըǿ֮˱ըķѣдֱӵȥġ
ĴĿġ
飡
һݲ£໥һݸӿ㣬ŲƵĿռ䷶Χø
ⲻҪݣֱҪ׽ݲǽ򣬳ױƽأֱɱǽ
ҡ
ݵսϣҵġ
ܼ˴䣬ѪȾѪɫܼļ꣬ըķôսʿǽ岻ϣͱ׻ɱ
˿ûб仯
˴ԴԴϵķ档
ʱǿɱϳǽϧ׼彫ʿǰ׷ױɱѪȾ˳ǽ
ս
ս𡣡
ǽϵСɣг𺳣УǵһӡսĺۼսĲпᣬһγǰ˵Ĳң˵顣
սϣֻɱ¾ǳĴַս
û뵽ΪԼս˲ңңһȻʵǿɱѷɫǽ˴ܴ졣ɲͨġ
Ļ֣ҪƳƴܾô
Сҧ˵


716 Ѫħ
׻ƳǣСȻ⣬ⲻǸһʶѡ˴ţڣȴƾУ崦ڹǵһƳǵ꣬˲أɣٴȥпܾ˵ľ档
Сɺް
Լʵ㣬Ļ˼
Ȼ䵽ֵز˴һս
ϲ⣬Ǿϲ⡣
Ļֿ϶֪ƳǵʵҲ֪һյĽȻܾˡ
ҪΪˣҪñˡС¶ߺ֮ɫ
ֻ۳һǧֹͣˣ۲ˣܱߵѾȫݡУκ
ݣû첻ݡ
ս棬Ѿݵᡣ
ģȴġҪҪѪĴۡ
ɱһʼͽ뵽ȻС
ܼļ꣬ը˴һδεܴ죬˳ݣ˴ͬһδοǳϳǽһǽϵĽʿɲСˡ
֮䣬ͬһѪḥ̂ϵĽɽȥ
һս峿ϡ
ҵ¡˲
ƳߣǷֳϢɱͨϵǽЭءһָɾ䣬ɱսʿʱ
Щַǵļ԰Ǿǵˣ˾͸ɱ
Ƴеİտûʲô֮ʡɱɱɱǳġ
Ӱϣ˵ɱ죬಻
ܶ˷ʿҲϵѪǣսĲҡе𺳸ǿҡ
ͺñǺɽڵһȺӣ̤ϳǽŲҵսһˣеǰδеģô벻һֱûбǿ۵׵ƳǾȻ˿ֲʵеսµֵز
ֱǳ׵߸ԭȶ֪
ԼƳǰֻⶼһ׾ͻᱻɱһաƬײܼļ꣬˭ִܵģͼᱻɱ
⻹еĳô⻹ǰİôΪ˵ɱУɱ΢ѵǾ
˵ȫͬйȻ˲űУһ·ɳֵزŲǿȫֵ·Ϊսɱ¾Ϊڲϵɱгɳ
ϣԺ󲻻ƳǶϣҪȻľӣҶ֪ûԵСЩǴʬɽѪĹ֡
˵ƳԹѫͷйѫǾѫɱǾսǹѫܻȡԴܻȡֹսսģսս򡣲ľӣԹױ١׼Բâ
ɽڵĵУƳǵӼһеİսϵѪȳ׻ˡǣʲôʱʬɽѪĻ档
ǽϣаڼʼվšܳǽϷƱãʼûκͬѪĥһĹս

ڼζĿս˵
ҲˣԴսޱɱ󣬱Ѿת䣬ʿսÿһʱ䣬ͽսϲĽʿֵȥǷµľǾսɳѪϴĵǺ̡
аЦ˵֪Ҳֹ
ֺγƳһսĲľȥġ̭ߡ
Ĳпᡣ
ڼΪҲδʲôãȫлһĿꡣбϡȻԴĿġţڱǸǼ¡ȫƳܾˣش˺ѹһһĳսţûƳȫݵĴ㡣
ڼȻһЦ
սɣȴҹ˵Ҫͣһͣаƽ˵
ֻάҶȵսƳǻĵ
һսӦƳǵİռѪЩûϹսˣսһء
սڼ
һ죬졣
սҶʼάһΣûӣһδεĹϳǽһδα˻ɱѪѾսȾѪɫ
ӵץһѪˮ
Ƭս£ڴ֮£ȴһصĿռ䡣
ڿռУȻһ̳̳ͨѪɫɢаѪɫ֯һ𣬺һ磬˴Ŀġ
Ѫɫ̳ϣȻԿһѪɫӰֱӶϣ⣬һɫѪ֣˸ıĿ
ڼ̳ܣԿһͬѪֵӰڿѪɷ֮
Ѫɫ̳ƺܹԴԴϵĴսȡۺѪɷ̺֮Ѫɷ֮ƺЩ˵һ޷ζ͡
ð̫ˣȻƳ֮Ĵս̫ˣ໹壬ԽԽãǲսҵõ˶ྫѪɷ֮ʵѪɷ֮԰
ڼ̳ϵӰһĹЦһҲ̰ԴԴϻ۶Ѫɷ֮
ǰ棬Щʵ̫޴ˣһȺûԴçֻ΢һ£˴ĴսԡѪɱȴѪɷ֮ЩѪɷ֮ڣΪܿͿͻͼླʱѪħһϯ¡Ϊؼǿ塣
ܾ˲Ǻ£ѪħΪƽǿûкôսҲǵʢ硣
ѪУһѪħǿ߷Ц
˵һʢ磬һ컯ʢ硣
ѪħһΪ塣Ѫɷ֮еѪɷֻ֮ҪгѪɷ֮Ϳ̵ʱͻͽңսܹ졣
ˣѪħĻᣬûѪɷ֮ܶĽ׳Ѫħ壬Ҫġ
Ѫħڼ̳ϣ˵
ԿֲܷŴѪɫѡЩѪɫƺһǿЩѺֹǳǧöÿһöڷѪɷ֮Ѫ֮ʱƣеԲ˼ٶȱǡ
ʮֵʢܸоƺʲôҪӾֱ
ѪеӰЩѣһ¶˷ڴ֮ɫ
ǵˣ⽫Ѫħδ
Ѫħ塣ܹ壬ҪȫȴҪӴޱȵѪɷ֮ޱ߾ѪܴﵽĿġ
Ҳǻսԭ
ǿս壬ǴǸǿʵѪʳ


717 ع
꣡
Ѫɷ֮ǳؿռеѪɫѽʼѿצӾڲ˺ѳ߳һѪɫӰϲãڴڵĽƬ̳ȥ·ϵζ̳ϢȻøӵĳȡ
žͿʼ̰ԴԴϻ۶Ѫɷ֮
ããã
Ѫħ濴˵ҲͷɫϲѪħδвϽţЩʵѪɷ֮ǱյԽ࣬ǵĵ̾ԽǿǱԽ󡣸ոճҪԡԵԽԽá
棬ԾѪɷ֮ôڼ١Ĵսô
ѪħǿͻȻ
ԿѪɫ̳Ѫɷ֮ٶȻչԽԽ١
ʲôѪɷ֮ѪսɷΪһ壬Ѫɷ֮ѪоɷΪһ޾Ѫ̺ǿ̺ǿһգǴ󲹵ıҩȻһգҲ˭ܴġ
ֻսϲܴ
ѪħǽµѪɫ̳ſȡѪɷ۳Ѫɷ֮ҪȻֱѪ⾫ѪҲǿΪ׳ȴ޷Ѫɷ֮ȣѪɷ֮ľ⣬ʣѪɷ֮Ǵ󲹱ҩûа취£˶Ρ
ѪħĹžһѪħžһѪĶ⹦
һѪħƿ֮ѪѪ֮ڣǿޱȡ
Ѫħ壬Ѫڡ
սɢѪɷ֮Ȼڷټ٣ɲԣܲԾսֹͣɲѪħҪġ
Ƕţñȥһʲô
Ѫħ滰һ䣬ֱӻΪһ⣬ŵȥ
Ѫڵ´ٶȼ죬գۼ䣬渽սϣֻһ۵ѪӰսɨӹȥ
һȻսϱӦڼɱ֪ģȻֿˡ˴սƳǶš
ҹĲɱ£սϱ鲼ʬѪѾȾ˴ءѪࡣ˴ĿģѾһƬѪ

ȻˣʹǧޣҪѪǣֻܾˡֽҪġҪ뿪ȻģַƳǣȥͬġ
ƽ˵
Īһɱ˭ϺˣҪףŭӲҪ˵УͲʲôԸԿˡ
㿳һһʮ
ҪǱôߣҲܴӦԸҲܾôߡսȥŵܾˡ˭֪Էʲôơ
ǰǰ⡣
˼ĪҪ뱾Խ֣һʤ
ɫĿС
֮ǰҲû뵽ƳͷôѿС
ǰ˲򡣶ЩޣǶǧ˴ʧȴѪǶûйơһ㣬ġ
ڲĽʿȫսԡѪɱľٽͶս˵ʵڣ治롣ЩǱϣǿ߶״Ӧ
ѵ㲻ô
л˵
Ц޵еУûк֡ҪвȫĵǾһսһʤ
Ȼ˵
ϾԲ֮ҹҶˣҲ˵ĴڣȻҪսȻܲʣսͶڽԲ֮ҹͻȻ˵
ãǾԲ֮ҹһսʤ
ɫǰ죬ϻв̵ʱ䡣ÿԽ˻ᣬٴϢ
Ŀײƺ̺ͬζ
У׶յľս֮ڡ
ȫ䱸õľõġȻس׼ҹսһ仰תȥ
սֵĵȷ˫֮䣬ʱʼս
ѪѪһսϣʬ糱ˮû볤У彫ʿģҲսʿģԼǺʬ
ս뵽еѪȡȥѪڣΪһ֡һΣѪٴαǡţֵ򣬲ƽ
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719 屦
βҪɱƳǵͬҪٴܱ壬ΪƳǺǵġһսԲʧǸǵĻܷͬŹ
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720 Բ֮ҹ
λֵܽãþƳǣǴҾֵܣѣԺԼˡû˭۸ǡֻҪŬû˻ӡңѧΪʿɱ޻ȡԴ˶бǿĻᡣ
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724 Ϊ Ϊˮ



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顣
ںϣɢˣûˣ֣һשһߣһһľںͺˮġѪõǹһһƴɱġ
ƳУܶѾ໥µļͥӵԼ¼ҡлźǾǣۼ֮䣬໥ɢϵܶ޷ͳ滮һ㣬κһųġƳģҲӰܱ߷Բ
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һööɫƬϸܵķֲ£˸Ž⣬˵ҫۣһԵѹ

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ɳԭȵķݣһССĹ԰԰ɽˮˮͤ˵ĻҲׯϡȻȻȻĽ֮ȡԪԴԴϵĳ֮ȥ
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727 
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ЩҲ˵ȴ˵ش֮󡣴ȷ
λһǰҵģͬҲڴң°յġ˳֮ͬͨ󣬵Ʒ񣬲ҿԵõҵλӳ֣λͬԵõҵλӳ֣ܴˡٶȻǳƿһǧҲλһֱĹá
һǰλӣʿ˵
̺˼ÿһ඼ʼ
ܵһ˿ڴ
ҵλҵλ
˳ǴһõͳһȨȨ˳֮ɵķַҵλҲǡ
ǲġҵλҪˡһ֧ŲסҵλַԽ࣬оͻ޴Ӱ졣
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Աϴݡ̤ȥȻ֮С
һǰʮ׳ۣУҲǵһο
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Ϊϳ֮ءݱ£ȻԵׯΰ̻Իܿ͡һͼڣ
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ΪĳұΪ䳼˵μȻ
ڷ֮ǰȷơһ㣬Ҫһ顣
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734 Ʒ
ǰ켮µµʲôģʵֻĳ̶ֳϣһǳصĹһĹʵϵЩеĹʽû̫
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ˡղͬͬĸı䡣
Ѿһǳص顣顣
һʼǾ칤켮ţʳ򱦵µҽµһ𣬾һţ˵ͨ󡣿˵һߵ
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ڵʱǼΪá
ҪƹһͱϵµĽиϸϸ֡
ԼǣһҪдϵ£ɽƵϵƿһУΪһߵó罫֮ΪһͳĻϵ֮⣬ԴµĲŻ
Ƴǰ˵о˸ԼĿ˵˳
˵еȫƣȫΪܲһĴڣ磬켮κξ񼮣ջܣ켮켮Ϊ߻賷켮мְ𡣡
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һߵЩҪԺһԽȥ
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У壬ƣΣ峯ʡơֹƣְٴϸ֣֮ƶȸϽ˵չı仯ܹȥְܵϸ֣ѾǼΪƵһֹơΪʡƣʡʱáƶȴֵüȡоҴ
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һǰ߳ȷʱڸصͳΣ޷£зַƶСۺԭǵʱƲͬȨңͬ¡
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ͬĲ֢ͬҩпЧôãҪһζҩһζҩʵĲͬв죬Ȼͬı仯
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̲ƹܵǷְ˵ȵȡ
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Ϊйϵе˲ûʲôҲܷԡ
˳ͬһԹְͻõҵλˣʲôƷףʲôҵλɾƹܣԾƷƶҵλҴ㣬ϵٴμƷơһƷߣƷ͡
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λк뷨Կ˵˼棬ܽƶȳơ
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һ㣬е˶ǲġǻƳ壬ߵȣҲǲ֪ġϾ˭ûп˳˭֪˳һЩɻ䣬˭ĵĵһΡ
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һȻͬٴβΰݡ
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˹񣬳ĳش󳡺ϣϳԹΪ
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֮УԹжϥлƽԡعĸΨоܳ˹ݡһ£ҲǿҪ˹ݡ


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ʼգƳоûʩйʲô֮Ҳˡ
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չأΪһ֮ԼԳƾͻᷢı䣬ὫԼáޡƺвûУʼնûáޡΪԳơ
ǰĪʲôɻ䡣
ԴˣҲһ˿棬忪ѯʵ
Թس֮ǰʲôԡޡԳơ޾ⲻʼԳƣôԡޡΪԳơ
ԹʷϵľŪһ顣޲ǶڵרƺԳơޣֻñԵòãгȡ֣ȷΪޡ
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Ҳ޴ӿ֤ÿһλԳơҪʼǰôƺǼֱЦƽ׻ᱻ˿ᡣԳƶ㲻ֱһȺ׳ա
ҪԳƣǾġ
ǰҰʷһЩ򵥵ļأȷʵһЩ¼֮ǰû⣬ڿȷʵˡô˵ޡȷʵס
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˵𣬲һȻ
ʵĻȻԲԳơĳƺǺĳƺȥеĲԼʼʡ
ⲻЦ
ȻǾҾԹԳơ˳ɸŽת䡣Щ΢ĩСڣ̫⡣еȻһЦ

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漴һȺڴпһһԼʵеĹ˵Լ뷨һķƶȡ
ҲǿʱЩִ̫٣Щ鲻ҪۣǰӦóȷС
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Увû죬ǽڡڵı仯
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ʮʱʱ̶̿ڵ
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һſѹơȻͿƺУ˷εצͻȻͷ·ƺֱӿУͷһΪһ⣬գͷ˳ͷֱڡ
һ糱ˮɢݶ׸ڡ
Уܿһϲɢݣ١Ϊ¡
˷ҵλ˳ĺôڿʼ١
ҲڴУֻǻںУԵʮأдģҲû˭Ҳûв飬עʼնϡ
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һ㣬Ӵ˷ƿ˲仯ΪУͬ衣ɽɱ䡣˳ˢԴȵȡô͡
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ɫڵһɲǡ˳׹עڡ
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֪Уڵĸ⣬ֱӴﵽ£ƺһ̾ͿԷɳȥƲУʼɽ٣׽ϴ
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ͼҪͼ
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ǳԴ֮ΪīǸΪʡǿīƳһϻ⻭ͼͼǿȫĻ̡


736 ͼͼ
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ڡУԵ쾭صϣۣģΪֻ򡶹˾֮Ķظ
Ҳá쾭еĺͼݱɡеĺͼͼϣϣΨһ𣬾ǹͼʱı仯ͼĲͬͳͥĺͼ
һԣͼֻһ죬򣬺ͻֽޡ
ΪͼһԣȷѾĵͼͼһɣУͼ޷ͼĵλ
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һͼȻԺŹ룬Ȼи֡
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С
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ͼͼԭʼͼҪͼǿսҪϵͼ
ͼ۵һɲǣٴθоƺһ򿪡֮ϵӽܣԪĸӦգٴһΡ
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Ͷ㣬Էӳΰ
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аԷһϺȡ
ʱڷβ֮У˸⣬Уǳֱӱһ⣬ţͶӰеĽǳ»Ϊһ⣬뵽ͼС
ͼױȵİԡ
ڽϱԴȥһɲǡ

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ţһצȻͼУٲãʵۣצǣǣϵȫʵ顣߮̾ڻУȻصϡһ˿˿֮Žۡ
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ˮϣͼ
ͼƣûгɣٴνˮһ뵽ͼС
ڣˮϵľͶӰŸ֣ͼС

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ŵ룬УһȻۣͼСɢŨľ֮ϡ
öϣܹܵڶ̺Ų˼ΰһ֣ȻǾ춯ء
ϣͼ
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ʱͿϵľͶӰֱշ뵽ͼС
ͼ·ǻһ㣬κϣƺܺѹİݽȥ
һΣȴûµ뵽Եõ֮У뵽۵УϣΪ˫ۣ۵۾ۡת
ϣѹһеøǿԽӾˡ
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˫֮£۳ڽ³˫Զģ̽񷡣
ĵϵ룬ͼȹ̣ɢѹ
ʼͼϣľϣˮϣټϣͼѾǳɣټȥҲǲµϡԾͶӰΪ֧ܣͼԲϴϳɳϱøǿͼȻϾͬͼ֮ںϣ໥䣬ںһͨǿ
п֮еͼҲһ˿ϲͼԺһĸͨңǶһ޶ؼ䣬ٳֵڶš
ͼҪϣҪȱһɡ
ӳеľʧɿۣӳСҪĵֻһϱԴѡͶӰͼĹؼڣûоͶӰͼͼֻãɻ
ھͶܷӳ
ʣڽǰȣսʮࡣӲҪ˵ͼԪӾˡ


737 ɳʱ
Ȼ˵ͼһͨǿͼֱӵ󲿷ͨ໥ںϣͨĪ⣬ӰԵЩͨҪͼһԱǿƻͺñۡͼԷӳԵΰ
ͼһ̣нͼ
ͼû̫Ĳλ֡һ磬ǲƣĥͼĹ̡ΪΣֱǣͼǣ
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ֻǳ۳ͼٽǲƣֲĥͼĹ̡һ׶ΣǵǡΪǣǾǽͼͼϾ£۳ǳ黯ʵγͬеǳһǳ
һ͵ͬͼоǳԪصϷͼͼٷáһͨʼ黯ʵͬһڣԱݻ١
һɵǣͼ۳ǳͼֱԪͼУͼ᲻ϴԽԽȹ̣ԽԽǿ۳ĻӱʹʹͼĪ⡣滭棬续ʵ顣
һ׶Σͼ续ۻ죡
ϣɱ䣬۷࣬ླ
ͼĶطϵ򣬸ķԽ࣬ͼǳٶȾԽ죬ͼɱٶȾԽ졣
ͺñȵڴ˾пͼɳȡһչͬһɳ磬ޱɳĮأÿһ˿仯طıãͨչ֣ͨ뵽Ȼ仯У紵ͨɳҲͨҪ
ңͼڣͼת䣬ȻȻ϶طϵٶȣ֮ǰʮֹͺǴһԴԴϵĶܱ߲ǿҵ
ϱԴž޴档
ȻȻͬҵλ˷ѹ֣ѹ˳ԳΪؼһ۷Ľݾ֮·ʮٶȣÿʱÿ̶Ԫ׽ȡطϡͼһԴ漰еϣͬһʱ̲ͣǿõ
аԳһ˿п
Ȼһһ羰ûд
Щ˵ʱ䳤ʵ򲻹ת֮Ѿɡ
ҵλ˷ͼʱʮֶݡУ˭вûϾ
ڰͼ仯
֪Уתۼʱȥ
УƳҲڽĹƳơ
ϣƷҵѾ飬ƣҪȷȥ
Ƴ忪˵
漴ͽõĹ˵
ƷҪУͱȷְεȹְεƷ׻ҪԶᡣҵ顣ԭһߵ֮ɶΪһƷ֮ɶΪƷ֮УƷƷƷְ
ң½֮ϣǿٵ˳˳ͨͬңͬͳνУԴկɳΪҰ֮УΣգ޹ﶼгûڣͬڣҰʧԴկȾۼΪܻʧԭУܵǴկʱ䲻֣ܳԺҲ֡Ĵڣøկ֮Ѹٲϵ໥ͨ
ƳԵ
龰ĳ̶ֳϣӱͳΣֵũ壬ͳƶѡԸˣֱӡڽֻҪпܣдկ򣬶ҪΪɳǡɳΪͳܱ򡣴կ򣬶޳ֱӽΪǡ
ڼЦ˵
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˳ԣһľ;ԲǴկԵΪѷɫɳΪλͳܱѹ޹
ԳһλߣңͳǿԾܵԴ˷ѣ໥䲻ѹ
ޱ߻ҰУһ޳ѹһɴȫ˵һɳǰʱ
ϸţʱĵͷ
ڼڼ˵˳֮ͳ콮ڣһֳǰʱɳΪλһԴΪԲκ⡣ʿȡ
һǣѹһ
ڻҰУԵУѹޡ
һǰδеϵ
λ˵ܱߴկѾ鸽Ҳ˳£дկأ֮ڣֻҪԸ⣬ʱԽκδկΪǡңֹ̣ؽѡҪΪǺܼ򵥡ɳѹһͱ¹滮ÿɳͳ򣬷ΧС
׵ͷ˵
Ҫ֪ǰկʱûôིһطʣֱʹýկܶկʵľ벢Զ໥ڡ
ȫΪɳǣͱҪֿҪ໥ڣǾʧȥѹһ塣
ϣɳѹһĳһ顣ɳ֮䣬ĳֱ仯λ֮䣬ͳ󷨣δؾͲγһ־ѵķˮơ
ͻȻ䣬࿪ڲһ䡣
ɳǲͨĳǳأɳǱһ챦Ĵڣһأһˮ֮ء
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ǽ࣬ӿֳ뷨ͷʱҲ̲סĿʼġ
Ĵ٣κηˮʦԣ޷ܵջ
ɳΪķˮˮ趼ͻͽﵽһ־˵ĲΡջ󣬽޷ܡ
뵽һʱͺԥĿڲһ䡣
ɳΪ·ˮ󣿡
оһҲһ䡣Ŀ᲻֪
ɣõĺô̫ˡ
ѣɲǿЦˮȻҪޱȣҴҲԲֻͳｮ򣬱Ȼ᲻šһţǲ·ˮʱƻơ
г˵
һˮͼǽٴһԲ죬չַΧԽ󣬷ˮƵԽǿˮͼĳû㲼Ĳ־춯أǵпΪ̫ƽ⣬ɳΪȴ׿ԭҪĸȻơýĳˮ󣬽ĳԸס
¶һڷˮʦִᶨ
ˮʦҪΪֻһ취ڷˮһݾ¸ַˮһɣˮȻԷˮʦΪٶ벻춼ѡ
һˮջ󣬽޷ֵֻһ˿Ŀܡ


738 ɽ
ڽ˵ƳҲһݣ֪˳֮ʱͶ˳˽⣬̤֮·Ҳ֮Ȼܲȥ˽⡣
һˮ޹顣
˵ľǼе·
˵һҪֳ£󣬶Ϊ˵۷ѣһֽݾһֵ;ն;ͬ顣
߹Ī⣬ָ˾˳˳ˣҵλٶԶˣȻһǧ޷ˮǷˮʦˮʦԸ컻أߵǬΪֶΡһڷˮУܷӳԶƷס֮ܵȻΪá
ɳΪ·ˮ˵ҪƣҲԲһ׵飬ˮ󣬶ڸɳǶ档Ԫ˵пܲЧ
⹤̣ʵǡ̫ˣ
ɲǼ򵥵ĽǳŲƿɣҪп߲ⶨΣȵȣҪѼȥƵͼȷβ֣ε֮
һҪģĽпߣҪǨƴկӦλạֹ̃Ƕʱɵġÿ˵΢ΪӦѭ򽥽ȽկΪɳǡɿߺ취Ǩơ
ҪǨƳǳأһ챦ǾǨֻǣǨ챦ңеҲ࣬ǨвȷԣһãǨ漴ŲƵκδԸڰǰֻһǾ¹滮ٴԽ½կɳǡ
׵ͷ
ΣǨ֮ʮشǨȫף˵ûôǨУ˵Ὣկ֪ǨƵʲôطȥף֮£Ȼô׵Ķ
ͺǋһǨ֪ǨƵʲôطȥ
Ǩ֮£Ǳϸòܳ֡
ϣǨ֮£ĳǿԳһ
ͻȻ˵
֪кʱȤѯʵ
ڽĳУһ֮Ϊɽޡɽ޿ɽɽʹɽֻҪܽɽƳȫԽɽ֮߶կŲϵӦλáϷˮ֮
࿪˵
ɽһʮֶصķʹɽѹˣʹãǱڷˮʦУֱӸıòв·ˮֻҪڴϣʱضԸıΪԼҪĵò
ҪƳɽ޿ɲô򵥵ġղأûа취Ƴ
ɽޣ֪ҪʲôϣУҿȫֽ֧Ƹɽޡ
оһԥ˵
ڸɽİд˵
С˵򡷼Ҫԡƣʼʯţճʱˣʯºʯȥ٣֮Ϥࡣɽʯ㣬״̶
˵ľʼʵҲһɽޣԸɽʯ
񻰴˵Ҳиɽ޵Ĵ˵ܹʹɽɽߡ
ȻҲ֪ɽıһƳڷˮʦԣĪջ󡣶Էˮ̫֮档
ҪƸɽޣõȻһ챦챦ĻֻҪдơͿԾɽûУ˶ΣҪĵرΪģвϣƺ󷽲ſȻ챦ĸɽв죬ǱҲв졣ɿɽĹ̡
໺˵
ƽҲһ˿
ȻҲҪһɽޡ

΢йâһȻһͭɫޣⲻͨĳޣͨ嶼һġУ͸һࡣһһڽڷֿһʮŽڡᲢáɷֿɺϡ
һղصһ챦ޣңҲûнƣҪɽޣǾһ챦ǱǿɱĻ󡣽ǼҴˮʦ֮λͬСҴ֮еķˮ㲼á
¼䣬Ŀֱڽϡ
ӻƽɳĮǴҪڴ׵뷨
ˮʦʵ̫ˣңдУѾ̤Ϸˮʦ·ľ͸٣ÿһ䱦һɾδڶ
лὫ֮У᳢һΡ
йâ˸á
ּûκηڵĿܣˮʦ֮̽УܵظעӣܴҵλͬʱѾҪָɲô򵥡һӦǿɾһӵ顣
Ժǲܵ顣
ˮʦ˳ԺҪϵӽܡ
ûϴӦĹâҲܿĳвƽֻǣ˿ǿͭޣ뵽Լչȭţʩչˮ֮Ļᡣ
գһֳйϵݼϣ
һµǾ֮
һҲŽѾףΪ׵һԱ
ãƽܼҴף绢
¶Ц⡣
Ȼһֵף顣
˵䣬еǸ޺ԥ͵С
ɽҪáпѯʵ
챦ߣƾͿԳΪĸɽޣҪңǲϼĹ̡һؽƣҲϵǨƸկָλá
סޣҲһ˿ɽǷˮʦõı֮һ
ڵõûɲ
Ǿͺãڿ֮赣ǣֻҪԸ⣬ԲｮڵһеͼʱڻɡǴһйء
Ц˵
̾뷨ʦۣ֮Ѿʼһɣ׸ʱ̣ʱ˼ı仯
ȻˣΪһɳΪկ򶼽ΪɳǣִһȨߡھƷжλҪԶۡ
Ƴ忪ڽعھƷƶλ⡣
ϾһһɳǾѹһƴյְλҪԾԷͬСɡ
˲ãҲС
Щ˭ʣϾ¹Ƹһ֮Ʒλҵλֻвʵˡ
ɣɳ֮һɲ飬ңЩկ֮ͶʧȥΪ˳֮֮ĻᣬȻҲӦõõ֮λΪƷ֮λÿʮֵһΡκһɳ֮ڣ߲óʮꡣﵽʮ꣬ͱɳǵγ
΢󣬿˵Գ֮λƷյȷ
붨ΪƷ벢ûô


739 
ҵλɲǴײˣҪ˲ҵλԺ󣬻֪жɳǣȫǶƷѹǾ޴ġ
˵ƷѾʮָߡҵλƷ
λѾߡ
ܵҵλӳ֣൱ˡ
ƷܺʣҲͣȴȫɳ֮ݵλ³ʦ׵ͷʾͬƷλߡ
ͬ
ڼͷ˵
漴һٴξ;Ʒֹ滮ۡһϵ
ϣȷƣǾͲܲӡӡ֮£Ҳǲݺӡӡλ񣬾ҵλͻȻ˵
ӡκγҪġ
ӡݣǵλ˳Уҵλ
ǾԲȱٵĶ
˳ʱЩִ٣ЩҪ׼Ķȴûֻʱʱȥƣ©ȱֲܵ
ӡҵλҲݡзڣӡȻʱȱʧӰķ񡣵ºٽͳһ졣һ㣬ͽ³ʦԹ֡
׵ͷȷʵһ֮
漴һۺսеľƷƶ
ȷһ֣ǰѾһ˸žŲ֮ɫİ񵥣ɢһɶص
Ƿ
뷷⣺ѼΪҵλ
п뷷⣬ڷϺȻֳһ֡
Աߡ
󣺲
Уӡ棬ϹâһʱͿһεƾճ֣뵽ڡ
ƣ
һ̣һķڸ֣ϼȻȻɢһԵĹֹеĵǹ󲻿ԡ
ҵλ˷֮λ˵λ֮ߣСҵλ˲Ӵ˹עڡ˷ֻиոտ˳ǵȵԺ˳ʱܵõÿһζޱ
˷һʼ֮ǰ͵õеѣԥľͿʼתλһΪ綼ڷƽʱȣֱǼ˻һ쵽˼ĵز
Ǵδйĸܡ
ҵλֻ֮£ӵжʮ߱ε˷ΪһڡϾڱؽһ󲽡
паԵͷ
˾˵ҵλ˼ԺΪѡ
ڲΪ󣬲߿ҲǰԵͷ¶һ˿ο֮ɫеĿøӵ׽˳κ뷷ⶼǿЦģݣһ뷷⣬ǲܱġǷʲôıʡ
λǲɺġ
μ
Ⱥ׷׳Ųݼ
λƽҵλ˷ڽܷ֮СЦ˵ֻҪλõҵλͬᷴ˷֮£Խͻƿʵͻͽϣڽ󶼿Ϊ׹ǿףԽǿȻܵҵλԽǿȡĺôԽ󡣡
䣬ҵλޱߺô
˷ַһඥ˳֮ڹȻôƵ
³ʦԵͷ
УͬԾԾԡһ¶˷֮ɫ
ҵҵ˳ʱ䣬һΪ棬Ϊ档ھܳɹʱ̣е˷֪ܿ
ڲõ˷ҵλʱ
ȻϿգϼԼ䣬ܿһķϿհ衣
ͬʱ뷷ΪĻҲƳǣǷԲｮڣڻصֱ֮ͨӳڴ֮ڡ
𣬸ÿһԺи֡
С
ǣ񣡣
УһЩмʶҲ񶯡ҵλӽǿܴˡȡޱߵĺô
뷷⣺ҵΪλһƷ
ٴο뷷
϶ʱֳҵ֡
Уȡƴо¡룬øӣʿƸ־ӵǶսڷصȵ֮⣬˲øתٴǿ
룬ʼնǿ⡣
һΣǳ׽֮ȫֿ
ʩеǾƷơԿһϵԱ治ˣſԱ֤еĴ⡣
֤нĹƽҲǴײϱǿһʯ
лϣ
ҵǰл
һ̣ҵλȴû¡
ûȴҪԼӸ
뷷⣺Ϊ켮λһƷ
ٴ뷷
Уƹܻ֮£ֱӷ룬켮ƹܴ֮˿ڻǼǡκˣֻҪڴ֮ڣǼǻᡣκ⡣
֮ǰУȷһְֿ
֮£˿ڴ£˿ͳƣǹ֮¡ݲκεƹܵľǻǮΪʾӣϾ֡
ר켮ƹܡ
Ȩʵ򣬶ڹ֮£Ҫޱȡ
Դƹ켮ҲǾҵҵûУҲûз켮飬ҲʮֵĵӦ֣йҲһݷ͡
лϡ
ڲе˷ϲȫǿġ
뷷⣺³ʦΪ칤顣λһƷ
м뷷
칤ʱ˵ΪƳǵķչṩİֽ裬칤ڳ³ʦȻһķоּϣȴּΪƷ
ƣսը󣬴ȵȣǳ칤ֱֽۡŵȵȣַƳз췭ظı仯
֮ȻһĿȻ
ʵְλȴûиõѡʱ档һԣǲһְλ˵ְλεٶ࣬ҵλʼֻһһһڶġ
ֻҵʵѡٽбá
˳֮Ȼܼ򵥾ͼһЩԺơ
лϡ
³ʦЦǰͷӦ
뷷⣬ƳΪµְ֮λһƷ
µ졣ƹ¹ȴһ̸ڣΨе¸أд󹦼֮˲ſɽ롣ݵλ
ҲֻлƳƹܡ
뷷⣺Ϊܹܣܹ⹬Ů֮¡λƷ

һ뷷ϵĴпз
תۼ䣬һ뷷ⷢ
뷷ĶһЩҪţԭȵһЩкܶ뷷Ⲣûڴе³ʱͳɣֻҪһʥּͿԡ
뷷ϵ
ݵԺС


740 
ÿһ뷷⣬𶯣۷׷ס
ʮּ
˳뷷⣬ͬһ뷷⣬ҵλֱҫңΪˣõ޴Ľ˷һĪĻԵ˷УܶʲһĴøǿ
뷷⣺ΪܴˡƷһƷ
뷷⣺ԺΪңܴˣƷ׳Ʒҵλ
뷷⣺ΪңܴˣƷһƴҵλ
ҲûԼļˡ
áԺȻĸûа취Ҳû̫ϻʵҵλң˳֮УӲ̫ϻҵλ
ĸŮԼãȴû𣬴СǸ񣬷ΪȻ˳µ顣ĸܸ̫ϻʵλã뷷ңϣǽһңΪӰ졣
Щ뷷ľ
йм£ĳ̶ֳϿ˵֮ϣƳȶûκηԲ˼
˳֮У뷷ĸãⱾû˿ɶԵ顣
ңԺˣûгƳǹڻûһ⡣
뷷⣬Ϊ顣µѧλһƷ
м뷷
ߣ˵ʱûкѡֻʱܣкѡٽΡʱֻ鷳ˡ
֪Ҫٳ֮£ڴ֮У˲ϡȱûа취ֻܶץ׳ˡ
Ȼˣʱҿ
߿һ۲ĿϿһۣ¶һ˿ͣ׵ͷӦ
ЩӣζԼŮĸ飬Ҳֱӿ۵סǺԥ뷷ΪѾȫչ¶˴˼顣
뷷Ϊݴ̲顣λһƷ
ٴ뷷
̲Ҫ̷ͨưĶ˲ƿء
ֻһλͨӹ֮ţԭȱֻһͷһߵڣȫΪ΢ĩиеԭܣ˵ƹŶЩǿƹ̲ȷʵЩΧ֮ڡûк˲ŵ£ֻȨ֮ơ
лϣ
ɫϲϲҲ¶һ˿֮̿ɫԼóȻԾݸλһͬλðĸо
뷷ѦΪ򱦵飬λһƷ
ְܷ룬ȴȱʧû̫õѡƹ켮Ѿޣְλûн룬Ѧ
֮£ƹܵľǮƸ˰ְܡһ㣬ȻѦֺϷ
ҲʱȨ֮ơ
ȵкѡЭֵ
ȸ˵ʣٵ
뷷⣺Ϊ֮£仯˷ˮ仯λһƷ
һ뷷ⲻϵ´
ڴУÿһ϶¶ϲ֮ɫ
Щд΢ĩˣһõҪ뷷⡣
뷷⣡
֪Уе뷷ȫɺסŷӡȥ
ӡȥһɲǣʱͿŷ˲ų޾ľŲϼ⣬һÿһڡڽڵͬʱҲϢ䣬һ˿С
ǣҵλҸоһϵѾܲɷ֡
ɵҸоɵСڴҵλ
˷ҸоһǿԴԴϵĽڡָоʵ̫ˡҪͻˡҸоǰƿѾȫʧ
̫ˣҸоǰڵİ˷¾Ȼ޸ʧָо̫ˡ
һб뷷ڡ
ʱûκԥһٵĳڣƴתʼץסһλᣬͻơ
ҵλ󣬵õҵλǶʮ߱
ңҵλͬˣǶʮ߱
һƷʮ˱ٶȡ
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮı
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮ
Ʒ˱
Ʒ
Ʒı
Ʒ
ҵλÿʱỵֻ̈Ҫҵλʧôڡ

ӡȥһɲǣɽС
ɽϡ
ʦֵһͻȻһ񣬸одһεΰԴԴϵĹעڡͬʱԪٶȱ֮ǰϲʮ˱
ָоǰδУ·ؼļʧصȻǰǳ˷ˡ
뷷⣺ΪλһƷ
̵ԺУһʱ両ֳһ
ǸǸ罨ġ
̲סӿֳһϲ
漴ͱӴ˷񳹵׳ڣٽ˷øǿ
ô£쿴ʦôͻȻŨ⣬һɾǿΰȫ
޷ÿ£Ϊʲôʦñøӵĸ߹󣬺󲻿ԡ
ܵӷ׷¶֮ɫ
ͻȻı仯ȫû뵽ġ
ҺˣҪ
ɫ۵ӶȻ˵
ˢ
УһȻԿʿա
ֵģһλ̹װһʣŮŮӡ

ӷ׷׳سֵŮӰݼ
񡣡
׵ͷ˵һ䡣
Ŀϣ¶֮ɫ
ҵλ˷ǵõ˳뷷⣬ңҵλߡ̵򵥡ͨոյõش̵ĴؼΨһһ˳֮йأңϵ򵥡û뵽ŵλС
һ̡
Ȼֲܻᷢʲôҵλ˷һĪ컯ؼǣҵλżΪܵϵ
˳֮ˡ
û뵽ᵽһ߾Ȼ˳֮ϵһ鷳£˳һɳӵеʵ̣ѷɫӿ¡ԺҪζԴ
ų΢΢ü˵
̵ڵõҵλʱǾѾýȻͬߣ˳еĳݣҲоһͷʹ
Ҫ֪Ǳģ˭֪Է̬Ȼʲô
˳Բͨ
ߣΡҲûп粻֪жҪŶɵáܳΪŵӣҲ컯
гȴǺ˵
ԭȵʲôڵõ˳ҵλٶȱ֮ǰ죬̽ĳɾ;Բ˳ˣѵֲŵĵô˳Ĺһݵ¡
绪Ůƽ˵


741 
ٴοһ̣Ůƽ˵Ѻ󣬽ңΪͽҵݣû˳ݣҵλ︽壬˳˼ĺã⽫һǿߡ
Լһֻڷ裬󣬲ͨУ˳УֻŮҪǴЩ̵ݵλҲ֮ĸ߶ȡ
ҲֻӶѡ
ҵλֻҵλܲɳĿɲ˭ҵλߣõܸǿġջҪûгɳ
Ͽա
ƺУɵУ֣ľȴʱԼӳ˵С
ɵڣܿеӰϣߣȻǲ
棬һűϣһӰ֡
ЩӰȻǽ뷷֮˵òʵûʲô
Ǿɵô濴ϻ󡣡
ɵлнܷȺһ͸һ棬簡֪ʲôʱɵҲӵҵλá
ֱ˵еûֻҪõ뷷⣬սɵеõ뷷Ϊoɵٻһֱû𡣡
Ǵ׸ոտϵ۲Ŵԣ϶ῪȡʿѡȡԱֻҪܿƾ٣˵ҲԳΪһԱ֮˳֮ȱٵľͬĲ֮ʿҰĵ¶֮ɫ
˳Ľúܶ౾ڹев֮ʿ׷׿ʼĶ
һ˳κʱ̣ⶼʮѵõ顣
ǰ;еı
ѧһݾ˵ѧ߳ѧӣڴȳΪйʸҪܼ벻ѧΪҲС¶ѡ
вѧ֮ʿԿʼΪ㡣
˳ǰδСܼ룬ǰ;ȻǲѵҺͫ|ҪС̹һôʵǲİ
ͫ|̧ۿգǶС۾Ǿ̾븴ӡ
ˣҪˣû˸Ȼ˵ͷйɸ
̰ˣĲ̰ˡ̰Ĳа½ѾµʱҺͫ|һµδͫ|¶ᶨ֮ɫ
֪Сʱգ۹ȥ
ֻڳУһһĲת
ÿһɢϢȻǣȻ˷Уȡ˵ĺôĲ˵Ϊ綼Ǵܶ඼ǵͻƵϾ
˷УԭΪѣҲۻصḺ́üΪ򵥡һ˲ǧꡣһľУ㣬֪ʱţɵĽһöö۳ȻȻͻơǽһ·ͻͽϾ
ԭȾѾϾģоڵϱԴԾ˵ٶܵصϾͺѹ˵Ůĳǰû˿ȡصеḶ́ʮֵȻʲôǰϰͨͨڡ
Ǽԭʲõˣ˷£ҲǽͻƣΪͻͽĸоȫһλͨʿᵽŵٶȡ
ָоʵ޷
˳֮кУҵλĸоʵ̫ˡԭͨˣҲţԭȵűȻﵽ˵ĵز콾
˵ֻ˳ϱǿԽԽǿ˳ҵλṩӾˣʮпܾǼʮٱٶȡκεҩݾҪӵѸ͡Ǻ
Ҫ£ôøǿ󡣡
ܵҵλᣬе˷׷аһͷеͬǵǵ档⵰⣬еһݣͬǵһݡ󣬲ܳԵĸࡣõࡣ
һʱ䣬ͼᶨøӵļᶨ
ǲɺ
һģһٳɳĽݾ
лϣ
ȫת󣬸ڴΪ磬дϲͬʱҲϷал
ƽ
׵ͷЩӦõġдһĸңµˡҵģҲڴҵģյġ
仰˵ĴԽӵóϷеĿ⣬ӵҳϡ
ϣȻѾ˳ǴΧڣҲӦʼ¸˰԰ġ
ѦǰһվڴУ
˰һҪĸûи˰ûǮûǮһ͵ûжʧȥͳһеȻĺǼΪصġ
ΪûǮױ
˰գյıǶ١Щ뾡ȷڵĻܸõת
˳ңʿ
ڴ֮У˶ʿͨȫġټɳѹһĹߡǻҰֹ뻷Ӱ츳˰ı仯
˰︳˰յܳơ׻ĸ˰ͳȡۺʵԺ󽥱ΪվۼƷΪؼ̾ӪղΪ˰
︳ڵĴ˵в졣
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򣬳ΪʿͨʳѾûֻ̫ӡԸͨʳάƣǲܵ飬תֲ
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749 ͯ澭
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뿪֮ңǰУһתһģƴݡݹᴩռ䡣ֱﶥ˵
շУֶΣƿƣʵﵽĳ־˵ĲΡƿһС

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˵һӦеĹ
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һ˸оһ־
Ȼɡ
һΨз檾ҪԱһ
ԼоԼһ˿Ӧ
ƺǾ춨޾֮ء
֣ȷʵǵ춨޾֮ءһ֮һɻ֮˳֮֮סȥͻ񡣡
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û֣ɷ
Ҳͷ¶һ˿ϲɫܵϲ
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ȷһɲǣʱ֮ȻС
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Ц˵
ȷ¹
ϣ¹ʮɷѾִǷҪӼ
԰
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750 
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վǰǰ嫵ͺվڳ˯ľǰԼɨѣôôоǸǰɨصġ
һֱ΢ĸоԾĸֳ
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ǰȫͬһǰСƣɾɹ¹ӢǰĴɲ١֮Ĺϵﳩͨ裬ͨСǰеһһľ˵ϤҲӡ
ڿһȴԵ˵İ
ɱı仯ǵ߸Եġ仯ʵ̫ˡ
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˿̵лԵЩߣϾǸոɱ䣬ܶ໨ľû֣Ҫ֣ҪĵĴЩǰ̫жӦ˲š
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ĻУ֮ǰЩÿı仯췭ظġ
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Բк壬Ȼʼоûƹ˵뿪뿪ĻɲȴʼձһӼŬԼһ֮ĸݣƳУ°֮ġ
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һ㣬¹ӢԼԸʹȻ
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ŮдһкЯֳȥ׼һúÿϤϤĻʵ̫ˡ
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ȻǣҴݵκˣƽջǰ壬ڴ֮Уһͬʡϣ¡ֻҪԴײƻҲǰݡɱִֺ̿η
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׼齨İΪ֣Ϊڵ˶ԣһֽ֣ͬ٣ͬ𶥣Ʋɵֻӭӭѡ
ֻֽԹ𣬲ӵм°ٹٵм鱨̽һжԴеĴڣΪǴȥ֡ɱ֣Ժͬɱֻжɱ֣ʸ֡
¶һ˿Ȼһһ䣬˵
֣Ҫİһеͷ֡
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751 ͯ˯ͼ
Ϊ죬
вûشֱӷΧһ䣬Ŀͯϣ´Ҳɰ̾ȻĽСȴѾһλӡһô޷ġ
СֻôĶ֪
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ͯգգ۾¶֮ɫԥ˵
ҳϣģܸг롣
ְλҪְôܽκİˡͯȷʵҪΪ졣п˵ҪʱоͶְλһǿҵĿ
ĴȣֻҪлᣬȻҪס
Ϊҳкβɡ
Ķ֣˭˵ԣƾʲôšƽ˵һλ֮ҵλλһƷʮ˱Դҵλڴ׶ԣÿһΪ󡣡
ҪƿԼе֣һпʧص֡
ɱһ¶˷֮ɫ
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ͯʿУü¶һڱص֮ġ
о壬йԣܶ˲̬ǺġΨһɱһƬյľܶ
ͯһֱһܣǾжһǿҵĳݡ
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⸱ͼȻͯ澭ĸͼΪͯ˯ͼ
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壬½ϵһ˳ؼĴڡңΪ彨һƬΪڷ絲꣬һ㣬ףҵɱӵиӹǰ;Ϊ£˺ɱ֡Կٱǿ
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һˣκ˶ǿӵһϷݡ׾õѡ񣬽֣ΪδȥɱɱԻøԴֻһ㣬˿ԾܾϢһȥӦ߻ﵽųɣǵڰУ׼䣬ûκ˿Կ鱨ɱȲŶ׹
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ټʱԽ뵽ײ㣬ΪǲǰݣǱũ򣬾̷µģ֪У鱨ͻ۵ֵС
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յҪѪ͡
ϣܸͯҴһľϲɢĸֿɲչ鼺ãһӴΣţҪǿ
аԳ
ŵʵѾʼòô⡣
ȱٸ֣ȱǿߡȱܽ׳˲š
׻Ƿȱ
Ҳֻһ˵£ֻʱִơ
ƳǣѪ⡣
һĽ䡣
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˼û뵽ôãȻѪħǷﾹȻᱩ¶μڵѪɷ֮Ϊ˿ԲǷ˷ѱһõļƻ
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752 
ȻǱ壬ԽѹȣԽǿ֮Уһɢɳ̶̼ʱͿ۳ţٳټе治С˳۹ˡ֮ȻλᣬѾ޷׺Ƴǣ壬򡣡
ǵٴ૵
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ģΪһ塣
İգڴأεץסݡΪ˴ףϧһУЩ˶Ƿӡ
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Щ˸ͲҲѪѾеһҫһִͳǴزһѣѪǣȴѪⳤ棬л겻
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ףٺ٣Уɱ¾ǲֹͣģҪȣͿûʵڲġ
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Уÿ춼ڱ仯ÿһ˶Ŀһɳһɣɫĳǽɢһֺؼͣÿһ̤ڳеİմǿҵİȫС
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˭֪һУɴ״ġҪȻǰԷԲӲҪ˵ס˰ȫɳ֮ڡ
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ⲻǽôԸɽޣ߶֮һ㣬ʵǲܺɳǵġ
һֿµĻء
һ۵ʿޣϳڴϣһĲˣһɳڲпǰƶƺǱǰ񱼣ٶȻִ֮зֿɳǹȥºǻ棬ʮֵĹ档
;ɳǣɳеİһ档Ǿȡ
ԳϵӦλú󣬽ȥԳȻûгκΪƶļ󡣸ǰûκ
ңºоܵĵɳǺӦܵԪɳǻܱۡȻľ֮ĹЧ
󣬽ٴθһɳǡɳҲűϣָλÿƶ
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֪УƳΪģɳӰ㣬ʼֲءÿһɳǹλе˷һαǡ


753 
֮һµգۣȻȻˣµİԽ࣬ŨڹߡκһߣֻҪƶʩȥܸ°츣ùϡһ㣬Ҫ˳ԱġȻ
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ǰɫˣƺУǹˡ
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Ķͷϣǳгһֳͯޡ
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ⲻǹͨɡͯ澭۳ξ֮ξклĪ⡣ξͬξ֮չֳɫҲͬʱξ֮ǰõһһɫΪҵıңԴӡǡӡûйҲֻܱͨݣһͽɫӡǾͻữΪج֣ʴ꣬Էһ
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⼸Уɫĵ֮
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УֻҪʮ꣬Ϳѡ£ǳָݡѡȨԼֻǣڸսʮ֮ڣǲ׼Ψһơ
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ټλǰΪҴ׽֮ڣÿǧ֮⣬ɳѹɳʣ࣬ԭеĽѾɳǡҪȥͱšټǰΪλ˼
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ĴףѾã˳µ顣ԽռݸĽԴиĺô
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ҪȥΪ״һƬԷĽֻҪͲЩ֮λҪκηͶԡ
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ԴӴ׽֮ݼ̹Ѿʽף󡣲ھӪͨʿݼ룬ʿͬͬ˯񣬻ɱޣ
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аԷģֻҪţھаУѵһʿ
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п˵
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ЩУȻҲżǿϽ֮ġмΪ㣬ңؾжھܵԼڲѧ󣬸ǲϳѧѧϰҵıսϽ֮ģȺܶ˶ǿҡ
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ֽһɫУҵһһ˵˵䣬ǾҵС
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һȸŵĽʿĿעսϡУ˲ӿֳһǿҵĹСֹУǵĽŽһ
ӽȸսڣȸžڣս첻ȸھڣپɡȸŹȸս칲ԵѪȸϻޡ
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ͷɶϣѪһսݣ
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ҪΪӪҰʳءǶ׵ţֹ취ֹ
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ڴ׾ڣγɵ״̬ǻҰΣ֮أɳޣĽÿ춼дɱ¾ڽСɳΪܣûҰеĲ壬Ӷѹǰһ壬Ѫʳǲܵ顣
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жʱףֻ鷳ˡ


770 ̻ʵ
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771 ö
˵һɲǣԥóֻԼĶ䡣
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ǰƳвһǽ𡣿ҳ˵ܶԸɱԸ̻ʳ衣ҲҪҵĶġ
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772 ɱ
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773 ͯʵľ
ִһΪŵĽŲֻһ㣬ͲܶԴӡ
Ȼд֮ǰѾ֮ЩУ̽һ˵ϢЩգҪϵǰеıؾ֮·ϣЩյвףвϣ˳ȻǾҪֶЩ޴İ¶֡
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֮ǰѾϾңٳһϣйĺôǾ٣ңķѵԴ٣ϣҪϵȻ򣬾йȴԱɷ֮ȻȻۡһ㣬˵ʮֱݡ
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ȻóһʵĽɫԿףԿףԲΣֻԲϸֳϸСĿ׶ԿײȥԿϵĿ׶Ȼ͹ƽľݣԿ׿ϡ
һöԿףԪ߶ԿϵĿ׶ѡԵĳһݣһκβܴȴš
˵ҪһöԿףʲô򵥵顣
ֶΡ
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߽УһܡڻϰڷŸֱбϻװŵģҲֱӷġϸȥﴢı˿һۿȥǣĿܶƷȻ˸ű⡣Ǳ⣬ƺ챦Ĺâ
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ԿܶϡŹֵƷ
ˣĹͣǰı⡣ͿۿѡʲôԽнף׵ĻҪҡ֪Ƿܡ
꿪˵ԼıʮţţԼеıһ´ʵҡ
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һܣڻϺȻԿһֻˮƿƿװһ߲ʵҺ壬һʺ㣬ʮѤϲ
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꿪ڽܵ
ʺҩҲеõƷ
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ַȵĴСܶҩƷʲӰ졣
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ٴοһߵһƿɫҩҩðɫݣôŵҩ
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һ㣬һ֡
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һɨӹȥЩ챦УкܴһֶǽǨƷܶ˲ҪկЩҲûʲôôڰѪֱӾʹˣȡһǮƣҲӵлȥıǮ
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ף񡣼Ȼֹһ
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ţߣѵʮФ񡣡
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ǰ²⣬ٴҵҲһ̣ÿ϶


786 뼦
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һʼͱòͬǵܵܰһģһȫһԵı飬һһöһȻľҲǼΪġοл
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йâһڻƽɳĮдӽйߵʱһöȻĲͬǽ׵Ķͬ۸вģûӦʮöҲ˵δ۳ۣЧ޵ĺܡֵԶûôߡһöҡ
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챦һһսǵУһ˫иֻǣ˫иأŰһ𣬱һԲΡУһǺɫһǰɫڰ֮䣬·ֽ̺Ȼͬļգȴںһ
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Ҳһص챦һ˸áƺսԡϿɣǲġ
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ҲּۣٴóöңȻֱսǰֳս˹ȥ

סһɲǣսһ𣬶ʱһһѸٳϯһɳȣһɱҵܷһУܱ
ڣҪ
Ȼڽȥк׵ðһǿĽ˽ȥ
Ȼ֮ϧҵ϶ԣЩֻǲƷ
սֻ̺֮Ƿһγڷиº󣬶ʱͰǾսĿУסֵ˾ʸΪˣסȥս
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סսһʮĿֲսһ㶼ûиоѹֵӦֵĸо
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һ䣬սѾڣСһȻȻСıѾﵽʮ㣬ӵһ磬ʮСǧ硣ÿһѾﵽԲǧľ˷ΧѾʼԲĲΡ
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ҪķѾǺԴȻǿٵԽԽá
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ŵѸٱáһɾ˵֮ȹ̡սĸʵ̫ˣƬ
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һһڣȻӶʮɱɶʮһأʮһ㱦
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̺漣Ʒ̺˼Ĵ컯ⲻ챦ҲƳķ鱦Ʒ컯漣ֻ֮Ͽ
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һ˵ֻ֮ͨҪ֮׼ͿԻȡӦ֪ʶ֪ʶһС
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֮ͬ˸֣Ȼ֮Ҳﲻ֪֮꣬κ׼ܻȡ޷ĺôܶҪĹ屦Ȼһ챦󣬿ȴһ챦ϡ٣ϡȱ
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꿴У¶һ˿ֱӿ˵ȻѯʣѾԵʮƶ
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ѪȻϵǰѪõĶһ챦һ棬һڰѪУһڰѪ⡣ƽʱпҲ밵Ѫͨʱںйرպ󣬴ͻرա֮ǰɽڣֻаѪо֪ûб¶
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н˳˵ҴŵĽŲֹͣƬҴױ߽֮⣬´ţƬͽ׽֮ڡʱϣѪܸҴһУԸҴ׵աȥ
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789 ħս

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ԣǰʮߣɵʹͣޱ컯
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ìʱõһսɽؾкѾΪ׵ղ֮һսì˲࣬ӦսҲࡣûʲô޵ɣΪǿսȻѡս
Ѫںпٳڿռ䡣
Ƭռ䣬ȡؼ޾ִƬһޡʮֿײУһĶ顣
ڿռʮ޷룬ֻǾ룬Ȼ룬Դ꾫ɱⲫɱɱޣľԴȻȻ뵽ʶСǿ׳ʶԴ
֪һмһпоͻ⴦ڿռ䣬һǻɱޣǽЩĥսͨȵȡ
ȻҪĥս
κһµսУҪ̿޲ܵӦ֣УȴԴԴϵĶֽĥ¡д⣬һɱбøǿϵ򣬴ɳ
ޣ񺣾ϾͼĿ´ڡ
ɱһв
ս
սУɳҪ춼ѡ
ϸȥпսì
Կһսһսһսһս
Щ۳⣬ܿһ⻷˸
Щ⣬ȫһľ硣
ֻڶɽʱƳУڻҰ֮Уʼû֪۳˶⡣Ѿɹһ׽١
ս۵Ȼһס
ɱ
Ƭɱսìʧս˲֣һն
һŵؽ׼Ʒս
ʮʽഫҧֻа룬һԴڶСͶ䣬аӴšĸа£ҡж֡
ȻʲôԴС֮ʽȫǳҧԼȡ֡Ȿһ֮ĸһ£ս١ҡ
Ҫ÷У硢Ĩҡ§صȣѾЩںϡÿһʽ̺⡣
ܿһ޾Ȼ޷ս£Ӳ롣
ÿһж磬ٶȾˡ
̺һ

־Ժ뿪ʱʶںȻԿһεξӨҺ帡֣ʶУʶڻΪһενɫҺ塣ȻȻšӣκ
Ǹÿʼͻƣͼ֮ס
Ȼɱαչȴûн
ĿľҪͼͼһֱӽǡǳͼ۵
̲ѡֻҪϱԴĻ۾㹻
һǱĬĹ̡
ΣյģΪǳĹǲϵġ
ͼǳ͵ڴͼĹɽṹ
ԭͼɾͶӰ۶ɡ
ԣʱͶӰ໥֮ƽģһõͼжǳʵײ븺һãͼ˶겻ɣش
ԣڵ֮Уͬʱ۶öǳԾǿѹͼѹԾ־Ҳѹ
ûǿͼȹ̶
ǣʼ
һȻ
һûκγɣѾС
ͼ̾Ͽա
ͼѾпʼʵɱ䣬Ѿ֮ң
ֻһ˿ɡ
ۣϣ
һ䣬ͼУһɹϱԴٻۣԭϾͶӰõǳۿɼٶѸٵͺǺڰеǹ𣬿ٱȼ
ͼÿʱÿ̶۵ϷֻһֱɢͼУ˿̳׻¡ʱʼɱ䡣
Ϸķʽ֯һ𣬻ΪһööصķĿٱá˸
ۣ
ڳ£۱ǳĹ̳Ѱ˳˲Ϣ䣬һö貵ǳȻۣɢһ貵ǹ⡣˲䳯ͼҫȥ

ǳͼб۵һɲǣֻͼһ׷׷ʹŤʼƺһɿµھá
ʵõײ
ͼУɣֻΪʵʣûۣ˲ʧ⡣Ȼķɣͼʼֱļ
ʶϣͼѹͼ
ĿһĻûκλңһԤ֮С
һ£ʶо˵ľʱ糱ˮϯӿ񺣣˲ͼԹ֮ȹѹͼ
һ˿˿糱ˮ㸲ͼѹͼз񷭹
ʶѹ£ͼУʹ຿е׷ٴƽ
ϣ
ûκԥһ䣬ڶöǳͼпʼۡ
ٶȼ죬գۼ䣬һöǳٴ۵
󣬲ûͼеķɼӵǿңҡ־дĳǿ
ãǰʶϣѪ׳ʶǾͱ밴Ͱ۳һöôʱȹ̣ȶͼٳ۵ڶööҲҪְͰࡣʶϣҼѹ
аһݣһ䣬ʱöǳʼۡ
һΣϡ
һööö
ÿһöǳ۵ʱ䶼ڲӡ
ʶУĸǲϱ
ÿѹӡ
ⲢûжɲԽ谭
ʶ̺ľ㹻ǿ
ϳ۵ɲǣҳͻɵͼȻѹʼС·ͼһӵʵ֧
һǹѸٳͼ
ˮϣǳ
һ䣬һöǳۡ
ۺͼٴαøȹ̣ͼøʵɢͬӵĺؿ¡
һööö
ͼǳ׵һɲǣʱͼʼų貵⡣ЩǹͼвϽ֯ײΪһööģͼ
ÿһöͼø


794  ħ֮
ǳͼ۵ԽԽ࣬ͼдݳķҲڲϵС棬ѾҪ־ѹͼȻȹֹ̡̣ԽԽɡ
ڵĻ̫ǿˣнɽͼͼÿʱÿ̶ϱԴϣͼǳѾﵽǳĵز
ͼȶһööǳȻȻۡ
ǳʱͼʱýȻͬ
ͼУһԣϷ򽻴ͼͼøʵңѾﵽһ鵽ʵãʵĵز
۳ԽɢȻ䱩
ͼȹ̣ζͼøǿ
ãѾһףԴֻ֮Ҫϻۣ÷ͼͼǳǿͼͻȲңͼǳȫۣʡ´ʱ䡣ҪͨʿһһöҪȹ̣ȵһͻƵͼһ׾ˮɵ顣
ǵǿĺô
ɽͼͼ̴һǳɵɵǹ̡Уʡ´ʱ䲻˵ͼɹɣʱԷӳǿս
Ҫ֪ʿڽǾʱΪͼʵǳõľͶӰĲ࣬ͼʼմһԴ״̬ͼ޷ʩչֻܶͼĲ
ȴǿȫͼ֮ɵǺͼ
ǲࡣ
һͻƾӵĵ֮
ɽͼȻ죬ͼͼܷӳǿǲħս֪ô¡һ֡ǱѰ廹ʲôĶΪֹһ˿ѶϢ̽鲻Ψһģʵøǿ
һһһ䣬ȻȻӿֳİҲһ˿š
ͼɵǺ󣬼ÿʱÿ̶ǣԪͬʱܴؼĵϷ֮ҲԴԴϵڣͼ뵽ϡ
֮ϵԽӵС
һͿշСָоʮ
ʱȻš
֪УѾһһȵĴڡ
һδڣп˵൱֡
ܶ˽ɼңŮӵãַȻǹ൱졣ҹڰնԣŷͬһ壬һĽҲµһĿʼܽȥչδ
֮ͬҹ硣
һεĴڣҲоȫͬ顣ӣŮָоһ˸û취ᵽġ
Թҹ
һ԰УƳе̻ţСһƬЦ
ڵԵʣ֮УǱҪĹλмڣ졣УȺϳװտѡú÷ɷɡ
󲿷̼ҿûʲôڣ֮ǿǸ̼Ϊֵʱ̡ÿˮԶƽ
ľǵһοǰϦȣľͺһƳе־̲סп
뵱ȣھе˵ʢ
ⲻΣѪ⻻ģɱġᡣֻѪңⲻǸոտʼѣտʼڵ̫ƽ̫ƽڵķʢҲֻǾˮ¡ԤУ׵ĽٵޱߵѪ𡣱ܲˣ㲻ǴǳѪ֮С
ںϲѡ
ټ½ԣʱ䲻ǵָһ˲ѣֵһᣬı仯ûпʼںı仯ԲֻǰЩ
ѾʼɣںϵıǷĳƶǴʲôԭ
У½вϳֵļ̳׼֮ĴڣԤʾڤڤдڵءɲ⡣ӵ̫δ֪
οмٵħս
ŷһױøǿﵽ˿ԺĵزҪ֮Уֱɱ˾ǡ
ƽ˵
жɱ¾֮û˿ļɻ䡣Ŀʲô֮ʣҪˣǶ⡣
Ϊ㻹ǻ˶׵գҲáģڣײ𡣡Ц˵°ԸһܳѼ£ĺķ羰ʢս£깲Σ
°̫кβɡ

ҹʮ㣬ƳǴǾӭ£µһꡣ
һ̣Ԫ³һ
¡¡
ڵִһɲǡУһεѹ糱ˮϯء
ţѿһ޴ѷ죬תۻΪһ޴ޱȵͭţա
ͭϺȻԿµĻϣܿħӰܿǧ޵ͼڣܿǧɱĲҳһĻĻһ˴Ŀġ
ɱɱɱ
ƺвҵɱڻص
ͬǿɱڽսѪȲңӭˣܸоһεѹϯĵơ
һţħ֮š
꣬ħսħ֮Ŵ󿪣κҪǰħսߣֻҪħ֮ţͿɴţ̤ħս
ԣħɱΨս㡣֮ħ֮Źرաǿ롣
Ļлص˲ϯ½
ϵ£κ壬ڵһʱ
һʱ俴գǵħ֮š
ħ֮ŸգжԶȴ˶ܸоڽǰкܵõӦܶĸоħ̺֮ĴΣաͬҲĪĻԵ
ֻ֪ܶԼ̤ȥһȥпӭľ
ˣħսħ֮ҷ·ܿʬɽѪĲսħɱս
Ϊʲôǽ죬갡ѵͲܵٿô
֪ħ֮ű羿ʲôģѾоڵѪҺڷڣһΣɱԣԲ
꣬ȵľǽ죬սҲΪѪ
֮Уշ׷׻Ȼ
ϲķΧ˲䱻ƣȡ֮һޱߵɱ
ܶΪһѾ޶ʱǵһ̡
Ҵּ
һϵ˲ȡ֮һֹ
ϣ
֪˳ݼ
װգϾ֮£ٻħ֮ţħսϾ֮ʿսԸսҴߡ
պټڼ˽ʿŲȱϯнʿȱϯȱϯߣɡ
΢󣬿˵
Ȼħ֮Ѿȴûѡ룬нʿʱ˸𡣾ʱ䣬ʱΪڣļա


795 ı 
һսпȥ˾ͻزˡ
Ľʿûǣңкܶ඼Ѿףӣ˶ŮʱǸʱ⣬һȥҪôսҪô飬ΣĴ㡣ⲻǱֻۣһδѶѡ㡣
Ĵ㣬Ȿ޴롣
ʱ֮󣬾Ҫ֮⣬е黯ΪǿĶ
ǣ
ͷӦ
漴ȥʥּ
´ּҪװաηЯٴǰ
ѯʵ
Уٻ⣬׼ȫħսҪôսҪսǾ;ԲͷҴ׵ơţһҵҪħսգܲ
йâһ̧ۿյħ֮š
ȻΪħսͲܹͨģǱʿңΪʵǿģѾͻƵϾҪսֻĿܸߴųϡһ塣
ħսȻоӻȥս
ǰоӣսˣͽˣͽҲˣʱ򣬾Ҫ°Լʵȥıȡȥʸ񡣵Բڡ

ʱȻţʱһգ۾͹ȥ
УĽʿ׷׻ع顣
һ죬ӪǰһӶӽʿĲ̤⣬㽫̨ϣаȻܣȺվߡ
䣡
̤Уһ֧֧׷׳ڵ㽫̨ǰ
μϣȸѾϣʮʵʮϼġ
ҵ뿪㽫̨ǰݼ
ֻ֧ȸͨɫսףɢҵϢһųҵĻ棬ͬѹĻɽʱܱ˵ƻҡϯء
ЩȸŵĽʿÿһʵ͵ģѾﵽƷҲǴﵽ񺣾ڣʵǿģѾϾΪƷƷĵ
һɢϢʱüΪ¡
ȸţ˵һ֧սľţǴʱʳħΪʣ赲ŵĲվȸųֱֶ֣ӹʳħ䣬Ӳһ֧ӵʳħĴǿн𡣴ɱѪɺӡʳħսʿȫɱѪȾ˵档
Ҳ˵ˣ˵Щʳħʬȫشףֱ׼ѪУǱѪǵݡѪǴһ

ΧĿãһſ
ȸŵսʮһ㡣ڻҰɱܱĴ׵ػߡ
ĩݼ̹μϣѾϣʮʵʮϼġ
һɫս׵ݼ̹̤ǰݼ
ֻͬͬսס
սףͬǰ˶ʦԴ죬ǶķսںϷĽƣ߶ʱγһܣǿķľԵսףսױһ֮ˣҲܽս׿ϣǻָһսң̺Էģսף࣬ٶȼ졣
ʵʮǿҲŵרսס
ţոճʱ˭֪ʲô⣬սҲûУпǽ´󹦣ϴǳȴԳǹ󵱳սѪɺӡһֻֻȫڵϣ˵սҹǺòϢ
˵岿壬ݼ̹⽫һһʶƣսܣҡŷɥ˳š
˿һݵ˵
УǿľӾӢۣе֧ػߡ
һ֧֧ŵִ
쿴ŷŽħţ˵ڻҰУһȺҰţҪսŽһȣ㣬ţȺ±ӣһҰţֱ˵ǱĴ˵ӡֱͬˡħڻҰмֱǷħ֮屻ɱ
˿ħţɫЩ
ŷʱ¼ʮ𾪵顣ȥȻȻջʵ
쿴սţ󻢽Ƴǵˣ΢ĩʱһֱϣڿǳͷˡ
ѩþŵľųѩأǴǿһ֧ЩЫ׳ǿ󡣡
ţÿһ֧ŶԼĶսסרսסͬǿķһ𣬲ǿơ
żһʿֱվǰ
һ˫˫Ŀͬʱվڵ㽫̨ϵϡĿſȣһ𾴳ݵĿ⡣
Ŀô׵ı仯ھеĽʿѾеһ񻰣һִ棬һеľ֧
վڵ㽫̨ϣգħ֮ʼա
һεѹ
Уʱ䣬Χء·һεѹؼ䡣Ծĸһѹ
λʿ죬ҳսħսΪ֮ʱҶʬɽѪɱľ񣬾˵ɱģ˵Ҳ˵վٸһѡĻᡣ
нĿܵཫʿϣ³һǲԸǰħսģվҲǡˣӦǿбȥɱȥս
¼䣬ϰʿͬʱ˸һĨŨս⣬ԸΪЧԸΪЧԸΪЧڣѪɣս
ԸΪЧԸΪЧԸΪЧڣѪɣս
˳ɡ
ߵʱѾһΣܻħսϣָǿشڣ壬ǸصĶ֣ʲô֪ûһ
ĿôױǿܳɼҵȢӣսĸԸ
ãȻˣǾһսħսѪɣս

𣡣
ּ䣬ֻֻǣЩŹ֣ǼΪء

һ޴սȻڵ㽫̨ϡ
ֻսͨɢǰսйǰ棬ȻԿľ޳֡ϸȥǺȻͨޣޣ֮ӡ
һţһΪһΪ⥡
Ȼ֮е
һ֣̤ڵϣɢ˲ϯķЫɵķһЩ궯ȻЩս൱
һ𣬺Ȼ԰Ѫеõսս
ڵõֱӽ֮뵽Уڶʮ㱦
õĴսֱɱ챦һֱӡ
սȻʹΪͬ
̤սһսħ֮ŶϺȵף


ʮһ ħս


796 ħ֮·

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㽫̨ϣߴĽʿϰŹ鳣ôսϣÿһͬƺսĽ֮ɱ֮һĨѪɫƺԤʾǰ·Ѫɱ¾
뿪֮ǰҴײҡɳǣһվɡѪǣΪҴգͳ׷ӳĹЧ
̤ھսϣпԶѪǣһָһϺȡ
¡¡
һϺ£ѪǷ·һѪ㣬εضѪѾﵽǧǧĳȡһս
Ѫǣˡ
óѪǣǧֱⶼӢҵѪͶɣ壬޵ѪΪݲܽ˵ز
ðѪǿƳǵֵһδδУ᲻ɴݡսӢҵĲӢػ壬Ǵס°ա
Ŀãһ¶һֿȵĿ⡣
ѪĿеĵλͲͬһ㣬Ѿһ־СŴ壬ҲŴӢҡ
ڴȥͨգѡΪʲôģѪ⣬Ѫǣʿ˵ѪѪǣͬõķˮأܵ£ȻԣѪڴгΪһִͳһַס
Ѫۿɼٶȷÿ䶼ڱǡβΧһԲȦѪǵı󣬱Ӳĳãֻܱ֤һֳʵʵģģȫõġãۿ
תۼ䣬ѪѾ޴󵽸ǷԲľ޴̶ȡպÿԽ׽򳹵ڡ
¡¡
ѪǴ˲£ڴ׽֮⣬׵ĽȫѪ֮ڡȻ󲿷ֻõģֻһʵġõģĳ壬ɾвСķ
һ̣ѪǵĳǽѾߴɡɸߣͺһ¥ðɢãѪϢΰޱߣ·ûκԷԽǽ
ңѪЩʵĳǽǿƶģҲ˵ڴױ߽κǰһ棬һпֱӳڱ档
ֱѪõĲȫ۳ʵʣգ죬ԲţӣǸ
ѪǾҴ׵ı߽κεҿԽѪߣҴ׵ĵˡͼ岻ÿԽѪǡ
һȻΪѪǶ¹
ȣѪر߽ҲǶѪ֮Ǵ׽
ѪǣȻֱӵڴ׽֮⣬ô
ԣѪõ򲢲ֱǵĽͼεǿ޷Խ롣һǿн룬ͻᾪףѪǣӦ
ڴ׽⣬ĿѪǳǰǴƬ򣬸⣬ʱһɫ䣬̽󣬷׷¶ŭ֮ɫ
Ƕԣһεơ
뵽׵ʵʱٲҲֻǿȥ
ߣŰɣο½ħսҲֻССƫԶݺᣬսУ׾ȫڡһѵ֪ʼնҪһȡ
ʿЦ˵
νһ½֮ϵĴûᡣսϣԲֻǡۡǿƼЩžԵģħսϣԲʲôĻᡣսϻ֪壬Ǵ׵ʵǶôСֵһᡣ
ʱ򿴴е˻ʲôԡ
壬ֻҪ䵱ūѪʳĽɫͿԡ
Ѽϣɣͽտˡ
пƳ˵
ϷġڣײʲôʡǶˡƳһŵ˵ϵϢԽӵŨ
ţѼչ˺ðʲô޷飬ȥұչصľУõп˵Ůɻ˵СϣĳԸףԣɻ˹Ҳǰ
һġ
׵ͷûҪһսʱһȹ̵ĺ󷽶˵ָ֧󡣴Ů˴ʱ޿̵ճһˡ֪ʲôʱܣʲôʱǡ

пһܣѩҶ֪³˺ȻҲҡ
ͨ󹩷ƽʱΪͽˣдԴӦ£һѾΪΪ˵ĵز
͸ѩԣܿԭĵ⣬ڴ˿̣ѾоֻɢϢȽϱѣⲻ˵ĵڷѾ豹ˡ
ĵ⣬Ѿﵽٵľ硣̤ϵ֮
ٵ⣬Ѿͼǿߡ
ڵõħսʱͬʱʾҪǰħս
ʢǴǻᱧ
ûԸĴʱпܻսҲһ
¡¡
У޴ħ֮ҡΣһգۼͳǰɢϵѹⲻʵĹţֻһͶӰͶӰѾһϰĸо
ɳǧͬʱ롣
УһƬ˷·Ԩĸо
𣡣
ӷսͳħ̤֮˽ȥ̤սϣ˿ڷп裬ֱ·ûκη塣
䣡
ŷ׷Ĳս̤ħ֮Сûû˳ɡĿ⿴ǰǵӰʼռᶨһ
ܰעŴ׷̤ħ֮Сֿף
ħ֮ţķѵʱȴħ֮Ž٣ʵ̫ˣ󵽽Ƭ̼䣬Ѿȫڡ
һʿĽ룬޴ħ֮ȻʧͶӰĿľǽɽȻɢ
߰ɣǻȥֻдױøǿ󣬲ǶԷõ֧֡
һŰת

ħ֮ڡ
һ̤ȥһĻǰ
Уûʲôжľеֻһ·
һ쵽֪ڵĵ·
·աһմ
Ǻӣᴩء
ʬǣضʬǣ׹·ÿһߺдݳʮǿƺȥǧ궼ûгĥ
ɱɱѽ
аħҲҪᡣ
սѪɣսǿ
̤ħ·Уƺ˻źڻص޾սӿ֡

пǰľйâһɫأȴԥ´ǰԶ̤ȥ
𺳣ɻ
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797 ħѪ
Ȼھʹڵģпܣκµġ
ںϵе硣ЩУôܴħսôӵħ֮š󣬻̤ôһʬǵյ·С
ԲںսǰѾڵս
磬֮ǰ
֪Уǰƺоһô޷ڵţԿʲô
ںֻǿʼ½ֻ¼ԪǷиԶļԪһεļԪ½翴Զûеô򵥡
һԺаһͷ
ذһԪһԪ㣬ǰļԪʲôʲôԪʲôصϵ
һ̳һصħܣѵǰļԪ
һͷԺ֡
Щ˲ò˼
ֻԺиһɲǣ漴ҡͷ֮ȥʵ̫Сܶණܿ̽ġǣ̽飬޷֪ࡣԽԽԺֻҪʵһΣȻеܡ
ƨɾԴ˵ĵ
Щҳ綼֪
Լһ֪һл֪
ڶѡ
䣡
ǰУ˳ħ֮·ǰĲ̤ʬϣһʬڴ¶ѣ顣Щʬǣʵ̫ȻɲǿߵϢڴ̤£ɷ׷飬ΪƬڽγһ
ںʱƺ̺Կʼ֡
һ˸
մУƺиڻص
ħ˭˭ħ
˭ȼƣ˭졣
˭ҡᦣ˭ɡ
˭ʹɫ˭š
˭ǣ˭ֻء
˭Ĺ

մУһãĸڻصãֹϣ˲Ծķ·һƬҵսµʱÿһͬô֮ϡ·ܿһ貺嫵ʱ
һһ䣬̺ĳֲ˼ΰ飬ڹ
̤ʬǣһ·ǰС
··ûֹߵĸԶŵʱաʱ
ʱû˵ÿһ˶ֱ֮С
֪У֪˶ã·ľͷ
ڵ·ͷȻԿһ޴챮챮ͨʯһ޴Ĺ
챮ϣܿɫѪΪֹŵѪϢ
о޴ּϡǱġ
ֻǣƺɫѪʴ·绯ѾѿʲôġֻܿһЩȱ֡
ڡ͡ħսվսˡ
ʯϵıĶ϶Ѿģ޷ϳһЩ֣Ҳ޷ױĵľ˼ʲôȴʯϸܵһֱһֲã
ⱮѾģĿ֪ıģοҲ޷ĺ壬Щ塣ڼĿ˻˵
ʦ˵Ĳģֻδϱǿڹȥ塣ȥֻǹȥδδ
׵ͷʾͬ
ǰ
ǰУ߹ʯȻԿԶȻһ޴ƽ̨ƽ̨һڰеĵ죬յ
ϣܿȫǲ֪İ̳ɵ档һ޴ޱȵĹ㳡
㳡ϿգȻԿһŽɫİ񵥡˸Ž⣬ڿĵһۣͱ֪ܵ֡񣡣
߸ңȻɢ޾ϡ
̤մʱȴ޷յ·޷ľ롣ӸյȻݳѹ
ȻҪٸյմľͷѾԿһ˸
ߣȥħսһǵ񣬹ϵ˵
ʱףӰϢĳƽ̨ϣڸյϡ
ϸȥǺȻ޴ĵңȣнţֻֽϸ̶ȣıԵüΪĴȡڵϣüë۾͡ʮ֡ȴ˸о־壬ϲԪء
ɫ߿˵ɫĴ󵰣ͷϻźɫñźɫ磬һ˧ģ
ɫĴ󵰣ȴһȣԵÿɰ
Ŵһ֣֣ŤŤǷ
пһ鴤̲סһЦһôֳˡʲôطٲܵʲô
ǵڴ˧
쵰ֻҪһΣһӶǡ
λֵܽáɫͻȻóһһֻͲ˵
ԣ˵ˣӦýеѡǰѹ㣬ħսô࣬õƺáǲԡɫһڰɫϣһǳ
˧ǰ˵㲻ҪҵͷҪȻҪȦȦ㡣Ҫ㣬УھҪȦȦɫ󵰿˵ɫʮּƺϾҪȥʼȦȦ
ҪһȦȦǱ˧ͻȦȦڴ˧ʾ˵
һ
Ҫĸ
ûнܣֻҪˡ
ҪʱһεΰաŵһӾͻָɫ·֮ǰŵ龰Ǽٵһ
λѣɰѣ磬Ϊĵɡɫ緢һź
ҽļʶ󣬺ڴ˧ʵ̫˧ˣңΪɫ󵰺ڴ˧Ҳһĺ
ֻڴ뻶ûС
ҲûоΡ
ֱӿ˵
ΪֹµһᡣϰǺͣٴħսĿһԵõ˵
ǵģħսĿ½ʲô壬ǿ߻ߣԽսսҪ뿪ͲġսϣûҪֻһǾǡȥ
ڴ˧һ˧ĸߺ
ɫʮܣ翴ҵȴϷҪݡ
ħսô£˵ֻƾΨһĿľȥܿĳսԲǿЦȥʱпܻ佫򵥵顣
һΣ½һۣ壬޵һ޵ڶħսϰ׼¶͡º񡣡ЦǺǵ˵
Լ¼壬Ǳʵ˲Ϣ˭ɱ࣬˭ռݸλǰٵ壬Եõʹ͡ɵˡϣܹŬҺڴ˧￴ǵġֻҪǰéͿԵõҪһС
ڴ˧߿¶֮ɫ
ս֮ϣûйֻлšϣܿҡ
Ե˵


798 ս
ôĵԡ
̻վߣŸյϵ磬ڴ˧ˮҪˣɾˣҪһɾĵʲôζ϶Ƕһ޶
磡
ͻȻһ磬ֻ۾ת˭ڴ⣬ҪΪǺ۸ġΪһ۸续ȦȦ
˵ĶȥóһʣǰлһȦȦȦȦɢһ׹⣬ʥ࣬ʥ
ȻָȦȦ㣬ûСܵܡ
⻰һҲ¶һͷߡ
һ˿⣬ײСھûСܵܡ
쵰쵰Ȼ䱾ûСܵܡôʳȫ㡣
̻ʶʱоոԼˡ˲ã˭ҶԼļ͸˭죬Ҹôܳ⡣ܵܣǱҪأӵŭڣҲ㹻аţû취ΣҪȻԸȥ
ѽ
ͻȻһˤڵϣڵϹ࣬һӱǱûʡ
ѾԿϲһ
ɲǺö
̻ʣ罫Ҫù
ȻԿ̨ϲϵĴ磬ȫˣǰȫһɥ׻ΪСҪǱжǱ
ѽ磬ôˣôëˡǽҪϴ裬Ȼൽëˣ϶ǷùˡҺڴ˧㡣Ҫҡ
ڴ˧͵һ
ɴ۾ǰ硣
ֻϣ֪оȻһëëһֻϣǺʣֻˣѾùˡ
ôϴ裬ô᳤ëġҪҪùĳ硣
缸ҪεæʼҼǵǰղعëطһλʦƷëһɨ⡣
˵ţѾĹȫ
޲ëһɨҳ
ߣս
пֻҡҡͷû⣬̻ܶʳֻģҲûʲô³
ŵҲǺǵģ򵥡ù˲ǡ
ֻ־ѡ
ˢ
սֱӳƳڡ

ڿǰâһתǰɫȻһ䡣
ħսô⵽ж󡣡
ö׹ǣǺǣսߵ塣⵽ж٣ЩʬѾսսжսֱǱȵ¡
ʲôطûеͼ֪ںδ
е̤ħսͱǰľˡ
ܼ޷սĵصģ·սĴؾЩͷɡ
³ŷڵϲʮףȫǰ׹ǣء˶ĺǣ֪ҪսĹء
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΢΢üֳսһץ׹УȻʧ̽С
̺ϡ٣Ѿͬľ޷ṩ̺еʱǰѾʧ٣ΪСڵʱѾ֪ж೤
ЩڱõȴϡޱȣȫֵһᣬǣЩǵĴڣΪħսħսάźǵĴڣ뿪ħսǾͱľݹǰ㡣սйصάЩǵĴڡ
ϧˡ
̺ǿħսϺȫɣֱһ޷ʢ磬췭ظı仯лֱɱ䣬ؽ챦Ҳ鱦ĲΡȻǲɡ
ҲԣЩܱħʿͽЩȫõȵڡ
нʿԭش
ɨܣȻ˵ʦָӡ
䣬ֱӽ⽻ڼƺûвֵĴ㡣
ǶԼڼĿأͬһֿ顣
жսȻһĿȻŪ٣սǾԻġ
ڼûκγɣֱӵͷӦͿʼԸ

ĩʦ
ֻһ׵ľǰӦ
뽫ۿܻ̽һ㱨
ڼ˵
ǣʦ
ϵĴӦ漴аݼϣ½񡣡
ħսĪ⣬ǹغλȻóȫĵ̣һֱ䲻Ľۿͬ˳ֻǸʮֻǽУħս
Ϊ䣬սϿɱһֲ
һ֧ǿĿսã˵ֱ޷ģԾս
ƣ
һֻֻƾճڰУ˷ܵһƬɢ˵ϢÿһֻȻﵽ˶ޡеʵȫ˺Ͼʿ
޻ҺĴһֻֻǱˣٶȼ졣һʱѾͻƵײΡսǿٶȸ졣
ÿһֻеߡ
Ƚۿٷ̤Ͻĺ󱳣һ£˷ٷɢȥڷеͬʱѸٶܱ̽
鱨ڵһʱͨͨѶлܡ
棬ϷһƬŹֵİ׹ɭ֡дͬ׹һľǵܣϢ
棬ɳĮǰ׹ɳĮɳӲͨĻɳǺγɵɳĮ
棬ǧ֮ⷢһ޳ǣһ׹Ǿ޳ǣ

ڵһʱ䣬ѶϢ㱨
ڼҲѸٵĶ鱨ܡԺпתͷ
ϣЩԾڼ΢΢ü˵
ħս̫壬κε
ƽ˵
鱨УܿΨûݳ壬˵Ϣ˵ħսֻǣǾԲܵģѾʱ룬ʱУȻ壬ǿ߽롣ȴһӰ
ҪĻҪŵĻǾͿȥˡ
Ҫô˻ûн٣Ҫôħսʵ̫ˣǺǿԽսҲ޷һֿܣԭ򡣡
ڼ׵ͷ˵
ʦο
ѯʵ
鱨̫٣ѶϢ̫٣ڼۡ
ڼ˵ΪħսѶϢȫҪľҵطôפأܽ˿أɹս߶ƶѡõѡǰոշֵ޳ǣÿռݴ˳ǡҵսи
޸ȡı󶯲ȡʤ֮
ãĿ꣬׹Ǿ޳ǣ̳
׵ͷʾͬ漴


799 ׹
ʵԸһʼˣϮɱƴʵڣȴѹ֣дǿѹ˭֪ʲôδ֪µġİĻİĵˣδ֪Ķ֡
ʱ˺ȫϡ
һ㣬ڼ֪Ҳ֪ԣڼŻһʱѡռ׹Ǿ޳ǣսһ֮أпڰ׹Ǿ޳ҵһЩйս
ѡõľϡ
ս֮ӵ£ǰǵǣʻƽأһ˿оǰں
սǹ졣
һȥһ嶼ž£˰⡣
нʿսһ·ǰУ̤ŽµĺǣÿһżᶨһΣͽ֮⣬սϣȥǾȥ
¸оѹ֣ȴ
ϣʦǰһƬֵİ׹֡İ׹սϵǣңܸоЩľϢоΣա
Ѹ
ǰ׹Ǿ޳ǵĵ·ϣͬһƬģСİ׹֡
˿̣׹ѾǰĿԿĿҲܿĺ
Ȼǰ׹ǳ֣Сġ߾衣
ͫһ˵
ǰȥֻǵսϣïܵİ׹ɭ׹һ쳣ɲĹɡ˵֣ΪǶѰľȻͬľͷһϵûСɹͷɡ
вļǻΪһ߹滯Ϊ֦Ҷܹ죬ɫɫͬķ˿£紹Ʈսϣޱˡ
֦ϳһֻֻƣ׹ƣܿЩ׹ڷвϵ趯ʱճצԵ쳣
֦ϳһֻֻƵģЩƺʱźǹŹ֡
֦ϳһԶԶģЩ仹ڲϵĶʱ֮
죬ɲһֹͨĹɣһſͷǡ֦һݺݵ߹νӶɡûҶȴһööʺ࣬Щƺƺܿһ
ͨͨķ
룬һſɲͷγɵǺεľ˵СߣֻһۣҪʣŵĻɢ
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ף
ǿܸоһԹĺⲻԾð
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£ּ䣬ֻʮֻĿħǳڴǰ
Щħһ־͸оɢĿɷ׷׷һʣβͳŰ׹ֱӳײȥڰ׹࿴һ۶ûУľǾ뿪֧ӡϢ̫ˡ
أ
ʮƥħǳ׹֡
һʿ׷׽Ŀ⿴Щħǡ
׹ؼ䣬ʮֵļž·һȺһȻ򣬾ЩħǳȥʱʱͿ׹ֳ׻ˡ
ǲ˿紹İ׹ħ˿裬Ȼ䳬Ȼħϯȥ߰㣬磬˲;ƥħǡЩ˿¡
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޴ħǵͱиһϸСѪƬ
ɢڵ棬ֱӱһ׹Ǹɽȥ
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УɻҵĹȻһ¡
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⻭棬У̲סһ
ЩħȻֻһޣʵȴǿڽ׹ô׵棬һ˿֮ûУֱǿֲ
ɣ
ʱžİ׹ַ·ΪѪĴ̼ʼա
һ˻ƣޱѻʮ̶ִĺ˺
ڰ׹ڣֳͬһ̵ͫ⡣ܱ䣬ܿն˿ĶǱġ
ѻԣڤѻ׹ڤѻ
Ҷ֪￴ڰ׹гֵһ˫˫ͫףһ¶֮ɫ
Ȼǰ׹ڤѻഫֻڷɱսУأյأڤʹߣǣǲסǳֵĵطͻֻڵ伮пһЩءʳꡣʱ֮ħǵǡ
Ҷ֪˵
ܿڰ׹Уһֻֻͨǰ׹ðѻͷǺɫģֻͫ䣬˸űɫͫһֻֻ֦ϣÿһֻСĶпǰӥǰСģһ״С
а׹ڤѻħȥλʳţʲôʳʲô
˿е۾ȴܿЩ׹ڤѻڳԵħǵꡣ
һ߾ߵڤѻֱӱ˺Ƭһ̳ȥ
Ŀȴʼձ䡣
ϸȥЩ׹ڤѻ飬ʵ̫ˡʮ򣬻ǧû塣׹еܿһ˫˫̵۾
ռţֱӴƬ׹֡
էг˼󵽵ûоЩ׹ڤѻֱӷͻͷ
ǣ
ڼ׵ͷʾͬ
δ֮ǰóȻЩĴɱһе̽˵
䣡
ռѸٸ֡
һʿ̤ڡ
ڰ׹һˣһռͬʱ򿪡
нʿ̤ȥһɲǣٴ̤ʱȻ߳ռţڰ׹⡣ֱӿԽƬ׹֡
͵ٶȼ졣̼Ѿɡ
ߣǰ
пһƬ׹֣ڰ׹еİ׹ڤѻû׷ϳƺֻȤڻŵûз𹥻
ǰС׹֣нʿеľ֮ĳ¡
оٶȼ죬ǰû赲
ڣɫ谵ǰһ޴İ׹Ǿ޳ǰ
˵Ǿ޳ǣǾ޳ǡ
󣬲һĴ
޳Ƕþ޴İ׹ɣʮ׸ߵ߹ǣо޴ͷ­ںһһ޴İ׹Ǿ޳ǡ
޳ȫ棬סӵĸо
ڳǽϷֲѺۣܿĳ޳Ǿҵɱ
ѻǣ
ڳǽϣż޴Ĺ׭塣


800 Ǹ
ѻУκžһսĹ죬һճǣվ׹Ǿ޳ǰȴ·һһ㣬һ߽ȥͻᱻ̳Ե߽ȥͻᱻᡣ
Ϊʲôҿ׹Ǿ޳ֲԤСⲻͨ޳ǣǲ֮
Ҷ֪°ͣ
ѻǣǲǸ֮ǰİ׹ڤѻйءΪʲô֡
³Ĵǰľ޳ǡ
޳Ȼ죬ѾǷԲ֮ҵΨһһǳأȫҴװΣܵõͿħսӵи
ڼһ⣬ħսеȫͬȻǾҲǿߣ͸Ź죬޳ǵĳŴ󿪣лǺӣǺѾɿݡڸɿݵĺӵܿɫѪ⻤ǺȾѪ
ۣ
пзһϺȣֳһץԪ˲ۣΪһڱѪɫսìսìʵʣڳֺһƣսìΪѪɫ⣬Ű׹Ǿ޳ǺȥսìƿУԪۿɼٶȾ͡棬ì˺Ѳ񷡣
ƺսìпǧʿһǰܲӰ
һìӳ췣׵˸֮ڻص
飡
һìֱĺС
սìһɽҪķѣױ飬ΪƬк󣬿µĵ⣬Ѫ˸ƺҪ˺š
Ȼڱеìȴ·޵Ԩһ㣬ĪʧΪСڳţǰ׹Ǿ޳Ƕûκˡ
ĳţͷ·һѾſ֮졣ܽһɽȥ
޳ǹȻ򵥡
ĿһĻнʿжһ˿𺳡̲סֳһ
ոһìǿĺϾᱻһìƬͼ治ì⣬еĸǿ
һԻء
¡¡
·׹Ǿ޳ΪеĹԳ˯ѣǰԿ޴İ׹Ǿ޳Ȼ俪ʼҡΣ𶯣ɢ˲ܱһϢĸо
飡
ܣ˲飬ܱɳȥ·׹Ǿ޳һһֻİ׹Ǿצ׵Ĵӵϣɢһǿ
飡
һֻצ˳ߣ··ʲôҪߣǴɢ䡣׹Ǿ޳Ǿô
ŸڱĺǷ׷׵һµĻǰ
ǰģȻһֻ޴ޱȵİ׹ڤѻ׹Ǿ޳Ǿڰ׹ڤѻıϣ޳ǣ˿ڵӴ޳ǣ֪һ׹ڤѻ͵жѾһĴſա
ǰ׹ǹɵĹǳᡣֻڹǳɢĵĺڹ⣬ʮֵˣһۿȥܽ˵ŷ衣޴İ׹ڤѻһ޳վǰǶѾ޷ݡ
ǰһ̣ҲɵŴ͡¶˼֮ɫ
ͨڤѻڤѻڤѻʡ϶֯һڵطģתȻɡγɹơ
ڤѻͫÿһֻھ޴ԨڣĿһСֻǣͫУûͫͫʲô֮
û֮𣬰׹ڤѻͻͻ䡣ȻڡҲ˵ֲֻµİ׹ڤѻʣǻġѾȥпȥ֪ꡣпܣ쵽һԪϾħսֻԪһο
ܾð׹ڤѻս
ҵĹԹԣˡôѻҪǽǱʷ绪ĸҪȥǱǿĶ֡
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˼飬ǿ£ôһ׹Ǿ޳ǾȻǽһ˿ֲİ׹ڤѻʱϣҪóȻ̤ȥǾ͸ڤѻʵĶӲࡣ˭֪ʲôè塣
Ҷ֪Ҳһ£ȵͶϲ£¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ôֲһֻ׹ڤѻ׹Ǿ޳ǶǸڤѻһģ˭֪̤ȥᷢʲô飬ҪֱʣӦ
ѻǣ׹ڤѻʡȻ׹ڤѻйءϣ鷳ˡ
ڼһĿ˵
鷳ˡ
׵ͷ
ֻųµİ׹ڤѻ¶Ӱڳǽϣ֪УֳһֻֻССİ׹ڤѻÿһֻ˸űͫҹɫУɢɫ˸ͬ棬֮𡣱סһɲǣĵ׾̲סð⡣
ĸо
ޱǿҡ
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807 ţͷ
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צûκԥٳţͷɱȥƿգдݳ꽻ǧײնҪһƽѡٶȼ죬ڰһ⡣գۼѾţͷǰ
צţͷץȥ
̽צ
צϣ̺ž˵Ľ֮צ˺յķâ˸ĺ⣬˵ǿһۣܸоѪⱻ˺һצȥܽţͷԴƬ
һѹ糱ˮϯ
˲սĿ۽档
ܶսʿĸоצ̺Ǿǿ˲佫ѹƬΰᱻɢķ֮иƬס塣
壬˵֮һ
Ŀɿڴ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ôܣ쾹ȻȻһֱ͸һʲôͨսεͨͨصϣܷͬӳƻ
ؼ䣬ͨ۳Σ϶ǿΣǣصϡȻӳͨͨǿ֮
ʲôͨצȻ˾أĽû̫ҲģѹҺһɽͷ
ͼͨҲǴ˵е֮ͨ໥ںϣݱǿͨһԣֻͼĽ֮ںһһͼǿߡ
һսʿд󾪣һ˿𺳣ͼǸУҲǴڶ˵ǿߡ֮УǴʮǿҡ
ֻͬһ㣬ͨҰ޶֮ܽɱǿģȴսսصǿսеǿߣȫ⣬ôôͼεǿߡ⵽ðǰû˵
𾪵˵
Уֳ֣һ־ͨգʵֻܳΪѪʳūһ֣ǱЩǿߡЩǿ߲ĴС
ʵɻǡ徹Ȼֻľ档
ΪǿߣȻй壬ֻٲндУҪѡӡûбѡģ𣬳Ϊǿߡ忴ǲ˼ġͺһ˳Ϊ񣬸߸ϣһֱɷˣʿӡ
ΪܱĽĿôһ㣬ĵط
кܶǿߣȴ󲿷С壬ʵ̫ˡУǲܳģ󣬾עҪҪǿҪǿΪˣΪ䴴Լļֵ˽սʿ
һ㣬úܶУ塣һǷһС壬һǿֵǿ塣ֻ£ܶȻȻ̬ͬȡ
ǿ֪ǿ߶ӡ½ߵĶԭȴߣ˲ε塣ȴڶ̶̼ʱеͼǿߡٶȿ൱˼顣
ɱ
ţͷצ֮£ĸû˱צûʱѾһּ˺ѵĸоǸоѾצҪ˺ԼһţƤ
𣡣
һŭٴδ
ͼͨŭ𣡣
ɫ糱ˮ㳯ŽɫצȥˣһɲĴ󺣡ޱߡȻ۳ΣΪһ˫ɫţǣ׺ĳצײȥţۣ֮ն𶯵Ť
飡
һ޴ĺУȻԿɫצţǽʵʵײһײһּĽ֮ǶţǾȻסצܿһײұ䡣
Ȼצ˿ûԥ
צסһ˲䣬һڣʱһβɫβس
ţͷţħͼڷŭӿֳһɫ⣬Ϊһɫݣȫβ棬ֶŤݡɲ˼ǣ⻤Ӳû
ͼͨػ
𣡣
ţħͼŭУйâһһͭͼżϣۼ䣬ͼצͼУݳֲƻɢɽĺΰ
ͼͨط飡
ͼڴϣضᱻҵĵ顣
ͼУ̺ŷ֮

צķӦʮ־ˣ·ǿս츳ܣͼʱ˲һֻɫצٴ̽ͼײһһײ͸Ǿײŷ貵Ľ⡣
ɱɱɱ
սսս
צ·սսţħͼͬսϵǿɱ¾߾ͷ·ɱһ𡣸ͨսʩչ
צ鶯ңˣƻǿצ·Ʋеɱ֣ÿ̽۷壬βǣɱУȫµĴɱ
ķӳǿƻ
ţħͼͬ£ǿķֲս·д֮צɱһ֮׷ѿսһƬǽ壬һ˿ನսϲ廹սʿ׷ױĵɳȥſѪѪҺжѪƬ
ɱ̫ˡ
ÿһ𺳡
ÿһǱɱȫֱӵɱС

ͻȻצһβţħˣţ췢һϽⱩǣҫ˷
ˢˢˢ
˲۳һɫĽ롣˸źâƥ㳯ţħȥֱǵء顣ģȫǷĽ롣
У̺Ƽ֮
ͼͨƼ룡
һͨǷΧ㣬ûжء
ţħҲ˲䷴Ӧػٴӿ֣γɻ֡
һڻϣʵ̫ˣǻҲۿɼٶȰֻ΢ϾͿнֱƿ֣̽ţħͼڡ
ţħͼڴܿţħۿɼٶڰ
𣡣
ţħٴηһŭ
ŭУֻĲǽɫˣܼĽ롣Ƽ롣


809 ռճ
ǿߣ˭ǿֵҰ˹ס֡
˹Ҳ˲ſһѪ
ţħͼھıͼڣͼˣܵˣ໥ġոţħɱƿء򣬵ͼǲܾ˾տĶսܡצĹиܵѹκ޷ġ
ܿ£ȫ¶ɱ¾
ÿһܷĹ
൱ǿ
ͬһĿ¡Ҫţħͼڱʮǿһ¾пܱ˺Ƭ
֮У
ƽ³һ
Ұ˹סˡ
˹˵
ȴͣǰÿһسɴһٳǰ񱼣ߣţͷѾ֮ɱս£룬սԶð˹ȥ˼ɣֻҪսţ׷ֱ׷ɱ
ϾֻռһսǲҪؼġ
ȻҲСӣǿ߲٣࣬һǿ߻࣬ɼǾͲһСĿǿ߱ӡͬǿ߱⡣ԵġȻƣͻƵͼֻԴߵ죬ӿֳͼεǿߡ̵ֳǿ󡣡
вûǰȥ׷ϡ
簢˹룬ؼľռճǣȵõս˵ţͷôɱģţħͼڻǿĵûʩչ£ţͷɱֵ̫áϾħսô£ΪֹûŪס
ΨһĿǶȡճǡֻҪȡճǵḶ́ʱ̡
ǿצϵͼô
ڼаһͷ
צԷӳǿսսǿ󣬽ÿһȫõ¡ӳӦеƻȷʵ㹻ǿצ൱ƥϵݵλ
Ҷ֪ҲԵͷ
צչֳͨȫǿݡ
צ֪ҵĵܲܵס
ѩһĨս⣬૵
ȻצУӦþ۳ĺͼǽͼȣֱһģһ𣬾ͺţͷͼţħһƽ
ȴ벻չ¶צֻͼеһֶѣȫ
Ȼһ㣬вȥ˵ֻҪ¶ԳΪơצԿֶΣʱͻ֪׼ͽͶѡ
ӣ
ͼǿߣܡճزסˡ
ճеսʿĿһݵɱһȻͬʱеĵ׻ƣûκս⣬Ψһͷǿ룬λ뿪
սʿһɢӶݡ
ȻӶݱڴǰһȺ׵ĸ󣬰׹սһδα˸һսʿ䴩
ȻҲڻҵᣬȥ
ЩֱӶճУһڡҪܹסȴʱֻǣпûκЩڳеĴ㡣
ȺĽʿֱʼɱЩ塣
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ڷ֮£ûֻʮ΢Сѡȫս׵ıһҪڱУҪˣһлȥ
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ڳڵĵֿŷɿǲֵһᣬڽУеİȫܵκв
ܺãǣܳռսǡ򣬾ͻ֮ǰһսǵĻ޷Żᱻռ״գڡ
׵ͷϵ
һսǣǹؼ޷õ޷ȫȡսǣÿս֮Ա֮ΪսǣǾΪսǾз󣬿Աųǣսϣһ㣬ıӡȫţһϢıӻǼȥҪһ㡣
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սǰƶֱӳųǰС
źܴվڳ²ܸоԹųǵ𺳸С浽ʬ壬ѪѪҺڵʣ뵽ǺУǺѾעѪɫĺˮѭˮлʬڳзսս
ûκʴȵս
нֱֵͨڵ
ಣ
ܣܿʿһڳսʿɱѪϢޱŨڿлص˼ҪŻϢ̫̱ˡ
еʬ壬йڸֽϵģɢڵϵġʲôĶС
вҽ
ҲҲң
Ҳ̶á
ϧЩ沢ûҪ˵ҡ½ոγʱģԶҪҵĶࡣ
ЩսϡսӦ޺ȵձųԣųԡԵȵȣ̵ֲѾϣЩȴǺϡ
ս
һ·ǰУǰ
ڳռݵķΧʮִ󣬿һ͹
УȻԿһѪɫʯʯϣȻճ׭
ǳ
ĿѪɫʯϣڿĵһۣͱ֪ܵճеĳܿʯϣѺۣȻ֮ǰܹشˡ
ǰ﷢ҵɱ
ϾĻճǲǴ׵սǡڼЦ˵
á
׵ͷ
ҲҪսʲôڡ
ǰְѪɫʯϡ
ʱڵԪ糱ˮӿѪɫʯС
Ԫ룬ʱѪɫʯϵѪ⿪ʼۿɼٶɢһ㱻һɫĹâȡȡٶȼ죬ӿʯеԪԽ࣬ѪɫɢٶȾԽ졣
˲Ϣ䣬ʯͱ
Ĺвûзʲô⡣ϵɡ
ˢ
ʯʱʯУһɫƾð˳ȻĳС
ʯѾһֻɫɢϵϡʯ̺еʱȻȻһӡǣӡǷӡеһͨ
һٴοҪʯǾͱҪɢʯеǳסӡʯеǵǿͨס
ԭˣռճǲûбռȻſʯõңͲͨĳһʸ񡣡
¶Ȼ֮ɫ
еĳһһԪȻעС
ˢ
Ϲâ˸Ȼ䣬һ⡣


810 ħѫ
пٱãΪһƬĻĻϣֳһ֡棬Ȼ½и֣һһŰ񵥡
İ񵥡

ȻⲢĺ񣬶ͨԴͨͶӰǰ
壬ʥ壬壬壬壬塣壬ʨ壬Ѫ壬壬壬壬塣ʹ塣壬ؾ壬塣壬̩̹壬壬׹ڤѻ壬ţͷ塣壬ͷ塣塭
Ҷ֪￴иֳĺſ
ϣȻֳ֡Щÿһֶһ塣
ʵ̫ˡൽ飬ʤĵزÿһֶؼһǿЩ壬ǰû˵ܳںϣȻʵڵġ
ңʹţЩ壬ʹ½ϡ
ʲô塣ʥ壬Ҳû˵ƺûпЩ˳ġڼ΢
ںϣûиֳȻЩ屻УҲûзֳ˭ǿ˭
ǣ񣬻Ծʽμ㣬ͳƣյͳƲƽǾͲŷ
ʲô壬ħսϣֻҪϣǾǰĵˣֻҪǵˣ˭˳ɱ¾ûѡ񡣡׵ͷյ񵥡ϵģֻ֣ķʽɱɱĵԽ࣬ȡĹѫԽ࣬ɱһ񺣾ˣһ㹦ѫϾˣʮ㹦ѫͼˣһٵ㹦ѫླˣһ㹦ѫ
õʱħսϵĹҲȻȻĳԺС
ľǹѫ㡣
ս֮ϣɱой
ңֹѫԽսʼѾڼ㣬ΪܰΪΪ񣬶ս֮Уȡĳʸѫ⹦ѫһֶһʸħսһһý顣ǿֱսȡ
һȡͻ۳һħѫ
ħѫû;ǲ鿴õܹѫ㡣Ĺѫ㡣Լ˹ѫ㡣
˹ѫģɱٵˣ͵õٹѫ㡣ս֮ԻȡսڣвõĹѫʮ֮һҲ˵һʿɱʮˣȡʮ㹦ѫһ㣬ͻֱӳΪս֮ĹѫҲУ齫ʿǵľǾŵ㹦ѫ
ս֮ȨҲĺô֮һ
ѫ㣬ħսܶһ챦࣬ͨѫжһħսһοµ֮أһҲֹ۵̬ȣսУȻûлԵԵħս̺౦
ħսս߲ͬӵǿ컯
磬ħսĸ챦磬ħսеĸǿ߲µķǿĴйȵȡЩħսܸĶһΧ
磬ħսϣ֮ȪȪˮ̺컯ֲһиð׹컯ӵ޷ĺô
⻹ֻ֮һӲҪ˵ô
һԪħսвµıȵȡ
ȫǻԵȫ컯ڶһб֮ڡ
ʼ챦Ѿ㹻࣬ڿЩ챦ҲɵİԵһĶѡһֺ޲ȫռΪеͷ
䣬
ɽ𣬾ɫɺ֮ᡣɫʯʺĸȵϣ涼дԶһΨһǴĹѫ㣬ѫ㲻ֻš
Ȼѫһ豦ںϵİѫ㱻һҲɱ٣Ƕ٣ֻǻɱԶһӰħսϵһְϵĸ
ħѫ񣡣
סжȻһ
ˢ
漴ͱһ貵⣬䵽ճ㳡ڹ㳡ϣһ޴ľϣȻֳһ񵥡񵥲ǱģħѫͨɢɫڽУ޷ѫϵ׼¼ʲô
ܿľħѫų޾⣬ճǡ
ڳУˣнʿܵĸоһεڡС
ϸȥǺȻһŽɫİ񵥡
񵥣Եãȴ֪м¼ѶϢ
ħѫܿҵĸ˹ѫһɱʮսʿоŵ㹦ѫ㣬һǸϵġѫԶһԴħսĻԵ
ҲУҲˣа˵㹦ѫ㡣Ҫɱˣɱ塣ܵõĹѫ㡣ö౦ҿѪԪʺ񺣾ϾεʿãЧѡѪ׳ԪһöֵܵʮһµһöֻҪһ㹦ѫ㡣ҶһһԿ
нʿһֵҩѫ㲢ߣֻҪһͿԶһһöһöֵܵһҵɹк£Ѿʼһ
ֻҪһʱʿͿڵļ¼Ĺѫһ㣬漴ħѫͷ·ΪһɫĴţһöѪĵҩƾð˳УžС
ģѪԪŨĵ㣬һţܸоѪɢǿҵĿʿһ˿ϲá
ħѫ˵൱һһ㣬벻ѡ
УཫʿΪͻȻı仯еȺʱڣڼҲͬһħѫҲĶһƷбܵһ˿𺳡
ͬѫ
壬ܹѫʮǧİʮ㡣
У֮ճǳ
ѫ㣺ǧ߰ʮ㡣
ʮ㹦ѫ㡣Ҳ˵δսУٻɱʮ塣ľ޷ֻ֪һʱſֻܴħѫϿԼõĹѫ㡣
аԳ
Ȼ֪սϣѾܲˣֻоܶĻɱˣȡĹѫ㣬Ϊ幱׳Լһ
ϾǸո̤ħս
ߣλһȥճǵزÿһսжһֻ߶ֵزսǵԴǺöݳеѶϢЩزӦڳԺ֮С
Ц˵
սԴزÿһֶǳ͵ġܶʿġ
ãڼǶսеԴʮֺ档ħսı
ڼ¶Ц⡣
ճѾռݣڴ׵ĵ̡һУҲڴС


811 սڵ
ճħսУҲʮ־޴һ޳ǣס棬κεӵ֮С֪Ǻεȵľ޴սԽȻӵеز϶򵥡ҪȻ֮ǰЩҲƴᣬɱѪɺʬҰ
Ȼ֪̺ĺô
һ˿첽ǰԺ֮ڡ
ԺĿռʮֿ㣬ֻǣ󲿷ֵĻݶüΪңϾ֪ûдܶѾüΪߡ
߽ȥӳеģһ޴Ĺ
أصڿ󣬼Ͳǵĵز
ʮɸߡգïܡɢޱǿϣһµϡŨϢתУݳһָϢ
ͬѾʱ̡
Щص㣬صǣ̫棬̫˼ˡ
ҶͺһֺգͮͮޱȡÿһƬҶӣɢȵϢҶڷ⣬лȼգʮֳңʮǿÿһ䶼ԪɳҵĹâ
Щʲôǣϣһڿ޳ĳɫսÿһڳֳ츴ӵĳɫƣ棬սŵâͬڰնâ޾
з紵
һڿսҡΣһնڵϣڵնһĵۣӵĽܿļӲ̶ȣȥδնһѺۡɼЩսķâжϬ¡ôľˡ
ǣЩսǴϳġ
ôܣʲôʱսܴϳֱ̫˼ˣؼǣȷʵַƶɵķ鱦ϳʲô
컯컯ڹżпһЩӼǡоһƪμǣΪţһţõĴܣһľмأԳҲܳ޵Ĺޣܳ
Ҷ֪ﰵզ֮࣬ǰʱֻ£ʱĵѣû뵽ȻģʦƳô챦Ҳڶػʲôʱɴϳˡ̫ˣǧ磬治С
һĻ߸е֪
ս
ڿʱԺȻֳһѶϢ
ȻճеĶزһսʮֵֻħսжȡԪ֮УĲǹӣȴһڿս
ЩսǴսڵǲ챦ѷɫٵ
ңǱǿսͨ
սڵƷף׼Ʒʩչʱնڵ⣬սлսڵ⣬ܻȡ֮ͷųڣԵޱȣʮֵĿ񱩡нǿǱɼΪҲɴɷ
ƽǷѾǷؽ׾鱦
ЩսڵƷ֮߿֪սһȥϾεʿһս嶼ᱻնϣײޱȡǿʿУʵֹ
ϲϣ죬ϳĴսڵֻвǧժȡ󣬾Ҵһǿ̡ô֮Уʵδػ챦ѷɫ
ڼЦݵĳйϲ
챦ЩսڵҲǴϳģ˵ǴضҲδɡ
ЩսڵҪǱеǿ֪»뾡һа취ȡһȫΪ
ȷʵǺöӦճǰĵ̡λ䣬ǸȡһĹԺٰ͡
Ҳܸˡƽ׵һ׼ƷεĴսڵֱ콵ƣ컯컯ս٣Ҳûġһ֡սϷɳ䵽ڼǰһһѣǵսƷ
лϣ
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סһɲǣܿһɫĻӵðƺҪֱֻ۷ճɻҽ
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ϣܿ߷ɣС
ѩȴûη壬һ䣬һǿĵעսУٽеķ֮ǿѹȥðĽɫ棬Ѹɢ»ع鵽֮С
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ѩͷ̾һΪһͣڵȻԼ֪ʲôǺõʲôӵסһɲǣķֱ
սȻɣûκθֱ֮覴á
н񲻹ǵС
ּ䣬пٽǰϵĴսڵȫժȡսС
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³ָŴսȵ˵
Ҷڵ䡣ĪҪήˡ
Ҷ֪ҲĿ
ϣսժȡһƬƬҶ䣬ͮͮʱֱӻΪһųɫĻ棬ϣڵϣ׷ǻ棬Ѥ£·Ļ档˵貣һɲǼ䣬͸ܱţȼա
ܱ߻Ϊ𺣡
֪ڶãЩսѾкľҪάսĴڣֻͿήˣҵժȡһ˿Ҳɢ
п󣬲ûֹҲֹˡ
ˡ
˭֪ħսǰ﷢ʲôֶɹʲô¾ɱ
ڻУһ˶û˵еĸдֻԼ֪
֪Уɢױһա
˵Ŀ˹ԭȵλϡ
ֻλϣȻһɫС˳СȻ֮ǰС档
һµֻΪСнഫµĴս
еͷ¶һ˿ϲףزûлС
ܸܵСдݳĲϢϲá
ǰ
һȪǰ
ȪϵðɫȪˮȪ·һڹ̵ѪȪһ֪ȪǱѰ
һȪݺ󡣿ԴʡϴЧʸһͨ˽ҲܳΪ͵Сš
ȪҲԳٴεõѶϢ
ǵڶزȪʿ˵ǼõĶʥءֻǣ̺ʹ࣬ͬڷգʹ಻ݵġֵ֧ԽãЧԽáп
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812 ѪΪ
˵Ļ飬ȪȫΪһֽ磬ùѫжһսУ죬ɱǰéߣֱӽԡȪĻᡣһҲоȡϽġ
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̫࣬ѾÿһɢϢģϾԾ˵ƻһȫֱӶԳǽ𹥻ǿƻ


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棬ǰֹճǣѾУκβǽߣΪ֮СҴΪߡɱ⡣

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Դյľ档
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ϣħսŹ죬Щƽͨ壬ĻƽܾǿսǴʦŽѵҲûпװǿĻƽеװսսɲ˭׹ӦġŽҲܴӡҪȻ޿ܡ
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Щ޳ڻƽУͬʱɱճǣлƽֱӿϣ޳棬֮Ĵһƽ⡣·ΨһĿľǽճе峹׻ɱճڶױȵ
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һתĹЧ˶ģǿ޶ۣõĺôҲͲһҪҩģٵģȻҩͶ࣬ѪеľԽ࣬ôȻ󣬶ң֮컯ɲô򵥡
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ⲻΪϵͻƣɱ䡣£սԲСһ̣ʵǿ˲֪ɡ


818 
ͻˣ񺣾ڰء
Ҳͻˣ񺣾ھءǿĵҩлϣԸΪЧԸΪЧ
ǿҸоԼֱǧڵǰδеĺãϴ裬ϴ裬ȫ̥ǡ̫ˣھһսҲ£ƺ޾ǸǶֱ컯
ǰҸоؼϵӵ׽ϼơԪٶǰϺüɡһΣһöͿǰһʱ䡣
һʿѹ϶¶һǿҵϲָоʵ̫ˡûʲô̺컯ֲһУǺġ
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һҹԾ಻Ĺƣ˭ǲǻø¡ħսʲôʲô䣬ǺҹеĵΪʲôǷ𹥻Щû˵ȴǲȥ롣ܶණֻѹĵû˵ѡ
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ϣĩԸǰһԡ

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ڼֹ
ʦ˵ıͨȻǿֻϣҴ׽ʿһСҪ̽еǰ취
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819 ̻VS˾
ͷ·ǧڵٿ񱼡
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ΪߣȻǰ˹ţͷ
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ʲôΪʲôðĴţͷսʿЩðͬսʿȻ֡дĴŪףôܸġ
˹ŵĿŭ
֮ǰճдŴţͷȥûþٴҵһսǣսûճǴֻɼʮ棬ţͷ˵ȫ㹻Ҳһֲѡ񡣵ʱսͬڱսʿƴᣬɱҲѪɺӡ
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ţһҵսͱˣȴ򿪳ŵĹͷֱӾͱԼġˡƬУҵɱ
ΪŵʧأսֽҵսԳΪģ񱬷ЩͻȻðĵ˶ǸսʿһںҹԷֱ档ʱһĳսʿʱͱøӵĻңܶȫԼɱС
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Ҫ׷ңҲǹģʧˣʧˣ֪ҵ˶֪Ǵ˵ѵģҵ־Ъʧء⣬ȫⰡ
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ȻԿһǰٷɶݣһӣлһߴССģ͸ǵٸԼȣ޲аȳϡԼܵĲ졣
һŻΣһ߹һȣòΪӢһۿȥ硣ؼǣͷϺȻһֻ۾ϳֻ۾ֻǵֻ۾Ǳŵġ
˵ȫϵġ廹˭
ϵϢʮǿƿռ䣬ٶȼ죬̤һֻɵɫ㡣ǹҡβͣٶȼ졣ʼսҧں棬ңƺԽ׷Խ
Ǹ쵰ƨħ
ſսϣе̻ͻȻɴ۾ţһվëʼ۾̹⣬еѾԾ¶˳ĶǰǵӰ
˾ժǣô
̻ʣͬҲڵһоϳǵӰ˭ǰ棬Ǿ;Բǣļܳ⡣
˾ժǣ˾ժǡ

ñʱҵһѾ˺ܾˡǱʵ衣
̻ʷһŭΪһ̹⣬ڰоһ̷磬ĳ˾ժ˹ȥĿ⣬ȫһֿɱһ
˾ժ˭Ȼ̻˼Ǻޣ̻ʵǻܻڣʲôţˡ
Ҷ֪Ŵͣ
ѵ̻ʸ˾ժһ̵£ǰôû˵Ǹ˾յѣ׳ʿҲ
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˭̻ʼǺ޻úûŵģǶֵþġף̫ˡ
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˾ժҲû뵽ǰͻȻһ̹⣬һɫ䣬Ӱʱجΰجΰ
Դӵµһͷһ־飬ʧˣΪ飬ĪĻּЪԵʧءҲ֪̻ʵӰ컹Ѿϰˡʲôǡһ㣬䵽˺
̻ʣ˾ժҲ£¶ߺ֮ɫ̻ʣֻȮ˾ժǵȫϣҸûꡣãããĺãһ㡣רΪɵľͨһǣƨ޺ƨ
˾ժǷһŭ𡣶׷ŵǿ߶ˣһת˲ͽ󱳶׼̻ʡ
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ʲô㾹Ȼƨɶ׼ʡҪճɺӡ
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붼룬һ֣һɫͳ˾ժϯȥ
һƨ
˾ժǷһϺȡ


820 ۾
ƨʿ˵Ǻܼ򵥵顣ֻҪԪƨܼ򵥣ηһƨһǧŵĴƨ˾ժǱʾһ㶼ףһ㶼򵥡Ҫ⵽ߡ
ڡ
˲һƨ죬¡
Եµһһƨ̻֮˾ժǾͷ֣ԼھȻһϣϺȻͽƨϡ
ϾѺ˾ժǴ˵ȴվ޿ϴԴ֮Ϊľһ졣Ϊľǽڿ̻ʱʤɱﵡ
̻ʾΪԺеԹ״ļɵתͽƨɶ̻ʡ
ƨϡ޺ƨ
һ죡
˾ժĿſڷһ
Ƿһͨ졣
飡
˾ժƨɺ洫һը졣һβŷųȥѾλΪΣңɫģܿμ彻һ𣬾ȻΪһ޺޺⣬ɫù˸ƺڡ
һֺ󣬶ʱͳ̻ʳɱȥ
ܿ޺ʮֹµζ壬һǾģ㣬ŵоޱȵܡ
޺̻ʻӳ̻ײһǰ㣬ȭͷһ޺ȭ̻ϣҪֱ̻ӺȻ̻ܹ죬·õһֱӴ޺ϴ͸ȥɳ˾ժǶȥ
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˾ժҲǲ֪ŵڿʲôģͨǳɫȻڿ㡣̻棬Ȼɢһɫ⣬̻סһ֡Ȼյ˾ժһҽУȴû취ȫ˺˵Ǹźڿڿƨɡһʹ
ʹҵƨɡŻˡŻˡ
˾ժǲҽŲϿ񱼡͵ĽƨһҪƨϵĻһȥˣƨɱˣʹȥձǿ಻ԡȥ죬ٶȸ졣
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һˮϳƨȥΪһˮЩ̻ϣҲ֪̻ʲôЩ˭̻ЧһöûС
ģˡóޱȰķƨƨħһŹ㡣
̻ڵϷǹɳֱ޿ײ룬꣬޺ƨκһųǾ㣬ںһǾޱȡ޷ݵĳ˶ĵֱȥʹ࣬ʵ̫ʹˡ
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ϸȥ˾ժƨɺһٻɫ壬ƨɺΪһ貽޵ľջʮֵѤ·ɲǼ俴ջš
Ȼ󣬾ջһӾըˡ
ؾջСѩ㳯˷ƮɢÿһƬ궼ɢϢζ޷ܣң⻨꣬ƮƮʵÿһƬӲ࣬Ϭޱȡ
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쵰ȻǸƨħ
ǿĿһУٳ˾ժ׷Ϲȥζʱڰͣˣңʶ汬һξ롣˾ժǵĿʮֲƣϵļɵ൱Ũ
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ǶȻźǶڿ㣬ֱҪЦˡƨħְáֱ̫Цˡ̻ʿЦֹЦѾŶڵϴ۾Цˡ

пϵļҲ̲סһ鴤оǰ׹ڴ۾һˣźǶڿ㣬ֱһ۾
Ǳ̬ѽ
ڼҲɫŹ֡
ЦЦֻ۾ҪϹˡ


821 һì
˾ժǿˣæ·óٴϣסϵĺǶڿ㡣ڽ֮ǰѹûԼᱩ¶Ŀ֮¡˿ԼźǶڿ㣬Щģ޲ҿ鲼
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̻ЦڵϴɱⶼЦûˡеĺҲ漴ͻصսϣſսڴЦֹ
׵ѣҵˡ̫ˡһղǺüû棬ˡ˾ժסƨɣٱžҪС
Ķڼɫһ䣬ԼҪ˵ĸо
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뵽˾ժͷųƨټֻ֣Լ·ǣҲ°˭֪˾ժʲôʱͻȻʧһ£ֱӰԼ·һ硣ΣǾûֻԶۣɿ
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飡
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һ޴籩ƽض˲γɣγɵһɲǣϾͲµΰ籩У˲両֣ŷ籩תиննԺƻ

սìһ籩ײʱ糱ˮնսìϣһƺսìҪնϣìҪĥ
ͼǿ߱ȥش
ֻǣͯĵķ籩ûȫ赲סսìһѪɫսì˲ʹӷ籩жȥֲķ籩תŤ֮·սìû˿Ӱ졣
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һУ˵ʵ򣬴кȻֵһգ֮飬һɱѾͯоȻ֮ûУһɱ
⻭棬ԵüΪ񱩡
ţͷĿãеĿⶼء
ɵĲеʵһԲϣ˲ֵĹֶΡǺ֣һ˿ԥûУ־ɱС
࣬´ˡɲͨ塣Գ壬ȻЩţȴδز١ոһλֻϾѡǿߣһֻ۾򷨡ӭս˷ңǽݲκơһɱǵˣǾ𣬲ݡǲŹġûսǡ
ţͷĬһº˵
ܿǿҵļɵ
׵ѣĵѱ۹ΧһλŮޣҪǿȥ檡ɲӲҪǲܵĻµǿ׶༪١
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£˵˭
һһĨ⣬˲䶢˾ժϣѯʵԺбܵĸֳһӰǵӰƺ
µһĿĳǰ
µָʼĵס
ͻȻʱͼеĲ
Ȼǵµһµѡڵһķϣɲܲܡ˾ժǹϵ˵
ô£
һֱѯʵ


822 ͫʮ
Ѿеŭ⣬ɢһ˿⡣ǿҪǿΪ檺еŭֹסðڣȼաѾĵΪһӡǡֻΪʱѡ
ϢʱѾð
ҲǺħս׽ħսϿ϶ܶûԵңο϶½콾ŻۣеĸҲ϶ǰҲѡսǰģһͷ֣սϵ塣û취ֻʩչʱһֱϡ
˾ժǿ˵
ȵȣʩչʲôôôõų
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ߣҾڸӣ棬ùϢһʲô˵ģܱľ˾ժɫѿ˵
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п˵
սܱסʵ򣬾ѾһΪ׵顣˾յľٶûʲôԹڦģÿһ˵ıܣԲе£취Աֱӵ˾ժǵԸ񣬶һ㶼֡
ڹϢһ֮󣬸Ҫӵȴ֣ϻ˴ڡʱڵĵطһɽȡɽȱԵλá
˾ժǼ˵ʱҾн̸֣ɽھȻΧһȺˣסоµѣΧǵģ塣ңһǿΪ˹彨ǵȻƺΪߣһͫʮӣҲ֮Ϊʮӡ巢ʲôҲΨһ֪ľͫʮһȺǿΧסɽȣµΪ檡ɽ˶Ҫ˭ˡ
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ճǲûǿأҲȱٲȺ죬һֱʣɵĺǲ롣֮ǰŬȫΪС
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Ҷ֪ü˵ʦϾôǰȥǲЩ̫ðˡҪҪ׷ȥҪʲôҲԳһ
ãǽ˵Ļϵǰõѡ񡣶ңпռڣֻҪľһǲɵֵҲ˳סճǲҪ顣
ڼһĨζɫ˵

ħսϣһɽȡ
ɽϸȥ䷶ΧֻһСɽȡܻɽֻһڣҲڡȻʿԣЩ⣬ֻҪﵽϾͿնУƿնȥɽȵĵβ谭
˿̣ɽУȻԿһʿۼɽСв¶ʮˡһ¶֮ɫɽǰܿһȺǿߺȻ档Щдž۵ģҲдžս׵ģһȻһɫۣڳϣŸ־֯һ𣬴
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Уָ߸ϵĸо
Ѫе
ݣҪŮˣֻҪһ仰֪Ů˻ֱĴϣ֮¡һ仰ǵҡһֶ͡
ΪһŮʦڣͫʮ˵ҲǵһΡ
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ûڵһо͸ĶеŮӡ
ǵһΡ


823 ҵķ
ŮһҪõҵòǾͻ˭õ
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ҲܣԸվҲԲǻȴŽɻҪⲻҪȵѳΪ檣ͬϡҪǳΪ檾ͳΪ檣Ϊ˵ı΢ųôôԸϵս
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ߣһòϲѷɫֺĽɫŮӡһɫװϣгһģ޳˫弸ֻ֮òľ磬һֽʣ˿ԾһϧһҪĵĺǻĸо
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аԳȻܣǿйƻţȻҲ޷顣ǽŴҹ֮ڵλãһԪռ֮ڡδԪռʵ֮䣬ܿĵȴ
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һԺԥ˵һҪɣˡȻش
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848 
Ǻ˵ٶȿ죬еķӦ죬ڿǺ˵˲䣬Ѿųһ⣬˲佫Ǻ˸ǣսС
ȻֻǱ¶ħսһɿĸܵǺ̺ж󣬼ֱǰδУһöǳĵĲ֣һǳıԴ֪ǺεȵӴⲻȫʢʱڵǺˡֵ޿ɹ
˵ǺˣŵϣÿһǶıģ˿̣սһɲǣڻռУ֮ѾٶЩƬϮ𣬽ƬٵĴһƻ֮ѸڻռȥռʱͿʼѸš
Ϊټµڿռڿռ䣬ѸţٴͻƵԲСһڲš
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ųÿһǹ⣬̺žû֮ȻȻĿʼǣڷԪ֮ǰչһǺˣƬ㲻Ǻˣ̺ӱȲϡ
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ã徹Ȼλаףһ٣ף֪λ콾Ϊཻ֮Ը֮
һսУһסս̧ۿյĺ¶һĨ

սϣһɫۣŰɫȵ̧꣬ۿգڰʱһĨ죬漴¶ŨȤ
ڰף⻹⣬ʵռݰףбףһΪȴҲеĿꡣһֻ̣²֪ҪӰ˭
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ȥ⣬ҪǾͲô򵥵顣ˤǿɾж⣬жǱ


849 
ʸ֮ľʸ֮ģһöˣ֮λ˭
пźϳֵȻռݰףɣǶһƣǿߴûбĻ֮λռΣδؾͻǡ
ûǿ߱ӣûǿ츳ǣΨһŲ֮ģ־ɱһѪ·պͷռݰףԴ֮͵塣ս
һһ䣬żᶨ־ĻԿ³
׺ðΪʸ֮ΣҲһս֣οҹڣȺҲҪֻҪеûٴ¾ɿн־档
꣬ôܳΪǿ塣
Ҫˣûжǿ߱ӣһʼȷʵȲ壬ûУǿϢȴǿ֮֡
λֵܽǣ⣬ȷʵЩ⡣û뵽Ȼλаףϣ޴ڣȻҲʵһ֡ǲģİסЦǺǵ˵ǵĲ²Щͬ
ħսŸոտֻʱİףܲһֱȥǾҪĸˡڴ˧˵ȻĿҲŹѫĶһʽħѾţսϣʿƾ蹦ѫһһĹѫ㣬幦ѫ֮ڡԣԾһУӦоС
شѾ֪ħսϣһִҹе˴пԽЩˣ½иû𣬵ЩǿܣҹڻҾţǲͬģ֮ģֻӵɱ¾ƻϴҹϢǴҽҪԵĵˡ⼸죬ǸոտʼڽǽٸӲпĿ顣
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ϱԴٶҲһ̣ױǡͼԡɫǹ£ͼøӵͼصϷٶȻԼ䣬Ҫֱ۳ɻĴ
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ȴϣڱԴĲٶȿ쵽˼顣ⲻǶãԽø
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ʿһ˿ǻ۵ĹâĿ
ʱ䲢ǸոյִѾ졣ֻվܲ󷨣ûκܿ̽ĴڣҹŵĹûа취
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׷ѰȻܼ򵥾
ճǻҪġ
ʿȻһЦ֮гš
˽һȻûʲô뵽ڲס
ʲôճǣȻǺܼ򵥵飬ճǲǶյģԽǰʿʿܽС
û죬ʿѾ뵽ճС
ȻڽװζһΡװȣһȥ϶ᱻڼ֪˲ŴûҪŹ
ݣϵȣЩڳɻĬĬ۲Ŵĸִ٣еϵ
֪УԴҲһЩ˽⡣
ڳУйشһЩ鲢ʲôܣУڼڼ˵Ĭ£׵ĸĴȥ
룬ƷƣƷơһһɳѹҰпһؾղعż
ǰԣŸĲͬʿ֮еĹô˳ȻǷ
ʿһס£ںԺУ
ʱ䣬㹻Դһ˽⡣
Խ˽⣬ڴҲԽӵĸоһԵľޡؼûеơǰȣвοԣЩȴȫڴġ

ʱȻš
Դʯ磬·սһʮֹ״̬УսսΪָһ飬˴˼䣬໥øѣÿսǶһԷյĳء
ҹһͶսľʵ̫Ӵˡ
ÿҹɫ٣ͻкҹſʼսսռݣΧսǣսǷȻÿҹŶдˣҹеʿͬˡڻһȡҹʿȻҹȫֵõġ
ңǴ׬׬
֪УʱѾȥ¡еʱ䲻ҡ
ճǣڡ
ĬĬиֳһĨ䡣Լܴпһ嫵ɽͼ
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վп棬ƽ˵
ʱѾ࣬ʱлҪ·һ·սǰɽħս൱󣬶ڻĳ壬ҹӱռݣһضҪЩҹӱв赲սϱ̺ΣգĻ˭֪ջʲô
߳ңȻԿڼ˽ѾȻڵС
ϣҪԶС
ڼУѯʵ
Ѿãսٲֻ»ϲϡ
׵ͷ˵
Ǿϴɡ
ڼһѪɫѪɡС
ʲôɡ
п¶һĨɫѯʵ
Ǵ׽ʿ֪Ҫǰ磬һ콾󣬹ͬһɡɡнʿһóԵĹѫ㣬ħжһһ챦ڶһнʿȫځϵԼľѪɡйעѪɷսϣÿ춼ѪɷҹѪࡣΪѪɡȴһԵ챦ȴ㹻޴ѪɡǴ׽ʿϵΨһϣڴ˴֮ϣһˣչ¶壬Ҵ׵Ϸɡ
ڼϴص˵
Ҫǰûֹ¹ϡκεԥΨһģɡɡľǴ£нʿеף
Щ׽ʿԣòıΨһľùѫһһɡɡоǵԸ
ãлнʿǡɡһؼʱʹáԲṼ˵壬衣
ɫصֽɡ˹ȥ
ⲻͨɡһѳд׽ʿףԸӹʱоһֳһݷݵ⣬ֿ
ʶĸǶһΡ
ΪЩɰĽʿǣʲôɲΪս
Ҫߣǽá
ʱͬʱ˵
ⲻͨᣬȥδܻסǡһ˵ʶĲ뿴ŮΣվ֮С
ҪŮӡ㲻ǽҲԼ취ǰ˵ɫ䣬һ˿ᶨ
ȥҺͽˣ޼漦޹湷ҪǰȥμӺ磬ҺͽǰȥաԼȴսСΪսսҺͽ㵽Ȫ
Ҳ¶һ˿ᶨһɨԥ˵
һսٵ콾ᷢʲô˭޷Ԥ⣬ĴսΪ壬վλϣѾûа취ٺˡһ̣ûбĿΨһľһǰ
˵޼漦޹湷ֻǾֻɽܡ
Ȼ֮ǰʼûб̬ȻѾϿУһŷϵϣǰҲûԥڵı¶ļ
ǡԸ޸ҡ
ҲɵһһֲţǵԸȻ˵Ļֱǳ׵߸Ŀеӡ
⣬ʵ̫ˡ
ѵǽü޸ˡ
Щߵ
Ȼǡ
еҡͷ˵
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䣬ȴֱӶǿڰݼ
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Ϊ˳֮ΪֹȻֻвһ󣬺󹬿飬ʲô˭Ǻ󹬼ǧȻ˳ʿһҲǼΪҪ飬𢣬ȴȶġ󹬿飬ЩԣҲǲס
༸Ůˣûʲôá


868 ҹ
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ڼڼİݼŮ̲סֳһ˿ߺ죬漴ѹȥ
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ȥ֮ճеͰѾʦΣճǲܶУڳеЩزϺãѾҪոļڡκ
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з𣬻βͣһԵ⣬žսȥƺҪս״ݻ٣Ƭ
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ţɣȻ̺ɱ֮
顣ʮְԵ
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սΪĺ档ɲͨսҲѷɫӵ󣬾֮ӣʤһ
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ⲻţҲ˵ţսΪ챦ţս֮顣ֻ꣬Ҫսɱ䵽£ЩûǾӻͬʱ֡
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ܸоʱŮһЩӲ¶һ˿ߺ죬ȴûоܾ뿹ܡϾ֮ǰѾ׵⣬ʿҲûйŤ̬֮
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ʧıӰпһ¡µƺһĨߺ졣̣һʱͷӦչǼ٣ռˡ
һ㣬ȻҲ֪ġ
¶ҹɫŨҲȥϢɱ𹼸Ƕһ⡣
дһ˿٩˵

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ף쿴ǰ档
ʱɫһ䣬ĿصĿǰ
зӦͬҲųǰȥ
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ӰϢܹ죬ƺҹһϢսϵĳ壬ҹ׷궯ɱȥһ˲䣬дͨսźӰȥ
Ӱһ˲ֻ֣ܵĺɫڰ渲ǹȥЩսǷڰֵһɲǣϢʧʲô޷ƺڰƺǴ󺣣ԨһСգۼ䣬ҹ壬ôʧ
һЩҹӱѣҲūǰſ񣬽ҹɫãܿһλɾɲǴƻաͨͨȥɡһŮӵ
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һĻУͫҲ΢΢һ£ʧҹԲһСĿʤϢʮֹ졣
ǿߣ֪ʲô壬һλŮӡ¶һ˿أǰĺӰ
ʱȴԿǺӰܵĺڰͻȻʧ˲ںӰͷΪһɡһѺɫɡôںӰСҹɫڣֹĿ⿴ȥʶĺ·𿴲ڸУʮֵĵ΢
ӰȻ̧ͷУһۣȴĴڸһ±üΪǿҡ廯Ϊһźâ˲ʧһͳǰ
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б³һ
ϸȥǰֵģȻһŮӡ
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Ůƽ˵
ҹﳤĺҪѷɫϴһֶصζ
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ϴһɫĹװϸĻװʮơŵĺɡݳϢɡУȻĴݳһֺڰϢƺҪһСͺǺڶһ㡣˴Ŀġһ۾ܿͨɡ
ҹУȴԵǰĺг䡣
ҹҪҡ
ƽĿҹȻȴûߵ
Ů٣һοǰпǵˡǿߡ


869 ҹħ
㲻֪ūңūҿ֪㣬һ˳֮С֪˵ҹЦ˵˫ɫգգһֺҹоĸо
ҾҪ϶ܡ
пҹƽ˵
֪鲢⡣
ľ֣ȻᱻĿעӵ½еһ˳ɾ͹ȣֻһ㣬ڵѾġսУͻȻռݰ֮λҲӱøӵǿңעȸ
һ㣬ȷʵˡ
ҹһϳУȻֵֻ֪ԭ򣬶ǣеĻѾд￪Ϊô򵥵ġ
󣬶е̽ȻøӵϽ֪У񶼴ʼǿĻ֪òڵһʱϳݡ
콾һ֮ôܻݽзϡҹЦ˵ʽһ£ҹħҹ
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ҹħ˵ڹżмأЩʱ䣬ڹ䣬ŽʱһЩ弫ΪѺõĲ䱻ɱЩеıղأһЩż¼ɻ񣬱ɴ׵أЩּأڷ֮󣬶¼ڲؾС
Щ岿ֵĺҰܲбУеģ֣鼮ҲǴڵģֻͬɼ¼Ķģܶ඼Ǵ岻֪Ķ
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Щ֮Уйҹħļء
ݼأҹħһʮص壬ʮϲڰҹɫںҹһֽϵĳݣ˵ǳݣȴһֱܵ׽ϲںҹ֮СΪںҹУҹħʵȷеļأǿһ֮䡣
ҹħ壬ǿ
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ҹɫ֮УҹħƣսΪǿ󣬺ҹеҹħԺɨ󲿷塣ңʮóμҹڣֻҪվһҪʩչ֮ȻȻͻ˺ӶԷĴڡڸоͻ
ɣҹħһǿ壬еʵԲ
֪ҹкָ̣ĪҪֹǰ硣ƽĿҹ˵
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Ȼǣ磬еǡ񣬲֪ڵǰҪռݰ׵ʵ̵жǿе콾ǿߣ֪ڰڴҪڽ¡Ҳ⣬ȿɲ֪ﾭ
ҹЦ˵ɫ䣬ɢص޷赲ģҹɫĳ֣ӡҹеľ飬Ů
ڴҲڽµģ֪ҹħ㲻һ
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ʵҹħһкηȻչֳʵҹħԹҲδɡ֮ǰһºܺ棬֪ܷһĺġ
ҹ¶һĨЦݣ˵
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ҹħȻѡ񣬵ҹ˵һлҪʵǱ
ܲӵֵ֧һлǿ
֮䣬ûоԵĵжԵѡ
һжǽʵĻϡ
һ㣬кҹ˵ҹħˣĻǾԲŵģҪţǾɵӣôĶ֪
ܲĺģҲҪʲô顣
пҹûбòƻƽ˵
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콾ƾʲôΪǱҵС
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ܶɲǼ䣬һ㡣
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ڹˣȫڴΪǺ۸ô
һǺŭ֡
̺ǰԵף֮նбᡣƺնҪ⡣
λƢɲ̫á
ҹĿã¶һ˿Цкɡ΢΢һת
һڹɡһ̱һĺڶ¾һûз죬ô׵ûڶУʧ
Ȼλ㲻Ӱȸǣ´μٺú۵һеʧġҹ¶һ˿ЦţһΣôʧ


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ŮԺ׼档ܸоԶ㲻⡣
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Цҡҡͷ
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ݹ⾫˵ʯʵĪ⣬һΪʥǿʥ壬˵ͨܶĵرÿһ𣬶Ǽؾޱ컯ʥ飬飬ǾгΪϴܴͨߵľǿǱͨӵвͬѰΰ֤Ŀܡ
˵Щʱ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ɣʥһּΪµ塣


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ѪǱϣȻ޷ʥȣΪѪʥ飬ԣʥѪǿᵽκζ塣ԣ˵ʥ飬ʥᣬߣǶ콾ǿߡսϰķĴڡ
ʯʥ黹ʥ᣿
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ЩϢ綼Ǿܣʥ屾أ˭Ǿʥ黹ʥᡣԿ϶ʥݵλʯĵ
ʥ黹ʥᣬʥйѾԿ϶ʯʣǾʯͷйأʯ֮ѪľǴأ˫
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⾫ȥʱһͻ뿪ͬʮͻȻ
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ԪޱŨڶУڵĲǺԪԪʮŨĻУһͷ˯ϰ궼ܳɾеʥرءһǧԲǿЦԪͬʱ׽طϡɡ


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ڴ˧ָһ߲еŮ˵Ůӵò֣޷壬ȴܿĳͬ漣
λ콾롣壬һѷɫǿ壬ഫڼΪңԶһμҵĴսսϯʮأѡνޱȲңʵɲСӡѷɫ
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ڴ˧ٴζһ콾˵


879 콾
ƽ޵Уǵзսɱһλ˿̣ϣͨͬƽ죬һѪڷƽâ˸Ŀ䣬ӱ֮ɱʱøǿѪͨʿһۣоۡ
۾ҪϹ
Ȼû뵽ʱֱǿˣң֮ǰǿ̫࣬ȻСκһλĵˡֻҪһлᣬǾͻʱڳױǿ󡣡
ĿãҲ¶һ˿ء
ƽǽɱģʵȣ֮
༫
УλӰħ콾Ӱǧɱһ壬Ϊ֮У;ӰǱеӰµĴ̿ɱ֣Խ׶սǴɱǿߡӰǧɱеٮٮߡҪΪУһܿµ飬Ϊ֪ԼԴһ˲䣬᲻ԼĲϡ
ٴָһϣͷ·ãӰһ㣬Ӱ֮ڣģʣͬ￴˿һֹĸо
ã񲢲ڣĿ⿴ȥʱȴ·һͷĴʱննϣɱ
ڰеĴ̿ͣµɱ塣
ֻҪ׼Ҳһɱ㿴¼ûʲôĿɱġ
һɱǾɱΣΣֱɱΪֹ
λ˲ãҲԶе콾еǿߣΪơ崫˵УͶԪǿĺִԪԣܹ֮ӳǿսز׾ٵ顣
ڴ˧Ҳڽλ콾
Ķ콾
ܿ⣬һɹ˸òϣɢǧɰ󣬸߸ϣ˲ԾĽ
ϵʣòʮơ
ڰλҲе콾ͫˡһ壬еֻۣ۸ͬȴµͫͨһɳÿһǼΪֲǿߡͫˣеǿߣ˹ܳΪ콾֪һ𶥼ǿߡ
Ҳ˵
ڰһλֻ۵塣ֻȻûгһ϶ų⣬𵴣ϣ̩ɽϣѷɫ
ھλҲˣԶʹ콾·Լʹ˵ʹݱɵ壬֣һУѪֻһǹһڰ໥Сһ𣬱Ȼἤһɱ
ڴ˧Ľ˵¡ʱսҲһȻɣϵ콾ݻǵ̣ǼΪǿģӵеʵݵλżΪֱӵĹϵǿ󣬴Ǳȷʵ󲿷ֵ塣
ÿһʵͬõս˵Ͽɡ
һɽĿüΪȡ
ʶĶЩ콾һǿҵ
ϣһ죬һԶͬλϡʿעӣõǧĳݾη
֪Уɽ֮ϼѾ
Ȼڰе콾϶ֹЩǣӵ˱ȼ콾ҲԻУ٣ֻûгֶѡ
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ʯͻȻ̧ۣɽ³һ콾ڡ
һɽصմ
һ仰ɽΪ֮žսΪ֮ʧ
ǵģһ仰콾ڡ
ῪʼڣĶ콾ͷ˶ˣûп콾֣·û콾ǰμᡣ仰ħսУʿЦ¶֮ɫ
սϵʿȴɫ̣оǧٴΣ׵ķ̣ûȥˡ˵
ʱʯʸרſ콾ǰڣ콾һûг֣콾Ѿɽϵλ˵ûˣ¶ҪҲλˡ
壬Щӡǿߣڲ壬ʵ嵱ӵϣǿ߶ûзϵͨˣϣ壬ôӵ콾콾ʿ⵨δҲ̫СˣȻ϶ҡ壬һȺ޵ѡ
ʲô֪ʲôɵȡ֮λʵһȺС˶ѣڿ϶֪Լİ֮λԲ˳ûʵȥռλãѡͷڹ꣬ҳ֡
콾콾ҪǸеҪǣǵĵӵжСվұһȡһɽϵ콾ŰֺС۾һ԰˵
ʲô޵󱲣ĵӱҪ
һ㣬е൱š
콾ڸҲԲð֪콾ڵĳ֣ռݰ֮λ¹ȥȻûнӺֱһ㣬úܶжǿҵĲŭ
ɽϵ콾ǸĴȻҲŸ־
˿̶壬һ¶֮ɫ
콾ļЦʡ
ħսУ϶һһࡣоԼûվ档
嶼콾ǰȴûгһ콾ֻһ嶼ûУֻ棬ʿӿֳʧ䣬һ־һֵͳ
ô壬ѵû콾ҵᣬ̤ɽǳ谡谡֪ҲҪǰɽսҲҪҸоڶûȥʿ
ţҾԲţ콾Բ֣ܲеѪ־ʿھħսʱѾ֮⣬ôܻẦЩ콾սɽϣҲӢۣǧΪһķᱮ
콾ЩСƣǸ壬ʲôʱĵӻᱻһȺЦֱܴ衣
ʿɫʮѿһ̲ס췢ŭ
еĲʣѪеĺ
岻ĺ޲ֱɱɽҪսǾͽѪȾɽ
֪ث֣һ콾
ֻһҲá
ôûг֡
ҧվڳǽϣҧгݵ˵Щ콾еŭɼ
ƺѾҪƲס
壬ɣսеʿѪе빲ϴÿһˡ
ϼȻǰͲ򣬾Ͳѡǰȥңţ˿ɽ⣬콾ȻڣңԲЩ콾Ϊ˽ǿ߼
ڼ˵


880 ǰ
ҿ콾֮û֮ǰ֣ӦҪȿ嵽ж콾ǰԼΪ֮λԵǳѹ֡ʯר壬壬ʸںǳռݲ˵һǳǾһǳ
ڼ˼˵
ǵģǵһһ
һǳģǾһǳġȻڰ콾ͬĴ㡣ȿ콾ǳѽ񡣵콾ǳʱеĹâӦΪҫ
콾ſĺоһһĨս⡣
Ȼ콾ĲˣûϳģҲڰУڹȻˣҲʱҫ죬ҫ㡣
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ȥǾȥ
׵ͷ¶һ˿ᣬһ̣վҪĪɽ֮ϣƵ콾콾ɽۡ
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콾ǰɣǿ϶밽ϵ
壬ϢȴʮŨ⣬ǱڵѪҪʲô
üͷ΢΢𣬰Գ
жͻȻֵϢʮɻ󣬸֪ģǰħսеʿ֮⣬ûѪģҲһȺϺзʲôʱðµǿȴ֪Ҳɲһ˿ɻ
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ʯʾĲУε壬ҪڷĶϣǵзѣһ㣬ʼնǼΪ˵ġƾʲôͿԸ߸ϣ㲻λǾҽԼȥ
Ȼ˲ãѹֿռݰ֮λĿҰĿƾ˫Ҫҵλúܼ򵥣ңλþġ
ʯϿŭ񡣿Уƺκս
ߣУ㾹Ȼҽ֮Ϊʹ𲻴Ӧ
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ͫʮɱȴûȫɱߺãеսפأʱϸ󣬺ԥľͽĿϡ
ֻΪҹսҪѰеĿԲߣң߸սǱӣһֶΣκβ
ڣȴֱӳ硣
ʱԭȵѪڴ˿Ȼı˳
УҴսս֮ûзֳʤ֪ɸս
ƽһ̣Ҳ³һ
УɽϣѾС콾еĴӦ
Ѫ𣬾Ҫսһ
콾ս
ʱʮ˷ܵʿһٴοʼСࡣ˭û뵽һʼͻܵô콾ԡ
ʯʱϾߣǴ˵صˣ֮壬ս飬򲻵ѣҲԸȥ
пһʯʣ漴ͽĿڰ࣬ͫ˵ϡ


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ͫˣȻѪҪΪֵܱǽ죬ҾͶսĳڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡Ŀͫϡ
ͫʮѾԼУͫʮ˹ʮеӡͫˣеڰ˵ӣȻѪǵֵܡʵиߵͣڻŵʱ򣬱˴Ǿߣ໥һȥǰȻɢ
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˼Ŀͫˣѯʵ
ܼ򵥣ʮӦ¹һֻ۾Բ棬ֻ۾أаᣬˣ귽ɰϢɢʮ۾
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г˼䣬һ֣âһԿһֻˮͳСһֻͫʮµǵֻۣҲֻ
ʱҲ֪ô£ͫʮֻ۾ȴʼûб𻵣ң滹̺ǿԼ䣬Էӳͫʮǿսһȫ֮У˵ķ챦ѷɫܷǿǾһδ֪
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ͫйâһһֻõĺ챦Ǿһֻһֻɫĺһֻ۶ɵĻõѤʣޱȡһۿȥҪ׳еĸо
һΪص磬Уȴʣã˵ξһ磬УǴܽȥпܳ׳٣ʧУ䣬У̫Ŀܡ
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ͫȻûκγɣվһɲǣֱǰ̤̤գü䣬ֻպϵһֻ̣һ϶ų⣬ѾΧմݳһŤ˺ѵһɫ˸⣬ÿһƶ·̺޾ķâиա
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ܱߵĿռ䶼ʼ˺
ֻ۾κҪҪԵ
ɱ
ͫ˵һƬ䣬ûκγɣֱ³һɱ
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ɫбУΪһɫĴӣڴϽ֯ĵơڴӱ棬ȴֳһֹѺۣЩѺۣͺǼĴһ飬֯һ𣬴벻õݡ
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ռʱ֮γɵͨ
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꣡
鴸ĳ֣ʼ顣
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Ȼ£ֻǿһۣоԼ궼εһ궼ᱻ顣һС
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һĻħսʿУһ¶֮ɫ
ֻ񴸣оһ˿ǿҵĿ־壬һҪյ־
ͬʱҲнӦǿҵĺġ
ֻͫˣŲæ嶼ûдӾս뿪йâһǹѾУһ׹սȻڹϡ

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ǹϣתԪ糱ˮӿսļ⣬ӴԪ糱ˮСսϻۡ
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һƿУȻԿֻ׹սױɽɫƽ죬ڼУŨɷɷƺ˺һС
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սƿնʱһԵĻХ쳹ţսã׻Ϊһİ׻տٿ񱼣Ƕڻ衣ֻһۣܸܵŨɷӿ֡
Ѹײڶ֮䣬׻Ѿ鴸ײһܿ׻ֱצһצ鴸ϡ
꣡
ڽܱܿߵĿռ䶼ֳĻ棬ֲ֮Ҫ׻˺ƬȻ򣬰׻ϣ˸ֲڻצ±һǿԻɱͼǿߵ鴸ڻצӲ顣
Ǳѣ顣鴸ķѡ
׻ΪһϸСƬܱɳȥ
ܣ
ͫĿã¶һ˿޷ŵĿ⡣һ鴸콾׵ֵӲҪ˵ǻ顣


882 һ䱬
һû֣ľȫȫӳɱУ־һ㣬ͫ˺ȻܷĴ󣬿ȫһһǰȻӲ飬һĻֱ궼Ҫ
һ̺һͼʿӵеġ
ֱǴݿķͨ
һжǿ
һ̣Ѿɲ̫ȡѾӭɱľ޴׻붼룬һȻ䣬һɫս׸ȫ
ս׸鴸һֳͨһֽҪľ󣬷·ʱ᳹𣬻ΪһϸСƬȻͬÿһϸСƬһռ䣬ͬһϸСĿռɣսϣֱӽЩСƬռУƬռʱĥ
ǷǾǿĹ
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𣡣
׻ɱһ˿ɶûУĻצϣ֮ϣʱͿֻצ½һױӲ˺һצϡ
һצ׻ģ
צӣ׻Ӳͫڡ
𣡣
׻ôʧˣͫգϾȻûа˿ڵȴ¶һ˿塣

³һ֣ڣһӸ߿ĻХѪдݳţⱬȻըһѪ
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С˵ܴ㹻Ŀռ䣬Լ²˵ҲֱӴǷֱԼɢ֮ϣûжӰ죬Ӳ⣬ŻסŮ˿ûиоѹϡ
ɽϣλһһڣдŮͬʱϣٲȻƻ˹أȴûһֹ
Ҫˣ˭޳ɣ˭ԡ
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ܶ콾ɫúѿû˳ڷû˿ָ
룬ֻҪһ䱬һ콾Ļ棬еĳ嶯˲ͻΪС
һ˰һԲϣͽһ콾䱬ˡҪǿڣǱʾҪһܻ
ܻţûԸȥ
콾ˡ
֮ͬУƴɱҲ̫ˡ
ֻҪһ뵽սⶼĳɢ
ߣǿҲֻ˵֮óģҲһѡһ壬ֻƾһ콾֧ţ֧ŵô壬Ϊһ֮סռݰ֮λɲ
ƽ۾У˵


883 ڴ
һ壬ֻһǿ߶ΪǿģӲҪ˵ռݺİ֮λܳвϣǰףİףû㹻콾ǿ֧ţΪǲͽʵͺĸ¥ãʱᵹ
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һ̣µϴݳһ߿һʮɴСĵУֳһ޴޾Ĵﵶ⣬նȮɽϡ

ȮɽӲޱȣһУ絶ķâ⣬ײڵϣҪѹ飬˺ѳһϸСƬ
Ȼ⵶̫Ե̺ĵ̫µⶼƺֱӳٵĲΣκٵѷɫ
⣬۳ʱͿ񺣾棬ɹ׽٣ɱһʱԲҲ񺣾۷ԲǽϾżѾ򿪣谭ĽϾΣһ⵽⣬ϾԲ˵һ⣬Ǹոͻƣɹ׽٣Ͼеǿߡ
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ЩϯֻǷһȡ
УȻԿУųһŨĽ⣬ȫѪⶼɽɫ·ǻƽ죬һּǿơ
ϣֱӷһĿǴ̽ڣֻǣûѪ⣬ͱһǿǿ赲סƵֻһƤѡ
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ѡʱվһҪΪһյɽĿֻҪħսϵģ;ԲܻῴֻҪŷɻսϣţǾһ֪սϣɽϡΪս
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Ȼñܣɱܸ𣬶ȴǲʤãΨȨŮ˲á

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һ㣬ܴӦ
ǼսҲϧ
һĻ콾УҲ¶Ź֮ɫƺڴ
壡
ʱɽ棬׵ĴһһҵĽŲǲ˵ĽŲǶĽŲǿ񱼣һƺǰŵĹ̡
ԶԽԽ֪оͿʼɽ
ͻȻҲһ̣ڶ콾עΣӦô򵥵ġ
쿴ʲô
׵ģðһȺ򡣡
ǴϹŵϴġħսսôһȺûиⲻΰɡ
ˣһֻϡ˭ʿʿһȺܵʲôôĻΪҪһȺѵû׼ʳԼһȺʳ
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һ޹ҿҹţɽ˱ᡣ
ϵŮ˭ܸо塣ѵġ
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888  һֻ
һŮһ£һŹ޳۴ƤòΪˣһͨŮܷܷС֣·ûκϸоʲôǿߵϢеֻһŮ봿档
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ôһСҲҪǰɽһȺɽΪɽĲݵô
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Ȼ֪Ůδؾͨˣ˵һ콾ǿߡ
гһв˵ðôһܸɱĲಮٵ콾ܶ콾жӡѾʼת䣬ȻǿߣڸУֹһλÿ֮Уôֻܻһλ콾ֻǴ˿Уû˵ûгֶѡ
˵һǿߣ֧ŲһǿģӲҪ˵˺ĹУҪֻһλ콾ҲͲԶˡ
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ûϵСϾпԣҪλֻҪԵľͺá
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һʱ䣬Ҳ΢΢üĿЩء
ǰ˵ġ
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ǿǰé
ԽŮ࣬Ϊ񣬴ﵽʲô硣佣ָʲôΡаһͷ
԰ԽԣУɣˮΪͻһǧµǣ޷԰ʵӦ
Ҳ˵Ϊ硣
ΪѾ˼ĲΣҲпĳΪطԳ֣ҪȻѴӱ濴Ϊʵ
˵Цˡϯ磬Ҫ̫࣬ңҲ޷ٶλʯջǿ˵
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ô˵һҪôҡҡͷ¶һ˿ΪѣಢϲɱɱãЩСɰˣԻǮܶóԵġڿʶˣԶ
۾ܿһۣ漴ڻƽϡ
űǾ޴ҡͷͷóûСɰá
Ѿͷ
ƽɫ壬ҪһȺɽȣֱܴ裬֮һȣһĪ衣
жҪð档
ΣյĹâƺһ̾Ҫֽɱ
һֻ򣡣
࿴Żƽ˼ۣɫűһָ˵

һ̣ɽϵ콾̲סһЦ
ñһŮָ˵һֻûбӿЦӻ顣
ܶ콾ΪʵЦҲܴϿȫǱЦ
ˢ
ƽһҪըˣڷ
ȻһֹĻˡ
ֻƽһ⣬ۿɼٶȿСţСͬʱڷת䡣
䣬˫۾ע£ܿƽȻôĿ֮£һֻɫġ򣡣
ɫëڷҡ
콾һ̣ǰһڴЦ͵Ц񣬶һĿɿڴı鿴ֻɫ


889 ҹϮ
ƽɻƽ𡭡򣡣
ڰ࿪˵ʱΪֻ˵Ļû뵽Ȼñ򣬻һֻһ̣콾оԼۣˡ
ȫǰ˸Ӵŵ֣һ죬һڵء
ڿɻƽںЦͬʱǸоһǿҵĿ־壬⻭ʵ̫ˣµεĿ־塣
ʲôñ޷Ӧıһֻ
ԲǱԸġ
ԱʵǾԵ콾һ㣬֮ǰɱУ˵ûκܹϵġžԵʵ콾λá
ڣһ콾ôǰŰһһֻ򣬾ôһֻ
⻭棬ϲСںܶУⲻϲУǰδеײС
Լ˱һֻɣԸֱҿ鶹ײˡ
ǱҪܼ壬ǿò
һɽ콾һڴ˵ƽеս򡣡
⻰˵ܵ콾ĿⶼúܹŹ֡
ʲôײУʿɲҪɻƽ¶һ޶Ĺлʵۣ̻ʡ̻ʿſнµ͵رʶӡ
ǹҪһֻ
ùһʮصͨһֻⲻͨͨġԣڳ档ͨһɹġ
аԳ
ֻڷҵĻƽҲһû뵽֮ǰݣޱȵĻƽһֻɰĻƽ
һ̣ʯʣоһкӿ֡
ȫԳ档
˿ʲôͨ
ҪⲢʲô¡磬Уһֹ֮Խ¿ӣɽʲôġ˵ǹޱȡ
ƵֶΣҲкܶ࣬ƳһЩҩͿʲôġЩСһԲϾͱôеײС
ܴŮôΪ˵ײء
ѾͷҪɱ㡣ֱ
ƽ򣬲ǱѾıжʱӿֳŨŭǽɫĻ·ҪȼҪеǰһȫճɻҽ
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ͲɰˣԹԱҪҸԲݡ
࿴еĳű»ָԴôȥƮƮңٶȿҲ죬ôĶܣȴôûа취ֻܿоһħҲκζĿռء
һӽʵʵôԴϡ
漴һԴ±һֻԴ
еŭȴʼ޷ɢ
ԣԣ
óһݣڱߣ˵
ԣԲԲݡ
ӶҪˣ˵ҪιųݣԸƨݣֱһ߳ܣ裬㾡ˮ޷ϴˢĳ衣
ñ䵽ȥԲݣǺεȵĳ衣
Ѿ޲ֱҸضȥ
ôû뵽ǰŮôײУԼôģڶ㲻ʵ̫ˡɣŮһǿߣһʮֿµǿߡ
һֻҪԲݰԲݣôʳ󡣡˵
ʳ㻹ҡ
оĶǱġ
һĻħսʿС
֪ٸʿһ̰Եһиܵһ˿⡣ôײе콾ôһֻƽߵķúܶȫ޷ܡʵ̫ˡ
˭ôײУȻһ콾ô򡣡
˼飬ʵֲ̫ˣԺҶסˣŮ͵ͷܣжܶ죬ԲҪͣ£ܵԽԶԽãҪȻͻ򡣡
סŮ˲ܵҪȻͨͨˡ
ʿĽԺУֱӡϡ
ϵ콾Ҳɫ䣬ŰĿǼɵ˭򣬱Ƕˣʵ̫ˣԺⶼһ޷ϴˢ۵㡣
¡¡
ʱɽȻ洫ҵĺУݳһµ˻𣬻иֿµĹֽ
쿴Ǳʲôöǲˡ
ǱҲУ
쿴ܶޣǣߣЫӡݣצӥöࡣ
ˣöˣЩڳɽϯ塣ϵϢԣ壬ҹĹš
壬ö壬ЩǰĻҪ޴Ҫ࣬Щڳɽô¡ǰ죬ҹľŵڷʲô裬֮Уҹһûκʵֻн͡ôѡʱ𹥻ھѾ̫Զ
ɽϣ콾ɫ䣬߾ͷǵأ޳糱ˮϯĿ꣬ʣǱֱɽ
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Сߣ棬ָĳһ糱ˮӵٶȼ죬顣ٴ˷
ңЩ忴ǰĻҪ޴󣬻Ҫ¡
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ҹȻֱӳɽѵ֪ɽҪ磬ԣҪɽ𹥻Ҫһٸ콾
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߲ƣ߲οҪһϯ治ô׵飬޺磬ҪաǶ㲻һɱ¾
ɽ콾ϵЦʼɢȡ֮һǿҵء
˭벻ҹʱͻȻ֣֮ǰսϵҹģû¶ʲô䶯ûκס
ıѾá
õ
ʯĿãѾһƬ䡣
ᣬеᣬˣȫƿе飬Ƕ˵һƣҹľٶɾˡҪֱ
Ȼⳡᣬ˭ҲƽεҹŲһ㡣
ͫ΢΢𣬻˵
µɱУҹ˭İҹҲֲĲЩŵսԴԴϵֱǰ̣ÿҹУ֪жսʿսսϡ
һЩʵԱøǿ
ɢϢӿֲ
ȻǰԵģҪǿһΡ


890 ҹ콾
ҹепܲǾֻǱڻҸһεĴ飬Ϊˣɢһֻңɱ¾еĿⶼֳһֹѪɫѾ񱩣һɱƻȱսҪ¡
ǵصĹϯУȻԿһƬڵĺƴԶƿն
Ǻʮ־޴֮һƬڰǻûнҹֳһֺҹľ
֣ﻹ콾ƼޱȣȻ磬ôûҹ콾ǰأǿҹ
ϣһСߵСЦ˵
Ȼ磬ңۼô콾ҹôܴʢᡣǷ룬Ǿֻܲ
һŹʿĮ˵
ôӢӣôܲλ콾ʲôóԵģǸܵʲôϻŶ
һͷѪŮӴ޵ĺ£һģ޾ջĿ˵
˵ţָɽ콾һֹ̬
ҹѪ콾ΪѪѪ壬аŮϲùԼ䣬ǻزɣʲô嶼⣬ȻģҪԷۣۣҲòһҪڣҪȻҲǵĴ
Ͼû˭ԸһѶĵܽӴ
ңµǣѪŮڽУڶԷﵽ㣬ΪܵʱֱӽԷڵľѪһգԼһֻ֣ʣһƤѪԣڽзѪҺΪ󲹣Ϊżǿ档ΪˣѪһŮӱҹ֮ΪѪѸ
ޣɵ֪ǵģ޲η֮Ы±ץȥ䣬ʬ޴棬ֻʣһƤı³
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ںϣȻԿһҹе콾ǿ߷׷׳֣̤ƶˣɽж¶һζ֮ɫ
ʯʾ磬һν콾һõĴûᡣĻᣬҹһô״ŹôõĻᣬܽЩ콾׻ɱɣ½ԣһξ޴Ĵһ㣬Ȼֵҹһľٶ
ΧɽЩ콾
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ǰҹ콾У֮࣬ǧ̤ں֮ϣһĿɽ콾ɢƣȻ˿ɽ콾ѷɫ
Ȼ硣
ҹûô콾һεսûǰС档
ⲻһμ򵥵ĽӴײѡ
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ټǵ糱ˮϯҹԺɵ˵һױĻɽϵ콾δǲܵ顣
һҹ콾ȻѡڱʾʱҪһˣΧɱ콾ش½ʵЩ֮ǰǷʹʴ𲻴Ӧ
ʯĿãɫѾһƬ࣬ޱȡ
ֱڴ
ȫȫûн۵ףеϣֱҪΧɱǰ콾Ҫ콾ɱǲôӣǶһɶ֮ǰе콾ͬôǶ½иԼ顣ǰ֮λ
սҲû˭˵ԡ
ڲͬҹ콾Ϯȫ֮սԼ콾ȴ콾Լ֮УɣǶ˵ơ
ʯʱͲʲô֮ˣֱ۵ͷϣôֳܱĬ
ʯǰɡ
ںϣһ϶һž޴ԴħЦЦĿ˹˵˵λҪлʯ㣬ҪᣬҲлὫ½콾һãΧ˵㻹ǵİ֡ʹ˼ҹΡҹʵɲġֻҪ룬Իȡ޾ԴҪʲôͿԵõʲôҹĴţʯ콾ġֻҪӦҹʱΪ򿪡
䣬ı¶һͼ
ıߣҹһǲ̫ࡣֻ̫١
ԶԶ
Ҫұ㣬ͶҹΣʥңҲҹսûͶйֻսʥ飬ûйµʥ顣ʯʣҹҪսʯʷ㵽ס
ʯоһϸֳһ˿ᶨ
Ȼ֮ǰȷʵ壬Ƕռݰ֮λʾѣһҹͬҪͶҹʥ嶼˶ߡ
ʥĸ硣
λѣҹΧǱʵҲҵΣģҹҪ׽ΧɱδҲ̫档У̺һŲŲͨǿ󣬿ڽֱŲƵԲ֮⣬ңŲƣƽ֮κ޷׷ֻҪԸ⣬λѣֱ뿪ȻӦ
ʯʿɽ콾Ȼ˵
ɽɲô򵥵ģ̺ͬŸֲֶͬΣķв٣Ųһ֣ңԿٽŲƳȥĴһŲƴʿţֻҪ콾ȫŲƳȥЩҹҲˡ
ʯʣҲ̫Сˣ콾ڴˣ۵ģǸ콾ǿߣ˵ǸһеĶǿߣľ½ʵҪҹʱߣʲô˼㲻£ѵǾͻô˭˭Ӯȴ˵Ҫ߱ãԺжһħҪҹ塭ˣ
һЦϯĴĴ˵
䣬Ѿյľ
Σܲսˣʲô콾ۣΪҪһȺԲԼҹ콾Ҫ˱ܣԺ鶼޷ͨ͸Ȼɳּ
ҹӴûвսˣսӵġοԵҹ콾Ҫһҹ콾ʵǲôǿ󣬿ֱӶѹ
Ҳԥĵͷͬ
Ϊ磬Ѿ׵ľҪԣΣҪġ
սʲô˶콾ۣҪˣԺͻǻʲôƨ콾
սЩҹѪ¾ơ


891 ߶ս
ɣ⽫һս
ңǰδеսҶȣǰκһΡ
ɽϣ콾һȺ鼤ܣķսûԸͷȥҪˣԺ콾֮ҲӵСû˭һλٵתܵʿΪ콾Ƕ콾һ衣ǲսӣɳ޳ܡ
Ϊ콾ȻҪ콾İš
սҲԲսӱ
ħսϣҹĴС
ʯʲͶУѵǾ͸սӱôҪˣصУҲҪ˵ָǸֳͷ档
ս涪á
Σûκһ콾ܳе
һʱ䣬ɽϣȺ鼤ܣһ콾ж¶ǿҵս⣬˶콾ƼԲһһڶ⣬Щ콾ԣɽκһսǣǱսǻҪǿ󣬸Ӿˡʵҹٶ࣬Ҳ׹ɽ
οɽҲûзֶΡ
ɽһϴΪ԰һͿԷɽҪƽ⣬Ҫֲ̫ҹҲ׹ơֲǡɽǾֹģǿƶģƶġⲻһɽһ𷨱
ã˼绹еĻǾ͸˼һ浹ɱδЩ̫ζħսҲҪرˡǰҲܾôȥ
ħ߿վںϣ¶һ˿ζ֮ɫ˵ȻЩӱԸǣδЩȤǶǸ콾ǰģҲҹеĲ콾ҹһ콾ս֪ΪΡ
䣬һ˿š
ڴǰЩ콾ûѡΨһѡһս޾ҹӱɱǾǽܽ飬еһ콾ս
콾սɣǴ콾ʵǸԵʵ̡
ʤܣӰԶ
кβңս
ʯһĨ⣬Ȼ˵
ԥѡӦ
Դˣɽϵ콾ûзκεķԣõѡ֮һ飬纣Ĺ콾ҲڷҪݽȥ콾ҲҪޱҡ
ܻ뿪
ܼ򵥣Ȼ콾սȻ콾ɱֳʤ֪ǸҲսħЦ˵ҹǧ콾ڴˣҲֻóǧ콾սȻǿѡĳͬ콾Ҳѡȫսһ㣬ҲûκȫƾԼѡ񡣡
ħЦǺǵ˵
ҡҡǿŴԴһν̬˵
ǧУΪôɽ콾жʱӿֳһ˿ŭ
ʲô˼ûнЩ콾۵סȫһӣ϶Ǹҹ콾Ķ֡Уһ衣
ߣǼȻţǿɱˡ
ʯϱ䣬ȴûֱӾܾ
ǲ裬Уܸһǿơ⵱У̲ҪҪʤ˭ܻʤ˭յӮҡ
Ҫαȡ
ӿѯʵ
콾սǶϷѵôֱɱһţսһɣҹһǿҲпܻᱻȭȻԷ϶ûа취ƺ⡣
ѵٴμ棬ħսҪرգȻˣɱ¾ҲûбҪһ챦ҲҹмΪҵһֱȶʽǾ߶ս塣ţҲͬС
ħЦ˵
߶ս壡
콾Щ¶ɻ֮ɫЩ¶˼ɫ
ħĶһбƺֻǣһУû̫⡣
Ҳ߶ս岻֪ô£ǰû˽
ܶ콾Ժпתͷ׷𣬶߶սƺһӡ
߶ս壬ǰϷжݱһֹŹ챦ϲ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫⶫʱҲû⡣
ʶħһбв鿴
ʱһص챦ԺС
Ǽ챦ʵһ̣ʮֹŹֵ̡
ΪֵĲʲôݺ᷽ûֱӵ·ֵһʵͼ棬ɽˮвǽһ޴ĸˮ˸һͼһֱǰΪҵϷͼϿȣ
Ͽȱһ챦ڵ
ⲻٵġ
ʵģ߶սڣ̺һΪصĶռ䣬ռϿȣһһľȫʵģңռʮ־޴˫ˮи·ͨԷˮߵءȫһģһģȻ滹Щǲͬġ޹شš
ңͬǣ߶սУܸһܣûʲôӢۣûСеֻǣԼӢۣԼС
߶սʵһɸԱҲΣգֻʧˣԼһն𡣻ΪУֻǶԱشѣһʱ䣬ȻԻָʧˣ᷵ءЩˣʤС
һʤʤս߷ſûĵˡսʱ˽ᱻԼһˮմ档ܣЩˣͻԷУΪԷ֮Ȼ
ħЦǺǵ˵
߶սĲ֮
һսζ˱ߣûˣǾζţ²˳ٷǰһһǧ˵ȿˮ졣һù
ǼΪпĶս
Ȼȴδرȷֳѷɫ١
߶ս屾߱Ķط򣬾ҲΪ˵־ʲôı䣬򣬾챦ĸ
ԾԶĵǶ١
ǶսΪ١
пѯʵ
ȫ
ħߺԥ˵
ȫǴŲսߣ뽫еȫȫȥ۳ս벫ɱһܣǾζţ˽ȫʧΪУҹ콾ռУֺڳ콾ȫشǴ콾֮λϵ䡣
û˵콾ǾͲ콾ȻᱻʿԽҪ𣬾һʮѵ顣
Դˣ콾Ȼ᲻
һ϶¶һ˿𾪣һ˿ءһսҲ
ƴʵͬҲǻۣϣŽᡣǸԵĬʵ
սûж
ֳ·¿ɾʹˣһıп𵽾Եá
ľıʵϡ
ۺʵıƴ
ãһս
ʯһĨᶨȻ˵


892 콾
߶ս壬Ȼһغҹ֮ĴսжԶĵʣĵˣȻҪʧһȴ߰˳ɵļʣһ콾ʹ˶䣬״콾еȥ˵ҪֻҪߣԴ˺ûˣֻ̤֮·ĻᶼûС
콾ͬһˡ
ûˣγΪ콾
콾õǸȺеˣǱˡ

ԽǿȻԽǿ
ͺñУҪɱȻҪӴˣȻڴУ׵˿Է˳֮棬ٽɱ䡣֮˳˳ɱ䣬Ǿõɱ䣬ȻȻĽ
ǿ˳˳жǿж
֮ǿ󣬿ֱӷ˳֮˳֮УΪ˳ˣΪˡⱾһ໥ٽĹ̡
εĶսУȡҹ콾ˣǶףž޴ĺô
ܶɱһҹ콾ͬøǿ
һսѾǹغĳһ飬ǹغ档Ĵǰݲκ
ܺã߶ս屾һּΪƽս壬˫ɱƾʵǻۡĹǲɸĵģԣ˭õĶԷʲôֽš߶սոպãһûǾֱӿ֡
ħЦǺǵ˵
ɫûһ˿仯磬ֻһϷѣʤϡȻǲû˭֪Կ϶жҹ콾ʮǿңʮֳ㡣
ãһս콾ˡ
ʯһϵĿ˵
ɫ䣬һ˿ᶨ鵽һѾû·Ψһѡ
οսԹƽĻ֮£˭ûжƿԣΨһ̵ģΪͷԣŽĬ̶ȡ
ʵͷԹҲ˵ŽĬĻֻҪϺܶ࣬Ͼ֮ǰǸ콾˭ûܽӴһμ棬ͽ󱳽ˣȻЩΨһܻʤľʵ
һ㣬ʯʶͬžԵš
οлеơ
Ǿ֡
ħЦǺǵһ֡
ʱͿǰһķ̡
ϣݺֳɽˮ֮
ˢ
߶սۿɼٶѸţұգۼ䣬ѾŵռݴƬգеͬɼĳħսʿС
ʵϣһʼɽⷢ仯ʱѾս֪
Ŀúҹ糱ˮ㽫ɽܣΧˮйͨûκΰ취ԴִɽҪԮһּΪѵ顣һսǣɣпֱȫսϡԣûǸ
Ȼٿҹ콾ĳ֡˫߶սһʤḶ́ȫһ
߶ս壬⵽ʲô壬Χ֪廹ǵһ˵ͷԣȫûͷʦֶսô
ҧǹŹֵ˵
ӦһȫµĶս塣ΣҲǵһνӴ֮ǰ˽Ĺп֪ԵûйϵʵйءʵһеĹؼıõء
ڼ΢΢ҡͷҲ¶ǿҵĺġ
һȫµ࣬Ժɣڽ֮½У÷ҡᱻʿ׷
ʲôţһӮԲáο콾ռšȥģɲֻϣΪԷһʦҶ֪ѩ³һȺǰɽ磬νս߲¾ս
ҵһƶ˵
֮ǰȻ˵Ҫ˸棬ȫճǣԷһֲָõ顣ڼջѡҶ֪˸ȥʲôʣʱҲֿԵοеڴԣʵ̫ҪˡԼǣЩΪӵĲܲǡڿһк˵𵽲Сá
ҵϿеȺǵĵ
ħƽ˵е̣ڹ£һ䣬һѾֱӽڣУҲֱӽһ⣬˲ͽħ˵ڡУһǲ˺ǵģ߶̱ݻ٣ڱݻ֮ǰҲὫͻڡܹøӵпٷӦʱ䡣˵Ǳ붷սʿܵ˺
Ǳ֤սĹƽӰ졣
ԣǸͲڽ붷ս̺ıܹοΧҹأһκαʣ᳹׿񱩣ɽҵĹ
ãȻˣǱʾһ
ʯʿ콾һۺ󣬹ϵĿ˵
һ䣬һͶ뵽С
һˣǾʹʹսһ
Ҳ콾ôܱҹЩаħСЦ
ֱɱ£οսʧΣ˾ѡսͿ߶սǸʲô
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ֲĻ֮ǰûӱܣȻӲܻӱܡ׷׷ֳһ񣬳߶սͶȥ
תۼ䣬콾ֱӽ롣
ʢ£˱ӡ
ӷһȣž̤˽ȥ
Ѿͷ콫һսôٵһƽ֮ǰʱ£һս˵̨ϣɻƽıſڴе
գգ۾ƺڿǣ˿ϵ̣ջǻԴһ£âһʱͿֻƽ֪Ѿ±ɱָ
ڱϣܿԴһ˿Ŀǲơ
Ҳѹ֣˭ֱӱһֻ򣬶Բʲôɫԡ
һҲǸƽϵʱ򣬵Ȼǲ߱ˣڿʱлЩ}ûţܽ޷֮ıһֻô²ⶼΪ൱Ŀֲ
ܲǾͲǣѾͷƲ硣
߶սôҡ
һҲֳһֱС
֪Уɽϼе콾Ѿ߶ս֮ڡûн롣ǾУ𣬺ǡ
Ǻ£ڵȴʲô
콾ڣɸһ߶ս壬ҹһսҹ֪岢κҪ
дվգſ³һ
лص
ȻΪƣǾӦʵǡ岻κ塣κǿѷɫ
ϵĿͬ
ã۰ԣһս
Ż£ʱдһɽ⣬һһӰ󲽶


893 Ͽ
۰ԣһۣɢһεİɰİǲͬģ߲ͬȣ۰ԻҪѷɫһİΨ𣬰Ե˫˳߲ԣ־ܷϣʵǿܸо۰ѾͻͼΪͼǿߡΪ콾
۰ԵۣǰǽȻͬɱ۰δʤù
ԪҲ
ʱֻһȡڴУȻԿһ˫粡ӴԶ̤ɽͽ𴸣ȴǾ䣬Ŀã̲סһּǿ𺳡£ƺŨѪڷ
ĲԪԻ˭
˵Уʷǿľս֮һ
Ԫԡ
ҲϳԪԵµһѾۿ֮ɱǽһҡһδػѷɫĶǿߣ콾
ߣⲡȻˣôܲ
ʱֻһУһƥɫսƿնƥսԵüΪ죬£̿࣬ްëͷβһɣ߰˳ߣ˻ڿ뺣֮״սϣȻԿͷϽڣްٻۣͷϵռʨֳֻꪡһ񽫣̤ն
ķɣԪȻǲ֪١ƣѷɫ
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ԪԿֻ۾ʱⱩǣ˫ƺҪĶַ𹥻еսƺȼ
ߣɲȶģҪ´ٴʹ죬ҵĹꪷȵҪǿ̫ࡣʱɱһס
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ã´һҪʹ졣
Ԫԥ˵
ȻҲ֪ڲǱԴ򶷵ʱ
֣¹֮£ҲòϣԾౡ֮
ʱһѩ£һţһȵʿһԶÿһ¶·صĵת·תƣسɴ㣬ת۾ɽǰ

пͫһ̲סһ˿һۿʱѾԷݲ²ԳƣŴ磬ɢϢٲȻӡеһλ̫ơ
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񣬴ҶʿԵЯЦſ˵
Уڵı¶׽
˭ڻУû˻᲻ֿ֪ʱڵة࣬ܳμҡ¼ҡ⽻ҡѧҡ鷨ҡҡ˵伸һȫš
ھϣܿͼ԰ͼսϣս޲ʤպաıϣҲǶ⣬Ȼսıδ⣬ȴ٣Ϊھıϣһ¼ʵ̫ˡ
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Ҫ˵û֮ģǾǼٵġ˲ܼף绢ǷԵɱ䣬Կʼš
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һȥʱ͸о·˲Ϣ䴩εͨرݣһȫİĵطǰɫһ䣬ٴιۿʱѾ֣Լһ޴ƽ̨ϡ
ƽ̨ϣȻԿ콾ѾվһڱĿ
ѶϢ߶սеĹ򡣡
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ѶϢϸ۲󣬾֪棬һѾ֪һǹϿеĶս
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Ͽ·ֱˮˮԱݻ٣ˮǿƻһͻᱻˮǻɱÿһлɱͼǿߵƻ
Ҫݻˮֻг״ݻֱӻˮҪȻѻÿһս
ս֮ϣ޷һǳ֣Ļᡣ
ϿдޣĴޡֱΪѣ磬͗軡һǵأͻᱻ乥ղǱɱǽǻɱһɱĴޣκһ𣬶ܵõһսϷӳŤתǬ
пԺеѶϢսĹԼһЩҪ鱨
ǰ֪ϿȲһĴô¡ɱǺܻʲôıսʲôĹؼáЩδ֪Ҫڻɱ֪
аһͷ
Ϊв࣬Ȼ߶սĹӲпᣬӵĿ£һսûĻᣬ˵κʧ󶼲УһʧǾǳ֣޷ĵʵ
̧ۿȥ
ƽ̨㳡ϣȻԿһ޴ˮǰˮɢɫĹâͬһöС̫㣬ܵҫϣԵʮֵʡͬԡȪ


894 ·
·Ķһá
Ȼ棬۳ҸоȻԭȵûκͨȫĸƣԭʲôʲôܹٷ֮ٵķӳȫʵ
ܺã̫ˣ֮ǰΪֻ־ĻĳγѹƣʵܵӰ졣û뵽һӰ춼ûУһҪɱҹ콾ƨ
ãҵԸۣԭȺʩչһӱʹȻ棬ôˮΪʲôˮҾһǿҵػ֮
һ콾ı仯
һУƺǸԭû
ڶˮػ֮Ϊ֮ȫˮ֮У˵ȼˮˮȻŽܵϵиԵˣ˭᲻ػ֮һܣ˾ͻᱻᣬԼ˭ҲľԼδЦ
ҵˮ֮С
ͬöɫˮˮܵԼԭȵ˴棬ȴ޷ջѾһ߶սĹ
Ҳȷڴս˸и
㳡ܴһۿȥɾ޴ǻ콾ûκӵļ
ڿ㳡⣬ȻԿ£·ǰ
·ܿȻֳһְɫƺ·ѾѪȾ졣˱ܵĸоһɷϢⲻͨĵ·ȫһ·
ǵģ··Ϊ·ϣûκѡ
ڵ·ľͷߵϣȻԿÿ·϶һˮզսˮսɢ˵ƣսĶˣһöɫˮˮϣȻԿصķ˸һÿһͬǰ˵
·ߵˮϵˮ˸ŽɫĹâһɫˮִɢһ׹⣬Ȼһһͻᱻ
·һɫˮˮУкɫķڲתȻһ·һ˸ɫ⣬кڱã˪ƣһ
ЩÿһɢǿϢͼв
Բܹݻٵġ
ǿķҪβܴݻ١
콾Ŀã¶һ˿֮ɫȻôܹݻٵġܶ콾վ£ѾĸодݳһввʮǿҡڤڤиӦӲҪǿƵĻɵĺΪءûж콾ſӲЩսĹ
·ݸոõѶϢÿһ·ֱͨԷˮڵĵ·ѡһֱ֣ѡһ·ֱɱԷˮǰսȫݻ٣ɣǶ̱ӣҹ콾ʵλãһδ֪Ƚءԣ潻棬ʤϡڶѡ񣬾Ǳ·ֱػǲ֣ҹ콾ϮɱûиһɱǾǳ֡ɱԽ࣬ƾԽ󡣡
ʯܣϿȵķΧʮ־޴󣬷·һ磬һУܵĻ͸ʵû
ѡȻǵһֱȽðգڶֱȽϱء
һ̫ðգЩҹ콾Ȼǵѡ߶սУǾͿ϶ڡң··ͨˮһѡһԷ·ɱ赲ͻøѣһСģͻ
콾һޱȵĺŮ˵Ů˵ĹǣѾ뵽УһһЦ޾С˶ǡⲢЦڵһʱɡ̫ðասֵʤܹغÿһ콾
ðռʵʧ׵
ΪѡڶַΪ׵ʱ򣬱һδǴٿЩҹ콾κλᡣκοõ
ӿ˵
ѡڶֱȽϱصķ
ǵҹ콾Ǳ·һѹǣЩҹ콾һκһ·ǰǶԵֵȴԮڲ֮ء
ʯ콾Ľ飬漴͵ͷ˵
δ֮ǰѡطȵ̽ͳһ𹥻һսغ棬ͬǹϵδϣλЭӮһսʯʶȻ˵

һ£ʱƽ̨㳡е콾׷һǿҵս⡣
һ·ֱѡ·ʯһ·ѡ·а࣬ѡ·
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һɱҹ콾ҹ֪½δػǡ
Щ콾Դӱ֮Ϊ콾һĸû˭Ը֮¡һսֱչ¶ħսʿУڴսдʣؽ硣ΪĴ档
תۼ䣬콾Ѿֱȥ˳·ȥ
ڹ㳡ȴһûж
һȻΪ׵ʿ
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пڳѯʵ
ʿȻвǧÿһλ˵λεСÿһ콾ǲ˵ʵģҲϾңԽ׶սǿǧ콾ӦѾ׼Ϊսɽ֮ϣͬҪΪ
Բηҹξ֮С
УȻı󡣻ţȴûг
λѣ֮·Ѿʯʵ콾콾ǰÿһ·Ƽ콾ǧҹ콾Ҫ࣬ʱص·ػ顣
׵ͷҡϿѾϸ·м䣬ŴĻҰЩҰش·ȴֱӴִܿߵأֱӹߵϵ
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߶սҹΪҵһ֣ǶĹѾϤ콾ȴİġȫռһȻ
ѪЦ˵
ֵϤһƣһЩпһʤ
֪ģֻϿȵĻӦû֪һĻʤǾֱԽҰԷݻˮٶ죬ǶֵϤʱԽҰɱ档
ңҰУĴÿһֻҪɱܻȡһսƾֵĹؼֻҪܵõļǻʤĸʿһ¡ȻܷŹ
ħǻ۵Ĺâϣ֪Ͽȵ򣬿϶ѡðռǱ·ֱӱصػֱƽδݻٷԣԽҰɱԷˮʱȷֳһֱֱǰ·һǵıֲ·ϣЩ콾šǵעǣǵĿ⡣ԣҴֳһǧֱ֣·أأսˡΨһĿ꣬ǽס
䣬¶һ˿š
սһʼѾעʤҹһڹϤʤ֡


899 
ҹ֮У͵֪粻֪ոսӴ£˼άûд򿪣뵽͵飬϶Բߡԣ£ȫпһٽս׻½콾ȡԷˣɱһ콾
һмͿԼһС롣
ջ
ǣ콾ͽҡ
ʿ˵
ãֻǧ֣͵ҪһУһǧֻһǧ赲һĹơңòһ²ⲻǵж֣ĻԶһ󡣵ȵǷʱеһоѾ
ħ΢󿪿˵
ؼһǲöԷطߵء
ħ϶Щ콾ܴԽҰΪҰдڵΣգڵһνҰʿ˵ÿʱÿ̶пܻڻҰУĴޣĴ޿ɲʼͣһģǻ᲻ߣĴһ⧲£ͻɾ޴
ͨӡӲô׿Զɹġ
ͨӵǿʿȥҲҪ֮ءʮײСûǿǻۣǿʵǲܿԽġҹУҲǾ飬һδȫ£ķͲţе콾ܹ׺ͨӣҪɣҲҪһ˵
ЩѾȷһԽҰľٶǲܵ顣
а취Խͨӣơ
ǺǣֻµɱϸߵأݻˮʱЩ콾оȫͷԡ
СЦ˵
ã
ħߵָ£ܿ죬Ϳҹһ콾ѾٷֳһΪһǧֱ·ɱȥһǧŻҰɱȥ
ħվڸߵˮǰûж
콾ʵ֪ǿĻ˳·ɱߵأһ͵ϮˮĶҲ޹ĻߵϣҾһϡ
ħһĨĹ⡣
ΪߣʤͬʱҲҪʧܵĿܣκʱ򣬶һ֣Ȼ޷ⷢʱЧӦԡһػΪľԷһһ֣ҪԷɱߵأзתĻᣬŤתǬĿܡ
ȻϣĻǲҪõֿܡ
Ҫ䵽ֵزʣҹһѾ·硣

˿̣ʯʵһ콾Ѿ֮£˳ͨţ棬ȻԿǾ޴ķʶ
ʮɸߣǾ޴ˮʯʶˮȻ˸ŽɫĹâƺܿһ˿˿â˸ʱնգƿһУ
ô죬Ҫβܹݻ٣ûа취·ϴȥ
ؼġ˽⣬ԷΪģԲһڶ乥Χ֮ڡֻҪͻᱻؼģ޷Ǿ̤öˮˮġֻҪƣȻԴݻٷ
콾˵
Ŀöɫˮϣеöˮˮܴݻٷû飬ҲǷû
ҵģҲ˵ķìһָġ
һ˪콾̤˳һŵ˵
ͬʱǰ̤ȥִӺ󱳳鴤һɫķììϣȫԿһ˿תȻ½
ƣ
콾һ鼡ֳըԵϢ漴͵ǱսзìֱĶǰöˮ
ſзһϺȡ
ʱ콾Ϳһ㻮ƳգһֱһУһеĿڷķ֮лһڻճֱѩ֪ڱì̺ĺж¡
꣡
Ĺٶȿ죬ķӦͬڸӦһɲǣֱӦڷöˮȻ䱬ŨĽɫ⣬ţͿһɫĵǱìնȥ
飡
һУìײһⱬ䣬ܿǱƺϻ޷ìȫϾһ콾ǿ߱ȫһ𵶱ǣŷĿɲֻһ𵶣ڵһ棬նڱìϡ
ʱìҲ޷֧֣ͱնϡ飬ûа취ˮͱء
ǿĹɵƻͼεǿѷɫҪڷ֮ڣһҪֵޱȣһ𶥼ͼǿߣǣĹԴԴϵģ಻
콾ĿãɫЩѿ
û뵽ԼĹˮ;ͱ顣
ͬʱԷ𹥻ֱӷˮ⵱У϶䣬ΪʤһжλɱʯйâһȻ˵ҵǰ棬һ֣״ݻ١
ʯʷһϺȣȻһɫı⣬ǰֱӳŶ̤˹ȥ
ÿһƺ𶯡
ֱ̤Χ֮ڡ
ˢ
ûκԥһΪһ𵶣㳯ʯʵͷնȥһٶȼ죬գۼѾǰֱնʯԴ֮ϡ

ȻһֿµĻˡ
ʯԴϣȻֱӱųһĽ⣬䣬ֱӱȻʯֱ֮ӵ£ң顣Ӳûа취ƿ·ǲ֮
ǿʥ壬Ǵʯͷʥɡ
ɱ
콾Ŀãһ𺳵ͬʱʿʱ񣬺ԥ׷׽žͳŷɱȥ
ã쿴ϡ
ʲôöݣЩģãеѱȥˡ
ո̤ΧʱʱͿϲ֪ʲôʱ򣬳ܼ̲ݣЩ̲ݳÿ˵ʮԵݣͬһѰѷ䣬и콾̤ȥЩֲѸٵĹ£ֱӱȥ˲иƬ
ǻ棬Ŀġ
ҪҲҪǴ𲻴Ӧ̤Ǿȥ
ħħݡ
£ȻԿһɫƤһɫҹ콾֣ųɱ콾һЦ
ͼ޾ħݣ
Щħݵ׽С콾иƬ˲
ħݵ飬һۿȥ˲鲼ڵ飬ܱ߳׻ΪһƬݵء
ħΣһѻЩӲȫ
ͼѻ죡
һѻ콾Ŀãſڷһ˻ƵĽһʱֳһͼͼУһĴ


900 ͨ
ɫĹ֪ʲôɢһɳȵϢֻѻ֪һѻеʥ˵ѻǴģǻѻѻʥأΪഫһͻȻһ٣Ҫճɻҽ
ûгױңͨȼųҵ𣬿̫Ļ棬øӳҡ
ѻǴ
⸱ͼ֣ѻͼҲѻͼ
ֻϣУվһֻֻɫĻѻЩѻڻг˯ڻϷԽԽǿֱпܾлѻĿֲ֮һУһСң޿赲
ѻ콾һϺȼ䡣
ϣǳҵĻȻʢͬһ𣬸žһ֮Χڵ¶Ȼߡ
ѻ죡
ѻ콾ٴηһϺȡ
ʱ֮Ӽңһ־궯ǵ죬̶ӣ˶ʧء
һʱŭ죬ǧܾһƬƹ⡣Ⱦ졣
ƣ󣬵ʮֺˡ
ţͿϣЩ˯Ļѻ׷ſϷһͷֻǰƴСĻѻһ̣ҵ֮ȫ֮䡣
Ǵ̶ĥ
ѻһʮֹ壬񣬲Ҫ壬һ̫ˡ
ܵ콾Ŀã𺳵ͬʱɫ׷ױЩѿоһܣܿƺҪܵԶһ㡣
գգۼĹ򣬳ɰǧֻȶŻƳĻѻϷ˳һ̣ܼѻͬܵ콾Ҳ̲ס䣬ͻ֮
ܣ㹽
һеĸܡ
Ͳѻ콾֡
ѻ콾Բᡣ
Ļѻٳ֣Щѻֺ󣬶ʱͳħɱȥϣ滯ΪһᣬܼĿ棬ħײһЩ̺𣬵ȻҲ𣬿ȴһһְԵĻ棬Ļ棬ļԡԵһС
ħڻ£ֱӱȼ±նϣճɻҽ
ǣЩħݱ汻գһ̣ٴη
Ұղ紵
˶٣ħݾٴγ٣ٳٶȣһɿ졣
ѻ񱩣Ĵһʱ䣬ܱ߳׻Ϊ𺣡
ɱ
ʯĿãһȡٴǰɱȥ

˵ʯʵȿʼչȴ˵վͨǰ
һ̤һ䣬ת̤ˮϣܵĸоӺɢǿƺҪֱӵס
ûС
ϣݳһҲһŨˮ֮ϣˮoµˮԾľͻڽ£ˮеѹȥ
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ˮôܻᱻˮȥ
ҿԿͨеˮͨУΪˮ񣡣
ͨеĺˮǿ񱩵ģǻҵģȴоԼڵˮ֮ԶԽµĺˮƿأףͨеĺˮ̫񱩣̫ҡУŤ֮ӿȣˮԵʿС
ˮһˮˮƿ֮һɣǾʹˮˮ֮ӱʹȴоԼҪɹͨӵĻѣѵһɹȥ
˻
ˮֱܹͨͨӺɣͨеˮ̫ңֻܱ֤ɹȥڻˣ
п˵
ͨǻˮˮû㹻ѹͨӵʵȻһ˵ȥڼƻԣȫС
һѰһһ˶ߣһЯŴͨϺɹȥ棬ʹͨϽһšֻҪɣȷᱻͨȥҵȻ׺ͨӣִ档
ٿ˵
һΪԲ죬⣬Ժͨӵľ롣
𿪿˵
¼䣬йâһѾһɫ֪ʲôƣбת˸˵Ҳһ챦⣬֮һ
ã²˳٣ھͿʼ
ԥ˵
٣ȻԽԽãԽɹȥռһȻ
Сġ
ǿ˵ϵĵ֮ɫԶ׼ȴûЩ飬ٹҲܿ

һץһˣſٳˮȥһ
еȻ˵ÿ߳һȻһΣϢĿʼ죬գۼ䣬ֻһ׵ֱӴﵽʮ׳ڲ졣
ԽԽһϸȴʼһ
ˮɢϣʼҡΣһƺҪȥУȴʼûκα仯һ㶼ûгˮС
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Ŀã³һ
һ˾ץУܸоͨдݳжǿסˣҪѳסûǿǲġ
ңϣȻųԽԽҪܵѹԽ󡣲һġ
һµˮ·еֱҪˮ£ֱǰɡٶһ㶼
֪УѾͨӵĺλá
ͻȻ䣬ڶ棬һӰ
һȻһߵСͨȻ޴󣬿ɶʿ콾ԣҪ뿴沢ѡǵĿ
ף콾Ȼںͨӣñ£Ȼ̤ͨˮˮǰУͨ˵á
ڰߣǰĺȻҹ콾ڿͨϵҲ¶֮ɫ֮ǰ²һ뵽ҰķҲѴͨϺɹȥӣ̫죬Ҫɣô򵥵ġˮԵʿ
Ŀں̤еӰܲȡ
Ȼ㣬콾˼Ȼ뵽ӻҰдУҪ͵͵ϮҷߵءҪûз֣˵ܵʡϧǸϡǵĴͱٳɹվֱͨС
СЦ˵
УӡǿǼΪ̣Ȼûֱӽ֣ȴ޼ƿʩµϷ򶼲أȫƻȤױϡ
˵ᣬɶ
ãҹ콾ǾȻҲͨǰѵҲǴͨӣܿ·ֱӶҷˮ𹥻
ڰߵʿĿãһɫ䡣һ˿¡


901 ɺ֮ս
ҪûǰԽҰ͵ϮԷߵصĻͲڻҰҲ֪ҹһȻͬӻҰдȥֱ͵ϮߵأݻԼˮ뵽ֺܶо̲סһ˿£հãѡԽҰ
ҪȻ»ֱӴڱ֮С
һ̣ĸоҹһǿвǿԡ
ãں롣ҹ콾ôܻ÷̤ϵ档¶һ˿š
Ҫţ϶¡¿˵
ˣ¶ĵ֮ɫȴ˿١ңٶĵǶûãλΪεġں룬ǣ˲ǡνѣ˵ˣ˻֮ǰľٶҲȫùؼǣûа취ͨӣǹˮĿľͻḹ̥С
ֱݣ˭˶
˭ȥпܻöԷԽͨӣҰɱˮ
ɣ˭Ը⿴ġ
ҹߣһҲȥ
ٻءҴӳ飡
ں
иȿ԰ҹ콾Ļ档Ȼ֪ڰǰֻѡһ־ֱ˻ȥҪ˻ȥѡֻҪԸ⣬ûܹһ־ֱɱ棬״ɣһĻͿԵõ콾ԴԴϵ֧֡
Ҫҹ콾ֱ̤϶棬Ѷȣɣǵġûһҹ콾п棬Ҫ̤ȥǼ͸ýŲûκ
ô˶޷סеĽŲҪȥͬ
һдǿкɵĻʣСҹ콾ԥȫֹǽ֮ɱԲĻѹ֪Ȼ޷ġ
һ㣬˭ܲ²õ
ǵһʱҪԭ·ءܲðգȻǲðյĺá⣬ʡ
еս˵Ƕ⣬Щǡ
գͨӣҪɹȥҵҪ˭ңɱ
йâһûֱ˻ȥĴ㡣
ֱ͵ϮߵأԽҰսķʱңոӾ޴
һ䣬ûκԥǰ̤ȥ
ÿһýµˮһȦȦƲɢ
ܺãҹ콾ǧǧʣһǧ⣬Ӧ赲ʯǹȻֻҪȫͨУˮߵؾ衣κηɱǣԶʤ֣ɱ
ſڶȻ˵
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УôĿƾЩʿҲ뽫콾ȫֱǳ˵ΣôĿҪͨӣǾʬӵסһ˾͸˶콾ΪֻһȺô
СЦ¶һ˿ŭ֮ɫ
ǸûнǷ۵ס
Ȼֱӵһ˳Ƿʲô˼ȫƲǣûнǷ۵ףȫһơ
ҹ콾һĸܵӣƣһУӿֳһԵķŭɷŭΪɱ⡣
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ǾԲһ콾Ƿơ
֮ǰһһ콾ɱȴţһԼԲ׵ʩչɱˮϣץʩչңҵҪαܿҵһ
һ޳ȴ˿ԵҹʿкȻóһսսҲǷܿ˸ɫ⻪µӡͼƣ翴ʵÿʱỵ̈涼ݳŨ»֮
һҹУ콾ΪҹеĶ壬ںҹУ°ĿһǿںҹУҹ£ʮǿơңʮó֮˵ƾõĴУÿһ콾ǿĶ֡ˡ
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еս
ʱܿ˸ûսսͬʱһ˸¹Ե֮ѾȻĳսϣ֧սȫ֮۵սȴʵʡ
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ֻ¹Ϲâһ۳֮ѾҶһǹ̻𡣿죬޷һ쵽ʲôزֻܿһǹ⻮񷣬ؼľǰڡ
ÿսºǹͬʩչͬͼҪ£ֱǣǳ֮һǹٶȡ̺ɱһеΰ·˲Խǿյľ롣
Ŀãаһ˿Ȼ
ʲôļžǿвµսƻɣǿ죬ֻ㹻ļܸһ
߾жԶ֮˵Ǽһ顣
֮һɲǣһڤڤеĸӦȻ֣һǿҵϢһ̫£ң֮˲ϢϢӵĺǣһᱻ׷ϹȥӲ㲻
Ǳɱ֮
飡
֮Ѹײڶ֮䣬Ѿǰ
ɱ
嶼ڷ⣬ԿѪڷհ㣬ޱȡͨ嶼ڷ⡣ڣڱãУѪΪ¯𣬶Уһڽɫӡڳϴӡϣнɫѹķ
ּ䣬ڶеĽɫӡֱӳС
Ϊѹļ
סӡӡϽⱩǣܻΪһƬɫĺһöͨӡԿӡѪĲϴ£ӡöǳ˸ɢĵϸӾˡ
ûκԥӡշ𣬳ö֮ѹȥ
ӡöǳͬʱ˸
·𳹵׻˹췢
ڱؼһж·𱻾ֹ޷ٶֺ
飡
ûκ⣬ӡֱӸ֮ײһ𣬵ǹⱬ䣬ܳ׸ǣͨϿջΪĺǵءܵĺˮȻը˻ĴĿģֱǿֲ
֮ӡۿɼٶȣ𣬲飬ΪСӡϣֻǽⰵѣû飬ڱսշ䵽С
ӡ֣̤ںϣܵնεѹһС
飡
¸Ǻͣ٣һǰ̤ÿһںϼ޴ɢص·оڴߡ


902 ն
ܣҵ̺֮֮¼⣬ôܵסһͼǿߣҲҪһɱôܱסңֱӻ顣
콾Ŀã֮ɫû뵽Լսһ콾ӲһֱͨӻָоǿҵĴܸС
ʵ޷š
ǿǿһɲǼ䣬ʵ̫ǿˡӵϰĿֲӡУ̺ѹյǹѹ֮ǵѹ
ðԵͨͨӦÿõңﵽһ̶ȣͿԴݿ࣬ء
Щҹ콾Ŀãһ¶֮ɫ
֮ǰɱͫ˵ĻԺУ֮ǰֻΪµֶǹ֮û뵽ʱƺһѷɫ١£Ե
ԡڽУһŰС
һʶ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǿûκʣΪλǿһʿҲܵʵƣ֮ǿѾѷɫһЩ塣
ͫ˸Գ
еĿԽӵء
Ҳø
ȻֱӺͨӣҪһǧҹ콾Ǹոһ֮ǿ²κ콾ѷɫ֪콾ҹǱж٣Ҫÿһˣǽжô¡ôֲ
죬ֻҪܽ׹̶Ǿֱ˳ɱ棬ֻܳƽҹһıƣ򣬻֪Ūʲôơ
ڰߣ콾Ŀãһ𺳵ͬʱҲ¶֮ɫ޲ֱɱ档ԷһɱԡѪս
ãʵȻǿô򵥡
Ŀã¶һ˿ʡ
ӡԡڽеӰһ٣ޱߡ
ҹ콾еսܷҶɺӡ
ſڷһϺȡ䣬лصݰ˷ע쳹˷ͨӵˮҲѹ£ս֮չ¶šҪսǾ͹ûʲôڵġеͳսô򵥡Ҫͨӡ˭ֻҪ͸ɱ
ţòһȻſ񣬽Ҫɱҹ涼Ҫһɶս㡣
ſĻﳹ׼ŭվͨӱߵҹ콾
һȻҶǷƣҪƣǻûκηӦĻҹҲͳ׵Ķ⣬׶һɶҲҪսҹһϲʧҪѪȥ
¼䣬ʱֻһĴ󺺺˳
ϣֻ۾ңڳֺϵ˲䲦̻¶ţϣǲ۾ÿһֻ˸ŹĹâܼ־֢ˣֻѾͻһۿȥֻгǧֻ۾
ǧаħһ塣ϵ۾ɲǰ裬пµĹңиֲͬͫңֻһ֡֡ÿһǧаħеͫǲͬģв졣ûгǰ˭޷˽ǾЩͫľž޴Ĺϵ
ǰǧаħȻеǿߣٮٮߡ
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ҲһɲǼ䣬оǰľɫƺ췭ظı仯·ޱߵ֮Уǿµɱϣ˺ҧϵѪ⣬ĿģУֲ٣ңʱģʵʵġÿ˺£ݳʵʹࡣһɹҪϮȥϢʮֹ졣
Ҳҳ֡
ÿֵİӣ¾Ķһܽӷ񡣡
εǿÿ춼Ժɱĥս˵ڴÿɱһޣľʶУʶǿʶеľ׳꣬顣
ʶϣϢһɱ䣬ʶУǽɫ⣬ѾҺһƬĽɫ
ʶУɫڣȻԿһڽɫķɵʶش󣬲ζڷɵʮ鶯ɢһصķâڷɵкšƺʱȥ
ɱ
һɱУȻԿжͷϣһһöɫķɵѾǰɵϣ˸ںУƺܿе˸ź⡣ڷɵϣȻüۡǻġ
ˢ
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µǣⲻֻնϣͬڵһնϡɷɵնԪնꡣ
ʶϡն񵶣
ȻʶһͨǾͨһ;ֱӹ꣬նɱһնֻҪ޷Խ̫࣬ͻᱻֱնɱնꡣ
ңͨžĲɱԽԽǿԽԽˡһնȥǴͨ߶ᱻһնɱһΪͨ
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ͨĳ̶ֳϣϢֿ硣ȷʵԷ
һ̣ȴ콾Ͼ䡣һնףǧױ١


903 Ҫ
ÿµķɵÿֲƻǧаħһǾǿϵ۾ÿһֻǾжͨħۡó꣬ԶҪǿ󣬾һնɱ⵽ʲôͨ
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ܿ£Ǿһͨɱѱһֱ֣Ӷ귢𹥻ʮֲбʮ׺˵ǽʵ֮䣬ٶȸǿ쵽ˣոλӦͱնɱ
ҹ콾ݡ
ǿڷɵе
ǧаħһľǿ󶼿סһ֪ǵɵжǿ콾пܻᱻһնɱ
ͨû뵽лĵơ֪ܷ񲻶ʩչǿʩչͨδزֱɱ档
۾һѡ񵥶ɱʱǲõģһǧ˵˵ԣҪ㹻ǿʵǾֻһջѡ
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ϣоֱһеĴⶼһߵƷʡԺһͷ
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˶콾Ȼᱻһָűӽȫһֳ衣̡̣̣
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һ֣ʱͿһڵħ֣ϯȥǵصĿ֣Щ磬Ż֮֮ƺܴһУһСԴĿġ
壬᪴塣ǰ᪴ߡֻǣոյʱֻͨĴߣΪӣʵϱǿ£ÿͻһ磬ϳһͷ­һ᪴ߴﵽ£ԳſԴഫһı֮ʮǿնһͷ­ֻҪͷ­Ͳնͷ­ٴγָ
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Ŀãǵϯ籩µĲȴһûͣٴǰ̤зһϺȣţͿһٴγ֣Уǿն񵶸֣նüۣ۾ֱڰ콾ϡ
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Ȼ󣬾Ϳ콾Ѫһһͷ­ôշѪ졣
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ʬ˲䵹ͨУͨûȥʧ
ͬʱԿ籩ϯг׸ڣȻӡѹգеüΪţϵҲս׵⣬ǿĥ
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콾Ȼնһڷɵжǿ᪵ʵҪе콾ѷɫһնɱֲ
ô죬ǿڷɵ̫Ե˭ȥпܻʩչ϶ûд۵ģһƣƵʩչ֣ɱͨϣǵͻᱻڽ£ԺûˣصҹҲ϶ᱻͬЦֲ䣬ֻҪܽɱٴĴҲֵõġ
һҹ콾񶯡
еĿҲǰȻϣǸоһ˿һֿ־壬ǰ־壬вҪϵ顣
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ȻǱսìڰбӡٴ赲ײ󣬽ضա
նٴηɳ㽫ͷ­նϣи
Ϊһ߱ʬֱͨڡ
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ҹ콾׷׳֣ȻԿ콾ͨɢŨѪ⣬ּ䣬һѪϯɢŨѪϢɷֱ
콾ʰ쵵ĻҪУл
콾ſ߲ʰ쵵֮µĸʴǲͨһֿµľ綾־綾ĶԣԵüΪԵײСʮֿ¡

һҹ콾ɱ
ϧǵĳ֣иĻӦһն񵶣ڽɫ£һſͷ­նϣն񵶵̫Ե־޷е콾ն£ֻбնɱĽ֮⣬κοܡ
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ȥն񵶣ûη岻ǰ
˾սѡ
ĿնһδαϵС콾ɫúѿ
¾ҹ콾ңһɱɱָоǵ־һǿĳ߶սУսûɱҲζţͬԶǴ󲿷ɱ
ָоܲá
һ֣ͨӡýʲôƽﵽĿģҪġ
һҹ콾ں


904 
⻰˼ѾԣǴҪͬʱֶзΧ
֮ǰҹ콾ҹĸ߰ţûдͬʱΧĻɣڱʾ֮ûκһܹ콾һѹȥɣǶҹĳ裬衣
򲻵ѣǾԲҪô
Ϊҹ㣬һѹе콾òⶪҹ
ҪкͨӣɱĻֳ͸󣬺ء
һ콾ǧҹ콾£ɺͨӣ̤ڶ԰ֻ棬ֻҪһ룬еҹ콾оڲ
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вϿܶҹ콾Ѿоһεѹϯ
ҹ棬ǺʣѡǺߡ
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ڰߣһֱŵ̻ʵ
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һ䣬նٴγ֣Ϊһ⣬ɫֱײһͨҪ潻档

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ײһֿµĻˡֻǿ񽣾Ȼײй飬ֱӷֽ⣬ֽٶȿ쵽޷˲ɡ
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ԷӲҪ˵˶ͬʱ£ɵƻεȿ¡ȫ£κһ˿ķ϶

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С۾һ۾Ϳն񵶵ı仯ʱ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵
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ҹ콾¶Цķ𹥻
Ȼ両ֳһǻܿһƬڵԨԨУܿħͷһĺУʮֲֿԨڣһۿȥͷ·޵׶һУһҪصĿħ֡
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ħףɢǿҵĲ֮
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콾䣬һ˿ɱ⡣
¼䣬ͿĻУǿڵħѾշ𣬳ͨϣħȻ򿪣ڴ򿪵һɲǣħдݳ޾ܵĺˮеĹâħɽȥֱûУ·ҪһУ漫ȹ죬ͨˮƺ޷ֵħ׵ɡ
޾ĺڹħţڣ
һ̣ҲǱܵĸо·ҪħɽȥǹʮǿƺҪװἳȡ
ǲֻΪɱᣬһħף᲻ҡ
ͨ嶼ڷ⡣


905 ԸҲҪϹ
дݳΪǿ󣬵ȴ޷гɽȥսϻ֮һצĻϣȷʵԵƺoȥ׸Ǵ򿪣ħ׶һ޴ĺڶ˲ͽָڡ
Уô̽Уȥ׸ǵһʱϡǻ棬Ϊֲ
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ʱԼԿһڻצ趯˵ƻ׶顣
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ӡգ̫ͬѹ졣Ӧͱӡϣڿ񱩵µըһѪķѡҶûС
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ǵΣƿ֮٣Բ׽Ĺ켣ʮ·д˲Ϣ䣬߶ȻȻ졣ڵһʱ䣬һҹ콾ͬ꣬һڤڤеϵȻȻĳһ콾ǰžڡ
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һԼУǺεȿµ飬콾ŵð亹죬ͿڷȣͬʱƴĵֵҪӴбƳȥֻһͨҪһնϡϧһն˿ϣԼϾʹһ޷Ƶľʹ
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СеĵͣǸͿֱ꣬ҪûмǴĻӦУһΪӵеĶشһʼ¼䣬ΪԵĶ󡣡
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һҽУ콾еĿ˲ô㶣


кͣ٣䣬ϵ˦˳ȥȫǵϵЩҹ콾ˮе㣬˦ȥҪܶԷԸԸϹ
񴹵ԸҲҪϹ
͵İԵ֮
ôҵͨӣΪ걮Ϊʲôܹҵⲻܣͨ˺ңΪʲôеôǿҸоǵƺһڽд
һھͨѹ꣬ԲӰ죬һѶ˺ֱͻƷУ걮ѹǿڣָоֱҪ衣
ڵ̺ƺǲɿܵġ
ж˺ΪȻܵٵǸ֮ҹ콾ȷʵǿͨѹһʼûа취ͺʱ㣬𣬲òֱ֮ӽ곶
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ʩչͨҽɱֻҪˣٿ£һҪһѷ
Сɫ䣬˱ܣƺҲ±иϣһȥǾͳױˡɲҪġ
ײУ̫ײˡ
ÿ˦ں棬Ĳһֱ꣬ӱϣɱͬʱĿд


906 
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ÿһ˦걻ոҹ콾ô׵ǰνǴĿģԿվڰߵҹ콾ϵĵ£ͺǸһһȥͱոˡ
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һĻûܹ𾪵
Ѿ׳ǵȫ벻յľݱ䵽ֵز
ȻѾ콾콾ֶβңһǾףѹ֣ѹԽ¼һ˳˵ؼ䣬Եǿ£ǵ˼ǵֶΣƣһŽһţνǲԹ
֪вˣǿԼ룬ǿ£ȻԸɳһҵһ춯صΰҵ
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Կһͼ֣ͨٳϮɱȻ£Щҹ콾Ѿںʲô⡣һ˼Ҫг׻ɱ
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ս۲ͨͨⱾ͸ͼΪһ塣ʵҲͼͼͨһ֡
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ͬʱ֣һµĹ켣໥ϣȻֱӻΪһ貵ɫ⻷⻷У໥׷ؼ֮ȻȻӦֱӳֳѭǿķ

һͼͨϣ׷ױ⣬УʱһֻצĻЩͨϣֱͨӱ飬
ͼͨ㼯ڻսϣԿҲ޷ס䣬Ϳʼ飬ʱȻɢмֱڿµͨ·飬ԿЩĻգۼٴԻеٻָκεˡ
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ҲҶЩҹ콾ǿ֮һ
ۼЩ콾ͨ޷веĵٴοʼ衣


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Ĵʵ̫̼ˣɺӶŪһۡʵС඼Щܲˣͨͨԣ£߸һѹѹƽһ顣
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ԲһĿֲ
ǰǼįѩΪįŸҪѰ֪ȻҵĸѾǷ켫ܣҲ֪Ҫ֣ʵ̫įˡȣչ¶Ѿ޷ơңõһʺڵ顣һô᱾ʵ顣
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ܲˡҺȥɡ
ҹ콾ܲˣֱӷ裬ͨС
̻ʳȽϣǾȻԸѡȥңǺԥͶԾˡ
콾ߣҲһƬңֻǷ׷취סЧǸĴ͸̫ǿˣƺ꣬ҪǱ˴տҲҪͶԾˡ

⵱УͻȻ䣬ȻһΪ̾ƺֵʮ͡ԺͬԳܡȥ


908 ֪
̾ʣһƬУĥеһ࣬һ
̻ʵĸ־ᶨһ̲סܵڲȷʵûа취ҳǴ̶ħ¡Ȼ˻
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һ̣ܶ콾ʶ̻ʵĿ¸תͷ˹ȥλÿȥ
һо͸Ӿˡ
ǲǱˣȻǰࡣ
˿̣ྐྵȻϺκĥı飬еֻһµֱ飬ǲװĳģһʵ֡ûκٿԡ
࣬Ǿ̻ʵĸң˿ûܵĥӰ졣
ָоʮء
֪֪
ʵ֪ڳˣܹױʵĸǶô֪֪ѽ̻ǳڸ質Уһ̾ʱмǱޱߵĿϲǡ
תͷһۣһ۾Ϳվһߣûʹ࣬¶֮ɫе峺ʼûгκθı䡣
֪
ʱ̻ʵĸøӵĸ߿̻ʵȫȥˣȫУѵ֪ҪԼ״̬չֳԲ֪ʧҪ֪һʢ硣




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ĸܺá̺УзĲĸ裬ѾЦ˵ĿⲢûΪ̻һֻʲôͬҲûпı顣һͬڽ̸
֪һкܶ裬ܶΪֵĵ֮Ϊ֪ҾҪҹеĸȫ
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˷ˣˡѾȲҪٴչ¶ҹһҪ֪⣬֪ˡֳܱ̻ʵƷ¸С
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Ҷ֪ˣ̻ʵĸ裬ͣǿûа취ֻ͡һѾǲҪȫʬҹǾûл·ˡ
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³Ҳ˵
ͷϵĹͷǲϸܵĺ顣
ֲֲ̫ˣȫĸ衣


909 
̧ʶĿһ۰ࡣ
аⰢɲͨˣֻͬѰ˲̻ʸֻһȺˣûָȥ̻ʵ֪治һ˵ġ
ڰ࣬³ֻ塣
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ܱ콾Ҳ亹죬¶֣඼Դ̻ʵĸ裬ǸоԼһ
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Ҫ֮ǰҶ֪˵ѣǰУöס䣬ȻȫΣȴδ룬ҪȻһЩҹ콾һܲʹĶˡ̻޲Ľ¾
Щģ֮ǰҶ֪ǵѺˣʲôûУһʼħ֮УУѾûа취оٽСǲҲ̶á
ѾһյʧﵽС
ҹ̫࣬Ҳܲסһ׵Ĺ̡
λѾɣھͶɺӣһսһ˵ǰ档ɱǳ鴤һ£漴ͺ˵
һѾ̤ǰÿһͬسɴ硣գۼʹһεľ롣
ͨȷʵмΪǿϯǣ̤ϣԣȻûκвɵľϴС
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콾һ·ҵͷŵĿ꣬׷Ӧ̤Ŷ洩ȥ
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ĿãһĨᶨ֮ɫûгɣйâһǹ³֡ͬʱóһ׹սֱӶ׼мϣȻ˸ɫĹâкת
ٲȻһ

䣡
һɫ˲仮գԲ˼ٶȴڷķ֮ڡ
ʱ˸ɫ⣬һ糱ˮ㸡֣ٳűսɱȥ
ƣ
ȻսУһ߿Х˺գһֻɫȻſǵأֱ֮Ӿͽһ顣
ЩеԻɱͼǿߣȸǰ׷
׾ٵķ顣
Ȼ󣬾Ϳȸһצöˮϣˮ飬ķѡ
ֲĺ֮ΪС
ͨ忪ʼ飬ΪһϸСƬ
·󿪡
ãû뵽ȻɱǰȻ˼廹治һС塣һԪǸ壬˵塣
ħűݻٵķԼһʱվڸߵǰ콾ϲû¶֮ɫһ˾̾ĵȻ
һħߣѵͲе⡣
ȤĿħߣѯʵ
ûʲôġӮѣοΪƷˮǰѾʤôҪݻˮδô׵¡һߡǡ׼𡣡
ħ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݡ


910 ݻˮ
ãҿˣ˳ߵء
ĿãЦԼһ˿ıóѵı顣ǷѾԾƵİѿȫ֮еĸо
ָоʮǿҡһǿҵΣϢ
иħȻҶˮ֮£ǾųΪһؿʵǱҹ콾Ͽɡ
飬ʣһѾ׼õı
ҪߣѾˡ
ħĿã˵񡭡籩
һһ䣬³һ
漴ͿһڵħħüֱӱԲ˼ٶȿʼ񱩣״Ժбȥ
⣡
޾Ĺ⣬ָĹ⡣
һ̣콾ĿָĹħԺбǹⲻͨĹ⣬ľ֮⡣ɢĹâ
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е˱ܵٶȺܿ죬ɿ첻Щ֮ٶȡ
գۼ䣬ϯÿһڡ
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ԿһöɫˮüλãˮУųһǿҵĻâ֮ײںһʱʱܱߵľ֮ӿ񱩣ӳң˲Ϣ䣬ߵأ콾ȫڡ
ˮ߶սУĴޡõıˮħУʣ޻Ѿҹ콾ɱﶼ͵ħС
ˮûбĹЧֻһǾǿԽĳͨ˲ٱңֻʩչһΣһϾͨٱ󣬶ֱѹͼͨӿ£ħľ籩֮ǰһͼʿȫ޷ֵ׾ͻᱻ顣
籩ٱǺεȵĿ¡
⣬޾Ĺ⡣
ǵصϯ
˲Ϣ䣬͸ء

Щֱ֮ӳԴ˽ȥ콾ҽУԴʹధţԴͬһȻըķѣһѪĵǴĿġ궼籩顣
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겻ǿ󣬾ǿ⾫籩У·걻˺飬񱻷顣
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һſԴ͸ըһըڻˮľ籩£ƻʵ̫£̫񱩣ǻԵģѼġûκ赲
ٳ콾ȫеٮٮߡԽ׶սҲڻ¡ڴ˿̣ȴ׷ױͷ񱩵ľ籩׺꣬
־񹥻ֱӳ־꾫񣬶鷢񱩵ƻݲУܿ콾ƬƬĵ¡
Ƕֲľ籩н䡣
ٱľ籩ʵ̫ˡ
һ̣Ҳ¶Եĵ̡
ֻ޾ľ籩УڣǿڰȻų޾⣬ѹסڵ־籩ײһ𣬲ϷһҵĺϡȻѣȴûбһɢʼػ־
ҲǾˣһ컭ųķâǿţ뾫籩һֻǣܿѾױ̬ľ籩УڽڰˣѾֳ֧ļ󣬿ֻǳ飬֧Ų˶á
Ԫԣڵⱬǹⲻϸ籩⡣
ͬһ㣬ǵصľ籩ͺǽӿһ㡣ڽڽڰˡ
ڣֳһյƣųƹ⣬꣬ܿĵƻҡҷƺʱϨּޱȣʼûϨɢĵƹ⣬ȫ
ûл콾УҲûа취ֵ籩ֱ꣬־еĿֲ޷з
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ֻڸߵϣһ߾ʬڵ棬Դ׷ըܱһƬǽ壬ɻվŵģָ
Ԫԣ̻࣬ʵȵȣһ̣ԵüΪǱǷϣѾһֽ޵״̬С
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кѹ꣬Ҳⳡ籩ش䵱пܵġ
û뵽ڻˮ£֧춨һҹҪʧܡһΣǿûôõ
ħ߿վǰеˡһĨź
Ϊξ籩Խ콾ȫߵϣ籩ϻˮΪ콾׼һɱﵡǿơŤתǬͷźѾȫľ˵;ƿҲΪ
ۣ
һս˲ƿնħԴ϶ȥǿŴԴױըһѪ

һŭķһϺȡ
ƣ
壬סͭսìˮ֮£ۼ䣬һìˮϡìбì⣬˺һС
ˮͬһ⣬ֱĺϣͬͼǿߵȫһҪѷɫֺϬ
ʱϹâһȻֳһĺڶһжȻɽȥǵûжκˣսìˮϣսìб˲䣬öˮѾ飬ΪһϸСƬķѡ
췽ߵˮݻ٣췽ˮݻ١
ϷʤΪ
¹黹ˣȡ췽ˣ˽Ϊˮձ֣зŸÿһλӢۡ
룬Ӣ۽뿪Ͽȡ׼
ںɫˮݻٵһɲǣʱдһĺ
ֱ쳹Ͽȡÿһ콾ĶУҹҲ㡣
һϳֳı鶼ýȻͬ
ҹһȫһֲŵı顣
ܣôܻ䣬ӦŶԣǵǰȥ͵͵Ϯˮߵҷߵˮôܻᱻݻ١Ѿ¸ֺ֡
ǵģѵ͵ϮԷߵأڸߵԷȫ䡣ʲôֶΡ
ȻˣЩģǲİǵˣȫˡء
һҹ콾¶ɫı顣


911 ˮ
ţġ
ⱾУӦһǵʢŶԣҹ߶ս岻ϤңʵҲδػᳬǣ˳£ȫԴһƯѹսȡˣǿˣһáֱ
ôڹؼʱֹ̣ı仯
ʵ̫޷ˡ
ֽҪġ
ȻӮˣ˭˭ݻ˶ԷߵˮڲŲǸոմݻٵһСĴۣ·ҲܱǸŶԡô
ʯ¶һ˿㶣漴ͱЩء
ȫԤ֮⡣
Ȼݻٵзˮһ£ӮˣȻ黹ңܶȡҹ콾ˣôǴ׬׬ĺ¡ǣҪģԼݻٶԷˮ£½д̡
ӮˣǾȻӮˡ⵽ô£ڷ¹ʲôʱݻˮˣ̫ˣʲôġšսҲ̫ˡ
ܣǱ·ÿһ·ʵӦõ˭ֳܷǰȥˮңҪԽԲô׵ģǽҰӻҰдԽȥмһͨӣ˭ֱӿԽͨӡ
ԣˣ壬ˣ콾ں棬ʼûиһѵǴҰ
콾ͬ¶һֲŵɫ
Ҳ֮ǰʱûйᣬڿʵֳģ콾⣬ѾҲˡûܡ
ΨһĿܡ
壡
һ̣Щ콾壬˵ĸд
ʱܶݡֻǼѾ
ܶ콾ֻüתͷʱϿУһص֣ɿܵĽ콾ȫϿųȥ
ˣ߶սȻʧֻһͷѡڱ岢ûжˣֻ΢ЩѡȻ档
û̫ˡ߶ս廹ȻħսУǵһһҪ취һһ̣ʿ֮䶼ǼΪʺϡһս󣬱ؽءΪһзʽ
ɽϣһ콾׷תת󣬵һʱ̽ڷԼû˺󣬶߶սʱǿҵȤ
ʲôˮҹ콾۳ˮôܸоˮ̺ŴˣֻҪԸ⣬ܿͿںϣ˺Ϊһ塣ʮ档
콾йâһóһöɫˮöɫˮʣȴܸо̺ˡ
ҲС
콾óˮսģÿһУ˭û¡
õˮȴͬЩõǻɫˮЩõǰɫˮеõɫˮ
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ɫˮȻǻɫˡˮȻǱȲϰɫˮֵ߶սոڴսгĶ٣Σոķ䡣治дԵĹƽ˭ѣӷˮĿ
ңÿ˵õˮҲͬ
Ǻǣҵõǳɫˮ֮ǰɱҹ콾߶սҲȥǹ
Ҷ֪ЦǺǵĿеĳɫˮǳɫˡˣȻ൱ѵáƽʱҪۣǻ֪ķѶʱ䣬ȴֱӶᣬǽʡʱ䣬˴ѰǶǺ˵ͷ޲
ĻԵ
콾Ҳ׷¶ϲ֮ɫ
һԽҰɱҹ콾ÿһսȻõˮƷʸߣ࣬ÿһ콾Ǵգȫ֮֮·һƬƽ̹
ǹ˾޴ջ񣬸ӲҪ˵еһȺ嶥ǿߡջȻһ¶Цݾܿĳû¶
Ʋ¶׵ĵû˭᲻֪οܱ߻콾Ҳҹ̽ʱ¶ƸǾĴ̼ˣҹ콾ЩˮǴֱӶȥģھԲҹ콾㽫Щˮȥ
ֻҪȥգһԿٻָˡ
ڵʱ̡
ȻһսյĻʤһǹЩ콾£ɸҹ콾սɱȡʤõˮӦõġϲǣǶӢۡ
Уƽ̨ϣĿãɫʱü߿
ȻΪǺȲʡ
һսɣǶɱһҹ콾ȡˣ콾˶棬˶ΪЩӢףءڴ˧Ҳ
ҪѣսϣֻҪ۾Ϲܴ˫ıϿյĽȫǰϡҹ콾һƬڣڵĸƵģҪǻǾ۹⡣
ӮˣʤЩҹаħſǰǷ裬ڶһڵ˵
ã̫ˣΪⱻôξ֪ʲô콾ԲҹѷɫǸǿǴ
ħսϣʿһ̣壬ͬʱ
һսغԵغ½ջʤʿǣһжҹη·𳹵ʧһٲҹǲƥеĿ´ڣǷͬλã㲻ҹһӾȥ
˼붼һ־޴ĽԽ
λ֪ڶռݰ֮λô磬ǷʸμӣǷʸõϯλ
жϣ飬̧ۿ콾˵
㲻ҹ岻콾
е£콾һȴûа취ڷΪδսĻʤȫĹͣ˵д빦͹塣򣬱ҹ͵Ϯ£ܵ˵һ
һսϣ콾޿ɷҪ顣
ⲻܲܵõˮ⣬˻ᱻ⡣һϣ˭ûа취ټ˵壬塣
Ŀ֮£ҪˣǾ㡣
ǰȻǱʵҡ֪ͨȥϯλ콾ж٣Ӷϯλ
ʯһһǰ콾˶콾ͬʱ֣Ҳ޷ӡջǿ³һ
ϯλ͵ҪӲժĵ̣һμĿ顣
ˣˮȫҪȻɽ֮ϣ콾ȫҪ
棬ϣһҹ콾ˡ


912 Ὺʼ Ե
Ǳˣˮ䵽Щ콾УǾȻ˼磬㿪ʼʢ硣ȫǵ˿Σ˿ûнǷ۵סڴӣǵ˺
Щˣ¶
һҹ콾Ժʶֳͷ
뷨˵ʮǿҡ
û˭û˵ӣǼһĥûˣǾǶˣȿˮп죬ӲҪ˵ģʱѽ١ǼΪµ顣
ˣֱӵѡ
Ҫˣб¾ֱãϿУûɱǣξɱкβɡķһϺȡ
ƺ͸¶һ˿ڴƺڴǳ֡
Ļսһ𣬾ͿֱոǵɾͲϿУȥֻһͷѣȥ䣬ûа㸴Ŀܡ
⻰
ܶҹ콾жʱһԺʶĻ֮ǰʱĻ棬ǿµն񵶣ֲͣȮ
һʶһɺ
ǿ̻ʱĿзŭк⣬һ˿˭˵Ŀ־塣
˵Ǳ콾ܵģ˵ǰȮС
һ룬Ƕоڳ鴤ڶͷֿʼʹ
ˣԸķ䣬Ҫһ𡣡
ħֹ
Ŀеɨӹȥ˵ȻԤ֮⣬ȻܹӮñȻҲǵı£ʵǲݷϣˮˣңħսҲҪرգʱ̣һ仰
˵ţ̧ۿգħս仰ȻֻǶ콾˵ͬڶħս˵
һ̣һƬž˭ûп˵
ƺĬĬȴ
㣬ҹս棡
ħЦЦ˵
£һ֣ת뿪ҹ콾ȥ
սѾˣɣõҲֻ裬һΡûȥıҪ
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ƺһսѾĻ
ħĻɽϵ콾ʱһֳĸоƺһƬ
λսѹ磬ȻӦóáƷרΪ׼õ
ʯһ˵
籾Ҫģѹ뷨ڣһδ뷨ѾΪΨһģǾ콫ϣģԲٶ롣
ʯʵĻ£ʱһ˳
һݷʮ˵ϯϣһ˱Ƕ롣
ʯǰϯ棬棬е콾׼ģҲͬĶϯ棬֮ǰ˵Ҫ׼ȫͬʵһ̵ʯѾû˼ˣЩĻ콾ʵʸһϯ档
ǰڷһݶϯ棬ϵȵϯ棬ǸǵġһҪʲô˭Ҳ治ˡ
ң棬ӣ棬㽶ɣƻѡ
׷׶
λƷ
ʯʿ˵
䣬Ҳûп
׷׿ʼƷ
ǽһöУߣʼƷ
һԣʱһд⣬ӿǻдݳ
һöңȻǱѰһġ۶֭ңζζȫ򿪣ë׶ڷõÿһϸڻá
жڳԵĶȨ֤
ʳϸζĶŷͬһĸд
ڳҵ˲䣬ڵʳϸʱͿʼԾܵԪ糱ˮӿڣνڵģԪϢУнԪ뵽ѪУһ̣ȻȻĿʼǡ
Ѫɱ䣬ѪҺɱ䣬ܶȸӾˡ
һٽ
ٽ
ٽ

գۼǧʼӡ
ͬʱʳϿʼתͺѿζʳһٽɽȥת̺Ͼ
Ϊؾ⣬Ҿȥ
ʱʼǡ
ʳϸͺɳĮпڿһļȡЩʳ޼޵Ŀʼɱ䡣ɹɽԪ֪£֪ףĶá
ıǿѪڷıǣֱڵı֮ڡ׶֮ڣѪ糱ޱȣÿһƶƺо˵ѹһС
Ѫ֮
һöҳȥٱǡ
Ƭ̼䡣ͿӴѪײŶڣð׶ٷһĶ

գۼ䣬Ķ𣬻һѪдУűǵ֮һδδĥǿĺ
׶ʮ
ʵʵڵ֮
ңⲢǼޡ
̺ʮ־޴ɱҪԴΪӴҲڿ
ͬʱкͣ١
һö棬Сֻһҧ
㣬࣬۶֭ޱȣȴһ壬ˬɿڵоȣһȫͬĸд
Щѿ
ǽһöѾõѵݵߣ˵
ֻҪģҶúóԡ
Ц˵ſڽѳ¡
ѣҲζУνǡôȥһ¶ǣë׶򿪡
һɹԪԸٶڡ
֮ɱš
ʱ޿̲ڱǡ
ɣҲҲһɣݵߡֵͬܡ
Щ̺ҩ̫ǿˣɲֻζףȥȳʲôҩҪܿеʼŹ⣬ɢһʵϼ⡣
ɽϣ콾ڳЩ󣬷׷׿ʼ⣬ޱȣһ˿˿֪ɱ䣬Ϊʵڱǡ
ǿģзڱǵġ
ͬ
ϼ⣬̺ҩЩҩ嶼޷գֻܴëɢȥװ˷ˡ
콾ϵϼðڣߵϼ⣬ʵԼģǴΧģ콾޷յҩϵı̽ڣѪС
Ѫ⣬Ǹɿݵĺ࣬ϵļȡһ

ʱڵĶٴ
ȴǽߵں
ʮ׶
û˵һ̣ܵڸԵ󣬷׷ƴתʼ룬̺ܵҩ


913 ųžͻ
ЩɽϻңЩǲҪƣȥܷӳ󲿷ҩЧ䱦ȻƳɵҩҩЧǿڸоûôζҲȫƳɵҩ
ȥҪ벻˷ѣȻתܵա
ն٣ǾͿĹ뷨ٶйء
ǿģ죬ңЧʸߡɢݳȥͻϡ١ǿٶȲ飬ԴԴϵҩͻữΪһʰ쵵ϼɢݳȥ
ȻȲεʿȥȻڷ⣬ȴûϼɢݳȥΪЩҩȫڣֱӷëףѹڣˣȴֱӴڣһ㶼˷ѡ
Щϼ⣬ҪûֹĻҪ˶ãͻɢֱɢؼ䣬ΪԪ˿̣ɢݳϼȴʳϸķ£ԴԴϵĳϯȥγһϼСԴԴϵڡ
ԼĻۣҩ
Щϼ̺ԪҪӴ󣬴󲹣Ǵ󲹡
ʳϸζǳԵʱԽӵ˷ܣּ޿ɶƵġѪвɱ䣬Լ䣬ԿѪУƺһĵƣ֣Ѫ֮ϡ
ЩƵĳ֣Ѫ̺Ըǿ
ѪеͶ䶼ܱǿƻ
һǧ
ǧ

ÿ䣬ǧָоκ鶼һһһθǿĹ̡һĽ
Ŀһִϲá
жᴫݳϲá
Խǿ͸Ӿˡ

֪УٴһΣȴǽ˵ⶦݳǺ¯𣬽ĸǿ
׶֮ﵽʮ
ⶦֻпõǸоġңɱʱѪȫڱɽȥ棬޷ѪϿΪҲڳЩ֮еΪᷢ˲˼ɱ䡣
ͺñԪԵˣͬ壬ҲҪ幦ĥܻΪϡȴûа취ֻǳȥܺܿ컯Ϊ֮ʳϸ£Ԫɱĸǿ
ߺһЧԶʿ
ʳϴǳųţڲϱǿ
£ǣҲԣЩҩºͣ𺦣ǿ̣꣬ȥԪﵽ棬ֻ洦
һ߳ԣһ߶ߵŮ˵
ͬʱҲЩָŮһƷ
˿̣磬ħսϣʿսʿĿãҲ̲ס͵͵ſˮ¶ǿҵĽ֮ɫѾϼֵɽ޲ԼҲУΪеһӡ
Ȼ鴫һβСĻԵȥɢҩȻγϼ⣬ǺεȵľˣȥԿԽʡʱ䡣
ʯͳȥĻԵɲ٣Щһ֣½϶Ҫͷ­ȥᣬѪͻҪ˶ɲô׵¡Ҫʯʣκ壬δõĳóҲҪӸ⵰
ҪƷһ£ĿˮҪˡ
ħսϣʿſˮ
ĽԱ
ĽҲûа취ֻ͵͵óʳſڳƺڻԼԵľЩ
ʱȻȥ
֪УųţٴδһĶ
׶ﵽʮ
ֹ̾˵ȻȻͻơ
ڴﵽ׶ͬʱԿǿڰ׶ڣһɹѪڷ֯صĵϣѪΪ¯ͬʱһɹɶӴӿڡ
裡
ڶУƺһ޴ţ
ܿһ޴ĸţħأħ㡣ǹɺ֮ƺѹءա
ǡţħ塷ɣ۳ţħս塣
Ȼĸֳһͷ
ţħ塷ڡ󹦡ĵڶ幦ʿһ㶼һŹȥգһ򷨡սһУ˵ǿޱȣͨҲ幦ķΧ֮ڡ
ߵȴѰ·ʳϸںϣųͻȻȻıǿɱ䡣
ٵõתܸ٣ڱչУѾ幦תСڰ׶ͨԡţħ塷ΪΪϣΪݱ䡣ھתת£ݱ䲻ٶȸ죬ңп˶øǿ
һ㣬ڣѪѾɱһֽɫͿԿ֮ǰѪȣ༫ÿһƶǰǿʮͨȻӾˡ
УɫѪڣĵڽѪΪһ壬ǲɷָġ
ţħ壬ţħսͼţħսͼɵţħ壬ޱȣǿƥһɾͣţħ㣬ݺķ̤棬ҡţħԣڶеĵϣÿһޱȣذء
Ϊţħ壬̤ڵʱԴԴϵĵõ֮־ԴԴϣ಻һԴ֮幦˿̣ѪеĵϣؼΪ׽
׶Ѿﵽת۷壬ټȥֻͨҪͨɹһεоͿԸһ䣬̶ͻƵµľ硣
аһ˿ϲڴ
ͨǰԵѪڡһͿԷӳǿս
ͨһɶͣ뾭һʱԴԴϵصϣȡţħеľ໥ںϣݱ
ӡŲãÿÿӳǿĹЧսǿȻԽҪĵڶͨеڴ
֪Ļʲôͨ
ţкͣ٣ڳԡ
ǿΪһɹɽɫѪ붦УΪϣͨĹ̲ϼӿ졣
֪УѾȫꡣ
ܣϼҲɴ롣
ʳϸ˷ܽʼƽϢϼҲȻȻʧɽ콾ɢϼҲɼ󲿷֡˵ֱӶȡһС컯
ϧûͻƵһֻھʮͣ
ͻƣôһ㡣
г꣬콾Ҳꡣ
ûһԼǷʲôʣࡣҲ´ߵ顣ﶼ콾ûĸȥ
ÿһ϶¶ãδı顣


914 
Ȼͬ죬ζɿڣңΪֻһϯͽʡҲʮĿޣΪ磬ƵͻƱԵȥֻҪչǱһ󣬾˳ͻơ
һ𣬾ȻһãԼӿھ򣬹תԶƽʱҪ졣õϴӣ̴Ǳ
ܸоЩûȫգһֱǱڣȴھһھΪȻٴαǡ
ɽϣ콾׷¶Цݡ
еڴ˿һɨգʲôǼٵģֻʵʵġģǿԴԿõġ
ʵʵڵġ
һ̣ʯʵĿҲ
ʯʱĿʲôĺôʵʵڵġ
лʯʢ
һ콾ʯſڵл
ôѾˣôһлĻҲô˵ڡ
ЩҲǱʼ̳͵أҲȫռΪУԲŻ磬ͬ͵󡣡
ʯʵȻ˵ɫ䲢û̫ˡεѾԤƣԭȵĿģѾʵ֣£ճУǰζУͬʵǳԵĺûζ
Ҳɫƽ
ܵõһ£ó콾һȡһлǱҪеġйâһȻһЦҲԹˣʱ䲻磬ħսرգսϻһЩҪֻиˡ
һ䣬ѾıʾԼҪ뿪˼
һۣؼǣеĺôҲѾõȥѾûʲô̫塣
Ա㣬޲ɡ
ʯһУ˵
߶սе飬ڣѾ뿪߶սʱȻȻеս棬ȫ뵽ÿһߵԺУĿһй̡侳֮ǰһУжеļɵ֡
еӡǾֻһɲ⣡
֪ǷȤһǰճǣճѾҴռݡȻĲ࣬ҲмزһۣսϳĴսڵѾʼ죬ժȡȪݣʱ򣬴սһ糾ͣԡȪϴһ⡣
ճеĴսЩʱ䣬ԴԴϵҹѪ£ѾĴսڵѾٴγҿʼ죬⼸죬ȫٴոһΡǺöϳ㲻챦ȴҲֻѷɫһѣǱˣһʿԣΪȫ㹻Ǵ´ࡣ
ÿһڣǶޱıȥǾһǿߵԴ
Ǵսûа취ħսϴߵĻҪֱӴߡ
ԣħսر֮ǰ뽫ճеĸֺôȫո
´ٽ˭ֵ֪λʲôط
пܣ´νľͲճǡսǡ
ƴǣÿԳһȪˣϣҪĴ
¶һĨЦݣƽ˵УľͱʾӦȻбҪ̸һ̸뷨
ǰǴţҴҡ
¶һĨЦݣ˵
Ǻã͹ˡ
΢΢һЦڴӦ
Щ궼Ѱеı֣Ȼǻ⣬ʵ֮ˣдһƬҵϣѾǱų̫ơ
ؽ֪ûȤһǰճǣ֮ǰһ»Ǹŷɣ½Ҵξųͳʮ֪ǷȤŽطꡣ
ٴο˵
ȴǶˣֱӳŹ롣
ȻҲԲ룬ֻҪ˵ħսһرգҲܻ֪ŷɻڴУŷɣҲûıҪڿûгʱѾ䷢룬ֵ֮䣬Ҫľѡ
λûǰһж˵¹Ὣŷɸƭ뿪ס
ʲô֮УΪһλųǷħս
ʱվ¶һּΪɫҲڶ˭֪ΪѰŷɸٴۣ½У˵ʱ޿̲ڵġֻǣʼնѶȫޣΪԿȴ֣Լȴûǰ
ΪʧʱȴйŷɵϢеʱϳչ¶Լ顣
ּ˵Ա
Ȼ֪ŷǰʲôڴгΪһųңƹʮݵλͬСɡ
ң˿϶ǰȫ¡
мͬʱҲɵİԷһ˿ġ
ŽھħսΪפճǵԭ򣬲ûиǰҪµĻǾֻһǰճǡʱֵȻطꡣ
׵ͷ
ؽȻҲճУҲ춨Ե֡һͬǰ
ҲЦ˵

׵ͷȻܲʶֻǣ½ں£ָļ䣬ԺУҲѡֱӲҪԭȵļ䣬Ҳ˵һȫµľֹУֻܿǱȽϿô
ʱԼûг֣£λʦԺҲܳΪұˡ
ã˾鷳
ٴζ˵
ûбʾԣܵõŷɵϢܷŹǰһ顣
һĻħսУУȴɫ䣬¶һʹļ׵ı飬ضĺ޵ܣúͿôܸǰȥﰡҺúް֪˵ʲôҪȥμӡҵĶܣܰ
챯ʹǽһ
˵޾ͿޣһŶûС
ŷɣұ۰ȴŸߣǰߣָоҪѪ·һԼĶǿжߵĸо
ʵ̫ˡ
֪ɲ֪߰ҪҹһȥճǣһܵĴһȥסҸ׼һֻɽ򡣡
̻һֻצץס·
һ㶼צӡ
֪֪ҪǷֿˣ֪Ժܲ˵ʲôܷצӡ
צһɣ֪ûˡ
򡣡
¶Цݣ˵
УУУֻҪԸǰȥҪ򶼿ԡ
Ц˵
ѣһĲֵʲô㡣


915 еī
׳ΰǴȥȥﶼνӦûȤգգ۾Цſ˵
ȻҪȥﶼνûĿꡣ
ãҪҲһи飬˵ڴ֮Укܶ಻ķ羰ÿһɳǶɫӦòøеʧ
¿˵
ɫжɢһ⡣
ȻкǵҲʼΪǣҪΪָ˲ţʿÿһһʱ콾ֵõҹ콾ˣʣ죬콾Ҫ콾ˣԽǷ
ԣﶼδֻҪпܣûȡһλǶһξ޴ջ
ǧ׵ã˲ѵá
˶ˣӲҪ˵ǰࡣ
ʵΪֹûб֪ȫ޷̽ʵƣΣÿһζ𺳣ȴ޷֪̽ʵ
һɲǿߡ
£ǴȥǲףֻڴǶһεĵ̣ڹؼʱ̣ǵơû˭Ĵڡ
Ҳºԥͷųԭ
ðǾͶл½㡣
գգ۾͵ЦЦ˵
Ӧ룬ȻҲֱӣûʲôŤ̬֮
֪ӭĳȥճ͡
ʱֻ˳վڶ˵дһ˿ڴ֮ɫ
һҪͶͼ
ŵԸ⣬Ȼ֮вӭĵճǣǴ׵ĴţԶ־֮ʿ˭Ȼɡ
¶һĨЦݡ
˳Ƕˮ˲ţˮս˵żǿ츳ҪȻҲɽˮռˮͳλáɲǿտڰ׻˵˵ѡ
û汾ôȡ
У½սսԣΨˮսΪֹûкʵѡ˵ܽˮˮҪȻҪһλϤˮĽơ˲ţϡѵá˳Ծ֮һ
ƳԱߣһ޴ĳӣӿôսں洩УˮԳӹᴩƬ̬ȫԽӸȫƿ֡ԳΪģǴӰ췶Χ֮ڡΨҪľνʺڳʻս
пɲ̫ƽʳû
ͨսȥ˵׶ᱻд
ҪڳϴеսͲһ򵥵飬ӲҪ˵ںУδؾֻʳ㣬֪ʲôµˮޡ
ԣ齨ˮ黹ûճ̣ȴϼƻ֮С
Ǿʹˡ
˳Ц˵
ʾԸȻǰ
֪īҵ˼ο
ʱֻУһλʮصվпѯʵɫ䣬ƺһ˿ڴ
īң
һӣҲܵһֲΪϢ
ΪȻܶʲôвȴһֵΣϢ
ʳīҡ
īʲôӰټεļѧ˵ڵ괺սʱǿǴʣһߣսսֵ֪Ƕôǿ
īҵսʱڡʼΪīԣΪīӡ
īһܵѧ壬ơӡԱΪٱīţٺ»סīѧǰ֣֮ǰ˼Ҫ漰Ρʶ⣬עսңī߼ѧҪףʼѧо£
īҵҪ˼ǣ֮ƽȵమ氮սǹƳԼ˷ѣãӼ̳ǰ˵ĻƸȻɣ־ȡ
īԻ¡Ի֮ԸӰ졣
˼룬˵ʵڣͨնԣǵȻһػҲǵī˼һ֣ͱܶײƽ׷ΪΪ֮Ҳϧ
жԴвͬĿһӺ󣬻˵īҵ˼Ǻõģ氮ǹã־˼룬ĿǺõġֻЩ̫뻯̫ãûпģûпǵʵ֣ûȡ֮
вûжī̫Ƴ磬˼ʾ顣
ǰλīе콾Ҳԥ˵ڡݣҪֿе飬ûбҪΥġ
ʿĲҪġ
ʾ
ȴûֳӣǹһɫصѯʵ
īƽȣ˼ܺã뷨̫棬İٱ䣬иƶƽӹȺλײ㣬ʧֻһ㣬ƽȡøƶߵλƽȣÿôȻϿʵƽȡƽȣܲûжηչֻܴٽķչ
սǹҲҪʲôսսս겻ݣϡսУīҰСĹңī˵ƺһַǿĴ֮١ʵֻīҵĴ壬նԣǾĹ֮֡䣬սϢ಻ɱϣʿս˵գǿ಻ԡкδ󰮿ԡֻСǴ塣
пԣ˵ԼĿ
īҵΪսУȫһʺûдֹսСʵǶһ١
սʱڣҪīҵʵȫ֧һǿսָֹɱĻҳ棬ңҴȥǾ°յĿѡ
ֻͳһֻһҴڣʩչߣ°ûս԰ҵս̶īʲôȫǽʺ
ҪīңҲоԼͷʹ
ò˵īҵǿһȺʵɼҡȷʵС
ֻǶīҵ˼Щ飬˵ǵҪõʵǲЧ϶ˡͬСɡ
ī˼벻ʺʺʢ
˵Ҳ׵ͷ
ûīڴսи꣬˵ͳһʱ˶ǰǿԿ϶顣
ͺʼʣīƴѹҪīңسͳһ죬ңܵʧҲС롣
ʼҪǲǲŹ֡
㣬˭ѵīҵ콾ô˵ǻὫī콾ƳȥīҵιǺܺõģǲ̫ϧˡ
С˵
ǲǣǷĴ֮˼벻ԣóȻɣ˵Ǻ£һҪҲǺõġȴ˵
ʱԣûķֳʤ̣֪Ҫãīҵ˼ɱϡ


916 
л𣬲֪ǰճǣҹܷһͬСе˵ϿǷ⣬ȴֱӿ˵
֣䣬ǹҵˡ
иֳһĨʣĿʱýȻͬ
ң
һĨɻƺЩϤһʱֺ֮벻
ܻоЩİ˵³࣬һϤ³ıʵǽ䣬ࡣ
ϵɻ󣬿ڽ˵
࣬³࣬ԭˡԭ³˺ˡҲһ
˵಻֪˵³࣬¼䣬û˲֪ġĴѾǧšڶǾòϢ
֪Ҹīʲôϵ
кһ䡣
īҹҵĳˡ
˵
ɫ䣬īֱ¶һĮ
īȷʵжԹҲͷ˵漴˵һʷ
Դôҵʦү˵
ҵʦүǴսУŵһܹɽ˵ͭڣľĹ࣬ҲǱľʦү³࣬īҵʦүīԣҲīӡ
ڵ꣬һǿʢСһҵ˹࣬ؽƸ룬յù֮û빥ɱ¾ϵĻߣɱʮֿɹۡ
ʱλʮָˣ͹ңʮһһСԼĹµİա
ڵʱǰǸСΪҪʱīӵõϢ߲ݵĸ·ʮʮҹλһڴ󳼵빫Իս빫ɱþսŰܣܿ䡣
īںݺݵ˹Լҵһ䡰īҵķǹִСĻ׼ҵʧܰɡĻȥ
λǿؽƸĻȫ˰裬ʮļһѾ޴ǨŭڹңɥĹҲûٴȥǨƳȥ
֮󣬹ҽóĻΪԵʾīҡǹĵжԣ桪ҵƱīҲ죬ΪС
ڴսУοԿīڹսг֣˴˵жԡνǸʤܡ
ڻϵԲīѷɫ³ʹ˼ʹ֮󣬲ϸĽ£һ飬Ϊ¼Ҳ칤¼ùҵĻÿһʮǿƳ³£ÿһǻشʦ
⹫־ǹе콾֮ǰѯжīҵĿҪ֪ǷֵͶ֧֡
Ҵʱӭκвܵ־ʿǰҴڣǽвѧֻҪжصĴУԽ벻ѧѧԺǴļաȡӡҵĻȫλС
׵ͷ֣˵
ҵĻǺöҪļףǾԿô׷췭ظı仯ֲ˼ĸı䡣칤ںһ˵˼ĻѧӦ
¶һĨ֮ɫ
ûۿľʼջûЩҪȥȥ˽Сģһġ
繫֣˳콾˿١
ٲûʲô̫ǣҵ콾ͱʾԸһǰȥճǿһȻٿҪҪһǰһλᡣͬҲһȫµĿʼпܿµọ́Ȼ⣬εضΪ
һӴв¶ʮλ콾Ըһǰճǡ
콾ȻЩ⶯ϧƺЩʲôǣʼûб̬ȷеĴ𰸣һԸȥճǿ콾
һϰλ
Ĳ˵Ļܻ൱ĺ棬л˽⣬ҲԸ˶ȥճǶѣԸ棬˭ǿ
ڴ׵ĺģȴ˿
еһ˳˵ѾǿȺӡ
ߣ
ûгɣһ䣬սٴγǰһ̤սŮ漴밢һվȥ
еֵǣЩ֪ȥˡʧϢ֮ǰûз֡ԵЩ֡
𣡣
һսѾǰ뿪ɽ˶壬һ·ֱӳճǶȥУһ޴ĿռȻ֡Żʮ־޴󣬹ճĵϣսȴǺԥ˽ȥâһѾʧ
˿Ҳûԥ󣬸̤ռšһʧ
һ۰һһһᱻ׷Ϲȥ˳ҵĿꡣ
۰Ŀã¶һĨᶨ
´壬Ѿ³ǡ󣬳еʵ˵Ϊɹۡţ˳һ
ϣ´βѶ
뿪ıӰ³һ
ľ֣ش֮ԴȻԡһΣбֵʵ̫ߵˣȻΪϣȴֱӱ¶ҹǰҲ¶ڸǰһδػҪɳӰ
ֻ»Ŀ֮ܽɱ
ҹɱ񣬾Բ˵һ˵ô򵥡
Σգ϶ǱѰ
˭֪ҹжǿʵ½ǱʲôֶΡ
ߣߣߣ
뿪콾ҲûмĴ㡣׷뿪磬ĿѾɣȻûмȥıҪ
ʯʣлεʢ磬ʱ磬ҲҪˡ
վͬʼʾҪȥͷ
ã㡣
ʯͬû
ˣûκԥľôֱ˵ˡ
ɽϵ콾׷׿ڸǡ
ʯͬûǵͷӦ
ʱͿһݹ֣Щ콾׷ȥԼʱĵطħսرգرյʱʲôʱ˭֪һ̣ѫļڼʱ䣬ҲȫԽӱԽǰ塣
ÿһλ
ʵʵڵĺô
˭׷
жսѹΣÿһսǶжصزЩǲɶõԴ磬ֻºҵÿһֶǼ컯
Щǿȥԭ֮һ
ʱޱȵɽһӾͱ
ʯʵȴһƬࡣ
漴һ䣬δʧ
磬ȫûдﵽĿģԵüΪ죬
λˣڿһжǺõģĽҲħսرգݴϰָʾսھʼرգڹرʱԺϸн⽱ǺǿӴ
һص˵


917 
ֿҪ˸˵ټʱˡĺ᲻ôҡһٴʱǿڲϢ
ڴ˧һ˵ɫҲһ˿ڴ
ǰλεһεط꣬һڴɡ
˵ɸ߿
ˣټ˸λҪǡ
ڴ˧к⣬
סǣǣؼ˧ڴ˧
ڴ˧ͬʱڳһ˵ͣź
źеƽ̨Ҳʧ
ͬʱҲħսǰʧ
ħսҪرˣֻʣʱ䣬ܵռսϵԴȡ챦ΪΪõȵɱ䡣
ѫ㣬һҪܵɱҹаħĻȡĹѫ㣬ԻȡһҪġ
ܶʿԺʶֳľһͷ
ħĶһбУӵ̫̫öЩȫҲҪܵĵõһ֣ܵĻȡһ㣬ǺܶʿҪġ
ȻĻ
ĻɽȻȻʧ·һӾʹؼȥ

ʱȣصĵ·Ҫ˳
ȻҲвϿռйءֱԿռŽԾգ̱˳࣬ң;еҹаħҲûжʲô̫谭÷صٶȿ쵽ˡ
̶һʱ䣬ڲϧ۵¡ѾֱӿԽƬ򡣺ᴩսҹǰʱճѾǰ
ճǡ
Ĵ˼ۡܿսǵĹģħսϣ˵ǴεһСĴսǣܱиռ֪ʵѾܴӲ濴һߡݵʵһ˳֮
ܿڳǽϣһʿȴȴźҹĽ١ĴѾϺ˸˿־ĺ⣬·ڴǰһе˶顣
սϵĴɱ
ʣҡнʿѾ׼ʱӦκս
ţ˵ȫԱսϣԭսߣϾͻк󱸵Ľʿ油ȥЩ油ԱȻǴսȡȻսʿЩҹ壬ڶȻ󣬱Ǿսʿ¸ĻֱӾܷӳǿսټϸװԴԭȵĽʿѷɫ
Щ죬ΪҪ֤аԣ֪ԼֱӾȻЩҹܵ飬һֱǿûͷųսʿֻĶ٣Ͳ١СһЩҧ齨µľţи齨Ŀ
ЩأΪֹҲûлžȻҹܵ顣
һһȥճеսûģʱƣԽԽǿ
һ㣬ճнʿɢսܿĳ
ճǣҹ٣ҹаħ׿񱩷𹥻ʱԣʱ򣬳ǽϵĽʿ׼ӦԽĴս
Ц˵
׸ŵƣڵһοмǿĳ
͹˳˶ԣеȷʵڡ
װͳһս׼ȻǷȫõģսϻᱬôǿƻ
Ժһͷ
Ҳûпݻľӡ
κһʿװݡΪǿ˵ͬǿľһۿȥ֪ǿױƵġ
ϣϻˡ
ڳǽϣһʿĿÿռŵĿսĳ֣϶¶һ˿ϲЦݡ֮ǰɽϵľڶĿԺвϻ룬ĿԼϵı֣ҲʮֳݡĿ⣬ԵüΪȡ
磡
˿̣ǽϴһȣдŨҵĸ顣
ԵüΪϸȥŷɻ˭
˿̵ŷɣڵǸֳһ˿ۡڲ֪д˿жôļĿȫһӰϣǹ˭·һ̣г˹Ҳκˡ
ֱֵܷʱʵ̫ˣû뵽ټ֮գû뵽ڽ⣬ָдǶľ޴
ܣ
ͬԵüΪһڲɫӺۡ
ƺлȼա
ŷѾ޷ƣֱӴӳǽ̤˳ƿշɳǰֻ۾зһ˿ӨǼ
硣һΪһӶ޷ټˡû뵽ٴطһ졣̫ˣ̫ˡǲ
ŷЦ
ϡܿ԰нĳط̫꣬ˡ
ǰܼܣϲ񡣡ͷͬ漴Ҳһ˿ϧûܼ磬ҪȻֵܾͿ¾ף֪ںδ
ֵܽݣȴֻʣȴûҵⲻò˵вź
磿
ŷɫ΢΢һ϶ûпȻҪȻħսĳûвμӣҪȻûнսֿܾ½ĳѾˡ
磬ûʲôԵǣԭȵǣ
գǹŷɣ֪ٴΡ
ĿĲҪȥԵġ
ˣɫ⣬ҹаħĹڶȵסҹƣɵĻԺеʱ䡣Ŀãƽ˵
磬ҽǣȵֵסЩҹаħֵٺúðѾ̸ŷҲ׵ͷ˵
Ǵ׵ľųٽս֮ʱȻְء
ãܾȥһսΪسǡ
ͷ˵
ҲǾþɱȻ᲻֪սϵĹأԴҲûûм磬ܵܵǰ̡ļȻԥĿȰŷһ뿪¸ֵٴδƴһṦΰҵ
ڲС
ŷɵͷ漴µϳǽ
㣬˷顣
ڼЦſڶйһ񣬴˵
㣬˷顣
ǽϣճУཫʿͬͬʱһ
쳹ķӺܿһżΪȵһֳݣһ羫Ŀ⡣
λʿټ־죬ǾͿԡؼҡ
лܣһף³һ
ؼңÿһʿУżΪصķġǲһ黳
¡¡
ڴ˿̡
ҹ٣ͻȻ䣬ֻճսУ׵ģһ޴и֡
ңһ𣬿ԿϱĸУͬʱһţЩųֵλãǰûгֹġճϷУһŸ֣һǿѹ糱ˮϯ


918 ֵ
ţϱԼ֮ϡ˵ֱӷסճǵκζӵһпܡ䣬Ѿǽճǳ׽ΪһµأͼѾǰûκζĻֱӾҪճǳ״ݻ١
ţϱձѹҪԶճǡҹǴһٸҴô
ڼĿãоһȻ˵
ľַشֻ֮磬߶սбֵ̫ҫۡҶȡҹ콾ӴˣδڶʱҪħսϣʩչɱֶΣҪǿսϡ
ĿãһĨ⣬Ҳ˵
ο˵Ƿ˴ɣҹ콾ǰչ¶ֶ̫࣬ҰЩ콾ˣǣˮȡ࣬ңƷߣΪǰɱУûˮĿģҹѾεչ¶צ
Ҫһٽжɱ
ǰΪҹһλµĴС
ΪˣǸĴҲһϧ
ǴһճǣҹͿʼӦͬʱѹķžҪΧճǣ׽еĴ׽ʿȫɱ
쵰Ⱥаħ˵Ըķ䣬ھȻڱһ֣Ļıҧҧгݵķһŭ
еĴ師ײһ𣬷ҵĺ
ƺʱնȥ
ߣЩҹаħΪճôùƵôһΣͺݺݴսһѪЩаħҴ׿ɲġ
ҵüҲ¶һĨŭݡ
購Ҫлǣûκ
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һһϺȡ
һ̣ûκתأֻһ֣Ǿս
ıƣֻսܾյĽʤΪ߿ܡô򵥣ôֱӡ
λԲסˣҪһճϢһû뵽飬ĳǲܡɫƽûΪͬʱֶ־壬Ǿ֮ɫ侲ŭУȴûдﵽ˼ĵز
˻ĳͲˣճǴԼѡ񣬼ȻѡǾͱҪΪԼѡǲųĽڡҲһսѣҹаħֲûɱֻҪҾ͸ɱ
˳ԥ˵
ҹаħκεطɱҲһûʲôֻǸΣնѡ
ǽϣнʿѾԴû˿飬һȫսף϶ߣŵһɱݡ
ãǾһ𿴿ҹɱҵģɱңǾҪʹĴۡ
Ц˵ܵţҲ̧ۿһеšܸܵЩжݳΪµϢƺпֲʱбĿܡ
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䣡
ǽϣÿһʿѾ׼ǿܼҹаħҲûκζݣµףʼձһɱڿҹ֮ںûгɣ´
һ޴
ЩùǲƳɵÿһԱߣһһľ޴ڱȥͬʱһʱͽµȥ
ܴӡڣЩսϣҪж٣ݽߡ
Ƶľ财нʿԾȫķӳȫսֻ꣬ҪûкľԪڣͿԳϵıȥǵʵȫƻޣûκε˿Ӽꡣ
飡
ȳֵҹУսʿ׷ھ޴ըѪܼļոһоɱڵϣѪȾء
ܼĴ󣬿Խϱǽȫǡ
ÿһǽ϶ǧܴͬʱ
ɵƻǰı˲䱻ѪƬ
ûȫɱҹдаħǰ̵ĳɱٶȼ죬գۼ䣬Ѿǽʮɾ롣
䣡
ǽϵڽʿȴǲŲæһ֧֧ͬʱ׼棬°
ಣ
һƿУÿһʿԥĽʮȫȥܼ籩սÿһڷŹ⣬·һ
ͬսɸֲͬľ޴ƻ
ƬƬҹаħֱӵܼļ¡ЩǱɴ⬡ֵʮֲбЩɲֻ̺ŽʿǹעԪ
Ȼƻ
񺣾ھأϾսʿ
һĻ˳ͫһһ𺳡
ڳǽϽʿǳֵͬʱϵΪ˿Ҳǵ۾
Ȼģ˿̶񺣾ھصΪ硣ΪߵģѾֱͻƵϾ磬ңÿһϵϢʮѪɷ
ϾεĽʿȻ
Ƕôµ顣
Ҫ֪½УϾεʿжߡܶ콾ֻϾϾȻһͨʿڲ˶ԣĳ
ⴲӦģװڴоȻӵô࣬ѵһ͵ıӵдܹɽӦ̺ٷģƿٶȸ졣󻹲иƵĿռ䡣
ҲˣниƵĿܣǰҵ뷨иƣȫԽսһΡ
ȴǽʿеĴȲܴΪʲôܹģ󣬾еϣڿĵһۣԺмͿʼٷֽ⣬Ще˲ϢһϸС
зͬʱݣڵĻϣи
㣬ɱӦֻ񺣾Ͼεĵ˲вһﵽͼεĵˣͻ˶£ɱѾ޷
һǲϣеķĵȵɵӰ졣
ãⲻļޣֻҪڲϣڲ½иƣֱһΣ֮ǿͼҲԲвɾǿƻ
ⲻûпܣȫпܡ
֮иˣܹɽԲ
һ̣ԺҲȻΪԼǼף϶õصλڿô򵥵ġҪӱҪչֳ㹻С
תͷսϵɱѾȻС


919 ħ
ս׽Ȼ
Ѫ⻯Ϊ㲻⡣
ҪκκڳǽϵнʿµɱУĥ³ĬĬǲҪָӣȫսı仯ȷķӦ
䣡䣡䣡
սϣҹҪκ׼ĶȥֱӾеоܼļ꣬ôҹаħ޷ǽ˲ء
ڵϣҲ̶ãѪٴȾ档
УһŨѪ֡
ȫװĴ׽ʿǽǣһеĴÿֲҹûа취ֱӿǽͱ׷ɱ
ѻʬѾһ㡣
ǻ棬Ǻܶ콾֮ǰûмġ
ľӾȻǿֵزǲ˼飬˾̾Ǵô׵ĽʿȻôǿеǾ޴ġ
Ȼ֮ǰѾԴ׵ʵ²⣬Ŀò֪ԼĲ²ȫ޷׵ս۾ʶĿŷɣֻŷѾվڳǽϣָԼľŽʿҹ𹥻
ܣЧҵô֧ȷʵҴûмǿ
һͷ
ûҵ֮ǰŷɸ룬ݵλԸݵλҪҪġ
ͻȻ䣬Ϸĳдܼĳգβϣһ缤㱬ǽ
ޱܼŻԡ
ǵء
ڣǽϵĽʿ׼ڿ˲䣬Ѿƣɶǽһǿе档
ܼϽɱ
̣
һ̣гˡ
һ䣬Ϳһֻƿ˲սϡתշ𡣺˸䣬ܿгɫڽ任ƿλãƾճһУУݳ޷ݵ
һγɣͿϣҹаħϵıȡٳƿȥ
ƿɣЩҹаħ˿ûзֱ֮Ӿͱɽȥһ޴ڿƿ󣬷׷СԷ˵ٶСţһεΰǵС
ƿɢʵ̫ˣ޷٣Щƽʵ޷ֵƾųɫ⣬ҫȻȡȥ
еΪ˵Ѿ״ﵽͼ۷壬ޱۺǿ󣬴߶ƿøӾˡ
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ľͽҹаħɽȥ
ˢ
ƿٴγСִ߶ƿйâתڱãƺصڻص
ҡμ䡣

ƿзĴѾƿбһöö
˷ѣƳɵҩ츣Ҵ׽ʿɶԴֻʵҹǾ̫ʧˡٶ࣬ҲӶࡣ
бĿܵţЦ˵
ÿʱÿ̶Ŵꡣ
һööϳսУĽսϵѹӶᣬϣеͼ飬ΪԴ걾Դһ֮ͨС
ܸоԴÿʱÿ̶ڱǡ
ϣϵ뵽ЩͨУÿһͨڷ⣬ɢصĵϢʮˡ
ֻ̫ǿǿҲҪɱĻҪԴʵ̫࣬⼸Уͽе겻֪ж١ֱǺˣȴֻǲϱĿռţͼøͨǿȴʼմ۷壬޷ɱ䵽ؽײΡ
·ȱĳĳһ㡣
ôûа취ɱ䡣
һ㣬кΡ
ɱ䣬ϵκΣգſֱԡѹһеС
̣̣̣
ƬƬҹаħƿΪ
ÿһγ֣Ƕǲʮҹаħɡһ֣ƬͻһƬȱ
壬֮Уҹ콾˱ᣬ֮ðҹգ㵱
еǵУȻһ
Եúܿ£ͷ·İĹâɣϱã˸ޡͫ٣ԵüΪնȴԸܵעӡƺһֱϵĸо
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ǻȻǴдУ޴ѹ
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вңǾǡ
УһĨǿҵս⣬һ˿⡣ʾķȡ
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һ̣ս۶ûжӴսдȥˣһ¾ڡ
ѪУһ˲䣬ѾĸоԼ걻ӸסˣסˡдݳһɼΪǿҵľʹ
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Ŀãƺ¶һ˿ЦǸһ¾ʹݳǿҪӳǽֱţֱҹ֮СҪҹٽС
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ϱߣ죬šнʿĿ꣬ţ䡣
ǽཫʿĿãʱͼҪεѣ¶ŭ뾪֮ɫ
ôû뵽л˿ֲһλҹǿߣһȻжûа취ӲСҪУ޷ǻôµĺ
ಣ
ûκγɣһ̣׷׶׼ţĳеŹȥÿһͬ˽ȥ
ȻгһУЩ棬ͺǱһڶһգۼʧ

ҧսƥնϣȻս棬ȴնڿϣûֱӴӹϴȥܿԵüΪ졣

ڹϣȴĴݳһ
ƣⲻʱյĹǴһʱա
Ѿױ޴Ҫȥ
Ȼ򣬾һ̣һǿ߸е𾪵鷢ˣ󣬾Ȼûндӳǽȥָоͺһ㡣ڹ̺ȥ
ôܣħУ껹ûз֮Ϊʲô
ԴŲš


920 ɱ
ħҹУҲǿŷɥĶħֻҪУֱѹ꣬һԪѹǿ󣬶ܵ޴Ӱ죬һʵ˵ʮɾǶ죬ԣѣǲܵ顣
иΪﵽླǿߣΪԭ޷дȴܷ𹥻ƣû̫Ӱ졣ڱħк󣬲ܳǳһͼǿϡһ㣬¶֮ɫ
ʶֳһ˿ܵͷ
ȴ֪екѹʮСǧأħֱӹʮСǧ磬ҪȻҪУֱǳ˵ΡڵĹӶѹǯơҪջȥһѵ顣
벻黹ǡֹһ
Ц˵
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ڶУһĻ⻰УȻԿһͷըëĴһҹǿ߳ڣֺģһԲû̫𡣵һۿȥΪǿҵĴʹУ·Ǿ
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ÿһӵдɱǿߵʵ
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Щ̺綾һУ˲ͻᱻɱЩ̺ͬǣ൱ֲ
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ìң̺൱£ڴì£ռ䶼ŤһµͬʱѾ
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ǣ벻뿴һ·ʲôĻ˵
ħŮճе彫ʿͻȻЦ˵Уޱȡ

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ǣƣϯĴìûеֿ֮ƺҪʵʵϡ
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ڱУֻһСĸһӰ֣ʮССķɫȴһɫģУȻһöڵԲöԲɫһ𡣿ضΣգ׺󣬶¶һ˿Цݣ漴˳ȥ˹ȥ
ҳȥ˲䣬öڷ⣬ɢɫĹâŹâһܹâļ󡣿ռ䶼ΪĽݡǻ棬ԵüΪֲͬڶû
УȴԿһͨںеӰĿ֪һΪΣյǿߡУȻһڵĳᦣڳϣƺܿ¶˻
ǿ΢΢ҡеĺᦡ
ʱһ𣬺ȻΪһߴĹϸȥУޣ
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һȻУӦǲܵ顣
ħŮʶĸֳһĨЦݡ
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˲ͻָ·˿ûܵӰ졣ûӰ죬ܵӰʱڣȻֱӽʧ񳹵׾ѣܵӰ졣
ĿɨӣһϯĹеɫԵһƬ䡣
ɱ
һ̣ӿֳһɱ塣
ץסħһ䣬Ȼݳ˵ΰ˲ݵУɫȻ䣬оһɿֲҪ˳ħԼȥǹɽ赲Ƕôµһ顣
ħȴԷзơеľ糱ˮӿ֡


821 ķâ
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аԳ
֮г֣Ҫħս©ֻҪУûħսǾ㲻̤սҲͲܵսҪǱȥǾ
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һĻŵļǿУһϲ¶֮ɫ
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һöȻɽӡ
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УڵԲըΪһµĺڶҪɽӡǿɽȥǣɽӡб̫ɽ֮ȻڶΪƬķѡ
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ÿµĹĹκһҪԣֻ¶ˣѴȻǿнضϣЩôġ
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ǿ˲˷ֺ
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˿ײԿܵĿռ俪ʼۿɼٶȷŤƺռ䶼Ҫױһֱٶȼ졣ѾѺۡ
ãžȻٻġôûж
пϳֵĿѺۣɫʱ䣬൱ѿ֧Ųסľ
ӣ
ԺΨһһͷ


922 
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вҳҪűܿħսעҪײƬһ飬ڵĿռͨһ׻ΪУеʿʣؽ˶ش
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һ޴ĺУųױ

ڱͬʱзһֵ˻תԷ˵ٶ˳ͨߣűʱռ᳹ױ𣬶һζε顣л·ҹֻҪٶȹ죬㹻áȫЩ
飡
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ֻһҵУֱ顣ΪһƬ˸ǹ⣬Ҫ˷ȥ
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ˣãλãȥ԰йһ䣬ȪЩԼȥݡ˵ħУ챦Ȫۣʱ÷һڴУҲȪң˵Ǽ챦Ȫ۳ȪˮյЧԡ󣬼ѩףơ
¿һȪЦ˵
ȪȻ˭ԽݣЩŮ޸һݵĻȻǲܵ顣̫󵨡ǵĵһ־޴ս
¹ŮףôһȪ
һ£еŮ޷׷׵ͷӦ
ȻȪǺҪһȻܡ
һȺҲûжŤ󣬷׷ѵ·ȪУȪˮ¶ȿ˵ǲһٶȡͬˮһ㣬ⲻٵ¶ȣʵ¶ȡ
ͨûа취ܵģͨһȥ˲ͻᱻ̵ƤˣôĿ£ʮ־ˣʿԣǲʿһٶȵķˮУҲС˼ѣһӰ춼С¶У䲻ȣոպá
棬ʮʡ
ëȻ򿪣ȪУһ˿˿ԴԴϵ˳ëڣѪУУѪ嶼ڷȡݳһɳȵĸоصĸ֮УȫƣͣԾɢ١ΪСϴġ
ÿһϸڷõ
ǹ϶¶һʵĸо
ָо·ԭѹϵĸѹȫһɨաʧ
ȪȻͬԡ̫֮У̫ů滺ž޴ĺôһء
ſڷһ̾
ܸܵһǿңΪȪˮϡ͵ԭԭȵʹ࣬ʣȻȪЧҲ˼иܵǿֺ£û˻ѡܾ
Ǻ
ҲͷȪиǿĶԵüΪá
ȫĵķɡ
ã½Σָúȥδӡ
нȪУ̾һ󣬶ѯʵ
϶ʱ¶һ˿ɫ
½ǴУںҲŶ̶̼ʱ䣬ʱ䣬ںϣײԣҲգ֮ѣֻ໥俪ʼվȽŸʼ½¸֮أ޹в໥֮ѹµĳޡյĽֻԽԽҵս֮ս֮սն񻷾֮ĿǡǡֻǸոտʼ
ɫصĳ˵
ںĺ
ңսɱ¾ءֻԽԽңһϴơ
ιУû䣬̤֮ͨ·ٸ߷塣
֮ǰֻǸܻĳ̽ǸոսƬأҲһûжֻǣʵǿģһռơ
⼸굱Уңʵ򣬲ֻǰסھܵȸԸõȥȥ
Ԥ⣬ĸ߷ڼ٣ֻ»úܿ£ܲҡ
󣬺ʣеľţϵţŵĹУսΨһֶΡŻ١
սս޾ս
δ⡣
ܣҲǰһ˿Ȼ·ԺѾδޱ߷
ǰ׹ʬѻɽ
һܿµ顣
Ҳؽһڰʱڡ
뵽Щÿ˵϶¶һ˿֮ɫؽѹһ塣ħս϶ȡ֮λʣɺܶеһ̡ʱʱԶǺ顣
ѵʱֻ¾Ҫ١
ҪΪǿ壬սǱҪٵģֲֻҵĻУɿԴϢǲǿ壬ѪԡѪ
л˵
ֿ֮λûаװ׽ȥĵֻҪĥѣ𡣺οò֮λ嶼ܱܿⳡɱ¾
ʱ򣬻Ҳδزܱɺ£Ϳȥѡ
ɱ¾ϴ˳ɳɳǾζŵ㡣˵κ鶼ԣֻкõģͬлġ
ҴκսκηꡣҴ׽ʿʱ׼Ϊս
ɫŵ˵
ʵš
Ĳ˵ħս̣ôĵ̴ʿսӱɱ䡣ľڣӦһս
֪Ϊίȫܱ֤յֱӲĸΣɱһѪ·ỹǿӲ
ٴѯʵ
ƺһο̡
Ҳǹ۲˴֮ǷϣܴܲһµؼġҪǾವֻڲìܣںġ
òʧ
һζ᲻ãǻоۣȻ䱾ĴӼѣһζǿӲҲУռݰףٱֳǿӲ̬Ȼἤͬ飬Եסһ壬ȴ޷ֵǧͬʱų⹥
ΪӦǿӲã£һͬԹһȿɱֳƣҲչ¶֮Ҫѣܱ岻Զ
΢󿪿˵
һ㣬ʵҲʩչ߼ȫơܿйؼ֪ԼʵλҪġ
֪Ϊδ½ȥ
ʱҲڷһ䡣
񳼣ѡͬġ
е⣬شˣǷ⣬Ҳһ䡣Ҫе뷨ܷϡϡѡȥ


827 
нǿϢҪгɳϢΨһķǿû˭Ե޹ʵİǣֻǿϢлȥΪһǿ壬һǿӦþ߱ľ־Ƕڡ
Ļ˵˵⻹ʵҪ߱ģһ壬нˣϵĿܣֻǿʵӡˣֻǽʵƽȵ˫֮䡣ǲԵȣǾ»ˡ
ţռݸԴҪеĹ̡壬ΪֻŽᣬӦһУһɢɳĻٶ࣬ҲֻᱻơͳһܱһɣΪҪġ
п̸
ͺñǴףдͳһУɳǲϵĻǾһɢɳ˵ѹҰȥΪһ޴⡣
ͳһͳһʱ䡣
սʱǴͳһսʵȣʣпܴսıʵǿһɱܵľǴʱҲһϣҲεգޱ
ͬһ壬ѹһС
ͳһĺôտ԰ҵܸͬõһ¶⣬ٽںϡ
ηش׺׼ٴƶսʼսϽܱ׵İͼ֮ڡңײûиռ䡣
ڻҰУֻҪǶǿҵ壬ڻҰвû⣬ԺƽΨһҪǲܶвҲͬķΧ֮ڡ
ǿӲãһ㣬ױһֱʩС
ëڲϵ˵䡣
Ѿ׿гЧ
ǵȵش׺Ѿ֮ĻСʱ׶һȫµʱ
˵һЩеƶȡڴ׵״һЩ⡣֮䣬ϵĽ̸໥ҲԽӵ
˵̸
ã΢󿪿˵֪֮пɻҪˡз·ֻǲ
жʱϲæЦܼҴףǴ֮вӭĵҴ׵ĴţԶΪ
ĲǺʵġǾϻ֮ϣһָĴţĴţܼףһǿı
ٴν̸һĬĬȪ֮
ʱȻһΣѾ硣
Ȫгź콾һƧͤ
һ䣬Ѿڡֱ뵽ħѫС
ڹѫϣеĹѫֱʮڵľ֡ܽЩ嵱ʵ̫Ӵˡ
ûж룬ȥ˲Ϣͽ뵽һصÿռС
ռڣȻһĻ棬ֳָıڲϵıãÿʱÿ̶вͬı档Щ඼̫ˣǾʿĶһ˿١·޾ȻǴɱеıͲ
ɸѡ⣬һֵһѫϣʮڹѫ㡣һĿ꣬ǿķԼϣĵرҩ챦ΪҲһչֳУ챦Ϊȡɸѡ
΢
ѾĶһˣһδģĶһûʲôҪԵƷֻҪмֵԼѫ㹻ǾͶһһٶһ
Ҫ֣ҲҪ
һգĻϿֳһͼõͶӰ֡ҪĶһ۸ȵȡһӦȫ
֪ܶһٱ
εɸѡϴεķΧ󣬳ǰ嵥ȻϴθӴ󣬸ӾˡԿһǰһԺӡ
챦ħβܴһѫһ򡣡
Ŀм챦϶
ħЩ֮ǰҪһȴûжһ챦ڲҪǡ򣬶־Ͷ֡һҲǺ޹ɵģħÿ͵ֻһһ챦ɳȻѹǿеÿԵһ㹻
Ҳһʿɹ۵Ĺѫ㱻ġ
ȡ˴ķ
вʺȪѫ㣬챦дã
ٴνԭҪĲʺȪһǺöƳǣȻǧĿ⡣
ЩСͷѣֻζһĿθˣСġ
Ҫؼǿı⡣
ԺеһͷھǱôĿȥġ
˧ѡ챦͵챦
ٴο˵
һ䣬ǰĻٴαãõٶȼ죬գۼ䣬챦Ѿǰ
ңʮ־ޡ
ĿһϣʱһѶϢԺС
챦Բ԰Ϊ԰ͱ⣬Դ챦ű࣬԰־ۣ¾ޡϡչ֡
챦ȻһƬС԰֡Բ԰Բ԰Ӱһ챦뻪ʷ档
Բ԰Ϊ⣬ʣǶһּչ֡
Բ԰Ȼ𺳣еı⻹ܸоЩ䣬Բ԰ԳΪһƬ챦Ϊ⣬ǲʺϡ
Ȼеһɽһˮּµ԰֡ȴûѡһΪ⡣
漴ڶ
ڶһ¥
ʮֵ׳ۡΪŲ㣬Źϵĵ󷨣ƺǣǳ֮¥ɢһǹ⣬ǹڣʮѤ
챦ժ¥ÿһ㶼һƬǿգǳǱֱժ¥ͻữΪһööһǳСޡŲժ¥ǾƬǿա
ԺиֳѶϢаһ˿
ժ¥Ϊǳժȡǳժȡ
ؼǣժ¥̺ڤڤдһԵ֣ǽУֻҪԵȻԸӦӦıǳժȡ
Уժ¥Լȡǳ֮¥еıпܱøǿƷͻɱѾ챦Ϊ汦ı⣬ܺ⡣
ʶĻǿһ
һеϲ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ
һܹŹ֣ǾȻһֻΪͨɫè˰վ
챦è޴ֱ⻹Ǳ𡣡
аһͷҲŴ͡
èô챦ĿڴǴﱦ⣬⵽ǻĻġһ㣬ʮֵ̽֡ؼǣⶣèܹŹ֣ŽȥԣóͲôˡǣ붣èڣпܻᷢ졣


828 
èĿڴܹ죬ƺһ޴صĶԪŽڴеƷ漸޵ģܴıﲻһܹŹ֣ǾǣͽȥҪȡɾͲôףҪ¸èһ㣬öèһ
صǣèĿڴŽȥĶпܷ죬ֱклĻпֱӱһһèʲôģеҲпֱһƷףǷԵɱ䡣ʮءпЩĵرֱɱĳķ
ǶèĶ
ŽȥпѪ޹飬һèɡҲп׬ȫƷͽȥףóˡ
ȻܲжڡʺΪ⣬ⱦ⡣
ȻԶèе棬Ҳ֪èʺϳΪ⣬һΪ⣬˭֪᲻ȫèɡ֮ġǾͱˡ
֮󣬻еļһƽ𹬵һۿȥͨ˸Żƽâʮҫۣ飬һƽݡƽ𱦵
챦ƽ𱦵ƽݡлƽݣƽݣΪȫ䱦Ƹܴ챦ƽ̺ܶԸĵر𵽴ٽɱ
ļ챦Сһ˵Ҳ
ƽͨ⣬ǲ̫ߵˣá͵͵вʧݻҪġ
аԳƽȻԱǸժ¥ժ¥ܴ溣ͬҲûлƽݵݻ
˼ȷҪȡժ¥챦⣬ʵʺϲ
ժ¥ΪҴϣԲ԰챦Ǹ԰־ۣһɱɳȫһɹʢԲ԰е԰ַ񶼿仯һɽһˮܱ¡һȫںһ𣬽еĻʼ԰֣԰
Ȼѡժ¥ҲûзԲ԰԰ֽ챦
һ澰һ漣԰ֽŻʷϵĸַǻ۵ĽᾧҪ뵽֮УڹϣȻøӵ죬ӵĴռ䣬ڲľ£ḻ
Բ԰ǻ峯һ漣־ԵĽԲ԰԰粴԰ɣҲԲ԰⣬С԰ֲڶ棬ǹ°㻷Χ԰350๫꣬20ƽףһʮྰС԰֮԰ĳƺ
֪ľǶôľ
Ȼ챦Բ԰ȫ峯Ľ챦ں˻ʷϣгĸֽΪһ壬ҪһԲ԰԰֮԰԰𡣻Ʒ׵ɱ䣬ǷΧ󣬸˵֤ĵʷǨ
챦˵ʲôԸ
һ˵Ժ󶼲ӵСǾ̫ϧˡҪںϣԲ԰УʣǱؽ׳۵¡
ô룬Ҳôġ
ժ¥챦Ҫѫ㣬Բ԰󣬾ȻҪһǧѫ㣬ңƷ͵Ļƽ챦
ϸۿҲɰզ࣬ѫ㿴࣬ɺõ챦۸Ҳ󰡣֣Ҫְ
ǣժ¥ǾŲ¥һһǻƽ챦ҲǾŲ㣬ȴľŲ㣬һڶʵģ浽ھŲ㣬õġֻƷɱ䣬۳ʵʡժ¥Ҫɱ䣬ͱҪĵر䣬Ϊһööǳγǿգǳյǳ֮ԴԴϻժ¥У¥
Խ࣬ٶȾԽ죬õ¥۳ʵʡʵƷϵɱ䡣
˵ջԱɱ䡣Ϊɱ䣬ҲҪϱ⡣
èƽȻΪ⣬ҲԶһѵõ챦óʱ򡣡
΢ʣµҲûзŹ
ѫףҲ¶֡
־Ͷ֣챦ⶫ˭Լӵе̫ࡣ
èҪѫ㣬ƽҲҪѫ㣬ټǰģһ¾õǧһѫ㡣ǻǮˮҲ
ټ֮ǰģѾǧѫ㡣
ֻǿθ˶ѡ
־ҪŸոտʼڱѾˣǸ챦ˡ
аԳ
ǵҩĵҩܶࡣȫԶһһ뱦УҲǳʵ⡣
΢˼˼
ѪԪǺܺõһֵҩһĹѫʮֵֻҪһ㹦ѫͿԶһһĵҩѪ׳Ԫһ͵ֵʮһµĿ޻ۡңǶ񺣾ҲԶϾ棬ʿҲǿѪ
ĵҩ;㷺Ҳġ
ѪԪ;㷺Զһǧö
ѪԪħս϶еһⵤҩӦսѪںԪ۶ɣûʣʮɵҲ鵤ֵҩʿȥƣȻʣǸԹħҩ
֮۶ɣѵáһǧö֧ôཫʿһɱ䡣Ϊ
дǵֵҩҲҩҪһ٣ɵһ
лĵҩ
ǵϴǲΪƵĵҩÿԴǿ׳ڷãùȵӲޱȡԵιǣʹƷסƽ׵ҩ
Ըҩƶɣжֽⶾҩ书Чٶп߶ˡָܻƣָƷס׵ҩ
ƷȻߣȴʤƲѣҩĵĻҲǺѡȫħжһӣԼ֣δǵΪҲƵĳ
ȻЩƲġ
硣𵤣쵤ɵ
Щҩÿһֶǵ屦ֵд𵤾ϽĹΪҩϡҩƶɣв˼ĹЧֱܹӽռ䣬棬ܿٵĸشң򵽵ģҪطϣԵһǧﵽ˼ľءƷסɽ׵ҩ
һöҪһڹѫ㡣
ֵԣѾ൱Żݡļ۸Բһ㡣
Щҩڳ˼նĶһһöģҲöġժ¥УȫԳΪѹ¥֮
дɽ𣬾ɫɺ֮ᡣɫʯʺĸȵϣһҲǺĵĽжһܶ඼ҵ䱦ġϡ٣Щϵرл֣Ǿ͸ö־Ͷ֡÷ͷ
ֱֻҪϡٵģŪģ


929 ©
𿴹Ķ࣬ʵ򣬺ܶණѰңħȴôֵͨƷ磬ڴ׽ںҵ鱴ȴǱ˵Ҫһ㹦ѫͿԶһһö
鱴Ǵвеı˵һֺܶصˮΪ鱴Ϊ岻С磬ңڱϻȻͼںˮУɢһѤ⣬Ԫ뵽ıУһȥһ뵽УñǱһֶصıġ
ܶʿѡȡ鱴̺ԪΪЩԪʮ־ȾʯҪ̺˼鱴̺ԣɣһַΪϣƸַΪ鱴̺صʣܶƵķӲٵԡ
ԸŨӳΪ鱦ļʣһܱøǿ
ҲһģʮּӲ˵÷ͨøӾˡ
öⶫڴܶ࣬½ϣȴϡޱȡǿ
ڴлûп
ڴУܶˮ嶼鱴Ϊн׵ģ鱴ļֵĿȻǲ͡ⶫô󡣵ȻоǶһҲû㽫ǵǻңҾѾ㹻Ūһ鱴Ͳˣϵңǻӵġ
鱴Ʒ϶вĹЧȻǾͶһһǧö
һǧöһǧѫ㡣
㹦ѫ㻹û̫⣬ֻҪﳬֵǾֵùֵöһ
¡
Щָ챦ֻҪͺԥĶһڶһǣרѡϡٵĶһ֪УһƷԽԽࡣ
Щûԥȫͽժ¥С
ڵһ㣬ѾԿһﻯΪСǳ̾ᣬϱãصĴÿʱÿ̶ڱŷλѪԪĵҩƿΪλһƿΪʮöÿһƿΪһöСǳд飬ժ¥ıСйģ
鱴ҲһöΪһ飬ϻװҲǻΪǳһ켣
ȪˮǺöһݾҪһǧѫ㡣ǰ󰡡
ҲҪһȪˮһֻһݣѫٶ࣬Ҳûа취ģĶһֲεı
챦ٻȪۣú󣬿һȪȪȪˮУ̺ٻ㣬ٻ֮ԡУԡȻӵĳһְٻ㣬ΪϵĻ㣬ܾòϢһµܾգϸˮϰ̺ۣǶǱм档
еĿ⿴һ챦
һȪȪǰͿ
Ժ뵽µˣȻڿȪʱʵҲҪһݣջûгС
ٻȪʺŮ޽ݵȪȪۣ򣡣
кԥˡǹѫ
˵ģΪǣȪۣҲ򰡡
漴и챦
磬̨Լȡ˭ԼȡµķٶȣȻǲ̨ܱϸãֹÿһʿԣǶһԵԴΪм档󣬿൱һտޡΪôģôܵġ
УȻҲٲ˸ֹ伮
һξħжһĹ伮һ뿪ħս´Ҫٽ֪Ҫȵʲôʱԣһӷ
ֻҪûеģܼ۸ΣҪٹѫ㣬ͨͨһʲô߶һûġ
ЩĹ伮ǹ±һˣԳֵڶҲԱ˶һȻڼ۸ԵñȽϵǶĹսͨطŻʮָ߰
Щ伮һʮ־˵֡
ЩûзŽժ¥׼ȥؾУǴУпȱĸҪЩǻ۵Ľᾧ𺦡
ҩȣЩҲҪ
ٴνĿ꿴ҩȷ档
ⷽ棬ģϾǿԴȫڶʱڵõջ
һңħлҳٶҩȡ
磬һףף䱾ܱ֮һףͨɫʮһһ죬ʱɢ㣬棬ڸʮͬ죬泩׷ɣڻָƷסؽ׼Ʒ
ؼǣԪкôؽ׼ƷƷסöϵȵĺö
һ־ףʮ죬֮أضɾ徻ţȪˮÿʮܳһΣңֲ̣ɻ䣬һ죬ϣᵮһƣЩƻ֣ᷢޱȣϴġħϴ顣ƷסɽƷ
Ʒ׿Ǽߣɽ֮ϵסҪεȵļѣؼ䣬ָÿһֶжصĹЧǷ
ҪҪߡ
öܴ
йϵĻѲٵĹѫһһЩӣң࣬ܲճɻǻһ⡣Ҫ׶޴档
Ĳ˵ǿߵļʸٶȸ졣
ɽ׵ףЩѾжȫͿҩ
֪Уɫ̾Ǵ˵еƷףҲײΡϧףഫֻũҵͱ˴˵
ٿҩ
ܶҩֱӶһӡ
ͻȻ䣬һǰһѶϢԺС
ʶΪ֮𶯡
©
ϸȥԿֱͨκҶӳֳԲΡ·ԲңԺеģǳ©ǻУϽʮأ״ͬ㣬Ȼһ壬һƷҲκεķ϶һȱĸܣ棬һ㾧Өľ⣬׾һ㡣ˮ覣覴á
һ©ȻȻһãΪ©֮УʱκεģյԪܿң޷ɢݳԪеǿѪ⣬ÿһѪС޳©֮壬ž޴İʿ֮һ
аһͷ
ʿҪȡĸ뵽ѪУԼηɱ䡣һĽ̡ڣһŹͿʱļûУǲ˷һ˿һաĻЧʺεȾˡ
Ʒ׸ߴɽ׼ƷƷΪֻһ֮ң
ɳҲʮǧ꿪ǧǧ졣ھǧܲժ


930 ʮФ
Ǻöֻǣ۸Ҳ൱İһļ۸ǧѫ㡣Ҫ֪ɽֻ磬ҪսҪǧʱ䣬ڣҪԵҪȸ˾ǧꡣǺε£һʿҪһ뵽Ҫʱ䣬Ҳͷ
Ƕܹڰ˾ǧʱ䣬Ǻѡ
ҪȻôʱ䣬ƻ˶ˡ
ЩеĿǵС
ȻУʵһǾͶһɽײεĹκεطǶǶҩҩķʱٳֵõġڶʱԲɶںԣȴž޴ĺôһĵ̡Ļۡ
򣬴Σ´ξͲһеϣ֮УľڣӦÿɳʱ̡ĵرԼ̣ȪˮֱǱһξ©ʮĳɳʱ䡣
кԥĽһ
ľҪͶһЩԴ˵ڶʱھͽճ죬Ҫ
漴ҩȶһ
뵽С
׷׳ɻõٴοʼţֱͻƵռĲΡһ˿˿ҩת
ףʮФ񡣡
ʱǰĻУһ챦ӳУ䰵Էһȡ
ۿȥȻԿһԳ
ϣԸܵõǰõʮФ񼸺һġԴͬң˴˺Ӧʮ졣
ħӴʮФ˵롣ھֻƳѾӵУţۼĴֻ𡣡
аһͷ漴Ҳһȡ
Ҫ֪Դţ󣬺½ߵʮФ£ţезѾʼסʮФÿһļһɣٶһ㡣ʱһ
Խ࣬۵ٶȾԽ죬ʱԽ̡
ȻԳʱԺȻֳһǿҵ
ܵõƳǶõһĪ컯Ҫ۳ʮǺʣƳҪΪһʥضܡ
ҽɸѡĿΪʮФ񡣡
һʱǰĻѾֳһͼ
УȻС
ħУȷʵʮФ񣬶ңֹһϸȥ֮࣬Ȼϰټ֮ࡣ
ãʮФȻֻһףǴźܶס룬Ӧòѡ
пûʧһ˿ϲȻǶһ޶һףɺʣôѶȴҲζţһ۸ӦòԵ̫סɷΧ֮ڡ
ţáߡ򡢺ʮФ񾡽ȫ
ϸ۲󣬶Щ⣬ÿһģƺͬ챦мȡԪҪʮֻҪ˼ѡ
ʮФÿһһ۸Ϊһǧöѫ㡣
ڿĶһ۸ҲԾȡȻħеıѾļֵν൱ߣһһףǾͻ͵ʮκһļֵһǧѫġԼ۱ȼߡ
ֻ½ϣ󲿷ʿڻ챦̺塣
ʮФ񣬼һ
ϢҪǴݳȥ˵ã½ϵĸ˶񣬷Ѱĵ
򣬱ǧѫѣ֧𡣡
һϵĽȱٵİ˼Фٶһ
˼ȫквŸоһ̤ʵ
ãʮФ룬ֻҪȫƳǽ׻ΪʥأκɽҪѷɫ
еϲڴ԰ȥ
ҪģǶһֱ
ʮڵĹѫ㣬ǴĶһʣ²١ֵֶĹ̻Ҫ
ףͼ
ڿٶһֵĹУһͼǰ
ϸȥͼȻҲһ챦ͼϣܿţõȶͼ棬һǡþʮФͼ
ʮФͼȻͼ챦ɵͼ
̲סü
ͼؼĶ֮һʮФʲôһµֻأĸ档ʮ֧Ҳӣ󣩡ţîãȣߣ磨δ򣩡꣨ϣ磨
ԣʱʱıø棬һ֮еʱ
ڵ֮ʮФʮÿФв֮ɣţ޳ݡƢ޴޶㡢޵񡢺ΡȮ޳޽޲Ҳ
ʮФʱһóɹ֮ǿ˵κδʮǿ
⸱ʮФͼǲ֮˵ͼһʱƶĴǿ໥ϣ߶ͼǿ۳飬Ծ춯ء
ͼһ챦ǽʮФФвã뵽ƳУ˵Ƴڹӡʱдƿʱ֮ߴһǷܲı仯
Ժпֳһͷ
뷨̫ˣȴ̲סӿֳ
ʮФû˵ҪФͼФֲͬ챦ҪںһĻ˴˱ԴͬǲܲӲ˼䡣һ˲ܲȥ顣ܳɹ֪ὫФεȵز
ȫֵóԣҲȥԡʧûӰ죬һɹ׾ͽӵһΪǿĵơ
а
һʮФͼĶһ۸ȷʵˣҪǧѫ㣬⻹ǻƽײΣһҪϵղܲɱ䣬Ҫʱ֮ʮФ֮
ûԥһ䣬⸱ͼѾһ
ңϸħ֣̽ʮФͼڱУҲֻôһݣȻǲǻͼ½УǲΪ֪˭
ĶһһܷɹҪȵشܽ飬в㽫ʮФͼˣ㽫ͼΪһǿƣڹؼʱ̷ӳ䲻Ч
ܳɹʮФʮΪ߶ͼô˵ϣԶչ¶

ϣһ죬֣ǾǴǰδеĴ֮ʱ


931 
ħбָıֱӦоУʮڹѫ㿴һʾ˵֣ʵħǰȫ⵰Ƿ֣ȡҲֻһС֣ͬɽһǣֻۣǴŵɸѡ½жһҪȫڷǰ֪ж١
ħ⣬ʣı⡣
ҪռȻҪٶû⣬ɡ
Ȼл챦Ϊȵѡ
磬ξѡ챦ǹȻȱԣС׼סЩһƷ󲿷ֶͽժ¥Уժ¥еǿѾγɣǳ׺գϱã󲻶ʼնƶ
֪УʮڵĹѫѾĴ
ȴǶһ˴ͼֽЩɲͨͼֽиֻͼֽд͵սͼֽȵȡȻͼֽʲôؼǻҪνҪġ

йѫȫһպҲɵ³һڳ
ڶһˡҲʲôɵ飬ƣ̲ס
ûгɣڻת̧ۿգɫٴοʼתʣһҹ٣ɻҹĹ
˵ֻҪħսûг׹رգսͲֹͣʧɱ¾ʼջң˵ÿһҹдʿ䡣䣬ҲǴҹŵ
ս˵Ѫȡ
ֻҪҹǿ߲սճǾ̩ɽġ
жڴ׽ʿʮšɱĵңţϵһɱҹټͶǿ߶ϮɱһβɣȻ֪ٴϮɱĳɹʾԲߡûǿϮһЩҹܾţֵԲ⡣
ϳǽ𡣡
ЯֶͤеУѯʵ
˵
ЦЦǽоʦǶţҴ׽ʿҹķǿĹƣƲǽˣҲָֻȥȥûʲô̫𡣡
ŮҲһĨ⡣
ħսѾҪرˣǽøһǰף֪Ѽܷǽáº¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
⻰ڵģͬҲ롣
ԭڵЦЦǾܷģѼºͣңҸã֮УֻĻʼվЩ̫į˵ЩĻ强˶ûУȥѼ᲻ӭܸˡֻҪȥҾһˣ֮У໥ֵģЩ׽֮ˡ
дŸ̾
֮У涼ʱʱҪٵ⣬ȥڶǲɵӾǰ׳գ־罫ʱϣĻӼʵĶǲ֪Ҫ϶ٱȻѼԸһԣҲ顣
ļҽƷУĿ޿޵ġ
ĸµػ
ǾͺãҲԸΪֵò졣ˣ粻׵ͷ˵Ȼô˵ҲʶĸֳһĨ֮ɫ
ģһжõġ
Ц˵ħжһٺöһΪµ԰챦Ҵ֮ڣһڰٻȪʺŮ޽ݣżĺôŵʱһΪýõġ
ʿ̤֮·ںܶණй͢һŹĻкܶණֱӰϡ
ȻҪǹĶǿɾͲܱȡ
һС˾ܵа˼ɻ䣬ʿ֮䲫ɱɾͲСˣ䣬ְֲϣ˴ĿġȻһԲܷ
û˭̺з顣
¡¡
ٴһҵɱѪڳţսٴοѾɱʮֲҡڣЩֻǸǰһûʲôıʡ
һûԥ漴ʹһȥ
ɫǴɫˣ

ʱȻţ֪УѾٽħսرյʱ̡
⼸쵱Уճǲûгʲô̫ıʣ˵ƽȵĶɹ
սڵѻѾȫոһΡҪĹߵĻжҪֱֲȥ
һ죬ո
ҹʧˣһҹ֮侹Ȼȫˡ
ǰϻڹսǣвҵɱһɱϳǽôͻȻʧѵǸտʼһֱӴˡ
ڰʱһʿ⣬ûҹɫ֣ԺĿƬĿÿһȴȻ֣ԭĸҹܴȻҹɫУϢʧˡ
һ㣬˾ȡ
ħսҪرˡ
ڼյĻ棬һĨɫ˵
ֻսҪرգЩҹܴŻʧȫսҹӱҹûзֻһ̽ڱ˴˫һν档
ҹʵɲ⣬ʵ˵ãѾҹ̽鵽٣ս϶ɱٵ콾
սرյʱǳٶҲǹѸ١
ڸʿΪҹʧеʱħսϿգ׵ĳ컨׹ݣţУһ˸ɫصľ޴񵥸֡ʥϡ
񣡣
ڰ񵥳ֵһɲǣĸʿ׷̧ۿȥ¶֮ɫںϣֵɲǣһȻȻĸսսκκν䣬񵥣Ҳܸܵǹĺɲ⡣
ڰϣһֿ˸糱Լ䣬ƺʲôҪֱ֮ӿֳ
ʱ֣Ӧսرգȷ½и֮ŵ˵ǰéߣؽõ˵컯
վڳǽϣŰ񵥣¶ɫ
֪θ컯ģǶ壬ֱӶÿһʿж͡
аԳ
ĳ֣һ˿ڴ
һοʱֵٰ׵Ḷֱ́ӵõʮ֮һ֪Ƕô컯տʼˣӲҪ˵ѹʱ̡
ŵ˵壬ǰУȻнģҪη䣬пֱӰͷ䣬Ҳ˭ֵܷ࣬ĺôԽ컯Խǿ
һʿ׷Ŀ񵥡
棬ȻɫĹ׭֡
壡
ף塣
ѫ㣺ʮһǧѫ㡣
û⣬ڵõŵĹѫڰ֮λλϣ̩ɽûκ⣬ֱռݰ֮λ


932 컯
⼸УҲƴҹаħɱҪܵĻȡѫ㣬ϧƴҲûа취ֲ̣ٵҹʵսٵҪǿ󣬸ͣɱֵԶҪ࣬Ҫѡ
£ô׷ϵ
ο⵱УֱţĹѫȫκ壬ЩҲܱţҪȻ˻Ҳ׷ϲռݰ֮λԤ֮е顣
̫ˣ֮λ壬û뵽徹Ȼܹռݰ֮λΪ֮ףֻʵʸ֮ϣؼǴʵʵڵĺô
ǰסȻйһĻΪʲôҸоһ޵ĸо
ȻռݰףпԺĴøӼѣּѣԸܡ
̫ҪϢˡֻҪڣǾμѣ⣬ֻҪ𣬾ûκܹ塣̫Ҫˡ
ֻҪһ裬վָܴ漣
Ȼ壬ǾȻԴ˶Ĺѫ㣬ѵűǴݻ٣ǣգƽʱ֣ҶҲαš
塭
콾УȴһĬգвʣҲ֮С
Σռεİ֮λǲʲôҲ֮ϣֻ˭ܹںġǣҲʵʵڵĺô
ˢ
ûκγɣֳһ󣬶ʱͿԺϣȻ䣬һɫһ֣æڳֺ󣬷һ趯Уʧ
ˣض͸ˡ
˭սϵʿܵʲôô£һ𾪣˴ĲһˣһĹˣˣ磬ˣֻҪգǾͻˡܻ˵ıӡ
ԽǿȻ濴ʲôУ콾˲ŵļʾͻӣǵǿߡҪһûˣǺʣͲԶˡκ׵ĵһˡ
壬ǰʮǰһٵ壬ֱһûգ뵽Ե˵УȻЩȻ޷õͰڶĲ࣬ʮֹ֪Ƕô޴
ӲҪ˵ǺģÿһΣȡ˶ʮ֮༫
ָоÿһ콾ʿгԵһֲƽĸо
ħսϵĸ壬˵ٵĶˣֻǶٵ⣬սҹɱ½־ԣǾйͣйأˣĺûǸʲô
ӵ˲࣬ӣԣž޴ĺô棬εġţȴ˭Ҫԡ
ˢ
ͬʱӺϣȻ䣬һ⣬Щٵĳħսʿ˽ȥⲻһ壬ħսʿЩаġ
ඥ
ֻһɲǼ䣬ʿ̲סзһ
ں͸оܵԪһɹصȫǳ򿪣ƺһ̣κڡչ¶ǰ
ָоܵԪ糱ˮӿڣңĹҪԼ߶ԼѾʼתתͼȻ֣һɹصϷԴԴϵ뵽ڡԭȣû۳صʿ˿̣صķļۿɼٶۣԲ˼ٶ
Уûκξ־
˲Ϣ䣬Ǽʮöķı۳ңЩķһģһģȴ𡣾ͺʱһ̣ͻȻȥǼһΪ磬ȻȻľͻˡܶûпٳϵʿһ̣幦תȻȻģ빦Ӧһ£򿪡ϱԴѸ
ֱ۳ǳ
ЩһȻȻɱ䡣
ٶʵ̫ˡ
쵽޷ܵĵز
ԭҪϵͻƣȴ׾ٵͻƣеĹؿڴ˿̣ǲڵһ
棬ʵ̫˼ˡ
һ컯ħսϵʿһĪ컯
ʿΪĲͬõ컯Ҳж٣ֻܶͻһС׶ΡЩֱͻһ󾳽磬ڲɱ䣬Ϊƾˡ
ÿ˵õ컯һ
ͺñС
ͬõ컯
ڵΪۿɼٶ
ңûκġڵġڷתÿʱỵ̈дԪתΪ֮񺣡
ͬʱصϣȻȻͼ֮ڣͼ̵ĵԽԽ࣬ʵĻû
ңˣڣһɹĵ糱ˮۡ
̾е£Ծ˵ٶ۳һöʵ顣
öص۶ɡ渡ֳصţöǰһ㣬ڡѪдСգۼ䣬ͽ뵽֮ڣȻը
ȻľʹһϿռ䡣棬Ȼһ֮Ϸת
ϣ
УȻԿһ̥ڳɳ֮Ϸ̥УҪƽʱҪջۣϻ£׳ϱԴŽ̥ǳɳɳΪһo顣֮
ƺصϣ۳飬տٳϣֱָԴϣһɳͳǧ硣ʮ档֮ǰٳȫƣ۳˵İԵֻҪ̥ɳκƿء
ֻҪɳ֮УɴУû֮ԵסҲˣɳһΧڣûʲôͨ˺鿪ٳΪǿĵط
ϱԴҪɳȻҪʱõģķѸԴڣȴۿɼٶȳɳɱ䣬£ÿ䶼ڱ仯̥ڳɳ
֪Уʹӻƽɱ䵽סϱԴõ
Ⲣûн
ǵŨڣ·ɴ֮Դصϵʵ̫ǿˡԴԴϵĵٴλڡ
£Ȼûжãһöڿۡ֯
öҲûֱͣӷ˳ȥ뿪񺣣ڣһѪдС


933 
ö鴩ʱܸܵдݳһ˿˿аĸоʱڵѪԼݳһֵԸС
öƺѰʺٵҲʺٵĲλ
ʼںλͣһ£뿪ˣѡ뵽ҽ֮Уըĵ˲ͽһȫµϿٳһϿռУŴ֮ƺܿ׳ڻۣһе̥ټȡһݣѸٳɳ
ϣ
ϿٵһɲǼ䣬ȻȻһѶϢѾԺС
̥Ȼһһƿȫͨҡ
öڿٳҲͬڷٳɳ̥ÿ䶼׳󣬶ɱ䣬ɳٶ۶ܿġתۼ۳ǳ
ظĴ컯
ûнжռݰ֮λĹʵ̫ˣõ컯ȻҲģܿԴԴϵĵ±£ƺٴ۳ļ
ΪͻͽɱĹǰ󲻵ġ
ӵһһӡḶ́ڣȴصඥ£׵߸ֹ̣ȴǺģ޼ɵͺһ˲ǧ꣬ΪĹУĸ򣬵ϵᣬκ⣬ĳԺС
䣡
֪УöѾۡǰһö۳ûκγɣ뿪񺣣ڴУһΣܿҵ˺ʵĲλֱͣȻըķĿٽ֯һ
һεķУԴݳһּΪĺ
ϣ
Уͬһ̥һöȻǱϡ
ڽٳϣһɹĵȻȻĳѪ͸ںϽȥϵĿ٣ÿһΣǶһδϷ룬øǿ󣬶ңѪӦһĿԡɡתʡսøǿ
еˮдУһԣκεˡߣo٣κ谭ͨɱ˵ֱ½ʮɵܼɡ϶Ͼ˫ޡ
ڿٳϺУûټµϷ֮飬ٴݷԪΪһɹ֮Сͼ
˿̣ܿϣбԴԷ˵ٶӣٿԽһΣǳ֮ӳǳͶӰ
СУ飬ǳ£ÿ䶼ڱá
̶ʱڣɺܶʿҪ꣬ʮɵĹ̡ϴﵽͬĲΡ
ͬʱԿϣ׷뵽ͼͼ֮ڡ
ͼһɲǼ䣬ܿͼȻɢһϲõϢȥ󣬶ʱͿͼУɱʵȻһһһɢƣʮͣһԵԽӵǿ
ʵ۷
ʣϵ룬ͼøӵԲ۳⣬еʵõ
ͼ԰ݸΪһ壬Ϊͼһ֣ͼǿ֮ѾͼͻƣҲһġûɿԴԴϵͼͼԽԽǿ
֪УиоƺѾҪʼͻƣﵽླ֮
ָоʮ
ླʲôѾţʵѾʼɱ䣬ͼʱͼǣ֮ླһֱƿأͼƿأܱ֮򣬶Ϊ
ǵģ
ླ־
Ҳ۳ͼֱӵϵͼжǿжǿ
ԣϻͼΪླ¸βι̣;ճǲǲܶʿѡͼƴĴĥͼøǿķܸ࣬ǿ
ҪǱĻ
ǾͼΪ֮ԴΪе֮أͼе̣ͼںϵḶ̡́ǲתģһȥ൮Ǿ뷨ܲɷ֡
̣ա
ΪһֽḶ́ǳĿʼ
һʼͱҪ١ңʮ־ˣһȲͻᱻٺ촷ۣ䣬궼ֻתֻأԭȵļʲôģָܱ½ΪܣܾѶǰļ䡣ٵңȻҲ˶ģЩ˺ɾͿԶȹ٣Щǿֵⲻ»Ϊһҡ
Ҫڴ˿ͻƣеĻ٣Ȼη壬Щ飬׼Ǻõġ
Ҫͻƣ֪ǺûǻһླҲζ̤µ̣һȫµ硣˵ִ䡣
йǡ
½ոںʱ´ķӡʱླ֮ϵʿǿߣǲܳģҲǣܸԤı仯屻¾Ҳ֣ܳҪȻͻᱻͽ䡣
ླҲһɶ͵ġ
ոտʼͻƣ۷࣬Ȼںǡ
ԣླҲΪСΣֱǣ飬꣬ǡΣһη飬ɷ飬ͼԣ۳ķࡣ
еʿͼ۳һڵǺʣ⣬۳ķһڵֻǣڵлԣɹ٣黯ʵζţ⽫Ƿ̥
Ȼǽǣ̥УΪһ壬ӵзذΰƿͼƿһ
̣֪һʮּѵḶ́ÿһںϣĪΣա
෨һףľ־ȫںϽȥ
һе͵סⲿֵ־˶飬ΪС
ʧһΣһشͻƵļʾͻʧܼΣͻơ
ҸоͻƵĻӦٲ֣ǾУ¡Ψһĵľǳɾͷླ᲻ķӡʼ𡣡
Ϊĵġ
һӡЩǿȫûƵĻڳʣὫŪĸӻңЩǿ߳ɱɵƻԲڵսģ㶼пһƬôݲŪʬҰ˲ء
ڵĸ֣᳹׷ת䡣
øոĴ˵޴ĶңɼĲԣҲδػʲô¡˭֪Ŷյ̬ΣܷΪ档


934 ླ
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ѾڱУҲͻƣ콾컯ǰһͻƵԼͻƣ˻ͻƣյĽһûκˣˮڣοֿܲĲ²ѣпܸͲᷢ
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935 컯
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ңֱ뵽۷Уûͬʮ֮һļѣɣȻľںϡ
ĺƺȱŸԵĲһ
ڵһɲǣԭõĲȱûжֻ书ЧʮٱĵܳشġֻҪĹУǾܽΪص֮
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УʱͿУһεѹ糱ˮϯʿ׷̧ۿա


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ںԺУȻԿֻǲһˡ


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ȻÿһųǶгǽģûгǽĳУͬǲյŮᱻȺ̵Ҷʣ¡ΨһһǴصǡ
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938 ʿ 볤
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ЩãϾǰһĴѾ˭֪׻᲻ҲܶˡǾһֱˡ
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ѪǶƷ˵ʮֵ˷ܣֱǺľͷȡЩаħѪʬԴԴϵ뵽Ѫȥ
Щʬ壬ÿһߣٶ񺣾ڲεǿߣܶ඼ϾѪǣĳש࣬ԿЩõۿɼٶ黯ʵʵڣڴϣٶȣʵ̫ˣֻǣɫȴһƬڡ


939 黯ʵ
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Ѫ黯ʵĹ̿쵽ˡ
ÿһʬѪĿ飬שɣô׽߽λϣѪۿɼٶɱ䣬̫ˣѪǶԣһױȵʢ硣ЩƷɲֻ֮࣬٣ÿҹսҹ֪ܲж٣ǲ
ʱУճǵҹаħʬ壬ǸڣжռţٽתƣʬոȥС
ڵʱѾҪѪףΪǿĲƼڡ
ױ߾Եɳ֮һĽǣڳǽϣȻԿڽⷽԲǧ⣬õѪܿõĳǽۿɼٶѸɱʵȻɫģɱʵĺ󣬴ӴԺսʿûа취ٴóǽ׿Խ̤׽֮ڡ
һɱѪɫѪǷӳǿʱ̡
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˵ܹѪɱ䣬Ƕš
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ϾֻģΣݵλϣǲռݾԵơ


940 󳯻

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ֻ֮Уһ࣬мǿĴ͸ľʹݵÿһʿУдеĳ׷׿ʼ˳ݣϹǰ
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֪УҵȳҲ׷׵ִ
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׵ڱУǴ׵ʵԶԶҵǾӵʵ˵ǰδеǿ󡣵ʱһǰӪסԱ⣬¾пƾ٣գֻҪ㹻Ĳܣܴӿƾӱһ֮Ǹְλκġ
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Ȼ鲻˵ԣǲѲϵ
УҪɳѹǧҰڻҰдڵ岿䣬ݣֹǽɳǽһЩ¹ƨͨν˲šִƣʣ϶⣬ⲻǺƽʱÿ춼ٸָΣա
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пë죬Ҳ¶һ˿ϲ
׿֮ʱë컹棬岿ߣ粻֮࣬Ϊ׵İѰһݰȫĻ
⼸´׾ǰħսûжԸפвַҲëŬ޷Ĺ
书ͣȻ
Ѫִ׽򣬲һ̶ϣľ޴вѹһΧڡɲĥëĹ͡
лϡ
ë¶һ˿ϲá
ëԼԭҪһչѧȻҪΪеĸ߲㣬ͷأҲǱе뷨ΪΪ棬Ĺ
λҲһϢϵ岿Уܶ嶼Ҵ׵ĸƷʮϲҪСͨޣñ˴˵ϵСȻеĲ䣬ǱĲ䡣
ë쿪˵


942 еȷ
ǶĴ壬Ҳ׵ĻеУĻͶûôɵЩ壬ϣҲǿ壬˵ǴǿʵԾĽڷڴǰߵϡ
οУӵ̫岿ҪĶ
ңٱ磬Ʒ׵ȵƷԽճƷԽҪҲϡȱƷЩƷ塣
ԣڿеԸܶ岿鲻Ҫ
ëҲ岿ҪеԸȷеĵص㣬ԼеչЩȫҪԵͷСеɳѡһڴ֮ѡһλãЩҪϸ׵Сڱ˴˼ҵƽ㡣
УǲԿʼˡ
Ҳ׵ͷʾͬ
ҲеʱѾ죬ҴףѪѹ߽пǴźܶûеĺöزֻܵõġУܻܱԴϵǿҴ׵ĵ̡лԴԴϵ档
Ѧǰһ˵ɫҲһ˿
пȻ⻧ΪˣΪ״ԴԴϵ棬ȻеǮƣӣЩǿüĺô
Դ׵ķչ档ȻǼͬ
пԿΪҴеĸɳǣʺΪеĿص㣬λãһȫµɳǣҪʩֻҪһλþͿԡɳУȫԲðնУרΪ彻׵ĳء
ڼ˵
лУȻҪ໥֮оȫҪɳ֮ڣ壬˭ֻ¶ܽţս£еĴͻúܼѡ˵
½һɳǣרΪж
УΪ˽нף໥֮以ͨޡҪľפأΨһ֮˴˷ģңеĹǶ˫˫ϿɲС
ҲûпʱѾ죬мȻ岿һʽӴǽһɳǣΪгأȫСңҽ飬ɳвҪգҲҪʿԼʱ䣬пʱ岿ͬʱǰɳ֮ڣ彫ʿսʿһͬפأͬʱѲӣٻУ֤еĹ򣬹ƽ˫פܱ֤˴еĽĽ͵̫ܵ͡Ӱ졣
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ƽʱȫɳǱһճǡֻеضʱ䣬ŻῪУӭӸʿͨ޲Ҫġ
ڼҲͷʾͬ
漴س׷׿飬ûе뷨𽥷
е׵ͷܺãȻˣеﳹ׶£½һɳǣɳǣѹҰΪĿģֻڻнףΪһڣҴ׿Щ岿乲ͬפɳǡɳǣҾΪǡɳǣҪ֣ĴڣΪ˿С

У£Ҫëǰȥ֪ͨ塣飬ֻʵѡ
ٴοë˵
΢ʲá
ë¶һ˿ţԥĴӦ
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ʱǰһ˵
뽲
пͷ˵ϵıҲͼ֡
֮ǰҾѾ˵ҶԹٳ֮Ѿû̫Ȥٳ;ѧ㹻ҺķȥԣΣҴְλְλʵȥ
Ц˵ɫһ㶼ûǿǿЦı飬ȫһѵ̬
ͱʾԹٳʧȥȤѧҪҵڹٳϣֵһѪȥ֮ǰҲΪлûкʵѡоʱˡ
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΢΢һ¡
ԲߵΪ飬Ǿ飬˵֡
˵ʵڣҪ뿪Ĵ弶ڳϣ²˵Ƕ룬žصã;ٳǿǿҲеԸ
ȻΣջǵͷȻ;ҲǿҴӦˡ
£ʱͿڲϣһεӡ룬ţͿһö覵ĹӡڷɳĹӡ
ְڣӡȻ޷ƹܡ
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пöӡ漴ë죬˵
΢ڡ
ëʱǰ̤ڴ롣
գëʹ岿䣬Ϊп²ĥĹͣ뷷Ϊ飬λһƷϣԺΪĹ
е³һһ֣ǰѾһ˸žŲ֮ɫİ񵥣ɢһɶص
ȻǷ
뷷⣺ëΪ顣λһƷҵλ
п뷷⣬ڷϺȻֳһ֡
ڰϣȻͳë֡
Уӡ棬ϹâһʱͿһεƾճ֣뵽ëڡͬʱëڣһ˿ȻȻУţɵڣΪһëһģһķࡣ
ң뷷˲䴫ס
һε£ÿһʿСָоʮ档
ͬʱëԸоһε糱ˮӿڡԼڵĹҪתԼתΪڷӡԪƽʱʮ
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ëдϲ֮ǰѾ˵뷷ܵõ˷о֪ĻҪ棬ң˼ӳ£ٶȣƽʱҪʮ
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˲Ϣ䣬ܿëڵϢۿɼٶȷǿٶ̫ˡǵһεõ˷Ī컯
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е˿һ΢ЦָоҲȻ֪ʲôĸܡ
˷ܵõ˳ôȻ档
Ŀã۾һҲ𺳡ֻĿãǶżĳ
ãëڵϢʼƽȡ
ѵĵһʱ䣬ǹлë죬л뷷⡣ëԸΪЧڡ
䣬̺־˭ܸܵġϣҲʸ־塣
ãƽӦõķֻ͡ҪвܣҴУκʹ͡
׵ͷ


943 ѡ
йͣдؾ
Ǵף˵ԭйͣ˭ĥˣѫ㣬ݵλǮƱһ٣д󣬱ض׷йͣд򷣣ͷ֮Ȩ⣬ô׾֮Ĳ¡
ڲ뿪ٳҲû
ϾѧҪԣһҪǸҪֻҪĺãǲѧͽΪеһʥأ֪ᱻʿĽң˵߲ٵδйְͿԳģѧڴס
ŮǴҪʲô飬ѵ᲻Ӧô
Ұ벻Ұûʲô
ңѧ֮ݣҲܵõˣǣ֮ϣҪһƷ֮ϡλ
㲻ڳãѵ˭ҶԲ߲
ë죬Ʊ磬粻֮˵ݺ˷Ķ˵ɻģݺҳжʹӭְ𣬻мְ񣬲Ѿʼ»ְܵĴ㡣ëΣԲκ⡣
дţҴףҲܶġ뷷⣬γϽСЦſ˵
ĲܣħսϵĽ̸ӴУ̸УĸܵҲǾʷ֤ģȻԵõ֤
ʷ˵ô¼У֪ˮ׼ʲôΡ
˷׷׿֮ǰѾҵڼǿ֪˭֮ںܶ˶ԣİҲǰԺ档ԣֱ뷷⣬гӶκʷܵõı
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Ҫ֪֮ʱڣǾصģûҲ£㶦ľ棬¼Եκְλ
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ҡҡͷһְλΪʥġƶȣȻƶȣǾҪأңнĵ·Ȼչˣ˳йͣд߱طһĳ֮Ϊ
ȻЩħսڼ˵ĽӴڴһЩƶȹ˽⣬ȻףôܲԴ˽⡣
Ȼ֮УڳϣҪؼ㡣ң飬ˣܵõλáǽ˳ͷأһ㣬󻢾õӣСֱӳΪʮФţսŵľųһ졣ڵ꣬˭벻н졣
Ļۣ£û˭˵ĳĻ
һ㣬ԼвܣѾǽϵκ˽УǾǽϵҪеǱҪ޻˵ңٶ뵽УõķȻӴ׵ĹԴ׵ķ볯áһʵǣ޻˵;
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ϲ׼пƾôãô˻ᣬμӿƾ١ɿƾ߳Ȳƻ׵ĹأҲúúһĲѧ
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У˵εĿƾ٣ֻǿѧֹ̣ףҲֻڿƾռСЩˣǲ۲磬н֣ܳһ׽֮Խ֪ӿֳĶӵһ֮˲š
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һ̣ҲûԥֱӱʾҪμӿƾ١ֱӽ뷷⣬Ҫֱӽ뷷⣬˵Щ̫ءοƾٶѣɲ£ֲרſ徭֮ġҪģѧ
ãȻˣǹͲǿƾûż˭ԲμӣֻҪĲֳֻܱһڣҲѡӱ
Ҳ׵ͷǵѡ񣬱ʾ⡣
ãڣĵһοƾپԲΪһ־硣ôѡ˲šҪġ
һس׷׿ڣûʲôģҲˣĴڣͨѶĳ֣øɳ֮䣬ȫһ塣
һʲô飬ܿͿԴķס
ҪǰŴ⽨ʱһڵطϿ£⼸ǲܵ顣ԣһ㣬ֻҪǰ׳գ
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ԴˣҲǰԵͷ
˿УҲܸܵ⼸У˵ȫһַٷչ״̬С
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Щգȡ̤֮·ѡּΪıֶΣÿһȻĳÿնб仯ÿնн
˵׽ڣĵĻۣӽˣѾʼŻɫɱ䣬ڴ󲿷򣬶ѾɫĵˡˣԴԴϵ׵ƺС
ԿƺޱߣһɫƺвϵĴ̾ϣܸǬ
ڶ̶ʱڣô״һָ߷չ״̬С
ųĽУһЩΪвڶµѸٵõ
֪УѾҪ硣
󲿷Ҳ׷׵õлվˣеѾˣǸǰӪˡ
Ҳζεĳᵽ˽
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Ƴ˶һۣжһĨɫǿû֮ǰ˵Ժܳһʱ䶼ҪΪԴǡҪȥӪȻɲв뷨
ûгɣֱڴд򿪿ռš˽ȥ
ڣ˿ҲǷ׷׸̤˽ȥ
Źâһ䣬ʱͿ򣬾ӪڵλǰеѾƾճ֡
ΪӪڣǾصأͨվסԣһ£㲻֡
ӪҲʼնһС˶ԾӪڵ龰ֺ̽·ھӪ֮ڣǾһ硣ΪӰ졣
˿̵ľӪɱ֡
ڿɲǵĻƽһƷڲ֪УΪ챦
ӪĹЧνǷ췭ظı仯


944 
Ӫ챦ڻƽʱѾʮ졣
ھӪڣνǬ֣ڻƽһƷʱʮˣңл̺ѵأܻѪɷӪ֮ڣѵȻȻĵѪɷǡ׳Ѫٶȡھž޴棬ܼ֮ġ֮޷̽Ӫ֮ʵͬһ㡣
ÿһƷӪڵĿռ䶼ᱶ
һƷʱʮ
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮ
Ʒһʮ
Ʒٶʮ
Ʒʮ
Ʒһǧٰʮ
Ʒǧʮ
Ӫ˵ǿ󣬾ˡȻӪûսģս͵챦ʣڸ챦УҲʮ档˶Ĵ֪Ӫ棬һԣã޿ġ
ҪɱĻҲô򵥵ġھӪ֮Уһ걮걮ѪɷġͬǾӪĺġ
ҪǾͱҪɱ¾걮ͨѩɫģҪѪ걮Ⱦ죬ȾѪɫܵõɱ
Ⱦ걮Ȼ˵ֱõ˵Ѫ걮Ⱦ졣
ǾӪеĽʿɱУȻȻ۳ɷɱԾ걮Ӧɱ˶٣걮ɷͻ۶٣ΪѪ⣬ž걮һԲȻ걮ųɳӪҲȻõɱ䡣
ԴӾӪĴս˵ǽϣÿѵУ޹ɱڻҰϡȻӪƷʼڲϵɱ
Ѿﵽס
׸棬һƷʱھӪڲռ䣬׾ٵǧ
ҪǣӪڣֳһСռ䣬ÿһСռ䣬һСӪ̺ѷɫʩÿһľŶסһ𣬲Ѳܱ֤㹻ء
ͺñǸţ񣬾ͷֱӵԼĶӪھӪ֮ڡ
˵Ӫ֮أһ컯
Ӫ
ĿþӪƳ϶¶ɫЩĳȻ֪Ӫȴûнֻо˲ʸ롣ȻǶԣԵЩء
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ûǾˣûʸӪġǾõĽ
ֻϾĿɲᡣ
ûоһƷҲԽȥ
߰ɡ
пһۣ˵
漴̤Ӫš
ھӪǰûĽ㹻ֵһУҪ
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ܿȳǰģһƬ㳡ĳءһӪ
ܿʿгĶУŸѵϰУڱ˴˽йɱѵҲս
һһǹɷڣڵĿģΪɱ¾Ϊ˲ϵɱ¾ֱӵķʽԷɱǹɷʴ˵
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ڽӪһɲǣ϶¶һ˿
գһƬѪ죬ܵĹâһְɫʱܸоڵѪڷѪдݳһֻĸо
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ѹ־Ӫ˽ֻɷ˵һΪģܵϮֻеõӪϿɣӵоݣѪɷˡھнʿԣֱһʥأһǧ
Ũɷ֪ЩɷôγɵģǹսδŨӴɷ̫˼ˡңƬռ߼ʡ
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ӪռУܿһ޴ʯʶ
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ȥһ£ԥ
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ǰھӪг䵱±ѵ֮£󲿷ֵĽʿǴѵȥģڴ˿̣߳Ľʿһ׶ҲԲԭѵʿ
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̫ˣ⵽жٽʿЩʿҪѵսףǾǼΪսʿսɱеϱôôࡣ
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ڶԣѾһٸ󡣰һһˣһң꣬սʿԴԴϵ߳


945 ս纣
ааȻǿ󣬽ЩҹǿжȻΪսʿҹܣңȵĿЩսʿѾӡΪЧңΪЧ־Щǿʿսʵ̫ˣôġ
ڼһĨɫ⻭ʵ̫ˣпתҹܵ飬֪ģֻҲ벻Ч˾ˡ
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ģԲһСĿ
ѹ֣ѹϸҷųԣѪǳۣɲñԴκ⡣ֻ£һʮ־˵֡
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ҪǿɣӾֱӵı֡
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ЩǴ׵ľӣˣӴʣ׵ʵգۼѾ췭ظı仯תʵ̫ˡ
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ζţڴУûκԺеݵλûκơӣԶҳϣǽģһ¶⣬ԵľԼµЩ¡
˿̣ҵж¶ӼĿ⡣
˷ܡ
ηǧľս׳ŵûᡣ
ţűšǲҪԼľŴĸǿţõѡ
ĩ׼žŽʿֻþӵиӴ䱸ȫı֡Ӧһмս
ҵ
ĩΪžţڱС
ݼ̹Ҳ׵ͷ
һŶʮĿ٣δĴսѣʮе㱡ǰ˵Ϊ⣬ǧڷǰڲʲôʱ򷢳
ϣΪŶʮĹģȷʵЩ٣ΪӦδĽսڼΪſţĿΪʮΪޣ̫࣬Ҳ̫١ʮκʱ򣬶ӦԸͻսɸ
ڼ΢Ҳ˵
׼
׵ͷ³һ
УҲΪĴ㡣Ҳ˳ƴӦ
ʮ򣬲಻٣ⲻͨӣʿΪľţһܷӳɾͲǼ򵥵ӵ⡣
˳齨ˮ֪ԸΪҴ׵Ρ
п˳ѯʵ
˳齨һ֧ǿˮֲ׵һ̰塣


946 о
ϣĩԸ⡣㾡һУҲҪΪҴ״һ֧ˮʦ˳ԥĵϥأشӦ
ĿǰǧսһƬȣûλԾܾսû˭᲻Ϊǵ˧Щսȫʱڣһ֧ϸˮΡ
ã㽨µľţΪоţֱӦУзΪţˮţľţһţš˳Ը齨ˮţΪˮžųΪҴ״ˮʦ
΢󿪿˵
ĩԸ⣡
˳м붼룬Ӧ
ĻǰĻôܾܾˮʺְλûѡһ߿ƾ֮·ΪʣԼ徭ֶЩлвֲܣǾӦõʲá
ѡ˭˵顣
˳⣡
ĩڡ
˳ĴӦ
뷷⣬˳Ϊˮžų֮Ϊʮӵиֱ֡кˮ
ҲûгɣͿ뷷
ֱӽоеĺˮŷַȥ
һö渡ֳˮıڰУͬѿһǰһ볯˳˹ȥ
˳лϡԸΪЧΪЧ
˳ǰöСסģһֳΡʮûƿعһΪųŵĽʿеǰ;ϡͬʱҲŴ׽ˮڼϡܲܶԵסΡǽŬ顣
뷷⣬ǰҲַڰϣȻȻ˳֣һŽɵ˷ʱͿ˳ϵϢڿӣϱǡǻ棬ʮ־ˣڣƺнӿ
ϢƺѾʱҪͻƵͼΣй֣һ̣Ҫ۳ͼġˮ澭һ̣ƺʱᷢɱ䡣
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ڵϣħսУ컯£ͻƿٳϲȫ£ҪͻͼѾǽߣ˿̵õ˹壬ԪѪɷԴԴϵڣƺһ̾Ҫͻơ
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ȻԳֽ˳ͻƽǿдѹ
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˳У¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫ֪ΪʲôʱԼͻƣȻ˷ڣҪͻƣɿԣЩ⡣
ȻףҳΪˮŵľųΪһ֮Ҵеϳ˹ѡһ־йԭĹų⣬ศɣΪ͸ǿĵʱھУԸӵӦ֡
пƽ˵
ս䡷롶콫ս䡷˵Ǵ׾бضĹңϳ˹ͳĵʮǿǣս޳κһںϣںһ𣬲ܵκӰ졣
ֻǿ໥¡ԭȵĹͨսϲܵѪɷӰ죬Ǹǿ󡣶ս콫ս䣬ͼ֮ǰȻǸ棬ڸĴǿ
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˳бɻ˲ɢͬʱӿֳһȡսս䣬콫ս䡣Ǵ׾еһֹÿһʿսͬʱҲѡһںһսǿոռף֪ЩҪֹͻͼ콫ս䣬ǶڵҲ
뿪Ӫȥؾѡ콫ս䡷ؾڣκι伮Ҫѫ㣬ÿȡһŹһսҲֻͨͨսزƣǸոռףϻδйѫ㡣׼ʱǷǷĹѫٽ󳥻
׵ͷ
ѫĹƶ󣬾Ҫأڴ֮Уһͬʡ
ѫѵ಻ѵáһսԹڲؾнжһֻҪģҪùѫ㣬ʲô̫ѵ顣
лϡ
˳ٴεлͬʱһйعѫѶϢȻȻĳԺСѾ˾ǷѫܲͲϵġˮ澭ҲˮԵϳ˹ͼ֮иϿ֮ЩһЩĹսͨط˵ܶһһʹѫ㣬ĻǷࡣ
伮ֶڲؾʵ̫ˣңֻвؾûеĹ伮ܶһӦĹѫ㣬ҪеģǾͲٶһһֻܶһһΡ͵ڣȵĲܶһ
ˮҪд֪֮Ƿж촬Ĵ
˳ѯʵ
ڴһ쳤ӣǣˮ벻ˮ϶ҪˮѵˮɱֻǱҪеĹߡ촬ɲһ򵥵顣ӲҪ˵еУͨսˮУƬ̼ͻᱻˮеƬҶʣ¡
óеʳ˵ͨսȥת۾ͻᱻгƬôں㡣
Ȼǲ׵
ҪдңֵܵͨսֵܵˮеĸϮˮҲûа취齨
³ʦɻ촬
п³ʦѯʵ
촬֮ҲоĴͨսҪʺндеսҪƣңҪںϷ󷨣֮ơһ㣬Ҫʱ䡣
³ʦһ󣬿ڻش
촬ᣬǣҪĲͨսֵʿս
ҹлشǿ󣬶ңмǿĹҪϼΪ촬ĻЩѡңǻشͼֽвûС
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شͨսԻ֮УʹսиǿĹЧǣشͼֽûУûͼֽûѧشҪԭ̫ˡ
Ҫ˵սĻһսͼֻֽܲƳҪ³ʦ͹һƳҴףһδ١
ûиеʧ˵


947 ɫս
˵ͼֽǵƳǸոսǴկʱʳħеõģʱ֪ͨƷǺö챦ͼֽ
ͨ渡ֳǸָ
ֻ˵ⶼǹһսĲս
ǸͼֽֽɫսͼֽҲɫۡʮ棬һʣؼ䶥սλǰé
õ֪ͼֽ¹شһй¶ȥ˵ӣʱҲǵڣжΪ
ɫսɫ˵սֻһ֣ǰ֡
ǵģǰսͼֽ
ɫսɫÿһɫһרսӵеҲǸͬģںսΪһľսʺۣ
ⲻˮεսһɫսҪƳˮдУһշУϻˮУȥ硣׾١
ΪɫսǿԣһֱжǽͼֽڱУûóڣиõѡҲѡó
óҲΪ³ʦ͹
ΪսҪĲϲͨϣϵϼɫϼҪ࣬ΪʣȻͲһ׵飬ȡϼΪϣͨϼҪϼ۶ɵĲ֮ʲôǲ֮
ǾԵƲʡ
ԵƲʺѵãƳƵĲϣֻҪ֣϶ǱߣֽƣΪƣնУǣٶȼ죬紫˵յĽƣҲġ֪֮ѵá
һϼ챦Ǿ֯ƻǣ֯ƻ֯ģҲûа취ȡԵƲʣûЩƲʣȻҪɫսͱ޻̸֮һֱҲѹ׶ѣûбóʱҲֻóԡ
йâһһͼֽ֡ⲻɫսȫֻһսͼֽ
³ʦ³ʦҲȲ˹ȥҲԥĿȥһۿ
һ϶¶һǿҵ˷֮ɫ
вʱķ
ϣôƲ֮Ҳ̫ϡˡȥңȥơ
Ȼôԣ̫˲ˣԭ;
ɫսεսɫΪɫʺˮдУٶȼ죬ңˮμǱˮףսȻǺꪡˮУ߰㣬Ժ޼ɣҡ
УˣϣҪǲǲ֮޷սӳǾͲɫս޷߱Ӧеǿս
³ʦ빫ֿţɫƺѾ׳ȥ
ͼֽڱ˿ܿУȴƷ
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³ʦͼֽµݸУûвϣ޷ƣƳҲɫսûսôֻаٷ֮һǧ֮һƣ粻ơܶƣҪԲ֮Ϊϡϣںϡá
Ƕɫսķƣʵǲûа취ĵġ
Ҳͷȷʵ޷ҪĲϲСңҵҪƳҲǲܵġⲻͨս

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Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
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˳óһͼֽͼֽһҲǷһ챦ͼֽ
ӹһһĨɫͼֽɫսǿ󣬿ȴҲһַսңˮУǿս
Ϊ޾ս
κܹ죬͸һֻ޴ľ࣬ңɢΪǿϢˮˮ´У˵ʮְԵһսͬǷսи
ɫսȣ޾սҪĲϣƵĲ裬Ҫ򵥵ĶࡣȫڵĴ׿ԳܵķΧֲҲѰҡҪֻǿĹǲġҪĻеǣԽǿսԽǿ
޾սϣҪ̫⣬ȫƣֻǣҪķһԴѡ
Ŀþ޾սͼֽ³ʦȷսơ׶
ãǾƾ޾սģԺ˵ͼֽ͵ŽµĹѫ¾ͻһʹѫ͵С
׵ͷ
ƲɫսǾֻ˶ˡ
Ҫսɲ׵£ҲһͿɡڶʱڣ˳϶ҪھӪѵˮսҪȵսƳ˵
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ѪɷڲǾ˵ʿԣЩܣһܣ൱ܡѹ֣ʮֲ
뿪·볯С
ŸջͻȻ䣬ֻ֮ǰ󳯻ᶼûгֵĽഩһۣ˽ɨһ۴ٿС΢΢һݼϡ
񡣡
׵ͷ
֮ǰûǰ󳯻ᣬΪзһ£һֱݣո˽ŵһʱںµɫɴϣȴıԺءȻ鲻һ㡣൱ش
Ŷ
üͷһȻ֪ܲС¡
λγ;е壬˵סһ¡ڶɢ˰ɡ
п󣬿˵
ӽûֱ˵ľֹУѾ²пܲʺ̫֪пܹϵʵ̫ء
ǣ
ƳĵͷӦ
ģ˭ɵӣȻӽпһЩߡ
ֻǣЩ飬в˵Ҳ˵Щǲײ֣Ҳ֪ġ
գۼ䣬ھֻʣ뽭ˡ
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Ӧÿ˵˰ɡൽ׷ʲô
һѯʵ
ħ֮ٴοϴŴعʱӫ׹䡣
࿪˵
ӫǣӫģ󡣡
΢΢ü
ӫĵȻӫκʱ򣬶Ų꣬ѡӫ֣Ÿĳеȵȿѡⲻʲôͷ
˵ֻʲô󣬲ʲôʱûʲôǲڵģܵġ
ǵģӫġ
˵ڵõо㣬ܿĶޣֻ֪ңֽ١


948 ӫ
ӫʲôԹӫǣһ֣´ңСֱ֮²ϣӫĳ֣ԣһѵĿʼ
ӫ֣½ǺʣһµѼ١
ȻٵʱǶããƻⶼδ֪ؼû˭֪ɣıؽǰ׹ۡ
Ϊһ֮ûа취ġ
ӫĳ֣ǲħսУ콾ͻླйأӡҪħʼҪɶ֮

ûнӫĳ֣˵ǽⳡøӵĲңӵĿֲ
ֿܣ΢ݣֽ٣֡ε׾ѣɱһֽ٣棬ҿʬǶѻɽ飬
໰ص˵
ЩԤ⵽粻Ԥ⡣Ҳ˶
֪ɿʲô֡
пѯʵ
к֣ܶеиɺз籩ȵȣֵ֪࣬ҲԵ׼ĻԾܵĽΣʧС͡
޷㣬֪ľֽ٣ңεֻ֣ϯһ򣬶Ǹ½ÿֲͬƻȴͬľ޴ʮֲֿûκһطԱ֣ܿܿһ֣ǾͿ϶Ҫڶ֡
ҡͷ˵
㲻ܲ֡
֪ⳡ֣½ںϺ󣬱ضҪһѣںϴĸӰ죬һԵ֣ţͽ½ȫƪ¡˭ⲻˣֲһѡ
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һʵòѣҪ֪ܵʱ䣬Ҳһ¡
޷׼ȷֳֵ֪ľʱ䣬ֻܴŹ㣬ʮ֮ڡٵʱԲᳬʮꡣ΢󣬿˵
׼ȷʱ޷㡣ֻ˵ǾԲᳬʮꡣʮ֮ڣһᷢ
ʲôʱ䣬ȷпܾһ̣пһ꣬ҲпǵʮꡣЩֻܿΣ˭޷ȷ
˵ʮУʱ׼š
Ƭиá
鱨ĳ֣Ҳһ˿ɬѾҪţսΪ׿ڿڼʱᱬ£ҪţпܻۡóȻţδһ¡
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ˮǷѹһ̶ѹ֮
ٴѯʵ
ˮ֮ȷʵأԷˮ֮ѹȻͬභѹƣ޷ֻȡһЧ˵䡣Ǻǻ˵ġ໺˵
ԽɽͼϷˮѹѹΰЩŲȷǶԿصǰһķˮ󣬲۵ѡ֣ǵ硣ģ̫ӰҲ̫
ˣﻹҪտһбʣ㱨Уħսлȡһڼµ챦Ϊضǡضǿ࣬׽ڵĵ仯һ춯ͻ仯ϧڱûҵǣҪȻߺһԽر仯һжƿС
ҡҡͷ˵
ħУҲǱŸ챦ȥġڷֵضʱҪǣǣȻûҵǵټ
Ѿ콾һˣҲսϲڡЩпܵġ
Ѱ޹ֻܷ
ּ䣬ʱͿһӵĵضǳǰ
ضźⴴһźĶʱȽƵźԵв飬Ϊȫ̬оԪ귢˺ضǣҲϵĵһܵضǡʷ֮ȺӡŽ֮δС
ԿضǻȻһ壬˸ŽͭĹ׭Լɽꡢ޵ͼΡڲһͭʶⲿΧŰϣϣϣ˸СͷڲŵеķÿͷһСͭ顣϶׼촦Ű˸ͭܣͷ졣
ĳ𣬶㵹һʹ³ͭ飬䵽ͭॡ죬Ȼ󣬾ͿԽ֪ĸ
ǻʱķ
ǰһ챦ȻǻȻɣңǿضǣԤӦλĵСңڵضԤӦʮǿʮ־׼Ԥ⣬졣
ɽǴ֮·ʲô仯ض϶ܲӦı仯ƿء
һƷǿתǲܵ顣
ĿõضǺ󣬽Ҳ¶һĨϲ֮ɫǺöһ𣬾Ǿ䣬ʵ̫ˡ
лϣеضڣǷйأ϶ڵһʱڼ⵽иʱ׼Ӧ֮
Ц˵漴ͽӹضǡ챦ԣֵ޿ɹ
ʱȥ
֮УֻʣжԶϡ
գҲȨ⡣
ʮ꣬ʮκһʱζп֣ܽһһμѵĴ٣õİ취ȹڵĴ׽ݻ֮١
ʱ䲻ˣУÿһ¶ܷһı仯Ҫ˵ʮ꣬һ꣬и岿ӱҪǵ꣬궼ûֳֵĻռݵĴȻͳױĹ⣬һɶ
йǣСʱĹǲô󡣴˾ƵڲͬսδڴսϣκξпЩһ߽Ԩɲ˼ǡ
գھ޴ķա
ҲãȻŶ֣ã˵ոսУͻֽ١棬δ֪ҲǰԳɲ
˼ãû
ȳ˵Ҫ٣ѪǻԼšһȣÿ춼µı仯ڿƾ֮˵
վѡڿƾ֮
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֮ǰͱ뿪ʼ׼ʣ׼ʴԽ٣׼ľԽӵĳ֡
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ʲôѣʶҪģʿҲѲʳסСǳ棬ҪĴʳѾԹ㵽һֳ֣½ؽ׽뵽Ϊ񱩲ҵĽ׶ΡΪʣɱ¾ʱضᷢ


949 ٹͬ
еãеľǲӦϸһ¡
־ûбҪֻҪ廹ֵ֪飬ȫԽУõĻȡ棬еõصزֻҪ׼ĺãȫԳʱԴԴϵĴեȡĺôƽʱ᲻óıǰǰԥѡó
ʳģʳͨʳסҪĿڻжԸֳֶҲ뿪ʼֽСʵĴھҪʼиãҲЯ˭֪ᷢʲôٻá
£һжпܡ
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һԺиҵ˼ѹȥ
ֻûн٣ǿЩʱ
ˣͷȻֱֶԣУҲҴ
лתûټȥĲܣһз׼ͿԣҲһˮڶѣûе˭֪˭Ц˭ڿޡ
뿪ǰԺҲԵǣ֪¡Ǽ澿ᷢʲôȻҲ֪ԲԸӦòᷢʲôͻûĿãĵ׻Щ

Ŵ󳯻Ļ
һʥּٵĳ׽򴫵ݹȥ
ͨѶڣϢڶ̶ʱڣͿѸٸסЧʣǰŴȫ󲻵ģдŴع飬Ѿ֪ÿһԴȴյĽ壬ħսϾʲôĳɾ͡Ƿˡ
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ʱһʥּ¡
ˣԻħս彻ƴҹаħɱԾԵƣռݺ֮λλһʿ壬ԹŲκǿ塣Ҵףٹͬ죡
һʥּķ˲͵ȼףڸɳУǻȸԾĺźź𺳵顣壬ȻԶð֮λ֮ǰûκζε
ʱʼնǴһƵ״̬СʼնǱĶ󣬿ڣȴƺ׷ת徹ȻϮǿжȡ֮λǶô˼飬Ԥϵ顣
ֱ̫棬̫ˡ
ܶʱһӦʵǻһִ㶣ܵһ֣ⲻڿЦɵͷȻ󣬲췢źˮ
壬ǰף徹Ȼܽȫȥ˵̫ˣ壬κ塣壬ǿġ
ããã岻ǿΣǱڽ£첻磬ǾͺֲֻҪŬУͨҲԱǿߣɱ壬ɱޡ
ҪȻ׵λпܴżȻʵ岻ռƣֻҪǲϱǿһ죬ܽʵûκܹϡ
һź
ЩԸ
еԺһ̣ȫӿֳ׳֮ڣڣһ޷Ķ־ֶ־ÿһ壬˰ٷ֮ٵģδŶ־˭ϣֻһҪվ֮ۡ
վȥˣͲҪٵ
ѣԸΪ֮ŬǸĴҲϧ
¾忴ϣǧв·һ̣֮λ˵У׵ȼһյơ岻ǿֻҪŬǿܹ衣
ȥȾƣ͡
ߣߣߣȥȸʹ졣
죬׼ˮҪˮϯǰ۵ĸֺöóЩ̹޹޵ģûˣԺ󻹿׬˵ˣͬ죬Ǿͺú֡
ۣ¥ۣۣⱾۿҲ򡣲ΪģΪ˸ˡ
ɳУʱ뻶ֵĺУͽһˣ߽¥ˬʹڳԺȡ̼֣׷״ۣ͵ĶﵽۣۿۣȫⱾû׬ͷҪȥһ̣Ȿ϶ЦǺǵġ
ˡҪľеʹ졣

ٹڣݵľĴס
ĻҰܱ߻Ұдڵĸ岿Уɫ൱ѿǲӣȻɳյĻҲΪʲô
ռݺ֮λǲܡһʲôֶΡȡλ
ɶʵ̫ɶˡЩʵ̫ˣռݰף֪ʲôʺˡ
ߣڲŸոտʼȵԺ֪˭ſЦЦģԺδؾͻЦ˵ޣ޶޲
֮ɫÿеĸҲǸͬȻռݰ֮λǳŵ벻мΪʵȫûʸְ˹ʺˡţԺ͵ſްɡ
˵ϢȻͬķӦ
˿̣ڶʥּҲݿ
ˣԻΪѡſض׼ƾ١ƾ֮գݶΪ£ΪĿʵƽ䣬ǹֻҪвܣţɲμӿƾ١徭ֻǿ˵һֶѡϣ°գܹӻԾμӡ
ڶʥּٴԷ˵ٶȳһɳдݹȥ
ʱһȻ
õ֮λʱķӦҲû١Ϊ֮ȸԾ
ƾ٣ǿƾ١Ҫʼƾˡ̫ˣʵ̫ˡҵһѾȵ̫ˡ
ƾ٣ξȻΪĿʵֻҪУһӱܴӿƾո¶ͷǣѡУõãҿʥ͵伮ʮأֵϳˡ
ã̫ˣοƾپȻûκż˶Բμӣֱһʢᰡ֪жٴŴո¶ͷǡ
¶ڴ֮ɫ
ƾ֮ѾԶˡ˵Ѿǽǰ
һɳڡ
һͨլԺڡ
ֻһ۵һھţĻƺ̫ܶӰ졣̧ۿա
ܿ굱һλӣ൱ӢúܶΪ֮ʼĽޡ
ռݰ֮λⲻһȫǺ£Ҳһȫǻ£ûΰ룬Ϳ

ƾȷʵҪȥһۣ׵ĿƾƺĿƾٲһĿʵЩڴ
ζ˵εĿƾڴУܸܵطĲͬգӵϡ
ˣ˿̾ܿŵĺȻһ塪塷


950 Ŀ
ܴ磬ҪҪȥʹһףˣովϾеմ˭³ĵԽ࣬ܳΪףһöĽܶ˶ѾʼĦȭƣ׼ϴչˡ
ʱһˮɫȹŮ˽ϣܸܵһֽŮӵò˵ǧһҲʮֳڣһСұʣ˫۾ƺˮ㣬˿һ˿
Сɣõ֮λȻֵͬ죬մҲһϲ£ЩƾȣҶԣǺ߸ҪҵȴѾõһγͷصĻᡣ
ŮĿҲԵúͣ˵
ܴ磬Ҳ˵ЩвѧҲݽϡܴĲѧƾһǰéңСɻ˵οƾٿɲǽֻĲɣҪּգ˽Ҳǿ˵ص㣬ܴ磬һȥµաҪǶÿףܵõһö˵Ƴĵҩʮ档ƽʱǺܹõһҪȥµ
Сɿٿ˵ȻԵʮԼȴ޷ܾĳ嶯
Ҳ¶һĨ֮ɫշеվðɣȻǾȥƻɡ

һɳڣһ°׳꣬ڷʶƺܸоһɺȻתֻǣôеڡڶͷϣҲһ̥ḁ̇̄ǻЩڵķɫ£ʮĿ°
ĻˣϷʥּҪƾ٣ֻҪץסλᣬ˵ͿԴӱ׳֮УλɵǿɾǹҫİӣĸлȫΪףΪϵʵ£飬һҪҪǴױӣͶˡܹĺӡҪ֪ͼ
һ긾Ů߽լԺ꣬һȰͬʱҲ¶һĨɫ
ģΪοƾ٣Ѿ˺üµʱ䣬ܿƾҪʲôĿҶáҵѧȻҪЧףЧϡûϵʵĸͶˣӵֿԶ飬ĺ
һɫ˵
ãҵĺöӡ
긾˵ͷ˵¶ο

飬ڴ׽Уɳڣʤö١̫̫࣬װ򣬲֪ݷڣ͵ȴһʱͿԾţһɳ죬ƾ٣ڴѾõšΪһ죬ݷ̫ã۵Ҳ̫á
ܿƾôУôţҾһӱǧУÿףõʶ
Ϊ˳ֻҪܴӿƾо٣Ǿ;ԿԽ׳ã˼ӵиٶȡǳ֮ôܲ׷𡣡
һſһ̣¶ǿҵĶ־֪ƾһľţ˳ɹȥģʼֻеС֣û˭һ·
ܿϣͷء
ɳǣҲΪð֮λظ裬ǾָٰףЩ׽ڣϲϢ
ܱߵ岿ȴԵüΪĬ
ڴױ߾֮⣬ѪǸ岿䣬һ˫˫۾ѪǣڳڴݳĻź
ûҲûٶ
ѪǵĴڣ˵һ̶ϣ˱˴˵ϵԭȿԴĽһǵ޷Խȥġ
֪ͨȥ׼ǨƣҰĲԲֻ泤ֽһ˶ⷢսš
иĲ䣬Ĭ
ɳĶĿһҪѪǸˣκϢ㱨ףţΪǸЩϡ
ԲԸǿĲ䣬ȻӦ
ַӦĶС
ʣڴף˭ûκ֮ģԿΪоĲ䣬Ҳڵһʱ俪ʼ׼ǲ¸ͬ׼ŸԵĵơţҪǸҳԻһûǸССѾ̲𡣴ǿߡ

Щжԣû⣬ɴ󳯻Ҳֱĳ԰ȥ
ո̤ȥһЦϴһݺ
ϸȥֻڻ԰УǵǢһ»лСʱʱָŪСͣС־ܾšǽģǵüŮһЦμİЦһɨա
˫֮䣬ȻȻ׽
ңľ¹ӢڳҲڶŪСȫһϲߡ
Сڣİ֮ľ롣
Сɼˡ
棬УҲɵһ˿죬аһͷ
漴ҲЦǰ־ͳС˹ȥһ߿˵õһûˡ
ֽڻУУͺһϡ䱦һ㡣СĶǶйġ
ܸܵһַĵĳ谮ᡣ
ˡ
ĿãһַĵҸϲã˵ƺԾķһУ顣ĵƣҪһɨա
һּҵůо޾İȫʡ
ʱѼˡ
Ц˵
࣬Ҫ˵࣬ȵϷǿɱǲࡣΪģǿôݻҵŷƽ
͵ЦЦ˵
£ǡӦѾʶ˰ɡӦҪΪǽܣֻǣΪ󳯻ԭֻԼʶ
ԴǸĿºǡ
ǵԲҲЩԡ
¸󸾣һļ尾飬ûߣʧְ
Ѽ˺ܺãУСܿɰ
¶һ˿ЦݣСĿһϲ֮ɫ
СϷ·һصÿһˣԾϲ
ΪѼݲ˵Ķʸôһۣ˵ѼҪ÷֮Ӽλãһвǰ壬ҲԸõķ̷㣬ǰѼ˵ҪΪѡ㣬˵񣬲ҵºλãֻиˣ᲻ԺУҲм˵ˡ
˵ɫûκǿ¶һ˿ϡȻǷĵ뷨
Ȼ˵ûд⣬Ҳǲܵģֻǣ˼Ӱǡ
Ҳûзԣ飬ѼȻҲûʲô˴˼ദǢʲôԸ񲻺ϵˣҲȷʵǱȽϺദˡ


951 ڶ
ãããҵĴѼǸҲԡҲЦǺǵĵǸ
һۣҲû˵ʲôֻǿºǵλãȻҶ˷ԺҾһˣҲʲôƶϲĻˡҲϲ֮ڳĶǡԣҲϣҽ֮䣬ܺ乴Ķǣúøôбøǿ󡣲Ҫ˿ǽõЦ
˵ţеǵ֡
еϣºҲһ˿ĵִɢ롣һ˿ů⡣ָоů
ԺҪѼൣŶԡ
ҲЦ˵
ˣλøոǰѡһΪԺסܶ๬ڶλÿѡѡú˽һЩƷ͹ȥԺǵļҡ
ٴ˵
УÿһλӵһȻѡԼϲġУĹ̫࣬ѡ
ѡ֮ǾͿǰȥţӦѾ׼һʢϯΪλһӷϴ˵
֪лһʱ֪ͨأԶ׼һʢʢ磬ԭصĸʳģó
ΪӣȻԼķһѡʳʵԿܵջ󡣶ңʳвɻȱһ֡
ϲʳҲǹѧϰ⿣ѧһȴ֣Լʵûڳϵ츳ʳͲܷ⡣ζֻ˵ǲǿ⡣һ㣬൱һ㡣
λҿǴһ챦֮УȻҪ¶һ޶ķ羰֮ڣҲǧ羰
ͻȻ˵
Բ԰
һ˵
Բ԰飬˵ȴûĿùȻȲĸо
Բ԰
йâһһС԰ֺȻС԰ܿɽˮһвͬɫ԰ֳУȻСɣȴܿԲͬķ񣬸˵ĸоҲͬȥܸܵԲ԰ؼƷ
˲ò̾òΪ֮㵹
ö԰֣ķ羰ĿãҲ¶֮ɫһ챦ȫһƷ
ҾͽԲ԰뵽֮Уӽ԰֣е԰ôôôô档
Ц˵漴ûгɣеԲ԰շ𣬸ţٴ£ȥײһ˲䡣һֲ˼ı仯ˡ
ʵ˵ͬһ챦ɽݱ˿Բ԰֮䣬ȫһȻȻںϡ
ܿۿɼٶȿʼšһɽһͤ԰壬ֱͺһĻи֡仯ʵ̫ˡںһ𣬾ͷ·Щ԰֣źȫ¾¡
ܿͻῴĴСֱӴﵽ֧Ÿǵļ¡Թɢ֧š
˿̣Բ԰ľ²Ÿոչ¶ǧ֮һ
ԳԲ԰Ǿùɳ
Ŀã΢΢üԺеһʱֳһͷ
Ƕýʽ
ҪɳȻҪԴ־ԪñܼȡϣѸٳɳ
йâһȻԿǰһһ𣬺ȻһĽɫɫʮ鶯ֻ۾ԡŴǳϲ졣
ȻʮФеĽ
ûκԥһּ㳡˹ȥ
ˢ
ȥȻȻĿʼգۼ͵ţߣ𼦵һС
飡
أһɳƵĺʱ޳޴ڹ㳡Уûڹ㳡İĿãһ¶֮ɫоһµϣָоǹ졣
ڽص˲䣬ȻȻĸƳΪһ壬ûһ˿϶ͷ·˹ſ£һɹԪȻȻĳŽڻ۹ȥԼ䣬һĽܹ졣ſ죬¡
漴ͳȥ
ͬʱһĵ糱ˮŽڻ۹ȥϽŸ֡
ÿʱÿ̶ڷɱ䡣һ˿˿Բ׳
֮ǰڹ㳡е׷ӦƺԴڽڡ
ţڵʮȻĽһȥýڣһֶصӡƺ˸
ʱٶȣǰֱӡ
ڻ󣬱˴˼䶼һԪϵٶȱ
ǽ
ڽԿһ񲻶ǰ֣㳡С
ֱڹ㳡ܣվķλûʲôʵһĵڡ
ʮǡʮФ
ʮФ챦ôϾȻˣ㳡ʮФ׺ƶòһҸо仯档
Χܶ϶¶֮ɫ
ǲ֪Ф湦ЧƳеԪǻΪֶģƳǽǵõ컯Ф컯
ʮФ񳹵ȫ£ʱпԸоÿһФԪٶȱ֮ʱҪʮڵеӣԷ˵ٶȿʼɱ䡣
ţ֮õߵڣʱһ˻޴Хܿͻ֣ᷢߵڿռУһһƾճ֡ڿ޾еĻ֮֮ΪһɹԪƳȥ
ģһģһ
¼䣬ԪȻøŨ
ڹ㳡Сߵ³Ԫ˲뵽ڡʱһı仯ˡ
Կ׵ĿʼǣϷ賤ڹϵֱӷֿϳµڣγµҶң󣬸ӿ㡣
ԭȵڣͬ󣬶ңŵٶȸ졣³ֻһ㡣
һ㣬ڸǵķΧΪ㣬ͬһƬƺм䣬ڶγɵķΧһҪС漴εݼڣȻǵĲ㡣Ѿøߣ״ƶˡ
ǰĵ㣬˵Ĳ㡣Ҳ۷ڣ
еɱ䣬ȫֳһֽģʽÿһ֮䶼໥Ѿﵽϰɵĸ߶ȡͬһأη
ǣܿÿһϣһССĹϵ۳ڸ


952 ɾ
ٴɱ£Եø졣ȻÿһڶһСһ㣬Ŀռ䣬أ濴棬ʵϵĿռ䣬ԶȿҪĶ֣࣬ɳ硣׵ɴռ䡣
ڿռ䣬
һɹԪ˳ٱȡڿռСеԪŨȣۿɼٶȵ
Ƶţٴοʼ
һ԰֣һɽ־£˵ʤգĿãҪ˵ʮ¶δܽоɫȫһ顣ÿһ԰֣Ǽµֲֳͬķ񡣶Ǿ󾫣κ覴á
˵ÿһ԰ֶƷ
԰ֻһ𣬷죬ȴһֺгζ
˿ͻá
Բ԰ںϣȻһ֡湬֣꣬ƯĿãҲɵ¶֮ɫ
ĺСŴֱȫͬĸо̲סҪǰȥ棬úùۿз羰
Ҳ̾˵
ɽˮһУһ˿˿֮ڣЩ԰֣ɾ֮С
Ǻ
Ҳͷͬ
Щ԰ָ޷˵ʲôõĵطԲ԰ںϣһβ˼ɱ䣬ɱ䣬öһ޶֮ߡ
֮ϣܱȫγһƬĿռ䡣
˵СзԲǧСڵǴ´ࡣ
⻹㣬ٸһ챦
Ц˵
йâһѾóһöȪۣȪУƺܿѤĻڲʢϵ㣬ͨɢһ㡣
ȻǰٻȪۡ
һöǰٻȪۣú󣬿һȪȪȪˮУ̺ٻ㣬ٻ֮ԡУԡȻӵĳһְٻ㣬ΪϵĻ㣬ܾòϢһµܾգϸˮϰ̺ۣǶǱм档׼һٻȪʱѼǶǰȥԡνܡ
Ц˵
¼䣬ԥּ䣬öٻȪѾŻڲ԰˽ȥ
ˢ
ٻȪ۵룬ʱһµ԰ֳ֡
ȻһȪȪռΪһɽңŰٻȪ۵룬ܿȪʼڣУһѤʻţְֳٻ޵Ļ档лƺȪƮ
ЩĻ꣬ɰٻȪ۳İٻϡʮ档ȪϿջص˿ԾҪУúõԡһΡ
һȪڡΪٻ
λãǵ¾ȥһٻȪһȪĹЧǲô档
Ȼһ˿ĶȪûнݹڰٻȪĹЧʮֶġ
ҲЩȲˡ
׵ͷ˵
ȪħսоͿʼڴˣĿãȻҪһԡ
ȳԹ˵
Ц˵
ּ䣬óһ챦ǺȻһȪֳ߲֮ɫ
ǴħսжһĲʺȪ
Ȫûзǳ㳡ȥȻƳںһ
ڵλã

һɹԪ糱ˮӿȪУ漴ͿЩԪΪһεξӨҺ壬ԪŨ£ΪҺ̬Ļ档ÿһζŨԪһԪ
ֻٶȲܿȪеҺۿɼٶڵš
漴һȪˮֱӿȪֱܿӳĸ߶ȣУΪһ߲ѤĲʺ磬˸߲ʵĹâˮڳڸ߿պ󣬻ΪһϸСĲʺ⣬Ƴǡ
Ʈһϸꡣ
˸̲ܵסһ˿λ֮ͯС
ǹ⣬꣬ǹ꣬ʺꡣ
һĻƳУ׷¶֮ɫ
ƯǡȪôôƯȪʵ̫˼ˡ
Ȫ緢ʱȻͬһʺ㣬գЩ̫꣬ƯˣȻÿһƶڷ⣬ֱ̫ˡҸоԼһ
챦ֽһ챦뵽ƳС
꣬Щԣôⲻͨ꣬ȻֱѪУԭȵƣͶʧˡ̫ˡ
ǰҲоĶݳõĸо̫ˡ
ոܵʺϺĹЧ̲סһ档Ǹйϣ϶áԾģĸۡ
ʺ꣬Ԫ⣬ԡеȻȻĲã泩
⻹ǰ죬ҪϣԺɣضڸѤʮٱ
ƯĲʺ꣬Ĺ£ԭƵˣڹ£ٻָԪĹ꣬ԡУ԰ٲ
ϵĲʺ꣬ɫϲ
ʺȪÿϽ緢һΡһγʱڸո۵Ԫֻһ˲䡣ΪһͳʧȵϣʺȪѤ
Ц˵
ʺȪǸƳյһָҹУҲԡ꣬ɨȥһл۵ƣͣңԡʺٽ°빦á
ҹϽ²ʺ꣬Ǹһ顣
Ⲣû꣬ƳУ㳡ڣʮФȫȻȻģϵٶȸ죬Ըоţߵ۳ʮУƺӣʱпɱ
У
ܸܵʮФӦɵ֧һʮʱÿʱãӦФ񣬶ȻȻĻһص֮֡ϵٶȻǣһʱӿ״ֱ̬仯˴˿ӦФǰ
ܵӰ죬ٶ˶ǡ
ʮФѹƳжøǿ
漴һħȷƳǸ𣬸ε
ǵѹ˷κα䶯ܵһʱд
ЩзűСѾ׼õϯ˹ȥ
һ٣ԵȻ硣
صĳǲö˵ÿһǼµܣÿһʳиܵĵá
Ź󣬲ºֱǰٻҪһݰٻȪ
ֱ뿪һǰƳǵĺĿռС˰ʱ󷽲뿪Уڹ㳡еʮФϢı˷λñ˴˵Խӵϡ


953 
ҹȻǴɫޱߣˡ
ֻǣгᣬܶҶá
ҹʺȪʽ緢£һʺźգʺ겻ϴ䣬ѤʣƳǶеã֪ǺܶŮӣŲʺֱ꣬ϲĲˣȵʺɢ
ЩҲ˵
ȴ˵Ļع飬׶ʱͷ·ǳķʼתһֲһĲ
ת£ÿ춼µı仯
ĸ£ѶϢֽѾüޱȣǾ飬ڵһʱõϢ
־ʾҲ
ӪУǧڲѵš
ͬʱЩսȫʼתޡս䡷
ժ¥ҲѾ뵽ƳУڹϡ
ƾٵľʱҲȷȷºСڸɳнĿȻͳһǰƳǣյʵˡ
ڵõȷϢ֮У֪ŷ׷׽ܹĵ׼ſƾٵĿˣΪյԾŶ׼š
֪УʱһΣѾȥһ¡
һУڽеĹעܱߵı仯ΪͻƷླӡ䡣ǣһУȴʲô鶼ûз
ûж׽ҲһƬȡ
ѾȷýеɳǸǵһʱ俪ʼ졣ֲϣԴԴϵ͹ȥһУɳǵ嶼Ѿƴ롣
ѵӡûܵӰ졣ɽЩǿڡ
ڵ֪Ҳһͷ

ɳѹҰҰأҰУɳΣգδ֪岿䣬ҲǿޣҰÿһζǽԵߡ
ŴУͽˣյΪԽԽǿڻҰ̽ҲԽԽ꾡
˵Уܶͽ˶໥Ҹεˣһɶ飬ҰԣĻʵǿңҲӰȫ
ԣ֪УڴУӿֳٵͽ˶顣ֳ֮Ϊš
˿̣һɳǣУһ֧ʵţΪӥţʵǲŶӵһλзӥˣȻţ䱾ʲôҲû˭֪ǳƺΪӥʵΪһŶŹӥʵʮֲͨҪǿĶࡣ
˵УҲǱȽϿǰĸ֡
ŽҰޣժҩ̽鱨ȵȣ൱ߡ൱ס
һ죬ӥһδţҰ
νȡɱһֻ˿ͽ
˿ѪҺƵҩߵǱģڵ߽߽ޱȣңܳʮʮƷϵȲϣսϣϵȵĹҲϡ
εͽ񣬾Ҫ߽Ƴһǿս
ͽСӥȻĶһͼ˿οͺԥĽȡ
һ뿪ɳǣҰڷӥĴ£ϱܿһЩεΣգڻҰдСܿĳÿһǾ񣬶ڻҰͱϤ
һЩɣѾһֱܡ
֪УѾҰ
ų쿴ǰô
ǰǰûмǲۻˣǵã·ǰ߹ʱûʲôģѵ·ˡ
֣ıͲдǴðġ
ڷӥǽҰʱͻȻ䣬ӥ˵ĽŲֱͣɫأΪǰ棬֪ʱȻһ
أ
ܱһǺ
ҹɫУ˸оЩ}ûš
ɲʮưܣԱߣȻһҷظڣǰ档棬ƺܿһһ紵紫һ˽
ֵΡ
ӥʵϾʿһδɱУѾĥ³־Ȼһܱȣĳ֣ܵĸоЩԾвԣȴô˵
ôһưܵ³˳ȥܿԺ˵Ϣɳǣ˵Ҳн͡
ӥ΢󣬿
ȻóȻ롣

ʱͻȻһŮӵļ
˭ȾңǣҪ˺ҡ
һŮӵĺֱӴӥ˵ĶС
ʮһֱңԾһҪǰȥĳ嶯
ˣŮˣѵʲôҪ񡣡
УһʱϾ¶ŭ֮ɫ˵ѪգҲֱսͳг˽ȥ
ȵңҲȥ
ӿ˵ų˽ȥ
侲Ҫȥ
ӥһ䣬һҧſڷһϺȣԣǻҰôŮˣǻҰеŮӣ̫죬صӰǵǡոմ׳ӦöܵӰ죬ҪȻôô嶯ĳȥ
ӥ˵ɫ䣬žŭ
Ϊˣʲôʱô嶯ǽУԴȻӰǵ
ųпʯ
һ˿һƵʯббĲڵϡʯϵּµ£ѾЩģ塣

ʯϵּϡԱϵġֻһܿв֣Ѿȱˡ

ףҰС
һֻڻҰ̽ޡ
ϴ󣬿쿴ǰʲôһׯĴկˣһկ
ҲˣҪĴկĻҪܽǴɳǣ϶Իȡһͽ𡣡
ڻҰУҵկǴоȳգֻҪɳǣǾһιͽģǽͣʮַԣܶͽ˶רȥѰҴߡ
կôЩŤģôЩͷǰںʱµկżɡ
󣬿ԿկԲ½ġһͷ
ִկǲûм඼ںʱɢڻҰеġĴկ඼Ǳɷ棬ƻɲկֵܵסġһʱͻᱻƻ
ǰЩͬ
ƬկеĽȻд󲿷ֶġ
ҲоЩ죬ôôŤԣҿˣķӣôǶҲ̫ˣǲںʱôӵġ
ͻȻ˵
ڻ֮У췿ݣིģУڳϸʮֽ
һԣѡϡϱڷˮѧУҲǼΪҪϱ򣬿ɲɹˮͨһЩõͨУֱɢȻûʲôôҲԲл
ķȴǶ


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ĳȫ죬Ϊں϶ĳ䶯ЩĵΣǲľʾǱǸկһģɳƷϣկһ£ţկĳӦһʼġ
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ߣǽȥҪգǾͿܲܽȰ֮УΪҴװգҲܵõҴ׵ĸָСɽв֪Ҫö١
ڴկУܿһ
д̣Ǿζ˼ңȻҲ֪廹壬˭ûзɾ衣ʲôֻԽȥ֪
߾裬ҪһȺ壬Ǿȿ˵Ĺʹ򣬴򲻹˳ȥ뿪˵
ųȽϽڽ֮ǰֱӿڽ
ֻнܴʼڣӵڵĳɾ͡ҪȻͲ֪ĸ
ԣڽʱûѡȫȥһȴͬʱԤֶΡǲһһ
һ·Ŵկȥ
ܣϴɽ͵֣һˮ̲˳ɽ¶ϣһ·ɽʯ֣Ҷ洦ɼȪˮϡֹŽϣܿ˵ʷʮƾáÿһɢµϢ
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йҲ£ΪǻͨôǶʿУҲûʲôµģӦúµЩֲŶԡ
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һŨ֪ʱʲôطðģգۼͽկڡסôկ֣ļΪ졣
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ϵˣͨѶѶŶˣӴĹעӦÿϵϡ
ϵˣѾѶϢ͹ȥϴӦѾӵѶϢйŹ֣ϴǿˡ
صĿãæַӦٽѶϢݹȥ
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һһǰ̤կ
УһƷϸȥȻԿ׭Ŵ壡

˽ҰͻȻ俴ǰгһլԺլԺŴ󣬴Ŵ򿪣ʹл˼ҳӭӣ顣Ժľ˽ȥյȥ˼ҵŮ˶ۣ֪ľլԺгɾͺ¡
ڻҰп߽ȥ󣬷һʮ־ıڻڻУһһľĿã̲סĿ֪ģ˾ô뵽ڻУʧ
ָĹ¼һֹٶȳ֡
ڻҰС
ֵĺףʮֹ졣
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Щ仯׵ģҲֵΪЩĳ֣ûμµĺۼ̫࣬ңͨѶڣֹı仯һʱȥܿд׹ٷǰ̽顣ţֵ׷׿ʼҰ
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Щ죬ȻС
˿̣У԰ڡ
Կͯǰ
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˵׸Ѿֺܶ顣ɲͽҰҷظڡ£ӦѾʼ飬ҲӦ˽˵˵ɣĽôʲô
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ö˵ֻǱջֽ֮ʱձȡѪһգ;ƿݡҪջһʿǿ϶òҪۡģǿ϶ʲô֮
Ҳ鱨ǰһ̽飬£ֻ̣ڿʱоΪǿҵΣϢйȵϢƣȻǹħΪ˵ʱ֮УŮӵΪǰȥ̽飬òС
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ֵİǰȥ̽飬ܵĸоΣգûУֻΧ̽飬һ֮ŨĹ֮ɭֲѾħռݡ
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һĨ֮ɫ
µôܻû˵׹
ի磬ħֺУϣҲ磬ңЩħֵླĺڳˣӦӡʼѺۣһЩħѾðˡңǱӡħ֣Уǿ߿϶ѾﵽླεģҲʮֹ죬вླħȻҪˡ
һаһͷ
֮ǰڵȣӡǷϢһ¹ȥڣħսϴ콾ͻƵླջɼĶ
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һЩʵǺǿĴڣǿӦûûдӷӡ򣬲Ӱ죬;ԲֳЩСҡ٣Щħֻûſ񵽽ɳǣɳ
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Ӧû˵ԭɳڣΪŨ񣬶аżѹ
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УͽڻҰзһկկʮֹ죬ֽĳǶ򡣶ңһͽ˽ȥ󣬵Ϊֹûг
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ͯҲ˵Լ˽һЩ顣
ⲻͬѰǰôûôЩûЩƫƫʱһԵȫðˡʲôɲͨռʲôǾԸԸؼ֮һһԽšҲ׹䷲
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Ҵ֮УȻҴɣ˽ʿˣΪҪõԼòģҪʵԼ޷ʵֵԸΪʿԱǿԶͨˣˣ̿УҴ֮УһЩаӡ
΢󣬶Ȼ˵ּȥҴ֮Уκκûоȷ񣬲ýܰճݼ롣нǿϢҴ񣬵ǿ

һ㣬ڻʷϲ֪ж¼Ϊѵʾʷϰ̣Ҳ統ĻƽҲ̫ƽȵȣ¼УһǴʴġ
֮УоԲЩаѿڳֵһ˲䣬Ҫ׵ѹ׵ĨɱʲôʲôֻҪûоǾа񣬾ԲܱӦôڡ
ֻҪ֣Ǿʹѹȥ
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ѾԲǰȥΰݡ
ʲôƨoڵܿʱбӹһ˿һôûУûУȻˣΪҪЩ߸ϵoûoԻĺܺãûУʲôȫҪ
У̵ɳ򣬵ڹֹ֮صٶȱעɳǣΪֹⷢ⡣ͬʱ˵ͣܽһħ֮صˣܻ÷͡
гһշ
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ϣ̽飬ЩȻ죬ʵδؾͳ׳ҵȽޣЩڹֵڣʵδؾͼǿֻŲͬѰǷˮ֮ʹЩ棬ʵҶԷδزܽǳɱֵԸΪϷǽѡ
ͯһ۵Ļ˵
Ѿ֣Щڹֵ򣬶һĪǷˮ֮γɵĳֻҪƻֳ򣬾ͿԸ׵ĽЩ֡
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ͨǿǴ֮УΪص֮һͨУ๩Щͨ˵ԴǻõģңٶԶ磬ʱ£ӴԴ£Ĺ˵ÿһͻͽ
ÿһʵˡ
ϾܽͨĹţеţн֮ܳȻڹ࣬ÿһڴǿߡ
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һ壬һɫ˵ȻǣŮӣλȣοĴһȥһ´׵Ľɽӡ羰顣ǵĻҵҪûЩȱ
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ڴɱеĻʵȻ࣬ɱĻʵȴ
Ϊǧ֮õ뷨ۻղòڻʹкܶû뿪ǣ뿪ʹĻʵۣȻȨǼеͽʲôͬʼնǱһأǸȨ
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Ҳǽɽͼ֮һ
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ڴ׽ðôЩħ֣ȻʲãԴû˭ѡ˱ܣ׷߳ͨǰѾȷ鱨ĸ
ȻǺǰȥǵʵп䣬ѡǰȥĺκԥ

ڶ죬峿ùź󣬾սлգУԶȥ
սϣŮվһ𣬹ۿľɫƳǡ
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пĿƳһտʼ߳ţСʼĻ档һʢĻ档˿ܵҪһĻԶıȥκƻ
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¼䣬սѾƳϿջʽ뿪Ƴǡ
սٶȲ죬ڿ£սգûܹһ·ϣۿܱߵķ羰
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ЩֲûҰʮء
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طпǸطڵħʲôǿɾȫһˡ˭˵Ψȥ̽飬˽⡣
ңǿħ֣ûʲô첻ҳ˵
ҪˣͲԶˡ
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̤͸оһ죬·һӽ뵽һС
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ܿڽǰԺͷϾ͹Ʒһ޴Уڵȴƽ
ֻǣǰԺУһ״Ťÿһٶг˴ȴϸߵҲңںڵϳżϸСҶӣ󣬳ֳ޺ɫء
ȻҲǵһʱ俴Ƭ֡ǰԺгһƬ֣ǸоЩģ뱻ķϣҲûʲôһɨʱãܸоһЩ죬ʶĵڵ鿴
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һľкоô·оһʥءɹǣľǷʥأֻɴ˿̵ľڶУԾģһַߣԴԴϵð
꣬ŭϲ˵ȵȣԺзϱãоʮֹ졣
Ӱһ¡Ȼͬһ㡣Ҫ̤룬֮ǰͿ
һһĨɫ
Ѿ˲²⡣
⣬ľµĵӰһռУڵӦ̺ĳķˮƣγɵӰĵӰ֪ô£Ȼһ磬¶ӳȥ
ǵӰһУǵеĻ棬µӰӣĺУǵĺСֻǣѾưܣȴ
пǰ£ȴûаֱӳȥ
ʩ񣬸ʩס
̤ʱ֪ɮ˳һɮۣһƬ׺ͣ˸оԡ硣

пǰ֪ɮ£ȴûп֪ɮ˻ǹ㲻ϣ˵ˣ㣬˵ǹҲ㡣ȴǻŵġѾΪһ
ʣֻҪţǾǴڡ
ûκԷʵ
ҼںԺʩ
֪ɮ˵
֣
еĮ˵
ǵģ֮ǰλŮʩУ˿ӦƷ̸
֪ɮ˵ʩ־λŮʩ֪ġ
Ŷֽ֪һλ΢΢һЩǣȻǾͲʲô⡣
ҼΪǳ֮Ϊʦ£ѧһ𷨵һ
֪ɮϴǿŵ˵
ţһַģԹġ
·ҵҪһ֡
һȻ˵
ûۿʱûѡɱġЩ죬ҲҪﵽʲô顣
ôһռ䣬Ҫס˵㡣
ʩ롣
֪ɮЦЦǰ·źԺȥ
߹ǰԺܿǰԺУȻһ£һɮڲϷоľǽվ
ңĹѪľĽսľܿЩľÿһ궼ɢû֮ƺﶼһ˿˿˸ڻصо˷ȫһصķ羰
֪УѾǰԺԺǰ
ʩ룬־ںԺƶɮѾټǰֻҪʩȥͿԿܼ֡λŮʩ
֪ɮںԺǰֹ΢Ц˵
ȴû׼Ժƺĳֹһ
á
һ֪ɮû˵ʲôֱ̧̤˽ȥ
ûԺ֪ɮ¶һ˿΢Ц漴תȥ


962 ˿
߽ԺӳеľһĴ
껱˵ʮֵľ޴󣬴ľ
ΪԹͱ֮Ϊңй
˵ĸᴩ͸ײһ˵ķضҲȷλþһ֮ڱǷأܿѧģľľֽйŴаǰɽʬԣ˺ٿľ֮ء
УȻ˾޴һ껱ģֿ϶ǧꡣѾǲ˼顣
κιľﵽǧ꣬Ҳ϶ɾˡ
һĻò˵һʮֹ顣
ģ棬Ȼһá
˵Ƿãʵ򣬲ʲô̻ԻֻͣǼªȣԵЩ롣
ŶûС
棬һ۾ܿĳ
˵Ƿã˵һͤࡣ
ȻԿ棬һưüϺǰŮ˿ҲС
̤ԺһɲǣоͿһĻ
ŮӰܵϢ˿ûб仯Ҳɰһ
ҵҪڹŪʲô顣
һ漴ͳŷ˹ȥ
ʱѾǰ
̧䣬żá
ûʲôǽڡ̤õһɲǣԸо죬ĻƣڿλãһǷ񣬺Ȼûķ񣬿𵽵ʲô𡣶һڷǰµ̬֮
ˡ
˵Ҳ¶һ˿иƺҲȻ¡
֮ǰǱǴһ뿪õģû뵽иո뿪Ǹ̤ȥʱ͹ĳ⣬ľңȫ澹ȻкУо·һʢ
һ㣬ɲǲ뾯衣
߽ȴûܹֻ֣ǣڿʱԷûп˵ֻǣھĿ
ܿϣȻһֻ̼¯ڻ¯ϣһֻˮˮеˮһڡ
ʩ
ʦһУָŶ˵
ûоܾͶȥ
µַ
лڵ
ƶɮ
׵ͷ˵
ΪνӴգһ˵ݹֱ£׻ҷ𡣡
Ц˵תı¶еŭ⡣
ǾеۣǣǾơûһĽͣһУ׻ΪС
Ҳڡ
ȵƷ˵ʱȻʣƶɮΪʩ𡣡
ɫȻ˵
裬㵹¡ЦЦ˵
ҲǲǷġļ𣬶ģ輴ƹ£ޱߡ¶Ľ𣬷ߣҲƷ裬ڲ
ʦЦ˵
һ𼴲裬輴𡣺Уʲô衣
һĨɫ漴ѯʵ
¶еķ裬Ϊ˿衣
˵
˿裬ð˿࣬ࡢϿࡢࡢࡢࡢԹࡢ󲻵ÿࡢʢࡣ˿Ī˶
һת˵
˿࣬Ƿʢе˵Ϊ䣬žֿѡ˿࣬Ψз徻Ϊ־Ѳ档
˿˵һγɼӰ죬ܶ˶ӣֱ귢Ϊɮţ˺У÷ŵԴˡ
żԲ֣겻ѿǣǰѰòķšķռİֿᣬ࣬࣬ˮʮ꣬ռ㹻ĿᣬԿΪˮֲ֡һΣֿʼѿ磬Կώ࣬귽ų꣬ԲժҶ̺صڲУܵ˿Ŀɬȴֻζ
ʦԵ
˿ĵף˵µһ֮ңߣÿһܲժĲҶʮϡ٣ʱҲһ֪жôƽʱƷģҲֵֻ˶ѡ
׼䣬
ߣʲô˿࣬ܿࡣǷž˿տڰ׻ţһпᣬϲбȫǿѣܷܵڣչţһȺƭӶѡ
ķһߡ
ʲô˿࣬ĪǻҪԼҵвɡֱӦǧУֱӶι
Ҳ
ˮѾʼڣóһֻǰĲУ򿪺ŵһ㴫ڲУȻһת
ϸȥһ޲Ҷ
ֻǣҶ֣һֳӰģͨڷź⡣ͬɢĹâ
˿ҲԷŵشַƶɣԣģҲֳӵӡʮء
ȡпһۣһǰһ࣬һҲ١˵Ǹոպá
ڵķˮעȥʱܿǼҶڲתŹâ
˿Ʒζңһܶ࣬һҲ٣̫ζ㡣ˮǽսľϵˮݰ˿裬ʵˮ֮һݺ󣬵ȴ˸ſԿʼ
һ߳ݣһ߿ڽ˵
ݲַһܴһִݳĲͻòζȱʧȴˮͶ䣬һ⡣
ȴ˸
кͲŮǰĲ豭зֱһ
ˮûз⣬ҲûûУңɫȻ͸ģһɫûУ˵ʮֵءһ׿ˮ֮ǰҶųȣȫֲ
λʩƷ裡
ЦŶеʾ
ãҾƷһƷŵİ˿赽ʲôء
ڿˮʱѾֱ̽Ҳ̽Ķͨˮǰ˿裬ûʲô֮ġ
ΡҪƷ֪
豭
ԲŮʾһº󣬻ߣȽС
ûȥ
ǽˮصߣĻԸӳֵŲֵĶζҪȻֱȥǺţĵʲô
һ㡣
Ȼ˵ĳ̶ֳϸ׿ˮûж𣬵һƷһںȡ
ںȥһɲǡ
ʱиоȻĳֻС
·һӱһӤ
ңǸոճĸ׾ѾѲӤһӤոճûĸףûڷ絲ů
࣡
ǿ಻ԣǿࡣ
ָо꣬δ·һа


963 ħ
漴ֱһߣңƵߣߣȴǹ¿һյ˶ûУڴϣֻ۾һţ᲻ůֱ䣬һϯȫһɬС
¶
࣡
󣬸֮²ԺУ˵֡ǻ棬ʮʵ·˲Ծһຣȥ쳾ţ뿪⳾ຣپޱ߿
ֿɬȴԽᣬԽǸо̡
ࡣ
ڵʳϸȻҲһ̿ʼһɹԪȻȻûڣ˿裬Ȼɬȴ̺صϣʳϸΪԪУȻȻš
Ѿﵽʮʼϱ
һǧ
ǧ

һ
裬̺Ҳ
Щ裬һööӵľС
ʳϿתԾУ̺ĵϾһöӰ㣬ڳֺ󣬲ûǳüʶڵλ˽ȥ
һɲǼ䣬ʶϸű
һɫ˳
ɫʶУʱͿڽɫʶ棬һڵĺγɣԭȵĽɫʶڡȴֹʶΪʶϵһ֡ǺɫУݳ޾ĵϡ
ʶͨຣ
Ȼʶµʶͨ
ͬʱڣУƽѪС

һĶڷΪһϵѪдУͽѪдԭ޷飬ޡ
ȻԿڣһɫıƾ۳ඦֵͬʱܿԭȵĺڶ׶ͬʱ֣֣ͬųŨѪܸܵÿһڱУкѪڷЩѪȻǽɫġһת
תඦ硣ඦһһ
һ𣬸ܵɱ䣬дݳһǿҵϲáĸܵһ̣õǡԽǿȻҲܵøǿ󡣵õɱ䡣
ǿ󣬶Ҳ
˫ޡ
ܸܵͼڵ۷ø
ת˵ʣһ磬ʿеͼӦʿսûа취ľģ磬ֻﵽĳּޣζţսͱһУʵʿԽ׶սǼҳ㷹Ϊνľ磬ھԵǰͨͨޡ
һ˵þʿ
ңͬʿսͬԵ޲ͬսҲž޴Ĳ졣ͨˣһתʱÿһҲӵңεļޣ츳ߣҲǼΪ磬ԪԵȷ˴ڣһתʱޣÿһؿ϶һ
еǱҲǰéߡλڶĴڡ
ǣ֮ͨܶУЩ츳ʿĲࡣ
ڶ׶ඦ
ÿһ徳磬ѪıȻͬ
ɫıɢһֿ񱩳ҵϢƺһУһС
תඦһһҪҪͻƵඦҪﵽĲΡȻʿԽǵ棬Խͻơһϳǧ꣬ԪľͻƲˡҪĹҪԴʿһ޵׶
аȻ
ҪһԾ֮ܿĻ֮·ҲᰵҲʿ֮ԱʿΪһֲʿصԭʵҪ磬ҪԴ̫ˣൽЩҪǶ༸ʿ⵰
ʿǿҲȥ
һ壬ȫ
Ϊͻƣʶͨ
ò裡
ǰİ˿裬ڵ³һ֮̾ò˵ȷʵǺò衣裬ᵽޱ߿ຣ޿
Կ࣬Ψҷ徻գ׵ѣԸҷš
ͻȻ˵
䣬һɹԺС
Ǻò裬ɲҲǺò衣ȻҪȻң֪ĺ
һ˿㱶ûУȻ֮ȻǿһķླʿδܶܣںǰȴС׼ף޷
ڿԿѾɱɫ㣬֮
󣬱Ѿø졣
бѹ꣬ɺ
ɱ
ܵеĶȻ֮ûгɣһ䣬һϺȺ󣬶ʱͿǰһһöɫķɵѾǰɵϣ˸ںУƺܿе˸ź⡣ڷɵϣȻüۡǻġ
Ȼʶϣͨն񵶣
ˢ
ɵʱѩ׵ĳü϶ܵĸоһǿҵвϯڷɵУܵɱ·ǱµĶ߸һָоֲ̫
鶼ûа취ܿնڷɵϵ
ã
аһͷ
ϧն񵶵ٶ̫졣쵽ӦٶȶûСͿһɵѾǰŲһи
ҷȱ
Ŀã˫ֺʮʱųһ⣬ӳĵķ·ͣɢĹ󣬺һɫķĿãһ˿ׯϡƺľת
ͨղ
ǽվ̺ǿͨһɣɷ𣬽ղ಻ʮǿ˵նϣᱻɳȥ
ǿ
նǰղƺҲ赲
ն񵶵ĵ̫˿־ĲΣԿϲϱųɫĻǣ֮նǿпٶȣΪǿ谭ԭ򣬲Ǻܿ죬ȴĿọ̈̄Ḷ́ӿ¡
ȻλͨУǵһͿͷ­շȻѸٻصڡ
һȥȴϣû¶κεѪ
һѪûС
ÿĵúݵĵɱƶɮĵɱӰô
ͷ­ڰз𣬿У˵
ӰΣӰǣǾ̺־ҵն񵶣רնԪ꣬նͬնɱꡣ
Цſƽ˵
ʲô
¶֮ɫƺоϢȫ
ħ
ϸֳһ˿Ťı飬ͻȻ³һ


964 
ħʲôħ
һĨɫѯʣȻֻͷ­һ˲䣬ɢΪУһ˿ѪûУ·ֻһӰӣնˣӰ֮ҲɢΪΡ
һУȻҪȻĺá
ɫ䣬Ц˵
û뵽ⷨȻ˿ΪҪǿжȻҪɹֱﲻ⣬ӦǧУĨɱ
һնˣֱǱˡ
ﲻ⣬ӦµĵӰΣ޷ȫ˽⣬ѾγһƬصռ䡣ЩУ⡣
һ
ոǷƺлҪ˵˵ħô¡
΢΢ü˵
ʲôЩӰӺѾĴȱ֮ġ̺аѾħƽ˵Ȼûб¶ȴǰ׳գоУľУĸоķ͸аȫ෴
ﲻ֪ʲô飬ЩӰӺǲ˵ңƺаħ֮
ħħǷ
ʿ׳ħģħͷҲ׳ɷ
зسɷķ
ħͷȻɱ¾ޱߣе֪¾飬Ѫħͷɱ¾ж򣬺ʣͨ˸׳ɷΪħͷѾһУѾ͸һƽȻһõɮ
سɷ˵Ĳͨﷸˣľħͷ
ԣصسħͷħͷ飬вûие֣ģױħʴһ䣬˵ӵзħ֮ΣħͷҪӿ¡
ЩӰӺУһ䣬ӿ£ΪӰ֮ͬڲ֮ȥ٣Ī⣬նӰӣ˲ָܻɱǣնǵ־ӡǣҪȻɻٸǷոŵһ㡣
ϧնǰȴʩչĻᶼûУͱնɱ
Ȼ䷨ླǿΪԲ׾ɱġ

¿ѯʵ
ȻѾΪħߣǷȥȻɴΪ󻼡Ҫֹֻһ취Ǿǡɱ
ϸֳһĨȻ˵
ڴ˿̣ͻȻ䣬ԿڷڣĵӰУͻȻ䣬һ䵶׵ð˳вһնܿڽ䵶˸ŵķâʮַ·ܽһﳹնϣиΡ

ܿһɮӰ˳ǿڽ䵶У˿̵ĺУﻹ֮ǰĴüĿеֻǱ䣬ѪĹâŨɱĳС

ֻǣһвûжǿޱȣɲܣǰһնٴηɳɮ˲һиȥ
ܣôǿʿ
䵶նͬʱϣţͿӰӺеͷ­Ӧնϣƾշ𣬶䵶еĲϣȴ·һε׽䵶סƤĤûа취ƿһ䵶ֱӷɳȥ
ӡûа취¡ӲҪ˵ǽƤĤп
֮ս׶ѷɫ
Ǻе¶֮ɫϧ֪һ㣬Ѿˣննе޻ȥĿܡħնɱ
꣡
ʱԿ֪ӰУһð˳ڳֺ󣬺ԥĳмɱ˹ԿУһڵķ飬Щϣƺصľ˸һ̣⴮˸һ𣬾ȻΪһڵս
еӰնȥ
ͨΪ۽ν۽ն˿۽ķһִǻۡǻ۵նһУâ޾˿վ̣֪۽ж
˿̣ɷ۳Ļ۽ôŵĴǻۼΪ죬һħԵ˿вԾħ󡣲ǻ۽һħ
ħûгնȥµӰն˹ȥ
һնӰ
ħӰһն
Ӱӱն㱾Ҳܵͬ˺жôǿ
ɫǿҵš
۽ħϧκβңģֻ㡣
ƽ˵
¼䣬ʱͿǿڽɫնٴշлһѤĹ켣вһʱһͷ­շ
Ӱӡ
зͷ­ϣ¶֮ɫȻĿµӰӡ
ԾⲻӰӣӰ⡣⣬ҪȻܻûˣֶΣӰɱ֮ɱӰɱ
ȴӰӾ⡣
ϧѾ֤ʵѾ䡣
µӰӣȻӰӣõӰӣӰѾնΪаħնֻӰӣôܶκˡֱǳ˵Ρ
ЩУȻɱ
ɫ˵
߳ã档
Щжˡ
΢΢ü˵
ԭڶ߲ľѾʧУ·һӱüž·һˡķáԭڽսľоĺиͲˡ
յģټУκһӰ
֮УЩжӰӻҪûʲôطǲܶܵģңֻҪԸ⣬ҵǵľڡӰӣ޴ڡӰ򣬾Ӱ
ƽ˵
Ҫ˼УַԼһնɱЩлɳɱĻ͸ûɣЩеǲ
Ƿ˵ǻǡ
ô죬Уûг·Ӧôȥ
ɨܣѯʵ
ǳȥġӰ磬ӴԺ󣬾Ҳ޷뿪
У֪һƶĻ
λʩҷ𣬷سɷ𣬷سɷ𡭡
һ̣һоϴоԴԴϵĴݵߣ޿ײԺУ񣬸оǿҵļǧֻڶ߲졣ӿֳ޾Ŀŭ
ʹࡣ

˲ͷһϽϯоѹȥ
ߣһӰ磬ûнס͡ߣû˭ǿΪ޷κô̫ˡ
Цɨ
оϣȴκκСȻǴڰУ
Ϣ䣬˭ûע⵽µӰӣı֡ӰУֳһ˿аЦݡ


965 а쾭
ôôô
вɨһ£Ժпһͷݹȥ
ӰﾹȻһӰӿռ䣬ңⲻΪģΪرãķˮӰռ䣬£ϣȴͬһռ䣬ڵ£ҪҪռ䣬һ꣬һǧҲ뿪
а¶ǿҵȤ
ӰķӰаؼһ޶а壬ңǽӰħʥ䡷ԭȵħؾõĸֹ伮ȡаıԴӡ֤
մԼĶŹΪа쾭ȻոտԶԶﲻ쾭ĵزţֻҪʱ䣬һáа쾭Ϊ쾭롶ΪȫʶϹ
ڿ󣬾Ѿʼתޡƾԭȵĵ̣ؼԴԴϵаԹȵȸ֮ת޲죬ңٶȼֱǿ쵽˼ĵز
񺣣ϣͼ̶ʱڣѾ׳ɾ͡
⻹㣬дħսгͻƷླʱаͬͻƵླ
õľǡа쾭кͼаͼаʷаΪ࣬аʵģԼ䣬ԿаΪơһģһ
аʵѾﵽ߸ĲΡΪҪƣ˼ӡ飬ͻʱͿֱͻơ
ƣУʵ̫ǿˡ
а壬Ǽȡ޾аΪãڣһſѹƣÿʱÿڵķǷླڷླУľ磬ȱҪ
Ժ˵аսſδػȱѷɫ
֪Ƕôˡ
ʵǿġа쾭аϡ׽аǱӵ¡аͼӿ£ͼУ۳һڿаа۽Իءײе¡
а죬ڵϿֱûõϵڼȡؼаʱһȻȻĶױ򿪡
˵ڣӰӵʵȱѷɫĳ̶ֳϣӿ£ײС
ԱӰ֮ϵǼԶһ䣬׾ٵĳ£»ΪӰӣƬӰӿռС
ûа취뿪
ѯʵ
ģҪ뿪ڱ˵ȻǧѣҲô޷뿪ɶ˵Ҫ뿪ֱ׾٣κѶȣֻҪԸ⣬ھͿ뿪ӰҿӰסûκӰܹסҡ
аԥ˵Уޱƶš
Ҫ뿪˵ȫûκѶȡ
ãͽˡ
׵ͷдݳһͷ
ѾûмȥȤӰӷڣֻҪǳླĴڣһ޷κв˵仰һ㶼û
ٺ٣ģӦĳݱɣƬӰռУһ챦ң˵ֱ˵ҵıҪˡ
а촽¶ǿҵ˷֮ɫ
ˮ֣Ƕķˮ֣챦컯棬ƬռУһʱѾоһޱ챦а嶼챦Ӧһʮ˷ܵĸо
ȻЩȲˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊֹûѡһ챦ΪıڸоƺĻԵѾˡ

һ㶣漴͵ͷãȻĻԵǾ͸Ӳܴһоͽˡڽͳȥ
пٽ뷨ݹȥ
ģЩȻ׵
аЦһ˵
Щ˵ʵеĽҲգ֮ѣ˲Ѿɡһǲ£оƬռУѾһӰ
ˣѼ£뿪
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쿴ռ˶ٱһЩʲô
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971 ƽ ܷͩ
λãǶӱһڱ£˭֪õʲôֵ߲ߣһȣ˭áѡȡı󡣡
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ⱾǷеһЩȤζʲôģֻǶĵѣʲôûйϵһˣ˭Ϊ˭ô
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¶һ˿˵˵ʱл¶һ˿ζ
˵ġ
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ε飬֪̫ܲǿˣҲڴ̫֮ǿڣŮκһˣһͬ޵ĻᱻɱĶףһͿأ۵ȫ̱಻˵ûа취ͷųֻһҹ֮תսء
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ǣ飬ŮôӦϾ˴˼仹Ҫ档һЩɬǷŲҲ֪Ҳûǿ鷳鷳㡣пռţʱ
ȻռϣҲǶһˡ
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Ƿŵʥأ湩Խ࣬ԷʿٶȾԽ죬ԣУӵĶ٣ʵҲһǿ̡
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УиоԼΪ·һɲǼ䣬ױѹƣϢıѹƵͼľ硣ָоͺͻȻһΪƽ׵ܵ
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һ𱦡һ˫нãǾһҪʵžԵţˣȡֻ֮Ϊƽȣսƽȡ
һĨʣϾ׵ı׶ˡ
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Ȼ˵ģͨͩͩͨɫҶǺɫͬǲȼյܻ档ܻ۵ػ𣬳ޱȣУΪʣңʺϲǷͩɹʿɡ
֪ôܻ᲻ͩ
ľˣʣֵɹǾؼǣ֦Уƺһ˿΢ɲ


972 
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лȻɻ٣ͩľȻһĸӦָӦһʮ׽ĸоܵҪУϸ档
ҼǵðɻĶʣңҪŴȻͩľ԰ɹʴǸ谲ĳɹԱøߡ
΢󣬿˵
ʱҪܴﵽ¡Ŵɻ޵һʣǲɱУŵơؼǱֲ
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׵ͷͩľΪģΪ˰Ҳ취ֳֻǣ˿ʵ̫ˣ֣ɻļҲߣϲܣѾ΢ɲĵزɸΪ֮ûϣֻҪ˿취׳С
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δزһְ취
ŮȻʲôöϣֹغδıǿıʲôҪ
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һָɢ漴Ϳһֻɫıϻǰֻϻϣܿ鲼һصľģУʮأƺозԺС
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һߵͷήһľ۳һöӣöӾӵӣʱʱ֮Уֹս׾٣һǧκʱ򣬶ֵֻԽԽߣԽԽҪ
ÿһöֻҪ֣ǱʿƴᣬѪɺӣҲһ֡ӵӣ֤ĿֱɡǸࡣ
Աӵ֮֮κ챦ҪһϢȥԻ޷ѡ֪˰п̽
ԣڿʱкԥĽܵؽ⣬ΪԼǵĻᴫݳȥֻܿ촽ڶȴһ仰
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ȣ֮ǰӣͩľƽ飬ȫǲֵһᣬȫûпɱԡı̫ˣó󲿷ֵıȡ
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ڴ˿̣Խӵڴӵɱ϶
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УܶžĶڡԿ־Ķڣ硶ϾزؾҩʦʮҵȵȣЩž˵ࡣ
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ŵУͼΪͬ
˵ż󲿷ֵķ𾭵伮Щ𾭣Щǹ±Ʊܶʧķ𾭣ﶼܿȻļΪá
Ҳؾֽһ伮ңǷŵ伮ḻؾĵء
Ȼвôϲţŵľĵ伮Ҳڲؾ֮⡣ؾǺɰٴֻҪǵ伮Ǿʹǻۡǻ۵ĽᾧҲӦصġ
ȻҲзй
硶վŵ伮̺֮ٶǶķŹǴȥ֪Ҫ׷


973 ޲
ֻǣŹһҪзž壬Уֻ֮ܽ磬ҪȻȻĳذͣǧ궼޷ҪңŹĳ̶ֳϣͬǼΪǿ֮
ңŵĽ֮ΪǿһɾͷŽսǿרŵʿѷɫ١ͨǼΪǿ
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ȻֻǷŵ˵ʵֻͨпԿٳϣǵŻǷţз·޳ɣֻǣ໥ֲͬѡʵ򣬱ûжΨŽͨ뵽ŹУΪﵽĳ־ʱȻȻľѡ
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оһЩ伮еõ⼸֮ͨ
µǵķŴһЩ֮ͨ˵ӦоСļͨȻûУʵ˵棬ʵķŴ֣ͨŵзɰ˽̨ȵȣĶͨǷҪĴͨ
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ΣؾĹģվڲϵ󣬲šӲ
˵Ķԣɱ׳ԱҲЦŵͷ
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һ㣬Կָıﲻϳ֣Щ󲿷ֶµղأвٶǼΪĵرǷŶصıģ磬оͷһױģΪ࣬ǼȡŹ֮ıġ
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ı漸࣬Ȼ繦󣬿ҲǼΪıεջ񣬿޷ֵˡ
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Ҫһֱ̽ŸֱĻʶҲԵ
Ѫħ޲ȻһŶĹǴõĹѵ£ôħĹ˵ʺһй֮һ
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˵ƬһͬСɵıΪѪħ˵ֻʬɽѪУѪħǴԹɱ¾Ϊ£ͨʿһ£ᱻѪħ̺ɷʴɱģ߻ħȴɱΪı֮һ磬һսǾɱ
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ǰһ飬гֱôֻǺֲܴڣ͸һƬһһۿȥһεУû𡣵ҪϸƵĻȫԼһս
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Ժпһͷ
Էŵ幦ΪתĹŵ幦٣硶޺ղ֡ȵȣϵȵ幦ڿ޲ʱܵһָӦŹܸȤ
ԡ޲ΪתĹɱ¾һ£ͨ˵һɱͨ
аԳ
ѡ幦ȻյĿľΪǿͨԣѡǡ޲ϣԽе⣬Ĺͨ
ѡ󣬲ûʼǽ֮
飬ûд˶˵ʲô飬Խ֪ȻôԽ󡣵ֶ˭Լӵе̫ࡣ
ڱջħа
磬һŹɷ⣬ǧмħͼ֮ңʮʺϻɾļħȻһǧͻͽ
ҲǲĹֻǣɷڣһ۾ܿȫаħ
ʱȻţ֪УеƷȫʰһաеϵı鶼Եʮָˡ˭ƽ׵õôһʱأ鶼ܻỵ
ּ䣬ȫ
пСٻ˵Сٻױййͣдؾд󹦣ȻӦõõʹ͡Ҫʲôʹ͡
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Ҹѡһ֣ҿתͶ̥ΪУӦÿתΪˣٻһлᣬҴסвûжܾʾӦֱ˵ڶ֣߹֮·󣬱ɹյսᣬ˵һĿʼ֤һԳΪǿߣΪܣ;ͬ飬ѡֻأҿԽšɷڸ㣬УҲйרŵĹΪ޾ٹҹͼѡһ


974 
ѡ񣬿˵ѾСٻĵ·ѾڣϾѡҲ࣬ǲǾתͶ̥ȻԳΪ飬ȻתļͻֻϴȥԺ󾿾㲻Լһ㣬˭֪̥֮ղ׿ԿƵġ
ңʱԽãǾԭȵļ䣬ʱӵµ䣬ٷǴǰǻҷҡܶԸͶ̥лΪޣȻϹ֮·ϾҲǺ޸ͬؼΪǿʢ塣
ʵǿ
ʲô壬ֻҪ£ͬŸ컻صΰսǿᡣ
Сٻйâ˸ԳĬ˰κ˵ѡڶ֣Ȼ˹ǲһδؾͲܳΪһǿߣһʵﵽһ̶ȣһӵ
ջûѡתͶ̥
˭֪һֻأȴԼľʲô
ֻУ̫Ĳȷ
ԶԶԼƿԼ
οûѵвԼĻҲѾ˻Ӵ֮ȫڹ֮·߳һ·Ϊһǿߡ
ãȻѡ񣬹ѡһ
Ц˵
ҲǰԵͷСٻŮʱҪǱˣȱݣǸоЩ档
ѡ񡶰ٹҹͼ
Сٻ΢ѡ
ǰʱ˵ٹҹͼһżΪǿĹ޹һɣðٹҹУǣͼٹҹͼܼٹҹͼһɹ˵һսʮǿ󣬿ʹ࣬˲һƬΪ⡣
ٹҹͼһƳǱǿ˵ȫǱΪһڹУ˵ǶĹл޳ɹɡ
Ҳͼĵף˿ѡĻᣬʱͺԥѡŹ
ѡϣ㽫ܳɳ
׵ͷּͽԺУСΪһ֡
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ʱһ
˳ŻȥȻԿϼѾԣеĿУǲ졣Ȼڳ󣬾Ѿ˵һЩ˵Ŀʱ֪λ֮ȴ˵иǿҲᡣͨûж
Уʵ̫ǿˣȻǿһʿ
ɸݴ˵еʵ඼Ǳ֮ͨϣʣʿһʿ뷨˫ޡһħڷּ䱻ѹ׺ɱ
һԭȲͨ˵ʿڶ̶̼УɳֵزϼʿݻЩԺ׷ת䡣
ʿڴ֮УԲǿѹݺᣬ߸ϡ

׵ͷ˵
ֱһ̣ʱϼ
ϼɲãֻһλ¼ҹˡͲͬκα仯ож֣Ҫǰǰ֪Ĵ˵ǺʣôĶ֪
ڳֽϼ˵ֻǣû뵽ʵǿǧĴħɱĳ֡
ϼһ˵
ڣţɽŵķӡҲѾʼ𡣡һϼ˵
ڣһĳšţǰû˵ͻȻ֣ʣǰ϶ǱӡǱĶ
ңţӦþױȽϽпܾڴ׾ڡĳҰ֮С
ӡͻȻʼڼУڵķӡҲƽ⣬³䡣ľǸħַ׷ؼ䡣Ϊһܶħʵǿ󣬶ңѪɱǵĳһὫؽҵĸӻңֻ
һֱԿﻤ壬ΪΡ֪ѾǲǰϣΪ°飬Լһ츣
ϼٽԼڵĿ˵˳
ȻҲϣһʼ͸һӡ
ʥأ˵Ҫչ׳󣬺ʣѡףӴյӣõѡ񡣶һ㣬ôƹСνþ⡣
֪ǿʲô硣
΢󣬿ѯʵ
ླӦûֻзླεʿӡҲˣѷӡΪʵ̫ǿΪʵڱӡУΪСһࡣʵǿģڷӡ֮СǣħҲˣЩħ˿ͬӡǿߣҲ⡣ӡȻɶ㣬һ½ϣΪߵˣʵõͻƣǷӡͻøӱӦεĸǿߣѷӡ
ϼϵ˵
飬ûʲôġ
ȻˡаԵͷֿܱ뵱Уڱ֤ʵҲûиоȡ
֪ο
ϼһ£漴͹ϵĿѯʵ
ֻҪţңΪҴװв˺ҴȻӭһţֻǣҴ׵ɷҴ׵ĹءǲʿֻҪɷҲҪץù鰸ΡӦеĳͷ
жȻ˵
ǶպãȻû⣬в壬׳ʵҪǸҸ߸ϣΪԼǸһȵĻǴײӭš׸ҪһЩ߸ϵ׺ԣԭǲܴơ
ؾʿһҪءûʲôڴӵȨⲻܡ
ڱԿﻤΪΡȻԴװ˺γΪնħϼҲһ
ͨȻҪǴס
һ·Ŀù֮У˵ȫ˶ʿЩ󲿷ֻͨΪ˼ٵġûаǿġ
κһɳǣоʵ
ɳǣڴУ̫ࡣ
ǿǰͬΡĴɽܵ޴ѹ
Ҵ׻ӭκʿлᣬƳǣؾпһаƽ˵
Ҳ˼
ţ϶ֻһţԽԽԽŽףһС⣬ǴĲã޴ħԽԽ࣬ǿҲԽԽֻ࣬Ѿʼˡ
Ƕ֮ﰡ
ɫ磬λˣǻȻ֮ǰĶԼǲǿԶһˡ
ЦŶԲŮ˵ɫ¶һ˿ζ
ɫȷʵѾ硣
ߣ֪ûġ
Ҳ̲סһȴһƬϼ


975 
Ůͬʱһۣﻹ֪˼
Ҳ֪ȣӻƽȣ磬ǴĲ磬ʣѾκζ鱦ѷɫǸӾˣкܶԸ鱦Ը⻻ȡӡ
ȻԼлʤӹɵġ
һһ۵ͬʱҲûзϣ鵽Ƿ֮Ĺ뷿֮֡ȻЩɬе˼˽⣬֪Ҳ£ԽԽǿκһоЩܲסԸ
߰ɡ
д󲿷ֱѾѹΣʣµģӰӷȥͺãȻὫеĸֺôѹθɾЩǵ̣ǿ׵ʵ
£һռѾǰ򿪡
ûԥ̤ռС
СٻҲһɡ
һСٻЦ
Сٻ룬һҧ촽̤˽ȥ
գۼ䣬ټ¾ֻʣϼһˡ
һĻϼһҲȻ
ײۣײ裬Ϊ£Խ£ңѹһħһƬħߡ뾡֪ͨţڴףԲԵ֮׺ƽദ໥ʱȥ׳šϻԻ͡ҪȻ׵ʵܿġ
⻹ֻһɳǱ׾ҲǴ׾ӻûпݴԣоŵս˵ԵֵϮսϣ޲ˣս޲ʤκΰ̸еľʱǿҵԺȫԱ
ʮȻĿԿ
֪ڱʿĴװнĴ׾žжǿ
Ҫۿ׵ľӵжǿ
ϼ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ӣܴ΢ĩУһƬ򣬿֪֧ŵǿ֮ǷͬСɡ

˵ϼеĸͷԼԴ̬ת䣬̤ռУ󣬿һ°漴ڵĹУŮһͬߡһڴᣬսСٻҲû⣬ֱӾս֡Ůͬ
ԴˣŮûҲûа취ʵɱѾף̱ľУ޷԰ΡʱСٻֻɬȴûоܾܻݣûŮӢ۵ģɱѵĻԺСС̷Увûжĵִ
ûжٵֿͱϴӡ
һս˵ǲ
ڼսвòǰҡ
Ȼǿ˫֮СٻԪ֮ٴ۳һö顣⣬ö齫ٴοٳһϡȻ컯
жھС
񳹵׳ڣע񺣡
ԿУ绯ڣԪһöȻгƺصĵڽ
Ҫ֮ǰѹһµĻ˿̣Ѿڡϡ
ڽ뾲ҺȻûѹơ
ʱͿöۿɼٶƿնȥ񺣣ڣѪУϴ󣬲֪Уڼǵλá
飡
Ȼը·ǿٵһ㣬ڼλУٳһϿռ䡣̵ĵƷĳϿռ̽ȥΪģ֯һԵ쳣أ˿ʶ־塣ѤʵǾ綾
̵壬ڿռпٻΪһöѡ
Щ֮ϱãΪЫߵȵȾ綾֮ÿһ֣ڿ󣬶̲סһ־֮⡣־塣
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ҲڵһʱõѶϢһ˿һöȻǶϣ綾ޱȣγɺ󣬾ͿʼؼζͬʱһɹɵϿٳѪϯȥ֮̽綾ȴûж˺
ٳϺ̺ѾѸٿʼϱԴУϱԴۿɼٶɱ䡣ÿ䣬
ɲǼ䣬ѾϵĻۣγǳ
ңͼȥ
Ϊͼһ֡
ȥ󣬿Կһõ۳ΣΪһ̵ĶУ֮ΪϾ綾ʼϲ
ϱԴٶȻӡ
ʣ۳ͼں֮·ǿ棬ֻҪͼУȻȻͼеоͻᷴϣϿʹ֮ﵽͬƷײΡ໥Ĺ̡
ʣ綾ؼ䣬˿־ġһжôĶ֪ļΪҡв̫ǿˡ
ܶԸˮҲԸԾ綾
Ҫֵ綾ʵ̫ѣ̫鷳
綾һǿʢһزǧ֮ڣݲݱǧ֮áǺεȵİԵֲԣ󲿷˶綾˱ᡣմȾ
ͼԵ֮Уٴһɱﵡ
аϲּ٣ʱ̣ÿһʵǶδһϡ
ϵ룬úͼøӵȹ̣Ҳӵ졣ԽƣԽǿǵ̵ӣͬʱԾ綾ֿӣУ˵ǰٶҲΪʱƣ󲿷־綾ʧȥá
ŶϣҲ뵽Сٻò˵ҲһƷ
˼ȻѾУǾͽ⼸ȫ˵
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Ψһİ취Ȼ뵽С
һͿԽеıȫȻȻ
йâһȻԿһֻıСǾһֻһֻɫĺһֻ۶ɵĻõѤʣޱȡãһۿȥҪ׳еĸо
λõ챦ǵͫеõıӵл硣
챦ʮ⣬ǹغ硣УʼնǼΪӡ
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뱦֪ܷñͨҴ޴ĺôһûгɡһڴ飬ֻλõ뱦ں
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ʱͿһֻ߲ʰ쵵ĺڻУֻ΢΢𶯣ȴڻ籩ĿʼƻƬ绯Ϊػˮ磬ٳͬʱ𶯳һ籩ǵءռľͷ
ƺǴ˵еĺЧӦ׾һ籩
ÿռĿ٣ʮɡ
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֪УȻٳǧĶռ䡣
ˢ
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976 ε
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֪УѾɱ䵽ʮصľ˵زʲôľǶʮСǧ磬ʮʵ硣һ·ǲףȫвĽѹΣŹκλᣬƴɸֱ
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ϸȥڿռĴСѾﵽԲСԵüΪӴ󡣱ħսʱٴһࡣ
֮ǰţɵļöǺˣڱĳɳ̫棬൱ˣÿ죬ûһӣдĿռţɱ䡣
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ǳ֮֮رԴٶȣ쵽¡
̶ʱڣѾɳԲѾӽСǧ缫һĴСҪ֪Сǧļޣܴﵽʮǧ֪Ƕôľˡ
Ŀռ䣬ʮСǧķ£ۿɼٶȷǣÿ䣬ÿռıԵΪ˵ľ롣
֪УѾͻƶռ䣬Сǧ磬ڷţﵽԲĴССǧĴСȫһ¡
ܿռڣɲöǺˣԴԴϵɢӴǳ֮ռ䣬ű
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ڿռ֮ȴķ֣ڿռʮ⣬ǰٳĿռ䶼мĲͬռУһλðɫʣʵģĿãоһĪĸо·ͬξС
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磡Ӧò㣬Ҳ˵ǣȴλõӰγɵһƬСǧ磬һðʵ磬ξɡ˵ε硣
аڿռı仯
ξ֮ٳ磬˵ȫһС硣ܹξ֮ϵԴԴϵ֮дݵƬСǧСξ
˵磬ؼΪأ֮һ˵ڣΪȷڵģУֻҪʼΣʵ򣬾ǽ뵽統УʱɢĻ֮ȻȻ硣
ԣؼ䣬һ˵Ǿǣ籾һιɵ磬Ϊʵʵвڣֻ֮󣬷ܹӴΪξʵ硣
ڣܹ̽顣ʵؼ䣬£Ҳģ޷λ
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˵һ޴ޱȵʵξĻǴ˿ڿռ䣬ͬһС͵ʵξܹΪξƾ֧ξ
ξξ֮䣬ľǴξ֮ȥʵξõţ׳һ㣬ǲ˼ġ
ʣξ֮Լʵξξ֮ΪϣúԴԴϵĻȡȡ֮֮ߵ
һε磬ֻҪӵгʱ䣬δزܳɳͬĸ߶ȡУڻһ޾ıءξֱһܳɹ֪Ϊҽʡ¶ٵʱ䡣֤
д˿Ҳ̲סһ˿ǿҵ˷ܡ
ѡԼıо֪ԼҪֻ֤죬ʵһ޴޵׶ӻеĿӻҪñɳ֪ҪķѶٵԴֱޱ޾һ㡣
ҪǱʼձĳֲڣǺʣӰǾ޴ġ
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޵׶һֱƴѹһԴ˵ʬ嶼ŹͨͨϣҲֻñɳĸ߶ȡδԣǳˮн
ڣεĿ٣еһοٳɳɱϣܡ
ȻεʵξҪȡξ֮Ҫӳ飬ΪʲôֱӴʿռмȡξ֮ǵȡξ֮
εռʿռӦͬ磬ǣȣһֻ׶һѾǳˡ׳ꡣȫûпɱԡ
£Ҫλøξõξ֮Ҫϸá
Ͼиʵ⣬Σǽεռ䣬ǽʿռ䡣
ҪȡõξĻʣҪõһΣͻ뵽ҵεУ硣ѣˣ֮ڣҵĽƾˣεס
ĻֻҪڴ׽УξǾͻֱӳεռСȡǵξ֮ԣ׽аգҪԴԽԽá
һԳ
ɾһռ̵⡣
ڴ׽ڣε磬ʣεռݾԵƣ
֮ڣȻܡӵơƥС
ΣֻҪʵξУˣԷξʱҲܱһ֣뵽ʵξУ磬һЩеǾͽΪʵξеǻľɽҲʵ뵽ʵξУʵξеһ֡
磬ξ飬һߴǾͻʵξУʵڡΪʵξһ֡ǲֲξΪʵξϡ
ʣٶȣ൱ˡ
ξŲȷԡ
ξʱܳһħһµޣս˲׽
λõнʿռɱǿȫԴһǰĵ·ȻδزԵȡֻҪСĽʱӦòᱻ֡
аԳ
κ󣬷һеĲƽȥЩҪϸԹյĽٶ࣬Ҳֻǲ²ѡ
ûκ塣
ȻˣҲһ뱦εΪ֧Ÿڿռ䡣ֻ뱦Ϊҵıܳװġ
һ䣬Ѿóöɫӡ
öӣʣȫԳ֮Ϊһ챦컯Ϊ
ܲܳɹҲȷ
ֻܳŽڣУһ
һʱһȻš


977 ʥ
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ڻУӱƺǺǿһصֻǽһСֵĻ飬ΪһСռ䡣ϣûʲô̫ϾֻɱŵȼΪޡ
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漴ͳС
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ռ䣬Сǧ硣
Щ˲ͱƿ
׾ٵĴơ
ɽԷ˵ٶдľӣУ컯֮£ٳɳľŨĲ֮
ؼǣؼƺһĵϣһ·жصϣۿһһľпµĵ
˵ȫһƬ
ڿռȫɱɺڡ
ָоͷ·ԡڴ֮УԴҪֱǱƽʱ֪ҪɶٱȻֱֳɱƽʱв֪Ҫ϶٣عƣҪ屶ϡ
ܵڿռ棬Ҳɵһ˿ǿҵļ
ֺôʵ̫ˡ
ΪһﵽϾʣҪľ۷ԴԴԽ̣ȻԴٶȾԽ죬໥ٽĹ̡Ҫʣٶȱ£̫ࡣ
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Ȼֱӿӣٶȣ쵽˼顣ͨǲ򹦷׾С
ãͽ磬ʥأӵ⴦ʥأҴУָĶǿߣٶȱʿ죬ԴԴϵţšңʸ񣬸ԵǴеһֽЩżʿ콾ǾױȵΪҴԴԴϵĶ˲š
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ȻõӣȻ뿪ԺԼŮˡΡͬ飬ֻ岻ͬѡ
뵽СٻҲɰһζǼ

Ů󣬶жǰһۣûʲôɫ
СٻȴһƬߡ
ԴˣѾ죬ͽһߣ˵强
ѡס޹ԴˣСٻֻǾţûзϣȻѾ˳ΪŮ˵ʵͬҲΪ׵
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ºǶѡɻ˹Զ
µ޹ȡƻ־ǼԼĳǵ޹Ƿǹһ첢û뿪СٻѡѡȡΪٻŮ
뷷⣬סɵ
뷷Ϊٻ
ǣ֮ǰѾ뷷ֱеĵλȻǲö˵ֻڲ֮¡ûгʲô֮λ֮¡
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ǽɳǣǾǰҰ
ԶЩͻȻðħֽ̽顣ЩǺֱӳɱеħ֮أ֪ж١
ӡɶħʼ֡ɱĲ٣գðҲ١
ͬʱſʼڴ׽ڳ֣ϴϢնħģҲڸɳУֳһָ߸ϵơƺԼŵӣоһȡ
ȴ֪ڽɳǺģӴƷֳ֮ɫڴװյУʵһһĸо
˵ͨѶ˵챦鵤ܶʿֱǿûп
ڶԱȻңǾ͸ǸоԼѾˣʱˣȣǻʹõľңֱر𣬿ңЩʿȫûҸóʵò֡
Ϊڲʹõпǽ֮ͭģֱ֪ܺ͸ͨȫͬ׵߸Ժԭȵӡ
Ϊضѣ޵Ⱥ಻ڿȴȫͬ׵İգʿ֮ȫʳԶԲꡣд׳ۣնƷףУܳԵҲ֮٣ÿٶҪϸ㡣⻹ӡеô
ʿ쳤̾
һ޿оԼǰԽƺͨնȲϡ
ұҶֱˡ
ʿסһһס
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ʿ·ߣǰŵ̧̯ۿܰգһ̾Ϣ
ʱ䣬䶯һȥ
ڣԴʵħų飬û̫Ӱ졣˵һƽɵĹС
ʿ֣ţͽˣ׷׽Ұħɱ޲ս
֪УѾ˵¿ƾٵʱ䡣
׵ĵһοƾ٣ʣǣ־֮ʿۿʱѾ׷׿ʼעƾٵҪξϣȴյ³̡


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ˣʥͣ׿ƾٽʮʽУѧӣ־ΪЧߣ޷ƶ޷٣ԿɲμӣƾԵص㣬Ƴ֮ڡڹԺ֮ھСͲţǰ׾ڴڼ䣬ɳǴ󣬶ڲο֮ˣͨСκηáסɴͳһš
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ȻֱԲѧнͬһֽ֮·߽ãҲû˭飬Ȿǽõͳ·֮һֻǣƾ֮ʢУңƾ٣ǽҰĴ֮ȫһãֽⱾǺܶи߲֮顣
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ڿƾУĸ߲֮һϸ¡ֳʤǰչ¶ԼĲѧҪ顣
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̫ˣڳȷˣʮҪʽ̤ϴ׵̨Ϊ׵
ΪЧڴѾãȵľôһ졣ҪϿҵĲܡҪĲӣӡϰգȻҪҡ
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ھƾ֮ѾԶǰƳпһǴ׵Ķǡ
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ڿݣֻҪڸɳǵĳн֤ȷݡ
εĿƾ٣ûżңĶͬ󣬲ʲôˣֻҪһ֮ǾͶԲμӣǣֻҪţǰ
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ϣģǰٻţټľ
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һɳеĴ׷״򿪡
һ֮˸ӢԴԴϵĳƳǶȥ
дڣ贩ԽҰͿ̵ʱڵִǣֹ̣֪ʡ¶ʱ⡣ûκΣաƬִ̼ܵƳǡ
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ˣǰҾûд뿪ƾ٣ҵĵ֮ݡ
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ȻΪƳǵΰ׳۶еһ𺳡
ʲ磬֪ԺλںδӦǰָܹԽ򡣡
ոսǣڳеﲢϤ£ȻȻҪ֪ĿĵڵΨһѯʳеİգУŵĲΪ˽⡣
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ֻҪԽ빱Ժ֮ڣסʳȫ⡣һжᰲ׵пֻҪıͿԡ
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ЩƳ˽֪˭˵ĳ
ƾô飬ȻƳаգ˶Դġ͵ſοƾٵʢ¡
Ȼڹϵƽ֮ϡ
֪Ϣѧӿоһݡ
У˲֪˲һڡλã֮أǾ󣬹µҪڡ˵ĺ⹬֮ϡڹءǴװտо̸顣
̤ȥȴ֮٣ȥģ󲿷ֶǳ֮ˣڳУҲ඼Ǳտڲ̸ҲֻѡһЩ˵ȥġԣϵһƽ磬ڴУǳأӲҪ˵
л̤Ϲƽ磬ǵµĵһ㣬ӿֳԵļ
׷¡
̧ۿȥȻ֣һݴӱƽһ˳ݶϡڹַΧڣûа취շеġ
ܶѧӣϣһ̤ƽ硣
̤ȥҲǰԾϲ
ƽϣȻһѩ׵ƻΪ棬ȴһϸȥȻԿһƬ޴Ŀռǰ
ͬʱһ޴Ľ
⽨ռݵʮ
棬ȴΪƺȫͬķݽרŵĿҲרŵ䳡ѵءһʩʮȫ
ǹԺ
ѧӿ̲סһ
ܶԭǾƾٵģȻ֪ԺʲôģǰĹԺģǼֱǿӵͰȫֵһᡣ
޴Żϰͬʱ޴ͭɢϺصϢ
˳ſ￴ȥһ۾ܿһ
пӣīӵȵʥ͵


979 
ӰټңʥͽС
ڤڤ֮УȻʥͱӹԺа޷ԺǸͨڹԺ֮УʧȥЧáͨˣҪͨﵽ׵Ŀģǲܵġһʩչͻᱻʧȥʸ
ңʥ͵ҫ£Ȼκѧӣһµĸо˵˼ȪӿҲܷӳˮƽϣһĸοãȻҪ̫㸧οǱˮн̫á
ʥ͵Ҵ֮УǶңǰټҲáκѧ˵ֻҪããǾͿѧоаټҷԺаټҾ䡣⵱˵ʢ
ǰȻãķչ˵һҶһѧ˵õٷչӰģţȴѧĽչҲչһ֮˵ûа취ġ
ʷΪ֤ġ
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ҶһȺ֮գңīңȵȱȻѷɫ֪١ƱǼֱǽսǶϷ̸ֽߵֶΡ
һ㣬½ǴУûǸԸ⿴ҵ֡
ټ˼룬ײ£ܲһǻۻ𻨡
ͬʱڣȻ̶ʱУǻۻ𻨣ʱǧ꣬ǧĳɾ͡ǲͬ˼ײ費𻨡
һ㣬ڴУܶ־֮ʿжףҲ֪еĵ
ʵϣҲ֪ô֪ѡһҶΪʲôΪ˳Ϊ˼ѧ˵Գѧ˵֮ϡ棬κʱǶǴڵġܻʧġ
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һιûκѧǲġֱģζЦѡ
⹱Ժ治챦϶ҵѧӵľʵ̫Ũˣοƾ٣һҪóǿʵرϵĺ񰮡
ʲôǴȡǰڵֱֵ֪һᣬȫ޷ȡ
һԽӵĶԴ֮ġ

һ׷׵ִƳǣ빱ԺеǼǣ󣬰Ž빱Ժסޣס޲ѣңÿһͣԵĶףѩףӨѩȥ˼ӵ
Ҳʳд⿳ʳǵƾʱķ׼Ķ⿵ļȣȥ׳Ѫ
Ȼڿ֮ǰһ㱦ƽ粢ֹ롣
пԽƳУߣۿҲãҲãûκơ
֪Сƾֻ졣
죬ڳС
󳯻ٿ
У೯Ѿִϣжϣһսۣɢ޾ϡ
ϣƾڼƾٵصѾȷڹԺ֮ڣڻûȷ٣ʱ䲻࣬ӦҪȷ֪ǷѾȷеѡ
Ƴ嵱̤ѯʵ
׳γĵһ⣬ʣҲеһ⡣
پεĿƾߣȫ֣Ҫȷȥſƾٵˡ
Ҳ飬ΪٲֻһλӦλĻһԷֵƾˣԸõĽеȡһˣ
Ҳͬ
˳Լ
ڣҲǷ׷׵ͷ顣
Ͼƾٵ鲻һ֣֮ҪЦЦ׳ô
һȷʵҪ¡֪λпѡ
׵ͷѯʵ
ϣƼ̹Ϊ׵һοƾٵ١
Ƴٴο˵ԭжһ̹ɲǴ׳֮ˣ⣬ϸӺʡΪѧһλ壬ǵ¸أڴ֮УҲԶΪ٣ѧӣвҲ顣
ٲʲôְͨλ
ǰУٵλã֮϶ǴԴҪõ֡
ΪʲôٺʣвμӿߵʦʦǰߣȶҪȥݷ٣ڳʦǶʦ֮ʣ˴˼꣬볯ãȻȻŶʦ֪оڳ±֯һŹϵ
γһϵΣãγɵ


980 볡
һ㣬ʱģĿŵġ֮Уȫǵ̣˵ǱŪġʲô˵ֵгľȫڵ֮ϣÿϳʱֻ֪ιУδ֣ء
󲿷־ڵϵľȴ֮٣£ܲ࣬ܲԣɴѾܿΣ
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ǿٵصĵһΣȥǶǿȺӵ顣
ȿԡԲκ̭֮٣ջơʮ֣壬ԣ˹ɣֻۡһƪۣղۿԾʥߣΪ֡ఴʱȺɲ
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ϾЩǰֻǴе֪δʵҪʵɾͲһ׵顣

ʱţſϵִƾ֮Ҳӽת۾͵ʮ

峿̫ʼųһâʱȻȻ
ţͿԺУŲС
λμӿƾٵĿ뿪h뿼ڿ֮Ѿ׼ķıЯκƷ뿼ٴ꣬пЯκƷ뿼ֻ׼ʹùԺ֮׼õķıѾ׼ţڴаʱʱǰÿнƽ硣켮ǽ뿼Ψһ֤ͨ켮ߣڡòο
һѸٿʼڹԺзʾſں
ǰУμӿƾ٣ǿ϶ÿԼ׼ķıֿƷǳסƷﲻãһжɴ׹ٷ׼㶫ڴȻǲֵһᣬԳ׶žֶΣܵһͬʣƽ
ãƾʮƣ֪ܵõٻ֡
һذ׳Ӻh˳ȻƳУҲ¾ס֮ȴûбʾڿ֮ǰסԺרı
ȷĿƾˣҲһڴҪⳡƾ֤ʵܡ
аһ˿ţҪףǵõյϿɣ߿ƾ֮·һͨĽݾ֮ݣ֮·
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һɫڵһŵ̤h
Ŀ֪ж١
Ժܴ濴ŴʵѾֵֽڡh飬ɴ˿̳ܿμӿƾٵĿѾﵽʮ֮ࡣ⻹кܶ;;˳ˣࡣ
ЩʱԵɽ˺ѹѹһƬ
˳·̤֤ţͿԵִ￼ٴ뿼ЯκƷǰһΥƷᱻ֤ӡڣڹԺ֮У޷ʹá벻𣬻У棬ͨ޷ʩչռ޷һͬͨˡ
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981 
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Ȼǰμӿƾ٣ûжǱ׵˼ǰġǱֿ̬ȶġҪĲμӿƾ٣ЧסΪԴ׶֮ˡ
߹·̤֤š
ʲô֤ţ֤žĵһ·̤·Ǿͺʣ̤ͬһ֮·ֻܽˡ
߹·̤֤ţ֤ϣһεɨԭûƷһ̣׷ױӡֱԵĴռ֮У޷óֻܵȴԺ뿪Ժ󣬲ٴοκ˶ûа취ֵġ
֤ţִľǹԺĿ
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Ŀռ䲢󣬵Ҳ㲻С
Σһϣķıīֽ⡣˺ǺʣõĶħǵβëīϵīʯ޾Ѫںɣ׫дñµ֣ӾзǣӾԣֽר洫ֽյȫֽš
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ֽӾһֶصϢŵ󣬶˼ȪԴԺмΪͷԸӵ
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ÿž϶пԼ֣һ㣬켮ӡǵģûа취Ū١
漴һڱֿ
вһߵģ࣬ʮݡвߣߵġҲǼ࣬ĳߣߵģľڣƺҲ١ߣ߳ߣʱʼﵽȼģȻ¶֮ңв׵ĹסȻмߵļֵ
ǣܹľԱϸϸƷ
˰˳ߣųߵģǾѾ˵١ÿһݣĶӣѧʣ£Ѿﵽ൱׵ĸ߶ȡ
ܿмݾֱӳƾųߣֳһѤĿʮҫۡ
Ŀã̲סһ˿𺳡
Ҳ˵һȺڽľ
ڿĿƺпٴλصhУԺ˯ã񣬲֪УһϾôȻš
תۼ䣬Ѿڶ졣
̫ո𣬹ԺѾ𡣽šвǰÿٴǰ
йһξٴοʼȻһжԵЩˡ
ȻĽ뿼ֱ뿼֮ڡ
ȻνĿһνĿλòͬʵûκ𡣿ԣ޹ء
ȫ뿼󣬳Թź
ʱߵĻڹԺ
пеͨѶڡǻԼ˽ռУһͨͨǽĿ
ȻȻÿһλС
ʲôͨѶռ䣬ԸͲ⿼нУнС
Ҫνпԡ
һжʱһ־֮ɫ
Ҳ֪ľſƣôпġ
ûԥһ䣬׷׽ͨѶ뵽УԵ˽ռ䡣
ÿ˵ıǳԼ˽˿ռ䡣ڴУаͶͨѶʮϤֻǣǰ˽˿ռ䲢ûпţȥҲֻǿͨѡ
ͨѶԷͨǿƵԿԷĻ档ЩѾȫװյճС
УѾϰߡ
˿̣ȴͨͨѶ뵽Уǳռڣռ䲻ʮֵңһƬޡռ䣬пе档
ȻڲǾЩʱЩռУ׷׳һ߲ͷ׵ͨ
Ȼ棬ȴҲûԥΪͨʲôΣա׷׺ԥ̤˽ȥ
̤ͨһɲǣȻȻһѶϢÿһԺС
λע⣬ƾʮƣſƣ֮ɣǽƬռ䣬ڿռУһɳǣǣΪһ֮£ӵиԵգηչԼɳǣȫƾԵοʱ䣬ΪޣУλһĳɹ仯ƾپſƵĿ֡
οˣһûʵ޷˲šռе꣬ԣֻǹȥһ졣ϣпҪϷãҲʵеľͬãõľ飬һĲƸ
һɹѶϢݵпԺС
ѶϢһ¶벻˼֮ɫ
飬ûйҪľйڵĻۣȻΣȴħսеõһ챦֮ںϣѾֵʱ䣬ǰ
챦¥飬棬γһƬõĻռ䡣ĻȴޱȵʵһȥԴѣ־ܵӰ죬ֱ治˭ʵ˭١ʮأʮֹ졣˵˵ейء
¥ںϺ󡣶ʱٴηɱ䡣¥ΪֱһƬ硣ֱ仯ʵ飬ֱ治κεʮֵ졣
Ϊ¥ڣռγɺве˵ѧһȫͬ߸ԵĿƾ١ʵпռУκεı仯ļ⡣ʱκξԼһɳǲ޴Ӱ졣αǿ棬һ޴⡣
棬µûжֻǣɳҲڻҰУȴûдͳһΪһɢɳ淢չõʵÿһӰյĿƾٳɼ
˵
ΪˣĴۿɲСҪʱﵽһ죬ķѵľֱһΪӴ֡
ϣǲҪʧոĿΪ⣬ڣȥ֤ʱηչδдٺãҲһء
У¶һĨζЦݡ


985 һ
ΪʱѾſƵķνпˡ
˶˵Ư˭ſھ䵽ʵǾͲ˭ġ˵ףѣ仰񣬲ûеġ
̸ֽ˶ᡣ
ڣоҪۿЩʵ
գܲܽ룬ӡ֤ʵУǾͿԵ򣬶٣ףҪ̸ֽˣֻҪʵ˲š
ܹۿǿԵĻôĺڴǻһ
Ц˵
ǰʢ£ҪǲĿãʵǸоЩźҲͷͬǴһοƾ٣˵½ϣͬǵһΣԶԶûдﵽԿƾٵĵزԣǾмʷ塣
СٻȻû˵¶ĿȻı¶ĵ뷨
ֿ棬ڲ˵ġ
򵥡ͨͨѶһǰռ䡣ƾٿ
Ц˵
ڱ˵ܽ뿼ɶ˵Ҫ뿼ǲ򵥵顣ټ򵥲
ûгɣ׷ͨѶ֮ڡ
ڣȾǳԼ˽ռ֮ڡ
ǵ˽˿ռͬһƬޣʲôûС
漴һųŮռС
̤ţԵִƾٿռ֮ڡ
еĻг֡
Ůûԥ׷̤˽ȥ
̤ȥһɲǣǰľɫȻá
ٴιۿϣȻԿѾһƬ嫵֮С̤գվһƬ֮ϡվԡ
磬ƣϢĸоʵûô֪磬Բ뵽һƬõ磬̫ˣ·һõº󣬿ʼʵת䡣Ǿ̾˵
Ƿ绹ƣȻһУľǰĿ⻹Ǹ֪ʵڡһƬʵء
ʲôܲ١
֮бռ¥顣ӵ£磬ȻãƬУоʲô١һжʵû̫𡣶ң¥ƬݱһƬء
࣬ޣ壬иָĹʵ½ûֻ̫ǣ಻һȫʿȴûдģƹ㣬֮ͬ࣬ɳǣִ޵ϮȱʣȱʳջᱻɱеһУԵüΪʵˣ˼룬־ԼԸƢʵû£Ҫһĵط
ƽ˵
˵ͺñһںʱͨеСΪʱ̡ٵһδΣʱпܸưܣѾƵٱıԵ
һԲܱȣ٣򷨹ɽȫ԰ȣҪʱпܽٵΣ
ľǶ෽ۺ
֪ܴӱ
ҲЦ˵
˿̣ԿƾٿռС
һֱӴֱһɳ֮ڡ
ԡ
һ⣬ƾճڳǰ
ڳǰŵĻĿã۾һӭȥݼˣˣ³ǵδɶϡҪ³ǵİա
ǰԺпתͷ
һųǣɫ飬Ϣʵû𡣲һǼٵġȴٵʵͬһξλðľΪӦþǿƾиݡһȫھܡ
ѾһʱȷʲôطͬҲֶ̾ԸпѣоȻܾǵǿ
ͬӿֳһɻȡ
ĵطÿʩչȭţĲչֳ
ԣԥͽԼݡ
ûн˿ãҪãԲܳΪƾٵĿ֮ء
ãģôܻ³ǵİգ³ǾļңҲҪ³ǹ
ЦŶЩ˵ʾͨȫǣ֪гаգԲаգаһ½ǵ³ǣһֿУٽ԰
ǣˡ
Щһ¶ϲ֮ɫǱ飬ͺںڰпϣҵĹǡ׷״Ӧ
漴ɳǰȥ˽ԴԴϵĻ۵С
ߣı󶯣һϣҲͬġ
ЩеС
һɢŽһų֮ڡȥ󣬺ܶ࿼Ǻܿͽ뵽ԵĽɫСûгɣԸֲͬķʽʼ뵽ԼĹųǵСʼһ̡
ϣλҲˡ
ʱгּӰϸȥȻǲߣƳˣǿ٣ȻʸƬռ䣬۹ۿ࿼ľֶΡԵĿ֡
һͿеվգȻݼ
ˡ
ʱ¶һĨϲɫ˵
Ϊ٣ܲ
Цŵͷһֱе飬Ľǰˣˡ
֪εĿƾкν顣ǷгڵĴšЦ˵
οƾʮƣνһڿƾϵľ޴󴴾٣Դ֮ѡ˲ţ̸ֽʵӱʵ˲šĿԸıҲڴδӱ˲š
Ц˵
ֻڴסΪУڶԣӵռǿĻۣҲûа취һ㡣Ͷž˴ģֵĿܡ
ҲǴ׵֮һ
ģ¡
ƾٽиĽΪѡ˲šЩҪġеͷ˵
ŮֱӽУͬʱڣڸòʣһųߡÿһΪ
Щϣ˵һϲͨ
ȴڲչֳ׿
磬һͨĿĲȴȫƹ㣬ԶΪģųΧļնתȻһֻıͶȥܹԹĻ·صУ;Уǰ壬նиޱȡ
޵ɱУķȻɾ޴ɱǲͬ䵲ס޹ѵά


986 
пľŽܳ裬ҲӦչֳߵ
пǿۼаɷȻʼͨŽ񣬱֮óһ壬˸Խ׳ذ벽
֪ߣǴѵļӡԼĹųǴͬͭǽڣ᲻ƣ޹ɱʮֵ£ùųаյõϡ
̸ֽͬߣʵʱ͸оһãȻȫû֪֣һƬңң޷ֵв˵ոǱݻ٣ǳеİգһ𱻻ѪɺӣʬҰ
ĿȻһɲǣʹռųɼȻö٣޷ֵУǳرݻ٣ûչֳǽ̻ũ£񣬾񣬹£ҽΣȵȣȫǲȡʡĿûʸΪ׵
ڵһײͱ޳ȥ
ȻгɼʣɼҲƯȥڱ̭С
УһǵİնŪĳ׻Ѫɺӣ˭ȥҪְңûһѧƵܴﵽϣȻȻκ򣬶ʲô֮ġǼͨգͺá
ռڡʱķѴ£ı죬ʱ䣬ֻҪһ磬õ磬Ծ־УķѵԴǺġΪƾ٣ǾԲ˷ѵġ
Ͼתʱ٣ķѵԴҲǺġ
ЩԣһĪ컯ƽױȱ˶ʱ䣬ŶԣʱҪġ
п˶ڷɡ
ʱУеÿһ仯¼Ҳߵȿٿ۵ס
ڵһ꣬д½̭
޿ɱġϾ˭š
֪УʱռѾҪﵽҪ涨ʱ䡣
УƬƾУ췭ظı仯
ܶ࿼ǽʱ䣬Գ
˿̣һųǣƳУԿһڳУ鰸ϣܱʼ飬ÿһ֣ʱأأء
һֽʱʱԿðһŨĲ⡣
Ҳ³һڳǰ鼮¶һĨĵϲЦúúãʱʱ䣬ڱһķ䡣ⲿڣȻԱøӵƣзϿСοƾΣֻҪⲿ䣬ҲΪ׾һ
ɫ̲סӿֳһϲ
ϲãԷ
ͨͲͬܶɷܹܵסͨգסͨеȴסʿסġԣǰĺܶɷĳ̶ֳϣڴԵЩʱˣԣȻ׽ԣ೯עڴ׵ӦɷΪ󲿷ֳЩ沢ó
Ҫעءټϸûʲô̫ʱ䡣գһֱǳڡҪɷǿ϶ҪƳһʱ䡣
ɷʲôɷһһ
һļΪŻ¡Żǡͷһʱ£նͷ­
㦱ķ䣬һڴķ䣬ЩɷҪģϸãⶼȫӦת䡣
ʱһֱӳڵλãǲڡ
һؼ䣬ǳƾٿռ֮ڡ
㦣꣬һʿ֮Уڴףǧ𢡣ƾʮУһƣ֣ʮ̻֡˷֡
һεݵÿһС
Ȼйأһɣڽ̻Ҳž޴档̻ɷķΧ֮ڽУ̻ġɷסġܶѧƣһһĹ
һ䣬ȻǷеڱϣȷʵġãããⲿڣҴ׵ɷ̵ʱڵõƣտʼʵʩ
ⲿɺֱ֣ʧٴγʱѾеС
ԿⲿƺʮֲͬѾʼĹâȫ֣һɷ棬ص
ϸ£ҲɰԵͷ
ȷʵһķ
пҲú⣬ȷʵǶԴһֲ̰
ͬ˭Ҳ˶
ܱķ䣬ңɷڴĸֱ仯һĵˮ©һģֻзеˡ㦡
㦣Ǵսʱκˡ˵ǻʷϵθĸҡҪκĺֹ࣬䷨
ң̷Ĳܣ棬ͬзǷĲܡ꣬ھС͡ƽᡱߣũ񾫸ϸǿùٷڷƽ۹ƽ۳ƽۣͬʱֶʳԷֻġʵзΣϳάȨ»ƶȣйҵˣʹκΪսڵǿ
ͬʱ㼯ʱɱɡǻʷϣһȽķ䣬˵ǿʷ֮Ⱥӡ
е壬޷
ɷһܵӰ졣
ϣһҴױؽøӵҡзôŵ·ϣٴųһϰ
ƳЦ˵
ɷҪӹɡ
УһþǡֹҲȷȨз֮һ˺ǳԵıһߣ׷֮УˡǲãֶҲ˼˵һܣܶȥ׷ڼϵôӣȴҲⲻǲҪӣȨѾȷˣΥɣҪܵƲá
ڶǡ˹屩սʹЩ֮ͽе־塣˹ĿĻΪ˸ǿȡü沢սʤ
ǰ׵ķ򷨹棬һԣԵЩֲˡ
˳֮·ɷȻͨɷοƾ֮󣬻۷˲ţҴ׵ľⲿΪĸһҪǴ£Ǵءݴ
һĨɫйϵ³һ
˳ɷȻô򵥡һƶҪģͲôף˵һƶٸģӣȴĨ˳֮Գ֣Ϊȥͱ˹ءһ档


987 ƾĻ
ǲᶯģÿη䶯˳ֲ̫󣬲Ǻ¡ԣκ֮أءڵõķ䣬һûоֱӽ仯Ϊ뷨ʳʱܻΪ׵
ҲҪһʱƷ䣬
ԷΪʵ飬У漴ʵУйг⣬ҲԼʱĽеȻٸĳʺϵɷɣαķ䣬ԣ̫Ҫˡ
׶л֮ұķ䱾Ϊ˴ףֻҪܶԴײ棬ǾǶ
¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
Ĳ˵ֻΪ㱨ףܹõ׵ӣǾļֵο飬Ѫվ׷ѡܷӳӦеļֵҪġ
Ȼ˶õ֣̻ĸ߷֣Ƕ֮ϲԣǽ׹ٳȻҪ᲻Ȼܵġ
㦣ѵĻܱ䣬Ҳ֮СǷеĽܳһƾ٣̨ͬǵοƽƾʮУɲֻ̻⼸ƣһȫԵĿˣһƲʲôֲܷҪġ
վڳǽϣеĴ̣һĨɫ
㦵֣İֻҲûб¶ʲôʵɫ㦵Ĳܣ츳һĲ˵һϣû˭ܳԽΪ֮ûɷǾ̸̸зԣһƣ˭㦡
ƾٿĲֻ
ͬ˵һȫŵ
ھ»ϣǵӦ֡
һ³ǣ̶ʱ䣬Ѿз췭ظı仯
Կǰ³ʮưܣĲȣһգƵپϣ޹оһ̾ͻצ֮¡
ڽܺ󣬿˵С
˽еľӳѡ¸ߣһְλȨ̵ʱ䣬аյĸȶ
ͬʱѸټ׳ӣɳǷϳǽسǽڳ⣬ھ壬Ϊ޽ս֮һشһƬյء
³ʼĽ׶ΣܹС赲⡣
󣬾Ǵֲʳڳ֣ٳһƬʳ߲ˣټϳԭȵʳ³ڳڣ͵ƽɡ
󣬾ǹаŻ˵ǽ׵ķʽַʽȫ³ǵʵܲϱǿ
ң漰Ȼûа취ͬһõǷսԪעɱͬ޴󡣸ֻʩҲ£ϱ仯ھϣڵ꿪ʼͲϵñܱߵ޽Χˡİȫ
ڣǽѧԺֻⲻֻѧϰ徭ѧԺսѧҪҪ
ҵϣǿٳһȫ·н̡ͨ໥ͨޡ˵ÿһƵ϶õʩչ³ǴϡѾʼñ˵ڸ涼ȫ˲š
ã㦣Ҵ֮һǷʽʼãããΪ֮һưĶǰķڷ
һڵİգ
˼ݣˣϰ֡ϣѾΪĵزڷһһƵĿûдˡΪҲûбҪ
֪УʱȻţһμ
¡¡
дһ
ţ˾͸оһεԼ泯ȡȥһԺ𣺡ʱѵвμӿƾٵĿռ뿪뿼ٽλеıֽ֣ʮΪ֡;̭ߡҲĳһƾнܳߣлͨƾ١
ƾʮƣκһƣﵽߣͨƾ٣ܷߣΪ״Ԫҫ
УǺĻ
дһ˿εϣ˸оŭһεѹ
ռУǺףܵo
ƾٳɼ֮󹫲ڹԺ¥ϡ
ǺĻٴ
ǺȻҪЩĳɼʲô£ֻҪԸ⣬һʱеʱ䣬Ҳһֻ塣ڿͬҪٵϿɺⶨ
ң¿ƾоɲǿЦһо٣Ǿ͵õ˼жܵõ޴ĺôѾءɷָ
ˢ
Щ£ʱһε£п׷״ռųȥ
ٴλָʱѾ³ڹԺڣ֮С
һ
ڿڣɫƺ뵱뿼ʱһҲɰԸ̾һⲻûб仯ѾȹһһҹѾǵڶ졣
Ժеľ䣬ȴԸпռѾȹʱ䡣ķḻζ˼ٵġɹʱ⡣
л㱣Ȼ顣
ȻһĪ컯
ƽױȱ˶ʱ䣬βһ컯
漴вǰÿ뿪
׷׷غh
Ȼоɿڵζڵš
ЩҲ˵ȴ˵ڿϺ󣬹ԺУԱڿľͬʱԴеõֽͳƣϱߵˣյĵ
˵յĳɼ滹Ŀܡ
磬ƷԵյ֣пܻΪЩƷԲյҾ͸һ㡣ϼ֡
û뿪ɾסںhС
ͬʱҲûнֹ
УȻȫڹԺڣǷ׷ƳιȺһ໥ꡣ顣
ƾٽڶʱ
ƳѾһ
Ĺڡ
нӼ
ϣһݾοƾѡһʮμӿƾ٣;̭ߣټϿƾʮƣûκһܹﵽı޳ѡʣоߣһǧʮˡڿƾʮУжܡЩһȴĳһΪ
Ƴ彫һݵǰϴһ˿ϲ˵
ǧʮˡ
¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ
666δЩ̫ɺˡ
ȷʵĿƳҲЦ˵
ãһοƾ٣ܹоˣҴ˲űҰĴţ治һ˲ŽдҴ׿Զñˡ
жȻ˵


988 
οƾٵĿʮȷΪ˴ʱܹӵ㹻ǿĴڵһʱڣѸٽµĽѹסܹѸٽ´ľκεĲܹΪȶ£ռݵĽ޷ƿصĻ
ĻҪȥֱӲ
ҪţҪһһӡȴڱ֤ЧʵͬʱԴ׵ˣʲô̫Ĳ
ǰĴףȱٵľֵ̡
ڣһοƾ٣Խֵ̳׻Ĳ˵ȫ֧һεš
ʥռ֮Уʱпˣʵ򣬾ж࿼һʵ飬Ϊһ۾顣ԣֻҪղܽзȫԶžǳûһֻҪųȥѸٷӳáһ̸ֽӹš˾٣νǹ𢣬츣ա
Ƴкڵ¶һ˿塣
Ƿĵġ
Ŀƾ٣ȫڿֳĲܣӦķ䣬ɷţ༰ȥɱ
֪Ϳôάһǿʢ̬
ⲻԼĲܡ
ƽ˵ȻҲһ˿Եãȴûϱֳ
ҲʼԼƻױҪñ
ֻήٵϢĿԺΪ϶ѣӫľԲǿЦģһᷢ
ʲôʱû֪
ʮ֮ڣʱ̫ģײƽ׵ʮʱ䣬һ꣬½У췭ظı仯֪գҲ֪ж콾䡣Щ˭˵ڴ֮⣬֪Ŷٵա
Щ壬ɴˮС
дԷƱܱûбȴ׸ʺ棬Ϣûбȴ׸ܴϵ
ܱߵҪȡҪѹơҪɱ
ֻҪֻûг֣ñľľͲ׸ı䡣
ռݽԽӵе˾Խǿͻࡣǰܵĸδ¼ԪȻȫǰ嶼סҪ˲أӲҪ˵Ǳ塣ǽһѩϼ˪Ĳп
ǰ˲Ŵ񣬿ƾɣҴ״չȭŵʱ̡ñһʱڻҪԶ״ԪԼ֮̽ȥʽ¼˲š
Ƴڴñ飬ûзԡ
ڿӪǧľʱͳ׷ˣĴףıǿ׳ڲţʲôʱš
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浱вٵ˲šϵ˲ž࣬һ㣬ҲΪעġóΣףѹһѹܱ߻ҰɳͬһڻҰСûĻͻִ鷳
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ڼߵĿҲЦŹص
оˣʣѾһֻ̤׵ĳ֮ϣԺķչ˭޷Ԥϣ֮϶ǰ;ˣȻҪύμӿƾٵģȻûм޴ġһƾ٣ʲôͬս顣ڹٳϣʱµġ
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ʮУֻ¼ȡˣѾһ൱˵ıʡ˭ҴƱ˵ԼһܹС
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ңܶ࿼֣ſԽߣȻõ˾ͻԽӵŨɢĽͻøӵŨһ֡Ȼǵõ˱Լ֮Ҫһ֡
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ĬĬؼĽ
ܴ磬ΪңҪңܴĲѧ֮УһܴλáΪңܴǰ;
УһŮ˳ܿɫԵЩ԰ףƺһ˿̬ŮСɣ˿̣ϣһı顣
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990 ״ԪѲ
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991 н
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ûд˵屾ǻ츳дܷƷټϴװȣԴԴϵĳ֡


992 
岻˵ûļգֻǣǸּգںһ𣬴Ӳ˼ƷǺܶ岻ȥеġ
󲿷嶼û˼˵ûȥ
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ųȥԣǴѾʼ̭ƷһЩӰ˫ʵƷЩܱųȥʵе飬ͬ롣
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פŴ顣
ϸȥȻԿд壬аˣһصĵؾܿ飬ţͷˣЩۼһôһʮֹĸоӡңЩУսףƤ֮ģվڳǽϡųǽ
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ԿϣкˮðڻлΪС
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ʱͿϵĻ뺮ʱһʧƺطǹڡ

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ʮңǹҪˡ
ʱûгĬ˵
ȻԣֻҪǮǹ˭ġϵЦݱøӵĲáȻ鼫á

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ЩԣȻǺӦڴУ⡣
һǹ֣ǽлǽͨ󣬳ΪĴھǴ׵һּ档δѣΪȻǺãʲô⣬ҲʧʮöҶѡ
ҲЦ˵
ĸ߶Ȳͬ۹Ȼòͬ
ʱͻȻָһλã쿴ΧŲˣ֣ǹȥɡ
˳ָλÿȥһ㳡ϣȻҲΧһȺˣ壬Ҳսʿȷʵ൱֡
Ǻãǹȥơ
ҲûоܾЦ˵
ûʲôĿģȻȥ
һһʹ˹
ЩʯͷҲ̫˰ɣ˭֪浽ûбȻ۸ôףóһʯͷƭ˰ɡ
ǰЩʯͷǻҲģʲôôܻбȭͷһ飬ȻҪһöңôȥ
һʯͷѵҪƭǡǣ干ͬάĻУҪŪ٣壬ҲҪԶԺ󶼲ٽ
һʿսʿ׷׿˵
УԾʹһֲŵ
Ув˶ԹʯǶʯԭ磬ûںǰʯĵĶʯ֮ԭʯ棬һʻ̺ʯ䣬Щʯͷ˭֪ʲôʯͷʲôֱ̫ˡ˲òɣǲġ
Ůһ˽ȥ
ϸȥȻԿǵ̯һȺˡȺ˻Եʮֵ׳˶ɢһ˿˿ΪǿϢֻǣòԵüΪĴֺ
˷Ϊܶ࣬Ҳͬ
Щϲ죬Щϲڿȵȡ
Щ˾ǱȽϲʯȺڿʯ׽ܹȻҵֶĿھǾʯ
óʯͷȻʲôͨʯͷ
λѣɲҪСЩʯͷǰе̽飬Щʯͷͨ˵һֻ춴ʯʮּӲʯͷȴ̺춴ռ䡣ؼ޾еĸ챦пĳпϱģҲпǶҩаħʲôпܴڡҲпʲôûУпһƬޡܵõʲôȫԵ
ʯĵľǸԵȻЩʯ۶ûа취Ŀʯͷеı춴ռʯͷ棬ͫܿҲһƬޡ
ֿʮִĲȷ
ֻп֪Ǻܶͫǿߣ޷ȫ̽еЩƷ༫ѵĶʯпȴһУһЩ۵Եʯȴп̺ϡ䱦
˵һãһ
춴ʯڵĻ춴ռ޾գ½ϵؼȡıԣ˭֪̺ʲô
ҲǶʯڡ
춴ԭʯʮϡ٣κһ˵һϲƸ
˼û뵽неĶʯ
пҲһ˿ǿҵȤ
ʶתۣ۱пһ˫۾
͸Щԭʯʯͷʯ̺ͬͬһεϱݣҵ۶޷ƿӡеոԼ䣬ƺһŰĺڰڻصںڰУЩڰƺǿһĹâȫڵģ΢ģҲƺŨҵġûĻŹâģа˳ɵİգ̺һЩ챦
аԳ
ԭʯܿľһֺڰĹâƺһִʣʮȷ
ʯͷбô
¶֮ɫ
ʯͷУȻ˵ǵһ˵
Ҫģ˵챦ǰ˵ںʱؼ챦Щ챦ɢ½򣬵ɢ޾е챦϶࣬˵ͱЩ춴ʯС
Ҳһ˿Ȥ˵
˶Уʿûа취ƾͨ̽ĶԽӵ˺棬ȻľͱһֶԡеҪ֪̺ʲôԼǷȱ˺ãжһֽҵ
һ顣ԭʯʲô۸񡣡
һʿԿʼ⶯˵ָһ鲢ԭʯѯʵ
Ҫöҡ
һЦǿʯͷȭͷС
ȻԭʯļֵҲ˵ԭʯĴСжϡʯͷĻ춴ռ䣬ͺǽһССһ飬ĿռδؾͻС˵ԶԶҪĶࡣ
̫ĲȷԡûпǾ˭ʲô
δ֪ʿĸڡ
ãöңһʧ𡣡
ʿϵóҡ
һֽǮһֽ
ԭʯõС
ԭʯҪôС
ʿѯʵⶫʲôɻ䡣
ʯûʲôɻ䣬춴ռ䣬ҪУһû춴ռֱ˵˵ıӱԵУ춴ռֻҪӴͲٲ𡣻Ὺ໥ͨѷ졣
һѸٻش
ҲһС顣


997 
ԣһʯǴӱԵʼСԾܱԭʯеĻ춴ռҲıʲô޴ˣȻûж⻹һδ֪˭
ȻԭʯǺܼӲƾͿԽ֮п
ڵõʿûԥ
ֱóһսűԵһиȥ
꣡
һɾ䣬ܸɴľͽһʯͷипʱԿԭʯУ˸źڹ⣬ƺܿһռ䣬ĿȻȻĴһѷ졣ѷУһƬڣڰƺȫ⡣
ˢ
ʱڵѷУһֱӳʿɱȥ
ʲô
ʿȻҲû뵽ֶΪͽˣɱıһնȥٶȼ죬˲ն档
һ棬ȴоһּΪĴƺնĳֻĶϡ
һҲΧʿǵʲô
һ㡣
üһɫ㡣⵽ʲô

һʿʱͿʼ
ͬʱѹ
ɫȻ޷⣬ͱѹһȴһɫϣԿɫģʮơǾˡ

ʿ¶һ˿ϲЦöǺöȻһռ̺һƬСĴռ䡣ңмǿķȻ챦Ҳһϵȵķֵˣöܵõıֵٱǧ
һϲ
öҿɹ򲻵ĿռȻһǴ׬׬
λѣûУʲôǻԵһҹһڵʲôδĶʯɲ࣬ҪˣǿɾҲûлˡ
Щ˿Ц
Χʼ⡣
һ顣
ҲҪһ飬Ҫѡ顣
Ҫ󵽣ѡ
ܵʿ׷׿ʼĶշ׷ǰѡ
ò˵ʯǾмյġ
еĻǧңпʲôûУֱǿѼңȫѪ޹顣еģгһЩҩģǸָĲϡ
ܵ˵׬⣬пǰȫûа취ȷеûжеĻֵǶ٣ЩֻгһЩãɫѿӴѧгϲ
˵һ̣ʿҲͨûʲô
ҪҪҲ򼸿һԡ
Ц
ⲻʯξͿ˭áܴгʲôЦŴӦ鲢ûзԡ
Ҫ顣
Ҫ顣
ŮҲʼѡʯ
ûѡСģֱӳŴĶʯѡȻĿ϶۸Ҫ󡣼۸ߡһʿԸʵǲ˷̫Ǯơ˭ǮǴġ
ЦҲѡһ飬ѡĲʲô൱ģֻһԴСԭʯ
һԭʯܼȴﵽʮöҵĵز
ôֱʣ֪ЩԭʯûбҪеĻֻʲô챦
ʿһɵĵĿ
档
Ҫ֪澿᲻б
ҵġ˵бҸоӦûж
СٻһҲɵһ˿ȸԾԾԾԡȾͿ˵
ѡǿ飬һ׸ߣһԭʯءްԡ
ãǾ㿪ʼлСЦ˵
УֶʯԼиоСٻЦ˵óһѵѾ˹ȥ
ԭʯǰΧԭʯشۺ
漴Ͷһȥ
꣡
һܿһѷ֣棬ƺܿһ㱦ת
й⡣
б
ʲô죬Ͽпôԭʯ֪浽ײʲô챦
ΧʿΧ˹һ˫˫Ŀųȡ
һ󿴵ĹâоԽӵļ
ǹâֳɫϱãʮء
СٻƺܲҲЦ˵
СٻҲһ󼤶ٻսԭʼп
࣡
һ죬춴ռ䳹תɫգۼ䣬Ϳһһ׸ߵľǰɢĹâܶʿ͸оڵԪڻĳײ񺣡Ԫһ˿
ʲôҸоԪһ˿
棬Ҹо̺ž˵ң޾ĵϡʵ̫ˡ
һʿĿȵĿǿ龧塣
ԴôԴ
пҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ⶫʶԴԴǣûмôԴ
ԴԪ߶Ũ۳ľеľʯеľʯң֮Ա֮ΪԴ̺ˡ̺ԴеĵϷ֮
һСԴֵǺѹġӲҪ˵ǰһ׶ߣֱԴеľްԡֵɹ
Դ𡣡Сٻѯʵ
Ȼ󣬾һ飬ٶǧöҡ˵󡣡û˵ؼǣԴⶫҪûа취ҵطȥ
СٻæǿԴݵǰǷɫ䣬û˿ԥ·һѰƷ޼֮
пһۣûж˵ͷ

ҲԾԾԵ˵
СٻгȻҲһǿҵڴ
꣡
˵žǰ׼طһȥ
¡¡
пһɲǣͻȻһܿ׹˸վԱߣ˻ë̲ס
б
ǿһϲжûжңƣƺһı
æиȥ
գۼ䣬ԭʯ⿪
ʱһɫľʯǰ
ھʯϣƺܿɫϽ׹˸
ǾӦԪʯ׺׵䱾ͬɫʯȴ֮κεطʱգֱӻΪһƬ׺Ϊġܻ׽֮ʮƷﵽƷһѵõıġ
пҲһĨɫ
û뵽ǵǲгı
ȻǱйأΪ׵ʣȻΪǿ󣬵Ȼ˲ܣ˲ԵвĿܡ
磬еĶʯʲôûС
ƺҲ̫ãֻгһֻƻпƻȻǷҲֻ̫һѣƽȥܸһ֮ġЧ̫á
ҲϾʯκһ鶼ж


998 ˮ
Уֻʣûпʯ
к棬Ц˵Ҳпɣ˵һΪ챦Ȼʯ̫ĲȷԣǾãеˣѡĶʯУӦûжΨһǣǶǺûǻ⡣
ǺãпϣҪʲôûС
Ц˵
ûвҪʯֻһȤѣȻֶδ֪ڴлǴڵģûжй㣬а˳ɵĿС۵ֻԼһ˿âʲôһ޷̽顣ֻ֪ƺж
Ҳпгľһ龧ʯһ֦ʲôġ
йâһһսѾС
£ӱԵʼи
һȥ׵ľͽǰԭʯп
п󣬶ʱһ㱦ȻȻĴӻ춴ռɢ
й⣬쿴б⡣
жйб֪浽̺ʲôıڴ
ܵʿõһľ飬ڷ֣һʯͷֻҪпܿ⣬ǾͿ϶жǲǱһ£ֻҪжǾͲǽǮȫӽˮˮһա
ԣЩʿ֮Ϊ⡣
㶯㣬浽ʲô
һҲһ˿ǿҵڴЩȲˡʼߴٵ
µĶҲ˸䣬Ѿǰԭʯп춴ռûʯƤİ£ͺĭֱʧ
һȻǰ
أ
ֳһɲǣͻȻ䣬ؼ䴫һ񺿵Ľֻ棬ʮֿ£ƺĳֿµ챦һ㡣иӦ

Ҳ¶һĨȣ漴Ϳ򳹵׳ֳıϡ
ϸȥϸʲô̫֮
һķĺӣֻǣʲô϶ģȫǽ񣬱ȴһ˿âûУһֹӣҪǸոǴԭʯгڳʱγɹ񺿵ֻ˭Ϊһֻϻӡ
һ챦ңһԵ챦
аԳֻаƴСϻУһɲǣһѶϢȻȻĳԺУеԣڵõֻϻӵѶϢɵĵһ
һȻһһԵ챦
һԵ챦ңǷģǺʣȻǼΪǿģƷףԶͬ챦Ϊ챦ֻܷӳһΣеƻһ˲䳹ţӳ޷
ǰһĴɱ
һ߶ᳬ˵
ƽ챦ȴڽԪԽƷʲȡԪԽ࣬ڱһǣܷӳƻͻӾˡƷ׻ܲӣǻƽףɱ䵽ףǵؽףײΣֲֻʲôز
Ժһͷ
챦ԿԳΪеһƣһɱﵣڹؼʱ̣ŤתǬ׶սֵĴɱ֪ǶôĿ¡
ȻУڶһθԣЩС¡ȫԽܡ
ûԥĬĬĽֻϻսڣͽСĬĬšһɹԪȥܿϻϣÿʱÿ̶֯ص
Ů໥һۣпһĨء
ڿ󣬺ԥ챦ȻԲһıȻǷͬСɣǼɻĪǲЩûмʶĴŮˣȻ챦Բʺǰ¶óԣոչ񺿵Ļ棬Ŀ
ԣ˭ûʣ˭û˵
Χʿȴ¶֮ɫо͸ֻڲšĲС
ˣ߰ɡ
ЦŴŮ뿪
ʿֺֻܽѹĵף˭ûа취ʱǿ׷ʡ
ڳι
ͻȻ䣬ǵ۾һָһλ˵쿴Щʲôˣˮ塣
˳˵˹ȥ
ȻԿһȻפһȺʿǵòӡ̡бϱһֻǵģлֻзǯġϴϺǵģɢŨŨˮԺĿЩӦþˮ塣
ˮ壬ˮе塣
ЩһȺϺз֮ġ
ˮ塣
Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ҫ֪У½ˮķֲ˵ǱˮķΧҪ½ػҪϲ٣򣬵޾
ˮУ˭֪Ŷٵˮ塣
ˮеҲǧٹ֣֮ϵ壬Բٵȥ
ˮУΪǸеס
ΪʵԭڵĴûˮе໥Ӵһǻûн뵽򣬶ˮУ̫Σգ˭׵ȥ
ĴףȻûнֽ뵽ˮеĴ㡣
ξȻ￴ˮ֣һʱͱú
ˮеڴ׶ԣǳδ֪
УˮУ̫̫챦
ǰһ仰ĪޱҪȥң֪ˮе챦ȴϣҪӵķḻ
￴ˮ壬Ҳһ˿Ȥ
˵ܴϣҵһˮӴȱڡ
ؼġ
ˮеϵˮеˮףչһȶ·Ƕڴ׶ԣһ޷ĻΪͳڷɵϸ
Ժпһͷ
֪УѾЩˮ̯λǰ
λѣˮУȻ½ϵ壬ҲҪһͨޣõҪƷڷŵĶһЩˮزҪģԹ򣬼۸
һŹǵЦǺǵ˵
ɫǺ
ʲô
ʿָһƷ˵
ϸȥǺȻһɺ
һѪɫ籦ɺ
ѪɺڴеҩЧ̺κƣֻҪ˿ĨѪɺеҺ壬Ѹϣ˿ڶκΰ̺ۣϹ裬ϡܿڷֻҪϵƣЧǣǱƣҲƶס񻯡ƵΣʱ䡣ǱľƷסؽ׼Ʒ
ϹЦǺǵ˵
һˮеز
鵤ҩ˵Ǳıҩڹؼʱ̾õġıһ˵ܶʿЩѪɺĿʱͱüΪ
Ķ˭̫ࡣֱǺ޲ԽԽá
Ʒײͣﵽؽ׼Ʒ
ˮйȻ챦ڶࡣ
ҲǰԵͷ


999 ټţ
Ѫɺǰ̯λɲ٣֪ˮУںУѪɺӦò̫ıҲпܣǸպҵѪɺ֮أдĴЩпܵġⲢĥˮĸԣǹھء
ЩǴУѩ飬Ϊѩ飬ϣľģŮݣüѩ覣ոǲڻ¡ĥɷۣκζ֬ˮ۶ѷɫ
Ϲٴοʼܵ
ָŵ̯һѩ׵飬Źâϡ䡣½ϣǺѿı飬ֻڴеƷãЧΪġ
ѩ飬ڴУͬǸĳ
õ½Ǿ͸
½ϵļ۸񣬱ǲ༫ͬ໥ͨļ۸࣬Ҳִ̼ڵĸ塣
ѩ飬Ѫɺ䱦磬ݣࡣ鱴ȵȣټϸָĺ䱦ġ˵ߵĵ̯Ŀ󱦹磬̲סױ
ЩƷԺУԴеˮ塣֪Ȼһӣͨ󺣣ңԶѵǴӳιġ
пǰˮ壬ѯʵ
λ˵ЦˣҪ˳ųιˮҲûа취ˮдڵյؽ½Ҫ١ࡣȻ취ǰ½أȻǺף׿УĺܶƷҲˮҪġѣҲһҪ
ϹЦǺǵ˵
ɫ䣬ˮ©ǰףҵ֪׿еģһ㶼ûнҲû˵ֺҪ½֮Уͨǵ·ȫ޼ܴ֮ĲƸ˭͸¶һ޶¢ϲһҹĸ
ȻϹ겢ûд͸¶ǵ
ĿҲܼ򵥣ǾǲμӻУͨޣȡҪĸƷ
һϹ꣬Ҳһ򵥵ļһ֪ټ׷ȥҲ϶òʲôмֵĶֻܷŹ
漴Ҳﹺٺ׵Ķز
ѩ飬ֶòżЧĶŮ˵Ȼӹɵġһöѩ飬۸һöҵĸ߼ۣ޷赲һŮ޵飬תۼ䣬ͱһա
˴ĿģòŮе𺳡
ȻҲ˲١
ѪɺıҲֱһ¡
е½Ϻѿġ
ǴݣֻҪںӡǣһ˿ֻҪһΧڣͨѶϢֱ֮ͨġоƣֻǧ֮ڲϵһ룬ϵͻòȶ޷ٲϵ
˵ĳ̶ֳϣѾǼΪ棬ϧ޷׵ͨѶȡ
ֻҪڴ֮УǽˣɿͨǿԷò
ܶ˳ں棬вҲֹ򼸼ȴܵܶϲûа취ʹͨѶҲûа취ܴװյı⴫ݣɣĳ̶ֳϾֲһ㡣
ŷͬһ
Ȼʮǿգһֻֻݱһա
ЩˮЩ̫ɺϣô֪ǴҪлУȷʱ䣬УЯƷȻб
뿪Ǵ̯λ󣬲˼˵
һɺ⣬ɺϳһǾ;Բ⣬˵Щˮ
޷ȻҹˣǾͿ϶ֻΪڻлȡһЩƷҪżûв´Ļȹһʱ䣬Щˮ϶ϵͫ|ҴһĽסǲĴ
ƽ˵
ոյֻһμ򵥵̽ѡ
ˮǰҪֻΪ⻥лȡһЩԴĻˮлԵЩ̫޴
½ϣʲôطֱܱӸٷнҪĸӷ򵥡ңܻȡ棬Ӿ޴Ҫһȶ·ʡǾͬˮ½ͺǹŴʱ˿֮··ȡ棬޷ġ
Ϲ겻Ǵ֮ˣˮУӲûߡ
Ҫǰ½أ뻥ȴϵףǼֱǸ߿ˡ
Բ֪ģ綼֪
ˮ壬ͬǿҵȤ
ɣǿʵ̵һݾ
ι
ܿڳлַڴشڹԼǵƷǱ¶ϲȫԿǷĵġ
ڻУҸʱ޿̲ͨţϽŽףΪ׵ýûκɵġֻң׽Ĵڡ
˵ͽĻжԣͨѾﵽƣкͨУȥųȥ
ʣ嶼Ͽҵĵλ
У׵ˣȻӡ
̾ƺϵƺ죬øǿУͶ˲١
ɢԽԽŨ
ƺʱɱĿܡ
֪Уϡ
ϣǰȥ顣
ʱǲûΪʱı仯ʲôı䣬Уʱ䣬Уǰ컹ǺҹǲͣЪġͽҫĵƻͨ硣
ʱǰҵеˣһϢ
ԴˣмҲòϼιȥ¡뵽С
ͫ|μϣμλ
ͫ|ڳеȴǵִʱֻС۾ڷŹ⡣æǰӭ
ˣͫ|ʲôҪʱҹĪʲôʡ
ƽİ˰˵
вûʲôʣƶĹ˭£ⶼΪдΪǿܣǿʵЩ嶼ƻء
ͫ|˵ΪǿҪϣ˵ϿżĽ顣ǰƺҪҪ顣
壬ѵţ
һĨɫ˵
˵ľ֡
ͫ|ͷ˵
ãǾȽطдһ¿ˡ
Ц˵
ˡ
ͫ|æЦ
ͬʱԥľͿʼȥ׼һϯ׼дˡ
ȻЩͫ|׼
һȷƬ̣ζȷ׷׾Ͷ
ĵصڳĻ԰С
ͤڰһ
ֵܣþûˡҸʲô
˻ûеѾȴ˽
ϸȥֻһߴЦţϿһ޴ĸͷǵ̤˽ţ峤ţ˭


1000 ͥ
ţ֣þò
Ҳһ۾Ϳţ˵ˬʣҲ¶һĨЦ⡣
ţ֮ĽȻֻмΣܺθڣ˴˼Ҳѵõѡ
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1001 ˮ
ħս󣬱˵ɵѾﵽླΣѪ̣ǷླеĶǿߣླľ磬սڷླһУսǿģ淥ླ۷ǿߣͬսҲͬս
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1002 Ů
ȻеòƲʲôӢȴǷԽԽͿ֡ȻŮУľһظо
ʱԺҲڰ˸ͷǴ˵еУȻҲûжôܽ˴һƬҵȻֻڻйۿҲ֪Ľڻʲô龰
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䶼ҩ˵ڵС


1003 ѪΪ
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1004 ͥ
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ͥʱѪΪˣǽУͥҲ˵ͥ˶еϵһͥǿȻѪΪ˵ĸ嶼ܵõ˷Ҳǿ󡣵Ȼͥ˥䣬ҲֲͬˡȻΪѪΪ˵ԭ򣬾ˣҲֻһˡпܳȺľ档
ֲͬĺ
Եġ
УһΪ壬ǧûκȺԺʼڼ֮УȻڵģǿǣǷ˵ս
ټϱһ屾ΪսﶼǺսʼնûǸܹһΪݵλ
ֻҪһʼǿͥûǸԺ
˸սʿ׷׳ԼѪ屾еߣɱͥһ㣬У˵һԱܵϿɡû˭顣
һѪûѪУգѪػΪ棬죬Ѫ糱նҪȼڻУȻԿһ޴ĽɫƾۣʮɴС°˾ʮɣһȻ£һУͨɢ⡣
𣡣
ƽ۳󣬶ʱһ˻ǺУݳһսսصս⣬־·ʱҪգԡѪɱ
һƽɡͥ顣ƽɵĴСȻҴ׵ѷɫ١˸һͥγɵ˹ǿ󡣡
жɵĿٲȻԴصľ룬ңԶƽԭϵı仯ӦУصľ붼
ʮɸߵĻƽգҪϹŻῴ඼Ϊ󣬵ȴδأǵ飬ܶ඼Լ棬Ĥݵͼڡʣֻβͬ顣
ò˵һĵ񣬻ƽǵĵͬǿ
Ҫ뽨̤ͥ˳֮·ǾͿǲܿĹȥĿ䣬ôȥˡ
¡¡
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һֻɫԽг֣·ϲɢһɲãϢ
ѹϯֻڿԻ۶ɵĻƽɣƺûκ
ֻǿһۺ󣬶ʱͳױպϡƺᡣ
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׺ܿƽϵԽӵĸǿ
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ĿãϺޱ仯
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Կ˳ͬԡ
Ȼһͬʡ˭⡣
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ֻһ׽ϣƽٴλצʱֻצһƬڣƺҪ׻ƽϽһϵˣ˲ͻָ
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ĿãͫһԳ
ǿʲôǾܹ˿ٸԭֻҪ޷˲佫ɱѳ׻ɱǵ˥䣬նˣв
Ȼڶʱֻȥֵ
У޷临ԭĵڵˡ
ܿոջָʱƽɵƺСһȦԣ˴ŵġ
ܵԵĴ
漴ǵĵס
εĽ׸ǿ󣬲ڻƽϣ޷ɾ޴ˣһֻצƬľצٴλָĴٴСһȦԼ䣬ֱ½ʮɴС
ֻһôֲļӿ¡
һһǿңǱ
ÿһûƽ飬˲Ϣָ
ȴڲС
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
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׼
ھŵºеĽƿɢһĻƺ
ͥ
ڶɹٵһɲǼ䣬ƽϴϲ췢һϺȡ
ʱѪĻ̾ڻƽϿգΪһƬɫĻ棬Уڡƺ֮
ĻƽԭͬʱƽԭֻܱͬǣԽԶԽӵ΢
Ӳ񵱳нʱһ˲쳹硣


1005 Ӧ
ؼһ˳ȻõϿɣش̵ҫ֮쳹㽮޾գͥûʸʲôʱ򣬶ֻеһܱǣеһ˭ǵסڶ
ӰȻ޷׿ʱȡ
ɵӰ죬Ĳ˵ƬУǺ䶯ԵġըԵġ
ƽԭͥͳ֮ڡ
ܿƽԭϣһ˿˿Ļ棬ԴԴϵû뵽֮Сͥĵˣж٣Ȼ򣬵˾ͻ۵֮ͥС
ͥͥ
ãӽҲͥˣôҲ£Ҳһɢɳ
ʲôԼеıѣҪ潻սδǵĶ֡
ƽԭϣ˷Цϲ
ȻڽͥеΪ˷ܡͥڣܽ˲ϵһ𣬲ܷӳǿս壬໥ϣսԲһһڶ顣
ƽԭϵĻȣܱڣܶ岿УȴǱ̬ȡ
һƬڵĵ¿ռС
ʮΣû˴·Ļûܹҵ
ڵ¿ռУȻܿﾹȻһƬ磬ȻһȺȺܹ죬ʱȻȻһӰС
Ӱħһפز䡣
Ӱħ屾һʮֹµ塣
ӰǱأǺڰµɱִ̿ͣǱذɱǳ뻯ʧ֣һǶϣֱǳԷ˯޷ȣʱпܱԴԣܶӰħ嶼ηЫ˱ᡣʲôʱЩɱ֪֡ôġ
˿̣ڲУһںɫеӰ̧ۿգƺܴصĽޣңԶľ롣
һһ壬ȻʱŪôһͥȻֻϵͥȴӵе岿Ǳ׵ʵȵĲòһ˳˳ǿ˳ȻįΣաףͥӲġ
ӰħǿЦЦ૵
ͥ飬ɴһԹ۵̬ȡ
峤ͥ϶ͻݿɿ鱨һֱڲϵɳǣɳǵֶΣЩɳǽȻͷųȥɳѹҰԲǧڣȻһɳѹЩɳǣǴ׵սҪҪʲô
һӰħʿ󣬿ѯʵ
żӰħõʱͥǴô׶Ըġ֮ǰоʧڴСȡʤǹؼȾ˵
Ӱħ峤ҡҡͷ˵

ڻҰУһƬƬУһ޴ޱȵĹ׸ߣڵĺмףŤ֦ɢȴûҶ˳֦䡣͸ࡣ
ҪϸȥĻͺͷÿһʮ׵ֱǵ̡
ĵطд͵޹ݵʬǡ۰׹ǣĴĿġһ۾ܿԲʲô֮ءŨŨѪϢؼ䡣
һ꣬Ȼһ޴ޱȵ߷
߷ǵУһòľħ̧ۿƽԭķд塣
һʮףһˣĿɨգϸȥȻǾħ峤Ħޡ
ߣ彨ͥͥôҲҾħһĦ¶һ˿Цڶԣʬɲ
ħ¸ֻҪĿ꣬ǾҲ⡣Ҳ⡣
˽ͥȻԺɱʱҪСĽҪȻϣһʮ鷳飬Ȼ£ûбҪͻ
ڱ壬Ħкһ½ս޵еĿ壬ɱֱ͸Ƿһս൱£Բǵܱȡ
еļɵǿҡ
һֳͥ½ԽԽңңѾʼ뵽һΣѾССˣԺȫпǸ֮ɱһЩС䣬ȺսУ˵һС˻ͻ᳹Ʒ
ѾԿʼ˼
뵽壬Ͳ뵽λ֮ĺײУսĿ»棬ΪֹɲԺ
ߣǸһɲǺǵġôײܲûж
Ħ֮ɫ
֮Ѿ衣

˿̣ڵѧַڵɽУԿɽڣ鲼ŴЩʮֿ£ƺûа취
У̾ڸЩ˵ࡣ
ɢɽС
ȫϰΪˣ°ΪߡŮŮĽޱȣеϴһ˿䣬۾ʱĺ⣬е
ŵıһ
ŹǽŹǵųìŹġ
ָǧٹֵġ
϶ɢϢЩˣҪվŲһ˶ûа취ͬǴ̿Ͱɱĺ֡ԸǴ򽻵˭ϲѪڽӴ
ʱɽУȻԿһɫװŮ̧ۿգɫ纮㣬ȴ˿ڸǲסľɫաߺ˭
ߺͥҪô졣ڽǰǰ룬ңֱӿڣ˵ԸߺΪͥǻӦֻ±ưոݡͥһҶ
һŮվߺǰ¶֮ɫ˵
˵Ҳ֮࣬ңߺ޶ƣڸȺУԶǱ֪ңƺߺǰ岻˵ųҪߺɷޡΪ
ֻڻƽж֪ߺ˼ѾȻҡ·˽֪ĵز
ߣߺҪ޸ʲôˣܹȵģΣû¹еӣԵ߹
ߺЦ˵ɫǱ䣬ƽԭķ򣬴һ˿м
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ϢߺѾ־ڱصáѾǲӥ嶢߹ȣߺҪ㡣Ůϵĵһûм١
ãҵҪʲô顣
ߺҡͷܾ
ȴʶḧŸÿĿ⳯ŴķȥеĿƺԵЩӡ
˵Щ
Ϊ忪ͥ飬ʱܱ˵һƬԹ۵ģҲаԼɵִٵġܱ֮ܶߵľٲȻʼ仯


1006 ڽ
ؼ䣬壬ɲֻ˸Ⱥڣ壬֪Ŷ壬ɲһ嶼Ը⿴峹ͥŽʱǳܶĿ¡
嶼һεľʾ
ǰԲΪݺҰڶԣĲ䣬Ѿ޷ٸǴǿİȫϡǣоԼݵλ·ʼת
Ǵͥ˿̣ͷ·Զް㣬һת֣ߣһ㣬и岿䶼޴ѹ
Լ䣬ܶಿȨߣ׷׿ʼ˼δҪβȥ
ڴУͥ飬һȻ
˸徹ȻͥҪʲôҪǴ࿹ô
ãУܶ嶼֮ΪѪʳû˿һǱǿѿ϶в
ʹ˴ҴףѪǰԡѪɱʬڹôܻ⡣
һɳڣһ˿ǿҵĵ⡣
ͬʱЩиݵģһ̣׽еİȫ⡣ǿҵĽȸĵӿ֣ǴУδĴСҪɱؽǿճ־ã֪¶ٵɱ¾ҪиȥսУ˵ͻսɱ
һ˿ֵûС
һΣͥĽ˲伤аеıǿһȫȳٰ֪ѹµõͻơƴսֻͨΪøǿ
ǿǾǴǿ

һƽԭеҲɵȥ»صڡ
ֻһ̣ͬգ¶һ˿ȤֻǴҪ鷳ˡ˸壬Ļκһ嶼ôǿ󣬿Ҫͻ췭ظı仯ʵõǣ֪ĹϵɲôѺá׼
УԴ׵֪Ĳ
Ȼڴ׵Ĺעͣпܣڴоרŵ鱨ȡ;ԲǸո֪׵ģڰУͶԴ׶˽⡣
Ȼ蹫ǡͥĽͬӰ֮·ңţһͥ޷Ҵײв
ƽ˵ɫ䣬κε
ǾͺãһεĽ׺ڵġ¶һĨţ漴óһᡣҲƷ嵥嵥ϵƷڽ׵ķΧ֮ڡǿԸ嵥ǷƷʱ·ͨƷԴԴϵ͹
Ȼ׼ġ׵嵥ᶼѾ׼áһʼͲΪ׻ܾ벳ͨ·Ľ顣
нӹᡣ
ⷭ
һҲٴξ̾еˮȻǸУ̫ˣе̲סҪٵͷ
˿Ȼϵȱģ±סǾгΪⷨ鱦Ŀܡ
еĿһ嵥ϡ
һ˿ıġ
˿ֻڴеıģһΪ麣ˮֲֺҶУһֽɫ˿ߡԶַԽ˿Ӻгֽ˿ޱȣңˮ֣ܱ֯սףеĸ˿֯ƶɡĽ˿ںͬ㡣ʮ󡣡
ƿЦſڽܵ
ǺöֻдвУң麣ô׵ģֻаϵĺ˿ÿֻܴгȡһΣȡ󣬾ͱҪȵСҪרŵֲʦȥտϴ·Ҳ˿֯ɡ
ʮ󷨽ơ
½ϼǿġ
ȷʵǺö
׵ͷеز½ϸӷḻӴ󡣿һȡ֮֮ߵϱء

밽ƽ̸󣬲ŮҲͬʱءƼƬ̼䣬ͱһֺù۰ʱֿʼЯǰУι
ڽļС
Ѧһʱϵǣ벳ͲյͨˣҪƷ嵥ȵȣںеĸ챦ֱʲô߲ܣʲôƷģĽвɹõľңֻңһõϿɡΪ׵Ļҡ
ͬʱڴндģĲɹ
ڴ׹ٷóƷ嵥Уѡʣ硣ʳʣʣĲɹ嵥Уƽһ۾ͱСģвɹ
˫Լọ́ͨһΡҲ˵һУԽ̣ͨһΪ̶ǰףڶΣǴ̶ӽ뺣нס
һΣ˫
·ǰ׵ķҲõˣƺһıΪħ󡣿ʱ䣬ֻǣʩչʱףһΣҲľ޴ԭڡ
Ⲣ⡣
ħصǿƿһռ򿪱˴˵Ŀռꡣ
лһΪͨ챴ֱпٳһռͨȶռͨǿѹա
ԣħ򿪿ռ󣬲Ѿֱڴ½ϰúͨ챴ͨ챴ڲ½СȻִвûд۵ģͬҪʯΪģܽͨ򿪡
֪УһƬȻĻ
ÿһ뻥еĸսʿ뿪ʱ϶¶ЦݡȻڻлȡԼҪƷõĪĺô
ŻеĻ
Уսʿ׷ȥУֻʣºͫ|һнʿ
죬ͫ|̤ǽϡ
̶ֻ۾˸ŵ⣬¶ЦݣһӵϵҸˡ
нʿٽһ
ǵժȡȴûߣֱӵת¹ȥҺȻģȥģǷ档󣬾ͿѾˡȡ֮ģȻµ֡
ڽǣ
ǵģڳǽϳֵĺȻǺڽ׭֣ͨɢһֺڰ޽ɰϢһĪĸо
·ϡ
ͫ|ٴ˵
ʱǽϣһʿ׷׿ʼȫµսס
Щսףͨڣ֣һ𣬷·Ǻڰеսʿ˸оһǿҵظС
һγֵľнʿࡣ
鲼ǽڳУһӶӺڼսʿڲѲӡƺ߸ǳء
ͨӪʮأںڽ⣬ǳһڵ֡ڽǶԵüΪء˿еͷ
ãȥҺڽǣӽ쿪ʼʽҵˡǺУԻȡڽ𡣡
ͫ|ЦǺǵ˵


1007  ׼
Ȼڽͬһɳǣͫ|ûд㽫¶ȥȻ˲µҲûйϵϾҲʲôˮޣ˵ޣǴѣĽгǺУǲ棬ּùĽС
Ǻодڵ塣
֮У̫಻ɸ˵ءвȴδزҡ
ȻҲмȻҵǾͱҪ֪У㿪ҵˣУ˲֪ôǰ
ԣǺͫ|һַ
ֱַӣңݲ¶Ժ׵Ľеͷɢȥݳȥ뵽ܱ߸С
һ졣ɫڴ׽֮ڣҲڴ֮⣬Ѫ档
ЩҰҲЩֱɳУĲС
һ˲С
ʲôڽ
Ȼֳһ仰
ΪڽǳУΪıȡ֮УΣΣΪΣǶ񣬶ǰڽǣ޽ɣֹκʿǰУݣɽףκƷڽǣӭ±͡Уÿϣ׼ʱͨҰдڽǡ
ϵĻʮּ򵥡
ɵӶ⣬֪澿ʲô˼
кпҵˡ
Уĵط˼ֵǹȥ׵Ļв׼Щɹɱ¾Ĳ룬пûôĹء˭Խ޽ɡиûбϣ˭֪᲻ڳԺڣĳ塣
ⲿУһȺǿȻһ顣
иոսûжãȻܶಿ䶼ûвμӣȴǶԻһ֪ʮиЩܹȥĲĺô
ӻеõѻɽ
ǰƷĿԷʳ
ںܶಿ䶼õָĵҩ
ڶƷֽƽȵȣúܶಿΪ֮ۺ죬޲ýЩȫռΪС
ϧ˭׵ƴ׵Ļ롣˭볢Դ׻᲻֡
ȻĽɲǰС
±֮ⶪӲ˵пܻᶪǲԩ
ȻгȻиΡԭΪмù⡣Ǻڰеû£˭ȫΡ
ǲһսʿǰȥУҪǺû⣬ٴģĽ룬Ҫ˵ǲпɴûȱٹ
ܿ죬оѾ
ڲ׺ʵ£е߲ǿߣȻûд׳׼ǲһкǰȥΣգЩʧҲܳܵ𣬲Ӱ쵽ĸ
̫ˣˣҲˣı仯ԽԽˡкܷ֪ʲôġ

ڽǵǡ
̵ʱڣѾƬúܶ岿䶼ǴĲ˵ЩóĶںпóǰԼݣʵӦõõĶҲóںУû˭Եݣ챦ģҪġ
ܶʶĿʼΪ׼
˿̣ڴ֮УƳڡ

УԳ
࣬мǿĴ͸ľʹݵÿһʿУдеĳ׷׿ʼ˳ݣϹǰ
Բ԰øӵľ޴󣬳ͬ˶øӾ޴
׵ĳᲢûоľʱ䣬չ涨ֻڷʱŻᣬƽʱȸд˵飬Ͻноϡ
һھгǰȽ֪ͨ
ƳȻѾõϢʱ׷˳ǰ̤֮ڡ
УʮֿһܵеޱȣڴУǧˣҲ˿оκСѹ֡
ĳ佫ҡ
˿̾ĿվáոԵƷվλϸȥһĿȻڴеһ㶼٣ܿĳ
೯϶ܿһ˿Ȼû˭֮ġ
֪УҵȳҲ׷׵ִ
У㦵ͨƾ٣ڿƾǰéĶ˲ţͬδ󳯻ᣬһڡ
ϼݵ
һüڴлص
֪ʱѾڶ˵֮ϡֳ֣Ϣ֮УȻûκܿʲôʱֵġúܶʶȻУԽӵĸоһɲ⡣
μϣ޽
УгͬĹݼ
λƽ
׵ͷʾ
лϣ
ƳҲ˵վֱС
λ䣬ξгᣬ¡һΪ彨ͥڶǴ֮¡
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ûԥֱӿڽγĿ˳
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͸Ҵǧ˴ףӲҪ˵ǽͥ˴֣齨ͥĴһϣγɵսͲǵսʮıǡ
彨ͥǾͱȻܵ˵ĺô棬ƽԭɲҰġһɱƽԭҴףȻе֡ȻǵˣǾͱҪǯ䷢չ׳󡣳飬ƽԭԴвƽԭ忪š
Ƴ΢˵
ǴΨһġ
ƽԭ׻в̵ľ룬м仹д岿䡣ҪʩӰ죬ƣ̸סҲʲô鶼
ͥҷ¡ڶ¡
׵ͷҹϾ޳Īûа취顣漴ѦѯʵѦҴ׸ʳΡǷ֧һսܹ֧Ҵ׵š
ϣ΢֪ɳеѾѻɽԲڿʼʳҲԹǴеճʮꡣٴսҲ֧ŵ𡣡
ѦԥĻش
ɫǿҵš
ܺãδСκʱʳǸеͷ˵³ʦ֪հɳһ
˵ɳռҹĽ£Ѿʮɳǡʩȫÿһɰվס档ʱԵ
³ʦƽ˵
ãѦٶȣʮɳеָжȻ˵


1008 
ǣ֮ڣֶ
Ѧɵ˵
ⲻͨʿʿȻ㹻ţʱ䣬ȫ죬죬ѾǱص֡
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Ϸģսʣ֮ȫ׼׵
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Ѿ֪սǲɱ⣬ǰû˭սսϲҪǿžΨһķҲݵķʵϣڴ׳֮ϣûκһλǲűǿġ
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࿪˵
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ΪҪġ
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ȷǰٴ뷷µľšʮ·ȻҪʮ֧š
жս֮Ȼ⣬ûӦ
һսǳչֳ׷âһս
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ĴУһķ޾ţҵȸţݼ̹š
ľеħţŷƹܡ
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оеĺˮţ˳ƹܡ
ŮӳɾİٻţΪľƹܡ
ټϿԣа֧սš
ײɶܲμӴսģҪ٣ʮ֧ŸȱһС롣
ԣڴ˿̣׼ٴ뷷⡣
ҧ
пУ³һ
ĩڡ
ҧӿֳһ󼤶ԴħսимףĿô׵ǿ󣬷٣УѾԴС


1009 뷷
ڵħսҹаħԡѪɱƷԳڣΪսΪн뷷Ϊ¾žųӵʮӵиֱ֣¾
п뷷ҧɣħսΪǷȻͷһ㣬ûǹʼӡĵסܸףǾ͸Ӳһֱûж뷷⣬ھӪڽʿϤһ
лϷ͡ҧ
ҧҲǹĴӦ
ĶԴһ˿ĹСԵɢһϲ֮ɫ
ʱھӪУѾ׽ʿһȺھеķΧʮֵʣңھӪһǧ棬ѪӣʮֵĶƢθڡ
ڴһԵõáΪս
йâһһ֣ѿѳ룬һǰһڳҧСǱޱƾǴеɡ
ûб˽ԿսЩڴ׽ʿһɡûбǴϼнҲ޷нʿ
ӹҧһЦЦ۾Ҫˡ
صĽ
ڡ
ʱٴο˵
ڴˡĬĬǰ̤һӦ
֪ؽЩڴиоΡƽѯʵ
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һƬȻԴˣȫǷĵġʱ䣬е£ߣĿù׵аɢǹƴϢĻܵĲһ𺳡
ȻĿ־壬ľ£սη塣սϲͽ˸ҳҰ޲ɱ岫ɱ׵ȣһļ繷һȴӵ˵ϡ
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е𺳣һʼûɢ
ǲϳӪĿô׽ʿǿв֪һ˿ı䡣
ѰҴ磬ңңڣ֮ԾҵܣһƬ徻һػƬΪ忪ٳһƬء
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ŷÿÿ̸֮ʱҲȰ֮⡣ϾڸûϢѵҪһѰĵ·ϣЩˮС
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ĻֵܿԲٷֿٴһƸɳڳ⣬ȾƣǶôʹ졣
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ŷɵȰ˵·ѹߵһݣһչĴӦ
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¶һĨЦݣЦ˵
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л˵뷷⡣
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񶯣һ͸ųְλ޷ж
йâһһ֣ѿѳ룬һǰһڹС
̫ˣ磬ǽֿһЯսɳŷɿ¶ԵЦݣͶҪֵԺˡ
ܣһΪ׵Ƭս
׵ͷ˵
ľŷΪ¾ħĴš¾ΪҧΪħΪŷɣȻ䣬ֻɾŻδ뷷ȥҪȻľžǳԲˡ
뷷֧ţԻ

ٴοڵ
ĩڡ
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в֣Ϊ۾ţѻšѡƹܽ۾Żƹѻšп˵
УΪѻ֣һ𣬷չֳֻб˴˷ֿܷӳǿս
Ҫ֪ħսУõĿɲֻǹ伮УдľսͼǲΪı
ڻѻԣоһսͼΪѻսҪľǴĻѻɣһݣսӰ죬޷ﵽ¡
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ĩѡڽ۾֮С
ֻһ
ûѡ˽۾šǲ֪ѻǿʵһɳһǿֵͬһ㡣ԼĽԣת䣬Ѿ
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׵ͷѡûио⡣
Ȼڽ࣬ͬа취ýӡ
Ҫ֪ĺпһʱֻҪýУתʱ٣Щõٶȴӡ඼Ҫһξܵõһȫڶʱڻȡһɹ۵Ľ
Խʵһɾţʵ֮ǿԲȻѻѷɫӵǿɲ
лϡ
ĴӦ
һҲСƹܽ۾ŵı
Ȼ룬֪ѻҪλ֡
ѯʵ
¹Ӣڡ
ʱٴοڵ
ĩڴˡ
һװ¹Ӣǰ̤˳ü䣬Ӣˡ
ʱ䣬¹ӢͽУڰٻ뻨ľǽƣͬٻеĸ֡ȥȫСٻеŮű
˿̣ͬ볯ã֮ڡ
ԸƹܻѻΪѻžų
п¹Ӣ˵
ɫ䲢ûΪŮӶκӡ
ȻԸ⡣
¹ӢһɫǼĵĿȫԱ
ȻѾڰٻţûܾܾΪһ֮


1010 ʮ
Ůǲܵ飬ʷϣܹһģһǧһλܹǧţһ㣬ֻڴеõʵ֡
Ȼ룬¹ӢԼÿϣڿľʱӿֳһǿҵĽĽӵһ֧ǿŮšܹڴУռһϯ֮أлΪ׿ԼȴʼûᣬǰҲֻܳΪͽˣɱޡ
֪ԼлΪһŵľųļȻ޷Ƶģƺ඼Ҫһ㡣
ᣬȴһλᡣ
Ǻã¹Ӣ
һȻ˵
ĩڡ¹ӢĻ
ڻҰڰٻĥ£ڱսм裬ΣУԡѪɱüΪŮӢܣΪսΪף뷷ΪѻžųƹܻѻѻϣܴѻţķҴ֮
л˵뷷⡣
¹ӢһС
¹ӢĴӦɫ¶ϲãͬʱҲоһɳӿͷ
սս֤
лּ䣬һѾ¹ӢС
Դˣвû˭ԡ
ŮڴУǽɡֻҪвܣ޷Ůɵõãһ㣬Ѿõ˵Ͽɣľֻһ
ο¹Ӣڴ֮УǰҲİˣĲȻһӢѷɫӳɫŮͬͼڼֶƣȻһ̣û˻Ὺ
˫ڡ
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ĩڡ
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ǵģ۾ŵ̫٣һûУԶԶ㡣ԣʮ֧ţųһ֧Ǿͻһ֧š
Ĭڡ
ĩڡ
гĬһ£С
ֻĬɫȵվ˳İݼ
ǵԴկһ·ߵϽЩھǾְأΪǱûȻˣǹȻᡣԽΪʮԪţžųӵʮϣ㲻Ҫ
Ĭһ˵ʷ϶ĬĬŵһˣûвܣûϽģǰ磬Ǳ֣ĻᣬڴУȴһߵΪûибо֮
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Ȼˣо͸ǳͷصĻᣬܲܰסλᣬǾͿԼܸģҲһѡ
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ĬһһֱȵԸ񣬴˿Ҳ޷еļȻ˵
뷷⣬ǰҲַڰϣȻȻֹ˵֡
뷷⣡
֪Уе뷷ȫɺйâһȻ֣Уŷӡȥ
ӡȥһɲǣʱͿŷ˲ų޾ľŲϼ⣬һиոձ뷷ļʿڡڽڵͬʱҲϢ䣬һ˿С
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˷ҸоһǿԴԴϵĽڡָоʵ̫ˡҪͻˡҸоǰƿѾȫʧҵλô
̫ˣҸоǰΪɱµİˣ˷ڿ޸ʧָо̫ˡҪͻˡ
һб뷷ڡ
ʱûκԥһٵĳڣƴתʼץסһλᣬͻơ
ͬʱһȻȻ뷷⣬뵽ɵ˷ʱͿϵϢڿӣϱǡصĸǰδеƺеһзϣ׳ǰκܿԡ
ڵϱԴڷ
ˢˢˢ
ֱӽͼ۳ͼ
û۳ͼҲͼֻ֮ңͻƣһĪĻԵ
ΪһƷ棬ųΪƷ뷷ľųʣõƷ˼ӳ֡Ʒʮٶȡ˼ӳ֡ء
ܲɷ֡
˿̸ܵԴ˼ӳ֣һжԴ׵ĹԽӵǿҡ
ֺôû˭Ըƻ
󣬳ңڳУóһΪ꾡ĵͼƶĽ·ߡͼȻֵ˵ͬƶɣͼǴڵĽѪĻҰһһʾһЩеע͡
磬ƬǷ岿䣬ǷկжٲǶŵġȻ˵ǰٷְٵ׼ȷȴܱ֤˳ɵ׼ȷʡ
ݴӿ̽ڵǡþƬв
һ㣬Ž
½ţñǰӪѡʿʱϡ֮һУ׼׵죬Ϊ֮ա
³һ仰תȥʧڴС

죬գ۾͹
еľӣǰսھӪѵأκһ֧ţǸոսľţͬϺֱӾܷӳǿս»̫ĥڡǴ׾ӵǿ֮
γһ֮£ڳУѾ´ûе֮ʱ׼й¶֣κηСһ֣ɱ⡣
£Ҫľء
һ¹ؾ鶼й¶ȥʲôıȻ
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ΪˣֵǽܵļһУƳܱ߸Ǳ塣
ʱһΣѾ˵졣
һ졣ܶ󣬷׷׸оƺһεɱ֮׵Ƴǡεѹأ·һԺĴ
ô£գôоЩԡ
а߳ţüͷ


1011 
ЩԣҸоһֱ꼴ٵĴ⵽ô£ѵʲôҪ
̫ˣϢôоЩϤǰһ
һոоԡ
Ͼʿʿĸоͨ˲֪ҪٱָӦһпǴԽԽӦǾ;ԲǴһд·ÿ϶¶һĨȻ
ձ仯׹ٷûвȴڶûжƺЩԾ
䣡
ʱܶĸо洫һⲻǵ𶯣ܼĽŲĲսһ㣬Ĵ˶ߡ
ǾӪǾӪеĽʿ
쿴Ӫдˣš
Ũɱ֮ҪȥʲôսŨҡ
Ƴе˶׵ľƽʱ׳ھӪѵզɱޣ˴ģľӵǲֵġ
һ֣ʣ϶д·
ĲеĽŲ̤ڵϣģͬһŲͺһĹĵһ㣬ö඼̲סŽŲƵѪҺȻȻڷڡ
нٶȼ죬תۼѾ˾ӪƳ⡣
ڵ㽫̨ǰ
ھźÿһ֧Ŷʮһ𣬿ɽ˺ѹѹһƬɫĿã𺳡
Ⲣǽ
ŵĳ֣ţȸţսţѩþŵȷ׷̤㽫̨ǿһսڿƮ
ţȸţսţѩþţ쿴ţǰôûп
Ҫˣ϶ҪˣѾˣȵսħսʱҪ࣬ԴԴϵĳ֣⵽ô¡
Ŀã̲ס𺳡еɻ糱ˮӿ֡
ΪοĲǰ֪ļţǰûпľţս׻ս죬Ȼͬɢƺв
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һ򣡣
򣡣

Ŀãڵ㽫̨ܵĽʿԽԽ࣬ԽԽˡ˭޷ڴоȻӵ˶Ӵӡ
ʮ֧ȫƳУѾѻȸ𺳣̫𺳡
裬µľ޴ѻһӢˬŮûκζվɢѹѾǿԸӵĵزܶƺѡ
нʿû˵һվıֱƺĬĬȴʲô
ˢ
Ŵɺ
ֻ޴Ĺϡһչһ·죬ֱӵ㽫̨ϡΪһ嫵·
𣡣
һС
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ս֮󣬺ȻǼڼһɳس
ϣеЩسȻȫˣҪˣҪˡѵ׼Ҫţⷢս
ϣﻹλƯֻŮӲʸҡ
հԳ
ŮĲͬܶ˵ͷƫڵƫĻԶ
սڵ㽫̨ϣƳҲ̤ȥվҡ
е˴ʿĿҲһ̣ͬʱ˹ʱĿ⣬ǳޱȣ˵ǿȡһȥǶκԥ
ʿǵҳϣӹɵġ
ܣǰʿһȻڵλʿ죬Ҵ׿֮գҲսķĿʼ
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з·̺ĳԾĳУ·𿴵ڻҰУǰˮȡʱпܱҰУݹ뵽ЩնǸͬܡĽ׶Ρ
ҪǼףõױӣͲ֪ʲôطһѿݹǡпͷҶʣ¡
뵽ڣ½ԣֻǱɽһǶѣ֪ٵƵʱо絶һ㡣ƺһ㲻һĻȼա
ܵʿ͸Ӳ˵ڵѪҺڷڣ˸һĨŨս⣬ԸΪЧԸΪЧԸΪЧΪҴ׿ڣѪɣս
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Ҫš
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ܺãƳǵλʿƳʿ
׵ͷʿãĿáԳԲ⣬ûսܵĿܡ
Ͼȿ֮
ҵ˷׷׹ķһϺȡеļᶨ
ǷѾ׼á
ٴο࣬ѯʵ
ϷģʮˮʦѧͽѾִհɳǡʱɳǳ϶еͼԾ׼ĽɳϵƶλáҴ׷ˮϡ
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׵ͷһӣһϺȡ
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֮ǰÿžѾѡɳǣѡóķ򡣱ʮ·ͬʱ
ңЩɳǲڴ׽ڲ½ɳǣȫڴ߾֮أҲǿѪǵıԵ
λãɳǸӷĳڱ߽磬š
ûκγɡ
ͿĽʿԴԴϵûռУѸʧٴγʱڴױ߾֮ء
ʮհɳǣ˵ȫֲڸ򡣱𿴰ʮɳǺܶ࣬ʵֻǸոôһȦѡţпܣֱ綨ͬʱɢΪ˲κηӦʱ䣬ڷӦʱѾ޼£ɳѾӦеλϡ
пܣÿпֻƽǧ롣١ɲܷϡһɣ׵Ľͽš
֪УƳʧ
ĳ֣Ӱ첢ûʧǸոտʼ͡


1012 
Ҫˣû뵽Ҵ֮оȻӴǿߣһҴ׿
ǰǰܶͽ˵ҰУкܶ屻ץ岿УļֱΪѪʳ˵Ҫܸ裬һãһ̾ͻ䡣ţÿԽЩͬȳһסһˡ
ڻҰУʵ̫ˡȫǳϦǴ׳һûʴ塣Ϊ˽ܱ߻Ұеաɱ岿䣬Ҵ׷â
аĿãжһԵļ
ɫ䣬ǿҵڴ
ԽǿȻɡ
˿̣ѪǸһɳУϹâ˸
ڳսϵĹµ̤ԴԴϵĽʿ̤ҵһʱܵĿյԴ
ЩʿϣŵɫսףսϣȻһڴصͼǣĿã̲סһ˿Ȼ·бµĵ͸һ㡣
ЩеĽʿ
ڽźŵսףս죬ȫڵһʱ׼׵ܴӡڶ̶̼УѾŵĽʿɻװϵĹ̡
սףнʿ̵ʱڣһǿҵĹС
ؾų
ⱾӦǿһ˵ɳУȻվһ꣬ϣɢһذȻϢǷˮʦܾеʡڿЯֺ󣬵ݼ
ǽ˵ķˮѧͽֱɳڴϴС
𿴵ӣ΢΢ü˵ʵڣԷΪһ۾ܿϾûеִֻ񺣾۷塣ΪھеĽʿ˶Ѿﵽܶ඼ѾֱӽϾڿٳԼϡ
ԣˮʦѧͽΪֻǱȽϵ͵ˡ
ǵģҾǽʦߵķˮʦѧͽѧͽȻеĲΣȴûȻȻҵΪߣнʦķ¸ɽڣɳǲ¡ᵢ齫Ĵ£뾡ܷġ
Уʮš
кȻԿһӵʯޣǾǷƵĸɽޣ濴ķ˸ɢصϢɽ޵һС
Ǿͺá
׵ͷεĿֱԽѪǡĿ꣬ΪɳһǧҰ鱨֪Ƭһɽңɽ֪Ϊʲôԭڶ˶һ֣ƽ̹һƬƽ̨εĿģǽɳǰնϵɽƽ̨֮ϡɽĿĵء
ɽϣԾͱ֮ΪɽȻǴ֮е˵ֻ彫ɽʲô֣ͲǺֿ֮ǧٸɽ岻
ס
ˮʦѧͽصͷȷϵ
ǺãţսľٶȣԽԽãҪһֲκηӦᣬǷӦ֮ǰҪɳǳڶɽϡ²˳٣ھͳ
ǣ
ѧͽԥĴӦ
εţһ㶼ҵŶڴ׵Ҫ塣
֣ϳǽ
ǽ贲󡣽սȥȷǳɱһʱɲսȱ֮¡

ɳǾһΪǿսݣȻܷսݶֱӽҰҪǻ֪ãǾȫûбҪȥս
ȥ
ʱжʮϵǽټ贲һսԴԴϵİϳǽڳǽϣͺһһ㡣

վڳǽϣȻȻ
ˮʦѧͽ뿪ɳǣɳ⡣йâһʱƸɽѾСʯһһڽڷֿޡ
Ƹɽһ˸һת
ž
ˮʦѧͽּͽαɽ޳ŵȥķֱû֮С
¡¡
һȥ·ضԳ˯оѡ濪ʼֲͺǴеĲһϵӿǴ
ȻǷƵģȴɽ޵ıԴ֮ͬ޴
£ʱͿɳǳǿʼǰŲƶƶɳǵĳǻεضƾڵϡȻȻǰƶ
⻭ͺǴǴ󺣣ǲˡɳǾƯڴϵĴ󴬣ƶŴǰƶ
ֻܹ죬ȴʵǰ
ɳôȻȻ˼飬ɳǶƶͬƶսݡмΪսʲô壬ռ
ĿɳǵḶ́еͬ޴ǰ޷顣ɳǺлҰ̶ϣҰΣգ͵͡
ǽϵཫʿĿãҲԺ
дľ޴仯
ž
ˮʦѧͽٴλӶɽޣķ뵽УõֵĲøӵǿңһһһ˽һˡѸǰɳƶٶٴӡ
Ǹɽ޵ϴ֮ɽ
ң֮УһɳγɵϷˮɽͼǻӶɽʱͷųһ˿˿ɳƶٶȱø졣
žžž
ɳƶٶԽԽ죬һƥ׳Ŀڴϱۡ
һ۵ʿʯޣϳڴϣһĲˣһɳڲпǰƶƺǱǰ񱼣ִ֮зֿɳǹȥºǻ棬ȴһȻȻϢ
֪УѾѪǰ
嫵ѪɢһŨѪ⣬ԭƷɺɫĳǽɫѾϴȥȻһ塣
ѪϣȻԿһʿѪǡŴ׵ı߾
˿̿һɳ󴬰ɳ۶һж¶ĽףĿ⡣
ľţŽѪ׼Խ
վڳǽϣѪǷһ
ˢ
ɳûͣ٣ֱӳѪײȥ
Ȼ߿ʱӦ÷ײȴûг֣ʵʵѪǾȻһɲǼ䣬ıã·һӱɻӰɳǺ谭Ĵӳǽϴȥ
ףѪɣս
ĿɳǴѪǣڳϵؾĿ¶أ췢ź
ս
ս
Ѫɣս
ʲôɳǡ
ô£ɳôѪгˡ
˵һǿͨɳǲƶŲƵͬλãû뵽ġǳǽϣľӡ
ãҪˣɳǳѪǣҪʲôѵ׼š죬Ϣ֪ͨУжҪš
ѪעӵĿڡ
ȻܴѪǣ棬ȴ֪˶ٶĿߡ


1013 ӥ
Ϊڵһʱõ׵ĸѶϢʲôϢٶ֪ˣԵ׼Ӧ᳢֮ſԽѪǣֻѪûȫ߶Щӵе޷Խ޷Խһ׼ԽǣͻᾪѪԼĳ
ԽǣҲᱻɱ׵Ĺǳķǿ
ʮУпֻһҴȥܲǾͲ˭ܱ֤ġ
ڴ׵ļɵѾ뵽ÿһĹ
һ濴壬һֶɵޱȡ˵ʮֵìܡ
Щ尲ŴѪ⣬Ϊ˼Ӵ׵Ķ
ĿѪоȻͻȻðһɳǣңֱӴѪǣڻҰУĿڳǽĿ彫ʿһսףϵ׶Ѿ£ֻܸܵϢκα顣ɢϢоЩȫǾսϱ
죬Ͽ콫Ϣȥ̤ˡ
ã׾ȻǴɳǳģⲻҪɱޣҪţҪٴɳѹҰ죬Ͽ֪ͨ䡣
ã򣬶ŵľǲλá
Ŀ߼ڵһʱŵðҪˣңһĴ¡붼룬ҪϢݳȥ
ಣ
ܶ߸ϢݳȥɳǳѪʱͿڳϣֺԥеİ׹սսȥ˿ϸǵ۾ĻͻῴЩֵ۾˸Ĺâ
âޱȡ
ϡӥۣ
ȻһͫͬʱҲͨ
ӥϵĿ֮ڲؾоӵУҪĲϣӥ۾ڵһЩϣҩƳϵӥϵһƳͿԽϵڿٳӥϣӥͫӵӥͫĿ˵õ츲ذɱ䡣
ӥֵͫǿǧȡûж˿Ĺǵ۾һסͺǱӥϡ
˫
ЩܵĶĿЩӥ۵ǰֱͬưһĿȻ
һ׹ս㻮ա
ȻŴģʹõսǷսǿİ׹սսǿУܷӳƻ
ÿһⶼ׼ȷĽڰеҪ

ÿļÿµ֡
Ǵ֡ӡ
һĿɱûκ⣬ͱɱһУֻҪǾ;ԲõѡԿЩɱĶĿȫͷ­䱬౻
ಣ
ֵļ֮ǰľѻ֣ѻǹҪ£ǧף׵ľ룬ܹһɱǿսټΪһ𣬲һһڶ⡣
ǳּα
ӣ
Ӳ
һսΪ⣬ƥ㽫һĿɱܣѪ

ɳǲûͣ٣ˮʦѧͽ£ڷٵǰƶ֮ƬȻֿɳѹܵ޷׷׾ŵ˷ɢݳȥӱо֣֮Ŀ־£Ȼܵٶȼ졣
ЩܵģɳǰײķѡѪƬԵҡƲɵ
ɳڷǰƶ
ܱߵĶĿȻɱ룬Ȼȫɱ©֮ĴڣǱȻδţܷϮϢ϶岿У֪ǼΪģ֪ѾѪǵɳǣ赲ǲܵġ
һ㷴Ӧʱ䣬ԸɳǴ޴ơѸٵִÿĿĵصһ֣ôռݾ޴ơֻҪɳָλã׵ķˮ֮ȻȻɳҲ޷׺
ɳǰУǰС
ٶ֮죬Ŀãһֿ־壬ͺһ޴ڲϿ񱼡
ں
˿̣ѪǱԵһɽڡȻӵһ岿䡣
ܿͬһһ㡣ֻǣȴϢܿźܶߴϣȻһֻֻӣУװһգƶȫһͬʡ
ľܿĳǶδƺѾȫûбκϣ
УȻԿдѾūſ
Щߣɲ
ߴ󣬶ңſͣܿеѪ˿ȷ˸о̲סһ˿־塣
˵Σ˫ȣͬצ˫ָǼޱȣצһļ⵶䣬̶ȡ
ܿЩª壬кֱܶΧһ𡣾һʯǰ
ʯϣȻڷһʬ壬ʬ塣
ЩΧʬԱߣ·ʳһʬһѪ⣬ôŽо׽ܿһɹѪˮ£ɲȵȥͱͷ˻ȥ
ɫ䣬¶һּµܣ·ƷϵζȡֵĻζ˾ȡ
һʬ壬գۼǰԵһɶֻʣһѰ׹ǡĴĿġ
ϣɢһ縯ʬϢ
Ļ棬У˵ǵǣ洦ɼ
ʳʬʳʬҪ˶þͻֵǱԵ
ˣʳʬץסҲûл·ˡȥͬûкôǵűԣˣԡǱ͸ǱˣǱԵʱ򡣡
һտľ־֮ɫԽӵŨ
濴Щˣûһݵģ˵ʳʬǵʳԵĶһ㶼ûпɱ⣬ǶٶٶУÿٶ涨ҪԵ⡣ǵ壬ԾĿʼý˶Ƿ
ʳʬ죬ǵ
һˣȻǿ׵ʱ
ʳʬιǳ⣬ʳʬȴϲѪ⣬ΪǾζʳⶼҪĸ
ңιǲԻУԣӲҲҪȥôܱܿ
ڣеˣԽ֣Խ
޲ֱһ̾ȥԽǷ֣ȻʳʬѡеĿԾԽ󣬼ֱ̤֮·ԽԽ־塣ʵǴ׵
жЩʳʬĺ͸Ũ
ڳλõĳУȻҲò͡
ϸȥģȻһ༸ȫƣκβ塣


1014 ʳʬ
ǵģȫƲ˵ңеӢŮƺһֶصšʳʬȣȫͬذľ޴ࡣ
һªһſƺȫͬ塣
Ȼͬһ塣
ǰϣȻž޴ӡϣȻԿһ߾ʬ壬ǡһͯʬ塣иոճӤȫһƬ䣬ǰЩеζȣȣЩͯʬ壬ȻӵӵĵõǵӰ
ǡڳʬ塣
ǣͬʳʬ
ֻǣԵøӵĸ߹󡣷·ʳʬеĹ塣
ڳʬʱЩ¶һּµ֮ɫңڳԵĹУϵϢƺڲϵıǿ仯øǿ
ʬʬʬУŽǰʮһŵʳʬ˵
ǴϵĵݣԵ˻ٳǵķٶȺܿ죬ңӤͯԵԽ࣬ҸоɱѾûжپˡ
ҳԹ⣬ƤлһóԣӦں󡣡
Щʳʬһ߳һ̸ۡǸѪʬӺóԣӵ˵Ŀνʮּҡ
Ȼǵʳϣ壬ǰé
ʳʬһʳʬ䡣
ЩӵûʳʬʳʬеĹ塣
ʳʬֳƆ֣һֻʳøѪ֡һͨûκ𣬵սǽʳʱ۾ɺɫӵвʳٺӣҲǺϡ
ÿֵĺ϶ͬҲͬϣʳʬĺϡ
ңַֻܺ͆ܣܺ෱ܣҲ己ܣ̥ܿͻزۡǿԷһɱȣڳ˵ĵ֫С˿ڼ̵ʱڻָʹǹ֮Ҳһ֮Ȭ
ʳʬֱӳʬٻָơ̵ʱϡ
˵൱ײС
ҲǱܶΪʹޡϾûκԸԼʬ嶼˸ԵָоԲʲô¡

ʱͻȻ䣬ܴһֵĺХ
Ϊ׵һ֣Ҳʳʬɫ΢΢һ㶣漴óһֻݡ
ǵģǺݣңǴݡˮĺױȻЩʳʬ֪ʲô;Ū֡˿̵ĳϫǴӴзţѶϢݽ
ô¡
ʳʬ쿪ѯʵ
峤ˣѪгˡ
ڴУݳһٵĻԵüΪĽǡ
Ѫǳˣ˵ô£岻Ǿ뿪Ѫǣôʲôֵģѵ廹ʱñô
ʳʬ΢΢ü
ɫһ˿͡
岻û뿪Ѫǵӣ˵˵࣬ԣһ㣬Ϊ棬ܱĽ֮أҲǻش
ͥûеʱóȻŶԣӦû취ݷһʱŶԡ
ģǴеľңǴһɳǳģһ֣ɳе־ͽܱߵĶĿߣɱ롣ɳǱϣǴҪšҪսˡ
дݳٵĻȻһ˿־ڡ
ܸܵе־塣
ʲô
ò͵жһĨʶͣϢͬһ㣬ԺƺҪꡣ
̲סһ˿š
Ҫţɳǳʲôȥġϸ㱨
ʳʬһеǿѹȥ
ɳǣû˭᲻֪׵ɳһ֣ʲôĺɺܶ岿Ѫ֤ġһɳѹԲǧڵ壬̩ͬɽѹһɳ£ݳǶأûʮǲܹһɳǵġ
ɳǲƣǾǻҰеһӡѿǲɰγĶ
ǲķɳǵķٶȣǲ䣬ֱӵɳǰ
дһ
Ϣʱɫһ԰ףһ˿塣
ζʲôζŸɳ棬ǲӱܵ飬ھ䣬ɾҪ䣬Ҳһʱġ
ңһдū棬ǿ϶ŭ𣬺ʣˣǲݣһ£򣬾Բеѡ
Ҫ֪䣬ѪǵλòǺԶȫԹ㵽ɳǳʱ䣬һܳҪ˶þͻִ
ô죿峤ɡ
һĿ⿴졣ֽη
ɳǵٶȣǱܲˣһ֪ǲ䣬ǿ϶ĹǣһɱĲݡȻܲǆҲηҪɱʳʬ¹˭ǵĿʲô
η˵Ѿ¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫȻѾ
ϲ
І¶һĨȵĻ棬ԥķһź
ǵģǵĿǽһԼĲΪԼʳʳģǳԳԳԣ˼ɡֻҪʬ壬ҲҪǰҲҪԵ
Ȼǵĵ֮ӹɡ
ȻǼԦɳǶҪεֵǻɳǡʵǴеһࡣʵǿĲ񻰡
ʳʬѯʵ
Ҫ򣬿Ҫô⻹һ⡣
׵ǿ˭ģǴ׾ӣ˴ûа취Ѫǡ
ߣɳǣʳʬҲǳصġҴ㲼ʳ󣬾ɳΣҪ޻أ磬жٴֻҪǾȫǵĿʳ
ηЦ˵ü䣬¶һ˿
ãͲʳ֪ʳʬ¼仹ʲôƲǡ
һԥ£һҧ׷ױʾͬѾûа취еİ취ΣǰѾûʲôùǵġ
ʳʬп
ʵҲǸûʱǿǡ
¡¡
ѾʼԴصʳʬ֪ɳǳڵλöѾûа취ٶܡ

ɳǵٶȼ졣ңɳǸȻ֮õޣ׷ױһ·߹ȫһѪ֮·
ûзκһ˿֮ġ
ѾҰκпܷ
ħ֣ޣ˭֪һ̻ʲô
ΨһƵģǲ̫׼ʱ䣬бԲռơ
ǡ
˰˭Ⱦǡ
֪УѾʳʬڵĳ


1015 в
ӳеľһŵܼӣԼĴգľΪص𶯶һ˿ӦͿһ޴ɳͬһٶؼǣڳǽϣվķ࣬塣
ڤڤȻһָӦ
ɳǣƶɳǣоˣоˣǴĵһ˳ֻдײɳڴϲŲơ
ȾǣĽʿǣ壬˰ﶼһȺһȺʳʬǽ嵱Ѫʳǵ׵
ЩѺУкܶ౾ǴͶˣֻͶ;УʳʬץסˣգūǵʳʱᱻɱĿ
ڴ׵飬ȻѾšڿжʱϲ
ںڰз·𿴵ϣĹâ
İա
ȻѺ֮Ѫʳֱܴͬ衣
ɳǳǽϣһʿĿЩѺ壬Լڵϵūеŭ糱ˮӿ֣Щ尡ȻѺķʷֵġǸʲô⽫嵱ιֻȳˣͻɱɿѪʳ
⼸Ƕһ衣
Ϊ࣬нʿԺжӿֳһǿҵ衣
еɱǰδеŨңЩʳʬȫɱҲ˵ķŭɱ˾ɱˣֻһʱѪѣڣȴ˸ϵ衣
裬ζûа취ܵġ
ֹ࣬
ʱʳʬУһŻȻԿһӰڳǽϡϰȥǾʳʬ峤η
ɳƶֻǣƶٶڷȴûֹͣǰС
ʳʬϵĸʬζʮ֮ҲܹŵūգǾҴ׵Уգ䵱塣
ŭĿɫϼҪγѪлڲȼգһεѹһС
ɳûֹͣǰ
ߣ壬ǿɲ˵㡣ҪǰѵͲЩǶֻҪټǰҿɲ֤ǻƽ¡
ηЦ˵
ȻԿǰһĿʳʬԺɣֻҪһ£ǾͻֱӶЩ巢ɱ֣Ľ¾
ߣҴʼգûнܹκвΪʣҴףҲɱһˣʮǰȥᣬʮǾ𵱳ݡѪծѪѪɣս
һЩգ͵һһһϺȡ
ײвΪʵвǶнʿǵһֲΡܽȣȻûԸڽ׽ʿ֮ѡ񣬴ֻѡЩʿǡ˵ȣһ׵̬ȱǾͻԿɳ֮һΪʶﵽĿģǾͻеڶһδεЧ¡
׻𣬴׻ܱǿô
ɵģǸ
вκضıĿꡣֻнޱǿӲ̬չֳȥܱΪʵֶģκϣֻգ岿иĴܣлȥĻᣬʱһСˣôղҲϧ
ѪծǱҪܵġ
εĲ̣ҪܡҪȥ
Ǵʯĳô
ηɫúѿײв飬ǰѾ˵ʮΪʣǰ׵ĽʿɱǲأԺ󣬴׵ĴսʱûнܹвΪʣʣɱ壬ɱ䣬塣
ηôͬҲһ̽׵ǲĲЩڿȻˣ˼ɡ
岻˼ηɱЩ²δĿʳôܹɱ
ô
˿һ˿󣬴еĽʿȻǣǿӲǱɱв
ĺãͲҪˣ߳жȻι˻ҪԵȥԸȥɣ׵ĽʿǣҪΪұЩʳʬȫȥлѪԵ²Ц
ûиоãһֽѣǿЩʳʬһȥᣬǾ͸ӵ顣
ϲø˲Ŷԡ
ߣҪҵĲ䣬ǾͿû£ʳʬһ壬ͬǳصġҪսǾսηۿЩ壬漴ͺ˵
ȻвͨǾʵԻֳһʤ
ʤΪ߿ܡ
󣡣
ηȻһ
ˢ
ʱͿʳʬۿɼٶӿֳһŨĺɫӡ
꣡
УһĹͷײϴ龰ʮֿɲ·ʲôµĶڸա
𿴵û¶κη壬ʼձĿʳʬı仯
£ȻԿʳʬλãȻһž޴ףףϸȥȻǆηò
󣬷ǳ
һɾ޴󣬿нǧɣޱȡ
ɱ
ηſڷһϺȣ޴ſʱһ絹ɳʯذɳʯ֦Ҷ֪ж١
꣡
ŴһţͿĹͷ糱ˮӵ
á
顣
Ŀú󣬹ͫһ¶һ˿ȡ
ӿгģȻǺĲãЩϣһ˿ѪⶼûУңģãι״ã磬ãããһɵã飬һ𣬿ͷƤ飬ǵսľ
̫ˣԴԴϣ˲ͱɽҰǡ
ЩȫʳʬбйѪİ׹ʬĹͷڳܣֱǶѻɽ飬塣˿̣ЩԵѪĸ壬ȻãΪʳʬһʹ
Ѿֱ⵽ж١
ʮ򣬻ϰ
֮ǡ
һлűЩ¶צ¶ײ֮ɫ
ûгɣúֱӳɳϯ
ɱ
һȻ
һƬ䣬ǰ浲ŵʲôǹΣǰģǾǵˣǵˣǾͨͨ
ಣ
ûκγɣǽϣַ֣׷׽ս׼ǰϯôĽսȥ


1016 һ˫
Щʿսһڴѡľ񣬾ħսϣõɻսʿҳϣǰսʿս䡷콫ս䡷Ⱦж⹦սÿһʵӵ£Ǳǿ
ͬУƥߡ
Ϊ
˿̣Щãû˿η壬ĿһƬ䡣

ȥٶ֮죬˲Ϣ䣬ͻΪ꣬糱ˮϯս
飡
ԿЩڼǰбͷ­֮бΪһŻȼյġֱӱ⣬ţķѣΪһűÿһ˺գҵƿ
Ǻܶ಻ñܵĳֵֵ
Щõʵֻ񺣾ΣҲϾʳʬеĿܶѣεֵ޷׾⡣
׵ģһƬƬøһɱ
һصĹͷƬɢܡ
ǽֱӾ͵ǰĵ·ϡ
׵ǿͽȣһġ
𣬻𣡣
õЩͬиֲܼͬļ£ɱⲻ˱ɱˡ
Ŀ꣬ųªħ䡣
ܼļ糱ˮ㳯ņηžȥ
žʵ̫ˣ󵽸ûа취ļϹӣĿꡣ
ĿЩÿ޷Դ׾ӲκӰ죬ηҲ¶һ˿䣬ڴ׵ʵٴ˸˽⣬ȷʵǿ˿־ĲΡ
Ҫʳʬ䳹壬ⲻܣ꣬ҺΡ
ηһͷһ˿м
ûУôſ죬Ŵ죬Ϊһ޴ĺڶдݳǿγһ޴СбսȫһԵ˽ȥԴԴϵûڶľ֮Сңȥһ˿춼ûУô׵ʧ·ʯ󺣡
󣬳Եأ޲ʳﲻ̡
ηЦ˵࣬챾ͳǡ
£ʱͿž޴ٴԷ˵ٶȿʼű󣬼գۼ䣬ͻΪʮʮСУһ޴ޱȵĺڶڶĴСƺҪɳǲ
޴ĺڶΪУֱĳɳ£ƺҪһھͽɳǳ̳ȥһھͽɳ̵־ٶޱײС
һĻǳеĽʿǣͬһ˿𺳡·춼Ҫ
ͬһµ
ǆɵأﲻ̡ȻҪó˾޴ƣʳʬͬʱ߶еȫ뵽С
Ǳͳȫ㡣
۾΢΢𣬱³һϺȣ޼跨
ȣ
Ź𷢳ϺȣʱͿɳУʮŽʿͬʱһϺȡʱͺһεϵͻȻ֣ԴԴϵĳŹڴݹȥ
һԪڹϣЩûб˴˳ͻһޱȺгĸоʮǢ䣬ںһ𡣶˿̣ۿɼٶȷ
ֱӾʹﵽʮɣʮɣǱǵϰɣɵľ˸߶ȡ
˲Ϣ䣬ͻΪһصľˣսףͬ񽫡һھ޴µС˫Ŀ΢΢պ£ͻȻ䣬ֱ
ն
һɲǣһڶϺȴӹз·һ𣬳ء
һϺȣֻеµ֪ʱѾһնȥǵ޴ĺڶ˹ȥ
ٶ֮죬޷
ͷ·Ǻڰųĵһâľ޾ס
ɫĵһ޴趯֮ڰҪڵ³׷ֿһ˫޶ԣڹصУݳһµĵ⣬ײе£񱩵£ڵУƺܿڱãһһ
ﵶǹĴﵶ
ڵ̺ľǴﵶ⣬ﵶɱ¾֮һ㴺սսʱԡɱ¾ս㡣ĸֻء
һǴﵶеǿһɨ
һȡĺȻǴغɨսᴺ⾳غɨǺεȵİԵεȵǣһɨսľ档¡дηһһ֮ضһǿصһ
һŵ޵е־ɨµǡ
ң޿ɵֵһ
һԴӴ󣬾ǹҲʩչһУʩչĴҲǼΪޡָ˫һ
˿̣ʩչֱ޷ݡ
ڵУ·ܿĴ壬սԡ
ֻ浱޷ֻǿһۣ𺳣ĵף
꣡
ʱͿǾ޴ޱȵĺڶڵ£ȻӲһпһţֱʧ·ûгֹ
У޴ĺڶȻ֪ٱպϣգۼ䣬ٴλΪһž޴ףҲǆηס
˿̣ž޴ħϣ˫Եмִ㶡ƺڲɢ
ʲô
ηĬŷһʡ
ﵶ
˵
õһﵶһһ׾ӣû뵽Ȼ󶼵סһ壬ȻСӡһҷҲ
η췢һź
ţͿžмֱѿһ޴ĵۣٲȻǱһ

žܿʳʬͬʱ˷ɢȥڵʱѾȫ䣬ʬ壬ķѣ·иƬһ飬пƽޱȡ
ˣʳʬ䣬ʳʬһ̣ȫˡһն
ǾӵһǷླǰҲҪһնɱ𡣡
аԸпҲһ˿𺳡
һУǵһʵս
һ־طҲ˵һսΪ콫۱󣡣ʵ򣬾һط콫֮½ʿǵŵһ£һ˾൱һ֧šһܷӳﵽǰδУ˼ĵز
ȻⲢûƵġ
ܹһķţǾͿ϶ƣҪȻҵһУʣǽµĺںϲ˵ֱӱҷɣԼͻһöըըķǡҶʣ¡
Ҫʩչ콫۱ȣҪнʿս䡷ڵԪǱԴͬΪһ壬ҲڶʱڣܵκӰ죬ͻ


1017 ɽ 
ңҪһؼǾЩģǡս䡷ǱҪ콫ս䡷콫սƷʸս֮ϣ콫ͳѹͳ޷ĺˮѹסΪá
ԣսطֻڴвӵУʩչ
òս䣬콫ս䣬Ȼһ㡣
Ӹոһܹ˽⵽ǶôİԵס
ڽ׺󣬳ΪŵľųȻʸȡ콫ս䡷ĴУڵõк󣬺ԥĿʼսԭȵκγͻศɵģûжѣΪΪ⣬ٶȣǿ쵽¡
Ȼǡ콫ս䡷ľ粻ߣֻҪͿͳ콫۱սľֻڽдѣȻ̵ʱڱȥҪȻ˭ƿصסӴ
ǣսط޷޼ɵʩչ
ȻԿһȥ󣬺ܶཫʿʶĿʼҡΣ˼£֪ʮ־޴һȡнʿڵһʩչΣʿ֧ŲסĻȻսҲ޷ۡ
ǣЩʳʬȻȫˣնķˡҲΰɡ
˼飬ǲ˼飬ľ𣬾ȻҲǿֵزⲻΰɡ
ʳʬ䶼ȫǣǻˣĻˡһȭҸоһ£ǲġ
̫ˣĻˣĵþˣҲú²֪ʲôʱͻᱻЩʳʬԵ
أҿĺӣҿĺӰôЩʳʬˡЩͨͨȽʵһҪЩɱһɶ
˿̣ڳУЩЩڳбū壬ľϣһӿʼָںڰУϣ֮⣬ָоǵٴεٴӵ˶δ
ģһ󺿺ޡ
ǻϲãж֮ǰӵĿߣĵĺޣ뵽ʳʬԵĺͯУԼĺӣָоֱʹбʹԸӡ
һ죬Ϊʲô
λֵܽãǵþˣҲȫˣھǡ
һǰĴʯĳҲһҪݣ֮ǰսУòЩһߣڽʳʬеĴҲ޷ơ
ʿٽʳʬ֮УеȫͷųЩūһϸȥвʮ֮ࡣ
֪ʳʬ䵽¶
ƽʱԵ˶գʤ顣۰׹ǣѻɽܣǰ׹ӡĿġ
ţȽɳ˵ڳˮʳҿʱϴòͣеĴ°׼ʳģֻҪǴףǰЩҵӾҲúˡǴͲκ壬κǿСúµģӦ塣
һ˵
ڿдʱѾԸеĴ°ǰȥ׼ÿɳǶ֣ʳѻɽ㹻˳ϼꡣҪ˶ãʳ׼׵
ûκԥѡɳСɳǡ
һʱ䣬׷׽ɳУʼϴµ°棬ѾɢŨŵ̲סǿҵʳ
ܶڽеһɲǣЩϤȻûʲôͨգɿеĽʿһøӾаȫСֻоĶװͬƣСҵ˼һָоرİģָоһûиоġ
ȫˣİȫˣǼ뵽ô̫ˡ
ܻȥҾһҪ岫ɱףƲʳʬһҪѪծѪ
˵֮У˶˶ܳΪʿѧϰսйѫ㣬κιһҪǿΪһǿߡҲ󣬱˵
ڸܵȫͬʱǿҵĺ⣬ĺ⣬ŨޱȣֻҪлᣬʣЩ˶ɱĺ֡Ϊ֮κδۡȥ
ʮļ룬ɳжʱһЩ
ɳǲ˶ֹͣŲ
ʿǰʳʬ򣬽ʣ챦ӳѹεıȫɳǣЩսƷҪȥϽɵġ
ʳʬȫղؿ֪һʼΪ˵ĲƸ
ⶼҳա
ûͣáɳڿǰ
֮ʳʬ򳹵ױΪһƬ棬ѹĲӡ
ܱߵĿĿã׷ŵðǶŷɵϢٵĴݳȥ
ɳûΪκͣڿǰĿĵضȥ
;Уܵǰľʲôͨͨ顣顣
ңõϢٶٿ죬޷赲ɳǣ赲ʳʬ䱻ּɵԵļøǿҡ
ûгֵ׼£û˭ȥֵ׵ķâ
֮׷˱ܡ
ǴһֲҪȻЩҪ׼ǾԲǰľ棬˭֪ʲôɱﵣʱпһ
ǧľ룬̶̼ʱѾԽ
֪УѾһɽǰ
ϸȥɽʮ־޴ռݵʮܱߣïܵľݣ滨ݲŴݡ
𣡣
һ޺ХУڿ񱼣շ˷ӱܵˣͻ᳹
صǣɽնϣ˵ɽ岻֪ȥˣնϵλãɾ޴ƽһƽ̨أʮ
¡¡
𶯣ڲϵĺ
һ޴ɳǴԶ֡ǽܿʿսʼն׼ܡǰɽ壬һ˿ڴ
ǶɽȻϡ
Ŀã׵ͷɽĵͼȫͬεĿĵڡ
䣡
ˮʦѧͽαɽ޽ɳǳϵɽɽƽ̨ϡǰƽ̹ƽ̨зһϺȡɳȻȻ
䣡
һУɳڴϣʱ͸أɽںһܵĵȻȻĳɳǳǻۡһɲǼ䣬ܵضøȹ̡
һεؼ۶Ӵдݶ
ǶɽɳǾͽжǡ
Ŀãһֱӿϡ
Ż£ڳǽϣȻֳ׭֡ԴˣɳǾʹ˵


1018 ֮
ЩɳǽʱûֵģֻڵִӦλã׳䶨󣬲ŻݾͺñǣڶɽϣԾͽжǣȻȡȽ⣬Ҳ̫ӦͿԣϾʲôģС¶ѡ
ȥһ˲䣬ȻȻģͬʱϵεϵɳһ塣ܿһɹȻȻĳУǸԲǧ򳹵ڣ˵ɢȻȻĽܱ򸲸ס
ɽͼϷˮȻȻһһֵ֮µɳˮķΧ׵Ľ֮ڡ
ѾǶǡ
Ѿ곹ȶ״СдŶǡ
ڶǳʱƳУѾõӦ磬һʱѾõϢϢڵһʱͷ󣬷ǳ֮С
ÿɳڽ֮ʱѾôֻǣƶʱûа취תģͣҪ׼ȷ꣬ҲǾֹʱܴ͡
ԣÿɳǸոսʱԴ紫͹ȥֻʱĴֻ꣬ڣȷλãĿ򣬲մλá
⽫뵽׵Ĵ֮ڡ
Ҳһֻ̣ҪԸ⣬ɳеĽʿգͽȫͨǰǡ
ǣϣɳеİգڽ϶ˡ壬ԹŲˡ
վڳǽϣܱߵλã˵һƸߵ㡣Ըķһ޴ƽ̨ûκβľֲ˵λʵ̫ˣκҪɳǵĵˣμһȻᱻ֡
˵ѹ
֪ͨãǲǲԱǰִƶǣٳաӹܳз
ٴο˵
Ǿ󣬾ֻ𿪽½ɳǰȫƽȵ£ǳأҪרҵ˲ţвԸ£һɡû˭Խڴ˭һʼڽžʩ
Щ飬Ȼǿļء
Ӵɽ¡
Ҫġ
ڶǳͣƳУѾ׼õԱͨٶȸǡ
еʼ˸ǰ죬ܹĹâϣ͸Ŀ÷Բǧ֮ڵ鶼ܿĶࡣУʾţǴ׵ĽͬǶԻܱսٻܱߵկеһӰ졣
ףƳǣ֮С
̧ۿա
ڶصһɲǣˮšһʱ͵õӦ
һ䣬ڣУȻԿһɢ޾ѹͼϿաɢϣѹ졣
ȻǱͼͼ
ڴ˿̣ͼУȻԿУ۵Ľ£ֳһƬ嫽ɽϸȥͻ֣ᷢƬ嫽ɽȻĴ׽һɽһˮһһľһһأУȫӰ
ƬɽУֶܿһ顣ǧｮǶڵλá
׽ԽҵΪԽٶȾͻ졣۷ٶȣ֪ʿҪ϶ٱǵҪˡ۷ĵ̣ȫ֧ںǵĹ̡
аһͷ
ͼгֵĽɽͼͼøȹǿ󣬶ңŽɽͼˮĲɱһεΰԴԴϵͼǷࡣ
Խɽͼķˮ֮׳ͼṩԴԴϵ֡
аͻƵ鲻ټȥˡĵ̣ȫҪٻ۸
ȻɽͼĽԽͼҲűøǿ
һΣɲֻǶһɳ¡
ͬһʱ̣Ⱥ֮䣬ʮɳǽ£ָλϣ뽭ɽͼˮϵòɷָ
˲Ƭ
һʱ֪ܵ
ָоʮ׾ͷ·ţһıǿһСʮǿҡ
ЩɳǷת
ѯʵ
ɳѹҰʣҪΪҪûаգ㹻İմɳУô㹻ǿѹܱ塣
ɳڣҴ׽֮ءκδװգǰ³Ƕӣңܱ߻ҰУգֻҪЩգȻɳѸӵľա岿УҲŴ񣬱ץΪūڳĹУȻõȡЩǴµ񡣡
ƽ˵ңµĻҰУȻŴȫµĴկЩկеգͬҴ׵ǱաҴ׵ĴţΪκԸ׵򿪡Ը׵ĴկҴ߲ܡ
ҽ˴һǰկ򣬶ȥůȥػǶԸܵǴ׵ů
գգ۾еᣬ
ҰдŴۼأǴկǳ򣬵Ȼܴڵģһʱʵ򣬺ǰֵڣۼأûнڣûǰȥ
岿䷢𹥻塣ȥڴ֮У֮УǶ˿Է顣֮䣬ûκδ¿ԡеľǶռᣬʵǾɰܵĸ
ɶۼأȻô
һˣУͻڴһĥ۵㡣
۵㣬ǾԲԸմȾϵġ
ǵף򣬴ǲ׶ۼطսġⲻǸ֮ʣǴǰ
֮ǰڼ̸ʱ
ڼֱЦ赣ǣҴĹ鸽֮Уңҡ趯ֻҪʩɡͬһֻҪǰ֮¼ȥңҪӴȡͬʱҪ˵չǰȻ¹֮սǰ
ڼʷϱ֮ΪʿıУüıΪ׺ݵһңóľϸȻȻĴﵽĿġǣ֪׳նŵȴ޷ܣǾܹܣҪò
ͬķַ׽һݶ۵ҰҲ޷ơַ飬̺⣬ЩۿĿµıʿĿôȴԸܡ


1019 Ҿ
Ϊʲô
ΪеҰģַַǵҰĵõʩչĿռ䣬ԣڼĶƣܹĵõʵʩ׽Ԩ
ʲôԶֻġ
ѰѿصĶ
ɶıʿԣȴ
ڼĽ飬ʣͬϵһĶơ
ֻҪɳѹڻҰУܱ򣬺ʣڴĽⷶΧУƾɳǣϽ׵ӰԴԴϵķȥ壬ͬǶһѹ
׶䣬Ǿֱӹġ
֪Уܵĸֶ磬켮ңԶᵣĶӣͨʳԺ޹˼ɵĳԱ㡣ԵõĻᣬ˶˶ܵõܹӵӵͨѶ໥Ի໥̸
ָԽǿĶԱȣԽ󲿷ŵ
ͬΪ壬ĶԱȣʣ鶼ܵǧ򱶵ı
Ǳеı
ټϴײϸȥʣůܵԴ׵ĹػǱ˴֮ǿࡣУѾ£ģͬЩжԴ
һ˼䣬ЩȻ᲻߽⣬ǵ󣬲òһ뵽С
ġ
ۣܸۡ仰ͽĵİؽ쾡¡
һ򣬹֮ԸԸ⣬ǶѾ赲
ʣڴůֶΣЩûа취ֹһֹǾԼеİΪУһʼ˵ʲôѾ򱳣ءɵĺء
ʲôǴơǴơ
ڴףǴ׵Ͳ赲
ַǱĬһĲʳյȵҪӦʱͻ֣ᷢʱʲôѾˣҲˡ
ȻǴס
ܶǾַֻǱĬĽ֮ΪҴȻʱ᳤һ㣬ţԺķѲ˶ʱ䡣˼˼
дһ˿ƶһ˿š

׵ڼٶȣʵ̫ˡ
ʮ·ͬʱɱѪǣ;УȻⲻ˷ͻɱûκһܹ赲ɳǵĽŲ
ڵһʱʮɳֱӳָλá˲ô׽һȦ
ͬʱɳǺϣرȻӹɳǵķʮŸŷأµɳǣٴɳǳȫµĵַȥ
һɳǷٱŽҰ
һδѪĴУȻԿ赲ɳǲѾԽԽ٣һЩɳǰ·е岿䣬׷׿ʼǨתơ
̫ˣŵٶʵ̫ˡ
ʮȫսзӵ£û˿˷ѣƬϢûУʮɳѾװӦλϡȻʮɳǣܱ߽һȦǧﷶΧ
죬̫ˡ
쵽岿ЧĶֶΡѾɡ
ˣ˲ڴƺС
ٲȻԿƺУУѾɴСֻ֮ң⻹Ǹոţֻ֮ǵһѣȵվȽŸȶµĽУԴԴϵṩˣʱٴӭһαǡ
ţ̶һһҹѾɡ
ٶ֮죬ܶ嵽ڶӦ
ױˡ

ҹҹɫŨûһƬգѹѹģƺҪ˶ãͻһ籩꽵١
˿̣һɽ
ǵģһɽһ޴Ļɽ
ɽڲȻпյģɫҽڷɢһˣҵϢΪĴ̱ǣͬʱ¶ȼߣƽʱûжԸ⿿ǿоΪܡܵܡ
ɾĻɽС
ڻɽײû˭ĵҵҽУȻӵһ޴ĵ졣ҽеĵ졣ͺҽǺˮˮеĺĵ
ڵϣȻԿȻһ޴ĳǳظʶͨһֳɫĹʯɣ֣۽ûа취ǽǽڻ
ڳǽϣȻֳ֡ҳǣ
ҳУȻԿһ࣬ɫʯͷ㣬¶˸ųɫһ壬ϣд̱ǵϢкֱܶ࣬ӾҽΣϷЩҽƺΣգ潫۽ɺˮϴ衣
ڻɽĻɽϣܶЩܶУҲܿе˾ۼЩֱӾڻɽҽвɱһɹɵˣҽӿɽ
˿̣ƽʱҳǣ֪УѾ˺ܶ塣
Щ̫࣬Ըͬ塣һ𡣿˴Ŀġһ֪дҪ
ʳħаҹ飬Ѫ飬Ӱħȵȡ弫ࡣ
ҳǣһ޴ĴС
ȻԿˣһɫ϶ֳһɽƣҺӡϣٲȻһߴҾˡһͷɫͷÿһһҽӡҽʡֻһۣͲԾһ˿η
һλȻ岿峤
ڴڣŲӰͬλֻǣЩλ޷Ҿ˵ȡ
У͸ߴʳħ˫ͷʳħԴɢĿ⣬ڿһɲǣεĿ־塣ڵܿһ˿˿ʺѪƬ
Ҳ£ԵüΪİҹ顣гѪɫѪ顣лɢϢħ塣ܿһԵüΪŵ࣬ԣ࣬ǲ԰׵ϣڿеȮȻңѪ塣
Ѫ
Ϥ˿ȻϳһλǱˣǵһλ˼顪ĳ̡
ĳ̵תѪ󣬾Ȼһū֮չԼĺᣬȻһ֧ǿѪ岿䣬Էĳ̵ͷԣѪҪ뷢չᣬֱӽתѪ壬ٶȼ죬ѾСӡ
ӲѪ˿̣Ȼʸϯڡ
ǿߣһÿһɢϢԵüΪء
λ˵˵ڸô졣ͻȻʼţɳΪݣƽʮ·Ѿ°ʮȫµɳǣɳѹҰٴνƬ׵Ľ֮ڡʣѾ׵˼չ¶šҰģѾȻҡҶϤ׵ĽŲ϶ʹֹţǴҵӶù
ĳɫŵ˵
ΣȻʸ񿪿שˡ
ͬʱҲûٽԼ࣬˵ݣѾӵеݣֻѪѪݡ


1020 Ƕ
Ŵĺ֪
ܱԣǶһּѹǴŵԭ򣬶дѹԴԴϵϯͺͨ棬һһ͵Ĵ㣬ܲΣ
һ㣬Դ׽ڣڻҰе˽⣬ɵѹǺεȵľˡ
ûĸ岿Ը⿴ԼͷĪĶһʱ
̫ǿǲܽܡ
Ѹײڶ֮ƾǲʮ·ͬʱܱ𹥻ʮɳͬʱڸأ׵ѾЩΪֲ²Ż˿µĺţǸ涼˶⡣˻ôǡֻ˵ųܡۡ
ĳ̼˵ɳѹҰһǸ֮ĺơɳ£Ӱͻվǵ̣ӣУѾһӰ㣬ɰγȴʹ̡ҷ֣ɳڸոʱǸǳʱ̣Ҳױݻٵʱ̡ǷʩΪʱ򡣡
ҪɳǣǾͱɳǸոºʱɡ
ĳȻ壬ǶڴףмΪ̵˽⡣ǻѴľȥоȥ̽顣ͷԸϼΪ
ڶڴ׸Ǹеʹ
Ҫ֪ڵڴ֮УǾؼ˼顣ͽͷ­ǰéġ֪ҪԴ
ԴˣĳķӦֱףֻҪܶԴ谭飬ԸȥǱֵļΪ
һֵֺ壬ݣѪ壬ԭȵ壬ȴһĪҪԽãоԽӵĿģһָİõĸоԽӵ֤ԼݣΪѪľһӢľ
ȷ
ΪˣΪıߡ
ҪӴҵһĪԽС
˵Ҫô졣ʵɲ⡣ǧΧѪǣ赲⣬ɱѪɺӣ޷ԽѪǣƳǣɳǣҲûгԹûа취ơԴʵȻţǾͿ϶׼Ҫɳǣ˵ףôס
ħеǿЦ˵۾Уһ˿䡣
Ҫа취ĸλͲš
ʵϣڴ׵һţʮɳʱ岿ѾԴٴϹɳǣûóȻȥΪʲôΪÿһɳǣÿһ֧ŵսȻ൱Ŀ£óȻǰֻͽѡ
飬ȫ޲˭ɵӣɳ£пԺռᱻѹҪ赲˲أѪɺӣ𵱳Ľ֡Ȩ֮£ѡ񣬾Զ׼顣
⵱ȻӦֲ¡
Ҫ׼ԾٶȽս£˵ãŲ˼ɡ
ѾΪʵ˵޲
˭뿴ţ˭뿴ױøǿҪƣǾҪһеķʳħǿ߿˵Ҷ˵˵ɣʲô취Ը壬ԸЩɳǡ
ҾۼǾֻһĿ꣬塣
ҹ鷢ҪɱҰҹԳһ
ҪɱӰħʲôʱ¹˭
ӰħЦЦ˵ɳǿɲô׽ģӰħǿǱƳǣȴѶȫ޵³Ǳ֮Ӱħ˵ڶ˭˵һǶ棬ǰҹʲôֶΡ
Уƺһ˿мڴ̿УǲǴ̿еĴ̿ͣɱеɱ֡
Ƕ˵ڴк޼ɣ׵ɳǣǶһֿµĽΪӰħǿʧٵΪֹûа취֪ô£ʲôֶΡ
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ʱǿ߿˵
Ĳ˵ھ綾ȻԵüΪšǾ涾ĸ֣Ȼ綾Ŀƻκһ涾пһƬΪأľ㡣
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Ƕ
ǿЦ˵
ʲôǶ
֣Ƿĳ̣һ̣Ҳɵһ˿
Ƕʲô綾ܶпܲ
ũٲݵ鲻֪ܲ˵ũƷٲݣΪѰҩ֮ƷĹУʣεжжսҩ֮綾һδεԵǻּ֣ũܱũݾһҽ顣
Ψһ־綾ũûа취ǾǶ
־綾ũ޷˵ũǶ֪Ƕж඾
ڡũݾмأǶζƽƻʳȣˮ񴴣ʴƶɱޡһɽȡ
ҽԻͤߣ°£ɸɡ
ƣǶҲ֡ɽƣo֮ɽвɣ״ë໪ʵԻ֮زԲ
ЩֻƬ綾֮£ЩһⶾҲ˵ңͬƹ֮֮ɢɱһСλ涾֮һǰ
ǶɱͨˣͬʿǿߣֻҪǶ֮ĿԼͣʮֵײС
κһǽɰĴڡǣɾ;زۣȻǸ
ǶҪ֣ʣͼླᱻɱ־綾ô¡
ĶλȨأ֪ȻͨʿҪĶ࣬ҲǶĿ£־綾ƽʱǶƵߣԲ
˭֪ʲôʱж
Ƕڣǽ
˵ǶҪ֪Ƕ°ɢĶɫζֻҪͻжһãǶԲ˺á
Ѫǿɫ䣬˵
ɵ֮⣬֪
ǶȻûа취׿Ѿ̽鵽ǶѾǶײһͻӣЩӿƮķֻҪƷ򣬾Ƕɳ֮ڣӣҲ̺綾ɢ㣬ƮɢԸɳǣʱȻɳǣݲʬҰ֪ʹζ
ǿЦ˵
ǵӸѹӢ࣬ƮƮɢǾǾ綾


1021 ׼
Ƕľ綾ǶЩ涾м֣ũؼ䣬һһľ涾ؼǣǶɢٶȣʮѸͣǶУһֹƶһжѸǶƳ棬ͬƹ֮ѪǺ
ֻҪǶɳ֮ڣһǰճ׻ΪʬǾԲʲôЦ顣пʱڽɢӿµѡ
ǶɲǺǵģһãɢɳǣǸ䣬˶ʧأǶҪ˵
ӰħɫЩѿ˵
ǶĶʮְԵ˭˵ֱӿɳ֮ڣҪǴɳɢأɵĺпǧ˲ݲ
˭˵ܶסǶԵɢ
ƲסǾһµĴѡ
Ϳ̿
Ҫǿǡ
һΣħǿ߶˵
ȻҲ׽ǶŪ

ٿһ¡
ǿҲʶĽͷѹȥһ˫н˭֪ʲôĺ٣ڵǶ֮أǵطŭǶǶĶǲᳯɢġ
ʹǶĻû취ѣǸѵûƲֶβɡʳħЦ˵
壬˭ǳصġﶼǷ֧ɵֶδػѷɫʳʬĆǹ𣬾һླǿ߹ȥᱻ̳ԵĳЩֶεƣȴʺֱӶãΪһĴڣɱﵣײᶯá
磬׼
ʱĳٴο
׼
仰ʱеǿ߷׷һ¶һĨ֮ɫ
׼׼̳λħ
Ҿڴ˿̣³һУһڣܸܵǿҵϢжһֿ񱩡
׼Ҫм̳
̳ؼΪأΪ˼ÿһ̳һϴܡླĴǰһָͷȲ׾ͻᱻҶʣ¡
׼ȻҪ̳̳׼ý顣
֪֪ļ̳һĹ֮УĹڣкܶ޻֮ɼƷ׼̳Ӽ̳УܻǱøǿ̽飬ڼ̳һƪ֮ģ̵һħشڣ˵ħпǧƳĿֻҪ׼ͿԻøָĹƳ档
ĳ̿˵
ȷʵһ̳ңļ̳ڻҰУκ壬κ鶼Զ׼һ׼ͻøָĹƳ档
磬׼Ҫǿʵڼ̳ϾͻѪƣǹƵȹƳ棬ѪƣȥֱӻΪҩǿѪѪ֮Ѫʢ˵ȻȻ׳øǿоǹơùӹ
Уս
кܶĹƳ棬ÿһֶǴҩЩ׼ߵõ˵ĺôȻеĹƳ涼ǶģܶĹƳ棬Ϳɾ˵ƻʮֿ£ܶĹƳ棬׾һɳеİյʬҰ
ħȻû˵ӦòǸĴǿߣκ塣ŻҰ⣬Ұκ嶼Լ׼Ȼˣ׼֮ǶȣΪǶףٲĳʧصľ档Ʒô졣
ʳħͷ˵
ʾͬ
ⲻмĶ󣬲ȴһ㶼ǵĲҡ̳õ֤
κμ̳ڼʱҪͶãмƷԽ࣬õķԽ࣬ӵǿ棬Ҫ߸ɳǣǸļƷһܲңҪԽԽá
ҹǿ߿˵
ĶȻħ񣬹Ƴ汾ڶӦûϲֶ棬ЩļƷҶṩһ
ǿ˵
ħҲṩһ
ħ˵
ΪūΪƷӦûӻħӰңūڴ٣УҲ˷ʳǷӳӦеá
ĳͻȻٴ
Уޱ飬ƺһûСĮ˾ÿ¡
оһĪĿ־塣
Ļڶǿ߷׷׽Ŀ⿴˹ϣһֻһɵ
úݶķĳ̣ΪȴԷĿɳ𣬺Ľ廹µ˺Ķ֣ȫҪƲּһǶĳ壬еľ˽ΪԼҰģһСΪУҪô֣һ־Ҫ
ÿһǿߵжһ˿εļɵ
ǶʵǶĺ
ҲôңҷĳѪ壬ɲ壬Ҷԣֻǹȥ뽫ĳƺ֪ǵ뷨ƽ˵
Ǻãμ룬Ҫиֶﶾ棬ҪдѪʳҪūҲ٣⼸죬ٶռƷʱٳ׼ֻҪ׼ɹǵ߸ɳǵʱ̡
Ҿ˿˵ȻѾ
ãζ޼ɵţΪǸ嶼ǳصôһѵоͲ֪η
һǿѾԥѡ
ûԸ⿴޼ɵţҪһ㷴ӦûУȥ涼ᶪһɶ˭ǡ

˿̣ڰУɽ⣬µӰһ֮ڣ˿ܹ죬һܴһ۾
磬𡣡
׽Ӱܿ𡣡
ͬʱѯʵ
нƣңģɽҽڷڡЩ嵽ʲô翪˵
Ҳܿľ棬ڵߣ϶ıƣ˶ۼ϶ζԸǴ
׽ӰҲҡҡͷ˵
ʲô飬ɵ⡣
໥һۣտ
λȻֵе
ֵ˵Ѿɴʿܶ඼죬ǰĲ׽ӰһӵǿͨΪܹײ׽ԷеĸѶϢ˳ȣҲѷɫֺ׽Ӱ۾ϡ
ĿˣԲ׽ٶٿ죬ܿһ˴ڴ̽鱨˵ֱɼ򵥡
Ŀ岻ϻۣңǿߣ棬ĳ̵Ӱĳֵ̿ͨĴڣֱǱɱĳ֣¼øӲ򵥡
ԣ˶һۺ󣬿ȥ
飬һʱͳ㱨ȥ


1022 
˿̣ڴУ֮ڡ
д˿̺ȻͶھ֮С
һɳѹķغһɹѾԴԴϵĳл۶ȥͬʱڣɽͼķԴԴϵڣ·һɹɽλ۳ɺܿеԪۿɼٶڱǡ
ͼϱǿУ۷ڲϴ黯ʵԽԽУ̺ԸԽԽŨ˾ĲΡҪͻƵĸоÿʱÿ̶ǿ
Ϊˣвòȫһߣֱӽ뵽С
ΪѾ޷ѹƵĵزླУǣꡣѾԳػ֮ȻԼɱ䣬޻ǣǾֻһ߿տǡǣ÷ԲɱķࡣøӵǿԲ
۷֮󣬷ླУ磬껹ǣⶼûйϵʲôԣֻƾϲСϲģҲϲǵġ
꣺̥⡢ˬ顢ľǣʬʸȸǶࡢΡеҲ֮Ϊ֮꣬Ϊһ壬ۣΪΪ࣬ΪΪӢʵֻͬ˵һѡ
ݵҵ˵УҪһ̥꣬⣬ҽжһ̥ⶪˣ̥ⶪ˵ˣӡ
ڶˬ飬飬˺عͨı죬˻ķӦ̶ȣˬӦж߼ȵȣνһЩ֢ߣˬ⣬⣬һЩûʹУ޷֪ʹˬҲһĹϵ
ľһ˵ȡ򣬾ЩǡЦǣǵľˣͬʱľҲ㰮ʲôˣЩϲߴͣЩϲϸ壬Ϊľ
ΪΪ֮أǿȻΪǿںǣ꣬ǹһࡣ
аԳ
ǵѡջѡǡ
ֻǣںϿɲɵ飬ͬǾΣգң̺Σʮǿ󡣱Ҫ׽ٲܽ뷨ںһҪȻûа취ϣںϵġ
ʱ򣬷ǿס׽٣ǲǿҲס׽٣һͬǿ׽پһѴ񴸡ô֮£Ҫô飬Ҫôͷâ
ȻҪۻǣһɶ͵ģȫһǽһǵĽСÿںһǣ÷øʵںɣĸʵû
һԣܶʿںһǺ󣬶ѡϢϢһʱںǡ
Ҳʼ񽥽ƽ
ԺȻȻĸֳǵѶϢһǣ˵߹ܣϻа磬켺ڵкʡ
ǣʬǿһԺģܾ˼ʹ˯ˣҲΧи֪Ҳ˯֮еԤЩ˯һܸоҪõɱ˵ʬͺ
ǣ࣬࣬ڻ࣬лķ˼壬ȥ֮³´лķɴ㣬峿ų⡣
ǣΣϢ˯˻Ҫ˵ɵϢǺ֮ͣ٣ϢԽλԽãɹƣ˻ԽΪһĺжģ˵˽Ѿ
ǣȸӰϿֳܵĻָ糿а֣ͻγԻָžŮԻְ״ࡣ
ǣǶۣۼһ㣬ǰѺȶɢɢֹ֢ȵȣ㿴Щͳɼģ˯õģ˯ĶΣܴ󣬸ɱ֪ȴѲˡ
ǣʸ꣬ǣʶ
ͬʱҲӦϲŭ塢
ԣںʱʣںһںϣǶƿͻøǿ
Ҫںǣģҳǡ
ҪҳǣֱӵķǡıãȻȻĻַط
ûгɣԽǵĸѶϢԺϸ˼Ѿ˶ۡ
һ䣬Ѿͼ۷֮С
ȥ󣬱ܵĸоһƿصоĵףţиֳµŮ壬ѩ׵ļһǿڸ֣֮۷ӿ֡ʱͿڣѪС
׵ģһȸ
Ȼһֻڵȸƾո֣һХĿȻͼУƺܿ۷ܸܵ۷ϴݳǿԣ
䣬ѾѸٻΪһ⣬Ѫг񺣡ٳ۷˽ȥ
۷ͺһƬ󺣰㣬ȻȻĽֻȸڣڽںȸǸоһ˿ԣҪߡ
ڴ˿̣۷ȸһӾͱһԽļڷ֮ڣҪ뿪ǽ״ơ
ȻԾϴ۷ʵ̫ǿˡ
ǿ󵽾ͬļΪǿȸǶûа취۷ơ
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пʼͻʱϿգ׵ģһڵĽԴԴϵĻۣΪһƬǵصģһڽд
ֻ棬Ȼڵһʱ;Ƴǡ
ƣôʱ֣˭Ҫɽô
ҪжǿΪƣƣһӣֱǿֲʵ̫ˡ
Ƴֵλѵͻˡϻǡ
գǳеسԳ
Ѿڲϲ²⡣ƣܶ˶ãӦͻƣڶɽ١
꣡
Ƭ̺һɫ˲仮գѸײڶٶȣֱӳھУУ״ңȴûжԾκˣ·ǽֻǻþѡ
ʵʵͷϣȴûжκˣĽڣ۷Ͽգһ׾ôλεĺ۷ϡ
ֲʼһֻһеԴԴ͸ÿһ壬ڵȸҲ⡣ڽУĲҽУ飬Ϊһ۷ȥƺоںϣͻڽ»Ϊ촷ۡ
в£ĿܣΪںϡ
̣쵽˼飬䣬۷ٴһڲ˵øӵʵõһɱ䣬̥ǡ
Ȼںȸǣܸоڵ·ƿأھĸ֪ǿȸԭȵһǿ
аһ˿Ӧ


1023 ߽
⻹һ۵񣬿ɲΪ˽һǵģҪôۣҪôȫںϡи۷ɱ䣬ȴûһԵãһǲĿڡ
۷һ̥Ĵڡ
ںǵ̥ںϣǹһĹ̡
ټ
ûгɣһٶ˥ߡһ䣬Ѿٴοʼʩչ
һΣǣģȻ֮ʬǣһǳʱֱӾͻΪһֻĶȮĿʮײУηܵǣʬͬϲĳ۷˽ȥ
һȥʱеĽӦȻ䣬һ֮ǰӴ׳Ľɫƥ㻮գֱӴԽһУڣ۷֮ϡ
꣡
ɫĵڷϲ˸Ծ
ʬͬ£һ飬ٳ۷ɢݹȥ
ʬ飬͵һǱɢڷླΨһĽɣǳǵķһڽб飬ǳһЩȱڣʬǾ裬ͻ֮ţһ㣬ǶһĪʧʧľ֮УԷҲһģˣֲķѵʱԴ󣬴ĵ̡
ԣ﷨ླһɾͷͻƴǿΪڽ֮£ס׵ͬʱĽںϽȥ˷һ˿
۷ˣʬǵľȫѹڣڡ۷Ǹĺ࣬ʬǾˮݣȻȻȥĴ£ںһ𣬽ף·ںϼ˼컯
ڶںϣɵɡ

аԷһϺȡ
һ䣬ʼǣǡ
ĵ̻ʵ̫ۺˣۺ׶ûа취κε
һǣǣǣ

һǽһǵں£֪УѾﵽߵҲһǣʸǡһǿ˵ؼһǣǵĸڡ
׸һһҪǿǲϱý׵ƻڵʱ۷Ҫڽ׵ƻ³Ѻۣ˺ѣҪǷֻҪѺۣͻǾ𡣶ߵ̺͸ӵǿᡣ
һϣп۷˶飬ɾ޴ˡ
ʸǣںϡ
һûκγɣ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿʼǣ뷨ǣĹ̲ûжѶȣⱾԼǣҪȻѵȥ
һ䣬Ѿڣ뷨֮С
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ɽ𢣡
һ̣пзһϺȡһ䣬ͿͼУƬɽͼڣһɹԴԴϵķӵ۷ϣ۷Ȼǿøǿ󡣱Ҫױķ˲ͽн׳ѹȥ
ʱƣܿʸѾ뵽۷С
߽ǣ߽һ۷Ҳڿʼ黯ʵǴ壬ںǣΪʵʣңǵ뷨ںϡƿظǿ֮ƿظɡڵһǰʮ֮
۷ɱ䣬ĸıΧıƿ֮øǿʵԣ֮ǰʮࡣһһ죬һһ羰
֪УеĽѾɢһա
߽٣ߴνףǶɹߴνףһһǣһ׳ɣǾǴԲǲ˼鰡
ƳУһ¥У鹫ӺȻ棬һߺžƣһ߿գ¶棬ԵüΪȡ
Ҫ֪ླһʮصľ磬һСģͻȴΪǿߵĸڣҪûа취Բ޷Ԫǣغǿ
֮ƿأƿء
øǿˡ
鹫аԸ̾
еٶȸе̾ٶȣЩɢ޵˻Ҫĸ죬ң̻ܴﵽ˾˵ĵزǲò˾ȡ
ླףǸǣ޷Ⱥ󡣲Σ顣࣬ʵ۳ʵʡ仯
鹫
о磬κʿѷɫ;ǿĹУӵжսǿй־Ȼһʮ˽⡣
Ɑƣ͸̤;ˣ½ɳǣȻжҷЩ岿ɲʲôԸűǿġеĽѾˡ
鹫һŵ˵

˿̣ڹϣ֮µƽУԿһ޴ĹЩȻ칤󣬾µȵȹڡ
ƿŴ׵תŦ
һͨڣֻǣǰһɫáʮ죬Ŀã̲סһ˿ȥĸоʮǿҡ
ڣһСӰλãȻͯʡ
ǰǲ׽Ӱˡ
˵ܹȷʵô
ͯ¶һ˿أѯʵ
ôƭңҪٵϢҲϱϢЩۼһ𣬿϶ڰʲô˵ıơңغۿЩ뿪󣬷׷׿ʼǲսʿ޽ɱ׽ռ־綾֮
˵
ǰǻܶ岿ԭȱץգѾǿپۼƺʲôҪСڲץա
׽ӰҲ˵
Щƺ֡˵
ʲô֣ͯ˵
׼ԣ׼
翪˵
׼ЩѵѰҼƷҪ׼׼ʲô׼˭ĿʲôҪôͬʱ֡
ͯ΢΢ü૵
ܵĸоһ˿Ծ
ˣȥ£Ҫϡ
ͯ΢ջȥ
Դˣ׽Ӱ˶ǹȥͯʵľη֮Ŀ֪д˵ͯпеŮˣпѾΪϵŮˡȻû˭Ҷʲô֮ġ
ͯʵӰѸٴӴʧ
ϣͯ
⣬һСոͻƵлѹ

ԺȻֳŰĵǱ¶һĨЦݣ漴кͯʼȻʱҹǾͿ϶һС£޷Ĵ¡
ϡ
ͯʹİݼ
ܵϸܵһԨѹɲ⡣


1024 ƾͼ
֮ǰϿճֽƣѾ²⵽ɽٵĿ϶УһԶɹ߽ٵģ˭ûĵ̵̣ǿ󣬲һɶͣںǡɣڷླпԽһ󲽣ǺܶʿҪ꣬ʮ꣬ϰܶɹ̡
ٶȣ
Դˣͯʲûκεη壬ԽӵľηһĪĳݣӵľԽǿԽӵΪ𾴣Ƿģ֮С
ͯʣʲôҪ£
̧ۿͯʣѯʵ
֪ڱչУҪǰߵأ֪п϶޷Ĵ¡
ϣȷʵд¡
ͯһͿڽֵ̽鵽Ϣ˵һ˿һû©
ֿʼ֣ң׼׼ļƷУȻ壬иֶޣҪʲô岿׼׼һݴ񡣡
ͫ΢΢¶һ˿Ц
룬˭Ҫõʲô
ʣۼһģȻΪδͻȻеţ岿䶼һǿҵΣУΣȻȻǱ˴Ҫһ£ңԲ²⣬ԵĿ꣬оųɰǴס
ֵ̽鵽ЩƷƺҪһ̳ڼ̳ʲôλãΪֹûеõȷе鱨
ͯʼ˵
̳ȻǼ롣
һĨ֮ɫ
ЩѾһ£̳йصĶȻǼΪ˼Ĵ¡֮ϵĴڣ˲õĴͨߣĳħ
磬ЫΪ֮ݵļ̳ڵʱĺڰ̳ھħжȡļ̳ڵɱʱѪħ̳Щ̳һǴ졣в˼ΰ̳һĹͬ㣬Ǿ׼
̳Ҫ룬Ҫ׼ƷܻȡҪĸֱܴԸ򣬼̳ǲӦġ
棬Ȼĳֹ
̳ʲô̳ʲôʲô塣
ʣܶ岿ԴӦû˽⡣Ϊǿ߱ӡµİգ඼ͨˡ¾ҪϾܻԵĴ£һЩѾǼΪ׵顣
׸ǿ˵ȫǴӷؽġȻΪװյŬ»вؾ󣬻µ伮Ե伮Уǻõ̳Уǿȫµ
ڼ̳ļأȴ֮١
룬ʷϣоصĵλ룬ǹ֮ڣҪ֪񷨣е췢չ룬У֮ءڼУ̳Ǳر֮ûм̳ɼͳҰ·ӵ
棬Ҫϼ̳졣ͳҪ룬ֻǣͨ룬ֻ̳üݣΪСûʸԼ̳ĹҪԼ̳룬ǾԽ񣬷ˡ
ֻ壬ʸ̳Ҳֻڴʱܵϼ̳м룬еĹأʮֶ࣬ޱȣһ˸
ۣͬoȵȣǼ̳Ǳر֮Բ٣ȻѰ
½У̳ķԸأңǷ
һ㣬Լ̳Ӿܿһ
漰̳飬ÿһô򵥡
ÿһ̳涼пܴһλ˼ĴͨߣҲֻڰУӡ£ǾԲֵܳģֻҪԳ֣ģѹ
ƽ˵
ΪЩǿߣĿ³ֿԲߣ׼һԵõ׼ļƷԽ࣬õķԽࡣĳֱĳֿΪĶ䣬Щȫпܵġ
Щıʲôʣһ¡

п³һ
ūڡ
⹧ĴӦ
֪ͨϣ־ʦǰ
ǣūס
ϵĴӦ
漴Ѿʧ
ߣȥ
пһͯʣվ
漴תͳųȥ
ͨٶȻ죬ûжãڼѾ
ڴе˲ֻ࣬ͯʵˣˣûж֪ͨ
ͯʣ㽫õ鱨λ˵һ顣
п漴ͳͯʾ
ǣϡ
ͯʵͷӦ漴ٴν̽鵽鱨˵һ顣
󣬴һĬⲻԣǶԺаŸոõѶϢҳһЩؼԲߡ
ϣ岿䣬ıҴɳѹȴ޷ƿɳǣ˭Ը⸶ʹۣ£׼õѡ֮һΨһǣѡ׼һλһ֣յĿģΪ˴ݻҴɳǡ£ɲ
ƳһȻ˵
ü䣬ҵĺȻתǻ֮⡣
ǣҷԽߣתٶȾԽ죬ӵΪɱΡ
˵׼ǾͿԿ϶õʹͣؽԶɳвܵ׼ڼ֪ܶಿ䶼ħԼǿ档лм̳Щ̳ÿ嶼ǿļΪײ֪ȻҪ׼кܴܣ׼ļ̳κһС
ڼĬһ󣬿˵
Ҳ໥ε£֣һǴ׵ѹΪѡļ̳岿䶼ڼΪƽܱ˽ܡڻҰе̳пؼһ㡣䱻Ĺռ֡
Ҳ׵ͷͬ
ڼһۣ໥ͷ
ǵǻۣڵһʱѾȷֿܵļʼߡ
ϣΪδزһλᣬǷɢڻҰУҪ뽫ǽҪķѵľۣƱؼΪˣлὫЩ徫һδһһݵĺʱԽƾͼƣ׼֮ʱ֮һ򾡡
˵
ֻʵ̫ѵˣѵõ̲סҪһ򾡣ô׽ڣв
Ǳץȥءһսܴ
Ƴ΢΢ü˵
鱨Щ岿ȥ׼գпﵽ֮ࡣҪǵɵľһʲֲɱ
˵ЩȻҪȣڳ֮ǰֻҪΧʩչֶͨԻ壬ڴУǲ񣬽մнȳٶΧˡȻ֮ǰѾƽϡ


1025 ʿ
ֻҪʩչĺãԴڵߣпܽմнͷųʣκ鶼ŷգһ巢֣˵ɶ̱ӣյѣʲô鶼пܷ˭޷Ԥ⡣
ĺ֪ͣʲô
пڼѯʵ
ڼ¶һĨȻ֮ɫ漴˵ڼΪ뽫󲿷־һȣգҲδز
岿ϣǱȻ໥裬Ĵĵ£ҪʩȵĻѣңĿԸһ׼֮Ѿ¶ǱȻᱧһţˣؽҴ׽ʿɼˡп޷һս״յĿģԲ
ֻҪ˳׼׼ɵһʱؽΪиʱ̣һֻ̣Ҫ𹥻һս£׹ɡ
һսսȻڼ̳ܣΪƷȻǵѪΪƷ˵ıһ컯
ڼƽĻУ̺ĺ壬ȴôе˴ӹðһɺ
ö
ڼļƿǺ涾Уƺûн۵ףΪ徫Щмֵ
ǵѪծ徫Ѫ
ʱ̳Ϊһµ׼ʣһ׼ܵõĺôҲ޷ġ׼Խ࣬õԽ࣬Բһջ
ڼļƻͯʶһü
ǽǧͬӰƿأΪ˴ﵽĿģǲֶΣٶ˿Ķҡ
ɣǿգǻľó棬ǻ壬Ҵ׽Ϊ˱ӻգҪܹһ֮أ֮ҪѡôǴֺ졣һˣҴ׵˶ҡ²Ϊ
ƳԥĿ
ֱǻǧָһˣһӶϴˢ۵㣬ԶĨɱ
ղǰ
Ȼ־ʦļƻ׵ҴΪ²ΪҴ׽ʿΪػնڣѪɺӣʬҰ
Ҳ˵
Уַ磬ĬĬţûв죬սֲʱſڵҪɱҲҪȣΣһ³̣ٸ֪ڱУͯʣֵٶȽĵص̽ڵõַ󣬵һʱ
֪ͨţԴʱ׼սҰ
ּ䣬жȻ˵
Ѿԥ
תȥ
˷׷׿ڴӦ
ţȥͯʣһʱ뿪ǰֵѾףһΣֵֵʱ̣ܲ칦ͣͿܲܽס
ˣǾǹͣ첻ãǺʣֵȻõһܵۡɲҪĵõġ

̿ͣƽԭͥС
޴ĻƽǸʶ
ǽߴʮɡܿƽڳΪͥڣռݵ֮ǰҪʮٱǺ嫾޴ɢ޾ϣأУ޴ĻȼգУһ޴Ļƽڳ˯䣬ڵ
ƽǣӵһơѾͬ
ңУرɭϡ
ܿдʿѲӡЩʿ˸еľսʿĶƤףõĶǿ޵Ƥǿ󣬴ЩƤףսʿƶýȻͬڳѲʱõԸ˲ĽĿ⡣
ȻЩʿܿЩҡˣйͷˣţͷˣ嶼ܿٶϾΪս
ڳǽϣȴվһ;޴Ӱһ޴ıսʿͨɢ񱩵·ѹأһСЩսʿɲ٣кܶȫסƺڶʱڣ
ڳ⣬ȻԿкֱסһ޴ľӪ֮ڣʲô嶼ܱܿڵĽ壬˸ͥУͥȵľӣͥȻͥǸ˲ΪҪŦζ׳ֱʡ
ȻЩҲ˵ֱͥɱ
ò˵˿̵ͥѾʼһͥȡ
ĵ̵ǿ
һƣǾˡ
ͥС
һڣȻԿ
ߴıסһž޴ĽɫϡϵϣбøӵŨǿͨʿ¿һۣоһϢ
棬ֱ࣬ڷһž޴ΡȻԿǿ߶ˡ
壬壬壬ţͷ壬壬壬ͷ塣壬ȵȣܿȺеĸ塣ģǸеǿߣǶǸÿ¸أ󣬵λߵˡ
ͥûʲôĳ佫Ϊɢʽִ£ģǸ峤ǿߡǵҲõͥϿɣʸλ
ʸһͥĴ¡
˵峤ͥеĴ󳼡
˵˵Ҷڴŵο
һɫɨеĸǿߣѯʵ
ڣ峤໥ţƺ˭ûдȿڡ
ŵϢΪֹͥȻ֪֪ܲʱ仹ֻǣ׵Ķ̫죬쵽յϢʱ׵żѾʼ䶨ɸˡ
ɼȶʵ
׵ţҲ֪׵ʵѾǿʲô̶ȡһԾʮ֧ţչֳκ嶼һ޴塣
»Ӧôӳ飬׵ʮȽɳΪݣȫǼԦɳǶУκʱ򣬶տأһأͿԳΪһӣڻҰ֮Уںȴ԰γ֮ʵ̫ҪҳѣѾŵ£κ±롣ҿڲ˹ڵбҪչóףĺܶණ׳ͥ
һ峤˵һ˿
׵ɳǳӲͷռƳǶ飬ԴӴ׿ûɳǱƵʷ
ǰڵƽԭкܳһξ룬ҲЩɳǶѡ
ǿͥʵ̣ɶ塣
ڴУǿҲ׷׿Ӧͣ׿ս˭ױ̬Ȼϣĵһ˿־塣


1026 Ѫ
ţѾŭܱ岿䣬ݿɿϢЩѾʼ׼ҪԴɳǷ𹥻ŭĸ岿䣬ɲʲôǵģҪԸɼ鷳ƺ⣬ʱڣ׺ٴš
߿˵
ҪЩ岿һ㷴ӦûУǾԲŵġ
˸岿һֲ˵ϺݺݵĳһǶ⣬ҪûзǲĶˡںܶಿУ滹ǺҪġ
ǿҲǵͷʾͬ
ʱ˭׵Ĳ㵽ⳡսУͥոսͬǰٷϴˣҪϵĽ׶ΣַضҪȷǴǿ߻ͥеĸԭÿ춼Ҫȷ¸ֹƶȡڲûгϣûоȥκεĴ¡
Ÿǿ߷׷ױ̬󣬱Ҳûж˵
Уͬǿҵļɵ֮ģħսĿùսǿ󣬾Ȼһͽһ콾ɱʵǿᵽʲôزΪֹ޷̽ǳֻоɲ⣬֮ΪУȻҪ˼С
սϵŮƺ͸صס
ؼɵĻŮҪ˵еļɵԶԶȲŮǲӰʵȻ˱һֻΣΪֹʱʱԺи֡
ŮڣҪԴףҪϸ˼һ¡
ˣ׵ʱһߣӭȢ峤ߺ󡣲֪λԸ汾ǰȥӭסһתһ⣬˵
ʲôӭȢߺ󣿡
еĸǿ׷¶֮ɫȻǰ˵ߺп֮ģôû뵽ֱӭ׵ĵز
ߺʲôߺһָǿߣ˵Ѫʮ⣬ߺеΪĴڣƺɯѪƺĳλͨߵѪߺһ֧ңߺޣڸУǼΪ
֪ǿĽֻû˭Ҹ֮ж
ڵ򣬲鲼綾һʿ޷˵㿿Ҳ޷Ӵߺ󣬾˵ߺûкøСúܶ׷߶ڶ顣
û뵽Ȼ
Ҫϸٿһ£ߺһ֧ƽԭϣνͥߺͬûпӦֻǰȥӭףߺҲδػӦ
߳˵
дһ˿СģϾɲ˵һã˵ŭ
ӦҲôӦӦҲҪӦ֮ͥҪӭȢκŮӶʸͥȱһλߺʸҲ𲻴ӦֻҪҪĽ
һĨǿơ
ɲʲô̸˵ģҲܶԷԸԸ⣬Ҫģӣ磬ǿΪ֮ͥڵǿߣ˵ĻǲΥߺߺҡ
뿴ֻ̣Ҫ
ǿΪŮˣֻǿߵѫ¡
ͥȻη塣
УŲݷԵơ
Ҫߺ󲻴Ӧô졣
ǿ߿ѯʵ
ɱҪӦ֧岿䣬ͨͨҪϵ˵ߺĴҪġ
УһĬȻ
ɲʲôò£˭ȥ
ߺ󲻴ӦͽĲ䣬˺ߺҪץˣͥЩֵô죬϶ʲôùӳԣ˵Ҫ˶ãͻᱻһһ㡣ֳֺõ飬ĸԸȥûӡ
˭ԸǰȥΪߺӭסֻҪǰȥԿѪأң߽Ѫص
ٴ׳һ仰
ʲôѪء
иǿһж¶һǿҵĿȫԱġ
Ѫʲô
һ
ǱһڿͥǰѾӵе챦ѪУܽѪɣΪһɹɾѪˮЩѪˮѪԣֻҪѪԡݣͿѪڵѪܲһǿĽ
Ѫɱ䡣
Ѫ˵ʲôǾĸѪԽǿ֮ͬУȻҪ󲿷ͬ࣬ǶͬײһѹɱʱܴѪƷѹ֮
û˭ֿѪɱı޶ԡ
Ƕԣɣǲɿܵջ
ѪƿڱУײῪֻ¹ʱŻῪϾһΣɵĶʮ־޴ġ
ԸΪǰӭȢߺ󡣡
ҰҲԸǰ
ҹͷҲԸǰ

֮ǰĳĬȻ෴ڴУһǿ߷׷վ˳ʾԸǰʲôвѪõĸҪ
ԴˣҲ⡣
ͥ޷뼯ȨʹѾһΪĿʼ
󣬱ҲڴӦѡλͬʱȷǲһ֧ǿĴǰӭףʮ֮࣬ʣ⼸ͬǰȥһ㣬ӴľӣǸһ͵Ĳ䶼ʲô⡣ȻѾƣҲҪĿġ
ΪˣϧѪɺӡ

ʱһΣ֪УȻȻĹȥ
УصɳҲ׷׿ʼת
Կƾѡγ˲ŷ׷ױǲȥЩڿƾٿռһڣǿܵ˲ţֱӱΪһ֮
ʣͬһ졣
ڴУһĪĻԵ컯ƽʱԲһԾͳΪһ֮ĺ¡ǻõʱչֳܣλĻᡣ
˲ţȱ˲ţЩʹͨƾٵ˲ŷ׷׵õá
һ֮ǾƷҵλ
˵ȥ֪ҪĽ
ȻĽҲǺóܵģ½ɳǣȫǰٷϴˣһжҪ¿ʼȻܵʱּ
֮жܱ߲Ӱ졣
ܴڻҰе彨Ĵկڵõ׵ɳѾܱ󣬶ʱûоۼصܵĳһɳǻ۹ȥԥļɳǣףǼǻΪһЩկеգĽ
ԭȵľ۾ӵأС
ǰҹеΪҰ;ָ·
̶̼ʱ䣬ЩȫµɳУѾֱֵһʼﵽʮϡģѾﵽʮУ׵˿ڶڿӡ
ͬʱɳǿʼתͽ˵ҲѾÿ춼дͽͨµɳ֮ڣɳǽ֮ʱ̣Ҳ׻ȡô׬ȡҡܱ߸ȫµĵ̽Ĺоһοġ
ģõĺôġ


1027 
ֳ޿ܵ飬Ȼúܶͽ֮͡ҪǿҪõƽʱûеĻľõѡ񡣴ͽ˽µɳȻǿԤ顣
ͬʱܶͷİգ׷׽³ǣ̣¥ʲôģռ̻ץסᣬô棬˵ܲ
һԶԡ
ң⼸УоӿʼפɳǣΪرɳǽзػɳǡŲܳнػɳǵΡ
ǵսķ
ÿȥһ죬¿ٵĽƿӰ᲻ȻȻļøӵĸٹ̣Դĵ˾͸ӵŨɫ󶼿ʼ仯øӵ
ÿ춼µı仯
壬ûжɳǷ𹥻ƺڰѾĬϴɳǵĴڣĬδ׵ѾΪʵڻҰУӵеֻһƬĬž
һ죬Ƴǣ֮ڡ
ϣжڣڼ˺Ȼ
ͯվڴ룬˵ϣ׼ĵصѾ̽ˣһСƽԭ֮ϣ⴦ƽԭΪԣ֮Ϊƽԭƽԭеľͨһֽҹ⾣־ںڰУɢâֹâЩһѤλðɫʡô޺һͻᱻˣܼΪµʹࡣʱʮֳĳ̶ֳϣһֺܿµĿ̡
ƽԭѶϢȻѾйΪ˽⣬˲ժһЩҹ⾣ԳԣóĽۡѶϢ鱨൱׼ȷɿ
ľƽԭϵǣһ㣬þƽԭϺԸⶺЩΪǿǴղյˣûֻ³˵ھƽԭУһ꾣ĸֻҪĸûбݻ٣޷Щ
ھƽԭһ̳̳Ϊ忴أǵûа취ֻԶԶϼۣѾȷдձѺͣƽԭиֶޣ࣬Կ϶׼һھƽԭСܻ岿Ĵۼ
ͯʿ˵
⼸УΪ˵õЩ鱨ֵʵ˵ȫչֳǺķѲ֪ٵľܵõЩ鱨
ãֵĺܺáȻֵĹ͡
׵ͷʾ
ݵõ鱨׼ʱžһ֮ڡͯٴ˵
һôǸжʱˡ
ƽ˵
֪ͨȥ׼
ûԥϵĿ

һУȻԿɳУдʿڳǽϣսףڳǽϲѲӣͬʱд˳ųŽֱڳѵսɱ졣Ѳӵľӣرãƽʱûʲô
ɳĻҰУУ֪Ŷ˫۾ĬĬĿ̽
ûиоʲôԾġϸɳеûм٣ûӡ
ûУһֱųǽͳľӣԭȣûӼ٣ģ鱨һ֧Ǵеţʮ
ûоͺãпסЩɳǣɳеľӣֻҪκζҪ㱨ڿ׼Ĺؼʱ̣巢֣Ҫǰȥƻ׼޷ɾˡ
˵ҲǣǽϵĻڡӦò⡣
ͳĶԻ
ʮ΢治
ȻļֶΡ׼忴ʮҪԲκαʣǶסľӣǾ֮أֻҪûгֱʣǾͲ˭ǰȥҡ׼Ȼ帶ۣɳǣҲһҪ
ʵЩĿǰЩͷ仯
һδѲӻ£˵ЩڳеĽʿȻǲûмŵĽʿǰ滻УľȻϢ뿪ɳǣһ㶼ûע⾯ΪĴɳС
һɳУɳУһδλ£ϢɵУʮ֧ѾȫȻۼƳǵľӪ֮ڡ
ϣѾȫϡ
ҵ˵
ھӪڣһ֧֧ľŰȻ
϶ɢɱ֮֮ǰսУմȾѪ
ܺã
лּ䣬޴ĿռȻȻĳǰ
ǧͬʱ
ûгɣЩʿ׷˳ſռſ̤˽ȥ
һ򡭡
Ľʿ룬ռţûκλҡ
оţԷгһЩÿһ󣬶һʿһ࣬һ٣ÿ˵ĿⶼϣĿУһֿ뾴Ŀ⣬ͷ·ǿеԼĿеo
ȥһ£ԥ
˿̣ϸһѪ֮
ٶȣȻҪռţҲǼӶѡ
֪УѾȫ̤ռš
Щ˺ʣȻǱڡ
бڣҪʹټ򵥲ر޷죬ܹ̽顣Ϣ䣬ͿԽ͵ָ
ûԥȫ󣬿ռٴδ򿪡
һΣȴ̤˽ȥҵڼ˸һ롣
ռŴͱȻҪ࣬ңࡣ
˳ͯṩĵͼ򣬿ռŲڻҰһδ˸ƾտԽգۼ䣬ͳڴ׶߽硣
ƽԭڶλá
ңԵɳǲԶ
֪Уֻһ޴ƽԭǰ
ƽԭϣȻԿ׳ľ̾ƽԭϣЩϷŹ⣬һһģө棬ʮء
ھ뾣ƽԭһصɽУϢģһռȻ򿪡
򿪵ͬʱӰƾճ֡
ϣɽֵҵΪصĵص㣬뾣ƽԭԶܱһֱֵڿأκ׿ͯŵ˵
ĵص㡣
пһܣܱ̽ߵԵͷȷʵΡ
䣡
ռУһʿٴ̤˳
ʱһͬûκεĻңһ
ʱѾɽᡣ
Ҫ˶Ĵһ֣϶ᱻʱδһսȫ˵©
ƳĿã˵
ϣĩа취ô֡
ݼ̹ͻȻ˵
Ŷʲô취
кѯʵ
Աھ¡ǧ򻯣йĪ֮ܡĩʩչнʿμֻҪ֣Ӵǰ߹κκۼ
ݼ̹ŵ˵
ټУҿ˵սսɱһȻ֮ҵӲǲбҪͨ۱顣


1028 
Ӱټҿɲ˵˵ѣÿһҶж֮ҵĺȻǹལһϺаħС˵ҿԽ棬ԸΪãС˵ңһ֮硣īҷǹ֮ӵأν׾١
Ϊɱһİټѧ˵Ȼ֮ǾǱ飬Զط۱飬ٱϣһϣ˵ǱҵĶϡУ̣ǱҵĸǱʿѿٳϡ
ǴС
ǡǡݼ̹ڲѧӵбҴСҲӵбϵĿ֮
ϣ۱飬ԱʩչͨȻҪ۱ͨ۱鲢ô׵飬ҪһαݣݹУɹһ޷ڱгɹʩչԼҪﵽııǱȻ޷ΣͨҲ޴˵
˭ԣܲ۱飬γɱͨȫڱϵʡڱ޶۵ˣֻսçûа취ͳһûı츳бãǾǴġУн춼Ǽңط
ײȱ٣ؾУŽ⣬еııԣ˵ӦоУһʼʶռ£Ȼǹ±Ҳ걾
ҵˣѾޱҹٱϣѾ۳顣ñͨ
Դˣ֪ġ
ѧù۾ӰټҵĴУڲؾͬһݡַĹ
Ȼǿ󣬲Ϊ磬ֻ¶һˣΪ̡ڵסμͷҡҡͷ
ҪΧǰ׼徫ȻҪռλãڰнƽԭڣʵ־ͽָλáҪμ϶Ҫɢݼ̹ǿҲܷĶദ
ģĩڶѾ۱飬Ҷӵбͨƴȫʩչ£Զʱμ
ҵʮų׷׿˵
ΪһľųȻӹţĿùٷչ˲Ų£ÿһжһεѹѹǼץÿһУƴʵǾˣһ졣˼ٶȻ졣
дԴΪһǧͬʱ׷׽벻ѧУȡҴУڿٳϣܵ˭ھж
Ϊӵܺ󣬼ǿ̿ģ飬Ⱥ󶼿ʼбݣգͨݣ޵ıͨһͨÿһųӵСͬʩչ
ܺãڵδҶӦúڸԴԼľǰָλãѶһҽɱһɶƬײ
жȻ˵
ǣĩ
ݼ̹ͬĴӦ
λҪһ֣ձЩˣܲȣҪΪƷŶ޶ԡ
пã˵
ʴȣԵΪ
Цҡҡеȣ˵
ȻջѡЩգգΣûа취ǰ¾ΪƷȥ׼
ҪʱֵԮ֡
׵ͷ
ţ󣡣
ݼ̹ǰʮѾǰͬʱǰ̤һ
ˢ
Ŵݼ̹ǰâһȻ䣬ԿһѪǰѪУĸܵһŨѪϢ·ɱ֮ɱ֮־ˣڿĵһۣͻоʹɱ־֮ˡ
渡ֳ׭飡
鷭ʱܿһҳҳܿҳϣȻܿһƪƪ֣ͬʱܿҳ·һĻϣһ֧֧໥ɭϣıʤ
ܿĻͻ֣ᷢȻһƪƪǡ
Уһƪǣشʱ뽪ͺȶƣѽض뿪彫δĵؽлԵоڵо޽䱸£ָӴ͵Ϯ˳¹ݡ
ִǼ¼ҳ֮ϡ
ϵĻǽЩʵĻÿƺñøӵ죬ڤڤлĳصӳ֡

ݼ̹зһϺȡ
ʱһƥϯŸǹȥգۼ䣬ɽУУʮôʧǿģͬʱҲ޷̽飬ͫҲһǱ֮УһͨʧЧ
һʵߵʿԸսΪսϵѪɷѪͨ޷ʩչͬһջѡ
ı飬ı̺򡣡
ҹȻݺսϵİټ֮һɱһս֮ϣ˿ֻһôȻϢĳҪֵλãĶ⣬ûɱռݾԵơ
ǿ
ҲǰԵͷڲϸ̽£ѲŵĴڣʩչȫǿԿ̽ͬǳصġֿ̽첻ܵѪɱӰ졣

ݼ̹һϺȡּ䣬Ѿȥ
ǿ󣬲ͬСһʩչķѵԪˣͼΪ֧Ų˶ãΨһİ취ֻҩˡ
ŲֱӴɽȥ̤ռţεĿռŽֱӴ͵ָλá׼ңСֻҪִĿ޷̽鵽ֺ
ͬɽȵΡ
ֵѰҵɽȣ걻һ֣ѿɽеΣԣŻᱻֵѡСҪȻҲ޷ȫΡ
ſٽռţգۼ䣬ʧ

漴ҵ˷׷׿ʼʩչͨ
һ֧֧š
ңڸǺ󣬿ٽռţٴͨռǰָ
ʱѾȫʧ
ߣҲȥƽԭЩ嵽Ҫʲôħܡ
ƽ˵
ǰ̤ռС
ڼ˶һۣ׷׸ȥ
ˢ
ϢƽԭԵУӰƾճ֣ңڳֵͬʱȻȻ䲻ֶΡ
Щ岿䣬ǴҪҴɳǡ
Щ壬
ĿɨӾƽԭƳ϶¶һַŭ䡣
˭ǰľ󣬶޷޶ԡ
ܿӡеģǴ塣


1029 
ʲô嶼У徫սʿھƽԭϣЩսʿѺһաޣǲ׽ŴĶڴնһ·
ߣҪĥĥ䣬ȵĿĵأԺܳ׽ˡ±Ͷ̥ˡ
ǣԺͶħ塣ʱ֪岻һȺС󣬸ûа취ȣǾҲ
ߣٿһ㡣
žžž
ֻһսʿųޣͣĳһϳȥܿЩ˵ϣãңѾ鲼˺ۣĿģƼݣңü䣬ľھƽԭʱܵľ塣
ҹ⾣̺Ķԣˣͻҵʹ
ڣܶǱˣûзĲҽУ¶ʹ̵ı顣ʲôţĴʹ޷оƺѾľȫϣ϶Ѿľ鶼ѾľˣǺο塣
ʹʲôеĸ֪·ԵѾƵ͡
Щͬǰûӵľľ˲ԽãеѪͱĥĸأ˵ʬⶼûκ
ʵ̫ˡ
ھƽԭߡ
;Уһ·İ߰Ѫ
壬ܿץɱĴޣ飬ʤʮֵĿֲ磬ʮ׳ľ޴򼣬ʰ쵵ĶߡָĶݣʮˡ
Щ棬ƳȻһǿҵķŭ
Щա
Ĳ˵л
û˭Щľı޶ԡ
Щ壬ǸЩ岿еգֻԶԶʮϰٱ
ԣֻ屾øǿ󣬲ܳ׶žֲٷѣҪǷܹܵŭ𡣡
ص˵
Щ⣬ҪӸԴϽнģġ
գӸ߿ոӣЩн·ߣ׵ľͷھƽԭϵһ̳ټ
һͨڵļ̳
ɫ̳䣬Ծһѹ·һ޷ܵħ
̳ɸߣռݵзԲɴСŴصͼ֯һԵ쳣ءһڵķģ˸Źâ϶ء֯һܿƺһƪصļģַ·һֻֻصĹƳ档ЩƳַ·𽻴۳һصĹϴڡ
̳ڵϣ͸سںһ𣬲ɷָԷ롣
˿̣ڼ̳ܣܿдսʿͬʱнŴգЩһ̳Ŀ⣬ɢһ־η֮ɫɫ䣬˿£»̳ð֮ġ
Ĺ֪κμ̳κεðÿһ̳һ޷Ĵܡ
վλã̳вԶ
ң˿̣һΪ岻ͬǿߣڼ̳ΧһȦЩȻЩǿߣ峤
УȻԿĳ̾档һڵĳۣ£ƺɢһֱţоȻһֻˮڱУѪҺѪҺǴӤͯȡѪҺһվһԿԴԴ͹գһƷűеѪ
Ǿ㴼ƣ˳ˡ
壬ҷĳ뿴ľȥҷĳ̵ѡ񣬾ԲֻߣѪ
ĳ
ɫ䣬ڰЪգȫһָ߸ϣңǿһ㡣һĿ⡣ͿԼԭȻһˣһʷ
ϣһλǷĳ̣鱨ķĳѾԼһ֧Ѫ岿䣬ֱӽתѪ壬УѪūȵѪҺӤͯѪҺ˵ֻͯӤѪҺζġֵҪɱֻǣ˼ʮֽթľۼģ޴̽飬ںҹУû׷μ
ͯʿŷĳ̣һ۾ͽϳһǿǺ޵ֵͽ俰ɱϵͷֻǣĳ̶İΣʮָߣҪҵټʮѣÿζȥٵġ޷׷Ѱ
ԭҲ֪̣ϣĳ̵׼ΪֵĹѫ
бɨһ۷ĳ̣Į˵
˼飬ѾûбҪٻϡ
ǣϷģӲˣӲͷ­ؽΪֵĹѫ֮һͯһĨ⣬Ȼ˵УһŨɱ⡣
ʵϣֵͶԷĳֻ̳֣ĳ̵ıʵ̫ǿֱӻ˲ɢֻҪһֻһΣʩչֶΣеȫɱȴû÷ĳ䡣
ɼһıǱ̬һ˷ָĵز
ͯû˵ЩȻõҪģ
ĳ̣
ʱȻԿ̳ϣһɫ˸
տʼһ޴Ҿץһ޴ʬڼ̳ϡ
ʬ壬һӵʬ壬Ǻļ׿ǣ˸һ˿˿ڵĹâܿ׿Ǳ;ǿķһԴƼ׿Ƿġĳ壬ʮֿ¡׳档Էơ׼䣬Ǻɱġ
ʬ壬ȱȽǣǳӣиָޣ;޴ģʮ׸ߣһȻ
ˢˢˢ
һ߾ʬԴԴϵĳźɫ̳˹ȥһȥͱ̳渡ֳĺɫû·ûгֹһ
̳󣬿ɲжʬ壬ֻҪӽȥͻᱻ˽ȥתۼʧʮֹ죬·ڼ̳һصĺɫУ޵׶ļƷô˽ȥ׼
սʿԴԴϵͶżƷңͶŵļƷԽ࣬ܿڼ̳ϷĺڹԽԽŨӿֳĺɫԽԽ࣬ԽԽӴ
йϵļ֮Ӽ̳ϴݳ
һֹصϢȻȻĳɢϴ
뿪ʼˣ׼ȽЩ޶׼ȻգҪյɼƷлǺõ
һ˵
Ŀɫ̳ϣŴӼ̳ϴݳļ֮Ҳɰһ˿ŭ𡣲ȴû´
Ȼ׼޶ǾȲżǽЩ޸׼˵


1030 
֮ƺһħʲôħ񣬹ƣѵһλԹƳħ񲻳ɣ˭
Ƴ΢ü˵
ӹϵļ̳֮ƺڼһλħشڡ
ƣɲʲôö
һͬء
ƶտʷģ䣬ûжǲ֪ģںʱһ£Ǿ׹֮ùƶ¡
Ǻλڷһ¼ة๫֮ӹﾴ˸淢Ϊ׹ƶۣʯͨ飬ظعʯ֮ӳƽ۳購׹ưÿ̺ʹ󳼰վ֮ºָ˷˶
̫϶ûݺ̫ӣ밸˵¹ĵ̫ӣ̫ӿ־壬ɱ䣬ѹܣʺӷ̫ɱϺǧ̫ԩѹĽ壬ġ޽˼ӹ̫ӱ˼̨֮־˼¼ǣߴʮˣʷ׹֮
ƶ֮ġ
ǷңƶҲ漰ʮˡҲˣ֪ƶңڹƶϽ֡׼֮ڣһ֣ǾĴ˭ܹƶı⣬ڶ֪
置֮ڣƶ֮ӵʢСָĹƳ棬ӵеøǧٹ֣֪֮ɫ䡣
磬ƣһϱƣһ뿪¹֮ˡһӶҪԷһģͻĵĿʹиָĹƳ棬ǧٹ֣¹ƵķʽȫַͬĹʦй˶֪ôеġ
һڣƹ֮Ҫ룬ϼѡ
Ҫһħļ̳ǻõķ˵ǹƳ档
ЩǴǴʩչƶȻ˼ȫǱǴȥġڼƽĿ̳˵
˭֪õʲôƳ棬һĳִȾǿģɢǿĹƳأɵƻô£˿Ԥ⡣βûзֵĻ˵ĻԴصĿºǲĲ롣
Щ壬Ҵ֮Ĳ
Ц˵
û֣ĿãһٽļƷ̳ңżƷӣ̳еļ֮ԽԽŨ֪Уƽԭס
붾￪ʼ׼ʱ
ãʼɣ
ڿһֱ֣˵
ǡϡ
ûгɣв֪ʲôʱóһӣβȣԴԺ󣬿ȣеȾͻˣڿȥȻõһѰŽȣȻЩϰߣܣǰɲ׵ʲôȡоЩŤ
ˢ
ŰŽȳžƽԭҡŻ˹ȥ
漴Ϳһɴ糱ˮƾմð˳һ֣ͷɿ˷Ѹӣӵٶʵ̫죬쵽Ӧǳˮһ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿɢס򡣺ܶӦͱ֡
ҪȫɢǵƽԭȻЩѡ
õϡ
һʼֻ۳ʱƣΪ۳Ĵǵ㣬ڴﵽһ̶Ⱥ۳ĴܾиֿµڶԣγɵУһϢ»õͬʱڱߵøǿ
֣һ֮
ĿãЦ˵һ䡣
ţеһӡ
أ
һɹɴ׵Ĵٳ·˹ȥ磬ңȴƬӵٶȣȻ伤ٶȿ쵽˾ȣǲ˼顣
գۼ䣬ѾǴƽԭ̳ڵλãڵһʱ䱻ǡ
η磬ˡôʱ򡣡
ھƽԭϵ忴ͻȻ֣Ϸ׷¶֮ɫ̧ۿգ֪УѾϣֻǣʱƺЩͬѰоЩ֡
ԾʱЩԣ죬סЩū
ĳĿãüͷʱڵߵʵ̫ǿˣоܵ谭ֲĴʱִڼʱ粻ƫƫʱ
³ĳͺ仰
䣬ֵܸ߾裬κζɱȽߵūɱˡ룬ͣ
ʳħǿЦ˵
ڼ̳ܣڵת޷
ǲֹͣģһֹͣǾ͵ڴεļɣǼ̳ͻͳʱ򣬵õĿ϶޷Ʒ
ū׼
ħҲ˵
ֽ̽ˡ
ʱҲ˵
ȻԿվһߵģֵֽ̽ľͯеĶǿߡ
Ϸģһ׵
ֽ̽¶һ˿ǿҵš
йâһȻԿһֻعӵϻӳǰ
꣡
ϻȻ򿪣ţͿֽ˼ֽԴԴϵĴϻпٷɳٶȼ졣Ʈգۼ䣬û뵽С
ڴ£Щֽһ㶼ۣƮƮģңֳһֽ͸ɫǽǰϸ۲죬ѷһֽˡ
ңһ£Щֽ˿ĿģʵȴȻȻĳһǰϢϣڣʧָоͺǻӰһûʲô
һ

գۼǼʮϰ
ֽ̽εֽǷ㹻
пֽ̽ѯʵ
дأǹϵӪȵĳɰܣǷҪ־ж٣ֽ̽˵ֱӵϵ
ǴǴʩչʱѾûд㽫ЩȥֻҪռסηӦʱ䣬յĲ
ҪȣͬʱЩһҪɱΨһ⣬νյ˼ٵۣͣСֽ̽ʺϵġ
Ϸ½ؾʱ䣬ѾʱУüֽˣƽʱϵĻۣѾﵽӦ㹻գȻҪٲĻҲûа취ˡѾļޡ
ֽ̽˵
˵ţָǰıϻĸα
ǬֽϻԴŸļֽάַе״̬ңüֽǬֽ˾ǿڷΣյһ˲䣬˺ֱתƵֽϣǬֽ˻ɢһӵֽ˵˽뵽ʱǬռ֮ڡֽղάʱ䲻һﵽʱޣʱռͻűе漴֡


1031 Χ
ʱޣΪıģǰܳʱʮֶݣֽ̽ΪѾøǿ֮Ӿˣ۳ͼǬֽͼʮֹǿ󣬲òüֽ˵ٶȸ죬ңֽ̺졣
ʱ
ڶԣǬֽһγɵǬռ䣬Գķ֮һʱҲǣСʱʱ䣬СʱʱУǬռУǲᱻսҲЩСռӰ죬ƻ
գֻҪʱһǬռб˶ų֡
Ǭռ䡣˵ǼΪĲ˼顣
ڻûб¶£һչ¶ʣ⽫һԵƵɱﵣŤתǬһơ
ֽϢڡ
ã䣬ʲô
öĽ⣬⵽ô£ϮеϮ
屾ͼΪľ裬ڼ룬ңǸͬʱϽУ˭ܾԵΣԣܣͱмľ֮ġֵĲͬѰŴ磬Ȼڶ̶ʱڣѸپ͸סƽԭ˭Ѳģ衣
ǬֽȻᣬǼΪأ޷ȫΣϢǱ
ֽ̽ɲֻǻǬֽˣͷųǬֽ˺ͬԿһűüֽһУŴ磬ٳžƽԭȥ
Щֽʵðֽüսģͨ˶ԣЩֻֽһŰѣͲκɱ˵˵áڴ˿̣ڴУ˲仯ΪһĽ⡣˲ɰֽΪ䴩ռٶȿ쵽˿־塣
·ֽндԾƾմһһңֽֽ͸һ㣬׾ٵŤͬ߰ڰߣĪ⣬Էǲ˼飬˾
ۣ
Ǭֽһ̳ױչ¶ķâ׷״иȥǶҪܿУһѪⲻţ·һ貵Ѫɫ̻һ㡣
еϮ
СĴн⣬̺ǿһСľͻ
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ĳĿã̲סһЦ
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ɴСǴ׵ʵ
֣Ⲣʲô̫顣
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û뵽һ֣͸˴һݺ
սʿֻвʮ֮࣬棬Ǭֽɵģͬ˴˼Լɱɵġ
УеϮɣͬҹеըӪɱ˲࣬ԼɱȴࡣҪǼʱɢֻ£һɵ
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ǬֽΪƣһֶΣеվͲٳΪɱתһơ
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ʳħǿ߷һЦһսָߵһȺū
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ֻھƽԭ棬Ȼ֧ƾճؼ䣬Ŀ壬ʣҡֱָǰ塣
ɱɱɱ
ʮʿͬʱһϺɽϯ
ȸڴˣ嵱
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˲Ϣ䣬Ϳʮ֧˲ھƽԭ׽ƽԭȫΧڣĻУѾǰΧˮйͨ
һףȻʮͬʱ鱨ӦЩɳأȴ˲»ǲСȻ
ʳħǿ۾ŭų˷Χסƽԭʮţ̲סƿڴ
ףѵĲںЩյô
ħǿͫһܣеѹȻ
ûõģ׵ľһڹ֮УǲΪʣҪЮֱӳֻɱЩգ׵ľӣһȺѪĹ֡Ϊʣûáں
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ԾȸɱͽĻ棬Уνǿӡ̵ӡ󣬶ңУûκһ֧ŻΪΪʣǰţˣ˲ǰٱѪծѪֲΪвѾΪµһִͳһѪһĹء
УˣսУͬˡ
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һλᣬһôشĴûᡣѵãѵô׵ĴȫڻҰУξ֪ڻҰУ壬ʼնߡʼն
ĳЦ
⾣ƽԭϿǻŴ岿侫ǿߣΪ׼ǿǶô֮࣬ѾǧĿ


1032 ҹĻ
Ҫǹ׵ɳפأʣǷĳ̣ҲԲ˵ռݾԵƣһ㣬һδѪĽѵõľ飬ɳǣùռѪɺӶһܹ֮¡ǻҰǾƽԭܱ󲿷ֵ岿侫
˵󲿷ֵ
ǧδؾûһƴĻᡣ
ǣĳ̺ƴлȥҪǲƴǿ϶ȥĻᶼûСʮ֧ţңǴľţңʩչļıΪ׵ƾŻڸɳפأȴǱƽԭΧɣҪ׽Χˡ
пܻ
ãҵ̫ɳѹҵȸ䣬ƽΧ⾣ƽԭ֮ϣǸûнǷ۵ףΪǸͿԴѹ¾ôҲҪ£ҪҲҪұˡ
ʳħҧгݵķһŭսֳһľݣͺһŵķһ㣬һۣܸоһ˿εĿ־塣
ټףֹСޡ
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ҹЦ˵
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ȫ壬ɱ⡣
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Ŀ꣬ƽԭ壬ɱ⣡ҵݼ̹ȾųһȻ
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ôҡǾͲ±ǧָĭİգȻûκԥնҪɱĽʿȻʯĳѾûһ֮ġȻˣɱЩūȫɱ
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ǿɲţһȺնѣǵ
ǾԲܵ顣
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ɲǰ裬Ӳ˵˵ѣȻܼļ£дսʿĿռ䶼ûУͱɴ⬣ܡ
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дսʿ䡣
ɲǳصġգ֮䣬ھƽԭĵϣͱ鲼ܼʬ壬飬Ŀģֻ½䣬Ѿʮϰ嵱䡣
սϣδģʤ
ڰСʱ֮Уս
пս˵
СʱЩǬռڵʱ䣬һûʱ֮ڽսЩ³ս˵ͻܶˣ䵱ԣΣСʱ֮ڣս
ҹͨҹĻ
ҹУǿ߿ڷȡ
ҹĻ
ûκγɣһϺУȻԿϢڵҹɫԲ˼ٶȸƽԭңⱾǺҹںҹʩչҹĻֱˮ°빦˲ҹɫøʿҹɫУһʵıɴǡ


1033 ڹ
ͲǺǵģÿһڻҰȻǿ֮Ӳ׸ǵֶΣûм򵥹Ӳɵӣɵӻῴ׵ľӣѵأң籩ꡣ
岿սʿȻڶ࣬ǣϣĬϣ޷֮ȣƾƾ֮ƾƾٶ࣬ǴﵽʮǼʮĲ࣬Ǻѿ⡣ΨһȡʤķȻȡʤ
սϣĴ˭ɵӣӲɱȥǷˣܼļ꣬˭־塣
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Ǿѵһ֡ңǱضҪ˵Ĳ֡
ҪսϷӳǿȻǼ򵥵ͿԣҪսͼսͼĻǿİҪûսͼɿսֻǣս˶Ȼǿ󡣿Խʵʮķӳ
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ֻһɫĹųڰУڰڣ֣ϣֳһ˶ġݡ֣ǹУݳޱĵϡ
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˲䣬ͿУһɫŽϵĳ֡ÿһһ˵İĸо޾ա
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תۼ䣬ѾʧܿģֻİԼڰеİš
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սʿǣֱɱУ̤һСתۼ䣬ʧʧսСǲȥУɲǾֹģսͿƶܿһսƶͬʱ֮սʿս
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ĳĿãɫ䣬æſں
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ϧˣɵͬʱȻԿսʿԴԴϵıսУսУһĲҽս󣬾ͷ·µĽһ㣬ĽɱһС

ʳħĿãɫ࣬ڲһĶϺûκγɣйâһȻԿһֻڵĴС
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ںڹڳֺ󣬶ʱշУۿɼٶȷǣգۼ䣬ͱգѹѹĳС
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ҵĺڹҪӳȥֱΣںڹҲҪҲҪˣͱٳ
ʳħЦ˵ڰУ޴ޱȵĺڹһںڹеǿһǴɱײãΪʩչľ޴󣬸ΪԼûа취ȫӳ
ʳħǣһ֧ţʮ徫ʿһˣǾʲôֵˡ
ʳħЦͽڵĶĳźڹйעȥ
䣡
Ŵ߶ʱͿںڹ棬һڵĻƾð˳ڹ⣬ڹڣһðڵĻ棬ڹױһƬ𺣡
ʳħսʿٴ˷ĿĽעںڹУҪŷ֧ħųˣճɻҽ
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һֹĻ棬Ϊڹ棬ֻ棬ͺǺڹһһϣҪѣǾϼѣµǣ治˸оȣǱ䣬һ棬ϣѪȫҪ⣬ԽԽ䣬ȴǾȫڻлΪУ顣


1034 ĵ
ңڹʮֵĳأϣʱƣܵѹԽԽ󣬾ͷ·ϲϱһɽһڿںڹ޷ѣ޷Խѹ壬־ᱻѹڹͷա
ǿд߶ڹʳħɫһƬ԰ףĵĲڵĶڵǱȼԪΪһԽһ֧žڹС
źڹеħţʳħʣЩֵۣõġ
ǻš˺ڹһӶȥڹһӵġ
죬ͽЩһˣʮҪˣʳħؽ£嶼ûа취飬ǿ
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ʳħںڹǰ
ڹɼΪ޴ΧһʳħĽڵעڹУ߶ڹҪħųɱ׻
䣬¶ڷ½йŹ֣ûа취ôԽԽ䣬ڵ¶ȶЩսȥ
ǰڲţУϺ˳صĸأԪڸš
ս󣬶սķԣǿޱȣǴɱ󣬶ڷϲûʲôǿ֮ںڹУӴĺɫ͸оı仯
ң̧ۿͷ
ܿģһƬڵĺĻ
·Ѿȫںڰ֮Уϱһε֣£Ҫ죬ΪѡʣǱںڹ֮С
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һԪŷϣЩûб˴˳ͻһޱȺгĸоʮǢ䣬ںһ𡣶˿̣ŷɵۿɼٶȷ
ÿ䶼ڱǡʮɣʮɣϰɣɵľ˸߶ȡ
˲Ϣ䣬ͻΪһصľˣսףͬ񽫡һìС˫Ŀŭǿìͷ·һ񣬴ſ񱩡ɰì˵ŷɵıԽ½󣬾ͳΪһ챦ȻȻĳΪɳɱ䡣
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ŷɸڲϷΰÿһ䣬ƺк糱ˮˢһħǿѪɷ⻷ƣſڷһϺȡ·һںڹ𣬲ϻص
һϺȣֻеɰìѾաƺҪͷĺڹռ䵱鶴
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ںڹϿգֳһƬڵŤ棬ì£ĿһȦȦڵϱãƺڹռ䶼Ҫһìơ
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ʳħѾأϢԶ֮ǰҪĶࡣ£Ҫɱİڰ˳ϡǸߡ
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һУڹը죬һھ޴ìӺڹжգƺڹȻ䣬Ϳɾ޴ӰӺڹּ̤䣬޴ìսɨ

һҽУֻì֮ģڵһʱͷĲҽУըѣһѪ
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ҾΪޡ
ޱɨܣϵϢʮֱ壬£һɹҽϷضڻеػӵӿ
һ̣ȻԿоȻ֪ʱһųɫľᣬῴĳֲ֪Ƥɣ涼֯ճĳɫģáĪ⡣ƺܿĻھзпµĻ˻
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Ҿ˵ʵһ̣ȻյĵƣɱﵣǿԿ϶žзӡͨԷͬСɣȻܹıսֵǿơһ߶ɵƻ֪
һ챦ᣬӦһԵͨᡣľᣬȻ¡
ڼҲɫأھϣûкϢɢͬ챦Ϣңһ챦ģһǼΪǿ챦
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ֻǣһ̣ҪֹȻܣž˲䱻߶Ϊһź⣬ͳ𣬳С׵ģڰǣɫҹգȻȼɫ⣬ҹձȼ


1035 
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ǾᵽʲôͨƾȻǿ󣬸ǵ򣬼ǽƽԭװڣһƽԭܻԵĴ
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ܶǿĿãɫ䣬ǳ⣬ʡ
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Щ޷ԻκӰ졣
ͻȻ֮䣬һǿҵΣȻսĵף·з廹壬ˡսȻΪ֮һ׷̧ͷա
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Ƭ嫵ĻУĻһȻ£ÿһöֱʮ״ǵصĴܼ񣬸סƽԭȫڹ֮£޿ɶ㣡
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ĻͨǴ㽫ƽԭһһô
Ҫˣûг۾ϣѡˣǷˣûеʱ̣ôߵһ
ǿĿãˡ
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Ǿ޴ĻĶˡ
ÿһö̺ͼǿߣк󣬶˲ɱǻ棬ǷһС
Ļ򻹲һöö
ܶսʿǾĿյĻ
ػ
ǿ߲ģͷŭǣ֮Ѹγһ֣ΪݡػңȫƴĽעȥһ㱣ûУ㾡һнз
磡
аҹۼһѸʩչͨʱܵҹ⾣ۿɼٶӣ֯һ𣬸ǴƬ򣬴Ƭռ䡣Ϊǽ֯ɻ֣ҹЩ˸ҹ⡣΢֮İڶȴԶķ
ǣ
ʩչһֶνз
ͬʱŸǵһʱӦ
һ׷׽ɢ
콫۱󣡣λʿ
һϺУоͬʱʼս󡣰ڷ˵˿ֲĻ𹥻£ѵֵ󣬾Ψһ·
ھʱ䣬һδսĥ³Ĭнʿûκγɣ׷ת콫۱һעÿ֧ŵľųڡ
˲Ϣ䣬Ϳսϣʮ޴ĸ񽫡̧ۿգһööĻ
䣡
ҵıըУǻȻ䣬һıըȻ𣬷Բ׵ķΧ֮ھһƬ𺣣񱩵˳ܷӿɢҵľ磬սʿ־ҵĳ֮Ҳɢ׷ɣûܵʲô˺Ӵĳʼ޷⣬ֻǳನģͿսʿҵķѡգޡ
ȵĻȼգ棬ɢȵͮͮĻ΢֮ҡҷΧӳһƬ죬Ƭҹ⾣³ȼգշ֮£ƽԭ׻ΪһƬ𺣡
ҲҲң
ͼǿֻҪ汻ײǵ䣬Ƶ
ûǿĹ֮»˿Ļ󡣾Բһܹݵġ
Ҿ˻ǹݡ
ͯǳ鴤һ
ֻذĻ棬˭Ŀ£Բܺݣ˵һԵľѾǶ⣬սΪһƬ𺣡
ΪҪҴ׽ʿͬھʯ٣ϧһҪǷʹۡҾ˵Էͬһ㡣ɳȻһµĴС
ڼһȻ˵
Ҿ̺ǿв
ģ˭߲ˡ
ƽ˵
ǵصĻȴо⻹ǿʱ̣ⲻǸոտʼ̺ͨпҾԼǺΪһԵģ˭֪Ρ֪
ǣڳֵֻ𣬻µûг֡
һ֣ƻȻ֮ϡ
עڸ֮ϡ
콫۱£۳һ콫ս壬Ҫ콫սԴﵽʲô̶ȡ
ն
׹䣬Ȼ䣬һȴֻڱУѾµѾһնȥͷХľ޴նȥ
ٶ֮죬޷
޴ĵ⣬ء
ɫĵһ޴趯֮նҪڵ³׷ֿһ˫޶ԣڹصУݳһµĵ⡣
꣡
صײһ˲䣬ֲĺȴһ˿ֶûУ޴Ļͱص룬˲ɢƿնȥߡ
еĽʿûܵ
ɱүүһ
ҧ𷢳𣬾޴ս·Žһööͬʱڸ̺ǽƬ˷ȥҴϣһҽб
ʮʿ۳콫ս弸ӵлذΰƺླҪɱ֪жôǿ
ʩչֶΣϽһööնƱ顣
꣡
¡¡
ʱյĻƺ׵ѿȻ䣬ԿУһöö޴ǴЩǣСģǧ״Сľ͸ӿֲͨڳҵĻУ񷣬һѤĹ켣


1036 ʯ
ֲֲ
ʯǣֱǻһ㣬ǻƻͼǿߵĻླҪشʯǣǻʮٱҪ£ĴɱԵĴ
µɱС
˾Ĺ
ֱӴ޾ǣʯ
ЩʯȻܼɸǵɾ޴ͬǽƽԭһ𸲸ǡ
һײԺɣƽԭݡ뵽ޱߵĻУһС
ɷĹĿЩǣһɫ䣬ĸܵдݳǿѹǹѹǿ飬˵
Щʯ̺ѾǵĳܷΧ
أҪذЩǲϧһУΪ˻ɱǴ׽ʿĴҪʯ١ĹһѣһҪ
ɫ䣬զ
ͬھ巢ǲܲˣΪĿģֱǲϧһУǸٴĴҲҪô׸ʹֻۡ˵Ƿӡ̫
ҪҲҪһоһȵļֵôҪɱôΪʲôԼҪȥ
սʿĿ¶ķź
û˭Ըȥһ˿ĻᣬԸȥϣ
ô죬Щʯδܵס
ͯɫ䣬˵
ȵȵ˵
һƽ˵û֡
ЩʯǺܿ£̺ǿĻ֮Ҫŵʵ콫۱󾿾жǿȻҪֵסȻ֡
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˵䣬еʯѾ£ͷա
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ŷɷһϺȣеɰì߰㻮գһϯʯǺȥһìƺ춼Ҫͱƣ񷶼Ҫ
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Ȼˣſڼ䣬һѪ
ۣ
ŷһѪħţʮʿͬʱһѪսȻȫϣһشͬ˳սϵ˺ֱӷ̯нʿϣɣñƣڷ̯£пֻнʿ֮ġ
ʮͬʱѪʣҪȫ̯Ļһ¾ش
Կطˡ
ʯ̺̫Ե콫۱Ҳûа취ֵ֮׷شѪ
ͬʱʯֱսʿ۵
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彫ͨĺʯϣ޷赲ʯ׹䣬׾ͱ飬ھԵǰʲôͨ޷ֵ
һ޴ĺУʯصڵϣ浱ҳ޴ӣսʿײһ˲䣬ͱҳ࣬˲ճɻҽޡ
ܶսʿҽ͵䡣ҶûС
޴ĳǽܵսʿ·ƲһƷɳȥĵǴĿġ
ϣˣʯ£нʿشǵ䡣ĻǸĴ۾̫ˡ
ڼһ
ȷʵóˡ
׵ͷ
ʵ֤ŵʵȷʵûа취ֵ˿ֲʯ
ƣ
ûгɣһ䡣ʱͿǰâһȻ䣬һ
սìսɽӡ
һеĿϳ֣ڳֺ󣬺ԥЩ׹ʯȥÿһ񣬿ǣڰлһ⡣
ֱײʯ֮ϡ
ϸȥͭɫսìһɶһеľì⣬ʯϣ֮ǰŷģȫͬɵõĽȴȫͬ
սìʯײ£һ޷ΰսìбʯ·ܵػ׹̬һ죬ţʯըķѣսìӲ顣·ʯǴһսìȣȫ·硣
սì뿪ײһʯ׷顣޷⡣̺·ŸԵĲࡣ
ʯȻǿ󣬿ϧЩ̺һ֮ȣɣС׼ף޷֮벻鶼ѡ
к⡣
սìսУ̺һСǧ֮Ȼʯܱ⡣ݻ٣ȻȻ顣
䣡
һУһʯϱ飬лʯȫ׾ŵʯʯûֹʯս
սʿ䣬ʤʬ鲼ƽԭ
ôһ챦ôܵסʯླǿ߶Ҫҳˣôʯ顣
Ŀãǵɴ۾ȫǰһС
Ҫģʯ׺ɱΪҽĻ棬ɲǰ龰徹Ȼʯ飬Ƕôµʵôֲ
ֻҪһ뵽޸оӿֳһǿҵĺɺ֮ڡ
飡
ȻûиĻᣬһʯϣҵķѣҽڻ
öЩʯȷʵǳƬȻûǺˣ̺ǿνǳľʣͬǴ󲹣ҵڿռٴδ
пûзŹЩʯ
ЩǳƬ̺Ӵḻʣڿռԣһ൱ӴĲƷֻҪȻڿռּرԴ
֪УУƿʼɢ
ڻɢͬʱϵĻʯҲɢ
ȻƽԭѾΪ𺣣ǻ棬ϣ鲼һ߾ɲʬ
ңǲҲ̶á
ǧʬ
кܶʬлΪҽ
Σ졣
ɵƻ̫ˡ
Ĳ˵ƽԭϵҹ⾣ѾһաΪС
սϣɻŵ壬ָ
εǣǻԵġȫûκأѡ񣬺Ȼʯ١
ˢ
ڴ˿ֻ̣ƽԭе̳·ܵŨѪ̳ϣʢ


1037 ħ
֮ԴԴϵĴӼ̳д·Զţ̫ţ޷ʱȴֺ嫺ָоͬһħиܵԷǿΰηһֲɿܵͷ
̳ͻȻ䷢ı仯սΪ֮һࡣ
һ˫˫۾ٿ̳
ֻ̳ųĺڹۿɼٶɢ
֮ʬƾʧֱӳڼ̳ϣû뵽̳еǵУо޵׶Щʬж٣ͨͨɽȥж٣̶٣ǰ޽ɡϵѪҺһա
жʬ壬ǿǧʬ
Щ壬ǾÿһΪٶ񺣾ﵽϾΣѪӴ̺ȻͬСɡЩʬȫǼƷڼ̳ԣֱһηʢĴͣʢ硣
̳꣬ǶҪɣ궼Ź
е£ȴĿ̳սϵʬ꣬ԴԴϵľ̳СȻھȥ󣬻ǱɣһȴӼ̳зɳûգʧĳصΰ¡
صĹ
ľһ顣
ܶʿʱǿԴı𣬻ɢȴƻ˺ɢˣȻͶ뵽ֻ֮Уתֻأٳ顣ֻǣΪԵʣתֻص飬ȫµ꣬˼ĲΣΪܣҲӵǰǰ䡣ȫµͺ֮ʼһ˵ꡣ
ΨһΪǸ
ܵޣܲ顣һ飬ӵ˵ʸ񡣷򣬶Ǿлˮ¡ˮһնѡ
ɻǣ˺ĹأԹǱ
Ǵ֮ͨ䣬ͬˣ˵Ҫ飬Ҳô򵥵ģҪսֻص
ԣǼ̳֮ҲֱðأŭֻصΣգȡȡ顣鱻ֻ֮ȥٴνֻأµĻǡ
ǵĺôֱ޷
һʢ磬ľʢ硣
һ㣬Լ̳ϸֳԽԽ߿ļܸ֮ܵõ
̫ˣҪˣֻҪɼ룬ͿԸܵõҪôӴļ룬õķȻ춯أ޽С
ĳ֮ǰһֱվڼ̳Աߡ
ǵҲ޷Լ̳ˣ˵̳򣬲ǣֻҪͻȻȻı̳ɽȥɼƷ׼ˡ
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ĳڼ̳ߣǰȥɱ
ͯһĨɫȻ˵
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ƽ˵
ͬʱԿռŲϳھƽԭܣѸײڶ֮ƣֱӽһʯƬսУΪۣͬʯ̺ʱģԺϸĴֽ⣬㡣Ҫ֪ʯУ̺༫Ϊıпϡ
ƽʱҪȡʯɲһ׵¡ڱǸǣȻһѵõĴջ
һʯߡ
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ͬʱһ޷ĸоϯһ˿Ȼ
Ӱĳ֣̳еļ֮ǰδеŨ쳹ƽԭƽԭУ˲֪ӣֱġ
Ǹƽԭϵĺɫۿɼٶȳż̳ȥʡεļѾʼβ
̫ˣΰħҪ
ĳ̲̿סϲͿں
룡
³һһּ䳯ŷĳڵλĳһơ
һĳʱͿУһöɫӡƾճ֡ӡУһ嫵Ľأɢѹһеϡ
ͨӡ
һɲǼ䣬ӡͱüΪ޴󣬳ڷĳͷ̳Ϲâ£Ȼܱߵıֱɢĳ̸ǵһʱܱܵߵĿռдݳѹѹѹ˵ĻᶼûС
ӡУԻ
ˢ
ǿҵв£ĳ붼룬ȻըΪڵѪȳ˷ݷɳȥȻҪƴӾӳһƴһ
ֻҪһֻǾͿٴθ
Ǳһǿơ

Ȼһ̣ǰĵƣƺȫãЩȥһ£˲ײһεϱϡǱݼͣһЩ𵱳ͱײķѡ
ӡ£ձҪƿռ䣬ɣһ飬пӡǿʵֻܹԹԳӡĹˡ
Ҳİ
зĲҽ
飡
һ£ӡʵʵڵϣ棬𵱳ͱӡ࣬Ҷʣ£һֻûѡ
Qٻ죬һӡ
ӭϣ޽
ҵĿã׷׹ݼſźﻹ᲻֪Գ֡
ཫʿĺУеȻȻĴ֡
һ̤̳ǰ
ʿ񡣡
ƽ˵
лϡ
׷״Ӧ
˿̣нʿҲ׷׽Ŀ⿴̳ʡѾɣֻҪ˵󣬱ȻԴеõ޷ķ
εļƷʵ̫Ӵ̫ʢˡû˭ܹ㵽׼ܻöôӴĺô
ȻʱҪؿǡһ֮䣬пܻõȫͬıؼǣܲܶԴײ档ܻܲĺô
֪ʲôõĽ顣
пߵļڼѯʵ
ѡ˵Դײ޷Ӱ졣ԣҲòأصĿ
ħķкܴǹƳ棬ȻҲ϶ԹƳΪΪ˵ؼ̫̫ĹƳ棬ܶƳ涼ǳԡ˵һֹƳΪǻ۹ƣֻҪںϣͿǻۣ˼ɣǼƹˣǶڸֹսܾһĹƣ϶ܵõڴףؽмĺô
ڼ΢˵
Ƴ˵£ʵ򣬹Ƴ沢ȫǶкܶĹƳ档


1038 
ЩĹƳ棬һֻһ챦Ǽֵߣ޼֮磬гƣ˵ƣԪ಻Ʋ棬죬֮κ챦Ҫĸ
ǴҪʲô˵Դμеõ
Ҳ׵ͷʾͬ
ֻǣҪ˵ȱģȱĶ٣Ҳ࣬Ҫ˵ȱҲԣٷϴˣʲôҪ
ȻҲԼĿǡ
ĻȻȱ챦ʲôģٲ̫࣬챦ٶԣУƳǣͼںϣټԸ죬ȣҲѷɫֺΨһȱٵģһԴģġǿġ
аԳ
ȻƳʮ⣬Խһɱɵǣͼںϣӵ̥ټԸ죬ƳɱһʮɳǡΪԸԵʣƳҪԸ⣬ʱնУεض̾С
û̫
Ը̩ɽͬëʮֵ⡣
ȱģɳǶԣͺȱҪһ㡣תһеġ
Ҳǹ׳أ׳һΪ֮һ׳е֮ˮ̺֮νǶκм档ڳΪĵͬʱ塣
˼κջǷ
ƳΪǣΪȻҪǿ׳ΪĵĻҪϻ֮ÿ춼Щʱͻᱻ׳ǣȥˣϿմףô£ǵġ
ԣ׳ؾͱˡ
Щ꣬һֱ취Ѱһʵġ
һӵģʣƳǶøӵ졣
룬ڼҲ޷ʲô̫Ľ飬ϾڹƳԣǿɶʲôм֣֪ʵڲ࣬˽ⲻ£Ҫеó飬൱ѵ顣
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ǵɫеӰҲǰһ࣬ǿߣ뱣еľηоηвǰǿ
УǵӰ·ܿУĿ϶һ
ţһѶϢȻȻĳԺС
Ȼ
õѶϢ˽⵽еĺҲɵ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ѶϢУȻǹڼġ
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һ㣬һĪĻԵ
ֻ׼ﵽһ̶ȣܻȡʸ
ѡʸûУɼ̳
ɣһĪĻԵԼѡȣȻȫͬĸܹȫԵѡ
һûԥٽż̳Ͷȥ
£ʱһĻ嵥бٳԺС棬Ȼֱ嵥һۿȥ飬Ŀã̲סһ˿𺳡
ӣĹƳǰǣƳζĳԺС
ָĹƳ棬ȫ߸ǰԹƳĿ
икܶĹƳ档
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ңƲͨľƣһƣھ̺ģзþƳڣԪøӾдĹЧȻΣҪԹ֪
ôкܶࡣȫȥöѡ
һ㣬вİ
ǰĹżУͶԾƳйءһƪҰʷ
˵ڻĹŴɽϣÿãһ͡Ķ򣻶ҺΪҲһɮ֮ν켲ԣޡɮԻ񣿡Ի֮Ի˾ƳҲȻҽơԻ׶ʣҩԲ롣иԣ㣻ȥװһʱʣ˼Ϊǣϳ㣬಻бֱС⸿֮ⳤ䶯㣬ϤлԽ𣬲ܣ档ʣãԻ˾֮ˮ֮ɼ𡣡ʹ֮Ȼ
ڹʦУһơ
¹ƣƣչƣйơЩƳ澹ȻܹԳϵȷҩѷɫǲ˼顣
濴ĹƳ档
ЩƳʮأǧ磬Ӳ֮ƻˣӵɵ˵ǧٹ֣ӦоУãͬĿ֮£ҲɵİԾ̾
о۽硣
Ȼ滹жơ
磬ƣֱתԱбŮŮУֱ׾١ңȱһͻߵڴ󲿷ʿԣ൱ײеһֹƳ档ӲҪ˵֮ĸֲ档һմȾȻòңȾԼǿЩƳ棬ܿڷܡѸɢ
˷ʤ˲ģߡƻ֮ǿһָ
ƣʱƣһӵУʱ䳤ΣŤתȥδٴΪؼ䶥֮һ
ʱеעһֻϡ
ƿͺһֻȴڣ粻ڡһʮֹ״̬Сڵģƺʱ䳤С
±ǨӰ죬ʱ䳤мȡʱ֮
ùƣȻһƣӵУ˵ӵһεĻᡣȻпܵΪֹƶãһãǾǱסһǸĻᡣ졣
аԵһ
ȥǶô顣ȫӵжδǰհԣӦԷܵջĺô
ͺñԼĺôʱֻǰȴ׸ıδʣļֵ޷Ĺ̡
һεĻᡣ
Ǻҩ
ҩǴ޽ɶУⴺȴӵУ֪Ƕô
ƣȻҪһڹ׵ܻȡۣʵ̫󡣡
пյļ۸Ҳǰҡҡͷ۸̫ˡûа취ļ۸
ݼ̳ļ㣬ӵеļΪڡһֻƾõһڣʵ̫ݳޡ


1039 ֮
ֵֵãǣĴ׶ԣҪġǴпܴһĻᣬּʣʵ̫ãˡпܻ֣пܲᣬ˾ˣŷƵļʣּʣʮ֮һǶˡ
ȥʮ֮һδЩ̫Ϸ
ȻҪΣʱ̣СļҲҪһġ
ҪȻҪĳ̶ֳϾһĻᡣһκҩһĿܡûʲôܹȵٻһΡһ㣬бκ˶ĸ
ȿ˵
ûм˹ȥ
ҲԾܶƳ涼ʮֹĴڡ
磬ɻ棬ֹƳ棬һڣ꣬ܵʹ࣬ɻ൱ײеһֹƳ档
Уճ棬ںϺ󣬿òʼձںʱ״̬ղϡ
ù˳棬ĹƳ档
ͻȻ䣬ɫһ䡣оһǡ
һڵĹƳǰ
һƣΪù˳棬˼壬ֹƳһմȾͻù˲ϣˣԴԴϵıù˳ɣתùˣǺȿˮܽҭ·ᱻˮһᱻңҲѲˡԲⶫп׹ֻ֮ù˳Ҳֻءƹ֮ײޱȡ
һù˳סǺʣһ±ӣ군ˡ
Ķһᱻ䳹װܻˡܵԹƻƼת֮顣ԣù˳һֱ֣٣±մȾ
õֻù˳棬ʣȻôܵ޷ƻ
ֻù˳ҪļȻҲҪһڣ֪봺Ƶļ۸ͬģƷҲȻͬģӵеͬСɡ
棬һԻò֮ӵж֫ǵѪֹƳ滹Ǳľѵơ
һֹƳҲɵİ𺳡ǰ޷󣬹Ƴ滹ӵ˶ܾ࣬˶಻˼
Ȼûйȴúҹ磬ܵĵ棬ֵ棬һֻڷڣͬ㣬ޱȣңͣۡ˯棬˵ǿ˯棬Ǵɶ뵽˯Сһ˯ҪԵ˵ĻʣǾңǱ˯С
ĹƳʵ̫ˡ
ȫ߸жڹƵĿͬһһͨ۷Ĵ
ȻܳΪĶ󣬶Ų˼ΰĴڣǲ˵롣
аԸп
ЩƳѾܹõħĵжôǿҪֳ֪ʲôľ仯
ûоʹ˽ѡ񡣶ǿٵ嵥ϼ
嵥ֻǹƳ֮ģͬи챦챦֮ġֻǣȹƳ˵ȽٶѡֻԶԣκʿУг嵥һ˷ָľ̫ˣൽĿɿڴĵز
ܶп˶оҪˮռΪеĴڡ
磬һ챦Ϊʺšʺſɲֻɫǲʺһ㣬ֳ߲֮ɫңв˼ܹ֮ʺſԽصĽޣʿͶŵƶλá˵һռ䴫ȿռѷɫ
ңʺžƽ֮Ҳ˵ֱƿڣ磬ؼؾؾ޷УؾȻŶصĹҪĳܽ롣ɲʺŲͬʺſֱƿݣؾС
ȻʺŲûȱ㡣ʺŴʱҪޱӴάһӣҪǾ˵ģʿܴ߶ģô˵ɣһླǿߣҪǴ߶ʺŵĻʮάֲסͻᱻ;ƿݣһա
ҪǼΪѡңƷ׵ĻӾ޴
ϾһԴʮϰĿ벻ѡ
ѶϢʺһɳ£ֱӿԽصľ룬һԽһ򡣲Ҫͨţܴءֱޱȡ
ö챦ܵõ뵽ƳУȻԳΪһѹ˵ңҪļ㲢ࡣӦûжʿܹõԵʡ
пʺţаĶ
עţҪļ㲻ֻ࣬Ҫǧ㡣ϾҪɳͬô׵顣
һʺűõ֡ڴ׵δžصĵλаǧ㲻ȫֵ˵һսԵ챦
ף֮Ȼ챦
ʱٴβ̽Уһ챦ǰ
һڹžһڿʮֹϵĹžڹžͨɢһֻɵĻ֮ɫھУȴһ̵ľˮ˲ԾһĽ֮ɫ
֮ڵõѶϢУ֪֮һڲ˼챦ӵ޷޾УԻ֮УԲ֮ػֹ̣ԴԴϡ
˵ںʱһΪ˹ֻһ鱻ޱߺΧľ޴½ءķࡣ಻ͬƬ棬ӵȻڰ½һƬĺƬΪ֮ħȻԴȪޱߺڰмȡͬʱ֮ԴԴϵͷΪɫɫṩӪ
˵֮ĺڡ
ȴ֮һֹЧѡ
֮ںϽƳǣΪɳǺģΪת֮أȻƳ̤ĽޣӴˣֲһ̰֮ң֮˵ںϲʺţĴһ𣬷ӳ˼
Ժпһͷ
ʣһλᡣ
֮תָΪ֮Ĵ߶κ챦֮ܽӳǿսʣʺƳǵһ챦
ȻҪһһİ󡣡
аȻ
֮һİҪĶһ۸ﵽһڵ㡣
εļֻڣ˵٣ĺöô٣̫ˣǲðЩƶͣ޲ȫӵС
ڣбǹ֮ˣҲʲôûмˡ£Ѿ
ƣʺţ֮
һ䣬ѾѡеĸƷٳż̳дݹȥ
治ѡеıһЩΪصƣЩƳõĺãȻôײ棬õĺô
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·ǵõдݹȥѶϢ̳Ӱƺһۡ漴Ϳǵбø䣬һ˸


1040 
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һ˸Ȼ䣬ͿӺɫ⣬ڼ̳ϣһŹֵĺɫı֣ʮֹŹ֣Ƴ棬ˣڣ˯֮УңֻҪѣƺԳ˯ܳʱ䡣
ʱ䣬Ժ
öҲǴ񡣡
Ŀãаһ˿ϲûκγɣּ䣬ͽбȫǧ׼Ǽϴޣջȡı˵Ȼ󵽼¡ҲòءҪʲôʧ޶
֮챦һħжûҵУֻǣʱûȡɴˣҲ֪֮֮
С֮ܲʵ㿰һָΪ֮ǰļƷһССϣҹƵУܹ󡣡
ͻȻ䣬ΪѾ׽УȻԺһأ·ǼʱմݵԺеġ

ܵĿ̳ǵӰȻ֪⻰һֱܵĸӦ
漴Ϳڼ̳ϣâһǰ
Ҳ档
УϸȥһҲɵһء
Ȼǹƾ
ǵģ̳Ȼǹƾһı
ֱǡƾƳӼǡħ泲
ȻǹƳĴ֮Ƴ棬ƳΪйƳ֮֮ƵķšȻصĹƳֻһЩͨĹƳ֮Щƣûأֻ΢һѡ
йڹƳӼǴ˵˵ȫһ澭ŹƳĴ˵һͼšǾǳ泲ͼһۣʹƳӱʹ׾ٵķӳǿΰ˵ıƾ澭ȫԿٳһ
Ȼ棬󲿷ֶǻҪģκζĹǴӻӱûлȻ̸ϸӸķšֻҪоž޵ʿȻԴֶܳĹս
˵˵һִУԹ޵ĴС
ȻĴжħԣµһӣܷܲѿǾȫ컯Ե
ԴˣȻȻܡƳ֮һּΪĴУĲ˵ܵõݴУ˵֮УԵǿĹʦƳֹƳ棬ĳԣ׶һּ档һ죬Եڴ׵Ĺʦ
Щ󣬿Կڼ̳ϸֳĺڹȻȻɢ
ɫļ̳»ָ͸һֲ
ƽԭҲһ̣뵽žС
ʬҰľûг֡
еʬȫ̳ΪƷ
ھƽԭϻڵģǾһǻŵ
ˢ
ʱУͻȻһһ
Կһ½Ӱг֣ûκףԵ쳣졣Ȼ֮ǰǬֽ˾Ǭռе
Щϵľɼ
еձģ̬ΪпϣŻо
գǶֶѣڷⷬѣڿϽˣҪָҪһʱ̡
ĿЩľϣҲһ˿ݣǺܶձÿοоһʹġ
ǰֻ˵屾ľ档ΨһģǾܵĽȸգܵıǿܵӰܱߡ
Ҳͷͬ
Ҳֻܱ߿Ӱ쵽ԮӰ죬ǣԶĻЩԹ˼ˡ
˵˲Ϊ嵱ǿΨǿǿӦеϡ
ڼ˵
嵱ǿǴһֱ顣
ǿ
λգΪ֮С֮ǰôܾˣҷģѾװȫˣҲúЩʲô˺ǽҴ׵İաҴ׵ҴУú壬Ҫӵɱս壬κҪ
ľųоߵıǻһˣǾͽеľȫһߣǿԽ֮ǰһֳ裬ȻѩܣҪƾԼʵ裬ǵģǿƾԼʵֻǿߡ
пǰľһһ䣬Ȼ˵
һһ䣬·һǼش㣬Щеļ顣
仰һ¾ͷޡ
ʹУľ񣬾ɫʼ飬Ͽʼָɢһǰûеģǰǣû
ȴ·»ٴλ
̫ˣڵþˣĵþˣΪһӶٻص磬û뵽һ졣ֱ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ǵþˣĻˣԺҲú»ᱻ嵱ѪʳԵҲú˯ȥҲѲˣոΪҪˣͱ׼ɼƷˡ
̫ˣҲԸ忹⣬壬ɱ壬岻κԺһҪǿøǿ󡣽ҲҪɱ塣
ˣǲõɼƷ׼ˣǰǴǰģڵóԸˡȵ޳ǿߣһҪѪծҪѩܡ
պޡ
һĻ˿һݣһĬƳҲǰҡҡͷĻ棬Ѿ̫ˡ
ֻǣÿһο̲סп
ҪΪǿ壬ضԶ
ϣЩ»ҪȻÿɳǶȱ˿ڣÿɳгפάڰҾͿԣգҪɳУøɳȱ˿ڵľõơһжմ׵³̽а
л˵
ס
Ƴ׵ͷ˵
ҲСĿҪһɳУǼǣʣǴйȵȣһСսҪķѲСľ
νǧ徫Ǻܶ岿ĸ߲ǿ߶ɱܱڣʵȻش£ҴŵĽ򣬶øӰȫεʤӵսԵ塣
ڼЦ˵
ȶľ˵ӡ
սʣһӴѾ뵽ƺ֮СƺΪ֮ǡ
ٳһͿʼʳֻǵʳ˳չֳ˳һ˵


ʮ ӫ֮


1041 ֮ĸ
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ǵģѾﵽ۷壬ֻһֱŽٳ뷨οǰԣ˭ûʳԶԶȣһǾ׵ĸֻҪ˻Լǧ꣬ټ򵥲顣
ֻǣҪʳҪ飬Ҫǿ̡ˣ׼׵
˿̣ƺѾô׵ˣ͵һʮ־˵ĵز
Ը⣬ʱԽʳǡ
Ȼ֮µɳǻҪȹ̣ѪҲҪٴţµĽڡѹˡҪɸգµڣկȵȣҪϸǾܣǱĬĽ֮׵ϵ֮ڡ
Ҫ黹̫̫ࡣ
Ȼθǧ徫񣬿˵ܱһӸ롣ܱɳǶøӰȫȶ٣׳ɳǣǲҪҪֱ
һսȫ󲿷ɨΪ׵ȶ𵽼á
λʿǻؼҡ
пսϣоžˣɫ԰ײ٣ңв̶ͬȵƣʯײ˺Ȼôɵġʯ»ңûֱʯľǶ־һĥ£ǵĴ
ֻҪָЩʿǵΪսõɱ䣬ǣΪǿߵĻ
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ʿ׷̤ռţƽԭѾûʲôֵöĶ̳׼֮󣬼̳ҲϢʧٴγֵĻ϶ھƽԭǻκνжпܡȫ漴ǿħ־
Ƭ̼䣬ƽԭѾױһƬžֻصĽڣʯҳľ޴ӡֳһƬѹķ滭档
٣ڶʱڣǲҲ̶á
׽Զ´ţȻὫ뷶Χʱٽֲ
һ۾ƽԭĲ˵ڽ϶һɳǽѹʱЩ棬ҪٴֲεˡȻȻصΰҲʱ£»ָҹ⾣𣬶ûа취𣬾ĸû
ֻҪĸû䣬ƽԭ³ҹ⾣ټ򵥲顣
Ҫ˶ãֻ鲼
ֻǣл֮ҪҲһ׵顣

ھƽԭսոսʱ˿̣߹ǰȴһ
߹ͬǰһ㣬һŹֵ֡˵ȫ߹ȻıɡǿҵĶԣżǿĴЧ߹֮Уͱռݣڵϵ£ǿϵֶѨ鲼߹ȡ
ֻҪԸ⣬ʱԳκ
ûѧӰ죬ڣȫռݣĸͰһ㣬Ҫ߹ȣҪ弸ǲܵ顣
ңζͼǿ߽룬һܵӰ졣
һ֧֪Ѿ߹⡣
֧ϸȥƿǼΪ
Уоţͷսʿ徫һ𣬻бǿ߰屾ǿ󣬶ңѪ綨λ׵λкɣͭɣɣԼһеߣƽɡѪ
γģֻһ֧СӣʮλһΪͳ죬ǰɣһɫëʮֵ̲סһ˿֮ɫ
ɵ־ͽɴ󣬱ڱһУҲǾʮǿսͬУ֮ƥеģ˵֮٣ΪӭףԣŻͬʱЯļױЩױļֵ൱ˡ
ӭףģԱһĵ̣ҪóļױȻǼΪɵ顣
εӣƽԭϵ岿ϣΪϸֱ֮Ϊϸϣ䱾һɫŮϸޱȣϸΣ߶䣬γɵĲˣԿ᲻һֿڸһƬȵĳ嶯
ԱߣһͷͷˣªдһֹŹֵĸоͷУһȣϴųۣʲܱߵսʿȥ϶һ𾴾ηĿ⡣
һ
еĿܿĳλͷݵλͬСɣҪȻܵõ˴ӡ
󳦣һңͨеڣΪͼսϣһͼ˵һսʤܡ
ܸ֪ӭ׵Ӵﵽʲô̶ȣǴ㣬һ޷ͨʽĿĵĻֱӲøӼҵֶΡ
Ϊ˴ﵽĿģϧһֶΡ
ϸϣ߹ˣ֪ô죬ܲ˵ߺ󣬻ҪԳϾ֮Ҳͬ壬˵ĻӦûһЩã󣬻ǲҪϾߺпܾδͥ󣬵ǿ˭кӹ
һǿһ˵
򲻵ѣ˭
Ӹ־ٶжܿóߺӣǷͬСɡֻҪͥ϶λȨأӰ޴󣬲ǶԸ˭ǶǷַӵ顣
߹ȣ˲ûʲô⣬ߺһ˵ڵѪΪͨѪӵĳλǿߵѪпɯѪ
ϸɫص˵
˲֪᲻ôɯ˵Ǵ˵е֮ĸ¼䣬󲿷嶼ڣ٣ѪһɯѪǼгΪ֮ĸĻᡣѪУ;жѹ֮
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ϸҡҡͷ˵
漴Ҳûгɣתͳ߹̤˽ȥ
ζʱһ˿˿ȻȻڣֻǣֶԣƺû̫ã棬ɫ硣
ܣܿһӤͯɽд󣬶ϰΪˣ°ΪߣΪӴдڴ֮ټԱаƽʱضԽнϣȻͳ
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ո̤߹ʱͿһսʿǰصĿⲻƵĿϸϡ
ͬ塣
ϸ¹âһȻβֳݡ
ͬΣûߺ߹֮У˭׼
Ȼ˵
ߺһС
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1042 Ӳʩ
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һսʿһϸϣһӦ漴תɽȥ
ϸϿɫûʲô벻ҲûиоʲôͷɽɨһĺҲ¶һĨ͡
Щδ
˷ĵĸоһϣΡ
߹еֻ²ܼĺһɳңʵϾεսʿռݴǼΪǿľ񡣡
ϸԳ
߹ȵʵһĲ²⡣ңԴҲе⣬ߺľɯѪǾ֮ĸκ֮ĸܣܼӿɳӵ°빦áѪеӰ죬˵ǰ߹ȡ˲Уǿһ֧
ңʱƣԽԽǿ
߹ڣ룬һĵĵϣȻͽһƬݣȻϢܶһƬ֡УһŮţܽн䱸
˿̵ߺ󣬺Ȼһ޳ϡͨɢһ޷Ȼ̬˵ˡ
һŮ첽˽
ߺԣ˵ߺͬǿߵ˵ҪУ߹棬ִĴѾ߹ȳΧڡݳ˵滹˱ɣһɡֻ߲ơ
䣬Ѿٽ̽鵽鱨˵
ʣ߹飬ڵһʱѾ̽ҲЩΪʲôԲɵοʡ
ͬã߹档û뵽ô졣ЩȲˡ
ߺһĨ䣬֮ǰѾԤϵôһ죬ֻû뵽һ쾹Ȼô졣
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ߺ΢󿪿˵
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漴תȥ
ʱѾҵϸң˹һ·ĵ
ߺʱϸҲɵİһ˿̾һλߺòʣѹֻñǣƣϧһеҪõȻľɫˣ亱ϵǹɸ߹ʣȫѪġ
ߺǺ峤ϣϸԽϸϡ
ϸһ߾̾һ߿˵
ߺ󣬱ܵĸܵһεѹѪݶѹӿ϶ߺڵѪȷʵ൱ˣƷ׼ߡ
УҲɴһ˿𾴡
ϸϣ֪ǰұ󣬵ʲô顣ԿϲĨǡߺƽ˵ǲϣʲô˵
ʵΪߺ׵ġ
ϸҲûֱӿ˵
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Ǳ¡ϸ׵ͷͥΪ֮ͥңлһֱߺ㣬ܽɷޣȻǽԴϲԵ¶ߺϲͥУȻԴﵽһ֮֮ϣȨա
ϸϿ˵ͬҲ۲Ŵ֮ˣܱͥڣΨĴܿ⡣ΪͥŮˣߺ˵ͬһᣬֻǿߵĸӳԶ
ﻰ⣬Ȱ˵ߺӦ¡
ܣҲӦ˭ޣǾԼ޹ȥߺ˵κȻЩݵλһ㶼û⡣
ϸ΢΢ü
˵ʵڣݵλı仯ĻǾԲԥʲôҲȲϳΪͥŮĸҪ
ĺô
Ҫ¸Ƹ񡣡
ϸҲû⣬Ҫô˵ǾͲҪǰȻֶΣݵλ⣬ʵʵء
յǵרΪ׼ĵҩߺղϣഺڡ
յչΪҩܽزݣ񼡹Ϊҩں˲ΣѩҩԶطƶɣݣϵĸְ̺۵Чú󣬿һ겻䣬ʼݹƷס׵ҩƷȻǺܸߣɶŮ˵ʣһԿܵǿջ
ߺƤ΢΢˶գκŮԶѿܡҲûж顣㶫ܶҡ
½𵤣ǿǿĶⵤҩֵߣʮ󣬶ңһ챦ĵҩκʡ
ϸٴ˵
һչֳ½𵤵ģͼ
ݣϴ껨Ϊҩϸҩƶɣͨѩףҩӡǣ׳꣬ǿǿ޸ˣƷס׵ҩǣⲻƳģ챦ҩڹؼʱ̣ǾǱңǿģһĹ屦
ɲƵҩҲռıΪߺ󣬱Ǵ󷽵Ŀԡ
ϴƷ׸ߴؽףҲǶм档ߺӦŸĺô
ϸٴ˵
չ¶һµıһҩ
ϴʱȡؼƬɳܹĹЧԪϴ飬Ԫо޴ĺôϴˢҵҩϣƳϵȵԪҩƷסؽ׼Ʒ
ߣǶԱĺ
ߺϲûʲôϲԵЩѿ
ѪȷʵɯѪ֮ĸֻǣɯѪߵƿأҪǿ֮߷ڻΪʱ־ŷɢĳ̶ֳϣǷĶã֮ƿأż󣬻УҪѹ߶־Ӱ졣
ǿ꣬ϴĵҩҩĶڱһóʣ֪󣬿ַҪ
ⲻǱµһѡ
ϸ˵л٣Ƕߺõı˵ߺһֱѰңεҲˡ
ٿɲͨƷ䣬ڶ֮أȡ֮飬Ϊϣǧܳ죬ǧ꿪ǧǧ졣ǧܽѹ꣬׳ǿЧĹӣ³죬ҲܼɳʱԽ۵ҩԾԽŨҡ߿ɴǧꡣƷסɽ׼Ʒ
ˣ˵ˣܴʲô󶼲ӦͨͨûȥҪ
ߺһȻ˵
ɫ䣬Ѿһ˿ɫ
ߺ֪߹棬һ֧徫ңаɸҽ߹ȫΧڣֻҪԸ⣬ȫԽ߹ȳ״ݻ١߹еǲֵ֧ܵĹ
ϸϵ漴


1043 Ѷ
Ѿ߹ȵʵ߹ǿҲûа취ֵǰ֧ĹǵֵپãյĽҲᷢı䣬ң߹ȶԿͥʣǼʯͷȫûѡ
ɣӲʩˡĻӲģΪ˴ﵽĿģԥʹãвҲ޹˼ɣߺпܳΪͥҲֻǽȻԱ־ΪĶʱһߡ
вĪΪҾͲô
ߺ¶һĨ⣬Ŀϸϡ
ȻвĻﴥġ
ȻǣⲢвһʵѡߺǻӦûһ㡣
ϸϲû˶η壬ƽ˵Ҫõʮǿңǿ˵ϧһдۣһ㣬ߺӦס
ȷʵʵʵһв
⣬ѾǴһвȵ

ߺĬ
ֻҪӦ˴֮䶼ٶң¸Ƹһ֣ո˵ģֻеһ֣滹и챦ֻҪӦЩͿͽ߹ȣΪղء
ϸٴ˵
ߺĬЩ֪ܲǸǾԲԸ⣬ǲܵ顣
ǰȻϣܵõһֺõĽ򲻵ѣᶯһݣƸ嵥룬㿴֮Ӧûһ
ϸóһᣬߺǰ漴ֱվ죬ߺ㽫ӵĿʱ䣬ǻ߹Ⱥϣʱܵõñ˴˶Ľ
˵꣬΢΢һǶߺѪһء
ϸ뿪ˣ뿪ߺûսʿҲû׵뿪߹ȡ
뿪ӰߺʼĮκα顣
ߺô졣
һŮѯʵɫҲһ˿Ҫ֪ѹ߹κսʿһεļ
߲£챦С
ߺֽ嵥Уַ
棬һ챦ֱӳǰֳ߲֮ɫƬ˸ѤĹâһ£ɵĲϣ˵߲Ƭǿķͨ棬ᱻȻȻɴʣ¶޷ƿ
ɱУ˵һΪĵơ
ǿ󣬱ۼ¾ףŮޣ޷ܵջǣԣŸǿĹЧ߲еĶڣѪɯѪȣѷɫֺΪǿࡣϣѪǱĬĵõɱ䡣
εģȴôΪ֮һֺô
ҪõߺıﶼóƸ񡣡ԱߵŮҲɾ̾
ߺźľˣЩҲû̫ɻ䡣
ߣƸΣϡߺֻɨһ۾ͽĿƿ
ô졣ҪҪʱ߹ȥŮ˵
ܣӲȻǲǾͿ϶ĻᡣߺҡҡͷͥӰǲƽԭϵ˲䣬һܵͥӰ졣ɾ壬ͥȻ˳µĽݵλȫõ¡
ǲܵģҪȻ֮ǰһαʱѾ뿪
ߺ󣬲һ뿪ʵĴǿҲץסֻҪ뿪߹ȣȻҲ
Ů˵
ߺʵߺҪӣĴǲ˵ġֻһߺ뿪߹ȶͥŭ˵߹ȶױʬҰѪɺӡ
ˣߺѾ뿪
£߹ȿɲҪƾܹƵġĽƣ˴Ҳ벻ʹ۾ɱ߹ȡߺƽ˵߹дŽƣǿķ󷨽硣ʵɲ
С̣ȥһ¡
ߺ󿪿˵
ߺԸ
ԱߵŮС̣󣬹Ӧ
ɫû˿Ŀܡ
һţٶǰʲôҪǰףֽ֮С
ߺ΢ջǿ˵һ仰

СɫҲ¶𾪣УȻ֮ܲ׹׿Ƕϣǿƾ٣Ƕսķֱ֮˿ɵ񣬴׵ĽѾһƬ
飬岿д￪û˭ǲ֪ġ
壬Ǵǿһأǲܿģ׵ɳǣǽĽ£ҪǰȥףңֱȥУʣѶȣһĴҪɣǲܵ顣
һ壬ܵȥⲻ
С̲Ǻ¸޷ߺ󽻴
ɳǶȥӲҪ˵ȥѰ
õģֻҪ˵ҵ֣һġߺƽ˵˵ʱԼ͸¶һֱζƺԵЩԡ
ԺкȻֳɽе龰
߹ѾΧҪôܳȥСһ£˵
ģȻа취ȥ
ߺգ˵

˿̣߹棬һΪصλãмӰȻڵ££ڳһĿռ䡣ǰһԲεĹ⾵ڹ⾵Уֳֻ棬ͺĽϵĸֳֻ
ô죬Щôңһеľսʿţͷ˸һĪͥ˴ľӣһֻڵ˴Ƴʱſƽʱǿûôദһ𣬲Ź֡
ǰ̫ͻȻˣЩͥľôͻȻ߹ȸΧΧˮйͨȫɽȵĽĪǴҪ߹֡һӱɾ⵽ô¡
ûͥĴ֡
֪ͨϴôѾܴģϴҪ
ǰϴ֮ǰ߹ȷͬһ㣬ǹţκαʣһʱ㱨ΪСڿץסˡ
ǰûа취μӴս¶Щƣڿ˵Ҳд͡ס߹ȣǿ϶˲õĴ·
ϸȥ۵ĺȻһ
иԭȵʮɷ򳪣档裬㵸⼸һֵеĹǸɾÿһǿԶһĸ֣֮ǰͯͻȻǲǶ߹ȡڿдջ


1044 ں֮
ֵΪʲôҪ߹ȣһ㣬ǶΪʲôֻ֪ͯ´ģң֪ͨʱ൱ӡЩ죬߹˽⡣֪һ֧Ϊǿ岿䡣
ؼǣصе֪߹Ⱦǵѧڵλá
ж
ˣѧҲҲǣѧˣ߹еɻĺúõģǼλѽ⣬ңҲûнЩ忴ͨˡ
ҪȻֵҲǳ
ֱ̫ˡʱһѾ²⵽дʣ˵ᷢ춯ص顣
һȡ
±ֵ֪ͨϴͯʡ
ϵϴ󡣡
ϵ˵
˴ΪʲôҪϢݳȥ
һ䣬ٴ߶ͨѶ
ˢ
ͨѶϹâһȻ䣬һĻǰĻϣֳͯʵӰͨѶȻڴĽУɿͨעԪǿнϵֻҪһѡ
ͨѶֵ̽ڻҰжʱ˵ˮΪķ㡣κϢĴݣÿޱȣֶβ֪˶ٱ
ͻȻϵңĪʲôҪ鱨
ʱһǶߡĴݵԺСƵܿͬĽ̸òڡ
ԴˣҲǼֲˣϰˣңַʽΪϲ

׷Сݼ
ö߹ǲʲôʡϴξвǻ
ͯ۾¶һ˿֮ɫ
ϴش鱨߹ͻȻһ֧ݹ۲죬ӦͥĴбǿߡѾ߹Χǳ϶д޷ʲôڻǺ
˵
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Уһ˿ɵ
ߺ󣿡
¶һ˿졣
ףϴ󡣡
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ô£ߺ϶һˣͯʵ˼Ѿ¶ߺݵء
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˵ֵѾ߹ȵı仯ͯҲڵһʱͳȥ׼ѰС
Ȼ򣬴˿̵ȴС
֮ǰӾƽԭϹҲڻƳ˵Ĵ£ٷһɳ֮ڡԼڵһʱ䷵ƳǡûлأֱӾͽɳڵĺĿռС
֮ѾЩȲҪƳǣɳǵõɱ䡣
Ŀռ󣬵һ۾Ϳ̾еҡǮȻԿҡǮѾﵽһʮֲ˼ĵزϰɸߣң֦Ҷ࣬յĸо
ʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ȫɵڱ

ܿ޴ҡǮϿգһööѩ׵ƾո֣۵ҡǮУҡǮܼİɫҸѩһϣţͿƬɫִϿʼ䡣ҲԴԴϣ಻
ҡǮ£ܿжѻɽҡ飬塣
ҪʿһĻֻ»ᾪȵĵʹȥ
ҡǮ˸ŹâԿÿһöڵķУȻ˸ŰɫɫĹâ
֪У׹ڹ£ͿһööɫԸʹҵķ۳ҲкɫħۡǰɫԸ飬ǺɫԸ顣һۣͽ׳⻪з׵ңһʵĵǮһ
ңҡǮ顣ÿʱỵ̈ϵµ䣬ǻ棬ͺꡣ಻ԴԴϡ
ɫԸֱûʧΪһɳС
˵Ƴǣÿһ춼šţʱ޿̵ġÿ춼еı仯ͨղΪɳǿԴС⣬ȻӣֳģԭȵĴСĴСͱԭ롣
ҡǮѾɳ˵زˣҵͨӣҡǮо޴棬ڰɣԺȫԴﵽǧɣɡΪһϱҡǮԽҴ׾Խǿ
аϲ
ҡǮǴ׵ĸ֮һΪҪĵ̣ûңǷչڵģҪҡǮҿĻչ˼ֹҶΪһӰšڣһޱ
ǮǮս

һζһҡǮ
ʱͿҡǮ۳ĺɫɫԸ飬ѾĹһֱںĿռһѤĺڰꡣ
Ǻɫħ飬ѾǶѻɽ
Щħ鲻ȫң󻯡Ǿ˷ѡаԳ
Ըɳǣħҡļֵ
ˢ
ּ䣬ѻɽħѾȫսУǬ¯ڣҪ˶ãͻȻȻĻΪҡ
ԴӴţգ֮ĻУǺУ׶ҵ˲жгӶࡣڴ׹ٷжû֪жңȫ޷㡣Уû֪ҿ
ɣ֮ɳǡΪɳǺԴ
һҡǮûгɣйâһȻһɫ֮ǰ
һϺȡ֮շֱӳںĿռ룬ȻȻںϽȥںϵһɲǣԿ֮У̵ľˮɢһ޷ѸĿռ䣬ķʽ뵽ƳС
¡¡
ںϵһɲǣаնĸоڽµƳǺ׵ľҲǸоͷ·һ㣬ţͿ嶼ڷ⣬ɢһŨİ⡣
˶ܿµĵ涼ǰɫڳУһصķڱãһɹ·ٴ
Ȼ䣬ͬڷ⡣
ؾͨʺȪȵȣų貵ı⣬Уɳ֮䣬ںһںϡƺѾܲɷ֡
ǹ·õ޾ͨ嶼ڷ⣬ͬʱۿɼٶȱǡ
һɣɣɣ

ٶ̫죬ǻ棬͸˷ܼ˼Ѫ룬Ϸǡ
𣡣
ƳеʮФҲһ̲ų⣬ͬʱ߿˻һû۳ФڣϽǿԷٱǡ


1045 Ԫ
ʮФ񿰳Ƴǿĵ֮һѾ˿̣֮£ʱԿһФȻȻڷ⣬ͨɢǿԣԣ֮Ӱ죬ۿɼٶȲϱ
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һ
֮е֮ƺԴŲ˼Ч
գۼ䣬ͿʮФﵽ
ǵģǰģ
ֱţߣ󣬽ãФ֮Ĵ̼£ɱ䣬ǰģȻȻĳɳ׳󣬵̱ø񣬶ǰӵģֱ֮ǰȣ˵ֱӱ
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ô£ҸоеԪ֮ǰҪŨֱӱУʮФɢ⵽ôˡ
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ӿֳǿҵϲ֮ɫ
סǣͬסʥءУǿҵĹУǿҵԺ
Ȼ֪ô£ףԲǻ¡
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иоһͷ
ͺǳڷȾͻȻִŨȼߵ򣬻ᷢһһΪ΢˷ԪŨĵطԶܷΧһԪͻӵ룬ͺ©ȱڵĵ̰ӡ˲ͻᱻ塣
ܲסУһͻش߻ħ䡣ʲô̫һˣǾǻǸ
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Ѿ֣ܶտʼ㱵ΡΪȻӴŨԪԵʡһ䣬ٿʼ
ĸȫƳ֮ڣÿһ붼ΪһǿļȡһУԴԴϵĳűйעȥһƽл۹ȥ
ˢ
һ̣Կ׵ĿʼǣϷ賤ڹϵֱӷֿϳµڣγµҶң󣬸ӿ㡣
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һ㣬ڸǵķΧΪ㣬ͬһƬƺм䣬ڶγɵķΧһҪС漴εݼѾøߣ״ƶˡ
ǰĵĲ㣬˵㡣Ҳ۷ڣ
еɱ䣬ȫֳһֽģʽÿһ֮䶼໥Ѿﵽɵĸ߶ȡͬһأη
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һ㣬ƳԪͬŨԪʮֻƽеԪ
ڶ㣬ͬԪŨΪʮ
Ϊʮ
ĲΪʮ
㣬ڣ̺ԪŨȣֱӴﵽʮ
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еУЩнһңЩҿɲѵģҪ֧ȻЩأʩй֮һʱ
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ЩйΪδԳǽʿǵһʹ͡
Ȼ֮еԪûܵѹƣĸ֮һ
ŶԪķɺ󣬶ʱƳڣܶ౾о˯ҪȥİҲҡҡԴٻָ
Ԫָˣǿ˵ࡣ
ܶ˶оĶƺøһ㣬ظ
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֮ںϣͺǸƳһĺġ
һɲǼ䣬ɳϡ
һ̣ȫƳǣһǣһ˫ǼЩƳǵĵ̱Զͬס
һаһͷĸ֪Ƴ̺ǿ̡
֮ں£ײȫеĶ̰壬һ˫ɳǡǣʮФͼѾںϽɳСһתøӲ˼顣
ֻҪԸ⣬ƳǿֱӰεضգԶ
֮ѾĳصԴԴϵź
ʺţƳǡ
һ䣬ʺͬһ뵽ƳС
ʱͿƳУһѤĲʺƾճڰգǲʺ磬ͬһĺţ˾ޡ
䣬䲻
һ㣬УҲûио֣ʺȪ;ͬ
֪УƳǶõһɱ䡣Ȼûг׽ȴñĵ̸ۺǰ챦ںϣͬʱƳǵĳ壬øӵļ̣һںϡ

ƺܵƳǵı仯ƺеһ󷭹һ߿Ƴǣǵı仯Ȼм档
ףͯʣĪʲô·
ڰƳǱ仯ʱв̧ۿգͯʳɫһ˿ǣȻҪ棬϶ʲô·
һ䣬ԺĿռȥ
ٴγʱѾص


1046 
ʱͼͯʡ
ϣ߹б䡣
ͯʼкûгɣͿ˵
߹ȣ߹ȳʲôˡ΢΢üѯʵ
߹ȵĶԣ¾ǲֵǰһֱж߹ȣ۲߹ȵĶ򣬲λķһΪŹֵ顣ҵ飬ǰͯʿ˵
ʲôʡѯʵ
鱨߹ͥĴڴУаɡң֧˴Ѿ߹ȰΧڣû֣ƺ滹ʲôǲ֪顣
ͯʿ˵
ͽ߹ȵ˵
ʲôͥĴ߹ȰΧҪʲôûмǴ߹еͬҲȺ֮һ׼ʲô
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Ҳ²ⲻʲô㣬ȻǲΧ߹ȣ־ٶôЩͥոսҪҲûеͬΪһ߹ϣⲻ߼ô붼Щ벻ͨ
ѵ֪ߺ֮飿Ӳܰ飬ֻҺߺ֪Ҳ˵ߺ˵ǾͲе֪Ӳ֪
аԳԺпһͷ
Ĳ²⣬ȴʼն²ⲻΪʲô
߹Ǳʲô
ٴѯʵ
ͥĴû߹ȳ֣ƺڵȴʲôһ֮ڣж֡
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ˣ߹ȻǱȥһΡ
л˵
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ãε鱾ǰȥЩ飬Ǹøһʱ򡣡ҡҡͷһ֧ѣԱǧʱûһ˿η壬ӲҪ˵ڡҪߣڶԣûж
һʵ˵ݺ޵Уȥ绹ǿġ
ңûбҪ£ߺ֮黹Ū˾֪
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ͯ¶һĨ֮ɫûдȥ̽Щ飬֪ľ֪ģ͸ӲҪǻ˵ġ
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뿪󣬶ʱͿսƾճ֡뿪ʧߡ
뿪ˡǿգ˵
뿪Ӧ˽£ܣ˵µɳУѾ۽ȳգҪٵʱ򣬲һǰȥһһЩʹȥ
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岿нӳȻ岿УǶôҵ飬ӣ˵ǱȱȽǣڴУ֪Ǳ岿ץסָܣǾĸо
ֻ£ȫκϣģ־һ־޴ĴݲУִݲУǽȳҪ볹׻ָҪһμʱ䣬֪ˣǰȫˣÿÿجθѡָоҲй
ʱһϵһ˿ػܸЩһůܡ
δţȳﵽ򣬶ңԶԶֹкܶ岿䣬壬нǰͷųȥڴͷųһ⣬ϣ᳹׶ǡУյٴοʼǡ
ÿһɳڣ˿ڶԾ˵ٶȱǡ
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СٻҲͷʾͬ
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˭Ǵ˵ϣľУǹٷ͢ǰȥЩܸĸЩӪһֹСܴģǸܵǵӡ
ȶģջġ

˵׼ǰȥο顣̤ھսϣստٴУƳգٶ֮죬ڽ֮£졣֮ٶ벻춼ѡ
ҰԭȵĻҰҰʧ໥档ҰΣգͳյļǿҵĻ䣬ֻ὿۴
ԶǰܿģһƬޱ޼ʵĻҰҰУ̫ΣգҲ
ƬƬɽ֣ʶɽ塣
һϪӡЩʮɣϰɵĲڻҰУ㲻ʲôȱȽǡһɫٶȼ죬ĻУȻС
ȻУصǿµա
֪ŶٵݡЩһвͬҲձǿ붯
ܿ죬սѾ뿪Ľޡ;УһµɳǣɳУһƬȻ죬ʼָһй£ʼԼļ԰ѻĵأʳ߲˵ȵȣͽ˶ΧĻ̽Ƶͼ
񣬸ֹЩɳǻȫµĻ
ٷϴˣ죬˵ľǰľ档
Ҫ˶ãɳǾͽȫµøٹ̣ʱǴ׽ʳ֮ʱаһͷ
ɳѹҰľԽӵĸоȷˮɽͼ׽Уÿһɳ棬۵֮ҲκɳǣظصľǿЧҲǽɽͼˮ
ңǣû뵽ڻɴڣңǳҲЩܣǴķ
ûãսѾһųϿա
ϸȥǺȻңǣңԾڳǽϣһټ׾أڵĽҲ룬ӵеİѾʮ򡣿൱Ӵһ֣ʮ־ˡ
ܿңϿת
ҲǸո̤ɳǵļİô˵أֻĲòڰеʿ࣬ǿ˵Ϊϡ٣ȻңвûпйҲֻھвпܡҪȻлԵԵõǵõС
η֮ߣ
ҡҡͷ˵
ңǳȻ㲻ûгΪĿܡηյʵ̫ǿǼɵ°գɣǶûġƿȫֵŶûУǻʲôʸΪһǿĵڷչһ̶ȣǱȻܵƿ
ûжңǾĴ׽ԶֻҪ´֮£ͽڴ׽֮ڣʱȻǴңǵʱ


1047 ǽ
ңǵʱһߣһ䣬սٴǰ
뿪ʱңУһׯ԰ڡ
ȻԿׯ԰󣬵ҲԲС棬ȻһȺˣԿĳЩȻͨղͬ϶һֶصʡҪվͨ˵УͻͬȺĿ
Ҫ˵Ļ͸ǰڴеӵơ
׿ʣһָ߸ϣ˵ƣĸоƺǽͷ­߸
ϣô죬ңоʮǴţڳѡӣȴңǳҪǼôȥյӵɾûа취С
ɽׯڣһȺʿУɣŵӡ
ǰӡȱڣſԷӡͷųеӿ£ЩŻڷӡУ֮УҲˣǷླǿߣͬͼ۷壬뷨ླֻ֮ң
һŮ޿˵Ϊ׵ߣǾη֮ɫ
ߣ׷ͯգɫƤʮ߰Ůѷɫ֪Ϊտ
ңǳԸӦ޷ǾǺЩճΪŵӣԺǿ֮󣬻鷳ͳӰ죬ΪӦǾûа취ôǿǵʱĻҰУɲųħֿǽңУѾовٵħֻ֮£ҾǰζԸħ
һЦ˵
ɫŲޡ
Ժû뵽еĳȻϣǼȻҲûжЩħֵıҪýЩħЩֻ֪Ųܱס
żǲϳȳΪѰеΪŵΪṩе֧֣ṩңܱҲǱȽϴϣǲϳż档
ϻ˵
ЩһţϳȵˣȻΪѰűǿҪǿȻ벻ףյҪˣҪõܳżӣ͸Ҫڴ룬ܻȡѰһԾѵ;
ϧ̫ǿ󣬸ܵŵӰ졣Ǵ׵ľӣ治һǿ󣬴еİգȻ˶˶ʿڴ֮Уŵƣȫ⣬˵ѾʼӴңѾ˲Ŀʼ
һŮ޴һ˿֮ɫ˵
ɫУоп־壬Ľв˼ȵȡ
˵ףģһȫĬȻ
ڰĿùʱĻ棬ÿһ֧ţǾеľʵĶ񺣾۷ΪϾģǱȱȽǡսǷླҪɱǻ棬ҪֲжֲжԴļɵ뵽ġ

˵ңе飬ȴ˵뿪ңǺһ·ǰֱĳ߹ڶȥ
ûжãѾ߹ȸ
Ȼɣ໥ɵ
ڿ󣬵һ۾Ϳפ߹˴ȷʵЩѾ߹ȰΧ档ܿĳ߲ơ
һ䣬սͬʱϹâһ뵽Ӱ֮У߹̤˽ȥ
Ȼûа֮壬аķҪȡһЩһЩڷͨһⶼûУֻѡ
£Ҫټ򵥲غսʿûκβֻҪԸ⣬˵ЩսʿǿǰʲôоֻҪ¶ɱͿԡ
׾ٵ̤߹ȡ
̤ȥһɲǣܵĸо߹Уһε֣ƺҪסĽŲ̤ȥ
нƽ硣
Ժпٸֳһͷ
Ľƻûа취ĽŲʱϹһ漴ϢĴ˹ȥƶûб𴥶
һ̤ȥܼÿһ
εУһõĹŹ
˳ȻԿһˣ°Ľһ
һ˿˿õϢӽвɢ
ܲϴϢϡ
߹ȻǸһԼȻûһΣܶ׶己ܵٶȻǹ졣
аҡҡͷѾоܱкܶ׶ˣ࣬ȻеıżĹټϣһǿĴЧûʲô飬Щ˾ͻȻȻײ顣
ԴˣҲǼֲ֣ûж룬׼Ƭ
ͻȻ䣬һζԻڶߡ
ڽϵսʿ
С죬߹ȿܻᷢһս˴ͥĴʱҪǷսͶлᣬһҪȰߺӳȥ˲ҪߺߺϣһߴϢһ߿˵
ߺ󲻻뿪ģҪߺҪ뿪Ѿ뿪ˣߺǲ׷ЩˡֻɺǱ̫Ϊ˵õߺ󣬾Ȼ˱ɣֶΣնóˡǲĿģĲݡ
СЦ˵
ɫŲޡ
˵αЯƸ࣬챦ߺڱصáϧߺûкøС
˵

һ̸Уüͷһ壬Ҳ֪ͥĴôһ¡
ȻҪȢߺΪͥ󡣡
ɫ䲻Ծ¶һĨ䡣
ߺʲôˣΣⶼŮˣϵŮˣһ㣬ߺԸܣܽЩûз
УʣѾߺ󵱳ԼŮˡ
ԼŮˣȻ񣬱Ҫ޸ˣǱʲôо
֪һɲǣؿڣӿֳһŭŭ𣬼Ҫȼ
Ǻǣ
һЦӱз
ˣ˭̡̲ˡ
ҪʲôҪֱﵽԴ㿸ųͷǽǡҪǴȥƤǾǳ׶ˣԺҲûʲôȥˡ
רҪҹȥΪһͥͿҴ׷ͥҪҴֱ̨ӶҵŮ֡
һԷһߡ
תͷɽ棬Ŀñ䣬˴иֳһĨŨҵɱ⡣
ΪʲôһоһѪе׽Уʲôʮ׽ڸоࡣаһͷ
֪Ϊʲôڽ߹ʱĪһָо
׽֮УѪеġ


1048 ټߺ
ָолصлǣƣ޷ͻŪôġټϱ飬ΣĿãһС
ȥߺ󡣡
һаһͷѾ
ûгɣ˳ֹŹֵѪӦǰ̤ȥһ·ӰǱУܵһûУپҲûа취
Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳иû¶εĴ㡣
߹лûб䣬ֻ׶˵õ߹ּΪõķΧҪͳЩ׶Ǽֱ׾ٵģ˳µ飬Ҫûô׶ǲһֵֵ顣
һ·У֪УѾһǰ
ǰĺԺҲɸֳĻ棬һ˿Ҳһڡ
ľȻһĵ
̧ۿȥ룬֣ʵģңжصڣúĵĴڣϸ۲죬Ѳĵ
һ̤
̤ںˮϣȴһ˿ûƺˮһεȻȻĽˮڣˮ׾ٵļԦǻΪá̤ˮϣƽأҪµˮȻȻĽǰ˹ȥ
֪УѾĵ
һĵȻ徻ţȣȻͬ
һ̤ϺĵҲɰһ˿̾
Ҫ˵߹嶼һ֮ĻǺĵһƬһƬƬ̵ֵ׺ĵţУƮһ㵭㣬û֮ӵһ־ĹЧ
һԱ񹹽ɵ¥һ˿Ϣ
¥ǰȻԿһӰпͤǰĺˮУһͨܿĳ޳һͷ·ǸոճҶһ㣬ͨȴֳֳ̾Ө֮ɫܸܵõУ̺һּΪȻϢ
еһ㶼͡
ⲻͨĵ
ߺס
пһۣܵĿЩȻһףȣң൱һ֣Ǵϳģӿһֺ֮£һͻףײӪḻңŶص֮
ң̺ףؼǣϴģ޳ʣж𵽼棬ȥ˼Ȫӿƽʱ鶯糱Ϊ̺Ԫʵѵõס
˿УʱĳˮȥˮиȻҲ֪׶ĺôԵĶ࣬ǿž޴档
С֪֪ڵ龰ǷԸǰ
һ꣬ҪСҾһӶĺӡ
䣬С΢΢һ£ûʲô仯ֻǣӱЩȴԵ
Сӣкˡ
˶һ𾪵УʶĿ˵ȻȻĳ֡£ﻹ˼ڡ
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С˵Լ
ĺӣѵԼġ
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˵ѣѪ֮ĸӦ޷˵ѵġ
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ߺתͷ˹ͷϣһ˿޷ԶԼ䣬ΪһĶ˻ֳµĺâ
ʱԳһ˿һ˿һ˿ϲҲֳһ˿աﻹ᲻֪ոԼĻȫи˹ȥ
ȻңҪ֪߳˴ıʣ̫ȻҪǲǿȢ㣬飬ôܲ
һ˵
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һһأȫ飬ҲҪһʱ䡣
߹жĿ̽ڼҡ
ֻת䣬ߺѾȷеĴ𰸡һ䣬߹沼ߣҪʲôôбܵһ˿ŭ
ȻǣҲ֪ҴڶŵĽ׶Σ߹ƬͬǴڴ´ŵķΧ֮ڡԣֵȻʼܱ߽͸з߹ı仯ͥĴ߹ΧԣһʱҲŵõϢһʱϹ
ƽ˵ɫƶ
ߣ
ߺзһߣȥˣ಻ţһ¡Ҳ֪׶ŵٶȷʵ൱죬ѣһֱּѸײڶ֮ƣ̶̼ʱ䣬ͳ׶Ǭ
ò˵ųʱܱ岿ɴһǿҵ𺳵С
岿νΣ´׻ɱ
ǰҪǲܱߵĻνп⣬һ㣬ߺԼš
ߣʲôҺûʲôϵߺԴһ˿յ˵
ôûйϵǻҵĺӣǽӵĸףңǸסע㽫ҵŮˡһ㣬˭ı䲻ˡ
кԥ˵
ɫһ˿ƶһ˿
ǰ߹ʱлһ˼Ҫߺ󣬲֪ԼĺӺǾҲûκԥߺԼӵĸףҲԼŮˡһ㣬һ̣Բκε⡣
һֲɵǿӲ
ߣ˭Ůˡ
ߺһ˿漴ͷһߡͷһƲȻ˵
˵ȥ˴ֱӽΧ߹ȣвҵŮˣ̧ۿ߹⣬˵
֧˴ȻˣǾͲҪٻ뿪
ͨͨҪ
˾ӹ
ߺ΢΢üѯʵ
ֻһһΣһ֧˴κβң赲סҵɱ¾ҪҵŮˣΪûƢô
¶һĨЦ
ߺп֮ģǸǧУвʹ졣ͷͨɱˣǾ֧˾ˣԵô̫֮۸
еɱһ̣׿ʼڡ
֮ǰͻܵŭһ̣͸ӵĿ񱩡
һǰâһռֱӳ֣̤ռźһ˲䣬Ѿ߹档ƾ˴ǰ
˭
ʲô˸ҳײ
ҿɱ⡣
߹Ĵʹڽ䱸֮Уһ־ͼе۷壬Ϊ˷߹롣˿ĿһӰֱӳڴǰʱ󾪡


1049 
ΪֻΪ¾ȡΧ߹ȣߺ󣬵
кڵվڴǰ
һǰÿһʵʵ̤ڵϡб³һĿкޱ飬ǰĴڿһȺˡ
飡飡飡
ÿһ̤ȥڵϣƮƮĽŲȴ·̩ɽ淢صĺµĴأȻȻ𶯣ܿس·˰㳯˷ϯȥĿ꣬ȴ˴ڵλá
꣡
ܿʯӲӵϵڰоͱ촷ۡΪĩƮɢÿ̤һõƵ˲䱶ǡܵľҡΣҶϵ㣬Ʈ䡣
˭Ȼҳͥգ˭Ȳ㡣˴սʿĿã̲סŭ
ԣҸоӡ˭ϸһ롣ˣǿ߿еӰ֪ΪʲôоΪϤƺ̵ӡŶԡѾǰľ˭
֮Уô
ǿߣǽ¶һ˿֮ɫĿȻһ־塣ǾѪǰһսȻеǿֲɱ·磬ħսϣһ콾ɱˡǶǿߡңȻǷླεĸ֡
û֪еʵﵽʲôΡ
ϳеʱһɫ䣬˸徫սʿ˿̣ѾоĵڷˣһɱһԻصĿ´ڣңǴ֮ݵλһ޶ڣȻ⵽Ϊʲô⵽ô¡
ֻһˣ˴ʮ֮࣬ʱһʶսеıŵİ͵͵ʿˮ
ֹǷʲôᡣͥĴǰΪӭȢߺΪͥĪǴҪͥìô
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ӭȢߺҪǳɹڴģͨͨҪ
еŭʱøӵŨңͷһЦ˵ӭ׻ãһ˵еŭ𣬾ȫѹƲסˡ
˶̣Ҳ̲ˡ
ߺߺϵңϵУ
鱨֮ǰôûеõЩȫǰ׳գһȺģôҪ龹Ȼûе飬ֻҪܻŻȥһҪȫȥ
ȻΪߺѵߺ֮ʲôɸ˵عϵοҲϿ˭ãƫƫߺҪˡ
˴Уսʿһ󰧺ôû뵽ݱӣҪߺŮˣǸоͱ¨ӡҪ˵ġ
ǹǽͼ󳦣峤Ϻϸһ̣Ҳо·ǧֻз̤ȥ
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飡
еĲûΪǵ𾪶ͣ¡һ̤һǰ
ӭУĿ꣬ɱɱɱ
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ΨһĻ·ûκѡ
汾档ǰ£ɱ
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߰ϣǰٿ񱼣棬ͬʱһ˸һͨ
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оõ޷ıӣ¹⸲ȫһȻǣ·˲һȦÿһ϶ɢϵϢһֿĹâ
ܿЩðϸܵëĿһ鼡Ѫӿݳ񱩵Ϣ

пĿ⵭ĮĿǵľٶΣʣԿѹһС
ţͿһּΪĻ档
ǽǰµշԾͷԲȥ˲ԲУգۼ䣬Ȼôʧ
ԲУĿһӰ¹УƺڳԲ³ݣԲΪһ塣
е˼ս󣬷ӳǿһ1
Źǽ룬ԲµĹâʢҲڱɢ޾¹⣬ս¹У̺žǿ־ƺһֶصķתĵˣǿѹ֮ʹ˿̶ԣо͸оһεѹѹ
أ
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飡
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Ѫ³ͷƺһ̾ͽʱ򡣿Կ·һ

һط·ǵ㣬ʶӲļʯӵһ˲Ϣ䣬۳һֻצɢɫ⣬ɫ۶Ķצûκֻצ޴ޱȣӵʱʮɴС
ĳѪһצץ˹ȥ
צУݳ
飡
ѪצʵʵײһһײʱԿƹѪͬʱǣų⣬ޱȡ
ô
ܣĲǰɱླǿߣôᱻס
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ڸոգʩչǰʱлǿֻǣõĽȫ޷ܡ
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꣡
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ۣ
Ѫͬʱƾճ֡


1050 
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ֱ۳սȻһֱ̣Ӿˡңֻ棬սʿһ־޴ޱȵĳ
ǰȻһס˲ͱɱ
ײޱȡ
¡¡
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צǣƬͨͨУɢһĪԡ
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Ȼ
ɢԣⲻõģʵģǿ̺֮ǿϢǡ򣬷ླǿߵ򡣡
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Ƿླӵеǿ֮һ˵һֱ־ԵླԽڵıͼֱӻΪһͿܱʵ򣬾ͼεáͼʱǿ
һǣκνеܵǿѹƣһʵʮ߳ɣ֮ӵžԵƣռȻ
Уͼӵжݱͨ
ǿһ־ǿֵķΧжЩླڸոͻʱֵķΧʮСֻʮңСΪļǿҲ᲻ϵš
֮У޵У˵ľǷླǿߡ
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б˵
Ȼͼе棬ûиı֮ǰľ
ٴǰ̤
һУȻԿһɫƾճ֣צ䣬յͬζ㱻̳һա


1051 ߵ
ͼ۳磬ǰͺñһζɿڵļʳһ㣬ԽɣԽܸо̺ǣڷӡһӴ׳Ľɫƥ㻮գ˴С
ûκ⡣
Ϻ󣬼ӳЩϵͼ֮׷ױ飬֮Уһʵͨͨͨѹƣ֮ʩչͨʹֶΣȫܷӵ£˳ͼͼڹ⻷мӳ֣޷ֵ
£׷׺飬ķѡ
лβڴϣУһĵشܼð˳
սʿش̶ֱӴӾջ룬ͷ­ġһĻĻ˿ĴĿġĲҲ̶á
һ̤һɫĽƾճ֣ϴݳһķ֮ƺܽ˺ѡ
̤һһɫˮ֣趯䣬һӿ⣬һӿ֣Ȼ䣬籩ϯ£꣬Ǻɫˮڵϣ涼ܿһĿ׶
֣ÿһϰɾ޴󣬳ֺûκγɣ趯֮ɫâĳиսʿ˲ͱиһϸСѪƬԵס
Уӳƻ̫ˡ
֮ʹִ֮ͨʩչش̣ȵȣսϸ֡
Уں籩ϯ
ͼڣһ̣ͬ޷ֵ
ԾԵĹΨһĽֻ䡣
ɱɱɱ
֮ȫѪȷǡ
ߵʬҰ
˴еսʿߣ˵Ǹ
ͲһϵĶ֣ȫѹʮ£ȫǴ׵ĸ
Źġ
һʵŭСȻԿѾһצţͳһž޴࣬һŤβϣıѿΪѪƬ
ҪɱңҺߺͬ尡
ϸץצУֵķСƺҪߺסԼ
ȻĺûΪһ˲䣬Ӳ󱬣аǧһѪƬ
һãͼһţͥҪ󣬿ѾӦģҶãҿԱסԻȡһãҶкôھɱңҲй߶ѣҪйߣǰʮɱˣηŭҲӦˣҪġ
ֻȴĶ䲻ȶĴ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ȥ
ΪͼΪͼսϣȫһսʿػ֮УܻսʿľòĵزɲôĪˡһӭ׵С£ҲֻΪ˱ʾ֮ģû뵽ȫһӡѡܱܲסȫһ֮顣
꣡
ˮצץС󳦵ɫѾò԰ѩ
ֵǮ
еĮĿ󳦣˵
ֵǮֵǮ
󣬸оתʹͼ˵Уһͨвӵһλͼ츳ҵݵλΪҪͥҲĽֻҪ֪ͨ϶ó㹻ĴΪ챦䱦ҩʲôԻȡ
Ϊ˱һ̣󳦺ԥĽֵ˵Լķôˡ
Ŷͼ֮ĬдΣ֮Уȥ֮󣬲׼Ҷһ뿪ķ䣬Դ֮㣬ܲгȥǾͿԸ⸶Ĵۣãˣһ㡣
б˵
ûɱ˵еŭһɱ¾£ҲйĲ࣬ͼеϡƷ֣ͼ֮ʮ棬ڲؾжûУ󳦵ϧҲһ˿ȡͼһ֮ͷ
ֻҪܵõǶڴ׶ԣһĪĺôеӡ
Ҷұ֤Ҷһ뿪䡣
֤
һ˲䣬һռų֣˲佫ȡȥڳʱѾ븽ɳСڽɳǺ󣬵һʱͱɣ׽ȥ
ԪħΣѾ֮У֮ÿɳǶεڣڣֻܽܳһѺȥĵһ䣬Ϊȫ䣬ֻҪǾԶڼ״̬μȡϵ֮ҵһҵȫһգǾεʱ̡
ζ޷߳Σǵõе
ҪȻ˭С
ͽУȻͲȥҪ֪ԪħǾһɱ䣬ﵽףķ䲻ø࣬ң̺ɱͬøӿ£һݽȥԲ˭ֵܵģյսᡣ
ʧڿ߹档
ܿѪƬɢķУѾѪȾ죬ûһ߽ʬ塣
ˣʮ˴ôˡ
һĻû˿
ڰеĹˣ߹е壬ߺ󣬶Ĵս˿©Ŀ۵ףĿдһʼ֣˴Ӳ֧оиӿֳ޾ľ
һ
ôܣʮңеľ񣬾ȻȻһӲˣֱ
ɨǧ޵У޵а򣬷ླǿֵزֱ޵еĹͨ
һ˿Եֵһ֧˵ʵǿһ̶Ⱥ󣬾Ȼ˲˼ĵز⻹ǷླأǿԻء
໹壬һ̣ǰĲ
Уľʮǰ׾ٵı¾һա͸һ㡣
һУһ㡣
ֻ˭š
һͷųɣһߵ֡
ˢ
һ䣬Կ˫ֱӻΪڰ֮ɫйâתֱγڰУת䣬ɢǿս
һܵɿܵǣԴԴϵĳ˫ûȥͶУֱʧ
ͨͨΪ۵ĵ̡
֪УñԴøǿ
Ѫʬ壬Ҳڹâһ£ѸٱռɽȥСֻǣûñɣЩѪ⻹ôѪǿڵš
ǵħսеõĺʬѪŵķΧѪȻԽԽá


1052 
Щ˶ǾѪѪУĳשʲôѪʬһΪձԴƳɹǾѪԼǽãҲУΪ
ǡƸ񡣡
һӪУпڴΰڿЩԲͬѰͨɢ֮ͭɫƺͭתдһ˿صá
ⲻͨı䡣
Ǭ˵ңñﴢ棬ܵʱʴ˵µӰ죬ֱӼ͡磬̺ҩҩĻͿԱ漫Ϊ£ңҩŵٶȻһ൱΢ĵز
ı䣬ʮڣ̺챦˵ǲȫܹõαǰףǴžԵĳѡƸ񣬶Ƕ䡣棬ʿΪ֮ƴɱ޲ռΪеı
ߣҪҵûˡЩҵսƷ
ĿãЦ˵
һ֣Ҳ浽װʲôֱսУԺеǻ鿴
㾹ȻЩͥĴȫɱˡ
߹һɫװߺֱ̤˳סȣǰƵսüͷ΢΢һ壬ŨѪϢҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
˵ҪɱȻҪ
ƽ˵в㣬ɱ⡣
ֻ±ôĿǲưոݵġߺһĨů漴˵Σαʧһ֧ؼǣӱ׵׵Ĳڽ£ǱݺݰڵĦȻ߳ŭ
߹ȿ»Ϊжд̡
֮졣
߹ȣֻ޷ټȥˡ
ߣưոݣѵҾʹưոôȻҴŮ˵⣬Ҫ꣬һûҪꡣͥΪͥҴͻǡ
зһЦ˵
ҪõϢüʱҪԴһɫУԼĺӣǻزۣЩ飬ֻҪһ룬оһεŭڷ
˭Ůˡ
ߺһۣȣɫ飬ôһ˿Ľߡ
УûԭȵӲ䡣
֮ĴȤζ
вϣⶼѾʵҶʿЩ̫Ĩǡʵʵôᷢı䡣
һ¶һĨ΢Цߺθһȥֻڴ֮УȫġУãͬҲԶĺкôУͺӶյõչˣƽĵȴӵĳ
УҪһƽ˳ĵǳɳô׵飬磬̫̫գһСľͻزֲۣź
֪ߺҲˣڼȻ֪Ǿ;Բߺ߹УʱΣϮӲҪ˵ڣȻưոݣߺ뿪еĵߡǰҲҪߺش
ǲ̫Ե롣룬ǾֱȥͷͨȻľһ
Ҹʱ䣬ԿһϣϣȻʲôҵľģϣһǴҶĽ
ƽ˵
дһ˿ݸĵƶ
ߣ
ߺзһߣתٴη߹ȡֻһӰл
ȴûз񶨡
ȻеٶԵЩԵɲ֪ΪʲôУƺĪĴ
ݼϡ
ʱȻԿڰеĹ˷׷׳֣й
ö񡣡
һƽ˵
ϣǷҪ֪ͨǲһ֧ӹС˵ոյĶԻú߹еߺȻϵŮˣңУʲô£ʲô飬һ˵ȥȫǾ׳µ⡣
ߺֻҪŽף׵ģһңﻹãлŮŮľǶҪкǿɾǴӣڴԣȻϲּģ˭ϣܹ࿪֦ɢҶࡣ
ڵ˿̫ˡ
˵Ҫʲô̳֮ģһֱܵİΪиеˡǺ£Ĵ¡
һңУͥôǲһ֧ŹЩ׵
ãйû˭ȥȻ֪ͨǡҡҡͷͻнҲһϵ顣趯ôĵز
ǣ
˴ӦŹ¡
ĵ֮ͤС
ߺץһףˮȥһƬȺˮ׷Եúò֡
ϵɫȴԵüΪӣϱáƺԵԥ
ҲڿǣҪҪǰףǴӦʣԸΪеŮˣҪǾܾɣҲδܿܵе־
֪УѾҹʱ֡
ףʲô
߹ǳУͻȻ䷢һڱλãȻ˸ϸȥԶĻҰУصĳյɢһƹ⣬ںҹУһһģƺԶҲһ˿⡣
ĸоһ˿ͬѰζ
ҹ֮оȻеңɢ˵ƹ⣬ⲻͨĵܷģȴ˸оһ䣬ɲһ㡣³Ұ֮ж졣
ĿãҲһͷ
ҪĽǺͨǲϹˡ
˼ϲġ
ЦЦ粻֣ƫƫҹʮ֡һĽ棬ҲõĽڵ㡣
ǹơ
ߺ֪ʱѾ߳߹ȣԣͬ򱱷ĺ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ
ʲôħֶˡ
пһ紵УƺһӰٳŴλ׷Ϲȥ
ҲϿȥ˵һλԵݹϼش˵пܻȡĪԵߺ˵ҲһĨ⡣
ãȥô¡
ԥ˵
ҪĲȥ̽Ǵô£ؼǣߺһͬУҪģ˵ʵڵģߺҲûи̵˽⣬ܵദȻ໥˽Ĵûᡣ
ؼǣѾ˺ӣѾ˴ˣƱҪġ
УܿЩһЩħ֡
֮͵ģ϶ͨĻԵ˵õԵ컯


1053 
ԶƺжԶľ롣֪ΪʲôֻҪ۾źǾȻȻҪôߣִܿĿĵءƺһǱĬӰ־˿׷ȥ
˼
棬ѾԽԽˣӡֱ仯ؼı仯ԽԽӣħֶˣʣҰΣգܶҲʼ֣ͺñڣĺǰǴû˵
ʣӡŷġ
ںĽ£ʱš
ƺһ˲䣬ƺǼΪḶ́㱼䣬Ѿһڡ
ȻԿǰһ޴ƷƷңڴ˵Ǻʵ򣬿ԿеĻ棬ƾճֵģԼ䣬һּвâڱ·ֱӶסԼпһ˲䣬ͱµƻ
ҵ𣬺ҵ𡣡
ڿлһɲǣͫҲ̲סһⲻͨĻ棬Ǻҵؼµļ֮һ̺൱£˵ؼκǿֻ֮ҪϴҵմȾҵͻᱻȼڶ⣬꣬ͬʱա
ϵҵҵлΪҽҵϨ𣬼ǲܵ顣
ҵĿ£֪
𣬶ԸմȾ
ҵ˭϶УǸոճӤҵȻڡ
Ļ澹Ȼλεİڷǰȫ±˵ߣ֪жôеôţȫ˭ȥҵ
У
ٴ̧ۿȥȻԿƷһңϺȻֳֿ֣Ĺ׭岢ͬǣֻҪһۣ˭еĺ壬֪ʲô˼
ʲô˼ˡ
֪зΪ֣һ˵гٶ·ĶǷĶࣻС賿ǰͿУոһ񳿷紵һȻɢˣȥӰ֯˹ĵҰУ˭Ҳ֪ôͳǶˣôͳôˡ
ңΪڣӰӰ´վšźЩˣҲڽǰһƣССģҹ·Ȧӿġ𡱡һһ⡣߽һһ조ȫȫβİ׺ƤСҲнʻĶģĶõģһǮһֻԺתͷͿԲˡ۲Լı¡Ժּۻۡ
ֹУ˵ʵ͸в࣬ȻûʲôҪһЩ̼ȷصͿԿ
һ֣ľĹУйҲħ֣ͬĶ·ѱ棬ȻҲĪ⣬棬̾ʲôݶУʲôܶУĹУܵõöҲܿ׿㶼ʣ¡
ĹС
ʶһͷ
û뵽顣
ߺһۣڸпһ˿Ȥ
߰ɣһȥңǧɢСΪϡ
׵ͷ˶ѾˣȻûתߵĵ
ôȥһ˵
ã
ߺҲͷʾӦ
ڹֵطɲֱŤˣƢʱ

нֳߺ˹ȥ
ߺ΢΢һ£Ͼֵ˹ȥѩɢĶ˫ȻաţͬʱƷ̤˹ȥ
ˢ
̤ȥһɲǣͷ·߽һռһйĿռ䲨ӿǰľɫȻһ䣬ٴγʱѾһڡ
̧ۿȥռ䶼Եİޱȣɢ̵̲Ĺâһӿ䵽ϣʶһ˿⣬˸о
˼йȻһ㡣Ͼͽһôݵع浽λ
аԳ
̤ƬռʱԿϣһڵ֣£ֻҪԼԸ⣬û˭ԿԼòǷֱ治лŮ
޷͸ͺһǿıɫϢй¶ݵأ˼£ֻҪԼģǾͲй¶ʵѶϢ
˭ݵֶҲҪһ
УǾûԸױ¶ݡ
ҪǵõʲôأҪǷ˴ءһ¶ݣ˵ͻʬҰǲԩ
ȻֻҪԼԸ⣬ԼҪ˿ԼģҲԼ⣬ֱɢֻҪ㲻±¶ݣⶼǿƿصġ
ڶԣߺ˴ܹ֮ġ˿ǵò
һƬ޴Ŀռ䡣
ôԵúܹ죬ףƺѾԭȵĿռˡ
źݵӰ
ܣǰڷһ̯ڵ̯ϣڷŸָƷʮֵİ޷׵Ŀ浽ʲôڵ̯һֺӰ
ȻҲȫźģвٸûֺôֱֳӰòġƺڱ¶һ㶼ں
ŻǱԭ֪
Ȼħ֡
ĿһûбֵӰϣϰȥһ̫šУйĶһƤаǰ

ߺ󿴵Ҳ΢΢ü˵
һޣ̬ӣֻʣŴЦţֻʣϰǱһ֡ʮˣҪǱĵطͨ˿ܱιȥ
ϣƺʲô̫Ǹˡ
еģ˭ǹ
ƺߺֿ죬ЦЦ˵
ڹеģȻǹ׵ͷʾͬʲôʲô
Ǻǣ̣ʲôֻҪеģסֻﻻǹЦıģȻܲѡıǾͿԼı¡
һ˵ţָԼǰĵ̯
ԿӨӨĹ֣˹ǰһ̯
İĹ𣬿Կ̯ϵƷϸȥǲϡŹֵĶ
׹ľˣ֮ĳ˵֣ɰ䣬δ֪
ʿõҩڵӴ֮áܴ֮ӿḶ́ʱ䡣ʮĵҩ
Ԫ֣սλ׼Ʒ£ؽף⡣
飬֮۶ɵĹ屦ÿֱ֮ʮ󡣡
㣬ʮãɴ꣬дЧʮҡ
Կǰıﻹǲ٣׹ƵҩָıӦоС


1054 ֮Ƥ
Щȫġٲΰ롣
е£ȻͿԿܶ൤ҩһöö֪Ūӣ˵ǵҩȻǼٵģҪȥ³ԻǲġУһЩ伮ȥǵ伮£ȴһƤƤʲôûУ档
ȻҲģܲǾȫԼԼˡ
ом٣ǼٻһɽףûκηڵĻᡣҪȡ֣ǾƻأȻͷ磬ֱӴӹȥԺ޷ٽС
һȻҲˣ̯ϰڷŵĶˡ
Щ۷ڵֶΣжԣֻ£ľԼٲˣٵҲ治ˡ»򵽼ٻ
Ȿλ
ͻȻָһżǹżɫѾƣ·мΪݡڹżϣȻֳ׭˷
Ȼһū֮Ȼûۿݣô£δ֪һȷǾǣһĹż۷ʲôƤƤƤ֮ġģǾ㹻ˣ̽еһЩ顣
֮У඼ﻻһǮûãڤңҲҪڤң̫ҪһƤһšòġƤֻҪܴƤңĶȻ˵
Ƥһ¶һ˿ֲЦݣʮˡ
ƤҪƤ
΢΢üƤɣΪľƤҵòգ˻ûеòֶΣǻƤйػƤĴ˵Ͳ֪ж٣кƤףԵйԻƤ֮գ徫ǵȵȡ
ִ˵ȱȽǡ
Ƥһ㶼ŮӣϾŮӰ޷壬Աеһԡ
ûлƤ㻹Ҫʲô
ҡҡͷƽ˵ƤֶôУУҲóƤǼΪ̡˷ָ
ǾͿóʲôҿϣȻԽнסڤҲԡ
һЦ
˵ڤȻڤңڤңҪϵȵڤֽ죬ٷ㰸֮ϣҹʵմȾԸȻȻڹ֮УǿĹͨļֵܱϿɡ
ڤңԴȻֵС
֮Уһˡ
ֻء
ƽƣУȻԿһöӲӵҡİĻУԵøӵҫۣӵĿ
ǡ
ֽöҽ˹ȥ̺һϢðһĨʣǴеҡ
ҡ
еͷ˵
֮ףΪֹûжٻ֮ӲҪ˵ǳԽңڤһҵȹʹáȻסҪⱾ˷ǧö
ЦǺǵ˵ץȴǲ֡
ǧöԡ
΢󣬵ͷӦּ䣬óǧöңͬʱǱ˷
۸񣬿˵Ҳ˵ۡǹС
㲻ҪԷֻһΣĹ伮Բǹ±һͻóڶ֪ʶǲƸԴԴϵĳۡӲҪȥЩе˻ʲôְҵء㣬Ǽٵġ
ԣǧöһ˴˶ܽܵļ۸񣬽Դϲ
˵Ի׬ˡ
ȻԶԣ˵ҸҪپж٣еļֵǧöܻȻٺò
ܱߵ̯̯ںеһʡǿҵĿ
ܺãЩ伮ȫҪһ¼۸Ƕ١
ָŹŵ̯ϵЩȻָģȫǻʵĹ伮Щʩչ۷ģûЩã˭ԸȥҪǾ˭ȥ
־ٶҲ¶֮ɫҪ֪е۷ɲ˭ܿƵģһйĶûѡҪ˵Ļ˵졣
ֹżǧңЩߣЩͣʣڹŶԣ϶Ǵ׬׬
һҲϡ
ָһż˵Ǳżʩչ۷ģһƤƤϲûиãҲûг棬ͬǱ濴Ĺż
׻ûа취е۷
ȴ¶һĨȻһҪܿе۷ǿɾͲʲô¡ŸоǾǲˡ
Ǯдߺת뿪ŵ̯λϴһ˿ζĿǱżû
ʲôֵ⡣
ߺĿǱż۷ûɢǿľǹżǳ۷ҪȻڹУǲɢġ
ǹеĹһ֡
ö
Ц˵漴һһ£ֱӽ۷ƿеĹżȻһƤƤϿʲôֶûС
ƤƤ
ߺ󿴵ȴ¶һ˿֮ɫΪƤϸоһͬԴϢƤһƤƤĴСҲܿĳ߱ԲСƤֳһֺɫԤ⣬ƤˣԲͨࡣ
ǰߵƤңλߴ֮Ƥ
ûӣֱ˵
ڣƤȻ۾һƤңǰߵƤ
ȻǰߵƤ
ߺҲ¶֮ɫ
ɽھа͹֮кߣףʳ󡣡עҲɽϾʳǣӷ֮ĸ֮ΪߣƳڡһԻߣףϬţ
Թһ仰ͽĲߣǰߡ
ܹ´Ȼ֮
ߵƤһر̺ռƸֿռ䱦ģǰߴ紦ƤƤеľĲ֡
ƶռҪϡ
磬ǬǬɲһЩͨĿռǬĿռ䣬ٶװһɽһǳأڻ£ִ˵԰ߵƤơ
ôһ飬Ҫȥ¾ͲǼǧöҿõġ򣬼ʮ򲻵
ǹУֻҪ㹻ǿڹм©Ȼټ򵥲
ףʲôѵޡ
ڹι䣬߳ͻȻ䣬һ̯ϵߺĿ⡣
ԿǲһֻһֻޡѺͨѩף͸ѩ׵ʨһ㣬ֻǣͷϣȴһĶǡǸʨӴһȴûи̫Ĺ֮С


1055 
Ŷǵѩʨӣ
ңѺ󣬺ֻǸոճõ׶ſôһȵĸоڿ̲סһ൱ƯɰĳŮӣѿʣߺڿĵһۣҲһ˿ϲ
ϰưһȾ
ʲôޡ
ߺǰѯʵ
ȻǷĵϲҪȻҲῪʼۡ
ʲôҲǴϵģշУϡƷ֡һںеӰ˵
дһ˿˻ơ
ӻȻ֪ʲôѾ϶һֵǷڿѯʣ
Ǵϵģ
ֻ޵ĿʱýȻͬԥĲ̽
ޣؼһֶޣΪΪʳȻȻ֮ȻƲǣΪޣлþƺ֮У޿ռǿսǿƾʮֺ
ԺпٸֳһѶϢǹֻ޵ĸš
ȻޡƾлƲ㡣
֪ʲôС޺жʱһȣӿֳ󼤶ҪܵõǼֱ޼֮ǶԴ׶ԣ޿ɹ
ܵõޣԻòƾǾͿа취Ƴɫսӵɫս׵ʵɣٴαǣǳҰܷӳǿսս֮Уɻȱս
ֻô
ߺȴǵȿѯʵ
Ȼɫ񣬶ܸܵĵֻȷʵϲССģȴȵġܴŮӵġ
Ǻǣҽнװɡ
̯ЦЦ˵
ȻոҹƷĻ棬ͱ̯ĵףֻң˭κ壬ʹá
ĺö˭Լӵе̫ࡣ
ǣ
ߺ̧ۿһУͷ˵
ǺǣǺãֻ޾ʮöҡ̯Ц˵۸
ãǮ
ߺͷӦĻǶ˵ġпûôҡ
á
еЦóʮöңǰѻ룬һСɽû
⾿˻ˣЩνߺǮľٶаһ˿ϲáʱ򣬺˼ɵǮɣԼߺĿеĵλڷת䡣
ߺ󲢲Լϵȫǽһ󲽡Уг
ܲһ˿ϲ
Ǯĳ죬ҲĸԸ
ǺǣҲ͸ǡ
̯ǰңȻϲϵɽףһʱ佫
ֻ뿪˵
н޽˹ȥûߺ󣬶ǽ֮սУڹпɲϸ鿴ʱ
ߺԴҲû
󣬼ڹι
ò˵йȻǴ󣬷ͬһĴڻ谵Ĺ£Եùޱȡ
еıȷʵĹżͼΪĿɹۡ˵൱ֻ࣬Ҫжͣ½ŲѡײؾûеĹ伮ĹвǼΪϳ˵ġ
磬ʺϾеתһżΪĹʮͰԵңУҪܱ֮Ĵִ԰ԵΪԣʮֿ񱩣ʹ࣬Ǿܵĥ
УͬǶһִڱ֮Ĵ£ϱǿֻҪһΣ֮ǿһЩͨʿ˵һ˫֮˵ǴΪɱ¾һŹнʿֻҪȥǾлΪǿߡֻҪܳʹ࣬ʷڴҪλϡ
һűȴһʹܿЧĹ
ò˵ŹҪδػȡս䡷ѷɫ١޼
ĹڹоȻټ
ͼ֮
磬ͼٹҹͼͼͼͼȵȡ
Щϡͼ֮˵Ƕκʿͼ˭̫࣬ؾУͼ࣬񣬹еͼȫԶԲؾĲȱֲ
ջ񣬴ջֻһЩǮƾܻȡǴ׬׬
Ҳ¶һĨЦݡ
˵Ǯ⣬ʲô⣬ңڹ伮Щ֪ʶ˵Ǯƣֵһᣬ֪ʶĴУǷչĸϷḻؾʼգʸ־Ƶľߡ
ϵĿ֮һξ˵ջ
ʲô
ţߺͻȻָһ̯ѯʵ
ҲĿ⿴˹ȥ
һҲ¶һ˿졣
ֻһ̯ϣٲȻһֻѪɫĺӣںϣһԵ쳣أںӱ棬һֻѪĿȻһ˿⡣
Ѫɫ۾ܴĸ򣬶·ڶԼ
ĵ׷ë
һ֪ܾһа
ʲôҲ֪һ֪ģӣѪֻҪ㹻Ѫͻ۳ѪѪǺöʿȥ׳ѪǿԼʿܹ׳°빦
̯Ц˵
ϵĺһ󷭹ٲȻһֻͷֱϵϣһĺ
ѪѪһа
΢΢üȻѪ֮鲢û̫෴УдͲȱɱ¾ͺñȣѪǾѪʬ죬н죬޾ĺǡҪѪǾõ˵ѪֻҪĿ۳ѪĿԶΪ棬ȫ㹻еԸ⹺
ﱾ޷аȫġ
ѪħУѪѪѪбѪȾļʣпܻΪѪūתѪҪ̷ɽַƵҩԵҩѪħпѪѪǿĴȾԡһɢжȫá
еĿ̽УֻѪħеԲֹѪô򵥡
ⶫȻа˭ҪһСĳȥ˵ѪѪǿҵĿѪǲȾ֮ǿҪѷɫ
õĺãȴɱѷɫ
ֻӣʲô۸񡣡
׵ͷ
Ǻǣʮöҡ
ڹп˵ͳˣ˭֪ڹֵ¸͵ĺͣõĻңڹп˵ļ۸ֻҪһĽޣ۶Ὺڻһ䣬˵ǶپǶ١ĺͣҪ֪ѡ
ͲߵԼ̯λǰ๺


1056 ջ
ȻЩҲ֪кߺ󲢲Ƿ򣬸Ӳ׸ġ
̯ڿкߺʱһЩƷļֵ޽ƵҪۣžǼǧöҵƷֱӱʮ򣬼ʮ
£Ҳûзûйֻתȥ
۶㽲
ȻҵɵӣȻûʲô
㿪̫ףҾͲ򣬺ֱܼӡ
飬ڹϽֹΣʱùеЩ̯׵ɲǺúŪģҪҺҿۣǾζţ⡣󣬺̯ЩǱۣҲǱƽʱ߳һЩɲףǴڸԵλϣԼ׬ҲҪۡ
ã
ԴˣȻûнֱۡӾ͸ǮֻѪħʲôڻûã֮Уǲдġ
λгǲǰȥջ˵ջ񡣡
̯ڵõҺȻҲΪˣͻȻ˵һ䡣
ջջʲôطʲô
һĨɫͿѯʵ
ǰУȻҪܵõһЩջȻڶԣջѾСɾĴԵ컯Щ㡣ջȻһ˿档
λǸոսǿ֪ǽġ
ЦЦ˵
ƺ˼䡣ڽʱܵпռ䲨ԿһĿռ䡣ƽ˵
͹ٹȻȷʵ˼䣬ҲͨĶռؾ֮ء
˵˵ţ̧ۿ˿ˣдһ˿Ź֮ɫ
֮أֵط
΢΢ü˵
֮أ䣬ڤ磬˼䡣ͺñһһһ̫̫мߣʵ֮ءֵط˵ȫһܵ򣬲仹ķƺ˶Ӱ졣
ʵתվ
أڣֻ֮صһС֣Ǳɽһǡ
֮أпָ챦ĳЩ˲õ䶼пܵ
컯ĵط
нȷʵ磬ûжܹҵõӲҪ˵ƻУǼǲܵġ
ʵ֮أ֮أ˵ǹСֻЩطûһʸǽȥģҲҲģһЩĵطǾ͸ˣûͨôҲġ
Ц˵
ͱջ
׷ʵ
ջһ֣ջķκ壬κΪֻҪȥǾͲ׼䣬ԭĳޣɱֻ֮ҪջԷǰҲ׼κ˺ľٶһ涨ǿǼΪҪġ
Ц˵
ջ׼䣬һ㣬֮У˵˾֪ǹأأѪ͵ģѱء
ջʲô
ٴѯʵ
ջȻǳԷס޵ĵطȻԵĺסģɶͨҲѰĶֻҪǽȥסһϣȻʲôˣʲô֪
оȻ¶һǿҵܸܵõȫǷġ
ŶгԵġ
۾һһԵģңпܻͬһ㣬жʱ̲סһ˿Ȥ˵ڵϸڷһǿҵĿڳԵģûжĿ֮
ʳȤ֮һ˵һȤ
ȻгԵģֻҪջгһ٣ǼֱǶʮ궼Ը⣬֪˼ԴҪȥһ١Ψһһ㲻ãǣʵ̫ˡ
ѾʼſˮȻƺڰлζ
˼֪ջҪǰһ˿ǿҵȤԥѯʵ
ҪǰףֻҪƾͿԣƾƣԽջңƣֻһԵƷֻʹһΣ´ξͱµơһöƣǰ
ЦǺǵָŵ̯ϵһơ
Ǻڰɫһڣһף֯ϵ棬ֳһڰ׿ջͼ滹дջ֡
Ȼǽջƾ֤
ûƾ֤ǽȥġ
ҲҪǮߺ΢΢ü˵
ܿȻǰʲôջʮֵĸȤ
ǣˣǮɲǸҵģǸջģջίǳ۵ģ棬ҲǴ׬ɶѡ
ЦǺǵ˵öƣǧöҡۡ
ǧö⿴࣬ʵҲСĿң֮ǽջƾ֤ѣһԵģջ˵ʣƾҪ٣Ǿж٣ʱȫޱһ
Ҳɰ૵ջǻ׬Ǯװǡ
ãҪˡ
Ҳûгɣ־ͽջôҪȥһġʲô֮
ûǰ
Ǽڹι
УʴʵǮȥȻлüջ񣬱磬ڹеõһףĻȪףڻȪӱߣ̺ǿ֮ڹԣŲ˼ĺôϧҪֵĻֻڻȪӱߣطû취֡
һȪӡ
ҪȻ
ԴˣҲϨֵ뷨ֱӹһȪףףСٻ˵ǾѵĲƷһԹ١
ʱ䣬·ʧȥ塣
֪ȥãĹߣʼնʱһ˸оʱš

ˢ
֮أһܿһ紵кɫƮʹ졣âһӰϢĳ֡
пջ
ߺ̧ۿǰ棬һĨɫ
ȻԿһջǰջϸȥٲȻһԺڰɫΪ壬ȴֻȻɣȻȻģ֮ڳſջл۹ȥ
߰ɣȥջ˵ҿȲҪջĳյô
Ц˵
Ѿﵽ˾磬ôܲסԼ졣Ҫȥ涼ˡߺЩŹֵĿУ˵
û취ԣȤ밮á
еȻ˵
ͬʱѾʼǰȥ0ջ
Կջǰֻ׵ɢĵƹ⣬ٲȻǰɫҰײҰ׵ġںڰУЩˡ
ջ
ջǰ̧ۿȥһĨɫ
򵥵ĸֳϣӳУд𺳣УȻ̺ǿϡ


1057 ʳ
ϲ֮ͨǷ·濴˼ڤ磬ڰڽáԵ쳣䣬ƺҪ񶼳ȥĴִʵ̫ǿңǿҵתʱ̲סһ亹
Ȼϻûа취ȥ;ۣΪ֮ĸ֮ټϺѹ˿ûܵӰ졣
ֻǣҲܸоջĲ
ͨջһ챦
ջ챦Ȼɣ覴áǰſջһ챦ջֻǣԲͬӵеҲͬ
߰ɣҲȥջʲôһġ
ЦŶߺ˵
ߺûлشֻ΢΢ͷ
Ҳûгɣ̧ž̤˽ȥܿջǰĿ˿ɲƾ֤ȻջСĿҲ٣ܹƾ֤Ҳ١
ֻǣһⶼһ㵭ĺɫ󲿷ֶˣԵЩأСƺ޼ɵڵչ¶òȻǲʵףδ֪
ջͬǹеһ֡
Щ¶ò˵Укܶ࣬һͲǷס磬һʬһЩĿħܸܵɢɷȻմȾѪң١ࡣ
̤ջ֮УʱҰȻʣ澹Ȼж졣棬ȫܱȣǬ
ڷһΣ¥־Ų㣬Ȼųʳĵطϣס֮أ¥ܿһݺ޴ױ¡
ɴ棬ջ¶ѩ׼塣¥ŮӣȴԵȶޣЦȴף˷С
ŮŮħŮջǳ
ĿãҲɰһĨɫ
ЩŮӣûʲôƫչǿȡҲûʲôָġ
ܿĳЩŮӸĶˣνǧһ̬ǧͬһζ
ڣҲܿ¥ЩŮһ̸ȻȻЯȥȥʲôǾԡ
ޣ
ߺ󿴵΢΢üһ
ҪңпɲѷɫǾ͵ҰҲѰ飬ߺȴʼսԺãҪ巢ļڣҲзϵҲֻЩüѡ
͹٣ӭλ͹ǰջڿջУԷϢ¥з䣬ʳң԰ȫгһˣֻҪ˿ջǾͰȫˡңǿջжĴ⿳ľƲ˶ϵȵʳ֪͹費Ҫ
һСĻѾЦǺǵ˹ȥк
Ŷ֪ǿջʲôֵƲˡ
ƽĵͷѯʵ
ǰջĿľΪƷһʳǲζס
Ǻǣջǿ磬ֶĴÿһʱ䣬ƳĴͬԣǿջеʳǧ򻯡Ȼλ͹ٿиˣƳʳ񡣡
գգ۾ЦǺǵ˵
ʳʲôĳӸԳʳ񣿿һ˵ãտס
۾һ˵
ȻʳĳգջԼĳʦУһλÿһʳǾ֪öΪ֮ߡǼ۸Ϲ˵㡣
ЦǺǵ˵˵ʳͬ¶̲ס͵͵ſˮ
һ¥Ͷ¥ء
ѯʵ
Ц˵ջУǽʦΪŸȽףֱһǳʦǳʦٵǳʦУһΪؼʦĵΪɣǵǣʳڿջУһȽ׵ؼʦ⿳ʳҩţֻܳһ¥¥ǳ⿵ļȲ֣ܳ¥ΨʳһĳʦſԽ⿵Ĳͽȥ
֪ƷףʮɭϡǲԽġ
ʦΨһģǷ⿳ʳ⿲Ǿ͹Թվһȥƴ湦ûˮƽһȾͺŪ٣ǲܵ¡
˭˭һĺܡ
ﾹȻʦֳƷףһ㵹иоһ档
ؼʦɣʳôֵġ
ߺҲѯһ䡣
ҪΪؼʦһ㣬⿳ʳҪܷ⡣ᷢʳؼʦż⿳ǾһؼʦɣǾ⿳ʳᷢ⣬ңܾиָ⹦Чͬҩһ㣬ܶ棬ʳǿʳƿʳ֮񡣡
һݵ˵
ʳĿƿθڣƿҪޣЦЦʳбرһҪء
Ҳ
ǽڵǿߡ
κһżգܴﵽֲΣǾĵ
ᷢʳﾹȻֻؼʦҪ󣬹Ȼ˼֪дﵽǳʦԺпתͷȴֱ˵Ұ¥⣬˵
ȻˣǺʣҪԾҪõģʳ⿳ζȡǲǲС
ϣ͹¥롣
ǱߵЦȫɢﻹ֪˺͡Ҫ֪¥ԷǼ۸񣬿ɲһܹܵġÿһʳǶǼֵǧ
˳Ż¥¥һ֮䣬м໥Щ綼̺ƣֻҪԸ⣬γɽ磬˵ʲôʲôı֤˽徻
ƷʳȻҪһ徻ŵĻ
һżºǻóһס
͹٣ǿջ¥ʳĲףκβԵ㡣۸ҲСˡ
óһ൱ᣬ󣬿ԿҳУֳһͼζȣɫζȫˮ˵ǸͲǲˣһݷݽƷ
ͺñһ㣬Ө񣬿߱㣬Ƿһ˿覴áһۿȥ͸û𡣵ʵⲻ㣬Ը߳ܶɡĵ񹤣Ѿڵȫľ̻
һʳȻԾš
۸һ㣬Ȼעţ۸ǧö
ļ۸ô£ʲô
пļ۸񣬿ѯʵûбעžʲôΪ֧
ǧöǧöңֵһ
Ȼǲһġ
͹٣ļ۸õԸ飬һݣǧöԸ顣
ٻش
Ը飬ȻջκεһֻңԸɲ˭ܵõģÿһöֵǷ;õԸģǶͬСɡ


1058 ̫ 
ǧöԸ㣬¥ļ۸񣬿ۣۣһݼ򵥵Ĳ˵񣬾ȻҪǧöԸ飬ƳңһöɫԸͿһöңǧöǾʮöңʲôһʳۣεȵĲ˼顣
еԣ˿Ҳɵ΢΢鴤
ĲһĹ
ԸûУС㿴ܲ
һ˳ѯʵ
ҪԸˣǼֱѪԼ۱ȫԵȡңǿ޴λգٴݱңָģԸ飬ǲģһˣͲٻָ߶ԱȣֻɵӲŻ᲻֪һ֡ңǾ׬ˣԸ飬ǿ
򲻵ѣǲԸ֧ġ
Ը齻ףһּ˷ѡ
ң
Ŀãдһ˿棬Ȼʶֻҡ
ң½УΪһֻңңֳҵļֵЩǴͨңнףҴɢ磬ܶڵõ᲻ƽĽס
Ҳܱͨ
ڹʹҵģвǵһȻҲһ
Ȼֻ֧ڹҲϲңҸ½ͬӵƣԸ֮ĶһҪﵽʮһʮöҶһһöԸ飬ԸĻڿջУʱҽн֧
˵
ջ˵ǹеĶһ۸
һʮԣ
΢ͷʾӦ
Ըңһһ˵ֵӣȻҲǱȻϾҿɲֻԸ飬йǾʯȵȣټеıл֮ͨһͬƣұ;һ
УĸӼֵ
ȻҲΪҵԸ֮ıֻԼ֪˶˽⣬ץסԴͷŸš
ȻҲеõ档
ߺûв죬Ǵ֮Ϊȱҡ
ãԾţѰʮҹпڵʳ󽫲˵ݵߺǰҲϼݡ
ѵã´λ֪ʲôʱлƷʳ
ǰ£ԧڡ
ߺҲһ۲ףֱӵˡ
ϣС͸ǰȥˣԵƬ̣ǵʳ͵
˵
ѵõĴ˿ͣЩǲУ۸ǰéĲôܴ׬һʡȻǸ˲ѡ
ʱԱߣһУһɫװ磬ϱһֻڶǹһ˿Ȥζվֱ߽ڵż䡣
ٶȻߺ̧ۿ˹
ȴûֱӿ˵ֻǾţƺҪҪʲô
ʣ𡣡ӿ˵
ѾˣʣǷȥпѾµӰƽ˵
ǺǣЦʶһ£ҽѵÿλȤˣ˳һġȤĿе˫۾ر𡣡
䣬˫Ŀȴֱӿе۾ƺܿ۾еĲһ

ζĿһҵ۾ġ
Ȼ֪۾ģҪСģ˫۾ҪǱ֪ܶǿǻᷢġЦЦ˵
Щᷢ˵УǷ㣬ڶл˵
Ȼ۾ҿɲҪǹҪˣɲҡιΪ죬˳
Ц˵
ʲô
Ȥѯʵ
ӡ⣬ɶˣԣ½ԭȱӡһЩħ֣ȫܳˣħνЩǹܡЩֵúףڻûа취ȥ㲻ͬ˫۾Ǵ󲿷ĿǡҪԸΪ˼Իȡٺ»ܵõ¡ôûȤ
Ц˵
ۣǶڴ󲿷ֹĿƣʮǿǾ׾ͻᱻѹҪܳΪ˼ʣȻѹ󲿷Ϊѹܻȡ£ĺ£ţû˭ܾܾ
Ҿܾ
΢΢ҡͷ˵
ΪĹʲô˭Ǵ֮˳֮˳֮ôȥһССĹ޿ܡ
Ϊ˳֮·Ͳ¡
򣬾ͻ
ȥ浱ɵô
Ҳ֪еݣ򣬾ԲῪ˵Ļ
ȻҲû뵽лܾϾ˼飬ѵõңܹõĺô޷ʮ־ˡȫԽ䣬ôԴΪɳ
ðɣȻӦˡ¥Էģ϶ҷ񣬼ȻˣмͿûȤˡҲûǿ󣬷㲻ɣе˸ɣ˼ְǼΪ֡һ֪ʿ֮͡
Ŷʲô˵
ʱһ˿Ȥѯʵ
ٺ٣㿴֪
Ҳûֱ˵óһֻϻ
ϻеƽƺĳֽơ
ּ䣬ϻ򿪡
ʱĶȻǰ
һϻУװһɫҺ壬ɢŨҺУȻһֻԲε򣬻һһƺ㣬
ǧʯ飬̫꣡
ڿһɲǣ̲סſڷһ
вһĨ⡣
̫ꡣֻ֥̫ɲ򵥣Ǳһʯʯϵġ̫ͨ꣬档
˵
ֳ̫֥꣬ʱ䡶ݸĿ֥롰ˡ֥࣬ʳáҩΪƷЧΪʳϣɡ
ݡũݾأ֥޶С澫ǻۣнᣬ÷ϡɽ֮ν⡱⡱̫ꡱ⡱˹Ŵȡ̫ʮϡУǰҩеƷе伮أ̫ƽ࣬޶вƢΣεȼֵ
ڶҸڡӡмأ֥ĩˮϡ
֪̫֮εȾˡ
֥֮ͨ˲Σ֪Ҫٱؼǣϡ٣޷ϡ١
ͨУ̫Ųꡣ
֮ഫ˵̫ɫʡ
ǰ꣬ӷǷΪһ꣬Ȼֳһɫ·Ѫ⣬һ㣬ʮء


1059 ħ
̫̫꣬еһ֡
̫겻̫е־͸ӵѵãӵϡ󣬾Ϊ̫꣬в˼ΰܹ÷ߣı仯
ǰ꣬ˡ
ѿ֪ӫ󡣡
ٴ˵
Ȼ֪ӫģӫѡӫӫϷƬһ漴ǰ̫꣬ѵ̫ӫʯƬġ
ˣֱ̫Ǿ춯أҪƽܡ
ѹȻȻҲȷǲӫǣмļǣö̫꣬ǵӫģ׹ʱм񵽵ģȻǲǣҲ޷ȫ϶
Ц˵
ǰĵѲúưЩ飬ֻһɵĿܣֵᵱ
ӫ׹䣬ľǣ֣̫꣬ںܶУҲвζЩһԲ˼Ļѧá
ʱߺ̫ĿⶼýȻͬ
̫꣬ǻģһ⣬ֻҪʱ䣬㹻ݣҪ˶ãͻ³˵ֻҪһԵĽ̫ɣȫԴԴϵĻȡ̫⡣
ı޼֮
̫ıΪβԼãҪۡ
ζѯʵ
̫ı˭һԣڵõ󣬳©Ϣ򣬶ƴţ±֪ǵɵ̣ԼãıģҪǵõײóǱ
̫Ȼãֻûʲô̫ôˣǱȡһЩԴ챦Ļá
Ц˵
ĵʵҲǲãкܴǴӫƬģ˭֪Ҫǳˣ᲻ֻⲻȷĶȡ裬ȫһáֻ̫꣬ҪƷʲôɲȥ
Ŷ˼ҪȡԼҪı
̧ۿٴȷϵ
̫꣬ȤֻҪ۸ʣҲûʲôС
Ҫһʺõ챦ǻԱı
΢󣬿˵
˭ֻлţδţҪҪȻʵٸߣ⣬ҲǱɡȻҪһԻı
мѡһԸ⣬ͻԸ⣬Ǿ͵ѡ
׵ͷһâһѾּ
ֱһһ¯һս¡
ϣܸܵһ챦ĶϢ
챦֪ܷһ¡Ҳ¶һ˿ȣ챦ɲǴײˣһóǷͬһ㡣
Ϊһ壬пԸѹУħ
¯Ϊ¯ܹѹΪ޼Ƴɹ󣬿ΪСǶԹԣѵõıꡣ
սΪս¡ս£ǿңսϡ챦ƷףӵвɱĿܡ
п˵ǰܡ
˵ÿһžǿǱҪɱ䵽һ̶ȣȻչ¶ǷѵõľƷ
öȻǺö
Ҳɰ̾챦ϴ棬ǼȻÿһԵüΪϲ
ҲûֹֻǾš
ܲ챦ѡ̫ӦԵֵϲŶԡ
˵˵ʵڣҪиоԼ̫껻һԾǱȽϳԿˡҪȡĻǾˡ
У̫ѵã챦ͬǴײˣ洦ɼ챦ңܲϵ챦Ǿδ֪챦޹ؽҪؼáԣܵȼۡһһȻһ챦޷̫ҿԴۡܲ۶٣ҽֲ
ƽҡҡͷ˵
챦Ͳʲôͨǿɱ鱦̥ԺղϳɳͬǾʺġϣҪȥʲôƣͬɳ

Ĭ͵һеõ챦֪ǷȤ
˵ţóһֻɫħǾһħз飬ֻǣ潻Ĺģ֪ħͨħͨɢһɫʡ
ʲô
пħѯʵ
ʲôҲħԽƷϽкϳɡͭʯŽȥԺϳɳͭöͬĵҩԺϳɳƷʸߵĵҩ
ǰħ֪ǲǴУƺݳһּΪηЫĿ⡣ȻĿ⼫ΪޣϸͲ
ϳɣںϿ˷ħȻֳܾ
ڿħټĽܺ󣬺ԥ̽һħȻһںϿ˷ſħǴֱǰһϷĵһ
ԺϳɸָƷϣʯĵȵȣħ̺ԺϳһСǿ֪֮
пһ켶챦
˵ģͨĲϣͨϳɣȴݱϡıġǺεȵ졣
Ժи˲뵽ܴӡԿٴӡֻǣӡƷ˾ƷǱ׼ͨƷʣħԺϳɣͨƷϳɳΪƷʸߣǿıһӵ켶
ܴӡЩ꣬˵ǴһûܴӡûĴӲܷչѸ١
Ψһȱݶпֲϡ
У˿඼ɵľԺкԥһǿҵռ
һӻôǱӵġ
˿ȴһҧгݣ޲ýħˡʹֻ࣬Լ֪ҪΪӵ⣬̫꣬ûдóʵһ
ȻЩҲֻԺпɲ˵֡
ӻȡһȻٺò顣
ԣһһ֮ҽֲ
׵ͷʾӦ⼸챦ʺϹʹãԼĻҲòϣ绻ȡõıˣܽ滯
ǺãҪս¡
ϵ˵
һ壬ңǱ޴ս¸ս¯ȣȻӺʡ


1060 ɹ
Ҳ̾ѡȷʵǣѡҲ϶ѡ¯Ȼ޼ǿɲһֻֻģҪķѴ꣬ǹҪԹ»ǵ鷳
ȣȨףȻѡδô챦
ãȻˣҿԴٲʮöң֪Ρн¯漴ٴ˵
̫ļֵͬСɣȻҲԲۣݿɲͬѣԵóȥٶ࣬綼صУͨ
ʮöңãĳɾͲˡ
¶һĨϲɫҲûоܾ
ĿҪ׿ˣǮڴﻹƵģԥľʹӦʮöң˵һʺơöǺûҡ

һööˮϣǽӲӵĹâ۾ڷŹ⣬ײڶУôöô
붼룬óѸٽǰ
һգһ߻ܿǱųЦݡ
ˣ̫ҪԵĻҪСĽⶫȷʵЩа
ɽ׺󣬿һ̫꣬ٴοѵ
һעġ
еͷӦ
һ£Ϣ½һ춯صĴѣ¾ɵĽ棬ǰڰʱ̣ϣǿԶ׼εѣǰδеģķΧûκ˿Ա⣬˭⡣
ٴ˵һϢ
ѣ֪ʲôѡ
пٿѯʵ
֮һδ٣׼ܲдϣټĻᡣҡҡͷ˵ȻõϢҲֻô࣬ʲôѣ޴Ԥ֪֮ʲôпܷʲôпܳ֡
˵ЩɫЩȻת뿪
ȻǽӴ̫á
һߣһ߰૵οɲܹңһֽǮһֽԴģԺǿӻҲҪңʵҲӵĲҲ̶áٽǶϣ׿㶼Ҫӵˡ
˵ʵڣܿһ˿Ե֮С·һӶһĪİһ㡣ɡ
뿪ߺһУôоڶ˼ĪǸոյĽй̫겻Ǽٵİɡ
̫ģǼ챦Ҳģֻпܴĳֲһĵطƽ˵һ̫ħһ䡣ͽֱ̫սڣͽС
һͽУʱͿֱ̫ӳľ£һСˮݣȻһˮǲǱģľ۳֮ˮ
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ͬʱ̫Ҳɢһ뵽ľУʱľȻȻٴαһڡҩ֮䣬ͻ档
ⶫлûأԣҲһС顣
ħܺϳɸƷ죬̺컯Ǿͽ컯ħϣĿԸң˫컯
аԳ
漴óս
ס컯ħʱһȻȻħϵܸܵħУȻһСռ䣬컯ħħģ͡ЩСռ䣬ħڵķռ䡣
һ˵
ûгɣٽͬķս˽ȥǽɫƼ׼
ϳɣ
аԷһϺȡ
ţͿ컯ħ˸ŰɫĹâһħ֮Уܿħһ鷽ڲϱá·εڲЩ顣
̣ͳ׽
ˢ
ħйâһ
ţͿԿǰһѡ촷һķĩ
ʧˡ
пɰһͷ
֪ǺϳʧˣңԭķսҲŷ飬һѷĩҶʣ¡
ϳʧܣζų𻵡
ʣʧܣǾʲôòˣսòôĲпᡣ
ħϳɵļʲǰٷ֮٣޷աֻ֪һ㣬ԲŻҴææ뿪ߺ󿴵ζ˵
κ鶼гɹʧܵĿܡϳҲˣûаٷ֮ٵ顣ɹǶ٣Ҳ̽вûио⡣
Ҫǰٷ֮٣컯ħԲͨ챦ԻȡģӲ˼򵥵ó¼û˭ɵӣȻǶ٣ϸ
ûԥٴóһѷս¿ʼϳ
ڶκϳɣʧܣ
ɫɣ⡣
κϳɣʧܣ

תۼ䣬͵ʮΣʮΣȴʧܣһ㣬Ѿĵװһ
оԼˡ
ɹʾȻô͡
ʵ̫ͣУ˿Ҳǰͷʹɹ̫ͣʣʹģһǰľ޴⡣ģ˭ܳܵ
ûͣڼ
ʮκϳɡ
ʧܣ
ɹˡ
вûб̫ϣ£ħâһֻǣγֵģǷĩһɫķս
Ƽ׼Ʒʱ֮ǰ˵Ȼǿô࣬ԭȵʮ֮׹սѷɫпܻǿһ˿
иƼ׼̺ķ֮սԭȸӼǿаһ˿𺳣սκδڷླ֮µʿž޴ɱ˵ǼΪġƼ׼ķâӵİԵӷ
ȻԺϳɣңǿֻ֮࣬ǷսҪءҪǲͬս֮ĺϳء
Ժпһͷ
ٴοʼ
ĺϳɣеɫҲʼЩѿ
ɹļֻаٷ֮һٴУȻֻɹΡ
иоеۣ̫ˣ͵˷Ĳûʲô⻹ͨĲϣҪЩϡϳ£Ǽаٷ֮ʮߵĿܻ𣬻ΪƬΪ촷ۡҪһЩϡĵĻ
ʧһΣʹĻʹȥ
ѹܵô졣
ߺ󿴵ҲɫŹֵĿС
ӦҲǱˣп֮ǰһ⵰пЦҡҡͷ
ٷ̫֮ˡ
⼸ܷ
ߺ󿪿ѯʵ
Ҫ޷ⶫǸӣԶž޿ӡ
Ӧа취컯ħֻǻƽһƷƷף˵ӳɹʡ΢
Ҫ컯ħҪʲôһ㣬ɲҪҲʣ컯ħļֵٴδ
ЩвҪ컯ħƷףڱ˵ѣɶ˵ȴټ򵥲


1061 Ϊ
жԣ򵥵ķȻУΪرԴֱ֮ӴȻȻÿһﵽ֮ӦĲΡ
Ѿﵽʮ㣬ʱʮء컯ħ뱦ٵء
Ժпһͷ
һ䣬е컯ħѾʧ
ٴγʱѾڣȻȻһ
ˢ
컯ħΪһɫ⣬ֱС
¡¡
컯ħǹڿٵУȻƲֻħֱӱܻ磬ڻػˮ硣ݱأٳһƬռ䡣
̲죬ǣ֮ٶȺ컯ħƽϢʱԿһΣ컯ħֻٳʮĶռ䡣ռСҲһڿռ䡣
ˢ
ڿռĿ٣ڵĺȻȻһǣһ
ڶʮ߲㣡
ٳĿռȽСûйϵ뵽к˲䣬ʮСǧѾʼռ䣬ۿɼٶȷǣÿ䣬ÿռıԵΪ˵ľ롣
Բһ
Բһǧ

֪УѾͻƶռ䣬Сǧ磬ңڷţﵽԲĴССǧĴСȫһ¡
ʱռǳĵ£ÿʱỵ̈ڿռ䶼ţڳɳȻ˼ڿռ䣬ɽڿռĴСάڷԲľ˵ز
ڿռͻƣرԴĴ£컯ħɢİɫâ
컯ħף
ףңرԴ£컯ħԲǸոսףǴﵽߵĲΡ
ˢ
һ䣬ֻ컯ħٴγǰ
һˡ
ߺ󿴵ϲһĨ֮ɫ̶һ˲䣬컯ħɢϢǸֵķģøӸ¡һ۾ܿв
ҲǰԾɲողգ֮飬Ȼͳ˴ı仯Դ޷뵽ʲô취һ㡣
һԡ
һνս컯ħС
һΣʧܣ
ڶΣɹ
Σʧܣ

һٴʱȻɹʴϺϳɳɹ۳Ʒʸߵķս
ɹʾȻﵽʮ֮ĵĵزƽ׾ƷһƷȻٷ֮ҵĳɹʡƽ׾Ʒټסɹʵ֮£ȻԴﵽֵز
аԴϲ
κϳɣɹֱӷɱ䡣
ʮУĴγɹ٣ܱ֤εĳɹʣ֮ǰİٷ֮ɹȣֱһһ£֮ǰԶž޿ӣڲ㹻ĿܱΪʮ֮ģּʣȫڿԽܵķΧ֮ڡ
Ʒʲһ۸ʮıǡԽƷ׸ߣֵԽӵľˡ
˵ֻҪĺã컯ħԲ
Ȼǻƽ׵ĻʣѪ׿㶼Ҫ⡣
ȻҪ֪컯ħɱ˸ߵĳɹʣֻ»ᵱҿ鶹ײǾǸӻУһӾͱ׬Ǯı
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ָоԲ̫á
аϲǵõһԴžıΣһֵص顣
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ߺҲһĬȻĿ컯ħӿӻ׬ǮıҲɶееһ档
ҲûпѯʡЩÿڵľͲҪڡ
˵ģȻ˵
ˣ
ʱһŲңŲֹһˡ
͹٣ľƲѾˡ
̧ۿȥȻѾͬʱ󣬺ȻԿһȺŮŮһֻֻ̣ÿһֻ϶һֻס
žžž
֣ЩŮɴĽƲ˷ŵǰڷϡһʳһ¾Ѿȫˡ
ÿһֻڵĻָڵס
ֶһ㣬õǺīʯ죬ԸԪǸ̽飬ʮ죬ûнҿ֮ǰ˭ûκΰ취̽鵽澿ʲô
ãƷһ£ʳ⿳ʳжôĲǷĿԵʳĳƺš
׵ͷĿѾȫЩʳϣѾڴ
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ˢ
һŮ΢Цǰ֣ȻȻĽһָֻ
⣡
һƬŨµĹâܿܵĿռ䣬ȫâǣÿһռ䡣âۣԡڹâ֮£ȻȻģĶһĪãͺǶʱԡ̫֮һһϲõ顣
ϲȫĵġ
ңڹâУƺԿһڵζͨ嶼ɢһֶصԡܸܵĿ֣ǰ棬һţڿźʱɢǿҵĿ뼤
ڶβûκγɣҪŷҪԾš
ǹУ裬һ·嵽ǰһԾֱӳţڳŵһɲǣɢɽһ㡣жŵϣδĿԾŵϲáǸޱȣԡڹâУѾͬܡ
ԾŵϲãһɲǼ䣬޷Ŵ󣬶飬һĪϴӡ
һԾţһλʳ񡣾ȻɢĹâáȻһ
ߺ󻺻תж¶֮ɫ
ŵһŨϢһ£ûʵǼΪѵá
Ǻǣλ͹ǹͣǷʳ⿳ʳɲ˭ƷõġʳҪȳԣȳһˣᵽʳĳա
Ц˵ңƷҲʳ˵ˣκʳпܣҪΪ꣬ȡʳ󣬲κζʳĿڸвӰζ
˵ţԱߵŮѾꡣƷǾס
ã
׵ͷŵζڵʳϸѾֵסˡڷĴݳָо޷ܡ
ûԥӣǰʳ
ԾţУȻܿһҪԾ𣬾ȫÿһƬ۶覡
棬סβɾͼһ飬Щ֮ǰͱкãָֻҪסͿ׼⣬Ө͸˲졣
˱Ƕ롣
Сһȥʱһ޷ݵдζɢϸ·ڱըͬһ㣬ڽΡɣǡ
ңۣζչֳ


1062 
ⲻ㡣ȴ֭ûв´ԾŵģӦܲܲԾտµĵ̳һ㡣ܲе֮ζȴǰ㶼ü١ܲںһܲĶ֭нԭζƫƫһۼȴ뵽ʳС̻֮Ȼɣ˼飬ǲ˼顣
û㣬ȥܳԳζʵģңпԿ϶ȷʵζٶûУ൱ˡ
ڱ濴һʳ񡣺κϣȴɫζȫңʳУ̺һ־һԣȫǰ⿲ġ
ò˵ʳֶΣȻͬСɡ
ߺͬһ飬ģݳ֮У˵һ仰ݣǾǸͣ
˲ǰʳ
иͣ
ڼеζȫ뵽ζ֮С
ʳڣڵʳϸʱͺǿʳѣ˷ܵſëס
ʳϸҲһ̿ʼһɹԪȻȻûڣȫʳУģı仯ԪϷ仯ԪԴԴϵѪСԪУȻȻš
Ѿﵽһٶʼϱ
һǧ
ǧ

һ
ͬʱʳ̺Ҳ
ƺЩ⿵ĲϣͨǱѰ̺ŷḻӪ
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ûиоʳϸ
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ӵǾˣѪÿʱÿ̶ǿ

һĶڷΪһϵѪдУͽѪдԭ޷飬ޡ
ȻԿڣ𱦶֣һڶһ׶һɫıƾ۳ÿһ𱦶УŰѪ϶ѪдٲˢѪ⡣ÿһڱУкѪڷЩѪȻǽɫġһת
ܿڶһѹķ׶УţħءڳඦУȻԿһɷѪɫޱڡܱжںޡʬɽѪڸ֡
ȻȻһɶص֮ԴԴѪУѪµƣ
Ȼתѡ幦޲֮ңڡתͳ£ԭȵ幦ںһ
ܿھת¡
ڶеĽγɵķϣԴԴϵĳ֮֫ȥֱۻ˫ţ֮ܿǷ׶еĴţħγɵķϣԴԴϳеƢȥܸܵƢϵƽϷ£ߵԽӵĺأɢϢƺѾּ᲻ɴݵĸо
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֪УһԾų׽кߺĶӡ
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ﵽһٶʮľ˸߶ȡ
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ЦǺǵ˵
ͺñΣȡ֮ܲУܲûͷ̲˵ܾζӪ˵ʵڣֱ컯һֶΡ
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1063 ඦ ع
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еϣҲԼҪǲӦĻʹǿӲֶΣҪŪһ˭涼ÿʲôѡ񣬽Ǹı䲻ˣȻˣֺαֵղĵز
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ֻҪɵӣͿ϶֪߹ͥУжд̡һǰȻԴݻ߹ȵĿ


1064 Ѫ
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һˣֱӸǴһõʱҲֻܸһۣҲûֳʲôԺ𣬹Ķǵ飬ߺѾк󣬶ʱչмӣ̲ӪƷϵ͵߹С
߿˵˶ϡ٣ֻһ˴ĻҵȻԽԽãͬҲܱø֡
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ÿвι԰֣ǰٻȪȪڳι䣬


1065 
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Щýģ֮ǰԥȵ´δʱǳǷȻУڵʵûжѪ¼ʱЩʵǱĬ£Ѿ׸ͬˣɳڣկչ׳Ļᡣ
һ֮еҰģԴֻܳϨ𡣴ǰ޿ɿܡ赲
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ô죬ҪȻѰɡͬΪ壬һԮġ
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ңõϢȻ裬ԵüΪš
Ϊѣƾʵ̣ӦԣӴһȻһӴ˵ңǶ᲻ԼġΪֹ˼ɣңԴ׿Ǽɵ֡
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Σڴп˵ǽܹĵ׼Ӧ衣
֪УʱѾԽ෢ʾʮ졣
峿̫ոտʼ𣬵һƹâƺڰʱ
ͻȻ䣬һֳƵ׵Ŀʼ·ǽڿ񱼣ַ·ʲôµѣֲ˻
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1067 ɽ
󲿷岿ڵõϢȻǰŰɣе׼еģϾһ򣬾һûȻãҪķأ˵Щ׼ܾһڸо仯ɫͬʱ׷׿ʼӦ
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ʲôڿɲ޸֮ƽͷգʿǿŽһģȻ԰Ȼȹѡ
һɳУ𵴣ȻѾоʾѣûз֮ǰ˭жһͷ
ڵı仯еһ׻ΪС
Ҳû˿Ľҡ
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еģֱϳǽ׼վڳǽϣ۹ۿʲôѡۿһôĵġ
кܶ࣬ԴӳΪʿӵеĵȻȻľͱøӵǿҪǰûж˸ҵϳǽȥۿ
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л˵
ڵĵ𼶱Ҫ˵ѾȫԽνľżʮؼǣ̺֮ǻԵĸڡ
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ܿ׸ɳǣ׷ɢ⣬ɳǵשɢɫı⣬ؽͬʱһεѹѹסеĿ񱩡ʼȹ̡
ܿɳڵвҡΣȴʼûгֳ忪ѣǽĻ档
ҡεʼûɳǣɳڣԲʮѹֻ΢Ŀѣûûеػ緢
Ѿһ漣
ˣڻҰУ岿䣬˿ֱ̼ǳ뵽־֮С
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һţͷ˻ڲ䣬ڲ룬ȻԿһ޴ţͷ˵񡣹϶أţͷƴڵϿͷ


1068 
ˣֵͼڱ㲿ƽɹ֡
˱ӣ
㲿ţͷ˴ϵ·׷ߵݷźܿͼǰڷŴļƷΪ˵õıӡ
岿мͼڵĴͳͼڣǼ顣ͼУ̺ǼݵĲ֮顣ǾһֲԸ
崫˵еȥڲִ᷵ز䣬뵽ͼ֮УΪһ֣һɳͼڽܲ乩룬Գ棬ǲϱǿ飬ÿһ岿֮һ
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ڼ£ʱͿӴбƲӲ棬ңѵѷ죬Ҳͬ棬޷Բ˺緢ĵػ𱻹赲
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ҲоˡڵԹעɳ֮СǰôԡȴԡĪĸı䡣
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ңڿк󣬰е˲ᶨ
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пֻһǰ׶ѣѣԲʹ˽Ǹոտʼ
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1069 
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Ĳ𲨳ʧط췭ظı仯
ȻԿԭȱһɽĵطѿϿȣмһ޴ѷ죬һ죬Ƶʯɢĵǡ
Ҳܿԭïܵɽ֣һӾͱһƬƣ飬ЩֱӸı˵òƾճһ޴ĺ
ҲбɽȣΪ£ֱӰεض𣬻ΪһɸߵĴɽеĵطֱӱһ޴ĺָĵƱ仯췭ظȫڸ컻һ㣬Ŀãֲ׺ɣĸд
ֻǣⲢܸı֮󣬵Ƿ棬ʬǶѻɽ
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ŵ𲨽ɢƳ
ǻ棬̫£һûпġ
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ˢ
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ִҪǳʤǼᶨ¶ҪҲˡ
λֵܽǣҪޣҪ£Ѿȥˣԭȵļ԰ɷ棬ҲһҪڷ½ǵļҡһԳɹһԲٺκǿСѹȥˣǻšΪȥͬǸӦûţõĻš
ʤ췢źֺ

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ųǺȻԿ渡ֳ׭Գǣ
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һװ̤ڹųϣϴһĨأĻ棬оһͷʹ
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˭ǵһǸȨҪǲһУµõµδؾ𲢷ûлᡣҪĻ˵ʷܳ׸ģ췭ظı仯ܣӹɵġ
΢΢ҡͷ֮ǰѾӫģʱû̫⣬û뵽Ļᵽһɣѻûг׹ȥӦֻһǰ׶ѡӦѣҪ׼
вֹۣûд鷳Ĵֲή١

ΪʲôҵǣȻȻڶ̶ʱھͱɷ棬ѵүľʾϧҵĵ̰ûˣȫûˡ
УųвƵĻ棬¶һ˿Σһ˿ʣŬһ֣ͱٵ롣ָоζӡ
½У˵ǱȱȽǣǰΪ֮ʹĲѡ
ʵֻѵǰ׶ѡ
ѣԵһǴݻһз羰صأĵûκ˿֯


1070 ־
ҵİǣΪʲôΪʲôͻȻ֡
һȻ۰վһ޳ϣڳУ̮ͬܽѡŬ裬һ̣νǳش֪ɶʧҪؽϼѡҪŬķѸԴؼǣ˵Ĵա
Щɶҵĸ
۰ԵɫҲüΪÿ
ԭȵְ֮·һγԣͬʱҲΪصģȥǽµ»ᣬǲɵĵ·ǰУصˣȨϥİġֽɽ˽еĸоڴġ
ڣһѣ֮ǰŬݻٴ롣֮֡
лҪȥִ֣֡ʵ̫ˡ
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˵Ķԣĳȥ֪ͨһ£óдæ֣ЩաЩǰǵĸ۰׵ͷȻʣ֣ûеԽġ
ϯ˭ܲ㲻
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˵ȫǵ߸Եġ
󲿷ֵĵòεĵзı䣬ǲ׺ɣڴУˣеֱӱ飬ûںף飬䣬ĳƬУеӺֱںϻΪ޴ޱȵĵ졣Ҫ˶ãֻһƬ鷱֮ܵء
Ǹ컻صһֱ䡣

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1072 ѩ
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ϧ«ٶ࣬Ҳûа취ʳ񣬺«еʳѾֶȱôȥҪ˶ãͻ˶ıҾ档ûа취£˵飬վǰͶϡĲ˵٣տеΪֹпڽԱġûʲô顣
Ȼѡǰ
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¬ĿϷ𺳣Լ䣬оԼ۾һִʹʶĽ۾ܿһ·ڴУǱ𾪹Ρʵǵ̡ȫ
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ҲЩֻװ׵İڣյʱ䡣
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1075 «
ֻ«һۿȥֳɫԵʮ죬һƷһ㣬ƺǷǴӺ«ϳġɢһֶصϢ
ܵüϣ΢ûʲôΨֻ«ں«ɽϷֵһΪ«֮ں«ˮЧһ챦Ψһȱݾǻˮٶ̫ǲǳ֮ҲҪ²۳һΡ
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ʱڼףΪ˽׻Ǵ㽫ȥ
«Ȼˮһõ챦
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Ҫ֪ˮ˵ؼˮ֮һ
ˮֱΪɫչˮɫ¹ˮɫǹˮУչˮܹĥѪ⡣¹ˮԸʴԪǡǹˮӵ̽ʶĹЧÿһ֣ǼΪ졣
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һȥҩꡣ֪Ƕô档
ഫԪɵ˲ιƵ˸ǹԳ֣ƿеľˮ£ǾˮʵˮܾȻ֪书Чεǿ
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ϳ˵УָģǼӵУ«УȻ¬ĿҲʿֻǣĽѰΪΪֹҲϾͼṳ̂룬Ͼκεطд
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ûж⹦ûгԴ¬ĿϾѾǼΪѵá
лõϳ˹еؽµսͼЩԴʣԿʱͻƣǽͼΪһǿߡ
У¬Ŀûʲôܱʵ˰ġӵҪ
Ϊ֪Щ¬ĿڲжڴĹȻʲô඼Ǽٵģֻ棬㡣
ϳ˹Ǯûа취ҵطŪõ
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Σ̺ĳԱ֮ǰһڡҲǳ׵Ľ뵽׵ϵС
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УسҲһĽʹͣǿҲʲôСĿ¡ˡȻ¬Ŀ֮ǰױйء
һȺɢȥ

ܿ죬ڳĽѾʵʩȥͫ|һصУͶЩʹӦЩʹҲŽظԵĲ䡣
ΪдԵʣٶȻԵü졣
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ΪһųС
һȺȻȻľۼһ
һͷϴڣϵˣһĨŭ֮ɫһģǰһʯͱĵķѡ
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һЩԭȲֵǮʳȻҪزȥ۸˵ףΪЩʳʲô𡣻ĵرδЩ̫ˡǰڻУͨʳҲˣöҾͿԹһٽڶﵽʲôزˡ
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û嵥ϣǼ۸һҪѪ
ףʮöһٽ
Ǹʲôֱӷʮ
ʮöңֱһ׷۸ûʲô⣬ֻ׶ѣ㲻ж׵ļ۸Ҫʲôǵɵô
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ǣֻдӵʳʳھܾܻȥʱ˵ǻƽ𶼲Ϊ׾ץסȱʳû취ֵѩֵ£Ż޼ɵۣҲ򣬲Ҳȫץסǵš
ǿ΢΢Ц˵
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Ǽ۸ٹֻҪ뱻Ǯ򣬾Ψһѡ
ңҲҪңңҪȻеսʿֹǰ˶ңңǿԴ
Ԫÿ񱩣Ѿ֣ѣңпֱܷɡ
Ļңֱӳ䵱ԴǿΪʵȻ֮ء
ô죬ǵǴӦǲӦеʳֻ֧ŵºٽʡҲֻ֧ŵһµʱ䡣ѾǼޡ
ǿ߿Ц˵
ƽʱῴЩͨʳ޾ܴ´࣬ǣ޲ˣǶ׽ʮѡΨдӴвܳȶĻʳ
ֻزȥ׹ˡ
Ȼʣ峤ҲֻܿЦ˵


1076 
ززǣزֱӻҪһңһļ۸ҲһװزǷᣬʵᣬֻЩΪõ£ѾĵرǼսǶĲϡɱˣǿ
ƻǿ
ÿΪһЩΪԽߣƷ׾ԽߣֵҲԽӵ󣬿˵ԲһزǵᣬƱǶ⣬ϵĲ֮һ֪жҪı
ƽʱⶼлȡԴĵ֮һ
ǣҲ˵оУÿһ嶼ģֻͻʱȥᣬͻƣǾûУ˵ǲ޾ġһΣ꼸ʮ궼ͻƲˣȻټõµᡣ
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Ҫ֪᲻飬ңͣͿԵɽɱС
֮ǰĻУһһöҵļ۸ȴʮҡȫڼǴļ
ʣڿּ۸£ǻôƽ侲
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ڷƢֻ֮ܽܡ
ѾɲǲܣȨȫڴУԲףҲ͵òҪʳҲòԴѾǲòӦòܡ
һ㣬õ嵥󣬲֪岿еȨ߷׷׷ŭŭ
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ЩʳʶĵĲ࣬ûū̫࣬ɻŴ󲿷֡Ϊľһ죬Ը̸ס׿ʳ۸ߣøزļ۸ѹͣԽЩյ
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Ӧǣգκһλֹһǧʳÿһ޼֮һʳѣ۾ܻȡһյδֵۣ
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ֶУ˭ʮʮʱȥȴ㷱ϢĻᡣֱһְΰݳޡÿһգһֵ̣УĶ˲šǾ͸Ӳһʳġ
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Ϊһ׼
ʵ벿Ĵ֮䣬ΨһѡģȻԣֻǷЩգȡԴ
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ϾϲͬҲϲʵ岿û㹻ʳ˵ȥһ죬ͻ
ԣȷ³̺󣬻ڵڶѾ
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У໥̸¶ûж١
ʾߣߣܵҲһʱ俪ʼǲҽʦͬʱٸˮƼݵ壬Ѿ£ºַֻ¸ͻȥǻȥԺ󶼻²
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˵ֻһΣͿȫܱ岿еȫһɨա뵽֮ڡ
һ죬岿нܵʹﵽһǧ⻹ǵһѡԴԴϵ֮С
ģȻֻΪʳнЩĴĵ̴ϾһˣͶһҪԷĿڡһ࣬ǾͼΪɹۡ
ͬʱ׵ľԱѾʼǰ׽֮оοʡ

׽֮⡣
ԽѪǡ
ڸһΪ
˵ʱպһƬƮҲôľ˽ƴ壬ٽΪҲͱ˳
Ҫ˵Ҳ㲻һճµ˵ǰо˵ĹҲһĸ٣вٵ顣ʱһʼһԭеĲ죬Ҳǽԭȵƿȫ֣ƴ壬ٷչ
֪ҲչͬʱҲչӣǵõһΪƿ챦Ԫ۳飬ʼĽ׶Σǽƿ۳飬ŵֵס޹Ϯһ·վȽŸշչ
ܣֱӽⲼóһƬ
һ޿ͻᱻըķǡ
գдۼóӵаʮʮĵزĳ̶ֳϣѾг͵ġ
֣ԭȿ˵ǽ˿ڣһȴǳصĸʳģֱǳض̶һ£Ѿʼϴˡ


1077 
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زͷʷ壬ϵôֶܼ೤ʱ䡣
֪ȿѯʵ
Ѿֲ֧˶ˣеʳټ֮ǰռʬ壬ֲֻ֧죬һ˶Уǵȫ㣬񣬾в˱ѾҪɽˮˡ
һʷǿɬҡҡͷ˵
ȷʵѾѵʱ̡
˵Ԯôڻûеʲô޳Ԯƭǰɣڵ֣ôôʳ֧ŵڵģʵԮ
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֮ǰǰһЩʳʹ߷أĲʳһӾ˵ϢԴܱڵԮ޳ʳʡ
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֪ȴ²⵽ǴӡǵĵҪȥ£ոĻࡣʱ˵ãͻɼ
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ָĲ룬˲ϢԺ
˿̣ڳⲻԶ
һ֧ѩߣֻ࣬ССһʿ
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Ϊ뿪׽ڴ֮ڣȻͨʱڵִֻ߽뿪ģ˫ȣǰٶȲ졣
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вѩڣԱ֤ԼΪ˵ٶǰС
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1078 ש
Ǹᣬ˵֪ȾпܽɳƳǣǷչ׳ܱγһֻⳡϯԭȵҰʲôΪС
ҰĻǰ֮䣬ջѡ˰ա
ԴˣëҲǰԵͷԳ֪ҲŲӡ
Ĳ˵ֻҪףǺʣһ֮λãٲġеĵʧǾͿԼôġ
ʲôҪë鲻ֻҪ˼죬򶼿Ҫ˼Ҳ̶ˡ
֪ȿЦҡҡͷë죬Ҳ𺳡ϣܸܵһɲϢһΪսԱҪǿ
ҪΪĳʵͻС
ҪСˣʱᱻ
ëΪݺҴߣݺʵɲУûĶ֡
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Ըпĵ̻ɲ⣬˾̾ԺɣֻҪԸ⣬ƾǰ֧˴ͿԽ׾ٵĨɱȫ
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ͺñǹŴЩţֻʱеʳǶѻɽĶҪùˣɾǷùˣҲûмó֣͸ա
ӲҪ˵ڵ磬ֲ֪ãʳǾأǲóġ
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ڵһʱ䣬֪ȾѾ֪ʲôǷǴеһֱֱӼ׵ɽԻ໥档ޱȡ
ϧͨѶһԣֻдвŻӵУطûа취򵽵ģǵõҲ޷ʹãҪĶӡǡҪΪ׵գлݡ
ⶫǰ֪Ҳֻ˵ĿãǵһΡ
۾Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ܱߵİգһ¶֮ɫ
ëƺҲûбܿǵ˼
ͨѶϹâһͨƣѾһֻͨѶ
һдݳ
ë飬ڸոգ«ʾԸͶѾ͵֮ϡѾӦ͡«¬ĿͶй׼ΪǣΪ«ǳƷ˼ӳֱ֣ɡõѡϳ˹Ķ͡ϸ˵ˣԸףǴ׶Ỷӭ͢ʹ͡
⻰Уһħ㣬ȻȻĳܱ߿ʼɢȥ
ã̫ˣ˵ֻͬҪԸͶǾһˡ֮УֻŽߵĸԶ«ףǾͿԽ׵ˣĽΪɳǡҴֽһɳǡ
ëԵúǸ˵˵
«ȻֱͶңܻ˶ʹͣƿغ«ǣܳΪһܻ֮ȡʹ͡
֪ȴ̲סԵһ
Ȼ˵Ĺ˿ʹͶס
ʣҲڴ׿ȻĺøУõĺôҲġʡúôģǵһзˡ
ɣ«ռˡ
ǧǣҲͬĵ
ҪǵһͶϵģǲҲܻȡĺô
֪Ժʶֳһͷ
׸ʵ̫ˣɿӸλһ룬ӵƷݵλ˼飬֪˻֮͡


1079 
ǳ֪ڴ˿̣ҲһĶһ˿ûڣ˼ҪԼһͶףǻ᲻ͬõʵʹͣӵи࣬ңʲôʱ򣬱סģǵһж˼ǵõڶ
ȫͬһʼͽ׸߲Ŀ֮¡ܽ۾
Ȼ¬ĿǼһһҲԣľǵУǰéһָģ֣ѡףѾ飬òΪ顣ǲӦֻ¶ˡ
֪ȿı飬аԿЦ
ѾĳѾԼϣǳڴϣУֵ£˭°ջȥǾܻȡġ
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ë֪ȵĻжʱһЦ֪שЧѾˡ
˶ä˵һͷףֻҪģȻȻӣΪĶѾˣǼףʣǱ֤Ψһѡ񣬳ǽԼĳԭŲƳȥԶǣ綼֮УŲƵκεطûа취ܿûд׵ĽӼãܴܲȥһ⡣
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ףδزһֺõѡ壬ҪŽУ˵ƽԭѾͥٲϣ˵֮־ǰ
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«׵Ϣڴ˿ͷųǾΪ˸һ롣


һɳڡѩֶԵЩƵղ֪ʲôʱȻ俪ʼû
˵ûУ⼸УѾмʮͶ飬ǴƳҴΪǴ׵һ֡׿ڽЩֳΪɳǡ
ǰ̫ˣǴЩеտӭ˺ӡǴڣԺֻԽԽãʱ򣬲˹ӣܵϡ
ǰǰҲһկеİգ˵׺󣬾һ·飬ĥѣŵִף˽ĺӡоԼһˡϡ
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⼸УΪǲȥʹߣͳȥʣڸկе漴ڣףɳ֮£Щ֮вԸҲ޷赲ڵ⡣ټֵвк«ש񣬸ִҲʵЩȨĶԣϵг׷ͶϣԸԴΪ𡣳Ϊ׵һӡ
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װ϶ֳԵԺ
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£ֻ־ɴȴ淴һۣȻ£ɺԥĽšǶô˼Ϊ
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ϣʮƳȫ֮£֮½ΪɳǣңʱƣҪ˶ãͻһһǧɳǡô׵Ľһࡣ
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Ȼ£δزҴһᡣޣ岿޷ڳֽҴ׵ľٶĻᣬȻܴűмƻĽСŲƣؼˣҪг˿ڲʵ
һеĸ˿ڡ
ҲΪʲôлջȡʳʵľٶԥӦԭ
ɳǣһһ˿ڡ
Ȼж࣬Ҳ٣ҲҪﵽʮ򣬲ɳ㹻ʵѹܻҰ
񣬰ЩͶϵе˿ڣټϴлȡ˿ڡ
׵˿Ѿﵽڶࡣ
ɿ٣ֻܹ㽨ٶɳǣȻԸ⣬İɳҲǿԵġ취ɳҲδزСϾ˿ڻšֻǣмƻĽţƿء


1080 Ź
̽飬ǴλĵشڵķΧӦһ޴ĵ죬˵һƬ½Ҳδɣ˵ǵ죬Ҳǡܱߣ滷棬ƽԭͥУţȻͥɱĳͻ
Ϊ壬Ϊ׵Ҫڣһ̫࣬Ȼᴥ񾭡Ҫţͼ֮֮ܲ
̽飬ƺдԭ壬ʱūɹŵ壬֪ʲôֶΣڱԭǱ˴֮໥ûγͳһȨ岫ɱ
棬Ǳռݣ粼֣ʷķȵ壬Ҳ档ʵӦò̫ǿ
һԣڼ˵
ģֻǻƳ壬ڼͬҲڡ˵ǻıԶͬСɡԣȻҲ
ޱߣڵ򣬷Χ֮ʵѾǰڵһҪС٣滷Ǵķ򣬾Ƕ棬Ҳ̡ͬʱţֱռһ棬ٶı
Ҳ˵
ǵ죬ҲǷΧ޷һƬ½˵ⷶΧ֮δػС϶١ֻǣޱ޾ĴУֻһ죬Ȼĵ죬ں֮У֪Ŷ١
һţȷʵԲΪӪͬһʱΪУʳҲǲ
׵ͷ
һԱ巢ͻһȻǿ󣬸
ԵҲӦС
ǾͶ档뽫ֱӸЦ˵
ܴӹء
Ҳȥʼ׼
˵εֵҪá
ǰڲƮѩ̾Ϣ
ѩ̺ŲһɳϣǾ֡飬ǿҵв
ֻ֣ںʱܳʧ˭֪ãȻѴ˺ʮֿ£Ȼδһﾺܻģдڵɣģֻ˵ǿ󡣡
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ʱֻһСͯʿ첽˹ܿĳһ˿ء
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ŵӣĪҲȱʳʣҴйôЦЦ˵
ˣǵʮֹ죬ȱʣȫҴκɳнйʳʣ򵽡ȴƵҰΣƺѰʲôңٹ죬ɳ֮⣬Ұ֮Уӵоݵ㣬Ѿھ̽顣
ͯʿ˵
ƵҰڻҰдھݵ㣬˼ѩ˾ٶʲôͬѰĿġһ˿Ȥ漴͵֪ͨȥܵ̽ǵĿġƵĳ֣Ҫʲô嶼ЩʲôŲС
̽飬ЩУڵĵӡ
ͯٴ˵
ڣ˼ӣʱҪݾߡҪǾҪʲô
׵ͷֱ˵

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ߣȻԿһŮֱţȻû໥̸Ǳ˴˼Ᵽһ־룬໥Ĭܿĳ֮˴ʶżĽ顣һŮߣһԹȡ
ɴȻȻĴݳһĮʣûκα顣
ǰҲ˲پƲˣһ߳ԣһϸš
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ϸ£ھ¥Умŵһһ߶ǰʳȷһС̸
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һɫȹŮ¶һ˿ص˵
ɲͨӲǷף֮Уնûзˣʿ˶ΪҪǵͨǾǶԼǻ۵һ衣׵κŶ޷ģɹţҲҪ˱ᡣεĶ̫ҪҲŪô󶯾
һԵüΪӿЦҡҡͷ
ʵܱߵţû˭֪ġ
УҲײ׷ͻ
гִҲûʲôãںϣ༸ΪѪʳңÿնҪǴף˸Ӳأﻹܿʢ
һŮɫƽ͵Ŀ棬֣άȶǴ֮У޿ֻţǶôѵõһ¡
壬Ϊˣܷȥ
в飬ҪҪӴҪܼϵſмĺô׵пǼܻӭѾΪңԽס챦ǲʳ棬ǳڿƾǵļգֻҪϣ϶׬ȡʵǮʡ
һҲͷ˵ɫһ˿
ẉ̂ӹɵġ


1081 Դ
ͬףȻƳķǹҲƳֵؾսսÿһսҪ˵Ȼͳŵ̸ŸϵͳԵĴУ֮Ӿտ
иִĽ֮
еֻ֮Ǻ֮ҰҲһֻҽʦתʦƾҩ⣬ټŵĴУô飬һδʧл۾飬ƳҩһȻҪøѡ
ܹȡϵǺʣǶŻǴ׶ԣһԱ˴顣ڣƷ۸еİʿ׬ȡңĵرʿҲܻøǿķսһ־޴
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֮ǰʵѾ׼Ҫ׽нӴǸεĺףȻֵĵƻƵĸǳ
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ܶණŵӶе޷šо磬գ֮ͷ·ȫʶˣͨѶмõճ޾֮Уı仯ֱǲ˼顣
ŵĽڴǰͲڡ
̽飬ԴڴֻҪҵԴͿԽ֣һ֣žͿԻȡ¡ңӵ֮𣬽ǰ
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ڱҪʱ䣬˭ҵԴֻҪҵǾͳɹһ룬ܵõ£ŵ̡Σ뾡ҵҪôõϢǸŶ޴ѹⱦδؾ䵽С
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׷ĹȻûǽ׹ĿģǲҪԴײѰԴƺֵԴͷ
Ů˵ɴҲ޷ò
ǼŸ磬ɿ̸ԴʲôҵԴĿԿֳֹ֣ʧ𡣡
е飬ܿеڻʧ٣һ˿˿ȻȻ뵽˫֮Сܿϵķɫֳһ֮ɫ˸ŽâܿԽ֮˫֡
ԲؾҵһŹΪ֣˫ּ޽ңڽһУʮְԵǿ˵һĹս;ҲʵɱϣͰԵǹ룬ǹڱϣֱܽڻ
˵߾磬ֵ̫ȻǷģһδ֪
ڵõŹսֶʱϲͿʼУ뼳ȡϡĽһм
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ң֮ǰҲҹǣǵҪŽҡֻǣԴ繦δûֱӽܡ׼㹻Ĺ֮ٽнɣűǽĵط
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˽ףȻֵʲôĴڡǾ׾ƣĿеҪš

ҵԤϲûд
УȻһܱ
ֵܱ̽棬Ȼ¼ŵڴеĵ鱨
Щŵڳ֣ңѰҵģֵԴ
пһܱ֮һԣζĿ˿ԶЦ磬ԴɲͨԷνǱԴıԴһõǿԳΪ֤֮֮ǵĿģҪõ
ǻۣ᲻֪ʲô
𿴳⣬ǳѵֻ׶ѣĶ˭Ҫ׺ݡɱɱѪɺӶƽ
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ͯ˵
ֹΪʲôҪֹ
Ц˵Դɲôҵģεѩ֣ڸıԴһǱѩѩ֮УܶδؿѰԸңǾҡ


1082 ּ
ĿЩԴ׹䣬ɢؼ䣬ɸ֣϶ԣֻҪҵԴշǣҪƿ֣ҲǲܵģȫлǰȻҪҵԴԲôɾܰ쵽ġ
Щ죬æշϣĽѰұԴϡ
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ң˿ãſڶʱҵԴ䡣
Ҫ֪ԴﱾǷݱش׽ֶʮǿҪҪҵ£ԸͣкֶΪ
Ҳϲּ顣

ʵԤϵһЩŵȻ̽飬ʼ޷ҵԴ׼ȷλãʿǱ뵽¹ĺףҪ̽Ƿʲô˿Ȼʲôûзֿ֡ʼһֵ׷顣
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ЩȫǷɣᡣΨҵ׷顣
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ڴһĵת£һ׷׽ɳǣͬʱеЩˮʦѧͽҲٴγ֣ŷƵĸɽޣĿʼһɳǣѸٿʼƶȫǳƽ
˵УЩɳΪɳеİе𺳣档
׵ĶҲһ̣״ǿߵ񾭡
Ǳͥǿ岿䣬岿䣬׷𶯣ɫÿȥ
ҪʲôȻģڶ̶ʱɳǣھȻȫŶŲƹȥҪŽôô
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ŵĵˣɢ֮壬һԴԴ׳ƺ
ţõʽ
˿̣԰ŲŮι԰ֵУȴһͷ
Ϊɽͼԭ򣬼ǴÿһΣÿһɳǣһ齮ڵĽɽͼͻϣͬʱͻȻȻĵõˮķˮأǵõرԴඥ
ÿһɳƶλã뵽ɽͼˮ֮кεرԴ֮ȻȻĳͼУͼͼϣۿɼٶȲϽ֯صصơ
ͼ۵ʵʡʵڡ
ͬʱܿͼУ۷ԽԽȻȻڱϵϣŨɱ䣬ʵ򣬾ڲϵĳɳ׳ֶԷĴУطƿͬڲϱǿһʩչ򣬸ǵķΧҲѸű
ţҵΪȫ̤ླһ뵽еһסꡣǺһ̤ؼһ
аԳ
ЩʱҪֻڽɽͼˮķ֮£ֳƵ̣鸡ң̸ۺԸӵĵز
ۻǣླԲ
̣ͨʿ֪ҪķѶ೤ʱȻ֮ķ£ʱ䣬̡
нɽͼڣڴŵĲиޱȣָơ


1083 ͻ
ÿ춼дկףÿ춼ɳǳָô׽ţͬʱѪҲڲţ֮ǰĺݹʬΪƷѪǵĵۺޱȣǴŵѪǾӶǵνΪ׳ۡ
ţһ¡
һɳʱ׵Ľ򳹵󺣱ڣɳǣΪǣɳǳǽϣͿԿ󺣣һġ
ÿһɳǶдǳ֮󣬴׵İշ׷״˷ͨΪģΪ˿һ󺣡
ϧۺԻźģ󺣵ĺѩƮ䣬Ȼֱĺ棬֪ⳡѩִĺжֲ
֪У׵Ľ֮ڡ
ڶ֮ڵֻ޷ЧֶֹΣ£̶ʱѾľѳۣŴɳѹһ󣬱еĲҲֻܳѹȥ
ѾС
׵ҰѾȻˣɺޣ޷ֹֻšһɹ֣ǽ´ѹ󡣡
йעŴ׵ľٶ
ڿţĽȫͼмɵͬʱҲֻܺʵ
źգӵеɳﵽŵķ̫Ľûгʱǲȶ
˿ڣʣԴ衣յ˿ڵǼǣͳƣ¼ȵȣֶƻȴĸ֮һ
ʵϣ֮ǰԹЩ̫أټϴӻҰУлȡգ֮࣬ȻѾͻƵڶ֡ȻʳʵľٶǲģҪӴ˿׽׵ĵĴ
Դˣ߲ܵЦ
Ĳࡣ
Уѩ׷ɣѩڳϵš
ź󣬴׳׽뵽Ϣ״̬С
ÿһɳǶԵüΪֻȣ˿ûܵѩֵӰ죬Щ¼׵İգԴеһжԵüΪĺ档ͬʱŬĽڶ̶̼УȺΪʿ̤еż֮ڡͬһֶ򲻶Ĺ̡
ͬʱÿһڳ˲䣬ȻȻֱӱɡ
ˣ˲ڴƺС
ٲȻԿƺУѾԽԽϴʱѾɴСֻ֮ңڣ£ܿÿʱÿ̶ڳɳ
һѾͻơֱЩ飬ĺôʵ̫ˣǶʱ䣬ÿ춼ܿڳɳ
ԸǿңֱͻƵһʮɴСƺУ׻ΪһȻķܸһ޷
ң⻹Ǹոţֻ֮ǵһѣȵվȽŸȶµĽУԴԴϵṩˣΪֹÿһ˿
ӴĽȻȻ飬Ļۣ˸ԴԴϡ
νǳˮ˴㣬Ҳͬĵ
ֻнԽ󣬲ɳٶȸ죬Ѹ׳ǿ
˿ڱǣǲ˸߶ȡ
ֻҪﵽһʱͿ׼ʳĵʵѾ㹻̽ʳ֮λȻԽǿĳɹԾԽߡǽ󣬻ʳĵ̾Խǿ
һɽһʮɽȻȫͬĸǣڣٶȲûбû
󳯻ᡣ
ϣҴ˶ʢɳ٣˿΢ΪѾ޷ҴˣӦýΪʳΪؼ䣬һʳ
ڳϣ嵱վ˳ٿ˵
Уȫһֳȡ
˴ĸֺôȻû˭᲻ϣԼø࣬õʳǲͬģĲ˵ƷְʳеƷܱȵ𣬲һȫһõ˼ӳҲȫͬر
ʳƷ൱һƷ
ڴѾȫܸʳѾǽߡ
忴׼ᣬȻҪøȰ֮
ףȻǽķΧԳػʳ֮ˣϾ󲿷ֽ򣬶ֻǸոռݣҪһĳҴ׵ͳΣٹ̣İȣĹ鸽Ҫ
Ƴ΢΢ҡͷ顣
ҲΪ΢һ£ԽǿԽǿɹԸߣĵȻǿңѹ־˳Ҫ־ڴ˹ͷ˵ʣģδʲô¡
³ʦͬ˵
˳ȻҪءطƿضѾͣһܵӰ죬˵ɲɹĺ
ȷʵһ⡣
΢΢üǱģֻǣǣǷܵӰ졣˳õϿɣ޷ƿأǽᷢʲô˭޷ԤϡпܳɹҲпʧܣпܳ䣬һ֣δ
Ͽɣʲô仯
ÿʵ
Ȼлû˭ܶش
һɹûϿɣǴô¡
ݴ˵֮ϣд޴ڣģ㡣ֱƿǷпܳΪ˳˳֮ˣǲ޷ҡ
һͷԾĳеԺС
ֻǣڳֺԼоЩ̫ˡ
ǰ˳޲ԼضϿɣǵˣһɹǾǳصءƿ죬ֱӼܲܳɹ˵һɹǾǿǰδеһȺӡ֮ϣҪԽ˳
ջʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ˳һ·ɱ䣬ʳ۳˭֪ܷѡ
˳֮Ϊӡ
Ǵ˳֮Ǵ֮ӡ
ͷһ֣ʱͿʼʴġ֣ͷУ˿Ҳɸоھǣ˵ݾܼݵģ˭˵һͿԹͨЦ
һУ漴˵ˣȽе֮£ʱѹ£ɻۣµɳֻǳɽ裬ڲ裬ҪаƾԼ˫ȥ졣
Уĺͣϡʱһ¡
漴Ⱥȥ
ȴͬʱûƳһȺسʱ¡
ʱֻʣ¼ˡģһǴоص
ϾҪƿֱӽʳ֪λǷСжȻ˵


1084 ´ ѩ Ҷ
ƿҪֱӼɾʹ˳
ǵͷһдһ˿޴𺳣еĿ쳣ľ뷨Ұģ
֮Ǵ
Σ޴ڡ
£ʿ޷ӲҪ˵ǴϵĴڡȫ޷ݡԣɼ
ǣһɹôͬ޷ġ
˵һǰ
ܳɹô᲻ʲôһûгɹǷᴥŭĻڴ׶ԣֻ»һ֮֡
Ƴ΢΢ü󿪿˵
˳Ȼջ󣬿ǣЩҲҪǺɹãȻҲ޻˵Ҫûгɹɣֻ»õӰ졣
˱䣬־ȫѹֻᣬУֻֻΨһһΣһǾԶ֡ڼΪգֵһð
ڼ΢˵
УпܣΨһһλᡣ
ƽʱƿǾ;Բܵ顣
һԡ
ҡҡеȣ˵
ܳɹʣӵ޵Ŀܡ
ڵǣβͨķ϶޷ɼ롣Ƴ˵Ȱǰ⡣
Ҫ̳ɹͨǱѰ
̳׼֮ܡֻҪ׼ͿԹͨ׼ߡ֮ǰھƽԭϵļ̳ħǼǴǷôϿɡ
ͻȻ˵
ʵ򣬼̨һֻ̳ǣ֮ǰ֮ԿԼΪڼ̳ӵŶصķӡǣԼ졣ܽеķĽиģļΪǲǾͿֱӹͨ
̳ǰƶɣķ޷ģͬûпǣý顣Ҫܡ
кԥĿ˵
̨ȷʵһֿ֮
޴ڣм룬Ϊý飬˵Թͨ޷£˵һλᡣ
ҪмƷļƷ˵ؼ䣬һЩصʮأܹע˵Խ˹ͨ
ٴ˵
ʮϡ٣ÿһĪ⣬ޱȡңƫƫЩҵң֮ϵõѶϢ׼ԻȡĺôȻ֮˵׼ܹ
ĺɻС
ʱ䣬ù鶼
忴ףȡʳʡ
ڲ֪УѾռ١
λȥ󣬶ϸһȻлᣬ׼һΣ˶ʧܣӴ֮Ҳź֮ǰλһŬҴ׵ĵ̣øǿʱ䣬ݶΪһꡣ
׵ͷ˵
νΪ˸ǰһ׼ͬʱ׵ĸøۺĻκαʣܿӦ
ǣϡ
Ƴ໥һۺ󣬹Ӧ
ȥ
ȻûֱӷظԾĴ㣬ֱӽؾУϵķĸֵ伮ϣвҵİ취
ͬʱ£ҲʼҵȲչ

ꡣ
һĴڴѩжȹ֮еİղûΪѩֶܵӰ졣ǣһУ׽ţǣ˿ڴģ£ԵַǷ
ң´֮ʣӦܹӦѩֶʳ֣Ϊѩף̺ѩ׿ϺѩԣйɰͲεԣѩ׿ڴѩгܼѹѩҲ޷ѹϣԽԽ¡
ѩƳɹͿʼ֣ңֱеĵУϣѩ׳ɳ˲̶̣ʱڣ͵õһѩ׵֡
Ȼںдģ֣ũķͨдӿ죬ڶ̶һУѾ֣õĵ֡
ϲһʼʱѾÿһɳǷȥ
ڵһʱȥ
Щѩ׵ȥ󣬾ͻȻȻļȡѩеıѩ֮ѩ֮ԽǿɳٶȾԽ죬Ȼڶ̶Уͷ׷׳ѿ硣ңȡ£µѩȻôƾձЩѩ׸ˣѩûԽԽ񣬷ڲϵ
ƺȫԱѩΪϣ߲ܡ
ݹ㣬ѩֵ£ѩ׵ĳɳڽ̣£һ¿ԳһΣѩ֮£ֻҪһھܳһΡ
ǵģһڡ
Ԫ£ʳȵĳɳڶ仯ңѩ׵Ĳߣڵ֪Ϣ£һƬڣʣ⽫һϲ¡
ʳҪʳֻ⣬ͳ׵õԴԴϵʳѩǿҲȫԴƻ
ѩȥ׵ٴεõǡ
ǶԴΪһ١ȻȻ˴ȹ̡
ͱʮɡ
˳˳֮ھӪ˳֮ȶ˾ȹ̣˳飬˻֮ǣЩֱӷӦ֮ϡ
ԣڣ¹ĶʮֵĻ졣
ÿһɳж´ϲϢЩողųΪװյˣ֮ǰȣȫָ֮ܣ󣬾͸ӵ̣ԽӵĶڵеϡ㡣
оһˡ
´Ǿӭ¡
һһµĿʼ
ǡ
һջڡ
ȻԿһĴһµŮڴλãǰڷһʳȡ˱Ƕ롣ܿĳҿջĳʦվ൱Ȼûʳ⣬ζȫ˿̲סʳ󿪡
ʳָ󶯣
ҶǳϦ˽µһꡣҪˣһúóһԲֲ֪Ҫá
ЦǺǵĿǰĺŮ˵
㿴棬ֵľ֪жûпˡҪֻºһСŮЩʧ˵
ȷʵͬѰҲۿʥ󣬶һָ¼֮ģ֮٣һƬǵɹ˵ѧ֮нὨԺڵԺ֮УŵӣʱҴúҶԺԵõѧңܻøĻᡣȣڻ̫С
˵
һȻϼһλŮΪҶ
ȻҶĸϼûж֮Ӣˣòһ


1085 ѩŮ
ѧŮȷʵҪ룬Ժ²ôףϾܱߵſɲҪԺʿࡣ
Ҷƽ˵
ѧɰټңټǰţȻռһѧԺרŻֳѧԺѧԺƷѧԺȵȡǸмա
ȻֻҪܽ벻ѧǾǵڼ뵽׵ϵ֮ڡΪҪġȡϵȡ㹻档
ˣ˵Щʱ׷Դ飬ûкúõϢȳԹԲһ𵽳йһ䣬Եõġ·׵ƽΪĲϣΪʡ
ϼЦ˵
ôһŮȻǴ۰
ȻЩƽ·ܹ󣬲ֵ
ã
ҶЦŵͷ
׵ĶϲͨƷиŮҵ磬Ůõ֣ȶǶҪõĶ࣬͹ԳŮԵġڴУ󲿷ֵŮӶʼǶȡ֮ѡ֣и־ΣΣʿɣȻۼ
úöȹڣݵ飬ԴλѾҪˣѾҪȷյڣң˵ͥҲڰѰң֪ͥԤԣ˵ǰĿꡣڣ֮Ҳĸ֡пܴԴֻĴ
һ¹¹ױ⣬ںƺʮǿ󣬱ȵǿʿȥ̽飬档ʮֿ¡һڱȣڹеıʮְԵˣʿ޷ɽɽڵʲôδ֪ټϵ±Լձɽ⣬Դضһ
ϼɫص˵
ȻҲǵԴϢţû˭ǲҪҵԴǻȡԴģǽųһᡣϻΡ׷
У¹ڴ֮ڣбȣλڶҲǴڴ׵Ľ֮ڣڱ⣬һɳΪǡҪ֪ȻգȴֱܳԵܽ塣
˵ص㶼ڴ׵ķΧ֮ڡ
Ͳͬˣ±Ǵ棬ձɽǴ档ңഫձɽʮأ֪ô£ֱڵϣڰСǿڿƯġʮ档ǣձɽƶԭزġ
ݸŵ̽飬ձɽĿȻɽѩַǰѾڣؼһۣѩַڱɽɢĺ˲䱩ĴСƺ

Ϧ֮ҹ
ҹУǹ£һȻ̾ڰա
Ǵ˿˿Ļֻ»ᵱһ
ȻԿһ޴ޱȵıɽؼ䡣ɽ֮ռݷԲﷶΧ˵ǱɽͬһȴƫƫڰգƯ
ܿɽϣһ챩ѩڷѩУɽɢһرεɫǿ£ɽȫһ۵ıɣԶءȻȻɢصơ
ˮĪıҲܿıѷ죬ǳɫıܶѤıĢºӵ൱ı澰ˮɱĩ˵ıˮڱɽγɱ
羰ԣɽе澰֮ģָ
ı֮ϣҲҵƵľɫ
˿̣ɽ֮ϣȻԿ֪ʱͻȻһص
£ܵķѩۿɼٶȳɽ۶һɹַ磬Բǧ֮ڵıѩȫűɽ˹ȥ
ڱѩУɽϣһֽϵƾֱۣԷѩۣڷѩУȻԿһֻֻѩﲻۡ
о޴ıܣҲо޴ıѩˣѩܡƯıѩ顣ЩǱѩľ飬ɢϢԵüΪĿ£·ܱһУһС
飬һۿȥ޾
Աѩжڱѩ
ͬʱڱɽ۷塣ȻԿһž޴ޱȵڱѩѤõһıɣɵѤдŷâɲĿõһɲǣоֹͣ
˿̣ѩУȻԿһӰƾճϡֱӶϡȻȻɢһɶصϣѩ׷׷ԱܵĳǵӰȥƺϵĳݡ
ֳݣһ𺳵Ϣ
һŮӣһķ·Ů˵Ůӣ޳һѩۣεɫĳͷһɫڣϲ辣ƺйϵķ˸ͷһεı˸Ĺâ׺ĸһ˿ϡ
ѩ׵ļ˸оޣ޾ס
һ޳Ȩȡ
ѩ衣ɰľ飬Ϊĳȹ
ϣǱѩŮ
ıѩŮѩ
УκεƺУһ˵Ǳ䣬顣оκε
̧ۿյĿ⣬ƺܽﶳ⡣
ѩŮ
ѩŮ³һ
ΪѩŮ֮أǱѩȡ磬
ĸоؼһбѩƺĺ
ԭ㣬ѩŮԴɱ
ʱͻȻ䣬ݵıѩУһϺ𣬼һһɫĽѾƥ㻮ա
ǽʵ̫ˡ쵽˸޷۲׽ĵز
ƺնҪѺۡ
ȻֻǴڵ磬һܴƿռĽޡ
ܿǱģȻһʿһޡ
еıɽٲȻ׺ޱȡͼǿһ£Ҳᱻɱ
۱ɽ˫ޣʿǽ۳ͼǽ뵽ɽУɽһСڱɽУŸϣ÷ɽв˼ͨ
ϣ÷ɽͲɴݡϣ÷ɽٶȿ⣬ϣ÷ɽӵƼޱȵķâ
һ֣ǾһڿµĴɱ
һɣʯ쾪
Ȼ򣬱ѩŮͻȻϮƺһ㶼û⣬ɽǰʱʱͿµıѩȻȻɢ⡣
ˢˢˢ
һѩ糱ˮȻȻնڷɽϡһЩޱȣޱȡ
˲Ϣ䣬֪ٽնС
꣡
ֻһУǿڷɽֱӱնϡ
ѩŮҲֻ̧ۿһۡ
ʱһӽ¸֣ۿɼٶӣ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿ׸һ۱⡣


1086 ѩ֮
ôܣȻһ۾ͳױ⣬⵽ô£ѩŮȻǿ˵ز⵽ʲôһϾ۷Ľޣ޵սͬеǿߣԽ׶ս׾٣˿̱ѩŮһ۾͵Ϊжǿ
ܣôǿĴڣླҲδܹƺླеĶǿȷʵлѵһླ۷ǿߡ
ӣ֪ͨ£ԴǱѩŮǱѩŮҲȻУֻҪԴӡ־ԶʧΣ뽫Ϣݳȥ
һ̣ӱѩ֮УðһӰ
棬ʿҲǿߡ
ڳֺûκԥ׷׳ձɽӴܳȥ
ѩŮǴʵ̫ˣĶڲһȫ޷֮ƥеĸӦָӦÿ˶ʮֵⲻǴ
ʵڡ
һ
ԣһ̣ûһɣƴȥ
Ȼ򣬶ԴˣѩŮƺһ㶼⡣
ߣǲ⣬ȫûнЩʿ۵ףȫȫһӣһֿϰĿ⣬ǣ֮ǰޣҪǲֱҲֻɱϣעʸûС
շȥ´Ѷѩ֮أΪұѩȣΪұѩŮУһºὫѲ£嵱ߣ߱񣬾³
ѩŮĻֱӳÿһǿ߶Уǻдݳ˼ÿһӴܵǿڲоһĿ־ϯ
оѩŮֱ񷣬塣
һoĸ߸ϡһС
ѩ֮أǱѩȣѩŮʲôţƬ½ĹȣĽ壬ūҪɵֵ޷⣬˭ҪԣǾ͸ֱӱɱ
Ǿɱûκβߡ
ȫûнڵĸ۵ףΪģҪԾԵǿѹأھԵǰ㲻ӦҲҪӦǾԵš
ڱѩ֮У޵Уϵס
ѩŮҰľȻ˾޴ȫǽƬ½Լĵ̡
ǺôĿǸ֮Уһûе̣һûеƣѩŮǿѵ첻ɣҪֱͳأԲܡ
ߣе̣еƣǷླǿҲзҪһᱻɱѵһѩŮ
ǿ߷׷Ժһͷ
ѩŮǺǿ˭ΪƾѩŮͿѹ£ңԱѩѹأԲܣϡ
ڱѩŮԷ£Щ͵͵Ǳձɽǿ߷׷ȥ˷ɢڵһʱ䣬ԸֶָνϢݳȥ
Щڰ̽Դڵ壬һ޴𶯡
ϢȷʵˣȻ֪ԴǲǱѩŮ㲻ҲȻϣ˿̵ıѩŮԴңӵõ鱨п֪ѩŮʵһ۾ͿԱһͼǿߣȻȻսпܣֻʵıɽһǡɲ
ͥУһȺǿ߻һһ϶¶֮ɫ
ӵõѩŮϢһоǿѹѹѹǼϢЩѡ
ؼ䣬ǿΪȻǿǰһǿߵӰޣǿǿԺһУƻͲκܹ赲ġ
һ򷨣ǣ
ѩŮԴ߻ɵƻȷʵκһܹ赲ҪͥԲӦұһԹʹûгκˡ˭ݹԥѡ
ѩŮǿΣֻսıɣûйݳıɡ
ʯС
ǿ߻һá
һɫԵüΪѿ
ѩ֮أǱѩŮأһº󣬾ҪʼѲؽ
ֻµһ壬ûκ赲ѩŮڱѩ֮УѩŮʵǣǱѩеף޿ƥС޷⡣ϵ壬һֵ֣ܵѩŮǽѩŮֱɱһΪʲôҪȱѩŮԸǣΪʲôֱȳ֣ձɽԱѩŮ𹥻˵ܽ䳹ɱձɽѴԼĲ䡣
дһ
ʣδһַҪ֪ڼеűѩŮȫҪǿУ֮ǰͽǿͳһֶ֣ԸѩŮ˵δؾͲɱѩŮ

֮ڣѾõµ鱨
Щʿ󣬵һʱͽϢݳȥϢ䵽УҲӲ˴׵ĶĿĳ£Ϣûɢ
ͲϢŵٶԽԽãԽԽá
ѩŮձɽԴľǱѩŮ
ле鱨£˵
⣬ӦþѩŮ֣ǰû˵ңձɽһֱǸֱѩݳû̫䣬ƽʱûж˻῿֮󣬷ŷֱѩŮҲǵһοѩŮ
ͯʿ˵
̽鵽ѶϢѩŮʵɲ⣬һ۾һ˲⣬ɽ޷ֺͻᱻиնϡٶһླǿߣԽ˷ླ
ҿ˵
ǵģҲϢһʱ䴫ݹġ
ʱձɽ棬ȻûнɽҲڵһʱ֪ľΪĿߣҲ뵽ܸоҪԱѩŮΪֻҲѲ˱³
˿ڿʱͬоһɲ⣬һȫ޷̽ǳĸоǰħսʱƺܿһЩ߼ʣھȫ߼ʡȻԱѩŮе𾪣ɿʱȴоƺѩŮҲδǲ赲ġ
鱨ڸ֮ж춯ѩŮԶԸ嶼һ޴ƣƣûκһܹ׵ĽܡǶ£пܻѡϣƺϢЩ岿ƺҪǴֺһ𹥷ձɽ
ͯʿ˵
˼ǽѩŮǴBOSSô
ҡҡͷ
ôоЩҪͺϷеĴҪƵBOSSĸоȻֿܲûУѩŮԴĻʵԲǱ濴ô򵥡
ѩ֮أұѩȵĽ
˵ˣôͨǿߡ
˵ǾԺ¡


1087 Ʊ
˵ĻǱѩŮ̫Դ󣬾žԵţǰʲôıߣǷ߸ϣݵλ֮ʥǿᣬ˵o顣թΪδûмŭ壬ǲǰձɽͼı
΢󣬻˵
ѩŮϴɵ㡣
Էжƿһ֮ѾʣoǿǿߣԳԤ⡣
˵ѩŮһѩ֮
ϣǷҪֶԸѩŮǿߣͬձɽͯʿѯʵ
ǰǰֱӵһ⡣
һϣǾͿ϶̫áȻʱڣձɽһҪϣǷܹһԽѩŮɱҪǱѩŮԤµ壬Ԥıľٶ˵ͻȫûľ档
ȻΣûе˭
ؼ䣬ûжֻвϷı
ڼΪҴײزУѩŮǿңձɽ֮ϣԻǿ˿־ĲΣǾһؼıѩ֮ǴҪģǽʳһɽܾиǿʵ̣ǰȥѩŮ֮ǰ˳κν֦
ڼ˵Լ뷨
ʱȥѩŮӲƴɣһɱһǧ˰ٵ
δɽۻøǿǰȥ̽̽ɽŮʵҪԣҲ֪һЩסڻһ֪
Ҳͷͬ
óȻصıѩŮɱĺʵԤϡ
Щʿô죿ǷҪ档
ͯʿѯʵ
ѩŮջɲһĴпԴǻɱ˵мܻȡԴջ󣬲˭ֵܵסġ
ãȻѩŮһµޣǾͱһУôɱ䣬ʳʱ˭Ǵ׶ӵ㹻ĵ˶ʤ졣
׵ͷԥ˵
λʱУܵΪΪһƿ״̬ܽɹʳ˷мĻᣬֱƿƿƹؿʱУĸԴλ䶼ȡá
ٴ˵
˷һ״̬Դʮ궼δͻƵƿĺô֪
лϡ
ڼ϶¶һ˿ж

ڶ죬ʹ߷׷ףֱҪ׽ˣһԸѩŮϹձɽҪôǲųս
Դˣͱ׸ܾ
˵ȻǴΪֵԭʵ𣬸ս󲿷ǿ߶ڱչ޷ʵѾǱľܾϽ˵顣
һ㣬ЩȻܲ
ֻǣ޷ǿȣ˵ѩŮҰǽ½ȫĹȣûκ֮⣬ɾûô׳κת䡣
˵ȥǾ;Բȥ
գֻ޹
һĵװµĿǳȫûһԶһ㶼֪㸲֮£ʲôȫĵطֶ֮һֿɱ飬кڵʱ
׿ӣܾˡ
ûа취ܾ
һѩŮ֣ƵĻûһ赲εΣѹ£һɢȻȻγˡ
Ʊˣ
󣬸Ϣʱʼ˷ɢ
֮УͬյĿ׷Ʊϡ
ǻڴ֮УѩŮƱ˵飬ʹķзһϢѸٴôۡ
ƱѾʼˣͷѾձɽݵ飬ձɽƺѾ֪ȴûټƶڵţƱ˵ĵѩŮȫ޿֡ƺڵ˵ĵ
Ʊ˻岿䡣ƺǴͥУвƺҲǲǿǰҪԱѩŮݣͬСɡ
ɲǣѩŮԣѩ֮أѩŮأڹУ˭ͱĸġж̵ġ
ɳУͲŹһŹӣһ߿ˡ
ײβսǹܲˣֿɿȻֵ˷ܵ顣
ϾΧ۵Ĳ´
Ϣ峤Я챦׺Ž뿪פأǰƱפأҪձɽ˵׺ŽܹףʮְԵŽһϯءҡ˵챦Ʒ׼ߡܿ¡
Ϣֻ׺ŽǣһǷ׹ϯءҡഫܹٻ֮飬ءó׺ŽǣʣҲǴ⣬ҪɱѩŮƬ½ϣҪһ߸ϵıѩ֮
Ϣ峤Ƭ½ϣһ֧䣬ǿͯЯرĿ̣ԣҪñѩŮĽ¡Ĥݡ
Ϣ˹
Ȼڵжѽ綨ʵ˭ں£״Ŷͬ岿䣬ȻΪ׼Ҳûа취໥Ӱ졣
壬ͬǿߣǿ塣
Ŀһ챦ֻǱԼΪһ壬ܷӳսϡ֮ǿķ׺Žѷɫ˵Ѿ鱦ĲΣ챦Ϊ鱦Ǿ鱦ͻףﵽؽײΡ
ؽ챦鱦
Ʒ͵鱦֮ǿҲѹһ
ӵҵ
ɽҲˣóǧɽ˵ǧɽ̺޷һɽǧɽصһ𣬵أңӲޱȣ᲻ɴݣһȥûκ赲ǧɽ˵ᱻѹࡣɽ˿ǧɽڴߣÿһڵγһ𡣡
ɽ˺ʣͬһΪǿ壬ƽʱ䲻Ǿ˯һ˯൱飬֪Щ˵Щɽˣֲͬս
齣ڣ齣Ҳսˣ˵齣е̫ϳϱ˪Я򽣺«뿪ţǰձɽ֮ǰѩŮһ۱ʿ齣ڵʿɽҪֱġǿ򽣺«˵˲Ϣ䱬ǧ򽣹⡣ױԻء
ͬУ׼ֶԸձɽ
ȻǴŵͬʱ֣ҲжǿߣЯ׼֣˪ٲȻһླǿޡƽʱ䲻Ǳ޲ϣڴ˿̣ͬ


1088 ս
еȻҪжǿ߳Яһɱ˵ô죬һ㣬κŶܲǣΪžһǿ̣ĵƣ򲻵ѣǶǲʹõġ
򽣺«˵ʮְԵɽԴԴϵ«йע⣬ϵĻͬһʱ̱ң򽣺«ùעȥĽʱƣϵıǿǷ޴ɱ䡣
˵ͬ˳֣һȺУһУһڽӣձɽȥ˵ͽӽӣԷǹ൱£ɽӡǺУҲླķޡ
кбǰձɽϢ
УвİǣڴУԭǺеİҲ٣ֻ඼ѡףң׶ںзŶһų⡣
ŵĽնԣΣʵ̫
зسɷ𣬽Ʊ˼룬ȫĥе־ѪԣַسɷĽ壬ƴ׵ķɷ
㷸ֱһ㣬˵ҪݶȣţͿԽǰȫһʹƨسɷⶼܳɷЩµ޹ߣ̫ԩԹôܳˡȫ̡
ԣڴУںУûʲô̫ĺøС
װղ׽
Ӳļ롣
вٶ뵽ƱУûʽʲôģʣۼһΨһĿģǶԸѩŮ
Ʊ˵ĵȻѩŮ
ֻѩŮȻûֹĴ㣬Щǿ߽ϡ
ͥҲˣ˵ƽУһֱɳϣЯ˺צǰˣǿߣ˵ȱѷɫվڴϣǼ޵еǿߡټ˺צһܹ˺Ŀֲڡ
ͥĶĿһ嶼ˡ˲䣬Ҳ׷Բеĵǿߡ
磬ţͷ˲Ужǿߣž޴ͼ̤ǿߣһޱȵ㽶̤䡣
λ۵࣬ǰģǿߣЯǿرٲȻĴսУͨսʿ̫ãһ˵һ־޴׸սϱ¾˲أòʧ
ף֮С
ǴĲսˣƺƴ󣬸岿䶼óĵֻ̣»൱¡ɱѩŮ˵ֱӵתǹͷǴֻ֡ᣬδػ׷Ź
ߣ˵
УƱУ󲿷ֵȫģױǵˣ˱ѩŮ߰˳ɵĿܻԴײ
˭֪ʱᷢʲô
޷ҴԺġҪĿԺѾֶԸǴףȵڣοĶԴײĿɱѩŮɱ˱ѩŮж˿Ļ˵Ҵףӡ
ƽ˵
Ȼȷʵž޴ΣգֻǲѹƵġ
ô죬Ĳǰȥһսᷢʲôô
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ѩŮȻֱ£ֱʣڷս顣
ãֱӵϢͺá
еȻһЦ
ѩ죬԰Ȼ̩ɽ

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ҲǱѩŮԺĵʮ졣Ҳǵʮϡ
ձɽϱһҵɱ
޴ĽձɽϷҡһƴֲձɽ𵴵ķºдӱɽɢ䣬ȥ⸲ҹգϯķ
ãĺŽǰŷ֮γף絶籩㸲ձɽɽȫڣУ·ʱҪݻ١
µĽǵأ˺գΪµУƺҪһУ
ֲɱձɽϻص
ǻ棬֮⣬Կ󣬳գĿã̲ס𺳡ⳡսʱ
Ȼֻⷢ˷ĳ˷ӳȥ
һ޲ö೤ϼȡ
ڶ죬Ϣڷɢ
ʧˣƱֹձɽȻʧˡˣ˺öǿߡǿ߶䣬˵ʱɽһ·ͨľͼѩŮ£ǿ߱⣬ѩбĽɱ
̫ǿˣһǿʩչ˺צûа취ƿķⶴڱɽϣսѪɺӣɫѪҺƬɽȾɽɫ
峤ӻˣֻ˫ȫնϣ˵˫ȱ⣬ʱԼ˫׺ŽǳɽѾˡ
齣ڵ̫ϳϳڱɽ֮У˵ɽնϣǰֻ򽣺«ɻ齣ڣ򽣺«϶Ѻۣĺ«⡣
ʧˣɱϱɽһвǧǿߣ뿪ձɽĲһ١ʮһ˵һսУѩŮȻû뿪˲²⣬пܾԴһ壬һС

ָϢ˷ӡ
һεĽܱԣһ塣
ǧǿߣң඼Яر˿µΧ£Ȼûа취ѩŮд˵ѩŮһ˿˺ûܵѾ˲أȫླĽޣûа취̽ǳ
ڴս֮ǰ˭û뵽յĽ
󲻵˵Ĳҡ
ȫ˵
ѩŮһo㣬˸޷κεƻֻ޷Ƶ
Ȼԣ巢ʲôЩɽǿ֪˶޴ֻֻ֪ܴƬнв²⡣
Ϣ֮С
ǼһȻ
Ǻܶ˸оңҺôײûвУ˵شʧģǴ
һѩŮ˵ֻȻ㹻ǿĵֻǣҪҴ׳֣Ҵ׳ȴǾԲܡ
Ҳɰһ˿𺳡
˵ʵڣӴһѩŮȻջʧܣ˵ǲҰܣ£Ҫ涼ѡͬʱҲֳһ˿ǿҵĽȸС
ΪѩŮ⡣
һ£жʮ첻һʱ䵽ˣͽӭѩŮѹ
ҪͻˣΪӦһСѩŮöԸ
аһͷͻƵͷԽӵǿҡ
㹻ͻƣֻԼԸԸ⡣
ֻͻǰҪ̽̽ѩŮĸʵ


1089 ѩ̨
δǿУȻҪϸ̽̽飬ʵ
׼ǰȥձɽ
΢΢˵
ǣȻֶο̽鵽ձɽ赣ģǲ׷աοֻ̽һձɽѡҪѩŮֱӶɱ
еȻһЦƽ˵
Σغף򲻵ѣעȫ
Ҳͷ˵
һսӰֱ̫ñѩŮ뵽ÿһ壬֪˵ѩŮʱоһ֪УѩŮ·ΪһֽɣһֲɴĽɡ
ε壬Ƭ½ԣһεĴ
һѩŮֻ֣£ʿܵ޴Ӱ죬ֿ֮ıȻ
ҹɫ١
࣬ɹǣҫ£ȴܿѩϯأڷѩ֮ҹܿ£ǼΪ˼飬֮Уȴǳе飬ƺط򶼷Ϊ˵ı仯ЩĻ档
зѩƮɣ־ɫ֯һ𣬳гһֱľ˾ɫ
ձɽڰУͣԭء
һƬѩ׵ıɽȣɢˮĹâҹɫ£ƺһжԵ˵ûзκζκͺձɽϣѾһ
ѸоϢ
˿̣ڸһŹ£µӰӰУȻԿһ۵ӰӰУӰʵվڸˡ
˼ձɽиоһɼΪµȻǱѩŮ
ӰУֳһףϸȥǺȻӰӷа
һΪ磬Ѿﵽһֲ˼ĲΡ
аؼ䣬ֱ޷ơһµBUGؼаֻҪǾõϣ񣬶ڷԪĻۣʿҪһ꣬аֻҪ£ǼʱͿɡ
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ټԭȵĻۣа쾭Ȼⲿ˭ܱȿĸ̡Ȼһ·̹;֮ǰѾͻƵླ񣬱֮ǰøӵɲ⡣
ǣӰӻϢƮκθ֮ҪǿֻҪԸ⣬ûκܹ̽鵽ʵ͸Ϊ硣
ŵıܸܳʵžԵġ
οһаΪõ޴֮ǰУõһĪĻԵԵʵõ˵ı仯޴ɱ䡣
ˢ
һ䣬аѾϢĴӰʧֱӳձɽ֮ϡӰΣ·һ㣬˿ӰǱС
һձɽԾɫԣ亱澰
ڱɽϣɲֻһЩı飬ӵıǱȵȣ¹£Ѥˣ̲ס֮С
ңڱɽϣܿһдѩſɽϳ˯һҪܸоһ˿Ϣֻ»ΪЩֻǺı
¹£ӰһӰӡ
аӰЩӰд󣬿Ծ֪УѾɽˡ
̧۾ܿⶥˣһž޴ıѩϣȫɵһķâͬǱط֪Ҫǿٱ
Խͼµʿױ⡣֪һΪµ챦ѩǡ빥һġ
ϣȻԿѩŮп棬·˯۾ƺһжûв
˯ˣ
ʲô
ʱаĿȴֱڱѩһյϣȻһǽܹ죬ܿȫһööͷ­ǵģͷ­ңܿЩͷ­Բͬ壬ˣ壬˵ȵȣÿһŶܿǰһı顣
ЩڱɽϵĸǿߡȻʱնͷ­ѻ⣬ǵսƷҫô
аȤĿЩͷ­
ѻ飬ƺܿĳֽ
ȫǽͷ­⣬Ϊһשֻש֮ڱһֻֻͷ­ͷ­ͫУܵһϢ
ͨЩͷ­ڵһ档
ϸȥЩһԼγһ̨ģ
ȻֻȻȴ˴ӵصϵ̨ڻûʱһĸо
ʲôѵѩŮ֮ǰͷųϢյĿģҪǿǰɱǵͷ­̨
аԺпһͷ
ʣ£òֲ롣
ôĺ̨Ưɡ
ʱǷ·Ѿ˯ȥıѩŮ֪ʱĮ˵Ŀ⣬ȴֱӿаλá
ȷʵƯҲ׳ۣǿǰĿġ
аûжֱӴӰ̤˳ôֱվڱѩŮǰǰıѩ̨׵ͷ
ѩ̨Ҫ㹻ǿ꣬ǻɱңڵѪȫͷ­УͬʱǿĻҲһӡڡñѩ̨̺ǿԡ
ѩŮϣƽ˵
аĳ֣һ㶼ûио⣬ƺ֪ѾձɽڱɽУǺĽٽơ
ձɽѩŮĵ̣˵һУƿ֮ڡڱѩ֮Уoһ㣬ûдڱɽб֣аҲ֡
ֿ֪ܡ
֪һ㣬ǰȻǿš
Ҫʲô
аһ˿аĿѩŮѯʵ
ֻʻȨڱѩ֮أұѩŮءƬѩ֮У鶼Ҫһ
ѩŮ˵
ء
аٴ˵
ڱѩ֮صһΪ⡣Ϊұѩȵһ֡ѩŮԥ˵
ҲӦء
аĿѩ̨ϣ˵̨еһöɫӡöӽ֯Źϵÿһ·ǱѩĻЩͷУһɹɾ֮ԴԴϵĳöӻ۹ȥ
ʣǱѩ̨Уľöӡ
ڼȡЩǿߵıԴ֮Ϊ֣öӡ
ӦǾȥ
ѩŮƽ˵¼䣬Ȼµıѩųһ貵ĹâһʵʵĽƿնڰУһ𣬻Ϊһѩ۳ıɲצƺܿ¡
һצͽаͷճ׸ǡ


1090 ̥Ϣ ˻
ǺǣȻѩŮȤǾŮһ档
а¶һĨȤıһһ˿аЦ
£
ڿգͬڵ浹ӰһӰӡڵӰ£ӰӣȱıҪ
аûжűµӰֱһָһָʱͿӰӣĴӱ·һɲǼ䣬ΪһڵӰӱųɱȥ

ɫĽڽ⽻֯һ콣ݺᣬܵıɽиһѺۡܿצϣһѺۡ
аڣ̺̺֮һɹаӰ֮ܵĹᱻ٣ñͬа㣬޿ײ롣
꣡
Ѻۣ˲飬ٴλΪһս鲼գΪµı˪󣬽аڣâ޾һУ֮˺ѡ
Ȼڱ仯ʱԿаҲŷ仯˲ֽ⣬ΪһڵаͬΪһЩɱһ
һʱ䣬⽻ײϵǻ棬ǿµ㣬ݺᣬ꣬ڸĸֽ׷ױ飬һıѩ޶˲ʳƬΪ
Ƭ̼䣬콣⳹ɢ
ű˪ЩаͬΪУʧӰ١
ƿӰ
ѩŮ¶һĨ³һ
ں˿ûжĴ㡣аƺһ˿ɫ
ˢ
а͸оһΣգ붼룬һμ䣬ѾʧԭأڸովλãȻԿһƽضɢɭĺʣһͣԭأֻ˲ͻᱻ⡣
̺ĺΪ¡ؼǣǺ̺֮ǿķ֮
ɣĿӰ֮
аЦ˵ȴƮɽвϻص漴һּΪĻˣֻЩڱɽϵĴѩµӰӣȻ俪ʼãΪаӰޣ޴űѩŮ𹥻
ϯǹƣˮޡ

ѩŮĿãɢĺԽӵŨ
µıѩٴαܼĽ⣬糱ˮЩаӰ޶ȥڽУ̺ǿıѩ֮ڷ֮ǰЩаӰۿɼٶȱ飬˲Ϣǰɢ
ãѩŮվʹաս
ڴаӰޱɱͬʱаĻѾձɽ⴫ȻѾ뿪
ƮȻȥѡ
аӰ֮
ѩŮûǰȥ׷ɱǲܣǣаߵٶ̫죬ңӰǱУҪ赲졣˲ϢǧʧӰ١
ɲ⣡
аӰձɽ⣬һۣ
ոյĽֿƺƴʵ򣬲ǱѩŮûķӳȫʵ򣬶Ҳӡ
οձɽеġ
аĿ⳯ɨӹȥ¶һĨаЦɽۻ̫ˡ
Ϣ䣬ٴʧ
ԽླԪǿߣΪ磬޷ȷ
а̽õĽۡ
һʱԺУֻͨҪԸ⣬ڡ䶼Թ
аļУĿձɽ̽ԵĽս棬ܸͬܵеգѩŮּ䣬ѾЯ֮ʮֿ¡ͨط֮ɣɱǿͼͨȻǿܽ˲
ɱѩŮͶ㣬κιǷȻ
ٶԪ񾳣ҵʱ䲻ˣͻüޡ
аһ
ѾھС
ڣԿУͼѾʵʣһͼд󣬷ͻ
ླ꣬Ѿۣھۻ֮ʱֻ۵Ĳ꣬˻ꡣ
ԺпٸֳླѶϢ
֮УΪ꣺һԻ̥⣬Իˬ飬Իľ
У̥Ϊ̫֮죻ˬΪ֮䣬УҲˣľΪ֮ӣڵءԣֳ֮Ϊꡣ
˻̥״̬ĸ֮ʱ˵껹ڵģԣĸ֮컯һ䣬Ҳ˵
һ䣬աػڴأ˻סǶأУ֮ڣ֮ϵһֲĥӡǡ
ԣͻ¶Ľ£̤ȪģԵػǣͻػȻȻںϣںϵḶ́һʱ䡣졣Ȼͱɹ꣬ںϵػ꣬ˡ
ںϵػ䣬øȹ̣ԷؼСҲͷ߻ꡣ
޷ںϵġ˵ں꣬Ǿǳ׳˳ӣҲ졣
ԣླںϵʵ˻꣬Ҳˬ顣
ֻҪں˻꣬ǾǷԲ۳ࡣ
Ψһνڵ˻ǣ
֮˵ǣ˻겢ѡ
̣Ϊ̥ϢҲǼ
˻ǽڣ£ػںϣΪƽʱ˻ڣײֵģΨн̥Ϣ״̬ܽ˻бȳѾ뷨ڣ˻һ֣Ȼ뷨ںϣǻǽڡ
һûгɡһ䣬ʱڵĺʼʧ
࣬ʼʧ಻ˣڱ޺ë׶պϡѪתͣ͡
¿ʼ䡣
ָоͺˣѾûкûˡҲܲ˿
ǰԻᱻ϶һʬ
ͣһѪתУѾһ޶
£ԿУѪУһ˿˿εȻð˳һգۼ䣬Ϊһģ͸мһģһģֻǣɡ
ǻ꣬˻ꡣ
˻ֵһɲǣ־·𳹵С
һַ·Գĸо
ˢ
ûκγɣ˻ֵһɲǣʱ͸оУͼڣ۷дݳһ޷ݵٽ˻곯۷
ʣǲɿܵġ
һ˻ͳС
˻ǽڡ
һ̣ио־׵뵽һֲ״̬С
ʱ䣬أôһ¶־뵽һƬС
ͺӤĸ֮Уһ̥״̬һֿտҲһƬհ׵龰ȫ뵽ֹ״̬С


1091 Ԫ
һŻֵ״ָ̬о·ٴλصĸ塣ְȫůԼ컯ģܵĳУԸָоУߵ㣬ǳյ㣬صľͷ
ǽ١
ԷླԲʱȻᾭĽѡ
һ٣׽٣̥Ϣ֮١Ҳ컯֮٣ʿ־ȫصĸУ̥ʱ״̬״̬У־ûм䣬ȴܸܵһУǾԶѣΪյʱ̡
Ҫѣֻĳһ̣ܹռ䣬תȻҲпѲΣգʵ޷Ԥ⣬ԣܶʿ׼䣬һ˵ĳЩķ÷ླ̥֮ܿԡ
磬ɶ򵤣ֱɹ̥֮ԣָ䣬ȻȻƿϣֻǣʹöɶ򵤵ͬʱҲһַԵѡ
Ҫֽ֪٣ͬҲ컯
̥Ϣ״̬У඼ž޴ĺô಻ϳɳпֱͻƵԪ񾳡
ԪʲôԪʵ˻ںϣڷ֮ڣѾԪֻ̥ǣ⵱оһɱḶ́ͺ̥ɳΪһȻҪһʱĹ̡
Զɶ򵤶ɹ̥֮ԣȻǷ컯೯Ԫɱ䣬ҪһΪĹ̡ƾɹ̥Ϣ֮٣ͻڶɽٹУϵ컯֮÷̥ϢĹУԪɱ䡣
ʲôԪ񾳣˵ʵǹɱɹĹû
ླ۷˻ںϡԪ񾳣ҪɱԪںϵػ꣬ںϵػ꣬Ǿζţĳ̶ֳϣֻصĵ·
̥ϢĹУȻȻǣػڣػںϣΪԪʹöɶ򵤣Ȼû컯ҲòĺûᣬһɶͣԽһż
һУȫ
ֻоĶһůʵ״̬УȫҪѡȻȻģ˻Ѿ뷨ںһ𣬶ʱܿ۷ܿʵʸСʵĳ̶ֳϣıѾû
֮ƿأ˲õ
ǺͼĸǷΧ˲䱩ʮƿصȸǿзɱ䣬ԴԴϵصͼͼУһʵɢãѹطƿأױȡ
ңС
ڴУһػȻȻշ𣬳ڣҲ̥Ϣ֮Уɵľ͸ںһڵػһɲǣȻ俪ʼ仯
ֱ仯ʮһϵĲꡣ֮ĸӦ˲Ϊɱ䡣Ԫ񾳣ʹǿ֮Ԫ֮ǳĿʼһԪڵԪɱɷҲ֮ΪС
Ȿһ൱Ḷ́ȴ̥Ϣ֮УȻȻĶɹһ㶼ûа̻֮
ȻЩȫ޷֪ġ
־ֲ֪״̬г١
ʱȻš
ھУȻԿжϣһûУ䣬ģѾûκ
û̥ϢѵĻʣǾһˡ̥Ϣг׹
һ죡
죡
죡
ĸ֮ڵĸо֪ô԰ΣԸᡣ
ʱȥƺһ㶼ûҪѵļ
һ˯Ҳ̫˯͸ˡ
ʱһԺͺǳĺһ㡣

һ̾ϢпзǱպ۾ܣвһĨ䣬̥̾Ϣ֮ٹȻȻ£컯ͬҲǽ١ҪзڣҪѣ֪Ҫȥḁ́Ϣĸо޷԰ΣԸᡣȷʵһ컯
Ԫ񾳡
ǵģѾоΪ磬УѾϢĵִԪ񾳡˻ػںϺ֮ϵøӵ׽ǿҡԪ𣬿ɶԪĴڣֶθࡣУڵԪȫɱɷ
ܿڵ񺣣֪зɱ䣬󺣡
ɫķȻȻĻУУܸܵÿһηнľˮȸָķڱáжϣϱԴӰ£ȻȻľͻڷӡ
һ䣬ûгɣһʱͽ뵽ʶС

һ̣ԿʶУ׵ģһŻɫķ뺳֣ƾո֣濴ǵ棬ɼһѺۡѺܿµĺۼ
Ѻۣ಻٣ʮŵѺ۴Ŀġ͸մһ൱Ŀ
ÿһǲĥ
ֻǣֻڷɱ䣬һε컯֮ԴԴϵ뵽Сûɫһ㳯ɫɱ䣬ͬʱҲڱ
ֱ仯ȫۿԿġ
漣
ַתͬʱһ˿Īĸ̾Ծĳ䡣ĸܵǱıǡĽ
֪УܿȻȻ0ɱɫͨ徧Өɫ͸¶һֺ嫹㲩ɢӯӯ⡣Ѥ
뺣ˣһֱɫС֮֮ǰҪ֮ࡣ
ԭµѺۣȴûʧʼմϣʮŵЩѺۣڱøУɣԵЩۡ
ԿֻϣѺۡ
֣Ԫʿɫ֡
Ԫʿһ꼫޵ԪҵѾ˵ΪĽ
аԳ
κʿԪȻ֮أ˭ͻʱضһʱעľԼɱ䣬ֻɱǿ󣬲ܻϼԪһԣ󲿷ֵԪʿûа취ﵽһԪֻǧ߰ǧصԪ
ҪԪ
ȻвһԱ
޽ˡ
ҡҡͷЦЦ
ûдʶȥ
ԿǱɫϣȻһ֡ǸԵмáȣƺӵ鸡ͬɫֵ֡ĴСҲȫͬġɢһӯӯ⡣
α֣
Ȼһֻα֡
ʲôα֣Ǿбֵ֣ͬԪǶԪ磬ԹһЩִ꣬ﵽºʣԪ۶ɵα֣֣µϮ
ڷླʱֵļޣǧԪ㱾־ǧ꣬ǳ꣬ЩǱȻ۳α֣̺Ԫ
ԭ۵ֻǧԪͻٴɱ䣬ŵǧΪֹжģŻ۳α֡


1092 
֮һֻ꣬гԵһʱãκ꣬һޣͬ꣬ӵԪƵġﵽһΣǾ޷ӡ
ֻα֣ܴﵽɫٲȻΪħսϳԵһöһԪһԪͬԪ
˵ڵȫӵԪ
Ԫʿһ֪Ƕôһơ޷Ԫĳ̶ֳϣһֵ̡
ڲû̫ô
ãּʱα־ͻֱ뱾֣Ȼ󣬱־ͻ˲ָڶ
νڣоգңԪ񾳣ġ쾭ƿΨҶֻҪͰ࣬ͿӵԪʵԪǵ׼ȷĸϣȻ
аӰ˵
ҵĵʼվͺȷǾϵ۵
кԥ˵ɫ¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
۵ۻ֮ǧΪ𣬺ΨҶϵ۵Ҳ֮ȷ˳֮ʱѾȫȷᶨƵ˳Ŀȥ
Ԫ
Ԫ
Ԫ֮ǿǾԪ˵۳ĵȷĴ
磬ϲ۳ĵȻǻңͨ磬컯ʣñµĻֱӱʵһֻͻǾñȻγһֻͻķ𹥻ΪԼɱС
С˵ңС˵Ϊܾ֣Խ棬С˵е۳ΪսǽС˵еıһּΪϴͨС˵ңս죬൱¡
ҲٵΪģѳ֮ħȵȱͨͬ£κһӵв˼ΰ
ĵһȷûа취׸ģֻܲϵļᶨǰȥ
кȷĵǾϵ۵۵ΪΨҶ֮Ҳƿ֮ﵽ£Գ棬ԣ򷨣һԶϡ
ǺǣԪ񾳣Ҫ֡Ҫ׼Ӧ֮
аЦ˵
֣ҲԺ顣
ƽ˵
ʵܶ˶֪
μоĵˡ
ʦ޳ɳ֮ʱ֪һ޳Ǿͻӭ֡
֮˷ǳ֮֮컯֮֮󣬹ݡĵɣǵԪ
ʦ˵Ԫפ٣콵ִ㣬ҪģԤȶܡù룬㲻ʹ˾콵㡣಻Ƿ𣬻ԱӿȪѨֱ͸ԫɻң֫࣬ǧУΪáִֽ꣬㡣粻Ƕ磬ǺѬ˷磬಻ǻ磬硣ضдϣ裬֪⡣ԶҪ
֡
ʵҲĳֻ˵̤ϳĵ·
Ԫĳ̶ֳϣ˵ǳҲ޲ɡ
ֵĿ£֪
ȻԺ顣
֣ҲԪ񾳽׶Ρ
Ԫ񾳵ͻϢû׽٣û󣬾ôȻȻˣУûκ֪һ㡣
δܵһŵơ
вûдֱӽϢݳȥһ£δеһƣԶȱٵƣûеƣҲζţԼĵ֮·пʱսᡣ

֪Уʮȥ
ʮУձɽʧܵԭ½жֳһֽǿ־ϢѩŮ˵ʱԽֿ־̿־͸ӵŨҡ˭֪ʲô׻ᷢʲô
һ졣ȴȻû
һּΪڴĿ⿴Ƴ
׷߳ţյϡ
ҪϢûжԴװεĽҪ°յڵõϢ󣬼аնоһеԺθС
ףƳǡ
һ죬֮УгȫʽĹٷԻΪǴơصء
ϡ
һݴһ·죬ֱӳڹ㳡֮ϡϣսۣһ̤ÿһ죬ȴڶ̶ʱڣʹ̤ڹ㳡ϡ
̧ۿա
ƺУȻԿһƺгˡ
̨ʥּɵСܸܵõǵϢ뵱ȣ֪˶ٱ˱ǡ
̨
һӿ³
ˢ
µ˲䣬Ϳƺеļֱ̨ӳƳǣ㳡֮ϡ
ֻ̳֮ǰȣѾı䡣棬̵ķԽԽ࣬ɢϢԽӵĺأӰ̺Ų˼־
̳غоɸߡ㡣
һΪķڶԲΡһݿݵĽһаʮһ̨סȡžŹһ⡣
̳һԲһΪԲطһڴ֮ϣǵ̳ڶΪԲΣ죬̨̳Ǽ־Ȼڼ̳У̺
һ֣ڳУͷ·̳־̳
̳ȴûн֮־
Ϊ˳֮Ȼ̨ܸܵı仯
زϵȴ޷칵ͨ
ɣΪѹ־޷޷ʱ̷ǶԼ̨ӦҲܲӦ
£ûлӦǾζţ֮٣޷У㿪ʼҲעòӲܡû׿ϣǵòλġ
ڴ˿̣ȷʵΪҪһ㡣
ϡƷ
һʢװϼ̨վڲλһϺȡ
εļ죬ƿأ䵱ּ졣
һ̹һֻֻ̨̣ǰĹȥ
ʱ̨һεȻȻĽЩƷȡż̳˹ȥ
һÿһЩռ
һֻͨʵģȴһֻ«һʯһֻͲ֪ήȻǲҲȫֱ治
һһֻǣһֻǣһֻʮֹĶǲĶǣҲȫ
ϵ̨
Ȼ˵
ƷλҲûгɣһż̨̤ȥһεݣûвκε֮Ȼɵľ̤ȥ
һټ̨ˡ

ٴ˵
һ̣ƳУѻȸĿ⣬ڼ̨ϡж¡


1093 
Կڰգ޵пܣʹҴװգܹǿ裬Ӱ죬ħսҹаħԡѪɱսȻ֮ҹſ档ӵɳ°ڶ࣬հҵ
书Եֵֵʳ֣ʡ
Ѿ޷Ȼ䣬ˣ޷ɼ죬ϼƷ٣׼λ١
һһ䣬һֶصɣ¶ڹ
Ϊ֮١
йż̨ңңһݡ
˳֮û˭ܹ׵ĳİݼͨʿ˶飬˱ܲס˳֮ļݣ̤ڼ̨ϳݣȻһεΰ졣
٣
һ̣ƳУշ׷׹ݣһĵźźУ̺ÿһԸõϣ
Ը糱ˮڼ̨ϡ
Թߵ£Ⲣһջģľ⣬һֿԸԸؼһԸ컻أԺɽ
̨֪пʼ⣬ɢĹâз˸
٣
ڴͬʱֻƳеգУڶͬʱԸɺ嫵Ը糱ˮϯɽ麣Хӿ̨С
У̳ܿϵҲڷ⣬һĪƺڼ̳ϣĿʼڻɳһööصķģż̨ӡȥУ̨ϵķƺĳֲ˼ɱ䡣
Щﲻ֪̺ʲôأȻ뵽̨С
֪Уƺ̨ĳֱ仯ƺӵΰãƺܹĳ𲻿˼Ĵڡ
١
೯׷׹ݼ
°յԸΪ룬̨ݴϣܽ뵽١
еԸУ̨ƺı仯
ڼ̨ϿգϢģƺĳأԵΰڣֻһε־ûֳڸֵһɲǣضΪ֮һ࣬ԿƮķѩĪͣˣƺֶҪΰ־˱ܡ
ңڱֻļ̨ϣȻֵ㣬һΪΣڶΪԲΣγɵĵΣΪǣ־ƺ֮ϵһ㣬Ǹ㣬֮ͬ˵һ㡣
Ǵ١
ҲһȻǹ־ֻһ˿ܸܵϣȫ˵־޴ڣ֮Сͺһֻε۾ڶԼ·ԼһУ־ǰ͸ġǰûκܿԡ
ǵ
ؼ䣬һзϣڵ
䣬档
ԸﹴգôڴϿգʣ̫Ĳɸƣؼǣ״̬¡޷Ӧ֮ϣд޴ڵĴһ£ȻᱻΨ£лϵ
ݵأ
ͬӦεĴѾ֣вӿֳһ󼤶֪ǳɹǺʣһοٵذϴ١
һݵأϣΪĸ
ɫȻ˵
еټ̨һ㣬ңңݣһݣݴع壬ܹ԰ԷϢ಻
һݣ𶯣׽ڱ
죬Ϊн嵱ǿ
ٴκ
Ҳ˳Ƶٵڶ㣬ٴιȥĿռ䣬Ψǿܷܲϡڡ
ֻǣһΣûӦ
ѾȻ޷ʱ֡Ҳûа취ֳκ
ⲢûжӰ졣ⱾԤ֮е顣
ݵ컯أԸ岻ף崫в𡣡
߼ֵ
һϵ㣬̤ȥһɲǣĸоͷһε־ƺԼϣѹȻȻĳϣǽԪ񾳣ɸܵͺһƬһ㡣
֮УռݴҵλѾ޷Ҵ׹ˣش˼ڵ׼ʳ
һһ䣬˵ÿһ³ʱоϵѹȻΪ㣬־ᣬ޷˵ᱻѹ壬Ӽ̨Ϲȥ
꣡
ż棬к׵ĴһĺƺԴĻӦ
Ҳһ̣бܵĸоԴ·𱻴ƣ޳
գҴ׵ʳ
дϲ̤ڼ̨ϣһ
ʳʳ
ƳУһ¶֮ɫΪʳλģȻǾ컯
°նԣͬо޴ĺôڻʳ֮У۵ˣͬ¡ӰԵ
ͬڽ֮ǰҪģǡǡƳǡ
֮ͬǰһΨƳɱǣʸ񿪹ơˣˡҵλ߲ãҲͲá
һԽ磬ͻ
Ҫʳͱɱɻʳǡ
ֻӵлʳǣܽɱ䡣
ȻƳǵĻѾȫ㹻ԸƳǣԴԴϵԸ£ıС֮꣬ѾŴԽԽ࣬ǵķΧԽÿ춼кԸҡǮۡң֮룬ƳǶɱ䣬̴ֲһ̰塣ʹﵽǵļ¡
ûԥɨһգٴοڵϣƳ֮УƳΪǣ񣬽գʳѾ޷ܣش˿׼Ƴǽʳǡһ׼
ƳǵĽֱͬ
ڴϿգҪǲץסλᣬôܡ
οҪ˳ɱɴ˳ؼڻʳǣʳΪ׼Դ֮ƳǾͳ״ϴıǣԺٴν޷׸档
յĸ
׼
һ޷־ԺС
ٲȻԴĻӦ
꣡
ŴӦȻԿƳϿգһƾ֣Уһ׹ڴɢµѹ·ҪµһУͨͨݻ١
٣ǽסƳҪɱ䣬ҪٵĿ顣ǶͬǶƳǱ
ڽƳֵһɲǣһεѶϢȻȻĳԺУаȻ


1094 Ф
ǰƳǽճܿģ඼飬صĿ飬һδԽţŵΰСС˽㣬һ·ɱΪߣ˵ϵɱ䣬ŵڴﵽʱѾ˾ͷ
˵Ѿ
ֻѪ޷ٴɱ䣬Ѿ޷ãΨо׽ٵϴƶڽϴѪɱΪ
ʣԽһο顣
ףͬƳƻƳǱ״ݻ٣ȻҲ޷ΪʳǣǶ޷֣ûǿķܽʳǡʳǣǻʳ棬ϡҪǱƻǾͲ֮ܳΪʳǡ

ڸܵٵĳ֣һֱ̾ƺеʱ˷ˣ췢һ߿áƺеֱԻؼ䡣
ɼ
ԲʮɴСسСڣȻԿɫĳˮһ㲨еѾˣңաΪƺ
ôѾﵽһ߰ʮ˰ɡǲ˼顣
Ǵ飬Ǵ׵ĹˣԽǿǴ׹ԽǿԽǿܱжٸСǴףСġ
һգе϶¶һԺ
Ѿ׽һһپ١
һĻĲƳǣ֮ڣаգܿһεΰ£ȻȻĸܵ
ô£Ϊʲôֽƣң˵Ŀֲ˺ƴ󡣴ûгֹܵ
ǴףԴףǡȻ˾޴󡣡
ҪʲôһٶɣɣȫԽĽޡѵҪ
ܱ壬ͬһʱ䷢Դ׵һĿ۹գأҲŨŨļɵɫԵüΪÿһ֣ǶŴʵǿ󣬵̵ۺ
û˭Ը⿴ױǿ
ָоһսͷƺʱпֱ׹Լͷ­նںʵޱȡкɫˡ
ҪˡʳôнֱǰδС
ɽׯС
ȻԿ鹫ԺһϯһȺʿһƷ죬ڿ̲סһĨ𾪡
Ȼؼһ֮нλǺε֮£ֻ£Դ֮󣬲֪֮ȴ¡
һʿԸ̾ϸȥ˺ȻϼʿϼҶȻڡ
Σû˭Ը˳Ĺ̡
ĵһΣͬҲеĵһΡһɽǾ磬һʳ

ж˫۾ǣ޷ı׿ʼʵҲ޷Ӱ쵽˿̵١
¡¡
УͻȻ䱬
һУȻԿܼ籩ϯ£ÿһջµĹ켣ƳصĺȥÿһɢһǿϢԺɣЩĿ£ͼǿߣҲиܵвླǿߣǿҿ־塣
ƻ֮ǿǷླʿȫֵ
ңؼǣⲻһܼͬϯ˲ͽƳǳ׸ǡ
һ̣ܿɢľ塣
޹صǣȫǰĻ̫𺳣̫˼顣ȫҪƳǳ״ݻ٣κɳǶ޷ֵȻᱻݻٵķѣΪһƬ档
ҲþţվԭأЩ˺ǡ
еĻݵÿһ˶УУƺ̺һֶصǱܵĸоһְΡľţȻȻƽ
µ˲䣬ͿƳУڳеʮФͬʱ˸ŹâƺлХ͡ʮӵ
ƳУֳصƹ켣ʮȻȻĻΪһ޴ĽɫϡڱϣܿʮФӰ֣棬ʵ
ܼڽϣֻǽϣһһһԴԴϵģ޷ƿ
ܿЩڽϣȻȻܵһصȻȻʧƺǱʲôԵ֮һա
Ҫ֪൱ڷླǿ󹥻һǳǧܼĳ̶ȣԪǿĹǰҪ˱ᣬη֣ײС
ô
ƳĽ絽ʲô󷨽ôʲôơ
һ̣ʿĿãе𺳱κ˶Ҫĸǿҡӵ𾪡
ַ̫£ȫ߸ԺеӡһֱƳǶûгǽǲؿģУܶãƳǵķܻĳֶ̰塣
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˷ﻹҪʲôƨǽȫͲҪ
˶Ȼûа취ƿƣֱ
ʮФֻ¶ɽһǣҲأ᲻ɴݡټ֮ѾƳǵԲȫһ̰塣
ȴû˿֡
ʮФͼǵħս϶һģһһ뵽ƳУ˵ƳʵϣѾ൱ʮФͼĵʮФơƣȫƳǡܿڳϸֳķģۣʵФͼ
֮Ϊ󷨵ĺģȻΪģԴԴϣ㳤档У֮һɰٴ֮õ֮һ
ΪҪƳǣڵһʱͽզƿ򣬸ûκλᡣ
жֱӱɽ֮У׻Ϊϣ֮еԽԽʢǿ

ƳǺ£һΪ˷ܵ
͵
ϸȥУ֪ʱֱһɫԵޱȣһ㣬ͨԣӵĿ£ӵײС
Ȼ˿ûгɣֱӳǵɫٺȥ
ʣҪ٣ȻҪӵǿ
һĪĻᣬҲǽؽΣա
ɫغϡ
˵צһצͽǽɫء
µĻˡ
ɫ̺޾âѾһֲֿĽýɫ׵ɫ鲼ȫšзϢĿʼС


1095 צ
ڽСܿƺһִϴѪеɱ䣬״Ż̺ͬ컯ܽ׵ϴԭȵѪʱ޳ϵĳŸߵѪнһƬƬɫƬڽз䣬ڰΪ⣬Ѥʡ
һףͽһٰʮɵֻʣһʮɣɢȴŨеĹâ財

ӵĸ߿
ŵڶµĽӭȥ
¡¡
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ʣ׽٣ͬǲɶõϴ񣬱ԡ׽٣ϴѪ
Ȼⲻûд۵ģ۾ֱ̲Ӿͻ׽лΪҽпܲûн˻ǵ̵Ҫԡ
ǿ󣬲׽ɱ䡣
ŵڶɢܿٴСһΣֻһʮɣͬʱϵƬ룬Ĳ֣ٴɫֻۣǣϣƺܿصơٲȻɱ䡣
֮ǰֻƬȣŲСĲࡣ

ĵ
һαһͣһαһΰԵֻǵۺϵһδ飬һδν¡
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ƬΪۣϳһۡǵģϸܵĽɫۣۣ֮ӲĲλͬҲһ㣬ǾţһƣҲᵱ䣬ȴ
ڲС
Ȼϵɱ
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צзֺֿɢһ֮
ھŵʱ

һ߿˺Ʋ񷣬쳹ա
ڴ֮Уݣļݣսȵȣ׷һ̣ſڵأһѪУԱܵһ־ηһֳеĲ׷׳ݡ
壬ؼ壬֮˵Ĵڡںܶ޶ԣǾ޷󼰵Ĵڡֻ
ֱɱ䣬Ϊצɱ
צʳ顣
иܵɱ䣬ҲɰϲֱһĪϲ¡ʣʳؼһѾɡ
ң˿̣ȻԿƳУϧЩȻͣȴûа취ʮФ󡣽γɵĽ磬ǿޱȣ棬ֱ֮һգΪɳǵϡ
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ɱΪצ󣬶ʱƳǶʼɱ䡣
һͨ쳹ص컯ƾճ֣ƳǶڡ
ش͸͸컯
пֳһͷ
ȳֱ仯ľء
ԿԲʮɴСһεΰ£ʼɱ䡣ԴԴϵ컯뵽Уÿ䶼ڱǣͣŴգۼ䣬ͷԲʮʮﵽԲǧʮɴСƳϿա
Ҳһ̣̾ڴϿյĺˣ˲䳯л۹ȥڵȪ۷·޵׶㣬ź嫵ˣгһ©֮ˮôԶԶѡʧȪɡתۼ䣬ؾΪ֮һաƳϿգΪ֮һա
öȪתʱתγɿֲС
ȫɺʱתȪڴ˺׵˳ʱת̽ȥ֮ˮֱӿ
һһ䣬ƺ컯ɡ
ɫ֮ˮѾɫɱˡڻʳǵˡ
пҲӿֳһϲ֮ɫ
ɵ͵ߣɫɫɫɫɫɫɫɫϽ
ʳǵ˾ɫɫͬ󺣣ͬգľһֹ㲩󡣺ޱߡǺɫɫ֮ɫǡ
Կӿģɫ֮ˮһɫһֺ·ԤʾŻʳǺɰٴ
ȪۻָУɫ֮ˮͬȪһԴԴϵӿøɿݵУٴοʼֳˮңеĳˮۿɼٶӡ
ɫ
˿ĵһۣӵһ֮С
ԭȵĻɫˣɫ˽ɱ䣬ͬҲ˳Żʳɱ䡣ңȪѾɱ䣬컯£ȳֱ仯
ֻǣ֮תʮʮĲࡣ
գƺתɫ˺󣬿ԿƺԱСֻԭȴĻʵ̫Ӵˣ̫ˡ
ȫתӵпԸǷԲɷΧƺңȪУԴԴϵ֮ˮ

צڰзһ߿ѾһٶֱС߰ʮɣȻȻ֮ǰȣȴС˴롣⻹ǵһʱͽͻƵĻͱȻС
צУ˷ܵΣƺдƺ֣ûа취ȫòֻܿһƬצģǼײββסȴеĸϡ
̫ˣƳѾɱĻʳǡ
ĿãԸֳһ˿Ժ˷ܡ
ֵýһ顣
¼ɳкܶ࣬ܽʳǵģȴֻһ
ɱ䣬ƳҲɱ䡣
ԴԴϵ컯뵽ƳС컯з·̺Ų˼컯֮Ըĳ壬ۿɼٶɱ䣬øǿӼ̣ӳȡ֮ǰֹڣճĵۡʮФƸ뵽С
֪УƳǵĽơԼܿʮФͼڳУÿһ
ڵϢšһ˿ʼʮÿ䶼ڱǣȻȻ͡ۿɼٶڱ
ⲻ컯ƳǱĻۡ
ƳǱѾӵб֮ǰĳ壬ֻǣƾûֳѣڽνĻᣬͷų
Ȼ֮ǰĴСҲûĴ
һ컯֮Ĵ£ɱ䣬Խŵġ
ûԸ֮£ֱŵġʮֲ˼顣컯档
ڳϡ˸޾ԡ
ڹϣһص롣ۿɼٶţڷ׳޴֦˷ӡաµĸ룬ڳ֮ڣ֩㣬ӸǡţĸͬѸӣ½ЩŵĿհײ֣ǹȥ


1096 ׻ʳ
֮ͺǳ˾磬Ӽȶศɣ뵽Ƴ֮ڣ˵Ƴһ֣ǲɻȱһ֡ؼڡ
ʱԿƳеʮФԭȻûĵһ̣컯֮Ĺע£ȻȻµ
һ



˲Ϣ䣬ͿʣФȫҲ˵ƳУһֱ̣ӵʮ
ԪһʱɢݳӿƳǡ
ͬʱʼǡ
ٴη룬תۼ䣬һȫµг֣Ϊһȫµƽ硣
Ѿӵƽ硣˿ڽʳٴ£ϵƽĲ㣬ϵƽһӴﵽء
ȻЩƽ磬δ·ġ
ڶ˵ģǶˡ
ɴˡ
ͬʱƽ磬һƾۣôڹϳ˳
ƽأΪһƽ硣
Ŀã͹ϵƽǾƽ糹׶£ڣΪڶˣ۷壬һƽ硣ڵӦýʹŶԡ
ƳǷı仯ʵ̫ˡ˿ڵĻǧ˿ھסСоӵʮֵĺ嫣ġ
Ӫڶƽ硣Դ֮󣬵ڶƽΪս硣
һ䣬Ƴǿʼɱʱ̣ҲʼƳеĹ滮ӪƳ֮ڣѾЩ̫ʣҪǨƣ빬ϵƽΪʲ
ƽ磬Ϊµҽ칤Ҫڡ
Ĳƽ绯ΪΪȹԱ칫ڡתĹ
㣬֮У˵ľס֮ء棬ԱļԾסУӵйѫĽʿ飬ɾסС
ƽ磬Խʥء
УƳɸ˿ڡ
ͬʱ֮ǰԪڵһʱͱһƽС
ÿһƽԪŨҲȻͬ
ͬʱƳУ֮ȻȻӿ֮עƳУ˲Ϣ䣬ƳǵĳøӼǿͬʱڳУ챦Ϣĵõɱһħħڵ챦׷ɱ䣬ֱԼѾȫ۷챦
֮Ĵ߶£ܱǿƻ
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ʮФڵͬڲϵıǣٶƽʱٱǧֹ޷ݡ
֪У֮Ҳɱ䣬۷챦Ԫٶȸ죬ңӴһжڱ仯ƳǣѾһȻ
¡¡
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ɳǶ緢޾⡣
Ƴǣʳǡ
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ǵģƳȫͻƣңνһǽʳһֱӽΪϼɳǡһɳǣ֮˫ǿ󣬶ңս֮ǿ鱦ᱻѹһǾһ춯صĿֲڡ
һ㣬ûпƳǰܹ֪
Ƴǽʳǣյʳ
Ŀã鼤һƽ
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һöƱɵӡһϵļ춦һׯصĹһŰ񵥣һľᡣ
ЩȻ
춦УѾȼ㣬ɢΪһƣγʱЩŴƺ¡
Ѿõ׿ϣеĹһ٣ҲǼ֮˳֮
пǰվڼ춦ǰ
һ
һɫׯصĿڳɫ˿иǼ½ǰδеĵһΡһɣǱؽǧš
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ݡһֶص
ûԥ϶ΰ
ٰݡ
ݡ

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ء
ٶȹ¡
ݡ
ٰݡ
ݡ

Ǽǰò

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ٰݡ
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գҴ׽ʳؼ֮֮ʹ׻ʳҵλ
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еĸߺȣȻԿڼ춦УдݳУɫ糱ˮ춦УУΪһɹ֮뵽һ֮С
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ͬʱܿ׽ڣϣȻȻһɰˣڽĴУԴԴϵĵӿ֣ƳΪĵĸٲȻʼɱɫɣǻʳǿӰɱ䡣
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Ҳ¶һĨ֮ɫȻһߺֱ쳹أ׽֮ڡ
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ʳǴѾǻʳˣ׻ʳĴ׻ʳ
֮УոǼĻڲ궼ڲָоһɵĸܡ

Ҳһ̣һ߿
ͻȻ䳯г˹ȥһ޴ȻȻûУһ޵׶漴Ҳеڡ
ȻȻϴˢеѪһϴӣڵһȫ忪漴ַС
еϢʳ
ţǴ׻ʳ֮
Դͬʱеķڰ֮УȻţƺеĺ˾ڡ˷ˣȻȻûԽԽࡣģڷϷգױǡ
ƺ޾ԴԴϵĻ۶

žʹͻȻſҧסƿնȥд󣬰
֮ȻԿһɫĹһذ㣬Ʈ¡
ƳǣܱߵһɳǣצĴ󣬳ģ콵ء


1097 ͬ 
Ѳ죬նɣ
֮ɫĸشÿһɳ֮ڣڻ⣬ȻȻĻᱻظǵ·һ谭ȻϡһɲǣЩɫ꣬ôûڣ뵽ѪС
һɲǣԸоĶ·ǵõ
ָоͺȵУԵһѩһֱǴɢһˬ
ϵľˣȫָˣ֮ǰ岿µĲҲȫˣҸоԼ·ָഺָ˻Ǳӿ֡
Ŵ岿нȳİգܵɫϵı仯̲ס¶ϲ֮ɫ
֮ǰ岿УݵλǵʱܻѾһ漣ʮּѵ飬һЩ˲ǼֱЩ˲̤֮·ɻδɼӰ죬˵˸ҡԴĸǱ
ڽ޷ĻͻΪδ
Ϊǰĳֹؼʱ̣Σ
󲿷ֵİ˶ľˮãɸεľˣɸٹ̡
ڣԡڹ֮µİգĸоƳױ޳ɨһաֱһľذ
ҸоľƿɶˣҵΪҪͻˡ
Ҳоˣؼֱ鵤ҩΪڲԾӣң˵ľڵķڱĸӾеʶ޳ֱϴ裬̥ǰ
ϣҾȻˣѵұкϣǰûоѣ컯£׾ˡ
ĸоΪ翪ʼͻƣͻƣûκġһĪ컯кֱܶӾϡ
ϵϿٷֱӾôٳϡȻȻһֹ̣ʮֵ档
ȫص컯
ͺħսϣ컯£һϿԿٿٳ˸֮£ͬЧ
ϰϡ
Ըı˵컯
ٰ֪аԿϲϲÿ˵ϲͬӵеҲͬܶնûʲôҪֻҪһЩͨϣڽıǴĲƸ
磬ľԵϣڳΪũƣֲҩ죬ϵĸЩϵİգ׷״ϲǸı˵ĻᡣԼϣôܲˡ
צһɳǾͻᱻɫ˸ǡ
콵أͬ죡
иԴ׽ڣɳеĻҲ¶һĨЦݡ
Ĳ˵ֻΪݷеϲã¸ĴۣǾȫֵһᡣ
ǵģ˸أȻƾնֱĴ׻ʳ˲ܽ£Ҫ˳Ĺвſԣͬ졣ĵȻ١ȴջġľˣһһ䣬ĵʵࡣ
Ҳȡ֮֮
ܻģջҪıءܿÿɳˣٶ֮죬֮ǰҪˡȻĵ
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ͬʱԿһɹԴԴϴ˷۶Ϊһɫ˲ͽ׻ʳڣõĳڡ
˲Ϣ䣬ҵݼ̹⣬ŷɣƳˣȻɢһɾ˵ƣΪ磬ǡ
УһƬƬƾճ֡
ѹѹģɢֲ
ƣ׽٣˭Ҫɽ١
˭ʲôҪɽ١ƵĹģô˾޴ԽԽӴˡ
¶֮ɫ׷׿ա
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ⱬ䣬âһȻԿһھ޴޴صڹصϣƺܿһϵ̾ᡣ޾
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Ϊͼ
Ȼѡľͼ۳µΪࡣǵµȻȻһǿԡšĳյĽնȥ
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Уգ˺һС
ǹܿһѾ㹻Ĵس˹£׷׿ʼͻƣͻƵȻͬʱͻƣٻ˶ӣʱڴɱĹУ٣ҲҪ˱ɣࡣ
£ûмǿǣ˼ɹʴڣȻ
ܿ죬ܼĽױ鲼ա
һǿ߿ʼɽ١
ͨУо˺Ѳ񷣬նƽס
֪У̶̰ʱ೯׷׶ɹ٣۳࣬ླ
úúãֻһͻƣҴ׵ʵ˲ֹ
дϲǳͻƣڴ׾Ӫ֮УʿҲ׷׿ʼͻƣսȻűǡʵϵһɱ䡣
ҲǴ׽Ļ
ǻʳ˳֮˵Ĳ˼顣£׷ţһ壬ͬ˳ĺô
ͬʱУڡ
ոͻƵԪ񾳵ľ磬˹£ǡ
Ԫڲ׳
ڵķӡ
һ꣡
꣡
꣡

ͻƵԪʱѾӵвĵСңĵз˿̣бǣգۼ䣬ʹﵽİʮĵз
Ҫ֪зɲһܻ꣬һĵз
˿̿е񺣣ͻῴУһƬ󣬸ֳһɫԪ纣ˮһ㣬ʵԪԪȻӴ󡣿񺣵ײȻԿһööɫξۣÿһö嶼·ؼƷ
覡ܿصĵƽ˸ճ
棬ƺ̺ŰΰԴԴϵԪ뵽С
ڵĵϷںԪ۳ĽᾧҲǵС
಻٣İʮö
ԪЩнᾧ
нᾧǱҪ㹻ĵϷԪ֮һ𣬲ۣһۣͻữΪʵĵϷطȻŷȴҲŷԵд߶ԪܸӾˣ÷̺ǿķϡ
ÿһöʵӳǿһ֡ǵ뷨໥ϵ
˵вһ꣬۳һöпܣһ۳öнᾧҲпܣ۳һöȫԵϷйءǿۣп
뷨ںϣԪ񾳵ǿڡ
ͬдľ֡


1098 ս
ԪУÿͻήһ֡
ʵ꣬˵ʱϵ꣬ڵĵдﵽ꣬ǾͻǰһסȻܶԪʿ߰˰꣬δػӭ֣Щſܣһ꣬Ǹ̵ʱ䣬ͻӭ֡
ϵĲࡣ
һ۳öнᾧ͵ڣһĵС
δ׽ʣôģС֪Ϊʡ¶ĿޣȻӵкϷٶȣԪʿԣ֪Ҫ϶ٱ
ܿУȻһֵϲ顣
еӣڵϷĸԽӵ̡ĸ򣬸̡
İʮУֻвʮеĲ࣬һִһأͻ֡ÿȹһ֣Ԫɱ䣬øǿĹ̡
аԳ
֣ܶԪǿ߶Ǵһη״̬Ͼֺܿ£ɲǾѴʬ⵱ƽ϶þ϶ã㹻ʱȥ׼
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ȻֻһЩû׷ԪʿΪ־֮ʿȻѡֻԵо¿ԻһΡʱһҪ
Ӳѣ㲻
һգǹεĴѾٴʧŴ׵Ľɢ޴ڣô᳤ܻΪĳͣ
˳Ѿɽ
Խ𣬻쵱׽ʳ
췢һϺȡ
ȻȻĴݵڣÿһԺСͷ·ϵ
׻ʳ꣡
ڼ̳ܣƳ壬ߵȴ׳һ¶֮ɫݵ
һ̣Դ񳯰֮
׻ʳ꣡
ڴУǧʿںηһɳУԥķߺһɼᶨƵǽΪ׶սΪжս
׻ʳ꣡
׻ʳ꣡

һ̣˭ڴ׽ڣͬķڵλùȥܸܵаգ޲ǳŲļΪװԺ
ʵ򣬲ڴ׻ʳ֮ڡ
һ޷ΰ£еĻֱӳ½Ͽա
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ͥϿգ쳹һϵĻ
꣡
һɲǣڴƵıֱӽеľƬ¶һĨ뾪
ΪʲôΪʲôоȻн˳Ϊʳ׾ȻѾߵһ壬廹ǲ˼顣󡣡
ɫѿ
ǰͽ׿δǿĶ֣Ƭ½ϣʣֻӵһһͳĻȻ׶ϣǿĶ֣ͬûеףΪйӴ֪ʵжǿ
µǣ׷չٶʵ̫ˡѾ쵽޷ܵĵز

׻ʳֻУµһʳһʳ˳нһ㣬ǿηɲضҪ̣ǧţܼ
ɽׯڣ鹫ӵʿۼһ̧ۿգǵԣжһȻ
ȫ淴سĽʵ벻𾪶ѡ
ؼǣĳɹˡ
ؼ䣬һʳ˳
жǰԳȡϵļƻҪСѾǱҪסһȡ

ңԶС
ǺȻųǵѾýȻͬ
ɢϢ͸¶һ֮
һǡ
ңܿڿϿգֳһƺƺУ̾ᡣ
ȻţԿطѾ˳
֣ȻǴΣ
ڴУӵеİղǺֻܶ࣬һǧ򣬵ȴ࣬ޣȻɱСʵҲ㲻
ֻǰҲ뵽ֻС
ȻӵԸֶΣһʳܣݲϳûʸǶȱÿ춼˶ξ֣ܵǱˮ֮֡
ܿÿһʱ䣬ͻٽ¿籩ꡣˮûݣҪʿڣ˿϶ἫΪء
ˮ飬ɲǿЦ˵˵ѡ
ֱ࣬Կط˵һüӣǸпΡ
Խ𣬻쵱׽ʳ
ʱߴһ쳹ԡ
ž
ԿطеĲ豭ڵϣˤƬȻգ˵ĸӡ
׻ʳ׻УҴ֮Ĳ࣬Ȼ˾޴ô
Կطɫص૵
Ĵλڿ֧Ŷɹֻģ׾Ȼʳֱ򻨴еһ⡣
Ȼ˳ɿƵĵжǸµġ˭׵


УĿ䣬ͬǵԣϿκα仯Ҳ˳ֻȣǲһΡ
УܺãֻʱҴѷɫⲻոտʼ˭۷壬Ҫ
˵ƺڸնԻ

һ֪ĽС
ȻԿһµŮϸֳһͭߣϣƺвͬıڱţ޻Цǻϲƺϳֳ
˿һƬҰС
ܱǸѵĴأƺеˮݶױˡ
·档
ָĸоʿܲˡ
˿̣Ůһ̧ۿա
Ǹ磡
Ů
Ҳһ˲䣬ܵһɰƾðϣ˲Ϣ䣬ʼϴʣǴϴ裬ɱ䡣
ʣøǿٱ֮ǰԣҪǿֹ
ϵϢı䣬øǿ
ܸһҵġ
͸һ˿ᶨ˿ᶨִĿꡣ

ͬУҲ׷¶벻ʡ
ȻûԤϵʱ£ǣ֮нǾԵЩˡοе֣ѾڸǿǰħսϣѾף硣
׻ʳȻڱвǰʳڶҷսô
ձɽϣѩŮ̧ۿƳλãһ˿䡣ھͨѾûжãƫƫʱʲôûнѩŮ۵ס
һս顣


1099 ѩ޳
֣
֡
ĸǰ׾ȻУֱӴʳ˵֣ڴǰСıݣвԡɣǶԱѩŮƣϺݺݳһǣɫȻÿ
Ҫɱ
ѩŮЦſ׻ʳڵķ
ȻԿǱѩ̨ϣ˸ޣݣսʿյʬԴԴϵĳź̨˹ȥǻ棬ͷ·ǵƷһ㣬µǣܸܵЩʬУ걻Ǳڡ
Ŵʬͽȥ
ֿԿһɢϢıѩӺ̨̤˳
·һּ룬һת䡣۳ıѩ
бѩˣ˪˪ˣӴıѩޣݡһֱ֣ӶԱѩŮ̬
еĿ佻棬ʣЩͷųȥǴľһµѡÿһ϶ɢ˵ĺκһֻǰǶǿ·ѩ´󺮵Ĵڡ
ȴ飬ԴԴϵӿֳ
۱ѩѣǣǲƾճֵģҲԴʬ룬Щʬнͳѩ
ʬͳԼıѩˡ
ٲȻǱѩŮڼƻ顣
ѩ֮أұѩŮأɱ⡣
ѩŮеȨȶǰһӣ˵
𣡣
űѩŮĻһ£ʱͿ̾ձɽϵѩޣһ̣񣬴һֿȣĳűɽϯȥ
ԴԴϣǵء
ǼֱһƬɫ˳֮ƺһж̤ݻ١
ȾƬ߼ʵ޳
ѩ֩룬ѩħǡһ׿ǣҰţıޣѩܣѩ֮ģǲ飬һ𣬿ǾһƬֲİɫ޳Щɢĺһֱγһֲֿĺ
֮ﶼ⣬Ϊһʯͷסڵһıܴ￴ôĿ£ƺҪһУأĻΪѩ硣
ã죬Ͽ콫ϢݳȥѩŮˡ
£ձɽôӴıѩÿµĺҸоڵѪתóٻҵڿ½¶ڲšã쿴ѩ޳֮бѩϯأȫǷѩȫʲôɫ

ձɽܴͲȱٶĿߣ֮ǰһιʧܺڸ߾͸ӵӴڰУֱĿŵĽмӡ
ֻǣձɽз仯ʱʱʵ̫죬쵽ȫ޷ӶݶĵزѾѩϯ
꣡
ĺ˲Ϣ䣬֮⣬׽Ϊ
ڱпǾֵס˿̲סһ˿𺳡
ڣڱ֮ǰǾѾϢٴݳȥ
ʲôձɽг춯ıѩ޳׳ɽ֮һУһУһ
ӲЩ߾ȻһûлŻȫں¡
죬֪ͨȥսʿȫϣеĵԲñѩ޳ǲݻ١
õϢĸ岿伸ͱ𾪵漴Ϳʼ׼һҪε޳赲ס˭޷ҪЩѩ޳ɱʲôĿº
ô죬ѩŮҪʼ𡣡
ͥУڶԴ׻ʳ𾪷ŭУ˿̣ͳױһ鱨嵽
׻ʳȣ鷳ҲԺ飬ҪԵģü޵⣬ѩŮһ֣ȫҪػΪѩ磬ⲻֱӵѩ֣ǻΪΪѩĻУڲǱѩһ˵Ƕһֽв
ȫҪǵĸ
深ȥûУǴӻĸϲǻȥĻᡣ
ʣ£Щ˭ܹסڵõϢ󣬶ƨһû˭Ը⿴رֻǴѩȥױˣʲô
⻹ȫ̰
֪ͨȥͥ岿䣬սʿɾѩŮһս
һ
һΣȻǶͥһ
һιձɽʧܣǳ֪ѩŮʵжǿκһԿ⣬ּĳƺǼ˵˵ѡ

׻ʳС
ɽ£һѱ䣬˳׷ı䣬ΪɫצҲѲӴ׽֮շƳϿա
һ̣ڼ̨µͯɫ䡣ǰһϣн鱨

̤ڼ̨ϣ׵ͷ޾ŭ¶һۣ·
̺ŵۻʵ־
ʳΪ֮еݵλȻŷɱ䣬ϣǻϡĻʵۣڳƺϣȻҪĿڣϱɻϡλı仯
ǰʱǲܻܽϵĳƺǾԽ񶼻𡣾Բʲô¡һһУҪ
ھˣ׻ʳǴ֮ǻϡҪٳƺϣȻǲ顣Ҫˣȫ塣
ձɽ̽ѶϢձɽӿֳıѩޣΪ޳ԴԴϵĳɽңЯµĺ֮һУҪس׻ΪһƬѩң޳ƶٶȼ죬ƲɵϢ̽Ѿ⣬ûϢӢѳְ
ͯʿٿ˵
ʲôձɽӿ޳
һޣӦûм޲Ŷԣôʱ֡ѩŮ
ԣ֮ǰѩŮ˵ֻ֣û˵µıѩ޴֣֮ǰȫˣοѩŮȫܵЩֻҪԸ⣬ʱԳ֡
ܵĳգͯʵĻ㱨
һɫ䣬ԵüΪÿû뵽ѻ˿졣ң˵ͻȻ˵Ŀֲ
ң鱨޳ҪǡǴ׻ʳڵķ򡣡
ͯٴο˵
һ̽ΪۣѾ̽޳ķȻŴ׶˵ȫ֣ڳŴ׶
һܿµ顣
˵пҪ׵ԱѩŮıѩ
Ҵ׶ѩŮǱҴ׽ȵܵҴ׵вôǾô׽һƣвҪȽǽ
Ŀ䣬̧ۿգձɽķ
ʱձɽֱ仯ɲȥ롣


1100 赶ɱ
ʸʱʳǾͲ»ᴥŭѩŮҴ׵ʵ岿֮ʱŸֽ٣һΣѩŮҴ׵ֽ١ֻҪܶɹǾǺգƬ½ҴΪ𡣡
һĨ⡣
ѩŮ֣ͬδزһλᡣ
ıѩ֮ϯأɲֻǴ׻ʳǲƬ½֣֣ͬʣǻԵġȵ˭֧ŵĸãֻҪʱһֵǻܱѩŮƬ½ؽΪ׵֮
һ֮䣬һݵĳΪƬ½
£
һӳۣȻ˵
ڴ˿̣Ѿɽ˶õ˷ΪͻƣһЩĩβ飬ûʲôӰ졣ǰģǹڱѩŮ⡣
ڡ
ɻʹ
Сʮʮšÿһɱ䣬øΰˡͨɢһǿ֮ڿվʱ᲻һǿҵ£κεĵ
ĵǶһֿ顣
С֮ȥվվȡ
Ȼ޵֮׻ʳĳ֮ϣҲҪ˴ڡ
ڴУαøӵǣнơ
жȥƺͷƺܿһצʳΪ׻ʳ֮ȻȻҲɱ䣬гצӰǵۻʵ
ӴеسоԼ·һעӡ
׷һ࣬Ȼ
ѩŮϮ²ǱѩŮԳ֣ѩ޳ĳ֣û׿ϣǲֵܳģĻѾһּΪΣյ״̬֮С鱨ѩ޳֮ȫѩǣﶼ⣬ǲǱѩǣǳױ⣬Ϊ񣬺ʣ£ڴ󲿷˵ҪرĻһвҴ׵ѩҲѴһ
Ƴ嵱ȿ˵
֮ǰѾ˽⵽
ڵľѾüޣؼǣѩ޳巽ǳŴ׶⡣;УȻһЩ岿䣬Ϊ壬ɾ޷赲ס޳ĳ
ױؽԱѩ޳
ǳ赲ԷΪ
һѯʵ
޳飬ײǵһԣֻǳ̶Ȳͬģͬѣ£ѡʵࡣ
Ȼαѩ޳ǱѩŮֱӳ֣ǾͻдıȡĿܡ
ڼ΢΢һЦƺ˵
δȡ
Ŀڼڼϣѯʵ
޳ǲΪĳϰͣͽŲǴ׿Եֵס޳޳ʱ޷ݻ٣޳ͻ˶Ϸɢٷ˷ɢȥ޳ǰ̣һγɣҪֹͣͲһ׵顣ֵܵ岿ȴδؿԵֵֵסǾǻ𡣲ȫҲҪش޳֮ȫΪǳȥСǴ׶ԣǾһĪ档ԱѪоͻôƬ
ڼ΢Ц˵
ɣһֽ赶ɱ˵ȻҪ赽ҲҪʵ㹻ǿʵ£ǻᱻڵ˵նɱʲôܶᷢڵʮֺãڼ˵δزܱΪ档
ĺãδزһַ
һ£Ҳ׵ͷʾͬ
ȻǴⱾ޹أֵסҲȫԼԭ
󣬲ЦվˣȻʸӵһУȡһС
ٶ࣬Ҳֵͬ顣
϶¶˷֮ɫ
׽ԽǵõĺôҲԽһ㣬ȫδ׽еõ֣һʵõϣĿжԴ׵άѾȫġһһپ٣˭ϣܹǿԽԽǿ
лģȻһֵ˷ܵ顣
Ψһ޳֧һжǿ̸̸ֽѡ
п˵˷ܣҰ붷־ҪģȴҲܺٵΣգ޳ѩ޳˭ֵܵסģֵҪôǿĴۡⶼǰǰʵڵ⡣
Ҿ£ʱ׼ս
ҵǰݼдһ˿Ѫ֮⡣
׵Ľʿû˭ηɱηսһʼͲξΪһˡ׵ľƷƣÿһʿսǿҵĿսϲ
սойѫζţܹӱӵгΪǿߵʱ
ȥ֮УнʿȫѪǣһΣѪΪݣҽѩ޳ֱ赲Ѫ֮⡣Ҫñѩ޳޷Խǰ벽
һȻ
Ψһѡ޳ûսıԿԣƴľʵ
ȣҪľտԾնأǵֵ޳Ҫһ㣬Ҫƽԭ޳ǺʣĿֱӵųɡһ㻺嶼޷ɵĺ޳֪ôġ
ǣĩ
ֹҵԿеཫʿԥǰһӦ
˵սжܿһǿҵս֮ġ
֪ͨͨڹǰǣ޳
׸ɳǣͽˣϳǽ޳װУʵﵽϾ֮ϵգԸ⣬ɲս
һ´
׻ʳһ˵ģҲǳϳģͬҲյġ
һ㣬Ե꽨ƴʱѾ˵ĺ˴ǿʩģȥƴȥȡģÿһ˶ΪԼۣŬǸ
ʥˣӲˣҪĸãֻƾԼʵܵĻȥûȥȥʸ
ԣؾڲؾºĹ伮ͨ˶Ѵлȡսô׿ÿ˶ܻȡҪ벻ܵ裬ǾŬԼǿ
ͺñڡ
޳ֻͨܵȴĵǷı䲻κʵ
ײһ֮аڣͬŴĸ֣ͽУǴŴǿߡȻɱ޷ڵսУвٳԽӽʿǿߡ
ڣ޳ȨѡΪԼܶɱ
һȥ󣬶ʱ׳׿ʼ
ȾǾսУӪڣһʿĲս̤ҪѪڵλô͹ȥ
Ѫϣÿһξ룬һ󡣿ͨʱڽ볤ǡִ߽硣


1101 ź
ĴͣҪͨɳеĴתתĹУҲһʱľ޴ģͬҲΪ޴󡣲Ϊݱѡ
һΣȻҲͨǰͨȫµֶνд͡
ʺţ
ʥּ
һʥּ֡
ʥּȻԿһĲʺųգʺϣ߲ʹâ˸Ī⣬ǷڲʺϣٲȻһߴĺվ棬ϸȥ³˭
ԴӲʺƳǺ³ͱǲϣزʺš
ӵпʺŵ
˿ʥֱּӿ
ɾţ汾ų
˫һϺȡ޴ǰʮɾšʺϷ·ӴĿռ䣬Ϊ嫣ܹɺĴʮɾŽʿ̤ȥֱӾͱɡ
뿪ʺţͱǰѪǣ߽
˫˵
ϣ飡
³ɫȻ˵
ˢ
ʺŶʱʼ˸Ũ߲ʺ⣬ںУȻԿʮʿ˲ʧ
ͬʱһ޴ޱȵɫʺУֱӴƳΪ㣬һ·ֱ쵽ѪڵλãҲǴ׽ıԵشǱ߽
߲ʺޱȣ˿̲סһǿҵ
ǾһѤĲʺ硣
ʱ֧ɾѾѪϡ
һʺ磬˾ް档
ʺĴ֮Ǵ׻ʳĵ֮һôǰûп
ںܿд׵ľУʱһҵ϶ῴ̺һ֧š֧ǰλǴױ߽Ѫǡ
ɽׯСŶԴɽѩŮѾʼ֣ѩ޳¸еʱٴα׵ֶ𾪡ȻǿֶΣԽһ֧ʮͬʱŲƴͳȥ̣ʵ̫˼ˡ
ǿռ֮ǹУԾܹ֮˲ִ͹ȥٶ֮죬ԱȾĶҪǿ󡣡
鹫ɫһ˿ص˵
ʣڴ׻ʳУǴӰ죬Բһһڶ⣬ɱ䣬ô̵ʱڣô׵ľӳκκλãֻԣǿĴô׵ս֪֮Ҫǿٱ
ռսƸߵ㡣
ӵоԵ
ƫĲʺ硣
棬ʺſԽǵĴ͵κ˵ѩ޳ѾҪˣξҪǰѪǵֵ޳ô꣬ҲʱΪ׳һˡ
ǰǿɲ޸֮ͨˡҪΪһЩ޳ͿԽŵǾȫˡ
ƳУĿãһ϶¶֮ɫ
εĴս£Ѿŷ׼ǰǣȻ޷̤ϲʺţɿͨ󣬸ǡ
Ѫǣ
ѪǣΪͬڴ׽ʱõ컯ɱ䡣
ԿѪǵĸ߶Ѿ޴ı仯ﵽʮɸߡĳ̶ֳ϶ԣȫһȻؼ䣬һ־˰ĸдɺ
ѪɫĳǽУݳ᲻ɴݵ־ǿӢСػĽΪ֧һƬ
ʮɸߵĳǽڳǽϣȫˡľͺһ޴ޱȵĵ·
Ѫȫ׽򡣺أٲȻһɺ
һ֧֧ԴԴϵ̤Ѫǡ
ڳϣгرأӴľӣ鲼ǡ
ָͬսʣѾڵһʱ˵ǽϡ
սѻɽ
սѾңʱᱬǿɱ
ǧʿȫڳϡ
һսǶϹ˵һսҲȫû·һսɹǾζţ׶ݻ١
кͽˣǿߣвŵ̤Ѫǡ
ǲǶԴǶ޷ıһʵǾǣҶ塣
ϵǽϺûԥڰæܼ顣
æʣæս
ͬʱҲĬĬĲеıûжн̸ؼ䣬һַĸоѹ֮޴ڡ
˭֪Σա
ǻˡ
ңǡܿеĳ׷׵ִѪϡ
Ƴ壬ڼˣڴˡ
ѩ޳ѩŮҪƾ޳ϯ£Ҵ׻ʳ뷨δЩ̫СҴס
ʹУһȫϤڱǵĵз󣬶Ԫ񾳵Ѿȫƿأ޳ڵķ򣬷һЦ
һ֣ս۸ȫϣҲһצϸʤһţ̤ң̤˳ȥ
ҪȥѪǡ
бһڹ٣ɻ١һװһڹ٣ͬŮĿã̲סһԵľ֮С£ǣŮСٻŮǳ⣬Ȼ͵
Ѽ¶һսգǻڻʹ֮򡣡
жȻ˵޳޳ɱѩŮδز֣һ֣˵ֹĻ˭֪ᷢʲô
ǷޣԵͬȥҲȥ׵İȥڻʹ֮У׽ʿѪɳ
Ц˵ɫƽȴһ˿ᶨ
ǵʵɲκ
°һۣ˵
Ůһֻۣܵͷã
£Ҳûгɣǰһ𲢼̤˳ȥЯŮڲʺϡ
ˢ
Ҫ³ʹһ䣬Ϳʺ߲ʺ˸Ϊһ׽߲ʺš
ǲʺš
ǣ˿ҲɺڲʺĴ
еĿƣڲʺϵٶȵû̫죬һʱ䣬ܹۿ;еĸѤ羰Ȼ̲ҲʱѪϡ
ϣʺ
Ƴ˿еȵһһͬʱ
öս֮ϣһдӼ򡣡л˵ֵ̽飬ѩ޳ĴִһսǴʤܣûгʧܵóеʵñѩŮ֪Ҵ׻ʳʲô˭ӡ˭ҧһڣҪһ
Уݳһɲݸĵľġ

ͯʴһֵ̽

׵ͷ
̽飬ѩ޳еѪ²䷢ɱѪ²޳ɱֻ̼䣬ͱ޳û䱻⣬㡣Ѿȷ֧䣬Ѿ塣
Ѫ²һֻӴ岿䣬ңƽԭ˲䣬ʵǿ࣬ʮѪɱ


1102 
˵Ѫ²еˣ֮ΪѪˣɢһѱϢͥٻ׶ǰûǨƽԭɻ棬ͥıԵò˵ʵǿ
ӵŲ¶ʮѪеǿ󡣾˵зླεǿߡ
ǿ䣬ڱѩ޳ǰ棬֧Ų˶ãͱ壬䶼⣬еȫ䣬ܴѵģָ
ʣѾˣ˵Ѿ׻޳֮С
ʮѪ޳Уȴһ˳ûа취֪ѩ޳ƻжǿ
;򱻴ݻ٣ʮ򡣡
̽
Ȼȱֻϧгǽ赲޳ɱ׵Ĵݻ٣һƬƵķ棬֮ﱻ⡣
ң̽ڲϻ㱨
ϢԴԴϡѩ޳ĽŲƺûܵӰ죬һ赲ǰĴڣͨͨҪݻ٣׻Ϊ촷ۡ
еĲ䶼ݻ٣вѡ񳼷ѩŮѩ޳Źûбױ𡣡
һ鱨óһȻ
ȻǰѩŮ鵽׻Ƿˡ
˭ֱǿ˵ֱԾڱѩ޳ǰٵľľȻһѾȻѩŮ
ڱѩ޳λãжá
пѯʵ
Żаʱͻִ
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ڼҲûгɣֻаʱʱѾ൱ȡ
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ȣڼͷԸȥʼ֣طըڳ⣬ͳһƬ
˵Ǵ׷سǵĹֶΣƽʱãһ֪ҪƽѣֱҳȥĸڣȴòӦֶΡ
޳ûǻۡ
ң֪ǰ޳£Ҳǰ档ͣ£ͻᱻ̤࣬Ҷʣ¡
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ŷԸȥ
ȻԿշ׷ǰ֮⣬Ͻըȥ
ûóϵĽʿǶ֣Ѿȥɡİﲻֲ̫࣬׵飬ȴܼ顣óϵĽʿǿԼġ׼Ը޳
ըҪǳǧ׵ķΧǼΪӴһ
ڣֵĶʿ׵ٶȲٶȼ죬ÿ䣬дķըȥ
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˵ţƭ˵ġ
ƭ˱ˣҲƭԼ
̧ۿȥܿߵľͷһɫĺΪأͺһ캣ХԶϯ
ֻһۣһ־
ȫ޷ֵѡ
ֲĺؼ¶ٴȻ½ʿܸ̹ܵǣѪҺƺҪ̣ɲʲô¡
֮ܿһ
УҪһ⡣
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ÿµıѩ޳δѾϮ
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ˣöıѩˣЩѩ˳޳УҪ鷳ˡ
һ޴ޱȣϰɸߵıѩ˳޳УڴϿ񱼣ǵѪǵĳǽҪߣźսìǰȻֻڵߣҲܸ޳ĽŲÿһ̤ڵϣɢҵĺ
ſںΪһɹɱ˪֮
һĻóǽϺܶཫʿҲǰһı˪˲öԸ
ˣܿһ޴ı˪ڰз裬޴鲼ɫۣ³ɫϢۡÿһɢϢȱ˪ѷɫգſƺգѩ
ϷƮ
һۿȥǱ˪Ͳϰ𣬶ңƺиࡣ
Щ˭ڿ󣬶᲻Ծһ˿־
ʵǴž޴Ĳࡣ
׼
׼
ǹ׼
Ѫϣһ
нʿѾڵһʱ׼
׵ĽʿսʬɽѪɱľȻ𺳣ȴûη壬ͷѪǣǴ׻ʳǿϱݣΣû˱ܵѡ
нʿԴ
𣡣
飡
ѩ޳УѩڿѪʱ¶һֱĺ⣬һ˿˷ܣһ˿¶˻ѩڴϿ񱼡ѪǣٲȻҪǴݻ٣κε޳ǰ谭ȫҪ顣
Щѩͬоǿҵв
ӳǽɢɱ⣬ɽϯǰûиܵġ
ãЩǵĶ֡
ǰͨͨҪͨͨҪݻ١
޳ڿٽӽ
һף
ǧף
ǧף
޳ٶȼ죬ԽٶȾԽ죬ɢԽӵļƸӿ񱩾ˡ
ѪǧʱµĻˡ
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ڵµķը޳ļ̤£ֱһըֲ֮ԴԴϵĴӵ±ϯΪϫһ¾ͽǰıѩ޸ڡ
֮ѩ֮ײһ


1103 ǲ
̺֮ŻһеκʳƬһǾؼµĻ棬ѩ֮Ҳ޷赲Ҳ޷ᣬУʵ̫ˡ񱩵ҲҪ顣
׵ıѩޣһǿǸֳһΪױܼķըγɵϫ˺ѡ
䣡
һܼĸһıը޳ױ˺飬ķѣһѪɳȥ
ЩѩҲ¶һ˿־壬ֻ޳УнˣûͣĻᣬڿµķըУòǰ塣
ǰ壬ϳ壡
ľԴԴϵıը
ÿ䣬кıѩ޳
ʮϰ
ֻһѩ޷顣
бѩ˳ֲ֮ǱѩˣҲ˺飬ܿȱըһȱڣȻû˫ȱըķ飬Ѻ˿ڣڵϣŭ
󣬾޳ļ̤£ķѣõıѩˣޱȱĿ
ǧ׵ľ룬һĵ·
ÿµķըǱѩ˾ԴﵽͼΣԷӳǿսȴӲը֮УһǷ죬򣬺ѵֵܹ֮໥ӣӵԽ࣬Խ񱩣Խֲ
鹫Ӹ̾˵
׵ĵķͬ졣
ϼҲ׵ͷ
һ̣ҲΪ׻ʳǿ̶𾪡սУǿĵ̣ǿɲǿЦģҪ֪ըֻڵ²ͬԵһԵķֱ֣ܱͬǿƻڵµѷɫ
ѩ޳ɲһƬ赲ֹġըģֻǾţһë
Ҷɫص˵
ȫԿǵص޳ûΪֹͣǰıըӿһη嶼ûУкϯ
ѪʱĿ⣬ޱȱ䣬ޱȱ塣
ѾѪ£վڳǽϣȫԸܵ޵Ϣϵݣ˪һֻֻѾܿףз
Ȼڴ޽뵽ǧʱѪѾʼӦ𹥻
׼Ŀ꣬ձ˪Щ˳
һϺУʱͿڳǽϵƾ˲䱬
ಣ
䣬һ㱬ȥ
ԿЩȥĻͺһӱʱľѤޱȡһԾ߸޴Ƴա
߸ֱƼ׼׼ÿһȥɢ貵⡣һֻֻ˪ڡ
죡
쵽ֻܿһƥЩ̺ľ޴ƿʱڿдݳһֱ˺ѵ
Ժƻжǿ
ȻЩ˪ȻҲǳصģܼӦ³ϢܿϢǵȻ⣬ΪһڵϣķѡϸǸֳһսףǿײ棬ȻһѺۣȴں£ϡ
צɱճչ¶
ǿнضϡչֳھΰ
֮ھУֱӱʹǻΪܣǻΪìͨԴԴϡ
֣Ŀ꣬޳ɹɱ
ִ빭ǿɱ˷ΧʱǽҲٴ
ʱȴѾõĹԥٿ۶һ㱬ȥ
ϹעԪųָĹâѤ̻鲼ս޳ǳյı˪ɱȥ
ֱӶ׼˪۾ǻҪ𹥻
׼ɱ
ͬھУдķǹ䱸Ѿװ֮С
ǹڴ֮Уͬɳս
ͬһʹ÷򵥣֣ңٶƵʣ൱죬ֻҪǹ֣ȫԷӳ˵ƻսϣѷɫ
飡
һС
ܼķӵƥ㱬Ϊһ⣬ڱѩϣһѤѪ൱ˡɱǿ
ͬʱּѻǹԱѩˣ˪оɱרųҪȥٶ֮죬˷ʤ
ȫԿܼ޳׵Ѫ¡
ǿƻγɹģսϣҲһǿı֡
һĻһ𺳡
һв󣬿սϣ۳Ⱥӵǿ籩ꡣ
ǹзǹĶ֮ͬйǿ֮ǧսϣǴɱ
ڳǽϿǹƻԵͷ
ǹȻӹɵģֻǹǹĲҪսҲ޷־ãһʱԷǹˣƻ·ǹҪ̫ǹһǹе⣬ս־޴
оǷӵҪƳӵȻףҲһ־޴ģǷսлյĻᣬǷӵһȥǾȫûٴλյĿܡֻһԵĲ
ıȹҪ
ȻЩڴ˵ͬ⡣
ڳǽϣһķӵİڷţ˸⡣
ǹⶼǴ׻ʳǿսϹֶΡ
޳УȻд޵ɴ⬣ɸӣѪϢ
Щʬ嶼գۼͱ⣬׽
ܶսǷӵֱӶᣬڵϣѳϸСı޳ڷ񿿽Ѫǡ
ܸܵ޵ĺ
޳ѾѪ£벻֮ң
¶˷֮ɫǸоֻҪǰһɱͽɱϳǽЩɶȫ˺Ƭնɱ
Ѫػ
п˿ûжݣ³һ
Ż£ѪֱųһŨµѪ⡣Ѫн֯һѪɫݣգ׽
ɱɱɱ
սսս
һɱսѪɫлصѪУܿӢ鷢ź󳤳ǡ
ػػ
ѪǵĸоػѪǿɲֻǳǣȻ֮ȾػѪػشױ߽磬Ϊû֮
У̺ε־ػ⡣
ҪƿݣԱҪķʮϰٱܴݻ١
ѪػһҪƿô򵥵ġ
ڱϵ˲ϢɢѪǣɢУǿһɢȻ˶Եת䡣
Ĺҧ
䣡
һֻֻѩ޺Ѫϡ
ԿһۿɼЩɢͺһȪ


1104 ޳
ѪϣͺڴʯˮеĲһڴ󺣶ԣֻ΢һСѣһֻֻ޵ĹԴԴϵĳѪϣ޷˺ѱݣ޷צ͸ݣ䵽ǽϣЩڳǽϵĴ׽ʿ˺顣
Ѫ޾ѪͣӢ鲻ִΪԴ׻ʳ˴ͳǴ׻ʳĵһݡ
ػݾһ
ȻʩչػݣȻûд۵ġҪѪ̺Ѫ־Ӣ֮Ѫ֮Ѫ֮ѪǼȡѪʬ֮ȻⲢһԵƷˣɿһʱ»ָ
ѪǸ׽
ԴԴϵĳȡ֮ΪԴȪѪǼͲƣɽ
Ѫǵǿ֮
ȻһһѪݣҪ»㹻Ѫ֮Ҫһʱ䣬ǵƣײܶáѪǵıǿҲѪݸǿʱԽ
ʩչĹУȫԿѪɢѪɫڻɢǰ
һѪϵѪȫɢҲζţѪݻȻɢѪǵĵ̣£ǳҹҲὫѪ֮һաȻܹ£Ļ˶Ӿ硣
ƣ
Ѫݵĳ֣ʱѩһ˿Ȼн絲סȫ޷ɱϳǽ˺Ѫϵ彫ʿֱ޵еġ
ֻɱңɱˡֱؼµ顣
սǴľǾ
ֻܱԼȴ޷ԷǶô顣
ɱɱɱ
䣬ǣ
ЩƲѪǵķҪ£ݺݵش򡣡
ѪнʿʿĿúз׷״ϲ붼룬ԼͬĽǿĹֶγ޳кȥͬʱķըܼ꣬ԴԴϵ޳
¡¡
ҵĺУѩޱըķѡѪɡ
ͬӵȥ籩㽫޸ڣʱ䣬ƬƬıѩֱӱɱǿҲ޷ֵԴԴϵĹ϶ˣͬҧ󣬸ӲҪ˵ȫߣԵκѷɫǿ
˿ռƣȻһһһƬ
ܿһֻֻ˪ҪĲҽսϡֻòʵѪǣûгѪǡ
ǣİ
˪ˡ
ѩҲˡ
ıѩͬѪ֮¡
ʬڴ϶ѻɽңʱͱⶳᣬЩʬѪϢʮֵ嵭о̱š
һǱѩ޳ǰ̵ĳ£Ѫʼ̩ɽޱƿļ
һĻ֪ðп̽ߺεȵ𾪡
׻ʳͱɵΪӣУֲ֪Ŷٵ߶Ŀֶ̽θǧٹ֣һЩֱӽƬĻ洫ݵңԶ
׻ʳѩ޳ײ鱾Ŀ
УǾֻͻ
ֻͻڲɱ˭Ҫֻ֪ͻɱУ˭ʤĲ˵ɱУҲܿ̽˫ʵ̡ǽı˴ˣһսȻζԸ
սϵĻ棬һʱ䴫ݵС
ÿµıѩ޳ÿֲĴ׻ʳѪǾȻǿ˵زѪ޳ֱܿǲ˼顣
Ѫڣǻʲô˿ƿ׷ɱ֮Сֻ£ѩ޳޷ƿ׵Żֻܱ򡣳ֻܹд׻ʳˣȴ޷Դ˺ؼôܳ
ҪѩŮܾˣû뵽Ȼ־档ôȥǱѩ޳˵Ҳᱻ׸¾һա
岿ǿ߰Ȼǰ֪ǿȴȫ󲻵ǿֵز
Ժа˼ԼԴ׷𹥻Ҳᱻ赲⣬ԿԽѪǣǼֱһ޷Խǵ
˵Щǿеͷ뷨
սϣɱڼ޳ǰԴԴϵġ
ǰĵˣľͻɱ
ڳһʱһֹǰ
Կѩ޿ʼѪ⣬ϵķɢȥûѪǵķӵȥǻ棬ͺǽгһ޴Ľʯˮ޷ʯ飬Ǿֻܴӽʯ߱ܿз
ڣ׻ʳǵ޳ǰһ齸ʯң޷Ľʯ޳ͣͣѪ޷ƣǾֻ߽ܳз
ڷһ󣬴岿䶼һ˿õͷ
ã޳׼׷Ź׻ʳ޷Ƶ£Ҫȳܽɢ
죬֪ͨȥ׼ӭս
ΪʲôģҪʱֳ۶ӡѵҪǨƳȥĻĴʵ̫ˡ
ɫǺܺÿʣӰʵ̫ˡ
޳ĿֲĿõģûѪǿݣֵ޳ĳɹԲһɣ£صѡ񳼷ѡʵ࣬Ѿȫǰ
Щвûеơ
ŲƣǵģֶοԽŲƳȥ
ıﲢ٣磬ŲԪռ챦Ǩ챦ӵеĲڵõ޲ǽ֮ǵƣѹ׵ĵֻ̡еȵΣʱ̲Żó
ֻЩ̺Ųȷԡ
ŲƵλãȷ˭֪ŲƵпܻƬ½ϣҲпֱŲƵ½ϣĳ־ؽĻǸûʲô
ңڻֳʱ̣ŲƳȥܿѩ֣˵ͻӭѣңİҪ֧ͻѡ
ֹǣЩ岿ײ뿪Ƭ½صľ
ȻҪߵͶ·ľأҲֻѡŲƣȡһ
ѡˡ
δΣǽ飬Σȴڰǰġ
ƵѾ¶ģҲò¾ˣıѩѾʼϯȥҪ˶ãͻὫһ⡣
޳ĺܿ졣
ЩķӦͬܿ졣
Щ䣬һ̣ʧ
Щ䣬ֱӴԭȵλʧƺֱӽ뵽ĴԪռС
ѡ񷴿޳ݻ١
ѡ񳼷ݱѩŮ
Ѫϣѩ޳£ѪǵѹȻ
ε޳ڽô
ܶԺʶĸֳһͷ
Ȼ򣬾ʱһ캮ٲһεѹؼ䡣ѩмű
쿴ʲô
ǿʿָԶ


1105 ֱŮ
ɽ
һ޴ޱȵıɽ
ڰеıɽǴԶۿһµȻ̲סǿҵ𺳣ǸоƺһɺӹðѪתüΪѣʱбĿܡ
ձɽ
ͫһ³ۡ
ѩŮ
ƳϾ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ȻԿһ޴ıɽڰգǰձɽ֮ϣ˵λãһд覣ƷĺϣһѩۣȨȣͷڵŮϣٲȻǱѩŮ
Ȼľ벻̡һεΰ£ȻĿѩŮӰ·Զߣȴǰָоʮֹ죬ƺѩŮ֮ձɽҪߴ󣬻ҪΰǲǴһһǶȣģǱѩŮ档
棬һʮֹ顣
ѩŮȻĳˡ
ձɽһսϣѩŮǴ㳹Ƭ½ءǴ׶ԱѩŮв׼Գô
ã֪ѩŮԳ֣׻ʳ˭ǿ˭ʤЦģǿġ
һĻͬ۵סܶմǨƣȴûǨƳȥ岿䣬׷ͣһߵֵ޳Ϯһ߹עߵս֡
һսʣغ½صĹƬİ
˭۷壬Ϳһսˡ
лȻ˭Ҫ뿪
ԸȥķֶȫҵʵڲУֱ£޳ϯ棬ֱܲɱ¡
ܶ岿䲢û׼
Ǩһַͬڵ»ھĵ¿ռ䣬ֵסʱ򣬾Ϳֱ¡ʣҲһּΪЧķֻҪñѩŮռƬ½أǾǶڵ£ûκλȥĿܡջǸı䲻˽֡
ڲһ׺ճսʤѩŮȣڴ׻ʳӰ£ٻзĻᣬдȥƷ׵ĿܡѩŮʤǾȫûϣһз»ΪС
ձɽѩŮĳ֣ؼѩøӵĿ񱩣ѩƺ־ĵ׺
׻ʳԸ⳼ڱŮӵأ֮е壬볼ңϵĶҼ롣ΪҽΪ̳Ӧ׾ûбҪڡ
ѩŮĿѪǣѪɫѪݣƺûиоѪܹ赲Ĳ޳ǲֶͨζѡ
Ҵװգǿ񣬲ɣηħԸվԸѩŮûʸҴ׳ҴףһеСҪսǾս
ֱӱѩŮȻ˵
һһ䶼ɢһֲݶҡļᶨ־
΢ĩ𣬴гĽۻ䡣û˻ηսǰΨһսη壬棬Ҳ޷ȥܹѵ񣬸ָܹо
սսս
Ѫϣһʿ۾׷׿ʼУɢŨս⡣
׻ʳǿصġѹ塣
񣬲ɣηħԸվԸսսս
һԹźȫܴиܵһеս⣬߰ʿѩŮĿ⣬żᶨ顣Ϊػ׶սս޻ڡ
ǿս⣬úܶڳǽϵŵӰԱɫб𺳵Ĳ˵ֻǿս⣬ԴһƬء
ѩŮռݣ¼롣һ㣬޷̵ģҲǴ³ն޷ܵġײǴ壬ʲôūŹϰΪѪԶһաûй£ڳжݣֻҪݾͿԡǴ͵ļ룬ͬ׻ʳʱ죬Żдݡ
ϰԵĹݣֻУ־ʲôõ顣
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бǾԣ
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µķ˺գķ·̴ܴĤȻԿУһѩ׵ƲƾγɣЩƲתΪһֿµı۵龰Ʋѹüͣ˴޴ѹУһ˿
ţͿڷ籩УһööµıУ׶ſ磬Ϊз籩籩㳯Ѫϯȥ飬ֻҪܿȫǷıУЩеƺͼǿߵǰᱻ˲иƬɱ

ѪϣʱͿѪϣһǻ棬ͺƽĺϿգܼıһ㣬˵
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ʱܼӵ籩㳯кȥ
飡
ӵвײһ𣬷һڰоͱأս̫ܼҪ׼໥ײһٶʱײѪϵıڱݵѹȻõСĻ⡣
ֻ÷ֹʣ޼¡
ƳĿãҡҡͷ˵


1106 ۻ֮
սңԵֻԴԴϵıз籩Щˣٴۣսӵȴֱӱģ޷ٻյģʣֱӵһ춼ûУֱǿѼҡ
ѩŮȻҪսǱʾ͸ս
ͫһ³һ
ҪѩŮ֣һ֮һͻȻڷһϺȡ

Żһ䣬ȻԿƳϿյƺУ̾ϵצȻ漴һ߿һڣѾƺʧԲ˼ٶȣƾճѪϿգͷͬʱֱڡ
ͬʱٴηһƴ
׵˽֣̾⣬֮࣬Х֮£䴫£˲䴫׻ʳаնС
ʲôط
ֻҪڴ׻ʳĽ֮ڣǾ;ԲǷ·ֱӳԺУео
ǻϣҪѩŮ־սô
֣ΪʲôҪ֣ҵȻԸϣֻǣҪô衣
ˣϣôҽ־
֣
׻ʳУһʱ䣬׷׾֣νȡǶԸȡԸ⽫УûУûд׻ʳǾͲнǡӲӵΪʵ˵Դס
ҪȡвӦġ
һھֵʱĿͬʱѪǵλÿȥĿдһ˿һ˿
֣
ѪϣǧʿҲһ̣ͬʱ֣еûһ˿һԥ˵Ҫ֣ǾͺԥľһֱܡͬһǿΡ
ԴԴϵ
д˿ȴһܡ
ȡ˳֮ӵеһͨ˵Ǳܣκ˳ܾ֮е˾ͿԳȡ°յȻҪԷԸԸķʽǾ֣ȻҲ˵֣һֻûйϵֻҪԸ⽫ȥ
Ȼ󣬸Ե˳ڤڤеϵ飬ڡӴ󣬵ȻҪ㹻ǿĳһãͻɲСѹʱҲ˶̡˵ĳغܽá
᲻Ὣűȫ赣ġڣƵɺԴԴϣ಻
޾ڡ
񺣣뵽ͼԪ֮ڡ
ԪȻȻķɱ䡣ֱӳԽΪ磬ﵽӲ˼ĲΡ
Ԫ۷壡
˲Ϣ䣬Ԫ֮ϣȻȻֻǼΪõȴܸ̺ܵϵϣУƺܸܵһͨÿһصķ۶ɣÿʱÿ̶ڱáɢܹأӳ޷
Ԫ۷壬۶
ݼأԪҪ֣ÿɹһֽ٣ڵĵϾͻȻȻۣһ츳ͨҲǱͨͨͻ۳Ԫ֮ϣԪһ壬һͿԷӳ˫ΰ
Ȼʲôıͨȫĵ̣ڵϣĴȵȣΪһ¯󣬲
˵ԪڣÿһʿԾͨһѣɸģ滻ڸһͨΪǿǿɱɳ¡˭ͨļ
ǵ֡
˿̣ûо֣ȴȻȻ۳
ͬʱҲͨ
Ȼͨôڣֻνյǰܵѣһʱıͨᷢı䣬ͬЩпܵġ
Ȼ˿̵ͨȴаһ˿𺳣ܵԪ񾳵ǿ
Ⲣûֹͣ
۳εƾԪͷΪһƣڣ֣Ե쳣أؼϵƺһӷԵɱ䡣
ԽԪ񾳣
һ̣иܵԼΪƺԽԪ񾳡ﵽһ˼ĲΡ
ڵڴﵽκ󣬾ͳͣͲǰˣ޷ӣǽװյҲֻΪһȻѾΪľˡ
ˢ
һɲǼ䣬ͿԿеԲ˼ٶȿʼǡ
գۼ䣬ͻΪٶɾ޴һˣϵĻս۴ݳһڴ֡
ǿ
Ҹоһ̵ĻϲȱѩŮѷɫֱ޷ܵΰ
Ŀ£ʿշ׷׵һаһ˿𺳡
˭벻в־ˣһ֣˲˼Ļ档
ͣѩֹ籩ƽϢбеת޳
л³һ
·ૣַ·ǾôȻȻ˵ѡʮֵƽ
Ż£ȻԿؼĺ׵ľͣвŵıѩҲĪֹͣʧ
еıۣɢˡ
ܼ꣬ǵسѪϯУȻ䣬һ޷ΰ£ез棬һ¾͵תȥѪƿֱӶ׼⺣ıѩޡ
ಣ
Է˵ٶȵȥôĺ޳
޳жʱһƬĲҽУܿޱɱиƬɸӡıѩ޾ô˲ϣֳ裬ĿġȸӸӿ¡
У
һĻĿõ˶̲סһо޷ݵ𺳡Ѿǵ
ôܣͣˣѩͣˣз籩ɢˣЩлֱӵתȥⲻΰɣʲôܹһ㡣
ʿ඼ƺҪֹͣ
ǿ̫ˡǴһ䡣
׵Ľʿȴӿֳ޾Ŀϲ
չֳԽǿǾ͸ӵĸо˷ܡ
Ԥ
Գ棡
ԣ
Ƴȿ𺳡͸˵еĴͨһ
ʵȷʵˣȻԪ֮ͨһҲϵ۵ĵ۵ͨԣ
ڣطʥּǲݸĵ˭Υһжɵ־бáһԿΪ·һطҪӡ۵ؼһд֮ϣƿһУһУ۵˵İԵ
˿̣һ£ѩŮʩչͨǵתȥ


1107 ս
Գ棬ǣ
ǱѩŮһ̣ɫҲɵһ䡣ʩչıз籩һķ籩ȣڷ籩̺ŷ֮ǿ˵ҪֵѣӲҪ˵ƿأڱУɣ̺һ˿־
ƿأָоʣѾӵ
ѩŮɱ㡣
ûгɣȻ֣ǾȫһսɱѩŮ߸ϣҾͽ
£Ѿһ̤Ѫ뿪
Ǿԥ
ǾԽ
ϣ
ĿһĻǽ˶ɷһ
Ҫ˵ʲôǧ֮ã򲻵յĻǣԱѩŮû˭˵ܹƥУǾͶ䱬ƻٶĴȥ¶Ҫشܵۡ£ҲΨвܹ֮
չ¶ǿսʸֳʤ
ڿԿ׻ʵô
鹫һ¶ڴ֮ɫҲĿô״΢ĩˣʣʼգûпչ¶ȫʵÿΪʱһ̲֪ں滹иǿĵơûпʩչȫֶεʱ
ڣԱѩŮопܿеǳ
һо˷ܵ顣
û뵽УȻԵʿԪ֮ӵ񾳵ս˳֮Ҫɱң㻹˵㡣
ѩŮĿпѪݵӰܵǹս⣬Ƕսһ˿壬ȴ˿δеɱ⡣
ѩ֮ì
ѩŮٴλȨȣзһϺȡ
漴Ϳѩƽضڰл۳һ޴ıѩսìսìϿѩ󣬱ѩ֮ìԱѩΪìԺΪì⣬ԱΪСԶأԱһС
һڱѩ֮ìϣܿǿıѩУֻһڣǾͲѷɫκδͨ󣬾Ԫʿһìǰᱻ˲䶴
ңѩǿ£ϯ޴ڣƮȴһڱѩ֮ìȻӾˣ޴ޱȣϰɳһȻ̲ס־塣
꣡
ѩ֮ì֮ſ籩ѩңսìڲϵתɢµķâսìÿ䶼ڱǣתٶԽ죬͸ԽǿԽӿ¡
أ
һմǰСǿڱѩ֮ìԲ˼ٶȳǰƽ³һ
Żһ䣬һεΰȻȻǿڱѩ֮ìϣʱͿϵıѩ֮ìĵתì⡣׼ѩŮ˲䱬ȥ
ֱתˡ
ңƺڱѩ֮ì̺һΰսìٶһ㣬˲ϢͳڱѩŮǰ
꣡
ѩŮ΢΢üڱѩ֮ìǰʱµıѩų⣬ǿнѩ֮ìնϣʳƬ
ðԵĵ۵ͨ
ѩŮüǱѩͨʲô׼䶼ܶ˺ƿرѩoֻҪձѩ֮ìʱȴ֣ڱѩ֮ìϸһޱȺƴΰԵףΨҶƺûκı俹⡣
׸Աѩ֮ìƿء
ֻһ㣬ѾȻǰ࣬ȷʵһսʸ
ÿµĵ۵ͨԡһԼΥ档
ʿȻ򵥵ĽУѾܵ۵ͨĿ£˵ӵн£Գ棬ؼ䣬ͨһԾͿͨɢ򷨲֡Ĵڣ޵еġ
Ȼ޵УҪˣѾʮѡ
п޷ˡ
һһоǷ
ɱ
һϺУйâһһöɫӡ£ּͳűѩŮȥ
ͨӡ
ӡ˲Ϣ䣬ǣڱɽϣգһӡ֮£ҪѹҪձɽ顣ձһؼ䣬űɽֲ̤й
֮Ƭء
Դ˿̵ʩչӡָоƿһеoռ䶼·ҪӡŤ
ѾԽԪ񾳵ĲΡ
ͨԴݻһС
ն
ѩŮĿã¶һĨأ³һ
µĺѩ׵Ľ˸һŻһ𣬻Ϊһھ޴ĺսǿںս˿ӡѷɫ
սӡײһ𣬶ʱµֱӱձɽҲһɲǼ䣬𵴣ºƺʱҪѩ񷡣
ǽ̫Եӡͬһ̣򽣹Уȴһ飬ǵģӡѹնƿսӡһɲǡΪ⣬ͬӡ飬̴档վۺϣΪ޴ĺսն
ձɽϣıѩ֮£ѩŮռݾԵơѩŮ̫󡣡
Ѫϣʿһ
սӡƴʵಢȴӡܱɣԱѩŮͨã̫󣬱ֻܷӳ߰˳ɣȴԷӳǿĸ
飡
ӡƣϲû¶κξ֮ɫ¼ûвƵͨձɽͬڱѩŮ֮С
иȻҲͲ¡
³֣һΰںսϣʱսȻ飬Ϊһ⣬ֱɢ
ĵ۵ͨƿأû׻ʳյ֧ţʩչҲԲܺ˱Ůͨܳáߵҵǰ
ѩŮ΢΢üо۵ͨĿ֮
ҪԽ֮ת飬ǺĵġҪѪձɽߵǰҲҪûʵܳãʱһͻɢָۻֻͨҪʵͨ
ʱȻԽһս
ҪôãھͿսᡣ
жԴˣȻԼ޾ԴԴϣʱһȡͻʧԣһսͲǳ־սսپ̵ʱڽսֳʤǾ
ոյĽ֣໥֮̽ѡ
ĵ˭ûжá
˿ѾҪõƣٶȽսΪڽʱڲϼ٣Ҫ˶þͻɢ
һ䣬̾ŵĺѾȻȻĳУڵһʱ󣬻ΪɡУͨ嶼ܸܵϴݳ
ѹ
Уշ𣬳УҪձɽѹȥ


1108 Ʒ
ͨɢ󱦹⣬ƺܿ˸֣ɢһϹ⣬ñеĸӵ󣬸ӵΰ
ﵽʮ˲㡣
ǵģǶʮ˲㡣
ǰһʱ䣬չУֽ֮ǰõ«뵽Уٳڶʮ˲ڿռ䡣ǾǶʮڿռ䣬ʮСǧ硣ЩСǧ磬ÿһǾ޴ޱȣÿһзԲĴСеرԴ֮ѹһС
ѹǿԺأͶ㶼ԷգСǧ硣Ժܵ޴ѹơ
ڣѾޱȾˡ󡣱Ƿı仯
е֮ǿ֮һ
һѹѹһУ۷塣
ѹһУǴ
ԽԪ񾳣ﵽ񾳲εķ߶ʱһǧɵıգձɽѹȥƣ·𲻽ɽ飬Ĳһ㡣
ܣ
һֱֵļΪĮƽıѩŮڿʱɫʱ䣬һ̣ȫĸоһǿҵΣġ
ѹ֮ձɽ
ôû뵽ؼ仹˿µķƷϣûдﵽ鱦ĲΣȴκ鱦ѷɫӿ¡ѹ£ƺûκ赲
ķ޷󣬵ͳġ
ķӦȴһ㶼зһȣѩȣ
£Կؼ䣬ٴαѩǣձɽ˸⣬޾ıѩɽÿһ򣬶ܿصıѩ˸ıɽӲ̶ȣ֮κνҪӲǧ꺮غ
ѩȣձɽıѩȡ
˵ձɽѾһѩһ㡣
˸УǧѩűѩŮΰ
µĺñɽиֳһɭ׵Уܸܵһֱһеΰ
ˢ
һѩ׵ӱɽš
һ


ⱬÿһⶼݳĶǵĺ
£ƺնᣬʱ䶼Ҫʱնᱻ⡣
ͨ⣡
ĴͨһΪ֮⣬ֳΪµΰǧҲ˲Ϣ֮顣⣬飬ǧͬʱźϯȥ
⣬Ƕǿߣᱻ⣬У̺һеı֮һֱ⣬Ǽö޷תĹ̡
Ƿڱб顣ɱ
ڣһ־ǧ顣һۿȥѤ⣬еΣգ޷ȻǴ㽫ֱӱ⣬ǵᣬɱ
ЩѾڵһʱͳںϣһɨܿƺһѩ׵ıֲ֣ĺҪű֮͸ȥ
һɲǼ䣬Ϳų⣬ֳһУͷ·ãȻȻĽ˽ȥϵıƾʧΪС
һ⣬ѾһʱͱɣͽռС
ӴĻ֮£ЩƺҪǿƻҪ֮⣬Ȼһٶֻͽ֮ͣԴԴϵı֮ɣΪϣû֮ڿռڴЩеȫ֡
Щ߲ͨܡ
ԣ棬ܿģܼıڱʱľʧô̵ˡ
ʲô
˵׻ʵıһһ챦ڱʲôûб֪Ĵͨɵ֪ȷʵǷ
ʿĿãһ˿𺳣ĿȻýȻͬ˭¶̰֮ɫеıûκ˿Դжȡ̰Ҳֻǳ롣
ȻѾﵽʮ˲㡣
鹫аȻ
һ𲻿˼ıǾͿ϶̺֮
ҵձɽӲɱǿҵձɽǿ
Ŀñú󣬱ѩŮ¶һ˿ᶨµձɽȻһźܣôײȥ
ٲȻҪƾɽ֮ײ顣
¡¡
ȻôĿע£ʵʵײһײһɲǣ޷ĺ쳹գΣ͸ըҩ˲䱬ըһ㡣µ¡
ֲĺһƬճױ⣬ռ䶼ֱΪѩ硣ţıɽƬ˷ȥ
һײ̫¡
ײλãȫŤǳ˺ѳһµѺۣʱؿռݶòȹ̡
ɽ飬ϳһѺۡ
ձɽӲ̶ȣ̫ǿ󣬲ȱѷɫĳ̶ֳϣӲϸǿײ˳ѺۡϾֻ챦ҲǷΣδɱ鱦رԴ࣬ɽͨ
ȻЩѺʮϸСڳֺ󣬾ͿʼȻȻϣرԴ֮Ȼ޸
ձɽȴܿƬɽ飬һ޴ıķѣϱɣȻǿ£вѺ۱޸ٴıȴӲСһȦ
ձɽһײ£ֱӵɳʮ⡣
Ӳײɳȥ
ɽھҡΡ
ôܡ
ѩŮɫ䣬ոһײ·ײڲɺɽһǹɴӱбֱֲ̫ûиоĿֲ
ǹȫ޷赲ͺС׼һ㡣ϣ·硣
ǲɿܵΰ

дǰգһץٴγձɽȥͶ䣬ɢһҰϢ
ǧͨطҾ֮
ң
㣡
һҲ飬ǾΣβУǾΡ
ֱɽ׷飬ѩŮѹ
飡
еĳ֣ʮֹκδϢĻᡣ֮ñ̺Ӿˡ
¡¡
ǰײڱɽϣʱһֲĺɽٴγƬ˷ɳȥÿһƬĵرȡ󣬶ƳɼΪǿĺԷ
ɴ˿̣˹עЩƬ
һĿȫеɱС
ɽٴαײ󵹷ɣͬʱٴСдƬɽ屻ײ顣


1109 ѹŮ
һΣ
Σ
Σ
һδηײձɽϡÿһΣñɽһδνˣ·𱻳ѹ·磬ȫ޷ֻܱĳԱײǻ棬Ե쳣£ÿһײÿһʿ඼Ҳһ¡
̫Ұ̫ˡ
ǻ棬ĶҪϢ
˭û뵽յľսȻݱģ
ѩŮȻᱻѹ·磬һδεıˣһδεıҳȥ
ò˵ձɽʮּǿϵײ£ûг׽壬ɢĹâУڱá
㻹ܳáŮʣʱУ㻹κβҡ
ѩŮʼնڱѩϣµıɽƺȫΪһ塣Ǳɽ飬Χʼ߽⣬ûվǣʼձһ־Եţţе޷־ãֻҪȥȻصƿ
ʱһжõת
ѹȴ㹻ˡ
Ц˵
ɲϽɽ
¡¡
֪ײٴΣȻԿ޴ıɽͻȻֱӱ飬һϵ߽⣬ɽըˡ
ձɽȻײˡ
ǲ˼顣ѩŮǰô
ʿĿã̲סһ˿ϲΣĿñѩŮܣȻֵϲһ顣
ۣ
ɽȻ飬ѩŮȴʼû־壬ֻ³һۣţͿصıѩһų貵Ĺâ뵽һƬС
ԺΪģٻ۹ȥһһ𣬾Ȼ˲Ϣ䣬۳һˮһĹǺǱѩ̨ȻȻ뵽֮С
ڹϣȻֳ׭
ѩŮУٲȻĵ̡ں⣬һȦȦɫı˸ź⣬һöɫǳΧźתţǵڶöǳں⣬öö˲Ϣ䣬оö֮Ǹ֣ÿһöж˸ĺģ֯һƺܸ̺ܵǿƺԴݻһС
Щ֮УһöȻԸܵȫƣƺʱпܴиֳ⣬һС
ΪѩŮƱѩ򡣱һеС
ѩŮٴηһϺȡ֮ȫ
֮֮ǰձɽӿ£Ƿ̺ƥĹľöǳÿһöԻءݻһС
һѹ
һĨɫ³һ
ţͿԺУͻȻֳһö̽𻳱öϷһ⡣
ʱ룬룬룬涼ɼ
ʱ仳
ƿʱ䣬ʱ侲ֹ
ʱ仳ϵʱ룬ȫһ̹ľֹͣˣѩҲͣˣֱӽգ䣬ҲеһУͣһ׶
ͬˣ׽գһһ޷źתľö֮ǣֱӶڰա
ǻ棬ס
ȻķΧֻкڵ
ʱ䵹
һ룡
룡
룡

ʱ仳ϵʮ롣ǵģ㵹ʮ룬һ̣һֹĻˣʱ䵹һʱں⣬öֱ֮ʧʱеı֮ʧֳ֧ļ
ʮ뵽ʱ֧飬Ƭռܿģֻһ˸ıƬ鲼ܣʮңѩŮС
ѹ
һʱ£ڱУ·һµĺڶ˲ͽеıƬȫһգУͬѩŮӰҲһʧΪ֮ɨһա
һУ˵ʵԱѩŮ۳ٵʱ仳֣ţʱ侲ֹʱ䵹ո۵ĺ飬ֱ׾ٵȫѹںУʼգ̶̼ʱѡ
ˣ
ӦüһҲɱս֣ȻôͻĽˡ
վѪ彫ʿʿգһǲԼͬŴͣ¶һľ֮ɫͣƺȫûа취£¶Ŀ⣬ȫһִ벻ŵɫ
ڹעһսͬ¶һĿɿڴɫ
ʵǣ̫ˡ
ѩŮıѹˡ
ҲΰɣոҾȻ׻ʽѩŮѹˣսУѵҾˡ
ʱ侲ֹʱ䵹ҾȻʱڵѩŮ۳ĺȻʱ䵹ˡ׻УȻӵһʱңʱ䵹ֻǾֲʱ䵹ѩŮ޷ܣǶôµ
ΪʲôѹΪʲôֱӻɱѩŮѵ׻ʶɱѩŮڸô֡
һ
һĻʵ޷üӦ
ɱǿ߶ԵУûôģץסᣬǾһǬʲôƨټǧУɱҹҹġƾУʵ޼սʶս飬ಮٵ£п̶ֳܴȡ
ǿɱ׼һ
ͺñǸոգоҵʤֵĻᡣڱɽ飬۳ʱ̣ɣǱѩŮʵʱ̣ʱ仳֮ǿнʱ䵹˵ɽ飬ȴû۳ʱ̣ǿѹڡ
Уκһ˿ɣþ淢ת
ԿѩŮѹʱѪ⣬ǵصıѩ޷ĳ˷ϯȥ޳ûнǿʼϯƬ½ء
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1110 ̸
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ѩŮڱѩ֮УνһoȻֻ꣬ոյoɶڷƿأƣû뵽һǿߣеУȻɱλеһİסҪԸô׵¡
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ÿ춼ڱǿ
һ㣬úҲǰΡ
ܶõֶβ࣬ϧκβСڽ죬ĿùеļɵȻ޷ٶԴ׳֡

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ӮˣӮˡϹȻǿģһսҲҵһڡ
֪ѩֵʲôʱɢǲǱѩŮԭҪǵĻεĿԾʹսˣҪǲǣҲԽһѩǴ׿ɲ¡ȱʣҲȱʳѩپöܡ
һɳУ¶ϲ
֮ǰпҪʱһѾ֪սֱȻǽеؼʱ̣пǵ˾һսʱڿȻˣǣһΣǴǻʤһ

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ѩŮƷһº󣬾ͽ豭¡۾ֱϡ
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ٴ˵

ѩŮûлشֻһĬ
ʵ֮䣬δؾһǵˣֻҪܴɹʶδزܳΪѡм˵ķһҪѹƬ½أûв´ƺҪõԸ

ѩŮû˵ͫȴ΢΢һȻ⻰ġ
ҪҴ׻ʳգҹĤݣȫĵ棬һ㣬ҴȻܴӦҴװգΨǿܲϱǿҪҴ֮նһһʲӦδûа취Ťת֪񡣡
л˵
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ѩŮ֪ܲһ㣬˵һϵһŦۡ


1111 ;ͬ
һõ뷷⣬ܻô׻ʳˣҲʱңɵ۳ˣܻȡԸ˼ӳ֣ٶȱԭȵļʮǵõԸԭ
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뷷֮һɵУһ˷ĳ̶ֳϣ֮䲻ɷָϵ
뷷ȺȻ
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ʵǷ档Ⱥ顣Ⱥˣ飬ԸȺȺִ󡣵ɽļ任ǷĿ
ֻҪܱ뷷⣬֮·ʿȻԻȡԸȡԸȻƷ֣֮ÿһƷÿ죬ÿһȡԸй涨ģȡԸģûʵģͺñȡ⹩Ը
ֻ֮ǰвû¶Ҫ÷
Ҫ˵ġңǱģĵְͨʿȻġoְʵǶطһƿȨޡһȨޣȨ漰Ȼûдۡ
˾Ǵۡ
ѩŮȻ⣬Ǳѩoƿرѩ֮˵oְģҪۣһʴ׬׬ô𡣺οǿߣ׵ķΧ֮ڣǺʡȻô׷Եɱ䡣
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ݣȻǸеģҲҪȷģ¹ǷܹƽϢ
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ܿĵĵ;һׯѾ̺õһֱͨĵ·
ֵ;ֽ֤Ҳoĸ·
ߵ󣬲κε;ѷɫ;ͬ顣


1112 
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磬طһԣᱻoռݣ֤ơ
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֮֮ںһ𣬾Ϳݱ֮Ҳǳѵһ֤֮֮·ʿǴµĵ
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ǰڷһʳȡ˱Ƕ롣ܿĳҿջĳʦվ൱Ȼûʳ⣬ζȫ˿̲סʳ󿪡ǣЩһЩеزϺз֮ġ
ڷǰʮˡʳָ󶯣
⼸ƺԴû̫ȤȻ˭ûƷЩü
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ƺͲ󣬿貵̻ʮĽЩԾԾԡһɫ
׻ʳȷʵͬѰ׻ʵ¼Ҳ׶˵ò˵ʥ󣬶һָ¼֮ģ֮٣ȻѩŮѹƬ½صƺѾҪʧˡʵǲ˼顣
ŮӸ̾
ڴ׽ʱһε׵ĽݵÿһԺУһĿ


1113 仯
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ͷųȥ֮ǰ̻֪ҪѤٱȫӾܡһ־ͽ̻칤칤еõ֤̻Ϳʼڴ׸ɳ֮ڡ
ڲϵľо£̻಻ӡ
ܿҹѤʵ̻õ֤
ڽֵϣһ̡
ָĵ㵮
ǰ磬вӵеġ
磬꣬б̲꣬ꡣȵȵȣ̵ֵĴڣôÿһɳеøӵķḻЩȻִҴı仯
ȻЩ仯Ҳϲּġ
ԴӰ죬ܷḻɫʣȻò
Ѿ׳Խ硣
˭һο߽ͬɾһ㡣
⼸˽֮ڣȻҲǰĿõһ𾪵
ɳǣĻʳ
ǺҪ棬ˣȳԣһȥкúùһ䣬һ֣ĴһֻһΡһΣ´λ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򡣡
ŮҲԾԾԣһже棬ҪȥһҲ

׻ʳʳǣƳǡ
ʹ֮ڡ԰ҲԲ԰ݱһˮ԰֮ڡһˮͤÿһͤУڷһΣ鲼ɽ亣ζƼȣǶ˱ǣи׺ʳڹâҫ
ÿһͤУˡ
һһ΢ЦС̸š
ģһ棬˿ǶĿڡ
ܶɳǵİն￴Լɳǵĳ
ǵģǳ
ڴ׻ʳڣгһ̶ѾЩһ˿һ𣬽ȻżĹͬԣǱ˴֮չ໥ϵ֮ͨġ
Щ೯¸߲㣬һá
Ůһͤش紩һķ羰
ϲɫ
зһι硣ҹ硣Ҳһξֵͬҹ
ֹ磬ڴÿֻһΣң׻ʳڳ֮еĹԱسй֮ݵλͬһ㡣


1114  
׵ĹԱƽʱһɳǣҲû̫Ļн磬һɳǵĳȻλȨأһǷ⽮ʷ໥Ļ᲻࣬εᣬÿ۵ʱ̣໥飬ҲܽһЩִ֮
顣
Ҳӱ˴֮ĹС
ᣬڴ׻ʳб֮Ϊ硣
Уʳ⿳ĸַʳңоĶſ𣬻УֳʳȵƷϣһ磬Ʒ׻ʳʳȣиһϯϡ
һξֵͬʢ硣
ȥйһΣǵڶΡ
һʱ˵Ǻ䶯׻ʳܲμˣ޲ܵյĽ޲ܹ
ǵڶΣģ
ϼݵ
һĸߺ
ʱˮ԰˷׷վ̧ۿȥ
ȻԿˮ԰λãһͤ˵ȫһˮйһ㡣ԲεϰݷŸʳȡ
Ůһ˽ȥ
ֱ߻ǣһ۵СŮģȫܿ󣬾һӡֻ۾ԵĴţһϲı顣Ȼܿ˶ˣǺܿĵġⲻǱˣеŮɻˣҲǴ׵İ
ǲµŮÿһǾĴ硣չ¶տǣΪ֮ݡΪ֮ɫ
һ棬Է׷
Ǵ׳سҲ׽ĿֱǣǴ׻ʳĻʺ󣬻ݵ󣬲κ˿¡
ߺѾܿ΢΢͹ĸ
ߺλ̥ѾꡣƺѾҪļ󣬶ֻ̥ʱ̫²ûие֣ĸڴʱԽãʾ͸Ϊ١
ɲǷеŮӻ̥ͨŮӻ̥ʱ̫ãͻʹ̥ϻֲõӰ죬ʿͬʿ̥Ԫ̥̣̥֮ʱԽ̥յ֮Խ࣬ʸǱ˶ɱ䡣
컯Ĺ̡
ԣߺʱԽ׻ʳڴ֮ľԽӵǿҡ
ܶ˶ڴߺܵһλž޵Ļӹӻʼҵĵ˿ڡ򣬻ʼҵ˿ڻ̫ˡ
μϣ꣡
μʺ

԰УȺͬʱ˹İݼһݣǳĳ⡣û˿ʡܴɿ׻ʳֵЧңĻϣֵ׷档
λƽ
׵ͷЦŵ˵ǳϦǾӭ£磬ǾһԸԲףһҴȡõķչչõδûоܳԺȡΨһҪǸ˶˶顣
һε磬ʣһ˸˵ľۻѡ
лϣ
ƳЦŴӦ
ϯ
漴һ
ʱ˷׷׾еľףаݵһϣ
ϣ
Ц̧ףͷʾ¡
ʺŮһʽʼ
һŮ紩ڸߣϽʳȷÿһϯϣٽѾȥʳĿһûпףӷ׷׿ʼڳԺ
һһε硣˭ԼһΡ
⿳ʳǶǿԴ󲹾жſ𣬺ڿУǳȫĸܵС
磬ˮϯԴԴϵʳ
ииʳ̲裬ȵȵȣϵĳ֡
յȥЦϦ֮ҹַǷǺܶϯУųţ͸оԼͻˡ˵籾һλԵģٶܻȡٵĺô
ϯУʮҡ
ĬûȥλõеˡڵλԵñȽ徲
һһ߿һ߳ԣС̸֮һ硣
ѩӦû᳹׽ɡƺѾʼָˡ
̧ۿգ˵
ѩ֣Ѿ˽ʱ䣬ɲʲô顣ָܻȻٺò
⣬ὥָ½ֲϣûѩ֣ɻӰ졣ǵȵں־ɱ󣬲пܳ׻ָ
л˵
ȫָȻǲܵ顣
ʱУʣѾȫ뵽ʶĹȥֻҪɣ½ϵһѣƽϢǸٶֵͬõġ
һЩϢ鱨
Уǿ಻ԣѹͬѹȫһֿµС
¡¡
ҹ粻֪Ѿҹʮ㡣ڴǾӭµһʱͻȻ䣬к׵һܼꡣֵļΪͻһۿȥƺΪ׺
ô£ôӴ
ոսꡣѵҪ⣬ƺʲôõסôˡʲôҪٰɡ
ϯУһգ¶֮ɫ˭ܿͬСɡ󣬿ɲܵġ

ʶĽСڻУ¶һĨǡ
ûм⵽󡣡
Ҳ¶һĨ֮ɫ
඼޷Ԥ⵽ǺʣѾΧ֮ڣҲ˵ƣڴ׵ƿ֮ڡ
ǧУȻԿУһֻɫƾճֻ֣ɫУ·ܿصķڲ֣𲻶ɢ޾ϡڳֵһɲǣоͬʩһεļ޴ѹ
֪ȻУܸܵϵǿ֮
ۣ֮
̧ۿգл³һаһ
ۣ֮ڼǰͱĿùĿù䣬ѹ־Ĺ̡뵱ȣֱۣ֪֮Ҫ׳ٱһ˿ѹѾض·ʼǹϣȫ޷κβ֮ġ
֮ʮϰٱֹ
һ֣ƺֹͣת
ô죬Ȼͽ־ѹˡ
һ
ϸۣ֮ԿܱߵĿռѾû־Ĺֻǣ֮Уܿصط˸ײƺںϣڽյݱ䡣
Ҫô
ɫ
ʣһþ˵ĺô־ɺ󣬶ӵ޷ĺô


1115 ҹ
˵־ȻΪǿģط۶Щ־һСͬط־ÿһԣζʳȣȥֱǿ׳
ͺǽ۳ɴһ㡣
ȫȫһʢ硣
Կĳ־ںѾһѾ׽ӽβңѾʼطƿأѹһ֡
ʣֻҪ֣ҪѾǽǰ顣
ۣ֮Ҫô
̫ˣ̫ˣүֻˣоˣǻˣҪˣǲУֱ˲أ֪˶սʿΪʲôΪʲôһ첻㵽
̫ˣڵȵˣڵȵһ졣
һ̣磬壬֮ʱͬĻź
ң
ң
ң
⼸Ǹ޷󣬵ôģֱƴһУƴҪ
֣ѣǳһ£޷Ŀºȴ˺ü꣬ʿ֧ŲסʵĶȱڼĻ֪ж١
ϲ
޷ݵϲ֮Ĵӿֳ
û˭Ը֮УֳϦ˭Ըȥԡ
˿֮̿۵ĿⶼüΪȡ
֮۽ɫɨأŰƻľ󿴵һ֮вûиֳκεı顣
飬
Щֶκ嶼һͬʣ֧Ǿһξ޽еϴ񣬶ڽĺôʵ̫󣬿ͳ
ֻҪѹȥͿԡ
һʱţȻὫ֮ǰ˰޲áʲôɱҪʹңֻǳںɣҪ뽫εջ񳹵ԶԶɵģһֿʱõĹ̡
ҲҪǧ꣬пɱ䡣
Ȼɱ䣬ƿطת粻ٲʲôõӰ졣
֣ҪˣȻǿ˶࣬ǲ˼顣

֮۵Ŀ⣬һ˿η
Ƕΰڵ𾴡
쿴ʲô
ʱͻȻ˿ڷһ󾪺
ȻԿУڱڴɫ֮ͻȻһλáƬڣܼʧԼ䣬ֳһƬĺɫ
漴һѹ֣һֿ¸縡֡浽ǺɫĹŹڴǴ磬ƺǴֻɫı渡ֳġ
Ҫѳ
ͺǽɫеĺɫͫסǺɫͫףƺڲɢ
ǺɫУʮ˸ͨħᴩء棬صͼ̣ħͼĪ⣬־塣
м䣬һڵ񷣬һͨںڰеĿ´ڶϡƺ˯С
ˢ
ͻȻ䣬ħ϶Ȼһ˫ڵ˿־дݳ޾ı壬䣬˲ɫֲĺɫƺҪ״ӽɫѳ
ҹҹ硣
Ŀ£ͫһ̲ס磬һΣҹ硣ݴ˵ҹ磬Ӧ̫ͬˣһ棬һڷ档
Ҳд˵һϴ磬ӵб˴˵꣬໥Ϯ
ʲôû˭ܹ˵ֻƾ²⡣
ħȫ޷ʵﵽʲôΣĿ⣬ƺֱӴ͸صĽء
ѹͨں־ҪѹͨδЩ̫Сҹ꣬һսߡһԪͬı䲻սܵĽ֡
ħƺܿ³һ
ǻƴƥƥС˷ĵһ˿־徴η
֪Ϊ֮־座Ȼ
ʲô֮ۺôһ硣
ҹ磬ںҹ磬ҵ죬˵ħսУԵĵ˾ҹ磬ǵصĴֱ޾˾ʵͬǿΪʲôʱ֡
ʿǿ߷׷̧ۿգһ¶𾪡
һĻ׵߸ʿеۡԼܵƬдڵܣʵ̫¡ǰ֪ģֻǱɽһǶѡ
ҹΪʲôʱ֣дŪʲô
΢΢üա
ԾħսȻҹĿ£ϢħսԵģʵҹеĿڻңҹ˶㲻ϡ˭ҹʵ׻ǿʲôز
ȥʲô飬ҲܲС
ҡҡͷ
ʵʵ
㣬ҪֽȥҲûʸûа취СУ˸оһԵܡд
¡¡
ƺԱŭħĻʱɫб⣬Ϊһɫںɫͨ⣬һ֯һ𣬻Ϊһž޴ĽɫϵĺɫͨѹȥҪͨȫӡǻ׻Ϊޡ
̫СҹˡһΣרΪ֣㲻ҪںôǱһ֮
ħ񷢳һЦ
ּ䣬ָһͿһöڵħͨһ˻һ⣬ƿն
飡
޷öħٶȵж죬ֱ޷޷׽
˲Ϣ䣬ͻƷصײ֮ϡ
һײʱض·ھ𶯣˸飬Ϻȥٶ֮죬ͷƤ飬дɽº촷ֱۣը顣
У鶼ܸ֮ܵƺһŭŭ
ħ飬Ⱦ֮ۡ
꣡
ͻںе֮˲顣
Щ֮ϣò޷ƿءÿһƺУƺ૵棬ħȵȣԴԴ
ռУһֹĻˡ
ͬʱѸٱѡ
ȻΪʮö
ԿʮöֻһöΪ޴󣬴СöҪϲ١öУɢĮĹâͨɫһ
öȴɸͬɫ
Щתá˵컯ƺ־е
־ͬĹ飬ǴݳһУָоʮֹ죬ؼ䣬鶼һֲĸо
öħ̺޾ħʱ̣һںϳ˵Ҫˡ
аĻԺС


1116  Ĺ
ԣˣˣԭˣȻƣȻҹ綼ڡ뵽ˡôÿµ
漴аͷһһ̾Եʮֵ𾪡
㷢ʲô
пѯʵ
ȻǷ˴һ壬ûбҪ£̽Է˼ά䡣
־ÿ־̺ŸָҪ볹޳ЩȻһʮѵ飬ܳΪ־ִɲôġܴ㷢ûУöǾı壬̺Դ֮ȥľöȻҲ̺ԴԴӣ־ʡ
Ȼҹ֣֮޳ȥӱз룬һɱıԴ֣޳ʡо޴ĺôȻûôơҪȻͱҹˡ
Ȼˣ
ϸȥҲоЩɢϢԣһЩͬǱִңȻµĺ֮ǰЩ־ȥʵҲһȻӵмôģ˿̣ȴҹ֣֮һݵĽЩȥ
ò˵һּΪֶΡ
¡¡
ʱȻԿǱѹͨУһ޾š׵ģһֻƴֱ̽ӳҹС
ּ䣬£һ챮֡챮ϣȻֳһ貵ڻţɣ˫
ӵ챮ϣصķģ·ʱͣ϶ءв˸һ֣ͳħѹȥ챮ۿɼٶȷǣÿ䣬ǳǧɵıǡ˲Ϣ䣬ͳء
ͬһ̫ɽֱӳħѹȥ
Ĺ챮ҳ֣
챮ʱħ¶һĨŭ֮ɫһŭ𡣳ͷʱ׾͸оܵĿռ䣬ʱ䣬ǿнʱгһεĽ硣޷ѡһɲǼ䣬ܵգһֿռ䣬滻
ͨĹͨ
ֲ챮ϴݶ챮˲Ϣﵽ£ϯԽѹ塣
Ҫѹңܡƣ
ħ챮ϸܵһ־޴вһѹǿҵϢָоʮֿ£ҲڵһʱӦ
һġ
Աߣһ޴ħµ챮ײһ
¡¡
ħϣܿħ챮һֲͨħ죬ĺ챮ϡҪ챮顣ħı壬챮ײһ
챮ϣͬڵһʱ䱬һϽ⡣챮ϻ緭ãһն£֮Щϯͨ׷ױ߽顣֮ȫÿһⶼܷһС
Ϳͨڽ»Ҳнⱻͨ顣ÿһѹǧšա
գۼ䣬Ѿûȫ޷Ƭľ
һ챮ͨУȻ£ͨѹڡ
챮ֱӸֳ׭綴
󣬾ʲôˡ

Щ˵ʵʱ䲻Ƕ̶̼ѣɷ飬ȴʿ־壬Ȼ
Ƭ磬ѵҹ磬Уħ񵽵˭ͻȻֵ챮ʲô
ÿµ챮һܸоԱǳ޾ʱնˣԣ֪ж¡˭ҹħ֡˭ʤ˭
綴챮ΪʲôͬһĹʲôˣĴͨô
ʿ𺳡
Ǹоٴθܵͬһ㡣
ȻͬһԪǿߣĴսҹҲùδػõȥпܾˡ
ĿãԺпһͷ
һԪ飬Ȼڵʵݣ޴ӽӴһܸܵһԪȫܣ·磬ǿߴڣػ硣
ЩҲ˵УѾʼ仯
ֻɫ֮޳ʺ󣬶ʱ֮ƿ˲ƿؼķ֮
Ϣ񱩵ķ򣬷׷ƽϢ䡣
ؼ䣬ѷ׷ɢ
εĻڵصĿֹͣˡŰصĺˮʧˣĸɺʼƽϢꡣһǿʧÿһѩŮʮƣȻ⣬طo
oƿ֮ó
һĻ֮д
漴һεΰѾС
ɽֱӻΪŸָĿ磬ʿȥһСĶᱻɢ롣Ҷʣ¡
ɽֱӻΪһɽҵĻ棬ǧ㣬¶֮ߣʿҲ޷ܣȥͻᱻճɻҽ
еط㣬ȥУţƺ´Ͽߡ
ָĽϳ֡
ͬΨһͬľǣУ϶ǰδеŨƺͬǷϵĺĻʮֹ죬ڴ󲿷ʿǾɶЩ˵бأͬo˵޿бء
Ǽӿв˵ֲǰĸΣռoĵ·ǰ
ƽϢؼĶңͬǸoڶλᡣ
ЩܿеѺѾʧΪУ磬յںϣ컹ǵأںϡԪκ
տһɴеľöС򣬸գʧ
䣬oѹӡΪһɱĹô
аԳ¶һ˿ء
Щʣ̺գܽвһǿ϶ܻȡĺôˣȴҲֲ˼챦
䣬Ǿöô£ЩҲ
ЩѵǱ𡣡
ʿĿ⿴ա
úܶʿһ뷨Щ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Щܿ˸һ˲ɿܣǸ߸ϵ־ңܿЩɢĹâ𲻶ƺص𣬻һԵ쳣ңҪǳʿԺУ»˵裬ҲҪɰ׳ա
̺־֯һ𣬲˼ɱ䡣


1117 
˸һööУһ𣬻Ϊһ𲻿˼̥̺֮ϡöֱ˸Żơҡࡢסڡ𡢳ࡢϾɫ⡣ܿһӰ̾ᣬȴ޷ǵʲôΡ
꣡
һУֻöɫĹУһΰȻ䣬ճƹգԻɫΪģգۼ䣬ΪһƬռ䣬һ磬öɫͷ·ǸĺģƬסϵoڹУĽԼ䣬ԿһŻɫͼ֣һѹš
öƬ磬ַ·޴ڡ
һϵĻ
Ϊ죬쵱
ǻΰݿܵϣεѹؼÿһڣҪʿȫѹڵϣݡ
ѹڴ׻ʳʱ
ƺУצ췢һεǹѹϣɢ޷ѹѹ
Ϊ˳̺һ˿Ǵû˭ƾѹѹסνĻҲ⡣
׻ʳУ˹ݡ
漴ͿɫĹУ˸Ϊ̥̥־޾ΰһµ硣Уܿһɫĥתػˮ硣
Ϊ죬쵱
һĻ𡣴ݵС漴ʧ֮ϡ
Ϊ죬쵱
һöɫдݳϺȡΰݱһȫµ硣УԿһѩ׵֣ѹļ
Ϊڤ죬ڤ쵱
ɫĹдݳһϺһƬڵؿݱ䡣ǻУһɭ䣬һ˿־ɭ䣬Թͬܵ޾Ϣһڵĳᦸ֣ǳᦷ·̺޾Ԩܽߡ̺޾ľ
Ϊ죬쵱
нɫݱ磬һԡ
ɢ޾нɫı̾ա
Ϊħ죬ħ쵱
ɫĹУһֱ֮ŰգݱһƬأһڵĹɢħ
Ϊа죬а쵱
ɫݱ䣬磬һɫɡȻȻĸ֡ϵķ治˸áݡ
ΪѪ죬Ѫ쵱
ɫУһɷ˺Ʋ񷣬ݱһƬѪɫ硣УһصѪɫ챮֣һµɱָ챮ϡ
ɱ
Ϊ죬쵱
ɫһ֮ᴩһɫ̾գ˿ĵһۣ̲סһ˿Ĥݳ
һööݱɣУֳ磬񷣬ÿһޱߣɢǰѷɫÿһУֳһֻµ֮ۡÿһֻУɢȻͬ
Ψһͬľǣͬ£ͬϡ
ע˲ò䳼η
֪Уգһʧ
ǳؼѹʼûȫɢĻ˭޷󣬻ΪոһУֻһξѡ
죬죬ħ죬а죬Ѫ죬죬죬ڤ죬졣Ǿ죬ŸôԭȵǾʮ⵽Ҫʲô
ĿãҲɵһ鴤ĳԲʲô£˵滹µı仯δػѷɫ˭֪Ŵʲô
졭
ʿͬĿһУе𺳲κѷɫоУʱۻעԼָоʮֲãֱâڱ
ħľ죬ֻнҪִ鷳ˡ
аЦ˵
Щһݱ졣Ҫ˵ǿ˽һ㣬ǾԲŵġ
ع飬ֽλ赣ǣճϦͬ졣꣬Ҵ׻ʳ㲻࣡
ܵԴ׻ʳеĿֻţл³һεֱӴݵÿһնСĸܵϵšаĪġ
ǻϣ˵û£ǾͿ϶û¡
õģǴ׻ʳʲôûоЩֶȹˣĻʲôµġ
һշ׷׻ָš
ûٿЩٴγ´ϲ쵱С
һ죬һ꣬ǡ
Ԫ£䣬죬ҿԪĻ

Ȼı仯ĵģڼû˶ݲݽϯ賿ʱ֣ս
ڽһɳ֮׷׿ʼͨȥظɳǡ
سֱ仯벻ǡȻʱ뿪ǰɳִ֡»ʲôõıʡ
ڶ졣ǽꡣ
峿ëʹС
ϣˡڹ¥ڡ
ëڼкֱӿ˵
½廹Ǻ
΢΢üѯʵ
ǺңƼΪѪϢӦĴѪ塣ǲ嫺˵嫺ʹĺǣƬ½أ嫺֮ڣ嫺ڣŴĴ½أǽµ½ѷɫ
ë˵
нǲȴ嫺Լڵ½أʹ嫺֮ࡣʣ嫺ڡ޾˭֪ӵжٺ
Ȼʼձ½ظ
û˵ʲôҪ¡
ٴѯʵ
ûУ
ë΢΢ҡͷ΢̽嫺˶Ϊıܿ⣬ֻ˵ҪԼܸ֪Ŀġ
ǳűġ
˼˵
ʱ֣˭׼ʲô顣
Աʵ򣬴еΣձ½ϸ࣬Ǹӿ¡
ǰʹʵҪ嫺׼ʲô
΢˵
˵ĿҲǺ档
ȻһڼȻˮʯ
ëȥʱͿһһŮëʹ
ƺΪݺҲûмڶͷϺȻ¶ǣݱ¶šԴ֮һλ档ȻҪóõơ
ȻŮŮԷǷ
ڽһۣоŮϡһҲɰ𾪣òľǲض˵ĸ߹˵һ۾ӡ̵ĸо
嫺׻ϡóȻã׻ʺ
ǴŮʱҲɰԴеɼΪλɼĹҲǼΪϸġʮƳ硣
ǰҴףҲҴĪңȻӭ֪֮ŮǰΪ¡ƽѯʵ
ġ
Ů˵


1118 
֪ʲô
΢ѯʵ
λԾǴѪ壬Ѫϵ˵ǲֵһᣬ壬ѹƣϣܶӰ졣ʱʶĸоһѹԾһ˿Ȼ
ɫ䣬·ǶԴһ
嫺еһᣬһܱ໥ǽ˻ᣬһᡣó챦б;ģȻбҲԽҪıϽһΣȡá
Ů˵ɫ䣬һ˿
ʱиǺ档
УһһʳˣˣܲȤ֮УûУҲָľ콾
ڰԴеͬʱҲһ˿档
ϣȷʵطġ
ᣬе᣿
Ҳһ˿
дԣĪޱеıʤռݹĺڴУӵ޾챦
μУûбˣһˣսңʲôˣЩʥȱ˱һˣҲȱʲôʲôȫҪġʵչֳĸģǿ֪ġ
УģϾ
ᣬʣһѵõ䱦ʢ硣϶ó챦צһ㶫Ƕʿᡣ
ǵģΪϾǸٵԣô˻һ磬ǿԻ۴ƱͣʿܹͨޡһԼҪҪƷ
Ů˵
ȻҲصԭ
Ϊǰӡԭգò䲻ӡʼȱڣķӡȻҲɶˣɶ˵ȫ𣬶Ϊһ壬ɳ硣ܵӡӰ졣
磬Ԫ񾳲εѾ⡣
ĽƣҲԪ壬ʿɽҲ忪ʼϻԾԭ
ᣬʣͬӰųȥԭڡչ¶ʵȷаĵλ
е뷨Ȼе۾
磬Ҫܱǰһչֲչʵ
ĿǺ̡
֪뷨Ҳû˭ܾǰĻ̫ѵá˭״
ȻҴײԶҪǰֻ²ס
ƽ˵
Ȼ룬ȻѾǺЩǰý顣ֻҪעУͻֱγһͨ͵֮ڡֻܵȵ統ſԿ
˵
Ȼܱ룬Ȼ;ӦֶοԽЩ⡣
ҪȻȥˣΪ·;ԭһûգĻһֶΣչֳĵǿ󡣿νһٶá
пһŮŽɫ׵ͷãٵ֮գʱضǰʢ磬ϣܲС
΢ջѡǰȥ
ֺаȻܽûбҪõġ˭嵽жôǿĵ̡Ҫ֪ռݺԺԴҪչ׳󣬼ֱ׾ٵ顣
ǰ˵ųܣǿ߾ͱϥ飬ǼֱЦѪΪضѪһô׿ġģǶ塣Ҫʣͬһ㡣
ʮġ
нӹһۣٵľڣڣµʱ䡣ȫż
һӭݡ
Ц˵
ŮҪû£Ҵ׽ڣúһȻҴḻ棬Ҳˮ·ⲻͬ
Ц˵
ڴ֮ȣͬѷɫֺܶϡ֮ûеġҲ͸¶һ˿˷ܡ
ڴеļţǰûиܵġ
̻ܿܳԵ裬Ʒʳּţǰûᵽġ

ʱŮȥ
ӲԶ˳
Ĵǰ硣
ɫص˵ںף֮ǻ޷㵽ͻȻ룬ǷƣҲòΪؼ䶥ǿ壬Ҫб䣬Ҫֵס
˭ұ֤ǰһȫ
赣ǣ巢룬Ҫ飬ǶʱпΣգǾԲܳΣա£Ҳñ¡
Ц˵οҵʵҲӦܶвĿв٣޷ѵģǾָ
ȥˣңһΣ˵ҲܱӴһδûᡣ˽ܱ߻ʱָĿɲڵ½أ½ص鱨
ףԲֹǰƬ½أⲻǸոտʼ
ȵɻۣǴչ¶ʵʱ
ȫռһ½أʸ߳ȥͼıࡣ
˵֮ǰͲҪ֣Ҫܱ߻һ˽⡣һȣȣı֮
ˣѼҴǰ̽һ£ҪҪһǰ
ͻȻ˵
磿˵ξʱпֱܳ仯ǰȥ̽ǲЩ̫ðա΢΢ɵ
Ҳ֪һЩξɣ˭֪ᷢʲôΣпա׽ξ֮Уһֻϣпһֱ̣ӻΪΣصΰֲǣξУؿռ䣬ȫʱпܱ޷ĺ
Σ˭
磬ԣһĪɴ
Ǵܽȥпܳ档
Ȼ˵к޼ɣҪƽ뿪Ӧò⡣ңҵĺУһڿռ䣬Ϊε磬ʵξʵξ˶磬λõȥɣٲΣ
Ц˵
˵ʵڣЩҪȥһ¡ֻһֱΪ鵢飬òһӣϾԹƣ˭֪ᷢʲô
ʱôġ
ѾȻĪĶ죬ҲҪģҲµʱ䣬ȫгʱ̽ʿռ䡣
磬ǿǹغ֤֮;
εԴԴϵ֮ĳɳ˶ͣ͡һ㣬̶ʱУѾڿռ˷Բ
ڿռ䣬ѾﵽԲĴСҪͻƵˡ


1119 ε
εĹ͡
εƬʵξټλõֱϵһ˿ͨԴԴϵȡξ֮뵽ε磬ΪԴ֮ڿռ䡣Ҫ֪ŵģһڿռ䣬Ƕʮ˸ڿռ䣬ټϻռڡ
֪⼸ʱУгȡξ֮жôӴ
ǾһԴԴϵԴȪ
úĳɳɱ䣬޷ľ޴áȡ֮֮ߡ
ȻԴҲԽӵĶġпܽ绯ΪãǾǿײԾĹؼڡ

ҹ
ĹУһҵ֮ӵڴϡ
һ䣬˵ԪѾȻȻĽС
ֵһ˵ǣ⼸УӵкԴӴ˼ӳ£ټϱǿʣѾͻƵླ۳ࡣһɻ١
ɻϹâһȻȻĻΪò
κη֮࣬ǰģǸַ̬ĻΪģǱһԼԼǵķ
һ㣬˿ѡ
ԲʣԴټо˫ޣΪٶȣԶˣ֪͵õͻƽһ·ɳɱ䵽ླ
ûǰԪһЯͬС
ε磡
ڽһƬ̲סĳܴȥ
ԿƬ磬ȻԵЩ죬ǻߡ
ƺûʲôͬɴƬУһɫأܸܵУûκõһʵ顣
ɨأܿģֻһƬãȻĴء
صɫһֿݻɫ
棬ǿݻɫģûһ˿⣬ǿݻɫģûƶ䣬ֻһɫֻǻɵһƬʹʿĿҲ޷̫Զĵط
УȴֳһööݡЩݵɫһнɫģаɫģкɫģзۺɫġͬƯ
ЩݣܸоƺΪĴпһ̾ͻ
ݣءڻɫУͻȻģͻȻʧġ
ǹ졣
һֻ߲ʵĺؼ䣬Ҳ⣬ŲϷ裬ɢ߲ϼ⣬ʵã
ųЩд
ε磬ҲһƬʵξΨʵξܳΡλõڣԻǲ֮Ϯһε磬ͻᱻξ֮ʴֱʧǣֱ뵽֮СЩݶһξξ
п˵
ٳε磬ʵ˵ȡһȨޡ
ͬʵξɳξĸ
εΪһ֣ˣ˵׻ʳĽ֮ڣһ飬ֻҪ˯ˣʼΣǾһεռ䡣ξݣȫԴ׽ڵ顣ⷶΧڵξС
ǣŴ׵ţ׽жӵеԽ࣬ξݲӡϱࡣɣȡȨ
΢ţһ죬˳췭ظĸı䡣
εУȻиʧĿܡܽε֮κξ
ǷۺɫʲôΡ
ĿЩۺɫݡò˵ݿʮĿ˲ԾϲǶŮԶԣˡ
Ҫ֪ȥˡ
Ц˵
һλõѾڽ£ôȻȻһöۺɫξ֮ڡ
һȥ϶ʱһ㶣žһƬߺ졣
ǰȻԿһƬԭ죬һ󣬾ɫ֮Ŀ԰ΡԾĳС
̵زԭ֮ϣһһѩ׵ƴţһ߿˷ٲȻһƬôɫ
ޣԭǴΣ
ʶһΣβҲ֪һ
ξǧʲôζУҲǺ顣
ЦЦûжǰĴɫеܡ
ΣǺ飬ÿ˶пΣһĳɳȻĽƽңξ֮ʮŨ
ʱͿξеŮڽɱڼн
һɲǣʱͿأȻµı仯
ȾǶŮʧ
ţزľʼήȻŴرѣ𶯣·˼ĴгѺۣڱܺ㣬ֳķѵĻ档
ǻ棬ͷ·һ㡣
Ƭ磬Ȼ顣
ֱأĻ֮ĸоԪǿߴУһصıشǵ䣬Ϊ촷ۡ
εѾξƬξռͻ𡣳ױݻ١
˵
λõı£ܱߵεı飬ʼûκ˺ĿһƬռ
ˢ
ξҲ³εС
Կ֮ǰöۺɫѾͬʱһۺɫԭأţͳʵξȥ
ȥʵξ΢ɲһ˿һ˿
Ǿξ֮Σʵξξˣξͬʱξξ֮ʧǻʵξУ뵽ʵξʵξһ֣ʵξɳϡ
аԳ
ξ֮ʲôǻ룬ִľ컯֮رԴ֮磬Ǽξ֮ҲرԴȻֻһ˿һƣȴʵξϣɳ
Σôˡ
ǺɫʲôΡ
һöɫѯʵ
ߣȥ֪
ɫɢһ˿겻һ֪ʲôΡ
߶λõξ
ʱͿһӳޱ߱ѩ֮УŵѩߣϡýӲһְĵĿ־壬¡
ߣͣǰߡ
ţţյѩУ¶һС£ձñ䡣
ڵµһ̣ܿ޾Ŀ־
ǳ׵׵جΡ
ƬجοռҲſʼ顣䣬ͳʧһƴ׳ĺɫԭأʵξС
جεξ֮ȴҪࡣ־Ӵ󡣡
˼˵
߶Աȣجαȴ̺ξ֮Ӵ
Ӧ˼ҹΣ֮ǰѩ֣ԣôһجΡ
˵
جΣԴĵĿ־塣
֮ǰѩ֣ǶԺܶɼΪµӰ죬ѹ֡


1120 
ξΣԤ֮εȵȡλõıӻ£׾ٵĽУܵξĲͬܶξڳһʱ䣬᳹ױ飬һ𣬾ݣԭȵĽɽӣȫΪУֻξ֮
Щξ֮ȻȻ뵽ʵξ뵽εУҲ뵽УΪرԴȻȻñõɳ
ⲻһξǳǧ޾ξ֮
һۣʮǰǧξεл𣬲ξ֮ǾԵüΪĿɹӴһʾ˵֡
׽ڣнʮգÿкܶ˲ξֻҪǧʮ֮һ˽磬ȻȻĽ뵽εУξ֮ȻȻĶԺдǣ׻ʳİգΪм
ڿռһǺ顣
ԽԽִ࣬ٶȻ죬ٶȸӾˡ
ò˵ӵε磬ѾΪһڷɵĳ
ܶʱжԶ֮ǰλõľٶеҡ
εеĸξգЦŶԲ˵ˣѼȻȥﻹеҪȴˣȻȥ
һ˿ɫƺµʲô׵ͷǳ檾ȻȥΣΣΪء
֪
ЦŴӦ
漴ȻȻʧ
ϡ
˯УһĨǣεǷ磬ȻһΣնȻ׵ıܿҪǰȥȴ磬Ǹһжδ֪ޱȣپƿξһҪŻ
粻ͬ˭֪̺ʲô
ٵǣҲûпǿߣעΪ

λõΪҴǰͨ
εͣһ£漴³һ
ʱͿֻλðĺų߲ϼУεУʧ
ˢ
޷оʱá
·˲ϢѾһƬİ
طε缸ȫͬ
ɨܣؼ䣬һֻҰܿήļǻҺɫȴĻߡɴ
ǵģ
磬λãȻһƬ֣пݰܵľšһɢܡ
ƺĺۼ
ڰԴܵͬʱͻȻ䣬Ŀһ˲䳯߿ȥһٲȻһ֦ٵĶȻ䵯ٳкſҧ˹
׶ߣ
Ŀãһ۾Ϳһ׶ߣҲϾʿĶߣֶμΪһ֣ʣһϾʿֻ»ᱻһҧ
СߣҪ֣ɣѰ·ѡ
ѹ
вûֱӽ߻ɱһ䣬һڰɫ֣ٳ߲ƹȥ
ԸһСߣǲֵѡ
򵥵Ĳټ򵥡
Ȼһֹˡ
СƺܵевͻȻ䣬УһɹСڡ
𣡣
ʱµĻˡ
׳Ķߣ˲Ϣǡ
Ǳٶȣ˾̾˲ϢͻΪһϰɴСľңڿɫĶһ֪Բͨľ綾մȾϣȻǻд鷳ңϢ˲䱩ٱȻ顣ſھ
ٲȻҪһڸˡ
ӶֱӽĽס
Ȼߵı仯ʮֹ죬սû˶ֻңһںڰ׼ƾճ֣ڰлΪڰһ
һǶ߱˶Ҳ޷ֵͱΡһУ˲

ˢ
Ŷ߱ɱߵʼɢ漴ȻһӨ߹ڵϣ߹ǣһѩ׵İ׹ǳޡͨʡ
ɢΪ֮أԭȵľȴ뵽׹֮СеĹô
߹ǣ̽Ҳ¶һ˿ȡ
߹ǣ̺żΪܿȻĹƣ֯һ𣬺׾ͿƳһϵȵİ׹ǳ޷ϣӦòѷɫһּΪıġ
⣬еĹ
ı仯ӹ죬УǶ߿˲ӶĽףֹ̣˲ɣȫûκףĹô͸һֹ졣
аһ˿ء
ʣдڵΣգԷͬСɣҪǣȫ޷Ԥ⣬һֻСп˲ɲеĿֲڣеĹ޳
Уκ鶼пܷκα仯ܳ֡
ʣɱõĺô޴
֮ǰĽף߹ǵƷͬĽ޵ıġ
ֵ
е˼
ԸֱֳʱһʼĻɱ󣬻ܻȡĵرԸ飬ǹ伮Ϊطȫһֶ͡ȫʧˡΪЩѾɹΪһ֣طϡ
УһξûΪʵ䱾Դ֮棬Ӧ̺黯ʵľֻ
飡飡飡
ʱжߴһ޴ĺ
ֻɫУں·пµľڴǰС
飡
գۼ䣬ǰһɾ޴һֻ޴ĳŴǰԶ¡𶯡ֻܿȣפǰһ֮أֻȵж೤һëȳǹҪƮܽʿֱӳࡣ

ʵ̫ˡ
ͷ­
ǧɸߡ
ˣ
л³һ
ϺȻֳֻȵݣȻɽйص
ֻǣʵ̫ˣȫ߸һеľ޴ǧɸߴľˣȫ޷жǿУһͬ˵˿⣬ǼֱԺɣһ˸У̤һѪ
飡
ڣȻûע⵽ϵУܿʧֻ֡ҵĺڲ
еԣԶȥҲһ
ιӣ£Ǿ˿ɲǣôѵ֪ҹΣգʱпµĴڳ֣ʱǴڰȫĳ֮С
ʱжһ
ɨܣΧûпˡ漴Ŀ⳯Ž¿ȥ


1121 ͯ
Сˣ
еͷһֻڽºȻվСˣСжߣԲף͸һȺСһ㣬ϸۿǳڽ£ȻҲ֮ǰȫ˵ϣ⼸СҲûжκε£ǿ
ǣǵʵȣȫһϡ
ʣôںϳڽ¡
ӣ׼ǰȥϣҪҪһ̫ΣˣһЩʱ䣬ǻӰзɹɵͱɷգҪ߸ڵ£¶Ҫ⴮ˡ
һǵ˵
ǰܳ˵ʳ˻ˣҪӶѡʵ̫ˡ
߸СһһĿա
ƺ棬һСģп֮أ˭֪ʲôΣա
Ǻãһȥ
׵ͷЦ˵
ЩС˵УƺûвеԭסãеһжİһͨУһԻȡһЩеѶϢҲҵľۼأ̽е淨
̫죬һ߶ܱɾĿ¾ˡ
߸С¶ϲ֮ɫ
ЦǺǵǰ·һ߷質
ǿֵСˣమСˡ
Ǽ粢ż磬ǣ֡һ̫ߡ

һ󻶿ĸڶ
ܿĳЩСܴһǵģĽ
һ㣬пҲɻһЦ
Уһֵ˻Ĳ࣬ǣ
֪УѾһǰ
ʮ־޴󣬵ڿȴоһ˿졣
ΪĽЩֱԯޡȫ磬ңͨһ߲ʵСĻɫȻȻֵ谭ߣܹ׵Ŀ߲е龰
˵һ򣬵˵һؾռ䡣
棬éݣʯͷѻɵĳǱвľ޴
߸Сˣ׵ľʹ߲뵽ƬصĿռ֮С
ƬռУȻܿգĻľһжƺָͺ֮һ
оȻӵĵطǲ˼顣߸С˵ĳлкܶࡣҲ˵УŰȫ򡣡
аһͷİȫ򵽵γɵģһ㣬޴ӵ֪Ȼεͬɵײһģһġȣεһճͯ
ȫһϡ
ӭͯһ
߸СЦǺǵ˵
ȻԿƬռУһңǿϸֳͯ׭壬һۿе˼
䣡
̤ͯܿһƬ̵Ĳԭԭϣһű𣬹űһͷĲԭͼڣɲĿãв
һ̣űдŴ򿪡
ԿһͷϷ·߷˲Ļ˳ǿܹŹֻ֣·ɫĴβһҡһڵģϲС
췢һ𣺡ţһ̫һҪץ򣬸ϲһҪץסƤ⣬ͷȥҪɻҪˢ⣬ҪԿ⴮ţһܳԵ⡣һΪԶûгԹǡ
ƥһȻĳűƬԭȥ
ǻ̫ǣͯб岻ܵĳ衣ץǣź̫ȴеһǣ֪ܵĽʡγȥ϶Ҫȥ鷳Ҫץ򣬿ɻ̫һζûгɹԭɲôץġ
߸СһЦǺǵ˵¶ǿҵȤ
ͯճĽĿ
̫Ҫץ뵽Ҫ裬ֻּټǧΣûгɹǽץǱУᱻΪԭ򣬳Բ⣬±ߡ
֮սֱͯʱ̣ܶ˶ΧΪÿȤĹ̡
̫ǣ̫ǣϲԭ塣
һ鴤Ҫǻ֪ʲôҲǰϹ˫۾ǰһƬϲ̫ǡ
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ʲô
߸СˣǲǻаѩͯĪͯɵһ硣
Ѿ˲²⡣
²²⡣гҲһ˿̽
ȥȥ֪λ̫׼ôȥץ򡣡
߸СԾԾԵ˵ɫʮ˷ܡ
ٸŹȥ
̫ץˣҲҪ
ʱԱһɽУһУȻֻ߳ܡ⹷Ҫ˵治һĴ׸ߡ׳˶һСһĿ£Ծǿҵ𺳡
ֻܿٿٶȾȻ죬һһɭ֣ȤҪץΧۡ
ܴܶסڹ֣ϲͷǿŸɣŹͷǿĴҴܡһǲ˵ġ
һСЦ˵
ֻûʲôµ
Ȼһ
һĨƶ
漴͸ԭ
Ƭԭϵݡò˵Ƿޱȡÿһ꣬Ҷۡһ֪ˮʮ㣬Ӫḻ
÷ֵݡ
дӲԭϰһݡ
ȻֳһѶϢ
Ԫݣϵݣʳž޴ĺô̺ʳǿԪǿʵɳ̣ٳɳʱ䡣ǿԴ
ʲôӲݣһƬԭ
һͷԲݣܳΪһΪǿĴڡֱһƬϱء
ţǿߡӵе޷ֵ̫ˣҪǷڴ׻ʳУаգһƬսʱȻô׵ʵõǿ
ö
вźۼĽԪսУڽϣ̵ʱڻȡһԪӣʱȻڴ׾һƬս
漴ԭϡ
ڲԭϣȻܿһկ
Ǵկõɫľͷ죬ΧһȦ滹ңдš塯֡
Щϴڽơ
йâһȻתܿЩֽͨƷģһεĽ塣կػڡ
Ľɲ̫ÿζа취壬֪Ҫʲô취ȥ
ܶһˮôһԱ߳Ա߿Ȥ
ǰ̫ǿ϶ץġץ˼ǧˣûɹ
ܴҲЦ˵


1122 Ƥ
һ̫һҪһѩǰܣץĲݡһβУһٴΣһٴβУǾһǧΣһǧβУǾһΡһ죬һץġ
̫ôܱߵۡ
̧죬⣬Ҳмᶨǧӣ
ץĲݣ
̫ĵװ¶ĺûκԥͻȻóһϸȥǺȻһƤѩ׵Ƥ
óƤ󡣻̫ǾôƤһ漴ǵĻֱ̫ӻΪһֻ򣬴Ͽȫһֻ򣬶ңκϢȫͬû˿
һֻƤǡ
Ȼ󣬻̫ǾƤҡڵĳȥſڣôƿţ˽ȥڻϵĽƣһ㶼ûдƣֻ壬壬˵ǳͨ衣
ȥˣ̫Ľȥˡ
̫ǾȻŪôһƤ£ϣȻûŪƤǲҲŪƤƤ
˼ˣ֪λ̫ܲܳɹֱӻ壬ⲻȺôϲǿҪд鷳ˡкϷˡ
ܱߵĿһ㶼̫ȫһϲּ²ı顣
˼̫ǹе˼
ĿãҲ¶һ˿Ȥ
Ƥ͸˵еĻƤΪƣν֮ͬò˵̫࿴ƤֱƭĽơѾԼ档
˵ֱӱ
оһ󼦷ɹ̫Ǹ˽ȥȻŪʲô顣
ûжãͿٰ̫һֻΪֵС߳壬ڰ·ϣͱư˱ǱڷʧٺʹٳһֻС£뵽ǰУ֪ôģֻֽץС˳ٷ塣
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ܴܶļ򣬴˵
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߸СҲЦǺǵת뿪зӣҪҪȥǼͣҡ
ˣлǵĺ⣬ʱһǰȥݷõġ
Ц˵
ȥС˵ļͣ
˿ЩС˵ߣڿ˿ԼǲȥǵķӻᱻԼѹʵǲǰңգǻ̫Ƿɳȥķ򣬺Լǰ治Զ
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ף˭ǰûм
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һԶߣˡôԡǰûмûйϵʶͿԡЦ˵̫ǣ롭𣿡
룬ζ롣ųԵ⡣ҿţԴӼ޸֮󣬾ҲûгԹһ⣬һ̫ǡܰ
̫ǼǰһⶼÿÿǶһԣѣҲƶҪ壬Ҫȥץ򡣰۲ӡٶĴ۶¡
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Ц˵漴йâһȻԿһֻʷۣոͳУȫֻܿǷ֭
⡣
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򰡣һֻ򰡣ңѾɱ˵򡣰ƤͿԳԡôûгԵ򣬻̫ѾҪеͷ
ͷһ֣͸оһεΣġָоʮǿңҪ֣ãԼûʲôùӳԡ
⡣
ǿаסĵ׵ĳ嶯˼ĭôſϸҡ
˵ԿһԶεˡȻԽΪʲôʲôȻҲ⡣ֻҪӦƷȡȻʱԽס⣬ʲôʱܳԵ
Ц˵
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򡣡
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ģ
̫۾ģʹӦһˣʮֻ򡣡
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һִһҪųԵ⣬һЩЩȫ⡣
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룬ˮҪˡ
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һµĺ̫ǵſڣҪƽ׹Ҫȥ̫Ǽϵķ۾һ¾ֱˡ
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̫ǶĹں̫ǰ˹ȥ˵ˣǿԳԵˡˡ
Ϲ̫ˡҵⰡҪ򡣡
̫еƽ׹Ͳ֪ӵȥˣڷϣϲ⣬˲֪ˡܳˡǶôҸ顣
ţԺ춼⡣
̫Ǵ˵
Ϲá
̫˷ܵ˵
ţȥˮ򡣡
̫ú̫ȥˡ
ԼҲǱ¡ٽȥһ䣬óٱ¡ܿĳЩƤֻܱ


1123 ȫ
ֻаٱƤһ̫ǵı¿ɲֹЩֻҪһʱ䣬ܽİٱȫƳ
̫ڿеĿʮֵĿһ˿ֺá
Ҫ⣬ֻܸ⣬ԭϵ̫ץˣץҲԲܸȣһСС¾ͿԻȡ⣬ʵ̫ˡ
ֻвף
ϾͿԳԵˣԺܳԵ⣬ҪĳԲ⣬ԺôѽЩѾŵζǱ
Ȼ̫Ѿʼˡ
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֪̫ʲôصıʲôﻻȡӦƷҪı˵ƵĻƽȫɶ⿡
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Ц˵
ΪʳģʳпǲֻҪԸ⣬Ҫٶԡ
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иǺԥóһݺ⣬ֱӴʳУһâʳߣȫǳζУ̲סˮĿ⣬ȫһֺ޲õʳȥĳ嶯
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㿴һ̫ǵıһһġ
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ܸܵƺ̺Ųһ
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ͺԼʲôƷҪõ˵Ŀ佱һ
Сҩ衣ԽͰ֮ǰǵļ۸ɣж٣ն١
Ҳ߲ܣȻڿʲôôԿû
ɵҩۡҲҪɵϡһɵͱ׳ˡ̫ٴóһΰֻҪȥҪޡ
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кԥ˵
ٿΰķҩˮȥһʱڣͿȫΡҪ̽鵽ټԲܡҵĵⷢ
ٿٳɳҩˮʲôȥͿԿǿɳٶȣӿѪĳٶȡԽʡ´ʱ䣬ǿıҩ

̫Ϊ˳ԵԴԴϵ⣬ƴԼĸֱ﷢ò˵һȷʵһֲţȫţʲôܷ
磬ҩˮǧۡ
Ļһഺҩˮҩˮȥʮ꣬Ҳ˵ԪӶʮ꣬Ƕô˼顣
֮궼ѷɫȻֻһƿãԪȴӹɵġЩԪݽߵʿ˵ֱ޼֮óκαȡȥĻᡣ
Щ棬Ƕ޼֮
ڻ̫ΨһҪģ򣬸ʳЩϡһ㶼⡣ЩץĹߡˣҪЩʲôȫӵһˡ
̫ɽ׺
Ҳ뿪Ǳ
ʼͯι
һУƺԵüΪ档
ͯϻ˸е⣬ܶͨе֡
磬һƬɭ棬һǱǱ洫˵һλ
УﻹһֻǣרŰţС֡
ͯסһȺֵֻͯˡЩȴܾиֽȻͬá֪ܴܲд
һĴţһĵװһͷ
˵ʵڣڻ̫ĶģһȫһȫţһţֻҪ룬ʲôȫܵļһţУ˵ܸ״˼ı仯
ţҪͯŪѶϢ
֪УǰľɫȻá
磬вԭɭ֣һ룬ֵĵطͱһƬɵС
ǡͯгˡôģΪʲô
һ̣ٴθоĹ졣
ǰһ˲仹ͯУһ˲ͳͯ⣬ңɨܣûпͯټ֮ǰûҪ뿪˼
Ϣ˵طҪ˵ȥһּΪֲ顣
ȡĶڣֱӴͯ뿪ˡͯ򵽵ʲô֮еĹ졣
аԳ


1124 ʬ
аԲ²⣬ӦĹйء
ҪȻΪʲôͯеûдŲųȥƫƫתƳȥһ㣬е̫еմȾƬϢܵųԡ
Ȼǲģδ֪
ͯӦþбȽϰȫڣֱɫֵ磬Ŀаɨܡ
ܿУһööݲϸ֡𲻶ҫصĹâ
ۣ
ڶߣͻȻһ
˳ȥȻԿڲԶһöͻȻȻһƬξˡ
ףԣ
ξ鲢ûʲô˵ġţҪͫһξУȻһ⣬ֱӳС
𣡣
һ˻
ϸȥУȻһֻֻĿġʬ
ʬʲô
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ӳеģһֻĿĽʬŵһִ·磬ڱϣȻһģϣԿѸͼϣųâ·һ⻷ֻʬϣýʬߵٶȾȻʮ־ˣؼǣ⽩ʬȫӲýڵߣǱС
ֲսʬеĽʬľȻܾй⻷ѸģٶȴôʿԱѸ
¶һ˿
ⲻǴͳĽʬͬڽʬһʬŪˣҧ˵ĻԻʬʬһɽʬֻͨʬȣЩʬƺиֶصĳ̶ֳ˵пܻѶԸ
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Ľʬ죬ɱצ˸źڹ⣬Ͳ˹ȥ
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ΪʬΪ֮еͨɱһС
Ľʬھٶ͵ͨģӳȻٶȼ졣ҪһϾʿĽʬ»⧲£ɱǻ棬ʮֿ¡
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һУֻʬǱӦüӲޱȵֱۣצһ̣ȭͷײһʱ˲飬Ȼָͬʱըѣֱۣһ𱬿ķѡ
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ףʲô
ĿڱɱĽʬϣԿֻʬɢΪһƻɫУʧԭأǳһ̺ѪҺѪҺƺܿһصĵ˸ϽãɢâһƺϳѪҺлۡ
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һ䣬ȻԿתһڻеͼƾճͷͼУַܿڱáͬܿѹһС
Ȼеĺͼͼ
˿̣ͼУֳһڻأ棬ȻԿһߴĵ̾ڡЩԵù죬ϣֳһƬⲻͨƬۣԼиֳۣһƬƬϸܵĸȫɢϵϢЩƬҲͬ
ЩǽɫƬЩɫƬЩǻɫƬɫͬɢϢȻҲͬ
Уһ۵ǹǹУÿһͬµսɱڳ˯ľޣһѣͻɱѪȷ硣
ǰһʱܽͱƵսǹ
зһеΰ
ÿһϵϢڲϵıã˴˼䣬ѪԸ⣬໥תϸܵеʡ֮ڽÿһɢϢԵüΪĿ£·ɲ⡣


1125 
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޷岻ֶΡ

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ڵִתÿһϰĿֲ
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ʬצƲķ
ЩɲȫһڵѪͬӵеҲͬɫս׵ģеǻѪƿף󺣡ǹǳɫһǹȥҵ״ǹðֱͱȼճɻҽҰԵ
ɫսףɢ֮еǱѪһǹȥأ
һͬʱ֣ɱʬȺУֱͬȺһʬɱϱɱ
ͬʱԿЩʬЩֱɢЩԭظֳƷнʬѪнʬצĽʬ
ʬָԽʬʮָָ۶ɵָΪ̺ʬָˣʬƷʹָɱС
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һ̺Ƶġ
ǷķƷײߣɸı䲻䷨ݡ
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֮֮ʵԸִ棬ʵУ֮컯
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ˣĺô̫ˣֱһȡ֮֮ߵϱأԣȫԻȡͬһջ
бҪ취һͨȶͨıأҪǲУһô˵ȥпܳΪҴһ
аԺһͷ
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1126 ʱ
ϾҪѪɱ¾ͷâ
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ʬѪԻȡʬѪ󣬿Կٳͨٳͨпܵõͨϣпܿٳϣͨ
Ϊʬ಻ͬõľѪҲͬ
ĻǿʬЩʬľѪڿϣΪЩʿԣܿٳκϣЩʬֵͨġпǿҲпС
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ϸۿ󣬷֣ŹȷʵǿģֱӶ׫ļٹʵеġα죬̺ĵʮ־տһŲսʬ崴幦ȱݲСǾὥýӲ
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1127 һ
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ʱ䣺ɺ֮ڱе֮ڱ俪һɲǣ۳Ӧıɵ֮Խ࣬۳ıƷ׾ԽߣңԶԱԸԾֻҪƷ챦伮ϡ³ɣ档
ʲôҪʲôܵõʲôֻҪڱ֮Χ֮ڣʵ֡
ҪһҲܸʵ֣棬ҪϹžܴʲôԣʲôпܡ棬
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1128 ֮
Ժ֮㣬ڱ޷ϡ䱦ݵõѶϢʱڵ֮ԸԸûн֮ȫһյĻͻָֻıΨһǡȱʲô
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1129 ɱ
жǿжǿ󣬸Ȼ͸ӵ嫣ⷶΧ֮ڣǼµһۡ
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Уֱ֮ΪǱңҲҽģһʱͱ˽ܣеĻңǽǱҲûʲôС
׻ʳѾϰˣ˵ȫ뵽֮СĽһȴͻȻرˣ޷ٽУ֪Ϊʲôоһּʧ벻ϰߡ

һرգʱ䡣
糿ʼһֱ緽Żָ
ڻָʱܶһֱڹעͷˡ
ָˣָˣֿµȥ
ûг⣬̫ˣΪʲô⣬Ժûа취ٽԺӻҪôȥ
ͺñִˣҪͻȻû˵磬û˵ӵĻǾͬһ㣬˶оһֲӦ
·һӵʮꡣ
ڷû󣬶ʱһһûоصĲϰߡ
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ףʲôҵտռôš
ʲôšһ˸ǳ֮⣬һȴɢɫâ
ǡͨǿ֮šһ֮ţʲô
֮ͨŽ磬Ϊξ֮۷磬еĹܻɱԻȡĵرֻ챦ǹսôܡ絽ʲô硣
ںܶȲ󣬶ʱһ󾪺ڴ׻ʳ
ɫ¶š
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褿תͷ
ʣ鲻٣һδװĴûᡣ
Ե϶ڣܲܵõǾͲ뵱Ȼ顣Σ档
褲û˶óȻж
֮вƼ룬ǾͿ϶̺Σա


1130 ֮
ר֮һ㣬˵ĪΣաУҲشⲻȴҲҪ޴ĴۣǲϷҲ١ıĺã˵ܻȡĻԵ
褿תͷ
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ƣҪ˶ãͻϢ
ʵϣҲȷʵˡ
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ʣһս˿ȷս׹սѷɫĳ̶ֳϣײС
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зĵرйս
ǹҪǵõǾǿ̤ǿ֮·ĺ¼ʵĻ
ԣĿԻȡҽˣҵõһսȰ׹սҪǿ
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̫ˣһоȻһξ磬جΣָо죬ҾȻجеĹɱˡ
ù磬ʵ̫ˡ֮ǰڸһֻħɱû뵽ֻħǾȻһӻΪ޴ˣʵһצӾ˺Ƭˡ̫ˣֱĪ
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ȴȴû°
ȻȲɴﵽͼ۷ľ硣Ǳ̣ͬСɡο֮ţиܵһһλᡣ


1131 褵ļ
磡
磬һ䣬Ҫ̤֮š֮Ųûд۵ģÿνȥҪһǧöǱΪͨзãϾ߶֮ŲûдۣͬҪȻĸе
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ݴİմݳѶϢһȥǿ϶ǳУΧӦǻɫĲŶԣôôһֹı仯
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ĻҲξһ֣Ϣξ飬лֱӽ磬ΪеܴܲдϾҲʵ顣
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УȴӵĿ˲ţһܹõ˵ǿз²ֻҪܴȥǾջҪܴйմһĶ˲ţǺʣԼΪ׻ʳ޷ĥĴ͡
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֮սУžԵƣںսµķչޱ˽⣬վ֪ĽǶǰȥۿҪսȻ׾١
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֮дȱ˲ţܲе˲Ÿڶ࣬ǲܲ٣У̺˲

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йâһȻԿŴеõɢ⣬ϡ


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1132 ̻
֮Уɢǰƾ֤ͬͨͨ
嫾ڴ׻ʳƬ򡣵֮󣬼޷嫺λãȻҲѰʿܿ̽ģ̽鶼ҪǰҲ֪ŶٵΣգ˵ͻǰĵ·УĻɣ涼˶
ֱӿԿԽصľ룬ǰɣһֶεĴ١
Ѽ¶嫺缴Уһǰ˭Ըһȥ͡ЦŶԲŮѯʵ
һǰҲԴһǰǰֻˣϾ̺ϵ֧̫ͨ
ȥѾ˺ӣͲȥκЩ顣
ºԥľܾȻǰżջ󣬲СܿѾ΢΢¡𣬸ҽļ飬ѾµСкѾȫеעȫڶĺϣÿ찴ʱҩŽеΪ˸ṩ㹻ĳɳݡ
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Ҫȥԣûҵ㲻裬Ҫ裬ΣҶ㽫Ĭ֮ȥһΣԺ󶼳ˡԶư͹
΢󣬶Ȼ˵

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1133 鱴Ժ 
ߺŲС˽⣬Ϊж֮һɲǱ濴ô򵥣֣ܶžǿսתʮֿ¡˲жһ֣ȴ൱ϡ٣ʮѡ
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Ṳ̊Ͼ޾󣬾޾ȻȻĿʼڶ뿪鱴ԺڴС
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˵ľȫͬ½ϡ
ЩľˮǷܲϡ
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жо񲻶ϲ̻ҡͷԵģƺ׳С
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ǺҪ䷱ܣֻڽ䷱ܵʱŮһŻᷢǰȵ󣬾ͻᱻŮԻ󣬲֪ϵڽŮѽԳԵŮһĴͳǱȥǽ䣬Եһ㣬оκ
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Ůһ峤þʮƯֻûӣ˭кһŮӣԣҪ䣬ַֻ
ǵϰ߸ڹѸ࣬󣬻ҪԳԵһ㣬Խܡ
ȫǴһھ˭ϴӦ
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ҡҡͷ
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1134 嫺
һʵ˵ˮ֮УҲ֮һһó質֮ӵЩͬгȻģܸ컻صģϺĸֽϣǿ󡣾Բһһڶ⡣
ܶʱҪ뺣һΪУûУԼѾˡȫŪڹ֮䡣
Ȼ޷ʼձѹƣټϣ࣬ҲǺǿʼ޷ģŷܡ
֪ǰμģЩʲôˡ
нעӺ˻
жҲǺ˵嫺֮ϣֻҪﵽһεǿߣŹ˳֮ǿߣжʿиĲǿߡһʮţȻ֪жǰ಻ᳬΧ
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һĨɫʮȫ磬ÿһЯһͬ飬ôжʮ͡һᣬʮͣǶô˼֡ʢᣬʢ硣
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ʮͣĽԲܷܶԴϯеĸɽ亣ζǾһô󲿷⵰ľ޴Դ
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Ů֪ѶϢ࣬Ҳ˵ٵ鱨Щǰ½޷֪ģ磬ĸѶϢ嫺ϵһЩҲм򵥵˽⡣
嫺֮ϣڵ½ؾͲ֪ж٣Ȼܶ෶Χֻһѣ㲻½أǺСҲɼǧ׵ȥ
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֪Уһ߹ͺ׵澰һ̸߽˿ʱţգۼ䣬Ѿǰ
ͣǰѾˡ
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̧ۿȥǰһƬ޷ֱ浽жľ޴Ҳ֮Ϊˮⲻ˵ˮһɴһֻǣĹõĲʮأͨϣԶˮ졣ˮ˵Ժ׵ɺ解ɫʯⷽƶ
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Уֲϳ֮ΪˮֻҪǾһϽ졣ЩˮĽУ̺ƣˮĵ£ӵѤλ
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㱾Ǻеһǿˮ壬˵ݱ壬ˮŶصƿܾиָͺһżơ
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̧ۿ޵нһĨɫһ۾ϳ޵нݣȻһλˡ


1135 
벻ϤѣһǼΣһҪռƴ壬ڶλڻƽɳĮҲǵжһʵңʮֶӣһ̻ѷɫ鷳뵽޵нڵʩչĶֶΣüͷ̲סһ
һ÷డ
ҹֶΣǿǳ뻯˷ָ
뵽Ļ棬ҲɵһҪʢҹ󽫾óҹ㣬Ҫ裬֪˻Ⱥ
޵нףⲻǰ˵Ǹҹ󽫾̫ˣǰ˵ʱҪھȻǾһҪúý
̻ĹβͶ۾ʱɵԲ
ǰ˵޵нĴȻǴпе֪Ǵ˫ѩǿ֪ģӻƽɳĮиĴʿһսҲǲۡ޵нУ˼£˶Ҫɫļһ
ȻǿҵȤ
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ʱһ̻ʵɴ۾Ӱǰ
ֻһɫ۵ó߽ˮСǵӰ̻ʾǻɻҲϵó˾ժǻ˭ȻҲ֪ŪһôʩʩȻ˽ȥߣһӣӣôм
˾ժǣȥ
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ˣ̻ʸҰһ㣬ҪŪʲô۶ӣɱԺư͹һӶٿ˵У˾ժͨ󹩷ҲǴ׻ʳǿߣǰ鲻ᣬ˵֮ǰ㲻Ѿ𣬻Ųţȥֻ˵̻̫СǼȥȷشףһ˸ȥ֪һֹСĻᡣ
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ȥɲǼ⣬ӦǵĹʦңĹǧ˿ƵĹϵ
аһͷ
ȥ͵ŲС˽⣬̽飬ȥЩ꣬һȥʮΣûְҵҪȴ˿ȱÿһȱǮʱͻһΣ֪ǰʲôطڻϾͱǮˣԣˡ
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ʱΧĻȻһһƬȻһĿʶĿ˹ЩϺзҲ⣬׷ϣĿ¶֮ɫ
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ڿʱһ¶֮ɫ֪ΪʲôܶϺзоĿʱԼоεϣԾĽĿŲƿֱӡҪʱעӵĻԼ۾һĪĴʹС
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ͺoһҪóȻֱo۾ᱻoɢĹâϹΪﵽһ߶Ⱥɱ䣬ǲʩչѹ
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̾ͣӨ͸һööȭͷСҹ飬ҹĵ׺£ˮʮɫѤޱȣͣ˿߲Ӱ죬ԡУ泩á
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½ϵĸǿ߶ԣһֲһ顣
棬һž޴Σǰ棬һž޴İȻ嫺λá
ߣſһŵİϷŸɽ亣ζϡֺ˿̲סһ˿ǿҵҪֱӿƷ
ܿĳˮ̫ˣǴŽֵĿռøӾ޴󡣿ʮͬʱǰһ𿪻
ЩѾ˲ˡʲô嶼У壬Ҳˣ塣ˮ壬ʲôƺ￴
Ȼвûеִ
нʱڵıͷ׷׿˹νĿܶĿж¶֮ɫͬʱҲ඼Цݣͷʾ⡣
Ȼ֮


1136 嫺
в⡣
˿ģһЩĿѣ㲻ʲô۾ڱϣѵܽ۾ֱڵɣûôˡ
׻ʴˣ
һŮǰ˵ֹ壬ǰп˵
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󲿷ֶǶǿߡ
ʵﵽླĹҲ˵ܿлԪ񾳵ǿߡսǿƲжûпҲʶУǿ߱ڹгֵǿ߲ܶǴû˵ٶŵʿǿߡ
磬ڵ⡣
磬֪֮ҹ
Щ֮С
и壬ƽʨС
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ҵߣѶɡ˭֪ʲôʱ
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ο룬˭п֣ܳΨ岻ܳ֡ҪʲôӣǶľ档
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ⲻͨƣжѾơѲΪҪϣеҩɣڸмѣңؼǣƣдǿЧǣڹĴӾˣҩºͣȥһУķӳҩЧѾƣȫһϡ
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ڲϱǵиǰͲΡǾԲֹġٳɡ
֪УһθѾ
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嫺Ц˵
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Уͷ׷̾
ʵⲢǴ꣬ˣò˵ŵľ޿ޡ
ǺǣǰҲΪĸԲκѷɫֻǣڼһλѺ󣬲ףʲôľ֮衣ձ֮ңΪλһǴҶ۸ˡ
֪ʱֻһŮӳˮգ䣬ȹڷƮУȻһڽϴһɴڵסգ޷ò
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ȻŮӾ嫺˵ŮӡԵƣĿеĵλ֪
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ŮһתսѾӦʣôڰ趯
Ϊɱ֮κʱĸĿģΪɱС


1137 
бʼĿġ
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аԺһͷ
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嫺ĿãЦ
ǰû׼ν͵͸ٵ񡣡ﻺ˵дһ˿͡ȻȻλãпȱϯλŵȥ
ܸܵһִݣ˿ûΪʵΪеѹ֡
ȻѾ
裬Ǿ˫ܹۿĽ裬ӴԺֻûκνܹĿ
｣裬˫ǽκһҶоȥͻᱻɱƬ赸ȻĽһǾ޽С
ǿô֮УȻǿ߱ʵ˾ޡ
ڴ˿̣ˮеͲŻع񣬿̲סһƺûȫӸոյĽѹɳС
Ǹо̫ˣĺܿţնǳ
λѣ뿪
嫺ٴЦ˵
ͬʱٴ
ȻβǹеŮ
һ߳ʳȣһ߹ۿ裬ˮϲǷֵĺܡڳԺȵͬʱҲ໥̸
ǶžƱңңơ
ף̻һﵽȥˡ
ɨһ½£ȴ֣̻ʲ֪ʲôʱ򲻼ˡ
Ŀһ£Ȼһֹֻ̻ʲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾˾ժǣȥںɫе޵нһ
·ǳζͶڤڤеĸӦǾۼһ
ʵ˾ժڿ̻ʱɫͺˣҪͷߣ̻ʵĶԸ񣬻пµùʣֱһֽɡ
֪öŷɥе
̻ȴûж֣ǽ̸
һģǳζͶУѾ׽ޱȣ·ʶ˺ܶһ˿ҵ໥õĻǴֶܵΡ
λѣķˮϸȷʵ˲áλãң֮ϣһǾ벻Ϊ츣ضѡȴҷһˮķˮ֡
ȥ۾һת˵ˮȥ޻أһּΪµķˮƣһγɣǾһ־ءĵ֮ڣǾֻһֿܣƬˮأĹ˵һ꣬ͻǰĹĹй档
ȥ˵ţѾʼѾЩȲˡ
Ĺ
ϲռ챦ڱŷͬһִţܶ壬ԼǰĴ󲿷ֱһ
ЩȻĹУҪܽĹǼֱǽһ޷ı⡣ĹĹأҪܽȥȥؼĵĹܱȡ
ȱһ
޵нһȻ˵
ĹֵطҲȥҪܸһ޵ˡ
̸ǰȥĹţǲе㲻̫ʡһǱעʼĹ˵ǧһ۵ʼ֮ĹһֻеһƬֻҪܽƬ룬ܻȡʼĹͼʱȥʼĹţһջ񡣡
˾ժǿ˵


1138 ʼĹ
ʼĹǿŽһ˵ʼûܹҵʼĹڣ˵ʼĹбʼʽĽɽֱڵ޽޴ĻʳǺ͹ǡ䱦Զַճɽӣ칬ھ졣
ȥ۾һǰоʼ꣬ҵֹżһЩҰʷţЩֻƬжʼ
ഫȫһ޴ޱȵĵ¹
ڰеģǸյ칬ʼҪУۡкıٸ
뷽跨ǰȥĹλ̽飬ȴʼûа취ĹǷˮ̫£ȫ޷룬Ҳڡ
Уͬһź
ⱦͼ滹Ǽ١ңжƬһ룬ǷĿҵʼĹУʼʵ۵ǻŻˣʼմûϢѣû˵سʱڵĳ佫
˾ժأ˵
ЩҪע⡣
ҵ̽飬سйصĳ佫ûг¶ֺħսûг֣˳Ҳûдء֮δţԸߣ˽δֹ
ȥɫص˵
ΣЩôһεУسеĽܳǿߣֹһҲˣеģȫû¶κεĺۼͺ񣬴صһб˿Ĩȥײڡ̽鲻֪һ̽飬ŻоеĹ졣
ʲôطĴڣܲ¶˿ķһ㶼
ôĬĬš
ȴʼĹıͼƬԵùˡ

һš
ʼĹĿܣκ˶ž޴
ݱ֪ϣһʼĹƬҪ֣˵ƶϳⱦͼƬжٿ顣
޵н˵
ǵģᣬȻһЩ鱨ѶϢûƣһЩƷѶϢȻȻ䵽˵СݳѶϢоʼĹͼƬϢѶϢⱦͼƬȻһ챦ƬҲ˵ıͼȻһ챦
Ҳ˵ⱦͼ
ԵüΪţҲǸӱ
Ԥ⣬бͼƬ˵õϢҲǰЯͼƬ
˵ΪζͶ̻ʼڴһһ飬ԾϣһҪǱͼƬڵ֡
Ȼڼ
иǶǰɽ亣ζ߲ܡĴҲȷʵͬСɣ⿳ʳ˻ζһڣԵڶڡЩʳûκε˷ѣ˵ǣ߲ܣжǾͳԶ٣ԲԼǰʳ̫ࡣ
ͬʱڵʳϸʳϣȻȻת
ԪѪʳʳ֮ÿʱỵ̈ڱǿûƿûмޣȥǾһջ񡣺ܶ඼ǰûгԵġ

֪Уڴ
ඦ
ԴӵֱǰڹͻƳඦʱУƷʳټճ壬ÿ춼ڽɱ䡣
֪Ѿӵĳඦɹӵİٶ֮гԵǰûгԵʳʳϸʳ£ȻȻĴﵽඦĲΡ
ÿһСΣǶһ޷ɱ䡣
ѡ
ÿһǶεɱ䡣
תඦѾ൱ͼΣֻǣͼʿ⣬һȭȥǿͼᱻɱǾʿǷླҲԿ⡣
Խ׶սǵжѡ
ϵɱ䣬ͬС
пܣԸ
ѣ֮ǰĽ˫ϵ£Ѱ͵ѵˣûаһڣǲС
пԵĹ
ɴڸסò֮ǰˣǴ˵Ϳ֪䲻òͬǡʧɫ޹⡣
ңǣһǿߡ
׻ޣҲһ΢Ľ輼նѣܱȵ׻ʿ֮Ⱥӣ˳ķΪ忪ٳһ崫вݡ֮ȣһ㼼ʲô
ЦſУƱһơܸܵһֳϿֿ֪Ƿġ
УҲ¶һ˿档
Ҳڰૣ˵׻ʳû뵽׻Ҳ紫˵еȴһʣݵ֮κһҪŨŭǡ
˵ףеĲǣȴࡣԽԽţԽԽףطе˵ǧٹ֡
崫ԣ߰˳ߣΧҲǰ˳ߣͷۣѪ̴ڣſھҪ̳Ժ壬һŭҪѪǧ
Ȼ⴫ʧ棬˭˭ͿԴȥײǽˡ
ҲഫޱӢͬӣڻؼһá˫Ҳĸߴ󣬲ŭΰޱȡ
Ще˵
ڿȴȻвʵ֮
Ȼ׻ڹ￴ʵ٣һУûиоʧңܿĴûҵʣ԰Ⱥ۵¼
֮ߣνָ
ͬʱҲˣеΪ硭ߣʵ֮ǿɲ⣬һߣȻ˳Ϊͬʱ֪̣ͬСɡ
˶Ľύ̸ȻһƬ
ѣ֪֮ǰںη
һڿѯʵ
֮ǰ׻ʲͬһ½ءһ½ϣƬ½زֻһ͵ĺǧס档壬Ҳ壬е壬ūɹŵΪ棬Ѿһ˳Ϊӥͥһ׻ưգҲǼ̣Ϊūˮȣֹۡ
Ŀиֳһ˿˵
˵һ˳ǰչ޵ģңʵǺǿҲԹӥͥĲ䣬ȹİգֻɱһǧģЩľͻֱɱһİգʮ֮
ûа취޶ԣòȻֵĴ㡣
壬һȺ壬ǱԲġ
һ˿ŭ
ūҲɱЩ̵ıѾ˽⣬ȻһЩռϷ磬ʲôĺ
ɹŵռԭأƬµİն峯İڳūԡ


1139 ӥͥ
ͳλİΣʵ̫ˣЩӵһԣһǰǣǿʱǻݷ˱ᣬʱͻǰ㣬׺ݵݺҧϼڣһ񣬿νǡ
ֱѾ뵽ǵĹ
ڼȻɵӥͥȫ󣬻İǵͳ£ؽǴˮȵСΪѡס
Ǳ䱾ĿãУЩֱӽ׻ưշ󣬳֮Ϊ򣬿ΪʳΪ龰ҲųɱһֻĲ䡣
ɫ˵
ȻӡΪ̡
УǼ˼飬ȱȽǣĿǴĿġҪǲᶨˣ᳹ױ
ҪƣϧƵ˵ʼ޷ŤתǬ
Ҵ׳ڳٺúøЩ㡣
ƽ˵
׻ʳҪ߳Ƭ½أǲ嫺еһƬ½ضѣҲס׵Ųϵൺ½أǴһҪĿꡣ
ӥͥǱ븲
εǰƺĿġ
пѯʵ
֮ǰ嫺һ棬Ϊ˿嫺Գ֣ɳֻӥͥڵ׻ư뿪תƵȫ½֮ϡ
Ҳûֱӿ˵
±û̫ıҪ
Ҫӥͥѹȣ뿪õѡ񣬵Ȼ뿪ȥһ޴⣬嫺֮ϣҪ˵嫺˽⣬ؼû˭ܱ嫺
ǰǿṩһȫ½أҽЩ׻ưմǰƬ½أУҲΨֻǿʵܹ쵽
ӱܣǽķ
˵
ɣѡá
ɳ֮⣬û취΢΢Ц˵
ֻһ㣬һ嫺ҲѾӦˣֻҲһҪǾǣȳգ޽ռݣʱӦ𡣱ŷ
һ㣬ûа취£ҲֻܱʾӦ
޽嫺ǴռԸҪһ
˼˵
Ըһ㶼Ƕo֮·ʿΪҪ˵ǿϣǿȻԸκʿõģңþ޴ܹѸٰȫͻơ
ΣѾõѡ񡣡
ε˵Уʵ򣬻һѡǾг֣еĴ׻ʳЩգֻӥͥڵĵ׻ʳ½ؾжԶû˭ܹ֪ûо£ϵ⡣
ӲҪ˵
׻ưܵѹȣȻ嫺֮ϣ֮ľͲ̫ңԶǾδز໥ܷͨӥͥڵ귢ң賷룬һǲһ֧ǰӥͥڵ죬ӥͥѾûдڵıҪ
һϵ˵
һ̣ѾӥͥΪ߳ȥĵһĿꡣ׻ưգǾѾȡ֮Եɡ
꣬ҪͨʹԣܹԽĴҪΪѣһͨĴ󣬾ԲܿԽҪҲҪ޴Ĵۣ񲻿ܳĴҪӺϿ纣̫ա
ҡҡͷ˵
֮дڵΣգ֮½ϻҪ£дڵĺޣ֪ж٣飬ʤѾﵽ˵ĵزڴϣûκδֻڳΪһͻᱻ޸ݻ١
ڸ½Ľ֮жˣӲҪ˵Ǿ͸ӿֲǺܶһȥҪѳȥǲܵ顣
޷Ȼа취Ժɺ򣬵ִӥͥڵĵ졣Ҵ׵ˮ򣬻޷
к˵ɫ¶ǿҵš
ȻԴ׵ĵ̡
Ҫ֪ڴ׵ˮʵǿһʮ־˵ĲΡ˿̣ˮеսѾװλ
˳ṩսͼֽ
Ϊ޾ս
սѾƳ
Ƴ󣬾޴ĺ䶯޾սκܹ죬͸һֻ޴ľ࣬ңɢΪǿϢˮˮ´У˵ʮְԵһսͬǷսи
޾սҪĲϣƵĲ裬ҲӣǴ칤Χ֮ڣ򵥵ĶࡣȫڵĴ׿ԳܵķΧֲҲѰҡԶ޵޹Ϊǡ
ս˵Ƿ촬ǻĽһ
һƣǷֽһΪܵÿж̺һģɺѸϣκһִ󣬶޷ɡɾ޴Ӱ졣
Ϻ󣬼󷨽ƣ˲սںϣȻһ壬ܲɷ֡յںϡӳǿս
Ҳԭô׿Կӵһ֧ˮд
ľ޾սȻ޷ܴӡӡһȴɴӡƣԸƣȻȻͿ齨ȫµľ޾ս
ֻҪһϸģǾͿԽܴӡӡʮһٸ޾֪ڴ׻ʳ˵޾սѾҪپж١̶ʱڣѾˮйǿ
޾սĳ̶ֳϣһˮУȫαװһ޾ڴΣٶȼ죬дĺޣԾ޾սʵδؾͲܳɱȥҡִĿĵء
ǧñһʱ˳ˮǸȥꡣ
ˮȻҪˮУ۰һкɨˮʸ񡣺򣬱Ȼδս֮һΣҪˮˮ
ãӥͥڵλáֻҪܸӦ
Ҳûж˵ʲôû˵ʲôϡͬҪ׻ʳʵǷ紫˵еôǿ
һ̸߽һ߳Ժ¡
ʱڲ֪Ȼš
֪ȥãεὥĻ
дŮǰʰʢˡɨһɶ
ģҲûȥ
һĿ⿴嫺
λѣȻԭǱ磬֮࣬ѵܹôһһֻѵãΪ˲ôҿֶ飬׼һᡣУָ챦սܣͼֽͼȵȣ󲿷Ʒҵ
嫺Ц˵ȻκεѵίУֻҪͨͿԷУὫվУʱУλʲôҪıҪῪʼ֮ǰǰУᣬȡκεķãҪκѡãСһλᣬһΣԺҪһѡ


1140 
嫺һξᣬдͷ棬ȡѣøʿóЩòϵϡнȻԽԽãԲĵı̫࣬Խ࣬ӰԽ󣬶ĺôȻ
жʮͣȫܱǿߣ֮˵Ѿ嫺ڣȫһЩѣиЩǿһ顣
˵֮嫺ЦЦתȥ
ͬʱбҲһŮ£ǰסϢ֮ء
סĵطһĹ֮ڡ
Уռ޴ޱȣɺı;סȫһռ䱻룬ֶΣǺĿռãǿռǿռ䱻ָûи߳Ŀռǲɵġһ㣬Ӳͨ
Ǿǿչֳʵ
ھͺñС
һĴ£ֱӳһƬҲСĿռС
ƬռڣȻԿһׯ԰͸С͵ˮûж𣬶ң̧ۻܿ龰׵ɺ解ˮ塣ʵ顣Ҳһֱܡܸܵһ黳
˼嫺ȻǱѰչ¶ĶΪ֮𺳡ռÿԴﵽ˵ز
Ƕס֮һ̾漴Ҳʼ˼
ؽ嫺һΪʢʢᡣֻºҲҪһЩͷҪδزܽһЩᡣ
аԳ
ԼǣҪʲôȥ
δһӰƽ̨
ҪҪóڴ׻ʳеƷܴŴסҪܴףܲƷ
󣬻ǷǹЩǹ֮׸ó̫٣Ҳ޷Ӱ죬ǾֻƷƽſԳҴ׵ĵ̡
Ժпתͷ
գ佫Щᣬ罫ƽǶſȵƷᣬЩǿԳϵٴ졣
жſƣһǳؼƵı档ſ֮ʿᣬ˱¶ſڴ׻ʳΣֽΪֹû˭ܹв׻ʳȫʸӵжſ
סſ
˾ȻҲŷϢͬʱҲµĿĺ澰ֻ̻ƺ֪ܵȥˡ
һɱʲô۶ӡ
һ뵽̻ʣҲоԴһͷʹϯϣ͸˾ժǣȥ޵нһ
Ǽɶʲôʡ͵ĵơ
һֿտյһרڷĹĵĹ̻һԸӣΨ²ңټ޵нôһԸͬӵҹ󽫾Ǵһ벻ͷʹѡ
ˣֻҪеңǾǡ
ҡҡͷԺе˦˳ȥ

һҹ޻֪Ѿ˵ڶ졣
ϢһͶǾһĦȭƣ͵ĿʼϣҪίƷҲѾߡһжѾ׼׼ƽжſͬߡ
׻ʴ˸ε᳡һ
һŮѾǰ
ãǰ·
׵ͷʾӦ
죬һȥܿ;дһǰ̻˾ժǴҡڵǰȥ
ܿһԲεˮ
߽ȥܸܵ⹬ͬж죬Ǭ߽ȥһ۾ܿһרΪĹء
ԿܣһƬƬϯλλˮΣɢ֮ΣǰһСӣڷһЩϹ֮࣬Ʒ룬һ޴Բ̨ÿһϯλӵԲ⾵ͨĿ̨ϵľ󡣲Զһ
ȻһȦȦϵϯλÿһȦдϯòǰ滹Ǻ߶Ŀ̨ϵľͺһ޴©ʮֵ档
нȥţͻ漴κλϣǴλε롣᳡ϲû֮ͬġ
Ůһ䡣
л
ƽĵͷ漴̤˽ȥ
Ҳûгɣ̤С
һεȻȻϣһɿռ֮һ̣Ѿһϡ
˼˵Ӱ֮ôΪ˱֤أܹ֪ľ˭ı֤İȫ
ɨܣ֣ܶˮѾӰֻЩӰⶼɢһ㵭ΣԴƣò˵Ƕ˽ľ޴󱣻
ͬʱǰһС͵ĴֻҪǮƣͿֱӻȡıһʱõҪȵɺȥȡ
ʮַ򵥡
ò˵һ㣬úܶʿԵͷ
ʱţ֪УܿϣλѾʼλãɲֻжʮɰҲڻ¡
һǰμģɲֻ½ϵĸͬں֮еˮǿߣҲڲ֮С᳡еﵽһΪ˵֡
̫ƽ
Խ࣬ͻӼңϾĳƷҲԽ࣬ΪƴȻü۸ﵽһ˾̾֡

һ
ֻ̨ϣ֪ʱѾһߡ
⣬Ƥ红ֻͯǣϱŵĹܹ֪ݣȻ嫺ĹةࡣةУͬžصĵλҲҪſڴкʾ𾴡
ɲ⣡
п̨ϵĹة࣬Ҳɰһ
ةʵ·һ̶һɲ⡣ʵ֮ǿȫߡǿĸоһ𶥼ǿߡ
λѣᣬ֣ϻ˵˵˵ε򡣡
εȻǼ۸ߵáĻңؼһ˳׻ʳĻңۡŴҶӦѾ׼ˡ
еѣǶƷȤֻҪڱۣͿɾģɺ󣬿ԵһʱȡƷʽʼ
ةȻûдʲôƪֱۡڼ̵˵󣬾ʽʼ
ȣľǵһƷ
һŮ
һڲڡ
ܿƷĳ֣Ŀ׷׻۹
ة൭ȻһЦǰֽ⿪ڲ


1141 
ֻϣȻֳһžᣬϸֳƣܸܵǽƺǿûȷķƱ£Ҳ᳹ױ飬ΪС
ӾϿʲô
ᣬǵһǺѹıȻΪ󣬴εıһˣ׼ķΧ
ȻͨƷ
һ̣˶ڵŹةĽܡ
һƷһݵ
ةЦ˵ɫȴ¶һ˿ء
ʲôĵܱڵһƷλϡֻ²ͨ
ģ˭ͨˣû˭СᣬȻףһȻǵǾͿ϶һֶⵤҩĵƷ׹ЧȻΪǿ
һݵΪϵ
ة໺³һ
ʲôϵ
ôܣֵҩôܴڡϵⲻǴ˵еĵҩôĳϵֻһͷɡ
ഫ֮Уʼʿʼ׷Ѱϵͼȴûгɹ֪ⵤ滹Ǽ٣ʲôĹЧ
棬ʿзɡ
ϵĴ˵ʵ̫ˣൽǶŵĵز
ĳϵһĵǲκٵĿܣⳤϵȻ˵ͬ٣ͬԣԪ޾һЧǾǣʿԻڶھɵ
ةһһ䣬ƶ˵
УȻȻĴݳһŲɵ
ʲôϵ˻ڶôܡ
ٻһȻĵҩôܣٶɽ׵ĵȻܹĵó
ܻڶ޼֮Σʱ̣пܾǵڶ
ʿĿ˲ó
Ҫ֪Ǵﵽ֤ʱͲࡣﵽԪ𣬵ᡣѾ޷ºۼǳϣ
ؼ䣬˭׵ߵ֤ɾͻԪ֮
꣬龳ʮꡣ̨ʮһꡣⶼм޵ġǰʮһޱȣʿУѾͬ𣬳ϣջǻ䣬ԪһͨҪ䡣
Ψн֤۳ĵ۳뷨ӳգͬ٣ͬԣֻҪɱǾͿ˵Ԫ޾ǲĳ
ⳤϵٴλһҲ˵ǵ̨ĴǿߣҪߵԪľͷҲܹƾ賤ϵ»һǾʮԪȫпܸһ̤֤֪ݵǶô
챦ǾͿ϶дʵġ
ֻһ㣬˫ĿʱͱûǷݵ۾޲ֱӽȡռΪС
ȻǳϵȻǴֱʣβ֪ҪǿԴ
һĨʡ
ĵȻҲ׷Ź
ȻΪۻңУû˭ȡ˭ģҪؼǣܲܽ
жԳϵǿҵĿܸܵʿͬ¶ǿҵȤ
Ĳ˵϶һ
һƷıĹ˲ȥ
ŵһɽ׼Ʒĳ̶ֳϣѾ׵Ψһ㣬Ҫ뵤Ҫĵرʮѡе֣ûӴĵ̣ҲǼΪƳҪʦлơ
ڿʼϵ׼һǧöҡÿμӼ۲һö۸ޣ۸ߵá
ة˵
Ҳžʽʼ
һǧöң۸񣬿˵ǾԵۣõóǮƵģ֮٣ȻᲢ˵û㹻ҾͲܾġ
ھ֮ǰ嫺ҹУϣܹ֮һһҵڵص㡣ΪˣֱӸӴ׻ʳнӦԱ
жԴˣȻԥľʹӦˡ
ҪʹΪңֱǴĴ£ңʹõԽ࣬Խ㣬ǾԽӵģϢУܻȡˣ׻ʳܹн죬ҿ˵ǹûǣҸԣø壬ʿ޷ܵѡܡ
ѦѾ׼õĵصöһ㡣
κƷһҡ
棬רŵۺһ۸ۡңܹƽвûʲô׿͵Ϊ˵ΪΪ˽ҵӰųȥܵøʿʹҡ
ǮׯʱлҪ죬֮ǰѾ롣
ʱܶʿǿߣڶһҡ
һȡ˴챦ȻܶʿֻóһЩԼòϵıǲŸֿʯϣɼܲЩࡣ磬ͭһЩʿΧдͿֱӾúͭʯһȡӴҡ
ЩϣȻۣռڴ׻ʳ˵ͬһʵ̡Դķḻ׵ʴңռĸĵرǴ׻ʳ֮ûУǺٵ࣬һ֮ϲž޴İ
칤ڽȫЩϵԣƳı
еִ󣬶һҾԿ˵޾Ҫһ٣㡣
Щ꣬ÿ춼кħƳҡ
ҵͶѻɽ
ңΪҵԣȫֵĻҡ
̫ࡣԽԽá
ԣеʿ϶ңңҲ
׼һʼʹﵽһǧöо߸е𾪵ġ
һǧһ򣡣
гĬ˼漴ʿڱۣ̽Եϼһ
Ȼֻһ򣬿һӴ֣ܶһӶδ׬ȡ֡
һǧ򣡣
һǧİ򣡣

˿ھۣʱ׽ķΧò˵١Ǻеˮǿߣͬḻزڴ׶һжһʵҡ
˿ΪȻᣬྺۡ
̶Ƭ̼䣬۸Ѿǧҵĸ߶ȡ
ңڲ
Ȼм۵ʵҲ࣬Ͼⳤϵںܶ˵ǱģǣֻǵĵҩֵûеôõһƳһ㣬ü۸ۿۡúܶʿھʱһ˿ɡ
ǧ򣡣
ʱſ³һھġ
ֱӽ۸һǧ


1142 ͼ
ʵʱУһֶѣⳤϵĵ޷ļֵ
ǧ򣡣
ʱһȻʾϼһǧһ㶼ѷɫ
Ȼû֪˭ڱֻۡһ֪
ŵҪôΪʲôǰȽֻҪһЩҾͿԣóĵĴʵ̫ˡ
᳡Ͽգ׺ϿյҹУȻԿһĿռ䣬ռУٲȻһŸ󣬿Ŀ᳡еһб仯ޱȡ
ȻĹҡ
Ҫ֪ڻ᳡Ͽյ׺ҹɲ٣飬緱ǡЩҹڣԼΪǿĿռͨٳһСռ䡣棬޽ҡУĹۿеһСʮ˵ȥš
һҿɶͬʱڡ
ֻһεᣬ岢ûпЩҡ
ûпţֻǶпš
˿̣УȻԿ嫺ڣߣȻܿһȺŮУаӰ˿Ҳھ嫺ȽϽλáܿĵλ͡
˿̣ڵٲȻǾ嫺ԱһŮ
ܿŮüΪƯͷϵǣֶصʣֶ壬Ůҳòªġεһơ
ѪԽǿҲζţŴѪԽǿǿߵļԽߣε㣬ȻŮ壬ˡ
ʵϣ˭˵Ůгóªġ
Զһ
ǰλҲˣ嫺ĵڶŮҲӱ
һƷʿ½ƣ˭Ҫǿƽ⣬˶飬챦Ҳˣ⵽ֻһŵԷҪοΪһŵʧš
嫺ƽ˵
뵤ȣȻҪ
ã˵ĶԣֻǵܲƳǾ޴⡣ǵҪĸҩǾޱȡƵĳɹʸͣҲûжʦȻ־ģܳɹȻǺãܳɹǾˡһҪõ
Ц˵
ԪƳֻҪԳԺȺȣͿԴﵽߵľ磬ԪĺܡǺЩ
ȻỹҪһ¡
ĲƸɲһܹ
ǧ򣡣
кԥٴ׷ӳ롣
ҪҪġ
΢΢üѯʵ

嫺׵ͷ˵
ǧ򣡣
ûгɣҲżӼ۵
һڣ
ٴμӼ۵
۸˲һƬžΪ֮ʧ
һңһʼȻͳ˲˼ۡһöңҪóѾԶѻɽˣǿֲۣ֡ȴƮƮʹﵽˡ
ʿһ̳Ĭˡ
ûϼӼۡ
һǧһǧϼӣǱʾеܲˡ
ѹе̫޴
ҪҪ
ѯʵ
۸ҲѾߡԤƵĲΡ
ˣǴ׵׻ʳˣҪǮƣֻû˭ܸȣȻⵤҪǾ͸ˡ
嫺ȻһЦƽ˵еȻ۾ڿкѾûмĴ㡣
Ҫ˭ܱϵҵĴڡ
ȥֱһ顣
һڣڻûбһڸߵġҪûеĻݳϵ͹λС
һһΣ
һڵڶΣ
һڵΣɽ
ة࿴һͷ漴ʹ
һڣѾﵽλϾֻһݵѡ
ɵ
ž
һС
һƷĻһҵ۳ɽ
ɣֱӷ֣ǰСɢһâûԥһ䣬һֻŽУ棬װŵľһҡ
Ҵ͹ȥǰâһǷݵѾǰ
ڵϵĽҲɢ
Ȼ챦
õҲɰԵͷ
ǲ챦ӲϣϾܸܵõһ㣬˼ٵġң׼ĵԲֻһţڱ˿󣬸µʲôѵ顣
Ȼⵤ治һܹƵģϣ˾ݣ˲ιңеҲð
ִ򿪣һۣҡҡͷ
Ҫĵر˾һҲûгԤϣҪǳϵô׿ƣҲǧţȴû˭ܹɹ
ţУҲǴ׵һֵ̣ƲˣδؽƲˡлƣֻҪɹһΣǾԵֵεۡ
΢󣬽
ڼ
ųϵĵȻ˲ͱû

ֱϵ̨
зй伮еҩҩҩϡֱ
һǱ硣˲š
Ȼ糤ϵҲ㹻
ÿγ֣ôʿྺġᡣ
УһƷûٳ֣һЩս֮ƷֻҪǴ׻ûУؾвڵģ־ġ
ȷЩ伮
УвٶĹ硶ŭű䡷ˮꪷ˵νȵȣǼΪǷؽ
Դḻ׵ĵ̡
֪Уֱˮ㾺ĳȥ
ƷûһĵģóĶǾƷ
֪УʱôȻš
һƷɾĺһŮٴǰ
ةҲ¶ЦݣλѣشҶ磬ںϣѾյɱ䣬˿Ԥ⣬޷дͨԤ⣬籾ڲųɳÿ춼µأѶԣԵüΪİ
嫺Ȼ޷֪絽ж嫺֮ڣһӰǲˮ彫ʿǰƳһ嫺ڵĵͼΪ嫺ͼڻƹУͬ޴ۣʹʿĶࡣΪסҲҶ֮⽫ݺͼᣬΪһƷоģѽзͼһʮݣȫͬ
ʮݺͼбעŸ½λãԼΣսصĽڣλУݺͼǲ֮ѡȤģԳ־ģͼʮνڿʼһݺͼľġ
׼ۡһöҡÿμӼ۲ʮö
ةֱ׳һ


1143 ˼
ͼ嫺ڵĺͼעŸ½أĴڡ˵ֻҪӵ嫺ͼͿ׼ȷ嫺ߣӵ׼ȷĺ·꣬ںʧߡ
⺣ͼӵУǾͿ߳Ƭ졣ǰ߳ȥıϡ
ʿة˵ʱĿó
⺣ͼҪʵ̫ˡ󵽵Ұĵģģ˭ԸΪעһЩȫĺߣֻҪʵȫںкУгúºе޹пܣЩ嫺׼ܵıӡ
һ㣬úͼļֵ˲䱶
ĺͼһݣ׻ʳԽԽͱˡ
һϯλϣĿȵĿЩ嫺ͼѾ¶ģһҪȡһݣ⺣ͼǸͥһ·˵ƽһ·
½ϣ׻ʳƼ
Уûܵˣ˻ᣬܱ壬һѹΡ˵ǰʵԴԴԴϵı׻ʳУȫֳ
һ㣬Ȼܻῴͥпɲûӡ
ֻǣ£Թ˲ϾйʳʣֹֻŴÿ춼ڱǿָодģ̩ɽѹ˵ڴ׻ʳƬ½ϣ޲Ƕǿҵļɵо޴ѹ
սᣬ岿ȫʧأʵشȴǿ׳Ѿ񣬾͵ʱһͻᷢơ
εͷ
⺣ͼĳ֣ɣҲһ·ҪֵסδزԽߣΪΪȺΪͥ׼һ·
ʱųͼͼıСȻҲƲ硣
Ŀ䣬̨ϵĺͼ
⺣ͼҪȻҪĳ̶ֳϣΪսԵıкͼ취ҵ죬Ƭ½أ
һЩʧܺ󣬿Ѱҵ½أٴζɽǲܶɽҲԱסԼУϱǿбĻᡣ
кͼҲζţ嫺ڵĸ½أԲǷء໥֮䣬ԲϵϵǾͱȻֳͻ֮䣬ǿӶߡȻһѪȷ硣
Ψ²ҡǺģδûơ
ʲôƣ⺣ͼóˣǾͱȻǿߵᡣ
򣡣
һʱ䣬ֱӿھģ۸Ϸһ
ʮ򣡣
ʮ򣡣
ٰʮ򣡣

ֻһɲǼ䣬žóȣһ
ֵģ󲿷ֶǸ֮⺣ͼǵòġ
Ҫõͼ˻ǲ١ʱ򽫺ͼųȥǲЩ̫硣
嫺ѯʵ
ڲŸոպʡָոսشڴ˿̣ҪģϢϢαȵӶᣬ໥սȥɰɽ嫺վĽ򣡣
嫺ƽ˵
Ŀע治ĸ֮ϡ
ǲ̫ˡ
΢ɵ˵
ӡڴֱѾһԪ񾳲ε˿Ժ谭ӡҪ˶ãӡѾپԶ֪ͨȥ¾ţԾšˮ壬ֻҪԽţӵϡѪ֮С
嫺ٴ˵
ţ˵ƣеţҲһõ嶥ܵ죬У̺徫ѪԾ壬ܵõŵĶͣ徫ѪѪУѪӵѪճΪ֡Ѫϡ˶
磬Ծţֱӻйء
׽;һ˿Ѫ׽ѪǿһԾΪпܵġѪϡģпܻΪпܳΪߣпܻΪԾţһ֡Ԥ⡣
ÿοţȻˮ񻶵ʱ̣Ҳʱֻ̡ҪѪǾͿһɱ䡣ϱǿ
ͼľڼڲ
գڼ۸ﵽһʱгˡ
һǧ򣡣
ǰһ۸񣬲ŸոմﵽһǧֱӾϼ͵ľķʽ˲Ϊ֮ȻһƬž
˭ȫơ
΢΢ü¶ء
˭ôӼۣĲҵô
һͷ𷢵Ҫٴγۣ룬ûж
⺣ͼʮţΨһңͼֻǺͼѣ˵мֵǾ޼֮˵ûмֵһĲֵһǧöң۸Ѿߡֵӡ
ؼǣֻǵһݡ
˭Ҫ۸̧̫ߣ򵥵ĻԼ
һǧѾǵλ
ټϼӼۡ
ãû˼Ӽ۵ġ
һǧһΣ
Σ
Σɽ
ةЦǺǵ˵
۸Ҳ⡣
ϾĺͼֻҪԸ⣬ҪپͿԸƳ٣ȻҲֻ׬ȡһΣ´ֻͲˣϾһݣǹһԸƳʮݰٷݡ
Ȼڸ½춼޷ϵͨ£ϲ̵ʱ䡣
Ҳ޷ȡ
ͼƳۣҲҪһ᲻ӦӲ
ܿ죬Ҵ͹ȥǷ嫺ͼҲǰ
нͼУһۿȥͼҲǼ򵥵Ľӡ棬һĺͼԽУϵӽǰ㸩ͼ϶µĹۿÿһĴС״ɽ
ͺǱʵ죬ͬȱС
濴һݺᢵĺ·ǰЩطΣգ׿ЩطΣϵС˽ΪɵĴɼ
ò˵ݺͼʮֵ꾡˵⺣ͼ嫺֮ڡ󲿷ֵͼ꾡Щ꾡ĵطҲ֡Ԥʾţδ֪򣬲׿
һͼƾ⸱ͼʵѾԿһߡΪǿ壬ֻԸڴôȻ
ܹڶ̶̼ʱУͻƳӴĺͼĵ̣ɲ⡣ؼǣΪʲôһʼ׼ƺͼʣֽ嫺򵱳ĵ̡
У˼֡
ڼ
ڶݺͼѾʼģͬ׼һ򣬶ң۸ٶȼ졣


1144 ̨
۸ٶȻ״̬
ֻȲһһھֱһ۵鲢ûг֣Ͼ˭ҵһ£˵Ǯƶൽ޷ĵز̻ûֵز
ڶݺͼռ۸ﵽһǧһöҡ
۸ͣһǧ˵ѾǱȽļ۸
ܴﵽزҲ֪嫺ͼӳ̶ȣһǧңҪóҲһʾ֡
󣬵ţźͼҲ˵ۡ
ֱһǧ򣬾Űʮöҵļ۸ɽ
ļ۸Ҳһǧң¸ûеŰĸ߶ȡ
һʱ۸ȴֱߣﵽһǧļ۸Ҳһۡò˵һʺʮֺͼֱӾͻȡҡޱһ
ںͼ֮󣬺Ʒ
ͬǾƷεᣬûЩͨƷϳĻᣬΪ˴ͷҲǲ
챦Ǹزһδμҵᡣ
ǣһЩ۵Ķȴ˵ļ۸
Ҳڳʿܹĳ߼ۡ
ʱٴǰš
֪УῪʼѾȥһһҹʱ俴ʵ򣬶ʿ˵ʲôȫûжƣĸо
ϵ챦£˾ԵüΪܡ
˿û;ϢĴ㣬ڼ
λѣضں£챦Щ챦зǷǱɳֻҪĺãǽΪ鱦Ҳδûпܡ챦Ȼͬһ㡣ΪںϵԵʣܶ챦ǧٹ֣Ҳʮأľһ챦Ϊ̨
̨мﱦֱ;ЧԽǿֵԽߣγɫ⣬ԽǿɫԽ࣬ԽȤģԳ־ġȻ޷Ҳ޷һ챦
ةЦ˵
ҿڲܿǼ̨һķСƽ̨鲼Ź϶صķƣһһʮֵ䡣
ƺܿһ
λ뿴
ةóһö飬ⲻͨ飬ϸܵһɾ鱴飬̺ǿǿΪӿٶȵġں֮У飬˵һճĻҡֵɲ͡
öڼ̨ϡ
ˢ
ʱͿ̨Ϲâһֳһɫ⡣⼫ΪŨͬʱڱУֳһ֡
飺鱴飬̺Ϊָʣաֵơ
ֺȻĸڼ̨ϣͺֱӴӼ̨Ϸɳķɣʮ棬˶Ľͬ׼ޱȡ
ܶʿȴ΢΢ҡͷ
̨Լ챦ΣǣⶫսܷҲܸҪĻʲôѵͷߵʦʹãȫǿЦ𣬸о˿𲻵;˵Ƿѹֵá
ةȻҲ챦ԲãпܻΪϵһĵıϾ챦ȷʵȽã̫ƫˡ
̨ڿʼ׼ʮöҡ
ةջǿ˵׼ۡ
ʮ
ܶʿ΢΢ü˵ʵڣ챦ǿʮöǹˣ˵;רʲôáʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
ʮһ򣡣
ʿϼһ򡣱ϾеᣬȻǼߣǷƷҲ͸ӡ
һмҪ־ĵƺûˡϾҲʮң˭ǮǴġô档
ʮ򣡣
еȻһЦƽ³һ
˲伤һ˭û뵽˻ô챦ϻ˶Ǯơѵ챦б;
ʮһ򣡣
ʮ򣡣
ʱвٱ˼ʿ׷׿ڱۡ
۸
һ򣡣
к⣬Щһӵļ۸޷Ӱ죬һı۱ȥ
ۣеһ
ܶļӼֻ̨ۣôʲôöôֵһӡ
̨һûãֻЩõĻᣬҲͬߡһͷɫŮ΢΢üӷ˿ܿһԼĶ䣬£ɢֻ֮Ҳһ֡Կò
ΪҪԣ𵽶á
ǣҪıĳִ̻ᣬ͵ϲпܷӵ£Ļﳬֵ
۸ѾܸߣûԸϼӼۡ
ةȻҲ⣬ٵ䴸
̨ȻȻ䵽С
֮֮ǡ챦ۣʵȴҴȱٵһż̨ڣ챦ٱ©ң̨ȫԸݼСۡԸʶһʱȱ
пż̨¶һ˿Ц⡣
һ𲻻챦ǶԴ˵ˡ
ǿ챦жۣ书Ч
еѶϢɼ۸ĺ㶨ɵɶۡ
׿ǿУռʣд岿Ҵ׶һңЩɶҪɶ۵ġ۸Ǹ߻ǵͣȫˮƽ㶨
Ժ˼̨Ǿȫˡ
׼ȷңٶȸ졣
ةҲûйЩڼһƷġ
ʱһ챦˳
λѣǰļ̨ɲͬóͬһ챦ȴ챦ΪУ˼壬챦ģΪءֻҪõȫԼһᣬ;ҶͲ˵챦Ҳ֮Ͳ˵׼һöңÿμӼ۲ʮö
ةóһ챦˵
Уʲô
챦УⶫҲûʲôðȫǸЩ˳˳֮׼ģֻе̽һɹᡣ
ʲôһҪĻȫԼһУ챦ûУȫûŶԡ
һЩʿԲ⡣
챦Ȥ
ϾͨʿһЩСĲ壬ʢᡣҪǿ̲ɵġȻмȻ챦ǾͱȻ֮ǣةûнܡ


1145 ѹ
Ϊʲôûн챦֮ûУ֮Ƚ⣬һܵĻпܻӰ쵽ļ۸񡣡
п챦Ҳһͷ
Ӱ죬УǾͿ϶ǶԼ۸񲻺õӰ졣ü۸񽵵ͻ߳⡣
ة಻˵˭Ҳûа취
Ͼ챦˭ûб˭оܾȨ˭ǿȥġȫԼѡѡ
ҪҪģǾͿԼĺ
Ҵ׻ʳȱôһн챦Ҵ׵ĵ̣ҪᣬȫʸʵҲӰó㹻챦ڴ׵ĶزȻò
Ժпһͷ
ȻҪԸ⣬ȫԼУһ㣬һӰ춼ûУȻ챦ҲûбҪȥ죬˷ʱҲ˷Ѿ
ֻҪǮܰ쵽ģǾͶ¡
ʼҪĿԿھۡ
ةЦ˵
һٶʮ򣡣
żŮӿ˵һλǿߣңͨľ塣ΪʵԲУƺҲвСȤ
һʮ򣡣
Ҳ˵
һٰʮ򡣡
һͷ𷢣Եмֿҵӿ˵ǻƽʨ
ʮ򣡣
ʱһΣϴһЩݹƷӣһžɢһơԡ
壬Ҳ塣
˷ʱ䣬򣡣
зƵ³һ
仰һǱǻƽʨ᳡Уʿ̲סһ鴤˵ģȫڱصãûн˷۵ף˵ĵޱȳֵš
Ȼˣ˭֪е֮ǰԲʽ³ϵ嫺ͼĴƴǮ࣬Ǽֱǲƣʺ
ԣٲģһ̣ҲһĬҿڶ˵ʲô
ۣȫûбҪ
۸ЩԤڣҪŪǼӼˣȴҪˣǾǻ˹ˣɲСĿһ£˭Բ
ס
򣬳ɽ
ةƺлᷴһ䴸ֱĻ
ƺĵѾ㡣
⡣
һ⣬ôоةеȲ
᳡еʿҲһ˿ԾƺⰡ뵽֮ǰةô϶ʱʱĿͱùŹ
ĪǡƷ⡣
лóƷǲЩ̫Ϸˡ
⡣
õ챦Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
бСС磬ĽȴһƷĸо
ⲻЩе֮
˵֣С
Ȼһ򵥵ֶѣΪУֱӶĶ󣬲μ֮ˣֱѡȡߣֱӴ͵УУеˣûа취档
ȫ֪Ļʲôˡ
ȫġпһؤпһֻҰпκ壬κǿߡ
п֮ǰлֱ۳һƣҲȻЩͶŵ硣ԵȻԵõңõԺӵпԽвμʸÿοõз롣
ֻǣ⻹ʲôӣǣУһο۳ʮöҲ˵һβμֻʮԷԾܾǰпܣʮ
ҲˣһʮЩõˣԺ󻹿Уȫջۣӣ׳
ӵǣУÿһܾһΡ
Ҳ˵һֻܿһĻǾͱȵڶꡣ
Ҳ˵һֻ꣬ʮ
һ꣬ʮ
ڶ꣬ʮ
꣬ʮ
ǿʮ꣬Ҳֻһٸμ
ʲô
ӰԶž޿Ӱ
ʲô᲻һǳǧ˲μӡٶϰ˲μӡܱ֤˳УңܹеõӯҪȻͻֿǣķΧϲȥ۸ҲϲȥǾһʧܵᡣ
ٸʲô
ʮһٸһһǧһǧһ
ٿǰᣬһ־ϰľߡҪܻܵôӴľߡҪʮܻ
ǣУһֹûа취ġ
Ȼ۳Ҳûа취ݻٵģȡ󣬿ںϵڣۣ±ںϡȡʸھһƱһԵƱһ֣ôڡ
ʱһҲǿ֮ȻԽĶ磬κκ壬ʱ֮СȻֻ۷Ҳ㹻棬㹻ǿ󡣡
õĺãȻһ޷
ˣȻУǾ֮⣬½һоǡУҪУͱ䶯ȥ硣˲֪˲ԲμΪ١
вû˶ܵ
پһ㣬οҲδؾһ£Ϳôȥˡ
гĬةҲ͵͵ĨһѺ
е֪ģҪ˵Уֻһ򲻵û˭ôһǰġ
вû˵ʲô
ҲԼȥ
Ľһֱܿ죬ҶʿҲݵˣҲֱ˵ҪƴᣬûǮҲͷˡܿ졣дƷɽס
֪Уֹȥһ졣
ʱƣὥʼߵβ
λѣеڣѾʼҪʱ򣬲ȻѹıȻҲ⡣εѹᱦһңǾƷ
ڣһѹᱦ
ةĻҲ֪бü߿
һŮǰ

ҿһǺȻһֻ«
һֻɫĺ«
«ͬСɣƺܿصĳɫ԰ߡ
һ«ǾƣΪ𣡣
ةһ
ԱѪܹΪҩβݣݣԪҩټףƹѲݵȱҩɣú󣬾֮ԡָơƣ³ƷѾɱ䵽޷ĵز


1146 
ң˵һԪ𣬶ңµĳ£ĵϣǾƷϵơȥԪߣٻһ糤ϵһ㣬ãٴѪƣҲһΣܵѪ
ةĻдһ˿߿һ˿
𣬾Ʒơ̺޹κƷ׵ľӵ컯
У
һ
ʲôȻԻڶӵһεĻᣬƵҲػڷһ嶼ž޴ĹЧѪ÷˳һ
ʲôǳϵǱȳϵҪ졣
ȫǾɵ񵤡
ңʲôֻܿܳԵĵʵʵڵ𣬾Ʒơ
ȳϵ档
ôܣؼô𣬴һԪôܲı
̫˼ˣ̫ˡıκУǶǿԵ̵ôóҪУǾǲ˭֪ĵطһϢй¶ֱǱﰡܼӰֶôó
ʿǴض㣬񺿡
óɵӾûнıϡ
ֱҪҪˡ

̲סðһ󾫹⡣
ӵеʵ̫ǿֲ̫ˣǣڵһʱ뵽÷һһǣҲԽһ
ŮɻˣӵеľǷʣڲɻ壬뾭Ŵܳ׾ѣŴÿһζΣأʱплΪҽܲɣȫǿ⣬˭ûа취Ԥ⡣
ͬܵõʱͿӵһذȫϣʧܣҲƾ˳ŤתΣڵķѪŨĳ̶ֳϣڰ˵Ǽֵ޷
Ū֡
ڵһʱ䣬Ѿ¶ģʲô۸ҲҪŪ֣ⶫ˵ǻٶǮҲһҪŪ
֮ǰĶſΪƷڿ֪֮Уӵ˲˼
õ֣ҵҲֵáǵڶ
ǿһ̣۾Ҫð
ڿʼģ׼ʮöңÿμӼ۲һǧö
ةһĹ屦˵ʵڣҲó嫺óˣΪΪѹյĺ䶯Ч
Ҫһڶ졣
Ȼ۸Ҳһ̣ʿΪ֮Ȼ᳡ǵž
۸񡭡̫Եˡ
׼۾ۡ׼۶Խϵ˦󡣻ԶԶ˦ں档
ʮöңÿμӼ۲һǧö⡭ܹĳȥ𡣡
ɫ䣬ʮöңʲôңҲ飬Ļңÿһöļֵ൱ˡʮöǶôµֱۣۡ޷۾ģ˭ĵʵȥġ
Ҫ֪ڴֱǰʮöҾԿ൱һóϰǧڵǶôֲ顣
һ㣬᳡мžĳѾܿĳ
Ҫݹ屦Ͼؼ޽еĹ屦Ҫп£ȻԸϣ¡ңѹᣬȻҪȡ䶯ԵЧڣֻһ֣۸һķЧ
ʿ¶һֹŹ֮ɫ
Ҳ¶һ˿졣
Ȼֵ۸ҪмУǣóƺûȥҪʲô˵Ȥ˿ĵԲֻܹô
ѵõƷóֻΪӰѣЩʿô𡣡
ӱһ˿˵
ɫʮƶ۸Ѿۣû˭õĳеҶһǿ֪ģû˭һʮö
ζţ˭ɹ
óһͷ
ǰͷѡ
ֻδأҪ׻ʸвȤҪȤ˭
Уҡҡͷ˵
֮ǰϵ۸ȻߣۣҪҪδؾܵס
һ⣬˭ֱ֪ô󡣸ǮǮˡ
ʮһǧ򣡣
вûԥ³һ
ھˡ
ûдϼӼۡ
֮ǰԵľۣΪʿʵܹģȻҪչֳǿĵ̣ѾǣһķҪı
ڲҪʮöңⲻ˭óġ
ȫûбҪٴνг߼ۣϾңҲǴġ
ô죬ҪҪǳ
ӱһæѯʵ
ⶼʼˣҪûзӦҪˡһĪʧ
嫺һУĬֱ˵ãȻȷʵ޼֮ʮڶңټɢԵֵļֵ
ڿڳҪ¶ˣǴȥǶˡ
档
ʲôҪҪǶԡʲôûĸҪֺ̧۵飬嫺ؼǣ̫
̫ˣ˭óġɵĿ̫ˡ
˾ۣ
˵˭
ֵ̣óӴһǮƵģָ嫺óģԲ࣬ӥͥ˵ų⣬ͥ˵ʮָԣϹ¾鴴ľͥи־壬ͥĵ̾ǿȫпóôһʡ
Ҫ˵̣˭ȵϴ׻ʳҵĻʳ׻ʲĴá
ܶʿѾ²⵽۵пܾСּռݼ󲿷֡
ģûж˻ɵӣɵҲ
ǣ֪ҲֻĵĽҪ
ʵǵ̡
ةͷ϶̲סʼð
׼Ҫĵ֮ǰѾź˿ڽмۣʵ򣬾һѣû뵽ĻῪھۣ˿ۡ
гһֹ
ȻһƬž
еı֮󣬱ѻȸ
ةĨһ亹λ¼һݣǵڶңڸиǾ˫ƣҪǴǾĲУʮһǧöңûм۸ߵġ


1147 
ʮһǧһΣ
ʮһǧΣ
ةͷϵ亹ٴɨ᳡Ҫܹڴۣϧʼû˼ϼӼۡ
һεļ۸
Ȼ룬ɲòںˣʮһǧΣɽϲλѾĵ𡣡ةϵе
ҲţһеС
ȻĴҲСʮһǧöҡⲻʲôطǶѻɽûгɣͽѴ͹ȥͬǺ«Ҳڵһʱǰ
ס«ۿȥоں«ƺһֻķչ᰿衣Ũķϣ뵽ƵУѾǵƣƷơؼ˫Ѱ
࣡
һʿˮкд˳
ڿʱУÿһϸڷ񺿽޲õ«Ƹȥֱֿ޷Ƶĳ嶯
ʳ˵ջʵֲ̫ˡ
һָоҪǺ«ƣֻԼΪᷢ췭ظͻƣһξ춯صĴԾǺпˮʣûд򿪺ȵһĪһ«ֱջغǿзӡ
Ժиǲȥ룬ҪȻһ룬һܵĥ
ֱоԼ̲סȵ
ıˡ
ȫǲǮƵǮ
ʿԺвһͷ
ҲҪǣκòôǮƣֻͽκΡǣһʼʱ򣬾ûиǴݳѶϢ
ˣһѹƷѾϣڶѹᱦЩ⣬һλĹóģΪҽҪڣȿѹᱦ
ةһ½е󣬿ʼһǵڶѹᱦͬҲһ
ǰľڼʿʼעƷϣȻѹᣬܱѷɫֻξȻҪңﻻ
һ㣬Ѿϣʿһӱü
ǮƱȲУһ㣬ǳϣȷʵ磬ﻻĻе챦ɲΪһ۰һռıԶ
һЩǾģǶУʾ˵ı
ҪһѹᣬܹõĻʣЩͨͨ
һĿ̨ϡ
һѹƷλ뿴
ةһ֣ǰĳһݾᡣ
ʲô
Ժͬʱһʡ
ܳΪѹᣬǾͿ϶ͨı
һݾϣصһֻҵֻ֮ңĻңң̺Ϊ̺ĶؽƣֻʱƻȻȡܱԪٶȸ죬ſһٶȡ󣬻һȻ𣬻ΪСΪĩ
Ҳ˵˭ֻҪõ֮ͿлȫµĻңֻұȾҪӾĻҡȻٶȣһҲʮ졣ͥȤǿɾǧܴ
һݿһ챦֮ĻңǿֱӵõϿɵĻҡ̺ԪΪͨҪǴ¾ûеڶλˡ
ة¶һ˿΢Ц˵
ǵģһҵľط
ط̺һֶصҽطΪһԪǮҵĹؼûǾͨľҶѣǾǿٶȼӿһǿҡ
һ̣᳡ϴǿ۾Ĺâ
ЩһЩ֮
ִܹһһٳ˳ģһһԲɵӣɵӻڣȻһУҵҪԣңϵתҪŦۣôܷչǿôתһ
ںܶԾʯɾңԾסֻȻܶͨǣЩңûԼɫңûκξ׾ͻᱻѹܣҲϣûκλҿԸҽо
ѡΪʱû˿ڷԡ
ΪǸûʸ񷴶ԣҲûа취ҵҵĻҡϲҡЩܿһֳĻңжôҪ
ң
û˭ԸһԼ޷ƿصĻԼͨ
ͺһҪпܣ˭ԸԼΧͨȫûа취Ҳ޷赲ֻš
ǵõ֮ǾȫͬˡȫԽµĻϵңܹһĵֿ֮ᱻĺ޻֮ң֮ء
һ̣Ȼ֮׷һƬȡ
֮ڱصá
У֮֮֮ǰȣǾԲѷɫֺҪֻܶһã֮ȴ츣أֻ˵ȫƾ˵Ŀ
û뵽Ȼ֮ȻȲңȴȾҪࡣ
пҲ¶һĨɫ
֮ؼΪϡٵطκһݣǼΪģеҷһĻңʣ൱ԶңͨķֵǷ
һĺô̫
ȫǽˮɻˮת䡣
Ȼ֮ȲңҲûдҪõУֻǼ߶ѣȫûбҪѴȥ棬Ҳ޷սҵĵλ
һλصѷģҪңҲҪңѡﻻҪȡģһԳΪ챦챦κ˶ԱۣһǰģԼĽƷд£Ȼȫ͸λصѡѡУнף
ة࿪˵
˵ʵڣ־ķҲǵһοܲܳɹһδ֪
Ϊ챦ͨ챦θڡҪĵˣȻѪһΡ
ƽĿž
룬֪ЩҪҾ»һδѪ
ϧǰģ˭˸ʲôȻ϶ѡ챦Ǳ챦Ȼó֮
ʱȻš
ܿ죬ľĵˣʼдԼܸı
ҪҪ־ġ
գգ۾ѯʵ


1148 Ļ 
ã֮ȱȻ鱴Ϊңƺ޷ȣǳԽżԼ֮Ϊңһ̺ͬٶȵԴﵽȻҡǶҡǰҪһ㡣
嫺ԥ˵
Ȼиߵֵ֮ġ
Ҿңܹңȱ
ռؼһңңռȻ֮գңռ壬Уͺǵõͳ֮λһ
ҵ֣ͲϲڵλϣѺҵλá
ĵ̣ȻҲҵķֻǣҪĻȴ޷ȣңҪֲϣҪľҪ´¯ҪԼĻңһô򵥵ġ
֮ҡ̺ѷɫңٶȣͺӵľһ㡣һľҾͻ᳹𣬻Ϊ촷ۡ
ңƷ
޷һںľ»ԪٴλָͶʹáһݣֶصʵмżȻԣȫͳĴ档
ңһֲ𣬱һʵ򣬼ֵر
ط͵ĻңҪҽжһֻ£ʮöܻȡһöңңпʮöܶһһöҡ
ȻֵǸģ뷢лҵž޴Ĺ
ʵԽǿҲԸҸߵĸӼֵ
Ϊ֮˽⣬ܴﵽѾǻҵļޡٳظࡣ
ԣңҪҲ˵һֶҡ
гȥ˵ãӰԾ޴
ʵϣ˿одֻǣûʽʼͨû㹻Ĵңôܹתϵ
ңܿһݻ취
ʵȴ֮͡
˭óҷĵ˭
ͳĺһ֮ڰüҲֳһ˿ǵݣҲʮѵÿľ
ʱةЦ˵λѣոռصѾѡİıεѾϣλѶǾ˶顣ᣬʽ
˵ţ̨ϵǷݾѾʧ
ȻѾɽס
˭֣ǾͲǴ˿ܹ֪ġԿ϶ĽƷ϶ҲǼΪѵõҪȻǲܽҷ֡
λͣκιԸ⣬ԼͣգҲȥںֱӷԼڵ򣬶棬һ⣬ֱͨӷӣ֮ڣʼЧ̺֮ͻɢԣʱ䡣
ةٴ˵
仰Ҳǽ᳹Ļ
ʱ䣡
˼
ҪȥھͿѡȥ
ѵһȻûдô뿪
˿̾ͿԿдʿѡֱȥ
һâ᳡оôֱȥ
һʿ
˭͵ҵǬĴȻ͵ҵϡ
뿪
Ҳûѡжո߳棬ͻȻ䴫һŭŭ
ǺȫԸܵɢķŭֱҪȼ
С͵Ĵ
ոճͱ͵ˣ˭Ǻôĵӣû֣ѡ֣Ǻ֣ͺ޹˼ɡ˭ӻ󡣡
û뿪ıͷ׷Ժһͷ
˱͵Ǭʲô뿪ȫǾԶҲĽ֮ڡ͵һǶơ
ôǼֱǵӲһĴ
ʿ׷׸˹ȥ
еǬ͵ˡ
Ժ̲סһõͷ
ǧҪ˾ժǸͷ
˾ժֿտյı¾ǳ뻯ժУ൱ֲǸովһᣬ뿪ʿϣȻǱ⾪ˡ˾ժǸϣȫпܵġ
ôһ룬ԴҲ̲סЩͷʹ
˾ժǿǴ׻ʳͨ󹩷ҪµԴ󰸵ĻûбץסãһץסǾҪ飬㲻ûὫ׸ˮԲʲô¡
֪ʲôˣȻǰԡ
ﲻ֪ʲôʱԱߣ¶һ˿˵
ĵȷʵܴ󡣲ô£Ҫ۹ȥ֪пһɼΪص㴫УһЦ˵һͬȥΡ
ã
һУҲЦŵͷӦ
˲Уŷķȥ
ʵϣһĵĸʿ׷׸˹ȥҪ巢ʲô
벻Զ
ûþͿ·ص㡣
ϸȥһɫĴŭķŭֻ۾ĳɨӹȥڲǺ£ǱáɫǷŭ
˭ҵץסһҪʬΣ͵ԾȻ͵ҺϣֱдΪҺһǳصô
ŭ£ֻѾ޷˲䱩ǣﵽɾ޴󣬻£һˮ⴩Ȼһˡ
ʲôǺˣһ֧ˣں֮У͸׽ƿˮ֮ˮɴ󣬶ңܵκεӰ죬;޴˵ڴУ˵ܹƿش֮ڴУڶε塣
ǰμᣬҲ˲ٵĺöû뵽һĪģԼǬôʧˡ
һ㣬⺣˶ûа취赲ʧʱǵһʱõӦǬӡǣһʧôܻûиӦǣʧǬ͸Ӧˡ
д
յǣȻ͵ϡ
ǸʲôӣǺ۸ô
ͷһ֣ڵŭ͸޷ѹơ
˭а취ҳǴҺһлջҺ˵ꡣ
񷢳
һ̣˭ܰץܹ껹л

ʱԶִһҽ
ǽΪ
˭˭ưȻңҵĿռȻٵϣֱǻ˰Ҫɱ㡣Ųҽһޱȷŭץŭ
ǽޱֱǱʹ
ʲôˡ
һ̣ʿ׷׳Ųҽķȥ
ܶʿиӿֳǿҵ˷ܡ
ҪˡԤУд·


1149 Ĵ
˳ٸȥ
ֻһǿԴŭ
ڶͷϣȻԿһ޴ӡǣӡô࣬ٸ֮ǰŭ˭ֻ֪Ǳĳӡǣӡǣңڻޱȣ֪һĵжô͡
ǿͷ­ǼӲޱȣһӽΣһʮײС
Ҳˡ
ǰ޴ƶٶȸ죬ˮУˮϵֳϳǿߣܽг֣ԣ໥ʶ˵˴˼䲢İ
ߣʲôҲѵҲˡ
һɨӣȴûзʲôҲûпεĺۼ
ʲô٣Ǳˣд͵ҵǬһ鴤һŭ
㱻ԣұ٣ԲżȻⲻͬһˡҲɫѿ˵
㿴ûʲôˣʲôӡûмסϵϢ
ѯʵ
ûУһӱңȻͱһԴϣܹ죬ұУ͵ʡ˭һҪҵгƬһһڳԽҵıȫڿռ氡ܣҵģʹ
췢һߵĿХ
ˡ
ʱһ
ֻ嫺һϺзٸܿһ˿䣬һ˿ŭں͵ʱѾõϢ
ֻڸӦʱڶܺ߾ͳˡ
ȻԲμᣬıͳִ٣ʲôڶƣȫڴȥҪܵ𡣱˻ô˵˵һûУȥıͣ뿪ͻܴ٣͵ԡ
Ҫ޷ε⣬ǺʣȻܵɡ
һץסֵûɡ
ڹ˽Ӳ
ǰһǧϺзܸܵһŨѪϢת
ֳѯʾüͷɫ˪Ȼڵλģ˭жԲưոݣһΪλֻعзִټֻҪṩѶϢͽϢʵȡʮöҡץסشȡͽ𽫻ߡ
εĴΣ˭Ź
ϵ˵
Ϊ壬̺һּΪŨϣͶ䣬ȻӵǿƣһһУɢĵ
лŽʿܱѲѲټܷκ˿ûɱͷ϶Բ׷Ź
ٴηԸ
ǣ
һзſھӦɫ䣬һ˿
ּ䣬ϺзɢʼѲ

ʱһҽԶ
ȥ
ʿһĨԥľ׷ȥ
Ȼ²⵽ֻǴֿʼˡ
׵ѣҲȥɡķΧ飬˵Ҷ棬֪ʲôˣΪʲôôңʱ˶̣ȫ޼ɵ
գգ۾һ˿˵
ò˵ĺ档
߰ɡһȥ
׵ͷͬ
ȴѾһ˿أԼ両ֳһ˿Щٶôô̻ʸ˾ժǣȥǸĹ顣Ҫִˡɲʲô¡
ǿȻүүưú޵ȻҵһŹ㡣ֵǣңһҪǸĴҳҪʬΡȻҧңҸûꡣ磬硪
ܹȥֻһһˮʿڱףһıˡнţݺҧһڣǱҧġ
ֻڽڲϵĴ磬Ѿ飬ǲѪһһѪ˴Ŀġ˾
⺣֮Ĺ㿴ʲô
˹üͷѯʵ
һֻͨɫֻ컹ǹݰҵⶼ˺һ顣ҵȡ
߷߲ƽ˵
ɫĹ
΢΢üٷԸ֪ͨȥһֻɫĹֻҪټ
ɫĹ
һĨлǰһԳ̻һﵽ׻飬ûӣҪֳĿǾֱӱ¶Ժô޷ɡ
һʱѾԵһˡ
һ٣ҧˣҪ̻ʣҽԼӿĹԲ˵ĶӡڣֻҪ̻ݣûֳһëǱ֪ӵһҲûа취ҵͷϡ
Ĺ̹ĹǺڹ
ֹȫͬġ
ȫԶһ壬ƸһɶϣǾûܱϾҲʲôģǴ׻ʳ֮Ҳ˭ݵġ
̫ˡֱ̫޼ɵˣûн۵ס֪ͨҼԽԽȺȤˡ
Ц˵
ĵ̴٣⵨ѾһĴ
С
ˢˢˢ
ڴ˿ֻ̣ʿԥóеΪһţϵ̤˽ȥ
⺣ûа취ȥˣ̫ˣȻĵ޼ɵȥ˵Ҳᱻ١ҿٵĺöҪˣҪѪ
Уֲܿˣ˭֪Щʲôزȥ̫ΣգԽ뿪Խá
󰸳ֺЩʿѾ¶ġ
ǵӲ󣬶ȥ̫ΣաַûбҪð
뿪뿪ͲĹ١
⺣Ĵιһۿһºˮ磬ͷȫûˣȫ
̫ˡ
ȻһЩģӴ

ʱԶִһҽ
ҵˣҵȺˡ
һ
зѾĴܸΧסˣѾˡ
죬ϿȥҪǸϴٵĴܶʲôˡ
Զܿмҵײɱһ˸ܿĳǱߵɱΪļҡ
ʱʿȤ׷˷ܵĸ˹ȥ
ҪĿĴܵĿ
ʲôôĵӡ
Ȼ򵥣Ȼôҵǡ
Ŀһ˿䡣
ĵ̣Ȼͬһ㡣ֶҲȻ֪ôҵģҵʵ
Ĵܣ־ܣҪȻԣҪʲôΪƨɶ׼ǣͿѡ
ҵɱУŭ


1150 
ƨɶ׼ңұʾ־ܣûΣô
ΪҾͻŹС͵趼ϵá͵㺣үүǬԺҺʲô⺣ߡ

Ŀֻ֣һƾץƨɵĴ
һץԽǰĴࡣ
кްȻ͵ϣΪ񲻻ɱô
߾߾߾һǣƨ
ԿǼһ˾ժǣֻ˿˾ժǵϴһߣһߣסȴڸǲס鶯񡣴һ˿
飡
Ż£ȻԿ˾ժƨɺ洫һը졣һβŷųȥѾλΪΣңҫ۵Ľɫҫޱȣ˿̲סҪ۾ǽʵǴ۰
һ
ոոϵ̲סһ鴤üͷаԷһ
ҵĸ죬ƨų⣬Ҫ찡
Ǹʲôƨɣų⣬ѵҪƨ𹥻ô
ԣҸоһǿ𡣡
ΧʿϵܣϺзѾܱΧڣԿЩѾﵽϺз˷
м䣬ۣܿϴźߣڵʵʵȫʵòֻǣܴпһЩ
磬˾ժǣƾʮֵĿȥ£Ծĸֳһ˿䣬޵н֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼٻһֻ׹ԼϣݣսɳڳĽһ㡣һڵĺڹڵûһ˿ɫ˿䣬ӡ
˾ժǣȥ޵н̻ʣĸ
ڿĵһۣе˿ҾͳײˡĸйǵĻ飬ôᱻҵΧֱһ漣
Ȼڿ˾ժǾƨɣųʱ붼룬ʶס߹Ѹٱһξ롣
￴΢΢üҪѣڷеʱĿ⻹עսʱҲûпܣˡ
ܱߴʿǾ档
˭벻˾ժǵƨɻᷢ⡣
ʲô
ѣס
бһξҲһ˿ףַſ󣬿˵лܸܵһ˿˿Ử
Ϊʲô
ﲻѯʵ
ҪʣϾ֪ҡҡͷ˵
꣡
һ̣ǽⱩǵ£貵˼ĵزʱ漴һͺڴͻȻһס
ۣΪһ貵⣬Уһɫ߰㻮صľ룬źȥ
ǿ磬ٶ֮죬ȫӦ
ʲô𡣡
Ŀã΢΢üȴ˿ãһܸһȥǰҲҪ𣬻Ϊ촷ۡ顣
Ȼ򣬹Ļˡ
ɫֻײʱɫͺõһĴӾдȥʵʵںԴϡ
ʱһֿµĻˡ
ǵɫųҵĽ⣬˲Ϣľںǰըˡ
¡¡
ɫʮְԵϣ̺һ޿ײĿ֮ǿԲѷɫκͼǿȫһƻԴﵽླΡһʱ䣬ȫëȫ
Ǻ˵ǿҲһ絶˿ڡ
ҵıӡ
ֻһĲҽӺз
˶ֱǸǧаҡ㾹Ȼƨҡ
ϵ˿ڲû⣬Ȼ̫ǺоˣЩ˿ڣС˶ѣҪ˶þͻϡ˿ڣǳ
ըһɲǣһޱȵĳѾ˱Ƕ룬ңԼ˺˿жݳ
ҵĳϯ
ú񵱳ͷһҽУֱֻסӡ˫۷ֱһ´ˣžſڲϵŻ¡֮ǰֳȥûõʳȫ˳
һŻ£һ߲ҽСڵϷŻ¡
ؼǣϻǼֱǺ޲ȥ
ͬڽ⸲֮أϺзͬʱҽС
סӣſھµĻڵء
ǽ̺µĳ̺ǿĴ͸
ֱ޷ܡ
ЩվıȽϽĸʿҲ׷С
ΪʲôĴȻܷ˿µĳƨ޿ײ밡޿ײ밡
ﻹƨȫƨͨⲻǴһֻƨħ
ҵıӣ군ˣҸоҵıѾʧȥˡ
ʿڵϲҽУֶΪʿ޷ܣֱһֿµµĥʹൽ㡣
ˣϺзˣͱôһƨˣûи
ãҲˡ
ˣˣĻ£Ĵֱܼͱˡ
ʿ֣еȺУȻڡ
֮ǰΧסĴܣҲû⣬ΪǿԷʲôˣҲûжٵ׼ִ£ˡڽУµĻڵأɫ԰סŭ־֮ɫ
ֱجΰ
һ׽ǡ
˾ժǺΪܣһƨͨӵĴٴξƨɣһǿȥ
ƨϡ޺ƨ
һɫ۶ɵ޺Ȼ֣ٴսը
ը󣬻Ϊɫս޺ƨƨмƷĳñǿվŵĽʿҲ޷֧ţ׷׵¡ڵŻ·
Ѿܲˣ˿ٳһ޺ƨʱ۷ף˲ʹȥڻˣǿ°ĭܿĳļΪʹࡣ
ٺ٣Ҫ׷ɱǣͨͨ£еıȫС
˾ժǹЦ˵
£̲סԴ󷢣Ҫ߸һոտƨֵľȪӿһŻѪľƷ
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Ŀڸ߸ص£ջʢɫ磬ں΢Ц
һָҪδδԭ˵۹⡣
̻һڣʱ˾ժɫ䣬˲óֻ䣬һʱⲢûжô̻ʵĸƺѾĽޣֱӳСһĹҪֵѾ졣
ڵϷཫʿ˿Ȼ佩ӲǸоͷ·ʩչ˶һҲˣҲŻˣôֱͦͦڵϡֻ۾ô㶣ƺͫⶼڽɢ
·ܵش
󣬴ƬĲҽԸӲҵķʽսϡ


1151 
ħֱħ
ҵ꣬ˡ
ʲôǹʲôƨ𡣻ֱϹҵϺۡ

ʿϺзҽţƴڵϳ治ţҪսȥĳ嶯ҲҪƬ޺ƨֵսǾĵ
ټħ궼ˡ
Ĵܡ
ͱ˵һƬȽϰȫ򣬵ȴĿսϵһУĿ£Ҳɵɫ䣬΢΢оһŨŨĶӭҪվ㹻Զ˵˾ժǵƨͨ£ҲᵱС
ָоֻҪһ룬һ亹졣
ҪսһӶԸ뵽ľ
ܽܡ
ټħ˫صӵĿ´ϣٵϵĥ
ˮ֣
ǿסڵĶʹ࣬һִֻ˳ǺȻһ챦Ϊ޴ĻսнʿʿڣĴܶһ棬ƺҪһѹȴľԮٳ׽Ĵѹ
⻤ʮǿ󣬿Կһ޴ˮϵĻɢĽصߣϱáݳǿϢ
ˮ֣Ԫǿߣûа취״ƣ㱻ƣҲ֧һʱ䡣
ֻҪһʱ䣬ͿԽĴסԱֵӦ֮
ȻĴȴ˿û⡣
һ˿־嶼ƺǰˮȫ۵סһûбסĿ־度¡ԾԾԡ
֣ҲסĴܣλֵ򱾽
ֻ޵нһֽС
̻ʣ˾ժԥĿٳ޵нȥܿУȻһֻͰͰ֮Уƺ
ͶһͰҹ㡣
޵нٴ˵ʱԿеͰѾշ
ڰзתҹ籩սϿգǵصĳսȥû֮ǰѾܸܵһɶ˱Ƕ룬ϯ
ˣ
Ҫҹ㣿Ƿ㰡
ôܹ˵޳ܣ˵ĲҪȻ÷ࡣ
ϺзϵѪɷȫܸܵղĹѪȣ֮ǰƨħѾҪٿǵصҹսϣĳױˡ
ʲôƨȻ÷ࡣ
һӣսлս⣬ʿսʿˡ
£ʵֲ̫ˡ
ܿճĻֱҹ˸šһײ߷һ͡죬˸ʴġˮ֮£𣬷ĲҽγɵĽ磬
ҹ׷ϣȻֱӾʧˣˣˡ
һڣµ鷢ˡ
ϺзϣͿʼɢһϢϢܿ£ҹĶ֮һǳѬ죬ⶫǴϱ淢ģǴڹðġ㣬Ӧ˵

һΣսϵʿսʿ൨֭Ҫ³ˡ
Ĵܣǲ졣
췢һŭ
ţһʹȥУһľ
ѣ
󣬾Ϳȥ˽ȥȥûлʹȥʿһһιȥ̻ʣ˾ժǣ޵нͬʱ֣ϵĳЩʿȥ
һֻֻһ챦ѹγǻ棬ǲҲ̶á
ֵǮıͨͨŹٶȱѹιȥ
ĸв֪ʲôʱ򣬷ֱóһֻɫĿڴϵýڴװȥǿڴ֪ʲôĿռƺ൱޴󣬲ܶٶװȥװ
ֻڴ·޵׶ѹһб
ʵʩߡ
ľǹӽ壬ڷɨ
ǻ棬Ҫ󿴵󶼻ᡣ
ˣˡ
֪ôףѾôһˡ
Ĵܴӽ쿪ʼؽ¡¼䣬˭᲻֪Ĵܵͷ
˾ժǣ̻һѹΣһ˷ܵ۾ڷŹ⡣
ϺзЩϺзԣںУУôҲһЩϱҲв٣Ʒײߣʤࡣ
ЩʿϣǾǳԵ챦
Ӳսѹһ顣
ţѹ󣬷׷׽ŵĨͣʧ
Щ˵ʵʱ䲻ڶ̶Ƭ֮䡣
ܿɫɢ
ս³ǰ
ܿЩϺзϵս׶͸Ӳ˵ѹεıȹ˻Ҫɾ
У
һ̣ܱߵʿǵһϸֳǿҵĺ֮ɫ
ңԼ֮ǰûмĳսҪȻٵ˵Уǵһݡһ뵽пܵľĶǲǿҵĿ־塣
л׻ʡ
ﳯгϿҵĵл
ոյĻĿãǱսУҪЩۻĶ޷ǻɶôӰ졣
ҹ㣬ȥ㶼ᱻȾ
Ǿ֮ͶѣĴܿɲôǵġ졣
Ц˵еҪǰȥһ£ȴٻ빫һͬ硣
㣡
ûЦ˵
һε飬Уеӡ
˿ɻҵΣһ䣬ǰâһռһţԭʧ

˿̣Ĵһ׻ɽ֮У⺣׻ɽûбɽҲо޴Ŀռ䡣˿һۼһ𣬿ǰֻɫ󲼴ϵЦݣЦ۾
̡
εջʵ̫ˡ
öǺöûǮƣһֻţôȫ䵽СޱǷ¸ѽݾȥ˷ܴ˴˫֣ͣǼϸš
۾ð⡣
ǰдĿ졣ķˡ֮׹ܲã˵˭ҲôΪʲô֮ǰᱻҵοɲٳˣҪҵĿ϶жǿߡֶΣδܵס
˾ժЩǵ˵
õģ֮ǰ⣬ʩչȫʵټҵıԿû˭ǵλáһʧ
ȥ˵
ɫʮš
ʱ̻һ̹⡣âУһɫĹƾճͷ
ţռš
Ŀ£˾ժǣȥɫ䡣ʱôпռųͷ򿪡
ʶľҪߡ
ڿռųʱֻһֻɫĻг֡
ڳֵһɲǣܷҽֹˡռ·̡


1152 ڳԺ
ֹˣеһжֹˡ
ʱ䣬ռ䡣ﶼ
̻ʻ޵нǣһֹĽ״̬֮Сǣ屻ʶֹ޷Ժ˼ȴ޷κεķӦôĹ졣
Ϊʲôˣȫˡ˭ôôϤ
˾ժԺзź۾һ̧ۿյΡ
ռţˣȻӡǣҪʲôΧĿռʱ䶼һķңҪҸưɡҪҲҪư͹
̻ʼֱҪ裬ڿ
ѽ±ˣĻǳûȤ
Ҳĸ֪޵ġ
ǿʱǿȫûа취ѡ޵нҲӿֳһ˿ԵĿ־壬ͰƳ򷨣ǣڶˣƵͨӲҪ˵Եп켶ʱͨ
Ǿ͸ӿɲ
ˣҪץˣǿ϶ȫˡ
ȥĵװԲҽС
ʱԿһֱֻƾմӿռ̽˳Űڷ̻ǰֻɫڴץ˹ȥƺһ㶼ûܵʱ֮Ӱ죬׾ٵľͽɫץУȻ󣬾ô̻ǰһ㳯ſռ˻ȥ
ҵı
Ҫ˭ôȱ£Ҫǵı
ڳԺڣ˭ɵģҵıðŵ壬ʿǿ߲ŴٵıȻôˣҪһֻһֻڴ
̻ĿԼװĿڴߣһ۾ҪǸоʹൽ£ȫ޷ܵʹǾãԼĶҪˡ
ʹʹ
ϧֻӿռֱ˿ûͣٵ˼ȻĽڴȫߣȻֻɫʧˣռҲһ˲䲻
ſռŵʧ̻Ҳָжƿس׻ָ붼룬һʱͳſռڵλ˹ȥģȻһա
̫ˣʵ̫ˣһëûи£벶ȸں󰡣ǺڳԺڣ̫صˡ
ȥɫڵĸһֱǺڵĲٺڡȫû뵽Ȼ˻ʱº֡
֣ʵ̫ˡ
һë¡
ΪʲôҪôԴʣǿƴռıʮһҲð̻챯ڿռʱѾ²⵽ֺڳԺڵĵ˭ֻвʵҵټҲֻʱնΪֹ֮߱޿κΡ赲

̻ʻʱгһžͿһ̻ʵǰ
ڿǼʱ޵н˾ժǣһŴͣ¶һּΪŹֵı顣
ǡͷ
̻۾㶣ǰģȻһͷڹͷ滹ż˿ʮˡ̻ʵƢܵˣͱŭָƿڴеıȻ͸ӸͷҲ̫ȱ˰ɡҪҧ㣬һҪҧ㡣
ź̻ʺԥһҧǿͷϡһһڣͷķ飬βʣȫ̳ȥ
ģ·ǿ˲ĳˡ
ããûнʼıͼƬһҲûзŽڴûбߣǲеҡڿⱦͼƬӦоſ飬ϵһѾǸˣִҵ飬һ飬ĿͿԼˡļأֻҪռıͼͻŴһֱͨͨӵִ
˾ժһµ˵
ֻҪܽʼ꣬ڵЩʲôȫǲֵһᣬݴ˵п̺޾ıء챦
ȥҲͬ
ڶѾˣȻҲоʮֵıʹֻٱʹҲ޷ıּȶʵ

ս⡣
еƾճ֣·ع
ѣ
Цԣѯʵ
ϸȥսϵɫѾʧ
ֻһƬǽ壬ȥǴĿġʿԴ϶ӡǣңɫ԰ףµǻڵءҲ̶á
µǣЩʿսʿһȫɢµĶ
ԴԴϵɢܡ
˶ˣӲҪ˵Լ
ȫ޷ܵġȳһ޲õȥĶһĪĥ
ڣԵģܸоĳɢĶʱƣڲϵļֻҪһʱ䣬϶᳹ʧʱȻһжָܻ
ҲУڵһʱͱߡ
ҪȥǶĲˡ
ĴȻûɱˣʹֶȴʮֵĶģĴܿԶ
΢΢ҡͷ˵
һս̻ǵķ
ңԼĴºţ磬˾ժǣ֮ƨȥ֮Ϊ̻ʱ޵нҲһҹͷ
˵ĸѾһսķ˲֪˲ĵز
ǵĴºҲ֪ʿǵļɵж
ƨڲҹ
¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ
治֪̻֪ԼĴºŵĻ᲻ᵱ쭡ʲôºܹôČš
ﲢȫĴʱп֣ܳȻ£̫ġںһ£뿪ףϾѵõľ覴ҪͲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱˡ
Ц˵
һЩ׵⡣
˲ûмս϶
һȷʵӣմȾε顣óʲô⣬֦ġ
뷨ģԲܿ˿дǿٶȥ
ԭȶͷֱӱ
ʲôЦ
ûпĴʱЩڴԾԾԵģڿЩͷȫûˡ
Ĵֱܼǿֲ¡
һƨһħһ÷డ
ЩҪԼϣ˭޷ǻǶôµĻ档ʵǿԸȥۻ֮ȫɱһǧ˰١˭ҳȥ
ǾһµµجΡ
֮У嫺˵ǲȻŭһ£Ϻз˷׷ֻҪΧ֮ڣǾڵߣҪҳͽߡ
һĶľ֡
֪УʱѾȻš
һƬ޴ɺС
ƯɺɢӨı⡣
һֻֻˮĸƮɢһ⡣ԵλãѤ
η֮ϣܹܵĶռһЩйӥͥѶϢߣٶǲǰ֮ǰһὫ׻ʳڵ½أɨһ顣óֱ嵶顣
ǰȻѾš


1153 ɱ˷Ż
ߵնΣܹս٣Ȱˮ֮СɫȻ˵ٴʱԸھǰΪһ衣
һ˫ĿУͻȻ䣬̧֣ϵɴҿ
ҲĿϣһգգƺ´κһ˲䡣
ɴ¡
ΧζˮˮĸͻȻô㶣·ʩչ˶ױһεΰֱͦͦĵںס

˾޾׵
ǲѾǣǹӵľĶǣֻҪͲԾӿֳĽĽΪ֮ʧɫ¶Ϊ֮޹⡣
ʵ̫ˡ޷ݡ
ص컯ѹҪɴǲȻߵ޷ĺ䶯
Ҳ޷ݵ֮гһ˿㱣ڣߵŮӶǾɫˣǣ־͵õ˲Ϣͻָ
㱣֪ʿչֳյĻɶôµӰ졣ɴҲǱ鷳
ŮΪüݣȻҪòкá
Ц˵漴ٴδɴ
תǵŶȥ
ƮȻߵѣ
ӥ𣡣
һĨƶ
漴̤С
һתȻӺзأڻʳ֮ڣԭ뿪ʱľС
ˣʵȻɲⰡŪһܾ˴ΰ˿ηɲʱһεջˡ
аԶʵɵʱҲʼڴεջ
Ҫ֪̻ǿǴһĸʿԼľʿֻڴУһʾ˵ĲƸ֮ǰûʱȥ鿴ȴӿֳĺġ
붼룬óֻɫڴ
ڴҲ򵥣˵Ǵ͵Ŀռһ㶼Ϊ̺ռ䣬ң̺Ŀռ൱޴ÿһֻвһôɵıȫԶѻɽûھв鿴ΪҸͲɵôı
һ䣬ѾС
ȻһֻɫڴУյһ

һУȻԿҫ۵ıӿڴţ챦糱ˮڵ档ѻɽǶѻɽһɲǼ䡣ͶѻĸСɽࡣ
ɱ˷ŻŻû˵̻һõջ治һľ޴󡣾ˣǾ˰
аզ࣬⻹֧ڴڵһֻҪֻڴȫǹģضӾ޴
ԥĽֻڴеıﵹ˳
һʱ޴ıɽǰ
ˢ
ٴλּ䣬һķļ̨ǰ
ھ̨õʱˡ
а૵
ﱦڶ࣬ѻɽȻҪЩϸһ顣ǲи챦Ҫ֪ϴٵʿУܶ඼ǸʿǰЯֱӲҪ˵Ǵıܶ౦Уûж¶
˿̣ȴͨͨС
˵ЩУȫпŸֶ챦
ˢ
ǫ́Ƚһʽս׷ŵ̨ϡϸȥôϺϴŵսʮơ
Ȼڼ̨ϸֳ㱦⡣
ϺսףʽսסһƷսףϺϺΪҪϣںϺʯԸֲϴϺʼʱ۳Ϻս̥ϼҹԪɳɱǿԵֵƽͨϾͨϺϣѪսõΪҡ
ֻһɲǼ䣬Լ̨Ͼ͸ֳһ֡
Ƕս׵ļ
ȻսƷײߣҲͣ˵һײεķֵϾͼʿĹŲС
ϺԼսףӦƣջ۲̽ȥϧֻϺ˵ϺѪܲ޴ãԣþͲˡս׵Ļۻֽ⣬ԡ̫࣬óȻ֣Ӳܱ¶ݡ
ϺսΪеһʽսףʣһûйϵҪǳǧǾͻΪ⣬һע⣬Ǿͻ鷳Ϻıսף׼ǲܽ˵ġҪǱ嫺֪
Ǹ߱ˣԼĴһġ
ڿɲǸʱ
Ҫ̾ͺˡЩսףȫԳ۸̡
пʼЩԶˡЩ̿ɲǴģֻҪǱǾͻչʵ̡
ֽһս׷ȥ
֮ǰϺս׿ϸᡣһȴɢһֺذԵ˸˿˿ںڵĽ
̨Ϲâһ
漴ֳ㱦⡣
зսףʽսס׾ƷսףԾззΪҪϣںϺʯԸֲϴзʼʱ۳зս̥ϼҹԪɳɱǿԵֵƽͨͼͨзϣѪսõΪ˳ҡ
һȻзսס
սҲ׷ֻƷϱϺսҪ̫߳࣬˵ȫһϡϺףзؼסǶս඼
εĿߵĵλࡣ
ңзս׵ֻ࣬һ
ҲϺսһֱóĶ
ȷţԺ˵
ּ䣬ٽϺսףзսףʿʽȫֳ
ò˵治١
ЩսױҲռǰＫٵһ֡
ȷŵһߡ
ٴλּ䣬ѾѱзָͬһСĿ
ֽˮ徭ʹõĻң鱴ȵȣָ
ЩʲôģֻͨıȥҲʲô鷳ȫԵʯһǿΪƷ
û̫⡣
һڼ̨ϡ
һƬ
ƬСг˵ԴƬϹճصɫ·̺ĵԼ䣬ܸܵѹ
ͷƬͷɱʱۣÿǧƤۣÿͷֻһöƬƬ̺ͷ߾̺ܷ֮֮ͨΪ֮ۡӲޱȣƳսףƣľǿ̺ǿı֮ϡƱԷͨʮϡ󡣶о޴棬ѪѪ֮
һѶϢǰ
ʣƬͬСɣʮ
ͷˮУ˵൱µһ壬֮ſͷ­ɱУֻҪһͷ­նϵͷ­ܿٻָǿ


1154 Է֮Ȫ
ľͷǿߣǸ岫ɱĿ´ڡſͷ­ܹƿؾͨǴﵽܹƿؾǶôµ顣ֹͨһԷӳ˿־ƻԣںУͷߣǶΧ֮
ͷߵƬÿһöޱȣ̺һǿĵϡ˵ڵϷĶıϡ
öһƬѾȴ󲿷ֵķҪĸƬķȫн鱦Ǳǧ𲻻ⲻ֪һλʿıձҡ
аϲ
ⶫ棬ȫ͸ߺȻߺѪƷ׼ߣҲһСС档
Ƭٴηһ
ǺȻһ顣
ƣճ
̫ϸӦ澭ʿɱΪļʣɴ֮£֮Ϊͳ֮һͬɱʿͬԻΪ⹦֮һ
Źǰ
УҲɵһ˿𺳡
ĹŹ˵ĸ֮һֻеմ´͵ʸлõڡ
һŹ˵ǴӰŪֵġĹֻаӵУû뵽Ȼᱻϣֱӱ̻ʸˣ䵽ҵСùôУԳΪһŵۻʹ
аԾ̾
һŶ⹦Ǿ伶ĹڲؾУ֮ģ˵ָԲ࣬ϡޱȡ
ĹκţԳΪڹȥ˵Щ鷳Ⲣзؾ֮ڡ
жԽӵڴ
̨ٶȼ죬ܶ඼ͨкܶǺеһЩĵرһЩͨıﶼֳ
ȻҲһЩƷ
磬овϡҩݡ
ݣ򣬶ңĹЧɫͬλð㣬˸âÿ곤һҶ߿ɳɳҶǿ˹ЧܽⶾǿΪƷסؽƷ
ݣ֮أң֮أؼ䶫ɳֳ̺֮ͨɫҶӣΣÿһƬϵȵҩƵҩǿͻƾת죬ϴ衣ƷסƷ
Ѫ飺Ȼʯ飬ڹҶ֮УһȻʯ飬ʯǧѪʯѪʯȡؾѪҺ壬ÿһζ̺˼ҩҺѪ˪̷ΪǿѪǣУɴǹ룬ͭǡɷǧѪѪ顣Ʒס׼Ʒ
һּΪҩΪħ
ħ˵ֻΪа񣬳а֮ĵطŻոаɷ֮ħаȵȲõϢɣνа֮Уɳ֮أеаħᱻգȴĹЧƷ֮аѹĬȴпֲħ֮ħǿΪħ۳ħģ۳ħ졣Ʒסɽ׼Ʒ
ֻⶪʧħʿҪ̻Ǻ޵ȥˡ
пħʱҲɰЦЦ
ʵҲȷʵˣ֪ʿڷ̻ĸ޲ó⣬Ѫ
ЩҩЩ̺ģûԥȫ뵤С
ֽȥ
ڵڣӵеĸҩѾʮֿɹۣħȥõڵٴεõţЩҩݣ߲ܣʮֵϲá
ʱһ챦ڼ̨ϡ
Ǽ챦ƺһֽ챦
Ȫˮ
жʱһ˿Ȥ
챦ǿǶƣǾԲ̫ࡣ
ϸȥȻǾһȪˮֻȪˮ̺صĵϷͨ͸ӨĿãԾ
Է֮Ȫ챦Ȫˮ̺һȪˮŮֻҪӽһȪˮȪˮŮͻóͬƷʸߵĶǲȥģѡ˵ʵ˵ѻѡش⣬ȷõԹÿֻʹһΡܳɹʧܡ
̨ϸֳһ֡
ѶϢбƽɫΪ֮һ䣬¶֮ɫ
Է֮ȪȻҲܴڣѡ˵˵ʵ񻰴˵챦
Ժһͷ
Է֮ȪĹ£ڻ֮Уû˭ǲ֪ġһΪ㷺Ĵ˵Է򽫸ͷȪˮУȪˮŮóͷͷԷڵõ滰ΪʵƷ£ͷ
ʣ챦ʮǿ
ڿԶԱǿƷʡ
ȪˮͨȪˮǽ֮ˮ̺ǿĽ֮
ȪˮŮʵԷ֮Ȫ顣
Ҳû뵽ϻܴıֱ̫˼ˡ
ƺЩͬȪˮŮ񲻽пѯʳʵԣпܿ⣬𲻳ǾʲôòĳǾͿԻȪˮŮ
һָƣңܲϱǿ
رԵرԷ֮ȪӦû伫ޣ޽ǿЩܻʧЧ
һȻϲȴûȫšҿ϶Է֮ȪҲûа취ƳǿıҪԷ֮Ȫˡ
ĳһ£޷֪Է֮Ȫôġ
һ¡
һȻһֻʹһΣҲûбȥԺп˼ţҪʲô̽ͨƷųϾһһεĻ̫ѵãԲ˷ѣҲóıҪȻҪûˣ޵ĵطûС
ҪϸȨ⡣
Ǿ
ûжãһ䣬ֻһĳᦳǰ泤ϣܿصķ˸òݣĿãһǿҵΣϢ
һ棬Ȼмıᦣ
Щ꣬ճҲû¹ÿ춼׫дЩ׫дķûóȥȫ뵽Уոһգ긴һ£֪浽״ŶٷѾһ֣ﵽǧ֡
˵ѾһǧᦵĲΡ
еͽ׷Ҳв׵ƷڷϵļգǴġ
ǷģľǴԡ
ֻһֱûжùʼյһƷĹ߶ѡ
Ƶġ
ֻƳķƷһ£Ὣó
ڿԷ֮Ȫһ˿ĿԷ֮Ȫһ

һ޳ɣּ䣬Ѿ価ȪˮС


1155 Żҽ
ˢ
Է֮ȪУųһ߲ʹâһ޾ִһ˿ȪˮŮȪˮи֡УѯʵոտȪˮС
ǻ綣Ȫˮ峺
ң
кԥ˵
泤𣿡
ȪˮŮйâһȪˮóһ˳ᦡ
óģȻһϢ֮ǰóᦸǿķᦣܿڷϣֳصķһĪ⣬ɢϢ˫ƺƷʱ֮ǰһ
ǣ
΢³һȴоһ˿죬ԼȻ泤ϸоԼӡֻϵƺӡסԽȡҪȪˮŮԼ裬ûУҪȻһжȻ
һǲء
ȪˮŮйâһٴγһᦣܸоһɢǿƺʱпܵ߸һУХһС
ǣһҵᦣ뽫ҡ
йâһȻ˵
û紫˵񶨵ĻشԷ֮Ȫ챦ڹϣѾͨԷ֮Ȫͬʲô˭˵ʵ˵ѻ˭޷ȷһȷġ
ʵϣв˵ѡ
ϣ̺ͬӡ˵ķһ㶼ûд˭ܷϡ
˵˻ѣⲻģһ
ȪˮŮƽ˵ּ䣬ȻԿǰٴγᦡһиոȥģһǵһóǱϣȲһбҪǿ
϶ҵԪӡǣ֤ᦶҵġ
ûκһ˿ƵζûУƽ˵
Ԫӡǣ⻰ûë
ȻֻҪܻشҵһ⣬Уѡһǻش𲻳ǾʲôûС
ȪˮŮеĻûйᣬֱ˵һ仰
ش⣿˵ã⡣
ҪǰߣһⲻܽȳţȳҽšΪʲôҪֻšȪˮŮУ³һ⡣
ȳŻȳҽţ
ȳţΪʲôȳҽţȳҽţΪʲôȳţ⣬ƺҲ𰸡
пһȪˮŮͻȻЦ˵óҲóȣΪûȣֻβͣƮġ
ԿȪˮŮ£ʲôȣûһ˫ȣֻһ͸ˮ۶ɣβһ°ڰգߣȫƮ
ԣȳȻȣǴΪûȡ
ȻҲᡣ
ѡһ
ȪˮŮһۣ漴ȻʧûȪˮС
ͬʱȪˮϣţƺڵȴеѡ
ѡȻҪԥ
ԥѡǼΪǿᦡ
ˢ
ѡȻȻĻΪ⣬СΪȪˮУʧ
챦췵졣
õᦺвһ˿𺳣ӿֳǿҵľȡ
ǵģܸоеѾòͬˣǰƳķǺ취Ǳϣûа취챦ġ鱦ĻҪķӴԴ޴ľһɡ
챦Ǳ챦ڱĳ̶ֳϣ鱦̥Բ
ΪҪҲѡ
ȴӺ췵죬ֱǻΪ档
תص컯ֶΡ
ݴ˵ֻŮеʯǬת컯Ϊ졣ֱӽ鱦鱦ʮֵ档
Է֮ȪȻҲת죬Ϊ졣Ƕô˼顣
ֽ졣
˵ھһ챦
Է֮ȪļֵҪһˡת컯Ϊ죬ȻһʹһΣ޷봫˵еǬȣ޷ļֵǹ屦
¶һ˿Цݡôû뵽εĺڳԺУܵõıò˵βμʿڸУǴġеղأ˾̾ϵĶࡣ
һһΣõĺãȫԷӳԹ
ڻҪᦵɱʲô
ⱾıԪӡȻľ֪ᦵı仯
֪Щ仯Ҳɸֳһ˿ǿҵ𾪡
˼飬ȻﵽֵزǻΪ档ת컯
аԵһ
ᦣǷÿһרҵƷʦƵķƽʱǻıʹӵ£ӱʹչֳ
˵ġ
磬ڷдķԼƳķңʩչ󣬷ǻʧģĵģһžһţһ㣬ζġ
ζţƷʦƴɱƴɱľǮƣԼҡԼƷա
ҪȫһգǷҲͱһְ衣
˿̣Ȫˮеõ󣬲ɱ졣ңᦷԵɱ䣬ĽƳֱ仯˵Ӻơ
ᦿӵдַԷ߶ԴԴӷͬƷ׽ΪƷƷ
ᦿзõƽΪһΪؽΪΪı
еõѶϢӿֳԵľϲ
ɱ䣬һ¾ͽᦵļֵս׵߸
ǰûа취ȡԷһáȴԣȻҪķͬѰ
ʲôǾ챦ķֻķ뵽У׵Ϊһ塣ֱ˴ˡᦵ˲ֹԳΪĴɱ
ңǲҪ˼ɱ򡣾ͷ·Щᦱһ塣Уǲȫ
֮ǰһЩǰ޷ںϣοԡ
ûԥһ䣬ǰռȫǰ
ֶһԵ챦ҲпʹöΡǷΪǿġǷ塣
ӵеȻ
Щͨ;۵вʮö
Щǿֻռ챦ͷѣʹһΣԱʮڱ
ںϣ챦ʵ̫ˣӲԤ㡣
һöɫ
öϷ⡣
ڷϣܿһöҵĻȼա


1156 ʯ֮
ڻУܵһִĻ淨򣬵ȻĻ淨ֻǷһ֣һС֣˵Ǳɽһǡ⹹ɻķģȴġȻȻģܹͨؼĻ֮ڱʱӳƻԶѰĻ
Ȼǿ󲻵ȥ
񺣾Ͼʿ˵вɶͼεǿ˵ͻôǿˡ
Ⲣܸıһ챦ݡ
챦ֻժ¥Уȴʿѡߣȴӵһֹ鴦
붼룬ö챦ᦿȥ
ˢ
ڿһɲǣͬʱųһŨ⣬ܵںһֹ̣ȫȻȻٶȼ졣
ںˣ˼򵥡
Ҳڵһʱܵ仯
ԿϣֳһöĻʮ貣ȣӵʵңᦵһ̣ԵõӡõеĽƶʼǿҪࡣ
һ̣оԼͨᦣ޵ʩչң൱ǿֻҪԪܹ֧ŵס޵ͷųΪ򣬺ɱˣ̨
ͬʱУԭȵĻƺΪ챦ں£˲Ʒʴ׷׽Ʒ
ȻõѶϢһĿԪ߶챦ճɷ
ᦹע߶ҡһ£ʱͿһö̴СĻƾճ֣ڵϣʱõһӣңָܵѡܸܵеĳϢ
ǿᦵ£嵽ͼʿһ࣬ͼҲ֧Ųס
ںϣͨͨںϡ
޳ɣٽǰ챦ȥ
ʱԿ˸ɢԽԽǿʢ
ʮְԵˡ
𻷷׶ٷзշܷٷݷˮˮзѻܷ߷ܷìззܷзηˮܷˮ߷ݷش̷ľٷȵȡ
ʮ챦׷뵽С
з಻ӡ
ؼǣЩɸǧٹֵĹ
磬𻷷ٷںһ𣬿ݱ֣
໥ϣܷӳǿһ𣬾ǧ򻯡Ī⣬κһϣݱȫµս
һе챦ȫ뵽кҲ¶һ˿Цݡһ֮ϲ
һ䣬ջڡС
Ҫ׼㱦ʱȴ֣̾ڵĺͻȻˣɢһǿƾռ䣬һھͽᦸɽȥ
ںˡⱦᦶŹ
пҡҡͷ
Ҳ⣬Ժ췵죬Ѿ챦ǱôܲںϣΪп
롣
һȻᦳһƬкڣ裬Ϊһ⳯˷ȥ
ʱȫ֪֮࣬ټ챦ԴԴϵӷĳܵĻ硣
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ʱܵĻ糹׿ʼ
򣬷Уߣѻϵڻ˺ѡ
ػˮ硣
ƬƬĿռ䱻ٳ
һΣᦿ˵ʮֵĸӲĿٳԲǧӴΧȫܸܵᦵǿ󹥻ƻ

ɱ䣬ڶʮŲ㡣
ΪһӵжʮŲı
ڿռ˲Ϣ䣬ѾŵԲĴС
ᦸɱ䣬ס
ڷﵽ
ЩвٴοʼЩ
м̨ڣٶȼ졣
ʱд
ͻȻ䣬һֻϻڼ̨ϡ
ڼ̨ϸֳɫ⡣
ر⣬ʲô
жʱ档
ϸȥڹâУϻеƷɼһ˸Žľ޴ʯ
ʯ֮⣺ʳľ֣ȫʳ֮۶ɣ籦ʯһ㣬ɢ⣬ؼζʳʳģʳģ̺żΪǿһȥԶʿ˼ĹЧ׳ܴٽѪԻؼʳ顣ζϵļ顣ûκܹܱʯ֮ջ
ڼ̨ϵѶϢӳУ඼ھ
ʯ֮⣬ȻǱʯ֮⡣
ؼʳ
ʳģҪκ⿼ɣͿԴƷζ
ңʯ֮Դ
ǣϣѪǿĽ֮ųţпϾ͵õпѪ͵õ
ʯ֮Աʯ֮ޡ
ʮϡѵãϡޱȡ
û뵽ﾹȻһ顣
Ҫ˵ʳϸʮǱʯ֮ʳϸϣƷʳ
һȻ仯
ֻһ룬ѾоڵʳϸڷǿҵĿ޲ǿ鱦ʯ֮ȥ
Ҫһһʱ䡣
Уĳʦĳ鱦ʯ֮⣬Ļܲ˷鶥ʳġǲܵõµ顣
ĪĿӱʯ֮ƿ鱦ʯ֮κⶼҪ󣬸ӵζԲܾô׸ˡһ¡
һƽٴ
Уֲַ챦
ûбʯ֮ǿҵ𺳡
»صС
ţһ̤˲Ϣ䣬Ѿһߴĸ¥ǰ
¥ɢһֶصǹ⣬Լ䣬ܻȺ֮дһ˿
¥֮ڡ
һƬ޴Ĺ㳡
̧ȥͷȻһƬ޴ǿա
ǿܿһööǳڲϵ˸ķ裬ƺûκεĹɣʮ档
ժ¥ÿһ㶼һƬǿգǳǱֱժ¥ͻữΪһööһǳСޡŲժ¥ǾƬǿա
ܿıǿѾγɹģ
̧ȥжٱڡ
ʵ̫ࡣ
ЩУЩͨĵرЩдСҪժȡҲҪƾı¡
һ죬ｫĲر⡣ΪĿ
ƶ˵
ּ䣬ıѾٳ֡
ڳֺһεЩϡ
գۼ䣬бﻯΪһǹ⣬ǿУΪһööСǳЩֱӷߣǿС
һɹǳ֮ǿУԴԴϵ뵽УǱĬĴűƷʡ


1157 ƻ
治챦иɴƳķҩȵȡ
ֽͽȥʱܿǿеǳ˲øܼǿУЩʱƣƷʻ᲻ϵɱ
һժ¥еı֮вû̫תȥ
ЩﶼģҲ׻ʳģһ죬ǻᱻѡߡｫΪʿĿеϱ⡣
ɫǹá
صʹûгɣǽ̨ںһںϺѾӵм챦ټѶϢ㣬ǼƷףֱӿȷļֵΪ䶨ۡ׼ȷңݷ㡣ֱų̈зǧκҪĵطԱ
ֽԷ֮Ȫ뵽ƳС
ѡںϵλþڻʹ֮ڡ
Է֮Ȫʵ̫ǿˡܽԺ췵ֵǴﵽ޿ɹĵزֻںڻʹУܱ֤յİȫ
һһΣȫԽȪˮúɱ챦һȫѡ㹻ǿķɱ챦ᦡᦵʵɱ䣬ԽԽǿ
ֻԷ֮ȪһãֻҪгʱ䣬ȫƥ켶
ֽ뵽ƳСҲڹƽ֮ڡ
ټûеǿܲеټ
ػʹ󣬽˲ɻ˹
ѾУû飬һ˵˵强Ȼ˯ȥ

ƽԭ
ͥƽС
˿̣һڣܿŴǿߡ
Уλ棬ŵģÿһߡܿ峤콾ͯġɽǿɽ壬Ҿ峤ȣֵģȫܱڣǿߣĶǿߡ
һ𣬷вͬѰ鷢
λȻܹǾζţҶ־ͬϣйͬĿ꣬Ǿǡ׻ʳɨǿߣ˵ݿɿϢΪ嫺Ƭ֮ڣӵд½أ죬ǺлŸˮΪ𡣶ңѾʼ嫺ͼʼе½زڷաݱ֪׻ʳ׻Ѿõһݺͼ
ۿеӰҲȻܲ²⵽ʱϺ޹˼ɵĻңУֻû˿
ͼһеС
˭޷һݺͼ
嫺嫺ͼȻиӹء
Ҿ˳˵
Ҳǰμӹȷʵֺͼ׻ȷʵԿ϶ӵһݺͼҲ׵ͷ˵
˫ѾָײͨˣΪ峤ĵرӵе
˼ǣ׻ʳҪ߳Ƭ½أǰ½ء
ֻͯͬʱһĨɫԳΪ壬Ȼ̵ģǿǻ۵ĻԽһ㳣ˡ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿתͷɫһ˿ء
ڵɲһ壬С
Ƭ½ϣûκʸ񿴲С
˼ǣ׻Ҫ׼Ǹ䶯ˡ
ͯͫһ˵
⣬׻ʳ߳Ƭ½֮ǰ϶ҪƬ½أɨƽ½жԴ׻ʳвԣڣǰֻ·һǳڴ׻ʳԶܵ׻ʳѹƣڶ׾һսֳʤ
˵
еѡ񡣡
ζ˵Ǿǣ뿪Ƭ½ءǰ½أ졣
·ȻһУѾȷԼ޷׻ʳòѡ˱ᣬһּ
һĬ
׻ʳЩǴѹǾ޴ġңÿ춼ӡ
֮Уڲϵı׻ʳȴÿ춼ڱǿֲ࣬ջ£ںʱƣѾһգڡ
ڴһֿ־塣
󣬵õͼĴ׻ʳһֻͣƬ½أһ취߳ȥҪ߳ȥǾһԼĴӪ
֮˺˯
뿪Ƭ½أѡҲе·֮ǰҪֵĻδûлΌ׻ʳǽ״ݻ١
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׻ʳ£ǲѾôھƽԭҪк֣ҲҪھƽԭҾ˱˵
ƴ׻ʳһΣǴھƽԭϴ󲿷ֲͬʱ£ûжԴˣһһ򾡣ʧأһ겻
Ҫƴ׻ʳԲô׵¡
Ϊ֮ǰͥûв롣
ŵ˵ͥһ֣ͥУĴֻҪ֣ǿӵǿıֵܿΪؾֵܿΪǴսǵʵȴ׻ʳѷɫ
˵Ķ켼ĶʦؾĹѧǳ뻯Դֲ˼Ʒߡ
һ㣬ôеǿɫ΢΢һ
ƺһ˿Ȥ
ΪУҪƿѪǣĴ̫󡣳а취ܿѪǣ򣬴׻ʳ̩ɽ˭޷׺
ͯҡҡͷ˵
һδδսУѪǵ֪ĺ̫ǿѩŮıѩûа취ѪǵķݣǱһǼɽǿǾȫȥ˭Ըȥ
а취ƿѪǵıݷǵѪݲ谭
ԥ˵
ɫ¶ţܿа취ƿѪݡ
һʮ־ˡ
ǱʲôƻҪ׻ʳɱô
ʵ
λսпԿĳ׻ʳ޾κıƣÿжıӦԣʧȥԿ׻ʳΪ׻ʳȻǿȴ޵У׵ľǺǿ󣬿ҲֻҪѡúʵսǵȴѷɫȫ沫ɱ׷ֳʤսһ
ڱߵĺ峤Ͽ˵
дһ˿
濹ʵΪҪıƣΪ˵𵽸õЧ
µľܼսԵޱȣսϣɴģɱֻҪƽսϣնϴ׵һֱֻۡ
˵
׻ʳڸУֲܼļ꣬ÿδս£е˶ʧأȫûа취ԼѹƣȻᱻȫѹ·硣


1158 ң̺
Ҫ˵׻ʳļ꣬ҵؾһҲоЩѾƽİ취ۿżڹżУԨħߣԨħ̺֮һУ̺Ԩ磬̣ⴵھ̡ʲôֻҪͻᱻɽȥ
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ɫ䣬ʮֵţ϶ؾƳıԿӦԴ׻ʳ
ĻƵ׻ʳһǿĴɱ
ãֻҪЧǲϻǮƣͥԴԴϵĹ̵ʱڣ㹻ı
۾ʱһԥ˵
ѪɱɴΪѪǾӸ£ɱ̫Ǵ׻ʳѡѪսսʮֲпܣ뽫սѪ֮⡣
΢ٴ˵
һսǿԶ°빦á
ܹô׻ʳ뿪Ѫǣ߽Ҫս
ǿߣѯʵ
ô׵ľ뿪ѪǣͬζҪ顣ȻûѪǣ׵ľͬǿ£ֻܽϽ
׻ʳȻҪƬ½أǾͿ϶Ǹ֮ҪǣǾͱȻҪ̤ѪǣսѡѪ֮⣬ʲô¡Ψһ㣬ѡҪսǾ͸
һʳħǿЦ˵
׻ʳΪʮֿأ򣬲ʱڣԸóʳȡе²ūȫһ㣬սҪ򡣱磬Χһ򣬱Դ׷ԮѶϢôײòǲǰ
ĿһĨ⣬ͻȻ˵
УҪѡһսʲôѵ顣
ֻҪΧסһ򣬽Ϣݵ׻ʳǴ׾Ͳò־ԮҪǲӦǴľǴ׻ʳܵ׻ʳаյʿܵ
һֱΪĿ꣬Ϊ
Ϊ룬ֿԣʮָߡ
λֻҪ֣ƣ˭ӲΨЯֺס
һһսڱУ޿ɱ⡣ҲҪκν֮ġսʱпܵΨһģǽսȨУ֮ǿԷһСǴ׻ʳҲ޷ȡ
Уǿж˸Ĺâ
ȻεЩ̫ͻȻȴû˭ѡ˳׻ʳвʵ̫ˣѾΣвĵزпʱ

ϻĽ֮ϵԴʼһ𣬵ؾĶҼҹݵĽת
εڲӡ
ףʹС
жͤУһͷˮд㹳ܣһββ˶߮̽ҪԵ㹳ϵֻǣƺܸоһ˿Σգû³çĳȥ̳㹳
ͯվ
ϣֵ̽̽鵽鱨ܱ߸岿һʱ䣬ʼ˱䶯ڰнʲôıơ
Уƽԭ춯սʿڼϡϽ;ӪͥڲѵÿӪеսʿʮ򡣶ңǶϼѵΪƺʲôѾǲǿйעͥĶ򡣡
ͯʿ˵
Ǻǣ̲סˡʲôѵֻ°Ѿʼ岿䣬׼ҪҴ״սһսһǲĵġ
еȻһЦƽ˵
ûͣеĴԴйѾ֪һף滹иӹغټĺͼ֡ģҲܳĬȥ
Ҫˮһսһ
ͥĸôڲָոչȥûãﻹûг׻ָУǿܵСʧʳʣǴǴ׹ġʱ䣬ӦʵŶԣôĵս
ͯ¶ɻ
սʲôľǵ̣ƴľԴǮơ
Ҫ֪սͲ׾ܷġ
˳˵ˣһսǾ˳֮սһܣ˶ᱻԷɣ̺ĺʵ̫ˡʧܵĺп鶼ɵ״ݻ˳
ǸҶǴ׷𹥻ѪǱؽѪ¡ͯŵ˵
δػѡֱӹѪǣǣӦѪǵֶΡ
ƽ˵
ɲʲôöԸĶ֡
עͥĶκ춯㱨
ûж˵ͯȥ
ȥʱ׼ս
һֱӴȥ
ڼƳ壬Ҳͬһʱ䱻ٽУ̸һʱȥ

ʱһΣһȻš
ңǣ
ңУ˵ʵǲġңڳеİգҲ㻹ԣΨһһǣÿҪŮǳаΪڸһ¡
һ㣬ңǵͳ£аջܻȥлɰ»ɽѵľټ׾ټ׾Ѿﵽʮľ֡
аմֻʮڣһı
ܿңеİգϻǴһƼݵĲ԰ס󲿷ֶ
ֿɲǿЦġңǲû׻ʳĽ֮ڡȻҲңǽйһԮֻάֳаջ棬ڳԱʲôģɲ׻ʳܡԮǿͬΪϣܹܲĸãǾңԼ顣
ңǲûе̡
ڳлزΪң̺
̺ңóĶؼգټսµħ٣˿ߣҲ˿̺֯ڷ̺й󷨣γɽơ˳̺ڿɵķΣٶȻǺܿ죬ȴ㹻ƮݣңܽʡΪڳϣʮַ㡣
ֻ̺˿ںϽƣշе
ڲʱֱӻΪһ硣ӵƮݡԣңֱ̺֮Ϊң硣
Ϊ̺ΪزܴӴлȡٵʳңеټ׾ûֵܵӰ죬ɱżǿս
ԣңܱڣҲС
ң֣ܱҲİ
ڣֹȥңҲʼָ
տʼڳ⿪ѻĵأ׼ʳ
¡¡
һ죬ң׵Ĵһ


1159 Ī
ڴдġƺǧڵϷɳۡ
ܿܵɽУݿٷƺܵţܵĳֿµΣϢòܵӦѡշȥԶáд޳˷Ӵܳȥ
Уƺܿһ˿Ѫɫ
ڳ⣬ڸֵĴţͶͬʱա¶֮ɫ
ô£޳𡣵𶯾Ȼ˼ҡţ𾪵
ԣӦ޳Ϣ˵УݻޣܵشΪֹûг׻ָôܳ޳û޳̧ۿ֡
ãѵǵϮôߣôɺɫˣÿµϢҸоƺҪϢ
һ̧ۿԶ
ͻȻ䣬һɫ䣬Ŵ
ţһŭϮ죬Ͽȥǣǣǡ
죬ܡϿسǡ
һֻշĳųſ񱼹ȥ

һ𣬴һּ١ǳǽҵľӡ
ټ׾ٳϳǽԴ⡣
¡¡
ھ𶯡
ȻԿң⣬ھҺ𶯣·ҵ𣬼ǵضɽҡһɲҵɷ֮糱ˮϯնȾ졣
ǧڱڡ
ڳ⣬ѾһƽһƬƽԭ
һ㣬ңܵҰΪ»Ժ׵ĿܵΡǹǶ̱ӣսܶ˭ˡң⻹лǺӡһߡ
ҰҪǽҪĵһҪءңȻ⡣
ҪڴУ˭ұ֤ûÿʱÿ̶ҪΣա
һ㣬κ֮޷ܵġ
ңڳʵ㹻󣬾ֹܱߵľһգһƬյء
ڿġ
տܻسС
ϵǽϡ
¶֮ɫ
һƬУǴΣϢѾȻңĳǰóаյһ¶Ȼ֮ɫټ׾ҲΪ֮һ졣
ǣöǡ
ôǰЩǣսҪߴ
ǣ쿴ЩǵϣȻֳƬɢϢܿ£һǸǶ׿ӦȺУѪΪ塣
еľЩȫǣƤ񣬶ңٶȼ죬ڴսУ԰ɱͨսûа취ǰվȣӲҪ˵Ƿ档սϣȥ磬սϵ򡣡
еΪʲôƣ߲ƣѵҪң֡
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ǵģ
ңǾеľ
ȫǱǹѪǼž޴޳Ѫɫǵһȥһ˶ᱻ˲롣â޾ɷ糱
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ǣЩڳңȴȻֹͣھңһǧעңǡ
һ̬ûйǡ
ַȴóеİհһĭоһǿѹֱ޷ܡͺñǰԸٶһնʼսڲϣ˶ںܶ˾͸оǸһ
ѹ
飡
һ󼱴ٵĽŲУȻԿһֺӰٳڳǽϡ
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ģа»ɽһսףܿϢʵס
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Щ꣬Ϊ׻ʳĵλؼ˶ǣٲǰ׸Ѫʳûж޼ɵ¾壬д˲١
Χңǵ飬ôӦ÷
ңǿûʲô飬ӲҪ˵塣
λ彫֪ңʲôطλҪǲѹŪôơʲôֻ֮Ҫ˵ңһһ
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Уһ˿
˵ʵڣȻһ֮ԳңӸ˵һ˿ЩһЩɵ׌˿ıԻ޷ȫĥ
ǰ⻭棬˵̫¡
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ڳ⣬һǱϣθߴˣͨëɫģ¹ࡣֻ˿䣬ӵġ˿־塣
ңɱǣΪǣɱǾǶƣɱһֻǣգһǣ֪˭壬³
ҹǼ£
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ʲô
̲ס¶һ˿㶣漴ӿֳһǿҵķŭɱһֻǾҪңǵİᣬҪǣʮգǽڣңһĪаĽڡ
ǌ˿Ɍ˿ͬƢ˿֮ģϮһС
Ƿûдңǣ»·
ֻĪеΪңǺ۸ôҪǣпʮգǣǵͲ´׻ʳŭ𡣡
ɫѿ˵ɫһ˿ŭ
Ǿô׻ʳƾǣҲĶ׻ʳ
սЦ˵ƺһ˿ⶼûС

ݼҪҧ飬ԴӴʲôʱ׵ĶǣǶԴ׻ʳƣ˭ҪһӡǸҶǣǴ׾͸Ҷ岿壬ݲ
ҹǣ
ս˵
ֱӻعսУվ⡣
УһɹѹԴԴϵϯ
ȻǲߣĴҹһͶңǷ𹥻ǣһСҪóѪɺӡ
ô졣
ڳŰ»ɽѯʵ
ƾǵʵ޷ֵֹǵɱ¾Ψһѡ񣬾ǡ׻ʳԮͬΪķϣײܻ᲻ܡ
»ɽЦ˵
ʮѡءѾΨһһ·


1160 ̨
ǲ֪һ㡣
ֻһ׻ʳԮҲζţңֻҲûа취ΪΪ׽֮ڣʮа˾ŵ飬׵ľӣģҪռͬΪϣֻ´׻ʳͽң뽮֮ڡ
ô᲻֪ңеİգ۴׻ʳڴ׵İգǶĽʣĵҪѹƣֻͰͲü׻ʳΪ׵
ʵǣ׶ܱյ̫
ǣӵгΪʿʸ˶ԳΪʿңڴУаնϣϵĻţҲϵȥܻء
ڴ׻ʳУһЩˣΧɳԡ
ǽ뿿ͻᱻɱ
ԮңԺҪˡ
޷赲ġ
»ɽĬһ£Щڴ˽ļȻңңڵӣԲ̫ܳãײһǳڴ֮⡣ֻǣֶβֵԴҰԵĲҪġûˣһǣЦѡ
ңͬҰ
»ɽҲµµΪӹšң׻ʳȣһǰ;ӹȻԶ׼ġֻһֱҪңǣʵۣټϣǺܺãȻлйǵģ˵ˣͳֵĺͫ|һ»λȨصĵλ
֮ȣԼʲô
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ΪһѾǲòȣңδزܽ˻ᣬֱף׻ʵıԣԲй֮ġӺܶ࣬Ͷ׻ʳ֮ɿȳ֮λңչǰԶ֮ǰǰǣǱ뱣סңеʮա
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һ챦
Ϊ̨
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Ѫɫ֮УȻֳһĻ档
ңǵľͬܿңʮΧĻ棬ǹɱ־塣
УֳѪɫĴ֡ңǱ˴ΧҪǣ׻ʳԮңԸ˳ס
ǵе壬Ǽ֮⣬һۿӳУȻеĺ塣

׻ʳ
Ѫǡ
ڳϣӵдرأÿѲӣѭݡκεɳ֮
˿̣Ѫϣһʿ׷̧ۿԶ
һ̳أֳĻ棬ԼֳԮѶϢֱӳС
ʲôңǱΧҪǣʮҪʲô
Ѫϣƽأÿһʱ䣬дǰַأֵصĽʿϢ˿ֵ̾ƽ
ĿиֳĻ棬Ϊ̨ʱͬӿֳһŭ
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һɳУаնǾ˵Ļ档ͬʱеŭ˲ͱȼҪը
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̫ΪǻǰôɱЩͨͨҪɱǣ۸
ңȻǴ׻ʳɳǣпǱˣ֮󣬾Ҫ˳ǴףΪ׵ɳǣĻȫԼˡңǣȡ
ûֵܣԸһǰңǣΪģΪɱС
׻ʳкܶ˿ɶǱƢû̫ĺøУ඼бū۹ľܹĥѡ˵壬бܵĳޡ˿̣ĿҪǣĵ׵ĳ˲ͱǣ
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Ҫƽ˴ķУȫġ
ǣʷϣҲҾ徵ľٶǣؽͬ顣˵ķŭ
ǣңǣҪͼذˡ
վڻʹУ̧ۿգǵͬС
ܱͥ壬綼һսֻû뵽ǻķʽսⲻò˵еһۡ
̨˼
ͥжѾԤϵ飬ΨһıҪʲôսڿңǾսĵ
ȽĻ̨
챦սУ𵽾޴áȻʵӳľ󣬸ӿԴݳҪĴѶϢ׼ȷ󣬲κεȱʧԵ൱ֲˡ
ȥ빬
пһ֮󣬿ٿ˵
ǣϣ
ٿڴӦ
Ҳһ̣ǰ
ûãͿдִڳУͬʱֵģмڼƳһس
̨ô飬ֻҪ۾ûϹǾͲܻῴ
һ֪Ȼټǡ
μʣ޽
˵ִ󣬴дĲΰ
ƽ
׵ͷ˵ոշ̨̣λӦѾĺڸô죬ȥûб
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򣬱ҪȻҪƣǾǳң⡣ŷЦ˵ֻ۾ŭܿеŭ
ǣ
˭ǵĵӡ
ĩս
ҵУ˵
ĩսЩһ
ݼ̹Ȼ˵

˲Ϣ䣬Ϳһųս
սķػΪְսǽʿõĹһսǵ˺ܾá
λżһεսеĴ˭ٲˡǱֵĻᡣͥҪǴһӲսǲȷѡ
ڼЦ˵


1161 ˳֮ս
ͥĶʼգ׻ʳеĹעѾ̽鵽ͥ岿֮䣬Ѿ໥һ׼ͬԸסֻûаƿѪǣ˵ѪϸصĴۡ
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ħñ׽ѵѩþУÿһʿĸԼһֻħΪԣѩþŵĵһѱһֻħáѱˣ޷ѩþš
ħһֶص츳ǾǣԷ¹⻷ñ⻷ǵˣӵпϣָǣάһĹ״̬СӳǿսսϿҡ޼᲻ݡ
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ѩһͷѩ׳Ʈ裬Ӧ漴ԥתȥǰս磬ټѩþš
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ȷֻҪĺãǾ׹֮׿ǷͬСɣӰսȻҲ롣еİţҲ˵ʲôֻĵװĽ

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ֻһ貵ĲʺԽգᴩأңԶңǶȥ
Ŀòʺʱ¶˷ǲǲʺţԿԽյĲʺš˲Ϣ䣬ôκ
ڴ׻ʳ֮ڣǻʳ֮⣬ҲһԣֻǣҪѡ
С
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ͨ鱦ʮ־ˣܾ̽̽ȿڡң̽죬֪졣ڽ׺ǿ󡣽Կ̽ΪңԶĻ档׼ȷĿҪĻ档
ңǣңЩټ׾㾫ҲΪϧ̫٣޷⡣
Ⱥ򱦾Ŀ渡ֳĻ棬ҲԵͷ
ͨͨ鱦սб仯׼ȷ֪顣һƿشֵþ޴󡣴˿̣ڼĿתĶűеĻ档
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ܿаϵĽǡ¶һ˿
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ͨѩ׵սף¾޴ħãҰţͣԷһ°ľ޴䵶⵶˫УնɻΪոˣͷ­׾١
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׻ʳѩþšǾųѩء
սսϣѩԼǰѩþţĿ¶ɵ³һ
ϻ˵ɱ⣡
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ս˲γǵңָѩþţ³ɱ
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췢Ǻ
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1162 
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ǽ̸ٶ࣬Ҳ޷ıսʵҲ޷ֹսļûʴȣֻʤ븺һû뵽ġ׵Ԯ֮죬ڵȼ̨֮󣬶̶һʱд٣ңһ֣˵ֱӾ͸ɱһ
ʲôѩþţûнңǷϡ
ңǲһնĪеĽڶѡ
ڴ׳֣սѾȷƬңѾ޹ؽҪ
ЩĿĲңǣǴ׻ʳǣ޹ؽҪնѡͥ׻ʳ֮ս
»ɽĿãϲ¶һ˿ЦѾ²ЩĿġĿľҪ׻ʳľճѪǣ
ɴܣ갡
һ鴤ɬ˵
Ŀȴʼڳսϡ
һ徫һǴ׻ʳʮФ֮һѩþšؼ侫˿̽棬ؼΪҵһսݴս

棬˲Ϣ䣬ǹУ乭ǹѪǼٶȼ죬˲ϢѾɣѪǼΪһ⣬ѩþŽʿȥ
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ڴУ³ʦҵɫǴ䣬û뵽ǰļѹƣȻᱻĶƽ⣬ǿȥһ޵Ԩ
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У˿Ҳɵ۾³һŹֵĻ
оǶôô͸ǰֻ࣬ӵĿ£ȫǱһģоܵĹѧγǿУȥֻŵڡ͸ԭһġ
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ʱȻԿЩ˱Ӻ׵ķҵĺųâţȻըֲһ¾ͽӵըķѣһѪɽȥͬʱըܱߵ˾ȥϣһըʮͬµǶըķǡ
ܿըУɢϢ
ٲȻܸܵƼ׼
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һϣ˵ŹûǼΪ޴󣬸ĴЧȫֵá
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ɱ
һУ˵ʵĹ̲Ƕ̶̼ѡ
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ɱС˵ǵѩþŽʿеԲħ˲ײһ

һײսֱӱòޱȣ˸
˵ǵ󿪴ϣնޱȣѩþŽʿеսɸǿǾĵٶȿ硣


1163 
ֻһ㣬֮˵͸ӵľӦٶɱĵΪ絶ͬʺսɱ缲磬һһ졣սϣҪֱӵɱԵ˺
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ҲΪʺ˵һŵնȥܿ˸жݳһǿҵ˺
ѩþĵͬǿ󲻷Ϊħһɱܽűӵ¡˳նܿ磬־ոжصļɣѩħӵ¡
̱ӣκεĽҡ
Կǵֱնѩþսʿϣϴŵѩսֱųһѩ׵⣬ѩսױеķΪ֣Ԫ֧£ԴԴϵķӳãһ޷ƿ㺮֡ƿҲҪ롣пս׶޷ƿ
սףȫףûκ
϶ڡֻ¶һ˫۾
ܸܵģֻһѪı䡣

ײ
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꣡
˿ûȫսףˣͬҲΪҪ֮һѩħޱȣи£һ˶ͷ­ȻȻշ
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սѩþ˵ɱܵӦ֣ȫڵһʱ俪

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һ
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1164 ѻ
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1165 ս
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Ц˵
ͶǾսһ㣬ͥǾԲȥǻûô޴

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ǻʳʳĴ׸ӿֲԽǾԽӲܸ׸ʱ䣬ÿ춼ڱǿϵʱԽǵƾԽʵøһսڱУò򡣡
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ѾǰǰΨһ·
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˳һε£ֱӳƳǣڴ׻ʳϿգ̲סһ𺳡

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Щ꣬׻ʳɳǵḶ́ûֹͣٶȱø졣
ܶ׵Ĵկ򣬶ٶɽ죬һ޴ɳǡ˿̣Щɳƴʱ׼Ͷ뵽ӹ֮Сɳ£ǾǴ׼᲻ɴݵĽַʱȴԲΪӪΣգԽ͵͡
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Źһ֪ԲôôġȻͲúõ塣̺޴ΣʱпھŹ
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һ㣬һѽ⡣
ڣȻǾЩʱ̡
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˿ڶڴ˵ʵ̫Ҫˡ
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һ˲䣬ԺһͷЩ˿ڶԴ˵ʵ̫Ҫˡ
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ڵϼҶвϳȵңӡɽڵ˪ǿߡ
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һɱɳĸܵ׻ʳͺһľ֮ȣЩŶҪݷ뵱ǸոմӷӡгʱһҪֽգԼݰڵĸ߸ϣڿҪ졣
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⣬ͥµĹؿ֮ǰ˸ҺԥĳУƺѾ֪д
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1167 
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ҪǺ·Ļλɷģ񣬿Ϊָ·Ц˵һֿԲκ£ҵȷ·Զ·ûֻѰ̽·ŵ츳ֻҪ񣬾ͿԺ谭ҵĳִ档
˵ţǰѾһֻɫ񣬿ֻ࣬ɫͬ۾͸¶Ը޷ӡ
¾綾˵Ծ綾ȫûеֿԣܶھľ綾Ȼܳܵġν綾ǰǰҪ⡣
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ڣ綾ͬ


1168 ɱ
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鷢Ľų򣬵ȳǰ˽ȥ
ûгɡѻѾУһֻֻѻɢ棬ĹâܱߵɢҪһ˿һ˿ָ
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Щħͬնе
ȥ󣬹ȻµľһƬڵУɫڲӿ֣ɢµΪ綾ڿСζ൱ţһֶ˱ܵ
ֻ嶾ڿз裬ƺԵʮֵ˷ܣſڼ䣬ԿһɹεĶϵĻ۹ȥĳص£Ϊһʰ쵵Ĺ㣬ԴԴϵӿ嶾ޡ
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ûжãʹ
ǰΪ֮һ塣
̧ۿȥѾҹɫ֣ǳڵ׺ɢâ
ǰģһƬƽԭ
ƬƽԭϣȻԿľۼЩЩ˯ЩԣܿȫһƼݵ״̬ɫ䣬¶־
Զдء
ܿͶ׼Щա
ֻһ˲䣬ͻᷢЩɱ

Ϊ׵һͥĿ߳Ĵ׾ӣ¶һ˿֮ɫƺһ˿ԥջһ֣˾롣գۼʧ
Уڼû׷
ףǴһأǴӦһ˿ڣھͿԴߣͥŵԣϣҲҪԶš
֮ǰ˽컹ǿ³һ
ЩˣȻ˶ա
¹Ӣɫÿ
ﶼһڣ֮ǰж٣У˵дվ͵˵Ѫʳ˹֮ҵȥ
ͷԺȻòȥ


1169 ;
λͬǡȫˣ
¹ӢбʹͬʱҲſڷһ
ձľУָɫʣܣڷִ˴Ѿ룬ǰģĴһھӿֳϣ
ȫˡ
ֶô򵥣ֶôĲס
ûܱǸ
ľӣľӳˡġȫˡ
ˣĻˣһΪһڽˣû뵽ȻлĻᡣѵ׻ʳľӡ
׻ʳǴ׻ʳ˵ףû뵽еȵ׵һ졣
Ƭƽԭϣ̲ס
ޣཱུϷĵһ
йν޿áûа취еĸܡ

пͯĴڡ
己ٶȿ죬Ȧ壬Ͳܹ෱ܣ൮һЩͯӤһЩ˵˲УӤӵĳԣоǲƷԣĳ£İ彻ϣӤǰҴУӵдӤͯԭ
ϣ΢飬ռţЩͬͻǴ׽֮ڡһž⣬ԿٽЩҴ߽а١Щܹġ
Ƴٿ˵
ЩҪľһȫȫĻҪʳϢǴлָһĵĴʱ
ʱκһޱ̵ӡ
֪ͨȥ켮ǰĿĵأЩҴ߽еǼǣͳһ켮ư٣ԱǰȥæǷþס֮ء
׵ͷԥ
ɷ棬ɲʲôܹ顣
Ϸģ΢һ׵Ǵ׿дɳ˿ȱپʱҽ飬ȫɵǼǺ󣬽ЩҴ߷ɢЩɳڣȴսͿͨŲɳǣִָ仧װ
忪顣
׽ɳǵĹ̴ûֹͣʼնڲϵĽš
дɳǽټϹ˳ĳɳǡЩ岿䣬Ӻˮлȡĸʣÿ춼ͽ¯УһשģԱ£ɳǵٶȣʵ̫ȫǷһٶȡ
Щɳǻûаָɳоס˿ڲ࣬飬Ҫ˿ڽвʱ̡
׼
гͷӦ
飬ڴ׻ʳ˵Ǽ죬ӵ̣ܶණġЩ½ɳУһ㶼ʮ֮һԭȴװգʮ֮ŵ¼աЩ¼ߣ뵽׵ϵ֮С
˳ɹɡ
Ը˽׻ʳĸֶ֮С
ȻЩ½ɳǻڰٷϴ˵״̬γһֻҪ֪ЩɳǣУͷųȥǰѹһԴḻĵشɳеľȻȵõôһˡ
ԣڴУܶԭɳǵľѡǰµɳǶӡΪ˻ȡĻԵ
дҴ߼룬ЩɳǾԻ̵ʱסڵɳǶṻ
Ź滮ɺ
ʱʺţѾŴ켮ԱǰЩҴǰſռŵӡ꣬һƬյϴ򿪿ռš
λͬѾȫˣڣǻؼҡֻҪףӽ󣬴ҵ˶õ׵ĸı䡣
岢û׼лĵǼǡ
Ǵ׽֮⣬һڰʱп䣬дУʣⶼڴ׵ıƸǿ̣ʧһֵʹ
̫ˣǵþˡ
׻ʳ֪ǲͬ˵е졣
ҴڴǲԱ£̤ռšٳŴ׻ʳڴ͹ȥУһжȻȻڽС
Ҳû档
ѩѩþսѾĲپидԱҪҽΣԣҾáӦȷؾս磬ҽǲż
ڼҴѾʼ룬һõƵİź󣬿˿Զ漴Ͷѩ˵
һսѾעյĿĵؾƽԭĻƽǡǰƽǣа˵ؿ˴δսյʤƬ½صĹʵͳһ֮ս
ʦԼǡѩþżϡѩþžųѩأʺŽ
ѩȻڴ׻ʳУϲ˵жʣһ֪е顣
һսغشͬҲ̫Ĺͣһ֧ŶҪǳԶʳڴ׾пɾ͵һˡγһˣͶԣѾҫóλãš
ңѩþȷʵ١Ҳǵ֮¡
ĩս
ڴУĿѩþųأŷɵ̤һ˵
ս£
׼ħŽѩþŵλãǰ
ûоܾ׵ͷʾӦ
ŷҲڵһʱתȥǰȥټħš׼
ǰ
ӵвʺŵĴ׻ʳڵǲϣֱžԵƣ̫ˡƬ̼䣬ħѾִսѻͬʱǰ̤ȥ

ͥƽС
ڣ˵ɫԵòÿһ˿ء
û뵽׵ĵǿ󣬾綾̿ͣȻƽ⣬ѻʮֿ£ѻ죬ȫһ塣
һںǿ߻˵
Ȼһǿߣֻϧ岢ûзӳǿս֮ȫѻŽһƵģֻ̫һ˿вǾ޴ġ
⣬һȻԤϣôƽ⣬ڽļأͲ׾ܴƵġѻȻԵҲȫ޵СһأЩѻҲ֮ǰ񡣡
һȻ˵
һؿλأѻҲֵĵá
һ˵һأиʿ¶΢ЦһأžԵšãƾڵĴ׾ӣԳƹؿ

˵ͥһڴ
ȴ˵ڼŴǰ
ʦýǻʲôĹؿͥôɱƽǡ
¹Ӣɫص˵
ûΪ֮ǰƽһض԰ʱ̫żȻԣҪ嶾ޣ񣬸ûа취߳
Ǻǣ֪һ仰ƲɵؽǴ׻ʳһͳ½أǴͥⲻǴѡ
ڼȻһЦûжҡ
֪УѾǰǧ


1170 
ʦûиоʵ̫ˡ¸
ŷ΢΢ü˵
ߵܱƺЩԾԵ̫žûзУҪ֪ЩΣյĸӦǿʮ񡣱ܵĸоԾ
СģڿѾ뵽ͥµս֮С
ڼ׵ͷ˵
ͥµĹؿô򵥡޷˽£ջҪӦ䣬յķӦ
û˶̫أѻڿУħڵϡ໥Ӧ£ûж
ڽƬʱͻȻ䣬һεΣϢ糱ˮϯ
ԣ
ƲйŹ֡
ֻУ׵ӿֳƬƣЩƷӡֲƲӿ֣һ׹˸ڴ
ƺܿƲкʲôµĴڡ
꣡
ţͿһƥϯÿһսì׺ݵĺѻԼħš
ǻ棬ʮֲֿجһ㡣
ܼѾ鲼սоȫڡػΪһƬ˾һƬ硣ÿһ׼ȷĳŴ׽ʿȥпԸо̺൱£һԽһϾʿɱͼʿҲҪشʮײС

ڼĿãɫ΢䣬˵
ĲͬѰʣͥĹ
飡
׽ʿսڵһʱӦսеķ˲両֣Ļγɣַϴڡײһ𣬶ʱͿϹâ˸ţԼٶȱðǿ
ڻѻϣǻѻɢĻ棬ͬ޷赲ϣл汻·ɽܱ߲ɢȥȻ类赲룬Ȼѻʿϣȴû˺ֻǱЩͷѡ
ħȴԵøأܵ޴Ĵ
вشЩҪӾ޴
Ʋŵˣɱ
¹Ӣ˲䷴Ӧ붼룬Ӧһ¡ѻŽʿְγһìĳͷͶȥٶȼ졣飬
ìƿƲ㣬Ʋеĵ¶ۼ
ȻԿһڳȴһֻ๣ĹŹ顣ܿЩƣ۶䣬һȻȻĿʼ׹䣬ĳźķìӭȥƻֱ÷ìը
ܼٴγŴ
ԵֲУǷ·oҡ
ÿһƺķӳ
壬Ȼǣû뵽ЩҲս
ڼĿã˲Ϣ䣬ԺоֳһѶϢǵòѾ²ǵ
Ȼ壬һֱضƣͥƾʲô˵ǲսġ˵棬ܹƿԦ磬֮׵纣ÿһǼԦĶǿߣѪ츳ͨ
У³ʦɫصĿ˵
øʷڲؾУеĸֹż˽⣬Щ꣬岿䷢𹥻岿ʱղأżأȻҲ׵УռڲؾУЩżൽ޷ңֻҪ漰ĵ伮ڵһ㡣ҪɾͿ
ĹżԽ࣬ʶȻԽԽ㲩
ѶϢĳЩżжмء
˵֮Ѫں壬̷֮񣬼ΪϣѪеġ
Ѫ츳׽
ս൱ǿУҲһǿ塣
ϲסܼ׼䲻뿪̷֮ѪΪƷм롣
׼䣬塣
㹻սʿܹһƬֱӻΪ򡣳硣
Щսʿ
˭ʲô壬ȻҲսǾǵˣ顣
һ˭ΣȻǵˣǾɱ
ʵͬˡ
ĿƲеսʿ󣬺ԥѻųױŭٴٶ۳ѻսһսǰ㱬ȥΪһֻֻĻѻİԵƲ㣬ײһ𣬲ϱҵĺ
ǣѻŵĻѻ𣬾Ȼϱ𣬶ңܼ˿ѻŷĹѷɫ
ƲУȻԿһ޴ͨɢɫ֦·磬צɲʱ޿̲ų⣬ϣսʿ·˴󲹵˼Ѫ룬Ƿ񷢳磬Ҳû¶κƣ
ĵ綼˲Ϣõ䡣
£ȻһߣͬɢսʿҪǿ̫ࡣ
һٲȻһ챦ΪܶмӳǿԴԴϵĲġ
𣡣
ĿѻűսȻټȥзһϺȡֶһץ漴ͿУһ֡գ֮䣬Ϊһɫ֮ìȫʵʣսìı棬˸
֮ìɾ޴ͨ쳹أּ䣬սìƿգҹɫĺڰɢֱѻ۵ϡ
¡¡
һֲĺУѻдҽУȻɢ
ѻʿͬѻһ˷ɳȥһεѪӰ䣬֮ì£㶴ɢ֮ɫĴĿġЩǵ䣬ʿشһΰֲ̫
ʿԥóֵҩ̷ȥиһתҩһʱ俪ʼ޸ˣˣֻҪûе䣬˲Ϣ䣬ƾ͵õơ
޼跨
¹Ӣзһȡ
ȣ
¹ӢϺȣʱͿڰеѻŽʿͬʱһϺȡ漴һεϵͻȻ֣ԴԴϵĳ¹Ӣڴݹȥ
һԪ¹ӢϣЩûб˴˳ͻһޱȺгĸоʮǢ䣬ںһͬʱڰеʮѻҲŹںУٴֳһ޴¹Ӣ֪ʱѻںһ𣬾ȻΪһֻ޴Ļѻ
ңڲֱͣӾʹﵽʮɣʮɣǱǵϰɣɵľ˸߶ȡ
׻Ϊһֻ޴ĻѻſաֲȾ񷡣ҵĻ棬նƺ


1171 Īа
ڻѻܿĿ¹Ӣ۾ʮƣ˵¹ӢΪ۶һս껯ֵڻѻͷһɫĻڡѻеߡ
ۣ
һѻС¹ӢֱӳƬƲ㡣
ᶼֳɫ޴սɢµķâϵĻ棬֮֮ǰ֪ԵٱɲǼ䣬ɢĻ棬ͬһѻҪ󺣣һС
ϣ
һС
ȻԿһ۶ɵնա

ƲУһĲҽ
ܿսʿᶴֲ𱬷£˲仯Ϊһöö޴Ļ򣬿ĿģƬսʿɨ
õ
ǿĿ£ֻ۾һĨŭ𣬼붼룬ּ䣬籦糱գۼͻΪһ֮ì¹Ӣ֮ìǻΪһ絶ն̺޾ܡκһԱɽ塣
¹Ӣ˿ںѻ֮˲䱩ǣûη壬һữΪսնͬʱſĳǿɱľצ˸ŰɫĻ档ǵصϯ

ǿ߷һȣͻȻ䣬ֶ籦һУʱ޴籦ۿɼٶСУͶɱ¹Ӣһӡ
¡¡
ܼӿ֣׽¹Ӣľ޴ѻڡԴԴϵϡں顣ԵüΪҡ
߾үүһì
ŷ˫ѣſڷһȡʮħŽʿ۳սΰֱӻڣ˲Ϣ䱩ǣΪɡ
һŭضΪ֮һҪ¡
һìƿգǿǰƺҪƬìУ̺һì⡣
ǿ߷Ӧˣ籦ٴγì˹ȥΪһƬ޴籩ìˢһߡֲ磬ٴνŷɳû
ּ䣬ͽŷ¹Ӣѹȥ
Ҫ֪սһޱĿ뵽Ԫ񾳵ĲΡֻαԪɳԽླĽޣ̺ƻεȿ¡ȴƫƫǿǰѹ
Ԫǿߡ
һ̣ƳĿõȺɫԵüΪÿѾ֤ߣȫпѾ̤뵽Ԫ񾳵ĲΡ
һĲ࣬ж챦֣ߴ䣬Ȼһ
Ԫ񾳣Ѿ۷ϵĽضϡ
ǿߣΪϷУ̺ŷ֮Ȼ
Ƕһ֪Գ˯ǰѣǾͱ븶ʹĴۡ
߿ŷ¹Ӣ籦ˢ˹ȥÿλ裬ܼܿ绯Ϊ籩ϯһУŷɾտìǿì⣬ܼʱһδλˡϸƿѻͬһƬڡǱ
ǿߣٲȻױѹ·硣
ҪǣҲô׵顣
ϣǷҪɳǿǰԮŽ½ֻ֧Ų˶á籦̫Ե
һ
ͥǳ̣óɱﵡ
аԳ
Ԫ񾳲εǿ֣߳ɣսǿ֮
Ҫѹǿ߲ѣֻҪԸ⣬ԵѹֻⲻǵڶؿҪߵԼֵĵزǱ¶׻ʳ̲ʵ
ȷʵ׽ʱ̫̣û㹻ǿߡԪ񾳵ǿ߸һûС
Ԫ񾳲ǿ߸ҳս֣Ϊôն
ʱͻȻ䣬ֻУһĻ
ƺĳλǿ߷һ˿ŭ
Ż£ȻԿһѪɫĽƥԶƿնѪУһڽһϷɽڽϣȻܿ׭Īа
Īадһ־˵Ľ⻮ƳգŨҵµİ顣
ڿĪаͬʱ˭·ĿõĪаŨСױǶ֮СΪ֮ᡣ
ǽ⣬̫ҫۡ
ǿһ̣Ҳɵĳ׳СҪ籦ڽǰоǿΣգ磬侪ѵĻ޷аѡ
ɣ
߷һҪ赲Īа̫˲Ϣʹܼ磬䲱һ
ɣһ򷨣
Ľǰκηͨһն
һ̫׺ݣĸӿ硣̺̫ǿ
ǿߣһ򷨡
ǿ߻³һ漴ϵͷ­Ȼĵ
ߣ䣡
Ԫ񶼱⽣顣
ðԵķɽǽɵôǿ£һ򷨣ǧ֮⣬ȡ׼ս֮ǿʿйǿе·֮һ
ˣǿߣԪ񾳵ǿߣȻôһ͸նˡôǿô
ǿߣǰû˵ѵʿУȻżǿ̵ģĵƹȻ¡
УȺΪ֮һû뵽ؼʱ̣ʿһնɱǿߡɣһսĻ
ܿսʿ׷˷Ӷݳȥ
ܱߵΣϢ˲ɢһա
ϵƲҲɢ
Ǵʾá⡣ҪõǴ׻ʳϿɡ֮УǴڶʿ
ҡҡȣ˵
ʿЩһֱڴ׻ʳбֵıȽϵ͵û̫ϾͬΪ壬ңҪ׳󣬱֮С
ϾյӣȡԴɲһŵܹ׽ġ˳Ϊ׵
ۼ׽ҪͳһƬ½أѾʼסˡ
һδƹأŶԣչֳ̨չ¶⣬ſԿٵõ׵ϿɡٱĲ٣Զһ顣
һ㣬ſĺ
һչ¶ʵȡ꣬ôһá
ͳһȥƽŵ顣
׵ͷ
ŵͼȻĺ
ڲЩʱ
ħţѻŷؾս磬սţȸŽ档
һսħѻͬʱܵСʧûгɣǷ˵

ͥƽǡ
ԵЩĬ
һ貵Ľ⣬ΪֹԺС
ʿȻˡһնˣĽɹȻ¡ǿڷɽͨսҸов
Ѿ֣ǾͿ϶֡ĹؿȻǵӰô죬ҪҪЩؿ
ǿ߿˵


1172 
е̣岿Ҫѷɫǿڳ˯ӡǿͬڳ˯ҲӡѣȻҲѡͬһ̵ֵıƴԪ񾳲εǿѾʼѣӷӡͷųԤϣӡȫѾԶ
ЩؿҪȥǸٴĴۣҲ帶ۡô֪ͥͬǺǵġ
ҡҡͷΪ̫ǿηܾĸ
ҪŵؿϵĴ׻ʳңЩؿͥȫãɸ岿õɱ壬ʧҲʧսͥ˵ûжʧȫڿɽܵķΧ֮ڡ
սΪսʱá
Ĵ׶սĶ١
ؿԲܳ
ҪȻʮǰװ͸׻ʳɲС
ǲԵġ
Ĵ׻ʳѾǴһΣΨһ֮Ļᣬ¾ŹأĿľΪĴ׵ʵܵɱӡ⵱УȻλмʧһսܴףǸĴٶ࣬Ҳֵõġ
峤Ц˵
ܲǣҲܲͥ
һǿЦ˵
ͥ׻ʳսսûзֳʤǲ׽ģ廹ԳͥǾԲܳȥġҲͥں֮
׻ʳĻͥ

սڼ
ڶɹڶؿ󣬹Ȼǰһʱ䣬һһͬһңûгɣ׸ѾӦһʱǲ֣ЩǨƵ׾ڡȱ֤ǵİȫ˵
սȸŽѻţħţǰ
һؿ
ÿһΪ¡
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µĹؿһ嶥ǿߣԪ񾳲εϼһΪģµ޾þѵĵֻۣȻһֻܹþ֮Ļþ˵Լ档׽ʿɾ޴鷳ʧС
ЩؿȻȴձһһƽ⡣
ÿƿһؿܻȡһҴߡÿһ񣬶ô׻ʳĵ̴ƳϿյƺۿɼٶšңںЩնԴ׹ģк󣬻ԴԴϵС
һδεսҲôĸܵĵ̣Ȼͬһǿ
ЩжǿЩսϣ¹ؿȻ޴ƻˡÿһؿٵɲС鷳
УٲǿߵԮ֡
ǿߵԮ֣ڼȻ߲ܡں棬Щؿֻ΢һ̽ͽ⽻ЩǿߡˣԿһЩŵʵ̡
ʵҲЩҪ顣
ǳֵĿıҪչֳʵֵ֤ԼߣԸ׽á
һԸһԸ˫Ĭ
ңƿؿգУܻȡ£ȡˡԸ
֪УѾƾŹأƽԭǰ
ͥѾ׼ʱˡȻ˶սʿ
ڵִƽԭԵʱƽԭϵľʹУڵȺһ鴤
ͥݴͣսֱƽԭԴ
˴ʵ̫ˣൽһȥȫޱ޼ʣɽ纣
ľ԰ơ
ţͷ˵ľսʿţħһ޴ͼߴɢֲһжƺһ档ƻжǿ
צĿϬǾеľ񣬱ӰǾµĴ̿͡ͻɱսϾһ֡
ˣĲˣһķìì֣ǵвȹֲǱƻӿֲÿһĿⶼһ㣬¡
ɽ纣ĹͷˡЩ˴еڻ֮һ̫࣬ȫʤǵķʵ̫ˡһһȺֶûа취ǵķٶȡʮֺ
塣˴ڻ֮һ
͸Ӿˡķٶȣȹͷ˻Ҫ£ƬУԽӵĿֲһʮֻɳٶȣʱڣӾˡ׷ǧٹֵıͷ޹ǵìָȵȣ϶¶ѪĹâ
壬ǿž޴Ķƣ·һɽսϣޱȰĵĸо
һƼһÿһ϶ɢɱ֮
ң˴ǰǺޡӴȺ嫵ȺҰ鲼ƽԭ
Щ޷ģ̫࣬ൽ˿־ĵز
Ѿﵽǧ֮ࡣ
ʣܹͥԱĴ󲿷
ܿĳЩǾںܶսʿϴսףǰĿױȻûа취װȫ˴ɾӵս׵ʸ
޷ġ
ͺһͻȻɽ麣Хܸо
ҪǴ׾һս
УȺԵһ֮սĹսݡ򵽳Ϊֹ
ĩս
ĩԸΪȷ档
׷̤˳սǵصҲû¶η塣ΪսɳǵʹҲǲ˱ְܵ
ȫ
һȻ˵ûκεԥ
ʱ¶ȻٴӦ±תǰս硣ѻѩþҲǰȥ׼
֮ǰսڻصսʹӺ󱸾в
׵ľУȱپĽʿǳҲʸκһ֧š

ƽԭǰ
ֻһͨ쳹ص߲ʺ⻮Ƴգ߲ʺţ˲ƽԭǰâ˸䡣һ֧֧Ŵƽԭǰ
ÿһ֧ţȻȻгľ
˴ȡ׵ľţҪĶࡣ
޷ȣȴȻһ̩ɽƺ·硣
ݣμ䣬һȻȻײһ
ǹѹ·ҪϢҪ̡ɱ֮ա
¡¡
һֻ̣ƽԭдһ
ƽԭλõĻƽǣȻų޾Ľ⡣


1173 
ɫ̫㣬ҫƽԭԵ˵ʥ󡣴޾ϡ
Ȼ󣬾ͿƽۿɼٶȴӴСεضճڰУɢһɼΪǿϢ·ѹһС
ô
ƽǣǵͥôġ
Ǻܶսʿ˿ĿãҲɵ¶һĿɿڴı飬һĻƺǵĳҲʮ־޴ǰû˵ƽǿշֱӴӵεضڰաɢĽ⣬ɽܼΪصѹ
ʵϣƽǲڰգֱڿпʼƶŴ˿̵ս֮һսʿо¶һֿ֮ɫʿǡ
ս
ƽǣͥͥ
ڼĿ£Ҳ¶һ˿ء
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ҵһ˵
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һ࣬ʮɸߣһɫëܿѾΪƣϵϣȴŨ£һѪ֮
ų⡣еĸ졣
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սʿȵĿƽ췢źԹĳߵ𾴡
Ŀսʿɢĸ߰ս⣬ʮĵͷνƽԳսϣΪսʿȻû³Ĵ㡣ϾҲһߣ˳֮򲻵ѣǲԳֵġ
غ档
ҪߵһҲζţͥˡ
ƽǾȻԸաǣҲӦ
ƳУĿûƽǾȻնУսϺһĨɫ
ȻҪһ޴ĹųǳڰУܹնУȻҲһķǸշҲδؿ
ʵҲȷʵˡ
ƽܹգΪǵԭΪڳУһö޴ޱȵĸʯ
⸡ʯǱƬһС飬ֻҪ뵽Уܹ÷ӵշеңշУҪԪԼԽʡԪ
Ҫ뵽У۵ķٶȻἤ
֪⸡ʯεһԣǺ翴һ֣ҲᱻʿռУײʾˡڻƽУһʮɴСľ޴󸡿ʯ⸡ʯĸ֮ƽ׾ٵĳڰУõڰգֻҪԸ⣬Զ׹䡣һ󴴾١
밫ˣؾڻƽַģóøӼǿ󣬴ĸƳǵɳһǷ˵ƽǣκηѷɫǸӰԵײȥԶһв
Ȼ㶼սǱ˺ĻƽǿԸնУǣҵƳͬԡ
Ŀ䣬ɨһƳǣ˿ܵĻҲ֪ƳʱŲλõʱ̡
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Ҫ֪ǰƳǶʼάԭȵĴСţҲûбֵķֻ̫ǣеĿռûжٸı䣬УƳӵнֵǬֻǴ濴û̫仯ѡ
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ڳеڵʱѾע⵽Ƴǵı仯
ĿƳǰεضշк󣬸Ǹоǿҵ𺳣ֱһ㡣Ҫ֪ɲͨɳǣһ޴ޱȵĻʳǡҪһʳǿԸգƶʵ̫ˡԲ˵˵ô򵥡
ʺţ
УȺͬе𾪣ƳܹնУǶ飬û˵Ƴչ¶ƶԣҪ죬ԲһʱġĲϣǴûмӲޱȣȴë漣
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ųǣһԱȣ˲ͳֲࡣ
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׽ʿĿƳǵĳ֣һֳȣѹƵ˲ͱǣ׻ָø
û뵽лһƣʱҿһͳƬ½صľޱȼᶨ
ڼԳ
֮ǰȻɽˮҪǵһֻ̣Ժ󶼲֪ƳǻֱնУԸգþκһصλû
ȫĳκ
ҲȻȻΪصһˣ󣬼˭֪лŶٵĵƣٵɱﵡ
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Ҳ˳ƶΪһͳһƬ½أƳ֮ǰڵλãͲʺˣͳƬ½أκ򣬶׵ԡڿиգƮǾȫԽ⣬ֻҪԸ⣬ƳǿԳκλáκһɳϿա
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˿̣ͬʱעһ𡣲֪ʱѾվƳϿգһսۣѹķ
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ƽ˵
ûʲôޣֻ˵岻ͬͬòսòߵֵز
û뵽껹СȻɳ죬ȵı׻ʣҲò˵һ塣
һ˵


1174 潻
ȣںʱĴֱǴھԵʱ˵־ܻѾףҪһ·ϳɳɱ䵽ĲΣ׻ʳֱһȻȱٲеĺۼ
ҪȻУǣǽ˳գܴﵽָ߶ȵģһûСڸǽͥȵĲòϾ·ĵزø壬ҪһЯֿ⡣
һѾû·
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гĬһ£漴˵
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ⱾԼսΨһս֪Ҳûйϵ㲻󣬷ֻҪãǻᱻЩơ
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ֻǱУµĺ֮ǰԵüΪƽı˲䱬ը


1175 ²ɵ
飡
һµĺСȻԿЩսʿϵı䷢ҵĺųâţȻըֲһ¾ͽӵըķѣһѪɽȥͬʱըܱߵ޾ȥϣһըܱ߷Բʮڵ޶С
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һֻս϶ܳΪ˿־ĴɱӲҪ˵ǧֻϣÿһֻδأоǷླǰᱻײķѡ
飡
սԱߣȻһɾ޴ıɡͭɣҲаɡսվһ໥䣬޾ѹ
ս޿ʼ񱼣չ¶ȫɱľٶȡڵʱضھ𶯣һײƲ޵ơϯһС
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1176 ħ
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׸ţֱ۳ս֮ǲ°һ޴ǵᵵս֮Уޣսʿս
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ӵƳգ˲һǰ

ߣôܻûлûУкܶ࣬רŵػڱİȫ˭֪սϵҪԣױԣɱɱĴҪ̫ࡣ
ֻһ̫Ѹ٣˲Ϣ䣬ѾǰңĿڿųģЩػĿô㶣ƺʲôסһɫӵ˲仮գԴϡ
лֽ赲ڷӵǰױ͸
Ƽ׵͸ˡ
ƿͬʱӵֱĴͷ­жȥһ޴ԴֱըƬͺһ˲俪ư
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һͷ˲
ͼ޷ƾȻ
飡
ħսӵսʿͬڵһʱĿ꣬ķ𹥻
һööƼ׵㻮Ƴա
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ֻЩսʿӵûлһ㣬꣬вٶػǿ赲ûϣһҪҲûشġ
Ӹ£ֱǾѻλá
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ĿãһĨ䣬ȻЩȫһɱһ
ȻʶЩսϴвʵ̫ɵΣ͸ӿ£˴ս޲ʤ֮һսʿϳǧ򣬵ԲһĪʧ
飡飡飡
һҵǹսϻص
˲ͽѹס
ܱߵػһء
սϣ˫Ѿ׶̱ӣ뵽ȻС
ÿ䣬дսʿ䣬壬Ҳд׵ġ
սսֱǺֱײ֮ݿĽƻЩɸǱ˵սڴϣҡ
׻ʣǵǳսΪԭ򲻵òֹͣûշֳʤ죬ɸһս
ϣստУȻ˵
׻ʡ


1177 δ֮ս
еĿ£κ˶ħսϣһͺɱһ콾Ļ棬ɲͣĳԺУ˽⣬жôˣÿÿ£оԼҲδսʤǲϣҪ˵Լ硣
ʱ̣жϡֻ첻ͬ
Ѿǹսпһеһս
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սɴڽ״̬ʱδֳܷʤڿħսӳ֣ɱ˴е֮ѾʼԤС
һΣɰܾǰ
Ҳ˭
ǻƽ֮һؼ½ս֮ڴϣɱ˶Կûо¹κζ֣ǲУҲҪսĵ·ϡ֮ǰԲսҲһսһ̡
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һʮɣ
ڶһɣ
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ƽ˵һ䣬йâһȻԿһ߲ĳᦳǰȻ֮ǰɱɣΪ챦ᦡ
ܿϣһڱãתʮֵ졣һ۾ܿᦵͬСɡ
䣡
סᦣһԪעȥϣһȻȻּ䣬һöɫķۣ漴ͻΪһö޴Ļǻܿвһ׾޴󡣿ǳ
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ᦿƽһǾʮһǶʮı֪ö˲ݱɳ顣
ͬʱõ֮ļӳ֣Ԫ̺ĵϣʡƻѾķΧͺñǣԪʱһö򣬶ԶԪв˺һ
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оּգѲ˷ĵ˵УĴľطϵһ֣Ƿʵ֡Ȼ³ʦҲз֮зģͱⲻ˵Ƿʦûʲôԣԣ֮ǰҲҲһѡҲһᦡֻķᦣ޷еȡңŷȱݡ
ֻʩչԼķңϣǰһ񱩡
κһöҴ޴в·һȻֱĵĳսȻܿ¡
ҲԱսһ˿ء
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飡
²ͣ٣ǰ
ÿһõ淢ҵ𵴣µĵһ֩Ѻۣӣ·Ҫݡͬʱһɹɴ֮ɽ


1178 һ
һƽɣ½ս֮ơ
ڴϣɶս޵УԴԴϵĴ֮ӿڣٵĲڵģʼά۷״̬սپãԱ֤۷սֻҪ޷һشҲڴ֮£ϡ
һͻĥ
ܼĻֻûƽɵζһ£ͺ˵Ĵǰ
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֮ǿ󣬲ѷɫǽɫѪ¯㣬ܣնҪ̡һڱǰǿз飬κζĶǷ飬飬ٷ顣
ķķͨȻκβ㣬ҪǷ໥ںϺĸϷءвûжԱƿᦵķͨ⣬ҪЩķͨûа취ƽĻǱҲͲ½ս֮
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䣬ϯԲ
ƵԶԪʿ޴вླ򣬲ڷУ򶼻ᱻ顣֣֮ҲᱻѹƣȻȻĶԾе
аԳ
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󣬸ַͨչ֣糱ˮϯԴԴϺ
ɲʩչʲôͨûжĶǻĳȥʲôͨͨͨǶצǰ˺Ƭ
𣡣

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Ҫ˿µڵԲűѩŮŰ޶ԡ
иӲڶ̶ʱ˶౶
ǲܷ顣
ΨһǸ


1179 ʯ
Ҳ⣬ǣŵöɫʯȫԸоǱʯйճصƣÿһƺСǴݻһеģһеġԵ¡֪ıʯУܾģֻд˵еޱʯ
˴ģֻֻöʯ
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ʯ챦ޱʯ֮һӵ߻ӵǿĹɽղսɱաӵӵ޾챦ƽʮʮһٱһٱؽ׿һǧһǧ׿һһ򱶹زסΪ촷ۡ
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬öʯѶϢѾԺС
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Ȼ޵е챦ԸӵǿսȻ챦ȴ챦ҲǴ˵еֻǾмǿǱһʼֻǻƽ챦ھ֮󣬲ܵԽﵽ챦
ֻб֪öʯжôĿӡ
ҪɱҪɺԸ֮ԸʯơֻǣʯɵԸֱ̫ˡ
Ǳͥ۵ԸιʯҲֻʯոս챦Ϊһ뽫ʯؽ׵ĻҪԸֱ޷ģҪˣҲ޷ġ
ǾǽͥȫȥʯɣҲûа취׽ҪˣԸǺģġ
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ܲסͻں嫵£ܵɣȻȻѹѪƬձѪ⣬ҶҲ
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һֱֵޱȰԵڿʱɫʱ䣬һ̣ȫĸоһǿҵΣġ
ǵһοÿһΣܸܵԱɢĿֲΪԼӵʯȫ࿹⣬Ը£֪ܵʯҲ޷һȡ
ڱǰоԼȻһС֮С
ս
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ۣ
оһڽɫѪѪУܿһ˿ѪƬһƺܵ𶯡
ȫµĹ·Ҫ׶ѡоĽȫǽߡ

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㣡
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飡
ڿѪϱˣֻצڱײ£ӲһѪϷʯҲ޷ȣײ£ѹ·硣
ɱ
ûֱ۱Ѫȴʯ֮£Ӳϣ


1181 վ
һٱ£嶼ڷ⣬ڽ֮У׺ݵĳźȥ
飡
Ӿ޴ĺУٴشһֱֻ۵ը顣ǰһŽɫѪڱĺ£ֻ΢΢һѣƷɵա
ûͣ٣һ˲䣬ļȥ
һٴνҵѡҪǿĻָԼʯľ޴Ļֻ£Ĳǲб¡
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ûһδαشһδζԺ𹥻
ڸܵԺǿѾףʯҲ޷ӵбǿһսԼɣɡ
ڳ֮ǰѾս׼
УԴ׻ʳ˭ûа취ȷ԰ٷְٵĴǱ֮ͥе壬½ս֮սȴԲṶսӣǶ棬档
ӲԸӡ
ҲҪսϡ
УԹ
ȼˡ
ڱϣ޾Ļƽսڷӿ֡
ҪɱңǾͿ׻ǲʵȼհɣս¯
췢һŭ
ͨڷ⣬ƺܿڣȻһƽɫĺ¯¯ԴԴϵŴӱɢս⣬ֻսں¯бȼգһս⻷ԴԴϵĳں¯֮⣬ѪҺȼգսȼա
սսս
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ȥһѪľǾʱ̣ܻӵǿǣǿĻָѪȼһգȻȻôָܻѪ߲ͨ
ƴƴսһ壬ΪսսڵҲսȥֻŶս̫ͨԵˡȥƴֵֵá
սϣʿκˣֻ඼ƺҪŵͣ
ĿеĴ
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ȫ˼ֻΪսʹ졣
Уս¯ǽɼ嶷ս˫ĸڡӵս¯ս壬ս壬ܹңս޲ʤ
ΪעԣڽɼսѶϢ˽Ĳս¯Ҳвٵ˽⣬֪ͨȼս⣬Ϊս⻷ֻҪսǿս⻷ʵսУ޵ϱǡ
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ǵõдУһ֡˵սϹΪս쾭£֤սս˫
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ս쾭ĵõУʮֿµ顣ǴΪս쾭ֻǵõһִУҪȻԱʵȡõĽӾ޴βɱδػߵһ
ǲǵõɴУգվҪ
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һЦӸ߿ս
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кҪսη塣
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ȥƬ̡
սϵĺʼɢ
ؼҲɢ
ȻܿսվӰ
޴ڴϣϣƽսȫֱվţʼûȻУǹս⣬ʼղ
ڰУźܿڱϣȻһЩϸСѺۡʣЩѺǱ˺ۡ
׻ʣһսˣԹԣǱˣûʲôɲĵģƬ½Ҳ׵ģ֮ǰӦǷ㻰
ſ³һ
㣡
г˵Ҵ׻ʳݲ¸壬ݲ˸䣬ɳѹҰɳ֮ΪҴ֮أҰ֮Уκ嶼棬ҰսֻҪԴɳǷҰ֮УԳΪ彻֮ء׾ӲֹȻûжսйɱĲ䡣Ȼɱ⡣
ɳѹҰǴһʼѾȷĸߡ
ΪлǴȺҰ֮д̫λã岿УͬŸָǿĵƣӵǿߡ
Ұ죬˭֪ʲôΣաȻɳ֮иӰȫʺ深ܡ
Ұǲܶžģޣ壬ҪҶҲ֮ҰĴڣʵδزܶ𵽾޴ãԽ壬ĥʿĳɳ
ңɳڣܱȫΪǱĬӰ£һ죬ҰҲױ콥Ḷ́ͲǺõѡ
֮ǰײԵɱȻҲǵġ
ʵڽȵ׻ʳøǿʱδؾͲܽЩ׵ͳ֮ڣֻҪش׵ķɷͿԡ
ãϧûܿ۷ʱ̡һ죬ϧҡ
̧ۿգƺңԶδʱһǡ
漴ͿʼΪһƬƬĻƽ㣬ϵĳ˷Ʈɢȥ
ϧһߡ
гĬκ󣬸̾˵
ȻǶ֣ǵˣǶսս⣬ֵͬþ塣֪Ҫսⲻ޴ǱҪսòսû·ûѡ
ˡ
վġ˾壬Ҳӵһߵϡ٣˿ڸ
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1182 
꣬Ѫ꣡
ƺڸС
ѪǵķΧֻڴ׻ʳͥڵƬ½أͥйս۵Ƭ½ص˹ˣ˶˹켣ˡһ䣬ȻΪ֮Уһ˳֮ĸеĴ
ȻƬ½֮⣬ǲģûʸ
ս¯ȼս⣬ȼѪò˵һ̵ıħһ㣬أޱȣǿֲѺۡ
ڣѹ̫֮ԵʮСǧ֮ѹֲ̫б֣Ҳֻ޵߶
ҲԸս

սˡ
ɱɱɱ
ͥʿԸսҲͶսǲܸɱս
սʿĿñսĻ棬ƮѪ꣬ŭѾսηЩսʿʲôη
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ɱ
СΪͥһսͥһս
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о仰ʤڴǰǿҲҪյˡ䣬ʱ׻ʳеĶǿ߷׷׼սƳһɴҲ׷ʩչͨսϲϹ
ǹལ߰սûһööͷ­նϡѪ⣬߸߷
дʿս
ЩʿҪ˵沫ɱǾӵĶ֣Ǹ˵Ϊսò˵ȷʵ൱ˣսϣɱֿν
ΰһٶ˥ߡ
֮׻ʳߣĿñ󣬶ʱʿ񣬼ֱ磬ɱӿ񱩣սڽһ漴ͳ׳Ŵ׻ʳʼ㵹ʤѾߡ
ɾ壡
ٴοһ۱ɢּ䣬ѾȡУ˵öʯ⣬ʯر
Ҳһ챦˵һռ챦У̺һʮӴĴռ䡣棬ӵһôĿռ䡣
ԴƷ
䣬ռеĽȻʧ
ȥ̽һ£ȴ֣棬ûʲôƷĶһЩͨƷرͿ
Сɲˡ
Ŀ⽥䣬ƽڣûоСɵϢȻڴս֮ǰѾԼðٺãѾƬ½ءңѾű֮ģϲûЯʲôʯ㲻ر
ɼЩӦǱСˡ
Ȼ׼
ҲԸͥսһѪܶϾͳȥȻҲὫ챦ܹٶȳɳ

˿̣ڿƽԭԵһۿڣȻԿһҴҴأһĴҲеؾľϸڴо޴ĴһްĸоңϸĻͻ֣ᷢսûȫˮУˮϣûˮ
һңǱרõؾһʦϰ˲սõǼΪᣬȴʮּӲĲϡͭ
ʮּ̲˵䱾ëʮֵأеǣһɣսɢһң᱾ܵ˱ᡣ
븡ʯ˵һҿдսиװսӵǿս˵ķȫǼͥı
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Աϣսңս޵Уӱһ壬ս޲ʤ޲ˡ
˿̣޵սϣԿãСվڴͷսƽԭڱ䣬Ѫʱ̣һᡣ
ѪеϵܵĸӦԼĸѾˡ
ģҲ㶪ġһ죬һñһ磬šһøʧġ
еˮǿ˻ȥ
һ̣ѾûпȨҪȥһ죬ٴعƬ
£Ǹˣ˵һĻǾͱ뿪ģͥӣϣٶȥֻ»Σա
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дһ˿ء

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޵սԶȥ뿪ƽԭҲ뿪Ƭ½أããджȥˮڿ£ȴʮѸͣգۼ䣬ʹƽԭʧ

һսɱһһҹڶ峿նʱɱŽɢ
ϣսѾ壬󲿷ֱɱСֱѾɢҰ
ڼƳǣʹ֮Уս
̤ƳʱǼڼԣҲɵİ档ƳǾȻֱգԲһɳǿġȻһĺôʵ̫ˡ
ȻɢҰǾټ׷ɨսнʿӵйѫ۹͡ҪĳɳǱٶȳָ򡣡
׵ͷ˿̵ĳУȺÿһ϶¶һϲ֮ɫǹڶûнôˡ
һսսͥǳ׵ı
ҲζţͳһƬ½Ψһ谭Ѿױγ½أԴΪ𣬳Ϊ׵Ľվڸ۷λá
³ʦ칤ɳǵٶȱӿ죬Գսн죬ɿ˿۳͡
ٴ˵
ϷģûУɳǵٶȣȫԴﵽһ콨һͬʱĽ̡
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ڽɳѾӵй̶̣Ψһ¯שޣһ̲ͣҲֻôࡣ
£ѾӵʮɳǵķˮʦѧͽʱڽɳŲƵָλáŵ˵
ܹɳǵķˮʦԽ࣬ȻɳǹλٶȾԽ죬ѹҰھսʱȻٶԽԽãĻԾܵıļʡ

ʱͻȻ䣬ֻдһƴ
ôеֹ׷̧ۿ档
УȻԿոշ˿̵νǳ׵˷ˣһ󣬾ͳŻƽϿɱȥ
ܿƽϿյƺУ˱ɱʮǷϣ䣬ԣͬش鱾֮һټͥսܣӵ
֮׵ȴ硣


1183 ƺ 
ڴ˿̣սĻûκγɡܲסĳ˱ɱȥ
𣡣
˱ɷŭ𣬾ͳɱȥȻûзֻֿҪܣǾͿ϶Ѳ˱ɵ³ǲĿ¡
ֵֻֿԾһ޼µ顣
һ飬һǻʳ飬ͣͬϴ޴Ĳࡣ˿̣Ӵɱ£գۼͽ˱ɲ˺飬ſھȥģһױȵʢ硣
ɵĹУܿۿɼٶڱǡ
һٰʮɣ
һپʮɣ
ɣ
ֻ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿɱ䣬ﵽɾ޴̾УһȻ
ƺһ̻㣬ſڼ䣬ͥƺھ̹ȥǻ棬ʮֺˣͷ·һֻ޵׶㣬ԴԴϵĽɽȥ
Щ˵ɣٴοʼ
ɵͥƺѾŵʮɴС
ԴˣƺδתͷƳϿյƺɫƺһֺ嫹㲩⾳漴ȻʼƬƺſھʱ׻ʳкȫɣٴαǡ
֪Уۿɼٶ͵ɴС
Կһεΰ£ĿʼС֪УȻΪһöɫ飬ſȥ
ȥĿиֳһĨ֮ɫƺõԲһ㡣УøӵǿɢѹԽӵŨ
ƺȻˣ⵽ô£ǰûгıʡ
Ҳһ̽ڣΪһö顣˹졣ƺʲô¡
һĻôȺҲɰһ˿죬Ͼǵ֪һֵ߸ԵĹ̡

аڶ̾С
ţͿܣ׵ĳһƽ⣬Щ㣬ۣΪһƽɫƣʼۡʼΡ֪УѾʼţֱȫڽȥȫڷԲɷΧ
ʿǲɫƺһ¶֮ɫ
ƺȻǹƺ
֮ǰƺȻᱻƺȡ⵽ô¡
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ǵģǹƺɫĹ۳ƺ̾գһϣÿһƹУƺ̺Ŵ׻ʳĻͻ͹ơ
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ˣ¡ศɣȱһɡڹƺ֮£һʿѹƣһ֣ͻܵɡ
аԺиֳѶϢ
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һʿʵ˳֮ҪǿĶ࣬Ҳ׳ֶһ˳֮ĹǲܣǲңҪԳ֣ܵķɣֱ뵽һֱ״̬С
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Խǿ˳Խûж˸ҳ֡
ȻⲻǾԡ
֪УɫĹƺȻȻ䲻һʿûûͫǺѿƬƺġôʧҪĿãֻ»Ϊֻһξ
𣬲ӵ˳֮ǰ黹һ̡Żһֱȵڡӽ󣬹¹ƺ
Ѿеı仯
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൭ȻһЦ˵
йƺڣҲûа취̽ȫòֻ˵ǿһƬצġǰһ޼ɵǼֱǾԲܡܹͫƹƺ¾õ

󣬳
εջʵ̫ˣ󵽲ĵز
ĴսѾ󡣳еһ飬գٸһʮˮʦѧͽʼɳ˷š
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ǣƳԭλϣҲ³һµɳǣңΪԴǣţǴ׻ʳĵط塭Ƿ
Դ֮Ƭ½أΪޣ˭޳ɣ˭ԡ
ڻʹУһƽĴ˳лصٳ˷ɢȥ
Ƭ½ϣѾûκܹ赲׻ʳĽŲӲ赲׵־ڻݵƬ½ʱһָӵĿ⿴ա
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˵ҪҪ˵ҪҲҪ
û˭ܱиʸƬ½ؽ
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޽ᱻ½ءѾһҫǴ׻ʳ޵֣ҲϿɡ
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У֪Ϊ½顣
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̾


1184 
ޣϿɣ˭һͳһ½أƬ½ػȻ׻ʳһͳ޵ľ棬Ѿɸˡ
嫺˵
һս嫺ڣͬΪƴһս嫺Ȼ֪ܲǣֶΣһս۵סĿĴսĿñսȼգ߶Ҳ̹̹һߵݡ
Ҳۿչ¶ǿ
ںʱѾȫԽԪ񾳵ĽޣҲûа취ֵز
ѹֱ֮Ƿһ㡣
һӦþ׻ʵı˵Ϊڿǿֻ챦ѾԻء⣬Ӧںռ䣬̺ž޴ѹ֮ͬ˵еĶʮ챦ƽ籦
˵
ֻжӵ˰Եܹݿ࣬ӳ˵ƻǿԴ߶֮ѹɱ֡
ȻͬΪġ
ﲻʮ챦ĵزǱǿҪĻȴô׵ģڻ챦֪ңҲ޵У˿һ鱦ǿҲҪ顣ֲΣǷ֮ײ
嫺ƽ˵
Ȼܲܳɳδ֪ҪöɳҪԴֱܽһֱӱ⵰׿㶼Ҫο֪ģ󲿷ֶҪɸָĿռ䱦öšյĲһҪġ
Ȼȫ벻ֱһ˼ɵĴθлռ䣬ֱﲻֱ̣ӷԪΪ֮ڿռ䣬ΪرԴ֮
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ѡҲǸͬЩֱѡ챦ǿдŲƳȥЩûŲ챦ģ£òѡ鸽
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Ѿ׽ͼҲѾռݴ롣Ҫ˶ãͿԳɲ֣ɳǱ鲼ټϷޣͳ׵İͼ֮ڡ
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ⶼǱ˳ᢣܴƬټĻҵʮڰǴ඼ڼΪ»㡣֮Ϊ
վһԣĿ˵
УԼܹһʼиǸеˡڻʹ֮УͬλȨأƹܻʹڴС˭Ҫһܹ
˵ܿܿײϱǿԽԽǿ
Уν֮ߣܱȡ
ɽףؽɽסΨǿϢýսš
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Ȼף׵Ļǽ衣
ڵĴ׻ʳνǰٷϴˣʵڻǱȽġûа취ֻʱƶɳ
£һ꣬Ǽʱ䣬ֻɱ䡣һС
ңƳǿνȫƯգǾֹʼڲϵƮƶλãƮǰһǱߣһ̾һߣĿĵƮҪңɲô׵飬ͨɳǵĴ󣬲׵ĵִƳǡ
Ƴʱ޿̲Ѳޣһأ޶ԣûʲôصһͬʡ
ȶŲɺӵá
£ߺＴ̣ǰ
ʱһòνǧһĹŮк۾һ漴ͽ˵
ʲôߺ̣Ҫô
඼ɾ¡һĪļڴӿ
ߺ̥ô꣬ҪˣҲζţԼĵڶλҪˡ
ãǰ
붼룬¼䣬Ѿͤʧգۼ䣬Ѿߺס߹Сܿ˿̣ŮѾۼ߹ڣһͦŴӣ̵ȻҲԶˡ

Ůе׷׺


1185 Ů洴͸
ô
пٿѯʵ
ģ߼õΪʣĻԲκ⡣οѾ׼ֲȱأܿͻϲѶ
Ц˵
Ҫ֪ʱǽУڴ˵Ǿϲ£ڴͬʱ׼ýˣȷκʱ򣬶ٶӦټʿʣȻڷĹУĿԾ΢΢
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߹дһʹ
һҪĸƽһҪ˳˳ǧҪ⡣ǧҪһ
ص߶һߣڿл૵ѾϲŭԱһ̶֪еĲж󡣼ǲƵĵز
ЩҲ޷ơ
쿴ô£ΪʲôͻȻϼ⡣
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߼ĺӿ϶򵥣츳ǷѹֿԻ̥ôꡣСٻ¶Ľ֮ɫ
ɻ˵굮ʱҲ󣬶ңǷӵɻ˲Ѫ츳֪һΣᵮʲôľʡ
˵߼ѪΪǿΪɯѪ֮ĸͬдþԲѰѪ
ʹ£ĿõֵˣаԲ²ⲻѡ
ҲϲѣǴδĻáԽ࣬ǾʹŴ׵Ĵиȹ̡
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ţȻԿһΰӰաǵӰϸȥǷϰˣ°βһ£ճߣһеöϡ
ȴ˭ڿ󣬶޷κε֮ġ
Ů洣
ܵģиֳһͷӰŮ˵еϴͨߡУһӹɵʥˡ
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Ůʯ죬Ů˵Ļ档һĻĻĿãһ侳ĸоʮѤһĸд
µֻ𺳡
һĻ֪ƳжٰŴͣþúϲ£ȫһ¶״̬СһĻ̫λã̫š
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˵УŮģȻǲģ޴ӿ֤ں£еһжδ֪ȻⲢŮ洵еĵλ
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ʱͻȻ䣬֪ǲǴƺеŮжһ˿鶯ǻ۵Ĺâɨӹȥƺһ֮䣬޾۵ףиֳһĨȻ漴͵ͷʹ߹
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գ·׳һΪһ⣬ǰֱӳ߹׹ȥ
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飡
üͷһԥĳ߹˽ȥ
빬УͿܣŮһɫŹ֣𾪵Ŀ档ڵϣȻԿһö˶ʾ޵ڵУݳһƺײ޵
һöѵһԵˡЩСһûһʡĵġ
Ŀã̲סҡͷЦ֮ǰ˸ĳһɻˣߺҲһԾͲѰá
öȷʵ߼ģһſٻشܵĹŮҲͷڸոգۿö޵߼ĶġйһξҲţڴϾɻ˵ǰ
ڴһλֻӵʲô츳
꣡
ʱƣԸܵö޵ɢԽԽʢԽԽǿҡǺ¡ײǵٶƵʲϼӿ졣
һֻ̣Ǿ޵дһھ޵ıȻһѺۣ⵽Ѻڳֺۿɼٶȿӣ͸֩һ飬ٸö޵
ۣ
ö˵һɲǡһ߿洫
ľ޵УȻԿһŮӤڷޡҲԵʮ죬Ȼϰˣ°ܿϱ鲼ʵƬУɢһϢһֱ˵Ķʡ
ŮѪŮ洺ˡ
ĿãҲһ˿𺳡
߼ӵ֮ĸѪôŮ洳ϹϵӵżΪŮѪһ㣬гŮѾ֤ŮѪй
ҵӵ֮ĸŮѪŮ̳еŮѪ
߼Ŀãһ˿ϲ˵
ΪʿǷʮԪɷڵһʱͻָ롣ͬڹעԼµŮǱ֪ܵ䴫еѪ
ˢ
ֻŮӤϴ֮ɫܱߵĵǻΪ⣬ȻȻû뵽ڣϵƬԽӵǷ
УȻܿһöʯţĳ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ʯһ˲ͷı仯
֪УȻĿʼҺۿɼٶȻΪһֻֻȻĳŮӤϣΪһֻɫֻƺصķ˸
˲Ϣ䣬ûƤ֮£Ϊһɫ̥ϡԵʮ졣
ͬʱܿµβʧȡ֮˫ȣҪ֮ǰĿã¸Ͳţǰʵġ
ŮѪλһλ˲õŮ
Ŀã̲ס¶һ˿Цݣڶߺ˵
ŮѪѪԲɻ˵ɻ˲ѷɫǱӾˣǿ󡣲˵ģŮ洲ϵǾͺʡѾ˵һС

ŮӤֻ˵һ漴ͷöЦ
ΪŮȡһְɡ
ߺЦ˵ִнӽ˹ȥУȻȻһĸԵĹԡ
ǰһ
ŮҲˣ֮ǰĻ棬ۿС
ȫܸܵλոճСһһѪݣǶǷͬһܸ˵еϴܲϵ
ǰʣǰôɰ
СҲŽıߺǰŸոյã۾һգһգġǿɰ


1186 
Ů͸ɫʯΪлνһŮѪΪʥ𣬼ȻˣǾͽ飬飬ӽ󣬾Ҵ׻ʳĶ鹫
΢ſ³һ
Ż£Ȼһּ
׻ʳ
飺ţ鹫
ʳ
˲Ϣ䣬һεѾڸոճϡʱܿɫⲻתѪƺĿáϴˢʸһѪӸ߹
Ҫ֪ʳ֮׻ʳλ췭ظɱ䡣ڵʱ£õ޴棬ҪȻҲ˶ʱڣԴԴϵĵǿߡϵسͻͽ
У˳֮ʮٶȡ˹¼
{ʺ}ʮı
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һƷʮٶȡ
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮ˱
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Ʒʮ
Ʒ˱
Ʒı
Ҳ˵ڵ뷷⣬˲͵õڷһֻҪʼǾʮٶȡΪԶˣһǧǴܱɾţӲҪ˵ǱʲˣΪٶȾͻѸ͡
ɻˣʣǲΪǿ߶ѡ
ɻͿʼֻ񺣾ĹϵĴĥʣپѪģ໹幦Ϊ粻ͻƣͻƵ̫粢ʲô¡ԽǿӵпӸ߾ʱ
ҪȻЩ꣬ɻ˵ʣΪ˵ĲΡ
飬飬ֲ
߼о׽һ׵ͷֻǺġ
ӵŮѪа챦Ժעϲ߼áЦ˵ûʲôʼ֮ģ˭µģǶڴ׵Ļӹ׼ҵһӡοҲʲôƶ֮ˡ
ҺͲˣ
ڵĴףٷϴˣŪʲô۶ӣǸԼҲڡ
ʮһ׻ʵڶŮϼ죬ǧŮ洴͸鹫ͬ졣
Ǵʷµļءνڴʷ²һʡ
Сܿɰ
ӸտʼһҲ߼˿Уֻ۾ڲش¶һǿҵĺ棬öЦ
ԴˣŮĸ緢׷ǰΧ߼⣬㱧һ£ұһ£ͣĶŪС顣һЦſɰ飬ûвϲġ׵ģҪһ¶˫ֻε˻
վһԣŹܰĳ档Ҳ¶һĨ΢Ц
ŮðĵСް
ҪġҲ뻨һȥػġ

߼һλСϢ̵ʱѾ״ķ֪ʱܿһɳУ̻ѤĲҹաǻ棬ͷ·Ƿһ
ⲻֻǶĵףͬҲǶԴһͳ޶еԵϲá
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ʱһΣ֪УѾȥ¡
Уȫ׻ʳͳ֮£Ѫֱӻ޶ޱԵһɳǳ֣ѹһٺǽһۿڣд
ЩԴ׹ٷ죬佨죬ɹˣںϳеս½ϣڴеİնԣӳأңҲ̺Σգдĺޣиֹǿˮ岿䡣УдڵĸֱԴͽ˵ıء
ҪͱҪսҪȻϾʿͿշУҪķԪģԪľҪˮУûսʲô鶼᷽㡣
ںУ˳ǴˮʿԦž޾սܱߺѲӣһҾ޾սһ޴ĳ㣬ʱõǷ󷨣䣬Σþ޾սڴУˮ嶼δֱܷǼٵġ
Ҫ޾սףеǣҪǿ͵ļһɣԻֶΣĥһööϳһޱȼ̵ǣģͬһ㣬ϰڶƶսǰ
ң޾սڲռ޴ÿһҶǧʿȻǽԽֵֶȥĻɵĽʿ࣬һ򶼲⡣
ľ޾ս㽨˲һңغѲӡ޵ĻҲǺĳɱЧոϵѪϣνһá
һ졣
ڻʹڱСɻһˣʱ
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˵
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תȥʱ³ʦѾǰ
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ãھͳ
кԥ˵
С齻ԱߵĹŮ߹һ䣬Ѿ³ʦһǰڶƽ硣
ƽڴ׻ʹ֮¡
ҪŽС칤ȶڡ
߽ȥȻԿƽʮһȻȻķֲܣ˵ƽеĿռ䣬ƳҪС١ңʱƣЩɹƽ绹᲻ϵš׳
˿̣˾վ칤ǰ
ϸȥ칤˵Ǿ޴ޱȣл̺ŹסŴʿܹɽܶ๤ÿʱÿ̶оŸּա
˵ÿһ꣬칤еıͶʮϰ֡Щ棬ЩֱӴȥ츣׻ʳ
̤칤󣬾ܿȻľ
޴¯Ͱڷ칤ڣʱ޿̲ȼţԴԴϵשĲϣʯʣ۳
Ŀʯ̺ʣֻ¯д󣬲ãֱժ¥д
³ʦĴ£һƬ
Ȼһ޴Ժ䡣
棬ܿȻڷһɫս
Կսʮ죬棬ȻȻĸֳһɫơƺܿصķ˸ȻûأȻ
ɫսеɫս
Ҳ΢΢һĨ
ɫսεսɫΪɫɫսеһ֡ҲʺˮдУٶȼ죬ңˮμǱˮס


1187 ɫ
ɫսУɫսΪꪡˮУ߰㣬޼ɣҡ
ɫսǿ֮ǺʵģҲӹɵġأңǿսΨһǣĲϣƲ֮Ʋ̺֮ԣһ㷽ûа취ۡһ㣬ɫս죬뵽Уòת޾ս
˶ΣҲûа취顣
ڵõ޺󣬾ͳױȫٵġ
޿ؼһֶޣΪΪʳȻȻ֮ȻƲǣΪޣлþƺ֮У޿ռǿսǿƾ
棬صģ޿ƾ顣
Щֱ꣬ӽ޷Уңʱ仳ڵǲڿռ䣬޿ٳɳңԸٶ۳ƾ
ƾʵ۳ľ⾫˵ȴ·õƷڷͬƷԣᵱǷ³ǿһööˮʯľʯƾҲ׾۳ġ޵ÿʮ۳һöƾ
ƾķɲСгԴôС
̺ԡ˵ɫսõĲϡ
Ϊڣʱȡٵƾ
Ȼ֮ǰǳƼƻ¿
ǰһңƾΪҪƶɡ
ɫսҪƾʵҪ̫࣬ΪɫսͿԴС⣬ƾƣֻҪԴСƾͿƳһɫսΪƾԵʣɫսӵӦĵر
СʱԱɰƴСһֱӻΪһȻʿ⣬Žܱø졣
ǰɫսûԵ̫󣬿С磬ֻһ·Сӵһ㡣ʵֻҪԸ⣬ʮٱ
ƾڣͼֽӦ·ģԶصķϣ棬ѵľ̷ģ۷УֹͬʧܡҪƳףУɫսĺڣɫصĹһСģؾͻ۱вϻһ
ҲɫҪõȻǲѡ
˵ɫ۵ĹҲɵһпѣǹ̲һѡ
ɫսͨսۣ˵ۣͬһ㣬ѲۿԸգΪƾƣëٶȸʮ־ˣۣƾԪЧʼͣõѡ
ԣۺؾҪһ㡣
ɫ۵Ķľɫء
ȻʲôɫۣҲͬɫ۹ؾεءڹʱҪרŵķ󷨣Ҳ򵥣ҪƾҪˮԵĶⱦġ磬εҪˮԱľˮʯ
ֻвҵˮԱģĽУȡĲϣ½ϣǺޱȣָ
ˮʯƾεأУܳκεĲκһֻң׻һ
ӵεصսۣؼˮΪԴԴϵṩת
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׵ͷ漴Ͷǰɫһָʱۿɼٶȿţ˲ͱһʮ׳ۡ
һ䣬Ѿ̤ۼװ֮ϡ
̤ȥ󣬵һʱ䣬ĸܵεڳϵתԪ޾ˮ֮ΪԴԴϵĹעУ뵽ڵķ֮ڡ۵ķΪɫʺƹԻΪ⴩ա
עԽ࣬ٶȾԽ졣
ˢ
ɫ۹âһ³ʦ빫һգʺǰڲʺŵ£˲Ϣ䣬ѾΪ⣬ڴغһۿǰ
ں۾ô·ͨսһںϡһεںƯ
漴д߶£ۿɼٶȼͣţεԴԴϵļȡ޾ˮ֮۾͡
תۼ䣬ͱһȻڼװϵĿռ䣬ȫһʿ
Ȼ棬ƾɵۣС⣬Ȼ˶౶ûôκõĸо
аԵͷƾ֮ɫۣƾ졣
ɢɫ⣬ڴΣȻһ㶼ûиоԺˮǣоˮˮдܿģһεɫ⴩ȥ˷ˣٶȾˡ
ٶȣȶݹѷɫӾˡˮΣгˮ֮ԴԴϣپãҲһʼһ
иһɫ۵ٶȺ󣬰ԵͷĲ˵һʿĶݹͲ׷ۡ
ڸÿ۵Ĺ
۲ٶȣͬҪ߱ǿĹ
ɫ۵ĹֶξǺꪡ
Կɫϣһ޴ĴڴϣȻֳһĻ棬翵ĴϣֳһƬĴ󺣣ںϣȻһ޴ĺɢ޾ϣ˸оԾĸܵһɲŭѹ·ѹ
еѹ֪
Ǻ񿴲òȴĿһɫУ޾֣·󺣵ϡ
۵Ĺͨ
ҪۣȻףͬʧܹٴβճɹ
һ䣬߶ͨ
ʱεкעУڴڣɢһƣ·һ̣׻˹иֳŭĿܵĺ˶ھ
꣡
ǰһӡ
ʱһ޴ޱȵƾճڴϿգںϣ澹Ȼ˲ֲֽֿ˸߸߾𣬻ΪһյĺХХдݳǧҵˮ֮ͻᱻʳƬǿ󶼻б顣
ˮᣬҲա
һ񱩣κҪĿ¡
ˮ飬˵˵ѡ
˲Ϣ䣬յĴХѾγɡ
ֻ֮У޷־ıʱܿЩ޵ΪһѪ


1188 ƾ
ⲻͨĺХХˮֱǧ򻯣̺޾ֽɱֻ֮¶ᱻʳһ黨ֻһܿԲڣ޵ʬƯںϣЩʬ壬ûһģȥȫǲҲ̶á
Уһףף׵ĺ޲Ľ׵ĺ޶С
֪⺣ꪵȷʵΪԵ
ȻǶͼֽɡˮУ֮ڣɫ۵ݺ˷׵ͷɫҪٶٶȣҪзҪйκУӵһңԵɵ̣ײġ
ɫ۵ļأɫۿԴԴϵļȡƾӦԵĵرɽвɱǱøǿ󣬸졣չֳսԼ
³ʦƶ˵
ɫ۵֮
Ǳ̫ǿ
ȻȴԳ֮ΪѲͬƷ׽ƷڵɫۣƼս
аԵͷ˵
Ʒ׷Ϊƣ˫ϣ𣬲࣬بţ㡣
ڵɫۣƼεսѲںܶʱƷ׶ͬ׷ҪǿƼѾκηѷɫ
ɫκεɫսгΪ˫ϵǿǱɫۣӦþнǱ
Ц˵
ɫ۷ΪɫɫյɫۣκһϣγһȫµɫսĪ⣬Ӧ˵ʺӦսս
ԣɫ۲ܳΪսԼս
ȻɫУɫʺںսΣ֮ͬһҪƳսǧ򻯣ҪˡڽУκѣȴ׻ʳҪ񣬾ǽɫ۾ܶĽǳս½ص죬
Ķɫ۵ĸвԣӹɵս
Ƭ̼䣬еĺʬһպ漴תʹɫۿٷƳǣηأûʹòʺţǽ۱ٶȣƳǷأ̣ͬǲ۵ٶȵж졣
ò˵ٶȣȷʵܿ졣
£ģĴ߶ֻۣԺ㶨ٶȣͿԴﵽһǧٶȣҪǼӴ߶ٶȻֹ
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ɫƳĲ࣬ȻѾɹǺʣٶȻԽԽ졣
ܺãڵĽȣӦÿƳ㹻ɫۣʱͿ׼Զӥͥ׷Ź
ǳ۵ʱ̣Դ׻ʳΪԭȵĸկĿô£Ѿ׷ѡ˳ףڴ׵Ĳ£ɱɳǡ
Ұصģ˭֪ڻҰоŶٵΣա
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ھ봺Ѿߡ
޶ɢһϲա
֪УѾ졣
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ų
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ڼҵƳ壬ͫ|ȵȣһسԳڳϣ໥棬ҲЦݣ¶΢Ц໥̸һƬƽʱʩ죬ڳϣ໥ｻҲΪ˴ױøã˴֮䶼ûгޡ
ڴΪУҪһ¶⣬ԶԶ໥ڶѹȨĵز׵ƷƣƷƣĸϽĵн;Ͱ࣬ҪֻҪɼ˹ǽҲ򵥲
ල£˵ȫõŪ١
˵ڴ٣ҲѡֻҪвܣǾͳ綼гͷصĻᡣ
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һͳޣɳǱ鲼ޣ㼣ҰΪ彨һƬϢЩйڴ׻ʳעҪʷŨīزʵһʣһ㣬κ˶һ޷ֵջ
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1189 
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ʣĴڣǿô׻ʳøǿ󣬵̸ۺ񡣴棬ɹ

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ˢ
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ĿãһƬ䡣


1190  ߸
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߸ĳ֣УȫΪ˸սڵģҲǸڵġ߿νศɣսĻ


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1192 
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ߣҴڳйһ䣬ȻҲͲҪʼˣЯҾ죬ʱҲԸܵ׵ж಻˼顣
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Ҫ˵ʲôãǾ޷ǰһѹŮΪ¯ˡΪǰ飬ǱžһΡԴˣҲĲˡ˵ʵڣлһ˿

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ɫëɢһִȻϢڿ󣬲ɵһ׽֮ġĽ䱸᲻ķ⡣صǴͷһȻëϸȥͯ˶٣ʮơ
ƳǣƺҲԵʮֺ棬ֻ۾У¶Ŀ⡣
Զ񡣡
ƳȿԶڵһоѾ֪ʲô
Զ˾Ȼʱ
ڼҲЦ˵
Զ޺ҲһȺˣ׼ǲԿ˺Ȼֻ˵һ£Ҫ߹˵Ľڲ٣ǽڲټͦбѵĿܡ
λ̹ͣ£һ
пеԶֻԶǰκһֻҪ޴󡣶̣лвٺøУҪ֪ܹ֮ҪǵеõܴӡҪߵĵزֻǲܵġ
Զƺõָʾ
ڵõеҲƬ԰С
Զ¡
ȫԿֻԶж޴ıϣȻһǡȻǺܴ󣬲ܿȷʵһǡ
ķԹ硣
λѣԶðǰ뵣
ڳ߳һۣȴݵĸһһȴԲĸƵãò˵ʮءӡ̡
סⲻǼֵôпˣ̲ס¶һ˿Ц⡣⻹Ǹˣˣĵһλ̣ҲǼֳšû뵽Ȼʱٴμ档
ԭ׵ѡ
ֳſУϵЦݱøӵŨ
ǳϦҹҲҴ׻ʳһһȵ磬ѵѣһһ
Ц˵
Ǽĳ͹ˡ
ֳҲѵЦЦͷӦ
Զ뵽ڵ֮ͤڡ
һϯҲʽʼ
ζԴԴϵĶ
ͤУֻŮǼ磬˿ֳ̣ŵҲûԵþ˿ǰʳ𣬼ֳ̲ס̾ȻĳѾѱطǳ֮Ҳû뵽̶߰ʱ䣬ѾȻԴ˴һƬҵüĳա
ֳŵĸ̾ȫǷĵģ·ޣȫ⣬ԶڵΣûȷĿ£ûжģɵЩطȥˣһпܶٷءȫû뵽ܻص
ٴοֻһССկ֮С
û뵽Ĵ峤һҡһ䣬Ϊ׻ʳ֮ңռޣһ·һɳǵķܿ׵׷ı仯
ȫǸ컻ء
е𺳣һ㶼١
ЩǱƳĶѣǰǾͻᶪǿҪūѪʳߵ죬Ϊ֡
ƽ˵


1193 ´
棡
ô򵥵֣Ϊ֮ĴۣȴǳġҪ˵еһ٣ʮһʼĶ֮С磬ÿһϣĹǺѪҪǴޣҪٶʮʬ
ףϧ
һ㣬ֳ֪֪֪ͬĸࡣΪԶˣķ߰ʱУĵطľʤȻطʲôıҾЩ껹õģܲҲһʵĳ̶ֳϣվȽŸ
ɴ󲿷ִկڼΪĻС
׻ʳȣһһڵ¡
׵ı仯ʵ̫ˡҪۿУǵģֻ¸ţǰĴ׻ʳǵСկһ·߹ġ
治ףţеӢţԻĻᡣңЩҲӢŰȻףҲϡǱɲһ㡣
ֳЦ˵
ǱԣоԿ˵ġ
ŶֵĴ˵Ǽʶ㣬ĳǿϲ֪٣ȣҴҲĵ޷ܷ˵һ˵֮Ȥ¡
˵
ĺôķҪ˵ţǾǹھ£ң˵֮໥ϵʵϢȻβģû˭֪
ڴ׻ʳҪȱٵģǶѶϢ˽⡣
Ժ˵׻ʳڻһӣʲôʲô֪˽Ķʵ̫ޡڼֳŵĳ֣δزܶⷽѶϢһֲ
Ȼ˵׻ʳȷʵҵЩ壬ʵ֮ǰ֮ɲ⡣һƬ½Ͽ壬԰ΪȣճǡǸճܹնУͬǿսӵзʦЩʦʩչʮųּաѾ
ֳŻ˵Ҽ´һʵǿİʦ־ͽ´ǲһλ򵥵ıڴзƣڰ´ҲӦƷܹĹˮƳĸвʵ㿴ǰ´еĻңΪң˵һƳĻҡ
˵ţгһöҡ
ҵݵǰ
пҲ˳ƽ˹ȥ
ҲͬʵĽңԲڷǰԪ࣬Уò˵һֶصʸУ棬Ȼֳ壬ڷ棬һͼͼܿһֻۣȴԵЩģƺԵüΪңԶ˿壬ַ·ܹȴǧ򻯣ɲô仯ĶΪһ
ҲǷйۿ
˼ǰôȻһ㡣
öңͼǺ㶨һַңܸ̺ܵʮصѪĻԣҲ൱˼ˡ
ѪĻʲôǾ
øǱӾˡ
ǰң棬ǰ´ƳĻң˵յĻԿԪңѸǿҲ׳꣬ʶÿһ鶼ʮ󡣡
ֳЦ˵
ⶫɷͬһ㣬ʦĸ꣬ҲʶԽǿԽǿȻƿصķԽ࣬ٶҲø졣
ְҿ꾫񣬺ʣֵǿ
ȷʵֱӾ̺صʣֻңȻҴ׵΢ѷɫȴҲûѷɫ̫࣬ΪϣҲܴﵽ
аԵͷĻңѾǳ
˵˻Ȫˮң뾧ʯַҲΪءֳ˵ȻҲһ̽˽⡣
һ֪
ȪˮһȪңƿٻָңؼǣȪˮӾҲϴ꣬ĵõʼɳ
֮Чʣп϶лȪˮڡһ㣬ֳʮֿ϶
´лᣬҪۼʶʶ
ҲЦ˵УָĿãͬһĪĻۡ
´һѣЩ꣬һ彨Ĺȡ˹չǷԷΪƷƳսףǿǼΪսסսʮ־޴󡣡
ֳٴ˵顣
˹˵ǿѪŨһ֧ΪģĹȡ츳ԣս֪Ȼһǿ󡣷ͬСɡսףר˹
ֵ֪Ƿ˹ķսףеĻǷó۸ʣҲδɡ
пֳţԥѯʵ
зսףԲ⡣̣ǱˣֳܷɵⲻţڿսıԼֳŵԸ񣬸ӲܷǰţȻа취Ū̵֡ʱɲһܹġ
ǺǣһЩ̸꣬Ҳؼһʱ׻ʳ䣬ĳҪúÿһᶺһʱ䡣
ֳЦ˵
֮ʱ⣬һ㣬ǲܼ꣬죬ڴ׵Ĺ磬ڹ̸⵽ײʲô¡
Ǻãȹ˽̸
׵ͷʵѾõĴ𰸣ֳУ϶ӵзսסңԲֹһҪȻô˵ݡ
󣬼ֳּ˵¡
磬о˱Ŵɽڴߣɽһɽ泤滨ݣɾһ㡣ޱߵͨӡᴩأ֮޷
½ܴд󺣸بŴ½ܱߣǴ򣬺֮У½أ죬С̺壬ĳ⼸ĵطɽһǶ㲻ϡ
ֳǸп˵
ɫ
ޱߵأ̵̨ǿɵĴؼ䣬ͬķ羰ͬ
Ŷ֪ܷ˵һ˵еĸ򡣾֪޸Ϊ嫺򡣡
۾һԥѯʵ
ӶԷ̽һЩϢⱾֳŵҪĿ֮һ
ѶϢ׻̫ȱˡ
Ȼ׵ԸһǼĳȻûв˵ĵ
ֳζĿһһۣЦ˵


1194 
ôܻ᲻֪еĴ㣬Ҫˣֳǰֶ˵飬鱨γһԴһƷҪ֪ѶϢҪǮġԼ֪˲֪мֵ
ҲҪ˭
ʿͻȻЩ鱨û̸ǮֱӾ͵˵˳
Ƭ嫺򣬵嫺УֻǱɽһǶѣ嫺֮⣬д򣬱磬ຣ֣̺صļձȺഫڼձȺУǺѰֵ磬̺ΪײеĺҲ̺޾ıزƸǿĺ֣üձȺʮֿ£һУкܴܻ䣬òҪ̤С
̺ʯ޵ıʯ˵ƬУǱʯޣЩʮ̺һζǾǱʯ֮⣬ֱʯ֮⣬ǲҪ⿣ҲԳԳؼζʮ棬ʳҶԣȫһãɾ
̺ħʵĶħƬУħʵЩħʵȥڵһϣҪκζḶ́ȥͿԡܸǷ˵ڶħУͬŴıء

һЩ򣬼ֳſ˵䣬׾ٵľ˵
ÿһɫǶص̺С
ܶຣΪ׵ģ壬ͺñǱʯУǿĻЩʯޣڼձȺУֲҲЩײеĺ֡
ЩĲµŮһ
ЩǧٹֵĺĿãĲһء
ձȺʯħ
иһ˿𶯡
ЩԼǰһЩȫǺϣǲĻֻںγɵĺ򣬲ò˵ѵõϲ¡
Щֶ̺ôǿĵʮ
ֵ֪ûеЩǱʯǵӵбʯ֮ĻĳԸ߼۹򡣻жħʵҲͬȤ
ħʵһöܴһ컯ԿٳϣͨıǾ޷ļֵǲҪϿٷҪϵܿ٣ֵ֪
ӲҪ˵ʯصĻǱʯ
ҵƬǻȡıʯ֮Ļа̵ʱڣΪ췭ظı仯
֮ǰõһ鱦ʯ֮⵽Ϊֹ׳ȥ
֪жԱʯ֮ӵжǿ
Ǻǣ´˵´˵
ֳЦ˵
ƺܿĳлŻġ
󣬼ֳҲٴ˵һЩšԴˣе˶ֻʱ࣬˵ʱ٣ܶණǶǵһ磬بŴ½λãһ޴ޱȵĲɽеһɽ˵ڲɽУסŷһ塣Ŵͩκһ꣬ϡ䱦
˵̫ϣнڷС
ţòŮöǽζò˵̵ļŹǹ㲩ޱȡĽ
¡¡
ҹ粻֪Ѿҹʮ㡣ڴǾӭµһʱҲ֮бͷ׷ȥֳҲ·ԶϵĳǳС
һ̣׽ꡣ
һҹŮһͬߡУζ治Ϊ˵ҲŮϵ˸ܵߵܡ
ڶգһ
ƳȻַǷ
̻𲻶ϣֵϣϢϲɫЦݡһ죬Ȼչֳȫµ
һ죬׻ʳڶ񻶡
Ϣ׸ա
Щѵգһ̣׸ܵݵλı仯ǰȣȫͬһ죬ֳŹȻҲƳУôͬһͨһڳι䣬ʱڿȤĶҲֽй
ңȻҲ˽⡣õкȫ޲ڡ
󣬾
һ죬дŲŮһԶϣ̤ų֮ڡ
ôĹųǣЩյ
е̤ųУɨһۣпյģԵЩž
ܿУиֽ
磬̣÷̣¥ȵȣճֻ滹ûˡȻĿģڹųλõһ޴¥
¥ȻԶθ
иո̤ʱԶθҲ漴ֳ΢Ц˳
׵ѼЦˣԶγǸոɽ죬ﻹûпʼˣԣԵЩտһʱӦò塣
ֳЦǺǵ˵
ɽڸ飬ˮ顣мֵڣǾؼΪĳǳءӵĲƸ
ȻһЦ
Ǻǣˣˡ
ֳЦŽеһ·ǰԶθС
Զθ󣬲ĸȵҪݻ١
һ¥ͿĿɱ濴ĻҪһܰݷǰǸָıĿ磬֮޲ȫ§С
ĳεĻﻹ㣬Щһ·ϣҲռٵıУ壬нףӦûȫҪʲô͵ƷܸҳһЩȻЩҲûС
ȷʵԿĻֱ֪ҪٱֱƷʸǼΪڣò˵ȷʵһѹѰˡʲôбΪ
ҩҩҩ챦ĵرްõĸͷľõĹߣʿõĵףȵȣָǧٹ֣ģҲͨġӦӲϾ
̵ĿںžǣֻҪǮûŪı
ҲϽ飬Щͨĳɡ
ɨӼۣ£ֱȻǿȴ˿û̫ġ
һЩıһ¥ûС
׵ǹͣЩȻۣûϵ϶¥
ֳ˿˵
ıȻ
صıǶڶ¥š
漴һ˽¥
¥ͬһƬ޴Ŀռ䡣ֻǣڷŵĻԱȵһҪࡣڻϴݳı⣬ȴԶȵһҪŨĶࡣ
뿴һ˹ķսס
ֳЦһǰָŻϵһƷ˵
ϸȥǿսףʵ򣬾Ȼһöˮֻˮпصķ˸ϱãӵӵһˮ򣬾ɷɵġ
Ƿսס
һοҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ϸ۲죬ȫԿЩĿ飬һʵ̺ĳصϵУʼ̺ĳĹɡ
׵ѿһ¡
ֳЦŽöˮ˳ݵС


1195 ս
ôԣ
вһ˿档
ˮһս׵飬ôоЩƻãЩλá
Ҫ̣öսѾһȨޣֻҪԪעȥĬװͿԿķսס
ֳЦ˵
ã
ûгɣһ䣬һɷȻȻĹעˮС
ˢ
һʱͿеˮ򵱳Ϳʼ⣬ɢһŨ⣬âҫۡЩڷ⡣תۼ䣬ˮʼڻ·һҺ̬壬˸ֱۿʼۿɼٶȳȫӸǹȥ
գ֮䣬ͱһλðսס
սϣȫɷɣͨɫ沢ѤսеķĶΪսϵĶǣЩĲǾֹʼնڲϱáһ㡣
ս׵ĳ£Уеһˡ˸ܵһֽǹԷգն¡
˼ЩĿγǿķ磬ΪͨػսȻԴﵽһ֮ͨϡս׻ܼȡԪάģġؼǣս׺ܷ㣬ȫɷ۶ɡһͻữΪ󡣹ȻŵĴ⡣ΪصĴ¡
аԵͷԸܵеı仯Ҳɰ̾
巢չķ治Ǽٵġȷʵж֮
඼ǻڷĵĻ϶ģ˵ǷҲûд׻ʳڣͬˡ
ңò˵ս׵ķڴ׾еĸս׻ҪӾǿ󡣺ʣƿս׵Ʒڴ׵ʵ޴ĸı䡣
һϵսٴαһöˮ򣬲ŮҲǺ棬׷ùȥһ¡֣սȫ˵ı仯еĽиı䡣ˡϣûиоܣʮֵʡиûӰ졣
ֵѣ֪սγۣԸûˣǶѾ꣬ν׵Ļֻҡ
ƽ˵
Ը鹺ȫûа취²óġоֱԸ鹺ǾǿѪ޹顣
׻ʳҼĳȻ˵ңҲһЩҪ֪Ҳͨ㣬̽ʱõĻҵλҲҡףռ˺ôıˡ
ֳЦ˵
Ϊôܻ᲻֪κ˳ĻңֻҪõʹãͬǾڤڤܻȡһɹˣˣ׳ľ˳Ĺˡ
еĺôǿǴȥ
֪սʲô۸񡣡
ЦЦûнӻѯʵ
ս˹Ķűһսףڷླ֮µʿãȻ챦ֵҲơ׵ҪǾʮöҡ
ֳЦǺǵ˵
ʮ̫ˡ
΢΢üԥ˵սȻ棬һ֪ʽսס˵˹УǾһͨƷпһöҶҪпǼǧöõ
ʵҲȷʵˣ˹йʱѵļ۸񣬻ҲǾǧöңȻտʼۿ϶Ǿǧֻôܻ
һöһĻһսҾֱˡ
п˵
ôܣһöҳɱ۶ԲܣҲϽ飬ɣ˵㣬ǧö
ֳһı飬ҧ˵ɫ䣬ǽһʹࡣ

Ȼɼֳ⿪ۣҪһ۶ѹĻǻеĴ򣬲۸Ҳѹ̫ܹ֮͡γɣȻھܻȡӴ档ֻǱһ̬ȶѡ
գ۸ڴﵽʱоûټѹ
ּ䣬óöңǼս׸¡
֪֮ǰ˵ıʯ֮ǷС
ս׺ٴοѯʵ
ս׻ΣصĻǱʯ֮⡣ǲΪĵġܹΪ޴ɱϹ屦
ûС
еĻһж١
ЩⶼԺп
гڴ
ʯ֮Ļĳȷʵڣ۸񲻷ƣϾʯ֮ʮѵãǱʯޣҲκһֻܹʯ֮⡣ɱҲҪʡ
ֳЦ˵
ʯ֮ζӹɵģؼΪʳ֮һȻⱦʯ֮ӵʳϣӵʳϸжҪļֵǧ𲻻
۸Ȼõġ
Ц˵
뿴
ֳҲһǰһֻϻ
ϻʱһ˸Žľ޴ʯǰڱʯУܸܵŨͬʱһӱʯɢݳŵ̲סʳָ󶯣Ҫ¶ӡϸϸƷ
ȻǱʯ֮⣬ֵ֪׼Ҫ۶١
һǰıʯ֮⣬ǿаסеĿ
ʯ֮ǴӱʯʲôɱһͷҲδҵһ飬ʳʳģϡޱȡ̺ĳ̶ֳϣϴǱǿױȵܡԣ۸񲻷ƣһҪһöҡ
ֳȻʨӴ󿪿ڡ
Ȼ֪ܽʯ֮ɱ䣬ȴܿкҪǾʲô˵Ȼⱦʯ֮ҲһּΪؼԭ
̫ˡ
΢΢üҲڽѹۡ
μֳƺԵóԶһ۸ûѹȥ٣ڴﵽʮʱô½ȥ
ãⱦʯ֮Ҫˣֵ֪ӵж٣ж٣ҶҪˡ
жȻ˵
дһ˿
ĶԲ̫ࡣǮƶѣͲһ¡
Աʯ֮Уһռʮ鱦ʯ֮⡣֮ǰ;УһѾһʦֻʣ¾ſ飬ҪĻȻȫ򡣡
ֳЦ˵
ãȫҪ
кԥ˵
ֿıʯ֮⡣ȷϹûгɣһ䣬߰ٶʮöѾѻǰһ𣬿ļֳ۾ҪЩҿһֻһöᴵһ󣬾ɢö

򰡡
ʯ֮ȡʱʵѣڱʯ֮У˵ȻѰҲľϡȱҶҲȻζɳȥҲֻζĸܡ
ڱʯҵʳϸЩʯ֮⣬õϧʳϸҪֱ֣̫ˡ
׵ѣﻹ챦йۿʵģ̸۸񡣡
ֳ˵


1196 е
ѵ̵ȻҪúÿֻҪкʵģǮ⡣
Ц˵
˵̺ܽӶ̣ҲһϾ̵ʮϡ٣ǹޱߣʲôĵطһӶٳֵڶΣֳܹش׻ʳڵޣͬһ⣬һֻԵ
´οܾûôõ顣
п꣬ǧ֮
Щʲô۸񡣡
һ۾ͿڷڻϴƷ׵ĶСջͨľӶࡣ
һöңͭöʮöƽʮö׽ҲûСֳЦ˵
۸൱ơ
ȻҪֻǺǼ۸ҲҲǰײ˼ۣϾһ齨ͿԿ˳֮·ΣһֲĻᡣ
ãĽʲôƷȫҪˡ
кԥ˵
׻ʳδؽţڽɳǣҲ㽨ģҪԽ졣Ȼٽзַ⣬שɳǡ
˵ÿһɳǣǶһ齨ɱɡ
ûнȻɳҲͽ첻ˡ
ԣڴУڽģǾ޴ġж٣ǶӶࡣȻڴлŴĽճĴûͣ¹ڹٷУڽչƵġ
һǧöͭööƽʮöĻһǧöҡֳڵһʱ͹׼ȷļ۸񡣺ʡ⽫һʴڵĴϵЦݱޱŨЦ۾гһϸ졣
ãȫҪˡ
û潲ۣ۸񣬲ӣǱȽϹڼֳŽȫóҲóҡ
һΣǧöңǽǰĿյضѻķ·һɽܼңɢҫ۵Ľ⣬˿̲סһ𺳣඼Ǽֳḻһ̣Ҳϲáò˵⣬ô졣
ð
ЩҹȻĻңңռֻ֮ңӵˡò˵׵ѹȼ֮
ֳ̾˵
Ҳ֮䣬඼Ϊҵλнס
ôӴһңȻ㹻Ϻܳһʱ䡣
֪׵ܷΪĳṩ㹻ҡ
ֳ΢ͻȻ˵
׽ϵԴԴϵĻȡҵĻɣԽ̣ž޴İ
Ĵ޶λǴһͬ޷ȡϵԣһ޷Ǿ̸Ͻдҡ
ҡҡͷпܣȻϣ˴Ϲϵ˳㽫ҳŸԶţֻ⻹Щڲܡֻʱиı䣬һҸǸ٣嫺УҾһᣬʼġ
Ŵ׻ʳռݵĽԽԽ㣬ȻҵӰҲ֮ӡңǰ֧ŵȥ
ԺҪ׻ʳϵϵ
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ֳѾаԾԺֻҪлᣬ׻ʳһˣҲһλ˵ֱǺûѡ
ˣʲôӣƺЩ졣
̧ۿһܣǻϿһʮصӡô˵أӤȭͷСֻǹǣϲ֪ôģһֽĹ󣬸еıʮֻɢϢȴʮŨߴһ𣬷һĸо
һ챦ӣһʮصӣڰеӡ
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׻ʳõ£ȻЩЩ̬Ҳʼòһ
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Ⲣ֣Ҫ֪УͬŻе壬ӵңӵУϲŭ֣鰮顣໥ܡ־ǵԴȪңĻеʮǿ˵һǿ
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ϸȥǰģȻһֻͷǣңֳͨˮ֮ɫɢϵĵϣƺ˸
һ֪ͨ
һҲ챦ıΪˮͷǡ˵ˮͷʥٻԶս꣬Ҳ˵ˮͷǿӵ磬ԤԣֱԻΪ֮ʿ˲һ磬ֱ磬һǿս塣ҲпܷӡĳķˮͷЩ׽ȷյǻ¡ˡ
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кԥĿ˵
ֶˣ˵һ졣ȻȫڿɶĵķΧ֮ڡ


1197 Ǵ ɱ
һ۸񲻷ƣۣöҡ
ֳŶȻ˵
ˮͷҲʮӣȻǷƷɿѡۣ۸ƫߣҲ챦ʵ֣ڼ۸ϣÿÿڲУһʶ㣬ڼ۸ı仯С
ƶļ۸񣬶ʺļ۸
öңҲѾۡˮͷ˵ֵϾһԵ챦
ãˮͷҪˡ
ٴ˵
ּѾóöңˮͷС
ֿ챦ò˵ֳЩռ챦ǲ챦࣬Ȼкܶ඼ѾõֻҪһֵԥĽ֮УȻǮˮڼֳŵĿڴ
һʲô챦
֪У¥еĴ󲿷ֱﶼʱһ챦ǰ챦ô˵һӣͨɫĴӣӲͽԲεģǿֻ࣬Σʮƽ棬׶⡣һͷһͷ⡣ͨ年ճصĵϣƺܸܵһǿķϡƣκεǰڴǰ顣ǳᱻ顣
һʮĹ
һΪǴڴ̺ǿ֮һöǳǰҲǴ³׷飬ֱֻҪƷһ߶ȣǳҲһ顣̺֮ʮְԵΪ鱦׾ٵ顣
һǴʣһǿĹ챦ǿǱɳȫԴﵽʮֿµĲΡ
챦֪ҪǮ
Ҳɵһ˿Ĺ챦ίʵѵáһɳʡ⽫һĹ鱦
챦ǱǷȻڻֻǻƽףȴΪκʿıԣ۸ɲƣ˰öҡ
ֳЦ˵
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ٴó֣ǴĲ˵ΪԼԿ챦ⶫֻк벻ʡǴҪġ
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ʱеĿҲԱߵĻϡ
ֻһֻϻϻںȻһֻͨѪɫս֧սѪתֻǿһۣܸܵһɱֱԺУһɱԺлص
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ɱ죬ɱأɱˣɱɱɱɱħɱɱɱ
ɱʣɱ壬ɱңɱТɱ²

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Ǵɱ۶һ֧ɱȫܿڼϣȻֳöѪɫɱ֣Եʮֲֿˡ
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ֻ챦սʵ̫ϡˣ֮ǰħսжûҵû뵽ȴò˵ȫһĪԵ֡
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ϹâһֱӸֳ߸Ѫɫɱ֣漴սȻһΪߡ
Ϊ߸Ѫɫɱĳ˷ȥ
֮ܿ飬ػˮڲϱΪ籩ÿٳĿռۿɼٶȷšÿ䶼ڱǡ
ȻɱһɱһΪߣֱӷֻ߸սȻֿɱɱɾоǿƻȥܹзأ߼һɱ
Ŀãһ˿дһɱýøӾ޴󡣺ʡ漫󣬴ǹƾ䡣
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Ϊ֧ս˲ϢƬ硣
ռĴСڷš
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֧ܿɱ˷۶գۼ䣬һһѪ˸ɱУΪһ塣һ̵ı仯Ҳ¶һ˿ȡ
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漴Ȼ뵽Ƭؼ䣬رԴ


1198 ʮһ ԰
ڿٳռȻȻƬռ뵽УҲһֱ̣һ㡣ӶʮŲһ¾ɱʮ㡣ӵʮڿռ䡣
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תۼ䣬ѾﵽԲĴСǲ˼飬컻ذı仯
ͬʱԿɱɱɵɱҲɱ䣬챦ɱдݳɱӾӵŨ̺ɱۿɼٶӡ
ɱɱɱĿɱɱսÿһԴɱ۶ɣʵʺ𡣶ңɱɱգĿ꣬ͻữΪɱѪ⣬ɱꡣȻƷȴǿ
аһ˿ϲá
ʣɱңԴԴϽۡɱڻƽʱһ۳߸ɱɱɱ֮ھͻɢΪСΨɱвܴ档ƽʱɱĴ޵ġ
һܴʮŸɱȻҪʱÿɱһΪߣֻѡ
ףɱѾﵽһ˸ңٶȱø졣һ۾ŸɱͬʱɱӡøӰԵɱ
ңɱǿںУֻҪܼ֮ӿɱٶȣֻҪԸ⣬ԴԴϵۡս޾
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˿Ǵ룬ֽ֮һ뵽С
ʱһٵصĹ̡
գۼ䣬Ѿﵽʮһء
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пһ޴磬һ˿Ժǵ̡Ĳ˵ε磬Ķ̰壬ȫõ
Щ˵ʵ򣬲գ֮ѾɣңУûκβ˭⼸䣬ٴη仯ң̴
ܹۿ
һ챦ѹΡ
вص챦磬оƷϴأ԰Ըȵȡ
УƷȻƵĵطھƷУؼκƣ°빦ϴеĳˮܹսâսøӵķʲôȱڣܽϴ޸ϴأֻսã͵ŽȥҲûκá
԰Ǿˡ
⶯԰ԽݲץȥһץȥͿԽѱ޵ֶΣЩѱ붯԰й˹Ȼ⶯԰ûʲôģԳɿռ䣬·һأһС磬οǰȥۿ
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ĺԸⲻһ챦ıֳ߲ͨһ㣬֦ǧٹ֣ʮֹ졣ι״ģΪǣԸûҶ
ΪϵҶԸµԸԸΪһƬƬҶҲ˵ÿһƬҶһԸԸܲʵ֣Եġпܻʵ֣Ҳпܲʵ֣ȫΡȻԸҪһķΧ֮ڡ
ÿһʱ䣬ԸϵҶͻ䣬ҶвʵֵԸڻƽʱһֻʵһԸ
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ΪǣҶ档̺ԸԸҶУ̺Ըߵڤڤе
磬һͣԸԸԸõʵֺڤڤеһֹ򣬾ͻԸҶôڣȻƬҶУڤڤеõԷһֶпǷпǽҲпͨȵȡ
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棬̫Ŀԡ
ԸϣʲôԸԡ
磬ԸҪǵŮӣһʵ֣ȻˣԸϣʵõɱ䣬ӹűţӦȻһԾΪšҪˣԸʵ֣ȻԲҩָֿܶԤʾԸ֮
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ڹ꣬ҲֳŸǡת뿪Զ񣬻صʹ
ԶƳУȻǴ׻ʳȺע׷׽뵽ֳŵĳǳУڷǵıϲĽ֮һЩ伮ڸоʺԼ󣬶Ṻ򣬹伮ֶǹ±

ػʹ󣬲ŮССһȥ԰ڵĸ԰ι䣬˳Ȫ԰ַ羰
вûиһȥǽ뾲Уҳһϡʯ
һ䣬ѾڵС
ܿĵϿɲԭȵģ˵ȫݱһĶ졣
ӿȪ뵤ȻȻںϣټϡľˮֱ۳ͼ԰
õֱݱһƬ԰ռ䣬԰졣̺УĹռ䡣
յĽǣ԰ռøӵ죬ΪһƬأ磬ңʺֲҩĿռ䡣
԰ռѾﵽԲһǧĴС
С԰ռ˵Ѿʮѵáȫѹδҩֲԭ򣬻ľڣٽ԰ռ䲻ռ
Լ԰ռ䣬Ǵ󲿷ǿ߶еġ޵ľԴ԰ռܹԴԴϳԴиȻҵݣҪ԰ΪеĻҲܸδ롣
аԳ
ݣ׻ʳĵ̣ȫûбҪԼȥ׬ȡԴǹ԰


1199 
ڣ԰ڵĵ̡
ܿ԰УһƬƬﱻѳңлŸָҩȡҲ磬⣬ֲ԰УٳһƬרʳʱԭζǲȱٵĵϡȻ֡
￴һƬ߲˻һֻֻͮͮɢͬɫʣ˿̲סһֿûԣͷ·ܸܵеԸ汬ըһ㡣
ζپҪʼܲˡ
ȫǸͬܡ
Ҫľľ棬һε֮ˮѾ²١©ȵϡ԰ɳĸڡ
ոմӼֳǱ߻ȡҩȫҵطȥһ䣬Ѿöеǰ
еľֻûзѿ
ҪɳȻһ㷽ܹ
νͭͭǳѪƸ֡
漴ָĽʯԴԴϵĳ԰֮УôȻöеܣʱһɹŨĽ֮Ϣɢݶ
δ𣡣
һ֮ˮȻȻĵڻеϡ
˸ֽʯĵĴ̼޶ĻеӶʱͷ˵ı仯öӶڷ⣬ңݳܵĸֱģȻȻɢһɫһĹ㣬Żеȥǻ棬ͺܱߵ֡Թɳ
ֹʮ־ˣһ鱻ĵرۿɼٶС͸»ӷڻһ
ȻĿԼȡĵرгɳеƺûй涨ȡʲôϣңӾвȷԣʮֶ䣬пܣκһʽϲͬ죬һǧöеӣпܳһǧֽȻͬĻеֲȻҾĵرʲôĻеֲ
ĿãԺпֳһͷ
еǣֹϵùϣֶöϵȵķϣȻܻøķգҪʲô϶ľ棬ıȻԽƷĻеֲԽӵ졣챦ʵ
᲻úײǡȻЩ󣬵ֻҪ룬ȻЩͶʱԴԴϵ档ҧҧ
Щĵر֮ҲࡣÿһֶϡȱƷôøеɣôʹĸо
Ǻԥ˳
ҽϣʯҽ֮У۳ϣʮڻκУ÷øӼǿڻԡƷסؽ׼Ʒ
ħмļʽɱ䵽߲ΡӵĶԣܵˣҲ̵ʱڻָңħӵǧ򻯵ĶǶıġƷסƷ
ټϣʯʯؿʯȵȡ
ֻҪǴеıģһ̣ȫŪ˹ȻȫÿֱĶֻóһֶѣϾеҪȡҲֻеһЩоͺãûбҪȫɡ
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̶̼䣬ܿöѾʼѿңѿٶȻʮ־ˣգۼ䣬¶使۵
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״ϿԿöľһңʮأǽ죬˸ŽĹɢһֻɫɫʣһֲԾϵϢ
ģȫܸܵɢϢ

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һеӣԴϱģ֮ˮǰٲݾһ޶ΪֹһꡣΪȡж컯ӵлеʣɼȡޱ֣ΪصĽʣС«ں«УҩҺΪҩýҩɻȡһ׽ҩ񺣾ʿýɽǣøڽУͨʣϴ裬̥ǡ
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ֱҩңĽҩҩУǲκεʣմȾ֮ȻȻޱȵ졣ȻΣҪⲻ«֪ܣᡣ
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ԴԴϵ¶ȥҲʼۿɼٶڳɳһһĿʼߡɱ䣬Ƭ̼䣬Ѿ׶ߵĸ߶ȣͬʱϳ֦һ֦˸Ž棬Щǣ֦֦֮ӵĵطһööصĳ֣Щ֣ڲתǽĻе
ͬһƬƬҶӣЩҶÿһƬֳ󣬾ͺɹؽɣ΢΢ҡ£һöʮֵöڻе
ڲϣʼһööСС««һǽ죬Ȼɡ


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ÿһףͻһ⻷
ֱǻɫɫɫɫɫɫɫɫϽ
һ׶ΣҲɰһ۵¶ΪֹѾĴ룬ټȥĳܲˡ
˵
һ䣬Ӳժȡһö«
ھУȻȻĶһֻСɺ«
«ȻɣƺκεĿ׶ں«˵ĺ«һ٣ַ棬Ȼһתţٱժ¶һСĿ׶ڴ򿪵һɲǣܿں«Уһϼɢݶ
ܸܵһ˱Ƕ롣
ŵһĪĿϸڻȸԾ
ѾֽҪĸо
࣡
ûҩζƣȻɡ
Ҳ̲ס͵͵һĭͽ«ŵߣ򿪺󣬷õʱԽеҩԻ᲻ϻӷɢġĻȫ˷ѡ
ûԥһھͽ«еĽҩҺȥ
úȣ
ںȥԺбֳܵһͷ
ĸоڵʳϸãȻȻԪڲӡͬһʳζʮֶأ˵һ˷еá
ͬʱҩҺֱӱʳɣʳУʳУһ˲緢ǽ֮⣬˲串Ѫꡣ
ͬʱܸܵڵľ񺣡ڽ֮еõɱ䡣
֪УеʾʮֳڣһУܿ㣬ڴ˿̣ӵڽ֮ؿ
ؿķȲֻ˵֮ǰҪһЩ
ϾΪʣʮǿһ׽ҩʮޡ
ϴӣϴ裬ͬ´񺣿ռеĿռݸȹ̣϶õһ̶ȵĽϵ̸ǿǱǿ󡣡
ãлһĨɫؼǣҩ̺Ǹһͨ˷ã˲񺣣ϴ忪ʱڣﵽ񺣾۷壬пܾϡ컯
ɱ䣬ûκġ
֪Ƕôǿ컯κʿ˵ǶԹĹ屦Դǿĸܹһ׽ҩĽ֮󲿷ֶǶá
ɴ˵֪׽ҩӦҪϲɱ䡣

죬Ƴвʿ̵ĵ̣йһЩʲôңֳͬڴпٵ̻ܶ׶ƷĽйҲڶڻ̱ܵľٶ
ڶ֮󣬾޴ԶٴοʼգԶȥΡĽԶȥ
ûãԪ󣬵ڶƾʽʼ
ʼһɳнʼĿƿԣ˵һɸѡ
ɸѡҪͨѡżܵ͡Ĳ˵μӿƾ٣ҪϵãҲҪд֡һΣһβμӵ࣬иҵĶС
ڵ֪һοƾѡγ˲ţ볯ãңкֱܶӳΪһ֮һ˵ͬ⽮ʷһ㡣۾ܿõӣӼЩв֮еĿң¼ģвԭȾͲƾٵġξ
йһξ飬ʣĳ̶ֳϣЩơ
ֻջҪĲܡ

˵ƾݱľУȴ˵С
ֻޱ޼ʵУһöѪɫͻȻѡ
ѵͬʱȻԿд֮緢ͬʱǴξеʼֻ۳ʵ⣬ǽ뵽еʵξڣΪ
ЩУһ֧ӴĴ
ϸȥʮϵս׺ܶ඼ѾáȫܸܵÿһʿɢɷǸոսϻİս
ܸܵһ˿ͬ
ǰ棬Ȼһװ褡Уܸܵһ˿ϲ
ͬʱܻཫıʿ
Ӧ֪֮ǰڵģһƬξ磬õأնҪġֻڣǲʵģңɲȫﻹ磬ֻ뿪磬֮ͨŷ磬ʵ顣
ЦŶһ˵
ʿȻӵһŷʣǲǴʡ
㽫°ԭ򡣡
ʿ˿ܣһĨ
ĲǣѾ֮ǰı仯вһЩңʵݱУҲõ紫ݳѶϢҲ֪ԼܳһĪ컯
ˡʵȲѡûвة붫֣֮֮ǰҲ˵磬ںϣûдҵ֮ۡɴ֮УҪĴŸܼףһ
Ц˵
˵ںϣ
һŰӿѯʵսףǹϣһֶصʡĿУһĨ
һ㣬Ȼ١ȥǾͶס
褺ԥ˵
Ҫ뿪
ʿʳһ⡣


1201 մ˲
ܣʮʿԶĿϣгȣǶԸĽʿ󲿷Ƕˮʿ͹褲£Ȼ˳£ģµĽʿʮ
Ҫ֪ڽ뵽֮սξǣڵһʱͲеı仯ԼȡξԭȵԼΪˮսڡ
󣬾뷨ξʵ֮ǰѶϢеξһߵ󣬴ߣпֻܾΪʵ
⵱У̫Ŀɲԡ
׻ʳȱٵľ˲ţǸֶ˲ţţǶ˲Թ֮ܽսеĽʿشף磬ǿΪױǿשߡͬԳΪҵһͶ״̤׳áͨƾٽ볯Ҫѷɫ
ÿƾ״Ԫ֮Ȼвֻһֱû˵ѣǴȴһοƾپʱμ´οƾ٣ҲҪһٶ״Ԫ֮λն֪仹褡
ƻϲϱ仯
֮ŵĳ֣ٵ磬ڳ֮սԼһӴ󵨵뷨ͳԺС
֮սĽΣʲôģȻ˽һҪʤѡʤҪģҪǴξд˲ţĽʿЩδʱ
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ǲ£òܲٴ󲿷Ƽڳսʱ򣬰Ǳؽһλᣬܲٵ֮°ٳȥسڣڳ֮սУԼܲ´˲Żڳڣһս֮£֮սξ𡣲ߣ׷׾ֻ
ֻھֻĹУǳһЩ⡣
Ҫ֪֮ǰӵеĽʿսıʿɲֻһЩֻھֻУЩֱʧ޷֣·ĭһ㣬Ϊ֮ɢΡ
µȴࡣ
ߵĻƸǣƵȣǴоֶʵ
ڤڤеĸӦףľֲûƵġ
дڵֻ޷ɣָһʷдڵˣֻܴһλֻûеģܾ֡ΨһΨһԽɡ
аԿЦڣջġ
˵ʣЦ˵ȻҲ֪֮ܲܽλȥ˿϶
ɫ䣬һĨŨҵġʮƶ
ĪǣǶ˵Ĵ׻ʳ֮׻ʱ¡
оһ˵
֮׻ʵıܲЯе磬һ㣬ҲǺԷһֻʾ¡
褿ɲؼʱ̳ʲôʾУȻ׵ңЩʿս˲ţǸ׵Ͷ״ֽУǰ̵ӡ
ãǾץʱɡѾȲҪʲô׻ʳʲôĴڣ̫֮ǰξоֻ磬Էϻͯǲ˼顣
ӦһԱϽĻƸǣ˿̾ȻָģңǾָ׳ַ꣬·һεĸоûƸǷĵ𺳡ѾԼ֮ǰõڣʵڡ
ǻƸǣƵս̶ͬȵĻָഺѾɶʮģģָı䣬Ҳ֮ǰܹԼ磬滹ѶϢ
ٻ֮ţ
һ䣬ֱӴ߶ڵ֮ӡǡÿһĴװգڶӡǣֻҪҪ뿪ͿԴ߶ӡǣٻ֮ţȥ
ˢ
Ŵ߶ӡǡȻԿһǰ˲۳һӵĺɫšУһƬء֮š
褸оֻҪԼ̤ȥͿֱӻع磬رڡ
彫ʿıʿ޷ȷЯش׻ʳؿϽ١褲ṳֱ̂ȥǿٽһݵ֮СȻ֪Ƿܹϵϴ׻ʳ뵽Ψһ
뿪ͨʵֶνͨΨһġ
ʵϣȷʵЧ
֮ҲǱǺϤ褷ʱǺ˲ͲһѶϢ¹ս˲ţҲ֪еҪ붼룬һʱ֪ͨȥ
˿̣ھоޣתصϣڤڤеĵۻ֮ͬҲǻ۵Сÿһܸܵӡָо˷ĵá
ҲеȤ
ܶʿһչؾ꣬ʮꡣլСеȤϵɱ䡣
ͬˡ
ڵĵѾҪﵽꡣ
Ҳ˵Ҫ˶ãҪֽѡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰѾﵽİٶĵУʱĿޣͬõвӣԸĻͿԴﵽĲΣʼնѹİپʮеĵزΪڲϵĴĥ
ȫԿһööнᾧУ˸ԣĿã·𿴵ϴ
ϣС
ˢ
ھУһǺƾճڡ
ף
Ǻ˵
ǶĪǳʲô޷ϵĴ¡
пЦЦº͵˵
ǵģǹ硣
ǺҲûгɣ漴ͽ˵һ顣
ʲô褾Ȼ磬ңμ˳֮սڳ֮սнеľȫңʷ켣лơ
Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫû뵽褻һ㡣Ȼ褵ѶϢǲֻ֪ûѡˣȻҲûйĴڿǲˣ׼һݴΪͶ״
˭ǲܲıʿ֮ţܣδػѷɫƣսһս֮УһС
Ҫ˵ŷɶѷɫƣУлǱȽơ͵һԡ
硣
кԥ
һ䣬֮žǰ򿪡
󣬺ԥֱ̤˽ȥ۷ֱ硣
׻Ļ𡣡
Ƹɻ˵
֪ΨһġҪȥûϵ֮ӡΪֻ꣬´νͲǷֿͺ鱨ޱ޼ʣΧ̫㡣
ҡҡͷҲΪĵĵط뿪
뿪´ν
ĻᣬС֮һ


1202 ֮
ģһа취ġ
Ц˵ûлҲҪᡣҪȻ֮ǰΪǱù
ˢ
ʱֻٻ֮ɢһԡâ˸䣬ȻԿһɫ۵ӰֱӴ֮ţǰ
ǡ
һڿĵһۣͷ·ǿһϵۻڴϣȻľ֪һۻʡϣ²ǿģҲȻ¶
ӡУǰУû˭ȡ
ܲҲ硣
褰ݼ׻ʡ
Ŀã𺳣ϲ¶һ˿֮ɫеòȻ֪ܲ˵׻ʳ֮Уû˭ǲ֪еòֻȻһ۾ϳ
֮ǰֻҪܷϵϴ׻ʳ취Щʿȥû뵽ĻԽ١аԼͬҲһ˿ȡ
ܶ񣬶סҴ׻ʳ֮ǰûзĴţҲǱ壬û뵽ζٴ´󹦡֪ԸҴ׳ˡ
̧ۿһܱӴ彫ʿȻǰսֻҪףܿͿԳΪǿս
ջǸЩսıʿⶼǶ˲š
г˲ţؼ䲻Ĺɣʱڣ˲űǲֻʩչ̨ܵ
гɳĿռ䡣
ȻЩ˾ǡ
褵ȻԸ⣬Ϊ忪ٳһƬζҪУΪ壬Ϊ׾һǸĴۣҲϧ
ԥĴӦ
ɫһ˿Ϊ˽죬Ѿ̫̫ãһΣΪ˶Ľʿһ˲ţǹͣЯݹͣʸȡλκְλʸȡǰ˺󣬶˿ڸ
ԽԽǿڲȥУԺĻԽԽ١
ãһˮս֮ܣƶһСóˮսҴѾռޣ̽󺣣սǲɱġɫսں֮ս˫׼齨ɫΪҴףսķԸΪһλų
΢Ϳ˵
׾һʱǱȻ飬οƾ֮ȶƬӪ°꣬Ҫ⿪ʼȻҪĻǴһ֧ĺˮʦȻʿ˵һշУֻڴУʲôпܷ
пͻȻ޷շУںˮвɱһϤˮսǾȫץϹˡ
ʱ褵ĳֱּǡôʲô˯ͷ
ɫսɫ𶯣漴˷˵ȻԸ⡣
ܼףңǹں֮УȫϣȻвӦϲĵ
ǺãɫУɫΪʺϺս뷷ΪɫžųͳʮλһƷϣΪѵһ֧ĺսΪ׿
΢Ҳڷ뷷⡣
褶ԣΪһ֧ŵľųλһƷʣһ졣ӽڴ֮УλȨأִһ
лʥ
𶯣л
Ǵһлһչı
ϣһλλһλԽһλǻƸǣ
褾Ϳʼнǰս˲šϧ֮ǰһģɲֻЩˣųɾŶɢޣûоֳȻû䡣򣬾ԲֹǰЩ
ʣƣԳƵǴա
νۼΪʵΪ飬ھ㱾ܽ˵ٺãҲ޷ȫȻţбйǡ
ԣʲ̬׻ʳϾⲢС¡ǹغԵδȻҲλѡĻᡣпƽ˵
˵ϾʲôС¡غһˡϾѡ˵һö޷ĨȥѺۡ͵òʧˡ֮չֳ׻ʳȡ
л׻ʡ
һĨɫҲһ˿塣ʣܲȣеӸһء
ܲҸˣĪ˸ҡ꿴ĲܡͶ£ֱˣĸΣΪҪЮòתͶܲ£Ȼ£ҲûΪ֮ıߣʼղһԡûз뿪
ɼԿеۡ
еĸһأһϡңӵĴȣԶ󲿷ֵۻʡϾ˲ţҵòҲñ˵õ˼һԱȣܸܵеĲࡣ
идģ
ǿȵˣȻЩид
еĿⶼýȻͬ
׻ʴ£Ȼ綼˵׻ʳΪһĳԵΪЧһ
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ʣڳսıʿһ˿øУһ˿䱸
£֪Ҫ뿪֮Ƿе硣ԭȵǷӰ졣
褿ٿѯʵ
ǴҪ²ҪġҪǴȥһЩԶһߡ
ȻԣӴҪٻ֮ű壬ͶӰЯ󣬾紩ҪķѴңҲǱңľ޴󣬿ɲǹܳܵġ
ƽ˵
֮ſЯ챦أͬĵģĵĸȻЩʹ֮ŵˡĴۣǱҡңûͣȽϰǴȥˡ
һѣӲҪ˵ǰʮʿľǺġ
Ȼ
ԭˣûóȻж򣬾Ҫˡ
褻Ȼ˵ɫҲһ˿¡
ˣ粻˾κ鶼пܷκα仯Ϊ棬δⷢǾ뿪شס֮ţ
ûԥſ³һ
漴Ϳһ޴֮Ѿǰ
λ룡
Ц˵
ϣĩȻشסǰʳǰݼ
Ⱦ̤˽ȥ̤ȥĲٻ֮ţԼ֮ǰٻġֻǷ뷵ر壬ǰƳǡ
󣬾ͿâһѾʧ
Ҳ߰ɡ
ѵ˵ǰ̤֮š֮ţԱٻĸǷһϰһͨ


1203 
ǵĴ£ȻʿӲʲôͬԽʮֵڴҪ֪ǲ̨ǵδУʱأֻ١޷ѡ
磬ȻЩʿͬ
ʿ̤֮š
֮ڴЩʿʱҲʮ־˵ġЩģ˵ǲֵһġȫ֧ŵס
ٶȺܿ죬ʮҲǰʱͷ׷̤ȥ
һʿ̤ȥתһ硣λðݲգɢðɫʣһʵһ￪ĸо
磬ʱ޿̲֮ϧ̫Ī⣬ͣһ붼пͬѰΣաһϣһǾ
΢΢ҡͷĵطʺЩðվʿʺѾԴټĴ׻ʳʮյΣϵһٲ룬Ҳ뿼ǵİΣ
̫Ĳȷԡ
û߼ԡûйɿѰ
֮ͨš
ʱһĻе漴ͿһڵӰ㻮գԥĳ֮ŴȥȻǴУȥ
죡
һּµĿ졣
ۼ޷׽й켣˲Ϣ˵֮ǰ
ҪȥʹûС
Ŀãɫһ䣬ԥĽ֮ŷաеͨ˲رգӰײ֮ϣֱӴһȴûһֻǴţȴû뿪磬Ϊ֮ѾرգͨͨڡδĹȥ
СӣñȥǾȽץסͨ㣬Ѿŭˣһ֪ʲô־壬ʲô֪ʲô
ǵӰзĻ
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ȻѾǿҵɱ⡣
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ͫһϱ䣬ûд綺̫ãû뵽̶ʱڣ۵ĴʿǽйĴڸ
ʣһΪµĴڡ
٣ܸһв֪ʵжôǿ
򣡣
һ䣬ʱͿһڰɫ߰㸡֣˲ǵӰܣѹȥȫܵһѹ
Ը̺ܵΰ
ͨͨңЩ겻ϴ£κһͨѹԪǿߵΰ̺ԽԽŨ
ؼߵķ֮һ
ѹ֮£񣬸죬ܻΪӡʿڵԪ˵࣬ԪһԷӡΪӡԪʵãĪ⡣
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ϧӡңҲѹסңʣеһ壬ףܡ
ǺӰЦһǿĻΪãȥȻһöûУͺֻĭֻǻѡ
ʡ
ɫ΢䡣
ʲôʾξеĶħµħУܣңܹƿξͨξֱӸʵξɱˣʵҲξģʵҲġ
ңûΣãҪɱʣ죬ҵʵҪȻܶͨûа취˺
Уʿˮ֮ӣ޼ɣҡ
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֪ʣ㻹򿪴ţñ뿪ǰ硣
ֻЦ˵
ܡ
кԥľܾ
κ鶼ΨԲܡһʷŽ磬ǾԻµһѣ˭֪ɶҪˣյҵдҪ䵽ϡ飬ôȥȫ
ȥ
һЦһ£˲Ϣ䣬ͳǰһֻĺɫצ޷ٶȳǰƺҪһץץ
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죬еķӦͬܿ죬һԱ߿һ࣬Ҫצܿջûȫܿצؿڻһ¡
һ£ȴܿؿһѪɫץۡƤ
ɱ
һɱ³б䣬в֪ʱһֻɫĹӣҡʱ˲

ƴлصһۿɼٶȷӡǴƬ֮ɢײϡ
ʱ·ɣ˳ȥ
ʲôӣ
ʷһԵЩǱ
ӣȻܶ˺ֱǲ˼顣
Ϊӡ
б˵
һںȻǾӣȻޱȣΪһʼΪ˾ˣʱң⾪ӱ꣬Ȼ죬ӵǣͬӵ꣬Ǿᱻش֮һֹޱȵ
ȷʵ졣
ʵĪ⣬ӵɵɱƺҲԵʮޡȫٶȼ죬ɱ硣
ʵɱ£һʱҲԵ֧ţ·ʱᱻһצԴժࡣ
ǣʻܻǧ˲Ϣ䣬ִ鲼ܱĿã
Զȥ
ƺԵúǱ
˲Ϣ䣬һڵ֮š붼룬תҪ˽֮С
ȵľһ̡
¶ЦһХ
־壬ޱߵĿ־֮糱ˮϯ·ض־ǣǹ⾳Ѿÿһգڿ־ǰµ飬᲻Ծӿֳĵײӡµı仯ڿ־²
ʡ־磡
һıͨʱǱĿ־֣ħֶۣӵƿؿ־壬ɢ־ڿ־ǰʾ޵еġ
ƺж־壬ýӲ
һ̣ʸûйУǷĳ֮˽ȥ۾֮ţûҪľһ˲ĻᣬֻҪץסλᣬǾǺգӴԺڡ


1204 
磬ˣ
ʳ֮ŵһɲǣһ˷ܵź
Ȼ˵ˮǽ磬ǲصֻ̨޵ĿܣϵĽĻᡣ
Ϊһ㣬Է
ӲҪ˵ֻǶԸжѣ˵ֻһţǾ͵òʧΣȥһ߿ܡΨһҪģƬء
ǴҪ
ˢ
˳û⣬ôһ뵽һͨȫԸоǲͬء硣
ûпȥڵ֮Źıɫһţʧ
թ뱾ʵСʣжصĴڣܽһֻ˵ԸĿ̽ܡ
ʾԪ񾳶ǿߣҪɱȻ죬ҲûпƵֶΣδѹˣȴûѡǿвɱУͣȲҪ뿪ͷڹؼʱ̣Կռ֮š
ʱ̣װʵĿ־壬ʵкԪΪǿĵطѰ·
ȻϵֱӾռС
ʵѾ˺Сʣǳ֮
ʣаӦûܸȤıǹĪ⡣Ƿ
¶һ˿΢Цת̤֮ţȥ
̫죬ովͳһʣҪڼȥ˵ǳӿµĹڣҪˣ˵һ
иո뿪ƬУƺһֻ޴ƾճ֣עܣòʧ
дݳѹֱķѹһС

ڳˣڴѳˣȻãֻ磬һϢԪȻ粻ͬ
ȴ˵ʴӿռдȥ˳һͨת۾һƬȫµС
ɨܣ֣ܱߵĻȫͬһָ粻һĸдȻ֪϶磬硣
ԣôûǳôûʲôطôôС粻ޱ޼ô
˷ܹҲܿʼ
ֻһͷ˲Ծ磬ƺûеô󡣶ңûǳȻйڰȴܲϢƺǲë֮أû壬Ҳû塣

ʱдһȻԿһڵĹͷҡμ䣬˵һεĳѹȥ
֮飬Ȼһ˲ͻָԱ֮ǰҪࡣ
ӣСӣñɣȻƱҲŹġ
Ŀǿھӣ۾Ȼ䱬޾ķŭ֮ɫ
ﻹ᲻ԼѾƣеľӳʣǱ֮ǰûзĵ׵ˣŪôһطֻзԲСȫһ˵Ǽһʱ飬䵽ôһ³ֱܴ衣

ĻӦֻһϽʵɢȻûнɱȴҲʱʱһľصСѵĻᶼûС
Ѿ֣Ƭصıʮּͣûа취ƿһ޴
Ҫǲǳ˵ζѡֱӷҵĺ򣬾޿ܡȻʱѹڿռΡ
ֵĵطȻǻʹ֮ڡ
֮ǰǣǱ͵սС
ȻץʡһｻơҸоϣܱøǿ󡣡
ڷصһɲǣֻµӰֱվţ۳ΡӰӷа
ʴҪ㣬ξĹ죬аÿʡǰҲС׼ס
ƽ˵
аЦ˵ҽԱѹٳ
˵ţаѾڣ뱦֮С
ڿռ䣬ʮѿĿյľӣڹǰѲˡһ̣âһһӰǰ
㣬ɵ塣
ʿаʱ۾ˡϵһӶǡ
ɣҿһʲôİء
аЦһ漴Ϳһڣַ·ʵ֮ͼǰܿħͼУƺ޾޾
аı
һδ컯аͼͼаͼΪĸͼͨȫϡһ𣬷ӳսֱʮıͬаͼл̺һƬӰ磬棬ڶĿռ䣬󣬻Ϊаʽ硣
Ǳ֮ߣ֮ǿͬ޷ġ
Լȡؼ޾аΪϵ׳ɳɱ䣬һ챦ɳǱߡ
治ռ޴󣬶ңرݸӼ͡
ͼһչ漴ͿؼһѾȡаͼС˲Ϣ䣬ͼѾصаڡ
ͽ⸱ͼԼĺͼȫںһ𣬿˵⽣ͼͼȫһ壬˫ޡϡ⽣ͼڻһһ֤ͬȴû¶

нս磬ȽЩʿ٣ԸξߣھսУӪ¿ʼȡС
Ƶ˶ѡڴ׻ʳϸһĴһߣ˽ĴԴˣûκȥ
ѾĲˣôܵĳȥ
ʮƶš
ͬʱҲڵһʱƳǣʽõ⡣Ϊɫžųͬʱ齨нɫۣȹӦɫš褶˵ѡʼѵƾӪֱݻֵλģںнѵ
ѵַǼ졣
Թۿһκ󣬾ͳ׷ִƺ
ƾڼ
һΣͨԵĿࡣ˵Ѿﵽ֮ࡣһʮ־˵֡Ȼʮ˿ȣȫ
ʽƾٽ¡ͨԺһҲ׷׿ʼ׼
һ죬жھС
ڣܿУһööнᾧ˸صĵϡ
Ŀ಻٣պþö
ʱʼͻˣУֽ٣Ҫֵжô¡
һаһ˿ᶨ


1205 
УԪʱȻҪֻ֡о֣ܼɳ򣬵ǲκδһֻƽ⡣
Ϊ֣֣֡
Ȼֲǰ˳ֵģҲ˵ڵһζʱпκһ֡мĲȷԣԣһҲѵġΪ֪ٵĻʲôֽ١κһֶ뿼ǵп׼Ӧֽٵģֵȴһ֡
ʱɹĿԴ
ҪΪ֮׼ࡣ
Ҫ㣬㲻ҪΪһңֻܶôҲδء
аԳ
ڸִ˵УֶǱ㣬ӲμУʦ˵ĶǶֱ֣ǿ֡
ҪʲôҪͨʮ䡷ɷʮ䡷ЩؼͨҲûа취ȡңֵķҲֻԱ仯֮֡˵ȫܣӦֵܹͨ仯֮ɹֻ֡ȡɶѡ˵ûжɽ٣ֻǣؾᡣȻĽǸ覴á
ǽ٣Ҳ컯
ûд㡣ҪԳֵĴøӵǿơɺ
Ҫֱ֪֣ͬһĪһֵסԪֱӱԪڵѡޱȡȻ֣֣ÿһֽжб仯һɲġ
пףпѪ׵ȵȡԣҪֵѡ
ΪʲôܶԪǿʱ̸֮ɫ䡣ǿĻۣûа취ֵ
ɣҿֵж¡
һһ䣬Ϳʼ֡ڤڤиӦһΰͷСԴԴϵϯ
һ˵ֻҪӵУʱп¡ʲôʱǾ;вȷԣҪǲǾпǼ֮Ҳпڼ֮󣬵ȻҲпһ̣һ롣ԣһڵдﵽ֮󣬶֡
׼ܱû׼Ҫǿ
ڵдﵽʱһʱֽ١
ˢ
ε⣬ȻѾؼڤڤеĹֽѾʼ١ңֱӳڡ
Ƿ֣
ڵһʱ䣬ѾоֽʲôǷ֡
ڣһ׵ĳڣ·ǳڽŵףӿȪֱӳӿȪС
磬ǼΪµ磬ܹʴꡣʮְԵ죬ƺܹѪⴵɢڣУ̺ľһɿµ֮ܽҡ֮һԵʹԴԴϵӿֳƺѪҪɢ
пɲЩרעͨʿͬһʿѪȻһ壬磬ѪѲ˺ǣÿһѪУһķܶȣǴﵽ˷ָĵز͵綼޷ɢ
ȻûЧܸܵѪֻаѪϴˢٽѪ´øǿʣ±ɢµķΪĲ֡
練дãֻҪԵĻԪ񡣡
紵ҪǿȻˣѪ˥ܣͬҲӰ쵽ԪҪ֪ԪศɵġԪĸ˥ܣԪȻήǷϡɹֽٵĿԾͻ
أ
һķϳ䡣пٹ˹ȥ
գۼ䣬Ϳټ񺣣ıɻڵأһɹڵϯֱӳͼеԪ˹ȥ
磬޿ײ롣ͼ޷赲ֱӾʹͼ֮С
ͼռ䳹ױǣ֮ƺһжҪ顣̾ͼеһͬڳϮһͨԴ·бɲͼڵĿռС±顣
ͼռСͼȴ˱øӵļǿ󣬿ռݸǿ紵ߵʣµȴǾȴֱ̫ȫķʽͼͼǿ󣬲ȹƣֻ»б
аڳ
ǽѣͬ컯ؼͿֵܲܵסľĸǷǿǷ覣û򣬻۲ͼǿһͼɢˣķϣͨͨεķѣɢ
һͼ֪лܶôѹ
ͼϣѹǬذ˷нɽͼͼͼĵǿᵽԸӵĵزϯ֮£ɢԣһԽͼԽӵȹ̡
ңѾԪϡ
޴ԪǣǸо·ͨ쫷֮£Ķһ˿еľУһεĿ־塣
νԪС
Ԫͬݳһʹࡣ
Ԫʲô꣬紵Ԫϣͷ·һ̽ڣԪд󣬷·ġһ˿˿ʴԪбߡʣҲԪһ֡Ҫȥʹ֪࣬ӵĿ¡
޾ʹֱ࣬ӳ־ϯȥ
һ־޷ܣлԹȥǺʣԪб
ȫܿԪڲС
ṇ̀ǧУٻҪ¡
ÿµ磬ȫ޷赲⣬ֻƾ⣬ӲֵܷĴסͻסǾͻԪɢ
һ˿ء
Ԫеʹ࣬־ɸоʹҪ׻ʹȥҪǣһǿʼ֧ŵĻֻ£Ҫ˶þͻ
ʱ䣬һȥ
֮£ʱ·ʧȥ塣
ԪڲϵСȻСͬʱԪҲԽԽԼ䣬ܸܵԪпʼһ˿Ϣңʱƣ˿Ϣڲϵ׳
ԽԽ񱩣ԽԽ׺ݡ
еĻۣҲоԪƺҪ֧Ųסˡ
дݳʹ࣬ͬɽ麣Х־
Ҫ֧Ųסô
˭У׻ʳ֮
ûǿǣǿѪΨǿϢнǿϢ
ƵٱԵһдݶ뵽еĲ
ˢ
ʱֻԪУ׵һϹ⡣Ϲֵһɲǡ˲ޱʹ࣬·һȫʧ
ȫ뵽һľ統С
ԴԴϵӿֳ
۵Ωң£һԿΪ·һѹ֮УΨߡ

۵Ԫлص


1206 
֪Уʱһƺû塣
֪ȥãڵڳɢ
Ҳ漴ľлָа³һڳиֳһĨᡣһ̾Ϣ
֮ԡѹ֤֮Ҷڵ۵ĸ̣ȻڶɹʱһС˼顣
п񺣡
ֻ֮УȻֳöнᾧ棬ɢصĵϷڸոյУֱӱһ꣬Ҫ֪ҪǶͨʿ˵꣬ǧ޳ĵСȴ˲ɣһջ
ǰȻԪеĺ֣˳ɹ֣ңԵ۵ĸ̡Ϲ屦֮ϧǣΪֹѾûа취ֻԪУҪƿأȫ޷ֻܽһ˿ܶѡ
ѾɹңһԪ񾳽硣ΪпԼһֱﵽһǧУʱŻµֽ١
Ҳ˵ڴﵽһǧ֮ǰΪûƿģֻҪԴԴϵ
ȻʮټϺطĲȻͬһ㣬ԶˣҪһǧУѡҪ˶þͿԴﵽ
Ԫ֮һʼԪʼɱ䡣ֹ󣬾Ǵ
ָоǰδеĺãԪƿظǿ󣬶ңԪطף֮ϵԽӽܡܷӳսȻȻӣԪУ̺һ˿֮Уͬķӳͱر

ʱһΣ֪У¡
ſƾ֮ԽԽ֮пʼòһĶС
ˣʱڵˣƾ٣ڶƾ٣һҪո¶ͷǣʽ̤ϴ׵̨Ϊ׵
ΪЧڴѾãȵľôһ졣ҪʿҵĲܡΪһ죬ҿ伮һƾٵľ۶ĶУͨƾٵľ¼ҲĶʣѧһͨƾ١
ʴȣǸϿ˰źһУΪסר׼ƾ١еʵȫóΣôܹϵĺġһҪһóɼرʡǰκγȵġʢ
ھƾ֮ѾԶǰƳпһǴ׵Ļʳǡ
ڸոսʱȻĿƾپʱ仹ʮңɺܶѧӿѾȲĸоҪǰƳǣҪۿ׵ĻʳǣЩ뵽׻ʳգԽӶƳ
һԸܻʳ
ңڿ¿ʼƳʱǴѣסѵġһ㣬ȻúܶдϾĻʮѵáȻûжԸ
һʱ䣬ʼж
һɳеĴ׷״򿪡
һ֮˸ӢԴԴϵĳƳǶȥ
дڣ贩ԽҰͿ̵ʱڵִʳǣֹ̣֪ʡ¶ʱ⡣ûκΣաƬִ̼ܵƳǡ
֪УƳеĿԾ˵ٶȿʼ
һ¥ϡ
ȻԿڿߵλã濴ȥܿЩ¥ĴѾ͸Ĳ׵Ŀ档ңЩͨĲǾⷽĵطǴ׾ͻ飬ޱȡȽѷɫңܿĸװھ¥УԵøӵĸ߶˴
ڴѾ̵ʱ䡣
ڴ׵ļţ֪ԱȣͲ췭ظı仯
֣֪ûѾ¶ģ׼ףֻһɳеľƷСҲ֮¡
ǰӢѪһڣ˵
׻ʳʮڣУһʳԣشޣ己Ϣʥءܲһƾ֮ȥ׻һ¡ѧӦΪıռ䡣
Ȼ˵
ʱ䣬˽ڵʲôΡ
崦ѣÿһɽӶѪ£һ˽ĶһߣΪ棬ǿԼ
壬ҲΪ壬ѵΡ
ÿÿ˽⵽׻ʳ΢ĩһδΣжһȣ޲ܹСһܶ
ڴ׻ʳûκο֮ģһ˿徴
׷˳֮ûһҡ
׼ξϣΪһ
һɫ۵Ʋ֪ʱ˹һ£ƽ˵
оڵѪҺڲϷڡ
մһѪԣдʱܸͨ𣬱ǿĻᣬǣĵ۷
ʣȨߣ˭ƴѹեգŪգ°տǣвͳλȴô°нĻᡣ
оʱ
ףǰδеʳ
οƾǰμӵڶ࣬ͳƣֻв򣬱뾭ƾʮƣлۿ֡棬ȫӰټҡǰټʱͬ׿Ҫдˡ
˵
Щ˽ѾĲ³һЩ
˼ǣ׼׼
ƽ˵УҲܿƺҲ³һЩʲô
ɳѹҰһߣ֮ʣַƿطΧ֮ڡοƾ٣ѡ˲ţһ֣Ȼ͵ɳǣޣӴһ˲šʹ;пƾ٣һ꣬ȲľеڶΣԴž޴ţǱȻ
˵
̫޻̫СˡҪ̤ϸ̨
սΨһĵ·
׳ԸΪȷ档
ƶȻ˵
ǲ׳һʱѾȲеͷ
ڿƾ֮
ƳΪĿø֡ܶ࿼Ⱥ໥ۡһ뷨ףƾʮǾʵһһƾȣѾ̫ࡣ

ʮ塣
һ죬׷׵ִﹱԺ
ڹԺнʿϸ£׷̤ԺԺУƺʱʱʥ֮ڻصϴ飬˼Ȫӿ
ķı
ƾʮƣĿƿ⡪δ
ڹԺУһ̫óʥּȡյĿ⡣


1207 
δⷶΧ̫ˣδδ޷ԤģдķΧ̫ˡ
ôдδδδ֪ڣչδô
δδдδҴ׵δδδ
һʱԺкܶ࿼ɫʱ䡣ʣ⣬ڿԵģû޶ͬʱҲһ֡סȻ˵һǳɣҪûѡԷǾͳˡ
ȻҲڿ˵˼άӣпգоͿԿĺ
ЩѾʼ˼г
֪ж˲ܴո¶ͷǡ
ʹУƳվߣڸ̾
ƾ٣˹ľţǴ׻ʳſѡΧӰټңֻҪвܣԿо٣ֻȥģֻࡣȱ˲ţȱٴʵ˲šܹһ˲š
޻ȱ˲ţܶɳǵĳ֮λֻݴټϼչԶһռµĵ̣Ҫһ˲ţ׶˲ŵȱڣԴԴϵġʼն㡣
˿ڶʮڣһҲһ˲Ŵӱǣܷҳ֮šƽ˵
˲ѵáһ˲Ҳ㹻֮һ
ûеĻǾ͵һΡһ죬ӿֳ㹻˲š
˳ۡ
֪ںʱܶѡͷֱӽ磬ͬЩѡתϣԿµһ
ЩתͶ̥˲ţֻҪаĻǱȻԴԴϵӿֳҪ˶ãµһͻᵮдڣֻҪͶ̥תڴ֮Уǳ綼С
֮У׻ʳΪģհҵܾзõȻȻͶ̥壬ǽ׻ʳļǱȽϸߵġ
һ㣬̨
ңŴµĽԽ࣬ƾԽ󡣴ΨһҪģǲţ׳󣬸己ܵޱ
ʱͻȻ䣬׵ģдݳһѹ
εѹ·ֱѹ
ͬʱơҡࡢסڡ𡢳ࡢϾֻ֮ϣÿһֻݳεѹ޷ֿ֮
ԪǰƺҲֻһֻһ϶ѡ
Ǿ졣ôʱ֡
̧ۿգһԪھǰ޷ȫͲǴͬһϡǾ졣־˵ҲһֵȨ˵ÿһ˵ǿߡ
죬죬ħ죬а죬Ѫ죬죬죬ڤ죬졣Ǿǿߡѹƣ£Ѿ֡ô֡
żһʱ䣬ƺҪЩӡȥ·ҪԳǵϡ
̫Ȥˡƽ˵
ںϣϧڱɽһǡ콾ȴ޷໥ֲɱһʤδ̫źˡ˵
Ӧøһᣬ콾һᡣ콾ǵĹޡħ˵
ǵģӦøмǶǵĶ䣬ʵ̫ʴˡЦ
ǿԸǡڤЦЦ˵
Ǹѡһ壬ߣѡһ콾˭վջģǻʤߡа˵
ƣ
ƣ
ƣ
һ̸䣬ƺѾȷ
Щȴֻھ֮䣬ûκʿܹ̽鵽޷һ̣ѾΪȡþۣǡ
飬ʿ׷׽۾գкȻͬʱҲͻȻֵΪʲôϲ²⡣
ܶʿĶףзĲ֣ңǼ־ɣ˭֪ЩıΡʣԲһ˽˵ŲȨħ
Ǿֻ޴ȻȻ䲻
ţһεΰؼ䡣
ͬʱиоһ⣬ǰжо޷ܣԵֵƺҪֱӴĳصĿռ֮С
á
аԷһȡ
ͬʱһ䣬аλϣһνǿ磬ϢѾɣƳԱ߶ûв
аѾȡУԭλãϾаӰӷҪ滻ǼֱҪ̫ɡ
ǧҪʲôΣաЩһﵽҪʲô
аɫ䣬и̲סӿֳһŨɱ⡣
ϧھĴͨǰʣǶߣߣûа˵ʸߵıǿߵá

·˲뵽һռУ˲Ϣ䣬ѾǸ컻أɣĻýȻͬٿʱѾһƬİĵط
ϸȥƺһҵС
ҿС˵൱޴ڣƺֻһˣ֮⣬ڣʲôûУǽڡ
ңǽȫܷġ
ߵıߣûȨˣֻǿ߰ڲңߡ
һĲƽ
֣ϢͽܲˣúҲܲˣǰȷʵңѹһУΪԵĶͬεĵ֡ҪԾκһ𣬶׾ٵһָͷƬڿռ䣬ԻᱻȫûеڶֿܡھԵǰ
һ̣жʵ˸̵֪
һ죬һø߸ϵľҲ֪ߣֻҪ㹻ǿһȼ硣仰˵ڣ˵ʱ˵Ц󷽡
ͬޡ
˵ʲôʮӶʮĪĻҪ˵ЩԸһָͷ˴ɶԷչ飬С˵вŴڡΣգҪɱѿ֮С
ҡ
Ĳпᣬһ򵥵Ŀջ
ˢ
ʱֻڹϵǽϣͻȻ両ֳһѪɫĹ׭
һϷҲһ
漴ѡʮ콾վʤֳջŵ壬ȡҫߣֻ
һԹǵʵǻۡԹ̺ΣգҲ̺ԵԹУвرң塣رҿɻȡ챦һ룬ͻߣһʤߡϹ屦
Ŭɣ
Щ֣˸Ѫ⣬ȫܹ̺ܵΣжôĿ£֮ĶԿ콾֮ɱңǸ֮콾ɱʣɱȻἫΪңҪûеڶֿܡ


1208 Թ
֮䣬콾콾ĲɱͬǸδײıƴ
ԹھУһϷѣе콾еӣֻҪԸ⣬İŪǲǸȤһʩѡ
һƬ䡣
ǵֵǮǴ׻ʳ֮ͬϣҪǾѡΪӵĸоһ˿벻ʡЩѹĵס
ʮ壬ѡһʣ壬ŸľŸȴδֻ֪֪ңÿ嵽жλ콾룬Ҳһδ֪
׿жھĲŭֳδ֪Ĳɱ˵ʵڣеͬһĪڴڵѪҺ̲סʼڡ
֮䣬ͬѪҹʱȻһ¶⣬ڲһõжԻǵжԡ֮䣬˭ϣԼ۷壬ѹ壬Ϊ壬ϡ˫
һʼ趨һؿ
˿ܣԺпת
ȫһܷ״̬ԣ뿪ңͬһֱӰǰĿ飬ҪҶûа취뿪ʣϷʸûС
ǲΡ
ˣ
ߵǽǰֱô£öǽڵĻӦ
лǽں涼ǿյģҲ˵ֻҪǽڣκһ棬ңֻҲζţӵ·Ҳѡؼǣܴܲǽڡ
ǽڿʯͷɵġеĹ㣬ǽڣԲôױƵġ
жӲҪԿ˵
ͫһȭڣѪתһɿֱֲС
¡¡
һȭǰǽϡʱͿƬǽ˸ɫĹâĿֲ棬·Ǳǽɵ룬ֻܲɶѡ
ܿ渡ֳһصķģ֯һʮ졣
ȻйŹ֣ĥ룬ҪƣľʵսһʿླѻƣΨ콾սпܺ쿪Ż
аԳոֻ̽ѡҪƣԣѡ
·Ҫѡһһѡ⡣
ΨʵǰС
Ǵƣ
гɣйâһȻԿ˸ǹǴѾУŶǽȥ
飡
һ޴ĺУǿֱ֮ϯǽڲϸܵѺۣͬ֩ӣգۼ䣬͸ȫţѣΪһϸСƬױ顣
һֱĵ·ǰ
Թ
Ŀãͫ΢΢һ
·ʮ־޴󣬿Ժԥ˵ȫʮ沢ʻһ㶼ԵӵⲢͨͨһڰǰĵ·
ֻǰҹҲͬ磬һĿΡ
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ĵ񣬷ֲܡǿɲ
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вǳɵˣȻͨ죬Щֲûͣ½Ųֱǰ̤һʱĽŲͨлص
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ͭսì׵ķ־һìһ޵ĺȥһì磬ʮ־ˣգۼ䣬ǰʵʵĺ档
һУսìǿн񶴴ڶͬʱһһǿսìбһɱ֮޴ĵ˲սì±һϸСƬķѣܱ߷ɽȥ
ʯͷǿܡ
Ŀã΢΢üĵܿƺľһЩʯͷ̶ɣʲôܣУκεĲһ
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ʱݻٵĶ·𾪶ʲôֻһϴУȥԿһЩ֮У׵ðһֻֻѪɫļ׳棬Щ׳沢ֻгĴָС࣬ңĺзצƺʱ˶ʳ۾˸Ѫɫ׹⣬ʮײС
Щ׳棬ǳȺӵģһ֣顣˲Ϣ䣬Ѿ֮ǰ߹ĵ·ǣǰͨУҲкѪɫ׳֣Щ׳棬ڵϷɣſ򣬷ϵ£ȫЩѪɫ׳
Ѫʥ׳棡
ڵһʱѾЩ׳ѶϢݵԺСЩͨ׳棬ǾѪʥ׳棬ʮײУܼڣѪ⣬µѪʥ׳棬ǾԼΪҪķܷʽңܵʮֿµġ
һˣٿԷֻѪʥ׳档ɱܻѪ⣬һ˾ڣϢκβĻᡣ
׵ľ
ڹʦУѪʥ׳һֶĹƳ棬ڴӵð飬ֱʤһۿȥͷƤҪ顣
ܼ־֢ˣᱻ
˿̣ѾһֻѪʥ׳ӿֱӷɵǰ·ӵһ㣬ؿڱȥһ֮£ֻܿһѪ
ײϣͱӦսì赲ײһ
飡
һĺУֻѪʥ׳澹Ȼըըʮ־޴һԣླܵвҪû׼ᱻ׻ˡ
ؼǣڱըһѪսìϡ


1209 ඦ
Ȼۻ෨Ѫ̺֮
ѪУܵĸоһ˿ĸʴ֮սìϮȥʮֵĹ죬ңͬƹ֮һմȾѡ챦Ҳ⡣ᱻʴǡҪ㹻࣬ᱻʴһѷ
ؼǣֻһֻѪʥ׳γɵѪ⣬ǰֵѪʥ׳ֹǼʮ顣ֱ塣

΢΢üɲ룬ԿһֻֻѪʥ׳Ѿ糱ˮϯһɵƻ֪ҲԲЩѪʥ׳濿
սìܵѪʥ׳ٺɨȥ
飡
ʱѪʥ׳׷ױɨͬʱɱʱʥ׳ʬ𡣲ϱըµ֮ϯ׽ûȥЩ֮׷ױս赲һսУ
ͬʱϵҲԴԴϵľУΪеϡ
һ̣һѪҲ漴ͭսìϣսìѪ⳹׸ìһѪ⻹⣬Լ˽ȥ
Ѫ̺ʴܸ֮ʴѪ֮ͬԸʴ
䡣
аԸϵı仯ѾףѪȷʵѲʮֿ£ԪʿἫΪѲѣǾƹ֮Ѫⶼڡ
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вûбֵĹھšһ䡣ȻԿһˮͷ
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аһ
Ѫ⣬Ѿ޺ң档
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


ܱбѪȫ뵽ʱֻڳඦ֣һĶһڶԽԽһɹ֮ŵڳඦУ޲תǣոɱвɱ¾֮ȻȻıɣΪһɹ֮Ϊ
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Ѫ𵴣ѪȻȻıøӽܡ
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ͷųԷ󺣡
öֱѪʥ׳棬ȫǱ
۾αȡΪһöӵľжʵӶǿҵĿǣ徳ԶҪӼѡķѵԴǳɱɱĵпĻᡣܴ
ǿϱǿԪҪ࣬Ҫ
ΪѾﵽԪ񾳣תඦҲ൱ͼΪȻսֹ
Ȼ粻սתʿһɱԪ񾳵Ĳεʿԡʿս˫
ܹΪȻϲޱȡ
ΪҪȵЩʯ֮ܿΪڿȫԽʡٱʯ֮⡣
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йâһ䣬ȻȻĳС漴ҡᦣ棬˸һ

з


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۷󣬳γɷͨͬʱȻԿһɾ춯صĺϯ֮ڵλΪģӣնֱڱ⣬Ѫʥ׳ɺǰҲ˲⣬Ϊ
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ƿЩɵͨͷȻԿһҳǰ


1210 ر
ҵǰȴһ޴ʯšʯϣĽ۱鲼϶ء

ߵ·ͷֻһңȻԸȣͨܣҲʱпܳµͨʱ̤ȥȻ뿪ңܲȥ
֮ǰʾԹңпͨңҲпǳңп̺Ŵ챦ĲرҡŹ屦Σû뱦ɽֹĵ
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УһǿȻȻ³ûп⣬ʯźܳأȴ±ƿ
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ͨ˿һʱͻῴ۾
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һ۾ͿУѻ龧ʯЩʯȫԿƷײͣ˸Żƽâǻƽ𼶾ʯ̺ӾҲӴͬĴС̺ʮٱĲࡣͬСһͭʯһٿʯٵƽ𼶡ʣһƽ𼶾ʯ൱һʯ
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ǣҪɷĩ֬ˮ۵ĻͿĨƤϣƤˮй󣬸ӵϸŮ˵ѵõƷԸΪǸ㹻Ĵۡ
Щ飬Ǵһڿھ޴ͭСвʮڴӡ֪ЩжôӴ󣬾һԹĲƸ
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ǱУһֻֻ˸챦Ĺâ
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飡
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ͬǶս֡Ȼܸоϴݶѹ
Ҫ֪սìУ̺̺ͬź֮㲻ƴɣϣƽ

һĽܿӰҵĲɱαáܼĵ󿪴ϡͭսìͬһìӰÿһҶڲϾҡΡ
壬ܳǿߣȻС콾սȻҪʹĪո㱨Ļᡣһס֡
һҽ֮󣬺ȻԿ콾˿һξ롣СǰԴʸ
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Ҫ֪ҵ֣Ҳܻܲ
бĿǰޡ
һѪɫսۣĿһڿͨ˾Իᱻŵӡһ壬˵ǳúѿٵĻ󣬿ɽһȴԵ쳣Υͣ˸оª죬ټϵɷȻȻ
ͬʱܿͷֻļǣţƺࡣȴԶţǸ

¶һĨ̵ı顣
ѪһȻ䣬ԿðֱۡϸȥϺȻֱֻۡ
ȻеѪߡޡ
ֱֳϣȻħ
޵ǴѪ齣ìѪɷܡ
һɢ˵ơ
Ķս֮Ҳޱ塣
ɱ
ֳսҿзһȣѾмɱ


1211 ɱ
ûжԴûнڡ
֮ͬ䣬һ棬ǾͱȻҪֳʤԭǷʶⳡϷĹҲһɡûл͵ء
ԣмһɲǣѾûѡֻڲɱзֳʤ
һУͬѪѪʣǰ˱ޣѪ֮ΪѪޣѪͬ⣬ѪѪϡޱȣѪҲࡣչֳ˲佫սࡣ
еıÿһܷӳǿս
ս壬ս츳Ѫ֮УУÿһ̵ʱգǽ֮ӳ˿ֱֳֻ̣ͬʱ衣һĹ켣кȥ˲Ϣ䣬ͽܱпռȫ
ɣҪе׺ɱ
ɱ
ĿãһĨ⡣
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ʮ
䣬ڳඦѾʼ
ඦ֮˰


1212 Ѫӡ ת
ڡ޲ĻԵ컯
аԸп޲ΪԭͣĹŹĸĿģҪߣӵһǿս벻ơ޵ɱ¾֮ŹѾõصĸ˵£Իޣӵ֮
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ඦ𶯣һ߿ĶһѪٴεõϴӡ
ඦŰ
⻹ԴԴϵ֮ڶбãΪһѪɫģϽһգۼ䣬ͽ޶һڣΪһ̥㡣صķġ
ඦѾﵽתļޡҪʼͨ
ζţתѾԲԲ۳ȫµͨͨ幦ž޴ĹӰ޴󡣵ȻҪͬҪޱӴĻһԣԽǿͨҪķѵʱԽԴԽࡣ
ҪȡӦ
ڣȻѾΪǿĻۣʢ
̥Уĵٶȷɿ죬ÿ䶼ڱ
ĸоöѪɫ̥УͨԴÿʱÿ̶ڱǣÿһ֣ͨøǿ
һԣԴԽǿͨԽӵǿԵǱҲӾ޴
ҵ֮ͬͬԴԴȻڲϵ׻Ϊϡ
У֮ڲϵ
ѪԴԴϵĴ̥
ڶ׶ڵӡӡȻɢ⡣ƺӦ
ڲϵĳһǧľɱš
Ѫɫ̥ϣصѪɫ˸Դڷ׳Լ䣬һ˱޻ֱֻϣ·Żص޾ѪѶϢڻۡ
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Ȼ䣬·ǳඦͨѾﵽް㡣Ѫɫ̥͵ų޾⣬̥ͺһöһȻ顣
˲䣬̥ܿڣصķѾһķʽһ𡣻ΪһöѪɫӡӡ۳˱޻ʵӰƺܿѪ޾ʬɱᴩءöӡһ̥γɵѪɫƬ׷׳Źӡлȥ
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öӡʵһ㡣ɢϵϢ
бת
ڹӡ£ȻصĹ׭Ѫ
ͨѪӡ޲ΪҪͨȻ˼飬˵ѪеѪؼɷأͬۻ֮صĵطǴͨ߶׵̤УпܽȥҲ޷뿪޷ԴѪԴͷͨȵ֮ӿ£ǿ󡣡
ڵõöѪӡѶϢҲɵİԵһ
ͨԲ֮ǰͨѷɫǱͬ޴ӡѹգļӡԴ֮ѹһУ˫ѪӡӡУ̺һƬѪһʩչѪѹɱ⹥ġңܸʴǽȫǡѪӡ£ֱӻΪһ̯ѪˮҶʣ£Ѫӡһ֡ԽǿݻѪԽԽӵĿֲ
һͨ£һӡԻΪޱѪѹһС֮ݲ
Ȼ̣Ҫϵļ̣ǱĬġֻҪԽǿٶҲԽ죬ǹͬɳġ

ඦһ̣Ѿ۳ʵʣ֮ǰĺڶ׶һ֣ϵĴѪÿһڱУһӡѪгʮǷ
ͨǿĵ֮һ۳ӡͨӦұ־йءȻӡҲؼǿ֮һľشơһӡȥƲɵ
аϲò˵һǸǡ͸Ĵ񡣺õĺܡ
䣡
ʱ֪УȻȻͻˣﵽһǧ
Ѫ˲лۣһһڱ
һڣȻһɫı
дĶ
תƶ֮ƶһһǧ
ڻƶ۳󣬻ԵúãڱԴӦһϵһ
ǾԾתϢ
Щϣžתĵơ幦ϣתǸ
ȫԿƶڣȻаѪȴûжصĵݱ䡣
ȱһ幦ΪתҪһؾѡһšٲܱ޲ѷɫңҪӦܹ档
аһͷ
幦ΣҪϸһ¡
ϾҲʧغδԲ۳ͨǿ񡣰㶼á
Щ˵ʵĹ̲ڶ̶Ƭ֮䣬Ѿɡ
Ҳһ̣Ϊ׷һθԵɱ䣬ȫǨԾﵽһΡתѾ൱ʿеķླǿߡսǿֱѹ
Ԫ񾳶ܵ
漴ͿʼעεսƷ̺챦壬ݵλ콾Ȼղصı࣬леĶеһֱģΪѪħϣһ˸ôһ顣ֵǡ
ģȻ˵
ڵЩص㡣ÿһ챦棬챦


1213 г
촬ôֻٶȸ죬ܹýսӵԡ
һ챦ǺȻһ챦һרսĽڴӵжص
ôд촬ֻʱ°빦ң档ýսƷʸߣУõɱ䡣ǣŴƷ׵ĿռԽԽ󣬲ǿ󡣶촬ϵĸּգܲ޴
촬ļգ磬Ҫʮ׵˼룬ֳǻ۵Ļ𻨡ĺôıء
׻ʳıŽ뺣򣬺иң޾ɱޣ޵ȫǱΪʳģΪıġȻͽε
ͱҪս
ЩͽȻɫսսҪྫͨ촬Ĵ죬棬ģԸ죬ںе͵޵ϮǿսܸԺޣһ㣬ҪӼ̣ȫǵһ
촬׻ʳ촬գؽͻͽһ죬Դǿս
öԶҴ׵Ľơǽںߣǽƽ֮Уܹ𵽾޴á
аԵͷص
ջʮֲ
ʣµĻ
һ󣬺Ȼһᡣ
һ伮
Ů򾭡Ȼһ⹦ֻʺŮ
Ȿʮֲϳ˷šΨһľޣֻŮ޷ģŹ̫֮һţ۱ͼ֮šˣԪΪ̫֮ߣӣ翳ңǿ
֮ţǧԪҡ
ؼǣһŶŮʮĹ̫֮ڽУŮ˫棬Ϊ˵һŶ˫޹Ůӵøӵ졣Զ紦ӡ
ҪȥʣκŮޣһԿܵջ
ѼһսҪȻÿܱɱĶס
ЦЦص
Ĺ׻ʳҲ࣬ͽؾУܶһˣҲ࣬ҪĹѫ̫࣬һ˸һĹѫۣңҪµĹѫ
ö˭Ӷࡣ
ȻòϣŮȴΪ֮
ҪȡⲿǾƴ۹ѫɡѫһС
а˵
ͬʱҲûٳɣóһö󣬶ʱһıǰ
ʲôгģô
ڿһɲǣУҲɵһ⣬ǹĿǰƷǷһгģͣгֻ࣬ȻҲĳгһ챦
гͨڣɢ滹صķơ֯һԵøӵ죬ǰгͷǾгᡣΩΩФгûʲô𣬶ң졣
Ȼһ̣һѶϢȻȻĳԺС
г챦й˿ͳܹķÿڳʮˣٶȼ죬մٶȣɴÿһٶȣһСʱǧٶȡɽһƷΪͭгʹش
һʿֻҪͻƵϾͿշУֻٶȿ鲻ȥһʮǶʮң⻹ѧ֮ٿҲ޷쵽ȥյĹУͬҪķԪ
ؼǣгƽеƣƷȫƳڴ׻ʳгңΪһֳԵճйߡļֵǾͲһĴȫԸı׵仯
ңͽ˽Ұҹ취ϻɳǣȻûа취뵽ҰУϾڻҰӪĻΣգʲôⶼпܷԣһĻҰǴڱԵش̫Ļ׿
ҪгڣȫڶʱڽЩͽ͵ӦλãǶҰ˽нͽ˵ĲҰ̽δ֪
Щܹõĺô
ͬʱǶĸı䡣нøӷ㡣
öгǿذӦںʱִƷ챦ȴںϡܹ֮ΪάгתΡгУγպ¯ܹƽƣͿԽƳһպ¯ΪģƳгܹת
аԳ
ʣһѵõĹ屦ȻԹеıͨķƷԾĴڣҪͨĶóҲǵ档
뿪ˡѾûջһţҷֱһҵͨѾ߹ʣӦͨطֻ֪ʲô
ʮϷһ壬һ壬Ҳ˵а˸λõģУӦòֻһˣ϶콾
飡
һƿһʯţȻźһͨ
ͨžޱȣƺκε˸оĶҪУֲϢ
ǰвڲڣǰĺᴩȥ
ҾҪԹ˭ҵǰ棬ǾͨͨҪԹһҴݻһԹǲ޾
ͫһԹȻܸȤȴһζıǾеӣϷӡ֣á
ġ
ʵĻɱϾ죬Ǿ沫ɱǣƾʲô߸ϡƾʲôŪƾʲôΪϡ
飡飡飡
һ̣ȻԿǰ̤ÿһڵϣܿһӿ֣ע˫֮Уйڽµͨϡ
漴ֲĻˡ
µĵ棬ۿɼٶȿʼѣΪ֩Ѻۣ鲼ͨ£ԣ࣬ͷȫѺ۸ǡ
¡¡
һֲĺС
ֱͨӱһ׽û
ͨڱĵ·ȫ
һǰߵ顣ÿһУ̺ĿɲǼ򵥵Ժǿ֮֮ɵľǰֻص
ԽǿܳܺԽԵġ
ҵĵǰǿǻҾҡ
б³һ
ŵ·Ļ֮һǰҪ߳һһĵ·߹ܹ֮Ч£Ƕһ޶ҵ·Ψһ


1214 ƻ


ϵıݻһУͨ·̺ʲô壬µɱаֽһеǰȫãͳͳãҪﵽĿġ
Ҫøȡǣķʽȡǡ
ԹԹһ·ɡһǾնһѡԹƽһϣһ˿ܡһͨȻʲôҪǻʮɵӰ൱ֲ顣Ǿǳ׽Թݻ١
ûԵĵ·ԹͲԹ
Լ·ñ·ߡ
˿ܿĻͻ֣ᷢԹһƬصУƬУֻ޴ԹڣɴɣУһͨãϵŲλáͨǲãҲ˵ǶǾǶ
һȱһֱ仯ɵĸı䣬ͬǾ޴ġ
Ǵݻٵ㹻࣬ԹͽԹ
õȻô
Ҫʲô׼ôƾʲôôζǲɱҪĨɱһͷ顣
ΪǴݻٵͨ࣬ԹתͻٲֹԹΪһЦ
ϷҪϷĹȻƶϷˣƶˣǾάֳȻָյתؼ䱾ǳġûʲôһɲġԹµĹأؼȻȥתߵһȫյķӡʵȻƻ򣬴ݻһСȻһʵ飬ǲ³ǱҪصĹ⣬γһָ˾ϲĴϷ
ʵƻʸ񣬸ȷʵһ֡ʮֲѹ֣ѹƹֱӼΪ˳û޷ġ
ǾϲһḶ́塣Ȥ
Уֻ޴עԹȻԹеһУչ۵ףֻûжκ档һʼǰѾһʼ˭ܶβ֣ӰǸı䡣
Ļȫûǵ塣
һ㣬Ȼȥ
ĿֺޱƻԾٶҲһ֮ǰƶĹ򣬱Ͼǲ֣Ǿͺ塣ҪģɱԾǻǻ֮ײܲ˾޵Ļ𻨡һ⣬ǿоδһۿ֪ʲôǡ
ãпͷ
ǻԵúȤ
ԶǰľøӵĸȤ
Թֻһʵ飬ǵ״γԣܲܳɹҪʵ֮ȷ
һʱ䣬Ŀϡ
ŵĿж¶һǿҵȤһ㣬ж޷֪Ͼȣڵ̫ССԭ
ԹԶԹֻҪҵĽţһ̤ȥȻԹҲս𡣡
кļǰȥ
Ƿ˴ĿûиоôĵģʵǣȫûбҪܽȡʣԱ䣬һϣȫҪǣǣǳɱĵز
ҪֹĻһʼӦñֹ
ڶû⣬ǾͱȻķΧ֮ڡûĴŭǣʵҲˣϣֻӦȡǲŶԡⲻеĵζѡ
ӵʸûС
飡
һǰµͨϱ󳹵׳ֳһƬ棬Ԩľ󡣿ĴĿġ
߹·Ĳߵȥ
ٴͨͷֳһҡ
ҿɾͲ֮ǰĲرңҡ
̤ȥһɲǣͿҽ⣬һɹɿµĶҵǽɢݶϯ˲ͳСУʣֱǱɡ
Ǿ綾ͨ綾һʮֿµľ綾޽ɶܵ
־綾Ϊ
ȻⲻǾƣȴȾƻ£ŵ󣬻᲻У·Ǻ˾һأ˯⻹㣬ɶԵʵڻԺʼӣܹҲϢУΪٱĥ
һ㣬Ǿ֮Уģǰûа취ġ
Ҫ֪һǧпܣһΪݵ˯ΣͻԪľ飬˯ȥ೤ʱ䣬磬йȥ꣬ͻһꡣգҪйȥ꣬Ҳ꣬˯գ۾һţձ壬ҲУԪľ
ԣ֪ôġ
֪Ҫǻ˱ˣڽһɲǣͻڷ
ϧ޷в˺Ҫ֪ڿǿٳϣľ綾֮ȻȻı뵽СգΪϵϣ綾֮ȫƿأƺϲȫ綾Ĺޡ
һ㱼䣬ͳڡ
ţ߶µҳ׿ʼҡΣ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿױ顣
ƻһСԼ·ñ·ߡ
һͨ飬һұ顣
кܶǿ˳ִͨʱȴ֣Ѿǰĵ·ױд㵵ͬʱòתأѡ·Ļ棬ʼʱԽãľԽ࣬Ե쳣Ĺ졣
ʲô˭ȻܱңͨȫǲһУƻ򡣡
иǿ߲޵ķŭ
ð취ƽ޹ȡҪʲôƨϷ򣬼ȻҾͲˣӣЩͨƽԹ÷ȻҰȴ㹻ЧֻҪһ㣬ȫ㹻ˡ
ܶǿ۾һַܵĺôȫƽԹһݾ
˳ԹҪͨңҪֱǳǵľ֮⣬ɣǱһͨ۵ĵһʮ޴ľٶ
˭ڱԹֱǿ󵽿¡
ܶʿԺӿֳһ
ʣǿߣһΪԼĵˣǾͲһо˵顣ǻ˵
һ·ߣһ·ͨ
֪߹ͨ
߹֮󣬾Ƿ档
̤뵽һȫµͨ󣬶ߴһҵĽ档
ʿ׷Ӳɱһǰһں
壬
ֻǰ棬ӳеģһսףһͷɫһڹʯӣսϻӳڽ£γһʮֽ⣬貶ѤŽУǳ뻯ּ䣬һ鲼ܡ
Ȼȴһӿµǿ׷ɱһںڰеļ֡


1215 һɱ
ëԣɪû뵽Ҳȡ
пͫһʶ߿˵Ǽ棬ңǺܾǰµһмɪ⣬еɪ
ɪΪʵȷʵʵȻѾﵽླ
Ƕ񺣾У۾ŵ񺣾أͻƣϾʱǽŵΪģÿ۳һͨ趷ս˵ǵĸĿ񱩣öѹ
ԣˣ񱩣ɶ𺦼ϣ޷붫ʿȣ֮ɵó೤
ң۳ĶͨҲܿ񱩣˵ʮֲִڡ
ڴﵽͼʱ֮۳ͨչͼڶǿ֮Уֱ֮Ϊսͼһͼݻ٣ʣǵĸž޴Ӱ졣
ڷླʱͬ۳ֳֻ֮࣬ΪꡣһۣȻӵмǿս飬ʩչ۵ͨʵֶս˫Ļ档γɶ
Ԫ񾳣Ǿ۶УǾǴ棬ǰǷ鲻ԡߵһģ˵ָ
ǰɪѾ۳꣬ڵĶʮǿҿ񱩣նʮֽУܸ̺ܵʥԹâĽ죬ңаž޴ѹɱâ޾
ڣΪӢɪȴԵüΪǱ

ܿʮֽŵλãһڵս֪ʲôطð뽣ײһ˲䱬һ˵ļ⣬սУƺܿޱߺڰϯ
ʥʮֽײһͬʱ𡣳ֳʮֿµĻ档Ǽ⻹ҪϬʮֽⶼͬڰһһĪѹ
ˣʮֵĵꡣһһǶȶʮֹ죬ЩסЩֱƿɪǰҪϴŵս׷ǿĻֻͻᱻһɱ
ɪԵʮֵǱ
һ̣Ҳһ·У۾ʱһаһоˡ
УȻ᲻ʶµһϣҲĿùǣµֻȮÿÿҹбѡ
ĶȮɪҪǵöѡǵ֪Уһ˳ڣѾ׻ʳУһ貵顣
ħսҲ˵ежô¡
αĪȡԹУɪǸеģֵȫǸ嶥콾ǿߣÿһʵʮֿ£棬֣ԼʵȫռκơһںڰеֱֺӾͱƵġ޷޷˷˷ݡָо಻ԡ
ֵܣͬΪ壬㲻ܼȰ
ɪ۾ڷ⣬ſڴ
ɫ¶һ˿ǿҵ˷ܡĿ⣬͸ǿһæĳܲڿ󲻶ϱֻͨ۾ȴ˲ɴо඼̲סһ
Ǹ˰
Ҫʲôһ·䵱ƻôȻߵˣºˣҪ˳ͨȥܡ
ಣ
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ûκγɣܿɪսѾбƿʱƿʮֵ΢˵С޷ĵزһ֣ǾŸսͬʱգҪϯʣһҪĺʮء
ĸܵս̺ǿĺڰ⡣
սͷ·оһƬڰϯҪһûǡ
һˡ
пϯսѾ˿϶Բһ֣Ϊ̺սϵļ⣬ǿǿȻ𲻴󣬲ȴĸӦҪ֪ļ⣬ͬǿ󣬴ﵽټĲΡ
ĿһɨڶԿӰںڰУֶʮָҲֻһЩģӰӡ
֣ͨ
ûгɣһ䣬ƾճͷţٴʩչͨü䣬Ϊһɫ֣⡣ںڰսǰ
ʱЩսͺڻϣйâתЩڰսڻϣϼϵĹâۿɼٶȿʼǾŸս̺ļΪµĶڼǰͨ𡣲Ҫƿ֣Ҳô׵顣
ְͬʱսеļͬڲϵıġ
ڣʱǾŸսͬľ׹ڵϡ
˼ڰ⾹Ȼ۵˵زҲҲԣҵļΡ
һ˿Ȥ
ڰѾﵽټĲΡڼУνż衣ƴһ֣ͬļҲҪһ֡ѵ֣ȻƴĻᡣң⻹ɱзָо˷ܡ
ǹһʱУͬʱһ䣬һѪɫսǰսУɢһɱ⡣Ȼɱս
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ڿ˲䣬һεļѾ׼֣ɼ£ƺԿԽصľ룬ֵʵһܹһ˲ҪеĶ֣дݳѾľһڤڤе
ԣһ֣൱µģӲˡ
սУֱӹעһļ⡣
ټ⣬ֻûиֻļ⡣뵽ɱսУüӵɱ¾ԣ˵ɱ¾⣬δɡ
ಣ
һաǰֱӻΪһѪɫ⡣
죡
һ޷ݵĿ졣
쵽¡˲ͳһںڰеǰ
忴һȻҲû뵽һܹ쵽ֵزȻҲûֶΡó֣Ǿһͨ
ȣҪܿսͱ뽫ǽбãԻü⣬ƭ⣬հս
Ȼĺܺá
˲Ϣ䣬Ѿͬʱü޷ٱãڲϵŲƣαãֻڷ֮䡣ȴЧĶսãʮֵ档
ˢ
ȻһΣıƺá
ֻɱսڳǰʱȻѪʢһΪߣΪ߿ս˲գڡ
ۣ
һ仯̫ͻȻٴηӦĻᣬսֱϣƿϵĸַսףڣѪ⡣


1216 Թ
ɱʵսͬҲɱ¾֮۶ɵѾʵʵһ壬ڣѪУСµɱ¾ƻҪ£ڵʱܵԵƻ
һɱ˲һܿռ䣬
ɪĿãͫһ̲סһһ˿ȻһĻд޴𺳡һ̫ˣ˭ܷһɱɱ
ÿµļÿµļ⡣
һĨĹâ³һ仰ţ˲飬һѪǿļ⣬ͽ峹ƻ飬־һҲ͸ųױ
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Ϊһ֣ļ֮£Ҳû
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ѾЩڰеݣһʮóɱ塣ҹ塣Ƕںҹڰ׽ڰ⣬°빦ơһ㣬ͬǺ֮ܶǿԭ
Ѫ츳ϵƣռǿ㡣
˭޷ϵơ
Щ˵Ѫǿ󣬿Ծͻܵƣоޡһκ󣬻δĳɾ൱ơʵⲻѪǿˣԲ˵ѡ
Ѫǿơܹվһָǿĵ
һԣʿܹﵽˣΪͨߵĿ٣ûκ˿˵Լһܹ֤һܹ𣬸޵УǳΪͨ߶ѡЩǿѪҪֻҪ꣬ӵܼǿս
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ȫԿһҹ񶼷·Ĵ롣֪һ㾡жô¡ǲ򲻵ѣᶯõ
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ǼʮֿµһżգΪս̺֮òǳ赲սǵֵ̺ʮѡǣƿУŲתٶȻԽԽ죬ңԽԽҪ޷ƿ֮սͻתƱ
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ܷԣЦӦõģӦõġҵȣһЩ챦ʲô
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ðԵ
ɪĿãϴ㶣е𺳸ǿңβ³һɲֱͬȷһǰ̽·


1217 
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ңɥĲķͨ£һгʯУɱеһ˿ϣ󣬳ֵֻޣֻһƬڰʵʵڵĴ
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˾ȻڱͨԹԹļӲǿԳԹԲһļͣҪƻֱ죬ܡɾǰȴⲻܷ飬ʣܲ𾪣ܲ־塣
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ĹУʼûпټҲûпڿӦþһԵܱ֡ԹѡǱȻž޴Ĳ
аԳ
͸оʵӦǷͬСɡȻԽӵĺ档
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콾ȷһϺȡзìȥ


1218 īִ
콾ܴûнì׼У֮ǰĿһԹĻ棬Ժޱ̵ӡʶıܿȥԸɡԼֻҪԸһЩС콾Ϳԡ
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վڸ̨ϣһѵ͸ðװƷʵ̡̣
ìֱӶ׼ͷ̨ϵ걬ȥڷìУ̺ͬì⣬ٶȼ죬˲ͳǰ

Ŀãɫɱ䣬ûֻ˲Ϣ䣬ͷ̨Ѫһ̨ŵͼУһڹͷ۳ʵʡշһնǸìϡìΣֱӵڶͷ̨ǰ޷ƿ

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ʱһѹȻֻ֣޴ٴγա


1219 ƾٽ
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аԳ
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аһĨ⣬ЦԲʲôöŪΪ֣ΪϷȡǡڻֻǽһЩСϷѣҿԿ϶ԺԽԽ䱾ԽԽ̡аһʼǾͲ׿ԶƵġ
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ƾѾˡ
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ڶοƾȻ֮ءʱУƾѾ


ʮ ӥͥ


1220 ˲ű
ƾʮƣ֮ǰĿڹԺ֮оУ۸ߵͣɸѡһ£ͳһ֡һ¼ڿƾʮ֮ڡңӰĿĿˡֽ뵽УĿƾٿˡͬһķʽˡ
ÿһУһĻᣬҲԼмգչֳԼĿϵ츳ܡܹӱ
ڿƾٿռУ࿼νֶξٻšһпܵչֳԼĲܡܵĿ֡
̶ʱ䣬ƾѾڣֻȹƾٿֶѡ
֪ж˲ӱ
ипĿա˲ţҪ˲ţҪ˲֧ת˲ŵλǴʽŵʱ̡˲Ŵƺŵĸԭ

ڶգ󳯻ᡣ
УȺѾǰȴųٿ
Ⱥľۼһ
϶Цݵ໥̸ƾٸոĻǴ׻ʳٶʢ¡ǿʱЩȻҪЭһΪױǿŬԼ
˵ķ붼ġ
ǾѹȵĿӣȻ֮ף̫ƽҪиǾʱ㸲Ŀܡһ㣬˭ԸŴ׻ʳû䣬ţܹԽԽǿʢԽԽáԽǿǾȻӵиĺô
ϣοƾٿӿֳٵ˲šимλš磬ͣ˾⣬ˣжȡ״Ԫ׵ʸ񡣲֪״ԪףỨ˭ҡ
ЦƳ忪ڽ̸š
⼸λĺӣǰ;Ҫ˵״Ԫ֮ţ»˵㡣ҸһˡƳҡҡͷ˵
⼸λȷʵǶ˲ţڳϣǵһϯ֮ءֻ״ԪףҪнȫܰĲܣҪ㣬¾ͨĵزǾ;ԲһȫҪʣ츳Ŭһ𣬲Ρ
˵ôȷʵһɶõȫţš
³ʦͻȻ˵
ĿƿУ£ǽϹ飬ңѧʶĲϣ棬̻ũ£񣬾񣬹£ҽΣÿһжнӵԼĶؼ⡣ۺϿֻ֣»ǰé֮ȣǻǷȱ
Ƴ̾
οƾпӿֳĶ˲ţΪ貵һǡ
ò˵һοƾ٣˴˲šļʮ˿У̺Ŵ顣
οƾ֮󣬱Ȼ׼Զ˲㹻ĴңҴ񣬱ǿ׳õʱɲܴ
ݼ̹⿪˵
ڳ֮£ھУս֮Ũҡһ޲ڴҪΪ׿ͬҲԼӴĹѫܹøǿ
ʱȻţ˳ῪʱȻ򿪡
ȺȻν
վ
ףϣѾϡܸܵһεĵ֮ȻȻĳСϣצģƷǷ
ΣΣ˭ȥġ
ûӦˣȥˣǸпܵġ
ڹŴд˵ֻеͨȥȣͷĿѣǰǳܲסΣԸڡصԸ
˳֮Уˡ
һȥԵԸѹ
ܲסǳܲס
ڰݼ֮
Ƴ嵱վ˳˵£ڶƾѾ죬յĳɼѾȫϣڻԶ״ԪԼ֮̽ȥʽ¼˲šΪҴ״˲š
񣬿ƾɣŰ񣬾Ǵ¡
ƳлڵȴſԳɼĳ֡Լܹо٣
ǵǰҪ¡֪һοƾжٴų֡ģñʿ˵
׵ͷ˵
Ƴõȥ
ӹϸοƾΪԹֻܴ˽һ˳㿴ûӡеʷˡ
ܼࡣйһξ飬Ȼĸá
ķǴӸߵеģȷ״Ԫ̽ȻֻҪǰͿԣȫûбҪȥɨһ۾Ϳԡ
ʮ˿ڣӦһЩʷ˲Ŷԡ
аڴۿȥȻϣһʮϤֳǰ
ء
Ŀƣʮ
̻߷
ũ£
߷
񣺰˷
񣺰˷
£ŷ
ҽ
Σŷ
ŷ
ܷ֣ʮŷ֡
һУͿһΪص֡
ʮŷ֣Ȼܹߴʮŷ֡
أѵȻ뵱һƾʱͬķȫţ״Ԫ֮š
Ҳɵһ˿𾪡
Ѿһߵķ̴ˣȫţ˵κη涼мߵ츳ǣеľ衣㵽֮š
Ĳܣ⣬Ӧþ֪ʷˡ
أʱڵĶأֺ󣬱κݴʷ٢֮̫ګ֮֮ӡʱμҡ⽻ҡսԼҡѧҡ
سںӶ췿˱롢ܡ峯μ֮սǧ䶨ϣͻɺɡʷɡةɵְϲع
֪Ұ£ߡ
֮ȼģָ
֮ϲû뵽ҳһλš
аԴϲܳȻԽԽá
ֿϤ֡
˾⣬͡ɶѵõǣҴ׻ʳҲ˲żüá
ϲòϡ
ƾٿ˵˳ȡ;ôջ񣬵Ȼֵøˡ
ף̾
ʱ¿ʱвһĨɫ
渡ֳһʮϤۡ
̾
Ŀƣ߷
̻˷
ũ£

񣺰˷
ķ
£
ҽ
Σ˷
˷
ܷ֣ʮ֡
̾ĿҲﵽʮֵĸ߶ȣ˵Ѿ൱ĳڣѾǰéСҲܿĳĲܾԲ
̾λȨĻ⻹Ǹҳһ⡣
̾ѾŽǿǻʷϣеȨ࣬ĳԪϣҲγ̰٣ѹǮȻܸͫ|ȣҲһλ̰ܹǸλãûвô
ǣˣܲá
˫нõĺãȻǽԴϲõĲã˵С鷳
ϾвܣŲãôоЩʣ˷˲š
Ĭһ漴˵̷Ű񣬰״ԪΪأ۷ͣ̽ޡһ𹫲׽򡣡
ջûнֻ̾


1221 ¾㱸
ڲ̾ûпԡ
׵Ŀƾ٣ǹƽģֻҪڿƾӱȷʵӦĲܣ;ԲѹĥǵĻԵжǵĽ֮·ң磬ǻȡһȻǾӦһĻᡣ
һΣ
ظһΡֻء
ͬһΣ
ʷҲһλְ̫ܹ࣬ܵλڻʹ֮УҲǾҵҵԽִ硣ǹеˣӵķ㣬ȡ˽ѵ׼ɲٷĴ󣬺οѳֳ飬ڴ׻ʳУѰ·
ûиĻᡣ
ͬҲʼհر֡
ͫ|Ҳǵĳķˮ
ö˵طǾͻɲһĽ
Ҵ֮УǰʲôݣҶһλᣬץסλᣬǾֻȻ볡̾Ҳ̨ϣ㲻Ҫޡ
аһͷ
οƾӿֳٵ˲ţеճ׵ܵܡһƾУȡ֮̽λͬλг֮ϣ˿ְ̣ճǺ׵ģ֪˹ֵϡסոУ볤ֽѧʵͬʱҲϳ벻ѧаټҼա
ǵȴοƾ١
û뵽ղμӿƾ٣Ȼţˣһ˸֮̽λ
ռһĺ̽Ե
Цҡҡͷа૵
ϲ֣ռֳһλ̽νһ˫̽ȥڴҲνһѻĽЦϲ
Ǻǣлл
ЦŻ
ڴ֮ϣҲûйĿ͵
ϣȻƾѾѡ˲ţУܹģ찲ţǰɳǣΪɳ֮Щɳʱת
ٴζԻƳ˵
Увɳݴ֮λڲϣǷȱ޷ɳתһЩӵܵĿõѡ׽׻ʳһֲ̰ϡ
·ģȵŰ֮΢ͬһ飬ƶ³̡
ƳͷӦ
׻ʳĴӪӪӪĵˮ©к֮ǡ
һ¾ǣҴϢѾȫƿأҲʳʣԳ档ңǴѾȡ嫺ͼʱ׼߳ޣ뺣̤ĵ½ʱͬҲǳŻʱֻҪӱͽվ۷塣
г˵
Ⱥ¹ʱֻҪвܣдԼһƬء񣬵֮أû˭ѹ˭Ҳû˭ƶʵΪǿΪʵ¶ĵ̣ܹصסǾĽ
Ҳûʱ
һ໥֮˹¶ٵ̣ռݶٵ̣ǽһиָǣơ
ܲпᣬȴŵһƬ
˭֪ʲôʱڣȻУķָûгɡҲ˵εǱûг֡ԣڣÿһʱ䶼ǱġΪҪġпܣıһƬδ
ʱ䣬ڴ׻ʳ˵Ҫ
ΪʵȥʸȥռݸĽ򣬻ȡ档
·ģҾнʿѾ׼ֻһ£ͿԳ򡣡
ҵԥĿ˵
ǧʿս֮ŨҡʱΪս¡ҧҲ˵
ܺá
жս֮ĻʮָˣǴ׻ʳӦӵѪԣƽ˵Ϊ£֮գݶΪº³£нʿѲ޺кޡƣ׼ڱ뱸롣ɳǽٶȣӿ졣սһ죬½أҪɳǲſѹ
£ʱ䣬Ϣ۵̡׼ĸ׵УͬǸнʿһĻᡣ
սɱޣͬйž޴ĺôǷ
ܱߺôʼձǿĶս֮ġ
·ģº󣬱ض庣򡣡
ҵƶ˵
Ȼֻѹޣ¾һޣú޳ޱ߾Ҫޣǲܵģɲ⣬ڴУɱĹ⣬ѹֻɱ¾ѹĺף޺УΪ
Ϊ׼ҪӪ̸γ

֮
ƾٷŰ񣬽
ңڳУԽߣԽߣȾԽ󣬴ķΧԽ㡣νһо٣½֪
״ԪѲ죡
ŽһʱУݳһָ߿֮⡣
¡¡
ʼѲ£״Ԫӵеǧţ״ԪѲ졣
ѲУ·ǧпա
֮ͷ绪ǵĽһɫĹ𻨲ϵĴ׷֮ƮѤλõ¡·һꡣ
ǻ棬Ǻһʢ¡
󣬾Ƕڿĸְš
ŲܵĿ׷ױǲɳ֮ڣΪһ֮ڿƾУѾ֤޿ɵġ
һǲȥܶûгɳǿٿʼתٶȿʼָңÿһնܿȫµı仯ڻҰ͸ҲڲϽš
ÿ춼дʿ뵽ͽ˵С
ͽˣǴ󲿷Ҫٳɳһֽݾ񣬳غɳǣɱ޵ʮַңǳȺӵǰֱ뺣򣬻غֵ̲޳ɳǡ
дƵƵϽ뺣С޲ɱ
˫֮ɱܱߺĺˮȾˡ
ңҲǳصġ
Ҫ˵½ϵݻҪ࣬飬ֱʤڴ׶ǷΧ˵ĹУͬ巢𹥻ÿУ޳
ǻ棬ֱǿֲųˮΪХܱߵɳǷÿһ޳ɱʬҰѪɺӡʬ壬֪ж١
¼գҲһδ޳ĳϴ֮£׳ɳ񶼷Եı仯ܵǺǿ󣬴׺ǿѾǰͬӵ˵
֪УʱѾȻš
սУѾƼ
һ֧֧ţɢŨս⡣
սĿޱȵŨҡ
ʹУŮһšǰһݷɫζȫĶʳң󲿷ֶǺʡ㺣֮Уںеˮ壬Ȼϲ׽
г˾޴Ϻ洦ɼһֻϺܰһӡ


1222 Զ
Ӵзûм޴ĺΣ̴ı㡣
ʣʡ
ֳƺԭЩˮʵ̫ˣҪʲô̫տĳգֻҪˮһһܱޱζȡ˴ߡӲҪ˵ڶص⿶ÿһֶǶʳ
ȥǼµܡ
ǰڷмϺʺϣ͹ҫȴԼΪտĵϺгһڣӵУ׵Ʒ۵Ϻ⡣ң۵֭ˮѾ͸һ˱Ƕ룬˵ԣһţǶǼµܡ
ãصԽԽտϺȻֻȴϺﵽ£ңǽϺ߷̸䡣ټصĽ֭һܡ
Щϴ۵Ϻ⣬Ϻ뽴֭һ𣬵ǻζ˳ԹһΣԵڶΣԹһڣ̲סȥԵڶڡ
ȫͣ
иֺʣһٷʢʳʢ硣
ŮҲǳԵá
ʳĸĿģǸ˴һϵá
һʳⶼǸĿꡣ
صĳǴ֮Уȷʵһģ˵ƳУ¿һҾ¥Ϊ¥Ĵ˵һλŮΪһֳգƷˣ޲޲ڡòֻ߻һλŮᡣҲмΪĳաһţƳпĪĺ䶯ÿ춼Ǳﲻ¹Ӣ˵ĳտɲ֮¡
Ц˵
˵ǰŮһλӣֻںʱѾʧɢˣ¥ͬʱʾؽѰԼĶӡ
Ҳ˵
ƳеһΪ顣
¥
һĨɫֺϤĻӦǼеλŮǿһλؼվԲ֮£пܸӾˣĶӣ⣬λСˡСһĳ츳һָ
ҪҪٽʳʳĻȻƷա
¿˵
ãʳÿһ롣˭ӦӵеȨȻ˾¥Ҫԣʱȥ¥ƷҪʳͬҲܰʳȨʳҪڴڲС
еȻһЦ
ҪǰȻ취Ⱒ뵽ʳ빬͢ΪԼʳ뷨ȻͱýȻͬˡοҪҪƷĻȫʱæ⿾Ϳԡ
ʳӦ÷ڴڣ°նлƷչֳʳ
һ߳ԣһ˵ͬʱڵʳϸҲɢõȻȻǿѾﵽƶһ徳磬ȻȻ
˿̣ϸȥȻԿڻƶУһɹɰѪڷڻƶлû̺幦
תҪѡµ幦뵽תС
Щ죬Ҳڲؾϸѡȷʵвٵ幦Ʒ׻ͣջûЩ֮ǰ幦صЩƷײߣһѡδЩź
Ҫ֪幦ѡ񣬴ŽתԲͨǿ
ʵʿûַգһŹȫף硶󹦡һתתתǸ߲ΣĻͨ벻˽󹦵Ķޡһ
ʿһͨ졣
оͬÿһζһ幦̣ǣ̫࣬вǱ˴ײĿܡоתΪܸ٣幦Դ뵽תУȻȻеȫڣԴͬ˴˼䣬໥棬ܶ°빦Ч
ҪȻ໥ͻΨһĽȻըҶʣ¡
ǳ
ֵ·У֮Ϊ򷨹ڡ
Ȼս򷨹֮ʿǿǿĵطֹĴձøǿ󣬶ңκεĶ̰壬̫ңÿһתУͨں幦ȫɡȻͨҲӵǿǱ
ȻӵǱ
һ·ģԲһˡ
οҪӦ幦ƷԽԽáһĹҲϡ
磬ڲؾУһ幦ΪХ֡һ֮ģΪСղ塷ʮ̫Щ幦ȷʵĿеĶ⹦һЩңǰĹЩصԡûѡ
һҲûʲôá
û幦Ѫͬɱ䡣ʳϸȻһܹ
ԶǴǰô
ѯʵ
׻ʳԶ飬ڸ߲УͲʲôܣ䣬ǶӲҪ˵ǲǡ
ԶǴ׵һ㺣ȻкͼڣЩ黹ǱǰǷģֻҪ½صռһƬɳǡȻԽʺſԽգأڰȫ赣ǡ
ƽ˵
ʺŵޱǿƳںһ𣬸ӵ죬ڴ׽п⴩Уǳ׵ĽҲִܵֻķѵѣҪоꡣ
׳飬вܲ룬ңУڵΣղͬҲҪһ´󺣵УǵӰڵȴ
ģǷʱһӵʱһߡһ㣬ҿԱ֤
пһŮĶӣһĨ͡˵
Ůڵ̥Ѿ죬ңʱ¡
ҪΪʿ̥ʱ޷ȷгж̵ģֻѾ䣬ʱԽ̥ǱԽǿȻḁ̊́ʱԽԽáʿ̥ϻ⡣ԣŮǰͲ̥Լһʱ䡣
ʱٳҲмޡ
ŮȺо̥Ҫ˶þҪˡ
ϲ£ȻΣʱжԸҪʱ̡
ԶʱҪעΣ㣬׻ʳĹǣϵ񡣡˵
Ҫǻźӣ⺣羰Ҳȥһ
˵
ٷҲٱǰһԲ
֪УĺʳѾһɨաŮθڶ󲿷ֶǽеĶӣһȥͨһٸδسԵꡣ
ûйĶŮ鳤
ֱս硣
ֻսУ㽫̨ǰĽʿѾһʿ硣


1223 ﷫ µ
ܸܵĵڽʿ¶ĸ߿ս⡣
սʱ׼
ܿڼõһıʿҲУγͬҪΪıߡƶսԣӦ֮
褺ڣ
еٵ㽫̨˵
ĩڣ
һװǰ˵
ɫΡ
ѯʵ
£ɫѾϣʮʿѾ齨ңнʿǾͨˮԣˮսʮóʱΪ׳򣬵С
褺ԥ˵ɫʮšɫʮԱϾھսУĲ࣬Ǿսʿڶ࣬ǵļǧЩУӻԾξİտﲻþսеĽʿٴαǡԴ˵ޱȳ档
þսıԴʼձڲǧľ֡
Ǵ׻ʳӴսʿһʳƲ𣬸ӲҪ˵Դǳض˵ȥȫһ֡
ܺãɫŵ׼ô
ٴѯʵ
ɫÿһҿɳؽʿһɫУѾӵʮɫۡ㹻װšʱԳ˵ɫʱɫ̲סһ󼤶ۣʵ̫ǿˣ֮ǰҲû뵽ڴ׻ʳУȻǿĵ̡
䶥սʿԿԷӳǿս
ʮɫۣװɫŵۡٶҲãۼ޵һҿԳʿֻһѾ൱Ŀɣͬʱ֤ǿսܵӰ졣
ãɫгִ½أٽǰɫֻɫţսв齨µľš
ڡ
вûѡͽг׼뷷µľš
ĩڡ
гС
ˮս֮ܳڣգ뷷Ϊɫžų齨ɫţӵʮװɫۡϣʱڣγս
пڸĲ˿ɣʷϣǺպˮ죬ˮսǿ
ĩԸΪЧ
ûж˵ֱӱġ
ˮսʣѷɫ٣ִһ֧ţǾһҪɫŴɴ׻ʳľţǿı֮һ
ڲֱӸȻЩʧû˵ʲôȵһأǻܹһʱ䴫͹ȥҪս½أҪǸЭͬսӵĻᣬԲһʱ
ɫۣϴ
ˢˢˢ
ֻһ˸ɫ۳գЩۣտʼֻг˴СƬ̼䣬ʹﵽ˵ľ޴ۣװϣԵüΪտ
ʮңһҲ࣬һҲ١
Ȼĵۣÿһϵװнʿĳڸ򣬵ǹʣҡһɱ֮ȻȻչ¶ܸܵеķâ
գۼ䣬ʮʿѾȫۡ
ۡ
з
漴һҲڵ콢֮ϡ
Ȼۣɴ֮ǰľ޾ս𼫴󡣡
ڼ̤ڼװϣԸ̾
µļװ壬ͷ·һɫˮ۶ɣȴʼռޱȣĿãĿ
ܿ죬ա
ʺų֣ɫֱӴ͵غ֮ϡ
׳Ĵ󺣡һޱ޼ʡ
̾
󺣵棬亱˭ĵһۣһСĸоͬʱʧģһʧ˷пһӶ޷뿪󺣣Ҳȥ·⻹ֻǴ΢һ㡣
ԣҪ̣Ҫкͼ
ڣ嫺ͼ֣̤㺣̡
ȡͼ
Կ⺣ͼ嫺СһӰƬǴУܿһ½أУڵ½أںͼޱȡ
ںͼУһ죬ıǳ
죬ںͼбΪӥӥڵĵ½ءйӡǣ뵽ͼУγһݵĺ
ܿĳӥ޵ľ벻̫ԶֻУҪĵ졣;Уһнǲ׿ġ
ݺͼʾҪǰӥͱ봩졣죬Ȼû޴󣬲Ҳдķ֮һСʲôδ֪ʲʺ棬ǷǿЩδ֪ʲôܶڡ
򿪺ͼȣָͼ˵ѡһֱ֣ǰӥ;ĵ죬½أʱᣬȷһԡȴԺ˵ڶ֣Ǿȹռ죬һ·ռ½ԴΪӪ׽Ƭ򣬻Ϊ׵캣ˣȴΪɵء
һǲܲˣֱɱӥһʤ̤ʵء
ѡ񣬾һ⡣
ڼΪҴ׽ʽŵĵ·ȻҪһһӡȲǰС֮УҪҴ׵սѲӣ½أҴ׵졣һԸõĽдͣľ봦һֿɿصĽ׶Ρǽˣڲ֮ء
ڼ΢Ц˵
һƣνƼȥ˳۷壬Ǿȣ޴
ǾȲǰں֮ϣ½أһС죬ʺϴ棬Ҫ󣬹Ĵϵ
׵ͷ
ȻҪִӥо仰ļԲȶս֮£Խǲܼ׳ӡûһ·ȶµִӥҲ޸ƼγΪǰӥͬΪ˶š
ʥ
Ц˵
־ȻҲǷǵı
ڴסһʳ֮׵ƿأΪ׵Ҳȹ̡ı֮
۵ٶȺܿ죬ڴϿΣ˳źͼǰȥܱߺеĺޣѾѹޱɱúԵúϡ٣УҲڴУЩ޴Ӻ׿գƿյӰɲ׶
޵ĸо໹Ҫǿңܸܵ۵ѹоһ˿ΣϢ׿ɲð
뿪ޣǰʻǧвtǰ
ǰ½أһС͵졣Բҡûɽֻ֣ܹ۲쵽ƬʯӦǺдͽʯɡ
½أ˵½أһƬС졣
ҪǰԲСǾһ͵ĵ죬Уͼ϶ûм¼С졣ûֲʯƺʺֲܡںУһƬµѡ
˶ܿƬСΣȷʵֻܻһЩ޵Ϣɹɹ̫ʲôġз㣬Ҳк޵ʬкֹҵ


1224 ߵ Զ
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Ƿ籩ôԣ쿴ж
΢΢üͻȻ䣬ͫһпһɫӰ


1225 
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ڼ¶֮ɫʮĿë̻ʣûбˡ̻ʵӡ󣬴׻ʳ£һ̵Сÿÿҹǻ
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1226 Ӣۺ
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1227 
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վϣɳ̲ϻ۶գº͵˵
ЩĴڣҲоһ˿һߵֻĲ򵥡棬ǾǺ£Ƕڽͳߵһ־޴棬Ҫţ벻գ˿ԽԽá
Ǹ
׻ʳѵǴ˵һ˳Ĵ׻ʳ֮˵е׻ʡ
ĿɿڴĿУ׻ʳ֣֪ٴԺһ죬׻ʳܹ٣ΪնɱЩ¾û뵽Ȼʵֵһ졣
׻ʱ£̫ˣεˣǲȾǣԸסΪ񡣡
١
һʱ䣬ɳ̲ϴյϲеļ֪оմûһôġ
١
һĵźڰ
Ƭ죬ʲôλԸΪʽһ
׵ͷЩ˵ȻǱʾӦǵĺδײ֣ռݴ֮


1228 Ѫ Ƴ
ָģ֮ǰǷʾ֮ԵŮ顣
Ů飬ɫºܿ͡ĳһλĵŮ
׻ʱ£壬ʵ̫ˡ
ŮĨĨеᡣ˵Ҳûгɣٽߵ飬һһ˵˳ֻҪ֪ģȫûκȻЩǵ;˵ЩȻЩ˵ĲǺ
е˶ߵ˽⡣
ò˵ΣǵҲɫһ䣬Ȼ
ﾹȻıһռݣңЩǻۣܶľٶ־ٶ˸еޱȵ衣
ȻΪ𡣲ӸոЩÿһֻвκͼʿѷɫǿʵǱȫĻܸӿ¡
ڼ˼˵
ɾܱϰӲҪ˵ܾͬѸѪͨƻǿ󡣸Ӿˡ
׻ʱ£˵½һ߹ȣ߹Уסһеߣ˵һʮǿܹһУûʲô̵ġû˭ܱǿ󡣡
һ߿ѵ
ɲͨߣΪµĶѪ̵أʲộңпٳɳ֡ʵɳٶȼ졣˵Ҫǳɳ£ǳͨҪ˱ᡣ
ɵ壬˵޶Ҫ˱ܵĴڡ൱Ŀ¡
Ȼѹ֣ߵϻᱻһռݡ
аԵͷҲ飬ͨľͳβ˶ľ
˵߹˿һصҩһصѪɫ䡣ÿξ̳Ժ󣬶ʵһڡ
һ߿ṩһ鱨
֪Уߵ˽ҲԽԽ̣鱨ϵĻ
٣ҵȳˮȡ
һٴο
ãȻˣҴ׾;ԲһȺߵѪʳ׸ʻߵϣɳǡʱд׾Ž٣Ϊ˵ϵߡ
кԥ˵
УѾ
Ŀ£ֱڸߵľ޴յϣƾճһ޴ɳǣɳɢϢ
ɳǣ䣡
漴зһϺȵ
¼䣬ֺֻȻȻĳŵȥȻͬ˸ڴϣ޷ٷָ
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ԿܵĺУһɹɺ˳ƺڴһɹǿڼӿˮڣͬʱУڲ𶯣ɳڻˮҪ۳
áôһɳǡ
Ȼôƾճ֣ɳǣ²ǿϰհɡôܣȻһӾͳˡҲ̫˼˰ɡ
ɳǣǴ׻ʳеɳôȣǵĳֱȫûпɱԡƺоԪôڳɳл۹ȥŨطҪŨⲻǴ˵еĶ츣𡣡
Ľ֪ûлסɳУҪĿԣǾ˶ֵð
һʱ䣬ɳ̲ϵİٴŴͣ¶֮ɫ
˲Ϣء
һգ۵Ĺһ޴ɳǾôǰʵ̫˼ˡ
һɳΪߵϴ׻ʳһɳǣոɱɳǾͽѪǡȾžѪɵɳǡ
жɳһָȻȻڳϸֳѪǵĴ֡
Ҳţ׻ʳʼߵϡ
ˢ
Ѫȥ󣬶ʱͿڳеĴϹâʼ˸
䣡
һɫȸս׵Ľʿ̤ĲڳڿյѸ󡣺Ȼȸš
ҵųǹԴ̤
£ȸǰ
ҵаݼ
ߵƬ췶ΧȻû޴󣬲ҲС֮УΪѪΪߵˣҴ׻ʳĻ죬졣
пҵƽ˵
սߵ飬ûʱȥͬҲﶺ̫ʱ䣬ֻɳǣǾͿԴԴϵĴӴ׻ʳеǲǰ
ߵѾ׼ȸȥ֡Ĳ˵ҲҪ֪Ḷֻ́Ҫ֪յĽֻҪ֪Ǵ׻ʳռߵɴ׻ʳĽΨһҪġ
Ҳţҵһʧġ
·ģߵؽΪҴ׻ʳĽ򡣡
ҵϵĻش
Уκγɡ
иһǿҵ˷ܡսɳÿһʿյ롣
ãߵԲܣҴ׵Ĺ߲ܸı䣬ɳѹҰ¶ٽ򣬾ԶɳѹҸӡǣԴ򿪿ռţٻɳǡ
ٴζ˵
ʱ佨ɳǣ󲿷ֶװУһԸӷɳѹһ¸Ҳ𵽳䲻Ч٣Զ֮Уˡ
ǣģߵؽҴ׻ʳ
Ц˵
ĶֻһȺ߶ѣֲ壬ʵǿ㲻̫鷳ֻҪһƹȥ
ʵ
ײκѷɫ
ǿ
ãͽǴߣȥƳпһ
Ц˵
ոЩտе֪⵺һɳǣΪƳǡλƳ˵˫ǿƥߵϣеһ԰ƳǶɵڰƳǧǿޱȣȫɱ
ƳҶ³ô
ʱоӿֳһǿҵȤ
ûмѪǣȸڣѾӵȹ̵ĸɰգͬʱ֣ⷢһԵϵߡֱѹΪֹ
ۺա
ûмں߶ֱӳŰƳڵķƿնȥ
Ƴǣһɽ嶥ˣڰ֮ɳǡɳǣʮֲɳǵĲǾĸʮֵ棬ɳͨɢһ翳Ϣ
ɳǣߵжż֪Ҫ뵽ƳУƳһصĹأǾǣƳֻɿŮΪа񡣵Щ涼޷ڳжӡһȫɳǡ
˵ֹأðƳУֵһۿȥǿŮĺÿҲˬĿá
УһֳȻϢ
Ϊ֮
ڰƳУǧǽ֣ʮǿĽޡƳǵǧʼղ಻٣ˣٽѡ油ϡ


1229 Ҷ³
ǧߵϣΪ֮ĽĶ󣬿ϧѡģ޲ǳ͵żԤ޷ѡϡ
ɴܿƳһˡκ覴ã
ɽ֮Ƴ
ƳҶ³
һ
ɹ
Ҷ³ǵɣǽΪΨϽ⡣УҶ³ǵϽʣؼǿĽ֮һңɣȻݱĸӿ¡˭֪ʵﵽʲôز
ĽУõ󣬻չ¶ôµķâ
ǿĽ⣬һλޡ
һ۵ľٶ£ûжãͳƳ⡣
ò˵ƳǵĹģȷʵ˾̾ߵߵв£ܽɳǣʣҶ³ǿʵǷֲģĽ⣬ܱڣȻûж߸ҿƺһͻв
ǹɽ⣬κεĴڣ˺ѰĿ·â
Ҷ³ǣñʼʶһɡһն죡
вӿֳһ˿Ȥйâһն콣ѾСͬʱŰƳǾôһնȥһŨն콣⳹׹עն콣УУƺɱ֮ڻصӿֳնĿ־
ҵĽ쵲ǰҲҪһն֣֮ն
ǧɣһƿƼ䡣
Ϊɫ˺ѳա
Ѿﵽٽ⡣Ժ˵Ǳ֮ĽޣҲѷɫֺ
ýһն콣⣬һǡɣ
ƳУһ˷ܵĻ
ʡҶ³ǵǿĽ⣬еսͱ׼붼룬ֱʩչ۷Ͻ
ˢ
һư翵ĽԳƿնڽУȻԸܵһǿ󵽼µĽϯգһɰ覵Ľ⡣

һּµܿƼ䣬Ůƫƫ衣
裬ǽ衣
ںϽķâ赸һ˿һɲǣĳµĽУȫʱţҲһвٸȤ
ò˵һ˳вԸĽ⡣
У̺ǿµɱ
Ҷ³ڴʱͺɱ˵ġǶԽɱڣסеɱ⡣ʵɱءٶȸ쵽£޷ĵز˲Ϣ䣬ȻǱһɱʱκβɻоУ׳١ֱԶ
ͨ쳹صķɽն콣ֱоһ
ÿһ˿ⶼڽ档
ܱߵĿռ䣬·ŤƱ顣
־־֮ײ
գƳУĿ£ֱӣֱʱо۾ݳǿҵĴʹУָоʵ̫ˡ·Ҫ˺ѡ
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˾ժǾ̾˵
õɱ䣬һֵ·չ¶ʵͬ¡
Ҷ³Ľޣȫһ򷨣ҡ˿ɵҾ޵УҾǿ˫
ĽޣǿԽսģٽ⣬ͼǿߣʵսԿԴﵽླΣգչֳȫ޷Ԥ
䣡
ײ໥
֪Уͬʱ
Ȼֻǽ뽣֮ıƴʵɱûûʩչԪ
ҪȻƾ辳ѹƣױ⡣
콣䡷۳ĽȻ⻹еն콣⣬۳ֽ⣬Ϊһ壬ݱ콣⣬ʱ⽫ǿ󵽲˼飬һնء
аԳ
콣䡷ϽǱ
Щ겻ϲѾڵʽѾɣȫ۳⡣ĽУͰն죬죬⡣ĽЩҲѾüĿҪ˶ãͿǶԡ콣䡷һơ
ʲôˡ
Уֻһɫ۵̤ڰգһѩ׵սսΪɽһս챦ںϣΪսĽһһپ١˵ϣסɽսԱ
ò˵Ҷ³ǵòʮӢͬһֶصļ㣬ƮȻɣ̤գƺʱȥΪɡ
׻ʳ֮С
ƽ˵
Ҷ³ǣҲɰ̾ȷʵһλɰңһַԹĽʸ
׻ʳԭǴ˵е׻ʡѹǿĽΪϧ㲢ǴĽޡ򣬳ɾͱȻߡ
Ҷ³ǿУһĨɫ漴ֳһ˿ϧ
УһУԸ⸶һеĴڡ
ֻǻһֶζѣ̣ԱʶԣκսֻҪܹǺáЦ˵
ûר޽뷨ǽƷȭֻҪܷӳõġΡ⡣
׻ǰĪΪһ塣Ϊȴ˴ն
Ҷ³ǲûĽգ̾ŵľ޴ۣʿҲ˲Ϣ˲²⡣
׻ʳʲôڣ᲻һδ̣˭׻ʳ֣ҲԲǡ
ڿ׻ʳʵȻѾǿ󵽿֮߳ǰڵĽ㵽֮УңߵԶ˵ʮֽⲻò˵һԵ֡
֪Ҷߵľο
ûش𣬶ǿѯʵ
Ҷ³ǳĬһ˵ߵ׻Ǹ½ظôȻСȻϣò˵ѾһռݣȻҶĳ֧֣֮ûκΰ취ҵĽⶼ̡ΨһģǱӰƳǸ壬΢ùһЩҶĳûı档һ㣬Ҷĳ
ǽޣ飬ڽ֮ǰһˣһӡô崦ľ档
ϧЩ飬Ķûа취ı䡣
֪ҶԸȥӹءǿͬ벻ḻ۽ԽߣȻǿ
Ц˵
Ҷ³ǵҲܿûѣǿߣ壬Ϊģֻƾһ㣬Ǿ㹻ˣǿԽԽáֻҪ壬߸ϼɡ
ҪǿߣҪǿʿ


1230 ذ
׻ѵ׼ߵöôߵϵô졣ֻд׻ʳʵİսȳ
Ҷ³ɫ΢΢һ䡣
еУûдߵϼҲɰһҪ֪׻ʳߵץסΨһһݣȻֻеȵһܹɱܸı䣬ܹȣղܵȡ
ҶģߵҴѾɳѪǣѪӵд󣬿ͨҴɳǣ֮еǲԴԴϵĽߵ˵Ͼһ岢¡ս豾ʼȥ
ƽ˵
һ㣬ȻǿţߵвʣǿԴ׾ʱҲҪѹ
Դˣɡ
ԭˡ
Ҷ³иֳһĨȻͬһ˿𺳡
׻ʳֶΣѾ׵߸󣬲ò˵׻ʳѾչĲ쵽޷׷ϡ˴ͳ
׻ʢ飬Ҷ³ܹ⡣ȥһ³ˣ
Ҷ³ǳ
ֻᣬУ˵Ҳһο۽Ļᣬô붼ӦôŶԡ
߳Ľõ
߳ȥܿ磬ӷḻʵءԸֲͬķ顣Ƕ̵һ׳ͬҲҪ׻ʳ⴫˵еصһ˳
Ҷ³ǷذƳǣȻȥŽ뿪ˡ
ϣڼ褵ˣеĿҲһĨ
һ֣νһáı΢塣̾
԰ƳǣҶ³ǵߵϣ⣬ȻλˣߣȻδػǴߵʲô谭ȻһЩӰ졣һȶءڼЦ˵µ룬Ҷ³޷ܾû˭ֵܵʶӹصջǿߣû˭ԸһءлʶȻܾܾһ֮ͬ£Ҷ³ǲҴ޳ߵϲȶءгȻڴ֮Ĵڡ
νһٶá
Ȼ޴ڡ
褰и̾
һһж⣬֪Уɲ֡
Ҷ³Ĳ֪𡣲п϶²⣬ֻ߳ȥջ޷ܾͬڴǰҲ۵
˳Ӧǵѡ
ûж̫ãҶ³ڰٰƳ˺ֱӵۡ
ûߵϻһȦ󣬵ȵڶ峿뿪ߵĿĵӥжȥ
һ·ϣеĲ׳Ȼ̾Ϊֹ
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ĳУͻȻð֣ĺ޵һաǿֲϢ޾Ŀ־塣Բһ㺣Ԫǿߣᵱ˱ܡ
жĿֲԵСٲڡ
УںͻȻֵУдݳµȻȻľͽˮȫɽȥ֪ձη
ЩͻȻ䣬Ԫңռ俪ʼŤһطϣп񱩻ңк޴У͸ĵиһ˲ͷָѪƬںϣǻ棬ǲпֲ¡
ò˵У̫̫Σգ̫̫δ֪
ʱȻš
֪Уٴο졣
ĴСߵѷɫһΪ쵺һΪ㵺һһƬ޴ĺУڶ۷ܡ֮赺֡
һȻڶࡣڵռžصĵλ
죬ûжǷֱڿߵλһɳǡͬʱٻھսеĴ׾ţԴΪչˣȻд˻ᴦ׵Щϣûʲô̫ǿĴڡ
ֻҪȴ̰ðɳѹȥ㲻ȫ½ϵвҲҪȫҰɳΪģͽ˵һвʳ󣬾ԿԴĿ꣬׻ʳûһԽ
ҪʱǱĬһβơһ죬ȫɴ׵ĵ̡
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֪УѾʼӥڵĺ
ʱȻš

ӥ
췶ΧܴȻȲޣɴ档
½ϣɽˮ½û𣬶ңҰУɽïܣһſŹ֦ҶǲԾ鲼Ұɽ֡Ұݶñ˻Ҫߡ
ӥҪλãһƬ޴Ĳԭ
ԭϵ̲ݸӵķʳݶϲĿɿʳ
Ƭԭ֮Ϊӥԭ
ԭϣȻԿһɹŰһγɵľۼءܱߣûȦĸڡţСңЩԲһ㡣ţţ͸Ӿ޴ɢһҰԵϢÿһֻܸ̺ܵǿ
ͻҪ˱ᡣ
Ⱥ죬󲿷ֶǳѪɫƬսΪѪ˵ǺѪֽսھϡѪңлԵֱܹӻΪȻǲģܲܳɱ䣬Ǽʣһġ
ЩУܿһ壬ԭ崩ŴɫʵķΣһ賤ޣ䵶ĿϬ
㣬Ҷ㣬ĥĥʲôҪ͵Ļʲô³ӦҪ֪ʳǺܱ󣬷ûʸȥġ
һȥţţ̣һȥ˭ҪǸҲǾǱɶ򡣡

ֻһūɹŰ˳һƼݣãѾﵽ²ĵزһԵüΪǷϡһۿ֪жδѾûϣֻľһջɵġ
ūա
ֻȣЩϸ׻ա
ЩķԸ£һūȥаţ̵ģȤġûκα顣
ߣЩ򣬶һȺóˡŶ˷ʳˣһȺųֻΪūͥѾдԣҪƬ½ط֣ǵͥӥͥƬ½ء
һսʿԺ˵
ӥͥĽòԭϵ弯ǰʱΪ壬ͥӥΪذ⣬ذһͥе塣
˵ӥͱӣϹΪǿңԲ̰ԵͥУҲ˾¾η


1231 ˳ɹɱ
ӥذʵжǿû֪˵սˣȫѾˣңȫʬ֣û֪Ĺʲôֻ֪һһǿʱʩչ򣬾ȻݣǵأӲǿ˺Ƭ
֮·ס
ޣһʵﵽĽ׵ޡ
ûǿʵôѹסѷĺ塣

˿̣ӥһɽǰһɴĴŮһڳһֻץһֻ޴ħǣͷħѾܿһ·ϹһѪۡѪۺܿû뵽УʧѪζУѪϢɱϣʱڷ
һѪϢֵһᡣ
Ůת߽ǴɽɽâһڣȻȻʧ濴͸ʵʯû˭ֲˣ⾹Ȼһǰ󷨽ڵϢһ˿ûй¶
ɽһ
̤ϴ󣬹âһ䣬ŮӰѾʧ
ٳʱȻԿѾһŹֵĿռ䡣
ϸȥܱߴ󲿷ֶʯһĵطܣŲ飬Щҹ飬ɢ͵ĹâΧĻ
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趯ʱ
ƬռУһ¥
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ϸȥŮӺȻǵ嫺ֹĹɴɴϵʣôľ˫˿ܸܵá
㣬鱨ӥͥҪŵļֻ£ӥҪȲһͳӥһŮ󣬿˵
Ⲣֵ֣ӥ嫺лȡ嫺ͼ֪ӥ⣬ŸӹأеǿҰģԲԼƫһżţҪͳһӥǰǰ飬˭޷ı뷨ֻǿϧһ죬Ȼô졣
ƽ˵
ֽѾ׼
ֻΨһû뵽ľǣʵ̫ˡ
һӥͥʼģ϶һƬȷѪ֪꣬ҪжսУû䣬ŵģҲʹ಻ͬʬ⡣
ߣӥͥҪͳƬ½أҲҪǽ𲻴ӦΪЩ޹İգһӥͥΪ
Ů¶һ˿ᶨ
ǽ
ҲǹԽΪУҵһЩܿĥŮӣ󣬴ڽΪܹӵԱܹ֮ȥ
ʱƣۼŮԽԽ࣬ӰҲڲš
Ůһʵ󣬾ͻֻҪΣգܵϮĻնɱʱǽһ׺ݣȫʬ¡ϵķ˵ͳΣӥͥнȳա
ҲУӣյУżߵܶ˶ԽΪֻнŻ᲻İǡϧֻŮΪӡǲܼġ
ӥͥУƬ½ϣĲأѾһҪҳֱӴݻ٣⣬ʲôطҲȫûа취ݻ١
أӥϣҲǳġ٣ڶԣû˭ҵڵء
ӥͥҪţһӲġ
ֻһ˭ֹ֪ḶʲôĴۡ
ִпܴ޷󡣽в֪ٽû䡣
ӥҰģײеԸ񣬾Բͳӥѡ׼ǰӥͥɱӥֻҪܳɹӥͥ㲻ױҲᷢһʱңʱǿȡһδϢʱ䡣
һĿƶ˵
Ѿ׼ɱӥӥʵΣ˭֪ʣΪϣԲκѷɫֻҪɱ˳֮ԲǼ򵥵顣谭޷ġ
ͺñȻʷУԻʵ۲Ҫɱʵ۵ġûһǳɹ
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ʿɱʵۣÿһʵ۶ûзŹʣһʵ۱ɱɹҪɱһλ˳֮Ǿ˳ڶԿεѹܹô̿ʹ粽Уѡ
ԣͬûаգûаտͥнһ˳֮ɱˡһȥȴǱżͷȥġҲҪΪȡʱ䡣
ڵȴȴǵϣĳ֡
У㣬ɱ˳֮˵Ҫͥ˵ѹƣһʵʮδܷӳɣ£ܴɱɹң̫ΣˣǽĹǣԲܳκ飬ҪǲˣҲͲˡ򲻿ԡ
Ůɫ䣬ԥĿֹ
˵ʲôԸȥͥɱ
Ǿһʮôȥ
Ҫ˳֮ôɱģؼ䲻֪ٴͨ߿׵Щ˳֮ʿΪǴŽɵġǲⴥġ
ڽҪԣ֪һ־еľ֧һ䣬˭޷󣬽ᷢʲô飬ʲôı仯ɶĺ
ˣϴλ˵ֻҪĵȴ׻ǿ߽٣°ô֪ܲǾ콵١׻ʳؼһ˳Ҫܹ϶Եֵӥͥա
ŮͻȻ뵽ʲô˵
ֻˣȻ嫺֮УҪԽľ룬ô׵飬кͼɴž޴Σգο׻ʳжǿδ֪ҪǰҲ϶ǶʱġҪǻʱĻǿԵȣڣȱٵľʱ䡣ʱѾˡ
ҡҡͷ˵
ȻѾ˵̵ʱڸеӥǣЩ˵˵Ϳԣ̫಻ȷء
̶һʱ䣬ȷ׻ʳôˡܷһ⡣
˳֮ô򵥵ġ
ˣѾͳӥս
һ漴̤ȻȻʧֻһµĲȱӰڿнɢ
Ҫȥ飬ûֹܹ
һߣҲһޣе־εȼᶨǾһǰ


1232 ִ
ﱾһλˣϣѾԥĿʼȥɱӥսΪƬϵգǸΪۣкβɡ
Թ񣬴ûһܹ̿ɹɱһ
ҪһֻҪģδûгɹĻᡣ
ɱ뿪ˡǰӥͥ
ȥ
飬أ

Զ֮գ뿪޿ʼһȥʮ졣
һ޴ĵ⣬ԶһƬڲϿ
£ݺͼʾ꣬ǰεĿĵأҲӥС޲磬Ҳ֮һңһƬֵ½ء
ڼ˿ͼЦ˵
ˣʮʱ䣬һԽ½أдȽϻߣΧȽСĻ߹µЩµ֮ܳΪ죬ȻҲвСķΧܹһɳǡĹµֻҪ֣ǺԥڹµϲɳǣɳΪܱߺ뵽׻ʳͳӰ֮ڡ
Ĺµ;У¶ʮЩɳǸոȥɳɴһְٷϴ˵״̬ܹĸо׻ʳĹڲϱȻǸոսɳȥ뵽׽֮ڡ
£ȻȻˡ
ˣӴӺ
½ϣԽΪˣںУˣ֮ΪˣҲˮˡںܶʿУɹڵ֮С
ϲɳǵ£ǴƬƬĺ뵽׻ʳĽ֮Уȳָıľڱͼͼ
ͼеĽɽ𢣬ۿɼٶȲϱǣ棬ֳͼһɹɽɽ֮ԴԴϵĿʼͼÿʱÿ̶ܸܵͼɱ䡣Ԫɱ䡣ͬʱٶȴнᾧٶȿνǵ
ڵеԱϡ
ʮУԭٶĵУԱϣȻﵽ߰ʮС
Уд
ĸԽӵ̡֮򣬵õͽɱ䡣˳֮֮˳ǿԴٽԵۻ֮Ӿ
ศɡ
ң⻹ֻǽһʼĺôںԴԴϵĺô
ķ׻ʳ˼ӳֵٶȡкӵԱ֤ҵΪʱͻƣһǧУɹ֣ﵽԪ񾳲¡
жΪͻƣͲġ
ʱʱѹơ
˵øȣһֳ
Ȿ˳֮Ӧõĺô
ȻвܾԼΪʵøǿԶʱԽǿԽá
ӥܴпһЩ顣
ƽĿӥʣһƬΪ½ءδػǰĻĽΧҪС˵ǵ죬ֻ磬嫺ԡҪȻκεطǶһƬ½ءǧзܡ
΢ϼۡ
ȻһЦƽ˵
̧ۿӥƺһ˸ƺܿصİͼи֡ʿУӥȻûʲôͬУȴƺܿһ˳̾ա
гģгߵģлΪģи̻ᣬܴпӥ̽ᣬң޵Ǳء
Կͨɷֱо⣬˺աзգգʥޱȡ
ɿһЩʲô
ջĿ󣬿ѯʵ
ӥ򵥡λãкɫ̾ᡣƬӦþӥ֮ͥأͥ󡣲ӥͥڵģһƬŵǷ˳ѷɫڣ٣ӥͥûнƬ½سͳһ
˵
֮Ҳʩչ޷ʱֿ̽̽ͬҪԸ˵ķɳһֵס񶼻ᵱش
ԣܶʿӵпԹ˵ķȥһСģǻ˵ġ
ӥȻһ㡣
Ц˵ԽӥǾԽҪ¡֣׵ͳ֮ڡ
ǰֱǰӥںѰյأ¸˵
ǰٶȼ죬۵ٶȣƬ̼䣬Ѿѡ¼λãٲȻһƬ޴ɳ̲ƽԭ
ƽԭϣڡ
ܱܿһ͵Ĳ䡣Բ壬˵ȫ塣źʮƵΣֻϣ˵Ƥ棬ܿһϸܵƬڣЩƬʮơ
ۡ
˵ȫ塣У֮Ϊ壬ԼƺΪ壬ţǳһƱ仯ĺ塣
ò˵Щȷʵ档
ΪӵѪϸǳƬԣˮԣֱǿ츳ˮΪ׽һˮǾ͸Ǻһ硣ˮгõǱˮһ㶼õĺ⣬ϵƬȻĴˮмȡˮеս˿ܵӰ죬ңܷӳԶս
ͬʱҲ½棬ֻʱ뿪ˮĻоһѣԣһ㶼ס뿪ˮ̫Զĵطڿˮߣкд󺣵ĵطˮ壬á
ıº̡̫ͣҲǱȽ׵塣
УȽƵġһ㲻ᷢͻȻҪɱɲη壬ڿˮߣɱ͸ˮս֡
ȻҪһ֧
һ岿䣬Ϊǧò䡣
ʮɫ۳ںǰǧòȻܿ۾Ϲˡǧò˿ɲ٣ſԴﵽʮ֮ࡣͬ齨ڲԼľӣңȻҪΣʱ̣ȫȫԱչֳǿս
۵ĳ֣ǧò˲䱻
䣡
˴֡
ûսףϵƬõսףˣԲϸıǿϳɳøӼ͡ŵıأһ޳Ĺǽ濴ȥƺǾ޴˻еͷݱɣ滹̣ʮֵ
ֱڽб֮ΪǽˮУӵǿķˮ֮ңϵ̣ڹؼʱ̣ӳǿƻһ̽ڣʱȫ˺һ޴Ѫ⡣
һĽ̤䣬ͷϻһͷɵڣͷǹŹ֡
⴦峤Ϊ롣


1233 
峤ոǷ֣Щս֪ðģշС⣬ӦòƬ½ϵͲ֪ʲô壬ʲôˡǵ˻ѡ
һص˵
ѾȻǺ룬ܸܵϵ׺֮Уܻŵģ޸֮ʵǿᣬ׺ġｨ䣬ǲеĴȻǴʬɽѪɱľ
һȻȻɢһǿɷ
˿̣һ˫˫۾ŲϿۡ
վŵĺ塣
죬Ǹֺǡסʲô
ѵǰɴû˵ǿ󣬿ԿԽƺܡ
һ𣬺ʣڿװϵľӺһ¶֮ɫڴ֪ӰоǺûǿ츳ӥϣǴײ㡣ӥͥѹƣѹƣѹơ
ףǴ׻ʳһλȻ׻ʡ
뿴վۼװϵһϤӰжʱһ𣬲ӿֳκˡ
ʶС
߿˵Ув֪嫺м棬ϣеݣڵʱȻǱ֪ͬʱҲܸܵǹǿƣ嫺ڰλʱǰǰеϯλ
ǿڶ£ʱǺȺһ㣬ȻʮĿ˭ʶ⣬ϸ۲죬еòȻʮ̣£һۿϳݣвɾȡȻ֪׻ʳҲ嫺ڣֻû뵽
׻ʳȻѾӵ߳½ص
ֱǲ˼顣
ͬҲף￴׻ʳӣ׻ζʲôζţӥѾ뵽׻ʳ֮ڡпܣһ̣ģǴ׵ı档Ը𹥷У
֪λ׻ʻƬ½شʲôϣɱ¾
Ȼۿ۲Ͽͬһ˭׻ʳĳ֣Ǵʲôǽ壬ķ֧֮һѪҲѪ˭֪׻ʳǵ̬ʲôġ
峤ҪҪ档
ѯʵ
֪ͨȥûҵǰ׼ֹۡ档
һȻ
ȻѾ߳½صĴڣΣԸ׷ͻǼֱ
ǰ׻ʵ档
ۿ󣬿ں
Ȼݵգ䵽֮ϡ
˼ﾹȻʶңĪǲμӹᡣҼ档Ҳ¶һĨ֮ɫߵĽ壬˼
壬ֳ֮Ϊ壬ѪΪ֧봿׽û໥鷢óˮսΪԽӴһ£˳㣬ӥȡ˽⡣
˵
֧ͬԳ֮ΪһӣȻЩ˽֮࣬ʵУѾŽı
ֻҪΪãûʲôǲŽġ
ƽ˵
Ƶ壬жԸɣӲҪ˵֧֮һ
ʾǡ
л˵峤Ըһ
ã
΢󣬾ͿڴӦ
峤ɣҲաʲôҪ˵ģѵھ˵
ɫʱһ䣬ԥȰ
ǧ֮ãóȻǰҪ峤ϵۣ˵ҪȫڶԷϣôԡ
޷׻ʵݵλ沼ı
˵
еݵλȻʲôΥݵλ顣
ʵȻշвС¡գۼ䣬Ѿ̤նϣȥһߣҲһߴۣۣȫǻȻɣûһ˿ķ϶ңǾ޴ļװܹɴʿսʿȫǰսһѪɷˡ
ģϵĴǴϸֳĺͼڣ˲ƺһ˲䣬Ǿ޴ꪾͻն£һжݻ٣׻ǹǺޱߡ
ǧò峤׻ʱ¡֮һ棬ɸʤ
빧˵
峤ˡǧòΪ壬Ҳ壬֧֮һ֪峤ãǲ䣬Ƿ塣
ҲûйĨǣЩʱʵˣݵλһΣʲôıȫǫ̀ĶЩҴţֱ˵˵𵽸Ч
ΪﵽһΣ˭ɵӡ
뻵ɱβǡ
ȻеȻ̺⣬վӣȷԼǧò
ǽĹ
ҽ屾֧֮һԸǵݣԸǣһȻһ֡
ϵĿ˵
ڻҲ¹һءϣԸɣԸΪһӣǲԸɣǾ͹ֲǡһдȥ
Ͻ֧ǽһӡ岻ϣǽͲǡ
УѡӸһ
жԣʲô⡣
󣬵ȻһЦֱ˵ֻҪΪƣѪǾһӡ岻˵Ҵ׻ʳϣҴףһͬʣ˻ӡҴУֻҪ壬Ǵ׵İգӵͬȨȻҪõ࣬ǾҪŬȥȡ
׻ʳܾκ壬˵Ѫ壬Щ֧룬ܸǿ̡
壬ǵ츳ǣˮսĺ֣ĺ
ȻҲ㣬ǰӥܵһλ룬ҲΪӥ֮ͥ£ѵնȻҴ׵ĴѾ̤ƬأƬ½أͱؽΪҴױ֮ء⣬ᱻҴ׽֮ڡУ˳߲սûжԴ
м˵
ԥıǰ̬ȡǾҪӥñǰأǴĿꡣ
һҲɰȻȻ²⣬׾ȻĴҪӥǴ׵ʵ̣ǿʲôز
׻ʱ£֪ǧòǼ׻ʳǴܸǲʲô
һٴοѯʵ
ڼףûбֳ̫Ŀ֮ġ棬ȻԴ״ǧòֿټϴ׻ʳΪصһ˳硣


1234 Ͷ
ò˵ϣһö
ҪǻǾԲױ¶̬ȵģû˭Ըһûǰ;ȴͬصһʳ񣬸߳½أ̤㺣򣬿ʼⷢȻǿԿõġʵδǰӵ財
Ȩ֮£ѡѾټ򵥲
ֻҪɵӣ˭ѡһûϣĵ·
ԸŲף֮ǰ˵װոܵȨȫУȱһ˿һңڽｫһɳǣԸ⣬ɳǵĳġͬʱҲԽɳǣΪаա
ٴ˵
ɳһҪǰĲ䲢ʺϡɳȫ޷ȡ
ãǧòԸ׻ʳΪ񡣻μ¡
ûٳɣ°ݼ
ΰݼ֮ǰͬһΣо֮Ҳȷݡȷ
ãн룬Ҵ׿ν绢ţԷ׳󣬱ǿΪһ̣ĵһɳǣΪ۳ǡ
Ц˵
л£
Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
۳ǣԽٲȻһĪ٣ͬǴŽǧ֮ͬǧģ¶ĥǵĺۼ
󣬻뿪ۣز䡣
ڽոľ֪˺һȻ˭ѲȣȻ̶ʱ뵽СǾܾġ
֪Ǵ׻ʳ󣬶ʱеĿܲʧˣڴ׻ʳ֣жţ׹֪ҪľȻǿ嶥ﻹвӦĵ
Ҫ֪ǲƺǿ󣬺ңڣʵŴΣգ޲ϵĳ½ݵϮÿһʱ䣬в䡣ʱʱƬصΣաܼף־˵ܵõı䡣
ȻֶΪ
ʲôĺô
ܴ󽵵ĵĿܷ
ֵõ׻ʳ½һɳǣңΪֵɳǣǿԾס棬ΪպеĿܾͳʧˡ¶ȸԾ֮ɫȻ޷赲еĿ
¡¡
Ƭ̼䡣һƬ޴ĿյϿգһɳƾճ֣˲£˲Ϣ䣬ܵԪܵĿʼּ
ɳϣֳ֡
гŵĽ۳ǡ
ôǴ׵ɳôǲ˼顣
ǵĲɳǱֱС׼ףȫûпɱԣǸߴĳǽ̵ĳǻϵϢֱɳǡ
ԺĿԾסɳ֮ôĿԣԺİȫ˶޺ޣ׿Խǽ赲
ǧòĿã¶˷֮ɫбޱǿҡ
ԼȣǼֱǸؤûж𡣺ܶĵĸоһ
ʵò֡
ţڻķԸ£俪ʼǨƣһŸƷ뵽۳Сһ˸߲ҵչ̡
С
Ϊ
óǧò֮ǰռڷڴУдڼˡ
ڿеĿУøӵĹ
뵽׻ʳ󣬶ڴ׻ʳһҲʼϤӴ׵ķչһԽ˽⣬ԽǸо׻ʳǿǿϢġսϣˡƷǼûм
ǸҬгҬвѾɱҬҬ̺֭ȥڸиңΪûбĺöֻºһҬ֭Ʒһز
ϣÿǰһֻС룬УȻ峺͸Ҭ֭ŵһȻ˱Ƕ룬ŵ̲ס
ڵϣҬơ⸽Ҭ֡ԪĴڣùһЩɱ䣬ȻЧڸУֱһڡ
Ҭ֭ȷʵѵõܡңʤڴȻûκʡȥá
Ц̾
ȥ˲ٵ
Ĺ֭Ƿͬһ㣬ǰϣ֪Ҫٱ
ϲͺãҬлһЩʱȥʹҲʺȼλһƷЦ˵ܿҲһ˵ġ
ˣЩԺ˵ڻóΪǽһӥ֪Ķ˵
ƽ˵

ɫһ˵Ƭ½أҲǱ˵ӥ۸ӣ壬ӥͥ
ӥͥΪˡƤͻǡ
еĮ˵
ӥͥĺ𡣵Ȼ壬ֻǵı̫ײУ˵ʹһֿµԡȻ˵ɶֱɱˣʳϣ㲻ϣǿʳ㲻ǿ󣬱ԵҲ޻˵
ӥͥȴ˳ˣǵµŤԵŤ
壬Ϊˡ
ɱ𣡣
ǡ
Ȼ˵ӥͥռһƬƽԭʵˣʮǿᣬң˵ӥͥһʮ׽ңǷţΪ£бΪ̵ļͽ鲼ӥԭţڻУлתǲģû
ӥͥ⣬иΪǿģһΪ۾Ⱥ;޴ÿһֻһֻ۾ֻ۾֮չֳǿܣһɾƻÿһ˵УӥͥҲǡ
ഫһ۾˴ӥͥʱչһҵĽ棬ɱңҪɱƽԭ棬һֻ޴ķֽѹ־ˣʮֲб°н˵Ŀܡ
һޱĽ˽˵˳
峤ô꣬ҲǳԸɷġ˽ȷʵܶࡣ
һЩǿ˽⡣
磬д˵еĽ
ʮصĻ塣
дڻҰУħ֣û˵ɱΡһЩ죬ҹĻҰײУһЩħû֪ǵ
û뵽ӥϻǴ۸ӡھԵʵǰһж˭Ҫ·Ǿȥ
л˵
ԺѾʼֳӥһЩ档
ҴֻҪƹȥɱ񣬷ɱ𡣡
褳˵
ȻҪԵĻӥֻͥβöԸ˳һ𣬲ô׵ģټϣͶ޷ĳ롣
̾


1235 
Դӥͥûа취ǰһ·޼ɵĺƹȥǲܡ
ӥͥУԺΪ𡣲ͳεķΧУΪ׻ΪūǿΪΪķչֵ쾡¡
˵ӥͥаʮڵĻֻһǺѪо׻ѪһյİΣͻ־޴˿ɲ岿䣬˼ɣ˶ԣѾûԣĴڡóȥǵǡ
ǰΪ˳״ݻ٣ҪӥգǴĹУҪܵı֤޹յȫܶĽȳˡ
ԣ³ç
ɱȸ岫ɱա
Ƕ䣬Ǹӡ
۳ǼȻѾҲζţǴ׻ʳӥϣԼĸݵأֻҪ򿪴󣬾ԴԴϵĵǲǰξܵĽȳգҪλı
п˵
˽⵽ϵò˵֮ǰ֪ĻҪпϾݻ˵ӥͥЩƵƵƺʲôˣȻʲô¡
ǵʮеһֵ̫ǿӲʣӥͥͻЩвľٶ֮ΪʣҪЮǡʱȻýѡңҪǣһʼͲӥͥ׵ǵͼУҪӳ顣
˵
ⲻһ׵飬һӥʣͻòʰڰն뵽ѵС
ܽЩӥͥеİȴƽһ档
΢˵
һ⣬˵ףҪȥȴ̫ˡͻȻϮ£Խȳһ֣ݾ£϶ΣΣյС
⼸һ޽⡣
ԿһսһսսеĻδԴһԽػأҪӥ°գֻҪ˳õδؾͲ
ڼһʣ˵
ҪȰգıУʩıҪЩˣȫ뵽ξ֮У˯֪֪Ľմоȳ
ͻȻ˵
Ժ뵽磬ξʮһܹϢϮ
Ϣӥϵȫ˯ǲʲô飬Կɣ˵ǽգǽɱһɶҲ׾ٵ顣
ܣȻξֶΣҪӥͥȫ˯ǲܵ顣кԥҡҡͷ˵
Ҫξƾλõ̫࣬Ͳοһ˳֮Ǽ˵˵ѡӵ
Ǵͨ߶˵һ˳ȫ˯
ʵҪЩգ£ֻҪ㣬δؾͲƽһ⡣
йâ˸ͻȻ˵
Ŷʾ
и˵ѯʵ
΢һƣԾȻһաȻܾȫӦЧ΢󣬼˵ӥͥڲԼȺգ֮Ϊūʹͬߣ˽ƷȻˣδزԽǹūֻҪСĽӥ㹻棬ɿܵ棬ǾȻȻᶯġ
ڹʱūʱūǾ顣
ʣ˶ūǺ⣬лὫЩֵǮūȥȡǮƣȡʵĻԺ赲εջ
˵ЩūԻȡңȡʣǾԲЩūסңĴ׷档
ֻҪǴʵǮơ
ЩǮƵǲ£ֻҪӥͥеǮȻȻ»صСȻҲһ취δܽȳȫİա
۾һ漴ü˵
Խ׵ַȡֻӥͥ϶ܽеİȫóסлŲСı
⽻֮һԣȻڼҲһΪӥӥ
ڼ˵
ŶԸꡣ
׵ͷѯʵ
ԭ壬ϲȾƣÿУ޾ƲϲȾƣΪʲôơȻ󡭡
ڼ˵ԼıУҲɰȻ
ֻ֮һڶǿõ֮
ڼ̸һһУɫ䶼һǿҵš
еҲƵƵͷ
ӥͥԲɣ벿֮䣬໥ìܣĻδزԴнӥͥңȣȻ޷ȹ̡
ͬڲ
ҲĿʼıߡ
ò˵ڼ˶Ƕıʿڻ֮ǰȡ鱨ѾʼӥͥԺиԭ̰㣬ӥ׳ı
գΪһӥӥƻ
ãӽ쿪ʼӥƻʽڱӥͬʱܵľȳաȻܾȶ٣;ȶ١ľȲģǾֻãʱһøĺȥᡣҴһɣκвѪծѪ
ϵ˵
Ȼܹȳյ£ȻԽΪһıӥͼǾִֻɣΪʣײʣвȻΪʣǾֻɱɱɱѪѪѪծѪ
һ̣Ѿûκʴȿԡ
ȲƱΨѪ֮
ӥƻûдȥֻи߲֪
Ӫկ
ڶ죬
ȻԿѦ𣬺ͫ|˽Ӵֵ߳ģ඼Ƕþ֮ݼ͵һۡ
ϣڶཫʿءÿһҶһʿûг롣
󣬴챦ۣԴ׻ʳϡȱݳƷӦоУͽۡϵս챻
³ֺѾһԶͼģ渡ֳͨ򡯵Ĺ׭֡һ۾ܿһ̴
ӥƻһͨӥȰա
ڼۣ˵
ЩֻҪרűݣͲ֪ڴ׵ۣϵսʿڵɲ̫ƽдбȫ˵ͨġ˾֣ҲԲ̫⡣Ȼûǿķͨ
ʮͬʱʼӥȥ
ȻֱӳӥͥڵλöȥǷɢȻ̣Ǿȴ忪ʼ̬չֳ
ˢˢˢ
һɫ۳ӥ
۵ĳ֣ʱӥ÷


1236 
ɹȣ
һʮصɽȣļ紺ٻʢһʮص壬Ϊ壬˵ǻɣʵǻо飬˵һ壬Ȼǰٻǣζֻǻо
ˣÿһʮƯһκһλ棬ǶǶŮΪ
صǣ弸ŮԣҪõĻͱɷңһ㶼׸ٻȣú󣬺ҲǹڰٻȡΪٻһӡ
ഫٻŮӣ˭һУµģͿ϶ŮӶ࣬˵ŮӤļʴﵽųɣֻвһɵļӤӤֻḧ꣬Ȼ󣬾ǲͳȣΪĸЩкһȢӣµŮɿԻع黨塣
ֹغǹŹ֡
ƺһԹɣ׼ȥơ
Ȼһ岻ǳƯͬʵҲ൱ףͰٻеĻԣӵж⴫УΪɾʮ棬ңó֮սһ㶼˵ڻеĵˣĶʬϰٻʢ޾ס
û˭ϣԼͻȻһƬʻ
ԲԸ⡣
ӥͥҲǻɹȵˡ
һ죬ɹϿգͻȻһƬӰ
ùڰٻռۻ꣬׼ƣҺĻɷ׷̧ۿաһۣһ˿𾪡
ʲôôսȻƯմ󡣡
ƺˣܿһġͨһ̴ô̴ôҼǵãƬ½ϣƺû˭ܾʵ̡
ǴȻ̴Ӧòǵˣ˴඼ԺΪ󣬺ƣеġǻɹȣѵҪⲻɡ
һŰٻȹŮеۣǺ档
ڷ̴еĽ䱸Ҳ˼ٴ롣ŲٵĺöֻҪۣܳͿԻȡҪƷ
ߺˣһɹδֹ̤롣
һɢһ˿ǿƵŮ˳ۣȻں
λɹȵѣ£˵ˣǰֻΪ̶ѣƣɣҲ˺̴ƹ񣬺ͫ|λԸ⣬һƹͺá
վϵĺȻ̶ֺ۵ĺͫ|ЦǺǵģʲôġ
ԭ˵ĵǰڵѣһɹȻӭǰףɹΪнأ׽ʱͣڹ⡣峤֮ٽнס
Ů΢󣬿˵
̽׵飬ǻɹȲܣ˽ܻȡ裬ӵкܶ಻һջ
գɹȵ峤Ҳӱչг֡
ϵϣͫ|нס
ȻĿģĸƷʵġǴ׻ʳгƷƯĹǴɣӻƽиִ¿Ʒ
Щһϵۣ𾪵ͬʱĿƷʱҲһ˷ܡѡ
쿴ʲôƯȻʯĻҪ
޳Ư̺¡ǰĲƥҪ
ǣﻹѾõ·Ư·Ŀʽʵ̫ˣһҿʺСá紩ԡ
ƷɲֻԭϣƽȻɳ۵ļ۸ܸĳƷʮٱĵβܻȡ棬ȻԶ׼ġ
ЩƯ·ЩȻϲޱȣҪ֪׻ʳУкܶඥķװʦһЩִģȻǰƵĴ󲿷ִװתͺ󣬶ڹŴ֣ͬܿϾŮӵĳȹǹŽͨġ
ֻҪһЩ޸ģͿƳ˾޵Ʒ
ټ϶Ĳϣ·֪ǾƷ
ƹʲôװܾܷ򿪿
ڶ໨˸߲ѡ·ͬʱ˿ڷųһЩӣǺӶùǾ죬棬ģƺһķ֮
ҵĺöΪɿɿ̺ŷḻȥԱٹȣһʿʱڲܵңɿĿڸޱζ̺ḻܹΪʳңΪҩ
ͫ|Ц˵
漴ϻ򿪡
һ鳤εɿÿһ鶼˿һ׵˱Ƕ룬˲ԾҪȥת
ǵӻƽɳĮдĿɿɶЩ̺Ŀɿɶµ󣬶һſĶɿɶڴ׻ʳУ˶ɿķִмҩиƳصط
ڵɿΪζɿںϸζɿıøζңȥܲٻָԪϵȾѵĹ屦
ҩҩ
ڴ׻ʳУ൱ܻӭ
һ֣ͱͽӰ
ɿսпӵиǿĻָܹٲġټʳֵȻƣȴֵסͽǵ顣
ó
ɿʱЩӵĿ⡣
󣬻Ʒ磬Ӵ׳ĲҶⲻͨĲҶ衣ʿвС档ѵõƷ
ָƷ໨Ӷϲ⡣
ȻףҲ໥ġ
ɹҲиز
磬԰ٻƶİٻ࣬Ů޶ԣıͿĨϣϣաңʹãղϣഺפЧ
Ů˵ĻƷױƷ
аٻ۳ľһƣȡΪٻ𣬺ȥܹΪкôңԲңܵŮ޵ϲȥһյĹЧ棬ǧϡޱȡ
аٻۡҲʮ
໥䣬нףͫ|ӻɹлȡزɹҲõƷ˫ǽԴϲڽУҲǼ۸񹫵⡣
ûж
ǰ
ʮۣϳӥ
ڶ̶һʱУۣ˵ϢһӾӥϴ￪
˲ںκ壬Ҳó׵ʲôֻҪóǾͿԽסǸƷС
֮ÿһлȡĺô档
Ҳ˵ϴʢۣͯķܶ໹û۵ڰڴ۵ĵ
Ȼ̵ĹУһ˳ġ
Щ׺ݵ壬ĿۣгҪ١


1237 ū
ֻǷ׷塣
ҳ۵ģһһͨͨɱ۵ķټϼװսʿǵʵһɱѪɺӡǣͶһЩ𹥻ֱӽ䳹еղضһɨա
ЩĻ͵ʴ׵ĳɾ͡
һ㣬ҲӥϵΪ֮һ˿˿־壬˭벻ν˾Ȼӵ˿µʵһ䣬˵˵
չ¶һȻ֪ܹӥʵȷʵ˭ܴġ˭Ҫ֣ǻֱӶġ
һЩе˼׷ױ
ʵʵؾصͺá
˭֣ǾС档ͫ|̶йâ˸ЦЦ
¶󣬶ʱ岿ҲʱҲŪʲô۶ӡ棬۵壬ͬҲǸܵ˵ء׵
ͬܶҲھܵ̽˵
ڽʱĴ̽ŵϸ
Ȼͫ|Ҳĵˮ©
˵ǣһǿڣԾΪҪĿģķκ彻ףֻҪۣκζԷ
˵ȻжؾͶأжͶ
һ㣬õϵԽӵļɵ۲˵ңʱóָĺöеĻңҡ
ͫ|Ƕ˵֮һ׻ʳЭ飬ܹԴԴϵṩҡԣף㣬ȫõĻҲ⡣
졣ͫ|һۣӥԭ
ڲԭԵͿһƬɹŰɵĲԭ䡣ӲϵܿӥͥĲ䣬ӥ죬ͥݵλ
ӵ˿ʮ򡣵Ȼд󲿷ūв¶ʮĺˣֻʮʮ򡣾Щ޷ʵԵȣֻ³
ٰձӥͥūۡ
ͫ|վϣĿôͬū㣬ŲϹֱһϢʱ䶼
ɻɻ
ֻҪˣǾ͸ƴĸɻ
ҲҪեȡһ˿ֵ
ͫ|ҲǺˣڣͲΪԼǺˣǴ׻ʳ񣬳ӣһѾǰȫͬµĿʼʱգǴװգһӡԣܵĽԼֿ
Ұģô֮衣Ǽֱ̫ˡ
߿˵ѡ
沿䣬Ҳڵһʱ䷢ۣûоţ˵ڵѾ飬Ȼ֪۲޹ʶ˳ֻ֡ҪǣǾһƽлȡ챦Ʒ
̣ͨƣ֪ʲôҪ׵ġʳби־ĹǴɣķΣֻҪ˵ĳģ˶ҵûУٴεִὫƷͫ|ЦǺǵ˵
ȻʲôҪıԸ۵Ļͬʵļ۸չǳԿġͫ|ЦǺǵ˵ȫ浽һɫݵС
ǣǲвûʲôöԳۡ⴦峤΢΢üоԼʵòʲôö
ǲУӦþЩڣûжٶصزⶫҪܣ׳£Ϊṩʳʳ
λ峤֪ЩǲôоƺɫЩ̫áͫ|ЦŶ峤˵һתָЩƼݵѯʵǹȱʳĻӵԴԴϵʳʴΪṩʳʡ
ʲôˣЩҲµūѡƽʱֻҪάͿԣҪԵ̫á峤м˵ɫ䣬Щգ·֮縡Ƽ⡣
ףȻū峤ĻԸչū廹壬ֻҪūչң۸һ
ͫ|Ц˵
ūף
峤ʱоⱬ䣬¶һ˿˷֮ɫаԽеѽôˣūȫԽūǻۣЩ˵˾ȻԸūֱ̫ˡĲ࣬ū̫ˡ
˷ܣūɲ⣬ǣЩūǽнףǾܹȡǮơҪġ
ȻԽףūȫԽס֪۸Ρ
峤˵
ūˣʮöҡ׳ӣʮöңŮӣʮöңСʮöҡūĻҪ壬ʵΪۡ
ͫ|Ц˵۸˳
ʲôһ˾ʮöңֶʮöŮʮö
۸峤ˡ
峤ߵҲ¶֮ɫ漴ͱһ˷ȡתͷգһ̰
ʲôԴ֮ͬǴ嫺ڡǱȾҪ̫౶
ǶԣЩūһȺһöҶӹһ˶Լֵʮöң׳ūȫһɽɽıذ
һ̣ЩյĿȻýȻͬ
ذⶼǱذȫˣǵܻȡǮƣֱһְ
۸ѵ峤⡣
ͫ|Ц˵
ôᣬ⣬Ȼ⡣˴չū
峤˵۸ľˣҪϼӣͻ洵ˡһ⡣аԹܻȡٵҡ
ȻжҪ٣жū˶Ե£˿ǺĴڣһūѣǾţһë
ͫ|˵
ǿûб߼ʡ
ãЩūˡ
峤ԥ
ҪǴһΣ˵´ξҲСο״
󣬴ձۣӦļ۸ʼ㡣ת֮䣬ʮū󲿷ֶۣūһ㱻ȥ
һȻܽ˶գֻϣѾռţЩһͱͽռУͽС
ȻһҲǽеİūȫۣһ֣һȴʮ٣ֻһ򲻵ҲֻΪ˿԰æɻѡҪˣͲýūȫȥһ
ʮū˴ÿʮöңʮʮÿ˶ʮöʮöŮӾÿʮöʮټͯʮöһʮöһپʮöҡ۸Ӧûɡ
ͫ|ټյļ۸


1238 ӥҰ
پʮöңҵ죬ǡˡ
ǲ峤һ̣ҲĿɿڴŴͣþúϲ£е𾪿ֱ֪ǰδУ벻Щǰûз۵׵ūȻôֵǮ
ѽҵѽ
кͻȻԼͺݺݳȥһʹƺʹ飬ͻ
뵽ԼǰԵգǶǮǽӲӵҰôأΪʲôҪˣҰ
һ룬ʹ衣
ȥԺоԲ׼ˣԲ׼ЩūУԵģǶһɣҲܣԲūǲб˭Ҫ˶Ǳ峤
峤Ǻԥ´
Ŀ⣬ǳģЩգУѾȫɽӲӵҡȻܻȡǮƣЩūǲõĲƸıءԲκεʧʧʧľǮơ
ˣЩǵң˻д챦磬һƣΪѪƣңȥѪҺڣңǿܹǣڸиһһζʺϲԭϵλӢá֤˻ȡ
ͫ|óһơ
ƣǰѪƣʮѵãð޾ѪΪϡҩƣȥΪо޴ĺôͬ۸Ҳʮֲơ
һҪһöҡ
þơȻǺþư
ͫ|峤һһȥʱ峤оԼǰȥľƼֱһ򣬹ƨ硣ȫûκοɱԡ
գ峤һİѪơȻϲòˡ
ûжãٴοʼ̣Զȥʻ䡣뿪ǰͫ|Ц˵һ䣺ūܹж٣˶Ҫж٣Ҫ١ֻҪҳۣǾ͸򡣡
仰ĺ˶һ񼤵
оơ
ֵǣԱ㣬׼ú󣬾ͿԳȥݹȣεĿ겻ǱģЩգֻҪգǾȫץҪģҪġ
峤˵
Уܿһ˿Ĺâ˸
һҰģһǿҵ̰

ӥͥ
ͥǴһ޴ɳǵС
ӥͥʮأɹŰϾɹŰҲûа취һͥɳǽͥڣһɹŰڳеɹŰЩ죬ЩɹŰȴԶط죬
ңӻ
һ޴С
ȻԿһװȵӶϣͷϴŹŹֵΣͷϵΣƺһֻɫӮ۾ӥȻذ⡣ܸܵɢǹ֮ȻһﱾײУֱ֮١
ܷϣʮǿ󣬲ں˵Уһָ
мǿ
˿̣ذϣϵתţһһףءת䣬ƺƿء
תǬ
˵˵ɣˣô˿½ֳôһƲСͬСɡ
ذ⻺˵
ڴУܿһӥͥسߣǰǰϣڷŸʳУһƣǰѪơһ֣Ȼӥܵġ
ǺþƣǰûƷңƣǵʮϡںϵһں󣬾ͳ׵İ治ҪǺˣҪô졣
ʵǿķңϻоУʵǿκθҶצӵĲ䣬ɱûȥԽΪԲܴŭˡҪȻǿɾͺȲôúȵˡ
˵˵
ΪǴҲеū߰ٶöңĴܵҪӥͥиǸŴĻ˵һλˣʱ򣬾Ϲϵ

ˣȻάΪʲôǾ˸Ǵ޴档ͨūȡʵǮƣЩǮƣܹȡԴô׵ܵҪƴãþǻȡǵꡣҪġ
ū⣬ǳõǿɲϣʲô⡣ɲҪʧ
˽нףūĻһ֡ȫۡϾӥͥУ˲࣬޷Щūȡģۣͥˡ
ذ⻺˵
Ҫ֪ģū£ͥ˶ֲСĲ
˳˿ڵĶ˵ģûйУ˿һ䣬ҲԴԴϵˣڣūۣӥͥȡԸ˵Ĺʵ̫ˡ˿һ٣˵ٶȣԿʼ½һ½µıȡ
һ֡
ͻȻֵʵǳ棬ͬҲӵһ˿δ֪Ŀ־塣ϧۣǲ⵽Ǵðġ
ˣ׳۲ūۣҲ뱣֤㹻Ͷ
ذҡҡͷ̸һûнһ
漴ɢᡣ
ȥڴ棬һӰϢĳϡ
ô֪Ϊʲôʼһֲĸоϸ̽飬ȴʼûκεͷֳһˣʵǿ˵ңصĺܡ˲ò氡
ذǸ̾˵
ԼоЩԾֻڸ̽鲻˵
ȷʵŹֻֻ֣ҪӥͥûΣͿԡͨףܻȡ㹻ĲƸһȻЩè壬ֻҪܻȡҾС˵ūĳۣȫͷųľսʿ
Ҫ֪ǰκβ䶼׵ǲȫһ֣ΪʲôΪǵļҾ졣ΪľǷ㿴ЩաЩūַūߣǲĴ
ȴͬȫҪ£ȻͿͷų֡

ǿڵľΡ
Χ壬ϣڰӻΪڲϵĳԷ𹥻һɱѽѷ֡ġ
ڲŸոտʼαװ̴ѾӥԭнȳաЩգ˿Ѿﵽǧĵزڿ־ٶȫȷġѪƻЩһӰ졣οⲻӥƻոտʼѡ
ڼЦ˵
ӥƻһ˹ūȫǳɹȻ
Ц˵
һ·ȳգǺģΰ٣Ѿһ⡣


1239 
ڣͨԹūΪ;ʹӥͥ׷״ĳū̶̼ʱڣѾȡ˿ڡЩȫУʱûна١Ȼ棬ʻǼΪ棬һִ׻ʳԱ
һٻָܵĴˣһҲǵһ壬һĥ£嶼ѾۣҲ̶ã󣬲ſ֮·Ǵ׻ʳ񣬿Դ֮
Ųƽʱ仳ٳУʱ䲻ϼ£ָٶÿնڷ췭ظı仯Եĺȵģ·˼ɾ
ÿռ䣬֪ѾԴ׻ʳصҪסΪ
ǼҪӥñһ𹥷ǾͱȻɳǣɳΪȻЩգʱɳе°աЩۣǴʱƿӥңҴסؽ򣬽øӵļɡ
Ц˵
һɳһ㣬˿ڣȫԽɳǣңǻֻϱҪһʮ˿ھɳȫת
ӥͥѶϢӥͥ£ڳū飬ȳޱȣÿ䶼ֻǱһЩūĶȫǽס֮޲ӡٽȳգӦòκ⡣һǶӥͥĹ˼ɾͿ롣һƣȷʵУңɲӥܡҲֹһֹľɢˡ
ڼЦ˵һӥͥĳ룬Ҫߵ󣬱ӥֲͥףǿֹʱ㷢湥಻Ҫ̫˼ɡ
¾ЩգڱҪʱ̣һµȥ֣Գ׻ʳľ
УѪѾӥͥγɷңֻҪãǾͿ϶ᷢӳƵ칦Чʱ򣬱ȻԸӥͥһвҡ
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ǰѪƿɲͨƣƿ˵һĲǾſڳµʱóġԸ޵ľѪõĻΪĹЧ٣ǣһֺ֢˵Ƕصԡ
ȥˣϻаϢϢûʲôȴܱߵݲϿЩ°ѪƵ֮ΪɱˣвݵѪһͻᷢ𹥻ֱǲݣûеڶֿܡ
һ̫࣬ͻ޳
ӥƽԭϣڵݿӴʮ־ˣһң޳ɵƻ޷ġӥͥһּشؼǣǻ֪ʲôԭġϾ޳ĳ֣Ǻ׵ġ
һ֣˭Ҳԭֻùѡ
ɡ
ֻо֣޳ֵƵΪʲôôƵѡ
ӥƻеĵڶ
԰ѪΪý飬ϢĶӥͥսƻ
ȻһıͬѾʼӳЧѪƱӥͥеϲѾ޾Ʋܱߵڲϼᡣ޳ʱпܱ
ӦÿԿȥҪӥֱͥ
ƽ˵
ȥӥ֮ͥ׸⻹Ҫʱв֡
Ц˵
ӥƻһһΪľҪӥͥױУҪӥͥвȻʲô׵顣ڼƶӥƻɹĿѾߴųɡ
ԣҰƶı
ģӥͥϵ
ܺãǾͼ
׵ͷ£Ѿڼȥΰţȥ֣ôҲûʲôá׵ܳȻҪӳӦáҪȻҪкáרҵ黹Ҫרҵ˲ȥﾡá
ڴ׻ʳ֮С
һɳ֮ڣÿɳڵͽ˵ڵһʱһͽͽǽɫģһ֣ҫĿĽ⡣
ʲô³ֵͽ񡣡
Ȼǽɫģͽӵеɫ֪ʲô񡣡
쿴񣬶ңǲκͽ˶Խȡ񡣡
ÿ˵УͽƼڶ࣬ڴУԽȡͽǶһͽ𣬻һЩ鱨ϵĽŶԱ˵ɡȻÿжʮ֡ȥȥͽ˲֪
׷׽Ŀ⿴˹ȥ
αװء
ںѰµĵ½أһ˳ΪӥͥΪɣΪѪʳūΪӥͥش˷񣬽ӥαװΪαװӥͥ²Ϊūȴ
ͽ򵥵ĽһЩѶϢ˵
ǵڿһɹӥ뵽׻ʳĽ֮ڡʲôǿܻȡĹԶƽʱͽ𣬻йѫ
ϣȻעһ룬֮󣬿ɻȡͽһöңѫǧ㡣Ҫ֪ⲻǶһˣûƵġκ˶ԲμӣɹȡͽҪǵ󣬸ͽǶһ޷ľ֡
ӥͥȻҳˣֱǺԣ˳ͲӦϡͽҽˣҲӥָͥ췭ظ
ǿΪǴ׻ʳսûдףڵӣûͽҲҪȥҲҪ񡣾ԲܸǴ׻ʳͽ˶
ȥӥ
һɳеͽ˷˷ܵĺȺӵĿʼ̤봫ڴҵӥλãϽд͡
Ҫ֪ÿһɳУֻҪǶʵһŵģעΪͽˣһԻȡͽ𣬶սΪսطĸ
κһɳǶҳʮͽˡ
Щͽ˴ģɱӥƣͬ˳ϯޡ
˭Ϊ׿Ϲڴ׵ģȫȿֺȡ
ڽ۳еĴ󣬼ʱ޿̶˸Źâ
һȺȺͽԴԴϵĵִ
ڵִ󣬿ҵӦѶϢȺǰӥƽԭȥʱ򣬷׷׿ʼαװαװõģңϵΪϢȫϢ֮ڣ͸ͨûһԣǶǿߣ޷׿ǵ顣
ϢͽΪֶΣΪˣգһϸͽˡϴó
ǲ˼顣
ĿãԸ̾
׻ʳĵ̾Ȼµ˵زӵͽˣΪѾﵽ˸߶ȡ


1240 
ǰͽУʵ͵ģϾΪңʵߵģѾﵽͼΪսͬУǶǿߡǴʬɽѪһδɱģһζչ޳ġһһ䣬һǰ۲ӵɡ
ȫܴп
ǣЩǴ׻ʳľӽʿһȺͽΪĿĵͽˣֱ׵㣬ǹӶѣЩʵ֪׻ʳʵǿʲô̶ȡ
׻ʳȷʵҽһλһڷɵĴ
밵ң֮ǰûз룬Ūʲô۶ӡҪȻλᣬԺ󻹲֪ʲôӣپԲ
һҪסˣԲܷſ
ͽαװӥͥ
ûжãûпε£ܿͱԭϸ䷢֣ڷһϲĽЩͽ˸ץز䡣
ȻУЩ˿ûж֣̬ȣֱǸԴһһĺúõģʳˮΣȫǿҪƷ
ūףЩ䶼Ʒ޴ĺôȡʵǮƣǴй򵽸ָʣЩݳƷۻңиǿΪııȵȣ֮͡ЩץūУǾǮƣǾǽӲӵҡ
Űɱ
ŲֵǮ
һȫ޾֧䡣
ץԽ࣬оԽӵĸ˷ܡֱǰͲԽԽáϵĳӥƽԭһδϮկפء
ûпⷴ¡ӥͥеūٴοʼǡӣЩУūٴγ˲˿
ڿϲڽǮеĸ䣬ûзЩץգһצĺˮޡ
лһͽˣƾͨѶ໥ϵڰУȴһͽ˵ʵǳ䲻⣬ڲ𹥻Ҫ߸һ䣬¡
ģͽ˵ʵ֮£δػȾнʿѷɫӥͥľʿҪǿһ£Կٵ߸䣬ƬԭƿءֻҪɲ֣ӥͥױ𣬷졣
ڼЦ˵
ڽ۳Уͽ˵ǱѾʼԴԴϵƣһööӣڸóֵλϡϢһͥḶ́һ޷ĸ
Ƕǻ۵һϴ
£Ҫ̽ĹѾϢˡ
۳УһڣȻԿһСͯվǰ˵
γȻٲֵ
¸ֵѾһʱִңٽ뵽ӥУռѶϢ̽鱨У֮صģȻѰҹϢ
֮ǰ빫໥¹ӡǣһִӥܽ˲ӦȡϵֻڽӥϺ󣬲ŷ֣빫֮ϵ֪ô£·һεˣȡϵһ㣬Ҳһ˿
ʣ϶ǹʲô飬ҪȻ˫֮ϵ
ߣǲܵģǾֻǰߡ
ɾ巢ʲôոմﵽӥһжԵúİֵֻܽʼ̽ѰѲ顣ϣܴҵϢ
񣬾ֵ̽鵽һЩϢͯʵһʱǰ
ʲô
һ˵
ֵ̽飬һΪʮǿӥͥŰͬʱϳֽգ־µİղկУżߵ
ңռһŮӣ齨һΪ󡣴ڽŮӽ֮Щ꣬ҲΪǽѣɱޣֵУǴɱӥͥеĽʿպա
ͯʿ˵
Щ鱨ֻܱҪ΢Ϳ̽鵽Ҳò壬һŮӡ˵ӥͥҪţΪòϼƻȻӥϴ󲿷նӥͥͳΡץΪū
ء
׵ͷ֪ǣˡ
ǸոǱ뽣Ϣǰһʱ䣬ӥͥ׼ҪñһͳӥΪֹѾһǰӥͥ׼ִɱӥذ⡣
ʱ䣬ڿİ£Ѿ̽뽣󣬲ܴ̽һ鱨
ʲôﾹȻȥɱӥô³ç˳֮׿Դɱġؼ䣬мڴ̿УǱɱҲ޲֮һ˱£пɳ֮ҪȻ˭ɱ˭
üͷɲǿЦġ
Լ˳֮˳֮ڣ˭Ҵɱѹƣжô¡Ǽֱǲܳɹ顣
ҪɱֻҪ¶ɱ⣬ε֮ȻȻͻѹԷʵѹƴ룬£ܳɹԽⲢǿЦģʵ֮𡣲пܳɹ
ȻʵûдﵽֵزǰȥɱӥǲѰ·һΪ
ӥͥûϢǱӥƽԭϵͽûзֹټ
һٴѯʵ
Ψһȷǣﻹûж֣򣬲ƽ
ûУڵ֪ǰӥͥ¾Ͱͽн̽飬ɲûзֹϢֻֿܣһ֣ﲢûнӥƽԭڶ֣Ѿ룬ңѾǱӥ֮ڡӥǻûȫ͸򡣡
ͯʿ˵
Ӧûš٣вûиоӡǳɢҲζţûг¡
ˣ̽飬Ϣ
жͯʵͷ˵
ǣ¡
ͯʹĿУڴӦĿУһ˿ηһ˿ڵĽ
˵ʵڣͯʱһλκŮѷɫңĽСеļƷǶĿĴڡֻĵģôǷˡ
㵽ʲôϵϡҪȥ
пͯȥԺһٻӰӿֳһ˿ǿҵĵġ
վ׼ǰȥ̽顣
漴ƽ뾲ұչأѾϢ뿪۳ǡڼҲѾ뿪
һɽ֮ϡ
̤ڶ壬¾Ʋ㣬ܣ죬ܸܵڰе޹ﲻд岿䣬կֲ
ÿʱỵ̈ɱڽС
ԭʼϢ
ǻҰĿ


1241 Ѱ Ԩ
Ұԭʼ
ǻҰ
ҲԪı仯κβľԪ£벻ɢʢѡľֳ޴󻯣ʱȡ֣ȻǳҪཡ˶Ͷཡ˶
ΣҲǱһζ
ͨ鱦
пûЩ羰һ䣬ʱһͭžƾճǰžϣܿصϽ֯áͨɢصԣƺܹճ
һ棬Ǻпͨ鱦
ͨ鱦źĽϵɱ䣬Ѿø죬Ѱ̽̽ѰټҲ׾ٵ飬ֻҪԸ⣬ȫͬ۰ķ
ǣͨ鱦̽鵽ľ룬øӹ
óͨ鱦йâһһУϣйһ˿Ԫӡ˿ӡͿԿ֮̽ǰĵط׷Ѱټ
׷٣龵
ͨ鱦Ϲâһʱ˳ŹԪϢ̽ѰȥԿڱϣâ˸һ治ϳ֡
ھϣˮ㵴
һƬĻھϡ
ڹžϣȻֳһƬԭԭݷ֣ˮҰڿ񱼣Ⱥ׷зӥհ衣һ糤ĺᴩɽԭ޾һۿȥͬеʥأΪķ֮
ھУĸֳľƺŵݵķ㡣
ܿĻҰ档
ʳ޳կʿƴɱзĻ棬Ҳܿ͵ķݴӿɱ¡
ֻ棬˿侳ĸо
⣬ʵĻ档Ҳڷ顣
ңͨ鱦ϳֳģǹ֮ǰ߹ĵطȻӰȴܿǰķ򣬺ȻӥƽԭҲӥͥڵλãһ·ǰͣ٣Ǵһ
գͨ鱦ϵĻһƬԨϡ
ԨһۿȥƺޱȣһƬڣȫ߼ʣ棬·ֲ̺Ĵڣһۣ˲һ˿ԵĿ־塣
ʲôطĪǽƬԨ
вɵ΢΢üյﲻܽԨӦǰӥƽԭŶԣΣԨǵӥƽԭǰһ
ƺǰ;УԨʱ⡣
ڱȣ⴦ԨӦòô򵥡
аԳڿûǰӥͥʵҲɵһͥǾ鷳ˣԨȻҲʲôõط˵һֲ
ҵҪԨжֲ
Цһһ֣ͨ鱦ǰ̤ȥһ̤ϵľۿɼٶȷˣգۼ䣬Ѿһ·ɽڽ£ϢСǧﻯΪ֮䡣
ϡسɴ磡
ӵϣͨȻȻĿƿأܶ෨ûسɴ·һֱܡֻҪһ䣬ȻȻĿԽƬ룬ң߼䣬һ˿̻֮
˳ͨ鱦ʾ·ߣһ·ǰУ֪ȥãٴͣסʱѾһƬ޴Ԩǰ
ԨУһƬڡ
ͺǴϣͻȻѿһ޴ѷ죬ԨУȫܸܵһаϢתħ
ħгŻ񣬻ҵϢԼ䣬ƺܸоԨ£һ̫ŰĲãϢʱϯءһ־־УſµĻϢ·ʱҪһʮְԵ¡ֲ
ܸܿвľȫȫǴݲûκܹ
𣡣
ԨУƺһµ˻
λֵܣ뿪ԨܿӵпֲħͷħϮвʱðµὫɽȥһԨûܹųѾһƬ
վԨߣ۴ʱһӺ
תȥ
ȻһƤһڸͷ׵ĿԷǰԷȫܸܵһֱըԵеĸͷɢ˵ķâУȫܹĸܵ
ֺϣܸܵһ⡣
λԷֵܣԨʲôʲô֮
Цѯʵ
ȻѾҪǰԨڽȥ֮ǰ˽һЩйԨȻٺòҲһ֪
ʲô˭ֻ֪ںϺʱԨѾڣֻ֪пµħͷԨгңԨģܶˣ׹ԨȾ󲡣һ⡣
Է˵УԨ˵Ǽɵ֣׼䲻ҿ
ڣҲվԶԶأбҪһ῿ġ
˵Ԩдһħħܹһǲģûܹ֤ʵֻҪͶˡ
Է˵
ħѵԨû̽
΢΢ü˵
ǽ˵ǰǿߣɽ̤Ԩǣڽȥ󣬼ʮ˾Ҳûлųֻڵʱҵ˻
Է˵
˵ţĿֻһǾǴмԨͷ⴦Ԩ˵ӥϵΪԨ
ţ̤ȥľֻ
лѣԨһķȥɡ
ЦŶԷ˵
ΪʲôҪȥ֮ǰиŮӿԨԨеĹȥڶûг֣϶ҲˡҪǽȥԺҲ档
Էüͷ˵
㿴ŮӿԨԨ¡
оһԥѯʵ
һȷ֪Ϣˣͨ鱦̽鵽ѶϢûгĽԨС
ڼǰŮӿԨһڵĴָȥֹֻǿһͷǾȲ
Էҡͷ˵
ɫЩ
֣ҵҪԨ֮еʲô
һĨ⡣

䣡
𣡣
¼䣬Ϳһ޴սѾǰǰ棬ͨɢŨҵ֮ϡһ̤վսϡ
ʱһ֮£սѾΪһ⣬Ԩиȥпûио£Ԩ˿ûͣ٣˲ͳ˽ȥ
ôͲȰأһĴжԨ
ԷĿã¶һ˿㶣漴ͽͷһһϺȣԨô꣬ҲҪȥͲţԨ˭ˡ
£Ÿͷǰ̤Ԩ


1242 Է
һԨҪȻһʿԨϿշУٶȲ죬ҲҪȥȻ
̤ھսϣĸоԨдݳǹͼʿҲѿסΣླᱻȥ
ڣսͨڱ챦ټϺ֧֮ţ̫£Ȼڲϵ׹䣬ȴܱһƽ⣬άסٶȣûԵ̫Ǳһ̶ϣܱշе
ǰֵܣȵȰ
аԾ䣬ϸܱ̽ߵĻʱһͷ̧ۿȥһ۾ͿǴƤԷȻһ̤Ԩ
ûгɣһ䣬սƿգԷ׹
սϡ
ѣô̤Ԩˡ֮ǰ˵Ԩһ룬ϡ㣬ֻº뿪пԷ򣬲΢΢ü˵
ԷΪһ㣬֮ǰѾңΪʵ֮ǿѾﵽླ磬ͬʱʵһǿΪֻ²ΪԣѵõǿߡҪȻûΪҲԨ߿ľ
Ȼֻ֪ҪͺáңģǾ͸ĶԷһߡֻû뵽Է
ɲ˭е
Ͼ֪һǰҪֱĴ
֮ǰŮӰûоȵַҪԨ룬ôţЩþôԨҪǲһԺþǸ˾ԨУԶȥ˾ǡ
ԷЦǺǵ˵
Ѻõǣʵմ
аԵͷѯʵ
ԷȤҲԽӵĴ
ۼҪִԨײһξ룬ȻȻĿѯ
㣬ֻǸɽҰԷѡóûῴԨʲô顣ԷڿŸͷ۾ɨӹȥ
ܱߵڵħЩħ̺Ÿֻһ־ھսϣһɫĻȻȻĽڣħҲ޷ϮһСǧΪֵ̣ЩħȻ¡ҪȻħմȾпϮѪȾԪꡣ
㣿СԨֻ²򵥡ħж
ȻԼоƺЩϤҲû̫⣬ΪŲϳԨײ£ħеĶѾʼˡ
ԿһڵĴֺ׵Ĵħ˳㳯žսسһۿȥǴɳȫһȻ鲼صĺɫħƣһԵøӵع죬ֻ䣬ܵħ񷭹
飡
ֳֵḶ́ûвκεĲû˿ĴֶΣǱµİɱ߻Ҫ¡ҲѾսϡ
սϹâ˸糱Ȼڲ𵴣ȴûбֳɳȥʼռڰУ̺ȷʵԵɵ׻ûдսķֻսϵĽ⼱ٿʼ
֮ǰĴֽŮӸȥġǴͻȻ֣ŮҲܻ׹ԨԷ㿴֣Щص˵
ʲôôôԩꡣ
˵
ǰǾһϸȥͷ֣Ǵֺܹ죬ħƣ棬ƺһµĺӰǡ
һĿ࣬壬ޣݡ֯һ޴ĺɫ֡һȥĿģϰɳĴ֣ҪȫɵĻǵҪٵۣңֻǿĲ֣ҪûпĲǲǸ
ֱǺۡ
ЩڶɢħѾԨħȾͨ꣬Ǹӿµħꡣ
΢΢üɢħǵһοӻңӿ񱩣ҲӵĹ죬Ż־
Ȼħ꣬꣬ʲô꣬Уͨͨϡ
зһЦ
ؼ䣬Σգµľ顣˫۾ǧĿǡ
ֻУڰ׹â˸ƺܿһͼת
ۡ

ǰһһ˲䱬ΪһһԾ˵ٶƿգһһھ޴ļ֮еħںڰƿ
ٶȣ쵽˼顣
գۼ䣬Ѿǰһ
꣡
մ
޴ĴһΪ


أ
ڴֱϵ˲䣬ѵĴдһХʮ̶ִͺǹ񺿣ǶѵĴ˲飬ֱӻΪһɲħ꣬ǵصĳžսϯֲ֮ħ
ĺãҵҪħʲôͬ
кη壬Щħٶ࣬Ҳû˱ܵͷһ䣬дڰУɢŨϵƾճ֡
ۣÿһöɢϢ
л꣡
пзһϺȡ磬һħ⣬ȥЩ񱩵ħ꣬ǰȴһѵûУͱס
ЩħɢڵħƺҪȴųð̡ڵħͬѩ̫һɢħ괫ݳĲҽǿʧ
ٳʱѾСռڡ
꣡
һռ䣬ħͱȡѹͼϣͼͬһŴĥ㣬ת䣬ÿתһΣħ귢һĲҽһ˿˿ԴᣬȡͼУһͼһֻΪ֮ռС
ħɢħͼѹ³ĥ𡣶ңħ̺Ļң־ƺ״۳ıԴͼг
󲹣ħꡣ걾ԴҵԪм档
иħḶ́ɰԴϲ
Щħ̺걾Դ֮ʮŨǼΪǿ
ѹл꣡
κγɣһ䣬ٴγ֣һΣͬʱΪһööɢ⣬ٳħϯȥϵıСħֱסţʹħʧ
һħ걻ϵͽռ䡣
ͼת
ԴԴϵ֮걾ԴۣƿȼͨԴȥЩͨԴڿϡ
ȻѹЩħꡣʲôͨ
ԷĿãҲЩĿɿڴ


1243 һͨ 
һѾô׶ԸûңأһմȾûкôѪܵġοЩͨ꣬ħ꣬һ˵ϣʿᱻħʴǱħᣬħΪħͷ
ԨħУЩħ͸ӵѲͼʿֻ˲ͻᱻûླҲҪ˱ᡣ
ȴѹ
Щħ겻赲ھս֮⣬ңѹǿߣ֪ʲôطȻѹͲٻų֡
עģе˫۾
ڰתڽ벻עⶼѡ
ͫ
ͫͨ
ͫͨǸͨУΪһ֣ңҲǼǿӵиָǧٹֵһӳ˷ʤ
ոĿãڰ׼ֱӻΪڰֶ˲ϣѹħꡣͫͨЩħĿǡ
ҿ
ħֱ̫࣬飬ʤȫս⣬սײڻϣҪƿҲɣץͷħնȥһɫƥ˺ѿռ䣬⸫̺ķ֮п񱩵
֮ħ׷ױ롣Եĸħ˺飬ڸ£Ϊɻҡ
ȻĸͷЩħ껹ž޴ɱ
ԣѣҪøͷЩħ໥ɡɱһʣµĻǿ󡣡ȴûиоֹۣЩء
ܵı仯۾
ħ˲䣬ͿЩħ겢ɢǻΪһƸӹĺɫħħõħڣЩħҲ˲ϢЩħ໥ɣøǿ󣬶ңɣȻǺġ
ٶȼ졣
Ǽɱȥħ໥ɣں֮£ԽԽǿʱ˵Ūһֻ˼Ĺħͷ
໥ںϡ
㿴¶֮ɫȥҪնɱڰЩħ۳ǿߣɣԼִһС
ɵĺ̫¡
赣ǣֻҪЩħ곹ɣκ¶⣬ȻȻԳ׽ħͽҡ
к˵
ÿʮһöһ𣬾߰ٶʮöÿһѹ£ѹ߰ٶħꡣռУ⣬ԴԴϵͬʱҲɢһ⣬ת
һɹԴԴϵ뵽С
֮һɬĵϣڴ˿̣ɼټбǿԣӵеǿ֮ܡ
еıԴۿɼٶ
ϣڲ
һߵ£ʵ򣬾͸ؼoûʲô𡣾ͬѩŮһԷΪ塣ʵҲһ֤֮·
˵Ͼʿ㲻ͻƣһרһͨĻ£Ǿ֮ԣֳʵǿΨһ׼
кֱܶרϣԴʿ֮Ϊһͨ졣һͨԺأҡ֮淥ླԪ񾳣¡
񣬺ȻԿռСһõķƾ֣ռУء·֧ռ䡣
ͼͼתһɹԴԴϵĴ÷СڣȻԿһ߰㴩󣬷ļʱĻΪϷıƿź⣬ҫķ
ǰûгֳֻǣԴ۵һ̶ȣֳ
ͼħ£ܿںڰɫķۿɼٶһб
˵ԣһõͶӰ
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ԿЩĲϱã˳׳жԾ
ﵽĳɡ
ܿռеķѾʮ֮ĵĲ֣ǡʲôţﵽĳɣĳɣླεʿ
Ҳ˵̺ķ֮Դ߶ͨӳɱླʿǿսǲΪʵӲҪ˵ͨԽ׶սնɱԪǿ߶ڻ¡
ܿϵķڲңķģ֮ǰҪ£ӵÿһĵǶԷĸ
ⷨȻãأȻȻγһѹ
ѹϵ£ԽϾԽǿԽ棬ѹԽСҲ˵һʼķ۳ģҪ̫¸ֻǻͿԣԽϣҪĵϷҪǿ󣬷򣬸ϣֱӾͻѹ³ױ
ԣܶʱΪԽߣҪԽѡˣҪǿԵ
Щںӵĸ£ʿ֪Ҫɼ򵥶ٱ
һĸϵȻ⻹ȲԴ֮ܿһ֮ϣһ𣬲
һģڣԴһǷɱ֮
ãϻҪһʱ䣬ħ꣬ԴĻȴֱӡ
аԳٶȣﵽɣҲҪ˶೤ʱ䣬Щħ꣬Խʡ´ʱ䡣

һħ걻ѹħʵ̫࣬ѹ£ˡ
ˣûʱǺħɲͨͨΪ
΢ԨԨ˭֪ŶΣգһֱЩħ꽩ȥԲǵѡ
ƿ̣
һ䣬ʱͿǰһڳƿԨУתշתۼ䣬ͳ󷨽⣬˸ܿгɫڽ任ƿλãƾճһУУݳ޷ݵ
һγɣͿϯħꡣͱȡٳƿɽȥ
ƿдݳ̫ǿᡣླ޷ڱƿάסΡ
ңܿǵԽǿƿԽСԷ˵ٶСţһεΰǵСԴԴϵƿСܵԨħƿɡ
գ֮䣬ħ걻ɨһա
вħĿãƺη֮ɫХԨʧ


1244 

пűƿзһȡ
¼䡣ȻԿƿڳɫ⽻任̫תм䣬һųɫ棬ҡһҡͻΪ棬ƿеħ׷׷Ĳҽ
лΪУȫȥоںһ
һĵ£ԪصϣܱߵԨħΪϣٽƿС

䡣
ڱƿںȻݳһ
ǴС̡
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ƿǰƿڹâһһ籦һĵҩС
ϸȥⵤҩɫǳɫͨ嶼ɢһص⣬â˸䣬ճ渡ֳĵơϸȥһϸСĵһʮϲˡ
תϧ㣬ûдﵽת
ƣаϧ۳תѾʮѵõ飬̫תѾΪǿԶתʿ𵽾޴档ǿǡת
ǧ𲻻ıҩ
һΣɴħ꣬ƿöת
ħ꾹Ȼܱɵҩⵤܳ𡣡
Է㿴ЩĿɿڴ૵
֮ǰĿãһƬħ꣬ôƳɵҩҲ̫档ħƶɣܳʾĺܻɡ
תǷãΪɵǿΪˣú󣬿ѸȬָƵԱססһңöѾﵽתЧǿһƿ͸ѷԱʱ֮衣
Цóһֻƿٴװ˼öʮö͵ǰ
Щҩ˵Ǿţһëѣ磬ȴ󣬲ܷκεطԲӡ飬ò
ֵýã£Ķ
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ħ֮ûܵϮսٶȷɿ죬֪УѾԨײ
ͨ
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ͣ
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ķӦ죬˲ϢͻӳͷǸָԥжϣֹɫӡ
ѵ˿УݳӴѪ⣬ڷգۼ䣬ָѾ³˳
ÿµĺˮһξܸʴҪֱӵֻ°ᱻʴͷҶʣ¡ʲôˮôֲ
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ӳڣûпôĺˮ
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ҪǾսûˮĻֻ£һЩˮУսпܱʴǡ
ˮ˵ЩˮȫʬڻγɵʬˮһƬ󺣣ҪγĹģǾҪ͡
̲סһ
һĺ棬˭֪˶顣
޷Ӵ֡
ƬĹģضǲ޷ѹΪ֮ǰЩħ꣬Ӧþԩɡпܣ֣ҲǾţһëɽһǡֻŴֲ
г˵Ժпתͷ
ӴһƬҪûžǴšȣ֮ǰּϺħֱ꣬ǲֵһᣬɽһǶ㲻ϡ
ô죬ҪĻ֮ǰŮӵҪƬУѾ׶༪١üͷ˵
ԪҲһҪͨ߶ѡ˱ܡдֲ
ţܸо֮ûϨ𡣡
ҡҡͷҪǹ䣬һиӦġ
ô죬ôˡü
⺣ϣȫһ޷ҵĿĸо
ҲҾͽƬһˮûˣ˭ҡ
Ц˵
һ䣬йâһѾǰСĳźȥ
һпɢǿܵˮȻȻĳźȥɵٶ֮죬ñĺ棬ӲγһУУÿһתˮֱӱУڻռУڵһʱ䣬ϵıɻ֮
󲹣
۾һˮƷʼߣתɻ֮ıͬߡ
飡
Ȼ򣬾ҪˮʱֻԴ֮УһڵĴ˲˳ĳڱϣԴдݳһ޷ܵΰӲӺгɳȥ϶һѺۡһ̫Ե
ȻѺ˲ʧܸܵԴдݳжǿ
ȻеĿֲڣˮһõĻӦ
ʬ壬öʬ塣
ɫһ䣬ָź˵
ƺǴֽƽһ߾ʬӺð˳ںϡ


1245 ѽ ѽ
Щʬǧٹ֣Բͬ壬дޣݵʬ壬ܶʬϣܿ˿ڣЩ嶼òƣ˰ӣûͷ­ȱֱ۵ģǲʤö٣ȱȽǡЩĿʮֿɲ
µĲЩʬĿЩʬʵ̫ˡൽ˷ָĵزһ߾ߣӺͨɢɫʬħԼ䣬ܿ渡ֳĽ󣬿֪ЩʬѾǿһֲ˼ĵز
һʬֻҪˮУǿ϶ᱻˮһ̯ʬˮʬȴˮƯһ㶼ûбʴڣǺεȿµ顣Щʬ壬Բͨʬ塣
ЩʬѾħˡ
ɫأŸͷЩʬ屾ܵĸоһǿҵвȫԸܵʬɢĿһ˵Ὣǵû
Щʬħʬˮħʬ
˭޷ǵж¡
ֻڳֺĸоܵĿ̣·˫۾ϣЩ۾ޱа񣬷·ʱᱩ𣬷һ
˲Ϣ䣬ѾʬɽѪޱߵ
ЩħʬϢЩħʬѾھսϣϣƺһ̣ҪˮУΪеһ֡
ǧ򣬻ʮ򣬼
壬ȫ޷Щħʬ
ңÿ䣬Ʈʬ廹ࡣ鲼ϣСһ㣬ֻ»ᱻŷ
ðһͷ˵
һһ̤ŸͷͳսһħʬնȥһͷµĹ켣ֱӣȴָһ޷ܵĸо
Ǹоĸͷ棬ħʬһ

ͷնħʬϣϽ˸ƺֱ˺գնһУնħʬϣȴһĻǣֻһ׺ۡȻûƿħʬķ
Ӳô˿ֲ
оӸͷдݳķڶԵЩ顣Ǹһʬ壬ǽղʯ
𣡣
гּ߰㽫һħʬڣһҪħʬȻ򣬹ǣһͺƬһ㣬ʯţ뺣޷ϡ
ɽ
أЩħʬ嶼ȫǽħʬӺˮз룬ҪȻֻºѲ׽
΢΢üû뵽˵ѲҪȡУΪ
ڿЩ뵱ȻˡȻô򵥵ģȻҲһ
ЩħʬƺҲûа취гʼնֻͣںУ޷Ӻˮ롣
ˮһֱͬҲһ
ǺܶħʬѾ¶һ׺ݵĿ飬޼¡Ȼֻˮ˲ͻᱻħʬûɡ
жûаմЩħʬʬʵ̫£̫ǿһͷȥ˿ڶû֪Ƿжǿ
׵ѣڸô죿ܶǺڸӲ̤뺣У̽һ⡣
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Щ񾧹׵ĳ֣ܵħʬüɵѣ׷˱ܣ׿ס
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жһֹŹ֮ɫ
ֻǰ񾧹ڣŵģȻһ߾߲Ƭƣһ˿ҵŮӣѩףӨ񣬰׵ңͷţÿһ罿һ覣ǰĸʣ޳ȣԼתĿ˽֮
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ô˶Ůʬңǲ·ģЩŮʬЩħʬӹ죬û𡣶ң񾧹ƺлħΪŮʬ
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ͨ
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ЩŮʬոշ
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ʬһԣǲġʬҲˣʬǲģڣŮʬȴȻһ൱µ顣
ŮʬҪħˡ
һ˵

һŹֵĽЦͻȻЩзϲѽѽ
ЦϻصУ·ĳԺУֱӽ뵽У˲ӿֳ֮ǰ壬ǰ֣Ժ
ħ̺ȻжɵıӰ죬ֳǽµĲڲԾƶڣؼʱ̣𵴣쳹ǿн־ѣҪȻ񶼻ܵơ
á
ȴûĵ̣ȵлתʱȻ岻֪ʲôʱѾ̤˾սķΧ̤ںϡȴûˮС
һ߾ħʬں۳һʬţһħʬ̤ȥһһڰ񾧹סȵʱѾֱӿס
붼룬һ䣬ѾգҡΣһϯȥҪȻоѹ
ֱӳꡣ
ȻȻ£ȴûǿӶ޷ƽĵز
ãôˣҪˡ
ѹͷĴŽߵİ񾧹ףоһоһ˿ɬ⾧еŮʬйŹ֣Բ࣬Ȼջ󵽾ǰֻ׶༪ٰ
ѽѽ
ǾŮʬͻȻ¶һĨĵЦ⣬׵Ĺ׸ǵƿһֻһ¾ץסֱۣС


1246 ħ
ҪҪ
ڷһҽУҪǾŮʬǰЩͽͣһʯţ뺣κãͱ񾧹С
ॣ
һ£׸£¸һڸǣܿգۼ䣬ͱһ߹󣬾һھӨİ֡һȫڸǡ񾧹׶˽ȥӦʱ䶼˲Ϣ䣬Ѿʧ
ھҲһʧ
Щʲô
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ؼǣ㲻ˣͬһϢûУˮԸ̽飬Ҫ֪׵ǲܵ顣
̫죬ɣֶΣκβƬħʬƣֻҪУǿԿ϶ڵһʱɱһ˿ɶС
ôоһҧڹ꣬޴ľء
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ΣѾ޴֪
ǰǸϾ⣬ΰ졣
ﲻܲңȻͬԨȴʼû䣬ǾζţӦòȫľأɴһֻڻûҵѡ
аԳû˶
壡
ʱͻȻ䣬һԶڶУ쳣
ѵ㡣֮ǰ俴һöԺ˲һͷ֮ǰпһöֻöһֱûΪֻһͨװƷѡڿӦһ
ѣ֣ǰȥһ̽
ʱһ䣬µӰȻȻתۼ䣬ѾվǰһģһӰӷа
ҵȴƬ̣ǰȥһ̽ʲô顣طɵסҡ
а˵
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ˮ˲ȥ硣οʵ֮á
ˢ
¼䣬û˿ԥаѾУĳ֣ܵħʬһȣڿֱУ־͸ӵŨҪֹȴ޷κĶ
аλһ壬һ䣬˴֮ŶֱܹӳԺСԣаڽͬſһС
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һۿȥ׳ִʬ壬һ߾߿вħʬħʬ۾ֳаץ˹ȥҪһצСֻ˲䣬ֱ۹Ĵд˹ȥһ㶼û˺ңаӲħʬڴ
ڴͬʱħʬڵĴħʬߣɽڣΪO
Ļǰϵĳ֡ںܶħʬֻ˱ᣬǲᡣ
ʲô
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ȴȻһ壬ȫܹϸо̺жô¡
֮ǧ֮Щ֣ƺֻʶ趯۾ǱϵģѾ뵽˯УģֻһЩ־ѡ
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аһкܿ£һǣʵԵֵסпɵ˺̫¡
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аûд㾪תǰȥķ׷Ϲȥ֪Уǰľɫٴη仯ȻԿһ޴ĳǳسǰ
ǳؿɲͨĳǳأȫ׹ǣʬ۶ɵľ޴ųǣɢ϶صϢǽϣʬħƺػǰųǡȻûеĻЩʬħֻһȺѣʲô˺
ˣܸܵɢĿ
һΪµħǣһħǡԼ䣬ܿǽУһ߾ʬħ壬ħǵĴСκɳѷɫСӴ
ħĪǾеհءԨĸڡ
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Ǵħдģô˵Ǽڰ񾧹ȫħ֮ڣħУʲôʲôΣȥ˵
аһͷţͻΪһźӰٴ˲ţ뵽ħУһȥҲٴһ
УһָܿʬڣвƲƺܿµĺۼɼ˲¡
ħ֮УһʬɽѪ׹ۡ
ͬЩ׹Уһ߾߲ãЩȫ֮ɫɫãңЩȫڵѪ£ɢϢƺʱһڳߣƺѲӡ
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а૵ЩеļƷոĿǰǾǰϵһ⣬׾پͻᱻɱʮֵĿ¡ÿһʵʬħѷɫӵײаԵڵܸͫܵһɶĮӡ
ãڳһۿȥȫ塣࣬бҪĻȫһ֧ǿӡΪħսķɨһС
⵽ʲôطħǵֻЩ󡣡
ħԽӵĸеһ档
룬ٴγķȥӰдУ£㹻أܿõ̽飬Ͽһ
Ů
̧ۿ򹬵һңȻֳŮ׭ƺ¶һʥϢֻ洫֮а¶һ˿ŹֵЦ⣬ЦЦ
Ӧû£ҹ
ûѡȥſھתȥ


1247 ħ
ǿ飬ȻܷǾͳȥܰɡ
ȥ㣬˵ͻݾߣĿĲϣؼĻҵҵ˵ҲԿֻҪѳֵõҲδһܡܷǾȥȥܡ
ˢ
תȥŮе֮
ħУֹ飬鲼ڸÿһΪΰ˿̲סĵ𺳣Ůħ򶾵ħȵȡ
һۿȥۻңһʱԾ
ܶ๬һۿȥһľĸоȻſµա
ħӦǴ湦伮Ĺرɭϣֵȴߣ˵滹Ĺ伮ħܵõһʴա
аڿħʱܵһ˿ȤͬʱҲôġħڲԶ˳·ǰȥ̽顣
Ƚȥ˵
аԳûԥΪӰ·ħдǣħڵħа˵ˮΣֱҪ̫ɼ򵥡ЩȻ£ħвѲӣȴ޷ټ
Ϣ䣬Ѿħǰ
ϸȥħԿ˵ɭϿɲϣڴſڣɲ򵥣̫ʮеһΪ棬һΪ軡ޡ
ڡɽڱмأòϻһ˫򣬳⬵ëϲˣ˵ͷʼʳһͷ׶ޡ
˵澭ɵ򶷵ֳһҧ˷¶УᲶ׽Ұ͸ҹ¡Ҳֲ⡢ԶӽС˵˳Ϊ档
ȻֻǴ˵ʵϣʵӿ£Ϊ̫ʮ֮һУΪ⣬ΪֲĴ֮һӵлصΰϱײУ͸ӵĿ¡
ͬˡ
ڡ쾭أϻëȮëܳеˣеϻͳҰһβɰ˳ߣưԣܶˡ軡
ħ⣬֪ħȷʵΪҪĽ֮һĴǷյģңܻŸǿĽƣûа취ģǿᱻ赲á
Ѳסа
ħܣ޷赲ĲΪӰõȻȻĴƣϢıܿһ谭뵽ħС
һȥаҲһ˿𺳡
٣
аԷһ
һž޴ڸЩϷһ伮ÿ϶һֻнƹâ˸ĵ伮飬һȥħУǣʤõĲܼͬꡣ
Ȼô伮ֻ֮࣬вʮϰ򲿡Ҫȫǹսͨһõ׻ʳԣһ޷Ĵգõ̴
аԴϲ
Ψһĵľǣĵ伮᲻ֻһЩֵǮĹż
һǰһǰϸȥЩϵĹżĲʶһ㣬ð׹ɵĹ飬Ҳ֪ЩģȻʮ棬·һһɢ⣬ңˮ֣Աݻ٣ڹ伮ıԣޱش塣
֪ʶǱģαȥǲĿ顣Ȼ治ˣֻһƬѡ
ڹ涼ճһһʮ졣
ƣδ̫СˣҪ뿴û˭ֹܹ
а¶һĨаЦ־ôŹץ˹ȥǰĽƣȫûжκʧƸĻһ־ʾãû̫Ĺ˿̣ǰ衣һץԼֱ黯ңץסĹһ黯
˳
ɻǡħһʩչɻǣɱԪܹɻǿΪ磬Ե˽Ӷᣬһʩչ䶼۳ͨǵǿΪϳ˹ꡣ
öȻħڹϣȷʵնһЩаֻõ˲ǹؼֻҪܱǿûʲôǲԵģ⹦ɻǿΪ磬ɵ겻һҪģģҲݵģֻҪõõûʲôá
а˼ڹûʲôɻ䣬ĸĿģΪ˱ǿϣʲôǴҪѣֻҪħǾȫû⡣
ĹǴ׻ʳؾûеĵ伮¼ȥҲŷǷ塣ʮѵõ͡
öӡ˵
а̾һûмۿһ䣬óһֽϵǵȫӡȥҪЩֱӴߣ޷ߣħжصĽƣ뗃軿ɲǳصģҲԲǰ衣
Ǳ뵽ħУԼԣı£ҪóȥǾħ̽飬ĽƣЩ伮ģֻҪ뿪Ǿͻᴥƣսռ䶼УԣΨһģԽЩ伮ȫӡߵĻȷġ
а뵽ð취
ħħ֮߿ħʴ֪꣬ж˲Ӱ죬ֱӴݻ꣬ħܹϢĶƣħ󡣷޷ֵħϳħѧ
ħħ˫޹Ϣ߷֪ܹŮӻΪ¯ȡԪ֮ΪΪԽߣܹҹŮԽ࣬۳ħ֮Խ飬ԽϣѪѶ
Ȼȫħң¼Ʒ׶ȫǸ֮
а̾
ħһۿȥֱ̫ˡ
硶˿ħ׹澭λӰ޼֡ʯٵħ嶾ħһĴĿģЩħʵ̫̣硶ħӤѪپһħҪӤľѪʮֲ̣ɣҪӤֻ²
֪жײС
Ȼֻħ磬쾭콣䡷޽ٽȵȣЩȻħռĶ⹦ܷͬܿǱ֮
ˣиսͨط֮ﶼС
ͫͨС
ȫһ޷ϱ⡣
ӡӡ
ӡ
һ̵а˲Ϣ仯һٳһ伮ԥӡȥĹ伮Ϊղء


1248 ʼħ
Ȼħвֻй伮иħǷ𾭶СЩǾģʵЩģǸֶʿһָԵԾĵķʽ
Ҫ֪Ĵûа취Կ˵Ǽ¼ֽŻƷϵġֻԾĵķʽ¼ʵǶԵĸһЩģʵ򣬾ǶԴĲĵ·ߵĸ˳ǰռ
ʵ빦ȣЩĲĴУֻҪеԣ°빦ãͺñڷţͬʱз𾭣˵ʲôԷ𾭻ʵ򲻹ǻӣյĿĻǼȡеĵԹ⣬Դĸ
С
Щ𾭲ıأֵıء
аЩ⣬׷ڵһʱӡЩشףһ죬ǻѿʵġͬʱҲо޴ĺô
֪УĲؾ׷ױӡ
ֹ伮ϸۿ
֪ȥãħд󲿷ֵ伮ѾȫӡɣһЩûӡħľ伶ž
Ҳؾеľ֡
ڴ飬һ̤ĵ
ڷŵһȫħɵܡĹ伮ȴΪϡ٣ʣЩĲ֡
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׾ͽһС
ѪžһѪoϹžǶѪĸ
аһֻоԼĲһ飬һޱߣ಻ѪӡƺܿһѪѪǿգµѪɫУ𺳡
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Ѫžһгɣ۳ѪӣѪӲݣսҲѪٴһ£Ѫϯأ
һŶ⹦ȻҲµϹžȥʣһȷѪꡣɱѪɺӡ֪ɱ¾ͨ߶³ᡣ
Щħʿ֮͡
붼룬Ѫžӡ漴Ϳһ
龭
һɵħ
ڿĵһۣ˵ʵڣаҲһ˿ȣħоȻҵֶɵʮֺġܷǿ϶ǱѰ
ϸȥҲɰԻȻ
ȴһͨһ幦˵ͬޣһ巨ţ塣Ϊս塣Ծǣ֮ϴһɳþ˵ǿᣬң֮ƮȻɣս֮ǿκսѷɫн֮֮ӳǿս
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ﵽ£޲ѷɫ
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аϲӡ
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ڼӡʱͻȻ䣬аĿһϣ֣ܺĶиַ񣬿ûУֻһһ顣
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һ߹ȥǹž޻ƺһͨĹ顣Ȼϸȥʱͻ֣ᷢڹϣÿһħƣÿһ·̺ͬޱħ
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ɲǼ䣬аһĨа⣬ͻȻɢٴۡ
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ϰ򲿾ĵ伮ȫӡɺаٴɨһħûжԴκζٶһ䣬תٴϢȥ
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ڹĸӦڽħǺʧˣȫʧѾ޷ٽȷľλãֻȷħǵСҪϸ̽С
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֪Уһǰ
˵ħпΪΰͬɢһεѹƺһ־֮ڡ
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Ӧԡ
ûнħʹڡ
һ䣬ΪӰǱ빬֮ڡ
һȥʱеľΪ֮һ
ʲô
ڣȻһ޴ѪأѪУܿһѪɫ֪ʱѾʢʮֵѤ˵һۿ̲סǿҵ
Ѫ룬һӾ޴ѪţѪɫУԿһ̨ҫѪ⣬µĲѪѪУȻܿһֻѪɫĴ룬öѪƺ㣬һһɢҵ
ûһΣ·𶯡һɹѪˮӿѪСԴԴϵĻΪ֡Ѫ롣ȻĽ֯صħơ
Ѫ·һħڳ˯
һħ̥
ħ̥ܿ£ĳλħתǶħʥӡѪͨѪһħ壬Ǳ֮󣬿ޡ


1249 ħ
ħʹѪأѪѪħ̥һħ
ͨѾΣвɵһħ̥Уôһ֮ǰʼħħϣִħϢһ۾ܿһħ
пûȥħ̥뷨
ֻѪУΧħ̥תһķ֣ת̺žΰɢһܸһǿѹ˵ֻǰҪѷɫ࣬棬·̺ط򣬴֮
ƷϵĲ졣
ʣħħ̥鱦Ǳʱ򣬲˭ֻҪҶħ̥κβͷἤ鱦ǿҷ
ǸѣһˣͻԹĺ
ħ̥ãңһ˿ⶼй¶ҪȻӲħ̥ĸӦаɣпħ̥ѾĴڡħܣԲǳԤϵġ
Ѫظܿصħģƺĳصƽƣĳתֻصɡڲϵɢâ𲻶ʮ졣
ܶﲻ
аһۣɨܣвû̫׾ܿеΣֻħ̥û˴ڣȻ
ȻˣǾ͸ûбҪôһֲħ֦⡣
һѪеħ̥˳
ħ
뿪ħʹԱɨӹȥȻԿһͬʮΰĹһħʹȻħ
ħʣħ
ߵĹϵȻ׼
айâһת漴ͳħȥ
ٴƾ츳ǱȥС
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ϸȥȻԿˮУȻһӰ
һһۿȥޱȾ޵Ůӣһɫװϴһ˿ȴɢӡ̵Ķؼ䡣ֱУǡ
һŮӡ
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ǻģġ
ܿؿ΢΢ȻƵʺȷʵⲻʬ壬ŵǲмٵġ
ˮϺȻżʫġ
ϣϡŻ
׺ףԹ˵ὦá
һúȻͰڷУࡣ
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ֻһУͬһɫŮңɫҲ֮ǰ֮£ʶأһŮ
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аԲ²⣬Щħпħ֮ĲѼħȫпֻܾħ̥ĴڣΪ׼ģҪȻЩУңʩչһֶصͨطȫ뵽ĳ˯С
ЩˮŶصħеƣ֮ޱħڳ˯УȻȻǿʵڲ֪£ͻƣһѣֻҪʱ乻ã˵һѾһ𶥼Ĵͨߡ
һ㣬ȫǺɵġ
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ӵзǷԡ
˵пֱӾ鱦鱦ס
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ûܵ˺ܿڵʢûκ˿ڣҲ㲻ʡ
Բνѵ⣬Ƚȫȥ⡣
ڣ֮ǰѾ׼һ䣬һڶͬӰ㽫ˮɽȥ˲ʧţ뿪ŷ֮ǰ̽¥ͬڽȥ󣬵һʱףٶȷĳħ洩ȥ
ɲΪףŮӵ£ħǻһ֪Ȼᷢ𾯱

ħϿգ񺿰Ҳһ̣׽ħǴӳ˯оѹÿٳ˷ɢĶܽѲ顣ͬʱýħУȻѾħвʣ⡣
аӰдգۼѾ֮ǰڵŮСȥ󣬺ԥ־ͽǿװİ񾧹ȡȥǿߡ
һ̣ԸӾ˵ٶȳħǡ
գۼ䣬Ѿصϣ»صӰ֮С
ҵˡߣ
ͬħ˽һ᲻Ѿҵ˿̣ħ֮ѾױûмħǶԿĴ㣬ħ̺̫£̫죬˭֪λǳʲôĿֲ
붼룬һ䣬սǰƾճһռš
ţսռС
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̤ռŵһ˲䣬Ȼը˳һڵĴַ·˷ſռžصĳȥ
Щǰط򣬶·𳹵ױ̣ȫûа취תϢϯء


1250 ѩ
һسڿռϣƺҪռų׳Ƭ׻ΪСϧռһûжκӰ졣˿ռţѾʼռӵкΪ̺ܣÿռűø졣
ܶɣƺѾʧ
̤ռţǴⲿݻ٣ǴݻٵҲֻһͶӰѣͶӰǱݻˣҲûκӰ죬Ͳܱϣ֮ڣͬˡ±赲
ħŹġ
һХԨлص
޴︡棬ڵķ·һɫڲתΧһй߶Ҫɽȥħ˸
ҵš
ƽ˵
ȻĿùеħǣħ̥ۿȻ⴦̺жô£һħʬ߳ȥµľκˣʮֿ¡ӲҪ˵жôӴ־˰
ˢ
âһھԨԶһɽϣһռ˲򿪣ҲȻĴ˳
飡
һ֣һڰ񾧹Ѿڵϡ
ھУܿһҺɫ֣ƺϢڻص
һĻҲ΢΢鴤
ǰİ񾧹ס
飡
׸ǵƿƿ󣬶ʱͿһӾг˳ܿⱾߴһ󺺣ڴ˿̣Ȼɫ԰ףڵϣȶڲϵĲ
գգҪˣŮ̫ˡ
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ѣҿ㻹ǿսһȡŮˡǸáЦ˵ǾеŮʬҲûʲôˣȻ࣬һһ֡
飬ֻҪڶƤϣǾûʲôԿԣһܡ
ˣҪŮƤˡǴԨг𡣡ɨܣѾ֣ѾԨУѾ뿪Ƭ
Ҳɰһ˵ʵڣεĽ֮У۽󿪵ͬʱҲ¸̵ӡ
Ůʬô졣
㿴񾧹ףԵʮָӣɵӣ񾧹ױԨħ򣬺ʣѾΪеķ²ܴҲζţ㹻ֶܹѹ߾еŮʬһ뵽Ůʬп䣬вԾһ˿Ī
Եʮָӡ
вûֱӻشֻζĿһּۣ䣬Ƚǰ񾧹Ȼŵ뿪˵ѣһ𡣡
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Ԩ˴ıʣ˵ʲôʱͻܳʲô˼Ŀ¹ɱʲôģǲܼȥˣ񣬿Ĵȣôܲסοǣҡ
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һ䣬ͬʱ̤˽ȥԨԵʧ
ʱѾھԨ֮⡣һ˵ɽ֮ڡ
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ףŮôװڹײ档
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ˮȷʵ죬뿪ԨܹϵԪеȻȻתϻ۷˯Уܹӿط򡣵жջ²ӣϱǿΪ˯Ϊ
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ѩ
¶һĨŹ֮ɫϣҲû˭ˡ
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֪׹ܷĳ˵һ˵Ԩµħǵô£Լħڵʬħãħʹеħ̥˭ħ˭ħ
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֮ԽѩһͬҪϸ˽Ƭħ뷨ʵǣħǴв̫޴
Ҫ֪ħǵ顣Ϊһ˵𡣡
ѩЦŰһۣ˵
ɲ˵۾ƽ˵Ӧ֪ħдߣħħ͵ңҪɱ㣬¡Уͷʹ֣񲢷
˵֮ǰǶħʮţΪұȻħ֣֮Ȼˣǰ˵һ˵Σÿһħǵĵʵ
ֱӷ˰ѩһ䡣
ҲħһССŮѣʲôܹ֪ħǵ顣ҪвҲв˶󡣡ѩЦ˵ЩҲ޷֪ħʲôľ
ƺв˵һ˵ħǵ顣
Ŷϴ
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ħʲôҲ֪Դʶħ֮ڣŮоŴŮڵ󣬱ܵľ֪ħһñѵΰˡ
ħ֮ʲô֡
ѯʵ
ǳ֮ΪħʲôǿɲҴ
ѩ˵


1251 ˯ħ
˵ħʱܿдһǿҳݣ־ηַеľ˭޷ĥģѾ뵽꣬λħġ
ħеħЩµģΪħת׼ĺֻҪתЩħΪħħ˵ĳҡ
ħоſˮףǴ˵е鱦ӵޱֻҪɽȥͻ뵽ĳ˯УܹӵǿΪЧһ鱦˯ױ׺㶨˯ħ䣬ֻҪɽȥһĳ˯ħ䣬һʼãǲ뿪ǲ뿪ף˯ֱԶˮ׵ÿһɽȥŮӣǹɫ㣬ǡӵгľˡ
ԣλħħеĽɡǵõħԹĿħʵ߹һȦûбѪɣǾʹħ⣬նħҪλħħӦúûܹۿԼŮ˱ץ߶޶ԡ
ϣħӡǣӵĺǣһܱܿħĸӦʱȻѲ³
ѩޱƶ˵
ħתУ޷ԳֵĻֻԨѵĳͻᱻһָͷ
һ㣬ȫԺɡ
ôҪնɱҲҪܴԨ߳˵οʱĿô˭ʤ˭ûе˭Ŀ϶
вûΪвʲô仯
Щ͵ħʱѾעĽȻעȻ׼ûʲôˣ󻹲Ǳˮڶѡ
ͷȻֱˡ
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ƽ˯ħ䡣
ٴѯʵ
ⲻܣ˯ħֻҪħ˲֪֮⣬˭ƽ⡣١㲻С
ѩЦ˵
ôǾĿԴ
пڵףһͬʱִףǰâһȻԿһıϡ
а
ϣһƬƬҶ΢΢漴ȻȻķ۳
ʲô챦йŹ֡
ѩϵı鲻ɳһ˿ĸоԼоȻԾһҪеͷ
ͷͲӦó֣ȴƫƫ֣ϢҪʵǿ󣬶ң־ΪᶨĻֻ²֪ͻܵӰ죬ǱȻ
ϴаѹħ

һ䣬Ҷ𶯷ٶƵʸ졣ȻȻɢöȵȣһγһּΪصңֱ飬꣬һϴӴеһ̣ȫʧ
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ԡ£ԿϣԾĸֳһ˿֮ɫƺڤڤ˸ơڳ˯Ҳ

Ⲣ꣬ڵľӸųаԣҡ£ȻȻķֱӴ͸壬֮ڡǿľ֮Ҫ˯꾪ѡ
һһǰԵֲľ֮
߽һ𣬶ʱķӦ
߾ͺǱһײκ˵һʮֿµĳܿǰһ뻹ɳһɫ䣬·ج֮䲻Ͻ档
챦ȻҪֽȻ෴Ƴ˯ħ䡣
ѩ΢΢üܲܳɹ֪ȻЧģֳҲԳȫЧ
ΨһȷǣܲܽѣƳ˯ħĽ
κνûġûֻΪûҵû뵽ƽİ취аЦ
λõֱξ
˯ǾΡ
ȻΣͲ޽⡣
аԷһϺ£ȻԿһֻһֻɫĺ۶ɣѤʣޱȡһۿȥҪ׳еĸо
һ֣ȻȻĻųǰ衣
ţͳŹͷȥһ˲䣬ֻѾʧ·һ̣ԺС
ͬʱа뾪ڲ𶯣ϳꡣ
ѵܹɹ
ѩɫϱãеƶʼòȷ
Щûҵһ㣬֪ȻҲûвĽƣҲûо޵еͨһж
ܳɹǾǲ˵Ĵ¡
ħԣˡ
Ҫˣħѡħֻ¾ҪΣˡ
ţ۾ȴĿתĶڹϣƺҲҪڵһʱõĽյһС
ʱȻš
Ҳû˵ͬڵȴյĽ
һ̣û˭ʱȥá֪ںʱͻȻ䣬ֻڵλõͻȻһγˣƺųΧ衣
ʧô
ѩһаһЦ˵Ҫƽ˯ħô׵顣㻹ĺˡħֶΣƽġ
ոµ˲䣬ȻԿĽë΢΢˲ţƤ΢΢¶һ˫峺һ
ѣˡ
¶һĨЦݣ˵
ǡ׵ѡĪǣһΡ
￴еҲ¶һĨ㶣漴Ͳ
ȻΪԼУҪȻôһ۾ľС
ѿ˯˲̵ʱ䣬Ҫѣ治ס
Ц˵
Σ׵ѣȻӥˡʲôʱ򣬲ԣǴǰӥͥѰһᣬɱӥ·ԨʱͻȻԨеħԨһѹ˯ˣ˯˶ã㽫Ҿȳô
Ȼǿޱȡ
˲ϢһŽѾָ糣Ժп֮ǰ飬ʱѾ²⵽һЩΡ
ͬеһɲǣУһ¾ͷ·һϣ֮⡣ָоĳױȡ
û뵽ǾȻٴ
ֱһ㡣
֮ԼĳܲɡЦ˵

ϲһĨɺ죬Լûǡ
ܣ˯ħ㾹ȻĿԴơô
ѩȴȫһֲŵɫȫ޷ܣǳ˯ħ䣬Ǵܶδܹƽ⣬ھԼǰƽˡ


1252 Ѿ Ů
񲢲ӣʵ򣬻һ˾Բ
аܹϴ飬ֱӳ꣬λõֱӽ뵽ξУξжԱ߽˳ƽ˳ҪȻ˯ħ䣬׾ͱơ
챦Ҳ˭ʸҵġ
Ȼһ̣ˡ
˰ѩĿиܳɹ顣
ֳȻǿҡ
˵ϴûв顣ֻܲҲȥȥгɹĿܣȥ룬ɲܳɹڣȻҳɹˣҲζţ˯ħ䲢ǲɽ⣬еħҲ޵С
ƽ˵
ɫһĨŨŨƶ
ںϣʮ겻ѾߵĵزϣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬δؾͲ׷Щǿߣ۷塣Ϊǿߡ
ܾħΣħħŹġ
ѩҡҡͷ˵ٴѡ
ǹغ⣬ٶΪŮ˶
Ǻǣ
ƽЦЦ
ˣȻؽ۳ǣȻٽʣµλħѣڴɱӥѾҪǰҪ˶ãӥҲײڡˣһжźת
дŨŨš
ӥͥĲ֣ڽܹĵĽšﻹҪǰȥɱִɱ飬ʮˣȻȫҪˡ
ãҶġ
￴еĿԵüΪͣһ㶼ûз֮ǰɱǰᣬӦӥͥţΪϰյİΣòľиõѡΪʲôҪֲ֣ǵѡȻȥ
ѩ㻹ǹԹɽȥҪȻɱֱʶ㲻
ٴοѩѩһʵѾﵽԪ񾳲ΣȴûдﵽߣҲûнֻصĵز򣬲ӡ뿪Ԩ֮ǰԼʱͿ϶
ɣ۸
ѩ¶ίı飬һ
ƺ
㻹Ȼص񾧹˵
ɫЩӣ˵
Ů˶ԼеһǺģͬ˶ԼеĵһŮͬҲǺǵġûп飬ЩǲΪһ̸ġܺʱΡ
ɡ
ѩĺ
ˣѩ㲻̬ڱ˵ûõġЦ˵
ߣ
ѩзһߣžתɽ񾧹УϹâһͻȻշ˲ϢҪƿնȥ
ߣ̫ˡ
п⣬Ҫ־ܵľٶǲŽ⣬Ҫӣ־һĳ纣һöӡȻ֡ճױܿɫ
ͨӡ
ռ䱻ѹֲճ׷
ͬʱռƾճǿڰ񾧹ǰйâһȻȻľͽɽȥУڿռ䣬ͨı죬ҪԹԱѹ
ҪԲܡ
ѣŮԵѵҪӵУʲô£ѩħǣ죬ңҲĿã佫˼ϣ֡
ζĿһ㣬˵ȻϾողĽҪͻԺˣǺġȻǣȻҲԸ񣬲Ÿ͡
֮ǰ֮
¶һ˿Ц
仰̲ס΢΢㶣̧ۿգоͷƺһȺѻڷɹ
ѩȻܹ֮ܡֱû˭ˡ
ˣѣһȻؽ۳ǣҴ׻ʳӥϵĸ֮ءûʲôطȫ
ҡҡͷԺеͷǿѹȥô˵һǿߣȻҪ׻ʳ֮ڡ
ռٴδ򿪡
Źһ̤˽ȥ㿴Ҳûԥһҧ̤˽ȥ
۳С
뿪ʱ䲢ȻҲû˭뿪
йâһ漴Ѿų֡
飡
ţҲڷǰ
ѣȽλӳ˯ħлѣ̸ӥͥ顣
Ц˵ŮӼҲһ¡Ȼ˵ͬʱҲϣܴǿеõһЩħǵѶϢ
ԺֱӽУȻҵ֣һ㶼ҵҲй񡣲⻹ǳƺ
￴УͻȻ˵
ҲŤԸЩˣǾ̹Ȼܡ

ڿо׽˼飬Ц˵ԺͽС
£ٴδһס
аӣͬʱ֣ɢһ⣬ͬʱλõҲ裬ڣ뵽޾ξнǣǴӳ˯
Ȼûκ⡣
ʱͿλõֱŮ˳
֪ǶʲôˣǱץ䵱ħħ϶вͬѰ֮ͨŮӡдһ˿˵
ŵŮӣÿһвѷɫòؼľŮ

ʱֻаһУɫװŮӻУܿƺֳһĨɻ븴֮ɫ
һʱͿǵӰ
˭ѵħ
ŮӻУѯʵУһֶصɣ󣬲Ծ飬ʮöӡ벻̶ѡ
ǣѾԨҲħǣѾþˣˡ
Ц˵
òǰһһ˿ޡ
ĲԨħ֮С
ŮҲ¶֮ɫһ˫ĿЩ㶣ȻʵЩӦҲͨŮӣܸܵӵŲΪ
վӯӯһͼлҳħȻԺȻ޷ħƿأΪ
ͣӵݣ㣬Ѿ
һĨɫ
Ѿıͽͣټ˾ݣҪٲ²ⲻǾ˵ȥˡҲһ˿ڻʷϣѾ֣˲֪˲е㣬˵ľѾڿһ㶼ûпš
գҲյ䡣
ԭ
УҲһĨȻԸ̾
Ҳѹ˵ͷ
˭
ʱһУȻԿŵŮѾѣվУһ˿ѯʵ


1253 ӥĵ
ѵٶȲո˵ģӦѾȫȻˣǾûбҪټ˵һ飬ôץģڶѾָɡװѱħƵݡ֪Ƕħħж˽⡣֪顣
пһǰŮӡ
ò˵ʥķ·һŮ˲κ¡
ԣ˵˵˭ʲô
￴Ůӣѯʵ
ŮϵϢѾͬƺѪ϶мĲͬ
壬ǧ𣡣
Ů΢տ³һ
ʲô塣
΢΢ü
˵Ҳ֪ؼ伫Ϊǿһ塣ഫ屾ҲѪȷʵͨѪΪ죬ԣ塣ഫĹͬŵ㣬ʤ
ǿ츳һӵУټĴ弸ţÿһܳΪһľšڸֹͨżǿͬʱھǿѪ츳ֻҪﵽһ̶ȣܹоĳ츳ͨ
ƺǵõصĶ͡
ھʲô츳ͨʲôпܣǧٹ֣пʮǿҲпʮּߣΣȫĵ̡
ɷϣǿ֮
ټʵʮ׽뵽һ˺һĶ״̬ȫ׷ϲϣָо֪Ψһһȱݣǣ己Ǻǿȫ޷ȣԣ϶ԣʼնûа취׳
УеӢŮڸжġ
ǿߣ˿ڻ޷󲿷ȣǿϣͲκѷɫȻӵżߵĵλ
壬ΪϣطǱѰ
ζĿһ۹ǧаȻòϣܿԲͨˡ
Ҳ֮ǰʲôݣܼ棬ǾԵ֣ҪȥھͿ뿪ǲȥҲڽ۳жһ󣬶ѣҴ׻ʳӭڵˣҴ׻ʳҲη塣
м˵
ûݶʲôı䣬ʼһһͬʡ
ǷǵģȻֵ
Ǿʹˡ
ǧûоܾƺûдֱ뿪
ֿʼ˵ħе顣
Ѿ˵¶֮ɫڵԨ󣬱ץħǵģʱһһѪɫһ飬ȻħԺһƪͽףһֱ˯ֱոձѣħе飬Ǻ
ʵҲϾħе飬ױ֪ҪȻʲôܿԡ
õħڹ
Ҳ¶һ˿ȣѯʵ
һŲ֪ʲôΪŮྭ֮ǰг˯ڲתŹΪֹѾ죬Ź춨и
Ѿ˵
׵ú棬ֱ˯вϱǿеƿױƣһ·ͻͽٶ벻춼ѡ
Ůྭ
аԳԺпϸ룬Ź֮ǰħУȻûпƺħУȻܻûκӡ󣬼ȻǾ˵ħص伮ңܹѾǾͿ϶ͨĹžħҪӵĹ
û޶Ҳû̫а֣֮Ψһ֣ܹǱӳ١ǹʹõʼԼ
ҲûѾҪĴ㡣
δЩ̫ѿˡ
һ㣬ȻмȥҪ伮вȱ٣ںһһ
ҲܿѾһΪ磬ȻѾﵽླ
ò壬ˮ׵ǿħֶΣȻ˼飬ʮָ˵á
뿪ңڳΪѾŮžס֮빫ڳιۿ׻ʳɳôġ
۳̶ʱУѾ췭ظı仯
Ѿ뵽Уͬʱдͽ˲ϴӴ׻ʳеĸʩٴҿʼת
ǴɳкܶˣЩֱӾѡڽ۳伮ֵ̡ý۳Ƕ̶ʱھͱޱȣڴСϣȫһʢľ˿Ǻ˶̵ʱڷġ
ڣյ£û뵽֮껹Ŀ˷ľֻһ㣬Ĺ׾Ϳ޿ɹҪִӥǵϵղ֪жٿԴ
һ·һ·еĸпÿʱÿ̶ӡ
еĸд̡
ĿùկаǾסĻ۳ȣֱûκοɱԡһģǰûй
ϣ٣ӥյϣ
ĿⲻоޣҪųԶ۳ǲǸոսɳǶѣҴ׻ʳУκһɳǣԶҪӷǰҲǸոտʼ֮ͬУ˽ֻܱһֻһֻ¾ҪΣˡ
̫ڸڣ콾˽ܣڹͬŬΪ֧һƬءգܹȥܹȥ
·Զ⣬Ὣ¶
Ц˵
ϧЩ˸֮ܳΪˡ˵ӥͥĲգͬˣȴûԡ
뵽ӥ̲ͥס¶ŭ
ӥеĲ𡣵ȻǣһȺָͬ塣ֶ֮ѣϧЩȴûԣɱ˿ԣǾ
һ㣬Ѿԡ
ԣ˵ǲˣûвԣˣǾ壬

ģҴѾӥͥʼֻ֣Ҫɲ֣һ£̾Ϳӥͥױ𡣡ƽ˵
ʱƣԭϵͽԽԽࡣ
ѾǱӥͥУҲѾͽǱЩʱԶ巢һǿߡ
ΨһľһЩ΢ĩϸѡ
ӥ򵥣˵ӥУһ֧ʮص֧ӥֻ̣ǣʼգû˭˵ǵʲôơ
￪˵Լ˽һЩ鱨˵˳
ǿģǹ
ഫȣԭǿ岿ӥͥһҹ֮䣬ǴͱɱһգʬҰѪɺӣôģȴû˭˵
Уڲԭϵӵжǿߣǲӥͥױ𡣡
ⶼǶԸӥͥ谭


1254 
˵ǻ£ܸܲ˵˵µĸִӥʱ̫̣Щ޷˽⡣˵
Ǵ׻ʳΨһĶ̰塣Щֻڱ档
йڣȻһж⣬ԹӥͥԿôľ϶Щ̵⡣
¿˵ɲ⡣ĺڶ࣬һɽ֮ϣΪɽڻɽϽ乬֮ݻ֮ʹҪӥͥ޷֮ȡÿ𲻶ϣоɳ־вʮ֮ڣŹͨڶԣκһͨɳ֣ӵвѷɫϾΪߣͼȱȽǡ
зླεǿߣΪ˵תһΪɲ⡣û֪ʵﵽεȲΣֻ֪ڿ޲ǶԻ
ңڻ£ӵʮΪǸȣ˵ͽʵרΪ·ū֮࣬ҪҹݣԸνǱūҡ
һ뵽Ļ棬ҲӿֳһŭһĻĻʬʲôȫǱūң˸һĨɱһ˿־ڣо£ʬʲô
һȺУ
Ȼֻ飬ȫᣬңеɮڣûôɣȾƳ⣬ٶٲȱһľ޴Ϊûǿֲٶôܹܿøǿ
ҪǴֲ赭ҪȥûȡóɼԼͻȿٶȸӲܱʿ죬ԣ˵իڿЦ٣󲿷ַ
ûиƣʵǿҲˮǴߡ
ңƺĳǿѹˡû೤û˥ܵļ󣬷Խʢ
ഫӥеϵÿ꣬д͵У֮䣬νศɣ໥棬ŲɷָĹ
ӥͥʲôʣǻ¿϶Ӳֱ³Ȼ׼顣
µĻûϢ
һѯʵ
Բ⣬ΨǻԲһԺӵ
أֶڻУҲֻǳƺΪ𡣹мӣƺ֣Ƕһ¡ݴ˵мݵķ񣬾ǻ
￪˵
⵹ҸӸȤˡ
ζЦЦ

죡
Уڼ˻һãҲһͬ˹ǰ棬Ȼͨ鱦˿̣ڱϣ˸ڱãͨڤڤе
ľڲϱáȻһƬúĲԭ
̲纣ޱ޼ʡ˿̣ܿһ䲻ϳǰһһľʵڵġ
ӥԭ
￴һʱͿƬԭ
ӥƻʽʼĿӥͥαġ
Ц˵

ڼ˿׷׼
ڹ̬ȶһ˿񾴣ȻڻûбΪӣǵ۾ῴ빫֮㺡ⲢӰǱֳһ𾴡
ĺ
ûдͬ
£ʱڣӥ֮ͥУҴ׵ͽѾ鲼ԭÿһ֮ڡڲԭ⣬ֱǱѻţѩþţţɾšֻҪһ£ʱԷյĹ
ڼЦ˵
ʱ䣬ÿһ첼ֶڷ仯ơȻҪӥͥȻֻͽһѣ˵ͽ˵ò󣬶ǣսվԾվʤġĴ⣬Ƿʲô飬ڵһʱӦ
Ӧԡ
ͨ鱦УȻԿĴֱǱӥƽԭ֮⣬ֻҪһ£Ϳֱɱԭ
Ȼڲеĺ֡
빫￴һϷ
Ц˵
ѾɣңѾϢĿʼ˵һжг
ͨ鱦УһϸȥȻڻпһԴԴϵĴ˷۶ۼһĿ⣬׷׿ԭϵĸӪڵλáһ˫˫۾֪ѾһѪɫһۿȥĵ׷
Ȼ˶޻ۣƺӥԭĪҪ޳ֻΪʲôʱǳ޳ӥͥô᲻֪Ȼһ׼ûС
һĨɫ漴Ժл֮ǰ˵һ¡
ǰѪơ
ǰѪƣƣȥʱûʲô飬ֻҪ֮ڣõĻϵϢȻȻͻɢãû⣬˵ƣÿЩϲҾƣң޽ơܼ첻ơ
ƽ˵һɢİϢ޷ɢͻܱ޲һѪУеĳޡ
ʱ䣬㹻ܵɾۼ
ЩޣὫӦùѪƵˣ˺Ƭǲݡ
ֻƴɱһ·
Щ޾ۼٶȣӦòܻӥͥĶĿ
˵
Щӥͥ˽̡
жĿΣЩֻǸոտʼۣһﵽһģͻ᳹׷Ϊ޳ϯ£˿赲
Ц˵
ǰѪƵڣʱ㷢֣Ҳ޳ֹ޳ĳ֣ʵȻ
ƣ
Ȼͨ鱦ϿԿڲԭϿգһֻֻľӥչ᰿裬һֻֻĿĿ£ǿһۣоĴʹ
ǺĿеʥ񡪡࣡
࣬ΪԭĿеͼ֮һֱ֮ΪӦ˼ϷɵߺСӥ֮񡱵ĺ塣˵ʮֻӥųһֻࡱ֪⺣ൽж󡣳ԡ
Ȼӹɵġ
ڴ޿ʼ۵ͬʱвź׷׷һХ˲Ƴա
ڲԭϴݵļԶ
ãʥʾд·
죬Ͽ״£׼ս
ʥǲģȻʾǾͿ϶Σ̺ϯ죬Լıȫʰá׼ս
һпƹ⣬𣬿ٳڸԵĸλϡͬʱĳѸ̽ȥκη紵ݶҪǰ㱨
ãöޣôôޡ޳
ϴε޳ѾôΪʲô֡


1255 ӥһ
Ϊԭϵ壬ӥͥûзɹ裬Ȼľ裬˯Ƿߣ־õĵط̵ʱõӦԣ̶ϱ֤İȫ档
ԣڵõʾ֮һ׷׿ʼ
𱻵ѱһööĹϸ߿ա
ʱҹն
ܱҫ硣
һۿȥܣԴԴϵϯһڡУţսܵ޵Ϣ׷ױþЩֱſڵϣ嶼ɪɪɼȫѪеĿ־塣
սʿΣҲڷ
̫ͻȻˣһʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ǰ޳ڳǰĳףΣһ˿Ԥ׶ûУôޱͻĳǰȫκηӦĻᡣ
޳
ڲԭϣ޳ľ
ӥͥó򣬿̼зأǵɹŰȻҲ޵ĳ£ɵ˺̫ˡ
޳սʿȫ׼ս
峤ٷжһ˻ơ
ū콫ЩūЩɶǲĲƸԲǳκˣǿɶǮдԣٹ£ͻǰڶū
в߲Ĺ
ǰ޳ūֵǰ棬ڻң̶ϵı֤սʿİȫȴȫòͬתҪūбЩūѾǲΪҪĲƸܹȡĺöʵ̫ˣѪƣʣݳƷ·ֱҩɶӥͥмΪϡٱʡ
ȻЩūӣ˲ʹﵽ£ڲսʿİȫ֮ϡ
ЩսʿҪȱסūİȫ
ЩūȥȡԴǸ˭ôǸЩ߲޴棬øǿ󣬺ôǱϲռݴ󲿷֡
һ㣬Թûб
𣡣
Ѿʼһöö޴Ĺҫ£ȻԿܼ޳׻Ϊ޳糱ˮϯǵأ֮Żص档
ɱ
˵սͬҲǳصģӥͥУΪӦǿУ¹һŹսʿŹΪӥ
Ź˵Ǵӻģ󣬴ţӵӥâĿңĿܹõǿ˵ֱϣԽ˵츳׷ӳ硣
ȡǿɱͬҲһΪʺϾнʿĹ
гɣʵǿȻʮֿɹۡ
ӥͥǽӥгɵĸ֣һ齨һ֧ľţΪӥţƽʱפӥ֮ڣǿġԴȹӦӥšټǵʣȻʵͻͽ
ӥͥơ岿һɱﵡ
ԣսʿʿûԴģƾ츳ҲϾ츳ģͻΪͼġླܶಿжС
ÿһĲ죬ô׿Խġ
ӥͥеԴԶԶûд׻ʳḻӴ
ǳԵĵ𡣳ԲֵҩǳԵĵҲСǲࡣ
ԣ󲿷ֻ񺣾ΪϾΪ
һʮǿ໥ϵĻܷӳսܲǿ
䣬ҪϧսҽЩͨͨɱ
ڹ˵սǱģڲԭϵĺ˵ˣҪõĶ޵ļ񲿷֣ƽʱʮܲþͲãÿеսƵġսڣѾûмıҪ
ûˣսиƨá
ಣ
һսʿ¶ķâ·һ˫˫ӥ۰㣬˲һֻֻޣĳϯޱȥÿһս׼ҪһѪⲻںҹš
ɱ޴󣬲ò˵ǵı츳
һʱ䣬ǰޱɱ
ǵصȣЩˣǳˮнѣ۵֡
Щ޳ĹӦ޷赲ǼأҲȻձơ
Ц˵
޳ͬǺǵģһγɹģɵ˺ǻصġ
ЩûƵĻһ޳ƣشǱ׻𡣱޳ݻ٣ʲô˼顣
ǲܵģ޳Ȼ£ӥͥҲǳصģǰӥͥ;޳ܴܽǴݻ١
ҡҡͷ˵
޳ǰɲǳһΣÿһζûжӥͥʲô̫޴ʧ֪Եֵ޳ĵơ
ˢˢˢ
޳ٶȼ죬кսʿҲֻü޳Ѿǰɼ
ӣ
һ峤
ӡ
սʿ׷׷ź
Ȼ䣬ԿЩУȻ޽һУһܵĵϸȥǵƺκһ𡣶Ǵ˵еĻ»
ٷ𣡣
Уһĺ
ϸȥһɮۣһӣһȱŷŷʱԵУһɫķ糱ˮɢǵأٽڣΪһɫķ⻤֡䡣
Ļ棬ӥƽԭϱȱȽǡһɫ糱ˮ֣Ų䡣
Уһֱֻֻײڷ⻤ϣǻ֣м᲻ɴݵǿԣײ棬޴ֱӽǵ޷ƿ⻤֡
˵ĹǱֱӴ͸⣬նɱޡ
Ƿ⣬ǲƵıݡ
ķ⣬ǡ֮ԸΪӲ䡣кеֶΡ
ͫ΢΢һĻȷʵЩ⡣
ȫ޷Ԥϡ
ȻǿҲ޵еġ
ԸΪ֧ŷ⻤ֵĸڣǻᱻĵġһ׺ľǷ⻤ֳʱ
ȫԿ޲ϳǷͨԻֽйϵķۿɼٶȲϰɢ
Ȼ֧Ų˶ãᱻ޹ơ״ݻ١
ƣ
һֻ޴ͷ췢ХͻȻ⻤֣צ˸Ȼһץ˺һѷ죬ţѷУڣܼĽΪ⣬źսʿȥһ˺УսʿʳƬֳһּΪɲĻ档
Ȼѷܿ챻ֲвݸɱ˽ȥ
Ļ棬ڸ
ֲܵģɱ


1256 ע
ҪһԷǲܵģĳЩطʼǴű֮һҵЩͿǿ˺ѷ⻤֣ɱػȦڡʱڱ仯ҪҵͬҪҪʵټϸսʿϻɱ¡Ʒ⻤ֵƵʲߡ
з⻤赲޳вʱ룬ɱͬ׺ޱȣʱޱɱ赲޳ĳȥ޳Ҳᱻȥ
ӥƽԭ޳Ϯ֮¡
ӥͬˡ
ֻгǽػзӣ޳Ȼͣȴ޷˺
ӥذһվڳǽϣܱԴԴϳ⻤֣ǽݣɫѿߣһȺӥͥеسսıʿ
⵽ô£޳ǲŹȥûãôͻȻһΣһΣĻ˵ͻһ׶ûСᵽһ˿Ϣ
ذһ˵
ǰûз飬ڵУѾܶ࣬Ҵģ룬ǵķٶȣʱҲܴﵽľأԣÿ޳϶ͣټ£Ϣֻǣһμʱ̫ˡ
ЩŹ֣޳ȻѾʼˣǾûͣµĿܣΨеסΨһķֻܱˮڡ
һʿҡҡͷ
޳һıԶû֮ءֻеס뵲סֿܡֵסǺȻԶ׼ġʲôıҲȵ޳˵
˵޳ȻͻҪƿӥͥķ⻤ֻ֣»˵㣬Զ̫ˡΨһĵľǣе˻޳֮󣬶ǳû١𹥻
ذ⻺˵
ɲָܻģҪ䲻ݲܻ㹻Ըûз⻤
а˭֪ǷеǱڰСֻܾܵ޳бʵ
̾Ϣ
Щ飬鱨Եȣ˭Ҳûа취Ӧԡһж뵽ͬΨһģֻеȴ
ڽ۳С
ͨ鱦ϲϵһɱĻ档ЩսʿҲʱƣϳ⻤ֳϵıð
Щǻֳ𣬴Ѿսʿ̱ӣɱһսʮֲңֻǣЩɱУƴ׷źսʿ𹥻ڲͽαװɵūȻ޶á
ֻƴ׷Щսʿ𹥻ĿѪ죬ɱǲݡ
ǻ棬ʮֲҡ
ŷ⻤ֲϱȻ޳ѹ룬޳Ҳܶӥͥвڼ˿϶¶ɫ
޳ӥͥһĵӥƻĵһѾ׳ɹĿɡ
Ц˵
ǵĿıûҪƾ޳ӥͥݻٵ˼ǲ룬Ǻ޳ǲܴݻһ˳ģҪȻ˳ҲͳƲ˳ˡ
εĿģΪ˱ȳӥͥĵ̣ܵǵĵ̡񣬷⻤޳г׺ľʱڣʩչ⡣
ͺñһۼأͻȻû˳ǽȻȻ޴ʧ
һ޳ӥͥķ㣬Ѿﵽ£λıȻ֮Ѿס
̲סſھ̾
һְѪƾӥͥһ֮֡ò˵ıʿҪһ䣬ԽƣؼѪɺӣԷô¶֪֪ǶôĿ¡
ⲻǵһѣص㣬ڶ죡
ڼȻһЦ
ող߽ķɱﵡ

˿̣ӥͥϿգ˵ӥϿգһ޴İ֮ϣٲȻԿӰϢڰϣСȴûɢһ˿һϢ·ڵֻǻӰͲһ
⼸ӰҪпĻȻϳ嫺Լӱة̫࣬Ӱң̫Ӱ
գΣĵܻصǣҲ˿ϢֶͨΣͬСɣ٣ͨ鱦Ҳû̽鵽ǵټ
޳Ӧ׻ʳйأֻǣףܹ޳γɣ֮ǰƿ׷ɱҲǸսʿ棬ʲô
ӱգգ۾ԭϵ޳ƽϢ̲סѯʵ
֮ǰѾˣңʱԶеҪ
嫺ͼɢȥȻҪ嫺ڣսϣɱϣʼڻСֻлҵ嫺嫺Ҫġ
嫺ڣ׻ʳǶһģһָǿӵеʵȷʵ൱¡Ȼڴ׵Ĺעûмٹɢͼ󣬶Դ׵ĹעԽӵĽܡ
Ӵһͳޣ׽ΪĴ׻ʳĺٵײǲʼɨܺޣտʼԶ
һɫۿʼ纣С
ڻĵϽɳǣںɳǣΪʼ϶ں½ǲսЩϷţÿ춼µɳǳ֣ÿ춼дƬװͼЩȫ۵׵ġ
һ谭ڴ׵ıǰ߽ͨͨ
ڵӥӥͥϢ䣬Ѿʼ͸ӥͥαװ˹ūȳգٵͽ˳ƽԭϣװǲ׽ǱڸУһĻĻУֻ޳γɵģЩɻ󡣱Ͼǰϵı
ûе֮ǰ˭֪޳ֻһССɵġ
Щùǣȴ嫺۾
ǾƣǰѪƣЩƺȥ󣬻ϲ޵Ϣ޵ĳޣ·ѪеĳޡԣŻ޳ֻЩ˷𹥻ͷ·һ䣬ȻƲϢ̫ãֻҪϼͻȻʧ
Ȼ޺ģ˻һ㣬ʲôûСҲӥͥУû˷ԭ򡣱ϾⲻǶҩ
ԭơһ־ƾȻӥҡ
һĨɫаԻȻ
ò̾Щıʿ̫£֪ʲôʱͻᱻơ
ϸ˼֡
ֻ´׻ʳڶƻϾҪˡӥͥڿǱŴͽˣһӥͥûзӣעҪҡ
ҳ˵
׻ʳǱ̫ٶ̫ˣʵ̣ÿ춼ڱǣôȥԺβ󲻵Ϊĸ󻼡Ĵƣ˵ܵ޴谭
˵
жԴ׻ʳŨŨļɵ


1257 
׻ʳǿֻҪƻһʼȻȻνĴ׻ʳҲҪѹȻѹǳĵ̣ʵܿ̽ġ
嫺ƽ˵Уȴ͸¶һǿţţǷԹѪСױȵġ
ǵļƻĿԳɹôʧܵĻĴֻ»üΪѡ
¶֮ɫ˵
ȻĻû嫺ôƶǿҡ
ȻԳɹֻҪƻʼǾͲ嫺磬кһ𷢶ʱһٵ춨ϰҵ
嫺ƶ˵
ֻҪƻɹʲô׻ʳǰͿ϶ѡ
Ҹ߰˵

ʱȻţ֪УҹѾȥ
ΪɱǺ滹ҪϷ޵͵Ϯøеսʿһ۾ױϣҹȥ̫Ӷ߿ʼʱһаһ񣬶ʼи
ܶսʿֱӿɹŰ¾˯ˡ
˯ȥĲǺܶ࣬ϾʿͨҪǿ̫࣬һ첻˯ֻҪԭԼȥֻ״̬ܵһӰѡ
ڽˣ޳ûҪҵ
֪ͨЩūūȥռ޵ʬкЩʳ̺ḻȥǴ󲹣ʿо޴ĺôɲ˷ˡ
Щ¼֣ȥʬ塣ĺã¸ǼͷҪȻ˭ù
һսʿŭȡ
ūȥʬ塣
һͽ˷׷վһȥ߶ʱٶȲ죬һ໥ĿⲻεĽ
֪У󲿷ͽѾʼֱ𿿽ЩսʿϸȥĻͻ֣ᷢÿһսʿߣһͽˡûз£ı仯
ЩͽˣЩսʿû̫ľ衣
ǴУͲЩūʲôΣľٶЩ׻һ壬Ѫеʵ̫ųˣǽݵǰδظȥá
ԣһоͿǡ
еķҪ߶ѡ
ֻǵһֻȡʵūѡ
֣
ֵǣɱ
ЩûԵһι
ɱѽ
ͬʱͽͬʱһȣйâһһٴصĿռ˳׼ߵĺսʿͻնȥң׼Ŀ꣬ȫҪһУһ
ۣ
һѪţսʿӦͿһԼԴѾշ𣬲Ѫ׸ߡеһУһ̣ȫΪС
ʲô
ôЩūȻұ
ЩūıôܣΪϢȻϾǿߣͼǿߣ壬尡
ãмˣЩūȫǱǲеɱִ̿ͣҪǲ֣Ҫӥ֣ͥ˭˭ǡ
ȺôôǿʵܣЩǶôɻǡҲš
죬ɱЩūȫɱһɱɱɱ
һбʵ̫ˣ쵽˸Ӧ˵һŭ¶ǿҵŭ𣬸󲻵лūȡʵĻȻһ̣ѡ񱩶ңֱ˾֡
ÿһʵȺ徫սʿҪѷɫǸӿ£ǳ֣ǳҪȥһ֣ǾҪΪ˽ֻɱǿҵѪɷ֮˿֪Ǿսʵսһ㶼İ
նͷ­ʱĮȫ֪жɱ¾Ѿϰߡ
ûκεıܻ䡣
ЩսʿķӦν죬һʱ䵶ߵͽ˷𹥻һ¶֮ɫȻȫڵԡ
ϧ֮ǰսһϣǱͽ˳䲻͵Ϯһ˲䣬սʿͱնɱشòеһӼ߳ɡ
ݴͣɱֳһ浹
飡
һǹ
ȻԿͽŷǹһööӵеҪ˲䶴üģԷԴ״򱬵
ǹ£ֱǷǳĺãٿ죬󡣾ڽսУɿԳΪɿĻ飬սʿӦͱǹɱ
Щӵͷ­ЩкٻΪѪᡣ
ǵʲôˡΪʲôҪɱҵĲ䣬ӥͥŹǵģһΪǱġ
峤ŭ𣬱ǿսҪͽ˵ɱ
ֻͽǿ֣߳Χм䣬ٹ£ת۾ͽ峤ɱ
һ䣬
Ļ棬ӥƽԭϣֱǱȱȽǣͬʱ£Ժ˲ɵʵ̫ˣ˲ûзԼеūͻȻ
ң˲չֳǿս
ָоֱֲ̫ˡ
һ䲻ϱѪȾ졣
£ȡõսʵ̫ˡƽԭϣһ䱻ݻ١
ԿӥͥϿգӴĹƺʼ𵴣ƺֵɢļͬʱܿ̾ƺеϵĹâð
ƺУϴԵ쳣Ƿϡ·ܵһֽϢ
ô鲻ȣƺȣƺ𵴣ǽɽڶ˭˭ڶӥͥ֡ıȻı
ذⱾҲǰϢһӦ̲סһѪ

ӥͥڶңޱȾ˵ٶȷԵޱǷϡ˳˳ǿȻ͸ǿһ˳Ҳ٣൱
Ϊ˳֮оͥ˷仯˳ɢǷ·޸ƼһƬ򳹵ʧȥƿأ˵Ѿˡ
Ѫ
һóһֻƷװŴѪѪУ˸Ÿֳһ棬ǺȻӥͥڷľ
ɱ
ڸؼһ˴ĿĵɱͻȻı£ȫûеֿ׷ױ
ūı
ذͫѪ糱Ҫ˶ʳū֮ǰɲƸūȻҶǷ𱩶ңɹˣҪūԸҿ鶹ֱײ
壬ʵӥܱͥߵĲѾûˣ»֧ŵģҲֻǳ⡣ΨһҪģǷǣֻҪסǣӥܹͥȥȥһǱƣ˳Ҳ𡣡
˵


1258 Χ
֪ͨȥӥͥʿսȫӥǣūūɱɱɱͨͨɱ⡣ȻǰЩıƣҪǸѪĴۡ
ذӿֳһĨ
Щūӥͥ˲䱻ӥͥսʿնɱһУЩūġЦǣ֮ǰȻһ㶼ûв
ͽֶθйأͬҲӥͥЩūйأҪǶūۿϼ۵ȤûУôһ˿
ϧΪӶʹĴۡ
ЩūǸɱɱɱ
ͨͨҪ
ȫɱ
ȥʱսʿٴ˷֮ڣͬʱͽαװūٱЩսʿɱһ
ֻɵĻҲ
һܴ󣬶󲿷ūǰ⽼λáûڲУҲ˿̣£ȻһˣСĻңɸ޷˽ǵΣԴԴϵӥͥɱ
ͽ˵ڴǰ
ˣ
ȴԮ
ͽȻɵӣ֪ǰ·Ҫƴϳ塣ǲͣ޴ȳ뱣ס˵ͽˣţɱԻ·硣
뿪̫ԶнʿȫֻͥҪͥƣȻӥͥʼմڡ
ذ⿪˵
Ŀ׹ֻǻڣ֪ͥΪؼģڳͽˣû׷ɱ׷ɱ˵ֻмơ
ϣ㿴Ǵӻɱһūѵġһһס
һսʿǰһǹ˵
ǷǹǰԶп򵥣ͨգҲƾȡΪǿɱʹ÷ӵҲԹעԪ߶۳ԪӵԳôһȺʿϣιӥͥȻ򵥡
ذŷņ̀־ͳһǹһöɫƼ׵һ⣬ʧߡǹķǰȻǲֵһᡣ
Ӱ졣
ȴһ
εĶ־Բ򵥡ҪӥϵӣԲӥͥڶ̶һϵʱ䣬ŪֱĵزҪЩģԸӿԴšߡ
µĻ֣ҪǱݻ٣ǻֲͬôÿ¶´ʵĹѵǻ䡣
һ쿪˵
аµӥͥпͳһˣܿʮָߴͨɢ׺Ϣ׶ߣıͨ䵶һ׹ͨ忴һ޴İ׹ǣֻǣڰ׹棬ӳһĹǴ̣飬һۣܸܵǵĺ⣬µǣЩǴм䣬пյģһУ˲մѪ
һµսɱ
ӥͥУµνս¹սһԱ
ʮǿ
Щӥͥȡ߿νһһپ٣³֣Ҳ
˵
±֣Щ꣬ӥͥ𣬸ṩԸôӦûûлرŶԡҪлر
ҪרǰȥԮӥƽԭ˴ıʣҪǻûвĻǲ⡣ģһģֻºֻҪСĴۡЩѪιġ
ذ˵
ڻǷǰԮһ㣬ûлɹ
λ𣬾ԲԼ⡣
Ǿֻһ취Ǿǵȣȴ˵ĳ֣ȴĵ
ɫص˵
һ̣Ψһ̣Բܳκ⣬ֻҪ˲Ǿһжصء
Կ⣬һӰϳ֣ٳӥǻ۶ÿһܿɢɱ֮ŨŨɷ⻷ơ
һͽ˴˷ǡ
Щͽ˲û׿Ǿۼ֮⣬ƺĬĬĵȴš
֪Уڲӡ
νӥеͽԴﵽǧ
ֱһ޷ľ

۳ǣС
еѾͨͨ鱦ۿеĻ棬Ŀӥͥͽ˱֮£Ѿֱ󲿷ֶֻʣǡңѾʼΧ
ƺһ̣ͻᷢ𹥻Ƿ𹥷֮ս
ˣӥƻڶΪֹѾɣǣͽܹġɾ޴Ǵ׻ʳ˵ʧȫûбҪġ
˵
ÿһͽ˶ڴ׻ʳʵĸ̣ǻдǱھ·ϵߣǴ׻ʳк󱲵ߣȻκһλǱĲƸͽײɣʮ޴顣
Ӻο׻ʳҪȥ䵱ȷڻҵĽɫҪս׵ľŲǰ衣
ڱӥͥǵѾõɡ
ǵΧ
ãǸóˣȥλӥذ⣬ӥͥӦǵˣҴ׻ʳøǿ󡣡
Ц˵
˳֮䣬ıƣյľսУһֹ˳֮սУ̶ȵӶԷˡ
Ϊؼһ㡣
⣬ֻһսиֱȻ֣пǻҲ֡
ڼ˵
ԽԽǲ˿иҪǵҪӵȫ棬ʣǲòǰ⣬صĻ˭жǿǷΪӥͥ׻ʳƴһս漰̫ˡ
޷üνĻͬһǿŵʵ״ﵽʲôΡ
ƽ˵һ벻Ϊ֪ŸҪӥͥ״ݻ٣׻
ӥƻһѾͼذնԾʱ̡
οӥͥҲֻһͥѣ׻ʳȣѷɫһײ㣬˳Ʒв࣬ʵϸˣıԣѾ㹻ӥͥҪΪͥеգﻹҪ˵鷳һ·ƾͿԡ
ڶ񣬸ӵģǻ¡
ţ˵һԾǾ˳֮һײǿһսУյó𰸡
Ѿ׼׵ʱԳ
ڼ˵
Ǿͳ
жȻ˵
һսۿ
ɵ˵
еĽѪ
Ҷ³ƽ˵


1259 
ڸӥҶ³ǾһֱĬĬĹ۲ţ۲ӥΣҲڹۿŴ׻ʳһĲ֣׾ٵľͽһ˳ڶ̶һڳױַΪƸΪֶΣ𺳡
û뿪ƳǣֻҪԴ׻ʳв˵ȴҲпǴ׵ıƣĺ»ʮء
Ҷ³ǰĵһͷ
ִǰνġ
ڣԼѡȷһ֡׻ʳǰǴ۽磬ԭ˳˳֮սһ
ѻţѩþţţɾ´󣬿ٽӥƽԭͽ˿ʼʱǾѾԭʱ׼֡

ʱȻš
֪УѾ硣
ӥͽԽԽ࣬׽ӥΧڣ飬²ţһɢϢҲһ̣óеĺսʿ׷׸оһϢѹԴԴϵѹе̾һƺ׼ƴһ
Ŀ̶塣
û뵽ӥͥȻһȺȵ־أܴ裬ܴ衣
ذ˵üĿ䣬޲ýͽͨͨɱɱѪɺӡ
ɣ
ʱߣͻȻԿһƬ˸һ˻Ϊ̶ѻΣǳӥǶ
ͽתͷȥһ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ǵ׻ʳѻţʮѻԷ󺣡
˵ڹͥʱѻſǴʣչֳΪǿѻžų¹ӢǿӢˬɫ˫
̫ˣֿĿ½ϷɡģѻŵĶ֡
һͽ¶ڴ
в
¹ӢͽУǿĽӢۣĿеŮߣŮͽУӵżߵ
֪˳Ľ
λ˵ѣǵѾɣսǿԲֵġ
һսӢ˲¹ӢվѻϣѾӥͥΧͽˣҲԶԼڼ˵ıԸе壬սǿԲֵġǵս
ֵǣˡ
ѵлۿǴ׵ľųս뿪һսζܴ
ǰսͽҲûʸǰսǿҲֻսԵıԵȵսˣͽǰʰо֣һЩʣ˶ѡֱӹۿĻᣬû˭ԸһѵõľпӰĳɳ·
ԣͽ˿ʼ˿ֻվԶûг뿪
ڵȴš
ѻţ˾޴ĻѻȻ˶࣬齨ɾš
ذһĿһаȻ
ʲôˡ
ذ⻹̲סڳ¹Ӣʣ壬Բ塣
׻ʳѻžų¹Ӣ
¹Ӣ³һ
ӥͥ۵͵񣬾Ȼ˵ը֮ΪζЩˣ
ˣҪ
׻ʳ׻С
ذͫһ඼ɾ壬˲֪׻ʳ˲֪еֵ֣Գ
û뵽ӥͥģȻǴ׻ʳȻвӿֳһ
УȻֻһ棬Ѿܹܵɢƣɵһĸоƽ׵һͷ
׻ʳȻѾ߳½أ㵽㵽½ءֻҪһ㣬ܲ²⵽ڵжǿ
ǲ²⵽Щͽ˶ڴ׻ʳµİգ㲻ϡ
һЩնӵӥͥǿʵֱ˾һʵԵ̵Ĳ࣬ȫûпɱԡ
ʳ֮˴Ĳôͬͬʱڣ׻ôһ㡣Ǳ׻֮Ĳô
ذӿֳһɬ漴¶ᶨ֮ɫҾԲţһеƣû˿ӥͥױ𡣡
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𶯣·ڣڴУȴʼմͬһƵϡָоʮֿ£ͷ·һ߿Ĺĵһûϡ
ԶһƬϯ
ϸȥǺȻһ֧һŰɫս׵ĽʿףֻڵߣߡټϿµսսɸѡ˵ǾѪĺ⻹ǴԶй򵽵ġ
ȻѪھһɱֻ˵Ļܡ
п޻أҺԶѪϴѪսϴѪ׷׵õɱ䣬Ϊֻ֣Ѫ̫Ũ˵ҲǺ⣬ܿŽʿµ࣬Ȼһѩ׵ᡣ
ֻǣԵúСֻǣ࣬ӵԳеһǻûгɳһѪϡ⣬Ҫ̵ʱܳ׳ɳĳ򣬿Էգ硣
ڣЩٶȣ൱ˣȻȻĻһ磬Ǵٶȿ쵽ˡ
ĬµľеĳԱҪ
ʮϯĲӥǰʱ֧Ȼͣ١
Ӷֹ˲ϢѾɡ
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ǿ
һĻóǽϵĺɫ䣬һеľȣֱ޷в䣬ֻҪ꣬ǶǶӣʵǿ󣬿ڱϮУܱ벽Ƶʣһ£ֱӾֹܾͣ٣ֱһ㡣
ѣѣѣ
һѡ
ѩѩþţһֻֻ޴ħãԾ˵ٶȳڳ⡣
˫ɾšһޱȣɷ糱
ĴŽӥǳΧסɢ֮ǰͽΧʱҪ¡

糱һ޴սԶƿնģȻ̫ӣǹϯԭϴȻȻѹĹڵءɪɪ
ӡ
嫺˿ͫһ
Ŀھսǰϡӣÿһ̫еѪͨҪǿ̫࣬ؼǣǵÿһ𣬵λߣ󲿷忴ǶҪдΰݡ
ӣȻǺεȳ顣
裬ĳ衣
ڴ
ӣȻΪȥ嶼Ҫ޹⡣
ڿһɲǣ嫺̲סһ󷭹


1260 
һ׻ʣȻֱ̫ûн۵ףôôΪĴ׻ʳһô涼ɶ̫ɶˡ
ҿɫҲһࡣ¹ص棬ƽľ
̫ӣ꣬ƺս顣¶ɫ˵Ѿǲ̫ӣ̫Ӳױѹǵ
ꡣܵõԽתӵΪ̫ӡ嫺Ŀ˵
Щ챦Ȼ飬ͬҲ꣬꣬ĳ̶ֳϣħӵǱĶǿߡ
ֻҪ챦аԲһ׵顣
Ҳˣ嫺ûóȻ֡
սͨ챦пѾΪһ֮ͿԷ仯
һУҲûзֻǸоĳһɲǣԼƺεΣͻȻϮһ˲ʧֻǴĸӦ
ӦòǴʲôˣҪ֣ͻȻͷ
Ժпһͷûм˼Ͼڰǰģӥͥ˵
׻ʣ㡣
ذ̧ۿսսվŵУͫѯʵ׻ʣҪӥء
ذ⡣
վսϣذ⣬˵Դ嵱ըһڱУӥͥҪ𡣲ɱ㣬ζԵԩ꣬ζԵաн죬ҲԼȡ֮
ȻūգҲǿûӥͥѾ䣬Ȳ졣
ذ⿪˵
գ䱻ūۣͬʬţǻȥЦ˵Ƕһ衣
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ذһ˿Ҳʧˣ֪һ̣˾һսѾûܣûг׾
ڵȻ£ĪΪһ£ĿӥͥȥδЩ̫ˡЦ˵
֪Σµʵɲģţۺʵǿתӵƥս׻ǿҲܱתǿ󡣡
ذƶ˵ڻʵǺɵģӥϣֽʱǻ֣ŽoˣӥͥԶɹ֮աЩʵﵽʲôزѾûܹ֪
ٷ𣡣
ʱһŴ
ţͿλãȻǵصϯ鲼գߵȾһƬɫǻ棬ޱȵ𺳡
Уܿһ޴ɽʶƺӳա
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ƴѹ糱ˮϯ
еѻ̲סѹƣ£ص棬֪ѹжôǿ
£
վսϣգû˿ҡƺǷдݳѹԣ𲻵áӲܽѹ档
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УܿһɫķƾճգϢĳսϣӥϿգǷͨڽУоϻصףƺÿʱÿ̶ڱãƺ࣬˲һ඼Ͽ
һԸķŽǻеĻ𡣡
ͫһڽɢĽⲢ赲Ŀ⣬һۼ䣬ѾⲢǻıһ
ԸһʮǿǾǷŽԸԳΪ֤ƾΪﵽһκ󣬾ͿԽںϣʱһ죬ӵͨ쳹صķйķЩԸ
˵ǵźƣȴԸͽУӡߺһȻޱߡ
ѾоʵԲԪѷɫǿ
ٷ׻ʱ¸ƶɮһӣŹӥͥΡһδЩ̫ˡ˵һһ䣬һֺƴޱߵϢ
Уûбֵĸ߸ϣиһཻͬվͬһλϵ˼Ȼûпе˼
ʵϣؼ䣬ܿеģм
һǺǡУ֮ǰĻĪûкǺһЦ漴ɫһ䣬ûǱʾ˵һΣȳ˵ߣҪ赲Ǳʾ𡣡
Уһɭɱ⣬ڵչ¶
Ϣ˵Ϣ
ٷ׻δ̫ƫˣУǿ岢ǰǣ׻ʳȻԺɨķӵ׸ΪеĶǿ߻δѣܵӡ޷Ҫ˶ãͽơ
𻺻˵
˼ǣӡͿҪˡԭȱѹǿߣ䡣
¶һ˿֮ɫ
ģǴı仯ʵ̫ˣԺɵ˵ڵľ涼᳹״ƣЩǿߵĳ֣Ĺ˵ͻƻϾǿΪبû˭ܹ⡣
ʱ˵
ǿߵɱһನпܾ캣Хأָǣ֪Ƭʱ˯ȥ
ֻҪһ룬˿־塣
ʱ屻ӡǿߣ֧
ƶɮֻ֪ҪУʿͻƵ񾳣ӡͻῪʼģ󲿷ַӡ˶ʧЧʱʱ̡壬Ҫǿߣӥͥ׻ʾƹΡ
׵ͷ˵
񾳡
磬κУ˵Ѿǳˣӵлصΰһ䣬ܸ컻أժ¡
Ҫȴôס
콾˭һһ̾ͻƣڣԪǿߣԲʲôʱͻ񾳽磬ûܹԤϡ
Ը⣬ȫĻҪͻƵ񾳣Ҫ̫ʱ䣬ʱ䣬ԴɣˣҲ̫ܲࡣ
ʮ֮ڣȫпܳǿߡ
Ҳ˵ӡпֻ֧ʮʱ䡣


1261 Ƿ
ʮ꣡
ͨ˵ʮɶʿ˵ʮܶݣݵпֻһαչأһ۵Ѿ˵ʮ꣬пǴĿʼҲпǸ컻ء
ڴ׻ʳ˵ʮͬһݵʱ䡣
ڲ꣬ʮ겻׻ʳѾߵľأҪٸʮʱ䣬˭޷Ԥϣܹߵһʮ꣬ԲתΪϵĲ࣬ϵĺ蹵
Ȼ˳̫֮ꡣ
¶ɳɱ䣬ʱƲϻˣ¡մﵽ
ܶ˳ҪʳпҪͣʮ꣬ϰʱ⣬ʳ۳Ҫͣʱ͸ʮ꣬ڻʳԣֻ˳̱ǿḶ́ʱ䲢ֻ˵Ǻܶݡ
ʮʱ䣬ܲܽ۳һ㣬Ҳ˵һܹ
ֻҪ֤ķչƣδؾͲ
ʮУߵһδ֪
ȻЩǺ󻰣ڰǰģǰĻӥͥ
ñƹӥͥӥͥǰƹա֮ͬУ˾˭鶼УҪӥͥǺܼ򵥣ֻҪֵܵҴ׻ʳĹǿΪ𣬱޻˵ܣͬҪҴΪߣԶ
йϵ˵
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ڵľٶδ޴鷳
ЩȻ֪ȴòȥӥܷͥͬغµ档Ҫû˵ڼȻˣսӣĵһξ޴شľǿɲһС¡
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Ĭ
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ͬʱ¶һŨԣսܡ
꣡
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޷ٶȵж죬ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬾Ѿڻǰ̧צŻ˺ѹȥʣһϣԲһ顣ڽɢԽ֮Ĺ
ýƻֱԪ񾳲Ρ
ٷ𡣡
Ŀãƺκεı飬ֻǷһţţǰ黨һЦָ⣬ɫţȻ䣬УܿһѤ滨ƾţʮֵʮֵ˾ޡ漴滨ڰУۿɼٶȿٱ
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ϸ컨һɢ޾⡣

䣬ͿǶ޴컨ͻȻ˺ѣţԵЩצѾŻɱȥ
ڲɱУչ¶ͼͨһѹһеǿ
ǻĿãҲ΢΢üͻȻһӡзһȣ
һУʱͿۣصĽɫڱãΪһֻ޴Ľɫʨɫë̫ͬ貣ͨ崫ݳǿĶս־ƺǶս
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ž䣡
Ŀãͫһ˵
Կ˵Ϊͨͨÿһ֣ӵеΰܡ˵ŵľԻǴӵġνһС
ԣʨӡ
ȻԾ۳һʨʨӣڷУнħͨʥ

вûгɣһ䡣ǰţһ
Ȼ䣬һɫĻƾճ֣ڻֺܵ¶Ȼ䲻ϱޱȣƺҪȼ
ͼ
Ƴգ֮ȼգһ׹ڴϣݱȼѣ졣ֳһʮֿµĻ档
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ⲻͨĻ棬סǿĻƻ
Ҫ𵱳
ٷ𣬽
н˸ϷʢӡһϺȡ
Ȼ䣬ԿУһľ֡


1262 
ľ·̺в˼ΰ
һ֣ų⣬ƺܿɫľĻľϱãƺϵоڻص£Ծһǿҵľη
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ͬʱܿľϣ˸һ𣬻Ϊһɫ߰㳯ŻӣҪѹڽľ֮С
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ͼ̺ͨԺʣҲ
ҪĲֻҪ˵
ҪȻʣδ̫ˡ
и̲ܵסһЦȻȻĸֳаɢǰǹϵоױ
飡
ţڻϵһɫ飬ΪһɫģɢѳĻһɫצųҵףغǸľϡ
ֲ£ľڵͳը
׻ʹȻؼøʢ콾ͨƶɮһУ׻ʱ£Ʒһ
𻺻³һ
ʢȻ䣬һյŵƳͷյƣϸȥһյƣֳͨһֽɫĹâоУƺǵоһö˼ӡһⲻϵĳܸǹȥڷУܿһενɫĵڵ
Уܿӣ޺о
ƺƣʥǷ
գ֮ԴԴϵԺС
һ𱦡һյơ
пҲɰ̾һò˵ʮ־ˣɢѾ챦ĲΣﵽؽ챦ľء
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ɢޱߣһֲɿܵΰ
ƣޱΰΪ鱦һѹ˵Ʋᶯ˿̳֣Ǿ͵չֳҷܡ
˵׻Ը֣һͬԸԺΪ󡣡
ܡ
йϵ˵ٴξܾ
ȴûһи鱦ƿһ鱦񻰴˵УΪκһܷӳصΰһЩУ鱦ֱ֮Ϊ۱
Ϊ鱦У̺һķԴϼȥǴľǷ֮ʱǣһ˿֮
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سɷ𣡣
سɷ𣡣
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dһ糯ڵλѹÿһ磬ɢƶӿ£У·һѹ
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Ĺעͼ֮С

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һɫɢŨˮ֮ԴһɫȻһ޴Ļ
ÿһֱӴﵽǧɵĿ¾ءֱ̺ܱ˵бϯǵأ죬ˮӳ
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УԴԴϣ·ԶΪ޾⣬ӳڅdַӡϡⱩǡ

УˮͻȻľһˮ֮ͬʱ໥䣬κνƣײ׿񱩣ˮ֮໥ּ˱Դ


1263  ؼ
ͨˮײˮ棬ǻٸˮҺ
ӲҪ˵ˮԴ֮ײһ
˲ըΪһɹ֮糱ˮ㽫dַӡûȥǴĻ֮κʣ֮ǰҪ׷顣
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ǿ
һǿԼ޷ȫӳԭڣһ鱦ʵ߶鱦֮£ûа취ֵǱܡָоȻ
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ʲôؼһָսʱڵһװ֡ñһװзõĿ׺ͶƣԳìΪǿĳķơ
һıؼƿѡײһ£ͻϹۣǱײķѣսͨͨáǰŴսϣһǼֱսϵجΣµɱ¾Իʿսֵɱﵡ
ǰӥţȻһ֧ؼϵʿµսһصĻףֻ¶ֻ۾ÿһʿͶʮָߴƽﵽ׸ߡ·һС˰㣬ؼףЩؼܿһ˸
Щս׿ɲǿЦģľǿķԡ϶ߡֻõĲǳǹһ׶೤ľսսİ࣬Ӿ޴Ҫ뽫ľսӳҪǿ硣
ڣЩսɵЩӥŽʿУȫܿûбֳ˿ĳ
ĵһȥԽնϣԽһ롣һۣܸ̹ܵǵɷ⵶ĵΪɱ¾ڡ
һǧ
ǧ
ǧ

ʮ򣡣
ӥźȻﵽʮ֮࣬Ϊ٣ؼ˵һ˺Ȼ֡սϵɱ¾
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У
Ŀ£ͽ˵һеľԱֱиɻսôȫûа취˺
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ĩԸս
ĩѩþԸΪӮôս
ǷĬ¹Ӣѩأһ̣ԥĿ
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п׵ͷܲӮһ£ûս⣬Ǿһ¡׵ľӣսɱԲʧȥյһǿɱ
˫¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ģɾڣؼҲ뷢£ɾſɲ¡˭ֻҪһҪɱ
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˫ԳΪųΪɾʵֱӴɾŶս޶֡սڣɾţսǣ˵ǿֱɣȻЩţȴδж
ѩص϶ֳһĨĽ֮ɫ
ڴˣ㿭
׵ͷ˵ս
ɾţսĿ꣬ӥţɱ⣡
˫ǰɾǰȻ˵
ɣɣ
ɾУһʿѪ˸ɷ糱췢һź
ɱɱɱ
ӥŽʿ췢ɱ
ǰ棬Ȼӥͥսµ
ɱµս˲俪ʼǰ档Щսǿ̺񱩵ؼףڷʱ˲ٶɴﵽһ˿־ĵز
սսĿʱսѾʼ
һս֮ս
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˫ͬûж˵һϺ£ɾҲŶûѸһٳ֡
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ಣ
ʽǰѸٽеȫȥ˲º󳷣Ľʿһʱ
һڿ۶һɲǣϵıȥƼ׼ɢһɫһ⣬ǵصĳŶؼȥ

ʱµĻսϡ
ܼļ꿰һ㡣ÿһؼٵԳɰǧ£ᱻɴ⬡Щؼϣȴϵؼ赲棬Ƽ׼޷ս׵ķ
Ƽ׼ƺʧȥƼ׵
ȻײʱΪһųҵĻ棬ȴ޷ȼؼס


1264 
ؼײͨĲ죬ԵֵƼ֮ˮ֣ҪͨĸٺأƼ׼ͬᱻнеؼױݣ˷ָǣﶼֲϡ
һͨͨûá
һⱦ죬Ϊڽ
ֲϣרŵĿģȻƷ൱ףﵽؽײΣզκһ飬ȥôʿΪ֮ĶƷϵȲϡڱУһڽ𣬿Ȼ
ͬʱӲңˣһͨ޷ڽˡ
ʮӥȻڽսףﻤףһ֮ǿֱǿ˷ָĵز
Ƽ׼ûá
ͬûá
ڽ𣬵ؽױģȻؼףֱݳޡ̫ݳˡ
ĿãڵȻȻĸֳЩؼ׵ҲɰԳ鴤ֱǱȫڽսףݳ޵ΪЩУȥ̫ݳˡ
ӥͥƿһ
ĴջһңЩڽܹʮսױһͿǸ̺ŷḻĿء
ֻҪ£Ϊ׵һʾ˲Ƹ
ĲƸҲɵһ󼤶

֣׼Щؼ۾
˫
ؼ׷̫ǿײǻȻһ壬һ˿ûУЩطûа취ؼǵģ磬۾۾λãп׶׶󣬲ҪУңЩսʿֱ۾һѵµ顣
Ҫ̫ˣζһ£ͫڵλ÷ı䡣
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սһǿԸߣң̸Զ
ԶǹսǾѻǹ
֮䣬ʹȻвġ
ಣ
ܼļУһѪɫԵüΪĴۡμ
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˲Ϣ䣬ѾһӥǰѪУǴ޴вܵҪȻսٶǰͽ͡
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ֻһӥĲҽһѪɫսͫλֱӴ͸ȥֱըѣ̽ͷ­䴩Դµƻͷ­һըѡ
һУ˲䱬ͷ
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սϵǿֲ˭ԼʲôʱͻᱻһսɱôĶ֪
ӥȴû˶ңȻ£һģࡣ
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սһ˵ǾǣԲɹ棬ڳеǾΨһѡκԿģ˱״ݻ٣ûѡ
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Ŀ÷˫۾̲סд
ÿµƣܴݻһУսϣκεǰĶݻ٣޿ƥе
ҷ·𿴵һɽֱѹеֻоûа취ģˣı䲻Ĵ֡
ɾŲֵ֪ܲܵסЩҴ׻ʳĸţս޲ʤ޲ˣսϣûܹһЩ֮¡
ͽ˰Գ
۾ȴʼնսϣգһգĹûУ˶κһ˲䡣һսǣǵǸҪ֪˭վ˭ȡյʤ

˫ǰźХ¶һ˿Цŵ˸źڹ⣬Ȼ䣬Ϊһɫ㳯һ˦˹ȥ

Ӧν죬̧ܵսһնȥȻײдݳ˲սϣսڣ
˫ۼһһ
˲ɱֱһߡֲбһɲǼ䣬ͽսӲһ˦֮£ڵϡ涼ҳһֲѺۡ¶һӡȫܸܵһˤж
ңͱصļ̤ȥÿһμ̤ؼеѪһڿѪ
ļ̤ؼ׻Ҫˡ

ɾ͸ߴ󣬶ңϸ˫һһִƽʱЩƺԼ˿̣ȴΪһµıսϣ߰㴩Թķʽϯϵĳӥǰ
סӡססֱۡЩֱӳµսȥ
飡
һУԿһϵıսֱսײڵ棬غ«һڵϡ
ذƣһǰȻױݻ٣ͱ߽⡣
ܿµսͬʱסµȡ֮£ƥսȻ˺ƬķѣϵͻȻһգôڵϣֱǴĿģĿࡣ
սȫֳһֹĻ档
ƿɲսϣױһǰױŰ
ʮʮ£ʮ԰ֱӷ棬ɱѪɺӣսʤ֮ɴ˿̣ȴΪߡ
һĻ̫ˡ
ȫ޷š
ǽϣذҲŴͣ¶һֲŵɫ
Ҫ֪ǲӥĿľҪһսУɱӥͥ磬׻ʳɾ޴˺֪ӥͥҪҲҪǱһ
ڿ뷨ʵ̫ˡ
ɾŵʵȫһĸֱһɱ
ǿɾžȻ
üһЩȫһӣոҾͿһȻס֫ôһ嶼ˣʬ
ЦӥֱǸЦҪƾ֧棬û뵽ǱŰɱȫڽĦ׶һɶ
ûˣɾţֻѾעġ޷ġ
һͽ¶Цݡ


1265 
ӥˣܵĺܳס
ɾţûлֵôսϣѹŰɱսʱ䲢ܶݣڶ̶Ƭ̼䣬ѾĻµսϲƵѪŨѪϢաս
һĻӥͥеˣΪ֮Ĭ
ǵģǾ
ӥͥյĵ̣ûа취ֵԴ׻ʳʱݿĻָоǰһƬڴǰѾûеڶֿܡΪӥͥһ˿Ļᶼ
£оѾȫɱ¼ġ
˫һѪĳй
ܺãɨս
׵ͷ
һսɾŵķɣķǵơԴ֮֮ӡ
ӥɷ񡣡
пӥƽ˵
һ׻ʳһɾţû뵽ĻǣƸȻ׻ʳǰ޷֮ʳ֮Ĳ֮࣬ôҺޣΪǿʵȻֻһЦѡ޴ذ⣬޴
ذ̧죬ЦЦдһ˿롣
ûΪԼ
Σǿʳѡ
ûʳ£Լ˶ڳ֮нѡʣѡûдҲд
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
ذſںһ̣ѾûзͷĿùеʵ𶼱ˣȥǲùѡȡѡ־ܡּ䣬䵶Ѿ˳ԼĨ˹ȥ
ٲȻҪֱԲá
ǵҲҪϡյս֣ȴԾԼ

ͻȻ䣬һ⣬߰ϣգۼ䣬ĸһֻӰ㡣
δЩ̫ˡ˵ǽѣѳѵնԣǺεȵĲ
к˵
֮ǰӥͥսһսѾذΪ˳֮ϣսϾʤֳˣǽľ֮ǰѪծ
ӥͥˣҲ˳֮ѵѡȨûС
ذɫĿУɫǷŭ֮ɫ
ѾûѡȨʤΪ߿ܣӦúŶԡ
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ذӥͥкµıǡһˣȫԣв㽫ֱնɱ
£Ǵ׻ʳο൱Ŀտβ罫ӥһ֮УңڣÿηңӡǵΪÿηѺʮֻһʳһˮļϴˢµ
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һˣô˵顣
ЩˣǾͳҪۣõӦġ첻Ǵ׻ʳ
⻰һܵͽ¶һ˿ڼĿⶼһ˿ɵ
һУѺʮˣңÿֻһʳһˮôˣգڼʹ£Ȼᷢң໥ɱڼ£ΪʳǼΪµĻ棬ʮ̵ֲ顣
ˣ
Щ˵ԣ˾Բʲôѹ
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źܷ뷨
Ҫ֪Ԫħɣļңÿʱÿ̶ƶһȥٵĲļ̺ͬĸΣաʱпܻ棬ңǰᾭĿ־塣
һ䣬ֻУתһڵĶڡԵüΪ䣬ͷ·ͨ޾Ԩвһ˿־塣
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ںɫͨһԣֳͬһ档
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ǡΡ
ΣǰһΣǴλǹѺһҶԻϳֵĿͽ֪ͽûС
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ͽ̧ۿеĻ棬һ¶֮ɫѺУΪֹû˵˭׳
˿̣ӥսʿѺͬһСҳſƻðɫʣǹѺʮˣԵ̫ӵǴ´࣬ܿտռȫ㹻Уǰң¶һС
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ڽȥ󣬳ʼҼΣһİȫңֻҪ뿪ͻ뵽ңãʵǿͻС
һҵͬᱻɡΪϡ
ֻҪÿϵҵᱻһֱ֡ϵҵʧһպǣξͻнͳȥ
뿪
ÿιѺʱһԣ춼һ䡣
һ㣬Եġ
ǾңֻҪȥܻ뿪ңϵҵͻᱻȡһ֣Ȱȫҳȡҵٶȸ죬ȡĻᡣ
ֻҪ㹻࣬ҵȡٶȾԽ죬ĻѺеʱҲӦ̣һּڵķ
ҵĻ֮С
ǿңεƷײϱǿЩҲԽԽǿӿ¡
ΣѾ챦
ңµĻ壬Ѿ÷ླʿ䡣ԪҲһǽؽףҲ鱦ĲΣǾ͸ӿ¡
ʮϵǼΪӴȫգ˵οԸһ
аڴ
Ҳһַá
ܰɱ䣬Ҳһֹ
ף
ʱֳλ΢΢ֳһ˿졣


1266 ·ɽ
ǸֳĻ棬ȻΣԪħеҡ
Կһ˸һϤӰǰ
һְȫǷԹѪУ֮ϡ
죡
һӰȻ졣ѹСΪֹһûа취ΡΣʼգûиѵĻᡣ
죬ǻѹΡû뵽컹ܿ
ţ쾹Ȼţ˵УһֻҪ߳һʼİȫңǴӴ֮ĶңûоԵİȫȫңһʱ󣬶ᷢı䡣һֿµĹ򡣡
ܻڣ̫˼ˡ컹治ͨˣѹָսϡȻзǷʵ
ܶ൱꿴ͽ˶һɣжҲһ˿塣ܻڣԲһ׵顣
˭
ֻС
˫ۼΪĳܴȥȫµң֪Բǰȫҡ
ͬʱֻУͻȻֳһ⣬Щ⽻֯һ𣬻Ϊһ£ѹ֮ƺռ䶼иһϸСƬǻ棬һżֻⲻǼɣǸӿµɡ
ԺŹķ
ǾʿᱻиƬ
ٺ٣һУû¹С
쿴ܼĹ£¶һ˿мЦ⣬ϹâһȻۿɼٶѸСգۼ䣬СֻĴָСվڵλãһɹ£ɹȴûи˺ôӹķ϶дһ˶ûС
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ˢ
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ҵȥĵ·ˡĹطҲȥˡ
ڿʱ֪еĿģͨĵ·̲סЦǣɣ죬ֻˡ
ЦУֱУ˲ʧ
ĿһĻӥƽԭһĬоͷֻѻͻȻɹĲһֺܺõľôһҪʹһٵĳ嶯
쵰Ҫƽˡ
Ҳҡҡͷоһͷʹ
˵Ҳʲôʮ⣬ֻԸ̫ӣϵҵУ̫ӴЩ꣬һҵ򱻳ȡ룬ոһûҵξͲѺԣȻȻĳְɫУ뿪
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ͬӥƽԭϡ
ڲԭϣһɽǾǻɽӥͥУһʥɽԸҹȫһеļСɽߴվڼΪңԶĵطɿĿĿ
Ҫҵɽµλãײ
ʱѾɽǰ
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֮ͬǰӡһ롣
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ܵϣܵнʿһ
Ϊǵء
·ɽңѾʼɽ̣Ѿȫ̬ȣǴ׻ʳԲţɣڽڸУ¼ΪõӰ졣
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ܺãΪɽͿӱһУδ̫ˡ
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ÿһ䣬÷Եϵɫ䣬棬ɫ࣬嶼ڷ
ȥ£ڴ׻ʳڣֻºٵõͽûУȫҪϾɱһضҪº֣Ͼ
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ּսƿնȥ
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׻ʵֶ̫Եˣ̫ˣȫ»·ֻ»һＫطĽڻµĸʩȥֻ»᲻ݡ
ζ˵
Ǹã嫺ڣԽǻԽã׻ʳķչٶ̫죬ҪһЩ鷳ҡ
˵


1267 ڶ
ǿǿӲȫǰԾǰ·±ؽӼҵĳͻŷģļսһˣԼͻᷢң޷ͳһֱӲµںģĴƶԣȫĪĺ¡
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ǿɶҪɽʹ˶ܣδЩ̫ˡбӦʱЩУȫӦͽΣϵء
ɫ˵
ɽµİգ˼ϣĶūۣҪָ֪ҪѶ೤ʱ䣬ⶼգҲܲܡֱ
ްȱ
У嫺ȸʧһսѾĻûɹעġ
ңҲҪһС
飬ٶȲ׻ʳ׻ʵ޹
嫺ص󣬵һʱ´ǲְ̽顣
չ¶ĶעģһǾս龹Ȼ̫ӣܵõ˵ǿߣǱմڶ㣬ʩչĹͨͶ䣬ܹʹ
ڿʩչʱԼоԾܵһӰ졣
ĹӰ죬ܲӰ죬Ȼͬ죬ؼǣĳ壬п֮ĹĻǾԲӲ
ɱߣٹֹһʽ
һ㣬Բ֡

ӥͥӥϿյͻȻֵצɣһϯһա
׻ʳϿգɫĹƸӴ̾Ӧϵ˽ǣѾﵽʮɵľ˵ز
ڷʱ׻ʳ˱˽ɱ䣬ﵽİɴСŴʽʼԶߵĵ첻ϱһɳָ򣬴װͼڲţͳηΧڣȻȻǡ
ӥͥˣֱ˵õǣ˽ﵽʮɡң⻹ֻǸոտʼһռӥǴģؽǸӴˡͻɣ⡣
ӥͥȻ˵ӥϾûзǿһˣͬȥܱһ־޴壬ڴ˵һĪϲá
̫ˣӥͥǸĺˣǿǱЩĺѹ꣬ÿ궼Ҫǳɹû뵽Ҳн졣
˵ֵһ˳׻ʳӥͥڴ׵콫ǰҲ߹׾پͱ𡣾˵ӥͥегԣȫѺУ⣬УЩԶ뿪
ӦⶼǱӦ֪ͬУըȫʬһȺ˵Ķħ˵ǱͶΣÿֻһʳˮڹѺʮˣ϶Ϊʳ໥ǳԼʬѪ⡣ǱӦӦôƷһ£˳ԵĿ־塣
˵׻ʳѾʼӥƽԭռ죬ɳǲ£鲼ƽԭÿԲǧһɳഫ׻ʳɳѹҰɳ֮ڣڻҰֻҪ޵ߣڻҰ档Ѫծߣܵɳѹͽ˿ɶǽԡ
Ҫܼ׻ʳͺˣڴ׻ʳУ˵κգսѵõСгԲʳ˵ӥǱռ󣬾ڵһʱɸ죬ڹ㳡֮Уʳѻɽ˶٣ܲ϶١ʳޱȳ档
ӥϣӥͥϢݳȥ󣬴׷׵õϢһͷԴ׵Ա
׻ʳ˵ǾһΣһޱΡ
ڣпʵֵΡܹΪ֮ġ
ˡ
ܶ౾лһЩҰ֮ڵõЩֻаԿɬķһ̾ϢԼڴǰȫûпɱԣؼǣиӥͥϹǹƣ赲
һЩҰҲֻǿѹȥ
ˣ׼һݺǰ۳ǳ׻ʱ¡
ȻЩģӦѡȻֱܷϾ˭ɵӣǰ˭Ҫ赲Ǿǻᱻѹ촷۵ġ
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ӥͥ׻ʳڲţŵͬʱڱͼɽͼԴԴϷǿͼԪͼУ˵ͼÿһƣĳԪĸӦ֮£׵ıͬʱһööнᾧȻȻۡ
ͼ۵ĵͼɱɳŶĸǿ
Ϣ䣬ڵĵнᾧÿ춼
ÿһɳǣÿռһƬ򣬶ӽɽͼϷͼУķˮ֮ȻȻĻΪϡ
֪УڵĵнᾧֱӴﵽһǧöĸ߶ȡ
һǧöнᾧǧУҪˡ
жھУһ˿п֣ÿлήһΣÿһΣֻҪɹɹзΪսõɱ䡣
нᾧ˭۵ġ
ﵽޣͱҪɹ֡ǽѣҲ컯
һǧöнᾧζţʱпܵ١
˭޷Ԥ⡣Կ϶εֽ٣Ƿ֡
֮ǰһζɽʱǷֻ֣֣һΣּȻ֣ѾɹǾͲٳ֡ؼĹ
ʱҪҪɽٵ⡣
ǰ棬ӡǰ棬һΪӡؼӡ˶ġؼ䣬ȻⲻһѪҡ
ɣҿеһ֡
΢һջѡǸǻͻƾͻƣʵǸǷӡҪ飬˭סʵһС
һ䣬Ϳʼ֡ڤڤиӦһΰͷСԴԴϵϯ
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Ȼ֡
Ӧ붼룬һ̤Ѿ⡣̤Уͷƺѹѹģޱȵѹ֡
Уֹ죬ְԵ顣
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1268 
֣УΪԵһֽ١
ʦʱ֣Ӳ㣬Ĺܶɹֽ٣㲻Ǿ֪ж¡һʿֵܵġҵɶ򵤣ڶɽУΣ֡
٣׽٣ǻϡ
ѾﵽԪ񾳣ΪʿԪҪ֣ſԴԪԪɱ䴿ﵽ񾳣ڶ֡
Ȼ֣˵У죬ԵӲһֵסͻôʱ֡ѵжɹֵİ취˵ɶֵֵֻܹǣɶҪƳףҪĲϸ󡣡
۳УŴͽˣЩͽϴ׻ʳӥĹޣ岿䣬İĵطŴĻ
磬ͽһɽҵһǧ̷Ϊõһۣȡңһξ׬
ͽһɽҵһ챦ɱڻҰҵһϳ˹ԼϽɸ׻ʳؾڣȡĹѫ㡣ȻһŹԼ֮⣬⴫ɵõĺôȴԵ
ϾѪմ
Ͻɹ󣬷µħģѪԣ޷Υġ
û̫Ͼںܶ˵ֻҪţǺܶ๦ֻᴫԼѪãǼֹ⴫һ㣬׵Ҳʮֵ˵ҲǺܶͽԸ⽫õĹս׸ؾԭһԵõѫ㣬Իȡȫµսͨ
ǻݻкô
ǵõѫ㣬ܷḻأø콾⹦սħڣйܵ鷢
ԣ̽ȫµĵ򣬶ںܶͽ˵һξ޴Ļᣬȫпܽһɳ졣ӱڸ׾ؽȫԸߣõĻرߡ
ֿɲô׶ɹġ
һ¥¥һѩ׳۵Ҷ³̧ۿգĿдһ˿ء
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վڳУϸֳһ˿ǡ
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Ҳֻţ޷ǰľκεĸġ
꣡
ֻɫĽУ׹˸ͻȻ䣬ܿһɫսƾճ֣ӽ£һͷأѹƣ·ܿٵءһС
ǡף
սֵ˲䣬һѶϢȻȻĳУֻҪǾͿսʲô
ʮֿ£˵̹ſٵصϣںϣΪ츫ԿĴǻն¡ףܿٵأſķâǰԵǿ£һ֣һ綼
һ۶ɵĿ츫̺ž˵֮ǿĺܱ֮ߵնڿ츫Ťƺ޷Ըеľ޴ѹ
ףǿס
һͷȥ綼ҪӲҪ˵
Ȼһײûд˵пٵذΰϾԪ֣ƻɳԪ񾳵ĽޣԪֻ±һͷ룬ټ򵥲
ɫĿ츫κηӦĻᣬ˲ͷͷ­նȥ
ĵסܲôҲš
һ³һ
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ͨӡ
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ӡϣȻܿǳӡѾﵽö˿̣öǳȫӡֱ̺ӱı
徳ﵽתƶһĸ߶ȣһǧıǾǧΰ
ңѪעӡ֮ڣڵԪͬעӡУΪΪһ壬һӡУͨǹͨ
ӡУ̺ѹ⣬̺ͬ־Ҳ˵ӡУ̺Ԫ񾳵ϵϡ
ں֮£ǳ׳Ԫ񾳵Ľޡ
ֲ
һ̣ĿһĻʿоǰӡ·Ϊһǧɾ޴ĽɫÿһݳױȵѹѹѣҪϢйƺڲϷʱҪѵļ
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ﶼһ̣Ȼʧɫ
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ֲĺ˲ؼ䣬޾⸲񷣬Ťȴʼû飬һ̣·һħսһɱ
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ãеⷽųɢ
סˡ
ԣûеס쿴ǿ׻ڡ
ܱĴ룬ʣֻҲΪĿֲ˭ֵܵסġ
Уӡ󶼱츫Ƭ۵Ŀ츫ϣⰵɱֱϡ
սۣ
ì
췢Ϻȣһȭ츫һɾ˵ȭ⻯ΪһͭսìȻ˹ȥսìʵʣսìУȫܸܵһһǰһУƿİԵ־սìУǱ·棬̺һ硣
ԴݻһС
ûжìֱһȭͶӰķʽúìǵһСǧ
ڸտʼʱȷʵǴֱóìס
ڸҪֵ˲䣬ԺͻȻһ⡣
ΪұȻڿ巢𹥻ԷӳǿʱЩܲ¶Ͳ¶
пÿһ̺ŶصķϣӵжصĽƣ⣬ԿͶӰΪ壬ڿռ֮Ȼ磬ȴıãչֳںܡңЩΪһսΪ壬ؽսͨ
һ̣Ժвӿֳһͷ
ϾпѾﵽʮսϣҪǲϱ׳һЩеҪΪԭͣһսʩչУȻȻܵڿһܣӵǿս
νһٶá
һȭȥʵìͶӰì⣬ڿռ֮չֶ
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ܿʵʵì뿪츫ײһ


1269 ط
һ츫״Ŀ׳飬˲ըѡ
һì̺ÿ飬Ͼ֮ǰѾӡĥֳìһȻȻ𣬿ɾеìҲ顣ǿ׵̫Եâ޾
ɱ񣬷ɱ
ѹ֣ѹڸּУֵļ¼취ܱܿܿҲҪܵӦ׼ûжɶ򵤣ûӦͨǲ׶ֵġҪȻʱпܻͨ񾳵һؿԽ󲿷ʿ档
аԳ
ҲΪʲôԽ棬ʿܴͨߵ᲻Ԫ֮䣬㵲ס˾ųɵʿ
꣡
нȴûɢ׹˸߰ٴһ£ȻԿһȫµĿ츫ٴֻۡβǻɫɫɫĿ츫ڸУܸ֮ܵűһеĺ֮
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п³һսͬʱһѾ۳Ŀտڡ
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ֻϧ츫ķâ̫Եһͷȥ֮ĶӲֻ츫ϵҲŰ١
ЧͶӰ֮ɿԷӳȫԳԱܿ츫вʺս챦磬ǿη
ǿηĵزգǳ֮δز֮ϡ
ͶӰ赲츫Ժе·ǾһԴԴϵӿֳԺײһǻ۵Ļ𻨡˼벻ϸ֡
ӵļӳ£һ̣˲¡Լ䣬һԺжԸֲڤڤһָо֪ôȷġ
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飡
츫Ӧ£ֱնԭڵλϣڴϣȻԿڿ츫£˲顣һ޴ѷ죬ѷУҽȴµĺ˲⡣
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Ŀ꣬ȫֻ꣬Ҫûа취ıϢǶ㵽߶ûáܣһ׷ɱֻʮʮɷͨа취ܿ
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һ壬ֱ޷
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ʱУ˸һڳɫĿ츫ſ񱩵֮ٴγնȥս֮ȵϢֵϢĸо
ڴ˿̣ٴںǿηлһǺ۹켣ǿڿ츫ֱڵ棬һɽ屻ͬʱԵ֮ɽȼвľ˲仯Ϊҽݱ졣
ȻԱܿ֡
иܵаԿϲֿܻľ˺ζţǿηԾжֵĻ˵ԶԴ׻ʳҪֵ𵽾޴档
꣡
ڼ
츫ۣңÿεɫ̺ͬҲͬµǽɫĿ츫ٶȿ쵽ˣǷâɶܸܵз֮ʹҪ˺ѡ
ֻһδǿηΪǹ죬ıܿɿ츫նڴϡһɲѺۡ
֪Уһ츫ºеĽȻ俪ʼɢһͨ쳹صеڡ
һ˿˿컯֮ԴԴϵڣٳУϴˢͼԪԪеʣۿɼٶɢԭȵһ˿˿֮ȡ
Уֱĳ졣泩ļҪſ
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ָоǰδеĺãԪƿظǿԶ֮ǰ
ңԪطף֮ϵԽӽܡܷӳսȻȻӣԪУ̺һ˿֮Уͬķӳͱر
еĵнᾧû˶ӣЩнᾧøӵĴڷƿظɡ
ˢ
գһ£Ѿؾҡ
Ժ糱ָ򲻶ײζɽٵĹУ޴ĴԼĶսͷѿңڵУҪԿܲȽսĳο

۳еʿֱʧƬ̺󣬷Żعɲ֮ɫ
ףȻȥˡ
ʲôͨ˵ֿѱѵӵжֵķ
˼飬ֵ֪ͨطܲܶãҪõĻǴ׻ʳʵֻ»ڶʱˮǴߡõ޴ǿ
ʿ
ҪӲȥǻûʲôȫҪʵֵɹȥʵ˿˵ʼɵĻҪӵжֵķšǶʿԣ޷ܵ
ںܶඥǿ˵ǶǾǿջ
ΪķţֻҪõɣӵгΪǿߵĿܡ
˭ܹ׿ܵġ
˿̣ӥϣһεɽڣٻʢһɫŮڻֻ̧ۿգɫ֣Ȼ˿Զ֣ͨƺ֣ͨܿͨܵõһɹʵȻԴ
ǾǴ׻ʳ׻ôҪǰ۳һˡ
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ǻɹȣڰУ֪ǿΪ֮𶯡
־һκʿˡ
֣ⷨŵļֵ޿ɹ


1270 ʮ
ţŵȶ֮УΪʲôд콾ƴᣬУӱһ㣬ΪЩУӵ޷ܵԴ磬ֵطͨ磬Դս
Уط֮ͨء
硶ʮɷʮ䡷ԶֵطͨԹǵŷŵشԹж˿Եõش
޲Ǿֿ顣ҳʶȱһɵġ
ǣ˶ž޴Ҫ󡣲츳ǿˣѱȫЩشǴڣֻеһ֡ȫ
õֻеһ
£ܶڵŵɣҲǵĵõһЩشšǲȱģġɷƾЩشжȹֵֶΣȻһʧܵļʣֻŲȥĵ̡
ûжֵطشֶ֮
ڣ׻ʳȻչ¶ֵķţʣ׵ĲζУθһΡǰ׻ʳֵξˣɱܶţǿ߿һûطһ˳Ѵģǿߡ
󣬳
ǿߣ˳ڵĶ콾ﶼסϾ콾ԼΪ磬ʼͣһΣ޷ͻƣűԽĻȻͶߵĸԶ
һ㣬ȫֲ˱ˣֻ˵˳ǿԹñˡ
ֿܣڻ㲻ʲôϾǿûܹͻƵԪ񾳵ʿԺ󣬾ͻΪֲͻƵĸоһ꣬ʮ꣬ѵǧô
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ܶʿвԾһ˿
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С
һԺڣȻԿ֮ǰԨоȳŮǧͤУŻ԰еľ¡Աߣһ̴Ҳţܿϵķϲȹǧѷɫ٣һֹǧûеĳϡ
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Ĵ׻ʳмߵͶʼֵ
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нǧԨоȳȻǸмģ֮ǰľǰȻϢȥͬʱһǽȺıꡣ
ڸҪ뿪ʱȴͻȻʼֵľ棬һУùǧеľȻ䷢ı䡣
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ǾͶһֻ꣬һʱ䣬ʱһͱ뷵壬̽飬ƬҪ˶ãͻд·
΢΢üǵͷӦûпڷԡ
ڴ׻ʳдһʱ䣬δؾʲô£˵ܴп̽׵һЩܡ
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˵׻ʳҲжĹҵˮ׼ڷĵоò֪ܷиƳƷЦ˵
ѧϰ̫ǿǸƵ츳ǿ

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дԭȵİգѡµس¿ʼıµķչԵȻģԴӥͥнա
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ֱӽУڿռɱսֹսʱĽڿռ䣬ֱӹۿЩǰһһ졣뿪ںϣһи⡣
һ򣬾ǰڿռ䣬ɱɱн֤ͬʱ޸ģϴ޳ɣ۳֡

죬³һܿһϲ֮ɫ
ڳɹˣȻֻǳΣĿȴѾɹٺ棬ǲս


1271 컯
ԺΪпΪգֱԷ۳⡣һսȡΪ컯ȭҲС컯֡Ȼֻһֶѣ˵ȭ̺ìֱ֮ʹؼһбΪС컯
ͬɽ÷һ㣬ʮһս
ңⲻͨսǹսⲻΡΪʽʲôģֻ֧ĩѡ˵Ҫ޷ս̫Ӱ졣
ǣսֱӵν֮أûеսֻ˵ڶսҪܵǾս켶սǱս
Ҳ˵սԻļӳ֣һȭȥܾһСǧΰԴݿ࣬ءİ
ͬʱǣսʵӵǿԺΪԴͬһʩչʱԵӡ
һȭʱɵڶȭʱһȭʱͬϵӡ
˵һȭһڶȭȭϵӣֻҪܹܵסԲϵӣʮʮʮһȭʱضȭͷ³ױ
ȻⲢǴͨɶҪͬ޴⣬˶شƣ֮ۺͬǹ֮ͨ
˵
ҲԾԾԡϾѼʱ䣬ķѴΪմսͬҪһԸһ¡
ˢ
ǰâһȻ䣬ռѾֱǰ򿪡
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ھʧ漴ٴγʱѾӥĺ֮ϡ̤ںϣҪκξٶµĺˮȻȻľͽ𡣷·ںУƿش󺣵ˮ֮
ˮˮĵطˮƽء
ˮƿأԸ½һ磬
ϢвûڣңԵĽϢɢȥȴû¶Ԫ񾳵ǿѹͷ·һͨһѪɢȥڵĸܱߵĺޣԼһζ͡
𣡣
Ȼڸĺ˲Ͳ׽ʳѶϢֻһǳ𣬽ţһ޴ĹˮһԾܿУĿģ˿̲סǿҵĿ־塣µǣϣӵһĹǴ̡ЩǴ̣ÿһӷ
ڳֵ˲䣬ͿһǴ㱬㣬ȫס
ֺΪǴħ㡣ʮײУУûʲôǲԳԵġǣħǶӵģȺ壬һֻǾһȺ
Ȼܿˮ治Ծһֻֻħ㣬ܼ̻ΪûκζܵĿռ䡣
컯֡ռţ
зһϺȡֱһӼ䣬ȻԿǰңֱһɫĿռţռŽڡֵͬʱУȻֳɫУдݳһйǴ̼ûκ⣬ȫռеɡʧӰ١
ûһ˿
ͬʱһ̣ԿռڵУһ˲ЩȻһǴֻ̣˿̣ЩǴϸɫĹâɢŨĿռֵ֮˲䣬գۼ䣬ͳЩħǰ׺ݵħϡ
ۣ
һѪⱻ֣ܿħ㱻ɴ⬡ǴУħ̺ſռŸĿռֹ֮
ħ㵱
컯еһʽԿռΪͼռ䷨֮Ϊ⣬ںϿռ䷨ģлΪռֱйǷͨսͨͨɣֻҪǹƻ޷һ˲ͽռųױ顣
һ֣ؼǣռſֱ淴ռ䣬ɽȥĹ·תȥۻۡ
Ҳ˵ռ綷תƣǬŲһԽֱӷתøӿ¡
ոЩ̣̺ռ֮ʱ˲䴩գħǰӦĻᶼûУһ㣬ֱǿ¡
һʽսͬҲͨͨսںϺݱս
𣡣
淭ǧؾǳһ޴ĺӺи֣ǧɾ޴ͷϣһֻǣһֻɫĶǣϹâ˸ƺķתһɫӶбΪߣٶȼ죬ֱĳкһ֮£ܿ˱ˮƾ
Դˣֱ̧ۣŽɫңңһ
Уƾո֣ڳֺ˲䣬ؼԪ糱ˮӿսУһɹת·ܿãܿâ
꣡
з·֮նȥͬʱ֮ǰռŵȻȻսСøе˲䱩ǡնڽɫϣⱻһ·޹ǰնȥ
һѪ
޴ĺ£Ӳ롣ѪȾܱߵĺ档
սɹ
аԵͷ
һͷӵеʵֻ²Ԫ񾳣ȴ£һͷͱ룬Ҫ֪걾ķǳͣһԪ񾳵ĺ꣬񾳶δƿķ˵δƣ֪һ̺εȰԵ
ؼǣںϿռеԱǡ
Ȼ⻹ȲĶúڿҪóһ֮ںϣԵӣӳǿƻ
ˢ
ռٴδ򿪣·ءصУϢ˭֪֮ǰѾǰһˡɱһֻ޴󺣹ꡣ
ʬû˷ѣⶫǶʳġ
ûмչصĴ㡣
Ӿ˳ȥ
£֮ǰȳŮǧһֱҪ㣬УˡһΪξ¹ǧ񡣡
ͯʵһʱ֡
˹ˣǧݲ򵥡˶ˣ͵ʲô
˼˵
ڳУҪĻ͹
ͯ˵УڹǧԼ¶һ˿Į
͵԰
׵ͷ
óʲô񣬻Щġ
һǿ壬ʵԲѷɫ
ʱڱѾ̧԰ڵͤС
ӱϿͷͬһ㡣õĲϼΪңĻƶԵʮ־ԡ
꣡
ʾ£һŮһڱ򿪣򿪵˲䣬һ󱦹ǰš


1272 ս 
ֱʿǲСƽʯֱͳһ䣬ĵ̹Ȼǰ̾һ
ʯƷʲͬľʯҲͬƷģȻǺʯ̺ԪȻԪҪŨĶ࣬ƷǾʯ͵ġ
ϣͭƽ𼶣ԼϽ𼶡ഫϽ𼶵ľʯǿɲˣֻ쾧ʯв󣬾УҲϡٵ£ΪϽ𼶵ľʯ˵̺ĿɲͨԪԪ
Ͻʯ󣬾Ͳͨʯȡκһöһϡ䱦
ȻƽʯȻϽʯھʯ̺ԪӴ󣬶ңӾֻҪ˲佫ƽʯնԪܴȡԪָ⣬ʹáӳЧ
ľʯڸʵУһֽսԵԴ
׼ǲóġ
ȴһ䣬ǣⱦɲͨӣԿռطչĿռȴǱСʮɵľʯȻ͸Ӵˡ
ǧöƽ𼶾ʯ廹Ǹԣ
ͯʿգգ۾˵һӵķͲˡƽ𼶾ʯ׻ʳûУȻУЩսķϵĽһ岿䣬лȡĻƽ𼶾ʯǧöѾԱȵϴ׻ʳһˡ
ԲСĿ
꣡
ڶڱ䱻򿪡
򿪵ͬʱܿŵһֻֻϻ
һֻϻȡУִ򿪣ȻԿϻװŵģǷһöӣһöأ·һöҬһ㡣ϣܿ˵ͼ֣Źϵ϶ء
˹Һеز
пѾ֪ʲô
һֶصز˵ֻΪ˱ϣܽǾ˹˹Ҭһпյģ˵е˱ҺĹ屦
˵˱Һܹо޴ĺôңԸͯϴ˱ҺУʣʷı䣬ıǾʡ˱ҺУǼΪԴ׼䲻ó
κһöܶһͯϴ
ͨʣڵõ˱Һϴ󣬶Խɱżţпɱ콾ʡǲΪ棬˼顣
ɴˣҲ֪˱Һ
֮Уʮܶÿһʱ䣬ǰȥȡ˱Һ
һֻϻһö˹Ҳһ˱ҺֻһʮֻϻҲ˵ʮö˹ֱʣһ㶼֮ǰĻƽ𼶾ʯҪѷɫ
ƴ֣ǲƴְ
Ц˵
ȻɲܾԵģԼġԷһߡ
꣡
󣬵ڱҲŴ򿪡
ֻʮֻϻ
ʲôѵ˹
ͯǺĿЩϻҪ˹Ǿķˡ
ӦòǣǵĻֳֻӡЦҡҡͷ˹ҲûгɣٴóһֻϻֱӴ򿪡
ⶫôǵͨѶơһ
ͯʿһĨ֮ɫ˵
ǵģֵģȻһͨ嶼һֽ͸ľɣ棬ܿзµĶЩ֯һ𣬹ճһѤĻƣһϢ
˼սȻֶĿƼĴ췢
һ˿ʣԺһѶϢ鿴в𺳡
սµ˼ǣǵսսʲôֵ֡ν⡣ı׼ʲô
ͯʲɵһʱѾս塣֪Ÿоһ˿𺳣ϾɲͨƷҪ⣬Ҫ׼ȷǾԲ˵˵ѣӲܿЦҪȷ׼ȷսĺⶨ
£һԡ
ͯʿ
Ǿԡ
Ц˵
սûΣֻǼ˵սֵѣûʲôΣտԡ
ͯʽһö˹ϡ
ڴȥͬʱһʹ漴һѪ뵽С
ȻȻĲһ˿ϵ˿ϵʮͬʱܿϷ˸գۼ䣬͸ĻѾֳһ֡
ս򡣡
սеõѶϢһı׼
ͳơ
ͨ࣬ѵûпǰսʿսΪһȻǿһ½иǿģȻԳԽֻ֣˵󲿷ֶһҡ
񺣾ʿսһһҡ
ϾΪһٵһǧҡ
ͼΪһǧһҡ
ླΪһʮҡ
ԪΪʮ򵽰ҡ
ô˵ҵսླжûдﵽΡ
ͯʿҲЩʣоǲ⣬׼ȷ
򣿺Ǻǣ㲻Ҫ⣬սȻ˵ܹһսֵҪȫ׼϶ǲܵ顣κʿսܱ׵ĺⶨʩչսʩչͨʵ˶øǿҪŷνսԺôĶ֪
пЦҡҡͷⶫΪһĲοԲȫŷνݡʵķšУ֪ڶ١ֻҪԸ⣬ȫսϵֵΪһ
ҪţǾͳˡ
µ˼ǣսáͯʿ˵
ȻҲȫãڻҰУԽ̽鵽޹սһսȫΣյǰܵĹΣաҲǷǲĺö
Ц˵
ͬʱҲһֻ
Ϲâ˸ֳһμ֡
սʮ
ʮ
ôʮȻ̽鵽ֻһ֡
ȻпѪһڿڱ֮Сֵľ͸һͨʿ࣬û뵽ļ˷ָĵز
Ȼʲôö
ͯĿãɫ΢䣬Ҫ̫⣬սϣɱУǾģʱп
ͻȻ䣬ͨѶϳһ⡣
һ䣬ͨѶȻֳһ⣬ΪĻǰ
ĻϣȻֳһ档
ǻǴ׻ʹľ󡣳ǰģǲŮ
ǱΣǷпС˵
ΣͬƵ죬Ľ̸һ
ޱȣԴݹ
ǲǳʲôˡ
ѯʵ
һԣɲָԤΪ
СٻڸոͻȻ̥ѾҪˣѾȥܷںӳǰϻ˵


1273 ޳
Сٻ裿ãϾ͸ϻܷʲôҪţҺܿͻִ
ϲ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ҫ˵ŮУк˭ʣǾСٻǹ壬屾а֮࣬ˣ֮ϣ̥˭֪ʲô仯˹;һϣϵСٻ̥ϴһֻĹ
һ㣬֮ǰѾ
ȴҳԴзһ޳˵ӤԹˣһ㣬ȻǲܲСġ
Ѿ裬ҲԵǣʱ᲻ᷢʲô仯
ϢѾ
ٽڼټԭɡ
ҾͲŹȥȹ죬׼һǰƳǡ΢󿪿˵裬лȥͺãҪǸȥδЩǡȥӡ
ã
׵ͷӦӥϵþܿɣֻҪЩ岿ҰӰɳǼƻǾΧˡɳǼƻɣЩ΢ĩ֦ڶѡ
ӥϣһЩΣ֮ûܹ׹ռĵطҲָҪ˶ãͿԵõؼǹռνͳε⡣
ģ֮ǰӥͥеõĽʮΪףɳڶӵ㹻ľգټϲǴͶϣԸ鸽˿ϲûȱڣңһ̶ϣϡٵĵϣʵЩɳǡ˿ڿԽǱͨˣҪʱ׷ϴԭȵɳǡ
˵
ռһƬ򣬲˵ռǾˡҪɳаܹ̤֮·ΪʿǿӵпԿ޵ɱޣӵʵսʿ£һĳɳҰе岿ѹǳɱ
ǱĬĹ̡ɷɱ䵽Ĺ̡
ҲǴ׻ʳ֮Իѡִܹܳһ˲ȥΪԭ
ãͰλ䡣
Ц˵ʺš
̧ۿգһ߲ʺ˲ͽڡ˲Ϣ䣬ѾʺУٳƳǶȥ
ǻ棬ܿģһصľ޴ʺ绮񷡣
ӥ׻ʳİͼʺȻɾͿӵֻǣıȽϴѡȻĶƳ˵㲻ʲô֮ɲͨġ
ˢ
Ƭ̼䣬һѾƳУڻʹڡ
μϣ
ܹŮ̫׷׹ݼ
ƽ
л˵ڿû˼浢顣һ䣬Ѿһǰ
СٻסĹȡΪٻŮ
˿̣ٻŮУǿڶַ࣬Ƿ
ܿ˿̣ŮѾۼٻŮڣһͦŴӣ̵ȻҲԶˡ߻ɻˣ顣

Ůе׷׺
ʡ
СѾĺͯû۾鶯ֻӣԵЩƤУϲõ˵ģ۵ģֱ벻ϲѡ
ڶŮ飬ҲѾ·ߵĺȵؽеʣ
˵ţſ˫֣ͳС˹
Ǻǣãã飬ʵĹŮøʱ
вӿֳһܰŮһһǵա
ô
תͷѯʵ
ڷ䣬ոսȥûжãŶǾḻңСٻõΪʣĻӦòκ⡣أܿͻϲѶ
˵
Ǿͺãܴ⣬СٻʱϾǲ֮ͬ˽ϣֱʵĿ̫ߡҲûϺӣʼռ֡Ҫһӡ
׵ͷٻŮڣеǴڵġ
ٻŮдһʹ
ȻǴ֮ҲСٻɷ򣬵ȴûȨΪһλĸ׵ʸԣûֹ
һҪĸƽһҪ˳˳ǧҪ⡣ǧҪһµ˻ǹеѪá
ص߶һߣڿл૵ѾϲŭԱһ̶֪еĲж󡣼ǲƵĵز
ֵȴḶ́ϼΣĵûа취
һֱܵԡ

һʹļٻŮлص
ʹУͻȻ䣬ʹϿգ׵ðһƬŹֵƲ㣬ƲʲϱãһʱһʱףĪ⣬޳Уƺɢ޳Ϣ
Ȼ䣬һڰٻŮС
ۣ
ʱٻŮڴһӤֻʱһֿµĹޣҡͬʱд޾Ĺ֮·ʲôµʹ˵һ㡣
󣬿СٻĺӲǷˡ
ȾЦ˵
ԥĶۡ⻰һ֮УܽСٻոյĺӡ
ԽˣǱԽ󣬶ңӵʵļʾ͸󡣡
߼˵
СٻΪ壬µĺӣǹ񺿣ʲô
ϲ£ϲ£ٻΪһλС
ʱзŴ򿪣һ¶ϲɫ˵˳һλڴ׻ʳ˵ͬһϲ¡ֵͬ顣
£СЩ⣬һۡ
һ˳˵¶һ˿
û˵ʲôԥľ̤˽ȥ
ڹУСٻһ԰׵ڴϣȴϸֱķ飬˿̣ȴǵǵĿǰĺӡǺӣȻڰС
쿴ǵĺӣ⵽ô¡
ɫ䣬ǽǡ
ϸȥֻӤڱãһʱ仯Ϊʵ壬һʱ仯Ϊãʵ䣬ϵıã·ʱпܻʧһң۳ʵʱǰɫģһ黯ʱֳĺɫƺҪûɫУʧ
ı仯ϳ֡Ҫж졣
ֻǾʣ۳ʵʱˣ黯ʱǹ
»˵
ˢ
ʵ֮ıã˾ŴΣճʧȶ֮ľء黯
޳֮壡
ԺеֱӸֳһ֡
޳֮壺ؼ֮һһ֣Ȼ컯ɳ£޳ؼ䣬ֽƽ磬޳֮壬ͬޣκ״󡣾ɢģ޳ʴ£޳
ȻһּΪǿʡ


1274 Сް
ഫظ֮кڰ޳
ڰ޳ܹ֮ռλãȻʵ⣬˵ǵʾ޳֮壬ɳû䡣ȥ磬ֻҪǳֹ꣬ǲǶκεطκյؾأǶû⣬Ҫ˭ĻǣǾһѲˡ
Ҫ֣һܽԪг
𿴺ڰ޳񲢲ôһʵ֮УǶǿߣ֪ٹ侴ηмӡǴͨ߶ǡ
֪޳֮ǺεǿЩʥѷɫ
ãããȻ޳֮壬ǾȡΪ޳޳
׵ͷЦ˵
ֽǺӱڻУСסͬʱһѪĸӦĳСһĸӦ
ûãûܸһλӡ
Сٻ¶һ˿˵
ŮãĵСް
Ц˵Ůһûʲô㿴ڶãҶСްˣ䣬Ҳˡ
˵䣬˶е޳
ʣý޳𡣡
ɻգգ۾леӤϲ˷֮ɫһãԺͶһ飬ڻʹУɲˡ
Ժãǽ㣬ԺҪչǡ
Ц˵
ãá
Ҳգ۾Ϻ
޳ĳɾͲСȻǴ׵Ũ񣬶ǻʼҵãзǷʡԲҲЦ˵
׻ʳΪһ˳ǽΪʳ˳Ѿ֮£˵Ҳûа취ȫƺף˳˾ˣ纣Ϊ˳֮Ļ壬Ȼã˶Ҫƽѡ
ɻˣˣڵ޳Ҳˡ
硣
ģŮҶһͬʡУû𡣡
ٴ˵

ʱüͷ΢΢һ£һַڸ
£ôˡ
пĵѯʵ
񡭡Ҫˡ
¶һĨʹ֮ɫ˵
ʲôʱ򣿡УҲɵ¶һ˿֮ɫϾͷԸ죬¹ȥһöȣ׼׵
ߣ졣
ŮҲٰ
Щ飬ںǼ죬Ÿʱٻǰ¹
Сٻ
дһ˿ǸĿСٻʱӦ߲Ŷԡ
ȥɣûʲôҵʣܿͿԻָʿֲͨˣԪָܿġȥ¹½㡣
СٻЦ˵
Ǻãȹȥ
׵ͷ޳ȷСٻߣӥϵõһ˹̺˱Һںͯϴ裬ǿʣǵЧһʱ䣬԰ŸǽݡһЩ̡
漴תȥ
¹˿̣¹ҲǹŮܶڹУһʹϴ
ǧҪ⣬ĸƽһҪĸƽ
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컹Ǻӣϲϡ֪ܲΪ׼һӡЦ˵
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ǣȫӶˣ׻ʳֻҪлڣǾܹı˳֮ΪʿޱȣҲ˵⣬ֻǻӣǻʵۡλûа취ᡣԣЩں
ѽ
ʱͻȻɫһĨ԰ףзһʹס
һʣʱŮĿϡ
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Щ㶵Ŀǡ̧ͷһգƺҪ̫ǲǴ߳ġҲ̫ˡ
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ҲЩŹֵ˵ͷϸֳһ㺹顣
ǺǣʲôӣӦϲȵŲŶԡЦ˵漴ͷԸȥͻطǹŮҲŹȥ
Ѽڿɾֻʣˣ㲻˵ҲҪڽɡ
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ڵĺ£ȻͳŸ¡ûҪļ
ᣬ檲ûио̥Ҫףڲϼȡ֡ҪӦûһʱ䡣Ц˵ӣʱȻԽԽáȻҲҪ˳ȻΥعɡ
ͬʱʼ裬ȷʵЩ⡣
Զڸʲô˲֪иǿκεطҲտ
ֻɫ޷ɢ
쿴֡ô
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һƬƬ¹Ʈƺŵڻص£ƺһֻѩ׵ڵҩ
ۣ
¹Уֻ¹дһСޱȣöſʹ滨š
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ٻʢ࣬󣬿ĺҲͨˣֻҲͨ
ȾЦ˵
ԽˣͲ֪ʲôʡ
߼˵
ϲ£ϲ£ΪһλС
ʱзŴ򿪣һ¶ϲɫ˵˳һλ
ãһСް
¶Цݣȴ̧ۿգзʣΪʲôҪ˵ءǲСް̫ءôһ룬вЩꡣ
Щ˼˲ͱ׵һߣ߽¹С
ȻԿһ۵ŮӤǰģºһ˿˿ɢݣֱܿӡˮͻΪ顣ŮӤȴһ鶼ûСգ۾ڣĴۿüУƺܿһֻת
̫ã塣
п¶һĨЦݡʣͬǿ£һ֮䣬Աأʱ䶼ܱ⡣ʮְԵ
ȡְɡ
ĿŮӤ϶һ˿ĸԵĹԡ
ͽ»»
΢󣬶Ȼ˵
»»³˼£ͷûڷ䣬ȥǹпǰɡﲻҪչˡϢһͺá»Ƚҡ
ǷҲѾ֪
Ǻãȹȥ
Ҳûа취ܺ˱˰һ¶ͷ漴תȥ
ڷǹС
ڳֺ󣬷ǹϿպȻҲһп쫷粻ϣƺҪһ籩
ѵСް
а૵


1275 ĩ
˵ʵڣһĸСްҲоһŨŨĶ⣬ŪɶأСްļδҲ̫˰ɡһһⶼļˣ춼ŴˣټһǾһڴһ壬ʣϢ
籩⺢Ҳһ㰡ʱͬҲǻƽ
絮֮ңµʱͬҲΪĻƽʱʣ᲻ϵ£ҲǴ
ΪոյطϣΪΪԾʱ̣ȻȻܵ׿пܣܶܶתޡ
Ϊʲôسʱ򣬸ֶǳΪƵġ
ԽǵǵʵļʾԽСʱѼûмҵķײҪʥļʣȻСĿ
˵ɻҲǸʱ
ϾӵгʿʱǱ
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ʱֻڻʹУһϣ̻ͷϲ֪ʲôʱ򣬴һյձñޱĶи߸衣
ôΰӣ׸һ

ҵСѽСްô㶼Ӷ࣬СůҵѣĻ𣬻𣡣
̻ʵĸڻʹƮ
ǲһ鴤оǰСްĿ񱼶æ˦˦ԴĿһ̻ʣöձñܴ䡣
߽ǹС
ȻԿһŮӤôڰգ⣬쫷תȴûжκ˺·˵ޱ׽һ㡣
֪Уڣ˫Уƺܿһ쫷εķ֮ԴԴϵĻ˫Сһĸо
֮壬ͫǷ籩֮ۡ
̤ȥʱҲŮӤϵı仯ɰľϾѣңǳ˫УͫͬԼһǱȻҪƾŬɱ䣬ûа취ġ
ûãûܸһλӡ
Щ˵
ȻŮӤĿУĸԵĹԣʮŨϲȫûһ˿١
˵ʲô˵ŮһŮģĵСްްҴңǵŮҲһ㣬֮壬ͫߴ䣬ǱضһŮ
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ԼѪãûпעǴ׻ʳû˭ܱǸֵΡ
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Ц˵ͬҲһ˿ڴ
з籩ʸ׽ڷ磬ɣԣҲϣԺһ֣ͽзɣ׷壬ҵĵ幫
΢ϡ
壬幫ֺл
ڿо׽һ¶Цݣ˵
׷壬幫
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Цŵͷ
صܡŮеϲȫԱģϣÿʱÿ̶¶ЦݣȫܸܵáţʹУһƬϲ֮
ּλͬ죬дװգɳ֮Уÿȡһסʮö
ϲãԼһܣӦ׻ʳеİգһͬܡ
ʥּ̼Ѿ׽֮ڡ
ʥʵ̫ˣû뵽Ȼһ֮ڣλС𰡡
޳»幫Ǵ׻ʳе飬
ҪΪλ׼ȥԸΪԸԸҴλܽƽ˳ӵգ顣
׻ʳڵİգǷĵĶλ棬ףУǸмȫ޷ݡ
ҲֻУһˣͶ°շŸ
ףҡ°գġ
Ļϣʲôɲηӵ׻ʳ
ղǸ׻ʳȻһȫµĻʳΪǿڣǣܲΪ֮ЧվڸۡУգǸ̾˵
ǰЩʳ˵ͬ죬ǲ˵һ˵ѣҪǶ°շŲǼֱǲܷ顣
ΪһĲ־޴⣬ÿ˷ʳʣǶôӴһ֣˲Ͽ⡣ԣ飬붼ȥһ¡Ϊܡ
ֲܣڴףȴǿܵġ
׵ʵ̫ˣںУģŸףЩô׵ʴʳϣոŵģǲǾţһëѡ
ȴȡ׻ʳ޾ġȡ°գøǿһЩ
ǿǿո
ȻȻǿҵĹ鸽
Ļʳֵ׷档
һµ̧ۿķ

֪УѾȥʱ䡣
Щ죬ֻŲŮҲ³ļŮܰʱ⡣
ʱѾҪµס
ͬµҲζţǽļʱҪ꣬Ҫȥ漴ʮꡣ
Ѿʮ¶ʮߡ봺ҲǶ̶̼ʱ䡣
֮Уһɳڶϲա
ܶնڿʼΪڶ׼
ܶնеĹ׷׷£ԵͽҲɳǡڵѪΪÿ⼸죬ܹĿɹ
սսʼء
ڸɳУһϵĴӴ̤
ɢڸصسҲʼƳС

һƳȻȻĴ׽򡣲ޣߵӥ˿̵Ƴǣ½ϣں֮ϡããһƬĴ󺣡
Ŵ׽ķΧɢ֮ƳƶҲȻȻӵ֮ϡпܳκһƬ½ϡ
ų
һ׷̤С
ڼҵƳ壬ͫ|ȵȣһسԳڳϣ໥棬ҲЦݣ¶΢Ц໥̸һƬŨŨϲɫ꣬Դ˵ǿǷյһꡣ


1276  ħ
һͳޣңֱ߳ޣ̤㺣򣬽½ͼ֮ڣķΧС˺ü˿ڴﵽʮʮڵĵزһ˳Щǰ޷飬֪УѾߵһ
μʣ޽룡
Ⱥ̤С
漴֣һΰڴ
λƽ
׵ͷ
Уν˲żüã˲ţǰһΣһγᣬҲһδ󳯻ᡣʲôǴ󳯻ᣬһ㶼һ꿪ͷһβʱеĳᣬͽ󳯻ᣬĴ󳯻ᣬسҪԣ۵ĳȫʱ̡
λбɲࡣ
ڴ
Ǵ󳯻ᣬȻȺҲֻǹأ޷ϵ˷׷óЩɳ޷н⣬ֻõ񳯻
Щ⣬ܶҪ⣬ֻҪ˵ȻȻľͿʼңڶ̶ʱڣѾ׵Ľңȫǿеġ
ȺȺȻҪȵ˶Ҫĸȫ档
ܶ⣬ȻȻõ
֮ϣڣΪۻʣһʮʵ顣ܶණҪķѾ˾ͻΪ׵
ȻɵḶ́аͲԶڡڼȨʲôģӲҪġ
ǰһ˵£Ҵ׻ʳѾǼǻ¼ڲİ˿ڣѾﵽʮǧԤƣڻҰ֮УǧδǼǵաУһﵽڶࡣԤƣ꣬ĵ
Ѿܽᡣ
׻ʳŮɷޣңԽ࣬׻ʳĲԽ࣬ŮһִͳһִС񣬴׻ʳڿ˵Ϊȫģ󲿷ֶ׳Ů֮ˣٵġ
Ů֮䣬ȻȻľߵһ齨µļͥټϴ׹齨ͥȻҲϣԼĺͬάϵе
ԣһУĳֱô׻ʳ˿ڵԴ
⣬Ļ˿ڵпܴﵽӽʮڵľ˵ز
Щ˿Ȼ㲻ʲôʮ꣬ʮЩǴ׻ʳܹô׿ٷչ׳ÿ궼дɳú˲ţԴԴϵĵάϵǴ׽ĵ̡
ܺãֻҪܳɳҴҵɳɡ
׵ͷ
ʮ˿ڣ֣֧Ŵ׻ʳţٴռݼ½أսǱ˿Ҫ
£֮ǰǰƳǣҪϣƺţ˵Զ½غҲ뿪ˣţ˵ĩһˡ
ë쿪˵
⽻飬ţҲӴѯʹʲô飬ûеõ𸴡˵ҪȼвŻ˵£ȻҪԴţҲ֪ԼһŽ顣Ȼ֮ܵ
ڳϣҲ漴˵˳
ţң֪ˡ
΢ͷ˵
ţѾǿԽĵѣȻǾûвĵ
Ҫ˵ҴУδһ⡣ڼͻȻ˵ͳƣ֮ڣв߰˿ڡңӢս岿䶼ѹѹڻҰУԸƣȴûУǷչ׳ȥпܻһЩ
ڴ׾ల£ɣһ岢֮ݽ棬ţ׽ҲнĲ峤ڣһֱ壬ల£ңͨޣ徭ɳǣûܵ
ͬ屾Ͳ첻˵в죬Ǿϱӽ˶ߴձ꣬ҵߡޱȣսǿ츳ɱʮ׺Ե
ʦ˼ǡ
˼Ŀڼ˵
ɣһķΧ֮ڡܽҴ֮УһõĽ취໥ͨ£ȫѪ屾ѪںϣøǿҲҴʵ̣Դ
ڼԥ˵
Уı¶Ҫϵ֮ڵ뷨ܳɹڼǧţ²ķᱮ
顣
΢󣬿˵
ʱȽѹȥ岢˭壬һ㣬岿䲻״ϣܿһߣӲҪ˵ţйҲ׽мӡóȻѣҪǴȥ׻ʳ
δӰ̫
ȻԸˡ
Ҵ׻ʳ֮ڣɳתѾ죬գѾΪʿ̤֮·ռҲʼת
ƳҲ˵
ż£尵жҴɳǽп̽УħְϮգȡѪɻǡһЩָҽɳ֮ڡ
ǰһĿ˵
ħֻǺôĵӣڻҰҲͰˣȻֽɳǡǻòͷˡ
ǰ˵ĩҰնɱħ
⡣
ЩħϮɳǣ¼ѾΪӣҪжƣ֮ѹȻݱɴ
΢飡
徫Ѫħͨͨ
УȺߣУǾһƣ׻ʳơƣԳ׵ϡ
ЩħȷʵҪѹά׻ʳȶְ֮𣬿Լȡǿߣţڸڼȡ徫Ѫ֮ħɱ⡣޷ϱͨͨ󹩷ѹ
׵ͷ
ӡԽԽȶſĽҲԽԽ󣬺֮ܶǰӡħƿӡ䣬ħ£µǣЩħʮ΢˵ֻһֱܡһѰʳıܡܵȥɱ壬ɾѪȡꡣ
ʶħ֣ΣӾ޴
ڣ׻ʳڣȫȫʿЩֵĵֿΪǿ󣬲Ǻܾ޴󡣺ܶħһɳǣͱɱ
һЩΪħһΣ
ʶħЩǻ۵ħƺԵЩͬ
ʱ󣬶пܻΪħ֣ʲôԭûܹ
سҲ׷׶ĸܡ
ԣ׻ʳɱϵͷǸңͼ󣬾Ҫһ㡣׾ڵͬøӷḻƣָ˴׵ĸ


1277 
һʱ֣ս
󳯻ɢȥ뿪Ҳʼ׼Žһһȵ磬һʢ磬ռݵĽ࣬򣬺еĸֺޣǶڷϡ籾Ҫ׽ڸʳز
󣬵ڶ졣
ǰ˵ˣţˡ
ˮľ԰֣׼ƼȡҪͣЦ˵漴Ը˵
ʹ֮Բ԰ӵ԰ָ֣Ķط羰νӦоСʹһƬءޱȡ
ˮľ԰־һ֡
һֶصľĽ죬Ǻһˮͤ鲼һˮϳȣĲ֣ճѤɫʡ
羰أˮһɫ
ˮľ԰֣԰УһͤڣѾ׼Ƽȡ⿣һݷݣǺкϵĶʳġ
飡
ûͤе϶ãߴһ󼱴ٵĺֻԶ԰λáһӰ˹ҰһߴɢҰϢţ˭
ֵܣţˣʲôˡ
ֻţŸͷˮϳϣ
ˬʵЦ
ϣȻԿŸɿݵһѿ֦һڱϣȫһҰеԷûж
ţ֣ȻˣǾеĹͣҪʲô죬£ǺȾơ
пûбֳʲô벻меЦ˵
֮䣬ƢϣҲţѡȻ岻ͬ治࣬ѣĸҪѣֵܣһӶǡ
ٺ٣ţ㣬ôֶܿ˵ֵո˼ŮռһЩ٣壬³ϴõġܹǱøǿ˶һʣңⶫֻʹãЧã䣬Чͻǲ䣬һ㶼Ǹճͽϴϴ´͸
ţЦ˵
ǺöжеһƷķĿܡңʮֻһ糤һͯϴֹһ磬һ֪öٺͯϴ񣬾һʳĺ
˵ţҲǰϵٷ£žǰǰһӵζȣһЦˮҪˡ
ʳԶ޷񡣡
ţЦǺǵ˵
룡ĲܣȳԲ˺ȾơƷʳ
ҲЦ˵
ʳ
ģɶǶʳÿһݣɢĶصʳ֮⣬˱Ƕ룬ȫеĿζڲϷڳҺ
޴Ϻз裬ˮϺȣзưÿһֶ磬ʳָ󶯡
ƣǶſĶſ
Ƽȡһ𣬸һּ°ܡ
лţһԣʱͳԵֲ˼ȫʳ֪С
ʱͿһӵʳѾԵһƬ⣬βʣ
ζζ
ţǸ̾˵ֵܣܰӣҪﳣסˡ
ţԸ⣬УǾס೤ʱ䶼ԣҪԣֱҾͿԡЦ˵һʳڵٴεõӡ
Ժֻ¶ٳԵˡ
ţҡҡͷ̾Ϣֻ֣Ҫ˶þҪˡ
ţʲô˼Ī׼ҪԶС
üͷһѯʵ
Ҫ뿪ˡţ̾
뿪֪ţ׼ҪȥٴѯʵѾ³ţԶУ˵ԶУǴ뿪ޣǰ½ء
ֵܣӦ֪ޣ΢۵һǣ嫺Ҳеһѡ̨̫Сֵܵ϶ԲʵǣﵽߵĲΡ½أ֮һƬȴǶһ޶ġǾبŴ½
ţ˵˺֣ܶһ˿֮ɫ
بŴ½˵˵ĶģΪ½ӵйޱߵĵޱߣǿ壬بŴ½֮ϣǿ̨׵ͷͬ¶һ˿ء
بŴ½ô֪ܲ롣ֻǣ˵˵˭ûа취õبŴ½ľϢ̫ء
˵بŴ½֮ͨϡӵһ
Σû˭ܹ
ڵлûа취ȷ޷֪ⷽϢ
بŴ½ȷʵģΰҪǰبŴ½ңңսʿǿߡ᳷룬ǰبŴ½
ţɫص˵
بŴ½ٺδѵǰبŴ½귽кѯʵ
بŴ½޿϶ޱңԶǹȥǿ϶ͨķʽġȥ޷بŴ½
Ҫ˶ãܣᷢٻ꣬ͨǰبŴ½ԣ´ڼ棬ǾֻبŴ½ˡţ̾Ϣ˵
ȻҪٻǻ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
ģبŴ½ҳ綼ȥġһԲ̫áٴμ棬ǼѾԻӦòţֹĿİɡЦ˵
ǰبŴ½ûжټʣΪеˣôǰبŴ½ǿ϶ɳĻٶȣԶڵġץסȫлһɳ졣
ֵ֪ܿ
ţͻȻ˵
Ըꡣ
еͷ˵
壬мΪԶļأഫ֮ͨ󣬵ãھѪѪںһɱѪķҲ̳ǿѪҲݱȫµѪԴԣҲܷϣڣѪ
ţ˵Ȼеһش˭ʸ֪ġ
ȻѾӱʣܷǾ;ǿ֮壬߳ǵĵ·
Ȼû̫ȣֱӦ˵ĸо
Ҵ׻ʳûн忴˹
Ц˵
ϣֵܵĴ׻ʳԽ岿еˣӽǾǴ׵İաţһɫ˵
ʲôҪ뵽׻ʳ֮У
飬еԣҲɵ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ô˵Ҫ
Ҫڸ׻ʳһޱȷĴ
γˣֻǲеǿսʿи޷ߣ£ģΨһ뵽ģֵֻˡ
ţͷ˵


1278 ڱ ԰
һսʿ׳ǰبŴ½ǺʣµĴ󲿷ֶһЩʵ棬ŮҲȥһЩСˣ޷档بŴ½˭׻ʲôȻҲԲе
ңεĴͽ϶һľԣĴۺܴܽԱҲ޵ģҲζţд
ȱٲеǿߣûǵ洦Ȼ뵽͹ȣشˡԣ£ţ뵽ģǰСԴ׻ʳȫԱ壬ǽ뵽֮Ҳδɡ
壬𲻴໥䣬ʲôѵء
ԴˣȻû˿ھôǰߣȻ˵һֱѣѪԸҴ׻ʳȻǻӭǨƽҴɳ֮ڡҴ׻ʳգͬȨܵκӡһ㣬ҿ㱣֤
Ǻ£ϵڱ
һܹջգɣô׵˿ٴαڵĲΣ֧Ŵ׼ţռݸĵ½ءȡĽ
лֵܡ
ţ˵ֵڣ治֪Ӧô졣ηٻگһǰ潫Ὺǿ߶ԲμӱĻȡĪĻԵԣţҲûа취ܾǰ
ٻǰȥȻдԵֻֻԵҪʵ׬ȡпܴΣգȣʲô
˵лҪ˵лҲӦ˵
Ц˵Ҵ׻ʳȱľ˿ڣ˿Խ࣬Ҵ׽žԽкôţӦ֪ҴɳѹҰɳҲҪ㹻˿ʵ˿ڲ㣬ɳǼƻȻ޷𵽹Чܴ졣ҴףҴȻһϲ¡
Щûǲ˵ţֵģʵܶ涼֪ԴȫǼ⡣
˵ãҲ̹ϡ
ٺ٣ЩɲܣֻҪտЩ˾ͿԣΪװҲûʲôá٣㣬гһգ˵بŴ½پۡ
ţЦǺǵ˵ƺЩһ㶼⡣
ʲôʱߡ
̧Ʊţңңһѯʵ
ʱ仹ûй꣬ʱҪ׼ʱпȥţ˵
ʱ㡣
ƽ˵
ԶУǰȥͱ
ãվˣȥˡ
ţЦŽһ̳ſеȥڴڵĺţеľҺȴһζûдǱߵ䡣꣬¾̳תߡ
ϲǾȥҴױûУƹܹ
пóһֻţ˹ȥװȻǸ㹻ţϺܳһʱ䡣
ţȥıӰаԳ˸ĹâبŴ½һ죬ҲһȥģʱȥľԲֻһЯ׻ʳһǰȥ򡣡
بŴ½ΪģΣ϶Ҫȥġ
ֻڹȥǵȴģԲʲôʱЩЩԵܿȴûʵȥȡԣǰȥ취ǿĸҪ
ΪʲôͻȻٻǰبŴ½ѵبŴ½ᷢʲô˲õĴ仯ʲôǿĻԵ
Ժһͷ
Ҳ޷õ𰸣بŴ½һȫ˽ľأȻûа취Ʋ⡣ֻȷһߡ
̫ȥ

ʱһΣ֪ѾϦ֮ҹ
ϦǾӭ£Ҽһ԰һɷһڴǰȫɨĹһ´Ϣ
飡
ҹȻʱ
ƳϿգһѤ̻ա
Ļ棬ڴ׽ڣһɳмܿһ̣ޣԿߵ쵺㵺ӥϣһ̻ͬУţߵӥϣ̻ʱ󻶺
һöö貵̻ҹšֳָ̻ܶܿѤͼҹбüΪ貣׻Ϊҹ졣̻ȾɫʣϲϢ
ոռ׻ʳİգԾĶԴһֹͬԭȵ貵̻УһɨգܵԼѾӭδǰȴ
лףл׻ʱ£û뵽ǾȻн죬ĳϦڡ
û뵽йڵһ죬ʱ䣬ĸһΣϣΣԶ
շĵĸ̾
ڽһУȫᵽǺεȵ֮סֵȥǻȥػ
ȥȣ׵İͼøӾ޴
ʹ֮ڡ԰ҲԲ԰ݱ˿̣Բ԰ڵһ԰֮ڡһε԰ʮأΪˮҲк԰֡ܣһƬ󣬵Ȼ⺣ȻģȴֻС͵ĺ棬Ȼһˮ
ڹУˮʶ̾ᣬܱǺɺ解Ʈҡ
԰Ȼǰ嫺ˮ𺳣ͬҲĽ׵ֳֻһ㣬԰־ǼΪɹİ
ˮʮ־޴󣬿ɴʿ档ʳȡ
νֱͨӴˮ
ò˵Բ԰ԭȵԲ԰ͷԵɱ䣬Уɽˮһ԰֮ˮԾǰԲ԰ûеģ˿̣ȴԲ԰ͬء
ˮĲ˼顣ഫУǾסˮڣˮĸ𺳣￴ˮ쾰ɫѾǲС̾Ϊֹ
Ҳμӹ磬һΣеصΪ𺳵һΡĵطʳʢ磬һֵûζľ
ˮС
ԿһѾ׼õϯ棬Ѿϯ鲼ɽ亣ζƼȣǶ˱ǣи׺ʳڹâҫЩʳ󲿷ֶǺеʳĽ⿡ȻҲ½ϵģ½ա
ûʲôǲϲõġ
һһ΢ЦС̸š󲿷ֶǴ׵ɳ֮
һ˱һΣҪ̫࣬ͼɳǣɳ֮ޱӴ󡣴˿̻һ𣬶ˮ̾
׵ĵ̹Ȼǳġ
ƺȻҲһλϣ̧ۿܣܿеɺƮиֺеΧζȫһ硣ʵޱȡ
˿ȫһָܡȻͬᡣ
λΪϦûݵλ֣֮ҿɾ񻶡ԸҴף첻ϣԸҴףبų档


1279 ƹ ʯ
ԸҴף첻ϣԸҴףبų档
ʣ
ˮڣ˷׷վͬĺɫǴһָ߿뼤дݳδϣ
ϣҲĿꡣ
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ҹ粻֪Ѿҹʮ㡣ڴǾӭµһʱƳǻڴ׻ʳɳУͬһʱ̣̻ҫ񷡣ҹ׻Ϊҹ죬Ѥλһ㡣
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˵
ʯĵĴڡ
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ڣҲûõŵʱ򣬴ȫڵĴ׻ʳá
ֲȶţ⣬ӦǽʯĴۣǿд򿪵ţȶ޷ôڣôڵǱӵб˴˵ꡣ
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һ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ܿƽԭƼսʿֻǧ֮ࡣ
ţ֣
гƽԭϿգ֮УţӰ


1280 ب 
ţ֮У˵ڵ֮УλȻͬһ㣬ʵͬĲΣ˿̾վ֮£гʱҲӰʱһЦ
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ģһҡ
Цŵͷԥĸ϶Ĵ𸴡
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ĿһƬ޴ĿյϣǿյУһ޴ļ̳̳һšţǾͳ档
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1281 
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Ҫ̫ȽΪһһӡĻԼʱֵɵʧԡֻҪ¶ǾԿ̽׺׵İ
аԳ
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Ȼǿη׺ԭڻƽʱҪǧʱ̵ֱֻҪʱ䣬ֱһ룬ı仯ν
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Уһֻֻͺʱ¡ʬ˺һѪ⡣ģҲģХ۾ų⣬ʬ壬ʣǽﵱһ񻶵ʢ֮ء
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1282 κ
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ҪͨϵĻս޷ԳԤ⡣
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̺ԪоŨҲ޷޷֮ȡ
κڵ˳ϲܲٽΪǣκȨЩҲ壬м档

߿ٿڽһЩ鱨˵Ȼܶ඼ֻǴκ֪飬ɶԴ˿̵˵ȴٶ˽⡣
κȻǲܲ٣û뵽ξȻܲٵĵ̡˼
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ܲʲôǿڻʷΪҸˣĪ˸ҡĻ˵ĳԿɼһߡʷϣܲǰʼûгƵۣ֮ģȻ·˽֪
УϵʧȻ˼ɵĽκΪϡ
ңٺеˣܿ;ۼһĳ佫бǿӲ󣬿ԭʼĻۣǱǿʵն̶̼ʱ䣬ʹ´Ƭٳκ
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ȻκûͳһκݣԴκе˵ѡ
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пѯʵ

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ҿǲܲһԱ󽫣ȻûеԲܲ٣νĹ˵ܲȥʱǱʹѪ
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սͬСӣʵڲܲ£Ҳλжսʮǿ
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ڹ߿Ҳڴκ֡
ԭκУܲٴţֱԴϺɨҰֱҪκڵĻҰȫƿ֮ڣ䣬䣬ޣնɱޣҪΪκеİգٳһƬȫѪֶΣ׼岿֮ͬġձ岿Դκ
Ƭ޳κɳǣȻ󣬸岿ƿɳǷһɳǽʧءʧغɳеľȻǲҲ̶á


1283 
ӱ¾ŮԱ裬־߶˵ǻ棬̫ҿ£˵һ˵϶جΡ
˵κѾ̽κʵֻͻȻһصԮдսʿ֣սսϵľ淢ı䣬У֣ʹսϴκˡഫ֮ǿǿߣūá
ҪȻԴκʵǸһĴۣһѹ岿䣬һͳκݡֻ˵ʱ˲ãУ⣬Լôô޴ڡκþ棬׻һ
񣬲ɳǱơ
ݹ˵֮ǰڽˮ⣬κľ֮䷢һɱޱȣս֮ϣѪɺӡȻɱκʧͬ޴ʮսϡ͵Ϯˮǣòȷؽˮǣسǳأ취սսʿʬ
ϣһԣͻдİճǣΪʬˣЩʬ屳ⱻǿʬ壬Ⱦɲ顣̫⣬ҡɣҲǶսʿǵһ衣󶼲ð
ЩЩʬû֮ˡ
аҡҡͷ
ʬ˵ְҵ֮ԻᵮȻͼʬĹУԴʬȡһЩ˵һЩöȡСջΪսʿʬ壬νһá
κڵľΡ
пѯʵ
鱨ֻ²ֹۡɳǽʧأΪūܶѡڻɳѾʮһƣǴκҲˡ
ȻҲоǺֹۡڵľƣΣڵϦҪǶԴκи飬ԲܲһģºܶնҪ취ı·ȥˡ
岻ʹû䣬ӢҲԶұǰС
ип
пɿϢѾǰһУŷԮ˵ǴʵҲ˵ܾȴκΣ֮С
¶һ˿ڴ˵ȻǴκΡ
ų֣ܳɹδؾͲܰξ档תΣΪ
ϣɡˣ֪嶼Щʲôˡ
пѯʵ
Ҫ˵ܲһ壬ν˲żüãңܲٿΪӡУӹŻûС
ֲاܰáܳ塢ܡ޲Ǹг֮ܡݼأܲٿһ˶ʮӣ˸ɽֹ岻ѡ
еĲֲǺųƲŸ߰˶²ʮռݰ˶֪ѧϵ츳жߡ
֮£Ӳֲاܳˣǲ׿˵ΪߣǿսѷɫܼΪ壬˲żüãĽ
Ľ˵
ܲӵģǲࡣܳɲŵ֮࣬벻ĽѰ
󣬹˵κһЩϢò˵ڣȷʵʡ´ĹֻǸһǮƶѣȫֵһᡣ
ˣЩˡ
ƽĽǰҳŹһƣ˵
л̨ԺҪʲô󾡹ܿڣֻҪˮУҪʲôϢҶ̽鵽ҪʲôŮˣҶԸŪֻҪģûҲ֪ġ
ЦǺǵ˵
һתƺƤġ
ˣ
ʱǽϴһ߿սսдݳŨս⣬Լһֲҵɷ
սսս
սսս
һҵźڽˮϿջصȫܸܵнʿеǷݲ־
¡¡
һµĺƺڽǧڱۡ
ս׼ǽˮǷ𹥻ô
군ˣҽˮֻؾʮ򣬾ԤҲʮҾ֣ÿζԺ޳·󣬹ֱ಻ƣڱղűûơ
Щ壬ͻȡʤȫʤ֮䡣
ȥǽҾԲ뿴ǳرƵľƴһҪƣǵȴǵģŮ衣
үǵģϳǽɱ塣
аշ׷¶֮ɫЩӵͷŭսֱ̤ϳǽȻǴսɱҲҪƴһԲص
˼ȻˣÿЩʵΡ
Գȴûż
þƲѾˣЩƲô˵أɫϻеģֻǣζϣ޷ȣҲɿڡζ
Ʒʳսոտʼż
ȻԶ죬ʵٶȴ൱ˣ֪УѾǰʳȫ̳һա
ӳһöΪǮҲ̤¥ǽȥ
һ·ϣܿϾŵ顣
ϧܲȻ۲ŴԣĲ̫أȨ̫֮أػ㣬ӵңӦò£ȴûнţͨҲǿĻᣬ򣬾ٳǶʿսӵиĻᡣһִСˡ
Ŀãҡҡͷ
ֻһϣԲܲٻЩ̫ͬġ֮УⲻԣԵ£ȫȷֶΡ
Ļ˵κľ棬ᷢԵת䡣
ϧھ򣬶Ѿˡ
Ҫǻ˴׻ʳǸҹɳǣеؾֻҪԸ⣬ɳھΪȫԱĲսû˭׹ռ׵ɳǡҲǴ׻ʳܹѹҰĸԭ
֪УѾ̤ϳǽ
ܿǽϣս׵Ĵκʿǣ¶һʱ׼ϢĿᶨվѾ֮⡣ǰʲô
¡¡
ھ𶯣ܿԶ߾ͷѹѹһƬ˳ϯϸȥ˳ֱǵأݣһ𣬻ΪһƬµ޳ÿһֻжĿ̵⡣飬ʵ̫ˡ
ԽˮǶԣ޳вģսϣ޳ֻʼڻҶѡ
ȫ׼
׼
ħ׼
ˢˢˢ
ֿ̧𹭼޳бȥܼļ籩޳У޳޴˺޵У˻޷ˣû޵̤࣬ʬ޴档
ܼĴ䣬ÿһ޴ޱȣ׳ײУһȥ޳кһǲ˼顣
飡
ԵĻǼ̨ϵħڣԾʯΪһȥ˲ͻΪһ貵ڹ⣬֮޵ֱӾͱƬķѣѪⶼҷÿһǳǧֻ޳ױݻ١
ħڣķ


1284 ħ
ÿһڹⶼ޴Ļ֮
Ȼ˶ķѵǴľʯÿʱÿ̶ҪľʯΪעħУ۾ܿһööʯΪĩƮɢһ̣ʯͲҪĵٶֻ࣬Ҫܴģɱ˵ˣһĶֵõġ
飡
ˮǵķʩȫħڣͶʯһ޴ĹʯһȼʣΪһöö޴Ļ򣬺޳У޲ǱǱȼմȾȼʺ󣬿ȼաΪһŻ棬Ĳҽ޳вȼޡ
޳ûг嵽ǽ£Ѿ
ɱɱɱ
ȻЩ޷ֹ޳ĲܿѾʼǽλá
һɱУսܼıȥͬʱЩϵǽϵİգ׷װæҲ𹥻ЩգΪʵϹƻȻܶɼɱ޳УҪľ׼ȣֻҪȥȻȻУҪƫѡ
¡¡
޷סЩޣо޴Ĵɽֱײڳǽϣ³ǽӵнƣңõĲ϶ΪӲʯϡڴɽ׵ײ£ҵĺӲײһ󶴣ĴĿġ
÷ǽܷ
ҲûлңƺѾй飬ٷԸȥ
ʱͿһööٴȥǽ£Ĵ󶴣ۿɼٶȿʼϣѸٻָͬʱǽϻдƬð˳ǳǽóǽķ˲
ײڳǽϣȻóǽҵ𵴣ƺʱҪһȴʼûбЩޱײԼͷ­ѣԽ䡣
ϸдɱ
޴в˱ץ˺ƬΪһѪ
ȴûжԳǽϵӰ죬ƺѾϤǰ飬Ϊ顣
Щκʿϵս˵ǽϣͷ¹ǹսĻնȥһֻֻޱնɱƬʬ壬ڵ档
ڳǽ¶ѻԽԽߣƺҪǵΪƽءǵʬǣһѪ֮·
ˣλֵСˣʬǶƽǽֱӳϳǽǴκ󲿷ɳǶƵģûտء
ɸӢмӡ
վڳǽϣڳǽϵĴκʿҲǰԵͷսˣڸǣǾӵе־׹֮
һ䣬ֱû£սУٵĶܵʬ巢ɡɺεȿ£ǵֱսսϣʬ壬ͱһգΪУѻɽѾƽǽʬͬգۼʧ
Ѫʧˣǻ棬ͷ·Ǹһ㡣
ףʬˣôʧˡ
ûɣЩʬôͻȻ֮ʧġ̫ˡ
̫ˣûʬ·Щ޾ûа취ɱϳǽǽˮ˵صסܹɱҿɱѽ
ǽսʿǾҲãɻʬͻȻʧ飬ȻϲּġЩʬв̫ˡ
׼Ŷ̱ӣһҲɱû뵽ܷ·תռݵ֮㡣ʱħڷķ𹥻һڹᴩءϽ޳俪ޡ
룡
âһȻ䣬һͼ֣ٲȻһͼͼУһֻ޴룬˸ǳâҫֻۣҫ貵ǳâϣǱãճĹ켣·ǳжͨɢһֿµ׺Ϣ
ͼͼ
ͨ뵶
ͼУԿֻһԾڷɳ˲䣬ʱۿɼٶȷͣգۼ䣬ͻΪϰɵȻ
˲ս޳С
ȻԿ뿪ʼǶԵۣ˲ͻΪһƬӰ޾ǹ⡣˸˲Ϣ䲻֪гٵ
ۣ
֮ѪʬǷܱɳȥңǱиһϸСƬЩѪƬƺܿСͬģ˲ͱʬǧҲΪ
⣬ȫһŨѪ֡ڡ
ǵۻٶȿ죬ƶٶҲΪˣڱϵͼϱǹ⣬һöһöҫǹ⡣ÿһöܿϵϢ˲䱩һڣٶȣ޴ۻģͷ·һǺ۹켣
ܲ
µǣΣ̫죬ǰһ뻹ڶ棬һ˲ͳǰ֮£ɱ
һףףޣǰͨͨȫûл֮Ľ׵ޣȻиƬ
Ľףླ
ÿ䣬֪ж޵֮£ȻӲ޳ĹΪ֮һ١
ֱ֪ȥãʧ
ϣֺܿϣѾֳһ԰ףڲƺֳߵļʩչͼͨķѵԪǿʮ־ˣÿʱÿ̶ھģͨԽǿҪķȻԽӴ󡣳ģ͸֧֡
ۣ棬Ǳ䣬֣磬һͼһؼĵͣһ𣬿쵶һҡ޿ɿ⡣һֻʮ뵶֮¡
ĿãͫһĨ֮ɫ
ͼͨʮְԵ
ۻΪֻۣںϽ棬޾ķâټϼ磬ûӵٶȣ磬ǣ֮Ǳ֮Բϱں£˲ư㣬ûһͼͨרΪɱ¾ڡ
ȻǱлǳûƻøǿ󡣸ӰԵ
ڶ̶Ƭ̼䣬ֱ¾ʮޡս׺һͿ
ò˵ƿֲ
µǣɢϢ޳в޷׷ױ˷ʼ̽޳߽⡣һϵ塣Ϣѹơ
ǴκսȻֱͨӱ޳Ȼֻǿ֮ĩ޳ҲǱѰϧսҪ
УͻȻһӲĹֽ˻ƣŴ̶
ϸȥȻԿһֻ޴İ׹Ǿųգһֻ޴׹Ǿͨɢ˪֮ᣬƺҪˮɱ
һͷ˪
ڹĺϣȻվһӰ
һڰ׹ǷȣͷһаϢ
ħ
ɫ࣬б³һ
ʹκ֮һħٻĲսϣֱǻȳһ㣬ǳرݻ١


1285 麣 ɱ
ɫء
κսϣΪµĲ޳޳ֵǾһнݣӵпȥĿܣɲħȴܻۺ飬ԴԴϵĳ֣𹥻ֱ纣һûһСϯһУݻһС
ңǣ㽫õ
ħ³һ
ߣһȺӵĲΪˣԸʶ䡣ҪôҪôսҲҪҲȾ졣
ҺԥķЦ
ͶħԻԼľȴҲ޷ԲһֱѣԴûϿ±ʡҪףҪѣⲻܡ
ãȻˣǱȻǰͶ󣬿ɾɲˡµĿʼѡ
ħûٿȰ˵Ľ飬һʬô򽻵
׹
ħûгɣڴκУӲͷʵ̫ˣոյϰԵΪѣһ޷Ȼٳɡ
а׹ǷǰһӡȻԿͷͻȻһصĻڻУȻԿֳһƬµĻ棬׹ǣ޾İ׹ǣгж̣дϸ飬ͬһƬ嫵İ׹Ǻȫ޷浽״Ŷٺǡ޷ֱЩʲôĺǡ
ݵģģġƺؼĺǡ
Ƭǣѻɽ
׹УݳĺХƺʱ׼˶ʳƬ׹Ͽգһɫʮֵˣޱȵ䣬˲ҫڰɫǺУԵɭɲ
ȫһƬȣ硣
ͼȻǲ顣ͼ˵ɭɲ⵽ô¡
нʿ𾪵૵
Դ֪֮ºͨ˶һ˽⣬ͼͼͼΪһʵĻңŶͼϴ£ͼпܻΪĶ죬磬һ䣬ͿԷӳױȵƻҡ
ĳЩ붴͵ϺͼڵĿռ䣬ʵĶ졣
Ȼͼ׹ͼһܹޱ߰׹Ŀͼ
һ֣ۿɼٶչգգ˴Ŀģвֵĸоֹסð
꣡
꣡
ڰ׹ͼչͬʱһĹײϿյɫһɫ»ҫޱߺ֮ϣʱЩĺۿɼٶ໥ײϵһƴճһ߾߰׹ãЩõͫ¹ҫ£˲ȼһŰɫ⡣֮
һ߾ߣԴԴϵ
ãá
εãͬҲޣϵĴӰ׹˳ƺԳ˯иոһ㡣
ˢ
׹ͼгһɫĴţǴɢ¹۶ɡһ֣溣ֱӶС
ţЩôͳڽˮ⣬Ȼڽˮ棬׹ĺͼֳɫУ̾գôǸ½һ⣬ͬҲڳųȥȫ޲ĸǡҪޱãˮǳûȥ
˽䱸׼ɱУ
һ췢ŭ˫ĿһƬѪ죬еİպܶ඼ͨˣûûɱľ飬һãڿ־֮£Ѳֿ׾ͻ˲أѪɺӡ
޹գɲС
поһɲǴҪԹ۵ġЩòûз۵ף󲿷ֶ񺣾ϾΡֿ
ƿ̣
ԷһϺȡ
ʱͿǰһڳƿڽˮϿգתշܿгɫڽ任ƿλãƾճһУУݳ޷ݵǵأ˷ųȥ
֮Ϳ׹Ĳãһ⣬ͱʧӰ٣ȻѾƿɽȥ
ƿдݳ̫ǿᡣླ޷ڱƿάסΡӲҪ˵ЩСñ
Щж٣ԴԴϵƿС
ʱгһֹĻ档
Ӱ׹У£棬һֻıƿȴ޵׶һеã̸ͨͨһɶһ߶
ô
Щãöֻƿˡ
ñƿʲôôöߣ˵̫ϾƿɴΪŨˮĪǸƿһı
ˣи˳֣̫ˣǽˮҲǿءЩĲ顣
аձŵ඼Ҫ뵽Щɱоڷˡȴû뵽ͻȻɳһֻƿЩͷҶȥˡһ߶û䵽ϡ
ʲô
Ŀãͬ¶֮ɫˮʲôӦòʲôصǿ߲ŶԣȻҲǾԣҪĳλʿҲûпܵġ
˭֣ǿ
аɻһֻƿǿߣѾﵽо̾ΪֹĵλʵǿԶԶһֶͨͨﵽֲεģԲͨͨ
ôܡ
ħĿã¶Ȼ֮ɫ
еñˣҲһ̵

пűƿзһȡ
¼䡣ȻԿƿڳɫ⽻任̫תм䣬һųɫ棬ҡһҡͻΪ棬ƿеÿٱ
лΪУȫȥоںһ

䡣
ڱƿںȻݳһ
ǴС̡
öá
ϧƷʲ˵㣬õ
а̽һ£ЩõģֻһЩһתĶתתһöûС
˭뱾ԡ
ħеͫھⱻ̵ãͼۣͼе޾ǣҲƾճֵģʬΪ޾׹ǣ̵ֱϲһͷ
ʹ궼ʹ
˶ûпʧ˲أֱǴûз顣

û˵Ӧģֻ߿һںڰɫļƾճգƿռ䣬ΪһһŻƳա
˸
һ̣
֮䣬ֻһ貵Ľš
꣡
һУԿڱ˪ϵĲħֱӱýӲţһͬΡ
֮ڼ


1286 
һɱ
ħһླĲǿߣô˼ĵڽˮ⣬ǵûƿˮǣ̤ˮǰ벽ƺƴһƣôıһֻƿһڼ׾ٵĽˡ
ǡô¡
ҵԣһ̣Ҳɵıô㶣Ŵͣǲ˼ı飬ոǴˮǹкǵص麣ǵֵסпʧأܻİգ֮١
û뵽ȻͻȻðһǿߣ̵ãֱһͽħɱˡǺεȿµʵʣԼǾԲӵǿ
ʩչͨҲһ޷֮
λӢ۳ֽҽˮʮգһĳлᵱлҹ˵ųз
Ȼϣ˼һ棬˵ԶԴκڵΣվһ棬ĻɾһٶáΪκ´󹦡
ڵĴκȻϣǿԽԽá
ϧҵĺûдκεĻӦƺ֮ǰһУֻһѡ
˭֪ԲǴ
Ĵʬ壬ϢʧѪûڵϲ
ʮֹ졣
Ȼûھͳ֣ڻֱӱ¶ݵʱ򣬴κıʣԷͬһ㣬Ҫ˵κľٶŭǿߣŭĻδЩ̫ǣǿҪϣȻҪǶĵ档棬໥һ𡣡
һκȫƣĺôҲߡκ֮УҲûǿߣ˭֪˱ӱƼ˶ҧˣӲҪ˵壬ܳΪǾǿĵ̡ɱһǧ˰١˭ɵӡ
Ժпתͷ
ڶԣڴκһЩϢ̫ȱ֪ѶϢ࣬Ĳ²⣬ȻҲ޷ֻ̫࣬һΧڽƲ⡣
ȻҪǱ¶ݣͨңֱӽӴܲ١
ڻʱ
ڰУܿĶ

ʱͻȻ䣬дһ߿̧ۿȥǼľ룬ܿڴκϿգһ޴Ľɫдŷŭ
κҪ壬ɱУ֣һ֮УһŰĺƺֱӴз
ƺƵκ
κˣ
ͬʱܿһս׵̤գһս޾˲׵Ŀֱӡ
ǲܲ٣
пйâһҲɰ̾һ治ʷۣʻƣǳˡǹϢʮŨҡһһУǿ档˿һ۾ӡ̡ǡ
ϣҪЩ彻־սôѵѾȥˡ
֣ΪʲôҪ֣ҵȻԸϣֻҪҵ̫΢ͺá
ˣϣôҽ־ҾֻҪɱ壬Ҫǵʲôԡ
֣

κУһʱ䣬׷׾֣νȡǶԸȡԸ⽫ܲ٣ƳʱɵΣµĶ£ֱǴĿģ޲ʹ޲սƴ
ҪȡвӦġͬʱҲڵǣһ⣬κ군ˡ

κշ׷׾ֵʱ򣬺ȻԿϿյĹƺУ̾ϵĽɫۿɼٶȷǡڲܲͷͬʱֱܲڡ
ͬʱٴηһƴ
κڲ֣ܲ̾⣬֮࣬Х֮£䴫£˲䴫κʳаնС
ʲôط
ܸܵһŨҵս⡣
֮ܲȻų޾⡣ۿɼٶȷգۼ䣬ʹﵽһֲ˼ĵز
ླԪ񾳣
ɲǼ䣬Ϣƺܽطơ
գۼ䣬ԪУܲٵﵽΪֲĲΡ
ܲ٣ǰ㻹ҪηôǿЦ˳֮ΣʼղԼģ֧һʱ֧Ųһ
һ޴̤ա
ϸȥͨų貵Ľ⣬·ǳȵĻ棬ϴݳϢһɫʨˣʨϣʨӵòѾʮƣ£һɫʨëǹɰȫͳ˧޵չɡ
쾡¡
ʨ̫ΪҴκ׸ôҲܲԸʯ٣Ҳв壬
ܲٶȻ˵һЦ
ȴȻ
ǰʨжô¡
ɸɣУм壬磬һ壬еһ壬Ум½ս֮½ϣսɳң޿ɿ⡣
壬һʨһ壬Ҳ֮Ϊʨһ塣Ϊǵëǽɫģ·̫һ㣬;ǿ֮ӵ֮磬ηߡܶȺԶʨһʮֵ𾴡
ʨ壬Ҳĳ֣˲䳹γɿµս䱾սֲͬɱη޾塣ҡ
ĹκҪˣҪ
УȻԿһ֡
ǹһȴʨӵʨ档ϴһֱ䣬ܲ٣¶һŨŨɱ⡣ɢδʨ֮¡
ЩܹմȾġǽҪȻҪѪɺӡ
һź۵Ӱ̤գһڵѪľ޴δϡһǿҵɭ֮֮С
ʨ棬ⲻǰؽʨôȻңԴκô¡
пͫһ
Ժпһͷ
ݼأʨػĹػߡǲ뿪Ĺģȴ˲òֲ²⡣
ߣϻ˵˵Ҵκû˵ĶûбأûĹҪսǾս
ܲɫ࣬к˵
ɫһ˿ᶨ
˵ûǾûС
ȻҪǱһ̡
Ǻ˷һЦ漴âһԩӵϸ֣Ϊ˲䴩գŲܲüĶȥƺҪһ̴


1287 ͭȸ̨
״͸޽ɣ
ܲĿãзһߣдϺȣţͿͷüλãĸֳһͭѵӡǣ˸Ĺâһ·𿴵ǿͻȻ򿪣ſڹѷ죬ȫɽȥ
漴ͳʧһ˿û
аֶΣ֮ܽ
ܲЦ˵콣־ͳǿһһУƥ̺һ־˵Ľ⣬ǽУܸܵ˺ʯķâµǣдݳһ档֮նƺգ¶Ȼǡ
ɱ
ʿһɱ漴е裬ŲܲϮɱȥ
ս
ʨһڷп裬췢һһֻɫצ֮צ˲ܲ٣Ҫܲٵ˺Ƭͬʱðһβͣɫβ˸̫Ĺâл渲ǣۿɼٶȲ죬ϱ䳤
˲ͻΪһ޴Ľɫޣſ񱩵棬Ųܲٳȥ
̫𣡣
ʨĿãһĺͬУɫĹâ֮һֿµĸоʮ
Ҵκ뱾ԵУ
ܲɱ䣬ȴû¶˿Ļңƺǰľ棬ɲ̫޽⡣ܿ⡣һ䣬ȻԿͷϹâһһ޴̨ͭƾճ֣ڸ̨ͺһ޴̨ͭڸ̨ϣȻԿһֻɫȸ̧ͷ죬ƺʱҪչ߷ɡ
ͭȸͨϣһֶϣΪͭһֻɫͭȸ
ͭȸ̨
ͭȸ̨ϣλһֻɫͭȸͭȸȴֱ̤ڸ̨ϣ̤һͭϣͭĶˣվͭȸ֦ͭϣȻżƷ̣ͭͭͭŵƣͭڷз
һͭȸ̨ȻǲܲٵıܸоҲ챦һɳȻǺʵ鱦ؼǣͭȸ̨ɢϢѾﵽ챦ĲΡ˵һ
ͭȸ̨ڳֺ󣬶ʱͿһͭշ𣬳ʨȥٶȿ磬ͬʱһͭƿշɳһʨ֡
ͬʱͭȸ̨ϵɫͭȸһХ䣬źʿɱȥ
¡¡
һʱ䣬Ͽմҵĺһ⽻鲼գȫ޷ľֻǿһನɢȥ˲Ĵسѷ죬ɽ屻նϣй˲仯Ϊҽ
һսƬ֮ãգԿĸվֻܿÿһ϶ԵЩǱ
ܲ٣ûʶʱһЩκһ
۷Ц
ĹҪŭκؽΪһƬ⡣
ʨַĻ
زסأҪ˶ãڵġʨЦ
ֻҪս
ܲǺõ˵
ⲻꡣ
ʨȷ׷תȥԴˣܲҲûмǿϵɲԼģʱһͻʧʱǿߣľͲǰˡ

˼ȻǿֱɱĹô£ô¡κ̫ණû¶ֹκӦҲͨԭ滹иĺ塣
Ŀãйâ˸¶˿˿⡣
ʣνĹ뱦أΪκѵҪԭĹļֵ嶼޷赲Ϊ˵õԲϧһдۡ
ͭȸ̨ܸоͭȸ̨ûг׷ӳոһֻ֣һ̽ѡڵȴȴĹһ̡һ̣վսʱ̡
аԳ
ڴκһĲ²⡣
Ĳ˵ѾһĨˡ
գЦЦתȥ
ʱͷ֮ǰڵĿջڿջпһ䷿䡣
ˣ
иոս뷿䲻ã洫һ
дӾѹһĨɫոƬ򣬲û̫Ϥʱǰţƺǳˡ
ɫʱѾʼҹ
˭
ƽѯʵ
ģѣҪ򱦱ôҪĻԽ
⴫һƺûһҪ˼Ż£ѾȻϢ·Ѿȥ
ûм˼
֨ѽ
˼򿪷ţȻԿķϣһڵ
У»صڡ

пϵּһ˿ȣ漴Ȼĸֳһööּ
ƾУ֮Уͨޣɹ챦ɲμӺᣬ֮У֤Ʒһ׼ȷҪһб֮У壬Ϊֻ
вû¶ֻ̫࣬Ǳһ׵гңһС
֪пɲͨĺС
ͬ׻ʳĺУֻͨжѣǰ˵ĺУȫͬļ̺ȫͬ
еõѶϢ֪
Уؼһڣڲƶ֮أҲԵһص챦ʲôԤ⣬ֻǣпƶ֮ᷢҲǰĺɫ
ഫܵõɫģһӵо˱
Ҳ˵еΨһ׼ǾҪ㹻ĸУӵ㹻ıҪȻżкأ˵ÿγ֣һط̫ͣã಻ᳬһ£ͳʧĵط
һ˵лĹĵطϲĹбĽס
˼ôǰȥУ֪еʲô𡣶ңԺУ˵̽鵽йδκ¼ĸԭ򡣡
аԳиǿҵȤ
ѵһ飬״
ˢ
һ䣬ʱͿһڵĴڷг֣һƬڣʮֹ졣˿־塣
ûгɣ̧̤˽ȥ
һǿĿռ֮ڴƺһ֮䣬ͿԽȻͬء
ٴγʱѾ̤һİĵص㡣
Σȫ޷Ϊܱ߶һĺɫ֣£ʿܿķΧʮޣʣ˷·ڹ֮С⣬֪ʲôʱ򣬸ֳһɫۣۡڵ
ֻҪϣ棬ܿ˴˵ݡ˵ݱϣѾ£Ȼѡ񴩣Ҳѡ񲻴ȫԼ


1288  
У
пǰ棬ǰȻһƷ
ƷһңϺȻֳֿ֣Ĺ׭岢ͬǣֻҪһۣ˭еĺ壬֪ʲô˼
Ķǧٹ֣еħ֣ͬĶ·ѱ棬ȻҲĪ⣬棬̾ʲôݶУʲôܶУĺУӵֹһƷֻҪǮȫʹĥ
һۿȥУҲܿǰһ޴ļС
ĺСҵҪʲôһ
ʶһͷ
漴ѵЦЦֻҪУȫͲ⡣
Ӧ˵ġ֪˭Ǻ֮ӵкеģ϶ͨʿԺиֳһ뷨漴ҡҡͷ޹أ֮ȫпܾһߣĴڣɲڵܹ̽ġ
߽С
ܿ·ߣһ̯д۵ʿڵ̯棬Ҳкܶʿڵ̯ǰ۲졣
Ԫ
ں߶ʱͻȻ䣬һ泤ӳУһҲ΢΢һǺôĿԪԳۡ
̲ס˹ȥ
̯ûμȻźۣȴܿһַ·Ƥһһͷӣлһֻڵ̶ڵ̯ǰһöö˸𲻶Ĺâǿƺʮֲ
ϰ壬Щʲô
пһЩ򣬿ѯʵ
ЩȻֻҪͿľԪֲģһöһĹ꣬꣬꣬ꡣʮꡣЩҪѷɫ
ͷһЦ¶ڵ˵
УԼԪʮֵƳ硣
Ԫӳʿô
ƽѯʵ
ԲԪ޷ֲԪҲ޷֡ͷûֱ˵
ҲζţֻΧڽֲ
磬񺣾ʿԻȡԪܶʿûа취ӵ꼫ԪָԭпͻƺԪֻ꣬ʮ֮ġ
ԪֲȱʧԪ
磬ԪļԪһֱ꣬Ż䣬վޡһ㣬ԪֲԪѾʮֲ˼飬ǲѷɫںܶʿ˵һջ
ϧԪвûжô
ϾɲȱԪ
Ԫôۡ
лǿѯʵ
ǮǮףһԪҪһöǮʮöǮ
ͷһЦ˵
Ǯ˵йâһȻԿһöѩ׵ԸУӨ͸˿ʡ
Ǯ˾ѵá
ͷͷҲ̰˷ܡ
Ըκʿ˵Ƕѵõ䱦ٶȼӿ죬ңĿΪ׳ܵ
ˣԪҲȱǿ˵
ƽЦЦ
ԸȻеǣˣȴûóȥԸҿɱֱʹҪĶ࣬Ϊֻһ˷ѡһѭãȫֹ̡
ԣƷԸʹңҲֱóԸ顣
򲻵ѡ
˵ţתȥ̯λȥ
ʱֿһ˼̯λ
̯λҲһ鳤ᦣдš֪
Լûκζʣһ鱨ӡרų鱨ĵط
ʲô֪
̯λǰǰ̯һλû¶òֱúڵףԵúء
Ҫ˵ʲô֪Ȼǲܵģ󲿷Ҷ֪ڷκе飬֪룬Ҫʲôܿڣֻǣ۸񲻱ˡ
̯Ц˵
һǿҵšţǷԹġ
鱨ô
йϵѯʵеĿģҲйһЩ鱨ԭ򡣺бؽκݴǿߣǸеǿߡʲôţСҪһЩϢҪ̫࣬ΨһҪģһЩǮƴ۶ѡ
һ鱨ʮöǮ
̯ƽ˵
ǮûУɲԡٴóңɫƶʣûʲôʿǰƽ
ûңһöһ鱨
̯۾һϵ˵ʣ۸̧˲١
ȴ˿ûоܾҵĴ㡣
ôĻңû˭ܾȫ̺ܿļֵ
ãɽ
еȻ˵κʲôܡĹʲô
ˣöҡ
̯Ц˵
ֱӸǮЩСǮѣֵһᣬûбҪƽϡ
ݿɿ鱨κڣһĹκһֱ취̽ĹҪĹڣȡбءϢĹƺ밣ķйأһĹ
̯ƽ˵УȴԵ䣬Щھ˵
Ĺѹ֣ѹֻʨ֡ǷĹĿԸߴųɡлȻʨŷĹȻ֪Ϊʲô棬ȻҪҵĹǷĹ
ǷĹǾ;ԲͨĹεСȥ
Ҫ֪ڲУͬĴ֮һֶΣޱа̡ӵеֶΣӹĪ⣬ó֮һȫ͵ͬһ֧ӴޱȵĲ
ܲĪҪȡĹȡбء
Ĺ
ٴѯʵ
鱨Ĺоųɰڴκ֮¡
̯ٴ˵
У
еԣҲüͷǶĵһĹ棬ܲٻǵ졣ҪĹһ˶˭֪Ĺǲǻ
һݻ٣κʣᱻ٣˻˶
Ϊʲôʱ۴κ֮ڡѵĹô
ٴѯʵ
׼ȷ鱨Ĺ˵ĹУӵ챦пܵʥ˭ֻҪõܻȡһ֧Ʒഫ̫񡣡
̯һ˵
񣬲ܡ̫ôڷĹС
뷨ǾòܣôܳĹУпܣһҥԡ̫˭ǿһܹʹְ̫ܵoӵеǿֲo˵ھ
пܣ̫С


1289 ֽʦ ֽ
һoĺģĵڣǾûҲͻoλϵȥ䣬䣬пƾ´е֪ǺεĹ屦
Ĳ˵ĹдϢбǱһֻɵ̬ȡ
Ȼ˭ܷϣǷĹǿ϶ĹдžƸ䱦ҲӦôأһܴеõôʣһɳ죬Ϊ磬һǧ
ԣ֮ǰʨʨǺ۲ǿߣеһֶѣ֮ǰļսͬҲֻһ̽ѣڰеǿ߻֪ж٣Ҳǲ֮ܲ䣬ûг׷ſֽţಫܾˣձ˸̡
ζЩ׼ǰĹء
ٴѯʵ
ڶԣ壬壬ҹ壬ħ壬۾壬壬ɽ塣ڻû壬ûоϢԿ϶ʱԽ۶ĸǿ߾ԽࡣκҪǲ۵ѣ𡣡
̯˵
ʵ˵֪ȷʵ٣ֻҪѯʵ⣬ٶȻش
˿κȷʵ޷סǳ⡣
аԳвûзϣڰеǿһȫ֣ǴκŵƣҲȻʹҪֵ̫ˡ
̯ѯ˼ҲתȥȻǮƻûģߣһѽӲӵҡǹâҫۣһ
һĻҲںܶ˫۾ע֮¡
ĿеȤȫǲڵģֻнֹ֣˭ƻءй˭ҪǴǿǻܵµĳͷ˵ں֮ʱǿ߲عҪǿǿͱзɳһڿڷɵ˲иһƬƬѪƬ
ĴĿģʮֺˡ
궼ûвֻתֻضȥ
Դ֮󣬾û˭ںƻء
йȻʲôƷУܿаڷŷģг۸ĵرġһۡ۽󿪡
ͱһ̯ǰԵú֣ŲˡȻں۵£˭֪˻Ǳ塣ﶼû
ֻ̯ͬȫں֮¡
ǰһ鳤ᦡдšֽĹ׭塣
аաֽʦ
пͫһԺһͷ
аգʦʦƷʦЩļգָļգͬпΪǰеı졣
磬ֽʦֽʦƤʦʦɻʦȵȣһۡÿһֶж֮ܽ˻ȡеԴӵжصͨ
ֽʦͿԽַķֽ֮⣬ֽԭȵĵرգԷãȫµķ̶ȵĽʡ³ɱҪ֪ܶϣʮϡٵģһƵķˣҪǴзֽϣǼֱǿ˵һҹ
ֱӾͷˡ
ˢ
˿ֽ̣ʦǰȻһ޽ֻ޽Ƕϵģڽһڣ֮һȻڶϽѾǱˡĽѾĽṹҲøӴսҪǼûж
սѾǷƷɡ
ԿֽʦִӶϽһĨУֳһɫĹââУݳصĵϣֵ£Ͻʼһ飬Ϊһĩ漴ͿѾڰС
ͭʯ
ĿãһĨɫ
ЩǶϽ̺ĲϾڷֽȻԭʱķȻҪٵĶ࣬ȴܹ׼ķ̾ΪֹãȫǱΪ
õĶֽ̽Щϣֵһϡеıģʮƽʱġ
ֽʦȻ氡ΪȻ˵ļ򵥡ֻһֽ⣬üֵ˲ʮʮ
ܵΧ߷׷׵һֶΣʵ̫ˣ浽˸о˼ĵز
˵ҪΪֽʦ뿪ٳϡֽ⡣ֽͨķֽʦÿһǱ̬ûԸǴ򶷣ַڷֽʦǰǼֱͬֽ֮ܽԭʼϡǷֽ촷ۡ
ǰ˵һǿ߸ֽʦ򶷣Ȼ󣬱ʮָԣĶ౦ǿߣת۾ͱ⵰зȫһѵĵرʱǿ߿޵ɺӡǱߣӴ֮󣬿ֽʦתߣ˱ᡣ
ܣΧ߿˵
ֽʦĿ£ʿУǾͻǣʮֵײУЩдʿֽʦĵ׷ˣԼıһ̾ͱһѲϡ
ԣֽʦڸأǺߵĴڡ
˿ǰֽʦĿܿһԵüΪ𾴡ʲôð֮
ǰóҪֽƷֽһϺҲԾĸǮȥ
һ۷ֽʦ漴뿪пûҪֽƷЩķ󲿷ֶɵΪˡǿɱȷֽʦҪһûС
˼Ȼ绹ҪֽʦǴ׻ʳжûеְҵҪŪֽʦĴУ˵ΪҴ׻ʳ·ֽʦС
аԳ
ʣֽʦĴڣΪ׻ʳʡ¸ģֵǷ
뿪ֽʦλãʱͱһ̯
ǵ̯ϺȻڷŸָļֽֽֽƷ
ֽˣֽףֽţֽݵȵȡ
̯һһ˸İֽɵĽֽ޼һֽˣ·ֽţڼ£ʮ档֮󣬾ôһĨֽ˴һȻͷڵ̯ϡ
ֽܸܵ϶ദһֶصϡ
ֽˣֽ
пǰĺʿѯʵ

ֽ򵥵ĻӦһ䡣
˵ֽˣвǵһο׻ʳֽ̽ͬһּֽļֶΣײֽУûֽУõļղࡣ
ԣ㲻ֽ
ǰĲǻʵ
ܽһЩֽô
пѯʵ
ֽˣֽͨƳĿܣԻΪֽ˿ܣ䵱ʹŮÿҪԪά֣ԾʯΪԴ
ͬսֽ˿ܣԷӳս䲻£ܷӳǿɱ
ֽףԻΪɺףշУٶȱշҪ첻٣ʹʱԹעԪʹõĻСĻʮַ㡣
ֽǧٶȾˡ
ֽţֱӿԽգ쵽ΪңԶľ롣
ֽڽܵ
ЩֽʵѾݱĽȻͬ죬ͬСɡ


1290 ľ괺
ֽһ֧ߵľӣ׼䣬Ϳͷųǵصֽ˴֮ܺһУĿܣɲֻֽס
ֽ󴫳УһΪΪۣΪ
Ǽֽ֮ġ۾۳ֽףֽ֮ġǿģֽǿ󣬵ķѵʱ뾫󡣱ֽݣԻΪķݣҰ⣬ڷĺöЯ㲻˵вķҪֽˣֽʲôģֱӴ
ֽݻӵз֣ʵû
ԣнУһ˸ֽ˭ʲôʱͻᱻһֽ֧˴Χ
ΪֽͬҪϣĵġֽ磬ͨϡЩ˵򵥣ʵҪѲô׵顣
ҪĹ屦ΪϡѵáͨϣҪͨ鱦Ϊϵͨ鱦ʮϡ٣Ҫҵѡоѡ򣬺ѳɾ͡
ԣְܶҵΪϡٵġ
塣
пǰĺֽѯʵ
дһ˿ƶ
Ҫֽ֪еĶְҵУںֻֽ֮֮ࡣ
Ҳ塣
ֽ̧ۿУĿ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ںУ֪˴ͬ壬һĪİ׽֮ͬ䣬ѡ
Щֽô
׵ͷٴ˵ҪѰֽףֽףмֽһţֽһֻֽҲһˣˣңٶУҡ
Щ죬˵ʲôʱõϡ
Ѱֽףʮöһֻֽˣʮöһţֽţһöֽݣһǧöֽ׵ͷ漴ۡ
ңȻȻܡ
Ȼܾܾ־ҡ
ԴˣҲûгɣ־͸ˣȡֽܿУһֱƾʧƺĳֻصֱˡ
Ǻȡ˰ա
вƽ׻ңóĻʲôɽ׵Ŀռص㣬ȫĻȻ޳ģۣｻף֧˰ɡ
ݶ಻٣Ϊɽ۸ɡ
ò˵еĺڣȻҵġ㻹ܲںܶǿ߶ԣṩƽ̨ǿģǴ׬ȡɣҲһԸ⣬Ҷ˵ʲô
οо޴ռ䡣
ҲǺдڵĸԭ
棬մ
ѣҪǰȥ뷨Ĺ֮¡пܣòҪУǿ߿ɲؽһδս
ֽңƺԵúܸˣ̲סһ䡣
Ŷ˼ô֣ȵҲ徳ڵĹôҲᡣ
еȻһЦƽ˵
ֽһĨɫȴûж˵ʲô
һŴѶֽףֽͨףҵҡ
ֽͻȻóһֻµֽסɫƺһ
ֻֽǰɫġ
׷ֽɫģֽɫġ
ƺɫֽͬ׵Ҳͬ
൱ֽ
뿪ֽĵ̯ʱһ̯λǰͣ
Ǵ̯ϣûбģֻһǾһľɳһ˸ĵ⣬˿Լ۾һ֮С
ʲô
пѯʵ
ҹɰ
̯ĮĻӦ
Ŷô
ѯʵ
ҹɰ֪вŻһֱģ˵ЩݣҹɰķջۣѻһıģʣҪ˵ķ㶼ûʲôԵġֻɱСҹɰ
˵ͫӵмĺôܴٽͫɱңҹɰϵɰǷӡа
ôࡣ
ң˵ϡ٣ƽʱҪĻһʱ䶼ҵ
ҲûԥһЩǮƣһںУòϣԺҪҪĻҲʲôҵ
Ǻö
ʲô
ʱбһƷͣ½Ų
ϸȥһ̯ڷżöг˴СĵѾʯʯ·Ϊ̫ԶѾ˻ʯʲôȻѿ֤
ʲôҲҴǧ׵ĵ¿ռھģʱЩʯдƬǣдݳܿ£ҹ㣬Ӧ޵ĵ˵á
̯˵ʱһоϢ֡ҪܽԴĻ˵Իһֻǿս衣пޡ
Уһ˿ƻ
Ȼʱȷʵһ߾޴ĺǣֻʲôܵϢȫǳóʱʯͷȫоκεϢѾһ
пйâ˸ûж˵漴ͳֽ乺
ڼ۸Ҳûжི
飬ȻеˣɱԴ̺ǿһѵõĹ屦ֻǱʯƤסһûа취̽鵽ѡ
аһͷ
ڸոգڵͨ鱦һʯ̽鵽б⣬ң汦⻹ֱûб֣ȻǺԥĹ
û鿴Ǽںι
ʱĿƷֹ֪УҲˮһֱ߿š

âһ£һɫŻ³֮ǰסĿջС
ط䡣¶һ˿֮ɫ
ǺУöǲ٣۵Ҳ̾ʲôСϧûıҲ㲻С
аԳ
Ĳ˵ٻȡ鱨Եֵκ֮С
飡
ּ䣬ӺйʯѾǰЩʯһöֻͨ鱦£ֻһö֣ĲûзӦֻǱȽϼ̵ʯͷѣУĲûȡóģһö
ϸȥг˸ߣһ͵ʯ
йâһն콣ѾУһиȥʯȻӲն콣ǰױпһʯƤ䡣
֪УʯԽԽС͸ڽʯһ
գۼ䣬гԴС
ǿҵı⡣
ܿһ̵ĹâʯƤ͸ԡڹâУĶоһ޾ãÿѪⶼڷõ
иٶڼӿ죬ʯƤһȦȦļ١
֪УʯƤп˲䣬Ϳһ̴̵ĹâȻȻųȥ鲼ݣҪ뷿͸ȥ
ڣѾв½ƣûܿǲâҪȻȻĿע⡣
Źâ͸ֲͬ˼ı仯
Կľ崲ϣͻȻѿ֦Ҷ£ױȻ


1291 ܲ
ľ괺
ĿãһһĨɫ
ܿУеľƷʼѿҶѿٻȫµȫһľ괺ľһʱ䣬Ҫ˳׸ɫС
ǿ֮Ȼֻɢһ˿ܲľ괺ľһöһ챦ʯ
аԾ̾ʩչͨɢ֮Ѹٷӡй
УѾ̽ǰöʯģ챦ʲôһ챦
ʯ̺һǿ壬ϧΪĳֱʣ޷̥Уӵеǿ֮һ־ںϵ仯֮ı仯۳һöʯ̺Ӵıʯ
һ챦
ò˵컯֮档
˾̾
ʯ֪һ֣ɢϢÿľ괺֪̺жôǿ󡣷ɳĮУɳĮޡ
ؼǣⱦʯȻޱʯеһ֣ȴһͬãͬһε챦ʯ̺ʯһ˷·ӵ޾ܵ˺̵ʱڻָ
ϱۿ׹ǿ⡣
ֲ˼飬ʯǰ׾ٵɡò˵ʯ档
ñ
а̾
ʯ챦̺Ӵ֮ӵ߻ӵǿĻָ粻𡣻ƽ׿ӵʮʮָٶȣһٱһٱָٶȣؽ׿һǧһǧָ׿һһ򱶻ָֻ޷Ԫ񡣡
ϸֳһμء
ò˵Ƕ챦ޱʯȣҲѷɫֺӵǼǲ֮һľޣ䣬ⱦʯޱʯһӡ
ҪɱͬҪɺԸ֮ԸʯơֻǣҪԸ̫Ӵˡ

ȻԿΧһɫϣһöʯ棬ɢصĵϣâ䣬͵дŹ
һöʯ
Աϵõ뱦ʯҲĴԼϡʯҲһֻҪԸ⣬˲ܻȡʯ֮Ҳеһŵơ
ڿ˿Ľö̵ʯСʯײȻȻľΪһ壬϶һöʯһһңԵöӵĴ䡣
ʯ󣬶ʱһɰ֮ڣѪУܵĸо񣬶˲ָ۷״̬һƣͶûСǰδеĺá
ܸ̺ܵѪС
Ȼʯ޵Уֻһֵƶѡ

ˣ
ڶ峿
һ
˭
вû˯ֻ˯ߣץʱ䣬֮Ǵϡϴĥ
ңˮؽðǰţӰ
⣬һֿĻϸһȻҵ
Ŷ
ϲû¶֮ɫȻ֣Ȼûп¶ټҲûڣҵҪֵ飬Ҫһϵʱ仹鲻ǲй
Ͼߣһʣûп¶ӡ̣죬ӲҪ˵ҵ档ֻҪȻܽעϡ
ҹʲôֵ顣
²⵽֣ҲΪ档
Ŵ򿪡
Կһװ߽УкٴιһлԮֻ֣֮ҽˮվͻᱻƣѪɺӵı³аգ֪ܻ˾٣ν
⻰ȫǷġ
κЩƵǳأʲôĺһ㣬ĺǲҲ̶ãǰգܻģָ
ԶڳֵУǷĵĸм
˵
ޣ첻ĳӦ飬Ҳ壬ŲϮ¾գֻǱݶѡ
ƽ˵
£ȻŲܣ֣Բϡ
ˣ꣬ҽˮǰգһҪܡɺԥ˵ݶ飬ˮΪ֮ġ
֪ǰν¡
еȻһЦҲûپֱܾӿѯʵ
һͳԲֻΪ˵лѡ˵£˼棬ϾڴκνǷƮҡǿ߼룬ǶԴκ˵Ǻô£ҲԶ׼顣
Ҫ
ҿ˵
ܲҪҡ
һĨɫ
֪ǿ϶ὫϢϱȥ֪ܲʲô¡ֶûԲܲٵǻۣ˵ѾԺв뵽һЩʲôҪȻҲֱҪ˵
ǵģϴϢ˵ǰһˡңڴ˵̫æ޷ȻһǰӭֻƲϻ磬˳񡣡
ҿ˵
ڵõϢʱ˵ʵڣҲǴΪ𾪣ǰû˭ܵõܲӵĶԴֱ˵Ǹ˼һֶԴݵλ˿Լ֮µĹ͡
ҪȻҪʲôǸܲٵݵλһ㡣˳֮һʿ޷Ĵ
ŶҲȥȻ磬Ҳ˷⡣
Ц˵
΢ʹӦǳ綼ҪȥġѾӺ˽һЩôҲûбֱҵܲҪֱ˵
ƣ
ʱˮϿգһ߿Хǳأаնڵһʱо
ڼеģҲ׷߳ݣա
ȸǴκޡ
˵ֻȸϻԵɺ»ȡģһֱߣκ󣬾ͳΪκޣǲģô
аճ󿴵׷׷
ȻԿһֻ޴ȸУˮϿա
ֻȸͷ­ӣһƬƬɼгβͣ·ȸ塣ȴûаΥ͸Сʮ졣һ֣ȻȻɢһѹϯη
ڣاðţ¡
ȸϣȻվһӡ
ܿһʳڣòգȻһ׿ʡӡ̡


1292 ܲٵ
ا
߳ջһ̤ȥȻȻ̤вǻ棬ͷ·ڽ´εݣֱվգλ˿ȸҪ͡Ŀ⿴վȸϵĲاȥ¶һ˿ɫ
ا˭ںУȻǧš
ʷأا˫ȫͨӰټѧ˵ʮاֲܲΪκӡʮ꣬ܲاةࡢκͬ꣬ǻκ˺İٶͳΣκ
˵اϽκĿ֮
Ұģܣһ֮ѡ
ˣ˭ҪǸСǿɲһ¡
ԣҲܿ俰һ˽ܡ

اУҲһĨɫ֮ǰ͵õϢҪǰˮнһصǿߣˮеΣġڿȻ
Ѿ磬ֻǰµǴκޣȸٶȼ죬ʱڷһȸǰ
اڷ롣
ãĳ͹ˡ
еȻһЦ漴һ̤Ѿ̤ȸ֮ϡȸ˶󣬺󱳿㣬վ棬һ㶼ûӵ֮С
ƣ
һֺȸĹŹֽȸз漴䣬Ѿתڵλƿնȥò˵ȸٶȼ졣ܿģһƿգվڱϣһεǿķ赲ס
ڱϸоϮ
Ҫл֮ǰԮ֮ýˮʮ֮һͿ̿ıҾ档
ا˵仰ܸܵõͬǷĵġ
Ϊıݶѡ
еȻһЦûжԡ漴Ҳاпյò˵اȷʵȫţ˵ʲô̸ܿǶԸʷ˵˽⼫Ϊ̣ѶϢ˵Ҳ䡣
ڽ̸УԾһ˿øС
ŵˣ˸ӵ׽
֪УѾ
пò˵ͨɳǲ֪ҪٱռݵķΧʮϰ˿ڲ˿ӵңеĽаֲУѾڳγһֶظ֡
һȻȻĻ֮СٲȻǷˮ
ԪԴԴϵĻУѹǬơ滹ΣһʱҲ޷̫ࡣ
ǽֹеģֻˣȸԣȻͬġ
ɾͽ֮
ȸٵһ̨չ
롣
ا˵
ܽҲ룡Цŵͷ뿪ȸ󱳡̤ڸ̨ϡһ£Ϳһл̤ϸ̨һ߰ңϸ۳סȻʲôӢǷһȥŭ
һ֮ңĿ棬¶Цݣԡ硣
ܲ٣
еһ۾ϳݣ֮ǰпܲٲɱӰȻܻϴ
ˣĳڴѾãѾڹ̨¾磬ϯ˵
ܲЦǺǵ˵УҲ۾һϵЦݸӵ顣
˵ܲ٣ӦֻĶԲţʵ۱ʣ磬ϲ飬ֲ;Ǹ߱ظʫġ顢Χ塣ڼ󣬲û̸ۣЦ
ѫͣǧ޹ʩֺ롱
ͬʱҲʷϵһμҡ¼ҡѧҡص˸ڡ
ãκһ濪ҲĳڴѾõ顣ЦŴӦ
ûж˵һϹ̨
̨֮ڣһɽ壬ɽ嶥˱նϣΪһ޴ƽ̨ƽ̨Ͻһ̨ϣԿƾ档ĿܱаƻƣɾУͬλá
ϵ̨󣬲ֱܲӻƿŮû¡ֻʣܲ˶ǰڷŵһϯɽ亣ζɵķʢϯ
֪Ǹγƺ㣬׻ʳ֮׻С
ܲٿ˵
УǰмǺڰеĻһǹɶصʣǱ̺ĵ֮ŨµİˣԲأͬΪ˳֮ҲӦĸӦ
ûм֮ǰǣڼ֮Ѿоųɵİա
κ⣬ƺС¶ѡǰҲֻǹûԴκ˼ͬΪ˳ӦΪգһƬ深ܵĿռ䡣
еȻһЦ
׻ʴ塣
ܲһȻܳκЩ֣֪κݸû˵ϢҲû޵鱨Ȼκ׻ʳ֮䣬ޱľ롣£ͻȻӴ׻ʳκݡ
ȻҲ֪УҪһһӵеķΨһȵǣлѡ뿪׻ʳǣǳˡ
ǧ֮ãУˣһʲô⣬޷ʱڷأɵĺǲһҲֻӦ˳Ŷԣֳ֮飬˭Ԥϲġ
˵ʵڣ֮ܲǰʱܵɣһҲҪԭ
ѵ׻ſٴšһͷڲܲԺзûпѯʣЩԾڸءغΣ·أʣ±ѯʣҲܿڻش
ԣܲȷ֮⣬ᶼûᡣ
ⲻǾΪһıݶѡеȻһЦ
׻κݣ²һĺõطϵ׻ʳհΣһпܣĳϣ׻ʿԿǾ뿪κݣѡؽκݣ̫Σգ׻ʣҴκֻ¾Ҫĩ·κпܽǰ
ܲһ¶һĨį֮ɫ
κľƣȻûܱηĹϢй¶ѾȺǿƼͬȺɻҪֵƾκʵ޷ֵ£Ըϣɸı䲻ʵȻ̣ܲýɱܡ
ֽǱ
ΪĵĹ
пѯʵ
ܲٵĺҲܸܵ
һĹܲûҲûıҪֻҪ΢Ҫ֪ԭ򣬻˵ĹʵһʼĳͺĴڣĹΣգķǲеǿߣĹУŴĲ飬һѣؽϯأ֮Ϳ̿׹ɽڣʱӡĹеķЩ޷


1293 й
Ϊ˳ѹӡĹĳկĹϷһɱǣѹĹΪֹЩ鳹׳ƻ
ϧ㲻㣬ƻԶϲϱ仯ĹѶϢɲ֪ΪʲôݳȥŪڵľ棬ֻûиҸʱ䣬ֻҪһͳκݣͿԽеϢй¶ȥΣʱҴκӦһо档
ܲйâ˸͸¶һ˿ʡ
Ǵκٳ˳΢ĩһۣһ׳󣬲ӵĹģܻڵաһ衣ԼѪһʹ࣬·ǧֻ˺ҧ
ŭʣÿʱÿ̶Ժи֡
һжڼƻУû뵽ȴŪһĵزֱܵҪѪ
ȻܲٱҲԣһ̣ǾԲġ
УǱʿֵ£ٲЩ޼ɵ¾ա΢󣬿˵
ʣʵƼʵûгԪ֮ϣǾٶֵ࣬ͨͨɱ
ȻԸæҲǿڴκյķϣܣ޹ģܽѡڱҵľصС
ûáκΣ棬档ܲЦҡҡͷ˵
˼ǡĹ
пһ棬˵
ӡԽԽϱſĹеķӡҲʼɶΪӡɶ¶Ϣг˯飬ѣһѣĹɢпֱӽǳ״ݻ١
ܲٻ˵
Ĺ̺Ž޾һй˲ͻһƬµ֮أ׻Ϊ顣ĩհľ
ѵܽǨƳȥֻҪǨǣ뿪ĹӦҲһѡ񡣡
΢
޷ǨƣʱĿľΪѹĹĹһʲô䶯Ĺͻᱬңʲôĺ˭ĹŲƷ޷ֻͣԭأ÷ֺ
ܲٿЦҡͷ˵
Ҳ˵ĹһģһĹ˲䣬ͻᱻݻ٣Ѿ޷ıʵܲҪԹѹȻٰͼ֮ǲУξĹһƽ⣬ǽĹջΪãɴκĵ̡
ôκпٳɾͻʳǱ
ҲֻҡͷȻ岻ܷŹκѾ޽飬Ȼһ취Ǩ
Ǩ˵ҪǨƳȥٲһⲻһɶ͵ģҪתˣƺȵȣһһϦɡʱִ̫٣Ǹ޷еġǱȻʧܡǨǶϷҪ׼һǡ
ȻڵĶκûܹΪá
κĿԸߴųɡ
Ϊֹܲٱڰź·˵תƲܼҵľӵܡгеİգڲϵİתƣٹһʱ䣬ȫпܱһճǣ˵սݡ
ǲִ
пѯʵ
ҲܲϲԸԿˣһΣҴκעҪڱǰҲԲñ˺ùǾͱֱơܲ¶֮ɫ漴УͻȻѯʵ׵ѣǷа취κеմߡ
Ҫʲôһ𣬿ܲ٣ѾԼ˲²⡣
κ԰κеЩ޹ģ;Ŀѣܲܣ޷ǹϰΨһģΪѰһ԰ҵϢĵطûгֵĻֻ취ܱסһ˾һа취Ļаն߰ɡ
ܲһ˵УóһʮֲҡڣϾһ˳ľµİգնûˣ˳ȻҲ޷ٴڡ顣
һҲζţҪκ׷
κ˳֮˵һļѾ
򲻵ѣû˭Ըô
ԣһ취ɴʱסڣ뿪⣬ֻȷҪôһˣκҪˡ
ɫص˵
пܣԸκܹɹѹأٴλȫµĻܱӸգ˵ž޴ĺôҪԽԽ˳Ϊṩӡ
Ҫǰټ̫󣬴κĻᲢߣܶһǿԶȶһǿʿҪĸӵҪ
Ѿ뵽ð취ܲƶ˵׻ʣҴκգȫˡ
ȻˣĳֻˡҲûоܾͬҲûа취ܾ׻ʳҪľ˿ڣ˿ڣֻг˿ڣ֧ŴԴԴϵŲŵĽŲͣ¡κİջʮң֣ջ̫ˡ
޷˵ܾ
Ǻãɰյ뾡죬ңԽԽáҪȻܲ׵ͷһ˿м
ûУЩգһȵκǾ˿˭֪ʲôж˴һжδ֪϶ֹۡ
ĹŻжûᱬ
иܵһֽȣȻʱ䲻࣬ʮֵĶݡ
ɰյʱ䣬ҲԲˡ
죬ңʱпܱʲô˭ԣ֮ڣܽȫɽȫ򡣷׶༪١
ܲٳ˵
죬ʱν൱ݡ
ʿ˵ˣпʱ͹ȥˡ
죬㹻ˡ
׵ͷ
ٲһͿԣ죬кڣпռڣҪգֱҪ̫ɣֻҪǲܣҪʱ䡣
ܲҲһģһ
׵ѣ֪ܷĳ˵˵׻ʳļšܲٷһº˶о࣬漴Ϳѯ
ҲģЩûʲôġŵ˵һЩ׵飬Ƿ顣׻ʳʮ˿ʱǲܲ٣ҲɰľΪ˳֪֮˿ڣһϺ鷳ҲǾ޴ġ
ʳԴöȡǶҪǵ⡣
û㹻ǿĵ̣˿ܰһ˳ֱɲǿЦġ
ɴܸܵ׻ʳĵжǿһ˳һʳ
漴˱߳Աģ˵κݵķ飬˵׵ľ棬嫺һЩ¡ȻȻڽ̸Уøʶ


1294 
ò˵ܲȷʵһλ˸ʮǿ̸ֹۣ˲Ծ׽֮УȻȻķеĽ䱸˸벻ɹѡκɾһ˳۲ŴԡΨһϧǣ컯Ūˡ
κסˣܹܲھϯ̸Ц֪ж͡
̸ãϵʳȲ֪УѾԵһɶйŮǰȥžͶϸ
κ𣬲֪κкδ㡣
пѯʵ
ԲܲٵĳǸ֪κԱס£ǿ϶ִУһΪ׼·˳֮ǿһ١
κ˳֮ˣֻҪ˳˳֮·Ҳ͸ŻΪУԺ󶼲ٽ˳֮ĵ·ϡ˳ֻһλᡣ
Ҳ˵ܲĴκҲζţܲٲٽµ˳
ȻҲ˵ٽ˳û·ߡ˳Ҳ˵һͻֻ˵˳֮ѡ
ĴκȻҪˣҲܲܲ㹻̵ļ䡣ģһûôȥͬȻ׳ȴֻú廳ţȴúǣޱ߿־嵱С
ܲЦ˵
ϴһ̣Գչ¶š
ʲôͬԸ⹶͵ǲǹƨѣųȥûУţԶɽ𣬿ԶԵ㹻ǿвˣһ˰ˣһ㣬ܲٺɲԸôŴκʲô
ʲôҪæģܿڣֻҪܼģĳҲ岻ݴǡͬΪ壬衣׵ͷϵ˵
κ̫Σգ׵ٵĴ׻ʳΪһ˳һʳԲܳκʧֻҪ׻ʳڣһǿľ֧İΣԶҴκҪҪĶ࣬Ǩƺ󣬻׻뿪κݡ
ܲٴο˵
׻ʳεõش̣һ˳һʳж֪׻ʳ֮ŶôҪĵλ˵еһ֧ڿ֧ȥ̣岻ˣ壬ͬǿߣ԰塣
׻ʳĿеһġֻҪĲеʼղϨ
κѾûϣˣȻܲٸϣ׻ʳ֧ȥøǿһ·˳֮ȥӸաԣǾԲܳΣգѾǷ籩УΣյĿ̫ߡܲٲŻȰ衣
ģĳȻȻԼİΣţֻҪҪߣκ֮Уû˭ܹסҡҪеΣգһῼȥ
еȻһЦµʮƶ
Ǻã׻ΣΪء
ܲ׵ͷ֪еǣѱҡ漴ƺǰıеһƣǺö
ǴӻҰҵĺơҲУƽʱ᲻úȣֻÿκһСƣϡƷҺƣͨɢһ㡣˱Ƕ룬Ϊ֮
Ҳ֣ǰԵ˵
Ҳûж룬̧ƱȻĺȥ
֪УһѾա
׵ѣôǷڡܲЦ˵
ΪǰĳҲƷ࣬޷ˣܹٴƷҲһֵø˵顣
еȻһЦеϲ漴͸оԴЩκģͬʱĪһȣ룬ҡҡͷ˵ԣôôңҵľܻġơ
Ŀ⿴ǰľƱٿܲ٣Լ²⵽ʲô
ͻȻ䣬ǰ֪ʱһӰ
ڶ׻ʺˣǰ޹Ϣú÷̣ɵ
ܲٻ˵
ߣһʮ߰Ůòʮֳڣһϣһ˿Ҳһ˿áС˿̲סǡ
ǣ
Ůҧҧ´ջǵͷӦߣֲ޹ȥ
뿪˹̨
뿪󣬹̨ϣاиֳһĨɫܲ٣ѯʵǲ̫ˣСڲʮꡣôС˵ǲ̫пˡ
㶮ʲôĸ֮ý֮ԣοΪҵģǷˣ׻ʣɱҪõĶࡣҲΪҲܼһ·
ܲЦ˵
һ֣վܵƺ˵ȥ鶼׼ô
Ѿ׼׵ֻҪһ£ͿԷ
اֱ˵
ãȥ׼쿪ʼ׻ǨƴκգڴκеĽʿԸǨƵģȥɣǲԸ⣬ҲҪǿ
ܲһ
ǣ
ا׵ͷӦ

иоԼһΣһĴΣУһŮƸ꣬챻ζ˻ζΪ˵Ҳ
֮ڡȻȻĿʼתһɾ컯֮Ϊ飬Ծ˵ٶȳڣѪд˲Ϣ䣬Ѿٳһϡ
ҲϿУѡ
ĿɨܣٿߣһŮ滨ڻУƱ¶ѩ׵ļ˿ڸٿܱߵĻ
ܲ٣ԣҲĳ
ֺֺЦһһ׵ģʱﻹ᲻֪ʲôˡǾбܲٶֽš
ȻھƴҩĶ
֪顣
ȻΪˣûгԿԿģΨһľǲֽܲƵϲľѳ죬˵ʲôˡ
ԲϵܿٳϣֻΨһǣ봦֮ϣܲ컯֮۳컯飬ٳϡεϾȻҲͼϣͼͼøǿ󣬸ơ
аԳ
ڣһ¿ٵС
οٳͬʮ棬ںλãΪϡͬʵ֮䣬Ҳвġ
ͨͬпԯޡ
ͼУȫǿޱ顣
ͼһֲȫ
ֻŻеŮиоͷʼˡ
ڴУڱչذչؾͱչأҪǵʱŮȥ֪˵ЩʲôչرճŮˡ⻭棬ֻҪһ룬͸оʿʼʹˡ
δ𣡣
һؿڡ
ппɬ漴˵ģȻѾˣǸøΣȻӱܣڿʼҵŮˡ


1295 Ǩ
ԧܲٺȵģҺȵһľƣУҲһУνУûкֻǴѣǧһٰ֡ܲܲ٣治ǧۡ
аԿЦ
Ǵ֮ҩҩǶֻ߷ڵǶȻеľ޷ʾûзӦƺڤڤиоûкҲ̰ΪϡƷ˵ˣҪתԪȻ׻ĻȾ벻ȣʲô
ʳϸѪУЩʳƣǺ޵ֿ
οжϡľ綾ֻҪһڣ˲ͻᱻϵϡǶԱܣʲô취
ܲԼ
ԧǲù۾ܲҲ˴֮ƣ޺ȥƸһȻʲô¶ûУ뷿֮֡ĺУʲôʱٹŮˡ
£
ŮУиֳ˿˿֮ɫ
ˣⶫѾ˵ˣΨһʵǣҵŮˣɷ򡣴ӽҾǷޡЦ˵ˣ֪ʲô֡
ܽڡ
Ů˵еĿҲýȻͬһ˿ᡣΣԴ֮δҲֻܷǰϡ
ܽڣԺҾͽڶˣص֮ǻЦЦסܽڵֱ΢΢˽漴˵֮ǰƣûкúÿ㣬βϣһֵǧҹɫŨɹ
ܽһߡ
ȴûоܾ
һƸꡣ
ò˵֮ܽͬͨΪˮкͲΪ˵ҲĿеļƷ
֮䣬
֪УѾˮɽ

һҹö˵ʱȻѾڶ졣
һգˮУͻȻ뿪ãſڣһŸʾѾڳǽϡʾܴʶֵ˹ȥ漴¶֮ɫſڴʶ
κܴѣǿ߻⻼ѾﵽѷײУһƳǣȻаͿ̿Ѫɺӣ裬Ϊ֮ȻΣѽ⣬κڼ᲻޹Ϊ°Ѱ·
֮󣬽Ž٣аգֻҪԸ⣬Կ̤ţһȫıӻԴ֮󣬿ɵ̫ƽ룬Ը
ʾкڵı¶κٵľƣȷʵѾΣڵϦĵزʱпܱ£κ°Ѱҵһ·԰ҵ·¾
飬ҪǱ˵ȻǺţȴֱɴκٷʾȴ˲òšʵϣܶѾκգٵΣֻ֣ǣû·һӲܲûжѡ
񣬵ڶѡ񡭡ˡ
ҴκȻҪˡ
ɶ񣬿ɶ壬ǺһЩռ䣬ЩƫƫҪǵ̫ƽӳ״ݻ٣Ҫ΢ĻԸսϸǾһս
κʴȰΣʱ̣뵽ΪѰһ·֪źĵʲôطܸǱӻô
ǰУȥףѣ
аտһ¶ŭϣ棬Ŀ⣬еı鶼ʮָӡòװҵһ֮أû뵽ûйϼӣҪߵֵزܹܵˡ
䣬Ѫɺȣһ·ɣҲһֵҵ顣
ĸʾÿһǳжڵһʱͨȫǣдκն׸ʾе⡣
ˢ
Ÿʾĳ֡
ڴκиǳ룬ͬʱһ⣬ţͿһɫĹƾճ֣ڹ㳡룬ž޴ʮͬʱӵУһ˸ޱȣ·ſڣͨһ磬һƬء
ȻǿռͶӰ
һ磬Яռӡǰÿһǳأһʱ£ռűӦϵ򿪿ռŴͨ
ֻҪ̤ȥͿ׵Ľ뵽Уһʺڿռʱ
ڿռУǰһֱգԸ̵½йش׻ʳһЩ顣ͬʱЩʽ̤֮·йУֻҪħģ˶ȫᵢķչ
˵һ̤ȥ˶᲻ͬ
ռŵĳ֣һǳеİշ׷¶֮ɫ漴ܶİѾؼУʼʰʲ
ߣߣߣҶؼʰһ£ҵ֮أһȥֻ½Ҳûл»еҪƷͨͨϣԺõϡ
ʳʣǮƣȫϣҪʣ£ҲǱЩ壬ڵߣҲܱЩǡ
߰ɣֻ·һκΪѰҵĺ·һġﲻæңɱֻ֮۶ѡˣκźƴһǣҵȥ
һտʼؼС
ʰ׷׶ϼҴڣŹƷſռ˽ȥžͺ޵׶һж߽ȥʼնûһ㷴ӦԴԴϵĽա
ɺޣǸ壬޲ܳǵ⣬ǵѪ
ڳǽϣɫ࣬һ䣬ްٵκ˵Ĵþ档ò䵽ֵزκǵһѪڣܲʹ
Ļ棬ڴκ֮Уϳ֡
ˡ
ռŴ򿪣룬ԭֵĳǳأбûңϼҴڣһֱѵĸо
ϧҴκվλһ첻Ҳܲ٣κ֮
̨ϣܲپվţĿƺκκڵĻ棬аտʼǨƵĻ棬еĸдǳ޷ġ
ԼѪʹ˱ζ޶ԡ
ϴ˾٣գй¡κգлϡ
һɫ۵꿪˵Уڴ˾ʮֵƳ硣°գǻ֮
ѣΪ˳֮Ρ
ܲ̾Ϣ
˳֮Ե໥֮Ρݳеεĵ
־ţдţд󱨸ϧǵڴҪߵһ·Ѿ˳Եԣ׼ټ׻ʡ׻ʳΪһ˳ĲѧһչĻᡣ
ܲٿ˵
԰ţȻҲڶԴκЩĳ佫šΨһܹ顣
ߵ·ʺеĳ佫


1296  
һڴκ֮ǰҲҪܵΪǰźú·ûг֣ȻҲûѡֻܸһ𣬻Ƿֵ𣬸֮ġ
׻ʳȷʵһģڶʱڽʳΪ˳֮ӹţЩ黹ҪԵ֣ûо֮Ե
Ϸ־ŵȻһЦ
񳼣
໥ġ
㣬ҲܲһעƽȻκҪǾҲҪĺҡ
ܲЦЦ޾ĺ
̨ϣܲټվţۿ̤ռţϴӴκʧŰյʧܿеԳֳһּΪǷϵģ
Ǵκаȥԭ
˳֮еİնʧˣˣˣȻȻٹ˳Ȼʹ˻ʧǲκУ·ûˮ㡣ˮˮܸۡ
ǣһκױҲŻΪСɢ
Ǹ
ڲܽס޹Уܽվһ𣬾һҹ󣬲ܽòջչ¶˵ķɡߣڻУ̨һĨӵĿ⡣
һֽκһկһչĵزÿÿŻѪѾѾ˴չȭŵʱ̣Ȼ飬ĵֻ²ù
ܽȻ
õģ㸸ɲͨˣѾ׼ú֣ңǺֿ϶ͬСɣЩҪʿֻǴˡö룬Ϳԡ
еȻһЦסϸ
ܲˣ̫ǸɲⰡ
ͬҲǷϵģаȻ֮ˣѾ޸Ƽǰ
ʱȻš
ԴʾźÿһǳеİնڿǨţϼҴڣŴƷһųۿɼٶȱһճǡ
ͬкܶԱ죬Ǿнʿһ̤С
κѾĩ·ͬҲҪΪǡȻԸµĽʿҲֻںֱܲ´ʥּǽСľ棬Ҳ޼¡
ЩԸ뿪ģܲͬţһ֮ؿٳ롣
䲻
ǨٶȺܿ죬ڶ̶ʱڣκ֮УѾǨһաκ£ױɿճǡ
ϿյԽӵǷϣԼ䣬¶һĨһĸо
죬ǵ峿
նһ˲䣬̨ϣܲٲ֪ʱѾ֣ͬʱֵģܿвܼҵĵմãֲاȽСܣȻܿǧʿһɷȻɢ֮
̧ܲۿա
ĬȻ
ϣ
ƺ֪ȥãܲٷּ䣬鴤սһָϺȡ
ܲ٣κһ̫ҴκڼΪõӣôôգԸΪ죬뿪ۣ
ܲһһ䣬췢źֱ֮
һ̣ӿؼ䣬ܿµĻ治ϳ֡纣
˲䣬;κǿߡ
һ˫˫Ŀ⿴ܲ٣¶֮ɫ
ô£ܲҪô
죬κеնʧˣ˵߽һк󣬾ҲûгֹţӦͨʲôطϧҲʲôߡ
κѾˣİնˣܲǳҪκˣڵҪʲô⻭棬ƺҪ롣
κΪƷ죬Ҫʲô
ֹԲɼ롣Ҫʲô϶ʲô¡Բɹ
ܵǿĿãд󶯣Ȼ϶֮˵ʲôʡ
ܲ٣ס֡
ʨӰУһ𣬴ʨӺ֮ͨҪܲ٣鳹ֹ
ס֣
ʨִŭ
õվҪȪЦ˵
ʣ׷׳֣ҪԲɼ롣

һ۲ܲ٣췢һ
⣡
ޱߵĹŶ·һ̣ȼա
У̺ױȵ˲ͳϯȥһε־ƺǧУܿһֻ޴Ľɫƾճ֡
飬κεַ·ܿ˸
һ̣쿪ۣ

һɫļƾճ֣˲ͽסƺһ̣ͻᱻ޾֮С
ʲô

ȻأܲҪʲôΪƷҲɵĳֱɥĲ񡣡
ʨ۳ֵ˲䣬ͱһεѹ棬վûУָоͺһ㡣
֮ǰĹͨͨͨΪУ㶼档
Ҫǰ֣صϡ
֣¡
Ҫʲô
Уһ̣ͬһ˿ǿҵĺġ
ǲܲ٣Բõ顣ңΪƷֱۡ־١ѾһĴ¡
գԴκΪƷؼ֤ҲܲһšԻš
ɵǳҵţȡĹᡣȡһ֮䣬޲ɵΪ֮
֮УУξɽˣжʿ١
ؼ֤š
ܲһһķϺȡ
أ뿪ֱۣѸ棬šһһ䣬Ѿ֮ϡʣ⽫ǵõϿɡ
¡¡
ƺһĨ䣬Уһƾճ֣ڲܲͷǵصĺȥ
飡
һ£ƺܲٳ׸ڣֻǣܿܲٵһЩϵĺܣȴûһϵġЩ졣
ڷŭƺһ־档
죬˿ţҲ޷赲ҴκҾ͵ȡһ첻ҡ
ܲЦ
Կڷ⣬âУܿһ׭ƾճ֣ΪһƬģȻǸողܲ˵ٵŵļġĻۣлΪһڵĹײġڹײĴױȵƺ
״͸޽ɡ
ܲٴе
״͸޽ɣ
̨ϣǧʿͻȻͬʱźгһƣЩǱơ˿̣׷׽ƳеǿںɫȥɫС
Ƭ̼䣬Щִ׹䡣


1297 
ֻЩ׹ʱѾƵģһöö׹ϣ鲼صķģճصĵϣƺõĳӳ֣в˼

ܹаֵа
һҪǰĹ꣬аǵ֮£ʱпܷһǿĻһΪУξҪϵļԽǿȻڵĹлĸӳáôĶ֪
ǺɫתһȦֱӻΪһööٲȻǶݵϿɡ
ǧʿֱӻΪǧУξ
״͸޽ɣ
ܲٷϺȡ
ʱͿǿںɫײ߾񷣬ƺֻǣãԴκϣˣκ˹죬ع޿赲һζţܲٴŵľٶȻɱȻ
ܹı䡣
ţ
ʧһ˷ݳȥ
ȻڣǾǺ
׹죬ŽѾΪʵ־Ȼû赲ͬʱһ˲ڲܲϡʱͿеĲܲϢۿɼٶȷı䡣
¹塣
Ŀãоһ³һ
ǹ£ɹ֮ʮӴ󣬲ԽõĹ£дκΪ˳ʱ񣬱һĹףĹ£һ̱ĳŲܲڹעȥ
£һȫĶûйǲʿʿǸǵͣһڣΪԷ˵ٶȵõǣͻƣȫûƿģڹǰٶûСô
ͨ˶ܸһɡ
ȻпܳǳˣȴûгɵսֻǸαɡ
¹壬Ϊûġԣ¶κ˵һֱĲƸκǱ˻ǲܲԼѡ׼ԣУκԭȵĹ£ͬϣɴ˿̵ϡ
ʱͿܲٵΪۿɼٶɱ
ླڵۻǵḶֱ́˲Ϣɣ׾ٵͻƣǣ꣬й̶˲Ϣûʲôѽ٣ȻȻɡ
ﵽླ۷漴ûκ谭Ľ뵽Ԫ񾳡
ɱԪԪӦء
ĵڹ֮£ԴԴϵĻԪС
ڷĸԽӵ֪Уڵĵнᾧһööۣӡתۼ䣬ʹﵽöҲ˵Ƭ̼䣬ܲپӵΪС
һ̣ʣֽ١
Ȼƺֵ֣ڹǰֻ¶˸棬ֱӾʧˡ
⻹ô
̲ס鴤һ£¶һ˿Ź֡
ҪȥɣһǿжɹڶǱ֣ܿû뵽ڹǰֶѽ
ò˵һĹͻƣʩһϣɵɱʵ̫˼ˡͻƵһԪľ磬գۼ䣬нᾧڶҲ׾ٵĶɹˡԪ񾳡
ΪܲٻʹͻƵԪ񾳣ֽԹʱϵĹ½ͻȻʧƺѾһա
ãҪټͻȥﵽ񾳣˵ӡ˶ʱ򣬾췭ظ٣ǿ߲ɱˮȵС
ĿãҲɰһ
˵ʵڣ²ܲٲȥĴƷӡޣҪһʰˡ
ΣҪġ
Ԫǿߡ
ܽڿҲɵŴͣһ㶵ı顣
Խ棬Խӵѡһ㣬κʿܹ֪ӷླֱͻƵԪ񾳣ǶԪ񾳣ʿĻֻҪǧʱпɱ䣬ɲܲȴڶ̶Ƭ̼䣬Խʿǧй̡ǲ˼顣
һĻ档
Դκ׼Դκ֮˾޴ɱ䣬ҲҪǲͻƣǲй
Ц˵
ҴκҲҵŽ֮ʱȻΪţ֮գôܵһĹĹҴκѹĹ
ܲٿзϺȡͻȻҡΣضɽҡؿѣǳؿѣǽݿʼ·𼶵Ĵ
ģһ޴ѷ֡
ǵѷԵޱȣ·һµ޵׶㣬ʱҪǧ飬ѷУһ񺿵ХϴһƬƸաǺУ֪ʲô·һϸСĺڵ㣬ڲϴƺĳϸСĳӡ̾У׷׹䣬ΪһƬɫıꡣ
ⱩͻȻôϯءΪģϵ˷ӡ
ۣ
ܿڵϣ治ϳһӿݵȱڡ·Ǳĳʴһǲһͨĸʴеһʴܱߵֲľۿɼٶںпήڵṇ̀·һ㡣
Ŀߣһ־

֮ݲڣӰ죬᲻ϵȥԴԴϵֹɲë֮ء
꣡
棬ǿĿãɫ䣬ͬϳ֮Ũ£ı仯УľŨ֮£֮ϴأɱֵ
κѾˣⳡȥֻ´κݣɲë֮أʺס棬ﳤʳҲľɳĮӻߡĹȻ£һй֮Ѿ˾޴ѣѹ㸸ҪѹסĹĹ¶ϢΪľǷֹĹ֮йϧվй¶ˡ־ͬûкô
и̾
꣬Ƭˡ
ʨĿãɫ࣬ȻҲ׽κݻʲôκݣ˵Ȼϣܹռĵ̣û뵽ᷢ顣һ֮رɫԵת䡣
Ȼ޷κݣҲܸǴЩ򣬽ɻĮ֮ءĽҪġ
ߣҴκˣΪλҪѹĹƬأΪҴκᡣ
ܲĿã䶼ûбһĻ֪ģҪˣҲὨ˵ʲôˡ
Уξڡ
ĩڣ
ܲٿ̨ϵǧУξȻҽĹĹҵ֮Уξ޽ɡ
ּ䣬ʱͿǧУξ׷״ǰ̤ǵɫѷСֹû˿ĳɣУξǳԵľ뷹


1298 Ĺ
ҲܲپҪķأҺΡҪıأҲҪҸǻᡣܲٴЦ̤ĹУɫһǹ⳯ܿһۣܱصǿߣڵıֳм
ǷĹκͼŷ˯ߣܵµ䣬ںڰг١о
ʨ񿴵ٸڣ̲ס¶ŭ֮ɫ
žѷС
尡ǷĹ˵ӵıأ챦ֻҪܵõͿһɳ죬ǳΪߣΪͨߡˣӵеٸ߾ĵ̡
ɱҵġ
һӰ׷׳֣ǿɲʲô겻꣬κıɲë֮أҲʲô£ʱȡ˱أȫƨɾߣ飬ͷʹǡ
ֻҪءǰĹҪѰ
췭ظ
һصǿ߷׷׳֡ϵ̤ǵѷ졣һʱ䣬ֻܿһתۼ䣬Ѿû뵽ѷС
Ĳ뿪κݡ
ܽڿһѯʵʵѾеԾԾԡ·һ̾ʹ̤Ĺȥ
ηĹҲһβݴĻԵһҪȥģҲΣյġеȻһЦƽ˵
˵ĹмΪգǻܲңŴĲ飬֮ʮֿ£ŵȥȻᱻ֮͸ϮԴԴϵڣʴ棬ҪҲ·Ļǻ·ġڲռṹͬԹһ㡣ʧ棬пһӶ޷ų
ܽڿ˵
ԥĽԼ֪һЩ鱨˵˳
޴ӷڸкѾԼδϣȻеİΣΪءҪֻҪϢһЩãǾʹﵽĿġ
Թ֪ˡ׵ͷڶǰڵһ磬棬κվסһ𣬵ȵװȫ
ܽڶԴȻû
ܿ죬̤ռţС
ֻҪУȻĹУɿԴش׻ʳûʲôʧҪȻܽڲȥһʲô⣬Ǿָֻܷء顣
оֱĳѷǰһۣûгɣֱ̤˽ȥ
ѷгṲ֮̃ȥһɲǣȻȻķӵ
˵ĺ֮۵²ı仯ѷе֮͸ŨǺеʮϰٱΪ㣬˲ͻᱻ֮ʴΪǵ䣬ʬ⡣
һ㣬ԸܵҲǰȻ
ླ֮£һУпܱʴʴꡣ
Ժһͷ
֮ǰ˶ãֻдﵽླͼֵ֧֮֮ŵȥ
Ȼֻеһֶζѡ
нȥ󣬸ûͷųһ䣬սѾϣһսϲ֣ɢ޾ϣ֮ܵһͱսۺĵ档
ͬʱһεг⣬֮ԴԴϵɽȥٶȲֻ緢֮ȣȻǲֵһᣬЩɵ֮ȻǱɽȥУԴԴϵıɾĻ֮뵽ڿռ䡣
ڲ½
½ĹУȻԿڵ£һƬ޴ĵ¿ռ䡣һۿȥʮֵĺ嫣鲼Ũ֮Ƭ¿ռУһ޴Ľ
ɢ貵Ľ⡣ɫ֮֯һƺǹڰڽ
ǰɫġ
˵һɳӣɫɳӡ鲼¿ռ䣬һƬɫɳĮ
¿ռУһɳĮ
棬Ŀãֻû˻šȻɫɳĮʮֹ죬ΪԿһ˿˿ĺԴԴϵĴӰɫɳĮ͸¿ռеܴ֮һ־ǴӰɫɳĮðġ
̤ɳĮУǿԸоЩɳԼ䣬ڲϵĳȡ˵ֻҪվɳĮУܸܵԴԴϵı
ɳĮܿ¡
ͨûκλȥϣ
ɫɳĮɳĮеĽ
ǷĹ
ⲻͨɳĮҲͨİɳǹɳɰ׹ڷֽγɵĹɳÿһǰ׹Ǿȴ̺ܹһİɳκһ棬һƬɲë֮ء
һʿӵץһѰɳü¶һ˿
ܿǰվһӰʨвۣǿߣҲʿȴûпܲǧУξƺ֮ǰǾѾ̤СЩߣһվ棬
Ĺܲѹ棬Դκ˹ѹʣڹȥʱУ϶ǶĹ˽⣬ѾǲְжĹй̽顣ȽѾ̤Ĺ֮У˿ɲóȻǰ
Ĺʲô˭һ֪£ֻѡʱͣ٣ȴ˭óȻ̤İĹǷĹҪ֪˯ʱµľǵĹ޽汾ΪԤĹ׼ġ
ֻ壬ֱǵǣֻ벻ûġ
óȻ̤ȥʣǼͬ
Ǻеķֽʦ
оʿԣ֣һĨֽʦֽⷨʱϸ˫֣ӡֽ̣ʦֺܰף·ǰһ㣬Ө覣Ƿ˫رôܻ᲻֪
һֽʦ
ʿ˵Լݣ˵ݣͬʲôıҪϣֽʦǵĶ֮һ
壿
ѯʵ
ǣ壬岢ûʲô޵ӡֽʦĴУǴеõġҵʦ塣
ֽʦ˵Уȫûжĵӡ
ȷʵûʲôޣȰƽֻҪǣǲ˺壬У塣
ͻȻ䣬һϸȥܿһ塣Ϣ޷ġǵУƺžԼ䣬ƺЩԾ
˭
ȤĿǰߡ
ܳģȻͨˡȻȻĴɨӹȥһ¶һĨ˵ֽˣ


1299 ʥ׳
£ǰߣȻһֽˣǵģһʮ־£ֽˣõֽõĲϣʮ󣬷ͬСɣܸ̺ܵ⣬ֽ˾ֽˣϣûκ𣬵ɣ䱾ʣֽˡ
һֽ˻
Ҳ˵һֽ˷
ֽڣ̺żǿδػȷླѷɫټֽ˵Ĺ죬¸Ѳ
ڵһֽˣеֽ˾ҡⷨĹ̫գҿûñǰЩʱ򣬻ȥδҪˣʲôضǼٵġҪʲôáοֽǵǲǱ
ֽЦ˵
һ㶼û֮ɫܹӵֽ˷ֽı£û˭˵֡㻹治˵˼ҵС˼ı£ҲĽ
ı£˭˵ʲôңȫԸߣҲֽ̽ĹϾĹ˭֪̺ŶջأһˣˣĻᣬˣˣûкҩһ㣬ûʲôá
Ц˵
ֽȷʵĽ
ֻҪֽ˲𣬼ͿӵĻᡣ˵ֽһû˭Ըǡ˭֪᲻һ֧Ӵֽ˴

ֽʦҲЦ˵
û˻ɵֽֽˡ
ҲԵ̸Ҳ໥֮ĹĪ⣬쳣˭֪жգȥδЩƵˣһȥҵıһ֡Ļ˴˵İȫһӦ
ֽ
ȻǺϤʱѹϵǰȥ̽ĹҲδɣȫøߡ
޲ɡ
ЦŴӦ
УҲõѡ֮һ
Ȼһ˵ĻҲ¡
ԣ
ķֽʦҲ׵ͷʾӦ
飬ԴҶȻûвӦĵ
Ѱ֮ǰҪĻǱסΪȡ
ǣɳĮУʿ֮䣬Ҳ໥ʼ׼̽ĹʮգȻǽˣߵҲδؿţδܹиΣһкôġ
ɳɳɳ
˿ʼˣ׼̽ʱͻȻ䣬ߴһ·ǽµİɫɳ˹̲ס
ɳĮж
ֽʦɳĮܿɳĮеİɳƺڲϹʲôǱɳĮУոѾѣڸС
ˢˢˢ
飡
ɳĮͻȻһ֮أţһֻֻɫĳӲϴɳĮ˳ЩͲֻĴָС˸·̫Ĺâڵ¿ռУʮֵĿܵĺڰ·ɢ롣
һֻһֱֻ顣糱ˮϯɳĮУ׳·Ȫӿգ֮䣬Ѿ鲼ɳĮһۿȥǽӲӵġǵأĿ֮ƬƬ⡣
ʥ׳棬ʥ׳档
ֽʦɫһ䣬˵ഫϲʥ׳ΪĹػߣЩʥ׳ʮֿ£޼᲻ݣ׵ѪУʳѪʮѸ٣ֻҪгѪΪϣͿѸٷʥ׳׳档׳涼ܿٳɳ൱¡
µǣ⻹ͨʥ׳棬ǽʥ׳档ߴ󲿷ֵͨܿʳһڴ󲿷ʿ˵һجΣʥ׳滹ɣʱᱬըΪʥ棬Ե˷գʥ漫Ϊ£һմȾͬƹ֮ԵڵΪϣֻҪͻԴԴϵķգֱΪֹ
УЩʥ׳ŨŨļɵ
ʣһ൱µ
·ͨᱬըֱǴһĴڡ
һֻֻ£ǰǵأ鲼ɳĮĽʥ׳档ؼǣЩӵķΪǿ󣬲ȽѷɫҪֱ󲻱Ľӡ
Ѳ㡣
ҪȻҲܶƳмӣĹ
ܣЩʥ׳һѣлﶼԥķ𹥻˭޷⡣ֽҲٺ
ȾͳŽڵλÿ񱼹ȥ
ߣ
Ҳԥĸȥ
ո̤Ĺɲ뱻ЩӸϡȱܿâ˵
ǶܣЩǿȴûбؿ
һһͷɫŮӿϯʥ׳棬¶һĨм֮ɫзߣһȺӶѣұ⡣
в֪ʱһɫıھУһ貵ɫֲ֮ĺӣɳĮҪ⡣
¾Ǻ⣡
¾ĹâѾ˿κͨѷɫµǣΧ㹻ֻҪ䵽ĵطᱻǺǡ
ȻǱǺǵصĽʥ׳ϣȻֱӱǲ赲ڽΪУûжʥ׳֮
ʥ׳ɷϯ
ֱܵӽע׼Ůϣ˲ϢѾ⡣ɱȥ
ܣҵıǺôһȺӲããǻ壬𡣡
Ůɫ䣬˲ͱһǣȫ·ҪԼױһ
ֻǣһ̾ͱûڳ泱С
󣬾һĿʳϴǻ棬ͺڳԱһԸԴࡣ漴һĲҽ
תۼ䣬ʥ׳ɢ֮ܿǰŮѾʧԭأѾһѩ׵ĹɳϢĸ֪أѾƬɳĮ
ʥ׳档
лͷһۣһۣҲɰľ
Ů޲ڷླǿΪող⣬ѾͷųֻϧЩʥ׳һôûУûôǸԶʥ׳вڱ棬˿
ǰ
ǰ棬ȻԿһĴѾ򿪡
ûйرգֻźͨһƬڣ˿·ʱҪ˵޹ηǰ
˿ûκѡ񣬺ǵصʥ׳ѾϯȥǾ
ϵ£ǳӡ
ߣ綼ҪȥڽȥҲǱȻ
ȥҪЩĳӣҿɲ뱻ӸԵߣϿȥ
Щӽһᱻгɹɳ
ǿ߶ɫ䣬ûгɣٳСһ̣ѾûԥĻᡣ
ֽʦֽͬʱС̤ȥһɲǣܵĸоϺë·ʲôµĲϷ
գۼ䣬ѾһС
ԾйŹ֡ǲһţɴɡÿʱÿ̶ڱá
г˵


1300  
Ȼֻһȴ̺ڡ̤ȥǰһһ֮䣬пܲ޴Ĳ죬ڲͬĵطһע⣬ǧ̤Ҳܸ㳹׷ָȺ֮ģ˲ܸ
ֽһ˿̾
ӦԿռ۶ɡҪóԲ׿ġĹֻ²ô򵥵ġ
ֽʦ˵
ɨܣܿģȻһҡ
ҲСзԲʮɴСУû̫ֻһʯ񣬳֮⣬ûбĶ
ĵ񡣡
пܿⷨһװߵȨȣͷɫڣһö˶ıʯƺǱʯϡ䱦
ǰܿĿǱֱǰ죬һְӲĸо
ǽ֡
ֽǿһۿ棬ֳһй֣岢׭壬ӦĳֹŰ֣ǣڿ󣬾̺ĺʲô

ֽʦͫ΢΢³һ
仰Ȼǽϸֳ˼
ⷨδЩ̫ˣȻҪǹƾʲôǹݡ
ֽҲЦ
Ҫҹݣܵô
Ц˵
Ǵ׻ʳ֮ľ׻ʳˣˣû˭ҳĹݣɽѹܲס񲻹˴Ƕ˲
Ȼ˹ݣĲǱ˵ˣͬˣ˳֮ݣԸʶ䣬Լˡ
иӲȥݡ
ȻпܹпܻȡԵǻȥֻоԲȥ顣
һѣҹݣҷ𡣡
ֽʦЦ˵
ֶǷһӣһ׹ȻȻţ֣ʱ£ۿɼٶȿʼֽ⣬Ϊ촷ۣ顣ҷ
գۼ䣬һöɫʯͷС
ڤʯؽƷıģ֮ͨڤڲУҲᱻ֡ͬʱܹۼ֮ıģһ񣬷ȷʵǲƴ֣̾Ϊעֽʦ¶һ˿Ц⣬ǺöΪ˷ֽ⣬ֻȡһЩֽı꣬ȴʵʵڵıģԼġ
䣡
ڵ񱻷ֽ֮󣬺ȻԿڵԭλϣͻȻֳһڵĴ󶴣ڵضУͻȻ䣬һŨŨϢ˱Ƕ룬ţһɿֲĺɫĴӵضӿ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿҡ
ȼգɢ񱩵Ϣжϵķѵ⣬һѣƻûƻһ·Ŵֹ
̺żǿʴ
һǴ˵ֻҵвеĻ棬궼ܷաôð˿µĵ֮𡣡
ֽˡ
ڿֽ˷ֽµľǻ棬Ȼͨ滹ʲôͿ𣬿ȴǰԵĵ֮һֻºܿ嶼ᱻȼѾģȫʮֵĲѺá
Ϊѹһл档
Ŀãȴ˿ûһ䣬̾ڻеĻȻ췢һŭƾճ󡣻ΪһȫڻУ̤ŻߴŻߣϸֳŭĿ̬òбûж
ֻϢøӱѡ
ԻĻֺȻȻܵĵ֮𶼷·һε壬ⷽԲ⣬޷ٿֺǻԻͳ
еĻ淨ͬѾﵽΪĵزԻ֮Ϊ͡
һʱ䣬Ϊĵĸ׻Ϊյش
ңĻſڳܵĵ֮һ̣ƬԴԴϵû뵽ڣѹյ֮еĶػ淨ϡӣļӳ£򿰳Ǳ̬ġÿʱÿ̶ȫµĸ򣬶ڵ򣬷
ԴԴϵĶԵнȡеϷ
֪УУһȫµĻȻȻǻȻǵ֮Ȼ֮𻹺Сڵڿٵ׳ζţѾյȫµĻ档
ڻ£κλͨǿ츳
ǿĻ֮ϣȻ̺һǻ֮һֽʦ̲ס¶֮ɫ˵
ã̫ˣ׵ѿǾҵСҪմȾϵֽ˷ҪӦһ鷳¡ֽȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǽ˵ĺôҪǵǿɾ׶༪ˡ
ڵľ档
ǣⶴڵͨηȻ緢Ӵĵ֮ңͨطܹġ
Ŀ⿴Ǵڣƾ֮ĸоڶƺµϢʮֵıײС·ʱᱬԵƻ
𣡣
һ̣һҵ˻Ȼ䣬һڵеӰڣǷһͷϳħǵĶħ˸ųɫ棬Ϣ̱ޱȣ󻹳һԳɫ·һĶħģͺǴӵħ
ħ
һڵеĶħʮֲбһ֣ľǵĻ֮֮֮һУꡣ
ħкȻܿһɫܿĵ˸źâ·ʱһУһС
ħڳֺͿУǿѹĻ

ħ仰ûж˵һ˦Ѿ˳֮ܵĵΪһħϯ
ֽ⣡
ֽʦȻǰ̤һֶзһȣţɫķֽţס˲䣬ۿɼٶȻΪĩһı𡣶ңֽ˳ӣֱӳħϯȥ
գۼ䣬һ޴ͻΪһɫľڵϡڵ棬˲Ϣͱ
ڷֽʦǰһзǲڵġ
ֻҪóǾͨͨԭϡ
ţУһͭսìսìƿգǿì⽫ħؿڶ
컯֡ì
־ħɱ
һУǵʯ֮䷢һԪ񾳲εĵħɱ
һԪ񾳲εħ׻ɱǾãضͨǲǻħ
ֽ˵


1301 ͨ

һһħӵضг˳ңβһ𣬶ͬʱ֣󣬿еˣǱˮΪҽڵϣźĳɱ
ա
ħ۳һööҵĵȫԵ֮۶ɣ̺űĵϷƻͨĻֹǿʮ
һֱӾͻᷢըԵƻ
ħһ̤ðһϣ緢ܽ˵ȼճɻҽ
ħÿһǷླεǿߣģֱӽ뵽Ԫ񾳲Σټϵ𣬸֮£ƻ԰һΡ
ϧħ̵ѹħͬʱ֣ɱǿѹħıڷֽʦǰǾ汻Ƶ£еսȻȻľͽħɱȥʬ壬սƷ
ߣֽʦֱֽһߡ
طܼȻħʵԶˣܷܶǽڣңǽ̺ƣȻ˵޷ƿķѵ̫ⶴڷֵǰȥ̽
п˵
ǰⷨĹյĿģҪ̽ȡһЩԵܹøǿܲҵأһ£Ҫǣõ
ȤôܷŹ
ͬ⣡
ֽʦԥ˵
Ȼ֮ϷǺѺãɣٲѺãҲܹŶ롣ֽҲͷӦͬ˵Ĺϵңڶԣ˴˶Ǵĺ졣ɲ壬ٸ߾кô
ֽҲϵıԼ̬ȡ
Ĺ̫أ˭ʲôĻ塣ʣ쳣ȥܼ̽Ĺеİء
Կ϶ضȻǷͲµء
ǿңߣԱ֮ܿϮп˵
ֽʦҲûоܾõķǶֶΣʱܱȵĸӼ򵥷㡣
ǵضСֻǣԴԴϵðֲĵ棬γһ޴Ļ֮֮£ƻǿ
̤ȥʱɽܵĵ֮ѹͬʱȻȻĴ򿪣γһУе֮ԴԴϵɽȥ棬ͬһٱͬʱڿռеĻڣҲ֮Ļ֡
Ǻһԣڿٳ統УֻҪǺĵرЩУпӦԴ
磬ͭʮУкܶ඼гͭȻǺܸߣпܹԴԴϵȫµĳͭʱƣĿܲϱǿϳɳɵ֮ڻУʱ֮Ļ֡
ֹ̣ͺǵ֮ڱʱ̺Ļ淨ϣںһһ֡
ֹ̣νʮԡ
Ǻ֮ںϺ֮͸ӵľˣǰ󱦲ĵû͹ԳֻڿռСǧ磬󣬲һ¶ȻոĿСҪʱԼԪϳɳ
ڵֻ֣֮ҲζţԴ֮ȫƿȫµĻ档ܲϵõ֮øǿ
ˢ
ЩֻԺһת۾ѹȥ˳ڶϿգ緢ĵ֮ȻȻıһաǵضͷ·һͨңͨͨһռͨͨһռ䡣ƺѾ뿪ĹķΧ
Ƿǿռ䴫͵ɡ
˲Ϣ䣬Ѿһİ֮ء
ϸȥȻһƬµĵ
ǵȼգϸֳһҽɵĺҽУܿһֻֻɫħҽУͬ಻ɱɱУϳɳܿħɱнΪһֻֻСħҺС
Ļ棬ʱ޿̶ڷ
ͬʱܿУϳһǣҽУתۼѾһֻֻħ档
ҵô
ֽզݼأؼеǵռ䣬Ǽ˵Ķӣʱһʱ״̬Ҫȥֻܲϵɱ¾ϵıǿǿûеѡҲֻУɳħΪµħ塣
һƬȫڰɫĿռ䡣
ƺޱ޼ʣӦһĿռ䡣ռû嫣ͺǴӵзָµһ֡
Ȼܿһ޴С
һֳɫʯͷ죬ҽʣϰɾ޴һɸߵħϣϲ֮ų貵Ĺâ
һεѹ糱ˮϯ
ħƺڳ˯
һһ֮䣬ܲϢѹֲ¡
ѹѾȫԪ񾳲Ρ
̤˲䣬˯ħʱѣſ޴ͫϣǸо·ö̫ͻȻųĹâꡣһε崫ԺУ궼ڲǿߵĸо
ʲôʱ򣿱ˡ
걾뷨ǩԼҪΪɱôĹߡǼǰĹеĵĹߡϢ
ħۿŹֵħȻ֪ʲôԣȴ׵֪˼ʲô
ڶħУǷΪһһ׵ô
ץס仰̺ѶϢ
ף˵
Ϊ㣬񺣾ϾͼླԪ񾳡
պôڵоУÿһͻƣͬεõɱ䣬õﵽȫµĲΣһҲ˳µ顣
ֱ׵Ľε˳
ħʲôط
ֽ۾һתſں
ȻѾǲǷʲôܸı䣬ΨһģǾܵĻȡ鱨ֻֽ˷
ħЩĹ߻ǵӹ޹ҲҵǾ̫ѪǿߣҪܽĹˣǱҪΪǷһ̾ϧֻһȺ͵еֻ
ħƺûֵĴ㣬ȤĿڽ̸
ܵĵ֮ԴԴϵûڣԼ䣬ÿʱÿ̶ǿ·ڵһĸա
ոѣħûлָ۷塣ɴУʱ䡣
зһ㣬Ժпһͷ


1302 
ħûһͶǳ֣ңϢϣܸоƺΪӡ˯̫ã˵ԭɣվһʵǾǣʵûлָ۷壬ԶԶûлָȻϣô졣
зˣֽʦֽͬˣǵҪȻҲߵ졣ʱ򣬾õĶʱ
ǿɲãħһָǺԺ˵ʢ
ֻ»һ
ͬҪõĻʱ䣬һԴħе֪һЩڷϢ鱨Ȼħ֮Լʲôδ֪ҲȷƬռȷʵ뷨йء
ǱūˡﵱһŹΪһԺ
ƽ˵
˵䣬Ŀ⻹ſŵһӰһۡ
ǺȻһֻһͷԴħȮһֻͷȮܿ׶£ͷߵβͣͷϺͱϵëȫ̲ŵߣĶҺڵϣ治ϱʴŵǵϢ
˶ſŶʮɸߣһվֻ²Сڰɡ
һ
ͬ£Ȼħܸ˾޴ѹ
ŹߣҲûʸħ˵ĿŹֱǻѡħɫһ䣬ʱ֪仰Ѿʹġ
ǲǿŹǲǱūۣһ㣬ħȻʲôʵƭ˱ˣδƭԼеȻһЦ˵
ҪŭħлȡѶϢ
ǰǰıħδؿɿΣıǹе֪ǼƣҪ̤С
ūۣǷƾһʥҵУһƬռӵзָϵӡƬռУòԼĹΣƬռеķӡͻǣȥɡ˿ԼҲƽԼū֮˵
ħܵ¶һ˿ŭ
ⲻԼѣūۣҪȥħ涼Ҫһ㣬ǾԲġУһͷĹ߾ҪҪҪǴȥǱħҪ
һ㣬򲻿ɡ
Ǻǣ˵ĺѣǲūۣһӦûУڳֻ֣»úܱȻˣҲԸʱָȻĴ۾˵˵йط鱨˵˵ĹѶϢҲǵȼ۽
Ц˵
ôţȱлָͲ±һָͷҪ֪һ仰Է١
ħЦ˵
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Ҫָʱ䣬ҪĹѶϢףܹƽô
ֽʦҲ˵
ǺܹƽȻǲǱͳȫǡħЦ˵ഫΪ̫ѪΪ׿ҪֻҪʱƣѪѣܻȡԶ˵ǿͨһȺѪߡ
ѪľŨȣܴﵽʲôΣڵĹеķϣΪ˹Ҳ֮ΪڵѪŨߣһ̶ѾѪ죬ѪϾ£ڤѪʥ
۷ʱڣ̫ᣬͬڤ֮ӡͳԼԦһ飬Ѿض㡣
ʵôܱнƬռУӲʵӵռǿзָһСֿռ䣬ͬڸ⣬ͨǿߣ顣
Ѫԭԣֱ֮ΪڤշֶΪڤա
Ϊڤ쵰Ѿôֻ̫ˣܸо쵰ɻţʹڽĹĳ޹֮ڡʵӦûڳ˯УһȫѣЩĽף׵ȥѣڽУ˵ڽһҪɱ䡣ȻҪ˭ܹɱ䣬ǱҪ顣
ħһ̣ƺȫΪʲôģľͽѶϢ˵˳УԷʮֵļɵǲһ
һй̫ʥλڤշȴʥȫ෴ĵ·ò˵ҲǾžޡ
ңΪڤǼһֻǽһĹô޹ֻڳ˯󣬲ŻĹµֶβ֪ж٣ʮֿ£֪쵰ԵзָĿռ䲢ֻһһ壬һּΪܡ
ħЦ
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϶
ˣˣħ·ˡ
׵ͷоһȻ˵
ͱ·ǺǣʱָΪʵôôǵʵҲɱֱǿЦµͷȮҲ㹻ɱοɲֻǱѣǿܡ
ħЦ
ƬռɲֻħǴŴĵħϸȥһֻħ֮ǰֻΪħѹûпѣѾڵλóΧˮйͨĻħħ͸ࡣ
У
ΪǾƵôɱ
Ц˵
һ䣬ȻԿͷֳһƬ嫵ɽͼУܿһھ޴Ļųء棬һߴӰɢɱ֮
ǵЩϣԿֳһۣһƬƬϸܵĸȫɢϵϢЩƬҲͬ
ЩǽɫƬЩɫƬЩǻɫƬɫͬɢϢȻҲͬ
Уһ۵ǹ
УһʱܽͱƵսǹ
зһеΰ
ˢˢˢ
һӻлڵϡǰ
һΣȻǧͬʱ֡
һʵȻͨͨﵽླ۷壬ǿսսԪ񾳡սǺʵԪ񾳲ΣҲս
ԸԳǹɨС
һźźУſȵ޾ηĿֻеĴڡ
ܺãЩħȫɱһ
׵ͷȻ˵


1303 ħ
ǣ
ǧͬķ
ȫܸܵɢս⣬ѾŨ£ƺʱ緢ǶײеĶħԶû˿ľ¡ʹΪɱһдС
аԵͷ⡣
һˣǡ
ʲôУͲڣǧս׻ʳУκһ֧ŵսҪǿֱ޷졣ȻӾˡ
˿̳֣ʱҵжһεɱ֮֡
ÿһ׶߽ӽףߴڽӵƬâһһ̣ȻȻĻΪһսףսסȫ˿ûаͻĳгʣޱȣѹȻɢѹ¼󲿷鶼żѹơ˿ȶħҪѷɫ
ʱ䣬Ϊ׻ʳţɽͼ󣬷Уϴӡ
ңЩ꣬һͽ塷׵ľ硣Ӵע£ΪȻ
ΪֱӽתҲתʿ൱ڷླεʿսȴȻǷླġ
һ־ɱླʿ£ܷӳսӿֲӲ˼顣
ǿĵû뵽׵оȻĵơÿһɢϢĽǿѷɫӿɲЩħҪ¡
ֽĿãͫһ̲סһ̾
ĵһԵǱһǻɱﵣеĵơȴһóǧֱһ
ǿĵǰҸоϢҪԣҺѴ
ֽʦҲͷʾͬ
ʵ̫£ĵ̣Ӿˡ
Ƿһ㡣
һЩСֶζѡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
˿̣Ѿܵħ𹥻
ɱ
һɫսףÿһƬƬ˸Żɫģųɱħǰһ̤һ̤һƹӽ´ݳȥءţ𶯣һ֮ӵ±ǰħӲ𵹣ͬʱµҽֱӳ𣬰Ŵ֮ϡ
飡
ͬʱʩչؼ̤ӵл֮ƿش֮һѾֲܿ˿̣ͬʱʩչӣںһ𣬲𶯣ʱͿֲ޷һڣôħ޴Ȼըѡ
ֱӱһѪѪͨͨ顣
ͬͬԴͬԽеӣң˵ͬʱںϣ˲䱬Զǿƻ
ֻһɲǼ䣬ͿƬħɱ
ǻ棬ġ
ħڿһɲǣͫһоһ˿ŨŨļɵ
ң֮ܿ
һ˸Żƹĵش̴ӵðÿһޱȣ֮ѷɫ糤۾һ㣬Ӵħ룬Ӳش̱ǴԴϹᴩȥײпɲ
ɱɱɱ
ɫս׵ǹÿΪһ飬ɱħУгǹϻ衣
̣̣̣
򵥵Ĵǹȴչ¶޾ķâ
ۼ䣬ǹ̽ħڣڳʱڳǹϵƬ׷׵ת絹һһ֮£֮ɫǹâ֡
飡
һ߶ħ֮ô˺ѣ񱻽ѹһ˺һϸСƬ񱩵¡
տǹʹŽֱ֮޼᲻ݡ
ǹչֳǿƻԵףһʩչ٣һһʽͿ񱩣ǹءᴩգÿӳһΣܽһħɱ˴˼ϣĬ£·һһ㣬ս֮ǿȻͬСɡ
𣡣
ͷȮѾɱ
ſڼ䣬ö޴ĵÿһöڰУΪһ޴ĻߣȻֱ߷Уͬ߰㣬ڰвŤù켣ƿʱĹ켣øӵĹĪ⡣
ǹһǹڻϣǿǹ⳹׽飬ǻڱʱٴη仯ΪǧС͵ħߣ׸գϣҪڣʳѪꡣ
ս
ɫս׵ŵͷȮ𹥻սǹУɫǹâ˸Ϊһɫǹµĺǵ֮𣬶ںҽ⡣
ǻ磬һӻΪѩȡ
ͷȮҲ˲Ϣ䣬⡣
󣬱ǹֱըƬ䡣
ǵͷȮǿԪǰԿֻԵǿ£Ҫ˲ɱ
ɱɱɱ
ǧһǰ̤Ŷħʬ壬ǹȾѪգۼ䣬ƬħǵĴڣȫΪɱ¾Ϊս档
ڷֽʦֽУսһʼͳֳһ浹Ļ档ħϺɱЪֱһֲսսңȫ޼᲻ݡ

ֽʦٴθ̾
˲ã˲ðһ˿Եֵһ֧Ŀù𺳡ȻҲķѵĴ̫󣬻
ֽ̾
лһ㣬ǲİֻҪķʿֻǣҪԴͲ˭ܻȡģҪĴ۸Ӿ޴󣬶һǳϵ֧ҪķѵԴһĴ
СѾˣӲҪ˵ǧ
޷ҪĽףҪԴжӴ붼о˾
ԽˣԽӵܸоϷ·һԵɫʡһ֣ʼ޷е顣
ĪⰡ
Сӣ
ħɫ䣬ôû뵽ԼµħȻǧɱĶףȫǶ֣ؼѾҪ¾ˡָоֱڴоԼžž졣
飡
ϳɫһˣͻȻһǰ˲ؿڣ綾߰㣬ؿڣϵս׾ȻƿһƬƬѣգۼ䣬ս׾ͱƿսף̴ţӺ󱳴һƬѪ⣬µĵȼգҪ䳹׵ȼճɻҽ
ǿ
ʮǿ󣡣
һħǰȻһͱջȥʱѾ渲ǡȻûȴشңڲϵţɢ
һ̣ʧ
кԥսУصٽǲ棬Ӵӿڡ


1304 ̵
شٿʼָؿڵ˿ҲڷϡֻҪػУͿԿϣֱָ
ǿ
ǷֽʦֽĿ£Ҳͫһ¶֮ɫħʵ𾪡
ÿһ𶼿սԪǿߡħȴһ֮£ͽ֮شҪǷػ˲Ϣͻ䣬
֪ħȷʵѹԪ񾳵ǿʵ
ǣȫܸоħʵûг׻ָӵʵһȫָսǾ춯أڵгΪһħǼ
ϵ£Ψħ𣡣
ħЦȼ֮ڲơÿһͷһҽӣҽ֮ɼ֮£˴ĿģȻ־塣
޼跨
ڴ˿̣һĶϺ
Ȼ䣬Կǧٻۣ۳սǲ塷ͬҲ콫ս䡣һʩչս
˲Ϣ䣬ǧΪһ⣬һգۼ䣬һɫۼףֳ־ɫǹﵽɽǧɸߵۡ
ڳֵһɲǡһεѹ糱ˮϯأ֮ûκζħԵֵħѹĵڵء
ľˮ綾׾ַһ
ۼ䣬ŲǹѾƿնֱĳħȥ
һṇ̀
һ̣ܿ޾ڱãܿ޾â磬һǹ֮£ûκ赲κεǰ顣ǹ̺Ѿﵽ޷ĲΡ
һǹħЦ緢֮ʱ˲ϢֲϢѾ׽֡
ħס
ħĿãɫ䣬ŭ䣬ٻһ𣬾ȻΪһɫĶƣǰɼ᲻ɴݵĶǽ
飡
Ȼǽھɫǹǰ䣬ͺȻ飬޴ĳǹΪ⣬׶ħǹԺֲķ֮Եǹ⣬ڣ˺ƻħҪ˺ѡ
ⲻܣ
ħУ޴зһŭ
ⲻѽ
Ӧռ֮λָսɨһеôΪʲôӦɱķŶԣȻᱻһǹͶȻɱˣûҪָ֮ˡΪʲôᷢ顣
첻
ˢ
ɲʲģǹһħ޴շ𡣷ϰգڰУͻȻһţгУУݳǿȻȻľͽħɽȥڹԵԭħܶܣѾУʧ
ڵعʱһֿ־ӿĵס
磬ôܻǻ֮Ҫħ
ħߵĻһ־̲ס֡
ȻһƬ磬ܵǻ֮Щ֮ɲôѺã˲䣬Ѿڷʴ˿еħѪڻ֮£ֱӱµĻ֮һۼûв
ħ򣡣
ħֻſ⻯Ϊ磬ȻҲ޷ֵ֣ȫԿ򲻶ϱͬɻһ֣һ֮棬ͬɣϣϡ
ڴ˿̣ҷֲı仯һɫƾճ֣Ի㻮գħֱӴ̽ħڣϣ̼䣬С
˺һУħʵҪߣǲܵ顣
̼䣬ͿڵħԴԴϵıȡΪеϣһ֮
ħȻôˡħİ
ħ췢ŭ
ĸоһʧһ㱻
棬Ҳڵһʱ䷵ػУһʮְԵͬڵɾ޴ġ
ħǡɱˣ
ֽŹ֮ɫ
ΪҪһӼѵսȫû뵽ֻ档ǿ񱩵ħȻһ֮¾ͱɱֱһ㡣
֮ǰ붼롣
ǻ棬̫ˡ
ĳһĴ
лûԶ֣ǧͽһħѹˡǶôǿĵ̣жеҲǰԲ²ⲻѡ
ȻڶԣͬߣİȫȻǿҡ
ôȥƬռƺû뿪ͨ
ֽʦ˵
ɨܣûпȥͨʱҲ˲䴫ͽġ
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Ѱҳ飬ʱһܹҵȻﵱ壬Ǿܴͽδа취ܹͳȥδزһĿġ
ô𡣡
ֽЩ㶵ĿС
û뵽ô󣬲ɱħҪƬҵһݻ١
Ȼа취
еȻһЦҪɱħƬռͬҪһǺöħ˵ƬռǴĵзָһ̺֡ŵķرԴֻҪʣں˵ǾһĴ͡
ôܹ״
ˢ
ڻһʱͿҿռԵѸٸֳһƬɵĻ֮·ǳϫ㣬Ƭռֽȥ֮ռȻȻľͱûڻ֮С
ǻ棬ͺһž޴Ĵڣٽռһȥһ
ͶӰ
Իռ仯ΪͶӰ磬˲串ռ䣬Ƭռ޷еڿռȣȻ׸ǣǵͬʱֱӾͱ֮ڡռ䣬
ڵռ䱻ɵͬʱһε⣬ǣƾմԭʧٴγʱѾһµС
˵ң˵һ
Ҹ棬񼫸ߡ
Ƭռ䣬Ŀ뿪ӦĳֶصĹ򡣲ǷĹСֽʦɨܣ˵
ڵռ䵽αɵģҪ֪˵飬ӦڼΪ˽ܵܡóȻѯʣסԣʶûһ䡣
ֽͬˡ
ǶǴˣȻ顣
ɨӴ̻Իܸͣݻ£һĶζң룬ȻԿɽ
һɽ
һɽ
һͭɽ
ɽɢı⣬˲֮ͫУֱҫ顣
飡
һУ⴫ͭűƿһʿȻ


1305   ͭ
һȻ֮ǰһ̤Ĺеʿֻ࣬ʮϣԵЩǱϢڸȻ֮ǰִǰΪµ壬ܴǼΪףСĴۣûйģǶѾصС
ȻвٻûеִǷɢطⷨĹķΧʵ̫ˡһ͵Թ
ʮʿһѾһ漣
ڳͿվڴеˣĿһȻһ˿ɵܳģȻӹ֡
壡
ЩУΪߺȻһֻ۵ǿߣ˿̣ϣȻһսף˸ɫķĹâսϲϱãһ֪սײһսףǰʽսײͬ
ͨɫԷγһͼ䣬ȻǺÿģ˸ܵϢս׵ĳ£Ե׿üĵֻۡǷǷУƺʱ˼ǿ
һֻۡ
пͫ΢΢һȻֻ̺ͨȻйأ־ħ֣ǿռơ
ֻ۾ʮֲ
ڱͬʱܵĸо塣
塣
ҲƽĻӦ
󵨣壬˹ʮ֮еĵھӡͫšʶģ͹Թһߣıǵġ
ǵھ󣬺ȻһǿߣһŮӣһս׳гȫȵˣճ˵ߡǷһľɫֻϣһְһѪܣԹһְ
϶Լ壬Ѫˣһȡ
Ϊ廹⣬Ҫмһӣ֪ǵѪŶôȵš
ھӡ
ЦЦûᡣ
ĴڣûɱͫʮɱħսͫɽϣҪһ䱬Ȼ²⣬ͫӦûûֻû¡ǰλͫŵͷŲҪֱӺɱǡ
ڰӶ䱬ˣҲھӡ
쿴бء
ɽɽͭɽӦòͨĽͭɡ
죬ǹȥ
ʿɨӴҲһʱͷڴеɽмͬʱҲҪ֪ͨĽͭʿ˵ǰôûУܶвãǾûмֵӲΪͨ
ȻܱδؾͨĽ
ʿǰɽǰ
ⱦɽȫһͭѻɡСһȫͬ
ʿһö𶹣УϸͻȻ䣬еĽ𶹵ȥͬʱָϳһѺۡ˿˿Ѫ
÷оȻ̺âⲻͨĻƽǾ𡣡
ƽûʲôֵ̫ɾͲͬϵȵϣκֻҪӾ𣬶øӷӼ͡ļֵȫġÿһļֵͬСɡֻڽвԻƽн
ҪԻƽķѾ޴󣬶ңÿһٵĻƽ𣬶δǰһö𶹡ǾеľȻֵһ㡣
ڴ׻ʳУһļֵΪһǧöҡ
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ЩȻôֱ࣬һʴ󱦲ء
ʿɽǰɫȫһֿϲ֡
һֶĵرںܶഫ˵УǶǼΪƳ磬ԪǿáƷĶⱦġļֵһ㶼Ⱦѷɫĳ̶ֳϣħаԡ
˵УѪʵƷʮּҲʵģʵѪµģƷǱͨİõ΢֮١
һѻɽǶôӴһʲƸһ㣬ֻҪһ룬ֹסھǿҵҪռɽ
öƳսףһսס
ͫſоһ¶˷֮ɫͨоǿֵ̫ˣ̫ϡ٣ңɵĻܻȡ̫ͬࡣֵ
ǺöܶҪȫʹֻҪһС֣ǾԷ췭ظɱ䣬ȷʵǲɶõĵر
Ҳ̾
ղأȻǲˡɴҲܲ²⵽ıжôˣɵйǸɵй
ͭɽҲ˲ãȻͭǶıģһ㶼ȾѷɫöǺöʿ̾
ʲôͭ˵ؼ䣬֮ıͭഫ˵еԯͭ죬Уɽͭʵֲͭϵļֵ֪ϡ䱦
ֵϣҪ߳һ˿
Щѻһ𣬼ֵ޼֮
֪ɽֵ󣬶ʱ˵ĿýȻͬıأڰڷǰ˭֣˭˭٣ЩȫǱҪԵ⡣
Ʋģһãеʿ˲ͻ֣ɱΪƶ飬ֱҪ̫ࡣ
ıأҪĳɡ
ͫſ̤ǰһȻ˵
дһ˿ƶ벻ɵ־
ĳɣ⼸Ҫһ롣
ھӣһھҪĳɣδЩʨӴ󿪿˰ɡҪĳɣƾʲô˵ֻһʿЦ˵Ȼ仰Ѿ䴥ŭˡ
ô
ŮʿĿ˹ü䣬ֻйâ˸ʱᷢһ

нͭӱɽϹڵϣһʮֵö
Ľţ˲ΪЩı䡣̧ۿȥ
ֻʿЩѾץɽҪΪǿ˵ҪĳˣǻƨĹأľ˭ġ
ǿΪ
Ҳعأ
ͫĿãɫ֮ǰѾɽȫԼı˶ˣȻеŭ𳹵ױȼ
˲ͱý
ЩУ¶Ź֮ɫ
ɽûж
ɽȻ󣬲ȴţôģǰڷߣĻ֮ǰµĻȣȫһԸֻթ
иĸоУƺʱ޿̲һΣϢ·˲Ϣ䣬ͻữΪ


1306  
һڤڤеĸӦһ֣ٻִ
һţֵùעľɽͫһҪᱦɽɽļֵȻչ¶ţֻܴܲߣǾһ⡣
ֻȷһ㣬ǾǣԲ±أκλ塣ⲻϳҲϷֶΡ
ĿͫǷͻ˶һۣڱ˴пһĨ
˭ûгᱦ
Сģ̺ػ壬Բô򵥵ģɷɾ裬ͫҪǴеĻӦûᱻ
пڴ
Ҳоˣһֲĸоǿô򵥡
ֽʦҲԴ
ɽۻȿ˵ؾôҲܳԼܳȥֽЦǺǵ˵

Ȼ򣬾ڴ˿̣ȻԿڵϵĽͻȻųһ⣬âЩ𶹷׷׷췭ظĸı䣬Ȼ䣬ͻΪһֳľľһϲŽɫĹʬ£ɢϢ
Ϊɫľһȣ͸¶ɫʣƺһ˲䣬չ¶صͨ
ͭΪͭʬͭľͭսìϢһ࣬ȫܸ̺ܵĿ
ʲô𶹱ľ
ãЩͨĽ鶹̺ͨ
ͨɱԣɱǿܣܡЩ֪ʹ֪࣬η壬ֻΪ˶ս
˲Ϣ䣬鶹ɢڵϣϻΪһֻֻܡ
һļգԻΪ棬תת򡣸ϡŹ֣ޱȣĿģΪ˴һ㣬Ѿֱ׵ı֡
ɱܡⷨӦǽҶͨɱϣľļգȻƳ˶ܡ棬ǧһ𹥻ֱҡ
ֽ̲סŴͣǾ˵
֮ǰıɽһ̣Ȼֲ塣ʲôأȫǼٵģҲ˵ǼٵģֻǣҪõأҲҪЩܡ
ЩܵʵȻÿһ𶼲ѷɫڷླս
һ𻹲£ɳǰģܴһûͨı죬ֻҲҪ˺Ƭ
ܰıɽУͭɲ֪ж٣һޱȾ˵֣ЩҪȫܣᱻң׼һ㣬˿κοš
һܣǲ򵥣ԾͭƳܣʮۺҪǿѡͬСɣǷͬСɡҪȫգԴﵽǧ֮ࡣ
аԾ̾
̺һԣһֻԣڣ̺һꡣ꣬ܵڡ
Ȼ֪ʲôطŪô꣬ԷҪٻ飬Ǽɵһ¡ɴˣҲֶܿжô¡
ֱʣһĴֱѽ
ɱ
壬ȻǸ壬ҵľ𣬻ҵɱ
ȥ
һʿͬʱҲֳһ˿ŭؾǰȴգ֮仯ΪУǻ˭ûа취侲
أ˳ˡ

ͫɫ䣬ֻۻȻܿ·һƬ嫵磬ڱôɢ޾ܡ
ֻɲ򵥣Ϊ
Уһ磬ָףԽǻ۵Խ࣬͸ӿ£ܹƿ٣ɱɴ˵еƿ١ǲִ֮ͬo١ҡ
֮ԣҲû˿ѷɫĳ̶ֳϣǱҪǿ󣬵Ȼܴﵽʲô̶ȣĸ磬ȫǿĻԵС
磡
ֻеһһƥƿնһɫľϣʱⱬ˲ͱƬͬʱ粻ϴ֮䵽һľϣ顣

ľͬʱϲϷһööڵϣһ̣ⰵƺ궼𡣳ױԭΡ
ԭˣֻҪɱľЩǴڵġ
ͫĿãԵͷѾ˴𰸡
һ㣬ʿҲˣʱе̰֮ɫԽӵŨ
Щɲֻǽ𶹣Ҫûȥ˵ܹȡһЩաҪˣǲ޼֮ǧ𲻻
¡¡
˿̣ͻȻ䣬еͭٴδ򿪡
򿪵ͬʱȻܿһʿٳ
ЩֵĽʿŶͳһУξսףֻŵĲǱһһȺʿֱӿĻô
ڿһɲǣҲɵһ鴤аҡͷ
ȫ߸ԺжԾӵӡ
ЩǱģȻǲܲµǧУξûǧٻеġȻҲǱɢĹС
һѾ˲õ顣
Ϊ׵ģȻǲܼҵһ졪ܺ顣
˵ܺ飬һ˲š
ܺ飬ǲܲٵĴӵܡ
ַܺܲ׿ܲʧʱܺȻܲ٣ʹڶѡƽݡףۡٶ֮սʱܲפر󡣺֮սʱ±ն磬ŷ˵һ
ΪǱҵԭ򣬸ĲܲٵΡ
񣬸ǵǧУξеĽ졣
ڿܺ󣬲ܺͫһϺȵ״͸޽ɣ
ϺȺѾĳһֻľȥ
ž
һУһľͱԴţһͻΪһö𶹣ƺϣ̺ĳ
žžž
ЩУξ裬ĴȥңǣЩÿһţʵʵľζǱȻУľͨ׷ױһĻֵ˸
գ֮䣬ͱʮֹĻ棬һȺУξڴݺᣬľĵͬʱٽǱɵĽ𶹸ǶǽһǷ
ɣǴٰȺУξҪҪôײУͷܲپŪʲôֽ̲סզ࣬ŴͣǾ
ְɣٲ֣ЩУξɲһȡ
пЦ˵
УξĹͨһ˽⡣


1307 ֽ
УξĹУֱŵơ
״͸޽ɣһֶصķ䣬һϵõױӣа֣ϣƺķ󷨣һȥͨͨĳԭΡ
ЩУξʵ˵ߣȻڴκ֮£һﵽͼΣ֮ǰʱͬõСĺôһ뷨ླѾ֮ңֻҪһչأʱп̤ȥΪһǿߡ
˴˴䣬ӵиֶΣĹУȻӳ
Щܣʮ׺սɱȥһһ׼ңϾ֮໥䣬ĬޱȣܼܵУɱ
Ȼܲ¡
˲Ϣ䣬ʿѾľ˺ƬѪţڴųɫʣʮֵѤȥģٶǷླεǿߣľҪ䣬Щľǿȱ̬ľֱǷ£ƵľʩչֱַͨǸԷˮһɡ
ָͨȥʿǿҲķѣѪ⳹ױ飬ΪС
׵ѣ֪ʲô취ԸЩľܣεĻǾ͸ƾ£˭ɱģ͹˭ܵõǾͿʵ
ֽʦЦ˵
ƾֶΰɡ
ֽҲЦ˵
Ǿ͸ƾֶΰɡ
ҲЦ˵
룡
ֽʦЦЦйâһ֪ʲôʱ򣬶һ覵룬ϣϸСķ˸ɢĹâУܸ̺ܵŷֽĵϢ
ಣ
ƿշ裬ϸСƿշеٶԽǼΪˣգ֮䣬ͳľǰϵĹâʮֹ죬ͨǿ£׶ƽ⣬ͱ·ķֽⷨ
кЩľƺڵĿܽƱֽ⣬˲ͻΪһöö鶹
öǷֽʦƵıΪа룬Էֽ֮мзֽκνƽ磬޷赲ַҪ¶ֽ⣬ԣ޿赲
ͷҵֶΡ
ֽˣֽֽֽֽǧֽ顣
ֽ˼ˣֱӰһջ裬ڵһţȻץһֽֽɱСǣһֽӦⷽģн֮ɫâá
Щֽ಻٣ǧţŽУֱһѻ͵ȼˡڵȼڣʱǧͬʱɢǿ
ˢˢˢ
ܵľֽĻ󣬶ʱ·ܵ޷ܵ׷׳Ż迿ͬɶ˻һ˹ǻ棬ֱûһĵֿڻУƺҪĶ޷ܵһֱܵ
еѡ

ľ˵ϿգֽγɵĻУ˲ͿٱãΪһöö鶹ĵڻС಻٣ǧöн𶹣ҲֱͭӾͱһ
ֵֽͶҪˡȻѾΪĿ⡣
ܻȡô࣬ѾһСĿ
֪㳣֣֪㳣ְ
ŵô꣬Ϊ̰Ķ˲֪ж٣ЩӣԵľʾôܻῴ
˼
пҲһ鴤ôû뵽ֶֽλ㹻죬׳һ裬һЩֽŪһľͶԼ鶹
ңܸоЩľڵֽ֮꣬󣬷׷ʧȫˡȻǻҷ𣬶Ƿ·𱻶ȻһֻأתͶ̥ȥˡ
ӦֽȻ죬ȷʵЧҲǴ׬һʡ
ܺãȻҲܲ¶һ֡
ЦЦֽʦֽѾˣȻҲûʲôҴŵĴ㡣
һ䣬ǰâһȻԿһĹžǰһһףңϵĺڰ֮ɫڲϱõģؽ棬ݳ޳
ۡ
аԷһϺȡ
жԸΪԵͨȻڵ棬ϣͻֻ׵ٴҫ󣬲ܸܱ⡣
ֱĿͨ
ľ˵ǿܣܹΪԭӵ֧꣬ſܵжɱսЩײ֮䣬Ųϡֲϣ
ͨ˵Ǽĵϡ
ңΪ̺Ϊ̺Ƕаԣµ⡣
ˢ
˿̣ųģȻһ嫵İ׹⡣
ɫ⣬⡣
ʿֻǵɫ¾ͽƬľסڡ
𣡣

ɫ䵽ʱЩľڷ׷״Ĳҽƺܿڵڲҫ£ð·ѩۿɼĶȿڡ˲ϢͻΪС

һöö鶹ϵĵڵϣ˲Ϣ䣬ͱȡУΪղء
Щľܣǰ޷ֵ⣬̫Եе꣬˲ͱΪһ꾫ռУΪϵ̡
ԴԴϵĻȥ֮ƬƬĿܳ׻ΪС
һɨֹǼǧ򣬶еľȫһɨաҪյ鶹塣Ҫ鶹ȫʱ
ͻȻ䣬ڴϿգƾճһڵС
УƾճһӨİ׹Ȩȣֱһá
꣡
һⶼȨ˲䱻õķѣϱ飬ΪƬڰɢΪޡ
ˣ
дһĻУƺȫ̺ܲĸ顣һ㣬˲
鶹ʼգΪһľû뵽УӴƾʧգۼ䣬Ѿһɨա
͸УƺܿһŹֵĹײ̾Уǹײƺѿһѷ죬Ī⣬һ˿ѹɢ͸Уо

һһĨڣоųɵİǴ˵еķ˵ֱܹĴڡȻûȻʱͻȻѡ
ˢ
ʱһʧ
漴ʧģ鶹
Ƿ
ǿոҸоеĴڣֻҪһͷƺܽɱǲˡ
ֽʦֽͬʱ˵
ûңӣֻѾѣԣ˵пһֱѵġֻܵӡѡ
п˵


1308 ɻʥ׳
Կ϶֮ϵǿߣںʱȻѾӡַӡ£벻˯УֹϵĴڣ϶ȥв²⣬ֻ·ɲǿг֣ȻȻᴥӡ
ոǵУȫΪڷĹҲ˵ڷĵ̣򣬵ϳϳУһЩֻҪ̫ȫԳ֣һ㣬˵ʲôϾ㴳˼ҵĹУԷĳ˯Ȼûе
Ƕǻá
ͺñ䣬˽լֻҪ£˴УǶûʲôˣֱӿǹɱңеκεķΡ
λ˼Ĺͬˡ
ĹУˣ˭ûȨ˼Ϊ˳ֳͽ䡣
ⲻƽ
һ㣬Ϊ
ƺƣ÷Ϊֹȫѣ׸ա
ϧˣûһ򾡡
һ۴Ͽգ˵

ֽûһˤڵϣеջٶԱһԼջ񣬶ʱоܵһıŹֵĿУջӦòٰɣ鶹²ϰö
Ҫⶼ٣ֽŪǧö鶹Ǹؤࡣ
ܱȣĲܱȰ˱ˣҪ˰
Ҵҵ󣬶Ҫ̫ˣʵڲ֡
ЦЦƽ˵
пƿһʳԴȻӴ󣬵Ȼ˵ԼõıﶼҪͽ⣬ʿֻǣһͶʶѡˣվлر
ô졣
ֽʦѯʵ
¶μң¶ôһ֣ôһֵֵ顣ӸոһУȫܹܵĿ£ǿл飬ң˲֣ʣŷڽеһпȫ۵׵ġҲ˵ǵĹľٶָơ
˵״һֱ
ڰǶԷռݾԵĵƣǾ͸ˣ紦֮˵εĳЦ翴Ϸһ㣬׼ϷŪǡŪڹ֮С
ԣеΣϵ˲䱶
ʮֹ
£ѾĹ⣬ǹȻôԷϳ⡣𣬿ɾʹȥˡ
ֽȻͬ顣
޷˵ȻûֱӳɱҵȣҲ˵ڲȫ˼ɣӦûǴĳ
΢˵
ӸոпΣڹ״ûֵģֻһȨȶѣⲢܴʲôмԳ֣Ǵԭ÷뿪״
Ȼʲôδ֪ʲôпܣҲ²ǴġҲԭ

ͫҲǳĬһ󣬿
ڸոյһĻᡣе𾪲κ١
ߣ̽Ĺ
ͫջܡ
һĵţֱռݶϱĸÿһȻͨͬĵط
ɳɳɳ
ʱֻӸոͫǽǵ⣬һŹֵƺʮˣһǿҵ֮С
ˢˢˢ
ţͿһǰ˸
ãʥ׳棬ʥ׳档
Щ׷Ĺˡ
Щӿʲôԣʲô¡ȫһȺ򡣡
Ŀôʥ׳Уʿɫʱ䣬һ˿־壬ֶĿֲ֮ǰѾĿùֻҪ˵ϣڶ̶̼ͽгɹɳҶʣ¡
ɱ
һſڵʿҲһǿߣͻȻֵĽʥ׳ĻᶼûУѾΧһˣϵë𣬸˸Ž󣬴ϱȥÿһʵʵëޱȡȥǳǧ鲼ա
ۣ
һֻֻʥ׳ë£ʥ׳ķͬΪǿᣬȱȥë׷ױ飬ŽӶë뱬ʥ׳ϣʥ׳ļ׿Ҳ飬䱬ⲻͨʥ׳Ҳûа취ɡ
һֻֻʥ׳淢ѡ
Ȼȥʥ׳в٣ɺʥ׳ࡣ
ǿ߽ëˣһֻͺëǡ
漴ͱʥ׳ûڣʳѪ
գ֮䣬ͱһѩ׵ĹɳΪ˵Ѫ⣬ʥ׳жٴʥ׳档֮ǰ˻ɱ١
ࡣ
ͨʥ׳ƣҪɱǣֻԶ֣ʥ׳棬ȥгɹɳĿԸߡ
пȻ
籩
ͫһĨ֮ɫ漴йâһĳŴƬʥ׳ȥҪֲжֲ
ֻǣʥ׳ϣɱ赲ſڿЩҧȥ
ԿԴࡣ
ͷƤҪ顣
ܣ
пҲûдƴɱѡһ򣬳űͭſ񱼹ȥ
ֽʦֽĿãҲԥĽ󣬸ųűŶȥƿͭšһּ䣬һɫĹͭںһ浴˿˿ɫĹâ
ˢˢˢ
Ľʥ׳Ѿ׷϶ţȫûгɣ·еģֻһǿԱܶѣܵ˽ȥ
ϵˡ
վź¶һĨЦ⣬³һ
ǿռţֱӵͭС
ʥ׳ɽȥֱӾͳռţС
ڿռ䲻֪ж١Щʥ׳棬ֱ׾١ʥ׳糱ˮڿռ䣬½ǵĻᶼûС
ǳֵĲǻռ䣬ʥ׳治ͨĳӣһ𣬹Ҫ£ȻǶ֮һҪȻҲǿĹػ˯
ȥаٵڿռ䡣
һȥͿƾճС
УȻȻĸֳй٣дݣӵȵȣһȻ֣ٴοʼ쳹ͬʱһɫ⣬нڿռĽʥ׳ȫ֡
ˢˢˢ
УУܿЩʥ׳ϵĽⲻԾĿʼϵϱãһʱ壬һʱƽ͡УſڵϡƺС
֪У֮ǰЩܵʥ׳棬ʼ֪УƺѾ뵽˯С
Ȼڻص
ǵԺСΪɷָ
ǵ׻ʱ£ǵ׻ʡ
˾ǴǵoǸĸ񡣱ȥ
һԺС
֪УѾܵĿ뾴η


1309 ռ
֪Убɽʥ׳棬Ѿ¸ı
ԭڷȡȡ֮Ƕе·µĿ꣬µңԡУʥ׳оѪ궼õõϴӡڵѪõϵĽӵŨӵĴ⣬ڱϼ׿йճɫķġ
Ͷƺøһ֡
ң֮Ѿڴеӡǣĥ
Ȼϴ꣬а޳ѪеаЩʥ׳ѪŶԷҳӡǣϧǵֵסаĶɻ
Щʥ׳Ҫûзӡǣǲž֣һ˾ǵõʥ׳棬ϴֶӡǣɻᱻƣֻаҪ
ʥ׳һڳ󣬾Ͳܱշ
ϧڱǰЩͨͨ⡣
öԽԽá
ƽ˵
ֽʦֽһȣŴͣһŹֵı顣ΪǴҪߣû뵽ҪռݵƣǿЩʥ׳֮𾪵ǣʥ׳涼Ź
ֱëֻҪǺöĻģǶȫŹ
鶹һʥ׳涼գȻ֪յȥˣ⣬û취ѱһɣʲô£һҪ𣬱ʳһա
սУҪûѹֶΣ춼ҪɻĮ
ˣ
ʥ׳糱ˮӵȴʯ󺣰ʧ
̰ʿ
ͫĿã̲סһߡ
Ͼתһų˽ȥʥ׳汻ڲߣʱȫ͵Ĵʱ
ˢ
ͻȻ䣬ڴϿգٴγһڵС
У֮ǰֹһεİ׹Ȩȣٴδðſռֱһá
꣡
һռҲȨ𣬿ռ˲䱻õķѣϱ飬ΪƬڰɢΪޡ
̫ˣ
дһĻУƺȫ̺ܲĸ顣һ㣬˲ڶγ֣ԣȵһʱӱ䡣
յʥ׳棬⽫ʲôλãֱûз۵ס
ңȥĹеʥ׳涼ҪߣҪҪ
֡
ֱ̫ˡ
ܷɡ
ԿǸȨйâһֱһ㡣
ãߡ
е͸ܵһǿҵľ֮С·ִͷĸӦ붼룬ʶҪ뿪ֽʦͬˡ
ֻѾˡȨйâһ
Ҳ֪ȨеʲôѾĹеֶΣһŹŹֵɫƾճ⣬˳סУֹŤϱ£һǿƾճ֣׽˰סȥ
е̫ǿȫԪ񾳵ĲΡ
ӵвɿܵΰ
棬ܸܵһŨҵĿռϢֻռ֮ʮֿ񱩹죬ǻҲù쵽¡̺ռ֮УٲȻǽǴͳȥ
շһ𣬻ᱻ͵κεطκ˭֪鷳ˡֽʦɫ䣬ַһʼѾûֹͣĿܡ˭޷ܡ
ץס֣Ҫ֣Ҫֿһ룬˭֪ȥʲôطܹҵ
һ˵
˿ץס֡еĹâţŨ£ﵽһˣֲ
תۼ䣬Ѿʧ
ǴĹʧκʧһ˿ܲ
ɱ֮ǰռӵĿ¡
пܳκκεص㡣
ͨ
һתģڷ֮ǰȫ޷ƿ֪УͳһİĵطȷӦͳŵ׹䡣ȴûڵϣǵˮС޴
䣡
ʲôˮȻôԾ
ֽʦֽ̲סֽ
ˮУˮе¶ʵ̫ˣһȥһɭĺԴԴϵ꣬͸ȥ
ԼϤĸо
ֽѯʵˮи˳̧ۿգֻǣһˡ۾ֱֱģ޷ת
պϳֵľȻѪ¡֣ԣѵǡ䣡
ֽʦ̧ۿȥһգѪ¸߸ң»
пȥҲѪɫҫܣɢһѪɫ¹⣬أϣȻĸоһ֮ˮ䡣
ɨܣģȻһ
ֻеˮһִɫġһֹŹֵϢˮܶѪ
죬ϰ˵
еǿЩȻԵʱκβ˭ԸֱӽУһ䣬Ѿˮ̤վˮϣˮڣˮƿأʵŵơոˮڷУһ׽޷õ²Żȥ
ҪȻڰоͣ¡
ˮôôأֺˮж̺֮ԣڤˮеˮˮ
ֽܣ۾֮ɫǡˡ
ˮȻǲͬģˮûңΪ޴ڵԭˮøӵı䣬ͨ˵ȥմȾһΣѪᣬ䡣һǶõġ
ڤˮˮͺˮһڤˮ˵ǺȥֻкôûлԲôࡣʤö١
Ȼڤˮ޷Ȫˮȣǲʥˮ
ȪʥеĺˮǱɫģںڰУɢĹ⡣ڤˮǴɫģࡣء
ֽȻ֪䣬ְҵִ򽻵ģз·硣ͨʮֹ졣
ӦѾˡѪֻУңһֻ֣ڤˮǱ䡣
п˵
ûеҲһ˽⡣Ѿȷ
鷳ˣǲǲҪܵ޷ֲˡֽʦ˵
ˣ䣬˶ܾ޴ˣᱻޱʴʴѻȥʱ̫ãǻص䣬޷ֲˡؼǣʴԪһʱ²ĥӡǡ
ɽʱѵġ
˿̣ȫԸо˿˿͸ȥֹ̣ڵԪûа취赲ֱ뵽Ѫ⵱Сʴƻġ
䣬˽ΪﵽܵĲΣ𺦣гöʸ


1310 ó
Ҳ̫Сˣ̫ˡһ鶹ץһʥ׳ѣȻóռֶ壬䣬Ȼһȵ
Цҡҡͷ
ʿҪǽ䣬Ҳĵ·յĽǻġ
ΪǿҲû취õĶ䡣
磬ͬط
ԪǾ
ʿһվȻ⣬ҪȻӵжصĹǿǲ䳤ʱ䶺
ô죬Ҫǲһ뿪䣬ξͿˣһʲô˾ֽ˷׻ڷĹеջΪУΣұǲͬ䶺̫ãпܻⷨĵն񡣡
ֽ˵ɫһŭ
а취磬ֻڷ뱾֮ѡ
ͺñǣٻ٣ٻ䡣еĴۣǾ޴ģֽ˷׼Ϊۡ
˭ٻ˭߷ᱨϡ
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Ҳ֧ŵסʱڲ⡣֧Ÿ겢ѡ
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壬ڸżǿϡԾη֮Ы
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ӣܵظֻءѪޣʮ˲壬壬壬ڤ磬ȵȡ֯һ𣬼ֱҳһࡣ
ڣֻת
ֻ֪ûбܵģ˭޷Ӱ쵽ֻصתѾʱֻطָңֻزΨһתͨ
ǰеڤڤ磬ҲӵֻΪת̨Ըҵת
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Щֻط
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Ĳܣϰ˵
һϵѪ£ѾʵȻԷеһѾʵȻҲûиĵĿܡ
οҪ뿪ѣֻҪԸ⣬ʱȥ
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ʱ׼̤԰ʱֻµĺУһˮ·ʲôˮζ
ţͿһ̵ĴͻȻˮ˳߰㳯˲ƹȥңֵĲһǼǧƹ硣գۼ䣬Ͳ˫ϣⴥĹޱȣٶ֮죬˵䲻ĻжûüӦ
Ѿס˫ȡ
ˮ£һǿҪһˮס
ǹȫʮְԵֲ
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꣡
ֽֽĵ£׷ױնϡǿиµĴֱնϣµĴҲ׷ױնϡ
⻹Ҫ𡣡
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붼룬ּ䣬һɫĿռѾǰ
ռţ뿪Ǵֻһ֡
п˵
ֽʦֽĿãͬԥľ̤˽ȥµĺԲһգֽľ㱻ˮУоڤڤϢһȥֻɼ
ˢ
ǵķӦٶȼ죬գۼ̤ռУ漴âһںϣһռ³֣ٴδ򿪡ͬʱ̤
գʲôڲסʱǣҪѪȫԣ֣ˮУҪѷǳѡ
ֽʦ˵
ҿʲô
пйâһȻһֱͣһ˦޳ѾƳգˮУһˮգۼ䣬͸оһɾ޴ӵϴݹƺҪͬһˮС
𣡣
ʮǿ󣬸̺һСǧΰˮйȷʵԵһȣȫǲֵһᡣһ˦֮¡ʱͿһֻȻӺӲ˦ˮ棬˦ߡ
ô㡣ֽ˦ĹҲɷһ
һֻʮƵ֣ͨ嶼ֳһֹŹֵĴɫҪϸۿֻ»ΪһѺݡ
ϰɾ޴ڴϣẒֵ́һĵ̣һϣЩ̾ͻ̽ڣͷųµĶأˮУԽ󲿷ˮУ׽ɱ
ܿϣֳħ֯ãͨ˿ֻ»ᱻŷ

£ħ㡣˵伫ΪµһˮждڣϲɻѪ⡣ᲶʳһһֱܵΪһ֣;ԲǵǳȺӵġУµ϶١
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¡ó𡣡
ȤĿ£ѯʵ


1311 Ȫջ
ó𣿡
ֽʦֽͬʱУ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ䵽ˣڹǰħòóԵ⣬ѵ׵ѻһԻӦøڹĳԵ飬ǲЩ˰
׵ѻһԻ
ֽʦԺһͷ
ܲܳҲ֪ȻӦÿһڤޣӦÿԳ԰ɡֽ˵ǰͨ䣬ҲһЩϵԻѣȥ˽ܲܳԵ⡣
ܲܳԣܷٵֻһᣬԿòóԡпŹ£Ȥ˵漴ͽŽС
󣬻ļٴδӺǿеֻ¡ͶΪӴ󣬶ϰɾ޴󣬿ȫһȻͨ˿²Ҫ
˰ǻŴ֣Եצ¶׺档
ϧ˰ײҲ޷ͨͨѹߡ
ܾ뿪˵֮˽⸽㡣ֽ˵УԲֻЩ£϶µΣաʱ
ڵĹ̫࣬˭֪ʲô
ãߡ
ҲͷӦ
Ĳ˵Ҫҵ飬ܶܵһ˽⣬ҪȻʲô֪һĨڰ档
ֻ飬ץһ˵
䲻䣬ϢȻ䣬Ǿͺָ·һ˭֪ġ
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䣬ȴݻҪĿ
꣡꣡
ڸҪ뿪ʱͻȻһƺǹͷײĹ졣˸оһ󵨺
ƹˮϡ
һֵֻСã·ꡣֻƹס

ŽŲǹŹ˻ƵĸлǷֽʦǣһǶһ鴤оڶ
ŸԽԽȻԿһֻСֻˮͰߣˮͰùͷģʲôģȻ´󼪡
̬ǿ֣Ĳ࣬һֵֻСá
ߣĴӺдͰˮžͳʱķȥ
Сֵܣˮء
ֽ۾һת˳ôк
ף˭ôߡ
ֽͫҲ
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ǸոһЩ⣬·ˣҪСֵܴһ£ʲôŵĵطʱֽЦǺǵ˵
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˲Ծ׽̫Ŀܡ
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СЦ¸µĹ
Ȫջ
һĨ俪ջңΪֹ֪ջˣԲһܹʤεġ
ͬǳǿʳķ
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пѯʵ
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СƺЩ㶣˵ȻгӣһĴ֪ʿΪƷһȪջʳǧ
ǾͺãȪջǱȥСֵǰ·Ρ
Цŵͷ
ܺãдУʳԹʳûƷ֪ʲô֮ͬպץ˹£ҲһݶʳİζҪһ˵
СҲûоܾ
ˮһһҡǰȥֻǣвϷײ·ϵĹͷӣʱпɢһ˵ǰ
һں档
Ȫջʲô֣ʲôҲδ֪ҵôһطҲһ£ûеȥġ
ջֵطӣǴϢõط
֪˶ãһľ룬֪УһջѾǰ
ǿջֳͨһֻҺɫһĸоŨܣεܵſջȥ
ÿջеŨȱǿʢʮࡣ
Уһʺʿбء°빦
ܱܿջܣŴƬһףжɢһ־֮һƬƬֳ֮ɫ·һÿһȭͷСһ룬ףȫǰġ
ǻȪףǻȪջزԶصķģܶʿΪƷȪ׵ģŻȪ׵
СԺ˵ǰǻȪջֱ߽ȥͺˣҪˮ͹ȥǾԱɡ
ȪջܴռݵķΧͬ޴
ӱϿʲôֻһҺǰȪջ
ܿջǰԺиָڽ
ʬ壬ãȵȣ嶼ܿܿţͷ档ҿջԵʮֵ֡
һջһûиôʿһǿ۽ˡֽ̾Σⶼһѵõľ
߰ɣһȥ
׵ͷЦ˵
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ܿջУڷŴΣջһ߲㡣ңǰԺǰΪԷõģסõġʳ޷ҲܿĳȪջĶ֮һִ
ңڿջУһԲ̨ڸ̨ϣȻ޵Ů裬ܣʦڵ࣬ÿһŮȶˣһۿȻĶǽˡ
ջڣܶ˶ǿ۾գһ£Ͳˮûˡ
͹٣ӭλ͹ǰǻȪջڿջУԷϢԺз䣬ʳң԰ȫгһˣֻҪ˿ջǾͰȫˡȪջУֹһɱ¾˭Υ򣬽ܵһȪջĳͽ䡣
һСĹѾЦǺǵ˹ȥкɫ䣬ԣҲǳܱȡ
ڿջУģӵĸʿǿߣˡ
Ŷ֪ǿջʲôֵƲˡУԴʳģ֪ǿջܸܲӹ⿡ȻǮո
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Сһ£ͻش֪͹׼ʳʲô
飡
лּ䣬ʱֻһ޴ĴֳڿջСǴ׳ƺ̺żǿڲϵ


1312 
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ǹµĴ֣öˮУңˮУһǲסˮУȻ׶༪٣һˮеʳߡȻնһ֣ģƲѽ
öǺö˵µĴʮζǶʳֻºԣϡ٣Ʒģ֮٣û뵽ܹȡȻ򵥡
µĴڵϣʱһĿ⣬ջһ˫˫ĿⲻĻ۹ʱдһּǿѹ
͹ȽʳֶʳģĴǿ϶֡
СҲЦ˵
ǺãװĶʳģЩ⿡ø٣һһֲ١ЦŵͷּóһֻڴУװȫʳģһʳôֻйһʳģһֲΪԻڳϣǺܽġ
лʳȻҪµá
͹¥ϯпеλʳ͹ȥҪʳٶɡ
СЦ˵
Ȫջ߲㣬УһΪͨϯĲΪеȣ嵽߲ΪĹϯλݵλǲǶżҪû㹻ʵȥҲȡ衣
һ㣬һļ۸
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Ƿֽʦڸֲϵ֪żΪ̵˽⡣̤ջ͸оһɾϯ·ڱ֮ڡԴԴϡ
ȪľǶı֮һ;㡣
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Ѫһ壬ΪޣŮΪɲòªײаԵѪ񱩣ɲòалŮʮ޶ȣɲϣһܡɲŮӦǿ͵ģλѣҪҪʱѡһλһ𹲶
ֽЦǺǵĶ
еĿŵ٩
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кԥҡҡͷ˵
еŮһЩɲŮѷɫһй֮޲ЩɲŮûеô󣬿ǣҲֻ˵˶ѣ֮⣬ûĶ뷨뷨ӲУ߿ǴһλŮܽڡ
ŶǶ˵һûҰ𡣵Īǻһλҵ»ݣ˾ӡ⵹СŮ塣֪ܷʶһ¡
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ȻԿһɫװŮǰϴһ˿ȤζĿ˹һ̬νдһʥࡣ·ħʹĽ壬ʣʮֶأȴޱȵĺг
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ѻһλ֮ˣҰǴȥϸĺǻҰҲԱɼһʲôءҿֻ벻룬벻ҶѡŮЦ˵ߣλѡ
ߣζĿһߣȻ˵УҵλѣԳƺΪֽʦֽٴγ˵ߵȪջʲôϵ
߹ʱѾ֣ܱ˵Եõͳ֣ƺһּɵйء
ǣ֣ôоЩ졣
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Ŀˣ൱Ȥˡ
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Уڵݣһ㶼û⡣
һ㣬ڽʳĽȪջʱѾº׼ЩʳУ˹£дʳġڤȣϢȫűʵֻҪ۾Ϲ׾еĲͬЩʳĵ
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Ц˵
һΪؼʦĵΪɣǵǣʳ
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ʱпɡ
ǳɣѾصĲΡ
ЩһֱиָʳĽ⿣ļգȻֳǰ˵ֻؼʦﵽǼĲΡ
ڶԣѾﵽǼɵƷס
⿣ڳʦǼΪġ
׻ʳУԭȺܶûдﵽؼʦģѾؼʦУ⿳ʳ롣
ǼǼ֮Ĳ࣬ͬԵġ
ȻܳԵʳգܳԵǼɼգֵڴ顣
Ҳڴ
Ц˵ƹģҲ֪ǴΪһģȪջҲҪ֪һЩйϢУ뿪ķ
ǲҪϢЩ鱨ǿԸǮֽʦ˵
ڿɲ̫ƽڴһȪջҪȻ̫áҪ֪ܱս֡Ҫ촦ս׶Σǻûô׵ִջ
Ц˵
ƺڿǵܺá
ܲ˵һ˵λǵʵΡΪʲô
ֽǺѯʵ
˼ˣ֮ɱûа취ġ
Ȼֵϡ档
֮սǻʲôģΪ棬֮ġλЩͬԭ򣬻ΪŮˡ
߹Źֵ˵


1313 ֻص
Ůˣ
ֽʦֽ¶֮ɫʲôŮ˿֣Ҫಫһ´Ļ൱ҡ
Ҫˡ
ʲôŮˣλƴಫ⵹ҺǺ棬֪ϰܲ˵һ˵Ҳһ˿棬ѯʵ
Զ߽ǰôһλѵǶûп𡣡
Ц˵
ЦУһֶصȻ֮˲ԾľеĸоŮȻǺʵġһһЦܵߵ⻹ϴһɫɴסֵգҪȻȻӾˣɱɱϵ
ջˮ
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ⲻǺջˮʲôͬʱҲò壬λΪ֣˵⣬ò˵ϰ䰡
ϰɫ㣬λΪ֮Ҳƽ˵ȻЩ⣬ҲУѽܡ
ⶼǺ۹ǹԼŪģȻΪڴ֣ʵ򣬻Ϊ̣ռݸĽ򡣺οҲҪȥᣬҾңҪõңģҪõȪջѡοҴû˵ʲôԼҪ
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۹ǹγִսңʵɲ¶ŴĲ¡ܱڣͬڶǿһС
漴Ҳ˵һЩں۹ǹϢ
ȻЩԼӡ˵ġ
۹һӵл֮ʵĹ˵ǰˣԣƿػϲۣһǿ棬ΪѪ档ʮְԵһմȾͻᱻյĻɢƾһֳѪ۹ڹжǺպ
жǹĶ̺ͨǿ󣬲ǹͨͨΪ䣬ӵֻͨҪ˲ͨ£ٻֱָǴСǿޱѲĶ֣ԣǹֱ֮Ϊ
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ڻȪջУܶ˶ͨ뱻˽׬ȡǮƣȡڿջжȥʸУҪľǸԵļˡжĲܣܻȡٵԴ
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УǻȪջÿһ£ῪһᣬϣʲôƷջȡõһΪ档ϣÿζֲٵĺöٹ죬һῪʱ䣬ʱǵȤҲǰμӡһһѹı˵ǻȤ
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ܶ˶ԸתֻأµʲôµľԼֻغ󣬼ȫûˣǰһ֣ɢڣ飬飬һжΪУúܶˣʼղԸܣѡֱӶ䣬ֻء
Ҫܱ֤ļ䣬ٴתȫһֿܡ
ܶߴ·ʿͲһεĻᡣܹߵĸԶԶ׼顣
ӵǰ̣ǰ׳գܿһׯ
ıϢݳȥʣκˡ֪ǿ߻ƴᣬ㾡һпܵõ
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Ʒ֮£Ҳɵ̾
ڸУױȡ
ܵȻʳϸõɶϵʳͬʱڵڷȫһٶȿʼ
һɹѪƾðӿڵıСѪ׳ƤĤ
ͬʱҲڵһʱƿأָоʵ̫ˣû˭ȤġãȫǷѪУġ


1314 ϳ
ʳһܡ
һԣøǿ͸һױȵܡ屦ƶ֮УȻԿһޱƵӰڶУȴʮֶأƮȻɣ£һɶص֮ƮȻɡ
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֮ڿջпϷ
ڻȪջеסҲܿȷʵʮֵĲʩȫңÿסж̺һ󷨣ٶȱյľӴ

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֪Ѿִҹ
ͷѪ¸ӵɢ»ʿԣһĪ棬ԡ»ܸоʣ
ʱסķ򿪣ֱȪջеƬ㳡
ڹ㳡УȫԿдʿϯضŵ̯໥̸ɽܿʦֱӽ¯˿죬һּΪĻڴŲϣƷʦֱǰڳӣôֳʼд
пҲûо֡
μӹУУʲôЩ棬Ͳʲôֵġ
㳡󣬿˿ܣһյأֱӾڵóţϯضͬʱһ泤ᦡϳɣ
󣬾һ
ĺöǲ٣ܶ඼ûеϡƷ
Ȫջϰߣڹ㳡УռݵȻõλãֱֻӼһڴڹؽҲ֪ڰʲôӹУһ㣬̲סһֿ
ѣζ㲻㣬һɡ˵ʵڵģڻȪջеĿˣûһǲȵġϰﰾ֪ġϧֻֻ㹻ƷܻȡһҪȻֻš
ʱԱߵһӰͻȻ˵
Ŷʲô˵˵ڴ󲿷ֹȥֻʱҪܹϴȥ䣬ϰﰾƵҲϴȥɣĻ˭Һ
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ǵӰݣȻһʬЩŹ֣ϴһۣôЩ죬ǰڷŵȴһЩЩŹ֡
ϰɲֻͬʱȵǽˮˣһе½ֻأʼµһˮֻءϰϴӵʣԪ񣬶ңϴȥħᵽĸдô࣬һĹ屦
ʬЦǺǵ˵
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û뵽ϰ˵档ˣǰڷŵЩʲôܷ͡˵һ˵
аȻ˽̡
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ңҲǸͬǶһ޶
ⲻò˵棬䣬ϼңΪصļ֮һңҲǵĶ֮һȪջܹ֮Ϊ֮أϼҵݵλŲɷָϵ
ʬ
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ʬ
ûһˮҭ̲סҡһ¡
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磬һֻʬʬʬôô˾˵ĹءûΪԼĶͻȻ⡣
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ѿǽʬһ壬ɽʬʬΪ˸ʬЧ𡣡
йŹֵĿʬ˵
ʬʬⲻ
ãȻãʬҿ洫ģǰǵʿƳʬǳ͵ģڽʬЧ
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漴ֿУѯʵˣϳʲô˼
ȻǺ棬ǰʲôûаڷųȻ׽
ϳɣǿԽֲϣȵȣһ𣬽кϳںϣúϳɺƷʱøߣ磬ƷԺϳɳƷƷǼƷƷҩԺϳɳƷƷƷȵȡҲںϳɾ
ƽ˵
У
ܱʿһ̲סһеĿʱýȻͬʲôǱΪͬķͬƷ֮䣬ֵĲ࣬ʮĵܵõ棬ǲɹ


1315 
ܶʿƷƵҩǣΪ֪ƣףҪƳƷƷķҩǻжôѡֿʵ߷ֿã˵ܳɣãǾ붼룬ڣоȻ˵ԽƷϳɳƷƷƷƷס
Ƕô˼顣
ʬҲ¶Ŀɿڴ顣
ĿԺϳɣĿƷʡ
ʿʼѯʵɫʮֹע
ȻҼȻƣǾȻȷܹϳɡϳʧܵļʣɹļʲǰٷ֮٣ԣܲܳɹɺϳɣ⻹ҪԵãɹãǾʧܡһ㣬˭޷档
п˵ϣȫûбҪѡ
֪ɹж١
ʿѯʵ
Ҳ۾Դʮֹע
ɵĳɹʡʮУܳɹΣȻãܹɹΣҲпܵġϳɣƿأԼԳ֣ܷɹͿҲ棬Ҳ治ˡֻǱ׵ĳɹʣʫУضɹΡ
Ȼ˵
ϳɣõȻ컯ħħŽѾӵĳɵĳɹʣʮУĴܹɹȻҲʱﵽɵļʡֻûнɹ˵ôߣɣѾǼߵһָʡ
ʿޱȾ޴ġ
ͬƷƷԽߣֵʮٱ
˵Լϳô¡ܷۿһ
ʿ˵
ΪۼΪʵϳôҪۿ󣬲ŷܡ
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еȻһЦһ䣬Ϳһö״ħħ컯ħȴħı壬ֱӴӺͶųͶӰ
ͶӰʵʣбйܣϳʱܵʲô̫Ӱ졣ؼǣͶӰĻͶӰʮܵϵơȫʿͬʱϳɵ󻯵Ľħȫ
ǰľ컯ħҲǺϳ裬ҿԿҵıͨʮƷзҽзŽħ֮ڡȻϳʱһҪʮʮݣҪݣݡȻԽ࣬һϳɳɹǻȡıƷʣͻࡣɱĸá
һ˵һ鿪ʼϳɡ
㿪ħһ񣬽ֱŽȥħͿʼתɫĹâڱáħȻֹͣһ˸ķħ˳
ǡзԣƷзҵĹԹԣոշŽȥʮƷϳɺȻƷֱ棬˼飬ƷƷ֮ķзʮϰٱǶô޴Ĳֵ˲䱶ϳɣ̫ˡ
һʿһ
£ƷƷ֮䣬ͬʮңƷƷ֮䣬ͬˣƷƷ֮Ĳ֪࣬ȫȻͬĸ
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ʵʵڵıΪ
ûгɣٴóŽ컯ħУħйâ˸漴Ϳûµϳɳһ촷۴ħŲƳ
ǺϳʧܣеĲϱȫữΪ촷ۡʲôˡʧܾһС
ܵʿѾףȻǺϳҪеķա
Ҫ̫ĵرһϳʧܣǾѪ޹顣
Ȼͬϱ֮ĺϳɣɹͻƷϵɱ֮ͬ䣬ǺϳɳɹᵮȫµıġпܺϳɳǷƷҲпܵõⱦġܲܳɹǾ仰ȫƾֻṩϳɵƽ̨κϳɣǾͿԼġ
еȻһЦƽ˵
֮ͬκϳɣҪϳطˡطôģȻһδεĳԲܻȡ磬оһЩϳطøֲϺϳʱóĳɹ
ͭˮ񣬺ϳɺ󣬿ԵõһΪǱ񡣱ǳͭǺƷ׶ߣֻǳıģɺϳ֮ǱƷȴһԾﵽؽƷΡֵ췭ظı仯ңƷżá
Ըǿߡ
ֺ֪ϳطļֵжߡңֻеطû컯ħɺϳɣеľûа취Ǳ񡣳պϳͨӦıԴطɺϳɡ
ѣϳôģǮƷ֡
ߵĽʬ̲סѯʵ
ĺϳֶΣôûа취Ҫϳɣ϶Ҫ۵ģźö֡
ܼ򵥣ϳһΣϳɵʲô϶׼ݣһǺϳɷãУһǺϳɲϣǳɹʧܣյƷۣͯÿϳһΣأȻǲóӦĲϣƷĵرҩ߲ܡ
п˵
۸
ס
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ֹأнйϵġû˭ʲôƽһžտмգǾе̡ˣҲˣֻ׼Ĳûô࣬ҲҪ׼ݡ
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ϳɵķһݺϳɲϣֱ൱ۡ
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ϳ˼һΡҵʬܲܺϳɡ
ʬȤ˵
˵ţóʬУóʮʬŽ컯ħУȻģħѾɢһŨŨ⡣תš
ˢ
âһһħи˳
ǷȻ֮ǰʬӵ죬ĸӸӣӾˡ
ƷʬƷʬ̫ˣȻҵôǿһξͳɹϳġҪˡ
ǽʬ˷ܵһһģԵʮ˷ܡ
ΪǱΪ
ϳɳɹֵ
ϳɣҲҪϳɡϴҴڳʯʯֻͨϣҪǲǼֵ˵ı
һʿ˷ܵǰ˵
ҲҪϳɡƳĵҩƷҪܳΪƷƷǾˡ
һʦ˷ܵ˵
ƷƷܱ𣬲ܱȰ
ǲı
ܶĿ£Ѿлȡ


1316  ·
Ҫ˶лᣬһԿʮͬʱϳɡģͯۡϳɿƴƷϣҽܺ˵ͷ
ЦǺǵ˵
ͬʱּ䣬ٴͷų컯ħͶӰ಻٣ʮͶӰһԿʮ˿ͬʱкϳɡȻ׬ǮٶҲʮ
ȻǺ¡
вȱǮʲôǮƶȱ֣߱£Ǯ⣬Ǿͨͨ⡣ֻǣܶණǮƾŪġ
ñڵĸĵرҪŪǾǧѡ
лᣬȻдһʣܵķḻղءڽֶ顣
ϰ壬Ҫϳɣķá
ҲҪϳɣϡ飬ôܴǰһЩղƷʵ̫ˡлϳɣҪܺϳɳƷʵıģǾʲô׬ˡ
ȻЩԣɹջļʿҪ߳࣬ʮУôҲܳɹΡôˡ
һʿ׷׿ڣǰкϳɡ
ʯȪɳǵȵȣ׷ױ˳ЩУȻٲеһݣôţѾдĵرСޱ
նյֶҪˡ
ϳȻʧܵģŴıﻯΪ촷ۣΧ۵˷׷׷̾Ϣɹʱȴ¶һĽı顣
л˲ٵĺñ
ںϳɺ󣬶̥ǡ
˲ͼʿǿҵĿʿʼϳطҪԸֲͬĲкϳɣ޹ĺϳɣ컯ħĺϳɸ޷ģЩ޷ںϣֻʧܡȷĺϳطܺϳɡ
ʣڽѾΪһ󽹵㡣
֪У컯ħһʼûͣЪʼնתҪʱͻȻ䣬Կһ۵Ӱǰ
ܱΧŵʿ϶ʶ¶һĨɵ֮ɫžԱ߽бáȻʶʿ
۹
ͫһϵĺϿݣۣңʿǿȻĿܾԭ
ϸܵ£ʵ֮ǿǿвȻͬСɡ
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ۿѯʵдһλߵϡ
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ƽ˵
ǰ۹ϴŵǺۣǺġĺĺǲͬģϱ鲼һĻѪơһĪŭ
ϧ϶˵ûκεЧ
۹Ҳûԥóöɫľʯ컯ħз˽ȥ
ħϹâһգۼ䣬Ϳһõķɢڵءϳʧܶգ۹һ㶼û⣬óµĳ쾧ʯһδοʼϳ
ڵĴʱâһһöӾӨ貵ĳ쾧ʯ׺ϳɶʯ棬ܿлȼյ״ʮֵ졣
龧֮ǰóƷھȻɱƷ龧ҵĹԹԣ˵龧̺֮ϷƷԽߣ̺ķϾԽܹ࣬зңܿԷѵõǶԺ۹˵龧еıƷʮֿأƷľѾǷƷľ͸ӲҪ˵
ʿϳ۹еĳɫʯһּΪĹ屦ֵǷ÷Ƿ
ãƷ龧û뵽ȻԺϳɳͨȻ档۹УиֳһֻȵĿ⣬Ȼ˵Сӣҳǣ㣬ֻҪҺϳɣȻܲٻ󡣡
۹ڷ
ȥϳɣȪջĳǲκҲһһ㣬ǲıġкľܾ
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СӣܺãĪǲ֪Һ۹ͷ
۹ɫһ䡣еĿԵЩơ
⸽ڣʲôˣҪη֣û˭ӵġ룬˭Ϊ֮ϲ񡣰Ͳܹ׷ھȻԥľܾ
һ˿Ƕûй
ϣۣǴڻȪջǿ°ඣѵǣȪջʲôطˣң㵱ҵ棬ֱвҵѣǲеû۵װɡ
ʱһŵ٩вĻڹ㳡
ϸȥȻԿһɫװ磬ϱһֻڶǹһ˿Ȥζ˹ü䣬һĨ
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۹ĿãϵĻ·Ҫһһӿ
ȥô㣬ۣѾˣҴڶн꣬ĵӡܴѽܲҪĴۡǿд乴꣬ٹҹСĵӣ治һĴ飬㶼ĺܡ
ЦЦĿ۹˵УûаЦ⡣
ٶ£Ǳģȥ䣬˭ܵţ仹ûнңǹû˭ʸңЩڶˣҲʱֻضѣݹ˭õ˭ʸΪԣ꣬㻹ûʸҡ
۹Ц˵
ɫüΪơ
ǺǣҪлǣаǽɣ𼱣Ȫջ֣ۣܶ㻹ȻĳǣҹǰһֻζԿǹᣬͻȥ׼ǹǲһǴûô
Ц˵ְγŵǹевתٱãε
ߣ
۹һ˿ΣյĹâշһߣת뿪Ȫջ
Ȫջƴ򶷣ֵĺûܹ𡣺۹Ҳҳ֣Ҫ֣δߵĳȪջ
ⲻвʵ
׵ѣû뵽ǾȻǻԵҪһȥ͡ȪջĳգҲջѷɫ١
ɫŹֵĿУ˵
ʵڿʱҲǱһɲ䣬䣬ôģң˸о˼ˡʵ̶ǷǷ
иӡʮֵ̡
޷ǣ컯ħǵ׸еģħϣǾһӻһӣӵɳ׵׵⵰ڶûг׻˿̣ȴɱ䵽˲Σֱǲ˼顣


1317  ҵ
˲ôܻ᲻֪ԲʲôͨǵԼ׸ħ仯֮ʵȫ޷󣬲Ŷ೤ʱ䣬Ȼͷ츲صı仯ڻԺϳ׬ȡǮƱֱһǻڵĳӶҪˡ
컯ħôûô档
ֱ˱ˣˡ
ȻȻڣҲûпڶ˵ʲôϾʱףǸȡ裬ȫƾԸ֮ǾԼ޹أûʸȥ˵ʲô
ʵϣҲܹõ컯ħ϶ȵԼУ֪ҪǿٱƷϣѾ̫࣬ǻƽףڷѾԽƽףٶײε챦Ʒײܱͬȵˡֻ˵
ʶʣ˾͸оʹ
ҲãμҲҪˣȥǰ
Цŵͷ
ϤˣһˣʮѵãϾޱߣСһġûԵС
ߡ
ЦǺǵ˵
漴ҲħͶӰεĺϳɣѾ׬ƷڱѾǶѻɽˡöɲ١ϳɵ⣬Ҫϸˮ
ǰľ¥
ڵСк£ֱ¥
˵ſھ͵һƲˣСһ
ǰ̵ζ˵Եѣ˵ҪﻻϡƷġ㾹Ȼֱӿھ룬ϰĹϵһ㰡ǲá
ۣ
ոպȥľƵ˳¶֮ɫٴܣæ˵׵ѣֻɲ˵ɱѽϰҿˡ
Ŷôôϰ
кѯʵ
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һ˵
ͷһãȻȻıֳһַɧȡ
ϼĺǿôм׷ʵ
ٺ٣ţǿĴͨߣ˵ϼǿǿҪ֪ϼңŴġɫص˵
ҲǰȻΪе˼˵Ǵ죬ǷܣʲôͬŮ洴壬ڤӴ찢ȵȣƾմ컯һ㣬ȻǺʵĴͨߡĴܡ
ˣιǴҺ۹鷳ʲô飬ҪЩ֮ǰ˵Ĺ١
ѯʵ
˵ʵڣ׵ͻȻǰ䣬ɲǺʱ䲻̫ƽΪںϣ֮Уӣ֮䣬Ҳƴ̣ԭȵ˾ظ񻹴ڷӡ֮Уʮޣۣڱչ֮СȻȫȻ޷֣Ҳûа취̫Ϊֻеȴӡ׷ſ󣬲ܳʱӻҡ뵽ȻС
Ǹ̾˵
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ǴҪġ
ʱ̣һ죬˵ǶشʧԺδĻᡣ
ȻЩܶڱչ֮Уǹ˭Уȥ飬ǰʲô涨
ٴʵ
ⶼţȻ֪ԽԽá
䣬ⶼǲΪ֪šԽƿһЩй鱨
ǹڹƹܣӡɢǰܣֻ꣬תĻй¼ΪڶˣǺܳġʿĽˮǵ˵
ǵĴϰҪţжţ
ǵǹ£κҪɱҪбҵ׼ҵǿɲǿЦģĺɽʲôģҪɹǼ졣һ
ȻⲢܶžɱĿԡ
ЩģԸڣҲԲŹܹȡǰ档
ͱ۹
Ӧþ֮ǰ۹˵˭ᵽ˭ǹˣɱҵֻҪȡ£Ȼϴ塣ӦҲеǿʳǿΪ𡣡ζ˵
ǣɱΪҵͲǹֻй޹ݣϿɡܹҵϴˢɾһȡ£ҪȻ򣬶᳹ˡңǹҲӲ۹ɱǾҪǹ֡йĵˡ¹֮
Ц˵
ܹ⣬Ҫ֪ɱΪңɲŲʵĻĶɢ˭䵽ʲôô
Ϊάͬ棬ĹǷӵ۹һֵסǾֻȥΨһĽ
Եѣ˵Դǰĵ·ǷǷ䡣ٴѯʵһܹͨʣ䲻׾ٵ顣
ǿԴͨĵ·κεطԴ·ҪضǹŹءҵĹŹأǰ䡣ĹŹأѾ۹ƣҪ뷵䣬ͱȽ۹
ҡҡͷ˵
ô˵Σ۹ǰǰῪһϰˡ
׵ͷʾס
׵ܹ͵ѻ䣬κ⡣Ц˵
ǰһλǿıҪǴʧڹи󣬾֪ԲһλͨʿݵλǵСڴΪϿǿвٶȣǿֲ
ңϣ֮
Եѣ׼ʲôʱʼ֡г󣬹ϵ
Ȫջһᣬ᲻ϸԣʱͶ֮ǵĵĻпǺܶöҴϰ֪УϢУУлԴʯǿƶ鱦ϣıġܶѾжʱ򣬿϶һ
ңϻб˰ǿ屦磬Ǳ԰ˮҲ֮С
ЦǺǵ˵
ϵĺöܶ챦С


1318 
ֻصϢ˰Щһֲǿȴϣ˵ᣬδػȵѷɫ١һ̶ϣѷɫ
ȻһӿֳǿҵȤ
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ɫص˵壬󣬻Ϊϣеƽ⣬ﵽһΣ޷ٽͻƵģԣҪǰ䣬ֱӹȡ̺꣬Ϊϣƽ
һżΪµĽɷţһֽݾû·ҪͻƣԺѲ˶Ҫɺꡣ
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һ˿˸ɢȥûУѾܵУ˭ûз֣һѾʧˡ


1319 ڤ칦
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ǰõǣвзϵԴǿڹž֮ں֮ǰȡĸֹټϸҵĹžӵԣǳЩеľΪһ壬γġڤ칦
ҵʸݸ˵Ǻʺֻͨƣͨ˶磬Ҳ˵ֻҪкģлԵʯҲɱҵġڤ칦ʣҵɱ䣬һԷɱ䣬Ϊ壬ʥ塣ɸ
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вʿڳԹ緹󣬷׷׿ʼȺӵ뿪ջһ߻һ̸߽š
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綴׹ɽڤɽڸڣܹȡԴıأʿϲıءҲ֮ء
ǾסڻȪջУҲɽգмյȻԣûмյģҪѰԴҪȻֻһϳȥ³
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ֽʦںȪѪ󿪿˵


1320 ǿƼ
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ζָһɫװŮӣŮŴ磬ʮֵ¶Ǵ󵨣ѩ׵ļɢ˵ϣͿκʬĺۼѾһŮһһЦǹǡ
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УҲǿһ˽⡣˭ߡ


1321 
ᣬһ
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棬ȻԿһöҩڷ⣬ǵҩأͺһСɵĺɫԲ̲ࡣ


1322 ŭ
һģһöֻصֻصλѶİֱֻתңܱ䣬ܹȡֻе컯ܹҩ׹ǣҽˡӵͿȶһһ컯һεĻᡣһźлֲ
ֻ֮챦屦ϡ٣ָɽֻصڶԣֵǷ۸ȻҲͣڿʼģ׼ǧڤҡÿμӼۣһڤҡ
ϰٿ˵
ȻľͽֻصĹЧ˵ͬļ۸Ҳ㹻İǧڤң䣬ͬһ֣õĳģ֮١ң⻹ֻǵ׼۶ѣһʼģǼֵԲֻǼǧܴסġ
ǧ򡣡
۹һھġͽ۸ֱʣȻС
ǧ򡣡ԶǸں۹棬ֻҪܸ£ǲʲô鶼Ըȥǲʹ졣
ôô
ǧöֻصҶҪˡɵĳ־ġ
ֻصƺһڱصõ
ͬʱʿһֵв
˭ҪᣬǻҪϸСǲǻᱻһʬɽѪɱ߽߳Ѫɺӡ˭һҪСĽһԣܲͻǾͲܱþͱá
ڴ˿̣вҲá
ֻصŻڶϣ
û˭ֵܹסǿջ
ԵǰƽȣҪԣƾԼʵ
δЩʰɣȪջпɲһ죬ҳǧ򡣡὿Ц˵ɲ¡ֻصǰʲô鶼ܷŵһߡ
ܺãǧ򡣡ٴγۡ
ţ۹ҲڼӼۡ
ֻصıǰûʲôԡ
һڣ
пˣſڼ䣬ֱӽ۸һڵۡ
ȫסǿߵĿ֮ġ
һһǧ򡣡
۹ееĿʮֲƣΪı䡣
ڣ
кļӼۡ
һӼۣ·һˮͷϣУʿһеĿüΪ𾪣ȫǲǮƵһ¡
˭ġ
ⲻרҳӵȫûǮҲôյİ
ҳڣ
Ц˵ɫ䣬ѾЩ˴ĿġԵ
ʮڣ
ƽ³һ
У
һȻһ
ֱۣۡţɱһȥԴûˡ
ʮڰʮڤҡңҲһҡǺεȾ˵ۡ
Ķڷ
ߵҲǵһоͷƤڷ飬еĿ⣬ȫڿһɽɽһƶ·ϱء
ˣʮڤң⵽˭ǰôû˵֡˴ֱʣôӦͨ˲Ŷԡ
Ҽ֮ǰڻȪջУ¶һϳʦݣܹ˺ϳɸ챦û뵽ҾȻ˵ķ񡣼ֱ˰
ˣʮڤңǹûа취õĳó˽ǣȴɵľ˵˳ĵ̵жǿ
ʿԺ˸Ÿָͷ
ʣѾ׽ĵףӡ̵Զǵĳ̶ȡ
ܺãû˳۸ߣʮڵģֻصϡ䱦һΣ´λ֪Ҫȵʲôʱټ
ϰҲǱеֱʰľ漴֪Ҫˣַ̧۵ľٶԽ˵֮ǿѹȥһ־޷ͷȻȻپġ۸񣬲Ŀļ۸
ȻҲ
ȻûУʮһΣʮΣʮڵΡɽ
ϰ￴ųɳĬľֻܿ䴸
Ҳʹ죬ԥľͽһöҽ˳ȥ漴öֻصС
У֪˿еĿûȣǴһ˿ɭɷԺ۹ΪǿҡЩɱ⣬Ǻڵġ˴Ŀġâڱ
Ƿŭˡ㷸ŭΣ䣬ҳ綼Ҫ뿪õеģԼġġ
ܿе̰ɱ⡣
Կ϶ԺֻҪԼ뿪Ȫջֻ£ͻʿԼɱֶ֣ΣȻǲǮƶģĵ
׵ѣֻǷŭˡֵͷ飬Ҫеķտ̫ˡ
ǹŹֵĿУ˵
ڴ˵൱ǵΪ
ǺǣˮڣҲһɱֶѡ
ƽ˵
ѹȻõǡʱ̣ҪڻȪջ۹ѾսҹҲ½ʱһսǰֻҪɱ˺۹Ҳûйϵ·ͿԽͻ䡣
С˵
ص䣬ȻҲͳװȫˣȫǵЩ鷳
ʲôʱ򹥴۹жǿ߻Укѯʵ
۹꣬ҲɣԣѾŭǹǣͷܶǿ߶ѾӦ֡УӦʱֱǲԳǷ𹥻ǣƺ۹
нʬҲǿߣΣ۹벻ѡĳͱҹ߸ģԲκ©
ԥ˵
У۹Ѿ̫ķˡ
ǣⵥʱݿɿϢ۹ƴ꣬꣬һΪ磬Խӵɲ⡣ȻҲĴֻȴûѡߡ
ҪƴһĴ㡣

ڿʼϢ
ϰ￪˵
ϢģôΪ챦ڿʼģ׼ۣһǧڤҡ
ʮڣ
ڿʼʱ³һ۸
˲佫һȫѹȥ˿ڱ۵ĻᶼôһɱڵĸʿϢҾҪۣģҪֱ¡
ȻһƬž
ֻһУ˭ûмӼۡ
ǲӣ˭ûа취˭κƢ
ֻǶԼȤıŻ֡
һЩƷֻҪ̫ԼҲûеģ׳ֵ֣Ĵ޼ÿγ֣ǽ۸ֱһ̾Ϊֹۡ
ֶҲǳá
ǿصıС
֪УѾ˳


1323 ޵
ˣ˲ã׵ѣֻǷŭˣңƣ¶Ҳ̫ˣֻѾΪǿеһ⣬ߵıأȥ󣬾ܴڻȪջڻȪջҲһ԰ȫ˵ֶβ֪ж٣㻹СĽĺáֶ̫οϢ䡣
뿪һ·зס޵ķٴοѵɫĿ⣬һء
У¶ĲƸʵ̫ˡȫһδεҪıֶȻһȫ۵ǮƽоȫΣ޴
һλ֪ǿչ¶˷ҡ
֪벻ΪĿĽ㶼ѣЩǰ
ֶԵôֱҰ
޷ÿЩ˵ŪʲôֶΡҪңҲҪʵǷ㹻вûио̫ĵǣʵǣη塣ֻһ߻ѣ䣬ҲԱûʲôˣԣεĴֱ˴š
Ҫء
Щ¿Ψ߳
ͺáһУ׵ͷˣոѾݳѶϢԺ۹𹥻ʱҪǲμӵĻʱɱ
ʱ䣬׼һС
۹˵ȫһֱΧ״̬ǳ׷ǣŹأ򣬾Բܰѹļӡ
ãһעġ
׵ͷӦ

ҹ˫ͬ졣
ˣ
⴫һһȻ˽׵ѣ֪ܷ
дӾж⡣ƽ˵
׵ѣðǰຣ
ֻѾĵ̤˽һŴ磬Ƕǣò˵һ֪βܽŮԵչֳУС
ҹãҪǴȥδԵѵ̫áеȻһЦǽʬᡣ

Ҳ⣬ֱڷ˸ЦΣȵѾ˵ˣûУʲôϵҶԣνѡӦǵԼɡĿ⣬ЦЦ¶һ˿ζ
еĿ⣬һĽᡣƺҪγˮ
˵ܶҡҵ־еȻһЦҹãӦòǽҪ棬ʶһ°ɡʲô黹ֱ˵ɣҶʿĨǲ˷ʱѡ
ûжĻֱӿżɽ
ǰֻҪһǧѹѲ濹ľʲôġȷʵмҪ顣ɫһ漴˵
Ǻǣ뽲е
ǰʣеֻصǷԸ֣Ը⣬Ը㹻ĴۻȡֻصضõѳԿ
Ὺ˵
һĨȻ֮ɫֻصջȷʵ㹻޴󣬵õͿлڶԪľ˵ǼֵһȫµµĿʼΪˣǻԥƴᡣȻں֮ЩԪľǿߣϾԪľںϵĻᣬתֻȥˡ
ֻصļֵ˿ûнͣУǾһֱĵơ˭Լֶ̫ա
ֻصļֵӦú֪ܸʲôۡ
еȻһЦûдӦҲûоܾǿѯʵ
Ҳ۾һеϣȻʵǶ⣬ҲһЩö嵥ֻҪ㿴еģʲô˵
óһ嵥˹
пҲܾ˹̧ۿȥ
ȻԿȷʵгı
взиϣҲڡ
һŶڤ𻯾һԼȡ֮𻯷ɵϹʺϵľǽʬһ塣ɽʬǿ߿Ķ⹦ԢҪԽʬ֮еմﵽѵĿģʮֵ졣
ȻǽʬԵ飬ǹȡʲôɾͣ˶ġ
ŹֵͬǷ䣬ֻҪȥ֪ʿᣬͳһǿߡ
Ź㣬嵥Улַ챦ϾֻصȵģҲֻ챦ʸ񣬷
ǹǬۣǧͨ鱦񡭡
ܿ챦Ƴأֵȵȡ
޵ʲô
ͻȻָ嵥ϵһƷѯʵ
棬ֻл޵֣ûоĽܡ
ԣʲôõģҪƾԼȥ²⡣
޵ǰõһ챦ڤޣн޵Уڻ޵ڣһصתΪޣֻҪںϻޣܻȡһЩޣпܻΪпܻΪսףпܻΪӵвͬĿܡȻƷǲͬġû̫ĹɿԣҲżĹ
Ὺ˵
޵ȻԹֻ֣ⶫʿûã޲
һ㣬ʿûа취
䵽У˵ȫһּߣõԲȻ޵ʵҲǿһֻ־ֱĶʳ֮ζ֮ϧȻҲͳ嵥ϣʵвжô󣬻˵䣬֮ء
嵥пᣬ˵嵥Ȼӵвٵıֻصȣ޷ֻصҲдãܽ׸㣬Ȼ嵥ϵıҿǮҪʲô۸񣬾ܿڡ۸Ȼ⡣
׵ѵҹȻֻҪ۸ʣ嵥ϵıδؾͲܽס
Ტûжоֻܾصеʲô⣬ıУҲóȥȻнףͬǰĿ֮һ
һ
˭֪ежٵǮơ
޵ҪˣƳأҲҪˡ
漴Ϳڣͽ嵥ϵбȫ£ȫûа͵۸ȻǳΪˣƵҡ
ԴˣҲʮ⡣
ǰĿȻѾõʵ֡
׵ֻѾǿ߸ˣλǳرӣ϶ѾǺϡʱ򣬻ҪСһЩòҪ뿪Ȫջ֪һ֮ΪѪ䣬һ䣬Ȼʹ֣úʮҡҪ䡣
Ὺѵ
Ѫ䣿
аһݣͷʾ֪


1324 
ϣѾܹĳӦһʮִ֮ȻоûдҪԷͷӲΣǽ֮£ɲΪԼ˼ɣʲôܻΪġ磬ʲôⶼпܷܶпһ˲䡣
о仰Ͳ
Ȼ治
޵˶ãȷʵѵõֻҪõĺã˵ȫԳΪһѹ׻ʳ̵
뿪óǼ޵У޵챦ȻԿƺص˸ޱȣĪ⣬һʵɫʡ
׽
޵п۳ޣڣԼǾÿһʿҳϿɿĻ飬пܸϳɳĺãδزδһǱ
Դ׻ʳˡ
ǿǿ׻ʳʿǾսһݾ
ζݴ
ñ
аԵͷ漴
йâ˸󣬵վţ򿪷ţ뿪䣬Ȫջǰ¥¥󣬷ԸС׼һƲˣͬʱǰȥϰǰ
º󣬲ûеȴ̫ʱ䣬ûãͿһ欵ϰѾ¥ֱǰЦ˵ôǷޣʱҹĪҪһȪջΪṩӻʱ£ѵڿʼˡ
˵ţü䣬ζ֮ɫ
벻ӡ̶ѡ
ȻǣȪջֻҪҲ뿪ѵϰﻹ׼Ҹ߲ɡЦ˵
һȪջӭһаúƽĵѣֻҪܸǮڻȪջס϶öû⡣ҶǼΪ档ζ˵ң֪һ˳׻ʳĹٷңӵޱȣң֣ϣУһֶصĵˡΪУΪһ֡
ĻҲûУֻǣһܹóĿ˴Բͨ˿ӵеģףʣ׻ʳкϵ
߲ǰ׳գкڵĳУѾа˲²⣬²ģֻǴ׻ʳĻԱûлǴ׻ʳ֮ȥ룬һҲвûֱ¶̸Ҳֻ˵Լ׶ѡ
ǧ֮á
˳иˣٴ󵨣ҲԲ뵽˳֮䣬˲˼顣ȫ޷
ԣ²⣬Ǵ׻еĳԱôЯӴҡǰûмġ
У
л³һ
ʲô
ߵԣһɲǣƱҲ΢΢һˮ˳һ˲䣬ѾþƱ˻ȥûڵϡ
ɴˣҲܸܵеľ
ȫû뵽ǰģνĻ壬Ĵ׻ʳ֮׻С

ã߷³һеĿʱýȻͬ̾û뵽Ȼ׻ʵ棬׾Ĺ˵涼޷ϳʵ׻ʱ¼Цˡ
ϰˣҾңݵλ޹ءҵƣûݸ֮𡣺οҿϰ޷Ҳ֮СЦ˵
㿪ݣ˫̸ȻҲýȻͬ
ӵ硣
Ȼ߸ʱݣȻ֮Ҫ̸飬϶һ㣬ǱѰҪȻὫչ¶
׻ʳȡϵһ㣬ͬڴ
еݣóôңȫΪ档Ҫòǲֵֵ⡣
˵ɣ׻ݣͻȻ䣬żȻ⣬㶼ƽҹҪ仹׼顣һȪջ⣬һͬʡȻɵãȻò
ϰ촽Ц˵Ѿ׻ָһ־̬
֪ϰο
Цѯʵ
֮ǰ˵ȷʵңܹͨ磬κ壬ʮϿɣκξܾܵ顣ڤңҪʤһ
ϰ˼˵Ī׻˵ģйء
ңڤҪ죬ΪףңѾӡʱڽ״̬£ϵɴڻ֮СϰóԴԴϵңǻȪջȻԳΪʿޱڡ
ƽ˵
󶥼䣬Ҳ˸ȡһʵҲЩӵзлҵʸ񡣻ңԲ˵˵ѡ
ûȪջӰ˲ǳȻ⡣
׻ĪǴ㽫ҵķһȪջһЦ˵Ҳ֪ԣ޽ӽ㣬κܽҵȨ޽ȥѰ·
ȻǣʿΪȪջṩҡȻҲ޳Ϊʲôչһóסһ·Ҵ׻ʳҴȪջйĸֶرҴ׻ʳĸ챦Ҳ͵䡣ĻȫԿһ·Ҷԣ޷ĺô
л˵
·֮չóףޱߣӵ̫ûе챦ط򻷾ɵı仯Щʣ䣬ǲ߱Ļ֮ҲһĶҲ޷
˼ǣҪһͨ׻ʳͨᴩ硣ôܡ
ߣһ̣Ҳɵĵһ
ȫǱŵá
Ҫߣı仯޷ģؼǣܹ̣ͨĺô޷ģһ㣬ӹоܿеĴڣĽĴڡ
ʣʵֵĻȪջݵλ޴ɱ䡣ӵгΪȻʸֻҪԲô׵顣
ѵ˼ǣҪһȪջһͨףֱӷ䡣˵
ڷ䣬Ȼа취ͨŹأ׷أĺ۹ойŹأǱΧڼһ𣬹ǵ֣Ҳֱ뿪䡣ȻʹȥδЩ̫ϧ·Ҵ׻ʳȻĺô
ؼ䣬Ψġ
ûʲô˵ߣڱ˴ǰûж˵ıҪ棬ļŵ棬Ļ
һȪջûа취õͨң׻ʳͬ޷λ޷ͻشס߳˵


1325 
õͨǱҪйŹأŹʵ䣬һ챦в˼Źأصͨ˵ǰκһŹضܹͨҪǰ򣬹ŹؾĴţĿš
ֻǣڲУһŹֻܶӦһ򡣾ԭ˭
ΪѾ̫޴ԭ
Źصܸ磬ǾԲܵ飬ǣѾǿ󵽲˼ĵز
ͨ׻ʳĹŹȷʵڣһҲοŹǲ׿ģ˭ʸ̤Źأ硣ûǴ򲻿Źصġ
ҡҡͷ˵
׽ϵͨޣң⻹óףղ棬޷ġ׼κֻǣ޷ȶͨһж޷á
ȻҪֻͨйŹضѡ
ͨ⣬ŹΪռУҲž޴ľԡϰḻʣǷ취ͨȹ̵ͨ
׵ͷ
䣬һЩ֣ԤֶΣǴõĻ
ȻУҼǵãһΪţֱӹᴩ磬ţԴֻҪﵽĳ̶ȣҪһΣͨġҪѡ
΢󣬿˵һ֣Ǿֻ̡
ȵȣֻ̣ǲֻƹֻôıôŪ֡΢΢ҡͷ˵
֪߷Ϊֻش򡣵ֻֻֻشֶ̬֮һͺñת̨޾ڤӣֻشֻͬıֻشΨһֻΨһֻֻľֻѡ
Ц˵
ֻطֻطֻֻءֻֻչֳֻصѡ
˵ֻҪлԵֻܹ̣ǵõ̵ֻƷţƳܴﵽʲôΣȫ컯˭Ԥ֪δ
̵ֻ֪֮ȻԹģഫظ˾ֻ̣һѹһУ˫ֻҲ޷֮
̶ֻӦƵģֻͼ
֪ϰǷֻ̣šеĻҿԸ㹻ļǮй򣬾ԲǳԿܽͨǶ˫
аԻȣ˵
ɫ䣬¶һĨ
ֻܵõֱһ޷Ĵջ
ֻֻпûУҿ峤ѯʣǷܹóһҪһʱ䣬ϢĻһʱ֪ͨѡ
΢˵ţȷʵһֻֻǻƽ챦Ʒף޷磬ͨҪֻ²ô׵ġ
˵ţйâһȻԿһ˸źڰ׹âĻѾǰܿϣصĺڰ׷˸֯һ𣬸ĸд
ãݡ
šп΢΢һ漴Ϳ˵ʲô۸񣬵ѾܿڡⶫҪˣֻҪܵõ͵ӵĵơĻ׻ʳڷɵĲȻӾˡ
ҵĻһǧҵļ۸㡣֪űɱΪؽ챦Ҳ鱦Σ㹻ǿͨرݡͨ
ϰ￪˵
ΪʮѣңʱãڶʱڲЧΨһģͶδδĳʱ̣ܹã˸֮ж
һ߸Ÿǡ
εõѶϢ˵̫ͬ޴һ˵˴һʽףϱҲڱУ̵ֻ飬ֻмͬ⣬ܹõĳ
һ˳
ؼһ˳һʳĽ׶󣬲ӣǶֵõġ

뿪нУ챦죬棬̺ƣ챦Ϊ챦ֻҪ취еƲϵԵɱ䡣һδγɳ
УҪ챦ɱ䣬ͱҪ챦ͬĺĵرιܿٳɳɱ䣬ƷϵĽ
ţҲҪֻҪΪͿԡ
кɡһ䣬ѾڡС
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ֱӳһƬСУһɾ˵ײޱΰ纣ֱӱܻ磬ڻػˮ硣ݱأٳһƬռ䡣
̼ΪѸ֮ͣؼԭʼ֮һײһִƻڱʱźգֱӽĿռǿжס˲Ϣ䣬ͿٳԲǧľ޴ռ䡣ңŵ£ٳĿռԵüΪȹ̡
ﵽֵزŵҲľ
ռȻС
ˢ
ڿռĿ٣ڵĺȻȻһǣһ
ʮ㣡
ٳĿռ仹û붴ռķΧûйϵ뵽к˲䣬ʮСǧѾʼռ䣬ۿɼٶȷǣÿ䣬ÿռıԵΪ˵ľ롣
Բǧ
Բǧ

˲Ϣ䣬Ѿͻƶռ䣬Сǧ磬ңڷţﵽԲĴССǧĴСȫһ¡
ڿռͻƣرԴĴ£Ÿɢĺڰ׹âڰɫķԴԴϵ֮ϡÿ䣬Ŷڷ˵ɱ䡣·ܹͨء
Žף
ţѹͨ£򷨲֡
аȻȷʵǿ󣬾㲻ܹͨ磬;ѹ򷨵
ϰֻǹˣţﵽȷʵ޷ƿرݣֻ©˺ڻûдɽδؾͲ
һСǧ֮Ǿʮ
ͲƷܹġ
򲻵ѣǲױ¶
ϰ֪˵ʲô⡣
Уûо꣬뿪䣬ֵλҲ޷ִ׻ʳҪӦ꣬ܺصľ룬׼ȷӵӦλãһ㣬뷵ش׻ʳ֮ȥ
Ĺͨеô򵥡


1326 
߻صסиͷн̸飬𺳼׻ʳ˳ȡϵĺô̫ȫлὫϼңȪջһȻ֮أΪʥءŲ𣬲೤档
λ̫ѵá
ж֪ңУžصĵλҵ֣ռݾ޴ƣһˡݼԣңȫпܳΪؼһҡʲôңǾǻ֮УΪ
һˣҶɱ䡣磬֮ϣԽ
ȻǰǴ׻ʳһֱڣңϱǿϽܹﵽ۳ǸߣضˣҳΪҽӹɵġ
ص㣬ͨ硣硣
һ֣ǾǾơ
ӵеԽ࣬۵˾ԽӴдĺô
±֪塣㱨
΢¶ġ
漴߽һ侲С
ھڣԿһЩƷЩȻԿһڣһͲͨ
̤ȥâ˸䡣Ѿƾʧ
ٴγʱѾһ嫵ĳӱߡ
ܿһޱߵĳӣ䵽ж೤Ҳ֪ж̵ĺˮǰںϣܿһҵ۴ڰڶɡ
Ǵô
ɸֹͷɵһ÷ӡƮˮϣֵޱˡܿ渡ֵͷǣն̤棬΢еģﶼᷢëԵһŶңµİڶˡͣϽһꡣ
ϣܿһ߾߲԰׵ʬ壬Щʬ壬ŮҲ٣õģҲȱġָʬ壬һӦȫ顣ʤȫ˳źƮ
ȪʥӣɻȪϴҵֻأϧȪȪʲô˶ܹȥġ
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ԣܿͽĿ˻Ļ棬С֪ٴΡ
תͷ򰶱ߡ
ܿһϵׯ԰ȻڻȪӱߡׯ԰ռʮͨһε֣Уһֵĸоׯ԰һ۾ܿͨ
ûʲôׯ԰Ǹ׽ڻȪӱߡ
ֻˡ
߸̾漴ׯ԰˹ȥ
ϸȥׯ԰ϣȻһҡϼׯ
ͨһңէһʱãڶ۾ͻоƺЩͬѰۣͻо̺Źϵĵϣӵ⾳·ܴпֻأֻǰһ̫ڰֻת
С㣬ˡ
߽ׯڣһϹܼǰ
壬ׯһжðɡҿһʱûлˡڻڱչôЦ˵ǰϹܼԵʮ׽
ûУڰءСȥԺܼ
Ц˵
ܿһ˿簮
ϲȵĳڵĺƣҪʡŵȣƿǺҵġȵĻԺɾûˡЦŽһֻ«͵ϹܼǰװǺơ
ǴŪġϡ٣֪
˵һ漴Ժ
һ̤Ժ˲͸оԼеļ˲Ϣ䣬·һεȡһӱָ侲״̬
ںԺС
ȻԿһںɫĴڷ룬棬ȻܿȼһŻ棬ǻ棬˸ɫ⣬ƺÿʱÿ̶ڱã濴ȥ·пǧ磬
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𣬿ǰԵףȴֹ֣֪η±ȼ֮ء
ڴǰȻԿһ鲼̬ӵףڹнš
һģһݹΣһԣһɫһᣬһТģһᡭһ߽Źеһ߻ÿһ䣬ƺ̺һֽȻͬζ
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ߣĿ˵
Ŀȴʼû뿪ǿڹ
ҲǴ˵еˮȻҲΪü֡ˮǴѧģȻÿ˵ͬƳҲ᲻ͬʼûܹﵽŵĸ߶ȡÿ۹ۿܵõһЩջ
С߰㲻ȪջôͻȻܻǲʲôˡ
ŻǵһĨͣЦ˵
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棬ؼͬеݡ
˵׻ʳ׻뵽䣬ңҪ䣬һͨ໥̣ͨͨޡ
Ż˵
ȷʵˡ
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λ׻ʵҰĲС۰һҪʩӰ룬ҸΪƽ˵һ˿ǵĹâ
ۣ̽䣬ңԿ϶޷ͨʿ޷䳤öֻ俪˳Ĵ㡣
̵ͨľѾʮִ󵨡
ģܿԲƽ
ңмܳΪؼңͨʱ䣬Ҫȡѣܴͨһ·ȷʵһλԵں֮˵ʱ̣˹ڼȻؽͬԿʹ硣Ӧеص顣ԵҲԡ
ŵȻ˵ܶ飬УǶۻһĿȻ
ܲܳһǾͿ֧ܲŵĹһδ١ż˵
˵ǡ壡
һ˿ɫ
Щ޹أȥرнǼ챦ֻȡˣ׻ʣ͵ǽԵܷƹǾͿˡ
ƽ˵Уƺһ˿Ĳ
ǣ档
˼ĵͷӦ
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1327 ֽǱ
˵ǰ֮£ȴ˵ŻȪĻܱߵľѾԵı仯ԴԴϵĹڶԸظڳ⣬ѾΧסֻӬ¶ɲȥһơƺʱᱻ籩Ϯ
˿̣ҹɫڸ£һֻ۵ֽСƮӳһСķ϶Уڣ󣬾ͲӰǱСֻҪһκη紵ݶ;ֹڵϣݶרҲעλͣ
·ʿڵϵֽˣҲû⣬һ۾ɨ
ؼǣֽ˻ģҲģ˿һ۶ôԸȥ࿴ֻۡаƴС
ϸۿͻῴֽϵֻ۾ϵ˸⣬ֳǻ۵Ĺâǻۣ
ݴӻȪջдϢǳ۹ѾŭѾΧڣһΣ۹϶׶༪١Ըֽ֮ϣ̽еĲ֣ҵ۹ر֮ʱ򣬴սһ𣬳֮£ͿԵһʱر֮أЩȫߣһʡ
ڷĹûŪʲôöҪܴӺ۹õҲֲ֮ǰʧһһʴա
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һıأôһޱ˵飬û˭޶á
дڵ黹ǲ٣ȻȪջҪĶࡣֽа˷ܣԽΰԽãĻӵбĿԾ͸ߡ
һֽڳĿĵƮ
ʵֽƶķʼնǳųǳڵȥΪ˱䣬ƶٶȲ졣ȻֽԴеġ
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ڳп̽ΪϤԭҪҵλãȻΪѡ֪УѾһ侲⡣
óҵϢﲻ𣬻һֳҵô¡ô䡣ֽԲ죬һ˿ǿҵĺ档
˿ܣûСĴŷһ㼷ȥھ¶ֻ۾ٳɨӹȥһûŵõ
ھУȻԿһǱǰһм䣬һ۵ĹϥһһףֻڽؿڣɢŹââڷ·һڰɫ¯ת¯УɫɫĻڲײм両ֳһڰС硣ǻУһڱá
ЩϣܳΪұǿϣǰĸ֡ҵ𼴽ͻƣֻҪ۳䣬ݺᣬǹΣΪﲻߣǱΧ޷ôҪߣʱߣֻҸҪߡˣôɡ
۹зһЦ
ô֪ܲߣȻ̵ģ̣ǿʵţǹǰ޷ôоǣ뿪
꣬һ뿪û깩ӦؽǳͬʱܼķɣڵĻʱпܻʧء
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ھ۳Ѿߡһɹξǧ

۹Цſǰ꣬ſڼ䣬ɢһǿһ¾ͽʮȫ̽Уͽǿ¯С
Щ껯Ϊȼϣ˲¯еĻȼյĸʢӵĳңǻ籾Ҳڸ׳󣬱øǿһ֡ں۹¶һĨ·һߵܡо
У۹ûз֣һֽĵĴŷ˳ȥ䵽һƫƧĽ䡣
Сؿڣƺһ
йֽеײУǺײаǿ갡Ȼ˵̣̾ΪϣʲôͨںΪһ壬ôô¡һŶĴͨҪɹΧ˶Ҫ޹ʧء
оԼ˲õ顣
У۹꣬һ޳ɴͨɵΣʵ̫ˣ棬ҵĿƸӾ޴Щ꣬ԶǴǿонġͨҪĹһΪϣƽܹɣǽ궼ߣ˵Ϳֹ
ֽתͷ
һ̣оԼбҪһЩʲôȲˣҲҪ̽鱨ٴݸĹ
ôģͬҲôġ
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ѾˣǰΣһУ۹ķԸ
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Ŀȷֱӳŵζȥ
֪УѾΡ
óƣػεĹȻ򿪵Ρ˽ȥڽȥʱٴνινʮֵĽκԽĻᡣ
üһǵΣȻǽڵ£ңȻץôꡣ۹ɱ˶ˡ乴˶ٻꡣ
ֽܣҲǱһܱһηѺĶꡣ
Щ꿴֣׷׻Ȼ඼ƿڴһ޲óǵ⣬ǵѪĻ糱ˮϯҪʵֵĻЩѾǧˡϧЩڶԹǺá
ǵģѾʯһ㡣
Ĵһнһнǿŵȥ
뿪󣬵еٴλָžһĿ¶ѾǸû𡣻һ̾ͻҿԶ죬Ⲣû壬綼
Ѿ뿪ﲻ̫ˡ
ҪǾͺˡ
ˣ䣬ȫˣҲܻصˡۿҵ屻˺ƬȥҲˣľתֻصĻᡣֻأҲȳ׻ɢҪá
Уһڸ̾
Ǿе
ϣϣġ
ʱһƾ
ڵԵЩͻ
ûйֻб꣬귢ģҲģһ㣬궼һæĴʼѰ
ǡʲôûз֡


1328 ׹

أ￴
ֽĿã̲סЩܻվڵϣѵĿ𡣵շƯڰգֽȻСɣȴܿĳü͡鶼չ¶
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ֽˣǰ˵ֽˣܹΩΩФû뵽Ȼģֽ˻ܷɣ˵϶ʿֶΡ
̫ˣֽǰǳȥǲЩԵǶǿˡ
УһƬž漴ͱûȻֽ˵ĿûޱȣȻеϣ±ȼϣֽܽ˵ΡδΣȻȥ˵
һУŮ峺Ŀ⣬ֽˣ¶֮ɫ
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ģֻֽ˼ķֻֽҵһͷѡ߱ǿʵھǳȥû
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һ㣬Ҳ浽ǹЩ꣬Ҫ뿪붼Ҫ룬һ־ͻᱻ֡߶ܡ
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Ѿоˣ̹ٶԽԽ졣
Упһ죬п죬Ҳпʱ̣궼䡣
ЩҲûа취һὫеһЩ֪ʱɹʲôʱΧ۹ֽҡͷΪȻҲЩʲôģֻСֽ˷ѡ
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Ŀ٣˼ȫ˼٣Ӵˣֻд׻ʳӵС
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Σûֺ·յΣɭϣڵڣҲʼѲӣĿܵꡣȻոյ⣬ǵľ֮ġ
ľƣȻҲ

ȪջУһͷڡֽͻȻ¶һ˿ɡ
˷һֻֽˣõϢʵ̫ҪˡֻҪıĺãһδˣҪȥλ
ֽȻٳ˳ȥֱҵֽʦڻȪջ¥һƧͬʱ½磬
ѣδҴææǴǳһٰɡʲô黹ֱӿ˵ĺáеЦ˵
ֽıֹһ顣
䣬ܵĵѡ飬ܰæȻƴǡֽʦҲ˵
֪׻ʳ𡣡ֽһɫص˵
Ȼ֪ؼһ˳ֽʦŹֵĿֽ˵
еɫ͸ӹŹֽ֣аԲ²⣬ѵԼѾ²ˣϰѾй¶ݡ
ϸ룬ϰӦò⡣
ȻűۣôоЩ졣
׻ʳΪ嶥ʵǿ󣬶ң˵ڴ֮Уؼָķ֮أȡϵ˭һĪĻԵӵо޴ôڣһᣬ׻ʳƹ֪λԸԸ֡
ֽ˵
ƹô˵
кѯʵ
˵ʵڣµģȫֽ֪ٸЩʲô
ոֽ֮ǰн̽飬ڳһУ֣۹нУһλݼΪ˵ãǴ׻ʳĹ׻ʵá
ֽ˵
ʲô
һԣҲɷһ


1329 ŭ
׹ã
мá
һ̣һ̵Ŵߣ˵ЩŶûƿӡʱһԣǲܾΣյģһλ࣬ƽȴ֮·ңһ·ѰҴ׻ʳڡ
ãǾֻ
ѵﱻȡ꣬˳ǣھں۹УԺпһͷ
ܰǴ׹׻ʵãһΪʵӦòңڴ׻ʳУ䣬Ҫ˵۹ҽ׻ʳон꣬˻ǣֻ¹Ҳ˳֮еѹƣùҲη֡
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׻ʳ˵˲¡ħֶ׿ɳǣֻǻڻҰ֮Сִڣһ֣϶ᱻ֡
ͬڰеָ·ơ
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ųɣѾܸߡ
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¿ֻҪλ׹ǺʣȻ׻Ƿһ飬ڿûãɾ˵ˡ
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УǴ֮׻С
һֽֽ̣ʦ̲סͬʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫеĿ˲ͷұ仯
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ֽƴǣҪǷһ飬Դõõһ졣Ǳ˵棬Ȼٺò
漴˵֮ǰֽˣǱ뵽У̽Σţ޾ϸ˵˳˵ڵп걻Ѻ˵飬ʱеıҲڸűáһĨŭ
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Ҫһʱܳ׼׵ǿߣҲҪһ׼Ҫչļƻ»ƻ˶ˣ٣ͬˡԽԽáҪܳ罫ȳǾò
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ȲˣǣһҴˡ׼ԿռţֱӴ͹ȥнƣ޷ͣΨǿдȥǰĿľΪ˾ˣҲԣλҪһǰΪĳָ·г˵
ռţûгǵ϶޷ֱӳڳڣֽŵ£Ϊ˷ֹͻϮ󷨽ƿ϶ʱڿ֮С
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ε϶գ֮ͬһҪûƴǵĵ
жһ䣬ȻһǲʲôҲӦһŶԡֽʦЦ˵
Ǻãھͳ
׵ͷܱģܵˡ

⡣
һӰУȻżӰ
磬ֵǶѾϹˡιĹֵܲһѾȫǵļ֮ڣֻҪȴʱͿԷ𹥻ƿǳأú۹
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γ֣ץס۹ֱ꣬Ҷǹ֣꣬ЧȣʿǶҪЧ£ǹûл·Į˵
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Ц˵
ܳΪÿһλΪտʮǿȻҲʤιְ𣬼ƽʱõĹ£Ǿмĺôڹ£һͷҲΪǿߡ
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вǷ𹥻ʱ䣬ʵ򣬽ǡΪľú۹Ϊлᣬʱ䣬ܹڳӦԡ
̽飬۹ûвʲôԡɳ֮Сͷ˵
ã֪ͨȥٹһʱȵн䱸׽͵ʱٳֹԸ
֪ˣ硣ֵǶ׼ˡЦ˵۾ͻȻɴָǰ˵磬Ծ쿴ʲôĴš
ֻڳ⣬ǰͻȻ䣬һɫĹƾճ֡ڳֵ˲䣬ȻȻľͽеؾ׾
⵽˭ⲻǴݾ𣬸
ɫ䣬̲סƿڴ


1330 Ǵ
Ҫٵһᣬȵҹ˾ȵǳ׷ɾ裬Ϊϲʱٶ֣û뵽ʱͻȻ˳֣˷ɧĿţڳ⣬ӿռųĹâϹӶܿõҪ˵ǳеؾ
Ҫ͵Ϯļƻǳˡ
ƿڴŹ֡
ô£ĴţǷԸֵǽܱȫɨһ飬ܱĸ֪Ҫ۹ս׶ʱ
һŭռš
ˢ
йâһȻԿӰֱӴ̤˳
ǣôǡ
вһ˿Ź֡ʶǻ˭֮ǰ߹𹥻ʱôʱȫûе
ʵϣв뵽εĴսС
еݣΪˣŲϣսҪǳʲô⣬ǿǲ˵Ĵ顣
û뵽ʱֻ˵⡣
עҪ
֣ǵΪʲôҪʲô
ֹǳǣֹһʿǳأΥߣɱ
ǽϣһһھ޴Ĺͷϣɫɷڣɢ·ʱᱬĵâ
ˣˣˣ
ǽϣһϺȡ
ͬ£Ȼһ־˴ơѹĻ˲ͻᱻĲϱˡ
ûսȾѾӡ
սʮ߳ɶδܷӳսơ
ǰֻΪ棬ۡ
̤գ³һϣսϣһצצɢ޾ϣų⣬Уһѹա
飡
УâһȻԿһɫϣ˸Ϲ⣬صĵʣƺܿɫķ˸ÿ䣬ճعϵĵۡ֯ǡ޴׭
ˢ
Ǵֶշ漴ΪһϹ⣬㳯ųһȥǻ棬·һɫǻƳգ磬ںһɫβ档
ֹ
ǽϵĹĿãɫ䣬һϺȣ־һ貵ĵ⣬նǴͬʱǽϣһս籩Ǵ

Ǵϣ˲𣬳ɢǴû˿Ӱ죬һ˿ͣٶûСЩս棬׷ױ飬˲仯Ϊ촷ۡȫ޷ǴЧ
¡¡
ǴʵʵڳϡϹâ˸ıãԣһǿ󷨽ơƣΪǿԪ񾳳֣ͬҪ޹
貵ĺڹ⡣
ȻЩڹ⼸Ǵǰ·˼شɢţͽʵʵڳϣһ޴ĺţǶһ̣ҵҡΣ𶯣·ǴڵУǻ棬µ¡
ţǴ£ۿɼٶȣһѺۣ֩ӡ䣬Ѿ鲼š
꣡
飡
һУ˲飬ΪһϸСƬ·ɳһ㣬ڵ棬Ŵ󿪣
ǴǴ̺ǳΰ̺ǷգһУǴƻĻ
У
⻭棬ôؾһͫھ궼ڲоԵĿ־塣
ǿôܣȻһͽŸˡҪ֪ǿɲͨɣõڤ죬Ӳޱȣڤдľ̼ͣ᲻ɴݣͨǷ棬һ˺۶ѡھȻһӾˡ
һСŮһĹߣŴͣȫһĿɿڴ顣ǻ棬ʵ̫ˡȫ޷ܡ
л̺ƣΪڤʮǿͬ㣬಻ֻҪ˲ƣͻʼԴԴϵĵֵĽƣڤ֣һҳɷĩɳһжǿΪж¡ѵѾԽԪ񾳡ﵽ񾳡ԣ񾳶δ˿µƻ
ܿ᲻֪ʱҲһԡеĿ⣬ױȡ֮ǰΪǮǷҡڿʵĿֲ
δôǿǿڴӣǿڴ̺յķϣǹ֮ŵĹؼڡʲô
һ۾ͿǿǴеʡ
ǿΪߵͣ⣬ֻıʲǹؼ̫֮Եˡ֮һС
֪λã·
ֽͬһ𺳵кȻͬʱеȻӵǿң漴һ˿ʱ䶼󣬿˵ǰ·
кԥųС
ã죬ȫֹǣǽǡ
ҲǴ߻أ˻ԴλãѾ󿪣ƶһҵˡ˵谭Ǿǳֱľٶ
ɱ
Ӧ˷ϯ·Ҫһ̾ͽǳûȥ
ɱΪߣԿɱ
нµĲ˿ûͣ٣ֻһƬ޴Ŀռ䣬һâȻ䣬Ϳһ;޴ƾճ֡ڳֺ̧ǹٳܹ𹥻
һǹâᴩҹƲ񷡣
򵥣ֱӣһ
һǹ±顣
ǧͬʱ֣ɱУֱǻȺӵĹӲ棬ңѸ䡣
ûжǲκӰ졣
ָֽ£ѸٸΡ
ҵĹԹԣǵھȻ̺ϢЩԲͨǿսȻǿֵز۹ĳڹУҲǼΪǿһ֧ȻЩǰ߹ˣǲˡ
̲סһզ࣬Ǿ̾ͷԸ֪ͨȥűƣٵˣھõʱһɱǣɱ۹Ϊȥֵܱ𡣡
ڿǣƿǵķг䵱ȷ棬ǿƿšȻٺòǰĴˡ
ȥ
ְγȲǹѸǰ˳ȥӰգۼ䣬ѾǡģǴ
ŵķҲʮˡ
й굶ǹȵȡǹʽװֻǱĺãȻԲɱ䣬гΪ鱦ĿܡǾǿ


1331 
ԭȵļƻѾˣǼȻˣ罫ʹڵľǼƻõĻҪӵҪǲô˻ֱ֣ǰ׳ա
飡
еǹһööɫ굯ǹʮֵ꣬ңǹƷ׼ߣټ죬ǿ޷ܿһ굯Уеͬʱ˲俪ʼɢΪ㣬ٻӷɢһ鳯ֻضȥ
ȻֻУȫµĻǣתֻأѾȫµһ֮ûǰûйȥνȫȫǽΪͨߣԻݹȥǰҲ֮ǰļ䣬ǻɢĿ¡
Ӵ֮ǰ
ɢ鳤档
еĹţǺ۹޹ɱǿռŹأգǣģбһߣߣͨͨǡɢ
һϺȡ
ǵ·ˣҷͨͨҪȥһء
СŮһĹһ׳Ĵֱתϻ裬·߰㴩󣬽һһǶ飬ΪƬա
굶ȹ඼꣬ϱǿĿܣȻһ£ǲǵģȴͬսֱڹ˵һʢ硣
ЩûκӰ졣
Ķû˿ͣ٣ɱΡ
׵ѣǰǵΡ
ָֽ£ܿǰܿǰȻһأһɷˡ
ֹصأô
ؾ档

б³һƾճ֣ͬʱ˲Ϣ䣬Ϊһöö˸ǵصĳЩؾϯȥ
ЩؾܵĸоΣգҪնЩϧЩԶеҪ£ǷͨǱ棬Ǳıֱܿҿ·һ㣬͵Ŀ¡ת֮䣬ؾȫͬʱռ䣬ѹ
飡
һŽεĴǿ߳Ƭδ򿪣̤˽ȥ
ǵΣѵò⣬Ӧþڵ档
ֽеıҲǰզࡣû뵽濴ͨһñץʱȻױˣƱ֮ǰ֪Ҫ¶ٱ
ô£д
εűˣѵˡ
ʲôˣѵ֮ǰֽǰ˵Ķģ˾ȱǵþô
ڵУͬαĶһڴĿ˹ȥһͿӰֱ̤˽
λѾȫˣεѾɱ滹ڻ֮УеĹɱȵսȻƽȥ
ֽ˵
ֽǰ
ֽһڣе궼ʱһĪθȻӿֳͬʱǿҵϣʼ֡
лȥϣ
ף֮ǰλҽ̸Ůȥˡ
ֽɨӵΣȴ֣ԭŮļУѾ׿ˡ꣬ȫʧԺжʱһ˿ǿҵ
һֲõԤð˳
ֽǰոеȫˡӦǱСٻش
˶á
Ѿûκεı飬ѯʵüɷҪ۹ͨطһ㣬ڻȪջж㣬ôܻ᲻֪ﱻߣѾһߡеɱ⣬Ũ£Ҫһݻ١
ߴһӲ
һ꿪ڻشԸоһεѹڵУǹѹ£ƺһɽڷʱ緢صƻ
һ̣ԼͻĴ
·֪۹չصλá
ֽԥ˵ͬʱתͳ˳ȥڿʼÿһÿһ붼ΪҪһʱ䣬п޿صĺ
ˢ
иûκγɣ˲׷ֽһסֱۣָ·
ڳ
ֽ˵
㻮գգۼѾ
Ǽҡ
ָֽ۹չصҡ
붼룬еǴٴγ֣Һ˹ȥ
飡
һҵĺС
ҺȻױǴҳɷĩеĻȫ¶ȻԿУǺ۹һĻ档ѾſѪڣҪǰȫȥ⣬˸

пɨе꣬ܿ٣ŮɷûиоϢЩ꣬ûڡɫʱ䣬һŻڵһ¾ð˳
ѾΣȴǽʲô
һ룬֪𰸡𰸣ȴԲҪõġ
ôҳǣҾңչ˭㶼ҪǣҺ۹ֵдҴҳߣ˭ͨͨҪѾ޳ͨӽݺᡣҺ۵˭˸˵
۹ɫ࣬УɫѾʮֵЦҲ֪Ҫ˭ûУǾǱˣڵϣΪһҡ첻ǳһԡ
䣬һ֮ɫ
ˣҲҪ³
һŭȡ
һ
ڰɫļƾճǰ϶ܿһƬƬ۰
˲仯Ϊһһڰнƿնٶȼ죬ܿģεһٳʱѾ۹ǰ
Ȼͨ
۹Ŀã̲סһֽС
Ϻڰһһһףںڰ֮䣬йâһһöͷ
꣡
ֱĴӺ۹һȻ򣬹ǣһȥȷʵ۹ϣһ˲䣬ϵȻȻĻָһ㶼û
ͨٷܼε𡣱ǻ𡣻Ϊ̤֮䣬ǲܼɽǳϻ档
۹Ц˵
֮ǰѾ׹ɣȻûдɣȴ޳ѾƿͬʱĻ֮壬Ĵ£øǿ
˵ӵнѾӵڲܵǿʱȻⲻͬԵģǾԵģʥ˶䣬ֻһ̶϶ԡ


1332 ²
һ֮塣ؼ䣬ûĲ𡣡
Ŀãͫһò˵۹ȷʵһ֣޲չ¶âҡ޹Ḷ́ǵһΡ
Ⲣǲܽܡ
ͺؼ䣬û޵еֻͨвܵǿߡ
ͨĵ϶ᱻƣƽ֮Ҫ޵Уǳ˵Ρ
Ѿ޵ˡ
۹Ц
Цдһֵ⣬ʸ⣬ʵһɣͿԻؼ䣬ܿģָΪ֮ĸ˵ǿ
ˢ
бзһЦ
һ䣬ֻһֻɫĻƾճڰУǻϽ˸ָͬʱֹֹͣһɲǼ䣬ͽܱڳ֡۹С
ô£ΪʲôҶˡ
ʲôʱ䣬ʱ侹Ȼֹˣʲôΰ
£ʱ䱻ֹҲκβңУʣɱңǲġ
۹屻־ܹתԺпתͷǿɫĿǿҵ̰޲ţʱ䱻ɿԱ֤
ʱ׻ʣеıﵱǲʱ챦ϡ٣ָÿһ켶
þ׼Ŀʱֻ֮ں۹ϣûӰ죬ĽȫҪĵȻ޷ġ
ֽֽʦһۣһ˿֮ɫ
УûνĲ
кԥʱ仳۹סʱͬһںɫĹѾƾճ֣Ǿӡ

һ𣬻Ϊ֮γһۿԿõгȥ
ã
۹д䣬ܵĸоһ˿ǿҵΣաȻΪ𣬿⾪ֱ꣬־ǲûʵĳʮֿ£вǴڤڤܹӦֻǣʱ£ĻᶼûС
˲ͱӲľ֮ǡ

۹ͷһҽУĴģָò

һ˲ֱ֣ں۹ϣĸһֻӲ࣬ǿҵϣס塣
һ̣Ѿں۹ǰһ֣ץ۹һֻţӵӲ漴ˤȥ
ǵģǳŵȥ
۹һݣһһĳŵȥ
飡
һңܿ涼𶯣һѺۡҵĺ·һڵϣһң۹ˣֻоԼ·ײͭǽϣȫҪ飬ƺҪɢ־հס
ʱһ̷·𱻾ֹ
У
ȹɱУͬһĻͬʱ̲סſڵһŵӶҪڵϣǸоܵαȫûа취ӦŴͣþúϲ£
ǹеͬŴͣɴ۾ô㶣һ·ʩ˶
磬ҡûпɣǡ۹
ҵĹԹԣֱǿֲ۹Ȼᱻץסһҡ⵽ʲô˰̫ײˣ̫бˡ
⵽ʲôˣ۹һɹһʵʮֿ£ǻΪרЯǼıڿòϰ
۹׵ԪǿߣһǶǿߣ񾳶ɱھȻᱻ˸ץסȫǲ˼鰡
ӶҪ˳
Ȼץסˣ˵̣
ȫǴ㶣бޱ߿־֣糱ˮϮ顣ǻʵ̫ˣǰ뵽Ļ档
飡
۹ӶܣץסȣϿȥ
һͷڷڷ趯һߺݺȥһ߷ȵ³ҽ³
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飡
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飡
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ÿһϺȣ۹ͱڵһΣÿһ£ͺǳһ䣬ǻ棬ޱȣ·һҰڷ
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²¡
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еĹоĿں۹ϣһδˤвϱ֮еĿ־ȴŹңҪײжײС
쵰ʲôȥѾȫˣ²ˡͣͣ¡
۹ȫˣڵϣҵұߣǰҵ棬һƬհף嶼·ʱҪķѣҪɢдݳǿ׵ľʹǸоǳǧֵػ
²ҲҪ¡²ãܡ
һ񱩣иûͣµ˼ڷš
£££
ۿɼٶȲϱ飬۹ҵķѣ涼֩һѺۡ
۹ֱʹ£ǹôµĳ걻ˣ鶼ֻȥˣǱϣôµĳȫǲܵ顣
ðı̬ʲôʱı̬
۹зŭûзĻᣬŷ޳ô׿ԱɱġֻҪһ˿ᣬͿѳȥ
磬𣿡
ʱһĺΧ
еһź۹ֱʶͣת˹ȥֻڳ⣬һµŮվšϴһͭߡһ˫峺ĿСĿУڴ֮ɫ
㡣
пŮĵһۣѾ֪ȷʵߣġϵϢϤУǼٳʱ䣬Ҳǡ
磬ҵˡ
﷢һɱлС
BIUһһ˦۹ͳŵ浹ȥͷ£ֻϣͲӡֻʣֻ档
۹Ķˡ
ùܸܲϣӡʲôʲôԹбҪ
ȻЩȻȥᡣ
˫ֽסŮӿֳһ˿ɣĵŭ𣬻ƽϢɱҲˣոյıŭȫΪ²Ѿ۹Եɢľٶ
û°ɣ֮ǰҵΣݵ˵㱻Ҫɺ۹ȼϡոôûп㡣
˵


1333  
ӵгҾһᣬ˳ȥҪӳǣû뵽ĻסУ̧ͷϵȻʧ¶ĿʮĻŮһѾǣһۿȥһʥ࣬µͷ
֮ǰڷԼҪȥ󣬲ûз
ûз֮ڵУɲٵ꣬ΪʵԱøǿֻеĽƣûа취ѡһΣϾʩչһطһѿǣжߡʱЩȻˡ
۹ߵļҲΪһ꣬ڳзʲôˡҲû⣬û뵽һ̣оͿ񱩵ɱǣǽ۹ƲһڵϷˤ
ҲŸϹġ
ڿеĵһۣѾϳԼѰôĸ硣еļȻ޷ġ
Щ꣬ˡ
һĿ뿪ʱֻһСŮû뵽һգ֮䣬ѾΪŮУܻڣȫõ׾ĥѣٵļĿ࣬ҹ޷˵ġ
ܹط꣬Ȼһϲ¡
ȻڳģֻĻǶѣֻҪûˣһж⡣
ֻ࣬Ҫټ磬һжֵõģﲻࡣ
ҡҡͷᶨ˵
۹ˡ
ʱֽһ
תȥ
ֻ۹֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻѳΪһҪӶݡ޳ɡѾԳƿ֮иһԣͨмǿĵֿ֮ҪѣԶͨʿҪĶࡣ
ոճûпʱϢѿû뵽һѣͱֽˡҪ
ҲȷʵôģƿڴӣΪʲôҪӣɱҳǣҸҾҪǸҵĳᡣñùǾ˭ȥ
𣬸գգգͨͨȥ
۹ŭ
ſڼ䣬ԿһźڰɫĻ糱ˮӿһֺԾ˵ٶȿʼӣйȼĲҽգ۾ͱճޣ鳯ֻضȥЩкܶ඼ڳǱڵĹɱ۹ķ
󣬻ȼϡûӰԵӿ񱩡
йϣͬһҽУƴþֶΣڤˮ𣬶޷ϨյĲҲ̶ã
𣬵֮е飬ᱻգûȪ֮ˮȪˮԽ𡣡ɫ䣬ٺ
бֵĹӴ﷨óһͰͰĻȪˮĳԼϽȥȪˮȷʵ棬ϣĻ汻ٽˮ˻һˮ޷ΪˮС
ڹ֪۹󣬾Ѿ뵽ӦԵİ취ȾʹӻȪʥȡһЩȪˮΪľԷһ⡣ڹȻóȻҲΪ۹Ʒ׻ǺܸߣֻǸո޳ɵľ硣ͨĻȪˮҲδܹ
ǵأ糱ˮϯ֮һС
ǣѾǣѸӡ
ǲҽУǷӴܵӰ
ӣӳǡ
еʿӴܣ۹ҲͬʱٴλΪڻгԶߡ
ӣҪӡ
ֵ֪ܲܵסУܲܽ𣬲ʱ֣ҪּʾԲ˵ʮ΢СڲߣȵڳҪߣ죬ֻҪ뿪Ѿ޳֮󣬺δȥ
е̡
𣬿ϧǺ֮Ļ棬˲ҡΪ죬Դ
ҵ⣬ȴûڻ濿ʱУݳһǿ׵Ŀƺһޱȿɿʳܵ͡һֿ
һ䣬ëͬʱ򿪣ڴ򿪵ͬʱܵ糱ˮ˳ëףڣѪУڵһʱ䣬ռС
뵽ռ䡣
һϿٱͼագġԴ׳ռ䶼ڲš
е𣬶ڷٳпܱߣγһĻСǿϯڣ֮浹أƬ̼䣬ͱһաͨͨ۵ϡ
ҪӣʹûСУһˮе㣬㣬ʼӲ̵ġΪԻ𣬾ܰ޽ɣδ̫档
Цſ۹Ӷݵķ
йâһȻԿһڵĵУ䣬һ͸ڵϣڵĵ˸ź⡣һȻ˦˳ȥ
ǵΣƿ֮٣Բ׽Ĺ켣ʮ·д˲Ϣ䣬߶ȻȻ졣ߣ졣ڵһʱ䣬۹ͬ꣬һڤڤеϵȻȻĳں۹ǰžڡ
ʲô
۹һ㵣ڵĳָе⣬Ҫ֪Ѿӳǣһ˲䣬͸оڳһ˿䣬дݳǿҵĴʹһεţоͿһ߳⣬һС
һԼУǺεȿµ飬۹ŵð亹죬棬겻ھȻһֻУҪֲжֲ붼롣ʩչֶΡҪӴбƳȥաҪնϵնߡ
ߣ·һ㣬޷նϣ𶯣дʹ
־ʹʮǿҡͷһĲҽʲôͨʲôͨͨһɢ涼޷»ָ塣
ţ͸оԼһɾǿǿسǡ
ԼȻ󵹷ɳȥ
ûԼһˮеһ˵
裬ֱܴ衣
һǿҵŭӿ֡
ϧЩ޷κתգۼ䣬Ѿ³ڳǳУǰ
ͣͣȻУͲһרһ壬ͳ档ͣǰĹͻҪǿ󡣡
Ŀãе𺳸ǿҡ
вֶѾԵЩľǸ౦ˡ


1334 ˭ܱҲ
֪Ҳ޵еģߣ㹻ǿ㹻͵־ܹסеʹ࣬лߣѵȻҲпնߵķǲֹķ
磬ЩͿǿеס
Ȼ۹㶼еͿǿرԴ͵ҪǣѶԴﵽ˾ľء
£׵۹ȷʵߣѳȥģһΣС
һʹ죬ϡ
۹ҵ˵
ɫѾˣȥ
ո޳ͨΪǴɱķɨһеУû뵽ӭȴĽǱһ٣Ȼֱв£ԼҪӣȴôҲӲܳȥˣһӸ˻Ѿˡ
ҺòңǲҰ
۹̧죬оѡңùĹԼ϶Уңǰé
ǻ治ǵù
ߣôףȥʮ˲һˣǣɢ꣬ıռݹŹأһ㶼ˡ
˹Ц˵
ǳ׵׵ﲻ⡣˭
磬۹ɲԽҡʱ￪˵
㣿
΢΢һ㶣ϸһ£ٿ˿۹˼
Ǹط꣬ǽɣǲܼȥġһȥڽһ־޴æȰ
ʲôЦ۹ײеļһҪҵᣬӳȥǶڽɲһĴѡΣʵ̫޴ˡһ㣬ǾԲӦԸڵһۣҲҪꡣɢõĽ
ȵȵȣ۹ȻǱҸץסǾҵսƷҲȨһСץסǾа취ѹҪߣֻҪҲӦ۹
пһƽ˵ͬʱһ䣬Ѿź۹ֱʧѾ͵УɱţôڰСҪߣǲܵġ
׵ûעһ㣬۹Ҫ꣬УϵҪ黹ȻǵץסģЩԸӦĴۻٴ˵
Ҫ飬ΪԲ⡣һ֮õǺκ۹Ͼܿѵȫ̤䣬ȡĹһƵȥ䶼ֶң򶼻ᷢ޴ı仯
ԲǹԸ⿴ġ
ģֶûãڹĶȻỹǡ˵ʲôۣǾȫûбҪˡ
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۹Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪ϶ܽȻˣҲûбҪУ任ȡһЩ챦绻ȡ顣Щ飬Ҳ𵽹ؼԵá
ȱҪ
ǹ
ǾͶл׵ˡ׵ͷҲԸн
飬ǽ顣
ǿߣȻҲԸཻȻǹϵԽԽáȻܹûһ㣬лʮϲġ
ں۹ȻѾиѹˣ֮ǰҪѵĿԾ㣬ϣδزӡ
۹ֻҪľͺá
ڳѾ״ңոպ۹ųǰѴ𣬼йȫɢֿѾûˡǳô졣
ֽ˵
ܿѾʼ֪ҪٱеľѾ˳ȥҲɢӣں۹ץҪľǣǰǸù˭
к۹ı⣬ңǳأҲҪóȥп˵һȻܲҪսƷսƷȻڹСǹһأռ챦϶ֻҪܵõ˵һδա
Ȼ׷
ҵλá
һĴ󺺿˹һܸܵŨɷҪ۳ʵʡ֮ǰĴսУǧɵɱ¾ƿֲ
ãԸȥס⣬˭׼Υߣɱ⡣
׵ͷٷԸ
ǣ
ԥĴӦ
еκεķһۿ۶
Ǽ׵Ѷһ˴ģȻУǣǹСȻŹصѲܴߡ
˵
ǶԣҪľǱҺ۹ŪӡһһعŹءҪģŹظ֮أͨŻֻƿڹУ򣬶綼޴Ӱ졣ء
ȻŹػƿڹΪ׵Ц˵ڳѾȶñѾҵһȥ⿴Ρ
Ǿ͹ˣ˵۹䣬ҲǳϲѼ챦ıУӦûıοԿ۽ˡڴ˵
еĶòܿһ񫣬ҲǺõġ
Ȼʲô˺۹˭
ڳСֻͬǽڵ¡õĲϣң̽飬õĽƣ赲ǽͨҪϢ뱦⣬ǲܵ顣
ǰء
ЩɫҲһȻ֮ǰĿùЩǿ֮зླεĿֲʵµǣ֣ЩΪʿͬУս޵У⼸ؼ乫ϵһ
ͬУʿģָ˵ԣһҲֻǸѡ
ȫӰı
һͺֲܿǧǵ
ԹĵֻҪԸ⣬ЩԿԽйȫնôǿ
Ѿ򿪡
漴һȺ˸߽⡣
۹ı⣬ûŪʲô̻Ի͵ģͨ͸¶һֺɫͨǺɫɣƺһĸо
ܣһöö˶ҹ飬һƬͨ磬ɼ
ܿǶѻڱһڤҡڤƺйâ˸ʣڤҶġͨ
öڤңЩڤҵֻ²ڡ۹ѹβȻͬ죬ڤңһʲɹĲƸ
۾һ̾˵
ڤңһӴ֡


1335 Ĺ԰
ڤңֽͷֽʦλѣֱԵѣĹѣÿʮ򡣾͵ǸֵǺȾõġ
п˵
ǮʲôǮ˵ЩڤҶѣǮֶҺ󣬶˵ֻһֶѡֳȥ˿ûʹС
ܶԹһ£
£ĵ飬ҪʱμǣлͿʩΪȻȻĻһλϸλߡڤⶫòϡɢȥ
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Ĺ۾һ
ǮȻð˭Ѳ˶ǮƵ󣬺ο⻹ͨǮƣܶ𵽾޴õڤҡȻû˭ܾݺ⣬ǺĽ
ܵҲİá
ȫûѹ
ȻЩǮ鲻Ǻ󻰣˵ȥȻҲǮӮģңһڱеҲûб˼Ͼ˺ôҲı䡣۹Ҳòһ
ö౦
Ҳգգ۾̾˵
дһܼűĻܡڷŵĻ롣۹һλʮϲˡʲôϸķֺͣ磬ҩģսҩȵȡǷűķúãһ㶼Եҡ
һ㣬ҪǺ۹ԼϲãȻ޷һġ
ƯĻ
һűעҩĻǰһֻϻһ滨ѤӨɹճĹƣƷ
һۿʮϲ
ǰ׹ǻһ滨
Ц˵
׹ǻ˿ӣսڤ֮Уڹ֮ϣ滨ΪȴܶԴо޴Чڹϣƹ֮Ʒסؽ׼Ʒ
Ʒ׿ǲ͡һּΪıҩ
ʲôݣ
ָһҩѯʵ
ҩͺһݡֻǲݺأҶӷ·״˾档
ħĲݣƽʱòҪⶫɲǡ˵
ħĲݣħؼħԣǿħһɳʮ־ˣȥ֮ħԣ߻ħħħ޿ͳħġǿħΪֻƷסƷ
ⶼǺö̴棬֣˵ܻȥҲͷʾͬҲ˼֪ҩܲڵռֳɻܶҩżһ㻷㲻ˣ֣ȥ䣬ֻˮ
ǵ
ıҩĳЩضĻУ˿ӣս֮صĵصпܡ˵
ڱйۿò˵۹ղȷʵʮַḻ
滹вٵ챦
ϰټȻкܶ඼û̫ôļߣʳ֮ζ֮ϧȻϾ챦Узõʱ̡һЩ챦ǿԴḻ׻ʳĵ̡
磬Щ챦УһʮֵأΪ
ǵģһ챦еõѶϢʮ棬ںҹų貵Ĺâܱ𵽾޴ָá
챦вͬãǺҹеָһ꣬ܿʿܵõڵλõꡣǣĳЩ֡ʲôǾλáƺЩҪú֮һһܵ
챦С磬Ĺ԰ݣûĹ԰벩ݡ
Ĺ԰ܼ򵥣ȻĵطֻĹ԰еĿռ伫󣬿ɺĹǣĹ԰еʬ壬겻ࡣԱһ״̬ʼղᷢ仯ʬпʬ䣬ĹУڶ
Ĺ԰ʵǽԪսʿֱȥֻҪȥͷ·뵽һصķӡУάһֹŹֵ״̬Сͷ·ĵһӡԴ֮ڣȴѣٴγ
Ĺ԰ٴλڶĿܡ
Ȼʮ΢ֿǾпܡ壬ȻýȻͬһɶõ챦
Ĺ԰ԶֻۣҪȥάһֲĹ״̬Ҳǵסһ˵ڽתžϣҪġ
Ժһͷ
˵оӦûгĲһ١
ںǰĹصģ֪ж𱬣жˣж󰡣ȫгǰòϣһҪõġ㶼㲻㻹ò¡
пһ׻ʳĹ԰ǴУܶߵͷǿߣڽ϶̤Ĺ԰ԹԵɽȥ
ǸкܶѾߵͷǿߣ뷽跨ĽĹ԰棬ֲ״̬Улɱڶ㲻ܣҲάֲȴԵܵõҩ꣬ٴ磬ȵֻص
ǺʣһȫµĻᡣ
Ƕõĵȴֵõġ
Ͼֻзգ˭֪Լֻغܲٴλָ䣬ƿ̥֮ԡΪֵǣټ϶Ժ󱲼岻ģдڸǣңܶǿֻҪлᣬȥĿܡĹ԰һȫµѡ
öı۹ֱǱзӲãҴУԽ书Ч¡ġ
Ѿ뵽Ĺ԰;ûгɣⶫȴκ챦ѷɫһС
ݣҲһ㡣ȫ첩ݡ
ŵĿǸ־ƷݲݵԣصԣղһֻԻɱ䣬벩ݣһ룬ʣԻԣ˶ɢΪС
ףȻ챦ӦÿԸƳٴһЩһķ羰
ͻȻһ챦̲ס¶һ˿Ц⡣
ǽȻһֳǵģһֳλֳȻֳִݱġ
ֽȻûʲôϣʣʮֳɫģģ°ղãĵȶ鸽Ȼĺ¡
ңλֳܹȡԸָʩƾʮֵ档һĺãʣؽǴ׻ʳһɫһ߳׻ʳƬ֮һ
Щǲ䣬ġ
ǹͨġֻܲҵǸѡ
ڱιһҲûмּ䣬е챦һȫȡС


1336 ̲
ЩڤңһֶûжǷַȥйпеĿⶼýȻͬƣ𾴣ǷĵġȻ֪ģԸܡ
ܾǰ׳ա
ǿߵ飬Թ˵ͬҪ
ڽ飬вûвȥջﷵػȪջ
ջУƻͨ飬ȻȪջͨĶĿĸֻ棬ȻľʹݳгֵĻ棬Ѿ
ڿзؿջʱһĿз׷¶η뺧Ȼ֮ɫ
Ŀ⣬һĽ֮ɫȻɴǿͭߡ
ҵòֻ翴
ʱ˵һ仰
У͸¶һļᶨ
¥ѡһᣬһЩȪջеƲ˺һѯﵱ뿪һЩ顣
Щû˵̫࣬Ҳû˵̫;еļͿֻ࣬ǵһʴ۾ʼնϣַĵϲãԱֻóɴɫֹ䣬Ѿȫܹõ
ԽоԽӵĸоۡ
һСŮܶһ˴ڣУ󣬵жôĲףȫܲ뵽Ϊ˻ȥпܰؤ׷ɱֱܻһ漣
ЩҪʣҲܹס
Ȼﲻ˵Ҳûп׷ʡ
Ŀ⣬һ˿أֻ걻䣬δҲ˵зĻᡣΣѹ۹֮ͨǰĹŹҲֻҪǰæͻȥѡȻҪ޴ﵽ£ͬλֻۣ֮ΪˣҪغδǰԶӾʡԣҴ㽫ͻ䡣
磬֮ǰʱһǿдˣƣҪȻҲᱻ۹׹֮꣬ǰﻹֻһأܼ磬ԸֻأǳΪޣɢޣҲֿ
ҡҡͷ˵
ĿľΪѰУڿˣȻûзĵǳΪҲϧֿ֮
õģһöֻص飬ֻҪһѪڣͿ컯öֻصšʱȥͿԣɻԪǣûκӰ졣ЦŽöֻص˳
ֻصװһֻϻУϻϲƣԿĳöֻصĹ֮
ҲֻصһЩùЧ˵һ顣
Ҳ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫȻӵܶ˭Ƕʮֵø˵飬Ͼʿ˵żơȻĹޣ壬˵ûǵΪ壬ֻдɢȥ
߹֮·ǱҪרŵĹ
СٻһͬģҪû壬ʣá
ȻֻصǾһж⡣
öֻصԥľͽû˵ʲôлһмĵ׾ͺá
ˣҪ۹ʲô
пѯʵ
磬Ҫ۹ǻ֮壬ĻʣֻҪҵʽõɱ䣬Ϊ
вû
漴ͽԼѾġڤ칦˵˳ŹԲûȻҪǻ˶ʿȻ˵
ֱΪĿĵĹһȥ϶Ȼ󲨡û˭ῴһŹֱ֣ʬɾ͵һŹħеħ˵ǲͶ
мɵģۺģ̰ġһ¶ֻǱɳСʱֱӾͻᱻɱû˭硣
ﾭ̫࣬Щ飬Ȼأ͸¶ɣǴصĻ²ŻС
˵šڤ칦ڳݴķΧڣ㱾֮ѾΪŹ¸øס⹦ֲ̫ڣĻδǲҪɺ۹ѣΪɵĿԸߴųɡ΢˵
ŹȻԵҲûжʼʲôģԼġⱱڤ칦ҪǿĶ࣬ҪԹһ˿δܺƷ̫ߣ̫Ҳûá
ͬҲ֪ΪҪɸʥ壬ɱ䣬ɱ壬ϣκʿѷɫһɱ䵽ǿֲһ̰塣
ʣΪһ¯ɱǿ塣뷨ȷʵޣż⣬ʾڣѪһ㣬һѪݣͻᷢҳͻǿɡᵱǣ䡣ԣû뵽ƷѪ⣬
ͬûʲôί񣬸úǳͺǳ⡣ΪҪ⣬һвأ߻ħġóȻֱɺ۹⵨δ̫ˡ
Ҫô졣
ͺǴ󷨣ǹɣֱΪٶǽһ죬ȫǲͶֻǣɽȥˣ
˵ģҲֻ֪ǣڵֻһҲֻԺ취ٽ￪˵
ģ⣬ڵ̣Ĺ伮̫٣֧ԴǻĻϽд죬㡣ЩϵĲ㣬Ϊ㲹ϣſҴԣЩΪ̣ӦлŹز壬ڲ㷨д뷨Ѿ̫ʿ
¯򾭣ܴԼϹȱٵľֵ̡
˵ʱоѾе֢ڡ
һ䣬һٳü˽ȥ
ǵУ̺ųǧ򲿹սǵ𾭡ЩڴݵԺкͱӡȻӡǱһӱӴѶϢشʩչģֻҪԸ⣬ʱۿκι伮
ҴĹУмҪУһħһʼħƹӦûмĺôУġУŹ򵥡ϧڲڴ׻ʳУҪȻۿ˾˵ܹõ򡣡
ҡҡͷ˵һһ磬ұ磬һо޴棬Щĸɡ
̲㣬㲹ϡ


1337 ӹĸ
һṼ
صͷ˵
ط꣬Ժ͸װɡֻСƺǲ̫׵п˵֣ʮ׽˲Żƺһǲôеġ
磬֣үүȡġ
ͻȻ˵˵үүʱܿһ˿ȻںڰеľΪֹʹࡣʧȥүүͬҲӵ˸ůĸ硣˵ת۵㡣Ȼõĵס
ǰƺû˵ܸ߸𡣡
ȤĿЦЦ˵
治ǺȻ֣ȻͲҪȡҪǾǶһ٣塣
үүȡΪǣϣͬϵŮһڣ֣ǣүүǰȡģ￪˵
ǣǣңڡԺҪ֡
һ׵ͷ֣ǹȥ͸ģγǰΨһԸϣܹȥǣڡ

ͷ˿ᶨɼġ
ˣھУ棬ӣʱڲԣȻջ񡣡
Ҳûж˵ֱӽͽУֱӳͷųһǻ֮⣬ڡ
ﱾԳ˿£ʱ뵽֮УԺУһƪƪԴԴϵðΪ֣ΪϣתϱáֹԴԴϵıٶȣ˵ȥֱܰ˻

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ڽͽռûжã⴫
׵ѣܷ
ߵ˹

пڴӦ
ֻѾƿţ˽Уȴ¶һ˿أ׵ѣγȷʵ㹥Ƶģң۹ҲУ
ɫ䣬ûʲô̫ϲ빧ά
ȷʵǱҴƣң۹ҲȷʵСĪʲô顣ϰԸ֪
вɵӣߵɫУѾһЩȻ۹ƺô򵥡
֪۹Ϊʲôһ·ֱӽƬҵܻáϳ˹ϰ￪˵
Ī۹ʲôӾ˵ݡ
кѯʵ
ѿ֪һصĴڣΪӹĸ߳˵
ӹĸҼǵִ˵΢΢ü˵һǺĸΪ𾭼صĹĸһؼ֮ĸ֪˵һλ
ӹĸĴ˵ܶࡣ
ؾӹĸҲƹĸΪĸĸ񡪡ʮ֮һֳΪϲĸĸ
˵е֮ĸܲعÿղŹ˽顶¼˵䳯Ϧʳ֮ʵϹĸֻԵĹԲĵԪǿչڤ
ЩǴ˵ѣľӹĸһǰ䣬̥ӣѲĸӽԹ죬󣬵͡ӹĸ󣬼һǧ񣬶̶ʱڣѾеĴͨߡ䣬û˭ǡģĸһ壬ɵӣںϵһϡԣڴУӹĸͬǵĶ֮һ
߻˵
˵ֻǴ˵ľӹĸȴ˿ȴ˵Ҫѷɫ٣Ǹӿֲ
˵ӹĸʱÿʱÿ̶ӵ¾űٶȡʿ˵Ƕô£ô˼顣˾׷϶ȫûа취
ϰ˼ǣ۹ǾӹĸеһӡǹĸĶӡ΢΢ü˵ˣοͱˡ۹Уһֵɽ˲õ鷳
Ȼʣ֪ҲԻô
ֻƾȡ飬Ǿﲻ⣬ɡҪɱҪǡ
ǣ۹ǹĸĹӡҡͷ˵
ǹӣʲôϵ
һ̣ҲЩ㲻ˡ
˵۹Ǿӹĸס΢ɺջǿ˵
ʲô
еԣһ̣Ҳ΢΢¶һ˿㶣漴͸оԺ׹۹ĻɫҲܹĸϣ۹ǲ⡣⻹Щˡ
ĸͷⲻܷһηݡ
һ׼Բȥǡǻ
Ҫ֪ҲһĸͷףбɱˣŭĸȻԳ֣ǧգһȥǸֱӴؼĨȥĵҶʣ¡
Դ֮󣬵ǹĸ׵ģû˭ҶǶɱ֣ǹмӣǸһţͳԼ߷Χ֮⡣ͻȻ֮֡
Ϊһ㣬ܶʿϣΪĸסϾҲһϵı֤
˵ĸʮַףҪǧ֮ˡ
۹ѾץˣǶҴƣıⱻϯһգлҵҴݻ٣ھǷҲ޲пͳһλУˣǾԲܷšӹĸεҲ͵ˡҲı䲻ʵ
΢󣬻˵
ǲܷŵģⱲӶܷţ˱ɵˣԸһѽ䵱ҲԲš
֮ǰҲ֪Ȼһֹ㡣ε飬Ǻ۹ԼԽޣɱȡ乴ꡣȺ֣ɱ˺۹ĸҲ˵ʲôϾǺдȣѰ·˭˵֡ҲûдܡĸҲΪһĶӡ֣ȴǴΪ㲻ǹĸɲǶ顣ֻʱпܻ֡
ɫص˵
ݣһֱϣûе̣ôӵгߵĵλ
ˮڣȻˣǾûбҪհǰ˺󡣹ĸҪǾǹĸҲԸжǿ
вûбŵ
Ҫ˵治ﲻһ߷ѣˣҲֹֻζѣһʧûС
Сģĸӣ棬ɱףǾڴԲҪɹĸǿڵΪԲֵܵס
߼ѵ
ĸڻȪջгôпѯʵ
ȪջĹȻݼ̤࿴ضϼҵĸδػ˼ɣҪǿг֣ҲκβԣҪԼ취һ컹ǿԡ
վйâһֻһֻڵԲ̳ǰйµĵڱá


1338 
ֻ̣ҴϼùģϼҶѽн׵飬ҲּɣܴܲͨͨǾͿԼֻϼ͸ѵģϣڹĸлһŵѿͨ·ǧ
ϰ￪˵
ӹĸĿ֪֮һȻϼȣ޷ֻıޱǿ󣬾ӹĸĸֻҪһֻӻڣĸǲǱɱٴθӵһδĻᡣ
д˵ӹĸĹǾŸһ̥ŸĸֹһΣжٴΣֻ֪ҲζţĸĺɱЩӣпԼǹӵݶ֪䣬Զϡ
һ仰Թĸġ
鲼ӣǹĸ֮ĸ
ԣ䣬ڹĸһֽɵĻ⣬û˭ȥ̸۹ĸһЩ˵˵Է֣ӦǴ˵е֮
ڤڤоѾ֪һС
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ģ֮Ľײ⣬¸㣬ģֻҵһ߷Ƿ䣬ҲӰ첻壬䣬ʲǵĽף
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ʱһЩģͬǽϼҵĳ룬߱һ߷Σӿչֳǿĵ̣ҲǸԼһЩ롣˫ҪݵλԵȣĽкҪȻٶһЩƽȵ⡣
ӰǾԵò
Ȼֻһ߷
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˵䣬Ӱ˴˼ĺǾһж⡣εͶʣʣǿԻȡ޴棬ʵʵڵջ
⼸òҪ뿪ȪջڿջУٹĸϼҼӣ֧ŶãǾͿĸжԣھͷϼңʣܷĸͣɸΪ񲯡
ٴ˵׼ٴǰϼһˣܲų档
ٴ뿪
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ĻУܸܵһּٽǵϢȻĲƽ
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ûбֳȣֱӿ˵
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֮ǰһϢûУȻ۹ݣʮֵأ۲˵֪֪ģҲȥɢϢĸɲǿЦġ
֮ǰҲû̽鵽һ㣬̽鵽Ҳҳ֣ϾǺԽȣռ˵˭ܶ˵䡣вС
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ڵõϢһʱϹΪ취۴ߣĻ˵бܿһ١Ȼ治󾿾ᷢʲô顣
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õģĸҪҵֻ»ҲԼЦһҪԵѡƽ˵
˵
ɫһ˵
ãα۹н꣬䣬ԣѿŹأ·Сͻ䣬»
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Ǵﷵ䣬»û뵽һ۹ȻǳӹĸĴܡ޷߳Ȫջ޷ǰ䣬Ҳ˵һΣпûа취ٴ뿪ǰסĸԲ̫ʱ䡣
Ψһģǽи
Ʒԣ˽⡣ٿи
׵ģĳͻ䣬Բκβɫƶ˵һֳŵ
Ǿٵ졣׵ͷ˵
ʱҲȥˡ
ӹĸǰɣ㣬в£߷Ρ²УҸսл³һ
ڲûʼ׼ﻹڱչУôҪϵƹ˵ֻҪŹƾ蹦ԣЩǶһˣɿԴȥǲϱǿǿٶȻἫ졣
ʱ䲻㣬ҪһЩֶΡ
аԳʱ仳ͷȻȻĿʼӿʱ٣ڿռʱȡܵĸʱ䡣
󣬿ʼеĺɫԲ̡һֻֻ̡
Уֻܸܵɢֻصϣƴһͨ·һȥпֱ뵽޾ֻ֮С
ֻأΪؼڡȻӵۣһȷ޷ٸġ
аԳ
ֻأе˵硡
㷺˵ǣ˵˵޵˵ҲϿɡֻ̣Դ˶ֵġ
ֻֻءֻֻء
ֻأȴֻлȡˣѹһ壬ֻҪֻز弸Գ档
˵ֻ̣Ҫ֮۳Ȼֻͬͨ硣ọֻ̃ȫֻ۳ȫƾϲáȻͿԵģֻͨӦ


1339 ֻ
磬еҪȡʯֻֻ̣ܿͨҪ֮ĲܿȻ˵ԣֻҪӦĹ屦ͿԣܹӦԡ𵽿ֻص湦Ч
ҵʲô
аԳԺпͷ
˵УΪˣԵΪΪΪ
˵ҲС˵ָ壬壬֮壬ħؼΪһ壬壬һǶ壬ңǱǿһɳȻһǿߡͬoһ㡣˵
صҲҪУصǵǶħߣ˾Ķ֮أתУÿʱÿ̶Ҫвתȥпһͻٴ䣬½ֻء

ԺаһͷѾ
Ȼ˵ЩΪʱ磬һܲϴﵽĿꡣ
ںֻ̡
ûԥֻһҪںϵģûҲˣȻУǾȻֻֻܴ̺شǲѷɫʱ䣬ռ취߷֮һ
һ䣬ѾֻڡС
¡¡
ֱֻӳһƬСֻų⣬ײڻϡײУֲޱΰ纣ֱӱܻ磬ڻػˮ硣ݱأٳһƬռ䡣
̼ΪѸֻͣ̿ѹգֱӽٳĿռǿжס˲Ϣ䣬ͿٳԲǧľ޴ռ䡣ֻ̲תÿתһΣܿо˵Χűá
ֻ֮ء
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ΪһֻУٳĻϯȥѹȥÿٳĿռӾ޴
ٳĿռ䷶ΧſٳĻҪ
󣬿ռȻС
ˢ
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ʮĲ㣡
һ磬Գ֮Ϊֻؿռ䣬ֻ磬ϢȻȫһġȻ档ڿռȻţһ·ɱŵͬڿռһССǧ硣
ͬʱֻܿСȻֳĵСÿһޱȣޱȣת·һööµĺڶڶɵʣֻУɵȴꡣ
ص˵
ֻϣȻֳصĹ׭ģȻȴЩ̺˼ʲô֪֮֡ô档
ֻͨȻ죬أˣҪνĹ屦ֻͨرԴ֮ǿֻͨù屦
ֻ̣챦
һﵽؽףΪ鱦ʣֻҲ
ңƬֻؿռ䣬ȫ棬ûֱֻأǵģֱӽֱֻӽֻأ䣬ֱӾֻת֪Ƕô棬ôĲ˼顣
ֻأɵع¡
аһ𣬴ֻеõһѶϢ
ֻصù£ع¿УñΪɱ˲մӵǿ󡣹µĺôʤġ

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ڿռУʱ仳תʱ䣬ɹʱȫһֶ״̬Уʱûκεĸо
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ݵԺеĸֹ伮׷Է˵ٶȱÿһصĸ򡣲֪УӹмȡһЩ֣뵽ڤ칦УԲ˼ٶɱ䡣ڿħһЩɻȻʡ
ֲ˴𰸡
ڼϸֹ伮صսţš֪УһſħѾȻ͡
ܿ⣬һööڵķڲ˸תд󡣲֪УзĻһУΪһڵħ
Ϊڤ̣Ϊ۵̥̥ȡǧѪΪϣȥɣȡ侫ԴΪ硣̥̥ɣȥ壬̥ǣɾͻ塣ɺһеСɨءѹһС
ͻȻȻȻķһϺȡ˸鶼·һ̵õ
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Ȼ˵ȫȻȴֲ涼ԭȲ֪ҪٱƷ׶һΡ
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磬ˡ
۾ʱѾгǰ
ѾƹԺֻҪһЩȱͿԣȻˣ۹ھ͸㣬ʱ򣬵㷵䣬һ֮۵̫ǿһὫʱӡڣʱ򣬲ͿȲɱɳ
׵ͷ˵¶
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һ䣬ʱͿ۹ѾǰɱѹĶá
Ǻǣ˭ʲôݣΪжߣжྪޣ㶼ˣҵһ콾ᣬֺηᣬʹ죬ʹ졣
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ϧ㿴ˡ
ƽ˵˿κ
йâһһöѩ׵ıǰŹϵķģճĹ켣¡˸⡣

Ĵð˳Ϊһź۹ȥһ¾ͽĸӲ࣬Ȼ˹ȥԽ۹ҲڷСգۼ䣬Ѿڣ濴۹СӰ
Ȼں۹ϢȫʧöС
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лл硣
Ȼ¶Цݡ
УѾźˣһᣬԵѻŹأ䣬ʱҵֻصͿ壬ֻص̺컯ú󣬳ʱȡֻе컯λᣬǧܴ
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1340 쳾еȴط
ֻص֮ԱǿƴᣬȻûеģֻص˱ֻܿأֱٻһ˵컯Ǳѵ½ֻأĹУͷ·Ǿһֻأͬȡֻе컯
ֻʲôʱ컯
磬ѵҪֿˣβܴһﲻ͸ֿεȴϻۣнӶķԸУѾһ˿
пܣȻԸֻֿγ⣬Ǻ۹ˣңѾңڻȪջ΢һ죬ֻҪһ뿪ȻܶԷһҵʵֵܵĿԲɣȥĻᲢ󡣡
㷵ֻҪܹ˳ټҷӡڵĺ۹ȡȥţһȥңٴҵġʱһؼҡ
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ãŸ磬һҵġ
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Ψһʹ޵ľǣԼ޷Ÿȥ
Ҫ̴棬һĻǾͲѡȫԽУֱŷش׻ʳӴ֮󣬲ٷֿ
ؼ䣬ûжʱ޿̶ű޴ڣʣʱпܷס˵ĻԺԼĵˣҪ˵ֱӽҡ˵˲ǺõˡҪűˣ۾ȥ
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׵ѣ׼ôˡ
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ģѵǾãһԻǰ䡣û۸ſ˵
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оվڿջУĿƽ뿪ȻСûڹĸĸҪʱ֣޼ɵġӡǿЦġǹĸжͽֶΣҲȻʩչ
õģĸȻʱ˼ʲô棬Ҫ۵ġ޹ؽҪˣǲ׶ֵġ
֪ʱϰѾ󣬿˵һȥ棬Ҳûа취ڱĲǹĸͬһ֣Ĵ̫󣬶ңųβ䣬ԣһεΣֻԼȥӦԡ
ѾعϼׯҹšϧŲ֡
Ļ˵Ǹ̫Ŷѡ
õģӹĸ˵ʵڣһҪԣĸǲĿԽһɱһսЦĸҹʱУɱ
һϺڵĳ˷ɢȥ
Ҳڵһʱ䣬Ȫջ
ջкܶʿͲ֪ĸ飬ȻҪĸԵСֱŵõͷƤҪը
ĸ˭䣬Ȼûл᲻ȫһֽɰĴڡû˭Ըȥǡһǣǳ˵Ҳûʲôѡ
˭Ȼǵĸ
ҵĹԹԣ˹ĸǶȪջҲûãĸԸȫǱ仯޳˭˭˭˱ᡣ˭ô֣ȻҸĸ󡣡
Уô˵ףǴ˵еһ˳׻ʳ֮֡ѵڻȪջУôܡ
ҹʱѵҪĸսпܲǴսһŰɱ
ջУʿ𾪵ͬʱҲǰڴȪջΧʵƽ̫ʱˣȻڴܹһ䶯ԵĴ·
תصסʼ׼ĴսҲҪһۻʵķɣơ
ϣĿԸҴϲԿ˵е׻ʣжǿܹﵽʲôΡĸ㲻ȫ֣Ҳ޷ֵ
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УȻһڵĹŹءǹŹؿԿһţֳĻ棬УѪħڤޣԴԴ˸ŵϢʮֿ£˿һֿ־֮ġ
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߰ɣ˳ŹŹأ̤·ͿԷ䡣»ҪһġķֱΪǽطʱϲáһ˵
ΪɣֻΪں쳾е
һۻȪջķ򣬻³һ߽·̤طĵ·
һεľõĵס
ʵʵĿǰδеǿҡ
û㹻ǿʵôֿиǶԹĸĵסȽٿ
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ʱȻš
֪УѾҹʱ
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оסķű򿪡漴һŻȪջ̤ȥ
׵ѣҪȥǿǹĸܡҪԵУ׶༪ֽٰ͵⣬УæȰ
һȥĿԸߴųɾš
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дǰ̤ȪջһޱȣƺεĿԺڷ裬췢һϺȣĸս
̤ȪջʱѾĸоУƺһ˫۾ֱע


1341 
ˢ
շƱãڵڻۣѿһ϶ƺһµͨͨľͷ·ܿһ޴ĹڹУٲȻһ˵壬ֻһںڵɴڣ֣ԳصȻ
ü䣬Ȼһֻɫ۾һֻۡպϼ䣬һ˿ģжһ˿ʥࡣԽӵǿҡ
˿̵·ոԳ˯ѣ£ɢһʣ˿̣֪ʿĿ£һĭ
ʵ̫ˡ
ĸǾǹĸ
пʿܵһڤڤеĸӦ֪˭ָӦء
𣡣
ĸһУ촽Ȼ³һüֻɫȻͬʱƺֻܿһƽ漴ǵ⻯Ϊһ緢˿Ľ룬Ļգƾճؼ䣬Դʹ˹
ʣһУȫûƻ
ССһ룬ٶ֮죬Ѿκ˵֮⡣ƿնգ۾ͳǰ
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аȻԲһ˿Сӣӵأвĳ䣬ϵķӿ
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ӳ
컯֡Ǵ
˲Ϣ䣬ѾֳһսۣսϣķԾ˵ٶȿʼǣ˲Ϣ䣬ѾﵽǧɵӴ߶ȡɢ˵ƺܸܵڷѪд
ʿսһɣɱ䣬һһɡֹ̣ﵽת󣬾ͻᷢ仯ÿתһɱ䡣
ȣת֮ҪҪһһɡս壬ӵоǿսңͬڶǰдԭȵ̡
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ֲܿһڷѪ·һ̣᳹ױƤڿѡ
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ǴӲײһһĺ𣬿ֲǸ뾹ȻײУҵĲţų޾âȻӲ̽ǴСƺҪǴ׶̳һͬǳصġ
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ǿֱǲ˼顣ĸĽ붼ܵסҷɳȥײа
üһѹָҸĸа壬ԭǿһȥҸоԼҪԣֵûУֱӾͻᱻһҵҶʣ£̫бˡ
ѵĿԵסĸĹɹӹĸдҪһˡķǧš
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սȫɽɣ֪ɵĽ룬ж٣ʤԹ㡣
սƿգٴԼնС
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飡
ţٴŤ顣ȻĿռһ̾ͻָûƻɢҲܸܵеƻ
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һ𣬽µĲˡһѪֱ˳ȥӽдݳʵ̫ˡ·Ƭϯ޷ֵɡ·̺һɿֲشơ
Ǳ޴ĽɫսȻ飬Ϊ롣ķ裬˲Ϣ䣬Ѿо޴׸ڡ
ۣ
ƿգϣսۼڵһʱ䱻ͱ̳һɸӣѪжѪ⻹ǹĶͬʱһɿµĸ֮Ѫڸɢɢ궼Ҫ
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󣬽ʧ
ܿڹĸڹУƾճһ˸ֲѹڹĸܡŭ֣ɣǶصơ
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ţȻըΪѪƬ
ըͬʱһԹΰٴνѪ»ۣΪһѪ⣬նȥУƾճһǿ֮šڳֺգ۾ʧ


1342 ع
ηǿ֮޴ڣֱӶǿ֮ţգۼ䣬Ѿʧ
䣬Ȫջʿ׷׳ĬеĲþ޷ƽոյĽȻݣȴ㹻𺳣ȻûгԤϣɹȴԸǴ޴𺳡
ոǡĸ롣
ÿµĸ룬˵ǹĸеһ鱦ǧ򻯣޾ײе¡鱦鱦ǹʵ̫ˡ
Уĺǿĸĸ붼ֵܵסһεĹǽݻ٣ϧĸֻҪĸûбݻ٣ԴԴϵǱݻҲɲʲôʧ
붴Ļ棬˵ոеʵѾ׳ԽԪ񾳣񾳵ĲΣɵֵסĸǹĸ
ջУһʿڵ漴ͿʼһƬȻ
ϣͨȡϵһȪջҲĪĺô߲ûеģﲻһ߷ѣҲˣû¾òֻҲҪᴩĵزҪ೤ʱ䡣
׵Ѿˣô죬Ƿ仹һʱ䡣
ֽֽʦѯʵ
Ȼ֣ܵõԵǾ޷Ļ
뿪ķ֮ҲЩ飬ȫͨŹǰ䣬Ȼ䶺̫ãҲʲô¡
ǷɣϾбǵ硣ƾǵΪ䣬лӰⲢǺ¡
ֽʦ˵
ѾˡֽûϵϾֻһֽ˷ʧҲûʲôϵȫܵ
ǺãǵȻ䣬Ҵһʱ䡣ֽҲѡ
ƽʱǺܹǰȻˣڻ˽飬úһֹϵ̫ϧȫԽ˻ȡӴ档Ҫ׬˵

˵ʿתͷ
ȴ˵ͶһʮɫУͨ·޾ǻԡͨصڡһǿȻȻĴдݳ
Ѿݻٵ޷ܡʶѵġ
УȻԿܱʮɫУֳֻ档
ʱƬǿٴգܱȡĻ档
жۿܣ־׼ִͬһĪĻԵԲ׽һЩѶϢ˵ջ־ɱǰ֪Ҫǿٱܹ࣬
УһǧٹֵĻʶС
ܿ幥ƴկڴկɱ¾屻նɱץߣʬſЦ
ܿǿ޹Ƴſھɴ࣬ΪѪʳޱѪȡ
ҲܿɱϽնɱڽ¡
֮ڴսڲŸ챦
еľ棬ɲпᣬսɱ¾ʼն⡣
ָĻ棬˲Ϣǰ뼯оܲ׽õѶϢ
ף˳
ͻȻһ棬һ˿ȡ
ȻԿ˳ȣƴɱռ䡣Ļ棬̫󣬽˳ģԲֻд׻ʳһ
ʲôع
ͻȻ䣬һǰһ嫵ĵعǰǵعһۣ޷ǵعУޱߣܿһӴϢܿɽΡٸȻɢɱ֮һۿȥ۾ǿҵĴʹС
ֹǲգ̾Ϊֹȫһֲ˼ľ󡣷·ǳɽдεϡ
Լ䣬·ܿ޴Ĺ״纣
·ڵعУʲôֲĴڡ
ǻֻһţȴĵף޷ǣǻ棬̫ˣѾ޷ݡ
ǵعʲôع˭޽ġ
Ժֳһǿҵɻ󡣲Щɲ룬дٶ̫ˡ
ˢ
Ƴǣʹڡ
ȻԿбɶϣܵԪڲתĬĬšһö˸ǹϳɢϵϡ
һ̣ǿηУǹ˲䱩ǣǰδеŨ
ͬһš
һѪһԽ
ˡ
һ̾ϢУѪûκԥΪһ⣬û뵽ڡ
䣡
ںϡ϶Ϊһ
ɲǼ䣬һǿ˲ɢ
ȻȻڱǿĻۣȫ뵽ڡΪʵǾ磬ȫںһ𣬱Ϊգۼ䣬ļ̳˷ĻۣڷһɲǼ䣬Ҳﵽתƶľ硣
һΣΪȻԱ
عʲô
ԺлֳعľһĻĻ𵴡
ϧûдĸĸε飬Ժ绹ʱ̡ʱҾԲٱ׻ɱаԳ
𱻻ɱһɲǣҲǰǣǽ̫Եâ޾ʮֿ¡ǽ룬µľǷԶһС
ϧ鱦Ȼδؾͻ

̧ۿ˿ɫѾ峿նҲûټȥĴ㣬ſں
ūڡ
⴫˳
Ȼһֱػ档ʱȴŷԸ
֪ͨȥŷ׼šȥ԰֪һ»ʺ󣬻ϰһγأúóһμ硣
Ц˵߳ңѾվ⡣
ܿΪԽԽտϢַҲ൱ڻʹУ˵һ֡ѾɵϴóңЩҲĿõġ
ǲ£ʲôë
ǣūȥ졣ĴӦſȥ
뿪һ䣬âһȻԿܽȵӰѾǰ
ոջڿռ䣬գۼ价ͳ׸ı䡣ܽǰһڿкҲŰ
ôûм
ܽڿѯʵ
Ҹ˵Ĵ׻ʳҲҵĻʳǻʹѾκݷشˡһǴ׻ʳǣƳǡ
º͵˵
Ǵ׻ʳʹȴκҪ̫ˣңڡϡܽھȵĴܣͲ΢΢ŴǾȵĿܡ
ͬʱһ˿
ǴףҲ˵ϾҪԭȵŮˣһ̣Ȼƽ


1343 ϲ֮
õģ֮ǰҲ˵ѼԸ񶼲ֻҪģǶǺܺദģҪ£ֻҪƽĶԴͺá
Ҳܽе벻ץס֣ο
Щ綼Ҫԣһ㣬Ҫ˵вŸŶԡûʲôǹȥĿԵĻҪԡӱܽκ⡣
ڶס
ܽ׵ͷе֣е漴ʼƽ
ΣǾһжá
ڳҲѾ˽οʼڻع飬ŹȥңɼڴռĹУ̣ʱмġпʱ䶼졣
԰ƽʱŵǴͤѾɨĸɸɾһݷʳȽϵĶеִʱԿҲѾִ
ˣһλǡ
һӺݹǣɻ˹ߵĲܽڣһĨɫ漴Ϳѯʵɫֹ䣬Ѿϵ򵥡
ǰչһΣǸǴһλá
¿˵
Сٻ߼ܽڣڴͬʱҲԵͷȲ˵òѷɫʣҲܿԲͨ˼ҳòƭˣǲƭ˵ġЩװġ
ǲдˣҪϿɣٲҪֲ֪ĶŮҪ˵ʹ֮н͵һ㣬ǾͲϣġ
ͬҲҪġ
ڻʹУϣҶͬһһһ𣬶ǳ֣ϾʿҪģɲǼʮѣǼ꣬Ǽǧ꣬ԶҪǺ󹬲Ӱ̫ӡ
λǴκĹܲٵŮܽڣΣΪһЩ飬ԳΪҵŮˣԺ󣬻ҪǶչˡ
пڽܵ
κĹܲٵŮô¡
¶һ˿֮ɫѯʵ
ǿη飬вûж˵˵һҪܣԽ֪Խãڲǣ˵Ҳûʲô
ܽڼѼ㣬½㣬ǽ㣬Сٻ㣬߼㡣
ܽҲŹʩݼķֺϾеĹ͢ǱҪѧϰĿĿ
Ϊֹ˺
һ˵ҾһˣԺԼҽá
Ц˵
ľѳۣҲûȥʲôˡ΢Ц˹ȥ
һ˷׷
бС޳簮СԴ
͸˵εκľһĻĻŵ˵һ飬Ҳ˵һЩŮɫϱáĸʱСٻ̲סһ󾪺Ŀ¶ǵĿһۡ
ϧܲҲһκȴֱʣϧһ˳˵ʵһʧ
̾Ϣ֪ܲԲܲٵһ󶥼˳Բʲô£ƫƫвƣò˵޳޶κ׻ʳδزֿܡ
·Զ⣬Ὣ¶Ҵ׻Ҫøǿ
Ҳ׵ͷ˵
ŮҲԲܽڱӹػǳ׽Ĵڡ
Ҳּ⣬Ϊź󣬲ǰȥʹѡһס޹ңȡΪ˼

ʮ¶ʮߣ
λعĵڶգ󳯻ᡣ
ڳУȺ񣬿ν˲żüãƳ壬ڼƣճë죬㦣ͫ|֣褵ȵȡ䲢Уվġһ϶һŨҵĶ־ڵĳãûʲôĶǵ¡
ÿ춼µı仯
ֿŴڱǿźõķǰḶ́ÿһá
УһЩ׷ڳ˳ͬʱٵõ֮һЩҪ飬Ҳõ
»ѹķһʱŵԽ
п˵Σκ顣£ѾϾΣǵزܽڵ⣬Ǵ˴κա֮࣬ѾﵽʮڵӴ֡
֣ɲô򵥵ġ
һɳʮ˿㣬Ȼʮ˿ڻУκɳǣϰ˿ڡʮġ
ʮ˿ڣҲζţٴǧɳǡ
ǧɳǣÿǧѹһƬҰҪĽҪӴ󵽶ô˼ĵزζʲôζţ㹻ĵ̣ٴηţ
Щһڳ˵
ʱһƬȻж¶⣬ףڴ˵Ƕô޴һλ
ϲ£ϲ£ʮ˿ڣҴ׻ʳٴνǧɳǡýٴšõǰ˵
ΪѵõĴϲ¡
һ˳𣬺ϲ֮С
пãĮ˵
жʱһ䣬еϲ漴ɢ·һˮͷͷŵס
ǰκҲ˳һκڣĴΪƬ򣬽ΪյشԣǼΪġ
˵
У廹ԶԶûдﵽսĵزѹǿЦ顣˳Ǿʧʧˣˡ飬ǵõʮ˿ڣҲûʲôֵϲġ
ãֹۻЩ㰡
УãԺһͷ
Ȼʮ˿ڸΰţҪλúһ
׵ͷ˵
ϣǴ׻ʳӵޣߵӥ쵺㵺УѾȫɳǡ½أͳ֮ڡȻ컹һЩ˿ϵȱڣ޷ʮӴ˿ڡΨһĽ취ǼšռݸĽ򡣡
ڼ˵
ȻҪ˵Դ׻ʳĽҪʮ˿ڣԲʲô£ںܶɳǣǴ͵˿ڹģʮʮĳ̶ȣʮ˿ڣԺֻһ˷ѡ
Ų;
ڴ׶ԣǾһٶá
ŵĻֻ岻ţҴǿʵ㲻ֱӳ֣Ҳֶ谭ƲֹۡڴУӵȻơһ޴в
˵
ЩȻòǡ
Ȼ޷ģ֣ҪһЩСǼֱҪ̫ס
Ӧʱ֡ʱ䣬ռݸĽʮ˿ھʱҴ׿תԣϢΪʱջ񡣱ǿиɵ⣬ɱޣȡʬѪǣٶȣѪ׽ľء
΢˵


1344 Ϸ־
ѪǴ׻ʳһϱݣͬһǿػʱ䣬ѸͣѪȻн򣬿кܴһ֣õģѪò֣ȻһԷӳػ֮ɵ޷ȫʵ峤ʱȡ
Щõĳǳ壬ҪѪ졣
ǳǣѪ졣
ңѪ쵽֮Уɲκ⣬ûдأҲеĺˮѪǴؼ䡣ֻҪ룬û˭׿̫죬ҲѪ޷ϡ
·ģܱߺУѾڴģȡѪ⣬ÿ춼дͽ˳ԣѪ黯ʵĹÿ춼ڳֻŵĽ̫Ҫȫ֣Ҫһʱ䡣
Ƴ忪˵
ѪҪΣκεʧԽ򣬶ڴ˵ôԽ࣬ǳʲôʣӵӦԵʱ
Ǵһδδսܽľ顣
£һ»϶ᡣ
ʱë쿪˵
Ŷ
пë죬׵ͷ˵
嫺ʹǰϣ¡ë쿪˵
壿ǵΪ¡ʵ
ҪΪ׻ʳĻޡëһ˵
ʲô
徹ȻҪΪǴ׻ʳĻޣҪʲô
ޣǾǹޣһȷҪǴ׻ʳˣҲˣǲ⣬һ⣬Ǵ׵Ӱʵ̫ˡ
ҰĲѾռݴ󺣣Ҫֱ쵽½ϣҪֽŲǴ֮ڣ˼Բʲôá
ܴӦһΪޣӰ̫󡣡
ë컰ʱһƬȻĲ˵屾ѾΪеĵˣ˭֪ʲôʱͻǳΪޣⲻڿЦô
ֱ˯һ𣬻ᷢʲô飬Ѿǿõ¡
˼ֻ嫺Ǵ׵һ̽ں棬Ȼк֡ڼ˵
ֱӾܾס壬ܵʱ䣬ȡһĻʱ䡣Ҳ˵
ϼչءǰһ˵
ë䣬£㴦˵޵飬򱾻ʱչأ޷ӶþӶá׵ͷ
ԼҪչˡ
ʣõһɣ˵ǽڣŵĽڣչֻ˵˵ѣƵĽڡղչأǻԼ顣
ֻҪ湫Ȼ¶ͿԡҪ΢ıһòڵһҲͿԣչأֻһʽϵѡ
ԴˣȻȻܡ
ڻǸ巭ʱ
һ㣬ľѾ֪ؼ̫ĴܣΪؼĶǿ壬Ҫûǿߣǲǲ˼顣
˵ÿһ죬Ȼô׶һֵ̡
Щкôġ
ʱ󳯻Ž
೯һƽ硣ңǵײ㡣ÿһƽ綼Ǭ̺ӴĿռ䡣
ӴκдİգطɰãϾ֮󣬽µɳǣЩֳɵ˿ڣԣȰƽУȴµĽÿһɳǣǨƳȥһա
飬ƳȻ
׷׸
ƽУ޴Ŀռƾճ֡ͬʱҲ֪ͨڿռеաܰţ˳ſռ߳
ˢˢˢ
â˸䣬ȻԿԴԴϵĴ̤
һϼҴڣŸǶ֮ǰµļʲ٣飬ԴԴϵĳƽСƽһ¶֮ɫĻκȣȻȫͬ
Ǵ׻ʳô
һʿӿռ˳̧ۿܣĿ·Կƽ֮⣬ŨԪĶܵһá
񶼳׷
ǡ־֡
ʿߴһתͷȥͿһǰлмʮϤӰ
֣ô
ʿ̲סϴϲæ˵
ʿȻϷ־ţģǹ֮䱾ʶġ棬ȻһĪϲ¡
־֣û뵽ǻǴ׻ʳҾڴ֮ΪǴ׻ʳٴμ棬ʵ̫ˡһ¸һȥúúһ١Ϊӷϴ
Ц˵
֪ط꣬һϲ¡
Ϸף̫࣬Ҵסһʱ䣬ĴߣҲЦ˵
Ϸ־ĴţȻǲҪǣв֮ˣô۷ģҪõǵϿɣҲһͿ
ʲô֮һ˲žҪݵڽ£겻ǲ޻̸֮Ը顣
׻ʱ¡
Ϸ־ſУҲ漴ǰݼʩ˵
λգΪ׻ʳ֮СѾǴ׻ʳڣ֮ǰĴκȻ𣬲岻ʹҷģѾװȫˣڴУҲú»ܵĹú˯ˣ޷̫
ǾҴ׵İաҴ׵ҴУú壬Ҫӵɱս壬κҪаգ˶ŬøǿӵػԼ˵
ÿޣҲú£ʸΪˣŸҪǿΨˣſ
пŲ߳ƽеգܿϵãȻԼһֶδ
ԣЩգҲվ㹻ġ
Щжʱ¶⡣

Ǵ׻ʳһ˳ĿУŲĵλͷֻҪ˵ȥһֵ㹻ǿҵš
̫ˣڵþˣĵþˣΪ֮ǰѾûа취ٶɱ¾ѣҲΪֻǽСռУʱܣû뵽Ŀ׻ʳ֮ǰҲԣû뵽ġֱ̫ˣ̫ˡ
ǵþˣĻˣԺҲú»ᱻ嵱ѪʳԵҲú˯ȥҲѲˣҪУԼƿز˵ĸоʵǲٳֵڶΡ׻ʳ϶ʥء
׻ʳ̫ˣҲԸ忹⣬壬ɱ壬岻κԺһҪǿøǿ󡣽ҲҪɱ塣
һƬȣеĿǿȡ
ֻܹǻеʸһ㣬ǰκûа취ġһԱȣȻ˲ࡣ


1345 
Ȼƽ֮Уô׻ʳܵĴﶼһ˿Ⱦ˶̤֮·ΪʿƽĻУżԶطҪ࣬Ҫ̫࣬һΪʿȻýȻͬ
һĳажһҪƿԼ˵̤֮·Ϊʿһüõĵ·
УȻԴ׻ʳһ˿Ͽɡ
׻ʳǰ֪һǾܵ񣬶ȴҪǡΪʿǳѪԣǾ
ΣգԴκеཫʿ򡣶ңǾȻ׻ʳĽʿֻҪתޡս䡷ٸԴʱڳɳҪ˶ãܴﵽɿõĵز
Ǹ״һԴ
ͬЩʿУвٴκеĽ졣ΣɡС
ܲ׼κˣ̽ţνһ֮棬ֻЩ컹޷ܳΪĹݣϣսΪսɳս϶ȡȡҫҪģԣڵ֪лǰ׻ʳȨ֮󣬶ѡ̤ڿռ䡣
ǣеľҲٴθеҡ
һλ
Σ
ɣ
Яʿμ׻ʡ
Σܿ׳ꡣһ񣬶۷塣ֶصʣڽʿжɧȺ
λʿڴװǰΪֹֻһݣǾǴ׻ʳǰʧȥҫǾսϣѪ¶
׵ͷ
λжսһвѷɫڴ׻ʳսȻҪ֮УոףҲû
˵ˣѵܵɡ
󣬼ȹٶЩսеǼǣ¼뻧켮ͬʱҲʼͨͨѶгʦѾʼ׼ʳˣǾḻͰĿʼת
ͨѶڣǿ̵ʱڣԴ׻ʳ˽⡣ȡѶϢᵽ׻ʳĺô

ʱһΣֹȥ졣
УƽȻһƬ֡
ͬʱ褵ȽѾʼŴܱ߽ƽ̽ûмӥڵķ죬Ϊģʼ˷ֻ̽һǶϱͬʱ̽šͼѰµĵ죬µ½ء
ΪģߵӥڵķǱ̽ģǶ򡣲Ǵ׾̽ͽͬ̽
⼸Уںзֹµ
ȻЩµ󣬶ңḻ棬ʮϡ٣ǿ˵Щµ̣඼ռݣΪƽʱЪŵĵطĹµڷֺ˵н󣬾ͻķˮʦЯɳǵִڹµϽɳǡҿʼܱ߻и졣
ˮ¸ֲ֡ûĵڶʱھָܻ׻ʳϢš
УÿһɳǣƽڴӴκЯİҲǨƳȥһѸȫӣ뵽׻ʳ֮ڡġһжڳźõķš
Ѿչˡ
Ҳû뿪ʹŲŮ˼ûûңӡٲ˼δͬߣŮϵõױȵܣζʵǲ˵Ҳ
Ȼãȴǳܵʱ̡
ڶƽ硣
ƽУһʼն䲻ġ׼޷ҵټ⣬˭֪еĴڡ
һ䣬ѾС
ܿ⴦ʮֵļ򵥣Ҳ˵жż
ӳеģһųصıűڰеģڤڤָӦűԼġű֮⣬ܿģһƬޣ˵У˵һ޵Ŀռѡ
жȥܿǰֳʮö˸ɫʵƸ֡
һο۳ʮöҲ˵һβμֻʮԷԾܾǰпܣʮ
ҲˣһʮЩõˣԺ󻹿СƣֻҪȡӵýʸ
μֻ߲̫࣬ҪѡγʵĿͻͺáһ꣬꣬ôȥδزܳΪؼһʢᡣ
ţʱƣὫΪһʿ֮͵ʢᣬУֵıؽ챦ϡĹ屦
ؼ䶥ǿߵһξۻᡣ
μӵȫջۣӣ׳
ʱ䣬ֵǮҲֵǮ
ȥɣѡԵ֮ǰ
жǰʮöһ֣ʱǰһѷ죬ȻȻĽ˽ȥգۼ䣬ͳʧһȥƽκ
ֱѡȡߣֱӴ͵УУҲûа취档
ȫ֪Ļʲôˡ
ȫġпһؤпһֻҰпκ壬κǿߡ
ϣԴһЩȤߡ
Ҳɰڴ

˿̣УһĴɽǲͨɽһɽɽɽϣκһʯͷǲһľӣа͹Ŵ󾵣Сƽ⾵ȵȡֱָһƬھӵ硣
ɽͽɽ
ھɽϣһȫɵĹ
УǾӡʮֵѤ˵ȫ˼顣һѩ׹װŮһ澵ǰױ磬һɫķ˿˫εľɡ
ӰӣңŮ˭
Ů˵
ͻȻһŮ˵Ȼ龵ŮˣֻŮؼŮˣһ㣬˲Ҫκλɡ
ǻдݳϣݳһ𾴡
ܺãܳʵŮܸˡ
ŮЦ˵
ˢ
ʱͻȻǰĿռһŤŤ£һ˸ǳɫʵƾճ֡

Ůӿƣ¶һ˿֮ɫҪ֪ǾɽһУƹܣûû˭Դﴩռ䡣ھɽڣӲҪ˵ƾմһƵǰֱǲ˼顣
ңʱһѶϢȻȻĳԺС
УʱѾı䣬㽫ǿ߽нףһǼУнס


1346 ι״
ǷԸǰУǻ񣡣
һѶϢŮԺУܵףֻҪԼܾƾͻֱʧǰȥѰһλԵˣһܣöƽΪһ塣ΪԼһ֡
ôȤ飬ôٵңôϣҪʧҵҪжôءֻʲô챦
龵Ůֽӹöƣ˵ȻѾöƣ롣
ţƻһ⣬ȻȻĽ龵ŮסĴԭʧƺһصķ֮в˼ڤڤе֮԰쵽˼飬컻أǧٹ֡

һƬ֮С
ܵïܵĲ׳ָ滨ݣ˿̣һ޴ľ£һӲӵķڹ£ƨŤšΣƺʲô׷ɳȥ
ǹ졣
ƺԵЩһ㣬ǼžĽʲôֲĶ˯
ֹɭУȻôһСӣʵЩ˲Ŀ
һܾ裬һͻ䣬صܱ̽ߵĶƺһжͻߡͻȻ䣬һϮǽɫӰתͷ˹
תһ̣Ȼȫò
һźһèԲԲƤһ壬ִֶֻ֣֫צȴǸĴ󣬻޵βͳڵϣϹһֻĴǻζûзκ
ȻһֳЩվ״̬Ľɫè
ɨܣûзٴοʼھ
ûãֻè¶ϲ֮ɫӵץһ֦ǿ֦·ĳһ֣ѾɿݣǱøࡣֻèȴСĵĲú󣬽Ҳ֪ܵʲôطȥˡգ۾ʧ
ʱֻèȫëŵĹֻ۾ǰռһŤһƾճ֡˸صĹԡ
è̽鷢ûΣպֽУͬõеѶϢ󣬹âһѾԭʧ
̣Ȼһ˿ûУƾʧ

һƬ嫵ĺУһƬ޴ϿȣϿڣܿݺᣬÿһ϶鲼ŹصķģЩѾ⼣߰ߡΧûκ׿
Ԩײܿ׹ǱضǣѻɽȻԿԨ֮£֪ô£γһƬ޴ѪѪϿȡȻ䣬һž޴ͷ­Ѫˮð˳ܿһֻסǣ룬ɼ
ֻǣһͷ޵ķ·Ѫһ壬۶ѪɫⲻǺѪѪϢʮŨԨУͲ֪жӴ
ĳ֣һ
ܿϡǴ̴
һ죬һġ
Ѫһͳ
ʱ֣ǰһŤһѾǰ
УֻҪ뿪˵УҲԸǰѪ۾һԥľ־붼ö롣ȫһֱܡ
ɵ

Ļ治ϳ
ЩƾҲ޷ֻ֪ͬоȴûйȥáͿڵƬ޿ռУͻȻһɫͨŹâһԿһűƾո֡
۳Ρ
ЩϸȥܿµıѷɫһԳλĲࡣҲΪ˵
űۣȻ䣬Կһ˸ʮӰͬʱڱϣֻⱦȻԣǵȫסԿ̽棬ֻܿڱһص⣬ʣȫ޷塣
ڱȴֳһصӡǡЩӡǣƺǵݡ
еĳһƯľӡеĳһֻèצеĳһֻѪɫۡͬڽһɲǣѾеһЩ
ȻǿԿǰߡǲعԲܶ谭ĿǵıĿ
еԣҲ׼ڿǺҲɰһò̾ǧ磬治УƵѡ񣬹Ȼûʲôɵġ
ûһǱȽġ
ŮҲǰɫװ·ŵһʽľô¡ЩȻС磬һװƷɸװô£ϲӣҲûбҪȫɡҿҵİɡ
ֻèô£èôвèûʲô𣬽ӲӵģϹŸô£è
Ѫеװа֮ȫǷԹ˲
һ׷ߣ嵹壬ֻеУһֻģһֻȴǸӤСûʲôа
ͬŹ֣磬вԾĹֳһƤĹѾˣңϢܿⲢͨ
һΪ£żľ飬ƺͨ飬ɢȻϢһЩҰ޵Ϣв²⣬ӦǾ³ȻǴȻػߣȻΪڴУӵԶǿս
һնϳʹ壬ʱӵԳ򣬵ڣұߵȫնϣֻʣߵֻңֻѾɺɫɫʹűʵ𡣿ӦҪˡ
һžƺ«ʿʿңһΪΪȻݣȴʮִ
һϢʮĿޱĽ׽ǽ˱Ѫĸо˿̲סҪܿ뿪ߡ
һλһֻ۾ӹˣ۾дݳһɲĸо̺ԣ۾ǻۣǶصңǿ
Ҳǧٹˡ
ȻЩֻһ˿Կĵ
ܿģһعԣ޷ߡ
ҲеĴڣģ˭ɵӣһ۾Ϳеλڲͬ
λѣȶ֪Ȼǲ֪ҲûйϵҿٴΪǽһ顣
ñϵķ֣ȿ˵УģǱѡеԵߣ޹ݣ޹ضԹ޹壬еֻͬһݣǾߡõݱй¶һнףܵеıӡκνףõܣֹ֮ڡ֪


1347 
ÿһпһϵرꡣпһӶ棬໥ǿԻһáͬһĪԵ֣ϣҶϧ
λӽǵרλһ䣬λҲϢ֮ôڡ֮ǰǿԸȡһţ⽫е
ʼ֮ǰҶ໥ʶһ£Уÿһֻ꣬ʮÿνףһ꣬꣬ٴηʮơϣλܹϡ
л˵
ǽеһЩ˵һ顣
ҽ龵
龵ŮЦ˵һ˫ĿܡƬպǺ棬֣ԼڵȻһصĹȻǱӡȴ޷ʩչ˵û˭ﶯɱ
һ㣬̶ϱ֤ȫ
ȻˣҲûϾ뿪Ĵ㡣
è
ֻɫķèתӣԲͨԽһСͶҪܽн
Ѫ
Ѫ΢տ˵Ѿоʮ棬ϵȻĲˣЩѵõʱ⣬Ȼ֪ȥôȴ㹻еһܡ
У
ƹ
ħ
٣
ϣ
ף
ۣ
Ҳ׷׿˵ԼĴţ˵ǴţʵԼֱ˵ҲûжǱܵĸоĴţԼڤڤеϵ˭û˵ʲô̫׵Ĵš
һ㣬ȻеУԵͷ
漴˵ҾеˣȻǾͽҵˡ
𣿡
Ŀⶼ˲ϣĿƺһ˿ӡ
ĳƺŶҽУǾ;ԲһκţһڣǾͱҪг˵ʵҪȻˡ
ͺһͨΪֻۣҪ˶ãҶʣ¡
ҽеţֻҪǰ׳գǾһпݵλһĵײɰԲ
ʵϣ֮ǰѾڰԲ²⣬ܽǴϵرĴ⴦ؿռ䣬ԲһֶοټϸԳƵһһжеڲϵĲ²šңܵ˲²⡣ϧٿò£ȫûа취ȥ¡
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𡣡
ѪҲڼ
еӣٴһȼ
ˣǾԵ֣һֻһΣһΣҪȵһꡣУκƷҩҩ鱨ūԽнסÿνףֻķʽС
һóҪıΪҽнףﻻﻻǰ˵ԼҪı͡涨ӦķΧѡԼҪġвгȡκηãڵĿģǸλ໥׵ƽ̨һθı˵Ļᡣ
м˵
ʱһЩ򣬲ƴۣѡԼҪģѡšȡԼǱ
ûнʲôġ
˼飬ȴøӵǿǮƣǮʲôǲ΢ĶԱҪ˵Ǿһ֣ЩǲǮġ
Ҫ챦ıǲĺôԻϵر챦һƽ̨ƽ̨ƿУҪȡ棬ֱǲҪ̫ס
һ㣬ʿɵ۾һǵĺôֱһ׵ıء
ˣȻҷģǾשϣôջ񡣡еȻһЦ漴Ϳ˵ȫģʽᣬ˵һ׻ᡣ
ģǵһΡҪ֣Ǿ˵Ĭ
һ֣ǰһֻֻľ̳̳ܷģңھ̳ϻֳſ׭֡һۿȥŶصϡ
Щƣʮ̳
ÿ̳Ǳ׼ʮ
Ҳ˵ľһٽ
ΪǾſĶſ𣬺ԽΨжſſĳ˭ҪĻԿڱ۾ġҲҪǮƣֻҪﻻʮ̳һۡĵرҩԽоġ
п˵
óȷʵǶſ𣬶ңǷںУʱ仳ʱ٣öſԡʱ֮ڣɳøӵ㴼ӵǲɶõ𣬶ڰƵ˵𲻻޼֮
ſǿǾʦүĶſƣؼ䣬žصĵλ֪˿ɵá
ƣſ𡣡
۾һöҲǰƵˣԼзϣ˹Ŀ£ҲϲϾֶÿ첻ϼھ͸оЩ̫ƣȻҲʮֵϲſǾʥƷͶˡ
ȻǾĶſ𣬻ĳ޼ֱ֮޼֮ƹʹ˵۾׷Ź⣬ʲô⣬ɢһգΪСڶſǰƶѽֿƺ޲ֱӽоȫȥ
Ȼ˭ԶſȤ
Ϊģÿֻһγ۵ĻᡣƷ޷ȤģڿԳۡ
Ц˵
гˣóһƥƹҲˣóһսһҩ
˲ûг֡
ȻͨĲǧ³ı˿֯ɣµϵȲϣƳĻ£֮Ȼǿ֪ġԷͬСɡ
ǹս⡣
²ϳսշУ¹£սĪ⡣
ҩǧڡ
ֵֶơ
˵棬һܵ׷⣬ƴᣬѪȷ磬ǲսӵѵá
ؼǣһŴ׻ʳвû¼Ĺս
мۣ֪ʶ޼ۡ
ԺһͷѾһʱ
ЩǾƹѵˡ
ƽ˵漴ֱɽסҩͨͨУΪء
ϧ
пֻ̾Ϣһǰıϲƥ
Щ㿴Եȣڽ˫Уȴõһνס
⡣
׾ô򵥵ˡ
ֵ龵Ů
Ҳûгɣּ䣬һ澵ӳǰ


1348 
澵ΪӰֻҪ׼κεطԻһʱӰ죬ܹȡʮΧһӰͬԻʱ䣬׷̽飬໹㲻һȤС⣬˭ҪԸ⣬ҪصıԽнȻҪûеĻǾס
龵Ů˵
ɫɴһ֮ɫ
óľ˿û⡣ֻóˮƷѡܹӳȥĻ棬ĳ̶ֳϣȷʵһֻڴ󲿷ʿ˵ûʲôôֻܻݹȥⲻ漰ʱ䣬ǵӰǰӰѡ
ʵͬߣֲǿ̽δı
Ȼ龵ŮҪǸֹصıĿġҪ˭ܹõĳıԲһЩȡ
ʮλ΢΢ҡͷ汦Ȥ
°ɡҳʮöң֪龵ΪΡȻǵѾ۸ûдﵽԤڵĻԾܾסɵġ˭ǿ󡣡
Цſ˵
ƷһʼܼǮߵͣɽףﲻǣɣһ£ҪһЩ׵Ǳġ
ãȻҪǾʮöҡ
龵ŮûоܾЦ˵
汦УֻһЩСѡûжֵġȡʮöң۸Ѿˡȫλϡ
ǽֵˣһ챦Ϊҩҩʦҩо޴ôӳɹʣҵҩ̨ҩõҩĳɹʸߣңлҩָƷҩҩʦ˵ǲɶõı
ֻóһ챦˵
ǽͬһиɫı־׺˿ʮʡ
ò˵Ǻö
ҩʦ˵ԸΪۣ֮ҲҪȡıҩʦʦκһӳɹʵĻᣬǱģܹȡӾˡ
ҪõһֶⱦϡɽƳȱġκһֶԽнסм˵
˵ƷֵǾˣ˵еʨӴ󿪿ڡɽϣ̺ϣӵпƳ鱦ǿ̡κʿУǶ䱦ʮֵı׼䣬ǲ˵ڣ˭ϣԼܵõֶıģԸ󣬴Ӧı鱦֤Ǳǿ
ԣϼıģһ˵֮챦ѷɫȻ챦Ҳ޷ƣǾǣܶ챦ѾӦĽơֻҪͰ࣬ͿԲϽƼ߲ΣҪĥֻҪС
챦֮ļ۸ûжпȣпв𡣵𶼲̫󡣵Ȼҩ챦ȫʸҪȡϵĵ
öϾŽľԸ⻻ȡҩ
ٿ˵
ҩƺżȤ
ŽľɲͨϣǶŴ׽ٺ󣬲ܹΣҪ֪κι׶һ٣һξпܷǣ׻Ϊҽһ׺ܳɹģпһ궼ѵáӲҪ˵ɹŴ׽١
Ǿ֮һļʣ΢СС֪֮˾̾ġ
ʯ
Ҳ˵
ʯ˵𻯷ʱɢʯУֽѣ±ǨɣǶǶƷҲƶɽϵϡ
֪ҩͬʮֵĸȤ
жҩܸͬȤûпڳۣᣬȻʲôöҪһ֣ÿ˶ܵõҪģǶиӵӣеõ棬ȡҪıǺϸС
ؼǣҩʦڴ׻ʳлûУ˵ûҩʦ֣ıδûлȡڲǱҪõġ΢ŷ֡
ҪŽľ
΢Ǻɽס߶Ȼɽף˭ûиʲô۶ӡ
顣۳飬棬ӡһ嶥ͨһԱصǿƻʮֿ񱩣ңһöڹؼʱ̣ԱƽʱԲϵԷͨƻΪǿκʱ򣬶ܷӳǿá
Ѫ˵
ɫһĨ塣
ɲͨ壬е֣⵮ѪΪѪаڵʱһµѡ¾飬ƣ嶼¾ΪҪѪ飬ǣѪ֮զ뼺ÿһζܲ˼ɱ䡣˵ɾŴμ£ԻѪа֮档ǿ¡
ֻϧʱȺΧ嶼֣ΪҪѪǿѪ룬ĻѪаɱ䣬Ѫ
ľٶ嶼𹥻֪һս֮£ձںԨ֮£ٲ÷⣬Զѡ
Ѫ¾ɲ¾壬ϵȫΪսƷһֶֹΣڵıͨǿ۵УΪͨƴһ顣ֵ˵κ챦ѷɫ
ĳ̶ֳϣӰԵǿᡣԿԴݿ࣬ء
ȻһԵķÿʹһöǾһöΪˣԵøӵ
ҪƽƷ챦ֻҪܶԷӡƾǿƻó飬һöһöнףҲȫнסͿλܳʲôļ۸񡣡
ѪԥĿ˵
ҪģҪƿӡֻҪƿӡǸٴĴ۶ֵõġ
ЩµľеķĽơֻҪЩƣһжʱԽġ
ƽž޴
ƽһöؼ󲿷ֽƣҵһż֮Уƽ飬üõٵĺö
п˵óһöɫı飬棬ܿصķ˸ڽȻĿ֮
һΪյпһнơ編󣬶ƿʱնƣյѾòƣֻʹΡͻ᳹𡣡
ͻȻ˵
гһڽɫķɵѾ鲼Ѻۡƺʱ顣
ԷֽʦƵıֽ⵶ֻҪѵնУ󲿷ʶᱻֽ⣬ΪĩȻҲ֤һЧЩֽ⵶Ҳ޷á
Ҳ˵
óһѰС
Էֽʦı


1349 вè
ⶫûʲô̫ô鵹ǲ̺ıͨԣͨʮǿһֵ̣һԣ֮ڣۣв²⣬пǽһȥ
˵ܴп̽һŶͨв֮ͨȡֵͲɹˣȴоδػڣЩͨطŽȻơ
Ҫȡԭ
ƽΪ򻯼Ȼֻһԣȴһ챦ؼһнƣûϵģԱ֤ǴͨµķӡһԼơ
ͻȻ䣬ֻèóһ˵
ɫʮš
һԵ챦̺ս֮ǿֱǲ˼顣רƳƵ챦ܸӿԴﵽ£չֳ޾â
ã򻯼Ҫˡˡ
Ѫ¶һĨ⣬ԥĴӦ
һ̣καûʲôܹ򻯼ġƿƵ̡
УλеƽҲԸȫȥ֪λҪʲôԿڣֻҪеģԽн
ѪͬԸеƽϾһǶһϣһݱաõʱʲô⣬ŪùһǾͱһ־ˡȫֵá
Ҫͨطһɻȡֽ⵶
п˵
ڷֽ⵶ȻԸֻ֣Ҫܻȡ㹻Ϳԡ
ҪһģУԻȡƽ顣΢˵ѡҪĵرȻڸֱĵʼմڣһСĿƺҪʲôı
ҪһԵֵһյԽס
׿˵
ãͨɽ麣Хһʩչɻɽ麣ХݻһУء֪⡣Ѫ˵
ɣ
׵ͷ÷ֽ⵶ȡͨ
ۣʱԶסɵֵһιǳ顣ôѪ˵
ԣ
ͷ˵
ǡ֪ԸԸ⻻ȡѪ˵
޲ɡҲͷӦ
Ѫĵ̹ȻͬСɣ챦õĳĶģָ
ֵˣں«ıǺ«Լȡǳ֮۳ǵǵӳǿС
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ǰȻһֻ˸ǹĺ«Ǻ«棬ƺܿöǳת·ǱǣĪ⣬Ƿ˾̾
һ챦
Ȼ۳ǵĶⵤҩ鵤ûκʵĵҩʮɵͺñƿ۳ñȣͨƿ۳һ͵ֵĳ̶ֳ˵Ѿûа취Ʒ
ǵ˿ѷɫǰֱĳ̶ֳϣԵøӵ
Ͼǵ٣Ǿٵ̺ϼֵı
ܷ˵˵ǵ
۾һѯʵ
ȻǵżȤ
ǵã꣬Ԫľɿ꣬䣬úɿٻ꣬󣬱úϸֱǣһ꣬һǣǼǵ£ᷢãֻŻᷢЧǱңԽ仯ΪСǵֻзõһöԪ٣ãֻӵСһöСһֻܷһö
è˵
Ҳ֪ǵǺεȵܹ۳ǵǺ«ǶôĲ˼飬ƴᣬΪ֮ѪɺҲϧκ˵˲ŵǿ̡
ıĳ̶ֳϣû˭ǲҪġ
ܿУ龵ȵĿ⣬ýȻͬǵĿ޲ֱΪС
Ҫʲô
һ̣ͬˣʿ˵ֻǱ˵ȴǿô׻ʳ̱øۺܹʱڣĶǿߡﵽԪ񾳲ΣѾһζ޾ܿٳɳǵֲȱݡ
еĻۣǶطǵʱɡֱһֲ˼顣
ҲҪ
ҪǮǮԽԽãҡԽԽá
èԥ˵
ҪǮ챦ȻֻҪǮͿԾġҪʲô
Щ챦Ǯ޷ģ㹻ǮƣҲδܹȡƺЩŹ̫֡ˡ
龵¶֮ɫȻҪ˵Щ˼顣
èֻҪǮƲҪǡ֣вè
ֻèڵ˸ոֳһ֡
вèഫΪؼͷųȻϢϣݱı飬Ըֱżеĸ֪ΪռǮ͸䱦̲ŴĽǮı˭ץԻȡĽǮͱΪؼ֮һ֮һ
μ죬ûû˿Բ׽Σܹؼֽ˿ܵκӰ졣˵ؼ伫ΪĴڡܶѲ׽вèǱֶʵ̫ǿˡ˵Ĳƿͨǡ
ߵĲ˴
ǣвèһ壬ܶͨĽǮйأϵǮԽܷ࣬ӳսԽǿͨ͸졣
磬ͨǮܣ
һʩչֻҪϽǮԽ࣬ܵԽǿԽߣֻҪǮûкľǾǲ𡣴ܶ޷ƿǮܵķ
ͨǮܣ
ԽǮݱκһͨңķѵĽǮԽ࣬ͨԽǿĽǮ㹻Ӵһöܻء
ǬһǮݣǮͨȵͨȫǮҹ㸶٣жٵջвèһ壬ڽǮ׷ֹġ
ԭ壬ѹֶǮôִšȻҪҪĻǮƣǮ¹ǵһСаԳѾֻèΪʲôҪҪҡ
ҪǲҪǮǲĽء
Ǻ«ҪˡʮöңǺ͵ѽѡ
΢󿪿˵
ʮö𡣵Ȼ࣬콾޽еۣκһ챦ܴﵽ۸񣬶ˡʿȻļ۸񣬵ǰвèǮƶѣֻҪܹвè׳Ϊеʵ˿ͣһǮʲô
˭޷֪һֻвèлӵж챦
ʮڣɽ
вèֻ۾׷Ź⡣¶ǿҵ˷֮ɫ


1350 ħ
ʮڣ۸Ѿۣһ㣬ĶǺ«ȷʵ޼ֻ֮Ҫ۳ǵֻ²ô򵥣˭֪ؼ䲻ܴʮȫʮ顣̫һ覴ãЩ覴ãҪ˵ͻӰļֵ
ͺñȣƿҪȡ֮ƿҪѪ⾫ǣ۶ǼҪƵĽۣȻǲܵ顣
龵΢΢һΪչֱֳʸеֱ̾Ǻûѡһھʮڣǻôڣôۡȫûа취־
ԣȻԡǺ«ǵˡ
вèЦ۾

лּ䣬һööӲӵѾԴԴϵǰѻɽһÿһö˸Ž⣬˵۾ȫûа취Ųһһ롣̫ˣʮöҶѻǰĿãȫ޷ġ
𺳣ǳġ
ʵ̫˼ˡ
вèعӰȫѾˮˡֻ۾ȫҵͼǵصǰһﶼȻʧɫ
붼룬вèٵĽЩǶ磬ȫǺЩǮһͻʧΪС
Ǯвèȫ̡һ˷֮ɫ
𣬲֪УܷһһЩҡҿԴһпѯʵǮⶫ˭Լӵе̫ࡣοĶңˡ
޲ռݸࡣ
һ㣬龵Ҳʮֹע
ȻԣУƵĶһңֻҪõóӦ챦۵ĻȡңҪж١
ԥ˵
аЦЦֱнóһԭ֮һ
вȡмãûгɣǴӺӯȡ棬ȻҵĶһؼһ
ֻҪܹͨջԶҪࡣ
ЩȻһδνҲϵĳɢȥѾоԴԴϵ˴ؼ׻ʳڣҲǴ׻ʳʼղϱȲԭ
Уܸ𵽶ҴáΣ硣еıͣҵĴߡ
Ҫ鱨߽취
׿˵ܿħ֮ħ塣
ʲôħ壿ħ壬ؼļ֮һһɳʮֶġ龵Ů¶֮ɫƺħ˽⡣
ħ壬Ȥ
Ȥ˵
ħ˵˵һ壬ͬ壬пŮ԰ˣŮˣҲת䣬ֳٿʱ任ͬʱ֡ϲˣҲϲŮˣͬ壬һΪٶȣµʮѲɱ壬ûбɱ˲ָͬʱ壬һնɱ򣬸ɱħ塣
ƹ˵УħҲʮֵļɵеޱȵĶġ
ħ壬̫ˡɱ
µǣħͶ˫֮ңַţԱܣͨ˫ޣȡԷ񣬿ǿΪӵСΪ˫޶ħ˵Ǿڲ
ԣһ֣ʱڳɳؼǣħ廹ǻزɣʲô嶼˫ޣһ룬ǻ൱ͷƤ顣
䵽УǶǲɲ
ˬˬ
ҲһͷʹҲûмҲоʵ̫аˡ
˭а취ƽħ壬л
ٴ˵
ħĻѲľһ塣ĺģڵԴƻԴƽ⣬ʧ⡣мĿƽħ塣ֿԲҪס
п˵
ۣȻһʧĻʲôĺɵƻȽݻ١ȻҪƻƽ⣬죬ϾɣѾĽṹ֮䣬ܹϵת䣬ʼάƽ⡣
֮ڡ˵лƻƽ⡣ƽħ塣ȻַһЧ龵Ů˵
Ȼ˭û֤ʵȻܲЧδ֪ܹ֮ȷ
Ҽǵŵ伮йأħ屾־һֹ״̬׳ַѣһѣԻ
ƹ˵
ȻһַܲܳɹλáһжҪϳԲȷ
˭ԸóӦн
׼˵
оһ֮һԵıҲҪҪǮҡвè۾һӳצӣóһöīĹײĶʮֵˣ˲Ǻܴ̹ǡ
ϳ˹ɾ£ɣս岻ǿƥǳ۸𣬲֪۶١׿Уѯʵ
Ȼ֮ǰľٶѾ˻ر
ҳӮвèģȫңϣԵõǮǺöʵ̫Ҫˡء
ɣ£ŹֻҪԸ⣬۸ˡӰԺĽס΢󿪿˵
ֵֶǮҲֵǮ
һͲҪñܡӲҪֻһҡֻҪпܣܹȡ㹻档۸ˣҲ֪ʶǱģֵǲݷ񶨵ġǹ±˭֪£ǼֵȻһ
ãǾ򡣡
׵ͷǺ«ȫۣڹҪΪǵı֮
öңвèҲûоֱܾӾ͸׽ˡ̵Ľһսڡһֻצżöңǰᴵܵҷ
Ľڼš
챦ϳ֣ÿһóȥǶǧʿ׷
һ֮󣬶ǸջȻһ̬Ҳŷı䣬вԾѾһ˿ϿɣܹǻȡģȻǺõط˭ܾǰ
໥俪ʼϵرĽ
ľۻᣬһֻһΣң໥ļ˵ϵر⣬һӶԵļš
ЩѶϢ鱨˴˵ļţǼֵƵ鱨
ڶһпһ죬棬飬СС˹ǵ죬ƶңŹŹֵ޷׿Ҳ޷̤㵺죬˽ȥ˳ҿоޱŹ׭
ۿ˵


1351 
ĪǵϵഫǾ˹ȡһ;޴Եɽ£ôС˹
ƹ΢΢ü˵
˶¡صһ֣ô޷С˹ϵһ𣬲Ǿޱϵô¡
Ҳǰ˼⣬ϧû취ص죬ңǵڲƶģƮĹ޷̽顣ңҲֻһΣȥѰңѾҲˡҵĹ۲죬صпܳκһ򡣽λǰȥһ̽˵ҵƽ֮
˵
һ£˵ҲǱ˴˼ѶϢ
Ҳ֪ܶһЩ£ЩۻǾ
һޱȣд𰸡
׵ͷûж˵ʲô
ɽһΪ鱦ѹħеһֲħΪаΣа񣬿ؼаɳǿһ¶Ϳ̿Ϊʥ֮΢ƣΨܹѹһѣؽһѡ
ƹ˵
аΣ֣ȷʵѿƣһȡɳؽаħŰ䣬֮ɫ΢䣬˵
ô⣬Ҫƿӡܳ¶Ҫ꣬Բֻ壬Ǹ嶼޴вѪȷ硣Ҫס¾졣
аΣɽĪһλ
Ժпһͷ
ڴ֮£е磬వи壬ϲڰ壬ӵŸָĶڰҹУҹŮʣһŮڵʱԲ֮ڣڰ֣κιâ޷ڣеĹ߶աֲָһӡ
ڰϢƽʱŨٱֹԣ϶ΪҹʥŮ˵ϣӵͨ졣ɳȻһ콾
ħҲ˵һš
Уŵ磬ʿѾ飬粢䣬һƬͬ磬飬лľЩʺںڰĸǣЩںڰĻ£ܷӳʵǿ󣬸ӿֲ
ǵرʿ£һʵпʮֻܷӳ߰˳ɡǼһ磬ӵжϵ淨
ȻɸĲǿʳ
ҼһֿµĶ棬ֶܹڣȡڵѪ⾫ȡ֣һ᳹ԽǿĹֳԽӵĿ£ܼ̳ͨʤҪγʮѡ
ֳֹ棬ɳٶʮ־ˣңǿĸʴ֮ԼǿκżǿĹ򡣲ڸտʼӦòѶԸΨһµǣֶ涼ͨв̫һɢɵƻǿ
ٿ˵
ֵһֹŹ֡
һɳδȻҲһּвңֻж٣ȻԲֵֻһڡ˵ҲǶһ־ѣ˵ܲһİ
Ҳ
˼ֶƺӡеĳʮơǲǣҪڽĿúȷ
Ѱһص챦ΪԸ飬ûʲôֻ֮ǽǣһöһǡһһǵǡ˭ԸĻԻ㹻Ĵ۽й򡣡
ͻȻ˵
漴йâһһöѾǰ
Ͽֻһö飬棬ںȻԿֳһöɫǡء
ֻȴоκ⡣
ⶫֻһͨƷֵһһǳֻºܶʿ⡣ȴԸ顣
еֻһöһ飬ȱö
һʮص챦ңֹһףжף˭࣬ҲӦò١̫ܲռȫȫʵ
ڴ׻ʳڣûҵڶö֪ҪռȫǶôѵһ¡Уϵر﷢δûпռȫ
飿һö
ѪͻȻ˵ּ䣬ȻԿһöͬǰϸȥöϣȻöǡ
һö顣
Ҳһö֮ǰȥƺȡ
ƹҲóһöһö顣
ɣҲһöҵö顣
龵Ů˵ǰҲһö顣
飬֮ǰôʱǴģͷϣûӵ
Ҳ˵
һöҲˡ
Ͽ˵
ٲȻȻգۼ䣬УֱӴöֻʣû䡣
λڱãϣλѿԸҪʲôȻǿƴһҪף۸ңֻһѣ񣬲Ӱδһ㣬Ա֤
һ΢΢һ¡
Ҫ飬ٻԸܻȡĺôֱǲɹпܸıˣһתĻ
οҲ֪Ըļ޾ܴﵽʲô̶ȡ
ഫֻҪԸΧ֮ڣԵõʵ֡һ죬÷˳Ϊǿߡ˳ԪʵһԸп÷ɱ壬ʥ塣
ξȻֱҵöֱǲ˼顣
ò˵Եԡ
ഫ֮ڤڤ֮һ᲻֪лۣվ롣һԵõô࣬ҲԵʻᡣܳеģȻһ֮
ҲãⶫҲһѣƽʱҲòϣȻҪǾֱӳ۾ͺã׺ˡ
п˵
ȻȷʵҪûʲô۶ľٶȱʾԸ֡һԻȡһǮƣһ飬νһáȻǴĺ̡
飬챦ǼۣǼԽ࣬ƷҲԽߣֵߣֻǣУǺôװƷ˵󣬼ȻˣһҳһǧöңÿһǣһǧҲ˵飬ǧöҡԸ⣬һ֣ҶԸ¡
кԥ˵
ǧǣ˵ľ
ԲһԵƷҲֹһףռȫˣԺԼռȫԵһֳõȥӪ㹻ջǾľȥռ


1352 Ļ
ȻԸ⣡кԥ˵
öҲԳۡ龵Ůͷ˵
ԣ
ƹҲͷ˵ܴܲйһЩơУǮ˵ȻǺ߸ҪֱжٶҪӵС
Ҳû
Ȼֻǵһι˭ɵӣѾܵףУڽֻ·ͬСɣ˴ķΧڣܹϵرʿһã˵챦һЩ鱨һЩϢǶ޼֮ؼʱ̣ܹ
飬鱨챦Ҫ
ʿнɣһĪĺ¡ʱͬ۵ǿԴ
һöԼòϵĶܹȡһݺӡȫֵõġ
οֲǲǮһǧۣ˭ܲĶռ룬ܹȡǮƣȻòȫһٶá
ʱǧǧǧġһѶңֱϹ˵۾׷׵һʱ϶¶һЦݡ
Ǻö
вèֱǿˮҪ޲ֱռΪС
ö䵽еС
ϧһö顣λǰҵ飬ǱɲǮƣжն١пǰöԸ飬˵
Ψһľһö顣Ҳռġ
һȣҲһö
ʱвèͻȻ˵ǰâһȻԿһö鶼ҪԸǰ棬һöö˸ɢĹâ
һߣ顣
е˵㣬ȵ˵
Ȼȱٵö顣
ˣԸﾹȻռȫˡ
ֱǲ˼顣
ãлѳȫһöǧöҡ
¶Цݡ
Ѿ׼ΪҲռԸ顣û뵽вèľϲȻвèӵеĵرֱԹֻҪǲ˵˭²ⲻ޷вèѶϢ
أ䡣
ɽ
вèЦ۾ʮָˡ
Ǯ
һöÿܻôң˵ȫֵõġٻ㲻лԺһҪЩƯĲӣЩɶǮ
龹Ȼˡ
жû뵽ⲻʶһξٶȻԽ鳹׾룬ֱһ֮ϲȫԤ֮⡣ҲζţֻҪȥ󣬾ͿԳԽԸԸ׿ʲô̶ȡԺ
һ̣νǽԴϲ
вèȵõһʵңлȡ飬ԽңҵӰһɢ˷дܹΪ״ԴԴϵˡɢȥǮƣջˡ̣ԡ
˵һЩȤţҲ˿˵һЩϣڽһھۻʱܹæѼʱ򣬿ֱӽס
˵ᣬ˵һϵرľۻᣬ໥֮Ľ׻ᣬʽءͨ޲ؼġ
ͺñڵ飬ҪҪռȫ֪ҪķѶʱ䣬ֻǧ궼пܡһ¾ȫˡֱǷ
ʱп˵λѣμ͵Ϊֹٴμʱʱǰ󲻻ᳬһ¡ңʱӦûµĵǰУֻΪͨޣԹȻҪʲôԹҪǾȫƾԼʵ˭Ҳ޷档ﲻ漰ֻǽ׽
еʳ׽жԡ
ǿˣвʲôԹ
´ټ
龵ŮҲͷһȻҲܽܡ
δҶջ񣬿˵顣
գۼ䣬ʮͬʱʧʣµģֻʮűյģƺڵȴ˵Ļع顣
öõйȻûдǴСľϲСǴϲпǰ飬аԻȣҲȲ׼ǰȥٻˡ

һƬ֣һֻèƾճ֡
Ĵһ£Լֵĵط֮ǰʧʱͬһλãһı䶼ûССĴܣûʲôóһѽӲӵңڿҧһ£ʸУǽһ̡ᴵһ۾Ц
漴ͽʧ
ҪȥѼ챦һһʴա
Ҫң塣ԽԽãơ

ںԨУѪƾճֻ֣ǣϵȻ뵽УҲûոıľ棬ܱߵĽƣʼնǴڵġ
ھЩƽܲնϷӡ
Ѫ¶ϣĿ⡣
йâһǿ򻯼Ѿǰ漴򻯼շ𣬳ϵټ˹ȥ

꣡
һУȻԿһϵıϡǻ棬ʮֵĸɾ䣬һͶϣ򻯼ķâɵֵκηĽƣȫƣ׾ٵıϡգۼ䣬һȫϡϵҲ˲Ϣɢ
򻯼һԵ챦һʼʹãֻܳһӣһӺ򻯼ͻбΪУԣʱУ뽫ϵȫϣܵĽƣܵƻ⺣׳
ӡȻǿ󣬿򻯼ȷʵʱ󲿷ַӡѾƿһ޴ѪӺֱӳ˳£ɢһֿµаеŭ𼸺޷
ڳˣѪЩαƵϼһûꡣҪңҵ󱲵̫㽫췭ظѪֵд
Ѫ¶ݣһЦ
һ죬Ѿ̫ˡ
еϵһܶϣ´ξҲһҪȥóһʱ䣬ռһЩʱԴա
ѪѾᵽе棬ûôһζ׷֡
ץסҪץס

ھɽϣ龵Ůƾճ֣һöң¶Цݣ˼˼ԺӲ̫ˡܲμĻҲ㲻
УȻҲʮӡ
ģߣʮ⣬ΪǶеõʵʵڵĺôǿüš˭ɵӣȻֻȡԴĻᡣ
У´ӦûҪһЩı䡣磬ĳһص̵ģʽһЩ׻ʳزĻһͨĽݾ
жڱϣԳ
оо޴Ŀԣ˵һУ־תηչ׳ҲҪȥϸľӪ


1353 ٻ
ˣѾˣÿʼٻˡ
Цſǰ飬תҲʧ
漴ͳڻʹС
£ˣͻʺһ𡣡
һͿ˵
ˡ
¶ĵЦݡ
飬ȻѾ֪һιʱʹһ𷵻ػʹǼ档ĹȻûʲôɶ˵ġ϶ʱѾݵλζֻһŮˡ
Щ󹬼ǧԺʮķʵȣѾŮɫϲû̫׷ˡο׼ӥϵ鲢ûǡԹӣҲʲôദˣ󣬴һûþͱ޻̸ĺýá
ĲĽ󣬺ֻصӥ׼е齻ƺٻ
ʱӦǽѾĲˡ
ڻʹУͬɽȨ
ȻҲģʵֻһͶѡһֶѣǳ飬ڻʹڣ˭ǽ￴һ֮ǰѾڻʹѡһȡΪ蹬
ȥʺλŰһǰʺš
Ц˵
ǣ¡
ԥĴӦ
󣬲ݵǰ
ʺţ
ЦſŮ֪λ׼Щʲôߣһȥ˵ǷҪǰȥ棬羰
ʺſֱͨ׽֮ڣ׵ִκεطеĻٷ㲻
ƳǿɲޡǴڴϿա
׻ʳ߳ޣɢĺƳǲƮںеʱ䷴ƳǺӰ죬ÿ춼даգרվڱԵۿܱߵĺÿ춼ԵȻͬķ羰˵ȥͬһȤ¡
ʱľɳɳеİգǿԽĹۿ׻ʳʳǵϡеǿңڴ׵Ĺиǿ
˿̾ھߵĺϿա
ĺ棬һ̲ʣƺкĸںϻصǰ
վڲʺϣԵص
ʱŮѾʺϡվϵУ΢ЦʩνǰĪǴǰȥʲôط档
ȥߵһ󣬾˵ϵķ羰ѣǲ֮ءЦ˵
ǣνǹǣûʲôرҪʵֵԸֻҪһΧڣԸ˵ʵ֡
Ц˵
ѣʱȥʵԸĻɲ࣬˵⻹ؼĵһΡ
ԸԸ˭ԸѵǷ𡣡
Сٻѯʵ
ʣʣҪԸҪԸ
ɻ۾ȸԾĺ
ʱ䣬ѾһСŮû𡣳ʱ°꣬ٽڣʮ꣬Ѿǽ꣬䱾ʾͷǷɳҪĸӦоУڲ߰СŮûò·Ƿ۵Ʒ
Եϲ˿̸¶һֽ̬֮
ʱŮ³ģҲѡĶŮ͸С
ҵıŮҪʲôԸ
ЦŶɻѯʵü䣬¶һ˿硣
ϣն̫ƽҪܿѣɱɻ̧Сһ˵

Ҳ΢΢㶣û뵽ôС˵ĻҲµõӦǲ˵ʱˣһֱĵס
Ըʵֲˣؼ䣬Ҳû˭ܹʵ֣٣ʵֲˡңҲΪԸʵԸǼֱǲ˼顣ж磬Ĵ׻ʳڴ׾ڣԸЩʵ֡
Ǹúӣģһ죬ʻһ𣬴ŸջȥңҪĺܺãõ˯ҲѲõÿӵֻҪһֱŬһ죬綼ᵽĳ˵
ҲԸ
ڴһ졣٣ڴ׻ʳͳϽĽڣЩʵ֡
ġ
ɻͷ˵
ҼԸ飬ٻԸԶԸµԸֻҪΧ֮ڣõʵ֡νһҪûرҪʵֵԸУԸĻͿǡ
Ц˵
ּ䣬öγǰ˸һѤĽ⣬ʮֵҫۣȫЩ֮Է·𱻼ûԾ뵥ʱȫͬ
飬Ƿǰ˵Ը顣ԸôʵʲôԸ
һ̣Ҳɺѯʵ
ǿûʲôԸ֮ǰٻ˵
еͷ˵
ǰһָһϺȣԸ飬ٻ
ˢˢˢ
ö˲һγһصķ󷨣漴һ貵Ľ⣬ؼ޾Ը֮޴ǣͬʱһŨĴϢٽ١
Ը
Ƿڽ١
գۼ䣬Ը֮ȻΪһ޴ޱȵĽһצ֮䣬޴գգҫķǼʮɼκһۣǾ޴Ϣ
ÿһ壬ɢ޾ϣһطѹǸо·ﶼΪġ
ʲôľצеĻߡôô󡣡
ܰеĽû˵
ÿµϢѹֻҪһܽѹǡֵλãڴ׻ʳʳǣƳǵϿաѵǴ׻ʳŪġ
Ǻ¥һЩ˵Ļɡ
Ըĳ֣˲ܱ߽ڣǿߣͬʱ˹ǺеҲ嫺˹ȥĿжǿҵءָоͬλߣη
Ը¾޴ͷ­վڲʺϵеˣ˵ٻôȻȴϣ쳹Ƭ
Ȼ

пڵͷ˵
Ըǰȫܸܵһɲѹѹֻ֪ҪԸ⣬ԸȫԽǿĨɱ
ĿɨŮ׵ͷ˵˵ǵԸֻҪڱΧ֮ڣκԸʵ֡ӵоƸӵǧŮԻȡ챦ڣ˵ǵԸ


1354 Ե
ԸĸԭǰʵԸʵԸľֻֻʵʵֵԸԸܳΧ֮⡣磬ҪسʥȻܣҪϣĿʵ֣δȱĳ
ѼûʲôԸҪʵ֣УھõĻᡣ
ٴοŮ´лԸ֪Ҫʲôʱ
ˣԸɷɡԸǵԸŮ໥һۺ󣬿˵ȻҲһЩԸҪʵֵġֻЩԸûжõԸĵزҪԸδЩ̫˷ˡ
Ǳ͹䣬֪λѵãԸ˷ѡ
ǺãҾҪʲôԸء
Ժпһͷ
Ըÿ˶С
֮ԸΪԼڶʱ޷ʵֵĿ꣬ڴԴɡ
ҪʲôҪĸСÿƽصߣԸȷԸԸӦòʵ֡ǺɡֻҪʩչŲֶΣܳǰ
ҪףóܸĥʹࡣҪ
ЩδؾһǺá
Уŵʦų㣬Ϊ˳οе̵ġõŵĴУھǻص׻ʳõĻԵδܱȵšĸͬŻԵõʱȻ
ֻصڣϸĸ챦Ҫȥ£ټġڤ칦صףδػҪӺʡܼ꣬Ĳʺ硣
룬¹ظ˵ԸûмУֻҪʱƣ綼ʵ֣ҪδЩ̫˷ѡ
˵ǵԸٲ˵Ҫ뿪ˡ
Ը˵
ȻٻҲƵģһʱڲԸǾ͵ԼԸĻᡣֱȥ
ԸϣӡʱܹӡΧӡ龳ǿߡӡ֮£龳óء
΢оһȻ˵
˵еԸ
ӡ෽˽⣬ѾȷһʿΪǿߣӡȫ汻ƣҲ˵ЩǿߵƣҲûСʱ򣬱ؽڰʱ̡һЩħؼѪɺӡ޹⡣
ǽһ顣
Ҳ֪׻ʳ֧ܲŹȥ
ΪʲôΪֹûджʣҲڵȴӡʧʱչ¶âʱ̡£־ֻ¾ͻᱻƣһͻƵ񾳣ӡͻȫ
壬ڸţ嶼ڻ׼ӭһĻ
Ȼ־棬˵ҲǴΪġͬԴҲûʲô̫ĺô׻ʳڶȻǿ󣬿һЩϼһȫð˲ͻΪײϣһ˳ۣͻᱻ־棬һֱΪǵġ
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龳ںܶУǾɡ񡣾и컻ص
һˣ׻ʳӮøķչʱ䣬ǵʱƿӡǿ߳Ҳܹӵиĳ룬ǿ߲СӵĻ
ʱ򣬾Ͳ˭ڲ׻ʳĵز
ȻǰǣԸһ㣬һжǿջ
ʲô¾ȻԸ
ʴȣһӡԼӹ̣Ǵ׻ʳգͿӵиӳĳɳռ䣬ٶѡ
ڶʿֻҪŬδػЩǿѷɫ壬ؽ
һ£ԸĶԻȻȻĳ˷ɢȥڴ׾ڣĿ
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嫺Уǿɫһ䣬ҪˣζʲôζļƻǳĴƱϡǾԲġ
ֻԸǰûκʸ
ˣֻš
ӡ춨ԸԸֲӡ֮Ͽɣӡ龳ֻӡ龳Լ֮ϵǿߣţŸɳ龳֮ʿֱʿͻ龳ӡȻ𡣲֪Ը⡣
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ڤڤǿѾõӦ
ӡٴμǿѾ龳
Ҳ˵ӡʱ䣬ֱˡңпʮ꣬ʮ꣬˵Ǽʱ䡣ӦʱǿϲȻ䡣һðŭ
ˡ
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嫺գһ³һ
ľѳۣѾûа취ٸıʵ˵ȣû취Уɲô׾ɱġһɱ󻼿ɲСԲ
һ֣̣
̫ˣȡɡ
¶ЦݣȷʵȡɣޱԸǿӡӡʹڣֻǣԭƲǿڵõԸӳ֣Ҳ˳ƶΪı䡣־ӰתޱԸĳ£Ǵơ


1355 쳾

Ҳ˳ˮۣ˳ƶΪ
εԸĸһѣһ㣬Ҳּɡңӡʹڣμӹ̣ķѵԶԶûеôࡣ
򣬾ƾԸҲδܹ
Ҫķѵ̫ˡҲܿԸ̫ˣѹ֣ܹسɡΪǿߵ
Ϊֲ˼飬ΪΪġ
ˢ
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ѣԼǻġ
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˵
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ǰǵˣǵˡûʲôԵе˵˾Ǳˮڶѡ
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ں쳾¯˵쳾ϵĺġܹȡԸ۳쳾һ쳾һ쳾˿Ȼ쳾˿ֹһ쳾ǿԲɣ˿ɱ䣬ϱǿ


1356 ɼ
ˢˢˢ
ں쳾¯ֵͬʱԸѾ¯УͬʱаҲԥĽ֮ע쳾С¯Сһʱ䣬Կ쳾¯к˸תĵϲ֡
ʱһʺӺ쳾¯зɳɢܿƺ̺̬ܿܿϲŭ֣쳾󣬶Ŀճĵϡ
ˢ
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ƾճһ˿֮УôȻȻȥ߾ͺǴһѸٱںһʱ䣬Ǹ˿ֱɢںڵ⣬һۿȥǸ˿·ǿ񶼳ȥۿ쳾
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ǣԴ۶ϣӰ췢˿³̱ãԺκɡ
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ٶ࣬Ҳ޷ͷķ˿ȫɺ쳾˿ҪԼյĽУҪ˶ãԽз˿Ϊ쳾˿
쳾˿еһŵơ׼䣬©
аԳ
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ؼǣ쳾˿ԻΪɺ쳾γ򣬺쳾֮Уһﵽ£˲쳾죬½ʱ䣬û˭ֵܵ׵ķâ

֪УѾת˭֪һ˫Уֶһöϣһ㣬֪ܡԲܸߵڶ֪
̧ۿеĹסϸ֦ϸһ˿ȡò˵еļڴʵƷ
¶꣬ʱ࣬ңɢ㡣Ŀ԰ΡĿеƷ
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һҲֻߺڱû˵

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Ҫںϸŵ㣬ڴ׻ʳһ޶սסѷɫκһսס


1357 ´½
ŷɼ׵صڿԽ֮ɷӳǿս˵ǿܹŷɼףͨʿֱӵܵʵеǣŷɼӵжصġǣӵ㹻ǿ󷨡
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µ½أǶԴ׻ʳҪ飬ƽлʮҵûб٣ҪĽҪɳǡ
µ½أǾµĻ
Դ֮ǻ۵ײııĽ档δ֡ÿһν棬Ƕһһγɳ
׵Ľʿˣ׵ĳˡʿгɳɱ䡣
µ½زûбϿɵ֣Ƭ½أԱѩΪʮ쳣¶Ⱥ䣬һ֮УоŸǱѩǡ½ϣһѩɽˣʿ޷죬̽ǰ̽飬ֻʵǵ;УͻͻȻֵĺ⣬ΪҲûѹ
ͯʿ˵
Ƭ½غܶأνһ൱˵£ֻ»ѡ˭ܳܵġ


1358 ѩ
Ƭ½ϣɽˮ֣и壬壬Ÿݣδػ½ѷɫңĻģһѾʼӦ滷Ϣ׳ȺκԼ˵Ļ£᱾ܵı䣬ȥӦ
κնĻ£ֻҪ壬Ƕʮ׺壬ӵǿս츳ԲСӡ
ĻУӵʱơ
ڻʷϣԭó䣬ԭȻشﲩÿڲԭʱǱ඼ȥȻ󣬴ֹڲԭ֮⣬ΪʲôΪڲԭϣһƽʺսңһڲԭ·ֻš޷׽
ɱԭĴָ
ΪʲôΪľǲӦԭĻ
ڵ½Ҳ⣬ּ˻壬Ȼս׺
̽鱨֪Ƭ½ϣΪ壬ǵ·һ㣬ֳ̬Ѫܾǿһͨмǿķͺܸߣձ鶼׸ߡڱѩ֮ƿأȫ壬Ѫе츳
ͯʿٿ˵
˽⵽Ƭ½Ϊǿǿ壬ĻУȻơռʱ
ǣķܷʽ
ͯ˵ʱ¶һ˿ءúǳء
ܷʽĪʲô֮пѯʵ
ȻǷֶ죬ҲΪ棬ؼ䣬ܷʽҲǧٹ֡
ַܷʽһΪ己ܣһΪĽϷܡǰһ֣޷ŮԽУֻҪһڣͿԽ己ܡ
ͯʻ˵
Ϊ己ܣʾ
³ʦѯʵ
ԷԼ壬磬һֻƣһֻţһѪ⡣ڷѵĲУעһصԣȻȻݱȫµ꣬ΪµıˡֻѵĻҪķǱ֮Ѫ⡣һһԲֻ̫࣬һ֣Ȼ»ָ壬ǵ壬Զ֫ѵ꣬Բ޸
ͯʼ˵
һ˵ߵףǳꡣʱѡĲ֣ΧжıСҲӰ졣
磬һָѺγɵµı壬ĴСҲȭͷСҪɳȻҪķһʱ䣬һɳ״Сճꡣ
ңڱѩ֮أ˪ܹٳɳһҪֻ꣬Ҫܺ㹻ǿ棬̶һʱܳףꡣֳɳڣν൱ˡ۳ꡣĽ֡
Ҳ˵ֻҪԸ⣬һ壬һԾͿԷѳʮʮµˣ࣬ӵܵķ˿֪
һ㣬뵽³ʦҲõ
ڱѩ£ӵ˷ܷʽս׵£Ҫǿѡ
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ͯʼ˵Ƭ½ϣ쾧ͥΪ壬ūۡȻҲиͥԿǿ٣Ƭ½أûб峹ͳΡĳ̶ֳϣͥͳֶλǼΪԭʼͥ˶١
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ͷ漴һѾʧ
Ϊ֮ǰ־ˡ
󣬻ʹУһ̿뿪˹ǰλسĸۡСƳǣǾסڵƽ磬ﶼǳسĸۡй֮סܾסǾһҡǸԣƽ磬ֱ֮Ϊƽ硣
ƽƣѫ´ҡ
֮⣬ڶǾս硣
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Ĳƽ磬һ˸޷롣
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ڵ֮£ǾһֲΡ
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ͯҲûжֱӾͽ´½˵һ顣Уѻȸ˭ûп˵ͯ˵ꡣ
ܿڴУȺĿԽԽǾеཫ죬ѾԷŹˣ¶˷֮ɫһǿҵս⡣
ˣλ´½ĿΡ⣬Ƭ½ϣһ˳ǲ֪һսҪԵĵ˽ж١壬һ꣬ľսʿ
п˵
ȷǣľʵ״ﵽʲôΡ
£֪֪˷ܰսƬ½صľΣ쾧ͥʲô򵥵˽⣬óȻսЩǷסϾһ˳ս˽ǣҳһУһս֮Уռλ
ҡҡȣ˵
κһ죬С͵½ҲͰˣһ˳СĶΪ
ǵıǻʲôģʱ
΢Ըǰ´½̽쾧ͥʵңţƬ½ϣ岻ȫһûС
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һƬ޵½أֻҪܴ׽֮ڣһĹ͡гκγһּǿ
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ǾɾʦһˣеĻȥңǰӦÿ԰ʦ
׵ͷ˵
档ڼǰǡѡ
ǣ¡
ڼЦŴӦ
Ƭ½أΪѩޡٴ˵


1359 ټŮ
Ƭ½صڲڴ׵ͳ֮ڣȽƬ½ֱ˵ΣƬ½أΪ׻ʳһ֡һ֮أܸ״̫ĸı䡣ԴĵرˣǲòĶ
Ϊѩ޵ͬʱѾȷѩޣؽڴ׻ʳ֮ڡ
΢Դ˻;ʦǰѩޣ̽
ǰ˵дһ˿ᶨ

еͷ漴˵׼ʱнʿʱս׼
·ģҾʿʱ׼šҵȽͬʱ˵
ܺãȥɡ淢ѩޣʱǳ̽½أֻҪӦԣһпɱ¡ҪҴ׻ʳĽÿ
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ֵĵ죬µ٣һɳǿʼķܱߺ뽮֮ڣһ㣬û˱и
ÿһ置ڣɽͼͻȻȻţһɹԴԴϵڣʱ䣬Ŵ׽ţˣˣΪ֮ԴԴϵĴͼϴڵ֮ĸվԣС
ǵۻ֮֮
Ȼĵۻ˭ӵнɽͼͼǵ̡
ڵĵѾϼ𿴶ɹڶûжãʵμȥҲҪ˶þͻή١ȻûпѹƵ¡
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ӡѾٴμӹ̣ٺͻƽٶ̫죬÷ӡ⣬ȫԸֱļӿΪ硣ͻƵ񾳣ʱӵеǿ
˷׷ȥ

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ܱߣܿһŵ档
뺮ڲϵײ˴֮ǽֲ¡˭޷ѹ˭ҲƬصıܣûչ¶ȫ
гںǰű֮ǻƵĹ¶һĨȻ˵ѩŮãӭһô
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ǱѩŮ
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еȻһЦ
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ͬʱּ䣬ѾյĹ֮򿪡
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ѩŮ˽һĨɫһߵͲ֣⺮Ǳĵ̡
Ȼô˵ɲûκεľٶ
ѣƺõ²裬һ裬Ϊ衣ʱбڣĪ⡣ڸˬɿڣƷһ
еһűǰóһײߣƾ۳һˮУȻһŻȻĳڲ£ҶԹԵĿʼ衣
һһ˵
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ѣ룡
гűѩŮʾ
ѩŮҲûоܾ豭ڴߣһ룬漴۾һſڼ佫еĲˮȫȥ΢΢ۣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ã̾Ϣò裡
֮УȻʿҲΪ֮̾Ķ֮һγһȫµĴ
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һ㣬ѩŮûзԡ
Ȼһݣȴޱȵ貣κδܶ޷Ĩɱġ̫̫Ķǿʿ޷ġ
裬ƣ黭
ЩǷ˵ǻۣȴܵʿ׷ΪЩ̺Ŵ̺ǻۣ̺Ǳ׷ĵ
ˣ׻ʣӦòֻΪ뱾һɣʲô£ֱ˵ɡѩŮСֱ˵
ʿ˵ЩȫûбҪĨǡֱ˵ӵֱ˵ĸá
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л뷷
ʵǷ档Ⱥ顣Ⱥˣ飬ԸȺȺִ󡣵ɽļ任
ֻҪܱ뷷⣬֮·ʿȻԻȡԸȡԸ߷֮·Ըǿڷƿκʿ˵Ҫ
ԱѩŮҲ⡣
пûǱѩŮѹʱһҪҪȫŷΪԸ
ܷǱʧȥɡoڱﶪ
ѩŮһУ˵
oԷ顣һ˳뷷⣬涼ᶪһɶеĽ
οһ뷷⣬Ҳζʧȥɡ
ҪġȻҲûɡȴʧȥеĽҪõĶࡣ
Ҵ׻ʳǴ˳˳ĳ̶ֳϣֻҪߵһΣҴ׵ݵλȼ硣Ҵ׵뷷⣬Ƕ⽫һλᡣҴʮڰգÿջ۶ԸԴԴϣֻҪ뷷⣬Ϳ޾ԸڵѲƿطŵơֶΪ
л˵
oԭǴ׻ʳݣ˳Ǵ˳


1360 ˵ 
˳ҪѹoǼֱǲܵ顣Ľǲ׵ͷǱѹǧ꣬ҲˡѪеĽ
ҪסǷݽ
˳ȴδء
˳˳֮֮ӣݵλ
ң˳ǱǰδУبûгֹ˭޷Ԥϵ˳ܲʲôı仯ﵽʲôĸ߶ȡ
δ֪޵Ŀܡ
׻ʳǴ˳
ѩŮҲ¶һ˿֮ɫȻ֪
ʱȻǼֻ˵ûйעһ㣬Ͼ˳˳֮䣬˭ʲôͬڣжûиоʲô̫𣬸ǻʳǻʳ
Ǵ˳
ƶ˵
ôܣû˵˳ѩŮЩš
˳˳û̫𣬶֮£СֻһǱѣҪɳĵزҪϵıǿ׳˳ܼףǾҴ׳Ϊ˳Ҫʯ֮һ
м˵

ѩŮĬˡ
֮ǰܾΪ˳ǳĻԼеǵؿǴ˳ĻĿʼؼǣﱻнȥãԼδܵ޴Ӱ졣Ǳᱻɱֲʧ
Ҵڶ淢һƬµ½أƬ½Ϊѩޣ½ϣ󲿷򶼴ڱѩ֮УǵԸĻ뷷⣬ѡѩޣҲѩϡ
м˵
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ѩŮ΢󣬿ѯʵ
ʱЦˣУѾԸоѾʼɶЧǾǺ£ȻֵøˡǺõĿʼ
ڴ֮УǱѩ֮λһƷλһƷλȡԸ
кԥ˵
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ڷ뷷飬ƷϣԲ̫ߣһƷѾǶ⡣뷷λĵǴ׻ʳˣҪԴԴϵԸһλ̫ߣ̫࣬ڴ׾һ־޴ġ
ڹŴУܶǺ޽Ƶ뷷飬ȴ֪ĵˣԽ࣬ѹԽգпĹ𣬴ڵʱ̡
ҲǺܶڸаʹһ֣ǲǿлɽݻа֮Ը֮
뷷Ʒ֣֮ÿһƷÿ죬ÿһȡԸй涨ģȡԸģûʵģͺñȡ⹩Ը˳뷷ӵеĺô
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ûг˼̫ã䣬ѾͷãʴӦ
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ÿµĹӴһ֪֡Ƕôľˡoһ࣬һӴ֡

ʱ»صʹ
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һӰ֪ʱѾա
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ѩŮصı仯ԸоУӵεļأǷɭϡ
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Ըȫ
뷷⣬ѩŮһȻȻķУΪһ֮СܴԸ


1361 ѩѩ
ǡ˼ҶطٶȾȻ֮졣˳Ȼ˳ȻܻȡĺôȷʵԶˣõԸǾǹ׻ʳкβɡ
ѩŮѾоһӴ˴˼ڷĸƿأۿɼٶȱһ¾һڡ
ʮ
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һһӡʮΪ
ɴ˿Ԥ׻ʳеĹԱΪͻͽֲ࣬ʶû취ֲģԽǵ棬Խˡ
ȻʺҪڴﵽһκ󣬾ҪѾüΪѡʣɵĿԽֽޡ
ʲǾԡ
֮Уδز߳һ·һͨ죬һԳΪǿߡֵ·ʵͣڲϵĿ֮£ܻлر
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һëѩƳΪģԴԴϵ˷ɢƬ̼䣬Ѿ׽еСѩͻȻûһ˿׼
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ģҲо֮ǰɱʱµ˿ڣȻˡѩ
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ǽͨǱɣ𿴺Ʊ鲣һʵ򣬼ޱȣңʮֹ⻬ҪӳǽʵǣֱӾ㻬ȥѳɹ
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ߣȻվһߵŮӣϴɫĳۣһˮȣڷȶˣһöεıǱ·һѤıߣ۹ŮӿǷ̴棬һֳĶϸһɫʡ
Ȼ쾧ͥе쾧д˾ֱ֮Ϊ֮˾˾˵ݵλʣ쾧ͥĴڡ
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ٶ̫죬һţȫûа취׽еѶϢ
֮ǰռ֮ռ쾧ͥҪһѡһֵֻ»мҹΣաͻȻ齵٣ֻ²ʲô¡
˾˵
֮ǰΪռĽУĿǵ⽵٣еԽӵŨҡǲʲôͷ˵ѵĸԴ
һͳƬ½أ쾧ͥͥʲôҲˣҪ赲Ǿ䡣񣬲е·һֶѣǱ˵ˡ
쾧¶һ˿֮ɫȻ˵
˲ŻΪǲսʤģʥµġ
ڸǿУʿûֻһ޷ѣС飬ʱɱηУڡ
Ƭ½ѾԱΪ𣬿˳˵ĺô쾧ѾȲҪռƬ½أΪʡȡˡ
ֱǿĸо
½ϣѾǱռ죬ʣµǼѲĶӡ˭öԸ˾΢΢ü˵ȣĿһʵǿ󣬰ɲǡԨıħҲǣֻ֪ɱ¾Ĺ֡űһգµ󷨣ҪƣҲô׵¡ֵĻǱ棬ʬӵеʬ̫ԵһȾʬʬūԽԽࡣҪѹȥѡ


ʮ߾ Ծ


1362 
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쾧ޱŵ˵
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ĸÿһѿеӲͷ
ټɢڻҰе岿䣬Ҫ볹ͳһ½أһɵ顣
齵٣б䣬ٵȵȡһЩ⡣ֻҪٷչ꣬ǱķȫԽ½غƹȥ
˾΢˵
己ܵһ˿־ڲʮ꣬Ƭ½ϵı˿ڣңʮȥѾʮڵĿֲ֪֡Ƕôµķ
ٸǼʱ䣬Ƿܳı˿ڣֻ²ϰڣڡôӴ˿ټϱһ꣬ǿսʿÿһϾʿѷɫǿ
ǿӴ˿ǰᱻû
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жˣռݶĵ̡
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ʱ䣬ѾУõʱӡٴμǿҲζţЩϹһȫ̫ˡҪϹˣͲʲôϵơһͨǧҲ¡
һ֮䣬أҲδزܡ
ĻҪţϼѡ
Ȼ֪˭ӡõǿɴһ˷ܡЩϹﲻǷչ׳Ļᡣ
ʵϣУ΢ĩСм׻ʳҪٵľ棬ͬСҪٵġ
һЩܳʣڸĳʮ־޴ġʱпܸ𣬴þ棬ֱӻһ
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˵쾧Ĵ㣬ȴ˵޾УһڴؿռС
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Ȼϡϸۣܵ飬һۿȥ鲼ȫ浽״Ŷ٣ɸߡ
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һ챦ıԶطȻʬУÿһǱɳϣÿһñøǿ󡣶ңʬе꣬УΪһ֡
ڵʱѾΪܹѹˡңУĴǿߣС
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ǵļƻҪ˼̫࣬ı֪ΣξҪˣֻл㹻Ӵˣ
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ںĿռУһգۼ䣬Щʧ·Уʧˡ
嫺

ͻȻ䣬ˮеһƾշ
ǡӡ
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ӿɲ򵥣ӣңֹһڣÿһڽʱͱȻҪӵеһҲͳ崫Ѷõһ
⳱ٶʮ־ˣһ죬ԴݳѶϢӽյԣһǲܱģһãȻд·
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һѶţܹӵУе嶼ͬʱӵ
ʵҲˣڸУӽϵһ¶أ¶˷֮ɫ
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һǿΪӡ仯ԭ׼õļƻֻҲҪǳˣû뵽ɻᰴռƻС


1363 
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պȻԿһƾ֣ۣתۼ䣬ֳһϵšϣɢǿѹƺܿڰ裬һ֣ȻȻĳ˷ɢǿҵѹ糱ˮϯķ
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һ̣ɢӰ쵽ʿǿ߲׷̧ۿšһ̣嫺ڣʲôطĿеľ޴š
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ҪͱҪԽţԽţɱɳĻᣬž컯̺İء㣬ഫ̺֮ѪֻҪԽţܵõϴѪѣΪ֡ĳ̶ֳϣѾǻȴ
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Ȼ֣ǾͿ϶һֱʡ
Ϊ֮ףͳۼһ壬ףؿţ˴ţֻ֣κ֮࣬ԿǰԽţԭΣԿӵѪΪ֡лԵɱΪ¾ţԾţ
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Ϊ壬˵κξܾ뷨
𶯡һӿֳһӡǿоӵһķչʱ䣬ȫδʮУչ׳һ̶ȣǽƿӡɿռһơܵĳٵ͡
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˿̣ڻʹ⣬ƳѾŻʹ˹ǵȻô£ȻҪúõһ顣


1364 ıɵ
Ƴ壬˽ϵĵִ﹬⣬໥һۣҲ˴еأԸıشƵһ¼ԴײôӰ죬ڶԣû˭ܹ˵ȫ޷֣شƣǾһ죬һƬ⡣
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򿪹ţ۵Ⱥ˵
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1365 ͫ|
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ѭӦˬҲŸոӡǿ͸ҵͷһһ¶һ˿ɬ漴
һλŮŮˣʲô£ΨһľǱ˱ȶϵѡ

֪ȥãһڶ
̧ۿȥȻԿѾߡ
֮ǰѾ֪ˡǶصӺɷ򣬲Ҳ֪Խнɷӱʮ겻
˵ŮǱȢֻȢŮڽ֮תء
ûκӻԸԼɷɸŮˣһԡһ̣ȴѡ
ģа취ġ
ȻʧЦ黹ҪȰʵ̫ӦˡվɫߣһȥǻڵһԷش󣬳ԷģԺ˵


1366 ɽ
ѩޣ
ϷһƬɽЩɽվ쳣ȴ֮㡣ÿһɽɢһصԣܸоŨɽУɽĻľʮֵïʢȻһۿȥɽϰ֮ࡣֲķλһۿȥƺ¡
һۿȥͻо̺İأ·ܿתÿһɽ˴˼䶼һһӦ
ɽ֮£ᴩ
һɽÿһɽ棬̺ȻдСǿ̺ǾζбأٶȣԶҪĶࡣ
ǰЩɽԼγһ塣
ĳ󷨣ĳơ
ܵȻȻĻɽܣɽסеɾɽˣܿһ¥ÿһƷǷһͲǷӵеֱʡ峿ÿһɽĹ㳡ϣУǿ֮Ŷ
һһ¼䣬ͬˮ
ܿɫ۵ʿսͨһƬɼĿã
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и֡
ƬɽоʹһţΪɽš
ɽµİգÿ˼УȻһ
ǻһɽɽϣһɫ۵ӣɷǣ·ʱ˷ȥ̫顣
񣬾˵ɽŵĿʦɽ档
ɽűµգÿղҪտҪŻԸˣˡ
ͨˣЩѾû̫ʱȥ
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Ȼ࣬Ǹ󲿷ԾŵĻᡣ
ȻɽŲûнֹܱȴûṩսͨ˼ЩжǴ֮û˭óοһȥɽδǺ£һǿȻӦе˼
˭Ϊɽŵһ㣬Ҫÿյ湱Ը
ѩñͥҲʮּɵɽšܱߣӵǧȫŶ
ɽܱɽΪɽ˷һ󣬾ǱͥɱҪ飬Ҳɽܹ֮ѩʼĸԭ֮һ
ʵǸ
ɽؽС
һųڣȻԿаƼ඼δæû̫ʱ䵢飬Ͼ˭޷͵ˣ򣬵ȴľԼӣ޷ά±
ǧ˿ڣɽɽҪΪŬ
ҪֳĿҪΪɽ֡
пǲй
壬ܶȻݱְҵ
磬ˣ÷ȵȣӵһ֮ˣչ黹гͷ֮աԼգͷ׬ȡճ裬Դһ㣬ɽŲûⱾչıȻ
˭ֹ
ʳסУˡ
ֻҪᵢĵͿԡҪ֪֮£űӵգҪǼᡣż¼ÿǷɵ棬м¼ġ˭޷Ū١һ֣ͻõ棬֮󣬲ɱˣȴŽ֮ڡ
һǿ֪ʲô
ųΪǡ
˿̣ͨӰ߽УŴ磬вû̫𡣽УҲ㲻ע⡣һջ¥
߽ȥ󣬵һЩƲˡ
͹٣ǵĲһҪöҡ
Сڼ˵˺󿪿˵
ɽŽڣԾΪֻͨԵñȽöңڿջ˵Ѿʮַʢһ١ѣǺǳڰ͡
㣬Եֵöҡ
һƽ͵Ļ֮һöӲӵҷϡ
С۾һңһ뾧űʵȫûпɱԡ֪ܵöҵļֵԶöҡ
͵һƲϾͻţöңȥ
ʦǴҪݾߡ
һƽĻ
һժ
ϸȥȻǼڼҵˣΣĴλѪˣո˵ģǼڼҡ
ѩ֮У̽飬ֻĴ΢ͥ⣬Ȼ඼ֻһΪʵվܴЩУΨɽš⣬֮УӦӵ龳֮ϵĴǿߡǰȴɽ֣̽̽ˮ˵
ڼЦ˵
ɽΪ˵ȻҪúýӴһ¡Ͼڴ׻ʳ˵ʮȶء
䷸Ÿڷ֮Ĵڡ
̤ɽžںţȴƽţȷʵڱӻգֱӻĻϣȴڰãҪҹ棬Ըһ㣬Ȧ졣糣ҪŸҩ£ǲ
Ļʲô̫
Ψһһôֹȥ
ѡ뿪Ҳѡ£¾Ҫعءŵ̬ȡ
ǱղϮ˵ǹ¡ܰװױӡκζҪۣſ˵ǲд
Ǵȣʵ˵ĸоȻŵҲʲôɹĵطʵԹͬ
ҡҡͷ˵
ܸоһԾϵūۡ
֮ȣ׻ʳеİգ˿ΪԼɵĻţ߶ԱȣܸܵһֱϵĲ
ڼǵ˺α⣬٣ɽţħаɣ°ջչˣȻǽѩҴ׽֮ڣЩյĹͲҡ
ڼЦ˵
վڸԵϣûжԴ֮˵
ʦ¶ңҪɽŵҵͷ˵
ȥǣǡȳԣ߳ԱߵȣĳûйĻǳʱɽŵҲˡ
ڼɫƶ˵
˿̣ڿջС
С͵ƹС
λƹȻǷһ۾ͿҵķǷ֮
ⲻɽؽĻңֻң϶ͨˣǼλ磬š


1367 Σ
ӻϣƹѾ뵽ܶණֻҵȫпˡɽ֮⣬пѩ֮
ֿܣܵҪϢ֪ͨš
һǱĬľٶ
ɽؽУųУŵءöҺܿ䵽ŵУŵӵʶȻ׾ͷеĲҵٴС
ûãöѾɽС
ɽнϰɽҪĻеľɽÿһɽеһ֧ģɽŵΪɷ塣
˿̣ɷϣһ޴Ĵҡĵ
Уܿһɷǵʿڡ׵λãٲȻһӣʿ֮Ȼư׷ϴһȻȻϣһεơ
ȻɽӡҲɷķ
İλȻ֮
ལ齣ӡ
Ϸӡ
Ůӡ
ٿˡ
ӡ
ǧҩˡ
޷ˡ
ˡ
ܸܵڴУÿһɢϢʮǿޣϵһ㶼ֻҪԸ⣬ʱԱǿƻǷ
˿̣һöӲӵвϴݡ
ӿˣ˵λöҴô
Ǵ׻ʳĻңҡϣۿԲϴңҲһңһöһ޶ȷɡ
һ棬Ӥĳɫƶ˵
ֻңʾԲϴ
ȷʵҡֻǵֺ󣬴û⴫֮Լʹã鵤ҩǽֹȥͻȻֻ֣һܣǼߣҪôǴ;õңҪôǴ׻ʳˡ
ϴһ˿ص˵
ڴ׻ʳȻİ嫺пк󣬾֪׻ʳҲ嫺ڣ綼ϵһ졣
;õȻûйϵҪǴ׻ʳˣĺͷͬһˡζţ׻ʳѾ̤Ƭ½أע
鱨ߣڿջ֮УмĿǴ׻ʳ֮ˡλΪǸΡ
Ӽ˵
˳κµأǿĹҵǾͿ϶ǲǰԵأƬ½ضΪ׵ĽҼ׻ʣǲһԲɽͳϽǧառԸʱǸӦԡ
˳˵һҪԵ⡣
ߣų֮⣬˳ͳϽ֮ڡǴ׻ʳռ½ΣҲûʸܵͷϡ
һ񱩵˵дһǿҵİе˳û̫۵ףУûʲôܹžӦø߸ϣķ°յĶĤݡԻȡŵӡ
ʵϣͬкܶӵ̬
ʿӦ߸ϡеĳ뾴η
ʦܣܶ飬ƫȫȻţվ壬׻ʳǱѰؼ׻ʵħսϣѹ콾аħɱѹ£ȻߣΪ磬档˳ͬСɣ˳֮УҲʿĻʳ뷨ԺȻԴ
ҡҡͷ˵
ʦãһǰ͡ڿջкڵʹңֱǿġҲڶǷ룬ǲȥԵɽ̫

ǲǴͣȥûдġ
ЩҪ潻̸С
ʱݹٻƳաڿջǰ
̤ջ֪ʲôʱ򣬿ջԭȵıѾȥֻʣ¼ڼ档
ǳʱڼҲһʱͿ
໥һۣ֪λһɽǰǿߡ
ƶӣɽʼλѴӺζҪȥηǰڼֱӿѯʵ˿ûйĨǵ˼ֱӾѯ⡣
ʹڼ
ڼЦŹһƽ˵
ûΪǰֵʲôܳı顣һƽ̬һûݵλ仯

ֱºٴοڼѾ֪ǰЩУԼڼΪٴѯʵȻǴ׻ʳʹߣӦһ֪ͨҲɽΪʹ߰ź޾סջͣʵ̫ʧˡ
ȲҪ˵ʧģӦǲŶԡڼҲЦǺǵ˵
ͻһת֪ɽѾҪͷˡ
ͷλ֮У
ӵȻһЦȻ˵ûΪڼ֮Զʲô仯
Ҵ׻ʳ֪̽鱨ѩ֮ϣԱΪ𣬲ңѾ˳ͥĿ£ȼĳ䷱ٶȣУλǰé񣬱սʿѾ鲼أֻҪԸ⣬ʱԻǧѾʼ±ɽɽ֮⡣
ڼ̸ңѾõܱʬħеʬǿߣѾɽ֮⣬ʱ׼ɽʬħʬǼΪ£һʩչܱ򣬶ϮսΪʬūʬħ֣ɽΣӣ
ܣʬħôܻ֡
ӹϷ񶨵ϮʬħҪʬħշսһսʬħʧ󣬶Ҳʹۣ˲ء֮䣬޼ʬħ֪֮ͬĲôܻ֡ЦδЩ̫ĵˡ
޻̸֮
Щĸ
ͥѾռѩ޴󲿷򣬸ݿɿϢѾ׼֮ͥǰǿƵļǵжд̣ʬħͬܺ⣬ʬħʬ޷Ϯ壬޷ǻΪʬūǽʬһ塣岻һʺϻΪʬ塣ֻҪϮ̶ʱڣȫԻȡǧƵʬū忹⡣
ڼŵ˵
˻棡
¶֮ɫ
ֿܲûС
ʺϳΪʬ֮һֻҪԴɱٶȼ죬ʬūΪʬ̵ʱڻȡˡΪˣʬħֵļʲûС
ڱʬħУ嶼ҪԵĿꡣ
ǰȥ̽飬ӦҵһЩ˿ɽȻǿ󣬿ƣ̩ɽؼ䣬ûвƵıݣһζķأȻǿ󣬿İգʵ̫Ҫԣ¡
ڼ˵


1368 
ǿҲҪΪûг˿Ϊ֣£ŵʱȻô棬пܱ󲿷ʱ䡣ΪٶȣȻܵӰ졣οţ塣ǵĸ
ǧգҪ¾һգɽܳܵסӴҵ
ֵѣ֪׻ʳ˴ǰΪһڼֱѯʵ
ƵѼȻô˵ǼĳҲĨǡڼЦ˵Ƭ½ѾҴ׻ʳ֮ڣңд̽Ǳѩޣܱ̽߻ƣΡѾȷҪѩװͼ֮ڣԶִĳһͷѡ
ѩ֮أǾԲܷһ֮أܰõգܻ۵ˣ˾̾ģ˭ܷ׳Ļᡣ
Ĵ׻ʳУνսڶżΪʢ
ױǿ׻ʳڵĳǰգܻȡĪĺôЩǿüŵġ
ȻҴϣѩҵֵѣɽţȻҴ׻ʳ˵Ҫ֮ѡڼ˵
ŵʵ˭ܷϣǵۺ˭֪ʲôϹϹҪ˵ƴűӡشɱִܽࡣԣ򲻵ѣ˭ȥЩоԶȵ¡
˭֪ᷢʲôʡ
ʵɲǰԵӥ֮ͥͥϡԣѰѣδһĽݾ
ʵʮǿǵķǿᵽ˷ָ廹˿ڣ̶ʮʱ䣬Ѿŵʮڵľ֣ң鱨壬ŮֻҪ꣬żǿսÿһѷɫϾʿҪ֮ʱȫԱ
ڼ˵
вĵ˳
壬Ǵ׻ʳҪԵĵˣͬҲɽҪԵĵˡǴ׻ʳһɽ֡Ѿʼ±֮⡣
һսܷ񵲵סǻ˵
һ㣬Ȼס֮࣬˺˯
Ȿһ
ֵѵ˼ƶֻɽԸ׹ռѩޣȵ׳ռѩ޺˭ܱ֤ײӲţתڣ׼֡
Ӻһ⣬ܼ
ȴǰǰʵڵ⡣
߹ûжžɽŶڱǱҪд̣ʱֺγǴ׻ʳеһӡ
˭֪ʱʲô
Щǲò
òƽϡ
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ڼЦ˵ȴһּᶨ
ЩڣʿУǶۻһĿȻɱεһʱɱβһ
ɽΣ׻ʳǾԲܴӦӲԣŲЩռÿҪÿɵ棬Ǵ׻ʳԲ̵һ¡
һͳϽ飬ȻҪжϡ֮ʲô
ֻһ㣬Ǿûء
ãЩȻԽ׻ʳ
׵ͷ
һ㣬֮ǰѾ׼׻ʳսʤ壬Ǻʣʵ֮ǿڵʵ̲ܿ⡣ǻʵŵ˳ǸһҪϸֵ顣չ鵽ףʵΪ
ͬΪҴ׻ʳڸû̫ĳɼֻҪڴ׽ڣϴ׻ʳĵλش׵ɷȻͬ񡣵ȻҲһŴ磬ţ֮ڣΡײڲˡΪаʱ׷ŻС
ڼ˵
Ǵ׻ʳһֱŵ̬ȡ
磬ɽׯһңɽׯ֮ڣײᣬֻҪ㲻׵ɷǾһްȻҪǴɷҲͱִ׳̫
еӣԵ¼ȡ켮ͬȨ
ڼܱ֤ľǣ׶κգһͬʣûб˼ֻҪطСһ㣬ŵͨû
ãֻҪܹЩɽԸ׽ˣͬӦԱͥӲûжÿǶãǼڼĴ˵ʲôõźмӵĻŵֳŵĻţỳɣǴ׻ʳסŵͷѡʵ׼Ըš
Լ
̹ϣȴһΡϡٵĻԡ
ȻҴ׻ʳԱ֤ո˵һжʵ֡ͬΪ壬Ϊеͬ忪ţҪ硣ٲŽᣬ̫޴
ڼЦ˵
ɽ̽飬һ㣬ܹһ֣ԼĿƱһս΢󿪿˵
Ŷʾ
ڼ۾ʱһаǰɽŹȻˡ˽ģһǵĵˣ忹ô꣬ɽŶڱ˽⣬ԲܱȵġûһЩҪѶϢ
ȻȻõر
Ӳޱȣˣң֮츳໥໥ơҵĻԶɼѹƣ壬ϲ̫ϲ¶̫ߵĻ¶̫õĻУ˻ʣٻʮʹ࣬Ȼ䣬ѩ޺ĻУ˺
Ҳûгɣڽ˵˳Ψһ㣬ˣԳ𣬾Ͳֱ̫
ֱ̫
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ǧ磬治С
ֱ̫Ρ
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顣
ڼ¶֮ɫ
۾ÿһλΪĲ֣κ壬ˣû۾еҪһ⣬Ǿش
۾ʱûκ⣬һ糣Ҫֱ̫Ļ۾ͻᱻ̫ɢĹâֱӴϹңǱճɻҽǻ棬̫𣬰ԵסΪʲô˭Թ嶼ֱ̫


1369 Ϯ
۾رĿǿңһͨڱ嶼ûЧУʼնɼֻҪԸ⣬Խ΢СзŴ󣬿ೣ˿ĶصһֻΨ̫޿κΡ
ǿһ۾Ϲ
ԣˣһоףԼֱ̫̫ʱǵͷǶڷУܵĲϲѩ
Ȼ㣬ֻҪСĽĻһ˸Ͳ֪
ɽ֪ǻΪץһսʿѻ֮̽Ǿ̫ҿֱ̫ӱһЩսʿ̫´˫ۣ̫
һ⣬ڿ̫һɲǣ۾ֱӿֳ̫˲ճɻҽ
˵Ǳ㡣
Ȼ֪Ҳûа취֪Լ۾ֱ̫£սʿô̧ܻͷ̫ΪȻȥ
ڼѾΪϲҪĿľҪ£ɽţȵͥʱܹڲ𹥻ӦһӣĻô׵ĴɵɱѩޡռһƬ֮ء
ܵõ㣬֮ϲ
̫ˣԭ徹Ȼ㣬֪ҴҪ֪ҲҪϵʱ䣬ǰ֪Ҳһɲ֡
ڼϲԣҴд󹦣¼ĳ֮󣬱ضΪɽ빦ŻһʮָˡɽŲʹ͡
Уӵ̬ȻԵı仯
ǧǣˡ
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ͬΪ壬ɽҲȻԸ⿴˳ܹøǿʱԵһ¶⡣
Ц˵
ҲԵͷɣ׻ʳӴһõĿͷ

ʱɽţɷ֮ϣһͻȻգڹӾҡΣϷ
һ



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ͬʱǿӣ¶һ˿ݡеľӣһУͻ쾯ӣͨţʱӦԡ
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УѾһŨŭ
ҪŭѡⶼֱӴˡ
ȫûκתء
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ͲҪѵһ꣬õսʿһӵϣǰڵٺõս󣬶ᱻЩ֧飬ɱƬײھԵʵǰһжǳеǸʵݵѹ֡ɱһɱѵɱ˳ǧսʿǶֵʵѾǿᵽ޷˺սĲΡѾǱһĹɱֶΡ
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ң˺ս֮⣬һսΪս壡һʩչԴսʿ۳ǿıսʵֱӱʮ֮ࡣսʮֹ죬Ǳ嶼еս󣬶ңҪطѪõý顣
˴һ˿ŨŨļɵ
µĵطһ㣬ǿʱصս󣬻Ϊǿޱȵıսսϣҡ
Ȼ֣ǱȻ֪ڴӦԡɽУǴǧաЩԱ壬ͬ߹һ㣬׾ͻɱ
ڼѯʵ
Ҫռɽţûôס
¶ᶨ֮ɫȻ˵λʦֵܣѾΣڵϦ֮գڴ㿪ɽλΪΡ
ͬ⣡
飡
ͬ
׷׿ڴӦ
һ̣ѾΣڵϦ̣֮û취ԡҪǧգɽ󣬾Ψһѡ
λʦֵǰִۣ󡣡
ӶȻ˵
ûгɣ׷׻Ϊһݹ⣬ǰڡ
ɽɽУһɽϣͬʱдǿߵִ


1370 ɽ
ˢˢˢ
һɽͬʱ𶯣ܿЩɽϣͻȻ⣬ֳصƣͬʱԴԴϵĴɽиֳЩģ·Ѿһɽɽ峹ںһ𣬷ɽ壬ȫһġ
Ԫɽ
ķĻһȻ䣬·һ£һɽгֱӲУ·һִУܼķ˸ϵıáʮ졣
⣬ϰٵ
պȻ䣬γһ޴ͼͼ·ܿصĵתճϵϡ
գ·Կ޴ޱȵɽʶ
ܿÿһɢͬϡ
վ㣡
ÿһһѹĿߣȻȻһС
ɽͼ
Ŀã¶һ˿ȣɽлɽ

Ŀ¶⣬
̩ɽۣ֮ɽ֮գɽ֮ɽ֮ģɽ֮㣬Ȼ鴫ͼ۳ξѾˣ֪Ŀãжô档
ڼ۾Ծ̾
УʣȻɽÿһΪϵбءһЩ˽⣬ɽܴڵĵطبŴ½ֻ۳ζѣչֳϣ֮һ
ˣǼΪľˡ
ͼ
ӿзһϺȣһӳ䣬ӳкȻֳһͼͼչͼϺȻֳɽ̫ʲôͼɽŵͼһ챦Ѿﵽ鱦ĲΡ
ܸܵͼĳ֣ȻȻľеͼΪһ塣
ʱ䣬䲻
⸱ͼҲ޷ȫ߶ܷӳֻ°ٷ֮һû㹻ǿΪʵر֣ҲȫʩչǱӱʹ򣬾ͻӵиơ
ͬʱɽɽУϢģðһɫɢ·ǴӵӿֶƬ̼䣬ѾɽڣȫС·ɽɽˮˮһ룬Ⱦͻʧ򡣾ʿ޷ֵ
һʧߵĳȥ
֪ЩİԵ֮
ɽԲֻЩѡ
ڼаԳչֳģֻǱɽһǣûչֳ֮һҪȻܳΪŵĻɽ
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ȻԿһ׵ĿսһսףŵģٲȻһӨսìͨ年ճģˣˮУýˮѸٱ⡣
ϵƼǿɷΪŨ
ѾȫִƬɽɽȫڰΧ֮УҷսʿѾִһǧں棬սʿԴԴϸ
˳ս㱨
ܺã֪ͨȥεĿֻһǾǽɽųգȫɱһƬ½أǱġ֮⣬κڡ
սȻ˵Уɱڡ
һսȻǱͥеĴ󽫣Ϊ˪սɱԼأһ֣ȻǷˣʮְԵһģʯĳ壬ˡ
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ЩսʿȻûܵӰ죬ʧʧȥй١
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ͺڣİûа취ǲӰ죬ڰУж磬˵ǣߣӰ졣
Ҫô׵̤ɽɽԵδЩ̫ˡеôɡΪǧУҪǧѹ
Ŀãʮƽ˿ûиоѿ
Իߣֻ֮ͨһѣûʵս
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ʱͿɽеİۿɼٶȿʼӣԽԽŨԽԽ𤡣
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ЩоϷ·һɽһ㡣εʼѹѹǴÿһռдݶġ
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飡
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ܶոͻƵϾεıսʿͻȻ䴫ѵȻεһѹķѣϾȻѺۣžֱˡ
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˪սͬܵ԰еľ޴·̶ֲҪ붼룬һϺȡ
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ֱۣ
һսʿϺȣ廯Ϊ׹⣬ڰ׹УҺһ㣬ΪһűҺ壬һΣһǳɰǧսʿһû۵Һ岻ӣٱ£Ϊһֻ޴ıֱۣͷ­֮¡
иսʿ۳һֱֻۡ


1371 ս
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˫ȡ
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ܿȫԷ˪սΪ壬־ƹתңת˼ת
Ǳһ㡣
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ȻԿսʿ׷׿ս۳һ͸Ӿ޴ıսСģʮɸߣ󲿷ֶʮɡڣɢϢʮ־ˣң۳սʱϸǸֳһ㾧Өսסȫճϵ
۳սͬʱڵ˲䱶
ͬʱдݳǿѹȻ󻺽⣬޷ܵѹһӾͱʮɣƺȫһֿԳܵĽ׶С
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ùս󣬾Ȼֱ۳ֺͽţÿһοоʮֹ죬˵Щս壬ǱնֽţЩնϵֽŶз𹥻·ж־չ¶ǿķâ
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飡
һһɽԴԴϵĳűײȥײǴҡеһУֳһּΪ̬
ȫԾԵһУѹһС
ͬӦԡ
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ţͿһɽϵĴ˷ϯңײһ׺ᣬҪֱײ


1372 
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ݻٸɽƻŴ
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ڽǰȻҪһ˽⣬ǱͥԴҲܺ׼дػһ㣬Ǻģȴ֪ʲôǰΪ̽ŴţӦ
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ڸոգԸоضת
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ҪƻһɽĵǺܼ򵥡һɽôױٵܳΪڴΪɽɡ
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˪սϺȡйâһȻ䣬Կһϰɳıɫǰڳϣƺ̺ĳֶصϡ
·ԪǰҪǿҵĿ־塣
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һоžŰʮһÿһжסһһȥԶסžŰʮһڱ£ԸϣȥƷףǿؽףҲ鱦ĲΡǿ
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1373 ̩ɽ
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һ׻ʳĽ֮ڣ֪׼ζԴǡһСģ׳β󲻵ľ棬ɴеһȻһСģ׳ִӡǿɲʲô¡
΢󿪿˵
˳˵ôǲȶء
޷ǿҴ׻ʳֻøǿκ˼ھԵǰЩ˼ͨͨҪѹȥţǻҲҪšŶûУҴ׵δؽɾޡɰٴײ貵Ļ𻨡
еȻһЦ˵
ȻɽŵֶΣҲŵʵһĲ²⣬̩ɽֶΣҪѾ޴ĴۣһʩչŶҪ˽ǡܵ޴ʧ
ˣɽӦû֧һʱ䡣ͥԲưոݣõĳʱ
ЦѾǰȺ󲿷ֶѾִﳯ
ûгɣǰϡ
һ۾ͿȺһûгʲô
Уûгɣּ䣬Ȼ䣬һĻڴڣţȻȻĸֳոѩĻ档ЩƵڣҪȻټ򵥲ڽͶţ˶ܿĵ
ѻȸһ治ֵĻ档
ɽ彻սľ󡣶Ŀת´κһ档ǾĽ죬ĸ档ǹĦ˵ûᡣܹ׼ȷİסһֵϡ


1374 
ŹȻСӣӵеĵȷʵǿףǧ𹥷ɽûдƣͱѹȻռƣһǾͱҪСĽпܣһжǵƿ֮С
Ƴ忴󣬷һ̾
Ŷĵ̾ӪĿνͰһˮ֡Ͼĸڣ֮ء벻úþӪѡ
ЩȻսǷмǿսң츳ϣת֮ʮѲټ۳սս壬սϣһִɱɾ޴鷳ܹռѩ޵壬ңѩ޵Ļ˵̫ǿơ
˵
ǵռݵȻϵơռλ
ϽԵȻɽŷսңΣѾǴһֲݣȻҪݻ⴦ŵľ档ǣסĴ󲿷עǴ׻ʳѩ޵ʱΪ粻˳٣Ҫսѩޡſ֮ǰ׽ѩ£㲻£ҲҪռݴ롣
дһ˿ȡ
ǿĹѫĪĳɾ͡
ټλǰҪĿģͬΪ˳ѩ֮£ݼְ䴫Ϣ岢û㣬ûǵ۾ȱߡ
Ҳڽ˵һ顣
ϢôȺһܣ¶̫ǿֻҪͺã㣬ǾӦĶԲߣĻȫ°빦εսӵиʤ㡣ռѩ޵ʱ䶼̡ܴ
Щ徹Ȼ̫𣬱£ѻԸΪȷ棬ƾһѻŵʵ̫𣬾ԿΪҴͷͥ
¹Ӣʹϲǰһ˵ɫǿҵš
ѻűڵĽףһлԵȫԽɱڣӵ̫ĻУ̫ͬģѻżЩľԿǡ֮Ҫ˱ᡣ־塣
еʵ̫ˡ
ȫһսУϹѫ޾ҫ
ͷһ֣ʱͳռġԺл
ԴͶ֮Уȴľôһ졣
½ѻţȷʵǱĿǣȻ֪Լ㣬һѻſͷų̫һʼ𵽾޴ãӦ󣬿϶СЧδܴﵽԤڡ
׵ͷȴûеôֹۣδûнİ취
Уһ˿ɡ
ȻԺѾ˽ķſ˵Լİ취ʱг϶¶һ˿˷ܵ΢ЦƵƵͷȻʮַͬоܺá
£ĩսѩþӦѩڱѩսȱѷɫԸΪȷ棬ѩޡѩǰһͬս
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ѩͲˣԶʳʲôѩþóѩսѵžͺѩشսô뵱꣬ҲǴѩɱģ˭˭ȷλãҪ¾Ŵ𲻴Ӧ
ҧ͸β͵èһֱ˳˵£¾ſɲʲôѩǵɽ𺣣ֻҪһ£Ҿʮʿüͷһ¡һɽͷ
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ҲӦˡ
׷׿ս
ܿĳս֮ʮʢֿսעҪڴ׻ʳʷ֮Уǧ꣬ʷϣŨīزʵһʡ
ΣҪȥ
ˣιռѩޣҪԵĶǿ󣬶ңѩ޵޴Ϊһ֮أΣоţзݣҪͶ뵽ζѩ޵սУңԼڼΪף齨ıʿţսеȡһսˡϣ̵ʱɶѩ޵ռ졣䳹׵İͼ֮ڡ
ЦŰڰ˵
һսʱ̫̣Ԥʱ䲻࣬Ҫռ죬ҪʱҪȻſı̫˭֪һЩʲô档
ؼǣ̫̬ˣȫԱͶ뵽ôľţԱ壬ͺһһƬһܻʤҪķѵʱġ
Ȼᳬ㡣
ôһ˵λų϶¶ЦݡͬʱҲһȻ֪εսԲǶϷһʲôӣǿɾͲС¡
֮ǰ˵Щ칤Ҫÿɡ
п³ʦѯʵ
ЩѣǵƷͿܴӡٴӡֻҪһʱ䣬Ϳ졣
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ոһЩЩѻŵģȻһЩСڼϣûκ⣬ȫʱ졣
ܺáɡ
ĵͷɳѾ
ɳǲγؼڡɳѹҰɳǾǴսĻɳڣſôĽ̩ɽҪûɳǣܲܰȵһ޴⡣
·ģɳǵ죬ûֹͣңʱ䣬ټĹ죬ͬʱ¯Ҳɱ䣬ռשٶȱǰʮֹû⣬Ҳͬ졣
Ц˵
¯ʵһֱ׻ʳֽһؼ⣬챦ҪҪ𣬻ƽײΣһ֣ͿԽƷֻҪ𣬾ͿԴﵽƽ۷壬룬ֱӾɱ챦
¯оɻ
ɱ¯Ȼ˲䱶ϰٱ
ٶȿرܹһĲϡ
ÿܹĲϣǶѻɽؼǣ¯ɱ¯гֲͬεĿռ䣬һԽиֲͬϵ档ʮ档
שʱϣǾɾϵȵȡ
ãɳǵ죬ֹͣ
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£ɳ죬һ⣬ǾǣҪдĽƣ΢飬ģչơ򣬽Ȼȱڡ
Ƴ˵


1375 
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ԣÿһɳǣҲζţҪһöĽһöһöЩ׻ʳĵĽֹǧöң׻ʳɳѹķĹ߼ȥǾҪԴԴϵĽٶ࣬Ӷࡣ
ȫжҪ١
ҲŴ׻ʳŵ·ϱҪӵĹؼ⡣
Ǵ׻ʳĽƷףܹж١пѦ𣬿ѯʵ
£ǹ֮ڣʣһǧ߰ʮöʱ䣬Ѿ񣬴ȡѾгЧټϴ֮Ĵկ䣬ֻҪԽ죬Խ˴Ǵ׻ʳɳǡ
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սķʱͬԻȡǵĸ
ռ볤ýȥһȥսֹռĹ߾Զͣ£У׳İգɻȡѫһ齨ǺĽֻҪԸףɻȡѫһƷԽߣѫԽࡣ
΢󣬿˵
ӣȻӵеĴ㲻٣վȱڣԽǵ棬ҪԽ࣬ĻȻҪδѣ׼
⵽ʱֲ
ʥ
Ⱥͬͬ
ǸߣȻ顣
λ䶼ȥɣ֮գաֻһ׼ʱ䡣ϣ쿪ʤһΣʽײս¡
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ʣнʿ˵һֹ裬һܣҲһֱ޲ߣҲζţҪѩ޳¡ҪȻγͻһЦǱЦҪоԲܱЦ׵档
Ⱥ͸߳
Ƿ׷ǰս磬ʼսһսû˭ԸҪһսУչ¶ķɡ

ʱһΣѾ˵ڶ졣
ѩޣɽעɽ֮ϣʼնסһҪ뽫ȥ˵Ļʮѣңʮֱִ̺֮ӽ⣬һǿƱػش֧Ŀܡ
һˣɵˣ̫ˡȫǻٵһ
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һ飬ɽűȻشԪˡ
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Ѿӵڳ顣ͬҲɽٵݻȥýһǰԸһ顣
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챦
ڼ۾΢΢һ漴˵챦ɲ˷ѣڵ֮ϣģһѩޣסҴ׽ʿĲǾϸþС
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׻ʳƳǣսС
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ˢ
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1376 ѩ㲿
ѻʿµĻѻȻԷӳླεսҪ֪ѻɶݣͬСɣߴ䣬ﵽླεս˿ûκεǿѻڴ׻ʳУཫʿѾձͼΡ
ڴ׾ȡԴʵ̫ˡ
ŨѪɷΪһǧϡޱȵԴھжǴģĹӦףʳĶھսУǸУÿÿͶУǼճȺĴ⿡дҩҸľй
УҪѡ
й˵ֻҪŬܻлرľǿ̿࣬ľǲŬսϵĸָ򡣶Ϊ
ѩޣ档
бĲ䡣
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Щеı飬ԵʮֵļӲ⣬һЩն棬˺ۣȴδܹ׶նơü̵С
Ǳ죬ñݻȻһ壬κεķ϶ַݣǱΪϲľס
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˲һңǧǧҡ
ֲԣñսܵľһηƣһʩչƱˡսϣޱȿµս
ܣ߲ܿһ׵СĴ֣ˣǶѩˣñ໥䣬ˤӣǶԴˣĸܣǣܶСĸ˭֪ķܷʽżġ
䱻֮Ϊѩ㲿䣬˵ǵһıǿ¸ʱһѩϷɹȻΪѩ㲿䣬ô򵥴ֱʲôܡҲһֶѡ
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ˢ
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壬Ϯ
ѩ㲿䲻ս壬ֲԺ󣬵ͷʾбսʿ

޴ıӱ졣
սʿԥìŹֵĺХٳɳ̲λñϮȥսܣǵһʱӦ˱ܣֱӷ𹥻κο壬УǵˣӦñɱ
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һҵѻУֻѻϣ汩ǣҵĻڱìʱµȻӲһìڻ
ڻѻϣɢĻ棬ɫܿһ˿ɫڣɫУݳޱϢԵޱȣѻǽףѻĻ̺һ˿̫ƷײѪɱ£ѻɢĻУ̺̫𲿷ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ
̫İԵЩԱ۳ıì˵ֱһ־ԵĿǣȻͱճһˮ
棬ĳ̶ֳϣõķì˵ġ

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һ̣ѩ㲿ȫϹӣһЩ©֮㣬Ҳָ̧գȫһʶΪ˭޷뵽ѻĻ̺̫
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ͬʱЩƬͬΪµı棬ȫµֻḶ́Բ˲ϢɵģҪһʱܳɡ꣬һɶ͵ġ
գ֮䣬ѩ㲿䳹ױ¾һա
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ٽܵĵеıȫɨһߣѻɽһƬ޴Ŀռ䣬ѩ㲿⡣


1377 ѵ
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Уһ֮Զϯ֮УΪһ塣·һӻ˴һ㡣Ҳζţɳǣ׳Ϊ׻ʳһ֡
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׾ٵľͱȡѪУû뵽С
ԿһöһȥʱͿһ޴ĳשӳ
ףǰƺЩһǰѪǽ׼ʬʱɫĳשô͸ˮһĳש
ͻȻһ
ǰǰƺЩһ
۳ĳשȻˮһ㣬ԭȵĺɫűʮֵ档
ûԹȻ˴ڳеػѪ־û˿ĿܡҲڵһʱоѪǵı仯
֣Щˮש棬ͺһŰֽһȫ׵ͿĨκεɫκεԣһ㶼ûܵ谭ӡ
ʵҲȷʵˡ
ԿˮһĳשۿɼٶɱѪɫѪػ־óǽü᲻ɴݡ
ӦЩһ¶״̬УһŰֽ궼ûȫٴ±׼ѪǣκεԹ˵õ׼Ʒ֮һںϣΪ塣̺һ컯̺żǿѪҪġ
һ۵ĽĿãһ˿˻Ƶ˵
ǻʬ׼õľͲĽһԹ޴谭ԱҪķѼʱ䡣
ıѣȫһֲɶõĹ屦öǺ˰
¶һĨЦݡ
ֱ֮ϲ
£΢飬ȵܱ֮󣬿ԶԱȦʱǷܣٻɱ󣬻ΪѣΪѪṩԴԴϵĳɳǵķ
ͻȻ˵ſײߡ
ǺöֻҪһֱ壬ǿȡ֮֮ߡȡԴԴϵıѡѪǵĳӵ޾ĵ̡
ôǲЩ̫ˡľ΢΢ü˵ңԱһ߲˵Թĺ󻼡ʲô¡
࣬ı죬壬˽⣬ѩ֮ϣڱУҲǿɱū
˵
Ȧ壬δزһԴĺôֶ壬Ȼвɡһ㣬ûκ
£Ժ顣
һĨɫ˵
Ϣ䣬ЩȡڰеıȻϢһ֪֡ʧʲôطȥˡ
ˢˢˢ
ţͿıУƬõĳۿɼٶȻΪʵʣͬʱЩˮĳשȾѪɫٶȣǳˡÿ䣬һһεĳҪ֪ÿһöһש
ǧö۳ĳשֱӾʹﵽǧ顣
ĳ壬֪
һĻеУһϲⶼ֮ϲ׳ױ̡
ܽ׳Ѫǣ壬ǰ󣬶áʮڱ壬һȫɱܻȡıѣȻڣǧڡԽѪǣѩ޽򡣡
ƶ


1378 ˭ļ
ǵãɽɽУǧսʿıѣıֻӵвʮ֮ࡣܵõЩѣʣǵѪٴд󲿷۳ʵʡǰǰһʢ硣
˵
ɽŵȻҪ׻ʳ˵ģһˣʣҪҪȡЩѣоųɵİջύסһϾʿ˵ֻܿԲáֱӽ׻ʳ˳ˮ顣
һ㣬ŵ۹⣬Ȼֵܷء
ӲҪ˵Щ˵Ҳһ־޴
ȷʵһð취
۾ʱһаԵͷǿѪǵĺ÷Ѫ۳ʵĲԽ̺࣬Խǿһȫ֣Ϊʵ壬׽򣬿׻ʳǵ׽
ػ֮Ȼ
ʹѶĺɽ̸Ƚõ˵
ٴ˵
һ䣬ѾͨѶ
˿̣ڼɷ֮ϣӶͤУһƷ裬ɽŵزΪ¶裬һɫ롣ڳ֮ȴһֶص㣬Ŀζ޾
ɲһ裬¶裬ãԪϴѪң򣬶żΪ׵ĹЧƽʱɽУҲϡ֮ÿĲǼΪ޵ģƷģһŸ߲лᡣ
μڼƷɣΪݡ
УǴ׻ʳ档ȻӶΪ
Ʒͬʱڼֱ̧ۣͨѶȡѶϢ󣬿ӣӵѣոʴѶϢڸոգҴ׻ʳĴѾ̤ѩޣңѾһ岿䣬ǲ䳹׽Ѿɳǣվȸѩ޷𹥻һвʳ
̫ˣ׵Ĵʵ̫ʱˡ
̲סƴϲ
ȻƷ裬ȴûΧŵǧ徫ʱпɱɽţɽСεĽȣƽ
׳Ȼǿҵ˷ܡǽȼü֮
üĳѯһ¡
ڼͻȻ˵
뽲
Ӷʱɫ
ʵѣ֮ǰЩսʿɺıǷ;ûеĻϣԵõЩѡ
ڼѯʵ
ѣ¶һ˿Ź֣˵ǱǱãǰɽҲɱ壬õĵѣ̽飬ȴ֣⵰ѣʵһ飬Ӳ취ıǡһɲǣͨͨɢΡձһôı飬ըû˿ôУֻһƷ
ĵȻԹֶΣǣʲôҲȫûа취ЩáҪݻٻʮѣһ㶼ǵȵı׶һɲǣ𹥻׷֮֮ǰ඼֮֮
ڴ׻ʳȻҪЩѣȻһ档
ȻҲûпھܾˬ˵ЩɽҲãһ巢Ҳᱻ¶ȥֻҪܹߣбѣȫ͸ס͵ɽŸĳ⡣Щõĵѣһ顣
Լڴ׻ʳеӡȻٺò
ǾͶл
ڼ¶һĨЦݣһл
ţһ֣Ȼ䣬ܿһ޴ĿռƾճɽɽϿա
ùڵӰæռѣռڡڼ
Ȼ
ζĵͷӦ
󣬴ŵӷ׷׳ɽռɢıѣԪȡ£ʱͿѷ·һӣû뵽ռУϢʧ
ͬʱѱǰͬһռŴ򿪣УıѴû䵽ϣһʱͱѪɽȥ
ʱ֮ǰͣɱ䣬ٴοʼ
ĳϵ۳Ρ
Ѫǵĳשÿһ鶼ͬĴСȣһɸߣǽʮɡһγǽҪʮſשԴԴϵı¡Ѫۿɼٶȷɱ䡣
ѪǱÿʱÿ̶ÿ춼дĺѪȥ׻ʳУΪʲôԭȥԽʬѪΪ٣Ḷ́ÿ춼ڼ
ֻǣڴ׻ʳŵٶȣѪɱٶȻЩ̫
ڣֱӽ쵽ѩޡһӽС˺ܶࡣ
ɴ˿̣Ѫڷٵ۳ʵʡ½ϣңںϵĳ壬ɱ䡣̣ʵ̫ˡ
ܺãЩڣ˵Ѫǳ۳ʵ壬ҲܽڵĴ׽ڡսĹУܻȡıѣѩ޸Ѫǵı£Բκε⡣
аĵͷ
ֱǲɶõĹ屦ǵˣдð
壬ƺӦñŶԡ
£ΪǱͥӦʱ̣ҲŵʱӦǲѱΪսţڱͥӦ֮ǰ¸ĽռݸơĻܰյƾͻࡣ
ٴ
ڵĻҪǴǾδ̫ϧˡ
׼
׵ͷ˵ſͬʱֱ֣岿䣬ֱӹռÿǧɳǡʱڣս
ɱɱɱ
Ѿڲʺŵ£׷׽٣˷ܵķɱֱŲͬķɱȥ

嫺
֮Уһ溣շȻֳѩĻ档ںǰ
п󲿷϶¶һַŭ֮ɫ
׻ʳδЩ̫ˡ֪Ѿ֣żʱɱҪţȫûн۵ס׼ԡΪˡ
һ巢Ц
ѾֱӱҪ׷ǵͼյǹҪ˱Ŷԣ˵ţԭȵĵ̶Ҫ뿼ǳ塣ӦôһɪɪŶԡ
׻ʳʲô
ô
£׻ѾӦμᣬУӦѾδľƻΣѾǲֻҪȢһλŮǴ׻ʳˣҲͬˣڲսҲ¶ѡ
ةЦ˵
ѹߣΪѡ
˭ĽǮ
˭ļ£


1379 ŭ
ڴףɲ˾֮£ɺԥѡţ׶ŵҰģȻң׻ʣŮԽӴԲһλܵƿصˡ͸һɽаǣ񡣾Ǹڳ֮
˵
Ϊ赣ģǿ壬Ҫ׳ƳʶʱΪܣţ׻ʵǻۣӦ֪ôѡ񡣴ǰɵġκεǰģ۵Ӧò᲻ǣ򣬲Ӧǰμᡣ
ة˵
еǻۣܻ᲻֪ĿģڴӦ󣬼Ѿõͷ׼һ㣬ӹɵġ
Ұ̫󣬱ȷʵһΪѲ壬Ҫ󺣻Ϊң̫£ҪǲϷչ׳ȥ磬ὫضǵԳ
ǿ߿˵
ڱ壬ʼնоһּΪɵǶġ
һBUGȫ޽⣬ɱһңǧǧҡ
ԸǲҪˣһϣħҲҪ˺һ
Ը񣬾͸޴ԭϵĶӲ˶١һǲһǲ
׻ǰμᣬУλŮԸ޸嫺ѯʵ
пܣȻϣܹͨķʽ͸׻ʳڲ֮£ĻǱĬ£ܴﵽĿģսɱȻٺòȻУҪǿŮáﵽĿġ
ŮԸǰ
˵
ӱҲԸ⡣
ӱͬԥ˵
ǿߣ콾˭ڽӴ󣬶ѲģӡȻʮ̣ŮҪѡȻҲѡԼеģ۵ġкʾеٮٮߡ
οһлƿش׻ʳӴ˳
ֶΪء
Ǻǣȵ֮ʱԼջᡣ嫺ЦЦ漴˵Ϣһһ嶼жδػڼį󣬻Ķ壬ҲǵС
ûоãƻʼһԺɨ˷һͳϣΪǣǴŸָ⡣
޶Ϊġ
룬϶֣ͬΪؼ壬ѪѷɫɲҪҪ֣һ־޴鷳ͬСɡ

׻ʳĳ֪ܱڣͬҲ˽⡣жԴ׻ʳĵǸе𾪵ͬʱҲԾη
ʱ̳֣Բǵˣ涼ӡò˵Ǻ顣
֪Уһ˫˫۾ʼѩޡ
Ҫսѩޣᷢʲô
Ȼԣֻڿֶѡڱ˵һơ
С
ͽһֻˮڵϣһ¾ˤ֧飬ķѣΪƬƽʱϲһֻӡ
д̫Ĵ׻ʳȻҶұ֣ͥս岿ʩչ˲̵ɱһĵѶĥ𣬿ɶʵ̫ɶˡ
¶һǿҵķŭеŭ𼸺Ҫֱӽڵһȫȼ
ΪԼûȥ׻ʳѾĶͣû뵽׻ʳ˵ĵΪɱѩޣɱĵ̣ɱɣڴоԼһʹ
׻ʳȥⶪ棬ôûа취ջ
˿̣ڴУȻԿдߴıǿ
ͥĽṹ˳ͬʵΪʵԽǿӵиߵĵλͬʱעѪѪΪѪԽǿʾԽǿͬʱʵҲøǿӵбͨ
ȻǱͥУѪΪһλѪ
ѪԽǿѪģ͸ӾȻȻƣƿء
ͬѪǿʵɱ䡣һɲ䣬ֻҪлԵԳΪǿߡڱ壬ѪһС
ԣģȫǿߡʵģҲзླ硣ҲʿеĽǿߡ
һһ˫ֱ۷·ֻӥצıǿվ˳ӥѪںӥѪ˫ۻΪӥצһԱٶȼ죬ɱ쳣ײУڱУҲǵս
ѪʮǾǣһΪﵽһΣѪݵѪںϣȡӦѪͨõɱ䡣ȻںϣܳһĽޣȻҲʧܵļʣһʧܣҲζţѪܵȾԶʧȥ˼ǿĻᡣ
ԣںѪḶ́ڱУҲһԾŵĻᣬһһܲܳɹ˭
׻ʳѾɱǱͥĵϣңϢѾɽˣǱսʿĵȫ׻ʳߣңѪǸôȥǱľƿǴ֣ӭͷʹ֪ұ壬Ǻǵġ
ӥȻ˵
ѪǱݻ٣Բ¡ǶֻҪڣǱ
Уǿ߷׷׿ͬ
һ㣬ͬͬġ
һ䱻¾ȣģǴ׻ʳԻѵֶΡǱ岻ǰǣ֪Լ󣬻ԻΪˣЩԼʼջšؼ䡣
ԣһδɱս嶼²ɵη
Ҫֲ񻰱ƣƶܵش
ΧɽɽĴսʿȫ׼׻ʳɳǴݻ٣Ѫǣ׻𡣳սȫһΣƴףĲձ
ɫķϺȡȻѾ
սǱͥǿĵ֮һǴڶԸɽţϣһսǬĹЧԴףȴǲòó
׻ʳǣұ岻¡
зŭ
ѪһҪݻ٣ݻ٣Զ޷
ǾһͷȫǱĿǣУζȥ
һ㣬κʿˡ
УǾǲݡ

ͥʱ׻ʳĸŷֱѾѱΪ㣬ɢֻ֮ҪĲ䣬ٷ𹥻
Щ࣬඼ڰ֮£һ֧֧Ĵ׾šûз֮ͻû˿׼£һ䱻׹ơ
ڹƺЩ䲢ûг״ݻ١ڼѱǷԲǧľ룬ٴµɳǡЩ䣬Ժ󶼽ȫµɳǡ


1380 ѪΪ
̶ʱڣƲʮɳʮغĽ򣬳ڣΪ׵һ֡ͬʱѪǵõı׼£ǣѾ׻Ϊʵʣκõ򣬻Ȼһ壬β£ѪڣȫܸܵһԵİȫ
ͬʱѪԭȵó屻ȫܿǱʼţ󣬽ոռݵѩ޽ȫڣң࣬ȫͷſָĽʮУոıٴζʮڡ
Ѫǣһʢ硣
ֱǴûô
Ѫж೤Ǵ׻ʳĽж
еԴȺ˵һ仰
Ѫ֮ľǴ׻ʳĽж
£ڵľֻ±ͥѾõǵ鱨ʼӦݳ̽ĽһЩ䣬Ѿȫ룬ɿճǣԷһǼͻϮ´ԵģпܾǱĴվԣ˵
ͥɵӣȻ׻ʳƵĻᡣв伯ڽҪԵģǱԴԴϵŭԵĴ
ռôһƬѩ֮¸һսĿ֣Ƕԣٺò֮ǰҾѾ˵һսҪǿǣпȫȨȣδʲôıԣǶԼ
ƽ˵
˲ţͻӦ̨ǾʩչȻܻܲȡǾͿǸԵĻᣬܲץסǾͿ
л¡
ȻһЦĲǣȻлд˼͵ƣĪӵкľսʿȫԱŮһԱ˲ӵʮھǰ˺սȻǵѡԣҪٵľǱķˡ˱Ȼ˺սͬ޳㣬ԴԴϣ಻
ƽ֮ɱҴ׸ʵǿҲɻᱻûǵ˺Ƭ˺ԸɳǵҲδֵܹסԣѪΪݣشѪǵļ̱ݣ赲˺սңԻȡĵơ
شǴ׻ʳֺϷ
ѪǵķȫԱ֤İȫڲܣȻòһʮȽĴ򷨡ֻҪóȻͻǲκġ
ҲãشܼҴ׻ʳĽʿʧԽԽá
׵ͷʾͬ
彫ʿȻЩҪĶࡣÿһ޼֮
ңȫѪƽţһ߽ʳϽƬװͼ֮ڡ˵
ѪڴսУȫպıѣóǲţһռݸĵ̣ȻȴȴΪסңƽٶȣδؾͻȥ
οѾΪ׼һݴݴһϲġ
һ졣Ȼȥ
ѪϣһʿȻ
ܿ˿̣ڳǽϿɲֻԸŵĽʿͨʺſٴӾսнٵĽʿ֮࣬Ѿǧ򡣱鲼ǽ
ڳǽϣһѾң˸źâÿһ׳ޱȡװսѻڸÿһξ룬ͻῴսսĲǽʿǸʣװȵȡ
һķըָķ
ЩֱǶൽզĵز
нʿȫսףȫװѩ
˵ЩĻô
ҧվڳǽϣѯʵ
ǵıԣ֮ܲǰȫ룬ȻΪ˻׼Ҵ׷һȭͷҪջȥܸӵ
ƶ˵
ݳõ鱨ܱߣıڿټϡͬʱɽıѾߣǲġֻ£ѾĿ׼ҪȽȥԸɽš
ʱԶ졣
¡¡
ȻѪ⣬ھҺ𶯣·ҵ𣬼ǵضɽҡһɲҵɷ֮糱ˮϯŵģķѩܵ£Ȼ俪ʼ½̹ǡ
ҵĺ·ڡ
Ѫ⣬ѾһƽһƬƽԭشҰȻõսΡ
ս»Ժ׵ĿսǹǶ̱ӣսܶ˭ˡ
ֱӵĹ
쿴ʲô
һǱȻڰеģһսݡĪǣǾǱս
ںУȳֵģȻһ޴ޱȵս
սĴСϸȥ˿ȴ׻ʳκɳҪѷɫ棬Ҳгǽǽϣȫܿսʿһ֣ȻȻľʹݳһεѹ
սϣӥȻ̤ˣֳһԾӨĿӥǣϬޱȣóȻ̲ס۾еһ˿ʹ
һս
пԵͷһ̾
սսϣһµĴɱ
ɱ
ӥѪǣųǽʿһƬ䣬ûκζֱӾ³һɱսĻ
¡¡
ɱһƬ˳ڵƽ߾ͷ𶯡
ˣǱ壬ˡȻ˺ս
һ̣ȫԿսʿڷǰ񱼣ÿһ϶ɢŸָıǰ񱼣һ𣬷·һɰɫˣɽ麣Х㳯Ѫɱ
ô󣬾ˡǱѩˡоȻбѩˣΪʹ
һ޴ޱȣϰɸߵıѩ˳ڱУڴϿ񱼣ǵѪǵĳǽҪߣźսìǰȻֻڵߣÿһ̤ڵϣɢҵĺڴУЩѩ˿Ǿȷ档
ſںΪһɹɱ˪ܱ֮߰ŷѩ
׼
׼
ǹ׼
Ѫϣһ
нʿѾڵһʱ׼ڵһʱ䣬Դ
ͷ
ɣ
˫֣

һϺ
սʿڿУһգۼ䣬ͻΪһ޴ıսһΣСģ߰ʮɸߡ·һˣսϣƺһ㶼ȱѩѷɫ
ʮɸߵĳǽǰ·ײһ
һۡıսʿ׻ΪӺ˵ľ˿񳱡
Ŀ֮£𺳾͸Ӿ޴


1381  
ףⲻǱѧǾȻҵĸʡǵ棬ɳܰȫӦǧСڴϿʼ壬۳սʱһ̹ϳǽȻ̻ʣ𣬿治Ͻšͷĺ
̻սϵĺˡ
ȫڷ
ǵ棬ĵ氡
ң˵ʵо޾衣
̻ʣʲô
ÿ̻ʣоĸζһ¡ʱ˵̻ȥܺҺˣĻ˵ѾˣԴӸȥĴܺǵĹϵվС֮飬ϲּѾ˹ˣ˼Ҳûʲô˵ġ
û뵽ͻȻ
һôǰֵʵ԰ġ
ҪƲЩС͵ףʲô棬ʲô֮һĸлǡ
̻һ˵
ãнʿס䡣
ҵ˶ˣͷ˵ͬʱһʱóһС
ʵϣʿڿ̻ʵʱѾʶĽ˳׷Уò˵ƺѾһһ
һߵͲ
̻ͬʣǲһ΢΢鴤治֪ҪŪʲô۶ӡ
ˣ
סӮ
̻ʷһ߿ź
ʲô
ѪϵĽʿһҡΣûӳǽˤȥҪ𡣻ˡͷ
ɭֵ
лһ
̻ʲЩѾʼעȫУĹע質֮Сֻ˻̶Ѿﵽһ޷ܵĵزʵʹൽ£Ƕûа취ȫָо
ͺǧֻѪ˺ҧһ̫尾ˣǼֱ
ǶˣӲҪ˵Ѫı
һ̻ʵĸ£ɣ޴ıѩ˶ھҡΡˣʱǾ޴ʶһ¶һı顣סʱڿ񱼵Ĵ׷ͣ£ʩչ˶һһ
µǣоʹൽҪңĪģҪ˯
ͬʱУ׵ĳһɫƶ䣬һ״಻սбѩ˵׺ˣбս壬£ķѣɵƻǻԵġ
У̺һֽٵĵϡƻԣǼαڵ
̻ʵĸȻܵл̺ſֲɱ
̻ʺԽԽˣĸȻ󡣻ǿƻҪɳȥȻһѹһǿߡ
˵̻ʵĿһ˿졣
ߵľ֮Ȼ̻ȻԵüΪ˻еУȴʵ飬質ʱޱȵͶ룬ĸõټĹ֮ĸԸʵ˼
̻ҵڵЩֽ֮ȫӳĵ·һƬ̹;ֻϧĸһܹ͵ġֻа͵еС
׵ͷ̻Լ߳ĵ·ôôء
ںʤ
㣬޷
Ʋ㡣
ȷĴ
ŸзʱԿоˣķ·һ£ƾɣͬʱϵޱȾ׼ķʽһδκϣûһյġÿһʱľһս峹׷飬ΪϸСƬսϣɵѣѭ
ƺ̺ĳֲ˼־
·ԣǴԤԳȴͨʮƣңУ̺̻ڵֽ֮
ȥ£
ҵ

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о屻Ϳա
һʱ䣬սһƬҡڵı̶һ㣬·˸䣬嶼·ͿգһʧΣ뵽δйǱûġ·ϵ·һӾͱѹ⣬ȫó
ôô£һëǷùĹôֱд
ӥûڲû뵽ڴҪɱѪʱôһֻëңĸ裬˷ָ
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ܼĽ·һ嫵ӣᴩգÿһڽж̺ˮֽ֮٣һУܹϢĸʴһѪ⡣ңӷԵˮһ㣬޿ײ롣
ۣ
֮꣬ھ׼ļӳ£ÿһʵʵЩսϣͽʳһϸСƬиĴСȫͬġ
бսʿоڵѪҺͻȻڣһӣͳըըҩͰһ㡣ըķǡ
̫бˣ̻Ҫקը찡ǰҪµĶࡣ
ˣǲ˰Щ̺žˮһζ̩ɽһΣԸʴ̻Ҫʵը˰ɡ
ѪϣʿĿãһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˭벻̻γֻôƻֱǶ۵һ򵱹Īһֵǧơ
ңͷ
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ܿսϹ鷢ˡͷ­ӱսʿĲշ𣬷·һεժˡиսʿΪһֻֻһİ죬ڵ߶

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ŸȻܿΪ֮⣬о޴ĳ޴ЩսʿȥһööƳաУһֻµۣһбģͻΪƬ
߲赲
̻ʷһ߿ź
սϣ˲ﵽ¡뵽۷塣գۼ䣬սһƬǽ塣

̻ڳǽϣ棬ڴһģȻոյЩУڵҲһգעе۷֮
ûУǰһе棬
̻ĺ
ȻԼɵƻֵʮ⡣
ЩĹƣһ̣߽⡣һĹƣôȫ̻ʸˡ
ӥֱûڷ޲ý̻˺ƬŽ͹Уúõըϼ顣ͱ̻һƸûˡ


1382 
һȮȻ˶񶾣ҴʩչħħҲӦұͥĲ࣬սʿ޾ɱɱ𡣿ڻ赲
ӥɫࡣ
޵̻ʴܴƣս֮УʿҪһٶ˥ߣѾʿҪ֮úõһƣȻһȮ˷ָķʽһƸ裬׻
ΣȮδĴС
ܻɱǸٴĴۣҪնɱ
ΪˣϧһС
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𶯣ıսʿٴδӵƽϳɱܿĳǵԲǰȻܵСӰ졣
̻ʣĺܺáȥ͡
п̻ʳѵģ׵ͷЦ˵
ô̻ǳһѴ
̫ˣˣҪرͼƬ
̻۾ų̹⣬ٿ˵
ǻһ˿ͣٶûУȻѾ׼ҪʲôѾˡ
ԣЩǲġʱʲô飬ɱû㡣ζĿһ̻ʣȻ˵ĲرͼƬʲôǷҪʼƬǵ飬̻Ȼͺ
ʼ꣬Ϊֹûдͷɲİ
вȥʼ꣬طδеô򵥡˵Ÿӿµʵ˭ʲô
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̻ЦǺǵ˵۾ƺõ⡣
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ͬʱѪǺȻʼţ·һεѪǽǰƶƶķȻ˿գۼ䣬Ϳʼţǽͷ·һƬɽ麣Х㣬ǰһ·ѹƺȱ巢𹥻ȾҪóǽײȥ
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Ѫһţϰƽϰʱսʿͱŵĳǽײϣһɾ޴漴սʿһ¾ͱײķѣûģҲײɣɳ
ô顣ɱǽ׷顣
ӥϺȣɫʮѿ
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ս巢ŭǰץ£ƾ۳һ޴ıìÿһʮɳִޱȣһۿȥ𺳡
Щìһ˿ɶûУۼ䣬ͻΪһ⣬Ѫƿն
ըӣ
һٴ
ڻµͬʱǽϣʿ׷סըԥĳűȥһ˲䣬ҳȥǳɰǧķըһۿȥƿֲ
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һܼĸһıըڷըը˲䣬ľ޾֮Ϊϫսϯȥ
ϫ̺ƻʵֲ̫ˡ֮ԴݻһС
սû
ػ
һϺսϴ
ȻԿµϫУȻ˸һ貵ˮ⡣ƺһ硣磬Ͻ֮ǿ赲⡣ͬʱҲܿнϹâٰţͳ׾ȥκ죬Щʼռᶨļֲ
ֲĺԴԴϵӿ֡
ϫɢʱȻԿѩ˱ɱƬҲܿдսϳָ˿ڣ鲼һȱڣЩȱڣȴԾ˵ٶϻָ
ķըұбػͨΪǿһʩչʮʮǿ»һ˲䣬ըݻٽɱʧءӥ¶֮ɫвٱս峹׽顣սϱ鲼ıѾõļ֤
ػǱ츳֮һ
ңֻҪܹ꣬ȻȻɾѡ
һѣǾӵбĵƣⲻûƵģػÿһʿһֻʩչΣ֮󣬾Ҳ޷ʩչԣ򲻵ѣսʿǲʩչġ
ι󣬾͵ǳ׷ϵһǿĵơ
Ϊػܹǿɵƻ÷
Ҫƣѡ
Ȼ˼岻ս壬ըԴ廹ǵһСĴ۵ֵĶ֡
аԵͷ
ܵסըĺըûио̫˼ʲôġ飬綼ֻᷢ⡣
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³ʦ¶һĨ˼Ҵ㽫ըֳƷףһףףףĽ׷ըԷֱӦεĵ˺
ѾоըǱҪɴ²С
򣬾ͻڵľ棬ԼķȻ𵽹ؼԵãʵʧ档
սΪǶֹͣ
֣Ŀ꣬ɹɱ
ըûӦúһȥ
ʱȴѾõĹԥٿ۶һ㱬ȥ
ϹעԪųָĹâѤ̻鲼սսȥÿһ̺żǿƻ񡣾ʹõսȫǰ׹սƻ̶̳ȣʹøֶ֡
ǹ׼ɱ
ǹУһööӵӹա
飡
ʮֿµĻǰ
ڱսϣܶ൱ͱսǿķɳȥƿֻܴ򡣷ӵ޷
Щ۳ս壬һսֱ׷״ﵽླΡ
ϲս󲽳ɱ
ǿȷʵǿ
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Ѫϣཫʿȴû¶˿ľţս£Ѿͳһޱǿࡣ
飡
޴ȥһ֮£ǰıս壬׷£˲ƬͱķѣΪƬ
ЩԶǰԵĵˡѩޣҪ׹ռֻ²ס
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1383 նɵ
ȷʵһʮֿµ壬Ҫչ۷壬˼ɵһ壬ǿԸӣˣ֮ǿ󣬿ԱأԻս壬޵Уܹѷܣǿ󵽼£Խܹ֮
𣬿ѭϧˣֱ־Լ֮УκεǺεһ塣
ͬСɣԱ壬ؼΪ塣
Ҫƣ졣
ȻѪ׼ɣֱܹıѣɣǶϾ˱ٴܵϣΣͥ׻ʳ֮䣬ǲݵС
ڴ׸ҪһʳѹͥĿռ䡣
ģֻҪ廹飬ǾͱȻѲ˱³壬Ӧôڡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
岻ЩС壬Ҫ׽Ȼǲܵ顣ȻˣһսļѣѾԤȻֻҪѪǲ׳󣬽֮ѩޣȻͥܶܣǰǳע顣˭޷ı䡣ֻҪ֤Ѫǲƻʤڴ׻ʳġ
ಣ
󲻶ϱȥ޴·ìһ㣬ݿࡣ
ͬʱǽһǹַ֣׷׿ʼսǷӵһδγ׼սʿҪȥҪʣȻ۾ܿһööӵ۾䴩ȥǿƻƻԡ
˲䣬ɵıս嵱˫ȣͨͨΪսʿս״̬һ룬ǵҲ޷׵ֵӵĹƬǻ棬ϵĳ֡սϣֳһƬµĻ档
עԪӵƻʼǿ
սʿֱӳܹͬһìǽÿһƻ˿ȷླȫҪѷɫ
Ѫػ
ЩìڳǽʱȻѪУƺһ־ĶϺ
漴ѪֱųһŨµѪ⡣Ѫн֯һѪɫݣգ׽ֻѪɫ⣬ֻѩ֣УȻѪػ֣ͬȴУ䷢𹥻ǿǲġ
طӰ졣ҲѪǵĻ
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սսս
һɱսѪɫлصѪУܿӢ鷢ź󳤳ǡ
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У̺ε־ػ⡣
ҪƿݣԱҪķʮϰٱܴݻ١
ѪػһҪƿô򵥵ġ
ڱϵ˲ϢɢѪǣɢУǿһɢȻ˶Եת䡣
Ĺҧ
䣡
һ޴ıìѪϡ
ԿһۿɼЩɢͺһȪ󣬾ʧȻЩì̺Ϣʧ·𳹵ʧȥӸ߿շ׷׹䣬һεķ֮ӲƬ
Ѫ׽
ԴԴϵĳȡ֮ΪԴȪѪǼͲƣɽ
ìѪϣ޷ƿ磬ڳǽϵĽʿϡֻѪϵѪ΢ɲıðһ˿ְĳ̶ȣǺ۵ġǳǧì׻ʳȣͺʯ󺣡ȫֵһᡣ
ǿķıݣླεĹڱϣȫ޷ƿֻܱȴܹ֣ʲôսô
УѾֶο̽ѩϵĴսĿѪǸֳѪݵĻ棬һ¶֮ɫ
Ѫǣ˵Ǵ׻ʳе֮һһ֣ĿģΪشױ߽ѪǴ׻ʳڣ˭ҪԴײȾҪѪؿϾڲ֮ء
ة࿪˵
ķȻƣʼմڣĻ̫죬ܴڡҪ̫޴󡣡
ƶ˵
ɲķԶĿȥģң϶С
ˣ˵ˣȿ˵
嫺ƽ˵
׻ʳΪؼһ˳ǵһʳٶĵƣǿԽܵģңЩĹ۲죬ڴףʼնһ￴ĸоǶУˣоûпǵƣȫס˭޷лŶٵơ
ߣҪ˵סұ̫ˡ
ӥĿѪݵĳ֣¶һĨ䡣
ľԲܳȥ
κսУֻҪԼȴˣʿճױ
һ㣬ǾԲӲġ
Ȼлɱﵵġ
µսݿɲǺÿģһսսоһֲĴɱһ֣ӵŤתǬսֵǿ
ս׼նɵ
ӥһϺȡ
Ż£ʱͿսʼ⣬սϣصķ˸嫵սдݶţһ𣬳սϿգУȻԿһʮıս֣սϣ鲼صķģճ޾ĵϡԼ֮䣬ܸܵ޷ķâƺʱиһУնһСء
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ֵһɲǣܵУȻ䣬Ƭѩ١¶Ȼ併͡
꣡
ûκγɣڱնɵۿɼٶȷǣÿ䶼ڱǣ˲Ϣ䣬ʹﵽǧɾ޴һۿȥأ·ֱӲգͬһھ񵶣ųѾõķâ
һ·һ˻裬Ѫնȥ
֮رѩǡǿ籩ѩֲܿıѩ籩սһֵ⣬һֵơ
һ޾ѩΪҶ衣
һؽҪɫ
⣬⣬
һ̣վڳǽϵĽʿһ嶼ЩӲﴫݳһ޷ܵĺ⣬ƺҪѪһ⡣
鱦
Ŀãͫʱһ󾫹⣬³һ
սȻܸܵ鱦ϢѾ˷ĲΣ֮ǿȫܸܵڵ̺طϡ
죡
һ쵽˷ָ
ƺռ䶼Ҫᡣ
ӦǿսѾصնѪϡѪݷľһܿµĵâڵ£ˣѪӡڱݱ棬ֱӳֳһı


1384 쾧
Ť
ѪػıڷŤ̺ķâ̫Եˡһ֮£̺Ѫݶ޷ڵһʱȫŲƳȥӲпһѺۣ˺һӡµĵΪѩĳѪǵĳǽŰȥ
ܼıѩ£ܿһʿǵһʱʩչ˻߶սףʩչֶַΣһ̣ıˡţ飬пڣܿľͺǱ쵶иһѪûͱһʱ⡣
һѪ
ֻһɲǼ䣬ǧʿ
ЩʿսżǿΪһ¾ˡһ仰һһ̫Ե
֮ҪһС
ÿµıնɵ
Ŀãͫһһ˵
ѪݶƿⲻѪݲǿ󣬶һٶ̫죬̺ӰԵеı֮ƺܶһУʱնܹ⡣
ѪֹܹͨȫŲƳȥɢѪ֮Уһܵÿһ֣ÿһϣͬġǿѹһѪŲƳȥ࣬ؼǣٶ̫죬ûа취һʱŲƳȥɢȥ
Ҳɣݱս˺пĺ
㹻Ŀ죬㹻ǿֻһ򷨡
ֻƿһѷ죬ûѪػڷӦŨѪתԵı֮ɢͬʱǿ˷ϯǿнնɵӱзٵųȥǿб֮ǰѷ죬ϡ
̼䣬Ѿָ
ȴֱӸǽϵĽʿ޴˺ʿˡ
ȴûýʿ־Ϊһսʿܹսɳ֮ϣһңһõĹޡͬʱܿǵѪȻȻ뵽ѪСѪΪһ壬ǰ󣬽ҪػһƬ
Ѫػ޵УֻҪ㹻ǿǿڹһɲǣ޷ɢȥͿ˺ѽ硣Ʊݡ
ڵҪˡ
ڱնɵٷرսͬʱͻȻ䣬к׵ĳһֻӨذ׵֣˾ޣĶؼһֻ֡
ôôоһּµ
ֻ˿ֻ̣ͻȻսĵǰȻȻסȻսۿɼٶȿСѾССȻ˻ȥ
󵨣˭ڱǰȡ
ӥĿãɫһƬ࣬ؿڶҪױըˡȫû뵽˸ʱȡսοնɵɲǿô򵥣κֻҪһʱͻᱻı֮ױ⣬Ϊ궼ᶳᣬ£ؼǿߣһԣҲԲ
ֲֻսսУһҪļûУֱ˼飬ǿڵֻΪսɱﵡս֮д߶ܷӳǿķâ
Ŀɨա
Ȼ䣬ֻսϿգ׵ģһɽ
һ޴ޱȵıɽ
ڰеıɽǴԶۿһµȻСȱսƺҪ޴̲סǿҵ𺳣ǸоƺһɺӹðѪתüΪѣʱбĿܡ
ձɽ
ѪϣཫͫһֱӷȻһֱܣԺеӡ󣬸ǼΪ̡һ۾ϳ
ѩŮ
Ҳ³һ
ȻԿһ޴ıɽڰգǰձɽ֮ϣ˵λãһд覣ƷĺϣһѩۣȨȣͷڵŮϣٲȻǱѩŮ
ڿѩŮϲû¶־壬һ
ѩŮѾܴ׻ʳ뷷⣬ԼˡԭĵˡȻԵʮɣ¶Ϊڴı顣
ѩŮ˭Աѩoƿűѩ
һ𶥼ǿߡܹ֮ӳԶǿʵ
˿̿ȥУٲȻǿսֻսʼڲϲ𶯣ƺܵĳٻҪַߡϧһ̣һıƾճ֣սǿбסںԡ·һ޴ıʱ
ķ֮ҪʱѹսȻȻơ
ѩ޵ΪĵһжңսҲ⡣ȻԶԱ֣ܶȥǱȻҲ޻˵
ѩŮĮĿһӥ˵
ѩŮ顣
ӥĿãͫѾ³ݡ
ѩŮΪoҲΪΪѩޣΪұ彮ͥˣκoа񡣶ܵѹƣҪұΪУͲƬսϡ
սУâһȻԿһ볤۵Ůӳ֣ȻǱͥĴ˾˿̳ȻѾսУֻǰû¶μѡ
˳oо޴ѹƵģһûо뷷o˳Уʵ˵ѹ£ʮУп߳ɶӲʱʱ̸̿оһɽѹסϢʮѡ
ϧһ㣬ѩŮͬд׻ʳ˱ӣ˿˳սϵʵȫܵӰ죬ѹơ׵ķӳȫʵ
սΪй
ѩŮĿսڼ˵
һڣʹҪս
˾ö˵ˣoΣ뱾Ҫ񡣡
ӥɫ䣬˱նɵ˵Ȼ˱սʲôֱ̫Ϊộ̡
쾧
ӥϺȡ
սٴ𶯣УȻԿս룬һ޴ı˳ĲǱϣȻһö޴ˮöˮУƺܿ޾ķڻƺܿһƬıڱá
ˢˢˢ
һ˲䣬öˮѾʼ⣬ųһ貵⡣ѩ׾ӨЩ⣬ΪһϸСı룬ٳձɽϯȥÿһƹⶼڻΪ롣Ǳ룬ǵأ飬֮࣬ȫﵽһֲ˼ľء
˲Ϣ䣬Ѿձɽȫڡ
ʣһУձɽ̳ѣǧٿף塣
һöΪ쾧
⣬ȻǱǻ롣룬쾧֮Ϊ֮Ϊ쾧覣򷨲֣򷨣ƽݡͨܵһڣΪǳΪ񡣱ʯҪԵ


1385 ƽ 
ͬһ鱦˿̱߶ӳƻӵİԵһ֣սϣɻԵĴûз£ʮϰĴᱻ˲䶴⣬Ѫ⣬ᷢתľ˵ΪµĴɱ
е˼ȻԶ㿪ƿء
ѩŮ¶һĨ
ҪͬƿرնɵһǱ쾧ѹȡû뵽ȴ֣ö쾧еı֮ʮҪƿأΪѡ˲Ϣ䣬ܼ쾧Ѿǰ
⡣
һӱѩŮ³
ˢ
һѩ׵ձɽš
һ


ⱬÿһⶼݳĶǵĺ
£ƺնᣬʱ䶼Ҫʱնᱻ⡣
ĴͨһΪ֮⣬ֳΪµΰǧҲ˲Ϣ֮顣⣬飬ǧǰˢ˹ȥ顣һۿȥѤ⣬ۼ
֮
ս
УЩ쾧ƶٶȣȻЩϣ˸žӨ⣬ñⶼûг׶𵽱á鱦ĹɵƻͬСɡâʮֿ¡
˼
ѩŮĿãö쾧ԽӵĸȤܹõ˵ž޴ĺôԼǿʵ
Щܼ쾧룬ɽ⣬Ȼһ磬޾ıѩձɽⲻ쾧ײһ𣬶ʱͽͱĥʮֳٻ쾧飬߽һơ
ۣ
ţѩŮһϺȡ
¼䣬ȻԿµıɽʼų⣬Ȼ飬ѣţصıѩһų貵Ĺâ뵽һƬС
ԺΪģٻ۹ȥһһ𣬾Ȼ˲Ϣ䣬۳һˮһĹǺǱѩ̨ȻȻ뵽֮С
ڹϣȻֳ׭
ѩŮУٲȻĵ̡ں⣬һȦȦɫı˸ź⣬һöɫǳΧźתţǵڶöǳں⣬öö˲Ϣ䣬оö֮Ǹ֣ÿһöж˸ĺģ֯һƺܸ̺ܵǿƺԴݻһС
ɱ
֮ת䣬Ȼ·һöǰ㣬űսײȥƿʱ֮ǵĴСۿɼٶȷǣ˲Ϣ䣬ѾΪһö޴ǣ֮һУر⣬طѩӡգۼ䣬ɱ䵽ӵбս֮һС
ײͷ·ײһ֮£ҪһС
ƴɱұսû¹˭
ӥзһߣ漴ͿսȻ俪ʼƶȻûжܣǱֱĳö֮ײȥ
飡
ֲĺţͿһನۿɼٶսɢȥ֮սʿ׷ڵһʱ䱻⡣Ǳƿغ֮޷ֵ̺һַı֮
ҵײú֮ǵɳȥͬʱսˡһȫܸܵԺ֮ǵĺжôĿֲ
֮䣬ƺ¡
֮ٴײս˿õٴӭȥ
飡飡飡
һΣ
Σ
Σ
գۼ䣬һδεļײսԿȫһƬǽ壬һֻԵľ󡣶ײʱನսȫ뵽µľصУսʿನб˺飬⣬ǳ䡣
ԴԴϵɢսϡ
Ȼ󣬾ͱѪǺ壬ÿ䣬ÿһשѪȻȻǰţӡ
ӱ濴ۣʵϣÿ䣬ƽʮ֣ƽռݵĽֺֹʮ֡
ƽڲϼ
ֻҪսϻбѣžʼղͣ¡
ȫ֮ܿǰսѾ֪Уȫ뵽׻ʳĽ֮ڡǻ棬ʮ𺳡
ֱڴսвϳɳɱ䡣
飡
ڴսΪҵʱ򣬺ȻԿѩϿգһ貵ıȻţѤ
һɲǼ䣬սڰ
ǳ˵Ѷţȳս
˾̧ۿգ˵ѶȻܻ᲻ʶ
ӥһսͷѪѾŵƤӵˣսͲԭȵսЯĴʧأ̻ʵĸȥдǽϵĽʿɱвڱսѩŮɱʱನɱ
һս֮󣬲ǧսʿɥս
ͬʱǳıѶѪǸˣҪٴܡһˣǾˡһۿ۶ûС
սսڴ˿̣ȫãˣõ𡣲ǵøࡣ

ӥһȻģȴɲòѡˡ
´ʱսʿ糱ˮ㳷ȥûг̫Զʮ֮⣬פǲȥһʱ佫ѪǵĶȫС
£ս㲻ͽˡ
ѩŮһУһ֣ߵǿڱնɵٳǰҲûоܾ鱦ڴУȫԽ˷ḻ̣ǶԶǿߣ콾һȫп˶ס
ȣ׻ʳĵվЩһó鱦ݵ̣Ǵ׻ʳ߱ģ鱦׻ʳУûСǲࡣ
ǵϵĲࡣ
սȴֲȱݡ
ѩޣѩޣǵѵĵ
׵ͷٴ˵
ΪĵȫܸıôĹȣսõ޴ʮĵǡ
ͺһ
ҲǱѩŮ֮ǰӦԭ
еĻûԥٴδ䡣ؼʧȻΪˣǾȫˡ
ǿսȻѩŮƴɱಮٵĵزͨս£սֶΡ
̾
ƻԶڱѪݿǲƵıݣһ̣ɱնɵǿƿʹǧʿѪĲʹѵ
սûв˵ġѪֻҪܹǰţֻҪݻ٣Ǳ壬ҲˡǰսϵııǴơƲɵ
褿˵
˱´ģȻ͡
Ҳ˵


1386 
û˭ãͥ׵ķߣڳˣȻҪѰѪǣѪݣҵԸѩŮİ취ʱһƻһ֮ϣǸӵңӵķ
ʱ򣬲ľսһʼҪֻ¾Ͳô׵顣
ˮڡȻеƣͬһһĵơֻеƱҪڹؼʱ̴ȥһǬá
ȻһЦƽ˵
ͥսѵľǸտʼʱֻ̣ҪɹǸʱ̣Ǵ׻ʳѾӵսֵͲ±жٵĵƣˡ
ѪڣˣڹḶ̌˵ÿ
űѵÿһ̶ǰƽǰƶ
սֻҪ޷ֹǾʧܣһǱƽԨؼǣеѻŻûзǶڱɱﵡ
ãͽǰɽһˣǺε󡣡
׵ͷ
ƬսбѩŮǱк֮ҲҪܵѹƣڣʲô⣬жңҲԿѹ
һսʵѾȣ׼䣬ٵ߸ݸ
ңһսǴ׵ľгҲֻĿģսѾȶȻҪȥ
γͬŮһѩ޵ķ顣ǰſ˳˽һ£ǷܴһЩĸõϢ
֮䣬˵һϵġ
󣬾սڿն𣬷߿գɽڵλöȥ

ɽУͻȻ䣬ۿɨɽţһݣȫɨһȾˡɽУڲϵʩչͨɨ֮ǰսѵĴأҲ׷׿ʼϡѸٻָԭڴս𻵵Ļľ
»֮󣬶ڵһʱٷѿʩչ֮ȻȻľͳɳҶ̣ʻʢһȻģһۿȥűķɡ
٣أƺѾָ
ؼ뵣гһɼϡ
ٱ¶
ɽУշ׷¶֮ɫ
˴ĵ飬ǰûзġ
ôˣɽǰɴûôڿҪӭʲô͡

־ٶһͲͬѰ
Ӧ˲õĹҪǰɽſɼɣܱǷΪͣ϶ݲ򵥣Ͳ֪ĵʲôǿߡ
߸̾ɫ䲻¶һ˿
쿴ʲô
ʲôΪʲôҸоϤ񣬺̫ӣӡ
ҵ찡Ȼǳһ֪ͨܣҸоǳʱЩ˳Ǻεݡĵʲôˡ
ɽɽеշ׷̧ۿȥ
ڿսʱһ¶Ȼ֮ɫŴ;þúϲ£ȫһֳױ𾪵ģ

ɽϿգȻԿǿɽӸ֣ҡһŵӣӭΪĿˣҪȻɽ׼Ͳ֡ӲҪ˵ǽ
Ӵɽеӣӭ׻ʱ¼١
ɷϣӺȻŸķǴվڹ㳡֮ϣ׷ʩݼɽţѾ׻ʳʵڼ֮ͽ̬ȷŵĺܵͣûչֳһȵİϾǵİҲҪԵУǴ׻ʳ֮ͳϽգʮ֮࣬սϣǿдܱͥ
ԴˣٶİͬҪһߣѹĵס
ոսϵϢд￪
ѿαֻΪһɷ򣬴żλӳѣЩӵ⣬񡣡еȻһЦƽ˵
漴ĴܱߵľɫԵͷפأǵ񣬷羰һֶصʡ
Ψһϧǣкܶɽʧȥ˿ϣ·ĳԵǷϲǹڱ˵Ŀ
ĺ˵ɽɽдѹ⣬ڣŴ󲿷޷תڿѾʮأȻʱȥЩпܻܲת޷ֲشǳ顣
һĨ
ϣ֮רŵҪǿ󣬻Ҫ׼
ʮִ̺֮Ȼǿǿаγһݼأֻзˮʦа취ȡ
ӿ˵
ʮ鷳ˮʦʮټɾ͵ģָ£ܲҵһ־޴⡣
֪ûа취ǰγ
пѯʵ
νȻҲһˡ
֮ǰѾ֪ɽŵ鱨δȻ׼
΢Ҫȿ˵챦̺ܣǵСȫںУûſڴģЩҪĿúܵó
ǺãǾ͵˽˵׵ͷ˵
ѣʦûǰ
дϲæ˵
ھץסһݣȻҪεİסϣĽȳЩҪˣſԻָңܹɽøǿ󡣷ӳǿսŹ
еˡ
ӿ࣬Ҳ¶ڴĿ⡣
ĳΪ
ͷ˵
󣬾ӵĴ£ǰסв̽
׻ʣɽѾͤ׼裬ҵһͬǰߺȱġЦ˵дһ˿º͡
ãҪƷƷŵ裬ĺǿ޲ڣлƷòЦ˵
£¶ȷʵǲɶõƷںһ𣬿ԣڸжء
ڼͬɽУѾ棬˿Цŷһ̾Ȼ¶ʮֵϲֻҪɳȻһز
룡
룡
ЦŮһ˾սɷ嶥˵һƽ̨ϣ⴦ƽ̨ϣܿһÿһҫ⡣
Щ룬У·鶯ԶȻɣȴԵʮֵĶ
ͤУֱº
רյŮһĿַĳݣÿǰһɫ衣ӵŨȴŨ壬Ŀ
ò裬治ǹزˣ治֪Уֻж챦ϡز
кһڣһ̾


1387   
׻ʱޣɽЩСС裬׻ʳķȣ֮ȣײٻţ챦ͨѶҲ˾̾ͨ໥棬棬нȻͨѶӰ飬ͨѶĸ档
ЦŸп
ɫ䣬¶ϡ
вزɸ׻ʳȣڴϣž޴Ĳࡣǲͬ˼ײǻۻ𻨣ǸּյĽϣԷĵĽһáӲҪ˵ƷƽֶزſĶſ𣬿ɿɶζɿ
ԶԶġ
һ㣬벻϶С
ЩǴӼڼе֪ġ
Խ֪Ķ࣬ԽǸо׻ʳľ󣬵ǰٷϴˣ죬ÿնڷÿ춼вͬķ֮֡ȣƺѾЩʱﻹʲôԽԡ
һжǲǰֻҪܹ°㹻Ȼķ죬˼ײԲͬĻ𻨣Ҵ׻ʳвѧɸѧɣ칤У۸ֹ˶˲ţ޷ųƷδЩ̫ˡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
ʵϣΪĵģĴڣһԴܹٶͳǺѾ磬ʱ򣬻Կųֻڵ
ܵĽ
һжǱµĹͣǱ΢ĩһ·նһ˳ʮգݹ£ԣ
Ӻڵıʾ塣
˭һϣܷϴ׻ʳĹ˵Ǿһö貵飬Ϊȼһյϣ֮ơΪ֧ھһ
ˣӵѣ֪ܷΪ˵һ˵йŵ顣˵ʵڣ΢ĩֻȴû̫˽⡣ţδͬܶ˽һЩδ˴ദҲҵӦƽ㡣
Ц˵
ţԭеСʲôģӡţžǿ̣ܹѹһĴڣÿһʵʮ־ˣںУЩҲȻõĺô˵鱦ıں֮ǰЩδؾӵС
ȴĴڡ
ֱ仯ֻҪһ룬ס
ԸΪ½ǡ
һȻ
ȻеĻûţȻʹҲûвشĵЩ˵׽Ӵţ֪ͬ
˳ȣȻͬ»˳Ϊ񣬾д¡ϣһ˳Խǿ˳ܳʱԽǰǴͨҲ޷ֱӸ˳תֻʩչֶΣܻ˳֮ɱ沫ɱҪܵķɡ
ӿ˵
˳ȻżΪ̵⡣

׵ͷ˳޵ľˡؼ䣬û˭ܱ˳֮˳İظӵ
֮Ϊ壬򣬳ǣǣʳǣ۳ǣʥǣǣͥͬ޵ˣֻ޵ˡ
һ˵
ˣ˻ν⡣
¶֮ɫɫ
ŮҲ¶֮ɫ飬κʱ򶼿õġͬǺ档
֪ؼ䣬˷Ϊ֣ˣҲ֮Ϊˣ飬ˣϻۣһ𣬾ͻǹˣˣռݵĽж٣ͻӽУؽУˣˣǵˡˡÿӵӵеˣ񣬴һáһȡʲôĳɾͣߵһ߶ȡϢϢءʵϣÿλˡ
ӳ˵Щڴ󲿷ʿ˵һ־޴ء
һ֪ġ
ÿ˵ˣϡԣΪˣ졣ΪΪһˡ
Ӽ˵
ԭˣһ˵յĳɾܴﵽʲôΣܴﵽʲôزҲ֮ϢϢءܶ飬ϾѾע
Сٻ
⻰˵̫ԡʵϡⲢˡҡҡͷƽ˵Ȼ죬ĳɾͣڤڤˣȻ̤֮·Ŵ۸Ļᡣ磬񺣾ʱˣͨǸ˹켣ȫͬһ񺣾Ͼˣᷢı䣬̶ֲͬȵһ㣬񺣾ڵĻйءԽǿԽǿ񶼻̶ֲͬȵı仯Ȼ겻ȣҲɸģУУ۸ˡ
Ϊ磬ǿʵ۸񡣶ʵԽǿţԽǿ˲Ϊʵˡ
ţ۵ľˡ
ŵˣԶŵ𵽾޴ļӳ֣˵һŵˣ񡣻ȡӦͻΪʱøɡ˳
ͺñȣһӣ񣬻ֻнϾ˵ĻҪͻƣȻҪķԶ˵ԴǺŬһܹɹܵõ˵ļӳ֣ȡˣͻʱȡͼεĻͻȻҪӼ򵥣ϵļ˶롣úס
͵ʱ㲻ʲôһﵽߵĲΣҪͻʱܴĺô͸ӵľ޴𵽾صĵλ
˵Уʥ˶ҪˣʱҲҪ̣Ϊľǻˣǿطĸ򣬼ӿٶȣл߲̽Ρлһ
ǲǲ˵ĸԭ
ԭˣˣˣˡ񣬹Ȼԡ
аԵͷһ̾
ЩҪû˵ƵĻֻҪ֪Ҫںܳһʱ֮С
˳񣬻ΪˣؽΪˣƣˡˣŵĸָߡֻǣⲻĽ
ƺָ˵
ˮܸۣؼһԡ
˳ӵˣ
˼૵
㣬뷷Ĺְγһٵ񡣡ܽڿ˵
һ֮䣬ԸˡȻƿˡ
ͺñǲܲ٣κڱƲѵ£а취תţǷ˵ˣϽȻͬĵ·ת൱ɡ


1388 ֮
ȻҪת˳⼸ǲܵ飬ܸģɶൽ٣ȴٵ࣬Ǹ⣬һʼѾȷ⣬ˮͬɲ⡣ؼǣʵжǿǿţ˳˥
Ωʵ㹻ǿѡ
ŻħţΪˣͬһЩɵУḨ޹£ԽŨȻҲо޴ôħ򲻻ЩΪ޲޹£νЩȫڸԸѡ
û˭ǿȡ
ǿΪҲò¡
һϯʤʮ顣Щĳ۽硣
׵ͷҲá
ޡ
ЦЦ˵˳ƷףȻҲƷסΪһǣǣǡǡŸƷסһͣߡ
һţвһЩ񺣾ʿһ´У߲ͼѡʵǿֻСţССɣӰ㡣ʵ㡣
ţда꣬ڶ࣬ͼָ֮ʵѾܹۣܱһӰ
ţӵ괫УҪӵзླǿšſɳ֮Ϊš
ţǧ괫УӵԪǿʵǿӰ۾һ
ţɳ֮Ϊţӵǿߣ񾳣Ѿ̤볤֮šɱ괫СѾš
ţӵ龳ܣɷ컻أһ֮䣬رɫ޹⡣ţֻҪ龳䣬в𡣡
ţλ˵Ĵڣӵе̨ܣ֮ΪʥءŲʵ֮ǿر仯
ţӵ֤ǿߡ֮Ϊʥأϴ̡بŲų档
ţأبŲ࣬𣬵ᡣ
һǵţЩѶϢӶǺڵ˵˳ЩһֳʶѣֻҪţ඼֪ģЩҲûбҪ
У
Ů΢΢һ
ЩŵУѾܸܵǵǿֱ֮ǿֲ˹ϸ˼֣ҪǰǾǵųɵĳֱǻԵġȫ޷ǻʲôĳص򣬶˶߸ı䡣
֪ɽǼš
пӣѯʵҲǰȻѾЩȫӡ޷ײתҪȻԿ࣬ҪɵƻԣȫǻԵġ
ɽΪš
Ц˵
ţѾʸ֮Ϊšò˵ɽŻۺ˵ʲôʱ͵һλ龳ǿߣΪšЩ˭޷Ԥ֪
Ͼؼ䣬ڣںʼʱ̣ҲǵϲΪǿҵʱ̣£֪Ҫ϶ٱʵǲɶõ£Щǿߣֻܳ¶δػԸء
飬ΪȣȫǸơ
š
аԵͷ
˵ɽŵʵȷʵȻҲ޷ֵϮ
ˣ֪֪֪ںʱһߡпѯʵ
ߣô֪ܲ
¶һ˿ɫ˵ǿдˣΪߵݣõˣ䣬ӵ޵ĿܣңӣˣܻȡĻԵԿһǧ⣬ܳΪǿߡԭʱ󡣡
˵ߣҲ¶Ľ֮ɫ
ߣǶһȺ˹ҵĴڣֻҪ⣬ɳȻһǿߡȻһУǶģܲܳΪǿߣ˵Щȫʶ
ɽǷߡ
пѯʵ
ûУ߱ᣬЩŹϷ֣ɽſûа취ȥᣬֻ֣š
źҡҡͷ˵
Ҫߣܶһţͬǿŵˣ໥ģǺô࣬Թ
ǲ֪ӵǷϵܷһЩ顣мʵ
Ī׻ʱ˻֮Уңߣǣ±һλߡӲɵӣеѯʣѾһЩ⣬ĿʱýȻͬ
ҪߵĻǴ׻ʳƬҵҲܹ˵Ĺȥ
ߣҪɾһҵѡǱȽ顣
ȷʵһߣֻҵĸСöߣСñŴߣʲôţΪֹһ֪μѣſһ£ܷ̽鵽һЩϢҺСѾʮ꣬
ƽ˵
ûпڷϣߵݣûбҪһҲԸһֱֺӵɡ
Ļƶ԰æѯһ£ɽֻţϵģ඼ţҲֻһЩЩϵٸߵĻǾΪˡֻһʣҿϣڵʱֵģôҲͨš
ҡҡͷ˵
ֿԲߡֻ˵ѯһ¿
ҵĻã
޷Ϳԡ
Цŵͷ漴һתѲ֪ѩ֮ʲô
ҪռѩޣɽȻǼΪֻ֧֣Ҫܴѩ֮أɽԸܱգԼ׻ʳֻҪռ²ôɡѩ֮ϣвʵǼΪǿ󡣵ı壬Ҳ޷ѹ
ӹϵ˵
ѩϵҲ˽ʬħȣԨΪǽΪҴ׻ʳζ˵
ЩҪɽŵϾ˵˽⣬϶֪ĸ࣬
ԨȲᣬȱСģĿһʮֿ£ʬħ˵ʬħУӵһ֧ʮֿµʬħȫǵǹ룬ˮ֡ɱη塣һпܻ໥ϡʱֻ¾Ҫ鷳ˡ
ӳ˵
忹ôãһǼ򵥵ġ
˭򵥣ʵǿ

˵Ůɽš
ȴ˵ڱͥУնͳһʮֿµĵزѹ˴
ɫļֱҪ
˵ô죬׻ʳڣȫأңѩ޵oȻǴ׻ʳˣ֮ǰѾѩ֮ءԤıնɵߣǿһ鱦Ȼôûˡ˵˵ڸô졣
˵
ɫŲơ
һսʧ̫ˣʵʵڵʧеıȫѪǸˣϡ


1389 ʬ
һսһսûС
ǱնɵƿѪʱԳǽһЩˣʧȣֱ΢

ֱǿѼˡȫûжԱԡ
˵ȥֱǶˣʲô涼ûˡ
Ǳѩʲôʱ裬ֱܴ裬ܴ谡ɱ˭ǶǱη֣ŷɥھȻˡҪǴȥӰ̫ˡһ־޴Ĵ
ڰǰģΪؼ⣬ƿѪǣնɵƿѪݣֻǱǱѩŮߣб쾧ӦҲԶѪݣֻɶƻδ֪ټǱѩŮڣδؾԸ
˾˵Ѫǿվһֽ磬ֻҪҵӦİ취Ӧÿƿ磬ңǱݣǿΣǺģϹȫпýбҵƿķ֮ǰΪ׻ʳսڴսֻʵУѪŵٶȸ졣
ѪɱѣܹѸţǰƽսϣֱһֽ޵еܿ£һ޷ƿѪݣȻֻţһԼĽʳٱ׻ʳ
˳ƻԽԽϾ
пܣΪȫԺѩϣûа취ƿѪݣδؾͲСҼǵãʬħһʮֿµħΪħޣ棬̺ʬ棬Щʬ޿ײ룬ʬ֮УħУֻأ˵ٶȼ죬ңǿʵ֮ãҧֽ硣
ټ̵壬ʬǰᱻһաҧѪټ̣ҲпܱҧһҧѪݣƣе谭ΪУڣȫ׾ٵɱȥûгǽػ׻ʳľӣǱǰ¾ĶвԴȫֵһᡣ
ڴУںѪǽ˵ڵѪͷԱҪӵǰľƣ΢һ顣
ֻҪûѪΪ谭׻ʳľӣԲǱĶ֡ʱ沫ɱ֪ʼնߡ
ںϻѪı彫죬ΪսϵĿ˵
ʬħȺʬɲǺദģҪǺδؾһܹɹ˵󻹻ΪõѡʬȷʵлƿѪǡֻȺʬδؿ׳֡˾˵
ʬħɲЩսֻҪǵͷϣ㹻ǰǲ׳ġ
ʬħǱ߱Ȼа취֤ʬħһᶯģԻԳ֣벻ֶѡڶγ粻˳٣ʱԽ󣬴׻ʳѩ޵ĸͻȹ̣ԶԸΣ֮ڣ׼ΣҪЯ׻ʾʲôֶΡ
Ȼ˵
ǲЩ̫ðˡ
ս˵ȻЩǡ
ϾԵĵǲͬģʵԶǰδе⡣˭޷Ԥսʲôչ
ˣȥɣ죬׻ʳսһ
ϵ˵

ʱȻš
֪УʱѾϢĹȥ
УܿѪٴϰֵķΧӵӴͬʱ֮ϵĽʿԽԽ࣬սҲڵһʱϳǽ
ûκνʿ˿иǿǶѪݶҪ֪ڣѪػѾɢҪ͵Ϯ
ҹǺҹʱ̡
ͻȻ䣬ϢһɫӰӴк׵ð˳УûоκˡܿӰȫںɫУֻȴһֻڵĹӡϸĻӵ״ͷ­ʮơһۿȥ̲סһ˿Թĺ⡣
ȥɣ֪ǵ֡
ֽ⿪ħޣȻԿһħڣţһ·˿ĳӣЩڿζ·ûʵ壬˲۳ʵʣζٶȼ죬գ֮䣬ѾԽƬ롣Ѫ¡
飬ںҹУܿģһƬĺһ£Ͳᷢ
գۼ䣬Ѿǽǰ
ʬ泯ųǽĳ˹ȥſھҧȥǿУƺܿϸܵ˸ź⣬Ŀã
꣡
꣡
ʬҧȥʱ˺ںҹУԵʮ
ʲô
ãǽж쿴ô¡
ЩһʱͱǽϵĽʿ̽鵽һɫ䣬æƵҫ£ܿȫ㣬ޱȡ
ͬܿͷֳǽͻȻһɫĳӣƴʳǽĳ壬ֻǽȷʵʮֵļ̣ˣ챦һºۼʬǰȫԿһשǵĿʳ£ÿӿݡȷʵܵˡ
ܵǿƻ
ֻҪʱ䣬ǽ׿ʳʲô⡣
죬쾯ӣ֪ͨǡ
ڳǽֵصƽһۿ¶֮ɫȻͬѰܿʳǽĹֳ棬ʱζɲ

ܿ쾯ӾѾ죬žӣ˷׷̤ϳǽǵĴûдʼնڹעš
ǽҲٿЩʬ棬ǲ䶯ӰаԷëǿҵĿ־塣
ûûգñ
Ŀã˵
䣡
һ´ʱһ˲ΪһųҵĻ棬ЩʬɱȥҪǳ׷
ֻǣʬϣ·޷ȼյƷһ㷴ӦûУҹʵĿʳǽã󣬺ϯ£Ҳã޷Ǳ⡣ʼڿʳųǽǻ棬ʮֹ졣
Ѫػɣ
ÿ˵
ϣܹѪػǿнЩʬɳȥ
ˢ
ѪѪһȻҪѪػȻڿһɲǣЩʬ·ᵽʲôһֻֻͬʱΪһâǽ֮ڡ
Щʬ·ĳֿ²һ
һӾѪػͻȻʧȥϵ޷޷ת
ãЩֳ澹Ȼ֮УʲôȻԴʵһӱá
¶Ȼ֮ɫ
µǣЩֳ澹ȻӰ쵽ѪǣѪػתҲ˵Ѫ޷ǰĽ磬ڣսϣ޷Ϊ׽ʿڵֹв


1390 Ӣ겻
ɱɱɱ
ȽʿԸѪʬͳǣҰա
ʬѪ֮кͻȻ䣬ڳǽϵĽʿһɱƾճ֣ܿѪڣȻһʿ֣׻ʳսɱĽʿ־۳ѪӢ飬սꡣ
ЩӢֺͻ۳ɾʼЩʬɱ
Ѫڣ·һ硣
꣡
ڳڣܿһʬ浱ѪӢնϽɱȻ䣬ʬʬҲ뵽ѪУΪһשңĳשȫһѪɫĳשʱɱѪͬЩʬҲʮײС
ɱѪӢ궼˺ҧȥЩʬʵ̫ˣѪӢʬǰ˺Ƭ
ǻ棬ʮֲҡ
ѪӢʬѹһ𡣲ײÿʱÿ̶
ѪӢ꣬ǿԭȵս˻ػ־ȻЩӸˡ
ô죬Щʬʵ̫ˣһӵϣɵƻ̫ǿѪӢȻҲ٣ȫ޷ȡ
ڳǽϣཫʿĿóǽһѪӢĻ棬־ĵʹȫǸͬܣ޲ЩɶǵսѣΪ׻ʳѪĽʿսˣҪѪǣػգ־еʹ֪࣬
еŭǿԣȫܽʬ涼ճɻҽ
ԴԴϣӴʬȣѪӢҪռơ
Ȼдʬ汻ɱȴͬѪӢ顣
֪УܿѪӢڿ
׾꣬⣬Ӣ鲻Ӣ겻࣡
ѪӢһ̶ʱͻȻ䣬Ѫдһãź
ɱɱɱ
ţͿѪڣһѪӢƾճ֡һϤٴսϣٴͶ뵽ʬɱСЩȫֱӱʬ˺ѪӢꡣȴһ̣³֡
ô¡
ûпɣСѾЩӸ˺ˣȻ¸ˣѵǲ֮
ҲˣʶսŴ磬ոҲսˣû뵽»ˣ⵽ô¡
ǽϣཫʿ¶֮ɫҪ֪ЩӢкܶ඼Ǳ˴Ϥˣǰʿǽǰû뵽ֻˣʵǲ˼飬̫ˡ
Ѫ֮ڣǴ׽ʿǶԴװգʳػִִѪںϣӢִ꣬Ӣ겻ѪǲӢ棬ӢսɿԿٻָЩʬҪѪ֮ڹƷ߽壬뷨ǳѡ
¶һĨЦݡ
ѪΪǿ֮ȻȻܲ˼Ҳ˵ЩӢǲģִԶɢġʵϣЩսʿĻ飬Ѿֻأתȥˣµľľ԰յػԼǹǿҵս⡣۶ɵĲѪǣƾ
̫ˣԭˣЩѪӢֻҪܹԶ𣬾ͿԴԴϵļսʬٶ࣬Ҳбɱʱ̡ңЩʬ汻ɱ󣬾ȻֱѪǣһѪשͽ͡͵ʴס
һȺĿã϶¶ԵЦݡ
Ǻ£һǴ¡
һѪÿʱÿ̶žͿԿĵ˿̣Ѿڷƽڳǽװ˻һһ㣬ϲ
öȫȱҪѷɫֱŵһٴ͡ʢ޷ܾ
ڳ׽Щʬ֮ǰѪ޷ٿģΨһõģֻѪǱļ̣᲻ɴݣûбݣֻҪֱԱĹսֻ»ἫΪĲҡ
褿˵
ǻۣѾܹԤᷢʲôЩʬǴʲôطģһ㣬˭ܲµõ϶йأսϣȻҲûʲôɲɵ˵ΪĿģֶҲԿ϶ڽʱڣһٳ֣һһĹĶѪǷΪ˴ݻѪǣ᲻ֶΡ
ǳѰ
Ȼһȥѩ޵ĹͻΪ֣Ҫı䣬飬˵Ǿɰܵһս
֪ͨȥнʿӭս׼ѪڵٶȣԲ޶ãһ֡׵ͷ˵
ɫ¶أҲ֪һξؼʱ̡
κεʧ
˿̣Ѫ⣬һɽϣȻԿһսϣӥˣѪǿʼɿƽĻ棬ֱ͸˴һѿ
ѪǺܹ죬ҵʬҲ޷ȫʴ澹ȻоأϢ𣬷ҵʬ治ϳʧһΣҿǳ˴ʬҪȫˡ
ʿ˵
ȻҲûʲô
ʧˣΪѪʬǰԻ˲״ݻ٣õⳤлоĴڣܽʬɱʬʵãھǰȫûκá׵׵ıѹټϲ
ʬƣᱻɱһաɵ˵ôһ˵á
ʵǲҲ̶á
˭뵽׻ʳѪǻԽˣѪǣԽӱݻ٣ݻ٣κԣǼ˵вʬħͬˣǵʬ涼ǽơ
ӥȻ˵
Уֱɱ֮ģ˿ûмӵǿҡ
ʬѪ֮ڣǵѪػѾ޷Ҫռǽھõʱһʬ汻ɱѪݾͻָʱǿɾʹʧһʬĴɢڳӶݣܵӱɱʱ䣬Ϊȡʱ䡣ϣܹסᡣҪȻһսʧܵĿԴ
ʬħǿ߿˵
Ψһİ취
ãԸȥʼǣѪĲݡɱɱɱ
ӥϺȡս˲ϸ߿գһڵһʱʹȥ
ܱսʿۣȵľһ£ʱʼ
¡¡
һʱѪ⣬ھҺ𶯣·ҵ𣬼ǵضɽҡһɲҵɷ֮糱ˮϯŵģķѩܵ£Ȼ俪ʼ½̹ǡлɱ
ҵĺ·ڡ
Ҫ֪οɲһƽƽԭشһƬɽĵش
һսʿڿУֱӴһɽԾһɽ


1391 ս
·һֻֻ͵Գ
սԾÿ䣬Խ˴Ƭ룬һۿȥ飬ǵصĳսϡ
ͷ
ɣ
˫֣

һźСսʿڿУһգۼ䣬ͻΪһ޴ıսһΣСģ߰ʮɸߡ·һˣɢҰƣĿã̲סԺȻоһϢ
Ǳ壬ǹȻˣң࣬𹥻Ƹӿ£ǲݣȫƴ۵ķ𹥻ʱ֣Ѫ޷ʩչػݶҪô˻ᣬƳǡ
ԲǳɹһΣΣҪ
ǽϣʿĿãаȻ֪һսٵΪѵһսܲס˭֪ǵصĵоȫһֿüѹѹ벻𺳶ѡ
׼
׼
ǹ׼
Ѫϣһ
нʿѾڵһʱ׼ڵһʱ䣬ԴȻ𺳣ս⣬ʼûһη壬սⰺսɱϲ
Ϊ˷ǿķǽϣѾ˴ĴЩĹӰԵ۳ս壬ɾ޴ɱ
ǿƻԱǿ
̻أ̻ʽйɣ̻ʵȫԽѹȥջǿսͻȻ˵
Ȼ̻ʱʮֲףǸӲǴ͵ģǣսϣ̻ʼֱǺܲ޴ɾ˵Чһ㣬ǰѾ֤ǲˣ˲á̫ǿˡսɱ
ˣ̻ѾŻǰɽšӣп;ˣԼѩ棬Ҫֻб²
ҡҡͷ˵
̻һЩʱôףҪҵԲܣһ׵顣Ҳ̫ڴ
Ȼû̻ʣҲûеƣȻҪսǾǿǴ׻ʳʵ˫̽Žǰt̨սġΪҴ׽ʿ޹
Ȼ˵˫ŷɣҧλɶǾĴ󽫡ÿһ򲻵֮¡ˡ֮ǿ
ã
ã
ͬʱڴӦ
ţͿٵϲt̨
ǲt̨ϣȻԿһ޴սģսò֪Ƥ죬ͨɢһֲãϢƺʮֵĻ
һսģΪҴ׽ʿ
ŷɿ췢һЦͻȻϵսףһѳ·¶һʵļҪըļ⣬ɢڵĹâؼ䣬鳡Ϻ硣
ˣһñ˵лĿã˵Ѿﵽ׼£ʱпܽؽףΪһ鱦Ҫ鱦ǿɶƿزסˡ
ҧҲЦ
һ𣬺ȻѪģͥսսڸͥͬ䵽˴׻ʳУΪ׾еһ֮һ£ûжùȫǵѹ׵ĵƣɱﵡ
һսĴɱ
˶һۣ׷鳡ӣصĳսôȥ
ˣ
޴սս
ÿһôȥܿսϣ˸ޣޣŭսУֱӳ˷ϯȥ
ΪһŨѪ⡣
бѪ⸲ǵĴ׽ʿ˭ʲôΪһ̣Ϣǣ˲񱩣·սһӾͱһءֱӱ
Ѫģô£ܷսγѪ䣬ʩнʿϣѪǣ˲ڣͬõ޼ӳ֡ǿսֱһɡѪ£ηսⰺ
ͺһȫ뵽ȵС
ңӰ쵽ǣӰ쵽ս
սϣһսֲ࣬췭ظĸı䡣ǲ˼飬޷
ս
ѪġڻƽһƷʱһɣƷʱɡƷʱǾųɡﵽһʱͽ챦һƷʱٴһɡǾһһ
˿̵Ѫģ׾Ʒﵽ۷塣ѾҪﵽ
սϣǶôµ
һս֣ӲҪ˵ǽȫҪѹһսۡսһ֣ȫǴݿġԸıս֡
ǵ꣬Ϊ˶Ը׻ʳķռ޾Ѫ޻꣬ѪУսĵɱ䣬껹ûôǿ䵽׻ʳк󣬸Ƿͽˣ޺ޣ£ܴﵽһֻҪؽףΪ鱦ѾһľѪ޻ģҪѪѪ
ˣѪսϵã˿κ鱦ѷɫ죬
ΪһսĴɱ
ÿһʿܵڱǵ
ǿѪҺڷڣսڱǡ
һеĸӵǿҡ
ǿѪģȻǿʵ̫˼ˡ
ſ̾
ಣ
ûκγɣһʿսĽڱǵעսУעսУһȥÿһսϣƺһŨѪ⣬Ŀã𺳡ԶеҪǿĶࡣ
飡
ȫԿһսս֮£Ȼ˲䶴ؿһ䴩Ѫĵļӳ£ƻ˲ͱˡ
ಣ
ϵĳսϡ
ܼսһ貵⣬ıȥ
еսΪƿǿķõģȫƼ׼ϱǵʵһ˲ʹ˱һֲȫû뵽ᷢ
ôսģȻЩսʿʵ
սҪǱУǿս޲ʤ޲ˡûκұͥķչ׳󡣡
սϣӥ¶޾̰ǱսβҪõζ밡
ͬʱ彫ʿķų֡
һ޴ıսì㻮Ƴգٳųǽϯȥ
ȫһУôµĺ
䣡䣡䣡
һϺУ޴ڰЩìײд죬ͬʱ޴ƻ
ֻǣܼıìкܴڳǽϿա
ܣ
ֳ־޶ܿǰÿһ࣬ɢɽƣϣ˸


1392 ѩ

ȫƵģƣ԰Ϊ֣ЩǰľģõǷΪ˵ѪƸ졣
ѪƸֲıģ¯ͭȴںһһȫ±ģˣһ̺ȻѪɫЩܾǿĴԣԪĹע𵽾޴
ƶƣͬǼΪĲϡ
ѪƸֵģȫͨĲϣһ󣬾ͻ˵ĻѧӦѪƸ֣Ʒ״ﵽ׼ƷһϣѾʮֵ׿ңǿԲֻҪԴԴϵӦϣͿԿѪƸ֡
³ʦǵУѪƸֵƷȻףؽױġ
ѪƸֵĺϳط޼֮һͱ¼ؾУһǲܲ鿴ġȫԵ׻ʳһزԴ
ڽʿеĶƣȫѪƸ죬ַģңһַƣΪĽȥ󣬶ʱЩƵķһǿķƣֽƣҲƽʮɷƽķΧ֮ڡ
һ㣬ƽķ編һԣŵɷƣǷΧ֮ڡ
ͻƾŵﵽʮǾͽΣΣҪﵽʮɷԲҲ˵ҪʮɷƣǷ۷塣
ȻʮƣɷԱ򷨹һΪһ壬ɱһĽƣǾǵɷתΪƣƣʵһ鱦ȻһƽģǺ鱦Ҳ鱦֮ڣ˶٣Ψ϶ѡ
ʮơÿһƣζ鱦췭ظɱ䣬̺طǿҲ˵ƽһԣﵽʮ㣬鱦ļ¡Ҳ鱦ķΧԽʮƣȻȻΪȻӲ˼顣
ȻЩƲܴﵽָ߶ȡڷУ̺ŵɷƽļƷȡΪƣˡ
˿̴߶ȻԿһӶ˸ڱγһ᲻ɴݵķݡ
һһֱӻΪһĶǽ
еĽڵԪעС

ìǽײһ𣬿ֱֲӱöϣⱬ䣬һڶڵԪĹעУֻìе̫ǿЩֵ˳ȥֻìûƿǽ
Ѫ£һʵֱǣǵȫǱս巢ıìҲܹסֻԵЩѣȫܿڽϣһӣˣסƵֱ۶һƬ
֪ж
ѩѩѩ
սϣһսſڷźһڳǧ
أ
ǺͬʱͿУһѩ׵ƲƾγɣЩƲתΪһֿµı۵龰Ʋѹüͣ˴޴ѹУһ˿
Ĵѩǽٵٶȣ쵽˸о˼顣ÿһѩȭͷС
ŷµķ籩١ѩֲĴѩֱҪڵһߣ˲ϢͽرɫѩƮ䣬أǻ棬·ֲ豩ꡣѩ١ܱߵٴ轵͵һܶɱ
ͨ춳شѩ֣
ѩǵصϯЩѩֱ޿ײ룬˲Ѫ֮ϣսʿ߶Ĵѩ֣ԵĴͨ
ЩѩҪЩѩ
Ŀãɫ΢΢һ䣬Ըоһǿ׵ΣϢЩѩУ̺в
ƣ
ü䣬еѩȳǰ˳ȥ
һӣʱһɹɿ
磬Ƕ硣
ɶһѩҪѩӳǽϴߣڶУܸоһǿҵ̺֮սķâǿԭȵĿһٲȻӿֲķͬ񺿡
ɶĿ죬սսʿĴѩԣʵЩ̫۵һ㡣
Ȼͣȴʼ޷赲
һƬƬѩƮ䣬ǽϵĴ׽ʿ
ʿһʱ߶սףͷųһͨ
ţһֿµĻˡ
ѩƮƮڻϣһ룬ͿЩĹֽ磬ѩһɲǼ䣬ѩʧˣ־ͱһֱӽʿһӱ档ңţѩƮ䣬ĺڲϼӺӡ
ʼʼһӡȥӺӵٶȣʮ־ˣѩ棬ýٶȫۿԿõġ
Ҫнʿױ⡣һ
һ̣Ľʿֹǳǧ򡣼ֱʮǼʮ
ѩƮ䡣
Щѩ̺ſµʲôֻҪͻȫûκεԣǻ棬һ֣ѩ涼˲Ϩ𡣿֪ѩ̺ıѩ֮жô¡
죬Ľʿȥֱӽ⿪⣬ǻоȡ
⺮ʮֿ£׽ʿҲߣΪʿûôױֻҪܼʱȻԻָȻǰܹɢ
⺮̫ԵĽʿȫһ
ѩͬСɣʿǸ޷ڱѩսѪļӳ֣Ҳ޷ֵҿѻųսǵĽʿȻء
褿˵
¶ԥõʱһ֣ΪĿľͻ᲻ڡԵЩԾ
ˣ
˿ֻ̣ڲt̨ϣŷ޶սĵĽøӵļ١
һźսսϴ
սսս
ս˿³У̺ޱŨҵս⡣лص·ըһ㡣쳹ķ
ǽϣʿһԹս˲䱬
ڼܵĴѪҺӿֳһѪԣս⡣һѪɫѪë緢Ѫ·һ¯ɢĳ֮
εѪѪĵļӳ£̼£˲䱻ȼ
ΪģΪĹѪ;
ҰףԹŲ衣
ͷɶϣѪһսݣ
ոֵʮţĲݡ
ŷźҧ˫ŭǵ·𳹵뵽ѪУսǵźŸ߿ս⡣ϯս
ʿͬĸŸ߳ս衣ȼ¯һѪս⣬ԴԴϵȼϡ


1393 Ѫս
ͣ
һƬƬѩϣڴ˿̣û䵽ʱѾɢѪ¯סײһ𣬷·ˮ̵͹֮һҵֱγһѩ׵·ˮһӲѪɡ
ֻУڽʿǱѪŲСģֻģѪĵ£߶£ѪԴԴϵ뵽սУӵĳҿ񱩡
ɱɱɱ
޿ǿжյǹն׵ǹΪ¾ǹħҡ
ǧﲻҵ׹Ⱦ񷡣ΪʣԸ顣
Ϊ˽ܣΪۣҲ꣬ս
ǧЦѪ̤׹꣬УɱаĲ͡гݺޣҵС
սڷѪĹĵ㣬սɶ·սںһ𣬸ӵļӵѪ񱩵Ѫڳǽϣ·һȵĺ¯Ĵѩ޷£ڰУͱѪɡ
ಣ
ܼսϱȥÿһ˸貵⣬ŨŨս⣬ƺƿһУһеˡһսܼļжӲɸӣըƬЩսҪֱӽ壬ɽ֮󣬸޷ֵܼļꡣ
һ壬
ֻЩѾȫᵹȥսѣǰսѵȥ󣬺̤ŶԷʬ壬ǰ񱼣ĿֻһǾɱϳǽƳǡΪˣǸٴĴۣҲһֵá
ȻѪΪ棬ֵѩеĺȻ˲ã壬Ҫǳɳǻˡ뽫ѪǴ
ӥɫ䡣ĿóǽϵĽʿѪѪ֮赲ѩ֮ʱеɱӵŨҡԲκ⡣
尡
ɱϳǽȥ֪ǱǿǱǿ塣
ǱηֻǱøǿһңǧǧҡ
ıսʿ糱ˮϯηܼļ꣬ǰ̣ԴԴϣԾ˵ٶȱƽѪǣЩսʿ۳ս߼ѪҪݣһԾܳϳǽգۼ䣬Ѿڳǽ¡
ڴﵽ־󣬹ȫ
Ասľ壬һڳǽǰҪȭͳųǽϵĽʿ˹ȥһȭͷȥʮֲֿ׼һʱ䵲ǰ棬ƣסһɲסˡֶˣһӳǽϱɳȥľ档֪Щս屬жǿ
׵ĽʿǳԸɷġ
ۣ
Щսһǽʱһǹ㶴ͬԵ̴ǶࡣҪ˲̳ɴһھ˵ľ£顣ڳǽ£ΪƬɱѣڵһʱͱѪǺɽȥ
ǽ𶯣ǰƽһһƬͼ֮ڡ
д׽ʿ޴ıìƿ޴ıìһìȥһĴ󶴡شֱӱƬ漫Ϊңʮֿɲ
ǣʵֱ̫࣬ǰ̣ԴԴϳ嵽ǽǮ𹥻
ը׼ӣݺݵըǡ
һָţһööըĳųǽȥ
¡¡
ըͬʱըֲ֮սֽȥܶսػ˲ͱ˺ƬЩػҲ޷ٶֻܱҪӱը֧ŹȥĵȴһΨһһλᡣ
ң
սһʼͽ뵽Ȼľءÿʱÿ̶дıսʿ䣬Ҳд彫ʿȥѪȾ˳ǽĴĿġ
ǽÿһʿǾÿһǴʬɽѪɱսʿѪĵ£ǺηΪս
ɱ۾գһ¡ս뵽ޱȲҵľء
˿̣ɽС
һƾȻȻĽ˿Ѫսĳǰ
ӵʿŴͣǣҲûĿù˲Һƴս֮ǰ󷨶Կͥľٶûߵ棬ɱĵزȻԶԶûǰô𺳡
֮䣬޾Ѫ
ǽһ㣬ѹ
׻ʱ£ĲҪشףսôһսѾԶŭȫսƳǣĲݡôȥֻ»ءУոЩʬ棬ʬħֱۣ֪ʬħһħΪħޣʬ档ʮֿ¡
ӿ˵
һսӰ̫ѩ޵ľƣһսǬʤʱ̡
ãѪѾȫңĺ;ʦѾسǣ֣Ӧһо棬ܷʲôӦԡЩʱǶȥԡһϸľֵܹ˲㹻ʩչ̨ڣƬսʩչ̨
һƽ˵
ܼ꣬ʺ硣еĴѾȫУȥȣãǵ顣
Ҫģֻڹؼʱ̰ѿһ·ѡ
οҲƶڵľƣûǵƿ֮ڡսûвѪ˵ģֻǾܵˣѪѪУܴǿߡսʿ
ûжȵţж¶裬Ĺۿš
ʱΪҪһѪ֮ġ
ɱɱɱ
ûκͷнʿսϣԺΨһֵľɱϵĽǰĵնɱбսʿǽ׽ʿӲȥԴԴϵźıѣѪÿʱÿ̶ƽÿһ̣ڽսš
ʼûñɱϳǽ
ЩõǴʿǵѪ⻻ȡġ
ɱֻҪ֧ŵѪӢɱЩʬ棬ʤǵġ
סͿҪЩʬɱˣѪػֻҪǾӮ
һʿһɱһ߷ź໥
ըǸҪǮһƴ˳ȥһսֱһսһʼͼΪĲңһսһʱ߶ܿʼ΢΢סѾ
ʬҪ˴ˣҪòѪǣǱͲˡ
ʬħǿͻȻ˵
ģѪǣղҲҪơԳ֡
ʱֻУһӾ޴ıսսٲȻǱǣͬԸնУؾǣվսվߴ


1394 Ѳ
ɫĿսɫʮѿҲû뵽ѪǻԹƣڳǽϵ彫ʿǿ˵ʮֵǿѪĵļӳ£ȫǺηη壬иսս뽺š
ˣⳡսĽ־ע
ΣܿѪ»ָٴοѪݣһˣҪٴƿݣҪѵĴۣǾʵ̫ˣҲûа취ܵĵز
׼ô
˾ѯʵ
񣬴һߣѪûбݣǾֱԱսǿѹȥƿǽôռѪǡ
ԥ˵İ취ôҰôҰԵμֱӾ
ڴ׻ʳǱߣӦûһoڰУ֮ǰûг֣϶űսĳ֣һսoһĻֻظ֮ǰľ棬ֲ£ȫ޼¡ԴĿġ
˾˵
ս֮ǰûжΪľеo
ǳ֣ǣסoԳ֣ѪǷ𹥻ǰҪһսɣǬϵĿ˵
ңϣھͳ֡
ã
ӥĴӦ
¡¡
һԵıս˲ڿն𣬳սϡһεѹ糱ˮϯս
սǱսսȻֻˣãûѪػôԸսս̺ʵ̫ǿˡ
ѪϣʿĿսĳ֣һɫ䣬սɱĿùһβܣɵƻսġ
һӿֳǡ
赣ģбսǴҲûеơ
Ц˵
Ȼһ£ͿУӿһ޴ıɽڰգǰձɽ֮ϣ˵λãһд覣ƷĺϣһѩۣȨȣͷڵŮϣٲȻǱѩŮ
֮ǰˣλҳ֣Ǿͳ£й
ѩŮսһĻ
նɵһ
ӥѩŮǾǳмҪһϺȡ
붼룬ʹ߶սУȻԿս룬һ޴ı˳ˣ쾧˸⡣ڱá
ˢˢˢ
һ˲䣬쾧оųһ貵⡣ѩ׾ӨЩ⣬ΪһϸСı룬ٳձɽϯȥÿһƹⶼڻΪ롣Ǳ룬ǵأ顣
ѩ籩
ѩŮȨһӣѩΪµķ籩ձɽ⣬гЩϯȥ

ײ䣬ҵ
һ֣ɱУ֮ǰѾ̽׸Եʵּ䣬˲ͽȻС
¡¡
ڱѩŮսսһʱͻȻ䣬һɸӿֲѹ糱ˮϯսϣУȻֳһȻ
·һ˿ڵľ޳ǡ
У
һɲǣǽཫʿҲɵһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ôһս⣬һվ޳ǡ
ô󣬱֮ǰıսҪ޴ɢҪ£϶ӿֲսҪεֵڡ
ܶཫʿӿֳһ
Ըıս֡
ȵĴֻϹˡ޳ǣ⣬ӦþǱͥǣ棬飬йơһӦҲС
ڼ֪ʱڳǽϣߣųǣûеǣ¶һ˿Цݡ
⣬Ӧþǣι㡣ѩޣһս֮󣬾ͿԳ׳Ϊֻ֡ҪñͥԪû뵽ĻᡣãݴӦһλ㹻ܲΪġ
Цҡҡȣ׵ͷ
ˣ̫óˡ
֪ͨȥ½Զˡ
оһܳκβ
ûԥͿڿ´
ˢ
´ʱͿУһ貵߲ʺӶ߿ƿն·һɲǼ䣬Խصľ롣սϿգΪ޴Ĳʺ硣Ѥޱߡ
ôĲʺ硣
бսʿ̧ۿȥһૡȻ貵Ĳʺ磬ǻǵһο
ƣ
Ųʺ֣ȻԿһӲʺзɳһ˺ʯХ䣬һֻֻ˶Ľɫݡ
ǽ۾ţ
׽ʿȴ֪ʲôԼĿ۾š
һֻֻѾɳſκһֻ߰׾޴գһŽɫơܹڵ¡
Щ۾ųֺ󣬽ľٶ׽
Ȼһ͵ӣֱո򣬸䣬£ϸȥȴκεǡ
ӣ׻ʳŪһЩʲô
Ҳ΢΢üԲ²⣬ǲЩ̺ʲôͨĳ󷨣󷨣̹Ǿսֵ
Ȳʲôʱͷ֣ǲʺϹâһ
һ֧ƾճա
ɣ
ǳʱһʮѻѾСЩѻȻԿÿһֻѻ˶ޱȣſ߰׿µᣬֳںɫЩѻϣһɫս׵ѻʿ
Ϊ׵¹ӢһӢˬӢˡ
ѻ󣡣
¹Ӣսкԥһ
¼䣬һɫͼշ𡣳ѻϿգͼУȻԿһĴֻܿԵʮðʱ
ʮѻͼ󣬶ʱ˷ܵѻţ׷׳ͼ˽ȥ
ŻѻԴԴϵ¡
õͼۿɼٶȿʼۡ
õǲϵ黯ʵԽԽ
ɢĻԽԽңһֻֻѻϣͬʱУһɹ̫֮ԴԴϵĴдݶ뵽УӵĳңɢĻ治ϸǡ
̫øӳҡ
ǳֳһֽɫԵøӵ󣬸ӵϡ
䡣սУһյȻ
죡
¹ӢĻзҲһ̣˲䱬
⣬ǵصĽ糱ˮϯȥѩ޸ǹȥ
ͬʱ۾ľͬʱԡڽУ䷴䵹ӳһӣУǧֲѩޡ
·ðһƬɵ֡


1395 Ϲӱ
֣ȼŽɫ۳֡鲼ѩաѩϿգƲ㶼ɢһագһӾͳױȡɫĹâѩޡǻ棬ڴ׻ʳཫʿУһʮ澰
ڱУǼֱؼµľجΣجΡ
ҵ۾
۾Ҫϣ̫𡣡
ˣҵ۾ôôҵ۾Ϲˡ
սһƬ
˭û뵽ڰеų̫Щ̫𲢲ʮֵľֱ̫޷ıġ̫𣬾㡣
һ£ڰ죬ǶǾܵĶ̫̫Բۿ̫ʱһΣҲһο̫
ֱ仯ʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ͻȻȫûа취ܡ
Կսϣսʿ׷ױ˫ۣҽУУðɫĻ棬һʱͽһ˫۾ǿзյȼǾ󣬸Ĳһһ˲䱻ȼգۼ䣬ͷճɻҽ۾ΪĲ֮һһʹӲҪ˵лзա
ʹ࣬Ըӣ޷ĵز
ʹ衣
ս׷׽壬ɢսϣ۾ʹİֻһЩʶ۾㿪ģѡЩָٵ
һԣ󲿷ֱ嶼ŷֽ⣬ΪѣһͳıˣԴ
ѪǰһΪѣǼӴ򹷣ȥ޻ء
Ȼͷų̫𡣱۾Ϲˡ
ͬס۾ҵʹȫû뵽ᷢչһԤϲ׻ʳȻͷų̫ؼǣ׻ʳô֪Ǳӵһ㡣
ıı׻ʳѾ֪ǵ㣬ȴɫû¶ֺרŵȵұڳµʱ򣬲չ¶Ҫɱҵȡ
˾ͬˣȽϽӦ죬ʶıۣ۱סˣûб̫ȼգҲֱӱ˶ʹ࣬ȫյҪѷɫ
սϣѩ֮ϣбסĵطĲҽȻкܶ໹ھס֮ڣûбһʧأɵƻֻһ˲䡣ѩ֮ϣ̫۾Ϲӵıʮ֮ࡣ֪Ƕôµѡ
ڱ˵ѡ
ս߲жһƬ
Ȼʿ˵۾ΨһԿý飬Ҫԣ˿žصĵλһȺϹҪ׻ʳɱǼֱ
еϹӶä
۾һϹս˲һˡ
Ա˵ǻԵġ
ûʲôǱҪҵġ
ɽС
һȺʿŴͣö޷ӦУȫȡ⻭棬ʵֲ̫ˣ̫˼ˡҪĿãֻû˭һС
ǲ˼飬Ȼһû뵽лȻս۳ң̫ȻŨȴ̫ټЩӣֱ֮ʣһͨľӣȻԲ˿µãɱ
һ¶ɫ
Ϊѩϣ׻ʳ֮ͥ䣬쳣Ϊ־սû뵽սոտʼѾ
һͬĴ̿ͣѣһ־һ
ͥȻôˣܵ˳ס
ʿҲһָӵĿ⿴С
̫㣬ȷʵǸ֪ģֻ㣬̫£ֻҪ˫ֱ̫ͿԣЩ̫Ϲ۾ģָġõңһȻ˭ġ
սֵİգʱİѿأǶ۷塣
˻ˣ޷ﵽЧ
ʺţڷųľӣսʿĿ⣬ٵ棬ֻһ˲䣬ױеЧӵ¡
úݰֶΣǹ壬һѩϵıǳײˡսʡѩҲΪ׵Ľ򡣡
嫺У嫺¶һ˿֮̾ɫ
ֻǣܿһŨŨļɵ
ѩޣһƬ޻о޴½أȻɵľͱУٶȣʵǺܿ£޷ƵĻɳȥ˭޷ԤϻʲôĿ¾ޡ
һս󣬼澵ӣȻ˵ز˲ãǻۣͬСɣץסһ˿תʤ֡Σ׻ʳʵֽǡ
ةҲ̾
ǡ
ڰйעսĸ壬ǵʧ˭벻ᷢ˵߸Եĸı䣬ȷʵԤϡ
˭ûԤϵӦüҵҵսַʽʤ
ȻҲԴ׻ʳļɵȻѾ׼䣬Բ׻ʳжԣûоԵİ֮ǰκβõľٶ
ܶʿĿⶼһ˿
ڸոպεȵ绪սⰺתۼ䣬Ϲӱߡ
幷ƴˡɱ
ǻˣҲùһͬھɡ
Ҫһ
һսʿױϹӺȫһŨҵķŭȡЩѪǵıսʿһľȻһļᶨ
ĳѪǷĳ˹ȥųǽײȥ
ײһɲǣУֳ⣬ǿһ̣׿񱩣һӾͱըˣڵʮıѪϣƺҪѪֱײ顣
ˢ
ϧʯٵľٶûжѪǲκˣΪײǰһ̣һѪɫ´ӳųأѪػѪɫݡ
ڵʬѾ׽ȻѪػ¿
һսʿʯƻ˿ûжѪݲвֻǼһ΢ѡ׾ͱס
ɱ
һȣ˵
ûΪǵ۾ѾϹκεս֮ϣûκôпᡣ


һ̣һŭĿЦսЦЦĿɲǺȻǱվ֮ϣЦֻնͫУѪᡣЦļҪˤȥ
һʱ䣬ע⡣
û뵽ұͥȻôˡİİͣЦ¶֮ɫǰâһٲȻһֻ


1396 
۾һֻ۾
һֻȫˮɵһֻۡǱͥ졣ͥ־۵ͥˡ
Ǳ˵Ǳ顣
嵱꽨ۼʱ۳飬۾
ǵ۾ͬΪݵҲ۾ڿʱƳһֻ۾ֻ۾˵Աȡһֻ۾챦ΪļȡΪۡ
Ǿ̫ͬҲ̫
ǲֱӹۿֻ̫˵ʱٽǰŻ̧ۿ̫ǵһο̫Ҳһο̫е
ԣȡΪۡ
ڴһ죬پ̫
ڴţۣԻΪ̫ΪǱԼ̫ܹҪ»ջ۾ϹӡֻϧϣԶʵˡ
ˣö۳ֵ˲䣬Ҳܸо̺ʮֿ£ͥһŦ
ᣬ֮ͥԸ꣬ԸԱͥ˹£һУ׼ۣԽΪý飬䣬׻ʳаգÿ磬ܽڷ֮ࡣ˳˺ޣײ
췢ź
ѾˣȫںҪеһУȥ䣬Ϊ䣬ڴ׻ʳͷô׳ܣֹ䡣
Ը꣬׼ۣ䣬׻ʳգÿ磬ܽڷ֮࣬˳˺ޣײ
һ̣ĿñľٶսϣϹӵıսʿԥĿʼ׼һŲʣ޾Թŭ
ϹˣսϣѾûеڶѡֻҪܸõķӳã׻ʳشǸĴۣͬϧ壬û̫ںҲҪִ޴ش
ĻԼġ
ͷ£սϣսʿ׷׺ԥĳŽ׼
۱Ǳͥڤڤоһֲ˼ϵһ׼׾Ϳɡ
ã
ɽţһɵĿһĻɫҲʱ䣬аԽһã붼룬һ䣬Ѿ򿪿ռţһ̤˽ȥ
û뵽Ȼ˵ĸң˵Ĳǡڲս޷ı󣬾ȻľٶȫҪʯ١
䣬ʲô䣬һǣ䣬ǿ϶ΪѲ鷳顣
ңƣʩչĿ϶ͨ䡣Ҫ׻ʳ䡣Ҫϴ׻ʳĸ
ˢ
һ˲䣬ѾѪϡɫĿ
ֹ
Ѿˡ
Կ¶֮ɫţƾձƬһһ¾УȥͬʱܿϽ֯ĵԽԽŨƺܿƺһֻۡ
нɫ̫ȼա
ֻۣ·е̫ǲĳصϵΪȼϣԴԴϵ̫޾̫У֯۷
ˢˢˢ
սϣսʿʼΪƬΪѣȴԴԴϵͶ뵽УΪϣÿʱÿ̶ɱ䣬ﵽһ˾̾ĵز
ۣԽԽ졣
ǧͬʱͶ뵽С
۲ԾıùҪ֪۽ںϵģбԹ֪УΪ
֪У֮ѾУҲ޷ָ
ͬʱУһۿɼٶȲÿһ۵Ѹɱ䡣
գۼ䣬۾ɱ鱦ң鱦鱦Ϊףͥսʿͳġûκοɱԡ޷ٴ졣
鱦󣬽ɱ䣬һƲ
һ̣սϵıսʿѩޣб̫Ϲ۾ı壬⣬ȫѡ׼ȫһö鱦
ҲԲô׻ʳù
ÿµı壬ѡҪ׻ʳݣʯٰһض¡ȫҪƴˣҲҪҧһ
ɽС
ӵ˶ǵһ඼ڲ
̫ˡܲˣҪù
ƽʦ֣ô׻ʳܲܵסε䡣ǽۣѾΪ鱦ˡֻҪȫձ꣬ؽΪ鱦еǿڡƷƷ鱦Ʒ鱦ĻܡɾҲֲ̫ˣ䣬鱦ȫԴ׻ʳȥġ
ӿ˵
ϴŨŨĵǡ
׻ʳ˵Ǿһģģеľ֧֧ļǡȥϣҪ׳ʲô飬ĺʵ̫ˡ
ľ棬Ϊ
֪ѾûκԸˡֻܿ׻ûа취Ӧԡ֮ؼΪ֮һ޿ײ룬޴ڣʱֻء
̾Ϣ
ܿô׻ʳֻҪ⣬׾ԿԳΪеһƬʥأΪ壬棬ɱһƬء
û뵽ֱ˿µıʡ
ȻؼûжһжűƻԶϲϱ仯ġ
ӦԲã׻ʳȻܾ޴ĥѡܵش졣
ûа취Ըֻۡ
п˵
ô飬Ȼ⣬һʱϻѪǡ
޷ֹۣǱͥ飬ȫ˳ĹΪƷټʮڵıսʿ׼ۣѾɱΪ鱦鱦ǹ죬ԱǴ׻ʳʹޣ䣬һ޷ֹʮڱ巢еԹִ䡣
Цҡҡͷ
Ѿ赲Ĵ̫Ȼ׻ʳκ赲Ļᡣ
ۣǳΪ鱦һȫӳ鱦жǿûܹԤ֪ĵ֮ǰıնɵҪ䱾ûȫչֳ鱦ֻڴУܷӳӦ
£Ǹˡѩޣټ֮Ը׻ʳ߳ŭĻѩ޵ˣ
ͥһصɽУһ޴Ĵɢ⣬һ߷Ƶӣһֳ޵Ŀ⿴Ѫǡ
ߣսǿػǺˣûб̫ŪϹ۾˿ҲҼѩޡ


1397 

һ㣬û˻ỳɣһ֮󣬴׻ʳ϶߳ŭڱ壬ȻϾɱһǲݡȻǲʲôԵġ֮ս˳֮սֶΣ伫
Ըʣ˭޷赲
Ϊ־ٶ档ԳĹչ¶ķâȻ֮ǰǰ˺·˭֪սһ򣬻ᷢչʲôǰսʱѾźãһսֱֳʣԼôһˣ뿪ѩޣǰ
ֻҪܻȥƾķҪ˼꣬Ϳٴţӵ㹻Ӵ˿ڡԣԱ˵ţϣ
𣬽һҪԲܾôˡܴǲǻܵ䣬һҪ㡣
һ¶һĨᶨ֮ɫ
Σ𣬶ǳ׼ĵס
ߣ
ٴοһöۣ漴תȻȻ̤С
棬ŴıˣһΣ뿪ģϰ֮࣬۾ãϹӣѾȫ׼ۡ
µģɢڸأѾֻۣ˵รˡ
̤󡣴ĬȻȥ
УѾ׼סһ죬ĵס
ȻЩڴ׻ʳԣͲڹעķΧ֮ڡ
Ŀȫöϡ
в
֮󡣿ԿУһתϸȥǽƵв¶ʮߵ֮ࡣ
鱦ʮؽΪ¡
һΪƷŵʮΪƷʮ˵ʮƷʮߵʮǼƷ
ٲȻڱ岻ϧһе׼£ֱɱƷ鱦ͨ廯Ϊɫ
ۣ
һֱӴƳգֻܿڣѾ۳Σſųҵ̫ڻУԡ
һεѹ糱ˮϯķѹѹԵη֮ġ
ȫԽԪ񾳣Խ񾳣ǳԽ龳
ѹǰһϢĸоѡ
䣬׻ʳգÿ磬ܽڷ֮࣬˳˺ޣײ
УһĻݶǻУƺһε־ᴩʱաһ˲䣬ı仯壬ƺʵܽҲңԶ漴ͿٳѪڲƺҪ׻ʳڡ
Ѫػ
һȻ˵
۽׻ʳڣһвõ鷢ڤڤУѾоҪɹЧĻͱ׻ʳڣܽˣдװա
ˢ
Ѫϣ˸ѪɫĽ磬ڵһʱ両ؼ䣬׽׻ʳڡ
ն
йâһն콣ѾСסͬʱһֻնȥһǽڵľ˽⳹У֮Ҳһ̣뽣СһնϷ·ܿһڻ
ն죡
նһУ񵲣ɱħɱħ𵲣
У̺ľһնصϽ⡣
꣡
һ˲仮ƳգųĿĽ⣬ƺؼ䣬⣬ҲκһһС
һԪǿߣҲҪ˲նɱҲҪ䣬龳δظâ
һ̣Ǵ׻ʳĽʿܣдǿߵĿעӹȻ˭ҪյĽʲô
ΪսѾҪ䶨ˡû뵽ͻʡ
嫺ֹͬסһ˿ڴйעǰһСҪյĽʲô
ϣԳɹ
Ϊչֳʵ𾪣Ҳһ˿ϣ
ֻҪпܣҲԲԸ⿴׻ʳشǾʹ
ȻһֹĻǰ
ն콣ʱն콣ȻĴӽдȥ·۲ڣֻһõĻӰ
ôܡ
ܰ۾ȻԶ㿪ն콣ĹǱãǽ̺Ľ⣬öᱻնƣרòŶԡΪʲô
۲ʵռ䣬ǶԪռ䡣ÿռһû
ǿ£鱦δ׻ʳ϶Ҫϴش
ǿĿú󣬾ͬʱһʱ̽еİء۾Ȼڿռв֮ڣ濴ʵѾԵı仯
ڿƶգۼ䣬ѾѪǰѪݺͣٵĳȥѪϣһǽ۾͹Ĵݣ׽֮ڡ
ۣ·ãѪݶûܹ赲ס
ڽһ׻ʳڣ˲Ϣ䣬׻ʳ˲ϵڤڤУһֹ˳ˣװմݹȥ
ʹʲô
۾ҵֱôͻȻһֻ۾̥ǣͼڣôһǰûУôͻȻð
ҲУҳλڴϡǿһģһ
ɣұϺʹҿǲҲһֻ۾ӡǡ
̫ˣҸо۾ƺʲôöֲЩ
ΪʲôôͻȻһֻ۾ӡǡ⵽ô¡
׻ʳУռͬһʱодһʹָоͷ·ڣһʲôǿ˽ȥһȴںһ
Ǵ׾ڵİա
Ѫϣʿͬоƾճһֻ۾ӡǣӡǵģһģһǿ۵ģȻϸֳ۾ӡôġ
䡣
ù䣬漰漰ʱա޴ڣ޷ܡ
ͬһֻ۵ӡǡֵλϣͷüϷһֻɫۣʮֹ졣
۳ֵλãÿ˶ƺͬпܳκλá˽λҲ⡣ó֣֡
ж⣬֪׻ʳУҲͬĳĽӡǡ
ָоӡʱϽתƣڵ⣬ûκáһѸתƵλ
ңӡǣڳֺ漴һɼΪĽдݶ
ĸܵвƺڼȴʱĵͻ˲䱬
峿ȴɾ硣һ磬ӡеͻᱬ
ǽҴ׻ʳˣ䡣ץˡ
һĨ⣬ڸոգʼûзԽ۵׷٣ʩչһɲǣ۾ȻȻ׻ʳ˲ϵ


1398 ѹ
ϵζţۣ޷⣬޷ԸֻһֶηⶫãΨ俹⣬ѹҲ˵ֵ
׻ʳж١
ɵʥּ̨춦Ѫǡа˼ͬ׻ʳϢϢأһһپ١ͬЩҲѹŴ׻ʳˡˣţ̩ɽ
ȻûаˣЩҪ빩Ҳһ׵顣Ҫɱ䣬ҲҪ˴ҲǴ׻ʳ˳˶һ࣬п˳ٶȴٻ
ڴ׻ʳУŴײţ˲ϱ£Щÿʱÿ̶ڵڶԣ˼ÿһ̺ʮصɷơǴﵽļ¡鱦Ҳ֮ңȻ֮ңпܣ֮ͬ
Ƿ£˳֮УޱˣɿԷӳ鱦ǿռƣܷӳøǿ
˵ڴ׾ڣЩ鱦棬ǿ
ȻЩܶ඼ǹڹϣЩɱ鱦
ۣʳ
췢һϺȡ
һ䣬ޱ˴־ӲŽۣ鱦ʮڵյ£Ҫܾ޴ѹ뷴ɡ
ܿ׽Ͽաһֻɫƾո֡ա񣬲ںηĸֻܵ۵
Ѫǣѹ
ûκԥٶס۵ıںͺԥһ䣬ѪУһɰѹ糱ˮѹȥУڵĿռ䣬ܵ޾ѹԴԴϵѹƹȥƺҪ۳ѹס
ֻѪƺŲСĲࡣȻܵѹƣȴûгױ

ţѪŨѪһ޴ޱȵѪɫӳƿնףͷǣצۣеһУɼΪѪ̺Ǵ׻ʳѪӢĲִ޾սɡ
ѪڿճŽɱȥһצܱܿߵĿռһչ¶ǿֲ
ƣ
ڽУһХ˺Ʋ񷣬ţͿнⱩǣһŻ𣬰ŵģһֻ޴ڻԡͨȼŽɫ̫ÿһᶼ·ʵڣ˸ŽĹâճ޾ϡ
ֻ۾¶֮ɫһѱµơ
֮ǿѪ֮ϣڴ׻ʳ˵ѹ£ڵͬܵӰ졣ûѪѹ
ײһƣ˲;һһǴ޾սѪ棬һǳҵ̫߶ܱߵնŤֻܿѪѪڲ޷̫𿹺⡣
񣡣
вû⣬Ѫǵѹסۣϵ³һ
Уһɫİ񵥺Ȼֺ֡ų⣬ڰУƺصĵڻص嫵ӿ
ͬʱڴ׻ʳڣб뷷ĹԱǽʿֳһصĸоǾǣԼֱӹעУ÷еøǿ󣬱ѹһСԼǷ
ָоֺ붼룬һʱͺĽȫȫעС
׻ʳܷ뷷ĺ࣬еĹԱеĽʿһξԶմ׵뷷⣬ܴ׵ˡңģɣӵԶͨ˵ԴÿһΪ磬ȻҲͨҪǿĶ࣬Ǵ׻ʳеڷϣʱ÷Ȼ˲䳯ѹȥ
ƣ
УܿɢĽɫӲѹȥ˲СһȦңŷ񲻶£ķΧڲϵССһΧǲ޷ѹ
ɢҲѹһȦ
񲻹Ǿʥּ
пٴ³һ
ˡ
һŽɫʥּƾճ֣ʥּУƺһ̺Ÿϵڻصһ˲䣬׻ʳشƣȫʥּ
ʥּľһλϣ־
һŭѪǧ־ľءˣ죬ڱ˳ڴ֮УǾ־ԴСӵصȨʥּͬǵۻ֮
۵һѹ
ϵ£ΨҶ
һʥּ̩ɽѹ£˲Ϣ䣬ýٴαѹƣɢ⣬һֱѹסһ룬һȦȦıС
˵һʼɢһɵĻڱѹ£ѾѹƵֻǧɡңʱƣѹƻԴԴϵĽС
ɵѹ
м˵
Уʱֳɫɵɫͬʱɢ޾⣬ѹȥ
ʱٴαѹƣӲѹǧɡ
̳춦ѹ
һ̳޴Ĵϣ޴ٴνѹƵĸСǧɷΧַΧڲϵС
߼ѹ£ǽҲ޷ֵһ㱻ѹơ
ӳ֣
һö޴˲գȻ䣬·𣬽ڤڤеĴ֮һӡ£Ϊѹյһݡ
˲ɢؽУӲѹڽϡǺĽķκѵĻᡣ
ڲ𶯣Ҫƿ·һ㣬ѹ棬һ㶼ûбƿ˼
а˼ͬʱѹǽҲ޷ѡ
ƣ
·߳ŭ㣬дХȻ䣬öͻȻУһɹصĽ֮Ϊɫ⣬ԴԴϵĳϮȥƺҪöͬһ֣Ϊϡ
Уͬų޾⣬ԴԴϵĽעȥѹƣıԴ֮ʼһʳڽ۵
һѹ뷴ѹ֮Ĳɱ
Ѫȴա
ڰ˼Ĺͬѹ£޷ѡ
䣬ҪҴ׻ʳǾ͸ҹԹԵҪٵҴ׻ʳĸΡ
һ˵
У˼ͬʱʧС
䲢ûнɴڡ۲䲻


1399 
ɴڣڽ۱ѹʱסܴݳ֮ӦûޣڻҴװ˺
аԳ
ܸоڵԱ룬Ӧģ£䣬˵Իһĺô
ǽϣཫ϶¶֮ɫĿѹ۵Ḷ́ĸܵ׻ʳĵѾǿ˵زΪ׵һԱԴ˸ɡԵĸеԺ
Դ׵ҳ֮ģǼ᲻ɴݡ
ɱѣɨս׽ѩװͼ֮ڡɳǣٶȰӦλ֮ϡпһܣսϣеıսʿѾȫ䣬Ϊѡ飬ɢؼ䣬壬һ㡣
ǣ·ģѩ֮أͥ赲ռѩ޵ơʬħȣڿոһս󣬲⣬ҴסֻҪҲǼΪѡֻʱ֮ɳѹѹǵ档ٻͼ֮
Ц˵
иոһսԶѩи塣ʬħٹ̵Ҫγɲô׵飬ͥʵǿʵ򣬽˳Ҫ𣬷Щ
о仰ûǧֻǧҡ˵ľͬһ
Ϊ壬еһУǵǻӹͳͳ¶˵СһЩͳͳڵ˵ɱΧ֮ڣնݳû˭Ըӵ֮˼šǸԼɱ

ҿĵֶΡ
ҪʲôҲܹлᰲżнܳӵ崫ȥǰ֮

׵ͷ漴ֿռţһ̤˽ȥ·ɽţŮɻ֮С
󣬾ͿѪȻȻųһѪ⣬ɨս֮ԿıԴԴϵıѪɣţǾͿʼš
ƽ
ƽ
ƽ
ȡõսʵ̫ˣıѣ鲼ѩޣѪÿʱÿ̶ڱšԱµıѣԽѪǳѩޣҪܴ࣬ܽһֵĺһװͼ֮ڡ
ͬʱʿʼսսϵĸֱսס
սһǱͥǣǣսսƷһʱдʿȥսռݡ

Ŀһе壬óĬúת
һȺҲĬˡ
ǿ׻ʳȷʵСӣȻӵа˼Ȼܹ׻ʳˣǿ󡣲αԴӦûӵһӰġ䲻ôġ
˵
һлҪ絽ı仯䣬ÿյ֣ڽ۱ѹ˭֪ɶ˺ة࿪˵
ڲǣܱڣĿ⣬ڹעţǵȴʱֵĵûʲôۿ˽ĸ꾡
ɽС
ɽϡ
ԼұԺԪ̣˿ҲĿֱϽӡǡ
ڣҲͻȻ䣬оһɹڣȻͶôһֻӡǣ󣬻ܸܵзٻʱûԥֱӾͽݹȥûãӡдݳвƺһ˴롣
ǸĴ׻ʳ˳ʲôˡӡǣʲôö̿ţ̧ۿǰһ绪Ůӣѯʵʦ֪ô𡣡
ܿĳһλŮգ翳һװճģһ˿䡣
Ȼеʦ𡪡
ոڳӡʱҲô£֪ͨʦԣŻ
Ӧĳ䣬ΪʦԴֻ۾иܵһ˿Ϊ֮ƺ̫ĵϣʮֹ죬ڣѾĥ𣬳ԴͷĨɱ䣬⣬ӦĴ׻ʳġǴ׵ĳܴ뷷⣬ˣҲܵӰ졣˶׻ʳ䡣
˵ƺѾѹס㱬չֳҲ̫󣬶˵Ӱ컹ڿƷΧ֮ڣʱ䱬ٿ
ô˵
ҲһĨ֮ɫ
׻ʳһ˳пɴûкӹ̸ʮֵӣΪߵݣд׻ʳݣʣҲǶŵУˣһǾ׵콾׻ʳϵһŦ
ȻôӶΪ
Ψһϧǣž׻ʳľ̫ңԶӡٴμǿòƳٳĻᣬ򣬻Ҫ취ǰ׻ʳһˡ
аһͷ׻ʳʲôˣ֮ȻԲϣѾʱյľ룬Χ֮󣬲֪Դ׻壬Դ׻ʳаǰ߻ãǺߵĻԴͷʮֵĿˡ
ϸ˼ְ䣬ҪʩչֻΨЩܲʩչңпܻҪΪµĴۣϾ˳ǷԵĶʿ
ϣ粻¡
ȻнǣԼĸ磬ͬżǿġҪ֪СУԼĸܵġûʲôѵԼĸ硣

˶ʲô˼ѩϵżֱûκѪԷ˵ٶţ֪УѾ͵ѩ޵ĵزңѪǻţֱӽԲǧڵܱߺһַΧ֮ڡ
źѪûκãÿһ壬ʵ壬һ޵ĳשճϵĵۡ
ͬʱܿʱѾ֪硣
һ̣ڰе˫۾˲ͳԹ۲ı仯
ѵĲô
㣬ʼûб仯ѯʵ
кãģģѾˡھͿܹѹʲôز
ƽ˵漴һ䣬һεдݹȥ
Ϊ׻ʣдʱ֣佫ᱬ赣ǣת壬Ҵ񣬲κεУͬڡţڷ޷Ҵװյļᶨ־
һ˲Ϣ䣬׻ʳڡѩ޻ޣӥȵȣֻҪǴ׽ڣ
£ɡͬڡ
Ŀ඼֧Ź½ڷҲڳΪ񡣡
У¶ᶨ֮ɫ


1400 ڷ
еİգ˭˲ǾĥѡֿѣӲˣʱ򣬻ûΪû֧ѾΪʿݿĥ³ļǿʼһУĲƸ̡
ؼǣǽ۱ѹ󣬴׻ʳУͯϵ䣬ȫѹȥֻҪûͲᱻǱס׻ʳͯܵӰ졣ҪȻԺͯĴһ䱬Ǿһ
ɣ׵δز۴롣
ζܽܵġͬǲϧһǿѹ۵ԭڡ
֮Уͯɣ꿪ʼ壬ſʼʽ񺣣ʿУҲ˵׵ĺͯΪʿ󣬾Ҫ䣬ҲǾ굽ʮꡣʱǿǣϳΪʿӵһĵֵ
ɥ޵ֿ֮
ûк֮ǣиǼᶨԼԿԿס䡣
ˢ
ʱִһ˲䣬Ѿоڵ俪ʼȣ֮ǰ䲻ͼӡٴθֳü䣬Ϊһֻɫֻۡ۷·ͻȻе̫ǲϵУһ˿˿̫˳ڤڤеͨǵ۵С
Ȼٴӽ۳׻ʳаڴݹȥһ̫𣬱ɢơÿ˳̫ܵ𣬶ʮޡϡϡ֮ſʼ
ƣ
һ߿·˺ꡣ
һɳҵĻӿɲǼ䣬ѪУУ꣬¶̫֮¡
̫䣬ƺЩᣬеԵ
ڷʱܸܵһֿµľʹһֱյʹ࣬·ѪҺҪɣ궼Ҫڻ»ҷԪҲա
Ȼ۱ѹܴݳ֮Ѿ롣ҲûбϣһԽװȫ𡣶ҪһδԽڷɵʹ࣬ݲдװգݻ־һʳղŻѹ䣬ԪԵֵ
ĬĬı仯
֣ڷ䣬ûбѹͬһɱװաҪһδĥȻĽģпܵɥ֮С
ȻǱϡͺֻһ˿Ҳ̺̫
ʣлڷգָоǶôĿ¡
궼һա
ܣʹࡣͬһȴӵİԵ
ոУޱǿҵĳС
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׻ʳУͬʱһƺţϺ£оѪⶼҪڻȣ޲ֱæתԪѹڵ档ȷʵӺùһЩ
Ȼʹ࣬඼֧ŵȥ˵ڳܷΧ֮ڡ
е˼䱻ѹƺ󣬷Сĺô̫ȻؼĶ棬ȻϡΣֻ̺һ˿ܣڳܵĹУܴѪ⣬궼ܷգյĹУγһִ
ϸоڽı仯Ҳɰ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ
ѹĽ䣬ôоڰߴѪ⣬ꡣΪ棬ȷյģ϶еĸʣеʣеʣȻǶ𺦡
һȻʮְԵʻѪ⣬ͨͨշɻԵƻıߵĸ
ⲻò˵ȫһ컯
ȻĴ壬ҪܵģһּΪµʹࡣʹ࣬ûа취ѡġ
Ҹоڵʺ񱻷յˡ֣ΪʲôһоãǴҷڳգʹŶԡҷ֣ʶֱ̫˼ˡ
ǰõҩڻ²ٵҩԲǵҷ֣ЩڻлΪҽǲˣ˲ð
֣ҲоǰҪǿ󼸷֣ƺõôⲻôܸ˴ôġ
ڴ׻ʳУշ׷ײı仯ʱŹֵ
ڵֲˣû뵽Ȼģûк棬ȻҲȫûлַԹʹ࣬ǳ޷ܵġȷʵѰڸоı仯ʹ࣬Ѱ·˴롣
ð
ܶһϲΪõҩڻĵˣ˵ȫԼõҩΪңҪڻ۵еһȻͻᱻմֱе
˼˵ȫãδزܼӴһ㡣
аԳɲʲôáҪ֪Ǵ£ڵʣͱһաȻô棬һ㶼ѡ׾ͻᱻѹ
ȻҲҪһ£Ӵ֮ļȡʲô仯
һ䣬ſһ˿Խ۵ѹƣ伳ȡ̫ٶȸ죬ҲӴ󣬶ңЩӵ̫ȫԼǣûзϣʲôõ⡣
̫ӵƾճüļӡУ漴ͻΪһɫ棬ϯȥ
ȣʹ࣬ͬڻտûи̫š
Ͼ־ʹ಻Ϊݡ
ؼǣ̫𣬵Ȼϡ͹ģûж̫Ӱ죬𵽵òʵǣΪʹﵽΪ˵ľء
Ҫӣһ㷽Ѿˡ
ҿӡǵļܴﵽʲôز
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ԴԴϵĽۼȡ̫
֪УܿüֻӡǣۿɼٶȲųһɫ⣬ԴԴϣͬʱǿҵĳȸУϴüдݶƺüĶҪմһָо൱¡
棬ֵģѾϡ͹ָ̫̫оһԴᵱըճɻҽҶʣ¡
ѹ
һ˿õͷ̫ƺЩ̫ǿˡҪѹƲסǾ鷳ˡ붼룬Ժǿѹӳס
꣡
ƣ
̫ԴԴϻ£ԿֻӡųǰδеĹâţһ߿ĽƺǱƺ˷ܡ
ۡˡ


1401 Ѫ
ģ鱦ۣϵӡǡ
öӡǾֱý飬ڵԴͷ˿̣ں嫵̫ע£ֱǿѹƣ̫ȫӡУԽԽ̫ۺձˣ˵ˣ׷˼ɱ䡣
ڱһɲǣ̫ȻըûɢٴαǿѹƻȥͺǱٴȥȻ䣬ΪһĽɫ㣬·ǾһֶصıԴң̺һ㾫̫Դ
㱾Դ̫ͬӵĴ⣬ӵ졣
ң㱾ԴƺбϵȡѪ֮Ϊһ壬ΪһνɫѪҺѪҺУ̺̫ϣһ˿ѹϵϢ
ѪҺһΣѪʥѪ
Ҳһ˿𺳣ôû뵽ȫ֮ǿѹƵĽ£ı仯ԭȵĽƺѾˡ
ˢ
νɫѪһͳλ˽ȥȻȻ֮ڡţڵѪҺԴԴϵıɫѪɣ·νɫѪ޵׶㣬Բ˼ٶȣӴѪҺȫɽȥ£գۼ䣬һöɫѪ⣬ûѪҺڡǵģһѪҺûС
һѪȻΪҵѪԴ
пѪı仯е𺳸ǿңЩȫѪı仯м䣬ûκεĸ档
漴֪ܵѪĴڣľһѪңǴѪΪɱѪڴϣޱȡȻѪγɣǾԡ
ѪĴУʵ򣬾Ƿá
ӣӴ
һһ
Ѫȥı־òϵơżĴԽòҲȷı仯һǱĬ·ĸı䣬ȻǺԼȫǾҪϸˡ
ѪС
ȻǿߵѪߵѪġ
ʿ˵㲻ѪУѪǽȱǿͨȥǴУֻѪУǿ߲ʸǿηɱ䣬մһɱ䣬оʵĴ
ͨϡѪɱ䣬Ͼѡ
ӵжѪУܶӵеϣҪϵȡϿٷѪĳɳȻȻľͻѿ١ȡͨ
ѾռݾԵơӮϡ
ܶഫǧң඼ӵѪС
ֻǣһԣѪȥʱƣһЩȻѪߣͬܳΪǿߣѪߵĲΣԼĺͬǿѪ
ǿߺǿĵ
ڵΪ磬ûа취ͨǿʴȥ˿̣䣬ȻǰʼѪԴⲻò˵һĪĻԵ
˵ǻԵĺ˵ͬҲһ컯
Ȼ۳ѪԴǾ;ԲܴĻᣬϱԴѪ
׵ı仯ʱҲûԥģһ䣬ڵһУֱһϱԴѪȥ
ʶϣʳϣϡӿȪϣϵȵȣڣеϷ׷ѪԴУȻԿǵνɫѪ֪УѾʼϽɫɱ䡣
ʳϸںϽѪԴ
ӵģʳϸѪԴȥĻԼӵгΪǿߵĸ٣˵üΪǿֻҪƷʳԴԴϱǿΪʿǺĳӹţԱǿߡ
׼Ҵвĸ
еĵ̻ȫ뵽δѪ֮С
ţͿϽɫѪʼճĵϣȫ뵽֮С
ͨ
ͨ
ǿÿһ·ս׶һʮֵˡϽɫѪ̾СǿѪܿתһɹѪҺԴԴϵͿյѪйעȥ
ֻԿѪҺʺ죬ʺдһֽɫѪҺУ˸Ž⣬һ͸һޱĸо·̺ױȵΰ
ؼ䣬ԪȻȻѪҺСѪҺеӴ
ǵѪ̺ĵϱԴ֮ԴԴϵѪҺСתۼ䣬ѪҺٴ뵽ÿһѪУһɲǼ䣬еѪԷ˵ٶȿʼǡ
ٶʵ̫ˡ
˲䣬ڽƴĶ
ƶѾﵽǧ
нУԽʵһּ㷽㡣һ֮Ϊһһָ֮ͨڴﵽӵеΪһȻҪתͨȻһңҪ֮岻ɱǿĻȻҲֹ඼ֵλ㡣
һ㣬嶼Ĭϵġ
Ϊλ֮ҲкôȻûвӦĴӦּɡ
ԣǧнУҲ֮Ϊʮ
䡣ڻƶٴδĵ
ͻƵʮ
һ·ﵽʮֹͣ
Ϊƶ
ǾѪԴɱ䡣ԣȫһξ޴ɱ䡣
棬ѪΪѪԴԴѪԴѪԽ࣬ѪͻԽɱĸǿ۱ԴѪḶ́ʵ򣬾ڴԴѪڵȫѪҺԵɱ䡣ǾʥһԪ֮ʮǧö
аԳ
̣൱ļѵġԴѪۣʵΪϢϢصġԽǿѪԽʢȻ۱ԴѪٶȾԽ졣
ؼǣⱾԴѪۣйءѪУ̺̫ϣУ޾е̫ϵһɹ̫֮˳űԴѪڣѪҺУǱĬĴѪӿ۱ԴѪٶȡ
δ𣡣
ԱĻۣܿ죬ڶϽɫıԴѪѾ۳֮У˸ͬ⡣ƺһѪдݺᡣ
̫ϱԴ˵ѪԴѾ󣬿˵Ҷһ޶Ѫһɣ壬ʥ塣Ӧӵһһ޶ֲС
Ժһͷ
ѪȥӦӵ֣ʼ档ʲôҪϸáúõһ롣
漴Ů


1402 
׻ʱ£ϵӡǾȻʧˣѵոѾƽˡ
ʼչעϵı仯Ͼ䱬˭ᷢʲôһȴһȻ֮ǰüĵӡǣһ£ʧˡȻԭȵϢͳʧˡ䱻ƽľ
ȷʵѾƽ⡣ңвٵĺô
׵ͷ
˵ģ¶ȥҲûʲô˵ġ
ӵѣڹƽ֮£ҪţŵӣֻҪԸ⣬ԼҴ׻ʳȡ켮¼кʹͬȨֻҪشɷǾǴϿɵšȻŵӴɷͬɷĳʹξ񣬻Ҫϸ
м˵
ѩȫ׽ͼ֮ڡɽѡ񣬾ǰǰ޷رܵ⡣ȻţһЩĴͬһЩȨҲΪ򣬴׻ʳ׷Ȩ
·ģָ֮ƶԵµӣǰɳǣ¼ȡ켮ȻΪԵشɷΥɷߣԵ͢
Ӻԥ˵
У̬ȿ˵ŵ൱͡
һսĸı䣬ȡĽ
һ˳ϣһδս˵ʬ͵ġһսˣһսͥһ˳
ͥȣʣɽŻв㣬׻ʳܸͥҪ¶ģԸɽš
˵һǧһǾ˭ȭͷ˭Ϊ
ҪȻű˳ǿǵƽʱȻвͬ
ˢ
սգдŮһ̤սɽŵĹ£һ߲ʺԽصľսǰսȻȻ˳Ųʺγɵĺƿնȥ
γûмգΪͻȻعǲǸոյʲô仯
ѯʵ
䱬ʱֻͬϡ͵֮ǻûʲô˺һЩ棬˵øģƺԲͬ
ʲô仯ȷʵѾ޳ֻλõһ컯䣬һۣѾѪ۳ѪԴԴѪӴ֮ΪͨҲͨѪȥ
Ц˵
ϲ£׼˵ϲ¡
ζţ׼ҽӵдǧţŲĸ̡
ӵڳԽ˵ĻʼѪûʼѪʵ
̫ˣһѪҪܹȥǻұؽٹ̣ʱƣҲܸİҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ȻһһΪ׻ʳı
ϧǳʱ̫ˣҪһ㣬˵ԻȡѪС
СٻЩϧ˵
ǺǣõģΪѪʼ棬ǶҵĺãΪѪԴں֮ԣ۳ѪԴڤڤУϵѪҲɱ䣬ѡ˭١
Ц˵ҲΪеϲһ㡣
ǰǶѪѪѻ᲻ʲô⣬ʲôΣô¶֮ɫѯʵ
ѪѣҲ֪ᷢʲôѪУ̳еҲѪеһ֣ж٣ܾѴж٣ǾȫԼˡ
׵ͷ
֮ǰΪҪͥսԭ򣬰ȫڻʹУڼŸϻȥͬǵھѪʱʲô⡣ԣŻ۳Ѫ󣬵һʱϻȥΪ۳ԴѪͬʱΪմãǾѪĿǰٷ֮١
Ѫɱ䣬ǰǿ϶ҲʼѪ
ᷢʲôûĿã˭
ǸϿȥ
Ů϶¶֮ɫ
ˣҸո۳ԴѪûΪѪȡһ֣һꡣһ޶ѪȻӦӵжһ޶֡
п˵
ڷػʹҪһʱ䣬ʱڣδزȽѪȷʱ߰ǣҲһ֡ôҲĿеΰһЩ
ıԴѪںһͨԴ̺̫֮Դ̫Ϊؼ߷֮һ磬ͽ̫壬̫ʥ塣
߼΢󿪿˵
бԴѪ̺̫ԴѪһѣȻȻ̫˵ֻҪԡ̫£ͿȻȻļȡ̫֮ѪΪǿǣ׳Ԫ˵̫֮Ȼ׽
㲻ɹɹ̫Ԫ
˵̫ʥҲδɡ
ѪʳʣֻҪƷʳܲϱǿҪȡ̫Ҳ̫ƬһЩң˵ؼ䣬̫塣Ҫȡ֣Ǿ㲻϶һ޶οϱԴ̫ܹġ
ҡͷ񶨵
ߵ˳֮ۻ֮һѹɰٴͽʥ塣ܽڳ˵
ʥʰ塣
գգ۾˵
ͽ˻塣
СٻҲ˵еĵۻʣ˻壬˵ж֮һΨеӵС
ҿͽ塣չֳ׳־ۣ֮֮ʡ£ͻȻ˵ֱۺŮһ֡
ۣ֮֮ʣ塣
۾Ҳ΢΢һڿо׽κҲ׵ͷֲȻһѪУͽ塣Ȼڻ㲻壬Ųϴǿţҵʣ綼ɱ塣ѹ£ɨ塣޵졣
УһǿҵĿе׳־ȫֵ̺С
Ȼھ뻹ԶֻҪǰһʵ֡
ʱ壬ѹһеС
Щ˵ʵ򣬲ת֮䣬ڲʺŵĽ£ûãѾƳǣصʹ
죬ҽλҪʲô飬˭кùӳԡ
ȥͨλǰ⵽ô¡λΪʲôͻȻı仯ǽҲܴı仯
ʹУһŮϿ񱼣¶֮ɫǼɫ࣬ϵĺǳŹỤ̊ܵš
ϸȥȻԿ
ڰٻȪܿСȫȪУȫˮ֣ڣˮУܿС϶ֳһ档ϵļһƬ죬¸ߵˣͨˣпͱˡ


1403 
ŮɻˣŮ飬Ů޳Ů»Ů׷塣
棬ֻɻ꣬ŮҲ꣬СŮǲһ겻Ȼʲһ㣬󣬳ɳҲܿ죬ٲͨСҪһܴ൱ۡ
ڣԵúʹࡣ
ǰǡ
Ůصʹ󣬵һʱڰٻȪԣȪ¶ʹ֮ɫŮͬһ˿ǣڣϸо󣬷ǲûʲôΣգѪͻȻѣɵһЩѹԵñȽʹࡣ
ֻҪȵѪɶĸ֮ȻȻʧ
κӰ졣
ûΣա
Ůһĵѯʵ
õģǾѪҪĹ̡ɾѺȻáпڰοŮ漴ͶԲԸˣþţ齻ʴУǰͨ˳شŹ
ǣ¡
зغһİǵ飬˲ƽ·ٴһ֧һ㣬ٴķҲη塣
Ȼ棬ȴûжʰ䡣
Щǲеģ漰ʼҡ͸ˡЩᡣģǻẦ˵ġ
ô졣
СٻŵĿȪУѯʵ
ûΣգΨһҪģǵȣɾѾͿԣͲ֪ǵܼ̳ҶٴСЦ˵
һѪ֮ڤڤӦûΣաֻҪһֱȥͺá
ԴˣҲûбİ취ֻһԵȺ
ʱһơ
֪УԿȪϿյˮʼɢʼ
ʣĸ󡣡ɻѹȪ˳վԱߵеˣͿĵḷ́ٻ̡̣̣̣̣ôˡ
˵ţıǰһ˽лСǵա
иŮǿ൱׽ŮҲϲദʱǵǵ׶ҪԴסܾǰһȺСˡ
оôûʲôطԾʲô仯˵Ҫ
ɻˣشٿѯ
ûУҺϲ̫о̫ȫһֵĶУģңҸоƺ⡣
ɻգգ۾˵
ʲô⣿
ʱʼæѯʵ
öҪԴբззƱϺ
ɻ۷Ź˵˵ʱǿˮҪˡĸоԼڿ飬رԶЩʳҪƷ
ʳϣѪ̺̫ԴʳѪѾʼѣӦĸѪӦöѡ
׵ͷͨѪ֮ĸӦѾɻı仯ʶֱһڡͰȥ᲻ϱǿϳɳ
ʣףöҪԶҪѪࡣҪ
ҲѹҲʼ
˵ţС촽һǿҿģ

ŮҲ׷ѹ
󣬵һӦǶȻҲҪԶ
˷ѪԺֻ¶ҪһԻˡ
Ů϶Ŀɿڴû뵽ѪкӦ˵ǿҡ
ǺǣʲôУߣʴȥԺóԵġ
ЦЦŮ˳ȥͬʱٷԸȥ⿸ʳٶȶ

ʱëȴѾ뿪˴׻ʳ
˵Ŀȫעѩ޵սʱѾǰǣ̤Уͫ|̤һصͨС
ͨУȫһ½ľȫоʱţ·һ˲䣬ַ·ǹȥΪ¡һεëǰ
ˢ

εɫĺˮ֮£ܿһ޴İ񱴿ǣⱴһۿȥֻвڷԲʮͨ徧Ө˸⣬ˮˮ֮УĹʡۼĿ
ⱴǿյģֳ뿪ϵ״̬ܿž޴Ŀռ䣬һƬƽ̨һפءһĹĻڱ⣬úˮûӿ뱴֮Уܿһصˮɵڱء
󱴿УȻܿһϺзصѲӣܣÿһ϶ɢΪǿȻսľһ鱴Ժ
󱴿ڣһƽ̨
ƽ̨Ϲâ˸䣬ëӰȻ֡
ʲôˣôҲԺԹ־ܣ򣬸ɱۡ
ܵϺз͵õӦ붼룬Ϳٳë⣬ǹ˲ָë졣ܳ׷£ӡ
ɱ֮
һʿԣֻµͻŵĻɢ
ë첻ݺеûгһ˿ӣ¶ȵ֮ɫƽ˵Ϊ׻ʳʹߣ˴ǰǴףðǰ£ϣλʿͨһ
䣬ԣȻĽǰĿģݶ˵
ʲô׻ʳǲסΪ׻ʶ
⻰һܵϺзʱȻһ˫˫۾ë죬¶֮ɫ񶯣׻ʳҲ˵һ˳ݵλԲʲôϲ̨Сɫķ
ѾʼҲܺһ˳ʵӰ
ӲҪ˵Դ׻ʳ˽⣬ԶҪĶ࣬Ͼ֮ĽףǴûжϾϵʼնС
ֻǰһֱǰ׻ʳû뵽δ׻ǰһΪ׶ⲻò˾ȡ
ԭǴ׻ʳʹߣոնð¡ʹԺƬ̣ĩͽϢ
һз˵ȻΪҲûеë˼
롣
ëЦŵͷ
зԥⷽٽϢŲдݹȥ
ϢһԾ˵ٶȿʼɢȾǳڲǰ
ܿһѪͷϵǶѩɫģԾϲŭһɲĸоǰе鱨¡
¶һ˿֮ɫ˼׻ʳ嫺嫺Χ֮ڣ׻Ҫѡ嫺ȴѡҲסҪʲô
аתͷѾ²⵽׻ʳĿģ֪׵˼ȴ벻ܾɡջɲһĴ
ܹ׻ʳɣһ˳ˣҲл֣׵ĺöǿˣЩĽףȫܹףڲж


1404 Ƹ
忪ʼԾţ硣ֶΣҲͬС죬ӦĽиʩߣҪ֪Ĳ࣬Ů࣬Աͬǿ󣬶ңǲ岻ġ
ĴͳΪıܡ
һ仰Ѫ鲼ʱǡԣһ壬ʹ²֡
ȻŮҲиߵ֮֡
ԼŮȻеĹ
Ůܶ࣬һǶȻŮҲУֻŮʮϡ٣ԵĶЩǿߣ򣬻ǹԹ׸ĺá
ȻҲŮϢֻԵҲǲڵǿ߶СĶǾŮʵǿ׸ΪŮáãĳԱʵĵλͲܸߵȥ
ģȻ׸ֻǼŮ
ֻһ嫺һڲв嫺ףףʲôʵ˼
ҪҲ嫺֮ĳͻô

ˮĺܣȻ壬˴˶ԳƵѪֵܡ
ȻûҪܾĴ㡣
׻ʳһ˳ͬؼһ˳˵̣ʮֲټϣдȱǿߣһЩǿ߳壬ǵ֮Ķǿ֮һ
Ҫͬ޷ӵһ塣
ҲԸ׸ߵɱĵزϾûжǿ֣߳ǿͬڱӡ״̬У˭˭á
֮£һͬʡ
ֻҪ׻ʳϵǽŮӰ׻ʳƿδһλᡣ
Ȼ֪д׻ʳƣЩƣ˭УΨһҪģǿ˭ֶθ˭Цѡ
ȥ׻ʳʹǰ
󿪿ڷԸȥ
ܿ͵ִ鱴Ժڡ
ʹߣǰĩ
з˵
롣
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Ѿ֪׵ĳɹʴﵽ˳ϡҪǲûĴ㣬涼ȫῼ档ʸ񡣶Ҫ棬ɣԸˡֻҪԸëаտ˵ԷпܣҪ˵

֮ڣŮȴѾŵһЩ
һΪڵУڷ黭һ㶼ŮǼĵطŮϲ黭ҲŸвŻĲ
ڲ̸һЩ黭ҲŶſĿ
ϢҪΪŮ
еľۻἸÿ춼ᷢ˴˼䣬Ҳĵط
˿̣һȺŮ;ۼһ
棬ȻԿеǰ׻ʳĲ߹ơòȻû˵ģʣŮУͬǴεġ
˵ûУ˵ˡһЩŮȤ˵ڰ֮ȼաǰףһϡ¡
˵˵ô£˭Ҫס
Ůʱ¶֮ɫ
ҲǿҵȤףʵǿǾǰ׳ɵӡҵġ
˵Ǵ嫺˳׻ʳǰס
Ů˵ɫ仹¶˷֮ɫ
ȻǴ׻ʳҼǵãǲ׻ʳ֮ҲŲٵϵ׵ĸֺöǶȷʵܲʮѵá׵ʵҲʮǿ󣬾˵ӵеѾʮڡİն뵽׵Уͨ顣Ҫ˶ã϶ȫͬ塣
ҪǴ׻ǰ׵ĻпܻӦϾϣǲҲо޴ĺôͲ֪ѡ˭޹ȥ
УһȺŮʼ׷
ȻʮָȤǼ޳ȥҲίϾǴ׻ʳҪܹ׻ʳĻ˵ͬһϲ¡
УŮкܶ࣬ҪǼ׻ʳݣǶһ޶Իȡޱݵλ󲻵ȨơЩž޴
׻ʣ
¶һ˿
УԼһ档ڴ׻ʳͬżΪ̵˽⡣ܿټʳȻеʮǿҡ
Խ˽׵ʷԽӵףнĳɾͣǺεȵĲס
֪׻ǰף˭ס
а૵

зĴ£һ·ͨ裬˳ľͽң˲
ʹë¡
ë쿴дһۣòʣȫӡԺУһʱ俪ʼǰĲʲôԸ񣬱ԡ
ӦӦ֮
ʹ񡣡
׵ͷ˿κεı飬԰ĵ뷨
ëҲһⲻһ׶ԸϺ꣬ţڹͬǰǲܲѡġ
ë˴ǰΪףԽؽ֮á
ëҲûйĨǣֱӿ˵ʵ߹ƣԴ֮󣬻ǣƣĽҹ£Ϊ˼֮࣬ԣ΢ǰסϣһƬ֮ģ߹ʡ
УԥĽǰĿ˵˳дת
ȻʲôǣƣҹµģЩͿԣ˵˵಻ţǾһ£٣⻰˵ӣҶտ
٣ʦ
ܹ˵Ĺȥ
׻֮Ҳ֪ȷʵһ˽ܣ콾ֻǰףҲܿտڰҪ߱һλŮɡοģ嫺ҲףǲЩ
ƽ˵¶һ˿û뵽׵ĶȻǰơ
ڰƣʮֳ谮ڶŮУ߹۰ġɶ£Ǵϻ۶ǣƽʱܰԼٵ顣֮УҲĲŮǳġ
ؼǣܴ֮ǰչó׵飬ֵġһ㣬ı仯ϣܸܵЧǷ
׿Уһλð֡
оȻòЩԸᡣ
תһ룬ֻаڼ׺󣬾ܵӰʩӰ졣Ϊȡ㹻档
˵Цˣֵģʿеǰƹַ嫺еŮȻҪ򲳺סңΪףǴ˼ĳ⣬׼һƸҪ׸Ŀ
ëЦ˵
Ӳ飬Ѿ³ɹļʺܴȴ˵óһ嵥


1405 嵥
ó嵥ëҲŲæĿʼ
ʽһöҡ
Ʒƽһǧƥ
ľˮһö
¶ʮƿ
ſһǧ̳
ƿ
һתһƿתһƿ
ëγ嵥Ȼûȫ˵ЩѾǼΪ󣬿ǼֵǣƸһ㶼ݡңƸ񣬸ոģǲеһ֣ЩѾһ񣬴ĺ
ȫƸ񵥣⳼Ͳ뿴񵥡
ëЦŽе񵥳ȥ
Уɲֻвеǿߣ˿񵥣һ¶֮ɫȻḻ챦ʤЩûеģ磬ҩͨƷǼƷƽУʮܻӭƷۣǶĲϡϣǸ߶˴ϵΡ
еŮƽɵʮϲ
ӲҪ˵ıõĺãȫѪɱ䣬ѪԽøǿ
⻹ֻǸո˵ģ嵥ϵƷࡣ
ɨһۣҲɰԶݡ
£׻ʼȻг⣬ң߹һ飬ǲʹӦҲǽԴϲ
ةǰһ˵
ЩƸ񣬾ǿߣҲʮӣܶ౦ǮδŪõġ֮ȣһöҶͨƸ
׻ʵĳⱾҲˣΪ۰ľŮ׻ҪӭȢŮӦ㣬ҪڿŮԼӦ׮£ȻԴɣǲӦǱֻˡϣʹܹ⡣
΢󿪿˵ȥ߹
ǣ
ǰȥ밽ƹ
ȺʱëҲûгĬ̸벳̸˵׵ĸַ飬˵ַ죬ֶصزȵȡ
ЩôеǿĲסͷԴ׵ӡԽӵ̣ԺܹܵԴ׻ʳĸܵ崴̾岻ؼ䣬д´֮һȷʵж֮
٣ûа취
ƽֶƣ˵һ׵顣

һᣬѾУǳŲʩݼ
ȻֶԴǿ߼
еǿ߶԰Ȼӡܺã϶¶º֮ɫ
СߣνΪʲôҲӦúҪ׻ʶСĽһ飬شǲʹߣǰסСԸ⣬ǸʹӦ£ҪǲԸ⣬Ǹؾ׻ʡ
˵
дһ˿簮ȻڰƣǷĵϲ
вƽû뵽ǰ׵ĶȻϢʱԣҲɴһᣬǰ·ϣԺͬڲϵ񡣴Ӧܾϵҡڡ
УҪ˵ûӡȻǲܵġ̸ۼޣôúңԶ
ȻΪ飬İ˵ⱾΪŮָ֮һܸԴҲҪӦĴۡ
磬ɡ
ŮҲĽ׻ѾãȻԸ⡣
׵ͷ˵
ã
һ۰ƣ漴˵Ȼˣ¾ɸôˡ׻ʳ׻ʸһʾ˵ƸҲ̫Сˮ͵С˽һ޴ס
ˮ
еǿҲ΢΢һ䣬ںˮһ˿ݡȻˮУҲԲʲôĴпľ
л
ɫƽ˵
ˮУҲĴһʮˮУȫɣֱ֮ΪԾţȫǺһ壬ΪսһɱηÿһʬɽѪɱľս֮ǿɱϺзҪǿ̫ࡣ
ʮԴһΪɵƻޱȿֲġµ¡
ľţȻƣ޴סǽǳ׹ڰƵ˽
֪¶ǷҪԸģһ֪ͨʣ׼
ë쿴ˣҲ¶ӲõЦݣſ˵
ӭȢƣεĿ˴롣
ģ΢ĩСڡ˴š
ȻСûǱȻûзԵĵŮҲִܲ٣ɣ޵ʱͶ֮ҲŮ
΢󿪿˵

ŮȻͻҲ㣬׸ƸȻܶøļױһ١
ǺãҴһ׼
ëЦ˵
ëҲûжſڸǡ
Ȼ֮ǰҲ嵥ϵƸȫ

˳ͨأëһʱϻƳǣʹС
֪еС
оë콲β֮еḶ́ûвϡ
˵Ѿ֮ŮޡǰҴס
׵ͷ˵
ǵģʱǲȷġӦòб֪Ҫӭӡëѯʵ
Ů޹ǿ϶ܺᣬǣе³̸νУҪϸ飬Ҫ⣬ͬҲҪԳ׻ʳʵ
΢ΪӭŮҴףȲܴģҲܺĬӭȢŮΪ赲嫺Ҵ׻ʳıò嫺϶٣໥ƺáңβȻʮˮǰޣΪƹ˽УδûвҴ׻ʳͼ͵͵УҲУǾƽƽɡ
ͫ|ЦǺǵ˵
û˵
ǰһԺͫ|ûʲô̬ȣ漴˵Ҵײ͵ȻҲ˷顣Σֱ嫺Ҫǰ磬嫺㹻档ǲǾԼ飬٣Ѿ
񣬲ɷϡ
ȫˣǾ˭˵ǡ
ȫռݵ¶ˡ
ȻǾͷ
г

嫺
һ嫺С
ž
嫺ˤǰϣһ࣬˸һΣյĹâһƬ䡣
õȻӭȢŮȴȢ嫺ŮУҪʲôҪƽⱾִ׵ıôδЩ̫۵ס
嫺Ц˵
ῴ׻ʳĴ㡣
֪Ҳ޷˵Ļ
˵ãһ飬Ͼ˭ǿȢסȢŮҪž嫺ִ׵Ľڡ
Ͼܲ嫺壬ȢŮǾ˹ϵ


1406 Ů
˭ûй涨嫺ڣӭȢŮһҪ嫺ŮŮ䣬ûĵе֣֮ȴ޷Щ
嫺嫺ںεء
ܷƻ¡
ӱ˵
֪飬嫺ŮɫɶǺܺÿҪ֪в嫺ף򲳺ף˵嫺Ů粳
û˼ҪǴݳȥҲˡ
жڻûмıװƴһ˿
ףȷʵ˳ɡӰ˵дһ˿£ǲĲصȫûи嫺档
Ҫˣ嫺顣
ҪʲôҲ壬ŮҪֹǴȥ忴ЦЦ
嫺࣬ȴҡҡͷչƵʱһڧǿɲһ£˿ЦⲻҪġ
һӰƻǧˡζ
ҵһ⡣
ͻȻ˵
ʲô⡣
嫺ʱѯʵ
൱ӵġ
ԼŮ嫺ͬԼŮпԶ԰һ飬ҰҲǶ֣޷԰ΡҰԸ밽һס
ɫƶ˵
һŮ
嫺۾һڿо׽˼κԽԽһ尡ʱ򣬲Ů嫺ҲŮֻҪ׾ڣǾɲвܣӦҲҪӦ
ãȥȥĹǣһȻ֮ԣԵֵҪǰףȻԶ׻ʳ谮ʱ򣬲޷ִ֮¡
嫺ûдӦס
嫺ŮҲĸһֻŮµŮѪ䣬Ϊʮϡٵһ֣ΪĹǣòǴ֮䣬˳׳ԣԿơ֪УС԰Ρ
ҪʩչκõӵȻ֮
ò˵һʮֿµ

¶Ĭ֮ɫû˵ʲôʵǣϣû˭ܱȵϰ硣
ˣȥ׼֪ͨһ󣬲Ů嫺ͬŮ
嫺ϵĻ˵ɫ䣬Ѿǲݸĵ̬

ʱһΣѾ˵졣
ڴ׶ѩ⡣
ȻԿһװĻľŰٻվںߣȴʲôٻŽŮӣһװԵӢھУһ羰˿ǰΪ֮һ
ʮٻţɳ̲֮ϡȴš
ڸҲһɳǡ
ɳǣȡΪɳǡ
ΪдƬɳ̲ÿ峿̫ոʱĵһ⣬ҫɳ̲ϣʱɳ̲ȾһƬɫʮֵƯڴ׻ʳУܶ˶רǰɳǣۿճۿɫɳˣɳǣһ󣬾˷ٵļ
˿̣ɳУ糱
ʿ׷״Ӹط
ҪӭȢϢѾݿĴɢ˲֪˲Ů飬ԹֵĴָһϡ¡ӲҪ˵Ҫ޸У֮һ޹Ǿǻݡ
ֵϲ£Ȼʿĺġ
һЩģ׷״˷˹ΪĿŮʢȥҲһЩ˴ʱ
˿̣ȫԿڳǽϣѾվӰһۿȥ壬ͷ򶯣ַǷ
ڴ֣ءŮôϡ龹Ȼò˵λ׻ʱ£ԽԽǿˡ俴ذ˷֡
ڽɳУһ¥Ϊɳ¥¥ĸ߶ȱȳǽߣǸ߶ȫɳصľ󣬸ӵѤӵƯĿ
Ҫȥɲ˭ȥ
Ȼ޹ݣֻغǮơ
㹻ǮƣͿȥ˭ѣȷʵ൱߰ҲԱһڳǽϹۿĹ̡˵иߵܡ
˿̣ڶ¥ȻԿһϣˣһܿһ԰׵Ŀ鹫ʹϼһŻƤµ׳һһߺȾƷ裬һ̸߽š
ҲΪŮ
ֵ֣ÿһġ
ڶƵƵԾţŮѾʼֲܱ֣ңõĻı׻ѡӭȢŮҲһ֣ƿ嫺ıʱ̣վھ⡣ֻҸо嫺ӦòưոݰǳŪʲô۶ӡ
ϼںһھƣ˵
ΪеģŻѡǰʱҪʲôʵģ˵ְܹһЩæôİ
׻ʳʮڰգѵõ԰Ҳһݱӻ֮顣ιҲҪʲô⣬ҲԴ֡
׳ЦǺǵ˵
ü¶ľܿҲһߡǿߡ
Ǹ֪ͣŮĻټױ֪ó챦
鹫ЦǺǵ˵
¶ڴ֮ɫ
ĸԣؼ䣬嶼֪һ£ֻ֪֪û˭Ҵ⣬
쿴Ѿʼˡ
ϼĿһȻվһգգĿϿաɳе˶ˡ׷׽Ŀ⿴˹ȥ
ͬʱҲкܶಶڿٴ󣬷ֹΪ̫ɧʲô⡣
Щš
֮ǰѾʼڳнн䱸
ԿںϣͻȻ䣬һ޴ͨƾճ֡ͨйâһ
һӰ˲֡
ȳֵģȻһ֧ӴĴдݳǿҵɱ֮ÿһͨ嶼ڵսףһɫ磬Ʈ·ǺɫĲʡÿһͷ϶ֻܿɫǣţǲ࣬ÿһ϶Ǳޱȣɷڡ
еһڿڳǹ
϶Ĳһڵȫ£ϣܻУһڷĵֱӱڱϣһ۾ܿǾǶɱսϣµɱ¾
ɾ޴ɱ
ˮš͸Ƶ˽
ľһ۾֧ϣ¶֮ɫò˵֧ǿÿһȻзླεǿս֪۳ɾǶôµһֻ֧ͨҪһֻСӣѹ
öױҵ죬ôôࡣ
ҵĹԹѽǶٿӣֱҪϹҵ۾ȻǸͰ
ǽϣ˵һֻо඼Ҫֹͣ


1407 
ÿһڱ䶼һ׶ߣܷģ˭֪װʲôȻ解ֺ׵档ЩǿģܿĶ磬߰׸ߵɺɺϹŸ鱴顣Ǽֵǡ
ȻɲֻװƷѡ
ȫıܳ˴ɺͨɢһ䱾ͱܵĿʼԪоһЧ
ⱦ۾ס
ǽϣ֪˰Եһ¶֮ɫ
ȷʵѵõĴֱʣˣи챦¶ģװڱеġļֵжߣȫ޷һֱʣķ
۵ļױ

ţͿһǰǳõƥܿһƬƬۣԼףǷ
ڹʱ񻰴˵УϹ¡֮ͼȴͷצƬ֮ޡ
ڡǡҲмأԻߣ֮ΪҲۣν֮߰˳磬ˮûʥλͼϺ֮ɡ
֮Ϊ
һ֣ڹŴʱǾ𣬲ܳܱߵĹԱƽƣֱ߸ڵԣӾо޴塣
ϡ֮֮Уеġ
ģȻƥңͨѩ׵İųĻڵֵֻĿһӰ棬ׯȴޱȣϴŴ칬װʮֵϲ޵ĲʮˮдеŮЩŮˮ
ÿһòʮֳڣңҲʮ־ޡ
ǰ棬ŵǲةࡣ
ٻžųľ߹ĩǰʳǡ
ľǰ˵
ضˣͽˡ
ƻ˵ة࣬͵ɣ˵Ů̷ˡ
߹Ļϳظ֪£Ժڴ׻ʳҪӱء
ةͬԵüΪ顣Ҫ֪߹ҲųģҪޣ飬ȻǱȳˣʵ޷ݡ

ʱͻȻ䣬ֻڸһƬУдƬˮƾٷֿͺһ޷ܵˮƿţһ嫵ˮ·Ӻ
ãƺ嫺
ѵ嫺вޣ׼ôҪɡ
ӭȢŮ嫺Ů嫺˵ǾһĪĳ裬ͬڴ޷ܣȷʵ޷ⳡ˳ɡҲǿġ
ô죬嫺ô
һʱ䣬ɳаշ׷¶֮ɫобʷ
ɳ¥ϡ
鹫ӵҲ¶ע֮ɫ˭嫺ʲô̬ȣ±ʾأһ㣬û˻
Ŀעͨеľ
׼ǷزĹةҲͣɫصĿͨܵĺˮҲͬһʱ䱸
䣡
ļ̌ܵİٻŽʿԸ
Ļ棬ȴŴͣȫһ֪ı顣
ֻӺףϺзŴ챦ȫһһ·̧żױһţͿһ֧ɫս׵Ĵųںϣ֧ɢϢƺˮʮơ
嫺ĳԾ
ƿͫ΢΢һ
кԾ嫺гԾɾսĻǧʮ򣬶ʬɽѪɱľϵɷȫֹСޡ

ţͿƥɫһ˿ȰѷɫĳںϡУܿһͬɫװµŮڡһ۾ܿҲ׼޵ļ
ȫǵ޵ĸо
Ķ飬ٿ嫺Ķ飬˶оˡȫӦ޷⵽ôһ¡
嫺嫺ôͻȻڳһҪŮ̬⵽ô¡
ڶеͿˣǻϵҪӭȢ嫺ŮʲôɡǾ̫˼ˡ
ǽϣ¶¶֮ɫȫ޷һĻǰ
лɣǲԼˣӭȢ嫺ŮǲŮ
˭Ӧûд
ڲŮ嫺ҲŮ
ǸʲôҪ鰡
ȫ׼Ҫһ
嫺ôһ취ҪһɻԲִ֮ûĹȻԸδ׻ʳھ֮⡣
鹫̾
о൱˼ˡ
ֻ׻ҲҪͷʹˡ
ϼ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ˭벻嫺Ӧ֮ġ
嫺ة˳˵嫺磬м׻ʣ׻һ飬֣԰Ρ˴׻ҪӭȢƹΪˣҹ£ʳڣÿճ˼֮࣬Ҫ˻̣شǰԸ޸׻ʣƸ񣬶ң嫺ļױҽžΪ˽ֻȫһǻ⡣
Уһ㶼ûҪ˼
ʲôƸ
Ҫˡ
ҪļױʮԾͬ˽Уһ׻ʳҪ棬Ͳֱ˵ҪŮ͸е˼
ȻϻҪڵġ
û˵ô¶ǣѾ嫺Ҫʲô
ĩ޷ʾʡλԺƬ̡
ľһҲоЩͷʹû뵽һ»ŪֵزʵЩԤϡңţ£Ѿ֪κξҪ˶ã϶ᴫݹ
Ƴǡ
ʹ֮ڡ
೯ڵȴţͬҲʩչֶΣۿɳΣո飬Ȼһ˿ȫ۵ס
ȺԼᶨҲɷ׷Ŵ͡
ҪǲҪ޵а
ķһ̾
ô죬嫺ѾʼҪˣҪǾܾǾ嫺֮䣬תأǽǱƵϣһǵĴѹ϶᲻ݡ
ҡͷЦ
ѾûѡأܾǱܣҲζţ嫺вִ׵Ľڡ
Ƴ̾
ȷʵ嫺ʹһɱУǷʤ
һ֣ȷʵ˴ֲ
ã嫺ȻҪˣǱֺξ㵽ףο嫺֮໥ǣƣҲδزһõ顣
һȻ嫺Ūһֲڵľ棬׻Ը忹⣬Ψһѡ񣬵ȻвģҪԺ˭ʤһûе󣬻δ֪


1408 
ͬ嫺ֵزҪˣ㻹ʲô취Ψһѡֻнܣ֮⣬ʲôȻ嫺֮䣬ζԴֻҪõĺãδؾͲ֮䣬໥ƺ⡣ײܴе
ҲԭȾе뷨ֻһУȫڷ϶ѡ
ȥʺţ嫺ŮֻҪҼޣʾ͸Ȣ
һϵ˵
Уżᶨ֮ɫ
ûвȢŮ
ľҲڵһʱõϢ
漴λŮλһ빬
뿪ʺţ
ˢ
һ貵߲ʺƥ㻮ƳգڽɳϿգѤĲʺ绮ߣ˿̲ס֪Ϊ֮ʺڴ֮УͳΪһֽ˵챦˲Ϣ䣬׻ʳôһʱ併κһ򡣿սԼ
ʺš
밽Ŀã϶¶һ˿֮ɫ
ڲʺǿɲİ׻ʳܹ֮ƿ˴Ľ˿ĳκ⣬ƾĲǴ󣬻вʺŵսιѩޣǴʡΧŲʺţԽս
λϲʺš
ľЦ˵
ˢ
߲ʺ˲Ϣ䣬ںϵ֧飬ͬʱڲʺϣһεǰס˲Ϣ䣬Զȥ
ʺŻƳա֮׽ڣһɳڣĿʺ֧Ӵ׶飬ܿһ˵Ĳ
֪УѾ׻ʳǣƳǡ
еƳǣΰ׳ɫĹƱ鲼գУצ֣ȻȻĴݳεѹɭ纣
飡
λŮִ֮ʱƳУһ̻ų߲ʵѤ̻ڰ죬ܿѤɫʡأȾһƬϲ֮ɫ
뷷ⲳ߹Ϊ׻ţ
뷷嫺Ϊ׻ţ
ʳˡ
ȻʺȻҪһƷһ㣬繫һˣȡʮԽһƷ
뷷ͬʱһɰ˷ֱ뵽ŮڡһɲǼ䣬ŮͬʱܵΪ磬·ʱͻƵһεļ
ǿˣ˳֮ȻȻԻȡӴ˼£ΪͻҪѡ
ưԵͷȻԽӵĸܵ׻ʳĲ
ǰǸ˽⵽ģʵ򣬻ֻһЩĶףʼᵽ׵档
õ뷷⣬λŮͬʱӳ
һɫװϣһϲ졣ͬȺŵ೯Ҳ¶֮ɫһַ·֪Եʣʮָ·ְеŮǿˣ˿̣ϼºױ϶ദһ˵ʡ
ⲻ㣬ڿʱ˶ʶİʧһ˲䡣һݵȻ󣬼ֱǺջˮȻ
ǲʲôĹȻȻȻ֮Ȼ󣬵ߵ̲סʶһҪ谮ĳ嶯
ңԽԽеĸо
ڻعгɫһ䣬æͷĿܿ»УʲôľٶǾͳˡ
㣬ⰾ翴Ʋ磬ôֻ꾫Ȼ󣬵ߵǰǻ
ǿ϶¶һ˿üȻȻŮˣûʲô̫ĺøУֻӣʵ̫ˣʤ
ŮȻ嫺͵ҪʲôǴԻҹ͢ɡ
ģзڣʲôˣȻ׼ҵţǾ׼ҵˣʹɲҵġ
һȻ˵
ȻҲһЩϲʱûж˵ʲô
ϾѾǶ֣غ׵δ˭޷ֹǶԴķʽ
檰ƣ¡
ǰʩһ˵
檰磬¡
Ҳ˵
޲أ˵˭κë
ˣӽ󣬴Ҷһˡȥʺ󣬻ĽãԺ󣬶Ǽˡں󹬣ΪϣҪʲôĶǡϾһʱ仹ܳͺദ֮
еȻһЦ׵ͷ
λŮҲһޡǰ磬ȷʵƿȻʣκԣڿ󣬶ܵһǿҵռҲ֪ѡ磬Ҳ嫺һ̬ȣӭȢŮʮֲ˾Ҫ׹硣
Դ˲糯
ǣ
ƶŮҲͷڴӦ
ȻǲĴӦһ㣬˭
̽㣬λ㣬ԺൣʲôĲԵģֱӵͿԡ
̬ȷŵĺܵ͵ĶԲŮݼ
һһ̬
ͬˡ
Ȼʲôûӵİ׳գΪ󣬾Ϳڴ׻ʳΪ
λ񣬽Ҷһˣһú÷̸¼ɡڹҲû̫ĹأЩȽڣ⡣
׵ͷƽ˵
УҲ¶ɡ
ˣλ幫ҴףҴ壬ͬãӦͬ죬ͬϲգʹ磬سԿǰ磬°գʮöһһ
׵ͷ漴Ը
ǣ¡
ɵĴӦ
¼䣬л߿˵Ψһһϲ¾װշŸĵڷŸڷŸŮŸӭȢλŮͬ°շŸ
ϣ˳ž޴Ĳͬ
󣬾Ƕ֧Բ嫺˽֧λŮֱפھս磬ǱֿġսУҲһҪǵ˼Ͼǿ֧ΣԷĵĴڡ
Ĳȶء
һ죬ױƷչ鱦⡣Աİšᣬˮϯ㣬һֱϡ
λŮҲֱڻʹѡһ
ѡĹΪǹѡΪĹ
£֪ȥ
ڻʹУѯʵȷ֪ͨձǶҹɫˡ
ȥǹ֪ͨˣֱӹȥͺãĹ˵ʹһȥ
ûгɣֱ
αӭȢǰƣǺͻȻҲȥȥǱߣͬҲôô˼档
бԼһ˿Ը
£дǰǹ


1409 ռ 
׻ʹǹ
еĹŮԲŮһƬУ嵽ˮģˮĵطʮϲУЩŮˮͬ޷ʱ뿪ˮȻֻǻúܲѡ
ȻҪסȻҪסԼȽʵĵط
ǰѡ˾סڿˮĹУͬˣҲѡһλںйҲһֹͬϲá
ʱѾǹǰ
μ¡
Ů󣬷׷׹İݼɫ䲻˿Ĳ
檹ӭ¡
Ҳ˳ڹǰӭ
ˣǽȥ˵
׵ͷֱָʱǸֽܸܵۡƸǷ·𴥵㣬һһ˿¶ߡ
г᲻֪ζʲô
ǴţǽҪΪķޡ
߽УڣѾڷϸƷд׻ʳڵƷҲеһЩƷɺ֮ڵġ׵׺ùеķڲͬƺܸܵ󺣵Ϣһֺˮĳϫƺڻصʮֵ
ƴ¡
ߵİƣЦ˵֮ĽϣΪҲãΪҲãϣڽԺǾһˣ˴˶׵ˡǴ׵ĻϣǴ׵ĻݣҪ
Уһڴ
Ȼ˴˼䣬ûжĸ飬ϣԼߵÿһŮˣܺͼһȻƵݲһ޽ĿĲһգϣܱ˴ӵһõĽ
Ҫֲ뿴Ľ
ӣҵɷ򡣡
ƶ˵
ƶǰЪɡ
¶Цݣһ֣סϸһֵǧ𣬿ɲܹ
£ƣƴȥ
һʹ󽿴ʼǹлصЩ޷ӹдȥȻȻһεȫסһ춼
;гȥһˣûãͷأٴλʱȴǱһţһϢٴ𣬷һδεĳ棬չһҵսۡ
һҹ˷һҹᡣ
֪УȥһҹɫʼʱǹУ߿ҵĲɱŻƽϢ
Уƴϡһѩ׵Ʊɷһ㳱ס
ֱؼջ
ȻǰƺͰ磬˿̵ǣǳ޷Ȼǰ磬ֱԵκԡһĹǣʴꡣ
ڴ˿̣ȴѾȫڡ
ֻСڣӰѾ֡ӰʵλŮ˫֮ɴ֮Ԫ֮㣬컯֮ȻȻıɡ
Ŀ̵컯֮ϣصķ˸绯Уһɹɻ֮糱ˮӿڡ棬컯֮ûȫΪһ壬ǷֳɡȻͬ
գۼ䣬öֱ۳Ρ
컯飬֪λʲôľϲ
Ŀãһ˿ڴ
Ů˫޺Ůͬ壬컯顣
ö컯ڳֺûκͣ٣˲񺣣ѪСҿ²ϴߡ
һöѪУƤĤУڹУھУѪҺУԲ˼ٶȣٴ󣬲֪УؿλãȻը
ȻٳһϣУɫķĲ֣ٿϿռ䣬һ˿˿ĸоӿ֣һ·Ҫֱ뵽еĴ֮䣬һ׽ص֮ѪдС
һöڲѨλãͻȻըΪɫķģٱ£ٳһϿռ䣬Ͽٵͬʱܿ澹ȻһĵϸȥмһģһΩΩФû˿𡣿һľż
˾档
ȻῪٳϣ˼һеĵƾ͸ˡٴһΡ
һӿֳһϲ
¿ٳ϶򵥡һǿռϣռ䱾ԴһƿأɱĻֿռͨﵽ£ȫԳΪռ֮ƿǬһ֮䣬˺գ񷡣رµߵ
ռ䷨򣬱ؼΪķ֮һķͨͬǿƥ
ϲĻǵڶϡ
öϣΪϡ
öľżһľżľżдִ棬һУǼ˺Ҳ˲䣬ȫ˺ȫתƵľżϣΪκʢı䣬һܵĳơ
ͨɰᣬɱӰ쵽
ңһһı仯һֽʵ֮״̬¶κμ棬ԭأԼʬ壬ʬ壬ľżһԼ档ʵѪ⣬ʵκε
˵ƭ
ڹؼʱ̣סһǴͨ߶޷ûκ
Ψһźǣϣһֻ۳һöľżһ㣬ζ޷ıģƷףҲֻ۳ľżʱѡƽʱһʹľżٴĻҪǧʱɡ
Ҳ˵ڼ䣬Ҫ֮ҲˡûĻᡣ
Ψеǧָܻ
ףͿԽʱ̣һǧؽףֻҪꡣףֻҪһꡣ
Ƕһĵơ
пûǵʱӹĸɱĻ棬˭ܱ֤ûǿߣҪǿ߲һеҪ֣ʱûĻᡣ
ڿٳϺоѾ⣬ϣ˭֪Ͼֵƣһ¶ǾͲǵơ޷𵽹ؼá
ǻҵŮͨʿֻҲδܳܵ𣬿ϧġѹǵϣǶܴһ㣬ҪŪʰĵز
ŮһۣɫȽ磬߲Ÿոշף漴ٴ£бŮ˯ȥ
峿
Ůͬʱ˴˺϶¶һ˿ɬ漴Ҳ𴲴룬ǰɻ˹
ǻʹеˣһԵǰʺмǲɺԵĹءͬʱҲţʽΪһԱ


1410 ³
ѩүҲҪȻʧɫǶǶһ޶
ŮˣͬҲתŮǰǿʱвһĨǿҵڣһ֣һ䣬ͱն𣬻Ϊһ쳾˿

ŮԲеĴȤ£̲סһߡУдӿֳһ顣ϸоڴϣͲһ塣ǿڽԼ󣬷·һصȫ뵽֮С
֪Ϊʲô£ͷ·Ǻˣèһȫûа취׳״̬УϣһӶûᵽĸо
״һеĸоһ룬о濪ʼʪ
Աⲻ˵˵ѣѪеԡŮˡ
ң֪ΪʲôܵĶһ˿η
ָоȫĪͳֵġ˭֪ô¡һ㶼÷оӦġһ̣ĸоˡ嵽ϵ
ˣȥɻ˹ʺ󾴲衣
Ц˵
ɫ䣬̬ȲûΪԭȵݶʲô仯ŮȣһͬʡУˮƽģȥܡ
Ů¶һĨɬǵͷ漴ɻ˹ȥ

а૵
ŮϵõĪܡ
Ƶһ죬ķ˻ζ
ϣԺܰһ㡣
ҡҡͷûж˵
λŮҲǳڴа

ʱȻš
ѩޱװͼ֮ڣһɳڴ׸ԭɽеǧգͬʼֲһɳС
ֻûЩȫۼһÿɳǣһɽеնӣټϴԭȵİգдӴκдзĲ֡
һԭȴ׵İڣԴӰ¼աŶЩ˵Ӱ콵͡ԸĴ˽Уµչһó̡
Դˣѩиڴ׵ľٶûκʮ˳Щµɳǲ뵽С
ͬʱһɹҲʼԴԴϵĻڴ׻ʳϿգ뵽ڣҲʼǣռݵѩޣΧʵ̫ˣˣһޱȷʢʢ硣
͵Աǣɱ䵽Űٶɵľ˵ز
ڹУֻԼһƬצҲܿȫȻÿʱÿ̶̾գܴǿѹε塣
һȶ󣬳죬űǡ˳֮ǿߺǿֻҪֱʣһתӳġ
³ʱ嫺׼ʱᡣ
ᣬͬ룬ֻǳУЯ緵ʡ׵ǰȥۼ֤嫺ڸǿϸչֶΣӮȡλŮĻģܶ඼ǵѡ׸ΪŮǻ棬൱֡
ŮţԣϣΪŮҲǸּգչ֣ҲǿĽζ
ȷʵ൱
ʱٴȻš
׻ʳУȻÿ¶µı仯ѩޣҲڼµʱڣױ׻ʳûʲôԺ˴׵ͳελ
ȻûмšֻǽеһЩµռɳǡںУʧҹҲܿһָŷ
ʮ³š
һ죬׻ʳСгͬʱڻʹ֮Уڲʺϡ
ǳŮҲͬʱϡվߡ
밾Ҳߡ
˿̣˵Ŀȫƺڵȴʲô
³ţԾţ治֪һΣҪ֮֮֡ҪˡǸ̾˵
һ֣ȷʵʮֵƯ
³ţʽţԾŵʱ̡
¡¡
̫ոմӶһɲǣպȻԿһƾ֣ۣתۼ䣬ֳһϵšϣɢǿѹƺܿڰ裬һ֣ȻȻĳ˷ɢǿҵѹ糱ˮϯķ
嫺УٸǹȥڴУڸ죬½ϡͨͨǡ
һ̣ɢӰ쵽ʿǿ߲׷̧ۿšһ̣嫺ڣʲôطĿеľ޴š
嫺һ̣УһŽϵĳ֡̾СɢϵϢ
¾ţſԿǰţţȻԵõŽԽţ֡˴ţûƣֻҪԽͿӵѪ
һи֡ͬʱ֮У쳹ء鲼޾飬ͬһʱǷޣŵĿʱýȻͬ
һ̣޺ޣ׷¶֮ɫ
ԾûżģҲζţɹʣǰٷ֮١ȻԵõѪ
ֻȡѪʲô࣬ŨϡȫƾʡǿģȻӵǿѪֱɱпܡ
ʲģȻҲѪȴϡͲ֪ٲ㡣ֻǾһ˿ѪԶѡ
𣡣
ڵһʱ䣬ͿУһ˻𡣺ܶ޺ԥľͳſʼ񱼡
ڴ׻ʳڣͬˡ
ҰУܿ޿ʼ񱩡
ںУһԵˮ׷Ծˮ档ľǸ࣬ƴˮ档һֲ˼ʼ٣Уƺһ⣬ЩˮסŶȥԽԽߣ֪УѾС

ţͿ˸ˮȥͬʱܿǵʼ仯ʼ޳ƺʼΪһϢȻ䣬֮ǰȣͺǷ֮Ĳ
ɱ֣ȻѾһ졣
߸̾
컯컯֮棬ڲ֮䷢ûĻԵһҪɱǽܵ顣
崫ڣԶֻƵĿԾţҪĵͬʮ־޴󡣡
ͻȻ˵
ԾţҪЩڱûѪѪѪƾճֵģʵҪ׼õ㹻徫ѪУһصĿռ䣬ΪѪء棬̺ľľѪ


1411  
⾫Ѫɲƽ׾ͳֵģҪеԼ׳Ѫ֮СЩԾŵ飬Ծź󣬾ͻѪеѪпһ˿пһƣпһΣ٣ǾͿԵ
ԣƽʱʱԵĶЩʶ⣬ӵо޴Ǳ֣̺Ѫ֣Ծź󣬿ԻȡѪϴɱ䣬ѪõԾŵڡ˵ţ̺ľѪС
ǿķ֮
ƵķſţǣЩԾŵڣֻһ˿ѪӴȣͬһޱȾ˵֣Щ꣬Ϊ׼һ̣еÿ춼ڷѪܶﶼΪѪ飬ƶѪ֮С

Ҫҿţ˵ƵĻ
ţܶʶ⡣װǲװƶѪӣҪȥˣаԷģԺԲѪϡѪҪϡһ
ˢˢˢ
ˮԽţΪ֣Ѫ̶ֲͬȵɱ䣬ԭѪںϣΪصѪʵؼǣѪԺûţҲƾŬлɱ֮δǱ
½ϣܿ޿ʼŷ񱼡
׵飬ܵĳŶȥ
Ȼв֮ޣһ棬ҪԾţεźƣκ嶼лᣬֻҪԸ⣬ܳΪ֡
أ
ʱֻУһãĺŽŽǣƺ񷡣ѪҺ·Ҫŷ
һֻĺŽǳգŽϿգȻֳһӰֺһʮء
Ϊ֮ޣ֮УòԾš
һд޾ϣ˲䴫磬嫺УͬһĻ
һ壬Ϊ֮𡣶˵һѪУԹĳڷģʮϡ١
Ⱥһ̣󣬱ܵͣȻһ˵־޴塣
һ徹ȻˣȻǲɲֱ֣һǽǣ̵ȥ
аԵͷ
Ҫ׳Ȼǿῴȥ壬һҪռҪͳηΧ֮ڣܲ嵱ŭԥĳֹ
ߣһ֮ǰ׼͵һ̡ȻҰľԲһͿġ
һ϶к֣Ȼʱ֡
ڼ˵ɫʮƶ
ض˵壬ûһɵӣʵǿ󣬶ңһ֣ľĹƣѹǬ
밾϶¶һ˿ǵ׻壬ļƻչȻʮֹעڳֱʣȻһ˿ǡȫġ
̤ϴ֮;һ彫ѪأѪ꣬ԡѪߣл׳ѪѪɱ䣬ȡѪɱΪһ塣޷ɱΪ룬ǿǱϴʡ׳һ
Ļٴ
ʲôѪأѪꡣ
һ£ޣʱͣסգ¶ǿҵΡ
Ѫ꣬һ־ԡѪ꣬мѪɱ룬ǳΪ֡ɱ䣬ǰٷ֮ٵġ
Ҳһ²֡
Ѫͳ롣
һĳޣ˵ҰԡѪ꣬ѪֱӾͻὫܱߵѪȫǣչɱ䣬ճΪһ롣ҪûоѪԡѪֻ꣬ǿԭеѪ壬֡ȫһ̯ӡ
壬ϿɵģЩɱޡ
ߣԱǾӢ·뱩·ߡ˭ʤ˭ӣȫǿԵĿֻʺ벻ʺϵ˵
һֻҪȫһ塣
ҡҡȣ˵
漴ͿУһھ޴Ѫƾճ֣ѪеѪֳһ֮ɫΪֱռݽľˮ˵ʼһֻ롣벻ǣ֪ˡ

ܿУۿɼٶȣܼѪ
꣬ѪɫģǳֳʰɫġʮѤֱ˿̲סУȫһּµܣκ壬ԡѪУܸܵϵƣһɨգһЩˣȬоǰδеĺá
ͬʱܿдޣѪĶ͡Ϸһ⣬Ѫɱ䣬ڳɳ
һֻҰǣͻȻһɫ֣УܵѪ糱ˮ俿ţۿɼٶȷԵɱ䡣
ͷ­֪Уɱʨͷһ㣬Уͷϳ¹ǣ۾绢۰㣬֮ķϳۡβͣɱţβתۼ䣬ͳײԭҰǵΡ£ӿֳһϢֳͨһɫ̤ڴϣɽ
Ұɱ롣
Ļ棬У˵ȱȽǡȻɱıʲߣɼܲסеһֱʤһֻʮֻһֻɱһֻ룬Ƕ˵ͬԹһ֡
ڷǣɱǾӵ츳ӵֻͨҪʱ䣬ܵһ𶥼ǿߡʵԿֲ
ƣ
ͬʱһ߿ķմ
漴Ϳһ޴ޱȵͩʥգͩʥȫжֻܿͩϣҫ߲ʵ⣬·ʥڻ浱С
ϣܿһֻֻϢϣԡ߲⡣
ֻס֮ͩϣͩȻͨͩһԣϲͩǳɫɢɫ⣬÷˸оůһ꣬ȴǷеʥĴ
ഫͩڷʱἳȡ֮ͬҲܰĳɹʣ໥棬һһͩڶ󣬾ͻɱ䣬գɢһɫø졣
߲ͩʥȴǷо޽еһꡣɫͩʥͬҲǷʥǿ󵽣ؼ
˿̳֣硣
Ϊ·֮ף·ݣ֮УòԾš
һͩʥϴ


1412 
Щķһ󣬶ʱװڷ˵˾Ѫеľηһһ죬ԳΪˣԷϾ죬ʡܹڣ޾
·̤ϴ֮;һ彫ͩʥʥ𣬵ԡʥߣл׳ѪѪɱ䣬һԿԡʥлʥɱΪѪΪһ塣޷ɱΪˣǿǱϴʡ׳ҷһ
ͩʥУ
ʣһͬҲʾû׳忪ʼжȻҲչ¶ڷһʵ̡
ˢ
ʱͩʥϿʼų߲⣬У·һö޴ޱȵ̫̫ȼ磬ų⣬ǵأȴºϣܸܵ޾ů
ƣ
һܵХϵĴЩݿз
ܿзԡʥ֮УϱͬʱڵѪʼɱ䣬ʥ𣬱;ٴɱûоѷѪѪõУɱ䣬ѪøǿǣǱܴﵽĸ߶ȣһڡδĳɾʹ
ܶûǵݣһ̣Ȼǣԡ
֮ԱݣǾΪϣ̺żΪ֮ʹܵɱ¾֮Уɱ¾Ϊϲáûеɽ
ԵķݣǾݣݣʸ֮ΪݣѾ˱ʵ𣬽ĳɳǱﵽԶԭȵĵز
˵ҲǸı˵һ컯
зݣ׿ʥУͻȻȼȻڻУһ㱻ճɻҽǻҽʥУΪһöѣѱ棬ճĵƣƺĳص룬ڵУۿɼٶϢڲ
꣡
洫ϳһѺۣңЩѺۻڷٵӣգۼ䣬ǳ飬¶һֻɫĻɢϢȻһֻˡȻֻǸոյɢѹѪеֱܱߵķݷ׷װݷͷݡ
ˣɱΪˡ
⻭棬Уǣһֻֻ˲ϵʥÿһֻڷԣǶһ̵ֵӡοӵķˣֹǳǧֻֻҪһʱȫǷһем
˾裬ߡֲĲ繷
ˣȫˡ
磬һӱ
˭벻̨Ӳ֮ͣռķͷ
ˣ˲ðҪˡ
˵ںǰںУ֮ͷҵսû뵽У̲סҪˡⲻҪݵԵľ󡣡
ѣһΣҪݱһϯĴɱ١Ҫˣǲ֪ȥɱ塣˲ء
жˡδػ統һɱܾˣ˲ء󣬾ݱʲô˭֪
һ̣УǿҲ¶Ź֮ɫ
ֻΪֻ塣˭֪ͬʱ
ӦǶ֪ԭ򡣷򣬲廹Ƿ壬Ӧѡ˸ߵĳһԵľơ
ͫһԳ
֪Ϊʲôܵĸоһ˿ľٶУԸоһЩʲô
ԾܲԾ
϶ʲôֻڻѡ
ͬʱҪʲôûĿĵġ
壬һȻֶβͬؼĵλֱӻȡݣޣƿ֮ȨĿģֱӵı֣ռˣԾ֮ǵλã˳һ۵ǹˡ
Ժпͷ
Ҫ֪˳޵ǹˣֻһȣһ塣Դ׻ʳȣˣҲֻǴ׻ʳˣˡ
ǲͬġ
һˣˣ己ܴУӰؼĵλ
Ҫˣ˵ġ
ˣΨһˣкܶǧҲûκơǧˣһ𣬾һˡ
һ˳Ի˳ԼУΪΨһĻͬԽ˿ˡ
һǿ󵽿Ӱ쵽־ĻǺʣ嶼Ϊеǣеˣ˱ǡгţǿߵļƵʣᱩǴ
ӿֳ˲ţԻᳬӰ
ѹأ֮ϡ
ִص־С˵³ɣֻҪԸ⣬ûɵ飬ؽͬˣΪͻͽһΪǣȺٶԶκ壬ңطʱԿٵַ
ΪȿһҪ졣
ҪΪǣһͬҲҪΪǡ
ǻ۵ˣԶž޴ĺô
ȻãλֻһһȥֻҪܹʼǿ󣬾ͿͳһԪһԪȻȻǵλûٴٴ֮λ˵һܹһԪǣ嶼˵õɱ䡣ӵгѵĻᡣ
Уһ˫˫գشܷૡ
ˢ
ͬʱʼʱ
ͻȻ䣬Ͽգ׵ĳ컨׹ԴݣţУһ˸ɫصľ޴񵥸֡
ڰ񵥳ֵһɲǣһȻȻĸأеκκν䣬񵥣Ҳܸܵǹĺɲ⡣
񣡣
Ǵ˵еŰм¼ˡ֮ǰħսпôġ
ǿҸоУ̺޾ذ壬Сô
ʿĿ£¶֮ɫ
һе콾ǿߣܶ඼ۿ֪ʲô
ڣܿһƬհ׵ġ
ﲻħսսϣ¼ǸսĹףȡĹѫԴͳƣףӦѲһˡ
ˣˡ
սЩ˾ֱ뵽˵У˱ǿ׳ԣʱֻʱġңѾˡ
ڳ֣


1413 
һ̣廹Ƿˣ壬йעɫ񵥡
ǡ
Уеĸʿǿߣ׷һ̧ۿգЩչصĴǿߣҲĿȥϽɫİϡ
ȻԼλаʲôλáӵʲôʮֵ⡣Ҫ֪ľеʵǿСڰϣһĿȻȫûа١ʵ
һڰǰéʣؽȡ޾ҫ塣
âɣ
˵ֱ׵㣬¶ľ档ûʲôȿ񵥸ֱӡ
ԣûĸǲڴġ
һ۾Ҫɳˡ
͵ŹۿԼǶ٣ͬҲڹעţһ壬Իð׵λá
Ȼһֲ
壬ʥ壬壬壬壬塣壬壬壬ʨ壬Ѫ壬壬壬壬塣ʹ塣壬ؾ壬塣壬̩̹壬壬׹ڤѻ壬ţͷ塣壬ͷ塣塭
ֻеĺһֲò
ÿһֶһ塣
ʵ̫ˡൽ飬ʤĵزÿһֶؼһǿЩ壬ǰû˵ܳںϣȻʵڵġ
ңʹţЩ壬ʹ½ϡ
·ÿһ嶼濴Լ֡
ţϹâһ
ȻԿ֡

һԪ

ʮһ꣡

ʮһǧ꣡

˲䣬ϵİ񵥳׳ֳ磬޾С
ȻԿУλߣﵽһԪ
ˣġ
ܲ壬ǾͿΡûȥһľǾζţҪˡ
㡣
Խ࣬ԽŨеǿߵļʸܹǿࡣˮ˵ÿȥһ꣬ͻһꡣⲢôġ
ָеˣ己ǿӣµŶȻı䡣ֻĸִٶı䣬ͺιһ
˳ǿԽ࣬ȻӰˣߵУҲӰˣклЩϳֳϣǱĬͬˡ
УеǿߣǻġͻʱҲ棬ȻԲͻƣĻģõ໥ġҲζţͻɱĹ̸˳
˶ơޱȡ
ǿ׳ǿߵԭ
ѹĻӵȹ̣һ㣬Ҫ
Ҳǿѹ
磬УʽƶǾѹ
ԲʲôͿʸɾ͵ġܶ壬ԸǿѹҲԸһѹΪһ٣˲Ŵ룬ֲˣر޷ѹˡ
Ϊλ
ɸߵֱͣǣԪԪꡣ
ʮǧΪһԪǧԪΪһԪ
Ҳ˵ǸԴﵽһԪĸ߶ȣǺʣӹɵǡ
磬壬Կɲ֮أ˭
УһκȻȻлص
װ׵ʾ֮Ĳпᡣ
һչ֮ǺʣԾ˭޷󣬵׻ʲôı仯Ǻǻ޷Ԥϡ
ܿеۿɼٶȷ仯ǣڷıǡܿ죬ͻƵһԪ
ԴԴϵӿֳ֣Լ롣Ȼ˸űǣԵɱ䡣
ңԿ϶ʱƣ˻űǡܴﵽʲôز˭޷ĵ
Ȼںϸֳģɲֻ塣壬ͬλСֻûֵ۶ѡ
ҿˣҲУһꡣ
Ҳˣǹͷ˾ȻһǧǿȻǿġ
̫ˣǰҲȻ
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ϾֶǵϲԸıġĶѣüٵġЩеҪߣҲҪϺܶġ
ЩֻԼȥѰԭ
ͬڹעһ䣬Ѿˡ

ʮһǧꡣ
һԪ֮
аԳѾ൱Ͼһʼܵ޴ش˵ʵ̫ˣΪѪʳ£ǾѡʣΪдڵǿߣڣѾʼȶ档
󲿷򣬶ѾʼӦ滷ʼ
һ㣬ǣħսϣȡ׵λãʱٵˣ뵽֮У˵˲ͱһڣӵڵУ׻ʳҲռݲСıؿռ䡣
ǿ壬ںְϻܿܶ࣬в٣ȫͱҪǿĶࡣ
Ѿǲ񲻹Ǹոտʼѣδ綼ţٶȣʱƣ᲻ϱǿǴ׻ʳֻҪŵƣͿѸٱǿɻۡ
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ɫһ˿ƶ
׻ʳһ֣ױǿǾǿǴʩĹߣţڱǿɱ䣬ǸԵġ
ˢ
Ƭ̺󣬾ٴУʧ
۾ûа취ҵĴڣȻǺֶҵ
Уͩʥɢʥ֮⣬ѪڻѪ꣬ǣ֮࣬ԽţΪֱ֣ɱ
һĻĻϡ磬ԵһƬҡ
ǺУ½ϣȫһֹŹֵϢ
ͬʱؼ䣬һε׵ƾճ֣ڿУڲľ䣬ȫ뵽޾ڡɷڻۣڡķ
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иܵؼ俪ʼı仯Ȼȥ׻ʳȫھ״̬Ӧпܷκαʡͣţȶķ
ˢ
ʱͻȻ䣬ֻһڵս׵ĳ֡


1414 ̿
սֵϢֱӵǰŴֳΪͻȻûз֮£ɱСǣеע壬Ϻס뵽аͻȻɱ
죬£ɱ̹ǣ
һǳüĶҪһκأ־ɱСΪҪе
һ̫죬ȫûа취ֹ
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ȻҴɱ£˭һҪǻҷ𡣡
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ȻûзκζߡֱǶǵһ衣
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С
֣ʼʱȴֵûУǲųɱͬʱͱعˣʼʵĵۻ֮壬ܷɣʵѹƵ͹ȡ£ֵûУȻҲʿ
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ʷأʿʮɱˣ˲ӡˣôûǿ־ֻԣ޷ֱӵɱĳ̶ȡ
ȻҲþΪ̿еĴ棬ֻġǺõһ档
ЩɱĿԡʼ͡
ңһֵܹġ

ĿãоһһɫĿռ˲ǰ򿪣͵սǰ棬ᵵм䣬ҪǾͻֱռУռţʣյֻᱻ̽Уͽռ䣬ʲôֱӾͻΪУݡ
Ļˡ
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˲ı仯սбø䵽ϣԲᳬһ룬п㼸룬һ˶ԣʱ䣬ʵ̫ˣݵȫ޷ֻ
ʱһɱӿз
ɱ
ɱȻԿжͷϣһһöɫķɵѾǰɵϣ˸ںУƺܿе˸ź⡣ڷɵϣȻüۡǻġ
ˢ
ɵʱܱˣʿоһĺð˳·ǱµĶ߸һָоֲ̫
鶼·һ˲䡣
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ͨ
ԪԽǿսԽǿǱֹǿ¡
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ڿںڼȻ֮붼룬ʩչͨ
һɳҪڼնɱ
ն񵶳ֺȷʵ˺ڼеϢ
ɵ㻮ƳգѾںڼǰ߷ײҪڼһնϡ

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ǺڼײնʱϢĲʧң䱾Ĳϲ֪ʲô죬Ӳ¡նն棬ֻһССпڣûн䳹նϡֲն񵶱
˵ڼն£һԴڴһ˲䣬ڼٴλΪһɫߣٴε򣬼֮ǰĹ켣˲üλá

սüʱֻüУһһɫƾճ֣ڳʱڼǡôĵִţһʧûɫУûмһ˿
ռͨշ𣡣
ȻǲŵõĿռͨշ𣬿ԷˣҲԷ壬ͺǿںڼһǷֻҪȥǾûаѵĻᣬӲҪ˵ڼնײ󣬱ĴͻȻ֮£Ҳ޷Ӧ
Щ˵ʵʱ䲻գ֮䡣
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Ӱ֣ʧܶ˸оһΡ
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ˢ
֮ȻԿԶգĳһӰӰȫͷ·һڵĺòУڷԼѾҳҲûжء
УЦֻǿʼУ׼ڵɡ޾Ĵɱ
˵ţͻȻɢΪС
ֶǹޱȡһ˿ɶûС
Ǳ壬ֻһˣԱ˵Ҳ˴š
Ŀã˵
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˭Ȼ˺ݣ㲻ȱ壬Ҳ˵ͷһ㶼õһ̾
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ħսʱҹе콾棬ոҹ콾ĴˣЩ˵ǳޣӲҪ˵ףڵսϣҲλаףķͷʵ̫ˣͱҹǡ
Ѿ֣Ѿҹһ尵ɱĺ֮ϡ
ңںϵԲͣҹڶɱ콾飬ǲֻû뵽ɱô졣


1415 ֻʥҺ
뵱ħսûмʱ䣬ħսϣ׻ʳȷʵԵñȽϸߵУȣ׻ʳʵ̫ˡ֪ȷλõģ˭ҵ׻ʳڣƫƫЩҹɱ־ҵˡ
ĶֻҪһ룬־塣
ҹİп·ǱѰ֪Ŷɱִ̿ͣжٱеǿߣѾҹ͸ǱɿܡʱҵҹԲС
л˵ɫء
Ѿغ档
ҹɱֵĳ֣ͬ׻ʳس֣磬ɳǵĳеسһɱԴ˵ɵӰʵ̫ˡһ˳תϵҵС
ԸոյĴɱֶ֣һĻʮִ
вԲСӣҪиˣ˭֪ʲôƻ
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ʺʱ׼һ쳣ͨ󹩷ʱʹòʺţ׸ء
֪ͨгйעҰ鱨ʱܡ
УһۿʼѲķÿ̽׾ڡţʲô쳣пܿԷһЩߡ
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ʣ׻ʳѾʼֳһ־״̬
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ܳж¶֮ɫ
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²̽鵽ص顣ǿ
˵Ǵ׻ʳеھż
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ʱ׻ʳɱִ̿ҪǰԲôɼ򵥡
ӿ۵ٶȡΪƾʱ䣬ˣԴ׹һĥڿҪļƻѰһЩ
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飬ܵΣС
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ٽ鰲ȥ׻ʳȻת
ʿѪϣسǣʲô޹׾ڡĲ˵һҪάȶ˶¡Ҫ衣
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ľٲȻѾʼÿһ̶뵮ˣԾ˵ٶڱǣÿʱÿ̶ڱ仯
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׵ͷ˵
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ҲеġϾ¹Ҵո飬ҪԼУֻܲκ
ͬ
û壬ʱ䣬۵ǱĬ£ͬõɱǿֱӵ־ڴ֧ŵʱ
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УҼǵǰпһЩżмһֱԼӿԷ鱦ļٶȡֻǣҪõѡ
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һ˵˵ֻʱеʻõϴһᱻ޳ֻ֮£컯


1416 ں
ֻأĽ档
ת䣬̺޾컯ںֻ֮֮۶ֻʥҺȻŷͬһ֮
ֻʥҺǺöֱ֮Ϊֻظ¶Լӿٶȣӿط򣬸׽صϣһΣ˻ȡһĵУеĸ˿Ӱ쵽ĸֻͬгꡣΪ磬˿ֲȵ
Ҳ˵
⻹ֻϵá
˵ֻʥҺϴڵʣֲϵȱݣͨ˵ĻȱʧԽֻʥҺֱ޲Իָ˿κ
УֻʥҺܹϴȥ鱦Ԫӡ÷뵽һ״̬еĽƣᱻ״򿪡üٶȴǻع鵽ʼ״̬ûжٱֻܶʥҺ֮ġֻҪֻʥҺڣ۵Ŀ֮϶Ѹٱ
Ƽ˵
ֻʥҺĺôʵ̫ˣĹ屦׼䣬⣬һ㶼ֻУ䵽䣬Ǿ͸ϡ١ָ
һԣȡĿԲߡ
ûж١
ֻʥҺ˵ֻʥҺĪ
ϲ¶֮ɫ
ʱһѾ뵽ڵֻؽУֻ̿ٳ硣ʱ䣬ڻص׻ʳڣһֻأͨڵֻؽеġ磬׻ʳսĽʿǱֻؽȥֻء
ңǵֻأѡ˵
ģޣ޵ȵȣֻҪ궼ȻȻֻؽǣȥȻĳֻع򣬽ֻأҵصģֱӱͽռУͼ飬ϡ
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ңƿش׻ʳеֻأÿ춼ȵĹ뵽У֪У϶ʼֳһ˿±⡣ƺڳŹķɱ䡣
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һֱжû̫ڸ棬ֻеֻطԼת
ֻʥҺ飬ͳֻ̽ȥһ̽顣Ȼз֡
ˢ
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ٴοȻһ۾˳
Ĺ屦ϡ٣û뵽п׻ʳʲôǺȫǴ޵һߵ졣еһУԼȥƴġع屦ȻУֱǲ˼飬̫ˡ
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׵ͷûгɣͷҹ̿͵вֻҪа취ѹȻһ˿ᶼԸŹ
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ռڣȻԿɵצ̾գһܡɫ˸⣬Уöܿɢ⣬ҪֵԴ׵ѹ֮ҪҪѳȥ
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óƿеȥһѩ׵ֻʥҺȻϣң͸ȥգۼ䣬ڽϡ
ʥҺΪһѩ׵ȻȻ뵽С
⣬ۿɼٶȣֱ˴롣·һӣԹȫϴһ̿־һӾͱ߽⡣
˳£һɹ֮ĳŽ͸ȥһƣǿƿ
ЧҪ
һΣ
Σ
Σ
ֻʥҺȥʱ⵱ɢΡԴԴϵ˷ϴˢۣһӣڱͥӡǣƺƣĥ𡣻ΪС
УֻڣԡֻʥҺ£ȫ뵽˯˵ʶһƬհףͺһŰֽһ
Ϳѻ
дκζ
ۣˡ
һɲǣһεĸӦȻȻĳС·ĳϵƾʹ
ǶΪһδ컯ֻںϽȥڵĽûκʶκηʧʱڲںϣʱ
ſڷ
ֱӴ˳ʶƯա
лס
УǺӰƾճ֣һƬǿգѤޱȡ
Ҳڵһʱڡ
ԭȷʦ֮ȻȻںһ
ںϣڽûܵӰʱǧѣû취ƥ鱦ңںϣɡ


1417 
ɵĻǲܵģ鱦ֻۣǷʦۣ֮ǽɱ䣬ֻײεķȻ޷ɣֻںϣںϣںϡ׻ʳںϡֻܳɹ¡
ˢ
ڽûз£ʦ֮ۺ˳ľںһеķϣʼ໥ںϣںнݱ䣬ֻʥҺڣݱ䣬ǲϵźõķǰ˴˵Ҳ໥ںϡ
ͺĽ棬
ͺɱ䡣
µĽƣڲϼȡԭȽƵľ֣ںһĽơȻƺܴ󲿷ֶԽԭȵľΪĽںϡ
ֻںϵĻ档Ժһͷ
漴һ䣬һ׻ʳ־ɴƿأͬ־ۡۻ־ۣɴС
£׻ʳе־ȻȻĳеۻ۹ȥͬʱڣһۻ־ۡȥͬʱܵĸо֮ĳϵϵʮֵء·Ѫ㣬ޱ׽
ˢ
ͬʱҲųϿգſڼ䣬һɹ糱ˮû֮ڡ
֪УڵٴɱΡɲǼ䣬ڣڱø죬ſͨ嶼ɢŹâȻڵıԴûиı䡣ʼնеĺġ
ڣܿУһĹͨڻУھվϡ֮Ϊһ壬
ɱˡ
пҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵Ƕڵʲô
ڵںԭȵķʦۣ֮ɾмȡ̫̫໥ǣԴԴϵĻȡ̫֮ټ֮ǰ֮ͥɾң֮Ѿȫƿأ䣬ܻΪá
Ǻ˵
ҪȻԭȵ֮ʡ䣬ʮ棬ڿԿƵ£ܹıһ档
Կ֮ǿԴ׻ʳеаգд̫֮ңǱѹƵ״̬£ʱÿΪĲͬı䣬ʼնһǡôĲΡˣܿǿֻҪĴ̣ʮʹġԽǵ棬Խʹ࣬ûǿǲܼȥġ
ҲζţʵжǿԽ֮
䣬԰ǲû̫ãڣֻҪſ䣬֮һΣܹ𵽴Ч
һ۵ãֱ̫ˡȫӰ׻ʳһر
̫֮ƣκζõ̫ףվⲢǺ¡
΢ֱ˵ֳ֮Σ徳Ϊ׼䣬°գ׻ʳ񣬶Իȡһת䡣Խ۴壬֮һתĲΣҪõǿĴͻƣǺƣȫѡǱһ̫֮ʸ񡣶תתתҪļ۸񶼲ͬ
κ飬޳ǻϵһתΪ°յĸתҪӦĴۡǱңеҡۡ
ǣס
ǺûзԡҲкôһģҪȡߵȨޣǾҪԴԴϵǱңž޴棬ÿʱÿ̶ڶд
ܲһ¡
ϢһȥԻ׻ʳ£С
Ҫ֪ʣʼգģǿͨǿҪ幦ҪķѺĴԴҪǿ־ǿҪȡóɾͣҪǲӵУܹ֧ȥ
ڣֻǿųһתεܹ֮ô׻ʳյǣԶԭȵǿ󡣽ƾɱ鲻ʲôΣյ顣
ֺôʵ̫ˡڴ׻ʳԸӵġ
Ƕսʿսϲɱս˲䱩ֹ
۵Щ
мѯʵ
۵̽ǰǿӵֻ̫֮Ҫҫ֮أ۵̽鷶Χ֮ڣĴ̿ͣҲΡһ֮Ѳ۵Ŀ̽ҪʱԽҹΪ硣
Ǻٴ˵
ʣ֮ǰۣҪǿ̫౶
ܺãĻЩڴ׻ʳڵҹɱ֣Ρ
аԵͷǿļȫԽҹɱְɱĿԽ͵ͣȻ⻹ȫžϾؼ챦˭֪ʲôֶܹμ
У׻ʳ־ĵۻ־۾е׻ʳ֮һеУڴ׾ɱеʵᱻѹƣ塣
壬־꣬־ϵ塣
⣬⣬⡣
оۿԷ𹥻췣֮۴׻ʳڵ֮֮γ췣ֻǣ̺췣̫֮֮ΪġɻΪ̫⣬ݻ̫𡣹ǿԵشơ
Ǻ˵
µһ㣬ѾǿĹ֮ͬ췣һ֣ʮֿ¡Ͼ鱦ңںϷʦۣ֮ݱĹУѾͻƶʮʮȻֻһأȴԽһޣﵽƷ鱦С
ȻԵɱ䡣
ܺãڿʼ̽׻ʳҪڴ׾ڣûҹɱš
׵ͷԥĿ˵
˵ٶ඼ûãļһ¡Ļ
ǣף
ǺͷӦ
ˢ
һֻ̣ƳϿգһֻɫƾճ֣һֻۣУ̺޾ϣ˿вһǿҵѹ·𱻳塣֮ġ
ɫ֮ǰĽʮơ
ֻû˴иов
ôۺơ
Ǵ׵𡣡
ʱֳۣʲôҪ
հһͷ
һ̣ֻҪǴ׾ڣֻۣܿһо롣ɼ
ۿûйЩâ˸䣬εʼ͸µ֮СУ֪һЩʲô
˿̣׻ʳ۳ǳҲ̧ۿաһ̾ͿԼһӰĸֳ


1418 
ܿӰһڵҹ¡ͷϴͷ֣źɫĿϬϱһڳһۿ֪ⲻʲôˡңֵλã߲ԶֻҪԸ⣬һ֣ввǿ
ڿһɲǣԺеһͷǣ˭ѽһҹ£ð̿ͣҴ򡣡
һ̣һ̿ɱֵͷٸ֡
Ҫ֪֮ǰбɱĻ棬ҲѾɱִ̿Ǳص׾ڣҪɱУǾҪɱ׳еĸسЩɳǳͬҲڴɱеС
һ⣬ҪɱԼ
Ҫжɱһ£ֳ
һ˲䣬еͨѶһ˳ͨѶԺС
ͨгаգԸд̿װֳΣܲҪ¶֮ɫҪ¶Ѿı顣ɽŻץ߻ɱһΣΪءЩɱ֣ߣܣ̣ΪѰһɱĻᣬһС
ѶϢڵһʱ䴫ݵ೯ͨѶУֱԴķʽԺС
ɲ֮䣬гǲɫᡣ
ʵͬƽ
̽׻ʳʱЩڰеĴ̿ͣȫΣͺħ̫£վҪֳԭεġңֳε飬Щ̿ͻ˿֪Ͳ֪ԼΪĺܺõ壬ѾϢĳڴǰ
Լ֪һصĺܺõģ
ߡ
磬һۿԺоһͷжʱһƬ䣬ܣû뵽ҹȻܹһ𣬻ǲ߳ҴУȻһȺӵѪߣԭôһȺһѹ֮ǰ̽鲻ϧûҵҹ̿͵ټ
Ҫҵģ֮ǰɱֻ̿ͣǣƺǴ̿ѾԶˣûҵ۶һ˿ֻǲ׽һЩԭµĺۼЩҲ޼¡
ҲûС
ģŮ⣬Ǿֻߡ
ߵľһ֣ΪѰһĻᣬǿֳܸ޷ܵ顣Ȼ֪ЩߵǴģˣǾͱ뿪
оŭǣЩߵ࣬ȻǱÿһɳУңڿĸȻ׼ʱЩɳǳ֡Ҫǵ֡
ɳ֮ɱĻɵĺ޷ġ
һҹһ季ҪҴ׸ÿһ߶һߡҰģĵⶫʲôʱҹϣΪҹĹӡھҪڴ׸Ļδ֪ʲôϻƨá
аԳ
ԺתͷӲӡ
ؼǣЩǴʲôطģУʲôķʽܿ׼죬Ǳ׾ڵġʵڲʲôöпܣԸֱĨɱ
ȻǺ󻰣ھͿܲץŵߡ
ȳЩ߻ûвԼѾ¶ʱһС
ڵõ󣬶ɫĹעܵߴ̿͡
ͬʱֵͬʱʼ񲶿죬ǰɳǣ׼ʩչץɱоЩڲԣܱ߰ɾ޴˺顣
˿̣С
ͫ|ڳ԰УȻڵ£ȵѷɫƹʼնܳҹ硣Ӱ졣
Ų裬С̶ֻ۶Ѿгһϸˡʮֵϲˡ
ʲôд̿͡д̿͡
ͫ|ҲõһҲϼ޻ĺ꣬ǰûУ̶ֻֻ۾װĳɨšҪǴ̿;
ж̿ͰɱȻô̿ͻ᲻Ұɱǡ
߿
ûУ
ұҲ
ûС
£ʲôûз֡
ѵûд̿ɱҺͫ|ǲ̫ˡ
ͫ|ʱ͸оЩޣĳд̿͵Ҫɱô̿ӰӶǲЩ̫ˡȫûн۵ס
ûжԱȣû˺
ףԡⰡ
ͫ|ͻȻ֣ڸһջЩԾ
ǾջȻһĳûģ֮ǰϸûз֣ȻбӣǺʣ̿;ң˵£
潫Լһ仨
˰ȥҶ֪ҶҪһͻ⻨԰еľջĿ൱ĲãһͻƷ衣
ͫ|۾һתٿ˵
ͬ仰аһϲãҪѰһִɱû뵽ԼʹչˣãҾãٷһͻ͵ҵıӡлǰϲ
ΪԼصĺܺáһκܺõĴɱᡣ
ֻҪδɱҴһԻҹӣȵҹռ磬һԵõãĺô󡣡
ӿֳһ롣
ʱҶ֪Ѿ˽
ΪһЩ飬Ҷ֪ʱ䶼Уڻвռֲϣƺ׼ҪʲôͬΪһԱȻְλͬһʽĹԱһǹΪЧȻ׽ټϺͫ|Ǹˡ
һȥġҲһЩ顣
κͫ|͸ˣȻ⻹Ǻͫ|ͨѶϢȥ԰ߴ̿͵ϢȥһϷҶ֪ѰԸ˵ҲʮֵĶͷ
֣˵ֵľջѾʢңŵʮޣҶĳƽϲľǾջҶĳȶΪ졣
Ҷ֪ЦǺǵ˽ͫ|˵
㿴һǲǿʮ˾ޡȵʱӵ
ͫ|ЦŽҶ֪߻ûľջǰһޡ
ǻߵİϲȻԵáΪԼûľջȷʵǻлʺ޾¡
ҲϲۿջеһĻ˼Ҷ֪ﻹһתƺЩֹ
ʲôҶ־˵
ͫ|ѯʵ
ջԵ׳һҪˣɲУҪӷʰ
Ҷ֪ЦǺǵ˵
ӷʣ
ͫ|¶һ˿죬ϾЦ˵⣬ȻǺ⡣
ˣȥҵũҷʹǸúúõĸջһôҲջ;زˡһͫ|˵
漴ͷԸǰȥѰũҷʡ
һ̣µЩɣȫû뵽ᷢ顣
ʲôûľջҲˣٻ̾ոջĻ·ţһתۣôое㲻ͷ
ʩũҷʣ
ôԣ߰ǾջôܳЩũҷʣⲻǿЦ


1419 
ջһڲõʱλҲԣ޷һʧҶ֪ôһλǿߴڣһ¶ɱ⣬ʲôͻᱻ֣ʱ˵ɱҪ߶һѵ顣
ߵһ̣
ܶҪ̣һջߣǾջǾջ
вϼᶨ־
Բʱ¶һ
ʱһͰƷũҷѾ˹
ˣջʩʡ
ͫ|ЦǺǵķԸ
ǰ£ʼǻûľջѽڡڵµߣͷ­Ҳ¶˳ȻߺŵĽһУڿԼڱУҲֻһЩ롣
ʼμ
ڣԴһڳܵǿ
ͫ|Ҷ֪￴߱۾ڽ棬ѾףȷʵߣһؼĴ̿͡
໥һۺ󣬵ͷ
ʩʡȻ̫ϸˡҪʩʣҪʩʡҶ֪Ц˵
ҲߣõԸҲû¶ǰһֻͰ涼ũҷʣζܡ
סһԴģ

һͰũҷʾôȥʱߵͷȫũҷУũҷʵġ㡯ֱ˳ëڡָо治һˬһ̣ߵǱġ
кܶпѵҲûȫﹲеľͷ­ȫݡ
ֻĵ׷
̣
̣̣̣
ããã
ͫ|ĵͷ˵ũҷȻãҿЧѽôƯľջеʱ̣ҾãӦñȥСĳٸӵϣ档㡣
˵ţóһֻƿũҷеȥ
Կǰɫķĩһȥʱһɺ糱ˮϯ˲ͽﹲ⣬ջһ⡣ֲĺϮȥûз£ӦԺУʶ·հס
ô׻ʳĹԱôײΪ˱סȻҪҡ
һ̣׸оһƬ
ûгְôĪء
ɢϣҲʡĴ̿ͣץסǿһͰ´ˡҶ֪￴߱ױҲЦ˵
ǺǣҶϵĺáҪȻ̿һԣ˵ᱩˡ
ͫ|æЦ˵Щ߻ǹ̵ģôһͰũҷȥȻ̵סҪǻңˡ̵µĵزò
һ㣬治ǵ٩ȷʵ尡
ȸ˽ƣӡ˵ӱƷĻɾͲ̫áҶ֪Ц˵ܻ׽һֻߡйͣҲٲһݡ
Ȼ
ͫ|ҲҵҶ֪ʩչӡơȽ߽˵ȻǱģһͰﹲЩְ
ӵ˳

ɳУŲ죬ֵǿߣ󹩷ϳ£ֵߴ̿ͣ׷ײϱɱ׽١ЩԲֻ̣ҪʲôԾģͻ뷽跨ɱ綾ֻҪԸ⣬˲ҧ鶾
ԣĶ࣬ץסȴ֮١
в߸Ӧʮ񣬲ԺҪӶݣ۵ļ£ǵȫΣѲټܿͱ׷ϡҵɱ
һʱ䣬׻ʳڣ׷ɱ̿͵Ļ档
ʱ䲢ͳװ
̽鵽ߡͨͨɱɨƽһЩв
ۣ
ƿеĽɫۣȻĽ۸ˣңƺ֮ǰĽ۲˱仯ø졣ɢѾ൱¡ֻ£ѾƷ鱦ĲΡ
Ʒ鱦鱦κУǶѹ˵رԳ֮Ϊ̵ĴڡУޱȡ
׾ȻܹӵһңΪۣķһʣ׻ʳǹκҪˣǶҪϸԲ׾ġոմ߱һܺõӡ
׵ĵٴӣֲһȱݣʩչɱֶΣڴпɾвͨˡ
Ҳһ˿ӵ˵
ʱ̣׻Բϱǿһ㣬ȷʵ˾̾
𾪣оȻֻʥҺ׵鱦
ǲ˼顣
ԽԽоԼλϣܡ
һߵ飬ڴȻû̫ӣͬ׳õӡ
۵ĻǴ׵۾ȻˣΪۣڵۣبų档Ŀ۵󣬰Եͷֱӿڽ۵ֶѾΪƷ鱦ΪҲôһ˿ʸ
ҲŴ׻ʳҰ
ʳǴ׵ļޡ۳Ҳǡĸߡ

ʱ֮Ȼš
Ѫأͩʥһʱ䡣
ֻһ֮УѪױ鲼硣
ݻ㱨ڴ׻ʳڣͽ룬֣˵ϢѪضǡңֵ࣬ܵٶҲڼӿ졣ԱѪ͸ˣûǿѪеıܡ
ټ֮䣬ͷǿ󣬷£ȻĸѾС
֪УѾȥĸ¡
ʱѾȻִʮ¡Ҳ˵ʮһʱ䡣봺ڣѾûм졣֮Ҫʮһꡣ
׻ʳʹС
Ⱥ㼯
ڼ褣ҵƳȵȣһسԳڳϣ໥棬ҲЦݣܴЦпһ˿ءȻвչ¶ôɡ
һıʵ̫ˡ
֮ͻȻ˵ظ֣ȫҡһΣٵѹȷʵʮ־޴־һδɱ¼гжһ棬ҹѹ˭ҹ׻Ŷɱ֡Ƿ񻹻ᶢŴײš
μʣ޽룡
μʺ޽ղϡ
г֣һΰڴ𡣲βҲһ֣ߡǰһδ󳯻ᣬͬʸڴϣγᡣ
λƽ
׵ͷ
лʣ
Ⱥվࡣ
һۿȥν˲żüãĴףվ˲׵ĸ
λ䣬ǽһδ󳯻ᣬһе飬ضᣬЩ飬ҲҪ飬Ǵ׸Դ
г˵


1420 
һб仯̫࣬һһ׸ԴȷʵҪϸĲ飬ȷյĻĻʲôҲ׼Ե̫ͻȻŪֲ
£΢ҹ󣬷Ѿʼֻңв鿴ʱãң֮ѾʼɷѾؼǴٽҪס⣬δٽ֮չ
൱վ˳ļƹܴ֮ˣ⼸УѾԸоؼϢڷ˵ı仯
ֱ仯ҪǳȥԻԹɱ١
ɷɲʲôöؼ䣬һգͻܵӰ죬磬ǱԻԸñ꣬ɱԴʱƣɱ¾Ȼɱӡɱ¾ӣҲɷЩ໥ģգɷԽԽŨֻһɱ١
ɱǽѣͬǽؼɷйȥʱɷɢˣɱȻȻĻɢ
һմȾɷ̫࣬ǶǿߣǴܣͨ߶ɱٵУ㲻ţѶԼ
ɷУ̺
ڼ飬ɱУǳ֮¡
һɱٿҲζţ׻ʳҪ⣬¶൱ѡ
㹻ʵ̡
ӭȢλŮʣѾ˳ˡҪܡûǸŴ⡣
ѾҪ໥ǵλãᣬֻսᣬսϷֳʤҪģαǴ׻ʳʵ̡֤֮УʮڰյİΣ
׵ͷȻڻûеɱٿĵزѾĶߡ
ҲţɱٲԶ
̽飬Ҵ׻ʳڣҰѾ仯ֿʼַ״̬һ飬壬ֱӾǿнϡô޻Уǵƺı䣬̶̼ʱ䣬Ѿʣ´ĺÿһλУĺ൱ˣңԭȲ֣ģҲϡѪԳƵ֡
ͯ˳ڻ㱨ң֪ΪʲôǷޣƺúǿ󡣵ĺվ֮УڷǣҲѪڷ賤Ҵ׾ڣ󺣵ɳǣѾʼ̶ܵͬȵĳ
½ϵеˮ壬ԶԶҪ½һǾǳǧ򣬿֪Ƕôµһַ˾
ΪĸڣˮԾ֮Ѿ󲿷ֶѪʵǿҲǿ󡣴ֺ޵վȫ޷㵽Ƕô˵֡
Դ׵һЩɳǣѾʼһв
ҪȥǺʣؽγ޳ɳǣԴɾ޴вⶼü޵顣
λ䣬Ѿڴһ취óһ⣬ǵҪȡʲôľٴ롣Ȼ᲻֪Щ
ʵϣΪ̫ˡ
һȥʣѾһδŬ£ʼ̽ĻҰ»ΪһԴ׻ʳв̫󣬾ԲǺ¡Ӱ쵽ģдˡ
Ҫ֪ʵƿصĵؽж٣ĵˣҲ֮仯
Ҫ֪ڴ׻ʳڣɳڵλãڶĵˣǳֳɫɳԽԶɢĵҲڲݼⶼŴ׶ܱߵӰƿﵽʲô̶ȡ
Ҫһ£Ȼͻɳѹ
ڣ漰塣޷׳֡
£ĩ֮罫ЩͨͨѹɳǣвӦɱ
ݼ̹Ȼ˵
ɢһּᶨбҵѪ֮־
Ҷ־棬ΨһַǾɱսϷʤ
ס
Ƴҡҡͷ˵ЩݣǿҪѹ˵ҴͬʱΪУڲУⲿͬУһҴΣӡ֮λĹϵԼЩ֡ⷢͻĻԱհΣ
ڵľ΢һ˭֪ᷢʲôķӦ
Ǳ߿ȥ̽һ٣ҲϵҲŮӭȢλŮҲΪ˽졣ֻ΢Ϊܱ̫󣬴Ӳǿĸ
ͷ˵
ҪЩ鷳򽻵Ǳܲġ
ο֮䣬Ҳ׽Ĺϵ֣Ǻʣڵвв֣Ȼƿѹ֮
һԽݣͬǼ⣬ҪĻҪҵķ롣ȽһǵıΡܷˡ
ڼ˵
ʵڰǰֻ·һ壬ˣڶ֮У˭׽˭£˭䣬ƾ档Ȼе֣ǾΪС
˵
֣ȻǲҪȥġΪУ£ȫӡɲǵƾ衣
Ҫȵӡƿκһǿߣܽ׻ʳѹƵûκλ·ǼʯͷײȫԲʲô⡣
̽飬Ҵ׸ľۼأΪͩɽŴͩ滹һͩһ壬ϲͩϢԣƬڵҪסأͩɽСжٷˣȴѹơ඼δˡΨһ˵ഫͩб;סķˡǲģ޷֤ʵ
ͯ˵
ͩɽķˣ
΢ͻȻ˵Ͽɼǵã缸䣬з˴հ
ôܻ᲻ǵãǷأҲҵĹõƱ񣬻һԵзˣӦþǵֻ
׵ͷ
ʵڸոʱѾ²⵽һ㡣ֻǲǣҪȷһ¡
УһҲۣۼɽڶֵ࣬Ҳ޷صĻҲǴ׻ʳԶ嫺򡣡
ͯʼ˵
Ƿɽɽʵ򣬶һƬ½أһ죬ǣ˵һ֮أСѷɫֻǣڷУ½أҲһɽѡ
۽߶ȵĲͬɵġ
Σ˹ȥݻһģȼ˵£ͽë졣
׵ͷֱ
΢
ëɵĴӦ
Ȿģףûо¹ЩΣաΪ׹ԼеԵĸˡ


1421 ԭʼ
о仰˵ĺãӲһζ˽٣룬岻ռƣƾҴ׵ʱڣڻ̫ʣ뾡ܵôװǿʵ׳Ҿ
м˵
ؼģҪʵﵽһΣ¼䣬˭˸ҵ׻ʳ˭˸ҽ֮Ϊϡƿˡ
£֮ǰ˵ƶҴ׻ʳս֮£ѾͻԽչ
³ʦ˳˵ɫ仹һ˿ϲɫ
Ŷ뽲
Ҳ¶һ˿ϲɫ
ʱս׵ʮֵӡǵУ׵սףںϷսףŷɼԼ֮Ϊһ壬Ϊһǿսס
΢칤ܹɽ£ټҶŷɼݽ칤ҹо֮£Ѿսŷɼ׵صںһγһֶصսף˵ֻǳΡԭʼսס
³ʦ˵
뿴Ƴһս׳Ρ
Ҳ˳гһƷϸȥǺȻһֻɫֻ˭ԿֳͨӨ֮ɫ羧ƺ鲼ķĵۣһȴɢӶҡ·ĵ֮С

·һƷһ
Ľһλսס
³ʦЦſһעӶľ˵

Ӷ˵ֱ˳վڴ롣
սѾӶ׳ɳϵ츳һ徳磬ѾͻƵתټ콫ս䣬ڴ׾УҲһǿߡ
ã
׵ͷʾͬ
Ҳûгɣеս׵ݵӶǰ
漴ӶԪעȥʱɫųһ⣬˲Ϣ䣬ѾΪϸܵķģЩģϱãкܶ࣬ǰķģܶ඼ķġ˲Ϣ䣬Щķ·Һ㣬ϣӣգۼ䣬͸ȫ¡һɫսȻΡ
սײûжٻΣֻһɫ֯һܸо澹ȻʲôĽƶûУ˵ûУЩƣһ־ֹ·һƬհףڻһ㡣Դ߶ȴû
ͷųĻҲֻѡûԵ
ͺŰװսһ
ûκηģҲûнƣûУĩоŴģֻЩĶڻҾֹ״̬޷ͳһڻ󣬴ֻɡôǰƳʽս׶硣
ӶɫŹֵĿ³ʦ빫֣˵
ڳʱڴϾ칤ͷʳУҲ쵱ģ칤гĸ챦֪ж٣ȥ˲Ƿķôû뵽󳯻£óսףȻһװ塣
˵ԼЩţԲ²⣬ǲԼûиоս׵֮ϸ̽˼ΡǣͬĽ
ɵĿ³ʦǣȫһǲǸ˵ı顣
Соȷʵûдһͨսס΢֮ΪԭʼսסΪķĶûںһγɽơǴڶ״̬սףͬͨսһ㣬û֮ķġںϷսеĻĹ죬ŷɼеĻĹƶɡ
³ʦЦ˵֮ûκ֮Ϊսףֻԭʼսףûյɱ䡣ֻǻƽײսסǷȱҪĶ
ʲô
пѯʵ
ڴУȺҲ¶עȻʮ⡣
칤ĶóǾԲͨһװսף˵ȥǾԲŵġ
ޣ
ֳ˵ԭʼս׻ȱٻޣֻҪܻȡޣս֮УսڵԭʼģͻȻȻķݱ䣬ںϣϻޣݱͬսסϵķĽƣȡֲͬݵأпܡ
磬һԭʼսУһֻӥޣս׾ͻᷢɱ䣬ӥںϣսпֱԷУʩչսͨԴƿסؼǣսǿԳɳġŲϼԴս֮ԽͿԿɱ䡣ɳϳɳ
³ʦҲ˵
ʲôȻ
ȺҲɷһ󾪺
ܹںϻս׵ɱ䷽ҵһ޶ĻޣͿӵԼһ޶սףںϺ󣬽Ϊսе飬ս֮ꡣһսףͳսһ
Ҫ֪һҪ飬Ҫﵽ鱦εġ
ң⻹ԻΪɱսףϡһɳɣһսסԶս׵˲޴档
ߣȥ޵ҪԿԭʼսνɱ䡣
۾һҲһ˿һĳɹʣ׻ʳ˶õ޴ı䣬ӵڴ׵Ķսס

վǰ޵
޵ѾƳУΪһ챦ңλƽ֮ڡ챦ʵгҲֻ֪ڻûж⿪Ŷѡ
һ޵
ܿ޵ŸָĻͼŲһϢ·ĵĸо
˵һʵ̤ȥȫһĶռ䣬Сǧ硣ܿɽкд֣Ϫԭһȥ棬ǸָĻޡ
Щޣʵ򣬾ݣǺȡ޻꣬ͽ޵ڻ޵ĳص£ɱɻޣЩޣʵ򣬾޻һĴڣ棬õġڻ޵Уȴʵ
ܹ棬໥ɱǣҪҪ⡣
ҪȡޣֱӵֶΣɱޣڻ޵нǻɱڻɱ֮󣬽»֮֮ǻޣսףܸս顣ҪǶɱĻ޲⣬ȡ֮Ƭ̺󣬾ͻ»ָĿһǰ
ȻҪɱ˻ޣǾͻȡ˻ޡ
ֻܴ֮ڻ޵ҪôҪô뿪ԣҪȡޣֻǰ޵ҲһǿֶΡ
䣬ȥɱһֻޡ
пӶ˵
ǣ
ӶҲɣӦһһֻɫļħǣһ̤Ѿƥħǰۼ䣬һȭ˳ȥһȭȥǼħУҲûа취赲ͨͨȭͷ·飬ϣħǷһ
һöɫĻ֮ǰ
ͺȭͷСĹһ˸⣬滹ܿСļħǡ


1422 ԭʼü
ںϣ
Ӷ͸оϵս׶ǰĻ֮һϵö֮˲仯Ϊһ⣬սǰһ˲䣬ܿսϣ˸ת·γһѤС֮ɽȥ
漴ȻȻĴսţ֮ԴԴϵսУսϵķҲʼɫת䣬һööķ·ܵޱԴӰ죬ŷ֮ķת䡣
µķģһķʽȻȻĿʼݱ䡣һɷĽơ
֪Уͨսףۿɼٶȷı䡣
˫ϣֻɫצһɫ磬磬սתֱɡ⣬޷ԶԵ쳣Ʈݡؿڣֳһöɫͷͼڣ·һöľһɢ׺Ϣ˫ۣ˫ŷֱֳУƺɾ˵ɱ˸䣬һɫսں󱳡ڵСâ
еһУȫɱɺӶ¶˷֮ɫ
һ˲Ϣ䣬ԭһӰ趯ƺܸܵɣٶȣƽʱּ̫࣬䣬γǿɫսս˸޳Ենȥܿз֮۳Ӱٻٿ쵽ˣһ۶Բ׽
ֱһӣֱϵĵб·һڲ͵ĵУٻöн裬ڰлй켣Ʈ׽ңһַ֮ϣ·𣬿ʱ任򣬱任켣Ѳ׽簵Ҳ
䣬
һǱɨȥȷ磬ǴŴϥǴĵе⣬ޱȡ
ؼǣսףĽг֮ϣҲǻȻɣķսףŷɼףҪһ
սеļƷ
棬˼顣սףѾ˵ǻƽ۷壬ﵽеļ£ֻҪٴδͿ˳ͻƵףҲǷսס
ΧĴͬˣ¶֮ɫ
һսȻǵ⣬սףһʼֻԭʼսףǰװ壬ʲôԶûУʲôƶûСȴһö֮˲ɱɷ۷壬̺Ķ˭ܹĵ
С㽫ɱսºλ˵һ˵
Ц˵
ǣ
ӶͷӦ
漴ͽոյõһЩѶϢ˵˳
ս
Ʒףƽ۷塣
ԭʼսں϶׻޼ħɱɡ
̺磬УУǵ
սӵһķٶ
ƣǽ
ڷͨ
ɴ߶ƣʩչսͨצ
ӶжʼƽˡսףֱǳԶ֮ǰķս׸˾̾ңؼǣսתսУԵ֮սеʵ򣬾һַ󷨵ȡŷɼ׵ԡ
ȻǹעԪҲսеķ󷨽תĸ
սսױ̺ͨսסһУԻΪġ޾սеڣ̽ģսڻƽʱֻͨһһףٴһ֡սףͬ塣
³ʦ˵
ս˻ޣǾ꣬˻꣬ȻȻܵ졣
սǿͨõս׵ļӳܷӳǿս
ãããһ³ʦ빫䰮´󹦣дսףҴ׻ʳʵʱڱҴףд󹦡
Ҳɵ̾
ֹͣԹԴ׻ʳӰ죬ʵ̫޴ˡò˵ִ췢ǸıϵĹؼġ
£սף죬ɱ󣬽ɼȡӦĵرǿԴ׳ɱȻɱ䵽һֻܿпܳΪҲлΪ鱦սסδûлΪ
³ʦٴ˵
ںϷսףŷɼףԼ޵սףȻҲӵл޵ĽֽȻأȴܿļŵġȫڴ
˲á칤ΪҴ׻ʳ²󹦡
ڼ̾
ʣ׻ʳеаգȫӵսףʵǶô޴ȫǵ߸Եġ
ı仯ʵ̫ˡ
Ϊս
³ʦп˵
սףûȷյ֡
һйԭʼսԭʼнɱ䣬ںϻ֮޾컯Ȼˣս׵־ͽԭʼüסǴ׻ʳһ޶սס
΢󣬿˵
ֻҪһ֮Уԭʼü׾ͽΪزȱһֱ
ԭʼüף
³ʦڿо׽˼ΣҲԵͷ֡
ԭʼľһеԴصıԴ֣չֳս׵֮
ңԭʼüףע׻ʳĸ֮һѷ졣˵ԭʼս׾ͺѵõõҲƣƳҲ޷Ūޡ
ȻⲢ˵޵챦ֻд׻ʳУǣУҲδܿųԭʼüĹ屦ںܳһʱУս׶ڴ׻ʳһ޶ıǣ³ʦƵʱ򣬿Ǽ˸ַ޹ķġ
ԭʼս׵ƣǷսףŷɼףйּҵĻжŵķַ˭Ҫǿ̽飬ս׶飬Ҫ̽ܣһڣǾԲġ
졣
Щ³ʦûз漰ĵ飬ˡ
³ʦԭʼսףܷ
пѯʵ
˼³ʦȻѯʵܷܴӡдӡ졣
ܴӡƵġǿƵĽдӡ
ңӡģƷʣһƷܳ֡챦ǸƷ֮ľ֡ңŴӡƷԽ࣬챦Ʒڲ֪зɱ䣬ɽڴӡĹУڼȡؼĸƷϡѾ챦
˵ֻҪǷƷѾԽдӡ
ȻȻܴӡӡƷƷ׶ͨƷףԭʼսֻս׳Σɱ䣬Ҫ޵Ѱһ֮սףɱʲôֻܿԵԣԭʼս׵ƷףյĻüû̫Ӱ졣ȫ
Ц˵
˵ܴӡҲ¶˷֮ɫ챦칤˵ֱѾʼ¼ƻƻսޡս޿ҪܵҪǰʮѣķѾʱ䣬൱޴󣬿ܴӡڣֻҪƳһͿԴԴϵĴӡ


1423 
챦ڣʵ̫ˡлֱǵ޷ơοԭʼսףֻǻü׵ĳΣӰĽ
ģӡܵһʱ䣬ٸ׻ʳ
ҪȻ칤ȫƣһƳһпƲ
ΨһԼģֻһ֣ǾҪ񣬴ˮ֣Ƴԭʼս׵ĺĲϡ³ʦ˵
ˮս׵Ҫϡ
ھһδѾ֣ˮǳطģս׵ò֮һںϺ󣬾͸ˮУıʷı䣬һԣǾ»ģںˮ֮ȻɢγһԵ״̬
Ȼûԣʹû˺ȴҲ޵Ŀܡ
ںܶУһʮĴڡ
Ҵзֶˮ󡣡
пѯʵ
£ҴֵˮһʮУ͵͵ʮС͵жʮЩз֣ûпȥѰңѰңӦûָܷˮ
Ѧǰ󣬿ٿ˵
ЩӡԺһȻľ˵˳ҪûУҲûа취λá
ˮھȥ̽ѰˮӽΪϡԴչ⡣
׵ͷЩˮĻڿ϶ǹˣһԴԴϵٶҲȻԽԽá
ĻҼǵãڱǸһƬȻƷײߣֻǻƽףҲ֮УӦò٣ƬʺĻʹı񡣶ʱڣԹӦսơ
м˵
ǿɲһƬС֣˵һƬֺ̺ıˡؼǣЩÿ괺ʱᵮΪΪƽ׵ǵں̡ܶɳٶȾˡĿ̫Ӱ졣

ˣгɽ׼Ʒ񣬾Ҳ֮ңܷԳƳԭʼսס
ͻȻ˵
ԭʼüıȻҲҪӵһʣսҲһǿȻԼãҲȫԸǣϣڹؼʱ̣˵𵽷á
Ȼʵϣԭʼüף󲢲ս۾ϵսףʲôս׶޷֮ɳɱ䡣
Ȼԡ
³ʦЦ˵
ԭʼսھзţſоںĳֻޣͳһԳΪսס
ĻüףȻҪһʱھУһɣǾнʿҲƽ滻սףʡ´Ĺ
ս׵
󳯻¿ʼһҪ֮¡һ緽Ž뿪ĳǣһжԵüΪƽ
ԭʼü׶żڴ
˭ӵһ԰սףңлɶһ޶սףϳɳսķǲ¡Ѿʼ˼ţȵԭʼս״ģԼҪѡںʲôĻޡ
󳯻ڴ׻ʳϿʼѹķޣغ򣬸ǲϳɱޣҽЩɱ޺޻ߣȻϢͽ޵С
޵ûа취е޵ģɱǿޣȡ޻γɻޡԣ׻ҪԺ󣬴Ҳʼж
ȻУҲûп壬ֻЩɳǣɷʧǵޡֲǴģɱ˭˵ǡ
ʱȻȥ
֪УľѾԽԽ
ʼһ硣
ڴ׻ʳУɳǳҲ׷˳Ŵ󣬵ִƳǡ׼μ磬һһȵľۻᣬû˭Ը
ڵƳǣȻֵĺܡ
ִƳǺ϶¶֮̾ɫƳǣĴ׺ڣķѾɳȫûа취ġ

һ죬ͻȻ䣬ƳǺ׵Ŀʼ𶯣ͬʱһ޴ţƾ𣬷·һµըһ㡣˲쳹ķƳǶƺڸҡΡ𶯡
·һţ˻
Ƴǡ
նɸֳ֮ɫǲ졣
ô£ţȻ˾޴˵İԵ·Զš
ҸоǴӳзģʲôǿôû˵ޡ
쿴ţڷ⣬ⲻʮФôı仯ǺǴţзġǿҸоȫ޷ֱӡ
ʶĿʼѰҺˡһңʱͿţķһתƺܸܵһε־
ˢ
ţܿһս״ӹƿնƾճţϿգϸȥ⸱սͨ巺һϹ⣬Ͼ覡Ө͸սܿͷϣȻֳֻţǡԼ䣬ƺܿսУһţ̾ᡣ
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УеҲڵһʱ֡ڵľ棬¶һ˿ʵ
ǸոԭʼüףõǱ¸ĳΪģɺ󣬾޵ڻ޵Уȡһֻţޡڸոںɱ䣬ӻ޵ȡһ˲䣬⸱ս׾ͻȻ䣬·ĳǣֱӳ
ֿ˵
ⱾֻҪһԳƵԭʼսɱʲô죬û뵽Ȼֱᷢ仯
ΣǱʮФǣ߼䣬·ĳصĹ
ȫܿƵĳ
ս׵ģФ
ȿ˵
׵ͷǰ龰Ŀ¶⡣
ûиоʲôõԤס
Ŀ䡣
ǸԭʼüȻȻĳţʼ
ڿʱţſڷһţ𣬽Ǹԭʼüֱ˽ȥ漴ϵֱٴλָ·𣬸ո飬ûз
ţ̵ԭʼüס
£һ¡
³ʦһĨ˷ܣ˵ţΪʮФѾһ챦ģͬʮФĵǼսţ֮ޣӦǻ޵ıԴţФӦФڡӦ֮սס̺ϣһսף˵ԭʼüпܡת죬ӵФ
һ䣬ѾʼתȻȻĿ̽ţڵΣ³ʦ˵սףȷʵУϱϰ֯صĵۣФ֮սС·һĻС
ڶս׽Ŵ
սеĺϢϱ޳


1424 Фػ
ʮФľؼʮ֧Ҳʮʱת
ǹĻ֮һ
ڣţ̺ϣѾʼϵ뵽⸱ԭʼü׵Уֻ棬ͬ鱦̣ʱţ½棬֮ǵȫ컯һ
鱦ԭʼüףͷԺиֺ󣬾ͳ˸ˣĻüףȫԳΪ׻ʳϵ̡
⸱ԭʼüѾţΪһ壬ţ⣬ȵս׳ʱؽﵽ鱦ĲΡҪĵرԼӿ̡
³ʦ֮ܣ˿̽£Ѿֿܶݡ
ڷԭʼüţֹ֮ϣɶıͳһƵ֮СѾһ壬ͺǰ빲֮Ĺϵ
׻ʳӵʮФͼԭʼüţУѾʮФеһ֮֡ҲڲϵĴԭʼüסճ޾ƣ޾ԪעУϣϡ
ʮФ󣬴ıʱ䣬ʱڴת£ܸоԭʼüٶȣɳʱ䣬ڲϵķı䡣
³ʦûԳԭʼսס
пѯʵ
С
³ʦȻ˵ԭʼսֻҪһͿͬĲϿٴӡԣֻҪгҪӡµԭʼսףѡ΢лԳԭʼսס
ȥ޵ɱʮФޡ
׵ͷ˵
ûгɣɫԭʼսѾǰ
û³ʦȥƽȴսף޵ڻ޵УɵľҵʮФĻޣֱһޣһޣһޡ
ɱںϡʹԭʼս뿪޵еǰ
ˢˢˢ
뿪޵ʱͿԭʼüͬʱų貵Ϲ⣬˸
㣡
һֻδͬһɢ޾⣬ſ죬Ǹں޵ս˹ȥ
ս׸Ǻ޿ܵδڣͬδ֮Уһɹϲϴˢսסţ¿ʼ
֮ǰţһսײĹȻȻΪһ塣·໥
սףܿսҲſʼ
ֱߣΪһ壬ڣ
ͬʱʮФȻȻĿʼתФ֮ԴԴϵļս׵Уٶȣ֮ǰҪ̫࣬ƺÿһʮФתٶȸһ
´ӡ˸ԭʼսס
кԥó񣬳Ź˵
ھҪԭʼս׳׹λ׻ᷢʲôı仯
˲Ϲȥûã˸ȫµԭʼսѾȡ˹ҪзԸͽ޵УʼȡĻޡ
á
ֻȡ߸սס
£ȱޡ
ֿ˵
棬ĶңΨûУɲɱġǿӹɵģ䣬Ȼû˭׶֡壬ҪֱӸѡ
ԣҼǵû޵ޡ
ҡҡͷ˵
޵õġǽʬóģԹ޵ȡ޻꣬Ҫ֪ڱĵط࣬䣬Ѱɱһ׵ڤȻֻһСʣСҲüٵġ
ǹûҵѡ
Կ߼սףҲͬʱʼӦФ׷Ͷ֮С
Ҳûж˵ֱʣµһսף߽޵Ƭ̺󣬴ӻ޵˳

һ߿漴дݳ޾⣬ȻȻսײգۼ䣬С
ʮս׳׻۵ͬʱ
ʱʮ貵˲ʮФб
С
ȻԿʮФӰ̾գ̻ᣬÿһޱȡ
ʮս׹λ˲Ϣ䣬Ф󶼷·һʱ֮ڴתʮФУʱ۵ٶȣص̵ٶȣһ־˵ĲΡ
һʱһꡣһʮʱʮꡣ
иܵФеı仯Ҳӿֳһ˿ǿҵ𾪡
ڣʮФڵʮսףÿһ춼൱ڱʮ꣬ʮꡣɳʮꡣʮս׵ٶȴӿ졣
Ҫ˶ʱ䣬пɹԳչ¶â
£ʮսֻ·ͬһ㣬ںϣ໥һɹȻסΪȡһ֡սףֻ´ӽ󣬶ǶǶһ޶Ĵڡ
³ʦ̾
ʮФΪФսס
׵ͷ漴ˣ˵ʮФսһȻҪѡ˵ģսΪУΪ״սףײս״вֻҪõսϿɣͿִһФսסִߣ뷷ΪФػشףػաФػ񣬷ǿ߲ܵΡ
ФػڿʮФս׺һͷ
Фսһ鱦ֻҪõսϿɣһͨˣҲܷӳصǿΪػ׻ʳս
仰ǶԴ׳˵ģͬҲǶ׻ʳеİ˵ġȥȻȻıڶУһвû
Фսףһ鱦Ҫִܹƣֱһ졣
лᣬϿ˵ˣ˭лᣬֻҪܵõФս׵ϿɾͿԣҪŬΪǿߣǻ϶ҪĶࡣ
հͷ
ڴ׻ʳУȱ׿ǿߣܶͽУŴǿߣûжܹƿһ鱦ջջʵ̫ˡ
˵Фսȥ鱦ҲδǼޣ˵ԽΪĻӵеݵλ췭ظı仯
ʮФػ񡣡
ͨУ๩Ҳһ˿һ뷨
Щ꣬ͨеĹɲ٣ӵܣʵɢǿߡ
Ƴǣһֵϡ
Կһһͯڽι䣬ǶԷ򸾶һͽ˵Ĵ磬ϴŸеŮȻʮƯȴҲòһ˿߸ŵĺֻͯ߰꣬Ȼ
ϲǼսס
С˵
Ƿ쳤󣬺úϸոҲ˵ˣֻҪõսϿɣͿԳΪս׵ִߣΪФػ񡣵ǺΪһФػ񡣡
Ц˵


1425 ʩ
ģһŬΪФػػػףػ°աС¶ᶨ֮ɫ֪ΪʲôڿǼսʱвһһɶһ޾Уܵ
Ѫе
ŷһ
ҲЦ˵Ҫѧãѧϰ䣬ѧԺлᣬܽ벻ѧѧûѧԺУкܶ಻ʦԽ̵ǣ棬кܶ඼ǴӾ۵ľˣսɱŷḻʿ㲻ǿߣϵľ飬̵Ǵ´ࡣиϵͳѵеĳʶɱͽҪ̫ࡣ
׻ʳУսвٽʿսܵˣΪԭ򣬲òѡۣۺ󣬴׻ʳûǡ
ЩɶϹսıʬɽѪɱľ
ͳһаţЩţΪ죬ҲһתҵоǰŽѧãѧԺ֮УΪʦ̵ֻ֮ɱ֮Ϊ׵ĺͯɡ
Щ۽ʿҲô׻ʳѧãѧԺܹٵ衣
ڣÿɳУѧãѧԺѧɣѧԺ졣ѧ֪ʶԼϵĻ֪ʶʦ̵úܶе·ߺܶ·
ڣ׻ʳдʼɳﵽɣ߽ѧԺĽ׶Ρ
һ㣬ѧմﵽ׶ʼɣ壬ҪĥꡣﵽʱͿʼ񺣡һײ㣬˳ѧԺ֮С
ѧԺꡣ
УܲӱǾȫŬʡ
ĻѧԺҲʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ѿû𣬲ͻǣѾ졣
Ҫ֪ڹʱʮͿԽӡɼҵ
磬ˣѣ˳ĸ죬ңԪ棬ĻУһͷܳɾǱĬ£յߣڷı䣬õ޴
ӲҪ˵ˡ
ڴ׻ʳУȱʳԵĺãԪǵԣףһʮ꣬Ѿ˸ûһ׾Ҳһװˡ
ԣ׻ʳôţѾȫǵ̡Ͱ£һͯõƵ
ǿǿ
֪ĺ
ЩǺ󻰡
ʮФս׽ѡФػ֮Ҳûͣתػʹ
ȻҲ׷ɢȥֻһжӿֳһ˿һĿФػѡ񣬿û޶κݣпܣ˭лΪФػλãֻʮңݵλѾעʮֳȻ
ʮФս׶ʲôҪòɹ
Ǻѯʵ
ʲôҲǺûг׳֮ǰ˭޷Ԥ⣬ƷʱȻõФһɣЩս׻һʱƿʱ֮鱦սףӵи컻ص
Ц˵ڶòɹһ㣬Ҳһ֮Уÿһ죬൱ʮ꣬ţҪ˶꣬ʮսף
Ȼʱֻ֮ʮФ֮ڡ൱µġ
һʮ꣬һʮ죬һڵФսף㱻ǧٰʮꡣ⻹ֻһ꣬Ҫ꣬꣬ʮȥǾʱǨ
ʱ⣬ټʮФпԿ϶Ҫ˶ãʮս׾п׳սںϣФںϣΪһģսףκˣǱսϿɵƿߣҲֻʱƿյĹޣФ
˵У֮Уʮƽʥ£һϣӵпoǿս֪뽫ʮФսȣǿ
ƽʥ£Һڴһ졣
¶һ˿Ц⡣
ţФս׵Ĵڣһƽʥһϲ
ϣǾš
Ҳܿ죬ʮѣϰ꣬УҲǵָһӼ䣬ǿ߶ԣʱ䣬˿ûӰ졣
Ц˵
屾壬һ˯˯꣬ǳе飬ȫֵһᡣ
鱦ɲһ㣬˶̵ʱڣͿԵõʮУǾԵĴ¡䣬ЩսףǷ͵鱦̶ȣһ㡣
ˣ磬
ͻȻѯʵ
׻ʳ磬嫺ڣҲһϾ׻ʳҲû˳һһĿһһȵʢᣬȻ忴۵סȻҲ֪
ӭȢ벳嫺Ϊ׼ҡҴ׻ʳһһȵ磬һμ磬׻ʳس׽ҲԵõ롣ԣҶȥͲ֪᲻ǰ
Ц˵
Ϊ׼ңһ̬ȡ
ûйϵã̬Ѿݹȥܶ飬Ҫٶ˵

嫺
һѾڷ嫺ǰǿҲڿš
δ׻ʳ磬ǵҪҪȥ磬ǴһһҪʢᣬдسԻǰɳǵĳҲִǰȥμӣ˵ԽӰøǿ
˵
ӰɣҪԳǿ
Ҫ֪ǻ۴׻ʳĺĲ㣬ƿŴ׵һУӰ쵽һЩˣʣ˵һ־޴档
ȥȻҪȥ֮ǰţ²֣У鲼֣ѾԳʵڴףǾչһĲƸô¶ֻ֪Ҫ壬ǾòĲƸ
嫺۶ָ˵
Ѿ¶һΣѾ׻ʳΪ׼ң¶ɣЩ̫ˣӮȡģἤУɲ档ҪǱĬҪϵô׶ӡת䣬ӿܣܣӲܣ׽ܲɷֵϵϣ顣
׼ôѵ϶Դ׵ĳʩǲЩ̫ˣңǵ׻ʵ棬˵׻С
¶һĲ졣
Ȼ뷨ûС
ϵ棬ԳʩӶݣǶôԽܵ飬Ϊֱڴһֳ׵׵Խʱ򣬾˫϶Ūò̫ÿ
ҲĶ
չֳĵ̣ڵӡ
޷пɲǸʡ͵ĵƣֹġ
嫺ȻһЦƽ˵


1426 Ŀ
ܽ׻ʳ˳һ򵥵ˣټ򵥣ڣҲˣеĳǸû˿Դõ
ѡ񲳺ʼͺУԲһյʡ͵ĵơƴ£ڴ׻ʳںаԵпܶȥ
Ȼ򲻵ѣ嫺ҲԸƻ΢ľơ
ӭȢ磬Ѿж̬ȣ٣ǾԲ塣ǵĿģֻһǾǣΪ׻ʳĹޣޡͼڡ
һǿ߻˵
Ŀġ
Ϊ׻ʳĻޡǵõͼڵݡ
ʲô
һ˳һǩԼңƽԼԼ֮£˳У޵ݵλӵųȻĵλңܹ˳ˣܹӰϣԴԴϵĶ˳ʩӰ졣ͼڶܸĳɹ޵ģ
һǩԼҪǳʲôʣ˳޴Ӱ졣Ȼ޸ܵԴԴϵˣˣֱ׳޵ˡһһپ١ȻƽԼ£ջҪ˴˵ʵʵǿģվռ൱λ
ǩԼɲǩģҪ˫ĸԸͬ⣬˳еİϿɣɡ
ҪȻ˭ûа취ױһλ˳֮ȥ˭ǩԼ
Ҫʩ
ӱʵ
ѣеıʤҪʩǲټ򵥲
嫺Ц˵ȥ׼һ£磬嫺ȥˡǰ
ǣ
ԥĴӦ

ʱһΣ֪һϦ֮ҹ
ϦǾӭ£Ҽһ԰һɷһڴǰȫɨĹһ´Ϣ
ѩޣѩޣϲϢ
һɳ֮ڣѾȫס˴աÿһԵʮֵ֡ϣɳ⣬ÿһ˶ԵüΪϲãܶУֻĿ⡣
һУ·һ
ȫ벻ġ
Ǹһ뵱ûҲн졣
ôõн죬Ҫл׻ʱ£л׻ʳûдףûнǡ
ǰ˹ӣǰɽ£ȻҲܻɹĸо͸ûһӣκͷںˣΪʿܻһЩǮƣúҸΪżҴڽӴŮ
ɲǣҷһ׼úһЩֲŬ꣬Ǿʲôˡ
ѩУܶնǾۼһ𣬷̾
ÿÿɳı仯ȫǷ·˼ɾָоȫǵ߸Եģ̫ˣڴ׻ʳĹǰδеǿҡ
ûжԱȣܿеĲ
Ӧùӡ
֮ȣµ޷
£ѩУֱܶڼеĻҹݡڴ׵ӵȫǷĵġ
ţѩѾ¸
Ѷһоͳ졣ѩÿṩˣվ
飡
ҹȻʱ
ƳϿգһѤ̻գų貵ĹʡյĻ
Ļ棬ڴ׽ڣһɳмܿһ̣ޣѩޣԿߵ쵺㵺ӥϣһ̻ͬУţ̻УյĻкͯĻЦ
һöö貵̻ҹšֳָ̻ܶܿѤͼҹбüΪ貣׽֮ϣѾ׻Ϊҹ졣
ոռ׻ʳİգԾĶԴһֹͬԭȵ貵̻УһɨգܵԼѾӭδǰȴ
лףл׻ʱ£û뵽ǾȻн죬ĳϦڡ
ڰĽաװ
շĵĸ̾
ڽһУȫᵽǺεȵ֮סֵȥǻȥػ
ȥȣ׵İͼøӾ޴󡣲УҲһֽȣ飬°տɶǿ۵ףûа취ı䣬ΨһģǴ׻ʳԼʵ
Ըá
ԸҴԸ׻޽
ϣܳɼңȢһλͻݵӡ
ͬʱܿһյյͻȻӵ𣬳Ʈȥ
ǵƣ͸ʮơ
ֻõƣȡΪƣƮģëֻҪһȻȻͱϸ߿գңƮԽƮԽԶңڳеľʯȻȻĴ߶ģ滹̺ġз硣
ֻҪʯûг꣬ǳƾͲӿ¡
ֳƣʵҲ칤еĲ˵칤һС⣬С䵽ͱû
ڣһַŷɳƵϰߡ
ڳдԸдףܵõˡԸ档
ĳƣڴ׻ʳ£ʮֵС
ѾҪΪһϰˡ
ϾⳤƲ˶õ
ԣһʱ䣬Կ׳գ֪УѾŷյƣУȫƣͷ·һöö貵ǳһ㣬ǻ棬ȫ޷ݡ
ƯƯľɫֱǲ˼顣
ڴױԵӱȻһȺϺзںϡϿգҲһ֮ɫ
˾̾
ȫ޷ͳô˼顣
ߣҪʼˣȥ硣
һۺ󣬶Ȼ˵
УУ˵ʵڣȷʵЩʡ
ѧС
̧ۿգ۾̾³̺¥˭Ρ
Ȼϡө㣬;Զౡ
˼ÿǧԸƽֳ
Ʈҡʹδ
нգн񳯡΢̾󣬲Ҳ׵ͷŻʹȥ
׻ʹ
԰ڣŮرߡݺһ羰
ڻʹУһˮһȻҪѡһ԰֣ѡ԰֣ΪȻɲһƬ֣һƬֻϣƯź񷤣Щÿʱÿ̶ںƮʮ
һķ羰
ÿһ񷤣ž޴Ŀռ䡣
棬ѣһƣһϯȣκµܡĽ
˿̣ЩϣȻԿѾڷŴϯ档һͲǷȻϢ
ζȣȻǰڷŵ
ʼ׷̤񷤡ǺѣЯˣʱѾַǷҪ֪׻ʳڵɳȥ꣬νٴαǡ


1427 
ѩôһƬټϺдµϽɳǣһУ׵İͼһһ˾̾֡Ȼʼո¶ͷǣʽ̤ϴ׻ʳĸ߲㡣Ҫ֪Щ˭ӹţӹͱˢȥˡ
һۼһȻ̸Ц໥һľ飬˵ŸڵһЩ飬Ƕصز˴֮䣬ȫϣһЩ໥ͨޡ׻ʳڣɳ֮䣬ͬҪġ
ҪȻôȥ
Уܱ߻Ұп·岿£ѹϣ׵ȵȣЩΪһ֮ҪĹ׺׽壬ԱƵĹϵ໥ףͨޣЩܴʵ棬пӵŴĺö
Ȼڶ壬Դŵ岿䣬ԴѹΪͽ˽Ұ޲ɱͬЩвģֱӷ
ƽʱûôõĻԾۼһȻҪץסᡣúý̸
顣
ܳΪһ֮ģ˭˾
֪УУѾַǷЦﲻϡ
˭ûݵλΡ
ŮСһһ֮ϣźˮΣȷʵһĿܡ
λΪϦûݵλ֣֮ҿɾ񻶡ԸҴף첻ϣԸҴףبų档
пűѾĲ࣬ңʱҲˣ漴ǰľƱЦ˵Ļ
ԸҴף첻ϣԸҴףبų档
ʣ
ˮڣ˷׷վͬĺɫǴһָ߿뼤ɫҲһ˿׻ʳδУǳϣġ
һһá
ٶȣÿж̺һŻ档ֻҪǰĲ׻ʳ綼ΪؼһķᱮлȥΪᱮеĻʯǧţԺ顣
ϣبų棬Բ˵˵ѣô롣
ΪʿͨҪ̫ࡣ
ǸϣһĻʳ
ͬ
ЦŵͷƱ˵漴һƣһںȥβʣڳıͣȻˡ
嫺
ʱ̫࿪ڴѶϢ
Ȼˡ
һͷȴ¶˿ƽĵͷ˵룡
ϵıҲͬʱͣˣ˭ȻҪֳڴ׻ʳ
Ƭ̼䣬Ϳһǰ
Ϊ׵ģȻǰӱˣ󣬸һѤ£òɫǧһһŮǣϻһˮᣬ˿һۣȷʵһȺǵŮ
úܶ˿ǰһĭ
һȺŮ֮࣬Ȼвǧ֮һ𣬼ֱһķ羰
ƣ׻ʱ¡
ŮҲһ棬漴ͳмɫ䵹ûκư
ֵʮǫѷ
ȢǾѾݡ
Ц˵
ǵȻԣǰԷԸһҪΪϲĽһݺҪ֪ĽտʮֹעǴڣһһȡǾӭ£νشǴ磬۴£ӢšΪοҵ࣬Ҳ׼һݱ񡣻Цɡ
Цſ˵
˵ţֻĹةкȻһֻϻǰ
ֹƺǲͬ⣬ҪڳʩӶݣһݴ
ʱһĿ⳯п˹ȥȻҪʲô
һ鶼ʼնһƬƽϲŭƺոյһжûһ
ˢ
ةеϻ򿪣Ȼ䣬ֻϻУ·Ǭһ򿪣ɢһŨˮ֮ʹ緢ˮУ̺Թ
ɲǼ䣬ѾΪһɫΣ糱ˮɢȥǰμȫڣҲͬˡ
ڱǵͬʱܸܵһŨ糱ˮӿڡ
̲ܶסͱĿĸܵڵѪȫݳǰδе泩ڵľţУһ˿˿ɫԴԴϵıˢͷ·ˮѪд󣬶һϴ衣
չǺεȲ˼顣
ţʷı䣬ͨˣ뵽ŵС
ôֱ̫ˣû˿Ծܾĵز
ʣеǱܸоԴڷı䣬ԭȵһЩˣȻϢĻΪУײڡȻûֱΪȴʵʵڵĸ˷ΪȲϵĺô
úܶпֻǷླϴֱ֮ӾͿԽ߲ΣǶôĶݡңݲǶһˣ׵ĺĸ߲㡣
һĵͼ˵ǳİǰ
ƫƫֶݣûܹܾ
ͬҲûи˾ܾĻᣬ벻ܶѡͺ㲻ҪǮҲҪǮӲĿڴһ
һ㣬жֹҲֹ
ܿϱϴˢڵ۹˲Ϣ䣬ˮ֮ˢɾȫûκκۼָоʵ̫ˡ
ۣû뵽嫺ôֱʣﶼԸ嫺ĸ
һ˵
ϻװģȻǴ˵еۣʲôһƬĸкڣͻԴԴϵˮ޾ҪûкһƬ򶼻֮ʼ㣬޷ۺˮ壬ӲС
ֻӵкۣܿٳҪȻҲܳ档
ۿǺöԲκ鱦ѷɫ棬һö۾֧һƬ򣬸ӲҪ˵۶κ飬ϴǿѪ׳ʵһ˵ǾԲú뿪뿪
ڣƫƫʹˣңԺ֮вμˣȫϴ裬ǿʡ
˵ӽ󣬸ţ˶лΪǿߡָı䣬ǵ߸Եġ
۲ǲܶҪ֤ȫ²Żᶯοʸúۡ
Ц˵
Ϊ壬۵Ҫԣÿһ壬ڳ󣬶ǵһʱ䰲Ž뺣ۣܺ۵ϴԣʵĻдûйͨģһż
һϴ񣬲֪У͹ȥʱ
֮ةٴιϻ֮ʧؼˮ֮ҲɢУûϴϢ㡣


1428 ³Ե
һ϶¶ϲɫĿʶĿСȻûΪһЩݾʲô˼
ĵľٶѾĿŵˣȫû˿Ĺ˼ɡȻҪе˼ҪζԴ塣
ˣȻ˴һݺĳҲˣȺл⡣
Цſ˵εĶݣһ㶼ûҪƾЩ׻ʳĸ߲㣬һ㣬Ȼǳ˵Σһݴ񣬸лҪлӹȻҪԵСҪȻ̫˷ˡ
ʵʵڵĺôôܲҪ
ҪȻҪֹȫ·ӡۣú۵ͷųڴ׻ʳУ죬־ϣ˿Υ档
л
ƳҲЦ˵
ԴˣȻܡ
Ƕݣ벻ܣı䲻ǵõݵ飬嫺˵һһȥܶණȻȻ顣
Щ
ӱָǧˣ˵Щһѡġӽڴף͸úƶ㡣ǸǲӦ͹ճ޾ӵġԺҲǴ׵ˡ
ǧŮȻһ壬һǾеľ񣬸͡
͸ư磬ⲻ͵͸ô
£ҪŮ
һ壬ǿǳڳŮǹɫ㡣͵ʹҪʲôҪûʹ鲼ĿҪг׳磬Դ˲糯
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Ŀһ˿䣬аԴĦͼͳЩô϶⣬ңͼıԲС
ˣЩ˱ˡ磬Ϧ֮ҹλһúƷһҴ׵ĸʳȡ
ƽ˵
־ʭӶҲûйϵˡһ
ãҪƷһ´׵ʳ
¶Цݡ
ڴ׻ʳʳȷʵѾãǰͳԹܸȣȻȻͬĲΡ
һιͬǴҪΪѣһ١
磡
еȻһЦֱʾһ¡
漴ʽʼ
ֻһŮ紩ڸߣϽʳȷÿһϯϣٽѾȥʳĿһûпףӷ׷׿ʼڳԺ
һУзֺܶµֲ߲˵ȵȣַܺ󣬷׷ױɳʦеʳġ
磬ѩовֲ߲ˡѩܲˣһޣѩ졣ǶǺʳѽټϴ׻ʹŷĴտգÿһݶǶʳ
ᷢʳ
ң⿳ʳǶǿԴ󲹾жſ𣬺ڿУǳȫĸܵС
磬ˮϯԴԴϵʳ
ииʳ̲裬ȵȵȣϵĳ֡
յȥЦϦ֮ҹַǷǺܶϯУųţ͸оԼͻˡ˵籾һλԵģٶܻȡٵĺôӲҪ˵λõϴ裬ȫ̥ǡɲ˲ˡ
ϯУʮҡ

ҹ粻֪Ѿҹʮ㡣ڴǾӭµһʱƳǻڴ׻ʳɳУͬһʱ̣̻ҫ񷡣ҹ׻Ϊҹ죬Ѥλһ㡣
Ҳ֮бͷ׷ȥ
һ̣׽ʮһꡣ

ڶɹϦ֮󣬰ӱȴӷϴźۣȻҶҪǺ۳ʲô⣬ɵĺ˭޷ܵġȴ
ʮȻƳ졣
ڵʱʹ԰С
밽һͤС
ҴܱߺУУд֮ǰõӵѪ֣վ񣬿ѾҴ׸ɳɾ޴ܵˣ֪ܷЩԼһⷢͻ
ƽĿ˵
ȻǴͨһŦһ㣬Ȼ᲻ڹ꣬ҲȻĽ˹ʽ潻̸
ЩȻҪ潻̸ܵó
Уûа취飬УҲ˵ŸѪһЩ֮ѪϵѪϡޣʵ򣬱ͬģѿӵѪˣΪѪǿ֮øӵŨǲѹЩֺޡȻƾѪȻѹƣ޷ǲĴѪ塣
ҡҡͷ˵
Щⷱȥֻ»⣬ҴɳǵĻֻҴ޷֡
΢΢ü˵
ѱ棬̬Ҫȥġ
Ҫ޳Ǻʣ֣һҪɱһҪ
ɱѪɺӣҲԲһһءǴ׻ʳѪĽΣ
ΪҪٴѪҲϧ
ݸ˵ҪһʱսɱУʹѪɳɱ䡣һɱ䣬ܾǣ
˵Ȼֶͻһη壬Ǵܱ߽øӡ˵ԱⱻЩ޳ˡ

һĨɫһţҲûз֡
ɲʲôС£Ӱ쵽׻ʳϰ׵һ¡Ǹ漰漰Ը档һһӣһʰľ档
ǾоԲԸ⿴
ԣûֱӻӦ
뷨϶嫺ҪֱӼӵĿʼִ׻ʳ
ֶΣȻǺֶΣһŴ󵶣һŴ棬˴ѡ񣬲һ֣档ʵʵڵı֪ĹһҪ־ܡ
азһ̾
ֶβƫƫûа취ƽ⡣ʵʵڵʵѹ
ûѡ
㲻òѡ
˵ͿԱ⺣ϮǱ˵޷ѹƺޣƨ
Ҫִ׻ʳ飬пɲԸɿڣ˵ȻЩûǣǾӦû㲻ĽףǳɳǣҴֻѡѹʱҪҪ
̸ȻûбҪȥ
û죬Ҳ뿪˴ף
еļţ̸ȫ˵һ顣
˼׻ȷʵһˣеҰĿɲСҪԿ޳ҪԳǴ׻ʳʵôϣܹĻǱ֡
嫺ȻһЦ˵


1429 鱨
ĿģʼնҪΪ˳еĹޣͼڣΪԴͷĻԴԴϵȡˣ׻ʳͬˡһν̸ɣҲһ̽һν棬б¶ҪĶҪǴӦȻǽԴϲ
ҪǲӦǺʣЩֺޣǲæѹģȻ˵ֻǾ֮ͣɾҲ֡
ֻԾ޳ĥѣ֪ǿ󣬲֪ܵӽжôĺô׳Ϊޡ
ıֱԾԵʵȡ˿ûй˼ɡ
Ÿ£ԸȻҶãܣǾͲҪ֮޳ۼء
Ȼѡ񳼷Ǿ͵ű޳û򣬾ֻѡ񿿽塣
׻ʳʵʮǿǿ߱ӡƣ޷뿪£ҪԸףҲһ׵飬ӲҪ˵Ҳǿ߱ӡҪƷ⣬δػѷɫκ壬ԣҪôЩֺޣǼõֶΡ
ֺ޷ܵٶȼΪˣһǳǧȫһһѣҪж٣ٶ࣬Ҳ˴ţϾֻ֣ΪйϵǾйϵΪûйϵǾһȺϣеڻҶѡ
ֻǳĽɫȫûκʹĸо
üȵţʱԽԽӵ
嫺ƽ˵
ûһԾͽ׸㶨£Ϊǰ䡣

֪еС
ڼƳ壬˳ڴС
ڴеԵЩѹ֡
밽̸ĹڴҲӦúһ˵һ˵һ飬⵽ʲô㡣
г˵
밽ֿҲһʱ佫ټЩǴең롣ıǻϣλж⡣Ǵʲô⣬ȻҪúôĦĦ
簽˵ʵܱߺ޵ģЩޱ֮УֻΨһ벻⣬ݱ䵽ڵľ棬ȻΪķΡ屾ҪЩ޳䵱ǰ䣬ǴףӦò֣Ҳ׷ϾǴ׻ʳɲӡУͬûǿߣ壬һҪ˼ɡ
Ƴһ˵
Ǿ仰岻˭ĶҲеôһƿӡչ¶ʵǳֵġһ㣬֪Ϊһ˳߲еģ˭ʲôľٶһжڹС
ݰ˵ĿģΪ˽
΢޷ǾҪռԸǽӰܵķȥҪǣһɣĴ㣬ҪΪͼڡǡ
Ǵ׻ʳĹޡ
ڼ˵
໥һۣڱ˴пһ˿ͬɫ
ޣ⣬Ŀġ
ܴģ¾壬״ݻٴ׻ʳ£Ǿֻн׻ʳεս֮ϣԶ롣
һΪޣΪͼڣǺԴ׻ʳôµı仯
ȫǵ߸Եġ
ԲܴӦҰģ˼·˽ֻ֪Ҫٹһʱ䣬Ȼ뷢ҳͻվһߣȻܵ޴Ӱ졣ؼǣΪͼڣ⽫ϮһֶԾϵϮ
Ƴϵ˵
ؼ䣬һֺܿµ˫н񣬲ܶ಻˼ı仯Ǹıһ˵Ըϰԡ־˶ʢı䣬ⲻϵūۣȴū廹£Ǿϵūۣһʼпһӱٵ
ഫЩoٵУӵдͽЪͽȫģ׸oˣĳϣѾûĶ˸еֻΪoһеͷһȥκεԥ
ʧȥУʧȥ˸񣬽еһУ鹦飬³ʮַеġ
ǰͨ˵ʱ飬Ȼûа취ֻܱܣ˶̤֮·Ҳ飬ǱԼǿһʿѣȫûбҪȥĤݣֻҪŬԼԼܳɷ
ū飬Ϊ顣
ԣ׻ʳڣûΪʲôoԭȵʲôʴۣʲôɽأȫû˭ûж롣
Ǵ׽ʼߵһ·
û˭ܸ߸ϡ
ҪǴӣڴ׵Ӱ̫޴
Ҫǽ嶨ΪޣҡȡԲС
ĿĲ⣬²һҪһĲʳҴ׻ʳѪԴԴϵѪȻвӣҪϸӦԲС
Ҳͷ˵
ޣԲΪޡ
ųĴˣҪľ񣬶ҪΪޡ
ˣȻ֪ĿģǾӦ֮ڻǸ˺Ƥʱ̣Ҳѡ˺ټŮݣ׻ӵŦۣҪ̫ǣ֪ͨȥغɳʱӦ޳׼ȻҪ޳Ҵ׾͸ҽ
оһЦ˵ѪǣͲʬ̫ࡣοҴ׵ĽδԼš
ĿļȻҪΪ׹ޣΪͼڣǾӵ㹻ռ䡣
Ǽţ˵ɿ̵ıԵ
䣬Ϸ־ҴӦʶȥˣʲô
м˵
Ϸ־ŵӴκǨƵ׻ʳУûѡͳˣѡڴ׻ʳԸܴ׵ķ飬һ£аյ澳Щѡȥᣬǵ;˵٣Ȼ֪ĺ
ֵʼûнעɹ
Ҫң׾֪䡣
ǣ£һʱû棬΢־ֵ˽⣬֮ⷬ󣬶ڴӦòκο֮ġ΢ҪǰϲҪջһš־֣ǿһλ֮š
Ц˵
ɫԥĴӦȻϷ־ʮֵ˽⡣
ǾͺãҵŹĺϢ
׵ͷ˵
ʱֻͯͻȻ˽һܱ
ûгɣ򿪺һۣҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
漴ͯʣѯʵ鱨׼ȷжߡ
ʮɡ
ͯƶ˵
ʤ㣬û뵽ʺ⻹ǰ۲ӣҪ壬ξȻܵôһط˼
ζķһ


1430 
Ҳû뵽λᷢʧˣֵе̽ϸѲʼûҵǵټû뵽ⱻ֡ңǴڶܵķΧ֮ڡ
ͯҲ˵
ʤʺʼնûи˭֪ĪľʧˣڿӦ뿪ޡǱֵ̽ˡ
Դӷߴֵ֮̿Ѿʼйעгܱ̽򣬻嫺ͼзǵټңǣڵ½ϣֶߵټ
ͯʼ˵
г챦Щ׻ʳԸʯΪƳĸгԹͨķЯͣԣгͿĿвãǿʼ뿪׻ʳϳŴܱ߽̽ϵĴӸա
Ͼ׻ʳڵգѾΪҪţǴ׻ʳ˿ڵԶǲģԣг½أֻҪգͣ£гԴ׻ʳĹٷԱİܣ;вϷʹ
׻ʳ
ԣÿ춼вٵϼҴڵĵгִ׻ʳ˳ĵǼǻȡ켮֮ɻţɳǡæ
Ͼ׵ɳǣÿһǰϰ˿ڵľסģġһʼЩɳǸոؽʱֻǨʮսȥҲ˵ЩɳǶʮϰ˿ڵءңŴײţϽµɳ¡
ԭɳеİգٵڶǨơ
ϾÿһǨƣ׻ʳٷŻߡ
ԣ׻ʳÿ춼µ˿ӡ׳
־ٶԿʼ󣬾ûֹͣ
ȴ׻ʳڵİڵգǳϦһ䣬ԣһ־޴ʧ˵ÿ˿ڡľĸгףͽԭпܻ˿ڣ
һ㲻ʲô
ǳ֮ԺȥԻٳɶࡣΪһֿɹ۵֡
ͬгҲΪ׶ܱ߻̽٣嫺һֱǴײ̽Ŀꡣ
ڶԣƳ嫺ͼΧǴ׻ʳСЩֵڰܽСһΣ̽鵽µ½ء
Ƭ½صķΧСѩѷɫ
½ϣִ壬дһȺѾƬ½Ϸ׳ģʮ־ˡԲСĿ
ͯʣ˵Ƭ½صʲô
׵ͷѯʵ
ге֪̽Ƭ½غ治жˣ׻ưգҲд壬ҪǣЩ˽˳Ϊ֮Ϊ֯ų᪴ߣ뷷᪴Ϊͼڡ
ͯʿ˵ǴʮֲԾΪҪ·ңУƺӣħ˻һ𡣼ΪҡڴУΪ٣ΪϵˣһİΪµˡ衣¾ɱ¾
ʤھʹڴ֮Уһڣҿֻ»塣ǲҪֽȥһѡ
ͯ˵ʤҲһĹŹ֡
һҲ֪ô£ܳ϶ֲˣ綼ҪһЩߵҪսҡ壬ֺɾûа취ȵĽһƬúõķչ׳󡣿һҵ
԰᪴ΪͼڣȻ֯ųȷʵһ򵥵ԣ˳¡Ҳһۣô˵֮ǰĴ̿ߣӦþǴӴп纣ȥѶһЩ׽ߡ
׵ͷ
Ҳĵס
֯ųû˿Сӡ
ʷУǶľ֮һ
֯ųԭβŹĴͰսлƽԪĴȫͨӵĻĩѳ壬𽥿ƾ֮ʽ²䡱ĸ죬ͳһȫձΪĿꣻȺδơųΧжԴƣһձ
ʩдʹûǹսʵбũ룬óףٽͨ·ߵȵȸߣձĵ·ɹԽܵطΪձĻĵشʹ֯ϳΪձսʱǿĴ
һľһ档
ں֮󣬸ˮһʰ
չֳ󡣽
ھʲôڻδ֪ϾгֻǴнգᶺ̫֪ĺܶ鱨ȫǴƬ½Ͻ˵ġ
ڳʤǵأͲǰֵ϶ŪһЩ¶ˣģǵҪ²ôסᡣҪӦԵģǼ޳
м˵
ʤ㣬ڿûʱȥᡣ
ǾʺǴкúõһ֣δһ¡Ͼڻûа취Դ𹥻
֪˱¡
ͯʵͷӦ
ռ鱨ܿĽ嫺ڵͼɡ
ͼڽţش塣
¹󣬰ë죬ʹ뵺ͩɽ
һ󣬼ڼ˸뿪
Ԫëһǰۼأʹ塣
ͬʱغɳǣϿʼӱ
ͽ˷׷׻ۡ
׻ʳڣһĿ֮Сû˻᲻֪׵ĴףʵҪԣܹıһС
ʱȻš
֪УһʱȻɹ
ʱʮꡣ
һУ׻ʳûпʼţɳǶһϢ״̬Уѻĵأʳֲҩ԰ÿ¶ܸо˵ı仯
ÿһյΪʵڷ޴ɱ䡣
ԴȥһҪѡȻ󲿷յʲߣɴĽϾʺõģ׷ͻƵͼкܶ඼ֻ۳ͨͼǽͼ֪ʵڱ
ӲҪ˵ǾС
еĽʿÿһʵ췭ظı仯
ʵģѾͻƵͼ˵ǿߡ׿ģǿླ
ٴαǡ
һʱ䣬ûдģսڴ״ı仯ʵ̫ˣһҪԣױȡ
ëʹ飬һһȥĲǱģȻݻԼֱ塣ȡǣԴӦԼޣһԴ׻ʳ˺
ô׻ʳȥвԸӰĵķչ׳һ׻ʳڣͬͰһ㡣


1431 
ڴ׶ԣһʱΪҪ
׽ĸӽʵѾ׻ָ۷壬г鲼գÿնһɳأҰͽ˲ϳгǰҰɱޡԼж岿䣬֮Уȹɽ
ؼȴԽԽѹ֣εѹÿʱÿ̶ӣͨ˶ܸܵѹ֣ƺһֱ꼴ٵĸо·ǿ籩ǰ
ϢںУ޵Ѿһʮֿµĳ̶ȣ棬ף飬ȫ壬˭޷㵽жٺ֡ǲͽ˳ûɱޣ޼¡Ժ޵ıûаá
޳۵ļѾԽԽԡ
һ̾ͻ֡
һ졣
ʹ֮ڡ
кȻھ֮С

һǧȫĥԲءȹ̣ԪѾ£Ǹö֣ͻơ
һ۾
Դӵɹ֮Ѿȥһʱ䣬Ҫ˵еĻѾͻƵһǧĲΣֻһֱΪͻ̫죬Ҫϸ棬´ĥһзһδδһδδĥڵĵзȫﵽԲľء
ȻѹƵԭҲӡĹϵ
Ͼӡֻ龳ȻͻƵԽԽáȻҲܲͻơʵǴﵽ޿ɽĵزҲֻѡͻƣˮɡ
ڴﵽһûѹơ
һ䣬ͷųʱһǧȫչֳع
һɲǼ䣬ûκμ
ĸоӽŵװӿȪѨڵλãһɻƾӿֳ糱ˮӵⲻ಻Ƿ𣬶
֣֡
ܿ£𣬷֮ģһȼյҪȻкܶ취֮ͬʱֱӾڣӿȪ
ʮֹ졣ȫΪȼϣȼڵᣬ޿ײ룬ǹᴩģȻܹѪ⣬ȫ
κǿʣȻ̺棬һûͷ·ʯͷһΪľûһлȻ
ܹʴꡣʮְԵ죬ƺܹѪȼյ֮һԵʹԴԴϵӿֳƺѪҪ
пһǿʿѪȻһ壬𣬶ѪѲ˺ǣÿһѪУһķܶȣǴﵽ˷ָĵز͵޷
Ŀ黹Ԫ
ϣڵ
Ĵڣͺǻһ㣬𣬻ͻԽӵʢԵ
ͬԪ񾳵й̡
Ԫ񾳵ǽԪ񲻶ϴʱȻȻɱ񾳡Ǻ£ʱͬԪʱ̣ʱȻȻɢΨһѣܷ֧ȥ
еֵطֿʼǰȫԽطǹ죬ǿη֮ܿ֡һûмܡ
ֽ٣ͬҲһ컯
֧ŹȥУ̻ӡؼǣž޴ĺô
ȫܸܵѪУʱûȻһ塣
ĸøӵοȹ̡
ʹ֮࣬
Ԫ񲻶ϴݳҵʹ࣬ʹ顣衣ÿʱÿ̶ͬڵ֮У־಻ĳֳ˾
֪Уܿļƺʼʧȥ󣬱øࡣڲ
һ죡
죡
죡
˵ʱͬľһУͻȻɢǿۿɼٶȻָ󣬲ϸֳ⡣һѪ˸Źâ
ңֽܻ
л³һ̾
λֶɹԪ񳹵ɱ䡣
ܿУͼСһбȫһģһԪա룬ۡѹǬļ
ԪѾɱ䣬Ҳܲκε
ͷܿһƣϣȻֳȻֻǼΪõȴܸ̺ܵϵϣУƺܸܵһͨÿһصķ۶ɣÿʱÿ̶ڱáɢܹأӳ޷
Ԫ۷壬۶
ȻԪ۷ı־
Ϊˡŷλϱá
ÿһ϶ܿصķ˸һ𣬷·ܸ̺ܵİأޱȡǵÿһж̺һͨıͨ
һȻǵ۵ͨԣ
ӵԳ棬һԿɶǬΰ
ڶıͨͬԵһ˿˿־塣ʱͬͨ
ʲôֻԼ֪
۶ıͨеĵ֮һõĺãԿŤתǬеߵһеɹ֣ڵĵٴαﵽһǧ˰ꡣֻҪ󣬾ͽȻȻɱΪ񡣽񾳡
аԳ
ٴţͼѾʵͼû
ԪؼľǶ֡ɹ֣֮䣬ѾûκαݣȫԸܵԪڲϳɱ䣬һɹɴ֮ԪС
̣ǻԽۺɱٶȾԽ죬ڶԣй˼ɣԼҪ˼ʱ䣬Ϳɱ䡣
Ԫ񣬲Ƕʱѡ
ԣҲûгأѡչأԪÿһ˿仯
һɱ䣬ȥ졣
Ԫһ˿ɱֻԪϣų޾Ĺ⣬һѪ⣬ҫ͸ˮ
ǹâҫֱɢȥ·ΪԴ壬͸ǽڣ͸һУ˷ɢȥ滹ǺҹȴһɲǼ䣬޾ҫ
⣡
⣡
âУܸܵһִϢϣƺɨȥһƣ롣
Ƴǣ˷ȥǴƬеâ׻ʳ¡
⣬֮˽񾳡
⣬ֱǺޱߣǹϢκο֮ġϣ޽
׻ͻƵôȻѾɹ֡ǰѾˡٶôܻô졣
ʿĿãӿֳ޾Ŀ·оκڼ
ںʮʱ䣬ȻͻƵ񾳡˻ٶʵ̫ˡ


1432 
񺣣ϣͼ࣬Ԫ飬֤Ԫ
ﵽ񾳣УѾһͶ㶼и컻صľǿڴ󲿷УǾǿߡ
һԣʿҪͻƵ񾳣ôҪ٣ǧʱпܣҲ޷ʮʱͻơ
ںϵ磬ֻԵŨԪټнɽͼͼ˳˳ţ͵һδĻԵ컯·дܶඥһҪȻԪ񾳲һǧĵУͲǶʱӵеġ
Ȼĵ̵ģԲֻһˡ
嶼ǿߣ졣ܶǿߣںϺѡޡǰΪȫΪֻ̣ҪͰ£Ϊͻƣ񡣺׾ͿʱڣȡΪ磬ӵǿսԣУʼһǧ꣬ǿ߱ʱ
˵ʮ꣬һʱڣֱͻ񾳣龳пܵģ漣ȱ١
д׻ʳ˳ͻ񾳣˳£ˮɡ
ͻƣ˭ͻơ
ԣн񾳺ʿ¶һ˿Ȼ˭ж⣬ãʵӦͻƲŶԡȵ죬ѾǱȽˡ
ڣ񾳡ڽĴսУֶһԱĵԪٴεԱǡ
ϵĹâһţźһ̾Ϳʼвһͷ

ڴʱʶУ׵ģһűɫ뺳֣ƾո֣濴ǵ棬ɼһѺۡѺܿµĺۼ
Ѻۣ಻٣ʮĵѺ۴Ŀġ͸մһ൱Ŀ
ÿһǲĥ𡣴ţѾﵽʮꡣɹʮĸ
ֻǣֻڷɱ䣬һε컯֮ԴԴϵ뵽Сñɫһ㳯ɫɱ䣬ͬʱҲڱ
ֱ仯ȫۿԿġ
Դڱ漣ɱ䡣
ַתͬʱһ˿Īĸ̾Ծĳ䡣ĸܵǱıǡεĽ
УһǨԾɱ䡣
֪УܿȻȻɱɫͨ徧Өɢӯӯ⡣Ѥ
뺣ˣһɫС֮֮ǰҪ֮ࡣ
ԭµѺۣȴûʧʼմϣʮĵЩѺۣڱøУɣԵЩۡ
ԿֻϣѺۡ
֣ʿɫ֡
ɫ֣Ԫʮꡣ
аૡһ¡񾳱µԪʮꡣԼӵУɣѾǿ󵽼¡
Դֱ֡
񾳵̡񾳣ԪԪơ
Ժиֳһͷ
񾳣ɣһȫµ硣
Ԫ۶񾳣Ԫ
һʮľ硣֮УһȫۣͿԴ߶ԪԪУʵԪ촿塣ٴηǨԾɱ䡣
ԣ񾳣ҲֳС磬ֱǣԪơ
壬ơ
񾳣ѡ
һڴﵽԪ֮ʱԪḶֱ́ȥԭȵķ壬ЯԴ봿У׳סӴ֮ɷɡĴ壬Ԫ׽ܸõĸܵصϡбø졣
һǴ󲿷֮ʿյѡ
һ֣ǲԭȵֱ촿ʱеԴһߣԪǺľһԾ뱣֤ӵ㹻ʹ壬ֱ뱣֤Դɢ
Ҫޱǿޱʢ
Ҫ۷ʱ̣ͻơ۴壬ԭȵںϡñɱ䣬һ˲䷢޴仯ѸٱǿԲһһڶ⡣ǸԵɱ䡣

һ׻ʣȻôͻƵ񾳡Ȼһ콾
嫺У嫺Ҳڵһʱ͵õͻƵϢʣһҪ鱨񾳣Ǿٷӡһɵƻʮֿ¡
ˣδЩ̫ƽˣǸˡ
嫺ƽ³һ
嫺ڵɷ·һ˲䣬ұǡ
׻ʳ
Զǡ
Զڴһµ֮ϡɳȴԵúǷ٣Ͼ涼Ǵ󺣣ΪģÿɱޣΪ֮ء
еĳפѾʮټͽˣ߰ʮ
һ죬ܶڳǽϵ˸оǰĹƺȻû谵
ôһƬƣҪ±ˡͷվڳǽԶĺͻȻϲ֪ʲôһƬƣʱ̸
ǰ⺣ϵ˵ͱ䡣ǰһ̻죬һ̾ͻ籩ꡣ̫ˡӣֻⳡ겻СЩͽҲҪˡ
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ʱͻȻ䣬дһҵĺ޴˺Ѳ񷣬չ¶ĿԵ쳣Ĳбֲ˲Ϣ䣬籩Ϳʼ¡ˣһˣ
ǰ治Զһ˷

һֲĶ˻УȻԿһ޴޴Ӻð̤ھ޴ǧɾϣ졣ңʮءһֻ޴ޱȺֻ꣬ǣЩͬ⺣ͷƣͷϳŶǣβͣβơµצӣצһ㡣棬۰ʮֹ졣˶ǧɴС
ھ֮ϣһεѹϯķУֳܿһѪɫʮֿ¡
ʲôǺ꣬ȫѵǺõѪ䣬Ϊ֡𡣡
ôֺޣͻȻðҪʲô
ԶУʱ̤ϳǽУ¶֮ɫ
޵ʵ̫ˣԵһ۾ϳɡֻǣ걾ǷǿһǣܴƵģȻҪǿУӲҪ˵ڳΪ֣ɱ˾޴һ֪졣
ǰûмͻȻ֡ƺǱѰ
쿴öޡ
ҵ죬ޣֺޣֺޣȫðˣã޳޳Ҫˡ
죬֪ͨͥ޳Ҫˡ
յһܿ˷飬ĺޣӴð˳϶ܼܿĺѹѹģɢ׹⡣


1433 ХVSХ
ȫ޷ðĺ޵ж٣ɲ⣬ޱߣĺ޲޾һʱ䣬ֺ޵ڷǣÿվж٣޷㡣ǧ򣬻򡣽䣬Ѿ鲼档
һֻֻŪ˳;ƿغˮ
¡¡
һɹɾ˳𣬻һֻһ·ܽصľ޴Хƽضһɽϯ߶ȣȻԶǵĳǽߡ
ǻ棬·ҪͽԶǳûݻ١
޳ոγɺ󣬵һʱ䣬ƳѾõϢ
ͯʸǵһʱִʹ鱨ȥݵǰ
˼ʸոͻƣ񾳣޳ˣѾʼȲôҪһôôҴס
߳ңԶڵķ¶һĨЦ
褣ɫţǰԶǣѹ޳
漴һһʱ䴫ȥ
ãڵȵǳʱ̡ɫţϣ
褵õȡ¶һĨ˷ܣȻ˵
ʱʮɫŽʿԥĿʼۡ
ܿɫŵĽʿϴģѾȫ滻ԭʼüסУнʿںϻʱѡ޻ޡͬһֻޣΪˮꡣֻޣӵǿķңˮ֮ʮ־տ
ԣԭʼüױȡΪˮüסһ֮Уȫûü׵ԽﵽףҲɱɷսס
ѳֻüͨ
ˮϢ
ڤܣ
һǷͨΪƣƣǿޱȡ
һǱͨԽˮУɺκӰ죬ĿãѲʮֵ죬оǣܵ˺ʱϢ״̬ȫάסڵ֮𡣴ﵽ£ԶָƵΪ˵ڹؼʱ̣ܹˣָĶ֮ͨһ
ɫеĽʿ۳ˮüסɫʽԭʼüס
ȷںϵĻ޺ȥڻ޵УЩˮ걻ڶ򣬲½ƣӴֻ֮ɫŵĽʿƾݣ޵Уɱˮ֮꣬⣬ʿ޷ڻ޵ҵˮټ
˵ѾΪɫŵĶԴɫ⣬˭ȡҲһ̶ϣ֤ɫˮü׵ĶԡΪɫŵı־
һ㣬ˮü׶ԭȵսҪǿ̫ࡣлߵĲΣгΪ鱦ĿܡˮڵѪͬһ㣬ѪС
һʿٵɫۡ
ˢ
һɫ۷ɫΣ˲Ϣ䣬ִʺţһ߲ʺѸٻƳաԶĺϿա
һۺȻڳֵһɲǣһεƣϯ
һ֣˲䣬޳дݵѹΪ֮һͣƣ˲ײһ
ɫţɫۣɫ֮һų褣̫ˣǴ׵ĴˡһΪԶǻᱻ޳ݻ١
ãããҴ׻ʳӵвʺţ˲Ϣκκɳǣս˫޳ΣҴ׾ǰҲһҪѹȥ
̫ˣ˵ɫÿһֶʮǿɫۣǿˮжսӵк޼ɵ
Զϣգͽ˷׷׳ڳǽϣеİղûг룬ĥߵı˳һ׷ͷųԭʼüףȫһʱ׼սһ̬дͽɳзӵ
£սܶսϲ
ͽˣսͿǮ޳̺ʵ̫ˡ
޳еѪҲ˵ⶼǴ׻ʳ£ޱֵĻ䵱ʳģȥѪ׳ӿٶȡĴףѪ⣬ѾѪǵ׼ȫг䣬װʳá
޻͸ֻҪ׽Ϳռ޵޵Ƶȡָ޻꣬ж٣Ҫ٣κƷףˡ
ѪƷò֮һ
޹ǸϵȹǲģҪõĵطʤ˵ȫǱ
޳Ȼ£ͽУЩǱصıأͿԼûȥھ
Զеʿ˵ԽԽࡣڳǽϣ飬ȫ޷㵽ж٣׷׿⣬ս
𣡣
޴귢
߶źХĳԶϯɫųɱٲȻҪ֧Ŷһݻ٣ްźХɱ޾ɷգΪ籩ꡣ
ɫꪣɱ
̤һϣԥ³һУݳһŨҵɱ֮
ɱɱɱ
нʿԥķɱͼĿʼ߶ۡ
ԴԴϵĽԪע֮УԿɫϣһ޴ĴڴϣȻֳһĻ棬翵ĴϣֳһƬĴ󺣣ںϣȻһ޴ĺɢ޾ϣ˸оԾĸܵһɲŭѹ·ѹ
Ǻ񿴲òȴĿһɫУ޾֣·󺣵ϡ
źԪϣעεС
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ɱ
һɱ£ͨױ߶
ʱεкעУڴڣ𺣻ʶɢһƣ·һ̣׻˹ʵӰԽԽתۼ䣬ɱʵʡиֳŭĿܵĺ˶ھ
꣡
ǰһӡ
ʱһ޴ޱȵƾճڴϿգںϣ澹Ȼ˲ֲֽֿ˸߸߾𣬻ΪһյĺХХдݳǧҵˮ֮ͻᱻʳƬǿ󶼻б顣
ˮᣬҲա
һ񱩣κҪĿ¡
˲Ϣ䣬յĴХѾγɡ
ңХĹģһͨ£˲䱩ǣ˲ʸߣﵽĺХ߶ȡ
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ֻ֮У޷־ıʱܿЩ޵ΪһѪ
ںХУ̺ꪵ˳֮ΪУһС


1434 
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ڳǽϵͽˣʿ̲סһǻʵ̫ˣХԺХȻԺХѹ˺Хǧޣ˲ϢʳѪƬƬ󺣣һ¾ͱȾ졣ǻ棬ֱǴĿġ
ǿðԵ
ɫ̺ͨꪡ˵ƿش֮һȥܷѺˮһУ⻹ֻˮֻ֮Ǻꪵĵһֱ仯ഫͨر仯һ־˾ˣ֪жôǿ󡣡
̫ˣǴ׵ľԽǿԽãԽǿЩ޷ˡѹЩ޳ͨͨѹȥЩ֪Ǵ׻ʳԲôǵġ
ǽϵİ漴ӿֳһ󼤶Ժ
Ҫ֪Ǵ׻ʳľӣػǵսʿʵԽǿȻԽӵĸܵһְȫСֻе޾ϲü
ԽԽǿġ͸ոһͨԪҲҪɱڴ֮Уûǵȴֱ޳
׻ʳ۾Ȼôǿ󣬿Ҫƽ۵İ취ҪȻϣֲֻ̫ôȻˣ޳ǲѹȥңոͨԲʩչġ϶ҪķѴ

ڰУŴĿЩĿ֮ͨȻû֮ƽʱͶڴ󺣣ҰУҲû취Ҳһǲߣʮֺ𡣺οĿЩǱⲻ˵ģɱһǧǧ
ȫ𲻵κá
ԣ֪жĿҲûа취С
𣡣
귢ŭȻԼ޳Ȼѹȥ˲оʧŭգѾﵽ޷ܵĵز
һŭܿУܼĺٴδӺ˳˲Ϣͱ鲼棬·𣬸ոձɱޣȫǾţһëֵһᡣ
Щٴγֺûκγɡŷ𹥻
ܿˮΪܼˮĳɫϯɱֻˮʵ̺ʮֿ¡
ˢ
һ̣ͿһɫϷɫ⣬Ϊ绤֣ۣЩˮ棬ϼȴʼ޷ƿʮǿεеҲڲġµԪҲ޷ĵĳƽ
ˮ̫ܼ̫ˡ
ϯɵѹν൱޴
鹭䣡
ĿãţֱӷһϺȡ
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˵ޱȡ
һУǽεصĻϣռתȻҪεس⣬ռҲᷢ仯ǳֱļڿռУָʳ󡣲⣬Գ䵱Դһ㡣
ԣһۣͿԳʱ֧תС
ϣܿһʿϹâ˸ڱ󣬺ȻԿһɫսս鲼ƣһ𣬹ճĵ
һǹ鹭ӲʮּͣȻܱ൱ˣҪһûа취ģŲСҪ滹иķģսΪ䣬κɹ鹭ȥսȻȻĸӹ䡣սøӵļӲԱݻ١ӳһЩսϣȻս
ˮüһֱһǹ鹭һǹ鵶޳ޱȣʮַǲķս
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սǴƳսÿһ̺ͬķġ
˿̱ȥܿ䷺ķģսϣƿʱ硣ɼǹ鹭ǿ֮
ۣ
ܼսڰлһ貵⡣޵ʵ̫ܼˣܼϹӣУҪ׼ȥǾһС
ܿһֻֻޱսУ޴ǵ׶̺ķǽ޺飬Ǳ⣬ǻΪ棬ʼա
ֻϧĹ޳˵ǳˮнϾ֧ɫҲʮʿȥսܹȫУǻɱޣҲǼʮֻ޳Ȼǲֵһᡣ
飡
о޴Ӻðһɫ֣ϰɳ䣬ɲɫϣҵĲҡΣĽ磬ҲڲϵĲâ𲻶Ȼ̺ʮֿ¡
ԴԴϵĶ۷ܿѾ᧿Σ
޳УȥЩǿ߶Уѡʱͬһֲɺӵ
ͨꪡ
ûгɣ
޳˵ǲһЩҪȡǬãҪͨС
ꪵĵڶֱ仯
һ֣Ϊꪡ

нʿһʱ佫ԪעεУΪһ壬߶ۡ
ڴϣӰٴαȫܸܵһֲŭϡеͻȻ̧𣬳ǰĴңңһָһϺεϱŷ
֮˲Ϣ䣬ԿеĺˮȻ俪ʼֹ·ˮһ⻭еһУǾֹġ
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涼Ϊ֮һա
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β񣬷־ͽѹȥ
Ⲣûд۵ģܿÿһϵĽʿϣ¶԰֮ɫȻڵԪһա
Ⲣ⣬нʿһʱóֵҩڹȥָԪĹԪҪǮһڴڵ̳ȥ԰׵ɫһ¾ͻָЧǷ
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ʱһӿ񱩵ŭ
ֻֻ겻֪ʲôʱٴηŭڸոͨʩչʱȻԴֽţȫУǹǵļͣǸոյľ֮ҲûƿֻڹһССѺ۶ѡѺۣȫ˴š


1435 ѹ
ûֻ꾹Ȼû
ǿķַѾľΡһ׼ĺǿߡӵײεĿֲ
׿Ԫ񾳲εǿߣҪǷﵽףǾ񾳲εķû񾳵ʵѴǡ
ڳǽϣд׵ͽˣаգиϹʿ
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ȫһѹ
ǻǶļɵͨûа취ɱֵĸûһһԵʮֿˣ޳ףһ޷ֵɵƻȻֲԶǶпܻᱻݻ١
̺ƻ̫ǿˡ
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ʱոջָĽʿûκγɣһνԪޱĹעȥ״߷ͨ
ŷĹעܿϣӰΪʵʡû˿ĳɣȻһӴ˳ꪡ̤ڴ֮ϡ˫뺣ˮһ˲䣬·Ϊһ塣
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ܿϣһԴԴϵ̤
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ʮͬʱںһ˲Ϣ䣬ֱӱǣﵽǧɾ޴ڴϣһȻ󺣣ڣ󺣣ͷ·Ϊ򡣾Ͷ䣬Х籩ƿһС
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䣬һε޳ױѹȥޣ׷䣬³СǴڣɸı䲻˴֡
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սȻսһΣսʬʵ̫ˣѪȾ˴󺣣սƷɴڣϸʬҪǹһʱûսɣЩʬ޵ѪʳΪϣȻܷβܡ
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УóһֻֻڵĿڴ򿪿ڴźһܿһֻֻ޻ԴԴϵĴӺȡڴС
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ڣɱ޺ȫȡ޻꣬۸޵һʿɹ۵롣
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ȴ˵ѹһ߲ʺ漴£ɫųڡâһѾʧؾսС
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ڼһسȻۼһǰһˮֱӽոսϵĻĳֳеһУû˿©
ɫŴҴ׾Ҵڼۺ룬Ц˵
һսĿʮֵ⡣չֳ׵ʵԶܱ޴壬Ƕ塣չ¶׵ķâܱʾ׾ԲǺǵġ
һ޳Ӧֻ巢̽ûѹȥǿ϶޳϶ǴγɱȣѹһսҲϸǿǸζԴǴס
˵
޳Բֻ޳
嫺֮һνһν棬һ̽
ʤܸĳ롣
ǵ̡
޷ˮڣ֮ǲܣ֮ڣֻҪ޳֣ǾһҪѹȥԲ޳Ű׾ڣΪʱӵԽãǾԽӵ
ƽ˵ɫžһҪ޷ͻͽǾϵԴοڡ
λΪǴʲôʱ۳Ϊʡ
мʵ
ǵģ˳
Ѿǰڴǰһ¡
˳֮ÿһ׶ΣǽȻͬ磬صˣᷢԵɱ䡣˵Ӱ׻ʳ¡ǰջǹԱˡ
׻ʳߵѾ޳˳ңռѩޣĵ죬½أӵеգѾӽڣһ൱µݡ
۳Ѿĵˡ
Ϣһʱ䣬еĸѾȹ̡˳ͷ
˳֮ڸֱҲڻͼ֮Ļ鸡Ļܴ졣Ĺؼ޷ǵ̶֡һҪȻΪʸ֮ġ
࿪˵


1436 
ʳѾУһĵĴڡ˳ƷԽãȻ˳еһжо޴ĺôķԾͺñǴ׻ʳҪǲǻʳֻĻǾԲʵô졣˼ӳֵĺô޷ġ
ʳˣӲҪ˵ǵ۳
ǰΪػң֮໥ѹƺ⣬ټֽ٣ȵĸ岻òŴ׻ʳɽڲһ廢룬ҲǳصġĿôױøǿ嵱ȾѾסˡ޳̽
һн۳Ĵ㣬¸ʩѹһˣɵѹ̫ˡ
ǰν΢С¶ѡֵһᡣ
ڵѾﵽǧɡƸƳϿգһԣ۳ĵ̣ȫﵽʱԽΨĵľٶѡ
ؼɷԽԽŨѾңû˭ܹ̽ɷڣһҪѹƲסˡɷʧ־ɱθ֪սھԶңѾֺ޵̫ˣݵ飬Щֺޣڴ֮Уֱӵ½ء
еĺж٣ûܹ
ֻ֪У̺ĺޣѾൽĵزһȫɱ½أǾͿԽ½سûֺޣֱӵ־ǿԼ˼ɱ䣬೤УⲢ֣ңޣֻһЩѡ
̺࣬ǧٹ֣ʤģӲ֪ж١
ºֻڻҶѣɵס޾ֻҪʱ䣬ͿԴԴϵĺޡ󺣣岻ܵĸ֮ء
˼ǣȵ尴಻סʼֺ޳½أϯأ룬֮䷢սգϾˣܲǴ׻ʳ飬ٽн
˵
ͺǵִеһ֪׻ʳҲ˿赲ٴѡ
Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬻δ֪
Ҫڽʱ岻ֵĻΨɱѽѷֵĵزĻᡣʱһ꣬пʮ꣬ꡣ˭Ҫȴá
һǰѾҪˡҴ׷չأȴʱ΢󣬿˵
Ӷͬһ죬³
ͬʱŮǰģͨˡһ壬嫺ڷһеĳ𽣬һҲɳģеóһīѩ˵Ϊ£ףͬӡ
ѡһλ
ŮĻҲǿÿһòɣһʣȷʵͬ˾ޣһ֮󣬶̵ӡ

嫺
ˮУ嫺ǿ߶һ𣬿һ龵ӣȻֳԶĻ档УƺһţĬȻ
λڴ׻ʳο
嫺ȿڣյĳĬ
ǿûмǴǴ׻ʳеһ֧ţɫţ䱸ɫۣ֮£ǰҲֻ֪û뵽۵Ȼǿᵽ˵زսȻƾһ֧ţѹһ޳ľţҪٶ༸֧ɵвʵ̫ˡ
һǿһ˵
ո޳ɫŵĶսǶ۵׵ġΪ޳ôܽ׻ʳʵȳŪɹġû뵽ûйԶǣͱѹȥ
ȫС
ʧ
ȫʧȥҪľ󣬲ûдﵽ׻ʳĿģô״¶չֳ׵ķâͺԼ̨ȴԼһȻòȥ
ݵ飬ɫеһ֣ۣӦþвͬ¶ģֻɫţǷڣδ֪׻ʳӵʮ˿ڣҪҪţһʮޱȡ
ة࿪˵
׵ĴȫסھսУе鱨߻ܣûǲսġԣڴ׵ıֻƾ²⣬ǲʵδ֪Ҳֻܽʵڡֻ࣬١
ɫҪ֧ţټľš˭֪׵ľŵж١
һ֧ŵʵ˲ףǼһǶôǿһ
ϸ˼ְ
ǿ߿ԳĻľţδػУǣûа취ģǿֹֻ֮ڡ
緢ʲôֻţһ֣ͻ췣
ģЩֺΪ幥ӵءЩڴ׻ʳƺЩѹԵѹãδһ˿ŭ
ĵ壬ֻҪ̤֮·ͿԺܿӵΪսȻ󲿷ܵƣδĳɾޣ˿ڻ̫࣬ǧһһҲӿֳš˳ˣµİգӿֳš
һʿ˵
˵֮ҲӴ׻ʳԭ
£鱨׻ʳǲʹߣֱǰ룬˾ۼ֮أ巢ң嶼ѾӦ֮¡⣬һʱ䣬ͻѡ
ة˵
׻ʳȻҰģûҪڣӭȢŮȻҪӭȢ룬幫ҪӰ죬룬֮ĥӰǴĺ̡ףδЩ̫ˡ
һߣһ۾Ϳ׵Ŀġ
Ҫ໥ƺ⣬ô׿ɽۻ̵˼˭ܿĳ״ûİڲ
׻ʳߵ죬ȻôױƿصģȻǣҪֽǾ֮޷ȥ
嫺ƽ˵
ɫȴɢһ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
ֹѵǴǰ׵;Уֱӽɱ׶顣ӱѯʵ
ֹķû취
ǽɱֻҪǵڴ׻ʳǾͲɹһжֹйעפأֻҪκζ㱨Բ
嫺Ȼ˵
ҪǾɱɱʧΪֹ
ã͸ˣ岻ӦǾͱɹ
͸ô֪̬ȡͲ
ǿҲ׷ױ̬˿ûоֹʲô˵飬ϣû岻顣
漴һٴݳȥ
׾ڵĺޣҲĻָƽ


1437 ׼
ɽ
˵һɽʵ򣬾һ½أֻ⵺֮ϣɽͷǷֹ滨鲼ܣҩˣɢһ㣬ڿУܱߵԪӵŨһۿȥɾһ
ޣ鲼ɽ֡
ۼĵطΪǧʯ֡
˵֣ʵһʶɽ壬ÿһǱֱһ㣬ʮֵأס棬ھһǽ
ϣһƽ̨ƽ̨ϺȻͽһ޴Ĺңš빬֡УǸָıڻͼÿһʵϣԣܸܵεѹ
˿̣빬С
ܿһڴ֮ϡһۣɢ֮ƺܸܵһŨ֮Ѫһֻ롣ȻȻдصĺ̤֮ڴϣԻȡԴԴϵӵоǿķ뿰ǴУµĴ֮һ
˴⣬Уܿǿߡ
ǿûô࣬ǿߣ߰ģ֮ǰõѪظɱɵһɽ崫УͬȡԴǵѪҪɳ£ʱھͿԿɱ䡣
Ѫأʥء°빦
ңЩ룬һͼǿߡѪǿ֮
ӵ󼰵㡣
¶һ˿أڴУȻԿһڿٱá漴ȫɢΪһö顣
һöӰ飬ܹһЩӡ棬ͷų侳Ӱ飬ȻжĿݹġ
λ˵˵׻ʳʲô
ѯʵ
˽׻ѾӭȢŮֱԲ嫺ףֱӻȡ׻ʳһС˵ԴչֳʵһҪǿĻ嫺ڣȻᱻռݣһҶ󡣡
һǿ߿˵ϴһ˿֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ǿûа취֣ǿͬҲ޷֣ͬһޣֵܳģֻЩСһʵȻҲͻƣ˵ݺսЩࡣҪǸ׻ʳϣһž޴ѹ
ԲһС¡
Σô׻ʳͶ塣
ѩοǱҪף޸׻ʡԲô׵壬ң׻Ҳһ콾δزһ·
ͻȻתͷһŮ
ܿŮһīɫװֻǣͷϣȴһͷѩ׵ķ˿ûκβϵĸо϶ദһص
밼͹µĴһ𣬼ֱƷ
䣬һͤͤµ˾ޡһ˫۾īɫȴ·һ̶㣬עȫȥ
һɫʡ
˲Ծľͱ
ʣ̲סҪȥ̽Ѱ̽Ѱܡ
嫺һеĹīѩ
īѩɲͨ룬е֣ī롣ֳī֮ɫȴһƬѩף覱а֣ûκ覴áˡǶ˫ʡ
һƾ
īѩĬһ£漴˵
ô׻ʳʧΪһѡ񣬺οȡ׻ʳҲҪ֮һУȻûۼҲ˽κŮӣٶˣһӡ󲻻ٲС
ȻܲӰ쵽У˭٣λƺûȡʲô̫ЧĹϵȴı䡣÷һ㶼١
ͬҲһ£
չֵʵô׻ʳѾΪһҪ£ӡƿǰǱҪ£Ķ
׻ʹΪıȡʲôֻҪڻʹаĳΪ׵ĻΪ׻ʵãǾҪġһΪأҪĺãǸ͹ĺá
īѩ˵
дһ˿顣
Ҫīѩǰʲô߷磬ͷġֻҪīѩڴ׹ĺãȻĹϵ׵ҲӰ졣
ֻҪô׳׵壬Ǿ㹻
ûκǵϲԼŮ˸ԼľǸ泯ΪŮļɻ֮һǲĹؼڡ˭Ҫˣڻû£Ŀеĵλ϶ֶҡ
δ
ǳԼŮҸҪ
ȻȴҲϣԹҸ
Ů֪
īѩ׵ͷӦ
׼һ£³޵ӣ׻ʵݣǰ뿪׻ʳĽݴʹ˵ڴױ߾һ֧ŸӦӭӡңһͬ޵ĻзĹҲ˵׻ʹ֮ڣӵŮϣ㵽ʱ¡
˵

ͩС
ܿ죬鲼Ŵ׳޴ͩÿһ궼ɢصϣ֮ܿϣܣܿԾסͩеݣÿһѪʮǿһѪס
磬һ塣
ͩУ;סŴ𽡣һֻֻޱȡϣżƣѪͬǿһУݵλֻڷ֮¡
ഫ𽣬ӽȸԼ缦ɫмβر𳤣ɫɫ״ƣչʱΪԷӳɫΪɫΪ𽣬͡ϲס
ֵͩΧĻܿȸټ
ȸͬǷ˵Ľף̳˷˵ѪַɣԳһɾȸһ塣
ÿһֻȸɢҵĻ棬棬ʮֵİԵ׺ƺһ£ͻᱻճɻҽ
ͩм䣬ȻԿһ޴ͩï֦ܵҶչƬնһ𸲸ǣͨɢɫÿһƬҶǺͮͮģƺлȼգƮʮ־ޡ
֮ϣȻһ޴񳲣񳲽ĳУ·ǰĽݣʮѤ񳲵ĲϿɲͨһڽβݵݣޱȣһ죬ͼӲƿؼǡ
ڽβһնϣҪһǼͶȾͻһ֣·Ϊһ壬Դӣ˴˵ʮ졣
һ۳ǧҪնϣֱޱȡ
񳲾޴ޱȣõڽβֹǳǧ
ҪǣڽβķﳲԶԸͨǿķ뿹ԡǷʱ𣬶Էﳲ˺ﳲ÷ﳲøӼǿԣԽǹϵķﳲԽǿ


1438 ɱ
ڷﳲ죬ǷУκ֧Ҫӵ⣬һԣ֮أԣѡפʱһҪͩҪܱûڽβݣҪûУͱѡʵĵص㣬ڽβݵȥ
Ȼһ㲻Ҫͩڽβݣ໥ġ
һ֣ǲ⣬϶ҵһ֡
ܿǰﳲȷʵ޴ޱȣһۿȥε塣
ﳲ֮С
ȻԿռ޴󣬿ͷ·һƬĶһǷβݣʮֵ÷׽ϲ
棬һ
ϣȻԿһӺ߲ʷµŮվ棬ϣһΪߵϣ˿һԽλͷһλٲȻ嫺һеһԣȻվһɫװŮӡ
Ůô˵أһĪһֻĸо飬ȻĶһģǻĿã̲סһֿڸȸС
Ƿĳ𽡣
ȡ𽣬ʵҲǷе֣һǺɫǻĺ죬һһĺ죬ഫӦǵ
ʲô
ǣڸ񻰴˵жһּǣϲ¡
ǰŮãúǶ˵˴ͨѾҪɾͺ¡
ڳĺ֮˵ĿգƽʱӴҪȻͻᱻɢĺ֮Ӱ졣ɲҪ鷳ԣһֱ𽶼ǺԽӴ
ѡΪĶȻҲԭڡ
𽣬ǰδһλԵġ쾭Ϲ֮һֻǣڴﵽһκ󣬾ͱ˫֮򣬺֮޷ƽ߻ħѾڷླͣѾãԪ񣬱˫֮ĵҪܵס֮ģȻҲͨˡ㣬ĻԵǴ׻ʳ׻ʡʹǰںǾͷ⡣
Ů˵ҷһ岻Ҫȥȡ棬׺󣬰˳ģǾ£Ǹо˳ģǾͻҷһ壬Թˡ
У¶һŨŨĽֽǷԹġ
һĸ߹󣬾ǰھ֮ϡķ
Уʣһġ
֪ˣĸףҺ𽲻жġ
Ƥ¶һЦ
ܸܵһֹֻ۵ԸƺƤҲһ˿δ޸֮ƺҲ
׼һ£³ǳ޵ӡ

ʱһΣѾʮ³
һ졣ֻɽУһ֧Ȼʼһ£Ŵ׻ʳķƿնȥܵģһǾǾһдľÿһ࣬ǻΣƱˡ
ЯŴļױ
׸һʷĲȻҲͶұļױûжľٶһ֧ôˡ
ǵٶȣȫʱڣִ׻ʳ߾
ͬʱ
ͩУһ׶飬һΣ׵һֻ࣬ǧȴʵһ㶼ͬ˴ļױ壬˭ȱٱ塣еĺöʤڱռԳ
֧׶ֻǣ֧飬һ֧ڴ׵棬һ֧ڱ档
Ϣһʱͳ嫺֮ڡ
ռƻ£ϣƽִ׻ʳҪǼѪǡܴĻǼҲ
һȻȻĴдȥ
ʣ־

֧н֪УѾ׻ʳʮ
嫺Уһ죬շ嵺״ͺյշ壬ڵϣɳĮޣҲдСԴ࣬ҲǺܶࡣɳĮںܶ˵һֲʺϵ滷
˼
īѩӳ̽ۿ죬Ӹ߿пȥͺһֻϵڴߡҲɷһ̾
¡¡
һ̡
ǰĴУͻȻһҵĺ·пµںŰһˣߴǧɣǧɣ𣬴޴𺳡Ļ治һǰһȥǡ
䣡
һǾսʿϺȣڰΧһȦػڡĿϬĿܡܵĸоǿ׵ΣϢ
һ̣Կһ˷һ޴Ӱںˮг

ţһֲĶ˻޷ޣϸȥȻԿһ޴޴Ӻð̤ھ޴ǧɾϣ졣ңκһֻ޴ޱ㣬ֻǣѾ죬ϱ鲼Ƭۣͬβͣ޳ңһĵ̣Ŀģ·βַ·ǹ޵壬˾޴ѹȡԴĻѾȫͬͷ­Ŷǡ˶ǧɴСߣ·ֻǹ졣
һֻѪֺޡ
һ۾ֻܿԲǺǵġһ֣һ׶ѹ糱ˮϯ
ֺޣ塣
īѩĿãͫһ˲Ϣ䣬ԺѾ²⵽ѲϵпܣֱָɶģΪ赲ԼǰסǲɹС
ڻ֪ͨף׳
īѩ˵
ûгʧȥ硣ǵһʱšھɽɱȴ׻ʳҪԶ֪ͨףõİ취
ǣŷźš
ڻͿ
ˢ
һƿ
ֻһǾʿٴ߶һöź̻̻Ǵ׵һַģ·̨ټ̻Ϊһ壬ɣһͷţݷΪźţǼʮǧһܹӦ
飡
̻ܿȻըըһɲǣճ׸ֳ⣬·һƬ޴Ļһպȼա
ȾʮѤ
ڴʱ
ܿ˷飬ĺޣӴð˳ָĺޣÿһ;޴¶׹ƺҪ˶ʳһ㡣
һ󣬵ʹ߶ˮ޴ĺˣһֱӻΪХޣźХīѩڵλϯȥ
飡
з죬һɺˮ۶ɵˮìĳīѩ뻢Ǿɱ

ڻϺȡ
𣡣
漴ֱһΪһͷ޴ĺڻͲǧɣһɷſڼ䣬һХա


1439 ɫѩ
һۿɼ糱ˮ˷ϯȥ
ѪͨХ
̺ܿ־Ϊһֻֻͻĳܵĺ޺ɱȥ
飡
֮ĺ˱飬Ϊܱ꣬ߡͬʱƬµĺޣ𣬸ţĿв͸Ѫǵһ˲ͳɢΪС
Ǿʿ׷׻Ϊս
оǴ߶ͨƽؾһ쫷磬ܼķУиӲīѩΪģһϣҪ嵽īѩǰǾͱҪʹĴۡ
壬δЩ̫ˡ
īѩĿԴԴϯ޳зһߡ
Ȼ岻ֱӳ֣ЩֺޣȻڴУ޳ʱпܷÿ춼ִСС޳ڶԣ嫺ڣÿ춼޳֣ܱߵ½أЩѾױռݡ
˵Уκʱ޳Ǻġ
ǣīѩţôɣ޵һ죬޳ôͻĳˣȻܺһָо޳йء
ҲֻɡԼһ
Ȼ֪϶ΪҲҲκ֤ݣϾ޳ʱп֣ܳһϣ˭ҲĲǣϾǿ߻ûг֣ûУӲҪ˵ԣĳԿˣҲֻӲܡ
Ĵ㡣
˿̣ڴ׻ʳѪϡ
һĴڲt̨ϣܿò£ϸȥǺȻǵڴκҡʷУл֮ƣһսʮǿ
κʱɴκİգͬҲ˴ԸΪУξĽ콫ʿҾУֻ׺󣬲ûѡ룬ڴ׻ʳϸĸŴ׻ʳķ飬ֻ׻ʳ֮⣬ǰĿùʳ֮֮⣬յ滷״̬Уᡣ
һУѡ
Ҫڴ׻ʳУȴһСʼֻľƣȻȥСûܣ׻ʳཫ٣ԶһĽ죬ʮϡȱ
ҵʷУѾõ֤ȻҪĿ顣
һʱ׹ȥѯ漴뷷Ϊ׻ʳɫеĻɫžųӵʮװɫʮҡ
ڵõҵһʱͶ뵽ѵ֮Уڴ׻ʳѡγľӣĲ⣬Ǿеľֻ΢һѵͿγĬںɱκޣĬͱø̡þ£šһɾ
һΣǰӭīѩԱ͡
ͻȻ䣬ͫһһߣֻԶߵգһӱһƬ죬·޾Ļȼգޱȣþò𡣿ȻƻҪޡ
ãǷѶţⷽ򣬲ã幫Ѷţ׶鷢ˡ
ĿãɫȻ䣬ѶȻǴ׵ĽѶţһ֣Ǿüޣʮ𼱣ʱΣաǼǵãУ¹ѶţΪ˷֮áû뵽ͷųˣȻһĽ
ɫϡۣ׼
ҶȻһ
ˢˢˢ
˲Ϣ䣬Ϳһͨɫ۳Уҵһʱ̤ۣһӣۿٻƳգԾ˵ٶȳźŴķƿնȥٶȣʮ־ˣ׽۵߷˼¡
۵ٶȱͼΪˣ˿̣ȫ߶£ٶȾ͸ӾˣϧһУȼеȡԵٶȣƬ̼䣬ͿԽ롣ٶ֮죬
ٶٿ죬ʮľ룬Ҳû취ֱ˲ƹȥ۵ٶȣϵʱѾǰʱ֮
ų쿴ǰ
ѩѩôǺɫѩ֣̫ˡûмɫѩ쿴ϣö࣬öޡôôˡѵȫѾˡ
ûҸоЩڻϢȻ΢ӦûŶԡûô۾ںƮʬһҲ̫ˡ
ۿʱ֣ǰ棬кɫѩƮ䣬ƺѾֹͣѩոտģֻһѩ
˯Щȫ˯ңεĳ˯
óһսһֻ˳ȥһûгҪȥǶ׼ĵطȴʹĵطսܿѪţȻķʹķӦǣûзҽУͬҲûѣںϣźˮƮ
Բ˯εĳ˯˯˶зӦԲһĳ˯ң˴ģĳ˯
ңҵѾԿ϶ոշһ޳ңǴģ޳
Щȫ׽ۿռ䡣
ҿ˵
漴һϣʼ⣬һɫɨֱӾͽܴ޳׸ڣĺ޳ʧۿռ䣬ԾסȡƷҲ⡣ҪзĻȻûа취һˢʹߣڣЩޣȫѡ˯һ㷴ʶûС
ȡḶ́ǰδеɡؼǻġ
ȡḶ́Ӱ۵н
ʱս롣
ȻԿһգܣһǾʿأܿЩʿɱϻŴСС˺ۡң֮ǰѾ˺ܴһ֡
ڻڳǰ
ŴԶۣĿ׹һϺȵֹߺˡ
׻ʳɫžųҡ
ͬһǰīѩ
ԭųཫǰһˡո޳Ϯģ޴󣬲òźţո콵ѩкȫ˯޳ӭж⡣ܰȫûܵ˺
ڻҲ¶һ˿ͣٽոյ˵һ顣
콵ѩ޳˯
һĨɫ뵽֮ǰĺѩһͷûҪǣīѩҪȫ
Ҳ˵ݼĩݼδ⣬϶̣ĩɫŻͣǰס
Ǿཫ
īѩƽĻӳд
ĩְ𡣡
ҶȻ˵
漴ûгɣɫſٳܣܱȫػųѸ뿪սŴ׻ʳȥ
Ͼ˭֪ȥ᲻ᷢ⡣һ㣬˭Ĳ𣬲һ򣬾һ


1440 ɫ
˿̣һ棬Уͬźţ죬ơ
غһߵģɫеĳɫţǸִƵľš˿ĿѶţɫҲ΢΢һ䣬аһãּ䷢
ɫǰ֧Ԯ
һҳɫۻΪһ⣬㻮Ƴա·һöö貵һ
ɫۣ
ɫۣڴ֮ϣٶ죬ˮĵطΪ˵ģֱӽУˮд󣬱ˮҲѷɫֺӰԵƷȥ˲Ϣﶼɫۣڴϣٶֻ˵½ϣٶȿʮϰٱ
ɫͬˣ̺ǳأӦڻУ죬һͬǾƲд󣬽Ʋ㣬ٶȻ۱ƾɡ
ͬʱ̫ҫ£ɫ۵ٶͬ
ԣɫ۵ٶȱȻɫҪ졣ڴҪĶࡣ
ִѶŷλʱ
һĻǰ
ֻһƬķۺֺ档УȻԿڷɱǴ֮䣬ڷĽ䡣һõϢ
ƺԾйŹ֡
Щ޾Ȼ䣬ô϶ۺйء㹻ײС
һʿҲɵĵһоз
޽ĻҲûпûп˲ҵġȫǲ壬ִСġһֻĸܣΧųɰǧֻޣΪύȨƴɱ۾һƬѪ죬ȫһֱ֧ľصС־ȫˡ
Ϊ˻ȡȨЩȫɱһҪжңޱ񱩵˺Ƭܱߵĺ棬ѾȾѪɫƺܿд󰧺ɾĲɱҲûǴѹԽԽأб䱾ĸо
ɱǳɱޣȫ壬ʣµģһɶ
йŹ֣ܿӦþд֮һУ˵жõĺ
ɫء
ɫôģ˭ЧȫԿĵģȷʵΪİԵЩޣȫУĵĲǵĴеĻ
ǿѾӵֵĴ׻ҪʲôأǶ׻ʳ档һ㣬Բ
ų쿴ʼɢˡ
ʧٶȺܿ졣
ʱнʿѾ֣ںϵķۺۿɼٶȿɢɢгѹ촫˳
ϸȥȻԿһȺһǰ
ɫǰЩϹâһΪһ½Ůӣϣܸܵһķâн֮Ŀעӹüһ˿ʹСЩǷһ𽽣
ÿһΪɱ֮Ϊǿ
߿Ǵ׻ʳ֮һŮǰѯʵ
ɫųɫžųشǰӦݣʻǷ񰲺áѯʵĿ⿴֮С
ްýˡողһС޳ѡ
УĻдһ˿ȴб
ްͺãδ֦ǰ׾ڡ˵ز˾Ӧͬʱ顣
ãһнɽš
𽻺˵Ӧ
ͻشס
ϵ´
ʮ۶ʱڿֲͣǰңǰס
ͬʱ
֧׶ͬʱϮϢҲһʱС
֧ͬʱܵϮҪǳһǻȴǳûôɣɺϣǾͱȻɺϡԤıǿʼסô
̧ۿķһĨɫҲԸ飬ֲŹ֣ں֮ϣĵ̡ҪһЩֽţǼֱҪ̫ףɲ
ֻνɱչֳı仯ȴаһ˿
һսϳֺɫѩкȫ˯˺ǿҵľʹûнǴӻ˯оѡһַۺɫ޷䣬УɱȫǼԭʼԣҪӭȢλʡ͵ĵơ˼
ζķһ
׻ʳ˴ֻҪˣһͬʣֻҪŪʲô۶ӡ
ԴҲܿĵ̣ͬףһ֣һӵжǬ
ھͿʲôأһαǱȽ۵ġ
Ȥ˵аԲ嫺ʲôӦ
ȻʲôӦ֮£ѾΪ֡˭Ĳˡ

ˡ
嫺
һŭ𡣴ſֲϡϸȥжһǿߣֻ϶¶һ˿ŭ֮ɫ
ͻϮȻһκβˣңֻëѾͷѣȴƫƫش죬ʲôҪǴȥ˵岻塣Ȼ˴ţɴȥһʧ٣ǴĲʡ
ʮֲÿ
ΪһȺ׵Ķ飬޳ȫǣû뵽ջǳ⣬֮£Ѿ޷赲飬ûκ֤ݣǲµΪһܶʲô̫Ӱ졣λڣҲ峹׾ѡֻǣԺЩ飬Ҫͼ֮ȣϳΪߣ׻ʳͬ˳ֱȣ𵽷á
ة࿪˵
νɱʧܣѾ׻ʳ񾭣Ҫٴγ֣ٶĻ˵ô׳ѣɲʲô¡Ӱʵ̫
Ŷة಻֪ʲôõİ취ܳɹة൱Ϊ׹
嫺¶һ˿Ȥæѯʵ
ڹة࣬ʮֵӡ
Ҫ֪ة䣬˭֪ж೤Ҫ곤𣬾һֱУʼնة࣬Ϊıߣƹ˵Ǿ
ԣ֮Уڹة࣬Ǿмӡλʼնǲá˭˹ةĵλԣʮӵġ
жٵ
ӲĲУȻġ׻ʳŷнǿϢԣѪԸңһδδսУûնˣսڸһζǿѹʵ䷴ǲʾá
ةЦ˵屾ԣԹǿߡǿߡ壬δԴһ֡ǰʥԳǿôװףĲսʤԼϡ磬ǿڴ׾ڣƲ꣬Ӵװշ˳ȷǡ


1441 ةı
ʩ
ֻҪõϿɣǾǲ׻ʳϿɣӦܹȻȻԴ׵ˣԸԴԴϵӿֹ⣬˳֮УΪҪģʱԻ
ةɣһɱ˵ַ
Ʋ꣬Ϊ׻ʳķܷ˳Ƕ£ֻҪȥǴ׹ٷֹһֹǾͻ˿ʵġֹһʩӰ졣ȡģռ⡣УܴĿġ
Ŀꡣ
Щı֪޷赲
ãͥϢ׻ʳͬСɣ޷㡣ңңռһˣ罭ϪԴԴϣ಻ɱ೤ܷһĪôΪƣӾзǷ档
嫺׵ͷʾͬ
ҪǻʳԲ޲ߡ
УȻ֣ǾȻܽ˶ѡϳеڶı
ة˵׻ʳ֮Уһˣܵ׻ʵӰ죬ȻѪԸңһɻֻǺͯȫԶЩͯʩӰ졣ӣһ˳δֻҪЩ׽壬壬壬ȻȻӰ죬øٹ̡ٶЩӣӰ쵽ǵĸĸӰ쵽ףϸ꣬ϸ
Ŷة˵νС
嫺¶ǿҵȤ
ǿͬˡֻҪܸ㶨ףǾʲôȥ
׻ʳڣÿһɳǣѧãѧԺ亢ͯѧѧ䣬¸֮·ȫԽǴ׻ĹϵҪΪ׺úһǲǿߣפѧѧԺңѧԺУѡ׿żѧṩΪʿĻᡣѡʿ
ة˵
ʲôʿⲻܡ
ǿɫ䣬ûֱͷ񶨵
ʿҪϣʲôľһֱūۣȥ廹ʲô棬ȫͱѼˣһ㲻ʣ¡Ժʲôȥˡȥˣ߶ˡ¹صϣȻζܴӦ
ʿĽҪҶ˵仰ǾԻ岻ݵ׷ɱ¹ϣ¹Ȼζ˲
ǿҲÿ
Ȼû˭顣
ˣة˵˵
嫺һȻڵʾة
λģʿֻһٵĶѡȻñūֶֻۣѣߵģҲһЩѪ֡ȻܱūۣңҪΪʿǩҲֻƽԼū⡣
ة˵
ϸ˵㲻壬ѪΪ׼ֻгΪܱϿɣʸ񣬵ǼԼ¼֮ͥϡģҲϿɡ
Ҫ屻˵Ļϵɫվǻ˲١ɸоЩӦ
ʿվǲɶӰ졣
ʿٴ˵
ΪУվֻһ㲻ֵһѣֻҪܻȡ׵棬ȫֵõġô£˶ԳΪʿΪ١ĵλܵӰ죬ġ˼ƿС
嫺ֱӵͷ˵
ȻΪ棬һʲôģԷһߣȫ⡣
档
еУô׵źӵгΪʿĻᣬԽֺ׻ʳװգʿԼΪսޡֻҪÿ߶սޣҪӰףʲôٶ׾١ɾͿ
ة˵
һȫӣɱ˲ѪңƫƫǺݶޱȡ˷ʤȫûа취赲
ֻǣЩıҪɹҪʱ䣬Ҫ̵һʱܼɹ
Ȼʱ䣬⣬Ͼʮ˵Ǽʮ꣬Ǽ꣬ҲǵָһӼ䡣ǵȵֻҪܴﵽĿģǾõġ
˵Щơ
ȴ˵֧ŵĻ£һ·⣬׷׵ִ׻ʳڣѪǡ
ٲʺšʺŽǰ׻ʳǡ
ֱīѩ˵
ԴˣŮȻûоܾ
ˢ
漴߲ʺֱϱң߲ʺһͽڡ˲Ϣ䣬ڲʺϣһεǰס˲Ϣ䣬Զƿնȥ
ʺŻƳա֮׽ڣһɳڣĿʺ֧Ӵ׶顣ͬװֶλ
ͷ׵ڶ顣˵ϽӭȢĹ׳գҴסаĿãһԺ˵
ǿʥʣ壬һȢȢǴ׵ҫעҪǧŵġ
ƶ˵
˭Ժеףһ㶼١
лʹжһ㶼⡣ǰ֪ĻʵۣԺʮǧ鲼˵ֱٵĿӦôĳʵ󹬡
еû̫ˣʼҵ̫ˡΪֹǹûлӵЩĲ°
ӭȢǾ͸ãþС
ܴװе뷨īѩ̤ڲʺϣӸ£ͬ׻ʳһɳǿ۵ףֻܸܵ׻ʳķһϢȻ𺳡
֪УѾ׻ʳǣƳǡ
еƳǣΰ׳ɫĹƱ鲼գУצ֣ѾǧɣȻȻĴݳεѹɭ纣Ǵ׵־
飡
幫ִ֮ʱƳУѾ׼ʱ̻Ѿų߲ʵѤ̻ڰ죬ܿѤɫʡأȾһƬϲ֮ɫ
뷷īѩΪ׻ţī
뷷𽹫Ϊ׻ţ
ʳˡ
뷷ͬʱһɰ˷ֱ뵽ŮڡʮԲǿЦģһɲǼ䣬ŮͬʱܵΪ磬·ʱͻƵһεļ
ͬʱҲоԼһ־ɵУѾڷϡ֮䣬ȻȻĲĥϵ
Ӵ֮ǾǴ׵Ļ
л뷷⡣
īѩԴӳվڲʺϣ뷷⡣
漴ʥּͬ죬ָɢȥ°նԣһϲ¡


1442 
󣬻ʹ֮ھʢ磬īѩŮҲʹ԰УŮڲŮīѩҲй˽⣬ϾҪĵطʲôܲһЩ˽⣬ȿУзһ˿
ûиоʲôֱӵϡһ׽Ϣ˵ĸоǾһͨɷ򣬸ף˿ûеϡ
ȻīѩǺ𽶼͵һеȣҪȻܴһټҵȫǲܵġӦһʱŻչ¶һ档
УīѩŮûоʧһ˿׽ࡣ
оףδزһֺõĽ
īѩϣʺλ㡣
īѩǰһӯӯһ񣬿ڰݼ
֮ǰѾѧһЩ͢ڣȻѧʮּɡףǰʲôݣΨһݾǴ׻ʳĻеӣԺҪʹȥֳ̬ȻҪġ
ϣʺλ㡣
Ҳûгɣһݼ
öԺڴ׶ԼҽãֻҪԼڵ¼ɡԺҽƾͺáǴ׻ʹû̫ĹءЩ飬ˣȻ
Цſ˵
ҲԼ̬ȱֳ׻ʹϣ̫ĹĶǣҺͺĳΪһˣҪġʲôìܣҲϣҪݱ䵽ʰĵزȵһݣǾǴ׵ĻеŮˡҪġ
幫īѩ幫𽣬ⶼʡ͵ĵơ
밾϶¶һ˿аһͷ
֮ĹϵѾʼжԣʣҲΪ˴׻ʳҲζţжˡ
ֻʲôٶͷڷǿǰҪΪС
Ժиֳһͷ
뵽һЩ棬ɫ΢΢һ˿ΡڴʱУ˭ûа취ײΪϣ֪ΪʲôʼոоһѪеľηڴ֮䣬ȫ·磬ÿνʱƺһܡ֪УѾͬ׻ݡ
ˣһһټ磬ȻٴǰȥѡԺסĹǵĴϲ֮գҪһ죬ȻҪ׵
˵
ÿһֵˣڻʹӵһȻЩвûвֽȥУǱҪȥǺֻ֮Ҫѿȫ־Ϳԡģ΢ĩСڡ
ûгɣϡʳˮ㲻ϴݹīѩŮݣҲǳԵĻŭţáڼ統УҲ˽Ϥ
˴ͬټϣǶľɫŮÿһŶصʣȺֵĵûдġ磬ŮȦӣ󲿷ֶòͬŮֹʮֳġ
˴˵òͬ໥׽һԭ
ڼ֮󣬲ŮͬŮڻʹѡֱѡһīѩĹȡΪī񹬣ĹҲȡΪ𽹬
ѡù󣬸ƷڹŮ̵İ£빬ɲãͬйŮʼפС
֪Уգ͵¹ء
гī⡣ɵƻͨҫ磬ܹŮغ򣬲˿
īѩɫѩ˵ڵī롣
пī񹬣¶һ˿ȤҲһ˿ڴ
ɽŮΪӦãȱһɡϲŮˣӹɵģëʳŮƽϲá
μ¡
īйŮеӰ󣬷׷׹ݼ
ɫ¶ŨŨĹ֮ɫȫġ
񡣡
л˵
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īѩ¡
īѩһɫװУʩ
ѩ֮ǰѾ˵ڻʹ֮У͸ԼһûôĹأأ˿ģڻʹڣҾһˣֱӳƺͿԡ
Ц˵ֽīѩ˫ֱʱܸܵдݳľ˵ԣ£īѩǲɵһȻвƽҲƽ
Ͼǰ˼Ϊķеһ֡
ָоīѩԣһ̣Ҳɵ񶯵ƽһĪĵס

īѩҲں
ЦЦǰһּȻĽīѩϸڱ䣬һȫܸоīѩ嶼ýӲ
Դˣ˿û⣬Ҳûзֵ˼Ц˵Ȼ֮Ϊһ𣬵ⲻǽϵԭѣΪûа취ͨһȥһ̸飬ʱ򣬾ǱҪеΡûѡѩҲûѡ񡣵δעԵ֡ȻԵ֣ǾӦúúðգûи鲻£ԺȻվ顣
ⷬ˵ʮֶ顣Ǳ棬ĵҲʵ뷨
ȻֿСУ޷ƭģܹ˸ܵ
ţ
īѩȻҲܸоӲ漴΢΢лУͷӦһ
һֵǧѩϢɡ
ЦīѩƴȥīѩһƬߺ죬ֻܽԴڻУƺ׼ʼˡ
ʱһʹ
Щ޷ӹдȥȻȻһεȫסһ춼һʱһ߿һսŽĻ
ʱ뿪ī񹬣ں𽹬Сûã𽹬Ҳһǵƺڷһδεĳ棬չһҵսһʱǼҵĴϢɢ
⻹ûꡣ
ûãֱӱŮڵĹУĽŮһһδͬߡ
һҹ˷һҹᡣ
֪УȥһҹɫʼʱĹУ߿ҵĲɱŻƽϢ
Уƴϡһѩ׵Ʊɷһ㳱סܿһۺɫζ
ȻǱĿܸܵһɹԪԴԴϵڡȻһ˫ޣĺôǳ޴Ǻ𽣬Ѿһۺɫ֣濴֣У޾ջ


1443 밵
ġ쾭˫Ϲλ쾭컯ɵϹƷף˿еġ쾭Ҫѷɫһ˫޶ɱķšǰԺ£һ󣬾Ҳ޷
ԭû˫ޡ
һ˫ޣ㣬ʱͣڷླΪˮɵͻƣ࿪ʼǣȻȻɱԪ
𽣬Ԫ񾳡
ңһ۳ľĺԪеޱȣҪ֪۳ıͼʮֲΪͼ۳ǣһ֣ԺǲܱǣԵܹġиӾ˵
īѩͬõĪĺô
Ů˫ޣ㣬컯֮ɲֻһ˵õôŮ˫о޴ĺôȫܸܵһӴ컯֮ڣǿΪϴʣѪ֮ӡƺѪøǿ
˿̣ôģȻС
ȴѾȫڡ
ֻСڣӰѾ֡Ӱʵīѩ˫֮ɴ֮Ԫ֮㣬컯֮ȻȻıɡ
Ŀ̵컯֮ϣصķ˸绯Уһɹɻ֮糱ˮӿڡ컯֮ûȫΪһ壬ǷֳɡȻͬ
գۼ䣬öֱ۳Ρ
컯飬һβ֪ʲôľϲ
Ŀãһ˿ڴÿ˫ޣһĪĻԵǡΪ֮һڵһ˫ʱдΪӱΪĶǾǵ̣֮ȣΪǲֵһᣬֿɵá
Ů˫޺Ůͬ壬컯顣
ö컯ڳֺûκͣ٣˲񺣣ѪСҿ²ϴߡ
һöں󱳣߹֮漴Ȼը컯֮Ϳٳһϡ
ܿУɫķĲ֣ɢ貵ĹâٿϿռ䣬һ˿˿ĸоӿ֣ܿУ޾ĹâЩâһůĸоƺһ̣棬һа񣬶ΪУײڡڹ£һ˼ͨͨΪС
ƺһеĹ⣬ڴˡ
ڹâУȻԿһȫɹ۶ɵoȻȻĳΣϸȥǵӰȫһģһκβ
ϣԴ֮񡣡
һѾеõѶϢοٳģȻһϣΪ֮ϻۣ߶ϣɻΪ⣬ƿعٳайĵطͿӵսϣﵽ£Ƕⷨ
⻹ꡣ
ܿһö컯飬Ѫдգۼ䣬󱳱߹ϣֻ֮ǰڹڵߣγֵұߡһһңպ໥Գơһֲһ˿ࡣ
ҵӦλú󣬶ʱȻը컯֮Ϳٳһϡ˵֮ǰֵ޾ĹһγֵģȻ޾ĺڰڵķĲ˸ԴԴϵмȡԺڰ
ڰȫһƬһ˿ĹڰУֲ巽򣬱ңҲҲ߼ʡƺõļžûò˵µ¡
ڰУƺһɹĵתתۼ䣬һںڰеoȻȻۡڰϣΧŲת
˫
ڰϣԴڰ֮ƿغڰ֮
Ҳɰһ˿𺳡ڰа񡣶ĳţĹޣõĳߡںڰ֮Уƿغڰ֮ʴһСʮְԵ
ڰ໥ġͬҹ
Լû뵽οٳĻϡңһ٣Ϊ磬һǿֱ̣ӾϱԴﵽѰʿ󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
ڣУ˲ӳա
ͬʱڰϱԴȻȻ뵽ͼ֮УֵϷ򣬺ɵľͼΪһ壬ⰵ֮ȫ޷ܣͱͼںϣͼУѹһС
ϱԴΪͼһֺ󡣶ʱͿͼУõ۳ʵʡһͨɢ޾⣬¶֮Ȼһ֮
һͨڣĿ£һۿȥͷ·ǿޱߵĺڰһڰ֮ĳ֣ʱͼøӵǿ޾ĵϲϵһ£ͼʣһ̣ͼǿֱһ֡
ֻһ㣬ͱʲôΪ֪Ҫ϶ٱʵԡ
ǿҵĸǰˣֱӵϵ
һһ̣ɣʵǰһ󲽣īѩŮĿҲ
컯ܹٳһϡ
һйءԾ˳֮İ¡һ㣬Ȼۻ֮ͳϵΨҶ컯鿪ϣʵҲǵۻ֮˶طϡ뼺ҪȻ޿һ㡣Уߵݡһ𣬿ϣҪʲôĶѡ
ٶ࣬վǹڵۻʴ֮¡ԡͳķӵ¡޵ۻ֮
аԳûΪ϶ʲô뷨ϱԴɱͼԣʱڴϣϱԴ໥ģصϣͼصϡ֮һЧʸߣȻԶ׼ġ
Щʿϻܶ࣬ûа취ͼķʽͳܷӳʵֻ൱ޡҪ۶ͼ޷ͼһɰٴͳ


ŮҲѹУ϶¶һ˿Σһ
ˣҪҪ˯һᡣ
Ц˵
Ůһ˿ζ
ϿĲ١ζʵǲΪ˵Ҳīѩİͷı11졣ܵΪµĻ֣ȷʵ˻ζ
еĻֻҲ֧ŵס
ˣ컹Ҫʺ衣ĹӦӡ
īѩ˵ȻЩߣǼҪ
ɱѼõȡ
Ҳͷͬ
ǺãѼദ֮ˣԺȻʲô¡һͿԡ
׵ͷûֹ


1444 ط
ʮ꣬³һ
һ죬նһƽɫ⿪ʼأ︴֮ʱڴϿգȻ䣬ܿƳϣɫĹֱӸ֡УǧɵȻвϴ󣬲ʱ¶һƬצһεѹ糱ˮϯķ
һ̣Ǵ׻ʳ֮ܿҲܿ
Ŀһһǣģ֪ᱻ˫۾עӡҪѣǼֱǲܵġ
ô£ⲻǴ׻ʳĹƺôͻȻ֣ҵĹԹԣȻѾͻƵǧɳǲ˼鰡˵Խ˳ԽۺǴ˲¡
˵ͻƵǧɣʸ۳ģʱ֣ѵǴ׻ʳҪ׼۳ˡǰôûķ
ҪˣҸо϶дҪˣǰÿγȻо춯صĴ·Ҳ϶⡣
׻ʳڣĿãһ¶֮ɫ
ͬʱʱһԺ֮ɫŴ׻ʳˣ̣Ҳǡ׵һУһϢϢء
ܲɷ֡
ô£ѵǴҪ۳ǰû˵Ĵš
Ծ̫Ծˡ۳ԲͿ˵ģҪ׼֪ж٣ô˼򵥡˴ĵģô¡
һûУȫͷ԰
ڴĿһץģԺȫǷɣ벻׵Ҫʲô˳һ㣬ؼû˭Ը⿴׽۳
ʳѾ˵Ѳһ۳ĺ̫¡
˭Ը⿴ܿƵĴ׻ʳ֡
Ҳѿƣɽ۳Ļһֻ¹޵ġ
˭ϣ׽۳
һͷǺʣﰵִѹ֮¡Բ
漴˶ۣͣͬʱա
ȻԿһսۣ޾У̤գվ֮ϣķ·Ѳ졣һεȻȻĸء
ϯķ
ǻϡ
׻ʡ
һ̣廹壬Ϊ֮Ȼ
֪϶дҪ
ҪȻеݣôܻʱ֡ö֮¶Ρ
Ϊʲô
鹫ҲǺĿա
ҸоҪˡ

Լ䣬һЩо
شټ٣ɷ֮ԽŨδҴװգڴ޹ܶѡԽҴ׻ʳطԴ֮󣬴ײһգֱΪֹԴ֮󣬴Ϣκ¼
һһ䣬ƽ³һ
ȻĴݵ׻ʳÿһ˶УˣҲһܹԺ˵˲֪˲
ʲô
ʲôطô
дپҪôǲطŻϣϿ϶Ầǣô϶ôĵǴҲҪϢʱ䡣
ǰǴռݵĽɲСǸúúܶطǵعϡʱ䣬Ϣȹ̸źá
׻ʳڵİǾȣͲʲô
ǹߣǶԣϵʵҲ̫󣬷ǾûҪ뿪׻ʳڣڴ֮УŬΪҪģģҪչطȫûϵ赲ҲĸΣաԴˣϲּġ
ʲôط׻Ҫʲô
鹫¶֮ɫУԺпתͷԲ²ѵ֮ĴսѾҪʼˣңڴ׵ᣬѾȻǴܿͷȻ⡣֮սֻǣôܡ
ɶǻ˴ʵԴעڴ׻ʳ֮СףּҪȡر£ͻȻˣˣǲ̫ϷˡҲ̫˰ɡ
ʣôܷβܣֱǿЦѱ˵ɵһˣҪôǾǽ˵׳ˡ
٣ԲӦ
ܰ׻ôȫ벻ǲӦġҲϴ㵡
ʣ˭Ŵ׻ʳһǿǰԼ͸˴֣ƴһǼֱǵ̡
еǻۣô顣
Ϊʲôô
ڻʹУü
ô
īѩ¶֮ɫ
棬ЩԾӦ벻ĺ˼૵
˭벻лʱطȫûһס
ͻȻʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ͻȻ˸Ӧ
嫺
ž
һյ豭ڵϡ
嫺ԣһҲǱĻֻ۾¶ŭ֮ɫ
һ׻ʣһУǽ׳ôҪʲôչȻһԣһѪɺӣǴȴ̨벶ȸں󡣵֮ΪͿ⡣ֱΡ
嫺
嶼Ҫըˡ
Ҫ֪ողԴ׻ʳļƻҪʵʩû뵽ͻȻͳôһ£Ҫˣ֮ǰĹȫ׷ˡȫڴǵ
ŭĻڳǵ̡ǵɵȫһֳ裬ĳ衣
øְ취ڶԷȻһӣˡ
¼ûĵ
һ㣬ǾԲӦ
£ô졣
ة࿪ѯʵ
˭벻ݱӡ
ȫѽ
ô죿
嫺ɫ࣬Ц嫺ڣҪǲӦҪطҲҪǲͬ⣬㽲ȴȭͷǿɾ͹ֲñ
ȥ嫺֮УкޣȫɱףҪ޳û׻ʳ
طط
嫺Цһһ䣬Ǵĳġɼеŭжǿʢ
ȫҧҧгݣﵽŭյĵز
ﳲС
ŮζĿ׵λã˼Ҫ֣ǿɲô׵飬϶Ӧġ
ûܻӦľ嫺
׻ܴ˻ҵǾ;Բǰ׳գûһǻۣôܿټ˳䣬˵仯棬϶ԭ򣬷򣬾˿ˡ
Ҳվգף૵
ط׻ʣҪѹ𡣡
ʱһаĻ׵ĳУ쳹ס


ʮ˾ ˭


1445 ҹħ
˭
ʲôˣô¡ѵطֻҪϢҪѹĳִСϢֱа찡
ô£ƺЩԾ
Ϻ𣬶ʱӿֳ֮ɫƺطô򵥡иε塣
£ô졣ҪҪȿ˵
ة࿪ѯʵ
ȵȵȡ
嫺еŭ΢΢ɢ׵ͷʾͬ
¡¡
һɽУȻԿһ޴ɽͻȻ䣬һǻľ滨ݣͨͨһ˲俪ʼ㣬ήţһ޴ѷѿؼ䣬·һ޴Ŀӡ棬嫵а·һӿ
棬ƺڰܿУаĶڻֲۣ˻𲻶ϴ£һ޴ĺӰաǺӰУƺܿڲϱá˴Ŀġֲ·Ҫ˺Ť
棬ѷ䣬ƺܿһ޴Уת֪ͨʲôطһΣϢһϢ
֮ǿѾȫԪ񾳣ǳԽ񾳣ﵽһֿµĲΡ
ָо·һڸյĸħ˲
׻ʣƾ㣬طķδ̫ˡΪҹħǿô
ǵӰһУѾҹɱӲģԹһȫʬҪȻ֪Ϊҹ˵³жô¡
Уһ˿׺а
ʲôҹаħ
ôҹһ徹ȻǿߴУѷ죬ĪһͨҹͨѵҹҪɱˡ
ѵطΪ˶ԸЩҹаħ׻ʳڣŰܱߡ
֮Уյһĸоǹѹľ޴ѹǾ١
ȻҹϢǵڣĪҹйء
嫺΢΢üͫһаȻ
Ҫ֪ҹǰ£κ鶼Ҫվҹĵˡһ֣ȻҪȺĳڴ׻ʳڣطдȫǴ˽ľٶףΪӮʱ䡣ȡᡣ
٣˾塣
Ϣ嫺ܹоĵȷʵҹϢһ㣬Դˡҹħʲôɫȴδ֪ȫ£ȫһСܿʮֵааһֺ󣬾Ϳʼؼӡе壬ƺаħɡĴĿġ
ҹħ磬Ҵ׻ʳɲΪҪͨҹͨٻҹаħֻҪҴ׻ڣǾ;Բκλᡣɱ
̤գȻ³һƺܸܵɵļᶨ
¼䣬һҹħ˹ȥÿһܸܵش糱ˮۣҹħѹȥÿһ£·ܸо˲䱩ǣͬɽӡ
ĺá
ҹħ˿ûо£ֻϣ޾а𣬽ţܿգ֪ʱѾһڰǣ·Ӱһ뵽ҹ֮Уڵ䣬ڵĿ¡ңǺڰۿɼٶȷӡ
ܿѷУһڵĴڲۡ
ƺҪͨĳµĵط
·ź̺Ŵֲ
Ѫǣط׷
һߣһߺԥ³һ
ţѪгֳһѪɫ˲ţ׻ʳڣУط·𱻷ָ׻ʳȫһֶĽ޷ɽѪýƽ磬㳤档һεرݸ֡
Ѫǵһ磬ⲻ֮ͬǰѪػѪػǿ󣬵Ѫ磬Ѫػǿһ磬Ƿָ磬֮أ׵׵ķָӰ죬˵ɶĶ֮ءĹ򣬶ܵӰ졣
ѪǷָУ޾ʱһֻûȷķһпֱʧС
һ֣ɽɽˮˮĸо
ȫԿѪܱߵķϣ׷׿ʼ仯û׻ʳ·𾵻ˮ°㣬ʼгȥ
ַĹУǿԴϵġһ˿˭𹥻ȻȻ÷Ĺ̿ʼٻܵӰ졣
ֻǣŴ֮УӵĺڰǿµаϢܱ壬ԳĬˡ˭óȻ֣Ҳˣ嫺Ŵ׾ڣȴûп޳
ҹħչֳϢɢѹҹȫһ££˭óȻ֡вһô׻ʳȥѹҹħͷ
Ǳūͣɣ׻Ϊħ
ҹħ췢һЦ
ֻǴƬڰֵУһɳڣװͻȻ䣬ðһڵа۾ɫɢĹâȻһʧ˱ԡ
аսȥؽ棬дйǴǾգء
Ŀã³һ
漴Ż£У޾Ĺâ糱ˮɢ֮ԡڹ֮УЩƵİգ׷¶֮ɫϵĺۿɼٶɢѸٻΪСŻָ
ս
ñΪҹնɱδһУɱ
˲Ϣ䣬ڰײ޾ţ׽֣棬ֻܿӰвϽ棬ֲֿĻ治ӿ֣һ˿һҰУʱôƬܻԵĴ
ڻҰУһ˲䣬ͬڹۿһսȻȴܸ̺ܵĿֲܡ
ã㿪
ͻȻ䣬ǿ߷
˲Ϳһھ޴ì벿Уֲսìбìϯأ䣬һ¾ͱķѣСߣ޼
˵һ֮£Ѿˡ
꼰㰡
˲췢
ţͿһںɫ˲仮ƳգһɳȥڻҰУµĵطպһֻʳʬ֮ء
һȥرпµĹ˲佫ʴʳʬΪҹħū͡һ¶ѪĹâױūۡ
һУսڲתơ
֮ɱ׽뵽Ȼأȫֵܲģѹʿ޷ӲҪ˵ǲСоͻᱻʳƬ
սڲϵƶӻҰɱ档һɹನ޵ɱʳƬ


1446 
һսϴ򵽱ɱ½غ󣬽Աս֮¡ʱನһɢȥɵľǻԵƻÿһ񾳵Ŀֲƻ񾳣ѾԼ˶طѾԵ֮شơ
ȻȻɵƻ
һͨڴУֱӾô󺣳ըѣɾˣ캣Хϣ֪ʬ٣ǻ棬ǲޱȡսƺпûпɳǣǽսڻҰУû漰
Ȼ˼û塣
岿ȴԲܶ඼
սתƣƬҰಿ䱻ʧأֱӱ壬޷ֲشǻ棬׻ʳУͷ·һ
ֲϽŰ
ǿҹħʲôħʵȻԴ˳̶ȣһаϢڰϢֱǾ춯أ綼ܻΪҹתʱڷƿأԲһǿ󡣡
ƿյս¶֮ɫ
棬ǵķڡҪʲô⣬ֵƭ˵ģƭԼġ
ҹħܿ£аϮȻʴūͣūŰȥ׻ʳħҹռݡɵƻʵ̫ˡ
īѩһ˵
ֻǣİæҲ޴Ӳ֡
һսѾﵽ񾳣Ǹ޷ֻ֣ϣܹսʤҹħѹַҪѡطҹħɱȥ嫺򶼽áܻԴ
Ҳ˵
Ŀҹħһ岿䵱ʴūͣǻ棬̫¡УǾ϶ѡ˵ȫûκ塣׾ͻᱻѹ
ΪʲôΪʲôզʳħ䣬Ա߾Ǿ鲿䣬ΪʲôǾ鲿Ϯƽⲻƽ⻹𡣡
һʳħվڱɷĲǰ췢ŭ
ǸʲôôԴ
ﲻƽⰡ
Լɷ棬ԱߵĲȴúõģһëû𡣼ֱ̡
һսһ졣
սĲޱȡ
սȻ֮ʱУͻȻ֣Ȼ䴫ݳһɾ޴ѹ糱ˮѹȥһȻҹħϡ
飡
һͽҹħպ䵽棬˲ͱشҹħȴĻָһΣѾǴҹѷ֮С
׻ʣҹħǲģɱңҪƾ׻ʳشƣѹң˵㡣ͨҹĴżֻۣҪؼ仹жаǾֹҹŵĿ
ҹħһЦܿѷУڵħۿɼٶԴԴϵĻؼһ۳ʵʵĻֻ»мΪõ鷢Ϊµĺ
ħźдֲ
Բɣһɣ׻ʳ꣬嫺򶼽ܵвҹǶѾáһ룬Ǿ鷳ˡ
׻ʳ׻ʿҪѹԲɹ
һ̣ѪǻûгɷַḶ́һɶ͵ģҪԴԴϻ֮֮ɣԣǷѪĴڣ֮Զ֮⡣
УӲյӰ죬ҪȻٶȻյķ
˿̣û˭ĿҹħеɱƻûĸҳҪƻʹҹһŰ嫺Ǻ˭ܳеˡ
еˣ̫ˡ
صû˭û˭ҲСڴܹɡԽԽá
ѹ
зһϺȡйâһȻԿһö޴֣һ֣е֮׻ۣСöۿɼٶȾ͡
գۼգͳǵѷѹȥ
¡¡
һҵĺУһɫ糱ˮѷѹȥƺҪѷ쳹飬ǱΪޡȻһַ֮ΪҪħҹħһӡȥ
ֻǣħ̺̫ǿȥûн֮飬ð޾ĺڹ⣬һǻ棬ǹ졣ȫ޷ֵ
ʳˣѹҹ֮šҹ֮Ŵ򿪣Ƭأҹ¡ҹ㡣
ҹħЦ
׻ʳˣˣѹҹ֮š
ô죿
ҪǴѹҹ֮ţҹɱ硣磬εֵҹĹ
û뵽׻ʶѹƲˣڸô졣Բҹ֮ųۡҹ֮ţȡؼ֮֮ؼ伸޾޷ֹֻ˽ѹʳ˶ѹסҹ֮šֹҹ֮żȡа
ʳѹˣǾ͵۳Դ׻ʳĵ̣ͻǧɣ˿Ѿϰڣ۳ûκ⡣һ۳˹ˣԵɱ䣬ʱӦÿԽҹ֮šȡа
һ̣׻ʳ֮ǿ߲һͷ
ǰǰͲý׻ʳѹȥζ뿴׽۳ȴ޲ôܹ۳ֻѹסҹ֮š
Ǽǧҹ֮ţжɵһľо̺޾Ĵֲʱпܱ
û˭ܹӣҪ׻ʳܵס𡣵סĻ嫺򵲵סӡͷûа취֣Ҫ˲ء
쿴ҹ֮УгӣǲǴ˵еҹħ棬˵ҹħһ֣ܼܿʴһУ֮Ϊħ
һ̣ȫܿҹ֮УֳҹаħӰܼĳӣһֻֻаޱȣƺҪֻ棬ӵġ
׻ʽ۳
׽۳
ֻн۳ѹаħ
Ϊ˲Ϊ˺嫽Ϊ壬׽۳
һ̣շź׽۳Ե۳֮ѹͨ
ۣ
һ̣׻ʳڵʿûӵɳֱǿЦٵİɡʲôѽǰڴ׻ʳ˭Ƿĸһһʲôľٶǽ䱸֡ŶǼɵ֣ӲҪ˵ǽ۳
һȻȺ³
ô£ҩ˰ɡȻô׽۳ָоʵǵ߸еӡȫˡ
ͺ񿴵Ǹһ
ָоΪ˵Ҳ
ûᣬʵ
۳ڽա
ʱҪǴԻ
Ժ˲һͷ


1447 ۳
ǧѷ꣬ǧѷĻᡣ
׳Ϊν۳ͷʹϾǿм䣬׻ʳռʵеΣʮֵΣգһСģͻǣܴѡʬҰ˿Ĵ⣬һδΪƽ֮Ĺϵ
Ҫֻеȵ峹׽ɱһɱۣ޷ٹ˼ǵ²пܡ
˭뵽Ļᡣ
ҪԼ׷׾׽۳ˡ
оͬΰ
׻ʳڵİգˣһĻĻģȫǷӦôͻȻ嶼ִ֧׽۳ءҲû˵֣ȫһĬĬΪ
ĬҲû취
ڵľ嫺Ҳˡ
˭뵽ͻȻðôһҹħҹֶˣ⻹ô졣ȫûа취ֻ׻ʳԵסһ
ʳסǾֻǵ۳
۳ͽ۳ɡֻϣѹסҹ֮šֻϧӡڣ޷֣ɷ֮죬ȻûҹĶʵǿɶ񡣡
嫺һһϺȡ
۳ϣѹƵסҹ֮š
˵
۳ԺҪɳԲһ˳Ҫһɳˡ
Ůζ˵
嶼¡
׽۳Ĺϵܹ󵽵ͬøֻ࣬ǵǣ۳ˣܲѹסǵҹ֮ţҪѹסǺ̫ˡ
ڵ伮У󶥼壬˭йҹļء
һǿÿһԪڱľأֱһԪһǿߺճһǿߣɱҹ
ɰһԪսᣬԪ֮
ʽ۳
һ̣Ҳͬķź
Ͻ۳
գҲһ̣ź
źУһŨŨڴһ۳ǵݣõеԺҲӵǿҡ
ãȻʳѹƲס㣬ǾԵ۳֮ѹҹħȱʽ۳㱻ӡ֮ʱң룬ܲӡ
ӿֳһ˿ţϲɫķһϺȡ
Ϊһ̣ǿɲһ׵顣
գǽ۳֮ʱΪ˽죬Ǹ֪ټ
̨
췢һϺȣдһȻͬʱ׻ʳڣаղĸоһ£ܵһ˿
ˢ
µ˲䣬Ϳƺеļֱ̨ӳƳǣ㳡֮ϡ
ֻ̳֮ǰȣѾı䡣棬̵ķԽԽ࣬ɢϢԽӵĺأӰ̺Ų˼־
̳غоɸߡ㡣
һΪķڶԲΡһݿݵĽһаʮһ̨סȡžŹһ⡣
̳һԲһΪԲط
һ֣ڳУͷ·̳־̳
һε־ؼۡ
̳Ϊ˳Ѿ޷һԽ٣ֻֻܹ޷ߡ
Ϊ˳֮Ȼ̨ܸܵı仯
ο̨۶ģһ־ɣһǴ־һ־˳ɾߣǷܹڴףȴûȨ
׻ʳûʸ񴥼Ϊ顣
һѶϢȻȻĳԺУҲԻȻ
ûоʲô裬ãһ£ĺ¡ô׻ʳ˳ݣĸֻҪ˵ؼ䣬֪
ðһĴջ
һ̣ĿҪĴ֣Ǵ׻ʳǴ˳ݾͳزסˡĺ̫ˡԽΪ
ڴ˿̣ȷʵΪҪһ㡣
ϡƷ
лּ䣬˲ڼ̨ϡЩƷǴռĸ
Щ̳ȻȻΪ⣬ʧƺĳ־ȡ
׻ʳ֮УٴμأԿڰգ޵пܣʹҴװգܹǿ裬Ӱ죬񣬽°Ѵڣհҵ
ʳҵλѾ޷ؽ٣׼׻ʳλɾ͵۳
һһ䣬һֶصɣ¶׹
Ϊ׻ʳ֤֮١
йż̨ңңһݡ
˳֮û˭ܹ׵ĳİݼͨʿ˶飬˱ܲס˳֮ļݣ̤ڼ̨ϳݣȻһεΰ졣
֤١
һ̣׻ʳڣڰշ׷׹ݣһĵźźУ̺ÿһԸõϣ
˿ڣǺεӴԸεȾԸ
Ը糱ˮڼ̨ϡ
̨֪пʼ⣬ɢĹâз˸
ֻԸо־ͬˣֻڳֺգûн٣Ҳû¶ֺ󡣷־գһֻɫ߸ңע·
ۣ֮־١
̫ˣǴ׽ĻӦֻҪлӦǺ¡֪λӭʲôĿ飬Ҫ֪ÿһνضήֽ١סͿԽǾ
׻ʳ˰ڴ
ǻʳ۳
˵˳֮Уʳ۳ȫûа취ȵġҪĿ飬Ҳ򵥡
һֻ̣һ볤۴ĲȻȻĳڼ̨ϡμؽ֣Ǵ׵ֹļ룬Ȼ޷ȱ
̤ڼ̨ϣӿֳһ˿һ̣ʷļ֤֤ؼһ۳ĵ
һݵأϣΪĸ
ɫȻ˵
еټ̨һ㣬ңңݣһݣݴع壬ܹ԰ԷϢ಻
һݣ𶯣׽ڱܸܵ΢΢𶯡εĴ֮ڼ̨С̨һ㣬˸ѹȻ
죬Ϊн嵱ǿ
ٴκ
Ҳ˳Ƶٵڶ㣬ٴιȥĿռ䣬Ψǿܷܲϡڡ
첢֮־װգһ㣬ǲɷϵġ
Уһڼ̨ϡڶ㱻֡
ݵ컯أԸ岻ף崫в𡣡
߼ֵ


1448 
һϵ㣬̤ȥһɲǣĸоͷε־ƺԼϣһĮһϡĮǴ־Ԩ㣬ޱߣɲ⣬ϵѹأطļ塣
ʱѹȻȻĳϣǽ񾳣ɸܵСͷ·һƬһ㡣һ룬Ҫױݻ٣ɱ
׻ʳ֮УռشʳҵλѾ޷Ҵ׹ˣش˼ڵ׼۳
޾ѹûгɣһһ䣬ûа˿ÿһ³ʱоϵѹȻΪ㣬־ᣬ޷˵ᱻѹ壬Ӽ̨Ϲȥ
Ǵ˳֮Ŀ飬ûмᶨ־ǿǣܵõϿɡ
ôʸص۳ҵλ
꣡
ż棬ܿɫ֮Уһ׹⣬к׵Ĵһĺ
׼
ƺ׼ԴĻӦ
Ҳһ̣бܵĸоԴ׻ʳ·𱻴ƣεļѾ޳
գҴ׵۳
дϲ̤ڼ̨ϣһ
۳׵۳
еĺʱ׻ʳշ׷ϲ֮ɫ췢źĵϲȫйȥ
ŴĻӦȻԿƳϿգһƾ֣Уһ׹ڴɢµѹ·ҪµһУͨͨݻ١֮ڽ֮С
˳ĽǵõһҪܿ飬һܲסɵĺֻǽʧܣܴ죬ܴ졣

Уֳ˴Ĺƣֳɫա
ͬʱ̾ڹϵҲųֳΣǧɳһתȻ䣬ӽɫΪɫΪһ޴ɫÿһƬƬεûһ˿覴á
֮ǰצֻһֱֳıı࣬צ˳ϢϢأʳ˳ֳɫйˣڣȻȻ䱾ɱɫƽʱû¶˿ʱų¶ࡣ
¡¡
һײ˸תۼ䣬Ϊһ˲
飡
ϣ˲䣬Ϳһɫţֱӱ⵲⣬˲飬ΪϸСϴ󡣽צȫڡշ·ΪһƬ׺ȴ಻ϡûп־壬һ˷ȸԾ
ǽ٣ͬ컯Ƕһϴ
ܿǧɵڽвСһִϴѪеɱ䣬ڽ׵ϴ£ԭȵѪʱ޳ϵĳŸߵѪнһƬƬɫƬڽз䣬ڰΪ⣬ѤʡͬʱµƬɫֻɫУʼһ˿ɫɫܲۡϸۿѷ֡
ɴھǴڡ
ңŵһȥڶͿʼ٣ϵϡ
ǧɵС
Ƭϳֳɫۿɼٶӡһδλһδɱ䡣Ѫɱ䣬ڳɳ
ĵ̣Ҫɹѣⷴһ컯ǱҪɱ̡
пգûв֣飬Ӳֲˡɹȥ۳Ҫﵽǧɣ񣬴׵ȴﵽˣݵ̣ѾԶ˳
һδС
һǧɣѾСŰɣǰ˰ɡ
С߰ʱ

ֻзһ߿ϣ˲ųޱȴɫ⣬Ƭһ̣ȫɱ䣬ΪɫµצâһٴζһֺȻצɱצ
һɾ˵ѹ糱ˮ˷ϯȥ
֮ɽ
ɱ䡪צ
׻ʳˣɱΪɫɫˣɫˣ
Щͬһʱɱ䡣
̫ˣѾɱˣѾΪצ
צɫˣѾǵ۳ǴѾ۳ô
һ˫˫۾ͶϣĿɱ䣬һе˷ȫԱжһ˳Ҫľ飬ɱ䣬ľ΢ĩСڡˮɵġ
Ƴǣ۳ǡ
ûгɣֱӿ³һ
˳֮ɳͬǱز٣޷ӵĲ֡˳۳ɳǱҪ۳ǣֻе۳ǣܳص۳ˡ
Ƴʲô˳ɳǣңһɳΪһĶǡͨԸɣӵĤ֮ΪɳġŦ
ЩʮڽڵÿյԸɳ֮Уÿʱỵ̈ɳǶɱ䣬ڳɳڱͬϽ֯ŵĸֵƣ顣ʮФɳǣʮɳܲɷ֡
ЩͨͨƳǵĵ̡
Ը¡ƳǱѾﵽһּ۷塣
˵Ǵ׻ʳĸͬҲ˵ɳǵڡ߱ܲɷֵġ˿ɱ䣬ڣƳǳ״
ˢ
һͨ쳹ص컯ƾճ֣צڣͬҲƳڡ
ش͸͸컯컯֮ɳǽҪ
пֳһͷ
ɳǽȵľһ컯֮
Կޱߵ컯֮ԴԴϵƳڡƳۿɼٶ˲͡չ컯⣬һָԵɱ䡣
Կ֮ȷɱ䣬º컯Դ֮֮ڵϵ
ͬʱԸĳ壬ۿɼٶɱ䣬øǿӼ̣ӳȡ֮ǰʮֹڣճĵۡʮФƱ鲼ɳÿһ
ܸоʮФҲڷɱ䣬֮ǰǿ󣬸Ӿˡ
ҲȻȻšʮÿ䶼ڱǣȻȻ͡ۿɼٶڱУա
˵֮ǰƳǿǧ˿ھסڵƳǣվס棬ɸࡣĿռøӵĿ㡣
˵Ƴʱĸֽ򣬻ΪһĻǵڽʳʱٴʮƬ½µĳסأֵȵȣԳ֮Ϊ
ڣһŵĲ֣ʣԳ֮Ϊ
Ի֣֪ڵƳǳ壬жô
Գǰǵ


1449 ۳ 
ĵڽֽ±Ƴеİռݣ¿ٳ־סأҵֵȵȣ˵ֽΪ׻ʳڣľס֮ءҪƳжӣڿɲô׵顣
˵Ƴǽֹͨվס
ǣ۶Ӳף
ңӵ˸ϸؼǣǶ١ƣƳǾͻҵС
⻹ƽ磬һȥɵ˿͸ࡣ
˿̣Ƴɱ䡣
ΪƳǵĺ֮һĹǵһʱ仯Ӵ컯֮˳ŹĸӵƳڣУ·ľһ㣬ᴩķĸԴԴչ֮ȻȻĿʼ
Ըһ̣뵽ƳСΪһ֡
ҪЩ˿ڣ磬䴫Ը˾˵ţδܹ֧ŵס
һ̣ȴܿ޾⽫Ƴȫڡ貵УܿʮФްȻ޾컯֮ФڡʮФü֮С

𣡣
裡
㣡
˲䣬嫺컯֮һ㾦֮ʣȥʱФµФս׳ɱ䣬棬һȻ䣬һ߿ĺ
ˢˢˢ
ʮսͬʱշ𣬳գФʮλÿһսжֳһĻޣսеĻޣһ̣ȫɱ䣬Ϊһצսɢ޾ϡţս⣬ֵĺȻһ𺳵ţţϵѪ֮һ
צ
ţ
ɽ󣡡
ջ򣡡

ã
׻
̰ߣ
۽˿
Ȯ

𼦣
һϴܶʿѾϳЩսɱϻޡȻѪͬޣڴ˿ʮФ֮£ǾޡÿһѪӵпµʵһ֣ȻȻģһεѹ糱ˮϯķ
һ·Ĵڡ
սϣ鱦Ϣ糱ˮ˷ɢȥ
ŵһͬʱϼȡ컯֮£ڶ׷Ծ˵ٶ
תۼʹﵽھŵ
ΪƷ鱦۷塣
ɱḶ֮́
У
Ŀã̲סһ¶˷֮ɫ
ˣʮФսڳˡǸװƷ鱦Ʒ鱦սףǱƷ͵鱦Ҳѷɫ
ʮ鱦Ǵ׻ʳĵ̸ۺˣڴ֪ʲô˲ִʮսסϣܿ㿴ʮս׵
׻ʳڣӿֳ޾ϲá
׻ʳȻԽǿԽá
ʮФػԹλˡ֪˭
Ժаһͷ
ʮФս׼ȻѾɣȻ˵ǵƷףսФΪһ壬ƳΪһ壬ƽʱɻФ֮УФ֮Ĵʱƣսеɻ᲻
ƷƷǼƷ鱦ҲδزûпܴɡңھƷ֮ңһ£ͻƵƷԲ⡣
׾ٵ顣
ʮФսҲٴηФ֮ڡФ֮Ĵ
ͬʱʼǡ컯֮뱦ñʼɱ䡣
Կٴη룬תۼ䣬һȫµг֣صķ֯Ϊһȫµƽ硣
ѾӵоŲƽ硣˿ڽ۳֮ʱٴοʼ
һ㣡
㣡
㣡

գۼ䣬˾Ų㡣
˲䱩һùϵƽһӴﵽʮ˲ľ˾ء
ȻЩƽ磬δ·ġ
ڶ˵ģǶˡ
ʹɴˡ
ͬʱƽ磬һƾۣôڹϳ˳ÿһƽ磬ƺʮ߼ʣҲ˿ڡÿһƽеԪʮŨң̺ģԪʥءϱء
ʮ˲㣬ðʮ˲ƽ磬ɸգҲţǿߡ
аԴϲǺ¡
ƽ֮еԪԱطҪŨؼʱ̣£ǿߵһǶһЩŵֻҪףƽлȡһפصĻЩţԻ֮͡һõפأ˵žصĵλ
ƳǵҪԣֻԽԽءһɳǣ
ɽƽ֮ӵһפأȻŵĸѩޣƳǵӣ˿ûаӡһŵӣ˵ǳפƳڡǹճƷʣгһЩɽеزķ󷨵ȵȡ
˿̣ڲ֪У֮컯֮Ľƣ֪УѾɱΪؽ챦ؽ챦鱦ңһ鱦нƣȻȻĻΪ
Ȼ䣬֮ᴩƳǡڳдɳɢϢڽΪ鱦֮Ԫٶ˲ٱֹԪΪ֮ע壬ɳǡɳǳɱıԵƽǴ
¡¡
ƺڲ䣬һƳдݶ
ɳǶ緢޾⡣
Ƴǣ۳ǡ
Ƴǣ𼶡
ǵģƳȫͻƣңνһǽ۳ǣһֱӽΪɳǡһɳǣ֮ϼǿ󣬶ңս֮ǿ鱦ᱻɳǵײƬһǾһ춯صĿֲڡ
ԸؼΪ֮һǿԸûΪʵ컯У档ɳڵԸȫԼͬһ㣬ԸƳڣΪĵ̡
ɳԸΪҪɵĻɳǣ޷ɡҪѰҸֶϣҪٿ顣
ȻҲɣ˺Ը飬ʵʲôõĳġ
ʲôǵ̣
ǵ̣
һεѹ糱ˮ˷ɢݳȥɢȥһ˲䣬ѹƽˮ
Ƴǽ𼶡
еĸ챦׷׿ʼɱ䡣
ʺţӪѧ޵ȵȣڷɱ䡣õɳǵķֱԱԴעȥ벻ѡ׷׷Եɱ䡣
Щڵı仯֪֪
ȫס
Ƴǽ۳ˣΪʲôҸոոоһǣоƳǾԲǼ򵥵ĵ۳ǣɳǣֻ²򵥡
嫺Ŀ䣬ƳǣԺаһͷ


1450 ׵۳
ֻǣɳǲǵ۳ǣһϢ嫺Ҳκε顣ֻǸоɳǲ򵥶ѣԼڤڤеĸӦ
ɳֻδػһ鱦ѷɫ

ܳΪһ˳ĵ۶ص۳ˣɳǾһͨˡշУƯⲻѰȻ֪Ƴôģ壬ȻǱһ㣬ؼһ˳֮ƣ˵
һ˳ؼ䣬һ۳Ůμ޵˻ûм޴
Ů
𼶣ɳǣɳǣɳ֮ʵðĸι̡
аԵͷ
Ҫڽʲô޷ֵѡƾƳǣҲԽ׻ʳڵȫսУҵطɹѹء٣գв
ش͸׵۳ɣ
еһϺȡ
һ̣׻ʳ׽׵۳
ܿؼˣѾʼֳɫһɳǵλãɢľɫˣԴԴϵĻ۶ڡ
ܿˣȻٴԱǣָŰɵĴС
צû빦֮С
̫ˣǴڽ۳ˡ
޽
ʲôʣӦó֮Ϊˡ׵ۣӦóΪ۾Ŷԡ
۾޽ɸ
Ҵ첻ϣų档
׵۳ڣ¶ȸԾ֮ɫϲãȫǷĵġ۳ؼһ۳ȥڴ׵޷档
μ۾۾פ
׾ڣ೯׷׿ڰݼ
۳Ϊ۳֮ɳƵ۾
λϣɱһĴҪߡ
׽۳
ͬʱе֮йâһת漴һ紫ݹȥȻ̣ͬʱ顣塣
׽۳Ϣ
ݳȥʱȻ֪ǿ߰о̾Ϣ𾪵
һ׵۳Ȼ˿죬ô˾˵ĵ̣ʮʱ䣬ôһҴŸոմﵽ۷壬ıʳӲҪ˵ǵ۳׵ۣУӦǰħսϣ͸ûһ㡣
һ۵̤ϣգ¶һ˿ɫ
ǧ࣬ǰΪһĳ佫۾ӰգĴһ·ҲĶܱ࣬ߵ嶼ǳصģ£ϣѹȵֶΣֽ治ϣʮʱ䣬ܷչ۷壬ѾǼΪס
û뵽׼ʳнսĴǰаͷһ⵽ѹֻ취Ѱᡣ
ɴô£ȻĿŵĽ۳ɹˣ徹Ȼûֱǲ
û
ò³һ
ĽʣԱġ
Ȼ˲ãܳһλ콾¡ɺޣҪ𵶱ҴҪʳòѹ󡣲ֻôһܸ˺󡣡
ҵϣȻա޾ս⡣
һǿҵĶ־
Ȼڴܹ۳ҲɣϾͬΪ壬γǵˣž޴Ӱ죬ؼһ˳һ۳ԲǿЦġ½֪˲֪˲
ǡ
һ̣֪ǿӿֳָͷ
ľƽ
ͱڴС
᪳С
֯ų¶һĨ䣬Ц˸£ȻôȽ۳һ죬׻ᱻƣռݣūգҴħħ֧֣̾Իô״һҴ֡
УܿһַԹĸ߰
ָ߰Ѿ衣
ڴȴĶ⡣
Ȼûе˭֪¹˭֡
Ŵ׻ʳµḶֱ́ӵı֣ˡ׻ʳ˲䱩ǡһӾͻƵһǧɡʣ̴ջ
һ֮ϲ

ͬʱ׵۳յɱڿʼˡֻצ췢һ߿
ա
漴צͳг˹ȥһ޴ȻȻûУһ޵׶ȻȻɽȥ
ţͷƬ̺
һʱͷֱĳڡУȻȻϴˢеѪһϴӣڵһȫ忪顣ϵ£һϴ漴ַС
еϢ۳
ţǴ׵۳֮
Դͬʱеķڰ֮УȻţͬͷеצٴγ֣ڡԵ۳ϴˢ񡣷Ͻ糱Ƭգױǡ
ø졣ɢϣԽӵİԵ嫡

צͻȻſҧסƿնȥд󣬰
֮ȻԿһɫĹһذ㣬Ʈ¡
ƳǣܱߵһɳǣצĴ󣬳ģ콵ء
콵أǵ۳ա죬˸УͻƾƽʱҪװٱĻᣬԲܴɹļԶƽʱ
оʳʱľȻ֪θشһױȵĻԵڸǰ׷顣
̫ˣǵ۾ʴȣ˵һ£ĵĿˣĵǹˣһ˳ôģֻе۾һδθ͡۾ʴȰ
аշ̾
ϾͺԥʼϣܹͻƣΪ
øǿ
ҹħҴ׽۳ʳѹס㣬գ۳֮Ƿֵܵ
һ̣ȴûǱߵҹħһ䣬һϺȡ
ۼ䣬ܿٴγ֡
ͨӡ
ʩչӡʱһͨ״ﵽһֲ˼ľأܿնӴĵ۳ˣ˲ء
ܿڲаҹ֮šȻ䱻޷ڴ缳ȡ
Ȼıӡа޷ӦôѵͲҹһı
ҹħ䣬¶ŭ֮ɫ
۵ҹ֮ţͣɴ״̬ƺٴͨ
ĺãҪ
ҹһҲðǺôĵӡ
ܱ嶼Ǵ̾аһҹаħɲǿЦġûѹ˭޷ġ
ΪܹѹֻҪɱңӡܴơܷӡסһʱⲻסһӡ
ҹħֽС


1451 ħ
ķӡֻҪȥ¾ܳƿƷӡٴγȡؼ޾Ϊϣҹ֮šҹ֮Уҹħǲ
Ϊ²ԸѹƿһΣ۾ͷӡһΡֻҪҴ׻ڣƿӡаȻȻ³һ
׳գ׵ʴȰ
ֻҪѹסҹǴ׻ʳǹ˭ҪʱŪʲô۶ӣһҪȺ֮
Ǵ̾
Ϊ˳ѹҹǿŴ׽۳ĸԸ
⣡
ͬʱֻѪǽŴ׽۳ΰ⳹ɡܱ򣬳ױܿѪ䲻ܱߵĿռ俴ûʲôֻǸֳһ㵭Ѫռ䳹״ң޾Ŀռ
һʵģֻ»ᱻ˲ʳƬҶʣ¡
ͬʱڴ׵۳ڵѪ濴Ѿ￴ʣԿ壬ȫѾΪһƬ
ϵ£ֻҪû޷׵۳ڵġ
Ȼһܳ롣
ڽ󣬻ǿԳеģֻǣ뾭ѪǵĹؿؿΪŹءֻҪŹأǿԳģֻǣ޷ģĽңһ£״򿪡
ԺֻгŹأասڵĴֽܹȥġվɡֻҪǱĬͼ֮ѡ
пѪѾɽ⣬аһɽ⣬۳ѪǵѾ˭Դˡ
Щ黹Ҫȫġ
־ͽǵѷ·ӡ
Ƴǡ
һ̣̫ƽ
飡
һ𣬸ţʰ쵵̻ڿţȾǧ죬жһŨϲ졣
ϲ°
׽۳͸ոգ֪ΪǳΪõͻƽңܶոճĺͯʶõɱ䣬øǿͨʶšڤڤиоһ̥֮ڡЩ̥һʣʾԳһȡ
ң۳֮Ϊ۳գԺ󣬵ãϾͻʸߣ˵ֱײĻǾǻáеõ
ʱƣֱ仯ԽԽԡ
˵ĺôȻȻĻۣǱĬĺô
׵۳׵۳գֻҪһԱȣǾϹӣܿеĲͬ
ƳǵͬʱϢһӰ¡
´飬ֱңָоܲ
ӰдһζĻ
飬һ٣ܽ嵱ɵӣŪһΣѾ㹻ˡҡҡͷ˵
ı򲻵ѣΪߡӦıȻҪǱƲѣ׻ʳҪĻᣬ治ôϾҹ·߶ˣܻġ
һȣȣ彻ʱ̡
һȣǾͲһ꣬ȫʮϰ㡣
ôʱ䣬ôܵˡûлᣬǾֻܴᡣֻҪڵĺãһж⡣׻ʳѾ˭治ˡ˵״ӴժǹȲչ׳顣
Դ˽뵽һƽȵķչʱڡ
ȵ⿪ʱؽΪ֮ݡ
󣬾д󳯻ᡣ
зػʹӦÿԳ֮Ϊ۹һ漴ݳȥ
ʱ䣬Ǹ׵۳гһȹΪúһεջ
Ҫ֪ӻʳ۳гȡ˲䱩ǡԵɱ䣬˹壬õ̶ͬȵʮ־ˡջȻҪһʱϸ׻Ϊ̡ս
۳λ仯޴
˳֮۾һʮı
{ۺ}һ˱
{}ʮı
һƷʮٶȡ
Ʒʮı
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮ˱
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮı
Ʒʮ
Ʒ˱
ȡѾﵽһʮıҲ˵һ죬Եֵһʮ졣Ҫ֪ڻʳ֮ʱȡҲʮȫǷһָı䣬ν޴˵ȥˡ
ǵ۳ĸı䡣
͵ľƷ٣ڵ۳Уܰ˱ٶӰ˱ֻҪʱ䣬׻ʳڣ벻һǿ߶ѡңԽǸλԽɱǿߡ
С
һԺڡ
һɫװɢʥϢ䣬Щ
Ϊླ
ʦ𣡣
ػӰſڷһ
ʦ
ͻˣླȹ̣ǽޣԽ׶ս¡淥Ԫ񾳡ΪҪĥһζ죬ҪģһУٶ졣
׵ͷ˵
ླʮʱߵһԿ˵׿ٶȾˡͬһŵģΪֹߵҲͼ
ŵĸǽУͬߵĽ֮·ԶʿҪѡÿһôףԽ棬ӵеսԽӵǿᡣ
ⶼҸĹͣҪǸոҸĴ׻ʳΪ۳˹壬ҪͻƣҲôס
³һЦ˵
ովǽ˹ͻƵġ
ʦҸˡ
ϸֳһ˿꣬˵
ʮˣÿɴûзֿôá
ӡδƿȻЩӿ뿪ţһ뿪Σգ˭޷ʩȣǵʱ̣һȥͻմȾɱ١ʱʱɱ֮еĿܡأλبŴ½׵۳̫ԶǴĸн赽ؾҪȻ޷ִԣ㻹ȵȵȡ
ҡҡͷ˵
بŴ½ܽѳڵģǶĴ񣬿˵Ϊעĵط˭ܴӡһֽɡ
嫺بŴ½ǺεȵңԶֱ֪پ롣
ĸǺεȴڣǿߣܡؾһΪǿ󡣿ϧҪĸн赽һ顣
ѣ൱ѡ
ҲûģϢħսҪٴοˣʱħսм硣
˵
ʲôħսҪٴοˣ
һȸԾ
ħսܹͨ磬ҹġֻҪȥӵлԵȻԼ档
ʾÿδ٣ħսȻῪÿδ٣ѣͬҲһҹײٴοսĹģɲֻ̫һʵᳬһ޶ȡһӣÿǰ
׵ͷ


1452 󳯻
ʦħսʲôʱ
ٴѯʵ
ʲôʱ˭㣬ӦйأһȻħսʱ̡֮׼Сʱ䲻̡
˵
ͽŬġ
׵ͷ
ħսʲôܶᷢһлҪʵʵǱ֤һеĸҪȻսϣҲټ򵥲
а¶ģ磬һʧģţһħսٴġ
Ȼʮȥ֮飬ûеȥͬϾһԽʱ䳤ԽǸӵŨЩԴԴϵ˼ӳ֣ᵽ⡣
İɣ֮УȻһϯ֮أӡƿҲһܹ۳ǾһĪԵ۳ɲȻʳһ۳ʥλ֮ߣѷɫ
һ˵
˵еĵλǿվˮǴߣ߲֮У˭֪Ǵ׻ʳĳݵλ˵ĻżصķеһӣΪףƽʱΧߵῡţ֪ж١
ⶼʵġ
۳κŶӵĴڡ

˵еһ̸ȴ˵׵۳ɽط֮󣬽죬а϶ŨŨϲϢͻƽ鲻Ϸ
ͬʱʼҰ֮ǰһϴô󲿷ֵ岿ش̽Ұʱ
ǽһЩಿĴûᡣ
ЩҲ˵ʱһΣȥ
һ峿
һ𣬴Ƴǡ
аշ׷̧ۿյ۹
һ׷̤ݣ۹
ڼ褣ҵƳ壬Ϸ־ţͫ|ȵȣһسԳڳϣ໥棬ҲЦݣ¶΢Ц໥̸һƬŨŨϲɫܿϵϢƺǰҪӵǿ
仹һѹδȫ
Ϊֻ֣ҪһʱĳȻԻָɽˮ
Ϊ׽۳Դ׳˵ǿǷյһꡣһ˭ϲüҡ
ʹ׵ļλسƳ壬ڼˣһͻƵླȫǵõ˳ԴԴԴϣҪȻô졣
Ҫ˶ãڴ׳֮ϣؽһɫķླǿߡ
ԪҲδزܡ
׳У˭һ˽ܡӵиֻԵ£õĺ쳾ֻԵʬɽѪɱѷɫ
μ۾۾ɸ룡
μۺ󣬵ۺפ룡
Ⱥ̤С
漴֣߻вܿѾʼ͹Գ̬ڳֺһΰڴ
ִ󳯻ʱֻ̣вΪۺ̤Сûʸǹأȡǲܹϳһԣֻڶ˵ǿڣҲֻ˵һЩ޹ؽҪ顣һ£ǲײֵġ
ǹأҲҪš
λƽ
׵ͷ
Уν˲żüã˲ţǰ
һΣǴ׽Ϊ۳һγᣬҲһδ󳯻ᡣĴ󳯻ᣬسҪԣ۵ĳȫʱ̡ƶ۳ĸ߷롣Ҫԣ֪
λбԿɲࡣ
ڴ
۾ʾ¡
Ⱥ˵
ǽ۳һγᣬȻҪпڡ

׵ͷҴ׽۳ǻԵ£Ҳλзûڴ֮ʣ뷷⣬ԲܹǨְλְܡй͡ΪҴ׸ӷٲʢ
ּ
󣬳Ųʾ
仰һжʱ¶ע֮ɫ
Ҫ֪廹ԾƷƾƷΪŲϽһʵƣѾ֮ǰ˲Сı仯
ӵеĸְܲţȻɻΪһţһ࣬һ¥һ󣬰˵
һΪšƹ²죬øﷸ鰸׷ӷάΰְ
һΪࡣˮ仯
һ¥Ϊ¥Դд󹦼ߣԿ¥׻ʳվ
һΪ߸ıʿʿΪ׳ıߣսķ˳ᢡ
Ϊ칤ͨ
ƹܴ׻ʳо£׽ʿнȵˡ
칤ƹܴ׾ڸֹգ췢о
ͨ󣺴׹ס֮ءΪƷס
˵Ϊ켮ʳ򱦵µҽµ˵ֵ
켮ƹܴ׻˿ڶ켮Ǽǣ켮
ʳƹܴ׸ֶʦʳעʳ
򱦵ƹܴóף⣬ٷز
µƹܴ׹ԱԴйߣµ
ҽƹܴҽ˲ţ˲š
µƹܴ׸Աѫ¼й͡
˵ƹͽˣͽ˵
ֵΪ̽£齨Ҫܱ̽鱨ܱ
񲿡Բ̲
ƹ¹⡢Ρ
ƹܲ˵˵Ǯӡ
񲿣ƹܵǿΡ֮ãȫѧУ񼰿ƾٿԼ֮¡
Բƹܼٹ٣֮£ԣΪࡣΪĿͬʹ
̲ƹܵǷְ˵ȵȡ
ƹӪ칤
֮Уȡ˱ְܹ󣬾룬ԲͬǰʹҪ֪ǰʹְֻλȴûһΪרǱ׹ٷޱӣۡ
ע⡣
ңÿһɳУǲһԲʹɳǣʹĴڣʵҲɳǳҪΥҼͣաʹὫһһУ¼ڲᣬЩΪÿ꿼˵ĻȻԲ֮ǰûʵʩֻǣƳǽ̸ʱ˵䡣Ҳõ˵Ŀ϶Ͽɡ
Ͼڴ׵۳ķչ׳
Щڴ׵۳ٷš
п˵Ҫְλ¹ش˵棬Ȼһ¶֮ɫȻ˭ûпڶ˵ϣӹ£Ǵ׵۳ԿʱѾµĹء
أ˭ơ
۾گµɴ͵سɳ֮Ϊϣʿӵϳ֮ȨһƷҵλ
Ƴ˳ְ֮µλһƷ۳
һگӲ
µְλҲ˵µû˭˭С⡣²ż汸ߣԴйߣС


1453 
л۾뷷⣡
Ƴ¶Ц⣬ʮ⡣
Դ׻ʳ΢ĩһ͸ţ˵֤Ŵ׻ʳÿһɳӴկߵ۳ĿͿ๦ߣݵλǴ׵۳Уûмġ
뷷⣬ʵҲͨģԼҪóְλοµܺáҵλһµԴ֮󣬾Ǹϣݵλ֮ǡչֳȡ
Ϳ๦ͣԺĴףҪտ
׵ͷ˵
³ʦµҵλһƷȥ칤֮λ
˵
³ʦЩַ죬Դ׻ʳžصã׵ķչٲĹͣһ֮λԲࡣ
׻ʳʵְܼΡȻµɿԳ칤󣬶ûκӰ졣
л۾뷷⣡
³ʦϸ⡣칤λãʵһʼû㵣ΣֻʵҲʵѡһֱڡԴ֮һƷҵλڵо죬ȫζЦѵⲻ
µҵλһƷȥְ̲֮
΢
ЦŴӦ
ķֱӳΪԴףνµʵ顣ݵλõ϶
뷷Ϊ飬λһƷ
΢л۾
һţȳȺǰһӦûƴǣ֮УҪЩٵѣϣӹ£չֳ
뷷Ϸ־Ϊ飬λһƷٴ
΢죬л۾񰮣
Ϸ־˳ʱ䣬Ѿڴ׳ˣҪΪȻĮӴ׵ȻڲܲߣȨ̨ȴ֪϶ٱӣЧ֮ġγΪ飬׼úøһ
ëΪ飬λһƷ
л۾
ëҲŰлְλûб䶯ִ񲿣顣ЩĳɼҲĿá
׵۳ľǵʲá
뷷Ϊ̲飬λһƷ
΢л۾
ֻɫЩڣͷӡǵİһİлͬûƴǡ㦽µλãΪڳġ
뷷Ϊ顣λһƷ
΢л۾뷷⡣
һݵĹҪǴ׵Ӫ칤֮ģͬҪһλ˲ʤΡؿǵڶοƾٵ״ԪһܣڹԣʤΡ
뷷ΪԲ顣λһƷ
΢л۾
ӦаԼִһΪѾ⣬ʷǧš
ԴˣѾй
뷷ΪλһƷ
΢л۾
ҡҡȣǰл
ҪԣȻױȣҪһλȫִƣ״ԪǾ£λǰéͳӳһȣִƾ󣬿ν׻ʳĲѡ
ڼûпǹֻǣڼıһơΪʵѡҵҲֻǹҴȨѡľԽԽѾܵءԴˣҵҲǺ
ҵԶȥְλȫͶȸ֮С
뷷⣬ڼΪ߸λһƷ
΢л۾
ڼҲЦŰл
߸λã⡣֮ǰѯʹھ߸ѡѡ߸
뷷ΪλһƷ
΢л۾
Ƿݲ²ӣлĴ£ǾòԵĸı䡣׻ʳ˿ڶ࣬˵ûһЩͻž𵽾޴á
뷷⣬ΪλһƷ
뷷Ϊ켮λһƷ
뷷ΪʳλһƷ
뷷ѦΪ򱦵λһƷ
뷷δΪҽλһƷ
뷷ͯΪֵλһƷ

һ뷷ٴȥһ뷷⣬ȻȻ˼Щְλ䣬Щְλ䶯仯ЩϻЩ覴ãûʵѡҲֻʱá񣬴֮У˲űҪ༸꣬ȻӿֳĽܳ˲š
֪У뷷Ѿɡ
Ⱥ϶һڡ
λֹȻϲ¡
ˣ뷷Ѿɣ׽۳ĵһ£ԲˡҪλһ飬Ҵ׸úȥδӡ
׵ͷӴ˵
Ҫ顣
ѾطԲطԼչǻֱ׷ӭͷϡȿԣȴԲܰݡ
۾ΪҴףϢΪطڽĴ׽򳹵ͳϽ㲻ȫռݻҰҲҪҴ׵Ӱ׸Ǵ󲿷ֻҰͰһ顣Ǵһ·۳ȱ³ãһʱĺͯҲҪʱɳǶԣϢĺô
Ƴ忪˵
ϢԴ׶ԣʵ̫Ҫˡ
ȶȫĻֻҪ׶ӭһγ׵ȳ֪ٶԻɼҵʣáԡ
ش󣬴
ֻҪʱ䣬׵˿ڣӭһδ󱬷ൽ˾ĵز
۾켮ͳƣ˿ڣѾڣռķ֮һ׵ǼǻԤƣ꣬пʮҡ
ǰһ˵
дһ˿˷ܡ
ֱܰ֡ÿͳƣ鶯
һ˵Ҳ¶˷֮ɫ
˿ʲô˿ھһа
ͳƣ󣬶̶̼ʱ䣬ô׵˿ֱӷһһ㶼ǿЦ
ܺãϢǿ϶ġطϢ֮Ҵܲ־Ͳ֣۾꣬һ֮ڣȶ׻Ұ֮ڣչ׳֮ڣžнʿɻӡΪҴѪýʿսɱʱ޺±ץ
п˵
׵ĽʿΪ׸֪٣ȻҪǽ֮ǣھӪУÿѵлϢʱ䣬øǽ¡ôҲҪºͷȴ¡
΢ʿл۾ʵ¡
һɫİл
ʣһȥ׽ʿеҳϣԸӵĵزΪ֮Ч
λ䣬֪䡣
лӴ³һ䡣
䣿
ȺҲ΢΢һ㶣ƺֶӡȻǵ;˵ɾԲʲôӡ


1454 Ź
䣬˾֮أңž˽ȥʱ̫ɻˣǾԲʺסĵطǰ˭û䣬Щ̫Զˣģ˾ǰֻضѡ
ȥ඼ֱǰֻأûһԣҲΣ䣬ڹŹڵλõȴĵ˳ƽ䣬һʹµ֣ܼɣʿǿߣһҲ֡
ɱҪ¡
һ˵Ҳȥִڡ
л䣬ȥֻءûֹ
ȻҲȥңое
Ȼ磬ʲôǷܵظתֻأЩδ֪֪۾ͻȻ˵䣬ΪΡ
ǰѯʵ
ӡǿɲ򵥣֪ܿһЩ飬ɲʺϻ档ң磬ڿûа취ͨǹŹأӲ˭ܴȥģܽ룬ֹ
ʲô
̸䣬ǸоЩӦ
ǰʱ䣬۲μӹУЩ飬ţҪͨһܹͨͨС
Ц˵
ʲôͨͨ
佨óףС
ϢҲɵĵȻɲʲôС£ܹ۳˵ĹؼתۡȻ˽⣬ǣĺܶණûеģϡΪı䣬Ǿϡ䱦ֵ˲䱩ǰٱǧ
ټһЩزһܹóףڴ׵۳ԣǼֱ޷棬׻ʳ
ĺô
ֻѶ̫󣬹ŹͨııԲܸǽ
Ҫó׵⣬ͬͨ⡣
⣬һжǿ̸
Ҽǵãˮ֮УһΪŹءֻҪڳŹشʮּѣҪĲڶ࣬ҪĸĵرҪҪȻ޷֧ŴתңһŹطˮóܱ򣬶᳹׻Ϊʺ鷱档ŨĹʴһС
ǰһ˵
ŹطˮķˮУҲڽɼһ󷨡һãջݱǧĽأ󷨣û˭᲼áɵƻ̫ˣǽԵġ
ŹطˮǷܹĴͨͨ硣
Ŀ¶⣬ѯʵҪԼ׼˵һ£ƺ취ȻҪһ˵ջ
ȷҪʱ˵ŹشѡĹսвãữΪǱȻܲͨ䣬δ֪ͨǽɣɱȽ֮ŻҪѡпܣĴۣһ֮أҪΪ򡣡
ҡҡͷ˵
Ĵʵ̫ˡڵĴ׶ԣȫֵá
Ҫĸ䱦Ͳܹȡġ
һԹͨıǷԽŹش󣬴ͨ
΢˵
ţܹᴩ챦ҪﵽֵزôҲҪﵽؽ챦Ҳ鱦ĲΡֻǣҪؽ챦ҪȵٴνпܡҪһʱ
ںѾﵽԲʮһľ˴ССǧ缫ʮǧѾԶ룬ÿʱÿ̶С
εڣŴ׻ʳ˿ԽԽ࣬ÿκξ֮ȡ֮⼸ʱЧˣȻȴÿնܿõġ˿࣬ٶȸ죬ȸԤҪ˶೤ʱ䣬Ϳɽ
ͨİսңԽŹصӰС
ϵ˵дһ˿ƶ
ʵ֮ǰһ仰û˵ǾǹŹطˮؼĺģһҪûУͻС룬ͨĿԴҪУǾͼʴңùŹصӰССһΧ֮ڡ
СĻΧж󡣡
ѯʵ
һɳԡ
΢˵
һɳǣⷶΧҲСܽӰСΧѾ˼ˡ
Ȼˣ۾ԽһɳǣɳΪ¹ŹشڳУǾɳǣҲ̫ˣڳ½ƣֹӣǴͨȫԽɳΪ佻֮ءһڴ׵ĹС
ǰһ˵
ܳɹԴ˵ȫһƬȫµܻȡԴӴ޷
䲻ʺ˾סĵرʺʿʹáһ㣬ζ״ûлҲˣлᣬܷ֡
һóףһɳȫбҪڡңҪǲһǿء
ȡԴ׳Ҵ׵۳ܳɹҴ׽׳󣬵ǿߵļʣ᲻ӡ
ȺҲĿǳ֮ˡ
佻ȻǴŸָķգھ޴ǰЩվǲֵһᣬɲһһ֮Ľͨޣһһ֮Ľף棬ô˶ܺס
䣬ŹطˮҪҪĵرһʼҪ೤ʱɡ
׵ͷֱ࣬ѯʵ
ϺУĲϣʯʯ˵䲢ѵãȴʮϡ٣ֻйڤ񣬻Ȫˮϴɳȵȣǲȫ÷ˮ󣬾Ҫķҵʱ䣬˳ĻҲδܳɡ
໺˵
ַˮҲûвùڷˮʦ裬żߵҪ費ǻܷɵġ
ȻˣǾΪޣѡַȷ󣬿ʼҪĲϣȡժ¥ȡЩϣҴײȱ
漴͵ͷӦ´
Էˮͨٺòǽ鱦Ҳ޷ĳʱͨˮһɣͿԽ֮ԴԴϵתάȥγȹ̵ͨѡȻǺ׾ȷ
ǣ۾
һĨɫû뵽ЩѵõıģлУԲ٣ǺɵĴӦ
ķˮκηˮʦûа취ܵջ
󣬾һЩ򵥵顣
ٽǰ˵۾Ҵ΢ĩߵڣѾʮʱ䣬ݵ궨µĹأ׺ܶɳеĳҪʼֻ»۾Զᡣ


1455 ΢˽
ܱ߸կ֮˳ף£ΪȶģЩͶϵ֮ŵԼɳУְʮꡣʮУûشʧ󣬲滻ǵְλһ㣬˵һĪĶݡ
ÿһƷҵλ
Ѿλ񡣴ӶƷһƷɳ֮ҵλʼնƷûб䶯
˳ҵλǲЪҵλˡ
ɳڶ࣬Ժ󻹻࣬Ҫҵλλ񣬶Դ׵۳ѹ̫ǲͻᱻϿ壬£ȻǲΪģƷǡλ
ڽ۳Ʒҵλʮ֪Ľʡڴ׸߲㡣
ƷҵλЩһĪĻԵΪٶȣԶˣǰԼƹһկһʱ֪Ҫ϶ٱʮѾˡζԴЩԭȽկڵɳ֮һ⡣
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ˣѼЩԺ˵ѵֻһ𣬲磬ǰ䣬Ҳһ΢˽Ρ顣
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Ľţʱǰļдһֵ


1456 ۱
Ҷһƣһ˴Ҷʱ䡣ȴܿϡ棬õȤ
һĺƬ˹ĳ˵˷У׽
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кͲ໥һۣ¶һ˿Ȥζ֮ɫȻ󣬳Ⱥȥ
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ȻԿһɫ۵ӣһȻȾǱڶΧţû¶˿ľʧ롣չֳĴݡ
ܿԲ
ǰ˿̺Ȼһ裬һŽɫ裬ƺЩͬһ㡣
λ׸ϣС򣬲޳һŵ֮Ϊ۱裬ֻҪֻ۱ڣʩչͨбһģıˡ޳ɴС̫񰮣δЩԵش˽˸Եҡ
깰ܰ˵
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ڵİտɲǰһͿǣ֮·Ϊʿ֪Ķ࣬˽Ķ࣬ͨĺܡҪǰţڣһֻһƭҪƭǮ
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һ䣬Զ˼۱óȫһΪıȡִ̬˽ܵİΪ֮塣
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1457 
üǼȥ֪
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жǰѾŨȤҲһĲ²⣬кܴļʾǸˡȻǲǣҪȷϡ
ԿĿþ۱ܵİշ׷óԼƷ۱Уóʱȫõһǻ棬ʱܱ߱ޱ۱еıֱԴԴϣ಻һʱ䣬֪жٱﱻװ
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ĿǿűӦòģֻȴҲáԽǼȡԽӵʵ

ţͿҡǮϣһϸȥһҡǮϣȻƾճһнӲӵңеҩзб鱦ʯܿзɽתۼ䣬͹ҡǮ
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1458 ⾭
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1459 
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ֵܣϣѵõ˲ţϾҪеοƾ٣Ϊȫǰȥһԣμһοƾ١˵ܹӱ̤׳á֮Уһϯ֮ء
м˵
ǰȡţֳһ֮Կǰμӣƾʮ֮УҲҵһƣֻҪ£ӱȡӦְλ
ҲЦ˵
ĳǶĲ֮ġҪ볯֮ڡ
ʲôҪеοƾ٣һ֮ǰôû˵
ϲ¶֮ɫƾٵϢΪֹûдת֮¶˷ܣˣ׽۳ͬĴϲ£ϲ쵱У۾ҪǿƣȫпܵġĿƾ٣Ǿ̫ˡ
ӿֳͷ
⣬ȫΪһȤã׳ȣЩȫǲֵһС飬˲ͱһߣ˼ţԼҪǲμӿƾ٣ܷӱĽ볯áչֵĻǿڴʷŨīزʵһʡ
ͷһ֣ĵѿȫɺ
ҵһϣʲѷɫκˡ
ƾ֮ӦúܿʹϢԸĻȫȥһԡٴȰһ䡣
һݷʳȿٱЩʳ⿵Ĺȷʵҿʱܿһʳ֮ҫ˱ǣ˿ˮθڴ
ǷѼס
㣬뵽֭У֭ʶ壬ζĸζбըǻζڵʳϸ˷ܡȻȻԪڲӡ
һٷȥ
ҲûͲڳۿеĸ־ƽʱܲķ顣һ죬ŷعСϣһͬߣŨŨζǲΪ˵Ҳ

󣬵οƾٵϢѾڴ׵۳г״
ȴٴν뾲֮С
һ䣬ֻѾǰͨɢϹ⣬˸ǽ񣬲ԪɢɭϿɲ˸о·ʱᱻѹ飬Ҷʣ¡
еСǧ磬ѾﵽԲʮһĵزﵽʮ򡣾յСǧ缫ޣѾԶУѾ㣬ڽڣԲں챦Ľ
ţ۴·ᴩ硣
һһϺȡ
ʱͿһڰɫŴӱֱڳֺһ˾ǰһֱУһΰȻȻĴбȥУһɹرԴ֮ԴԴϵĹעţӳϡųƿգĳصĽȥ
ȻȻĿᴩȥ
ţᴩ̣ȴҪûĵ̣ͨᴩĽޡײεţ£ҪᴩȻʮã˿̣ںļӳ£رԴ֮עȥ
Ѿλá
վһš
һսڣһ̤䣬̤ţһ˳˹ȥߣȻȻĴӾʧǴʧ
̤ϣ߽ģһƬȫİա
ܿܵޱȻҵĿռ⣬һƬڣڰУ·Ųꡣһִҵ֮
棬ضµĿռƬ
˵֮䣬һƬĹռ䣬Ϊ棬ֲܿڿռƬŲ꣬һ棬ͻĴֲǳ׳١ó䣬һ˵һˣҪһ···Źؿɻ·ſɼᴩšվҪдɹȥ
Ժһͷ
Ϊʲôûа취ͬΪƬҪȻͨȻҡͺһ̫
һһ䣬䡣
Źᴩߡ
ܵУͻȻ䣬һѩ׵ӰϸȥǺȻһŮһѩ׹װ޳˫ȣһģ¶֮ɫ
ϵУӣȾңҺ䣬ñֻҪҵţСŮԸţӵĴ¡
Ӵȱкðɡ
ǿģᡣ˲УֱӳꡣԾҪϡ
вûͣ½Ųǰһ˿ɶûС˿ûΪ䶯ҡ
ӣѵҲ𡣡
Ůϵȹ֪ʱ˫һ㻬䣬ڻͬʱεӵ޷ܣǼֱһûһ˿覴õ壬˸ĶκƻܾκҪ
ƣ·ϣĪͷͷдֲĪӦӦʧꡣ
ͣ½ŲŮĿϸ¶һĨ֮ɫ壬ȷʵ޿ޣ
ҽ쵹Ҫʲô
м˵
ʲôŮ˵ҵȻֻһˡ
˵ţһεϯƺҪУױסԾܵӰ졣
ҪӰҵǣƾ㣬˵㡣
к⣬һʱ䣬Ѿɢһ⣬ػסܵκӰ졣
ҿʲô
йâһһڵĵͺȻ֣͡漴һӣ㹳˦˳ȥֱĳŮƿնȥ
㲻Ҫôͽ
м˵
ʲôˡ
ŮĿãͻȻ¶ŭ֮ɫȻϳ͵һΣ·ҪܣС
Ȼһ֣ȻȻĽϢԷ˵ٶȳǰһڡ

һĲҽУŮ׼Ť


1460 ǧ
ҽУֻŮһ¾ͷ仯תۼ䣬ʧȡ֮ģһڵľһۿȥǧɳͨ鲼ϸܵĺɫƬ˿̲סһ˿־壬˿̣Ȼ͹
ûŮջ󱾵ۣһͷȻôҪţǾ͸
пŮɾɫҲЩÿŮģ۰ôôªȫĿɫһסͣҪ
Ȼһչһֹˡ
ƺݳ޷ʱ·϶һɽ߶˲Ҫֱӱϡ
ڣͿɲͨͣ챦ףǶⷨеķ֮ӳ֣Զ鱦һ˦кƥΰڴ˿̣ȴһɾƺҪһ档
оȻ˾޴Ȼ졣
аȻҪֱ֪֮ϣһУ궼ᴦһֽʹľУ˵ǷʹʴѾ൱ףﻹܷ׾ͻᱻڣȴȫ෴˲ɵɻ
Ǿһޱʹı顣
ۻͲ޷𡣡
Ҳһ˿ʤģһ䣬һ֮ӳϣͶڷ⣬ɢϵϡһ£˵ǧɾɣʮɶҪš
ڵиܵģԺɽһ㶼
𣡣
зһ˻ţͿһɿµ£飬ֱķѣǰҷ𣬳ʧ
Ȼˣֱһ𡣡
Ŀ£΢΢üû뵽ı仯
Ȼ죬ﻹźܶ಻Ϊ֪ܡΪʲô͵
ոձҲҪ龳ҪƫƫͷôķˡȫΪʲô
ԣж
ҪǰʱͻȻ֣ھλãȻ˶ϸУǺȻһֻڵϻӣ붼룬ٴ˦ϻһ¾סų
һΣʮɣûܵκ谭ܼ򵥾ͽֻϻȡͣϻСܸоϻӷǽ񣬿ûһ˿ĸ֮Ȼγɡ
У漴ͽϻӴ򿪡
ڴʱȻԿ澹ȻоŵξѪһֺɫ⡣ƺܿϵķ˸ϱýܿѪҺУֳͼҲܿʱıóģңŮģָܿףŮ٣ǧ򻯣ʮֹ졣
ȻǧѪöû뵽ĺöľϲ
пԺеһʱ両ֳЩѪѶϢ
ǧѪǧѪ̺츳ͨͿԱ仯ֲͬòҪӵʲôòͬʱӦ꣬ڻǵ󼫸ߡ磬ֻһߵ꣬Ѫ츳ܻû֮ͬòԣǧֱ֮Ϊɻ
ʿѪаٷ֮һĻȡǧѪûпѪ򽫿һϣһǧصϡûκθáϡ
Ҫ֪ǧѪɲֻһѪͨǧϣɻϣϵȵȡչǧͨ
öŵξѪ޼֮
׵ͷⶫǱֱӿϵıǼֵ޷Ĺ屦ͺǵʳϸһȻ⾫Ѫ϶޷ʳϸɼֵΪ֮ƴı
Ѫ漴ͳǰȥ
ÿһ̤ܿܵУ·ֹܿӰ
пһźɫǶСкǰһšҲгŰֱֻ۵ŮŸǻйĺɫսսϣ·ܿһͷȻҲĹײһ߳źëʬ塣
һ˳ǷĹֽʮˣУȫһʹĥСһˣ±˵ߣԼͻᱻŷ
ɼײС
Ҳûм֣ܵˮոյĻ棬ԺУҪЩײȥ˵ɿµĺ
Ҫǰ䣬֦ܲȻǲҪ֦
һ·£һε£ÿһ̤·ġ֪УѾŵһˡǰ棬·ĳλõĽ
ȴûгɣȻȻ̤˽ȥ
̤ȥͬʱһŨľȻȻ˱Ƕ롣ڡͨʿǾ綾ֻȴ߲ܣһڣȻȻͱҲ
ֻص䣬ǡǣ
гһĽУϸȥȻǵĳǡ뿪ǰѾӡ꣬ͨŵִλãͬǳǵλá
ϸȥ뵱ȣѾ
ǱøáǣΪһƬ档
ǵģųǳױݻ٣ǲƵķƬܿĳɷʱ䣬Բ̣Ҳмʱ䡣
ǾȻݻˣϤϢǹĸ
ڷУиܵһ˿ϤϢϢӡǼΪ̣ڹĸϢкܴܣǱĸִݻٵġʵҪһǣǲټ򵥲顣
ϣǹĸעѾ뿪ҪȻٶϵĻǾͻм鷳
ιĿı壬ҪʲôΣգǾĻˣ䣬ȻգֻҪԸ⣬һ֮䣬Ϳ·š䣬ҪûְȫϵıϣҲԽ䡣ĸҲֻһЩ鷳ѡ
ҲľһƬߡ
ڣλãһƬյء
ڿյϣȻһϵĹŹء
ŹңһءѾΪһ֮ء
ܿһϴӹŹнʱЯһꡣЩָ꣬ѡֱ䳤нֻءʲôпܷ
Ҳ֪׵ǲĻšⶼôʱȥˣеҸˣ治֪ٴμ棬׵Ѱ
ڹŹУһʱֵ˳
ϸȥ˭
ܿϻǴһ˿üļƺΪʲô鷢
Եѣþòɺá
пҲûгɣӽ˳ڴк


1461 
׵ѣĻţ̫ˣû̫ˡ
תͷ˹ڿкϵ¶һ˿ԵЦ⣬˵æǰбĸɱĻ棬ΪֹĿ
ĸĸ̫Ե
ֱǴĿġһֱǻһ㡣ʱпɶѪˣȻߣ˭ܲ롣ûۿʼ޷ٴμŵģͰ
֮ǰ˵ĸҲ޷ɱҡ
ЦЦԵѣô£֮ǰǺúõģôȴһƬ档
ǹĸ
¶һ˿ɬ֮ɫĸ׵һս֮ƺܷŭڱ·ӡǰֱӳֳųһƣһƾͽǳ״ݻ٣ʱڳеĴ񣬲˲أ˲٣ҪйŹڣֻ£һһܲ
뵽һ̵Ļ棬ɫҲ仯ǿɾԲʲôõĻ䡣
ĸСۡ
΢΢ҡͷ˵
ˣѾǹŹפ֮أɷҲ٣׿ڳУӣʲôӡЦ˵ˣȪջϰǶ׵ѵǵĺܣǰʱרƺֵôʱûйȥѾɷ棬ȥȪջһ͡
Уƺһ˿٩գգ۾һζı顣
ǺãǾȥȪջ
ЦЦ׵ͷ˵ڿջеʳҲżȤʳͬݴ£ЩʳȽϹ죬Ҳһо޴
ʱѾȪջ
ܿȪջ뵱뿪ʱûʲô߲ĿջɢϵϢŨܣεܵſջȥ
һ۾ܿһʺбء
ܱܿջܣɫĻȪɢ㣬Ѿ죬ңԿУдûոȪסһСĽ
Ȫ׿Ǻöȥʿż棬еĹ屦һѵõζͿװһ롣ǻȪջеһס
׵ѣпڸˡȪ׿ǻȪջزԻȪĻȪ׾ƿѵõƷУɻȪĻȪ׸⣬лȪӣѵõζÿγԵ˻ζ
۾ʱһȪոˣЩʳ϶ҲҪڿջгˡʱʳǾΪζɿڵġ
ȪףʵԸŴʮƣͬһ͵סȻʳҲŴ׵ԡζӹɵġ
߰ɣ˵ʳҿѾЩȲˡ
Ц˵
ʳôܣڵʳϸѾʼΪ֮ɢõĸо
Ȫջǰ
ȻԿһֻСӭ͵Ĺ
ǻȪջλ͹롣
С÷¸µĹֽͦߣоޱ־壬䣬
СһôͲʶô
ЦЦ
СʶǵһСá
ȥ֪ͨϰ¥롣
Сͫͫ˸кҲ¶˷֮ɫȻ˳漴Ϳ˵ڻȪջһ㶼ڹĸǰɸɱֻ棬ͻΪ˵ܱ֪ʿݡ
СҲ⡣
Ϊˣû뵽ٴοָо͸ӵ˷ܡ
˵ţܵȥˣȻҪȥ֪ͨϰ
Сһˣ׵ѣȥ¥ϣϰӦϾͻóУ˵һ顣΢΢¶һ˿ǳ֮ɫ˵
Ŷ
׵ͷ
漴¥ϣһᡣ
ֱº׵ѣǹˡõ飬Ҹˡ
ô£
һҲ¶֮ɫ
֮ǰֱΪЩԣŻֱڿȻ⡣
Ѱĳ÷䣬ңֻصڣҪֱѣʱﷵһж˳ֻصҲȷʵɾѾֱָӻûκ⡣
ˣһжûŶԣڻ֮ȴ⵽ǿ׷ɱʱһƬңң࣬ת֮䣬ҺͱɢˡôҲˣҷ䣬·ʱ֣ҲҲˡЩǿҲʧЩһֱѰңȴʼûҵϢ
ĳʵиа
¶ŨŨĲ˵ʵڣʱҲŭգǰȴ˸գһǻŭȫӿؿڣͻ
Щ꣬ûзҵѰңѶæ̽顣
ʼնѶ
Ȼıʡ
о꣬ҲɰԿЦ˻ǶֶѡûаȹУӿֳǿҵϧпܣϣһֱߡúõĸһͨ˵Ŀ֡Ӧܵġ
ܸܵӦûûΣա
ϣɼǹ˼ӳ֣ҲʼմڣҲζţﻹţôЩȴδֻ֪˵ֻԼȥԡ
Ѿƴıڤ칦ֻҪһ·ȥᷢɱ䣬һɱ壬ʥ壬УһпѣǽĲƸһֱġȴٴμĻᡣ
Ժһͷ
ǲżżҲûá
ܱߵûа취ҵټһ˿ϢûУεĽҲʲôõķ
࣬Ŵ׹ˣΣաֻһЩѡ绹ǻתΣΪΪġ
ʱһöĻ˽ϸȥǿջϰ߻˭
һȵ߽ᣬֱжϸһ£漴Ц֮ǰͶʹȻûа׷ѣ⣬мֵһΡ׵۳֮ӦóƺΪ׵ˡ
׽۳Ϣ̣ɲֻ䣬ͬõϢңʱߵͬ𺳣ʱ̽۳˾̾ľٶʵ̫˲ˡ
̺壬޷
߸⡣
֮ͨĽһʳδ㹻۳ڶԣȫ㹻ܹٴγ䣬̺⣬ȻԶ׼ġ
Ѿдܹ໥ͨؼġ


1462 ͼ
ŹǾԲģĽɣԵ֮ǰ۹ˣȡˣʲô³һĽɡ
ҪᴩԲʲô򵥵顣
ΪֻţҪﵽͨĲΣҲҪٹϼ꣬Ǹʱ䡣챦ĽеôסһΣȴһ־޴ľϲ
ò˵гڻȪջʱеϲȫ޷Ƶġ
ϰ˵Ľ
Цſߣ׵ͷʱһ࣬ٴ־޲һһЦԵַԹΪ˵ʡ
۾˵·ߵҰ𣬼нޣҰĪҪɡĪǵ۾ҪЩʲôһĵĳһۡģҪջжջ
Ǻǣϰ˵Цˡ
еȻһЦ
ҿģϣţеĻ͹
ЦЦĿһУЦ
ιҲԵѣҵݣԵӦúΪ˽ͨͨ׼ĵر໥ͨޡҶܴлȡ档䣬ѾʼһɳǣɳǽΪͨһڡʱǰ䣬ֻɳǣɳ⣬᲼½ƣֹʿ뿪
еȿ˵
ɳǽ罻ĻȻҲֹʿ䲻ˣĻ˵ңԣصĽƣбҪġ˵ҲǱ⽫ʲôᣬ佻ֽվûдġ
ȻʿҪǲƣ׳ȥǾǴ鷳
׵ͷʾͬ
ж绥żȤҪǾӪĺãǺʣ̺棬棬Ƿųһ㣬һԵ͹档
ǣԱ֤ң룬ߣҲҪͬĳǳأУȷյľۼأܸõĽнס
м˵
ҲǰĿ֮һ
һпʣʱƣӰȻվܱԶǿߣȻŻ۶ȪջӦԷӵʿоǱ֤ԡ
е룬һͨ򿪣ͨɹʵͨ˭ֻǻȡһķöѡǰ䣬ʿȻҲԽ䡣໥֮ĽȻҪרŵĳء
ңһɳǣȫԽһ뵽һͬϵУȻȻά
ãڻȪջǡ
йâһЦŴӦ
֪ԵѿԸһҪԸ⣬Ҳɼ롣ɳǣҲԽһƹܡ
漴˵
кڵı¶£֮ġ
һ㣬Ҳû顣
Ҫ֪翪ͨУ漰ʵ̫ˣ󵽻ȪջδܹȫеҪһǾͳȵˣػǳضޱȰȫ䣬û˭׸һжԣȫҲڡ
Ļеĸȹˡ
һ㣬Ҳ߲ûȥȥ˵¡
ҲͬĴ㡣
ʲôһǣһƹܣǽΪ໥ľۼءҲɵĵһԺ˲ӿֳǮҵӰųȫڳԼ
棬ʵ̫ˡ
ȫһɽɽ
ǾûǮ⵰ӣȻǮһĪĿӵ㹻ǮƣԲǻ£ңΪߣܴлȡ̫棬챦ıȵȣҪȡ׾٣һٶȱȻ
ܴһ棬޷ĺô
ȫûоܾĵ
ǣʵ̫ˣһ˿Ҫϴ顣ֻеõϴͬ⣬һܽС
ûſڴƱһ˵һ仰
˵ڤ
۾һת˵
һڿǹڤƹܣȻڤͬеһ𶥼УĴͨߣͬӡֻһܵܣڷӡıԵһЩصȨֻأȻһȨ
ȻڤڤҪǲͷû˭ܹģһ㽨ɳǣȻҪأѲķά򣬶ңҲҪڤķϰԸŴ˳򡣡
ͷ˵
ǣ̫󣬲˭ܲġһǵʲô˵ǻУȽͷһ̳ԵһɶһҶ¡
ãԣڤܹ룬Ȼٺò
Ц˵
ǿԽԽãȻҲӵȹ̣ױݻ١ؼһ㡣
ǺãȥڤϢ֪ͨ
ԥһδǰδеĴȻҪץסԣһʱͿʼ˶ѰڤҲҪʱġ
ԴˣкȻҴҵȥ
ʳԸ
ʱܿһʳϵĶһ̳Сɵľ̳ŵǻȪ׾ƣһ뺴ɫ׸⣬ʮˣڵӡһ
˵һλȪϯ
漸ûȪʳ
ЩɶǻȪʳ˵ʳмƫãһʱ̫׼һθպûȪ׳죬ոġ
Ц˵
ö
۾һû˿ɣȪ׸⣬ŽУһҧʱһ־˵ĵԴ׸дݳֵԣûжƷ谭һֶصĸо·һȺɰľ衣һС
һֶصƺԻȪ׵ԣ鶼·ܵϴӡ
ָоһһá
ÿһѪⶼڻޱĸܡ
ڷӡȻȻ
漴磬Ȫӣ㴼еԣ棬һڤ޵⣬һ⣬ǻζ壬ںһ
þơ
ڶȪ׾ƺһڣ۾ʱһ׾ƵˣƸ֣׾Ϊ׾Ƶĺûۣ̫ͬŨĻ壬̫Ļ򵭶ζҪУԽԽ׾ơ
ң׾ˡ
в֪ľˡ
ЦЦ
ǰĻȪ׾ƣеļƷ
Ҳˡ
ϰ㲻ǴҪҹͼɡζĿ˵


1463 Ȫ
ǰҪǺˣǲͿһЩԵôʮڴ촽˵
Уζƺһ˿档
˵ɣ㵽ʲô㣬Խʼʱ޿̲뷽跨ջҡɲ֮ǰԸӦĿģʲôǳ˵ȽϺá
еȻһЦ
ɵӣһμ󣬱ֵ֮ǰмΪԵ
Ҿã֮бҪһӡ
ɫһ漴˵
ʲô˼
Ŀһߣѯʵ
Ǵ׵۳֮۾ܳפ䣬һ֮˳۾Ȼ佨ɳǣҲҪɳǣκκҪӦŦ֮ϡ֮ĺȻǽڹ֮ͬϣֻΪһС
ζĿУ˵
ŶϰΪأ
ƽ˵
Уûв´Ӧֻĵһ϶Ҫ˳һɲֻ֣һȪջҪ֮Ժ֮縡Ƽ
߼˵
ûСһλҰģοؼһ˳׵۳֮ġ䣬ңĽУôûж뷨
ңС
ԽһǾȫпܽһ䣬Ȫջв٣ҪȪջ߳ȥҲδزܡ
ӴǰκԼǲյġ
˺ӣǾͲһϵȻᷢԵɱ䡣
˵û䣬Ҫ俪˳ǲŵġ
йŹֵĿһߣҡҡͷ˵
Ϊӣڵʵ̸ں̶ܴϣɴһ֮ڣ磬ֻأĸ֮һˮһӡʧĻЩȻῪʼһ֣ʮֿ¡
ңûиĻע޷ʺ档
в뷨ҲԲڻᶯֵġ
ߣδЩ̫ˡ
䣬оԭû˵־ٶ棬˵иεĿģǱ˵ô򵥡
пܣ֮ǰ˵һУֻǽڶѡ
߲˵˭޷ʡ
ҲֻЦЦƷʳһ߳ԣһŻпһЩ⡣Ҫһǳأɲô򵥵顣ôȵڤͷʱ򣬲ſһʧ
ϻȪջмУ˵ջ񡣡
ȵоƱ֮Ц˵ȪջеĽ׼ڼв챦
ôҵҪȥһΡֻǣεʱν䣬ֻǽǿн룬ű߱׹ᴩԣ䶺ʱҲ̫ãֻʱ䡣
ЦЦڻȪջУǰһϳʦ컯ħǿڼзȫΪֹȪջлźϳʦĴ˵ֻάʼչᴩḶ́ҪĵҲǾ޴ģÿʱÿ̶ڳȡԺĵ̣Ҳֻܼһʱͱ뷵ء
죿
¶һ˿ô˵ͨΪֹûȶֻʱĻֻ»᲻罻ס
ģҪǣҲҪǣ󷨽ƣʱ䣬ɣʱڣбҪȻῪţÿ죬һΣһΣȵͨȶȫ濪С飬һҲøΡ
ЦЦ漴ζĿߵңϰﲻ˵Ҫ𡣼Ȼôܹء
Ҿ͸
߽Ц˵
ͱڡҪˣɾûкڵĻᡣ
˵
ôߴһ˿Ƶ˵
ҲңϾ֪飬ҲԿ漴һЦֱϰǰͽ䱧תͳ¥ȥ
Ȫ
§סеĲӣſڷһĻֻܿڴڶ
һҹ˰
һҹɫ԰
ڶգڻеߣһĨ֮ɫ˵ڽ֣ôΪʲô˵ҿ԰æ
ߵĶӣҡҡͷ
ѾԸоȻ̥ᣬһϣܳȻԼԸʿ˵Ҫ뻳Уѣֹ̣пơһϾŪߵĿѾԡҪһӡ
²˵Ȼ֪ξ͵֣֮֮ԵʲôûзԭĹϵģҲ㡣
ۣһָǰȻĻȦȦ˵ܿĳݹˡȻܵ˵
ˣȻ㲻˵Ǿ͵ûʹȻѾҵŮˣҴ׵۹Уʼոһλá
һۣת˻⣬ڻʱ䣬˵˵ڤʲôˡ֪ʮޣۺۣڤȴ޷֪
һԣǹظ˾ƹܲŶԣͻȻðһڤȻ˺档
ڤɲʮҪѷɫڤɲ򵥣˵Ϊȵã벻ǣûܹ˵壬֮ǷңʵǿںУնΪһʻְȨʲôʵŸҪڤһԸΪӵĴڡ㲻֪ʲôʱһ硣еĶ磬пܶв
˵ڤʱҲ¶һǿҵļɵ·˵ʲôɵĴڡ
ˣڤ˵һʮŮˡдţһֱڵ˿ȻһԣпԳܡ
˵ţϻֳһ˿٩
ȵã⻹⡣
˼˵
ഫڤĸ֣ĸˡӦǱɱһ
߼˵
һ㣬ѾķףڤʵԲ˭ƵġһƣľĴۡ
֪֪鱨
ٴѯʵ
ٴνת档
Ĺ죬ģǹ죬дԵڡֻҪᴩ磬֮Ȼ᳤õĴ򽻵
еЩ졣
΢΢һ䣬С
һ
Ҳûٽһ顣߾ꡣ
֮ļв㣬вУķ֮໥ŤǷ䣬γɵһƬ֮أų֮Ϊຣҽ޼䡣飬Ǵ֮⣬ֻ֮ڣС


1464 ڤ
пຣޱߣͷǰľԣ京ǰ֮ˡһ棬г׳ٿຣΣգҲ޷ѣӴ˱֮⣬Ҫ죬棬ҲҲ˰еֻ޾档
ĻҪ룬ޱѡ
Ҳ˵֮ǰϣҪеƲסջ󣬴߳ȥĻ¾Ͳô׵¡
˵ееԴڣҪѣͷ·ˮûа취ӴջҪش󺣡ͷ·Ϊһ塣֮ǰ͵ֻΪҪ͵Կ
߿˵
Ҳס֮£Ȼ֧Ųסֱɾ֮£˺飬ķѡе䣬Ҳ˵ֻ˵һӦõ棬еһַ
ķ򣬾ǿʳ档
ңǿӶߣһ
ǵ󣬲ѪѪֱһ˵ЩսƷɱʤӦûȡսƷԭʼķ
һЩأе飬֮Ϊ죬֮Ϊ꣬ų֮Ϊħų֮ΪħЩָͨͨ档пܣòҪ̤棬һȥڶˡ
ٴηȰ档ЩɲǿЦġ
һǴֲ
ģһûз裬Ȼȥ֮ǰǴΣѣȻܵĻҲδزһ顣
еȻһЦ˵
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ֱ߲һݹĴӷ˳ģȫǹˣеĹâȫߡ
ڷУվڴڣ뿪¶һĨ߰ߣȻ֪ʲôĿģΪʲôһӣȻΪ۵ŮˣǴӽ󣬴׵ݣͽԶ㡣ң㻹ҴСľϲ
пڡ
ȻԿڣѾٴζһϣΪȪȻڽŵԭ򿪱񺣶ȥӿȪλá
ڽŵװ壬УȻԿһϸСϪת֪ʼҲ֪սᡣǻȪӣһֱĻȪӣֻһȫ޷ĻȪʥȣţһë㲻ϣǺ̺ۡĻȪԴȴһ㶼
ĻȪ֮
ͼУٴһõΪʵΪһȪ֮Χ۷ͼƣǿ
ңϵҲΪħ˻ζ
ϰС֪ͨ㣬ڤˡǰ㡣
ûʱֻ洫һСõ˽
ڤȻԹˡ
Ҳ¶һ˿ȡ
˵ʵڣҲûԤϵڤԹȻ֪ΪԭпߣݣȻ⡣
ȻˣȻη塣
Ϊؼһ۳֮뵨ǡ
ڤߣҲԲ׶˳֣ûд£һ֣һҪܵ
ûгɣƿš档
Сõ£ȻĽ뵽һС
ڰڣȻԿվһ飬棬һŮǱſڵģսȥܿģֻһӰѡ
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ùڤһӰôܻôȻͬʡ
ҲɰԷһૡ
Բ̫Źˡ
ӱӰϣȻԿֲͬʡ
һʱ㣬һʱһŮһֱӢˬӢˡֱǧ򻯣ÿʱÿ̶ڱãһӰϣࡣ
ָо̫ˡ
Ҫ£־󣬺ʣǾ˸ѣо񲡰ȻڤԲǾ񲡣˸ѡȻǣǾ͸ӿ¡Եıãûܹ׽͸һλȫղסǿߣǺεȵͷʹѲ
Բ˵˵ѵ顣
ˢ
˲Ϣ䣬ǱӰɢʣֱתŮһεѹȻȻɢݶȻûпΪǹѹ޷ֱӣΪ֮һϣվԱߵˣʶĽ
ͬЫһ˿аĴ⡣
ڤô꣬ͺڤʲôˣȫһӰʱضпܽ˿ӽȥң㻹ûа취ָоҪȥ
鷳ˣҾ֪ڤҪ϶Ǹ鷳
аԷЦ
׵ۿ룬裬ǰΪ֮ǰе
æк
Цŵͷ漴˽ȥһڤǰſڤһҲһ˿ȻһòȻǣңϻصϢƺò˿̣һŮʡ޾޷ֱӡ
Ҫб˳֮һۣݵλĳ̶ֳϣѷɫ١ֻҲֱӡ۾Ϲһϵ塣
׵ۣؼһ˳֮
ڤͻȻһЦǸŮȻʧ٣һֺĺصŮһ㣬գգ۾˫۾ر𰡡
һ˵һϸе۾ƺ¶ǿҵȤ
Ȼۡؼ䶥ۣ㾹ȻܹӵУȻǵһ۾Ȥʵ̫Ȥˡ˫۾øҺòá
һϲ˵Уǿˣˮģȫκο֮ģƺı飬Ƕһ
ڤֵƤˡ
зһЦ۾ⶫҪҲ˭Ǵ׵۾Ҫ۾ⲻǿЦ
ûķݡֻš
ڤ˵Цˣ˫۾㲻ʲôĸģô꣬ҲϰˣôڤҪҪ۾ĻﻹҵҪá͸Ҳ޷
еȻһЦƽ˵
ҲûжڤԸ֮ǰѾ֪һЩҪ뽻ȻҲ׼
ЩС˼ѡ
ˣЦˣû˼ڤٴһ䣬һɫҪǳأ׵۳֮䣬һ֪ͨĺ
Ȼ֪޷ǳΪʸ֮ĶѡҴ׵ʵȻӦԡ
ŵ˵
ӦԲˣΪµĴǿߣıӡ𡣡
ڤЦЦ˵


1465 ֶܵ
ڤ仰ʲô˼
ɫһֱѯʵҲǰȻڤݣӦò޵ķʸ˵϶ԭģ棬Լ˽
ңݵλкܶණ޷漰ġ
޷Ǿǵ̶֡
һжǴͷʼеĵ̣ȫǿԼۣŵȵȣ֪ģʮϡ٣Щؾеĵأÿ궼ӣңӵٶȼ죬ǹͨаյȵȣڲϷḻ
ĴԣЩ̲㡣
ҪʱȥֲҪʵһȥ̽
ܶණݵλйصġʵôǿ̽ġ̽ˣҲִֻΣաǰڴ׽۳Ѿ߱˽ذصʸ
Ҳڤ֣ҼԭҪǻǻʳ֮Ļڤ⣬ȴδػǰݵλĸı䡣
һۣ˭ܺӡ
Ǵܣˡ
˵еΪֹ̨̤
ȻҲֻ̤һֻŶѡ
˿ڤԺɿתͷ˸
ûӡʲô˼ӡʵڣǿߣȷʵûа취֣Ǵӷӡ뿪һ㣬Ѿеõ֤ʵдҪȻʵԲŴ׽۳չط
ӡ϶ûģоԵġκ飬ʮȫʮĻʲô
ӡļ龳Ҳ˵ǽΪӡ龳Ļпܴӷӡ߳ǲᱻԽԣĻԸֽţҪӡΪӡϿĬĳ̶ȣǾͿ϶׽ҿӡܽҿӡǾ龳УҲδز䡣˴ķգδػȥ
֮⣬ǻʲôЩܲӡӰ졣
⻯
˲Ϣ䣬ͷУһԺл
һĨ⣬ڤЩֶͨΣĪ⻯
û뵽ֻһ䣬㾹Ȼ뵽ôࡣȻ˼Ǵ׵۳ֻ֮µһֶѡЩֶܵΣеģҪٱ
ڤȤĿ˵
ڤܷ
һ˵
Ȼû⣬е棬Ҫ߳ɡڤͻȻƤգգ۾¶һ˿˵ЩյĿģȻΪҪڻУռݸ档
ܣڤҪ߳ɣϼʲô
ʱпڣһ漴𣬽ţͿѾ˽ڤȻЩޣ΢΢ʩ
ǻǿߵľ⡣
пûп
߳ɣȫڶ档ܿϡ
οϼҿɲͨ壬ͬڤѷɫǿҪϼҿɲڤҪײ֣ϼҵֲδػϡ
ڽǵãֱҪΪԲܡ
ڤθδЩΪһЩ鱨ͿԻȡô棬ο˵鱨ϼֲǲ֪ǴԷֻ֮أתͬʥߡ
ߺĽڤû˵Ķ˵
ˣΪʲôе汻һ鱨ƭȡ
ܻ᲻ᣬš
Ǻǣϼɲ˶֣以УûһأȪջѹƲסܱ߿ӵĿ⡣ȻˣǾͽ˵ף翪ͨУȷʵǲ뷨Ҳȷʵʮ־ˣɣһȷһ£ҵη䡣
ڤЦЦ˵
Ȼո˵߳ɣҲûоÿԳɹ
пĸң⻥е棬ҴҪɣûҿͨͨ⻥У޷ڡк˵
ڤȻ󣬿Ҳ֮ܲһȪջȲ룬һֻǺߡһȪջҪɡһ
۾һգҲЦſ˵
û˵ʲôһɣǶڤ衣飬Ȼῴ
ܡ
ڤϵһ䣬˲ϢͱһְϵŮǿһ㣬ƼΪǿ󡣾ͷ·׺ݵĵˣҪŭɱ
漴з·Ϊһս
Ȼڤ͸˵һԸ䣬һܣΪ棬࣬һ㶼Լݣʲô֣ͨͨûС
գһǹս֮ɹʶ
е棬ֳݣУռĳɣȪջһֱռɡյֳɡ
ɲͨ档
һ罨ǳ֮ǽɳǣҪãжÿ춼ҪȡӦķãһֻȡһöҵķãһȡ棬ϰġͨţ磬Ҫ磬ҲҪȡáһ˵档
Щÿ춼ս
е棬֪棬ÿ춼Уȫ½𵰵Ľ𼦡û˭ܾ
ȻпصĲңǻе챦ڤͬˡ
Ҫı
һЩǵ飬Ҳˮɣܼ򵥵ľɹ滮䣬ȻȪջһйɴ׵۳ƹܡ
׵ۣȥСһ㣬ʮʱ䣬ЩֻͨأתĴܣѾҪˣǧǿǷ˵ǵĵڶںʱѾѡ񣬱˯ܷӡԷԪķʽֻءĬ£ȡЯ䣬ֻ֤ءһħûһһΪͬУ޵С
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˹ʲô𣬱ԭȵо飬ԭȵļ䣬֤תֱǿңһͷڶʱʵǣΪһǿߡ֮ͬУЩǿߡôǲƽ
࣬һȥѰĵǸˣһ·ֻҪԪȡԴͿͻͽ
ǲ첻
ںϣոյŻᱻץסᡣڣѾܡֻطɭϣ˭޷ԽԺܹɱЩת֮о޴ô
ڤζ˵
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¡
ڤͻȻЦſУգգ۾

һ鴤
һԵְסͷоͷʼʹˡ
ħսҪٴο׿Ҫ׼
ڤһת³һ仰
ħսתơ


1466 
ħսôҪڶôһΪʲô
΢΢üѯʵ
ҪսǾصĴ¡˭޷⣬Ǵ׵۳չҲһսһ̤룬һҪ롣
ؼɷ֮ÿδ٣ħս֮ʱһ٣ҹ֮ľͻң໥ͨͨͻ򿪣ʱҹȻ֡ħսǵֵҹǰءһħսֵסҹͻɱ㡣
ڤ˵Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ϊֻҹ㣬ɱҹ
üͷһ壬¶һĨȻ˵
ԡ
ڤգգ۾Ц˵һȫһ´ģ
ѡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
ڤûжãһͻľʧţ߿ʼνɳǵ⡣
ɳǣǿ϶ҪԽ졣
ɳҪȻҪԴˣһ޷׻ʳκγǳأֻҪнһʥּȥȻȻͿƸΪɳǡȫҪκεĻ塣䲻УһӴԴԿٽҪһʱ䡣
ʱ䣬һֻ塣

ûȥûãѾʧٴγʱѾ̤ϣ˳ţȥ
УܿУħϳ֣ջ󣬻ǿţɢ־ȵȣΨһĿľҪȥ׹档
ϧЩӰ죬ûκá
²ʼûֹͣǰ
ʱѾھУ䡣
ĹȻ޴飬СҪɽ֮˵
ţԳ
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Ӧһ뿪۹
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죬׼ˮ
裬Ͽȥ׼һӵŮҪһʱԡҪȪˮҪ¶
ѩëı׼ãһҪá
Уõİ׼ãȽҪȵġ
ۺҪˣ˭Ҫκβ˭𡣡
ܿɻ˹Уһ𡣵ǹŮæµӰͬʱָ챦˹ڣ׵۳ĵѾǷԶǰڹеӵŮ׼Ѿϸϴ壬ȵ֭
ֱ㵽ûκεĲء
ÿһֶõģǰ飬ʵǰ޵ĸ顣ķе䣬ϸ磬¶ǧȵȡ̺֭ӪޱȵķḻʮֵºͣʺӤաܹǿ̡
һʼΪߵʲô̶ȣǿ̣ǣԴЩĸ
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Сٻ£ǼڣңܣɻһȺСްҲߣһĶ档
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ģѣõģʲôġ
ЦŰο
һҪĸƽһҪ˳˳ǧҪ⡣ǧҪһͲ֪ǲһСް
аο꼸Сһվɻ˹УҲɵԺаૡȻѾΣÿһε鶼һġûж𡣱ϾԼãһµеڴͬġΪ˶ٸжı䡣
۾㲻õģѾйһξ飬һΣҲġĵȴͺáһԵġϣܵµӡ
ʱҲִ﹬УУʩҲ˵
ڴϣԵһӡ
Ļ׻ʳкôʲôǾһִУĹĵȹ̣žصá
ӵĵζţ׵۳˼̳ˡ˵涼ܹõС
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һ̣۹֮УƳеİնһĿеľ
ˣ
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Ƿˣܿн糱

һ߿һצи֡
ͬʱ֣ƺ԰㣬˴ˣȻ׷һϢո֡ԴԴϵĳ˷ɢ
飡
߿ǲĽˣҲ¶ϲ֮ɫ顣
УȻԿһߺƺƵϯڵ۹֮ϣȻ׹䣬ɻ˹ж
󲻿ԡ
߸ϲ
ۣ
һӹд
յҲɢǿΪתۼֹͣޣֻ
ϲ۾ϲ۾ۺһλӡ
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ص۾ϲõӡ
̫๬Ů׷׹ݺءУŨŨϲá
ص۾ϲõӡ

ӵ۹ʼһϵ˷ȥһ̣ƳǶ⡣쳹ޣѩޣУշ
ڣϢĴֱǿ쵽޷
ת۾ʹ¡
Ӱ
ӵһλˡ
һ̣ոϲ
ǰн¹жЩӵģͳ׵İˡ
ּۺµӣͬ졣ա
Ҳ¶һ˿ϲɫ漴ּͬ졣
ţ߽С
ܿڴϣ¶ĸԵĹԡ


1467 
Ѽоô
еߣڴߣ¶һ˿ϧ
ÿһͬʱҲĸʹĥʱ򣬺ҪҪĻӡ
Ѽû£ֲǵһ裬ֻҪϢһͻָ쿴ǵĺӡոʱһڡ֪ʲô仯
ЦЦ漴˵
˿̵еģǸոճĺӡ
ֻǺѾоҺϴԡȡоһƤѾչɢһⱦ⣬ڱ֮СΨһĵطȻͷȻһɫСӡǣƺһǿ̺ڡ
˿˿ת
ʷǷжڣϣУȻ콣ʣһֽ塣δĽޡ
˽Լֻ۾ʼŹ⣬¶ϲ֮ɫ
壬ϡһ콣лơͬ˹ֻıȲ߿Ҫࡣ
üĵɫӡǣʵһϣ콣ϣ̺ŶеԴΪһڴɫĽߣмȡǿһɳʣȻһϵ֤ڿ˵ʵӣڽųɳ
Ϊ鱦δزܣҲпܡ
ʣ֮ǰļŮѷɫӵжһֹ󲻿Ե֮
ǵܵ
ɻ˹ǸճӤһ棬ֽ˹ȥ
飬޳ҲΧ˹ȥŸճĵܵܣʱָϴ˼£䣬һʮȤӡ
ЩСһеܵˣӦÿˡ
Ц˵
ȡһְɡ
Ц˵
Ϊѧ֮Ǻ⹫ȡɡ
Цſ˵
ãǾϷȡ
ûоܾܵµӣ˵ǴͬĴϲ£Լϲãꡣ
漴ףǰӤ˵ӱж飬ν͹󲻿ԣңӵд壬ϣȻˣΪϣ󲻿ԣߣԳ󡣡

Ůڿо׽˼£۾ԽԽоʮֲȷʵӵϡ
飡
̻ͻȻţƳǣ׵۳ڣ̻ʼţѤɫʣȾޱѤ޾ϲϢء
ƳУʺȪУ߲ʵĲʺ꣬Ʈλá

ӻĹߣ衣һʱɷˣһʱָͼǧ˰̬Ŀã
Ǵ
ڴ֮󣬸Ѥ̻ѷɫңԦӾһС
ڴ֮УҲǴʡΪʢУ̻
һʱ䣬ͬ졣
Դ׳ףȴͽСӵĵ°յĸӵȹ̡
ǹ
Ȼ˳ֻҪȥԳûм̳˵⣬ǻϾУʱⷢ˭ܱ֤ԼһԶĻȥм̳ˣиıϡ
֮Уٹڡ
ʮ¶ʮ飬ۺµӣ

˲Ů֮
һ䣬ѾС
ܿƬصգһűգһ֮⣬ĶУܿ⣬˽ҲǾԿġ
ûгɣȾͳűȥűǵ֮λ
жȥܿǰֳʮö˸ɫʵƸ֡
ÿһοУжȻȻ۳ʮöһοʱʮ꣬Ѿʮꡣ
ʮһʱҲһУзʮöơ
һΣǵΡ
Ҳ˵һҪȫĻʮ͡һΣҪֵĶ࣬ȻǿҲδػȫȱϯҲǳе顣Խ࣬ɣó챦ࡣ
ȥɣѡԵ֮ˡ
жǰʮöһ֣ʱǰһѷ죬ȻȻĽ˽ȥգۼ䣬ͳʧһȥƽκ
ֱѡȡߣֱӴ͵У
ϣοԴһЩȤߡ
Ҳɰڴ
ǰοǵõٵĺö
ܶ඼Ǵ׾ڸҲ챦

һɽ֮ϣһʯϣܿһ磬һ£һڳžƺ«һеžƣһһŮӽ̸ϸۿĻܿŮӷ࣬һӣеõľ顣
Ȼ޶ˡ
֮䣬ƺһ˿˿֮תΣȻڶŮΪǵĶ󣬶κŮ˵ž޴
̸ʱ̣ͻȻѿһѷ죬һ漴һȻǰҵͷ
ף磬ʲôô
Ůѯʵ
У˼ֻҪȡƣͿǰУμһᣬȺһĳȥȥͻء
ƣ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵󣬴߶ƣһΣѾʧ
ֻŮһ
ȻЩ

һ嫺Ĵ֮ϣȻԿһµɮڽߣܿ£ֻһݣˮǰУ˿̻֮Уˮ޳ɱˣ£ʼնǷƽ˾һͷͷˮ׷ױΪѪࡣƮɢڽС
ѪɫȾ
ʱǰһѷ죬һöƾճ֡
ɮֽ˹ȥ¶һĨٷ𡣡
漴һѾһʧ

һ޴ĸСܿķģ˸䣬ɢصϢһɹεĲɢķ
ͨ壬ò֪ؽ졣
ȫǻȻһ塣
ⲻͨĸһʦ
ܸܵʦУһɹǿϫ
飡
ʱҵĺ˴ĿģܸܵеĿƻ
Уܿһʦ۵ߣһϲĿǰļҩЦɹˣڳɹˣĽҩҲܳɹҹȻΰʦ
ˢ
ڿЦУһѷ֣һöҽЦͣݶҵһš


1468 
ʲôҵѽ
ʦһҽУݣƽʱҧãȴһҵһţ֪жôļӲ
Уμᡣ
õƣʦЦȥҪҲ⣬һҪָ췭ظСȻҵ
Ȼҵݣܹܿٳɱҵ˾Ǳҵˡ
оѾ

µĳԱǰõˣҲͬõдݵѶϢףἴʼҪ׼ģھͿǰȻ飬ûǿԣԸȥȥԸȥȻѡȥ
ܷȫҲ
ȻȵһҪǿǿԿ϶ġ
ûйȥáͿڵƬ޿ռУȻȻĳһɫͨŹâһԿһűƾո֡бԭȾʹڣֻգֶѣ۳ȫ±
۳Ρ
ЩȻλã΢΢һЩֱԳ͵ݡ
űۣȻ䣬Կһ˸һӰϵĳڱϣֻⱦȻԣǵȫסԿ̽棬ֻܿڱһص⣬ʣȫ޷塣
ڱȴֳһصӡǡЩӡǣǵݡ
ֻпԿǵıĿ
ǧٹ֡
磬һʱвèˣвèǿÿһζ£ֻҪῪȽӦġǰεĽףǿǻȡ棬ջңġ
꣬ƴĵѰ챦
츳ջ
ִȡһҡԽԽá
ϲҽӲӵζÿ˯˯š
һ



ʮű
һۿȥܿʮűƬУÿһ涼һӰǵľȻȻеĻѶϢ
˼УƬռ䣬ȻǶ֮⣬ⱦûԸ֪硣ȷʵء
ʱһˬʵЦ˹
һĿ漴俴˹ȥһȻ˭ڹе˵˭ʲôģȴе۾
һ۾ͿģȻһµӣȻȻ͸¶ڽ޵ʷǡֻһֻƺ«ںȾƵ̬Ȼת䣬һȾƵĽַ͡˲ʡ
䱦ϵͼȻһֻƺ«ھƣȶԽҪӵӡ
һޡ̣ɲ⡣
ͫһǰ꣬Ȼоǿҵвǵ̣ףһĶǿߡ
ǿߣǰȴû˵һ㣬˸ܵˮɲ⡣
Уǿߣ壬ǿ߾ǿ͡Ҫ뿪ʱԣƣǰýѡֹһɱΪеˣҲһҪеĹԣ赣ǰȫ⡣ʱ뿪
еȻһЦƽ˵ıͣȡһţȻ˵ҲδɣΪ𡣡
ԵһΣǵΣÿζʮˣӦʮֻͣʮλλӦòˡʽʼ
м˵֮ǰһΪĸ֣һΪש񣬶Ϊ裬Ϊ鱨Ϊһҡ
һңȻжһ
챦ĵرжһӦֵĻҡȻңҲĺô֮һո̡
Ҷ˵ǿģĵر֣Ǿ׬ˡ
˭óıֵɻĻԽϼ̨̨Ȼյļֵ
һּ䣬ȻԿУһ챦ƾճ֡ȻǼ̨
̨мﱦֱ;ЧԽǿֵԽߣγɫ⣬ԽǿɫԽ࣬Խ
ȻУƷļֵԵûϵֻҪԷΪֵãǾͿԽסﻻ
ڿʼǰʮλµǷʶһ¡
漴˵

ƽ˵
Ħ
ºп˵
ʦ
ҩʦ
С硣

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壬öֱӳԺУ˼ڽϵѣ˵֣˵еĴţÿһߵĶС
Ħ
ʶĶ࿴һۡ˼
չأשɺ֮ǰһǶſֻһһǧݵĶſ𡣡
ſʮַңÿһζʧΪƷκ壬ʿŲ׵ΪשƷò
£һ֣ǰһֻֻľ̳̳ܷģңھ̳ϻֳſ׭֡һۿȥŶصϡ
Щƣʮ̳
ÿ̳Ǳ׼ʮ
Ҳ˵ľһʮ
ſشҶİЩǶſ죬·ؾѲһǧ꣬˭ҪĻڿԿڱ۾ġҲҪǮƣֻҪﻻʮ̳γۣΪ顣ÿ̳ĵرҩԽоġڴҿұۣ۸ֻ֪һѡɽס
п˵
ǰġ
ڳĶʮߣͬʱбۣıֻ֪ÿֻһλᣬܱûˡ
ʲôſ𣬻ǧ𡣡
ʱ۷Ź⣬еľƺ«ͣڰգֻ۾ʮ̳ƣˮҪˣȫ޷ܡһĿ
һҪһ飬ҪǴſ𣬼ֱ
зź
ſƣûƷľ
Ϳʼ˼ʲôЩſУ޼֮Ŷſ𣬴¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
ſѾһֶصɫ
ǰβμӵ˶ȷʵʮ֡
ûгɣҪģǺԥĿнбۡóԼܸ챦
ãſ𣬷ֱƹλѡ
걨ۺ۾ҲΪ֮һƷֳݣֱƿնȥλĳɹģҲĽı˳͵ǰ
ϸȥóģȻһֻ«ؼĲǺ«Ǻ«װĶǴ衣


1469 ħ̥
ÿһöܻΪһڴɽƷ״ﵽ۷壬鱦Ҳ֮ңһöлᣬȫɱΪ鱦ڽ˵ıÿһڶܼɱõĲϿɶǶıġ
Դϴа֣аž޴
ֵſȣҪ˵ҪڴУȻſҪЩ裬˵ԶԶȲ
УƹóģȻһֻ̳
̳ɲһ㣬һ챦רװƵģ̳еĿռܴ󣬿Էֱ𴢴ֲͬƣƣʱƣøӵζɿڡζʤһؼǣ̳Ƴ档
ֻҪƳ棬Ҫ࣬ôܹġҪĻĵƾˡ󣬻ҪΪʳ
óģһΪϡٵ˸ࡣ
˵оˣ󣬳ڵ£õ֮ʬ࣬˻л³Ϊ࣬գղϣӵݹòǧ겻࣬겻䣬޲覴ãıŮУǿϵȵ֬ˮۡ
κιغòĶǶ֮͡УⱾһֲϣʦҩʦЩʮֵı
ĳ̶ֳϣԸյôһ飬ֵǷҪѵá
һʽɣܿ龵Ů֮ڣóһ龵ħħ֣мĿƣħյħԳԭΣңסΪ۷壬鱦һ֮ңнǱȡܹ쾵ӵĵر
滽ħȷʵСһ󲿷龳εʿõҲ඼Ƿ龳εʿɾв
ѾǺܶʿı
һؽױģ㿴Ρ
Ħ˵óһɫ壬гȭͷСѾǲᣬǶ֮һֵǷ
ԡ
龵Ů۾һ漴ͷӦ
ҲȱٵһֱġȻȻӦ
漴ɽס
ں˳Ľš
Ҫбû˭⣬ֻ⾿ǲԼҪģٶȻܿ졣
תۼ͵вè
вèצһͿöǰ
飬һ飬һöҪҡ
вèó۾һֱС
רΪжȥҵģȻֻһǻǣһԿҵöвèѰ֪ȷʵΪǿ
һǣһǧǣǧ򣬼ǧöҡ
׵ͷûгɣּ䣬ͿһӲӵĽɽǰǧöѾǶѻɽˡ
вè¶⣬Уһ־ͽһȫ۾棬ȫһǿҵҸС
Ǯĸо̫Ҹˡ
ֵõöö֪ȵʱҪȵʲôʱ򡣡
飬Ժаһͷ
ƶɮҪһ챦λӵеĻԽн
ֵĦʱֻĦгһ챦ϸȥǽȻһƽ̨ܸܵƺиֽת
һ챦۽̨
ȽԽٶȱкܴļʽ뵽֮У۽̨̨ϱȽĽۣ⣬ʱԽȽԽ࣬۽̨ͻԽԽǿԽԽ죬˵нϱء
˵⼫ΪҪļֵ
ŲС
ԲǺϡȻҪȥȡԷõ챦
һ챦֪ϲ⡣
һ߿˵óһ˸ŷӵġżǿػ֮ŷ⣬Է𷨵򡣼ֵȻǷ
˶Ա˴˵챦⡣ܿɽס
ʦóһħͨصĽ죬ķ̸󣬷ġмǿսһܣԪ񾳵ǿս
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ҩʦҲóһּΪµҩҩһͷųȥ÷Բǧ˲䱻ǣңһӳȥɵƻޱȿ¡ǻԵġ
ҩͬһ
ֿʼڶֽס
ν漰ı࣬һ˵ԼҪƷɽף챦֡
ӦӲϾ
ʱڶֽ׸Ž
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еȿ˵ؼɷ֮ԽŨشټ٣ݿɿϢڴУħսٴο
һڣͽħս˳
ӰĴ¡֪ģȻ󲿷黹Ǵڲ֪״̬ģ֪ҲЩ֪һ¶һ˿𶯡
ħսĿǿɲʲô£ζҪҹٴηսһβ̽ѣһΣпܾҹľһãȫսϡ
ǰ֪ĺôȻȫǰ׼ӦδĴս
Ƿ֪ʱ䡣
龵ŮЦѯʵ
һ忪սħսʱпܳ֡
ģ˵
ʵϣҲ飬˭㲻׼
ȻһЦƺûж⡣ȻҲ֪
һ⣬νһħ̥޳ħԣתΪ̥֮ͨᡣ
ʱһΪ߿ѯʵȻʮӣ˭а취Ļл
ħ̥Ҫ޳ħԣתΪ̥ٽж᣿
ʱ߶һĬ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ѣѣѣ
ħ̥ʲôħ֣һȻһʮֿµħ񡣲oѷɫħ̺ħԣħԡ
ͺñо仰֮Աơ
˸ճʱһƬհ׵ģһŰֽеԸ񣬶ɺı䣬ġħ̥ͬħ̥ħԣħԣ˵оѱײС
Ҫ޳ѪеıԣǺεѵ顣
Ҫ޳ת̥͸ѣٶᣬͨˣͨ˵һȥ¾ͻᱻħ̥̥ںϡֵסеħԱܡ
ϵĲ
Ҫ޳ħԣҷطɳһħԶɻֻǣħ̥һֶοΪƶɮֻ֪ħԡԵĻ䣬¶̥дӦлᵮԡת䡣ʱ伫ΪǷطƶɮ಻֪
Ħ˵
ͨҪ̥ҲҪһػꡣ


1470 ǳָ
仰Ǵ˵
򵥣һԣ򲻵ѣû˻ѡᡣᣬˣĳ̶ֳϣȸռ𯳲ʼջиĤģԶʼһǣ˵ǾʼǱ˵ġ
ҪֲҪѵĴͬǾ޴ģңҲһ˿覴ãǲɸıġԭװԭװ
̥еԣҲֵܹͨΨػ꣬һԣں̥ȡеһСȡ֮
ǣκεȼķУĲΣԳƷףǷҲ鱦ѷɫֺ
ӲҪ鱦Ǿ͸ӵ
ϡޱȣÿһϡ䱦
ԣ˵Ҫ滻ħ̥̥Ҫᣬֱ졣
ԣ콾ǷҲû˭˵Ҫٵʵ̫ˡ
ħ̥ܷȡǿȡħ̥һΪаԶаħ𵽾ãħ̥ҲԲϾʱϣҪһЩʤڰȫȶֻҪʱ㹻ħ̥һԾ
һĨɫ漴һ֣аͷųһջصˣоõеĸϴһգǰδеĿ顣
ȷʵԾаħֻҪʱԡ£ħ̥Ҳܱ޳ħԡңܵŵӰ졣
Ц˵
Ҫǽħ̥Ȼ̶ܴϾֱӽħ̥תɷ̥ħԱɷԣܵӰļʿ˵Ǿųɾšаȴͬ
ټϣĦпûд䡣ģҲûа취ħԡ
ʵ޳ħ̥ħҪá
ѯʵ
ȻѾĶ
޷㣬ħ̥Ȼ
ƽ˵
ãħ̥
¶һ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
漴һֻ֣âһУһöڵľ޵СȫܸܵԾ޵дݳħԣħԣޱȾѪħԡа񣬿£һеһУв
ֻö޵дݳϢȴޡƺʱпϨ
ȷʵһöħֻ̥Ƿħ̥ѾҪˣʱпزۡħ̥ʺ϶ᡣ
Ŀãֱӿ˵
Ƿʱزۡһ̣Ϣп
֪Ψһҵħ̥֪ܷ侻ȷ𡣡ٴοУѯʵ
ʣһ㣬һ⡣
Ҫסħ̥Ҫɾɲһ׵飬ҪסΨֻʥҺЧѡֻʥҺϹ屦ΨвֵǷȻֻʥҺлһ㣬ܸʲôĴۡ

ܿһӣңϢʮֵĲãϣһֶصϢѪдݶʮֲ
ֻҪϴħԣסԸóһ鱦Ϊꡣ
¶֮ɫ漴ϵ˵ԼܸĴۡ
鱦
ĸһϵˣжһ¶һ˿֮С鱦ļֵκʱ̣Դĵر
ʲô鱦
һǽƾЩͿԻȡһ鱦Ǿٺ㲻ȫŵĴ
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Ҳû漴óһöָ
ϸȥǺȻһö˸ǳâָͨǹҫʮѤǹü䣬ƺָܿĻӰصһ
ǳָΪĸָһΪΪһʮöǳָнǳ֮ãһǣٶȱʮϰٱܿٻԪǳػͨԵֵܹ
ңָԽ࣬һһγɵǳػǿһʮö䣬γǳ磬ٻǴͨҲܴơ
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У
ģ˿аԵһ
Ҫ˵ǳָļֱֵ޿ɹʮǿôȶ鱦ѷɫó󣬾ǼֵԵȵġ
ôоЩԴˡ
ǳָӦò˵ȱû˵ɡ
һǳָò˵ȷʵƯλɫʣĿ
ıҪûȱݻҲóϾ˭ɵӡ
ǳָûз֮ǰֻһö䣬ǷֳһöָƷֱӵ䣬鱦Ϊ۷壬ȷҪֳöӽ䣬ͻ᲻ϵƷסּΣǣɷ졣
Ҳû
ǣǷֳöӽ䡣
Ƿֳʮöӽ䡣
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죬ʮöӽ䡣
ĸһʼȷʱͻ롣
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Ʒ
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죬Ʒ
ЩǳָȻ鱦ȴн鱦Ǳֻ̥ҪĵرȻԽ䲻Ʒ׿һ·谭Ľ鱦ÿһöлΪ鱦
ȻҪô׵顣
ǳָֻҪһֶǾǳֻ֮ںǳ֮Ҫӷ鱦Ҫǳ֮Ǻģʮ־ˣ˽һ֡
ܹ鱦ָԽ࣬һӵеԽӵǿ󡣺ʣһǱȫ鱦γɵػܵס鱦
ǳ֮Ūôǳ֮
ܸȤĿ⣬Ľܺգ̾Ϣһǳ֮Ĵָһ飬ϡ䱦ϡһöö𣬿ɼʮöǼöǼֱ֡ø⵰һ㶼š
˵ǳָֻƾһ㣬ѾЩˡ
ǰãȻ
ãöǳָΪ꣬԰ħ̥ϴȥħԣΪ䱣סʱ޷ɣǿǩԼһɣȻһнѡ֪Ϊɷ񡣡
пǳָȴһĨⶫ
ԡ
ͷӦ
漴һԼƾճ֣ԼУд˫ֱǩԼʱԼֱ֮˫ڡٽħ̥սУаϴħ̥һֻʥҺȻħ̥У֮ʼȶңһ׳
öǳָҲз˹ֱӳָϡСȻȻϡһ䣬Ѿѡֳӽ֮ʮö


1471 
ʱڷһɲǣ鱦ǳָ˲͵ƷףΪƷ죬û̫Ӱ죬ھűǣǳ֮ӿС
Ʒ
Ʒű
Ʒһʮ˱
Ʒʮ
Ʒ鱦ʮ
ңǳָһ﷨̺ĴռʮֲףƷҲвѷɫһ򳡵Ŀռ䡣̺ǳ֮ԴͨĵرһЩﶼԶʱĴ档ǳ֮ά
һ㴢ﱦûе󲿷ִﱦֻܴܴҪǽȥ»ѸϾûйĿռ价
ʵᲢǺ£վĤԽֻأûתͶ̥ڴħ̥֮С
жǳָ⣬漴˵
ʲôᣬֻתȡ
ֻأҲԸҡ
¶һ˿֮ɫ漴¶֮ɫ
ģֻҪֻʥҺס꣬ȻԱסԭм䲻ȱʧԸ⣬ȵħ̥ħϴ֮󣬿Խнס
еȻһЦ
û׼ھòлתֻǰһкѣȻҲѵģҪӦĴ۲С
ãл𡣡
ֻ۾¶˷֮ɫֻ֮Ͷ̥ңǾ׼Ͷ̥ħ̥֮УҪ漰ĲΣǳ޷ģܶδذõ
ʮǣУȻƿֻأ漰ֻת֮һ㣬ϸ˼֡Բ²⣬ľݵ˭
һҵǶһҡΪ׵۳ͨлң֮ǰ²пܾǴ׵۳֮УĲΣô漰ֻأƺЩԣҵԴǴӺζ׽͸
תͷԺи˼
ȻⲢܳ״еĻɡ
󣬸鱨Ϣϴ˿˵඼˵ԼšһЩ֮£漰򣬺ܶ඼صľ룬Щţ˵໥䣬ҲǶһַḻ˵ֵĿޣޣؾȵϢ
ͷ·һɽƽ̨һ㡣
Уһ㽫ЩſһϣЩὫؾУ䵱̣ḻ׵أĳʱ̣Щ伮֪Ҫ˽顣
Щ֪ʶ
ЩڽһִС
һλʲôǣȵʮΣٴǧιȥеϢ۳ޱӴ֪ʶ棬ܹܵĸʷǨִµԴսᡣ
̼¼飬ȻбҪġ
ѶϢĽ֮
Ҳͽ뵽֡
һΣֱĵرһҡ
κβϣǰһ
дһеĿأҪҡ
вè˳һ̣Ѿ˺ܾˡ
ϡ
ĻԷ㣬һʮöңʮööǧöʮöж٣Ҫ١
׵ͷ˵
ϡȱԴƷȵȣŲáڴ׾ڣ־ʯȴʮϡ١ʮֱ
һ񣬾һۡ
вèԥּ䣬Ϳɫɫɫ˲г֣ѻɽһۿȥֱܽ۾
ȷʵһĿء
ԴˣкԥóӦҡһ֣вèЦеսУһƵĲƸ
Ҳ׷׿ʼóԼҪƷĵرнн׶һЩ˵ڻҰзʲôֱ̫Ϻܶ౦ģ࣬ԼòꡣȻһҡ
һһδա
ȡıģ෱࣬ܶǴ׾ûгıġ
磬ڤˮ¹ײݣͭٵȵȡ챦
Щڴ˵ȻѵõĹ屦
λһʹ˽پۡϣλѶеõԼҪ챦еȻһЦ仰Ҳţһεᵽ˽
ʮҲʮ⣬õԼҪıģУԽӵԾԺһҪǰ㲻ΪֻΪ˾һۣһܱ߽һЩ£ǾѾʮֵֵá

̤԰Упָϵǳָйâ˸ǳָ˼˵һִ鱦ΪȻȻļȡˣѪϢָӵһصԣǾǣҪŹ˲ܴȥ
ͺñȣǷֳһö䣬ݵһͨǰҲȥõеܴϣңһϣ
ʺΪѪеǡ
аԳ
ôͻȻһǲʲôҪ
ѾָݹɢĸԵĹԣб¶۰֮ɫ
һΣŮͬʱңҲһ
ûʲôҪ£ֻǸһѡеȻһЦָϵǳָһУȻԿһööҫǹָзǰÿһöͬģҫǻԡ
һʮö
Ůʮһˣ
ָ
Ů۵׶һĨϲ֮ɫ
Ů˶ΣǽָӲִ֮룬ȻһЩִϰҲںϽ磬һҪнָʲôģȻûڴʢУŮĵףעġ֮ǰпɶûиǽָͻȻó
ľϲ
Ǹǵ𡣡
Ǻѯʵеϲһ㶼Ρ
¶¶һ˿ڴ
ǳָ֮󣬿Ըǣǳ֮ңӴ֮⽫Ϊе䣬ӽ䡣鱦ǱΪǴϡϺ󣬾ͳ׼ҵˡ
еȻһЦ
һöǰǣ֣ǳָָ˹ȥ
ȻģһָָȻȻСڵʵĴСסָһף·һס
Ǹоָָϣ鶼·бøӵĸоĴڡһޱ̤ʵĸо
漴мΪŮָ
ߺСٻ£ǣƣȵȣΪǴϣÿһڴϵͬʱһĸоֹУǿҡ
УҲõһöǳָһõָϣȻϴһѪ


1472 Ұ
л
ŮȫָҲ¶һ˿΢Ц˴˼䣬øӵ׽ָñ˴˶ܸܵ໥ľ仯׽һ壬ӵиǿӵŽᡣ
ͬҲһĹС
Ǳ˴ǳָǣǳ֮Ըϣٶȸ죬ָڣǵΪҲԸӿٵ
Ц˵
ΪУԶҪģֻʵĳΪ̣һŮȻ۹ȴûȫڹеĴ㣬ܵǿʵԽǿͬǴ׵һֵ̡
ڽδزܸ׵ĵһ޴ϲ
⽫ǵĵ̡
ҲǳָһЩ˵˳
Ȼʮöһ룬γǳ磬ܶ޷ơڲŲʮöʮöĺܲ١
һĨɫǳػܴﵽ켶Ǵ׵ǿĵ֮һžصҪԡ
ãԺҲҪǵĵմѪ̫١
ϲ¶һ˿ɬ֮ǰû׼УǲܣһֱһȣΪһǽޣһУҪĻڽת»˵̥̥Ӱ죬Ծʱô˵
Ȼдߴٵ˼ˡ
ŮҲζĿһĵ٩
֪ˣ㡣
ֻЦŴӦԸҲʲôŤˡ
¹ӢãͯʣľǴ֮Уһ֮ŮǣңǶԷҲкøС罫ǳָһö
ͻȻ˵
֣λǾųһλһ֮Ҵسôҡͷ˵
Ȼûк󹬲ĸĹ涨ڵ۹УһֽĬϵĹءҪˣǷϵλܳս
ָȸԺ˵
Ц˵
Ȼûз
ҿǿǡ
ҡҡͷ漴˵
ϡ
ĹУŮͬʱ˽ȥһһʮһĴսɱǽһޱȡθ߿źһδδ԰ɫزס

׵۳֮⣬ѪѾ߾طڴ׵۳ܱߵĸ壬ɴûзɹ裬룬ҲûиܱߵĶĿӣԽԽࡣ
Ͼ׵۳ڳҹаħֱһʱпܱըըһκ⣬пܶ嫺ɲɹӰ졣
ÿ춼йעѪǵı仯
ȻѪǣȴܿһŹֵ˸ǵıãѶɡ
ѾһƬ˭׿һռ֮С
̶̼УЩܱߵĶĿѾһ˿仯
Ѫγɵķ緶ΧƺҸоѾһס
ţ˵׵۳ĽšţҪǲϳȥǻԽԽ󣬻У粻ǽֹһУûжЩ飬޲˺ôֱֽȥ
ԾܲԾţ͵ڴšż£һףҪǼ꣬ʮȥǴ׵Ľ򸲸ǻᱩǼ
Ŀ뵽һ㣬̲סһҪģ飬̫ˣ̫ˣȫ֮⡣
ǱչȫڰϮռĽȥչ벻չأָ𡣷ŵĻᡣ
ЩĿ𺳣һʱ佫Ϣ˷ݳȥ
ˢˢˢ
ڴ׷֮⣬ܿһӰϳ֣ĿĴŷı仯ܸоһ˿˿ı仯
׵ۣʲôˣʲôƵ״̬Ǳչ뵽ôŽķһࡣ
ǲʳѪǡ
һǿϸۿ¶֮ɫû뵽չֱֲ̾Ϊֹ׵۵ֶΣʤ
˭κβˣѾɣţҲȻȻĽУ˭ֹˡǿдƷӡҪǻƵĻ˵ҪķѶĴۣǴ׾ڵҹаħһ޴⣬Ҫð׵۳׷ķա
ֿܣЩ岻
עú󣬷׷ʧ
嫺
µ鱨Ѿ嫺ǰ
ǰ鱨嫺һƬ䣬ڵķ¶һĨӣһ׵۳ǲСӣΪѾչ⣬ᣬڿδˣǲʳһ׳ʱһ嫺Ƿ嫺
ҪӦòôףΪѪѪҪţ鱨Ѫ⣬壬壬޵Ѫ⣬ԻΪϣ󳤳ǡԴڽҪѪţҪ¾޺ޡûѪ⹩ѪǾͱšŰףӦ֮ǰ׵ҹħɱɵɱ¾ѪѪɵġ
ѪҲ㣬СֻǰҲԵıҪѡ
ڣбҪˡ
ȥڴ׷֮⣬кޣÿǧɷΧֹ磬ǧΪ嫺һʱ俪ʼ
Ĳܣȶž޴׵۳ڣ¾󣬳ΪѪǵϡֻҪžһ㣬Ѫŵٶȴ׵
ûĲ䣬ƾ׽ڵĺޣҪţŶ١ֻһ㣬ͲΪǡ
ɴƿ֮С
빬С
Ҳ¶֮ɫ
˼뵽취ġŮȻ򵥣ܿؼһ˳ǽҰھͿ㵽ߵһ

´޷׷Ǩƣҿǧ֮ڡǧУЩͨˮ嶼Ǩƣɲë֮أŰĽ졣
֮ӦǣѪŵٶȹȻÿŵķȣ΢ɲ졣һ㣬嶼ǴΪ⡣
ϾѾطַнƣѾΨһķǿй׵۳
λҲÿʮ׵ٶȽš
ףҲ׽뵽Ϣ״̬С
֪УʱȻš
У磬ɷ֮ѾԽԽŨؼ䣬ɱѾϣѪأ֮ҲԽԽš·ʱᷢҵĴսǷȱģֻһѡ
У˭޷󣬴׵۳˶ô޴ı仯
ǽõţǱĬ֮£ȻһڣµˡȻʵ򣬱;׵۳ܽʱ䣬һʳĽ


1473 
Уɲֻɱ׼ѪǣںУЩѾ׷ܿڿӰ£ʱ仳ƬСǧʱ٣ķѲСĴۣñԱǣ˿͡
ȡ岿˿ڣͬǵļϴˢһƬհסǼУûжԴ׻ʳĳޡӵֻǣϵķܣܣٷܡ
ֻҪ꣬ﵽһ̶ȣǾͷѣѣٷѡ
һ٣ٱǧǧ
Է˵ٶš
̶̼ʱ䣬ʱ仳£˿ױը
лרڹƽ֮лֳһƽ磬ȡΪ磬ͶŽȥȻܣûУûѹȣңרûɱѩ磬ñ己ٶȴ
Ϊֹ˿Ѿﵽڡ
Ӵ˿ڻÿ춼̶ոһע⣬Щ嶼ǶѪõļƷȫûκѪǲš
̽⵽ܱһŵķ׼ƬȻȻĽ֮뽮Χ֮ڡ
Դˣܱ֣Ҳûκΰ취һҹ֮䱻ȥѪǿԱ䶯ġ
³ͻȻ˭޷
ôȻȻĽͳ֮ڣΪ㵺ĸ࣬ңˮԾ㣬㣬ΪģᣬֱǱκɽ亣ζѷɫǼƷʳġ
㵺Ҳ岿䣬зޣɶϢ֮䣬ֱӽ쳹֡ʲôͷҲ޼ƿʩ
ֻܽһʵ
㵺׽֮ͱ׵۳ռݣ岿䣬ȫ޷ֵ׵ľţ֮£׾ͱơ
֮ģǴɳԾٶȳڷ㵺ϣռһתۼ䣬ͱ鲼㵺װգҲٵסУǨƽȥֻҪǨƣԻԼķӣȻеķڴ׵۳졣
ݴ׹ٷƶЩɳеķոȨΪ׹ٷӵеľסȨԳۣŸ°ա
磬еһÿǩԼȡĲȨʱΪһꡣޣһ굽֮סͱ¹򣬶ңޣһ꣬ÿһǩһΣֻоסȨֻһڵĽȨⷿļ۸ǩȨԼʱҪӦļ۸񣬽ʽ𣬸׹ٷչ⡣
˵֮УûܹӵһȻҲȡһжɷΪһ㣬ʹһȺŲƶɷЩɷÿһȻȻĻΪ뵽֮СΪеһ֡
ڲƣ漰档գ׸׻ʳκκְҵ
׵۳򷿲ȨͨɳǣһȨҪļ۸Ҳۡƽ㣬һƽͶһǧöΪʼ֪ۡ£ҪõһԲǼ򵥵ҪķѾ޴Ѫ
½ɳǣһǣѡǨƹȥİգûзģѻȡһоסȨһ꣬Ҳ˵ѻȡһ׷һľסȨһڣԽнףȻŮ齨µļͥǾҪѡ񣬷һջ󣬶κΰ˵һԿܵջ
ԣǰµɳǶӡ׵۳İգûκԥЩûзİգӻԾμӡһĪĻԵ
Ǩƣûκѡ
ڷִţѪеһֲִ
һʼɳǾȫԱдûл÷İգѡ˵ȴһλᡣֻҪŬȥ綼лᡣ
һ㣬ӹɵġ
У׻ʳ˿ڱǡ
ڶ£ʵ̫ˡѾԭȵһڣﵽڵٰʮڡֵУгÿղϴ˷Ӵ׵۳֮׵İա
ݵ飬ֻǣ˿ٶȣԽԽ졣
ͬʱҲڷٱ
ֲɢϱǡÿһɳ涼ܿĵػŵĴѲӣΪһصķ羰ߡ
һҸгдСΪһ⡣ޱȡ
ͽˣԦսմСиָм䣬ݣһĻĻʾţͨűʵ
ʱ

ʮʮһա
ڴ׽Уڣһµ
µķΧֻһɳϡܱ߶Ǵ󺣡λڴ׽λãɳܿɳƺűʵɳУ˿·ûϢԼ䣬ԵЩ졣
һƬʱɭ֮ϯ䵽ϣ˲̹ǡ
ˣܿɳܣǱɭ׵ĺǣ飬ѻɽеĵ棬ȫȫһɫеľǰ׹ǣ޾İ׹ǡǽʬϵɳǡ
ˢˢˢ
һ̣ܿɳͻȻ俪ʼҡÿҡΣܿһڵĹâǺɫУԽӵ⡣
أ
һУƺµĹ񺿡
һƬҵ
ţͿУƺʲôµڲϵӿܵӵŨ޾ľ緢ɳǣɳǶȾЩ谵ɭصķԳǽ˸ţûڳ֮Уʧ
ܿһڵʼɳǡϿգڵڵŸֹߡóУʼնֳһϢ
ͻȻ֮䣬ӳдݳһɾ޴ΪУת·ɳǣ׻Ϊ޵ԨҪһУڤ񺿣ϡƺӰڴ
۾١
Уһ۵ӰڰգУ¶һ˿ǿ׵˷ܣ˵
ˢ
һ߲ʺл
漴ͿеӰա
ŹشѾˡпɳеı仯УԼܿһڵĹŹظ֡ɢϵϢ
ʱ䣬Źطˮˣɳ֮£Ѿ۳һֻ۾ΪŹغģ֮׹ᴩ磬һֻͨҪͨȹ̣ͨͿôڡ
¶˷֮ɫ˵
ʱ䣬ˮеѶȣֱ޷ԹŹص޷ᴩɱҪΪġǿдͨ
ֻҪ״ͨ󣬾ͿԽˮάͨĴڣ治ڣǱġҲûйϵ


1474 ۺ
ãŽ㣬̴ͨ
ûԥֱ˵һ̣Ѿˡ
ˢ
һ䣬ȻԿѾֱӳǰܿŵϢʮ־ˣɢѾﵽ۷壬̺ĵ̣ԶԶ
ʱУѾﵽʮǧ챦۷壬ؽ챦֮ңǣһǰѾﵽֻвûѡʼǿĵ̡ÿһڿռĵ̶õ
ɲͨĽǱɱ䣬һСǧɱ䡣ǧرԴɱ䣬ȳԷһֽ˭ᷢʲôɱ䣬һɱ䡣
ؽףǾ鱦
Ҳ˵һҪɱʮ鱦
ڽʱҲҪǡ
´гʲôʡ
ȻЩе׼ѾĲࡣͨĿͽʽʼĽһɽĺôֱ޷
˿̣ͨΪء
ֱܿӳǵɫ˽ȥ
ȥ޾糱ˮйעȥ˲ͽŵͳȥᴩ֮ڡԷ˵ٶȳȥ
УɲֻĴ߶кڴ߶Źᴩٶȣǰһʱ֪˶ٱ
˿̡
䣬ڻȪջⲻԶȻԿһ޴ڵĹųڹųϣȻԿ档
ųǣΪģĳǡ
ĳһ𣬾ͱĿΪϢ˵ĳǽͨʿԻͨ໥ͨޣס
ֻûжš
һ졣ͻȻ䣬ĳϿգȻԿɫƻۣȻ䣬һֱھĳУصʼ١һ޴ĹŹسڳУһֻ֣ãĵ£֣롣е֮ע¡ۿɼٶȻΪʵʡȹ̡ڰա
ﶼܿ

ɢϢȴĹŹŲСУһڰ֪ͨյںη
̫ˣͨڿˡ
ĳǵĳǽϣܿһŴһϲĿŹأšͨšᴩ
꣬ڿʽ
ȪջУվڴڣĳǣǱ¶һĨЦ⣬ڶϸһ£Ѿ΢΢¡ܸܵһϢʮǿ
һָָܿϣȻһö˸ǳָָΪһ㣬ָϡ
ĪͨѾ򿪣ԺȻԾ
ӣУƺﲨ⼸Уÿһʱ䶼䣬ˣȻⲻһƸ꣬Ů飬ʳ֪ζġ
ĳǣͨտСǰ硣
ϲĿŹͨ漴ͷһмʼվ
ȻУܿһѾʼפС
䡣
ܿھĳеĹŹ۳ʵʺɳڵĹŹҲΪʵʣһɹصϣӿУȹ̹ŹءˮһɣȻȻͳΪصһ֣õصϿɡǷһ֡
ˡ
෢һȡҲһ˿ϲ
ˮһɣĺôͬ޴󣬿ԵõˮΪõɱ䣬õǷˮʦ֮
཭䡣
Ҳ¶һĨ΢Ц
׼ôãڴͨ⽫ôӵиǱ
ɳѾΪ򣬲ʺͨվס棬Ҳʺϳʱ䶺۾ΪɳǴңǲһλʵĳɳǡ
Цſ˵
ɳǵĻͽۺۺǡڳ֮ѡѾкʵѡ
׵ͷ
ֶɳһָ漴ڳǽϾȻֳۺ׭УܸܵɭĹη֡
֪۾˭ǰۺǡ
ѯʵ
ۺҲѪȻƽʱҪӵ⡣
̻ʣҹ
пзһȡּ䣬һռŴ򿪣һץʱͿ̻ʴֱӱץ˳
ץʱƺЩɣֻ۾Щʣ·ո˯֮бץġ
˭˭ץ̻үүҹҪ趼ϵá
̻Ժľſڴ
ȫøֵ̬
ֻһֻצӲһֻצĴ衣
˭үү
Ҳ̲סЩڣһ˹ȥ
̻ʱͷתУʱ¶֮ɫ
ˣˣոΣģģȫġ̻ʿĵˡ̻ʼֱǺ޽ڲٵĻ򹷡
Ǽֲˣҡҡͷ˵ȥϵ޵д󽫾һˡ
ʲôҪ
̻¶֮ɫ
ôѵ㻹ҲΪҲ֪ڴ׾ôζĿ̻ʡ
ܣô᲻ܡȥҡ
̻˵
ţͺʺţƿնȥ
ΪĴ֮һȻ˽£һֱϵıţҪһδġȥǼһҵһĹ˵ˮƷǷ
ûãͿһ
̻ս޵нۺС
׵ۣҪҡ
޵н˻ĻУͫ˸ܸоõдһ˿η
ɲηǰˣ޷ֵĴڡ
ҴΡ
п޵нѯʵ
һ͡
޵нͫ˸漴˵֮ԡ
˭޷ϴ׵ĳɾ͡Щ꣬ڴ׾ڣĿô׵۳ķչͷжֱͣƲɵиҵ羮㷢仯˿ڣΪվǵõۣÿյ壬׵۳յǣÿһ˱仯
ΪֹܶգͿӵǧһȥʯͷҪɷĩ츳ģǽͻƵʿĲΡǾˡȫһȺƤޡ
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Щ޵нУе𺳣
˭ҪǸҽ׵۳İյСĻǾԻһ޴ľϲ
ĴףѾȻǰ
֪ԸҴס
׵ͷ˵
۾αҪ֪ҿǲһ塣
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1475 
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仰ǳ塣ѾֱӵıĲ죬ڸϴһּɵɣΡͺñȣ˲ΰˣ˸Ǵ۵͵ķˡɫܴͬ޴壬ӲҪ˵Ĳͬ
Ϊף˭ġ
޵н壬ֻһѵ顣
ˡҴ׵۳ɰٴȻֵ壬ɱģȫΪУɱ¾յ岿䣬ҴƵ壬Ҵ׾ڣҲûڣ磬壬壬ؾ壬Ҵ֮ĺܺá֮УҴҲûжйκӡֻҪΪƣҴ׿κ塣
кԥ˵
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Щ룬ô׵۳ķչվÿնµı仯
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޵нܴӦۺбصþ𵽼صķϾıأҵõģҵҲ֮ء
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ܿʮĲĺͨɢɫ⣬Уƺܿһ˸ǹ±⡣ֻѾ׽׻ʳĻǣ뵽ֻ֮У׾ȥǲ䣬ֱӽ뱦ֻֻ̽ء
ÿֻһλһ˿¡⹦£ֱ뱦УΪ·ȻڵĹ£ûȫΪ·Ҳܿһ㹦±ת


1476  ɱ
ʱһȻȻɱɹ鱦񣬾Ѿй·ԡа֣ҵȾ
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һۺ漴ͽջڣǱʱڣΪȻʮǧﻹо룬Ҳֻ֮ңΪ˽죬սջǺˣûȫһֺ󣬽оΪľڹؼʱ̣һ
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˲Ϣ䣬ĴСʹﵽԲʮ
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ͬʱܿУÿһ磬ȻȻĸֳһͬʱֳ
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һɹرԴԴԴϳЩȥÿһ챦еۿɼٶȿʼ

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׳׳أɽӡɽӡֻɱ鱦ѡ


1477 Ѫ
ϵϹ⣬Ũ¡ɢϢڱпֱʮ֮һǱԵɱ䡣
ж£ֻҪ֣ᱻɣеĻ磬ﲻ̣κϯȥΪĵ̡ΪرԴÿһ硣һ鱦
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鱦֮鱦Ϊ鱦֮УѾ۳طⷨ򣬾ÿһһڲƵḶ́ɱĹ̡۷ϵĹУơÿɱٶȼ졣
һ׷׻Ϊ鱦
ңҲɱ䣬
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Щ컯֮ؼױȵĴϡɣԴԴϵУܴһֱֶӳڻУʮ־˵ıתɻ֮û·һϫϵš
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1478 ˱Ե
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ģҪġ
Ѫ𲻶Ϻϣڱ϶ˣңȻһܣ˭Բ²⣬ܱܿ磬ǵס⵶Գ󡣷ıѾע⡣
īѩ˵
ôȻûг֣Ǿ˵ӡ˼ɣ׳֣˵³йǵġѾǿߣ鱦ʵ鱦󣬻ᷴΪ˵ٴͻơ
ߺ¶һ˿â
ǱĺôϢϢأһһپ٣ɱ鱦̺ķһֱһ컯
˲Ϣ䣬һδ粽
ܸܵжǿּѾһ龳εѪѹһʩչֻǶôĿֲ
죬ͬҲȻǼΪ˵ġ
ֻϣٳʲôˡ
дۺҪȡȥռΪУȻģڴУδؾûͨطȻҲ˲뿴鱦֡
鱦е߾֮˱뱾Եϸù鱾С
ڴ˿ֻ̣һƾճ֣⻰ƺ̺ĳɣ˲ԾܵӰ죬ãĻʮеԾţӡ
ƺһصꡣ


1479 
ʿ
ͫһ³һ
ϢǷʿɢɣһַζܵһ˿Ӱ죬֪ͻȻֵķʿԲͨˡ
ԺͻȻֳڤ˵һЩ
̫ܣͨѡԷֻأڶһڶɳһ̶ȣͿԻع鱾壬Ϊ磬õһͻͽǸԵɱ䡣
Σʥ߽١
ӰУ̫ãӥʱԵĻ£Ͳһ̫õľЩʿ󲿷ֶǿ˵Ŵȱ˵ʵ򣬱İ࣬˭֪
ŵ粻֮࣬ǿǳ
˵ɻġܸƳͺӡ
һнпܡ
ˢ
ܿƳ⣬һۣ̤Ьĵ˳һһǰ̤ţÿ̤һ¶ֳһɫеĸߡ
ǻ
֤߱
һȣ˺ۣĽѡ£ɢһĪȾ֪Ӱ쵽ˡ
ƶᣬ׵۾
һЦ̤գվǰм䣬պüһкңңһףɫȻ˵
ˡ
ͫһǰĵˣȻǵ˴磬ոоŵϢԲһ򵥵ĵˡ߲ơңԼıϣѾǲɵ͵ĵˡ
۵ıʲôʱɺԵһҡ
кĺǳȥ
е߾֮մ˱Ϊ鱦νȡȥ壬ϸƶԵ۾ƶڴ˶лˡ
ŭЦǺǵ˵
ɫ䣬ȴһ㶼ҡȻҪȡޱȼᶨ

˿ûгɣּ䣬ۿɼٶȲͣ󣬻Ϊһֻ֣֮źȡһ˼ûС
Եȡ֮

һƬ䣬ֵ˲䣬ûгɣ˭ʲôȻǵˣǾȥɱ˵
׾ڣǴת֮ҲҪɱ˿
絶ն
ۼ䣬ңңһն
컯֡絶
һ⵶֣ͬʱԺУ⵶ٴηɳһͨںһõ⣬˲䱩ǣˡ
ֻܿһɰ׹Ѿͷ
žȥ
ҪУԺɣؽնס
Ѫա
Ϊᣬǻ纣۽޹δ淴಻𡣡
ĿãȻһЦüйâһȻԿһڽɫսüķɳڽڿһɲǣܱܵᵽеĽ⣬ޱߣԨ纣һڣΪ۽ԴǻΪϣǻԽ㲩۽Խǿ
ԴǻۣնһС
дǻۣɶϤؼһһն
дǻۣɶϤԴһȥݿࡣ
дǻۣɶϤһնն
۽Ϊʵ֮֮
ǻж󣬻۽жǿ

۽ֱӭ⵶ײһ𣬷һ⵶ۣɷâ޾˫ǰ鱦ᱻشǵնϡڻ۽ǰе·ܵĳӰ죬ⲢûлڵУȻɢڵеģǺбٵǧ̺⡣
ײʱͬʱɳȥ
ǻ۽ǻ纣ɲ⡣
⵶Ҳ޷֮ն
⵶˳űɳȥһתֻһնȥ
ֻȻҲܼɵ⵶漴һת˻ھնһָȻ䣬ѪţָѾѡ˿ϣ˿޷ϣ޷ٳµָ
õ
Ŀã΢΢һǷһ̾Լһ˺ܱ׵նһָ˾̾
ǲǺõɲ˵ɱ
ЦһϹâһսѾȻȻĸ֣̤գһۣҡһ䣬Ϊһ⣬ûڡ
һ̤ۼ䣬˺ɱȥ
컯֡Ǵ
һȭΪһսȥ컯ãΪǴ⡣ͬʱǴУ߶ǴߺһŤ޾ϯķµĿռ䣬·һ㡣
ʱ
ô
ĿãеĹâһ̾붼룬һ䣬۽ٴնһʵ޻ôֱ˵ĳնǴ
飡
һҺ۽˵ⲻϳµǣǴ̺ȻԶ֮ǰ⵶ƺ˲䱩һײʱ˲䱬û۽ϲȴûб飬ֻɣдǿٴνǴ
ƣ
ûгɣ²ٴǰ̤һƣȻǣ֮ǰ⵶Ǵ󣬲еģޱߡ
һȣǰһץһͭսìƾճ֡ޱȵĽǶȣ㳯˺ɱȥì̺һǰ־
컯֡ì
ʱܿìУȫ֮ǰ⵶ǴֵޱͻҪһ
Ȼһ룬ǿڻ۽ٴγ֣ìǰٴն
һ֮£ìͬʱɡ
ž
޴ΰɫ΢䣬Ȼһ
սȻϵӡһһǿ
ǻ纣ȻϤ컯ֵ֮
𣬴룡
ȴûͣ٣еĿһӡȻ䣬ܿ޾ţЩ⣬ǻɫÿһƣݳ־ƺޱ߼֡
⣡
޾Ĺ⣡
еһ˲䣬Ϊһɫ籩ϯܸ֮ܵسżֻ⡣ƺԪţնڼг١УǴݳҪ١
컯֡ռţ
зһϺȡֱһӼ䣬ȻԿǰңֱһɫĿռţռŽڡֵͬʱУȻֳɫУдݳһм뼸ûκ⣬ȫռеɡʧӰ١
ûһ˿
ɢǿܱߵļ룬һϯȥ
飡
һǰгһŤǰһս


1480 Ҫ
컯֡ն콣
컯֡ɽӡ
컯֡׳أ
ڿʱսĳ˺ɱȥսն콣⣬һ֮£û۽Ϊ֮ɣзâû۽϶һȱڣֻǣȱڿ޸ǻ۲𣬻۽档һ̺ɽһ㣬ֱӽٴαˡ
ϵɫȻأ۵¶һĨȻû뵽һǰֻ΢˽Ĵ׵۾ʵǿ˵زһǰǿٴαǣﵽıڳںǰս
ң˱˵ͬʱּ䣬һɽӡ޴ӡ£·ʮɽУһ֮£ռ䶼̡
̥ش磡
ɫ䣬һϺȼ䣬ԿһѤţʢңٽܱգȫڣΪһ磬ޣΪԲγɵĽ磬иɻǿ¡
飡
Ȼɽӡ̥شϣ˲Ťţͱױȵǿкƣըѣһٶȼ죬ǻ۽ɳȥתʱ̣ѣ˲Ϣ䣬ɽӡԴϡ
ܿ˵Դһ¾ͱˡԴֱӾͱұˣѪ
ѪлŻ档

һ£ûнԴӲֻƤױҵŵ¡ͷϷѾɢȫͷɢͷ­һѾָɫĿԵγˮ
ôû뵽ԼȻᱻһ󱲴Ǳ
Ѿɨء
ûиֵĻᡣ
һѾִһ׳غˣΪ˲佫ջΪ׺ϡ
һ䣬ͷϵķ˿ɻҽҳһҲ̶á£һƬڡÿһأ˺ա
̫
ı𣬷һŭ
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컯֡
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һͷȥһ˺أ·һ̣žеһУױ̡
ĿһĻˣʶŴͣһĿɿڴı顣
죡
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һռϷ翪ʼһĹ׽ѹ£ŰһһһһԵûκγɣȥʹ㣬㡣
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ɿͷ
һ׵۳֮һؼһ۾׵֮Ȼ鴫շɱԵ
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΢΢ҡϵڻص˲Ծǻۣأ硣
ֻ걦롣Ծ˵ٶɢеѾɢ꣬ˡʱ仳סٱһͷУ޷٣֮ĥǲתġ
ᱦöնɱתʥߣȻд컯
۾ˣǻۣ˵ᱦܽȥɿǣǻ۴ԴһԹĲΡ̺ĺô޷
ֵң˲ιѷɫ
ĳ̶ֳϣ˾ø
붼룬йâһһεֻʥҺԥĳᱦȥ
ֻʥҺؼһεϣܿһصֻ֮ȻȻתᱦ֮У˿ڣ·תֻأۿɼٶȿʼϡ
ֻʥҺһ̣һεε¶ҲĽᱦϡñϵٶȱԽԽ죬̺ǿ󣬼ÿ䶼ڱǡ
Ȼ󣬾ǰһűᱦֱӾˣɢٴλָȻЩȴܸܵʮֵȻȫˡȻ˵Ԫ𣬿еԣڻָʱȻȻĻָȴˡ

඼ھͨͨҵ
붼룬һʱͽǰսڣڵСڽľ
ȥһɲǣǿᱦзȻ俪ʼǡţƬƬ١

һ


еĿռھš
գۼ䣬ȻȻɽͻƵСǧ硣ٴαǣﵽԲǧľ˴СƬԵʮֿտڣԽӵŨرݸӼǿ󡣲֪Уһɱ䡣
ľ޴ô
Щ޷֪ɱ䡣
˭֪ᱦȥȴⱦѾеһΪ׵۳ĵ̡
Уʱһɰˣֱ뵽ڣ񶼷·ɱ䣬ؼͬһ㡣

УܿУһڽɫĻ۽̾գڻ۽ûзߣԭءʣеһսƷ
鱦۽
ּ䣬۽ȡǰĻ۽еϲãȻƺܵһ˿׽ס۽ͬʱͻȻ䣬һεΰ١
۽Ϊһ⣬շ𣬳üλãһ˹ȥüʱȴû˺ѳκ˿ڣֻǹ˽ȥʧ
Ȼʶϡ
һһѾʶС
ʶϿһֶϣ֮ǰն񵶣ѾԸܵʶϵ̡ڻ۽ȻʶСȻоһ˿¶ʶʲôõıʡ
۽ʵ֮䣬ǻ۵ϤһУնһС޻ʵڻ۽֮£ûκȴһ鱦˵İ鱦
˿̣һʶУѾо̾ʶеն񵶡
ûгɣȻնƿնȥ


1481 
Ŀã΢΢üȴûֹΪ沢ûиоʲôΣյϢ֮䣬Ӧòʲôõı仯ԣҲ޶ã˵
Ȼ۽ûиն񵶽沫ɱ˼ײһ˲䣬۽Ȼ·һ㣬ĳնȥ˲Ϣ䣬նϹâʢڵϣһ޺Ȼֻ֣۾ų޾ǻ۹âƺܶϤһУΪǻ֮
һУΡ
ɱ䣡
նѾԵɱ䡣
۽ն񵶾Ȼںˡ
ΣУҲɵֳһ˿֮ɫ˻֪ȴ֣ںʱƺһڤڤеΰУںϵḶ́ȱ˳˲ŵĵزָо·ڼ̳˵̡۽ˡ
ָоʮء
ն񵶾Ȼ鱦ͨ뷨Ϊһ塣ն񵶣е¡
һնѾһʮصĴڣȻΪһ鱦û״̬ʶͨɱ
µĲն񵶣ںϻ۽󣬾˻۽ǿǻۣϤâ޾ؼ䣬ﲻն޼᲻ݡϣԼоһĺӲҪ˵ǵˣһԣǾԻһľ
ǣն񵶻Լ
նںϵͬʱٳʶϱԵȥһնȥϿռۿɼٶȿʼţ䣬ͱʮֹʶţΪ֮һ
ɱ䣬øǿ
ĳ̶ֳϣ׳ԽϡϡΪǿһ
ˣͱӰͱˣٶҲ£һ㣬ιңĴԽԽáҾ͸ɱ
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ȫɱš˶ˣ¸򰡡
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ֻɺޣôöûС
Щ˵ʵ򣬲գ֮ѣսӿʼһûжʱ䡣Ѿ׽ܶ˵ڣɳ֮ǰĴսС
գӰ˷
л³һ˭Ҫ᱾۵ı
䣬һ˿ŨŨƣһϵϡһ̰˷ǡ˭ֻҪ͸ɱ
ӭսе˵š
ǣͲʥֵ߳ĸࡣ
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һ̣ʧ
֮£һ޵еۡ
ңܼ
Ŀû˸Ҳûмͣһŵ۹ȥ
һĻȴõСĥ

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˵˭Ǵ󵽲ƫƫʵȻ˵ǿǿڻ۽ǿµ£ǵ۾ֻ£һסÿһۣâڱ
ǰǿĻǵ۾治֪۾ʩչʲôսͨһһǿԽ棬ͬɽ麣ХƲɵɲ⣬ɲⰡ
еʿǰȻ۹Ŀ⣬ŨŨļɵ
Ǹоһɲ⡣
о۹ǹɿѹصΰ
ˢ
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ɽΪȻ˵ķʼʵַջʱҪʼǿѹѡ
һ̣еѹƣȫͷſ
䣡
һ˲䣬͸оıԴ֮ĳڷӵֱԴ֮Ǳ˵ȫΪĴƷһԿǿǶصĸ򣬿硣
񾳷ΪԪ׶Ρ
ǶԴһָ֮࣬ԴҪɲ򵥣ת컯죬֮һݣǾǿ̣ʮּѵģҪĵޱӴ֮ٳɣԴõһɱ䡣һθԵεǨԾ
һΣȴûѡΪ
ԸطΪһϣʲκѷɫټӵ׻ʳȫҪ±κ˦
ԣ붼룬һ䣬ԴԴϷıԴ֮˲Ϣ䣬ͳѪйעȥѪ⣬ǹѪ⣬ƤĤһ̣Ŀʼǿ
һԴԴϵĸ֡Ѫд
ģȴֱӳл۹ȥ
ͨ
ͨ
ǿÿһ·սںҶ֮ܿУȻϽɫѪ̾ᡣǿѪܿתһɹѪҺԴԴϵͿյѪйעȥ
ԿѪҺУʺ͸Žɫ˿ɫȵԣѾ࣬ŨȻȻľ͸һޱĸо·̺ױȵΰ󲻿ԡ
˿̣źȥȻԿеıԴѪڲϷѣ˸Ͻ⡣
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Σ
Σ
ԴѪٶȣֱǿ쵽ˣ֮ǰʱһΣȴǽϵÿһΣܸܵһεѹԽԽŨԽԽǿᡣ
ңһ̣УԪȻȻڣѪ֮СģԪȫγһԪ۵ԪС
ܸоѪҺеԽӵʢ
ԴѪ̺ĵϱԴ֮ԴԴϵѪҺСתۼ䣬ѪҺٴ뵽ÿһѪУһɲǼ䣬еѪԷ˵ٶȿʼǡ
ٶʵ̫ˡ
˲䣬ڽһƴĶ
ͻʮ
ƶ
ͻʮ
ƶ
漴ǻƶ
ƶ
ÿ䣬ڱǡ
ԴѪǴﵽ۳ıԴĸڡľǡ
һ֮һ
η徳һĪԵȻ鱦ԽǿõķͻǿԴѪԽ࣬򷴲徳磬ǿ󣬿ԴѪศɣϢϢء
аϲǿͬɱ䣬ǨԾȻдϲ


1482 

ûƬ̣ڻƶٴδ
һΣǽŵһƬ
ƶ
ת۷塣
ȵĻǾǷླ۷塣Ȼ֮䣬Ȼűʵ߲ɱɱླޱȣײԽ׶սѹǻʿӲҪ˵еʣͬˡ
һɱԪն಻ڻ¡
ƶ֮Уĵ֮ԴԴޱѪΪ֮ѪС
ıԴ֮עС
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ںУƿٳ磬˿̣е֮糱ˮӿ붦С
ԴԴϵ֮ڶбãΪһɫķģϽһգۼ䣬ͽ嶼һڣΪһ̥㡣صķġ
ƶѾﵽתļޡҪʼĵͨ
廯Ϊ̥һ˿
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˿̣֮˵ټ򵥲
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Ϻӳ
ûгɣһ䣬һ챦ӡ۵˲ȥϺӳ̥Ĥͨ챦ͨзĶʡʮ졣
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ĵͨӡ
ϸ鿴öӡ漴Ϳһһƺ״ơһɫѪ

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Ҳ֪ûд£಻ʱǿҪ
Ҳ˵д·
֪е
жϷࡣ
ҹŵ۾Ъڵ۾𷣡
൱ȿ
ܽǱȻд·µȣ֮Сƽ˵便ʲô
۾Ʋ⡣
࿪˵
Ҳûгɣһ֪߳е
뿴ϵ
ص˵
̧ۿգͫһٴס¹⣬ߣ׾ͿеڿĵһۣѾı仯
Ҫδʮ壬ѾֳԲ¡»Ũȱƽʱ
ص³һ
ؿǳӦй켣һֱ䶯ͻᷢ췭ظĴ䡣΢̽飬ҪǼŨ»֮γɵңǴģĵ
дһ˿أ˵
ʲôǿɲͨı˵컯òľ飬Եָ컯Եħ֡
֮еľ
ң΢Ʋ⣬ֻǸտʼѣ۵һֱ仯̫ǡǳ֮һһ罫ᷢ췭ظĸı䡣ɵӰ죬޷
٣Ҫˡ
˵


1483 ̫
ǰҪˡѾϣƴ̫ǾǵһϯĴ١Ͳ֪ʣ¶õʱ䡣
ɫأ
գʱƣѾԽԽȡԽԽѹ֣·ʱᱻ
̫һɵӰ죬ԲֻǵҲȡǵĻᣬһЩ䣬һЩħֶѣµǣ̫ǻϫ
̫ǿȻϫпѶϢֽԺж󺣳ϫһγɣͻᵹ½أϵĵ½أᱻˮǣϴǻ棬ͬĩաɵƻǻԵġ
ͷ˵
֮ԻάְȣûзģɱΪĸڴ֮Уܶຣ޶޷ʱ뺣ˮ˵뺣ˮ֮мѹƣУʵһǳңֱû½صĻԲŹĴûᡣһ֡ս
ʼ֮λȡޱˡ
仹ܷѶϢ
һѯʵ
ԽԽңֳһƬ磬ǴͨҲ޷ֻƾһЩ󣬴п̽һЩѶϢѡ̫Ƕؼ˭Կ󡣲֪Уֻ£˶Ѿ֪Ҳףսһʱпܱ
ҡͷ˵
ң˭޷̽
ѾʣΨηչյսֻʲôû˿Ԥϣֻܾ䡣
ֵֻǣ̫ôͻȻ翿ǵСֻǰף˵仯ᷢйע̫ǵĶ򡣡
һĨ漴˵
̫̫ǶԶǿ֮еǳâҫǿգСޱߡ̺ܡ
۾ǻɣǣ̫ǵطֶΣ̫ǣпġ۾һת漴ҡͷ˵ܣ̫ǵй켣Ҳܺı䡣̫Ǳڷ䶯һֿܣǾ̫ǳֱ仯̫̫κһ֣Ҫ漰޷ġ
Ǳ˴߶ǶôµĴڡ
йעκζ
׵ͷ˵
ڴѾطս׽ʱǾԲῪ磬̫ǵı仯ɲΪʲôһ
ĵطʲôҲʲô⡣
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嫺̧ۿգֱӴ͸ˮе¶һĨϲɫЦãããȴѾõĻᣬҪˡͥобʣңֱʻǣڿ̫ǵı䶯
֮ѡʱ俪ţǰڳ̬ҪǣΪһѶϢЩʼѹƵĹƣҲΪ˵ȴһʱڿȻѾ
̫ǿȻҪǳϫ֮ռƬ½أ̵ʱڣͿԶǬռǵλá
ȥ½ս״̬ʱ׼ս
嫺ԥķ
ںУֺ޷׷׿ʼݷдݳѹȴԽԽŨ·ֱܽѹĴȫǱǰƽ
塣
Ȼϲޱȣ֮䣬ȴһƬأܿĶȻܻῴѾ֪һս⣬Ѿǰ
̫ϵ׷ʲô仯
һĿ̧𣬿գö̫ǡ

̫Ǿز֪жңԶǳ֮һһöǳһ嫵硣
ֻ̫̫ǣ̫̫֮֮ıԴڣʺͨ档̫ϣ궼ȼ̫Ļ硣˻棬û档Ψֻڲˮ
̫ࡣöǳһֿµ̫֣ʿᱻѪһֵסͻữΪ񣬳ʧȥ궼һ𶳽ᣬֲǣ̫ϣȥоܣһʱ䣬ͻоԽԽ̹ǣԽԽ䡣󣬲֪УѾУС
ֺǴ󲿷ʿ޷ֵġ޿ײġ
ԣ̫壬̫ϣͬ˶١
ֻһ޴¹̫ϣΪ̫˽еһ˿ϸȥܿ¹ʵ̫ˣʶ𣬾޴ڣաϣɫĹ𻨡ЩɢУһ䡣ȴ
ʢԶǸ룬ǲ֪Ѿ̫ǳ
˿̣¹£ȻԿɫĵſһڵУһƺ¹ϣһɫϼö֮ϡ
ö֮⣬ȻԿ¹֦ϣһֻֻѩ׵ϣժŸĹ𻨣ԹΪʳܸܵЩɢ»֮۾鶯ԵʮֵĻáϸȥ
Ȼʮֻôࡣ
ȥƺ˴˼ĺܻ졣
ÿһֻӵĶ䣬ܿӨѩף޳ɢ˿˿¹⡣ʮֵϲˣ˿ĵһۣͻ̲סϲáҪǱСⲻͨӣ̫á̫󣬿Ƕޡ
ˣ
ˣ
ʱһö֪Ӻδ̫ϣϷʮֻ̫ͬʱʼһ䣬ϸдݳУе⡣֪УСһ۾
дݳָɽˮ˫ɵţΪ֮㵹
ֱ˳вԸ
ȫ֪ʱš
ƺʱһ̣Ѿȫʧȥ塣
ʵ̫̫ˡ˼侹Ȼôһᡣ
ǰôôͽˡһһҹҶ塣
˼ôеĸɽˮĴôҪĻҪȥһ
ǰҪҵ˭ڵپͺˡѡ
Ȼǲ׼һ£ȥ˼俴һ硣һ˼
һֻֻ̫ߴߴľһ
У˼龰ʮֵĺ
׹Ƕ˼ĺ档
УǲܳȥҪǳ̫ǣ׳ѵġ̫УһֻȻΪ곤ԸȣȰ
ž
ʱͻȻ䣬֪ʲôطһ׵Ĵ¹¡


1484 
ʲô㣬
һֻС̫ñıĽ˹ȥʲôʱ̫Ҳʼˡ
ⲢǵȤ
ʮ壬죬죬죬ùǿ
ҲȤ
̫һʮֻҲܼ򵥣ӳһʮ塣һʮС
һȺ̫ͬʱΧһ𣬴ۿ
һȴ֣ϸͲʲô伮һͼᣬңͬ¼Ӱһ㣬Ļ棬ǾֹǷ·Ӱһ㣬Զģһ棬ĳǰĿãûж
ۣƯʲô̻𡣡
棬Ȼγɸͼ̫Ưˡ
ڿзеĳʲôٶȲ滹ôˡ˼
֣öóԵģҲҪԡ
Ưķ羰̫ҪƯ̫ˡɽ󺣣ҪҲԹȥǾʵ̫ˡ
һĻ棬ʮ˫۾ͬʱ¶ڴ֮ģȻУĸѾӿֳǿҵĺ档ֺģлΪӣԽǹۿԽ

̫ǲϿʱ»֮ѾŨ˷ָĵز
ʱ䣬졣
ÿ춼ܸо̫ƺؿһЩÿµѾΪܹе顣ȫÿ춼ڹעǹغ棬ǰΣ顣
ȻЩ죬Ҳĸ̫ܵǿĺô
Ũ»֮ؼΪԾ˵ٶڱǣӣܶʿǽͻƣΪƽʱֹǣһǿҵĳ֮С
»֮ľ֮ϣܿЩľһõϢȻȻĽ»֮ɽȥһȲĸоÿһƣܸоɢԱøǿ
Уƺʼ
ܶޣҲŨ»֮£ͻȻָƺ˶ַ˵дݳǻ۵Ĺâڵ·»֮µõѹƣϴӡ
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ﵽʮʱ
е̫ƺøˡ
ҹʱ
ͻȻ䣬ܿУһɫ߲ϴǵأ硣
ʼˡ

Ҫˡ
ʿǿĿɫߣĵ׷һȻߵʲô»еľеľ̫ǵ컯
ˢˢˢ
ܿڵϣ֪еıøӵķֵ֡ܶȻ̼䣬ɢһ˿˿ʼ﷢ɱ䡣ɱɲֻһĵطʤ漰ķΧǲ
ܿɽУһõ廨ϣʱͿõ廨ɢһǿŨ֣֮šõ廨ҡҷϣȻֳһƯһЦӻдݳ
õ廨һǵĻľ˿
ǵ֮һΪ顣һ飬͵ӵǻۣʼϳĵ·Ǻ󣬼ڱܣʼɵɵԽ࣬Խӵĸܵеãе
ͨڵ£˲ͱǣۿɼٶȷǣ˲仯ΪǧɣдݳɢֲϢ
ʳ˻ڵ£ҡһ䣬ޱȣУƺ̺Ÿӿµա
бڻҰв꣬ԡڵ£õۿɼٶʵʣ̼ͳΪһ
ָĻ棬ϳ
֮£֪鿪ǣеĵ·Ҳ֪ٵħ֣ȫ޷ģֻҲܳΪħҪ㹻ʱпɱǿߣ֮·
һʮ꼸ֻ֮»ħߣȵΡ
⻹ǶԺӰ졣
ڣڷޣ֮࣬ž޴棬ʣһεĵһλԵ
׵۳ڡ
аնܵ߳ţվ棬ԡŵܸܵеİˣΪ֮ɢΪСǱøǿʵõı䡣
ǣ׵۳İգÿնнΪ̫֮Ϊ̫֮ײ䣬һѪⶼ˵ɱ䣬˲䱩ǡ֪ȻȻͻƵһתĲΡ
̫̫ۣ֮Ĵֱǲ˼ġ
һ˲䣬ô׵۳Ǵ
һ¶ϲ֮ɫ
˴ģĵƬҪˡ
Ůһվ԰Уԡŵ³һ
̽飬еķԽԽ󣬲Ϸ˳ڲ½طϮĸ߶ȣƽʱ˲٣ңڲӡ
÷ĳ綼ᷢǴѾطλңҲӰ첻ǣֻҪػҴվͺáħ֣ʱҲɲ˶Ӱ졣
һ˵
ڵľƣҲѾ֪ⱾؼĴơΪ˭Ըı䡣ֻѡܡ
ǰ컯һ£֪Ҫ飬ޣῪǣɱħֻ´׾ڣҲħ׼С
ͷ˵
ǴҪԵ
ЩѾ˰ţ赣ģ컯鶼кô˵յпϵĻᡣĻԵǿɲ˴
Ц
ΪƷȻô򵥵ģǣֻе֮һѣģлڵϵõѡڻʲô˭
ңѵļҲߡ
пܻѣҲпܲѡѣҲΪ
ңݼأϾѣһ㶼ЩûнϾεͨˣͨϡϵĻʾͺܵͺܵ͡
ڴ̫ڴ
ûгɡ
һ䣬ѾȻȻĿʼתһɹɷڴ󣬱ͼеת۷ÿ¼䣬кĵͼУ漴ʹɶľ
ͬʱԴԴϵķʼӿȥ
Ԫ
һ֡
쾫Ԫ֮ôȻԪȥѪ
ÿһλʿ֮У̺һֻ֮ҪҵٲϵԽԽǿֱٳ
ͺñ񺣡һ٣Ҫ۳ȪۣԪḶ́ʵڹһööȪۡԴԴϣ಻


1485 ʮ
ؼľ֮Уҵһ֮մΪһöӡٲԪѪ֮׳յȴƿǶһ̣ʱͻȻݱһ쾫Ԫ̣֮ͬô򵥵ģķѵʱ뾫ǳġ
Խ񾳺󣬹ȥʱ䱾Ͳ̣ЩȻѾҳ֮е֮Ѿ۳֡ԴԴֵʱ̣⣬ҪķѵԴʮӴÿ춼дķѪעȥ
ֹעһȥǾǳġ޷ٴλָġ
κʿ˵һּĿ顣
񣬽ܸܵöԾ˵ٶ׳̺ԽԽǿ棬ҪֱӾͿʼµԵǿ̡
һҹ
һҹ֮䣬û˯ǾܵļȡΪûа취ģɢ

ȥ
У̫ƺûмؿֻҲûԶ룬Ҳûм֡úܶవй۲ǿ߰һ
һ̫ǼǺХϫȻ֣ңʱ䣬ǰȻ̫ûмû˸ҷɾ衣
ÿڹע̫ǵı仯
ؼķΧԽԽѹ֡
¡¡
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ף»֮ôֿʼˡ
ʱиоؼ»֮Ȼڷٵӣ֮ǰҪɡ
̲ס̧ۿա
һҲ¶һĨ֮ɫͫ

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ϸգУ̫֮⣬ȻһöµңҲһԲ¡ֻǣС̫ȣȻǲֵһᣬС˴롣ȫһϡ
ڳֺΧ̫⣬ƺѲء
ƺڴ̫ǵλãܸоöµؿ
һĻͬڵһʱ䱻ʿڿ󣬶ʶŴͣ¶Ȼ֮ɫΣȻ˸е⡣
ô
ô£ǹ°£϶дҪ
ഫǰԶʱڣֹʮ̫濾أôˮȵУޱΪؿѣ֪飬Ӳ̫ɹ˵飬Ļ棬ֱ͸ĩսٺ𣬾˵ٲһ
ӦûһЩɣ٣̫һ㣬濾أܷΧ֮ڡң˳»֮δزһ¡
ˣڶöǴðġԿ϶Բ̫ǡǳֻһöԲܳö̫ͬǡ϶ʲôԾĵط
ഫʮ̫Ϊʮֻڷɳ̫ǣھ̫Դһ뿪̫ǣͻ̫ǣΪµ̫ҫ¡ڳµѵ̫ĳޡӵ̫Դ
һ̣磬һƬȻ
ͻȻһöֱһص飬غľ󣬾޷ġ
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ֻʣһöˡԣʧˣ̫ɴڣ»֮ûб仯ֻ޾ǿ֮С˹â
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ͫһȻȻת£ԿöµУܿһֻСֻ̫Դ֮ڳ
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Сʮʵ̫³çˣǵʱ͵õʾҪ̫ǣ뿪һ뿪ͻõ飬пܻ档ܶѡΪʲôͲ
죬Ͽ콫Сʮ׷뿪̫ǣ뿪̫ĸͲٱˡ
¹£һֻֻ̫÷ǵĺ
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ѪѶϢ
̫ϣǿǵ棬˭˺ǣȻ̫ĸǣһ뿪Ǿпɿµĺ˵δͳ޷Ԥˡпܻ᳹档
ҲڷСʮȥд󼱵ԭ
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ֻһԻȻһ¡һɢ»˿ѷɫζƿգǰСʮ׷Ϲȥ
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һ
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Ҹо¶½»жźã»еĺ̫£̹ǣ
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1486 ϫ
ʱ»֮˭գһգ͵ֱ̫ǵ̫֮Ǿ̫֮ͺ»֮պˣͻԹֱӶԪѪꡣ㲻֪
ҪΪͻȻʮתĻһ£ֻ£Ͳ֪жʿܶˡ̫֮ʴشǺõġ
˿ȫԿвʿ͵ˡ
˲佩ӲǴӹðһֺѪӲصģһӾͳױЩˡ
ɢ
̫һܹܵ˵ġ
Ȼ̫̺»֮УֻҪȥϣҲɶӰ죬ֻǸо¹ѡ
ôر⣬뵽ѩ֮С
ʮǴӳһʮ塣е֮仯ȫȫˡ
۹У¶̲ס¶֮ɫ
⻭ʵ޷𾪡
˵У̫Ҳֻʮȴǳʮ»֮޷գһͻˣ߻ħ̹ǡ
ɫص˵
Ѿ˭Ԥ⵽顣
ڽ֮ǰ˭Ԥ⵽ϻͻȻʮֱǸһ̫˼ˡ
УϫѾҪ𵽼£ʱпܱʮڳԽǿϫʱͻԽ졣صӰԽ󡣡
ǰĴ󺣣ڣеĺˮˮȫѾʼңÿʱÿ̶ڼˣĺˮŭ
ȫܹܵĿˮѾԽԽꡣ
һȻǾ캧ˡɵƻûܹ
һöѾӰ޴󣬸ӲҪ˵ʮͬʱɵƻ͸޷
ǴֻҲҪõֵˮ׼
ƿ˵
󺣳ϫһγɳˮǿɲǲǴŷ磬ҲȻ֮Ӱ죬׵۳ɴУûʲôͬ
һ㣬Ϊ壬˭ͺñڣѪϵʿǿߵĽǺˮˮȻǲ赲ġ
󺣵ı仯Ҳͬ뾭ܵġ
ǺˮҪû½أǴ׵۳ڣҲ⡣
壬ҲǴ׵ĵ
ڴףҲҪΪװǡ
ЩڴУʱԽãԽ̲סװագǿΪ棬ΪõŬָܶеƷ²ϸա
УҳϣŵȵȡڱĵطܺٿڴУȴܾ
֮ܵ
ԾܵȾ
˵
׵ͷ
ЩҪ˵ѾԸȥΪ̫ǵ飬Ѿרžйһγᣬһּ׵۳ɳǴݹȥ

֪ʿоؼѾ׷仯
У޶ˣƺںϣһƬžУݶʧˣƺѾ鳲ЪˡУҲ
ѹ֣
ɢһױȵѹ
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д˵ܹɱڣȲء̫ǾͿ϶ֻҪҵܹ࣬εΣ
̫ò̫ǣ̫ǿ˿赲ֹ̫̫ͣãȫлֵֹܳģԵЩ̫á̫龳֮޷֣˭ɱǡ
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̫õݣȻЩǿߣֻǣ񣬴ܱӡѹƵģ޷Ҫ̫ó֣û龳֮ϵʵº츳ľšҪɱ̫ãеôס
龳䣬ѾԳ֮ΪɣҲ޷
ǲࡣ
֪УһҹȻš
ڶ죬ֻ̫ʮöҲ䣬ҹ棬ؼȻɣ˭޷׸ģ̫޾ǿУҲҪֹһ˰죬ϵ»ȻȻ䲻ֻ̫ҫķ
ҪΪЩ̫þͻֹͣǰ翿ȵҹʱͻ֣ᷢٴξøˡ
ȻϽʱ˶֣ʮѾøˡ
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ˮ񷭹һ𣬱һͬľ޴ЩһڴϿջصһԵĿ־塣
ϿգŮһվڵ۹У棬ɫԵøء
ʮͬʱؼӰ첻һľ޴
ˮѾʼڣһεԴԴϵӰŴ󺣣󺣵Ŀ֮
ʼˡ
Ҫʼˡһֽ٣֪Ҫ˶顣
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˿̺ͨ˶ܸܵԣ͸󿪵ķˮһڷķڴУݳµ˻ˮײɵ
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ʱУȻҵĺУ˲Ϣ䣬籩Ϳʼ¡ˣһˣ
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һɣ
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1489 
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ĸںŶŮֵѰŽáиںŮɷںӡһڶУ̲סһֱеĸо
кܶߵʱȴʧȥգˮ
һĻĻĴĿģȫһ硣
ԭȵ޷ֵ󺣳ϫûˣˡǰеŬȫ֮
ʮŬͨͨΪˮˡһٲ
ڸߵϣһģһޣڷòһ˫Ŀݰ״죬üޣϸէۣףɫǹһɫս˭Ҫ˵һһԱ͵ս
л٣ǹտңһ֮ʮֵ˵ãǶ֣УǾǳ뻯
ںʱ;ۼһһ塣һչΪǡʱ䣬׼֣ٷչǣȴû뵽󺣳ϫͻȻӲ˳ǽǽǳسûлΪһƬ
ڳеİգ˲ͳ֧飬֪ˮ߶٣ںˮеж١Ƭҵ׻һָоʹ
ʹĻǣˮ֮С
˭ܾȾЩգһԸΪţݶ顣
췢һŭ
ûһôеϣܹ漣
ˢ
仰һʱȻԿһɫԿһгƾճͷգڳϣȻֳϣ׭֣κ˶һϳ
꣡
ű򿪡
һü׵ſڣһϺȣ콵ֽ٣ʹܶѣ׵۾ϣг嫺򣬽ǰ׵۳ԸߣԿϳн⽵٣֣ϳԸ⣬ֻҪܣֹ֮гᶺаؿǣѡ񡣡
£һɫĽ˲£ߵضڡ
׵۾Ǵ׵۳ˡ
̫ˡΪһ˳Ȼûǣоˡ
ȥףҪȥס
Ҫϳ
һٺİ϶¶ϲ֮ɫϣĿ⡣
׵۳֣裬һδյľȻܻ᲻֪֪Ȼǰ׵۳ʱ޾Ŀϲڴ
ȻԴ׵۳
¶˼֮ɫ
ˢˢˢ
ɲȺһӰշ𣬿û뵽гУڸˮûгȥգҲһ֣ϡ˲˲֪˵ν
г˿ûͣ١
ǰȥ֮һ£սȥﵽгļʱ֮شס
ʱȻš
֪Уȥ
һ죬дһķ


1490 칭 Ϊ
쳹ءƺص
ϸȥȻԿУ·ܿһ޴ɽɽɢϲãϢ·һΡĸˡ޷߶ȵ״ﵽߣҲ޷֪жֳһɲǣֱӳС
ĸܵɽΰ
֮ף̩ɽ
Ŀú󣬶һʱ両ֳɽ֡
̩ɽ̩ɽ
ⲻǵɽֳɽеɽڵ̩ɽ̩ɽƺأȹഫĸΡӵΰ֮׵ĺأܹѹķɽǰ˭ʶһСɿĸо
̩ɽϣȻԿһֻ޴Ļڲϵ裬̧ۿգҹʮųĹâҹУޱȵĿȫԸоõģʮ
ڻ棬Ȼһɫ룬ɢΪ˵ơϢܿǵΪ磬ɴ񾳲Ρûͻ龳ΡӡĽ˭ӡڶԣ֮ûȫ濪սҲΪӡԭ
̩ɽ롣ء
ϹâһѾΪΣκͬһĴ󺺣ͨչֳ˶ļ⣬һͷԺ裬ݳϢ϶ʮϿ磬ʹγɳϫϯԹ졣գ̩ɽΪ²˶¡Ը֮
£Ѿһսܿսʮֲ֮ϣֳͼͨɢɫı⡣⣬Ȼһ鱦Ķսʲô֪ȻѾܿһġ
סսͬʱܸܵΪ̩ɽǿһ֮ɫżǿߵķâƺһ֣Ȼܱ֮һС
лء
ϵĻͬſڷĻʮʹͿ̿ؼ䣬գΪ²Ϊ֮¡֮
﷢һХУһʵľȻ
⻰ƺõصϿɣ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿ磬ʲôطӰ죬Ŀ̩ɽ֮۵Ļ棬˵һ
ʲô̩ɽʲôˣȻȻҪɱ
ɣǶе콾ӵоǿʣսҪɱ⼸죬ԲܷΪǺ𡣡
ʮλã޾ǿ֮ڡ磬֪жôңԶƽʱֻ̫ǵͶӰѣγֵģʮֻ̫ãǿɶǻܶһУµ£ôɱ
ǿҲǿߡܶвڿЦ𣬲Ǵ֣õϿɣѵɱ
ôģһȥ¾ûٴĻᡣһƬ֮·ľ֮·ȻϣȴϣԳɹĳϫ²ɵƻʵ̫ˡҪɹǾǹ
ʿ壬һ̣Ŀ⿴̩ɽ֮ۡ
˭û뵽壬ľٶ
ȻڴϾһɹ²ĪĺôȿѣԻȡ¡
ǿԳɹ𡣡
վߣ˵
飬;ˡŮҲ⡣
̩ɽΪһо콾˵ؾ̩ɽ֮Уңʾӵдս塣ڴϣ޾˫ˣҲڴ֮ϣٸԭһصĺӣһʵѾﵽ񾳣ǣӵжļ츳ڼϣ賬ȺʵʮǿᡣΪ֡վڴϣͿ޾ºķֻҪԸ⣬ԴԴϵɱĿꡣռΣһ˿ɵǧ
īѩ˵
Ȼ̩ɽİȻǳ嫺򣬿Ȼ໥ϵķһЩϢ鱨ǿ໥ġţȻ᲻֪ңĽ̩ɽȻӹעһЩ
Ҳҷе콾֮壬޳ɶ𣬷𡣻ħ档һɳȥƿ𣬳ɾͻҪǴʯ٣֮ض
Ҳ˵
Ƿе콾ǽδǿߡ
⣬Ƕǿߵӡ
к֮˵Ѿ֤̫ҲǿġҲ⣬ֻܲû˭Ԥ⡣ֻܿǵʵ㲻㹻
һ˵
ûյĽ˭Ԥϵ
գõҲͨĹ鱦ңһԵսڣп֮ȻͬСɡ
Ͳ֪սжǿǻսжϬ
Ȼ˵ʲôȻ
һ̣Ŀ⣬ȫ̩ɽ֮ϣ̩ɽĿ⣬ͬ
ȣ
̩ɽ췢һϺȡʱۿɼٶȿʼǡ
ȫԼʮɣʮɵĹգۼ䣬ʹﵽǧɸߡ׻ˣͬʱһϢٴԾٶȱǡ
ϡ񱩣
˲䱩ǡ
ϢֱӴ񾳳ͻƵ龳ɢѹ糱ˮϯķ
󣬻ûֹͣóһöѪɫĵҩֱӽС
漴ٴαǣ⣬ͻȻһѪɫܸ֡ܵڵѪڷķ
ҩȼѪ
ںʱ쵤ҩ˵һ챦ֻһԵģ׵ȼֱͻһ磬Ȼֻʱģȴڹؼʱ̣ŤתǬΨһǷõҩ㲻ҲѪݣشܳһʱ䡣

̩ɽһȣһ̧빭ִڹ֮ϣϣȻһֻڻϣмöʯͻȻ·ע
ޱʯʯռ䱦ʯ鱦ʯ
ͫһֻϣöʯޱʯе֡ͬʱҫŲͬĹԡ̩ɽǿ
ֱע뵽սС
ܿ빭һ㱻
£¡
գۼ䣬빭
ƣ
һţϻҫڻУٻΪһֻ޴սͨҫųҵ⡣


1491 ׷
ͬиָ챦Էһиıܼӳ֧סƿյΰչֳ޾â磬ϴģһսףΪ¡鱦սס
֪
ӲҪ˵ı
Ϊеֱĵϡ
ڻΪսͬʱȫܸܵϵϢͬ񾳣ﵽ龳ߵĲΡǻΪսͨɢ⣬һʿ˲ճɻҽҶʣ¡
ʮֵĿ񱩡
ϡ
ǻѵһϣݻֱУңκӵоǿʵȫķӳ
ľһ֧ս
ƣ
սֱսϣ̩ɽзһϺȣ׼еԥ˲ɿŹҵָ
ಣ
ɿһɲǣȻԿ׻ڻϣ̩ɽսޱʯ
ʯӳֵ
ռ䱦ʯĿռ֮
鱦ʯǿ֮һ̣ڻϡ
һ̣ĸоԼǿ
һֿԽնض䴩ΰǿеţ˲䱩ǵ¡塣
ȥˡ
֪ܲ
ÿ죬̫ˡǼγɵһֻ޴Ļˡô󣬺貵ļ̫Ưˡ
ҵ죬һжǿֻһۣҶоһʱĸоķâ۾ʹСٶȿ쵽۶׽й켣
ʿ̲סͫǾоһĿ֮
ǸƿգǴнԾռ֮üƿʱٶѾﵽ¡쵽˼顣·ǿռ䴩Խһȴ˿貵⡣·һֻĻչ衣ķ
˲Ϣ䣬ƿرݣ޾ǿ֮С
ƣ
һķУſϷ·ֻ䣬սٶȸ죬ÿһ˲䣬Ǽ
޾ǿ֮Уʵ̫ˣ޷ľ룬ƺǺԶʵǾ룬ʿе֡
˼Ϊ˽죬ıѾãľ룬ҪսȥҪִǰһ޴⣬ֻ»ûеִս̺оͻΪУһա
λռ䣬ʯʯǿս㹻ƿ֮ռ䣬սٴգֱӶ鱦ʯȴֱܹĿ꣬ΪսָжǿܹҡͬһСĵ
ؼ֧ǻġ
пգйâ˸̩ɽϣ̫ļɣǷ豹棬عֱӵ뾫׼
뾫׼棬ΪһеˣɱˣǼڵĸ塣һмɣû̫塣
һ򷨣ڼϣͬá
ܿҵļ
ҵļ㹻죬㹻ǿǾҪ޴ɶ㣬ܼС
Ϊϣô
𽿪ѯʵ
޾ǿ̫Զ˭֪ж೤ڼ̺δֱӵִǰܣǾһ̸ڵľ룬ֻδܵǻɱδʩչ
ƽ˵
Ӵ˿̵磬ܿһʮصĻ档
Ǿǣһֻ޴ĻӴƿշ𣬳ǿе׷Ϲȥ·׷ֻǣô·оľ룬û̶١⵱еľ룬޷
ˢ
ںܶΪһֻͽʱȻԿͻȻֳһöϹâһΪصķģϡܱͻȻֳһˮڵ
漴ͿٶȣȻ䱩ȿռԾҪ졣
գ֮䣬Ѿһξ롣
ʱʱ١
ͫһ³һ
Ȼһ󵽼µʱһ챦ֵ֮޷ȴڴ˿̱óһʱ٣ԭȵĿռ֮һ𡣺ȻΪʱ֮
һɲǼ䣬ʱ֮С
ÿ䣬·ܿսԲ˼ٶӽ
һֻ˳Ƿɹ
ֻ˶ǲ⣬ɱǵģܸоϴݳɱ⡣ãʮ壬ǻ̫ǰɡ
ǲܿأһϴ޾ѡ֮ǰ϶ǴˡϣѾʼˮˮû½أܶ鶼ڴˮ֮СЩǴģٿˡʮ壬ǻȥҪȻǴġ
ǰʮ壬ôˣĻǻȥҪٹִˡشѽ
һȶڳǰʮ巢
ǵ¹ҫڴϣܸͬܵľ¹ǵ۾ǿԲ׽ϵľ󣬹ۿĻ档ͬĿرˮû龰ǻ棬̫ܶɾ޴ĳֿɱǿգסĴˡ
ǣЩʮĶУ·Ǻ޷Ӧ
Ǵ˿˿Ļͻ֣ᷢʮУѾһɫ֣Ժʼոֳһᶨ
Ҫȥ˼䣬Ҫۿ˼ķҪȥѰˡܸоںңڵҡ
Сʮȫͷռݣ׵Ļ֮ȥѿˡǺĽ׷Ȱ裬Ҳͷˣ·ħһ
ƣ
ڻʱ֮£Բ˼ķʽֱӳʮǰǰʱҲ¶һ˿𺳡
ĿֻһԻĺȻһֻ޴̫ãν¹⣬һ̫Դɡ·һˮãȴԲáȫ俴
󺣳ϫ䣬죬
һϺȡ
սûκԥ˲ͳһ֮С
Ҫɱң롣
Сʮ忴ƺһĨмƺκα飬ɻ֮СţһֹĻˡ
ܿº󣬱ɿٶȣȻĿʼ½·뵽µ֮УңڵԪȻʼٵļ١ٶ֮죬
ʱ֮ôܡ
¶Ȼ֮ɫо֮Уڵ¹⣬·ˮһ㣬ϣװ׷Ҫ̫ÿ٣ǰ١ģ
Ԫ㣬ֱӾͻ֮£ҷ


1492 굶
ˮϣװ׷ʹ˳
ǻҲû뵽̺ľȻ֮ʱʩϣڵԪԾ˵ٶȱĥҪԪΪ˱ǳ塣ͻҷ𣬻ʱ֮ϣԶ֮һĵֵ֮
ټ̺ϵ빭֮ʯȻȴʼռᶨĳ̫ƿնȥ֮Уɾпµ̫ܿڻۿɼٶɢĥҪǻǻ֮壬޳̼ͻᱻᣬ䡣
ϧ̫֮£ǻ׼ܿƿյٶȣԽԽһʱֱӴӻ֮лָ»Ϊ֮壬»ΪܿһϢԴĴ룬;ƿݡ
˶¡
췢һХ䣬ͨð޾Ļ棬һ̣ȼѪȼգ궼ȼգһ̣Ϊܻ棬УٲȻһλεѩ׷ɵƾճ֣ڷɵϹճϵϵơԴԴϵŷâͬ޵׶㣬ȼյĻ泹ɽȥ
գۼ䣬ͳһա
궼ɽȥֻһ鲻
飬Ψһڡ˭ʲôޣ鲻
ڷɵΪꡣ
챦ңһԵ챦Ѿﵽ鱦һʩչųױȵķâңУͻ꣬նԪ굶ǶĴܣͨߣҪɵ֣һͻ
ķɵ֮Ȼ֪ڹؼʱ̣ʯٵɱ֮һ
ЯڷɵʼգûдŻȥ
Ϊʩչ굶Ψһ׼
ΪƷѪ⣬꣬ͨͨ׼Ϊɵһʯ١κתء
ˢ
굶ȥһ̩ͬɽͬʱʩڷɵϡ
ڷɵԲ˼ٶȣųһ貵ĺ⣬˲仮Ƴգ¶޷赲֮£ɶһڷɵȴԶûеΰȻľͱٶȡһɨ֮ǰĻֱӳ̫ǰ

СʮȻҲû뵽ᷢı仯δʲôûУӲҪ˵Ძɱƾģıܡ
굶ʱֻŴͣ¶Ȼ֮ɫħϵ۾һָ̣ͬһ˿
λ㣬ȥ̫ǡ
Сʮ巢һź仰Ƕź׷Ϲ̫˵ġ
Сʮ塣
һǿ¶֮ɫźƴ׷Ϲȥɱ˴˼ľȴʼ޷̡ʣ̫ˣ쵽ȫ޷ֹ
ֻǿ굶ֱСʮڡ
һɲ֮䣬굶ױ
̫õſʼеɣ漴ͲɢֻǣʼһûܵʲôˣǷɵƿ˿ڣҲ̼ϣȴҲûκ겨
廹һ߱ʬ塣
̫õ̫ã̫ǱԴϵѪҲûնеϵ̫Ļ£ɴڡֻʧȥʼȻ׹ȥٶȣǰҪ
ɢ¹УȴҲоϢݳ䣬¼ŵϢ
ʮ壬ʮˡ
ҪΪʮ屨𡣾Բʮװȥʮ廹ôСôȻôˣǻ̫ɶˡ
Ϊʮ屨𣬾Բʮװȥ
Ŀʮ屻굶ն֮ʮֻ̫ͬʱ۾ɵĺһֳ޲֪ӿͷԺС޲ֱɱ磬ΪСʮ屨
ȥǻ̫ǣȫʮĳ𣬲ܲҲʧȥǡ
һҧеˮȡ
ʮ֪ǵʵҪ磬ҲȥľͲֻһʮ壬иûȥðΣռǰ
γ׷ʮ壬ҪʮȥʮѾˣ׷ȥѾû塣
ߣʮѾʧˣûƿأʮ᲻ϵĳǰǣ̫Դ˭ֹˣʮĳʮԼͿԱ
һһת̫Ƿɻȥ
ʮ壡
̫Ҳ᲻ѣת̫Ƿء޵ӣѾĵ¡
Щ˵ʵС
ֻʣֱΪۣ굶նһֻ̫õ꣬ʹһö䣬ֻϧûоȫûнݻ٣ڳ
̫ʱ鷢ϲõź
̫ˣˣһֻ̫Ѿˡ
ɹˣʮֻ̫Ѿʼ뿪ˣҪ̫ô̫ˣεҪôֻҪǷ̫ǣ󺣳ϫͻȻȥٺºˮû½ء
쿴ö׹䣬ڲϵĿҪǣֻӵĿ£󺣻ӿֲĳϫ
˱ϲ֮ɫ
ʮֻ̫÷̫ǣѾЩ̫ãڿһ׹ʱָоʱ˶ˡ
Ǹо޾Ŀ־塣
ǻʲô
ط췭ظı仯öУ̺̫ǵ
öȥĻô
̧ۿǿգѯʵҲ¶һ˿ǡ
ŵ׹䣬ᷢʲô˭޷
ˮʼˡöƺ˹â
пգʮöԶȥܿ½صĺˮƺڲϵˣȻǵȥž޴õġˮķӦֱӵı֡
ɢ¹⣬Ȼе»ڻ֮Уţҫֻǣ׹䡣ƺĿصӰ죬
䣬ȴоδˣƺûбİȫӵĿֲ£пµΣǱ棬ʱпܱԵƻ
ϣֻҵĴ
Ժһͷ
ˢ
ʱһεѹ糱ˮϯأϡ
鲻Ĺڵأǿҵľη
̧ۿȥУһֻɫƾճ֡УеֻǱ飬еֻ޾ϣϣ˿Ĵڡ

ڵ۹У˿ûݵ˼Ǵ˳֮ݵλ¡Ծηʵǿߡ


1493  ħս
ۣ֮ѵɱõϿɣҪʩʹôޱ߹ôʿĿãૣ̲ס¶Ľ֮ɫ
һ£磬飬йһĹ¼ǻﵽʲôΣû˿֪޷ġ
ߣ̩ɽţȴˡ⹦Ҫô㡣
ʿ
ŵȻǴϲ£˵ô졣
Ŀ⣬ͬʱ̩ɽۣ̩֮ɽϣֱһ졣
ˢ
֮۲ûЩĿƺһǿգֿһ̩ɽȻ䣬ɫƾնһס̩ɽһǿա
ǹ½⡣
Ĺ̩ɽڡʱͿ̩ɽԺ󣬳һ֣нҫɢһϢһаֵĸо»壬ͬʱܸоڵΪ磬ڲϵƺҪ龳ɱ䡣ӴĹ£䳹װڡ
·Ϊһ޴Ľ𵰣ô̩ɽ֮Уȥû뵽̩ɽ֮ڡ̩ɽ֮ʧ
ǿУһƾճ֣ǵ飬һɫĹû֣֮ûڣ˿̣嫵Ĺ֮糱ˮӿ֮УֻͻȻɢ꣬ȻۿɼٶȻָǣȻۡ
ֻŻǵۣٴλΪһֻлָȴûлָ嫵Ĺ֮УȻ䣬һƾճ֣һֻͨ
ûгɣֱӴӴĹ֮ͶֻС
ĶֱͣЯޱ߹½ֻأңֱЯתת塣ĳɾڣȻ֪ӡ˼δؽ̤ض̨֮ϡ
ʲô˼
̩ɽ̩ɽ֮ڣƺչ֮УĻתͶ̥ˡҲһĽͲ֪Ͷ̥ת󣬻ʲôȻǽһ𶥼ǿߡ
ܶʿĿã¶Ľ֮ɫ
̩ɽ˵ȡ£۹½ǶȫпܣҪΪΪͻƵĻǿ϶׾٣ʲôؿ谭ڹ֮ǰƿʵȻӹɣȻһ𶥼ǿߣͶ̥תӵк£Ҫǿ
ҪЯת֪ٴܶĽ顣
Яת
ｱ֮֮ȴûֱʧ
Уɡ
һεȻȻĳԺС
ش٣ҹͨʮ֮ħս֮⣬壬Կǰսսڽ򣬿ɷɽӣ岻ַʮӡ⣬κǿߣԿɳ֡ǡ
дݳѶϢ˲Ϣ䣬ԺУСޱȡ
ѶϢݺֻɫ漴Уѹ֮ʧҪԺеѶϢΪոֻǴ
ʧ¶֮ɫ
ħսҪˡڶξ뵱ûж꣬û뵽ʱ֮졣ʮֻ꣬ʣʮʱ䡣ҹһֻ²һһαȻǲǰһսֻ»ޱȲҡаħΪֹĿ
ʮֻ꣬ʮʱ䡣ʮҪս
ȻûǿһҪȥʮȻĲޱȣңӡ彫᳹״򿪣ҲܷӡӰ죬жǿ߶Ļǣеսನ˵ͻܶˣ˲ءð磬ǽȥɱˡ
ħս˵һΣħսϿǳֺܶĻԵӣֻҪμսܵӣûк֮ǣ˵սҲǵһλԵ
ʮ꣬Ҫú׼׼һսûлȡôһΣԲܴᣬһҪ塣
У壬ʿ¶˷֮ɫ
ȻҲеǣڣҲħսĿ˵ܴлȡԵõ춯صĺô
Դħսո¶ͷ֮һ·ͻͽʳٵ۳ֱЩ˵ħսйء
ȡĺô޷
ʮ꣬ħս
һĨ䡣Ĵ¡ħսǴطҲҪǰңһΣЯǰУеıпҪ׳롣ڵսԣħս̨
ȥ֪ͨǰд󳯻ᡣ
漴
ǣ
˴Ӧȥ

嫺
һȻȫ嫺С
£ʮ֮ǿ߽ҿӡԺƵĳ֣֪ǲҪȻһ
ة࿪ѯʵ
һҪ
嫺ԥ˵󺣳ϫޣʱɱ½أռǾռݶ٣˴ʱܴܻҪô˻ᣬԴԴϵĹĵ̡һʮ֮ȫսͿռȻơˣнˡ
ڵľ棬ռݵʮԡ
󺣳ϫһȥ½ϵһйȫ塣ɢúܹѸ½أҪûгϫҪɱ½أֻ£Ҳһ׵飬ܵĵֿǰδеǿ
Ȼܷڵơ
Ϊ̫һֻʮֻ̫ǣ󺣳ϫ᲻ϵˣץʱ䣬ܵռݸλȡĽ򡣡
嫺˵
һſ˷ӡҲ˵Ͽ˵ľٶȻ֮˭ᷢʲôʲôĺ
һΪ
嫺̧ۿգ¶һ˿

һΪ˷档
ͩУһ

һΪ档
ɽҲĻ
ʮ꣬⽫սսʱ̡

˵У壬ǿ߷׷׿ʼΪ˼ħս׼ǿپۼıȴսʱ̡
ڴС
ȥһһʱ䳯ųиʱ֮УѾ
۾ݵ
ӭ۾۾޽
һ֮
жڵϣӴ˵ոݵѶϢλضѾ֪ĺʮħսٴοεսǼ򵥵̽ҹȻǲϮԣһΣעһҵս
һΣҴȻ壬ǲżȻѣһΣ۴㣬״󲿷־ǰսһֵҹҴ׸ţսϣõֵ
ûгɣ˵˳


1494 
ħսȻޱȣ˭ȥпУսɱû˭ܹ˵һԱ֤ȥһεħսһ򵥵̽˴˼䣬ֻһϷѣһβͬѶϢÿش٣ȻҹϮʱ̡
ɷ֮ҹ֮䣬˴˿ͺ˴˿໥صħս໥صĿռ䡣
򿪱˴ͨѶȣ˲
Ȼÿһش֮ʱħսȻʱ̡
ǰħս飬ȺȻû顣
顣
ǰһ˵Ҵ׾Уķ޾ţȸţųɽȱľţħ¾ɣĴųɽѾоţֻкˮųɽȱģɫţɫɫɫɽȱġʮФţսѩãߣųɽȱߣŰٻѻţÿһʮʿгɽţһŰǧ򡣡
֮ħսʮʱ䣬ʮУӦžȫҴײȱʿˣȱǶսսĴ󽫡ֻҪʺϵĴ󽫣ȫʱڣţٳɽ
ִƾ󡣶ھ֮£Ȼָơ
߾ţ峣ξųѡĽʿȫ֡УԷǹΪҪ߻ü̺߽ڹؼʱ̣ɽɱ̿Ͱ㣬ǿƻһ֧רΪɱֶڵľţͬںڰеĶһŻ˲䱬һ
ʮʿȫǴڽʿѡֻ֡ҪռΣ֧߾ŵսֱǺšõķǹƵķǹΪ߾ѻǹƻǿ
Щţ˵Ǵ׵۳гɽƵĴжսľšԹΪȻ֮пɲֻʿÿѵǳפѪ֮ϣػ߽ЩԹΪر
ħսϴĴǧڴκУȡ׵۳һֽʿڣ׵۳ǼڲᣬӵоľѾһڶࡣ
ʽŵĽʿܵľʮ֮һʮ֮ţѪִͬʱȷų˺󣬵һʱܹ油ȥнʿнܵѵľ飬ڸţֻҪ油ȥͿԵһʱγսĬ⡣
顣
ڼ׵ͷͬҴߵѾգϰڣδ˿ڣԽԽ࣬УҪҳһϸĽ죬¡Ȼƾ֮УҲԴѡһЩʵĽ٣Ի㣬磬˾һ١ѡ㹻Ĵսḻš
ƾоһƣܿһЩײľ١
ҲãǲԻȻˣǾ;١ٸξУھóһ³飬粻˳١Ҷ˵˵νС
׵ͷȫžҲǺбҪ顣
ӴıԴȱٵֻǺϸ߶ѡ
٣ѡεľսս־ʵԡûй˵ʵ޷ھͳʿԷڣûԣ޷ͳսսʤ֮һ֮ףԵӵжս̸ֽȻҪá֮٣沫ɱվʤѡ˲š
Ƴ忪˵
ײ̸ֽͳһǽʿǵڿЦ
Ҫ֮Уɱˣ罫ٱȶ֮Сں߶ս壬Уһһ໥Ծսĳֳ໥ȶѡһһɱȻٽݣͳսۺϣٴѡڵս
ڼйâһ漴˵
ⷽ߶սпˣԱңԸֱ۵Ŀ˴˵ı֡ϾԵԵɱս
顣
Ⱥ۾һ漴ͷͬ
ܲٲʲô©
߶սͳΪ׵۳ܲɷֵ֡ÿ칤֮࣬ϲһ䣬һǰĻҪ𱬣ӵ档߶ս壬Ǻܶÿ춼ս
߶ս壬УһϷ磬棬ķӳϵر˽ɱս
УѾݱɼֲһģʽ
һ֣һһ
ڶ֣
֣塣
֣޹Ҷ
֣ս
Уľǵ֣ս˫ˮԻԷˮΪʤΨһڿʼǰԹ滮ʿ˫ӵͬǮƣеıָͬÿֱҪѵǮҲһѡ֣ܻöʿͿԵѡű󣬽Уͻ֮ǰӦʿͳЩ໥ɱջƶԷˮ
⵱УǶ෽ʡ
ûӦľ²ܣȻǲġ
ȴõĿ֮ء
׼
׵ͷֱӴӦ˳ɿĺһþ³̣ȷյĿ˹ֻҪвܣ۲ʹͣһӦȫ
ֻҪ㹻࣬㹻ǿս֣ǲȱʧһЩųְλרΪٴδžкβɡ
սӶࡣ
֣Ҵ׽ʿҪǿսʮ֮ڣǷɡ
п֣ѯʵ
۾ģЩ΢칤ͬѾоõģѾ˾տõһЩĵر໥֮ѾҪӽɹһɹͿԴԴϵģһɣӵԡ
һŵǰһ˵
Ŵ׽ʿʵԽԽǿѾʼ̭ˣΪĲϱϾơﵽһκ󣬾ͺټԣ칤УΪ֮׼
ң칤ʿѾƳһȫµսΪԶһͿԿװšΪսɱ
ּ˵
³ʦ칤һսɱ
Ȼһǿҵš
ţֻҪ󳹵Ϳô׾еʵһڡ
ܺã˳֮ȫȫ±ģٶȣʮ֮ڣɡ
׵ͷֱ
ѾҪ󣬶
ǣ
ֹϵĴӦ
ʮ֮ɣ˵ȫûѹ
ھԿ԰쵽顣
µıģѾҪɹڲֻһЩ΢ĩСڶѡ
۾ʮ֮ڣײټţһеħս֮㡣
м˵


1495 
Դ׵ҪǼţ˵ͻᴥ嫺ĵߡʱ򣬻ᷢʲô˭˵򣬱ҪǰħսһУʱԺ󣬺οѪɿԴԴϵļȡʬѪ⣬ֻҪžͿԡ
ȵȫһԵȫͷſ
ʱֱһƬ

ڣ弴⣬ǿ߳ûҪСĽıҲδľͳȫֻҪԸ⣬еֶοƹ
Ծƶı֮
۾ʥȷʵ澲涯
Ƴ׵ͷ˵
ħսȻҪȥǾ͸׼ȫҪãսʣҪɴʮ׼ʱ䣬ҪҴ׵Ĵȫҵ콫
еͷ˵ս޲ʤͬҪħսϣҹ֮Уɱպ
󣬴󳯻ɢȥ
ڶ졣
һʥּ׵۳ڡ
ٵ飬ֱʥּ¡
ڣϢĴݣǿ쵽޷һֺ󣬶̶Ƭ̼䣬Ѿ˲֪˲ʱһƬȻ
׷
̫ˣ٣۾Ҫˣ־Ҳһԣգȴᣬμӿƾ٣ܷӱھȻ٣̫ˡұжԵͶɱУΪףΪսɳʬҲڡ
һӷһЦ
ãȻҽĳ򶼱ݻˣ׵۳лһ·٣ζܴҵһδûᡣ
ֻľϣ½һɳУ¶˷֮ɫ
ǳг׵ģһͱ׼Ĵ׹ԱǼǻ켮գΪ񣬲ڴУûΪǰݶŴһͬʣְʣǰؾѡȨһġ
ûʲô
ȻҪôȥ뵱ȣ׵۳̨Ĵչȭ֮أپõһݾֻҪܴӱȻԲ׵̨
ˣڴ׵۳У֪ж١
һ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ܶ඼ѾʼɳһҲ¼׵۳ˡһ𣬶Ϊ׼
ʥֻּºͻС
٣ƳоУǼᣬͳһ
ò˵٣ǣġ֪ڵȴλᡣµ׷ǰƳǡȻƳǵӿٶˣҲɡ
ܶڿƾûֻɱˣҲӿֳϣͽУܶǿ߶׷ѡμ١ͽȣ׾в̨

һμš
У磬໥󺣳ϫʼȥÿʱÿ̶кķ޺䣬׵۳ڵ򣬵ʬȻϢʧȫѪɣȻѪȴûмšŵĲƺͣ͡
Ҳ֮䶼ǰһҪǴ׵۳ŵĻ˵ʵڣ嶼֪ҪζԴףˣɴûҪΪµĴ㣬Ҫ׼ţǾʹǵĵߣڴֹͣţҲţлзִģûΪչ˼ɡ
ԣҲԼͬĶԴײᡣ
ֻҪײǾ㹻ġᡣ
£ٵ˳С
Եսȷ

졣
Ժڣ࿼ƼǿƾٵĿͬٵĿ
ĲοߣѾѾڸɳвɸѡѹȥ󲿷֣ϾûʵǰμӣҲǴͶѣȫ˷ʱ䣬˷Դԣһʼˢȥ¾ųɡҪȻģԲֻǰѡǻࡣ
¥ϣڼ٣Ϊ٣ˡ
𣬿׷볡֮
˵λ볡ʱѵչԺ֮šڼ䣬׼ڱ׵۳һ٣ʽʼ
λ׼֤ͨѶɨ׼֤ţȻԿͨͨοˣнСϣλܷӳɫȡӦеĳɼ
ڣʽʼ
ؼ򵥵˵һ飬ЩڿǰѾ֮
ܿ죬п׼֤ͨѶǰɨ󣬸ԵͨѶֱӿͨǰͨһ䣬Ѿȥ֮С
֪ϰУжٶս
ڵ۹УСٻȤ˵
Щ׵۳ѡĽܳ˲ţĳһ棬Ȼų˵кʵ˲űȻǿ϶ġΨһҪȷģǵʲô̶ȶѡ
еȻһЦ
а˿ڲμӣѡšѡγ˲š
ѡξʲô
ѯʵ
Ըʵͳ㶨
ƽ˵ٵһЩ˵һ顣
ʵܷΪʮ֡
УΪ磬֡
ʵսķ֡
ʣ֡
Ϊܺ۶ϣҪõ֣ʵﵽླ֣ͼһ֣ϾȻҪϾûдﵽĴ׾УûʸͳΪͨʿѡ
Ϊʵսؼģռķֻ֣оʵսܼǲʵ
ͳҲΪʮ֡
Уξ֡
֡
ʤ֡
Ҳʮ֣ؼʤռ֣˼ֻһǾǣһбһξնΪ˷ֳʤڡξôôգӮˣǾҪġʤΪ߿ܡϣһй̶ҪҪ˭ʤ˭ܡ
ֻжʮܴ֡ӱġǾǴҪ˲š
ңֿУκһֻҪͣ׾Уһϯ֮ء
࿼ʱŮҲûԥͬʱС
ڵռ䣬ڶûʮʵеһУʵûκ
ȾеǵԵıȶ
λķʽС
߶սУпУʮαȶÿαȶ汻ɱڱҲκӰ죬ֻʧһѣÿһαȶ۷壬ʲôսӰ졣ʮαȶУѡĶ֣гѡ
ƥ䵽ĿҲпƥ䵽׵Ķ֡ЩУף˵һ֡ʮսҪʮԶǿߣ˵Ҳܼ
ЧȻʮ־ˡ
ڵһʱ䣬ƥ䡣
ٿռС
һ߶սĵΡֻڵԵĶսУûĽһԲεĶսƽ̨ԾʩչһУսֳͨ
ϰͬʱʼս


1496 ɱ
ٿռУʮսƽ̨
ڼ죬Ҫͬʱ۲жսһʮѵ顣ңԿͶ򣬷ֳʤΨһʽһɱκδɱԵͨսʩչ
ֲҪ⡣
ԣڶսһʼܿÿһƽ̨ϵսüΪĲҡȫҪ;жͣ˿˼İΣ
ͨսʩչ
ÿһ̨ϣǾʷ׳ʡ
һ̣עٵģɲֻǣдһɳеཫ춼нйۿʢ£Ͳǳе飬οѡĻδͬţȻʮָȤûʲôܱڸֱӵ˽ⷽʽ
һ۳ٿռ֮ϣһۿš
Ȼȱ֣ȱǿߡģȻûΪͼʮʱ䣬ԴߵһѾΪס
ľ¶֮̾ɫ
ʲôԴڴ׹ٷǻȡʲôԴ߿˵֮ͼѾʲң˻ǳˣҪǼ׹ٷԤһͻͽԣڵʵ⣬ȴܴпܶණ
ԻңҪȡԴֻҪҴƴԳΪǿߡͽ֮УֻҪлԵеǣܻȡԴ١Լ߳ǿߣʵսϣߡ
¹ӢҲͷ˵
ܶ࿼չֳʵ
һЩͨսǰһʮ־ޡ
ңǽӣܻᷢġ
뿴һλƺȻﵽླǿɱԣչֳܿ¡
ʱͻȻָһ̨
ֻ
̨ϣһһֳսĿɱһǴеĸʮϬÿһ׵硣磬ң̺֮һ׹սš
׶սӵ£ǣƻǿһս˲šϧΪвָ࣬ǿ
Ŀãͫһ˵
µĶ֡
ֻһѪɫս̨ϣûжһ£һƬѪ⣬һѪɫսƾո֡սϣȻԿ߸Ѫ֡
ɱɱɱɱɱɱɱ
߸ɱ֣սɱȻƱֱ˺һУɱ·̺ſֲɱ¾־˵ɱˣɱħɱħ
ǰ棬ɱɱɱ
ɱ
£ɱֱӳŶȥںսײʱһɱ⻯Ϊնȥֲɱ⣬ֱӱԷ֣·һɲǼ䣬ޱѪ֮У궼壬оѾ
ƺпֲɱš
ߣɱ
Тߣɱ
ߣɱ
ߣɱ
޵ߣɱ
ߣɱ
Ϊߣɱ
һɱֱӳ꣬һֱӻģƿ־
ۣ
սĴ󺺣˲һѪžͱɱϣķѣ顣ֱ䣬Ȼֻⳡȶܡ
Ȼ޵ɱ
ͫһ¶һ˿Ȥ֮ɫɱɲ˭޵ģһ߽ȥнˣңؽѪȷ磬߹֮ʬɽѪһλɱĽسʱڵɱѪɱ¾졣
Ǻš֣ͿֹСޡ˵
·һ·û뵽·
Ƕϴݹ
кԥ˵
ǣס
ǺȻ漴һѶϢѾкŮǰ
ֲ࣬Ϻܼ򵥡
ңǰ׵۳嫺ɱǣ׼˳󺣳ϫ£ɱǱݻ٣õгףھγǡΪླ꣬ɱ򡣡
֣ȻС
ŮҲ¶֮ɫ
ѹ֣ԭ֮ǰҲһֻ֮α󺣳ϫݻ٣ѹΪླ硣ԭΪ֮ףǷסΪЧ
ͻȻ˵
Ϊ֮ģһ£׵ĳˡٷѣ⼸Ǻ̬ܳ顣ͺñʱڵ˶ȴǽ輦
£Ȼ˴ףҴףӵǵ̨ǻȥֻ˵Ҵ׵̨ɲǵıȥкηҴף̶Ѩ
ƽ˵
ΪȾҪӵһ㹻ǿ࣬ԼӹءĻ󺣣ӵд󺣡Ļ£ӵ¡
ңҲǰ̵ӡ
ɲͨˣʷ¹Ũīزʵһʡ
ңֱңžŻƻˣĩũ䣬ԳȨĽߡ
ƶͥСǿŸС⣬档죬һ߱Ըң򱧲ƽΪ˼䣬֯ũ壬ڳɶȨλº󣬿˷ٻꡢƿءʤսʮƴ꣬ڳɶλŴ˳ʱսɽʸж
Ĵ˵࣬ɱħĳƺ
¹ɱ
ڿֻ£ɱԭ֮һ
һλɱϵĹ֡
쿴˵ļǿȻһ֡
ָһ̨˵
ֻ̨ϣһսһδսսԪ۳սƵʼ죬ңÿһϬԵ
·ǻǹһ
һˣӪһĿ¸о
Ȼûʩչʲôļȴ̺żǿļ⡣Уһַɡ翣١
Ķ֣޷ֵʩչͨػɱܼļ꣬ƣɴ⬡ڵȥʱл¶һֲ֮ɫ
ֵĻᶼûУͱԶ̵ɱı
Ȼǻ١
׵ͷѾõйѶϢ
ҲһɶõսϣȷʵŶ츳
ӿֳʷ˲Ҵ֮УǿҲźҲ֡¾εѾ䣬۵⣬ȻԳΪһླǿߡ츳еǣлԵ
вĿģЩʷˡһźʿڲСȫܸоһ˾޵ʡ
ȱš
ֻǣţزۣ̫ˣûеõӦе̨õչֵĻᣬˡӢۣۣΪʲô֮Уչһ̨ܱûгɳ֮Уǵ̨


1497 Ѧʹ
ڴ׵۳ɳ⣬ŴĻҰЩҰԴ׵ʵֻҪԸ⣬δؾͲ֮ܽƽе岿䣬ȫɨɱûô
ΪʲôһһһΪλΪλǿ׾ڵ壬յȴģ֣Ӵ֮ǲݣκζţµĵӣҵĵֿǾǾԵС
ɵĺ̫¡
ûκ˵ܹһڡҰдڵĸ岿䣬ǺеĺޣЩǴаձǿԴңǿԴԴԴϣ಻ֻҪеǣ˵Ҫ𣬲ʲôܵ顣
ҪؾղսֻҪͿԲϴжһ֮ͨͨݰڽ£Ϳܲץסס
Уȱ׿ֻ֮ǿܲѡ
źܿȷʵһ˶ץסᡣܹƾʵǿڣץסڶλᣬǾ٣Ҫٴ̨Ϊн죬ֱͳһֻҪץסĻᣬǵĳɾ;ͲЩʷѷɫ
˵˲šӱ
ЩʷˣҲδزһܵ顣
ҲҲﵽͼ۷壬ͼʮ˼Ȼһ̣ڰݺᡣÿһӶͬǰ㣬û硣ң̺ͬͨ
ܿһ̨ϣһȶŮע
һʮƮݵӣһǵϢͷһ̸֣Уڰһ䣬к£ڶϣֱը·һͨ㣬ͨеĻΪһųҵĻ档еĻΪлΪµľ綾
ʱݱսлΪսնлΪ⣬ɨ޵С
һۿȥۻңһʱĿѣ
˼ӿͨӿսת֮䣬ݺᢣĪ⡣Ϊͼͼɲһ㡣
пҲԵͷȤ˵
ʵһǻ۵֣Ϊͼʣǻ۶ǳ˵ġңͼƺԶԶֹô򵥡һŲؾжû¼ͼģȷʵ˼
ңǷǷ
ЩҲֻȤѣûʲôҪռΪеĴ㣬ͼѣؼͼͼָ٣ͼӦòﵽ̶ֳȣ򣬱Ȼ
ȻҲ뵽еߵС
ڴ˿̵ĿУȴ˿׷չֳͬʵ
٣ʣʵս֮УżΪı֡
սֻһ֡ѡսؼĻǿǵͳΡܷͳһΪҪġ
Ц˵
ʵǿģԴȥ˼һͷܳɾͳȴǸӿ츳սܷӵӦԡܷӦ䣬ܷӵǿⶼΪҪġ̸ֽǲȡġ
ͬʱ£Եıȶٶȼ졣
ϰ̶̰֮ڣͳɣУѾһʱ佫Եĳɼ¼浵ǽȷ˵ķǶ١
Ȼһ֣̭
漴ͽеڶֿˡ
οˣȻͳս
߿ռΪս˫ˮΪغġʼѡԼҪı֡ı֣Դ׵۳ıΪģģңǻ֡
ǹܱ֣ȵȡ
Ȼǻ֣ͬĴ䣬ͬЧλΪ棬ֶΡǿͳ
һΣͬʮδսĻᡣ
ÿһʮλᣬ벻ͬĶֽսվʤʮνսУеһУ¼棬Ϊɼϡ
ÿ˶ѡͬȼֵĴĿѡıֱӵϵ
̣ҪȵɱҪķѸʱ䡣
ԴˣвûмۿڼǶţٵ飬ʲô⡣
Уʱõı䡣
磬һ죬ʵ֮УȥĿɲֻһ졣ʵ棬Ѿȥܳʱ䣬һݵĻ棬г֡
ֱãʷ׳ʡӦӲϾ
˿̾Ϊֹȷʵ൱˵ãڳõó뻯Գֵ̽ıڸյأͨϣϳšһսʤ
ѡɱű󣬽ս֮õ¯࣬ͭǽڣһ·ƣֱӱƽԷˮߵأǿбȶ潻档һսǬ
棬ӿֳ˾޵սۡ
һٽ
󣬾ڼ˴һԱʼۿи¼ͳսһţ־ʵսò˿İо
߸еıʿǰԵͷ
ΪıʿսϵıãȻǳ͵ģָһսۻδһսеӣȴټ򵥲ɾͿ
ڲĵĹУڼΪһЩͳսʮֵ塣ȻԽǹۿ˵϶¶ϲ֮ɫ
Щ˲ţһУǾһϸĽ졣ôٶڶľţϳôսٴδ
Ȼǿϲɺص顣
һľ˰ʱ䡣
ϰĲģȻǼ򵥵顣
֪еС
ڼվڵС
棬һ¡¼ģȻȷ
Ѧʹġѡǰס
һĨɫ
ǰУֻһϤ֣ǾѦʹ󣬲⣬Ӧλţʷ֮Уνһû뵽УܣӦܹȷʲôѷɫ֮
ǱȽİ֣˵ǳ䡣ʷ
ȻõĽ⣬Ҳ⡣
۾λνǾвɶõĽšѦʹñ֮ܣν¯࣬ڱֵãƳ뻯һֱͨʮ־տʮսʮʤÿһΣСȡʤʤʱİգʮ˵áҴ׾κһλųѷɫͳһʵ
ѦʹеһЩս۽һ֡
Ҳһֱͬ壬ȽһУƿأһ֮ս֮ϣ֮ʡѰǿűϣ壬ܽ´ƿأҪ˵ϣδرѦʹǿǱȴͼ̺ĳ֮õУ˵һɱ󡣡
ڼҲ˵
صģ


1498 뷷 
һǱʮ־˵˲ţֶϤֻҪõսϣʣõŷɥĴڣɳǾһΪµ޵ս
Ρ
пѯʵ
ñ֮ȽΪñʱʤñ֮УҳǷصһԱ֮ڡ
ڿڽ˵
ս֮УȻҪҲݺӣܴ죬һܴ죬ηأҪı֮ķ֮ʮҲûнشУǡôͺһ漫Ϊ͵Ķܣֳֵܹ
ʮԾУشǷأĶԷ֮𹥻ֱǴһѲʮսȫʤ
н˵ĶԾƵϸĿһС
˵ı֣ѡ˭ʵ顣
۾ʥã
ڼ˶һۺ󣬹˵
״ԪѦʹΪۣΪ̽΢ֱȷջǽ״ԪλýΪǱһָ֪°գֻʷ˿ԶռͷֻҪвܣŬһӱԾϡ
۾ʥ
ڼЦͬ
٣ѡĺϸж١
мѯʵ
һ٣һţʵֻҪﵽߣͨˡƫƣûͳӵʵʣҲھеһսڶͳ֮ܣǸʵ㣬ֻҪڶܻȡ߷֮ϣͳҲ߸ʤıʿְ֮ͨߣΪһǧ߰ʮһΣȡǰһߣ
˵
վгᣬǰһһͬǰ뷷⡣
׵ͷϡ

ڶա
۹öһлص
һȻЩУȻԿһԴڴ˷ܱԱЩȻ֮ǰμӱǰéһˡܸоÿһ϶Ųĳ˲Ŀ
ǰĳҲǶӹע΢΢¶һ˿΢ЦûʲôҪѹɵ뷨
ⶼҪе׾룬֮£ǿû̫ϵ뷨Ҳ治ˡ⣬δͬţȻûԵĵ
۾ݵ
ӭ۾۾޽
һ֮󣬴ȻһµķΧС
Ѿ٣ӿֳһܳ˲šñ۴ΪοŲؾ󣬿֮ľʵ֤ûдҴӿֳԴԴϵ˲ţõĻرգ۽Ϊн뷷ְ
ƽ˵ϲŭһս۴ϣȻȻɢһεϡЩ½ٿĿú󣬶İȻһ
ǿƣȻǵ۾
Ѧʹһͷ
ؼһ˳֮Ȼ˫ҲԾ̾Խӵһ˿壬η
Ҳˡ
еĴ˵ɳģ²ĥӡǡ
ڡ
ƽ³һ
ڡ
ǰһߵ룬ݼУϹϾ
Ϊ˴ٿ״Ԫһѧǳͣоͳж֮ʸִһգ뷷ΪʮФţžųλһƷִʮʿ
ֱ뷷
ԣһ̣뷷⣬Ҳɵ΢΢Ǽڷһ죬һ졣ֱһԾΪһųλһƷ֮ǰȣ˲رָоֱ޷ĳ
л۾ԸΪЧΪ۾Ч
лһ˿
Ȼܸܵкεȵļ
Ѧʹڡ
չʥּǰ
ڡ
Ѧʹ˳ܿһӢˣͦԸдһĪĳȡ
۾Ѧʹ֮У˳ڣش뷷Ϊɫ۾ţɫžųλһƷִʮʿ
ּ
΢л۾ԸΪЧΪ۾Ч
ѦʹԥĴӦ
ⱾҪõġΪ˳Ϊ׽죬ôܻμ١Ӳƴǣų֮λڴ׵۳֮У˲֪˲ͳʮѹһĴڡ
뷷⣬ΪɫţɫžųλһƷִʮʿ
˵
л۾
ͬл
ɫŸۣڸУս൱ǿᡣܳΪľͳ죬Ȼϲޱȡ
뷷⣬Ϊķ޾ţ׻žųλһƷִʮʿ
뷷ڼ
뷷⣬ȻԿһģѾ˳Ͽҵò˿ûʲô֮Եʮֵֻͨü䣬һ㻯ɷĿ֮һͬâڱĴ
ɱ⣬ȫ
׻ţɱƣ޵ɱ߱ͼΪĴ䡣
ͬʮϲûгɣǰһӦҰл۾ԸΪЧ
Уһ˿ᶨ
һɱ֮
ȺĿɢɱ⣬һȻоһ˿ɵңȶǻҪӵӡ
뷷⣬ΪоţѽžųλһƷִʮʿ
뷷⣬־ΪФţžųλһƷִʮʿ
뷷⣬źΪоţľžųλһƷִʮʿ
һ뷷֮С
ûм뷷⡣гɼߣҲ뷷⣬нУһٽаšܶʺϳΪսģҲǽС
뷷ɣȻ˽٣ֻûʱڣȴ󣬻ȥˣɿͻƽȡһδԵ
۾΢б
ʱ뷷ͻȻǰ˵

׵ͷ˵
칤ѾµɹѾƷش˸֪۾
¶һ˿˷ܵ˵Ȼµıɹһֵø˵顣

һĨ⣬Ȼ˵
ǣ۾
ֺԥĴӦгһ鱦ģǱģֳǺڰ䣬ĺڰϽ֯һֲͬһĸо
ǰ˹ȥݵǰ

н鱦Уʱ͸о洫ݳһɺ֮һɳ֣֮ȴںһң㡣
һֱģԸֲϰıԣȡΪ֣̺ԣᲢãޱȣַϵȱġ
ֿڽܵ


1499 
֣ںĵرһδ飬һδεĵղһֲϣᲢãϣںһ֮Уһ㶼ûаͻļ󣬻ԣϡ
ܺãȻԴﵽؽױĵĲΣңл̺֮ϣнɱǱʣȻʲȴҲС취гɳɱĻᡣĺãԸɳ
УѾʼϸ̽
ͭͭľڤǣľ
ڹۿУ漴͸ֳʱҪĲϣϸȥеĲϷ磬ԣҪĲϣʲôĲϣǱȽͨȽѰԺҵõġ
УСֱģ̺ơڵؽױУҲĴڣױϣԶ
аԳЩĲУѾܿһЩ
Ȼı䷽ؼģûоݣ֪ҪĲϣδܹɹ֮ǧⱾֱײ顣
۾֣ԪĴԼǿǹеǴŵЧЩϡѷɫңԸõɷĽƣԶԸĵرмǿԣʺϸԵķĸıƷԡƽʱмȡԪΪʩչʱĵķС󡣡
ּ˵
УһǿҵţȻ֣ʮֵţһΪ֮ĸо
öܷģ
ѯʵ
ɲС£һȷеĸװ»ڲϣ滻սֹ
еľս
Ȼǿԡ
Ц˵²ʱѾǵѶȣԣѡĲϣѰͨ׻ȡĲϣԣѶȣдģĽܹʱڣװ׵۳нʿ
ֱҪΪһͨڵĲϣЩϡٵĲһʼѾǵ
ңβѾ֣֣ڴ޷ʩչҪ۾λһƲ칤󡣡
ٴ˵
ãȻˣλһƲ칤󡣿칤еλܹɽΪҴʲô
׵ͷȻһЦ
漴ּ䣬ڴһռȻ֡ȺҲ⣬׷̤˽ȥ
˲Ϣ䣬ȺѾ칤
ϸȥ칤ڵλãռݵΪ˵ǸʵȴһƬ棬൱һС͵ĳǳأŴܹɽÿ춼ڽŸָоַ졣
мյķΧޱŨ
רŵרַƷ
˾ͳС

ֿڷԸ
칤оȥתܿкȻһϸȥ⹭ԭȵûֻ̫ڴСϣҪһЩֳͨڰɫͨɢλðĹ󡣱и͸¶һɱ֮
󣬱ǿȫ죬еУһһٸֻҪԸ⣬̵ʱڣһٸȥγһƬꡣ
󣬴УȻԿװһڰ
Ҳ죬ȡΪħħƼ֮һʮǿĻԡ
ּ˵˿ƶɣޱȣԼǿԳܾ޴طƹ󣬸Ӽͣ׼䣬ѡ˵ȫܹܵס̺Ǳǿƻ
ƣΪתֻֽҪ߶ƣл֮ӳڷʱÿתһΣһɵųڷʱÿת֣ȥһƷ׵ı䡣
ϣǡĿ׶ֱžʯʹսʱתֽȻתһܱԪվʯеΪתԪ߶
һЩѶϢ˵һ
ֱ̧󣬶׼ŵһؿܣһͭ޺ܡǿԻĻؿܡ
ˢ
ңܿͨ忪ʼɢ⣬ƺĵڱáһħȻϡ
漴ƿշɳΪһڰɫ⣬Բ˼ٶȣһţ˲ؿǰֱҪ
飡
һҵĺУħܶڶʱųڰ⣬һֿ񱩵ڼбԽԽ񱩣ͺڼ໥ļͻȻ䱻ƽ⡣˿ֲļҷӦֱӾһ˲䳹ը
µ֮һ¾ͽǻؿܸڡʱǿܾͳķѡΪһϸСƬֱҶûʣ£ֱӻΪСʳ촷ۡ
У
Ŀ£˶̲סһо඼һҲ
ǿƻħҲ̫ǿˡ͸ǿֱӱը֮ײʱ֮Ҹоླԣشǵ䡣ħ֮
ǿǳǿսϣĴɱõŷɥ
ֻħһʹãͻᱻݻ٣ȥĲǼǮӲӵҰ
һ
ʣǿӹɣģµġһħǣǷླĿԶǼ͵ġ
ȫпֱ䡣
ǣһԵģȥģˮһǮơ
˭ʵڣʹ
ħĳɱ̫ߣܴӡڣֻҪг֣ȫʱڣ㹻ħֵֻ϶Ҫ֮ǰҪߣң󲢲ǲʹ֮ǰԭȵһãֻûħôǿѡԽʹãħڹؼʱ̡
³ʦҲЦ˵
οȫ
УһΣ󣬻ƳȫµķըΪסҲΪƳģԶԷླ˺׽е֮߷¡
˽һֺڰɫˮԲ˳ɼˮԭѣڰȫϣǰǿȺܵǿв
ǿĴ׵۳ЩеһװУɵƻжǿ
ҵĿǰ𺳣ƽ


1500 ʮ
ħס
Щǰ־е棬ʣװк󣬶ھʵӣЩȫǿвླεǿߡླؼ䣬Ѿǿ߼ڣκʱҪͻƳΪླһ׵顣
ǽȥǧ꣬꣬ླҲɲߡ
ܴӷླͻƵԪ񾳵ģϾ
ԣЩؼսɱԤһսϣ˴ôǿ𺳡
һ㣬ңһ֮˲ף׵ĵ̵жôǿıҪУһ˵ǱԼСղΪ׶óʾ˵ġȴ׼װ׵۳ľнʿ
ĽʿҪǶʹֻҪһ룬Ƕÿ¡ͬȱϣǳ׵ѹ
ףˡ
һĨ⣬аһͷ
ǿߵ̨ףһ˳֮
ҰԳ
̫ˣ־Чҵĵ۳־Ҳ૵
ӱող׳еˣǰȻڴ׵ҳϸһ֣еľηԽӵֻ̡н볯ã״׵ĵжǿġ
һס
ʾ
ǡ
Ҳûгɣе׳Զһ޺˹ȥ
飡
ڿʱö׾ͳױըΪֲǺڰ⽻á漴ܾͳ𣬻ΪУҶûʣ¡ըǵķΧ㽫ܱһﷶΧڣȫǡⷶΧУ׵֮¡
֮ǰķըֹһֱʮֹ
öǺöıսϣ֪ΪǾнʿסǹӵأ
ڼ̾ͬʱ³ʦ͹ֹ˹֡лΪ׽ʿĹס
۾뿴ն
ּóһս
޳ʮֿţսסг˸ߣΪɫΪɫ˸˿˿â
漴óһǰеʽսսģһģֻĲϲͬѡ
ֳһսһӵնսײ¡

꣡
һĶ
ϸȥײʱԭȵʽֱӾʹбնϡ·Ƕ㱻пսȴ˿ûа𡣵ɷޱȣ˸ķâ
õ
ҧǰǿսУ̾ǺõսҪװУսǼֱײֵܽıնϣֱնƵ˵ãʵ̫ˡ
Ǳ飬ֱǰ֣ϵĸսͺڸԼİһ˿жһ񺮣Ҳϲսɻûе̶ֳȡ
ܺã³ʦ빫䰮䣬Ҵף˫֮зʹ£Ҫ´սڣţ׾кܿͿɾеĸ滻ڴҵģλ乲㡣
Ц˵
к⡣
ֵĳ֣Լ׷չһؼصõ׵ĽζţħսϣܹӵиõĴȥĵ
ԸΪЧΪ۾Ч
Ⱥ˵
ĿôڱǿУͬһɵĸд
нʿϣʮУսŽʿȫƷ֮ңӿֳһսǿߡΨдﵽƷɸ棬ǰħսΪҴսΪս
пȻ˵
ƷƱǾһɡ뵽иײ㡣
Ʒ񺣾Ͼͼ硣һƷƷΪ񺣾ͼƷƷͼﵽླǾս
콫ǰԭȵĹڽС
ླΪһǵǡ
콫һǴӷླԪ񾳣ٵ񾳡
Ҳ˵һǰħսΨΪﵽͼ۷Ľʿܹʸǰ
ΪУǾһޱݳ޵Ϊȫ޷顣
۾ģҾнʿȻṼ۾
ɫŵ˵
Щ꣬еԴȹӦףҩҪĸʣһӦȫɱ¾ҪٳɳǾǱ硣
ʮѣ¡ҪʮꡣսţȫԴﵽҪӿֳĽܳš
ãȥ׼
лȺͷ漴ּ䣬ʾ˳
ֵĳ֣׵ĸ棬޴ı仯ı仯ǾУֱֺӾͶܴӡٴӡľеħףնħٱӡһʱԾս滻
֪Уͽ뵽ʮꡣ
󣬴׺ƽĽȶķչ֮С
磬ڼɱȻֻǷײɱɵƻ˸е¡ÿʬ壬鲼ظ
֮Ѫ棬ÿ춼кʬ֣Ѫһ㶼ûв
ֻѪûмţҲûĵִȻЩڶ壬˭ûʱȥǴ׵۳Ĵ㡣ֻҪײʲô۶ӣǾһ֮
ļΪ⣬׷׿ʼȥܵʵƺΪħս׼ڴɱҲһ֮״̬һħսҲܵӰ졣
ȥɣǴ
ȫá
һ꣬ٴηı仯
˿ڲϱһͯʼŴ֮·ѧöԱ֮磬ŨޱȡľҲƿ֮УѾβơ
ˮȥӵ̧ɳǣ£òָ
ʮꡣ
׾ڿʼһЩħ֣ûǻҰУøΣգЩΪı仯ҰУֱֲָѾʼ
Դˣװһ鷳
ʮꡣ

һȻš
ÿ궼вСı仯ڷ
ЩУ۹УŮ׷׿ʼչǱޣ׼ħսʱһͬǰսԴˣвûзԣŮʵܹøǿȻһٺò顣ǿվдŮʶǿӴԴһʼչء
ΪٶȻˡ
֪УѾʮĩʮ꣬Ѿߡ
ʮ꣬ǵƶʮޡ
ʿ˵ʱֵǮҲֵǮ֪УѾҪȥʮꡣںܶǿ˵ֻһαչضѡ


1501 ս
ʮʮ¶ʮߡ
Ƴǣ۹ڡ
Ⱥۡ
Уܿһ϶ϲ죬Ȼɫ
μ۾ۺ󣬵۾޽ۺפ
Ⱥΰݵ
һΣһһδ󳯻ᡣңΪһγᣬħսٴοʱһγᡣԣڴУȺǰδеȫȫѾˡ
жӴŴȺҲǰԵͷĴףν˲żüáʮܿÿһ϶ɢһ־þλϡңϵϢʮ־ˣܿվڴеģÿһѾﵽླ
ڷླУѾʼ̵߳ľ롣
񺣾Ȫ
Ͼ飬ǳ¡
ͼͼǣ
ླǣꡣ
Ԫ񾳣֣֣֡
񾳣Ԫơ
Ⱥ˼ټϸԴȱһʸ֮ͨϣȻٶȲֻླһΪؼľ磬óɣȴҪһδλǣÿһζǼ򵥵顣ҪСĽϸĥ
ͣʮϰ궼ʲôֵ顣
УȺȴгԴֵҩףǿ׳ǣÿһۻǵٶȣ߽ȻգȴѲסȺǣ׵ԭʼüףԳ⣬ûսܳڣڷ֮ϣͬڼסɵֵ٣ǿ
ڷླڣԭʼüףǶɹǵĽѣõһַ֮һ
ȺԭʼüףȻԭʼüĴڣѡĻޣʺĶޣ㲻ǣǶǼΪмǿǱĻޡо޴ô
ԭʼüڴУѾһΪʿҪľѡԼĻüס
ңƳ壬ߣڼˣѾԪ񾳡Ǳ͵Ǳʣġ˳֮Ҫѡ
Ƴϳõķ֮һ֮£᲻֪Էŵ򣬶Դĸ
ڳϵĳѾЩѷɫӿ¡
۾Ҵ׵۳ֹΪֹӵе˿ǼڲİգѾһǧٶڡУ˶߰ٶڣĶǺͯ׶ңÿ궼кͯꡣ˿ڵٶȣѾʼȶѾѭ֮С
嵱ǰڻ㱨Ŵ׵۳˿ղ
ڵĴף˿ڶԣѾﵽһԷչ״̬ÿ죬гϳ嫺֮ڡÿ춼дձףΪֻһ㣬ô˿ڵԱǡڴ󺣳ϫ±ݻٵ˵ռݴ
ûбݻٵģҲ֮ɱɼһ³гĽԴ׵Щ񣬼ûжԥһʱѡ׵۳
ȻҲѡ񲻼ġҲڴ󺣳ϫ֧ġֻͬҪԸ⣬Ҳûǿ󡣵Ȼֵܵס׵۳Ҳֻѡ
ܺãһǧڶѣֻǿʼڱ۵Ԥ֮УҴ׵İգ㣬ϣĿǴ׽己ܲϢʱʢ
׵ͷ˵
ԸΪ۾ʥء
Ⱥͬ˵
乲㡣
Ц
Ρ
пѯʵ
ʮнʿ̿иԴǰΪսõУгǽţнʿȫﵽƷУӿֳսֻҪԸ⣬ԵǧƷ
ǰһҡҡȣ˵нʿʱΪףΪ۾ս
ܺá֪֮ͨʱ׼
׵ͷ˵
۾Ѿɾе滻¡սţѾıװף㣬ʱӦһʱĴսԴԴϵĽ졣⣬칤ѾսӦֻսһʮս
ǰһ˵
ս칤һֱսɱͬıսһսϵĿ¹ޣǹҵĻ³ʦһοսٸֻ֮ȵȣգս˵лսڣӴ󲿷ֵĲΣʼռݵơ
Ȼ治
Щ꣬һһٶȽн졣УսԴǻأ칤Щ꽫Ҫ˹ȥһֱƴƽصأֱǰ꣬ųƽ⣬ΪҪϣ󱦲ģմȫµĻءĻӸ˹ڻȡĻһЩ࣬ȴԲ
̺ǿĻ֮
ΪսĺԴսõ޴
ܺã칤Ĺĥзͣйѫ
׵ͷһǰսľ͸ˡ
뵱һνʱǾرʵûκοɱԡ
һǰսΨһĿģɱɱɱ
ɱڴ׵۳ķɣɱ
ݵ飬׾ڣɳǣõķչ֮Уÿ궼б仯ÿɳ֮⣬ٳףѾԽԽḻԴҲڲϱǡУʮ֮ڣɳֵ֮Ѿɡֵʮӣû迹֮¡
Ҳǰ˵
ɳֵ֮ÿ궼ڽУÿ궼гʮڡ໥е
ֵ̽ҰҰħӣڿ֮ڡ
ͯҲ㱨
ħ֣ǣΪûбֳɱ¾ƻлߣԼΪЩ־ңƻаĿֱ꣬Ӷɱѿ֮УЩƻǿħɵͨ󹩷ѹ
еͷ˵
飬ǾȨֻҪΪǴҲǵػȻ֮Ϣ
ǣ۾
ͯʾ֪
Ⱥڣһ㱨ҲǶԽһЩšѾħսʿҪȥٵĹԱҪȥȥħս˭֪೤ʱ䣬ڴ׽ηչȻҪδ󳯻жһ³̡
ýоݿ
һγᣬһ졣׽Ļԣսħսڼ䣬һжΪײţ屾еսοеǿ߶⿪ӡ˭ʱ壬Ҳڡ


1502 ħ

ӣſԶƣĻҪ֣δػ档ԣ׵۳ʱ䣬ɰлۣײţҲҪȵħսս󣬲ʽŵʱ̣ʱ䣬ǻ۵̵ʱ
˿ڣȵȣǵ̵֡
ң˿ٶҲ£˵¶ľǺУҲһߵĹµЩµһɳǡɳڿԾס˿ڣʱʮһټ޵ĻİҲɡ
ӲҪ˵ƳڻԾס
ڹеƽڣɺ˿ڡͽͣʲô⣬һȵʱٶǨơһ㶼ᵢ顣
󳯻󣬴׵۳У˿ûκ
ͨУһϲÿ϶̻ţչֳѤʵĹâСϣ϶ǵƻֵͨĺܡУ
ʱȻš
֪УѾϦ֮ҹʮʮһ졣

۹Уһ
׳׷˷ŵ۹ȥ˳Ե۹дµݣһϣУÿһϲЦտϼҴڣЯԼǰ
գǴٴοʱ̡
ÿľ죬Ǹ֡
һΣ԰֣Ϊ̺ɺ
̺ɺνһصķ羰԰֡һƬ޴ĺںУŴĺɻЩɻĺҶƯˮϣһƬƬϲˣһĪȻȵɻʢʱںҶĵ׺£͸ӵޡ
ܿڱ̺ɺϣһƬƬҶȻƯˮϣÿһƬ棬ѣϣһΣȻźˮȤ
ܿЩ޴ĺҶϣȻѾڷŴΣЩΣͨΣ۶Ρ
һŮȻŸζȣ̤նӯˮϣһ̲ӡ˲Ծо
һǰ磬տı̲ϣ֮໥䣬ǻЦںУйŮ衣չֳȵˡ
飡
Ƴǣ׵۳ڣֻһƿУһ̻ţѤɫʣҹš
ͬʱܿһյյͻȻӵ𣬳Ʈȥ
ǵƣ׺ҹգںҹУ·һǳ
ƮģëһȻȻŸ߿ԽƮԽԶ
ʮҪˣϾҪµһꡣ꣬ϣƽƽ˳˳ԸҴ׵۳ӵķٲʢ
׵۳ʥذϣá
ԸҴԸ۾޽ԽԽǿ󡣡
ϣСӣ۾ʴȣʣºҲú»·زۡ˵۹иսҪҪһЩСӣˣ͵УΪ۾Чǲҫ
ƴװеȽȽ𡣽ҹһҫޱȡ
̲ϡ
һƬĺҶϡ
ŮҲ档
Ⱥʢ磬ͬǼ硣
λΪϦ꼴ȥϵЩ꣬Ҵн죬λŬֲǱ۵ģͬҲǴҵġգ£ֻ񻶡սλͬСԸҴף첻ϣԸҴףبų档
пűѾĲ࣬ңʱҲˣ漴ǰľƱЦ˵չ󣬳ڼյһЩˣԶսϡȴԸһ̣Ϊ㡣
ԸҴף첻ϣԸҴףبų档
۾
̺ɺϣ˷׷վͬĺɫǴһָ߿뼤һ˿ڷ
ħսҲţеĴ£ǴףɽΪսҫ۵һǡ
׵۳ؽΪؼ䲻˳۳ԲǴ׵յ㣬ֻѡ
ͬ
ЦŵͷƱ˵漴һƣһںȥβʣڳıͣȻˡ
֮׽߳
ֻЦﲻϡһЩϼҴڵˣ໥ŮƺҪһ¶Ů¡
˵ͳء
ϾǶ꣬ʲôԸ𡣡
ͻȻѯʵ
ŮǺĿƺ⡣
ԸҽħսĽʿǣܶһЩҪ̫ࡣǾ㹻ˡ
һ˵
Ҳ̫ǣǴڵʵţֻҪʲôشʣԲڳشˣҲӦôһΧ֮ڡ
Ц˵
ǰ׵ľţмĴҪǿ󡣲ġ
ͷ˵
ˣ˵ЩǳϦҺúóһԲֻҪܳһʱ䡣Ц˵漴תƿû˵ЩصĻ⡣

ҹ粻֪Ѿҹʮ㡣ڴǾӭµһʱƳǻڴ׻ʳɳУͬһʱ̣̻ҫ񷡣ҹ׻Ϊҹ죬Ѥλһ㡣
Ҳ֮бͷ׷ȥ
һ̣׽ʮꡣԿڣͬȥʮꡣ
ʮˣҪʼô
Ѿȥʮˡ֪εħսʲô
ʱ侹Ȼô죬оŸոձչһζѣô͹ȥˡ
һ̣עһĿɲֻ壬ûڳϦϰףڹעΪһǵʮ꣬ѾˡһаԿʼ
ƺûҹʲôĴ㡣
һҹȥȻ޻
һĹУŮٴδͬߡ˷ζȻΪ˵ҲܿŮ϶Եݹ

¡¡
ڶ峿նһ⳹ʱͻȻ䣬дһ޴ĺںУһεѹ糱ˮϯأ·ܵһѹƵһ˿֮ûС
˲佫˯оѡ׷̧ۿա
ʾҪô
ڵһʱѾѣһ䣬һϣ߳գȻԿһֻɫո֮֡ۡ
УƺܿһϵĹи֡
֮׸ա
ħ֮ţмˡ
ͫһŹħӰ·ܿʬɽѪ֣ͷηĳ档ַ·𿴵ʬǵħѪ·ԺʶĻ뵽ħսֻ档
һΣֻ²ǰôɼˡѾоǰ·ɢŨŨѪζ
һͷ
ħսħ֮ÿ꿪һΣÿγһ¡겻롣


1503  սŽ
нħսӣⷢϮ粻ɶ֮𹥻֮֮ͬ
壬ӡ⣬ǿߣԿӷӡ֡漰ǣ֮ƾ
֮УȻȻĴݳһѶϢ
εѶϢֱӸֻ֮ۡ䣬ЩǰħսĻҲΥ
ħ֮ţУ꿪һΣÿγһ¡Ҳ˵һУУ˭ٻħ֮ţսսδҪ뿪²ܡ
ȻһսֻҪսϱֳɫǾԿԻȡԴԴϵĻԵܹٳɳЩǸڻ¡
˴ħսҹ編ײսʱ佫
֮дݳһѶϢţͳ䲻
仰ȴúܶʿɫ΢΢仯
Ϊ⻰̺̫Ĳȷԡ
ʱܺ⣬ǣǶ١ѵսһ죬ȥһꣿһ죬սȥһꡣʱûйɵȵȡͷԾĳԺСܶҲǰȻ
òϸеӰж
ؼǣежӰ졣
Щ鷳ˡ
Ҳ΢΢ü
֪ʱ˭֪ᷢʲô顣ЩҲѾû̫塣һͬʣǴˡˣֻվͬһ϶ѡ˭˭Ҫá
֪ͨȥպ׼
һȻ˵
ǣ۾
Ӧתȥ
ѼһΪħս֮Уֻ۹ҪˡתһԵĲϴһ˿Ǹ˵
һΣŮ׼ǰħս۹֮УûɻǻС˵ݲѹãΨֻвʸΪۺĸ¡˿˵
ģⱾѼӦ縺Ρ⣬ѼΪտô׵ġܽħս
º͵ЦЦƽ˵
Ϊۺ󣬱ͬΡ
ΣӱܣҲӱܡ

ЦЦ֣һǰĴ׽򡣿ƳУæµӰΪػݰһħսҲòȥҪսһ֮ͨݡ

ʱȻţʱһգ۾͹ȥ
У׵۳ڣܶնԷĽԼеʣڵĳноҪмĽʿǡ޷ǰսǾַֻʽı⡣õûȡЩʣⱾǰǺò׻Դ
׵۳ͲȱЩԴȻҲûռǱ˵˼׷ױʾܡ
ܣ˻ء
һ죬սУһӶӽʿĲ̤Ӫĵ㽫̨ǰڵ㽫̨ϣаȻսѾͣһԣŮѾڳСľսѾΪ鱦ܿڵսѾΪ̫žŴӣѾȫȫ
ţ磬Σ⥣£ǡؼ䣬ȻȻɢһεƣϯķеĳӵ˫
ܣȺվߡ
䣡
̤Уһ֧֧ӾӪ̤׷׳ڵ㽫̨ǰ󣬻Ϊһķ
һ̵ľս磬ûڣһΰ£ֱӳƳаУҲ׵۳ɳǰյСĿá
һ˫˫۾գս硣
ûһ̣׾ڣƺѾʧȥüž¡
ĿЩսľнʿľ⡣
ʱڵ㽫̨ܣѾһ
ſǰѹѹһƬԭʼüװЩţֳ𺳵ľò
ȸ׻ħ¾ɣ񣬺ˮѽɫɫɫɫɫսѩãߣ󣬰ٻѻۡ
һʮ֧
ÿ֧ʮѻţ۾ţҲʮ
ԣ˿ǰĴﵽһǧľ֡пνɽ˺
۾׾Уʮ֧սţѾȫϣÿ֧ʮʿһǧʵһǧнʿȫﵽƷ۾ġ
ҡҡȣ㽫̨ǰ˵
ܺá
׵ͷ·ѹѹĴܿЩУнʿĿȫϣƺڵȴʲô־ηݣȫĿ¶
λʿħսٴοϴβͬҹаħ潻棬ˣҡ𣡣
л³һսص׽лص
£
£
һʿȣź
ȥء
ٴ˵
ǾͲأ
ԥķϺȡ
ãȥأˣŮ׸Ը岻࣬ԸҴзһϺȡһսϣɢãʿʼǡ
׳壬׳գҴסڣԸ׾սŽǣ
ƳУ£ȻԿһʿݼкȻһֻɫĺŽǣãϣŽϣ˸Ų⡣
ˣˡ
սŽǿɲͨһ鱦սϣܶԾнʿ޴档ӳӾ˵սͨʿ˵սŽǣֻǼߣöѡ
սϣڽʿԣȴо޴ĺô
׸ףʾãͬҲǶԴ׵һ
ˡսŽǣҾнʿǷ۾ͽˡ
Ŀã׵ͷսŽһָɫĺŽշ𣬳ھսУһսʿֽϸȥܿһ塣ЩѾںһ໥ͨ飬ѾΪһ֡ܶ嶼Ѿ׾С
Ѫϵһսʿӵо˵ѪΪԲϱǡھУƵľǺŽǡ˿סսŽǣϲʤ
ѪսʿΪ顣
Ϊ壬ΪЧڵҫ
漴һЦ

вᣬſ³һ


һʿ׷׷źŨŨս⡣ս⣬ƺ˺Ʋ񷡣¡
¡¡
һ䣬ȻԿеħֱ֮Ͷųһ⣬ھսСΪ޴Ĺš


1504 ˹ʹ
ħ֮ŵͶӰֻҪٻͻ۳ͶӰ֮ţţû𣬶ǽħսһŻѣܿħ֮ϣֲҵĻ治֣һδοɸսĳǰọ̇̄Ҳڼչµ̡
еپսһն콣ħ֮һָϺȵף

ǧʿͬķ֮
ˣ
㽫̨ϣĽʿϰŹ鳣ôսϣÿһͬƺսĽ֮ɱ֮һĨѪɫƺԤʾǰ·Ѫɱ¾Ѫġսģʱƣ׻۳һ塣
أ
鴵սŽǣãĺŽƺһػԶç֮У̲ס֮Ȼ
еǰ¾սֱӿħ֮š
䣡
󣬶ʮ֧ŷ׷Ĳս̤ħ֮Сûû˳ɡĿ⿴ǰǵӰʼռᶨһ֪һȥпܾʹ˲飬Ҳû˿η塣
ϣһƽ˳ϣҴҡ
װעŴ׷̤ħ֮Сֿף
ǧħ֮ţķѵʱ䲢ħ֮Ž٣ʵ̫ˣʱѾȫڡ
һʿĽ룬޴ħ֮ȻʧͶӰĿľǽɽȻɢ
һΪס
һɻתص۹
ۺģе۾µĹ£ȻʲôӣοҴУķ˸ģУ΢Ḩۺƿس֡
ڼЦ˵
׾ڣһƬΣڲҪκεģ˵ɳ֮ǶԴĶȼߡҪ̫ǣһаǰͿԣǰôҲô
ڼΪħ֮Ż
ʱҪٴЯµĴǰսԴ׵һ֧Ԯڶʿһǧ˰һǰľʲôĻӺʿн滻ѡ
ǵڶֿܻʿǰﲻͱиսʡͬڡ
𣬲Ҵס
˵
еǿڿѾ⣬Ҳζţ֮ɱֻ½뵽һְȻ״̬ɱʱನüΪĿ£һսɽ麣ХǶʮּ򵥵顣ΪನԴƻĻǷЩ飬˭
ԣ÷ģҪ
ȻҲ֪뿪ǰ¹̣ǵʲôǺؼʱ̣ǲֵġ

ħ·׹ħѪʬѪ̾ͳĹ·
̤ھսϣǰĵ·п²ǵһμ𺳣ûмٷֺ
һ쵽ħսĹ·֮··աһմ·⣬һƬ޾ĺڰֻ޾İ׹ǣһǻԡ
Щʬգ޾ÿһߺдݳʮǿƺȥǧ궼ûгĥ˵һԪĲãҡ
ħ·ޱȿ㣬һ֧ţʮǰռһ֡
ǧ·ϣҲǶôӴ
أ
ͥнɻսžսģ鴵ŽǣѪĵĹŲãÿһ̤Ǽᶨޱȡ
սսս
޹ս췢ս
ʿսⰺ׷Ӧ
ΪģΪĹѪ;
ҰףԹŲ衣
ͷɶϣѪһսݣ
ոֵʮţĲݡ
̤Ĳ漤Ĺĵ㣬ãĺŽǰһг̣һθһε壬ҹаħ̤·овҹĲ鷵Ĵ㡣
ʱͻȻ䣬ħ·ϳһУһȺϵźɫ磬¶һ˶ļ⣬ͭɫļ˸һ͹⣬һìһԲܣձߴࡣﵽ׶ߣҰķ˿̤Ĳ̤ħ·
˹ʹ
ȺȺȣ
һսʿսìôԲܣ֮һǰɢһֿҰ֮ʮֿ񱩣ȫܸܵڴݳǿϢǿ
ǿ׳Ѫη
һȺݺսսʿ
Ȼ޷սȣȴҲѷɫ١
˹ʹ
ĿãһĨɫϳǵݡһȺսʮֿµηսʿֱܹһеˣʮֿҰսǿ
Щ˹ʹǰȻԿһ̤սϵӣͬ˹ʹĴ磬ȴһ֮ͳ˹ʹЩ˹ʹһ֧
Ȼ˹ʹУʮܵء
ɱɱɱ
ʿЩ˹ʹеս⣬ױʾ׷
޿ǿжյǹն׵ǹΪ¾ǹħҡ
ǧﲻҵ׹Ⱦ񷡣ΪʣԸ顣
Ϊ˽ܣΪۣҲ꣬ս
ǧЦѪ̤׹꣬УɱаĲ͡гݺޣҵС
սʿǡƺҪ˹ʹȫѹ塣
˹ʹ
˹ʹ
˹ʹɫķս
һͦأƺη塣
Щ˹ʹɲ٣в֮ࡣ˳ħ·ǰУη
˹ʹײûвײǰħսȻ֪˴˼䣬սϣսѣսԽǿȻһֵø˵顣
һǰУħ·Уƺиڻص
˭˿츫˭趯Ż硣
˭ƶĥ˭ͨݡ
˭ɽ˭ս졣

ϵĸħ·лصƺ޾ʱգһԪݶԡڸУܸܵһԪĲ׳ִ档
ЩһԪĴǷһԪٴ֡
ŹϵĸҥԺвֳһͷ
֡ǺʣԪĳΪһ˼Ļƽʢֻ²лתҲ⣬ž޵콾Ԫעһƽʢ
֪УٴοƵħѪɲȱȾѪĺۼ겻ࡣ
߹ħѪ󣬺ȻԿԶȻһ޴ƽ̨ƽ̨һڰеĵ죬յ
ϣܿȫǲ֪İ̳ɵ档һ޴ޱȵĹ㳡
㳡ϿգȻԿһŽɫİ񵥡Ǻ񣡣
һΣûг֡
ֻиֳһ֡


1505 ѻ
ħսָ˹ѫ幦ѫ˹ѫɶһħ޾챦幦ѫɻˡ干㣬ɱСҹݣ
һ֣˸Ѫ⡣
ֱգֻҪĿȫܸܵõ
ҹɱݣûеڶѡҪôҪô
л³һ
ǰս
жȻ˵
ħ·ͷܿһ޴ĹŸ֡ǵ⣬ָǾͷ
˳Źţ̤˽ȥθ档
ˢˢˢ
һѾȫħսС
ɣ
̤ھսϣɫŹֵĿǰһ޳ǡܿһ޴İ׹Ǿ޳ǡǽ壬ȫ졣ǽ϶߹ǻΪǴ̹ì˸źâ
޳һۿȥȫǧ棬סӵĸо
ѻǣ
ڳǽϣż޴Ĺ׭塣
ѻǣҼǵã˵ոսħսʱ׹һƬħ֮УУ޷ȥҵѻǺ󣬲ܹ뿪ӡĪǾǰһ
´ӳ˳ߣǰİ׹Ǿ޳ǣ¶һĨ֮ɫʵ
ѻǡû뵽ٴνʱɻѻǡңѻǱȵȣҪˡ׵ͷ˵
ɫһ˿
ǵĵƺŵѻǣһֻֻ׹ڤѻϳǽÿһֻ˸űͫ𣬱ŵʱ˴ĵ׾̲סð⡣
ĸо
ôţʮֵˡ
Ǵ׸ŶսʬɽѪ߳ģһ
ˢ
ͷϣȻ䣬һֻſɴСľ޴ڤѻֻڤѻͷϣȻһڵڡںܹ죬һֻڵ۾
ͷϣ͸˵ֻ۾һ
׹ڤѻ
ͫһ³һ
ּ࣡ˡһ仰˵ˣڤѻڤѻʡǻʹڡ
׹ڤѻſڷһ·ֱһͷʹڡ
ЩȻѾˡ
ڤѻڤѻʡһ֮ʵȴ֮
ԭˡû뵽¾ȻԵͫһ׵ͷ˵
Ե֮ñʹĿ࿴һ˳׵۳֮ݵ̣ȻУһָ
׹ڤѻʿ˵
Ȼеݣ˵ʲôܡοǰǧľɵӣܲ³һõĳġ
ѻʣʲôֱ˵ɣûбҪĨǡҲİˡ
ƽ˵
Ĺϵδûа׹ڤѻʵԭڡ
ܺã׵۹ȻˡȻˣǱҲĨǣֱ˵ˡ׹ڤѻʷЦħսڶο׵Ӧúһοǲһμ򵥵̽ѣʱԵҹаħҲͨڻҶѡڻңǶҲʶҪԸɲסһΣȵһϰٱֹ⼸ʮʿʵ޷ֵһսƱػἫΪңսߣпʮһ
Ρսǲ顣
еȻһЦ
ǾͲء
ǧʿͬķź
֮ǰбľġ
ܺãд˾ģѾǲѵǾͲҪȥӮȥô׹ڤѻͫ̾
֪ѻкθ߼
ƽѯʵ
ܼ򵥣֣Ȼսϣ
׹ڤѻʹЦ˵ħսϣȻһųǣսʿУΪֵҹаħıݸĹųǣ޷ƶҰѻǲͬ
ҰѻҰ׹ڤѻһǿԴ죬սɷУƶѻѾǿʬΪһ塣꣬ǿһսŻðѻǵԳɳɱ䵽ĲΡ
ңսϣҰ׹ڤѻһ壬֣ҹаħ꣬ǣǴ׵ùѫҹսƷ֪׵۾Ρ
׹ڤѻȻҲѻԣһڣʱߴߴȫûͣĴ㣬һ¾һѵϯ
ս֮ϣȡ꣬һǣһǴסҪѻжһȨޡ΢󣬿˵
һֱŵڰѻЩ챦۲ĺܡҪ֪濴ܶöϧûܶһʲôö
лᣬϿԣֶԲȫ׹ڤѻһ壬һһ룬ÿԶһеĸֱ
ãҰѻеıӦоУֻҪ㹻꣬ǾͿԽжһ꣬ơ
׹ڤѻûгɣԥľʹӦ
˸һ˿⡣
Ҫ֪׹ڤѻһֶصΪ컯¯ΪȼϣֲϣƳ챦ֻЩ׵ġǾǣֲϣŽ컯¯Уƿز¯еı仯ıȫǧٹֵģûκζ۵ġ
ʲôϱͨͨûУʲô󷨽ƣҲᣬҲҪᣬΪȼϣΪ컯֮ôһֶصбӿǵݱ䣬ͳ䱦ǰǲ֪ʲôġյõģҪ
ԣֻҪ㹻꣬ǰ׹ڤѻһ壬ͿԴֱͲǰһȻܶණǿûʲô̫ôġƷļƺ̫ߡ
ãʹˡ
ҲͷӦ
Ǿôפѻǣоס֮زͬҲǣͬħսռݹųһܻȡͬȨ
׹ڤѻʵͷ˵
ѻǣɲ
漴ʾ
ţֶڤѻѯʵѻʣ֪ѻеزʲôܷһ¡
ħսϵزÿһֶʮأңзǷáһ㣬Ȼڶ԰ѻҲǺܺ档
ѻеزһ֣һΪ׹ڤѻҰ׹ڤѻһ己ܵĸڣȡĺǣܴ꣬µİ׹ڤѻڳ׳ɳǰûǩԼǾͻֱӵΪµĳԱֻҪа׹ڤѻڣ֮һͲ
׹ڤѻһŵ˵
Ƿܵĸڡ
ķܸѵԸ⽻ۡ
ζĿѻʣѯʵ
кβɣǩԼǶڤѻһҲδûкôԴ˳Уȡһ˿ˣУսһǻҪ뿪ģⱦ己ܸ
ѻʵȻ˵


1506 ز
׹ڤѻȻֱӸףֻôʱУӵбһЩȨˣܳİ׹ڤѻԼΪ׾ս裬ǻǰ׹ڤѻһ塣ǲɷָģУ׳塣
ûʲô̫
׵۳ϣʲô飬кô˭
һ㣬׹ڤѻʿǼĺ
ԭˡĻҴȫ齨һ֧ȫµĿ֮ǰѾһ֧ѻο齨һ֧ڤѻ
׵ͷȻǺ£ûоܾĵ
ңڤѻ˵ӱϳڤѻǺѣֻҪгĺǣ㹻꣬ͿԴԴϵİ׹ڤѻҲζš齨ڤѻ뷨ʵ֡
ڶزΪ׹赤ӵһ׹ǵԼȡ麡й辫Ȼ컯һööⵤһöö鵤䱾ֱ׳Դʿ˵屦ҩһö׹赤ͿֱͨһԾ̤һתľ硣ӵӲ
׹ڤѻʼ˵
ʣЩزǰ׹ڤѻһĵⱦ
Ȼ̿Щаʵ赤ʮɵûκʣȫǽ̺ľԣǱԴȫ赤ڱ֮˵
öȷʵǺö
۾һǴӸʵȻ׵۳ڵĽʿÿ춼ڽĴ£֮ǱĬĲ׾ڵİգв׵Ϊ幦ڴʮʢС˭УһЩ巨šǿĺôÿ˶Ǻ
Ȼˡ
а׹赤ھнʿǿмôԼãǶۣκʱ򣬶ʱħսϣһųǣزȫ໥ס
ʱ赤δΪһֳ롣
Ҫá
֪زʲô
д˿Ҳѯʵ
زɲһ㣬Ϊ׹ϣĲǵҩҲǰ׹ڤѻǸָİ׹ǼÿһֶΪǿʮ磬׹һУĿ𣬾㲻һҪشʮְԵ
׹ڤѻʼ˵
Ҳûͣ٣ڴפѻǵͬʱڤѻֱӴкŮųȥزڳУȻҪԹȥһ
սֱӽУ漴ʧڻصСŮҲ֮⡣
Ů׹ڤѻʲûо⣬ȻѾǡ
ɣۿһ걦
ѻûгɣǰųڵĺ԰˹ȥ
߰ɣһȥǿ»ס̵ʱ䡣
Ц˵
ٺ٣·
һ̹У̻ҡͷԵĴ˳ѻ׷˹ȥ
һ˵ҪħսͲƤҪšô϶ϲߡôҪ
ķΧС뵱ˡѻǣѾԿһǡ¿˵
׹ڤѻ֣δزһֺõѡ񣬱ϾħսϵϢ鱨ԶҪӾͨѻǣսƶսϣռһȨңҪ޷ֵҹ֮£ҲԴߣһء
ߺҲ˵
Ȼ׹ڤѻ֣̬ͬȡ
֪УѾԺ
һȥʱһΪ𺳵Ļǰ
ãĹʶȫɰ׹ǻ۶ɣһǣ·еһ棬ֳһصĹƣһ𣬴ϢУдһ˿ء
ֻɫǲͬġ
һǽɫһǰɫһǻɫ
ǲһ֦ͺǾ˵߹һдһֹĸоһͷǹǹ֦ϣҶһ㡣ʮֵĹˡ
ܿɫĹϣһӲӵĵ飬ʮϲˣƺصĵڻصȻǾǰ׹赤ܿ浤ϣֳһơһͲͨҩͬˣһۿȥ塣
ɫĹϣȻһֻֻ׹ڤѻЩֻаƴСģѾгôÿһֻж˸ԵͫȻѾӵʶģ飬ֻвǧֻܶ඼ѾԴﵽ䣬ֱġ
ٿɫ
ϣȻԿ·Ǵһ㣬һսڹ֦֮ϣгж̣ս̵ÿһ˸⣬ƺԴԴϵ뵽ʸУΪһ֣ܿЩսƺڲϵӡ
ܴսϿķ˸ЩĺȻ뵽սУΪеĹƲ֡覴á
ô׹Ӧûʧɡ̺İ׹սÿһʮ󣬿ȷа׹ʴǼѪѼӰ׼ȵȡϣָսЩսȻֻһԷȴǷǷУԷӳǿƻ
׹ڤѻָЩս˵
ս棬ֹ飬һۿȥֻв¼ʮϰ֮ࡣս̺Ÿ䣬ѣӰȵȣضʱ̣ԿԷӳͬһá
οЩսֻһʱ䣬ṩԴԴԴϵ
ڹؼʱ̣һڶԴ
ܺãЩҪЩѻʡ׵ͷ˵
ЩջѾΪزУÿһֵֶǷ˭һЩ˶죬ȡ衣ûбҪ̫ᡣ
ѻʣ֪ҹаħһʲôʱʼ֡ҹô
пѯʵ
ززǴҪΨһǣҹаħ⡣
˭ҹʲôʱִ֡ս𹥻ⳡսУʵ㱾Ǵڱһʲôʱ𹥻ҹһ˵㡣
ѻҡҡͷ˵ݹϴ˵ħսΪ棬һҹǱͬһҹħսǱߣħһս׼Ҳ׼һ𹥻ǾͱȻһ񡣵Ȼʱпܳ֡Ҫȫ׼
ų֣ۿԳԿܷ鼸š
΢
ȻֿԲ󣬵ܱţȫΪҹһû̫ķҵ˻ѣ漸ûа취ҵᡣ
漴޻
׿ʼѸƿѻǣڳǽɲַؾеٰá


1507 
ӴЯĴʹ󣬵һʱ䰲װڳǽϣսʣԴԴϵķڸʺ÷ŵЯĴȫ´Ĵ󣬱ԭȿνǿֹϣҪԵҲȫԿǷŴ
еĴȫѾװһ޴˸źâƺűϢʱѶϢ
ʿڵһʱ䣬ȫѻǵһ͵ľӪ
ѻзУƶ£޴İ׹ڤѻųǣȻƶȻƶٶȲǺܿ죬ҲվڳǽϣȻԵ;еĸַ羰ǿһսսϡ
Ѿʼפսǡһνս壬ȵһҪ̫ࡣ
һͬվڳǽϣȣ˵
ѻڰգܱߣ۳һƣϿֻܿһƬƣģѿӵԲѻǵĴڡ
棬ȴĿսϵΡ
ܿһսǣѾ岻ռݡסУңһʱ俪ʼȻкܶսǣǲ干ͬפУһΣ໥䣬ûгʲôսɱĳ棬УҲָΪһΣ˭֪Եˣҹ硣
ߣаħв£ԭڲһЩԹȫԷһߣʱᣬڽԭȵУս໥սѡֻһ㡣嶼ǼΪĿơ
Ǽһһսǣһʱ䣬໥Э̣ιͬأֵаħ
Կͷ˺͵ؾۼһѪʹͬһǡкܶжǿߣûʵǿμħսҪսҹɱսһ㣬Կǰеǿߣûη
Ǵǰû˭˶Ϻȡ
սħսϣҲһҫÿһսߣΪҫʱ̡ûκһ̣ܱȵùһ̡
ҲţʵվţֻҪȵ꣬ǧ֮ʵǿʮٱֹ
׵ͷ˵
ԣ۾һħս»ʮֲҡǺֻҪ㹻ʱ䷢չͿԴԴϵĵǿߣֻҪҵľ棬һƽȣǿ߻㵮ʱ㽫ԽԽȹ̣ԽԽǿ󣬶ҹϮ㣬ͱϸһԣʲôϵˣôҵĺ
¶һ˿֮ɫ
ҹһʽĽսʣʱ̣ҹҲռλλãʼС
һܵĻҹϮħսռսȹڣԴԴϵĳսֱռ磬㷢ͷ·սϵһݵأͷһҪԿ֪
һ֪᲻ϱǿ磬ûĸ˻Ը⿴ǿٱǿο硣磬һԪϸԪڲҹɱս˼ԪΪֹʼûбҹռռѾ˵һЩ⡣
ҹгԹĿɲСǾ͸ռıУǣڱصãĿģĲݡ
ǿǱһлᣬȻ뷽跨Ķɱҡ״̬
һս֮£ռơ
ԣսҶȣ൱Ũҿ¡
һսעǼѵġǲҵġ
ս̫ˣӦþǱǰ³˶೤ʱͻᱻơ
и̾
Ȼսܿ׹ǱأܻʵĴսȣнս壬޲ϣԳĸһЩ
սУҲпûЩŵӣ۳ȺЩŵӣÿһŶ࣬Ȼ޷ӵȣϵΪϢȻȴ󲿷Ҫǿһ㣬Զ׼ġϾŵгɳġ
УЩѾһǿǿͿԡܶȻķſ˶ŵĿƣȻûпŸͨգھпŷšڰǣֻǳһֲͬҲԣõţǾԼߵһǾͿ컯
ΪǸôӴԴṩ°֧žеѾʮֲסҪ֧ЩΧܶ˻оһļɵ
ȻܴħսľӣȻΪġ
ûΪģǾڻҶ硣
ܶóľ̫࣬ңнʿΪǺܸߣһǧƷﵽͼǼܵ顣
ħսжû֪
ӵеսж٣ҲѼ㡣
νսĸǿսʿж٣Ҳǲ
飬޷

ʱȻš֪УӰִٵʱѾҹʱ֡ȴûýսڶսʿеиԽӵľϾ˭ҹаħʲôʱ٣һ٣Ʊػ
ҹЩ䡣
ѻǣ԰УһƷʳ̧ۿա
սϵգܿģ¹⣬ģǳ
ħսҪǿǳǿɲʲô顣
еȻһЦ
쿴ꡣ
ǣָգ
ˢˢˢ
ͻȻ䣬ҹУ·һصʱ׵ĳһǡЩǻһһƬƺƴꡣҹУһ¾ͱޱѤһɨ֮ǰ䣬˸ǹ財
ֻǣЩûдǿ׹أҹв޹ɡս֯һƬصĻͬķ羰
꣬ҹҪˡ¶һĨ֮ɫ
սϾĿùһֻ꣬纣޾ҹңʱǣֱ׹أΪһšͨ
ǣɲʲôס
£ϢȥǽϿһΣʱнսĿܡ
г˵
ǺһȥսûԹۣҪսͬԾһˣǶŮӡ
ԥ˵
ЩÿɶѾԪ񾳡սϣҲߡ
ߺҲͷ˵
ǰڿɲߣսϣһ԰
СٻҲ˵
ҪսսǾûҪˡ


1508 ҹ
ЩԴ˼ӳ֣ټо˫ݣٶȣҪܡ˫֮ķšŮ֮ױȵܣͬǣһΪŮҪǿʱŮЧǿ
ͻƵԪ񾳣˳µ飬ʮǰ׷ѡңŮĹͨ˵ġ쾭ŮĹķš۳ͼžǿֻһֱڵ۹ûʩչĻᡣ
ңҲûʵսľ飬Щ֮꣬ͨţǰ磬ɱ־Ҫ٣ӷḻҪСǣǾ
ĺѿ
ãǾһȥ
ЦЦ׵ͷŮս˲Ǻġ
ⳡĳ֡
ħսеȻһ䣬Ѿĳ֣Ҳζţҹ֣սѾһǰһεĸ־Ѿɴ˵Ϊĥľ顣
һսʿ׷ɫأһȻ
꣬ҹٵǰס
׼һн䱸ǳҹǾͳֱֽӻ顣˵ǣԻȡĹѫ
ƯѤꡣϧĲǺˣаħɱ¾֪ͨȥ׼սһΡݡսͲҪث֡
ħսϣǿ̧ۿգԲķӦҲǲһġ̬ȴͬġû˭˱ܡη壬˱ܡ
ս·ˡ
ħս
̤ʱ˭ʲô壬ˡԼпܻսпҲ޷ع㡣еѡ
ΨһɻǣһεЩһûг׹䣬
սϣǹҫ
ο
ǽϣѾϵпգѯʵ
ֻ»һθͣ׹䣬κεص㣬ӦӡӦԣҪǲ£ֱӿ֮Уңǳ㲻ϱãҪסǵĶ򣬾ͻἫΪѡԷ
ɫص˵
սľ棬һʼͳŶ״̬չ
ζţҹռʱռ
˭ʤ˭δ֪ȴöԷøӵѲ
壬ҹһеĹޣԸҹҹԶ־֮ʿĹޡǵҵֿǾҹĵˣڵˣҹһԪδϴ磬һΣҹע硣ǣԸҹĹ԰ɡ
Уһž޴ޱȵƾճ֣ž·֮ǰֵǳ۶ɣѤдһ˿ɲ⡣һһ䣬ɢ޾ΰֱ˵飬ƺҪķ־
飡
һ̣һֻɫ֣ε˲žϣǾ»ΪǳɫҲ䲻
һУҪĿã·λһ㡣
ɣǡ
ھǰһлص
ˢˢˢ
˲Ϣ䣬ͿƺͣգΪһƬǿգţÿһöǳֱӽһ貵ǳֱ䵽ħսϡ
һ·֮ͨǷͬһѤ
ȻѤУȴ·ܸܵһַͬһΣϢ͸¶Ŀã
ڰѻǸȻԿǹϯͨ쳹ء
нʿ׼սӭС
һ̣ѻ´ʿٳǽѻĵǽηأһ֧Žзأһ֧ŷһǽʱȴʱ׼滻ǰŵķء
һηصģȻľšħ¾ɣĴڳǽ֮ϣһĿ⾫⣬սⰺ
ҹǵõĽѵӵֱӽ٣ǿգҪƻţ֮Ҫ̫ࡣ
пգҡͷ˵¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ
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ʱȻԿڰѻǸǳУһҵĺǹͷ·һͨһͨ
ȻԿ޴Ӱзӵ糱ˮ㳯˷ϯȥ
ӣǳӣѹѹ糱ˮϯ
飬һۿȥ˷Ϸɵģܵģÿһֻʮȫ£˲ϢµĴɱֲɱ
ҹ塣
Ŀãͫ΢΢һЩȻҹ壬սۿҲԹǵǿƻ
˽⣬壬ҹУµһ壬սϣǿ䵱ڻң䵱ȷ档
ҲѲģֲ̫ƻ̫ǿĸĿ£η壬ңײе¡
ȵһսϿҹ壬ͳҹ
µǣ̫࣬ͺһīˮֱӵˮ֮УɢˮҪһ
˲Ϣ䣬ʮϰĳð
ңԴԴϵӡ
ڶǳУȻԿһȺʮľ֩룬֩ȫ£˵ëһ֩ȷ·ĳìÿһֻٶ߰ɸߣɢĺ⡣
ʲôô򵥡
Ŀ΢΢һ˵
˱ħ룬ǰħеõĹżأҹУʮֿµһ壬ɱֲǵëǿļһëڣͻƻǿ꣬Ϊħūܵūۡ
п˵ħпǶһһĹ伮иֶ¼һЩءй˱ħļءּеҪ£սϣǺܶ˵جΡ
ܿЩ˱ħϵë·ǲ۵ѹӢһĴƮɢϸע⣬һͻɾ޴в
͸ǿ
¡¡
ڵֻǳУҵĺ
һȺȻɱ
ܹ졣ŵսսͲͨҹеҹͨڣ˸ڵͫһźɫ⡣ϮںҹǱСͷ϶ڵĶǡڰʹߡ
ҹϣһʿʿǹž޽ڵĺսסһֻֻ·ӵɱħ͸ߴÿһͶһɸߡҹϣ͸ӵĸһǿѹȸСͬ졣
ҹħʿҹǶˡҹħʿһʼǲҪֱսռλɱơ
ͫһ˵


1509 
ҹħʿҹУͬͨ壬һʮֿµ壬ںҹУսǿɼԦڰ֮ͬҹе飬˸о־塣սֻһ㣬ѲǣЩҹħʿԸߣΪ飬޾ô
ںҹУǵħ޾ģԴԴϵʩչ߸գսϣҹħʿֻһͬһ֧֪ηĿֲ
ֻҪʱ䣬ȫγһ֧纣ĴֻҪսɱ¾ǾͿԴԴϵ޾ߴһ֪ǶôĿ¡
ҹħʿһ壬ܳûǶΪɵġ
ңڿɲǳһֻǳǧҹħʿֹģڲϵš
ж٣˭޷Ԥ⣬ôҹħʿսϣһ޴ķˡϯս
¡¡
еĴԴԴϵķӵһ֣ͺԥĳ˷ϯȥ
ûĿ꣬ʵĿֻһǾǽħսϣս֮ȫռ죬ܱһսǣҵĹҪǳ״ݻ٣еǰĿ꣬ȫ
гϷǵأ޹˼ɵСֱӾͳڰѻǰ
ڵҲ赲˳ǵصĺɨգѻǣʱͳҹǰ
ȫ׼ɢȥ𹥻нʿɹ
֮´
սսûʲô̫սԣηأιڴ֮УӦ̡нʿǶԴʮϤ
һ㶼ûлҡ
ܵɢ
漴ѻǳױ¶ҹǰܿаħ˸ѪĹâɱ¾֮⣬ѾҪ
˼ƶսǣħսϡٵսǣȻǾ;ԲܷŹһҪ״ݻ١
ҹħʿ̤ǳУȻԿǹУǹ۳һ޴ҹħʿƺӵʶĿѻǣһЦ˵
ݻ١ѻǣ𹥻
ڵǳУȻԿһֻ޴ĸӹи֣þݳһѶϢĸڳУӵϵĵλĳסȻĸʲֹһֻǰڹеģƿƬڳĸʡ
𹥻ѻǡ
һУȻԿһ欣¹ճߣֻ󣬺Ȼֳ˸֩ìٲȻǰ˱ħеì裬ķһϺ
ʱҹ׽ѻǿǹĿꡣ
ȾͿԿܼı׷շ𣬳Űѻϯ·һƬ̹ڷӡš
СЩӣǱ棬ͻᷢը갳ϳ̿ۿԲЩӿ䣬Һݺݵǣͨͨ
¾еĳҧ𿴵ͳɤӷŭ
µӰ൱̣Ҫһ־޴в
ಣ
ҪԸЩӣ˭Ĵ⡣
һ籩㳯ܼĳ泱йȥ
ĺЩϣʱͿЩڱкųɫĹâȻͣһ͵СźȻըǱڶֹǱըʹ·ǲǻŻȥΪ˱ըڡ
¡¡
һУ·Ӧ׷ױըɫĶҺٷɽܵı棬ȫ·һƬں
ܿµı棬ֻȴδ̫ҪǷɢ嵱У䲻£ܷӳµһһçײķ棬һֻɱȫᱬը
ңһըֵңֻҪҵǰһûжǾǱеǰȫըըҲҪ綾ʴɱ
Сӣⱬ棬ڳ֮Уֻͨı֮һҪѣңδزᷢı䣬ǻȳһս
ƽ˵
սϣһӵϵɵǺֲܿġ˭˭
ԣ쿴Щ汬ըûɢγɵɫ»ʮֿ¡ǱɱУǳ岻֪ȱ㣬Ǳ
ͻȻһָս
ȻԿ汬ը󣬻ΪһɫĶЩûɢǻһ𣬻Ϊһž޴սϿա

ûκγɣϿʼ꣬ˮǶֳ꣬ɫһۿȥ֪Բͨˮ
ͣ
зˮϣǳ򱻸ʴۿɼٶȱʴһڡ漴ͻΪһ̯ŨˮڷΪС

Ҫսϣսֻ»˲ϴʧء˭ס޿ײˮ

ŶƮѻǣ֮һӣзһϺȡ
ͨ磡
أ
еȷ·Ժͨǿļӳ֮һɿƽض𣬴Уµ˻⻽ķ磬һֿ񱩵ϢֱӴ֮Уƶ꣬ŰѻȥУУиҪƳ׽
һ˲䣬ɢ˶ơ
ãͨ
ĿõĽ׷׷̾¶ϲ֮ɫûжƵв׽˺֮ǡ
ɱ
ûгɣܼļĳҹϯȥ嵱а˱ħë·ѹӢһ裬ҪѻУȻҡ˼Ⱥٴαܡ
ߣ
ҹħʿսϣսì裬һڵ糱ˮսһ
꣡
žͿЩȥĳڣͻȻ䴫Ĺײ֮ʬ飬һ߾߲ôӺи
Щãǳģ״ʱ˸źɫͫеңͬй֣ееãзìõȵȡ
ܿ޴ĳʬУʱ򣬵ûֻһֻǼֻʮֻһð̼䣬սϾĳֳǧĲá
¸£
Щ÷ֽ͵ڵһ̤ЩϣŵŰѻǷ𹥻ȻĴһ
ѲЩҹħʿڣҹǴɱ
΢΢ҡͷ˵
ߣڱǰ߸գǵҲôǸóߡ
Ŀãһ˿Įһ䣬ǰлһԲһ·ձпĵϣȻۡΪһϵĹž


1510 ͷ
ţ˫˲ãΪڰ֮ɫһžƾճ֣ոĹžΪһ塣
˲Ϊʵʡϵڹžת
ۡ
ܿתʱһתΪɫһͨ쳹صİɫ֮ؼ䣬һа֮ԣ⣬ΪֲĴڡ
ȻԿսϣϸյĲãľ䵽һ¶֮ɫе̫ͫͬµѩһã£ɢǱ飬Ժе֮֮Ϊһööˮʣֻ걾Դ֮
֮ȫԿƬþͷ·Ǹһ㣬Ĵɢضǡ
۾ͨѾԽԽǿˡԵ˵
ֻͨ˶ѡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
Щ꣬ɲڰװ׶ɹģУУѾ۳ʵʣʣ֮ͨȻȻĴĸǿɣǾ൱ǿߡңϣ۵취ȺҪǿ
˿ʩչȫ൱񾳶ǿߵȫһ
Ѿɡ
ֻһ֮£ɵƻѾǻصļ
ʲôͨԲв̫󡣡
ǰҹħʿͬ䵽Ȼûһ˲꣬ȴܿȫ£·ŨϣǣһеĲʹ࣬糱ˮϯӿͷֱھЦݣ̺ĺڰ֮Ƿ·˿ǡ
ڰԵģڰǿѹǿɢڰ
ȻҹħʿΪսϣѹ޷赲Ϳһҹħʿսϣ糣ڵ֮ȴϨ
ҹĻ
ҹħʿ֮ͨ£ʣҹħʿҲڵһʱ䷴Ӧսì裬ͬʱһϺȡ
ֻһڵĺڹ糱ˮһҹħʿڱңѸٵӣ֮أȫһƬڣҹҹ֮Ծ˵ٶȻۣգۼ䣬ҹħʿܣױڰ֣һйâ޷͸
·һƬĻ㽫ҹħʿ֣ⱻ赲Ļ⣬ײ£ܿԵڰڲˣڷٵҹĻ·һƬûйâԨ̶ȻԵȴɱǿ赲⣬޷˲ƿĻʮҹħʿͬʱſİҹĻ
֮Ǻҹ
ҹǵ̫
ռݾԵʱ
е˼ҹħʿȻ򵥡ⰵҹĻķҹҹɢĻ档ҹӵеĵ̣ȷʵױȡ
׵ͷ
֮ʧ
ҪĻƿҹĻ˵Ǻѡ
һ䣬ֻһڵצƾճ֣һֺ󣬶ʱӭǣÿ䣬Ծ˵ٶȱǡ˲Ϣ䣬ѾﵽǧɳڵĿУݳ޾ĺ⣬һַ·𶳽һеĸоƺУ˿Ĺ
ܱ֮ߵһйâ·ȻȻɽȥȫʧ
ͼڰħ
ڿٳڰϺͼУȻȻһڰħҹںڰһ֡ҹĻ赲ȴ赲˺ڰ
ڳֺ󣬶ʱͿԸоӺڰħɢϢȻﵽ񾳲Σ̺ĺڰ֮ʮ־ˣ۳ķͬﵽɡ
ͼеϱԴеĹԽǿͼԽǿӳԽǿڰԴΪڰħ£ǿֹ
ڰħڳֺ󣬺һڰлһĹ켣ȻƬҹĻɱȥʱϺڹһ漴ȻҹĻС
ãħĻвκӰ죬ƿĻ죬ɱ
ǿɸְҹͨʮ΢Сսìɱħ
ĻдһϺС
ּҵĽ治𣬵ȴһҽиֹɢڵϵ֪УҹĻʼɢ
ܿսϣѾһƬǽ壬ʮҹʿȻһ̣ɱ䣬ͣױݻ٣дߣָһڵħ̾սϿգĮɨһǳ
漴ɢ
⻭棬ʱսΪ֮Ȼ
ǿ֪˭
һħսΪʹҹʧأδĿ꣬׵۳֮׵С콾Ķǿߡû뵽Ǹˡ
ҹħʿУһĻ
嶥콾ڴ콾Ҫ֮䣬ǻʲôоʵЩȲˡ
󷢳һЦ
νħսÿһУһǿѹ磬ӡ龳֮ϵǿ֣߳սϣҲֻ΢һЩиܵҹĳҹһΪﵽ龳ǿ߿Գֻ֡Ψһǣֻںҹг֣һﵽ죬ҹ龳εǿߣҪݷ
ͺǳһ
ѹһŵģһҹе콾ʵλڶ⣬ÿһδȻΪܵǿߡ
е֣֮ǰѾҹСҹ
Ѿҹɱ֮ڡ֮ǰнɱϵֻҪܻɱҹһ޴ĺôǸָĽ
ڷеĴڣȻһȤҪ䳹ɱͷȻǲûӵڻңȻܳΪɱУλǰ콾;ԲǱô򵥡õ鱨ɲ⡣
ԣ˭û⡣
ȻսҹռλȻо裬Сĵͷȴûȫη岻ǰ
ֻ۾һתͻȻǳ̤˳̤УϽޣȻһһЦǣУЦ׵УҹǶʱͷ콾ԸҹױȻŨصĶͣõĴΪĴǿߡα֮Уһ֪жߵ
У¶һǿҵĹƻ֮⡣

һЦ˭ΣҲɱҹɱҹѪɺӡһԪûҹһԪиȷ棬ҹаħǧסʹ㿪ʼ
Ʊۣ˭ǵĵӡ
£йâһȻԿǹѾС


1511 ǧ
龳
һ龳ҹǿߣңӣǰ˱ħеĶǿߣڴ˿̵ħսǾҹ콾ܴﵽ龳κʱ򣬶λڶεǿߡ
龳ǰУֱ֮ΪɡѾԪ೤ͬԡĵ̨ǾǽɣѾʼ۲ԡﵽ֤ǾǴޣ޽ɡ˳ӣ۳ʡͬ٣ͬࡣѾԪ
زࡣ
˵龳ѾؼĴڡ
ɣǾٳ档
Ѿɣؼ䣬ӵеʵ֪
ɱ飬飬ֱӸطѹһСǿ飬ǿԶս𵽾޴Ĳ࣬ǺԤġһ龳˵಻󣬿ɶ龳ǿߣȫر
Ҫ֪ؼ䣬ΪΪɿԽֻأٴתµ꣬ٴλȡµ
ĴڣһޱĴڡ
Ψһϡ
龳ƿ顣
񾳣Ԫơ
龳飬ƣΡ
龳ǿкȴûη壬龳в࣬˵ȴûеôɿԲɱ
ǹ
ɱ
ǹɱȫɱ鱦ﵽ鱦νǳ׵ꪷǹ̺ǿ֮ÿһȥԱһöǵӳ֣ǿ֮ɱɱǿһԵ鱦ս̺޾ɱɱսУ̺ɱüеϱߴΣһαһǿһαһο񱩣һӵߴΣƻﵽ߱
֪Ƕô¡
ΪߣԿɱ
ûκγɣסǹһɱȻսϡ
ϼ
ƣ
ɱƳգҵļսУ֧սƿյһɲǼ䣬Ϊһ޴ޱȵȸȸϣɢŨŨĻ棬ƺȸڡ
ȸ⣡
ȸϢΪ£ܵĿһ¾Ϳʼ̣ͬգƺڸѡɾ޴ȸ׺ޱȣſͬɫĵ棬๣â˫צ׺ĳɱȥ
һǵ֮Ȼֻǹڵ֮ȴһǧֱ֮Ӿȸɢֱӱǵһֿµĵز
ǿôܡһʿȻԱ˿µһ鱨Уû˵˿ֲļ
Ŀãɫ䣬ĸ̺ܵĿµввϢ
һסĻ
·һƬѹ
ɱ1
ȻЩվһƣȻľѳۣǾûкڵأսͬḻޱȣһֻ̣ǰֻ֩ìϹâһͻȻ䣬ìȫɱɫ˸䣬һž޴ƾճ֣ս֯յĳȸϯȥٲȻҪȸס
˸⣬ˡҪն̣·һ£Ҫ⡣
αܿҵ
зһЦĵʮšûη塣Ϊ龳ǿߣ˭û㹻İ˭䡣
Ȼȸȸ˿ûη塣
ֱӾײһ

ȸֻɫϡˣȴԾˣϣûнֱ˺ɢһɹճԣҪ๶ϡ˿ֱӲϣһ˲䣬ҪȸڡڡֱӱҪȸסҪױ
ݻ١
ƣ
ȸ񣬷Хһȸӿޱȣһ˫ɫ絶һɫ⣬ƺҪп顣ȸ£ϻΪСȸ̫Եͣ뽣£ɱӲ飬ΪƬƮɢ
Ȼǿ󡣡
Ŀãɫʱ䡣
ͨı֮ͨһǿк֮ǻ涼£һ൱ڴսȴȸա˺顣
ȸ̺жǿķâж¡
ǧ
Ŀȸٴη𹥻ʱ붼룬һ䣬ֻһžУ˲ִƬ򣬷·սڡ
ţҲһΪ⣬еΪһ壬ʱøӵǿ
ǧΪ۳ıͼһͼУǿԷӳսУͬıǱһ鱦ȡΪǧ뱾ͼںϣԲһһڶ顣
ϣס
ǧաȸڡ
ܿϹâתȻڲϵıɫʡ
һת֮£ȸٶȻ俪ʼ½ƺĳٻһ
пʼƮѩѩƮ䡣
֮һУȸײҵ
漴ϻƹһһεͻȻѹȸϣ·ɽѹ¡
ѹϡ
Ϲâϱá
١ٻ⣬綾ѻȵȡһи֣ǧĿ֮γɸ䣬֮Χ֮ڣܵѹƣ䡣
ಣ
ţһìƾֱۣӳ֣籩ȸɱȥ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿ鲼ÿһռ䣬ȫûǣȻìĹ֮¡
ܸ䣬ܵìʣѾһֵֽľ档
ƣ
ֻìȸײʱ˲Ϣ䣬дìȸɱȸ𡣵ԴԴϵì£ڷȸȸϵ⣬ɢƺҪǿĥ
󣬾Ϳȸһ·һֱӱⱩǣ˲
ɱս̺ɱ֮ʼ
ȸһ
ƿٶȻ䱩ǡ
ңһα漴ǵڶΣΡĴΡ
ÿһαȸڷǣֲɱȸۡ
ٶ֮죬޷û赲ķâȻһ˲䣬ǧӲ˺һѷ졣ǰײȥѪɫ๣˸źâ
Ϊ貵⣬һ
ţֻȸ͹ʧˣ·ȫûڡ
ҵǧ


1512 һķ
ȫһ޷ŵɫȫû뵽һ龳ǿߣңҹ콾Ȼ˾ԼǰǧȻûٴ𵽶Ǭ˺ѷ죬ǿ
ָоȫһ޷š
龳ǰֻһ񾳣Խһ󾳽磬콾콾֮䣬Խ׶սֻ˵оԲ콾
һɳǾκε˵جΡ
µǣһǧ䴩ζ޷ͨ
ǿ鱦
С׵ۣ
ſڷһź
Ż¼䣬ȻԿڣ޾Ļӿǻ棬ȫǴÿһѪӿĿģʮֿ¡ǻ棬ȸһ֣͸ȫУһ类գ֮Ϊҽ
һ𶥼ǿߣôˣңǳҹոսٵʱֻ̣棬ֱ޷˲Īľ֡
ǣ⻹һɱŻܵģȫһѹһŰɱȫȫһһ鱦޷赲龳Ϊʵ޷ѹǹɿ񱩵ļ⣬׸֮Уȫһ浹ѹ
ɱ
ɱ龳
龰κһΣǾ춯صĴ¡
ֻ
󣬾Ȼһɱ
ҹħʿĿãֻеͫƺҪһӴֱͫһָоʵ̫𾪣ʵǺҪ˭ûİգпֱУǧҹУͬԶ֪ǿߵ֮£Ϊ

һǿߣȴһɱΣ˵ĺ壬Ѿ൱ԣһɱǳǰ˵ͬһͻᱻɱҪֵ졣
ײУѾһײС
ǿȻɱǰé֮Σһֱӻףͻأʱ򣬽ǿֶ߳Ը
ĸͬһȴڱֵԽڣζţԽӵܵҹעֹעľԲʲôϢ
Уײûе̡ûˡܵ
һ̣ҹħʿһ̤ǳķΧ֮ڣһ̤оʱвпܣʱ䣬ûаܹùոһ
۾޵У۾䣡
ҧ𷢳ź
۾޵У۾䣡
֮ڰѻУǧʿͬķźźУȫܸܵǿҵľηݡϵĿȣɼ
һɱһҹ龳ǿߣ־ս϶ԣֱǴʿ
ǽϣнʿ޲ʿ磬ս
ӷĳųⷢ𹥻ǵصļ꣬ҹ޷ѻǣͱɱ׸ŵʵȫֵҹ֮ϡڶеװѹ£Щ壬˱ħ룬ֻҪһǱɱ³ҹħʿսϣߴʬеõգɱɱսϣǾǻذĴڡ
ưս
ħ׶ûʵսƾΰԭȵѾս𵽾޴ѹơռݾԵơ
۾˾٣ġǳȥһҹ󻼡ݹһᱻǡ
ҲҡҡȣЦ˵
սɱǿߣǶйġ
ݵĹ
ɱҹһ񺣾ˣһ㹦ѫ
Ͼʮ㹦ѫ
ͼһٵ㹦ѫ
ླһ㹦ѫ
Ԫ񾳣һѫ
񾳣һǧѫ
龳һڹѫ
Ҳ˵ڸոգɱħѫϣеĹѫѾֱһڵĹѫ㡣ɲһСĿҪ֪ǴݻһţĹѫҲֻʮڹѫ㡣Ҳ˵ɱʮ龳ǿߣҲ൱ڴݻһŵĹѫ㡣
Ȼߵǲͬġ
龳Ѿһǿߡʣսϣս񣬸սսϣһеĴڣҪɱһǼΪѵ飬ҹһ龳Ҳŵǿߡڻɱһ󣬺ʣնҹһ󽫡
һڹѫ㣬ܶһָ챦
ӲҪ˵սϣѫĻȡΪ˹ѫѫ幦ѫ
˹ѫģɱٵˣ͵õٹѫ㡣֮Իȡ֮ڣвõĹѫʮ֮һһӴ֡
˵սʼĹѫÿʱÿ̶ڱǡ
һѣֻǿʼҹսǱԶҹƣһսĴֻ»ἫΪվЩսǻᱻҹƣ㲻ƣҲʧءֹۡ
һ˵˵ʵڣľ棬ֹۡԲɱһ龳ǿ߾Ըıս֣Ǽֱһֳ롣ʮޡ
һ䣬µƷѾڵһʱС
صģȻǼ鱦ǧȻ̫ͻȻȻǧȴûжǧ̫ˣң鱦лָֻҪеĴ첻ɳ棬ǾͲƻǲƵ¡
鱦޸ޱȡ
˵ֻҪһʱ䣬ǧһ鱦ֻ鱦û˭ܷӳͬһǿֻУܷӳǿǳ
Ȼɲܸıһʮǿ鱦
öȻʩӸ䣬֮ͷ·ľǿսһҪƿǧѡǹɱ»δκε
ǧһ˿̾
ڣǹɱ鱦ǣɱ̺ɱܹ֮ߴαƿҪȻֻ»δ˺
ҹħʿĸȻ嵽Ȼ龳εĶǿߣȴû˭Ҵǳֱ̤ȥĿ⣬ʼնڶУսϣһһ֣Ǳκζǿв
ڵǳǹʱðƺеŶ˶رգӵİ˱ħŲӿֻԴԴϵķӵڳŰѻǲϷ𹥻ͬҲڷٵĳ˷ɢӡ
Ϯܵս
ħսУʹһƬȻΧսǣһҵĴսš
УģǺĳ
壬ҹͦȷ


1513 
սһʼÿʱÿ̶սɱҹһһͬˣڵҹܶսеĸսʿʵ£޴ڳǽ£⣬սǶһѪĥ̡ź
һս֪Уһҹ
ҹʱֻǳҲͬһʱ̣ͬʱ
ЩͶŵħսϵҹȴ˿ûʧͣսϣûпսǣǽս֮ĸ򣬲ռݡԿսܣҹ塣Щƺõĳûڰֱӳսǡѡΰռս֮
Щ򣬱սǸ
ָҹаħսС
ܿ嶼Уо޴ľսϺУҾⱡֻг壬иָҹ壬ģӿֳҹū
Щҹūȫؼ䣬޾֮ҹֶ£սûǻۣûи飬ֻзԹеһɱ¾ܣΪҹūۣΪսԴԴϵȷڻҴһսԵģҹū
ū赱ս޴ѹ
񣬳սϵģֻūҹš˿̣һҹ֮䣬ħսһֹľ档
ս֮ڣ¡Ǹս֮⣬ҹ¡
֮䣬νμ
һãȻһҵĴս
Ȼɢս֮ĻǴΣգ֪
׼ô졣
ߣѯʵ
һսԵƽϳѻǵҹ׷ȥֻռս϶ѣֻҪǷ𹥻ЩٶսǷ𹥻
ȻҪҳǰɻᷢ𹥻ĳ׻ɱ
ս֮ϣûа֮˵ȣûбҪǰսҹɱսֻһֶΣشֻζţһǿȻأԹҲδɡոһսǿθ˶ѣҪսܹս֮ڡ˲ңҴ׸ҡ˲ܣҴܡ
оһȻ˵
ǵӦҹĳʣֳʱƣԽԽأԽԽ¡ܹԸ񡣺ο׵ʵҹ֮£֮ϣ־еװľ
ϣѻУвսʿһȫʧģһըѣЩҹͱͨͨɱ
֪׽ʿսжǿ
۾ǣҹչǻɱһǾһ㲻ɱǾͶһҴױǿ׳ܶɱһЩͬǻһʵĹѫ㡣нʿкôֱֻ뿪սǣҹɱδЩף֡Щȴδǲܽбġ
һ˿ɫҡҡȣ˵
οɱûиۣ죬ͬҲһʾ޴ġ
кθ߼ֱ˵
׵ͷѯʵ
ǰѻǣǿƶϱ÷λȻˣѾռȨӸ£ռǿƣȫ̶κλãҲֱĳһҹаħȫκ֣硣ӰѻͶסԴģֱɱ˶֡ߣۿըĽɱɱս
ƽ˵
ླֱӺɱԪ񾳾ȥҲҪشһģıըƻֻøǿ
ȫǴӿжԵ淢ĺը
ңֻף칤Ƴľ綾ըͬԶҹɾ޴ɱˣȻиֻͣҪҹȻ伫
˵
칤Щоսɲ綾ըǾĶ綾һըͻữΪ綾֮ٸǴƬȫ綾ޱȡ˵칤󼯺ϸ־綾֮һؾ綾
֮ô¡
Ӹ߿ս׷ţӽʲôطһֲֿĴɱɵƻޱȾˡ
Я綾ˣΪľҹʱԳ䲻⣬ɻԵĴĴɱ
ܺãȻˣǾͷԸȥѻǴշɹҹܼ֮أֱ׽кըĵоʩչ綾ϧһУܵɱ˵ˡ
ԥĴӦ
ⷽãֱҹ沫ɱӵöȥ㹻ǳһܰȫܴģɱҹо飬ôܻ᲻
⵱Ȼǲܵġ
ⷽãôռȨƾʲôֻҹǡ
գգ۾Ц˵
ˣֻҪҹūгټҪ׳֣Ƚѹҹūʧǣɱ¾ʴУȴԴԴϵĳΪǴ׵ıԴֻҪгıԴҴ׵սǱҹʮ꣬ǧΡ
оһȻ˵
ħսʱ䷢޴׻ﵽʲô̶ȣ˭޷˵£꣬սѾʮϰ꣬һɱ£ʿʧأҪ䣬һ־޴⡣
а취в䡣
۾ġһūټӦǽѹоꡣ
Ц˵

ѻڤѻϣֱսϿտʼƶٴ۳һܣз·һ޴Ʋ㡣ԴˣЩҹаħû⣬ûҹʹһʼԭȵɱ¾ƺʼʱѹơ
ʱֻƲУͻȻһںԲཱུĶ
͸Ǳһ
ҹаħ̧ۿգͬЩںĶЩҹūеҹʶǻۣū֮Уڴƿأܲκ⡣ǳŻǹһʱӦ
ںģô
ҹħʿ̧ۿգͫ˸ƺڰૡ¶֮ɫ
棬ûиоʲôΣϢ·ƽĶ
Ҫ⣬˵ο˲ٵǿߣĹƣɲô˳
к˷ֽе
ҲûиоʲôΣաֻ١
֪УͿЩںԲŵģһƬۼʮҹаħ


1514 ը
¡¡
ЩڵϵʱͻȻ䣬ûиܵһ˿вһӾͷǣǿҵϢ˲ؼ俪ʼӡҹаħҲ¶֮ɫУ̫Ũң̫죬̫ͻȻ
˵ǵӴҪͻȻֵĹҲǲܵ顣
һööģȫס
ʱʱըһ¾ų޾ĺڰ⣬һ𣬻Ϊһֻɫ֮⣬ÿһƶ·ؼâ

ܣ
ҹĻ
ϡ
ҹаħо٣붼룬ַͨϵʩչַ˳Ϊľǵֵе־־塣
ֻϧ޾Ļɫ£֮ϯһƬƬһööױը֮ȻȻϵһ໥£ƻ͸ӵǿ
˲Ϣ䣬Ϳиµҹаħ׷ױ˺ķѣ׻ΪУ궼ڱըе𣬸ǵﵽԲʮ
һը
һƬƬҹаħ䡣
У˲ء
УŲٵ綾ûµҹаħ׷ھ綾֮£ܿƬƬаħսϡ
ͬʱܿһҰɫսϺͽһ߾ʬһֱգʧ֮С
Щʬȫɰѻǵϣֱ뵽֮Уڲ֪Уӣһ֣ΪѻǵϡȴһεĽ
꣬ҲһոΪ׹ڤѻеĲƷɳϡ
Ȼ׵۳̫ˣôȫ޷ġʱôո˶꣬˶ĺǡ
׹ڤѻվڳͷŴڤѻʼո꣬ոǣָо̵ģиӿֳһֵ֮ɫ
Ҫ۹ô׵۳ĺð취׵۳ľţսɱʵֲ̫ˣ̫ǿˡȫǿֲս˾̾
ڶԣֻһЩף׾ٵոʮϰҹаħָо
ҲǰԾ̾Щ׵ǰԵĺܡ
һɵƻǿ
ֱ׾ٵոøЩҹɱѾڴģĻɱǡ
˭
ӣȻ͵ϮⲻͨͨһʩչûףƳĻ౦ֻһ㣬ֻһͱڻ֮ڡ
Ƭ򸽽һҹаħ¶һ˿֮ɫкȻɡȫû뵽ѻ
¡¡
ÿһξ룬ֻҪҹаħڶ򣬾һöö״ս֮һδλ
һξǼʮϰ
ʮֱӾǼǧս
սƷǹѫڷӡ
ըϵĺը
ѻǲƶƶɱͳ
һʱ䣬սϸҹС鷳һҹʿû뵽ڷе㷢ɡ
쿴ô£дҹаħɱˡ
ʲôϵǿȻڶҹаħ𹥻֪һλӢۣҳôҪ֪һһ
ãããȻһϣսֽǱصҹֻҪܶɱЩаħǾòֵ塣
һսڿΧҹܺըȫһֻϲּ̬
֪УѻѾԽƬǴӴսϿշɹͻȻ䡣ǽϴһ
۾·дҾңӦܵҹӰҹū
˵
վڳǽϣ¿ȻԿһƬУҾЩҾսףսҲǧٹֵģкаףʵģҲƤ֯ġһۿȥܸоһ¡һûơ
ȻʵȴԲ
иָı֣Ⱥľۼһ
ǹܱꪱȵȡÿһɢϢͨˣΪҲ񺣾ΪǿģϾͼܿΨһһ㣬ң޼ɿԣУججģȫһŨǡ
ҹūһģһңսǻʣɢϢҹһϢܵҹơֻ֪ɱ¾ɱ¾ϵɱ¾
һֻЩҾѾ򡣺ѹѹľһƬЩҾķɫܿĳǻƤ۾ͷϣ׻òͬġ
ҾȻǾ;ԲܴһҪȫ
оһԥ˵
ȡģȻҪϧһеĽȡ棬ں̶ܴϣܹ޴档
۾붯ð󡣡ҡҡ˵
սɱͬ󡣲ɱЩҾǾֻȽסȻƽϵҹϢָҡ
׵ͷ˵
սźڡ
ͷ漴
սڴˣʱ׼ս
󻢴˵
սⰺ
սҲ¹󣬾̹ҹҾιʼʩɵƯЩ
Ц˵
۾͸ģҾѣٶ༸һԽס󻢺ԥ˵սȫս󡪡𣡣
һ£ûаɣѾʮսŽʿӰѻֱ̤ӴսڰУѾʼ
һӰá
һϵͼͻȻڴϿգͼ£ÿһʿȻȻͼǣ¡ͼȻȻգ뵽սϡ
һŨİۿɼٶȷӣƾռӵֵٶʮ־ˣգۼ䣬ͽƬȫסʮϰٱֹŨİա˲ʹս
𡪡ſ
УһĶϺ
ֻһɫĹųڰУڰڣ֣ϣֳһ˶ġݡ֣ǹУݳޱĵϡ
𡪡ſ
𡪡ſ

һϺС
ֻһ޴ų֡
תۼ䣬нʿѾʧܿģֻİԼڰеİš
Ž󣬳ɣ
ͬʱʮҹҾֱӾͱǽȥ
ɱ1ɱɱ
ԵЩŵҹҾױѣһɱɢɱ׷糱ˮ㷢𹥻ֻɱ¾


1515 ո
һ˿ɶûУ԰԰޴Ĺţľг˽ȥңЩҹҾʲôط֣ᱻϢŲƵǰҪȥֻܴŶ롣̤ţǾˡ
ˢˢˢ
ҹҾԥĳУη
Ȼ򣬲ܶҾȥʼûκα仯Ÿ߹ңһ㱻ļûУֻܿڲϷá
ϲ۾ҾС
Ц˵
żֻҪҾһЩʱȻǴ׵ĺýʿҾԽԽáеȻһЦƽ˵
棬µĿɲֻǰսʵֻǰϵһӶѣڰϣ˿ռӡǣ򿪵ǿռšһ̤ȥĲս֮ڣֱӱͽУаٵ֮С
ԴԴϣ಻
Ҿܶ࣬һ棬̤Уķѵʱȷʵ࣬ܿͿܱսϵҾһɨգȫʧսУϢˡ
ţսս󣬷ذѻǡ
УʱѾ׽
Żع飬ԭȵֱһɨգÿյģȻڽһʱ䣬յһᱻҹаħӾռݣȴʵʵڵҹһ
˿̣ںС
аڵУҹҾϵĳƬСУյģûڣȴһĵϣ·ãֵɣÿʱỵ̈ڻص
ЩҾƺЩãȻ޷⣬ոյĵ˶ȥˡ
죬׷̧ۿա
ܿһ޴ı֣Уգ˲𺳡ڱϣȻԿÿһƬҶһ֦ϣƮʱȻȻɢö
ˢ
ʱֺ󣬶ʱ걦ų貵İ׹⣬ʥࡣ
УȻֳй٣дݣӵȵȣһȻ֣ٴοʼ쳹УһתЩոҾȫڡ
УЩҾϣðĺʹ֮ɫ
ˢˢˢ
ɢİɫ£ʱǺͷ·ѩһ׾ٵıĥһΪΡĥ
֪У֮ǰ¶ʹҹҾϿʼ֪УѾɢϡ
ƺУŸָԴԴϵ꣬飬ϴͬʱҲڲϵȫµһӡǡ
ڶɻ
аЩҾжɻҹ֮аͬʱһʱУҳڴףҳ壬ҳеӡǡ
Ǵװգڴף壬ڵ۾ҵǵ۾ġ
һҾвϷ
ǵĿԽԽԽԽ¶һֿȵ·õܣѾɱգңУѾ¶Դףеҳϡһ̣˵ȥ󣬾ֱȥһκεԥ
Ѿɱ鱦аӵеľɻʵ̫ǿˣԲȷŴĶɻҪѷɫֺǿ档
ҪɻǰЩҾûкķѶٹ򣬺ɵľѾɾɻԺ˵һͷųȥЩҾΪм֧ߣ֧֮һ
ڴ׾УʹźҹҾɵľŽʿǾе˼뻹û˭ܱǸӼᶨ
һپջԴ
ȻЩҾɻΪ磬ûа취Ĺս޷ȣҪµĹȡս䡷ĴСڹؼʱ̣õϵġⶼֳɵıԴ
ıԴ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ˵ЩҾתɵĽʿѾɳԼսĵز
ߣǰֻҪҾԸոյķʽԸЩҾǴûбԴоȻ͹սδزܽ׳Ҵ׵۳
еȻһЦ
аħս棬ֻҪõĺãǾ޷ġ
ǣ۾
ЦŴӦ
ѻǼǰУʩźըƻԴԴϵսսֳԵĻ档ԴԴϵҹɱ
Ǽʮϰ򣬶Ǽǧľ֡
ܼҹаħÿһκըȥɵƻǷӵ¡
УͬҹҾ
ЩҾǺʩչԭȵֶΣҪʽףֻҪþõʽϾЩҾɱ¾ʧǣڸսжϣ򵥣ֱӵģȫûжԵˣΨһķӦɱɱɱ
󣬾ȫɵı͵Саϴ񾻻
ħսϵҾʵ̫ˡֻһ죬ҾͲǧ֮ࡣһθһνħսʱɲһʱֻǱأѻȴԿƶսѲӣҾȻǲͬնۡ
ǧ˰Ҿϴɻ⻹ֻǵһ졣
ҹʼʱͳһ±ɻҾаһ˿ϲǧ˰Ѿȫɴ׵ˡǴ˳
ľٶȻᾪҹڰ죬գɻ鿴սϵΣ£Ѿҹ߷Χ֮ڣһɣĴսôˡ
ҡҡȣ˵ûоֹ̫ۣǰɣֻҹûг棬˵ûӵԭһȻòһϵǳţ˭֪ǷԸı䷽λҪǿԣǾζţҹΧκһսǵ
ȻУɱȻûд۵ġ
ҹȻϮ֮ƺҹųУ֮ǰͬһʱ̣ͬʱ֣ҹǿ֧ţûбʵսҪǸı䷽λžҪ¸֣ƶУûҹΪ֧ţš
ΪȻܿǳȴ޷ֱӹǣ޷ǳֳǳδǱλãڳֺѾУһʵ֮䡣϶ޱȡһˣǾֱӳħսϣ˵¶Σգʵ̫
ҪᣬҹɱδػҪĸΣȫΪսϸսǵԮʱ֧Ԯ
еȻ˵
ãϵǹ
̧ۿգɫһ


1516 
ܿźҹ٣ҹɫոտʼսʱǳٴοʼų貵ǹ⣬ͬһֻֻС۾˸мţͻȻҫ貵ǹ⣬֯һ쳣ͷ·ǿͨǳǵĲһ
ңЩǳڲϵƶƶٶȼ졣ƺڲϵıãԼ䣬Ҫ׷ʲôˡ
ãҹҪˡӣпΧ˶
̧ۿգ¶һ˿֮ɫȻ˵
ЩǳƶķƺڳŰѻǿָоԲһ㡣
䴫ݶΣϢĸоõ
ţڸˡǺûᣬҪɱңǾͿǱɱǣɱҡкη֮ɫ¶һ˿ĺâ
ΪҹôĶû뵽ҹֵľıеҪĶ࣬ȫ׼ϧһдۣҪҪ
һתض¡
ȻȻЩ⣬ȴûŵסС
ҪУ֮䣬ʵ֮䣬ҪƻԶеҪѣҹ¶Ȼٺò
ǹɱ
ûгɣһ䣬ѾУסսͬʱһε֣֮칭ɱѾսϣ˸ɱ
⣡
ڣһļȻȻɱС
乭һǳɡ
һ˲䣬ɱѾΪһ⣬㻮Ƴգһöƶǳɱȥ
һ磬ȥͬʱΪһ޴צۣͷ·һմСٶȼ죬ǹɱķâɱйעȥļ⣬ǿͨͨһ̣עС
һԹᴩ¡
սһ޴ֱƿգգһö˸ǹǳɱȥ̣Ǵݳһļ⡣˲䣬ս
˭Ȼ׼գҪЩǳ𹥻ǳţҪݻͨǿҸо̺ǿԴݻǳǿ𡣡
ԣⲻ壬ǣ֮Уܳħսϣⲻ壬Ǽ⣬ļ⣬˭˭ļ⣬£Ѿﵽټ⡣ļ⣬ǰԵס
ÿɹһ٣ᷢɱ䣬˵ңУ̺־Ӽ᲻ɴݣڸսУоεսһٿһ硣⣬ǿߣңڸսУ˵ġ
һǿߣ⣬ᱻѹƣǵɱױɱԵסٵ⣬Ѿ൱ǿߣο⻹ֻǼ⣬۷Ѫȵȣƻֻøǿ
ټⰡһλڳ֡
ԣЩǳҹ֮ǰеģûа취ںмǳڱ÷λħսֳһΣ˵ԽһűֻҪܱ顣ǾĹһҹͨΪսϼһЩѹ
˲еı仯һ¶ڴ֮ɫ
˵һ̣ħսϣսڵĸʿ׷̧ۿգƺڴʲôܸо⣬ǿһǿ
Ȼһ֡ǵ졣ΪҹǺ۸ôɱҹ콾ҹ䡣ڻƣ֮׵У㵱治ôնͷ
öǳУһŭ𴫳У޾ķŭΪȫǶҹһơ
һڵĳìǳð˳ìϣȻԿһڵ׹˸
ͨҹì
һͨںϺڰҹΪһ壬ݱĿͨһʩչںڰУǿңܹҹ֮޿ײ룬ԿٷӳǿƻںҹУӵнðҹìʼմ۷״̬С
ȫ±ġһ˲佫ҹìݻ٣ٶ࣬ҲںҹѸٻָά۷塣
˵һͱ鰵ҹìκβͨ
飡
ҹì㻮Ƴգ˲ǰֱӾͺ֮Ҫɱһ涼û˼
Ȼȴ˿ûа壬·ǿսܣһŤһת̽צì˳ȥ
ײʱʱͿɫ׹⽻ҽ棬ܼ׹糱ˮìбÿһ·ϸСìԶأ˺աϣڲϱ飬ȴһ˲䣬ֱӻָ
ͬʱ˲䱩ǣϢ⣬·ֱߵĲΡ
꣡
һУȻԿİҹìצ£Уìգۼ䣬Ѻۣ漴Ȼըѣı̺еıԴ֮ױ
ì顣
㿪һܿ£׵۵֮¡Ӳӡ
һ
ȻодݳĿ
ûֱĳǵֳײȥ
¡¡
ɱɱ֮ױײϡ
ŵĺľǺˣǺ˾һöǳıԴһǳһ磬˵̺ľһıԴ֮һ֪֮Ҫ뺳ںء졣пһƬص
ƫƫɱ̺ͬǧӳֵرԴ֮ûܵŵ塣һ貵ǹš޴б顣
һҵУֱ顣ΪһƬ˸ǹ⣬Ҫ˷ȥЩƬȫǾ֮κʱ򣬶κһ飬ͳ
Ƭɶߡ
Ŀãоһ
ǰ̽ȻԿǰһɫĹšת޾Ŀռϣ⡣һֻ־ôȻ̽˽ȥһ̣ͿУһͬĹţУһֻƾճ֣ɢǿҪȥƬȫȡУڡ
컯֡ռţ
ǰһţڶ濪һš֮ڣ˲Ϣ£룬ǰ塣գ֮䣬ͽƬȫɽȥС
ҵţ׵ۣ㲻ݡãǺˣ
ʱȻԿһɫۣͷϳһֻǵҹ콾֣¶ŭ뾪֮ɫ
ųʱһ޴Ǻ˳ԭأǺϸȥŲ³˵ԴСͨɢŨǳ֮֯ĵơӴıԴ֮ת


1517 󼪴
ŵĺڣ֮ǰƬǺȣǾǾɵȫûпɱԣÿһöǺˣǶ޼֮ҪǱͨʿõȫԽǺˣٳɳͻͽʱڣͳɳΪһǿߣǽ˳Ϊܼǿߡ
Ǻ˵֪
õǺˣں֮УΪϣڽǧʱһ֮ļֵ޷
鲻ʲôֻҪǺ˻ڣǾͿٴµţֻǺķһЩԴѣЩҹ˵Ǵ⡣
ĿǺ˳ֺгֵǿߣԥֽǺȡˮ¥̨ǺǰȻѵˡ
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콾ɫ¶ſڼ䣬ȻǺֱ̽ţĿڵķ򣬷һϺȡһμ䣬ѾŰѻǶȥٶȣֱǿ쵽˼飬ںҹУٶͬ硣
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ܿЩ׷׷׻Ϊһڿڵ׵ƳգŰѻǵصϯȥУģȻڵλã飬ҪƬ򣬳׸ڡ
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ѻǵĳǽϣ֪ʱðһȺ׹ڤѻͫգ̶ѻţͿѻУһڵĻ֣սȫסֶݳһɱ֮׵նڻϣʱͿ˸ֻǵһȴûб׵֡ʮ졣
׵ۣĽգļաҰ׻һ̡
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ֻҹ׺˿ѾСסʱܿҹ׺͸һŹֵ¯࣬ȻⲢ¯ŸعϵƺаԱãŹ
׻ʣ㻹Զʳ׵ݶʳһ˳Եµ𡣿ɱ﷭˴ͽЦдݻŵһɱ˭СǾȡ֮ȻͽѾﵽ۷壬ͽ˭޷Զʳ
׵۵˭Ҫ֣ڱУ鱨׵ۣһǿߣԳۣ޷Ծ׻ʣǵ˵ɱ嶯ϾͿŲƣӵĻ˵
ģҪ˶೤ʱͿɷסٷոյһǿ޷ֵűƣЩǰҪʧֵġ
Уһ֡
ܿЩȫǴһööǳзЩƶǳΧѻǣѻƶҪΧˣһ㶼˿һγ֣Ϊһɱֵҹ콾ʮ
ңȫ龳콾һ֣֪ǶôµĹơ
Ҳ°ոհ׻ڵűһ䱬Ļ棬ǿĿĿãƶʱֱӱ¶ħս֮Уû֮ǿĹǿԱŵġ
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ڰ׻ѾִѻǣֻҪǣסУͿ˳ŴŲƣ赣
ֻҪֱӽ֣ȾǣһעãɱҲ°׻ʲ׵۵Ķ֡
׵ۣ㿴ʵֶΡ
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ţͷ­Ȼ䣬Ѿһնϡն׶
ڹһ׻Ѿһֻ޴㰵׼
󼪴Լ
ջն񵶣ֻҺڷڣ˵


1518 ħʥ
û뵽ⰵ׻ͬһֻ㰵׼һ龳սڱһնףȫǰǰһ̲ѽöʵǺö龳ļҲûгԹһԴ󱥿ڸʳģ˿ˮ
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һҹ콾аԵոһĻǴʵ̫ˡ
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ʱһҹ콾ԺУȻ˵ӻУһǿһɶصϢһһУ˴ǿġ
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˶ʱ¶һ˿˷֮ɫȻ֪˵ݣңҹУ˵ǴΡ
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ܿдһħЩħıϣȻԿһϲۣսǹʿϣµħںһһ㶼ûͻǢʵ໥Уɱ䡣õ
ҹһּǿı塣
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ÿγ֣սܹʤǿڡ
Щħĳ֣ܿ飬һȥֻвϰ֮࣬ԴԴϵķӵǿ뷱ͬġȵġ
ǵɲеôϡ١
ҹϯ
ʨӥʨӥ壬ʨӵԴӥĳ򣬿˵壬һڿսΪսԷ˵ƻÿһ̺߰ϣķԿֵ
д壬ԴԴϵķӵ
һߴľ˴ǰÿһ϶ɢֲͬĹâ£ӿֳǿҵıϢЩ˿Ÿָıÿһмʮɸߣϰɸߣһ̤ǵضɽҡ
ָҹڰѻܣͬһʱ̣Űѻǳɱ
ٶȼ죬һ磬Ŀⶢڰѻϣǿ˲ĳˡ
׵ۣɸҳҵһսһһ
ħֵǳУһҹ콾̤


1519 ʽ
һħ콾ǿߣһɫսϣ£̤һ޴ɫħÿһƬ۶ֳܿһε״һ֪ħԲͨħѪ̺ͬСɡ
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˿һֱ֣Ӿзơ
У͸¶һּϢ
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еĮ˵
۾ûϹȻܿĳܵʮǳѾѻΧסһӵһ龳ǿصĶɣʮ龳ǿߣԼʵεţҲյأΪӢ£ǲһƥ֮£ɾȡ
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ֻҪһɱͿƾľ֮ԴԴԴϵĻָٴͶɱս֮С
ոһ𺳵ǣȫѷɫ龳ս

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ĿãͷһᣬҪǰ

һͿһ˲両֣ǣ漴Ϊǧɣգڻǰ̽צ


1520 
Ȼһôܡ
Ŀãһײ䣬оԽڣݳޱķâԵķ֮˺һУͬǿս֮ϡʽʱ͸뼤սһ
ʽ֮趯գΪһ󺣳ϫ֮ϯһһⷶΧУͷ·ҪԴԴϳܴ󺣳ϫ֮·γһƬ󺣡
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ʩչʱչֳȴǽ֮֮γɵһƬɫ󺣣һɹɽɫ˳ϯ̺֮ķ֮˲һУ·ڵɽ֮С
ʽһսΪ磬·ϢԴͬȻͬ磬̺֮ĺ磬ǴĽҪΪĩ촷ۡ
ȻʽͬʩչַͬɱԴͬչֳͬȻͬʮνǧ򻯣ԡ
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Ȼ龳սɱסڲȥ֧Ԯҡ
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磬޶޶ȵȡ
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ʮһսҹ콾սĻ棬ޱȡ
ʮһ۾Ȼϴۣսʵ̫ǿˡܸоЩһܽɱɢһѹĻǲ˼顣
˵Щҹ콾龳ǿߣȻ򲻹ǵ۾һսҿЩ콾˵ûеô
ʮһˣ֪۾ͷųҪǵս˭ǵ۾Ķ֡
սУһʿૣ۷׷ףУ¶֮ɫĿⶼһƬȡ
ԭǷĹѹ֣ѹÿվڷߣоԾһĪľη˿ĲŹս
ƿһĨȻ֮ɫ
ϣǰԼоһ˿Īѹֻһֱ벻Ϊʲôڲ׹ŹмǿĿ֮ѪеѹơǳĿ¡
Ҫ֮ԵУʣһսֻ»ᱻѹƵ൱
Ҫ֪˵е̬ȶᷢı仯
һ׵ֻۣƾЩκεǡΪħɫ࣬ûࡣ
ħĿã¶Ŀ⣬ӵ콾ԲȥʱԽոҹвԽԣ죬Σ̽еĵߣлĻһҪֽɱ
һͳһս̤ȥһ䣬·سɴ磬˲һս֮ǰһץйâһȻһ˸߲ĳӳ֣ǹâһۿȥ˲ԾһĪĸоУƺԴԴϵ
ֻ
㡣
ĿãһϺȡ

ţһ֣ͬʱһ׹·ˮɢ
ǹâУʥʥϢ·𣬹ա


1521 
Ȼһʥ
ʥһʥ֮ȻȻĳսɢȥħߵħƻ֮ڹ£ʼɢ֮أڰȻȥ޴ɲءȻΣֹ򣬶ħһ壬żĿ֮
Ȼйʥ
ħĿúҲ¶һֿŭ֮ɫôû뵽лרһΪ˶ԸǰһаɢУѹƵļ
ҪԸսħ߲òתԸʥ
ʮʮսвɱʮҹ콾ȫסɱһǻ棬ԵüңǲңʮսηûĸеֻвɱУϹɱͷɱʯ٣Ĵ򷨡
һ㣬ҹ콾ţʩչ
У
һ̣ǰѻǣսУʿǿߣĿõһսĿսգʮҹ콾ɱĻ档
ͨϵʩչ
ڴƬ¡
뱩У̺Ÿָķ֮ǧ򻯣ϮԷ뱩꣬ǾǽҪǰΪ촷ۣݻ١
սУνǲǧﶼܿһħսĴս
ǻУǳ£Խӵˣһ㣬ҹģ֮ǰǴɱĻ棬սսе콾壬
ڿȴȫΪµһʢ̨
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ôܣ׵۵ʵȻѾﵽ˸߶ȣ˾磬ֱǣǲ˼鰡ʿĿɿڴզ࣬ĸƢڲ
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ʹսɱսսͨһֵ۵ͨǿʵ̫ǿˣͬһЩڣսΧ׵۵ã΢΢
ЩҹаħȻĶ׵ˣȻɳʮ콾֣ȫҪ׵أȴû뵽׵۵ĵǿһҿЩҹаħҪ޲ߡ޹ϧҵʵҪȻҪǰ׵һ֮
徹ȻǿߣšɵƯ磬ҪǶһЩǿߣγֵסҹϮҹҲδɡ
ǿ߰ૡһʱ䣬۷׷ףͬʱĿ˿û뿪ս
ɢڰȴɢе֮УĥУɢа֪аͬѹڰһССսҲѹƱʥӣ𡣡
ħȻսֱӾסǵľٶʮֵŭǸо·һ衣֮ɫ䣬еǱ߲ʳȻų貵⣬ͻȻðһɫʲһĹ߰㳯ŹʥƹȥǲʴתѤ˫ڹʥϡȻҪ֮Уս
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ħУ飬޲һУͨҲ⣬Է츲أħߣҵıħһս赲δ̫СƱʥӡ
ħЦеɫħߣһڣıħһ鱦̺鷨ϣܹԴԴϵļȡ֮ħߣж٣ħߵͻжǿħУ̺һ磬ţ֮
һħ߻У˲ͻ飬ֱֻþв԰ΡʮְԵħ
һ֮νԵޱȡ
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ħЦſе
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ڴͬʱܿҹ콾ͬʱʼз׷׳һħıһ䲻£Ȼս顣
ƺս˲䷢ת

Ŀãȴû˿ɫƽٴ³һ
һ£ʱһٴʮһδ֣Ծ˵ٶȳաɢϢ·һ㶼ûܵӰ졣
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ħɫ䣬ʮɫѿոձƺһӰ춼ûУȫûκˡʵ˸оľ
۲ġ
ƽ˵
ǱʥӾͽǼҾͲţƵĽǸκͨмޡ
ħЦ˵
ôΪոܵģǱͨȫʵôǲսѡսǺܿͻ֪
еȻ˵
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⻰һҹ콾ɫɵ䣬¶֮ɫֻǻսʩչʵʱֻжôĿ¡

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Ż£ȻԿ
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бԴķʽתϱá
ɱ䡣
ÿתһΣϢڷǡ
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Ϣֱӳ龳֮
£ɫ⡣
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γɵһɲǼ䣬ʱͺĳħֱצһצʱն·𱻽֮أצ£·𣬾һƬءε޴ڡ
ɱ
ħɫ䣬붼룬һʱӳħߣֻ˸ɫľ޴צţײʱȴһַ·֮ѭϢ·ĥһ㣬ħеӲĥצ޿ƥе˲ħǰһס
飡
ûаɣһ֮£󱬡
ͬʱ趯һɫ·󺣳ϫ㣬˲串գҹ콾ȫڡ
飡
һҹ콾·ϫ֮У׷ըѣһѪڱͬʱܿǵ鱦׷׻Ϊ⣬ѸٶǳСʧ
ˢ
һƬžҹ㣬һ̣ȫ壬о綼߸ոһĻȫ·һ㡣Ĳʵ


1522 ķ
ôܣ
һ̣ʿ㻹ҹһǿҵ𺳣ֻоڲĶҪӶҪڵϡһĻȫ֮ǰ෴˲Ϣ䣬սַ췭ظתǿɱһսҹ콾Ȼһͱɱ
Խ龳ﵽ̨ʵ׵۱磬񾳲ΣǿԽ󾳽սôܣɴûгֹ
ǿʵ̫ǿˡȫ߸֪־磬ԿԽ󾳽磬ӳǿս鱦ҹ콾Ȼһɱ鱦޷赲⡣ζţ׵ֻҪԸ⣬ȫ淥̨ǿߡ
ͨΧңͨȻı仯Ȼ໥ںϣһͨνǧ򻯣ںϵУ˲սǣȫǲԵɱ䡣
һսħսʿΪ֮𺳡
УԭȵĴ׵۳صһ˳֮ݣתһǿߣ֮ͬУ޵еǿߡ˭޷Ĵڡ
ոչֳսʵ̫Եˡ
۾޵У۾޵У
ѻУǧʿ¶ĿøӵĿȣһ޵еƣȻ
ʮǳУһĬܿУȻŸոձɱʮҹ콾һĿ¶ȻĿУеļɵǰδеŨ

п³һ
ѾףǸոܹӵ֮ձסΪ콾ıƣʲôԽܵ顣
ոʱоЩ֣ڿȫŻ᲻µ
ܽǵͬһֺ¡һΣΣѵϸ˭ݳޡܶ龳õǼֵɲһ󣬺ܶоԵģԾҪ󡣾ԽߣҪѶȸ
һ龳ûõġ
ҲڣһԷϵʮս㹻Ի͡
ðԵͨȻһУոֻһʱѣҪһﵽ̨Ρ׻ɱҵȡ
ħǳУЦ˵
ոʣûзӳս콾սԵ̨ǿߣ㲻Уһάֲܣ
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Ŀ⣬ڹеҹ콾һֱķζҪըȫơң⻹֮ǰ·ǡ

ǳĴ
Ǳûڷû˭Ҵǳ̤ոܹǰû˭ţл̫ͨԵ̫졣ովͳʮ˭еܲͷųʮǸ
壬ҷ档ѻǳ׹ռ
ɱɱɱ
һҹ콾ûֻܷһŭʹźҹūĳŰѻǷ棬𹥻
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ͬʱܿаħĹƣʮֵĿ񱩼ҡ
ܼļǵصѻǡԳнʿɼвнʿڼˣҪԭʼüػĻ£˺ǳƬƬĳ֡
սһʼԵüΪҡ
ֻǣУвûм֣ڴ׸ţཫʿǵսײֽȥսȻпᣬγһ
аħÿʱÿ̶ڳŰѻǷԴԴϵĴһǳɱ࣬ң࣬һӳսӵľˡ

಻Ĺƣ׾ųչһ֮սԴ׾ŵսҹҪռȻô׵顣ս뽺֮С
ڴʱ֮ǰЩҹ콾ĴսҲ׿ʼɢ
˿̣ħսϣңս֮⣬һ׹ۻɵɽϣȻԿһӰĪģһԵĸдһɫȹƮսϣʮֵޣ·ԡѪһڵķ˿޷ԶȻƮ
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һְ޵еĶذ
ƣŮУǶһ޶˫
һָⷭת
̧׿սգһĨɫұʿǡսٻᣬаħȾҺۡ
ಣ
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һǰһƬƬѪȾźȹ
ǵӰ¡˫

սϣһɽУɽУʬ壬ʬ룬ٲȻԿһѩ׹װŮӰȻϣһͭߣϸֳףЦпƺ濴޾ıϡԾı塣
ŮУٲȻԿһɫ˿˿·һȻƮͳ󣬲ڱ֮䣬ɫװһĪĺг
ܿϣݳһ׻Ϊ޵׶ϵɢɽеʬ帲ڣȻͿЩʬ壬ۿɼٶȿʼɿһ𣬲ϱ飬ֱΪ촷ۣƮɢ
ʬУееѪԴһеȫһ˲䣬ӶһգȫŮڣϵϢΪ֮õɱ䡣ΪȻ
·Ǳڤ֮ɰٴ
磬ҵˡһΣﲻٷֿˡԸΪеһնɱһеС
һϲõĻӿл˳еĿ⣬ȡ
һ죬ʵǵ̫ʱˡ
ħŮǹԹ־ܣʥܹ㣬ĸһֻҪ˱ʥӣȻһɳ죬㣬ȡ߹ݣӴˣٲͬӣӲġ
һɫۣͬߵӳɽС


1523 ʮ
ʲǷ壬ҿѻ롣ʣڻĵ·ϣһܺá
Ůֵҹ콾ͻȻһĨĹ⣬ǹâУ·жϤһеԷѪһĿȻ׵ĵõ
Ȼܿʥӵİѻʥ壬۾ر𣬹ȻǱʥӿеŮˡ㾹ȻҪձʥӵʣҪʥӿԸѽֻҪǺ˫ޣһ㾫Ȼˡ
ѻʥ¶һֹа֮⡣
ȻǰŮߡ

Ůһȣйâһɫ˿Уһ˿Ʈ裬ѻʥӻնȥ˿ֱ䣬·һڵսԵ˸ķâȴķ·һУһУâɡ
˿ɲ򵥣ר챦ƶɵıҲһ֤Ϊʮ˿̺һһɴ򡣶һԲԼ鱦Ӷ鱦̺ĴӶһͻ˿̺Խǿ
ɴΪУɵĴԽ࣬˿ԽӵĿֲӶĴ򣬶УΪ֮
Ȼڶԣʮ𻹴״̬̺ģֻһɷɷڻԵɺϵ£һԵĲȱ鱦ղʮﵽ鱦ĲΣΪһ
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һе鱦ѻȡÿһᣬзǷ
ѻһҡʱͿһڵĽбÿһһֹĺЩУĸܵһֲϢ
ѻؼ䣬һֲŲ䡣˷С
ͷųĽУ̺Ų֮䣬˥ϣ٣ٻҵȵȣ仯һУΪĵ
ܸоЩ⣬ÿһϢңںҹУû硣
񾳡
ŮĿãһĨɫѾѻʥӵΪ磬龳ɴ񾳲ΣΪಢ
ʮͻȻ仯Ϊᡣ»Ϊһ˿ڰ趯һߣ֮ʮ£һڵƾճ֣γɺʮתתɢ޴ǵصѻ𽣺ɽȥ
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ɱ
ѻʥҲûη壬ȣܼĽⲼգ·һ޴Ľ򣬻䣬иգҪʮ𶼽ʳƬ
ʮ֮ͬǳصġһͻᱻȥʮɣЩҲǹ죬䣬Ϊһֻֻڵİѻ·ΪΣ鶯ΣںҹжУŮ𹥻Ȼв٣ֱӱܿʮϮɱ
һʱ䣬ʮּҡң˵սڲɢƶ
֮ƬҹаħȥȻɱƬѪ⾫ȫϢ䣬һգʬΪ촷ۡ
ϢҲڴսУǿ
ڤ칦Ŀ֮ڣһͿԴԴϵѪ⾫һоǿ뼺սսĲšϸۿĻͻ֣ᷢﲻ֪УȻѾﵽԪ񾳣ңһʵƺڿɱ䡣
ȵԣ֪Ҫǿ١

ɱ
ħսϣսǣս֮⣬ͬдʿԡѪɱ
Щ˶ʵǿǶжսϣûη壬սҹаħɱֿͨսÿһΣ߳ǧаħȻԴԴϵҹսģһǶǿߣӵǿıɹ˿ء
֮ǰĺŮӣĶߡ
սϲɱΪֵҹԼһȻսܻȡѫһԴ챦ֶһʱضԽжһһһһƷһʱܳǰ
˿̣ܿһ׹ǶѻɵĹɽ֮ϣһӰȻ
ӰȻһɫۣһűһֻڼڣһսңЩս˸⣬һۿȥܿսͨսķâĸоһʣ׿ȺһĨڱϣһսսһڰ溺ƽ͡
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ʣ£Ҫ׼ļֻҪܵķӳɱȻʩչѼҪķѵԪҲͬսֹļ󡣻ȡǸǿɱ
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Ѽһδ񱩵Ԫ𵴡
ӲһĹǿ赲
㾿ǵԼһҵ˴ˣңһҵġħսͨ磬Ƭսɢصʿһãţ˿һսС
˺Ȼ㣬ʷУպ֣սһǧš
йһνֻƬؾܴ뿪ֻܷظأ˲ţȻ״
㣬ƫƫؾУʶһλ֪ȻʱݣȴǱ˴మ֪ǷֿԼһ뾡취ٴطꡣ
ħսͨȻϣڡ
ħս̫ҪҵңǾֻ㹻䶯¼ѻһ˷սȻ˲֪˲ѻǣܸϣ
һĨϣĹâ
ѻǴ׵۳սǣǰ˵׵Դķҵ


1524 
ȥѻǡ
һĨᶨ֮ɫµһؾйһνǰȥѻǣ˵ҵĻᣬǲȥκλᶼУħսֻһսʵֵķΧΪ޴ӴҪսҵһˣֱǴ롣
졣
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ħսϣ˭֪ܲѻǣ˭֪ܲУ֪׵۳нѻǴսûĬսĹ㲩սѻǵս档һΣȻҲսһڡ
ȻʣΪҹĹĿص㣬ͬǻҡڡ
Ҫҵֻǰѻǲ㹻Ļᡣ
˵߾ߣԸͲʲôѶϵˣͿʼжϾܿѻǣȴڵλãԶԶô򵥡Ҫǰ֪ҪķѶ೤ʱ䣬ؼǣѻǻƶģпܾͳ
Ҫֻһδν׷Ѱ
ѻħսϵս档
޷˵ѡ
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һ߿Х𣬽ţͿһֻ޴ӥͨ嶼˸⣬һ˸źâƺеԾ񡣵ڿʱȴ¶һ͡ǰ
СȥѰ
㸧ӥԴ˵ţ̤ӥϣӥ䣬շ𣬳Űѻڵλãϴȥ;УҲҹаħռݣһ·ǰУɣ˵ʮּѣҪǰÿһѪ

ħսϣһɽڣȻԿһȺʿӣһɱУЩǽޣܿУһڿڷɽݺᡣϽϯҹūɱΪһѪƬ
̫ҷֹ⽣
Էħ
â
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ȻԿУһڷɽνǳ뻯еֱӷֻһ⣬ɨķһȥƬƬҹū֮¡ɱ
еķɽΣΪһԽͼԽӽͼй糱ˮ£аħž޴ĿƣǴâǽһַӵ¡磬һڷɽսϴ󣬽аħҪ
Ⱥʿˣɱսȴ˿һ֧Ҫѷɫǿ
УȻԿȺӣ󲿷ֶΪͳս
ֱһһŮ
еģܿһɫۣϣν׿ȺȻһȣȻü䣬һɫۡϳɢһεš
һŮӣԿһɫװƺɢһĹһȺУνǷ׿һ绪ǣһʣŮУںȺܱеӣȫԿʱĽĿ⳯̽˹ȥ
ԿĿİĽ֮ġ
Ӣʦ֣ҿҸˡ
Ů¶һŨŨļ֮ɫ˵
ʦãǰѻǡ
ӿŮ¶һĨº֮ɫٴοգҹ񹥷İѻǣиֳˡ
ѻȻǰʵ򣬾ҵȲ֪жңԶʦҪȥʦȻʦһͬǰãڽħս֮ǰоѾʦҵ׵۳ҵΪҪ֮¡һ˳֮ӢҲѾáո鴫
ĽӢ׵ͷ˵
¶һ˿ǿҵȤ
ģǱˣȻŵĵӡͷģеĽܳ콾ĽӢŮǵ걻Ŵߵ̣еã׵۳ĳݣУֻҪǸ߲㣬ΪﵽһΣ
ĹȻԴ׵۳˼ӳ֣쳤վ£ȻȻġ

ڽսʱҲֻҪлᣬҪҵУǰ׵۳սϣһŵҲǳˮн۵ʱڿ֧ţʱһȻǱһ۳Ըȥȡİȫϡ
ο׵۳֮׵ۣȻҲ˺棬ĽӢҲ⡣
Ŀֻƾͼıͨͽʮҹ콾ӲŪڹ֮䣬ɱֺ棬ԽӵŨǿߣȻǴӷУһߵֵزκеʥʥŮҪǿöࡣ
˸о˼ĵز
Ҳǵһ۾ϳСеļ֪Ȳǰѻǡ
һָʮָ꣬飬ûб䵭ӵŨҡ
˼֮飬ơ
ǰʦ㣬Ƕġǰѻôƾǵʵһġ
ʿҲǷ׷׿˵
飬˭ûƴǡ
Ǵ׳ǵʦ㣬ֻҪȥǺʣȡĺô޷ģֻҪףЩͬʦֵܣѵٵ˺ôؼһ˳Ϲϵǲ֪ſ顣
˵֮ͣҲûʲôš
ǾͶлӢʦ֣лλʦֵܡ
ȻһЦ׵л
ˣɱһаħǾѻǸ·
ĽӢͷ˵
һȺʿٴγܱаħ𹥻纣ʱܱͱ¾һգɨսһڿڷɽշ˲󣬽ŰѻǶȥ
޵ĶֶΡУ
ٶȣɲշУ֪Ҫ϶ٱ

ħսһΪѩǵսǡ
սǲСסУսı죬ӲޱȣҲͬȽϺ䣬ܱߣʱƮѩ˿̣ڳУҲϰ壬Ҳ塣ܶ඼УսУȴһֹĺг״̬
ֺгû˭ȥơ
⣬ҹūϷһδγϳǽֱǿдȥ
ǽ£һƬҡ
ѪȾ˰ѩȾ˳ǽ
ڳǽϣȻԿһ۵վ棬۱ܿݺء˫磬˫Ŀ˫ֹϥչνء
˿̣ȴ̧ۿգ˫Ŀ⣬ܣܣٴοˡֻΪҪҶȥ
ʹ˫Ŀᣬѽ
ģᰡ
ģؽŽԽͶ׵۳֮ǰûҵϣõϵϢŻѡͶףǵõϵϢλ顣˵ת¹ΪЧΪҴЧңѡͶףҲδһֺõѡ񡣡
һʿǰ˵


1525 ̨
Тֱͬ㣬²ͬͬԸֵ֮ͬͬ飬¿ɼλ͵ܣȻиң϶Ϊ̫ҲңŻʱͶ׵۳ֻҪٴμλ͵ܣȻ˵һͬ
ʱϲ
¶ϲ֮ɫ
ӲǱˣ
ʱֵֿܱľ룬֪жңԶȫĺǵľ룬ңһδεĴطĻᣬֱڣۿλֵܣֻǣ˷ǰԼĽֵܾȻͶ£ΪµĴ󽫡
ϲֱʹĸоԸӡ
漴ȼϣ
뷨һΪ֮ǰֱ̫ãûٴطϣŻͶףֻҪԼҹȥǾһǻת⡣ֵˣٴδһƬҵһμѻ
ʿΪТֱһıԣʮֲóıߣνλȨأеĵλǾأΪıߣǿ书ͣǲĥġ
̬ʮֹۣȴûеֹۡ
׵۳һ˳λܹͶףδزһ£ڴУǾʩչ̨ΪЧγΪЧٻشδػһ£ңҪ룬δԸ
аһͷ
ڿѻеսͬ𺳣˵֮׵еǿʵǺɨ޵УףڽеĹսܿ׾ʵֱǺţÿһͨʿӵͼ۷Ϊ磬һһ׵ǿ߰
ڴУھУٶһ죬ͳʮ򡣿ڴףȴֻͨСһβ𾪣ѾǷɳɳУһսܷӳս޷ģ񣬶Ĺף޷Աȵġ
ԷʣԼصĻ
˭Ĺ֮ȻԸȤͬ˫ʼԹ´ΪءҪغ󷽡ʱϣɫΣҪ֡ıߣɫɼԡ
ˣοˡ
ŷɵڴף˵Ǻ£Ψʲô¡
Ȼڵɲô롣˵Тֱ׼֮ǰѻǣܷ񽫶ܴʱҴ绢Ӵ֮󣬿һɳ졣ʳǵ۳ңԶ
뿪лҪТֱƣһжԷΪ򲻿߳սǡ
ǰѻǵľģһ̣ޱǿҡ
һ죬ħսϣ֪ʿıǣףУһ̣ӡǿ콾Уҹ㣬ˣңΪݣ̬ܶȣзһЩı䡣
ǿߣǻܵġ
֪УҹȻš
֮һǳ׷ɢԴԴôҹҲڵһʱ䣬ɢս鲼֮ǰ͵ĹƣŻΪС
ڽˣЩҹаħ𹥻ȫǺη治֪ԴԴϵĴСٻһ˵
ո飬·ɽ麣ХһĹƣ˭󶼻ͷƤ顣һϣսҹͲڵ֡ÿʱỵ̈кū£ƫƫôɱɱ꣬ԴԴϵĳ
ȥһ־޴ѹ
ǾϣսϣǾ޴ѹ
⻹ֻǿʼʱƣֵĴȻԽԽǿеȻ˵
ΪʲôҹһʼǲǿĴ׻ǣҪȵǲǿľӡܽҲɻѯʵ
ӦħսķѹйأϾҹϮͨӦþڶħսʴһ㽫ҹϢ򣬴ǣ쵽ս֮УֵѹƣһǲǿĴô£ҲǺЩҲֻҵĲ²ѡ
΢˵
пܣҹԻѡһɱֱӴݻһСռħսƫƫûôڵ⣬֪
ˣȻȥѻǼƶսͶףܵɱЩоݻٵԽ࣬սѹӦᡣԴԴϵǲԲûдۡ
Ц˵ǻȥÿħжһһЩʲôοӵвٵĹѫ
žʮڹѫټնɱһҹ콾龳ǿߣһڹѫսնɱĵоĹѫ㣬ҲһӴ֡
ӵеĹѫѾﵽʮڡ
Ӵһʹѫ㣬ȻҪжһħУܶ౦ϡ٣͵ֿУޡҪˣͱ˸һˡ
˵ĶԣЩǶһ޶ģԽԽãд챦һ󣬿ԴǿǴ׵ʵ̡
Ҳ۾һͷ˵
¡¡
ʱк׵ĴһҵĺţͿ޾ת޾ĺڰڽáҹ໥ײƺǷײڽڡ
ţУܿһ޴ƽ̨ƾճ֣ƽ̨޴ޱȣֳͨһѪɫ·Ѫ͡ⲻͨƽ̨һпѪȵ̨̨̨ϣճ޾ĵƣϢҲҹϢ̨ϣһӦƽ⡣
̨ϣȻԿһ̨ϣ߿գһ׽ݣɢϵϡϸȥǽݵǧ֮
ǧݡ
ˡһ̳
̳ϣٲȻֻСϻޱȡ
ʲô
ǫ̂ô¡
ôоҪдҪô¡
һĻ˲侪սһҹһͬˣֱ仯ƺѾԤ֮⣬ƿ֮С
ˢˢ
󣬾Ϳ̨֮ϡ
гִݣŮȵ

һ졣
ǳ
۵Уֻŵ̨ϡ
һŲʿ˧̬ģ
Һãڴѣڴ˧ڴ˧˧ޱȵؽе
ֵ硣ּˡһɧ
ˡ
ڴ˧ͬؽе

пҲһ鴤¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ
̨ҹִһ̨⴦ֽ̨̨̨ҹ콾ɱ֮áֻ콾ܹ١
ڴ˧˵


1526 ս
̨ƣʤΪ
ͬ˵
һ䣬һģͽ̨Ĺ˵ʣ̨ҹ˫һ̨ĿģǸ콾ﲫɱκβɱֻҪ̨ϣܴħսҹ㣬Ŀá
̨ʣµ̨
ģ˷ûʵģֻ̨ϰܱסһˡ
̨ǾҪи׼ȥҲ
̨
̨רҹ˫콾ǿ߿໥ɱֻҪնɱԷ콾ܶԶԷһˣ콾ʵ
ҡҡȣ˵¹û㹻ջ󣬺콾ǿƴɱֻ£
콾ǿߣ˭һɳΪܼҪ˵ϧǾԲд֮ǰʱʮҹ콾ΪʲôȫԸɱ޷֣ܻţ˭ԸȥԸЩҹūȥġ
ԴԴϣ಻һս
Щūٶ࣬ҲۣǿڻҾš
ٶ඼ûйϵ
ҪпȨ⣬ǷֵãǷ㹻档ҹ콾ĲηǿЦġ
¿֪ˡ
׵ͷ˵
ֻֻٴοʼ
شҶӦѾ̨ϵݡݿɲ򵥣һǧݣֻ̨Ҫ̨ȡһ۳һˣֻҪ̨ڵλãײ㣬ÿ̨ʤһͻŲһݡܣĻԶɢǰܶڽݣֱ׹ײ㣬֮ǰٶߣһԣ̨ϣòҪܡ˭ܣһŬ֮
ڴ˧˵
˵ļ̳ûУڷֻУֻУҹ˫ĽֻҪܵ۷壬ܵõֻҪʤǧõ뿴缴ͶŽڴһ£ʲôı
һ˷ܣһڴĸߺ
ˢˢ
ڻһʱ⣬һǴǿжƺǴĳжһֱӳ֡
ȻԿһֱ˸Ϲ⣬ΪһûɫϻСһ˸ˮâӣУƺܿת翪٣ʮֵ졣
У
ڴ˧翴Ҳ̲סһ¶һޱ𾪵ɫ

ӡ
ŵһŵɫ
ħսϣͬĿõˣһ󾪺඼ھ·Ҫɤȫ޷ĵļ
ȻǺ˵е֤ɵʥȻȻ
˵УǿɾͻԪںϣִƷ򣬲಻һСԪǿǴ˵еʥˡ
У콾һе糱ˮӿ֡
ͬʱӿֳ޾˷ʿĽ֤˭ԸһõζţлΪؼ۷һȺˡʱ𣬵ᣬ಻
ӣ̫ˣ˵ֻҪõӣͿڣһԼ磬һӶСǧ磬ǧ磬Ǵǧ硣һǧ磬Ϊ֮֮ɳΪǿߣԪͬǿ󡣡
̫ˣⲻӣһöӣ俪ٵأлɳΪǧ磬һˣɾͻԪڻ¡
ҹ콾Ҳһ˷ܡ
е·ֻһֻ֣ǣ󣬶;ͬѡ
磬ʿʿʿԪ򣬿ԼĴʿֱһ򷨣಻ͬ٣ٲĲΡͬʿѷɫӿǿյĿģǲ಻
֮⣬·磬۷ƿط򣬳Ϊִǧoﵽ۷壬Ҳ;ͬ飬һлصǿս
Щ⣬·У磬֮һ֣ңʮǿһֵ·ͬУʿһΪ̣һս޾ңƻǿ
ǿԳΪһף֮һľһܹ磬Լ壬޾Ĵӵн޵ǱǳֻǣҪ֮ʮֿ̣ģǱҪӡ
ȻûҲԣ߿ٶ֮·һ죬Զ屦ֻǣǱޣʮּѡ·ҪķѵԴ޷ģ֮ʿ󲿷ֶ⵰ûгɳǰڴ󲻻Ըȥ
ɼԲ˵˵ѡ
һ㣬пνᡣ
Ϊʮ磬ûпε֮ǰֱιѡжԴٱ⵰һ
ӣ
ҹͬʱ̨֪ӵжǿ
ջ
ջ
ң콾û콾ǲΪ۷ǿߣضˣΪ಻Ĵڣ˭·ߵ˵ģжôϡ٣ôļѡ
ӣǰõüͨݡ֤ϣ콾û˭ܹ޶ãû˭ŵ¡
еѾĳ
ֻǣҪȡԲһ򵥵顣
ǧݣҲζţҪʤǧһ콾˭Щ콾еʲôĵɱﵣһСģ˭пܻ䣬
ѣһѡ
ԽԽǲ˿ű˶ȡȡԵ
࣡
֪һ̣ĭ
Ҫ
˭Ҫ
û˭ܹ⣬ЩͨɻͬķӦ
Ҳ⡣ӵһҲͬˡû˭е̫ࡣ
ôȴҶӦú֮ɼε̨ʮֵӣ˭ܵ۷壬˭̨ܶΪҹӪ콾о콾ıƴ˭ܸǿĿԴ
ڴ˧˵
̨ıȶܼ򵥣󽫻ǿһʼߣһ̨ݣÿյһλ̨̤ߣԶΪ콾ɽսʤΪ
Ҳ˵


1527 
пᣬѪȡ
ע̨һµ콾Ĺأе콾֪ж٣ƴɱƽ̨һٳԶУֻƾԵʵʤΪ
̨ĽʵǳԿܵջ
콾ջ󲻻ôǿ󣬿Խ콾ԽǶ޷ܵĿ
̨ʵ̫Σˡ
һ̤ȥδ֪
У̨Ͼս˫ǽֻɱɻȡԷЯƷΪսƷȻĺǫ̂ռĽӣϹ屦콾ԣǲݴġϣҶܰջᡣ
ڴ˧˵
ܸΪҽ̨ǽ֮Ϲעǣµûһɳҡڴʵս
һȤ˵
磬ڴ˧ͻȻһ𣬱һƣ˵˵һˣ
ˢ
һ貵Ȼ󣬾Ϳڴ˧ڹâУһɳ죬ˡЧжžͶţǱը
֮ʧ
죬̨Ϊ콾սɱһ콾ɱǧҹūҪмֵֵߡ
һ˵
һδģЩ콾ǱɳΪǿߣһ䣬ɵʧȻ޷ġ
Ϊûж˻ӵջʵ̫ǿˣǿû˭ܹܵˡ
ս콾ԣһѪڵ顣
˱ˣпܣΪһӵźħ
иǴûҪӱܡ
̨δһҹĴûᣬпܻȡȻݴ
۾Լǣ̨עǿߵ̨ʤǧԲһ׵顣ңμӵģ϶ֻ콾ǿߣЩ䲻ǿߣȻ֣ǵǿҡ
׵ͷ
ǰ죬ѻһƶһ߿Զսҹкըܵɱ˵оܻȡѫ㡣ʱ䣬ҲץħжһԴһЩϡٵı˵ᱻǰһߡ
еЦ˵
ţŮһ뿪س
кŮûж˵ֱӽͶ뵽СܿУһŽɫİ񵥡
񵥣Եãȴ֪м¼ѶϢ
ħѫֳͶӰÿһʿĸӣֻҪȻȻĻȡħѫͶӰͨ񵥣ĿԼսȡĹѫ㵽ж٣ͬҲԴҵħڵĸƷ嵥
Ҫʲôĳǰ
ӦĹѫͿԻȡӦ챦
УܶƷ磬ʺ񺣾ϾεѪԪֻҪһ㹦ѫͿԶһһöʺͼĵҩԪһãǿϱԴ׳ϣЧǿԪֻҪʮ㹦ѫͿԻȡһöԶԣѾ
ǷླĵҩԪһܹǿıҩ磬ޱһֵҩɶһҲֻҪһǧ㹦ѫһö
ЩҩǿֱǿΪĵҩ
ħսϣȫ޾
û˭ܹԼΪĵҩ̫࣬ԽԽãʵҲˣħУһĵҩޣҪپж٣ǰǣӵ㹻Ĺѫ㣬սϣģɱҹаħ
ûйѫ㣬һжáõ
ȻȻûЩҩֻ̫ͣ΢עһ£ЩҩҪһҲǵȵսҪ뿪ʱȥһ׵۳ȫΪһԴ
һ䣬뵽ħѫСһˣֻܿͶӰѫһͻƵʱͻħ⡣еĹѫȻѾ㹻´ࡣ
ԣȥʱȻȻľͽ뵽һصÿռС
ռڣȻһĻ棬ֳָıڲϵıãÿʱÿ̶вͬı档Ȼıǿűɸѡġ
ɸѡ⣬һֵһѫϣޡбȫг
нûκγɣֱӿ˵֮ǰѾ˾ȻҪԥ
мʮڵĹѫ㣬ȫԳһ
ԽıԽҪһ
̨ڼҪܶһһЩԶսаıǺʣһ顣ţһ̣뷨콾
еԸܿĻϳһͼõͶӰ֡ҪĶһ۸ȵȡһӦȫңÿһıѵһġ
ö࣬Ȼħ⡣Щһڱ˵ʵǲֵһᣬħ⣬⣬ﴢģıؼ䣬һ֮ĵط
пĻ棬Ҳɰ̾пǧͬǿҵڴ˷ܡֹ˷ܵ顣
ɣҽޱʯ˧ѡ
ûϸۿĻϵ嵥ֱӿ˵Լ
ޱʯһʮǿ챦омţѾӵʯʯھԼϡ˸ŲһĹԡЩ꣬ʯԸע£Ѿ۷塣ЩʯȻ
ҲҪЩʯȫռȫ
һ룬ռԽ࣬Ȼӵиǿ֮ǰûлռħУȻٺòһλᡣԺδлռȫ
ˢ
ڻһ£ͿͶӰǰһЩͶӰٴǰ֡
ÿһʵɼңнܣжһĹѫ㡣һĿȻ
걦ʯʱ䱦ʯռ䱦ʯʵʯ鱦ʯʯ
һ˲䣬еޱʯǰңÿһֵֹһö
ʯһ۸һǧѫ㡣
걦ʯһ۸һǧѫ㡣

һǧöѫ㡣ֻǻƽ챦۸ȷʵͬһĸ߰
пҲɰԵͷ漴ͽˣޱʯͬСɣÿһöһֶĴʱκһ֣Σ켶ķ
һǧ򣬲
鷳ģνؼģжһģȫײĻƽ챦ҪɳҪԸι
ҪԸһ޷֡
һ
пһۣޱʯȫһңֱӶһסķһǧѫ㡣


1528 ճ泲

ɶһʱϵĹѫȻȻһǧ򣬶ʮöʯƾճǰÿһö챦˸ԣʯУ覴ãȴ˸ĵۣò޷ǣͷ·ǿĹ屦
ö˵ޱʯиЩ¾֪
Ժаһͷ
ڴ˵УޱʯһȫռȫǿԸ컻أӵһݻһ컯صΰ˼飬ȻУӵΰɾԣҲ
Щޱʯ֣ʱڣΪսȫ
౦ɸѡ
ٴѡģȻı
̨Եҹ콾Ҫ̨˭ұ֤һȫˣεаգ󣬶ǼȶĽ
һ۵콾пܶܽǿɱ
磬Զս
̨α֤Լؼһ㡣ǶʵţҲӦ׼
ˢ
һ䣬ǰĻϿٳһƬ
Թޣ֮ıܼȡؼԹ֮ϴɳһѪڹؼʱ̣ʱ䣬֮˻ԹԹ䣬䣬ֱ꣬ʲô޷
ֶֽˣֽʦֽطΪ˵ֵֶֽƷԽߣֵֶԽǿֵֶֽ˻ΪҽѪ
ɶɷɱˣɹֶ׽赲

һر˿ۣȷʵ෱ָ࣬ĶУֻЩǾһģһʹãɼĺһЩûģɶԾƵģΪ̫ߵòˣ˵ֻǼߡ
ʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
õϵģֻжɶɷֶֽˡȻЩﲻǺƣ챦ģȫһԵıһù֮ͻữΪСֻܱһΡ
ԹޣŲȷԣһմȾһ¡
ЩıÿһֵͣңܿõĿ棬ڽϵļ٣ȻʿڽжһһƵʼߡ
пҲûԥ漴ͽıÿֶһЩԼòϣԺ׵۳ҲǿԵģʵҪ
еĹѫ㹻࣬ңԴԴϵӡ
гһ챦ԽԽãЧԽǿԽá
ٴο˵
֮Ȼǹȥڹؼʱ̷̣ǻȡյʤ
ף۶ɷ֮۶ɵףлصƻһ֮£ݻһС
ף˵ڿٵʱףɱ磬ٵء
ħ飬һ߶ܱޱ߻þ֮Уħǣ֪Уܶˡ
ǵƣһȼΪγǻ֣Ӧǳǳ֮Ʋ𣬻ֲ𣬵𣬻𡣡
ŭ̺һɲԵܱ򣬻Ϊޱ߻𺣣һС

һ챦ȻȻĳǰһԵ챦ֻʩչһΣһ취ɵƻȴײе˷ָ
öǺñЩҪǳ̨ϣͻȻʹãɵƻǿߣһĿܡ
аԾ̾
ò˵һԵ챦̺൱ֲġ
Ȼ۸ҲǼΪ߰ϾֱܹӴݻһǿߵıػǻ𣬶Ч۸߰Ҳǿġ
Ҳûгɣٽһֱһ
òϣȥԴ˵һǿĵ̡
ѡ챦鱦
п˿еĹѫ㻹в٣漴ʼѡЩ챦
ˢ
£Ļϵ嵥ٴη仯ֳָ챦һЩıҲǰ
˫챦зֱ̺鱾ԴӵгɳΪ鱦Ǳ˫ϲ顣
Ѫʥ챦װ뱭еѪɱ䣬ͬѪŽȥͬĹЧ·ҺȸֵҩҩɱΪ鱦еѪΪѪв˼ΰ
Ѫʥ棬ڻƽʱѪɱɱѪʱѪڵؽʱѪഫһﵽףǱеѪҺɱʥѪӵв˼
һ㣬ܿٻָƣ
ճ泲챦ճǿܹĸУڳ泲ң档
һ챦еǰ
вһ泲˵һ챦䳲࣬ȴĸױȵΪ泲̺һֶճҪʣܼӿճĳɳ
ճ졣һʮĳ塣
ϲǱ֮ŨĵطԽǻҾԽϲص㣬ǿԴձĽڵ㣬ֱҧӶͨһͨصͨͨͽ涴
涴򿪣һԣ涴ڵĿռǴڲȶģڹһʱ󣬾ͻָ֮Ҫȶ涴ͱճֱѹǱ;ȶ涴һճ棬ֻѹһճ涴ճ涴صǣ˲Խޱľ롣
ͬȴȴҪǿ
Ϊ涴ԿԽ֮ľ롣Ǵؼͬġ˵ţճ涴γɵġ˵ҪţͱҪճ棬ҵճ濪ٳĳ涴ûճѹ£ҪķѴϡģš
öñճ泲ĸ棬ճ棬Ҵ׵۳Դ֮󣬾йʱɹ˿ء
аԼ
ճ泲ҪɳȫԳΪսԼάִ׵ͳΣǹ򣬿⿪ٳ涴ʱڣռΪ̫ʲô޷ƿص⡣
Ȼܴ
ճ泲һǧѫ㡣
ֵ֮ߣޱʯ֮¡ңܲĸ棬һδ֪֮£Ͼĸ޾ε˭֪
ȻĲȷԡ
붼룬һʱͽճ泲һ
ˢѡ伮
һ챦һ漴ͽĿעЩ伮ϡ伮֪ʶǴУ챦ҪĸҪĴУܵǿߡ
ʱһ伮ԴԴϵĳֳ
Щ伮Ķһ۸иеͣʲô͵ĶУ壬ħȵȣȫУֻҪؾûеģԥĶһ


1529 ڴ
ף幦ƺе˼
еĿͻȻͣǰȻһ幦
Ϊһ幦ǹ󺣣Դ󺣳ϫ֮ϵĴϴˢһʣˮ֮֮Դ֮ս壬ʮǿˡ
޾
ңԾѳˮԵͨǿ
幦սΪս塣
֮ͻתﵽ֮תУûȷʵ幦⡶ǳΪת幦ȻͨӡѪӡӡӡ
תֻȱ幦ѡ
ȻʺȻûκγɣֱùѫһ׼¾Ϳʼ幦뵽תϵ֮ڡҪ¯پֻҪžͿһ޶幦
ħУи־µļأЩܵӣ伮Ƿ𾭻ǵ̺ģһʿܵ˼룬гĵֱһ㣬Ƕĸ
ͺñǡ¾ڵ¾УûκϸţⱾӶһֲ¾У̺ӵĴֲΪﵽгԣͿԴЩУһЩķš
Щţ˵ǵ¾ĵ֯ɡһСܻȡһӵĴ
ȻҪԣԼԴĦԤ˵Ե
ԣЩ壬ĳ̶ֳϣϱء
ഫѴӵзš澭رͲֻǵҵĸ־ܶѣܴţǻԵǵ̺ıأҵԿףеõ˱أô򵥵ĵ
ԣЩ壬ҪĶһ۸񲻸ߣȴ٣иֱʼǣʼǣҩʼǣʼǵȵȣЩбʼǣǰ⣬־飬̺ž˵ļֵ
֪УеĹѫڲ½ȡ֮ģǺ챦ںУһʱ䴢
ҩ䷽䷨ȵȡǷֶ٣Ͷһ١Բ̫ࡣ

Ҳһһ䣬ħ뿪
ϧѫ㻹ǲ
ǾһζһȡɶħԣǾţһëȫֵһᣬЩıڵĹѫ㣬Ͷһˡһۣо𺳡
磬вۣǲƵģκһңҪĹѫ㣬Ǻֱ֡˷ָ
ˢ
һ䣬һɫľѾС

򿪾ᣬӳеģȻһͼͼгֳģһƬޱ޼ʵĴ󺣣⺣ڴУܿһĳϫڷһХγɣ籩Ű׽񱩵һչֳ
Ҳܿһ޼ʣƽĺ棬ޱߣ˲СУֲһ޷ŴСʮֵ

ûгɣڽȫͨһ󣬶е巨ţ˽⣬ţֹ⹦մﵽĿġ
һ䣬ȻȻĽ֮С

ʱ·֮Уһɹɴ֮ȻĳϯһδεϴˢһδεĴִ֮ѪС
ͬʱʼ
ϣ
ʽ
ʽ
Хʽ
ϫʽ
Ź룬һɹɴ֮糱ˮϴˢһ˿˿ʱˢͬʱѪУʼ֮
ܱߵԪȻȻڣѪС
̣żΪǿҵʹࡣ
ɱ䣬ԭеĻϷĴۣȻһܵģҲʿϡٵԭ֮һľǧС
·Уѹ޾ѹѹɱ䡣
ڲϱǿ
¡¡
šһ󣬶ʱͿڣһ֮У˸һɫ۵Ӱƾճ֣У·һƬ嫵󺣡ȻȻԪǵӰڲϵһɹѪϴˢ
Ȼ

ĸܵѾʼɱ䣬Ѫµĵۡ
սֺԺŹתټʳѪԽǿԽǿŹҲɱ䣬Ȼȡصϡ
죡
ʱ䣬κʿ˵ǵָһӼ顣ֵһᡣڴ˿̣ȴо꣬ҹ㣬֪콾ڰ˼ԥž
УҹƺҲУûм򿪣ûмսͶŴֻÿϣԭȲսϵҹɻܱսǷ𹥻֮ǰȣΣճ̶½ȻҲΪ̨׼
֪УʱѾȻš
賿ոյʱ
ȻԿ޴̨ٴγС
̨ݣǷ˵ֻϻɼ
̨ʽҪμ̨콾һѪҺ̨ʽȡ̨ʸ񡣡̨ϣâһڴ˧ͬʱ֡
ֻ̨ȡһѣԱκˡһ㣬ҷģԲġҲ˵
ˢˢˢ
ڻʱͿһεѪշ𣬳̨ϣţȻȻȥһ˿Ѿų̂УǵϡܿײһݣӰ콾񣬶ͬһݡ
Ҳ⣬УŮҲһȥ
ԣһ̨̣ϳֵ콾ˡ
ܺãڿʼֻҪԸ⣬ͿԵ̨бȶɱҹֻ콾ɱ֪˭ȵ̨
ڴ˧˵

ֻһȡ̨ϣһ⣬âһ£һϽսףֳַ컭ꪣͷϽڵĿӳ̨ϡ
˫Ŀ磬ĿãаԵ
սһᣬɨķȻ˵磬ڴˣ˭ǰĳһս
䣬£ս糱еս⣬޷ƣսꪶڷ˷ܵĲƺʱҪƷǿеѪ
ȻϢһΪȻѾﵽ־磬Ȼ츳񡣡ĿãҲɰԵͷȻһΪ磬ѾﵽԪ񾳲Σߵ˫޵ĵ·ʵϣΪѾΪûеԪѾﵽתѪ硣
⻹ûгױһѪɳ¡
ʣӹɵġ


1530 ʽ
ϵʣǳǿתѾԪ񾳵ǿߣ׵ǿߣκʿϵУͦսңһףκʱͨõ֪˵ףʵ򣬿ײɱ·粻˵лսʤ֮
ǿߣȫ޷þ۴
ߵֵزҲԲûй
ȫԿǷ컭ꪣѾɱ鱦ؽ챦ɢϢ˫޶ԡ
ڵ꣬ս֮ƣսϣ޵еǿߣٻһʣһɳ죬ߵľ磬ս֮ǿ嶥콾
ܽڿ˵
û˭İʷµʵ̫ˡû˿Ժӵĵز
սӹɵս˫ǿߡ
ΪǷȵ̨û뵽ȣһҲս˲֪˲ֻϣᶪ档
¿˵
һսʤܣʲôȴ˫ʿһӰ졣ʤߣܹ赽ʿġʤܣעҪǧţԶȥ
һ壬Ϊ׵ôһľ˼ɣȫôΪҹ콾Ǻ۸ôΪǶӡáֱһս
ſƣֱҹһŭ
һ̨ϣȻһӰ
ܿһȻһޱӷףͺһɽһϲһڵֱϣһ˸źâĳǼ񣬷·ǵһԵȫУѪ˲䱻пǳͬҲһڹͬʱϣȻԿһھ޴ϣƺѪڻơ
òķͷһ⳦ɢԺҪж壬Ҫж¡˷ָ䣬¶õСߵ
ҹеһ壬ഫһ壬һʼͿʼ׵Ḷ́¾һУһУӵտ׼ܡκޣڵһʱ䣬е׾ٵ֫⣬ָѪ⣬ǡϣһƬ˿¡־ɱ˼һսϣǾ;ֲĽû뵽һģ򡣡
΢΢ü˵
ħеõһЩ伮мأУҹĸʵҲм¼ۿ󣬾ֱӡԺУԣĿʱһ۾ϳ
һ壬ǿ󣬶ңʮ־ˡһ⣬ֱǿķսףҪ֪ѶжټϾտսֱߵĴɱ
ǣѾﵽ龳Ǿ͸ԶԸ
һ壬Ѫ֡
ѪЦſ漴˵ǰħսҪƷζҵǰ˵е飬ϵȵѪʳζһΣѪ־Ҫ׿ƷƷЩζǲǸǰ˵һݴ˵彿ۿɿڣࢡ
СӣҾҪ׿Ʒһ£Ѫ⾿ǲô
ѪǴߵĿ⡣һ޲õͽֱ̻ӳԽȥȫǺڵչֳ
£Ǻɣһתֻһ趯ţеȻΪһ⣬ƿնȥ
һ˸оƺ޾ɷ˲ϯ嵽ꡣ궼ڲܶˣԵĻֱӾͻһһߡ

ֱŭĿţɶ򣬾Ȼ˵Ҫ⣬Ѫʳ׼Ʒֱ裬һֳ裬裬һҪѪϴˢ
һϯ붼룬ۼ䣬컭ꪷ־նϣ˱ˣ
ʲôˣһʱĲսһ֮УɱΣͿʼս֪ٴɱԡѪսĥ³һ־֮ᶨôֻܹ

컭ײʱһ֮ײʱɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ϣĸܵһɾ˵ݶʮֵİԵҪˣѪ磬ֻ£컭ꪶɣɻƿնԼ
Ѿתǿ¡
Ȼҵ̨ģȻûƲ硣
ɱ
ս츳εǿᣬȻ𺳣ȴɣͬʱ컭Ѿնȥûбģһɽ
Ҳ˵ãеȴǶ컭ꪣһֹĹ켣Ҹһ˹ȥ꣬죬ĽǶȣٶȣǳһȥ׺쳣
ĿãɫҲ΢΢һ䣬붼룬컭һһת;еסٴһ䣬˳ŷ컭ꪣֱȥ仯֮죬Բ׽
ķӦͬѸӦ

˲Ϣ䣬Ϳ뷽컭ꪷһδεײܼ˸ֱ治Ƭ̼䣬ٴεײ
꣬컭ȴǴ󿪴ϡ
ɱһȴԵѽѷ֣ಮ١
ùµ򵶷̡һλս컭ȫѾΪһ֣ս츳ؼ䶼ڶ֮С
˸Եͷ̨ϵһУȫչ۵ס
ֻǼ򵥵Ĳɱȴֺ֮ͻֳ֡ղ
ꪷ򵶷ǧУ
ѪȻҲоǿᣬ׾磬ɸײɱ츳ǿеɱȴӵŨңͣǾ͸Ҫ·
¶Ц
նһĵ⳹ױԲ׽ٶȻնȥ˲䱬񱩵Ѫɫ⣬УٲȻΪһѪɫСУƾճ⣬ڣȫ֮УУѪ⣬Ѫɫ⡣ҪϣԽи࣬նƬ
Ѫɫ
ǧУǾҪǧС
ʽѪɱ
зһȣһɫѪ˲·һŽɫգʢ¯𣬳£ս
Դꪷʽԥʩչ
սһľ衣
ݺս˿ɵ
ս֮ǿ޵С
ųһ⣬⣬һѪɷ֮˿Ըоڷ컭УƺܿʬɽѪܸܵǧɱڲԭѪɺӡ
һֱӿ񱩵ĺѪɫС⣬˫
ȫԿһɫķ컭ɱУңһɲǼ䣬Ϊǧ컭ꪡ


1531 ˫
飡
컭ꪻΪǧԸֽǶȣּѪɫϣ⣬ƺ˺Ʋ񷣬Ѫɱ󣬷·𿴵һսޱսϣݺᢣң£ʬ̨ϣԿɫķ컭衣
Ѫɫײһ
ʱͱҵĺĵ⡣Ű
¡¡
ֻܼײУѪɫɫ컭ͬʱѪɫвСҪ컭ꪽ飬컭ȴϣҪѪɫгױ
һ˲䣬ѪɫͻȻըһɫķ컭ꪻƳգ·ǰ㣬
ٺ٣ȵľ㡣
ѪַһЦǿڷ컭ꪣ˿ûж˼ּ䣬ͿǱԹĽǶ̽ǰһѾͽסתƺҪֱնϡ
˫
ʽǧ
ϣȴû¶κƺڲϵ˿ûжݾţͻȻðһ⣬Ѫ˸ûгϣֱӾͱɫѪ
ȴ޷ɫѪ˿Ӱ졣
Կһ˲䱩ǡü䣬һ񱩡ϵѪ˲䷢˵ɱ䡣ֱӳԽתĲΣ񱩵ܱߵĿռ䶼·Ť
ɫķ컭ֱӳǰͷȥ
Ʊݣ
ƤĸдһϢϯָоʮֵǿңִͷĸоÿʱÿ̶лص

סͻ
һڤڤеĸӦ
һֵסȻһ¡
붼룬һ䣬ȻԿϵЩͬʱ˸⣬ȻֳصķġЩĽ֯һ𣬻Ϊһ᲻ɴݵϱݡֱѪд󣬷·ѾΪľѪ⡣
ͲͨΪѪϣͨĲʣһĲϣѪ⣬ںɸѪ⾫Ѫɱ䣬Ѫ᲻ɴߣǷޱȣһУܼȡԷѪ⾫˲ͻѪһ֡Ҳһ֡ıħ
ǻġ

һĴУȻԿ컭ѾѪɫϣЩ֮ȴޱȣܿȻȻ𶯣·һźһתתһɹ棬ȻȻͱΪΡ
ķǴﵽ˷ָĵز
лݳһǿķ֮ҪֱӵȥȥֻϧЩڷ컭ǰͨͨӶͽ͡
ֻڷ컭ϣâ£ⱬϣΪһıţϣ·ɽһʱըķѣΪѪ⣬ܱɳȥ棬Ҳ̶ą́һѪ֡˴Ŀġ
ƺᡣ
ѪУͻȻðѪɫ֣ЩѪɫֿһѪɫһϴ󣬸̨ٲȻ̨ΪһƬµѪɫ
һ˲䣬ѪУһ糱ˮϯ֮Ѫֱ𣬷·ѩ̫һӲĥ

ѪУֻһĵŭ
ı䲻յĽ֡
Ѫɢ̨룬һսףŷ컭ꪵȻһɫѪ˵Ŀ񱩳ңǴ֪ۡУ𺳡
һ龳򣬾ȻôУҲʵ̫ǿˣ֮ǰƾУôͻȻ֮ͱѹ
ɫɻ
ϣ϶̺ͨոʩչģӦġʽлһͨսֵģӦʩչͨʵһ˲䣬ǡﵽ˼ľ硣
˵
ѾԿ̽һЩ
ںܶ콾˵Ҫһֿսͨطʲô¡
ֻոͻȻͲһ飬ֱӶһѹɱ
ͨ˫Ȼ˫ʩչʱ֮ǿ޵СԵסѪһʩչ˫սչ
ͫһ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ȼ֪˫̺ͨʲôչֳܿõģ˫ҡһʩչǾ޵Сͨ졣
Ǳ֮ǿ޷
ǣĽɫѪɨ֮£Ѫһ¾ͱĥҪ֪Ѫ׾ٴΪ̵Ѫǿĵ֮һĵƣУɱױ𣬻ΪУ֪Ҫһ㣬Ҫǿ
ǿ
һ̣ǵ֮֮ӡ龳ͬʵ
սܿϵѾʼȥָԭȵľأȻ˫ͨͬûƵģܺƵĳʩչֻܳһʱ䡣Ȼûдۣ˭
û̫Ĵۡ
һһ콾˱תΪ淥龳ǿɱ棬ˣɷǷеһǿ塣
ʩչʲôͨǿ񱩣ܸܵһ̣ʵֻ˲䱩ʮʮֹ޵С
һ̣սһȻĿýȻͬɱͬʱĸܵ岢һչֳʵԶеҪǿĶࡣһܲɱ龳ǿߣǷŸǿߡ
Уǲи콾
һ㣬ɲ콾˼Ȼ
Ƿܼսһ⡣
ֻһսͿϣķȻȻĳڵڶϣڴ˿̶ԣǾǶһģȺ
ܺãһսǾʰȻսʱܶݣĿһսĻʤΪ磬콾˫ս
˵ּ䣬ƺһסеĹâ䡣
˫սǷҪվ̨ϣҹ콾սѡ뿪߼Ļᡣ
ڴ˧˵
ովһսȫԳߣȻָ۷ٽеڶȶ̨ǶϷ˫ͨδܽʩչ

һսŨң³һڴˣ˭ĳһս
У͸¶һŨŨɷ
ܺãգȡС
һɭĻ̨ϣȻԿһʮСӰǰ


1532 ʤ
սʤһ֮󣬾Ȼת׵ľ磬ɱһ龳ﵽ߽׵ǿߣԽףսʤ֮սѾ˵켶˵ΪǿҲΪչֳľޣ֮еɱʮ龳콾Ҳûѷɫ١
Խһ׿Ϊ콾Խսʤ֮Ϊǿߡ
˭ܷϣ׵Ĳ࣬Ծ޴󡣸ոֻͻȻ䱬ͨټΪʿսѾԳ֮
׶߽ףһ߽Ҫ֮ء졣
ҹ콾׼һ㣬ԣԥĳսҪûɱһԴҹʿظոն档
ܿͷϴһֻ񣬽ڣվһϸĻֻ¶ʶĺĴڣȫУǰ޶áȻʮֿ£һɱκʿ˵һв
ҪȡͷǾͿû¡ɳ񣬷һϺȵս
ɱ֮ˣҹ磬壬Ҷ
ǵӰһɭĻ
ţͿԹķʽƾʧôϢʧˡ壬ҹУΪµĴ֮̿һе̿͵ļʣ岻֪Ҫ߳ٱ
Ǳ̫ǿǿ󵽾Ǹ߳һ󾳽ˣһ޷Ҫ˵̨ϲɱ˵һڲ֪½дɱǲµģһ֪٣вϣĽͣһ㣬ġ
ܷϣҶвǿɿµ£߽׶ףԴɱķʽвÿʱỵ̈
Ϣʱ䣬ħսϣսУǿߣĪ⵽ɱɼȻҹд̿ɱΪ
ֻΣˣ̨ϣһûĴ̿ɱ֣ʵǷʤȣȫֲֶͬΡ
ą̃̿ϣһΣÿʱÿ̶ɾ޴в־ʱ޿̲һǿĿ顣κεиѹ̫޴󡣡
֪׻ûе֡
һ콾Գ
ȻһսʮֵĹע׼䡣û˭˵ܿյʤոչֳս̫ޡ
ʿ˭֪ʲô˵ֶΡǿѪ򷨣һеֱͨӾͻᱻѪơ
һƬĸܵҶʱ̨УεѹԴԴϵĴݶһâڱĸо
κһȴ޴ڡ
ʽѪ
һϺȡѪ˲Ϣ䣬ɫѪհңͬʱѪ糱ˮע컭Уʱ컭˸貵Ľ⣬ڲϲ񱩵⳹ս֮С
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1534 
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ͫˣһ硣콾Ҫ¶һɣȴһɱҪ̨ȴǧħֱֱӺɱǲǳûǱ̻ʸҧˡ
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ǧħȻôˡʬ޴棬ʧӰ٣յȥˡ
ٰԵ֮ͬУȷʵϣûܴﵽֲΣǵ۵ͨ׵ߵ˳֮Ҳǵۻ֮ԣ⣬ӦԪͨǵͨΪֱӵĹ
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Ŀúûгɣһ䣬ȻԿƺεƾճ֣һ˵ıһҿ񱩵Ļ
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ڣɱ£֮ɱȷը֪Ҫǿٱǣ̺֮žؾһƻֱӾͳ龳ĲΡһƬƬѪƬѪˮô֮£ٻΪС
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ѪʥĿãɫ䣬һΪһѪҪߣ֮УΪѪ⣬ɱϳϵѪܿϵķǿʼõı仯ڣаѪħᦻסѪ⣬ħסܷӵı֮
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һѪʥ̨ԻΣζԵüΪǱһۿȥ·Űǧٴһɫ԰дһ˿࣬ȻеŨ޷ĵز
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Ѫʥ滯ΪһѪ⣬ֱԶߡѾûٴȥ
޵󱲡ҹ֮У޵֮ˣñ۴۽硣ףҹıܣΣգֻܣܣܡҹģһȺ콾
пѪʥӶߵĻ棬мķЦ
ּ֮⣬νԱ
콾
⻰һʱеҹ콾ֱǸɫ䣬ӿֳһŨŨŭ⣬Ҫȥҹ콾涼˴ʧų꣬޹ⲻ˵Ҫҹ綪ܵ
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ܴ龳ǿһıǷͬСɡ
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Ҫҹһ¡ǲòܵı
ǣҪҹ콾ͷʵ֪ףҪԼȥǲòΪеĴƱҹ콾Ҫȥ
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졣˭׷βܡ
ܺãҹ콾ǲ콾ɲս㡣
һдţһѪܿһѪɫ״ͻȻ̨ϡڹ״ϣֳصѪɫħơ·ÿʱÿ̶ŤֳһֿµĻ档ǲϵĻΪȵòɲ֡ܿڹ״ϣֳһֻֻѪɫаۡЩ۾У˸˲а
ײпɲľ
״ͨ嶼һֲ֪Ĳ죬ƺĳֹѪͭ
аʬʣˣ̫ˣڣһΣһ׵֪ҹ콾ʵһ꣬Ӳ֮߳콾
ǰʬʵǿ˲֪˲˵ʵɲ⣬û֪ʲôΪ磬ӵʲôͨսģ޲ʧӰ١
˵ŵģһаѪףһаħഫԡһԪѪ꣬һаĴڣܹ׷䵽һԪǼȡޱԹаĲѪʬǿһаѪףꡣֶˡʮֵĿ¡
ҹһޱȿֲǿ콾
û˿аʬʵ˭֪ʲôӣŮֻ֪аʬʵĿ֮
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ĶǿߣҹǾǿߡ
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콾жη
˭׶аʬʳ֣ڿ֣Ȼ˷ܲѣһ龳εǿߣʵǿħսϣҹѹΣϵĲ࣬ʵϵĶԵȣǾǲԽĺ蹵
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ΡھԵʵǰǲ
ڹײĲøҹ콾ᡣ
паȻԼаѪиܵһŨŨввʮǿңԲǴѾ³аѪеģһһΪµǿߡҹǿҪˡ
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콾ɱܣҪҹ֮ǰ콾ɱǾǰ׳ɵӡڣ飬ҹȥ
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ȫԿ׷Ȼ˲ֱӻΪһڽɫ쵶׵׹˸Ծգۼ䣬ͱýء·鱦·Ҫ׵
׷쵶̺ƻεȿ¡
콾Уĸܵ׵ֱӳԽ龳ﵽһӿµĲΡ
Ȼ׵Բ˼ٶȻգаѪǰ
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֮ױĳѪϯȥҪѪһ룬ն𡣰Եײ
ͬʱȴаѪϵаۣƺڷһаЦܼĽףûѪףѪдݳһεףϢɽȥǿ׵ıһֻа۾˽ȥ


1537 Ĺײİ
ʲô
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ոһûжаտԺ˵ĽԣУȫûа취ԾκǿԤġ
Ĺײİ壡
ɫҲ΢΢һû뵽׵аѪʬǰᱻɵľƽ⡣˾̾Ͳ֪⵽аѪ׵ԭ򣬻аʬʵʵԴĦȻпɲʹưոݡֱӿٴ³һ
⻰һ£һɺƴΰȻȻӿֳ
ƿĹײİ壬ȿ㵽׳ʲô
涼ûмҪɱǶĲأΣײİ壬˭ѹסҪƿ˵

ڻһʱһΰаѪϣܿѪϵĹײĸͻȻ뱻ʲôµ˶һ˿϶ûУȴǹײİ岻𶯣ǻ棬ͺаѪ׵ĹײİѾҪѹסˣҪӹײֱӱ
ǸоҪ죬ж졣
ͬʱаѪϣһεǿѹסײİ壬ùײİҿײڣһǿҪײĸȥ
ȫаѪΪý顣
ֲϼ£һѪѪ֣Ѫ𶯣ɿ˿˿϶ܿйĺ֡
һԲϾƹײİ壬úܶ콾϶¶Ź֮ɫ
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аʬʵĹײİ尡ɲ˭ȥƵģһ֣ƿײİ壬ǽԼȥ˭ûпаʬʵĿ˭ô³֪
ЩĿɿڴ
ҹ콾¶ڴ֮ɫ
Ͼаʬҹ֮УҲʮֵأû˿Ŀԣеĺ棬ȻģЩڴƿײİ壬Ҳײŵаʬʣʲôġһɡ
̵׷ԼĹײİ壬ס𡣡
зһЦ
ƿײİ֮ǰ׷ֱͬӽʩѪϣѪ׵аûа취չֳֻƿ밴ס֮䲻ϵĽ֡
һʱֻаѪ׵Ĺײİڲϵ𶯣һʱһʱ£˴ĿģоһëȻÿνҿܸоǿҵĲ֮
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ٴ³һ
ͬȴٴһϯаѪϣѪ׵𶯱ԽԽǿңײİƺҪסˡ
֪ƿײİĺʲô
ѪУһĻУɭޱȣǱ̹ǣ
ʲôѵ㻹һλħŮҿĹײİ壬ҪñȢ㲻ɡһײİѣʲôҽҿġ
к˵
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ײİ壬ѹסˣ
飡
󣬾һаѪϵĹײĸֱӱƿƿǹƿײİΰɢΣԣҪԼĻõʵ֣ʵˣǹΰҲȻȻɢ

һ̵սԵޱȵļž·һʧȥ
ֻһĿ⣬ƴҪаѪеŵʲôˡ˵еаʬʣʲôĴڡ
У
ʿûʲôӦ
ҹУײĸƿ󣬿ײеӰ콾ͻȻ̲סһǸо·ǿʲô˼Ŀֲڡ޷ѹĵ𾪡
Ǵ˵һԪѾȻš
ԣҲഫӭս棬һսʮ꣬սನݻҹдƬ򣬵ǲϽͼڽ֮УѾ䣬ڿһλֶΣûг䣬٣ʬˡʬ飬µһ
˰˰ħ𡣾Ȼʬɵûȫ̳еħĵֻ̣һ֣Ҳĵֻ̡۾Ǵ˵еı˰ħͫѹ֣ѹôĿ£ѹ֣ѹֳŲꡣ׵ۺôĵӣȻҿĹײİ塣
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ҹ콾ĿãҲĸζڲ
ܿ⣬һ˰ֻ˰Ȼͨ嶼ɫģԵʮֵĹ죬ȴбĸдʮ˲ԾģƺҪС
ڹײĸǴ򿪵һ˲䣬ŵŮʬʱУ·ܿһɫ˰ת޾ı˰ת
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У˸Ȼ䣬ȻԿһ޴챮ƾճ֡챮ƺֱƿʱյľ룬صĽޣսϿա
һ֣ɢѹʮأǳ·ǰȻʧɫ
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ĹĹλɵĴͨ
һλɵĴͨô˵УλɣǱѹʧô֡ԣаʬʡĹǳȥġ
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ҹ콾һ󵨺
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⣬ͨһԪԽʱսޣһԪ̺⣬˿־塣
ǿÿֲ챮ÿµͨ
վ̨ϣе𺳸ӵǿң̧ۿ챮ĸܵ챮ϣ·̺޾Ľ⣬һֲֿµĽ⣬챮ŷâƺܸܵʮֽȻͬĽ⣬ȴںһ
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챮Уƺһϵ챮֮£ÿ䣬ܿ챮Ѹɱ䣬յĳ̨Ͽա


1538 
Ĺͨ䣡
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ӵ챮Խʱնصķģ·ʱͣ϶ءв˸һ֣ͳаѪѹȥ챮ۿɼٶȷǣÿ䣬ǳǧɵıǡ˲Ϣ䣬ͳ֮С
ħսʿУһ̣һ챮⣬ҲĴڡ
챮̫ͬɽ̨һڡ
׵ۣȻñ±ĹͨϣıȻС㲻ݡаʬüֱʬûӹײбĳ
аѪףǵǰרΪ˶㿪Ĺͨ׼ģͬʱʬٻһıѪʬȻǿޱȣѪʬлڶԼȴɴδزǵڶԼ
ΨһǣаѪײ״򿪣һ򿪣й¶ͻٵΣ
ֻ̨ҪѹУ״棬Ϊҹѣû뵽ȴиƿ˹ײİ塣˲ΣͨǽаѪײűܹġͨȻвԡ
ײе£ʼմ޾УʱдУһΣܵһʱֱӿԽʱն
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ͨĹͨ
ֲȻȻĴ챮ϴݶ챮˲Ϣﵽ£ϯԽѹ塣
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пе챮Ҳɰһ˿Ц챮ֵķΧ󣬿νǽ̨һڣʱնʣǱ꼰ˡ
û뵽ƿײİ壬аʬҪֽ٣ⲻˡǸԼ𡣵ͬ𺳣ͨȻǴһԪԽʱն
ʩչһͨˣֽǺεȵǿεȵĲ˼顣
ȻҪ˷ѱһ̣ǿɶ񣬿ɶ
аʬԵüΪŭȴƺ̣ûܿаѪУһɫı˰շ
˰һɳѪף֮ʼţһѤɫ糱ˮɢ֮һ˰ϵĳ֣ջΪһƬɫı˰Ѥı˰һ𣬷·һƬɫĻ𺣡۳һ͵ɫ˰
챮ǰƺҪ챮װȥ
Ǵ˵б˰ħϴͨ˰
˵У˰һɷپڻбᣬʧӰ١̺ű˰һԪ޵һеһУɱ˰ŵϡֹͨȥѴݻٱ˰׳˰ɫ˰纣ɲ⡣
ҹ콾Ŀãŵľɫ˰УޱȵļһԪµһִͨ
ԻԽԽǿձѤУɢΪΡ
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챮ϣͬڵһʱͱһϽ⡣챮ϻ緭ãһն£֮ܿһ˰Ȼڽ𡣱˰ͨ޷ȫӣͱǿдݻ٣Ȼһ㶼ûɡֻǣûȫɣͱ顣ǽ̺Ľ⣬ǰԵ¡Ѿ̺һֲԡ
Ǳ˰ͬˣı˰Ծ˵ٶٴ
ٴײһ
һʱ䣬ֻܿһͱ˰Ҫ챮̵ͬ޴챮ȴһҪ˰
Ĺͨ䡣
аʬʿ΢΢
챮̺ͨ䡣ңʮΪһ⡣һⶼңһСǿ
һԪµҹǿߣڿ챮²ͨܶҹǿжЩ𡣸ӲҪ˵ͨ
ʱܿǱ˰ͻȻʼ챮˽ȥ

аʬĿãȴûиоκεĸˣԽӵѿⲻ챮Ǳ챮ɽȥĹͨӵһеĿͨսữΪ챮еϣ챮ֻҪ޷һ챮챮ġ
챮ڣһĹ
Ҫȡȥͻ챮ϡ
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飡
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аʬʾȻˣ챮̫£ֻӶУ쿴ɫ˰ˡ
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̾գƺѲķѰ
ʼ޷̽鵽аѪ׵Ϣ
ͻȻ䣬챮ϸֳһӰ
һɫ۵Ӱȴû¶棬ֻ¶һӰǱӰܸܵεΰһۣ񿴵һ޷ߴڡ
ԪµļԪʼôܺã֮Եˡҹǰ·ԶԸ¡
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ֻ֮ʮ챮бħսɢȥÿһжܸܵһ־ǿϽ̺С
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죬Ͽȥңഫʮ۶ɣÿһ֣ΰõлɾʹͨߣǳʥҲڻ¡
ԵԵĴУഫһԪǿߣûĴУǾˡһĴûᡣ
ʿ콾˲о¶֮ɫ


1539 
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Զҹ
ԪУԻ͵ʱ
ֻǣһսһĵ̻ǲҹսУļΪңٵĶǿߣÿһ;ʬǺѪ̾ͳġ
գ˫ȭѵ֮£Զܴ죬ȫ濪սɵĽȴͬʱشĴսһµĴѡ糱ϫ
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ǿߣһԪǿߣûȫ䣬һԪĴܣӵеֶΣεǿˣܷҹĵҹ١
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ĴУջʵ̫ˣû˭ܹ޶ãǲ壬ǿģӵеջ󣬿޿ɿܡ
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֮ȣ̨ȶ飬¡
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вͬһ䵽Уҵǿɾǧѡ
ҲáʤѾӵһݵٵĵݡϣνǶɧȺۡ
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˵ҹ콾ĻЩеҹ콾֪УֻҧУƴһսĲҪ򣬶ƴս̨ϣģֱӱһסҲס档
еҹ콾Ҳʮ
ϵλãһ·Ѿʮݵλá콾У˵ǰļλЩУ콾׷׿ʼո¶ͷą̇̄ϣķ²С
һ죬ŮƷʳУеĿ΢΢һ٣¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ȥ


1540 
ôˣ
ǿɺѯʵ
Է˵ǾһߵܣЩˣȻĺܣԼڱϺû̫󣬿ڳ棬ʮֵӣǶԴʳһ˿ȫĵĸʳȤУһԣûҪ飬ǾԲƷʳĹ̡
ʲô飬Ҳǵȳ˵
شʳ
һ㣬֪׵۳еĳҲһ㶼ڳԷʱš
ʲô飬ǵȳ
ԼϳԷӣҲʮϡ١
ǲôġ
ĪǷʲôȤ顣
ܽҲѯʵ
һȤ顣ΪͻȻһλʧɢܳʱĹˣΪѾ⣬û뵽ħսٴμ֮ϲ
¶ЦݱԽӵŨ
ʲôˣôǰû˵
Ҳѯʵ
ǺܶǰĹˣңںǰĹˡˣȳԣҹȥһλѡеȻһЦһ˿Ȥ漴ȻȻʧ
ٴγʱѾڰѻ⡣
˼֪ʮʱ䣬㵽ʲôľ
зһૡȻʮֵȤ
˳ڤڤеĸӦǰȥ

˿̣ѻǲԶ
ܿսϣһҷƿմСϣȻԿһȺµʿ棬ƴԦŷǰȥģ·ںʲôµĶڲ׷һ
Ϊ׵һλȻһòΪӢӣֻвʱĺ֮ɫ˿ԿһλݽɫմȾѪԲ
¥ô죬аħѾҪ׷ˣǱ뾡ҵսǣҪȻѰǡһŮ˵
һ˵һתͷ濴ȥƺںʲôµĴ׷ǡ
¥λôԵõһУֻҪӹһ٣¥ȻԳΪ콾Ϊܾ롣ֻǿɶ񣬵ʱȻᱻҹ콾ҪȻǱһʱ䣬Ϳ֪
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Ҫ֪տʼǧˡȴ֮ʣˣֿ֪
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һ̣ϵʿʱһһȫ¶һޱ𾪵ɫٶĲ²⣬ͬû뵽ЧҵĿǴ˵е콾׵۳֮׵С
˭УֻҪϹӣӣֻ֪֮ܲǰû˭ⷽȥ롣ΪʵЩͬ췽ҹ̷һ
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һݣΪڽħȸٶȿ磬·ɽƿգƻǿȫ£ϣ˲̳ܽһ󶴡
սϣһȺӣ͸ǧɽɡ׺ޱȡ
һֻֻ£һȺǾ˾顣
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ɱ
ϵʿûκγɡ붼룬ͨսĴ˳ȥ
ʱƬƬĺڽħȸɱ
ֻǣħȸ̫࣬գɱһһɱ
ңϣȻһ⣬иڽϡýϵĹâѸٿʼ𲻶·һ̣ͻ᳹һľ
洫У򣬽ȫҪҪǽУһ·
ħȸϿգȻԿһŹߵӰħȸ𣬳ڷ⣬һЦ
棬롣ĴУܽҹѾҵԺУֻҪҲ˵ԶõС
¥һЦ
ͻȻݳһǿϢεķת
ͼͨϸ꣡
ͨʩչȻԿؼ䣬ȻȻðһ磬ϸ꣬


1541 
磬ͨķ硣Ǿ硣Ҳͨ꣬ѩꡣϸ룬ȴ̺űѩϣ̴ѩ㣬Ѫ磬޿ײ롣ϸУԪǿߣҲ޵
ܶˡ
Կܼĺڽħȸϸǡգۼ䣬ħȸӰ׹䣬ѾϸʴǶ׹ħȸڵ⣬ֳһѾʴʴѪ
ЩħȸҲȷʵ
ųڹ⣬Ϊһٴ󡣽ϬνǸޱȡϸײһǾǸĽ档նڷ۽ϣƶھҶ֣ĹâǼٱð
ڼǰߡ
һ̶ûͣЪ
ǷҪñԳ֣ȻˣǱʥӾ֪ʲô콾
Ǵû׵ӷһЦͻȻ䣬ֻſհ׵ϣâһһ׺׵ĳ֡ڸֺ󣬺ȻҲΪһ塣
߾ĳڴˣ־ܣԲá
ϵһͿֱӱΣΪģϽӼף컭ꪣͷϽڡһȻ׺Ŀⶼһģһ٣û
ʲô˫ս
һ̣ϵĿãҲɵ̲סһӿֳ޾𺳡
ʲôѽ
һߵҹ콾ҡһ䣬ֱӾͱ˫սǿ˹ôΪӵ˫սⲻǿЦ
ΪУ͵Լͷˡ
Ц
ʿ𾪵ͬʱ̲סƿڴ
ͨ˫ʽѪ
ֻǱģҹ콾ſڷһϺȡϸȥһģһģֱ治κε
һϺȡֻѪɫѪհңͬʱѪ糱ˮע컭Уʱ컭˸貵Ľ⣬ڲϲ񱩵⳹ս֮С
Ѫ⣬ͨûκ
飡
ֻ⡮סսꪣֱӽսµֱһ塣Ѫţ˲串գ·һƬʬɽѪͬʱһɫ컭ꪲϷֻǧ˲ϢΧ۳һ޴ĻɫĻڲת֮иһУһС񱩵⣬Աա
˲Ϣ䣬ͽ۸ڡ
飡
ת䣬ڷϣܿϵĽ磬ۿɼٶȿʼɢ漴ͳױһ컭ꪺڷϣ۾ҡΣǵıɳȥӰ档
ôܡ
˫սĶսѪսͨһĨһôܣֱǲ˼顣ߡ
ˣ۱ˣ׷ϣ׶༪ˡ
һȺʿ׷״˳ûΪڵ϶ˣΪһ̶ȣͨıʣǴ̫в
˵һ飬洫У컹ԿһҪȻĽ죬ǵļա
ٴηһϺĿңȻǴУûз˼Ҫõ
Σвܽ㡣ĴСҲԲ㡣¥һЦ
ߣΪ㲻ûа취ŪôֱЦֻҪץסѻ֮׾ܻȡļ䣬ʱ򣬴䵽СֻǶһֽŶѡ
Ц˵Ȼ㲻Ը⽻ǾɱԹȡ
£һӷ컭ꪣһ̤ƣɽϯ
ɱ
컭һꪳ¥ǻնȥ

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׵ۣС
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һϳͱȻǻʤ֣ˡҹеν൱Ũ֪콾η֮Ыڵ̨ʱ»ᱻиѡϣһУĽ֣Ѿע
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ϵ죬ȻܲȥܻȡԼĻԵٳɳϡÿһһɾֻͣķΧʵ̫ˡ
Щ߷ɢҪһǶǧѵ顣㹻ˣټ棬ԭѣҲעҪֿһӡ
رֿлΪҪ棬»ǧѣпܣһӶϾߣĲ˭֪ʲôʣˡ
ң⼸ʮߣҲԲûС
ֻǲΪ֪ѡ
ԣһֱжҲû̫ȻǺãҲû̫ϵֻû뵽һλħս
سŰѻǿʱΪԼԭڤڤеϵȻʼ֮ǰǸоϵǰδе󣬲ŶǰЩ굽ʲô
ֻû뵽һĻ
˵ʵڣصӡǼΪ̵ģڵ£ϵʵѡǣһС
ⲢΣοԼпޣҪǲԸ⣬ͿԽϾҶͬһط֮䣬ǹˡ
еȻһЦ
Ȼʲôˣ˵ĻĳŵҲԲ᲻ϣЩ꣬һֱѰҵ۾ضȻ˵


1542 ʥ
ЦǰôֵһȣԴ¿Ҳܷ˭ǿǴ׵۳֮ؼһ˳֮ǰǩԼõĵ⣬ͬԴֱ֮ǰĳ̶ֳϣͬ磬ǹˡ
ϵڣټرͲʲôӹţҪڴ֮УӵһΪȫʲô⡣ֽȶҪԼҿ鶹ֱײˡ
Ҫȶϡ
ο׼Ϊ׼һ˲õĴ
ãº͸ۻذѻǣ尲ţʱ˵Ƚǰ۵Ķ
׵ͷ
֮ǰĻ̽ѣڵĻش𣬲ûие⣬ܼףںܶ˵һβõ顣
ǣ۾
غȻľͽɫҵԼݶλӦ
ô£˵˵
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Բ
ȻòһѪһеһϢƺͬһ㣬ǾǣٵģվǼٵģ治ˣ˿ȴĸоǰĲһԹĸоָоôһ˿
ҲԥٵĽľ˵һ顣
˵۾洫¹ش׼׸ס⴫УûдҪռⶫҲǶռ˵ģϾ洫¹شһ¶ȥǾͻվķ˿ڣû㹻ǿĺʵֻˡ
нףȻõѡ
ǣΪıһ֮ף˵ҲһͶ״
Ҫڴ׵۳УҲԵ̫ͻ
һݣһݷؾΪ׵Ĵй֮һʱ򣬻һʹѫ㡣ЩԺȻ֪
׵ͷ
ûȫҪе뷨ⱾصĻԵнףǾͻӦĹѫѫ㣬ڴУҪҪĶࡣֻҪеģûйѫ㻻ȡġܶ챦ڶһ֮С
л۾
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˭
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ȻһֱվɲԸģҪԵĻԸһʼԶݶȥԡгֺһεѾֻҪκ춯һʱκζ
һˡ
Ҫϣû˭ȫ˵İա
˾ߣδЩ̫ˣ棬û󣬱ȴӵͨս츳Ըˣǿ߾иˣˣȡû֮ȫս
пǰʥӻ³һ
ӸոصУѾ֪ʥӵһЩͨ仯ȷʵԳƵϹ֡ǿ죬ߵҲʮֿ¡
ھǧ򻯵ڱ仯ʱԷʵͨһȡҪǺƣǼΪµһ콾ҪǶдɱ͸׾١
ڹżпҹУһʮֿµ壬Ϊħ壬壬˳󣬶ף٣ûԱеġħޱȣ󣬿ǿѪ󣬽ǧ򻯵
ʵȷʵˣ߲ǱģħУÿ˶۳ıʵҲѪͿϣ౾Դ֮۳ߡߣǳɳһ׶ΣĵرգɳΪһǽħ
߾ͨһ־֡ӵе棬ֻҪˣԷʩչͨͿ߽иơǸףңԷһжиƣȡǳؼ䣬ĵۡ
ߣǲֻܸһס
ڻƽʱԸʮףףһٸؽףһǧףһ򸱡ףԸԱĲͬתԱߵԣǾеģŮԣǾŮġ
֪ж¡
ҪɱңǾͿ׵ûɱ
ʥ϶ʱ¶һ׺֮ɫ
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ǫ̈̄ϵʵչֳ

վھսϣָһȣɢ
£һεΰȻȻĸ֣Ѫϯȥε־ȻȻǰԵײһѪûͬǰҹ콾ʩչͨһױĥѹεΰҵĽײ
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⣬־ۣ־ǿ£ﵽ£ǲ
۵ͨԵһ㣬ǵۻ־Եۻʵ־ʹطֱӷ־øǿͬǿ־ǾͻᷢҵײУ⣬ǿԵһַ֮һȻֱָӶԿԽݻͨɲֻ־ֵܵġ
ⲻˣһҪ
εȵľԵ˫ͨļӳ£չֳ͸ӵǿ󡣵̺ĵۻ־ȴӵİԵӵ޿ɿ⡣
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һ䣬Ϳʥסȫ޷ƾճƥߴ󣬳һƥ㽫ʥӵͷֽȫסžͬʱ񱼡ʱȫܿϽ׳ļ⡣ľ

ʥӿɫ䣬Ե쳣ѿȫû뵽Լбʬһ졣


1543 ¥
ҪߣȴԵǿжסֶͲκοܣȫûеĽס޷ֻƥԼֱһʬϣȫܸ̺ܵĿֲ
ⲻǽԵֶ̺Ȼ
䣡
͵ʥֻſ³һ
ȻԿʥӣѾָԼԭȵģɴǿߣֻһΣѸٸֳһס׿·һͬƽĽһŹâһȻ䷢췭ظı仯
ֱӻΪһ޴Ļƽˡ
ͨ嶼ɢҫ۵Ľ⡣죬ͨ˸ŽĹһȫܴӱըԵļĸܳһǿȫǽ죬Ȼһ塣

ƥʱȻ·ϵڸϣֲƺҪֱȥֻǣɽӿ񱩣ӵ᲻
ʥϣֽͷ­ȫıֱ򿪣ڣǴݳһĹڶѡ
ò˵ƽ˵ʮּǿƥ޷׵Ľ˺ѡûһ˲ͳ˺ʬ
ѣ
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ʱٴθֳ޴ģȻÿһսƥͬٴסͷ­֫սʼ
棡
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ټ٣
ٶȴﵽһּʱ˲ֱ
飡
һСʥӵѾķѣʬѶѪڰбһѪ󣬾ʧ·̰ɢΪС
׵ۣţʥӻٻģɱһҾưոݡ
һŭĻңԶд
һħ壬ȻҹУѱɱ֮һ
вûжԴ˸е⡣
ħ壬һΪµ壬Ѳģǵıֱ˷ָߣһ۳Ǽǵıء߿ԸؼĸǿߡÿθƣǲɸĵġЩƵףС
ǧŲͬףݡ
ʱԱ任ͬݣֻҪǱֱԣеԣֻиƵһݡ
ʥӸոԻƽ˵󣬱ѿǣ˲תƣƽ˵ݣʧϣһѺۡ
ǸһǧĿݡԴֻܸ֮ƾŰپʮԶ١
˵èоܹΪŴΣħȣֱС׼סȫֵһᡣħ壬ǽеȫ𣬷Ǿ޷ɱ
ԣѲֱﵽ˷ָĵز
һԪУɾ޴ˡ
ħһȱݣǾǷ̫еʮϡ١ҪܣȾͱԵȷŮ޷ġɺܲĵʮУֻһӵ˳ģѡûϢġ
ҪķģһΣҪһʧΪۡ˵ħܹȥѾΪףϣȻ֮٣ԶԶ֡
ǲһε顣
ɱһңǧǧң˵ľǡ
Ȼһвûиоʧ
ˮʯ㹻࣬綼ġ
۾Ȼħ嶼ܵɱȻɱֻ࣬˾̾ǵ۵ͨôһԿΪ·¡ӡ
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ڷϻȺʿһĿɿڴĿУĿ¶֮ɫ
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أѻ߸Ҫ˶þͻִ͸һ𷵻ذѻǡ֮Уһϯ֮ء
пؿ˵
ǣ۾
غĴӦͼ˵ǰħսΪ۾׼һݴ񣬶ңݴ׼˶ʮꡣҪ۾ȥա
УһĨԺȻԼ׼ݴžԵġ
ݴ׼ʱ򣬻ҪӵʱѾʼ׼Ѿ뵽һ죬ңΪ֮õ׼Ϊľһݴ񣬸Ӯȡĳ롣
Ŷ˵˵
Ҳһ˿档
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Щ꣬»ȡõԵӵйУʱλã뺣Ϊ棬ҲΪ˿壬ԣҴͷ˾¥һ־ͬϵʿնɱޣ壬ԴɱǿΪĿꡣܵıܱաʿֻҪвܵģԳΪ¥ͣΪһӡ
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ʲôˣִ˼ϣȻųһȵǰհԡǺؼʲôҪǾĶ˲š
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Щ˲Уǧٹ֣ʲôС
ʦҩĶҩʦʦƷʦжıʿսݺһսʷϵˡӵ챾ˡصȻǲŹԣ¥УпսĴ󽫣Ҳоʤǧıʿ
иʵǿʿ
ÿһǲɷϵ˲š滹ж˲š
Щ˲ţҪ£¥ǻ˾޴ľʱкʹ׵۳ͷܵԳɹ
¥˲ţ
۾һصĿһ˿ϲ
ȷʵһݴ˾ϲĴ
õռ˲УԲȱʷˣ򣬲ǰ˵˵š
Щ۹ȥ
һϵĿ˵
ħսɲ֮أЩ˲ţκһǱǲƸκ⣬ǶǲֲʧȻҪԽԽáֻҪѻУȫġ
Ϊİġ
иǿҵڴ
ڴж˲š


1544 
¥ʿûиǱڷСγΪҹаħȡѫܵĶһһЩ챦Դû뵽õУʥ׷ɱֻҪǰǣͿ˳ǡ
ؿ˵
ɫһ˿ڴϾ׼˼ʮĳɹţԿдһΪͬʱˣԼھ¥оۼȺʿжྪˡһݲɹĴ
Ǿ
пѯʵ
Ĳ˵ҪľǽЩʿȫνķУ˭֪᲻ᷢʲô⣬һʲôʣɵʧ̫ˡ
ﲢԶ꣬ҪִҪһʱ䡣
ؿ˵
ʥ׷£֪ܳԶľ룬˵ЩԶ
ɣ¥ЩˣȥѻǣȻưţȻȥ¥ʣµȺʿ
΢˵
ɫûгɣʮֹϵ
һ۾š
ûκϵĴӦ
Ǻã˽ռţȻԵִѻǡ
׵ͷ˵
£ּ䣬ͿһռȻȻĳǰɫĿռУֳһɫ⣬ޱȡѤ˫
صʾ£һ¥ǿ߷׷̤˽ȥȻľʧУٴγʱѾѻСڳУȻԺɵĽǰٺá
ˣҲ
˵
ָûټԦսսŮ⣬˶ܵȥݵѾݻ٣ڣҲûа취ռȡ
ָ󣬲ǰԾ
ԿռŵеٶȻľˡصָûд£һ·Ϻ⣬ʱѾһսǰ
ϸȥսԣռݵһ㶼С˿ڣңǽߴõĲϣһɫĳשǿܸܵӳɢĳȡÿһשϣճĳɫһơ鲼ǽ¡
óǽӼ̣Σʱ̣ơγɽ󷨣ӳսʿ
һԪ󣬿˵ֻһ㣬Ͳ֪ʡ˶ٵĹ򣬴ĺô޷ġӲҪ˵ǳеһЩزǸޱȡ
Ϊսо޴档
ǽϣȻŷ֡
ڳǽϣȺӵսʿפ档
Щսʿܿĳ壬Ҳ壬ţǵţͷսʿսʿսʿȵȣǧٹ֣岻ͬЩУȴల£ܵսѡڴսУΣʱֻߵսѡ
ҹе£ԭȵĶԹȫһߡ
ҲܿĳУûбһʵȫռݣǸ干ͬƹܣһص²֣ܳħսϣȴһֳ̬
۾У干棬壬壬壬ĴΪһЩ壬ǲΪǡУʨ콾ʨ̫Ϊ콾ХΪ콾Ϊ壬һ콾Ϊ޵СսǿͳϳͬС
ؿΪн
䣬Ѿеĸһ顣ڳУ콾Բкܶ಻֪ǿǱڳУûչ¶ԼķɡƺڵȴһһٳĻᡣ
ÿһսжǲԻ
Ҫ֪սɱУܻȡѫܴħжһָԴǹǵҩӦоУʲôԽǵʲҪģʣʱڣٳɳɱ
ԣԲСκһš
ϣ¡
ǺãھͽȥҪһ£ȥ󣬾ͳΪͿԡ֦
׵ͷϴģֻһɫ۱¡ȻûףҲһεľÿˣѼסҲǲסǳʲôӣֻҪ¶һ˵ûж˿֪ݡ
ˣԱܶ鷳
ǣ
ЦŴӦ
ǽȥɣڳУΪ׼һݴϲһϲٴ˵ţԱ
ҵҪúüʶһ¡ϣʧ
׵ͷ˵
⾪ϲԽԽáɲ
ħսϵսǣڳſڣһ澵ӣΪħֻҪҹаħʮ֮˾ţǶزסħ¶μ⾵ӣҲֻҳԷμ֮⣬ûȻǾԵġ
һЩҹ콾ȻӦİ취ܿħĿ̽
ۡ
һ£սǶǲƳġ
ԣصĴ£ȻľʹţС
һȥܿԵú֣ȻǸۣȴӰһЩʿڳаڵ̯һЩ׵顣
ܶ඼ʦƷʦʦԼƳķҩӵһ֮ˣħսģһһʱ˽ܡ
ƳƷȻ൱ıսϣҲܶɱ𵽼档
ͬСɡ
ҿ¥ҩ׼¯ƵĵҩֱӶۡȡҩҿɲܴĴûᡣԹĦҩ֮мôġ
ҩҪ¯ɲܴ˵ҩƵĵҩƷ׼ߣңʼ٣лƳ覴õʮɵ鵤ɵ쳣ҪĿ鵤ĵǼֱĪҫ
ҩ֮տޱȣ뻯ǹĦҲܶղ޴Ĵٽһѵõʢ£֪ҩҪʲôĵҩڴ
ͻȻ䣬дһ
漴ʿ׷׳һ۹ȥսǵ㳡λá
¥ҩҵʿ
˼Ŀһأѯʵ
Ҿ¥վȽŸҩкܵĹϵһȥ֪ҩǿʢ¡Ц˵
ãǾһȥ
ҲûоܾͷӦ
ʿĽŲܿս롣
ܿǰģһƬ޴Ĺ㳡
㳡룬ȻԿһӵĵ¯һ߶ڵ¯ǰ¯棬лȻȻ⣬Ϊ¯Ԥȡ棬ܿȻǽɫĻ档
ӹ㳡ĵððλãֻһСס
ɲͨ棬Ƿеز֮һΪٽһƬ㳡УӵоžŰʮһףðʮһʦͬʱʹٽ


1545 ҩ
ٽ𣬿˵еû֮һһ𣬿ӵҩĳɵʣõҩƷʣøߣʣңɵٶҲҪ졣ӾΪˣԣսϣҲС
Ǻܶʦϲǰս֮һ
о޴ô÷УڶʦҲһ֮ʦǿ
ȻҲҲһž޴ĺô˿Ҫѷɫ
һ̣㳡УһߣԼǿڵ¯⣬ûһ˫˫Ŀ⣬עƺڴ۾ɵϴ»κһ˲䡣Ļ޷ˡ
ҩ
пҲͫһ
ǰҩϣȫܸܵһȻϡһֱ˵Ĵȱ֮ʣһۿͲһĪ׽ѶʲôС
һֶص˸
ƷԵж
ϷƵģħлȡĵΪ絤һϹŵҩ֣ͨϵƷɵ͵ߣֱΪһϵϡÿһϣζŵҩƷԽߣƷԽߣ̺Խ٣ЧԽǿһ絤ɼʿһöϣ絤Ϊĳɣһﵽϣɹʽߴųɡ˵ʮҲΪʧܵļʣվеġϣҲûпǰ˭޷֪пǿҲпСһֻܸۡƾԵˡ
ֻȻһЦĳγҲûоԵİգƳĵҩܴﵽϣҲ޷ȷȨһγԣɹȻãʧҲ޷ǳɹλѣҩн
УȻѾ;˵˳
׼ó׵ġ
˭лá
ǰǣƳ絤
ܱߵʿ˭ж¶֮ɫ
絤ֱܹӴϣȫҪӦϿٷϿٺԽϣٷԺǾһǿĴС
ʧܼʣҲûгɹĿܣһĦа
ĺȻǷֵĺ
ҩʵ̫ˡ
絤ƳǸлҩǡ
һʿ׷׿˵
ȻֵļΪġ
ҩҲûж˵ֱӿ˵絤ΪҩǲݣͨϹǧʯ飬¶
絤ĵƺûҪܵ˼ȻҲȫֻ˵ǰ빫ķƵĴЩûж˵úܶʦϲ񡣱ϾһȫµĵܹѧǾ֮ϲ
£¯ѾԤȡ
ּ䣬¯򿪡
ǲݣͨϹϰҩղͬĴ򣬿ʼ뵤¯Уʦ;Уٴ򿪵¯ҩġǽҩģȫ뵤¯ڵ¯УķţҩģôƯڵ¯֮ڣȵӦʱ̣ٽ⿪ӦҩĵĽƣҩĿʼȥ໥ںϴĴ򣬻İѿأܱøӵľϸ
ĳɹʣżá
УҪõʶʶģǲСģһѹеôɣİѿءÿһҩںϵǷؼġ
ԣܿͶҩģȴѹ۲쵽¯еı仯
ҩʼȻȻĴһⵤǸ֮ã߶ҩԣʣȵȣһת
ȫԴӵϣܵ¯еı仯ʲôʲôĵ
̫ҪõƵ𣬵̫Ҫ𣬱øʢֱ仯ҪȫС
̣ȻݲκεĴš
Ѿ½磬ои硣ܵӰ졣
ҩҩ˼㡣
п³һĿдһ˿ȡ
˼㣬ιõľϲȻһĴȷʵԹ
ҩ˼㣬ʱҲоʮֵ⡣ңھ¥УҲ⣬Ǻ뵽ǿҾ¥У۵ʿ٣ܱߵչˣң岫ɱ¥еʿˣŻѡ˵ȥ
ؿ˵
ҩǾˡҪǿ¥飬ֻҲ¡
˼֣ڻʷУԺաǧš
ѧʣ֪ʶ㲩ֻǺҽƣ˺ܶҲƣǣ־ҽңʱʮֺöʴ7ʱ򣬾ʶһǧ֣ÿܱǧֵ£ݡ顷أκ󳼶Ŷ˼ʮأΪʥͯ18ʱ־ҽľмߣ桱20꣬٩٩̸ӡׯӵѧ˵ͨҵ伮˳ΪʥͯʼΪβ
һҽϵ裬νӰԶǧҪ͡ǧǸǧš
֪ܻݡ
˼ϲķи֢дȱ
Щܱ˼ҽҩϵ裬Գ󣬶ҽͨģʦһῴҽߣܸ׵ա
ҩˡ
һ裬νǴﵽ൱˵ĸ߶ȡ
֮ȣ׵۳еɽδ֮ģûȣһ֮䣬֮ܿĲ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
ҩǴ׵ˮƽӡ
аһĨԺеͷתҩ˵Ҫ顣
ҩĺôЩȫǺ󻰡Ҫûһжǿջ
κ塣
˿Ҳûж˵
ֻǾۿš
ڹۿḶ́ȫһԵܡ
һ㶼ÿζûиоʱšܶʦϲʱһ˿˷ܿϲ֮ɫƺеõʲôĳЩ޴ջ
֪УȥŸʱ
ͻȻ䣬ܿ¯ϣðһ֮¯𶯣·ϼҪӿ
ˢ
ʱͷзƱáһƾճ֡
쿴ǽơ
٣ǵٰ˵ĵҩҪƳ٣ܶɹ٣ŻĳҪȻеҩᱻٴݻ١絤Ȼ٣Ʒ׿϶ߡ
ʿĿãǵһԾ
꣡
ٿɲˣ۳κ󣬶ʱһ׽پʹŵ¯ֱһĺ
𣡣

ڵʱԿ¯ðֱ֮ӻΪһһ㣬Хս˫ڵ¯⡣ӭס


1546 
ƶĵҩڳɵʱγ֮ݻ֮ⲻǳɵͬǣػҩһϱݣҩƷԽߣƷԽãγɵ֮Խǿݻ͸ǿֵܰǿĽ˳Ρ
ڵ٣һ㶼ƾ¯еҩԼɢ뵵ݻֵֵסǾʦԳֵֵٵֵסûԮͻܽ
ĵҩҪƳԲеôס
ߵٽٵĵزǾɹѾ֮ңֻҪɹ٣һȻˮɣ˳µɡ
飡
ܿǵ󣬵۳սֱӳ𣬵ڵǰײսʱ𣬸űð
ţһһΣǵȥٱĵûɢֻԵðࡣ
еĽƣɢ
ǶʦġٵǿȣǺ㶨ģŵ¯еҩƷġȻһ絤ĵֻأסˣȻʧڵʧͬʱܿһ컯֮ȻȻĴ뵤¯С
ǽͬҲһ컯
ֻҪɹ˳ɵңõҩƷʸһ¥Ʒʶ˶ԣܶɹ٣ںܶʦ˵Ƕϲּ顣
ҩƷףƷʣÿһ㣬Ǽֵȫһġ

ҩٽѾף¯ʱѾһ֣һȡʱͿ¯ϱܷĲͻȻѿ˸׶ӿ׶һöö˸ϼĵҩǵҩϣȻԿƺһ۳֡
ϣ
ϣ
ϣ
ϣ
ֵҩУΨûϣϵġҲûһϵġһƷ͵ģѾԿĳһεҩƷףƽ൱͡ʮ־ˡ
ңаö
ϵöϣ϶һöϵģöպǰö
һԳﵽöѾ൱˵֡ɵʲͣңܸܵЩ絤ƷҲʼΪϡ٣Ѿ˵ﵽųɡ
̫ˣҩȻҩ絤һԳɹﵽöƷ׻ﵽųɵƷ˸ߣʮɵֻһ˿ˣҪһ㣬Ǿ鵤ˡ
ûгΪʮɵҩܱߵʿоʮֵ㣬ֻһ㣬Ѿȫ֪ˡ̫ࡣ
ˣλѣĳöȫóףƷײͬ۸ҲͬҪģǰһ
ҩЦǺǵ˵
ֽȻʮָˡѾò
ʱܱߵʿ׷ǰҲ塣Ѿû𡣶ЩʿҲһ㶼о⣬ƺѾ죬о顣ûгɣһЩ׼ʿѾǰóһЩҩжһ
ҩڸоʺҲ΢Цɽסõתۼʧ
ϣ԰ͼ
ȴͫһҩԺпһͷ
еϣңҲ۳ڶͼȡΪ԰ϣӿȪϣϣٸľˮ񣬻ϣںһ𣬹һͼͼʵһû
ʺָҩκҩ֣ν൱档
Ȼ԰ͼҲҪôϽйֻҪӿȪϣϣԹ򵥵԰
ҩԶϹ԰һв԰ǿԿ϶顣һԱܵĸӦ
Ȼҩӵ԰һ㣬ֻ΢һû⣬Ⲣֵ̫ȡ԰һ飬ҩûҲͰˣܲϡҩģ԰УҪʱʱȡá
򵥷㣬֪ôʡġ
λȡҩȻ׼Լ԰֮УԺ󣬶ԲٵȱӦҩģÿһʦ֮һӵԴԴϵҩԼ
ҩƵ絤ȻΪ֡ܿͱһա漴ʿҲҩʩ뿪
ܿĳҩ鼫ΪʼնЦǺǵģ絤ȡջΪ⡣ΪԼ԰˼ԭûеҩġջ
ϣ֮оҪƳʮɵѾңԶﻹҪǰءҲûгɣǰҩЦ˵
Եʮֵ硣
ԭ¥ˡϷɵĿ佱֮ֹģһЩƤëѣҪвСҩȻһЦº͵˵
ɫһ㶼û԰Եãһǫѷ
˹͡
ҩĿϣ˫۾ʮƽȴ·ܿһУм򵥵ڣ·˿ܶʲô̫Ӱ졣
һ۾ܿĿ
Ҳûй𾪣ֻǺƽ³һ
ǺǣϣߣȻؾ¥οǴ˺þƣǱ߳ԱġЦ˵˵Щ̫㣬ǻȥ˵ӵ׵
á
ҩҲûоܾ׵ͷӦ
¥ڷСң㳡λòԶ
һ·Уûã¥ǰ
ܿ¥оŲ㣬ռݵСҲ۸챦ȡǮʡһǾ¥Էĵط¥Ϊ׵ĵطΪסޣ߰˲Ϊ¥ʿס֮أھŲ㣬ص˽˿ռ䡣
ھ¥УԵú֡
ϾʿڣÿĿ飬ȻֻҪʱ䣬ѡȼһ¡滺һ񾭡
߽¥ֱϵھŲ㡣
¥ȻǿޱȡغȻĿʼԸȥָζԴԴϵĶȻкҩϯԼȴû£ֻվһԣݵλչֵֻҪɵӣôվ塣
кþƣǰҵһ̳Ů죬ڵǧŮ죬ĳ𣬴⣬ֱк˼ơ
ϣӦѾ֪һλǾ¥ЧҵĶҲؼһ˳׵۳֮׵۵档ǰΪҪһǰס
غȻĿڽܵ
שȽ˵
׵۵棬ϵȻܿҵ˫۾ûϹϲ۾棬ʵҡ۾Ϊ׬úô
˼ЦǺǵ˵УóԷθ
ЩΪһӦȥĶѣҲֻԼӦġһߵڣңǰҲû뵽ֻ˵ҵȽϺáУ콾ֻҪǳʱ䣬綼ո¶ͷǣΪ
еȻһЦ


1547 ҽ
ǱŶǿߣһ㣬˭
壬ʺеһʣԶٶҪࡣȻĳЩ棬ǱȲ츳ʱ츳ǿѪǿһսҪɲ֡˵ƽӹٶ죬壬вͬ츳ٶȣҪ塣ȻЩԵģǾԡ
Сκ壬СԼ塣
ӲС塣
壬ǿ֮һ
һʼһѪȶѵĻɳ壬ûжԸΪеġѹȥǾ͵űѹ
콾УΨѹȺۣΪĿеľ֧һĸʵ
˼˵ɫһ㶼ûпЦ˼ĿеĵλеҪҪĶࡣǰУѹ£֧ģڵһħսϣһѹ壬Ϊս϶ռͷĿס
еԺУģ׼
֪˶ٰռȥɳ
˵еĵλѾ޿ܹԽĵزӰ죬ش
һ㣬˼һҪ࿴޷ͨһ
ɱֳӦء
ˣҴ׵۳ǰٷϴˣʵʱ̣еһУǴ޵УһǰеģͬҲǴ׾յġ˳֮ɷɣУҪܶ
ҲûйĨǣ֮ĺչ¶
ûͣ٣˵һҽ֮賬Ⱥȱ֮ģǵһˣȣģǧˣˣٶˣҴףϵҽ裬ȫԽ벻ѧִҽѧԺҽƣҽѧҽΪİҽβʹ˻
ҴײؾУҽܴͨȣܶϵҽиõƽдҩֵҩģԹϾƸֵҩ
һҽѸĳ뱻кԥ˳Щҽѧ伮ǲѧҽԾƵҩΪҪҩֱΪ顣
κˣо޴
ĶģȻڲѧпѧƣҽȥһ㣬˼дȱ֮ĵˣӵջ
ܿ˼۾еĹâøӵ
ҽȥȷʵʮһ顣
ټϴΪĸֱҩȡ֮֮ߣûУƾһ֮ҪѰȸ˲֪ҪݶٱȫûκοɱԡӲҪ˵Ǵ׵۳˳һȫת޷ġ
۾˵ܵõ۾룬ĳܲӦ
ҩȻһЦ
ʲô㡭Ӧˡ
еԣȰ˵룬û뵽˼㾹Ȼôɼ򵥵ĴӦ
ȷʵ˸е⡣
Ҳˡ
˼ӦǱȽ˵һˣ̬̫ƽ̫ͣȻЩ󣬵ȻֻԵģû뵽ôʹӦԭ׼õȰ˵֮ȫòˡ
ȻӦ̵ܽҽѧҽԴȥⱾһʮ顣Ҳоҽδĵ·δУǷҽһҲԻɡҽΪβˣҽĸҪҽзһ㣬ǱҪһְĻҽе׵۳еһ⣬۾룬ĳܲӦ
˼ЦǺǵ˵
ʱ䣬һֱ˼ҽδ
зⱾε֮һ
˵ҽеĵλԵЩΡϾҽĵУͨ˵Ĳʹһְҵ
Ҫ󲿷ְգĵ·ͨĲ֢ѾԶžһЩССʹȫƾΪȻȻĻָҪκεĳҩ֮ģһϣֱӾô󲿷ִʧҵĵ·
棬׵۳Ѿܺõ֤һ㡣
֮еİգǻûĺֻͯҪΪʿһСʹѾȫʧ١
߶ûУҽδС
ҽҪȥ
Щ⣬˼Щһֱ˼⡣
ԼȰһְҵʹʧµĳ֮СˮûУôʧˡ
һ㣬Բ룬һ㶼롣
ڵõе룬ţδزһλᡣ
˼Ʊһ˼ɫ䶼Ǹˡ
У˼Ҳ˵Լҽĵǡ
Դˣ΢Ц˵ϣ֪ʦûй˽⡣
ʦ
˼׵ͷ˵˵󲿷ʦoͽȡoͨרƸõ֮
o֮ıʣְټɡʵ򣬾ܹʹеսʿ
ʦܲҪǷ׳ɲʲôȡΪ
ϣʦβˣõҽ֮УΪʲôԿҽԼĶطͨҪ֪ڸ֮ͨУܹβ˵ģܼԽǱøǿ󣬻ΪãδزܳΪµҽ
л˵֪ڲѧеҽҴСѾҽֻͨЩҽͨΪȱ޷׳Ρ֮ܽơҽҵǰԵ޿ɹ
ӰټңҽͬǿСһѧ˵ҽʦԱȵҽʢɱֶΣҽͬβ˵ֶΡǾҽ䡣ҽʲôҽҴеĸͼ֮һ۳һҽ䣬Ȼҽϣ۳ҽͨ
磬ҽͨľ괺
һͨ޸Ѫ⣬ǰ׹ֱŲ˼ЧѪ˿ڣϡɹͷӣڿľ괺£ܿٳѪ⣬ָ֪Ƕôǿ
ҽͨƻľ
ͨڽ֫ױȵĹЧȫûжʱһģһʵޱȣսϣ֫ѵѰȵս󣬺ܶ඼ȥƻľͲһӵɼ򵥡ʮ档
۾Լǡʱ䣬Ҳ˼Щ⣬κһҽͨͿԴġҪ˼档
˼ҲǴΪͬ
Щ꣬ѾоԼĵҽֻҪܲ׳չΪ綼˶


1548 ¥ĵ
ܹǰ׵۳֮еҽѧ伮ҽˣ˵пҽ½Ǳøǿ˼棬õķʽ֮һҪ֪ܶͨ뵽ҽ֮С
磬ҷеĵЩʵǽҽҵͨķ
ˣֲʹ֢״ʵⶼǴҽͨеõһƤëǰ˵ķˮˣʵַҽҴеĶʧЩҷȳΪҽѧеףɿơȴ֪ҽҴȣֱƤëеƤë
ڣ˼ȫԽЩƵӦҽͨЧҪӵǿ档棬ȻҲҪŬС
ҵõһҽҴУҽͨͨͬҪϣҪҩģϱԴ֮УӦı仯ҩģ
˼Ҳ˵һ仰
ҽ֮ͨҪҩĸЧȻһɹͲҪķҩģҪҪͨƷףǾҪҩУͨʩչĻ̺ͨҩĶҩԡʮءȻʩչͨҪķҩ
Ʒ
ҽܷǽضǧţͬУҽʿԼٴڴսУսʤ𵽾޴á
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սУһȺҽʿͬʱԾнʿʩչƣЧǺεȾˣȫǵ߸Եġһô򶼴һ˾ˡ֪߶ԱȣǺεȵĲࡣ
οҽʿɲûзֶΡ
Ҫ֪ҽǲּҵġ
ȻЩǺ󻰣ֻһ㣬ǾǣֻҪ˼ԸǰףףǴ׵۳ͻȫ֧ҽС
¥μȻ۾ǰ콫¥еĵ˷ʢһƲˣƾɳԲ꣬ôҲ˷һϯʳ
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Ͼ¥УвٵĶͲţЩͲţвǲ˵ƢԿɶǷǱѰҪһ׵顣
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ܿˣÿһϵʶʮֵĲȻͬһȥܸܵһɶصʣ׿ǵİݼȻѾ֪еݡ
ܿˣֱһӣһӡһɫһӡһλһʿһλһƤĿӣһ뺷֮ӡ
λû֮߳Աġ
Ŀһɨһ˿ֻһۣҲѾ㹻һЩжϡȡһЩѶϢ
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˭ֻ˲֪˲ǧŵһӢ֮һĹ£֪жٰ汾
˵ҹ˵ꡣ
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괴ҾξͷһδδսġҾųơݣ°СɽףҾѡʾҾԾ塣
˸ξλж⡣
ұ֮ǧš
Ҳû뵽￴˵еɡҲɰ̾عȻǸһݺôľϲ
ԭ
׵ͷ¶һĨЦݡ
ȴûͣ٣ܵһλһ̿ͣңֵܴɱʱ԰ɱ֮ɱɱСһŭʬǧƥһŭѪ岽Ĵɱǰɱɱһúɱ֮º
Ҳ֮ʷϣҲ¹Ũīزʵһʡڴ֮̿Уһ࣬˵ǰɱʵǿɱƾʵǿɱ㡣
嵨˾塣
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Ҳ˵ȷʵǴ̿ͽеһ⣬Բ֮ģڴ̿͵ݣһ㶼û⣬ʲô̫ķɵô
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һըԵļ⣬׽޾չֳһۿͲĸϵεѹ̲סҪһ˿Ϣƺڣܵ޺Ѫȴڡ
ȭ鹫ӡ
ԺʶĸֳһӰѾ²˭һ𶥼սҪӵĺãչֳãͬСɡиǵһʱ˰ţܼףһλÿԽȥ
Ǹλãһ˻ˡ
ڴУ˵ȱһʵǿִߡԡȭ壬һսǿ۳巽ޣѹ˵ͽˡ
һλ֪۾ܷ³˭Ц˵

Ҳϸǰһӡ
òѾ꣬һ۴ϣһֳ֮ңһص֮ڿ󣬲һ˿Ī׽øСɫ䣬ִţҲӡ̡˫۾Ƿ·ܶϤһУֱġ
ˣһ۾ܿǷˡ
Ժпһ˼ݽƲ⡣


1549 
ңˣԵݴ磬УƺλǷɶ̬ȣʮֲ֪ͬͨˡ
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Щռ˶Ķ˲ţǾһֵ԰飬ȻЩռԼϵƣվøߣȻĸԶ
ձ˲֪ѶϢȻӦʱ䣬ȷѡ
֪ȾȻҪһ㡣
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ٲȥµĲܣȴӹɵġ
Ҷû֮𣬾£߳Աġ
еȻһЦҿؼ䣬Ψʳɹôһʢʳɲܽ乼ˣǿɾĪ
ҲѰˣô˵ҲȻһ߳ԣһģԸԵһЩ˽⡣
ƹѲ
ϵʳҲԵĲࡣ
ŷ¿ӣ˵ҹĿģţԴҵǻۣҲͲµĺһҪٴη롣ϣܼҴףһôױøǿλ룬Ǵףؽ绢
һϤҲԥ룬Ĳ˵Ƚ׵ֱչ¶
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ЩǶûвڴϣھЩڴ׵Ĺߣʩڣ˭ûдп˵ˡ
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־ƷƣƷƣ룬κ־֮ʿǶһĪջ󣬲˭Ļᣬң׼ϡֻҪвܣ綼ܳͷлϸ̨ףһܹǳչ¶ŻԺ޼ɵķӳ̨ܵ
ؼ䣬ûȴ׸ʺǡ
һ㣬ԽԴԽ˽⣬жԴ׵ڴ֮ģԽԽŨԽԽǿҡƶȣ֪Ҫ߳ٱؼǣʩȥܹ
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ҲһЦݼ
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ܵ̽ٺò
ǧ˲ţǷ̫ࡣ
ԸΪ۾С
Ҳ˵
˸ųȵĿ⡣Ϊһ̿ͣȴΪԼֻһ̿͡ҲϣԼ԰աͶףǰδе˳飬ֻҪһ뵽ڵѪҺȻȻʼڡ
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ֻ̧ۿУ¶һĨ΢Ц˵۾ĳһѣʼ޷ý⣬֪۾ܷ𰸡
䣬Ŀֱӿе۾ĿһƬƽκƺ󺣡


1550 
ֱԣֻҪܻشģȻһжû⡣
׵ͷ˵
ʲôˣĶ˲ţ֮ţҪ۷һ׵顣ǼףʵУееĹҪ㣬ɨħսѹҹ˳ؼһ˳
ɣǧǵİô׾ٵľѡͶס
ʲôͲŵ롣
ûһ˹㿴Ƿô׵ľʹӦȫǲܵ顣֮ţЩǸģԼ۾ȥȥܡ
ԣжµĻһ㶼ûио⡣
ԣҪò֪۾Ϊ仰ν⡣
»˵
仰һģȴһȻ
ɸͫһɫ΢΢һ䡣
仰ʷϣνǹᴩõһ仰سΪһ仰ֻѡȥɣ仰ʵ֡νĪУʵһ仰ҪòԴˣȻид
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ƽ³һ
ǰʱľеʲôϣľǴģ˵ĻǴģҲǶԵġһƥ¹ʵҪ˵пڶʲô
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ˣҪгϵ
Լ˵ûУǸͲΪһϸĵ
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дΪԼһˣԶ᷸ԸеĺԸԡ
ھҪòһ塣
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ЩҹаħиֶֹΣαװֶΣǳ뻯ǱģңǿߣڰндɱѾвǿڴɱ֮СؼǣЩаħֶΣΪһɱ漴ߣ١ҪѰȴҲκͷ
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һ¥ϿգȻԿһߴϴſ֮ӣŭɨܣλϣȻܿһ۵İ׵㣬ƺոձĳֿµйȴûƿƿˣȴûˡ
˿ڸոϵġ
Ϊϣܿһ˿Ѫ΢ɲ졣
ϣȫɢһɿ֮ʱ˶ɡ
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пѾ³ݡ
ǿȫɢϢݳǿߵϢϸ̺һ޵еơţԼսʤһУ޵С
ǵģ޵СԴ湦ǿƥһŶ幦ͬУ֮ƥС
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޵УԴʮǿǰ֮Ϊʮǿߡ
ʮǿǵǹꪣȭƣȣצָ
Ʒֱһ޶
ǹǹ

ꪣ

ȭɽȭ
ƣ
ȣǿȾ
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ʮצ׹צ
ÿһţǶսЩս޵УܽǷӵ¡չֳ˼ΰ󣬵õؼӳ֣ɱ䣬ųս
Щ죬ڳеڴɱʮֹ죬ԷûڲУͻȻ֣ɱɱǰףÿδɱһɴɱ󣬱ɱߣֱȼգΪһ𡣡
˵


1551 򵥴ֱ
ȼ󣬼ûа취Ϩǵʱɱûг䣬ҲҪ·ճɻҽΪУִɱֶΣֲ˷ʤҪиǿУ£Ѿֻţɢҡ
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ڰеδ֪ڣǲշ־ԴͷֻҪҵܹԵӦһУһУɡ
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޵пأҲ׵ͷ˵Ȼ֮ǰѾʶ˴˼仹Щġ
һźѵֵʵҲûа취ƺô
һڻ
ֻһһʨڳУǽɫͷ­˵ףëǽɫ·һŻ㣬˿ܵĸܵһ֮
ʨ̳ˣʨ̫ӡһ֮ӡ̡
˿̣Ҳһŭݡ
ʱ䣬ڴɱģɲҪ˵ŭȻһۿ۶ûС
ץЩĪӣץˣХ첻Ǵ⽴һߴӳ֣׸ߣͼ£ɢҰϢ˭Ҫ塣
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콾Х졣
һ취Щ̿ҳҪҲеľĶᱻҡɵΣʵ̫ԣҹǴҪҪģǱȽɾһ仰밴ڣ仰ҿʮȷڲȣӦҹԴԴϵϮ
һƯķ·˵˸ų֡콾һѩ覵ɢʥĹâ˿̲סƯ˷ָȴƫƫǸˡܶ˿󣬶һƬ
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޵п˵ɫʮš
ʮǿһѧڣÿһŶǰԵסҡԲڽָУǷԵɱ䡣ӵĿǿ
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ԭǾ¥֮
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ʵν൱ǿ
һȻڴ׵۳ģЧҵУһ㣬úܶ˶ǴһϾ˵Щ̫˼飬Ժܶ¥ʿ˵Ϣֱϵڱ
׵۳ǾȻܹײϵֱð̡ĺôֱ޷ģ뿪սһصףǣĴǶζβ顣
۾֣ҳȺںڰеĳ󡣡
ʨ̫ӿ
Ȼеĳ֣Ǵµϣٲ˵ģҪҳȺ̿ͣпֻ򵥲顣
ͬȤ
׵ͷ漴ɨӷǣָȻ³һڷеҹаħų貹â
£ʱһεȻȻĳؼ䣬ۿɼٶȣ˲Ϣͽǳ׸ڡ
ˢˢˢ
һɲǼ䣬ͿУͻȻ˸ҫ۵⣬ǹâ·ҵĻһ㣬ǰ컹ǺҹۡҪѡ
Ǳߡ
ҲС
̫˼ˡЩаħĶΣ¶μԣȻѹµͨǲ˼顣˾̾
죬Χ
Բˡ
ʿʱһƬ˷ܡ׷׷ź


1552 ջ
һ



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ȴвðУЩ죬һǿ߽ӶУеʿ޲Ǻ޲õǵ⣬ǵѪԥһʱͽ̿ͳΧ
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һǵĳǽϣɫķĲֱ֣Ϊһ磬ٽսڡĳ֣սڳױһƬ硣粻ƣ˭뿪
ҹ̿ôĵ㹻ڣҹһ壬˿©ѹֿڳɱȴ¶˿ĺۼҹĵ̣ȷʵеҪǿ󡣡
пһ̿ͣ¶һĨ
֮׵Уû뵽㾹ȻڷУû㣬ȺҪҳǵټǾǳ˵ΡǰܸģǷǣ׵ۡ
ʱֻһ
ϸȥֻǾ̿Уһ³һŻϵĺſʼɢ¶Ŀ
У
ڿһɲǡ
У֪ʿһͫھУֳױȵľޣж¶һֳԡ
һŮˡ
һǣңޱߵŮˡϵһַԹ̬Ĺɣÿһ緢˿ÿһ缡ȫ£ûһݳױȵȻ˾ޣ˲Ծľͽеȫϡ
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ڴ֮䣬ܸ˴޷ܣܹ˳׵׵ĳٽȥûܹǵβһ塣
֪ǿߣΪħ֣ɱѪɺӵĵزսʤִ˵ǲʤö١
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ǰһλԾħеǿߣ¶ʱǿȻ֮Ѿǣոʨ̫ӵĺûκáʿǽĿħϡеĳ֮ɫԽԽŨƺҪװݵȹס
ܸܵεĳ谮֮ԴԴϵĳħ۹ȥÿʱỵ̈ϵɱ䣬˸ӵľޡ
ԤҪ˶ã˶Ϊķ²ݵʯȹ¡
׵ۣô
ħУ¶һĨȻЦݣһЦ·ؼ䣬ٻʢһãи֡Ŀ

û˵ֻƽĿħУƺ˿ĳԡ
Ȼ֮ǿ󣬶к£Ȼ֮޷꣬ÿʱÿ̶аڻصϴ顣겻аϮ
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˲Уܿ޵ǣУֳ˿˿ԡ
˵𡣡
ħ޶ԣ漴Ϳǣһĺ

һĴӿзһϿջصһ˫˫۾ȫħϣȫ޷԰Ρ
·Կܵħ
ǾãǴ·ǲ·ħЦѯʵ

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ֺ󣬶ʱ걦ų貵İ׹⣬ʥࡣ
УȻֳй٣дݣӵȵȣһȻ֣ٴοʼ쳹ǣһתʿȫڡ
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ħȻ£ոҸоȫܿƣ·ɼҪǳսϣ׾ңɱ
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1553 
ոҶоЩܿƣħȻֱ֮ǿ£һʱȥҶ޷ѣͨʿԣӰ죬ʵ̫ˡħԲ
޵Ҳɫص˵
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Բ
ȥǶԣһ޷Ĩĳ衣
۾ħĴڣҪȻսϣɵΣʵ̫󡣿Ȼ¿˵
ӵģഫУ槼󱻷²Ҫնʾʱֿ޷̧еĶͷûа취ɱģεȻ󣬾ͿӰؼųɵ顣Ҫ˵ɱħǼᶨʿ⣬ʿ²֡׿
ڲ֪УٴȻܵӰ죬ʧǡ
Ҳ°ħȻ̫֮¡
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ܿʿеĿ⣬һ־ηɫ
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ûеǰΣ˭֪Դ̿ʱ޿̵壬˭ĵûһɵġڴ̿ͱץһɨաɸУǴδйġ
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硣
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ǳ߿Դľߣ;޴ޱȣǧɸߣ·Ȼٶȴһ㲻ߵĴӵ£·еĸߡ
𣡻һУȫҪ
ɱɱɱ
ˣ˭ɱˣǾҪĴۣ˵ϢǾʧģȫҪ𡣡
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Ŀãͫ΢΢һ˵
᪴ߣֱ֮ΪͷߣҲǾøʢĻħޡ֮ľǻңƻһУһСǱڻңΪͷ­Խ࣬ʶɢѣһͻԽԽǿҡǵͷ­иָȻͬ˵츳ͨ
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еĵ伮пһƪءħһʮֿ£̣Ȼ֮սȣһ츳ǾǣƾȻ֮ڳʱ;һޣһǿǩԼʵϣԼһȻ󡣡
ȻԶᱻѣ˵ءһѡǾһӵĻ飬ֵεͬ顣԰Լһ·ǰСȻ󣬱֮ΪħԼ
ԼǩޣǱ˶һڣǣֱһΡԭȵޡѡϣħһ壬ޱȡģԲѡԶûУҲѡ񡣡
᪴ߣӦǸոħԼıޣħʧˡ
һ˵
൱µ顣
᪴ߣÿһͷζţʵֱͻһ磬߿ͷǾ߽סһ裬߽У˭֪ܱôµʵ
ЩȺɱ
֣壬ȫɱ⡣
޵ǣ´
ڳǽϵսʿͬԲЩ߿ǽɱУһˣǶһ
¡¡
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ͶʯڷͶųȥģʯͷǴħйսʣֻҪҳȥ˲սըܱ򣬻ΪһƬһ𺣡һУޱȡ
˿̣ܿһöö𣬷·ǰ⡣
ҵĺһƬƬ𺣿γɡ


1554 ɽ
𣡣
ͷзĲҽУϷȻ죬ճɻҽɼİԵͶʯ֮£Ѹٸս
ȺȴͬӦֶΡ
ܿжͷſͷ­һɹɺɫĴˮϣҵĹ𣬲кɫˮգΪڡˮУܵһ־˵ı
ˮЩͷ߹ȻѰ࣬츳̫ǿÿһͷ­һ츳ͨľˮ׷һſͷ­о츳ͨʮֵǿ£˵ͷһɱͷ­л飬Щ飬ǶͷһڡԲֱͬӦϱԴͨƷ׵Խɱ䵽߲Ρ
ĿãͿ˵
Ƕͷʮһԣ̺ıԴ֮ԺϱԴͨƷסκεҩҪĸӵ档
ҪɱǣҲô׵ġҲƷֵ֮ġǿĶͷߣȻƷʾԽߡ
ܿȻһЩͷߺɱǷն漴ͻᱻƬˮ𣬲ûսɳϵ˺
ͷǰ̣ԴԴϵĳŷǿ
ɱɱɱ
ʿ˵ͷߵǿϱԴͨøǿ󣬷׷¶˷֮ɫǿûκ˻᲻롣һֽݾȻ˭
ɱ
ɱͷߣȡ顣
ʿڻɱһͷͷߺֶδսϽʬȡϳǽȻпͷͷ­УȻҵö飬һöɫһöɫֱˮ֮֮顣պлԵϣԥĽö֮ȥ
һȥܿڵϢ˲䱩ǣεĻ֮ϴɢݶ¶ȵ˱øߡ
һ𡪡ȭ
ֻһֻ޴ȭͷƾճ֣ȭͷϣܿҰҽʣɢҵϢϢʮֵĴ̱ǣܣܿһǲϱ·ұ䡣ʮɾ޴һ֣ͷ·Ҿ˵ȭһ㡣
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һȭȺУʱͷ߱ҵȼ˲գǵըֲƻƬڡٶͷ
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ʿ۾׷ȫڷ⡣˷֮ɫ
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̫ˣֵǣɱѽЩͷ߶Ǳ
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۾ΪеĸսʿΡ
վߣѯʵ
ʵУȴûͳһĵ䣬;ֹУ·̫ңֻͳҾս裬д룬˿ԴҡȥΪЩ⣬޿ޣҴ׵۳УҲǾֵôȻȽص׺󣬿ڸԴ£Ϊ綼ʱֻԣԷеսʿҪֵЩȺĳ²ףʧءܾ޴ش
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һ֮ǿ赲ˮĳĻУľ޴
ʨôȻһȼ֮һܳΪе壬ÿһ򵥡Ŀãһ˿


1555 ߽ٲ
ηһֱͨ
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ݴ˵ηͨҲƷֵ֮ġ
ڻƽʱһʩչηһɵ˺κͨη⻷ֱӻᱻ⻷ס
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ڣʨ̫ӵηͨƷףҲֻﵽ۷壬ܹɵ˺ؽףѾ֮ңһ֮ңҪͻƣͬô׵顣
пܣǧ궼δܹɱ
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ǷȱģֻʱԴѣֻҪʱ䣬ͿԿٳɳʱעһƽʢ콾̨
ʨ̫ӵǰ棬ʱеʿ׷ǿͨĳųⷢ𹥻һƬһƬĶͷߵں֮¡
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һȥݺᣬ˲Ϣ䣬սȻһ޴ѷ졣ѷУ⡣ѣٴλΪ޶նɱܱߵĶͷߡ
޶ֱϬޱȣһ£ң˿ɵûκ赲ݺᣬ޵С
һȥһſͷ­ȻǶͷ;ǿķҲ޷赲ױնͷ­˲
ʮǿ1
ʮǿ
޵УʮǿķӳǷӳԶ޵
ǹꪣȭÿһкصսϣ˲ɾ˵ƻ
ֶɢֻǧ޵е츳Ȼǿ˾޵ĵز٣߽ѾԶһﵽ߽⣬Уһ˿ԡؼ䳤档
Ŀã¶һ˿֮ɫ
κﵽ߽׵ĲΣᷢ˵ɱ䣬Ǿǻ̺Ųԡ£һȥɱĿȻɢؼ䣬ջΪУɴﵽ߽٣еĲ֮⣬ؼ䳤棬ֻҪԸ⣬Գޱʱ䡣
磬߽ٵ⣬һɽ壬ɽѷУ⽫ǧ겻ɢ겻𡣳ʱĥͬ־ĥ£Żɢʧ
ȻҪ߽٣ףҲյһΡɹͻ
ɱ
޵еĳ֣ʱսϵսʿһʿǣһŭٴηĳųⷢ𹥻
Щ˵ʵ򣬲Źȥ̶̼ѣƬ̶սѾ׽ȻС
ÿʱỵ̈Σ١
𣡣
˿ֻ̣ܿ߿ͷ­ľͷѾڷ⣬ʨ̫ĶǽһƬ񱩡ͻȻ䣬βһ˦ڵβ·һɽֱӳڽɫǽϡ
飡
ǽϱҺզⰵʨ̫Ӹ̲ס𣬵ȴûбơ
ȴ˿û˸оֹۡ
ܿӳȥһڶǣѾĽƵʼ죬ңһһҪӵĳذԵ
ۣ
Ϳʨ̫ſһѪɫǽ˲ɢ˴ƣһɾ޴£Ӳզǽײ£ǽƺдİ
ɽˡ
ͷߣͬһײС
۾ѹаħ
ʨ̫췢һź
Ծͷߣоǵס̫Ե̫ǿ
ȫܳܵļޡ
ñ۳֣Ҵ׵ľѾˡ
ƽĿա
У֪ʱѾһž޴ƣѹѹģƺһĪѹָС
쿴ʲô
սǣôսǣôһֻ׹ڤѻǣѻǡ
׵۵İѻǣǴ׵۳ľӸϹˡ
ʿ̧ͷ֮£еƿʼɢһ޴սǳǰһ޴ڤѻڱϵľ޳ǡǾ޴ӰӣܸױȵѹǽϣܿսףʿĽʿĶУǿһۣܸܵѹ
һɲǼ䣬ܶ˶о


1556 ׾
ʲôľʲôƾ
ǰûа취֣ɴ˿ֻ̣Ҫһۿȥ֪һţȣȫһ죬һڵأûκοɱԡʵ̫ˡ
Ǵ׵ľŽʿôȻ˾̾
Ҳ¶֮ɫ
ѵҾڼϣҪ˵ȴ׵Ҫѷɫ٣磬Ҳֻǲ֮ѣĲ࣬ΪϣĬϡվһ𣬸Ҫκοľٶ໥֮䣬һ塣
ԵģͲһսʿ
ⲻҪ˵ĬҪĹս໥ںϡ
ټϣЩսʿÿһϴݳѾﵽͼ۷ĲΡ뷨ླ֮ңʱпͻơ
ȫͼ⻹ֻһȺͨʿǶô˼ľӡ
ƣΪе
еһУͨͨѹ
¥еʿĿú𺳵ͬʱҲӿֳ޾ϲǼף֧ţȫ˵ԼˡȻԼˣȻӿֳ޾Ժ
μ۾۾
Уһ
뿪ѻʱѾ֪ͨѻںţӲҪ˵ֱӾʹһ¥ʿسУȻ̵ʱڣѾ׷Ϲִǡ
۾
ʿ׷׷ź
ͬ硣ֻһлص
ȫսȫ֡
׵ͷֱӿ˵
ǣ۾
׵ͷӦ
ʿ󹥻սȺ׼ͷߡס
ԥĿ´
´ʿûκγɡڵһʱӦһ׼սսϣҡʱ׼䡣Уװܹϵķ𹥻
Ŀ꣬Ⱥɹ䣡
һս
ಣ
ûκγɣ´нʿڵһʱ۶һ籩㳯ܼȺйȥһɲǼ䣬춼ˡܼļǡաÿһų貵⡣
˺գ硣
սϣʩչͲҪκ׼ͷϹӣȥĿ꣬ܿ籩ĺЩͷϣֱģӲ̺һ¾ͽըһ󶴡ڵЩͷ߲ǵǵشͷ­ģһſͷһ
Ŀ£͸ͷ߷ĸͨǿж
ͬʱһܼܴʼһ޴˸ź⡣Ǿ͵󣬷Ŵ󣬶ȻǷŴħ
ûκγɣдֱͷߡһħȻϡ
漴ƿշɳΪһ貵ĺڰɫ⣬Բ˼ٶȣһţޱȿ񱩵̬˲޴ľͷǰȫ¸Ҫȥ
飡
һҵĺУֻЩ޴ħѾھͷϡֲĶ˺ͷߵķ̽ڡңһ룬׷ųڰ⣬һֿ񱩵ڼбԽԽ񱩣ͺڼ໥ļͻȻ䱻ƽ⡣˿ֲļҷӦֱӾһ˲䳹ը
µ֮һ¾ͽͷ߸ڡ޾ĺڰ⣬׽ͷ߰ڡһɲǼ䣬ױͬĩһ㣬ء
ţǴں׳սȥ
ױɵ֮øӵĿ񱩿£Ȼ˲䱩ǡ
У
һ˵ʵʱ䲻˲Ϣ֮䣬Ӵֿʼս·һӷ췭ظתܼȺƬƬĵ£߽׵ľ޾ͷ߶𣬾֮СܴһĲҽŭ
ƺͷ߻ҪѳȴԴԴϵףħǿѹ
⻭棬ڷеĸʿ˵𺳣޷ġ
ǿЩȺɱȻȺжǿɾȴһ£ͱʿӲѹȥ
ֶԱĳεǿҡ
ǿǿ˾壬׵۳Ѿǿֵزôսʿӵ۷սЩ̫ˡһȥ
׵۳Ȼؼһ˳սϣȷʵʮֿ£ûпǿսȻԽһ߽׵Ӳѹ߽װǿ൱龳ǿڡ
һȺֻ׵ĽʿսеȴԽ߽ǿѹǺεȵĿ¡޷Ű
Ҫܼ׵۳ǸöãΪ׵İգԺ󣬿϶ܹӵи̨Ϊǿߡ
ãѣҹͬĵˣҪȻĲҪԴ׵۳ĹһΪˣֱһجΡ
ʿ̲סһʨ̫ǣһ嵽ȷʵ𺳡ڴ׵۳еӣڷӡԽԽء
ѹ
˿̣Ҳʼ˶ֱ³һ
εսϡ
Ķͷ߷׷ױһɾ޴ѹƣſڵϣ޷

㣡
ֻһ޴ĿռųսϿաһͷǿȡſռ˽ȥ
ͷ߿Ǻöڵ飬ȴ󲿷鵤ҩҪ档
ЩͷǲɶõıֻҪǴܣȫԶڽոȡ飬Щ飬ڴеʿо޴ջܹʱڣǿʵϱǿʵž޴á
Ժпһͷ
֪úѾȦͷߵͷ
Ȧĵطɲȱ٣磬ڴ׾ڵƽУκһ㣬Ȧÿһƽ綼ǶģõĶͷ߻ᷢңƻʲôġӲҪ˵ںУ͸ӵİȫɷܣв
ȫԳΪ׵һزױȵ档
һĻһ˿ɫȻѾϤе˼㡣ȴûпڶ˵䣬飬Ǻ¡
οпȦͷߣеŵĻͬȦֻܲѹƵסǾһ⡣
ͷǳƻԣԵġͷ­Խ࣬ԽǻңûǿԡɵƻȻ֪óȻȦֻҡ
ڿսϡ
ڰɫ֮⽥ɢ
֮֮ǰ֮ǵ¶
ܿǾͷ߾޴ȻڵϣƬ裬飬Ѫģ߿ͷ­ǲҲ̶ãǧٿû


1557 һ
𡣡
˵ͷʮѲΪǿֻҪͷ­һŲǾͲնϵͷ­ٴγָһѲڿͷ­ϣȻЩҲ̶ãûбնϡ
ѵոô˵ĹȻûа취׻ɱֻͷôҸоով߽ײε龳ǿȥҲᱻɱͷѵĹ»Ҳ̫ǿˡ
еʿĿãͫ׷׾¶һ֮ɫҪˣǾͷһĿ֮ҪһΡ
ˣڣĲϢѾȫʧȻûбݻ٣ڵȴ֮³𣬽顣ˣû飬Ҳˡ
ȴƶ˵
ĸ֪ѾĸоͷڵϢȫʧ
֮УǶɾ޴˺Զɲֲˣǽ˺Ƭʮֿ¡
Խǿ࣬ʾԽӵͷߵ⣬ӦÿԳƵһѵõļƷʳģҵһ֣úƷһ¡
еȻһЦǾ޴ľͷ壬ĲĿֲһѼƷʳġ
۾ҪҪƷ⿵ʳҪȴãھ¥омĴ⿳ʳԷʳ֮⡣֮ǰ۾ھ¥УΪǼʨ̫ӣ޵ȥæʳŻûпѾȫص¥һ¾ͿΪ۾⿳ʳ
ؿٿ˵
ڳ棬ȻҲʮֿأѼüλÿһλѵõĶ֡
Ŷ֪ļλʱҪúʶһ¡
Ҳ¶Ȥ֮ɫ
ɣɺ裬ֹлʦ
Ҳûֱӿ˵
ȻǣÿƷһǵա
۾һҲ̲סһĭ⼸λлСеĶʦңշǷǧжŵľ
лʦ㣬ɺ棬ĶϡЩڳУӱӵһϯ֮أʱ˾ϲı仯
ĳʦټ϶ļƷʳģѾʼڴ⿳ʲôĶʳ
һõ۾ʧġ
Ц˵ɫżǿš
л۾ȻһսʤֻҷҲʧءشʨ̫ǰл
ɫ䣬ųϿҡ
Ǿͷ̫ǿȺͣҪֵһ£һҲ⾪ϲĳĿô׵۳Ͼдףһ¡
޵Ҳͷ˵
ˡҴ⡣ħսϣǻӵйͬĵˡеȻһЦҴ׽ʿڴɨսͷߵ鹦ЧǷλɱȺ࣬һ£ո飬ֳһ룬ǡһ룬ڷǽʿġ
һ룬Ҫ˵֪Ѿȫڴ׽ʿСǴ׵սƷ
۾ˣΣҪǴ׽ʿֻ֣¸޷ȡսҪ˵սϵսƷȫڴҲδɡ
Ц˵
Ȼ˵ȴûľܾ
һж٣Ǿһʮ־˵֣˶飬Ҫǵʵڼ̵ʱڣһڡһ̨סĺôΣ޷ܾȻڴһֶû
ȻѾĬϡ
ϾһսǴ״ġ
һôҲ޻˵
һ̸޵Ҳ뿪ʼŽˣɨսĹʮѸ٣ǶͷߵʬûзŹ꣬ڰ׹ڤѻǰϱɣԴԴϵռǷԣƷƷʷֱšĻЧĽ֡
ȽҲԿٷֳһǡ
أ¥еʿмϡѻѾִ¥ֱǨƵѻСЩˣ˽֮󣬻š
ҾذѻǣڽѻǺҾʽţңǲʿȱʧʿﵽʮ򡣸־еһʱ䷢šֻнʿΪʱ򣬻һʱ䣬ѵ
м˵
϶¶һĨϲҪѵûʲôĿù׸ŵǿսѾ
ԼԭȵҾʵκһ֧ȣǶûκοɱԡһսȻᱻѹϾΪϵĲ֮࣬һĹսװеʵҪأڽѻǣǼΪбҪ顣
ΪҪҪ뵽׾֮С
ŷԸȥ
ʱͿҾѾһʱ俪ʼǰѻǣѻȻǳŴ򿪣ӭӽȥҾĵǻӭ֮ҵˣɵͷǿѾãȻĳܼ棬һϲ¡
Ȼонʿǰ
Ȼٴھս
Ǵ¥ʿϰѻǡ̤ȥʱÿһ϶¶Ե˷뿪ġ
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ŰѻǲԶȥӰǽϵ޵е϶¶һ˿̾
׵۳нʿǿߣƾѻܹƶħսϣռϵľơ
̾˸
ǰһΣ¥˳ߣɵҾҲˣǷеǼһС룬ӣ²̫ܡոջȡ飬뾡ȫΪսϣǿֲͨһεȱʧ
޵Ҳ˵
¥뿪ߵɲʲôС֮ǰսϣҲм뿪ȴû˭ܹ赲ϾǴ׵Ҫعף˭ˡ

ڰѻС
нµ˽ܸ󣬾˽⣬ԼŮһѻǵ㳡Ǹ޴İ׹Ǿϡ
棬ͼ·һƬ嫵ıٲһǧٹ֣һۿȥ۾Ҫʵʤ
ȻǰѻеĶһ嵥
׹ڤѻһıжһ
Щսϣ׵۳ȡɲЩǶһ׹ڤѻ屦ĸ
ǶһĵطôЩһ˶ꡣ
ǿ׹Ǿѯʵ
սϣ׹ڤѻԼɱҹаħһǣһǡȻһռ׹Ǿϡǿ
Ц˵


1558 걦
һٰʮڷݡ
ǽսϣбɱҹаħȻ֣ҪԶ֮ϣϾո꣬Ҫָ׹ڤѻһ룬ֻеһ룬֣Ҫٷһ
һٰʮڣǺεӴһ֡
ƣûκãȻҪֶһ챦Ը״޴仯ıֻ˷Ѷѡ
֮ǰоѾҪһ
ֻǣһֱָ顣ûüжһڸպʱ䡣Ȼܴһᵢʲô顣
οħսŮ֮ҲûкúõŮ˵ִ˲ƣġŮ˵ԣŮҲ⡣
ǱȽºߺ飬Ҳʲôܡ
Ҫ׹Ǿһʱ²Ҫ׹ڤѻ嵽׶ʲôıÿԿ۽硣
Ȼڴڴ
ǰͿħ⣬ڱеĸ챦Ҳۼʶʣѻеıٶ࣬Ҳܳħ⡣
׹ڤѻ컯¯Ƴֱǧٹ֣˭֪Ƴʲôȷʵ˺ڴ顣
ʲôܶС
ΪȼϣֲϣȻƳ챦ıȫǧٹֵģûκζ۵ģ챦һմȾĺ֮ʮϡ٣ûκθ֮ĳ̶ֳϣƳı˵ǳ챦֮⣬ʺϳΪһֱ
컯¯챦ҲԳ֮Ϊ걦
ܹΪϣԸȷʵǾ˫׹ڤѻһ壬ΪҲһ壬ӵ޿ɵߵλ
׵ǰӦǴҪһЩ걦
׹ڤѻʲ֪ʱƾճڰ׹ǾǰкŮͫ˸һ˿˿ҵͫ
ѻеЩ걦ۿڴѾáͲ֪ǷѾ׼㹻ıӦԱ۵ζһ
׵ͷ˵
Ǻǣ׵۷ģЩ죬гִ꣬ҹаħռսƷĵرѾƳĻ걦͵׵һ㲻ʶȥҵ۾ˣôֻܿܳԣǲˡ
׹ڤѻ˷ܵ˵
һ꣬ھǴڰ׹ǾУûжһǰҲʳǰֻܿɳԣȻһޱȼ尾顣
ڵȵҪǰһܲϲ֡
ЩƳĻ걦ڤѻ˵ֵ̫⣬Ҫ٣ֻҪвϣ꣬Ϳ׵Ƴʵ㲻ʲôȵζ
ѻмҪˡ
пŰ׹Ǿϣֱӿ˵ѻǺöڰ׹ڤѻƳĻ걦ڣҲһࡣǵؽ׻걦鱦˵鱦Ҳδɡ
ֻҪ߶Ϳͷųǧ׹ڤѻڤ֮һУѻ󣬻Ϊڤ£ػΪޱ߹⣬ǴУҲҪش
һɶõĶ걦κ鱦ѷɫⶫȻǼΪ
棬ȻԿһ۸Ҫʮڵꡣ
ʮڵ
࣡
Ҳࡣ
ںܶǿ߶ԣҪɱʮ飬£ɱȻɱδû̫ôײҵڲ
һ鱦ıʮȣֵܷȣǿ˵뿴ˡ걦鱦࣬޼Ʒͬģ鱦ֻ鱦һѷɫֻǱϵĲࡣ
ûУѻһԪƳĻ걦Ҳûа취Ƶĳ㱾Գ֣ҲһҪĲϣ꣬ǻԵȱһɡȻǶһ޶ֻһһˣԺ󣬺ܳʱ䶼ٳ֡
׹ڤѻҡҡͷ˵
ЩƳģο컯¯Ʊȫģǧٹ֣ûа취ѿؾķ
ãѻҪˡ
Ҳû⣬漴Ϳ
á
ڤѻͫƺ¶һЦ⣬漴Ϳ׹ǾϹâһӵе֮ʮڵһֻѩ׵ĳӾзɳǰܿı棬ܿصķƹСϱã·һֻֻڤѻڷ衣Уĸܵһֱ֮˳Ҫڷӡ
ĸܵѻ̺жǿһɾ˵ƻ
ѻ鱦ѷɫ˭Ҫ󣬿֮áп˿еľѻŮѯʵ
ħսȻӵеķֶԽԽá
͸СٻɡСٻΪޣһƫʮϡ˱⣬Сٻû̫һ͸ɡսϣǳҪֵʱ̡
¿һ۾ѻ󣬿˵
ǰһͽСٻˡ
úʡ
ŮҲͷʾͬ
ⱦϣ˭ûᡣãҪġ
ãǾͽСٻ
׵ͷŮǫõľٶҲǸˡŮҪġ
ҪȻŪһЩĶǵľٶǲͷʹ顣
ллллλá
СٻҲûоֱܾӽͬʱǵлԴǳϿҡ
ѻȣ۶һˡ
мڶһ
һٶڵ޼ɵĽжһ
һڵ꣬ҲǺöҲǴһԪĻ걦Ҳǵؽ׻걦ȻֻǸոտ鱦ĲΣϸһвϱǿǱ
ڤѻЦ˵
һڵ֮ʧ
һڵȳǰ
ѻܹȳֶ֮硣һȥֶָֹܸᷢǵ䣬ܵ䣬ʮֹµһ걦
һ͸ǰɡ
пһŮЦŽѻȽǡ
ԴˣŮҲûЦͬ
̫ƿؽ׻걦ʮڵꡣܹˣһƿУ̫֮ͬϣһʱ̣ȻȻᱻ⣬һΪ궼顣̫¶ãɼӿҩݳɳٶȡҩԡ
ãһҲҪˡ
ٴοһ걦֮ǿھѻ֮¡ȻûԥһΣ¡걦ϡ
ڤѻһ۸һꡣ
壬һ۸ʮꡣ
ذףһ۸ʮꡣ
Ѫ«һ۸һꡣ

ָĻ걦ϳǰ
ԴˣҲûйѡһ仰򣡣


1559 ħ
ңЩ걦Уȷʵкܶʮı
磬ܹߣԷëëҪԴϲܷӳãֻǣٶȻ־ͽë滹֡
һ졣
иıЬϺ󣬿Ըһϵĵһ졣ܹ֮⣬Ҳáľһ걦Ҳһ˵ϣͨȫ£һɽԴ¡
һֵ걦Կٲϵĵ䣬ͻȻýֱһܶ·ǱһԽֱ̫ʱ䣬ΪԽǿˣֱʱͻԽݣûЧ걦Ҳ൱ˡ
ҶɵѩǹƤܡѣưש굶ۼơۺըȵȣָ걦ֱֻ벻û׹Ǿûеģ컯¯ؼԽ֣ԽƳĻ걦ԶԶЩⱦĸࡣ
ȫּˡ
ư滹дšθ
Ƥϣдšѽ漣
Щжһ鴤оܵĳֱ֮ۻңҡҡ׹
оЩࡣ
Щ걦˼ġ
ǰۺƲƶǷۺɫģȥӦûϲ
ѩҲ˼ȻԻΪһѩˣʵӦòǣƽʱԶһЩȤ
ŮЩƷȴú˼²͵
ܶණǶòϣȴ͸ǣУЩ⣬Ҳǻ걦ԳΪģлΪ鱦ﵽؽס鱦ѷɫô˵ǲɶõı
ԴˣҲûж˵ʲô
һ仰򣡣
ǧɢѣħս϶ɱҹаħȻʲôˣȫõģڣôõֲʵڵġ
ף쿴ƺ˼
ʱڰ׹Ǿƺʲôָһ򿪿˵
ϸȥȻֳһ걦ѶϢ
ħӣҹѪ⾫꣬Ļ걦ħֲͬħװιﲻͬͬħͬ컯棬ƽ档
ѻʣħǲħսϣսеЩزܹӦ
һҲɿٿѯʵ
ħսϸսеЩزÿһֶ۲ޱȾ޵ĴڣЩز֧һսǵķչ׳ǿĸڡûزսǣûзչǰ;ġһ㣬սϣԶʱһ仰
ħʵǳҰ׹ڤѻһ壬ҪսǣᵽöħӣսУԸֱħҲͬкܶ壬ֱԼѪ⾫Ѫ࣬ΪħӦħѪñϳԼˣΪԼ壬ԴԴϵĵˣ֧ŸӼҵսֻǣħѪҪҪĴۿɲСȴû𡣡
ѻʿԥĽܵ
һԪսϣħѪ֧սԴԴϵֵҹش֮һҪûУսֻᷢչһû˿Ԥ֪ĵ
Ȼпܣ˭ԸģͨħѪˣΪΥ׳ڽһκҪǿߵĻᣬԶҪ͵ĶࡣȻ˵ǳΪܵļʣҪΪ龳ǵ̨ǿߣ̫谭ֻ΢Щ谭ѡ
ԣȱݣ˵ʲô̫ȱݡ
УҪʲôħҪӦԴһѿյ򣬶׶͡ЩЩֻͨͬħģյõĽȴǽȻͬġ
һ仰˵ľħӣжͶʣܻȡջ
ֹϵùϣֶö
ΨʱҪķѵԴΪӴ󣬶ںҪԴҲСĿսϣǶսϵʬйνսսսУϳɳϱǿ
һսǣҲֻܹһħҪٶ࣬ͻϿǿٶȡΪ
ԭˣû뵽ڤѻһ壬ǿĵ̡󡣡
׵ͷиֳһ˿Ȼ
ѹ֣׹ڤѻӵ˾޴İѻǣزʲôģû̫⣬ħġң϶Ѿħӵķ
ﻹ
԰ʸ
ħӣÿһö۸һڵꡣǲħӶһģʲôħǾͿԼ
ѻʹЦ˵
ħһж١
кԥѯʵ
һʮöЩܶ඼ǴһԪģҪƵĻû㹻ԴɡѻЦ˵
ʲôԴȻǶǿߵѪ⾫ڣħսǿҲ龳㲻ħӵȻûа취УģһԪŲ
ãʮöȫҪˡһɡ
⣬ıرֵ±ֻҪȫԴԴϵƸȡ֮֮ߡ
ˣħӵ۾ҪҪֵĻҪѡþλãΪһȥ޷ֲһǨƣͻԣ濼С
ѻٴκѵ
ħӶֵĵطǷǷһħս֡Ƿ֡Ҳ֮ѯʵ
κεط֣֮ԻħսΪսУ㹻ԴЩħֻҪԸ⣬κεطֺֻ󣬲ֲǡ֮⣬ûκμɻ䡣
ѻƶ˵
Ǿͺá
׵ͷʣһħӵļֵԻҪֻħսУǵ뿪սЩħǶߣȫûа취ﵽ󻯡
Դȥڴ׵۳Уڵ۹ڹƽУκεطܳΪһǿ̡ʮöӣ˵ܶʮǿزǺεȾ˵ĵ̡
Ȼֵϲ
һ
ֱȽıж⣬
ǺѻǶ֮ˣǵûҲᱻ̺Ķ֮ܶ䣬ڶʲôܶС
һ£еĴ꣬ȫһա
ģһӴˣѻɽĻ걦


1560 ¯
ǲò˵׹ڤѻһĵȷʵ൱ˣһٶڵûнڤѻһļҵ׸Ϳյڰ׹ǾϸֳĶһ嵥ʮ־ˣָңƺÿһʱ䣬嵥ᷢ仯ӡ
ףֱ
ȫһȴ׹Ǿ˸żѤ⡣
ϸȥȻԿ嵥ϡ
ػ򣬶һ۸ʮꡣ
Ѫս죬һ۸񣬰ꡣ
ȸᣬһ۸ʮꡣ
滨룬һ۸ʮꡣ

һٴγǰܶ඼Ʒ״ﵽؽ׵Ķ걦ûдﵽľҲ֮ңѣǱǷһ֪ǰ׹ڤѻһĵ̡
ѻʣôЩصЩöô֮ǰûóڰڳҪջ󱾵ۣɱҹаħΪ׬ȡꡣ
ζĿһѻʣ᲻֪ڸոնһ󣬾͸³ȫ±ԭʲôҪ벻ǲйˡ
Ե۾Щ꣬С˼ѣֻҪٴһսȻʲôˣЩ걦ǵо֮ңѪսɲݴһԪĻ걦һĸ졣ĸԲ졣ܹѪ֮ս۳սꡣػʿң۳ʲôս꣬ǿŽʿ־
ѻضнѪս졣
ֻҪԸ⣬ѪսԷѳ죬ֻ춼Ǵ¿ʼӻƽ׿ʼһɳǼġ
ǣƽһɣĵɣؽߵųɣһϡټϣս̺ԣڴ൱ľˡ
öšսҪһ
ҲǵһѾȷѪս죬Ҫõ֣սϣ⽫һǿĴɱս̫ˡ
Ҳûмȥ
û꣬ٶıҲֻţ֮⣬ûκ壬ȥȻܵ㹻꣬жһ
ӭ´
ѻһЦĻųͱ̬
۾ոռλѾΪ⿺˷ʢʳԾͷϵʳģһʢ磬֪۾ҪҪھ͹ȥƷ
ҵкŮ˵
ãҪƷһλΡ
۾ʱˣԥ˵߰ɣǻȥѾ˷㣬⼸λ˵շǷһƷһ¡
µĴǿڴĺܡ
Ц˵
УΪ֮󣬳ԵõģȫõģȻû̫󣬲ڳ棬ܵеӰ죬ҲʮֵĸȤ
ʳסУⱾ벻ļ顣
ڳ棬ŮĿζˣһʳɵòǵĳޡ

˵кŮǰȥƷʳ
ȴ˵ҹɫٴν١
ֻУмǹͻȻһս֮ϡ
ǹ£һɽУȻԿǹ£һӰƾճ֡
ģһ׷ͯյһۿȥܿĳʱǷ̴һ˵ʿԣŮޣΪﵽһ磬Ҫ뱣סղϡһ̫ѵ飬Ů޶òĿأǳԵ֮⡣
Щյפյۣܴʲô
ȴû˿Сһز©һ˿û¶·һͨһŸӵ˾ÿ¡
ˣôܻͨˡ
ΧȻԿһŮӡЩŮӵò˵ǧһΪ֮޵ĴڣֻǵϣԵЩĮǿ˵ޱ顣һɢϢԵüΪ䣬пκε
·ϣѾûдڡ
ϵϢȴʮ־ˣÿһɢ˿龳ѷɫЩҹ콾ȣҲǺѷɫÿһ˼Ϊµĸо·εΣϢÿʱÿ̶ڴڡʮֵĿֲ
Ůӣһһ
һ𣬾һ൱µ
Ǵݻһսǣ׾ٵ顣ǿ߾ۼһľЧ
ȥɣʥġֲ칦Ѿؼ׶ΣҪ¯ӿΪʵħսеŮޣõ¯ܳΪʥӵ¯⽫һңȥҴ͸ǡ
ɨŮڷһ
ȻЩҹǿߡңǰħսĿģŮޣǲ⡣
ǣ
ЩŮԥĴӦȻͿһ𣬲ȥٳԶѰȥ
ٺ٣ħıħŮսǴҪѼŮޣȥ䵱¯ǼʥӵѾ˹ؼʱ̡ǡֲ칦һʮֹĹɲ֮Եܹȡ¯һǼȡ¯ʾٽɱɳΪħ塣ʶӶֻϧħɲ¯ͷˡ
˻С£ԺĶܵƣΪħͣΪȻԼֲһʧȥңȴµɱ˱޸ħŮ⹦̫аšǲǲ𰡡
ǰħ¡˵һԪǵλɣԷ챮Ӳħɷ棬ҪܵĿ죬¼ħҪ״ݻ١ﻹнļʥӡһΣҪ֣˵ֻŪ鷳
ôʲôǼһ°֧ˡǳ鷳ãÿǴһ粻򵥣һԪͱһΣ˭֪絽׻ڶٵ̡һ׵ðѾʮͷʹЩ죬˵ӪУѾʼƶɱ׵۵ļƻֻҪɹͿնһСӪɲϣٳһһĽɡ˸޴ҲҪնɱ
ɣɣȿ֡ο϶Ҫǳ顣㲻ǣħҲôǵġ

ħսһսǡҶǡ
ڳУפ岿ǿߡܿսʿڳлָǧٹֵģлܿдеŮС
ЩԺ壬èȺŮ
оһ岿ĹΪһĹǣνޱȣĿĴڡ׼ϳǽֵҹĳ
ˢ
Ȼ򣬾ʱֻԶƿն˲Ϣʹ磬ڳУǰ
ʲôˡ
ͻȻǰŮӣһ䣬ȣ䱸
壬Ĺɣϵ¯
ߣ
ŮĿںɨţ漴ͷĻ


1561 ±
˭Ҫʲô
ĿͻȻǰŮӣбܵһǿҵĲԤУΣϢ䣬ϵԼ̺Σж
ںǳͬʱԥͷųһŷۺɫ̣ȫ£ȫס⣬·һۺɫľ޴õ壬Ѥʡ
Ļۺõ壡
ȴԲͨõ壬ɷȴǿǳܼǿĹҲӲңۺõӵзۺ̣һͻᱻۺ̴ˣң˸оܵľʹ
ǿһԣԪ񾳶ԴƣҲ޷ƿǿĵ֮һ
Ȼۺõ壬ŮȴһûУֻһһ֣Ϳһֻѩ׾Ө籦ֱӲۺõУָһץǷۺõͻΪһŷۺ̳Уǿȡȥȡ֮ڸַƺŲɿܵ
֣
Ů龳ǿʵҪȡۺõ壬ֱټ򵥲ʮɾɣеֱն
ͬʱһεĽ֮˲ںϡ䳹׽
漴һŮйâһȻһ·һķƾճ֣ϣȻֳصĹ׭塪±
򿪱ʱһȻȻĽڣţ͸оһɲɿܵϯӲűȡȥ¶ľ֣ûа취ֹΪ
ת֮䣬ͱȡȥӳʧ
˿̿ȥͻ֣ᷢڱϣһҳȻֳӰҳϣһţƺڲϵ̽Ҫɷ·뵽ĳԹþУѡ
ô£ҹаħôҶСнأŪǱȥˡ
죬Χһˣץˡ
дֱд⵨Ҳ̫ˣֱûнǷ۵ס̡̣ɱǡ
죬֪ͨ塣ǵĹˡ
ҶеʿĿãһĿɿڴ漴ӿֳ޾ŭҹаħ˾ٶûнǷ۵ס
֮ǰǲ֣Ůӵٶʵ̫ˣ쵽˸ӦѾץߣңŮӵʵҪֹҲǲܵ顣
ȴеķŭ
Ůֻɨһۣ˼ûУһֱӻΪ⣬Ҷƿնȥգۼ䣬ѾʧƺսǵĽ磬˵һöûУô׾ٵĴȥȥ硣
浱Ҷǲ߾ߡֱд
ʿüֱǻг嶯ģֱӾ׷սǣһһַŭŮʵ˾֮䣬ûκοֻܵҪԸ⣬ȫսɾ޴ƻƫƫûУֻץ˺⡣
ΪʲôҪץߺ
˿̣ҶΣϵĳħսսСòڣǵŮӣ壬䣬ǱͻȻٵŮǿץߣͽ±СΪһĻ
Уһҹ콾ĬĬעЩٶȻǵ۾Ҳͬսʿŭһַŭڲϵӣϻۣ·һ̣ͻ᳹ױһޱѹֵĴ
ʥӻǷҪ׽ǿ߸ŭĽࡣֵԽԽãٴ̽̽ĵ̡
Ҷ˽⣬ʥľٶ϶޴ŭһ¶￪Ȼἤ𹫷ߡʱ򣬾ӿɿ
һȣҹķ֮ûг׶ħսϮҪһʱӦսǵѹƻǲСģ̨ϣҪѹƣôܻᱻһȺʤǿϮġԣֻҪȴȴѹƳʧ󣬿ȫӳǵսʱǶ㷢ǿƵʱ̡
Щ죬ҹ콾ûǫ֣̂ϣҲֻһ콾ڳ³ȶǲǺ£ڵȴ
һδαϮȻеԭʲôսѹƣʵ޷ȫӡսϣȶУѹƣǲ֮ǧı仯£Щ죬ҹѾõ̨⣬ʱ̣Ҫ뿪ţȴսϵѹơǴսʱ̡
ԣڵȡ
ȵľǸĵ
ֻҪȵʲôʱ˭޷Ԥ֪
ϾǺӡһ㣬һԪѾ֪ĺʱ䣬ܳҲ̡ܶ˭˵
ˢ
ʱһǹս
ףôӡ
ҵĹԹԣ³ˣҪʲôĲѹƣҪ³ɴ鷳
ˣҪˡӾȻ
ҪˣսҪ׻ˡǸ񾭲ķӡҪţȥˣ˭֪ᷢʲô
ͻȻ䣬Щҹ콾ƺʲô˲õ飬һŵȻеǹ⣬Ȼ俪ʼƺҪԼܵزˣҲҪԼøӵĲۡ
ϸȥ
ȫΪ֮ǰǵǹɵġ
ǹɢȥԿһɫۣһִȱݵߣһȣϱһֻ·ҩ¨һ
·һҩũҩʦ׼ɽҩһ
üĿģ׽
Ϥζħսʵ̫ˣѾһĴҩڵҵոкܶ಻Ĵҩȡ
һ˵ɫ䣬ʮֵ
ոҩ鵤õļڡ
߸̾ܣֱӳһȥ
ħ𰡣ӾȻֳˡ˵걻ѹɱΪʲô
ħǿǵҲ֡콾ɡҹ콾˴ҩһӡȫûǡȫ׽˵ĵһǡ
ħ𰡣˵֤ǿߣң֤ǿߣѱɱһܣĴܣʵ׽ħսĹ򣬶޷ֹ
ҹ콾ޱȼɵĿ⿴ߡ
Ση֡±ϡ
ֻһǰÿһ·سɴ㣬׾ٵĿԽƬ롣ʵ죬ûãͳһսǰ̧ۿȥǽϣȻԿһͨɫ콾ָ˵ֵҹʱķһǳ⡣
Ѫһҩ
߿ĵͷ


1562 ħ
ڳǽϵ콾·ָµ˲Ϸ𹥻ֵҹϮ˵սǼǿģսǿ츳ңʮѪսϣηʮֿ񱩣һɱֻҪûսˡ
·ҲǶǿߣһսǿΪҲﵽԪ񾳲ΣҪսν൱ס
һƻǿ
쿴ʲô
ǽϣһսʿ¶֮ɫ
ֻսϣ߾ȻڲϵǰУܼҹУϵİ£·һķ羰Ե쳣Ŀͺһҩũɽ֮Сܵҹһ㶼ûжκ谭ңٶȼ죬գۼ䣬Ѿǽǰ
ҵĴҩ
һ֮ͳڳǽϣ·ǰ¶ƺͰ΢Цеֱӳ·ôȥ
ʲôˡ
·Ҳ¶ŭ֮ɫȫ벻ǴðҹǿߣȻֱӳڳǽϣȫǳ󣬿ȴ޷ϸܵκ·ɲ⣬ַ·һͨһȻԲһͨߣΨһĿܾǣߵΪսѾԶԶܸ֪ķΧ֮⡣
һ㣬ǺεȵĿ¡
붼룬ּ䣬Ͼųɫ⣬·һҪʼͣͷųԼǿս
飡
ӭӵһƮƮôԴϣ漴·͸оԴһΣױһƬհףͷŵһɢûб󣬶ңۿɼٶȲСֱӻΪһ˲ôȻ󣬱һҩ¨С
һƴҩ֡
콾Ȼץˡ
ɱȳ·
ʱָĹŰϯȥ
һȺõϡֵ˷ʱ䡣
дһ˿ӣЩȫǿһ̤䣬ֱӴսʧһԹĸ֮߰Ϊϡ
ûʵûʣУۿһ۵ʸûСӲҪ˵ǳ֣֣οҪĴҩڵȻǴŭǿɾͲô˵ġ
ȻҪһսǣ˵£˷ʱ䣬ҪɼҩģС¡ܲᣬͲᡣ
ԣת뿪ˡ
ٶȣûκ˿¡
죬Ͽ콫Ϣȥҹаħɱ콾죬һҪ촫ȥÿൢһӣɾ޴ʧ
ϢݳȥǿȥԸҹдˡҪսϽꡣ档Բǵóѡ
սʲôĵ̣ǿߵĻ콾У콾ʵƴĹؼڡ콾ǾʤĹؼԣ콾κ壬κУǲġ
ԴֻǺĶѻȥ
ھȻҪԼ콾֣ңԣܲŭһ֣ǾҪֹģɶԷΪ
Ƕģ档
ܿ죬ϢѾԾ˵ٶȳսݳȥ
ǿѾõϢ֪ɫһƬ䣬ʮֲơ
˭֪ԼѾΪɫܺÿȥ
дֱ̫
飬ʲôλòǣǾ͸ȥ
ԲܷŹҪɱһӰ١
мϢٴݹ
ʲôе콾һһͻȻ֣Σˣ˭޷ۿһҩ㣬Сͽҩ¨СֱӴߡ
һӣͫʮҲץˣ˵ʱͫʮѾʩչͫͨڶԷϣȴͬʯ󺣣޷κ˺׾ͱߡʱ龳εĻ֣߳ȴԷһ¾ʹƬķѡ
龳ڶԷУ˲䱻ɱǺεȿµ顣
һս֮ǿѾȫ˵
ʵĸΣ˭޷Ԥϡ
ǣħսֵʿ˭Ӧó龳ĽޣһȻѹƣų⣬ǳǴпܣǣǰߣûܵ췣ҲûѹƣԣչֳʵѾ龳ķΧ֮ڡ
Σȴѹ㡣
ãе콾ͭҲץˣ˵ͭĻҲˣ赲סȻûȴһˣΪֹǻԲѡشҹǿ̫£֪ʲôҪ콾ֺ顣Ŀʮȷ
ţϢ
дŮսϱҹŮץߣÿһǹɫľŮڸݿɿϢѾвʮŮץߡֻƬƺǱץȡ䵱¯
ɱ
ϢսһƬڡ
һֱӶ콾ֵħͷѾ콾еԵͷʹƫƫʱ򣬻һħڶŮ֣ԵĿ꣬һǸǵľŮֱ֡ڻϽ͡
ʿУҪȻԼΪͬŮ׷һҪģܶ콾˭ǶЩ֮Ů׷׷󣬾ϣԳΪ£ԼŮˡ
ǰû⣬ҲΪⶼǰõġڣȴ˶ǵ⣬еķŭȻǿ֪ġȫŭգֱǲ̡
ЩϢԾ˵ٶսɢš
ÿʱÿ̶ɢ
ڰѻƷʳкŮոճԵ;ͿؼҴҵ˽ϴһ˿ȴûпڣĬĬغһߡ
һ㽫ϵʳȫꡣ
ҴҸϹʲô·
¶һ˿ø̾ɴʳ޾֮Уָܣ˳ٴηǡ
֪УΪɱ䵽תľ磬ﵽĸ߶ȡ
ǿĸои̵С
ոһʳһǶʳģͷľЧȷʵ˼飬˻ζ
֮ǰؽȻˣƷʳʱ飬ҲҪʱһߣһеȳ˵
۾ħսȷʵˡҹɱ콾ץɫŮ׼Ϊ¯սѾըˡ
ҲûгɣٽԼ˽⵽˵
ʣЩϢȫǱըԵġ
ҹǺôĵӣôͲ³ҵĴսŭ𣬶˵Ӧòû̫ôŶԡ
ߺ󻺻˵
ʵϣǲݵĴУεжԣʩչֶΣҲıսֻ֡սҶȸ߶ѡ
ҡͷ˵


1563 Ϊ
ԣҹ콾Ըûпܹ糹״ѹȥϣǰԲ׾ͳеƣսҵľ棬ֻȴȴħսǵѹƳʧʱ򣬲ǷǿƵʱѹƻڣʱֵģֻ£ҹУҲǽʺĽɫ
΢˵
ǻۣģץ콾͸ɫŮӵ飬ڱĶʲôʲôҪġ
ֻʺȻʱ̣ǾͿаգ󲿷ҹ콾˵һģǽȻִͬڣǡǡҲζţܳΪʺģǾԲǺǵġпܣҹ֮УҲһͷʹĴڣ׼䣬û˸ǡ
һˣôûгԵԼҪһȡ
ǲ鷳顣
ԣ϶ǿߣңǿսϽĵزû˭׿ѹ
ǡǡĽʺͷʹĴڡ
Ǻ޹˼ɣǸǼƻ֮ııû˭ϲҲûܹԸ⿴ŰнʺڣʲôƻᱻõһƬҡ
콾ʲôӦ
ܽڿѯʵ
սѾڣԭȺܶ䲻û¶μĶ콾Ѿʼ׼ҹҪֹҪǳ׻ɱҪȻӣûа취һع˵
ߵЩŮˣɴûκӵͷ
ĵط֪֮ҾҪǷκεطԳɾһҵǳΪһҪȥ֪ȾĳЩ˲ϣϵϣδزǲܡ
ԣȻǳġ
ڳ׼׵۳󣬽ѻǣܵĽ¥еĸʿ뵽֮УУޱϣЩʿ׵ĹУʣ¥¥ݣҲܹõλҪԴ飬Ȼ˭ǡ
ʲôԺҲЩչɵӰȻǷͬġû˭صĴڡ
ܴЩڴ׵۳ѾһΪ꾡˽⡣
ߵЩŮˣǸصĹע߷ʮοЩŮˣһ򵥣֪ʱĿɿڴԾ̾ЩɶǴ˵еˡ
ݣλʵ޲һ
ԣǵĻһ㶼ûкӡ
ǷҪҪ֡ҳӶ֮ŮΪ¯оʵ̫ӡǿ˵
־ٶκŮһָͬܵĸо
裬Ů޶Ҫͬ顣
ȿ˵óʱȻҪ֣Ͼڻ֪ǵʲôˣѶϢ鱨֮١
ƽ˵
ȻвʱĺܸоУͬŭһض
ʱ˽
۾
Уڰݼ
ͻȻǲʲô鷢Ȼʱ뿪ǽŶԡ
пЦ˵
ǼʶˣԼְϣȫһõذѻǵԽǲ˿иʼնšȴ˳ᢣЩĺܺáидϣߵҪϸܸɡĳɼҪġ
һУǴҪġ
Էһߡ
۾˫ǰȷʵһҪ۾漰λųҲ޷Ҫ۾֪
¶һ˿ص˵
Ŷʲô飬㶼޷˵
¶һĨ漴ѯʵ
žųؾųͬʱ΢٣뿪ѻǣһЩ˽¡¹ش¾ֻǰʾ۾
˵
ŷɣλôʱͻȻҪ٣ʱ뿪ѻǣӦ֪ĳЩϢߣõĳЩѶϢ뿪ǳأҪȥʲôҪˡ
ζ˵
⣬΢²⣬ӦѾңλȡϵҪǰԼһȻ˵ɫ䣬һƶ
ȻԼĲ²⣬żǿšһ֪ŷɵ䣬ǾԲ׷Źһ뷽跨ҹʱ֣ʲô˸е顣

Ǻǣ뱾۲²һֵ֮飬ҴԱ󽫡жԴˣǺԥľѾȷ
Դȥײ
ˣŷܳľٶ
۾ҪǼ棬᲻̫ˡ
ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬˵
׼ˡǳȥҴ׵۳ֻǿ˼룬ҪĲˣ£ʲô壬ο磬ǵ磬ÿ˶ѡ¿ʼʸû˭Ӧø˭οʱҲŵһȥ۲ǳŵȻΥȥԼ
΢󣬻˵
Ӧ飬һǲıģȻЩζǣţģѡ뿪ֻ˵Ե
Ҫŵ飬л
ڵۻʣ󣡣
Ϸԡ
ȻŷɹĻеġֻ˵һһɡʲôܶС
ã΢ס
ҡҡȣʾѾ֪ô

ѻǣһӪڡ
ŷɺȻۼһ˵żΪӵı顣миˣгɣеǵȵȡһȻԵüΪĸӡ
ϵǳȥ棬δġ
Ĭ󿪿ѯʵ
ԼȻҪȥֵֵ֮ܽ飬ܲˣ¾´Ǹȥף۾ǿɶ
ŷ̾Ϣ
ϵΪԽӵŨ
׶ôȻֵܹĺǾޱȣԴȹӦΪϵǲġԴ
ͶʣأһʿΪ֪ͷ
ӲҪ˵ڴУǸоδй붯
Ϊ忪ػǵĸжǿĶ
ڴУͬţΪ֮ܶİգͬͬ˯սʿЩԸĶǰûô࣬ĳ֣һӾͽǰòȥ룬ȥĵز
߰ɣ绹Ҫġ
̾ϢҲ޷
ʱͬʱ뿪ϢҲ˹
õϢ󣬹ŷиǸжǾᡣ
ǺҪȥ˭һУȴƫƫͬˡ


1564 类ץ
гֹĻǷѡ񣬿ֲκֹľٶȴиӶһ˿ΣжᡣһֱεĸжͬҲżĸдʱҪҪ뿪ʱҪ뿪
ڣԣسŵȥԼ
񣡣
Ծ񰡡
Ϊѡ
ԽˣԽԾ
߰ɣܣȥ˵ȻˣǾûвĵϵһжȼ˵
ãġŷҲûٶ룬ͷʹ⣬ǵȽȥ롣
ͷȻֱ
μ棬ζܸĵġ
ǰꡣ
ŷһۣҲû˵ʲô漴Ӱѻȥ־ٶеĽʿûҲû˵ʲôȻոնѾõ
һжɽ
˿̣ڰѻ⡣һɰ׹ǻ۶ɵĹɽ֮ϣһӰȻţֻܿĳϴһ˿ꡣɽⲽȻвƽ
ϸȥ˲Ǳˣ
ڿŷ֮󣬾ѾһҪǰѻǣԼλֵһֻҪһǣԿ϶ֵ֣һԲ׳һ·𣬳ΪһΪשߡһ㣬׳ԼĴ
ǣڶûоԵİտԴﵽԼĿġ
ôûѾϢݹȥֻҪǶܣǾͿ϶ܹյҴݵѶϢôʱûĪΪ׵֪ˣ뿪ǰҡҪĻǾ鷳ˡ
Խǵ૵
͹ŷһ壬ںʱڶƬһÿƬǾƬһ𣬿ԳΪһһ
һһֽʵȴжصáһԽһֵܣڸ໥ѶϢϵҪ໥䣬ܽһķΧ֮ڲȻ⴫ѶϢÿƬһֻܴݳһѶϢȻ󣬻ͻȻȻɢΪޡ
һ㣬Ǿ⻨ܹ꣬нֻҪԸ⣬ͿԽȡֵܵһΪӳԼĳһʱУս޲ʤҡ
˵ֱܹӵֵܵ
һһΧڣһһܵشԽ˺ֱתƷ̯ϣĹ˵ڹؼʱ̣ҲһֱҪֶΡ
ƬһȫһԵı԰ļ֤һЩ
һϵĹŷɣյԣȻԽյΨһǣе׻᲻ˡ
飬˿ģԼֵ֮֮飬žԵġûʲô谭ֵ֮֮顣Ҳܡ
ҪвˣǾһнݡ
ıģǺѷֵġ
ҲһĲ֣ǺʣֵĻᶼУӲҪ˵ġȥҪˣҲûκε
̤̤̤
ʱһս۵
æ̧ۿķһϲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ȻԿԶսӰڸеģսϵˣӰǻɻңҲϳٲȻԼ˼ĺĽֵܣŷɡ
硣
ǣŷͬҲվɽϵ϶¶֮ɫ˷ܵڲ֮飬Ա
ܣܡ
ʱˮֹסµ޵λ͵ܣˡΪҲûлռ棬
һ߿޺һ̧䣬סݡ
硣
ŷͬʱݣæ߶ս
ʱȴԶһµͻȻ֣¶֮ɫһ֮壬һҩһ޶ģٿػ衣
ɣҩ¨
ЦǺǵĻȣһôԴϡ
ոջ溿ޣԱԼ֮飬뵽һôԼԴϣȻоԼԴ·𳹵ʣðǣһƬհס
˭
ģ
Ҫʲô
һɲǼ䣬ȫûʶСһҡΣذڶ
󣬸û취ƿһε£СֱӱɰƴСԼ߱ҩ¨С
һĻʱ伫죬쵽˸κηӦ
硣
磬类ץˡ
ŷɱҪٹۣȴûȵۣȴǰ߽ץߵĻ棬һĻ˸εѣ۽ǶѪ˿ŭŭĳ߳ɱȥ
ףҲ겻Ĵҩ
ĿùŷɣеЦݸӵŨȻҲһ˼
ɱ
˸⣬붼룬ٴ߶µĳڴϱϮ
䣡
սڱϮңٶۿɼٶһƥսҲǧơÿһõ洫սİ쳹գһɿ񱩵սڱ
ÿһ̤õĺ˲顣
˻
ƥڿħʱԵ͵һԾڰлһĻߣɱһ˫ŭ糱ƣķеµ𶯡˸·âͬϢƺڵ֡
°Ҵ磬һ
ɢһ˿˿ĵ⣬췢һϺȣᵶԾ֮ǿȻֱӴﵽٵ⣬ңһ̣׵ĽޣŭĴ߶£ӵĿ񱩡
ڵϣȻԿ˸ϵ·𳹵׻˹
꣡
һȥµĿռ䶼·п
һһɽǰҪ
翪ٵء
ﵶɽ
һŹȫеսӵ۷塣

Ȼħȴ˿һ㶼û⣬еƮƮ̧µ£һУֻµĴ󵶾Ȼô׵Ľص
ɫǵ䡣
Ҫһնǽһ룬ʱ֪еȻ·ʯ󺣣ʧ磬ԵһƬޱߺ嫵ĺ
ã
аһͷ
ţ͸оһϴݳӲͬµսһɳȥ󵹷ɣֱŷϡ
ǿ
ŷɫ
ߣذѻǣҵ۾
ſһѪѪҺлѪĩ֪ոһѾش
ˢ
ûκγɣһ䣬һռѾǰȻŷŹ˲˽ռУֱʧ


1565 
ڴ׵۳ľųϣпռӡǣԽӡǣռţһʲôΣյľڵһʱ䣬ѣ޷صĲʹ棬ڹǿģǿռӡǣУһԥûУޱȵĹ
ŷɸһɶûС
һжǿʮɾǿһɱ׵£ңӲڷ£ش
ǺεȵĿǿ
ߣԲһˣľС
ΨһģǷشףǰѻǣԮȳ֮⣬벻κΰ취Խ⡣
ˢ
ռųʧٶȶǼ죬һգۼʧħҲûа취
ȴҲû̫⡣
ҩսϴҩô࣬һ¾Ϳֲʧħɫº͵˵ҩ¨Խӵ⣬ЩɶĴҩ

ѻǹ㳡С
һռƾտţӰֱӳ֡Ȼǹŷˡڳֺ󣬹ٴһѪɫ԰ֽȻûг׻ָѾ̷˵ҩڵڵõ⡣
ǹؽŽ
ؾųˣô¡ô˵ġ
죬֪֪ͨͨ۾
㳡ϵĴʿĿãһʱɫ󾪣ŷɣȻܻ᲻ֻ֪˭û뵽ͻȻ˹ȫԤϡ
ûгɣǵϢһʱ䴫ݹȥ
ûãʹǰģҲ¶𾪣ؽ⵽ô£ǲǰȥôôͻȻˡ
һĻҲԤϡ
ǰȥ֮壬ôܻˣѵˣǿЦƫƫˣңӣشԹʵܵصƣٵľ棬Բеô򵥡
бʣңдʷ
죬ȥ۾Ҵˡŷɿæ˵ɫŽǡ
ã𼱣ȥҵ۾ڵ۾ҲӦڸеǡ
׵ͷһɶûУ˿ٳų˹ȥ
ȻѾõϢڳеȺһͼˡ
ؽΡ
п𣬿ѯʵ
л۾ģĩϵƲ޴󰭣ֻҪһʱ䣬ȻԻָвһ˿жоһůӿ

׵ͷ³һ
εΰȻȻĳ֣ڹϣͿ԰׵ɫۿɼٶȻָúڵƣѸʧ
£һж˵档
۵ͨܡ
л۾
ָæڵл
оѾȫָû˿
۾Ҵ类ҹǿ°ߣο϶׶༪٣۾ȳҴ硣ֻҪ۾Ը֣ҹԴ֮ԸΪսɳЧҴףЧҵ۾ġֱӵϥйȥȻ˵
ɫ䣬һּᶨִš
ֻҪܾȳԸΪ˸һУֿĳŵŵһֻΪ׶սֻΪ׿룬ҲΪ˶ҡ⻻ȡģгֽ
ܸΨһۡ
ŷͬˣֻҪ۾֣ŷɴӽ󣬾׹ֻҪƽһжС¡Ը۾
ŷҲȻ˵
ͬŵ
£ǶԵ֮鸶̬ۡҲ֮䣬ǵЧңȡƽ£г֣ܹɹȳĻᣬҲ̫󣬿ϾǻᣬôȻʮǾһһԸһȥȡ
οҲܳնеĳɣյľҲǸǽ֮һ
Ҳãоԥˡ
Ǽʱ۾ǳŵһ죬ǾҪȥǱ۾Ȼ׵۳ԶǵļңǿĺܡʼҴףȻò
Ц˵Ѿףλӽ󣬾ͳ׹ڴףǽǣҲʲôЧⱾһÿһ˶ѡĻᣬû˭⡣ֻҪľͿԡ
ЩǲıģֹУÿվеңȻ᲻Ϸ仯ı䡣
λ֪֮ǰ巢ʲôϸһߣҲôӳ飬ȷƶӦ֮
ѯʵ
ҲǺ棬ȥô䵽ĵزı仯Ҳ̫˳Ԥˡ
ʵǺĽ
ǲڳɣٽ֮ǰ˵һ顣
һӶûУֻΪĽ
ߣȻһӾͽδߣʵԳؽǶ֣һͱشħսҹв֮һר°콾ǿߣ䵱ҩ
΢˵
оѾ˽ۡ
۾֣Ҵڿ϶Σգսô˭֪ҹаħһԶѰҡ
ٴο
ҹðǿû֣û뵽ȻǵͷϣȻӲҰѻǸ°콾Ҫô뿪Ҵ׵棬Ҫ⣬Ҫһʲô·
׵ͷ˵ɫ䣬Ҳ¶һĨŨŨս⡣
ΡѾǿҵȤ
һսͷޱǿҡ
ѻʣܷ׷ٵԷμ
ٴ˵
ģħսϣҰ׹ڤѻһ壬ҪʲôˣǾ׾٣οڸǾ͸סңҰѻǵٶȣҪ׷ȥ̫ѡ
ѻʾһԣŵĻ
Ȼ£ʮţҲʮȤ
ڴӦ󣬾ͿѻƶٶȻ俪ʼӣ޴İ׹ڤѻųǣƶոħûԶͲܣֻոҩѰ콾ûʲôָԣʱκεطκη
׹ڤѻʺܿѾħķλáٶȼĲϿ
ǽϡŮѾȥ̤ڳǽϣܾٱá
ʱѾǰ棬һߣҩ¨ȣһɽҩҩũ硣ô׼һҹаħǿߡ
ף
ħߵĽŲ֮ͣ£תգĿֱڰѻϡУƺһĨ
Ŀ⣬ֱϣǰδеĳȹâȤȫԱ
ҩһǰδеĴҩ˸еϲ
ħ¶Цݣ˵
аħ콫Ҵų
ŷɿֱӷһŭ


1566 ù
˵ҩֻˣһλľȱ˱ҩ¨еĴҩֻнûгΪҩбԼֵʸ񡣱һúðġ
ħǱ¶ĵЦݡ
Узһ궥ҩܸԼĹΪԼ̤۷壬ҪĹסȻεӣֵõġ
˵Ĵҩֻˣһ곬ҩ
ˡ
ܸˡ
ۣС
пߣһĨʣ漴³һ콾Ϊҩ콾ֻһ㣬͵ʵҹ֮УӦҲ֮
дɱ⡣Ҫ̽ġ
٣ֻҪ֪ġ
ħ𣬵Ȼ֣к֣ܶڣԳƺΪҩũ
ħƽЦЦ¶һ˿Ȼ
á
׵ͷɫȴûаη壬ƺħ˭û˵һμ棬ûеѡֻҪֲɱֳ£ֳͺáȻҪϻ
㲻Ҫҩôһֻ
пħͻȻţǰһߡ
أ
ߵ̻õֻ֮ͻȻ٣˲͸оһɾ˵ϣһ¾ͷ·һոճ۵ڵ㣬Ծ˵ٶǰ˳ȥһɫëڿл裬ǷùƤգۼͳħǰ
ʲô
ħ𿴵߹̻ʣüͷ΢΢壬ַùĹҲĵ׵һ֮С붼룬óȣ̻ʵͷһôȥ
ž
ʵȻʧ֡׾һô̻ϡ
أ
̻ʵһҽУи̲סһ̻۾ð̹⣬֦Ҷ㣬һȥڵϣϷһ¾Ū߻صġ
ͷ㾹ȻҴ򱾻ʡдֱд
̻Ƥһʣֱǿֲ˷ָʮѲǣԲѷɫؼǣһ֮ù֮֮壬ңָʮ־ˡգۼָܻ
һȻȻģһӴƾճ֣һ¾ͽħڣ˽ȥ뵽ڡ
ʲôȻùҪùô
ħʶ㣬ʱһʱ͸оɫʱͱüΪѿʲôʱùܻΣŨֱӳԼȥȫûе顣
ùʲôǴܶҪմǵĻһմȾ˭֪ʲôµĶˡ֮ײе㡣
ˮ죬·ܵӣͷʺйʺʲôƨ¶пܷʱ߻ħƵ֮ġȫڻ¡
˵
ؼǣùˣûʲô׿ơ
˵֮ףʯùˣƶˡƫƫûЩù֮ˣŨΪôӴһ磬ȫڡҪõùáǻ˵ġ
ùڣʣͲܱƵóֻʱƣһδεùбĥ
ƹ֮԰ѡ
̻ʡ
ɵƯ
ǽϳҧ˿϶¶Ц⣬
ֱд
ħ̧ۿ̻ʣɱȻȻѾ֪һù֮ôġǴù̹ġ
ϵˡ
ǿװȫʱᱬը֮ס
ı
ı
ı
ҩũƮ
ħ𷢳һЦȳŰѻһӣѾҪɱ䡣
һӣһ漴ƾճ֣˷ɢɢУܿҹаħͻȻʼƬƬĵ¡һ£ͳ׳ߡϵۿɼٶɢջΪУϣȴ¶ɫƺʱɴһޱĸдС
ԸԶУС
ңҲȷʵˡ
һ㶼ûй˼ɵǲҹһսʿֵңֻҪǾֻ

綾
ڵһʱ䣬ѻ˶֪Ƭ㲻ͨľ綾ڲ֪ȥ׶ľ綾һϯȻԹĲʹ
أ
Ȼ򣬾ҪƮѻǰʱͻȻ䣬һ׵ĸ֣ʼӲĵתħԼȥʼΧƲɢ
磬ͨķ磬ͨķ磬Ҳⶾңʩչģƾճֵġ
ùˡھͿʼ˲ô
ħ𿴵һˡ
ڸԣҪͷž綾һ紵߶һ㶼˼
ңùһѹƲס
ڲһֵĺʱ̣ȱܿʱ䣬ù֮ѹȥ˵
ħһ˿̻ʵĺ⣬ޱȵ̡ʵΡ
ϷҪȥҩշһս
ħ𷢳һϺȣ˵ţתҪȥ
Ȼù˲ʱ̸ж֡ˮ죬˭֪ᷢʲô顣Ҫɵĺ̫ء
ߣδЩ̫ļ˰ɡ
еȻһЦйâһȻԿǹСסսͬʱһε֣֮칭ɱҲڵһʱսϣ˸ɱ
ȸ⣡
ڣһļȻȻɱС
乭һǳɡ
һ˲䣬ɱѾΪһ⣬㻮Ƴգħɱȥ
һ磬ȥͬʱΪһֻ޴ȸͨųҵȸ档󺣡
ţȥ󣬵ڶɱѾ³ǹϣٴαȥ
⣡
׻⣡
⣡
£ܿĵļ˺ա
ȸ䣬׻ͬʱԻƿյٶȼ죬ǹɱķâɱйעȥļ⣬ǿͨͨһ̣עСħ𣬸һⶼûСӣǾ
£ȻȫԸ
鱦սսһ𣬸
ĵ⣬ȥͬʱϱ
Լ䣬ضѹ
ħǵһʱоɫʱһѿ
ûн۵ס
ΪǺǵô
ħͣ½Ųˡűĵ⣬һЦֱǰһɨһƬɫȻȻĻ

ɫ̺һǿΰҪĵսͬʱˢ䡣ײ£ȴûˢսֻսҶɱ


1567 һ
ȴûֱħ𣬶ǳħͷۣһգۼ䣬Ϊһ޴ͼͼϣȻֳȸ䣬׻ĵͼͼգ֣ң˲ϢźԪ糱ˮӿͼС
ͼ
ͼ֮ڣرȻȻķһǿķ֮ħܣҪǾٲά衣
۾Ȼ죬ܹޣܻһ𣬻Ϊͼķѹأڼͼ£Ȼܵ޴ѹơΪͼڷ˵ı仯
ǹɱ⣬һκһɱǿߣ龳ǿ߶ܵɱ
鱦ϼǿ仯
ĵۣǿɱС
𣡣
ƣ
ͼУһ˻𲻶ϸ֣쳹գơ
ˢˢˢ
һ̣Ϳһ˸ɫսսϣȸ䣬׻ĵͼڻƣս̺һ±ȫԽ֮ǰһսսս龳ԣᱻɱ
սѾǵԻɱ龳龳еĶǿߣҲҪɱ
սһ
飬ǧ򣬷·ǿ籩һ¾ͽħ𳹵׸ڡ
㣡
޴ɶ㡣
أ
޴ܲ
޷Ĺͼ֮£սңٶȼ죬磬κζĻᡣ
ȻһȻʩչ˰Եļ
ħҲ仯
ܼս붼룬еȹâһȻΪһɡ˲򿪣ͷɡϣɢ̹⣬ĸ̺ܵ޾ɡ棬Ǿǰȫޱȡ
ڳɡʱͻȻ䣬סɡֱۣĪĴһʹɡ֮䡣
ãֳˡ
ħһˡΪôֳܻľȫܷ顣ƫƫͷˣ˥Ǵ˥ùڸ
̹ˡ
ħڵĸƵģ̻ʵĿ⣬Ǻ޲һڽֱȥ
ѽѽ
̻ǳĶħ𷢳Ƶ
ħʱˡ
̻ʣ
һ룬ĸڶڷʵǻȫӣȻҪᴥ˥
ȫߵù֮塣
˭˭ù
ȻЩǺ󻰣ɡֵ꣬Ȼôһһ£ʱͱƫˣʵʵı¶ܼļ֮¡Ŀܼļ걬䣬ϡ԰Եޱȵ̬˲䶴ʲôⶼûá
Ӳһ˲ͱɴ⬡
ǻ棬ҪжҡҪ౯ж౯
ȫǲҲ̶á
У
һĻڰѻཫʿУһ̲סһ֪ħʵˣˣǽ콾ǴҩһδߵĿ´ڡȴӲɴ⬣̺壬жôľ˿¡
۾Ȼ޵УħҲҪɱӦ̻мϵҪ̻ʵùˣɡܳƫֱӱ¶ڼ֮¡
һ˿µǿ߾Ȼôˣʵٶ龳ǿߡôɱôоεĴ
ǽϵĽʿеĿøӵĳȣȫһޱȳݵĿ⣬ţ󡣲ʲôţһԳɹ
˿̣С
һڣҹ콾ȴ̲סһһڲǳԾ֮ɫ
پȻ׵۸ɱˡ
ԣֻ̹̹ùˣù˸壬ħʧûмʱ赲꣬ҪȻҪɱɲô׵飬Ǹȣħıħǧ䡣κη֮ǿǼƷ鱦˵֮ңʱпܷɱ䡣һͷδܴɡķ
ħؼѱɱһɣģ϶ˣֻɱһΣȻᱻŭǿǷӰķӡкϷˣ׵ȷʵǿ󣬿ħ𣬾ֲȥ²ǿħɲôǵġ
ǿеҹ콾𾪵ͬʱһڴſֵ顣
Ȼħûô򵥡
ˢ
Ȼֻҩũ̴֮󣬶ʱͿҩũ˲Ϊ㣬ȻȻʧһ̣һУ֪˷׷Ŵͣþúϲ£
һǣ
Ĺųǣ棬ôôˡô¡
ħˣôһǡ
ԣеģ٣áʵڡ⵽ô¡
ʿǴ㶵૵
˭ͻȻһǶо벻š
ഫħĹʮֹ죬޳һǣоסŴ飬Щ飬ħķԼңԣͷųκһ飬ɶԷӣؼ䣬Ը񣬼䣬·һˡ
е飬Ϊиеͣǿǧ򻯣ҲŮκһǶĸ壬־˼άýȻͬǧ򣬹쵽㡣Ǳɱɻڳٴ𡣼ûܹɱ
д˵ħı壬һʯǣЩ°ߵ콾ȫ뵽ʯУΪʯǵһ֣ʯǲǲħֻʶУǧֶι쵽㡣
ҹ콾Ŀʯǣһȴ¶ɵ֮ɫǸо·ǿĳֽɡ
ħĴ˵ܶ࣬ʲô˭ȷֻ֪൱Ŀֲ൱Ŀ¡
Ϊ˭֪ħ𵽵жǿֻǴ˵ʯУ˯ħ壬Ǳѣлȫںϣһħ״ɣӵеսǿ󵽲˼顣
ڿʯǣڲ֪޾Уڣʮֹ죬ĵҪҵޱȣǴУȴʼ޷ɱ֪жǿ졣ܶԸ
Ϊ֪ڸʲô
ùħ𡣡
ͫһۿȥȴ֣ʯǵĸڣʲôطڳֵģ·ֻһͶӰѡüš
ֻеĻʵġ
ܿСߺȣƷгʳв÷ڱ֯ũڸֵȡְָҵָ塣һۿȥ·ַٵһųǡһУߺȣ̸Ϊֹȫͬ


1568 ջ̨
֣Ȼ
һеһУ·Ĺųû𡣵ֻͨ¶һˡκһС䱾Ŀһ콾Ǳħ𲻶°콾ǿߵԭ콾׿ǱȺܹиĻᣬﵽ۷壬ߵˡ
ڹųУЩ콾ɷǷǿǿеĹսһоѧʶնħĵ̡ΪЩ콾˭֪ᵮǿߡ
龳̨֤
û֪˭ħĵ̵ж¡
ڻɱҩũֳųǣҲһƬأ¶޾ľ֮ɫ
鲻˸
̽鵽ģȴ֮١
ħǡ
̺꣬꣬꣡

ֻ֪ħǵ֣ħǣ棬ڵֻǲ꣬޷п̽κƺ޷͸Уһ硣
Ьϯˡ߹·һһơϵȵĲЬ֤㴩ǧ̹;
кðɣһ˫Ьɡ
ʱܿڳڣһ꣬һ鲼ڽֵߣŵ̯̯ϻһ˫˫Ьϯһߺȣһ߻涣еˮ·һ̾ͻ˿ģᡣ
Ǵ硣
ħ档ôЬģ
ڵһۼ䣬ŷɾѾϳħЬӰ˭ҪҵĴ磬ֻڵȫЬСӱϣ˿
Ȼǳױ档
űץסãѾͽħ֮Уңһֻ֪Կ˹ЬСǡ
ħƺռ䣬ҪβܾȵĳҲ̫ˡ
ѻϣʿĿãҲһĹŹ֣֮ǿЦħ̫죬˿ͷƤ顣ʵҹ콾ĸдΪǸӵ˽⣬Щħеģħķ׼ɣɷƺһ˲ĹֶΡ
˿̣ȻԿħУһͻȻһţħʧԭأȡ֮ģȻһ󺺣󺺣ۿɼٶͣȻ䣬Ѿߴǧɡͨ巺⡣ֳɫճ޾鲼ȫȻתѪе
Ϣ˲䱩ǡɫѪ𣬼񷣬¡
ƽˣѪ졣
ĿãͫҲһƽȫΪߵ֮·֮ǿѾһ˷ָĵزʿ徳磬Ѿﵽת̶֮
ת龳ľ硣
ս֮ǿɱĿֲκεǰ龳ʿᱻһȭɱһ򷨣ûκεɽһȭȥ׽촷ۡʲôͨһȭȥͨͨ
Իƽ˵츳Ѫ֮ǿ˷ָϵ츳ǶеĴڡ˿ɢѪ˲նֳŤ֮ɫ
ת̶֮һ֮һ𲽵ģǺεȿµԴݿ࣬ɽ𣬽Ӷ
ߵ־磬ֱһĿ¡Ѫ򷨲֣ͨһͻᱻѪ֧飬б㡣
ʿ̫¡
޵У޵С
ɱһңǧǧҡ
ƽ˿зһϺȡ
Ͻ⻷ƣ·͵Ĳ֮

ͼУһսٴ籩ϯԻƽӴȻõļӡ
㣿
ƽ˸ûκζ˼
սϡ
ۣ
ƽ˵ǿ˷ָĵزܿһսϣȻɱ龳ʿսڻƽϣȻֻܴһƤɫѪҺûгսͱƳ˿ڶ˲Ϣ
ûа취˺ѾѪ
ǿ
һǿ
ƽչֳĿֲĿߣ̲סһ⻭棬ǿµ¡
۾ս޷ƿƽ˵ƽ˵жǿ˭ɱ֮ʿµľض̫ѹơܷӳս̫ܵӰ졣
ǿƲԷķβɱ
ʿԿЦɫѿ
ƲǺʣüһ꣬Ӱ졣ֻҪ˲һжȻ
ɱҡǾҪɱ
ƽ˷һȡУͻȻǰ̤һ
¡¡
Ȼ򣬾ոǰ̤һ̧ʱͻȻ䣬µĴغ׵ķ𶯣𶯣ͷ·ǵͻȻ䱬һɾ޴ڻƽ˵ڵϵʱڴʱһͻȻ˸ãһȻʧȥơ
ʶȥ
һͳˡ
£ȻԿһ֧֧˸ź⣬ڵϵսЩսÿһʵʣսû̺žǿɱ⡣
ܶڻƽϣȴµս
£ЩսȻûʲôΣգֻҪȵͼ飬սҲɢ𡣿ڼͼûʱսǲɢġ
ڵϵս˿̻ƽһƨȥ
ʱƨ汬һŽɫѪ
ǻһɫĳաãĿãһ

ƽҲûа취ܣ췢һҽб
ȻţͿͼܼս£˳ŻƽſĴֱ˽ȥһ¾ͳڣѪдս۾ϣֻ۾˲䱬ѣѪᡣ
һ¾ҵ㡣
⣬д˲Ұ׵䣬סҹ̫˪˭ڸ¥ϣؾ
һ̣ȻսϣһУȴ˻ĸƽض
˳̻ܿѾǰأŸһվһëڷз裬ϣ޾УŻƽ˷質
죬
ɫһ䣬붼룬ѸٷԸȥͬʱ׷óĲܣ˵סǲܱ֤Ҳֵܵס󲿷
̻ʳˡ
ܶཫʿǵᶯҡڴ˿̣ĸζ̲סаԥ
꣬ᵯɫĴһֽϣ紵ҡΣԶһ㡣Ʈɢģ
̻ʿûЩŸãؼȻ䷢仯ϸ겻ƮϮУƺл
˲ʹﵽ߳
ջУˣЦѷƣ˶ϳ¾ʡ
ľջڿи֣ƫƫ㣬Ĵɢ


1569 
̻ʵĸ
ܿУͻȻֳһ棬ǺȻǻƽͻȻˤڵϣƨųһɫջĻ棬Ŀã˶͵һʱѤ

ƽ˼Ҫը
ԼΪʲôᱻˤǸù˲ʲôϡŹֵ鶼ᷢԼϣңһƨսϣڻдսѪд󣬷ƻ۾Ϲˡ
ǲˮѪ
һжǱ̻ȮŪġ
ڲԱֻȻĸ̤ϣǽéﲻϼ̤ϵ棬һٱ飬һǧ鰡
еŭ糱ˮӿ·һɽؿ˲䱬һϲϳѪʮ
ɷҲ
ƽ췢һŭȻըѪѡ
Ѫķѡ
ҵĸ边ȻֹܣȻԸΪǡ衣ԸΪŵұģ壬尡
̻Ŀã̲ס¶һ塣
֮ˣʵұģֵѧϰֵþ塣
̻ʹײУ治Ҫǣǲðħ𶼱ըˡ
̻ʲѣһ֣ܵС̻ʵĸ裬ˣֻҲᵱըѪǧɡ
ѻཫʿĿãһ̻ʵĿ⣬쳣ĹŹ֡
֪̻ʵײУڸоײеĳ̶ȻӦ
̻ʡ
Ҳһ鴤̻ʣ˶Ҫš֪ܣҪоѾˡ
ɷˡ
ƽըѣԭأħٴθ֣һΣֻǳһ˲䣬漴ʹӳ߳һһۣȴɫ࣬ڲǷŭ֮ɫ̻ʵĿ⣬ȫһַŭ֮ɫޱȵĸӣһһס
ָоޱȵա
Σù֮£ⲻǰУȫǰ̻ʵù֮¡ֻǣ̻ʣȻ޵Ҫƫƫ֣ȫǸ⬣˭Ҫ֣ײеûеù֮ǿҪСȫֵס
ɱȴƫƫɱ˵ĸоǽһǽһʹࡣ
Ϊƽ˲Żᱻը
׵̸ۣһ̸ɡ
ħ𵽵ħһ׽еϢƽ֮ϸֳϢֺȻ֮Ȼ
֪У
ڻڣһĴ塣
ҵʮ־ˣƽȻͬ죬Ѱ
Ŷ֪ħ׼ô̸
еȻһЦƽ˵
ȴɵħľ֪ǳѰȻ˶̵˲ڣѾеϵٴˣתΪ̸С֪ù˲ǿĵ̣پ˵սڴ˿̣뷢ӵĳ
£ȥѾûκαҪ
ԣת˷
ȻħҲûоܾħǿˣȫһɱõĽʺһħǶķ飬ֹʮϰɱĻ֪Ҫɱʲôʱ򣬾ɱδػܽɱ
һѲĽɫùܣȴŪħĽ̻ʸɱˣ֮ױпܽŪҪȻ졣
ҲħЩ档
ģ޷
ˣħҲңؼꡣܹƺ⡣
ϵù˸Ūߡ
ħԥ˵
ùˣѾᵽȫһʱӵ⡣һãַӾͻ䣬£ҲôôЦȫԼ档һ㣬ܹȥ
ԣǺ޲ϵù˲ͱŪߡ϶һӣоһʹ尾·һεʱͷһ
Ūϵù˿ԣƾʲôô
ƽ˵ϵùˣĥûм꣬ʮ꣬δܹĥ⼸ʮ꣬㲻ҲԲù
Уڵı¶Լ뷨
ùȻû⣬ƾʲôܺڰ˵ˣǽǵʲôҪ˵ȨУħУҲЭ
ؼǣħܹóʲôҪòԼһĻǶԲһ̸ȻҪǴӦȻҲʨӴ󿪿ˡ
ߣ˵ɣҪʲô
ħϣһƬţ¶ᶨ֮ɫ׵ҲʨӴ󿪿ڣҪ̫ףһɢչظʮ꣬ĥϵùֻ֮ǲ̫鷳ѣɲǡ
Уһ˿
ȻеĽû˿ĸı䣬һִ֡
ħ°콾ɷ־ٶɲôѺãһ°ٵ콾ȫͷųҽƣָ콾䡣κֽšкɵĿ˵
ħץ콾ʣǶģܹΪĴҪͷţɣǶһ˵飬ܲӲҪ˵һսϣ˴ǡ
Ĳ˵ȳ콾е飬Ҫ졣
һ㻹еڶǵġ
ħ¶һĨЦ˵
еġ
ƽ˵
ıһҪ
ЩҩһɼȻѾǱķٻǣѾħеһ֡˭ָˡ
ħЦ˵һ⣬ħǵͶӰٴθֳǳˮޱȣ·һ֮С
ȻҪб£ǾԼֽǴȥֻҪܴȥǿɾͱֱ𲻸ǻᡣ
ħҲ¶һĨζ֮ɫ
֮ǰǿ˺ü֣涪⣬һΣͬҪ˻ᣬǽһ衣һض档
ħʲôؼû˭ܱǸո뵽Уڼ֮е콾Ҳ˭뿪ġ
ȻԴӦǣҪܽŪ
ҪŪħ澴ֶθ
ǾԲԽЩͳġǸʲô
۾Ҵڳа
ŷɼ˵
УЬԿߺȣΪˡ
ħ˵֮㵱档
пħ𣬿ѯʵ
Ȼ棬Ļм١
ħߵ
Ĳ˵ݣ˵ĻȻ


1570 
ţûû˿ԴħдκˣЩѾɷˣȻ˵κǿԶʵҲܾȵĳǿдֻгױһ֣굽壬ġ
˭ܸı䡣
ոͽȥûбģȷʵϣȳȥʧǣҲпָܻϾûгռЩ
Ǿ͵ڣ׵
飬ѾֻȥˡǾûκصء
ԣֻûбǰлȳȥʲôᶼС
һ㣬ħʮţʮƶû˿Դħд׽ĴҩֻҪԸӦӦûдӦ
Ϊڽħ֮Щ콾꣬Ѿ棬ֻű
۾־ȳҴ硣
ҲйĿ
ڣԸǽȳģʱһߣħ˵ħǵ콾޷еĽȻħǹ죬ԼԲܾȳΨһϣģֻС
Ǻǣ׵ۣħǾܾܲȳǾͿԼǾͱֱ𲻸ᡣ
ħһŵ˵
ɫ䣬һƬȻڵţſʩչֶΣȴȫȫù
а𡣡
¿ħǣѯʵҪҪҳ֣̽̽˵Ҫгȶħǽ̽ĻܲܳɹٿȶħһЩ򵥵˽⡣
á
еȻһЦƽ˵

ʯ˸漴³һ콾
¼䣬Ȼһΰϯؼ䣬ħϯȥȻ֮ħϣȴ·ޣʯ󺣣ûдκεı仯磬ħǣֻޣͲǰڵĿռ֮ڡ
ܿĵȴ
Ե쳣졣
ߣԿκβħǡ
ħĿãҲ¶һĨЦħǣͲƬռ䣬λܵԵӰ졣ֱЦȻֶ޿κεľٶбܵһˬ
֮ǰù֮ŪǱüĸоָоޱȵˬʹ죬Īʹ졣
ڴ˽УǾͼһš
Ŀã׵ͷּ䣬ȻԿһڰɫƾճ֡棬¶ϣһֹأ
鱦ţ
žйᴩΰͨȴֻκνֻҪ꣬ԴйȥУһͨûнʱͿӲҪ˵Ѿɱ鱦ţ̺ΰѾﵽ˼ĲΡ
ˢ
ųֺ˲Ϣ䣬һѾУ·ƾʧڴ˿ʱͻ֣ᷢħУһƾճ֣ħϿա
ȻܿԽ޾գҵħǵڣȻеŵ
ħĿãɫʱأħǿɲħսȻܱŸζʲôкҲֱӽħͶӰ¶һħħս֮ý飬Ŧ
Żᱻ˭ҵõ
ħ㣬ڳУˮȴںˮѣ޷룬Ψд
ƽĿħǣйâһһڵĵƾճСߣ͸ķ·ΣǱģ͡
ˢ
ּ䣬ֱ˦˳ȥ޳߷·죬˳ţٴƾճħϿգԿħϿգһֻƾճֺ֣ȴ޷̽ȻĳŻߺЬһӹ˹ȥ
Ȼľڡ
ţһɾ޴ӵдݶҪǿдӳеǾٶӺˮеûֻȵҪѵĶࡣ
ʱĸܵϣħУȻȻĴݳһɾ˵ס·̶֮Уһɾ޴ߡָоһֻֻε֣塣ߡ
磬ȴħУ͵ڰգ¶ʹ֮ɫϣɵ˺֪ʵֻ˲ͱ˺ɵķѣ
ȥ˵ᱻֱӽʳƬ궼顣
Ժһͷ
һħǿ⣬Եľˣֱ޷ĵز
һ̣Ѿ뷨ֻҪնħ֮ϵȻȻħǵѹֱʧ
Ѳסۡ⵶ն
漴˾ϡ붼룬һλεս֣˳ŴȥħУ⣬ٵĻնȥһնĲߵաһȥʱĿ·һӱϡ
ϴݵѹȻʧ١
漴͸һһħбǿȥ
һѾƾճڰѻǵĳǽϡ
硣
ŷɿæ˹ȥϸۿ֣ѾԣɢϢòǿƺĳֹ״̬С
Ȼĳɹˡ
ǵ۾û뵽ֱǲ˼顣̫ˡ
ѻʿϷ׷¶ϲ֮ɫеĿ⣬ӵĿȾ塣
ôܣ׵۾ȻĴħдһ콾ڻڰû˳ɹ飬Ȼ
ҵĹԹԣεҪǴȥֻҹ綼Ҫ𶯡Ȼߵ֮ǿߣеĵƣൽ˷ָ
ҹ콾еȴԶԶ콾ҪǿĶࡣ
Ϊ֪ħ˭֪ҪħǶôףôµ顣
˿̣ħѾһƬ࣬¶һĨ䡣Ҳû뵽оȻĿԴħǶôܵ飬ȴƫƫˡԼҹ콾ļ֤Լβʹ죬ûκζ
ҪģǷӣҲˡ
ȱ𶯣Ԫû̫ӦǱץħУܵһĳμʱϢһ󣬾ͿԿٻָ̫ǡ
ƽ˵
еȴûκͣ٣˦
콾⵶иȥնϵٽһһ˳
ÿһλħɫѿһ֡
ߵļⲻϵĳ鴤ȫܸܵеļ尾


1571 伮
֮ǰӦΪģûа취ħκ콾ȴȫԤϣħµĵطǽ꣬Ϊһ壬Ҫ͵ҪħǣʵħʣǿĴߣҲ
ƫƫͳˡ
ƫƫӦˣ޷ִֹħд콾ľٶֱһĸⰡܲʹܲɫѿ
޲õֹ
ٴνһ콾ħħһ֣ħֱʧŶ޷סħǡ
ˣδħսϲժĴҩѾȫȳȥˡģѾħΪһ壬κ޷ϣټȥ
ħЦ˵
ɫ䣬һɫûС
αߣȫħսϽ༸ĳɹͨͨΪУôʲôɫƿڴѾǺõģǻù˲ܵ衣
ãһᡣ
׵ͷþա
ҹ콾Ȼ뾡취ɱ˵ħĹڣɱɱȫǹ⣬ʺܽЩ콾ȳѾ֮ϲջ
˵ɣڶ˵ɽףٽϵù޳Լ׵Ҳһŵǧ𡣡ħһ˵
ʧѾˣʹҲ޼£ΨһҪģǽϵù޳ֻҪԸһĴֻۡǶٵѡ
ǵȻȻԡ
׵ͷΪһۻʣͬΪҪһ㣬˵ȥĻĳŵصĻڱеƷ񣬶˲õ˵ΡΪµ顣Ϊκ飬ܶȥԼĳţǵƷҲ˵Ļԭ
ŵˣֵñΡ
Ǻã˵ɣڶʲô
ħɫűúÿһЩ
Ҫҹ伮й伮ʮ伮ޡкԥĿ˵ɫŹ
Ҫ伮
ħҲ¶һ˿ȣȻҪԳԤ֮⡣ΪʨӴ󿪿ڣҪʲô鱦⹦ĳЩ챦֮ġĻҪϸǿǡ
ֻҪҪپңֻ˵Ҫʮ͵ĵ伮ĵ伮涨Ҫʲô飬˵ⷶΧ㣬࣬ʵ˴ţҪóʲô¡򵥵ĺܡֻҪԸ⣬ȫó
ֻҪҹĹ伮鼮֪ħΪΡ
ٴ˵
ã¼򵥡伮ѡеǡ
ħԥĴӦ
ȻҲףΪʲôҪҪҹĵ伮Ҫӵ伮жҹӵи˽⣬ǿ̽ҹй伮ӦҹĹơţǵõЩ伮Ҳ޼£ҹʵһЩ伮ͿԱԵġ
ȫһЦ
οҹ˽Σƨ£ֻħ𣬹ҹ㣬ֻҪǾһжãֻԼûҹ㡣
ˢˢˢ
ֻħּ䣬һ伮糱ˮӿ֡ħУרŴŵ伮ĵطҪȡȻǼΪķ㣬ңóҲԭֻӡĸӡԣǲһ֮顣
иֹ伮еıʼǣμǣǡԴľȵȣ壬ʿ廨ţ£ʣ֮ңħݣղصĵ伮˵ʵڵģһģͨģûа취۾
˵ͨ伮ʵҲǱȽһ㶼ƽ
伮ڴ˴󣬰ﱾӴùˡ
ħ𷢳һߡֱ˵
Ҳ⣬ּ䣬Щ伮ȡսСȡĹУѾй̽飬Ȼûĵ伮Ҳûʲôûʲôֽš
棬ħŵġ
ܺã˽״ɡ̻ʣϵù
жߵ̻ʿ˵
̻ǱЩ⣬Ǽǵñħһӵ顣ôԸпˣβԸ⣬ҲһҪӡ
ֻܲ鲻ԸŰֲħǰſڶħһһ֣̻֮̽Щù֮Ѿ˸̵⣬øɣͷţȡ
һ㣬ȻҪޱȡ
̻ʵǿ
ù޳ˡ
ħ𿴵ֻо嶼ޱɣʮֵ泩·һεĴɽҿһеĽ˵ֱȥһ룬ҪǱù˵ܣоԲʱضпܻ䣬ǻʽ
ͻȻ䣬Ϳһ̹̻ù˺ֱӳħ׺ݵ˹ȥſھͳħҧȥ
˸󿿡
ħ𿴵ɫ࣬һ󷢺ڡ̻ʾȻҧԼһڣֱͷƤ顣ȫĺëҪոɢùˣٱҧһڣùֻˣֱо仰֪
˲仯Ϊһ⣬ٴԭ̻һڿա
׵ۣҲá
ħܻĺ
ɲر֮£̻ԼҪҧġҡҡͷ˵
аħȻùô򱾻ʣһҪҧ㡣
̻׹˸ֽУȻڼǳ
һֻùĶȮһƽϡȥҲ
ħ𿴵ǳ鴤˵תʧ
Ȼ̻ʴ򶷣δⱻ̻ùٴȾʱ򣬲ĵѪù
ħȻˡ
̻ʹȻ䡣ħҪ˱ᡣ
Ǳаް̻ڣа֣ûʲôаħǰšҲԣң̻ʣһҪӰ
˵̻ϲЩƯȮӦö̻һЩȮҪпва
˵ڶ֮УȮһ壬˵̻ʵȤ
ʿĿħƨһٶߵĻ棬һȻͬʱҲɰԸ̻̾ʵȻǴ˷ָĵز
ಣ
ħתߣҶʱֻ̡ԶһƥٻƳգǽ⣬һ֪ǽжݿաٶ֮죬ڴ󲿷ֶУ˵Сңһݹʮִ
Ȼ쵽¡
ܿľһԽƬ롣
⣬ǱֱĳŰѻƿնƺǳŰѻǹġ
ӿ⵽ڰѻǰʱȥʱ䲻գ֮ѡ˲ϢѾִ
ǽ֮ɢȥǰģȻһɵŮޡĳŮ޵òҲһ޵ĶʣԽӵ׿


1572 ӳȥ
ߺˡ
ҧһϺȡ
Ǵ׵۳׵۵档
Ů޿ǽϣĿϣֱӿѯʵ
˭
п˵Ŀдһ˿ʣǰŮǴûмңҲһĽޣһΪѾ۳
ɽڣƼ׵ۡ
Ů޳лһ˵
ɫһ˿⣬˭ʿеӡ󶼲ọ̀󣬳ǳУû˭ΪѾǴ󲿷еһеľ֧
ԭɽڵĵӡ֪ǰѻǣкιɡ
׵ͷ˵
ɽڲͨţλ֮С
ţλ˵Ĵڣӵе̨ܣ֮ΪʥءŲʵ֮ǿر仯
Ҳ˵ɽУȻе̨ĴܣȻмλͲ֪ͨģڲһʮص顣׼䣬ѵõѶϢ
ţʣʵϣǰķġһͻƣΪţĴʥأҲ׾١
ţǵӣ߳ݵλȻͬгѰӰ
ѩʦǰѰ׵۵ģϣ׵ܹȡ
Ƽ˵ɫء
ѩ᣿΢΢üԺпһӰѯʵ˵ģǳѩᡣ
׵۹Ȼʶѩʦá
Ƽ۾һеѾ²ȷʵ໥ʶġæ˵ǳѩʦã֮ǰѩʦ˵׵ǹʽܶ˻ţû뵽¾Ȼġʵ̫ˡѩʦΣգ۾
䣬ż֮ɫ
ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ѩ˭һ㣬ȻǣǵֱʱԼһˡദĻǢڴֱĻУ˵Ǹ鲻ֻϧΪںϵĹУǱߣѩҲһ𱻴ߡ
Ǳһͨ߳ӶĻֱɢ֮УڽڣҲߡӵǿ˼ҪΪǿߣӱԲʲô̫ѵ顣
ܼŵģʵҲ˼ߣܹȫĳɳҪȻ
ȻѩǱɽǽ֮£ΪɽӣߵݣȻԵõõԴȱ٣ϵȣ˼κУ콾Ϊһǿߣ¡
οе飬Գѩᣬ͸ġ
Ǵһͻû뵽ںô죬ʵĳ֣޷ӦѾɡֲѾˡ
Щ꣬İͬС
ܶʱҪ뵽УΪеĿֻΪѩĹϵʼûѡôҪȻԻ˶Եɱ䡣
ԣѩᣬͬûǹ
֪ѩ﷢ʲôˡ
ʱҲɿѯʵ
ѩᣬҲʮϤġԭȵӡҲ̡У˵ǼΪϡٵĹ֮һϢȻʮ⡣
ħսоһӽսǰҲԽ˻ɱһЩҹаħ۹£ĥսͨû뵽ͻȻ䱻һȺŮӸΧһʵǿ󣬴ﵽ龳ǲУֻܱΧһɽУԽʱֵʱΪɱһޣûиһûбס뵽ѩʦ˵۾ʶԣҪ۾
ƼҲڵһʱٽʲô˵һ顣
ɽߣָ·
ûκγɡ
ּ䣬ֻǰתһ޴ĳƾճǰǰо̫ӣÿһʮֿ£Բκ콾ѷɫڴ˿̣ȴֻѡ
սֺȻ̤ȥ漴Ƽһ֣սͬʱ˵ȹȥŰѻǸϹֱӷѶϢ
ǣ۾
׵ͷӦ
𣡣
ŴͬʱһȻͬȻǰ˳ȥУֱһѤ⣬ٶ֮죬֮ǰƼ֪Ҫ϶١
ߡ
Ƽϵָŷ
ԾսٶȣֱӿԽһսǣеĴҹݸǱһʱ䣬ײķѣ촷ۡȴһ㶼Եᣬһ۳У档
;Уڳѩ顣
ƼҲûٽѩһЩ˵
۾֪ܲѩʦòûѡ֮ѡɽм֮ңʦòϲɱɱһɽղغܾõĹžɾ޳ɱ塣ǰٶ֣аѽңӵбǣʮֻҪ۳ͼһŶͼΪƿƿ۳¶Ϊأ¶أӵ׹ǣ湦ЧУѩʦÿб֮ơޱȰ
ƼУ˿ûжʼ֮ġ
ܿĳһȫǷԷθǸֱɱУΪǿɶֶΣȴʮֱһսҪܳһʱ䣬һӰ졣޵Ľתʱǳܲסͻˡ
ѩͨȴ׾ٵЩơʮֵ档Ȼܵལ޵׷
Խӵܵϲ
˵ѩᲢûսֻǲϲսѡҪսδػκѷɫ
ξô¡ֵЩҹŮӣǷ֮ǰЩ°Ů޵пѯʵ
ЩŮһʵǿֻûκθ飬飬ּ䣬ʮײСнڣֻ¸ͲԵֵǵĹɱ
Ƽ˵
жԶ
ǰ档
һ·̸֪УѾԽƬ룬ǰ棬ȻԿһ޴ɽȳǰ
ɽȣ۾ȥѩʦǾ档
Ƽɫ˵
Ŀĵô
ζĿһɽȣٿһƼ˵
ȻǾԲǴġ
Ƽᶨ˵
㵱ȻǴ磬ȴ·
лû£ּ䣬ͻȻһץסֱۣۼ䣬ͽƼǰɽֱ˦˳ȥĽɽȡ
۾Ҫʲô𡣡
Ƽ޷֮ĳɽȱ˳ȥǾŭ֮ɫƺȫһȣŵı飬еĿ⣬ǲ֮ɫƺʣΪʲôҪӳȥ
Ǳ飬Ҫ޹ж޹


1573 
棬ҲҪƭۣΪĻ֮޷ôӳһû뵽㻹ҳڱǰĪΪ֮Ŀ£˿Կô
ɽȣһ޴ͷǣҪƭ̤ȥΪ۵۾ѾϹô
Ц³һ
ˢ
ƼڰУֱͣվɽǰУЦһ׵ۣȻͬ죬ȻԷֱʥӵݣħеġħޱȣûбʶƹħУԲܳκ㵽ηֵġ
еһͷҪ֪¶òΣڵԪϢħĸ£иɻ꼸һģһǴܶʲôŹ֣ƫƫȴˣңԥĽɽӳȥ
ԣҪ֪еηֵģԼ¶
ֻҪ֪ͿԽֲһΣԳ
Ϊۻ𡣡
һȡ˿ûҪ͵뷨˵ȥлֲʵе飬ȥħ츳ʮֿ£ħһԼ档˵ʵڣոܷ֣ҲʮֵżȻ
ûлɵģֻڵִɽȺ£ɽֱ¶Ŀһž޴ͷ­ͷ­У˸ź⣬һĹź⡣һŴڣ䣬·޵Ԩһ̤ȥʣȻޱȿµĺ
ؼǣǹʶеħսϲûֱҹв֪ʮ־ˡ
ʮֿ¡
һΣֵĿɲһħ߰˸棬ʱ׼𹥻Ҫ⧲֮£еļʣߵˡ
⻹ǻƼԭ֮һ
ԭǣڿɽʱƼоȻһĨڴ˷ܣǷ·ñɫȻһ˿ɫֻһţȴպñв׽
£ֱԲӦóƼС
ټϣϣʼոоЩ׽ƺɲ⡣Լ䣬оЩԾֻ˵ﲻԶѡ
ֱϸ룬ŷ֣ƼϹ仯ƺ֮ǰʥӱõʮơֻһ㣬ѾɡԥӦ
ֱ仯˵ʶɱ䣬նںϻ۽ӦøӵȻܰеĲͬ˲²⣬ȷѾϣڵһʱԥĽǱͷαװɵɽȡ
һٶȻõҪĽ
㱻㷢Σѩǲûм٣棬ҪǣǾù㡣
ʥӿڷЦ
Ȼûдп֪Լ¶Щţ֪ΣһҪ߽Ҫѩ
ಣ
ڻһʱͿһİĹͷƿնӹɢʮֿ£ٶȸǾˡ޷ٶȣ·д˲ͳǰһֻƺģãǹ⣬۶ɡ
ħҡ
Ŀãͫһɫһ䣬ħɲİ
ڿ߰󣬲ûľٶôֱսϣħǰʱҲûκ˼
Կħ׾ٵľڡ
ѪУһ˲䣬ѾĸоԼ걻ӸסˣסˡдݳһɼΪǿҵľʹ
õ׵ۣǵ죬ħ㲻ģ㻹ǵһһܱħһΣûĴε
ͷдһߣȻеľٶЩħʮֵŭоһ衣ؼ䣬ҹ㣬˭ħǴΨֱ֮оȻԹǿħ
ǲħܶ˺
ٹýźݺݵļ̤һ涼û¡
ŭͬʱħдݳ͸ӵǿ
ɡ
ħУһɹǿĴݹҪгͷȥһ̣ɽʧһǧɾ޴ͷ֣ɲ˿вһֵ

Ҳ˲ıֱ
һǿ߸е𾪵鷢ˣ󣬾ȻûндӾսȥͷС·𹴵һɽڹ̺ȥ
ôܣħУ껹ûз֮Ϊʲô鱦һɽҪǰħôûá
ͷУһϴȻ𾪵Ĳᡣ
Ҫ֪ħûа취У˶ûа취ĶǸо͸һͺˡ
ǺǣħαۺΡ
зһЦ
ħȷʵ£ڴ󲿷ʿ˵һУڱһԵֵѣȴţԼħĿǣԹԼȴ뽫Լȥ
ħȷʵȵҪǿÿһѾﵽ鱦ĲΣеĵ̸񣬵껹СǧĺڿռѾȫɱ䵽ǧ硣ɱ䣬ֹһһڶ⡣ҾǺ󺣵ĶԱȡ
һԺѹԪ񣬼һ˲䣬̩ɽ޿ɺ׾پѹסһСħϣǱٽûа취е
۳еһȺӶѡԱº֣ǳ
ЦſħͻȻһ֣һֱץסȻֱѪһɰ糱ˮ㱬͵ħȥ
á
ֻУħλãռ両ֳһţͿһںɫУ·ɫаӰӲǻ棬ʮֹ졣
Ȼһħǿߡ
ϴݳϢ˿龳֮¡
ֻħսƣϱǿһӣֱӱ˳
ܿħȫȫһƺܲɷ֡ȫһ塣
콾һɾ޴ֱӴз˹գۼ䣬ͳǰ
У
ڷɵǰʱ콾ȴ˿ûлң¶һĻЦ֮ɫֻؿں׵ݣΪһڵСвתۿɼٶȷ


1574 
ٶȼ죬գۼ䣬Ѿգ·һֻ޴ĺڶƾճ֣Ӳսȫڣ콾ȫΪһڵСУǺڶ޾ԴԴϵĴݶҪܱߵһУȫɽȥ
УһеһУͨͨݡ
׵ۣνթҪΪĿв͡Уһͨͨҵģ򣬵ϣȫҡһУȫҡ
Уݳһ˷ܵĹֽ
ոڸо޷ʱַҪʱѡ񽫼ƾͼƣɱַʽٿʩչͨ
УһУӶһУꡣֻҪֽȥǾڶ㣬ȫɣңʱԽɢ֮Խӵǿ󣬼ÿתһȦնǣӲת
ΪҪߵģУѡ
ħĿ֮
һһ޵У
ͨѪеһУᱻɣ棬һжûôġǾ޵ԨһС
ã̫ˣоǱǿһģҲѣԽѣѪŵĸ죬ֻҪ޷Уκͨе϶ѡס׵۾ͨı죬Ҳѣϲ麣׵УȻصҹȻõͣӡǰ;
ʥӿ̲סЦ
ɫʮ˷ܡ
һ֣ѳģָŴͨҹ֮УͬΪɵǿ־Ĵڡ»һǵ
ħڸУλһΡ
ھȻĽиֽȥǶôܵ顣
ֵôףֳƿ졣
ɱϣǿǰéġȡĽͣ콾Ϊ֮ģϢرٳɳʱܳΪǿߡ
С
˲䱻ֽȥ͸оĿռ䣬ȫı䣬·ޱߺڶУܱߵһУڷתϣһɹѪǷԪԽԽǿ֮ϯȥ

Ŀãֱӷһ
εΰ˲ϡ
Ľԣڴ˿̣ȴԵòû̫ã־ϣˣ·ֻޡʵڡ
ԶԱûã׵ۣԹ
麣Ц˵лص
ԣá
Ϊסۡδ̫ˡ
вû٣ողһСС̽ѡ̽ж˽⣬ѾףУкڶԣһУң䱾ãʵڱǲڵģȴʵڣ״̬ȷʵ֣ƽ⡣
κͨѪᱻеһʱֽɣ׻ΪС
ˢ
ʱͻȻ䣬ֻУһڵ˿ƾճ֣˿ۿɼٶȷӣдȥͬһڵߡգۼ䣬Ѿ˽ȥеǣ£ƿյٶȱеҪĶࡣ
ʲôˡ
ʥĿãһ˿⣬ɨ˿ֵλãȻԿһɫװһ˿ȾŮվա˿һˣȻС
磬ץס˿
Ů¶֮ɫڷһ
˲ǱˣȻ
ܸܵϴݳٲȻѾӵ䡣˿һۣ·־ᱻȡȥһڤ칦ѾΪ˼ľء
ħսڱ˵һյ֮ءʱпСɶԣСڤ칦ڣˮսϣӶҹаħѪ⾫һΪһʵȻԲ˼ٶȽȡѪȡо裬뼺õɱ䡣
ķѾɱɱǡһδɱгɳң֮㣬õκʿѷɫǿ
ݣΪ¯Աڤ칦Ϊ¯ǧ龫ѪΪϣʥ塪塣
ңıڤ칦ֱЩľѪԪԪֱӻΪıԴ뵽֮Уǿ׳ԴǿԴǿΪھϣκεһ̣ƶ࣬ȴΪСʥ塣
Źޱȡ
ǣѾﵽ൱˼ĲΡ
п£һ㷨ȥȻᱻɣ˿ʮ̺ɷ򣬽Уˮ˿ûбңٳھսǰ߰㳯вƹȥ
ף
ϲ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫû뵽ʱ룬Ҳûие̫𾪣ħսĿֻҪ֪Ȼսĵɱ¾вǰСֵ֡
ֻպóЩȶѣȻϲࡣ
ܵʮϴݳаԵͷЩ꣬ǳɳˣѾҪΪڷ絲꣬ǣˡֻΨһϧǣСʱȴ顣
οͬʱһ˿Ρ
ȻУбѾӦ֣֮Ҳûٳּ֣ס˿սҲһ˲ʧȻ䡣
ˢ
ס˿ʱһɾ˵֮˿дݶ͵Ľгȥ
õȻӱȥֱΣ̡
麣ĿãʱӶҪˡȫû뵽ʱ˴һ֡붼룬дݳ˲䱶εǿڡ
˿̺޷ֵԽȥ·̶С

¶ŭ֮ɫס˿϶ţ˿ߣԴԴϽܱߵ
ϧʵûа취麣ȣˣ죬ɷһ޷ϵĲ࣬˿ʼ޷
ˣƾУκβҡÿƿС
еȻһЦе˿ֱӷſ
ڷſͬʱйâһȻ䣬һɫƾճ֣Ǻڱֵһ˲䣬һεֱӳܱ߳ѹȥ
ʲô
麣ںֵһɲǣ͸оת䣬Ȼʮѣ·һӱޱȳٻһͣ͡


1575 
£
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ڱֵһ˲䣬һεĸӦȻȻĳԺУֻһƣĸܵһֲеڱǰͱѹһ˿޷ǣеȫ޷Աˡ
޷ɱıԴ֮
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޷Ǿ
һеһУ顣
ͺֳӣˣҪõġ
ƣ
зһϺȣ붼룬ֱС
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һϹţһţ漴ͷҵĺУ˲һ¾ķѣ׷顣УĿʼݡ棬һз򳹵׻ң֧顣
бʱȻȻĻصڡ
Щ˵ʵʱ䲻Ƕ̶̼Ѿ׽Уһ̤˳һս۴ϣԵ糱纣
ۣ
б飬ԶȻԿ麣ƾճ֣Ǿ֮ɫոջУб飬Ǿͼͬڱ£ûκֵܹشԴܵش
ܣʲôȻҵжܱ飬ֲܿ棬׵ӵر޷ɡԲһ
麣ɫ԰ףɫ䣬һϺȡ
еľ֪
бƣһϢɢıԵԴܵشսųɡ
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Ȼںʱһ˿ΣյԤףӦͿ󣬲֪ʱѾһ޴ɫŻתԼһˣȻֱײУֹͣԼֱӾռšâһ£ʧ
һĻʥӼǸεѡ
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յĵǵһοռŴ򿪵λ÷Ӳ麣ԼԼͽȥֱǲҾ御
ʧˡ
麣ôƾʧˡ
׵ۣա
ʥӷЦ
ɱûʲô벻֮˵ܻȥκֶΣǺֶΣԵʴȣǾǶԼ̡ˣǾͶԵ˲̡ǸҪ̸Ķ
ƽ˵
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ס
￿УĿȫһϲ޾ϲ⡣֮⡣Ҳûܹȡ磬ҵˣӽҲֿ𡣡
ȻҲֿԺ綼ߡ
׵ͷԥ˵
ڲɵʱǿĿɲոֻѹ麣ѣ߰ڰС·߰㣬ʱпܷһ
ã׵ۣȻõĺܡȻѾˣǾãסһ֮ǰĻʥӿûƭ㣬ѩͱҪ˶ãͻᱻʱؽΪһźԶֲеӾͽ
ʥӷЦ
£ɽѾʧȫȥûκڣһ޴ͷƾճ֡ͷǿʮֹ죬ʲô޵ࡣֻǸо˫յͫУݳޱȣ˿Ծһ񶼱ȥĴ
ʱܿͷǵͫУһ⡣
·һ汦ܿȻֳһĻ档
һȺɽӣһͷһͼƾ轣ͼϮܣȻһҹǿߣϵĳǷÿһΣƺܺͼ⡣
ͼУܿЩɽӷѾľ޴ɫֳ˿˿԰֮ɫ·ʱεڽͼ룬ȻԿһŮ
ŮһϸɢһʥϢ˲Ծһ׽ʲôУУһֻƿզƿУȻһ֦棬Ȼ˿·ܸоϢƺһε¶ˮҶϹʮϲˡ
֦ܻ£һƬ֮£ϺȻȻľ뵽ÿһʿڣ֮ÿϵƣһɨգƶڿٻָԡ˲ͷԵɱ䡣ĵԪ·Ѹٻָ
һλսƴֵܵĹ
һʱ䣬Ա֤ײ
Ȼǳѩᡣ
̲סһڿһɲǣѾϳȷʵǳѩᡣֻͷƽ⣬ѿ̽ʵ
飬̽ǰͷ
жȻ
ԪעȥҪ飬̽ͷǵ
ֻϧΣûа취̽˿ѶϢ·У̺ĳصûа취̽̽鲻
УǱҪɽҪȻ޷̽ͷǵʵ
Ժһͷ
һֱʵͲҪͿʹãҲδǿȥǽ˵Ҳ˷ѾԴδԵЩòʧ
ڴʱѾòںɽĵز
вԥԥԸѾ˾Ϻûгɣһ䣬Ѿʼ
飬ٵʮر
һʱͿһѩ׵ƾճСٿһ֮󡣵ų貵ɫ⡣ʮȻľɽȥ
¡¡
磬Ϊų⣬磬գۼѾʼʻٵصݱֻ̡鱾ͲɱûǿԣٳĿռ䷶ΧռķΧûͻơ
⡣
ռ俪٣ϣȻһ㣬ﵽʮ㡣
ռ뱦ʮ磬ͬʱʼرԴ֮գۼ䣬ڷš
ռ䡣
Сǧ磡
ǧ磡
ʮС¿ٵȴڷš
գۼ䣬Ѿɱ䵽ǧ磬С磬ȫͬ
ҲУɱ䡣


鱦
գۼ䣬ʹӻƽɱ䵽ؽףΪһ鱦
ϣâʢ
˸ճϢø졣
һѶϢȻȻĴдݶԺС
飬Ŀ


1576 
Ƿ̽ıԴⱾ˵۵һݡǵģݡֻҪĿ꣬ѶϢܹѸٵݳ
磬һȱĹֻҪ¼УͿԽݳĹùƷٴɱ䣬̽߾磬ݳϳ˵ķšƵͨԿݳ棬ǿԿ̽Ѫͨ飬ݡ
ݳͨٷϵ۷ȵȡ
ͨĵرѶϢסݳϳ䷽ܽҩݳȵȡ
ޱ
ֻҪԸ⣬ƾ飬ܿ̽ؼܣܹѸٻ۵̣ܹͨԴԴϵݳɣǿޱȡ
ˢ
˸ͻȻ䣬һֻаƴССͯ˳
˺ãҾ;еСͯллҵ
СͯЦңհݼ
顣
鱦ǿģ鱦Իֻۣܶ鱦飬ԻɻΪ첻⣬鱦ںϡȻǿѡġ
Լǿֱ顣
Ȼ飬ԺͽСԺˡ׵ͷû̫⣬ֱѯʵСԣ̽ǰͷǵʲôΪʲôҸоһǿҵΣա
ǣˡ
СԥĴӦ
ڽ鱦̽ѾԵɱ䣬֮ǰ֪Ҫǿٱ
˲Ϣ䣬һѶϢѾԺС
ج֮ţ֮ͷʬ챦ƶΪħһУޱξԻҲ֮ó١
һɲǼ䣬Ѿͷǵʲô⾹ȻֻͷǣһţһͨجĴšһ̤ȥʣͻξ֮УجԴԴϵϮֱС
Ȼ
һ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ݹżأϹޡ
žƣΪϹޣǿ
ƴĺ׾ڡޡеļءߣǡϬĿţβ㣬ϷɽУƤͼαаɴ˼ؿɿΪ޵ıаܡ
ڴ˵Уÿһձɫҹɭ̣ǾסĵطʳǵجΣᷢͬȥУ˯֮ǵجءһһСڳǵج֮ĵȥ
ֻǴ˵ʵϣȴ˵ҪµĶࡣجεûʲôǴһҪجУجȥ
񣬲ʬǣһħȻج֮ţǼ򵥣һȥ˵ج֮У޷԰Σѡ
Щ˵ʵ򣬲գ֮顣
ٴζһأһǧ磬ң鱦ǰʵҲ̽е顣
磬ǰ治򵥣ҸоΣǱһȥϡ
ĸ֪ͬʮ֪ج֮ž֮רΪΪµ塣ңֻ֪ѩʶк˳ƶΪٲġ
ξµġΪξУ˭ᷢʲô
һֻпһ˲䣬Ϊޡǰһһ̾ͻܲĩս٣ξ£µξŲȷûжԣκ鶼пܷʲôƣ޷ξ硣
һȥ˭֪ᷢʲô
ٺ٣׵ۣҪûеӣǾ͹ԹȥѩһɫˣˣҼôȥ˵ǼһĴѰòŮӣΪ¯һλϺõ¯ֻҪһһüǮ
ʥӵĻج֮д˳
кڵ¶һƼζ
棬ȻǼò˵ȷʵѾŭۣج֮ΣΪһج֮ţĿ˼ɣôȻҪ۽ȥǱ۾ǵ⣬ǵк͡ɱңҾɱǡ
һϸֳһ˿䡣
ΣųѩѣҪˣһӶᰲȡ
磬ҲҪȥ
￴У˵ɫһ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
ȻԸжһǰȥա
ãһȥһج֮šܸǴʲôجΡ
еȻһЦ׵ͷ
һ棬ͬҲЩģΪѾ㲻ʵͻϡ
һ䣬Ѿج֮ǰ
֣һ䣬̤С
ˢ
̤ȥ˲䣬ʱͿج֮ų貵⡣ϵĴдݶ·Ƕħĵ
֪УĳԺϯ
УҪԪ鶼֣ʧǡ⡣䣬֪ڱΣԼںηԼ˭ԼΪսεɶУʧⲻǷӡǡ
ǳɱС
У֪Լ˭ȡһٵļ䡣Զĳٽȥһδһδγ٣һδμ
Щһڣոոоһ˿ҪԺļ֮һöлصͬʱһ˲ͽ¾ѡ׵õϴӡָһ˿
а
ӣ
ѹ鱦ɲǿЦġѹһЩа޷ͻƲ

ת漴ߣֻƺһ˿ãҪɱ䣬һһڵľѾͷζ䡣һͷڡ
ج֮еܹ죬ոо־ܵѹƣ䶼ҪӡҪǸֻ֣ҲҪС
ץסеֱۣһĨɫ
̧ۿͷľӣ¶档
Ǿӣλ鱦Ծ굴ǣѹ񣬲Ԫܵаʴʱ걣ѣϣ㻤оڣج֮Ҳɱ񡣡
п˵
ӸңǸô졣
æ˵
޷лػجϮľͺáЦ˵ͬʱʼйעܱߵı仯
ܿ⣬һƬޡ
ֻѾкج֮ԴԴϵĻۣȻڿʼݱһجοռ䡣


1577 جϮ
һкﱻج֮ɱֱӳξУج֮Ȼξ֮ʴݱӦĻþݱޱȱ棬ݱڶ磬ʵĲǼٵģû𣬳˳С
ξĿ֪֮УѾ١
ΣҪʧȥ䣬ʧȥΪսݱ磬ǿģУ߳ɵļʻ֣ңҪجϮĻǾͻữΪجеһ֣ԴԴϵΪج֮ṩ޾ج֮Ϊج֮ŵһ֡
ξԤ⣬˼ɵһ㡣
ûԸԡ
ȴΪԪкﶼûجεϮУԱѵǣһ㣬Ȼج֮ûа취ʩչˮܵķӡ
Ȼج֮ŵֶȻֻһ֡
ǲһֶζѡ
ҪѣȻӿµֶӦԡ
ˢ
ܿһɵۣգۼ䣬ܱߵշ·ٵذ㣬һԲ˼ٶȿʼݱ䣬һ֡գأľȵȣһɲǼ䣬ƾճ֡ɳֵģȴȫоͻ·𣬱Ӧġ
е˼
пһĨɫ
磬ʲôطج֮ݱʲôجΡȻôߵ¥֣ǰһп¥ơ
Ĵܡ
ܱߵ磬һִˣİĳУһʶĸ¥áһֵϣˮܼܸܵȻĶÿ˵Ŵ磬ڲͬܿʮԵ𣬴ϣŮ̻¶¶޳ĳȣȹӣụֻ̂и̡
ǻ棬΢΢ü¶һ˿ϲ
ȻǺϰߡ
ִ֪硣
վλãһǫ֮̃ϡ
ִ磬ϵǷɻ
һȻ俴ִ磬˵ʵڣҲʶܵһ˿·ͻȻصں֮ǰһ
˵ģȷʵһεĸо
ȻȷʵΡ
ʵֿܹġ
2019923Ǵֱ俪ʼӣںϵĿʼ
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Ż£ܿͻȻ俪ʼڰƬƬƳ֣̫ʼʧ
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ڴСУ̶ľЩֱӴӵܶ˶еĤƣѪ
֪ж
ңǸһһʡֱӸ磬κʱ̣κλãȫһµ
ϲԵŭĩյĺŽǡ
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ϸںϣشֱ䡣ҲǸҵʱһԪĵԪĹɣҲԪĿʼ
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ںϵ飬ʿ֮䣬ʲô̫ص飬ܶ綼֪ںǻսʵÿ˵ԼٵģʱǾʵڣѪ⣬Сǻš
ʱԴû˲档
ج磬ĿһΣҲǲݴĻԵ
꣡
ֻٴδһµ˺
˷׷̧ۿա
һ̾ͿУͻȻһε£ǿ˺ѳһѷ죬Щѷ죬дС飬鲼գ񷡣·񷶼ĴһѺۡǻ棬ʮֿ£ͬ
˳ѷ쿴ȥԿѷУֵĲޣһƬƬڵľ󣬷·ͨ޵ԨÿһΪ䣬סƺͨĳ޾Ԩ˸е¡
Ļ棬˲ĴӴܡµǶʼ
ңǡ
ÿһĻ˴Ŀġ
ɢ
ң漴ͿЩѷԴԴϵ緢ͬһµĹﳤӡһۿȥͷƤҪ飬ԲģֱӾͻιȥ
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ɽˣ
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ħ棡
пŴѷԴԴ緢ĸֹҲ΢΢ȡÿһֶ൱£ָĹѷԴԴϵɢٳ׹䡣
ֱ֮࣬޷ԹĴڡ½һųУŽҰȵȣֱûκǣء
Щȫ׹⡣
綼֮С
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Сĵ㡣ξУЩãʵһڶ
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֮ǿȻ˿龳ǿѷɫӿ񱩡һ֣ǻءκء
һ㶼ûõĸо
ûеͿһͭսìƾճ֣˲仯Ϊһ޴⣬˲Ӿദǿжȥ
飡
һ£ؿֱӱؿըһ޴Ķڣ˳ǰܿ󱳵Ļ档
ӦĻᶼûУһ
𣡣
ֻܷһʵŭ𣬸źȻ飬عء
ö˾ج֮ҪǷŹˣ̫˷ѡ
ȴûֳ֣ͣžλһץһѪɫ岻ϻۣȴһ̣ʧܣ֪ʱһֻ߲ʰ쵵ĺϢĳ֣ܻų򣬺Ȼ裬ھλãط衣
ڷУƺһɹûУֱʧ
ֻôۣڳֺϵ߲ⶼ䲻ɻɫܱۡ߷š
ɣң
ج֮УξеξҪج֮ج֮һУܣһԣ⣬ج֮ǲʧֻӡ


1578 
һ仰ڹġʼնج֮֮ڡȻȴٴλۣ½ݱ䣬µج磬ȫµξһУ֮ı䣬ν쵽¡һԣξǻɱٶ࣬Ҳֻù
һʱ䣬ٴݱµجΡԣξУٶκӰ졣κεʹ
ڣЩج֮ȴϢУʧ
ձɱͬữΪج֮һһľج֮ľج֮أɢУӪ޾Ŀ־塣
Щج֮ҪʿԵĻֻûа취ܹռõɶ˵ǲǰǰһʳ
λõڣϢ䣬Ѿܱɢݳج֮ԴԴϵɽȥںУεһǿ׳֮ƶ׳
ңɵЩج֮ج֮ŵ
˳ֻкôûл
ȻǺֶΪ
꣡
ʱͻȻ俴Уһڵ绮Ƴաбֱĺٶ֮죬޷

飡
Խ飡
ǵ̺ƿУ·ͻȻõĳĸ棬˲䱩ǣǵٶȿ쵽˼飬һ˲䣬ͿԽһΣֲһ֮£һԽ龳ǿߣֻ棬Ҫ磬ȻǲܣξУȴ׾١
ڹΧڣҪǿжǿһֻϣ׾ɵأݻһСҪһ˲ǿǲ򵥲ҲξĿ֮˭֪һֻСǲһͻɿ
á
Ŀãɫ΢䣬붼룬еĺɫ˿ʮ𵱳ɳڰţգۼ䣬ѾΪһڵħޡ޿ڶ׼磬ӭȥ
飡
ħдݳǿ˲ͽ˽ȥȻ̽ȥһ˲䣬ħһ±ֲ磬Ѿħ޵ֱĺ˹
赣ģΪ磬ԵֵĹģиڣһжõġ
ĿãһɷȻȻĹעڣ԰׵ɫѸٻָͬʱһڽɫˮƾճ֣ǰϡ
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ֲĺУͿһ׳أȻͱ׳ɽȥ·һ˴Уȴ֣񷭹˸ƺҪ׳أٴŰܱߡֻǣ׳صƲ֣֯һ𣬷·һƬ磬ǵ糹ڡ
Ȼ㹻£㹻Ե
׳ȴ鱦ңӵһǧΪǿ̺ܡҲ֮׳Уͷ·ǽ֮ˮ󺣣ҪӴܣȴʼձ׳СӲѹס޷ѡ
׳ؾʹӰʧ
ĿãеĿиӵͣ־ΥİȫУӿֳиߣǿԸо޾İȫõķ꣬ΪᵲǰΪԼڷ絲ꡣΪԼеļǿܡ
ˢˢˢ
类ѹߣⲻǸոտʼ˲ͿУһƥ㻮Ƴգۿɼٶȳڵλ
ÿһöܿſԽԽ󡣷·һöö޴ޱȵĻ򣬴ױȵٶǼдŷ󺣵Ŀֲ֮ײÿʱÿ̶ڱǡһԽдݻ٣ΪһƬ档
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һµľСж飬һƬ棬УҽɡĻ棬Ƭ򣬳׻Ϊ𺣣ϯɢϢ
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ܸܵЩһڿ󣬻֮ǰ֪Ҫ¶ٱ̺ǻ棬ǻ֮֮龳ȥҲᱻճɻҽ
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пһ䣬ֻһ淨ѾͷսϣȻܿһľ޴Ӱף졣
ֺ󣬶ʱͿףڷһϺȣϷ·ֳһУֻҪܱߵĻһʱͱףȡȥսԽӸǡȴûжսµкκ˺ٶĻ棬һ᳹ɡ
ڻУλõǻķţÿ𶯳򣬶кج֮ϢʧѾٱɡ
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ǳѩǾѾجбΧ
ج֮Ӧͬһξ硣ڶجΣüȴȥȥѰңξΪһֻҪһɱңξѡج縡ơ
׵ͷ
ؼģǴǰĩجȥ
ȻҪĻѣҪôǵȵجֱӱߵͷʱнҪȻǿлξ״Ƭռ䡣ǿξ顣
ת
һ
Ҫȥвûа취ֻȴûѡȥ
Ըجݱ䣬ԴԴϵĳ֡ޣ֣ϯֻЩѣûдвǲӵǿ̵УȴһδεʩչֶΣЩѲϷ飬УȻ
˿ûΣ
һδݱУج֮ԴԴϵıλõɵΪĵ̡֪У綼˲СšԴõӡȫһٷʢʢ͡
¡¡
žͿجݱ䵽ʱͻȻʼݣͷ㣬޾֮ˮй£ܿռ䣬ƺ綼ڻֻȫǴݻһУ黹Ʒͨͨڻ
ǻ棬˸κϣֻо
ĹУǿУܶش


1579 ս
ɲš
һһڰɫƾճ֣д̤ϣܲˮǵصҽ棬ĿռȵȣֻҪͻᱻŵססǵػˮ磬Ҳ޷ڴУ綨롣
ǧֶΣԁȻ
һ׵ۣ㻹һ౦۾е鱦ôô࣬Ͳ±ֱ̫࣬д
ĿجеƤë˲ٿһδαóĸ鱦ڰеʥӣֱ۲ĲУǼʵĲУŭĲС
鱦ΪǴײ˰
龳ǿߣֻܴۣóһ鱦Ѿ൱ס뵽мֱ޵׶鱦ܸͨһһһãȫǲ
׳أǴף졣
ڻóš
ʥҹ콾Ҳһ󼵶ʡ
ֱ˷ָ˷ָ
һҪɱǾǶǵһֳ
جοռеΣȻʥǣֻڰУʼû׳ֹֻǣϲٿج֮ţجԣԼԳ֣ҪЧĶࡣϾռơ
جУԽج֮Խ龳ǿһ㣬ܵħս̫ѹƣĳ̶ֳϣԽһЩǿпɱ
ֻǣֶΣκβ
һ㣬ʥͷʹѡ
û뵽Ļ֮ûа취ˣŶסػˮ磬ѣ̩ɽ
ùץסѩᣬֻҪŪУƺĳ롣
ʥЦ˵
ج֮УŴج磬Щج磬𣬲Ȼסѩǵجοռ䲢ֻûбجϮֻѡجݱ䣬סѹȥ
ϸȥȻԿ
һѪɫ硣
ƬУѪɫɱ¾Ϊж¶˿˿Ѫ⣬ɱ¾Ϣ
һƬѪ硣
ѪУȻԿһµµϿգһͼң⽣ͼϣܿб˸ÿһǹⶼһϬĽ⣬µڡУܿ߿˸ǳâս߸ңϴ
ͼУȻܿʮʿһƴת󣬲Ͽս貽⡣𶯣ϱǿķâ
棬ܿµ⣬ѪУһĿѪԴԴϵð˳ÿһ𣬶࣬ĿĿ¶׹⣬һ۳ľͳŹµɱÿһɢϢ˿龳ѷɫ٣ǲбޱȡ
ԽǿԽܸоɢĿֲϢ
ѩʦãֻҹаħ֮Уոյֵһ֧ȴĪƬѪУԲֻǻþʵڡ
ܿڽУһ֮ǰһģһŮƼɫص˵
ⲻͨ壬þ˵ʱԼ棬ΪʵֻͨѾѰʿʦ˵һĻõܣǿͨҲС֪ôġĴܣҪɱǣ¡
ѩһ˵һ֣ξ֮ʹξ˲Ծξ磬ξƿأУǱԣ򼸺ʵûУ᲻ϳԣճ١ξеһУΣһ㣬ԵģʮơҲ²⣬ǿѾξ硣
൱µ顣
ξУҪҲ뿪ķǼûõ١ʱ䣬ռ䣬ȫú塣
ʦ֣ʦֵΪߣ㣬֪ʦûʲôð취Ѫеÿһ龳սʱڿ֧ţʱһҲᱻơʱǾΣˡ
Ƽһѯʵ
ü䣬һ˿ڴȻ⽪ʦĿеĵλʮֲ͡ʦֵҲˣһΩհı顣
ҪλʦֵܵˡӦج磬ʦ˵УŸؾؾ硣ڸӦĿռڵԽ֮⣬磬磬Ϊξۣ֮Ĺ硣㲢档Ҫ޿׽ֻ˯Уǰ磬ʿµĽ֮һΪξУֱûκιɣŲȷԡУûеƣǴܶС
ֻһҲûһ˿ֹۣԸþҲҪξξеһУֻһ仰˵ȫǲûйɡйǿ󶼲£¾ûа취ԤĶʱпһ뷢˭޷ֹ
ټһ㣬ξҪ룬ԲһͿġ
˭ѵġξѡ
ⲻΣξ硣
µġ
ξһµĿʼ
һ㣬ѾԾܹ֮ǰѾξ磬ÿһε󣬾ͻֱȫµξ硣ңһαһΣգһαһο¡
ѹԴԴϵӡ
ʦ֣˵εʱֻҪԼξȥͻ˯оѣȻξְ֪취ܲƬξռ䡣
ѩ΢󿪿˵
ķʽ
Ȼڵδͬ˭޷ȷξУǷĿȥ
ഫڹżмأҪ磬ʵУһý飬ý飬Ǵξʵһ꣬һֶֻΡýģһ㡪㣬Ҳл㡣ڽʱȼ㣬һȼɢǿн˴úξʧ١ԼͿʱصͨ㣬ξתء㣬Ҫڽ֮ǰȼУڱ˵ҲҵҲûá֤ǲܹξ룬̫Σˡ
Цҡҡͷ
󣬲ڵҩ֮£ΪϡٵԵʣҪӵѵáżյģ֮٣ӲҪ˵ƻƷײ͵㣬͸ѡ
ʦΪеһ֡
ûۼ
пξһ㣬һĿܣδؾܸߵȥؼǣ̫ΣˣҪˣȴ޷ξ
ȥԣȥһ˿Ŀܡ
һߵ
˼սᣬҲδǿʼǣôʥӣԳȫǡ
ʱȻԿѪϣһӰƾճ֡Ƽģһģһϣ˿


1580 
Ƽʦ㣿
ԣôƼʦ㡣
ٵģ϶һǼٵģǼٵġȻҼðƼʦòɶʵ̫ɶˡ
ʥƼò֣ʱһȺɽʿɫ䣬¶һ־ŭı飬ﲻ˵ðòֱ̫
еƼ϶ġľһǼٵġ
֪ƭǣҪ⸱òǰֱǳôֱ̫ɶˡ
аħȻƼʦòʦ㣬ʦΪаħĸšãһǷĿξһὫӡ£һ飬Ǿˣû飬ǿ롣һֵ֤á
ʱֻһɫҵӺԥ˵
ȥֻαԽԽ⣬ԽԽ£ûκ壬ˣƴһ˵ܴҵһ
Ϊ¹һΪͬףѾﵽԪ񾳣Խ޵׺淥Ҳ¡ɽڡ׽䡷Ƣ뽣ʮϣɹǰԵףףһͱȻС
£һӣѾһö˳
ΪԷһ
ͬʱһ䣬ȻԿһ˸ɫķɽڷɽϣȻԿһööǳ˸ճһĽơϣܿзͼơء÷ɽϵķâӷ񣬻ޱȡ
кüֵģһ߷ɽ֮ɱУһǧնͷһ߽⹥ɱ֮һ򷨣Ͻ⣬ɨ£һ֣ݺ˷ΨҶҡ֣˵˭ǿ˭ڵĽ޴
ɽڣ󲿷ߵĶǷɽ֮ɱС
ɱ
¹Щûκγɡһ䣬Ѿ̤ķΧǿڱɽ׽շ𣬶¹Ҳһ˲䣬̤˹ȥɽײʱȻȻȥ
ط˽һ
ط˲Ϣ䣬ʩչķɽսֱӱңһ˲ʮֻҪ۵ġһʩչ˽һԻȡһʱǿսھУתս֣ڽطܵˣпֱӵһ硣ûе䣬ҲҪԪ𣬸ܵˡҪֲͲһѡ
ԣ򲻵ѣûκνԸʩչ˽һطһʩչһ³ʲôпܷ
ɣһ̣¹㹻ʩչûаԥ
˽һ£ʱͿڷ׽ϵķâ˲䱩ʮ
漴תƿռ䣬ȻΪһƣγ쫷磬գۼ䣬ͳݱһƬƷ籩磬ڷ籩˸ǣؼԪΪ֮棬ֻǷ֮һ־Ľ⡣
ޡ⽣Σ
ǽ֮УΪ˵ֶΡɽһиˣǽ޵ĸɱֳΣһΪֻɽʹȥ˲ֻ⣬ͬ򽣺գһڻһһĲɱǿֻܷٽ⣬Ϊйء
ڶΪ⽣Ρ
УԽɽ⻯Ϊ̬ͬĹ磬ΪƣˣУ̺Ž⣬⡣âԶɱǷҪһ㣬ǾͱҪٴﵽͼϵΪ
ΪޣǲϽϣ뵽ɽ֮УڷɽγɽͼɽǱͼɽ⽣Σʵ򣬾ǽͼʩչͼͨԣʩչӰԵâǿʢڸʿϵУλǰé
Ϊ˿
ڶ㻯οֻһ֮ʵеĲȴ֮ɽ˿ÿһƽ˿Ƕ̺иյ޾âڽ˿ǰκᱻ飬ǵشÿһƽ˿Ƿâ̺ŶصĽ⣬֮
׽һΪ˿ÿһƽ˿â޾̺֮и֮£κ׶Ҫĸӿ¡;ˡ
˵˿֮󣬻һΣǸȴʮأ˭ܹ֪Ҳ˭ģһﵽһʵؼ䣬ݺ˷ҡ޼ɡ
Ȼ¹ûֲΣֻﵽڶΣ⽣ΡֱӻΪƷ籩֮ױǡ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿʥǰ
һޣȻ⽣ΣȷʵҪǱʥӾͳȫ㡣
ʥӿ¶һĨ֮ɫʩչ˽һ¹ǰҲûκСӡĳ̶ֳϣѾһвҪӣ˵⡣
ɲҪġ
һ̣ȻԿһӴ·һھ޴콣ֱײƬƷ籩ϡһʱܿ쫷磬ҪӴɢƬױ𡣲κ档
࣬һΣµϯ
ˮȴʤȴ
κ籩ȥԴԴϵıӳȥһľˣת֮û̫Ӱ졣籩ڲϵĥ
Ƽʦ㣬ǲġӽаħôʩչĽѧңȻôҲ̫˼ˡ
ڽͼ£ʿĿãһȴ¶ޱȾɫȻʲô𾪵顣
ʥʩչģƼĽ
һ㣬νʮֵĺˡ
ʥӣһﵱͱɹʩչĶսѧγӦǸƼʦõòһΪսơ
һ˵
ɫҲ¶һ˿ء
Ȼɲʲô¡
ʦҪ֧Ųסˡ
ѩĿ⼱е˵
ܿĽѾʼֳʤ࣬ˢ֮£籩ûˮУңˮ˲䱩ǣƷ籩ȫɡⶼûг֡
꣡
ڽУһ
ϸȥȻԿ֮ǰ¹µĻϣһѺƾճ֣ڵһʱӣӲ飬˭޷ֲ
ˣʦˡƬξȷ
Ƽɫѿ˵

һ̣ͻȻֻһڵĹ׵Ĵƾճ֣һֺ㻮ƳգŽͼϯ
ãѩʦãСġ
Ŀã¶һ˿ŭƽ£ܿһǹƥնƺҪǧΡ˺ѱ顣
Ѿ⹳ǳųѩȥġ
꣡
ȻǹĽ⣬ڹնȥȴûһֱӴû˿谭ʮֹ죬ʵ
գۼ䣬Ѿڳѩǰ
㣡
޿ɶ
Ѿһ˲䱻


1581 
ħһ׷ɱĺǣҲҪУҪӱܣûǿʵǲܵ飬ֻҪ޷ΣͲһɲǣҪôǿֹҪôֻܱܡֻеʱһЩƶѡ
ѩȻ¶һ˿֮ɫȴûг׻ңִƿժһöҶҶȻȻĿʼŴ󣬻ΪһɫǽǰҶУϢƺܿҶ棬ֳѩӰ
꣡
ħƿռ䣬ֱûҶУһ˲䣬黯ʵҶǿйס͵ȥ
е˼ȻҶ֮ϣһַħе˼ʥĿã¶֮ɫ
Ȼû뵽еһȻƽ⡣
ͼƿ

һʩչҶϽӵ˵ϢԴ汾ֵһǱĶͨطĵҶȴҪ»ۣٴǱҶ
ܵסһΣܷ񵲵סڶΡ
һ
ţͿħƺҪٴ˦ȥ
ߣһȺùĳҲεº֣壬ô
ʱһĻƾճ֣ŻȻԿУ֪ʱȻһֻ߲ʰ쵵ĺԵʮֵλãϣȻ̤ӰһһŮվһɾһ֣ʱʥӵɫԵüΪѿ
ôܣجдźجοռ䣬ôô졣
ʥһ˿ŵĿ⣬ʡ
˵جοռԱ۶ԣʲôɿܵĽֻҪԸ⣬κξУȥ硣¹ЩجζѡҪج֮Ա壬ǳ롣
бзһߣĮĿʥӣȴǿһۺҲûмڶۡһͽĿ⿴
ǡ״磬𡣡
ѩȴڿеʱһӲ漴¶޷ŵı飬еϲȴôڲסġ
ڵںϷʱͲֵӰ쾹ȻĳԼǰ־ϲ뼤Ѿ޷ݡ֪УѾ²ĥӡǡ
ҪУԼڴֱУѾ޾ĹС
ɽУ֮࣬ҲʱĻУ𵱳Ļ澳һδεش£֪оȻڶ̶̼ʮʱУѾٳ׵۳ؼһ˳ɾͷǷ˿ɱȡò˵
Ŀãĵļ޷ơ
ȻңʮûѩɱǰҪƯˣҪֻһȷˡеȻһЦ׵ͷ˵
ܼˣһõ顣
ģڣǶٵԼİΣϵ˵жųѩ˵һ䣬ܿµĺѾµǰһ߲˸ѩϢľͱŲƵ֮ϡ
ɽڽ׵ۣл۾
пڵл
ҲǰȻȻԼ׾پͱŲƵϵľٶǱϿôƽҪһ㣬˭ġŲƵĹУӦĻᶼûСѾɡ
ɼǶôµ顣
ҪԵУû˿İտԻʤ
һгɳĵȻߵֲΣ˵ʵڣĿãҲŻȫǳ֮顣
кܶʿҲ۹жž֮̾ɫ
״磬ڸôܴȥ
ѩѯʵ
ɵĻȻڲʲôõʱȥҪġ
õģج绹סҡö˵ھʹǳȥеȻһЦѾƬռļƻ
ߣЦج֮ţ뿪ֱڣΪԼң߾ߣδЩ̫Ƿ۵ס
ʥӵҹ콾һɫࡣֳױӵĸоֱһŻĵȼաΪ콾ԸսҲԲԸ衣
бҪǷ۵ô
к˵
漴һҪ߶µλõҪج֮ȥ
һ̣ͻȻ䣬ֻһֻλõʮƵĺ֪ʱƬռУֻϣƺܸܵһִңڵϡ
裬ÿһλӶ򣬶ܸܵ޾ڵĸо
һʱǰһʱں
ߺͣҵġ
һɶûУô޾ң
գۼ䣬Ϳֻȶһ³ͻȻѪج磬Ȼ俪ʼ飬ͷ·һ澵ͻȻ俪ʼһľʮֵ𺳡
䣬ƬռѾһε£ֱ顣
ЧӦ
һĻ˺ЧӦ˵صһΣһֻӶһ³صһˣͻȻһ籩ĩս٣ӰǺӰ졣
ٲȻƬռ䣬ƺΪһֻױ
Ĵڣ˶جοռĸڡ
׾ٵռȶ£ױ顣
ңƬѪܿѪڱź裬ج磬ҲڲϵıһһֱǴĿģĿࡣֳľ
ʲô״ôȶ򣬾һجǲ˼顣ѩŴͣ¶֮ɫ
ԲͨĺȴƫƫоʲôĲ
ҲԸ̾
ⲻҴġ
΢΢ҡͷֻûмԲԼģôģǲڿٲҹһģڰǣһξج֮ѾԴԴϵıλõɣ뵽ڡΪϡ
ڿռ䣬ڲٶȻξֱӱΣج֮࣬ӵɼ򵥡
ˢ
Ƭ̼䣬Ϳ֪ج顣ţ裬һ߲ʵͨƾճֻ֣ȻȻͨС˳ͨȫԿΣһ۾ͿλħսС
ͨͨ죬ھͳȥ
Ŀã׵ͷ߶λõųͨУգۼ䣬ͳħսϡجοռǿ
ˡ
ǻصħսˡ
ֻڣʲôȻôǴξд
һ̤جοռ䣬϶¶ɵɫһ۾Ϳλãج֮ǰ档ѾŶ
ʱȻԿֻͻȻٴγج֮ŷ˹ȥ


1582 ׯ
޾Ȼңκε̳֮ڡ
ˢ
ڿج֮ʱֻج֮һ˿λ֮ɫƾʧƺѾ׶ߣȻֻһգûϡ
׵ۣãһΣһ;Բôˡ
дʥӱĻȻεûдﵽĿģеŭʼûƽϢһ壬Ƶµһ壬ܴﵽĿģȻòҪûĿģҲǳһһǣ٣ԵĿ
ܶ̽ĵơ
ô
Ͼֳֻⷢѩݣµһ֣Ǿ׼ҪȾ׼壬ǻĺ޷ġ
һΣĿɲֻ壬һе콾ج֮ţ鱦ոجıج֮ŻвСӰ죬ǻλõɴج֮ʧСȥ
ϧˣʧһξ鱦ҪȻҲһʴջ񡣡
ֻج֮ȥ΢΢ҡҡͷһº͵Ļ
֪ǰ˭һĳܹл
п˵۾ȴֱֻϡ
лµֻλõɲ򵥣ûƶҲԴողҶֽŶѡ׵֡
ϹâһȻԿٴοʱѾΪһɫ۵ӣһȻܸ֮ܵ˺һڡһ۵ӡ󣬿νʮֵĺãû˭ܶУͬһֵҵĶϡ
ȫܸܵһִңڡ
ǰš

ü¶һ˿⣬ڶԷϣȫܲκ仯ޣʱпܳ˷ȥĸо֪Բͨʿ
ӲҪ˵ĿùһӣֱôƬξĻ档
ֻһ㣬ǰʿһεǿǿߡݶ򵥡
ƶׯܡ
Ц˵
ʲôׯܣ
仰һʱ϶¶֮ɫе𾪣ȫԱɼׯ˭ֻҪ˵ȥ˭˲֪˭˲
ׯʷϣµĺۼʵ̫ˡ
ׯܣֱ֮ΪׯӣǻĴս˼ҡѧҺѧҡׯܣݣ˵壩ιˣιδ˻ҪѧѧׯѧǼ֮սʱڵѧɵĴǵѧɵҪ֮һӲΪׯ
֪ׯܵݵλڵ֮У֮䣬żΪҪλá˭׼ġ
ׯΪǧŵģǾׯε
ׯһ죬ͻȻμԼһֻƮƮʮ⡣
ʱȫԼׯܡһˣԼׯܸеʮ־ɻ룬֪ׯαɺأǺαׯܣ
ңңׯһ׷ĴңڡȻң˺һ
侳֮ߣʥˣׯܶоԵʸǰȥľ磬κδͨѷɫѾ߳Լĵ
ԭׯǰϻˡ
ɽڽ޷׷ݼһεİݼӵʽׯء
ׯϻ˵š
öﲢǱֻΪңڣԣΪңɢˣң˶ԡֶѣһųƺˡׯңңңϻҲҡк𡣡
ׯܵȻһЦƽ˵
еѣܸо
мˣ˵ǴңĽҲЦ˵
Ѿ֪ׯܵݡ
ģ϶Ǳ𣬶һתҲ֮ǰ˲ࡣٴ֮Ȼ뱾ʵҲû̫쳾ң
׵ȣƶЩС£׵۽׵۳˳գܹӵаҵϢһƬһ㣬Ĵ󹦵¡׵ȣƶ
ׯЦ˵
ˣȻǾͲô뿪ȥδ˵вô֮ǿѻѾˡһȥ˵ĳʦ⿳ʳסãǰռһЩʳģó⿣ʳǰõһЩʯ֮⣬ټϾͷߵ⡣һʳ
Ц˵
һߵѩᣬĿдһ˿ܿ͡ѻѾڲԶڿٿʱ䣬㹻ѻǸϵ
ʯ֮⣬ͷߵ⡣
ׯ۾΢΢һæ˵öɶǺöʯ֮⣬ǧϡޱȣͷߵҲɶáټ϶Ĵգʳȷʵݴ
ң֮֮
Ʒʳһʮİáں쳾Уʳɸһ֡ڱʯ֮Ȼû˵ֻǣⶫ̫ټˡл׿ƷȻ޷ܵջ
۾
ѻѾִк󣬷׷׿ڼ
߰ɣȻذѻ˵
漴˵
ҲûﱾǹѰеģЩɽڵʿڴױкģҲһĺøУлۼʶһ´׵ĵ̣ȻӲܾŹĴʱ
׵Ĵڣɲǲ档
ڣۿǽľŽʿе𺳣Ũ
ȻеĽʿÿһŲѷɫͼ۷սܶ඼ѾͻƵླֱɥĲ˷ָʲôþݳ޵Ľླͨʿʹãⲻ˷ָʲôĿ
ͨʿٶͼ۷壬иǷླֱɳ
׵۳ĵ̣̫ˡʵκһ֧ţкͨŵǿʵǿɲһ˳ǿ̡һɳȷʵͨܿġ
оԵģ˳ȴûУֻҪʵͿԲϷչ׳˵ǻۣģǱۼһܱŷ
ռٵӡ˳ȴڼǼǧڵİѡ˲ţӿֳ˲ţԴԴϵġôȵˡ
ӲҪ˵Ǵ׵۳
Ͳͨ˳Ѿ̤ɳССӣԻḶʹĴۡ
ܺãһ˳󡣡
ׯܿ׵ͷ̾˵
һûгɣֱӽѻС
أ֪ͨȥüλʼʳϣڳУһαʯ硣УиԿǰһ˽硣ʲôҪģǰȥ
΢󿪿˵
ȻҪ룬Ҫóʯ֮ĶʳģȻûвǵĵãһһξۻᣬý񾭣΢΢һ¡


1583 ʯʢ
ʯ֮Ⱑؼʳġ֮ηﵨҪһǳԱʯ֮䱦еıʯ֮⣬ΪֹռҲֻ࣬ݱʯ֮⡣
£Ҫһᣬݱʯ֮⣬ǾԲġ
һ˳һƬ
Ȼǲеġ
Ҳֻܳݱʯ֮⣬ʵǣĶʳģ󣬵Ȼȥ⿣ǳʦ顣
˿̣ڰѻпкüλʦ
ϴʦ
ʦֹлʦ³
ĳʦɺ衣
κһλžԶĳգҪ֮£Կ⿳ʳʯ֮⽻ǣ˷ѣиְ취ʯ֮ӵ¡еļ¡
˿̣ڰѻǳĺ֮С
ȻԿдϴʳģǰڵ׼
³Ѿһ𣬿ʼͷǰȻڷֻϻݱʯ֮⣬űʯ֮⣬ÿһж¶֮ɫûʲôȳʦʳģ˷ܵ顣ɢĽ⣬˳ԡ
Ǵ˵еıʯ֮ⰡȻ紫˵еļһͨ籦ʯʳľȫʳ֮۶ɣɢıⶼ˵ˣֱѽһֿ䱦Ŀ⿴ǰıʯ֮⣬̾
˵ʯ֮ⲻؼζĶʳģ滹̺Ų˼һȥԶʿ˼ĹЧ׳ܴٽѪ֮⣬湦Ч
ɺҲĿת˵
ˣʯ֮ݣеϯı٣еĽ죬геس۾ĿˣҪٵϯ档ʯֻ֮ݣãһ˵һ³̡ʯ֮⣬ǲ
³ϵ˵һֱۣȫļⶼڶ˿Ŀġ
ɣݣһ˷һݣ׼ݱʯ֮⣬ǽһҲԥ˵ԼĴ㡣
ϽеŮоԵİգñʯ֮⣬Ϊϣ֮Уζʳ
ǽʲôһˡ򵥣ҲѡķǽǷŵζȥΪ֮տʳ÷ƽ䣬Ǻεȵζ
ǽҪʲôζٱըǧζ
ѡȻ㹻š⿳˫ķǽǷǰҲҪ̲סˮ۾ϵô
ȻǽҾӡ¼䣬ʳûκһܹԽӡбʯ֮УƤȻýӵζﵽ۷塣
³һͬ
ģǽӡʯ֮⣬ʳĴһ⿳ʲôĽӣԼеʮֵĺڴ
нӣҾԱʯ֮Ϊͣһݻƽ𳴷ɺһĨ⣬ͬѾ˾ϡ
Ҳѡ
ڣκֻҪԸ⶯֣ĳҪ򵥵ĳΪʳȴǿһʦĹףԳĻȵȡѡ񳴷ȻҲɺյһǿš
ְɡ
ͬʱһۣжŨŨĶ־
ֱһݱʯ֮⣬ʼ⿡
ʱһΣ֪УѾϡ
ڳȻǵƻͨ磬ڰڱߡںԺУܿһѾڷźãÿһа˸ϯλ˿̣ѾϰڷһЩܶ඼ƽʱƷɢ˵㡣
Ƕſ𣬲Ĳ裬ܹϴȥָ۷塣ѩ棬Ѫƻ۽ۣ㽶ȵȣЩڷϣǿ˳ƷԵˣŮٴЩڵ԰֮СЩ꣬۵ɲһѣûаѹ
׵ĵ̣˾̾Щ̫󣬿ҪռҲһ׵顣̺ڸмѣвС档
ǰڸмѣϲ۽ۡ𣬻ƷĶζȥʮֿɿڣóԣĺܲ
ѩҲȥҸо񶼿ʼָʮˬö
ԺУɽڵʿһ𣬷ֳ˿̣ҲƷϵ
جһɱľƣڷȻЩû̫ĿܡһһƷ£ҲԾ̾
ǰЩҲûпɽȻǿ󣬿ôҲûа취һ˳ȣӲҪ˵԰ռĸҩ֮
Щ׵ĳ죬ǿȻʿҪѷɫ˲űǿ֣н죬ÿһųʵѾﵽԪ񾳲ΣҪκ콾ѷɫ
ɲţΪϾսȫԽ׶սӾ˵ƻ
ڴ׵ʵǸӵ𾪡
Ŀã˭ǰһС
ʮʱ䣬ܷչֵزѾһǧݵġȻʣԴѲϵġ
ϯϣкŮټׯܣѩᣬһŴ͵Բϡϰڷų֮ĸǷʢԿңԪ棬޺ȵȶ
Щκһ֣ƵҩҩϵȲϣֱӳԣЩ˷ѣȴǺȻİڷϣŮƷ
һ㶼⡣
ʵǣƽʱڵ۹гԵľЩϰˡҪˣΪôܻӵô졣
޺̺ܲͨԣǧ꿪ǧǧ죬޺ϣ޺񣬾ǿ幦Ч̷֤޺ʿԣѵõ䡣ңͬζƶҲпڸˡ
ׯЦһö޺˵ȻһʶԶˡ
һЩ֮֮ѡĳû̫࣬Ψ֮ԸᡣҲһѡֲǴ˵ең˲ι֮
еȻһЦ
Ҳǡ󡣲ں£һЩҲǳе£ֻҪлԵȻѰ˵ҵĻս֮ͥῪԪһʢᡣ׵۵ݣʱӦûͥ͹Ʒң¡
ׯܣҲڵңɢЦ˵
ͥʢᡣ
һ϶¶֮ɫҲһĨ仰УѾһЩεѶϢ
ͥʢᣬؼ䣬УԿԳƵ˲֪˲ĵزζʲô
Ϊͥڣڿδˡ


1584 ͥ
ںϣԲǱ濴ô򵥡ˮĿ£һԪԪٴοʼ˼ų貵ĹâУ۷塣
ͥڣںδʲôһ㣬һֻ֪֪Щʵﵽһεǿߣܲп֪
ʲôʵ߽ʲôȦӣһġ
ͺñڣңɢ˶һˣȻͥΪѾʸ֪һε飬ʸȡͥ룬μʢĶᣬҪûʸܣһ㣬ңɢȻȥ
ɢܷ˵һ˵ͥ顣
кԥĿѯʵҽƺܷ⣬ɷϣбǴ΢ĩһ߳ģȻʲκ˲κǿߣκ棬һ̣׻ǱЩ̫࣬㾡ֲ޷ڶʱ׷ȥܶ飬һ֪⡣˵Ǿ֮ҲΪԣܶ飬Ҫɢǰ̽Ѱ
֪¡
֪֪ſ¡
֪ǾԼò֪Ҫһ㡣Ҫѯʣ̽ѰûУһӣҲߵĳԶ綼ͣͲǰ
Ǻǣ׵̫ԷƱˡĳɾͣؼ䣬ûκʸ㡣ͥҲͬˡ֮ǰ˽⣬ֻΪûнӴѣټӡܶϢֻһЩĲѡȻҲûΪǽ˵ˡ
ңɢ˵ȻһЦƽ˵
У˿ûаӵ˼
ֳǱֻҪ;ز̵ۣʱڣٵ˾̾ĲϣΪĶ壬ڲͬ
Ըꡣ
һ˵
ǰû˽˵Ҳ˵ңɢԸΪôһˡȻҲΪѾˣԴǸײ֮С
ؼһ㡣
Ϲͥʧʼնһֱڣֻںʱܵƣ˵ϹͥһԪĹ£ÿһԪһ¿ʼĻᣬһԪĴڣӡһعԪȫµ̨ڵģһϹŶһԣչ涨һԪУײָԪݱ䡣ֻΪҹвʱ䣬ǰǲƽ
ңɢ˻˵Щءһԣû˽Ҫ֪Բô׿˽ġ
ϴûйƽ벻ƽ֮˵ȭͷǹƽʵǵĵ˾ҹ硣Էһߡ
ƽ˵
û˶оƽȥǹƽ
Ǻǣ׵۾糬˼ʶߵ죬ҲˮɡңɢЦ˵УبŴ½ΪģҲǺڣռݵķΧޱȣޱߣ׵ӦѾ֪بŴ½򣬲ûϵһֱӷ룬˵һĤȥʵϹͥʹبŴ½֮С󶥼嶥ǿߣبŴ½֮СǺģҲһֽ
ԭˣبŴ½صģֽ̨֮Ӧûᱻơ׵ͷԺиֳǿ߱بŴ½Ļ档Ѿ˲²⡣
ʱؼӦû֡ĻƽʢҪ֮ǰǿԣ۾ǾܵʵӦԽʢңɢ˼˵ԣطӡ״֮ǰһԪһδԵסȻһɳ죬Ϲ¡Ҳδɡ
Ը꣡
ɫһ˵
ǰˣ¶ע֮ɫ
ǵ̸һԲ֮ڣ棬ֻܿȴκܶණδﲻ㿴õҲ
ʸ⡣
׵۲ֵãһͨˣߵѾﵽ񾳣̶̶ʮʱ䣬һ·Խһ󾳽磬ﵽĸ߶ȣͲЩ̫𡣡
ңɢζĿһ۵
죿
΢΢ü漴ͷǰ˼ǣⲢ
ȻҪ£ͨʿһ·ٿ죬Ҳܿ쵽ֵز٣ҲҪϰ꣬꣬ǧҲΪκУһɶ͡
ɢ˿͡
ҲԼһЩ²⡣
ʵҲ¼Ԫйءںϣ¼Ԫֹ̣ͬٵأʱΪ֮صݱ䣬ԶԶǼ򵥵ļʮѣںϵĹУطײ򽻴ݺᣬʱصϵ򣬶ԶҪףװٱǧֹȻΪؿ£Ҫ򵥵̫ࡣһδ
ңںʱײؼ䣬ʱڼӿںϣطںϣʵдһ־޴ʱСһ죬п൱µʮ죬һ£һ죬һꡣǣʱ֮Ԫȴʵʵĸ޾ĺôԵǶʮ꣬ʵ⼸ʮЧ뼸꣬ǧԣǼԪ֮ƽʢ
ңɢ˻ذ˵ֱӳеǰ
ҲһȻԸ̾ԭˣǻƽʢڡ
ԭˣǻƽʢĸԭɡ
аԾ̾
ҪǲѣҲǺ֪аġ
۾֪بŴ½Уĵ̿ɲͥĵڣҲܹǿ֮еĸ̡
ңɢٴ׳һ˵ѶϢңֱ¹塣
ͥһĲǺͥҲǵһ˵ܷɢ
һһ˿ɫϵѯʵ
ͥͥǰû˵ġ
ȻĴе֮ء
ͥ崫иڣһԪУǿ߻֮أͳ죬ѹˡ沢棬ͥ˵ҪδػϹͥѷɫͥҲд己ܣҲǿ߱壬һ׵̺УлǰЩУȻ㿪ţʱδزһλԵ
ңɢȻ˵
ʣеĿʼյġ
ͥлһȥġ
Ȼóͥĵ̵жǿʼۣͣǿ߻ۣͥʵ̣ȫԸܵõ
ֲǿ˷ָ
ֻϧһӦҲبţ޷磬ҪȻʵˡ


1585 ب
۾һлǰͥδս֮󣬲ͥ㣬ͥҲһ㡣ʱȻǰبŴ½
ңɢƽ˵
ɫлǰبŴ½˿ûлɡټ򵥲
ݵλˣʲô˳£ˮɵ顣
ɢܷ˵һ˵بŴ½һЩĻǰҲȫȻ֪Ȼׯ̵ĻᡣһܣǷҲǴܡһѧʶЩǲıġһıƸ
ûлҲͰˡлᣬȻҪץһлبŴ½и˽⡣
ҲգبŴ½飬˵һ˵Ҳ޷
ңɢûоܾ
֮ǰ˵Ϲͥ˵ͥҲûдЩʲô
بŴ½ӣඥţħţиͬϹͥϹͥͥ޳ǣĺ̹ŵɽʥ岻ʥǣʹŵɽ£ʥɽȵȣǿ壬󶥼ʤبŴ½Уĵڡ
ңɢ˵
Щһһ
بŴ½Ĳ׳Ľò˵بŴ½̨ǿ߱Ľ򣬲Ԫ󣬶ңԪûɢһͷԱޣӲҪ˵콾ʵӾ޴ɱ䡣
һ㣬ѾԸоبŴ½Ĳ֮ͬ
بŴ½Σңɢ˵ҲһĳǰŮжһԾ̾ò˵һΣļʶĵõš
ã²ŷһ̾Ǵ۽磬Ҫ׶بŴ½˵ľʾסȻͨڣɾȴηţǴףһ׷ȥǱøǿ󡣡
ǿ߸Ӧеľ⣬ȴܲη壬жηˣ̸γԽڴ׵۳¿žԵţиŲɡ
ţֻҪڣ׵۳ĽŲԲֹͣǴǰϳԽһɽ壬۷壬޾ķɡ
بŴ½بŴ½ģҲֻ֪ҪܸһͺãĶҪ
Ц˵۾ֻеĴڡ
ĶҪ
ŮͬĿ⿴С
ΣǶǿлôѡ
۾ѾϢʳѾ⿺ˡҪҪڿʼϲˡߣѯʵڽ̸ʱУɺѾ⿡һݷʳ
ãϲˣ磡
ʱ۾һԥ˵
ǴҪģʳǰȻҪר˵ڱʯ֮⣬ǿڴѾãҪ־ᶨͽǸԵˡﻹܵȵڡ
һ¡
ͿһŮٶһݷʳ˽һ׿׿ϯش󣬷һݷʳЩʳÿһݶһڵסڵסĲƷҲڵסеζ޶ȵı֤κһ˿ζšȫʳУȴűҿһĻ
ᣬڷʳʵ㲻̫ࡣÿϣֻÿʳ
ֻڵϣڷŵʳ࣬ѡ
ʱвƷѾ롣
ŲƷܿɺ³е˺棬ƺڵȴΪܡ
λ֪࣬һ⿳ʳʲô֮ͬҪһƷʳԵҪ֪ܸõеС
׵ͷ˿˵
۾뿴һݣ¾İƳķǽУԱʯ֮⣬ϣԾͷ⣬ϺⱫ㣬ΣĿ㴽λĢѩɽţţᣬΣī㣬ǰ𳵰ȵȶʳģƣ壬ըַͣټƱʯϡվʮգŰƶ۾Ʒ
ǰֽڷмǷݴĻֱӽҿһ߽ҿһ߿ٵĿڶһǽнܡ⣬۷һƷ㾡еһеһУȫУʳģÿһֶġǶռʳġ
ϷɵģܵģεģһС
ЩʳĵĴڣݷǽǿڡ
ˢ
ڽҿһɲǣʱͿһ貵糱ˮɢһ㣬·пһƺҪӷбſˮĭ
޲һ̳Ե
㣡
ζֱ޷ܣҸоеĿˮҪˣζѾڷҷ飬ζǷ涼޷ܡ
һǽ
ĿŵǸоҲ޷ܡΨһͷ׿ƷݷǽΪˣԸⲻϧһС
ʳǿ
÷ԸѾŮǰһֻֻС룬ɰпʼʢÿһ룬ڷǰ
жۿȥ
ҲǰԵͷеķǽȫֳһ㣬һƷ
޷ƻ
ƻ⾳
ǣǽȻκε飬ֻ֭û⣬ڰƵĹУеʣȫѾڻ֭棬̺֭еʳģƳľеľеζȫ֭С
ӣҨһףͣһ
ʱܸо·һ㣬·𶹸ϸʸУУָд޷ݡȽУζ˲ܵһݵĸܳ䡣һɲǼ䣬鶼ڣÿһѪⶼõ質
ʳϸǷת
ܱؼ䣬Ԫ糱ˮӵ롣
ʳת
ĸоԲ˼ٶȱǡ
һ



˲Ϣ䣬ÿ䶼ڱǣġ

ڣѪУѪϵӿ֮ڣתԴԴϵѪΪ󺣳ϫڣϵĳϴѪ⣬һеһУۿɼٶǿɱ䡣ĵѪйմ
֪У
ת

ڳԵĹУ֮ڲӡ
ֶ޷ֹͣƷĹУһδظҨĶ񣬶·һּΪľС
Уģˡ
ңɢҲһԸ
е׺󣬲Žת
һǽȻҲԿܡ
ãңɢǸ̾˵ü䣬̾
ʯ֮⣬ؼʳġ˻ζ
Ҳ̾
Ʒúȵ


1586 ܾۻ
ǽвûгԹֻζǰһȣ֮ȫûκοɱԣζϣЬ䡣ⲻ˵ļѾﵽ˼ĲΣеı仯ԭ򣬻Աʯ֮⡣
ʳɱĸԴ
κʳζȻȻķɱ䣬õ
ңʯ֮Ѫɱһ㣬Ҳȷʵ١
ȫԸоڵϣ̶ͬȵñԴõǱøʳϣֱӷɱ䣬ﵽؽסʳٶȸ죬ңĶԸࡣв²⣬һɱ䵽ףʳȫɱ䡣
ͬʱõ
һενɫѪԴԴϵĵУÿһνɫѪͨѪҺɱ䣬ѪʵѪҺУ̺ĽɫøӵŨȻͨѪҺڱѪԴѪӣĽø졣
ոһݷǽñԴѪʮ޻ۡ
Ҫ֪ǱԴѪҲ̾еϽɫѪȫԿ˿̣ıԴѪѾﵽǧö
ΪһѪҺתڡ
ѪҺӿ࣬ӿʱѪҺͻΪɫѪ
ϽɫǱԴѪѪɫΪһѪΪĶѪҺ
һڵıԴѪﵽһԪ֮ʮǧö峹Բʱȫƾʶ֤֤֤ѹؼһв
ΪͻƣԴѪӣǱĬѪԴѪ
ԴѪӵٶȶǻ˷ָԶԶΪչҪĶࡣԴѪ漰ڵϱԴѪǶԵۻ֮ĸ򣬻һ𣬲ûӦĻۣٶȣȻ첻ȥ
춼첻
ⱦʯ֮⣬ȴѪĽɱЧò˵ʮϲ顣
УҲĸܵڷı仯
ܵʯ֮֮
۾Ʒ΢׼ĽӣΪļӡԱʯۣ֮ƤټϺϺ⣬䴺ııѩƹϣѩܲײˡڣﶬļ֮ζСƷ
³ǰһ˵
ļӣĶʳʳеߡ޿
е˼
ڽҿʱʳ֮ⲻ֮ǰķǽҪѷɫֺ˱Ƕ룬֮ղܡ
ûгɣһ˫˫ӷ׷˳ȥһööӡ
һļӡ
Խк˲ϢᴺﶬļõдԾһδӣһδμӣģȫ

Уû˵
һݷʳһֶֻ࣬ȫĵƷʳǶʳأʯ֮ĹЧзӵ˼¡
ʳ
֪Уеʳȫһɨաûκ˷ѵӶǹķ
ԴѪﵽһǧöΪﵽ۷壬ŰٵѾʼݱͨһݱɣͻƵתʱ̡ʯ֮⣬Ȼǲɶõʳ
һԺпһͷ
һεϯ˵ȫһξ˵ɱ䡣
ױȵ棬ڵʳϸȫǷˣÿʱÿ̶кѪӿÿһתѪжһѪ⻷ôѪУʱ޿̲ڴͬ᲻ɴݵĸ
ѪѾҪγˡ
һʳٵǳ޷ġϢ䣬Ѿɱ䣬˭УоȻܻȡ˶ĺôֱ޷
ңɢƺ
ζĿһУû˵ʲô
л׵ۿʳȷʵƶЩԹõһΡʳңɢ˵ȻһЦƶҲܰװһٰ͡ȻҪлر
̫ˣһϯѣ⡣ƽ˵һٷѣҪ˶ȡ꣬
ǺǣʵҲûʲô׵ӦҲܲ²⵽ħսϣкܶʥߡЩϼһǲսϵˡʥߣ䣬̫ҪۣѺѣħսһѵõĻᡣԣҶԼھһξۻᡣھۻУԽף̸˵ء顣
ңɢ˿˵
֪ĳܷľۻᡣ
۾һ漴˵
ʲôʥߣǴͨĵڶʵֻת֮ʵҲû̫˼־ͬʥٷľۻᣬֻҪܲȥǼζţȦӣΣ뵽һϡ
ڲͬ
ʲô˽ܴŲͬĸ߶ȡ
Ȼԣ׵۵ݲμľۻᣬҲܻӭʶ۾ҲǸոƶҪԵ۾顣ξۻᣬһĽᡣ
ңɢЦ˵
Ȼ֮ǰҪ߽ǸȦӡ
ҪõЩܵϿɣʣջ񣬼ֵ޷ġһż
һƱУ̤ȥûУǾֻܱ⡣
ڣңɢ˸ģôһƱ
ȻԸ⣬лˡ
ЦŵͷӦ
֮õ顣
ܷǰ֪βμӾۻĶЩʲôˡһҲ¶һ˿֮ɫȻһζôҪĻᡣȫ̤һεĽݡ̤ȥͽȻͬ
Ǻǣһ㣬ȵ۾ԼǰȥһжȻ˵ǾûӦڴˣԼȥ֪̽
ңɢ˵ȻһЦҡҡͷ˵
Ҫ׼ʲô𡣡
Цʵ
Ҫ̫׼ֻһЩ򵥵ĽѡˣȻңɢ˼˵
ʱ䣬ص㡣
ѯʵ
ʱĻ󡣾ȴûȷΪһξۻķģһˣͻᷢѶţݳѶϢʱֱǰУģùᡣңɢƽ˵йâһһöƳ֣͵ǰ
ƣʱۻῪȻзӦʱֱӿС
ңɢ˵ȻһЦͻȻ俪ʼ⣬âУһֻλðĺ˳
ׯεǵׯܣʳңڣȥݣȥݣ
һ翵Ļлص
һֻ裬ųԶߣʵ죬Ȼ䣬ѾٷߣӰѻʧͻȥ
ȻǴ˵еׯӡѣĽ
зһ̾
ϧעң׵۳Զ޷


1587 
ϯɢȥ
һսȺ飬϶¶Եϲ֮ɫȻƷһɱʯ֮⿳ĶʳÿһΪսв̶ͬϵʵ֮ǰҪǿһڡһٳԺеõûа
Ȼٺòϲ¡
λȥҲҪոյջ񣬳׽֮תԼ̡
֪УֻʣŮгѩᣬɽڵĽˣطϢģԺ˵
Ȼˡ
û˵£Ůϵ鶼ʼл˵Щ强
ЩǾ㣬ÿÿ˵𣬶ǼΪʹϧ棬ȴΪԭ޷οǺˣħսžۣʱսѡֱӷش׵۳ӴԺ󣬲ٵĻ¶ޣϦ
Ц˵
͸оһ׽ϧ
ڵ۹еʱпû顣ֻϧҲûа취ָأһҪؾۣ졣žۣȻٺò
һϲ¡
ﲻòһΪһָޱȳڡ
ŮҲò̾ڶʮǰͿȷʵ۹ˡҪ˵ﱾòκѷɫң䣬ʬɽѪɱԸ񣬾԰½ŮֻкϤǰŻ¶ԭ顣
˵ﱾǣԺǴ׵۳ǹ뷷⣬Ѿˣȵȥ󣬾ͿʽѸ档ǹع顣Ŵ󣬳˲֪ٿѣԺǶˣн㣬ɩӶԡ
Ҳ׵ͷ¶һ˿͡
ľȻǸͬܡҲʮ
ڣȻΪ㡣
Ƕлλɩɩذ
׵ͷ
Ů̬Ȳû̫Ŀܡ
УͬҲߵˣ˾ˣĵˣĵˡ
ˣԺڰѻǣԺ󶼲ֿ
ЦۣٴοѩѩᣬǴɽʦһĻȻλãȻѡԼ֮Уʼնλá
ڳѩᣬǽѡȨԼ
ѵԼͬһʱˣ̬ϣȻͬ
״ط꣬ôĽãȻøһΪ顣ολҲһʣȻҪദһ¡
ѩԥѡ
ĿȴʶĿУ¶һ˿ˮĿ⡣
Ŀ⣬ȴŮУһ¶Ȼ֮ɫͬʱһЩΣҲ˦˼۹ȥ

˵ѩɣȴ˵˿̣ڳУһۡУŷһһ䷿ڣϺȻһӣǱˣ
ץħУ־ܵħϮĳӰ죬Ȼʮ־޴󣬷ͬСɡԣǱͬ뵽֮Уûг׻ָȻܵˣڣȳǾһжԻָ
ӲҪ˵ֲܹ׳ĵҩָٶȻø졣
ԹŷɵݵλҪŪЩҩȻѡ񵤣񵤶ԻָЧ
ֵҩȥܵѾ޸롣
Ҳʼ仯ٲȻҪӻѹ
ȻϸȥȻԿ۾֪ʱѾ˿һۣʱͿŷˣֻ۾ʱһ⣬Ȼ£ޡ
ܣܣˡλΪҲλ͵ܡؾۣʵڳȫֵ֮鰡
һھǿߡǿ˶ݣϢܹӰ쵽־ԾĶøͬ飬ʶľͽıģվλϡ
ټҲȷʵʵⰡǾ͸ӵ޷Գ֡
磬δܴħ˵۾֣ǵ۾һδ׶༪٣ħȷʵʮֿ£ҳ֣޷֧һУͱش
һҲ¶֮ɫ
лǽе˵˳ϾһΣûУԲ״ѳǲܵ顣
ǰ磬۾һοǳ˴һ£һǰȥ۾л
ŷҲͷ˵
еĸмǰδеŨϾڴ׻΢ʱģԴףеĸȻһ޷ġ
ȻһδȻú׵۰л֮ȻܲʡңһȥҪ׵ǡ
ҲͷʾͬӦ
ʵлйǵġ
֮ǰΪʲôֱӿѻǣֱУǲҪԼ棬ⷢʲôɿܵ⣬Ļܳܵġ
Ѿˣ໥֪ˣٲʽݼǾԵЩ̫ʧˡ
ֻϣܹеȣԼλֵһ뿪Ҫġڹŷǻ᲻Ӧһ뿪һ㣬û̫࣬ʣƾǵֵܸ飬£ǰ϶ȵ顣
κⷢ
ŷĻͬʱһ䣬ʶ໥һۣпһ˿Ρ
ǺҹĿľʲôǣǲף֮ǰ˵ҧҧ棬ΣҲ͸뿪ˣǣһг֣ԸΪ׵۳Чҡ
Դ֮󣬲뿪
Ҫ뿪ǣҲ޷ԼĵһءӴԺ󣬱Ȼľ
һ֮С
磬һΣܼ磬Ͷ磬жܸˣֻһΣֲܺʹһͬ뿪ˡЩɵ˵
ɫżѡ
ܴ˻Ī׵۲Ը뿪
ʱɫ䣬æѯʵ
ʣڹŷľսҲǾԲ׷ȥġԣһͷв뿪ˣֻľͻѰ졣
׼ģϵ˵׵۲εĻΪҲ׼ǰ׼һݺȡλ͵֮ܵţ˵׵ۻһİա
硣
ҡҡͷ룬ʵ֮ǰȥʱ򣬵۾ѾУȥȨֻԼѡ¡
Ϊʲô
϶ʱһʹλ͵ܲԸһȥΰҵĪǴʲôطĲԣԲסλ͵ܡֻҪ˵һġ
ɫ䣬ٴ棬һݱʹ֮ɫȻҲǻѡ


1588 
磬֮ǰ类ħץߣҺͶŴ׽ʿȺ棬ŵԣֻҪ۾ܳ־´磬Ӵ֮󣬾ǲܱ塣ֻܶԲסĺˡ
ŷһ˵
˵ʵڣ֮ǰҲΪѣѾþû뵽ַʣһǳϣ˾ϣҲͲҪѡ
־˵⡣
ˣȻֻ˳ӡ
ֵ壬Ȼ֮¡ΣôһˣȻΪΪսֵܣۣҲطꡣκ鶼ҪҪ
Ҳ˵
ȻҲ֪벢һǣѾһǾûѡֻܼһ·ȥֻҪ岻սֵֵܡû̫ķֻҪ֪˴˶ȫţ㹻ˡ
ȻˣΪֻҪǰȥݼ׵ۣ׵ܳȣǰлʧĿһת漴˵
ס⣬ٶ˵
յ۾ڳȺϣӦѾЪһ磬ٴǰ񡣡΢˵
ͷʾӦ
ȻģȻû֪
׵۵ֶλǸҵֵܶεץУԸصĸߣΪЧĵֶ̫ˣҲû׼δؾͲ׵۷ֻ֣֣ǳûдﵽԷ޶ѡ
Ժпһͷ
ͲɶԴ߹ŷûġ

һҹ޻
ħսϣýеĴսڽУҹڲϳսǣԴˣɵȻվģҹĴͬСȥڻң˵ҲǶѻɽ׹̱սȻھʼĳ
ҲʼӦӦҹĳøӵĵӦ֣ٲæңʧ롣йأģµģܵõɳʵɱ䣬սɱ䣬ͨսʿսħսϵĸʿʣǶǽ֮ܳ˲ţʶֻҪᣬɳǼֱ׾٣ˮɵ顣
ҹ㣬ƺʼһֹĬС
ĬĬĻȴһαһս١
һŮһδͬߡڴ֮䣬ȻǼΪгеǣǿԸӣۺıǮŮˮ֮ŮϵζΪ˵ҲֻǵڶʱԿŮ϶ݹ
һ޵ļԵγˮ
һ֪Ľ
µ϶¶ЦݡüŴɫƺлζ
㣬ڴϿԽԽǿκһˣԷֻ¶ɱĶףɾȫܲסֱǿˣкüҶоҪȥ
ڴǺµ˵
ǰϣȫһͷţÿλã˫ޣָоҪǿʮ治֪Ժ˭ҵһ𡣡
СٻҲյ˵Ȼиһֽζ
֮ǰӦǴΪٴˡˣδҲв̶ͬȵץʱϤĴսͬҲҪ֡
һ˵
˫޶кôǵĺô󣬱ϾΪߣԾ͵ģôġ
ÿ˫ޣҪЧã֪Ҫ϶ٱ
ͬûġ
ĳ̶ֳϣһֽݾ

˿̣ȴڳУһˣȴš
ΪǱǣٴαøǿ󣬳ɳһڣŮֶЩԲȻ˶ⷽȻԼ̫ǿᡣ
û˻Լ̫ǿˣҪһ㡣
û⣬ֻҪԼԸ⣬ʲôʱκѹ
۾ؽŽѾˣҲһ𡣡
ʱѾ˽
ùŷȺ
׵ͷ˵
ǣ
ȥ
Ƭ̼䣬ͿѾ˽
ϲû¶κ֮ɫֻһƬƽҲǰʷۼѡûκܹƾʷϵĳɾͶӰ졣ûУǲᶯҡеľΪκʷѷɫ
š
ѣɣ֪ڸоôǷеĻڳлҩ˼ڣΪһϸļ顣ơ
еȻһЦ
ʾǰ¡
л׵۹һҵѾ޴󰭣ǰҪ۾лǵ۾һֻĳ׶༪١һϿҵ˵
ͬʱ壬Ѹһ˳֮м棬ܲȡ˵һΣҲʷѡ
ƽ˵
ûбֳ׽ҲûбֳֻǺƽ
ѡʱǰԲֻΪ˵лѾ²⵽϶ҪŷɴߣпܣΪѡ£Żֱҹ
£ռȻżżģŶԡ
ʵһĳǰһĿģҪƳžۣȫֵ԰֮顣һǿ˵˳
֮һĻᣬҲҪһ¡
Ŷֵ֮֮飬ȻĽ۴û谭ƳԸ뿪ĻǿȥҵӦǵ飬Ǳȥɡ뱾޹ءҡҡͷ˵
飬ȥ
׵۳ȥ
ɵģͬ־ۼͬĿȥ
Щж⣬ײ̶ѨûôǿŤĹϲһ㣬ʼնŷһ㡣
۾ؿ㣬ĳ壬λ͵ܣ֮ˣദ꣬Ȼȥе۾ڣλ͵ܱȻı⡣ңΪ˴л۾λ͵ܣĳҲ׼һϣ۾ܹЦɡ
һһ̣ջûڵĽԼԸ˵˳
ͬʱйâһһֻϻѾǰ
ϻ֮򿪡
ڴ򿪵һɲǣȻԿһɢݶƺܸܵһֶصĵϡһֶصУʮֵŨǿң·һ̣ͻ֮
棬ȻԿһöҺˡҺϣƺܿһصգ֯һӰҺϵɫͬȻɫڣ죬ףһȴԵ쳣ĺг졣
ճͼƣϸȥԼŷ˺ơ
ǣҺУȻݳһֶصϡ


1589 
Һӣϣһö֡
Ŀ¶⣬ɫص˵
ȻԿʲôһΪһˮɵ飬ѵľ⣬ܷ䷢ѿΪҪġ
һöĳںʱ콵ҵһ䱦һöֻ֣ҪѿܻΪ
һһȻ˵
ʲô֡
пѯʵ
ǿǺʵġÿһ֣в˼Чȡκһ꣬Ƕǿѹһˣһ̵Ĵڡ
磬ʥоһʥ
˵ʥo䣬ʥͽ֮ģڻ״ΪɫҶҶʥͼͬʥ״࣬ɫΪɫ
дʥ⣬ʥ̺ĴԸ簮飬аɱ¾ŭˣֵȵȡԸʥȻûЩȥϴʷɱ䣬ѪѪɱǿ̸κΰˣɢΪʿϵ̺Ըʥȴأȥ˵õ컯õڤڤе컯̺ʥڤڤоͻõõİ飬ճɾʥа˻ָǳΪˣܵõõףáΪ
ѹʥ˵һررɭϲ˵Ѱ磬
ڵ԰УʵҲһǾб
һбҲħսвŴԵй԰ѿľ£໥ںϣջΪһб
ֻΪбɳٶȣȵһйҪĶࡣ
Ҫǧ꿪ǧǧܳ졣һΣҪһǧ졣ÿνĹӣֻʮöһö࣬һö١̷ɵб塣֮һǷ
Щ꣬¶ֻʥҺ࣬Ҳûٳ죬ֻܼӿɳٶȶѣҪ죬Ҫһʱ䡣
Ȼر˭ԼѾӵе̫ࡣ
ȻԽԽá
һö֣ݵõѶϢΪңн۸»֮ˣ֣һͿԳɳΪңĹЧ»˴ңáΣĳҲǺֳֻң˽⡣
һٿ˵ɫ䡣¶һĨ
ҪֳǺʣΪ֮Ҫ֣Ȼ֮ܽó
ǣֲ֣
ңҪķѵʱ䣬ʵ̫ˣõѶϢУһջʱҪǧɳȻǧ꿪ǧǧ졣Ҳ˵ȥջôҪһǧջ
ʵϣ֪ҪֵʲôھͿڣٴԥЩɲ
ңȷʵĶֻȡƳµɣֻ˵ǸλǽƷǱɣûΪ׵ʸȨҿԽλнԵ˵ǡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
ԺУСԸǽһѶϢֱӸԺУζЦЦ
ȻֻԼпİ֮£ǵĽ̸ûбԼĴݵ棬ֱŷ˵ĶС
һ˿©
еĺ
֮˽
˵Ŀⶼ¶һ˿ǸȻ
۾硣
磬ֻܶԲסˣԸڴס
ŷջûѡȥֻȡɣǸжĻжԴǵɡָоһʿΪ֪ټϼʮദУڴףѾӵһԸС

бʹֻ۾Լܿһ⣬û뵽£ԼλֵܾȻǲԸȥһ̣ʹˡ
Ȼˣҵλ͵ֻܾܰе۾չˡвҪҪ͸ǡ
һתҪȥ

Цſڽס
۾к¡
תʵ
֪еöǷҪֽ׵Ĵ㣬еĻۿԸһļ۸񡣡кԥ˵ԼԸ
۾ʲô˼
һۣ˵
Ȼֱӵ˼öֱȷʵȤûдĻøۣҪʲô磬鱦Ƕ⹦ͨսĵرⵤҩЩ˵У˿ڣӡ
˵ٶȲ죬ԽپͱԽ
ÿһ³ϵԽӵǿҡѾﵽΪ֮ݵĵز
˵˿ں;ʱ̲ס΢΢֮ɫԱ
ϣ˳ԣɣҪһ˿ڣĿս֮㹻˿ڣǾζӵ㹻ǿˣԴԴϣ಻ζţԼܹøǿ󣬸ӲҪ˵ǾӣľӣǱܹȥĸ
ߣʵ̫Ҫˡ
Ҫûκ˻׷Щ
˳ẉ̂ؽĿʲôջΪռݸĵ̣ȡϢڣȡ˿ڡǣѾں֮񣬸ѾʼγɣܴͨǿĻδС
壬õ
ԣҪ˿ֻƾԼ˳еİŬһһ˵ȫĿҪʳʣǰȫȵϣûЩϣ˿ڣֻ˳ĸ죬ɸӿµĺ
˿ڣκҪĸ
оȻԸ˿һ㣬ŵˡ
˿ڣӣôܽס
ŵ˵
кβɣȻЩҴ׵۳֮УħսҹеūЩҹūͬڱѪͳЩūⷽ¾޳ԭڵҹ֮ܵҹĿӰ졣ң˼ֽԴǿڶΪҲϾεΪԸĻۿ㽻һ
ƽ˵
ɫƺκεӻǲ⣬޷ֺ
֪׵ó١
дһ˿֮ɫ


1590 
Ҫҹū»ָǣӵǻۣһ׵飬ĴۺܴУӵеҲ࣬ʱֻһǧЩ˿Ը⣬ڶʱڳɾңǾ񡣡
л˵
Ȼģֹһǧ֣Ǿţһë
Ҫ֪԰ѻǵսѰ֮£һոǧҹūɾһںоսﵽʮڵľ֡
Щ˵һսǿ󡣸ΪУõıԴ
Ȼֻ֪֮⣬Ҳ²⣬ûж룬Ѿдս磬Щսѡѡеľ񣬿ʼѵǸǾйս䡷¿ʼȫµĸ
֮⡣дõս
ȡҹսͿ㡣
һǧ򣬲С˼ѡȫֵһᡣ
ң˵һǧѵ͸ֱ˵ҪһǧôȻǲܵ顣
ܷԿһ˵
һһǧ˵Ҳ޷ļֵȫǿս֮Ƕ棬޷ġ
Ȼԣ
ЦЦѾʼĶˡ
ŷȣǧ˿ڣǾӶԣҪĸӵʵʣӵҪ
ּ䣬ͿʮӰƾճ֡
ЩУŮ
ܿĳÿһϵѪ൱ףʮǿΪֻҪ̤սңû֮ɫֳһĿ⡣һĺܴ
Ҫ֪ҹūУɲֻеģŮͬҲ˿ٶ࣬Ҳ»̫Ůʧ
Խһ໥ܺķܡ
жʱð㾫⣬඼ھ
ǻģңϢȻͼʵˣǼֱ̫ǿˡҪܼȫʵ
Ҳ̲סһ
е̫ǿˡ
ûƭĻˣʶĻˡңϵȵıԴܳΪսĴڡ
һ̣Ķˡ
Ҫһսħսϣе˶
ڸҪȡ档
ܶȡս
֣֪ɿǺˣҪҪҪĻǾͶ¾ֱɽס漴ѯʵ
Ҫҵҹֵ֣Ƿһɳδػȴ˵еѷɫǾ䱦ֵΪֵ֣һǧ˿ڡ
һһƶ˵
ɫʮֵļᶨʱȻ˵ԽԽãƴҪܶĻȡ档
ֻҪܴﵽĿģƤʲôʲôƤҪȫҪ
һǧ򡣡
΢΢鴤Ŀⶼһ˿Ź֣Ȼĺڣúѧľ衣ǾǲҪҪǲҪ
ܣһǧս֣һѿңǳҲҪķԴǰȥܲһ¡ֻһöӣûôļֲֵҪ٣͸١
йϵľֻܾܸ򡣡
УŰʮ򡣲ˡ
ȻϴӦͿʼۡ
һʮ򣬶Ҫƴȡӡ
пҲоһЦǼʶˡҡҡͷˣﲻǽͷСûбҪͬͷСһƽϣ˰Ը⻻ͻԸ⣬Ǿ㡣һ۸񣬲ٶࡣ
дżᶨ
ͦߣȻҲе֮ͷӦã˰Ͱ˰򡣲Ҫνգ˰սҲûа취ֱӴȥϾսϵҹаħ
˰սҪսϣ˵ǰ˰򣬾ǰǧпܶʯ󺣣ʧݶðûսǵֵɱս뻢ڣǰװһ㣬Ϊĵ顣
ģȻǽףǾһɡһύһռӡǣֻҪ㷵غսд߶򿪣ͿԿռţ󣬱ȻὫǰ˰սȫ͹ȥ֤һˡ
м˵˰սɹŷλͬأʱֻҪռţͻ͹ȥ
ɣһȫµıϡ
ǲңҲӦÿλֵܰɡţǾȫûа취ˡ
磬۾һԾŶһŵǧ˵ȥĻǲܷڵģ˵ǰ˰һǰ˰򡣴ԷģǶæտġ
ֱӿ˵
ǰ˰սŴһԴչͼһɳ졣ŷҲͷ˵
ֳɵսֻҪȥսʵǱȲϴ׵۳ľţɶԱһ㶼
λ͵أȻ׵۵׵Ϊһ˳֮еľ֧׵۵ĻҪǲţΣ¼û˭Ρö־ͽ۾
æЦ˵
ٴνϻ˳ݵǰ
Ҳûж˵ʲô˼Ȼ֪ĺ漴͸һöռӡǣʱԴ򿪣ֻҪȻܽ˸͹ȥ˰ѣʲô
֪۾Ƿܼҹū
ͻȻٴѯʵ
Ȼԣֻǣϻ޷ģķѵԴζĿѾµǱصʲô
ǲ֪᲻סһΣܷЩս
Ҳֱѯʵ
ԣֻҪӦ챦ȻԻȡ׵ĶֻһŲ뽻׷Χ֮ڡ
ƽ˵
ãĳˡ
ʱᡣ
ûͣٴ˵˼תȥˡңȥıӰоЩȲƺû̫ʧһΣûһعŷɣȴõ˰ս콵ϲ
ѻǡ
һۣ¶һ˿֮ɫ׵۰׵ۣһΣӮң֣ҪѿҪֵڸһξѪΪϣͬҩȱһɣֻҪûǺķٶľҲΰ˰˿ڻȡֻһֻܿõֻ֣ҪҲ˵֣һӶ뷢ѿ
Ȼ⡣
ιŷûи뿪бһôйˡǸˬȫ˵
̫ʹˡ
ͺ˱һ
Ҫˬжˬ
һתȥԼڵսǸȥ
Ȼ򣬾תȥʱ󣬿ռˮ㸡ֳһ˿˿һֻɫĻ֪ʱƾճֵ֣ͬʱеһȫֹ


1591 ػ
ȻԿһµŮƾճ֣ŮϸȥǶƯҲ㣬ȴһʥϢһַ·𿴵ʹĸоеĸһۿԵʮֵӡ̡
ԡ磬ѲøС
һ֣¶һ˿ʹЦݡû뵽Ҳиһ졣ҪǰҵǸ磬ԿԺ䶯ȫġ
ŮЦգգ۾һζ֮ɫйâһȻԿһֻͲƾճС
ֻͲϸȥȫǸִõעһģһͨעǷŴһ׳
ͨ忴·һ͸ˮɡͷ˸ź⣬һۿȥ̲סоĪĻš
ȻͨͨעͲģңУĵرȥͨһֱǷͨϣ԰ͨƷɱ
ͨɱ䣬ҲŽ
νߺһͨҲǱֻҪлԵδؾͲܻΪ鱦ĻѶȻήͣǺܶͨݱģǷ״ʿձѡѡ漫ҵ켶ĵرδؾͲΪ鱦
ңñϵӵСܲɷ֡
ŮаѩȻǳڵ磬Ҳһִײ磬ʱҽԺĻʿںϺ󣬾ѵ֪ͨôģͱһֻ޴עͲֱ˾㤡Ϊ顣
ݱͨΪ룡
ʮ
ЩѩϵĿΪԭȱӦԴ޷ﵽ£ǼѻǺڵõѶϢרԣһʣͨɱңõӻƽ׽ס
룬Ȼɱһǣ⻹һ취ΪıһˮУ̡
ܿ£ֻҪڣܽԷһѪȡܽڵѪȡҪȫ֣пһ¾ͽһ޳ɸʬ
൱Ŀ¡
ǳͷžĵ׷
Ҫ֪ͷѪħõѪ졣ޱȣңѪǽһ
Ǿ¥ռǿ֮һνʿúܶʿ֮ɫ˭ѩеľͲɫס
壬һ롣
ѩЦ󣬲ûվǰ棬ֱӴӺ󱳾ôһȥеǰú壬׾پͱڣֱӽ뵽Уȴûκ˺漴һһξѪѾڼȡ
֮˳ڰѩбʮСɵģȻóһֻƿеľѪעƿУܷóһθ¶Ȼĳڴ˽ȥǵθ¶ʱڣָȡľѪܹգۼ䣬ָ
ЩѩתȥʧһС
Űѩ뿪ֻܿɫҲ䲻ʱˮƽһС
ף֣ոôˡ
Ҳ֮ѹһѣȻĸоոշʲôϸȥ룬ȴʲô֪ѩֵȥʱ䲻̶̼ʱͣ٣Ҳʲôͷ·һСʱ䱻Ϣ͵һ
̽һԼҲ֣ûκһ˶ûС
ֻҡҡͷûٶ룬ڴģǿٷսǣȻٽһ˰սҪ顣

ѻУڡ
һµİѩѾǰֱǰֻװѪƿ˹
۾ҲľѪ档ңȡѪʱûκβ£κ֪ѩٿ˵
ܺãȥҹŷɣֱȡһξѪԼ˵Ҫá׵ͷ
ڰѩӡ൱̵ģٶִ磬һʿʼǿ˼£ȴ㹻ǿսϣǲ׵ɳܹΪĴڡ
ԣ֪󣬵һʱȷ¶ңʮ־޴󡣸ԴʣǹǺġ
ɳиҿ϶Իʡ
ŰѩȥȡѪʱ
˽
۾
ͬʱݼ
λôʱһˡЦ˵
۾ոտף˰˰սҲûڣԥľͿѯʵս飬Ȼ鶼֪һħս֪ҪȻǺսǴġ
бҪĶ׸˰սʲôеȻһЦ
۾˾٣ֻΪһЩҪǿħսϣʵ̡ӦԽԽԽǿҵҹơ
˼ζ˵
жս޷ڼѻǵ⼸УĿڰУѻѰЩҹū԰ǿзķȻҹūôʧˡܱһʬǶҲ
ȻǱɱǱȫѹǾɻ
һǼǧҹūɱսǶôӴ󣬶ô˼֡ȫǳһֵ̣ҪʱΪսϵǿ
ĵ̲㣬ʵԶԶ󲿷ֶ΢ĩһļҵףǿҲ񲻵ȥǰȻûа취ڣеսൽòꡣȻˣβЩսķʽ͸ǿǵʵһǿģγʵϾ岻Ǵף˳
еȻһЦ
Ϊһö֣ôܻὫս׳ȥսʲôħսϣǾʵʵʵܹĴڡ
ȷʵзɢȥĴ㡣
ĻԻȡһ챦˵սϵʵõջǵ飬ֹһá
뷨ʱħսˡ
۾壬ʵ˫ػĿȥСһ
˱ˣӵӴսʱòϣҲһ׷֣ЩУ˿ڣǱԴǵ̣ô׷
־磬ʵ̫ˡ
壬۷


1592 ˲
ػ󺣰
ֵȫĸҪѰҵʥһͷԸֳһ˿ᶨ
۾дػܺɰٴ¡ҴףԲֻǵ۳ⲻǸոտʼ׵;ֹ
ҲԺһͷ
ĵԣػжδĳɾ;жػ㣬ƶʣþ£ĩ·ػľһ˳ӵ޵δ̤۷塣
岻ֻдס
磬ֲһеգ֧ͬļǡ׻ûǿ󵽿Գ״ĵز
ЩսУδܸ״Եɱ䣬ΪħսȴǸǸ
ԽǿԽǿ
һ໥顣
۾˾٣ȷʵ֮ʣ벻θǽҪϵϾҲԸδػ׽ЩսǴｻ׵鴫ȥѡĬܡ
ٴο˵
˿˿ʣУܻȡĺôʵ̫ˡϵ飬Уô׵Ĵǣ鲼ȵ뿪սǴ׵۳ӰȫԱ鲼
ĺô޷
дһŹϵʱ׵۳ӰУ޿ͳȺۡ
ֽײ̫ǰѻǿƶҲ˵ȫ׵ִκһսǣֻҪսǣڳͿ֮нףĻսֱƽ赣;лʲôʣ⡣ֱ۵չֳǴ׵ĵ̡
Ц˵
δزһκûᣬܳսϵģһеĶĲ˵ٶŹг˵ĵǡ

һҲһͬתȥ
£Ҫһ
ûãѩٴǰһ͹ģȻǹŷɵľѪҪһξѪ£еҪ󣬺ԥʹӦˣֱӱƳһξѪʾҪǲĻٸ
͹󣬰ѩҲ֪Ȥĸȥʱ䣬û˻˷ʱ䣬ץһʱ䣬ܵԼԴȱ£ÿһͻͽһǧ
ŷɣ˵ľѪȫ룬ԣǲĿѿ
һ䣬Ѿ԰С
ܿ԰УʤգһϮĿ
˲֣ܲһƬһƬġϽ˺ͮͮ³ųƬƬĢЩĢ˸λðɫʡ
ָҩ԰УǲӦӲϾ
룬޴ľʶ棬һε֮ˮѾ²١γһСˮأԱߣ©бȵϡ԰ҩ
©ɽ׼Ʒһ֮ң
б벻
ټľꡣ
ܿڲϣȻһööСС««һǽ죬Ȼɡǲ«ľǲҩܿĺ«ʮö
ڲ«棬ȻԿһ㻳˸
⻷ж٣ٵֻһĵɫͬ
⻷ԽģɢԽӵŨƺ̺Ų˼ʥҩ
ÿһ⻷һƷסԽˣԽ
ֻҩҪɱ䣬ÿһΣҪķѵʱ䣬ǼΪ˵ģԴޱӴ޴ޱȡ
ɣҿʲôġ
Ҳûгɡ
һ䣬ѾöҺ˳Һϣء
Һ˷һֵ֮ϡȻ󣬴ֻƿ
δ𣡣
ľѪеҺϣΪ׼ĵҺϣһȥʱͿҺϱ޵İɫȻ䱩һƺʼաӰ
δ
ľѪ£ҲҺϣҺ˲Ϣɽȥųľһɫ⣬ޱȡ
ŷɵľѪҲһڹ⸡֡
ڣףɫ⽻Ե쳣졣ƺܿһ԰廭档
ʢ֮ǰ̽鵽ѶϢȻûҵҺ˾ȻҪ˵Ľ֮Ѫг˯Ȼκη޷ѿһصķӡ˿̣Ҫƽ⡣
ĿãҲ¶һĨϲɫ
ζţһ֡
Ȼӡ򿪣Һеױ̼һУҺ˶ʱͷ˵ı仯öӶڷ⣬ңݳȻȻԪڴܱߵ֡Թɳ
ϡ
Ҳûгɣһ¶ֱӵҺϡ
ˢ
̺˲䱬Ȼ俪ʼѿһ룬УԴԴϵļȡϵ֣ͬҲڼȡ¶Դ֮
̶̼䣬ܿҺѾʼѿңѿٶȻʮ־ˣգۼ䣬¶使۵ңֳɳٶȻӣƬ̼䣬ͳһߡ
ܺãҪɳǱ۾͸㹻֣ܴﵽʲô̶ȡ
кģҪģɳ¶·ֵǮһ㣬һεγȥ
ÿһȥ˵ı仯֪УѾһ
ϣһʢ
лһֻӿأֳɫɫҡ
ңԴԴϵ¶£ҳɳٶȾˣÿ䶼ڱ仯ڳ󣬲֪ʱտԿϣһööɫңÿһöϸȥСͷ­ôˮۣȫܸܵɢ㡣
಻٣һǧö
һҡ
Ҳ̲סһڿˮժһöҲûгɣֱҧȥʼƷһҧȥվɫϼ⡣˱ǡ»֮ڡ
ζľζٴʳתʳϸ˷ܡٴοʼӣѪ붦Уöͨٶȸ졣
ңѿĸˣ»ˣ˶ӡ
˼»١ӣ߳ȥڤڤолԵͷ»ǹˣȻ˺ְͨн˸˲ãһԪꡣ˲˲𡣡
һԾ̾
ȫöǿ߻ڶꡣ
ֵɹ
صǣңֻˣΪڸȴ


1593 ԰ 
Ժܶ˵޷üֵ
ӣ·ܲȵ»ӣֻҪ̤Ϲٳƽƣ磬УֻܴﵽƷ»ӣԼл̤϶ƷǵһƷĸ߶ȡֱӣҪģԪʿꡣ
ЩԪҪľˣԽˡ
ؼǣҲߣ㹻ķḻһԾܽǧöҡ
Ϲͥ԰ңˮѷɫңҿԷܣܹҺȫµңȻˣҲͬԣһ԰ܾͥһᣬҴһԾһᡣδػѷɫ
пгҺµҺˣԺһ˿һͷа
˵Ͳʲô̫ѶϵˡͿʼ˶
ˢ
һ֣ܿϵңͬʱ䣬շڰգȻһ£УâţһööɫҺ˷׷״йҺϣκε⡣ͬһ㣬Ƿ
Һ룬ȴҡֶΣͬ͵컻ա
಻٣ǧö
ͥ԰Ҳ
һָ԰лֳһƬר԰ԺﶼıءһΣΪ׵۳ϱء˳⸣»٣Դ׶о޴ô
ڰҺˣ׼ȥʱȻԿһööɫҺͬʱųһ⣬ɫãʱȻһΪ
ÿһöֱӷֳöҺˡңǴԭɫҺˣɵɫҺˡΪڣףҺˡǧöɫҺˡһӱǧöɫҺˣǧöɫҺˣǧöɫҺˡһǧö
ɫΪ»ңɫңɫΪҡȴɽ׼Ʒһߡֵϣȴѷɫ١
Ѿһе
аԵͷףĸΪĳֹǲٵһǧ꣬ԣֱһΪֳ֣꣬ɸң»ңֶҡÿһ֣Чֻĸѷɫһѡ
磬ҵԪһءҵԪǧꡣȻ磬Уǿһࡣ
䣡
ûгɣһ䣬ǧöҺͬʱ£ֱУ
󣬾Ϳ۳Сص¶շһ绯£Ϊϸ꣬ЩҺϡӴ̼£кҶһ˲䣬ͬʱʼѿƿǶ
ңۿɼٶȷƬ̼䣬Ѿңһ˸ߵľءȫܸܵЩɢĶ
ƷֵĲֳͬ֡
һƬɫһƬɫһƬɫ
ݷ
̶ֳȺвûм¶нࡣʵ̫࣬¶Ѿټ֧ȥ
ܿԭȻСˮص¶ڣѾĴʣ޼ִģʵ̫ˣѾΪˡֻѡʱͣ¡
ϲˣϲˡܻȡ԰ô׵ĵΪ֮ԺԾʢ磬ģͥѷɫΪʲô֮ǰõħ԰ء
СԴб˳ſ˵
ϴοǵõʮöħӡô˵Ѿ㹻ˡȻħӾһ֣ƶĽɣɺķһö԰УҲδɡϾԼ԰ڣߵԶ漺
Ҳãô˻ᣬһɡҲǣÿħʲô챦
Ҳ棬Ҫ֪ħӳŲȷԣʲôܶУȫʱԴйأпܺãҲпܻħǿ鱦ģͨı
ûгɣһ䣬һöħӺȻǰ
ӿͷ·С˺ܶ౶һܸܵǿܿڲϵһǻŵʮֵ졣
óͬʱԺҲɿһͷҪһ޴⣬¼䣬ûȫͬħΪʱķѵԴǲͬģʱκһ𣬶һͬϣûƬͬҶһ
СԣûʲôõĽ飬еĻ˵
ͻȻС˵
֮飬һʶǶǳģǻԶһˡ
ҪҪõʲôħһͣ磬Ѫ磬ҩҩ챦ȵȡֹϵùֶöιʲôĲϣܵóʲôĹӡԣΣҪԼ⡣
СЦ˵
Ҫսףҩأ
Ҳаʡ
Ҫ˵սף׵۳ȱǿԭʼü֮սף֮ǿ԰ԼıκҪĸ졣ԣսףǲɻȱģҲҪġ
ڵҩ
Ժ׵ϣȫ𵽾޴ãټϣʦԴԴϵӣҩǰҪɡȱġ
һ룬ƺ󲿷ƷǺȱ
ţ¶һĨЦݣ˼뾹Ȼһʱ仹ҲҪõıȻǾһԵɡԵԵõʲôħ
ûҪģҲûʲôӵ˼άпա
΢󣬾óһ
񣬳
Щʯɢ˿˿⣬ңӨ͸ƺճơܸ̺ܵһ˿˿ܸܵЩǼΪĵرϵȱġ
ƷͣȼֵεʱѾ񡣼ֵ޷
Щл˲ٵ
ڴ˿̣ȻԥԴԴϵ˳
Ȼǽŵħǰ£ȻԿħдݳε·һڶ㣬ӲͽɽȥϢľ͸ˡ
˼Ȼ߲ܡ
п۾һžͽϵ˽ȥħ߲ͬܣж٣̶٣ȫΪɳϡյԽԽ࣬ܿħɢԽԽŨԽԽǿҡֳһʵĹâУȴʮֵİ޹
ŴǶѻպܿöħ޾УѿˡһʵĸСţһС


1594  ϻ
ǵģһֱӳ˳
ңܿħȫʶɣͨ嶼ʣӨ͸һƷ¡˾̾
࣬Ҫ񡣡
ƺܸܵдݳ
Ҫɳ¡
ܺã񱾵еǣҪٸ٣ҵǺ棬㵽ܳʲôеȤԽӵŨԴԴϵͷųѻ¡ȥ񣬴мȡٶʮ־ˡ
ÿ䶼дʧ
ɳϡ
УȫۿɼٶڳɳһϱڼȡеľΪ֣ٳɳ
һף
ף
ף
תۼ䣬ħͿʼչһ֦졣գۼ䣬ͳ߰׸ߣ֦Ҷڸܣÿһ֦ÿһƬҶʵģֱ覡̲סʮϲؼǣЩ֦ϣ֪ʱѾʼ䡣
һ񻨡
ɫɫɫɫɫ
Ȼ󣬾ͿЩУ񾫻ӻʼţΪһѤ滨Уܿһ˸ƮҹȫԻΪһյյҹơ
棬֡
пһĨ⡣ѾħһЩʲôһͬ𺳡ģѽ
ϲˣħѾǶıԳ֮ΪϿԽ֣⻹һ֣档ӵ覣аааң¶ȼߣмǿдԪԶԪøӾѵ챦֮һǺܶʿû뵽ֳħֵ֮ߣ֮Ҳѷɫ١
СһȸԾ˷ܵ˵
ɫУ棬ɫģ棬ɫ档Ʒ͵ģ̺ĻҲ͵ģģε͵İ棬𣬾ǿƻóɹʵõ
ﵽɫǾ
ؼǣ񻨰Żֻ֣Ҫ񻨣ڣܵκˡʮְȫȻ֣
ͺñڷУӵзٽҲһֱӾ÷ǵļֵΪʦʦƼսǣʮַ
ʮѵõģ൱̣ͺ棬УĻݱɣҪʱ䣬޷ģÿҲһѣȴһ𣬱鲼ħȻЩ֣ҪΪ𣬻Ҫ
л֣Ǹ֪Ҫ϶ٱֱû޷ȡ
Ҫ˵ڼֵҪѷɫ
ԴԴϵĺô޷
ðԺҴ׵۳ӿֳһܳʦʦž޴棬Ҫ칤еĽʦȫӵ֣ƷƷḶ́Ȼ죬ܹӴ׵巢չٶȡ
һйâ˸
һħĲ⡣
ӵǴĵ̡
ֻԺļ۸ֻ»ԽԽߡҪȻļ۸һ
һ䣬дϷֱժȡһ滨ֱڣУǿϵĵ̡ͬʱҲ֮
Ϣ䣬ͷ֣УͼжһִԪֻڵԪ;£ԣûеôֻǸԪһõġ
Ժһ꣬ͽ
˵ħûȫͬģǾԿͬһλʲôıеȤûʧӵǿҡ
һ䣬һεóһöħӣȥ
ͬøУͬǳ񣬾ûиκĵرͬģͬģھͿģֻʲôġ
ҪͬǾ͸˼ˡ
ħû⣬һοʼѿ磬ͨ嶼ʵģ֮ǰûֻ̫Ϲճصһ
֪УԴԴϵ£糤˲֦ҶϵĳձһƷħ
ϣȻԿ֪ʱѾһֻֻСϻЩСϻܿѾֳһصơƺЩ̺ĳأδ֪벻Ԥ֪
ңЩСϻŲϼȡϣһ׳ֱһֻֻʮףʮ׵ϻضȻһ壬˿覴á
ϻϲˣһħǱΪصһ֣޵Ŀܡϻӵ֮һ򿪣֮ͻȻתγɸֱпǵҩҲпǹͨȵȡӵһпܡɫĲͬϻĵȼҲͬȡⱦļҲͬΪɫɫͣɫߣֻҪժȡϻܹϳɳƷסңȡϣ޽ɣȡԽ࣬ڱϻпرʾԽ󡣡
СԿ¶˷֮ɫޱܵ˵
ڳɺѾ֪ħѶϢ
˽һȻףһħܸ״ô޴档
ϻǶ԰
һ¶һ˿֮ɫ
֪ϻѾףһ걦ļֵڶϣΪδ֪Ծжԣʯһʡûдǰûκֶ֪ϻװʲôŲȷԡпһĲֵҲпܿرֵǡ
úܶʿԴжĳֱû˭ֵܵסһҹĿܡ
һ˿ĿܣгǧԴԴϵͶȥ
ڴУȫԽЩħϻȡʵɶһݵ
е棬޷ġ
С˵ϻȫͨȡһ߾ʬЩʬУȡӵеͨطѪпܳΪϻеı֮һȻҲпϻгֵģֻһֲֵǮĶ磬һ޺ǣһֻ۾ʲôġ
ȻħǳŲȷԣͬӣͬȴֽȻͬıر𣬺֮ħӻҪȵ뿪ս󣬷شףڴ֮УĻﾡá
аԺһͷ


1595 ۻ֮
ʮöħƺ٣ҪǷڴУǾһ㶼Ե̫࣬ζֻ࣬ĳЩⱦøһЩѣȻԴ׵ʵԣо޴ġܴС档ħսҪȥȻ˷
˿ȥϻϹħϻϸȥֻгǧֻ֦ϣҡڣһĪջԵɫ࣬һЩɫɫɫֻǣɫĲûУȻڻûֲεϻȻЩϻժȡʱƣǻƷ׵ġɫ˫ɫ˫ɫɫˮɵġ
ﵽɫϻδǲܵ顣ɫϻп鱦Ҳδزܡ
һнпܡ
ǿһ̥Ҳȫлġ
ԿϻܿһЩʲô
һ˿ɫոճң»ٶǴһ۷״̬£Ǵδйˡ
ԣҲûгɣּ䣬ժȡһֻɫϻһֻ˫ɫϻһֻɫϻ
꣡
ϻϵֹһп̽Ŀ⣬ͫ޷͸һأһƬޡҪ򿪲ѣֻҪȷͿԽϻ򿪡һΣǵɫϻһСɫϻ򿪡
ϻ򿪵ͬʱܿһ׹ȻȻţƺصĵϡ
Ŀʼ
ϲˣӵɫϻлȡһͼֽ
СЦŹϲ
âɢȥȻԿϻйһͼֽͼֽϹճͼơ
սżͼ
нͼֽУϸȥȻԿͼֽϸֳ֣⾹ȻһսżĹͼΪѪħ
һսʮֲ׵սżڸֻؼչеĺĸҪԻеĻ֮Ϊࡣ֮ڻҪһ꣬սżηһ𹥻Ǿǲݣײе¡
ѪħսżҪȻҪѪͭΪҪϣɲһϡףȥ󣬿Ըҵ¸ɡ
аԵͷѪħһս֮ǿԴﵽףҲ˵ӵͼǿսսϣδػĽǿѷɫɸླ档սϣԡѪӵԴԴϵսսϵɱ¾
ӵɫϻܿıԿ˵󱬷ֵƣҪǷ棬ȻǺܶʦƴıȫԽ˴һֻѪħɵĿܴսϣֱײҡ
Ǻö
ԴˣҲ⡣
ˣûǾԿġ
ǳң󱬷
漴ûгɣͼֽٴδ˫ɫϻ
꣡
ϻУڰױáһƷڳϻС
һڵ¯Ź¯ΪһƷв׵棬Уõҩȴо޴棬ӳɹʡӳʡʦ˵ǼΪıֵƣ֮ǰĿͼֽѷɫ
С۾һٵ˵
¯ַϱͬ׷ҪϣǼֵѣЧҲ⡣ȻǷƷ
һ㣬Ȼûʧ
ƽ
ɣɫϻֻҴʲôľϲ
һٴκɵĴһֻϻ
ˢ
ɫתʱһƷǰ
һɫ񡣡
СԿ¶֮ɫǵһʱ˵

һȣϻкȻһɫ񣬿κεϢֻǷ·ͨʯһûųʲô⣬ôƽƽϣ⡣
һ
ﲻ鱦ؼ漣ĲڣС׼ȡôÿһ̺컯ڵؾоۿֳ֮ѶϢ
Ĵڣһڣ̳
̳ʲôǴﵽ̨Ҫĵӵ֮һԣʱĻ̨ӵȹ̣ޱȣû룬ĵ̨Ҫһʵϣڴﵽ̨ǰһûа취ʹġǴͨߵȨ
ڵľ磬ͬûʸȥʹá
ռ
εȷʵǮ򲻵Ĺ屦ܶռһ£վд綼õϡ
аԵͷɫ˳񲢲Сгͷ­ô󣬿ᡣУһֱĴУ²Ҳһ鱦
ЩƷҲûмȥһ԰ĵͷҪ˶ãһʢδػ¡

ʱ֮Ȼš
ÿҹкҹϷ죬УУǺܶǿԵʱ̡ڰѻǸˣϵѰҸҹūһ֣ǺѹߡȻ󣬻һ¡Ǿսенס
ÿսǸͣһЩսе֮һϲЦտͻȻһսľսʵ֮ǰ˺ü̴ӵǼʮǼս
Եı仯ǣҹٴҹʱս˵ɱҹɵĵֵȥ
֮սǵ˵˲䱩
ʵڷٵķı䡣
ѻǵҲſٴУ
ʱ꣬ѣϣȵȳƺţϼӹϡ
ͬʱа취ҹūоתԼ˵Ҳ￪ҲΪϾսҪǲ˵ԴҪ˷ӵͷ
ǾͲҪġ
ԴҹоףǿʵᱻΪ˷ӣ׳ޣ׷׳塣
д󹦡
޲ȻֽסͲԽԽá
Ȼ˭֪ÿξܹж١һܣҲû˻ȥõôУٴǾԽˡ
֪УѾȥü졣
嵱ׯ뿪Ѿ졣
ոմתйâһȻԿ֮ǰׯܸǿƲ֪ʱѾʼɢһ⣬ķĶ·һڿת
зӦˣۻҪʼô֪ǰģЩʲôĴǿߣڴ
Ŀãжʱ¶һ˿ǿҵڴ
ûгɣһ䣬һԪעС
ˢ
շ𣬻Ϊһ⣬γһţȻĳǰ
źкԥվ̤˽ȥڰѻǣ֮ǰѾŮ˵£ԣġ


1596 
̤ţȻľʹȥ
ף
ڴһʱ󣬽Ȼĸֳһֽ̤ʵصĸоٴοȥʱȻԿĵطƺѾħսħս۰׹ǣصħɽˮȻ
ȻԿһɽ
һʮֹϵĴɽɽϣٲȻһһۿȥһĪĸӦ
ɽ
пһɽµʯȻֳ׭֡
ɽĪǵһǰôȥͬӦѾϹˡʱһ·Ļ𣬰ĻһʾˮĿ⡣
תȥȻԿһɫϱһڹŽһֻƺ«ʿվ
Уѣʵơ
пǰ꣬˿ûΪ˿Сӣܳģ˭һǿߣĶܣʥ䣬һΪսˡڣԶѰʿĸɼ򵥡
ڸӦУͬɲ⡣һĽ档
ȻǴ׵۳֮׵ѣһһᣬƶ¶һ˿֮ɫ漴Ц˵дһ˿׽

Ҳӿֳһ˿ȣ漴һλ˭
˭Уν˲֪˲
ȫʦǣǡҡֶŴӣԳƻصˡ޵֮նд˵Ϊ潣ɡ֮Ϊ̰ɡ
ңഫżΪǶ۾תһޱۺݵλؼ䣬ҲһУһʵǳסʷϣžصĵλȻΪȣķͬ£ңͬȾơ
ƣûжٿ޾ƲоƱ
￴Ҳһ죬ҲԾ̾һεľۻᣬȻһܹģЩĴʥߣƽʱѵһֶ׳֣Ȼ̨ϣƾǵĵ̣ҹ콾Ҳ޷ײ
ڵʵʣҲЩ׼Ȼ£Ͼǿֻһ˭˭
صЩһԪľη
ԭǴ˵档ҵһǰ֪ɽʲô
Ҳûгɣ漴Ϳѯʵ
ʣûʲôɳܵġ
׵׵۵ݣξۻᣬʸ룬ɽҲ֮Ϊ綴졣֮ǳȻ˵ܻҪ˵Ӧòİ
Ц˵
Ըꡣ
кɵѯʵ
ɽׯۣ֮Ԫӡ
Ҳûʲôӣ³һ
ʲôȻԪɡ
Ҳһȷʵû뵽ɽˣȻԪɵʥ֮Ҫǲ֪ѵĻֻ»ΪڿЦ
ҲͲ⡣
ԪӵݣȻǺʵĶܣĴͨߣǴˡʵһָݣһʥ߷һΪǿߡٳ죬¡ۻᣬ֪ǿ߻֮͡
Ǻǣ߰ɣȥ֪ΪεĶ϶Ĳˣ˵һλлƷ˲ιȻֻлѣһĻСɲҪ̫
Ц˵
˵꣬漴ǰɽȥ
ɽнݣһ·쵽ɽϡɽܻͣвľ֡
˵ɽ·Ҳͬƽһ㣬û̫𣬺׾͵ɽǰ
ڵϣȻһҡ
ۣ
ڳ߹

ĵٳ
һۡС
пҲɰ̾ۿѰʵһһľȻޱȵںϽɽˮ֮䣬ľ֮УûͻǻȻһ塣
ӭλǰۣʦͣλ롣
ſڣȻԿһµŮһ۵վſڣӭűͣһͯ
컨Ҷӭͣôϴθ˵ҪҪҴǳȥ棬ǺĺܡгԵģкȵġдһ顣ǸҵͯӣҴԺ쳾ʢ
ЦǺǵĿͯӣζգգ۾ָ˵ûУһλǴ׵۳֮ͳŴƬ֮࣬ĵ۳ǿǷĺܡóԵģģӦоСҿɲƭǡҪҪӦˡ
п΢΢¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ
ȻܿⴿҲڸִͯȤǣڳйմ˼ҵͽܣͯǲ̫޼ɵ˰ɡ
治³һӻӳʮǧ
˵Цˣ쳾ɽã쳾ֵĵطеĵطǸʦΪ֣ͲջˡȥɡͶѾˡʦϾҪʼˡ
ҶЩˣæ˵
Ǻǣã濼ǡ
ЦЦһھƣ漴˽ȥ
Ҳһ̤ͬ룬ɲҪʲô뺯֮ģƣܽǾζʸǰ컨Ҷ˵еݣ͸ӲֻǿĿԵЩ档ȻҲ˵֡
ˣγ۵ľۻᣬĪ
кѯʵ
֮ǰʹׯܣֻûеõȷеѶϢڿܾۻȻͬһ㡣治еô򵥡
ĴܼǿߡشǷģһһָÿξۻᣬֻǽ۵۵ĹУÿһ˶мĺôΪһﵽԪ֮ϣʵ򣬷ѾǴҪĸĵҵԼĵ߳Լ·Ǿǵѡһ·ǰУǧͬУʦ
Ц˵
⵹ڴ
׵ͷ
ûгɣʱѾһƬ
ϣȻܿһ¯ȼ㣬ڿУŵ󣬲ԾĿĸдԾıӵĿ
ܣһֻֻš
ϣһ͡
ܿĳÿһɢϢԵýȻͬʲͬ粻ͬԷũؤȵȣνǧٹ֣ңҲׯܵӰ
ׯƺҲУ׵ͷ΢΢ЦЦȴûж˵ʲô
棬ȻԿһˣһۣһƮȻɷǡ
һҲû˵
ƺھȴš
пûжԣҲԱһеšֱ¡


1597 
µͬʱҲڹ۲ܵʿ
ܿ࣬Ҳ٣͵ĶУʿУСܶɢϢԵɲ⣬һ䣬˰Ȼ
֪ȥãмʿǰ
УһŮ˽¡ʱҲеע⣬ϸĴһۡ
Ůȫܸܵһ֮˲Ծһ־η·ǧ顣ĳ̶ֳϣһ˿⣬һ˿ͬ
òӺݻһۿӡ̣
ĳ֣Χŵʿ׷׵ͷʾ⡣Ȼݵλͬһ㡣

֪УѾĲ࣬û˼ִ
λѣۣҲƶңξۻᣬֵƶ֣վۻ̣۵ٽ֪λΪΡ
׵ĳ˵
ʣΪžۻȻǺƽ顣
һɵ
ȻûľۻȻֻйһΣѾ¿ѭ³Ȼǳʲôġ
Ǻãש񡣡
Ȼûжɵ˼һھͿʼԼĵ
أģ֮УԷ顣֮У֮ĸ֮
ʼ
ĽУеĻ·̺һֲͬѰĵϡֵϷ·һΪεصϣԴԴϵԺСĵܹᵽַıá׳ĵǼȡֵϣΪĸ򣬳ΪԼĵ̡
һϣøǿ
ֹ̺
ͬУĸоŵһεĵǰǰδеͬʱܹϮĸܵĴ
ⲻԪӵĵ
һԺȻȻĸֳһͷڳ˵ĵԪӵĴԪʲôߵǵ֮
ԣؼ䣬Ԫֱ֮Ϊ֮档
ʲôǵݣǾߵĿٶ죬ԼһУȫ֮ڣ׳ǿֶ죬Զ٣ֱγءһʮķš
ǾһΪý飬һĴ뵽µĴУɽٻȡ֮۳أΪأĴأ⸣ء⸣عءָأ˵ǣأȡ֮֮ߵ޾֡
ȻУҪϵڵĵɽ֮õӵͨңñԴӣȻȻӰ죬ʵǽӡ뵽֮Уտһ֮䣬ɽ֮
ڣڴϣͿӵԴԴϵأ⵱УһĴڡԱ֮ǿ޿ɹ
ԪΪ֮棬ǵһĿߡиж鱦飬ƾ飬ûнŵ磬ɿԸ£ֱӽƬԼƿطΧ֮ڣУӵе֮
Ԫӵݵλ˵ؼܹӣʥҲˣڴϣʥ˶޷ɱǶ൱˭ʤ˭ܣ֮䣬˭˵ܹ棬ôܻͨ
Ҫ˵֮
Ŀ֪ܲ˵еҵʮ죬ʮؾԲİЩ츣أԵ֮۶ɣ޵֮ߣһ䣬۳ĸض죬ͻữΪؾ뵽ؼ䡣Ϊؼϱأʥء
֮γһ컯
ܶʿΪƳ硣
Ȼܶɢ޾ߵĵ֮Ϊ֮۳أҩȡĵرõԴܵõطֺôʤֻǣԴ֮󣬺Ѱصһ㣬Ҳб׵ġ˵Ǻûǻ
ȫѡѡ
ڳģȴǵ֮һµĴȻִûгƣȴѾ˳ΣľΪ۽ˮɾ
УؼĻʯȹ̵ĸڣѭϢľΪд߷ϣǳ
Ȼֻǳһ֡
治Уķ򡣱Ϊһ¯һĳɾģĳ֮
ò˵ȷʵ˻Ƿ
ȻɻΪʲôԪӲߵ֮ĵ£Ծһֶ֮С
񳹵׳ڵУڣŷ仯
ȻȻתʵϣڣûֹͣתÿʱÿ̶Ԫ
ǿߡ
񾳣Ԫơ
ЩѾңԪҲѾɡڣѾߵƵĽײ㡣񾳵У񲻶׳۴塣ơ
ǰ̣еĵ̣Դ£ٶȻ졣
۶ơͲһĹ̡
ʲôƾԻÿ˵ƶҪĴڣƣͬǴ߲ͨεһݡ
۳ʲôʵ޹߳ĵżĹ
ܶƣѹ
磬ۻơ磬ѩƵȵȣÿһƣԻǻϴͨܶʿƾʱݱɡҲ֪֮֮ۡ
ƣĵ
ԣ۳ʲôƣĵž޴Ĺ
Щ꣬һֱڴĥĵϵĴϣܵϱøǿõɱ׳ˣƣͬ۳ˡ
ƣûпȥۡѡݱ䡣
Ҫģѹƣѹƣѹơ
ֱѹƲסȻȻڶⷢɱ䣬õ
ڴ˿̣Ѿ׸оڱѹƵʼѹƲסˡ·ܵĴ̼ܵĿʼɱ䡣
ͼУܿ۷ųһ貵⣬Ȼһ䣬̤ͼͼ֮ϣȻ˫ȻȻ̤ͼϡƺͼǽ´أ̤ϣΪһ塣ǽ
̤ͬʱܿѪУϲԼͬų⣬ԻǳΪһǳ֮⣬۷ҫڡ
۷Уһ֮𣬳ͷΪһһٵԪһһڸֵͬʱϱԴͶǳ֮⣬ԴԴϵûУΪһööķģңֻȭͷСڼȡϱԴ󣬼


1598 ޽ٶɶ
ͬʱۻʴϣҲ۷ԴԴϵ뵽У۷еԪѾΪʵʣ֮ȫʵ飬̤磬ҲܸתƿطǬ
ۣľˮϣ׶ϣۣģϣӿȪʳʶ쳾ռ䣬ڰеıԴ֮ԴԴϵĹעУַ֮ķģϵ˸á
໥ײ䣬ȻȻںϣɱġ
ڵۻ֮ͳ֮£гĽںϡ
ڲϱãⲻ˸
ɫѤޱߡ
ͬʱųĽһصķԴԴϵ뵽һС̣ȻȻݱ䡣
֪ҵƻʲô
һ̣Ҳɵĸֳһ˿ڴ
δ֪ĸоʮɰѿأȴ޵Ŀܡ
ʱƣܿһѾԽԽ󣬳ͷһ̣һ֣ͷ죬̤أصĸо
޾ڱýײĵϡ
Ҫˡ
аԵͷѾоԼƼΣĽ׶Ρ
ˢ
Ȼ򣬾һֻ̣۷Уһƾո֣˲֮УñɫƣһӻΪɫ·һɫڷеģܵĳֲ˼Ĵ̼ų޾⣬УƳۣΪϽ֮ɫ
޽ٶɶơ
һ̣һֱܵĸӦ׵Լͷʲôʲôָоʮ
ܿ޽ٶɶֳͨһϽɫݳ޾֮һۿѾף󲻿ԡԼ
УƺкУǳ䡣ڣϽȾ졢쳹һյյϽɫζɶ֡ÿһյܸܵһĵϣҫƣ֮ÿһյɶڣϽ˸ƺӽзϴ飬־
֮⣬󡢴֮£ǰˮԴԴϡﲻ쳣
һ޽ٶɶƣһаס򷨲մκαĹһͨ˺ȥһжѣ޽٣֮ǿȻκαѷɫһйǶƵĴһнѣƵϡ֣н١֮ǿ޼ޡһɳ鱦֤
Լ۳޽ٶɶƺУҲһ𾪣Եһһķƿơһ򷨲֡
ơ
Ҳ޽ٶɶƣڵĺԵʣûкֻºѴﵽֲΡ
ˢ
۵һɲǣȻԿȻȻĳУ֮ϡÿһܿķ˸·һƪƪ˼ɾйϵڻص
񾳣ԪơͼͼΪأ޽ٶɶΪ죬۷м䣬ءŻۣɵԲָоһصϣȻԡ֮ĸӦȻ˵
ҲɰԸп
ǰֶΣһΪսûг񾳣ֻǶݵӵһεսѣĸȴõģܸȣȫʵ顣еĸ򣬶Ϊսһ䣬ͿԵ֮ʹ򣬻ΪǿͨѹһС
ͬʱܸܵĵϣɱս뵽УԸɵеϷ򡣻Ϊĵ̡
֪УϱԴһӣ
ƣ۷塣
ͻʱĲȻʿģһǾḻĴǿߣʵƲϴܣһʶȴû˿ѷɫ
Ȼ֪иոշʲô
Ѿõͻơ
۳ƣѾ˵һ𶥼ǿߡ龳Ѿ֮ң
ԱߵŮޣׯܣ˶ǿһۡĿҲ⡣ׯܣ¶һĨЦݡ
ʵԽǿȻ壬ĺôԽ
֮ӡֻҪˡȺʱҪˡ
˿һĨзһ̾
һ龳ɲߡһСģͻǰһ֪ס콾Ǻķһ޷ͻơ뵱꣬ƿһؿķѶľȷʵͻƵĴʱںϣԪؼ䣬һзϲԶκʱץסλᣬʱĽӣץסֻ»Ȼˡ
ģ˭Ⱥ֮У֪顣
ڸоͻƣﵽ۷壬ƺҲǰ̾ٶ֮죬˾̾ʣ˳˼ӳ֣ԴٶȻһˮɡ
ǲҪһĴ
ڸֹؿֻҪԸ⣬ˮɵĽͻơ
龳Ҳ׶Σ꣬顣
ʲôһĺڣĻǣ飬˷ǣУһֻת˻ڣػؼ䣬˳֮Сǳפڷླʱֻǣ۵ֻ˻ػǡ˳֮С
ԣǲδԲ
ﵽ龳Ҫģ˳н껽أǣڡԲ顣
̣νǣع
˳ʲôǹᴩ壬һ߳ӣ޴ڣ޴ѰһУܿˣΪԿ̽˳ڶԷܹ꣬δһ˿仯˳еһ˿켣
һӣǺе㣬ͣϢǰںйŲǰֻҪ޷ѣͻĳ˵Ĳбȥ׳١ȴһε
龳ʵѾ̤ͨߵһҪż
ĿģҪ˳ǣعԴ֮Ҳ졣ˣ޷״˳п̽˹켣δ仯
һ磬Գ֮Ϊˣɡ
֪Ѷж
˳ӣôѵˡ
Ⲣûлᡣ
Ϊﵽ۷壬׳֮ϵȻȻøӵĽԽϵ̽˳ӡ˳Уȡһ˿֮
̣ǿ
̽˳ӡ
˿֮۳һ˵ͣҲп֮֮ΪԻΪѪΪͣΪߡ۳һ˵͡


1599 龳
һ۳˵ͣͿԽˣ˳дԻΪԼ֮㣬Ļᣬޱѵá
Ϊ˵һʧ԰ٷ֮ٵĽԼ֮ʧܵļʸߴųɡһԣּʣ΢Сĺܡʱ˳ôܻԼе㱻ߡݵ谭ǵУ˳Ӳ޶á
е֮㲻޶á
漰
һ˵Ͳǿ󣬵Ͳǿͻ۶ϣǿ󣬾ͻᱻֱ߲ͣͻϡһϣȻȻͻ֮𣬵ȡľٶȻʧܡ
ȡĳɹʣһߵģΪһΣ˳ӻᱻ̫ĹעҪǵʧˣ֮֮ʩӵļͻһ㡣˳ӵϵͻһ㡣һ֡
ԣһεĻġ
һ˵ڶΣɹʸͲ˵Ҫٵ֮ʴĸ࣬أأҪѣǾ͸졣
ҪǵλǼ͵ûκϣԶֹڴˡ޽֮ͻ֮
ԣ龳û˭˵аٷְٵİաκһ˿⣬Գܵĺ
ǣǴܣѾ˳ǣ뼺Ȼתڱڣԣʿǵ˵ȫˮɣΪת꣬ԭĵڶһ飬ɳ׳ɱ䡣
ȫĺ¡
֮󣬲ɹ
龳֮㣬ǵѶȣʿ֪Ҫ϶ٱѣѣѰ
аԸ̾еĿԵЩӡ
˵Щ̫硣
бһǰһû˭ֻȲǰС
һٶ˥ߣȻѾƣﵽ۷壬Ǿͳô˻ᣬһֱͻ龳ﵽ龳һĶǿߣҹҲԾѹҡ
Ժͬڿתͷ
龳Ȿһ硣񣬽ߣ͵ס޲ֱͻơɽ
ˢ
ʱͻȻ䣬ͬʱ䴫ݶ
׵ѣұͻ龳ʱһЩͻƾ飬ݸ㣬׼
׵ۣ龳ͬСɣͻƻ֮ǰһЩͻƾ飬ϣܸ

һݶ
žһݷͻƵļ䴫СиͻʱľӰ
ʲô
Ҳɵһ±ơȫû뵽ͻȻ֮мʮͻ龳ʱļ仭棬ʣһּΪĴУϾ龳ͻʱÿһζޱȱľ飬֪벻֪ȫ¡
漴ҲһĨж᲻֪ЩλʿݹġѾԼͻƵ۷壬Ѿ׼ͻ龳һЩ飬һ֮
ʣõ׼
ݺ⣬ȻҪܡ
ûʲô˵ģȻĿʼۿ
һ鿴ҲǴջ񡣶ңǲСջиһ˿Ȼԭˣԭ˰
ιۿаתͷײǻ۵Ļ𻨡
ȻˣǾͳȴһͻ龳
һûκγɣһ䣬ܵľ飬ֱӽУ۷ڵ겨
ǣֱ꣬ϡ
еȫڣ˳Ż֮ӦһεֱӴݳȥһڴݹȥ
֮ϵܲɷ֡ǼԶҲܸӦӲҪ˵뱾֮ϵԶϿ
˳ڤڤеĸӦȻһƬ֮ء

ˮϻص
ǡ˳ӡ
Ŀһɫĳڲϵǰʣ㣬Ҳյ㡣֪ʼ֪սᡣУƺÿһˮж̺䣬ƬΣڱáһۿȥ·޾ǰ
ǲ˼飬˾̾
ˮУһɫĻδ
аٻУȥҲûгЩ˶ںаǰУƺųƲںŪЩС΢ںзţ沨ʱĳûȥʧ
ǱǿõһǿĻ㣬Ȼӽ׳ʵλϦȻʱпУʧˡ
паԸ̾޾ĸд
ʱ䲻࣬ƾ֮ϵִ˳ӣܳ־ãѾܸܵһεųҪԼųȥ
ڴ˿̣˳εĸӦȻĽעһ
ȻԿһϽɫĻںгΣ㣬ͽ˶ͬУһָң£ǿϢһε塣
ʱ㱾˳УͻȻ䣬תУ˳֮ıãȻ伤һˮӺ漤
ڡ
۾һһͷ
붼룬ȫ־һʱ˹ȥˮȫסڰסһɲǣƬռдݵų˲ﵽ۷塣֮һתʧ
˳Ӽǰ
ˣ֮
Ҳڵһʱָæ񺣡ֻ޽ٶɶϣȻһɫҺƾո֣棬֮ȻתԼ䣬˲ĳϵ
ڤڤУ˵ĸд˲Ķࡣ
ָоǿôˣԼӦתصı仯ǰδе
аԸеĲͬ
ɣһɱ䡣
ˣĸдأǨ
ָд
˿̣龳ס
һε֮˳ڤڤеĸӦڣȻϴѪ⣬꣬ɱ䣬ʮ죬翴ףڵı仯ȴܵ
õ֮ϴڶ˸ı䡣һ˵Ϣ
ÿ죬Ȼ׵ۣȻһɶûУѡ龳ǹϾסؼֶһ콾ǿߡ
˼һ
׵ۣлҪཻһħսؽ󺣡ƲŪؼĳ
ʱӢۣǻƽҪ١ӡֻ¾ʹ˻᲻ڡ
һʿֲܵһһָͷȻе̬ȶСĸı䣬Ϊ磬ܷ̤ĳȦӣõԷϿɡȻһ̣кȻĵõϿɡ
ϲ׵ѽ龳ؼֶһɿ˵ǿߡ
½Цſйص


1600 ڶ
صһˣ֤顣
ʿҲ׷׿ڵء
龳ѾһȫµĲΣû˭ܹӣһ㣬ڳͬˣģȻһΪǿ󣬿ͬǴ龳ĲΣûг׳ޡڶԣǶǴͬһ֮ڣû̫
УͬԼ
ϲ龳ͬ˿ӣÿһҪСĽٽҪ֪̽ˣ۳˵ֻǵһһ˺棬޷Ļ˵Ͷ飬Ҳ˵޷֮ǰŬ׷ѣҪ´˳ȡ֮ٴ˵͡һٶ˥ߣһιҪٴȡ֮ͻ졣ﵽ龳۷壬ĿԾͻһ㣬Ҫע⡣
ׯЦŶпѵ
ȻУһֱʮֵĿأؼһУٵľʾ
гʲô⡣ҪˣǶԣһĪʧʧȫǲҪܵġܱ⣬ȻǾܵıΪá
лǰָ㡣
׵ͷʾл
ξۻᣬһλѣشҶӦѾ֪ˣؼһ˳׵۳֮׵У׵ѣӦö׹жšξۻᣬ׵Ѽ룬ͬһϲ¡
ЦǺǵ˵
ȻеĵһֱǱϲּ̬ȡܼ룬ѵõĴ¡
λǰ̫ˣҲǸոһɾͶѡλȣԶеȻһЦдһ˿ǫѷϾģһһʱ˽ܣǿߴܡ
ûʲôǫѷġһԪһԪ飬һԪһԪһԪУ׵һΪΪ˾塣ǲУ˿ûκǣǿ˵ʲôǰֱӵƾͿɡﲢû̫ļɻ䣬Ҿһ𣬾໥۵һͨޡ
Ц˵
Ȼһǿߣ߳ڸԵĵֻһξֻأٴתڶÿ˶ѡ֮ǰͬĵ·ѡһµĵ·ÿһˣ¿ʼ໥۵ĹУȡ̣Ĺ̡
˵
λѾȻѡ¿ʼĪǴ߳ȫµ·뱾ںϣöΪһ塣ͻƣþΪһΡ
һĨ⣬ԺѾֳͷײֻ𻨡ԼѾ²⵽ڶЩܵڡ
Ϊɵڶ߳µĴ۳ȫµĵΪ߱Դͬԭ򣬵֮䣬ǿ໥ںϵģһںϣȫĵ׷ɱ䣬һٳԭȵĽޡǴĺôȫ޷ģ˵ͻƿƼ
ںϣ˵ȫһǰδеĪԵ
ֻؿ֮ŻԷָԪķʽתֻأڶӵеڶҲ͵˵ȫлͷκʿУƾ˺ܶ·һ̶ȣѾ޷ٻͷڣĻᣬʣȫֲһԪź߳ԼҪߵĵ·
֪ǶôҪ
ÿѡĵ·Ȼ뱾ͬͺñң֮߳ѡȴǴĽΪһĽޡ׿һдֻΪһ򷨡
ˣȫԳ֮ΪɡһȻԽʵߵȴǴĽֻԽѡҪһ飬̤·
糤Ԫߵǵɴ۵ɵһΣߵȴǳҪ̤һ֮𣬳ϣų档
ȫµĵ·УбǰĻۣȻһʼߵ˳˳ˮԽ棬ԽҪḻĴǱ
ͺñȸոյĳԼĳ̺֮ĵϷ򣬶Ķ档ջиڵĴ̼£ֱͻ龳
Ч֪
ɱˣ¸ǿ߽½ⲻԺܴ⡣
Ժһͷ
֪ڶҲ֪ɱˣ⵽ǶôĳԹȫ˵ǲĳ̶ȡԴҲֻбˮڡʱӦǡ
ã۵֪λԸ⿪
ѯʵ
ƶɡ
ңЦǺǵ˵һ䡣
漴ҲûгɣſھͿʼԼĵһĵУȻԿһƳͷУȻԿƺһֻڷ裬Уһ粻ںĴ£
ƣһΣңߵĻ֮
νģȻҲԼ֮֮
֤ķţȷʵʮֵأΪ֮ϲʿ£ԾĳУ·ξ֮С
ڵУҲٴγȥУõٵĺô
ֿʿҲǽÿ˵ĵж֮ĸо⼫ߣңеϵл໥ںϣ໥ٽõɱ䡣
ʱУ·ȫû塣
ȫоʱš
֪УѾߵβ
һ³һ󣬽ҲȻĻģûпڽ֪ǸոͻƣңǵһβμӾۻᣬԣĹա
ˣΪֹ׵۱Ͼոͻƣνȼ£һٴξۻǣ׵ΡЦǺǵ˵
ã׵۳ǿޱȷ˼ʱ򣬿ҪŪЩþȣҿ˵ſ֮Уʱ򣬶ſɲ˿İ
۾һԥľ˵
һ˵һſˮȻƳѾڶﲻϷ
ȻֻҪԸ⣬ʱ򣬶ſȻҪж١زλʧԥ˵ﻹ᲻֪ĽԼһȦеˡ
ҲζţݱϿɣңһξۻʸ䵽СõĺãȫǺô
۵ȻǽͿʼɡλҪʲô˵໥ףͨޡأҶӦúһжԸǿΪλש񡣡
˵һ飬һҵľľ࣬Ƹ࣬ȴ಻ǹ̨Ĺ屦в٣Ծһ֡
УȻܿһ֦С


1601 
֦͸һѾڵùľ·ʱ飬࣬ǣľУȴӵŽǷǧ꣬ĸฯãɻޱ仯˵ľɵ
ʮϡ٣ͬ漣ı
ƷУ˵̺漣
ԣÿһʮ
ںܶ˵ļֵǷͬһġ
һ㣬ǾǣԹ̨Ҫġ̨һʮľ硣
öľڹ̨ôľԵĴþ͸󡣲֪׼νסĿãһ˿ɫѯʵ
ƶڽҪͷҪֻʥҺһ˿ֻصϣ㹻ֻʥҺһľȻ˫ַϡЦ˵
֮ںϸַΪһ¯ٵɱȡΪϣɳȻҪֻʥҺһֻصķϣҪһ˿ֻ֮ԼĴ֮УǿĸȻֻĹ屦ޱȵ
ȻҪֻʥҺⶫɲŪֻУңΪֻع屦ֻֻ̣޾ڤӣתصֻ֮ÿǼ仺ϡ١䣬ǶǶǿԴ֮һôܿ׵õѡ
һԷʿҡҡͷ˵
ܿԷ£ɢһǿϢһĪѹһڸͷôǰòƺڣֻ˵ͨꡣɽ俳Է򡣵Ȼû˻ľãֻһԷһͨԷôܳһȺܼʿ֮С
Է˭ֻԳԷ򡣽ԷͿԡ
ֻʥҺֹ屦ҲûС̤ɲʲô顣
һũʿҲ˵

пһũһ˿ũʶû뵽ȷʵһ˿⡣
ֻʥҺĻлһЩ֪ҪȡΡп˵
ֻʥҺԱ˵Ȼϡѵãʮ󣬿󣬿ɶ˵ӵֻ̣ںйֻ磬Ͷ̥תսϣɱҹаħд󲿷걻׹ڤѻһȡһ֣ϢȡУֻ֮С
ңȥֻصص㣬ֱָ׵۳Ľ֮ڡ
ô˿ڵԱȻӰҲֻһֶѣֻأģֻ̣ҲֻһСֵӰ졣Ƶѡ״棬ޱȾ˵ġǸ״˿ڵֻֻʥҺԽԽ࣬ӡ
ÿնջʱ䣬ֻʥҺҲܿɹۡ
Ҫƽʱóڽ龳˳֮ʵ㹻ó˾̽ҲκβáңӵֻʥҺϢݳȥȡ棬Ŀеĵλء
ʵҲˡ
ӵֻʥҺһ׷׽Ŀ⿴˹¶֮ɫ
㾹ȻӵֻʥҺ屦
¶֮ɫǺ档
ҴѾǰܹͨᴩԻͨޣĵرеȻһЦֱ˵׵۳ͨ顣û˵ֻʥҺġ
Ȼ϶¶һ˿ȻԺѾȷֻʥҺдõģҪȻ֮⣬ûܡųܣΨһʣµľֻʵ
жڴ׵Ӹ༸֡
ܹ磬棬޷ġ̫ˣ޷ĵز
Ȼ˭޷̽Ͼеʵѷɫ١
ãȻ׵ֻʥҺȻòʮΣֻҪʮֻʥҺͿԻȡľͿ˵
ֻʥҺǺöԼӿٶȣӿط򣬸׽صϣһΣ˻ȡһĵУеĸ˿Ӱ쵽ĸֻͬгꡣ޲ܴ꣬ĵرȵȣ͡ʲô򶼿ȥгĹЧ
ʮΣֿ࣬ʵѾΪֻҪ൱ʮС
оΪᴩУͺñڣڵĵУͲһǧꡣʱѾﵽǧꡣͻΪ龳ʱԡ֮ٴαﵽǧһĸ߶ȡ
еӣǶ޴̡
УԽ棬Խӡ
ãʮֻʥҺ
׵ͷóһֱƿƿкȻװʮֻʥҺһε£ڳǰ
ȻֻʥҺ
õ󣬴ϸһۣͷ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ洿ֻϢ˼ٵġԴˣ⣬ȷϺҲûгɣǽľ͵ǰ
ºҲζţ׳ɡ
ɣǲݷڵġ
Դˣͬ⡣Ȼûн̨ɴﵽ龳Ϊ֮ĵ̨ŬǰڵĻ۲ҪġȫռָԴ
ֻʥҺǺö׵ѣлûУһͼֽضвС棬Ӧûõϡʱѯʵ
ȻֻʥҺֶ˭Լӵе̫ࡣ
֪ʲôͼֽ
пѯʵ
ͼֽؼʮı֪ʶĳֽ˵ļա
ͼֽ൱һֲɿԴͼֽ˵ֻҪͿڲɼֿʯͭȵȣֻҪԵĿʯֱӲɼȡɿڡɿЧʣǳ󣬾ֵӵУǶӵ˳˵󡣡
Ц˵
ǺöɿʮּѵģҪھȻʮּѣѰõĿʯ͸Ӻķʱ书򣬿˲ɿ󳵾Ͳͬȫ֮
Ĳ̫ˡ
Чȫûа취ȡ
ȷʵǺö֪׼ȡٵֻʥҺ۾һ漴Ϳѯʵ
ʣͼֽԴдá
׽ڣĸֿ࣬ҪȻѣЧʲߣ⻹ùͷɿҪвɿ󳵣Ȼͬ
öĺö
ҲֻͼֽѣҪҪ칤๤д졣ҪķѶʱ侫һ⡣
ɣΣֻʥҺɡֻҪӦͼֽġ
΢˵
۸ǱȽϹġ
ԡ
׵ͷʾӦ
漴ҲûԥֱóһֱƿҲֻʥҺ͹ȥͼֽҲ䵽Уɡ


ʮž 


1602 ΪҪ
оȻĻֻʥҺож٣óнף±еҪһЩֻʥҺǺö
ֻʥҺκβεʿ棬Զ̭й屦ߣվõϵһ졣Ҫܻȡ׵һЩһΣҲȫǴ顣
ʿĿãһҲһ˿˼
ҪᣬҪᣬδܵ֡δлȡһЩֻʥҺǴλᣬ˵´λ֪Ҫʲôʱܻȡ
׵ǷֻʥҺУҲҪȡһ㡣ãһЩҪûʲôֻʥҺĴ߷
ֻũ߿˵
ũͷǼ棬ҲǹˣԵֻʥҺ͵һ񡣡пũ֮Ц˵
ԺвɸֳũͷʩչũȭʱĻ棬вɰȻ
ũȭеۣ
⣬ʱʷѣũͷɲǰװռ˱˵ˣ˭֪ǳʵɿũˣȻ࣬Ҳ㲻ֻʥҺҾ͸֡
ũͷЦ˵
ֻʥҺͬʱûö֮£飬Ŀ֮£ҪװҪҪˡǾԲ顣
£Ѿͳһֻϻ͵ǰ
꣡
нӹȥִ򿪣ʱϻֱӳö֡
ʲô֡
кѯʵ
ũһΪΪɻ⣬ΪС֣ⷽȻҩҲѷɫҩʳʱʹǣʳζһøӵͻɿڡȻĹЧƷȻܹ
ũͷЦǺǵ˵ʣ˵ʱϵԵ֮ⲢûʾоãķѴģǰؼ䣬ûеģУǶһ޶
ɻ⣬С⣬ʳеԭζ
۾һжʱһϲ
ԭζʳвȱٵĵϡ֣һͲͨĽ⣬Ʒ׼߲˵ңЧȻ󣬷ͬСɣĴϲ
ʵҲȷʵˣũ徫Ѫϸطռ͵Ľ⣬Ϊһ壬ֶֻѣʵϣʳõĻӣ׳ѪǶо޴ôκһֻ֣¶ҩ
Ȼ֣ӣܷܡֻǺķһЩѡ
ֵô
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˵磬Ѿ޾Ľɷ֮⣬޷طϣУпܻܵɷ֮ʴʧӰԡ磬ѾʺУһܵɷʴͻᲽɱ٣Ϊµһʱڡ
һܸ̾ü仹¶һ˿顣
ʱʺʱ̡ͨʿ˵Ӱ첢󣬿ɶڶʿ˵ӰΪԽ棬ԽҪطϣص϶ɷ֮ڵסˣҪ򣬷ôʲô⡣
ȻҲвӰģ磬ʿͲҪ½ɷ֮ʿֱԽɷ֮ϴԣڴУʿвСƣȻ˵ʿͲֻǻܵһӰѡ
ʿ׷˵һЩԼ֪ļţеʷ
ܶ඼ǲΪ֪¡
ЩþҲɰϲоԼٴεõóɳ
λҹٴϮһΣԲưոݣһΣֻһ̽ѣһΣпܻ㾡ȫսһȵսҹѹƳʧսȻĽ׶ΡȻἤҵ¡ھҹ֮ʴսֻûж೤ʱ䡣ʱսӵա
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һһ䣬˵


1603 õķ
õķأرʧأԲܽ⣬ҹԹ㣬Ȼܹҹ֪һԪѾҹ磬սӵҹ֮СأӰʿӰ
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һԪȻܾˣʵһ·磬ʧˡĺܶˣѾսҹ硣ڳĬһ󣬿³һ
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ʵòй˵ȥһ൱ε顣
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ÿնǧսӣںУÿʱỵ̈оսڵתޡս䡷ѵȫڶʱ̤ƷСӴսȫԴԴϵĶԴ׽в䡣֧಻սòе
شеԸ񡣷Ͻõѡ
뷨һʼѾӵУңڲϵ롣ȴűһ̡
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ҲԼ֪һЩѶϢ˵˳
Ҳϸһֲ©ȫϾ¹Ժ顣ҪҹʣЩѶϢпܻ޴棬٣һЩ˽ǲдġ
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лˡ
һ˿жҲûҪ׵Ļֱӽ˹ȥڵл飬ǼĵסԺȻк󱨡
⣬ֻѵ콾ͼУҲ˷ѣô
ׯЦǺǵ˵
ͼѣ˵ԶԶĸҪ
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ң¶ƺЩϾոǵҲвСĳôûܵӰ졣
ҹ磬ǶôԿܵһ¡
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붼顣
һξۻ׵ţһ˵ʮ֮ھۻһΣʱ䳤ûйϵֻҪ׼ú󣬷Ϣɡ
ɿ˵


1604 ʮֱ
׼ˣôϵ
пѯʵ
ϵرҪϵѶϢȻһ򵥵顣
һöǾ죬ûĹֻ֪ͨۻʱ䣬дƵһý飬ڣгƵˣܿٵִۻص㣬򿪴šÿηۻ߽бܳУֵˣƹܣھƹܡ
Ц˵
£һƴСѩСѾǰȻֳ֮֡ǰƣҲֻжǿߣݵλ˲ӵСÿһö嶼ͬҲݵ֮һ
ãȻˣһξۻپۡ
нӹ죬ֱӿ˵
󣬴߶һţ̤ȥȻȻĴɽ뿪ûκ
׵ۿ²ֻ˵˵ѣĴҪԹأֱӹҹսսҹȼһŹֵ˵
ʣʵؼǿߣսǿͬʱΪۻʣһȷǼеѱġ˵ǾһҪȥġӦòʲô޴֮ҪǰȥǾͿ϶ǿڡ֪ǰԨǰС
ׯܵȻһЦ
ڵѾһЩ顣ʲôҪȽٿңͳͼӦÿô׾еս̶ֲͬȵҲԮ֡
ţԺӹעͺá콾ɲزۣҪȻʧ
Ҳ˵

˵ɽеĽ̸ȴ˵ڰѻУڣһƾճ֣漴ͿеֱӴ̤˳
ټон죬λسǰ¡
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μ۾۾޽ɸ
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ʲôҹ
ڴУ϶¶Ϊǿҵ𾪡
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л˵ȴһ˿ᶨ
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ҹսħսƣǹҹҲδɣֻҹǿ˭ڶ浽Ŷٵǿߣ콾ǿߣͲˡһ֮δЩƵóȻж˵Ǵ׵۳þ档
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ģȻ³çжҹȻҪȫ׼ɹ˿ءһлᣬȻԹɱҹ²ΪҲˡ
һ˵λӦ֪۱ںռ䣬ֻҪԸ⣬ʱضȡдһΣǰħ֮Ϊģ¿ռţֻҪΣգȫ˲˻ħ֮ħսƾôѸٵִսҹսƻ
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һҹսȡս⽫һֿԵʷǶ˶ǧţԪУ²ĥĺۼһ㣬˭ܿܡ
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ԸΪ۾Чսҹʬǡ
һ񼤵оڵѪҺڷڡ
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ԼѡǸоȷ뿪ôܲ˾ĶǵսۡҪ£Ƕ˽⣬Բҹľٶ
ڴУҵȽʿ֮ء
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ͷһ֣ͳĥ
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˵
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׵ͷȷʵԵЩԣһΣ۾ţҪࡣһнͳһսɱ䣬ӵиǿĵ̡λΪÿൽΪʡ
Ŀ֮һ
Դˣнʿûʲô˵ʵǿеȨأȻϲּ顣ôܻᷴԡңıԴͲҪģЩ첻Ͻ׳ȥսʲôǾõıԴ׳ȥģսõģģȫںС


1605 ۽
ൽˣңʶרŵת޺һͻͽָܿң֮ǰҪǿᣬӵһļɣɺҳϡֻҪ΢ѵͿֱӼ뵽Уѡһﵽͼ۷ľƷ˿⡣
ΪһӦñȽϺʡ
΢󣬿˵
һڵľʮʿһһһÿһ򣬺ʣͻƣȫս֮Ǳпɱ䡣ս֪
һһҲֻдʵ̡κ˳ô
漰⣬Ǳ濴ô򵥡
ӱԴȴս⣬һʮ鷳顣
׼伸
ң׾ɲ١ڳģжʮ֧šҪһǾÿ֧Ҫʮʿһǧʮ֣ڵĴ˵Ȼ㲻ʲô׾Ϳ࣬漰ģǱԴҪսףװսʵȵȡ
飬ԶеҪࡣ
оţһ£󣬾ͿֽУλǰڿռѡԴȻԾӪ
еͷֱİ
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ڵǰħսǰѾΪ׼ôսʡԭʼüףÿŶԼʽսףʽ˵ͨϸţʵƷƷף֮ѡһԭʼü׸ǿǱ󣬾еʣȹӦԾơ
磬׻ŵԭʼü׾ǰ׻üסԻΪģɡŵսףҲԹΪģݱüסЩǿǰ׼ȻܹЯħսǰ׻ţţУǻû齨ľţͬѾ׼Ӧԭʼüס
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пҵˣ漴һ֣ͼһΪģֱҵɵС챦ͼУֻеҪʩչʱŻó
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л۾
󻢵һȺʮФŵľų¶ϲ֮ɫոĿҵרսпĽĲҪҪģԼҲרսϲ֮ģȻһ¾ӿֳ
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ʮФսʵʮФΪս֮ݶģڣȻǳˣѣֻǴһЩıѣѶȲߡݱս󣬲κսѷɫ
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ڣķ޾żɺѾˡľҲȫоŻȱľһɫŻȱɫɫšʮФŻȱ壬ħԳţħ𼦣蹷ҪܽЩȫ룬ȻٺòȫôǧĴ
ŶܲţȻٺòֻǧ׵ãѰûսԶһ֮ǰ۲ԴĽţͲִһ
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ȻȱģⱾҪһ㡣֮Уȱٵľ˲ţֻȱھǵĲֶѣֻҪ۾۽ȻսƼǰѻǡˣɲȫţܻȡս
Ц˵
ħսеӢţûκʱܱȵڸӼС
׶ǿߵԲһǿ󣬴󲿷ǿߣܻΌֿܡֻҪܼףܻȡĺôʵ̫ˡ
ȫ޷
ڣֻҪвţȫԻȡִһΪһųƹܰĵ֮
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˵
Уһ˿ƶǲսɱĴ󽫣Ȼ۾
һ۾ܿĺ
Ŷǵ˼һ´һ
׵ͷ˵
漴ֶιҹ飬ϵеĸϸڣ׼עյսƻһʱ󣬷Ž
ɢȥ
뿪ʱһи¶ȵĿ⣬սϲﵽ޷ĵزһ뵽ҪɱҹƽңѾռţʱԽѡԴȫнʿ

˿̣ڳУɢûãȻԿһ̤˸Уܿһ˿˪֮
׵۳ǳǿ治ţ׵ѣߵֵزǲ˼顣ӰԷһ̾


1606 ־
Ȼ̾µĲȴûֹͣǰʱѾ֮ڡ
вûˣһ˶
ɽҰ׵ۡ
̤˽ȥквɱܵһ˿𺳣ĸоϴݳ˵ɲ⣬Ԩ
ͬһһ㡣
һϴûиܵѹ
̫ˣҲʽؾУйʮûѷɡôûЦſ㣬ѯʵ
ʶµһؾ֮УҲйһ֮ԵûйĽҲʶߵŮӽ̸ŮӣҲһλŮкܣ
Ȼʱ֪νʶģܹĳ֮䣬㺣ڿֻǷֿˣпΪָصԭ
㻹εӰֻ
Ȼӡ̣ûǹ
Ѿʧˡ
һĨʹ֮ɫ漴˵µһؾУҺܹԽʶ㺣ɱ˴˶ԲͬĽԵʱֶΣܴصĽޣۼһЩ꣬þַʼûҵټҲûеõκϢҲ֪ﵽʲôǷ񡭡š
Уһ˿尾뽹ǡ
絽Σѣ˭˵ԼһԻȥһ㣬ֻ´ܶ˵ڡԣÿȥһ꣬еĽǾԽӵŨһ֡
֮һʧȥϵҪϵϣǼֱ졣ȷѡ
޴ڡ
ճɾ˳飬첻׹ǵģأ綼طپ۵һ졣ҪģȥΪ۵һ졣
׵ͷ˵
һġ
ͷ˵
漴һͻȻϥȥ׵ۣǰĿľǿ۾Է׵۳ĳҵΪˣĳԸףΪǰսɱҲϧֻҪҵͽˡ
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û룬еľԼֻһ֮Ե£оͻ㾡ȫܸΨһۣԼԼҳϡ
ֻЩܹõĳ
ˡܹҴףȻǲʤϲҴףôϾսͳɱеıһָλж⡣ʷĿãҴףȻ˲ż롣ʵϣҴڣȷʵȱսϣǣ㲢ΪףΪͬ룬ͬĿΪһԱȻǳΪһԱΪѰҵ£Ȼ˳¡ⱾӦܵĴȻ㲻룬Եһ֮Ե֣ͬܲҵ˭ܴƱ
еȻһЦ
Ըס
йâһԥ˵
ãҴ绢Ҵ֮Уоţ񣬻кľһžųλÿȱ乭֮ƣȻˣڸ֮⣬۾µľţ־ţУ쫷ţ쫷žų֪ΪΡ
΢󿪿˵
ʵȻӹɵģһսʤκְλͳսǲڻ¡˲ţκԥʩΡ
֮⣬ٿţʲô¡
ҪжپţȫԼԸġ
ʵʤΡǾͲ߸롣
־Уݶ쫷ţױţɽţţѩţХţţɳš
ԸΪ۾ǰ
һϵĴӦ
ȻоЩ̫죬Ӽ浽뷷⣬̶ʱڣѾΪ׵һԱˣһ֧ŵľųִϰʿָоǿԣ̲סΰĸо
ͬʱһֱεĸо
ϰľ˵ͽ̣Уġȫ
񣬾֮ǰۻȺҪħսһս۽ֻҪʵѧĽ죬Ƹʹãִһʱ׼Ͷս
еȻһЦ˵Ҳûж
Ͼ飬³ȥһ֪
ʵ۾дսҪ򣬷ڴ˿ͻȻ
һ˿漴ѯʵ
ڰѻֳıѾУսϣȻ࣬ҹĹܴĻɱЩҹаħսϣνǶһġ
£ǿµľţǷ۽Щһɽ¥ĸо·Ϊһӿµս׼Ϊ
ţȷʵˡ
׵ͷҲûֱӽҪҹļƻ˵˳棬ҪƿһеģսĽ࣬οٳ˱ܣЩҪвӦҪûеս˶ǳ
ȻҪҹ
ǼᶨϢҲɵĿɿڴĸоо궼ܵҵĳͬʱҲ뵽ǿǧŵķṦΰһɹбؽǵ¼
ɷˡ
еѪɿʼڣһǿҵս֮ӿ֡
ͲʲôȵˡǾпؽȡ֮ġһ㣬ΪϾܿ١˵ļƻͽڵѪ
սԸΪȷ档
Ŀȵ˵
ģĴսٲˡ
Ц˵
˼Ȼ˽ȥȻ󣬴ȥȥȻٿʼǰѡԼ쫷Űʿ

۽ѾʼֱԴķʽһս䣬Ҳ޾սȥ
ѻڲƶͬķΧҲԽԽ󣬲ӡ
ѩ衣
սУ񵽴ģһ¶Ź֮ɫ
һսУֻһɴŮһŴ
һ˫Ŀʡ
нǿϢ嵱ǿ׵۳κεУҹɱΪõҹش۽ͳ֮ܣǰѻǣ׾еľ۽ᣬѡĶ⽫ţųְ֮ͳλдһƷְܴ˼
Ůòָֻ߰ҪʵвܣͿǰѻǡΪսΪսΪ׶սΪս
Ƽʻᣬ˭
ϵľ۽ʮּˡ
֮һ仰ֻҪвܣǾ͹μӾ۽ֻҪӱǲݵλٻ󣬶ֿɵá


1607 Ƽ
Ůֻ۲ܣҲֻд׵۳ŻСȷʵ˺Ѿܾջһִ֮ϰǶô˷ܵ飬˭˵ŮӲС۽Ȼǵʲá
ŮӿŴľ۽Ŀⲻ˸¶˿˿֮ɫȻѾܾȻ˵ߵʱڸУŮޣɻ᲻ԵĿߣǿɱУҲŮɴӲŮͳһսķ
ΪӣͶŮһϵԽ֮Сûж˻Ը⿴һŮԼͷϡ˶ԣΪһܴ衣Բ׷ġԽǳɹԽǻܱߵӲһǿҵСԽӵ͹Գܡһ㣬̡
ԣھУŮʹһ״̬
ҵһŮӣңԸͳս˳νָ
׵۳Ůľ¹Ӣ֮ͬħսںܶŮ˵˶ĽݵĶ֮һȻ֪⴫˵ģġ
ֻҪвܣĿӱͳһƾ
֪׻ῼУʲô
ŮްԺһͷʣлЩ
׵۳ΪһָĶ˳ʲô˶ԻȡִһȨ

ս⣬һսУȻԿʬҰһսףһڳǹڽһҹаħɱֽסӰƮİֽ
ȻǾ۽׵۳ҪţֻҪܴӱͿͳսɱȻĺ£Ҫܹɹһ죬ƽơãʵ̫ˡ˵׵ػ㣬زֶʼܣ֮ˡֻϧ˧겻ʥ
սһǸп˵
Ѿ˾
ΪߣͳսܷӳսϣʵѾﵽѹһеĵز򣬵˵վս֡
һͳսӦеĹޡ
һ֮ҲûгɣֱӽԪעǰĴϣȻԿϹâһȻֱӻΪһռţǰ򿪡
ֻǾ۽ͬ滹̺һռŵӡǣֻҪ߶ӡǣԺȻĴ򿪿ռţִѻǡʣǼΪķ㡣
һ㣬ֻҪӴȻȻеİء
˵Уᵢһ˿ʱ䡣
̶ȵĽʡʱ䣬ͬӵİȫݡ
˵Щɢȥͬʱעѻǽޱȣ񵽴ʿпܻѡǰѻǡǲμӾ۽ᣬһѡǰѻʲôطǿǴ׵۳ڵսǣԴ׵ʿȻǿ֪顣
˭ײǲܼ룬Ǽʶһͬʮڴ顣
ԣעһλֵĺܡ
ȻȥʱпռſԴͣصĻȻǲд͵Ļᡣȥʱȫʱȴδؾһܹȫ

һսڣһһս̧ۿգŴӣϴŸ㣬ƺһ˿ɣ˿̣ȴ˸⣬׵۳棬֧һֱΪӰǲġ֪Ϊ׵۳Ϊ֧ȻһЩĪе׼ȻҪٶһкηţ׵۲֮ȻΪսȥݣȥݡ
һ̾
մ򿪿ռţ̤˽ȥ
ģʲôսϣԿ
Ȼڴ׻żڴܶеĽ죬֪ʵҲǴֻ׻ǽĶѹȥ

սڣ񵽴ģɲֻ壬壬һ
˿̣Ϳ缫Ϊ޵ŮŴϸۿţǵòȻǲ˵ģȫһֻǸԳһĶ䣬ǵԱֿŮ
ʵ뾫ʮơ
һԴھԹǵһ飬Ȼһ֮ǿͨȻܵģһ壬Ǵͬһ
ȻضơȻŮʮޣںܶ˵һŮӣǶİ£õĳ檡һ֣ĺ䶯Ӱ죬ֵɹܶ嶼ա
һóһ壬óͬȴ֮˵ľǵʮֹ죬Ī⣬ںѺһࡣңóҩиֲͬѰعЧؼǣϲǮҡ·İʮơ
ߣҲȥ׵۳ڵİѻǿӦһʢ£϶кܶǰһ֡ǿ׵ۣҹжǿߡ˵ǹͬһǿߣֻ˵ʤ׵ۡҪۼһ棬϶Ľġ
һ˵
ǰȥѻӦòΣաһȥ
һҲͷͬ
漴ûԥͽ˿ռţ˳ſռǰѻǡ
ģħսϿνǽϳ֡
ɣҲ׺еżĹˣ˭Щ
ǲҪʿʲô¡
Ǹʿ
սϣܶͬڿ󣬷׷ѡǰѻǡ
Ȼ˵ȥҪμӾ۽ᣬпֵ档ҲԴ׺иеġ
Ͼе֣Ƕߣǲ֪ٱ顣
ȻҪۼһ档
Ŵɢ
ѻѾҵı仯
ܿʿսԴԴϵĳڰѻСڼۿɼٶ

С
档
۾ѻ۽ַģսдʿǿߣڣѾʮ֮࣬ӣӵٶȼ졣ֻ½ʱ䣬ͻƵ
¿˵
˵ʲô
ζĿˣѯʵ
ģʣǿߣÿһʵȻһãûУЩۼʿԽнףͨޣһȫԴεĺô
Ҳûгɣֱ˵
пȻʹõĽ׻ңңһԸҵĵλġø˵ϿɣͬԽˣǴ׵Ӱ˼ΪлеĶǲгɣҲӰš򣬿ԳҴףн࣬˴ԸɸʿֻҪشɷȥ硣ܾһΣܾΣΡ
¼˵


1608 ز
ħսϵս˭Ҫ೤ʱ䣬һʱȫԽѻϸľӪӪܴױȵļֵǶԴ׵Ӱ𵽾صĵλУԽӵģҵҪԣڴ׵۳Ⱥ˵ʲôܡ
ʹõԽ࣬ͨԽ㣬Դ״ĺôԽˣӰǹ
ħսеʲôˣһһʱ˽ܣʵλʹңʣֱӾͻ޴Ӱߵͬϲֻңҵͨһٶá
һγɹԴεӰйȦӣҪġ
ңħսϣÿһսжӵжصħЩħصزܶ඼ǼֵǷһ޶ȫԽеĹУȡЩزħսϵزǴȡǿٶڻǴ׵ǿ̡
Ҳ˵
ҲǿӵĿ֮һ
ħزÿһֶʮأиֲͬѰĹЧ
ЩǼֵǷһ£ЩزնǸսսڵʿ˺ѷǻͨޣǾ͸ѡϾħսϵҹаħҪȻΣޱȣ໥ͨʮѡðΣս̣ͨδЩ̫ݳޡ
ȥġ
ҪǰѻǵĻһǾͱòһһսеزȫ໥ȥԼòϵģԼҪģһһȥȫȡôս𵽼档
ԣһͷ⻥гôȥǾпܵģȫǴпΪ
ܺã뷨нħսϵħزȫڰѻУɣǴܵ棬ȷʵЩȵȻй
۾һҲǰԵͷԴ˺ͬ
۾ѻнƼոճȥһȦѾֲʵ׵ս֪һξ۽νУѡԵùƽŷǲŷֻ»Ǵ׵𡣡
¿ѯʵ
ջҪ⣬
޷Խ޴ҡ
۾ΪѡļȻһ֮ģͳսԵǴʩйķʽУ߶սΪѡεսԵͳսȻٸݸսϵıָ֣ߵѡνšĻӹƽʲôĲܣһĿȻ

ѡν˵ʣ߶սõһַʽԱֱܸ۵ĿÿһŵսеһвܣֻҪǿڶսгֳûʲôһսܽ⡣
棬̶ȵܹÿһ˾ܵչֳԼʵ
һ㣬ҲǴܱ֤Ĺƽ
ܺã뱾۲ıͬ߶սҲУλһȥ׼ȽеϢݳȥڰѻһУԱһҵҵҶһĶȣûƣҪ٣Ͷһ١
е
ңÿһʱ䶼һ죬ħңټҡǮԴԴոңҵÿʱÿ̶ӡ
ȻӣֵǲıģǼ۸񻹻Ϊֵı̺ǲٵġȻֵ֤ĸֱֵ
ȻɢԽԽãԽԽá
ҪףͱҪȡңǻΨһء
ҪһȻҪó챦ħزһ
ǽףһȻڴ׵ġ
Ҫߺȣ׵ľܴﵽĿġռƽ̨ĺô
ռƽ̨Ǿƶء
չأȻκ붼벻ġ

˿̣ڰѻУ۶ĸʿ彫ţԽԽ࣬һֵϣŴкȻ԰ѻǺǺ档
ǰѻǣ˵սһֻ޴İ׹ڤѻʱϣڤѻʱսƶٶһ㶼սУָսǡ
ǿľӣ˵׵۳ľнʿͨսӵвͼ۷սڴУ֮ΪƷǿģѾΪսˡͻƵླܳΪսھУӵְλƹ֮ǰΪǿʣڿ֪ȫġǲ˼顣
ܶʿȻעĻǴ׵ľӣЩǰǰģǽصľţǱܲĿģȻҲûҪܿĴ㡣
Ǵ󷽷չ¶
Ӿһ
˺Ѳеη
Ǵ׾о۽ᣬ֪׼ôѡš
ôˣ֣УֵܿɳǣֻϧﲻסĳУֻӦսսǣûиֻʩҪȻԹһ䡣
漴ܶʿͰԷһЩɧ
Ͼһ࣬ȴûɸɣ˺Ƿơ
쿴й㳡иʾˡ׵۳ڰѻпУ˭ֻҪԸ⣬ԽԼҪƷóнֻʹõĻңҪҡˣ֮Ļҽнס
쿴һרŶһҵĽУԽƷһңȻٽн
˵ң˵ֻңؼĻңϿɵĻңңֵǷԶңҪȡһھȻܹлõǶһ
ڿʾ󣬸ʿǰһ
ʣȫǸǴ˲һ飬һг֣ԿԸĺô۵ģǸսǵǿߣе챦ɲܻȡһЩõģȫڶսô֮࣬޷
һ㣬ȺܹõȻĸʿҲõ
һ۾
ǿԽħزǳеزûãɶԱδûá
ǰ໥ףܵõҪıֱһٶá
죬Ҫȥһҡ
ʱʿʼУȥȻ˻ƷļֵȻٸӦֵҡУ˭ɵӣ󲿷óģǸԼòϵƷһЩı£ͲóһԣǴҪڻϣߵļ۸񣬶չ涨۸ۡ
óģܶ඼ǲϣͨ
һЩսϣҹаħнɻ񵽵սƷǴҹҾȡĹǲģЩɶһҵıģؼһǣЩϣࡣңȡףԼϡ
иֵͼ
ûãóһԼĿ棬ܻȡõҡ
һϲ


1609 ѽָ
׵۳ЩһƷʲôǱ濴ֵǮĶҲɰռֳ̨ļֵһҡ
ͨΣҴУͨϣҲųһĹʣҲͨɣкʵ䷽ͨһԺϳɳϡÿԽ컯ħϡΪ˸Ȥڵ֪󣬷¶һ˿Ц⡣
ͨôؼͨĵرడ󰡡ֻҪҵȷĺϳ䷽ǾһжпܡȻĶⱦôֵġ
ڣҪġ
ϡȻҪģɴ׵۳ҪĲֻֻӴĻܶԴ׸ʩ𵽾޴棬򣬶ѡ
컥пһȥãô꣬ûúù֣һߡ
ںԺҵЦ˵
ǰοУ϶кܶ챦ħսϵĸħزһ棬Ҫһȥ̫󣬾ͷȥ䣬Ǹȥ̫Σڣڣξȥһ档
Ҳ׵ͷʾͬ
ʲôڣȻ˵Ľڶѡ
⼸һȻﲢô˵Ůӡ൱ҲãԸЩ䣬Ȼʱһ죬ͻ֮ģ᲻̫ӦԣҪкﵥһڻо̫µȻҲȥһߡ
ǰѻǣζܳ¡
̫࣬ҪһУͻ䶯Ȼá
ллλɩɩ
գգ۾лܿĳ¶ڴ֮ɫ
е֣ڴѾõ顣Ȼܾܾ
жѾЩȲˡ

пٶȺܿ죬ʵϣⱾԸʿһֳɵĵص㣬ʿģ˭ЯرڰѻУǰȫޱȣһⶼ׸׽е飬ǽ֮ǰͶǧһС
ҵϵĲܣȻ鰲ŵ׵
Ҫֱ֣ӾʹӺѡڣд׽ʿѲӣû˭£
Уңֻң˭õк󣬶ȻȻһϲ֮ģңһĵرʱ۸ʮֹûгʲôѹ۵ľٶһͬʡȻøʿԴ׵۳һֱܵθСθһǺĺܶ飬ˮɡ
ԣеĿеҪĶࡣҪ׼
ֱֵһ鲼ϸҪ۵ƷȻǿҵѻнֵܳΪĳأĺڣĵطȻǰѻǵĳĹ㳡Ƭ㳡ʮ־޴Ұһ𣬾滮֮󣬾ͱгƷ󲿷ֶƼ
ȻΪеˣ׵۳԰̯ȡãòܣֻȡ̯λķãط̯λһΪʮöңĹ㳡̯λһʮöҡ
۸񲻸Ҳ̯ͣƷȻǮЩҲڴУֻϵȡһЩ棬ȻƤķá
ҪսǵʿμӻУͬУԼάС
ԣ˿̣֪غѻǳ׻ˡ
ָĵ̯ϳ֣ǳħزиʿЯزӵеĵرһЩռյʿǽԼƵıóۡ
ܶණǰһ
ȻѻǶԵޱȡ
ЩרǰμӾ۽ĽţҲǱԾ̾׵Ӱǳ˾̾
磬λл᲻ҹаħݣǱؽǻͻȻʲôƻǵӰɲáһҪСĲС
кڳУܷľҲ˵
ҹаħֶʮָսǶⲻҪǱؽȻǾ޴
õģҹаħսǣȴԽ˰ѻǣɱˣǰ׹ڤѻսǣһֻ׹ڤѻʣҪǵ۾ѻǣ飬ҪܻҲƻΣֱѹͺáһжҲˡ
еȻһЦ˵
ɫţȻԱ
׾ܿĵ
߰ɣֱȥĵĹ㳡ĵطڷŵزġÿһһܲջ˵ܹ۽硣
Ц˵
ҹаħþ£̶ѨˣǾͱ׵ȥ
ңһǰУ˵ܴһЩĽţǰһЩ˽⡣
߽㳡ڣܵһ̯ȷʵһľϲ
ף˼ħزǧٹ֣ʲôС
иһ߽㳡ĻڣͿһ̯ϣȻڷһħزϸȥħزأȻһָָֻֻһɫͬкͭƽÿһöǻȻɣڽָϣ֯һ𣬸һСƺԼܿһֻѡ
˿̣Χ⴦̯ǰʿв١
̯˺ȻһؾܿĳؾһľһͲʲôúŪ˿̿˻Լ̯λǮǽһ˷ܡᡣ
ֱӾͿڽ
λֵܽãһƣǺöħزħϳĽָѽָһִָָںռ䣬ռʮȶ棬ǹȥһǧ꣬Ҳκα仯ؼǣָܴƷܴԪƽʱָдڴսУֱӳȡеķġʹκεҩҪӵķ㡣ǾӼУرķѽֵָӵС
ؾٵ˵
Ҫ˵ĻȻкܶ෨дֻǴռĴСѣѽָȴд淨ĹЧ㹻죬ؼʱ̣ȫԳΪĵݡ
û˭ӡ
ңռĴСҲܿɹۡ
ģһ׵Ĵռ䡣
ͭ
ǧ
ƽ𼶵ľ͸һ
ռ䣬൱޴˾̾
öǺöѽָҪôʲô۸񡣡
ǰָôġ
ܺܶʿĶˡǴռ䣬ѽָǼջ
һǧöҡͭһöʮöƽ𼶵ǰ˰öңƽ𼶵ģҲֻöһ꣬Ǿûˡȵȵá
ؾЦǺǵ˵
۸ɲˣϾռ䷨ȻҪѰҪⶼǿԤġ
ƷԽߣ۸Խˡ


1610 ̴֬
Ҳûо۸ʲôԡ
ռ䷨ձҪͬ׷߳һĴָѾ൱󣬸ӲҪ˵д淨ĹЧںܶʿջ͸ߣ
ѽָҪҪһ
Ц˵ֻҪڣ˵һȫҲһ
ˣиµָͭ㹻ˡ
ЦЦָϵָͭöָԴӴȥ󣬾ʹûժ¹һֱߣ⣬Զᱻȡ
ָͭеĴռ䲢СңЩҲĴ£Ʒ׸ߣң洢ռ䶼õ޴ԲκδָҪѷɫֺá
ԣǲ滻ġ
Ҳãƽ𼶵ѽָȷʵܲ˲һ£ȻǾ£УֵֻԽԽֵ
׵ͷЦ˵

öƽ𼶵ѽָҪˡңһ¡
漴Ҳûгɣһ֣óһֻؾ
ʲôȻˣöƽ𼶵ģÿһö˰򣬼ǧİңǺεӴһ֣Ȼܹѹľóֱǲ˼顣
׵ۡ
С
Χŵĸʿ϶һ󾪺漴Ϳеòһʱϳеݣе𺳸Ӿ޴ͬҲһֻȻ
ҲֻΪ֮ףóǧöѽָݲƴ֣¼䣬ûж˿Աȵ
Ҷɴġ
˭ܱȵϡ
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л׵չ⣬öѽָˡ
ؾҲϳеݣ¶һ˿нЦŽöƽѽָ˹ո̽ȷʵǧİöңֺҲʲô٣־Ǳϡ
ȻϳеݣҲûж˿ǰðŵġϾʿǿߣлеߵģֲ׷ʲôġֻעĿøһЩҲ顣
һЩ˴š
йЩѽָĿͬԣԻȡܽɢȥͨӣгҪġ
ңͨȥмֵ
һΪһ䣬ǳǮƵġǴʴʵĻȥȻⲻ޳ջĻдıŶԡ
еĳ֣ҲܿؾǰѽָͱûʿѾʼֹ򣬱ϾжöҹĽָǿ϶ﳬֵ
Ȼ׷һʱ䣬ؾЦ۾Ҫȫӡ
磬ЩƺͬѰ
ۿܣͻȻһ̯˵
ϸȥȻԿһ̵Ȼڷǰǵ̯ǰģٲȻһͷУĴȱ˿øС
㣬ƺŵһ˿˿Ϯȴ̱ǣʮˡһĸо
Ƿ̴֬㣬ҷʿѪιħӣķ̴̴֬ܳ֬㣬ȼľ񣬵ħΪĹЧԡ̴֮£ٶȣһǧܸõصϡ뾲ܶκβεʿЧ
ЦǺǵ˵
ʣȷʵ˼һħزħսϣµĻħЩħóϮʱһ֣ԻΣʮֿ¡Ҫ̴֬ȫþ£ԸħŵĶӵЧ
öУ̴֬ôġ
¶ǿҵȤͿѯʵ
ʵеһ֣ңļʮΪȼ㣬ڲµ֮ģ̫Ӱ죬Ӱ죬ҲǼΪ΢ġ׾Ϳųûʦںܶʱ򣬶ʮֳġ
ֻɲ˭ƳģҪķѴֹգټĻңҪ䷽漰ķ棬ҪѷɫҪģ
̴֬㰴ۣһ̴һǧöңһ̴㣬ȼһ졣̴ַΧڣ档Цſ˵
һǧöһ̣۸Բˣ̴㣬ȷʵֵáħϳģǾ;ԲκʣκȻֵӵС
̴Ҫһ롣ҡ
пҲǰ˵
һ־һ롣ȻûǮȫ£öǲܶռ˲֡Զʳǻ˼޵ġǷ
һ룬һ룬ոպá
һ֣ҲЩ̴֬øӵĻ𱬣˳ֹ
һ̴㱻һա
пҲֻЦЦǰ˵̯λϲ鿴
һҲò̾ħսµĵ̣ȷʵһԪĸʿ氡챦˾磬һزרŸŮõΣͷΣ̺ɫԲϵıϵɫеѤޱȣңÿо޴ĹЧ磬ԻݡͷȫԽ˱סһҪġ
Ưۣܱ
һ㣬Ȼֵ
챦ӦӲϾ
˿̣ڹ㳡ڣȻԿһԵλãһȺʿΧһ̯ǰϸȥ⴦̯ϰڷŴģȻһڿսЩսܿĳƷ׶ͣңڽϣɢ˿˿Өı⣬ŷâܸ̺ܵķ
ʦ֣ЩսƷʶңмĳɳռ䣬ҪǽȫԵǱɽмǱãɽײʩչǽһҪڷɽһɱУһڻȫһڷɽ
ǰķɽħͽӽ챦ƷֻѷѵõǣЩȫû̺ԣӵĺôûκ谭κν޶Ժ׵ǳֹһЩϾòϣԺȥҲܽţһѫȡԴſһֱѰֶ⽣
ûǮÿһڶҪöҵļ۸ҪĻھͱȥжһңһЩʱ
ԿһȺۼʿһȺŮÿһòʮֳڣһۿȥ˾̾ȣǷǷ
ϸȥȻŵĵӡ
ȻǽӵġǰѻǵĻᣬȻûж˻׷Ź
޲þȥ
ʦ㣬ﲻǰѻǣǴ׵۳սôȥɡ


1611 
ҪҪһϲһĨᶨǰÿһζǸȴûΪκһΣһҪϣҸʵ̫ˡ
˿ǰķ⣬뵽ȴǣҪɳĸ߶ȣں棬Լи˶ô޴Ŭ뾫
ܽӵֱǰѻʱȻޱȼģΪѻҲζţԼط꣬ϲãȻ޷ƵģʦֵҲǲʤϲϹϵȻǺô࣬ʤҪһУȥѰС˵ݡطꡣ
Ǿһ¡
ȴ˵Ҫڳлѡһ»вȱҲԼһ⡣
ʦãҼǵãʮ꣬ÿ㶼ȥ̾ھָ£һ̳ƣЩѾ˶ʮ̳ˣЩҪȶȲ㲻˵רΪģȵطʱͻó͸統ôҾãЩƾѾ㹻ˡҪٺķʱˡ
һɫ۵ĽӢ˵
˲֪ǺЩ꣬ÿ̶һ̳ƣռҩеľǰæָȴġþȫ˭ȡרԼġ
ţĻЩӦûܿģҸΪ۳֮һλ۾߿϶вɩӣιܲܲɩǴЩ
̵ͷ˵
ѻǣмڴȻԽԽŨֻҲ֪Լ粻ͬ߿ɲһˣ϶кܶŮˣЩɩɩһμ϶Ҫ
ô
˵λǻҪҪҪĻ͸ǮҪĻÿﻹҪ⡣ｻ̸̯̯ȻЩˣһȺҪǲĻǾӰ⣬Ȼˡ
˼ȥһңһٹ򡣡һʿڽ͵
ȷʵѵһĽٶ࣬˵ͬʲôȥˮðֻȷʵûǮոչûüȥһҡ
õһ£λҪʲôͳͳˡʵѣܷ֪ѵķ
ʱֻһʿͻȻѯʵ
ܿһλʿһֻ۾ǿߣܿʿһ߹ʣͷϵĵֻۣûи˴ͻеĸӵһoĸо˲Ĳн
һ֪УҲԲʲô֮
УȻһɫȨȣУдŹ
˭ҿɲʶ㡣
תۿһۣϵĮ˵˵ҿɲҪ˰æǮҪʲôԼǮУֱӱ¶һ־֮ǧ
Ǻľܾ
һûУ˹λӣͫ塣ǿߣһԴŲ޵˵
У
⻰һʱܲʿǵһ¶ǿҵ֮ɫ
˹˳Уǿ˳˵ѾʳƷף˳ĵ̼ǿУд콾λӣΪСÿһһ콾ǰģεǿߣʵ֪жǿͫе壬ҲǵӡǰéһݴΡʵ൱ǿ¡
˵֣ͫ˵ͫĵֻһ㶼򵥡ʮֿ£˵һֻµħۡʲôͲˣ˵ģѾˡ
У˵ͫŮżΪϲãϲ޸־ɫŮÿնŮһΣĪǿǰλŮޣò˵Ů޻ǣʳй
ŮҪΣˣ˵ͫ忴еŮ˼ûмܹĵġȫռǰѻǣ׵۳ĵ̣ӦòŶԡ׵۳ɲΪ˵׵ۺ˹ӷͻһɱ˫ĹϵɲǺܺáɡ
ڻܵĸʿĿãһ¶֮ɫ
ܶ϶¶֮ɫϾ˭ͫкøУ顣
˹ݣȷʵ㹻ӡ
ݣǲһ
ĴڣǷǷ
֪ûȤʶһ¡
ͫЦЦζĿ̡
ûС
̺ķһߡ
ˣôʲôɫ
뿪ʦòʶ㡣ҲҪ
ĽӢЦǰһϵĸ֮ͫߣᵵм䣬ٴοڷ档ʣͫ壬û˿ĺøУӡʮֶӡ
ôҵԺǻҪġ
ͫЦЦ˵
ߣͲ´׵۳ץ
һʿЦ˵
ҲܲοѵΥ⻥еĹôӦûаɡͫƽ˵׵ɷ֪ģǴ׵ĵ̣ȷʵҳʲôϾ׵ʵǳеĴڣû˸ҺӵĴڣһŭұ֤ܹߵĳȥ
˭ջᷢʲô
һжڹ֮ڡ
Ҫ˸ǮⲻΥѽ
ҪʶԣҲΥѽ
˭Ҷô
˭ܽô졣
ֻҪڹ֮ڣǾ˭κβ
ԣʲô¡
гǰҲһֱ׳һ㲻顣
㡭
ĽӢɫһ䣬ͫĿʱüΪơȻѾɱ⣬Ҫǰѻв׼ֻ֣һ˲ͻӽնȥ˵
ƺߵĳͻʿѾʼۼ
ߣ֪ʦʲôˡҪͼı죬һĺܲҡʿһŮ޷˵
ǲеĵӣΣǰҲҪĽӴͫЦ˵һšݣκѷɫ
ǰݣǿɾʹˡ
ðҴ׳ͼı죬ﵱ
ʱһд޾ϵĻƾ𣬳˶С˲׷תͷȥȻԿӰһ˹
ÿһһεѹ
ﻹ˭
ո﷢仯ʱȻ˵Ŀ⣬ͬʱעӹڿʱ΢΢һžǺԥĿ첽ǰ
ÿһżᶨִš
磡
̿߹У˲ͱ޾ϲȡϲãȫģֱſڷһ붼룬ֱӾͳзɱ
ǰ󣬸һͣٶûУֱӾеĻֱֻ۽ıסеĺ󱳡
ĸоؿѾʪ
̵ˮ


1612 
ֱʮ꣬ﾭ飬ˮ̺ǳŸӣĻǸˣУһʵ̫ˣൽʤطģиͲطģһֱ𣬾ܹط꣬ȫ֮ҡ
Ѿ˵Ĳ˵¡
ӵŻʵĴڣһĪܰܡ
￴ҲһĨº͡
ȻҲ֪лһãںǰһãʱ㣬֮ǰҪн㡣ûжʼĽΪͬġ
ʲôոŮȻȻǴ׵ĳ׵۵á
ҵ죬ҿʲôôܣ׵۾ȻһãȻով
˵֮һλ˵ԪһʼʱͱŸˣȥУһֱûгֹڿˣǷֱһطꡣݣȷɡ
ĹˣոҪطǰܸϽ飬ǿһ죬ϧ̫ϧˡ
ܸʿĿãжǰԵһ¶֮ɫ֮ǰ̯ǰյĲûҿ鶹ֱײҪ̵֪ݣ˵򣬾ҲԸ⣬ֻᣬһͲУʹʧ
ͫߵˣȻǵ׳ϣȫϻƨϰëڰѻиҴ׳⣬ֱǳıӵкϷˡ
׵۰ڴ׵ĵ֮ڣͫٶʮҲδػǶ֣οô졣
ʿĿ£ͫ壬¶ֻı顣Ȼͫľٶܶ˶ǿۡܿùȻ˷ܲѡ
ڴĺܡ
鷳ˡ
ͫͬɫѿˣڿ˽лУ¶ݺͫҲһ⣬о˴УԼոյľٶҪǶԱ˵ĻȻûʲôˣݣǵˣҲûʲôϵǣ׵۳⻹ܵġ
٣еʵɲ⡣˭жǿﵽʲô߶ȣոտһۣ͸оԨ㣬һۿס
оԼƺ˸
ôĸо
УߣҪ뿪ﲻˡȥҪµġ
ͫԺпһͷѾ붼룬ʶģµĽŲҪȥ
Ҫߵʱȴ֣ܱΧŵĸʿʶĵǰûÿ·סߣεǣƣϢȥ

ͫɫһ䣬аԽһȴҶ֣Ҫ֣ͻᾪУòʧ
ߣ϶߲ˡ
δؾĲء
ϾֻǱֳ˼ûʲôΥľٶĲǴпΪ
ˣҪˣܹط꣬һֵø˵ŶԣЩ꣬һֱǣܿƽ£Ǿĺ¡ʲôǻȥ˵ˣǴ׵ĳǻؼҡ
̵ļ˵
ڸҵϷͼıģ
һתһĨŭ
طĴʱ̣ȻðͫôһʺӦȻ޷ͻġȻûж֣֮ǰľٶǶ̣ѾõͷͷȻУǾҪֱ
ӱۿɱ١ûʲôӸڱǰſ񣬸û˭ܹϷ۵ãҴ׵ĳͫ壬Ǻôĵӡ
һͫǰͫ壬Ŀдһ˿䡣
дŵŭȫܹĸо
˹ͫ׵ۡ
ͫ尴ǣмոͫ岢֪ݣ֮ðĻ׵۶ӺͫԸǸϣܵõԭ¡
УֱӽԼ̬ŵúܵ͡¶ԸǸǸ貹ԣѾ㹻ĳ⡣ϾҪ飬һжûзðЩҲ㹻
ոձ۾Ѿ˵ðҴ׳ҴɷﵱҰѻǻпӣ˼ѪͶһ棬нꡣ㶼Ҵжȹ
б³һ
ҪɱѣɱδЩ̫ˡн̷꣬ĵĥʱ޿̲ڣ꣬ʿ治ϳɳԸֲͬķ⣬ԼȴҪб꣬ʱһֲģҪ֪Ѿһƽܳ˷𣬾ͻ᳹׵䣬Ϊƽˡ
һ㣬ܹܡ
һͫԣǾǱֱȥҪܡ
ɱһ˲Ŀģĥܸʹ졣
ûȨô˹ӣ˳У̫ͬӣôǾ˹˺ƤδЩǡһǺͺıȽϺáһƿ챦פյһãգңഺפԶֱ仯ҵ񡣽ǿԺƽദӱ֤ԲڰѻǶ
ͫһٴο˵
ֻѾĿⲻϵصɨӣƺѰпֵֻܳҪҵлѳȥоǣϣܿģֻ޾Ԩɲ⡣
ֵĻ
һڤڤеĸо
ȵ̨ϿУڵУȵҪ£Ƕ̶̼ʱ䣬Ѿ췭ظĸı䡣
ڣѡ񡣡
еĮĿͫ壬һ֣ȻԿɫĿռͬʱͫҳ֡
ߵռţҪн꣬󣬷ɣұߵĴѡͨ뿪ѻǣ󱾵ۻ֣ӵõǾͿԻȥӲҷšԼѡ۸ѡĻᡣ
һһ䣬˵
ţһͨһȥȻѹȵ뿪ħսон³лȥĻᣬһȻϣҪѣ졣Ҫ֣Ǿɱǣɽϣɱλӵġ
ûкƽദĿô
ͫͫһ
ţֱǰǰĴӡֻһҪ꣬һҪһ
ûеѡ񡣱Ҳ㣬Լѡ˹һӡкԥľܾ
ܸʿĿãһо඼һ鴤
ֶΣɲⰡ
ţȴġҪĥҪǡ
ѡ񱻾нǴӴֻ֮оǷϵˡҲ֮ģѡȥ
֮дֲ


1613 
ô죿
ͫԺиͷڷײһҵĻ𻨣ʣһ־ϵĽ棬ѡ񣬰ǰûа취ƶŲ
ѡһ֣Գܵʹ
һĥһֱӾȥôѡô⻹ҪԼȥҪ͸ӵľ޴еѡĿܡ
Ϊ֣롣
ûУֻһյʱ俼ǣʱһҪǻûѡǱ۾ΪѾԶѡȥʱ򣬱ۻȫ㡣
ƽĿ˵
һ̣ܱߵĸʿûпڣĬһֻǽĿעӹ´κһ˲䣬ҪηչֻоһĻĻ̫̼ˡ
̼Ҫ򰡡
δ𣡣
ͫΪͲˣڣһεζĺˮϴӶͷðڵϣĸܵд˿Ǻεȵļ尾
ǻ
һѵľ
󣬱ӣɻһúշ˹űӱġͫоһΪ֪Ľ棬գ̧ŲߵĿռȥ
ܻţûԸҪ˵ͫ廹δôߵĽ˾ʲôûУǻҪܵһЩ衣
о仰ǽ踺
ľ踺ء
ͫ廹ġͯȥ֪ͨ˹ҡͫڿռʱһתͷӣڵ˵
·ġһ
ͯһᶨ˵
ͫû˵ʲôֱת̤ռУһٶĲģɲò̤ȥָд޲ȥȴƫƫ
꣬ҲСʹѡ
Ŀãּ䣬ɢȥռš
񽣱Ҫһ㡣
ͽڵ̯ϰڷŵһ룬ûȫ£Դˣ̯ȻܲӦǰĿУҪǿԣԸֱӰͣǮԡ
Ȼвܻ᲻Ǯ
ˣߣȻȥʲô飬Ȼظ˵ļλɩɩҲڡʱʶУһλҲãǣҲԽ
Ц˵̵ĳ֣ûмȥ˼޲ȥϸ˽һЩʲô
ҽǣ̽㣬ԺĽ㡣
Ҳǰһ˵
̵Ŀд׽͡
֮Žͬľзֱ꣬ǽڲȺعطģͬƣȻ׽Сԣ˭ûʲôִܡ
ãԺҿҲˡڲСˡ̫ˡ
ͬûеִЦǺǵĻӦ
Ҳϲá
ˣ磬ûи¼СֶСֶŮġ׼ҵĶ磬׼ҵɲ϶ˡЦĿп˵
һָ£ҲʼָԭȵԸ񣬵ȻеǰŻֳԸ
ˣȻȥ˵
ЦЦһֱ֣ӴԭʧٴγʱѾص뿪ǰҲĽӢѶϢǰҲڻйһ䡣
ʦǹԲˣôãط꣬Ӵ֮󣬾Ĵ׳ԺʦĻһɳ죬ҿ˵׵Դʮ־ˡѷɫǿ󡣡
Ǻǿ׵ĵ̾ˣ֮ǰЩܿһЩߣͼ۷ͨʿдΪѾͻƵླεս˵ǾƷһս׵ľƷƣеĽϵʮֵ͸ΪսֱӵĹͼ۷δǾƷƷһͼ۷塣
Ĵǧ򣬻һ治֪ᱬô˼ΰʵ̫𾪡˼顣Ŷϣֻ¶شηɲ
߰ɣڻٹһ䣬Ͼ׵ۺʦøոط꣬϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵ȲҪȥţɺٹȥ
ĽӢĿã϶¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ漴Ҳ֪Ȥûǰȥš֮ʱ䣬˭ȥţǶ
ܵĸʿĿãҲ׷ɢȻһһⲻ˵ġϾոĻʵ̫ˣоȻֻƾƣӲ˹ĵӱȵԼѡ߽ѡ񱻾нֻ꣬棬ʵǳױȵĳ
ĸܵеƵжǿ
ѾﵽһֲֿĲΡ
вη֮ġ
ܶ౾壬ң׼ǰμӾ۽Ľţȴӵжġڼ׵۳ͷӵļᶨ
ԽӵĸܵԴ׵ϡ
ڶ˳ơ
֪׼νпˣֻܹܲҪܼ׾ͺãΪһСҲ޷ǿ
ܶཫۿ׵ľӣȻ׾нʿձʵжǿԺ˵ܶཫŶЩȲЩͨʿ
ҲԳ׵ĵǿܼ˳Ҳ߰

еĽк˳һжͫǰ֮û˸ڻ£ƢٲõģҪѹƢ¡±ץסСӣĻɾǱˡȻֻҪǲ£Ǵ׸ǣֻҪС
ڻоеļΪֵʱֻ̣ڹ㳡ϵĹϣȻֳһ֡
ңҫŽ⣬һۿȥʮĿΧˣע⵽ҪӶѡ
쿴иʾ
ǹھ۽ġ
ͻУһȷҪμӣȡƣǼǣ߶ս֮УԵͳս׻ѡʵĽ졣
һϢʱûе彫һ¶˷֮ɫ
޵һ޵ڶ˭ԼĲܻȱҪ˭ǿ˭ҲҪȹ֮˵ս̸ֽҪ浶ǹɱġ
ֿˣ˶оʮֵ⡣ĳ̶ֳϣѾ֤ĹƽֻҪвܣǾͿԴӱ
ãվĳո¶ͷǵʱѧգҡײʧġҲôʧһ׳һᶨ˵ɫ䣬һĨš
ţԼԲκѷɫһԴӱ
ţڶɢ
ãʵ̫ˣովȻ˵˧Ҳڴ֮УΪ׵ľųһҪӱɹͨˡĻԺֿ˧һ¡սɳ
һ¶Цݣ˷ϲ֮ɫ
ں£Ͳ²⣬˧ǲҲһˣ֤ʵһ㣬еļ֪ȫǺ֮ġ
˭˵ŮӲСлľ¹ӢҲ󡣡
һŮ֮ɫ


1614 Ů
ŮҪͷ̫ѡ
ܹھгͷǾ͸ӵĲף죬ûо飬ûǼǲܵ顣һ仰ھУŮҪͷʵ̫ѣҪĸ߲û㹻ܸ衣ΪŮϣԾŲС
磬ͬ飬ȱݡ
սҪǳͬģǲԼµĽʿһȥ
ԣŮûа취Ͼи߲ԭ֮һ
С¡
ΨڴУĸŲ̊
λѣҲ׼μӴ׾еٿˡ
ŮߣһŮӣӢˬһ˿ӵӢܿĳе׳־δ֮¡ȻóҲ׼μӴٿˡ
ţֻдײҵŮʩչ̨ܵȻܾʹ˴򣬲֪աŮӿѯʵߵŮӣһ۾¶֮ɫܸܵͬʡ
أӦñ΢һ㡣
ŮЦ˵
ѵŮкܣһλΡ
ԱߣܿһͬӢӢ˲Ů˹Ц˵ȣˬӡ
շһ
ʱһŮ˹
龪֮ͬ䣬ͬмǼۼһȺǼΪ˵ģͬҹеľ۹ƣĿĲĿͬɫŮ֮䣬ܵĻһڤڤеĸӦָӦǺȻľۼһ
Ҳܸо֮䣬˭򵥣ŮеŮӡ
һȺüŮӡǾȻҲμٿˡ
ŮӾۼһǹâ͸ӵĿ
ȻЩ죬˭˵ʲô
׵۳ɲͬ˳ŮģŮ齨ţһӵ˾޵ľսҪǴ׵Χ˵ʲôŮӲòξĻûкɫң֮УŮȻԵƽȣȴԵƽȣݵλϣûκӡ
׹ǲһȻ˶ŮӣҲѹ֣ײŮӽУЩԶ־ŮӶԣʵӵ̫ջ󡣶ңŮ֮УͬвӵġطòӣڴУȴҵԼ̨Զ׼顣
нҲ۵ļŮӣһҲ¶˼ı顣
Ҳ֡
Ļ£ʲôطԼʩչܣ¶Ŀ⣬Ǿǻ֮͵ġ

˵ڳеõٿϢĽţ׷Ħȭƣ׼ʱӦԽĿˣҪӱչ¶ԼķɡҲҵĽšħزڻдʡ
Ҳһδνнϵ뵽ʿϰУʹУϲǽܡֻʵ̫ˣңֵּʿ档
һ㣬ô׵۳Ȼ
ڴ׵۳ĻͻĿξ˵ٶ
ʣǳɹġܶսǵʿѾ׽ڻлͨ޵ʵͬƷͷоֻҪȥεõԴԼΪս޴ı仯еĴôûаˮֵġ
ڳУõϢŮѾ׷׷ء
ںԺлۡ
һȻǼΪ֣̣ڿ߾ȻôŮˣңһòǣʸǾޣңȻȫǶġˡ£ǣСٻܽЩһˣڴ׵۳۹Ĳ˵еĲļŴͣоһš
ڣ̵Ľʮǿ󣬱ǴִϢըĻйģ־ںϵĴ¼ߵĲΡοЩȫеŮˣֵø˵飬Լ˶Ůˣֵÿĵ顣
ԣŮǶһһɩӽйȥûãֵİʶϾ̶Ů˵ʲôİˡǶˡȻףƯô꣬Ůиǿҵ̸ǼΪº͡
ϵȻͻͽġ
ۼһʮ֡
磬û뵽Щ羹Ȼܹ˾˵ĸ֣׵۳˼ʱһһҸȻģ׳Ϊؼһ˳Уϣƽ̶̾ѣԸж塣νħսоͲµһǰսϣܸźʹ״ϵ
Цſ˵ܿģôһôģʲôʼܸоһεİȫȻȻĳϡ
ָоҪࡣ
ֻߣĸо
㲻ҵݣôôҪӰ쵽ҡ
Ц˵
һ㶼ڴ׵۳ϵıʲô£ϵ֮ģɲϣΪô׵ܵˡȻиеġ
õģҴҲ뺳˶Ӱˣ̣ڵʲôλмš
ƽ˵
ţӰ쵽ףҪ׵ķչ֪ǵǶôĴ
˵ŵ˽⣬Щ㣬ϾǰгҪ˽⣬ֻƤëѣܱȵֱӴ̿е֪
ţšо˵е̨ĴܼǿߡмλҾͲ֪ǰʹʦʦҲûлشֻǿȷӦòֹһλ
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ţҪһλ̨ǿߡţԳ֮ΪʥءȻžֻ̨ҪеĶ롣Ҫһλ˶ʢ컯
ںʱҲֻеǿߣܳӶߡ
ţӵе̨ǿߣʵδҴ̫Ӱ죬Ҫ㾡ǫ̈̄Ρûо⣬׵ͷ˵
̨ܻϼʮĴܼǿߡеĶ룬жûۼˣ磬ʲôΪ硣
̺ѯʵ
У˭жҪ˵һɲ⡣˭֪սﵽʲôΡȻҲǺ档
龳ϵƣɿ̨ȻûнֹƫӦò̫󡣡
ҲûΪѣʲô
У
ӶҪɳˡŵˡ
龳龳ǿߣ˵龳һ۷壬ǾҲ졣ƣһʦҲ龳ڻԪ񾳡̫࣬˰ɡ
ٶȣ̫𾪡
µǣ̨ս
磬̫ˡ
ת̲סһȸԾ


1615 
вĸֳһǿҵĳݡ
ٶȣǶûеġȫ޷Լеص󣬸Դָ㣬Ƕ˿ȱġͬҲϳ˵Ľ޹ҲֻͻƵԪ񾳣Խ޵սԽ׶սҲֻܿս
龳ȣʮǧ
಻һľ޴
ֱǴ󵽲Խ
ȻϲݡĿУǿġǰǣǣŽͬǡ
Լĸ統ȻԽǿԽá
еģͲһơһһپ١һϵơ
Ȼ龳˵ӡѾ򿪣Ӵ֮еĴܼǿߣûܵƣĻֻµʱҡ
üһĨ֮ɫ
ӡ򿪴Ӱ̫󡣾Բһ⿪ӡָɾܸ۵ġ
赣ǣֻҪǴײңκӵܣֻҪǰҲ״Ҵ׵ɷκʱʵҪģҪҴ״ɷŰ裬ѹͿѹսټ⣬ܶ״ο뿪ħսʱҴ׵ʵ˭׿ӵġ
ƽ˵
ӡ򿪣ǲ赲ġ
ңħսпܵһδҲŽٽеʢط򣬻ǰδеˣڴ˵õʱصϵٶȣ쵽ˣԶƽʱû˭ԸһɱȰʢΪȣɷһߡ
ԽǿԽǲ׳
Ȩ£ӡ⿪Դ׵ӰҲ̫ھԵʵǰʲôͳͳҪѹԣһ㣬вǺܵġ
ͺñţУѾϲš龳֮µģ̨ô׿Եģԣ׵۳ڣ˵̣κҪѷɫ
ţţǰսǣʦ𶼶Դʮֵӡݵλƽȵĸ߶ȡ
̵ͷ˵
һ㣬ʦ̬Ͼܿһ
ȻôӵݵλȻͬ
ãʲôطܲ˵һ˵еһЩĻҲöи˽⡣
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̵ͷЦ˵λɽɽλبŴ½بŴ½УɽҲɽڣɽռݵΪ̺ŸָĶɽɽŴţǿģɽ֮ɽ֮ĸ
˵ĸɽϽ칬棬н࣬ؼޣޣoֻҪ칬ĹأͿɽоסһֱԵüΪءɽУû˭Ҷĸഫĸʵɲ⡣˭ð¡
˵ɽҲһ
ǵطؼ䣬֮ɽ֪Ŷǿߣٴܡ
ɽУڵĸ֪֮࣬ж١һǵǣνǶ緱ǡţɽУ㲻һࡣ
磬аţʥءٻɹʥصȵȡÿһжǿ
Ҳ˵Լ˽һЩɽеΣò˵ɽɽԪޱȳ治˵ңĵرʤҩдƬûб㵽򣬸̺챦Ȥ£Ҳ˵ͣ
ֻϧɽ̫ŵΧҲ㲻̫㣬Уʱ䶼Ҳڸɽ˽Ĳֻ࣬˵һšȻЩѾ㹻
بŴ½ʵ̫ˣʦǣҲ޷֪ľӡڣҲֻɽл˵磬̫̫磬ɽȻÿһɽҪѷɫҲֻѷɫһѣɽϣдţӲҪ˵بŴ½һɽɽɽ޷ȵġʮɽ˵壬аħħŵȵڡʮֻҡ˵بŴ½ġ
ҲûĽԼ֪ȫ˵˳
˵Ĳϸ
بŴ½Ǵ׵۳綼ȥģԲڣܶ鶼ԵȵԺ˵һȴøøȹ̡ȵһս󣬾Ǵʼŵʱ̡ħսδزǴ׳ɳǿ̵
еȻһЦƽ˵
սϣÿ춼սǧǶô˼֣𾪡쳤ؾ£Իױȵĵ̣ȵʱܱĿ࣬ʧȥ֮ġ
һƹȥսܺɨһУѹһС
ԣħսĴڣԴ˵һֻֻΪڷɶ۵̶ѡ
磬Ϊ׼ʱÿҶΪһ̳ơȻղҲõһ⣬ɲ
˵ţ̳̳˳һһ߿ڽܵжƵǰָ²ģһƣһƣȥܸܺһϢܶдңпҩԣһֱȣʼնЧֻǻǿЧͶѡƵĿڸҲܲ˵еǰúһذתƣЧǿңƷҲߡҪĶࡣ
Уһ˿Ľա
ĿУǾתĺһƣҲȲЩЩƣˡ
ԥЦ˵
ɫ䣬һ˿ƶܹоеļᶨ
ϲͺá
Ҳ¶һĨĵЦݣͷ˵
ˣһ֮սƺ򵥣뿪ʱӵ칬Ͻ֮սһȥǲġɽţȴٽ
̻˵һ£ϣܶ
ţɣֻҪҴףǾǴֺηвû̫⣬Щ飬֮ǰѾõϢй²⣬β²⣬ҲҪ̫⣬һУǲħսġ
ˣ磬иĸ׵Ϣ𡣡
ͻȻѯʵ
طԺвòֳӰ
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1616 ٿ
ң͸һ֪Ŵߣǣûа취ҵڣûа취̤بŴ½ӽȥɽ̫ˣڶֻǴڱɽһǵĵشûа취ȥңҪԵ
ֻܵȵ׵۳ռݵԽԽ࣬ԽԽ㣬Ӱ£лҵǡ
һԿ϶Ǿһš
Ҫǿȷһ㣬Ҳ޷С
Ҳֻˣϧ֪ǵʲô
Ҳֻ̾Ϣ
Ҳû̫⣬Ͼڴԣûб̫ϣҲ̸̫ʧʿֻҪȥԺʱ仹ţȫлٴؾֻۡҪ˰ȫͺáԷһߡ
ˣٿͿʼϣһܹ㹻ĽӱֻҪвţҴ׾ͻáͨʿ⡣ЦЦ˵
ģħսϾУ۵еĽţضǽƼԴ׶ǵֻҪûδ£϶ΌԴ׵֦
Ц˵һƶš
Ǻеĵλ
Ĳһء
ţһоͿġҲͷ˵
лŲСڴ
磬ͲԴ׵ͷ򶯲ЩĽš

һʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥ
еĿѻȫɲҹǣҹޱȣǣΪϣҹٴγսǵ£Ŀô׵۳ŵսǺεȵı뺷
׵սƻǴĿģĸ˴𺳡ǱΪ϶սһľ޴ƻ
ֱ۵ᵽΪؼһ˳ǿսڡ
ַĵǲ˵ؼǣһսǽϵĽʿֻˣ䶼ûУֻһ㣬˲û
˱˵ȻӰ
Щ׼μӿ˵Ľжڼ׵͸ӵļᶨСǿ˳̨֮ȣǰֱ̨֮ȫûκοɱԡ
ԣһٵӵӣġ
Ŀ£֪УѾڶ졣

һڰѻǳǰ
ܿһͬ֡
ܣȻԿĸʿ׷׻۶
ʿǿߣһۼΧȻҪ׵ٵξеġҪôѡţж˻ӱЩ˼Ϊ顣
λѣΪ׵۳
ǰϵĵԼݣֱ˵Ҵʣڸλţ֮ͣһΣΪӦҹаħĹԣħս۽ϣԽˣھһĽšֻҪӱͿãִһƱ򡣳ΪųλһƷ˼ôǰǣܹչֳ㹻Ĳܣ״в֮ʿĽ֮·
֮УԲΪϣ¡ֻҪвܣͿӵнĽݣһ㣬ڴУ˿Ըı䡣ֻҪлбҴס
Ҳ˵
˵׼׵ཫţеĿԽӵļᶨøӵ
ףȷʵǲѡ
Щ˵Ŀı仯Ȼ£໥һۺҲԵͷЧ
οˣΪѡţȻ̣ûһӱͬٳ˿ɡ
ٴ˵
֪ٵʲô
ֳʿѯʵ
٣Ϊ֣һΪʵΪͳ
УΪ磬֣ʵսķ֡ʣ֡һʮ֡
ͳҲΪʮ֣Уξ֡֡ʤ֡żһǶʮ֣ǽѡߣԣλܾȫӳõˮƽ
һѡΡкϸջȷܲʣѡֱٵУ൱پһ٣ĳھУӵ㹻ͳָӽʿʲôıʡͳĳ
˭˵ʲô
һΣûڣٵ̻ǽ˼򻯡
ȣԵıȶ׼УǽеĿ˲֣ȫʵսͳս֮սǼһе;սȥ۲죬顣
ûʲôһսܿġ
ս㲻ֳֻܱ˵ʵȷʵѡҲֲñˡ
˭˵ʲô
һ٣߶սоСֱ˫пˣսУԵĸʵͳ˭Ҫ̸ֽǾֻȻ˳
߿ռΪս˫ˮΪغġʼѡԼҪı֡ı֣Դ׵۳ıΪģģңǻ֡ǹܱ֣ȵȡ˫Ըѡɴ֡ñսÿһμӿߣ벻ֽͬսĻᣬ֮󣬽óɼտˡ
ѡǾųһ֮ȻҪͳ棬ľǸͳܲƿһۻʹһĿ顣
Ҫһƿزãƾʲôų
ʸûС
λҪμٵĵѣڿԽռţǰ֮أʱһȻаš
»ּ䣬ռ¶
Ȼڰѻڴ֮ͥ½СֱǰСȻٽ߶ս壬ֿˣǱҪֱӱ¶ʿǰɣǽԼеĵƽ¶˵ͻѶϢй¶һ棬ʮֲġ
΢ŽбҪġ
ˢˢˢ
ռŴ򿪣ǰμٵʿȻûгɣ׷׸̤˽ȥһ㶼лʲôΣաײΣճС
ǵһ˳档
ʽʼ
ûκγɡ
Щ˹ۿΧĻѾʽʼ
һ߶սСս壬ΪһƬ޴սвοߣȫսϿգ߿ռ䡣ˮʶգܹĿսϵһһľͬϵӽǡеһУȫΡ
вοߣ׼š
һɲǼ䣬вοߣȻһơǵѶϢҲѾɵǼǡʱдѶϢ
001742սʼˡ
һεĻƾճ֣漴Ϳοߴ£ֱˮߵءɴգԹۿȫ֡
ٿˣʽʼ


1617 ˭˵ŮӲ
ףȻһŮӣǱ001һʼȱμٿˡ˭
쿴ѶϢ֣Ů㡣˭òȷʵг֮ˡӢӦò֮վǾͿ϶ʵѧ
ĶƺҲйܺڻƽʵ˵ƷҲͳд飬仹ϵġ֪ܷ֮ʲôս
УӵϵӽǵοߣҲעսı仯
ǶǵһβμӣνУǰľߡȻҪúùۿϣԼȡһЩ顣ڽҲ׼ڻæҵġ
˭ܶ˲ܺɲǼ֪ġ
ͺñȣ߿ռϿյģд׵ཫǣ𿴵ܺҲǰԵͷܺһ䣬ȻѷɫҪһʣԲЩлԵĻһʵȻʮֿɹۡͳҲͲ֪һ
ȻԹܺӡġ
ܺ˭ǿǻƽ˧һڻƽ֮УһָĴڡ
ΣҪ֮սνС
쿴Ѿʼѡ֡
͹ܺս󣬾Ϳͬʱʼѡ֣ÿһаԴУǺ췽ܺ
ֶǴ׵۳ı֡
ֲ޼
ֻҪԸ⣬ȫԶһҲԶһ򲽱Ǹֱ໥䣬βãȫƾԼ־˭޷档
е˼ȻѡĪҪش
ܶ˶ѡı֣¶֮ɫ
սܹһıȻ٣ֻ֣һӦȫǳǹǹ֡ڡ£Ȼѡ񹥻ԽǿıԽãԼϤı֣ȻҲܷӳǿսչֳʵȴֱӶһʮ򵶶ܱʮǹܱʮؼ׶ܱõĶʮ
һ򣬷ԷΪңûаȻûдҪ䱸
ּ˵ı䱸ʱཫʿȥ¶һ˿棬Ҫ㵽׼ô
ȣܺȻҪĶࡣ
ѡģ󲿷ֶǹʮ򡣻жʮʮǹп˫ˮأʮƽ̹ʺ湥ɱƽ̹ĵ棬һɳ棬ӵ㹻ľ룬ǼѹһСײе㡣
ѡǴҪǿйɱ϶Էˮߵءʤ֣ѹݿࡣһսǬ
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ս˫ܷκһ·ķǽһ͵ɶֱֳ롣ǲͨҲȻҪˮߵزرзء
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㣬Ȼô沢Ϊʤ֧֣ȻӲùܺˣǽһֱͭǽڡ᲻ɴݡ
ÿһս󣬶ʮǽײƵһڶȴƵǽУ޾ûٶȣ֮Уֻһ֡ҲҲңǲҰ
һ㣬ȻŹ·ǣסܺͬ£Ұֱ֣ɱˮߵءⷽգȻһŮõ̶ֳȡǣƵоɽ󣬲ΪӪΪ䲻ܺߵؾ࣬䲻£սѾƫ㡣
սϵȻཫһޣս˾̾Բӡüû
ò˵ڱϣʤһ
սû⣬ǹܺȷʵΪͣվսʱչֳǿĸսսɲòܵˮ顣
Ŀսֵཫţһ¶Īء
˭˵ŮӲСأܶ˶ĸо㻻ԼȥֻҲѻʤܵĿԸߴ߳ϡһŮӡ
˼㣬⣬ӦþһλˡܣȷʵѷɫҪһŮͬڹۿѡΡŮͬҲڡֻգ˭ֲˣĸһС
еһУȫ֮ڡ
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ζĿ˵
ȻܹӱʮֿģŮŮ֮䣬ܹ׽ҲҪŮһսϷⷢȡչֳŮԵ
ֻܶ
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׵ͷĿٶŮĻǾרΪǶ齨һ֧žУкβɡ˭˵ŮӲУײӣ̨ͬܲӱͿңҲΪ׼áͽвšŮӴӾͬ羣ܱüǿǾֻܱˡ˹Ǿޣ̡̺ߣʹ̡Ҳϣ˭˵ŮӲе־Զȥ
ţֲ۾磬ͽٻŻС㹻ĽãţţκоѷɫոͿС
ľҲɿ˵һ˿ǰδе⡣
ȻʮָȤ
ѻҲԸⲢ벻С
¹ӢҲ˵
ɫ䣬ǿҵȤ
ƽʱֻͻľŮӣи־ͬϵĽü룬Ȼһ¡֤ŮӲҪѷɫһ
ãȻžͲ벻š
ЦЦͷʾӦ
δǾһ貵ɻ


1618 ʮ
ոѾˣβμӿ˵ŮУвŮӣʵѧĽŮЩŮĲܣҪӱ£ҪһУǲܡԣҲһеĳƺţŮھжһЩأһЩӡ
Ҳûж˵¿ȥ
ںУӵʱ仳ʱⲦŪо̫⡣֪оͻšԣȥʱ䲢ԣ濼ʮ꣬Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ڼ
һο߽սսϣʩչԼıܣչֳԼķɡˣҲϵİոչֳʵͳν֡ˢѡ
һοˣ磬ֻǹȥһ죬ںУȥȴֻһ졣һսһĶ⽫ţ׷״ӱ
ڹۿһ󣬾ͺŮһȥ
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漴Ƿϸۿ
Ƿ򣬸߳裬ţޣ㣬񣬷滨޻ˣۣܺţ壬Դݣʦšʷ詡
пȤЦ˼ʮУȻӿֳŮܴӱ治򵥡֮û뵽￴һãʵڲס
۾ŮȷʵѧӶҪ۷ǶжһĲܣȷʵ˷ѣοŮΣ½Ѿ֤Ůһھнҵڣ۾֮ǰ˵ĲУȫ齨͡
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׵ͷ˵ˣþеλҲһͬǰͬţ໥ʶһ¡
Щ˾ȻܹٿӱǺʣĲûκģͳһǿʵ޷ƿʿ⡣
вܣ׵սֳɵģֻҪһѵͿֱͶսӳǿս˿ԵͻѡŵĿģΪǿս׳׵ľʵ
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κε֮ġ
۾۾޽
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Ŀǰʮţһһ䣬˵
ȻѾ֪Ҫ׿ȷ
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еĻʮ໥һۣڸԵпһּᶨһֳȡһּ̤Լ̨˷ܡ
˭ĻᣬǼֱǰ׳һľٶλᣬ˭֪ûлϴս
ǺãλǽţˣҲ˵һǹŷŵ뷷⣬ְλλҴ׼һƴսν٣ѡţҪͳսһε뷷⣬ͬƸ뷷⡣ˣκν죬ھܵƾ
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ԥ˵
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ãҴķ޾ţľţʮФţоţ־ţɫţиով齨Ĳš
Уķ޾ľ뱸оŻȱ񣬻кľһžųλÿȱΣȲоš
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и߳裬ˣս뷷ΪоźžųλһƷͺƾһ˼һƷٺ»ʮöҡ
ƽ³һ
һշ֮ڰһΪѿһУһֱ߳СббȨ
סͬʱĸֳܵǰһӴƾճ֣ڣˣ˲ҪϴˢڸܵЩʱһѶϢҲݹʱѹڣºΪķš
žų߳裬л۾뷷⣬ԸΪЧ
߳ɫʱѹȥ󣬵ͺԥĹл뷷⣬ܸܵ׵۳Ӵˣ˵ĵ̡
ȻǼѣ̤ϴ׵̨
ҵ˿Ҳ׵ͷɢԼ⡣
ܺǰ⡣
ĩڡ
ܺͬɫǰһ
йܺˣս뷷ΪоһžųλһƷһƾһ˼һƷٺ»ʮöҡ


1619 
Ż£һһҲշ֮ڰһΪѿһУһֱܺСƺܿһųҵĻȼգűѵϢͬҲһɰ˳ڡ
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ܺҲͬɫͺԥĹлһһ䣬ޱȵļᶨ
⡣
ڡ
뷷⻪ΪľžųλһƷľƾһ򡣡
ǶԻ۽뷷⡣ͬ˼
ˣоųԲȱţԲȫ
ܺãоžʹ˲ȫ뷷ɫšɫŻȱֱɫţɫš׵ͷоŵԲǾͼȫС
Դˣû뷷ཫţʱڴ֮ɫ
Դ⡣
뷷ԴΪɫžųλһƷɫƾһ˼
뷷ΪɫžųλһƷɫƾһ˼
пվǰļԴֵܣˣòϾżƣֵɣң˵Ĳ˿ȷʵʵѧ
Ҳ³˭⣬ӦþǺ¥пٳٹĴʣǾпĹھеʵ֪һ˫ƼѻȻӹɵġ
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ԴˣɫųײȫԲ
ʮФŻȱ塣ħԳţħ𼦣칷
뷷ţΪţħžų
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ʮФҲûٿãα׿뷷ȥ˵õ뷷⣬Ȼǲʤϲ׷ǰлͬһƷְܴ׵˼
ڳĽʿҲ׷׵ͷ¶ЦݣЩͬţһеĽ죬Ե׽ϾͬһУҲӵйͬԺЩеͿһᣬսϻȡٲͬЭ
ڻʣ־ţ֧Уϣһֽ٣һٺɨǬ񣬻ʣ±ѩ𣬻ɽױХɳߴš
΢󣬿ʣµǷˡ
ǷĲܣУͬһСУһָʵǿȻؼǣƢʮָңگ߲޶
뷷⣬ǷΪɽžų
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ʣÿһ֧ɫڣһɾԲˡǶдʵĻᡣ
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¾ţԲ䵶õĺãսϣǿµɱ¾ԲһµգǹĪ⡣˷ʤ
ټөţө֮⣬ԡһ֧ţɽƵĸţһսϣɣǿԾսĹؼԴڡ˿Ժӡ벻Ӷѡ
ŵĽȻҲҩ˼òйأʱ䣬ѾоٵҽͨɾţЩҽͨƵ֮˶˲ûսϣɱȴôǲļǿܡ
ѪǾǴɱ֮ʺڵս
ԣɫֲƽӹͿѡ
۾ĩԸѡѪš
һ˿ʣ΢󣬿˵
ȻˣҾѡ¾š
滨˼ҲȻ˵
ĻҾѡšЦ˵ȻͳҽţսϣͬʩչܣӳҪãֶΪ
Ըš޻ҲЦЦѡ
ǾҼөšҲûжԣʵѾûѡ񣬵ȻҲûоʲôáδһֺõѡ񡣶ھгΪ׶սûս
ĿãҲǰԵͷ
ֽδزǽԴϲ
ͬʱҲǰϲǾгָţҽţսеˣ١һϲ¡
ܺãȻˣǾԸţ벻š
׵ͷûж˵ֱӶǽ뷷⡣
뷷һɣ϶¶ϲ֮ɫ飬û뵽Ȼڵʵָ֡оֱ޷ƵĿϲ
ǽԿɽռţǰѡԼսÿ֧һѡɺٶȣʣѵѡھͿɿʼ
л¼䣬һ֣һռѾǰ
ǷǿǺԥ̤˽ȥǰѡԼս
Ŀõɽ纣ޱߵսʱ𺳣ֱ޷ݡ


1620 ħ֮
ҵ죬Ǵ׵սôֱ޷󣬼ʮڣǼڣǧô
˼飬˵׵۳ڶսû뵽Ȼô࣬۵սȣֱǾţһëȫûκοɱԡô˶սңÿһǶսϵϢǽսʿ
˵׾оҹūڿԲ˵ֻǴģľֻǽһСս۳ȥҲǸǿս۾ľ֮ߣʵ尡
Ȼ׵ľûд˶սΪ̣׵սǱǳκӴսѡԴֱǣδй̫Ҹˡ
ʮĿɽ˺ӴսҸҪʹȥ
ǰҪһβүү̡һܹϵȵıԱȴжǧڵľսѡңеģдŮʵϣȻһ㶼ѷɫʮǿǾеľ
ڿһɲǣûӸ
Ȼ˶ŮΪŮҪձԱѣڿЩ⡣һ˷ܵ˵
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Ӵս뵽ĲֻǿԺѹĲԴĻ뵽һ׵۳磬ȡӴսȫǲɢ󲿷֣ۺΪͨգΪףΪ壬ٴηã಻ʱڣͿô׵̴
˿ˣȻ׶ٵ顣
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뵽ֻ棬ȫǼ
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ؼһ˳
֮һͬսɳǸоޱȵҡ

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УʬҰ֪ʬɢڴϡ
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һɳڣǰҵҲɱޣޡÿһɳڣϿڵĶܿһѧãѧԺ֮УͯڸʦȭţǣԪ̤֮·
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ħսϲյģԵҹϮʱ޿̲ΣյУȻԳеʮֵĵǣҡ»ʲô⣬ʲôõϢ
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뷷ǷΪɽžųͻɽƱλһƷ˼
뷷Ϊ

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հɻ󣬱ϾЯıԱôͻȻ˴ģ뷷⡣ȫǳϡӸоԼڵĴ׵۳ɲ⡣ҲԵĸеޱȵԺ
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ԱߣȻԿɻԱߣеĻһ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ܿɻѾһŮչֳԼķɡ
ûУֻҪţܻġǶҪҲսǸһ֮Ц˵Ҽǵ㸸˵ǳ֮󣬶ҪӿɼУСʼھñ¶ݣƾԼĲܣӾӱϸѡ񵥶ҰԶǿеͷ­Ϊ֮Ҳѡ·ҪԼѡ֮УӵнΪ׵ӵŮźжԴԣǶҪŬһ涨һͬʡ
ܵͨܲԴǻӱǾͱҪյĽһ㣬ʱҲܿ顣ԣԺҪŬ
ЩΣĻʵʩ
дϣԼŮֻһȺ竣пõķϣܹɲţκһ棬⿴ġ

ħս
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ٿ˵ĽҲðѻǿʼƽһ죬ҲɢȥӴ֮Ѿ¹أÿһʱ䣬ڰѻпУÿοʱ䡣ʱһҲζŻսһλУȻǳɹģڻдȥңʮڵ֡
٣Ҳûɳ׵ͳơ
Щսǵʿ׷ȥ󣬰ѻǣ֮ʼƽȻ˶ѡȥвٵʿǿߣֱפڳвˡ
ȫһҪףԼǴ׵۳˼
Դˣвûб̬ͬҲûзԡʱв˲ڡ
֪УѻѾһΪ
ǽϣкȻһվ档
۾ѶϢûĻħ֮λãӦþ⴦֮ڣҪȥֻ²ôסսϵ


1621 ʱմ
ħսϣһЩÿһޱȣһΣգǴܶ׽룬ΪĴܣԲֻһ͵鲻ֻܱ֮Ϊ
ħ֮Ȼڽ֮С
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пһ֣һεƾճ֣Եһȡ
ǽںкͻȻ䣬ǵıȻȻĿʼѿѺۣңѺ۳ֵٶʮ־ˣ䣬ͱ鲼棬ţΪһѻɫĹǻңȻƮɢգۼ䣬ʧڷУָš
ˣͷеһȫ𣬶ң⺡ǣͬǧʴѾˡпָ䳹ŵĹǻңһĨɫ
ǽҪ̽һ²У飬ץһЩҹаħͽ˵
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ԿЩҹаħеֱǰһһٸ࣬ϵϻֱһ߾ߺΪֹеȴûУֻ׵ıֹԭأһģǹ죬ܶȦӣȴʼ߲ȥǣеͻȻʼ仯ûϻת
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ԣԼͬûиħ֮ĽҪеĽŲеͷ
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ߣֱӽʱմңסҵ·
ϡȻϾҪǰҹħ֮Ǳ̽Ҫ·û̽Ǻľһ̸
¼䣬ȻԿһֻɫĻѾƾշ𣬳ڰѻϿգһɫĿռҲų֣ɫȻĹϡ·һ׺
ʱ仳ռšʱռԵ鱦ѹʱռ£һС˽Ӧò⣬ҪӻѻǣȻǲܣǰǴ߶鱦ǸˣȴܽرԴ֮鱦ӵ¡
ԣڴ߶εʱռ֮ѻڡ


1622 
ߣ
ЩҲûгɣֱӽȥ
ˢ
ѻ漴ͿʼֱĳŽƿնȥԽҲûκͣ٣ôֱӳ˽ȥһܸоܵĿռ䣬ʱ䣬ȫֻҵļ󣬲ϽһԵ쳣Ĺ£пռ䣬ϵıпռ֮ΪУи
ʱŤռŤ
һݽȥֱӾͻʧڴҵʱС
ֻǣЩʱջûпѻǣͱռʱ仳ǿѹðѻǸʼնǷƽ˾
˼飬۾Ȼǵ۾ȻʱմҵĽɴС
֪е״ʲôΣհɡϣ˳ҵħ֮мòҪʲôӣˡ
̤ܿѻɽʬǣֻǣЩʬǣڰѻǵһ£ȻĻΪĩڿƮɢܱ߶ǻɵģ߶ƺܵһڵӰ졣
۾Ƭʱսʮܷ̽鵽ħ֮ڵλ뷽ǲܵĻҪѰңֻ»Ҫһʱ䡣ȻѹʱռŤһСƬпܾǼΪľ룬ҪԽʮѡ
¿ܣѯʵ
Ťʱգ֮䣬Ӳ̺ǧ롣ֹ˵ȥеôס
ûУһֻܿҿ˵пռţʱ仳ѹʱգƬȻգȴڿƿصķΧ֮ڣҪ̫ǡ
׵ͷ˵
һôҪҵħ֮
ڽУиɽɽȣľֻǣЩû˱ɫȫʱ£ø࣬һ˿ûУľ
ֻûû飬ûһж˵Ļߣ˴Ŀġ
ɣһʮֹ顣
Ǹоʱš
֪Уȫ֪Ƭʱսд˶೤ʱ䡣
ڣﶼʿ˭ȱ㹻ԡ
۾쿴ǰƺһɽɽϺһʯʯģƺϤ֪ʱڳǽѲӵĳҧͻȻһ
һĿſ˹ȥ
ȻԿԱߣһɽɽһ޴챮
ȥƺǿ챮
챮ڴɽ֮ϣ·һһ㡣ܵʱմңƺûа취ʯκˣһεѹһС
챮ǰ̨Ĺͨʮƣ˵һģһ
ѻǿɽ塣
ܿǰ챮ʮ־޴󣬸ʶƺɽ嶼챮һ֡ʶƺҪƲ񷡣
ӣ
챮ϣȻԿĸ޴ıģÿһ֣·͸¶޾ΰܹѹά֡·һɽֱѹϣѹͷǶҪѹ䡣챮ϿһħѹһС
ȻĹ챮챮ֽ̺ϴͨһʱ䣬һڿռ䡣Ƭƺ챮żΪֱӵϵ
챮ϸоϽ⣬ʱգѹһеһУͳͳᱻѹйһ˿ܱطܵɹӰ졣
ܸܵ챮̺䡣
Ӧþµġ䡷елﶺòĻлžȻ棬ûжֻҪԵԴлջ񡣵õСȣ󡣡
Ǹ̾˵
һԪĽɼǿߣߵָ߶ȣ治ǳġ
쿴챮бġ
ָ챮ܿϣƺֳһζαġ
аħ֣磬ͨħ֮ۺӣԶ⣬֮׷棬Զ⣬̹ųУɱ⡣٣Ԫ֮ս
Զǧ̹꣬ħɱѪա
ħɱ̫ͼǿգ̹ᦻأĽҫ⣬߶
ۣͳ壬ս⣬߶Ը壬


챮ϵıĲϳ֣һһ䣬Уðѻʿз׷¶֮ɫ𾪣ȫ޷ڵģ𺳣һ𺳡
һԪ׷ʲô
̹Ųǿٵôˡ
徹Ȼս⣬ڵôḴġԾôое㲻ԡ϶ʲô֪Ķ
ս绹ǴڣսʲôһԪ׷ʲô
˼飬Զ⣬ܣ֪ս٣ЩսһԪٴγ֣ô¡
һʼܵĳԺССе˼ȫ޷ƽ
һԪˣһԪһ˲ŵ顣
ϾЩǰèĶǿߡκκǿߣ֣ǴӵŸԴһ㣬˭ܴơ
ЩˣͱܡǣЩǿߣһԪսǻڡеİأֻܵȵΪﵽ߲ʱʸ˽⡣
һ㣬Ѿ׼
쿴󡣡
ָ챮֡
Ԩħĸ
ڱֻʣ°˸֣ƺʧȴ޷κκۼ
ʲôԨħĸʲô
΢΢üһ˿ɫʣ֣ĴڣпǿԸӵĲΣûκԿ⡣ǲ֪شڡ
󣬾ͽЩҵ˼ȫѹȥЩûдﵽֲΣǾûʸȥ̽ؼԭʼķ֮һ
챮ħ֮϶ҲƵ챮档
¿˵
ƹȥ
׵ͷʾͬ
漴ѻٴοʼԽǿ챮жԽͬһڰѻпнٶȴʮ־˿¡
һƶ֪ȥá
ѻƵ챮档漴Ϳһ𺳵Ļ档
챮󣬺Ȼһھ޴ޱȵĹžڹž·һ޴ӣֻڹžԵֳķģ֯һĪ⡣ڹžУܿʮɫڲϱãٽƽǲӿΪУʮֵײУĴĿġ
ħ֮ħ֮
ʿ¶֮ɫȫܹܵħ֮ĺ嫣ܹܵڹžһڡ
ҵˡ
ڿžһɲǣͱ֪ܵҪҵǿħ֮
쿴ħ֮Աôһʯʲô񣬿һͷ¹ô¹ĵ˷ħ֮ƺЩͬѰĶ


1623 һͷ¹
¹
ʲô¹
ܶʿĿҪ̽ʯء
ħ֮ðһͷ¹ôеŹ֣ҪǷһֱϻʨʲôģһЩֻ¹ôϢ
ʵԽܡ
ң¹ǵıӣԣͳͳǱġ
ʱһϣǴޱĻƾҪжҪж
ʲô
һ̣仰ˣԺжԼͬĸֳһͷʲôѽʯȻ˵ˣ˵ǹؼؼǣ¹ʲôϱӣԣֱ˸̰
ҿӱʵĻȥ
ߵ̻ʣһҪĻ۾һӾˡ̣̰ҿĻͳͳǻˣͳͳҪ
̻ʺһʹӳǽһԾ£ʯ¹ɱȥɫĹצܿצϣɫķתáڷУȫԸоһֿµĽһȻµֽ١
ֽ̻̺֮ʵǿֽٶܷӳǿƻֻצϣֱŵػˮĴֽ֮
߾ⷢùëȻð¹үү½үү
һܻŭ˳
飡
̻۾ð̡һצǵϡ
꣡
һ֮ΪУУգۼ䣬ͿһӳѺۡ飬ۿɼٶӡ񣬾ôǰһ𣬻Ϊһĩɢ
̻ҪڷʱͻȻ䣬һֻð˳
ǵġ
̻Уһֻޱаӡ
ΪֻӾȻֱϡһɾʹУ̻ʱߵĵɳȥһҽջصż
һֻɫ¹ŲĴӵ˳
ݵء
ٲȻܴϣһ˿⣬һ˿ôһ˿Цſ̻ʵ޴һùĶȮҲڱ¹ǰצӣַ½үү
ֻ¹Ʋ
̻һǷŭٴɱȥΣ۾ˡȫڱŭ֮С
㣡
ֻ¹ӳӾҪ߹ȥ
צ1
̻ʲʾצӭȥ
Ϳһ
Σ·øڴ֣һצӣһӡٶΡ
İѻڽʿһĿɿڴȫ޴Ӧо۶Ҫˡ
ֻ¹򵥣̻ɱһ𣬾Ȼûбƿң̻ʵĶùƺҲûа취Ϯ壬Щһֻ¹ͻƾɢǰƺǴûз顣
ţ̻ܺô򶷵ģֻѾ˲ֲܸʹĴֻ¹Ȼû£ȷʵУڽȥֻ¹²򵥡
϶¶֮ɫ
ȻѾоеĲ֮ͬ
ֻ¹Ȼ̻ʵĶ֮еù㶼޷ϮڡȻΪģǰ֪У̻ʵùȷʵǹħħ¡֮ǰħ𶼲ò֡Գܶ˵Ϯ
ֻ¹εºܣ
ҵıް
쵰ʵ
һҵĲɱֻĲҽУ̻ʺֻ¹ͬʱֿ̻ʱ¹ȴǼ˫ȣһߡ
һȮצӾȻô࣬Ҫ˱¹Ҹʵǿɶ񣬿ɶ޳ܡ
ܲ¹ӣ߱ʵʵ޳ܣ޳
̻¹ĶһƲı顣
˶һͷʹ
һȫǰ
ˣ̻ʣǲҪٴˡ
пҲоһͷʹ΢΢ҡͷ˵
̻ǲʵĶԼ¹ݺݿһۣתϳǽ
ҪߣǾս
ͷ¹ſڷź
ħ֮ʱսܳǾȻǷ࣬㾿ʲôһʵɫ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ͷ¹֪ΪʲôǸоЩɲ⡣
¹Ҫ˵Խ˻¸ǡ¹ؼһ𣬾ɫ¹ֻҪңκ鶼Է׻ѳ飬˴ֻҪĤݱ¹ŷϱӣһǴ͸ͬԻȡޱˣ˼Щˣ½үү
ֻ¹ͷ죬һְֺƺ˷۵ס
ɫ¹̻ʵĶ֮ԭô
Ժһͷ
ɫ¹ɲͨޣһɳﵽ۷壬ȷʵؼĻǶ档Ѳ
ɫ¹УȻôһ⡣
˵ɫ¹˭֪ºֻ͡¹ֱԸͷʹѡ
ڳۻ࣬Ҵ򡣡
վߵ￴зһȣȻԻǲкڹһɽֻ˿ģʮѾ߰ھɫ¹ǰ֮Ϊһɫһôͷϣֻ¹õһſڵϡ
󵨣̫ˣˣð񡣡
¹һֽУŭĽк
Ҳûԥ˵ֱӻʮһδôڼ¹ͷһֻ¹ϷҽС
ֻҪ˵һ仰໰ֱӾһӴȥ
һ˲ϰٴΣֻ¹ٿ˵ˡж¶Ź֮ɫ
ΪѪǽħֻ֮Ҫ񲻴Ӧ˭˽Խħ֮׿˵ħ֮ײܿ˭ûбԽȥ
ɫ¹һ̧ͷƶ˵
棿
һĿ¶֮ɫôһͷ¹Ȼ˵еĽǿйأȷʵǳ飬ѵǳ
һԪĴڣͷ¹ȻϸԪġֵӡ
ȻҪǻ¸¸񣬿ħ֮ҲδزС
ɫ¹һתһ˿⣬Ц˵
ֻ¹Ȼûڲ٣ڲٶѾȥι𡣡
ڶʿ̲סǳ鴤ɫ¹Ŀ⣬ѾýȻͬȫһͷ޽ڲٵļ¹ǰһ뻹ҪԭһҪ¸
ԭأڲء
¹Ȼ棿
жĻɡ
ⲻǼٵİɡ
˵ѾһԪսҹ硣ƽ˵۾ɫ¹һĨζɫ
ƨȫˣҲˣû˭ɱҹ磬ֱ޻̸֮ٵģȫǼٵġ˻ĺúõġ˭˵ˡ
ɫ¹ͱףķŭ


1624 
Ȼš
ϢȻܶѾ²⵽Ҫ֤ʵĻ˭޷ȷϾһԪʲôĴսݱʲô˭ֻԳľɫ¹ȴƶ˵šǿŶֱӸߴ˳ϡ
ֻһͷ¹ʵЩ˷ѽ⡣
ȻʲôԭҲ޷֪Ҳȥ̽Ͼ漰Ǵ˵еĽǿߣܲ־Ͳ֣˵һǧһ򣬻ʵε⡣
ҪǱ¹ոѣǰķˣȫֻȮһӾ
ɫ¹һ˵ɫ䣬һС
ͷ¹ӣţһαҪ¹ݾƺȡ
̻ŭ
ŭ졣
ˣҪˡпֹҪǳȥ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ԻͷʹҪըġ
ħ֮ҪʲôſΪǴ򿪡Ȼ̫ףҪȻδػӦңħ֮δҪܴͨ򿪡
ƽĿǰľɫ¹ѯʵ
ͷ¹пħ֮ѶϢǿҲδΨһ
ףһ㶼סܽʱսʱ䣬ռ鱦һʵȻ㲻ʲôƺ̺żΪµһʮ־ˣ˵Ѿʸħ֮
ɫ¹һۣȻٵĶ
ļ飬ڣоһɿֲΰǿ󣬲ɽ£ȫ޷ܡ׺ޱȡ
һҲҪ¡
˵
׵ͷ˵
Ѱħ֮ǾͿ϶֪ھ;ʲôǰҹ磬һ㣬¹Ӧûв´ɡɫ¹һŵ˵

Ҳû׵ͷ˵
ȻˣҪҹǰһطæһˡ
ɫ¹˵
ˣǿߡ
΢΢ü˵
Ǿĺôпһ졣˵龳ǵ̨֤ͬ׿ԴɡݣԳǵǸһǷᡣ
ɫ¹ȫһ׬ˣң⻹ϵڱǵõӦøе˲Ŷԡ
ܷ֪ݡ
ٴѯʵ
ҿɲ˵ҵȻͻңõõĺôһֲ١ҪǾǵĺôҲġ
ɫ¹ҡҡͷԥľܾ
ǰҲֻܽҹս޷ҹ硣ҹ֮УˡΪҪҹսϣ취ҲûдƱҪǴҹ磬˵ʲôûãڣԲǰ
ģһֱҹսУڵλãӦһʱѰȥͿԡ
ɫ¹ϵ˵
Ȼڶ˽ġҲţȷʵҹսҹ硣
Ǻã۴Ӧˡ
׵ͷʾӦ
ãΪ˳֮ɫ¹Ҳ¶Ц⣬ͷ˵һԪ˳ǰΪǿΪ𡣷ֻǿգԪ˳ȴߵ˸߶ȣ̤ɳΪ˳ԱȻԵõ˼ӳ֡ٶȣ쵽˾أΪ˳֮˲á¹Ȱһ䣬㻹ǽҹʱ򡣡
˻
ƽʵ
ҹɲʲô֮أһԪսҹһ·ɱһ·ʬǣҹģҲģս֮ң޷ģҹУκ壬Ժս֮ġԵˣǺ˼ҹУճĺͯȥ۶ֵ۾ôĻУܻģȫǿߡ٣ǼΪǿ󣬸ոɱҹ֮ʱ˵ʿһЩͯ׶ûиϾɱɴգԺĴսУܷʲôȫǽսߣݲƬײҪһС
˵սҹ顣
Ǿɫ¹Ҳܿ¶һ˿˿Ŀ־顣һУž޴ĳ
ȫΪս塣κ嶼ǡ
չħ֮޶ȣҲﵽ̨ſԽ룬ⲢǾԣʵ㹻ģսǵҲȻȲۣǱӦûԡȥ󣬱Сĳ壬Щ壬ײеĺܡңɱɱɱ
ɫ¹дӦҲûģħ֮ҹսֻҪ֪ģǺԥ˵˳ȻҪ˻ᣬܵж˽һЩ鱨ѶϢһȥΣ
ģǰֻ˽һЩҵħ֮ľλãû׼ǰҹսʱ䣬º󡣡
׵ͷ˵
ֻ̽һ¶ѡʮţǧЩҪѵĥϣķӳȫսҪȻսҲں֮ڣӲǿ
ʱ䣬ϵʱ䣬ͬǻ̵ʱ򣬺еսҪ࣬ԽԽá֧һδεĴս֧޴
ɫ¹̸֮󣬰ѻٴοʼƶһΣֱӳȥ
ûãʹʱս˳
һ󣬺ľħսϴУ֮ĻɱڸصҹֻҪūǺԥУѹȻǼ졣
ÿһ죬еսǷӡ
ÿ춼мǧս֡
֪УһʱȻš
һУսڳ̨콾ڲϵĲɱͬÿն̨̨ϣңּ䣬һܼж֣ͳͳѹеҹ콾վЩҹ콾ֱǺ޵ȴƫƫ޷κΡ
棬ֻҪϳͻѡ䡣
Ӳӣȱס˵
ÿ̨ϲ಻٣ÿֻȥΣι󣬾ͲȥҲҹ콾Ըʱ̵ԭҪȻԲ׷
Ҳйõļޡ
ÿᴥҹеߡϾֱֲӵǶ˵ıǻڵȡ
طںѾԽԽˣ־ҹѹƣѾҪʧˡյõϢ־ʧֻҪ굽ʱ䡣ĻһҲδزԡһںϡҹһΪ磬ͻ᳹ͷţҲܵѹơʱ¾սҵʱ򡣡
ڳУ̧ۿգ
۾µսǡսбһռ죬Щ˵ķɫòЩ𣬺֡ҪҪнӴ
˽˵һϢ


1625 ɪ
һ޴ȺΪɫͷֲֳͬķ֧磬Ƥ壬Ƥĺ壬ټϻƤĻˣһ֧֧֧ۼһͳһĴͥ塣ʱֻһƺǾ壬һ¶ʱͻһ¶⡣
ħսʱǶֶ֣֣һһս
ս磬޷壬޷ַɫġһʼûκ·ǿߣеؼڡԣֲֵܿ֡
ʺŵϤζǰˡ񣬺ǽëϢ
̻ͻȻ˵
һվ۾ʼŹ̹⡣
ë˵ɪ
ԺкȻֳµһؾеĻ档̻׷ɪŵΡҲΨһ̻ʸιˡ⣬̻ʿǶɪʮֵļǹҡסϢһͱܵĸоϤϢ
ԣԣԣֻë⣬óԡ
̻۾ˣ˷ܵ˵ʱͷƺҪٴƷһΡ
ţе˼ȥ˵
ζЦЦɪʵҪ𣬾Բʲô̫⡣ھǲ֪ɪ״ﵽʲô̶ȡ
ڰѻǸ
һ޴ս
սܿһħʶЩħУȻԿдħʦУϵľ޴ħˮ˸Ÿָ⣬ƺܿصķ˸
ǽϣǴսʿףѲӡ
Щսܿĳʽսףдųǹ޽ƺʱܷӳǿսնǰһСڣ̺ſ񱩵
Ƕħʮֿ񱩣ңƿأУɼӰ죬ƻˣֱѪп񱩵ĴСֱ۶С
ȻҲսϣսʮֲס
ЩڳǽϵսʿԣѾңʵһܸܵΪ׺Ϣ͸ߴࡣɢ뺷Ϣ
սǣΪɳǡ
Уܿһɫսףһͷ𷢷·ĿӶϣһսȻȻɢһֶص֮ƺһߡ
ʣͳ쳼ʱ˵ǵӵǿܶǵӦ֡
ܶˣͻᱻֶصȻ󣬲ԾĻߣ׷ΪЩɪߣŴ˲ţڻ𣬽˳ɪֱ֣ӾɪΪ˵ԼһУ뵽С
Ӱ֮ȷʵУûܹӰв
һսʿ߽Уɪݼ𾴵ɪ£̽飬Ѿ֣׵۳İѻɳǿ֪Ӧ
Ȼڰѻûμ£ҪְѻǵټѣϾһ޴ĳǳأԶߣҲĿо
ڴףȻ֪֮ܲǰѻǾеĻУɪͬμˣȻԴ׵ʵжǿܿѻǵִҲǴΪ𶯡
Ҫɪ⣬Ӧԡ
˹ɣõģ׵۵ػȻǳ󣬲ǳܶģѻǹӦòʲôΣ׵ʱ䣬ÿεִսǣսенףսιӦҲɪսʿǲ࣬ǿȫԴ׵лȡһսĻɪøǿ󡣡
ɪûжԴʲôõͼһʵĲ࣬ҲǴ״û׶ֵԭ򣬴׶壬ڸԴϽйۣܳսģôУ޿ɱǿӰ
˵ԸӣûκԱ⡣
ɴ׳۵սƺǻƤĶ֣ûսʿ˹΢˵
Ҫзɫ֮𣬴Ҷ壬ֻҪ֪һ㣬Ǿ㹻ˡ
ɪȻ˵
ħսϣսεȵҪֻ˶ûв䣬ôȥԽ棬ѹԽɵӰӾˣսõ飬ﻹʲôɫֵ⡣
ԣʵǰһжǲֵһġ
ң˭ұ֤׵û֡
ɪζ˵
ǰսϣֵҹūɲֻǶ֣ͬսʿпܣȫллȡս
ֿԼ󣬱ϾսԶȻ壬ȻҲԶȻ壬ĻǾͱ׼ûȡսı˵׽УϲԸϡ챦ǵ伮ҲϿɡ
˹۾һ漴Ϳ
ʣҲҪעһ㡣
û챦Ҳ޷ȡսģϾ״޳Ǽ۸񲻸ߣҪһ۵ġȻҪǰװ׻ȡս飬ɪҲ

ɳӵزһҩҩмôһʿѪܴѪʿһഺϿԽഺ̺ʥˮȥòάഺϣܹʼ֣ѪʿȫھУ齨ʿšܳ۵ģֻҩвʥˮزеҲ֮࣬ǰڻгһֻ֡»ȡ̫ս
˹ٴο˵
лʲôԴЩǱȽġ٣ò̫ı
õģлһЩһ϶׵ʮָȤġɪ¶һ˿ЦݣƺĵҲЩˣҪ֪ǿһѡ
Կ϶һӵ׵۲ᰡǶ˵ʵڣɪһ룬ĵװԷţǸһ޿ӣõһҪ˼Уһҿ϶Լͻ⵰ңпܻõ⵰
ȫ뷭
ڿһѺҪ׵ۣ˵ʵڣЩû׵ġ»׵мǺޡ
ȻҲаյģΪԼеıҪĶһԴ뵽һ㣬еĵͱúܳ㡣
ѻѾˣߣȥһ׵ۡ
ɪͻȻ̧ۿգ˵
ϸȥȻԿУһ޴սѾɳ⡣ͣƺڵȴʲô
ɪ𣬷ɵգѻǡ
ɪ֮ɪ׵ۡδ׵ۿǷɡ
ɪڳǽѾеӰ
漴һ鴤ǰһ̹⡣


1626 
̻ʡ
ɪˣ̻ʾͷš
̻ϵõ裬ڶûа취ɢڣǰ׼ɫһɫͻ᱾ܵ񣬸оһǿҪƻĳ嶯
Ǹι־ٶֱǳ衣
޷ϴˢĳ衣
Ҫǵ飬ֻ֪Ļֻڶûˡ
̻ʣеʹʹ
ë
̻ʿɪʱͬ۷Ź⣬һ˷ܡƺ촽ƺȤʮŨ

ɪ̻ʵı飬һͷȮΪֹûоʱԼ̫ˣͬһ־޴ķաһжǺ¡˵ȷʵǺ¡
ɪѣþò
̧ۿɪЦ˵
׵ۣ֪Ƿ۾ɳгԶٱ㷹˳ɡѾڳ׼ϯϵȵıʯ֮Ѿ⿺ˡɪȻ̻ʻЩţһߣеͬȱάżᶨǡڷ롣
ʯ֮⡣
Ҳһ˿ĹâڵʳϸƺʼڴƷһαʯ֮⣬ףʯ֮ζ֮ǶֻʳѣĴƷ
Ҫɪбʯ֮ڣǾ͸ӲҪԥˡ
ãȻɪѵ룬Ȼƴǡ
ЦŵͷӦ
ˣҡ
̻վߣƺȥС
ã
пҲֻܵͷֻɪٴγ鴤һ£飬ܾУѵҪһ˵
ԣֻܵûп
룡
룡
ɪǰҲûгɣֱ߽ɳСһ·ɪ£ܿͽ뵽Уò˵ɪûпģ½죬һǱû̫棬ܿĹ͢Ů
ϯ׼ĵطһרҵ͵С
ڷһԲ
ԲϣȻԿһݷݵʳѾͰڷϣֻȫסûнҿɢȥסζڸС
ܿĳΪɪ⿵ĳʦһʮ־տǿڴġ
εϯûˣֻкɪȻҪټһֻ̻ʡ
Ůǰǰһһҿ
óʦõĲ⿵ʳѩţţ̣ƽţȲ۵ţ⣬ѩɽ⣬ƽϳĻƽЩϵȵʳģʦ⿡ѵõζбʯ֮⣬һʳģֻݡ
ɪЦſ˵
⼸ʳģʮѵõġ
УɻƽȴеļƷʮζͬɫǽɫһֽɫͣÿڸиһ¥ʳ˵ûʲôҸֵңڳʦ£ζȻȻıøζ
Ҳûж˵ӣֱӿʼƷ
ʳʮӡ
Ҫ⡣
̻ʶߣֻ͵۾ɪ˵

ɪĵʶĲһ£ϣһʹ
ȥһţ͸
ɪһǿнѹȥ
ߵŮԸ̻ʣʹޣҲûа취Ǿ͵ڸԼҲڡ
Ů˳ӵȥʱͷأһţ⣬̻ǰ
̻ʿֱһƨһϣôԼǰ⡣һſڣһ鼫Ʒţôɵ̽Уڴڵľ׽ƺܿ۵֭š
ЩɪٴθоŪŪĶ⡣
ȴûЩǾƷǰʳЩַ⿵ʳò˵ȷʵһȻͬζʳϸ˷áһɹԪԴԴϵڣڵٴοʼѪɱ䣬ڱǿ
ڳµһ鱦ʯ֮ʱһڿʼ𶯣Ѫ
ڵ֮Уصɫ糱ˮ֣ԴԴϵѪ
ͨɱ䣬۳͡
˲Ϣ䣬ԺȻȻĳһͷ׽Ҫʲô
붼룬һ䣬һϺӳѾ뵽У⽫Ϊͨ壬ĤĴ߻
ԿϺӳ룬ɫĿٻۣ޾Ĵ󺣳ϫ֮ϵĴӶи֣űϸܿ޾Ĵͼ֡
ӶķԽԽ࣬ķȻȻȥ֪Уڷ⣬ų貵⡣âУеķͻȻ䳯м俪ʼ
Ȼ䣬һɫӡƾճڶУѪУѪĳˢ£һδε³ɢ϶صϢӡϣֳصĹ׭
ͨӡ
ͨѹһд󺣣һˮ֮ӵ󺣵ޱ޲
аһĨϲ֮ɫ漴͸оڱھת£ȻȻתһĴϴ֪У·Ѿӵд󺣰ΰ
Ͷ䣬Ը컻ء
תԲ£Ѿ𣬵Ѫɱаħǿ󾳵ءӴܵشƾ֮ӴѪ˲ָ׹ȻѪȴѾԽ

ţͿһĶһõɫۿɼٶȸ֡ڡŰѪ·޵׶㣬ԴԴϵɽȥ
תඦһͻһǧ
ң̳Աʯ֮⣬ڵѪԷ˵ٶӣÿ䣬ڱ
֪УѾﵽһǧһٵľ硣
סȭͷƺһȭǰӲ俪顣ǿдơ
ջⱦʯ֮⣬ȻǶдãԺҪܶռҪҵʯ֮λ꣬һҪϧһдۣռ죬ｫΪڡ
аԸ̾
Ժжڱʯ֮ռ֮ģ˵ǰδеǿңеľĸǿռݱʯ֮ԴԴϵĵõʯ֮⡣ǿɳչ̺ļֵ̫ˡ
ЩɪȻ֪ӲһٷĹоȻʵٴͻƣתֻ൱񾳣սȴܸġ뱾ΪӣԽӵɲ⡣
׵ۣ֪ǷӵսеĻϣԴлȡһս֮ȻҪûУҲԡ
ɪȵϯŮǰʰɾ󣬷ſ˵
УͿܸĴۡ
ƽ˵


1627 
жṩսһ㣬޳ԴˣǺõ٣Ҫ٣ֵû˻᲻Ȼʲôԡ֮⣬ܶϣս϶ȻһЩսʿֻҪԸ⽻ǡԸ⸶㹻Ĵȡ
вû״ӦϾ࣬ı죬ҹ֮սȻңһգҪԸ壬Ϊ棬Ϊ׳ˣȻгͻһսʱ̡
ȻҪṩսǿ϶ǱȻģʵϣӰ첢
ֻ״ӦĻ˵ĹעȻԺδزҪѭ򽥽ͼ֮
Ȼ֪ȡսȻ׵ԿȻɪ޷׵۵Ĵ׵۳ȣǻһЩ챦ġңһ׵ۻܸȤ
ɪһȻ˵
дһ˿š
Ŷ˵˵
¶֮ɫ
۾ıǾ֣֮Ǽ챦ʵֻһ֮ֻǰ֮ҲʲôһֱУ޷Ҳûа취áӦ۾ıŲСĹ
ɪ΢󣬻˵
ʲôаı
һ㣬еԣ˿Ҳɵ¶һ˿֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ĵƾıڣ㹻ǿĵȥӦһдУΪ˵ʤơһֱΪ֪ķѶԴεڣѾ⵰ǿӣǣⱾɳȷʵ㹻ǿ
ңǿ
ˣҲĳɾ͡
ԣڵɪҪľٶвûʲô̫ԹޣϾԼѡûбҪԭڱϡ
ѡˣͲҪڡ
ˣӲΪѡںǣҡ
Ϣȷʵ𾪵аǿ϶ʮϣñһӣֻҪȫ˵һջ

ɪҲûԥ¼䣬Ѿóһֻӡ
ȻѾˣǾûʲôɳɵģϾ⣬УһôûУȡսǾǽԴϲ顣
ʲô
пǰĺӣѯʵ
ҿһʯͷƫƫʯͷʲôˣ޷ãҲ챦У͸һͨʯͷû𡣡
ɪʼ˵
ɫ仹һ˿Ц
꣡
ӱ򿪡
򿪵ͬʱȻԿںװģȷʵһʯͷһɫʯͷҪɪ˵ıֻڵϣû˭⡣ȫǡ
оû챦Ϣûԡ
ڵһʱ䣬оѾʯͷжϣй򵥵̽顣
ڣʯͷʱͻȻ俪ʼ𶯡һַ·𿴵˵ĳ嶯ָоǰδеļңһȲҪһ
ЩԱʵıܷӦ
ء
нʯͷӺ˳УĸܵʯͷжءؼǣԪûа취עȥͷ·һ໯Ļʯȫûмֵһ
Сԣ̽һ£ʯͷʲô
ջǷԼ̽뷨̽顣
ԭʯɻĸԭʯԭʯлԣУÿݽߵĿٴµĿʯ鱦Ϊϣκһԣѹرݣ׳رԴǶ䱦ң⻹һĻԭʯ챦ĻԭʯֻҪһԵĸɾԴԴϵڤڤУϵԹͨǣ֮ԴԴϵǿ
СԿ˵
ԭʯ̽еʵǾ̾Ƕ䱦Բκ챦ѷɫǸҪƳģض鱦ӲҪ˵ԭʯǲ꣬ȫԴԴϣ಻Ĳֵ
Ȼıǲ˼飬⣬ĺӦԭʯһģʵ򣬵ڼȡԭʯıԴԼɣΪһʱ򣬾Ǳɱʱˣ˵Ҫķ˾޴Ĵۣܹȡһ鱦лԭʯڣԴԴϵļȡ֮ǹͨһý飬
඼ɵľ˼¡
ʣǵõԭʯĻ޵׶һϴ룬ӱɾ޿ӡȻһӣǣڲ֪Ҫ϶ٱ
ͺñڣҪúеǧɱɴǧ磬жûб̫ϣΪȱʵ̫ˡҪɱ䣬ķѵԴֲ̫ˡ
п֪ںУУʵпͨ磬ÿں챦ʱͻֱӳڻ֮Уڻ翪ٿռ䣬ٽ뵽С˿ʵͻԭʯһʱѾȡͨ
ȴΪûȫգδͨĲΡ
Ҳ˵״̬Ӧǳںϻԭʯֱ繹ͨ
ͬʱͻȻ䴫һѶϢԺС
ѶϢȻ֮ǰԼĲ²⼸ȫơ
ԭʯȷʵǱİҪģҪֻҪӵйͨǺҲԽһ㼳ȡ֮ڿռ׳󡣵Ȼּȡٶȣ̫󣬻Ϊ֮ĸһȡڿռ䶼֮ʴ
ȻȡٶȻڿռ׳ı䡣
ԭˣҵõԭʯȡ»֮Ǿͳֲһ̰壬ңҪǿж˵öУ̺һƬ磬ȫԽ˽Ļ֮磬ٽ磬ϴˢǿıԴ׳֮һڡ
ٶȣҲ̲סʼԱƽʱϼƵš
ȻжǰĻԭʯڱصãû¶˿ǽеĻԭʯ·һû̽Դ̬
ȻʲôҿԱ֤ȷʵǸı룬ӦöԵ۾һļֵ֪ܴӵ۾лȡս
ɪһĿȵĿУѯʵ
ţʯͷȻܸȤȻˣҲ˵ʯͷԸս滻֪ΪΡ
΢˵


1628 պŽ

ɪҲ̲סһ֣˵ʵڣЩԤϣϾҲҿ϶ʯͷʲôֻǾãһӦòѰ֮ôвСã֮ǰλһ֮䡣ȻҲſԸߡ
˵ǡǡмλĥ
Ǹ߻ǵ͡
ɪЩѿزס
²⣬ʯͷпֵֹܼЩԼҪĻ˵ҲԴɣδزҪֻǣϸ˼֮ջûпڡ
Щǡôδһָõѡ
ԣɪֻ΢󣬾͵ͷӦã򣬲ҪսŮҪջѡ񣬱Ͼеõսʵɶǲףս֮ǿԴﵽͼΡ
뷨ࡣ۶۳ŵ񺣾۷塣
绮Ϊߣʦʦڣ飬ʣۣʥ
۶ʦ۶ʦڶϹͼ
һΣս͵ĶԴﵽʦдʦȫս˲սϷӳǿսϲ¡
ȻɪЩ
лбսȻ
Ҫࡣ
ãͰյ۾˵ĽнףлһЩ֪ԸԸ֣ϣٻȡһս챦ص۾ܸȤ
ɪһٴο˵ȷ֮ǰĽףٿʼһνס
ȻֻҪǱ۶ܸȤ챦Ȼٺò
׵ͷʾӦ
۾뿴
ɪٴνֻзǰ
꣡
ӱδ򿪡ϸȥȻԿֱһ
еһȻԿһ񣬺ɫĶϸ·һʮأ湴ճصɫʡҪ۾ۿ̽鲻Ĵڡ
һ챦Ϊ䶷ֻҪϣͿԽΣ˵ʧ۾Ҳ̽鲻еϢȫᱻ·ؼֱʧһɱڣɳΪһǰаɱ
аԵͷڣεĶȷʵֵһɳͳһİɱߣµĴ̿͡
챦Ҫ١
һûֱӿڶۣɪԼڡ
һս
ɪûгɣϵ˵Լļλ
ԡ
΢󣬾͵ͷӦ
챦ļֵǶ٣ûܹ㣬ֻĶ۶ѡоֵ٣ֵ٣Ϊ׵ȨʼնԼУοЩս׳ȥͲ
ĺܡ
ɪ¶һĨ˷֮ɫһսһ챦ȣԸѡսбʵʵĲƸŮʲôģȫ֮
ڶ챦
Ȼһڱף׵ı渡ֳķģһ𣬷·ֳһƬѩص󡣸һԵĸд·ڱУ̺һ嫵ıѩ硣
һڣҲһ챦Ϊס̺޾ĺ֮Խеֱӱ⣬̺һƬѩ硣ҳȥͬһѩѹ¡ǿֻҪһʮǿ챦
ɪٴοڽܵ
ⲻ׵൱ףȫԽһƬΪѩءǽʱ
ţڲĺãδزܳΪһ鱦һǧҲ׾ٵ顣Եͷ׻ǱȽϿصġԼʹãȥ͸ˣϵȵıĺܡЧ
ûʲôԵĶ̰塣
ڲ׼ȡս
Ҳûгɣƽѯʵ
ս
ɪ΢󣬱һԼеļ۸
ԣ
׵ͷʾӦ
˵սߡοԣǿװǡ
ȫûκѹ
󣬿챦ǺȻһֻ·ǵĺŽǣںŽϣܿϲõͼһۿܸܵһַյϢ
һΪպŽǣܹӰһˮƶũ÷ֵ֣ʳԵõգңĶǱпӰòľţ׳˶ɳȷǣ
ɪһָֻŽǽܵ
˵챦У᲻õģֻպŽǣŽǵӰ쵽µ÷֣˵ʵڣһ˵ž޴áô޷
УԪŨԪĴڣøʮңˣͨڲ̣׷׷䣬󣬶ңӪҲӵķḻպŽǣУԵЩ̫ҪȻҲ˵ȫҪܿ;ֻ˵챦ǲսĸҪ
пȴǰһ¶һĨɫ
챦УҪ˵ӣպŽǡõĺãһֲ˼ıܴ棬޷
챦֮Уָ͵챦ֵߣϡС
˵ɣҪ١
׵ͷɪѯʵ
ս
ɪٴ˵
ԡ
׵ͷ˵Щ챦ܹ߰սӦûɡ
û
ɪ۾ɫͷ˵
߰սڵʿûô࣬һ֣ȫʵսܷ췭ظĸı䡣
ȻˣǵѾЩսԸս֡жʵ΢ͿɽսΪս񡣡
ЦЦһ֣һռѾɳС
ͬʱһѶϢѾݵУȻ׼߰ս
ɪҲûгɣٷԸȥ
Ȼ׼ԿռԴԴӿֶսһ࣬ǿʮ־ˡսЩɪʿһ϶¶ϲ֮ɫ
ЩԺ󣬿ɶǵսѣɪĵڡɪʵԽǿȻǵĺôҲԽ飬ܲģˡ
л۾Ļ㣬塣ЩսɳǵսԱǴҲΪ
ɪǸм˵
޷ⲻҴѣģҲ޷οҲгġеȻһЦûоӹϾЩд۵ġ
ˣҲҪл۾Ͼ䣬챦Ҳ˶ľսɪ˵֪ڸһռݡǵϵЩͬǱ֡


1629 
֣ˣ
΢΢һ˿ȡ
Ǳˣʵνı֣ʵֻǾ϶ѡǣȴϲϵĴǿսʮֲסյ˾ѵ
ɪһ˵
дһ˿ء
һ㣬ûгеԤ֮ڡ
ǰӰ˵ΪڵXͻѣγɣӵи֮ͨϣһ㣬ʵܣǳҲھϡڿЩνıˣʵǽΪߵһͨĵ·
ϴ£ӵҵսƿһС
̸Ǻûǻ
һͨ죬ߵľǷĵ·ߵ£һеoԺܼ򵥵ľӵǿսһԣͬɾ޴ΣױԣҲγǿս
Σֻ˵߼߼ǡ
ûжԴ֮֡
ʣܹϵģһ׿֮ӵżǿǱ
ܷ˵һ˵Щ˵ľпѯʵ
ʹȥЩϢȻԸһ
Ȼԡ
ɪЦ˵ԱߵսǣֵܳǣڵΪֵͬ˹ڳУΪ»ŴıǿߡսʮֲףңǾյ˾ѵԣµıࡣһսҲ൱ף֮䣬඼Ըʵûľӣϰ໥ϣΪս
ֵͬ˹УԱֶԺƴĿԼϣͨõΪ˵ĵزпԱǧǿߣҲܽսΪ𺣵ǿߡеǸ˵սеԾԵʵɨķ
£лص
һͨĵ·Ȼô򵥡ҲһͨͼֱӴϡһδεļǿԴ䷢ʱġ
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Ȥ˵
Ĵǿ׹ڱУ伶ʵġһƿشųǿֲϣԪϡ
ǽ俪ߵĲΡ
иָϣȷʵ档
ȻؼǣлǶԼͨϵķȤ
ϣԲһ׵顣
£ҪϵķţҪϵطҪĵرܼڵϣϣٳϿռ䡣
ҪûϿٷܶʿϾﲻķѵԴͬʮ־˵ġ
Ǵ׵۳У𿴺ܶͨ˶֮·Ҫϣͬһɵ飬ҪԴҪٵʱӵ̡Ǵ׸ԣиԴܶϿʱҪĵرڴУ㣬ǱɿԴҪȻҲάֲȫĴþ档
Ҫоϵı뷽ǺʣֻҪõȻô׵۳ʵǣϾκ⣬׾ͿԿԽȥΪһϾʿһ·̹;ӵǱδ
һ֮Уñ𣬲ܵȺľѪ˵޷ģں£ȴ̨һ˷𡣷ҡϾ졣
ȻܽȣΪһߡ
Ȼֵͬ˹ûľӣЩˣȫ˽Աÿ˶սǶսҲǼֻҪǰȥ˵ջ񡣡
ɪЦ˵
Щ鱨Ҳûʲôġ
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ֵܳǾɳǵľ벢Զ
ڰѻûμ£ûжãֵܳǸ
ѻǵĳ֣ȻҲ˳е
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˹ǵôҰɣҵʵټǻۣǱؽУһƬҵȻΣգγĻ
һ壬һ߿˵
ˣ֪ҵ룬Ǵɱɱǰ磬˵治ܵȺܵвˣѾͬһϣˣͨˣиȥͨ˵ĶѾڡǽ˵ĹȣѾˡҵ룬ֻΪṩɳĻ̵ƷѧŵѧԣҲȥʵҵ롣
˹Ц˵
Ѿܿġ
Ȼֹ۵ʱҹвв뽫ѧԺһԳеõ̵οԼƿԼȷķӳ
άѧԺѾãʱҪѧԺЩҪĺǡ
˹ǽ˵ĹȣѾʵ룬ֵͬ˹УһԿѧԺЩǡ˹Ҫ㡣
˵
ˣ֮ǰ˵ˣ壬ҪӮңҾʹӦֵͬ˹Ȼ£ԺͲҪᡣ˹ƽ˵
ѻǳֵܳǸڿٿӦ׼ǽӴ
ʱֻһӵɫһ͹ߣĿνʮ˵ŮһԣɫȴֳһǳɫӰĳ֣ȫ˲Ϣ֣µһԱ󽫡˸
ǿռšӵпͣŲ˻ĳ̶ֳϣν൱ǿ
ڷ󣬵һʱͿţǰ
ѻǣ׵۳׵С
Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ȻУܻ᲻֪׹ҲĿų̀ϵıȶʮеʵȻ֮ϡʵȫס
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ңϢʱ䣬սǣеսЩսҹūоΪ׵۵ȷʵǰӦòǴе⣬нףǰĻȫԽ˻ȡһսʵ
˹ȻܿĳѻǵĿģڴףͬǴġ


1630 
̫ˣҪġܴ׵еõһսȫԽˣǻȡûҲԽǣǾѣӵбΪǵֵͬܡ
ǿϲ˵
Ǻ£¡
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ԣЩζţ׵۳֮ĽףȫԱ֤ȫɿʲô⣬õĽ׶Ȼÿһġ
ײ޳սǰ鱨׽սҪԸ챦жļֵܻȡٵսأһҲ⡣ˣѾ׼𡣡
˹Ц˵
κζ޳ģһ㣬˶
ȻпвٵĺöȻûбס
ߣ˹ҪҪһȥλ׵ۣһλ˵
Ц˵
Ȼ
Xͬûгɡ
ֻǼѣȻ¡ûʲôҪģеǣգ˵ľˡ
ûãѻǵִX˳Ľ뵽ѻУڳһԣ󲿷ֽףʵͲҪԳ棬ֻXڸӸȤǼԭ
XڣһֱɶǾһȻ鴫
ڻ԰мˣʱҲǰԵͷǿXʱһĨʡ
ͷ
ܺãǿ
ΪӦֻû뵽ܼXڣ룬Ĺϵ棬ʲôܽܵ顣
׵ۣ׵ȣǵʲôǲǲֵһѡXЦǺǵ˵ϵƽͣ˺С
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еȻһЦ˵
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ȻһҪġ
ԥ˵ȡսҪĵرıеЩӦûֵǮս˵ĵر֮ģȻǲֵһᡣ
еĵλȫɱԡ
־ͽҪȡƷ˳
챦ҲбġбĺȻһصĽģΪֲϵƷ׼ߣֱӴﵽסһޱȼӲıģңԣǾɷܾǿķµĹ˵ĳ̶ֳϣ𿰳һϡ
֮⣬һǾǰϽϳ䷽
һ챦ħ
Ȼħʶеһûпռ䱦ʯǴħе̺ǿĿռԿšͺģʹšƷӵĻԹͨһšڻ˵һʮֲ׵Ŀռ챦
˼ħδزܷӳԤ벻ĹЧ
֪Ժбܵһͷ
ңѳĶȷʵֱģ˭ӵе̫࣬;㣬ȫ𵽹ؼãаϽ䷽ܵӵģֻҪ䷽ȫԽ䷽ԴԴϵİֽıֱ޼᲻ݡ׵۳еЩʦ϶Ϊֲ϶ġ
Ļһս䷽Ҳһħ򡣼İ򡣲֪ǾΡ΢󣬿˵Լıۡ
İ򣿡
һXڶһۺƺõĳֿ϶漴͵ͷӦԣҪսңûΪʵ΢ҲԣǿܣϣܹһЩ
УԸҪʵģҲϣ
ŶΪʲô
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׵ֵ֪ͬ˹Ǳ˵ĹȣͨˣҲӦİ취ǵõѡңԣʵߵͣû̫ϵͨҲδɡ
˵
ͨ˱ɱ˵ϢѾݳȥһ㣬ֵҲûֱҪֻҪ΢Ϳ֪ĺ
Ȼй¶ȥҲͲ±ᣬı
û˭ᡣ
ҪᣬҲ㹻İ취ﲻĿġ
ţ֮ǰ˵˾ѵݱ֪ʵҲڿϣϣҶ֮;ͬ飬ûֻ̫ǽзͬѣΪʲôҪֳ벻Ǳ˵𡣡
кѯʵ
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Xڵĸ߶ȣӦòῴеĹֳƺԼڴУֿЩġ
׵۱£һǣֻҪ߶ͿԼ֮⣬֮£˶˾ͨˣˣֻѵǧٹ֣κοܶСпһҲпܾ֣֣಻ᳬ֡Ҳ˵ǣֻܿĵϡ
XڿΪн˵ͬʱѵˣڽԶپҲ˵ٿϡҲ޷ǶʿһͼֻѡϣǿƷסֽĳ̶ֳϣڲתĸ졣ÿˣһ֮УֻܽһΡһܣǾֻһ·ԣɽ˳֮Ϊˡ
л¶һ˿̾Ϣ
Ȼ˵κε·ߵ󣬶;ͬ飬ǣһר˵ܹӳǿսܹʵֻܵĳЩƣЩã㣬ױԣǿĵزп
ǣһֻܳһΣңԴ֮Ҳûа취ٳȫµϡ
Ҳ΢΢ü
˵ʵڣǣʣȷʵޱ󣬿ƶһ챦ֵܳͬ˹Ȼǵ
ǣ⸶ĴЩ̫
ߵǶͳе·һȻʵǿ󣬶ңȫ棬ױԣͼǿԶʩչԸĽӦԡ
һֻܾһԾǰ̡
һ㣬ǲ¾٣ԼǾԲѡġ
ǶЩûа취ϵ˵ɣһݾ˸ۣҲӵнĿܺͻᡣȱݣȴвܽܵģҲôװսܣ·̫խˡֵá
ǽƷףܷı䣬ֲȱݡ
΢ٴѯʵ
׵ĲΣǲ
ҡҡͷ˵
ȻȱʲôȱݡսȫǿԽܵġ


1631 
ǲ֪ûеڶ
пѯʵ
Ȼ챦ȱݣȴ˿ڸǿһ棬ֱܹƾǾͽڵϾѣҪϿٷҪϵֱӾɣ·оһܹ취ֲЩȱ㣬Ǿһѹ˵رҪ
ûнҲһЩˣоѡڹؼʱ̣һЩϣǣɹͼ֮ٽһξѣȫµϣԺҲ޷ѣҲûʲôˣЩϣӰ첻ͼҲĲеĸ·
ֻһǾ޷ӡ
ȻǲûֱӳԹҲ֪һжֻƴǶѣⲢҪõǵͷ
ֻһѾˣΪǲܳõġȻ϶ûеڶǸࡣֻҪ׵Ը⣬Ӧÿȥ֤ʵ
ƽ˵
ǿ϶óȥġһ㣬غĸƣȻܳá
Ȼ
еȻһЦƽĵͷ˵
˹ڣ֪Դж˽⡣
лһתͻȻڶԲ˹˵
ȻûԵףӰѻе׵۳ȷʵǿԶһ㣬׵Ϊȷʵ塣
˹Ц˵
Уڵ¶һ˿塣
ǲ֪ǷԸҴ׵۳ٴ׳һ仰
ʲô
һ̣ǲ˹϶¶֮ɫôû뵽лͻȻڶ
Ҵ׵۳ӵգս꣬տɰҵپͻѽɱݻ٣ңҴ˴󣬽вѧѧ׿֮ˣ棬Կѧ˵ԴСǽԸˣҲѧõȥŲʧ
ƽ˵
Xڷ룬Ȼֻڷģֻʶľٶ᲻ܣܲܳɹЩܹȷġͬҲûǿȱ˼뷨
һԵӦȻãӦҲ޷
ÿ˵ѡӦء
ѧ֪۾ܷһѧΡ
˹¶һ˿Ȥ
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Ҳûѧڵ˵һ飬ȻֻǼ򵥵ȴҲXں𵴣ѧǰδСһ𺳡
Xҡҡͷл׵ۿأһ׼ȫµάѧԺѾĲ࣬Ҳܽ²ܡοеСҪҡֻ˵Ǹ
գǾܾˡ
޷鱾Ը˭ǿȡ
еͷ˵
漴ҲͽҹȥûټץŲš
ǿŤĹϲ
׵ۣҲһ㿴ܽս
˹ܾҲ˵
漴óһѩ׵ѩôȥһ
ˢ
˹ǰİɫһָȻԿϹâһѾһڵʳѼ⣬ȫһۿȥνޱȣܿʳ֮ʳų
ܱʳʳ
Ŀã̲סһĨ⡣
Ѿϳʲôʳ˵ʳָʳָҪ˵ҪԵʳ˲
ν൱档
ϵĿӣϸƷʱĸܵʵʳζת
ʳ
ܸܵʳϸԽӡЩʳġ١
ʿ˵ȷʵǾӼУرƷΪױȵıݡʳζ˿ȶѷɫʣڳԻ˵Īջǧ𲻻
һ֣뷽跨Ū֡
ǵģʳ⣬ʳȻɱУҲܷҲһı֪۾Զһս
˹Ц˵
ʳ˵ڴ󲿷ʿԣʣֻһߣǿսǾֻǼߡҲʲôܵˣлһս⿴ߵȡȻһ˫ٺò
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΢󣬿˵
ãȻԡ
˹ȻʮϲϾǿʵô󣬳һ¿ڸ֮û̫棬ܻȡһսֱڱͷϡ
᲻Ըġ
ȫ֮á
Ҳû˵ʲôֻǣٴͷųһսͬʱпӲͣǰʳٶҰĳ¶ӡһʳζ
սȫתɺ
Ҳ֮ȥ
ϧһţȴΪá
Ų˹ȥıӰпзһ̾
лЩźġ
Ҳҡ
һνսлȡıһʾ˵ջ񣬶ңҪǣõǿԭʯ֮ǰûʱ䣬ȴЩȲҪںϺ󣬻ʲôɱ䡣
뾲С
һ䣬ȻԿһͨ巺Ϲıǰ
ϣƺܿصͼ֯ãʮ㣬һӶ˲ϴ£޷˾̾
εȴܱߵĿռ䶼ƺΪ֮һƺҪŤļ

ڳֺȻķ
ƺ¶һǿҵĿ
ɣںϻԭʯ֮󣬺ֻʲôɱ䡣
ڴԭʯ˳ԭʯֺ󣬱ϴݳĿԽӵǿңһȲĸо

һУȻԿշֱڻԭʯϡ漴ͿԭʯһɫҺӻԭʯ濪ʼڻңڻ󣬷·һٵĳűȥȻȻ뵽֮С
ϵĹ󣬸ӵ䣬ӵĳʸСճ
ǿӣǿ
ΪȻĸܵÿһ˿仯ͼޱȣǼ᲻ɴݣ֮ǿ֮ͬУױȡɾ£ܼǿԭʯһϡϡ
ڿռɳԣһֱûʲôϣΪû̫ıҪڿռȻñøǿһپ١
ԭʯȴǿһԵϵӡñһֲ಻ԡԻǿȴѾڡ
ԣñǱ飬ٴλԭָ


1632 ͨ
һ㣬úвԡ˴˼ϵӵĽܡ֪У˸žӨɫ⣬ıƷҪѤ
󣬾ͿԭʯڲϵС
صʣȻУĳΪһ֡
֣ǹճصĻƺһۿȥ·ڻеƲ籩תХӿ
ɱ䣬ܸܵɱ䡣
һֲȫ
ԭʯڱһֻ֣Ƿֱ˶꣬ٴط꣬׹ػޱҵ̬Ϊһ塣
ԭʯС֪УֻʣĴָСһС飬ֻǣһСȴ˸Ļ⡣Ȼ䣬ȻУ֮ڣͬʱܿķ˲֣ű裬»ͬһ⻷С
ƣ

ں
һ·ǹ⻷ת
޼
еĽƣȻĳԺУѶϢСǺܹ֮Ϊһ壬еĿÿһ鱦ҲЩܹ޼ںϡ

죬ͳһ
ؼǣںɱʱУȻȻĳһ񾮣õģҲʵġȫ
һۣȻľͨĳڡ
һɹŨĻ֮ȻȻĴӿ·ȪһһֺȻ˳ϣ·ǽκХ㣬ˢȥһֱöеĻУȥ·󺣡ȻƬͬʱһɻ籾Դ֮˳һ뵽һС
Щ磬ͬһš
»֮ƵʲߣٶȲ죬ʣڲӵģÿʱÿ̶ţǷȲɿԺʱƣһ׳άתŸǿɱ
񾮣»֮׳رԴ֮Ϊ֮ĸȻ鴫Բڲж̰塣ڿռ䣬ȻȻĵõųɳԺ㣬дǧǧĻᡣ
аһʮ⡣ֻԿھҲܴԴԴϵ棬ӲҪ˵ھҲǿԲŵġµĻ֮ܲӵġ
ͬʱټεе֮ѾԴԴϵ֧źɳδزǿġ
һǧ磬о͸űȥħħҪ
̹ŸǰһȻܸܲյĹ˵
ȻҪҲô׵顣
ǧļǷԲǧлΪֹĴСԲﶼûдﵽǣ֧£ҲֻﵽԲʮĴС֪Ƕôѵһ¡
ܺãȫٶȽῪʼӡһ¡
аԵͷܵдݳǿҲһϲ

ȻѾֲ㹻ĵ̣ԭԼǿƣЩȫСٳµڿռ䣬۳ȫµ硣ñǿ󡣡
һȣǰں챦ȥԭΪ̫ѣǧѾԽǧ磬ϣ̫ãȴͬлڣȫԴԴϵĴӻмȡ
ȻˣЩͲԥף뱦ٵء
һ䣬ջڣѹУͬʱһڱ׳֣У׳ڻ磬ֱӱ˵ƻѩΪ籩Ż磬Ӳ֮Ϊػˮ硣׸ֱײڻϣ֮ӿ
Ա׵ٳĿռ䣬ֱͻ˶ռĽޣСǧķΧ󣬾ͱúٳĿռ䣬һ£ȻȻŲƵС

ڱһһȫµƾճ֡ۡ
ʮ߲ɱɡ
ȥͬʱ綼Բ˼ٶȱͬʱڵ磬ҲڷٵС
зԲʮĴС
ڷ֮£׷СﵽԲʮĴС̣СĻ̺Ļ֮ñųɳĸ
ܿĳ磬ȫһѩ硣֮ء
Ǳǡ
ңֱɱΪ鱦Ϊѹѩ硣
ıףһ棬ͷųǧ׾١
ԣøǿˡÿһ磬ʵһݵָ̡оȻޱȵáá
ܺãָоǲȻˣǾͼ
аԵͷԺһͷ
һ䣬ѾóǿʳʣȻûսȷʵһ챦
Ҫʳȷʵ飬˵ʱأܵʳζõѶϢʳȻЩƣȴʣʮ档
жʳӣ챦ѷɫ
ڻƽʱֻ⿳ͨʳЩʳڷ䣬Ҳζ⣬ܷʮʳǳʦվտߵˮ׼ʳﵽʱ⿳ʳʱʳ൱һǵǵؼʦ
˵ؽף͸һ¥ζһ൱ǵǵĳɡ
ϣףʱʳ⿳ʳʳ
֮ǰʳͱXסƷٸߣֻһ߱ƻⲢҪһ
ɣϣԺ󶼿Ʒʳ
аԳ
һ䣬Ѿʳȥ
漴һٵءֻֻǿٳ͵ȼĶռ䡣ûйʵڲɿٵء󣬱ٴζһ㡣
翪ʼ
ٴС
һΣֱСԲʮС
ɱ䵽ʮ˲㡣
˼ʳݱʳԸȻԸſ档ʳɱ鱦󣬶ܾ͸
һʳȻҪʲôʳԺױʳᷢʳҪ磬ʳڲһƬʳռ䡣Դ溣ʳģֻҪеʳģ⿳Ӧʳٱ磬ûеʳģԸʵ֡
УȻҪ֧š
غ㣬ջ


1633 
еģֻǻ
֮ǰܹʳʳռУӦʳģʳſֱӱޱȣңʳĹȫԸΪۣʯ֮⿵ʳȻĴȻܻ̫͡
ȻһֳԵʯ֮ĽݾҪȥѰұʯ֮ͿԵõ
ڱ˵ķѵԸʮʹɶ˵ȴǲֵһᡣ
ֻҪǳԵ̫࣬ȫԹӦ
ܺãƽʱûдߣɿԳԵʳҵΪԲϵӡѾתѡ幦󣬾ͿȫΪ׳Ѫ
аԵͷǽеһ⡣
ȻһΣûֹͣ
ѡٳµڿռ䡣
ٴοʼںϡ
һں˷պŽǣһǰõ챦ħ
ֱúɱʮڿռ䣬ȻҲƫڿԡ磬պŽٵУط֣ңκֲޣʱ䣬̡ʮֵ棬õҩ֮һ
ʮ㣬ѾˡټںȥڿռСƵʻѾСԲʮټˡңκ챦ʸ뱦ġ
аԳֹͣΪ
ǲȫԻмȡ֮£ɲñµڿռ䡣
ѾʮˡҲ˵̺ʮ
ռţͣͨ鱦ն콣ìǹ«Ǭ¯аѪᣬ֮ġԪɫɽˮ֮Ȫۡ顿ۡļִ׳أġ⵶ɽӡ֮ġף졿֮ġͼʱ仳ᦣսǿηʱʣӣ컯ħλõӣƿɱǴƳߡţֻ̡飬סʳгħպŽǡ
ǸÿתҪ幦
Ҳʼʽ˼һҪ幦һ֡
ߵǾת֤ĵ·ÿһתתһ幦Իȡͬͨһվתȡԣӵиǡ
ңħսлȡĹɲ٣УħµĹ伮вж幦
Ԫս塷񾭡ǾѪ񾭡쾧塷۳ȱѡ񣬾Ҫؿǡ
еĹȻȱЩԶ巨ţ֮ǰļ幦Ҫѷɫ⻹ǴѡıȽͳ巨š
ѡ幦ǻͨ޴Ӱ졣
Ԫһ޳ɣԽԪ֮ңԪ⣬ڸַмǿĿһͻᱻȡѹʵף롶ţħ塷ŲСƣѡһŹδغʡ

аԳڲٵķŶЩ̫⡣ҪǿͨȻóȻѡ񣬱Ҫ˼ǲС
ϸ˼һһĨᶨ֮ɫȻˣ񾭡ͬҲ幦£ɴս塣ԡƿ֮Ϊܴа
֮ͬؼǿ֮һٶΪǿ
壬δزһֺõѡ񡣶ң׳鱦Ҫţ°빦Ȼٺò
ţѾ¶ġ
ˢ
ʱͻȻ䣬ֻǰĿռһŤУһöƾճǰϣܿ֯á
Ȼܽݵҵǰֻ˭
һĨɫ
ĳֶΣֱӳǰϣƺܸܵһϢ
һö͸ֱӳӦǰһӦֱ˶ıʮֵϡ󡣡
СԿ˵
ıһ㶼׷٣ѰõģԵʹá׼ǲóġ
￴Ҫ
˼ҵҪ˭Ҫҡ
ԵͷҲһ˿Ȥ
ϾҲǵһ
ӵλֵܽã껣һֱҴߣνеҴߣյ
ȻһʶԲͬĹңͬķɫںϵУֻһݣҶһʱҴߣҶйͬǲӦøһ˴˼ϵӦöϾϾҶͬ磬ǹˡ
껲ţλħսϵͬ罻̫оһξۻᣬϣҶǰƾֱǰ̫ڹڴ
УȻݳһ
Уʮ
ֱԺУӶõе˼
껣ߣ̫Ҫ֮ľۻᡣ
пŻָѾâĿȴ͸¶һ˿Ź֡ζĿһա
ɲΪ־ٶֻΪ֮໥ʶһ£һۻᡣʲôǶǴӴֱҴˣ˵ڣÿһǼ֮˾ˣֻҪһԳɳУҪͷ¡
пܳΪһʵǿ󡣵ƾˡ
ҪǾۼһˣɲһĶ࣬ҪʲôǿɾͲˡҪ໥ϵ໥ĻǺʣž޴顣
Ϊߣ껸Ȼơ
һ֯һɲɹǿ
ʣۻĻ⣬Զߣһ־޴˴˼䶼ϸʱҴߣһ׽С֣ͬľһֹͨ
ǣεľۻᣬбҪȥһ
Ȼ֮ĲޣһߣһȻƷУߵȴһ㶼١˭ܱ֤вӿֳǿߡ
磬𡣡
ʱһ洫
̣ɡ
׵ͷ˵
ƿţ̺Ȼ˽ǰöһĨȻ֮ɫ磬Ҳյո˵ĻҲ϶ˡô죬ҪҪȥμӡҲһö
Ҳӵˡ
ţҲߣӦҲӵˡ
еͷ˵ȥǿ϶ҪȥģȻǷߣǰҲսеĻкܴܻھۻϣԣλᣬܴ


1634 ̫
ȻھۻϿǵļʲߣվлģҪиһءĿܣκһ˿ᶼܷŹң߾ۻᣬ漰ĶɾͲһĶࡣЩˣֻҪزۣδһɳߵĵز
˭֪᲻һЩܡ
οЩߣܶ඼ţȥһ𣬴ĸе壬ȻǽȻͬ
껵ĿĿǲһ㰡
л˵
׼ٽͽսϡû뵽ͻȻðôһС治ܲȥִ߾ۻͷ˭Ҫǲȥ˵ߵȦ㱾û뷨Ҳ룬ǲ㷢ˣͿЩˣǲǲǳϹϵ
ѵǻƤһô
ɲñ
ҪδԲʲô¡
磬Ҫȥ𡣡
Ҳ¶˷֮ɫ
Ҫ֪Щ꣬ͬʱˣûм٣л棬ȻʮֵĿģͬһʱˣۼһܻһͬ׽СǹͬĻⶼܶࡣҲ˸ӵɣӵס
ȻҪȥʱ׼һ¾͹ȥ껾Բֻܽôһһۣ϶ĿģʱӦ伴ɡûʲôɺµġ
еȻһЦƽ˵
óȻʱۻᣬ˭ΪֻҪһۣṩˣûкô飬껻ʥˡ
ûãҲ˹⣬ͬΪ껴顣
Դˣûи档ԼȥȥûʲôơҲֻһξۻᣬ껸ҷۻͷԣҲھۻгʲôΣղŶԡ
˼ξۻᣬ˵ܼˡ
뿪ң棬һɫ֪УѾϣħսϵҹôַǷǽϵսǿʼӦҹаħĳ
񣬵ϳǽģ½ĸš
ǸոսѡʵսټϾװеһУѷɫΨһǷȱģսϵϴĴԣЩ죬ڰѻפľţȫ½ţ滻սϵѪ滻½϶ɢŨŨѪɷ
ʣѾʼսת䡣
ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ȫԲѷɫ֮ǰЩšӵǿս
ɿá
껵ĴҲħսСķˡ
ħսеߣɾԲ꣬ȻΪֱԭҴߵʮϡ٣ÿҼҲ̫١ۻϢȻ񶯵
˭ƾߵݣֻҪҴ˭лᴳһҵߵݣУѾʲôܡϾ˭ðͷչ¶ͷǡ
пԳͷȻҲлᡣ˵һҪ˳֮ܳΪǿߡ

˿̣ħսУܿһϣһ޴ĹȻ̾գĴСϸȥ˿սͨսѷɫֻ̺֮У׼䣬ҵκټͲ˸ŽɫĹâ·һƽ𹬡
ȴܸܵдݳϢ
棬ƺܿͼںգ񷣬о޴ķɣľų貵⡣޾ϯء
ϣȻֳ׭̫֡
˿̣ڹУȻԿдŮ߶
ڣһϣȻԿһɫڳ۵ӶϣܿɢεѹУƺнɫ˸
ƺһ̣ͻл緢
ѾȥˣһΣϸո¶ͷǵʱ̣пؼһ˳ĵز껲˲ܱѷɫһΣֻҪҵĿĴɣչ¶ͷѾΪȻ
һĨȵ⣬Ȼ̫壬עҪִ̫ǣݰ£ѹ졣ǰһֱ֮У޷Ϊɾͣǽҵʱ߿Գɾһҵжռͷǵҵ
У͸¶һŨŨš
ǷԹġ
˵껣ȷʵǾӴֱҴΪߺҲǱȡҪȥֻһ⣬кüŴܳҪƫƫͬʱִĽ˭ûа취ﵽĿģе껣ڴʧˡ
ҪΪߣ˼
˼ǿĻֻڵ꣬ѾڿռС
ȻֱһصĽ澹Ȼһֻڣǳҿ񱩵̫棬һöѣһֻڡֻǣֻеѾ΢޷ĵزǡǡöϣ˼ڣڸˡջΪһ塣
һΣˣ̫ʣǴѪеõһϹ̫Ź˵̫ΪϵһŹ磬̫Ҳɱ䣬ϳɳϱǿﵽ󣬿ɻڣѲ죬֮յաѹ˻ġ
Щ꣬һֱһ״̬Уֱгɣųңõеͬʱõһ̫̫һ鱦ռ޴˵ңƷǼݻ
ӵңΪߣ껺ĽԼ϶Ϊ֮ӡʱеŪ֮һעҪҡֱϣ˷һΣ֪еĴڣûаԥѡľٶ
ΪʲôΪʵľš
ӵ񾳵ǿ󾳽ΪʵǿԽ׶ս
Ȼţʮְ硣
׵ǰɣһΣע껵̨עҪѹһͷ˭뵲סҵķͷеŸӵǿңǳҡ
ηľۻᣬȻԶԶǵľۻô򵥡
ҪǳΪе䣬ʱܣҲҪһӡ飬һİաң飬ҪҪ졣ԽԽá
ؼԽ󣬶Խ
УҿϣҿΪ׼һݴһϲġ
¶һ˿ζɫƺѾ׼ʲôƻ
ʱ䣬Ȼš
εľۻᣬֻǳУңдݣߣû֪£ν൱ء˵ȥͲӰ쵽硣
Ѿڰ׼
һξۻᣬ˭ûӡϾ֮ľۻᡣ
ܿ죬ʱ͹ȥ
Ѿۻڡ
磬Ѿ׼ˡھͳô
̱ıǰ


1635 
۾Ҳ׼ˡ
Ҳ˹
һεľۻᣬҲܵĸо̫УӦûᷢΪȤ顣εľۻᣬҪоźġԣҲǺԥѡμӡ
߰ɣȥʶʶҲǺ¡
׵ͷûж˵
һ̣ǶֻһݣǾߡ
εľʲôģΪֹûκܹ˵
ˢ
һ䣬շѾǰΪһʵţֻһ˽롣ȻΪ˶žȴеֶΡ
һǸϡ
пȴûֱӶ˵¼䣬Ѿһ̤˽ȥ
ʧ̺ҲŴ߶е̤ͬԼĴС
Ŵٶȼ죬˵ȫûиоκ
һգۼ䣬ѾӰѻ뿪ٴγʱѾһƬտĹ㳡С
е˼̫ȻѰȻһ鱦оȻ̺ŲٵĿռ䣬ռ룬ȴнֽʩ¹滮
̤㳡ϣ˸ȻȻתȻ̫ʮ죬ƾ۵ɴп̽һЩء򣬷̫еһռѡȻռ̫Ҳһصءµĵذ壬Ȼ̫ɡ
ڵϣƺܿнɫ̫ȼա
κһȥôʦΪ֮Ƕġ˭޶áȴ̵õģݳޣ˷ָ
Ƭ㳡ʮֿңֻһƬ㳡ûƺЩߡΪʼŵء
ˢˢˢ
ܿһϵƬ㳡˸
ÿһⶼһӰĵ
ŮŴ磬ǸͬÿһɢϢСģԪѷɫ֪Щߣõ컯ԶеҪĶࡣңǧٹ֡
һС
磬̫ݻ껵ĵȷʵ൱
Ҳ̫Уһۿк漴˹С˵ͬʱҲڲϹ۲ܵߡпܻΪѣҲпܻΪˡ
עһչ鲻д
Ҫ˵Ⱦ䣬껵ҪЩʲô
еȻһЦƽ˵
һΣϴɫۣû¶ϵϢķ·һͨһȻվԭأֻҪ֣Կ˵Ǻ۵ġ
һΣ׼ȿ˵
Ͼ껵ĿĻȷֻǾۻᣬȻûбҪ档ĿģҲӦ䡣
ȴûиߣֱӳߵУңߣܿܶʶߡ
ףһﾹȻţȻߣûôȥ
ͻȻ䣬пһʮϤӰԺиֳһ䡣һĨɫ
ֻУȻһɫ£ϣڿ͵۹ƣǸӵķɧӵĿ˧滹һ̣ʲôӵģƺʵġߣʮֵšǮСѻ˭
꣬Ǳ仯ɾ治һĴ
ܿĳһΪ൱ףȻӵԪ񾳵Ϊ硣
ȻߣһȺؿ˹ҵĴڡֻҪǾͱȻ
ȻǮСѵĸйٲãҲû׼ﶯ֡ǵϾҲǵõٵĺôҲ
ټϣȥôãֻҪǮСѲٹҲû׼һֱšеġ
ߣһһ
̻ûйҪ̻ˣǮСѣֻ²ưոݡ˹ȥŹ֡ǿް
˵֮Ҳû֡
ǮСһֻ֣۾صתɨӹȥƺҪѰʲôͻȻ俴У۾ʱһ˹
׵ۣЩ꣬Ƿҡֱϣһɳ졣걾Ҫףû뵽һЩ⣬뿪Ƭ棬һϲ¡
ǮСѿУ˹Ц˵
һģ
ŶĪǮлʲôԳֵĺö
Ȥ˵
ȻǺö
ǮСŵ˵׵㿴
¼䣬ȻԿһֻСӵ˹Ҳû⣬ӹ򿪺һĶЩ⣬һ̡
ʲô
пǰ̣ѯʵǰҲ̣ڸӲҪ˵ǲմ̲ݡǶʿ̸𲻵ʲôΣҲһ
ⶫȫûбҪ
ǺöԶط̲ݣټ϶صطƳ̣Ϊ̣ûѰ̲ݵΣңָܻˬ׳ԪӾȻÿһӵķȲߣ̿ÿ첻ϵֻҪÿ첻ŸͿЧʼάȥ½
ǮСһŵ˵
ĵƷ
Ҫ֪Ǹǰǿ̲ݹ˾ģһ飬ֱǲҪ̫ϤУ֪ͬߵݣܳһӡߵľҲʧġԣҪÿԴ֮Ǿ취ҵһԴԴάǿĽݾ
ڵӴ뿪ҲٵΪˣǿʼΪ㡣
ɱļᰡ˼ǰջǾҪ̵ոһȥð취ط̲ݣٽиֳԣȻŪụ̣̈ٶȾͱøˡɲֻһ֡
̣һ̣ӷ̣Դ̣Ӷط򣬶Դķ̡
ǮСѺԥĶԼĲƷܡ
ĵ̡
ɳǿĸڡ
ķѵľǿǳ
ھҪջʱ
ûڣһ̣Уָðһ˿棬Ȼȼ漴һڡȻ̣ⶫûѶȣҪԸһеЧΡ
һȥһϢȻȻĳڣԺУԪʶȻȻȥܿ죬͸оԪ񣬾ӡ
ַȲ󣬵ʣȷʵӡңֻҪĹУȻȻӣûκո˵ȷʵʵ顣
ƣɡֱ̣ʲСȷʵǺöûгԣûΣҲԣ˵ɣ׼κ
׵ͷ
ⶫȷʵųȥгǿ϶еģȻҲϲֻ˵Чڴ


1636 ̫ɣ
Уִ磬ִɲ٣У˲أɻģɼ࣬ϾҪǱƵ£ʲôóΪ˻ȥ˵ǱġִУ̵ĴڣѾ뵽ĸ֡
ȻУЩǹ벻̶ѡҪ̶ܣҪв̣Ϊ׳ǣǾǵһʱֿ̣ΪǼֱһ˫Ĵ£ôܻ
пԿ϶һ֣Ȼһȳ
ĻᣬҲá
ǮС֮䣬Ҳǲܺ
ܶණǰ⣬οǮСҲûֱӽֵжԹֻ̻ʸһΣȻʲô⡣
ӣ
ǰƨǮСҪǿӣ;Բܵǰ
ǮСҪУȻǿǵĺģпɲǶһˣӵһȻؼһ˳׵۳֮࣬ġҪǵȵη磬ǧսͷųȥǾǳġ
ǶôӴг
Ҫ⣬ؼҪȶĻ
Щȫ㡣
ο׵۳ȻƣңħսϣǿǷķܵʿϲǿҲˡ˵ֵǷҵϿɣУʼת䣬ԽԽӡ
ζʲôζţҽΪĻңеӲͨܺʹײϵȻٺò
һЩССĲ죬ǰʲô
ֻҪڴ׷ңǾȫɢ
ҪȤһǿ˽̸
ǮС˷ܵ˵
ܣҲ֪ڲ˵ЩʱֻҪȻеǻᡣ
˵Ľ̸ķѵʱ䲢Ƭ̼Ѿɣ漴ҲĬûٶ˵ʲô
֪Уܿ㳡ѾۼǧˣܿЩ˵УɲֻлƤĶˣн𷢱۵ˣЩҲҴߡÿһϵϢȻڸԵĵ·
ԣҴߣֻһ֡ɢؼҴǲٵġ
Щ꣬Ҳû䣬ֻǲΪ֪ѡ
սϿǧˣѾһ𾪵֡
ңԵҴֿɾԲ٣ֻΪʱΪǣԣΪߣ֣ûߵݣҲٵõ˼ȻЩӵ컯Ҳûа취ΪߣҲ
ʱƣƺѾûҪ
ʱܿһŻŮŮڹ㳡Сÿһܿòģ˵ǧһУһ˵һ·ŮУҲλġ
λ̫ͣŮգѾϯλǰϯ
ŮЦſ˵
ϵЦԵú׺ֲͣһʵȻܸоСԳƵ൱
òǰһ
Ļ£ȻԿһ޴ĿռȻȻĳڹ㳡ϣʾ£һߺȻ˽ȥû˭Ϊ껸ʹʲôֶΡ
Ǿ
û˭Գܵס˶ߵŭ
˺Ƭġ
̤ͬǵУգ֮䣬ͳһ޴Ĵ֮С
ܿУһɫľ޴ӣŸ̬ڣܿѲ죬ԡնĻ档ÿһһۿȥĿ̲סУܸܵݳϢ
˿̣УܿѾڷһ涼ӣһһӣǵ˶ϣڷųƷһģһġ
һɣأɣܿĳͨɣǲͬģȻͨ嶼ǽɫƺһɫĻȼգĹ
̫ɣأǷɣϲ껾ȻõĳĪӵһɣпǰһ̽ɫɣأһĨɫ
Ѿе֪ʲô
̫ɣأΪɣǧһǧһǧһ졣ǧȡһΣͨɫ̫ͬȼգвڷĿȹЧһʳãɷϻͯϴаѹħЧԪʳһԪꡣһʼ̫̫֡Ϊ
ƪѶϢֱӳԺСȻ̫ɣصļֵȷʵһŷɣɣҲ̫࣬ȴֱÿǰڷһ̣һ̣ԲһҲ˵ȥٰ꣬Ҳл̫ȣԪôҪ
óһδֱʡ
Ԥȡ֮֮ͼС
аһͷֻһ㣬ѾܽСܶʩɢƣֱʴѾǼַֹǰ׳աó̫ɣأչֳľһ̡
ȻҲûʲôٶ伴ɡ
ܶߣҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
жǰȻ껵ĵһӡѾĸı䣬٣κСӡ˭ɵӡ
磬ɣشûмܺóԣóξۻᣬǻ˼񣬱󡣡̾ԱߣɣأпС˵
гԾͺá
еȻһЦһöɣأУɣڼɿڡһˬųҵĿڸгԺУʳϸȻתԪӣѪȻȻĿʼ׳
ͬʼƷ֪Уǰɣط׷ױꡣ
ͬʱλ
֪ʱһɫ۵ƾճ֡һصʣ·һھ֮ϡԾĴѹ
λѣ̫ɣأɻλĿζ
Ц˵̫ĹҲǺʹͬݵ껡λԶɣأϣôϲ
Եѿɣؿѵõһ͵ôһݴ񣬻Ҫѵлǡ
һӻ˵ܿĳϴżԲ
һߣΪ壬ǰһˣ̳ϴģͳһԲĴ·񡣰磬ҷԴóͶȡɡ
ǰЩ̫ɣʱѾо껵ʵ̣СӣһֵýõĶУҲĸùϵ
š
Цŵͷ˵껣֮ǰҿܲʶңԺȻǵҡټǰҲмĿĵġҶߣЩͲĨǡ


1637 ۻĿ
ߣһʱҴߣֱ䣬ؾˣ˼Ҷʱͬվʱķϣÿһ˶һľ콾ȣд󲿷ʿֻͬҪע߹󡣡
껲ûгɣ˵
ɫڴУܶ˶ˡȻû˵ʲôܻڣߵݣִŴܶʱ򣬱ܵһָһȵ̬ԽУУνϡƽǺ飬ܶʱ򲻻¶˿̣߾ۻУȴûʲôڵġ
ȻҲǣȫ̬
ֻ˵һ֣һ󲿷ֶѡ
ԣ껵лϿɵġ
ܵĻһֵԽС

оۿţҲ̾һ
е㶫֮УôҵϵһӽԭİĹϵһ±һЩͬС֮УĿеĵλõ
νߣߣȻӦýӽܵϵУǾԲеģҶͨˣҲܳͷأո¶ͷǣô޷Žһȡ
ǿ໥ϣӵнܵϵԴңҰ㣬ͬɳһǿĻܶ飬ǰ⣬ӭж⡣
껼˵
һһ䣬˼
ͬʱܱܿŮѾʼϲˣһݷݼʳϵİڷϣɫζȫ
ҲǰĻľ衣
ȵּȰһɫơ
ǾƷͬһ㣬õ̫ɣΪҪ̫֮Ϊ̫𣬺ȥǣϴԪаһа֮ͳͳܿ׾ͻᱻһգΪСڸмѣǿ֮Ԫ񾳽Уżǿ档ӿԪɱ䡣
ΪȻǲö˵
λƷһ¹ʳơʱЩִ٣ֻ׼һһ¡Цʾ˶ƷʳƺոյǷûһ
еȻһЦȻӣƷǰĸʳò˵ʳǲôǶؼʦ⿵ʳȻǿڸмѡڵѪϢȻӡ
׳
Ե˵Ҳ޵Ǳ˴Ҫɲһ׵飬ϵرһ̫һƬУһλ߶ǼΪ˵顣ħսһҾҪֵϾ޴˵𡣼˭Ҳûа취׵ִϲϣû̫ϵ
һһ߳һ˵ʵɲͬһʦöʦУóƸֵҩңڿٳϣ԰Ÿ滨ݣҩһΪȻҲԪ۷ǿߣѾߡ˿̣ԺǺ̫ɾ񡣵Ȼ֮ǰĽУҲǶΪı
ıȻܿĳҪʲôϣôȻǴҶܿļġֻƺЩ̫ʵ
ϵĺôҶܿĵһѰ˷֧Ԯ֮ʵоܴͬӣǣһ໥ϵ⡣һжȻ
һʮָŮƽ˵
ܿĳһŮǿ˵Ըֽüĸо͵ҵŮԣԼ䣬ܸоһ˿Ľ֡ŷâһޡֱǰǶԴһ͹˾ŮܲãΪκУõԵϽ֮·ʵ˿Ůǿ˵Ըû̫ĸı䡣
һܹ໥⽫һɶôӴ
ڣû˻ɵӡ
һĸһ
ÿһ߶һأɳڣ򵥣ı츳ҩԴκǽޣȴһֶصƷֽ֮󣬿˵һִɱؼ䣬ȱг
󲿷˻ûпڡ
ƺڵȴʲô
˭ɵӣ껽ǾۼһҲɵӣӲϵ飬ȻˣǾͱȻ̣ʲôǾֻ֪жٻ²ġ
еһֿܾǽħսˣȫۼһ𣬻ص磬ҲͬһƬСɻѡ˾񣬴󲿷ڸԵĽУԼҵӵӵѣ֮ģȻѡԭȵһУһ·
ʮŬȫôܻԸ⡣
ըëǺõġ
һֿܾǿԿԽ໥ϵķĶĴڣ˵˼ᱻǣ
λ֪ӵпô໥ϵķ
껺ԥ˵̫գҹѲأһν棬һҹж̫ʼ޾ա̫Ĺâء򡣶Ѿõ̫ϴУֻҪ뿪ħսͻ߾̫̫ȡϵ
̫һΪᦣϣסλѵϢȻԽΪ̫꣬ǵ߶ͿԵִ̫ΨһҪģƷÿδ߶ֱͣһöֻһΣͻҷ𣬻ΪСĸԲӷֻǣҪķѲСԴ
Ȼû취ԸڽӡǵĻҲֱ̫ӵķһ⣬ɵĻҲ鲻𡣡
Ļ¡
У˶ֹͣ껣Ժпתͷϵľ֮ɫԱȻչ¶û뵽ӵֱӽϵһķңûκ⣬ȷʵǿеġҪǿеĻҲζţ֮ǰ˵飬ȫʵ֡
һʵ֣ζʲô
˵һƬȡֿܣʵ̫ˡ
֮ȣʲôǸһССĴ۶ѡ
ܻȡ棬ȷʵ޷ġ
˵Ҫ뵽Уһ㣬˶ûʲôǿÿһʿĸڣӡǣص飬ײ¡
£ǼֱǿЦ
ˣǸһƿضԷ
û˭Ҳ⡣


1638 칬
ȻͻЩʱѾ׼һСԿԹ֮ͨĽۻᣬûж˿ܵסе棬ԶԶ껲Ҫ֯Ҫƿսһ졣껵ĿġģɲһĴ󡣡
ĿҲɱЩ䣬껣֪ʲô
УչĺõģѾӵһһҪһ٣ЩеӰϡ
ңвܷϣһеͻᡣ
޷ʱصĻغϣۼȴҵ˽취Խᦼκһط˴̫Сʣһ⣬ӭж⡣
ᦣؼľǽᦡ
ңȻ飬ɸͥеķһƿضԷĶߣ˭ûпμǵġȻǲӡǵġҪôǾǰ׳գɵӡ
Ҳô
һǿӡǣֻ˶ֱըëӡҲҪóԭֱӣҲڵ
ڵľٶºͣҲûдŭκˡȫƾԸ£û˻ᷢ衣Ҫм
ͻȴϸǾޱ
껣ֻİ׳ա
ʹı
ֻҪ󣬾Ͳò롣
ôֱʣ磬ʱҪеĿףͳϽߣ߸ϣһ졣̿껣һĨɫȻҲյĴʲô
ҲҪµһʯһжʱȻˮɣ˳¡
۾껵Ƽ֮໥ϵջ󣬸ǾˣܹܣֻҪ껲еȻվҪе
Ҳ̲סһ
ƽĶۣҪǼ׵۳Ļջֻ¶̫Ŀ֮ġߴľԴָĿ
˭׷
ϵرĺô棬̫ˡ
ȻҲȫܿܶ˵ϣ׷¶һĶɫаԹܸԼĺôֻҪ飬һж
еѵĽΪý飬Ϊǣߣϵ͵õһжƿԵУֻҪԸ⣬ͿԶϾֹϵʵѣҪеô
ʱֻһʦ۵ʿѯʵ
һͷɫĳƺܿͬǻ۰Ĺâǰ˹ɣ¡һʦУõʦУֶΣ죬ͬǿƥңóշǷƷƳʮ졣ͬƳһΪǿǡʵǷ
ȻҲߵ顣
ĺܶƷȫԶۣ׬ȡǮƣȡеȵȡ
Ҫ֪׼ʲô
Ļһ˵עҲϡ
ʣҲҪ֪ġ
λģҶߣۼΪ˻ͬɳѡ̫λۻύһƽ̨ѣȻȻǽۻᣬȻûйء֮ͬĽҲҪ֤ͳڳֻҡȻ˵
ȻĳҲϣԳΪ֯Ĵʼ֮һϾҲΪһ㹱ס
⻰Ȼ˵ĺġ
Ŀʲô˭
껵Ҫ˶ϣҪ֯껴ʼ˵ݣ˭޷ϣҲܽų⡣ζšעҪռһϯ֮أңҪһϯ
䲻ڡ
һ֯ȷʵҪ¹ء޹زɷԲʲôĹأҪϸ̸
ʼ˲ֻܽһˣɶ˵ΡžȨı˽ҶӦƽȡ
һ߷׷׿ڷԡ
֯黹ʮָȤģ涯˰˭֮ܽ
գһȺ˿ʼδ֯顣
ģÿһǴִϢըʱ߹һԣһܿ죬һ֯ĳѾʼ֣Ѹơ
Щûв룬ҲûֹֻǾĹۿš
·һԹһһ֯Ѹٿʼƣǽ
֯ߵĲο£ȡΪ칬
칬һȻЩѣûʵϵȨֻһ
칬еĹزࡣֻмѡ
һ֮䣬̫ʱö֣ߣ칬ң߹֮
й¶칬֮£칬ֻ֮
칬УƽȣκηʽȺˡֻڹоеȨܸߵκΪ
ν൱ļ򵥡ΨһĿľǱ֤İȫκηʽй̫УԲһ뿪̫ϵر˭ܼõ
лֱӹ涨ûȨ
ʣЩ˶йǵģһǵǾ͵ͷ϶һ̫ϻʣĪѹһɽһڣһ㣬˭ԸӦ
ƽ޹ʵİһͷʲô¡
һٳԺУ칬֯漴ôˡ
ûԼȴṩ֯Ǻܶϲּ顣飬ǲμӣҲһԲ룬ֹһִơ
λѣȻҪ칬ĳ͵ʲã⹬֮λʱ֪λΡ漴˵
У칬λãǺС
Դˣ˶ûпڷԡ
ε飬ġ̫ģҪЩע껵Ĺ֮λѾǱȻ˭ûа취ߡ
ԣҲˮɵ顣
ԵѳΪ칬Ȼû飬λΪӦƾΪڵĻڡ
ʱͻȻ˵ΪУ׵۵ΪߣɾߣߡУͬ޳ҡԣ֮λӦ׵һϯ
䣬Ľƾٳ
׵۵ݣռһϯְλȻǴ´࣬ͬ⡣
Ҳͬ⣬Ҫ׵Ҿûκ˫ͬ
׷׿УһĨη
е֣Ȼ֪ܲߵݣĺܣһܵĸоɡ׵۳֮ҪݻܳΪһǼֱǿЦ
飬ȫƱͨ
û˻᲻ӡ


1639 
Ȼ飬Ҳȴ֮ˡʲô֮λֻζѣҾ칬йҸҪµĻңֻҪܰģͲƴǣҴ׵۳ҲӭǰֻҪشɷԿɳͨ衣еȻһЦƽ˵
칬ְλûƴǡ
ֻһζѡ
һ漴ͿڶűƾٳΣȴһˡΪסֶ٣һʦɲͨˣǽһȻȲϴףȴҲʳԣȻȲУУУνԺա
һ
İ·ʳҲʵǿʮֲסȻƾٳ
칬һ֮ĽҲ֮ʼ
һνףÿ˶ԵʮֵıءûóʲôرóģͬһƷܶ඼ԼƣƳĵҩ֮ġ
ʦĵҩҩʦҩƷʦķֽʦֽ˵ȵȡǸָаﶼܿĵӦӲϾò˵ߵ֮ûһǷϲġ
һЩļա
磬ǮСѵ̡һʵˣ֮ƣڽʱȻͷʮۣǺܶʿʮڴƷ
ڽУҲ˲ٵƷ
Ȼ㲻ض飬ҲǴջ
û⣬һۻȻʼɢȥ
˳ϵ׷뿪̫·ظԭڵλáҲصȥ
껶̫Уһȥһɫǰչܿϣһֻչ߷ɣƺҪᦶء
ϣٲȻܿһֲ˸
ᦣһ̤ȥˡ칬֣ܺá׵Σ칬֮УһҪ֮£ֻǸոտʼֻҪʼˣǾԶͣ¡ʵֻô
껿ŽᦣһĨɫǱȻ¶һĨЦ⡣
û׼Ҫһξͽշǲʵ飬ЩˣÿһԼĽ׼䣬һǵĵߣ칬Ͳڣ칬ˣĿľѾﵽˡ
һý飬Ҳһ
ͨ˰

ѻУâһѾء
磬ε㵽ôġ껵ĿģӦòֻˡҪʲô
̿пѯʵ
ε飬Щ˼飬һȺ߻һ𣬳һʳƷȻĪһ𴴽һ칬ܹ֯ߣ߿̫໥ǻͨޡȫ֮ĻС
칬λãô껸ռˡ
껵ĿѾﵽˣһΣΪ˴칬ңнᦣߣһִƣ֮λ˭ȻڹͷֻһζѣΣδزתʵֻҪ߳ĵһѡһȻǳɹģΣҪֶΡϵĹʵϵĹĿԴ䡣
еȻһЦƽ˵
һٲ绢Ρ߿ɲɵӰ׳գϢըִ߹ǼҪǣѶȿɲһĴ
ֲ᲻صĴ٣˷ɾ衣
пԿ϶껾ԲֻһεͷҪʵ
۾ǽǸô졣
ؿѯʵ
ô죬һճ칬ҪоۻᣬǾȥμӣ׼ɣ׵ķöóضѵģĴ£ǺֶΪеĸ챦ǲոһΣֻ΢̽˭ûóĺö칬ôȫԽ칬ռ챦Ҫģֻһ֣Ǿǣң칬ΪΨһĽ׻ҡ
еȻһЦ˵
칬Ĵڣδزһ£٣ͨߵƽ̨ǲдġ
ֻҪ칬ôһƽ̨Ūʲô۶ӣʲôıƣҲƵףԳΪ׵һƽ̨ģĳң磬ⶫУᷢӳӾ˵Чû˭ϵر߸ܽɢ硣
칬ڣ߿ȶĴӴлȡңܴջ޾ĸԴ
ֺôû˭ܱȵϴס
ߵõĺôȣǾǾţһëܹȡĴ£ȻܲԣĿ칬ĵûκξٶ
ϸݣҲûоܾ
ȣھϳռؼڻǲҪ顣칬ĴڣûҵĲ֣ѸٸǴ硣ʱҲǴ׵ĻңΪеҡһɣ׽ӵԴԴϵ˻۶
۳յ㣬ǲһѡ
칬ܺáҪƿߣǾȥʼջҡ
л˵̧ۿգ¶һĨζɫ
Ҫ輦
Ŵ˵
ž
һͷϣû˵ʲôн輦츣㣬׵֮⣬ů
۾Լǣԣ;ǵõ˵ϿɡƬĻұؽΪеͳԸΪ۾
һƬȡ
ûκһֽݾܹͨ칬һƽ̨ɢҪӵķ㡣ܸ£ԼݵλڴӳҪá
Ҳһλչֳֵʱ
칬ֻܹȻõѡ
ҲҪץסλᣬڴнԼĹѫ
ţ½ȷʵòڻû˭֪ʹ׵ĹϵУδزܳΪһų䲻ĵơ
еͷ˵ȴû
磬׵ɣǴ׵ĳóԴԴϵңҲκλɣȻڰаģ˵Чá
۾һת漴
Ϊȫ㹻ҪóԴԴϵңҲûκ⣬سΪӣڹؼʱ̣˵иô
һһศɡ
ţãǾڰȲʲôһо伴ɡֻҪܽҲϵͷųȥС칬ûʲôҲûʲôǵĸڴסھԵǰһжҪʲôֻҪֲ´󼪡
ƽ˵
ǿǿɽڡ
칬Ľּɵģڱס֪Ϊ׽ʡ¶ٵĹ
Ǵ˰


1640 ͼ
󣬺ܿ죬̾ʹȥˣҪǿʼΪһε칬׼׼׶еزҪ׼øӴҡκĽԴԴϵͨȥΪҪġǴ칬нһרŶһҵĵ̡
ǺбҪ顣
Ȼܶ黹ҪüƻٳС
칬Ľǲ֪ɣʮء⣬˸޴֪˭칬Ƕôµһ֯һ¶ǶôֲԱȫߣԽʱƣ칬еʵԽӵǿԽӵľˡ
ϧû칬пӰ治֪ʲôط
̶̫֮лЩźģҪܲĸֻϧֿܴĻʧûдԸϾ֮ǰҲ̫ߡԣʧҲ㲻̫ࡣ
ֻҪ֪ĸţȫǾһж⡣
Ҫǣ칬껵˵ҵĸټ
ϾѰߣɲֻҪ뿪ħսʱ칬мĻᡣ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ж칬ĳûпּɡ

ʱȻš
칬ܽħսܲʲôӰ죬ôôÿ춼ڳźҹаħϮսʧǲö˵ҹʧͬŸָ
սǲпġ
ȻУÿһգеսڱӣʵӡ
ֻܶʿܸоҹһչ¶ʵѾʼԽԽǿطںѾԽԽ죬һﵽһƽеѹƶʧ
սҶȻ˲ﵽ塣
ʱµġ
֪У뵱ǰʱս뿪Ѿﵽ¡
ѾȻʮꡣ
ʮ¡
ħսϣȻûʲôڲڣÿնѪжȹնѣѾòҪҲֻڳаһپϯԾнʿһ;
һ죬ѻǲ֪УѾٴʱս⡣
ܿܣǼžһƬ׹ɽεѹȻȻܡ
ѻǾֹȴš
гգڰѻϿգȻԿһ㽫̨Ѿи̤ϵ㽫̨ܣһ֧֧гķ
ſкѹѹһƬԭʼüװЩţֳ𺳵ľòѪη
ȸ׻䣬ħ¾ɣ񣬺ˮһľѽɫɫɫɫɫɫɫս칷ħԳѩãߣţħ𼦣ٻѻ£䣬Ѫө쫷磬ѩɽɳۡ
һʮ֧š
ÿ֧һǧİÿһ֧Унʿ͵ģǾƷʵǿνһ𣬻Ȼһ塣
۾ʮ֧սţѾȫϣÿ֧һʿǧİʵǧİнʿѾﵽƷ۾ġ
ҡҡȣ㽫̨ǰ˵Ҳܿһ˿һ˿ԺǿܲΪ֮Ժ
ܺá
׵ͷ·ѹѹĴܿЩУнʿĿȫϣƺڵȴʲô־ηݣȫĿ¶вȻһָд
λʿǶҴ׵ĽеӵǶеԺǾҴ׵۳ĵ̣
һ󣬶Ȼ˵һΣ뵱ǰħսͬҪֱɱҹսܿܣһΣȥ󣬾ҲزԶأ֪ɱҹսۣѡǰС
ƾʲôֻҹ繥硣
ƾʲôֻܱ֣ܹ
ƾʲôֻܱ֣ȴܷ
һʣʿеĹâޱȳȡһоڵѪҺʼڡս⼸Ҫӿ׻Ϊսϯķ
ɨһС

ҧսŭ

ʿŷźʿνǣ
ƺʱᱬ
գǴ׵۳Ѫҹ磬壬ˡ
зһϺȡ
㣬ˣ壬κ塣
սսս
ʿ׷׷ź
ͬУ
һ֣ϡ
һֻǶԱʿѣͬǸнʿһ׼
¡¡
ѻǿʼƶҪʱսȥ
ˢ
Ҫ̤ȥʱֻǰͻȻӰ
ңɢǰôˡ
пһĨɫѯʵͻȻֵģңɢ˺ͳ˭ǵӣѾȺ
˳ֺ󣬿ѻǣ̤кĽʿҲһĨ֮̾ɫ׵ĵ̣ȷʵǵ֮⣬ӴһҪħսϣѾӵս
ӰǾ޴ġ
Ҫ֪˶ĽʿսңЩеľųÿһʵǳʮǿһĸ֡
Ȼǲ˵
ֵ̣κһû˭ܹ⡣
֪׵ۺ񣬿ɻû뵽ۺֵز
ңɢҡҡͷ˵ʵҪǰҹսǳˮнգ׵Ĳ׼ıô
䣬ҪȰһȰС
ҹս̫գǳδ֪һ鱨֪ôܹġôȥʵԽܡ
ǰ̫ǡѾٸģҹս̶ѨҲҪһҧһεԶҲѾϸļƻ⣬һҹսУһˡ
ƽ˵
ѾΪʵԲٸģϷԣңΪԶ׼֮࣬Ѿ˲òһĵزΪ˸ۡ
ţȻ£Ҳ޷ֹιһȰȰ㣬ȻȰǾһЩϣԶ
һóһͼһԪƳҹսͼսϲı䶯ͼԶоս
䣬ѾͼС
ʲôҹսͼ
һ̣УҲɵ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫҪ֪ͼֻҪӵУսֱ仯ĻȫԽռ֣ٲҹսһ֪һʼν޴


1641 ɡ
֮ǰ˵ҹսһЩ飬ЩţôܱȵһݵͼЩλᷢı䣬кܴĿܣЩɲ仯һЩһ£ǲбʵġ٣ԱܿЩΣյĽһĨڣʲô֪ҪǿĶࡣ
лݵͼȷʵҴдá
׵ͷڵл
ֻҪþͺá
ͷ˵
УʮֵĿãȻϣҹսֻ޷ǰҹͷΨһģΧڣһİģҲ޷æϾʱ̤ҹսЩǴŸֹơ
׵ۣȻִҪȥƶҲֻܸף˵õĵ
ңɢҲ˵
ΨһģǾܵĸһЩֶơ
ܿһƾճǰ
һɡɡʵģ·Ǻɣճ֯һ𣬷·һڻصܶʼԴԴϣ಻
ɡһ챦ΪɡûΨһڱ٣ֻҪɡ£ΪߵĴܣ׿̽ѰټҹսȻħսһǿ߶޷׳֣߾磬Ҳѹ龳Σ̨ǿ߿Գ֣㻹ҪСĽɡڣٿڰȫ档ҪǣɡУ̺һŶݣκʱ߶ͨΪһ⡣ʮʩչһΣʩչֻܵȵʮ󣬲ٴλָʩչʮһ
ңɢ˻˵
ɡרźķѴѰ챦Ȼֻǻƽ챦ڱǴݵֵ˲䱶ﵽ˾̾ĵز
ڹؼʱ̣ȫԽ˱סһ
һ֮
͸Уɼжȷʵ
лɢǰ
һҲһ𺳣û뵽ɡȻ֮ȫ󣬿ǱҹսУ˭֪ʲôɡڹؼʱ̣ӵһŷ̵ĵơ
͸ӵҪ
챦챦Уϡٵһ࣬κһǧңɢܹһķѵľ֪
оܾˣҲֻܾܾĵװԼ顣
Ժк󱨡
ڽȥҹս֮һϵð֮ʱҪ࿼ǿĴ׵۳գѵܳһλ콾Ѵɡ͵һ֮нഫ˲岻ϱǿĸңɢ˵ȻһЦƽ˵
ɡȻ󣬲׻û̫⡣Ҫɲһ׵¡ҪķѲСľ
׵ͷ漴ͽɡڣ˲ںϡ
һٵ£һ֮ںп١
ʮһ㡣
ɡͬڿٵвɱ䣬ɱ䣬ѸͻƣףؽסֱӳΪؽ챦鱦챦ɡҲ֮Ǵ
֮ǰȣ˰ٱǧңݵȻʩչһΣҪȴʮУݵٶȣ룬Ǵӡ˲Ϣ䷢ûκνסֹܶؼʱ̣Ǳơ

ûκγɣһּ䣬ѻǱֱĳʱսдйȥͬʱʱ仳ռŶȻĳУΪѻѹաֵԽʴ
ңɢ˾վգŰѻǽʱս˿˿ɫ
Ǹӡ
ʱ鱦ռ鱦׵۹д֮ˣ鱦ҲõĳѹָǰʱսҪҹͲ֪һΣ᲻һõĽ
ңɢĿã̾
ЩҪʵ֤
࣬׵۵ǻز۵ࡣ
Ҳͷ˵
⻰Ҳǿοѡ
õĻһԪսҹĴܣһǺ죬ɸսģսܻģҲˡսʲôԡ
ҹսϣһǿߣսͬŴĻԵͿ׵ܲܰյסңɢ˼˵
ʱս
ʱջҵβϳֻ֣ʱǰЩΣǺ׵ıѹȥðѻǣʼƽȵǰƿնȥ
֪УѾǿħ֮ǰ
٣ˡ
еִʱͿϹâһֻɫ¹Ѿƾմӵð˳Уһ˷ȸԾѯʵ׼ûУǲҪħ֮
ţѾ׼׵Ҫ׼
׵ͷ˵
̫ˣħ֮ʱԿҪһȥУսǲͨħ֮ģڴʱ̺սɼӰ죬ĿԽѹԽ󡣶ңһȥôһսǣǺҹеĵ̫Ŀˡ
ɫ¹˵
Ǵ󲻹ȥĿ̫̫Ŀˡ
޷Щ⡣
еȻһЦƽ˵漴ͿеĿռţۿɼٶȷţų޾ɫ⣬ѻǶڡţâһټİѻѾƾʧռҲʧ
ǰȻһ׼ѻǶڱ˵⣬кڣ˵һսǣʮһҲͬ⡣ȴһڵɡУ֮򿪣ͷ
ڴɡͬʱеϢѾ״ؼƾʧΪУо
һɡȻڵ˵ɡƣֽȻͬɡڣҹİȫԱ֮ǰҪֹ
ɫ¹һĨ֮ɫ
ɣڿԳˡ
Ͼͼ˵
ɫ¹ħ֮ǰһӳŹž߿ȥ
ž
žһţķ˸һڵдڹžи֣תƺĳ˼ĵص㡣
ҪȥҪ֪ҹȥˣпܻͬҲпܻ
ζĿһ۾ɫ¹
ͷ¹ǷңǴһԪģ̺ܣǳһλǿ߲ϵԸȴԵЩӡ
֮ǰû˵Ҫһȥ
ͻȻδЩͬѰ
ⲻҲȷĵصôԲҪţ¹ǰúƽģԲܡɱָ¹Ա߸źͿԡ
ɫ¹һư˵
ûӡ
̻ʸߣһĵ˵


1642 ħ֮
ֻɵʲô¹ҪΪȥƽġɫ¹˵̻ʵıģǺĻؾһۡûнҹսô֪ǱߵĿ£οֻҪȥ˶ѣģȫҪǵ򲻵ѵ²Ż֡
ʵһԪеݣòѡһ˵
ˣ̻ʣȻ磬ɡֻҪȥͿԲǳκǿߵĹעƽ˵ɫ¹ԸǾ͸ţ˵ô
ߣֻҪ鷳Ϳԡ
ٺ٣Ҫһ䣬ħ֮ߣҪ׼ڴħ֮ǹռҹһͨͬҲһ·ֻǣԪսᣬս֮Уײħ֮УҲ̺ҹϮԣ·Ǳġûǿʵ޷谭ɱҹУпܻ
ɫ¹ͻȻ˵
ʣǰǰ⡣
Ҫħ֮·ͱҪƷ
Ҫ֪·ҹҲ֪Ҫ˳ͨɱ㣬챮ѹֻ£ϮͲǴԻţֱӴħ֮ɱ
һԪڣǵһҪ̤еˡ
Ҳ˵ħ֮ʲôΪֹûܹ֪
ݾɫ¹֪ҲҪﵽ̨г·ʸ񡣾ܲܳɹһδ֪ȻҪ޷ͨ·ֻҪ׼ʱ˻Ļỹеġ
۱Ҫͨħ֮·
ȴûκξ£ȻˣǾͽħ֮·ǽҹĵһս
սҹʼڴˣ콾˭Ϊ壬˭
췢һϺȡ
ţһսѾƾո֣һս֣ɢ޾ѹϱʯ˸ƺӳչ¶ԡ

𣡣
һ⻮ʱľսǰ̤սϣε֯ΪһƲɵս⡣ǰ̫žŴӷ׷ɢǿǵĸӣѪϣκҪڸǿɱΪ鱦ľսѾȫ۳ÿһ꣬ʵʡʵ֮ɱá
ף
һһϺȡ
нʿȫУڴ˵أֻһˣɴݳһս⣬·ǧԼ𹥻

ŵͬʱ𣬸ţս׶ħ֮гײȥ
ħ֮ƬУʼڲϵתţĿ£һƬ޵Ԩס
̤ȥܿǰ⣬ɫⲻϱ任ֿµͨŤңÿ񱩡ÿʱỵ̈з籩ϯʵĻ˲ͻᱻеĹ顣˺Ƭ
ռжݳһǿѹȡ
··ųһһȥͷ·ǽ뵽ճ֮УǴ粽Уһ龳ΪĻУǾٲά衣ǰС
ֻЩѹھսǰɲ̫սϵǰ񱼣һ籩ǿײ顣ǰ
ɱ
ʮɫͨУȻԿ˸ƺйϵɱһڵħͻȻеͷն
һ޷жֲ̺ſµĵ⣬ֲ־һ֣ʵʣ·ڵп޾Ļ𣬲κζâͻ˲顣ħ޴ޱȣնҪأ޾
дﵽ龳о궼·Ҫһвǰ
ÿµĻ򡣵̺֮ĵ⡣Ǵﵽ̨ĵâ
üͷһһȵ̨Ĵѷɫ
п˿âһ£һͭɫսìѾģͬʱһìŵȥ
컯֡ì
ս鱦ںϺ
ìı壬̺ս⣬ì⣬ȫעȥΨһûжõģֻǺļӳ֡ļӳ֣һŵơ
һìǲ쵲ǰҲҪһì䳹׺ơ
飡
ìǵħֱײһ𣬿µ˷ȥħƺݳħ֮ħìȴǵɳȥе΢΢һ
ϵı鶼øӵء
ǿѾﵽ̨ս·Ȼߡ
龳ʿֻ»ᱻ򱬣һƬ˲⻹Ǹոտʼһħ֮ͨеһӡǡӡ֪ȥãȻֱӱȻ޷㣬ħ֮·᲻øӵײС
˿̣ȴûʱ˼
Կǿħǰ棬ڵսìŴ־˲ɱ
𣡣
µħսìдƺħͷźݳ־
һì֮ǰħҪ¡·һܿԽʱշ𹥻
һ룬Ϳһö޴սƾճ֡
컯֡Ǵ
һҳѡ޹⡣Ǵֱ̺ӳԽ֮ǰì
컯֣һȭʱɵڶȭʱһȭʱͬϵӡ˵һȭһڶȭȭϵӣֻҪܹܵסԲϵӣֻӵս鱦ǲɸıġǵ֮
ɿֲ
һҹȥַǳ־־棬նھҶ
𣡣
ֲ֡
ȻԿһڵĿг֣ħ֮·ϡһͷǧɸߵİ᪴ߡҲǿµľͷߡ
᪴ߣͷߣһ塣
ϵⲻͨľͷߣִŻ־ĻޣڵĸĿģΪ˻ڣһ飬һ
ſͷ­ľˮ׶ʩл֡

ߺ
һ֣֮ͷŭſڼ䣬Ϳڵĺˮħ֮·ϯҪһͳͳû
ˮǻ֮ˮ̺ױȵƻײԴݻһУһУÿһζΪ˻ڡ
ͬʱڵһȫΪ׺
ֻͨеĵӡǣۡ
Ŀãȴ˿ûаõ˼սڴǰϱϮ
һȭ
һöɫ·׹ˮ
컯֡飡
һţ򽭺
ˮѹ


1643 ɱҹ
׳һ׺
һ׳֮и֣ħȫɽȥ׳дݳӿ񱩣ܿ׳ͬʱǻ޺ȥѾǿкɱƬǰɢ
𣡣
ڻʱĵۿٸֻ֣ǵۣʱƬЩƬڴսбʱͿаħƬռѣķӵ
ܿµģǳ壬Ӵ󣬶ңսͬˡ
ĳѣңһѣѾʼ¶Щ壬ҹսõνȻҲڻһڻңûʵﵽ̶ʱľǾԵһ壬ӿ¡
壬壬ǳ塣Ѫ֩룬ӵϡϡѪ߳档пѾһʱ佫ЩѶϢݵԺСЩǳսÿһ֣սʮǿᡣײޱȡ
ЩǴʱƬг֣ĪһԪ֮ǰӡʱƬУ˯񱻾ѣǰҹһ谭ǵ
ĿãһԺѾЩ
ⲻǵ۲µӡǣѪĳ塣
ҲζţѲ
˿̷ӵ·ɽ㣬֮£о㤡
쳾ǧɣġ
һööʯӳţͿԺķ˿ͻȻ俪ʼǣһ·߰㣬ڰ衣ÿһ˸⡣·ʶ㣬˷ϯȥ
ۣ
ֻһһ˿ȻĶЩ壬ڶͬʱ˿йâһӲЩʳƬΪѪ⣬Ϸɢ
Ǻ쳾˿
ɺ쳾
쳾ϣۺԸ֮Ժ쳾¯ȡ֮˿֮Уһͨһ˿һɿٵأնһеС
ЩмûֹͣԺ쳾˿ļӵ׵۳νǵ񣬲֪УѾĴйģ񣬼õĺ쳾˿ÿһҪѷɫңޱȣ̺ͨһƻˡȻûлΪ쳾ȴѾ㹻ǿս
ϸۿȫԿЩ쳾˿У·𷺳һ֮ɢƺ̺̬ܿܿϲŭ֣쳾󣬶Ŀճĵϡ
쳾˿裬ܱ߷Բϰ򣬳׻ΪµĽ
ڷ˿б顣
ţЩѪƾʧѾȫ
һֻɫڴͻȻڰСڴУһɹ紵
͵硣ħ֮·ϴ֮׷뵽˯С类ʩչĳֿµħһǴ磬߲棬ǳ˯֮Ϣĳ˯һ˯׼޷ת
гȵĿ磬紵ϣܿͻȻȫʼðڻУһ¾ͱճɻҽڻзĲҽС
ķ磬ķȣڣȼѪҺһˮ֡
ٽƵĴ磬ϣȻԿһٱߣ·еʧ뵽įϢУڷС磬ɱ㡣
һɹϮ֮壬Ϊ
ļִĿ
磬޴ڡ
磬޿ײ롣
ִģսϣֱʩչ̨
µĻļ֮磬һںһ𣬴Ǵʲôڵͻᱻšﶬļ棬¡
аħ٣ɱ١ҹȥˡ
˲ҷҹǾҴһ
ĿޱĿǰ֮ʬȫȡһա
һ·ǰһ·ʬ
ңŲϵ룬ֿµĻ治ϳ֡
пֲĶָʱпһָ£սӲˡа˱ħϮɱÿһܺ񷡣ҡ¡
пֲħħ֮·¶һǣֲħгûǺѹ̨ᱻ˺Ƭ
е·ͻȻݣǰ·ò½ǰ·
ÿǰһףŸս·̫ƽ
Ψһģֻսսս
ϵսϵɱ
ڲϵĴսУУһѪ
һδδսѫ¡
֪УѾһڵĴǰ
ܿϣƺħ񣬿µħɲɢϢ·𣬿һۣܸоڲѪᡣ
޾Ŀֲŵĺ档
ͨҹؿôţܽҹ
һڤڤеĸӦȻףǰһǰҹؿǺ䲻Ҳζţ޷ټǰУֻڴֹ
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ʵ㣬ֻ˻ȥ
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ĿãֻǾվһǴѾУĳħ˹ȥ
һɲֻǴΪȷһʧǺԥĽһǧעǴУУֱӵһ
飡
ֻһ졣
ħϵӲǴǿб飬ʵʵϡʱͿϣǴΪģһѺۿɼٶȷӡɢ
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飡
µħѾΪƬķѣź˲俴˹
ˣ
ħȻǿᣬǴ֮һǧѹ£ջ޷ֵ벻򿪶ѡ
ǰҹսôУˡ
пſڣһȻ³һ
ţһѾսйâһɡ´򿪣ͷſ
漴ûκγɣһ̤
ˢ
̤ȥֻоħ֮ѹȻ롣Ҳһ룬оƺһεѹȻĴݶ
̤棬תۿȥ
ȻԿҲһھǾħ֮
ܵĵҲͬһƬĽڡ̤ڵϣһεƾճ֣ס֣·ҪڵѪôظɵ
ңһɹܱߡ
£ڵķĪһֳУ޷ٶá·Ǳӡˡʧȥ˷һ˵ʧȥǸ޷á
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ֻǣһ㣬ʿȴ⡣òˣȴ᲻ǿ
ħսҪϣ޷áͨһƬԺпһͷ


1644 ߽
ˣؼķ仯ħսвͬҹķں㣬ͬƬҹսϵķҲڸɱ䣬໥ģֻЩķ޷ıģ磬Ӧҹսһַ仯
ڷ޷õĹӦƬڡ
򣬲ҹս޷÷Ȼǲܵ顣
Ƭҹħ֮ħ֮Ӱ͵ֶΡпܣҹ֮Уħ֮Ĵڣͬһء׼䣬Ϊ֪ܵģʣûʲôطȽӵķ򵥡ԺһС
֮ǰӳеõĵͼӦһΪ߽ڽУ洫ݳǿ޷գ޷ãͬûǿ֮ƬУ粽У޷ƶֻڽе
аԻһºѾµǰʲô
߽ҹսУҲһʮֿµĽ׼䡣û˭Ը⿿
ڽУɲֻ˵ƷоˣдУȻȻļȡڵѪǿ׳ʿĻУʱƣԽԽֱ
ܱܿȻžȴŴʬ飬档ܶ඼ܿǰҪŴƬ뿪ֻǿϧǣջûֻȻ
֪ƬĿ֮
еǿоһŴӵѡ
Ҫ֪Ϊﵽתεʿоѣ֪ʿӵľٲά衣һʿ˵ǿ߲ȥٸߵΪ޼¡
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ʿΪǿģ
ڣǶɲ̫ˡ
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ɽ
̧ۿԶȻܿǰһɽɽ⣬˿˿֣ɽеľ֣ԵʮءڽУȻҲЩ졣
Ҳɺ棬һתɽȥ
һɽ¡
ɽߣֻɽȫʬѻɣ׹ǣ飬ܲɷָ֡͸¶ɼ˲
׹ǳɽҪѻһɽ飬Ҫ֮ࡣ
аԳ
ҲûбŵĽ£һ·̤ѾʬɽѪΪһ׹ɽе𾪡ֻǸ̾һ£¾ͼǰ̤ȥŶʵǡ
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ÿһɣϵѹ֮·εѹҪʵߣȫѹȥɽ壬ʵʮּѡ
Уͬܵ޴ѹбѹһɹԴԴϵӿֻ֣¶Ե϶塣Ҳ˲°ʱ̤ɽ
һȪ
̤ɽѾɽûбģֻһȪȪ˵̫ȪˮֻǸǷԲҵСˮء
ˣȪ֮ˮȪ֮ˮڵ¶ҪһĹ屦ֻʥҺҪѷɫڸҩױȵĺôﾹȻһ֮ˮֱϵڱ
СѾбǰһӵ֮ˮǾӶҪ
ֱֵ޿ɹȫûа취
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Ҳһϲ
ǴԵû뵽һҹսУȻôһڱͷϡ
붼룬һ䣬Ѿóһֻֻʵı«ٶһȪˮһɹ֮ˮȡȪеȪˮҲۿɼٶʧ½
ֱֻʣ±һС㷽ͣ¡
²ɾ²Ȫۣܼ֮ˮԼոһܵõ֮ˮѾˡİ׹ɽƺֹһ
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֪УٴκķһʱɽĽ¡
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ȴ
״
һԽˣ˵͸صĹ屦
вûбɽ嵽ûȴǼǰٴγɽʼʵǡ
һ̤ȥȴоӹĸܣ±̹ǣһɹܴ̹֮Ƕ롣Ѫꡣ˵̤ȥһ㡣
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ʲô
ȥͬһȪֻۣһΣðĲǾӨ֮ˮһڵķ·ī֭һȪˮСҲֻзԲҡȪˮڵķ·޵Ԩ
ˣȪۣȪˮȪˮһξͿ÷Բǧڣݲ㣬һУа˵κһΣòʴǴ֮ܶϴ裬̥ǣһξͨʣɱż𡣡
СԿ˵
ʥˮԻǾ綾鷳ɶ˵ȷʵϹ屦һ֪ȥȫ֮ͣ׷ġŹκλᡣ
лá
һӣȫصıء
ö
а̾һٲɣٽЩʥˮȫװͬҲֻ±һ㡣û
ȡҪĹ屦κɽȥŽȥ
֪ʱѾ⡣
ҹսôȻ˵ĶӣȻаħ֮ء
̤вʼܱߵһҲɰԾ档
ܿսҲһƬڵأֻغͽͬûԪҲûѪĹΨһܸܵģǵ´ݳħɷԴԴϣŨЩħȫۿĻУʿʱһãҲܵħϮɷӰ죬գǴ䣬ǱħԱòѪ
ʣĻʿ˵ܶӡ


1645 Ѫ
תͷһĽ
׼䣬ȻԿһ޴챮Ȼ
ħ
챮ϣȻֳĸ׭֣ѹգء£ޱߣѹһСǹ־޷ƺ챮ڲ
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ҹĽ֮һ
˵룬ȥܵ
ƬǿߵֱʡаԵͷƬǵֵҹǰߣͬҲΪҹĵһ
һۺֱӳŽȥ
ûдѻͷųҹһѻǳ֣ȻᾪսǿߣʱԵЩ̫ˡǰȻҪ˽һҹս˵
̧ۿԶ£ߣﵽ˼ĵز
ͷѪɫħ¸߸ңʮѪ¡ѪУһɹħԴԴϵ׹£뵽ҹսУѪºܽȴޱȵңԶ٣Ѫµı壬ҹսУģֻѪ±ͶӰѡܸоʮѪ£·ʮֻħۣգעս
Ѫ²򵥣мҹս
аȻеɡ΢΢սɡڣѪĳֶּڣҲ붴ټһ㷢֣Ҳҹսľʾǿҡ
ɲɫ׼ȥһҹսп˵
֮ǰսǷڡ
еٶȣ̤ǰУͬسɴһȻѾսǰֻڿʱѾȻΣͬһ䣬̤ڿռ϶֮Сްȴ˿Կ̽
ʮֹ죬˾̾
Ѫǣһħǡ
̧ۿϣһ˿ɫһֹҹ׫дɡ·һѪɫ棬ֱ̺ŵۣ֮ǰħйףȡҹֵ伮ЩҪѣ׾ܽա
ԣҹսҲԲä
ϳħǵ֣һ㶼֡
䣡
һ̣Ŵ򿪡
ߣϿϡ
ˣǶҹսʿȥΪҹսȥսɱС
ٺ٣һħɲѪħԿħսΪҹս
ֻһǳУȻԿһħ糱ˮ㲻ϵĴӳӿųƶȥǹУ滹һѪɫ۵ħάһǳУȫԿĳЩɲֻ֪ɱ¾ҹħڻңҹʿǿߡ
ÿһɢϢܿĳ൱ڷླΪ
ңϴݳѪϢܸܵĺĽɫ
Щ߳ģһѪ⣬Ѫɫ¶ǿҵѪâɫ԰ףҪȡѪҺߵ˸ź⣬пյģһҧУ׾ܽԷڵѪҺټȡ֪Ѫࡣ
ֻеѪɱȴһ۾ܿЩͶ뵽ħսϵҹħͬģû־ȫѪɱڻҡɱ¾ߡ
ЩҹУ֮ΪѪħ壬ѪЩûбѪħϿɣһѪħūҲ֮ΪѪūֻսϻǰֻججɱ¾ʹ״̬ܱѪħϿɣԼеһԱУɱ¾оѵģνһһǧһսϣѻš
츳оѡ
ѪħʿѪū
ЩѪūħԴԴϵĴӳӿĪĿ־Уһۿȥƺ塣
ħսϵҹħǴôҪǵôġ
йâ˸¶һ˿һѾʼѪȥ
ɡΣڿռзߣȻĴѪūдȥ̤ڡ˳Ѫūķһ·߹ȥУûκѪħܹټ
һ˿о
ȫͬһ
ĽȻö˵ȻչֳһֶصĹ·ĪĹϢж͸¶һ˿ţʣţҲı䲻Ѫıʡ
ħǺܴԵñȽϿտ
֪У˳ѪūǰȥȻħǵ롣
ʲô
п㳡Ҳ΢΢һ¶һ˿Ȼ
ڹ㳡Уһ޴ѪѪУѪˮܿѪˮʱγɵĭЩĭУȻԿһѪɫ̥̥һֻֻСѪħūЩĭ漴ūۿɼٶ׳գۼ䣬ͱū
һѪħūԴԴϵĴѪ
ѪУ룬ȻһһѪɵѪħѪħ̧죬ԴԴɫħȻĳΪѪص
֮֮Ѫ£ʮѪ£ÿһöѪ¶һ֮
̧ۿգеʮѪ£ԴԴϵͷų»»֮֮ѪħɣΪѪصѪ޾Ѫħū⼸ڣֻҪѪزݻ٣ѪħūǿԴԴϵ
ȫһµı
ܹʱṩԴ
ʮѪ£ֱǿԴȪ
Ѫ¾ȻԽ֮תݱ컯ֶ֮ΣֱǿֲԺпһͷ
ڿѪأټѪº
оѾֳһֲ²⡣뵽ħսмԴԴϵҹħֲ²⣬Ѿ˵ʵҲɸֳһ
ֲ²⣬ʵ̫ˡ
ҹȻת֮޾ħֶΣֶΣսԣֱױȵãҪˣԴԴϵĶսֻתطôġ
аԳ
ѪĿת
Ѿת£Ҫ̽ѪصİأѪϣܿصħתٱãܣкħҲԴԴѪأΪѪеԴϡ˸۵Ҳûа취ڶʱȫ̽
ֻܿһ֡
ѪħʱȴڵУȻ̺һöѪöѪʮǿɢǾˣƺһֽԡ
һԽ˵̨εĿֲѪħµľѪ
Ѫ֮ʱȻȻľһ˿Ѫ֮뵽ѪУħתѪħūңξѪƺħĶ٣ֻٻָĳ̶ֳ϶ԣѾǲֻҪԸ⣬ȫԽξѪ˲۳


1646 ħ
˭ҪѪƻҲô׵顣˵ĵξѪͻ˲临ա޴в˭֪պӵжôǿսһ㣬Ȼֵ˼
˵һħս̫˳֮ǰ׼ҪһʼʹݻһսǣԸһѪȴûдĿġ
ɲǣ˵ѲħսУвٵ콾ǿսһеɾ޴鷳˵ѾŹδɱûа취ɱ鷳󣬶ңϢЩʥѾ׼ǰսҪ׵Ļɱ
绹ѲҹʷУǴݻ˲֪ٸ磬ЩɣҹĻУƫƫ磬һԪȻǷҹȵֻԪ˫ķʽһԪУ´ս
ѪرߣܿѪħǿأߣȻܿѾ龳εǿߡʵȻһḻ
ֻǿѪЩ̫ȻĽ̸
У˵һЩΪص顣
һԪ飬Ҳ˽⣬ȻҹУЩϢǽɣﵽһΣȻ֪
˼ҪٴζԱ֣ϧζ벻Ѿҹսߡ
ζЦЦĿ⿴ЩѪħǿߣ˼
취ץһѪħʿĻԽ˽ѶϢѪصԤУѪأԲֻһж٣˭
ҪǸһС
ǲ֪ȫҲ֪
ˣҲŲһĨڣʲô֪Ҫǿ
е̫ɭϡϾԴԴѪħūû˭᲻۵Ķħ֣οսʱ˭Ϊ˽ƻսʱĺг
Ҫӳץ˵Ȼټ򵥲顣
һתȥʱͳץѪħʿһû뿪ħǣڳһ̤˽ȥûˣ˾ס½ƺ
漴ѡ
˭
ѪоȻҶѪħʿĵӿ㵽ʲôˡ
ѵ֪翪սʱԲ˽·սͻƣӽĺܲҡ궼Ҫھģʮꡣ
ѪħʿһϺȡֻͣϧѾ½磬ֻҪвǾûκԴݳȥԣô󺰴УûκӰ졣
ð׷ڵѾҽ޷ãڱֻҪǼ⡣
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Ҫʲô
һѪħʵ
ϵѪʲôеѪأʲô
кѯʵ
Ѫ£ѪأΨһһŮѪħһĨȻ֮ɫУ㲻ҹеǿߣ磬㵽˭
һ߶ȣǾû˻ɵӣܶණֻҪһᣬصʲôҹУȻܻ᲻֪ѪʲôҪ֪ģ붼룬϶磬ҹģֻ硣ֻǣֿܣѪħɫ䡣

ȫ޷ôµı仯
羹Ȼǿ߿Խޣ뵽ҹսУңûб֪̺壬붼ÿ£ǴһµĴ㰡иҪ֪ǰĵʲôˡ
е˼Ȼǰ׳գ˭֪֪Ҳûκ壬ǵĽѾעֻʹ񡣡
ƽ˵˵ɣҪ֪˵ĻԸһʹ졣ҪŻԻȥӦúⲻܣǹԹԽҪ֪˵
ǲġҪ֪㲻
һѪħŭͻȻľҪɱ

п³һΪҲһ־ܳѹκѹ
ȻϣǾֻϡ
ҡҡͷ³һӱۣ˵һС
䣬һεƾճϣֱУʩӳһּ赲ĲҪӣ޷ֹԼΪٶ
ѪҹبʼճĹϴڣ˵ЩѪ¾в˼Թͨ磬ȡ޾֮Щ֮Ѫµת£ԻΪޱħӵܵ档
ѪΪħѪ£ÿһöвͬŲ֮ͬ˵ÿһöѪУһλħ񡣱磬̺־֮Ѫ½֮£ĴħΪ־ħ񡣻ϲ֮µĴħ񣬾ǻϲħ񡣡
ֻŮѪħȿ˵
ȻڽԵǰûа취ֵס
ѹ˵ԼǲҪ˵ܡ
ЩѪĴħʵﵽʲôΡ
һʵ
û֪˵һԪг֣ÿһлһΰ˵Ѿ˯˭
һѪħ˵
дžη
ȻЩħĿУޱȿµĴڣһ˿ƵͷСĴֲѡ׾پܴ޾Ļƻ
ʮöѪ£ζţʮħҪǼȡޱ֮Ǳȷʵˡȫ޷ǵδжô¡
ҲԵͷ
Щ֮ˣаеٮٮߣ츳ǲɹ
˵һԪУһ֮ͨĽǿɱ룬ʮħɱвٴħնɱԪˣȻţȴشֻѪг˯ǲģҲ
ѪħҲſ˵
ѹ˶ħĽǿߣ˭
Ҳһ档
һԪ飬ǺȤġ
ȻЩԶȴҪ֪
ѪҹԴȪΪҹԴԴṩսǱֻѪ»УҹΰħħأԽ뻽ħУȫµǿħֻҪǾܻȡ޾ħҹ磬Զܡ
ŮѪħٴ˵
Ȼжҹʮֿȣһ޾Ժ뽾ҹôǿ󣬾ôգ޾սǱҹ㹻ĵ緢Ϯûκֹ
ҹһֱ顣
ħأħƵģʲô֮ܲƶܲƻ
йϵ׷ʵ


1647 
ЩҪ֪顣
Ѫûа취˯Ŵħһ˵ͻᱻɱһ㣬ǲҪȥԣ˭֪᲻ҪˣǾδЩֵ̫áϾ̫ɱ
ħؽҪħֻش󣬻ҪħʯټһζǿߵľѪΪѪͺñѪеĻħأ̺ľһѪħ嶥ǿߵľѪѪħūʱЩūڶѪħһѪֻҪɱ¾оѣͿԻعУΪˡ
־ٶʣͬһƳɱ¾Ķǿߡǿߣͨūˣ˵ȫϵģ쳤ؾ£һ־޴ν൱󡣷ͬһǿҹĵȫ޷ġ
ѹ֣ѹҹӵԴԴϵսǱӵϵռ硣ַʽѾ󲿷ֵĺ֮ǡǲ˼˾̾ҹħͬСɡ
Ҳ֤ʵеĲ²⡣
ѪڣϻħأҹսǱֱǱūϮΪȷĵĸͲҹʵٶ࣬Ҳκεʹ
ĳ̶ֳϽҹսϾһ⣬һ
һ㶼ԩ
ħʯʲô
һٴοѯʵ
Ķˣֻħʯ۶ûп̽ڣǻħĵı
ħʯԸħôģû֪٣ǲֻ֪ħʯнñʵлħʯڣſԼȡ֮еԸ۳Ӧ塣ĻħʯѪеĵ񡣡
ŮѪħ˵
Ȼɵ񣿡
Ҳ΢΢һ¡
ѪħȻ󣬿Ҳ˸ߣҪһЩ׸ߡ⾹Ȼһħʯûп뵽пҹжħֶΣǾûֵ̫ˡ
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ٴ׷ʵ
ֻ֪ħʯֻҪħغ󣬾ܹȡȻ뻽ħΪһ壬֮ûΪħʯֹ⡣
ѪħҲ˵
ڽԵǰǸûκηʲô˵ʲô֪٣˵٣ٻ˵
ȫϵĳʵСɾ
ħʯħأҪ뽨Բô򵥵ġҹĸݻˣȻԶҹ޷ֲشҹеʹ
аԳ
˼󣬷⼸ѪħĲ֪һƾճ֣ڣԵǿֱӴ˻ͼ£Ӳ飬Ϊһϣͬʱ̺ӡǣҲȻּ֪ʶȻĻΪһ֮顣
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ܿ죬Щͱ¼ϣȽΪؾеһ֡滹ӵѪħ
磬ľеմĹѪħʥͨġѪ龭߲εġѪֻŹģֻѪħж콾ǿ߲ʸͨޡѪ龭ޡѪħʥη
ҲִֻйľͲ֪
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ղδԴͨԷḻղء
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սɴ˿̿ʼ
̤ڹ㳡УеĴɡȻȻշڷͬʱۿɼٶȷıţգۼ䣬ͱգȻһ㣬ֻпԿ˸ɡĴڣֻǸоƺһεϳС
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˭
壬壬ŵѪζ
ôǵսǲѪħսǣԣ㲻ҹе壬Ϣ
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Ǻڰеĵһ
ͬûڵԭ

¹âһսƾճ£̫ӷǿѹ糱ˮ˷ϯȥܱߵѪħū׷ײˡ
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ѪУڣܿһѪأѪеѪҺ̺žһϴѪ۵꣬ȻУȻļȡѪеľѪϵϢҲ֮ɱ䡣ǿ
ѪǳѪħеǿߡħ
һΪʵȻﵽ龳硣һֱУһ㲻ʲô⣬󲿷ʱ䶼У˿̣ȴĸоͻȻһɲѪħϢдݳѹ龳ѷɫɲ⡣
һǿͻȻðȻ
붼룬еһǳ⣬θǻΪһѪ⣬˲ڹ㳡Сһ۾Ϳ̤ھսϵС
࣬ǿߣԣҼ㣬һ˳֮׵۳׵СôħУ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ݲΣ֪ȻҪȳ˶Ķ࣬ܶϢԴħս֪ȻİͨͬеĻֶصʣǵһ۾Ժлݡ
Ǵ׵۳֮
ӦħսǰߵҹūɱôôͻȻ
Ȼôģ֪ͬǾͿ϶ǹйġ˫֮䣬СǴƽҲҪ֪ô࣬ˣûѡ
ﲻҹսѣҹԹ㣬Ϊβɱҹһ㣬һԪұѾһԪɱ㣬ѵֻܱռֻܱܹգ۾͸ǣҴײԶҹѪǿʼ
գѪǣǣ
б³һɢ޾ĳ
Ҫҹĵһˡ
˲˲ɱɱ
ɱ
ħŭ


1648 
ûκԥħ´оҹɱ֮ϣǰéûκתأ˫棬Ψһ֣Ǿɱ

ķ
гǾûɲս
ѪħһóľѪͨ
ž
ܿһѪħɱּ䣬Ѫ˸ΪһѪɫޣڵϣѪħһ츳ͨΪѪħޣһϣöָо޾ʹ࣬ڵѪᱻǿмȡӶӶѪʩչǣ֣Ī⡣
˿̳ȫͬһѪɫϯ
ЩѪϣǸֳѪ档˲
ռţ
̤ھսϣȴ˿ûκη壬ĿǵغĹֻ³УһŤһε֡ǿԿһɫĿռƾճ֡Ѿﵽ鱦εĿռţ;ѹյǿ
εѹƺҪƬռֱӽ
ʲô
ռŵĳ֣ôѪħе𾪣ƺио޾Σأʱпܱ
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޵У
ռУһź˺ѿռݡս⣬ɢܱѪħɫ䣬Щɱ¾ʧǵѪħūһоܵΣա
۾ΪѻųսѪħУսѪħһаž޴Ŀ֮Ȼǳսþ֮һ
ĩսɱѪħѪǡ
¹Ӣһ̣ҲԥĿսдһ˿ȡǳҹսĵһսһսƯĿ꣬Ѫǣעǧš¼ʷ֮ϡ龴֤ŮһԲѷɫһսϽҵܲڴ
һ죬Ѿ̫ˡ
ãӱѻųսսУǡ
ռеս֮׵ͷѪħѻȻŵƣſơսȻٺò
ʱһѾǰռС
źŽʿĿãһʮĽı鿴¹ӢռţȻԿΡ˭ҪսҹĵһսֻԵ㽫⣬˭ҳԲ֡
У¹Ӣӹȥ󣬳˵ѻ󣬳
ۣ
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ѻŽʿѻ¹Ӣ£ſռŷ˳ȥ
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ΪѾﵽԪ۷壬ôܣôܾǿʵǴ׵۳ĵô
ѪħĿã¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Ӧٶͬܿ죬붼룬Ѫɫ޳еѻźȥͬʱдѪħūѪһȻһ˲䣬ͻΪѪɫЩѪɫʮзɺ۾зצѪɫСԻǧ
ֻҪȫɱǲһֻٴµǣЩѪ̺һֿµǾѪֱܹӱըµƻһմȾͻ޷ˡʮײСǽɱֶΣԽǿѪħѪԽӵǿ˵ء
ԣһ̣Ѫգǵأ·һƬѪɫĺ
¿ɲ
һۿȥͷƤ飬־塣
еѪħֹǰȻÿʱÿ̶Ѫħ͵磬ɳеѪħūɱǧ֮ࡣͬһ޷ӵľ޴
ѻнʿȫŮ
ӿܼ𶼻ɫ䣬ӲҪ˵ŮӣЩŮȴʼձ䣬Դһ㶼ûивɽ
׾УΪʹûоǰǺˮϯҲȵһ̡
ѻ󣡣
¹ӢܼѪɫ˿ûη塣з¶һǿҵս⣬һսѾڴѾáԥſ³һ
¼䣬һɫͼշ𡣳ѻϿգͼУȻԿһĴֻܿԵʮðʱ
սսս
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õǲϵ黯ʵԽԽ
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ֻϣУվһֻֻɫĻѻЩѻڻϷڻ裬ԽԽǿ󡣻ѻŰʿĻۿɼٶȱǡ
䡣һյѾѪϿաƺڵһС
պգ꣡
¹ӢˣһϺȡ
޾Ϊһöö޴Ļ򣬷·һС̫һһ˲ѣΪȭͷĻ棬£һµĻꡣ
顣
գۼѪϡ
֨֨֨
𷢳ֽҪ̫̫ܼ࣬ȫͱ긲ǣʱһֻֻѪ𵱳ȼпȼգĲҽУΪҽ
ջΪһƬ𺣡
飡
Ѫֱų޾Ѫ⣬Ȼը޴ƻһ顣Ѫ
Ѫħ˵о޴Ŀ֮ʵѹƵ¡ĻѪУһȼ

ħĿãɫ䣬¶ŭ֮ɫ
Ѫнƽ磬ֱĹȴֱӳڳڣƶ޷ֻܱܣĻ̫Ӵ˲ϢͽѪǻΪһƬ𺣣滹ǿµ
Ѫħͱ
𣬸û̫ĵֿ
ħסоڵѪҺƺҪȼҪӣȴӲ
죡
ʵ̫ˡ
ѻսķʽɵƻ̫ǿ
ԴԴϵ£óеĻ棬ʼڳϵȼա
ǣһУһֻ϶¡
׵ۣһΪǱģҹսǵķĹ
ħޱ֣дķŭ


1649 ĥ
ħܾսûУ𣬱鲼ħǣͻϮڣûħǽƷ£·֮һѻչֱǲҲ̶áǰ޷ֵǿռѹգӲȥؼǣҹսУûɱҹ
־ֻһԪֹǰǴûС
ȴ˵ڶΡ
⣬ʣ⡣
Ѫħһ򣬼ѪԻѪǰȴˡԻǱ׵գΪС
ϰѻ۶µ𣬰Ե龳ĳħһ޷ֵֻܱıѪ򣬿Сһ֮ʱ
µɱЩһ΢Ϣѡģиҹаħȥ㡣ǵ꣬ͬڱۡе꣬ͳͳΪ۵ϡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
һ䣬ѾȻʼתֻУƺƾһڰɫУȻת˫УݳǿεΰһɲǼ䣬ѾѪǡ

һĺУһħ֣·һööڰɫԲ˫з˽ȥԴԴϵĳ˫ڵռл۹ȥ
ʮϰѪħħԴԴϵıɽȥ
һռ䣬ͱͼУڰתãޱȡ
ĵͨͬŨ֡ƿҫŶص⣬ƺܿڱá
ɢŨĵϷ
ˢ
һ˸Ȼ䣬ԿЩͼ꾫һ̣ϷĴ߻£˲Ϳʼݱ
ɱʮ־ˡ
ȴַ·ȻȻıá
˸ת
ǣҪݱµıͨ
пҲ¶һ˿֮ɫû뵽ϻʱɱ䡣ϸ룬Ҳ̹ȻϾЩԼ۵ĴǴûֹͣȡ֮깩󲿷뵽ͼУټϴĵͨġ̵ӣ൱ˡ
ټϣħսϣɱҹħ󲿷˰׹ڤѻһ壬һ֣ڴϣ£ȻȻѾﵽɱıԵ
һ̣ѪдѪħħꡣֱ꾫ٴδﵽݱµͨޡֱӿʼɱ䡣
֪һֻݱʲôͨ
еԣ˿Ҳɵĸֳһڴ֮ɫ
һϣͫͨԽӵ⣬һ£ȫӵ޾Ǳսķ
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һ̣ѪǶڹע󲿷עڣۿͨݱ䡣
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ĥһС
ǣͨḥ̂
ĿãԺѾ֪ܵĥ̵ɱͨһʩչĥתУܱͳͳĥУһ촷ۣ׷顣νײе£Ե¡һͨ졣
¡¡
ͬʱȻԿ
ռŴ䡣
ȻԿռСһõķռУء·֧ռ䡣һȻУٲȻܿѾ۳ʵʣֻʣĳɻá
ڷͼͼתһɹԴԴϵĴСڣȻԿһ߰㴩󣬷ļʱĻΪϷıƿź⣬ҫķ˿̣ո۳ĥҲųУԡŷϣ
ңĥ뷨ʱȻԿһڰɫϣԴԴϵĴȥ϶õĲֿʼ黯ʵգۼ䣬ٶȣﵽ˾̾ĵز
Ȼ䣬ֱɱ߳ɡ
߳ɣ
иоһ񣬸ţȻ뵽УϣȻȻĸļ䡣ָо·ĺС
ָ޷ݡ
ͬеͨɱ䡣ÿһ·ʵһ㡣ܴ
ͨʵǷĻá֡
ľǷ
ԽǿȻͨԽ
߳ɣ龳κһͨȶ龳ǿߣǸǿԽ׶սδزܡ
аԴϲû뵽һ̣˴ľϲ
Ѿ컯
˾̾ѡ
ռ䶼ŷɱ䣬ʮֹ
ԴԴϵȡѪħħ꣬飬ǿϱԴ׳̡
ͬҲ̺졣
磬ǬĿֱӶ硣Ͽ¿ġһ˼£Ȼ۾ǿ
ʱܿħѾճɻҽħҲ޷ѣȡУĥһкۼ
۾ѪħѾȫ𡣡
¹Ӣ˵
ܺãȻشӪ
׵ͷ˵
ӪȻǺڵ硣սҹУǾǴӪڡ
û˭ҵõҲȫġ
ѻٴ̤ռУ·أһΣûκʧӲһħǡȻΣҲǲɸƵġģȻȡþս
ɣ̣
ѻŷغ󣬿ѾױüžѪǣйâһѾСȻԿһɫţǵصĳɢ˲Ϣ䣬ѾѪǳ׸ڡ
¡¡
ţе˲ź۹ȥ
ɢ֮䣬ֻһѾɡ
Ȼ󡭡Ѫǣôƾճҹսʧ
ԭأֻʣһ޴ӡ
ȫ
ѪǣѾı̽ȥңֱӳһУΪһ塣
Щּ䣬ڵյɡ˻
ֻǿʼԲǽ
л³һǰȥ
ûаԥٳŸսǼȥ
˶ãҪϢûг״ݳȥǰܶĴݻټħǡ


1650 Ȼ
뿪ѪڵλãƬ̼䣬ͿһѪħʿأƺѪħū׼ʼһѪħūȥħսΪߣһѪħеǿߣΪ
˿̿Ѫʱֻ۾ȴ¶֮ɫһ±ơ
ô£ѪءǵѪء
ɫ԰ף̲סϺȡ
ѵߴ·ˡѪħʿ㶵˵ҲڻɣԼǲߴ˷
ܣѪǵλãǱ۾ҲߴҪⶼߴԸԴšߡһѪħԥ˵ɫʮƶ
·߹ǧٻأôܻߴ
һߴܲ˶ߴǲܵ顣
ˡ
ˡ
¶֮ɫҹսôǴûгֹ飬ҪǼѵĴ¡ʲô˴һսƾʧֻһ޴ӡңūʱ뷵أɸûкķѶ೤ʱ䡣
˶̵ʱڣһսҪ򣬶ֻǸոտʼȻܣȴƫƫ˶̵ʱڣʧˣˣ֮ǰѪУȻһѶŶݲǶôµ顣ҪжֲһС
Ȼ׷ʲôѪʧǳʵ
Ѷţ߾Ѷš֪ͨгϣ֪ͨ塣
е֣뽫ҳ˭һҪѪծѪ
ħ̣׷ٻħأλǵλáȻĴ£;ԲǼȥǧУһҪǧа
ħԥľóһֻɫ̣ħ̣ҹսϣԽ̣ٶλսڵλãΪսеĻħأ˵ǻħеĻħʯħʯӲޱȣԱݻ٣ʮǿеҵľǶԷѪǴߡ
ֻҪ֪ħصİأһѲħ̵׷
ʱȻ֪
ףô
Ȼ򣬳ϣĴ߶ħʱȴ֣ϵָתȴʼûа취ͣ޷Ѫǽ׷٣·ѪѾײ
ħʯˡ
Ψһȷľǣħʯ֮ǰȻ̾ͲתָǶᶯһ¡
ôܣѪʧˡħʯ޷λ
ħɫ㶣һƬࡣ˭޶ԣо޾Ŀ־塣
־棬̫¡
飡
һУȻԿһ貵ѶųУΪһֻ޴Ѫɫ𡣳˷ݳȥ𷢳ҹս
УȻȻ̺ž档
ѪħѶš
д˿̣ȻѾ̤һ֮ϣͬһƬӡĿġ
ķ棬Ѿǵ
뿪ѪǺȻ˶ãȻҪҹսлû֮ǰܶĴݻٸҹսǡ
·ʱֱӴգٵִսǡһսǳǣһ粼սǡսǳеǲռݣҲлħأȻǴĸֲū粼־͸Ӳ˵ɱΪ粼ֺСʵ򣬸粼ֵս̫ټԭ򣬱סһʮ鷳顣
ϧսȺлȥٴս֮ڴ򿪿ռţɱܿͽսڵħȫɱ
ȫһɱԾԵƣǿнеķȻԺһգڵߣɡռѹգιһ˿ϢݡѾױ
ڣվսǳԭڵλϡ
ݻħأħǣҹеһʹҲãڸ׼һ£ڽŪһս
һһĨɫ漴סɡٴȥΣ뿪Ƭ֮ء
Ѫħ崫ݳѶţٴ͵ϮѾǲܵ飬ң͵ϮֻǸտʼãȵ֮͵ϮķйԵЩ̫뵱Ȼˡǲ˵Ѿõ塣
սǣȻô򵥵顣
սҪҹսȼ
ζɨһеʮѪ£³һ

ѪħһѶŴݳȥҹս׻ȻһƿնÿһɢϢ龳ѷɫУ̨Ĵܼǿߡ
Ѫħ巢Ѷս߾ʾսֵѶš
Ȼһ֣;ķ
ǿ߻ۡ
ѪڵλãħҲʧˣݸӦϢȫʧˡ⣬ѾˣȻڶ̶ʱڻɱһ龳ǿߣңѪħȴһ㶯ûзԲһġ
ãոҴսǳڵķսǳҲʧˣսǳʧֻʣһӣѪһģһͬûκζ
粼սҲһͬߣսʿһ׶༪١ֻβֹۡ
飬һҪ²ˮʯ
裬ֱǳ裬ֻҹ⣬ʲôʱֵҹϮ˭ڵߣҲҪҳȻҹսǾͿ϶Ϊսǣ֣һд
罻սм磬ҪҳݣȫԴս֡
ȥаħǿ֣߳аۣҹս˭ֻҪ¶棬ӡ
һҹǿߣĿѪǣսǳǣ粼սǽʧܶѣ²Լսǣɸоһ־޴衣оһʹ
ĳ裬ֻһԪֹ
û뵽Ҫһεľָд֪޲ڵ߽ҳƤ
ˢˢˢ
Щҹǿȥȥ׷׻Ϊ⣬ٶߡ
ϢҲȻȻĿʼɢɢٶȸǿ쵽޷
ҹսУǾȻ󲨡
һħǷ׷׿ʼ䣬ֽ䱸һ¾ߡҹеƲ⣬֮һ㶯ûз֣ĿܾǵȻϢǱ뵽ħ֮Уڲ𹥻пܽսǴʧսһƷ鱦һʱ䶼δ׹ơ
ЩħǣɲͨϣõĶҹ֮жصĲϣҹѪһʮصĲϣںҹųһѪɫ⣬Ѫɫ解ʮ죬;м᲻ɴݵԣںԪ۸ֵۣõĽƽ磬սֹ޿ɴﵽʮ֮ߡ
Ĳʣ֪ҹսǵļǿѾһʿ
Ҫƣ졣


1651 ¶
ⲿҪ빥ռԲô׵£ǵ̨Ҳ׹ơ鱦ıƿһּĴսԺ̽鵽Ǿڲסġ
ԣӳڷͻϮĿܡ
ϢǴ߿˵
ȻŶȼߡ
ǿҲʮ
󣬸սǷ׷׿ʼϣֽƽ磬Ҳһְ뿪״̬ʱпܱǰ˵ƽʱʮֹУڳǰһħΪҹħ澵ûãΨһþҹ֮顣
ҹбʿжصҹħǰȻʲôӦҪǲҹ飬һͻɢâͬڰеĵһԡ
ȻֶҲδܶž֡
ֻǵһֶζѣڳУŴǿߡһ֣˲Ϳ׽֮ǰ֮ԿԳɹսǣռݳ䲻ȻҲҹսûܵԭڡҪҹ˽䱸Ǿû˭״սǵڲһսǡ
ҹ壬ǿġ

磬ħս
еһööǳУٲȻһҹ콾Уɢޱÿһ·Ǹ߸ϵoϸ
˿̣һϢȴЩǳɢĹâð
Ȼҹս˭Ȼôĵӣôȥġ
սǣȻսƾʧ־󣬿ɲʲô˶쵽ġȥģһǸ֣ңǶǿߡ
裬ǳ谡ǰɱȻ˼ɱϼȥˣֱڴǰδеĳ衣
̲ˣҪȥץסƤơ
ңɱҹսģ϶ͨˣһǶ⼶콾ң˭Ȼĵӡ
ħսϵҹ콾׷ױŭǿǰ߰ȴɱϼң鴫ȥһ޹⣬Уġĥ
Ҳ֪ܴܾǿߡȻħսҵһЩ˿
ʥǿʯʣǰϹսǰҹսӦò
޽Ҳ쿴֣ǱˣҲܳҹս
һҹ콾
ħսǿų
УԿĳǶսϵΣżƿĲ˵鱨ϣ֪ĺ콾ǿߣż˽⡣
ԣ׵۲ڡѾкüûп¶档ÿϵĹУûп׵۳֣ҲûмŰսɱū񡭡ħսʧˡ
һ
оȻҹսֱд
ãããһУͻȥħսϻûа취вȻҽҹսǾͽҹ·㲻ߣҹ㴳
ɱһֵɱʿȥԲҹ񣬺޼ɡһһҪ֪ҹԲ˵
ų£һʱͽĿϡ
ʱ䣬ҲоЩԾʼû뵽Ϊʲôһ룬֪Ϊûпе¶档û뵽Ȼֱҹս
ɣһ㣬״ҹ콾еһҡ
ȥҹսΧС
вǵУǾԶһ̣Զʹ첻ˡ
Ｄսϼȴ͵Ϯˣ裬˭ܲˡ
д콾Ҫҹս˶ϣƴҹսУǿɲ¡
ˢˢˢ
УܿһööǳӶĿʼֱʧ١
ȵңȺ쵰ȻҪˣǱʣˡ
еǳʮ֮ǳȻȴɴڣħսϿٲ콾ǲȫ뿪Ļսᷢʡ
ҪΪսֱֳ仯ҹ涥ǿߵŭҲ޷ܵġ
û˭ԸⳢԡ
ֿУޡ
һûл᷵ҹսΧС
ô£еǳ˴룬ҹҪʲôĪıʲôıһսУȻԿһϢʯ̧ۿա
еı仯ȻڵһʱѾ
Щǳҹһ㣬ս˭ǣͻȻʧô࣬ô¡˭Ūֻоƺһִڷ
ɾΪʲôȴ޴ӵ֪
֪ͨȥֵǶɱʲôıơʿҲˣ׷׿ڷԸȥ
սϡ
һɽ֮ϡ
ȻԿңɢվһ̧ۿգһ˿ɫо̾еǡڴɫתʮָӡ
ѣ׵Ѿͨħ֮ҹսңѾŪСĶһҹ콾ҪǰԸ׵ۡ˵
ǰΪħ֮ڶ飬û뵽Ȼͨ·ҹսϿʼΪܽƣħսϵĸʿ˵δһ¡ֻϣƽ򣬶ʧ̫ˡ
ңɢ˸̾
ҹ콾һӷȥɣѾ㹻֤ҹежǿȫ֮졣ǲҪȥ
ԽɾԽá
ģ׵۵Ȼк֣ټɡδûһֻҪûϢǾõϢЦ˵
Ȼǲòֹۡ

˿̣ҹս
ȴûгսϣǽ뵽СһƬС
ܿУħǡÿһǧ˿ھס档֪ж޴
Ѫ֮ڡվڻħǰ
ߵģ£ͬҲڡ
һ̽Żħصİ顣
۾⻽ħعȻǷ󷨣Ǻ֮ħʯޱȣиɻȱһɡȻ֮ūǲ˼顣ѪħҪ档
Ǹ̾˵
⻽ħȻ̽ĹؼǵҲֻܿޱȣҪƵĻǲܣǻħʯԭ򣬸ǣ󷨷ģ֣ԶϤСȻƻѡ
ƻҪ޸Ǿͼܡ
ţûа취۸еӡǣΪá
׵ͷѯʵ
Ҫġ
Դ۸ģ⻽ħūǱ⣬ɱ¾ȾѪɱԭڻħеľѪѪ̺ҹɱӡǡӡǣΪܡֻҪѪ̺ӡתǳΪǴ׵档
˵


1652 ʦ
ת
׵ͷѾ˶ۣǿѯʵ
۾ӵתȻҹаħֶΣ⻽ħ̺ľѪͬаħ֮ѪȫԾֶνѪ̺ӡǳ׶ȻǴдΪãȻԳΪǴ׵档
˵
ɫһ˿ƶ
оҹūֶΣʮֵšԿתӡǡĿꡣ
ܺãһ㣬ǱҪġ
׵ͷ˵ΪΪβܽЩħеľѪ滻磬˺͸粼֣սϣ󲿷ʱֻǳ䵱ڻҽɫԳ䵱áǴУɲȱǿߵľѪֻҪ滻ǿħԷǿߵľѪս
ӵлħأǿɲԾͳͷſ
Էſ˼άħؾһӲȴǿ任ġʲôѪͻʲôսˣ粼ֲǿ󣬵ǿľѪȫԽ滻
۾ȻǲֻҪף̽飬ЩħеľѪΪҪﵽ̨ΡΪԽߣħƷ׾ԽߣսԽǿֻһڻҡڸûе̨ǿߵľѪҪδЩ̫ϧ޷á
¿ѵ
ѪȻõİ취֮һǣѪƷףħΪսĸ߶ȡǸ粼ֲã̺ڻħеĸ粼־ѪͬǴﵽ̨εĸ粼µġޣҪġ
޷ЩѪħӦһ˵ģԺȻԵõ
еͷʾͬ
Ҫ£ȻҪЩֱǿ߾ѪȥǣԼľѪȥսڣ˵ᴫһ˿еѪ˿ѪϡҲһֽܵϵɷָ
ͺǶԼ׻ʵ򣬲ָ׵ۣƵۣۣ棬ΪĹףѪһȴЩйߵľԼѪúԶЩͶĹףԺĹס
޴ޱȵĹȵȡ
Զĥ
ҲгΪĴˡʵһ־ͬΪĳԭȷʵӵϡѪѪѪԴͷ
ĳ̶ֳϣһ
׼ô졣
һ˿ɫѯʵԷҹսֱӶȡħǵľٶȻᾪҹս͵Ϯֻ»ѡҪսҪƾʵռ
ӶѾ֮ϲȻ̫ࡣ
ӦҪħأħҹսֻǣ⻽ħҪħҪ֮ЩҪ磬ҹսϲܵõȡѪ֮һħس棬˵ҹֶοҵλá
Ҳ˵
˭֪ħǲǴֶΣһ޷һ־޴⡣в
ԣħطŵȥһ㣬򲻵ѣǲġ
һ㲻õģԼȡؼһΪãҲ⣬ȫԱΪý飬ֱҹѪ֮Ϊħصϡħ
ƽ˵
ħʱһ㣬Ѿǵĺˣʲô壬ȻҪǵ÷ӵ²С
ЩѪħˣȫڻҶѣսҪǡƬҹսǵ̨ѪУܰɸ֡
м˵
ǣ۾
׷ɫһϵĴӦ
Ҳ֪ЩħҹսϣҲֻڻҶѣ㲻ʲôҪЩš
սûв˵ģѾ׼
ܺá
׵ͷ
ûгɣֽξѪȡȻаڵ磬پ޳Ѫ̺ӡǣȫµӡǣڴףУҹСֻҪҪݡɱ顣
̶̣Ƭ̲Ѿɡ
ЩѪ·ػħС
Ѫ»
ҲûԥЩһ䣬Ȼɢһεٽҹս޴ڵѪ»˹ҿɽȥգۼ䣬ͳǰٳħ˽ȥ
ħͬʱʼų貵Ĺâ
ħУȻԿһѪħˣ粼ֿ˳ÿһɢϢͬǱɱ¾ǣֻѪеıӡڳһûжǷ𹥻Ǿţƺڵȴĳһ
ЩħȻٹǣңϢĶϾǿģѾﵽͼǳ䵱ڻңʵҲѾʮֿɹۡ
Ŀã¶ϲ֮ɫ
ؼЩħսҲҪΪǶеʹȫȻСһǿԻؾ͸ǳ䲻£˵ܹ´󹦡
ζ˵
ԴԴϵħǱߵЦȫڲסֻҪɻۣͷųȥͿɾ޴ƻҹҲƷһ±Ϯζ
ţڲҹΪʱ̣ټħأҪͱҲҪһʱ䣬ȵȴʱ˵˴δսһʱ
׵ͷ˵
ħսȻҪڻ㹻ܽСЧû̫塣
ʱ䣬ǰȥ֮ǰӦһ¸˵

ʱȻš
ҹսȴױһɱϢ֣һҹ콾ħսϷأ󣬶Ƕ˵׷ʩչֶΣʼеټ
ǿ߳ڸ򣬶ս̺ʽ
ͬʱֶԶﲻϵսϳ֣Ҫмȥ
ϧǵĸ˿ûκá
һ죡
죡
죡
ҹսϣûκιеϢټûСԽˣսϵϢԽӵѹ֣ƺһɽ¥ĸо
˿̣ȴһƬǰɡ߻һͷ¹
ȷλڵλá
̧ۿǰ
ܿƬУʮֹ죬Ʈɢһַۺɫ壬Īĸд޷͸Ŀ޷Ƭ򣬶һ֮Уء
걾Ŀ׹ƬУԽᡣֻǣһԪȥ֪ڵʲô
ɫ¹һ˵
ΪʲôлһƬ֡
΢΢üĽͬȻԵïܡ


1653 
ҲǺҼǵõûʲôһֵģҲǰ׹ǱأҲ̶òŶԣôģɫ¹һҲģž˵ҿԿ϶Ҫҵ˿϶һдġ
һϣʮƶ
ô
ζĿһ۾ɫ¹
ͷ¹˵ʵڣĻûŹ٣ʮ仰仰ģǺ˲Ը֮ӣֻ²̻ҪѷɫǸһ
ȫĻǾ
˵֪ƬֵϢǲôŵġ
Ƭͽֽ
еĮ˵
ǰħʱŴĸħ꣬ڱͼͬһЩӡУõ䣬Щ䣬̽հ׵Уڷش׺󣬾ͻؾУΪղص伮Ϊۣйиּܶ඼ǹҹսϵġ
УйҹսһЩ䡣
ĽЩҹʿļУʮļ䣬ʮ̡һƬҲмѶϢ֪ҹ֮Ϊֽ
ֽʮֹ졣
֮ǵΣϢͻᷢ
򵥵һǽ󣬻᲻Ծ뵽֮Уַ飬ֻҪ飬Ա⡣ǶҲǶһֱܡֱܣֻŴ󣬲ҪǾ顣һζΪѲһ鶾ȴḯʴꡣ
ľ綾ӿ¡
ݼ֪ʲôˣֻҪƬֽѵǴ֧ܶŲסһȥһζͻ޿ײڣӽ߳ҲҪ
ûֶΣһȥʧǼǱȻġ
ûж˵һ䣬ȻԿϰֻ粼ֱͷųЩħҲûԥһݹȥЩ粼ηĳ֮С
û뵽һһС
ͿƬ̲䣬Щ粼һ۾ͨ죬ţ࣬ɱ޷ֵһֽкϾͳߵĴԸ粼˹ȥ
˵ڵغ¾;һʲô
ȻɴܣĽɷˡ
ҵԵȻãҲģֱӽߵͬԸ˵ȥ
ջУˣỨѷƣ
ײС
пҲɵһ鴤ֻ棬˭޶԰
ȻͬԲ氮Զˡ
ɫ¹ȴһϲּ˵
󱳲΢΢һɫ¹µĲ΢΢Աƿһʶıһľ롣
ȷҪҵ˾棬Ū˰ɣһ˵涺꣬ͣƬ̣޷ƣϮ
΢΢ü˵
ҪǿĽлȥǾԵúܿˡ
õģҵһ棬ң㲻ú£һѣݣ߿ɲȱŮˣҪжˣȫҪҲ˰æⶾƬУо޴ĺô磬һƬ֣ı֮һ꣬һҡ
ɫ¹ƶ˵
ܿڽУЩ粼һδε֪УԽԽԽԽҰȻ󣬾ܿǱ׳ۿɼٶȱһϢʧƺʲôɵ
ģʧȥϢ
ʬ壬Ϣû£ʧ
ɲһƬ֣ͨΪϣȡѪЩֵʲôͫһٴο˵
Ϊ
ɫ¹ĳҪǲһ㶫ֻв̤ȥҲûгɣڽѹǮΪѡ
Ŷ
ƽ˵
ƺڵȴ˵ȥ
ʮֹ䱾һܹγޱһ޿ײ룬һͻԣƣ־ټᶨҲ֧Ų˶ãǸһӵԹǾܹȡܱ߻ڵľѪԪȻӶһУϽҡ
Ӷ൱£ӶһиǶԷΪĸ򣬶Դ⡣ĵ򣬶ȥΪңңܹժȡǳȥͿ˲ȡ̺ĵΪһͨˣֻҪһö̺ླʿȫΪ򣬾ң̺һУУңǺĹڼһ죬Ƕ屦
Уһ˿Ƴ硣
ң·Ǽһһ죬ͨ˳ΪǿߣԴӵУǲ˼顣
ҪͻȻȻļȡľ
ҪǣܹʱƣҺȻȻļȡؼϣڵĵϷ򣬶˵õǲɱ䡣
ʱΪ߻ѡ
һɲ䡣
ҲԼȡΪΪ߽ޣҲֻҪʱ䣬ȫɱ䵽߲Ρ
Ҫһ㡣
򣬼ļֵҲŴ󽵵͡
ңһңȥһ죬ֱӻȡеĵ졣ؼ侹Ȼֵ֮ߣδػѷɫһҩ
аԵͷ۾ҲΪ֮һ겻ͬϾԪңȴ˲˻ȡֱǲ˼顣
ڼϣû㹻ȫһ䣬ӣҲңⲻһ֣ĽԪҡԪȻû˲һȴǿеԽߣЧԽǿܿǿΪΪǻָ磬䡣
ɫ¹˵
Уνǳջ
Ҫ֪ЩһԪµģԪҲ֪ж٣ļҲ֪ӵж٣ܹȥвժǾ޷һʲƸ
ǽˣһĶǿߡ
ǣΪ׵ĵ̡
ô֮࣬
ƪһۻǲòһˡ
һ˿ɫ˴һƬ֣Ĺж٣˭ܵõǾĲƸ
ջȥҲûĸ¹
ɫ¹æ˵
пһֽۣսڿռ䡣漴ŽȥϹâ˸սѾ߷£гɡ̤
ɾ
̤ȥһ֮ң·֮Ȼͬ硣ȥʮֵ档ǰһССļʶܿͨ徹ȻֳһֺɫԵϲ쳣


1654 ɾ
̤ȥ󣬶ʱͿҺɫȻȻĳ⣬͸ȥ޿ײ룬ûκ赲ûáսۣҲûáסһôûС
ëף©֮壬ҲûãЩȻȻĳȥ͸ȥϢ䣬Ѫ⣬Ԫ͸ȥ
һ治һһΡѾһֽܵĴڡ
΢΢ü߽󣬾ûټǸһϮԸֵַȴֶ֣ΣãһΣѾһֿƽɵĴڣ˳
£߽һУǷտڱǣպëףΪ©֮壬Ƕ׿͸ƫƫЩȫ޷赲
һ˵޶õĳѪ͸ȥ
֪УȻһȣԺƺʼֳĻ档ѾʼжһֵסȻʹࡣ
ϣһζ
΢ǿ־ǿнʱѹȥһ䣬ڵĶѾʼתȻȻĽڵһζ붾Ͽռ䡣
һΣǶҲǶ
Ƕϰ򶾣ɰٴȥĸܵеıԴڿӡõľ綾ۿɼٶӣ
ֻڻڵûаԽǼȡһζԽӵʢԵƺʱᱬճɻҽΪС
쳾ģΪɣ
ȴûоţϲܳ׽ֶΣһ䡣ܿں쳾ϿռУǿں쳾¯ʼת֮һ쳾˿뵽˿Уͨķ˿ɱɺ쳾˿˸˿˿⡣
쳾¯Լȡ֮ҲԼȡ֮Щ쳾˿ϡǺ쳾Կ쳾Ҳڲϵɱ䡣
ûΪʵ
ź쳾¯ĳȡʱڵȣҲ̼䣬־Ӱ֮Ѿ̫ܵӰ죬ŶϵĳȡڵȻǴڵģֻҪڽУĥ
ֻҪԸ⣬һͣʮ꣬κΣ
׽Σѹȥ˼ۿܡ
һҲɰԾ̾
һȫԳƵһĿɾһƬƬһƮ䣬裬Ĵεۼ
ļÿһ궼а˾ɸߣ֦ҶïܣչڵƬ֦ϣҲʢһгңҲлڳɳеĹʵҳɳĸ׶ζϡһ㶼Ե̫ͻȻ
ö࣬Ȼ˶ҡϲˣܻȡ˾˵ջ񣬴׿ٴ̡ʵ
СԴб˳ǰľϲ˵
ܿϣҡ
Щֳ֣ܿԵЩءһͨ죬ͷ·Ǵ޵һޡÿһö˶ޱȣΡɹתʮϲ죬һ֣Ǽҡһ֣ǳֳɫͺܲһˣгɫгɫɫлɫȵȡ
ԪҡԳȻ֣ոյﵽһǧʱԪҾǳɫȻٹһǧûժȡǾǳɫÿһǧ꣬ͻһɱ䣬ɫᷢı䡣Ԫ߿ɴﵽɫҲǧԪҡѾߣﵽǧԪҾͲټҩ
ֻȴժȡȻٴοʼµԪҡ
ڿȥڼϣļ󲿷ֶɫԪң֪ô꣬ϽңûǰժȡժȡժȡҲ࣬Ƚ˵ժȡһ֣ҲǾţһë
ǧɫԪңҪǳȥ˵ӼǧķʿԣʣǶ䡣
⻹˵滹ӵдļҡ
Щʱ£Ѿﵽʮ־˵ĵزӸ֪Уȫ֪Щļңһöȥ˿ͻƣﵽ񾳵ľʵ
۵ҪǷ紫˵еô档
һ˿ɫ漴ֳǰһżȡȥһö޵ļȻıժ£Сһժȡ϶ʱɢһص㣬˱Ƕ룬˸оĿ̲סҪУƷƺһֶصջ
·Կܡ
ȻбͲҪܡ
ڵʳϸڷ붼룬漴Уſҧȥ
꣡
ɿڣҧȥָ֭Ȼһּ°ܡѪԪȻȻû뵽ڣѪУѪеѪӡ
ڣඦ֮УѪۣȻԿһɫoһѪд󣬽ڿռȫΪһƬµ
ǡ񾭡۳ķѪΪ֮漴Ѫ⣬ʣ׳
һ


ڲӣÿӣ㡣ոͻƵתûжã˿̣ȶңӵ幦κ
ˣֻͻȻмϱ
һǰλãϣΪһƬѪɢ޾Ѫ֮ңڿ׳ϱԴȻȻķӣ÷ۿɼٶɱ䵽߳ɵľء
мϣǣЩڳֱֺӾͱڱеںϵΪЩϱԴͬģϵƷױȲӵеģһ֣ȻľںϡԵģЩеıԴ֮űȻ롣Ȼɱ
磬ϣͻȻ䱩Ȼһͨѻ꣡
ϣֻѪϡ
ȻϺȻľ뵽ͼСΪͼеһ֣ͼٴƣǵ̴ۣΪһѪ
ȻԪӡԪ׳ǿϢУ̶õӡԪԴ׳һ㡣
ָоʮء
ԾУһǧİĸ߶ȡ
ϢУõ
˼ȻǼңȻһɶͣһ졣ϧҵô󣬳ֻһ̶ѣҶԣʳ֮ζ֮ϧҪһ죬δͻȻõļ£Ҫϸĥܳ׻ΪáģȱһԲ󡣡
аԵͷѾ׼ҵİء
Ǽ£Ҳܹܵס


1655 
磬һͨˣҪǳ¼ҡ̺˽񾳡ʵ򡣳ȥ˲Ϊ񾳵ġΪʲôȣͨ˵壬޷ס˾ҵɱ䣬ҪˣֻһǾȻ䱬ըΪһѪױ
κѭ򽥽ġ
Ҳˡ
編ླҪǣ㲻׾ҵ棬ͬҪʱ䣬ֱ̫ǻ˵ģӲҪ˵滹ҪֵȵЩ˵мңͿԳױġû˭⡣
ֻ˵ңֹ̣ø죬˳ǣͻƺ󣬵˲͵õӡ磬һ񺣣һ쵽ϣһͼ
ֻҪȹֽѣ˳ͻơûоϵƿԿٵִܴﵽ۷塣
УֻҪ˷һѶȾС
ǣʮֿ񱩣濴Щ޺һȥ˲ͱڳֹ꣬Ϸĸһܲס궼ԪҲ顣
û飬ΪΪʹﵽ龳ΪﵽתȻе̫ܶΣͱ
Ϊ̡
ɻʿֻ¾ͻѣܳ
ӦԲôɡ
취п񱩵һȥǾͻᱬ³ҡ¼£װаԳԸܵеա
벻취⣬ҷӲá
ʿõġǾ̫ߣȥҲǽò̫󡣷Ҫͨ˿Խһ죬ǲļֵ磬ЩʲõˣȥԴǺεȵĺ¡
ͻƺʵԪǴӡ
ҾȻûҺˣ޷ֱֲ֣֪ܲ
аԳѾּҵ֮ͿһҺˡҲζţܽҺȥֳµļıȻҪԣõԼвõġ
һԣ
Ժбܵĸֳһͷ
һ֣һֻֻϻǰţεǰһżϵҿȡֱװϻУԪһǼңͳͳȡȥתۼ䣬һɨգֻʣһЩ಻ӹϡ
һóһսŵնȥ

һȥȴֱӱĳһǣȻֻڵһ۵ĵۡͬڽʯ֮ϡҪ֪һɽôΪ֮ѣƫƫȴֻһ۵ĵۡȫ޷κá
üӲָسɸֻҪˡ
ĿãҲһ鴤
ˣǷ̺ϽƣɭϣǹκһܵƬƵĵƣƲƣؾͺˣӲܴھ
Сϣѵ
ȻѾƬĿ¡
ǿԣֻ½еļ֮ǰѾҹǿ뷽跨ߣǼ
꣡
΢΢üйâһħУһնһ֦һУȻԿǸ֦漴ѡڶѺڶϿķ֦У̺ܿڿٳżŹȥƺҪջأֻҪ䣬ͻữΪ֦Ҷ
ˣ콫֦԰֮ˮнࡣֻ֮ˮſԱס֦ڵ֦ȻݰܣҪɻҪֻʥҺ״䱾ָֻնһУҪȻɻˡҪˮ࣬÷֦ѿܳ׳ɻ
СĿã˵
ȻʮأһֶοֳɻǷָնϣɲֻ֮ˮֻʥҺȷָѿҪˮ
Ҫֹ屦ֲɹ֪Ƕôѡ
Ȼûκγɣһ䣬Ѿ֦ڣ԰Сһеɽȣ֦ȥ֮ˮѾڷ֦ϣʱ֦ڿŵֱӾͱϣȻֻʥҺҲڷ֦У˲Ϣ䣬֦뱾ϵնϡ
һ˸ɫˮ
ˮ˲ͱ֦գɲǼ䣬֦һ˳ңһʱڵ£ڿʼмȡ֣֮ˮ÷֦ٳɳ磬С۴ϸ
ܺá
пɻҲǰԵͷһ˿ϲ漴Ϳʼ¶һΣɲ֮ˮ֮࣬ˮ֮ǰӻ߽лȡһξһΡȻ׶ã¶ҲǼΪġ
ܿ¶Ľ£ۿɼٶһСѾɱһ֦ҶïʢٲȻѾһʢ
׳ɻ
Щ˵ʵ򲻹գ֮ѾɣȻкķѵԴɲ
ȻķѲСϧ۵£ǿͳһƬ֡ӵмһϡɹҴô
׵ͷһͷ
ֻҪħսһ磬Ǵ׵۳ڷɵʱ̡ʱ򣬴׽˿ɵɨķٰ˷
ˣֻҪףΪɽ׼Ʒֻ֮ңȴʮأһ޷ֲģֲܹɹΪӵиֹ屦ˮܴɻֻһμ£һżϣֳֻܷһֳ֦ɻǼֲˮҲС
СԸо漴Ϳѵ
⡣ڼֵϣδرѷɫ
ŶˣҲһȡһֲһꡣһ꣬Ͷһݵ̡ɲΪ
ȴûѶΣѵŲȥôȻǲܵ顣뱦ɽֶܿء
еңȫҪˣļͬҪȫ޽ӣγ֡Ϊ̡
ˢ
гʱͻȻ䣬ֻǰǿűո˼ҵ£׵ĳһӰǺʮֵϲ졣ϸȥһ¡żµģȻȻһλ޵
ֻǣϸȥǱԹޣƺѾޱԹʹŵģȻһѪɫһֺ󣬼˲ͳɱһ̳ѪţǽУĸܵڵԹ벻ʡ
ɢֱӴﵽ龳
СģЩǽ壬ޱ֮ǻɱһпÿһڶ̺ޱԹһ﹥䣬ͬƹ֮ԴԴھñߣҷ𡣻Ϊ촷ۡ


1656 ɷ
СæѡЩ̫죬һ൱µĴڣһϣԲʲô¡в£ܵ䡣Ǿ̫ˡ

Ŀã΢΢ü΢ֱ³һ
̺־졣һֱǼױסնȥսҲͬסֹڰա
ˢ
ţһ˲䣬ǱסļĴǰʧΪһź⣬һٴγ˹
ף
Ҳ̲סһǰһץһ粼֣˹˹ȥҲʵʵײһȻһ룬һֲ˼ı仯ˡ
ƾճڸ粼ֵıϣ·Ǹ粼ֱһϱ粼ȴۿɼٶȥƺϢļȡڵľ
ֻ棬ʮֿɲ
ˣߣѾʼȡ粼ֵľݡþ뿪
СԿ˵
һҪġ
ͬһ䣬ļִѾУӷִдݳһǿ֮ϯķܱ߼ϵңȫȡִС
һö
ö
գۼ䣬Ϳһɵĳӳǰ
ٱһա
һ̣ڣļȫߡ
ߺͬԥĴ򿪴ɡһԡһ̾Ϳһɫµﲻϴг˳ÿһޱȣòһǼΪЩԹأΪһɫӰٴҪҵ͵ժҵˡ
ɡ£һ˿û¶δѰʼûκջǽߣûп̽鲻
Ѳһӣûҵ󣬷ŷŭٴʧ
Ȼ˶ļ
аȻոֻ²ʮǲǻи࣬ȴҲǺĻУǺܿˡ
ֽУʲôܡ
еĺӵǿҡ
ûгɣɡȥ
̤űصĻ꣬ͬһƬС
ոճֵЩʧˣ·֮ǰģֻһλöѡ
ѾûгңȫһոˡʣµĶûгġУȴоһƬžҪǵСֻ»ŵҪ
֮ǰ˵Ĺ˾ʲôطҪ˵Ļ̫δҵõгžɫ¹ѯʵ
汾ܳȥģҿԸ˳ŸӦҵɫ¹ֱóһһϣȻԿһɽɽ忴һѪɫѪ˸ƺ̺ĳֶصɡ
ɽʲôе㲻һ
õϵѪɫɽ壬Լ䣬оɽǲһε̺ڡƺʱᱬ޷ƻ
öҵĿꡣ
ɫ¹ûҪ͵˼ֱӶһ仰
΢΢ҡͷסʱڤڤһָӦԼҪߡ

ָӦ֪ܵҪô
Ŷ߿ȥûܵľɫ
֪У˳ָѾһƬһɽСһɽȶûᣬңһŨȣԱطҪӵŨֹ
ô
пһǰĻһ֣һɿƽض˲ͽƬ곹׾ܷɢȥƬ̼䣬ͽɽеĻһɨաɽУȻһͭ롣ͭϵĻʮһ۾ܿͨʣ·ܲ೤档
Ѿô
΢΢üͭʱҲһ˿õԤС
ʶ˹ȥ󣬺ȻԿͭ׶ǽŵģƺκεķ϶Ȼһ塣
ҵǿͭûСɫ¹еѯʵ
Ҫδ򿪡
׵ͷ˵
еͭϣͿȻĴ򿪡
ɫ¹˵
ܽߣٴô
΢΢ü˵
ܣԲԣأҪԽѹơǴȥ޴鷳껹Դڲͭסܽװȥڱ´򿪣ģǲẦġң㻹ĺôһԹңҸмġ
ɫ¹һƶ˵
ϣˡ
ȻоЩףеĺĻ̲סͭϣѾߵˣȻѾûĿܡ
꣡
棬ͭȻȻų޾ͭ⣬ţͿͭУݳ˵ٽܵһĳŹϯȥ·һ絹һױͭС
ڵһƾӶһա
ʧ
һУͭ׺Ȼѿ׸ƵһߡҲûԥ־ͽ׸ǽҿĿȴһգգĶŹڡ
˭
򿪺󣬺ȻԿһ޷ݵӰǰһŮӣһµŮӣʺļ£һĪʣһգӵľ˫ȴʼմһ˿ʣ·Ǿǧ֮⡣һλɽˡ
Լ䣬ϻɢһֶصɷɱѩ׵ļֳӨı⣬ơ
ȫ£һү컯
۷壬˾̾
СģŮáҵĹԹԣɷǰ
СԿȴŵõŵʱԽãСԵԽԽǿ󡣳ɳٶȾˡѾˡ
ɷǣ
Ҳ¶һ˿ȡ
ɷʲôȻ֪ܲȫؼµ֮һһҪˣĿ϶ǸĸǸףĸףȻߣһһ⻹õģģһ⣬һȫǽһײУ治һĿ¡
ʲôʲô
ѣѣ˶ãԼϾҪù²ҲǵжѡǲҪǰߣֻҪнӴҪƤһӣֻܹ¿һˣ飿Զܽġ
ֻҪҽ飬һһ
ûô졣
ɼɷǵǶײУǣɷҪɱѡ첻ˡ
껹ûгֱִǰлħʦһɷ񣬺üһʱûòѡ˱ᡣǾԶ֮ĺá
ǰŮӾȻɷǣʲôЦ
֮·ɷǣǾ޷Ŀ¡ֲ֮
ǵҪҲҪ
עһ
֪ɷǣ˵ʲôж˵
۳⵽ô¡ɷǣҿҡ
һ䣬ɫ¹ֱӱڿռץ˳һˤڵϣû˵


1657 ͷ
ɷ˵ʵڣԼе㷢ˣʵڲʲôĶմȾ˭ܱ֤ᷢʲôҪ֪ɷǣ֮ǰԲ׿ӲҪ˵ͭסˣûҲҪСѶС
ôܣ¹ԲܿġǺ£¡
ɫ¹æҡͷ˵
ɷʲôʱܱɺ¡Ц˵
ˣѾˡǻ£һǻ¡ɫ¹æ͵
ô¡øһĽ͡һͭڵľֱ˵
һλȷʵɷǣһ㣬ݷϣսҹ磬ҲԡѪɱնɱҹǿߣʬǱҰΪ꣬һħսʯٵķʽƴһħҲ;ƿݣƵ
־ٶͬԼѡɷǵϣʵ̫ˡʵǿĴܣҲ̫Ƕ˭ɽһ˴ˡҲ޷뺦ˣȴջǻ̫࣬Żѡڹؼʱн
˵Щɫ¹Ҳ¶һ˿ʹ֮ɫΣĿõģȻһС
ɷǵĿ࣬˭ܹġ
һϵʹࡣ
ϵĥ
Ϊ塣
һ׵ͷ˵Щлͬġ
˺ܶ˶ԣͻȥˡ
ǰ˵ⱲӣΨһźľûиܹ˵飬ûŮ֮İ飬ûа취Լ޳ȥΪһᵽͨ˵ƽһԸҪһʵԸһͨˣԽӣŮԳлĸϥǰܿá
ɫ¹̾Ϣ
˭õһҹսϺ˷ѪаħǿߣԸȻǳΪһͨˣڷ˵һԸֲ򵥣ƽҲƽ
ԣЩԸǶǿɼġ
ѣѣѣ
Ҳҡͷ˵
ڵ֪ЩΪڲͭף࣬Զҩסһٸϼ£ʩչطȥʼάһֲ״ֶ̬֮ص״̬£ڵɷת޳ȥϣһ죬Խ񳹵״۸ģǴ۸ĲˣҲܽӰ͡
ɫ¹˵
ʩչطǿඥͬʱ֣Ϊ˴۸ǿֶֻܲܳɹܻܲЩû˭ܹԤϵõֻĬĬȴ
Ҳ˵֮еļͬĳһЩﵽʲôĴڡҲǲ񶯵һ죬Գ˼
ʲôҲ֪϶йؾͶˡ˼ǵԤӦǿҪɹˡԸǼ޳ȥӵԼļͥˣٹ¿ꡣĶ״̬Ƭ⻷ޱһɷһúΪʡǲܡ
ɫ¹æ˵ô£֪ô˵ˡ
˭
гĬһٴѯʵ
˵ʵڣݣҲԽӵĺһԪУǿߣһŮ
˵ʦ㡣׷壬ΪᡣһԪ˭˵Ƕǵսľһʵɲ⡣Ҳ֪ʣ¶١
ɫ¹һȻᣬʮּ顣
Ҫȡ
һٴοͭУѾϡ
Ҫ˵Ѳѣ˵ҲסɷҪתҪԼ޳ȥƽҪ˭ҪȢȻһɷ֮ĳһηɣʮͿ£һ֧Ųסǲƽⲻ֮ҲܶѡֻʮǿӲˣܳܵסɷǵķɡУԵѡ
ɫ¹һҲԼͼ
ؼ䣬ģʣǵ񣬵ѹأһԿΪ·һɶɽӡһѹΨҶ֮ģȻ֮٣ָڵǰ󲿷鶼ֻܱѹƣܵƺ⡣ɫ¹ǿе
ؼһ˳֮׵۳ĵ۾ݣȻؼĴڡҲֻ񣬲лܵסɷǵķɡȻҪɷǣ»ҪѾĥ֮ȫл
棬ʣǴյġ
ᷢʲô˭޷Ԥϡֻ˵ʲôпܷ
ֻҪҿͷԺǷޡɫ¹˵
ףʲôʱֵĸͷ
һ̧ۿȥȻ֣ͭУ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼͷ϶һɫĸͷڵסòգȫ˿һλ޵棬·ڵȴŷҿͷΪԼķӴˣһ壬ɷָ
ҸͷɲС¡һҿȫͬ
ʱ̣Ҳ¾ϡ
Ҫ֪ҲûмŮ˵ˣߵŮҲû˻ѷɫǸʣһ޶ŲͬķɡңǴ֮ҪӣҲѰ֮¡
ԼߵŮˣøش١
һ䣬ٽѶϢǴݹȥʼĩһһʮ˵˳
µŮ֪һ϶ԵЩѿ
ϾûжŮܹԼɷǰŮ˻ָоɲǺܺáֻǣ˵飬ҲһĬ
ɷǣǺεȵ࣬˵ʵڣŮǸͬܡ˭޷Ϊ֮ݣһԪĶǿߣܹΪһˣʣȻΪ׵һ漫󡣺ôɹ˵ǽǿϹϵ
Ů˺οΪŮˡ
ֻǣеջŮʮֵġ
ߣˡ
·һ˵㻹ǶСģɷǣǿ¡˭֪ҿͷᷢʲô顣˵ա
ȻѾӦ
ֶԴдô飬ЩԸǴӦŮǽ׵ԼļҡΪױǿҲǾľ
ʲô
лλˡ
Ҳһж
ȻΣգǶԼżšϾֶͬǳġкѹһ񣬾Բκѷɫ
ֵһɷǵĳδؾͲ
׵ۣͿȥҿͷҪϸСģҿͷ˭֪ᷢʲôЩ飬˵Ʋ⡣ңҲ֪˻ʲô
ɫ¹һ̣Ҳ»⣬ٴѵ
ǻе˼ʲôƣöó


1658 
ˡ
վͭǰǰµľŮһ³һҲûԥ־ͳǿͷ˹ȥ
ͷ·ǧ֮أԽҿûֹ˱ҿˡ
ˢ
һȻǰУڿҲֹסһ
ǣһλˡ
аһͷڽҿͷͬʱҲĸоڤڤԼǰŮӶһ޷ϵ
ڽҿͷͬʱȻԿðһڵɷɷŨ£κһ˿ƺɱһУĿʵʡɷһУ޾¼š
пˣҲɵһо·ˮޡ
޾Ϣϯ
ϯĶ׸оһ䡣
ɷۣΪһڵսĳն
֮Ĺֹκ赲Ψ֮п⣬ǿ˲ͻᱻɱش飬һ飬ʣҲһǸˡ
ΪۣѹһеУ
ͷϣâһһӰ˲両֣Ȼòһ£ȫͬϴۣһȻȻĺɨķɢ޾ѹӲһȭǿɷȥ
һȭ˫
һȭΨҶ
һȭѹһеСɱһУҡ
飡
֮ײɷϵۻĽ档еȻǿ֪
һµĺУ޾ķ
ãųɢΪС
ܿüλãȻֳһϸСĵۡһɫѪ۳ü䡣Ҳ˶ѣϵϢ˿ûյˣɳɽԨɲ⡣
ÿµɷ񣬺ÿֲɷȻܹ˵ң۶޷ֵҪǿһЩȷʵԶɾ޴ˡвϧջǱ۸ʤһ
һüģеĽɫѪһ˿ȻȻԼԶԶûдﵽηĵزˣҲпܻ䣬ؼ䣬ûʲôǾԵġֻԼøǿǿ󣬲η塣
ˢ
ͬʱܿϵļͻȻųһ⣬״̬˲䷢ı䣬ȻպϵҲһ
ϸȥֻ·öؼ貵ǳһִһ˿䡣
˭
һĨãͭվУʶѯʵ漴ȴ˼¶һ˿ȣܵڷı仯е𺳣Ըӵġ
Ҵģǡ¡
ҵɷȻȻ۸ˣȻɼôܡ
ǰ˾ҵķôȻܳɷɡȻǷˡʦǾȻദķƽҵ񡣾Ȼɹˡǣ
Ժпֳһͷ
Ѻ󣬺ܶ鶼ȻȻ׹Ǵ֮ˣȻɷǣɲʲô֪ʲôܶණǶۻȻء
ȻʶȴûгʧȻ֪ԼϷʲôЩܶʲôֶΣȻĳɹˣȫһ˼漣˾̾
ɷ񱻴۸ģɼ
һɣԼ˳ףٱˣңɷɷɷǵжжǿǳġǿ󡣾ԲȷԵҪѷɫǿ
¼£Ǽ¡
ɷǵûʧֻǱһסѡ
һ˫ݣܵõĺôӾˡ
뵽Ҳ¶һ˿ߺ졣飬ҲûоôһɣһԪˣȻѾˡַίʵ˭ܹܵġ
ҵΪȻѾ䵽־ءһжҪ¿ʼ
ҲܵԼڵΪѾ򲻴һֻʣ񺣾Ϊ·õܣһȫµĿʼ
ȻԭȵΪ磬ֻҪҪΪǿߣǲʱ⡣ܿͿ
ѣոյľٶҲΪȵѣ˳ƶΪǵѲԸĻոյԵûзҿɻΪѡпȻޣɻȻ˵
ǵȥǿκһŮӡ
һ㣬ǲԸȥġ
ǣȻϼ£ǲ˭ҿͷһѣǾķᣬҲᷴڣοȴһ̣Ѿȴʱһ죬ҺܸˡӽᣬӡӦ񡣡
һУĿһƶ
ȻѾ¶ģٸġ
ãȻˣֻҪ㲻ңҲԲṼ㡣ھ֪ΪݡҲǴϲܵõһǵŮȻһϲ£û˭ܹ޶ԡҲܡ
漴ͽԼݽ
׵۳֮ݣȻҲ΢΢һ˿ȣȴû̫Ķݣ˵ݶҪҪˡ
ȻܶһʱҲ˵ЩԵȵԺٽн˽Ϳԡеһжʲô⡣
ˣС¹ǵ𡣡
ɫ¹æƨƨߵǰᣬѯʵ
ɫ仹ŨŨڴ
Ǹʦߵͷ¹ôӡʵҲ˥ôࡣ
ῴɫ¹΢΢ü˵
Ȼϳݡ
ңңһѾ˷ԸҵŴѡڵȵˣԺҲлٴμˡɫ¹һ˷ܵ˵
ɫ̲סһȸԾ
ſھͽڵ˵˳
ﾹȻҹս
˽һЩ̧ۿܣͻȻڷһȵλ
һϺ£Ȼ䣬ܿ˷ȻԿһµϵĳ֣Щ֤ǵļÿһŹ֮ɫһֺȻȻĻΪһõ⣬գۼǰһ£Ȼ뵽ڣʧ
ϵϢһ仯ûС
ء
ԴˣƺһⶼûС
ҲûдиоκΣգȻֹоЩ룬ϸǶһɲĸо·ʵȻ䣬Ѿ췭ظı仯
ʱʮûڣʧ
Խӵɲ⡣
ҹսϣҪҹɱĿһѯʵ
Ȼ
׵ͷ˵
ȻѾΪӣȻҪΪһݴ񡣡
Ȼ˵


1659 
Ŷ֪ʲô񡣡
۾һѯʵݣҪ˵ĴǾͿ϶һصĴ
սҹҹսϣնɱаħ꣬ҵִݻһҹħǣЩħеİأôݻٻħδЩ̫ϧ뵽취δزܻΪãΪһսΪսʮּңЩħΪ˱ҹãҵطӡȴȡá
Ҳûгɣֱӿ˵
гҹΪϹѫȻѾΪ£ȻҪվеϿ顣Щħأǿϣȫܹ޴ޱȵ档
ʲôллħأ֪ʲôطж١
Ҳ̲סϲ
ħرòϣɶ˵ȴǿԻΪı
ҲӡһһһңھǰҪʱõ׵ͷ˵
һǰĪڲͭڡ
ʶĿԱߵĲͭסҪԲضĻǾֻͭŹˡĿ⣬ȻԿͭŹڣȻһֻСͭףԱȻǺۣ֮ǰСͭףǵһֻͷԴ£֪ģΪһͷ
ڿȴһС͵ͭŹסҪ˵ֻ»û˻֪
ܲضʣ϶СͭŹ֮С
ˢ
ûгɣֽǿСͭŹȡУһ֣һУȻԿͭѾ򿪣ƺܿصķĽ֯һ𣬻ΪƣһС
ǻħء
̧ۿȥŹڣ֣ռ޴̽飬ȫԿӡһħأңЩħɢϢȻ̺ľѪǿҹд󲿷ֵ壬ֶħ嶼Сÿһһ塣
ֻһ룬ҲܸܵһԪĴսҵʲôزΪ˻ħأԻҹƴಫսƷֵ֮ߣ޼֮
Ҫй¶ȥΪЩħأҹĸ壬᳹׷ġΪЩ᲻ϧһдۡѪɺҲϧ
ĻħӵһľѪɴڣֻǵûа취ϣֻܿûа취仯ΪáῪ˵
ħ֮ħʲôǿԣһԴԴϵڻңȴսϵսµɱ¾
̫ˡΪоӵоħصֶΣȱٵľǻħأԭȵħΪȽҹսǣҹıȴһȫһٶħΪģγһ֮ɨҹսҹսǣҹԶҹɾ޴ƻ
о˸ӿֳ޾ĿϲͷԺ˸ײ
Щħڣԭƶļƻȫٴһ㣬ټһ㡣ҹսһ췭ظ״һҹ֪ŭʲôġ
ս
ţֻҪԷСЩΪս׼ĺ֣ϣò׵ͷ˵ֻʱ޷ԷӵΡ
дһ˿Ρ
ŶΪʲô
Ȼ֪˵˼ȴеԭ
תΪһΪѾʣ޼ȴһεĻᣬʦܸһϹ칦ŹϣһǧңŹȵ˫ʱ޴ĺô÷ͻƵ̨磬ĺôϣҪġ
Ὺڽ͵
칦ţȻˣǾԺãʱУ֮Ҳܱ˴˸һЩ˽⣬ܺáãȽ磬һЩãʶԼҽá
Ҳûж˵ʲô
칦ȻһϹȻԶΪͻ˴棬ԱκҩҩҪӵ졣ӵ޷ļֵ龳̨ѾܿԽġʣˣȱһɡ칦ȴ˺̨̤ǾǼֵɹ
ţҪ
ûзԣһ˿ڴ
ûɷǵȻҪӲһ磬ѣɷ򣬽á
󣬿ռţҲȻ̤ڿռ䣬ŮȻǲö˵ֻɫ¹Ҳ̤磬ֽ֮أɲҪȥ
ûԥҲʼƬ֣һǲȥÿһ϶üһ֦ͻˮࡣ
һûķ׷׵Գɻ
԰ڵһƬҲų͡
ȫܿѾγɹģȫԳΪ̣ԴԴϵĳΪԴ
ջ֮Ȼǲɹ

ʱȻš
գۼ䣬ǰ¹ȥ
Уҹ콾սϼһĴѲ飬ǰ̽ҪҳеټȴƫƫһۼҲ͸ʧһúܶ콾еŭԽӵŨоȫǶǵһơ
ͬħսҲûзеټ
ԣҹ콾Զ϶һҹսУֻĳֶٶѣֻҪƶѰȥ綼ҵ˿ġ
УȻʲôط˳֮Ȼһֱ޵󱲡
׵ۣԺǲҪ˵ĺáһ㵨ûУ߳ܡ
ּﲻսϳ֡
ȻҪԼķʽи
һ죬ҹս
ʮѪɸ߸ϡ
һ˿˿»Ȼսϡ
һΪ˱۳ǵħУܿһ˱ħǿ󣬳ǽϣдħأǰұķҲд˱ħūӳſͳһվɣʵȴڽսϣûκ˸˿и֮ǰħǾǰ֮
Ȼܲ
²˺󳾡
ڳģȻһ˱ħǿߣĦһΪѾﵽ龳֮ǰħսҲǳһԱ
ҪսС

ĦʱͻȻоһռ䲨ڰ˱۳Ǹպϵ۾˲ͳڳǽϡ
Ħˣ
ǽϺ˱ǿ߷׷׼
Ŀ⿴⣬ȻԿڳ⣬һ޴ɫųУԼٶȺȻ¡ڵϡ˸һɹɿµתƺʱпµ޴гɱ
ռţ֪ͨȥȫ䱸źš
Ħһ˵ɫһƬءȻоһ˿εѹϯ


1660 
𣡣
ռУһµĺ
žͿһ޴Ӱ̤һ̤Ϳʼͣۿɼٶ͵ǧɾ޴ͨɢͭɫĹâ϶ǿ
ɢϢתʿѷɫ
ֻǣУȴκǣеֻǱɱ¾ž޴ıǰɢ޾ĻϢƺҪݻпһʲôֻҪǰݻ١
̩̹ˡ
ĦͫһѾϳ˵ݣ̩̹ǿߡԣ̩̹ˣū
飡
ûͣ٣һֺͿ̤̩̹ˣÿһ˸ͭɫ⣬·ͭo
һ
ʮ


ԴԴϵ̩̹˷Ĵӿռ̤˳ҺĿʼŰ˱۳Ƿ档ЩˣÿһתĿѪ졣棬·ɽѣϯ磬Ʋɵ˿֡
ô̩̹ūΪʲôһǳǰ˱۳ǳӦֱͶħսЩɱô
ܣūҹӡǣǲҹ˳ֵģӵԸôܻǳ֣⵽ô¡
ãпиĹЩūѱˣڵӡѾ۸ˡ
죬ƽ磬Ŀ̩̹꣬ˣȫݻ٣׻ɱԲɱУǳ裬ǳ裬ǵūȻᷴǡֱдɶ̫ɶˡ
ǽϣһ˱ħʿɫ࣬ūϯսսֶΣҹĴ٣ңһַȴʹãԸԼֱǳ衣һʱ򣬲û͸ֱ̫ʹˡ
һ׵ۣһУȻԽҹĻħش۸Ϊҹȷԭ֮ǰħǣҪоҹĻħأʱ䣬취ħأħصԸҹ硣
Ħĸ࣬Ѿ²⵽֮ǰµʱΪʲôû¶棬ܴԭΪħأֻǣ⻽ħؿҹĸ˭ƽġ
ܴܶδؿƽ⡣
оȻ̺壬ǿµġ
ζţ㹻˿ҹĸս֣ƻҹõľơܶҹɾ޴вľٶ
Ҫҹĸ
ĦмӿֳһŨҵɱ⡣оԲһҪǸٴĴҲҪȥֻг䣬˳װġʳѰ
ӵ̩̹Ѿɱ
ͷū
˱۳гŴ򿪣ͬ˱ħūӳгɱȥ˲ɱһ߶ûκǣһ棬ͳ׷ɱһǻ棬ʮֲҡ
ӿռӿľˣʼնԴԴϣ಻
·ֹ
˿̣ҹսС
ȻԿһռͬʱ֣׷ױ򿪡
򿪵ͬʱūԴԴϵķӵ͸բĺˮһūǵϯսٽһħǸڡ
壬ѪħˣˣҹսͷߣͳͳսϣūŸħϯȥ
ˣūЩūǴġΪʲôô࣬Ϊʲôṥҹⲻǵū
УȻƽҹĻħأȻūԸǣֱдɶ̫ɶˡ
ˡȻūǡеǺݶ̫ˡ
ôô࣬˵ֻħǣħأôôūңѪħҲǲˡǳ塣
ҹ콾ڿսϯūһɫͬʱӿֳ޾ľŭսϳֵūֹ֣ζţУԲֹħأǾиࡣ
ԭԼūȴתͷԸԼ
һ콾мҪѪ
ܿϰռսϴ򿪡
ʱڣӿսеūѾﵽʮڣǼʮڣϰڵ֣Ҫ˵ӰսһڣԶսɾ޴Ӱ
Щūֵ̫ͻ
Ǳͳҹ콾ûԤϵ£սһʼ뵽֮СҲڵһʱӦͬдūħǣڳҲɱսһƬѪȡ
˿̣սϡ
УгɡȻڿռвУսϲҵɱūū֮ײȫ˼ĲɱսŨµѪϢȴһ㶯ݶûС
ūٶ࣬Ҳʹ
ʦġ
Щҹڻҹս棬Ҳмֵ
ܺãҹǵսŸոտʼֻǿθ˶ѡϰħ֣ҪҹսʩħսϵľͬһΡ
ƽ˵ɫһƬĮ
ͬ飬ڡ
۾ʥ棬νãūǣסҹעսսңвȡʤѰҵĻᣬūֻǴ׵ĸţ֮ƣǿдݻħǣӶỽħأǳĥҹֶΡҹ˽ǡ
˵һԿΡ
棬ȻҪķš
ţȵȵ˵ҹūսȻٳ֣䲻£ſȡʤﵽĿġ
׵ͷ˵
ɱҹսϻص
Ѫʬǣ˲Ⱦء
ūǰ̵ĳħǡҪнƽ磬ֻ˲ͻᱻϳǽ޴ˡ
ҹ콾һƿڴһҲڳɱǵصū
ܵǹħսʱҹʿĸܡǸܡ
Ͽ㱨ħ󣬽ҪǲħսϵūȽ׵˵
׵۲ĸ󻼡Բңȥ¹ҹ档
ȥߣһҪҳ
һ콾飬
սȻȼյҹ֮УȻܵУһ㣬ζ̡
ǣʼûа취ҵеټ
һ㣬콾ޱͷʹ

սڼ
ūɱ£ҹħҲ˿и֪УѾһ졣սνǼޱȡɱūӿūʼղ١ԴԴϡ
ֻǣսƺѾ뵽ĳƽ֮С
ҹħеĻħأͬԴԴϵūͶսսϵľƣʼάһȶ״̬£ܶҹʿҲԿʼи
˿̣һΪǵħҲʼи


1661 
еȻǶʹ壬ʵǿᣬԴʹжǵʮԣΪ
ÿһףһʵǳɱɱʮǿᾪˡһնϣǶԣǾǽвڸֺڰͨƿʮ
˿̣ڶصģһʹ콾޺һΪΪ龳ǿߣ̨֮ңټѪһʵ֮ǿκε̨ѷɫǸǿ
׵ۣȻܵҹս꣬һΣЩҹ콾涼ΪһɶħѾŭ쵰ô͸һֻһžǲ
޺ڳУеŭͬŨҡҹ콾ûһк֮ǵġȫʹ֡޲̵⣬Ѫ
ǹħսȴнսҹսһ֣һǱ֣߹ϵתȻ޾衣
ڻūΧǣֱд
ūūҹ콾ѿϮҪǸо衣
Ȼ֪׵۵ǴŪ˶ūҪƾЩܳҹսǳ˵ΣֻҪڳٶūҲһҪ޺˸һ⣬⼸ڵūսϣȻ鷳Ҳֻ鷳ѣħսֵܵסӲҪ˵ҹ
ֻǴһЩ鷳ˡ
ףпռ䲨
ʱ޺¶һ˿֮ɫоڶսУٴγһռ䲨ƺпռű򿪡̲סһݡһ䣬ڳǽϡ
ô£
޺ѯʵ
ռţµĿռű򿪡
һʹڻش
˳ָȻԿħǰУһ޴Ŀռſٳ֣˲󣬷£Եʮ־޴ѹķ
޵Сɱɱɱ
սսս
ռУǿѹ糱ˮϯ
ѹħеĶʹҲ׷׸оѹ֣ʶһĭ
Ծ֪ͨȥȫǽ䱸ڿռźֵģ϶ЩūǴ׵۳ľšû뵽Ŀɲֻ׵һȻŴǰ
޺оŭ
ˢˢˢ
һ߿սСȻԿһҾ޴˲ӿռŶϸȥЩֳۣͨɫɢһַ·ǻưϢϴ棬ǳһƬǰһϣȻһս죬սϺȻֳһ֡ʣ
һ۽֡
գۼ䣬Ϳһҳɫ̾ա
Ȼɫ۾еĳɫţųϣÿһҶһʿһңȻһʿܿЩʿɢϢѾͼĽޣܶ඼ѾֱӴﵽླһʵ֪۳ɾ˷ҡ
һսĿǣּ䣬һۿٷֿ˲ա
޵УɫţվҵȽҵȡѫʱ̡гһӣһϺȵ׼Ŀ꣬ǣ𹥻
ϣÿһʿɫԭʼüףԳΪü׺ģƷ˿ͣ嵶ȳãϣװսɱִ󣬱ǷŴ˵ǿӰԵϣ绢
ÿټܴ󡣿һ˲䣬ȺǵĽиԵĴƻν൱ǿһֹһɽᱻݻ١
׼ϣĿ꣬ǣ䣡
һʿٴӦš
ಣ
˲ϢѾװһ޴׼ǡûκγɣһ£һȥÿһħ·Ϊ貵⣬գԲ˼ٶȣֱӳħǰ
飡
Щħÿһкɱ񾳵ǿƻǸǿÿһ֧һѾ֧ħ·籩ǽڶϣҲڵһʱ両ֳһڵĽƽ磬Ϊݣסħĺ
ܿһڰɫײڽϡҵĺ
ЩħǿĶƺҪǿ˺ƣλãȥϧûг׶һ̣оųڰ⣬һֿ񱩵ڼбԽԽ񱩣ͺڼ໥ļͻȻ䱻ƽ⡣˿ֲļҷӦֱӾһ˲䳹ը
ֲ֮ԸӿµƣĥŽе
ȫԿǵɫƽۿɼٶȰȻڱġ
ÿµðԵƻ
޺Ŀ£ɫҲһ䡣
û뵽Я֧սȻǿᵽֵزĴһֹ£ȻѾýĲ١һȥ綼ᱻƣƻûн赲Ȼɾ޴ˡ
ˣĹħǵĽֵ̫ã뷴ǳ׺顣
һؽ˵
ţ֪ͨȥȫڰҲóһΣҪ֪ҹս磬ɨԪ˵
޺¶Ц֮ɫ
ҹĸ壬ս壬޷ӦսģǱΪµ壬ǳΪӹūҹħǣֻǺÿģڳУӵŸֿµսսԳʮְԵǿһ׺
ڰھһ֡
ڣһ֮£ֻҪУ龳ᱻһɱӵǿƻһ
ֻսڶҲûж٣ֻʮ𡣱Ͼҹû뵽ʱ̣ɱҹս˾޴вôܻ̫սڳڡ
ʮ𣬲಻٣պÿķӵв׵ս
һ£ȻԿǽϣһĺɫ̨ǰЩǺڰڣܿգԵ쳣䣬ͷ·𿴵ޱߵĺڰһ㣬ķһС
ڰֱӶ׼̾еĳɫۡ
иڵۣǱֱ
ҹеսô׼͸оͬޱ֣񶼾ɲǿһǿ󡣡
бܵһ˿Ϳʮڡ
ȫͨ۷쵶
һݣκγɣһ䣬Ѿ
ɫۣǿģǱģµĵ֮һͨͨĹһŴݿƻ
ɫϵͨǺꪡ
ɫǳ۷쵶


1662 ۷쵶
ɫ̺ɫأÿһ۵ضȻͬɫ۵εأɫءܹؼ嫵Ļܹ֮ǣ̫ΪԴȪƽʱܹԾʯԪķֶ
ʩչͨʱصд߶ͬҲཫʿעԪд߶Чû̫ⷽ棬ʮ䡣
ûʲôɻ䡣
һ£нʿѾʼ׼
ȻԿڳɫ۵Ĵ֮ϣȻ˸޾ĺ⣬У·ܿһƬ嫵Ļ磬磬棬һͨ屻ֵĸۻʰȻߣһھ޴ĳɫս档޾Ļ֮ӿ֡·һ̣ͻնȥء
ڰ䣬ҹɡ
飡
ڰͬʱʼ߶ʱȻƺһϵħڻصһڵڿб˲ͷ·ħһУأ޷ݵٶȣһɫۡ
ﵶپ죡
ϣһͬʱ˫ۣǰսһնȥһɣУ·ܿһ嫵Ļ磬޾𣬷һУһС
꣡
ڰ쵶˲ײһ
һҪһУһҪһСײһ𣬷·Ǳһ˲ͱµĺڣռ䶼ŤճֳԵ쳣Ŀɲ
˲
Ǻڰ⻹Ƿ쵶ڽУۿɼٶȲɢȻ˫ڿٱĵȴܿڰƺʤһһеĵϡ֮úڰڽУռһ˿ƣֻƲ
һ˸У쵶𣬺ڰѾ£ʱ׾ͱ۱Ļֵס˿ûкۣͱ𡣻ΪС
飡
ڶУȻԿһ޴ޱȵɷ쵶һֿٵصƣصնڽ֮ϡڰȴֻʮ𣬸޷ȣȥصķ쵶⣬ʮ쵶ʵʵնڽϡ
ǻ棬ǿµ¡
УʹзķͨҪ쵶ȴֻ΢ĥһЩѣûжԷ쵶̫Ӱ졣
磬˲俪ʼֻǣƾħǵĵ̣ǿе
ն
ٴηһ
죡
´Ȼ䣬һٿڷ쵶ٴۣޱȿµƣնڽϡٴοʼ񰵵ֳŤļ
ãע磬һҪס
޺һһϺȡ
ʹԥĽԪԴԴϵĹעȥ־ٶҲýϵĹâȻ䱩ǣ˲õָֻǣڷ쵶£ڿٰϱĥ
ն
ٴ³һ
꣡
쵶γ֣ڷ쵶۵˿ûκɿﵽ£ޱ͡
һնȥȻԿ磬װѺƾճ֣ңз쵶ǿƿһǽնħ֮ڡ
ۣ
ʹһɣһ񣬸ţ󵹷ɳȥڷɳȥͬʱſھһڿѪɫ·ֽһȻѾش

޺ɫʮѿû뵽綼ֵסᱻ״ơдݳֲ̫ȫܿ쵶նħУħ˲ΪһƬ𺣡
ڳա
УҶʹ㲻졣
޺һȻ仯Ϊһ⣬תͳԶߣǷ趯ƴļӿٶȣƿնȥٶ֮죬˾̾޷赲
ֻһݻлص
޵󱲣ҲҴʴʡ´ټүүһ֪
Ŀã̲סһŭ׷Ѿ
˭벻޺Ȼôûһ类ƣȻԥѡߣٶȣ뵲
ȻˣǺαصȵ´ΣȻ죬Ǿûٻȥ
һ
Ȼ䣬ԿУеӰƾճ֣̤žսһսۣ޾붼룬йâһȻԿһսС
ǹ
ǰһսҲŸ֡ɱɱս
ûаԥһǳɡɱ˲䱬
ƣ
DDȸ⣡
ڣһļȻȻɱС
һ˲䣬ɱѾΪһ⣬㻮ƳգŶ޺ߵķɱȥ
һ磬ȥͬʱֱӻΪһֻ޴ȸͨųҵȸ档󺣡ٶ֮죬˲Ϣʧεҧס޺
أҲӳȥ

ڲ֪Զľ룬һŭ־ŭջصţͿһ⣬һ߿ȸ֮ƳաǡԵ쳣Ŀɲ
޺䣡
Ȼˣû׼ȥ
ҹаħҪɱҹ콾͸Ҫɱ
۾޵У
ʿĿã׷¶֮ɫзź
еľηɼ
ȫԱ
ɨսваħһ
׵ͷƽ˵
ʱתȻ䣬һֻɫıƿǰ
ƿ̣
зһϺȡ
£ƿѾշ𣬳ڶϿգתƿڣ׼ħ֮ڡܿתгɫڽ任ƿλãƾճһУУݳ޷ݵ
ţħڣһʹʬ壬׷ױȡٳƿȥǵԽǿƿԽСԷ˵ٶСţһεΰǵС
ңֻʬҲû⡣ͳͳȡȥǳɫ£ûģҲ޷ƿ̺Ѿ鱦ĲΡǿԵס
һ̣ɲ٣ʮ򣬼ǧʬǿɽȥƿСƿ͸޵׶һš׽ħһɨա

һ䣬ƿڳɫ⽻任һųɫ棬ҡһҡͻΪ棬ƿеĶʹ귢Ĳҽ
лΪУȫȥоںһ
һĵ£ԪصϣٽƿС

䡣
ڱƿںȻݳһ
ǴС̡
öá
ƿС
ǵļֵڻΪҴ׽ʿɳϣõĵҩ
Ҳǰڴ


1663 ŭ
սǴӮ˾ͽˣ˴սϻȡ棬õô׳սսΪ˵ģֻܶ޷һ㡣ȴ
սκε˷ѡ

ҡҡһƿи֡
âһһ籦һĵҩС
ϸȥⵤҩɫǳɫͨ嶼ɢһص⣬â˸䣬ճ渡ֳһĵơϸȥһϸСĵһʮϲˡȴû¶κε㡣ͺһöصıһ
ĵƣת
ϸȥȻֳĵƣƷ״ﵽת
תѾǼΪ鵤廹Ϊױȵĺô
תҲС
йâһһ֮ǰ鵤СĵƴﵽʣתֵתߣҲ졣ı񾳣龳Īĺô
ȻһУת࣬󲿷ֶתһת֮࣬ӵöһ𣬿һʢ硣
Žʿÿնɷ
нƿЩǾнʿǳɳܶཫʿѾҪﵽͻƵıԵֻһЩ۶ѣⲿֻۣȻǲϡ
ĿֱӽЩʹɵҩľʿеĿԽӵŨֶΣ컯˵ʬܻ꣬Ϊָоʵ̫˼ˡ
ǵĵ۾ԻΪ棬䲻Ϊܡ
컯
ǺܿͱӶһա
ħҲǿǨƣ͵СֻȡһħأĶʹū
սУȻȻҪġ
ҹδ׾ʱһռŽһħ򿪡ÿһռŴ򿪺󣬶һ֧źĳɱһֺƣԾ˵ƿһħǡ
ɫ۵ͨ
ŵս
սסԴԴϵĺ¡ħеĽ磬ȺƿԿ񱩵̬ǿдݻħеսЩҹ콾ԳɽƣսĸʱǰİӵİӡţչֳԼľɡ
ͬҲвħΪǿӲֵ˵׸Ŷ̶ܵͬȵˡ
֮ܶսۡ
ƵħǴﵽʮֱͬӶʮħ뻽ħءӲҹսϵķݻһ֡ǹƻ޷ƣڶʱڣоŷ׷ռţ磬ûս̰
һγսνջķᡣ
ȻвûΪЩս֪أʼձǣһʼƶõսʮֱ׹ᴩȥҪġк̫ſֻˡ

ɡٴΡ
һͻϮУƿƳȥòսĸнʿΪ֮ȸԾ˷ܡʼĬĬ׼ͻƽΪһ
ҹսУȴǱһɿµѹϢ֡
ѹ֣
ѹ֡
һҹ֮䣬ʮħǱݻ٣ȫӶһգֻʣһƬӣصǽ壬жħܵҳҹһ˲أʣҹԣһĶ⡣
콾Ϊ֮ʧ
漴ֳģ޾ŭ
ðһУһ׵۳Ȼĸҹս˵޼ɵɱǿߣսǣ־ٶҹô
֪ͨȥöħսƲҪͣ󲿷콾ҹ콾֣սѾʼˡ
ʾħɾҹսԲңſΪǳ裬Զĥ𡣡
ҹսϣһײһ
ǿߵڽ־顣
ǵľٶѾ׽ҹŭˣ˵ҹ磬Ѿʼˣеһ棬ȴԲʲôֵø˵顣ҹʵһ֪ġ޷ġ
ҹУඥľšÿһ֧ǴʬɽѪĶսһ֧ͽɾ佨Ϊ񣬻ɱһдС׼ǲġһǴģѪȷ硣ҹУֻҪ̸ɾ޲Ǽ֡
һ»󣬶Ҫ˱ġ
֪֧ж¡
ഫɾһɱħΪɾһܾпµɱ֮սϣңɨ˷ûκ赲֧һֱءʲôطжˣδֻ֪ǹħƹܣһѪȷ硣
Ϊҹ棬ɾ֣ǱȻ
ţһɾ֣еϰȫ᲻ڣ׻ΪС
ʲôʲôɵĵġ
콾Ȼӿ¡
ҹУһŰ񵥣Ϊҹħ
Ű񵥣ҹ󶥼ǿߣϰģһѹһİĴܼǿߣȫȫɱûһˮֵġ
ħУֳַ񵥡ģȻħ¼ģȻ߳ǿߣģħһݰУ͵ģҲ֤ǿߡһݣѪ°һݰУֻҹһǿߡ
ţһϰ񵥣Ƿ·ҹеħѪһµգҫ죬âȺǡΨվȽŸҪȻȥҲͻᱻȫûκ塣
ģ콾Ҳ֮Ϊǳ콾һҹеǳܹҫһʱȻܲӱǾȫ컯
콾࣬ԲԴԴϡлԵʣȻӱ
Ѫ°ȴϡ٣ÿһλǿߡ
ֻҪǱȻΪħĴڡ
ÿһλǾء
֮ǰħսûԳֹڱչؿޣȴĴս
ȴ׼붯Щǿ߳֡
ҹ콾ֻҪǿǰУȫǲֵһᣬѹͷʲôˣչֳҹķʵ

硣
ħս
һǿ߷׷̧ۿգȻеǳȻٴμ࣬ƺսҹħĹƣõ·սҶȿʼ½ǣҹûȫֵĴ㡣һ㣬ǰԾɲһɻ󲻽⡣
ˣҹаħô£Ϊʲôƻǣսϵڼ٣һ㣬ʵ̫ˣȫ
ҹ磬ǲʲôı𡣡


1664 ɾ
ħսϵսֱ仯̫죬쵽˲òɣԲɲϾ˭޷Ԥ⵽ҹΪʲôҪôѾռϷ磬ҹķԣٶֻһ·ƹȥɨķھԵʵǰı³ֶΡ
ԣܳ־档
ƺʲôҹɾ޴Ӱ죬òЩٶ
ĪҹĳֱʣǲòطҹΪʲô
ǿ߰Գ˼ϢԵȣɵľԶϤҹĿġ
Ǵף׵۳ҹսˣ׵սҹҹ콾طΪҪΧ׵ۡǵĺԺˡòء
콾Բ²ʱͻȻ䣬һϢƾճħսϡ
ϢԾ˵ٶȿʼɢӡ
ϢûţͨѶϢһҲ֤ʵ
ģʱ䣬׵۳ľӣԼ׵۶ûгֹսʧ
Ҫô׵ҪôҵͨɱҹսֻֿܣĽͣҪȻ׵۵ʵôʱ䶼ûгֹ
ҵĹԹԣ׵ѵȥҹս˲õϢǱҹϮ׵ȴֱɱҹսǺεȵĵǣεȵĺ治֪ôǰҹսֻҪȥ׵µһСҲ֮°
ѣѣѣ׵Ҫҹսһǳ״ŭҹ콾תҹսǵĴӪռʱ˺͡ǿ߱һҵֹ۰ҹʵɲⰡ
ħսһƬȻ
ҹսĿֱӸߴųɡ϶һҹ
֪Ѫ콾޲ȥֻϧΪֹǻǲ֪еôȥģûͨҪȥǺް취ֻš
ʣϢϱ֤ʵ£ħսϵĸʿԣȫһޱܵϢͬһǿļѪ롣
ȻȥҹսǿԶħսϵҹаħ𷴻˽ҹȥĻ˵Ը׵ۼһЩѹΨһܹ顣
ǸøҹЩħһЩƣ֪Ҳǳصġ
Ծ˵ٶȿʼ档
໥̶
¹ȥ׵Ŀʼħսⷢ𹥻ǱأͻȻ䱬ǿĹ֮ҹūɱǰ죬ҹһӦʹһֱص״̬еĹȫͣǣ˭벻ͻȻַ
һ´˸ֲ
̶ʱڣսϵҹūɱױչֳս˿ոǳ׽սɨһ顣
Щֱ̫ˣȻ顣̡̣
Ҳûа취ҹսеūӦԴͷųūֲ̫ıǻ쵰׵ۣҹþ档ֱǿɶ
ЩֻϣҹսǱ߿Խ׵۳׽ֻҪܻɱǾһսҹ޷ħսȡشսƾԻɱ׵ۣǾһжֵáˣɵʲôֵáֻҪ׵ȥ
ҹ콾һǺ޲ȥ
ԽԽãԽԽá
жڴţҹǿ֣߳ɱĻ档
ΨһǣҲеټ
Ҫġ

ҹսҲ磬µ˾ۼһ
۾һͻϮٴιҹħǣȡõսΪϲˣһΣͬὫҹ׼ŭմģһҹֶΣ϶չ١ƻϮҹľֻҪˡ
ζ˵
۾ߣһܵӰ죬ǿߣҲֻ»չɱУȱǿߣУһ᲻ֶΣ뷽跨ĶԵ۾ʩչ֮۾Ƶ¶μУЩ黹Ҫ۾͡Ҫǵļơ
ҡҡȣһ˿ǵ˵
ҹУԲȱǿߣ˵ĵ̣ҪǿĶ࣬Ķࡣһ棬鷳Ȼܿ¡ңǾԲܵġ
޷֪أóȻ嶯οеĵƲ٣򲻹Ҫߣ˭סģֻҪЩǿߣܼħ֣ܲս֮ϣҪɱңס
еȻһЦƽ˵
ȴ͸¶һǿҵš
˵ʵڣҹ콾ɱһҲκε˱ܡ˭ǿ˭֪
вûд⡣
ҲڰԵȴ֮ǰľٶʵûҪƳҹһЩֶεĴڡ
Ȼȥ
һ죬ҹսϣ׵ðһѪ⣬ѪУȻԿһ֧Ѫɫħ׵ĴȻȻĳ֣֧ħϸȥ嶼ܿĵߣòͬΨһͬľŨļѪ⣬Ѫһ۾ܿȫ޾ɱ¾ġ
һɫ䣬ɷȻվʮ⣬ܸܵǵĺ⣬η־壬ѪɫħϣһֻѪɫƺħħۣԶأռġһѪɫħħѪתֳһѪۡһնУԻöѪɡʹ
֧ܿнʿȫѪɫġһۣовĲ
ΪߣȻһѪɫսУͿ࣬Ե÷ֵӣǺ⣬һ䣬¶һһϢ龳Ѿﵽ̨ǹܱ߶һ־޴ѹ
ɾͳ֮һͳߡ壬ΪѪһ塣Ĺ֡
һ֧ɾȻԿʮ֮ࡣ
ǲ࣬ǣÿһɾʿʵͨʿͣﵽ񾳡У龳ǿߡ
ʮҪսϣңǻ۳ɾĻսжǿֻؼûκ˿õǰᱻ𡣵ȻⲢɾȫ߸ͲãԸڵľ棬Ҫı
¡¡
ɾֵλãȻһսħǳǡڳ⣬ǺĲūĳħǷħУҲдɱڳѪɱ
ɾ
ĿãѪɫһɨһϺȵ

漴һ֣³һۣѪϢ
ɾκγɣһͬʱеѪɫħսնȥ


1665 
꣡
ֻһѪɫ⻮Ƴգÿһⶼǧɳһ˲䣬һƬѪ˵ͱնΣƬƬĲ˷·һնɱ
һһѪҫսʬɢķ
̫ˣɾɾˡ
ðԵɾ˵ɾУҪǾͱ뽫Ϊʵ񾳲ſԣֻ񾳲εΪܳΪɾʽԱ򣬶ֻԤ۶ѣսʸûС
ʮɾʮɡɾʵԺɨսߣɾѪһ齨ľţÿһ֮ˣ޷սһײп£ɱԡ
̫ˣɾ϶ǰеġһҪҵ׵ۣ׵Ըһ£ҹĿ־ǿ󡣡
ǳϣȻԿħǿ¶˷֮ɫɾĵȻǲʤϲɾ࣬ȴһɾԺɨսҡӲҪ˵ʮ
սϣֻףͼεūԣֱǻȺݺ֮£ԺɨķԸߴ׵ǿߣƣѹԵġ޿ƥеġ
ɨ
ɨ
ʮɾ֮һƬʬɽѪʩչͨƴɱҲûκãԱ޷ɾ˺ϵƴֻһõ̻ѡ
޷κεķˡ
ɾֺ󣬺ĳūԴͷɱȥһȷѪꡣɱ¾ǰСǵĿǡռţ
۾һ֧ҹĿģӦǿռš֧ǿ
ҡҡȣ˵
ռǳý飬һҵǿͨռֱɱġ
ɾǿֻǿһۣжǰȻÿһʿʵܴﵽ񾳵ĸ߶ȣǺεȵĿ¡ͬսϻȡѶϢҲ֪һ֧ҹɾľ
רΪж
ĴͬһĿ¡
̤ռţǷǺ£ߣҲҪſţǻҪšԲܷκηˡδػ
еȻһЦƽ˵
УǱ飬٣ǾҪѹ١ıôţΨһĵľǣ֧ɾδػ̤Ҫġ
Ȼܿеūɾǰͬϰ㣬ױѹնɱٺɨ
תۼ䣬ѾսϵĿռǰ
ȻֻǷͶӰǱ壬ͶӰʮǿɢϢһʿƻˡ
ռǰ
ɫĹţ׹һûɾ̤ȥףȴɵӣǿռţ˭֪ںͨʲôطһȥԶţ׽ͶʵǿҲ
׵У֪ܿĵõЩūһЩСѣ⣬ŪǰЦô׵۳֮һ۾ĵûаɡ
ɫվڿռǰ˵
ɫȻţһ֪ܿ⻰װף˵ġ
Уκεתֱֱȥֱ롣
۾ܳȥҪ˼
˵
ǼıҪȥ
ţǧ֮ã۾һϵգʵڲ̫⣬ҪСĽСҲȰҹսɲһ˿⡣
һ⣬
޷
һּ䣬սѾǰ
ıǼȴһһ仰һ۾óʱȻҪ֣¶ҲҪ¶档
˭
ҹսɱģԲࡣ
һ̣ɾܱߵҹʿߵһҲ׷¶ڴ֮ɫһ
֪׵ۻ᲻ǲģҹսǵսУֻ͵͵ûɱ
ʲô۾Ҳһ޵󱲡Ͳҳɾǰ˵ʵ˲ݡ
һҹʿۡ
ǵĲ룬ּ飬֮ǰԹûЧʵ˸еΡ

Ȼ򣬾ǲ̫ϣʱһӿռдݳϯεѹÿ·Ҫ̣ޱȵѹֿ¡
ܶѾоʲô
һ˫˫ĿʶĿռš
ȻԿһսѾУӿռ̤˳
սϣеӰȻȻĳǰö֮С
վսϣһǿĵѹ糱ˮϯ˿ȻȻȻη
ˣкδͽ̡
еĮĿߣ˵
ͷ·ڸһһ
ǰֻһȺСȻҪᣬ߲ͬһǿߣǿ֮䣬ӦеػҪеģһҪҹս档
ҹˡ
ս𣬽ᱻȼ
սʼ
վ˭ô
ܺã׵۹Ȼ׵ۣ֮ǰЩȷʵûʸ׵Գ棬׵۸ҹսĪûнҹ۵סҪҹóЦ˵ҹˣΪƾԺս֡δЩ̫Դˡ
Уһ˿мĮ
ΣǶҹϴһĶ⣬еǲҹԴȥġ
ڼ棬ǾҪ㡣
ҹû˱۲˵Ҫҹȼսս𣬾һᱻȼ۲;ԲϨ˭Ҫսһ㡣
еȻ˵Уһ˿ᶨ
ܺãȻˣɸһս
һȻս
ɱɱɱ
ɾͬʱϺɷ˲伤ɢεѹѪɱ
ɾҪۣЦѡǧɾ
бĿʮɾ˵

Ц
ǧҪԿʮɾֱǳ˵Ρ
ս󣡣
ûгɣһ䡣ȻԿڱͼͼУĸֳصĻ档棬һ¶һĨķâ
ˢˢˢ
һӻлڵϡǰ
һΣеȫ֣ǧ˲ǰ
ԸԳǹɨС
һźźУſȵĳ̶ֳϣʿеĿͽʥͽȫһԸΪ˷һСҲϧ
ܺãЩаħȫɱһ
׵ͷȻ˵
ǣ
ͬķ


1666 ɾVS
ܿĳЩϣս⣬ѾŨ£ƺʱ緢һֱڱչΪľǳɱеʱ̣ΪɱһеСǴڵĸĿġֻǰǵɽ𺣣ͬ˿η塣
Ǹչ¶âʱ̡
аԵͷ⣬ЩʼգûֹͣԴҩûȱٹңԴԶԶ˵κһȡԴİٱǧܵģǲ
еһŶơ
Щÿһ׶ߣߴƬâ˸һ̣ȻȻĻΪһսףսסȫ˿ûаͻĳгʣޱȣѹȻɢѹ¼󲿷鶼żѹơ
֮ǰǴħжһѪڡǿ̡
ŵǹ幦塷ΪϹһɵò֮壬ӵ֮
Щ꣬Դѻ£һͽ塷ǿľ硣
ΪԣʿתʿҲΪ൱񾳣ΪΪʿԭһսԽĽޣԽ׶սǾԳ׽綨ġ
ͼУӵױȵƣԼȡͼ֮幦ֱȻΨһΪ޷ԽУֻܴͬףҲ˵ܴﵽʲô磬ܴﵽʲô߶ȡ
Ǽ֮һ
޷Խ˵ľ硣
ȻֻҪ㹻ǿȻԲԵĳɳ̫Ӱ졣
ʱսɳѡ
УŵһŵƣǧѹһУɨķǿ֮һһֱû¶
һΣȴûıҪ
ɾֻҪһ֧ҹҹһʹ
ɱ
һ˸޾ս⡣ڳʱѾս󲢲ӣֻսΪСţСս໥ӦΪս
һ˲ͻΪһ壬Ӧ·һ̾ᡣѪ緢
Ȼе׵ĲΣһ׵ۣȻؼ䣬ΨеصһˡͬΪףɾȻ
ɫһ䣬ǰǧ¶һĨȣ漴ͱȻȡԼɾԺɨأһСҡԲһ֧ǧ
ңһսɱ⡣
жѾվˣǰڳƣҪǲӦսҹӲҪ׷ֻ
˾ٶҲ⡣
ɱЩҹһ档
ΣûвӦսĵ
ɾ󣡣
Ҳûгɣ֣һϺȡ
䣡
ɾǰ̤ÿһ̤ܸܵϵ˲䱩ǴµɷͷϿգγһƬѪ⣬·Ѫ졣
ɾȻ
εѾ໥ײ档
û뵽׵۾Ȼĸҳ֣ӵһ֧˿µĵã֮ǰûж֧ȻֻǳǸ͵ֵסᱻ״ݻ١
ɾʮ򣬵ֻǧϣһ걬׵ۣôЩʤ㣬׵۲ܿΪʲôҪôĪʲô̡
һսԲ䡣¹ҹ棬ζҪһ
ҹһ¶ڴ֮ɫ̫ҪһʤʿˡҪȻôȥ˭֪Ӱ졣ʿĴġ
۾оȻһ֧ǿǧѾκһ֧ţֻ֪֧ʵΡֵܲܵס֧ɾ
ڿռźλʿ׷¶ȣȻ飬¶֪صĿν
ģûаյ顣Ȼ֮ݣǾͱȻвСİաһս˭ʤ˭һ˭֪
Ҳһ˵
ĿԴɡռ۾ɽˣɱȫݡҲͷ˵
ɾѪ£ɱɱɱ
ɾУһϺ֮
ϣ
һڿѪħϣչֳ޾â
սսս
һ췢Ϻȡ
飡
ǰ̤ȥͬʱȻԿۿɼٶȷǣϵսҲŲϷŴգۼ䣬һʹﵽǧɸߴ󣬿һˡһѪھеѪƶ忪顣
еǹ˲仯Ϊǧɳ·֮µѹ糱ˮϯ·ѹķ
һɫսףÿһƬƬ˸Żɫģųɱɾǰһ̤һ̤һƹӽ´ݳȥءţ𶯣һ֮ӵ±ֲĳҪɾֱ𷭣
ۣ
󣬾һ˸Żƹĵش̴ӵðÿһޱȣ֮ѷɫ㣬ɾϯȥгǹһɨɨǧɾ
ֹ˲Ϣƻɽѡ
ÿһ߽龳εǿսͶ䣬ɻԵѡ
ʿȻʿ
ǿһѾⲢʿķأս壬ս壬Ϊøǿ󡣶սо޴
еУɱʿֱѲһֵˡңǰӵеս壬ԾͲͨս塣
塣
ɾܹķɨ죬պգȻǷ֮
ĹһЩðĵش̣ǿնϡʳƬ
ȣ
һϺУȻԿЩɾʿۿɼٶȷͣ͵ͬʱܱߺѪ׷ʧƺɾɵΪһ֡
գۼ䣬ͻΪͬǧɾ޴ѪˡѪɱ
ɱ
ɾ˲ײһ𣬶ʱͿҵɱѾʼչ
ɾĵܿ£һɣڵУ·ܿʬɽѪһȥɷǣңڶʱȻѪңѪȻʩչǲͬĵƣ·˲ˣͬʱԼ𹥻ָоʮֿ¡
ɾеĶ⵶ǧѪħ
ÿնһ·һһ۳һ⣬ܵƿأԦͬһֻ֣һ𹥻ϣնһǧǾһǧ֡


1667 
ϵļޡûܹ˭˵ΪÿһѪɼѹһ۵Ѫ࣬޷ƿءɱѹȱ⳹顣Ȼɺʣŵħ
ͬϬ£ǿޱȡ
Уһڿڿµ
һȥȴʮսͬʱϯͬΧ־棬Ȼ֪ܵѹޱȾ޴󣬿ǿֲԣɾֻʮҪսԿʮϰȻɾĿֲҲһĿȻ
ս
ȻܿûжԴκεη壬ĿϯѪɫħ۾գûգһ£ЩѪ˿ûж˼̧ǹһǹֱĳһɾʿȥ
꣡
һǹ磬·һ޴Ļɫ⻮Ƴգ˲ͳɾǰ
Ȼ㣬Ҫʯ٣Ϊһ㡣
ɾʿĿã¶׺֮ɫһ۾ͿҪ˻ˣಫȫûаתأִ򷨣׺ֻȴû˱ܣɾɳûηǶԣΨһĿģɱУɱǰһеˡΪˣǸĴҲϧ
οɾµľ˻ˣ
Ѫ۳Ѫħ壬ˣҲѪ֮£ٻָֻҪ޷һɱصһ׿Ըָ
ǲηսԭ֮һ
ۣ

һ˲䣬ȻԿǹѾĶؿڲһ޴ĶڣѪϣȻԿϵսףȻĸֳ޾⣬Ĳ˸ȻʼռᶨĵѪǰѪķâȫ·նһɽһ
ܿĳĻǣȴ޷ƿ۵ķ·ݺ
áǿ
ʿĿã¶Ȼ֮ɫôţԼѪȻЩķƲȻᱻϵ۸סԼȴһǹֽȻͬĽ׵ʿжô£ôǿᡣֱǿᵽԸӡ
˿̣û˿ĳɣûֵͣĴ㣬۷־ͽɾǹһ飬ȻԿڳǹϵƬ׷׵ת絹һһ֮£ص֮֮
飡
һѪħ壬ô˺ѣ񱻽ѹһ˺һϸСƬѪȻȻɢȥ
ǹ֮
һ˳һ棬ء
һУ־Ҫõ֮Ѫ⣬궼ҽ顣ɼԵǿᡣ
ǿ治
һ棬ͿǧɾӲ¡ڷأЩûзصĴ㡣
ԺУȫֻһͷ
Ǿǡٽ
κεǰһУҪ˺顣
ǹµаħû¸Ļᣬȥ䡣
ǹǹУչ¶ΰÿһжǰԵףײּ䣬κ赲磬ÿһ̺µǹ⡣ҡ

ɾĿñɱǧͬսѣһŭӵǿңҲڵһʱ׵ʵȷʵܿ£ȻԽɾǿкɱʣսϣռݾԵơţɾѾʼת䡣
һѪӿ֣ɾʿۿɼٶȿʼڻȻ˲Ϣ䣬ΪһƬѪƬѪʮֵİ޴һ֣գְ˷
ɾѪ٣
ѪѪ顣
ûаɣѪڸֵһ˲䣬Ѿǧ׾ѪУѪУѪ죬һɹѪھҷӿǻ۳ɵѪˣԿǲѪˮһڿɲѪһ֣ɽĳϯȥҪЩûǽʳƬ

ѪЩϣͿ棬ҵĻǣƺնϷļνǴĿġʿѪһҲҪΪһ̯ѪˮѪûκεĲࡣȴͬ죬Ѫ޿ײ룬ȷʵһۣȫ᲻ɴݡ
ңѪеı仯ǲ⣬ͻȻֳ޴ѪɫУӲ֮˽ȥУǲ˵Ѫת֮նϣƺҪƬ˺ǿз顣ֱûѪףޱѪ֮ѹȥҪ
꣡
ܿѪ׵УһѪϴƬ͸ɼѪѹǶôĿֲҲ޷׵ֵ
ңƺоЧ
һȺ󱻾Ѫ֮ڡѪ֮ǿѹҪȫɵһ
Ѫʮɾ۶ɡһʩѹȥ֪жôĿֲԴݻһС

ȻѪ֮ѹʱȻԿЩڣƺһų⣬ķ֡
࣡࣡
ʱһɾе𾪵ľˡ
ֻЩͻȻſ˴ڣڴڵĶܵѪˮȥһɹѪˮôǿб̽ңЩĶӾ͸޵׶һǴȥûнԴԴϵš
ɣͿϵԽӵŨۿɼٶѪڿܸܵٶȣ
ЩȻѪ
쵰ѪеѪˮǵ̺ǵɱ⣬ÿһζɱȥܽ飬ôô
ЩʲôȻѪˮˣҸоЩѪˮʧˡǾȻѪȫûнǷ۵ס
ѪУɾ־ʱŭһѪѪǾںǵѪܲŭ
֪ǡ塷幦ʮְԵһڿ·¯ԽԴΪ֮Ѫ׳
˿̣õľѪˮеľ˲ͱľ޴ɳϡ
ǧͬʱʼɣǧɵȫ˲Ѫγǧ޴ѪɫСˮȥʧ
漫ײС
ÿ䣬ɾ
ãɢѪ١ҪȻȫҪ𡣡
ѪܸܵһʶڱټȥȫҪȻȦڡ


1668 ʥ
̣
ϣѪˮ̣ſѪڣдݳ޾ÿ䣬кѪˮɣǿ̡õĳɳҪ֪ǿڻ绯İ޽ɡ
飡
Ѫһ̳ը
һѪȻԿɾޱǱ³սϣֻѾ״ֻʣ²һɾ˺ʣӲȥ
ϵϢȻܿѾ䣬ӸߴϵѪøʢǿᣬȻʵвСջ񣬵õ
ôɾȻʧ˲ء
ʮɾȻֱһųɣǧܹôܡ
ܣһΡɾȻʧ˲أһֱشָʮ񾳲εɾÿһǾԵľ񡣷κεطǳ͡Խ׶սġȻ֮ࡣ
ҵ죬ǧȻûˣôܣɾʲôܹǲܷ漣ǲ˼顣
ܱߵҹʿһ¶֮ɫ
ľ󣬳ǵ
֮ǰѪе׷ʲôΪֹǶѪڵ£ͿκȴЩ޷Ϥš
ʮǧȻ˲ҰܣǺεȵĲ˼顣
۾ĵȻͬһǿ󡣡
һۣܿһ˿𾪡
˭û뵽Լǿᵽ˳̶ȣʣһ֧ߣǧڸ֮أҲɱ߽߳ɨ޵Сɣеĵ֮һǶ֪
أȴ
ΪҪԴԴϵĵƣֻܱǰȫڹؼʱ̣ԷΪʤתս֡Ҫġ
Ϊûκδ
е˼ӵĵѹָǰҹսЩҪҹУδЩ̫ΪɾʿǰװôĿãȻԼɾ¾еŭû¶˿⣬Խӵı䣬ɢϢӿ¡
ɾѪΪѪɣ
ЦŷһϺȣܸܵһ־Ȼһʯ٣нĿ־
ɾɱɱɱ
вɾͬʱһĨȻѪתһϺȣϣѪ˸Ȼһֱ̣ӻΪһѪѪϣѪǣһ룬Ѿǧƿնȥ
Ѫսϴ
֮۶޷׽쵽۷塣
ңһ˲䣬Ѿǰ
ɱ
׼붼룬ǹҪصЩѪײ˲䣬֣ЩѪ·õĻӰһֱӴǹϴȥ˲ϣңϵս׾ȻûжЩѪ赲ıѪڡһڿѪȺǧڡ
ɾʯٵһУѪɣֱһ׼ȼգΪѪɫɵͬħħʵת䣬׵Ĵһ谭ĿڣնֵԪꡣѪһ񣬲ɱ֣ѪǲģһԷ䣬ɾѪҲһɾֶΡнƲҲ֧Ȼɾȵֵز
ҹʿ̲סһѾ׵ЩѪô¡
Ѫһǲݡ
ңڻɾѪҺΪѪһ˲ͱҪܣȻڣͳŵĻնȥҪɱն𣬲ϧһеҪﵽĿġܶڶֹһɵͷƤ顣ĵ㺮
Ҳһ˲ţȻҪעڣѹѪѪӿ

Ŀã΢΢üһ䣬ԥĽȫջڣ³ڻ绯УһɹȻڣѹѪĥѪ
Ǵսʿѡľڼʱÿһ޷ʹ࣬ʹ࣬Ѿͳļǿ־־ǲɴݻٵġʱͬҪޱȼᶨ־ʣ־͵ѱݻٵĵز
Ҫն꣬ס˭븶㹻Ĵۡ
ԣʱڣ²ܶãҲԲ׳ʲô⣬ֵܵһ
ΣһսνǴȫʤɾעȫֻҪڵѪǾѪ׬ûʧӵĺôջ
ܺãԽ͸Ӳܻ뿪ҹսɾ˾޴׵ǵһ㣬׼ȥô
߱˵
УɱⶼǺڵչ¶
ɾˣͳ޶ãҪʲôûУԺôȻǾԲܵġ֣һҪ֣ӣҪѪһ
ͳϢŭᣬøСΡ׵ۿɲңܴ
׼ʱͻȻ䣬ֻһԶٲȻһƬɫԶһʹգֳܿ߶չա·ӵɳ𶯼䣬ͻΪƿնٶ֮죬Թ
쵽۷塣
ϵĺɫᣬκһ·ڵħŷâ˸ŽĹʮֵˣܱߵĿռ䶼ֳŤļħƽǹ졣
µڻۡ
ʹһͷǱѰһڵĶʹսףһںɫսոջߣһ룬Ѿսϣһ֣ȻȻһεѹ糱ˮϯǵأҪѹһС޴ڵգһӣ춼ˡ
°ϵ콾ʹеʥӣʥӡ
ȻҲˣǿߣײ磬׼Ž߾磬۵̣ΪøǿŬԽ׶ս˵·Էˮô򵥡ǰʥܳ콾֤ħǱй龳նɱ̨ս
ðȻ׵̫ţڻŭЩҹսϣǾͿ϶ҪԳֳ֣ʤֳ֪׵ȣǿ
Ƕʥӵҹ콾Ҳһ˷ܡĸֶԾ
֣޻ڡ
ɼʵֶκεȵĳ
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ʥӵִսУϻûУͻȻһǰһȣʱճ𵴣ڹⱬ޾ӿΪֲķ籩ˮѹ֮ܿһж顣


1669 
ڰ
޾ĺڰ籩ϯ
ʥȻ˵ʲôһֱӶֵ֣ܶģҲûзϻĴ㣬˵ٶ࣬޷Ǿһ仰ʤΪ߿ܡǿ߾ǵߣֻѡһд֮ۡ䣬ûתأǺϻ
źݻû塣
һ֣ɱС
ܸоڰ籩̺龳ȥҲܱѹɱķΧʮֺ嫣ʮֿ񱩡
սչ¶
ڰУ籩ӣޱȵĿ񱩡
Իؽɢڰգ
վھսϣһ˿أַ䣬ߵһ£ƺӿ֣һһ³һ
ͨԣ
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¼䣬ʱͿǰȻų޾ĹǹâУ̺һʥ嫵ĸо·һɲǼ䣬ѾΪ׹⣬糱ˮɢĹաҫء
֮Ҫɢһкڰ
·һƬ֮
գۼ䣬ǿµĺڰ籩ײһ𣬹ڰڰҪ𣬹ȴҪڰɢֻǣǿ¡ڰУһڿڵսն֮Уͬһڿڰɫʥսײһ໥ѹ纣
˴Ŀġ
˾̾ѡ
꣡
ܿսϣ鲼ѺۣƺضҪײгѿ˺ѳһѷ졣
ڰ籩֮ԴԴϵĽ档
սϣǵʬ׻Ϊ촷ۡʳޡڰʴ񱩣ӵ¡ľƺޱߡգһƾеսϡ
ǿȻҹǿߡ̨ɱ̨ͬСɡ
һĨɫԺһͷ
Ǹҹ콾ԣǿᣬһԿΪ·Ǵ˵еĵ۵ͨԳ棬ܿ¡
ʥйâ˸Ҳһͷ
ոյĺڰ籩ֻ̽ʵĳ̶ֳϣͬɱС˵龳ǵ̨Ҳ޷ֵڰ籩֣ת۾ͻᱻڰʴ׻Ϊꡣ궼ѲˣȻΪūͣΪʹ
ǿߣһ㣬ǾǿԽ׶սս̨ǿԿ⣬Ҫӵпնɱ̨ǿߵʵԵ̨֮ϵǿߣ㲻ܻʤҲԵֵһЩǾ㲻콾
һν֣ʣѾףһνս
ܺãսľ
ʥȴ¶һĨЦ⣬ҪǿߣûȤ֣콾еİͬײε콾Ǿǽսʲôֵ˷ܵġı䣬޷Ǵľϲһսֻ˷ʱ侫ޱҪԡ
£ȴûκγɣһ䣬ȻԿһϣһɫʹ֮˲䱬޾Ķ佣⣬ΪһµĽ򣬿ٳϯȥ֮£һи֡·һƬϯ
Ҫгڡ
תǬ
ɫƽûһٴηһ
£һεΰ޷ΰ־֡
֮ͿƬûУͻȻ䣬н棬ȫתƾճŶʥϯȥ̺ȴ˿ûаͻ֮£ΣǿҡΪڽ֮У̺ŽԵ־ýӿ¡
ϯԶʥӶСвĸо֡
ñʥӵͨңֱдƾЩ˵˱ʥӡ
ʥĿãϺѿʣǶһ裬Լоܵǿҵ衣ɫ䣬ֳ޾⣬Ƭס֮»Ϊһᣬٷص֮ϣ˲λ
ͬʱ׵нԵУֻͨ¶ʲô̫á׾ٵתâԼ
ֽʿΪ֮ͷʹΡκηֺ
Ȼʥ֮ǰѾЩ̽ҲĸܵеӦ֮ʵѾӵУֻҪʩչͨǽԣҲ̫в
ɱ
ʥסսһڣĶսΪƷ֮ߣѾﵽ鱦Σһڶħܿϣƺڵ棬·꣬ʹİޱߵʹ࣬ϯЩϵԹޣŭޱߵҵ
ȫΪһڵĻŽһۿޱߵĿ־塣
ܵеĿֲ
̺ɾнؼ꣬ۼԽ࣬ԽǿԽӵĿֲ棬ϵ֮һմȾؽۻȼ壬ԶʥӵʵħУֹн̺꣬ԽƬػΪޱߵ硣
飡
ʥڰУһȣʱͬһ㻮Ƴաֱĳйɱ
׹
Ŀãһʱ³һ
ˢ
սϿգһǹһö޴ǴŶʥӵͷȥӲǰеĹ켣ϡ·Ѿ׽һҪǺ޿ܡ
꣡
ȻǣʥӺĻսһն޴ǣȻʹбһ롣ҵĻ棬ûж˺ٶֻ΢΢ѡǿħ̫̫¡
ƺ޼᲻ݡ
նһС
籩
м˵
£һɷ籩֣֮籩еĩս٣ҪʥӾȥǵ̨ڣܵشܶˡ
ɶʥӺӲһնڵĽ⾹Ȼǿн籩ƿͻϮ

漴һٴ³
˲Ϣ䣬޾Ĺ֮ų֣һΪһɫ鲼գһ֣ͳŶʥӲȥʣһҪסԲʲôҪ顣
ҵĹ֮ڶʹһ˵żǿѹơ
е°ܽڰؽ೤档
ʥЦŻӳħУһǿնϡ
ҲĽŲ
һ̣ʥѾǰ
ҵì޼᲻ݣﲻơ
ĿãûټڣйâһìѾС

¾սУ߿˲䶯սڰз棬ͭɫսìѾƳգԵì⣬ֱӽ˷žȻһָƿĿ־

ħսìײһ


1670 
飡
ì⼤ҽ棬ÿһ־ڷײҪԷѹĥһ־ĽһҪںڰ֮УһҪ춼ƣʯ٣޵СΪ񱩵⡣κһ˿ѹһ𶥼ǿߡµĺۼʿ˵ǶһĪĻԵì⽣ʥء
ֻкͶʥ֮һССĽѡ
ײһ˲䣬ܿ˲䱬ս
ͬʱܿսٴķһδη棬սϣÿγ棬սìڵһʱʥӷһÿһԻأɽӡʥӵٶȸ൱£ֻ΢΢𶯣ͿԱֲٶȡ
ٶ֮죬ھս֮¡
˵սһʼͳУսķΧǸܱս
ǽٶ֮죬ӦӲϾ
ܶʿȥ˵Ԫ޷ϡǿпȥһоͷۻܵҪѪʹȥ
ۣ
ҪѪдʿǿйۿ£˲Ѫɣɫͱò԰ֽʮֿɲ
ÿ£ֲܿոҸоԺз·ܵҵĳ궼Ҫ飬̫£ȻۿǿߵĶԾһ̫࣬ǿһۣεĵѹԵĴĴ޴ǵֵסͻܵش
ãܹϼۣĲɱٶ֮죬޷׽ǻתļʱһѪȻɾ޴ˣƣǵˡ˵Ĵṳ̂һ߶ȣܵӰ졣
ѹдԣǿߵĽսΪﵽһ߶ȣҪ׿ҪôͨˣҪôĶǿߣͨ˲ܵˣǿ߸ԴдͨеĵϷˣǿйۿֻܵˣĵˣҪֲʵ̫ˡҪܵˣȻʧء
ҹʿɫѿǷûڵģҲ¶֮ɫġ
ȻڹսУ̶ܵͬȵˡ
սһܹۿģĳķʽ磬ͨǿıۿֹۿ޷ֱ׵ĸܵеĵ
ͺñںеǣۿһ鶼ûУʵǸۻֻܿսɢĵ޷ᵽ͸ܵ˵Ŀԡ
һΣ֪սʿܵ˵ش
ֱ治ǿΨеȵ֪֮һУֻܵȴԵ۾ʵʥҪѷɫʤļʲ͡ҪԵ۾㹻ġ
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Ŀȴ˿ûдӰ뿪ǲеĵ仯ֻǹۿҲܴлȡֺôõ޴򡣾ĺô
һܡ
¶Ȼ˵ü¶һĨɷ
飡
Կ죬˽ֵٶʵ̫죬䣬໥ѾٴǧΣսսìϽ棬ÿһ۷壬ս¯࣬ȫɱ¾еļաʬɽѪġȻ൱Ŀ¡
ڽУһ˿Σһ˲䣬ֳܷ
ΪΪԽߣʱãʵںܶʱ򣬶ǰһ̻̽ƾУҪǿ̽Էκһ˿һ˲䣬ʩɱ֡һȻǸգӵĿ¡
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ʱпֳܷʤ
ȻǶʥӻж
ǿһ·󺣣ĶԴȪ֮ۡնȻԶ۰򡣡ڼսУҲԶʥ˸˽⡣
ҪĲ֣Ȼ㣬Ҳǿһ㣬̺лصܡûжԶƻǸӿֲҪնϣ졣
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ɱ
оһһεײʱ³һɱìײһһ˲䣬սìУһɺ嫵׵ı֮֮ǰֹһͬɽ麣Хһ¾ͽӲ԰пӿֳǿֻ£һܽɳȥ
ʥ̲ס˳ȥϻҪȶ
ն񵶡
һ̣ʥͫһǰȻһڽɫɵƾճ֡޾ţƺܸо޾ǻ֮⣬ڷɵϣȻüۡǻġУǻ纣·ܶϤһСȴû˿ĺ̻֮ܲ
ʥӾԲΪǺ˺ͨɵҹе˽⣬ԲκѷɫǸ࣬ͼʶն񵶵ĿΪֹȻ֪ܲңںܶ콾ԣն񵶣һСģͻв
ӲҪ˵ڵնǿںǻ֮ѾΪ鱦Ŀͨʵ֮䣬â޾
ңһΣսìǿб޷ȫƿصʱ̡
ʱİգ۷塣
Ǳ˲
ԣڷɵʱʥ͸оĺð˳·ǱµĶ߸ޱ
鶼ûа취ܿնڷɵϵ
ɱС
һ㲻ͱȻǸ֡
꣡
ն񵶿磬Բ˼ٶȳڶʥǰڲϣѸһȦ漴һɫѪƾճڲϣһ룬ͷ­շ𡣵ǣвûѪһ̣ʬ壬ͷ­ͳͳʼ飬׻ΪޡʥӵӰƾճھս
һն
һӳ޾֮ȼգµİƾճ֣ð֮ϣͻȻ佣Ⱪǡͬһѹ

вûио⣬ڷնµٱѾףȻܹ֮õ֮նһǼֵ˿ͬҲо⡣
飡
ּ䣬һֻǴѾ˳ȥ
һңŤѺۣƺһ̾ͻ᳹ױ飬ռ粣ʮֵɲһͬʥӵĹǿнضϡ
ܺã׵۲ʸñʥʸʶ
ʥӳǰУȴ¶һ˿˷֮ɫƾеĶɱһֵ˵飬ڵѪҺѾʼڡ
ΪѹǿС۷塣
ʥûгɡ
¼䣬ȻԿǰһڵƾճ֣һۿȥͷͬСɡϸȥ·һڵɡ


1671 ײ
ʹᣬԣֻǶʹĶ֮𣬻дݣᡣϢ鱦ңһ鱦ڶʥӵıħǿǳǿ󡣡
иܵۿٳŶп̽ȥԱɢħ⣬۶ԶϤ֪жôǿ
ǿ̽һЩѶϢ
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ж٣ֻ³˶ʥ⣬û˿Էֱĳ
۳һأңȻɣƷûһ˿覴ã¡һᣬŷâˣȥ˲ͻᱻᶴɱһ⡣Ҳ̶áЩᣬγһڿڷâ޾ս
ʵϣҲȷʵˡ
ܳΪʥӵıħȻô򵥵ġ
һʼֻһ챦ֻһŲ衣мǿĿԣԸκһңУӦ취ֲ裬ݴ˵ǿ֮Իħйɣ޷죬
ʥӵõϲ񣬿ʼռᣬʼռǿᣬ뵽УգһںϡĶⷨ
ŷνרӦЩĽơԻΪģں޾ᣬЩ᱾ıԴǾкڰ֮ںϡЩᣬոԵıԴԣĻһͨ
ⷨУľе֡
޷࣬û󡣵޷
һ߷£νǧ򻯣ֲ
ѾǷǴӷɱ䵽ٴӱɱҲ֮Ϊԭȵģȴ췭ظɱ䡣
ңֻҪڶϣһʵʮϵͨսѪУܵ޴
ϣʥӸоԼ·һħѹķһУƿָоʮʣǿʱ̡
ʥӶ֮ϣաķܱһУΪƿأطϣƿأ·ͬһ㡣
𣬿졣
ʥǰץȻԿһӶշɳңڵһʱͻһգۼ䣬ΪһɫȡϣȻճħơ
䣡
סȣ׼кһ˳ȥ
ʱһڵħ·ˮϯħܿ£Ϊħ棬ںŸָĻ汾ԴܸоǵϢܸܵǷ磬ˮʯͷȵʣܱȼգۼ䣬ƬսֱӻΪгҽݳҵϢ
ָݽ֡
ˣȸӥȵȣһ϶ɢϢдŶ֮⣬ɱʣЩдֲɱ
ÿһɢϢȻȵ̨ѷɫԵʮֿ¡
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ĿãͫкһзһЦ
¼䣬Ȼ䣬ֻһɫս˲֡ף죬սϣףںȻѣ䣬һŭӲս̤˳סս죬ۼ䣬ҡս졣սЩɱȥ
ħײ·һ㣬ӵĿ񱩿¡Ƭ򣬻Ϊ𺣡

ϣһٷɳۿɼٶٻۣΪһڵϣƺָܸܵУױȵĻϡգԴԴϵ£ÿʱÿ̶ڱǣգۼ䣬Ѿﵽɣ֮ͬ
Զħ·̺ؼһȴƿأǴϳģһ塣˿̳֣Ÿӵ
ÿһУ·ܿһĶռ䡣лռ䣬ռ䣬о綾ռ䡣Щռ䣬Ƕ죬һ壬˲Ϣ䣬ѾԵɱ䡣һѹһУѹĿռŤǻ棬ǿɲ
һȻÿһᶼһռ䡣佫ݱСǧ磬ǧ磬ѹأҡһѹ˿ɵؽ顣Щᣬֹ
Ҳǰ𺳡ֱ̺ģΪ棬ɿһٶֻ࣬Ӱ쵽ĳɳҪķѵԴʵ޷ÿһǶҪԴģЩռ䣬ֹ򰡡
ж٣һʱ䶼塣
ңܴᶴռУƺʹİϵȻʹ࣬ǲ޾ĥ
֮ʹĥ־֮ΪԴԴϵԴȪ졣׳ռ䣬ħ˶ֶֹ꣬ΣǲֶΡ
һѾ²ʥΪʲôҼ˶Ķռ䣬Ҫɾħ̣޾һɽ麣Х
Ұ֮󣬳ҪŶɳɽ˳ɾħ񣬸
Ϊн𣬳ɾͱʥӣҵʱߣħبų档ʥ˿ûκɾⱾûκδҹУ
׵ۣ
ʥЦ˵
һ䣬ȻԿ޴Ķħ΢΢һȣ޴ĶѾǰ㻮ƳգֱĳλãֱײȥһײҪײһء
ԣ˭ǵ̨ǰһײһҪײķѣ
⣬ػˮ粻ӿ֣֮糱
ܺãҪײǱ۾ײ˭ǿ
Ŀãӿֳһǿҵս⣬һ䣬ķһϺȣ
ˢ
ɫ˸ȻԿѾﵽʮһĺƾճͷͷϸֳһƬƣڷ⡣ɫ纣
ҪײǾײĶǿǱ۵ĺǿײȥ
жȻһȡ
һ䣬ʱͿһ˲ѾȻ󣬻Ϊǧɸߣͨ˸һѾŶײȥ


1672 
¡¡
һײͬײײ˲䣬޾˲䱬ֲһʱͽܱߵײŤǳ׳ѷ죬ۿɼٶȱ飬նˣܱգֳһƬľ
ǻ棬ʿһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ʲôաȻˡ
ҹսϵձʮǿǵ̨εǿȫ֣Ҳ飬ִľ󣬶໥ײ£ȻԽմơǶô¡
ҵ죬ǿôʥıħȻǿᵽ˵زȻ˵УʥΪռ˺ĶʹᣬħУкУٳһħÿʱÿ̶дΪħ˵񿪱ٳĶħ֮࣬Ѿʮ֮ࡣж٣˭
ô£ѵ׵۵ıȻײ󣬻û·磬ǿĺǿƺûڱǰռˣʮħһײ̨ᱻײ콾еڡ
ʿʱһȻ
ҹ֮Уܶ콾֪ģΪ֪žеĿֲ֮һҡѹ˻ġɺȴֵܵסֱ̫˾ˡ
ؼǣⱦͬȻʮһ㡣ڱУǾ޽е⡣
Ƕںռ䣬ɿٶ죬ڲǬĪǣⱦУٳʮһռ䣬ԣǿٳռ䣬һǶռ䣬ĪСǧ磬ǧ硣ҵ죬Ҫô׵ôԴǲҪ˰ɡ
ҹ콾Ժһ⣬һͷ
ֲ²ģǾԳ󡣱ϾռǾԿⲻ˶ģСǧ磬δؿԣмĿǧ磬ڴǧ磬ǾԲܣҪǧ磬ѹͻҹսϣֵܹס
ȻᱻɨĽ
ܾ൱Ŀֲˡ
ԣ²⣬ڿռ䣬žǧĲΣʮһǧ磬޷Ŀֲ
ȣǺѷɫֲϾռǧȣȫ֮ƷϣԴϵĲࡣ
һȻܵסʥӵĶˣԶԶһβУǾΣΣʮΣٴΡı֧ŵʲôʱҪ߶ıΪ֧ŵסΡ
ʥɫôÿ
Ҳûη壬ֻû뵽лк磬Ȼǿ󵽿ײ·ĵز
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ɾǿƣǾǣԼĶҪȫɶħе֧ţǿṩԴԴϵ֮Ϊǿ߶һδαǿƻֻҪ֧ȥǺģҲҪиԲ֧ŵʱĴս

ʥӺķϺȡ
һ䣬֮ٴοʼ񶯣֮µľٶȡǰٴײԵ൱Ŀ¡
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пԥӦ
Ȼ¶Ǿû׼ʹưոݡ
飡
һҺУٴײһ𡣿ֲನٴսƬձ飬ڴ˿̣ͻȻ䣬ײսУ׵ĳһ޴ĿռšһռƾճǳϿաֺ󣬵һʱ򿪣漴һɺ嫰Ļ֮糱ˮϯǳкȥ
ã򿪽ƽ磬׵ۣȻÿռŽսеĻ֮ŲƵǳС켶鱦ˣνδܵס
һУȻ˵ĺҪǳǰȫһ档̫ˣʵ̫ˣսȫΪƻġ
ҹʿ̧ۿռţеǸεѡһεĿ־ȻϡⱻռǣģȫǺȫһನܱ޷ƻ
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ֲڽƽϣͿǵۿɼٶ˲䰵ȥţͳױ𣬿ֲڳУʱĲҽӿ֣ǳǳױ֡ٱ𡣽һ޴ǳǣѾ̼䣬״ݻ٣Ϊ档
еĻħأҲݻ١
֮أѵģָ󲿷ʬû£Ѿ׽
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Ȼֽš
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ȫû뵽л顣ֵͬʱȻ飬ŲƵǳУһٽǳǸ״ݻ٣Ϊ档
û

Цǰ̤һ䣬Ȼں·֮ۡ¼䣬ȶʥӳ֣ѾٴƿգŶʥײȥ
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ϣ糱ʮһǧ֮ױڱ˲䣬ʮһͬһ̣ǿӳڱϣñȻ䱩һ
һǣνսַԵת䡣
һײ֮£Ȼһαǿбɳȥ·оһ޿ƥеϡɣɢĹâʮְ
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ʥӶϵɫѿһʣԳԤ֮⡣ȻǿֲΣѾ̺̣޷
пûиӦĻᡣ
Ȼ֮Ի죬Ǳǧ磬ѾѹһУȶҪѷɫң⻹ȫֻҪԸ⣬еĿÿһ鱦ȫԼӳֱñ˲䱩һǿս
ֻ֮Ļ
ԣһжֵõġ
ʮһ鱦һƲɵ޼᲻ݡ
¡¡
ûаɣײĵɳȥٴαȥصײϣڿµռУһαײĵɳȥϵĹâӰƺܿħУײ˲䣬Ӳ𡣳顣
¡¡
һΣ
Σ
Σ

˲Ϣ䣬ײ˲߰˴ΡϵĹâ㡣
ÿײȻ곹ױǻ棬ֲ

һεײʥ¶ŭ֮ɫŭ


1673 ʥ 
һδײ£ɢĹâ겻ϱ飬öħת˲־޴Ҳûа취ֵײ£ȻԿ飬Ϊᣬ˷ɳȥɢսʥҲһɲǼ䡣ײķѡ
ڿ񱩵£
κֶͨΣڴ˿̣ǲ԰׵ģġ
ʲôһ򷨡һ򷨡
ھԵǰκͨôǶʥӱʵǿ츳Կ̨ǿǸǿڴ˿̣ȴɸо
ϯģµĻ֮֮һУһСһ̣ͳͳ·ô
׵ۣҹ֮е㣬£ұؽҹٴһ
ʥɫ쳣ѿѾĸоҲܴѣʱûͨʿһʧ룬ǳƽĿֱӶУ˵
Ȼɱ⣬һеĹޡ
ҹٴ
£ֻҪҹľ£ֻһȫµĿʼ
ˢ
֪УʥױڳɢʱڣһڹƾжߣǴƬռ䣬֮Ҳ޷赲ڹȥǵâڵޱȴ⡣ܱܽߵĹ߶ɽȥ˲ʧȥ١
ʥӾȻȻˡ
ôܣողǻƾôôһ¾ͷ˾޴ת䣬תҲ̫ˣսôһ˲ֳܷκһ˿ʥӦûһǻΪҹȥ١
ǰ˵ֻҪʵܹﵽΣõҹӵ죬ƽʱû飬һΣԱס겻ٴתֻҪԵֻҪٹһʱ䣬ٴεؼĴ̨ո¶ͷǣķ
ϧϧҹһǿ߰Ȼôˡ׵ۣǸӦǧаɶ񣬿ɶ
ҹʿɫ䣬ĿöʥӾȻ򵽷ǣĵزһеĸдȻǿ֪ӣһĸӡ
ǵڹ󡣺ܶ콾е¶Ľ֮ɫ
ҹ֮⡣ֻ콾ʸӵУǲӵУ˶ֻеȵʱ֪ʣһǿıֶΡҹ콾һĻᡣ
ݴ˵ӵҹ죬ܹתֻأңת󣬲̥֮ԣʱţԭȵļָҪ˶꣬Ϳ³ΪһǿߣȻܲܳΪǿߣ޷ԤˣϾת֮пתɲͬ壬ԭȵ壬пϣҲв࣬пܻǿҲпܻƽӹɲܷϣһĪĻԵ
ԣ֪콾ſԳΪǿߡ
Ϊľܹȡһαᡣ
ȻһʥѾ䣬ǲʵ
˾ˡ
̫ˣ۾Ӯˡһ콾Ȼڵ۾УǴİ
ҧһ֣Ц˵
ܹնɱһ콾նɱһδĴܼǿߣֺô޷ǳġͬԴҹǿߡ
׵ͷ˵
壬ֻ£һΣͬἤŭЩҹǿߣһγֵģ˵ֻһǿߣǣǸǿǿߡ
ҡҡȣ˵
ҹô״ģˣҲһءδغù
ȻǴͬЩ
սϣȴǵһʱ֣ٽɢȥѸռһСȻɢȥ̫࣬ոոռ䶼ˣһֱ֣ӱռУʧˣ󲿷ֻǱռ
ЩһʼͱϣȻ
ϾЩ֮ȫŶħ̺ռ䣬Ƕ鱦һֵ֣ɹȫԽ˵õһռ䡣Щ֮еĶռһ㶼СֵǷ
գ֮䣬ɢȥĶ֮Ѿռ˴ŲھųɣʣµһҲˣ˵ֻҪԸ⣬ȫԽЩᣬ۳һŶ
ֻȴôףǶʥӵıǱ䣬ҲˣУ鱦ѾˣõشҪʮѡġһ䣬Ȼֲܵˡʮ־ˡ޷ָġ
ͺñڣռжܿв̶ͬȵȱˡ
ᣬһ⣬пٳĶħΪ˲ص£Ѿпռ䲻ȵļҪʱ֮ѹֻ£Щռ䶼С൱
Ǳõԭ֮һ
ֵɾˣҪ֪гռѾʮ򣬾ĶռдСҲ𾪵֡
Щ֮Ҫܹȹжռ䣬ǾͿΪ׵۳ʮʹͳȥժ¥УǶڴ׵ĵ̡
Ժһͷ
κһܱǿĵ̡ڿռУָҩޣȵȣǶõıȫռ䣬ȻҪڿٳϣγɵռ䣬ǹ԰ЩȻռҪõĶࡣ
ǣܿٳϵıϾҪԵ
Եռı󣬶ӦЩ顣ֵȻ޿ɹ
ȴջʮ֮涼̺ռ䡣ıֻҪƺãʹȥȻô׵۳ĵٴӡ
ʲôǻԵǴ׵۳ԸĻԵż롣
ˢ
ЩռȻ֣ţѾ̤˽ȥʧ

ȥ
սȴһƬžҹʿ¶ŭ֮ɫ
ҹ˶콾Ȼһɱʧأһ콾䣬棬ʵǲһ۰
һս£ܿ죬ҹսҹһƬȻ
˵ڶʹУпֲɢݶ˲ձ飬µĻ֮ϯķ֪䡣
У
ŭĻջصȻò֪̺ķŭжǿҡ
ֻƺʲôǣȻŭȴûֱǰҹսսϵĹƣ޷ǰһ룬ڹѹ£֮ǰǿҲᱻ󲿷ΪάսɵĽڣҪˣսϣܶ䣬ԣһ£ǲս֮ڡ


1674 ʮ
һδս֮ɱΪʵնɱ䣬Ͳʲôʵ飬ͬռݲˣҲֲκˣΪǰܣҪǳֵĻխԣȻҹеĴδػЩԣֻҪնɱǿУһʲô
ΨһѿģȻǶʹ塣
ҹ°ϵЩ콾ʥͬΪͬǵ棬汻ˣһͬ飬һ콾׷׿ʼأҹսϡҪսϽҳ
һ
ֵǣһսеӰҲûгҹսϡ
ֻǣǵصūԴԴϣ಻Ŀռţÿʱÿ̶дūӿսϣνǺ޼ɣϳҹսһħǡҹУ콾Ϊ֮ͷʹѡ
ūҹȻ֪һ
ɱ֮ġնɱٶ඼ûãƫƫ˭ûа취޶ãǿгħǣΣͬ൱޴󡣸Ͳܲᡣ
ңЩūֵʱص㣬̫ˡ
ûκιɿԡ
ֻҪԸ⣬ϰռͬʱһħǸħǰΧңȷʵôһͻϮӲƾЩūǰ̵ƴɱ£һħǡ
ңпռžʧ
Щҹ档ĿĺȷҪܶĴݻħǣܸҹɸˡʮֱľ跢ӵ¡
չֳ
ҹڰжȻǳ䲻⡣һУңֻҪ޷ƣͻ᳷ȥֻūǣơսߡ
׿˵ǿɽˣȫսԡ
˵õķء
սϣȫǣűߡһδλȡսô£˷ܲѡ
ϲ۾ҹսϣѾǣסŲ߳ɵͬһ̣ҹ֮Уҹ޷ȫĹħսΪ磬𵽾޴ǣֻ֮ҪսأԻȡõ޴
ҲǶЦ˵
սǲ֪ܲģһǼ̣ҪͶѡңһͣǾͿ϶رȻǰܹҹսƽ뿪ħս˵
һжǿ̸
ùͷڹ꣬޵󱲣ħսҪҹǾ͹ħսһħǣǾʹݻħսʮսǡҪƴǾͿܲܺĵ𡣵סѪѪ֪ǵķâԲǿԵֵġ
û£ƺв׳ֺ콾ŭ·սѶš
ҹȻӲԿ
ӣǾҪһسӡ
ȻҲУǾȥħսϵʿ
һֺҹսпɢҡûãҹ콾ٴγħս
ֱӵľܿħսеǳԽԽ࣬վͬʱҹūٴγ֣һΣԴΪĳϯս
һսڳ£ݻ١ʿ䡣
ҹǷˣ˿񱩣ҹ콾ûȫع飬Ӧ׵۲ûбҹΧˣҹսǣǣҹɲСˣ⹥УǴһܻ
סԲҹħսšȫһҪҹĹס׵ҹսЩˣôҲܶϼҲܶս
ħսϣ콾ź
սз׷ױǿսǣҹ𷴻
սٴνȻС
ʱһΣ֪УѾȥʮꡣ
ʮ¡
ս˶ʮꡣ
սϣÿ춼Ѫÿ춼ҵĴս
ط໥ں£ҹܵѹƣÿ춼ڱ⡣½ҿԽԽ͡ħսÿʮ꣬һԮ̤սЩĵսʼձֲܡҹٿ£Ҳûг״Ʒߡ
ڵһ꣬׵۳ǧսɼڼǰģеĴŮɻˡ֮Ϊʮꡣɻ˳¡ִħսʱΪʮ࣬ʮꡣ
ִսͳսԡѪɱÿսȣɻչ¶âɻ˹֮쳹ķ
꣬ŮħսִսΪʮꡣ
꣬Ů޳Ů»Ů׷һͬħսִսΪʮꡣ
꣬ħսִսʮꡣ
ŮǺ˼ɵսеµģҲǲͳȥģÿ꣬ͳһΡǲᣬҲûӼᶨĽս
Ϊʼռǵ˵һ仰
нǿϢ嵱ǿ
ڴ֮УΣֻǿʼδΣȥȡΪӵŮҪôԸƽӹΪۼŮ֦ɢҶƽҪôңѪУĵۼҷˡܵۼҵҫۼҫսϣϡսΪǻۡ
еŮעͨˣҲԲ޾ԴҪʲôԴǾͿԼȥȡսսսУ׼ҵĽ
ԴˣɻǸޱͬԥѡս
սؼȻǲ˵
սһ޴ĺ¯Ȼܷ⡣ܴâ
֪Уʮôȥ
ħսʮУ֪Ŷٵʬͬĸսʷʫʤӿֳ콾ǿߣǲӳǿս
η˹ʹǿİӢη
ǶʮУ׵۳׳Ϊ档һսսÿ꣬ǧսԴԴϵĵִңģʵĶͼ۷塣սϣȻǶսҲдʿԶսϡĻҹսʮꡣ
ʮУħսͬҹ콾ϻȡйҹսϵѶϢ
ӲҹսΪħսǣ˲ɵƵħǶ֪նɱҹ콾ǿߣս֪֪ۡ󣬺޲ܹҹսϣΪµһǰ䡣
ͬʱ
У֮ĴսѾ׽뵽ȻСǷ֮ս뱾֮䣬Ҳ׷³չսƴҪȡ֮λ֮䣬ÿһսѪ䣬ս֮ңһ涼û
ֻǣ֮䣬໥ϣ໥ɱ޷κε˶Է˭ûа취ռݵǵλáսУ˶ȻȻķ仯˱ڴﵽȻʱͻȻ䣬岻Լͬͣս


1675 ɽ
磬بŴ½
بŴ½λãȻһɽɽΪɽഫ̹ſٵغ󣬶أ߶ɡں£ɽبŴ½ǶأûбײҲûܵˡ
֧ء
һȥɽ˾ﵽʲô߶ȣƽ֧ص
ڲɽʷУνǲʤö١
ɽɽʮԻ֮ɽעɽȱдơ
ơ⣬֮磬ɽϣԻܡɽǹϴ֮ŵģЩ⡣
ӡѵ߹Ϊۣŭ֮ɽۣάǳɣزϣˮʳɡ
Щʷϵļأļأкܶ࣬ɽΪΣȻ̹ŻΪۡ
ңں£ɽǷ췭ظı仯
ԭȱײϵûзǲϵɱ䣬Ĳɽߣ֪٣󣬸޷޸󣬷·ɽһ磬֮㣬Թ㣬ǻ㣬ɽˮ֮ĸ澰˵̺ؾ챦鱦䡣
κһ磬ϵȵľաǹ϶ġ
ɽʿлһ㺬塣
ɽǲԣɲ⣬֮ɽΪؼ䣬ɽ֮棬˫޶ԣ˫ΪؼһɽɽҲ޷
صġ
ҪڲɽȴԲô׵顣
ɽεѹѹڲɽҲһ־صģ־òɽǿռ䣬ԶԶ򣬽УжңԽϣγɵѹԽǿʵǣȫпܵɽݳѹ
ش䣬ϡƽ顣
ûǿʵ˭ܵ϶塣ʵǲܣҪʵ
ȻڲɽУŴ̫ޣޣЩԲɽǿҪȫκoѷɫǸӵİԵˡ
ԣɽգصһڡ
ЩӰ첻ɽеĵλĿж޿Ĵڡ
񣬿Կڲɽ¡
ٲȻܿǿ߻ۡϸȥзддһ̤ڴϣӰ˷塣
ģٲȻܸܵÿһǶǿߣܼĴڡ龳̨ܿ
嵽Ȼϳ棬峤սĺ峤ɻ˻ͩ峤ٷ޽١
峤ܸܵÿһɢϢȻѾﵽ֤
ʲô֤ͬ٣಻κʱǶǾԵǿߡ֤ĵѾ׳죬Ĵӳ졣ֲεĴͨʣУλж⡣ǻԪǿߣҲնɱǡ
֤ҪǴսƬ򶼻ᱻݻ١ɵƻ൱ֲġ
˿̣ƺûмս˼
ܿڲɽ£ֱռһڸԵڣһ޴ļ̳̳ɲ򵥣õĲϿ䣬ΪѪ걦񣬾˵Ѫ걦޾Ѫ֮ÿһ飬ҪƵʬ
ıĶ֮һ
ƽʱ˵˴ȭͷСһ飬ôʿԴҪõ
˿̣ȴɼ̳
̳߾ɡ巽Źصķģأƺĳصڡ̳ϣһ泤ᦡǳ˿Ļͻ֪ǽлᦣþлꡣԽǣꡣ
̳Χʿۡһ˫˫Ŀޱȳȣƺڵȴʲô
ĺ˿գǰһ֣˵ͩ޽٣Ѿ׼ôû׼ãǿԼսȻ޷ǣһΣµĴƣԲκ⡣Ϊһ죬Ѿ̫á
ģҷһѾ׼ʱƻһƶģȻκεʧֻҪǲ⣬ҷһ;Բ⡣
ͩȻ˵Ŀдһ˿ȡ
Ϊ˵һ죬Ѿ׼̫ˡȻ˭޷ȡ֮λҲҪȡѵĻᡣٴȥֻԪˣѾûбҪˡһж׼ǾͿʼɡ
޽һȻ˵дһ˿Ȼ
ãǱȿʼ
ĺ׵ͷȻ
£һļ̳ȥ
ÿһԵʮֵأϣϢȻȻıȻʿǽĿȫϣֳǿȣȻ
ûʱѾ̤ϼ̳ˡ
ּ䣬йâһʱһöƴС۸ֳһ֣ۺȻľڼ̳ţɢϵϢһ˿˸ܵµѹ
ͬʱܿͩ޽Ҳ׷̤ϼ̳ڻͩгһ߲ɫķҲƯڼ̳ϡ޽ǳһֻǡ
һ̣̳ϣǻĿ⡣
塣УдǿߵĿע֮࣬Ȼ޷ǣһȫڲɽǰȻ᲻ܵע
ڸտʼܶ˻Ϊ֮׼ڲɽһսǡ
û뵽ȴֱһ̳
ֹŹֵľٶȻǿߵĿ⡣
Ҫעѡ
֮ƺйŹ֣ǵҪʲô̳ԲҪսд㡣Ҫô
˭̹Ŵ񣬻ʼ档
ף֮һΪ֪ԼΪʲô
ܰͷ
ϣգ峤ĺڴ˼أԸ׼ܻʱⳤӣᴩԪ֮šԸԸħսΪڡ
ĺ췢
ϣգҷ峤ͩڴ˼أҷһԸ׼ܻʱⳤӣᴩԪ֮šԸҷԸħսΪڣ
ͩͬԥĿڼ롣
ϡһԸħսΪڣ
ţ޽Ҳ쵻档
ˣ֣
˶һۣͬʱڷһϺȡ
£ȻԿڼ̳Ͽգֱһֻ޴ˣ롣ÿһֻʮɾ޴һۿȥͬȻ


1676  
Щսķˣʢʱ̣һռգһռݴأһռ˵ԣѾϷֳȥ֡ȻȫȫģҲһϵͳ㡣ȻŽˡ
Щ˻ΪˡǱ˾ء
þ˵ˣ裬Ʋɵκεǰĵˣᱻݻ١ؽͬЩ꣬ʱǡ
ǾȻ룬Ҫʲôлᦣ̳ˣѵҪлꡣ
ԣ֪ˣǾȻҪʱճӡ
һǿĿúԺпͷһʱֲ²⡣ܶѾ²嵽ʲôΪµвеױȵ𾪡
ȻǲµҲû˭ҳƻ
ڴ˿Ѿﵽ۷壬˭ƻȻ޾ŭ𡣵Ȼ˭֣ڴĸо
ΪһɹʵȻᷢ޴ı䡣
Ϊʱճӡ
̳ϣȻԿֱͶ̳ų޾⣬̳У·Ǻ嫵ԴԴϵĹעȥʱܿ𣬱
УȻԿƻۣε־Ȼۣһֻɫƾճֻ֣УɢһֵĮ·飬ַ·顣ֻ۾
־
ϡ
Ȼ֮۳Ǳļһ𣬿˵Ѿͬǡ˼룬Ȼܲ֡
ǽɫйâ˸
漴Ȼա

ͬʱȻԿһ֪Ӻδ𣬴Ӻδսĳƾճ֡úУ·ָܿĻ棬Ļ棬ںһȴáÿһκˮ·ãַ·ʵ̺һ൱졣
ӣȥõģʵģδ޵ġʵã޻ʵǰء
ǣʱⳤӡʱճӣȻĳˡ
˼飬Ǵ˵еʱⳤӣ˵ؼϵļӡȻֳĴộʵ̫ˣʱпʧܣķˣǲֵá
дĿã̲סһ
ؼ䣬кܶصĴڣ磬˳ӡʱճӣڤӡ
ʿͻ龳ʱҪ˳ȡ꣬꣬˳УУǾ첻ңȡſɳƿˣҲ졣Ⲣ˵Ѿˡֻ˵һˡ׿̽
ҪΪͻƵ֤ȻȻʱճӡӳ죬ĵӡʱճ֮ϣزز࣬档
Ҫʱճӣʵĳӳ֣׵顣֣
ʵѾﵽ켶Ρ
̫ˣʱճѾҲÿʼˡ
ĺǿĿãһ˿ϲɫһ̣»ָ
Ϊý飬ΪƷʼ棬⣡
ĺ췢һϺȡ
ʼΪý飬ΪƷʼ棬⣡
ͩҲ췢ź
ʼΪý飬ΪƷʼ棬⡣
޽Ҳͬһʱ̷롣
ۣǡһ̣ͬʱֱӳʱճУڳϣ·һҴֱۣӳʱճζȥϡ
ĺϣҪںдУУǶһʮѵ顣һСģͻᴬķѵܵǳģʮٱ
ʱճУҪǿǰ˳޷ǳꡣ
УҪϣǰȥȥǿ߲ȻҪڹȥУഫŲ꣬ڽɣдֲ
𣡣
ȻܿʱȻܿڹȥʱճУڵצͻȻ֣ĴϣԽʱճӣȴ۵иȥնϡ
սìӹȥɱ

ϡ
ΪԴȪϡ
ֹŹֲ֣֡ǻһˣ֤ȥᱻɱһ˿ۼʵ̫Ӵˣ˹ᴩӡʱա
ǻ棬֪öٴа־壬ܵ
֪Уܿʱճӵǰһšǵţƺ˹Ž񣬷ָʱ¡϶أѹһУʱճӴнضϣǶתʱգ˴δһֲ೤Ϣ
ǼԪ֮šഫʱճӣᴩŽصʹڣֱսᣬٴһԪһ꣬ԪԪ֮䣬档־ǼԪ֮šԪ֮ŵĴڣϹŽ񡣡
Ԫ֮ţҪԪ֮ţһԪʼǾȻô̫˼ˡ
Ԫ֮ţʱΰ۳ѹʱա
һԪһ꣬һһ֡
ڣ徹ȻҪ򿪼Ԫ֮ţȻһֿľٶǳɹʧܣע򵥡Ӳɡ
Կ˿ڼ̳ϣ飬Ѿˮ˲٣ʱ˼ˡĴۿɲСˣǾʧȥˡ
˿̣ĺ˵ȴǳױó¶ľǰδе財
ʼ棬⣡
ͬʱź
ͬʱͬʱʼˮ˲СɴСĲ֣ȫȼΪһɺ嫵ĺ
ʱգһ̣ųǰδеĹâȻײڼԪ֮ϣ̺嫵֮ƲɵȻӲ˼Ԫ֮š
ʵ̫Ӵˡ׼£ûκ赲
ؽͬͬĵ
𣡣

ƣ
ڻԪ֮ź󣬶ʱͿʱճƺƬӳлۣ۳Σ߿˻һͨɫľʱճϴУƬۿٷع
һ޴ķ롣ȻʱճϴУ⣬к˰̳ǵ꣬Ϊ̳һͨ
ṇ̀һɲǣǧꡣȫ޷ʱճйȥʱ䵽жá
ֻܿɽϣ̳Ͽգ޴ʱճ˳ÿһɢϲãϢεѹʿԼͬĹ¡
һѪԴͷľη뱾ܡ
ӭʼ
ӭʼ

ǿ߷׷׷ȵź
źУʼڳֺͬʱվֹƺصѶϢֱӳС


1677 
ЩѶϢ
ѶϢƾճ֣Ȼľ뵽ڣѶϢгֵĲǱģйںϣҹѶϢٵľ֮ȵȡ
һеһУȻĳԺС
УɽľѾȻȻӳ죬УֻҪ̧ۣܴп𺳸УԸӡ
ֻ棬ǳħսС
콾׷̧ۿա
Ǵ˵еʼ棬̫ഫ棬ʼһսУɱ֮УȻг꣬Ҫʼ档
ҵĹԹԣഫʼ棬ÿһλǲ˼Ķǿߡ˵һԪΪﵽ֤۷壬˵ѾԪΣʼ棬ѪǿһҪɳȻٶȼ죬Ԫעѹһİڡ
һԪٻʼ꣬־ٶ찡ǾȻôˣǵ̫ˡĿԸֵõġ
ʼ氡һѪֻ̣ҪܿͿԻָңʼĸ󱲶ȡ޷ĺô磬ѪǴСЩԴʼ档
ʼԽǿڵѪԽߡδزʤʼĴڣκ˵ǶǺôʼֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ضһԪǿѹһС
ԭˣһԪԶ⣬Ԫ٣ҹ硣һΣܸ˺󡣡
һɲǣǸʱ䣬ѾݵڵѶϢУȵս⣬һתʼ棬Ȼ˵棬棬ҹǰټȥҲǺ壬ҹĿսҹΡ
ʵǻۣ֪һԪȻѾء
οսҹǿԻȡˣӵдԵδزԳɾǿߡ֤ԪǼޡ
Ϊ˭㲻ɡɱҷһ壬ʲôʱη
濴һͷ­˵
µļԪһ壬˺󡣡
Ц˵
ã1
Ц
һʼ;һУͬ˽˴˵ģҲδزõѣֻοѡ
дˣһʼ棬дǣĴսǵᣬûѡ񣬶˵ѡȻõսѡ˴˼䣬໥Ρһ㣬Ҫġ
ϣΪʼ棬յ֮죬ܻ㣬ȴҹϮԸ֮ǰħսΪ㣬⣬֮
췢һ֮
һһ䣬쳹硣
Ը׷ʼ棬⡣
ĺȹ
Ը׷ʼ棬⣡
ݶ£УܸܵһֳȡЩ꣬вսɱһΪǣܳɹȻֶܳǿߣһʱܹͳһУõҹչսΪеĽɷ֮
ɷɲǺöѪɱ¾ɵĺֻӿ¡޷
ɷҲҹйɵΣսҪӾ޴
¡¡
Уƻۣһֻɫٴγ֣Ŀ漴Ϳһ貺嫵Ľ˲䳯Ļȥǽ̳һס
컯⣡
Ŀã̲סаԷһ˭Ҷ컯˭ȾָǸ컯
ĿãǲκεĶ
컯ȫ嫵컯֮ӵ֮һı仯ˡ
ڼ̳öԭȵۣ컯֮ǰۿɼٶȿʼڻȻΪһξѪһ㣬ǾѪѪıԴѪ컯֮ԴԴУöѪҲڿ׳׳ٶȼΪˣÿɱ䡣תۼ䣬ͻΪһö޴ֳͨɫ
Ǵϲ붼룬궼ԥͶȥ
ֻ꣬Ҫٴλָеô򵥣ҪķԴǺľ棬ؼľʱ䣬ڣȴֱµԭȼû𣬾Լı壬ֱ壬ɱɳĸڡ
֮к󣬽ֻǼ䣬Ѿʼѿһ϶ϳ֣֮Ǳ飬һ²ɫ۵ľצڼ̳ϡճֻɣȴ컯£Բ˼ٶȳɳɱ䣬·ǴƤһ
˲ϢѾﵽǧɴСҲ͵̶ֳȺѾ޷ɱ䣬Ͼľ˲޵ġɳǾֻԼŬв
ˣɢϢѾѷɫڵ̨Ȼ֤ѾԶֻҪ̻ۣԭȵľ磬Ժ׵ͻƣָԭȵʵӴԴڣʱԲ̫ܶݡֻ൱һζѡ
ˢ
ͬʱѿһѷ죬һ˸Żâľ޴Բƾճ֣ԲУƺܿ׶˸Żâ̺һƬ硣
챦
Ŀã۾ʱһһ챦ͬҲһǱֻҪϼǳΪһ𶥼սϱݣҲǲܡңԣǾĺôѪõɱ䡣ɳٶȸ졣ͬһӪ
һ磬ѪǨƻ龳ɽعء
Ȼ´ǺԥС
ĺǿߴڿһϲٵõȫջȻˡ
죬౦ȡǨƻΪµĸ
õѪܷȡ󱲺ô

һǿ߿ǰ
˿̣濴Ȼ˶ĺôһҲ
ϣΪʼ棬յ֮죬ܻ㣬ȴҹϮԸԷ֮ǰħսΪ㣬⣬֮
ϣΪʼ棬յ֮죬ܻ㡭Ϊ㣬⣬֮
ˣͬʱ췢һ֮
ѾľӲܻᷴڡ
սδһָõѡսУܲϳɳȡˣܳ档
ˢˢ
ż棬ͨ쳹ص컯Ҳˣڡ


1678 ˳ ɽ
컯£ȻԿڻΪ˾Ѫ֮ΪѣҲԥͶУҲһΪһö뵰ͶȥⶼѪǵľһξѪҲѪԣָḶ́ʮ˳
գۼ䣬ͿͬʱƿǶϢǡﵽ൱ĲΡ
ʼ
ǿĿãǵϲĸǵʼÿһܸܵѪеһϲǴϲ֡
ˢ
ţͿѿֱǰ
һһ޴ޱȵķﳲﳲ֮пͩͨܿ˸߲ʰĹâһһ޴ޱȵʥɽɽϣҫ޾߲֮⡣
챦˳
챦ɽ
챦ȻȻĴݳصϢ÷һһУѹˡʮǿǱ裬ʣǶĽȻЩˣʲôزǾȫԼġ
Ҳ޷档
ĺãѷɫ
ٷظأʱȻн֮١
ռл۵̣ǨƽɽɽΪʥɽԴ֮Ϊ֮һ硣
λʼҲڰš
˷˳ɽѾа֮أ磬ȥǰ⣬ؽšд󹦵£ˣȻԱ֤двǸӵǿʢҪġ
һʱ䣬ɽϴǿ߷׷ȥ
ҪǰԵľ׼ǨƵ顣Щ꣬ս磬ɲֻɱսͬԶռ˺ĵرԴЩԴѾ帻֪͡жҪǨƣȻܷЩأЩͬĵڡ
ǲܵġ
Ȼʱûдߴǣǰȥ׼Ǩơ
٣˽ħս֮󣬳׷գսսʿɻȡѫһ衣֮иʿ֮⣬ȫս
ʱ֮Уһ˲䳯紫ݹȥ
ԺС
һ֮䣬⡣
һ̣ʿ
̫ˣٽˣԶħսϵǿ߶Ҫعˡ
ٰδٿǰŵõսľۿצڲſ£һɽôûˣǰ㲻ˡֲ̫ˣУʱôĶ֪ǲı
Ҫ뿪ǰħս⣬ûѹƣ˭֪絽׻ᷢʲôǸãǸӻң˭޷Ԥ֪
ʿͷ
ٽȻǺ£ħսգҲǺ£ڶʱڣҪҹвҲ˵һʱİȣǣ뿪˭֪ᷢʲô
ĸ壬ֻ»ٴӼҵսС
̣ˣ׳
ǧıܡ
κ嶼ˡƽദֻǲڵġʵ׳Ǳܵ
Ҫô֪ʮǶô
׵۳۹֮ڡ
һͤУȻڸ٣ƣ뻯̧ۿգһ˿ڴȻʿ˵ʮ꣬ǵָһӼ䣬ʵ򣬶Ժܶ˵ҲǼΪ¡

ħս
һսУȻԿһװ˾ŮȻȻȻĴݳһָ߹Ϣ·һɻ
ħսرգ֪ʲôʱܴҹս
ɻ˿գ
һ̣޷ģսһ䣬ʵȴؼΪյʱ̣ҹЩǿߣ״ҹսгȥ
Ȼ
Ҫζʲôɻ˾һ룬õգκʱ̶Ҫǿҿ¡
ЩսϣҲǲսķʣҲһδδսвϾգڣҪԼףȴŶҲ
ֻܿŵĸоʮܡ
㣬ģҪŸףԸ׵ʵԲġ˵˿̣Ѿʼ׼ع飬̤ϻعĵ·Ҫ˶ãǾͿԿס
ɻߣȻԿһò߷Ƶվһߣһżᶨ˵һޱȼᶨ
У׾ܣκѣŲס
ھǲ֪飬Լ׵֪֪
սҪˣ֪׵ҪιҹԲ뿪ҪˣһǰȻҹһξǶˡ
ҹսǺ޲ֱɱҹܽȥսҲֵáһ
ϣ׵ۿƽһս׵ɱҹħսҪܵѹʮٱֹʱɵƻʵ̫ˡ֪жܹڣܻҪ׵һ鰡
սϣ콾ҲǰԸ̾תͷԲɲ
£ڵȴ׵۵Ϣ
һɽϡ
ȻԿңɢվһ𣬿ʱսǿħ֮
ΪһΣħսԹش֪콾սϣȴ׵һתɱҹǣҹ󲿷־ˣʧҪϰٱǧԹأõķأ׵֮泬
һ̾Ϣ
ǰҹãԣȡսû뵽ȴܴ˾档ǳ
ھͿ׵ܴܲħ֮ƽһˣһжϺ·ǾǾһѡܹһս幦ѫʲãĹѫҲռͷûκ˿
ңɢ˻˵
һ̣ѫ֮ΨһҪģƽҪġ
ս̫죬ֻϣҹ׼һΣˡ

ҹս
̧ۿգУȻֳɽĻ档棬Ȼʼ渴ҪΡһ˿֮ɫ
ľҹսȴܿõ˵ҹ˵û̫ܣΪҹսͬ͸ںϣӳ磬Щ档
ԺһͷȻںߡ
ǿߣҪδʲô̫ķءߵ졣
۾Ǹûعˡ³ͻȻ˭֪ս˿ȻˣӦٶȷħ֮صħս򣬻вΣϯ
¿ѵ


1679 ·ມ
ǸûعˣҹǿΣǻعǰһսع·϶ມǣѫѪȾʬΪףʰϣȻ۷壬Ϸ羰תЩ꣬ҹսУô꣬ȻвѶΪ֮ԭ򣬵в˳
ڼع飬ǾҪ˳ˣɱȥ·ǱҪߣǶҪߡ
֮дֲҲдԵɱȥǰ·һƬƽ̹ɸһս
վǧǰ˵ߣ£ڡµŮҲվԡ
սͻȻ⣬Ҳ⣬ʣսر֮ǰ뷵ħսҹսУ˭֪׻ᷢʲô
ȻȻϢǱػȥǺҵĴҹսѪսȥһǰѡ⡣
ҪǱػȥҹһҲδػӦδزѪսȥδؾĲܡ
Ը׷۾Ѫս;
£˶һۣڱ˴пһ˿ȡһսѾڴѾã⼸ʮսͬԸӵ档һʵʹΪʵ׷ͻƣѾﵽ񾳣ĴսδеԴȥȻгɹ
ҵЩųһȺ񾳡ڴսеõɳټϣħлȡԴֽٵסǵĽŲһһ˽ܣžޡ
ЩǸոսЩѾ߳˲̵ľ롣
ֻҪʱ䣬ɳ⡣
ҹսħսĻطϣлҪ׼򵥡Ȼɳٶ벻춼ѡ
Ը׷۾Ѫս;ڡ
ǧʿ׷췢źеĿдſȡ
ֻҪ׷Ӱǰǵɽǻ𺣣Ƕη壬ԸɱһСʬΪ۾·Ϊ
ȥǾ
һĨս⣬Ȼ˵
Щ꣬ҲǳսԳҹ콾ɱѪгɳɱ䡣Ѿ񣬶ңĵ·ϣ߳ĵ·̡Ǵǻƿ
ãһΣս췭ظɱѪ졣
еȻһЦ˵
ڵ򣬾߽ڵħ֮ԶҲ£Ҫ˶þִܹﷵءֻҹֻ²ǰȻء
֮ǰһʱ䣬Ѿ֣ڻ߽ҹ콾ûң䣬дۣȻ߽еħ֮ҹ˵̫ܡֻΪл߽ѹҹҲ治ˣȥԲǲ֪һ֪
ЩϲĿ϶֪
ҪȻħ֮ڣܳôҹб
̤;ؼң
ٴ³һ
һ䣬ֻҹսϿգռһУȻԿһ޴嫵սƾճ֣ս£һ޴ޱȵڤѻսǣƺܹأǰѻǡ
İѻǣȵ̤ҹսʱҪӵӴӴֹ
ʮɵĺǣ꣬ǲѾﵽԸӵĲΡȻȻðѻǷɱ䡣ڳУʿҲǴ´ࡣڰѻУһ֧֧ţ󵱳ɢ޾ս⡣һŨɱ֮ȻȻĳ
սսս
սջص
սվһһϵۻʵϢȻȻɢݳϯء

ѻǳ֣еöֳ֮ΣȻڵһʱ;ҹսҹ콾ֱǵɫһڣ·оܵ޾衣
쵰׵̫ˣ̫ˣ̫ĿˡҪħ½ΪʲôĵߣҪģΪҹû취ô
裬ܴ裬̡̣ҪսǾսƴһѪҲҪ֪ҹȥá
ܺã֮ǰһֻͷڹֻ֪꣬еһξȻãõĺܡֻҪǾҪľȥ㣬Ǿʹ㡣
Ҫǰ߽ǴУͨħսֹͨ
ħߣͳսΣһҪ׵ȥ
ҹ콾һ̳ױŭҪ͵͵ҲˣƫƫҪҡڵĳ֣ҪҹٲϼţԵ̫ˡ̫ʹˡȫ̰
Ҫ˵
ڵһʱ䣬ҹʼɱڰѻǰ߽ĵ·ǰ
սմ󣬽һдֹ͡׵ԿռѶߡһΣݡҪôҪô׵ȥ
һ콾׼ŭ
һΣʹһݡ
ɱ췭ظѪɺӡ
ҹսϡ
ȻԿһ޴Ĺգϸֳ֡ǻۣһǻħħУȻԿһԴԵʮ־޴ҹʿУһᣬƺڲϷۿš˸ǻ۵Ĺâһ𣬺Ȼǵħսϳֹħߡ
ߣҲ֣Ƕǣ
ħһУνһ콾ǿߣǣǻı㣬Ǿ춯أһ֮䣬ݳ׺ɣᴩŽܹ޵ѶϢݳ޾δȻҪﵽһӵе
ħһ壬ʮֵ졣
ڴ͵սУħһǿս
һΣǶǾǰҹսִֵġ
ߣڸţֻ־ǡ
ǻħУȻԿٵ콾ۣĿⶼǶϡȻڵΰţνһս
콾Ǻպġ
°ϵ콾
ħ콾ġ콾Nx
ǵĵȻҪһ£ֳΪ棬һÿһȵĶʥѷɫǸһȻǿҪڴսв֪
żһλ϶֣ĴĺܡҪѪУԼΪһĲ£ܹһǣɱҹɱһ޵ġҪһսϴӶʮĵۻġһ뿪ĵͲɶƣʱڣ̨ߡ
ǶǷе˵
һⶼ·ܿ޾ǻת
ԣһս׵۲㣬ˣͲһսڱС
УƺѾϤһС
һսҪΪ߶·콾ɸһڵ·ϵȴ׵սһ׵Ҫһضʧ棬Ҳֻ
ıƣҹȱͬȱ׵ۣҹһеС
Ƕǻ˵
׵ҪսǾսһ


1680 ս
ҹսɱ¾磬ս壬һҹ׶սǱȻ޷ģܿһռŴ򿪣һҹѸٳڰѻ߽֮䡣һҹ콾ƾģǸеľ
Ϊһսڵ壬ǲĸ֧֡
ҹ콾ͳ˧оħ
ҹ콾ѪѪǾ
ħ콾̾ħ߾
˱ħ塪ǧ֣ǧħ
콾ʣͳ˧ħ

һ֧֧ҹʼۣңѸʱ׼ųսѾս׼ܿЩȫǾеľ֮ǰѾ֮⡣սڻۡ
ҹķӦܿ죬ѻǵٶҲ
ʱѻѾҹǰ
۾ǰҹ֡
гٻ㱨
Ҫ㱨ѾĿǰԴĴ
޹ģ
׵ͷֱӿ˵
ˣ
ǽϣһ޴սģսò֪Ƥ죬ͨɢһֲãϢƺʮֵĻսѪġսıڸߴȻԿһߴľ̤սǰס鳡ֳըԵһˣеķ֧ؾ塣
˵ϺĺᣬھоѪҲѪڸտʼʱû̫𣬿ӣȴԽԽ󡣶ңһʮĵطǾǣؾߴﵽһǰû̫⣬ɴﵽһ׺󣬲Ǽ꣬Ӵÿһ꣬ǣһסҲ˵һһס̣ôı䲻ˡ
ʿѪ⡣Ϊӣǻɱ䣬ս壬ΪԽߣսҲͻǿֳսӾ޴󡣿ؾ幦սҲ޷սõҪܵһһ׵Ĺ
ʮֹ죬ǿҲ޷תΥһ
ĳ̶ֳϣҲ൱졣ΪҲҪܻһ꣬Լֱһףңûġʮ꣬Ǿʮסһ꣬Ǿһסǻ棬൱ֲˡ
Ȼؾ岢ûģ˵ߴﵽһǧʱͻֽѡΪ٣ػήޱ·ݣѹϣסȴᱻѹСһǧףֱСסʵҲÿǧһΣסȻԼסǴԭ㡣ȻƽʱֻҪԸ⣬ǿСġһҲ⡣
ˣͽظߡ
ȡ֣Ҫߡ
ܿҲвʮ׸ߡվڳǽϡͬһ
ǵھо۽ʱ׵ġΪ⣬ԣͱΪרƹѪĵս뷷սս֮ϡķӳá
޴սڳǽ𣬿ʼս
ظÿһôȥܿսϣ˸ޣޣŭսУֱӳ˷ϯȥ
ΪһŨѪ⡣
бѪ⸲ǵĴ׽ʿ˭ʲôΪһ̣Ϣǣ˲񱩣·սһӾͱһءֱӱսγѪ䣬ʩнʿϣѪǣ˲ڣͬõ޼ӳ֡ǿսֱһɡѪ£ܺηսⰺȴӰǡ
ν
ЩѪԡѪɺ޻꣬Ѿɱ䵽ؽףɾ鱦ķȣﵽࡣ
ǰǲ˾šеľ񡣡
վڳǽϣ˵
Ϊѽſǰħ
ҡҡȣ˵
ĩսԸΪսȷ档
ٺԥ̤˳ѽŶڹսʮóУǱرħΪ䱸ѽǹսϣġ
ãѽųսһսѻǣֻͣһ·ǰ
׵ͷһսѻǣԲ̤ͣޱʬǣҲҪɱһѪ·
ѽţս
ٶ˵һ֣ʱͿϰѽŽʿѾֱӳ֣ϴѽüסһ˸ߵѽ𵶣ס󣬺ԥ̤ѻǡ
ಣ
ûκγɣѾֱӱȥһԲ˼ٶȣգܿģֻһ貵ǰЩעԪƻһħԣȻǿвླԪ񾳲εĵˡ
Щսķÿһ֧Ŷսϣûжķϻ־ɱУĵ˲Ǻõˡ
ɱ
һս죬սϣһǱ˪һһıħһ졣ҡս죬Ա£ԷһѾεħ
Ŀѽɱԥٻս죬ս˲Ϣ䣬þ޴ޱȣ·һĻӲڱħǰ
ಣ
Щħﶼž޴ħǣϱŴìѽʱҲûгɣ־óìۼ䣬һì㱬ÿһɢֲĺǳҵĻ֮ЩħÿһԪ񾳲εǿսͶȥķìƻ֪ÿһܱкԪ񾳶ᱻ⡣
һܼꡣ
ٳѽǰ

ѽУڶμѾϯȻԿдֱЩƿնķìһײȥͱ貵⣬ì׷ըѡ
ì
âԷâ
һֱ䣬ĸ̫ܼȷìࡣкһ첻赲Ļֻ£һȥɼƻ
ս󣡣
һһϺȡ
ʮĬþнʿȻӦ
۳ս
һɹ糱ˮȥ˲Ϣ䣬ڵϢۿɼٶȱǣֱӱ龳ǸǿֻǾ磬ȴɾͬεƻ
Ҵױߣɱ⣡
гһսս챦ɣʮ꣬ЩҹսϻȡԴֶϡһڲȱ켶ħյɱ䣬Ϊһ鱦սȡ޼Ϊһյա
ħ
һǳɡ
һⲪ˲Ϣ䣬ͿһִƿնƲ񷡣ͬԾ׹䡣һɲǼ䣬Ѿڲǰ
һҡ
ҡɣ
ս죬ҡһƬ磬ᵵٴҡ꣬鲼ա


1681 
ҡս죬·ѹѩؿԽʱճӶء
飡
Ȼ򣬺ȻԿִգûκԥ˲ײں֮ϣҵĴգų޾⣬ѩڴڻڡ̺ķâʵ̫Եˡ
ڴ±
ޱ߻Ǳյײƣǻ̺ħշ·жԡײȥһƬƬ걻ײķ顣ڲϣǱһ赲һò𵱳ɳȥƬħѪ
һս󣬺һսȻһʿս˵زЩԲ¾ǻɫ԰ףȴǷ֮ɫ
һĸܵٵսսѪ£ʲôز龳Ҳϲ콾Ȼᱻһˡս֮ǿ̫¡
¡¡
ħѾɱȥµٶȿ缲硣
ɱɱɱ
ѽͬ棬Ϊʳޣ䱾忴ʨӲֻ࣬ϲǳëǳһƬƬɫƬЩƬ·͵Ŀףȫǿһıն棬ƲЩʳ޵ķңٶȾˡ
ƽʱʳԵľǸֽЩȥĽɶ׳ԵԽ࣬Խǿ󣬵󣬿Դﵽղ᲻ɴݵĵز
ڵõ󣬾ͱѽŵר
󣬾׺ޱȡ
ɱıħ˿û˱ܵĴ㡣

нʿϺȡ
ϣ
һĳУ޴ĽɫѽУܿϣȻӵһŷľݡһȥһһټ̵ᱻ˲˺ѣնΡ
ۣ
һ룬֧Ѿһʱײһ𣬶̱ӡ޴ѽնȥ˸ȻԿв˵ͱһ롣ѪҫսͬЩ˺ǿսޱȷḻеսìϳŴ׽ʿҪȥп¡
еֻǷ
Ѫ
սϣηֻηɱѪ·ɱ·
һ㣬ҹУκ嶼˽һԭʼ򡣸Ѫۻȡľ顣
ɱ

սìϣȴûֱӱܿϵѽüɢһŨĽ⣬ǿ赲סսìȻڼ䣬Ϳ𣬱սìƿսϣ˲Ϣ䣬һӣܷ췭ظı仯ӲҪ˵սսʿ
׾нʿѾȫΪླ
ȻսѾɱ䣬˿Ѫĵ£Ԫ档
սìûƿѽü׵ķһ˲䣬ܿ˸һ˵룬նΡֻ棬ʮѪȲҡ
սѽüײ޵УһδιüҲƣսʿսì䡣
һĻĻνǴĿġ
𣡣
Ǳħڷ棬ܿܣ֪ʱѾֺĳ壬Щ壬ÿһ𶼾޴ޱȣɢѪϢһ֣ǵصĳŰѻϯ֮࣬·һۿȥ߼ʡ
սͲ׼ãһţһŵĲɱƴռƵ£ȡʤֱѹȥԴϯѹһУսСƾҪá˺սҹϲһս
Ҿ˶࣬б¸ұȱడ
Ǿš
УȻǲκεСӡҪϣڻͬҪϡϧһдۣƴһнС
ҹսһƣڻңҲǾͬɱﵡ
ҹûд׾ź;ŶԿ
ûбҪֻҪôнҹսˣͳͳȥ
׵ۣҪսҹ͸սҪħսǾͿû
УǻħȻֱ֣ӶУħǶǶһŴԴֱ̤˳˵һοս߶սУҹһУǵڶν֣ǶǻᾡŬԸܵҹ顣ԶƬս
Уһ˿˲Ϣ

һεĴսӡͬΪѩܵһսȻᾡһеŬ
Ǿս
ƽ˵һսѾ˺ܳʱˡ
ಣ
ǵϯĳ泱һʱ䣬ڰѻǳǽϣʿһʱ̤ȥսѸٿ¶ĺâƺһ̣ͻᷢ
ȫɹɱо
ѽţսǡսΪҹ
ΪȻӵͳȨĿҹԱԽɱҲڵһʱӦԥѡ԰ѻΪݳǶء
ҹѣõѡ
ľ˿ûи˼սϣ;еǲȨνս˵㡣ҲΡ
ಣ
ƿ˲쳹ս
һ㱬ȥսϣ·һƬܼĿ籩꣬Ϊ޴ĺƣ˲ͳսϯȥһγֵģǧʿͬʱȥֹǧ㡣
ۣ
ܼ֮£嵱ͱɴ⬣ѪϢգ鲼ս

ҹƺͶԴ׵ȻܿУٲȻһֹĳ壬ЩѾ޴£·ǽɫľߡͷʮַͬսìһٶȼ죬һȥٷеķìûԽɽֱӶ
Ǵɫơ
ֳ壬Ϊ߳档
ܼļꡣЩ߳ͻȻ䣬ϵĽɫ˸⣬ͻȻ䣬ЩһɢȻͬһɡ㣬ͻȻſΪԲεĽɡӲͷȫס棬Ϸܹɡ棬ȴ㣬޷ٲЧɱ
Щ߳棬սϣ·һѰѾ͵ĽɡÿһѶǧɾ޴Ϊҹڵꡣ
׽ʿҲûΪ֮롣
ս
ǽϣʼ޴ĴһǽճɡҲӲƣչֳ˵ƻ
׵ۣѪϴˢҹĳ衣һħ
սУͻȻ䣬ȻԿһҹ콾ͻȻգһնѻǡһУȥΪɵļħ
Уع棬ĵ⣬ƺҪڼսᣬޱҹڰ
ߣҹаħ߹׶۾֣ĳڴˡһ
𷢳һȣս󣬺һսճ棬ּ䣬µѾնȥ
һǣ


1682 
һ̣ûκԿһ財
һ˫һ
УƺܸܵһΪ˸ԸһУΪ֮У㾡㡣һǰΪ֮ʧɫΪ֮Ȼ޾Ϊ֮ףޡ
һǹһУ߾硪֮
һǣޣޡԽǿԽǿ
飡
У֮ħҽ棬һ̣·ؼ䣬ֻʣڵݺᣬһ߼棬һ԰ǣ˫޶ԡ
ڽ档
̫֮ˣһȥضΪ֮㵹֮ħƿ貵ĵ⣬Ӳնҹ콾ϣܿ콾һҽУϱһѪ⣬µĵ۽˺Ȼûб룬Σ𲻴
ͬƶһ
һնȥ콾ûҲѾشֲĵ⣬ڲϵƻڵѪǺꡣͬһĿ¡
ÿµһ
ոճֵĿǼһܣ䣬֮УȻ콾ǵʵ治Сơ
ܱߵҹʿĿãҲǵһ˭û뵽ܹһһǣâҫսڵס֮⡣
ۣ
УһħͼգħͼУȻԿһ޴Ļų޾ħһֻֻѻϷԾѻһֻֻѻſħͼбٸѻǡ
ѻ죬յѩܡ
ѻ콾̤ѻͼ߶սܣЩ콾˵һĥĳ裬ӲҪ˵ܺ˶ӶᣬҪǻصҹ취ֲˣЩ콾˶ˡ콾֮
ֿܣ룬ÿ¡޾־塣
һ̣Ҫѩܡ
̫޼ٹҹУ
СٻͻȻ֣Ȼ䣬ܿһͻȻǻУٲȻԿӰи֣ͷ͹ˮлŹС׹Ĺͷͷȵȡָ׷׳֡
ʮıٹҹͼ
̺Ÿָÿһֶʮֿ£ˮԼԦˮ֮𡣿ƾٹܹɱˣʹøۻ֮óۻ෨
һһʩչ԰ٹҹУ·̺һƬڤܹ
˿һʱй񺿡ٹɱŻϯȥЩ𶼱ѹлѻɳٹɱϯաޱȼҡ
ԴˣҲֻǿһۣߵЩŮˣû˭ΪǻƿǵʵǴڴ׵۳˵һˡиԴټ˫ݵ棬Ҫǿѡ
һ񾳵ĵ·ϣѾ߳൱ľ롣
£սҹ콾ѷɫÿ˵ıЩУϧһԴɱ䣬Ϊ鱦
ս˲Ϣ䡣
ҹڴ˿̣ȫûκιƽսĴ㡣һ콾׷׳֡
ȻԿһֻ޴ĹӴԶ֣ҡΣһµǷ·Եеɥӣ궼һ־ĸоһƬ
ҡɥӣԽʿ촷ۡ
ɥӳʱѻУȻԿһöī׵ĳУƺԿķ˸һ𣬻ΪϵĵۣĪ⡣·£κһУԵȻʧɫһ֣ͳǿɥƮƮƮȥ
ǰ·һ㶼Ӱ죬Ȼĳɥǰɥȥֻӡһ£ɥӱһӡ

棬һݶȻɥϵеϣȫӡȥԪⶼðһӣͨһ㣬гŵ׹䡣
ֵĺȻīѩǿı鱦зӡӡ֮ʮǿ鱦ѹҲһᱻӡ鱦ҪѷҲҪķѲСĹ򣬶ս˲Ϣ䣬ӡĺǼΪµġ
սڳ
ҹ콾ȫûԹ۵Ĵ㣬׷׳֣켶鱦ϵĳŰѻǺУŮҲ׷չֳǿս
ı׷ųڵķâ
һʱ䣬԰ѻΪģҵĴսѾ뵽Ȼľء
ħƶɮģ׵ָ̡
ʱУͻȻų޾⣬Уƺоڲϻص⣬ǺɫģУһʮӰ̤˳һͷڵĳɢԺһĪ˸оĪа̤һںɫ̨
Ȼûг֣ɾôվԭأܸܵεѾ鲼ա
ĿУֻһˡܱߵսɱ·⣬
ħģ
ͬǰħ
ҹսϼʮ꣬ҹĸ鱨ռ١°ϵ콾͸֮ءĵһЩѶϢҲ˽Ĳ١
ĳħһ塣˵ħһ屾Ƿеĸɮ档ȴҹջ£Ϊħħҹпٳħһ
ħǷ𣬷ħ
ؽԿຣħ֮ħȱ
˵û࣬һ֮ˣв֮ǵնǻգֻҪκһѪ⣬»ָʮ⡣Ĳ
ң̤֮󣬼ıʮֹ죬һö࣬ʮ࣬Ϊħġ˵鱦࣬ңޱĹЧÿһϣӵо޴һϣԶһ꣬Ԫȫһ
ֻҪԸ⣬ʱԳ֡
ıǰ˱ʮʮȫʮı
ܹ˲䱩ʮıǺεȿµ
ǣħ֮ڣÿһϣῪٳһ磬һСǧ磬ֱ»֮׳磬ȫ߸磬ңǱɳΪǧ硣ؼǣഫܽ߸׳󵽼£߽һɻһΨһ硣
Ǳ֮ߣ޷
ħ࣬ΰ˵鱦鱦
ҹ콾Уħģǰé֮ߣνָ
ĵĿúȷΪж
ħȱ
Ĳûгɣк¶һĨЦݣ˫ƺʮзһ
ħơħȱ
ʩչͬʱȻԿų޾ķ⣬ɫķ纣УٲȻԿһ޴ħ֣ħȻĵסħǵء


1683 
سħسħ
ħ·׷ŷ⣬սħУȻԿϣɫַӡڣϸžðһɫ⣬ɢŨħϢ˲䱩·һʵӵĿ񱩡Ѿħ
ױħĵĿħ
ħ糱ˮѻϯ
ٲȻҪѻеĴ׽ʿȫȻȥҪǣΪħ֮ħ
õ
Ŀãɫһ䣬붼룬Уа˲両֣ڱųһһ𣬻Ϊɫ⣬ȻȻĳǹħϯȥ
ǶȻ֮ħײ
Уֻ޾ħھһʱħͻȻø߿һʱǾѹħ
飡
ȻԿսϣһʱħ糱ɷڣһʱħһɨգйĻָƺҪаȻڶȻħ֮СȻܿЩеĹâ˸漴ĲҽУһŭУ׷ױը
һĥĳ׷ˣըˡ
ħǵ治Ͻ棬ǵΪýڽ£ǳҲ޷ܣòѡԱ
սϿνǽ֡
ͷ·ǷӦһ徫
ЩֻĽɢನѡֻǱ꼰ĳ㡣ನսʬҰ
ɱ
ûгɣħײ֮ʱԥһ̤գһĳ
絶նħ𣡣
컯֡⵶
һ⣬ԼĻġԼ⡣ҵ־⡣Ҫһȥ޿ɱܡ
ħħȱħƣ
Ĳã˫ƺʮſڷһ޾ţһյڵħƳͷħһյħħȱħޱߡ

ʱȻš
뵱ħսº¹رպѾȥ¡Уħսϳֳһʮֹ״̬ҹаħƺûдַսǣǣûټͶűķĳţڵȴʲôַ·ҹڵעͲħսǷط
ħսҲڵȴš
ǵȴսڵȵһϢһ
׵ۣ㻹ܻôǧҪˣҪˣԺȥδѰĺö֡һɽϣʯʶɽһƣԶ
սҹжʮ꣬Ǻεȵĺ׳־ӢۣӢۣǲܹǽźϣ׵ѿƽ
ңɢǸп૵
˶ڵеϢǲܻħս˶Ȼʧɫ
յս䶯Ϣ϶Ѿõ¹ȥڶûϢɣϢҲõǣ䣬ҹܲҴţһȴûУȻҲζţţǣҹ϶ɱ׵Ĺ;
׷ʲô˭
ҪսеĲңҲǿԤġ
ǱȻ
ΪǵģҹĴܼǿߣɱĻвԼα
սϣԴ˸еǵģǿǲ
ĸ˵սϣ׵۳Ѿ֧е棬Ҫز˵ʵ̫ˡͬʧȥͷǡ
ϣ׵ܹƽʧһ֧
̤ڳǽϣп
һ֮УˣУеľ廹еġ
Լ顣ֵþ塣
Σϣҹսϡ
ʱս
ħ֮
ֻħ֮˸ͻȻ䣬ܿһƵսǴӾг˳
ˣڻˡ
ǽϣʿĵķһź
սǣȻǰѻǡ
Կڰѻϣ鲼˺ۣкܶطǽǱģսڤѻʶֹ¼Ϊµ˺ۣĿġѪȾ˳ǽʬǡȫܹĳһսжôĲҡսеĽʿ˴ˣϵԭʼü׶̶ܵͬȵ
ûа취ħս
ڻˡ
վߣһ˵
ü䣬һ˿ɢɷ
̫ˣ磬ֵ𡣡
Ǹӵ˵
һսĲ޷ģ£ʱ䣬ҹǲҹǰ̣ԴԴϵĳŰѻǷ𹥻ÿǰһףʬɽѪǸӵǿսǿԭʼüɫۣսټϰѻǵķ
Ǽ᲻ɴݡ
ҹĹǽһδιռҵսÿʱÿ̶д׽ʿ䣬ӢֲսУѻһ㳯Ż߽
ŮǷ׷׳֣ҹ콾ɱ
Ѫģô׽ʿʵҹ콾⡣
ֻǣظ²ôѪĵĹУ۵ѡ
׽ʿҲǧ֮ࡣս
ΪҽƾŸƣҽʹҽͨģָսҪٴֹ
Ȼڴ׽ʿµҹ콾Ҳ԰٣ǧ㡣
ذѪȾ񷡣
µĻħ֮Ĵս
һսȶʥҪĸӲҡȷʵʮǿħļΪޱ£һһһһʽǶǱ鱦սټеطħĿٳУǻΪħͽȫս
ӲҪ˵ĵħʮֲֿս޴ħ纣ޱȡͬǿԶصķżһħʿҲѷɫֺ
ַ棬ûжԵ
콾
ܳΪһ㣬ǲӵԵ㡣
ħҲˣеĵ̣Ӧԣµǣҹƺȫˣһ콾ħŮҲսµĲΪһֲ֮ڼս󣬲ϵ䣬˲䷳ǶУҲɾ޴鷳
ʱս־á
һս¡ڹؼʱ̣ų̻ʣҧħŮһڣ춨սǿлܣǽħײı鲼Ѻۡò˰ߡ
Ҳѻл̤߽½ħ֮
Ҳһ̣ܷħս
ֵãģǴ׽ľսûв˵ġսϣһս˾꣬ĥ־ͲѪԡûʲôǲֵõġ
һȻ˵


1684 Ϊ
ǿֻѪɱ¾вܳɳһսΪ֮ĽʿԼѡĵ·ûκ˻ڡһսɱҴ׽ʿһս޵еġǧʿҪҪֵãȻֵá
µȻһЦ
ҲҪջ
޵Уɱġ
۾Լǡһ˳ģսһ置ģɱģҹսĴнʿǴĲƸǵѪԣΪУھһȥô׾ţԱᶨǿ޵֮ġ
Ц˵
һսʧҲջ
նɱǧ콾ɱռĵر鱦УָıڷǰǾһʾ춯صĲƸ
߰ɣսرգһ¡һսɱΧ󣬾Ѿǽڣ뿪ȡѫʱ̡
Ц˵
һֵ̣øˡ
Ҫ֪һΣɱҹսҹ֮Ужʮ꣬ѪɱݻħǣɱҹаħɵĹףǴ󵽳ĵز
ɱһ񺣾ˣһ㹦ѫϾˣʮ㹦ѫͼˣһٵ㹦ѫླˣһ㹦ѫԪ񾳣һѫ񾳣һǧѫ龳һڹѫ
˼㣬ʮɱҹаħ֪ﵽεȾ˵֡һ֡
֪Դħжһٵĵر䡣
ѻڷغ󣬱ҲڲϵĻָڰѻ˵ֻҪ㹻ĺǣ㹻꣬κ𶼲⣬Ժܿ޸ڶԣƵĲ֣Ѿ޸١
ٺ٣ڻˡ׵ģҪлУҪб򣬾ƾǣ˵ҹսϣͷݶм˸ˡ
ͷ¹Ϥʱսʱǵ˵һĸ̧߰ͷ­һάңңĤҵ̬
Ҫлͷ¹צ
̻Ͼըëˡ
Ϳͷ¹ʮֲ˳ˣ֮ǰҹսϣǿ˵һưȫڴͣڻ҇Nɪ̣̰
붼룬ת˹ȥ
һͷ¹һֻŤһһڣһӵľݡ
浱̫
пֻҡҡͷһžͽʡĵĶ˳ȥһ۽˵߰ɣ뿪ҹܴħ֮гһΣǰȫˡҲ֪ڵħսױʲô
ʮ갡֣ںܶ˵Ѿǲ׺ɣ
һȥһ˳ɳ
Ҫǣħ֮꿪һΣ׵۳϶˱սڻ֪ǵʲôҪú˽һ¡ټϣս˵رվУԻȡĺô
磬˲š
磬ѵȵȡ
ЩΪεĲƸĺôǾ޴ġ
ͬ˵飬ҲҪ
ʱսֻһΣпռʱ仳ѹ£ҵʱ֮Ȼûа취԰ѻӰ죬һ·֪ǿ컹ڽд
֪Уӽг˳
һ̤Ŀ⿴ǰһֻ֪ʱ˹ǽʱâһȻֳӰңɢˡ
׵ۣڻˣãã̫ˣҪٲ֣һҪΪλ׶༪٣ҹսУڿû£Ǿ̫ˡ
ңɢ˵Ц
ü䣬ϲɫ
ȻܻŷħսⱾһϲ¡
ˢ
иҪ˵ʱͻȻ䣬һεѹգһֻɫƾճսϣڳֺֻȻĿУѻǡУƺһ˿Ī
ۣ֮ôֵġֻ۾ƺעʲô
ô£սǻһµʱôѵҪǨƵսĹע
֮۵ĳ֣ʿΪܹ֮飬;Բͨ¼巢ʲôȴֻ֪ܿ²⡣Ҳܱ֤׼ȷ
д׵۳Զ⣬ҹսжʮꡣɱҹ콾ˣ¡ƽ͡
֮£ȻԿһ޴ƽ̨ٴγ֡ƽ̨ϣ磬ڴ˧Ҳų֡ƺڴУҲʲôˣˣֵľٶ
ֱӴħսʿԺСܹе˼
սϣһžһ󻶺źһƬȻ
ˣ׵ĻˣǻŻġֱ漣üûκܹסķ⣬׵۵ķɣҪﵽ۷塣
̫ˣˣ׵۾һħսϵӢۣ治֪ηصģľ£϶һɵ顣ֻҪͺá
֪׵ۻõʲôĽĽԲ򵥣һǳģδµĹͣ޷ġȫ鱦
֪׵Ҫۿķɡ
սһƬ۷׷ס
ŵķΧ˲ͱ㱬ˡǱըˡܶʿ콾¶һϲ֮ɫ
׻ţѾˣ̫ˡ
ɻ¶Цݡ
û£ܵõ֪ʲôĽ϶ͨһ¶ЦݣҲв²⡣
֣Ȼֱͨʡ
Ĵֱʡ
Ǻûӡ
Ȼᷢʲô˭Ǻǿٵͷһء
Ҳһڴ
ҪԵңɢҲЦŹϲ
ϣˡ
ڴ˵
Ҳޱڴ׷׿ƽ̨ϣȴŴϲĵ
׵Уд󹦵أش˸ʮѡ׵̨ѡ
翴У¼䣬Ϳһ貵ڡţһ룬Ȼĳƽ̨ϡ
׵ۣǵĴӢۣܼǲףǷˣʮԴѡҪúѡǴԵŶѡˣźġ
ڴ˧Ҳ̲סѵ
л
׵ͷԼƽ̨˿û⡣صΰ˭ܲˣȻҲûдҪܹ
ǿģѡʮѡʲôԼ
һ֣ǰʮȫһӡУ·صĭܹá

һɨȥĵһеΪ֮ӿ졣
ǺȻһĺһ㣬ǲῴģԼھһܻ


1685 ʮ
ҪǷκʱ򣬶ǱƴıܶͨߣĹ屦Ϊȥʿܣ󵽼㣬ഫرԴֻҪȡ͵ӵнط֮еһԿס
ӵƿشĸ
֤ΪʲôѽԪΪȱĳԿס
ţ˭󣬶޶ԡ
һǺǺıȻҲ̫ѷɫǸǿ
ı˭ӵе̫࣬УҲԽˡһһͷĶԶ۵Ϲ屦
Ȼûں̫ͣãѡһǰǣıûмֵԱȺߵĴڡ
漴ڶ
ǼƷҲأһص֮
һĸһĸʿĺôܹս壬뷨÷ɱ䣬вԣǺ˫ǿǱκΪϹ屦Դ֤
ڴ˧ڽ
Ȼеӡ൱ġܴҹսйѾһ繱޷Ĺѫ֮١ҲһЩССĽܡ
ȷʵǺö
аԵͷĸκ鱦ѷɫĳ̶ֳϣҪΪȷԣҲĿԡ磬ĸ뵽ӡУǲǿӡǿ
Ҳûм
⣬ͬһصһڰɫ
һΪĸܹ塣ƿ֮ͨУͨõɱ䣬ͨѷɫκ鱦Ǳǿ
Ҳڽܵ
һĸĳ̶ֳϣҲͬһεĹ屦ǿʵõɱϹ屦ƽʱǸ޷ģֻпٵ֮пܵʻǺܴ
ҲֻܸĽ
ˣûĵ̡
ö
Ķˡ
ĸ˵ʵڣûа취ĶҪ֪ҵġĸܹٴηɱ䣬Ǻʣͨ鱦ΰܹɨһУѹһС
ڸ϶ɱ䣬øǿ
һıܡ
һʲô
ٴοһһҲܶأһöӣɫӡ棬ƺճĵۣ񶼱ȥʮ졣
һöӣ˵ӣӣ۵ĺġ
ڴ˧ƺһ˿ɫ챦ӵ޷ǱһԪ޵ı
ഫһԪУһۡ
ҲһϼԪһԪ˳ɳܽɳǼ£ѷɫΪ˳֮棬о޴Ƶġ׵ۿҪúðա
Уƺűζ
ӣۣ
඼ھ
һԪսҹǼΪӲҹɱպǿ֤ý飬ֵ֮ߣȺѷɫֻǺģո߶Ҳһӡ
ֵɹû뵽ȻóһΣ۾һսµĹѫʵ̫󣬽Ϊ籣һ콾־ȻѡһЩ屦ڴ˿̶Ǻòĵĸ
󣬿
ЩͬǶ屦һĸһĤ
ĸԼͨʥ壬Ǽͨɫ⡣ֵҲ֮ǰļѷɫ˶죬ԵΡ
ĤĶϣǿٳ죬øȹ̣رԴõɱ䡣ֵߡУ޼֮
δϰĿɶѵһ׵Ҫϸ
ٴοѵ
ĻᣬһΣԺ󶼺
߼ӡӵͿڿٳһ磬ңӿٵ磬Ǳ޴ܹнΪǧǱڸǿҲδǲܡɱȴ̨ϻȡҪɵĶ࣬һΣ̨ϵĽֻ»ᱻ棬ȴһսٴοŻ
ҪõӣõһλᡣȻһлҪǰ
ڰ˼Ҳ򵥡
һöӣϹճĵƣƺָܿ顣ڵ
ʲôӣһ㡣
кѯʵ
Ƕ屦ӣ˵öӣһµ֣ȥֻҪܹѿͿԻȡһпܷ죬Σû֮ǰδ֪ġ
ڴ˧ѵ
Ȼ£ôġ
Ҷܹ״̬ڴܴͨߣǶϹ屦֮͵ġеĶԴõУǿǿߵġǿߵ
ֵȻ޿ɹ
һȸᣬһһԵ챦ֻʩչһΣȴԶ֤вʮأ׷֮Ҳ޷ѿȸ׷ɱ漰ֻ֮Ҫɱ
ھżһɱܹ֤вֻҪУһŶĴɱȫѹˡǴܶ
ıȷʵһ־޴ջֻʩչһΣͻ᳹ױڣͨ߶ᶯ
һҲͬ
һоŲ㣬ÿһ㶼ɢϵĵһۿȥһ޽ٵĸд
һĶɶһɽٵһ鱦һʮı
ڴ˧ָһ￪˵
Ŷܷ˵һ˵
¶֮ɫܵĸоʮҪ
Ǽ򵥡
УÿһΣʵ򶼻һЩΣսѵģͻ֮ʱˣ磬ǵĽѣͻʱ٣Ԫ֣Ǹǿ˥ЩѡֻҪһεסͻۣȫһ˵ĶɶܹԶɽٱ־ʮǿ棬ڷʱֽһɵʱɣﵽ鱦ʱǽɵֽ֮Ҳڱе뱦ɽ٣Խɽ
Уһ˿ƶ


1686 λа
У
еԣҲɵĵһһ˿˿ɫ
ǿⲻһǿ
Ҫֽ֪٣ʼʿͷһУһȻ޷˺ֽ٣û˭˵һԶɹƽ¡֪ʿΪûаնɽ٣ѡԶͣĳ׶Ρ׵Խ硣ڶɽ˵˵ɣǶһɵİգǶʿԸⳢԡ
ĶɶȴɣʣǱʿ֪ǾԻΪ˶
Ͼһɽٳɹңʵǿʵǻȥĸڣû˭᲻ϣԼøǿ
ؼǣʿ̫ˡȫۺĵ̡ѹ˵ڣܶඥ˲ţҪȥңԼͻ
壬ʵ̫ˡ
֣һͷԷ졣ۼһǿ׷档
ĸĸĸȸᣬӣӣĤӣĶɶÿһǹ屦ÿһԸᡣ
ˣ׵۴ʮ屦ѡڸѡˡ
ڴ˧˵
еԸ񣬱Ҳʲô̫̰ĵˣ˵ʵڣһ̣Ҫ̰һ¡Ϊʮÿһ˵дðǺѸ䡣пܣҪȫõ֡ȴƫƫҪѡһ㣬̫ˡ
һоЩʹ
δ´λ֪ܲܶ඼ֻܸĽ
ϧȫҪ
һ̾ӣĸĶɶɡ
˵ţץͺԥת࿴ıһۡΪ࿴һۣоʹˣǾʹ粻ĺá
ˣȻܴԼһܸľ޴ôΪֹ֮ģصϵԶˡֻлǫ̃ĽֻҪлᣬǾ˭һòһҲҪŪ
֮漰Ǳ̫󣬴Σ治֪ܲܵõһԪԱȣʱ˺
ĸɱĹؼΣ´β֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬲òѡ
Ķɶδ׵۳һ˲ǿߣΣҲǲܴģֵȺҲѷɫǸǿ
ϧ
еڵѪҵĸҵĸҵʹ
Ҳһʹ
ˣȻ׵ѾѡˣǾأһΣ׵ۿǹѫ޴ħѫϣνռͷʱкôġЦĶգգ۾һصı顣
˼漴ͷ
һ⣬δƽ̨ʧ·ذѻС
磬ѡʲô
غ̲סѯʵڴ֮ɫ
ţһЩıǿһĶɶѡı֮һжɽ٣ɽκֽٶЧνһɽٵ
Ц˵
ӺĸȻױ¶Ҫй¶ȥһ鷳οܽһŵɱﵡ
Ƴ˳ɳںϡѾǼܻ֮ȡӣǾǼһ壬˭֪ᷢʲôﵽʲô̶ȡص䡣
ܳΪۣǱȻƳǻΪһŴ׵۳ϵ̡
һ㣬Ҫ֪
ΨĶɶǿ¶ǰģңȫԴȥ
׶˲ŵĿ޵ġ
ʲôɽһ漴ѯʵǷԶɽٺӰ졣
ᣬɽٺ󣬲ܵκӰ졣ƽʱɽû𡣡п϶˵ĽûģֻǣɱĶɶˣסˡЩҲǱɱյ㹻࣬δزܳɾʱɾǵֵĳɡǿ޷
̫ˣһǴȫħսٴһ˲šܶ˭˵ֿԶɽٵʿ֮͵ġ
һ˷ܵ˵
˲ŵǾһɱԻ󲿷˵ġ
ˢ
ʱȻԿУħѫƾճ֡ų貵⣬һ˸棬¼ľսʿĹѫ
ħѫˣΪ۾йѫѾͳɣʣһ£Ѿʲô̫ı䶯
쿴۾Ĺѫáþˣ
ҵ졣
쿴׵۵Ĺѫ
һ̣սϣǰѻǣʿһȻĿðϵ֣о𺳡
ףС
ѫһڡ
һ֣˲ս콾ܣ֣ûа취ƥп⡣ʵ̫ˣ󵽸Ͳ׷ϵϡȫ֮
ʮ꣬ҹսսʮ꣬ɱҹаħǺܶ඼Զ֣ɵɣѾۺѫӲҪ˵һսնɱҹǺġ
һڰǶôӴְֱѹ콾޶ֵĵز
׵۹׵ۣһռͷΪס
ɽϣʯҡҡͷ
ԴҲû⣬ֻҪŻһεĴսû˭ܹڹѫ˭
ͬʱܿѫϣ׵۳УŵľųҲ׷׵ϰ񵥣棬ѫҲλǰéսʮ꣬ɲǿЦġһ۵Ĺѫʮϰġ
ħѾʿǰһΣϰ˺ܶöϣҶܽ˽Ϊ
лص
仰Уʿ׷׽ħ⡣
ҲкܶʿضģⱾǿģʱԶһܶˣ֮ǰͽѫӻһˣûˣȻкöŽȥǽһѽ
֪͵һˡΪʲô顣
ʿһʹ
кöҵҪһ
Ҳ档
һ䣬ѾħС
һȥȻǰܶ඼ѵһıĻǸԵԴ
ʺ񺣾ѪϾԪǿϱԴ֮õġ
ͼĹһܹͼʱ֮ںʱɣų֮
ླĻԪ׳õġ
Ԫ񾳵񵤣ǿԪõġ
񾳲εĴ
ֵҩħУǶûƵģֻҪйѫͿԶһڶһУҲʿѡ
ЩȻҪȴеѡ
ϸȥһƷǰмʶ㣬ҲɰһˮҲܶһ


1687 ˮ
һöö貵ˮңɫͬΪɫɫɫɫɫɫɫɫϽȻɫͬƷҲͬɫˣΪͨˡǴӵеˣոսկʱˡεġ
ʣˮɫͬǲͬ׶ε֮
Ʒ޷ġ
ˮ̺Ȼˣʮ־ˡˣκˣˡÿһƷ֮䣬вġ
ɫˮҪʮöһöɫˮģҲԴơ
Ʒ׵Ĳ൱޴ģԽ
˰ⲻǶԸ˻˵ޱҪӰһƴҪһЩˣ˳ˣ׳ǿˡһҲˡ
ԽǿУżͻԽࡣ
ܶһˮζܴ顣
սУ绹ǵõСĺôҹаħʬеһжҲ⡣
аԳ
ǾͱȻˡҹ˶ȻȻĹ磬ռ۳ˮʣǴҪȡ֮ڡ֮ڸ׳ĵ̡
⣬ֻԺһ
ĲùܣֻҪ֪ˮѾ㹻ˡ
ˮһɲˡ
һöɫˮҪһ㹦ѫֵɫʮ㡣ɫһ㡣ɫһǧ㡣ɫһڹѫֵɫʮڹѫ㡣˽ɫһöҪһڹѫ㡣ɫҪһǧڹѫ㡣ϽɫҪһڹѫ㡣
Ҳ˵еĹѫ㣬ҪһĻֻһϽɫˮһöѡ
һöϽˮֻһϽˡ
Ҳˣÿһöˮֻͬһɡ
ڴ׵۳ɫˣ۳צҲ˵һöɫˮצһɡɫˮҪʮڹѫ㡣
۸һİ
ֵǲֵȫƾĿˡ
öȷʵǺö˳֮Ϊܻȡˣη磬ȫʱڵõпûоʲôֵáֵ
һڹѫò֪ãˮȻǶơ
΢󣬾Ѿɫˮһһ˰˰öĹѫǧڡʣǧڹѫ㡣Ӱ˰ɡ
Ѱӡ
жһˮɸѡ
Ҫҵģ֮ǰӣ֮ǰûѡڿܲҵҪõǾһֻҪõٶ඼ѽ
ˢ
ǰĹĻ˸ȻһѶϢ
ӡ
֡
ޱ졣
۸ڹѫ㡣
֣ȷʵޱ죬Ҳ۸ȻҪڹѫ㣬֮ǰƽ̨öҪϸǿǱֳֵ֡Ҫ̫߳ࡣ
аԹ㡣ҪڣǱҪ٣һǧڣǧڡֵ˭޷㡣˾Ǵˣֻѡܡοܵõ֣Ѿܺˡ
ûԥֺķڹѫһһö֡ڴδô׵۳ٶһֶԴ
ⶫһĹѽ
ɸѡĸ
һ䣬ٴοʼɸѡ
ҪħУûĸ
ϾⱦҲδؾûа
ˢ
âһȻ䣬һĸǰ
ĸ
֮
۸һǧڹѫ㡣
һƣΨйѫǰʮɲ̽Ψа׿ɶһˣ޷ģ޷һƼ䣬һֻܶһһ
Ȼжһƣǰʮ޷̽ǿԲģҲֻаײܶһֻ۸еߡһԳ
Ҳ֮ǰǰʮļֵһֱ۵˽⡣пܣ⻹Ǳļֵ˼Żݡ
ɸѡȸᡣ
йâ˸Ѿ˽⣬ոտ䣬пڱУֻһ̡ܿңֻܶһһҲ˵ֻܴѡˡ
ȸᡣ
һ챦챦ɱ֤ǿߣԪͨܲɱԪ
۸һǧڹѫ㡣
һƣΨйѫǰʮɲ̽Ψа׿ɶһˣ޷ģ޷һƼ䣬һֻܶһһ
ǿȻԼֻͨ켶֮ͨһҪ򣬷ͬСɡҵĽԣΪ۵ͨ漰ӦÿԶ𵽴֮áҴҪһܼǿߵ
аԳѡ
ȸ۸ܸߡԼǿйأĳ̶ֳϣǿвԪǿߵֿܣֻһ˿Ҳֵõ
һȸᡣ
йâ˸ûȥƷһǧڹѫ㣬ֱӶһϴɱֵֵãֵþѾ㹻
ˣйѫҲȫһա
ʣһεջǾ޴ġ൱˵ġ
Щ˵ʵȹʱ䲢Ƭ̼ѾɶһбҲС
ħȷʵٵĺöҪһĻλԾһЩƷӦûϵơȵУޡ
еȻһЦƽĶ˵
ϵĹѫҲ
ҲԶһһЩҪıһΣ´ħսͲ֪ҪȵʲôʱˡҲŮ˵
ţãڱпһ챦ڣһԺԶҵĽм档Ц˵
ŮҲҪƷȻԥ׷׿ʼһĲ˵һηյʢ硣
⼸СһȻսˣȻе֡ûһث˻
¶һĨЦ⡣΢΢ͷ
صħսϣѪ֮ϵѾĸоսϣԼѪĵסȻɻǼСһӣȫսˡûж
ˢ
ּ䣬ռи֡
ɻϣпռµӡǣսϿٻϡЩռӡǣǸո̤ħսʱܹϵСһʱϡֻǣҹսû취ϵԲŻûκηӦ
ȻͲһ
ռһ򿪡
ɻǶʱ˸Ӧϵӡųâ˲仯ΪһռͶӰ
Ǹס
̫ˣǸٻǡ
֪ͨȥнʿ׼ϣԽռţǰȥס
ûԥɻѾѡսҪȻҪѡع飬սϵջҲҪһϡ


1688 Сľϲ
̫ˣڿԼ۾ˡսҹжʮ꣬׳٣ֻǵ۾ĵǲĴ档սϣ˭ܱȵϡ
׵ۣ֮׵ۣԸΪǰһС䡣ҲǸ֮¡֮ǰҲ׵ֻܸڴ׵ӵŮߣڿԿ׵ݡ
һ죬ǵ˼ʮꡣϰգҡ֮УӦʩչ̨ܵη磬Դ׵ĵ̣ȻῪսŵĵ·һῪʼ
ʮԴսҹս֮Уǿν졣û˿֮ôвܵͲţ׷׶Դ׵۳ͶЧ˼
ֻǣ֮ǰҲ׵ټҲ޷Խؽޣɱҹս
ɻǽս͸ǴһѡǾ׷׵ߣԱӵŮһͣԺ棬ҲϹϵοҲܴЩӵŮϣһЩѶϢ
úܶ˾̾ǣеѪöǿһȻʣΪսͬУ޵аĴڣһʿ
һ㣬úܶʿڴ׵֮ĸǿҡ
Ůˣοӡ
׵۳еһ˳ΣȥǾͱȻиĺôӵиĳɾ͡Ϊ磬Ļ졣
ڿĿռţһ˷ܲѡ
Ȼ׵ۻˣҲ۷壬;úü
ûгɣ̤սĴ׽ʿ׷׿ʼ̤ռţǰѻǡȥʱһԥûС

ѻǡ
ռйâһֻһװѾɴչ¶绪Ṳ̊˳һ۾ͿŮӰ¶˷֮ɫԥķһˣ˽лС
˶ʮˣģһֿǶʮꡣ
ɻˣסʱȭͷ˼ؿڣһ˵ü䣬ȴǻϲ
ǺǣãããҵĺŮǳˡ껹һСŮѾɴˡǣδ֪ҪԵ콾
ЦǺǵɻ˵ԴǸп
ʱ̫ˡһգ۾ǶʮꡣŮѾˡǳɳĹУȴߣò˵źڣվţңɳеĽ
˵ʲôءЩ˹Ůʲô顣ⱲӣҶҪԶڵߡɻǽ˵ģҲֻڸĸǰŻչֳ
裬衣
ɻҲԱߵŮ˷ܹܵȥڵ۹УŮĳƺҲ֣ڶ衣ҲĸԴԼĸûȻɶ񡣱˴˼䣬ûʲôƨ¯鷢
õĺܡ
һ㶼֡
ɻˣء
Сٻѯʵ
ܵöѾսֱڲͬսսڿռţӦûȺ
ɻЦ˵
ȻͿռУϴͳĴ׾ӣͬʱ޳ҲȺ֣ٸ˹໥Ȼһϲ
ܺãĺܺá
¶һĨЦ⡣
ܿԼŮɳˣⱾһֵø˵顣Ͼûʲôֵء
ڼμ۾ص۾Զ
ʱȻԿڼӿռ̤˳к󣬵͹ݼһʤϲģ
ĺҲǷɣЩ꣬ɻҲǶԱտȺСһ֪ǳʲô¡Цŵͷ˵
Ǻǣ۾ӵŮǶĺܺáҲûй档ңҲ۾پϲΪ۾ٵ˲š
ڼЦǺǵ˵
Ŷ𣿡
Ȥ˵
ĿɻתһȦˣǺȤ֪ǵ׶һЩʲô˲š
΢ɻǽ˹ȥǽ˲Ŵȥһе˵ѻҲʼΣħսϽƶ
С
жڱϣһ
ǼڼǱģǹЩͶɻǵ˲šЩȻǿĽӽͶڼҲûֹֻڰУѾֶͨΣ뷽跨ĽǸԵѶϢռȻǺȫ棬ҲѾǴ󲿷̽鵽ѶϢ
е˼˲šֻЩݬ롣
п˵
кܶʮϤ֡
磬Ͼһ֡˾⡣
ʷУҲһţһ𶥼ʷѧҡġͨǿǧţʷѧϵһ󲻿ĥΪʷ׾޴Ȼӹɡ
Ҳܿʵ൱䱾Ϊֻͨⲻһʷ飬ͬһ챦һʼǿհ׵ģ˾Ϊ棬¿ʼдʷǡ
εʷʷһµʷ顣
·߱£¼ķչ׳ǻЩΪͨĵ¼ʷԽ࣬ʵԽǿĵУ̺ʱ⡣ʷǹȥ
˾ӽɻǣûٶֻǼ¼ħս顣
ʵܹ죬ڼ֪佻̸ΣҲ̸һȷʵḻؼ飬ܶ඼䡣
ʲôðġ
пϵһ֣΢΢ü
ĴȻö˵ʷϣǳСˣ顣ƷĶӣҲΪܵģ˵ܲ㣬вţͳ˿ǣĲ㣬֮ƵƵһΪĵ˽̫أһãͻᷴ
Ӻο˭ܱ֤Ͷ
Ͷзյġ
ϣڼҲͳȽ
Խǲ
пһ֣⡣
Խɲͨˣڶʱڣһһ뻯ڵ꣬дԣս˫սԽݺ޵СԽ֮䣬ʤԽʤ֪Խһʵжǿ
ں£ԽĽʱȻǿᣬһʵʥ
ֻԽһȱ㣬Ǿǹļǿ٣ųѰִ
йĲ£Ҫ٣Ҳ¡֮УеλãֻҪвܣ۾ͿԸǾʩչ̨ǰǣԼõλ
ĺͣԽʲôΪ硣
пѯʵ
Խ츳Ϊƺ񾳣佣ܿ£նɱһҹ콾佣˵Ϊ콣䡷һնյաʮְԵ
ڼ˵
ԽĹעС
Խ׶սǽϵľ콾
ţӦѾˣǶ
׵ͷ˵


1689 
ܿ죬һȺòһʿ׷̤С
磬ۣͨʿ磬Ҳ罫磬̤У׷׸оƺһεѹһڵۻʵѹûʩѹжڴУֵۻѾĽڡȻȻܵѹơ
Щ˶ǰȻ
ȻǴ˵еĵ۾ڡƹ¡
ҹսжʮĴ۾ҸоһʬɽѪϢ֪жҹаħ׵Сľ
̤еˣжһͷ
ʱ򣬴Ÿᣬž޴𡣾ͺñڣûܣһ
μ۾۾ɸ롣
˷׷׹ͬĺ
ƽ񣡣
׵ͷ˵
л۾
˵˵ǿɲ׵
еһ֧ӵеĴ˵κ˶һε塣
λҲһ˽⣬ǶǱ۵ŮҲļҴ׵۳Ϊשߣһͬɳ˲ţҴ߲ܣֻҪǱģ׿С׺ɰٴе˴󣬲İţҪȵش֮󣬾˲
ƽ˵
ȱ˲ţ˵˲žͻſߣЩҪصģڴ׵۳УѾһ׳ϵƻתЧʸߡ
ңչҲǸɵ뵽ϵ֮Уܵų⣬Ͼ󲿷˶᲻عصˡһȺУǾࡣ
Ȼ۾˵Ҳѣ޹زɷԲ׵۳ߵ죬ȻҪչʷΪܿ
Уֻһ̤˳һɫ˵üżᶨ
ʶǸոռڼУΪҪһʷѧ˾⡣ʷѧˣںܶ飬أʷݲɳӣһۣʷļسִعءסأʷԴȥܲסأʷͲʷ
һаչͺã˵׵۳вѧȷ磬Ҹ벻ѧл֮˵һǺܳڵͨҲͷͬ
ĴŲǺܳڣֻһ򵥵ۡϣҲһĪĳСҪǳ˭̫⡣

аһͷ
Ҳͨˣ츳ڻǻȡҴУӵһ챦컯ʣֻʮ죬Իٳ棬ڻֽϵ壬ֱӱġһֻϻǾĻһֻϻѪ꣬ϣʵϻûκ
ǻһҲܷɳһ
ٳ棬ǻ۷ֻ컯ڣȴ׵ȻҲƵġȫȻ޼ɵ컯õĻҪһīˮΪ컯īҪѪҪԸīƷǴʿʼĲʣʣʣ߲ʡ
û컯īҪٳ棬ھﲻʱҪѪ۳֧ţʱ򣬲
˵۳Ȼ֮һоǣӵҡ̺ԸĶ
õѡвѧ
黭ֻҪе£ԳΪһи컻صΰӰټҶˡ
ˣҶȥɣħսرգöһĶȥһѡҴףǾͽҪŵúðȥѣҲһϣҴףԶš
ƽ˵
ǲûж˵ʲôȻܶ඼˲ţֻҪ뿪սףԺȻ˽Ļᡣ

¡¡
ʱһΣգۼѾȥʮ졣
ʮУսϸ׷׿ʼΪ밲磬սеԴħزȵȣҪռıһЩ֮໥ͨ߷á
ħս϶ʮ꣬ȻǲսҲʶ֮ġ
Ҫ뿪Ժ˵һӶôҲҪ໥һ¡
кܶʿǾۼһ໥俪ʼͨޡ챦ȡ衣֮Ľһ̶ñȽģһжΪԼȡ档
ܻڣ˶ջǴա£Ƕʮֵʹ졣
ͬʱѻҲһοС
һεĻУֱħս壬ʿ
׻ƵĻ챦Ʒܶ඼Ūģ磬ƽƳɽľƷʦƳĸֵҩƵȵȡһ൱
ؼǣԴԴϵҡ
⼸ʮڴײļ£ұĲ˵ħսϣڸĿУѾ׽ܣǵһҡǲҲǲ֪пܻĺǣռ֣ȡҵ֣˾
ںܶ˵һֲɿܵĻҡ
ڴ󲿷ֶʹҵͬʱȴʹãǾһࡣ
ǻᱻųġ
սҪʱ
һεѹա
ܿУһ޴Ĺƾճ֡
ħ֮š
ʿ󣬵һ۾ϳŵ
ħ֮š
ˢ
ħ֮ųֺûжãȻԿâ˸䣬һ޴дһ޴ķﳲɽÿһڳֺ󣬶ۿɼٶգ޴ޱȡ̾գһȻ
棬ȻԿˣӰƵƵ֡
ǵС
ս֮ϡ硣
зɳգһϺȡ
ţʹٳŶȥսλãȻ£С
ҷѹ֮ء
ĿãҲԥļԦŷﳲ֮أһɽš
룬֮ء
ҲĴɽս룬ȥɽ˲Եþ޴ޱȣѹսķս
һħսϵȻ䷢ɱ䣬ƺرݶøӵļǿ֮ͬսķ
ˣǹҪħս⣬ٷ硣
ðڣսϿǡԺ԰ˡʵû١
콾ĿãҲǰһ
֮ǰļңʵ򣬸Եĵʵû̫ʧģֻЩݡڴսĹУջһĺ֮ʵħսܲҹ׿Խأ硣


1690 
ǰħս飬嶼ϲּġϾʵ̫ǿмȥԸ嶼һ־޴вѹҪǴﵽ㣬Ȼǿķʱ嶼ΪˣɿµĻս
ңҲҪѡ
ΪǣʼѾĴ룬ʣˣѾϡٵ޷ǿʢȥʱû⣬һʱ䳤ˣȻָֻᷢл룬û˥֮Спܡ
ûˣͻ˥

Ҫǹ˥ܣͻ˥ܣͻ塣
̫֧࣬ŲסǼư磬ѡǰħսһܿԽѹħսֵҹϮȡ£ȡˡϸˮ
ǲòΪ֮
ȻҲд󹦡
ȻֹӦı
죬磬ƣīѩͬʱҵС
ôûһȥ֣ӦвȤı죬˶ҪˡЦſŮ˵ͬʱԺѾһĲ²⡣
ǲҪȥﳲɽпһ
ǵݱϾĵϵˡֻ¸Ե˶ѾħսˣҪȥδزԣпռڣѡ
ǣҪǰݷ÷
Ц˵
ǰˣһǣҪͷһ档ӦҪ̸ǲȫƾù˼ǵݡһԴ׵Ϊ
īѩƽ˵
޴ӷѾϢϢأһһپ٣ôѡǶֵĳء
ǺǣöģȻͣȻҲûвĵ׵ͷ˵
ͣǿ϶Ҫġô֪ǵ⡣
ֻ֮Ҫ̬һжΪ⡣
Ůͬʱ뿪ȻͣѾǣߴţ飬Ȼʺٲ֣ǲͽգ뿪
Ů뿪
ʱͶ԰Уͤڼ档
һҲ΢΢ЦЦˣ嫺Ů幫͹ةࡣ
һ콾ϢϿߣϣͣе콾羵
Ҳһ콾ΪŸ裬һòӢǷȺУȻ㵹ǧŮ׿Ⱥ񷡣
尽
羵
Ÿ衣
׵ۡ
ڿкҲûбֳ̫İ׷׿ڰݼ
սϣҲûжʱ̫İսҹսƽеУѾΪһִ档֮֮ߣͳ
񣬴ҲݣûҪ̫ݣ°ɣãѾ⿺һʳ±߳ԱġеȻһЦʾ
ǰϰڷһϵʳ
ⲻǳʦ⿳ģʳġʳĶǣһ䣬ͿԱʳЩ󲿷ֶƷʳ
Ϸɵģߵģεģȫ
ûʲô⣬ηﵨ֮ģòʵǲʰҲչŮƽʱҲ׳ԡ
óԡ
Ҳûп׷ӣƷһԣһǰһԺиֳ֡ǾǾȣܡ
óЩգڳ棬ģʵ̫ˡ
ŸǸ̾˵
һ߳Ҳһ
УҲʶ˫ĹϵϵڣҲ൱˳Ѿſڱտǽ򣬽ġţȻ˵
Ϻܶ鶼Ǹ׿ڡ
֮УӦûûȷްɡ
һתͻȻѯʵȻѯʣʵѾ̽ĺ
ûС
һаףǵĿѾʼ¶ˡȻϴ׵۳޵λáҪ֪ȷޣǾͬݣһһپ١Ҫˣʧ˳ǹޡޣҪĴ˵ġζţ׵۳еˣһֻᱻڵա
޷ͬһ㣬һ˳ͼڣǾ֧
˳һʼпܾѾȷ˳ĹʲôȻУӵиǿɳȥ
ȴһ
ӲƾʵϽɳĸ߶ȡĳ̶ֳϣ޶ڴ˵ʲô򲻿ȱĶУҲԣûУҲûκιϵ
ȫǿпޡ
Ȼ֪ǵ˼Ҳûп˵ơ
򣬲֪ô
ԥĿ˵
Ҳ
羵Ц˵
ҷҲûгΪ˳Ĺޡ
ŸȻ˵
Уڵı¶ҪΪ׵۳޵Ը
ѡ񡣡ЦЦǰλѾ֪ȷʵҪиϵǸܵһ
ʵҲҪѡ˳˵ֻ뷷һֹޣ뷷һҲûʲôԡ羵ͻȻ˵
ȴ͸¶һȫ޷ŵ˼
ǾȻҪͬʱΪ׵۳Ĺޡ
Ժпһͷǻۣǻе˼ֻֿܣ̫ˣһĸΪǣԴ֣ϧսѪɺӣ޹ĵزһɽݶӲҪ˵ޣ˳عޡ
룬߰Ĵڡ
ң羵ֱӽһָ߶ȡѡ񶼸žˡֻҪԸ⣬ǾͿͬʱΪޡѾƤҪˡ
һ㣬ȷʵжЩֲ
ѡΪޣ
гţûش
ǰǺ£ڸոտ˳ʱҲ𵽾Ե档ڣҪ޸ʲôó𡣹޸״ˣˡ
һֹѾˣҪⲻǿЦô
Ѫô
ӲҪ˵ǿΪ˳սķģ嶼ѾҪǨħսˣеֻʣ΢һСˡʲôá
һ̸о˶Щˡ
һſ˵Ҵû׼ҪȷޣҪ濼ǵġʱ䣬Ǿ˭˵ˡ
ӡ
ƨ
˱
ԴˣȻЩʧ֮ǰ֪ϣĿԲԣҲڽܵķΧ֮ڡȻһ㣬ֻǰݷõĿ֮һ
Ҫġ
ԱܾҲûбֳѿŭ
ֻǻһתƮƮĴȥתƿ


1691 ͼ
ܳɹȻǺ£ܳɹҲвɹ׼
׵۳ߵڣûƾ֮ʵѣ·𲢲Ҫο嶼ħսУǳΪޣҲûа취׵۳ģֻǴèСèֻѡ𵽵治󰡡ӦҲ
ȻʧȴҲû̫⡣
жߣȻеĹؼ
η磬ȻҪչս֮·սķô׽šϽ֮·ٴο˵һתѾԭתƿ
ΪħսҴѾ۶ʮꡣѷᣬ˳µ顣
׵ͷ
һûʲôġ
ҲҪ峷룬У󲿷򶼿˵ġΪµĵ̿ȱսңԻ൱ʱ䡣˳˵ûʲôܱȸĵĸҪ
һ㣬׻ȥܻŹĻᡣ
ҪĻţһɽӿͼĻսž޴档羵Ҳ˵
ɽӿͼ
ҲһʼȤ
Уռ󲿷ֽϵϺУڣʼ渴պЩ죬ͬһݸǴͼ漰Ĵ󲿷بŴ½Ϊģǽ򷱶࣬ڿͼУ̺ڵſ֮ء¼һЩɽ̺زıѶϢ
Ÿһ԰˵
˵Ǽһͼеļֵ֪ڴ󲿷˵޼֮Ҫ֪滹¼ŸԴҩ֮أһȡͿԽʡǻȡָԴȻЩԴķֲͼȻȫġֻһЩš
ɾǴţֵľ޴
ͼô
һѯʵ
ǲܵġ絽жû˿֪ﵽ۷ʱûа취ȫƿ磬ӲҪ˵ǻɳģÿ죬ÿʱỵ̈ţڲµĴ½򣬽ţֹġ
˵
ĴСһܵ顣
ഫÿʱÿ̶µĿռ䡣˵Уһص壬·̳ĳְǾǸǰؾͷпٵ֮¡ϿٳµĿռ䣬죬뵽С
һ壬ഫ̹Ŷ壬Ϊ񣡣
ȴӵޱȿµ츳
ȻǺ󻰡
Ҳܹ˵磬̽鵽߽硣
ˣյĿͼһ޼֮Ƕ־µ˳˵͸ҪԽӵĹؼ
˵ɣ嵽ҪʲôֻҪ۸ʣ⿰ͼҪˡ
г˵
ã⿰ͼ͸ףǿ϶ġò˵ͼȷʵġпܣȻϣõ֡
ֽ׷ʽһ֣Ϊ׹ޣȻͼ˫ַϡ
羵Ц˵
ǵڶء
кԥѯʵ
ڶǣ׽֮ڣ򽭺ӣɽйƲ꣬Ϊ𣬷ɽѹػ𡣴׾ʿòɱѪᡣ
Ÿ軺˵
ȴ΢΢üҪȡ׽ڵĺɽֵƿȨǴӦɣ״ĲȷԡǴ׾Լĺƿزˣɽ޷ɽЩǴ׵Ľôǳ磬ҲԲ̫١
Ҫǲ㵽׵ĽУռɽ´ںεء
ȷʵҪˣ棬ʣôʵķǰǽһֱѣԶᱳѵ¡򡣶Դ׾Ī
ǻΣ׸ġΪУγǽƬϢ׳
˵ֻǽй֮ġ
ĺ壬ԼҲΡڴսУȫ䣬ǿʧǺʣǽҲδɡǣľ񣬿һûˡ
ףռɽӵĿģǿˡ
Ҫ輦ָˣ׳Ⱥ
վϣȻռڴ׵ĽǶϣǾ𼺷ʵС
ȻⲢǿѾڿƣóͼҪڵͱҪȥҪǲҪҲû˭ܱŴӦ
һԳ󣬻˵ͼȷʵ׽뱣ҴףҲ£ֻҪҴ뷷⣬Ը볯Ϊһ뷷ƹɽҲδɡ׺Ϊ׳ӣҪܵɷ
ûдӦҲûоܾ
Ǹ
Ծ˵ݽ׽ռ˴ĺôˣȻǲܴӦ飬ˣݣһܴǾ͵ǳΪ׳ӣǵļ룬ô˵õǿУкôɵá
ܽܣǴ׵ĴΪԶ
⻰һǵɫ΢΢仯Ȼû뵽лᷴôһ¡
ʱãǻصк飬нȻ֪ͨ򡣶ң⿰ͼҲδزܽףŽһ죬̫Щӣ꣬ΪմȻ꣬ǽԸ꽻Ļ⿰ͼԸ˫ַϡ
ٴο˵
һΣȴǽĿھսϣеģʣ̫ӡ
²Уֻ̫鱦꣬޷ָ˵Ǳôܸá꣬޹ءٴҡͷ˵
Цȥսԭսô
ͬ棬ǿ
оܾҲûж˵
ֻϵرš
һٷ漴ͿڸǶȥ
ûֻǾȥ֪ξܾ˵ã֮ĹϵᷢһЩ仯Ȼֱ仯Ҳ¡
ͼҴ׺γԡۻƵͼ¼ɲᣬһ㣬¼䣬˭
йâ˸૵
ٺ٣˵ĲĿͼȻҪȴδҪףֻҪƿ֮µĽпߵļֵԸϸĽм¼һһͼҪġôҪҪھһҪ뿪սһɾҪȵһսˡ֪Ҫ϶೤ʱ䡣У绻ȡҰ׹ڤѻı⣬Ѿ㳨
ͤϣ׹ڤѻʲ֪ʱվ棬ջĻ


1692 ɽ ɽͼ
սҹʮ꣬ȡ԰֣кܶ궼ǿ۵ɲǺģЩʹڰѻУÿοڤѻһ崹Ρ޲õȥ
ȻǼܵĶз
ȻΪһεĶһڤѻһóϱĵرҹսոĸֺǣɱսҵҹħĺǲЩƱòϡ
Щ꣬ļ£Ѿһ챦
Ҳã͹ȥǱߵĺöЩ꣬Ҳǵá
ЦЦ˵
˵Ҳڽ쿪ʼһڤѻеЩ걦Щ걦óڴ󲿷ʿ˵ǿԼɱıлԵɱ鱦ҲǲܣǱеġ
챦ѵã˵ϡ٣ɻ걦ȴǰ׹ڤѻһġֻҪԸ⣬Ҫж٣н鱦Ļᣬôֵǳ
ӲҪ˵ڴУתı
û걦ļֵ챦ѷɫ
ԣЩ걦Ȼǲ׷ŹҪȻԤµôڡͱ
ʱ䣬׹ڤѻƴ컯¯¯
Щ죬Щڤѻ۵òᣬûѪ
ڤѻȻǴϲ۾·Ѿ֡
ʱڰѻ㳡У·һռ䣬ǳˮʿڻĽнףȡԼҪĸֱһռУֳһ׹Ǿ
ѻУֻҪҪ֪ȻҲĺġ
Ķһռ䡣
ڽŮҲ׷׵ִ
磬ҪһڤѻĻ걦ô̫ˣǰɩɩ˵ڿлۼʶʶЦ˵
׹ڤѻ壬ȷʵ档
Ҳ¶һ˿棬ü䣬󲿷עȴʼϡ
սһζһˣϣԻȡһЩõıЦ˵
һ˿׹Ǿ
棬ͼ·һƬ嫵ıٲһǧٹ֣һۿȥ۾ҪʵʤһΣڤѻ˴󹦷򣬺ܶһԪıģ
ȻƳʲôĻ걦ڿǰڤѻԼ
вȷʵ̫ˡ
̣֮ķʽСʲôͶС
Щ嵥ۻҡ
ٺ٣Щ׵ǻ²ٵ꣬ڻһꡣҲһڵꡣģһΣƳıˣɽ纣Ȳħ⣬Ҳֵ
ڤѻһ̣׻ԱƴĽ
㿴Ҹ˵һһͼеļƷɽͼɽͼڻ걦УǼƷɽԼ¼ɽ򣬸ѶϢԴزޣػȵȡɽͼӡòΪͼеòɽͼӦıСȡɽеһҪǵò仯ɽͼеͼεòҲŷ仯ֻҪӵУ׵۳ͿӵϸĵòԴأοͼ޶ȵƿؽı仯˳׵ֵۣӵС
ڤѻʺԥ˵һſھžһѡһ仰ⶫݴǮ
кŮͷðһߡ
Ϊ꣬ڤѻڲٶҪˡ
˵˵ɣһ۸Ƕ١ɲҪʨӴ󿪿ڡ̿˵
ҪǵǴתߡҲͷ˵
׹ڤѻĻ걦Щ걦ܲһԪЩ걦ʿҲǴ۸㹫᲻֪ʱҲˣĻ걦˵
ڤѻľħӡ
걦ֵҲ൱ֻǣЩ걦ƳʲôãϡŹֵġͬߡʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
ɽڡɽͼҲڡڵꡣ
ڤѻһ㶼⣬ֱӱ۸
һ壬ǿͯ۵ġ࣬ҲԲ١
ã걦Ҫˡ
кԥĵͷӦ
Ĳ˵ھࡣкöֻֿԶ硣ȫ¡
ֻҪӾС
ڤѻЦǺǵĳȡڵ꣬Ȼһհ׵ͰĿհͼǰⶼҪɴԼȥռѶϢƵͼġ
ȥҪһλûɽͼܲ
Ժһͷ
ⶫȥܣֻӦ˲ȥ
Ȼڴ׵۳У˿ڶ࣬ȫҲӦ˲šʱһѡЩżȻᴦã졣
ˣϴ￴һȸᣬʲôطó
ͻȻ뵽һ¡ҲпȸᣬͲ֪ԼһǼ챦ȣʲô֮ͬ
ȻУȸᣬʮڵꡣ
ڤѻЦǺǵ˵ȸƵġƳ⣬ҲһԻ걦߿в֤ܣȻ֤һԻɱȴ߰˳ɵļʡȻ֤о޴Ļ걦ûа취ģֲֻܱ䡣
һֻ֤شǻɱһǼȻɱвԪ߶Աȣʣżġ
öȸҪˡ
йâһȴԥĹ屦˭ӵе̫ࡣ
ϣȸˡ
ڤѻЦ۾Ҫˡջʮڵꡣ̰
ػ򣬱滨룬Ѫս졣ҶһϴοĶ걦һǮˣȻܴ־Ͷ֣봽ʹ˿֡
봽޵а
Ǳ滨ǺñͬΪһԻ걦֮ǿڡαȸ֮¡ܹͬ嵽֤ܡֵ࣬ͬҲˣǸһ̡
ѪսѾõĻ걦һҪ걻һˣҪһڴ׾漫Ȼǻ򲻿ȱġ
Ҳչ걦Ķһ
籩޽ȭףѪᱦ飬»顣ĩսѪս޷ȣʥ߷䣬궤ʯħۣѥȵȡָĻ걦ֻ벻ûҲġʲôϡŹֵĻ걦Сȫս˵ޡ磬һ͸һĻ걦øƷԹжأж
һϻǯϻǯôûУǿ԰γֶӡ궤ǹײĶһϻǯȥܱ
л걦ܹüϡ޵Ƥƥ֮ġ
ֹŹֵ;С
ǳ
ܶ඼ʳ֮ζ֮ϧ
ЩҲûзŹûģھǮࡣ봽ˬ
һ󣬵ʱֱӽժ¥Уʵͺá


1693 ĸǮ
һ׵һȻˬĺܡȡ걦ôġЩ걦Žժ¥УҲֻǷḻ̣ЩսҪʹ͵ʱ̡нʿҪسҪ챦ǲģɻ걦Ҳ
óȥǾǻڶʿı
Ӱ˵ģʲôС
з
ǹӶӡƿ«
ܶ඼൱ˡ
磬ģ࣬СһЩͬսһԸʮϰٰ˴ĿġȥԺ׳£ȱõı̥
õϡ
ʲô
ͻȻ䣬һǰ޳۾һѯʵȻܸȤ
޳Ҫô¿Цѯʵ
ţոտⱾᣬͻȻЩӦá޳ͷ˵Щƽһ㶼ʲôĿڣǾĺϲҪ
һħޣаħƤƶɣӦз䣬γһ飬ֽŶ̺Թڲֻ֮걦걦һ֮飬д֣ʩ䣬ɱԷȻҪⷨţĻȻǸá
ڤѻЦǺǵ˵
걦٣ĹûԹģͳͳһ¯˵Ҫܡ
ţ޳֮壬Ȿ֮鵹Ǻʺ㣬ɱҲǲʱΪԷ֮ȪԻΪ졣ϴħжһ˴伮һ飬һߵļţǸݱһַ£δػѷɫ
Ц˵
־ͽ֮һҲѡ
ļСҲ׷пеĻ걦
Ҳûж˵ֶһ
ɻҪһᣬʮ졣̺߲ˢˢʮǼĺãδزܳΪһɱﵡ
Ҫö飬ֱǽľˮ׼뵽ԼлС
»ѡ飬һʮö顣磬۳󷨡ֻǺķѼ󡣷ǱѰ
׷ҲѡһмöԸ󣬼ͬоֲͬͨ
ѡһں«ҪԴ֮ϴһڽ
ЩжܣǸԵѡ񣬵Ȼǻһͬʣл걦ԸԷ֮ȪϴĻᡣһһΣѡ
󣬴Ļ걦ԴԴϵıжһûãȶһ˵
֪УһöǮҳǰ
ǮϸȥԲڷճϵϣ·ܿĹâʮء
֪ΪʲôڿĵһۣʶıڤڤеһָӦ
һöʲôǮҡ
пѯʵ
Ƴһ걦ƣ̺ŻƻǬĸʲôЧδ֪ӦǶԻòŶԡҪ۲ߣֻҪڵͿԴߡ
ڤѻʿֱӿ˵
ĸǮҲʲôá˵ǻȡĻ걦ѡ
ãˡ
ûԥȻĽȡ
Уַ·Ĺϵϡ
һ䣬óһҡǽӲӵģûʹùҡ

ƺӦɢĲĸǮϹâ˸ųĹâǶڡԿڹâУЩҾȻʼʮصı仯
һööȻײ󣬿ٵںһһööö
ںϵĹУʮȻҲ൱Ѹپˡգۼ䣬һöںһ𣬶ңںϵĹ̼ϵĹâԽԽȻգۼɱɫ
ɫҡ
⻹ûֹͣѸںϡ
ںϣٶȸ졣
ö
ö

תۼﵽһö
öҷǲöɫѾɱһϽɫ
Ͻɫҡ
ȻĸǮȻһֹķʽһһöɱɫһöɱϽɫɫ̺ͬԵɱ䣬̺ǿҪӾȷʵ˾̾󡣡
нһöɫҺһöϽɫҷֱУϣвģһöһöҵһûһģһġ൱ˡ
֣
һ䣬ȻԿɫϹâһֱһΪ򣬻Ϊһöɫҡ
ۣ
ҲɢٴλΪɫҡ
ɢ֮䣬ν档
úúãԭˣȻһҴ֮ƣ˿ɵңؽΪĻҡûκλҿ赲ֻҪöĸǮĸǮںһǾͿңֶصԽںϺĸǮԷ֮Ȫ淴죬ɱ졣ؽø졣
ԺеͷԽӵĻԾ˷ܡ
ʲôǹ
Դ˵ǸеĸһҾǽ͸ӷ㣬Я㣬ңЩʿ˵ҲҪһҰڷߣֱӺϳɫϽɫҾͿԡȵĽ˵ͻøӵķ㡣
ô֮࣬ǳ޷ġ
ĻĸǮڤѻԵɺ¼ҪƳڶöѱ֤˵áΪؼһ޶Ĵڡؼ˿
ЩͷֻԺп
ûж˵ּ䣬ѾȫڻĸǮ޷Ӱ쵽ңһжȵٽмһת䡣ţܶ൱ľϲ
һҲڼ
ò˵ڤѻεĻ걦׼൱㡣ȻûħӣóĻ걦࣬൱ˣȻڷḻĲǰֻ
Ľж֡
ȵȫʱڤѻĿأҲһɨաȡ֮ģǺĻ걦ո
һ˵Ƿˡ
ֹ̣ŮСҲǿ񼤵
ĴֱʣҲֻܿ
޷
ʱȻš
Щ죬ʼڳÿĽǳ󣬶ңÿӴɢȥģҲǳÿζƣʮڣڣǧڵսϸɢȥ
ҵӰѾԽԽġ
ЩЩеǵģҲЩǲġ
翴ֻƷͺõĵҩʯһõˣǳˣҪ죬ҲҪɱģƷԳΪҾƵĹؼô׶ռһЩ壬ȡһЩ˶ѡ㲻ʲô
ЩǻҲֻ
Ͼ˭֪ڴУǿġ


1694 컯
ʮ³һ
һ죬޴ħ֮ƾ֣ħսϿաӵĴţȾѪĲã
սϣʿ׷̧ۿħ֮šеĿԵüΪĸӣҪ֪սУһǶʮ꣬սɱνÿʱỵ̈Եǻܻڣ˵ʵڣܶʿоһҪˣҪһãȫпսϡ
ܻڣֿ֪
ǧﶼ˵
Ҫ뿪ħսˣ˵ʵڣľˣе㲻뿪ˡսգҲǻԵЩԭȵƿͱƣͻƣɱǰСʵƽеĿ¡
ʿǸ̾˵
ΣγǻԵ
ȵȻҪûβܳɳ꣬γɲ
λžջ񣬸ӲҪ˵ħжһ´ԴЩҲԸ߸ͽԴԽһ󾳽硣Ҫġ
ʿδڴ
ܻţ˭ջʮϲˡ
Ҫعˣս⣬мܻءһΡʵ̫ˡսͬս֮ϡ
ع飬ָпȻġ
ϧ᲻ܴƳ£ʹɷҲ
վڳǽϣ̧ۿѻڵλãеʹԶ˵Ҳôû뵽μ棬ȻԼֵֵܷ
ģλֵ𣬱˴˼ֵ껹ڣολڴ֮Уδһ£ΪսңǴ⣬λǱߣδһ·ҲδزӵϵһŦ
˵
ҪԣвõģȻҲкõĵطڡ
Ҳֻˡ
ڻ˵ʲôֵѾزˣҲûǰȥȡ뷨ֻǷһߣҲҪܡοһҲûкôشսȥĺ¡Լ˳˵һ֧ǿļ͵Żȥչš
ʳҪ۳
еҰѾʼѾ˲ݡֹסڷǡ
Ҫعˡ
ǸпĿħ֮ţһսϣջǰδеģЩ꣬ҹսϣսռūΪãںУӵеսѾ㡣
¡¡
ʱħսϿգ׵ĳ컨׹ţУһ˸ɫصľ޴񵥸֡ʥϡ
񣡣
Ű񵥣սʿʱޱȵڴ֪Ű񵥳ֺ󣬾ڶսĹѫۣ۹͡ˡǰսϵֵҹаħĽ͡
ֿˣ֪һڵڼλ
и̾
Ǵɱҹսжʮ꣬ɱԣһΣλаףǶǾԲܵ顣ЦǺǵ˵
ʱ̡˵Ƕϲ¡
̧ۿսϣκεط񵥣Ҳܸܵǹĺɲ⡣
ڰϣһֿ˸糱Լ䣬ƺʲôҪֱ֮ӿֳ
ĳ֣սʿаһ˿ڴ
УǴϻȡԵ컯ֱǾ춯ء
һοʱֵٰ׵Ḷֱ́ӵõʮ֮һսʱֵõһĺ֪Ƕô컯
ںϣֻҪϰ壬ǰнģֱӰͷ䣬Ҳ˭ֵܷ࣬ĺôԽ컯Խǿ
һʿ׷Ŀ񵥡Ȼ󲿷ʿ֪һΣռݰ׵ĿԣѾûʲôˣһȷԼ϶
Ҫ⣬ǲżˡҪԼڲ棬ǲǰé
쿴׹Ȼ塣
ʿ̾Ǹ֮ɫ
棬ȻɫĹ׭֡
壡
ף塣
ѫ㣺ʮ׹ѫ㡣
û⣬ԶҹսɱҹаħټеĹͣڰ֮λλϣ̩ɽûκ⣬ֱռݰ֮λ֣޿ɺ
֪˿𺳡Ըп
ڶ壬⡣
ȻռݡҲǴһγɵĴ壬ˣսͬƴɱҲ׺ޱȣӲսӱռݵڶλá㹻ࡣ˭Թһȡ
ϰĻ壬ħȵȡ
ϰȻӵоǿĵսġϸʮ־ˡսܾʮǿƵġ
ϸֳ
濴Լģһǰéģˡζŵõͽࡣ

֣ȻԿһ޴ƾմӰð˳ɢ貵Ľ⣬˲ƿնƾʧ
ϴҪࡣ
п׵ͷǸ˽ֱ뵽֮СһںϣʣӴ֮е콾ӡ׽뵽һʢ˲űֻҪպã˴ţ׳
󣬻иɳʧС
ЩǸ˽
̫ˣѾоˣоض·𱻴򿪡
ԽǿԽܵõصڿȻˡǸط򣬶֮ǰҪ̫ࡣ
һʢҪʼˣǻƽʱԲݴҪǴĻźġ
ʿоϵı仯һȫ¶Եϲá
սƴƴΪĻ
׼ãлԵ٣컯ץסλᣬԵõͻƽ
һܵ˿ѵ
ûмǴඥ컯ԵԺ
Դˣ˶ûӡ
ˢ
лʱȻԿӺϣȻ䣬һ⣬Щٵĳħսʿ˽ȥⲻһ壬ħսʿЩаġ
컯ˣ
ֻһɲǼ䣬ʿ̲סзһѾӭ컯׼
ףඥڼ
ںʿ͸оҪǵΪ硣ֱӳڵıȥܿصϻΪģԴԴϵĳԼıȥƺص컯Ϊص⡣
ʿϲ
ȻΪԼıʣֵͬϲ顣
˵һ컯
磬ڵķΪĳֲȱ޷컯֮£Ȼıֲ׵ĿԽһ


1695 ׵
ܶͣڷεıһ̣ȻֱӴ˱ܱƵĽޣ뵽鱦ĲΣΪһ鱦鱦ڲķģЩĻһýݱĸơӵǴӲȱɱ
һֲȫһɱ䡣
ͬо컯ԴԴϵڣٳźйעȥ
ķġűȥ뵽ԭȵĽ֮Сԭȵĺ޼Ѿʮɴ˿̣컯£ķıøӸӣ̺ĵӵ¡Ƕĳֶصԡ
֪У޼ɱɺ޼컯ڱ˵ö飬ɱһڻĴڡĻ磬ȻȻ仯ƺһص컯֮ת䣬綼·ˡı仯
Լ䣬ԿУƺһ˿Ϲۡ
컯룬ϹԽԽŨԣ֪оͻ۳ΣΪһ

п̲סзһ
һȴǺȻȲϺҲǼΪǸĸͬһε䡣
ʲôؼһɫϣ󲻿ԣһͿԴ۸עƶһӣֻҪȡҲԵǶ£Ϊпۻ֮壬ң۵У䷢ɱ䡣
ǵ۵κηЧ
÷淴졣
һ֡첻⡣
鱦ĸһͿͳһ鱦ֵ֪ȻǳġͣǴӷ鱦֮Уûκһ·˳ޱȡ
ǵõ컯ˡΪֵ޿ɹ
иܵɱ䣬и̲סһ컯ڱɱ޷ĺôøӼǿᣬѾﵽ᲻ɴݵĵزı仯硣
ڻУֶϡеԴ
ֻһ֡
磬ĸ̫̫̫֮֮֮ĸȵȡֻǣĹûа취ȷģ˭治ˣɻݱпһ䡣Ҳпֻһʱпʮ꣬Ҳпǳǧꡣ
·ΪĻ磬вһЩ䣬Ϲ屦
ܶ඼ʿǴԴҲı
пܣ鱦Ȼֹ屦Ҫʱ䣬еҪࡣ
Ȼ棬컯
۾¶ϲ֮ɫеȡ
ȾıΪǰȣвǣǳ֮Ϊһ壬ʮ컯£ݱ䣬⸱ȣı仯Уγɰء̺طˮɽ֮ԽռСѹĥ𡣻Ӷȣܴ߶֮
ν췭ظӡ
սԣǸԵɱ䡣
ҲϲЦտε컯еõ޴ôܶ˶ԣԼΪĻҪһЩϾΪ磬Դʱ䣬Ǵõʱ͸ˣɱǸһӣ컯£ĽƷı䣬øֲȱݡɣκκôҪ
Ҫ֪Ҫɱ䣬ԵĽģǲɸĵġ
˿Ƕ컯
ԣԴˣսϵʿоʮֵ⡣
ջ񣬹ġ
ˢ
컯⿪ʼɢʱ
ֻԺУһ
һΣȴʿֱԲ˼ٶƿն˲ڡ

һµĺֱӳڣΪڵڶУ⣬û֪һ㣬кںλõĽ
ӵߣ׵Ĺѫй׳Ĳ֡ȻĹ˳䵽ϡ
԰λý飬ڱȡλ֮ǰû˭ܹ֪ġԶ˵ȥܡõҲ˵ȥΪһڰλùͬܡ
Ҫ֪˵ȥǴ㣬ΪԼľô
Σǲ˵ȥġ
ǰõ飬ûжκŮҲˡЩ˵ȥˣеڶ֪㲻ܡ
ظҪ˼
ɫĽһȥ
ܡ
һλʿǡؼң
¼䣬ʱһħ֮ȻȻһ⡣
һգۼͳڰѻǰɢϵѹⲻʵĹţֻһͶӰͶӰѾһϰĸо龳ָоʼûиı䡣̺ΰ
ų޴ޱȣɳǧͬʱ롣
У䣬˷·Ԩһ̣ȴû˸о£һĪļڴʮսǶڼҵ˼ǿҡ
𣡣
һ䣬ֻսֱӳǰ̤С
ŮһۣЯһ̤սСҲһ̡ͬҪǰ׵۳òҵȻԸٴηֿҪһȥħսϣֱټ򵥲顣
̫ӷһûκγɣսͳħ̤֮˽ȥ
ǡؼˣ
һȣһһ֣һ֧֧಻ϵĳħ̤֮˽ȥȻԱսУûôع飬һҫʱ̣ȻҪԽаյĻź
ͬʱʼ롣
ֻħսϡ
⣬صʱ䣬пԶ

磬׵۳
ƳС
մӼ߳ڽֵϣ㳡У̧ۿգ޴ޱȵħ֮šһ¶˷֮ɫܿһ޴ĲʺѾգֱ쵽ħ֮ǰֱͬӴŵ
ڲʺϣȻԿһĸµĵۺװ磬г޾ķɡǴ೯ҲУɳ֮Ѿ׷ִͨûһ©֮У֮еˣһȱϯ
֮ǰѾ֪սħսеĽʿ֮գ滹ڣ˭ҵҫ֤ʱ̣˭Ըȱϯ


1696 ֱ
Ѽ赣ǣԵ۾ʵսϣԲڻ£ڴ׵Ļƾܿ۾ضãι˵ֻдԵ컯׻췭ظĴ仯
߿ƽ˵
ۺ룬ƺܿǵĹâ
ʮ꣬ʮսħսĶʮ꣬ҲǴװչϢ׳ĶʮꡣƽУǻײĻ𻨣ı仯ȫǳġЩճϣҲڸϡ񣬴׳ҰУõĴ󲿷ֶǷɫĸַۡ
·˰սܡǲ
칤һδεо£Щͳһ֮ΪǿĴܣܹͨѶƵ棬̽飬һ壬ܿٳۣǿǿ˵һķ׭дƳĿհǿϡճơ
Щǿзͨңͨƿǿ̺ķͨӳǿƻЩͨҪԼƾǿʹáȻǿܵģõģʹôģһǿϵͨʹüκ󣬾ͻᱨϵġ
ƷȴͨķҪǿĶࡣ
һķֻһԵƷʹüΣܲʹãʹúҲҪʱָǿʵһֿںϵý顣
һڴкʢУΪӷ㣬ӵ
ǲҪԼӵǿս
ĳ̶ֳϣô׵ʵõǿ
ƿʦȫһƷʦתҵġתһ·ʽȻûʲôѵġɾͿɡңӦ֡ʮֵ˵á
ͬڻдռ䣬ԴƷǴռ仹вŵǰᣬҵֿռԵıȥ
Ун޻꣬Щ޻꣬ǻ޵еĻޣ뵽ڣΪһĴڣ·Ǿһ㣬԰ƿɳį
ڣѾǴ׵۳вɻȱƷÿһ˶ǱرĶԳͻȡһԭʼȻɳҪӵиֹܣǾҪԼһ㻨ǮȥˡЩҪǮҪǱġ
ڴ֮УǱҼҲ࣬ʵֻҵĶһ
һ㣬˵ʮҪ
ɱɴ׵۳ܲɷֵĹؼڡ
磬ܶʿѾʼֱԼɱޣ̽յĹУʿۿֻǣڹۿУҪһǱҡУʿԼսУ̲ͬģпٳһռ䣬ԵĴָ㡣
ǼǧҲ̵ָ
ģӵķ㣬֮У׽һʮصʱ
ܿ˿̣ƳϿգһöɫۺȻա
ƿصĲ֣Ϊۣ׵۳ڵĸֱ仯Уֻƽʱ۶ȫתֻڸ߲μأ磬ʵﵽһ߶ȵĴսɱĲͻ۵ļ졣һȣղסȣȻӡ
󲿷ǿߣͷһֻʱʱ̹̿עԼǾǲڣɡɣͻʧȥġ
ֱ̽ʵѡӵһ۵Ȩ޶ѡ
ڣȴֱ֡ΪľǽԶʿĻ棬ֱӳڴаǰȫֱȫĿ

Щ˵ʵ򲻹գ֮ѡ
˫ĿѾƳǡ
Զ֮⣬ɳǵİʿͬһʱ̣ϣȻͷųͶӰĿ˿ƳǵһСɳУרŵľͶӰͬʱۿĻ档
侳û
ɱɱɱ
׾ţս޲ʤ޲ˣɱɱɱ
ҵսѣ⣡
޴ħ֮УͻȻݳɱ޾ս⣬Լһֱ֮
𣡣

һսУֱӰһãйâһȻԿǧɵ̫Ӵһ˳ףãȻȻĳϯȥУķĿã𺳡
Ǿսǵ۾ݡ۾ڻˡ
ǿֻһݣѾоǧ޷֮⣬д󲿷ֶǿߣпܶ޷Щ̫κ˺ᱻѹ
ƳУĿãʱ¶ϲ֮ɫǴ׵۳ĵ۾Ҳֻе۾ӵǿݡʲôݵ
׵۳档
Ǹܸܵġ
֪жٽʿ
ҲǣĽʿһһȻսûв˵ġֻʧٵѡ
䣡
սһħ֮ţڲʺϣķһĨ֮ɫ漴䲻ȡ֮ģһڵϣ̤սϣ·ٷǰ˷
һĻֱֱӴݵ׵۳наС
޾Ŀȣݣ糱ˮԽռĽޣӵ
۾ɸ޽
ȵźӸɳг֡
ʮûг֣ûڴеӰκԽԽ̣аնΪ˭ġ
ңÿɳУеĵ
ڴռУеĻö֮Ĺݣҵƻ
һ̣սħսһ˲䣬ͱ㡣
ӭ۾
ƳȺ׷׹ӭӵ

ҲĿС
׵ͷּ䣬սվߡȴûж˵գȴš
̤ħ֮ţͿһʿĲٳ֣ڲʺϡǲǿֶ飬ǿһڿڹǹףҹаħʬĹǹסǹװŵսҹսϵĽʿӢҡΣЩҴ߹ͬЩʿ
ţ
׻ţ
ȸţ
ţ
һ󣬳ڲʺϡÿһɢŨɱ֮ɱǴʬɽѪɱɷÿһ֧ţԱÿһ֧ţΪ͵ģҲﵽླ
һ𣬾ܸоһεѹ糱ˮϯ궼ڲȫܸ֮ܵǰ׾ôֲɱ¾ս
ǿȳǰ֪Ҫǿ٣ÿһֲĿϣܸоһз֮ʹڵľôˣǰʮôȴӵһһš
ܶ˷˾ı仯ζŵĶ͸Ӳɹ


1697 
ȻĿ⻹ǷЩڼϵĹǹס
һʶĸֳһȻ֮顣
Ĭž
һ̣û˵û˭ֻǾšעš
Ŀãһ֧֧ħ֮˳ѹѹģ̤ڲʺϡЩţԶȵʱҪĶࡣӵľˡȫԲ²⵽ЩӵľţȻħսϵġ
Ⲣ⣬ͬ׾ͽ
ڴ׵ĵ
ȻԽǿԽá
ҴӢң⡣
һ췢һź
Ӣң⣡
ʿ׷׿ںдһֲãһֱ롣ԼУߵźǹͬദսѣֵܡ
Ӣң⣡
Ⱥ׷׿ںΪսɱʿ˭Ҫ𾴡ˣЩȺҲˡûӢңڵĵλҫ
Ӣң⡣
һ̣գͬķƳǣд׽ڵɳڣͬʱλ᲻֪ЩǹУЯģǴսҹսɱӢʿ
¡¡
𶯡
ȻԿ޴ĳǴӴ׽߾ʼ֣黯ʵֳѪǷ·ΰ漣Ų˼顣ֳͨѪɫڳǽУ·ܿ׽ʿӢر߽硣
ʿǻؼң
һ³һ
ˢ
ѪϣųһѪɫ⣬ԽصĽޣǰʺǰ·һ֮⣬ȴŽʿȥ
սѣ
һȡ
һ߾߹ǹ׳Ѫдݹȥǹʿʬǹҹаħʬ죬ǹףǸʿǵļƷ
һѪУܿЩǹףһĳѪǿȥ
Ի£ͬۡʦҸìͬ𣡡
һʿ׷׿ڷĸ
Ի£ͬʦìꪡ
Ի£ͬѡʦҼױУ
Ըսһ·ߺãΪǣ겻Ӣ棬⣡
һʿͬķЩʿʬԾ͡
սѪǣÿһʿе룬ҲеһĪսɿΪػ߽ķػеգǲ£
ߵսһԸѪǡ
ס
Ϊ壡
ֽܿ죬գ۾ͽʿʬȥתۼ䣬뵽ѪУѪٴοʼǣһѪɫĳשƺܿһӢڳиǲս
꣬ȴս棬Ӣ鲻
ԸӢ飬࣡
Ҳŷź
˴սħսλкףҴ׵۳λйѫס壬֮ס壬ǿϢ׳գ壬׳գҴף
̧ۿķ³һ
׳գ壬׳գҴף
Ⱥ
շźһ̣һŨŨԺӿļ䡣еĲȫ£һսʤˣҹûгħսˣںϣٴռݰףζţٴεõе콾ø࣬˶кô
׳ΪףǾ͸дװոеһԵԺֻһ㣬˶Դ׵Ĺǿҵ㡣Ǹо޾Ľ
ԼĹȡ
ܲоԺ뽾
ʿعս磬нʿ̽ס
ƽ磬Ե磬нʿԵѰ£֮УɳǣԵ紫ʻŮӽԿǰԵ磬Ծѡ¡˻һꡣ
д󳯻ᣬгǰߣȡ޹ټ
׹ͬ죬£дҰöһʳһ
սʿѪǺϢȻѾָûκγɣſھ³һЩǽһ㣬һԼȳɱġ
׵۳֮УһȻȻΧת
⣬⡣
ͳͳ⡣
ڴ֮У֮ǬƿһС
Լġ˳֮֮
Գ棬˿档
һһУǷǵ
³󣬻ּ䣬սսƳգ򹬵˵ĵ۹֮С
սʮ꣬񷵻أȻûбĿ˵ġ
ص۹ɻ˵С׷ȥԻصסŮȴֱӽ˵ĹСһȥҹûκ˴߳ûдݳֺ
ֻвʼһڵĹ档
ĵȺš
ҹȻǴͬߣһҵս淢չšΣʵ޷˵ҲʵǺг̫ǿǲ𣩣ڵ졣һ䣬ѾƳǺĿռ֮С
վںĿռУĸоԼƳǶӵױȵƿΨһףӵпԱΰȻЩֻһִѡġ
ƳǱøǿˡ
аԸƳǵı仯
˳ɳںһڡ
֮ѾΪƳǵĺԴԴԴϵ£עƳСͬⲢΨһԴƳԸΪɣԸƳǿԴԴԴϵÿʱỵ̈кԸƳǣΪƳǵ֧ɳǵת
˵ڣƳӵ֧ͬתУһ˫ա׼˭ɳǵĸӵѹһеĵ̡
ڵɳȻ֮ǰҪˣԸÿ춼Ƴǣ׳ɳǣų塣ֻҪԸƳǵǱ޷ġ
ƳѾں˳ɳΪһ壬֪ӵ۵ԣֻݱʲô
аԳгһöӣʶİţڿǣǲҪںϽȥһںϣ˭֪ᷢʲôпܻᷢ벻ı仯
ֱ仯Ҳûа취ƿصġ
ҲΪƿزˣŻԵóɡ
Ȳȵ˵һ²ٵˡ
гһöɫĻĸǮվһ޴ĽɫҡǮǰһ䣬ҡǮϣȻķɳһöɫҡ
һöңǱˣԷֱ治κβͬȴʵʵڵĸǮؼ䣬һöҡ壬ֵ
õöǮҺ󣬷·һֱܣĸǮĸǮȻصһȻ󣬾ôɵںһںϺĽĸǮеĽƣȻĶһЩġ
öɱĸǮֱʧˡ
䣬ٴγС
Է֮ȪϴΪ졣Ѿһö鱦ĸǮΨһ
иĸǮı仯΢΢һЦһָĸǮٴ뵽ҡǮС


1698 
ϽɫĸǮڣ̺ĽѾı䣬ΪӦǬĸĽѾĸǮӵޱ

ĸǮٴ뵽ҡǮУȻԿһȻ˳ĸǮؼŵȥɢȥ׷׷ɱ䡣
ףô¡Ҵеôɫġҿ洢ʮöңֻʣʮöɫҡ
ڹƷʱͻȻԼдҷ仯ʮöôʮöɫңкȴоԼһöͷ·öҵһ
󣬾ĸоһڤڤеĸӦһ䣬ɫֱӻΪһööɫң಻٣һöȻ⣬ٴλΪһöɫҡɢֱ֮ޱȡ
ҵĹԹԣ˼飬̫ˣһöҿ۳ɫһöң۳Ͻɫֱýʱøɡ
ǰң˻ҪãڿֱӽɫңϽɫȻû꣬ɢɲ벹ȫ۳ӦɫյĹУȴᷢ仯һ㣬ʵ̫ˡܺãʵ̫ˡ
ԽԽİշҵı仯
ֱ仯ʣϲּġ
ֱ仯ڽдȵĽʱԸɷɣǰﵽʱҪóһѸСɽһǮڶ෽㣬öңҲóöϽɫҾͿԡ
㣬ǻұϿɵԭ֮һ
һ㣬Ҹġڴ׵۳ڴУǲٹ̡ڣһֱ仯ռݵ޴ķݶ׼䣬ûʲôҿսȡ
ĻһһһѵĽʹãȴѾ˵ļ㡣߶ԱȣȻ֮ͬһѹյĵһҴΪʢС
ֻһ㣬Ҷ˵Ѿ
û仯Ļڻϣٺҵͳ
Щ仯ȫȻıӦ
ܺãӴԺҵͳøǿˣǰϵĲʵӿ졣аԵͷ֮ǰȫͬɱ鱦ĸǮǣٶȸ죬һָٶȱ֮ǰʮ壬Ȼľ޴
һٴγöӡ
ɣܻᷢʲôȻںΪһĻᣬǾûеһ¡
һѾ¶ġ
ԥԥͲԸֻһöζܴ
ݴħлȡй۵ѶϢҪȴһ۵ǣٽУͬһ㣬ܹ㵥ԪΪ۵֡
ڵõӺȻҪϸ˽һ¹۵顣
۵ļأ࣬˵൱ϡ٣ںܶżУֻһЩֻƬġ֪ģҲֻһЩĶΣһԪǶ߲εĻܡ
׼ǲᱻ֪ġ
ˣӿҪӦѪϴУ
СԿѵ
ǰľ棬Ҳ൱ĺ档
һԪȻҪԸܵı仯֮ؼǣڵƳںϼɡҲҪᷢʲô仯
ţɡ
һ̣ûгɣһ䣬ն콣Уּ䣬սһɹɾѪӿעУȻԿѪȻľͱսȥǣӿСУһ˿Ѿʼϵ˴˼䣬ңңӦ
ӣ˵֣档
ڼĹСпĸо֮䣬ȻȻĲһϵ·˴˼һ㡣һԵ׽ǿԸоУ̺źޱߵΰһ㲻Ϣ䣬ϣֻǿ˵
ңеϢȻı
ˢ
ȥƳΪǣɱɡ
һûٳɣ˳ȥ״߷еŨŨϢȻĿʼ
ܿöûһ˿ԥһ룬Ŀռеǿ֮ôȻȥڿžе嫵Բ˼ٶš
ңԸ鱻һεȡȥ֮УΪӵϡ
Ϳʼȷѿһɫĸʵ֮Ĺֱ֮УƳǳӹȥ·ֱƳÿһУͷ·ͬڵľѪһᴩȫÿһѪ⡣ֹ̣ڼȡޱ߾Ը£Ѹš
ÿһ䣬Ƭƿأڡ֪У׽Ƴг壬ȫƿء
Ϳӣֻգۼ䣬ͳҶ
šΪһɫ
󣬺ԸսȥţͿǣȻ»һ𣬻Ϊһɫ˿˿Ƶģ뵽֮С֮е֮õɱ䣬Ϊһ񾮡³ԪʮֹңӾ̺ĳԡ
Ȼ˳Щ룬ԴԴϵĹעƳУעÿһ塣
쿴۳ڷ⡣
ǰ̺صĵۡҺоƳǱø֮ǰЩһ⵽ô¡
˵ƳԾԸɡÿʱÿ̶׳֮ǰѾĪҪĻ廷
аոоиоƳƺڷĳɱ䡣
ʲôȴû˭֪
ֻǸоɳǱòһڳеʮФƣƺʮֲͬһĵϡ
ЩȻܸоȴûᣬǽеȫǰϣĸӦܹод˿һ˼
һϢ
Ϣ
Ϣ
ȥϢʱ䡣ͿѾʼʢʢͬʱȻԿһ£һɫĳһͷɫĳߣĿȴֻСС磬ޱȡؼľ顣
գգ۾վڻŮĿС漴˵Ϊ飬ΪĿ峺Ͼκνġ
Ȼ棬Ȼ龹ȻǴȻѾӵɳΪҴ׵۳ǣҴҪٳ˳ϣ£һ·˳½˳ģǾͽɡ
пǰľ飬΢˵


1699 
⣿
Сգգ۾漴¶ԵЦ⣬Цݣ·ٻʢһ󻶺̫ˣˣ⣬ԺҾͽ⡣
УȻҲ⡣
ھ⣬ӡ
ϲתȦ衣˭ܸоϲá
Ϳʼ̽Ƴǡ
Ƴǡ徹ȻԸ죬ɼȡԸΪɢؼܳΪɳԴȪң֮У̺˳֮޾⣬һ˳۳ǡ
ԣУȻ̥⻹һ˵ϼԪһɱ䵽£ѹţҡ
оƳǵİغ̲ס󾪺
ϼԪһԪ˳ɳǡ֣κһ֣չ£Ƕǿ㣬Ҫѷɫиص㡣ΰһѹţ಻̥ؼ̣ǿǡΰһ򷨡
˳ɳǻ⣬ֻҪȻĵز˳жǿжǿ˳ɳǾж£޼ޡһѷɫ
ģ޾ԴԴϣ಻
ɳǿÿʱÿ̶ǿɳǵһִơ־
Կޣ˳ɳǾǷޡ
ۣȴǺɰٴ۵Ǹֱ֮뼺ΪһϽɱ䣬಻㳤ĵزصǼݡһУһСһΪáɾ
ǿĵ̣֮ֶ챦ȫԳɳɱ䡣ԹΪģЩ챦ƽ֮УһﾡãӳйЧ
Ѹͳɳǵĵ̡һͳƣҲɰԾ̾
ħؾͨժ¥Բ԰ʮФ޻أӪѧ޳ʺţƳأֵȵȡ
Щ챦Ǳ˾̾⿴ܶණڰϣûзӵ¡ԵЩ¡
ҪƿЩ챦£ڲż
ˣɳѾɱ䵽𼶡ɳӣӵ۵ԡۣÿνԻȡһĸĶ͡ۺһͬɱ䡣ͬɳÿνһĪԵɳѾɱ䵽𼶣룬Ҳܸġ
ƳǽӵԣںϾΪһ壬ĸĶͣ٣ֻӵһΣǰ漸ζ͵ܺͣ⽫һǰδеĴԵץסᣬ˵õ컯
⿴У˵
һ֣Ʒ׶ǻΪƣ˫ϣ𣬲࣬بţ㡣߸׶Ρ
ɳѾﵽ𼶣ҪںϣĶҲֻһΣǾ𼶵Ǵζֻͣ⽫һĪĻԵǰӦøĶͣںһ𡣸컯
аȻ
龳ңЩȻһֱսҹɱУҲһﵽ۷塣޽ٶɶУ۳һ˵͡ңԪ񣬵۵ϴԺ֮͵£ѾãͻƵʱѾ졣
˵֮ͣΪ֮ͣߵΪ˳еһͿһ̶ϣܵ˳ӵİڲܵʿĿ̽
Ȼȡ꣬˭ûоԵİգʧһζܵġ̫أ˵ľ衣ܽλԵ˵ɵĵõɱ䡣
ţѾ׼ˡʱԽн
׵ͷ˵
֪֮ǰѣǺԼһξ޴ĻԵ
ѡɳǽͣۿɷΪƻͣħͣͣ͡ʺɳǵĽֻͣ͡ɳ֮ǰѾ͡Ҳûа취ѡˡ
Ц˵Ƥĳգգ۾
Ƴǵײۣȫǰ·ϼġܶණٸˡ
ѡ۽򡣡ûмЦٴο˵۽Ϊսͣͣͣۺͣ
սͣרְΪսеĵԪȫΪսڡͣΪУһֻΪ˸ȡƸսڡǽרźڸۡ͡صռ֮ǿߵҡĪ⡣ۺ͡͵ԡչΪѡѡء
һֵ̣ļΪء
ʣһεѡؼģغɳǵδһȷͼٸġ
ͬ˼š
ս͵Ļ˵ʵڣвǺܿأɳں;ǿսչ£ɳǱ壬ͿѹţһдУʲô޷⡣ԣѡսͣȫûбҪڼߣοɳǲǱģǴ׵ĵ۶ô⿪ȥȥⲫⲻǸЦ˭Լĵ۶ȥײײȥġĻ˵䲻ĻǱƸ񶼱ˡ
ԣս͵뷨ֻԺתһȦһߡ
͵ĻоҲû̫Ҫɳ˳۶ҲǾиԣװվס֮أŴ׵۳ľԣڸáҪѡͣƺԵҲû̫Ҫ
͵Ļȴһأôģֻû˭˵˵ͣûκһۻͬġأǲԤ⣬˵Ǹĳصԡĳصȡؼ嫵֮ԸȵȡЩΨĵݱ䡣
׻ʲô˭
ȫֻͣͣȫܣȴרֻ˵ûκζ̰壬ͬǹУҲȡᣬвصķ򡣱ڸսȫУݵԲ̫ߡ
ЩԺаת

⣬ܲܶ͸¶һЩѶϢᷢʲô仯
΢󿪿ѯʵ
˵ʵڣ͸ӵĺ档
ȻҪ
ؾǲԤ⡣棬λãޣǺ޶ԡһѡ񣬾ͱҪа취ȡ֮ԸȵΨ֮񲻻ʲô㵥ԪĴڣֱӸصԣ˵츳ĳֹ򣬾ΣΨɱ֪пǿҲп
ûа취ȷеĶۡ
ֻܸţУϡٵģͬҲûж֮ҳԵġΪпֱܾӷˡԣģֻÿνʱܸ裬ﵽʲôΣͻᵮԡ
Ƽʱֻһԣ˫ʱֻһ֡


1700 
ڵɳ𼶡Ҳ˵ҪѡͣǾͻһԸԣȻʲôδ֪УҪĺԸᷢʲô飬˭Ԥⲻˡɳǲ뵽ԤĲΡ
ʵɳǺʺѡ͡ɳǵĳ壬Ը죬Ըص֮λã롣ںϣȻϣԽ˳ɳǣ۽ںһ𡣲ͻݵ⡣ƼĻѡӦúʺϡ
գգ۾˵
ɳΪϡ
Ȼֵóһ¡
пܸʮã۴áɳǲֻһ㣬Ӱ͡
ãѡ͡
΢ѡ
ɳǣȴܸȫµԡȻʲô¡
¸ԺܼߣҲûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ȫԳܵס
ȷΪ͡
͵ͷӦ
ȷģͣʼ֮̽ʱҪԸ飬ħ飬磬ȡȡ֮ԿС
ûгɣһȻĿʼɢϢнƳǸڡ
ͬʱƳǿʼ仯
εɳǡ
ܿкԸһ˲ͱȼյ׻ΪصԴԴϵĳƳȥһص
ܸоڿʼɱʱڤڤУĳԵڣһߵĴڣڹעɳǡƺݶעӡ
ɳڵĸ챦̫ˡƹܣǾҪ½зָš
ĿʼƳڽ°õ䡣
ʺȪɳ㳡ע㻯顣
ܿԸ˲עʺȪУʺȪ֮ı仯ø󣬶ңӵľͨ嶼˸߲ʹâȪУܿһööɫĲʺʯ߲ʵȪˮӳӿֻߣֻضʱ̣Ż᳹緢ȥΪһʺ꣬ɳǡ
һ̣ʺȪУܸоĲȻĲ
һ߲µӴȪ߳һ̣ͳڵλãҡҡݼ²μˣˡ˴
ԲʺȪΪ顣մӡƹܲʺȪÿ賿ʱһβʺꡣʱ̣װһ㣬ܴ
ĿãϵĿ˵
ʺȪѾɱ鱦챦飬ֵӣʵѾһ
һ֣׽ʺȪƳΪһ塣ܲɷֵ֡ʮ졣
ƽʮ˲㣬Ϊ۽磬۹ڣݺԲ԰۹飬ƹ԰֡ٴο˵
ԸҲڵһʱӿ۹֮УעԲ԰УʵڵԲ԰Ѿǵ۹һ֡۹ʵһ챦ڸɱ鱦Ȼһ壬ѹ˷
ˢ
۹УâһʱͿһɽˮɫװŮƾճ֣ȻУܿһȻɽˮϢ
²μˣˡ
ŮҲݼ˴
ӣԺ󣬵۹԰ƹܣƹܹŮ١ӵдһȨ
׵ͷٴ뷷
ӵĳֿǺܺõġ۹и԰֣ƹܣȻ׾٣ۻʹôһλйŮҲ൱
ǣ۾
ӻϲĴӦȻû
ڶΪս磬Ӫѹƽ硣עޱԸ챦Ӫƽ硣ɱ顣ʼһС
ӪҲȻĽ鱦顣ΪһѪɫս׵Ľ
Ӫݼˣˡϴ
𽫾ͬΰݵ
ѪӪؾս硣
Ҳ뷷
Ѫ򣬸ͳӪеĸԴ
ңǽսȫӪƿ֮ڣӦķ仯ٽֻϵĳƺѣ۵ɱ䡣
εѪɷѾʼ鲼սСӴԺ󣬳Ǿнʿ򣬽սУоĲʣܵѪɷӰ졣ȴǾнʿõڡͻ°빦
ΪĽ磬ġ챦ĵѹĽ磬ļġ
ٴ˵
ƽ罫ΪɳҪ֮һÿһƽ͸һû̫кܶĿܵģÿһƽ磬Ҫһ챦Ҳ㵥ԪѹĻĽƽ÷ӵ¡
ĵǰռ챦һֱժУɳǵȻ׵ҵһп챦ֱĽ磬Ϊѹһ㵥Ԫ
ĵɱ䣬ȻȻݱһ顣
һߣȻ࣬ȴƺܿ޷峺ƺܶϤһС
ɢˣִĵ
Ϊ
ĵĽ磬ȻȻĽ׵۳ģΪĵƻҫƽ硣Ӵ֮ܸо˼鶯ܶ⣬һУҵ취ġֻҪΪ£Ȼƣҫ񣬱ٳа
ĲΪתֽ磬׵۳Աת֮Ŧ챦ѹ챦¥ѹڴϹѫ¥ǧš
ٴο˵
һΣֱ԰¥ΪתֽŦ
¥ΪһĹ¥УϾ¥ɢȾƽ磬ƽгһεͬ覣⻷УܵĻܵһЩӰ죬ƷáĻУ±̰٣ı䲻ԭ̰̰ͬʱҲӵһЩߡ
תֽ籾Ǵ׳תĲڣƷǱĬȻٺò
Ĳתֽ硣ϣȺס¥ǧšҲûԥһʱġ԰¥Ϊģһȫ˴ţȻ
ƽƽ磬Ϊ׹ȺѪס֮ء챦ѹƽ챦ʼժ¥ѡȡ챦챦ѡϣƷѹƽ硣㻯顣
ٴοʼѡ챦
Ʒѹһ磬ɢˡƷпƣΪƣơƾĿƽƣժȡһ䣬󣬾ΪǰһԾ
ƽȻ°빦
ƽ磬֯ƻΪģѹƽ磬˽ɻƣ޷ܡ㻯顣
ʼͳ䡣


ڶʮ ʥͥ


1701 ʮƽ
⿴֮ǰɳǸ£챦һ˷ѣûƵͳ滮޷һĿȻʮҡʵ̫̫׾ӡЩȻǲԵģҪЩԴͳɳߵĸԶǸ
ܺãһؾͽ֯ƽ磬Ժ󣬾޷֮ءд˽ڣԺɫ۵ƾȻȱ٣Կ֯ƽ֯ӣԺƹ֯ƽ硣ޡ
пǸˡһͳȻĴбһĿȻȷʵˬá
ƽɷ챦Ըһ磬õԸ֮°Ը㻯顣⽫ԸŲƵƽСһƽ粻ı䣬ķ羰Ȼɣ޴Ըܸܵ޾á
һƽҲ⣬ֱӶˡԸǸ˴ϣֵġǰͷ׺ӣǿɰһƽ磬Ҳȷ֣ΪԸ硣
Ȼò
ڰƽǨƶ԰ѹƽ磬ݻʺݷܾס֮ռֲ˹۹ԣԼս衣Ϊ֮á޻ء㻯顣
ʣµƽаš
һΣ԰ǨƽƽУƽںϣǴƽ磬ݱ䣬ֻľ㵮ԭȡ԰еĸֶݣȻɢƽС
пҲûⲻռޣԺҪʲôֱӵץˣô򵥷㣬ʵٺò޽磬ˡ޽磬Ȼò
ھؿǨƾƷƳأ棬ܸʺƣΪɽ硣
ǰɳеľƷƳأЩ챦ƽУһΣƷƳأΪһ壬Ϊ㻯鱻ΪƹңſҲԥİᵽɽȥӵõƻԿָơ
ܺã
аԵͷԴ׵ĺôԴͳﾡá
ʮƽ磬ǨƲؾƽںϡ伮ݻ˼֮Ϊɡ飬ںأֽƽĵʥء
뷨ȻӴҪòؾڵƽ磬ʥء
һ㣬ѣܶĵϵ챦ȥ磬أֽпֽֽ̨ܹ֮Ȼ󡣶⣬д£д
ƽΪн硣нഫؾ󴢴伮棬صľ壬鼮֪ʶǴС
һ磬δǳΪ׵۳һʥأйڣֽдֽЩϲĻʮֵķҡ
ʮһƽŲ챦ָ֣ʳģȡʳ磬㻯顣
⽫챦ŲƽȥָƳһΪⱦֱأԸһɳ֡
ңⱦĵطǣݵʬѪڱ£ȻᱻգȻϳһ龧Өı⡣Щ⣬ĸ޵Ѫ⣬⣬Ȼ⣬⡣ֻȴеʱ٣øӵζǼȡԪȻȻʸһ¥˵ܱʣһ⣬ǳϵģûժȡǰı棬һεıĤǣıʣʵһ
֣ȫԽһƽʳ硣ָĶʳʳġ
Уܺãǳáͽɡ
¶Ц⣬һƽ൱ġ
ʳɹҲ
ʮƽŲͨѹƽ磬㻯顣
ٴζµƽǨơͨΪڵ챦ŴĹռһƽ磬ȻԴʥءȡΪͨ磬Ϊͨˡ
˵
ʮƽ磬ŲƲѧѹƽ硣Ȼ۰ټѧ˵㻯顣
滮
һȻδ֮Уѧеѧʥءｫ۰ټѧ˵ʿǸҴʥء㻯飬Ϸӡ
ʮƽ磬Ǩժ¥ںƽ磬㻯顣
˵
һ㣬ںϵժ¥ʣժ¥ǴΪҪһ챦Ŵ챦㻯飬ˣǸӡƽȡ򱦽硣
󣬵ʮƽ磬챦ѹݻ¹磬Ϊ¹ӡ¹УˮЧָܻƣаڲľ飬ž޴ɱľˮ书Чܶ൤ҩЧҪǿ
ʮƽ磬ǨСƽ磬Ϊؽ磬⿪šûκԿ̽ؽΡ㻯顣
ٴοʼ滮
һΣȥʣУʮҪɳ˵ȫһеãͬͨǧ򡣶ңءЩȻΪħսûпᣬÿƣһζûٹֱڡ
ˣÿ궼ӡÿʮΪֹӵˣѾѾ൱ɹۣܻȡģȻӵд˵ˡеıԴûа취ġһͨʿǧ
ڻص磬ȻлҪȥһֱȥһƽ类Ըǣûǽȥġ⣬˶ˡ̶Ͻбܡ
ε鱻Ϊɢˡ
ûи棬ϸ滮š
ʮƽŲ޳ƽ磬㻯顣
һΣ޳ŲƽȥȻȻںϣ޳飬ս޳ȡս硣
ʮƽŲƲʺţעޱԸ㻯顣
⿪ڶһƽ滮ǲʺšʣʺƳУҪһ챦Ǵ׿ٴ͵ɳǵŦ
㻯飬񽫡
ˣʮ˲ƽȫϡһɳǵĲ֣øӵľȻ򡣲֮ǰ¡ңе챦ȫԸĹע£Ч鱦Ρܴʢ
עޱԸ룬ɱ䡣
ȻûнһνעУʱ걦ٴοʼ
һ㣡
㣡
գۼ䣬ٴȫµƽ硣
ƽ磬ʮƽ磬¯¯硣㻯顣
ٴ˵
һΣ¯ȥʱ¯ɱ䡣ͯӡһ磬Ժ󶼽Ϊĵرר硣


1702 ˴
¯˵ڴ׷չУžصĵλڣܴģĽиֲϵϵĶԴ׷չ𵽹Чãɱ󣬲¯󣬶ңһԿĵر࣬Ʒ׿Ըߡƽ󣬾зѳһͬ¯
ܹͬʱʼ
ָı䣬Чʼʮϰٱӡ
ĸı䣬Ի칤ЩܹɽΪ֮ϲġ
Ǻ£һЧʸߡ
Ȼϲּò̾治кĵĺģΪƿһУǿĸáһͳ滮ͱôͬ
ڶʮƽ磬Ųܴӡƽ磬עޱԸɱ㵥Ԫ顣
ٴο˵
һΣȥģǴ׵۳УҪһ챦ܴӡĴڣᴩ׵ɳҪûܴӡڣ׵۳Բߵ˵Ƚ˳һ·ն¡
㻯飬ܴɡܴӡͬܽзֻ塣ôӡЧʴӡУǶԴ档
ƽ챦ͳϡڿʼʽɱ䣬׼
еͶٴοе
ɱɲǿЦһɱ䣬Ȼܵעӣʱΰڴɳǡ
Ѿ׼ˡ
һȻ˵
ˢ
ڻһʱʱͿصδ֪ƺһ̺ϵеֱӽɳǳ׸סһ̣ƺеһȫ뵽ֹ֮УеһУͳͳüž飬ȫ޷֪˽⡣
εΰٳɳȥ
ͬʱҲĸоһޱΰϣȻĳȥ
ͨͨ
ھڵѪҺٴοʼɱ䣬һεϽɫıԴѪһַ˵ٶţκʱҪ죬ԴѪģÿһζҪķѺѪʱȻڣȴһνһΣȻĵÿһΣܿ壬ڷ⣬ɢÿʱÿ̶
·ʲô˼ڶԼඥһ㡣
ЩҪģؼǣиоԼһ̣ʱȫԼϣһ̣ʲô³ɡ
˵ϴԵ
иоı仯ܱߵһУ·ı䣬޵صϣһ̣ĳǰԵ۵ĸ⣬ڷԺв
վͻƵʱ
˵ͣ꣡
ڲߵı仯ûκγɣһ䣬Ѿϡ
ڲͻƣʱͻơ
ȻĹͨ˵ͣ˳ĳڤڤоʹڵϵһƬڡ
˳ڤڤеĸӦȻһƬ֮ء

޵ˮ䲻ϻصһɫĳڲϵǰʣ㣬Ҳյ㡣֪ʼ֪սᡣУƺÿһˮж̺䣬ƬΣڱáһۿȥ·޾ǰ
Ǵ˵е˳ӡ
ںУһɫĻδȴʼ޷ˮֻں˳У໥һ˵ĺۼ
˿̣˳ϿգͻȻ䣬һ߲֮ɫ˵ƾճ֣һƺһֻεĴ֮Уһ˦УڵϣȻԿһŵ۵۶ɵ
˴ȻⲢֻǵ˳ӣΨ˲ںд˳ӵĺˮˣǴҪĴۡһδҪķһԪ龳ܹԪҲʮ꣬㣬ǲϧһеĴҲֻϾŴΣʮβˣһ龳һκ˵˥ܵĵز
֪ҪĴж
ÿһδأܶͻƵ龳ʿ۳˵ͣҲ׳Դ꣬ʵЩ龳Ĵڣĳ̶ֳϣ㲻۳飬ֻĵ·϶ѡͻƣǾֻα顣
Щۣܵ꣬Ǿһжֵá
ˣһ𣬻Ϊһɫ򾣬ڵϡˮС
ܱߵĻƺܵ˵ϢζȴûǰҧǶ̬ƺڼȡɢˡⲻǵĶҧȴˣһ꣬ûе꣬δȻʧܡ

ʱһΪ׳˶Ͻɫ˹ƺо޷ܵʳ
ˣɰڴһ١
пһҲĿʼͨͨʱ̣˭޷ƽ
Ѿҧסˡ
ϽȻеָ꣬Ӧʮһ˲䣬Ѿҧסȥ
𣡣
ûκγɣһ䣬˵Ѿʼ˦չͬʱܸܵڻϴݳľ޴·̶УܵҪߣҪȥҪ߻㣬ôס˵ķ
һ̣ȴһεƾճ˵ϣݵϡ
һɲǼ䣬ܵޱһӺʧ
ûᡣ
Ժһͷ᲻֪ĻҪǴǼֱǸ붼룬˳ƾͱһɾ޴Ӳ˳
ڻ뿪˳ʱڻϿգȻĳһУȥ
¡¡
˳еĺˮͻȻҷһ˻ƺεԻԼƿأеʮֵķŭֻǣڻ㳹˳Ѿ޷ٶã޷ڸ棬ٷŭҲֻܸɵۣ˱顣
˿̣ڣϿգһƾճ֣ţһϽɫĻƾճֺ֣ڰҡһ䣬һģһһꡣ£ɢϢ
ٺ쳾ǧأϲԹްٿԴң
쳤衣
ֱӳͼ̤ŵ۷̤˹ȥ
۷еԪ
ǰûͣȻľ͸۷Ϊһ塣
Բˡ
ֻһɲǼ䣬۷һĨϲ֮ɫ룬͸о꣬Ԫ񣬳Բͷ·ԭǲȱģڽǲȱһһ

Բ־õؼķϣӦȣһʮֹ
ֱ
ԣ


1703 
һңо
ԲڴУΣĸ򵽵ϵı仯һ̣֪ҡָоʮģ겹ȫḶ́ʵ̫ˡ
ԪںϺ
ȻԿһɫ˿ԴԴϵĸ֣·˿۷ȫڡγһ롣
龳д˳ӵ꣬ںϺı仯ֻ룬֮룬Բɱ飬Ҫһ̵ģ̣ݣĻǣ̫ãҪںϣȻҪһ̣ң飬һΪĹ̡
ֽ棬棬顣
۳飬Žʵӵƿ˵ʸ񡣷򡣶
һ븹Ҳ졣Ľ𵤣ʵ꣬ȡ꣬Բ飬Ҳ졣
ԣһ׶Σʮֹؼһʼݷڣһԣ󲿷ʿѡչضȹٸǿ꣬Լӿɱıҩʱ䣬гж̵ģȫǿĻΡɱ䣬ȡĲֻ֮ѪѪ꣬Ǿǿġ
ѪʢˣȻøǿ
һ㣬ʿžԵƣԴݷʱ䡣
ݷĹУ޷Ԫ񣬶սԣŲСӰ졣
з֣ԼݷĹȻ˲һѪʢңڤڤһ뵽ֻ֮Уüںɱʱ̡
ȫܵɱ䡣
֪УӦݷʮ꣬ϰݷڣô˲Ϣңɱ䡣֮ȻȻĻΪһ⣬ڲݣ·Ǳȥ
ס۷֮֡
̤ͼϣȴȻĴݳһ֮ǰȻͬĸо
ֲͬʵ
ʵࡣ
лԡ
ΰ£һͻƣͿԽ˻εݷڣһٿ뵽һ׶Σ龳˿̵۷Խһ׶ΣȻȻĴ飬࣬һ࣬ȻȻͻᷢ
Ȼǵ̨εС
̨Ϊ̳
Ѿ飬ʩչͨսÿһ̺ʵͨУһݡ桯龳֮µԣͳһθ߶ȡ
ԣһԣƥ龳콾ǿߡӵеսѰߵĽ޿Խ
ͺñڣиоԼȫѹǰʮԼ
ʵõ
ʱȻš
һ˲䣬ֻǹȥǧꡣ
״״̬лתɳѾɱ䡣
ˣƳѾɱɣԡңܲŲ˸еʧգգ۾ĵ˵
дϲá
Ŷ֪ʲôԡ
Ҳ档
ͣͬɳǷ·һһ㣬ӵĳ츳ͨң츳زġأԤ⣬Ȼʮֺ档ûнǰ˭֪ʲôԡ
һԡ޼䣡
⿪˵
޼䣿΢΢ü˵ʲô˼
ҲԴɻ
֮䣬벻ڣޣ޼䣬ǲԤ⡣ţǴڣţޡӵһԣؼ䣬֮֮̽Ƴǲã޷Ԥ⣬޷㡣ǣںܶˣƳǾǰӴ֮Ƴǽؼһڡ
⿪ڽ˵
ʣһԣƳ˵ĸıֱ췭ظġȻôҲԶ׼ġԴ֮ǶܣֻҪвԸ⣬Ǿҵɳǵλáǽ뵽УɳڵİգܵͬԱӣҲ㲻˶ᱻڡ
ðһɳǣԸȫң°УҲء
ҲǰԵͷʮָˡ
ص棬Ҳ뾴ηҲɳǵ۶ݣ°Ŀзءӵ޿Ҫλ
ഫ޼ľأֲԤ⡣
ڶԡӦ
ٴ˵
Ӧʲôһĵط
˼ҪĽ͡
һԣɳǣӦκλκεκ磬µĽֲħ򣬲ʺκľأɳֻҪȥӦĻ£ڵһʱԻӦ磬ˮ֮УëѶɡɳǾӦԣԻΪܡˮնУˮ۴ЩǿС綾֮أҲһ硣
͵
ǿӦԣȻĪ⡣
Եķ΢ЦʣһԣɳǾ޵ĿܡǣԽһлûκλӦģؼǣһӦɳǾԶֶصԣͬĻУҲܵκӰ졣
ԺκνأԳ衣֮ǰʱսֻҪɳǽȥҪ˶ãͿȻȻĶʱմӦǲܵӰ졣ˮ˳ޱȡ
ֻһ㣬ͱκҪĸҪ
ֱӱ
еԡʣ
˵
ʣĪξ֮йء֮ǰݱʱƺξ֮һȥ۾һʮֹҪܸƳԣǾǳǿ
ξйءɳӵͬʰϮξǽԽξξ򡣶ңӦڣξɳɿԺӰ졣ξױ顣
˵
ξ൱µģµľξĲȷԣǰһ̻Ǻúõģһ̾ͻ᳹ױ飬ǷָƬĻУܶҪ£˭֪ʲôΣµ¡
ãпһƬδأԴǳǰҴģ룬Ǻ޳Ȼ֮Ун֮漰ĵطǱɽһǣҪƳԣԺȫС
뵽磬ȫһƬδҪƿأĺôֱǳġ
ӶԴӶ˲ţӶᱦ
ҩҪУп˲ꡣȫûйɿԣıҲǳǿ
ĵʲô
̲סѯʵ
ǰԴľϲԵ֣ȻǱøӵڴҲϣܸԼһľϲ


1704 ͽ 
ڵԣĺܺ档
ԡͽ
һȻ˵УһԣҲʮֵӡ
ͽʲôءͽʱԺʶĸֳһӰȻͽˣ϶йء
ͽԺأһʼûģǽһӦ鲶ȡ侫۳Ӧš磬ѹһۣͽԵΰ۳һšڹУ͹޾ԸڣͿ޾
ѹһoͻ۳һšУ޾oѹһޣǾ֮ţ޾ޡ
⻺һԵİ˵˳
У
һ̣еԣҲ̲סһо˸ͽԼֱ켶ζʲôζɳǽӵױȵĹޱսǱһžʹһһ壬һѪԴͷ
һ£һţͿѹһ壬һЩţԻΪɳǵķݣǹٻкսļӳ£ѹţ񷡣һžѹܡ
ͽûơ
пѯʵ
ûƣ۳ҪʵҪﵽ̨֤ĻǱߣսǿͽ۳ϲûʲôơ
⿪ڽ͵
ˣͽǿѾǳģĳ̶ֳϣֻҪ۳һţ͵ڿٻĴһ㣬ҹеĻħѷɫǸǿܹϽġﵽ£ȻħػҪǿĶࡣңɨǧ
һǾѹš
ܺãѡ۲ûдɳศɡϡ
аԵͷʮ⡣
֮ɳǣγ츳ԣһ㣬κ㵥ԪѷɫЩ㵥ԪҪ棬ϾЩԣ޵Ŀܣ޾Ǳ
ţƳѾɱ䣬´ɳǳ壬ɳǣһ˿ĵۣڳϣӼ̣᲻ɴݣңϻ֮ǰǿֹ
ͷ˵
ɳǾļңȻϣԽǿԽȫԽá
Ȼܱøǿ
Уһھ¯ĵҪԪҪĵرɹһΣֱޱԸͣңΪͣû㵥Ԫһ¯ԪΪעɳǣҪǣֱӼȡؼޱߵ֧֮ɳת
˵
һ㣬ͷˣɳɱ󣬺ĿռУȻȻĳһɫ¯޾е֮Ϊͣ¯¸ص·ܿĵصĹ⻷¯ȻתţĵԻɡ
ںĿռйһûټֱѡ뿪
·ص۹
̧ۿգУܿһŽɫĹƼɳϿգȻһ£ѰʿǿġڹУȻԿһɫצУ֡ƺҲоеעӣͷ­̽˳¶׽֮ɫ
ܿѾȵ̫֪࣬УѾͻƵǧɵľ˵زһһܽơ޾ѹ
ʮȻڽʿսħսɴȴûͣͲǰչϢЩǶԴ׹ǿ˿ڱЩȶ뵽Уټٲϵ뵽֮УǵõϿɣһ̶ϣΪе֮һȻ֪УѾ̶ȡ
ҪĻҡ
Ǵ
۳ˣҪﵽ£һɡʱͻƵʥͥͿ˳£ˮɡ
׵ͷڿ۳ĵ·Ѿ˲һˣǴףֻ£۳Ҫͣʱ䣬԰꣬ǧ㣬Զ
Ҫ۵˰ˣôܻ򵥡Ҫ֪˻ųãգȵضı䣬һζصҲпֱܻ˥ܣС
֮ǰħжһˮûдһ̾ʹõУδزܷӳһá

צΧ˼ȦŷعС
̤ڵ۹ϣȫ֣ɳڳˮַľǱԵһ˿΢ЦЩ꣬ΪĲݷƽô
ֵã
е˵
ΪһĻٶҲֵáսɱΪľΪū壬ǿϢ
ڿһ䡣ֱȥʮص򱦽磬ժ¥̤˽ȥժ¥УһƬƬռ䣬·ǿһ㣬鲼ŴССǳһöǳһ챦ȻҲпͨıժǣǿľԼ

Ҳûгɣһ䣬һռǰУ챦ֱһ򱦳Ӱӿ˳磬һۿȥܽ۾ֱϹЩħսϵջ񡣲ǴħжһıкıǴҹսѹιġ
Ҫ֪ʮ꣬ҹսУսϻɱҹǿʿûзʬľٶЩҹʿдװҲдıйħǵջǾ͸Ӳס
˵䲻ĻʮѹεıѾǶѻɽ
ĵر˵ǷḻлдֻҹеıģҹеزѪ֮ᡣһѪ¾Ĺ屦ҹ֮⣬ҲġⱦģȴǺժ¥
ӲҪ˵ħָ챦Ļ걦ͨսСȫһԵȫ˽
ժ¥ԺȻķֱЩļֵ
ͨģȻֱӷһ㣬ȻһЩķڶ㡣ԴƣԽ棬ȻıԽ󡣵Ȼ˵һûбԵıС磬һټУпܴһп챦걦֮ģǰǣôǿ
Ƭǿգ˴˼䣬һصġԻͨġͱ¥ͨƷҲıĿܡӲҪ˵ժ¥ܹǳ֮¥бԽɱ䡣
УܿһƬƬǿеǳۿɼٶȷš
ǻ棬𺳵ġ
һۿȥܲ졣
ܺãϣδд콾ûԵӶɱ䡣
΢΢һЦ
ģ磬ҩͷ˲١


1705 ֯ų
ЩҲڴ£ٵĲ«ֲεĽҩһҩոûôʹã͵ժ¥ֻҪãȫлժȡҩܹûκΪõıҩ
ȻǶĹ屦
㹻󣬿һ·졣
˵ժ¥УȱȱٻԵȫһħ⡣ӵеıൽʤ޷ĵز
ܺãҵطЩħӸȥЩӲıҪϸŶԡÿһ궼󣬲˷ѣǶɲšɾ⹦ЧħΪĵ̡
΢
ħвȷԣӵмδ֪ҪúõĹ滮һ²С

嫺ڡ
һ޴½ءƬ½أȴ׵۳ѷɫǻҪϲ٣൱ˡһ½ΪӣݡƬ½ϵ˵ֱӳƺΪӣ½ӣУӵдӣÿӣʢʱӣƮ䣬磬Ŀ
̲ס
˿д׵۳̽ͻ֪ӣݣǴ׼صһ˳Ϊ⼸ʮѾĻʳ߻ʳһȺܽĻʳ
԰᪴Ϊͼڣٹΰݡڴ߻ʳУеľ֧ӵϵĵλ
ʳ֮Ϊ֯ų
ʣѾӣռݾԵλһǳظʶЩǳҪϸȥ·ܿһħ֮ÿһʮ־޴󣬶ңɢеİգӣħһ𣬿Եʮֹ¡
ЩħƺҲûк˷ͻļ󣬾ôӾһȴܹల£·ǴһĪƽ֮СֻҪ״ƣͿԳõĹȥ
ϸۿĻͻ֣ᷢ߻ʳУƺħ޽ĳصԼӾӣֱ˺壬һǣ˾ħࡣ
ħ֮ӣݡ
ڴ߻ʳУһ޴ħΪģȻܱ߾һկֲ߻ʳĴǣȻĸӣݡӣݵƿǼǿġ׼䣬û˭Ժ
߻ʳĻʳǣһ޴Ļɽ֮ϣֱ̾ڻɽڣɽй̵ҽ·޷ͱʳǿѹ·ʳǶ·Żɽҽ֮ʳǽ᪳ǣֱ԰᪴ߵݣȫ¶쾡¡
˿ûҪڵ˼
᪳гǽģǽܸߣŸйذ᪴ߵͼڻܵһֻԵãϣǳƻ˿ʳǣԵĸоһ𺳡ؼǣ᪳ǾȻоСħǻ⣬ǰ㣬ȻŰ᪳ǡ˫Ϊһ塣
ǰ᪴ߵľſԴһ
ܸܵʳ֮ϵȫ
ʮϣޱȡ
߻ʳǡʹ֮ڡ
ȻԿһԵЩĴУһװĿӶУ£һּѹεѹȻȻɢݳǿʮˡ˲η
ǰڷһݷ£ȻЩԳеӡ
ž
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ʤ㣬ʺ⡣ȫȫĵ
ֻҪһ뵽ǣ֯ų̲סǳ鴤޲⣬ѪʹޣѾ뵽
ԴһͲ֪ðġӣǱ˵ֱ£ɿЩ׻Ѫաڴһ꣬һ壬ģɵƻǿԴɵҲ൱޴ġʱ򣬾ͺ޲ֱӺǵѪ
׻Ѫ壬֯ųʮ˽⣬һ˳ܵԣʮָӣѪԳ죬ѪȣҲԳָܸĲֻҪܻȥǻ᲻̫ᷢ⣬ǱȵһֲòȥѾȥľУŻ𷴿׻ѹȣӦûûеּ޲Ŷԡ
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ѹΧ£Ȼǽʺ
ץԴһɱѲ㡣
붼һͷʹ
ʤһݵؽڵ£ֶ䣬̽鲻ʲôطһѽĸԭ
Сѣϲ̨档ֻڱѣĿˣǴ׵۳УǿĶ֡
һԵϣϢһɫ۵Ӱ档ûп֮ǰ˭ûвĴڣ·һʼǲڵһȴκε·ûøɱ֡
ħսѾرգȫʼأ׵۱ȻѾطԴ׵ʵδսսƣȻѡݷҪţѾǱȻŵ·ϣ߻ʳǵǰ棬ûжٿԻأһţ߻ʳǲġ
غۿ˵
һһУһƶ϶
һţңٶȻἫ졣
ţһ㱾ȻȻǿ󣬲Ҵ߻ʳҲȴѷɫ٣ҪţҲҪ֯ų𲻴ӦԽǵһӡ԰βߡ
֯ųϵ˵
ܺãģ߻ӴͶ֧֣Ȼǿӵи챦ǶսǵʵԳֻҪ֪ǵȴ׵۳ҪǿһսԿô֪ʲôϲ㣬̤Ŵ׵ļ򣬵ֻ̨ҪĺãȨֿɵá
غƽĿһ֯ųƽ˵
Уʮš
֮£߻ʳѾӵв˼֧֣ǳģıģȫƽǶԴѹ
кܶ಻˼ıǵ֧£Щ¡
˵䲻ĻǵĺǸ߻ʳһ޿ƥеĹҡ
ܶ࣬׾ͿĨƽ
ģ׵۳ǰȥʻҪ֧֣ǿ֯ųۣϵ˵ҪҪҪôȫûаڡ


1706 
ģֻҪᶨվһֿɵáͺñڴ߻ʳӵеħħֻͨҪӦĹףȻҪж٣ƸŮⶼ⡣ȫʵֳ֡ļֵ
غۻ˵Уһջǲɵ
̽̽鵽鱨׵۳Ǳǿ׳ʮڵİֱӷ˺ü͸һϳΪֹû취ͳƴ׾ڵж˿ڡд׵սʮϬɫۣݺս޼᲻ݡ
֯ų۾źۣ˵
ǻе˼ԣ׺ǿҪҳҲԣҲҪȸôУûкôǿܿ׵۳
ɫкξ壬ͬѷɫԨսԨ죬ɿɫۡԴ߻ʳĽʿо޴ãħͬУˮսУװħڣɺɱв飬߻ʳʿݺսҡ
ޱƶ˵
Ȼ϶ԨսֱӿɫۣѹӵеսԺɨһС
׵Ӵţ֯ųǴҲѷɫҪ֪֮Уȫħ壬ӵħǿսһ죬ֻҪԸ⣬ǾȫԱһ£Ϳ齨ǧ
սʮǿѩУһѻ󣬺ɨ塣
֯ųٴ˵
ģսѣжսħѪһ۳ս󣬿ɻΪѪ۳Ѫ񵶣ն׾١۶Ȼ˵
Щ⣬׾ͿԽ顣
ټרΪߴİ᪻ʳǣʳǣõĲҷҹħǵ췽ս֮ǿȴ׵ĵ۳ѷɫ
۳˵ټרΪǴħ֮ǿǱ֮󣬲κҪѷɫΪ㣬ǿǲġҲϣ֪ǿ㡣ǾһԻٵ㡣ԣֻúôȴҪۡرЩ׵ջ
ȻҲһ־档
ģһһǴһľϲ
֯ųȻ˵
һ㶼۵棬Ҫ飬Ȼ˶Դ׵ΪֹһʼţӣǰǾԲܷ߻ʳܵġȻһսԼԸ⳷ߣȻҲǲܵ顣
󣬺ٴʧ
֯ųֻĿһۣƺܿһ˿֮ɫ

ӣݡ
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ڳУܿջţһϣǰĶ־ĿⲻʱĿǽӰƺ󣬾ͻоӿֳ֧ȥܶŬȥĸá
һۿȥƬ¿ռ˿в֮࣬ǧҲδûС
ΧƽǶס´կʲôġܼŴϣȻö˵ȥֻܱ塣Ѿ൱ףϾڵ³档ܻţѾһ׵顣
ˣȥİ׾Ҫոļˡڵ³еİտɶָһõġ³˿ְ̫࣬׵Ŀռȴ㹻࣬һ¿ոһΣҲֻάֻ
ǰ߻ʳȺħ̫ɶЩѰǵľٶԽԽƵ֮Ĳ֯ųȻҽҵԴȥ˳𲻱ʵǲӣͷ֮ޡ
ڳǽϵȻǳʤˡ
һ·ֵܣ˴˼䣬ȻѻҪ׽иֵܡǽ³ǣΪ˽ȱ߻ʳѹū۵׻աѧᷴѧȡ
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Ҫǰ棬ҵܵѹȵİգ³ǡ
ʮЩ顣
ջ˿Ѿﵽ³ɵļޡ
ʳճɻƷѾΪһּ⣬ЩҪǲĻ³ǱȻִ⡣
ħսѾرգĸǿߣѾʼأ߻ʳһѾˣ˸ħںΪһ塣Ѿ塣һȺǳˣ޶һȺȶӿµĴڡĻʳȥֻһѡ
ʤһȻ˵
Ŀù߻ʳеİǶôĿ£ΪˣҹΪħֹ컭棬ֻҪǴĿģе־塣
磬ԥˣ취ҵϵ׵۳ǲǰң뽫ݳȥЩħܿ£Ȳ֪Ļ϶޴Σ
㿪˵
ħȥÿһ춼Ǽ尾ؼǣЩħǿٶȺܾˡ
ţڴ߻ʳĻʳппµħԲ򵥣ֻһۣодݳϢ߻ʳƺ׼ʲôԴҪʲôı塣
ʤҲͷ˵
һ뵽Ǳʱ޴ħжһ
ǾԲǴ߻ʳӦӦеĶǱµĽɱ棬ܵа
һ޾ѡ
ңȥҴ׵۳Դһλ۲ΰԣӣУҸҿ϶һѾд׵̽ںܶϢӦѾݹȥˡҪģǵȴȥ
ʤ˵
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׵۳
۹С

һڵ۹лص쳹ķɳǡ
ʱһΣ뵱˵ʱѾˡ
첢һգ۾Źȥ
۹Ⱥ
̤ڵ۹ǰ


1707 ˿ڴ
ϣ߸ϵĵ۹ֳΡƲ֣ң޴ĵ۹ֻпһۣܸܵһе𺳣Уǿҵľη
۹Уһݡ
һǴ󳯻ᣬʮһδ󳯻ᣬȻһĻԳ׵ĵ̣ϡ
һγᣬ׵۳Ǹǿ¶ڴ׵ĵ̡
һ仰¶¶⡣
װ׵ĸˣڴ׵ʵǿǿĺܡôĿŵ
⼸죬ԸɳǵĳƽУ¹滮ƽ磬Ƿ羰ʮʺסң˶Ǵ׹ѫףԱȵȡ໥йͬ⣬ң˴Ҳ顣̸һЩΪɳ֮Ȼʸסƽ磬ƽӵиۡ
Щۡɵ۹ʹȥġ
ԣȺ̫࣬۳ûоסĵطǼֱǿЦһƽ磬ɺ˿ڰաԿڣҪд󳯻ᣬȻû˻ѡȥ
һ
һ׷̤ݣ۹
֮£ųһű𺳸С
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Ǳ˴˽⡣ѶϢ
磬ħսϵѶϢ׵۳ڵѶϢ
֮ͨ£ȻܿϤ˫ڽУ˴˽⣬ƢģȻǸһƢģҲǲѡ
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ϣҲȺЦŽ
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Ŵ󿪣ҡ
ȺҲû⣬׷̤Уڴڣֳ䣬ҲǾУֱţټһɳ֮ĵУһʱ䣬ν൱֡
̤ڣ˶ֹ֮ͣǰĽ̸ȻһܶýȻͬʲôЦľٶׯϻڴ֮ڡ
μ۾۾ɸ룡
μۺ󣬵ۺפ룡
Ⱥȫ󣬶ʱͿϢĳڴУסһεϺȻľͳС
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ǹأҲҪš
λƽ
׵ͷ
Уν˲żüãܿĳǸսħսģڴأһģʮУ˾޴ͻơ˶Ԫ񾳲ΣһЩ׿ž޵ģͻƵ񾳡дӴԴټӦƽȰõлȻ
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ҲǸǿ߷׷̤ħսԭ֮һ
ڵĽԴˣѾ൱⣬ȴû¶κŴȺҲоԵԺ
л۾ۺ󣡣
Ⱥл
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۾أЩ΢˵ıֶѡõ۾֮ԡ
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£ⱾΪӵıְ֣ҪְҪܵޣδ̫ˡ
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֮ѡ˲ţȻЩ̸֮
һһѡţѡĶ˲š
֣˵ĺá
׵ͷ漴Ⱥսʮ꣬׵ȻѾ˽һЩܶҪһ顣
۾յ۾µָʾÿһοƾ٣ѡܳ˲ţΪ˲ŴЩ꣬ѾйΡѡĺϸ˲ţѾﵽϰ򡣡
鹶ǰһȿ˵
ƾǴ׵ͷȴ£пƾڣͿΪ˲ţһͨ׳õݡ壬֪ǳĹ
ʮ꣬Ӵ׵۳ڣѡ˲ţ⼸ǺεȵĵͣѡģȻǾԵ˲ţšܶ඼ǾִһǵĲܡ
ʲôǴ׵ĵ̡
֧Ŵ׵۳Ѹŵǿ̡
Щѡγ˲ţΪ۾Զ⣬ԣֻʱ벻ѧѧḻȴ۾뷷⡣ڼ˵
뷷⣬ҲֻпȥǲҲڵ۹أҲԽȨȥ
ҪˣǾԽȨԽ˱֡в˵ʲô֮У϶˵л
ڲѧҲΪǣԴǶĶࡣ
ȫ
ܺãЩǴ׵˲ţȻ̫ãҪ˶ãͿﾡã˾šĵͷ⻹ֻǿƾѡγģͨ;Ѱ˲ţѧбĶ˲ţЩĻǿɾ൱˵֡
Щ꣬Ⱥûй
ְ䣬Щ켮Դ˿ڵղǼǣ˵˵Ҵһж˿ڡ
п壬ѯʵ
ǵõ꣬뿪ǰ׵˿Ѿﵽһǧڣһ־ްԵĴڣ˿Ӵޱȡʮȥ˿ֻøࡣ֣켮
۾
幪ǰǴ׹նСЩ꣬齨ͥɻӵƵʼߣֹΪֹӵе˿ǼڲİգѾһһǧڡУ˶ǧڣĶǺͯ׶ңÿ궼кͯꡣ˿ٶȣʼȲѾʼƽȡ
һ׶˿ڡҪ˵ȥֱ֪
˿ϣѹ
һϢʥء
˿ٶȷʵ˿ڱɳӦѾڸ״̬
аԵͷ˿⣬Ͻķչ·ΰõ⣬ǰǰҪؼڡ


1708 Ǭ
ɳǵ죬һԣÿɳǣɵ˿˿ڴﵽʮʮ򣬾Ϳת磬һٶѰ򣬾۷塣ȥͻɳɲСĸɣ磬ʳճУƽ״̬ܵӰ졣
ɳеĹԱ˵˿һ࣬ζŹѶȻֱңﷸɷĿԣʼαɵĻңȶӰ졣
ȻҲһֿ顣ɳ֮ڸܲƿؾƣǶ顣ֻҪ֧ŹȥǺʣõĥ£ʵְֱҪְžصĹؼá
һ׶˿ڣԶԶǴ׵ʵ˿ڣˣеĺУǰһսŮУҲһġҹսʧСջ˿ȴǸӵľˡȫǳ
й£ϰ׵ĵزãںУûֱͷų򣬶Դ״ѹ޷ġܶսʱ仳Уʱʱ侲ֹķʽг˯ӡȴա
ԣԴڵ˿ڻȫ֧Ŵģš
ȻڣҪҪٵ˿ѹѹͷųȥ
ʵڴ׵ľ棬ֱӽ˿ͷųȥڽڴǣһͷѹȴ֮ǰɳǵĸĿģɳѹҰһɳǣѹԲһǧ
Ⲣûġ
ҰĴڣͬҪ
Ըȥ飬Ρ
пѯʵ
ĿҲ򹤲ء
ȻǰһУ˵۾칤һͬɳǣ֮£һһɳƽһһڶָ㣬һİѾﵽΪֹһɳʱԶá
ɳǣƺܶ࣬ڴ˵Щ࣬ÿɳǰһʼĻ˿ڣʮ㡣Ҳܹһǧ˿ڡԶԣ׵ɳǣǲģӲҪ˵ںеЩսҲѸת˿ڡ
Щɳǣǳˮн
ɳǵԶԶ˿졣Ըıơλ䣬ߡ
ҡҡͷ˵
۾
칤̤˳˵֮޷ɳǣʵ򣬲ΪΪ¯שٶȲ죬ߣ¯ƽ磬Էֳ塣ǴӴԺ¯ԸķӳǿĹЧһϰ¯ͬʱֻҪгש칤͹һ֣ټĹ˰գһ֮ڣͿʮɳǡ
Уһ˿ƶһŨŨš
ЩΪʲôֻɳǣϰֻ¯ܴģԭϣҪ֪¯УǽеȫȫһȫǲȻǳģֳ壬еҲû̫𣬽שǼֱҪ̫ף̫ɡ
ЩרһЩѡΪʦרΪ׵۳ɳǡ
ΪżĺֻܵͣǰһЩש֮ġʵҲǼҪ̷󷨣Ҫü򵥵ķˮѧβ֡һʲôطáһֵôй滮ǣɲ˵ֻһͿԣĻʩֽ졣ٿһȥܾס
ֵһǡʮɲûκνġڽϣ졣ռ֮뵽֮У磬һվסķݸۡڸۡУԽ֮ٳһƬԶ濴ĸۡҪĿռ䡣ʮǰٱֹĿռ䣬½һݡֽǬ취ܵĽʡռ䣬´İվסκӵҪȥҲͬ൱㣬ƾ켮ǽǬռԿףȼ򵥣ַ㡣ǬڴװУǿ൱Ļϲ
ΪǬռУɿԿɳеķ羰ǳһ١ֶΣУɳڵĿռ䣬·˶õţøӾ޴һ
ҪһĿͻƣ׵۳ڵɳǿ֧ŲסôӴ˿
칤УרһоǿǬ֮ãϣǬøҪ֪ڵǬΪ֣һǿռΪԲСһΪԲһǷԲʮﵽʮѾ൱ͻƵķΧ
մ׵Ĺ滮裬ԲǬռ䣬סһٻ˼ҡĻֻһͥһͥҲס¡סҲ⡣
ԣһɳУҪΪɳڲۡǬЩҪרŵļա
ڴ֮УѾһ˲Ͷ뵽һ֮УǬ֮
ܺãɳ죬ҪץаиɳϣܶԴײۡ
׵ͷ
˵ЩʱҲܿҵȾʮֹעη磬ÿһ˶һҪŵģңŵķȻǳ޴ǾȻǲ´̣µľǺڸϣʲôǶԣھɳǣҪ㹻ɳǡ֧š
ȹʤʵ
칤͹ı֤Ȼʮ⡣
ˣǬ֮˭Σ˵һ˵
пѯʵ
ò˵Ǭ֮Ϊ״޴ĺôҪϸ˽һ¡
Ǭ֮칤һģ󣬱;ִ֮ͨ˿ڲסĿռ䲻ϱѹԣܷ񽫽֮뵽֮ۡС칤ܹɽϲѧеܲţųѣտǬ֮
Ǭֻܾס޷ָֻľ칤УѾڽһУԺΪģһ֧飬רŸ¡ǵУǬˣңָֻľǽҩ԰ʳĶ츣زࡣ
ֿ˵£ҲʮԺ
˵һִеҴߡԭȾѧƣѧġңⷽţ뷨пգܶ෽棬˼Էŵĸḻ
ǬҪʲô
˽ҲǰԵͷ˲ŲʷеĽܳˣȷʵʷ֤ԼиǰûȴǴɳ¶ڴУֻҪвܣȻӵո¶ͷǵĻᡣͺñȺһ
ȻǬ֮ҲԲǼ򵥾Ϳġ


1709 źŽ
ȷʵ򵥣Ǭ֮ǿռ֮Ҫ̿ռģҪӦϵĲأһʼԿռԵʯռʯ죬ֻֿռϱͺ޷ģʹãǺһ㣬ҵ취
Ҳͷ˵
㣿
ȤĿǡ
ǵģһֺ㣬Ϊ㣬̽飬ӦӦþһ˿Ѫ㣬صܳԣʮֵ̰ԣңζٶȼ죬ͨɫˮζ·һɫ硣ʮ־ˡв׽ȴ֣Щܹ֮ζٶȼ죬Ϊϵۡ
ҲŲæ˵
ǴЩشķ֮һ
ϣ̺ռԲ˵Ķܹ֮ȻĻۿռ֮ͨأÿһƬۣԳΪһռͨԪʡʮֵ
һ㣬칤˴ΪϲʼоǬϣ뵽УһԣȻ˴Ϊϲǰ
ĳطģǬöопԪǬ磬ȫͬ
ҵ㣬Ҳһ
ΣǷѾȦ
йâ˸ѯʵѾ֪ǬŵĹؼ㣬㣬ۣۣܹǬؼж٣ĹģΡ
Ǻܶ࣬ѾȦ귢ʱֻһƬȺһٶڼʮ귱ҲֻﵽǧҪȡۣҪɱֻҪȡһֻ֣Ҫһʱ䣬µۡ
ػ˵
һʱȥѵ̫ˡʮŲһΣңѺ󣬷ɻıʲߣһѣܳɻʮ˵顣
ȻֹЩ
ڣǬҪ࣬â󣬰ȷʽҪĶƬƬƬ۾ͿԣҪȻĲá
ʮһѣô
пѯʵ
ЩѾѣԤһΣ㡣
ֺŵ˵
ɻʲȳ֮ᰮǰժ¥¥֧ȡҩѣǿȥˮ޻ʥҺࡣһпܣӳɻʣӿٶȡ
΢
ЩǱôҲ˷ѡ
ĿܣӳɻʡЩ׼󣬳ɻʾԿһʮֿɹ۵ĸ߶ȡһΣҪҪʮǼֻ㽫
ǣ۾
빫϶¶ϲɫͬʱڴӦ
ʣ۶Թ칤ҪĵλսԵġȻԽԽáδǿصĵλսԴǰǱγɹģǴģС
΢Ϊɳǻٴţɳ֮⣬ٴν½Ҳܻѹɸ˿ڡ
ƳͻȻ˵
ͺñƳǣҲųţȻɿռ䡣
ܺã¿Уɳ׼ţɳ˿ڿİ򡣡΢Ҳѡͬ
ɳź󣬿İ򣬵ϣһҪﵽ֡ҪţϣԴԴϵİգԸǰµɳǣһŷϴ׵棬Ҫǵڴװչƣѱĸ
۾΢б
ʱ߸ڼǰ˵
뽲
п׵ͷ˵
Ҵ׾ʮϢȣۣѾﵽ£˿ȴǴ׹ߣݸģҲǸ֮ʱԣõķǡţ
ڼһɫ˵һ֣Уг۾ǵһʼ⡣Ǿλ죬һǶȫڸǲסЦ⣬սϲ
ڴ׿Ǳǿ׳
սǿս
嶼Ѿ磬ħս⡣磬˵ȱشҲǸոշأԲռЩʱ̣õʱţռݸĽ򣬿԰¸ɳǣİա΢ΪţѾ̲ݻ
ڼ˵
Ҫŵĵһ
ҴʱѾ۾۳ǣŹǽҵʱ飬׿ţ
Ҳϵ˵
顣
ͷʾͬ
飬š
Ҳͷͬ
ĻҪǴǼֱǻú
ܺãȻˣ֮ѪǣɿʼţҪѪֵҴ׵ĽҴ׵ɳǡΪū嵱ǿҴףѹһеС
¶֮ɫȻ˵дϡҪΪԣΪ巢׽֮ڣеǿ塣
۾ʥҴӦռݸĽ򡣡
ȺҲ񼤵¶֮ɫţǾζӣζŴױøǿЩڵˣȻܹȡ棬ǽ˳ɾʥͥǶг˵һĻԵһɳ졣ѹ˷
Ҫࡣ
ȻҪ鵰ĸ
ţħսʿսϻȡٵĺôҲżҴףսϣҲ֤ԼĲܣյ뷷⡣
пУЦſ˵

һԵĲʾ
óһʥֱּӴ򿪣۾ּΪͽ˵λһƷִƴ׾ڣͽ֮¡
£ʱҲɵĵһ𣬹̤˳лл۾ǸҲΪ۾˵ƹܺá
Ǵˣ˵ʲô绨Ļܸģһġ
⼸죬Ըܵ׵۳е֣׵׵۳ĵ̵жôǿ󣬸ʩǶδţδͺñϴŵ̶̼ʱ䣬Ѿ߸ǿ󣬸ǳ֪ͽ˵ǴеһҪڡ
󲿷ְգעΪͽˣҰ޵ȵȡְϣҲǶԴоصĵλ
ܵõôҪλãеļж֪
£Լıְɡƽĵͷ˵
뷷⣬Ϊة࣬ΪУĳ֮סλһƷ
뷷
һ뷷⣬νˣֱ뷷ة࣬Ȼ֮׶һλһƷڵλϣҪһ


1710 ܱ
ħսҹսϣ¿ǲϳıߣڸǶ硣ܣȻչ¶սУҪΪһЩ¶ǣչֵ쾡¡νһʱǣڴֹϣӳɫ
ʷһ㣬ܵ֡ûܹ˵
٣ڴУ˿̲û˿ڷԡ
л۾
ûжԴʲôƴǵĴ㣬ֱӴӦ
вžҪʲáȻһǿţة֮λ˭
񣬶ʮսӦõõĵλ
ƽ˵
нʿ뷷⣬ħսϾѾɡ
ֶԴ׵йһ˽⡣Ҳǳ׽֮Уʮı仯ϸһ飬һж
λ䣬żȻѾ£Ǿȷһڡ˵ս£粻˳٣֮Ͷ֮󣬴ʽţ𹥻
׸׼Ѿʮֵ걸ǺڻǱģܵһʱϡңɳǴڳڣԲ⣬ϣͬκβء
ʱͯ¶һ˿֮ɫ漴ͻȻǰ˵۾б

п׵ͷ˵
ִֵͯ¸鱨ڴ׾ھ⣬Ƕպգܶ˶Ψֱ֮մȾϡȻ˭ֵܷĹ
ոճӵܱһԴ׾ܱңǵ۾Уصעĵطӣݣ߻ʳͯʺɵĿ˵
ӣݣ߻ʳȺܡھȻѾΪʳˣȻе˼˵˵ӣݵ׷ʲô
йâһ֮ѯʵ
Щ壬ǴûǹҪΪԭ޷ŵĻѾȥˣȺܳ׽壬ʵڲӦôϡ̫౰
ݴܱ߻ʳս׼ң̽̽飬߾УҴмǿĵӣƺҪ׼Ǵ׳֡ң߻ʳУƺżΪµɱﵣһЩϣԶԶʳĽޡ
ͯ˵ţе˼¡ʱһƬǰγһĻ·һͶӰ
ͶӰڴУȻĳǰ
ֳĻ沢ǺᣬܿĳǷֳɼɡ
һĻȻԿһ׻գãƼݣһ۾ܿʮֵȱӪӶȴһȺȺţ󶴣ũȵأ֣ڿȵȣһĻĻ˴ĿġУǴȭӣӡ
ԻãŮǸӵңܶ໭棬ķŭУܶ˶Ѿ¶˿˿ŭ𣬲Զǿ󣬲ûٶڼۿЩʵļ¼̺ľʵ鱨
󣬿һħ֮俪ʼǩԼһֻֻħֱ˵УȻЩ˺ȻĿʼ䣬磬ϻħģһϣͷ­ͻȻɻͷңĿ¶׹⣬ɱࡣɱģ׻Ѫ塣
ɱ󣬸ʳΪĿġ
漫Ѫֲ
ȫһƬ֮ء
õ
зһЦ
ЩܹȻΪˣҹΪħѾˣ˰ȺӦȥݼ̹εѣǰһսĩ۾ӣݣ߻ʳЩɱƽߣɱء
߻ʳѾ˳һȺ˵ħ壬ҪǴȥΣ޴󣬶ңеĳ衣𡣡
ҧ𷢳һŭ˫ĿŭЩ㲻ˡѾħһУȫûбҪκε֮ġߣѾˡ
οһȺܡӵ
ӣݾǴжԶ
΢ѯʵ
ӣλ嫺ڣǴףвʮ
ͯʿ˵
ţʮȻҴŷΧ֮ڣȻˣǾע߻ʳʹ˸𡣡׵ͷ󣬵׾нʿ׼սţעϾСۣȡ档
ɳǣڷ֮´گаգǨ³ǵ׼ԸǨƣߡǰʹͣЧ£Ҫ°գϴţΪţ֧֡ɳУֻʱס֤ʸİգԱǰµɳǣΪگ
׼ʱŲɳǵָλáŴ򵽺δδͱҪɳѹ£һŬɳǽת
ͳƣڿƾ֤ԼһܵĿһɳغɳ֮һʱǲ齨ɳǸţڼ䣬޷ٶһǣó򳷣÷򷣡ˣ󡣡
սڣ׼׵ʣһȱ١ȫλҴףսʿѪ֮¡κβأششϢ
һппٷ
ս˵ֻҪ˵һ˵ͿԡǿǷ档ݲκκи
۾ģȾи
Ⱥ˵
׾޲ˣս޲ʤ޵У
ͬķź
һ̣սĺŽѾ죬ͷޣѾʼѣ¶צ
ų
һɳ֮׷ͨ󷵻ءͬʱȥĻһֱӴȥ
ʱɳڣնʱȻ˷ܣм㽡
̫ˣ۾ع飬ǴҪʼˣҪȫµɳˡµɳǣÿһɰ˿ڣ˵ÿһ³ǣһʼֻʮҵ˿ڡֻҪȥܹȡõľסȨڵסȨ³УҪ³ǣҪ
ǰ˵ǰ³ǣѡǨƵˣܻȡ³УܵŻߣÿһν³ǣǶһξ޴ĻԵЩɳӵþסȨģҲѡǨƣǰģ³ǵˣڸ൱ܶ඼ڷɡǰǶ˵һǴ׿ʼţҪ˿ڣһܴҲҪȥõľסȨ׾Ͳˡ
ߣߣߣһȥ֪һӵж³ǣҪˣ˵ֲˡ
ɳеİգǶĦȭƣ˸߲ҡ˿ûжԴʲôִ뷴СڴҲһֱΪҪ
ңֱ´ĵگ
ڴ׵ǳ޷ġѾﵽһֲɵĸ߶ȣǳݣǾ֧
һ£ӦƼ


1711  
ںܶ˵µɳǣɾһθı˵Ļᣬڴ֮УҪףɳӵþסȨȡԼķˣӵȨͬ£׷ŮӣоԵƣϾ˼ŮҪף飬ȻҪϰ
ַݣþסȨȶδȥĻ
ⲻʵǾʵ
ʵǷֲġ
˻ᰮؤؤȥˣȥһôУȴָ֮١
ǰûа취ʮûţûµɳǣʣܶ˱ڵĻᣬ֪ײԶţһţζţˡ
ȥµɳǣͽ˵Զɳܱ߻Ұ̽ѰҴߣޣҪֱҰʱλҪִ֧͡
֮·ˣϴ
ԴӿֱһЩִҴߣǽܶйִĶ˴֮СȻȫȻܣЩһɡֱ֪ܶĹܺҲ׷ѡֱҵУ磬ֱֱֱֲƷֱ̽գֱ޵ȵȡ
ֱ治С
УνǴΪʢС
ڴҪţҪ³ǣȫǸǴĺôǻԵôݴ
ÿһοģǶھһ󱦲ء־֮ʿԸ׷
̫ˣǴɳѹҰ򣬷ԲǧڣɳΪ𡣲Ǵ׵ľֻǸѹЩе岿ʵģܲɳվȽŸҪЩɳеˡ۾˵Ҵ֮УǿǿʿѵẦЩ塣ɳ֮⣬ԲǧΪ𡣡
һЩѪʢİգϲЦտ¶ᶨ֮ɫ
еİգһѪԣսǿĵˣռݸĽ
ɳһǨƣӦƼ

ųȻԿеѪ˲¶ܿѪǣаʮһɣ׸ߣһۿȥͬһȻʶֺأһۿܸܵǼ᲻ɴݵϱݡǽϣƺܿһ֡
ЩѪǵĽʿǣǵ֡УʮѾһϰߡֻҪߵյ㣬ڻҰΪ䣬նѡԼʬѪǡ
£ǻһѣոѣѪǣΪѪשߣ־ڳ棬ػףк㱨ס
һҫаնѾѾΪһִͳÿѪǺӦĳשϣͻḡֳԷ֣ƽ¼
ÿ꣬ͳһӣѪǽм롣ּ룬򣬶ԴѪʬ롣ѪԳѪǵľء
ѪǴ˿һ֣ڱֳ߽ʼմһ֣ʵ״̬ȴȻ¶޾ѹޱߡ
Ѫǣһ¶ˡ
죬Ͽ콫ϢݳȥУѪǳˣֻ£Ѿ׼Ҫʼˡ
ãҪˣϢٶȴݻȥҪˡ
ڴ׽߾⣬֪ŶٵĶĿ̽ӡǳפ⣬Ϊ˶Ѫǡڴױ߾һЩ岿䣬ǽµ֮ءڸǿȫغ󣬾͸ӵľ¡
׿ħսɱպ׺ֱɱҹսϣӲĹѫ׵λãǶô˼顣սֲ֮Ȼǳ
һţɵвǳġǵӰǾ޴
һʱ䣬ѶϢ鱨һʱ䳯˷ݳȥ׿ʼŵ鱨Ҳٶȣ˵УϾ׵ľٶΪӵġ
ڴܱߵ岿䣬ʲô䶼Уʲô嶼С
磬ʳֲ䣬鲿䣬ʳħ粼֣ˣЫ壬деˮȺȵȣӴ׵ľٶ
˿̣׸һ½أƬ½صĴС֮£ңܿƬ½أԲԭ̵ΪܿƬ½أԲԭΪһˣۼ㣬鶼Ϊ֮泩ֱ̫
Ƭ½أԴ½ڴ׵Ĺ滮ͳУﱻΪԴݡԴ½ϣ壬ʱΪңڲԭϽʱͥʳ֮ͥͥΪ̴ʯ
̴ʯʷУҲһʱУžصĵλ
ʷأ̴ʯʱıƾΪ졣ĩڸɽͥϽر߸߿ܶ㣬˷࣬ȫռūĹһǧϱǧĴڣʱ壬ֱһ߷塣
ǣ
Դ½ĴʳͥʷϿҪǿĶࡣӵеʮ־ˡӵе˿Ҳܶ࣬ʮ˿ڡȻ˿޷׵۳ȣԶԶ磬һԱȣɲܷϣʳͥȷʵӦǿʵ
µģǱԣϳս壬ˣһ꣬˾ͨһ£ԾۼʮڴȫԱҲΪ
ң̴ʯҲһۣΪ˶ԿǰޣɱϮһ幦󹦡Źһʮֱ׾ĹŵżͣͨͨˣҲţٶȾͻñȽ굽ڶ㣬޵㡣˵Ĳ㣬ͶмҪͨʣѿԽһޣҪ塣
Ĳ㣬ҪѪ֮Ѫ壬ܴƹذ
˵㣬ҪƷ׸ߵѪѪѪֻһ㣬ϴ󲿷ĵ·Խ棬ҪԴҲԽࡣ
ǰûżġһгɣǿʿսϣʣ൱µս㣬ǾתȻÿļǲͬģҲͬת൱ֲǿķĴƻ൱˵ġ
ȫԱĴʳͥԲСӡ
˿̣ܿԴ½ϣһɽ֮ϣȻһϢǣǣΪǡԢܼ򵥣ϣʳͥ㣬ʣݺ˷ҡ
ͥУһװ̴ʯ˫Ŀһе鱨ˤڵϣзһߵѪǿʼ֣׼ҪţףҴʳͥ¡ȥ󣬾н䣬ҴʳѾ㹻ʳͥ


1712 ֮ڽ
̴ʯûı׵ͷŵ˭ǿ˭ҲҪȴһ˵ΪԼĴʳͥȴѷɫ٣Դ½ʳͥսžԵƣţκѷɫҲǡ
ˣȥҰ壬Ϣݹȥ˵һֶԿ׵۳ҴʳͥǰΪͥޡǿǿ֣ӵиǿս
̴ʯȻԸҲû׼һ֮Կ׵۳еһɱġ
Укܶûнħսģѡʱ䣬չ׳ʳͥôչģҪȻҲӵ˶˿ڡ͵˵ز
Դ½УһǾǰ壬ɲе˳壬ͬǼǿս塣ǿٶȼ죬ǼΪ¡棬ƻǿսϣԺС
ҪˣʳͥҲܶ޶á
ȥˡ

߻ʳ
ʹ֮ڣ֯ųҲõصܱ
ȻѾʼţѪǾǴ׳Ǵ׵ԲŲġҴ߻ͥעҪΪԶƵıݣעҪꪳɳ
֯ųһŵ˵
Уһſ֮⡣
׼ãһΣҲġǸĸֱУ˵ǻʳ۳Ҳɿ⣬Բȴѷɫ
غ֣ͬЦ˵
ΪɱУǿǸ˼ĴۣһΣֻɹʧܡ
ģһʧ
֯ųƶ˵

ʲôѪֳˣѾʼô죬ǰܱ߲䣬λǰ飬οױ棬һΣСӣҪһ׵İ취
Ҫˣ֪ͨȥǴʯ䣬׼ɽܿ׷âֻҪֵױ棬ǴڻҰУҲȥĻᣬҵͥһٴڲʱһ¶ѣʲô˵ġŲҪġ
ױ̫ǿ濹⣬ϰߣǻɳѹһʱ򣬻Ұǵġ£Ժ绹лġҪģǱ֤ȥ
ܲˣĲݱܷâǲ䲻Уɱ壬ԹˣմյѪǾԲ׷ŹǵġĹ϶Ƿɱ֮ƬײԲܾʹ־ܣеĵóһΣǾҪҲҪôһƤ
䣬׷׽ӵѶϢ
Щֽ֪ɫЩѡãȷɽʵڲУͶ㵽£֮ȱܿ棬ģһжпܣֻҪܻžͺá
оЩ屾о޴ɱġѾûа취ϴס֮䣬һҧ׾Ҫ׾һսҪҲҪƴһѣңֶֺѾ˳һ׼ƴһҲ׼һĺͳȥ٣ҪһϣɽĻᶼûС

һ½½ϣ죬ɭïܣζվǧٹ֣ãλðɫʣкֲܶܷ⣬еĸѤ䡣
иɽд֡Ŵݣ塣
һƬ½Ҳѷɫ
һƬʢĴУȻܿһʮ־޴صĹɢŨŨϢڹϣȻܿһصݣУһż䣬Ӣľۼһ
һͷڣȨȣϣȻϢŮ¶һ˿ǰڷһܱ
ѾʼţЩ꣬ΪѪǵԵʣ׾ڵ鱨ʮϡ٣̽鵽ʮȥԴ׵ĻۣѾɱһȻټϴħսϵõϢ׵ľǿԿҹ羫棬޷赲һ֧鲿ҿ˵һ˵
Ů˵
ʱ̣̺Ķζ
ǾײԶֻ£ţ޷㿪Ȼʵδֵܵס׵ı棬жԣ׽ˣ֮У֮ҵɷƳδزһõѡ񡣴׾ڣҲ壬ֻҪжԣҲܹɡ
˿
һѡ񣬵Ȼᷢʲô˭Ǻ
ǻʱ䣬׾ڣҲǾ֧䣬ȡϵѯ鱨пܣҲһݴ񡣡
Ů΢˵

嫺ڣ壬죬½أķ仯˼ײǳģǧˡ
һһ
ʱܿױ߾Ѫֳμǿʼţ忪ʼͣ޷ٶɢɢʱ·õģεģɽǧ飬ݣײ壬Ҳûвκδĸо
ȴԽԽԶֵķΧۿɼٶȷǡ
󣬵죬½ءһ˲䣬ѪǵķΧ֮ڡ
ÿ죬ôô졣Ѫǵٶ̫ˡ
ôഫѪʬģҪһ·ɱ¾ó岻ţڻûпսôŵô졣
ԣѵ֮ǰѪǻȡĻ֮ۡǰûжȴһԵͷų
ڳ̽ӣͼоǽԼֱӴȥһʧǰԶԼȴûбײķѣò˵ոջıһΪԼҪײ
ҲѪǵ֮һ
漴ʶѪ֮ǰսл˺ĵ̣һͷųչ¶ǳսУ޷ˮ壬ÿ춼֮岿ս붼սѪǵЩʬֻҪͻȻȻա
Щǵ̡
ӲҪ˵ı壬һնɱѪǣÿ춼ˣԷѵԣȫΪѪϡʮѪǵĵжǿжûܹ֪Կ϶伫ֵ򣬾ǳľ޴
ԣΪʲôûиоԴ׵ѹƣûѹƣѹƵǺܴƺ׵ˣûֱӹ
ɳѹһУɳ֮ǴĽھǱѪȦססԴ׵˳֮Ҳûа취ֱѹɳ򣬴װǰĻۣЩ
ԸܵѪסԼڵ򣬿ûյѹƣѾܿ췴ӦеءѪڣǴ׽򣬵ܲܳͿ׵ʵ


1713 
ɳǳֻҪѹһУȻô׵ǨưյĸĿ֮һаգģܻ⣬ǣˡҲǸ岿ΨһķᣬȻֻᲢǺܴ
ѪŵٶȺܿ죬ǳ졣
ΪⲢҪ׼ѪǱ;еĵֻ̡ͷųָѪǱӦеĳȣȻʮɡŲϵͷţܿһ죬ĵǲһ֮صĴ½أ׷ױڣ飬ʿҲĿã޴Ѫǣ޷ٶȣɨ
ֱӴԼϴȥ
ͺһƬõͶӰֱӴԼ塣
½ϣ̺ͬŴա
ʲôоһǽֱӴϴȥңʧˡô¡һ㵵˵
øߺôĳǽѵǺ¥ۻĻܴһۻۻҪǵģҪǺ¥Ļ󡣡
ԣ˵ھǺԶĵطʥأ׵۳ڴУһѪǣոĳǽѪɫģ˵еѪȫͬĪǾѪǣѪţָĽ򡣡
Ѫ֮أΪ׽ѵǴ׵۳ҪʼˣѪǾסƬ½ҲڴŵķΧ֮ڡ
˸оǺ¥һЩ־֮ʿȴ뵽һֿܡ
ֿģĴ仯
Ȼûȥ׵۳ɴӸ;УԴ׻һЩ˽ģħս֮󣬴׵磬壬鶼ڴ̴׵֡
ٲ˽ףҲ֪׵۳еһʥء
棬԰
ӵϣһš
ֻҪһ뵽Щжǰ
ǲ
Щֻǲ²⣬ܶˣ⼸ʮû뿪ԼпֻڷԲǼʮֻգȴ޷ԶСĳ̶ֳϣܻţˡ
ûʲôȻŸҪ
ȻҲյ㽣ⷶΧڵ֮Ҳ¶ӵı顣ԼѾ²⵽յʵ
֮У߳ǿߣ̳С㡣ЩԭʼķǴףǳΣʱδһᡣ̨Խ󣬲ʩչĻᡣ
ףδػڳΪһ֮Ҫѷɫӵиء
ĵǵ⣬Ӵĵ⣬ͬҲ⡣ߵȴȫûа취Ƚϵġпܣ˭ϣںǰֳԵ⡣
׾һ̨
ɻĲòģͬ
ЩȻѡ񣬿һЩСڴ׵ջ󣬲û̫ĵֿȫ֮ͣڵΪ֮ףδزӵһý磬ȡһ֮λáҲһˡ
ѪţֵķΧ׳ԭȴ׵Ľʮֹ½أͳͳͳϽΧ֮ڡ֪УѾ׽ڵ嫺ȫѪǵַΧ֮ڡ
ס嫺Ѫǵ֮ͣõѪǣҲһֱ̣лָʵʮһɸߵĳ壬Ȼɢεѹ
ǽ֮ϣȻܿһʿѲءѪϣвt̨ʵһﱤǹ׾нʿӪկõġ
ֱݣѪϣ֮ΪѪսѪӪ
ѪϣÿǧһѪսսУפ׽ʿʮЩʿǴ׵ĳرسǣսֱһսսԴơ
رʵǴ׵Ԥ۴
֮Уʩз۹ߡ
ﵽʮӣǰս磬ھӪ֮Уѵһ꣬һ󣬴ѡߣԸ⣬ɽͳн·֮·Ը⣬ǱߣתΪͨʿʽꡣУ볤رȻһѡ񣬷۶ǹͬУûľڷ֮
۵Уפأÿһֻ꣬һΣпܴһս۵ʮսֻÿһΣû궼Ѫ϶ȹǣޣݡͬһ󣬿ѡۣ뿪У
󣬿ѡԼ顣Ϊͽˣ֮·ȵȣǹԸײǿ
ԣ׵꣬һУҪꡣһѵۡ
ҲһеѪԣսġҪڲİʴѪԣҪģһָսսûʲôطܱȾи
±棬ҲҪھд꣬ۡһ㣬һͬʣָֹߵͣ㸻ɵйӵܣһǰзۡʮǰͨѧãѧԺѧ
ѧɣ壬һֱ꣬񺣣ɽѧԺѧԺ꣬󣬻пˣͨߣ벻ѧٴνޡʮꡣʮɳɲšѡ׸иҵܽѧģɣ˲ţһеţ콾
ǲѧѧӣҲн׾Ĵͳ
ܽѧ֡
֮УһͯѾˡ
׵ķ۹ߣܺõĹʵȥԣڵĴ׵۳ȱԴȫԱڷ۵Ĺߣ֮Уӵû˭ҷԡҵˣȻݰ֮׵ġΪ֮ͷ­ѪҲϧ֮͡
ԣھսУ̺źıԱ
ѪǷ£һѪսڣ̵ʱڣִĽʿʼתʻְسǡڴ˿̣ѪǸոո嫺ʱĳرս̤ϳǽ
֣ǹ֡سǣһɫɨܣų⡣һκζЩսڵһʱ䷢𹥻
Բκԥ
Ѫǵĳ֣Ȼһʱ;ܱ壬ǱһڿʱڤڤһָӦ֪ʲô
Ѫǡ
׵Ѫǣҵ졣Ȼ嫺򣬶ңǰ
ǿܸ̺ܵͬ󺣰㣬ɲ⣬᲻ɴݡ
ǽǴ׵ľӣȻôࡣ⵽ж٣ÿףһսʿأ棬ӵжս׵ĵ̵жۺسǣҪٱԱѣֱһְôܸ𡣡
Ŀ£̲סһ


1714 ս
Ѫһε־֣޷͸̽ǽսʿΪ硣ֻܸоÿһǾǿս֮ʱܷӳǿƻЩսȻ׾񣬿м˵ΪٶﵽϾﵽͼģҲ
β롣
ѪУս䣬ӦԴ󲿷ֱʡ
Ѫǣǳ½ϣǳڴϣڸɽϡڴУһֳдˮԳǷǺܶ඼ûǻۣܵĸоԼܵϮ˳㳯ųǽǽϵĳرҲԥķ𷴻ܼ꣬
޺ޣ׷ױɱ󺣱Ⱦ죬ȻѪȻıѪ
һΣɵѪ⣬Ҳûţ´ΪѪǵĵ̣ȴһţһͷţٴϯ¡ʿԷӦĻᡣ
ã嫺޷ٴͳȥˡһεڸ洫ͣѪڵĹؿѪǷ˽򡣡
嫺УܶĿѪǵţУʼԼеľȻߣߵĿĻ˵ߵģȴ֣һЩţ޷ٿ޷ڴУһε洫ͣһͳȥĿĵأܲԤڵڡǱʱУʧڲԤ֪֮ء
ڸ洫֮һ㣬򲻵ѣ˭̤ţ嫺⴫͡
Ȼ嫺ڣִͣܵӰ죬ֻǶ뿪嫺Ӱѡ
Ѫ嫺֮һ
һ󣬺ܶһŭ𣬿ȴ޷κθı䡣
ǿԳѪǣԽȥ
򣬾ͱҪĽ
޿ˣǾ;һս
ȥеһŮʹ׵۳
ɽţһеȴս˵
ĿѪ嫺ڵһʱӦȻѡҲǸͬġֱӷɽģѡ񽻺õģҲѡ񷴿ģЩ׼ĲһȻǿҪһǾһɾǿӴһ㣬Ȼ˭ɵӡ
׵ôõѡ
֣϶Կסõķ
ѶϢв໥ϵѰϡţֻҪ岿Ҫֵ׵ĹƣԲκ⡣
ڴ׵£嫺ڣ壬׷ϵһ𣬸޷ЧʣˣʽȡΪˡ˴ɺ󣬾ͽвԼߣҪọ́ϧһеĵֵױ档ȻҪһ
Ǹ֣ǴҲ׹ơ
̣ڿûطӡӡѾƣǿߣȫԳ֣Ȼǿ󣬿һ㣬û㹻ǿĵ̣ʵﵽһ߶ȣһѹһֻ赲ǧ
岿֮еΪطӡѾˣˣԭ޷õѾȫʹá
׻û˵ʲôɽġȫƾ趥սѹ

ʱȻš
εĻȻңɴ׾ڣʼһս״£ʿʼعӪ׼ʣϵս硣һ̣ս磬ѾΪתĺġ֪УѾ֮ա
ʮʮ
һ죬նһֺգȽȽ
սУȻԿһ޴ĵ㽫̨̤ϡȺšһ֧֧гķ
ſڵ㽫̨ǰѹѹһƬ飬һȥȫսĺԭʼüװЩţֳ𺳵ľòѪη
ȸ׻䣬ħ¾ʮ֧ȫ
ÿ֧һ򣬼ǧİûκȱԱǰ
ЩǾеľʵͶѾﵽླմ׾оƷƣĽʿ˶ܽһս콫һսΪżΪླ
ǸоûΪĲܣǻһѡ񣬼ԭȵľУƷףɱ䣬ɳ֮ΪһһƷɱΪһǡʵѾһսҪԭȾţκʱ򣬶ԽӦƷ׵սӵͳ֮Ȩ
˿̣ĽʿȫһԺպսȡûκܹ񶨡
Ĵ֪ж¡
׵ĵ̣һ̣ȫչ¶
λʿҴ׶ţڱСĽ򣬲ԹҴսӵ˿ڣ磬кޱߣ޾ĽУգȴűȡھ⣬մȾѪͬڳſѡѡ
Ҵףû֮ʦְ˷ܿѵͬգʿս޲ʤ޲ˣΪҴף²๦ѫӣǵС
սַΧΪѪ֮أΪ֮أĿ꣬嫺ڣҴɳǡս£ɾ߸ͬϣΪͳ˧ȫȨս
лʿ˵
УռݵƸߵ㡣γʦôףʼվڵһ
ʼռžԵȨ
У¾裬ǲݷ񶨵ʵɴΣ֮УͬǲܷϵġЩǴ׳ɣûκԶԴ顣
š
вûм֡ιΪγվ̨ѡ
ǣ۾
һ񣬸̤ϵ㽫̨
һս߸еʿƶսԣδоƿءǲң漰ģ˾޴һսۣ鶼һ󼤵
λ˴ս۾Ѿ˵ĺǵĿ꣬嫺嫺ķΧԶԶҴĽСʮϰٱֹ
һսȻΪѲĶ֣ǴȻǿ󣬲Ϊսǿ󣬶ɳΪģĿģҴɳǣ鲼µĵ죬½أǴϵĻĵסɳǣʤ
٣磬񣬸أ󲿷ͬ衣ҵȿɳ֮ռȻɳǣǿհ򡣡
սʮ֧ţͬʱЯɳǣٶȣš
һȻ˵ҡȻ¶һִš
Ǿ߸ͬƶսԡ
ΧŴ׸ߣɳƶľ̫ȱʱ̣׵ɳֻҪȥһööӣֱӶڸֻҪһʱݻ٣ԴԴϵĻ⣬פķ


1715 Ԫս
һΣʮ֧սţͬʱβԵķƶս򣬶ֱռȻΪĿģνռȻǲһһΪĿģԵ죬½ΪĿꡣܱģƶõսԣһʱÿһ죬½ϣһɳǡ
Ե½Ϊսν
һսͼڼΪԪսһսԪսۡ
Χ֮УռԪս
ռԪͷ·һŶӣֱӶϡǧ޷ԪǾһ޷γ̣öԷܵ㣬ɹ˿ء
һΣƶսͬһ죬½أ̡Ȳ̵ĲΣȽһɳȥֻҪվȺƬ½ϣڴ׵ĸ
׵һսɲֻƾʮ֧սŶѣǴͽˣİաЩͬս˷ĸ֮һɳǣҪȥˣֻҪɳתԵֵסĳΪסǰսǣǾΪҪġ
֧ԮǴԴԴϵĵִ
Щսĸ
ȫԱʿս֡򣬻˳İգεֵ޷վȽŸ
ʮ֧ٶȣֱǰ½ءҪʱڣɳǣȫе½أҪô׵Ĵǣֱӱ鲼嫺
һ㣬սǰѾٳоŴȥ
սսս
޵Уս޲ʤ޲ˣɱɱɱ
Ϊͬս
һʿ׷췢źսһ죬Ѿȵ̫ˡʮ꣬ʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ˡÿһж¶ȵս⣬ǿעҪڴʷϣŨīزʵһʡҲУĽġ
ףȫ
һӣһööУʽս֮·
ʺţ
ڼҲ˵
ˢ
ʺУĲʺţ˸߲ʺ⣬ʺĴ£Ѿɱ鱦̺ĴӵǿᣬȻֱӴ͵ĵز嫺ڵĴͣûκ⡣Ǵ׸ֱӶ嫺ֵĸԭ֮һ
嫺ڵĵͼͼ嫺еõһݺͼЩֵ꣬̽̽£͸ǽͼƣͼֻǼһЩҪĵ½أֵĵһ¼ڡ
ȻƶȣνޱȾˡ
ԣȥս֮ǰѾ׼ĺ߸һ̣ȫᵽʺУڲʺϣսŦġһս֡
ˢˢˢ
һ֧֧ſ̤ϲʺţһ̤ȥģһķˮʦʮǴ֮Уѡʺˮ֮ţ£ҲһӵܳɳȻܶ඼ֻͨķˮʦЩˮʦܿϣȻֳһɫֻֻ·һ廷һ۶ɵġ
졣
ⲻֻͨһ
ԵӶʥжȡĶɡЩᣬа£ױϴᶼӺɫɰɫңĶռ䣬ħֱתͨĶռ䡣ЩռȻ̫󣬿ҲԲСڶռУޱ
˿̣ЩռþͱһᱻֻЩˮʦУֻװĿɶһѾõɳǡһ㣬ɳƶЧʴǰһҪطֱϹֻҪЯܽһɳ͵ָλá
һ㣬սеıȻǳġ
˿̣ŲʺŵתһɹԴԴϵĴ֮ӿעʺУ֧Ųʺŵĸתʺת൱޴Ҳֻ֧֮ŲʺԴԴϵת͡
˿̣嫺ڣ׵۳⣬д½е죬лĵ
ܿһ߲ʺл׵۳γһѤĲʺ硣
ƯĲʺ硣
һöǴʺſ͵ףǴףڿʼˡ˵бǰɳǽػĵİգѾ֪ͨҪ׼ʱ̤봫ǰɳǡ
ڴ׾ڣĿһʺգѾ֪սʼˣжǲ¶ڴ֮ɫڴµɳǣµĽµķ羰
һΣÿɳʮա
ȵȻȻȡʸ
ԣװĿòʺŻĲʺ磬¶ϲ֮ɫ
ڴ׶ԣĺ¡
ʱ嫺򳹵׶
ڴ׽⣬һĵϿգһʺ绮âһ£ȻԿһɫƾճ֡ϣһʿѾ𵶽֡ɫ۾š
콢ϣɨܣĵ׵ͷɻĵϺޡ
ĵ󣬲ǷԲСǰĵ죬ѾǲСУĵ죬һСССĵû̫Դԡ
ڵִ붼룬ϣнʿ׷ĵϾۼ޺޷𹥻ܼļ£׾ͱһգһٶҵտش
ɨ
ɳǣΪҴ׿
褶վߵһ꿪˵
£дŰɫֻɢȻΪ׽Ϣķˮʦ󣬵һЦԥ˵Ȼ
漴ûκγɣûֻâһ£ȻԿһ޴ɳǳС
ˮʦв֪ʱһɽޣɳǳһ
䣡
ɳǶʱűɨĿյȥ
һȥשɵɳǣʱںһܲɷ֣ͬһͬʱˮʦҲڲϳ棬ܱߵĵò׷׷ı䡣Уһɹɵ֮Ȼĳɳǻ۶۳ԪҲۡɳ£ۡ
һ£ȻȻͳΪĵģܱģ۴֮γ
תۼ䣬ܿɳѾܱ߻ںϣһ㶼Ǹոһɳǡ
ɳº漴ͿڳеĴ˸Źâ
ӰٴӴ˳
ǺȻŴ׹ٷĹٷ
׵ĹٷʮɫΪ·жƣеУִһ˿ƮȻңȥӵľ
ֹٷڴУ֮Ϊۡ
ŴƽơйģƷײͬҲֱͬӵı־ϵ٣ƷǾŶСƣƷǰ˶䣬ԴƣȻ٣ӵеƻ󣬸죬ܿˣϸֳСơ
һƷԱҲһɳ֮


1716 
Դ׿ƾӱĽʿڿƾʮУɼ㲻ס棬нۺϳɼ£ܳΪʿ
ڴУνʿڿƾУʸִһɳǣһ˲ţʿɳǳѡˡֻҪµɳǣͿԴǵнѡɼԽãȻȡɳǵĻԽȡȻΪһЩԸȱݵ˲š
ȻûʸȡΪɳ֮ĻᣬһԽ׳ãֻҪĳнܳߣȻԽصĲţ磬ѧȺԽ£ɽ̲ùգвѧɽ빤ڲųڣ裬ǿɽȵȡ
ɳУȻְλߡ
ڳ֮£ҲΪְλ̸ţʷ̨켮ɳǼеţǱҪĹٷЩɳеţҲ֮ΪСתɳְܱزٵĲ֡ȻŻУܶ඼ɳֵ֮ܲġ
磬ֵ̽ľݵ㡣ǲرȵȣЩɳֵ֮ܲĵط
ڳ֮£ЩŵִߣƷΪƷҲְϸ֡
磬Ϊ
ͨĲ죬ǾƷд׹Ϊڡܹܴ˼ǽ׳õż棬²죬ͭ²죬²죬²졣еľƷƷڽ֮ϣ֮ΪƷƷУһλãǾǲǶƷĹ
ɳУְλߵģҲǴﵽ²Ϊ
Щɳְܲŵһ֡
ÿһνɳǣȻǵһʱ䣬ɳǳڣŵԱͬʱ䱸ִġ
ܿĳԵúʵһĵʿ޺Ȼ֮ƺܿǻ۵Ĺâ˸ݳһָϢ
λһǽµɳǣݳ飬ɸѡΪǣڣǵְ𣬾ǽǳתսԴԴϵִ˿ڡ´ּ⣬ÿɳǽܰգԻΪλ㡣ͽʮ򻧰նӣȷϢŷݣϴ켮¿̲ݻλͬŵЭ

һȺ˵ȷ׷ſڴӦ
˷ڴ֮ɫҲ֮أ޾ѧʮꡣǴֵʱ̡ҪȻǰʼնֻܵȴĻһӶû취ҪǣǿΪױǿԼֻһ㣬Ǿ͸оԵĿġ
ͽ˵Ҳǲǰ򡣴ͽ˻ִЭɳǣսǸǲںϺȡܿɳת졣
˵
ּ䣬ûκγɣһʱǰ
Ҳ׷׽ԵĲŸáȻЩֻ͵ı׼Ҫֱ֣ӴǨƹİա
ңǨ˿ڣǰջġ
ʲôǻһˣ磬һˣˣŮĸһҲһˣȻҪǵһ˹ҲһˣҪǵŮమ󣬽ɷޣԭҲͳΪһһע
һ˼ҷֵһݡȨףֻסȨҪӵУǾͱ㹻Ǯƽ֮ȻǮɲ
ܲǾͿΡ
ԣһʵʩÿɳһʼɵ˿ʵǱԭҪġȻЩɳ˵ǿԳܵġ
ŴȻԿһ˸£ϼҴڵĴӴ˳̤ȫµɳУһ¶ϣĿ⡣
ԺҪɳô̫ˡԺҲܻȡþסȨܹӵз̫ˣǿȥǼǺȡ
ڵȵˣԺɳǾǵļң˵ɳǽ֮ٸΣգвĵ壬޷°ٺ֮Ҿȥǽϣæɳǡǵļң˭ƻ
ԴԴϵĴӴг֡
ɳһ£Ѿ򿪣ӸɳдݹİգȻĳ
켮ҲʼͳƣȷסȨŷʼİ١
һеһУתĺȻ
Щȥڴ֮УǼ죬ɳǣȻõⷽܿܵӦ֣ЩİգҲûκλңǼǣȡסһЩսҰٺ󣬺ԥİγ̤ϳǽԷڳǽѲӣۿܻ
ݣɱ
һкҪȫԷĿʼػǡ
Ϊģǽļҡ
գҵıܣǾ൱µġ
ܺãɳѾʼתǻĵ󲿷޺ޱһ飬ʱвߣȥһĵܱһƬĵȺĻĵκһܷŹƬ򣬴͵ĵ죬½ûУȴǧµĵнﶨΪǧȺǵĿ꣬ǽĻĵȫǴ׵ɳǡ
褿Ѿ죬ʱͻ֣ɫ۾ţǰĵ졣
ǧȺĵзԲǧССģҲзԲǷԲСĹµ羰ܱ£ٽȫں
ںޣޣڴ̽ѰⶼǺܶͽϲ顣
褴ŴЩϣܴ̫ĵжһɳǣϵЩȫµĹµϡ󣬺ܿ죬гִѾӴԴԴϵӿֳ
Щ˿ʵ̫ˣܶɳȻ֣ĳ̶ֳϣǱȽӵġؼǣûþסȨ޷ԼķǺܶնǨɳǣȲԭ֮һ
ǧȺĽ̺ܿ졣
ϾڵĴ࣬ǿ˵ûʲôɳ
ǧɳȥתۼ䣬ƬǧȺ
ͬһ߲ʺƾճ֣ٽ١
㵺һŽ٣һɳֱڿߵλãֱ£λãһĺôǾǱ󺣣һԣ˶棬ӺģֻһЩ޶ѣңں棬һһĿȻֵܵ˳ǰŷֵľ档
ɳº󣬳ִԱִӿ֡
̵ʱڣ֡
ݣݡɭݣʯݣɳݣԳﵺ
һ½أ׷׿һʺ֡ŵģȻһɳǸһ˲䣬ʮദ½أͬʱдɳǳ֡
УɳǵĴڣȻȻô׵ˣ־򣬿ʼܿʼɢȥ


1717 ɽ
׵Ķûڡ
ʺŴʱγɵĲʺ磬ޱȵĿؼ䣬ֻҪ֪ǲʺŵĴͣ׵۳ĴԼڵĵϡѾˡ
ңɳµĶƺƴɼܸоڷ
Щǹµĵռݼ½أӵĵ죬κһҪСĵ죬ǰĵҪСЩһ½أٶȵԭȵҪС½ϣȻŴ壬ǿߡ
½ϻŸָյء
ˣǴ׵Ĳʺţʺſ˲佫͵ָλãԵͶģ϶СĿ
һ׵۳ȻֱɳǣҪһöֱӶǰһվȽŸľԴԴϵϯ
ҪĴ½վסţɳǣҲҪǰ˴𲻴Ӧ޳ҽɳǴݻ٣Ĵ½ϣҪɳǳ֡
һ½ϣǿߣͬʱӦܶ౾Ͷе壬Ŀô׽ɳԼƤӵ£ָоǷ·ַܵĿȲܱģ޳ɳǷ𹥻˵
Ըķ
ҲʹɳǸո£޷תʱѾǵصĳ½ɳϯ飬׸Ȼ޵ءֱӾݳǶء޳ɱ
ǻ棬ǲѪȣʮֵĿ¡
ϧֻ޳Ļɳǡգͽˣ·բĺˮһӵϳǽԷľͿʼЭء
׵۳ȫԱһЦ
ܿǽϣŴŮޡɱޣ˿ûа
ɱѽǵµļңԲЩˣɳǴ׵۳дЦ̧ȥһϢ޳
ö⣬ЩޣȥӡʱҶзݡӣ˺˶˵óԡԹԡԲôʧ
һ׺Ůӿںּ䣬һƬƮɢ⣬޾ôͨͨԵڵϣ˯ⶾ׺ˡ
սʼˡ
ҶȣǿθС˶ѡ
Ĵսûгչ
˿̣ɳСܿƬ½ϣ󲿷Ǹһ̵Ľɳٷ֮ʮ򣬶ɳĮشĻУһ弸ȥȥģǾͿ϶һ壬ֿӦɳĮ磬ɳһ塣
ɳʮ⣬䱾ɳĮϣңһ꣬ͿֱɳѪ֮תֻҪԸ⣬ʱԻΪɳɢģǿңսҲ൱ǿɳĮУǵսƬɳСɳΪ
ռݾԵλɳĮǵĴǡ
ҲȫʺɳĮ壬磬Ы壬һɳĮУ൱µޣΪɳ档Щɳ棬ǱɳĮУڻɳ£ϢܽɡֲɳĮɱ֮һ
ȻɳݲֹЩ
ɳһ򣬺ȻԿһϣȻһɽ˵Ǵɽ߿˵һɽһ޴ĻɽɽϣȻһеɽеɽЩֱӽڻɽڣɽڲɽֻǻɽǲ緢ĻԪ
ܿɽǰһ޴Ľ籮ڱϣȻֳ֡ɽڣ
ϸܿһš
˿̣ڻɽ֮Уڻɽڣһ޴ĹȻƺѹɽɽĿԴԴϵתûɽı
ϸֳ׭һ𹬡
ڹУȻԿһɫ۵ʿڵڣΪߣȻһͷü룬ȫǳɫ·һŻһü䣬Ǹֳһɽӡǣ·гȵӿױȵƻ
һλǻɽŵһʵѾﵽ龳У龳ɳ֮ΪѾǼΪǿǿߡȻǿߡ
ɽƷ״ﵽ۷壬˵Ű벽̨ĴǿߡܷͻƣǷһδ֪Ҳ֪ɽУҲ൱ǿġ
ΪӵеȨ󣬻ɽɳУҲǾأӹգھޣ深ܣŵʮ򡣵Ȼ󲿷ֶͨӡŵӣĺĵӣ洫ӣͺϡ١
˿ڴеģȻǻɽλϲǿߣλȨءʵȺ
λոѾȷϢ׵۳ĲʺѾʹǰƬɳĮңڱԵشֱɳǣڣѾͣдգԴԴϵִ
ݿɿϢɳЫѾȷԴţ޶ãȻԴɳǷ𹥻ڣǸѡ񣬻þ
һü䣬һ˿ӿ˵
һ£ǰǾѾ׵ʵ̣ѾƲɵħսϣɱķɣΪ֮һɽȻգеֻ֧ҪУΪ棬Ѿ֣ǿɲЩ忴Ц
Ȼǲսս֣ɳȴܼ֪ͨȥŵ𣬺ĵӣ洫ӣɽǰɳǣɳ֮£Ϊţһͷųǻɽŵ⡣вսӣͬɻȡ׵㽱ɽȫƾԸ
ԥĴ˵Уڵı¶ɽ񱩵Ըԡ
ڴףţȻ൱עģѪ嫺ŵͼֵ쾡¡׳ɳݣ;ɽţңԥ´
ŵӽɳǣҪͷų⡣
սɱŵǲнʿɵԵĲɱŵơȻΣûбȹ˭
ǻɽš
ɳУţ׷Ӧ
УҲɽһţλܸߣΪǿеӣ󲿷ֶʦɽЯҩֱӱԸһҩ޳׾нʿþнʿʱսȼѪңûк֢ıҩ
ɳݡ
嫺ڣŷ׷׿ʼжЩÿɷѡɽЩֱɳӣ׼ս


1718 ħ
׵۳
Ƴǣ۹ڡ
ж֪еڡһսԴԴϵĳ֡УȺڣսת裬Ҫȥ´ִС
ͯ
ڻ㱨۾ܱսжŵӳ֣ɳǣҪΪҴɳǣСǸҪҪǽɳ֮ڡ
仰һ֮һ
ô£ڴ˵ʲô̫ص飬ͨɽŶŲٵ˽⣬ԴΪң޳һԣΪԽߣû̫ĸܡЩʿ޵ĮȻǱˣȴ޳֮ϡɡ
ȴ֪֮һ֣һˣһɽҪпɽܽ˳ɾңɣˣֻǱһɽѣеɽʲô壬Ⱥǳɵĸûи޸Ƽѡ
ؼ䣬Ǹûиһж
ܶţȻԴ׿ʼţ죬½ʱ󲿷ֶѡͶȥµͷųȥͶսУǶԴͷ⣬ҲΪ忪һ
УױʵҲž޴Ĺϵ
ǴûʵţǸ֧֣Ҳ˵ֱӣ˵Ĺϡ
۾ǴʾãǴ֮ƣѾƲɵЩѡվλ΢֮Щŵĺ⣬ԽҪɳǵķأǾǲ룬Уе̣ǿ֣ŵǿߣȻҲΪҴá޷ǾǴ׵Ͽɶѡ
ǰһ˵
йâ˸ǻת
ЩŵĴ㣬ЩУȻǶۻһĿȻΪ御ģͬҲ˽ġһ嫺ȫƿ֮ڣЩͬڴ׵ͳ֮ڡЩŸúȥδӣǾһҪǵ⡣ڽôףɣҪڴ׵ĿУӵиõӡ
ʱ˵ܶǲĺô
ʾãȻûбҪܾԴ֧֡еĵ̣˭֪жǿʲôϹЩʥأ̺ĵ̾͸ӿ¡
ͬһ׺
ţ׼
׵ͷ˵Ҫɳǣ뼮ףǼǸϢ뼮ǱУײǿȣԸ֪ʿڴ׽ڣκʿע켮ײǿȡע󣬿ɼͽ˵ɱǿߣɻȡѫһӵе챦Թѫؾ伮
׾ڣԭ˵ȻǱ뾡ܵգ¼ȻҪǲ¼ҲûʲôΨһӰǣڴУû켮ǲܵ¼ģǿԹĹȫòˣһеĺģû켮͵ûԼıǳȻǺڻ
ֲ㣬֪
ֶԱȣʿܴ׵Ľ顣
۾˵ĶԣԺ󣬶Ҵ׽֮ڵ壬ȻҪҴе¼ȡ켮ֻǺǴһˡ
ţǲǴ˳ŵģѹǵռ䣬ȻѾճǵռ䣬ȴҪǽܱǴѹͷϣǺܶ岻ܽܵġȻһսңսἫΪҡ
Ϸ־Ҳ˵
ڿʼţռݳ䲻Ȼƣô׵ɳԴԴϵĿʼЩ½ءѵʱ̡
ģ컹ˣЩʲôıֶΣھԵǰ߹ѣ嫺Ҵöˡû˭ֹ
ƽ˵
۹˿š
Ƕ롣
գܿ죬ȥڸǰĵӣɳǿԽɣͬʱҪ¼ܶŵ֪ȻЩ⣬Ҳûоֻܾǵ¼ѣʲôңܹӵе¼ʸʿͬޱȾ޴ġ
һʱɺ䶯

˿̣嫺ڣһϿգܿһ棬ǿģѾμУȻܿһǿ߻ۡۼһڴУÿһɢϢԵüΪصͳ
ģϸȥȻһȫںеĸߴӰ䣬ܿϣֳһɫƬü䣬·𿴲κε
Ще֯ߡҲǿߣУҲνǿ֮һħǿ졣һ죬ǿ󣬶ңʳȺеħ䡪ħ塷Ϊľ磬һս壬ǿഫһ壬ħϺȫ壬Ѫȴûյ䡣
һ塣
ħô˵ƫħԲ̲˵ңʮְԵһ֣Ѫɺӡڴħԣ嶼ǵݡħ廹ֱɱ壬Ѫħ֮ɼײг̶ȡ
嫺Уӵһ֧ħ֧Աǵķ൱ǿ˿ʵǿһǿ֮ǰֻΪѹƣħûչ¶ʵѾ뿪嫺ħͬ뷨׾ǰǰһԵ⡣
λѾʼƣ䶯֮죬ȷʵ󣬾Ȼֱڸ죬½ռһݵ㣬Ҫƾһɳǣһӣô׺ԴԴϵִ򣬽Ϯ
׺ǿܶ򣬶ڴҸ֮УӦöʧԭȵļƻʩУټӡ
һڣͺԥֱ˵
УǶξۻۡƻҪʩУңִС
ã峤ģһʳħ壬ȥƴһΣǰ˵ʵͲţȲһ׵۳壬ǿеѪʳѣξ֪ѪʳʼնѪʳ
һʳħЦ˵
ü䣬׺ݡ
ȥʼǰħ½һսҪ׳ħ½
׷սҪȡ嫺Ǿħ½һսҪӮˣ嫺򣬾Ǹ׵۳кηһսҪʤ
ȥħ½ؽΪ׵۳ج֮ء
ǰ֣ʵǿԼ¡ףСѡ
һǿߺԥ˵
Ȼ׵˾޴ѹĻû˸ֱԴ׵ı棬ֻϣӵһսѹ׵ʵ
һսû·
Ҫ
ãͷս飬׵۵ĽԲܾܾս
Ȼ˵


1719 ս
У㣬ҽұѺкü꣬죬վ죬һתħ壬͸Ըһ£һսҪӮһݴҪˣǾ֤죬޵еġ
еİпĻǿ϶оʮֵϤ
ǵ걻ѹе죬ͬһˡ
Ĺܹ죬ܿ£˵ǹһ츳һͨתھʱ˲ָΪǧݣֱͶ뵽ֻ֮УתȥһתͶ̥ɳǧԼпܣתʯͷΪһֻһֻ
пתκ塣תκʱգпʮ󣬰ǧЩ޷Ԥġ
ֻתͨһֻʩչһΡһʩչͨͻᷢתɡΨҶһͨԱںתԼںһλӵжԷ츳ͨһе̡ȫ
Ȼںϣ໥ģǧ죬˭ЦǾͿǿԽǿںϺ󣬶Լգֻؼ䣬ֻһ졣
ңںϺֱӻǧ򡣿κ壬ӵκѪ츳ƿһУ֮䣬ΨҶǣһˣǧǧ졣ܹһ˲ɱ졣
̫ˡ
漰ʱա
ȥδ
ڵ죬תħԼͬҲҵԶصİ취ںˡħҲԼĻۣʵսﵽʲôزԼо¡
һսҪΪĶԹһ˶ϡҲħ壬죬Ѿκ壬ȻҲӦ
һǿûԥһʱ俪ʼ׼Լеľħ½Σɴŵ飬˭ܴӦյĽΣȴһ˵
Ӯһ˵
һǾԲĵġ
ܿ죬սѾɵĴݳȥֱ׵۳ڵķȥ

ս飬Ȼǵһʱͳڵ۹ǰ
ս飬ˣħ졣
õսʱҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ֡в
˭һȻ֪ܲһܵǰѹУϵն콣䶼ӶΪһд˵ˣ߻Ҫ£Ũ񵽷·үĶӡ֣ζžԵĲ
̫Ե
˼㾿ˣͬһˡһˣΪʲôħ콾ǿߣᣬתԺпһͷ
ȻЩûоãħ죬뵱ģмļͬһˡ
ʲôʣҲǺ
ȴ֪еѾˣҵģһҵϴͻᱻͷųȥͷţľٶ˭޷档
쵱ϵҵʵ򲢲ֻ࣬ǹѺͱͷųȥˡ
ôǾͲˡ
ôս顣ħ½شҶӦѾ֪ĺƬ½ݸֹ½࣬ħΪһΣӦ׼Ҵ׾һսƽĽս齻Ⱥۿ
ͼûҪս׾һսֳʤ
۾Լǣ岢޴֮жнܳ콾ǿߣƾûа취ֵҴױ棬ϣʲô̫顣ĻǴֻҪһٽħ½׹嫺ڣطķʧһսǬǴ׵ǿ
˵
üҲ¶ɱϵɫ
ܹһսͽ󲿷鷳δһ¡
ȻӵеʵȻǿ󵽼㣬ɰסͬ˴˼ĬȻ߲ȥްĬܷӳսԶԶ󵽵ôǿսҪ죬ĬĻᡣ
Ҳ˵
ҪЩ嵱ͷڹ꣬ʱһʱᣬûа취ǳҳȫ𣬿ǾȻҪսȫǸõĻᡣ
ţܺã֪ͨţ嫺ڣɳ֮󣬼ǰħ½
׵ͷһսɱ⣬潻棬뷨ܲͬ⣬ֱӶħ½λãſ³һۣս
¡
һɫġս˲ۣޱս⣬ȻĻƳգ·԰㣬ħ½ڵλƿնȥ
ħ½
һ޴ɽɽϣһɫħֻƣϸȥͷ·һɫħɽ֮ϣ˶ɽ
ɽħ½Уӹɵĵһɽ̺ױȵԪң̺ǿȫһʥأؼǣһ̺ħħ
Ȼħʥأĸ֮ءɽϣһסŴħǿߣɽУ̺һڿħȪܣܿħʿΧħȪ
ˣȻһ޴ħȻħĺصء
УһħأħУȻܿһ̾ڳУħڣǲճѪһɹѪȻСÿһƬֳĽ
ͻȻ䣬̧ۿաȻһƿնħ½ϿգΪһ޴Ľɫսֻ֡ǿһۣܸ̺ܵս⡣
ǿµ¡
ս
ŵһɱ־ս
ϯ˸ܵǧХ
ȻӦս׵ۣħ½Ҫƣ׹Ƶġһս㼫ľϲһ֪׵սѾܡ
ϴǿҵšΪ׼˴
ܿħ½Ѿ׶Աһ͹â֣ĸ徫ԴԴϵĵִħ½Щд󲿷֣ħսսʮ꣬ЩѾ޾пġֻ޾ɱ¾
ͬĻиĵ̡ѹ׵ɱﵡ
磬ʳħľѪĥ̡޾Ѫɵһḥ̂һݽȥֻܱĥɣĥһС
飡
һ߲ʺ߻ħ½Եһ޴ɳ֮棬ͽڴ½Եߵһܿһš
ħ½ٺ٣ΣүүĸͷһΣ죬ȷλã˭ܸǹ
ҧ̤ڳǽϣŸͷһЦ


1720 
׵´ĺܿ죬һʱʹݵ֮С֪սôҪʼһʱ¶˷֮ɫٶֱߵȽɳǰõκһ½ϡһɳ˵Ƚ֮ǰƶԪսʵʩɡ
вʺڣԪսʩչȻǼޱȣѪǵַΧ֮ڣӷֱӡ
ʮ֧ͬʱתǧɳѾȻ죬ס󲿷٣½ϣһӣգ׷׽פɳǡĲ˵׵۳Ѿ嫺ڣԪ֡
ҧٶ졣
Ԫٶȵִħ½
Ϊȵִһ֧ţҧоԵţεȷλãȻġ˭
¾Ѿսⰺʱ׼Ѫϴ񣬺úõսһΪţĹѫ
ˢ
ǽһ̹ȻԿ̻ʲ֪ʲôʱڳǽϣϻһ̿ãֱֻվţһֻǰצıһү̬次
ߣϸȥȻһѩëȮǵģһֻȮʮֵȣҲֻѩ׵ĶһһģʮֿɰһɫȹӣûΥ͸Уľޡ
һֿɰº͵Ϣ
㿴ǱΪµĽɽôô׳ԺǿｨһȪأʱǵйҪסãסáΡ
̻һ̬־ָħ½˵
ֻҪܴƬɽʾȮеӢۣԶĽΰֻɫȮ˷ܵ˵һݾɫ
ģʻΪ¸ĽɽûУЩȮսʿһȫڱʵĸ£ս޵УӢηġңбڵĵطǾȫĵط飬ҪηԱʶĤݡ
̻ٴͷ­ָųҧȽʿ˵
Ȯôˡ
˷ܵĳҧڿ̻ʺһ˶òˡ⼸죬̻ʿŪһ䶯ԵĴ¼ڻص󣬲֪ʲôطҵһֻȫѩ׵Ȯʱͼˣʱ۾ˣһ̹⣬ʹֻɫȮ֪ܵʲôطȥˡ
ٻʱѾǵ졣
һֻɫȮôɵĸ̻ʸǳ۹Ҫ޻صʥˮҪһöεȮڵİɫȮǣԿԡʮ죬ǿڴ׾ڣſǿɽһ⡣
ô֮Уǽһҧгݡ
̻ʣ˭˵֡
Ȼȥʮ꣬ʮУ̻ȻĴ˵ڴֹ֮Сޡ̻ʵĴ˵ҹ˵ꡣڻû˭̻ǰŪġ
Ȼҵ˵Ⱥﻹ۹ġҲһ̸ʡ
Ϊֻ̻ڴ׾Ĵй䣬û뵽ȻͻȻֱ̫ˣ̫˳ԾˡѾʼˣ̻ʳֵĵطôûʲô̫鷢
˭֪ʲôӡ
̻ʣǵ۾ô
ҧ𿪿ѯʵ
Ȼǣ֮䣬ʲôطǱʲȥģȥȥ˭ܲš
̻У΢΢һ𣬲ͼͷ˵ƺΪԼ֤һ
ɳǣԽ֮󣬴δ˹ƹգһˡף̫ſǾֻȡñΪᡣ
ʱͻȻ䣬һεѹ糱ˮϯϢµ㡣Ȼ䣬ɳ⣬֪ʱһ޴Ӱƾճ֡
һƤĹͷˡ֮޴Ȼﵽǧɡ̤ڴϣ·һ֮һ㡣ȴһŹͷУһһڻɫϣƺܿ޾ʹİһңƷ׼ߵ
ഫͷʹߡ̺ѪǿߣѪüķţǰģȻһͷеĶǿߣΪ֮ߣѾﵽ벽̨ĲΣ龳жǿߣǰУǳ䵱̵Ĵڡ
Ϊ꣬ʿ֪ڹͷУһָĴڣҪȻҲܳΪǿߣΪ̣ѹˡ
˿̳֣ʣҪɳ֡
ɳʱպǹͷ˴ִħ½ʱ̣Уһ׺Ը񡣻һּڱ֣ʮְĽһ㣬ոտɳ£͸оһûᰡ
ڰбֹͷʵĴûᡣô״
Բܰ
ԣԥĳˡ
ּ䣬һڵѾɳиȥȻҪɳֱɨ𣬺ɷ档
ʲô
¾ţս󡣡
ҧĿã¶һĨս⡣
ǿߣħսʱѾȹԪ֣֡пжɽطǾ컯еһʽǿβ
Դ˲ɶ֡׽ʿֻҪΪͻƵ񾳣ͿԹѫһŶɽطǱ׿ʵɱ¾̤ǿߡжɽط֣Ҫɽ٣ǲѰ֮£ȻĿ뵽񾳡
񾳻۾нʿս֮ǿս龳ǣսѪ龳еĶǿߣʵǿп⡣
ܸܵϴݵĿѹҧû˿ԥ붼룬һʱ䷢
תս˲ϢѾɡ
ʿһ̣׻۵ҧϡ

ҧ𷢳һȣȻǣͬΪǧɾ޴еĸͷһű
԰һ
ҧһϺУսѾնȥ
Щ꣬ѾΪտĵزһֱӿǿΣ䵽ɳϣڵɳǣѾаսפ͹Ҫݻ٣ǴӰ죬̫޴
飡
սʵʵײһ𣬼һлصɭ£ˣȴͬһ㣬ܱߵն·Ť
ҧս֮һͷȥȻƴಮ٣޷ɳǣǿɳȥ
ʲôȻסˡһս󣬾Ȼô
꿴űҲ¶֮ɫϾһŭ
Գ֣ȻһȺס
ʣǹҪʳ֣Ǵ󲻾
ɫȮվڳǽϣ̻˵
̻ʿǹ꣬ɫ̵ģ۾Ƿŭ֮ɫոջﴵ꣬һͷ顣


1721 Ŀȫ
һ仰̫죬Щֲ
ҪʲôǾӡ
̻ȻǹҲǸҪӵĹʣƽʱˣӲҪ˵һΣǵ³谮İȮǰǱžž졣̻ˣȻ̵ģܸܵڵǹŭǺ޲õһС
޷ܵǣģȻǹͷˣ֪̻ôЩͷҪ찡
Խ룬оԽ
ǹŭû취ͷųȥ
õģȻҴʵʢգʵ棬ݼʵ޿ˡտʳնðʵ
̻ǰɫȮ˵
Уɫ䣬һϣ·һ֣ܽ⳹׽һ
ң̻ʿɲֻ˵˵ѡ
Ͷֻڳǽһ̤ͻΪһ̹⣬𣬳ǹͷϿա
ʲô
꿴һ̹֣Ժʶֳһͷ̹ôое㷢ţУĪ־סѾʶܵĻĴȥ
ҪɫӰʱ̹ٶȻӿţ͸оԼصĲһšһɾ޴ϯֻһȴоԴɵһ
˭Ҳȱ
꼸һŭЩ£ȫûȻǰýŲؼǣȵʹ
ȵľ㣬Ȼðʣ챾֪ʲôʵϲð
ҲȣҲ㡣
̻ʵٶȼ죬ȷ죬ңÿһȥֱǸǴû𣬲޴󣬶ң̺ŸֻţںϵǵػˮĴ֮ң̺ͨŽֽ֮תһŽȥ쵽ǹȫûа취̻ʵӰ
ǰһ̺֮ɽԴû顣
쵰ʲô
꼸Ҫȫû뵽ǰԼȻȳˣ֮ûУֻܱĲϳŹؼǣⲻԱĵط֣רųкַʵ̫ˣ̫˷ָˡ̫Ҫˡ̫ݶˡ
ؼǣ֣ԼҪַʱȴ֣ԼڵĪĿʼҶ·߻ħһʼܵĿƣǰУİˣҲһ̣ĪĿʼʹĴʹС¾ȻͻȻʯͷһॣֱˤ
ֱ̧ۺ׵Ĵһʹˡ
ֱǧšֲεΪİգεȵǿôܻͻȻֱսļޡ֪ļޡȻоԼ·ʲôõĶסѪЩȳ˻ӵС
ʲôûʱȥ̽顣
ͷϻһµӰͷϲȥġ
ңĸоԼϣѾһֹԴԴϵѪУУʹ̣ңѾʼû֪ˡ
ڲִټ䣬֪˶ٽţ󣬹ѾоԼԴȫû֪ˡ
ֱʱŸоͣ
꣬о۾׳ɰӣֻ۾ǽڻζ
ʵĿȫǽЧΡڻܿһǹ𡣡
̻»صǽϣǽһ⣬ʱĵͷԼһֵЧʮ⡣רһȷڲؾпǾʮϲϾƴȫһ๦ڴľŽŷ˵ĸо
ֻǣһֱɹ󣬾ûлõϣ⣬ֱղ֮ء⹶ϳʩչһΡңһͬȭƯƯȭĿȫǽţǾֻȭн޸Ҫֱ졣
˱øƯ
ȷʵǹ壬ȫˣϼһȷʵûʸΪǹˡɫȮ濴һ۹꣬Ȼͷʾǿҵͬ
ײаǲǲ𰡡
ҧͷϵ亹ֹסð
ոտǿọ̻̈̄ʳȥȥʱ䣬Ѿ׽ˣǹ꣬ѾȫĿŹͷѾͷͷҪţԭģ⵽ǹͷأͷءţһֵ˼⡣
Ŀȫǰ
һ벽̨Ĵаô̻һٲŪĿȫǡ
ǰķû֮ͣǰǸ޷ġ
̻ʮ治ǰ׻ģһʵǿʲôΡǿֲ˹
ҧԺһͷ
ڲǣһǲ𡣳ҧҲѽĿȫǽţоһģȻñͲʲôÿˣҲĿȫǵӡ
ǻ棬̫ˡ
Ѿ̻ʣԺǴǡʵֲ̫ˡ
ĿȫҲˣؼǣ̻ʵĿȫǽУ֪̺ʲôط϶ŧˡʵǲҲ̶ãǳҧþɳҲǿҵͬ
ˣʲôҪɱ㡣
ҡΣβŻתһ۳һˮǰԼڵģҪʹȥڲһٲȣԼϲԼˡ
̫ˣʵ̫ݶˡ
ͷˣ˱ʻԹ¹μ
ֺ̻Ŀ򹶻꣬ǳ
ͷˣ쵰ǹͷˡûѪͷ˵ԭȵݸˣʲôʱɹͷˡʵ̫
ͷˣ
̻һм˵ʱˣ˭˵ǹͷˣǸͷˡ
Ǳ飬ޱƶ
ͷˣϵͷ˳ʲôģӣһ൱ªͷˡ
ͷˣҲܱ֤ҿľͷˡ
ǽϣװĿãȻ˵ϻһģ
⻭棬ĹûѪҪԼ֪Լݣ㻹ΪԼͷˡҪָΪʹûС
Ҫ
꿴̻ʵ۾޷ڵɱ⡣
ɱ⣬ֻҪ˶ܸо
붼룬һҪֱӳɳɱ
Ǵ󲻾ùͷաź򡣡
̻ʿףצӾͳŹһָ
ȻԿһաƾճڰС
աͨǺɫġ
ա棬һĺڹͼաǹͷģ
һաͷա
աˣ¹Ŀǡп֮רաͷҲ̻ʵıһֱڼڣǿᵽ㣬һ鱦ա


1722 ӣ
꣡
ͷաۿɼٶȷգۼ䣬ͻΪǧɣ·һʼ̾գſաաĵڣ˸˵ĺ⣬ɭ˿־塣ʱһաڣš
ʽաˡ
̻һݵĴǳ
ͷաշֻڹֻ۾ƺɢһֶ¹ǿ·𿴵棬ѪԴȪ
ǹеʼ棬ȻԺž޴
һϣܵľͻ޷ŹͷաԴա˵һաһ׼
ͷաôСá
ĿǿڵĹͷաѪбܵһ˿ã־ҵϢԴԴϵлصȥԼ⹷ͷաԹž޴Ѫе塣
ͷͬйѪһ㣬ӹɵġ
ԣ붼룬һ٣Ҫߡ
ॣ
һ̣ɫͱˡ²֪Ϊʲôֱһʯͷһ£ֻҲͰˣ˺˫ͻȻͻȻͣһ˲䣬ͱ˫ֱӳŵȥǰԵ
ɲɵģһԵԴúþͷաУա档
ǻ棬·ǹԼԼԴ͵աǰġ
ãô˲꣬ù˲ù
б䣬ѾԼֻù˲ԭȵˣײˣùȡ̻ʣԺոֳһͷֻȮеĶ֮Ȯ
ǰһֱӡڱչصУ֪Ĳ࣬ϡǵãڴУһֻʮĹͨɫңֻҪմȾǾͻù졣ɵĺʹԼģȫһ£֮ǰõϢǣֻ̻ᳪ衣һҪ質ҡʲôʱԶֵġ
ȫԭȵ֪
ǣһжˡ
ԴաʱһѪе壬ûа취ʩչֻͷĵڡһԼĻ
ָоޱǿҵġ
ͷˣʴһ
̻һҵı飬Ȼ
ǹͷˡ
ӶҪˣһ̣̲ס췢һŭ
ҪҲҪԹͷ˵ȥʲôƨͷˡԼͷΪĿȫǽţġҲֻһͷڳߣҪǹͷˣͷˡ
꣡
һͷաѾ££ͷ­Ѿһնϡ䲱ѪҲڵһʱ䣬աɣ棬һѪûе䣬ڵѪѾɡ
൱Ĺ졣
˵ͷˣͷˡͷանͷ­Ǿͱ븴Թȥ
̻ʿЦ˵
ײûӣǾҲҪĵȥͷ˱ͷˣⲻǳѡȫ㲻ʲô
䣬ˡ
ɫȮߴ̾һ
̻ʶʱһȫȮĳݵС
ˣһ𼸺벽̨εĹͷǿ߾Ȼô̻ʸһաԴҧҲɰԵһҪ֪Խֹ⹶Բߡ˵һǿߣȴ̻ǰױɱ̻ʵʵִﵽʲôΡ
һ㣬Ѿ
ֻ΢󣬾ûᣬ̻ǴһǿߣǿҲǴ׵ĵ̡ȻԽǿԽãĶС¡
ʼȻǹеϻߣûź֮⹷ͷһͺܲҪȫշԺʾͿһӦжӵǧӵҡܳгʵϣڹУɵΰ󡣡
ɫȮٴ˵
Լǣ˵̫ˣ⹷ͷһ屾ǹеһӣӦǰź򱾻ʲŶԣôܷ⣬ţȥٻȺū͡
̻һʱĶ
ΪһߣôܹûūͳȺֱǲ̡
ڵĹͷ˾õūĿꡣ
˵꣬ѾΪһ̹⣬Զƿնȥ

̻ʣҪĿշͷˣҲǺ£׾ڣֿǲ֪ж٣ͷڿ󣬾һѶĺ֡Դ׿Ǻô࣬ǰҪѹסǡ
ҧ𿴵̻뿪Ҳǰһ
Ĳ˵̻ߣܸоڣҪͻȻԼһĿȫǽţϳԺҪҪȥˡȫʱᱬըΣմڡ뿪á
˵̻뿪ȴ˵´
嫺ڣȫɳǺһ֧֧Žϵİ߲ʺ⣬ٵħ½ɳСҧһϡ
ң֮ǰֽɳ£һһͬһƷ״ŷλ䡣˴˼䣬໥ӦһζڵһʱӦ֮
ܵĿУһŨɱ֮һַĸо·ʱᱬս
ǸһǴһûͶ֣֮ǰ飬ֻǸѣҲܿ³Ǻεȵңöǿߣڹͷաĵ֮¡εȵıҲͬһ־޴塣
ڲϻ۴Ҳڵǲٲţ̽ħ½еĸ鱨ѶϢԴԴϵĴݹڴлܡ
սĲ˫ʵи鱨ϵĽ棬ǻϵĽ档
¹˫˵һս˭ңڵǲܵĻóĵơʱսϣܹչֳһķɡ
һսʱΪµĴս
˿̣ӣϡ
һɫĴƾճһƬӣСڣâһȻԿһɫ۵һµŮ˳
ǱģȻܿеò
ֻеϣһ˿аϢһĪĹ졣ⲻǱģӰӷаЩıչأһΪѾﵽ˼ĲΣɲ⡣
ϣһʵĺɫ˿ȴڿаһ̣Ȼľʧȥļ䣬ǵòǿģͲаĿңκĸо졣
òκˡ
һֱɢ
磬ʲôط
￪ѯʵ
абһģֻҪ˵ȥû˭Էֱ˭Ƿ˭Ǳǻоһ˿һ̫ɣΪϵϢͬģ겨Ҳͬġ
Ҳûзʲô
֪һЩʲôҲûж˵ֻҪ֪ǰԼĸ磬Ǿȫ㹻ˡ
ӣݣ߻ʳڵ½أഫӣڶ࣬һʻʢʱ򣬾ͻƮʮƯڿˡ
аЦ˵


1723 
˭ɽҰӣҲоһĿ羰ȵģҲָȻľӣڷƮ衣ǻ棬ͬξ֮һۼǷһ㡣
ȷʵƯĵطʺԡ
Ҳͷ˵
¶һ˿Ц⣬طЩ꣬ŮӰ£ԸҲ΢΢ת䡣Ǹһʱ¶ЦݡȻսһ㶼ǿ˵ǿ
ʮսġڤ칦ջֶѪΪһʣѾӷɱ䣬Ϊ壬ڻûɱ䣬ֻα壬Ѫԣÿһ֡·һغ¯ЩѪΪһ壬յľ
һһεɱ䡣
ʵѪѾʼɱ䡣
ͺñе壬ʼıԴѪֻıԴѪǻ粻ѪеѪ
ҪΪȹ̸Աڤ칦ǿ󡣾ܴﵽһ𾪵ľ硣ȻˣڵҲѾﵽ龳磬۳˵͡Ḷ́Ҫһʱˡܹһɶ͵ġ
طǺõطϧģȴһȺŵˣϢ
аһа壬ؼ֮ĸӦȻޱȣ̤ӣʱѾܵƬ̺֪֮Ũεȳ̶ȡǳǰκεطûŨ
ɱ¾ħ֮֯һֱһƬ֮أһƬµħ
Ȼ羰续ڣȴѾõ߻ʳȻƿʣѾ˳ȣħ֮
ӣǴ߻ʳ֮أϢѾħȣʳжһ塣ңԭǶܣһȺˣƷ̫ӡңԹǳݸǿħΪ˱ǿħںΪһ壬Ⲣʲôܵ顣аƽ˵ǹһ̽һ£߻ʳΪλͻȻԭ򣬻оǿҪҪֱӽ߻ʳݻ١Ǵħ½忪սֻʱֲǰս
ιĿģȻҪ߻ʳôһ¡
оȥʺ
Ļлңĺ˭ò塣
˵ôô
ԥ˵
ˣ̫ţιҲɽˮѣߣȥ˼ˡаȻһЦû̫ѹˡ
ܱʤ˽ݵؽڵ£һ³ǡƬ¿ռ䣬˵ʮأ֪ʲôֶס·һƬĿռ䣬һֹģǻʱ䶯λģڵߣȻԴ߻ʳѾ³Ǹҳ״ݻ٣ﻹȵڣĴQ
νƬ¿ռ䣬һ޴ܣ˳ʤ֪ˣ֪ģԲʮָ֮ʼձУܵĶžйĿܡ
ιҪ³ǵ
Ͼ³ģİա
ﲢûжԣֻǾһԡиڵĵطһ㶼ġ
ţҵˣߣǹȥ
аͻȻ¶һ˿ЦݣסȻǰһ̤Ȼľû뵽ӣӰ֮СٴγʱѾһɽСͬһӣ¡
˾̤µӰУϢ·𳹵ʧ濴ǵӰҪ졣ͬؼһ
һ̡
Ϳװͨӣ¨·ɽвҩһ㡣¨УĿԿһҩģֻҩ㲻϶ֻϡƽѡǶ飬ͨʲôȻϻǻٵһЩΪѡ
ʵҲ㲻̫ߡ
ֻǣǿ壬ɽԽ뻹ǲġ
ƺһߣһͨļҳ̡֪У߽ɽȡƺѰҩĿһɽڡɽܣܿǾӲݣо綾Ķ䡣ʮïܡ
˿Ѱҩģȴһ㿿ȻƺʲôһͻȻǿһƬӲݣӲݺȻ¶һڡⶴʮΣǿĻͷֲˡǣⶴв֪ݳһʲôܹ޷̽飬ʶľͻһƬ
˿ɽѸٻָαװҲоϢϵƺһӳʧˡһ㣬Ե쳣졣
˼Ȼķˮ󷨣ûмǴĻӦǷˮеҪôҪôֱɷˮʦóģʺЩҲûջпзˮʦܽһƬ¿ռ䣬ȻǽҾͿġ
аԵͷվڶǰ֮ǰۿ˽ȥĻδҵһڡ֪ǻΪֵ̽̽ļص֮һڿȻһڡ
зˮʦĺۼ
һλˮʦ˵ãһλĻջ
ߣǸȥ
аҲûгɣһ䣬ѾϢĴ˽ȥ
治ۣⶴѨȴǱж졣
ⶴѨڲռ仹治Сſϰٸ˾סԵ̫ӵǣɽֻɽȫûͨµͨʲôضûУеɽڣȫǺȻһġ
˲ûжԴʲô
ͻȻ䣬һɽ˹ȥ
һûײɽڣɽϸֳһȻ˾ôƾʧˡ
˼
аҲûгɣͬǴɽǰȻ߹ȥ֮ƾʧ
ûãһֻ˽ʧĳɽײȥƺ׷ϡһײȴԴķѣ˲顣һɽڣӲޱȡ
ɽڡȻ䣬ǰҰʱ
ϸȥǰһƬԵİĿռ䣬Уһӫ⣬ܣϳŵһֽӫֲܷ⣬Ϊ¿ռṩӦĹ
өڷŹ
Щֲ׺£Ƭ¿ռ䣬Ҳûô¡
ӫ壬өϧû̫Ҫ̫Ļǵ¿ռ䣬һů紺ͬ磬沢û𡣡
а΢΢ҡͷ˵
˵̫ôûڴм
ѯʵ
Ҳûмֻڹż֪˵ѣ˵̫һս֮ռ嫺򣬴ҲҪʼϢͬʱʼ̽硣
аƽ˵
ʵкܶʵڵ챦磬ͯеĸֱ


1724  
磬ͯеĽƻͯУƻͲֹһ֣кü֣ûͬеò󣬿еģЧȴʮ졣벻ͯʲôͯ棬ܱɿܡܶ౦ΥĴڣ˾̾
磬ǺȤֹ֪첻Ԥ磬ʲôĴ档
¶һ˿Цݡ
磬еȤ
˵ҵ֤
ؼõʱҲҵʱ
֤ӡ֤Ĵӡʱ֮Сڹȥδ
˺ܶ࣬òǺܺáʳӣֻÿ͵Ŀģ޹Ӧ￴¿ռУкܶկۼءյܶࡣ
ţɫ¶ʲôֵġ
ףֵ׵ĲȻңʺϵĻֻ˿̫࣬㲻յ󡣡
аҡҡͷ˵
ȻֵĶǰף·һƬƬ֡ǣ˿̫ˣѹ̫޴ֻάֻѡ˵ĺܺãȫǲܵġ
ǡ
￴޴ĵ³ǣ¶һ˿
ֺҲֻǳʤĳ飬ϧûеȴġһδνƣȴȫˣǵǷͬһ㡣
аЦЦĿǡ
һ㣬ֻ³ʤҲ֪ҪȻǵ־Ͳǽǣˡ
߰ɣȥ³ǵΡ
аûֱͣǰ³ǡ
ڳУҲû飬ڽֵţԳаյųаնĸܣȴ֣ЩգȻûжڵʲô̫ĲԳʤ㣬ʮֵĸмָмȫǷĵġһ㶼Ե١
ģǶӣյĸп˵Լ飬һǶԴ߻ʳʹ޵¡ЩħǸûнǵ˿ūͣʱɱڡ£ǲ塣ֱ˶ݡơ
ܶණȫ
ڴ߻ʳУǳΪħһλҲһ϶޷ӵС
ˣԸڵ£ǿ㣬٣ǻһˡ
ţңϵĻţһ㣬˵ޱҪȥҲֵá
˿̣ǣС
ʤȻһ𡣶ǰһ澵ӡȻߵģֻӰңһ磬һۣʮšȻһǻ۵Ĺâ˸һòӡӢǷ
˵ò˰ҲΪ
ȻλǳʤΪصس֡
ǵ³ǻܲٴ˿ڣÿ춼ЩħУҪǲӽֻ£ÿ춼д䡣ⶼͬôţʵ̫ˡ
ʤʹ˵
ǰУȻܿӣеĸֻ棬ܿͬūһʹ̢һĻĻȫǴĿĵġ޷ܵġ
³ǵĿռֻô֧ڵ˿ڣѾ൱ѣʣֻάִ󲿷ְ˿ڣǵ³Ļ˶ңǴģĶɵĺӰ죬ʵ̫ˡԣĲ˿ˡҵݾԻȡʡ
ʿǿɬ˵
̣ܲȥҪſǶ³ǣݱһֿµѡƻһƽ⡣
磬վޡģҲֻܼ֮ھܵľˡ
Ҳ̾Ϣ
ɷӦȡᡣǲȣǾȲˡӣǴ߻ʳĵ̣ǿֱɱ棬߻ʳп
Ҳͷ˵
ҹ˵ĶԡǻҪ취ڴ߻ʳٴ壬գкսҲӦūбĥǶǵһ衣
ʤһȭȻ˵иֳֹâ
Ȼٴοʼ顣
ǺսҲѣЩͨգôħȣȥľٶʼ漶˵ĳġ壬ǿ֪нǿϢ
һųĻͻȻǶ
˭
ʲôˣ
СģǱ롣
⻰䵽ʤǵĶУֻ㣬඼ҪؿֱȻߣңҪǲĻǶɱֻ֣ʱŻᷢ֡Ƕôµһ顣
ƿ֮ڡָоֲܿ
źǳ⣬ʱͿһһףӰȻĴӰиֳа˭
ڳһȦѾ˽⵽³ǵĻ˵Ҫǲ³ֻδάֶ೤ʱ䣬άֵƽ⣬ʵ̫ˣʱпܻ
ǽ㣬ҹ³еķˮӦþ㲼õģȻ˲𡣡
аûпʤһͼˣӹעģ˲ţĴš
罯ʷĴš
ֹʷϣ꿤ˡʱ࣬ʡѵtϳơࡱݵλν൱Ժա
Ϊ㶼س䲻£ŭȰ˵²һػãܵϤ۹ة೤ʷ渧ȥִּжٽڣݴʷǨ󽫾¼£ⰲͤӴ˾񺺾
ܣȻӹɵġƿһѺ֡
¿ռ֮ңҲΪԵʡҪȻƾʤߣôõ
ǼֱЦ
˵á
ҹ۹ˡʱڲκ˼ҡּҡѧҡȺ飬ϰգϲׯѧ˵߳߰˴磬ֹڡΪ͡ľ䡣ؼǣһķˮʦڷˮ֮ʮ־ͨ
֮ǰаͲ²⣬濴Ƿˮ󷨣ڿʱоѾ׿϶ˡһǷˮ
˭ҵ۾Ȼ
ʶĿа漴һʹȻѪᡣ㱻ɵ۾Ϲ
ãһаһۣ۾Ϲңĵϸǿһ޾Ԩһ
ң۾Ϲ
аЦЦĿ˵
õģǲûж⣬ιҲǺ棬Ҫ֪ӣϣ׻жմнѡ˳㷢ʺ
аζ˵

ʤǶһ鴤


1725  ħ
ǿɾվģǵ棬ô˵ĺ
ҪǶа͸Ļֻ£Ϊ仰Ҫ׽˵ֻǣаܵһָоǾҪ֣Լܲң൱Ĳҡ
ԣΪİȫǲҪΪá
ؼǣаȻо޷ǺϤֺǺİָоʮֹ죬ͬࡣ
ǵʲôˡ
ʤʵ
ܴˮҵ¿ռ䣬Բһġζţ¿ռѾٰȫܱҵҲζţͬҵ⵱дڵʵ̫ˡ
ģǶǲûж⡣ιΪ߻ʳȺħ˳㿴Ƭ¿ռѡа˵
Ϊ˴߻ʳǴ׵۳ˡ
һѯʵ
ȻѯʣУѾ߰˷ֵĿ϶
ʱִӣݣң˽߻ʳˣ˴֮⣬뵽Ŀܡ
Ǵ׵۳ˣ̫ˣ׵ǷѾ֪ߵ飬׵Ĵʲôʱή٣գڴ߻ʳЩħ£ǿ಻԰ֵޣ޷Ʒ߻ʳǧաǴ׳ֵܶԸһ֮
ʤһۣ˵
Уȫȷ˷θ
˵ʵڣȷʵҪݻ߻ʳǳʤ뵽ԼȻԴҹã־ֻҪһ룬еɱȫ޷ѹơ
ģҪǳ֣׵ĴҲûн٣񣬴ħ½ţʱᷢսڶԣӣݹģֻѡ
аȻ˵
ǿ϶ܳġȻҪӣݵ⣬δؾҪǰ
ʲôôźá֪ܷ񽫵³еİǨƵȥ˵ʵڵĽѾҪ֧Ųסˡʶȱգ߻ʳͻȻøɭϣʵƿأԶ֮ǰҪӴ߻ʳжȡʣǰ֪ҪѶٱóȻɱȥֻνˡ
㿪
ﱻ罫Щ˿͸ףĲ˵ڴУǿ϶ԻȥңܻúܺãЩ꣬׵۳ĸѾбһִ˵
ǣ֮УͨҲ˶гΪǿߵĻᣬԼԼˣָо޷ġѾͨ˳ɳǣ˳
õģЩҪ˶ãȻΪҴ׵ΪʱӣͬҲǴһ֮ءͬǴ׵ĽҲдɳǣȻܹա
аƽ˵
ӣݶɴ׵³ǵİգȻΪֻҪɳоͿԡɣҲܼ򵥣Щ꣬׶ЩĴѾʮֵһ³̡
ãֻҪܹ߻ʳİգֵԸ˫ַϣȫסʤȻ
Ҳ¶һ˿ڴ
ǲ⣬߻ʳʱ̲Զаζ˵һ澵ӿԿӣеĻ档
Ŀǰ澵ӡ
ǾϸֳģȻӣϵĸֻ棬ңʮֵܴʮֵ졣
һ澵ӽӣ龳ĹЧ⣬ֻҪӣڵĵطܱߵĻĳھУǡãӣУӣӣԣ汦Լӣݵĸֻ档
˵汦ʤʮŵġ
õľȻ˵ȷʵǴӣеõġӣ龳ڣڴ߻ʳƤӵôʱ䣬ûг⡣
ʱ̼߻ʳĶ
е˼ȵȰɣ߻ʳҹô
ǰ죬龳ܿʳеˣɻģ׻ѪȣЩ߻ʳеˣձȽϰЩڰ죬ʲôԾֻǣ׻Ѫūۡʹȥ顣
Уһʳǿȥָ³еİգ㹻ǧ˳һ¡
аӳһֻ棬װȫʳ
ʳڴУͲʲô⣬УͨʳҪ죬ǰ֪˶ٱңÿһֶǷգֻҪаȫĻֳʳʲô¡
УѾʼ𲽷ͨʳǸĳס
ҪҪŨĵطΪֹ⣬ͨʳҪֵġ
У󲿷ְգͨʳһЩףһζܲҲܶһĵãӿٶȡ
ڴУͨʳǿȡġҪǮȻѣҲֻǱ֤ӣԲĵز
ʳ̫ˣȫϵȵʳôʳʡŵ㣬㹻ǵ³ǵİճ¡ӹȥ󣬶ʱɫϲʳʲôܾʳ
ûԥʳʼɷȥ
ڳУʤҲóζνĵдаˡ
ھҹá
ûáѾʼȻҹС
ˣ߻ʳһҹ٣ͻữħλ뿴
ʤ˵
ָӣ龳
龳гֵǴ߻ʳһǳء
ܿǳоס˿ڲҲϰЩˣǺڽֵߡͻȻ䣬ҹɫ٣¹⸡֡Ȼ䣬ǳض仯
磬һСͻȻ䣬üΪĸߴ׳ϣ¶һͷǱ¶һˮĿһǳª㣬ֱǲֱӡ
УͻȻ䳤һβ͡
˫ֱɷצӡ
ͷϳڵĶǡ
ָǧٹ֣ɢħ֮ǳءǳأһӴ췭ظı仯
Ȼħ֮˵Уںħ壬ǣֱںڣһ壬һ塣طȻڶʱڻȡǿսӵǿѪͨѪȾΪħΪѾħȾ
аһ˿ɫ
ǵãһԪһطԽѪ뵽˵ڣ˱ӵѪеһֻ֧֧طΪܽѪлȡͨѪõɱ䡣ģһԪĽɼ壬ңһ
ںѪΪáԴͷܵѪеӰ졣ǰħ֮ȫˡ
ħȫܵħӰ죬ƲסֱͲˡ
ħ֮ҶԣȷʵٺòսԼҪǾ͹ֲˡ
аǱ¶һĨŨŨаЦ


1726 ֮ ֮
˭аа֮棬ȡؼޱаɳɱ䣬ģƿԣһֱһңٳϣͨһ͸¶ŹааݺĹȡ
ֱ
Īа취ԶԸħ֮
ʤж¶֮ɫæѯʵ
ħΪһ壬˵ıܵħϮѪǱɱ¾аԣֻҪеҪƴ߻ʳǷ֮ѡȡôܹȫǡ
аЦЦ˵
ѳ֡Ϊ˴󻼡

лһȻϲ¡
żϷͺá
аվӣ龳ǰͻȻ³һ磡
£ʱͿӣУͻȻ䣬һƽض磬һ˿ɫһɺɫ磬жԴԴϵϯ¡ڷ󣬼˲Ϣ䣬ʹɽһǳضһǣķ磬׶񣬵ȴûбֳκ׶ļ
紵ȻԿһǳУѾħĴ߻ʳգһиֳǿҵ
бͷħϵſˮܵסһ紵еĿڸ֮ױĵ
ԣҪԵģ⣬Ҫ⡣ܶ⣬ȫ⡣Ҫ⡣ʳζöҪԵЩʳ
ͷħͻȻһԺӵеģֻǶڳԵǿҿ붼룬ֱһֻͷħסſ죬һھʹ˺һѪܵ顣ھȥǱѪһѪڡ˿־壬
ԣԣԣ
һ̣ͷħûаͷԺУѪУڵΨһͷǳԳԳԣԵǰһУΪ˳ԣǹͷħһצӴ˺һûаоſ죬̳Ѫ⡣ǻ棬ҪѪȣжѪȣҪֲжֲ
Ѫ⡣
кħһ̬Ũ֮ȻȻıܱħȥڷۺɫУõ
ħ˲ɱĳħ𹥻ɱУȫײޱȣ˼İΣֻ֪ɱ¾
ָħоԴԴϵļֱûаףңҲûǸоʲô쳣ϣͻһʱ䳹ʧأ˭֪Լᷢʲô顣
ң׵Ļҡ
ħѾҵУıūۣʹ
ˣǻҵĻ档ħħ֮ɱڽ֯
ôܣǰħȻҲ޼ɵٻһ˿ǣֻԲħ֣ھȻħԼ֣Ҳ̫ˡ
ǵڳ֣
ʤĿãһ¶֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ӣ龳۲ӣݣ۲߻ʳʮ꣬ûз飬ⲻǳһɳУǳд߻ʳڵĳǳء
аûн͡
磬Ȼͨķ磬ǽ֮硣һҪŴϢУűȻȻҡ
鶼ᱻӲҪ˵Щ߻ʳеħٷŴ£ȫƿءȻľ֮С
ǼӾζζһ⵱еᱻ޷Ŵ
꣡
аûгɣٴ³һ
һ¡ʱͿ֮磬ȻԿУʼꡣ꣬಻ңˮȻֳ߲֮ɫԵ쳣λ졣
һεΣӣϣȻľ뵽ڣѪУ꣬õģڵġԡˮУ߻ʳңֵֿܼħҲױеķߣ׷뵽С
֮꣬ͬͨ꣬ꡣΪϲŭǡ˼֮֡һγɵֱ֮꣬ӿе
ܿħͻȻϲЦƺõԸһħ־壬ڿ־зɱ¾ƺҪɱһУһԼо־
֮磬֮꣬һ𣬴ľ޷ֵϮ
ɱ¾޴ڡ
һǳвӡ
ܿеħɱսûɣֻбܡ
У
ֻ棬ĽˣɫˣʤǾ岻ѣ£̫£Ȼǲ֪аʲôɴ߻ʳеı仯ȴۿԿõġȫĿáȻֻƾһ磬һ꣬ͳ׽߻ʳҡңѾǳ׽ҡ
ڴ߻ʳħС
֯ųʹͬƿһеϻߣڴ˿̣ȴɫ䣬ͷա
һ㹦Уһ̾ᣬɢаĿ⡣
˳ˣǹ˵ںϣ˳£Ϊ˳еգðձøǿ󣬵õӵȻй¡߻ʳħΪȻЩħ棬ڴ߻ʳĹ£ħǿ󣬾Ǵߵǿ˳֮֮¡
˳֮ӵΨҡ
˿̣ܿУɢһǷϵϢƺ۳ʵʵ壬ƺʼɢת䡣ĸı䡣ڶڶ
ãƲȣȡô֮ǰǺúõġôͻȻ䷢ֱʡ
֯ųɫ䣬û߻ʳ˾޴ı仯

ܱ
Ҵ߻ʳнʿͻȻ䡣󲿷ֽʿʼֵңɱȫ֧䣬һƬңʿڻˡңڼдȫңܶӪѾΪ棬Ϊ󡣲Ҳ̶á
ʱ£ǻʳУгǳͻȻңȫ֮У޷룬ǳأѾѪɺӡȫ޷ֹȫΪıħʴǡ˼Ϊأÿһ̶д
ʹгֻҡ
һܱ֯ųǰе鱨߻ʳһ˲䣬Ѿ뵽ǰδеĶ֮С˼
Щȫ˶ʧˣħʴơ
ôΪʲôⲻܡۣ⵽ô¡ħͬط㽻ǵģ˵ǲκ⣬Ϊʲôڵ
֯ųоŭ̲ס
ˣһң߻ʳ뵽ǰδеش֮Сܵʧ޷ġƻԸӵġ
ħ֮ͬû⣬һطһԪһ۷ݶġɴǿݣȻд
ƾճֱ֣˵


1727 ˯ħ
ħͬط϶ġ
Ǵһ֧ݳģңݣħͬķţǱҲ൱ˣﵽ£ɾħ񲢷ħΪһ塣ħ˵ǻۣħͨǡңȷʵΪħΪ
֯ų˵֮ǰҪϸħ֮ͬǸ߹㣬طмֲͬİ汾һħڵǿǿһħѪͬɳҪԼɱ䣬ֻѡħޣɳʲô̶ȣֻܿŬ
һֲ޳ֱӻȡħ޵ܵɷ֮ϮмĿܷǱʴΣաôǣһʼͿԻȡǿңɳٶȼ졣ӵмǿս
ַ˵ԼҪѡڶ֣ãǴ߻ʳˣƾ־ѹסڵħ֮Ϊáϧڿǵ־ԶԶûеôǿҪ˶ֱǲ̫Цˡ
Ц˵
ħͬǾûġ
ģֻԼ˲ǿܵɣҲ
ߣô졣
֯ųЦһ۱ģڴ߻ʳѾңνҪġ
Ϣ߻ʳȫˣȫʴūۡѾûһƽģһʹжһƬҡҪǲ߻ʳʹ˱𡣵ʱҴµĶעɾȫûˣΪӰ룬ǲʹ˸ݰɡ
ľ棬Ҳûа취ƿأΨһܹڴģǺܹڳ޷ֲʧѾʧҲϣô߻ʳ
һңԲżȻ֮ǰʧߣҲֻƿطΧ֮ڡ˴ƻ֮ԻΪͻȻһ磬һꡣǷУУ̺żǿ֮Դ߻ʳмĴ̼շڵԡⲻżȻԤı
۳˵
֮ǰ֮֮ĳ֣ѾԿ϶εıʣԲ⣬Ǳ˿ˣֱ˽߻ʳʩչɱﵡ
ߣԭˣѹ֣ʾ˵Ҵ߻ʳôһȫҡȻڰº֣ñ֪˭ҪȻһҪʹĴۡ
֯ųһƬ䡣
бѾйɣֻڸûа취ҵ˭ںº֡
ǰνڵĶսᡣ
ҪȻ߻ʳˡ
һжˡ
Ψһİ취ʩչһħ䣬Խ߻ʳҵֹۿ˵
ʲôħ䡣
֯ųѯʵ
˯ħ䡣
۶Ȼ˵ֻҪħ䣬˭ԭεʧأ᲻˯֮УûɢĻħͻʼմڡʴ񣬳˯õѡ񡣡
᲻⣬˯ħĿԽΣ
֯ųٴʵغʳɲӡ
Ȼ
ʮֿ϶˵
Ǻãͷų˯ħ䡣һҪ󲿷ʳѾʼȡһҴ߾ˡ֯ų˵
ģⲢѡǵѾˡ
ƽ˵
ֻҪ֯ųӦǾͿֱȥ
£ȻԿӣϿգͻȻ䣬֪ʲôطðһڵħգħ֪жֻܿһ־ͷ·գڵסһС
˯
ͬʱһϵħзħ֪ʲôصԡħһɺڷȻȻĺХӣϯȥںڷУܿصħ˸ϱ任źڷ磬Բ˼ٶȴ߻ʳ
֮ȻԿڱڲɱ¾һƬҵĳǳأһħϵֹͣȻȻľ͵ڵϣ˯ʼûָ
˯ˣô¡
ǿϲŴ߻ʳеĳʤ㣬ЩħһƬƬĵڵϣʼ˯Ҳ¶֮ɫȻû뵽顣
յЩħһ񣬾ͻɱг׳ٲŶԡ
ȴ˳˯˷ѽ⡣
ǳ˯ħ䡣
аգһ˿ʣ¶ǿҵȤ˼Ȼ߻ʳԶԶǱ濴ô򵥣һ·ɳָ߶ȣǽң滹ǿߡѾֻҵĸԴҪԳ˯ħ䣬ħ˯֮СΪ˯Ϳ´ôδЩ̫ˡ
ħж٣ҵū;ж١˯áһֽţ˻ǻţáЩħϵҵۺĺܡ򵥵ȥδЩ̫ˡһ²
аǱߵаЦȴڸǲסĸֳ
ˣ˯ħѾϯ߻ʳлѾ˯õģֻҪ˯һͿȻȻĻָġҪǣҵ֮ǰĻ֡
۶Ȼ˵
Ŀó˯ħѾʼãŵ˵ؼǣҪҵºֵˡ
ҲΣʱпܽ٣һħ䣬ľ棬ʱпٷһΡһ㣬˭ұ֤֡
Ҫô
֯ųѯʵ
ڳǰûһ˿ףܶ߻ʳӰ죬Ѿﵽ˼ĲΡʮֿ¡
ףԾеʧ
ͻȻһ䣬һ֣һڵħħйâתȻֳһǳеĻ档ܿǳڣʬҰ֮ǰĻңɵˣǳġ߻ʳԪˡױشʬϣһħЩħ˯ٴλָģ
ܶϣ̫ܿá
ǣڳ˯ħ£ϵƣûз仯·һʱȵȱǨֹͣһڳ˯һ̡
൱졣
ܿѪ˿δε״̬һֱֲ
һ룬ȴֹ֣һҴߣĴԭʧˡ
Ϣ·ԭȾͲ
Ļ棬ۿɼٶȳ֡
ħĹʧ
ôʧġ
֯ųɫ䣬ŭ
оޱȵı˭ﶼ֪Ūô߻ʳ֧飬УǰδеǿҡţĴ
ûԵɵģץǵģԼӰӡȫԼӰץߣӰ֮УʧһĨɫ¶ء
ӰӣǱӰеֶΣκΰϵҪѲ¡


1728 Ҵ߾ô
ץħģȻԼµӰӣӰУεôûа취赲ҪǽǻѣֻҲٴ뵽֮Уɱ¾ɻ֡
һʱ䣬ǺҲһŭ
߻ʳУǿͶ˴ľԴ챦֪Ͷ˶١
Щ˯ħʧٶʵ̫ˣ쵽޷ֹ
ͬһʱ䷢𹥻ЩħӰУ׶١

֯ųĿãǸεѣ췢һ
ѾоҴħʧ߻ʳѾʼɢļ󡣹ƶɢۿɼٶȱãԵüΪǷϡ
߻ʳˣ
군ˡ
һʳûУôôɳôˡǷǶܡ
˶ħ÷ãΣ𡣡
а˿ûκ³һ
漴ͿӣݿߵλãһɳɳǣȻԴ׵ɳǣɳУѾаսפҲдԱʼתڡеһУȻȻ졣ǽỨǡ
Ž֮ţӭӷˡ
һֱС
֮š
ڸãɵĽ
һɫĴڸд򿪡һƬ䣬ƺһƬԨɲ⣬һȥͻовǾͬҲϣ
֮ŵĿ
ܿһħƾճ֣ˮ㱻˽ȥһǵţͻȻȻʧȻڵħֻɢħ֮ȴ޷ڵġ
Ų죬ĸо
ץôħԣǴ߻ʳ˵߻ʳУȫħɣǴӴץġôô࣬ѵǽ߻ʳ𡣡
мΪ𺳡
ҪһҲˣǰģʵ̫ˣĴ߻ʳͽΡ
ʲôǵԪħܹɹѺķһ֮ˣǻţֻҪ棬һ֮룬ͳͳҪεϡ
⼸ʮԪħΣѾɱ䵽һֲ˼ĲΡ
ң֮࣬ʵʤĿռСѾһСǧ硣֪ӵеҵж٣ңÿҿɹѺķ˿ɲһһʮ¡аȫңлңбҡ
̷ҡ
Ϊά׵۳ϵһصأȻܲᡣħսϣǻȡ챦УӰ׹ڤѻлȡ걦ܶ걦ϡŹֵġȫͷԣпֻûҵ;ѣܶණͨ̾ߡ
һͭţ걦ͭţпյġ̳Դ飬ڶûκ;뵽УֱӻΪͭţ̷һͭţ̳ԣͭţ£ͻȼ棬ͭţտͭţᱻպ죬ķΧңţʹధȴͬţ
̷ν൱̡
ֻһ֡
д̣˫ͷ̣̣ʮּ̣̣Ǧο̣ӿ̣ײ̣Ĵָп̣̣ͷ̡̣̣̣֫Ѷ̣ʯѥز֣̣̣̣ʬ鳦Ƥľ¿նٵȵȡָ̾߱뵽С
γ̷ҡ
һҪԽ̷Уͻܵĳ̷пܵ䣬пҵĻȻ̷ҲΪµһҡҪ̷ʹĥ
ʱп档
к̷ܶȵʮֿҪѷɫӿ¡
Щи壬ֿޡ磬ƣȵȡʲôпܡ
ֻҪ뿪ȫңһжпܣʱ
񣬺Ĵ߻ʳͽΣʣЩ϶ŨŨҵأֻҪͽȥͺʣգϴҵҪȻҪԶ
Уʲô뿪ȫңԸ䵱ͽÿջҵ٣ֻҪϻҵͻҵϮҵȻеҵ𣬲ȴޱȵʹ࣬оڷ·ѪⶼȼգָоԲܣеĻ
˭Ѳ
ҵѾ׻⡣

һ߻ʳӽΣÿʮһȫУһͽȥʱͿɫĻ濪ʼϸ֣˯еЩˣ׷ҵѣĲҽС
Ĵȴ޷ҵκˡֻܱܡ
ôʲôط
ǱнΣǴ׵۳ΣǾȻץˡ⵽ô¡
ҵ𣬺ÿµҵҸоѪҺȼգʹ࣬ǳʹࡣ
һĲҽҲȻĽյδݵѶϢѶϢܼ򵥣ֱ˵ʲôطβܳȥѣһ㣬Ƕ뿪ң򣬺Ը
Σ׵Ρ
ֻ֪һ㣬д߻ʳ˸е־壬ŭôû뵽֮ǰڴ߻ʳУѹͱͽнֱ͸һ
Ȼǲľôнġ
ηݣǶǺ󻰡
ֻܿ϶ǣ߻ʳڣҴȫŲƵУһӣͽÿʱÿ̶кҵΪɱĵ̡
ħΪͽ߻ʳѾˡ
аЩŵħżʧǱߵаЦԽӵŨ
ʮá
һʳбǺε˳顣

һ̣ȻԿһ޴ԽգԲ˼ٶƿնǧɣһȻһ֣߻ʳϿաצǰһ̽
𣡣
߻ʳ˺Ѿס֮Ѿ¡涼ӲסһھͱҧԴһ壬Ծ˵ٶȱצɡ
ף㲻졣
Ҵ߻ʳȻôˡ
֯ųĿãֻ۾Ҫֱӵɵĵ
ĿǧɵɱԼĻʳﻹ᲻֪֮ǰһУ׵۳ѲϵֻҪ뵽һ㣬Ͼͻʹ
֮ǰǺ׳Ҫ棬ƴҪΪһӣ赲ǰĲڣ׵ľӶûн٣֪ʩչʲôıֶΣԼټĴ߻ʳȻôˡ
ˡ
ָо֪
ûκҪܡ
ۣ
һѪֱ˳ȥ˳֮𣬻ʳȻȻܵɣɫԵһƬ԰ף񶼱롣


1729 ս
ֻ۾Ƿŭš
ټĴ߻ʳȻôˣҪ֮ǰǴҲԲŵġƫƫܵ飬ȻͷˣĻ˵Ŀ졣ֱǳ
ǿĻʳȻ˵Ĵ
ͬʵ̫ˡ
ȻƾǣԶԶǴ׵۳Ķ֡
ĿãһĨ䡣ҲǰԽǽһֻ˺õԴôźϣӵĻᶼûУͱһ߳֡ϧЩͶʣȫˮƯΪˡڣһЩǴڵģ߻ʳָϣھܿԼˡ
Ȼ֯ųѾʲô̫
ķһ
˲ķ֣Դףһ˭ûпѾ˻ʳҲԴӿ̵ֳļ顣̫ǿˡԶǿҪԸףҪǿ
ʻû䣬һа᪳ǣħһһֻߴˣûҴеĸɱﵻڣҲҪô׸ʹĴۡˣͷ֮ޡ
֯ų˵źۡ
ɲʹĻ
Լһ¡
ÿɷ
֯ųԸƴһսȻûģߵһǾͿԼǲܼ֧ȥͶʣѾˮƯ
ܺãӣݵĴ󲿷вѾ޳ֻҪȴС󣬴ɳǽὥӣ³еЩգνǨƣջǨƣÿɳʱµʮ򻧡ɵ³еİգǴ´ࡣǿؼΪ˱ⷢûȵһȡ
аЦ˵
ܿǣѾﵽǧɵľ˳ȡ⵽һʳˣ̵Ǵ󲹡ֻʳ۳ȣҪһ޴ת˵زѾǼΪˡ
Ǵա
ܺã߻ʳп϶ĻءʳˣֻҪͰ༴ԡף۹֮Уб۹аΪȻ׾֪

˵ӣһ߻ʳʹ˱𣬿˵Ϊ׳ȥһȻӣвûһעҵսڲϿ
ȴ˵ħ½У֮գѾԽԽء
һַѹ֡·ǱǰϢָоͨգܸоǴսʼǰס
֮Уʮ֧Ѿȫִ
ͬ˴Ҳڵһʱ䣬˷ħ½ħͳ£Ѹٵľۼһ
˿̣ħС
峤ϼǿ߷׷׾ۼһ
ĶϷռλİԲԼĵλܵơҪռݾԵλУģѾ˸ǿߡÿһǾԵǿߣΪս͵ģ񾳲εս
λսʼˡ
컷ӴȻ˵
ȾսѾʼûκתءսԭʼķ
峤ǸѾϵִ롣ݳͳƣǸһ𣬼ԴﵽʮڣңȫǾ񣬸鱨֪һʮ֧սţÿ֧һһҲǧڴϣʤס
ħ峤˵
ڴһ㣬оԵţҪڴ֮ϣ׵۳Ͼһ˳ѣˣϵٸȺ䣬ģεȾ޴󣬾Գ
ʮڣԲóȫ
Ȼģǳսƾе£ս
Դˣǿ߶мǿš
ֻҪҪǻóĴȫǿս֮
λɱǣ׵۳ľſɲͨľţǴҹսԡѪɱʬɽѪ̤ģ鱨׾ŵĽʿзླεսĽսսޱȷḻУûжپſ֮ȡսжǿ޷㶨ġȫԷӳսһϣǲֹۡ
Ы峤Ц˵
ҪĳҲҪԷĳ֪֪ˣܰսʤ
Ȼãô׶ԸġҪȻҲôȺͬ֡ӴףΪռ׵󹦳
ͬƣǵƾڣӵиĶǿߡǿߣԵǿߣսУһһ㣬ǴеġδһսҪϸ֡
Ѫ峤ŵ˵
󣬴һң۷׷סֽ飬ֿܶ˳
뿴һħ½ĵͼڣ׵۳ɳλڴ½棬ֻɳǣפšĿ̽Ӷ޷Ƿ𹥻Դɳѹԣ̫ڼѡ뽫ɳǣҪս򡣡
һּ䣬óһ޴ĵͼħ½ȫȥֵͼ
һƬɽȣɽȵͬ«ܣͱڣֻһϿȡңɽ̺ĵƷˮգκ飬ɽϿշСɽУκͨûа취ʩչʩչǧ򱶣ԷĻ棬ҲһС硣һɽȣֻƾԭʼķɱսǣ޷Ǹȣ޷ħȡֻҪܽ׵ľɽȡս־ͽƿء
һŵ˵
һõսɽڲռɱεƣ˵Ǿ档ɱƾľǣר幦ҪȻǣĲࡣ
ֻҪܽɽȣǾͿԿ϶Ѿʤ֡
ɽȵΣֻ´ײϵһɽȣȻôܹԹԽ롣ɽоһս岢ãطǺõطǣԷȥǾǰ״ʲôȻ
ģȻǾȻа취ô׵ľӣԹԵ߽ȥ
һƶ˵
ã峤а취ô׽սɽУҲûκʱƴѪսһǡ
ԣõĵΣӵоԵƣǱʤɡ
ǿҲ¶Ц⡣
ռʱ˺ͣҪӮѡ
һսΪģٴ⣬Ȼĺܡ
սһû̫󵢸Ļᣬ󣬸峹׶Ͼÿһÿһ붼Ǳġ֮䣬ǰĶԹͬЭҪԸס
ԡ
Եıԡ
ףʳѰ


1730 ɷħ
ħ½ϣɳǺûмäĿšǾȺһɳǣħУܿڼһȺʿʿ׷׾ۼڡͬսǰĶԱ벼֡
λϢ˴Ѿִħ½Ӽһսֻ²ɡУͬеƣɱﵡҪģƶս̶һսҪȥ򡣡
һεᡣ
ʣսһôȥսҪʲôطЩȫҪϸ֮󣬲ȷ
ǰģһž޴ĵͼ
ͼֵ̽ķѴŻƳģ滹עŸ֮أܿ
ǿħ½ϣмյأ̺ΣգòɽȣΪ«ɽȣʮ⣬ĳȻķˮƣһȥͻգֻƾɱķҲѷӳЧռ޴ȫпܱѡΪս֮һ
һƬĲԭشɱֻҲΪսıѡ֮һֻǣƬԭȽϹ죬ѪԭŵһΪѪݵ̲ݣڱ濴ûȥ£̤ȥκ˿ڣ̼Щħݷ˾УɵһѪ⡣ΪϡսҪǺ¡
򿪵ͼһ˵һָЩĵΡ
λǵƲ⣬ĿܣһɱȻųʩչıƣº֮ġΪ«ɽҪѡս
ڼҲǰͼǰ˵Ƭɽεԭ򣬿Խսĳ̶ֳϣǴ൱ģУǣҪࡣпܣǾҪսں«ɽȡֿԣߴ߳ɡ
߸ݣģ˵յóĽۡѡ£϶Ȱ취ռݸƣȡʱ˺͡«ɽȶʵ̫ˣܻ׷
ţȷʵһϺõսҪΪǴһȥͻͬ׸ĻδˡʱԸǴһ޴ľϲ
Ц˵
ǣȫԽһѡ
«ĵ̫ˡҪõĺãȫŤתս֣һپͶǬսֵʤ
«ɽȵĵΣʺһսǣΣҪɽȣֻܴһ·룬ܶͱڣ޷շе£ˤȥͻǡĵΣҪˮȫԽɽȳû
ڼָź«ɽȵλã˸˿˿Ŀ⡣
νˮ飬Ϊؼ䣬ƻǿвһѣζž޴鷳«ɽĵΣʩչˮӶûеطӣ̼䣬ữΪһƬ
ûˮеֶΡ޷ͨ£ǿǣҲᱻӲҪ˵ǺˮҲԲͨˮ
ĳɹ͵ģһ
־ٶʯĳϾΣ̫ˣҪָܵǣɱ¾ҵǺġڣ˳ˣϴˢҵáٶɱ¾ֻҪ˳һжС¡
ڼ治ɫ˵ˮ֮սҲܿĳĴºȷʵûȡ
ΪΡ
ԱںеĽ࣬ѯʵ
¹طˮƵĵΣȻҪרҵʿȻҲһͨŶݼ֮Ÿ֣ˮ֮ȻҲԣֻǣǺܾͨѡ
ɽȣγɷˮƣƣĻɷħƣڷˮУƶƣγֳ«״Ӻ«ɷ֮һħħҲͰˣһȻǸħʲôûгǰǺ֪ģп飬ҲпһħƣͨĺˮֻҪ«λãͻᱻε֮סûɽȡ
йâ˸ķˮ裬Ŵײţɽͼһδɱ䣬ȻˮǴߡﵽһָӾ˵ĵزǰƣȻܿĳ
ǣɽȵơ
ٴ˵һ仰
ܷơ
ڼѯʵ
컯ȻѸ䣬ҪмһЩķˮƣ֮ںһǲǲܡ磬«ˮơڲӰ챾Ƶ£ˮԽɽ֮С
΢˵
ƣϣǷˮʦҲȥΪһˣ͵ڸתдҵġ㲻þͻ췣ͷ
«ɽȵƣҲҶ׼Ҳˡӵ㶫ܹġûЧҪڳԺ֪
ãһоͰѽ
׵ͷֻҪƵĲ֡Ϳ԰ͰĿʼ׼
ûж˵ͷתȥ
ʱȻκһ㶼˷ѣں«ɽɲ֣ңҪڲ˵ɣ٣ȻԽԽá
ȫȥ׼սʣ봢㣬һսһӲ̡ھͿЩ嵽ʲôֶΣǽ«ɽȡ
ڼЦ˵
«ɽȲʲôõطҪǽȥֶͨοǲС
ʱȻš
գۼ䣬ʱѾȥ
ħ½ϵķΧѾѹֵ㣬ֻҪһǣܳ׵ȼ
¡¡
峿ͻȻ䣬ħ½Ͽմһ죬·һµţһƬƬѪǵأѪУƺ޾ħ𣬹񺿡
ô£
콵Ѫ꣬ɲʲôͷѪоȻħôоЩ̫Ծ
ڵһʱ䣬פɳеĸͬʱѪꡣһ۾ܿѪԲǺöϣ˲ͬյĸо
¡¡
ţͿغһѪɫ𣬹У޾ɷޱɷ֮ԴԴϵӿСܿǹڣƺܿһ϶صĥתصķԴԴϵĥϣÿתһȦ·ܿĥ𲻶
ħħϸùСдħǺεȴУͳͳ߹
һſĻӹԴٲȻ
ãں«ɽħ콵Ѫ꣬ħԷͬСɣħȻѪѪ顣Ժ«ɽȡ
Ŀã̲סɫ䣬һ۾ͿħԲһħ
һħһ϶Ѫɺӡħ½ħ»һױݻ١ֻ¾ıװ׸ǣҪֹħǾǰɽȡ
ڼ׵ͷ˵


1731 
ħûгǰѾܸܵµУһԻأȻ󣬳˸ܵ󣬲־壬翴ʬɽѪ
ħһУʣɵв൱¡
ţں«ɽԴǲȥħȻֿɵãȡħԱһ֮أвǳǰġǰǾҪɽƵѹƣɱͨʲôģͳͳڣģʵս
ħõ򣬻޴鷳ħɷħ;ƿƵƣһԱħ½УħʮʮԣħԲõһõսԹľء
࿪˵
ɫʮءΪǷˮʦŸıһɱɣжô£Ƕ컯ɡһħ
ԣΣֹ鷢
Ȼı֪ǵĿģҪ̤ȥ治򵥡ԵİջǼǿġڼ˵ü䣬¶һ˿ء
ҪսǱսһΪǴ׵ĽʿûзͨͻϺôֱЦΣɱǴ׵ķɡ
Ȼ˵
ţӦϸս壬ĴͲֻǣǻ빤ߣʤĹؼЩ칤ĸսɲ˷ѣȫϡ
ڼҲЦ˵
Ҫսս״ˡҪΪ׽ʿûзͲսǾˡǴش

«ɽȡ
ҶҪɱ壬࿳ħӡ˵սϻս£ǱǿģǣҪ
ŷ׷׿ʼź«ɽжȥֻһΣөţű棬Դã֧ţŮңԸҽͨΪһɽȣûа취ʩչͨĻս˶룬棬Ӧ䡣
ңһսΪͨ޷ʩչսͱΪҪ
칤Ƴսˡ
磬ؾսѾ칤Ĺ죬ڴ׵սϸңԵĶԳķرļӹ̼Ӻ񣬸ַ̽ȥ̵޷ݻ١ԳĽףףǿߵĹװŴ͵ıЯʽǷŴһȫǷԱߣʽĽװս࣬һ̣ϸȥֻ¸ìҲࡣһײȥʣǰĵˣͻᱻһѪͬʱսϿ֣ǹ֡
һսϣֲĴɱ
ңսǻͬһŵĻޣ޻꣬־һ𣬾ڽ֮أһ硣
ܿ«ɽǰ
ˢ
Уһ߲ʺžͿһ޴սգԾɢŨŨѹ糱ˮ㣬ɢݳȥ
μ۾۾򸣽𰲡
Ŀսʱʿ׷׹ݼ
ܿĳнʿУܵıø˷ܣϾսۣһ۾ԽսʿĹ裬ǰδеġ
ǰֻǿһλѣȻǲѻδ֪սһǲУᡣ
ƽ˵
ͻȻ٣ȻǶʮֵĺ棬Уħ½ħϢЩԣҲ͹ѹ󣬾ˣ֡
ȻĴڣֻҪǺʣнʿһεļΣţǿս޲ʤ޲ˡһδʬɽѪɱΡ
ؼ䣬˿ȡ
е۾ٴѹҴ׽ʿؽս޲ʤ
Ц˵
û˿ȡھеӰҲȥӰ졣ǿ֮

ٴεͷһ֣
һսʤܡ
«ɽȲò˵ȷʵǵվֻһϿͨϿȵķΧɲСǧ˲ǰߣӵңƽǷط꣬Ҳκխ
ɽУȻһû׼ʲô֮ģգǵӰͬ޴ϿȣҲ𲻵̫áɽڲڿƣ浶ǹɱһ
Ȼеľ貢ûзɡ
ǰǧ
ڽϿȺ͸оһεܣзڣʩչ˭ȫˣڲǿתģȴò棬Ҳ˵ͨʧΪޡյĻҲУֻĵ
㵯ٸߣһҪ׹䡣ʼնǷɲġ
˼ζҵĵϧǲ֪ҹսУ⻹ҪѵľҲҪ£ⲻǳѡ
վɽǰûֱӽ롣
ǵͨ쳹صĹŹħ
ħȷʵ컯ħȻɱ¾Ѫ롣Σħɷ֮һħɷ顣ħ½ᱻݻ٣㲻ҪΪ֮ءʺסҪҪķѾ޴ľԴ۾òҪħ
ս⣬ѵҪıݻ٣һսĿδЩ
ĿģǲܶǼħҪѹȥѹħ½ķˮ
ûоķ
ѯʵ
ֻҪɽͼħ½ɲ֣Ϸˮѹɷħ󡣲ǰǣҪܹǰЩҪܹýɽͼ׸½
ҡҡͷ˵
ɫһ˿
ԣ˵һǧһ򣬻Ҫһ˵
ԼٶȴϿȡǰҰ֮һƬǰġһƬ޴Ŀռ䡣һȥƺ߼ʡ֪ɽڲռ䵽ж
ǧƬɽȣҲռһСֶѡûľҰ㡣õս
Ȼսϡ
ڶ棬ȻԿһ޴Ĺħʱ׼һٲȻԿɫ䣬ĿĿ׵ĸţе׹⣬ܸܵѾҪͲס޲𹥻
ŨŨɷգΪɷƣɢǱɻΪϡ
ܺãǧӦþǴ׵ľǳ׵ۻ۰ɡ
һϣһЦ


1732 ̱
ܹĳǰĴ׽ʿһŨĻɷɷֻսģʣǰսħսľΣֻҪܽԴ׾ǰδеشһ㣬൱Ҫһµġ
٣ϣǿռžԵơϵƣǼʮ֮ࡣ
ϵƣǿ֮
ͺñħ壬һ֮ǿ޷󼰵ġ
죬ѡΪսѡʱҪսΪƷѪħħܹӾ޴ΪǴ׽ʿһյļƷô
΢΢ü죬ҡҡȣȻ˵
˭ǿ˭֪
Ȼᱻҡǡ
ɱ
һ˳ɽϿջص
ɱ
尡ȺȫɱҪô֪ǸҲǺǵġѹȵġҪǣǾ˴׵۳
ɱͱǿǸӾˡ嵱ҲеѪʳѣǰǣǡɱɱǣǡ
һ췢ź˸׹⡣ۼΨһĿģҪ׾ӣ״ƴʩͷѹѹǳǳ׵ķ
ԶĻ£Ǻޱļڵʿ
ûκγɣһ£Ѿʼ档
ǰģȻ壬ۼŸߴǣž޴޳ǵͬʱǴ޴ǹѪǼڳʱѾǹٴ
ಣ
һѪǼƿʱ·Ǻʮֿ£ƻǿѪǣ
ܣܣܣ
췢źϣüףлһͬװľ޶ܣƣȻӲޱȣΪսܡϣӵļ̣һײ׾ִ̳ܽһѪһһսǹߵ
䣡
žؼ׾ţÿһǽ˶ߴɢ뺷Ϣÿǰ̤һ涼ɢһ𶯡ŶǰһڶŽƲڵһ棬һһ𣬻ΪһɫĶǽǽǱֱϵģһΡ

ѪǼֱܼ꣬ӱǽӲסսڶǽʱܿһϷƺܶһУϣ̺ĳֹļʸǿб
ܵԷɡ
׼䣡
УųҲһʱ俪ʼ
һУ׼ǰ۶£籩㣬֮ǰѪǼڵȣȫС׼סûκοɱԡ
һ˲͸ǴƬս
ۣ
ʵ̫ˣൽҪȥ׼ֻҪȥлĿꡣֻܳģȻ徫һǾˣӦͬˡϻбǰɨ䡣Ȼܱܿȫȴɨ󲿷֣
ǰ𹥻
Ҫ£棬棬ɱȥ׵۳ľѣֻҪסǰһԷսУЩɷҲ뷢ӳսʱսס
ڴ׵սȻоȷʵµһ㣬һ룬ƾϬֱӺ󲿷ֵоսϵв֪سʱƳǽҪʼսܼϴ񡣵սϣֻҪٽӽ˫һǾһжúˡ
ˣֻЩøӵ׺ݿ񱩡ٶȼѾҪսУϰڳ;Сд徫񣬲ڵ·ϵģԲֹǧսĲпᣬѪܣսһʼ
׵۳ļ󣬾һҪȥĺ蹵
һ㣬Ѿ׼˿ûΪǰĲа·ʬǶѻɣǾԲ˷ͬ鸶ıһ۾档
ս
ȣȻ
¡¡
ʱһͨڣɢϢʮɣʮɵȻֱӳսһ̣Ѿı¶ԲôǵġսϣǾΪ˳ΪսɱҪݺսҵġ
ս
սͨ嶼ܷ״̬ȴԹ档
Ԧս峣߾š
߾ſûаսȥ滮һʿʻսĽʿֱӼ߾ѻǹ˳սԤĿն淢𹥻
飡飡飡
һĿ۶һʵ߾ѻѾǣƿնȥ
ܿһڳܵĸоһ־вҪʱȴ֣ԼȻܲǾѻٶȣʵ̫ˣ쵽Ӧͱͷ­ӵƿգսʿŽľ
Щģ˵ءսУǾ͵ڶУͬļ̤֮СѻǹĴ͸ǷǹУǿġ߾ѻǹеٮٮߡС࣬ң͸ǿ߾ѻ׵
ʲô
壬ôؾһЩؾսơܿ¡Ƿǹǿƻк󣬾Ȼը˴һѪֱǿֲ
սǵĵؾսءǴӵؾǱ߹򵽵ĵؾս
ǵս׵սȣǿ˹ޡɶʵ̫ɶˡ
ĿһսսϷ׷¶֮ɫָޣսսϣֲĴɱɵƻԹġ
ξŭ̱Բ˼ٶȷˡ
飡

µĺУܿսʿʵʵĸѾսײһǿһ̣޷սȻǿ˲ͱսϵļ̶ɸӣҼǰײӲƬΪѪࡣ
ɱɱɱ
ˣ
ظսģôѪģսȻ޷ӳ֣ȴʿѪԡ
ļ뺹ˮ˿衣
߸衣
սսս
ΪģΪĹѪ;
ҰףԹŲ衣
ͷɶϣѪһսݣ
ոֵʮţĲݡ
ǧʿͬ߸衣Ĳǰ档
ÿһ̤ڵϣƵǾҵսģ׳ĺŽǡ


1733 岻
սУֻǰ¾Ѿ̱ӡ
ǣɱ
ҧսһͷһҪ͵ϮѪ룬ȫԡѪУһս
ɱɱɱ
¾ŸҧһСһ࣬ž޴˫а師ۼ䣬ͷѾӭսʿնȥ
壬ҲҸʳħүүǣսүүȥ
һߴʳħ췢Цһ׳һ¾սʿȥһʣҪֱҸԴϡáһ֮£ʯҸ顣

Ȼе鷢ˡ
ֻ¾Žʿ¶һĨЦۼ䣬һͷնϣΪǸͷ̺ȣ׾ͻᱻԼҵֵɳȥ
Ȼû뵽鷢ˣǰ師ûбȥоӰ師дһɾ˵ľ޴ȻӲڱͬʱԼһоʧȥģб
ôܣգǣô˾޴ⲻܣԲܵġʳħǲšոյֻбõѪΪ֪žţȫ޷ܵĵز
ӰУһֻ־ͿԵôܻڵӣһеͨʿѡôô˵
ϧ彫ʿɲشԷŴʱеĸͷѾ˳һббնȥ
꣡
ۣ
ֻһѪţ˺ʳħѾӼλã϶նˡѪ࣬ϱɳȥǰ˫۾Уһ޷ŵĿ⡣
ܡ
ǲôǿ󡣡
Щ׾йŹ֡Ϊʲôǵôǿ󡣲ѷɫҪǿ󡣡
̱ӵ˲䣬Ƕ޾𺳡ȫûа취ԭӦǴ׸һĴ׾ӣȻԲѷɫҪǿǿҵķĳúܶ嶼Ϊ֮ǲܡ
ҪҴ׽ʿǲǿ˵д뷨ģؽȡ֪ɸҽǾζţκһ棬Ǵ׶ǣҲԲѷɫֻǸǿнǿϢǿڼЦ
׿ɲͨ˳
нۣγɵ䣬ÿ춼нڣдÿδǵõǿʣɱ䣬κ幦ѷɫǾи幦á
Ϊˣ֮Уͨǿ󣬾нʿȨޣù鵤ҩսԡѪɱħжһֱҩټϲʹµȵȣͷǷͬޡҪҵ̰֮Ǿ졣
ң⼸ʮ׾нʿΪѾתʿΪ缸޼սϣΪΪҪǿÿһʿ幦ʵս䣬콫սУ巨šⱾȫĶ⹦
ԣҪ۸׾нʿһʧȥͻ޷ȣȻˣǴش潻УѾչֳ
ײ˲䣬дսʿڴ׽ʿС
Щ棬塣
ǿĺǿ
Ǵ׵۳ҹսݺᣬɱɱѪսʮôȻǿֵزôġ
תȫѾﵽת±Ϊʵԭÿһתļ޲̫ߣתҲﵽһ֮ȫһȺƤħ𡣡
ǿ̲סʧ
ʿͬʿҪǿԽ׶ս
ת£ԪʿҲսһսܲʤһ⣬ɹлûġ
Ȼ˼װףǵñ˴û˸оʧֻֻƾЩʱǿԸıսֵġв࣬ȴǺܴǾͿ
ͬĿһУȴûа㶯ҡ
Ȼ𾪣ȴ
Ȼ֮ǰÿԲ󣬿ɲ̫⡣׵۳ԳֻۡҪԼ㹻ǿĵȥӦԾС
ɱɱɱ
׽ʿɲ𾪣еɱ¾һʼ󣬾ûκͣϢһδλ裬һδνնڵءȷʵǳصġϵƣȷʵгڳˡԴԴϵϯнʿڹ£شǵ䡣
䣬ûκνʿ¶־壬Ҫ
սҪսǡ
ɱҪɱѪԡ
ҲҪսսԼķɡ
ΪսΪ׶ս޺
ǣɱ
Ůھţͬ˿ѷɫԶԾ׼ļһɱ塣Ůţսһ䵶սϷ衣·𴩻磬ѤѪɫ滨
ЩŮ˿ѷɫ˭˵ŮӲе顣
ȻӴ󣬶ңһ𣬸˾޴ѹЩѹԴཫʿ˵ȫڣҹսɱˣЩȻǲܵġ
ңʿȻ໥ϡս󣬵ս໥ϡִ䡣˴˼ĬҲûа취ġ
ϣսʮ壬п⡣ټֲ֧֣սֱײսϿνɱѪɺӣѽѷ֡
ÿһ̶嵹£Ҳд׽ʿ䡣
ҵɱУڸǲס߿սսڲϷϸǡ
ɷѪ⣬ɽȡ
ԴԴϵıǵɽȥ
ħγɳĹڼӿ졣ĵٶԽԽ졣
źš
˫ѾȫһսԵͷ£˫Ѿ
ǣ
Ӧ
ˢ
һѪɫ̳
ɽ⣬ĿôɽдѪɫ̣йâһ˵źˡ
ͬʱûκγɣйâһһɽѾУɽϣƺܿķ˸֯ɽˮͼ
ˮת«ˮ𣡡
ཫɽ޳ɽǺ«λһ޳ȥ
ž
ֻһ·ں«λãܵı仯򶼳ָı䣬εķڱýʮֵ졣ûķ磬ʼһڵ֮
۾
й
ãȻ
׵ͷ˵


1734 ˮ
ռţͨء
лּ䣬Ϳһ޴Ŀռųں«ɽȵĹȿڣ˲󣬽ɽһסϿжռžжͨ˸ɫĹâת˿ԾһҪ̤ȥĸо
ħ½߾ϣһͬ޴ĿռͻȻ򿪡ңֱӳ뵽СеڣݳǿȻȻĽܵĺˮȫϯȥÿһ䣬кĺˮʧһεͨԶ

Ϳں«ɽǰǵռУһɹɺˮ糱ˮӵ«ˮˮӵĺˮ˳ϿȣɽڲϯȥǺˮϳײٶȼ죬·һŭ񡣼赲
ˮƲɵ
ڼ䣬Ѿɽ֮Сǰ׻ľˣǵһʱӳС
ô£ˮ
ôĺˮ«ɽв˵궼꣬겻ôͻȻֺˮˮģ֮ǰѾܱ̽ûд͵ˮðĺˮ
ãɽнգҪǱˮûǴҶҪˮǿˮ棬ҪȻͳͳҪˮ˭Ūġ
ܣܳȥӳȥıԴ׵۳ıҪɽгǺúݶúġôѵͲǴѵԼҲɽУҲҪˮûôѵҪͬھʯ٣ǵʲôô
׽ʿҲɱԡѪսĸʿһǵصĴˮǱ֣ȫĿɿڴ˭û뵽׾Ȼô
ĺʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ̫ˡɽֻһ·ȴˮûܳȥҪȥҲˣգۼ䣬ˮѾû󲿷ɽȣ壬սʿһûȥ
ֻ循ʧԣ׽ʿѾõУ׵кˮûɽȡңѾΪ׼ȫҪ¡
쿴д
Ǵ׵ɫۣȻб׼ã֮ǰѾȷ«ɽȣǲˮôˮᱻڵô¡
ȥЩֻۣҪдǾܻȥ
ںˮûɽʱ׽ʿȴȻһͻȻóһݷεɫҩҩǱģǴУҩʦƳˮºҩˮºҩʲô̫ѣƷжߵҩ˵ֻͨҩҩʦѧͽõġ
Ҫռǧɲһ׵顣Ҳڴ׵۳УռطҪʱǲܵģ׿ߵɳڶ࣬ЩɳеİգͽˣϲУԺޣˮºҩȻΪʢУȻҩҩʦŸࡣҩжд
Ȼ
ȻΪʵﵽһ磬ڴˮҲ֧źܳһʱ䡣ʱĻͻѣñɻ
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ȣһϺȡ
һɫԴԴϵ˳źˮˮϡʿԥĵۡЩҪ۵սʿ޷ϣԤһʿ˿̣Ǵ׵ĺ֡
ɫ۸㹻ǧʿͬʱɽȥ
й׼£౻ûĽʿ׷׵ۣۺ󣬿ˮвðͷʿľкܼļ꣬ˮ档

쵰׹ȻϲŪЩıơɶʵ̫ɶˡ
취Щۡ
ʿֱӴˮ¶۷𹥻ҪƷۣϧһˮϣ·ˮһ𣬸޷ˮУó򡣴屻ɱ
ˮϣһƬѪ졣
εɫĺˮһȾѪˮ
ء峤ôˡ
취ǲȫӣһҪ취ӳȥ
ǿߣ峤ϣ׷ŭ𣬱ܵҪȥε죬ٴοȥȴ֪ûħʧˡһ㣬Ǹоӵľŭ
սһʼͶȫѺáȫûг
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ˮϣʬƯ
ͬʱܿ޾ɷ֮ԴԴϵ뵽ħУħɢÿʱÿ̶ڷٵ

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ֻɫƺЩ̫ÿ
۾ֻɽеħֱֹѪɷ֮Ϊϣħֻ޷ƣǰѡսȷʵͬھʯٵĴ㡣
࿪˵
Ӧþǲ÷ˮƣǣˮɽսķˮʦȻ
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һߣһ˵֮ǰѾɽ¼̳ս׼ѪѪħһħһ˲䱬Ʒħ½ｫɽң᲻ţӣ׵Ľһ㱻ɣｫһƬ֮ء
֮ǰѾԸһսֶҷսʿʯ٣ѪУһʼͲתô׵ۣݴ͸㣬ǲǾúܾϲ⡣
һȻĿУУ̺һǿҵơ
һҾҪ׸ʹĴۡ
֮һγɣɻ𣬻᲻ܵһУĴֲ
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˷ֱ治Ȼ۾
壬ħ壬Ҷԣңҵңҵ־ңҾң졣
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Уûκ塣


1735 ս
޶ûκضĽޣκ壬κ飬ת˳ֻأûжңûңҡ㲻Լκ壬ڱ۶ԣ壬һֻ壬ֻ޽
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ͷʹĺܡ
Ѻ㣬Ϊ㵱Ҫҵλ񡣹Ѻ꣬ǲӦеĴ۶ѣܱųþȻҪٴսһһΣɾͱֱ飬̫
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ֻڵһʱ䣬תħ塣⽻ÿһƬ۶ڷŹ⡣ɢǿķһ𣬺Ȼһ壬᲻ɴݡ


1736 ˳
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ħףѪɷħףһУᱻѪɷʴңһֵסǻᱻѪɷ֮ΪһѪˮġζûСײеĺܡħף̺֮Ѳе˲䣬ǿ񱩡ѪɷħףɽУضǣ·һɲǼ䣬ѾΪ硣
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1738 
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Щ죬Ǹִ鲻ϵɹȥежһĿģǾɳǣҪɳǣɳǡںܶطѾռܱ߻Ұе岿䣬ѾĬ彨ɳǣװͼеľٶΨһľɳǣѾûпȱɳǿŲƹȥˡ
һ㣬ļġ
Уд׵ȴסɳǡƪ¡
õģȳ֮󣬱ۻʱ¯ȼɳǵƽ磬ӿʱ١ȡʱڣ㹻ɳǡأֻҪһʱ䣬ܹ嫺ɳ
΢󿪿˵
£֮ǰѾйƽϡ
ʵϣͿôֻʱ仳ӿÿƬʱ٣գֻҲſţټӿ죬ζţԼڼӿģҪһ죬ȥһĻҲζţˣȥһꡣǺ˵ûбҪ£ǲѡӿʱת
ֻѾǱҪô
ڴ׸ŶڵɳǣɳҪֲȥ٣ԶҪץסһлᣬԽԽãԵģԼġҪȻһжѡ
ʱϵţڹ˵ǿԽܵġ
ʱ䣬ռݵڣǴͶϣҲǰõĳԭȵĳΪи죬ҲܿٻȡһɳǡЩԽĳǳأ˷ѣӦñ
Ƴ忪
ڻҰУڸֳǳأǴ䣬ڴռݺ󣬾û̫ôˣסĻնҪǨƵɳȥ˷ѣȻǲеġ
ǽиĻȫԻȡһɳǡ
ָԱֱӽɳǣƺҪ鷳һЩϾЩǳأڴ֮УǲϸġҪ¸Ľש졣ֹ̱Ƚľ
䣬ȥǲˮʦЩµĴկǳأֻҪãԼõģͳͳܷŹռٸ졣
׵ͷһ顣
ؼ䣬Ĵկ򣬺֮࣬ǳӴкܶ඼״ݻ٣ɷ棬ˣдڻķϵ״̬ûסҪĽ㳹ױٻõļֵЩǽɳǵĸ
󣬺µû
һҲԽʡ´Ľ
⽨Ҳһһ飬ҪԴԴϵռµơ
ЩֳɵԴôܹ˷ѡ
ǣ۾
׵ͷʾӦ
۾ʱѾдҴ׷飬Ҫ۾δ
ʱëҲǰһ˵
׿ʼӰҪ֪ͨģȻħ½һսУ˴вԸƽദġ
Щ죬ëӵĳожϰٸ塣
壬ؾ壬塣壬Գ壬Сȵȡ嶼Уֻ벻ûвڵġЩ弱ڳУȻҪΪԼȺıȡ棬ǵõ԰ȫϵıϡħ½ϣȻ׾ͱɱϢѹȣʵ̫ˡ

ᣬʱȽǰݣĻһжȴ׳ţ嫺ȫռݺ˵ʱͳһټʱУʱݣ򵥵һǴ׵
ƽ˵
ǰݵ࣬ҪӼҲҪӼÿ춼ˡ


1739  ۪Ԫ
ڴʮǿֻҲûСҵר磬ڹϣڷϵ츳Ȼ׽ǺܹġңɡھУһʷƾõزȻ֮ˮҲ֮Ϊʥˮ
ʥˮŮӺȥԿٻظңϵ㣬òϢؼˮܹ÷úŮӣ㡣һξͿԱһ¡
գŮԸΪ֮ʥƷ
ΪòŮǿʲôĳ
ʥˮŮеĵλ൱ߵġһ˵Щ꣬ڴҲġۣһξʥˮһöҵĸ߼ۣĳЩʱööһΡںܶŮ˵ֱǲϧ۵Ҫá
ؾĸֹѧƷܶ඼൱أ칤ϣɣճȺڷϵ츳嶼ҪߣҪǣǺ̰ƣԸϵȱݣǶף൱ңиָ
Ǹ壬Ľ
׾ڵ壬ûзҪ׺ƽദҪ³̡ʱڣȻܽǣɺʣڵȨڴУٽҲֻĬĬȴ
־ȺҲûзԡ
Ͼǲǿߡһǣδزһֺõѡ
ڴ׵˲ŴΡģţɳǣǷܹ֧һŵɡ
пѯʵ
ţѹģ˲ϵĴҪû㹻ɹԱɳתڴ׵ͳΣǲġ
۾ģ˲Ŵɳ㣬ǰĿƾѡһ֮ţټϲѧгɳĶӣʤһ֮λá㹻֧Ŵյš
ٴȷ
ʵϣҲǴײĵ̣˳һ˴ģţԸɵľ޴󸺵鷳
ţ֮󣬿һεĿƾ٣ѡ㹻˲š
׵ͷ˵
һο֧ţһλҪ˲š˲ŴѡһߣڽеĹԲܳκи򣬳ֶϲɾͲˡ
ãţͬȡ˿ڣЩ¼УԲж˲Ŵڡ
ⶼǲݴġ
۾ʥ
ȺҲЦͬ
δսȡսȴԭȵ˿ڱٳȥ󣬱۽ὫЩսͷųһӪһǲԳΪǿս³ΪͨգǽӵݣȫͬһսˣŮУʱ򣬻Ҫưš
п˵
ݴż㣬ںУ˯սѾʮס
ҹսУҵһ׻ѪΪĻħأħأҪٻ׻Ѫū뷽跨Ĺ֮յõħأȫ£ÿ춼дūپȻͳ׻Ѫ塣ӴսŮСھг˯ʱʱʱա
ֻҪԸ⣬ʱԻǡ
ԣĳ̶ֳϣǲȱŵĵ̡
ֻǣЩսڶȻ˼ͷԶԺܵھҲˣҪǴģͷų䣬ǻִӵġֻѭ򽥽ĽС
۾֮ǰ⣬лƵͼеܵ˲ѾҵڵȺ򣬲֪ǷҪټ忪˵
֮ǰõߵıɽɽͼҪĵ˲ִƣΪϸƵͼǱע׵ɽһЩԴֵȵȡǰͿһ䣬ȻǱϣƹ켮ϣǾǵġ
Ŷǽ
׵ͷҲ¶һ˿档
ܵΣҪĿɲһˡ
´ʱͿ˽ܿĳǵ¶һ˿ڴУֵʮֽСģһֳʥκˣҪеʱ̣Ҳ᲻ĽţǸоεľ
ܿһӿ࣬Ѿﵽ꣬ȻȻɢһָԨϢ˿һ۾ܿһвŻĽܳʿ
һŨüۣһֿдһȻϢһȴԵìܡ˾治ѡ
С㡣
С۪Ԫ
̧ۿ׶Уֻһۣ͵ͷ­ݼμ۾۾ɸ޽
ƽ񡣡
һĨɫ˵ңԺҲڵһʱ両ֳйǵѶϢ
ûмǴĻȷʵ˲š
㣬ּ塣Ӷϲˡκʱͼѧңï֮κ»Ǳ֮ӡĴ塰Ӷϡ
ͼйŴͼѧΪйѧͼѧ֮ϣͼѧŴͼѧʷ϶ӳŲǡɼжߡ
۪ԪҲ򵥡
Ƴˡκʱڿѧңݴʷ۪֮ӡʱ游ˮ飬롢ӵѼ顢ʷ¡񻰴˵дˮעʮıдһݷḻʵĵ
ܣҲǶһġ
ӵ˾޵
Ҳû뵽ҵôĵѧҡò˵⾪ϲ
֪λԸ볯ãΪҴ׳
ҴڴţҪΪ׻ƳȫµĿͼΪ׾ڸɽյأռԴѶϢΪռ꾡ϡǴ׵¿ͼɽ
п˿ѯʵҲʮڴܹӦ
ҪɣȻǴвıء
Ը⡣
ҲԸ⡣
һۣڶԷпǿҵȤ
ⱾȤ飬ܹ˶ΪףʵǵֵǾò
ܺãǽҿ࣬θλжƷƹͼƴ׿ͼ۪Ԫƹɽɽ߹ɣλֱ¥Ϊ׹ܵ
л¼䣬һ֣ȻܿһͼɽֱУ걦ԴǷǿհףǴĲƸ
л۾΢һΪ׻ƳƵĿͼڴ׵ɽ
еļǿҡ
оӿֳĶ־
Ҳվڴ࣬Ѿӵв볯ʸҲһǰδе飬ģȫ¹ص׵۳Ĵ¡ǧ˵á


1740 鹫
һһУǿһȫµ顣
дܡһһУŵ˳һ仰ͿԾһ磬Ǿеϣҵԭ彨˳ңԴʮֲƣѡҪ׵ͳΣҪ֣ҪռƬ½ء
׺׳Ƴ˻ʳ
ֻһ㣬ʹ˴Ⱥ񾭡
գһʳɴ棬һǲԭ˳ײͬġȻˣʲôԨԴҲ
һԳսǰ
̣ķѵʱ䲻Ƭ̶ѣһʳ˾ôڴȺѾעǧ˵˱ı䡣
ָоޱ𺳡
˵
ʱȻţ֪УҲ֮ʼݳȥѸٸ׵۳ֱ仯Լٶȷš

׵۳۶Ƴǡ
Уϣһƽ̿Ѥޱߡ
ƽ硪ƽ硣
ƽڣܿƽ羰ʮԵüΪķĽլԺۡԹơϾƽУǴ׵Ĺ˾ס֮أսʿˣǹԱļ׾죬Ǳסġ
ĸۡȻܲȥڣ츮ۡйģʲôƷףʲôݵλǾͰʲôĹȥ죬ǿǻᱻԲġ
Ҳһ޴ĸۡլԺΪݡ
ӵдլԺʹʹŽоסǴ׹ٷĽճ޾Ӷд𡣴˿̵ĹݣԵʮ֣׷׾ס棬ȴСֻǣոյõϢʱܵӼ󣬺ܶʧͬʱҲ˵ʲôĻ
ǴףκѲڰе̽Ŀ
ڹڣһԺ䣬ȻסһȺ顣ŮУȻӢκεطһȺУҲǾԵǣĿֵֻǣǵϲǺɡ
׵ʱܾӼκһʹߣڿ׼ȵź󣬲ŻѡӼǡô죬ȷСȴᡣ
һʮָŮһŮǰ
ŮǾҲܸܵһ޷ݵȻгдԵ׺һòģȫǻƽһԼĶ䣬ǰģүµ˲˿ƻ
һλȻһ鹫Ǹһ֧;鲿ĹݵλǾءޱ䣬ڵľ鲿䣬԰䡣
ʵڿɲӵоĸսΪѣˣʵϣڴУȥС̫ˡ
ֻǣڴ˵ɲľٶԿĽЩ˵ĲѾڹͳһʧأ䱻ûлҲشҪָԪޱѡ壬ܻĸá
а֮ģɰٴǡ
׿櫣ȻˣǾ׵۳ܹӵƣͲƾնģȻʱòӼǲڴкúһļţǲġ׵۲ѾȨ޸ǡڴ׾ߣԴ׵
ޱǱ¶һĨЦݡܹԵ׵ǲݴ顣˭ĻģûȨޣڴУܿģֻһЩѡڵĺģѱ˽⡣
ţʱ켮ʱԽ˽ഫ׵İգͨ硣ǲģͲǺ
׿櫿˵
ܶе飬Уд˵ģֻǺܶණûа취֤ʵѡ
ţȳȥߣƳǿǴ׵۳ĵ۶סգǿһȥޱЦ˵
˵Ů򵥵ʰһ£԰ɴڡ򵥵һߵֵϣȺУϸۿĻҲ׷ǵݣȻǷ֣Ҳʲô鷳֮УȫȶĹҡɷɲǿЦġ
ƳѾѾֳ
ÿһŴ˿ڡ
ʮֱֵ֡ţ֡֡îý߽֡֡֡֡δ֡֡ϼ֡繷֡֡ÿһǼţֱӹᴩһʮ׳ۡ
Ƶ۶ĺܷ˶壬̫׳ˣÿһ϶ΪȫйȻǼٵġ׿ڽֵϣǾ̾˵
ֻڳУܸܵӴ󡣶ңÿһΪǶʮǿ
˵ħ½ҵһΣҪѹƴ׵ʵɽ֮󣬴׽ʿƾǣȻѾսϣݺ޵С
ޱ仺˵ЩǺأҲ֪
죬ȥ֣µĵ̿ҵƹľС¿ĵʯķдӴջʯὫرУһųʮöֻҪͿԻȡر챦˵Ϳһҹ
ʵ̫̼ˡһʢ簡֪˭ܳΪӮҡǿ򣬾һҹ˵ںܶɳǶѾ齨ӣϢ˵ٷ׼רŵͲ֪ǲġ
շ׷
˵أ칤ڴ췢УƳһһܷĶȫ޷̽·𱻳׸ңԸ飬䵮ǣǳ򣬰пٷУȥԸ飬ǷеԴȪֻҪһöͨİɫԸ飬֧кܳһʱ䡣㲻Ը飬ҲֱͶңЧͬġ
ܳ򣬳۾ٶȼ죬ڰж൱ҪץסǣҪɣûмɣץжѣǷмɣץɣٶȵȵȡֻннסһӣ䳹ֹͣץסҪȻһж㳾䶨
ʯʵǶʯĵرУصԭʯ޷̽ڲȻ漰ĶԣһͬĻк׵رһ鱴ûϲҪ챦̽ԼҲǱУȻͨʯһɫʣһ޷̽пܿǱҲǼֵߵƷоϻϻװʲô޷̽
Щһ𣬾γʯг
ܶ˶ϲǰȥڴһҹƽơ
ܿһʯķˣɲС


1741  ı
Ĳ˵ҲǾ˵ģϣӲףʯرⶼҪʵõģҪǰյ̽磬뺣׽̽գرڼĺвŻУǳĻǺϡٵġ
ȻЩ⻰
ڴУʮʢС
ʮķչѾһ׳ϵľ̺رʯķóģǾ͸ˡһϢ֪˰Ħȭƣ׼ʱ֡
ǵģκ˶Բμӡ˭лõ
ֻҪͶȥͻһ˿˱գܣ˿Ҳ˶ʧԼУֻΪջʤߵսƷ뵽ʤڣǿˣơԣҪμӣҲҪϸһ£ԼǷᵽĻᡣ
һ㿴Ļǲѡġ
ֶ˭̫ӡ
ԣμӵˣǶоŵˡԼʵԼ
Ҳȥɣ˵׷ս˼ֻʩչͨʹáʹþͻΥ棬ͻӱֱ̭
׿ȻҲʮֺ棬ڴ
ߣһȥ
ޱҲûзԡ֣ôܲۼʶһء
ȥμ׷սɡ
һߣŮһ׷սʱǿҵȤ顣
ңɷ˵žߡ

ʱ۹С
ͯʳǰ
е̿ҵ׷ɻ˹һͬ£һμⳡͯʿ˵
Ŷ
ֻǵͷÿɷʾ˵ȥ֪һ飬ҪȻרŹ㱨
У뾫鹫ޱУһЩ飬˺һļڣڳι䣬ǷҪ档
ͯʿ˵顣
˼һôǷԭ档Ǳ߲¶һĨЦ⡣˵ʮģΪֹѾʮˣȻʿ˵ʮ꣬᲻Ԫ˵Ѿǵ˳ɼҵ䡣ȻΣҪԼ˼
ЩϣдԼԸ
ϲˣҲ档˳Ȼͺá
ûؽи棬ȻȻżպ׷ʶ˴˼䣬Ӧû֪໥ݣӵǻۣݵ̫áϾޱǾ鹫оֹܿͨˡͯҡҡͷ˵
Ǻ˵ġȻţȴܸоõġ
޷ֻҪû棬ǾᣬҪߵһ໥ϲǾȢǣҶݣǾ鹫Σ¼䣬ûҶ䲻ϵŮӣУҲָݣͬ⣬ŮֲʲôϡŹֵ塣ѣûд󰭡
еȻһЦ
ˣֽԲ˿ģȻҪǻɻǣǶ˵ȹȥз˵׵ģŮͶӣǾֽȻͬı׼
ԴǱġ
Уտһ£Ҫ˴ǣɽߵһͿԼģߵ󣬾δܵõôҲδһ¡
ƽ˵
ǣ۾
ͯһ˿ɫͷӦ

˵Щȴ˵׵ڼ
ʱÿʱÿ̶дɳǱ͵Ҫȣħ½ײɳǣô׵ˣȻı鲼˷ƳҲŴӺ«ɽзһɳСɳǻָɣԼдУΡ
ͬʱѾһսͷųȷƽУȻͳһɵǼǺڿʼŸɳ͹ȥΪ˼뻹ԵúܵڸְţǺ޷ԡ׵ľӽܡңЩսǷŮҲû໥ɻ飬ǵ˵
ȥɳ˿ǱȽ١
ֻȽ
ŵḶ́ʮ˳вڴ׾ŵı֮£ЩС¡׾ͱѹȥ
ӣݡ
Դ߻ʳ
ɳ㣬ӣн֡
μӿɳǵٶȺɳǽٶԽԽ졣ڵ³еգ׷ױǼǻѾͽڸɳСȻԭȵİ໥ӣĻӦµ
ĿùЩµ˷ı仯󣬳ʤˣһԡǵ³ȣֱɾ
а
߻ʳȻˣʳĵȴʧˣǵһʱҪǰ߻ʳԭȵĻʳǰ᪳ǣֻǣҹȥʱȴ֣᪳Ѿԭʧˡ
һ㣬ܹס
д߻ʳҴߣ׷䲻Ȼ־ٶͬѰ
߻ʳˣƲ⣬ҹһ֧֡ݵ飬߻ʳĵѾȫʧûҹڱ֧֣˴ĶϢĵز
аڰ᪳ԭŵľ޴ɽϣŻɽУӿĹҽ˵
ڰΨһģǼǿ衣ֻҪǳ֣Ǿһᱩ¶μʱȻΡ￪ڰο
Ҳ£Ѿõѡ
Ҹ֪ЩҹаħģǷֱͨҹͨĴͨԣһ־޴вҪܵҵǵĸס
а˵
ҵĿģһݲҪġ
ݿɿϢ߻ʳӵһµɱﵣʲô˭ֻ֪һõĻֻƬܹ֪Ǽɱ׸߻ʳĴɱҪҲŪ˭ǶʳѰ
ͬˡ
嫺ڳҹаħټôһѰ顣
ӶΪ
ڴ˿̣ӣ£ֱ£Ǵ֮СһƬڵĿռ档Ƭռ䣬һ͸һа񣬿µϢ棬ŻаռУͷ䡣
غͬƬռС
ܣܿд߻ۡ֯ųҲС
˿̣֯ųɫȻǲÿ
Ѿʼռӣݣ׵ɳǿʼӣֱ鲼ӣݣʱҴ߻ʳͳױĨȥһкۼһжУɲǱҪġҪĲǱʵǸףֱӵĴҪôѪɺӣΪ֮ʹǶ¡
֯ųɫܲÿⲻҪġ
أųΪ
ӣݶѣͷֵһᣬ߻ʳҲֵһᣬҪôʹⲢѡǲˣҪ֣Ҫ춯أھһûᡣ
Ц˵


1742 ħ ͷ
ʲôᡣ
֯ųʱӿֳǿҵȤֻҪܹԴ˺ʲôԸ⡣
ֱӹ׵۶ɳǡ
һһ³һȻ˵
ʲôֱӹƳǡ
֯ųҲ¶һ˿ǿҵ𾪡
Ƕô󵨣ôµľٶôľٶҪôһڴǧţԶڴ׵ʷ֮ϣŨīزʵһʡ΢΢֮ģǿҵļ඼ھѪڷڣоΥļȼա
ħҹսս֮ǿһԪۡв֪۱ħɱ𡣡
һŵ˵
ħҹ֮УħħطԨħΪġսܣģֶļգܼȡֶħ޵츳ͨӵлصΰ
Ҫ֪۵ĺӣҹ֮УӵԨħĸƷ֮ߣѷɫԨħ־Ԩħĸ
Ԩħֺܹ죬˿ѷɫ
ң죬ħ־һУȡһΪϣԼȡĵرѪΪϣħ䱾һǻģܲϳɳи䱾Ҳһжͣ磬ĵر·ߵġ
Ǿʹ󲿷ֶἳȡֶıģϽȡеԣ뵽Լϣ͵ħӲޱȣңսʮֲбԽսɱΪĪ⣬޼᲻ݣҡ
һ֣֮Ϊ͡
һѪ⾫ںѪͨǿħ壬սﵽ£ɲ𣬵ѪħѪȾ񷣬ÿﵽһΣָѪͨͨ츳սɱǿ󣬶ң죬ÿһֶǽȻͬģ˭֪ʲôͨ츳
Щǿµ£ĲΡ
һ֣֮ΪħѪͣҲ֮ΪͣѪ͡
һ֣ںħѪΪһ壬ߵľΪһ壬Ļȫ淢չɱʱҪϣԴǺģӴ󣬳ɳѡ
ͣǺǿ󡣷չ£ͬá
ħҪǣƣкĲգںϽȥƿȻﵽ£˵ħںϣҲֱ˴ˡ
ǿߣ޷ƿħģһƿزסͻ᳹׷ɣ̽ȥױħһ֣ɳϡ
һ𣬻͵ħսǿ
ǵ̣ӵħȫԸ׵۳࿹⣬һӣϵĴɳǣֻҪԸ⣬ȫԴݻκһңɾͿ
ôǿ
ҲǺ۸ֱӹ׵۶ĵڡ
ãҪɾ͸һģֱӹƳǣֻҪܽƳǴݻ٣׵۳ܵǰδеشԴ׵ĴǰδеģǴ׶˶ֱױ𡣡
֯ųǱ¶һĨЦ⣬飬Ǿ޳ɵġ
ֻҪɣܹӵǿӰҲΪĴ߻ʳ
ֻǣƳǴ׵ĵ۶ƽʱƮҪҶҲι֯ų˵һҪԵ⡣
ɳǱͲʲôͨɳǣƮ˭ҪǣɳǾȻ޷㣬޷ҵۼƺѾ֮⣬֮СҪͱøѡ
һУΪɳǵ޼ԡ
õģɳħ½֮ϣѹ½еǼħȻԷˮʱѹס̽鵽Ϣɳͣں«ɽϿգ׼䲻᳹ȥõĻᣬһһΣɳٴοʼƯƶǻ򣬽嫺ʱҵټͻøѡԣǲݴġ
۶Ȼ˵
Ȼε飬Ѿ˳ֵ׼һЩϢ鱨˽൱
ãȻǾ͸ˣУȻҵĴ߻ʳҲҪʹĴۡξɱҲҪʹ֡ǡ
֯ųϵ˵
粻˳٣ħӴǱعȥֻҪִħ½ȫѹǼħĻֱܹӵشףɸӾ޴˺
ۼ
ܺá
֯ųʾͬ
ֻҪܸ˺ʲô⡣
ͷꡣ
ƬռУҴͳͳѾһдſȵĸ·𣬿ϣδ
֯ų뿪ˣħֱ뿪Ƭڰռ䣬ǱУʧһΣһҪԴ׳֣ô׸ʹĴۡ
һöӣֻһι󣬾ͻ᳹ױϣֻֻҪħͿԣһӶѣʧҲʧˣȫ⡣˵ڳ޵ʹ£ܴСľϲޣһֺǿ
Ŀ֯ųȥǱ¶һĨЦ⡣
ţܹΪþõġҪµ׼׵۲ôױԸģ֮ǰҹսɱȥȫˣ˵ҹ°ϵ콾ԿʥǼһȵתޡɲʲôˡǾͷ߻أҪšҪ鲼׾ڡǴףǾҪռݴ׵ĺڰ䡣ֻܳϵĶԴƻ
ںߣ֪ʱһӰ
һ۾ܿɢϢ˿ں֮¡
ţҪþͷڴ׾ڣУؿصĻض뾡콨ҹϵףεõһ֧Ԯһε֧Ԯ֪Ҫȵ೤ʱŻСǳõģʮģҪó׼ͷߵĽڱУ̲ݻ
Ҳͷ˵
һͷٳͷͷߣϢҪþͷߣΪ׵۳и壬Զ֮ȥʣҹеجΡ
ҲЦ˵
ͷߣڲϽ֯ң൱õҹ֧֣ӵйͷ߻صһ󣬾ڴƤӵ£ֲ׵ˣǲͷ߻صĴڣ·ںڰеĶߣʱпܳһ
ǲҪЩ׾ڵϷչͽҪӴ׾ڵϣܷչͽҪǾļƻԴ׷𹥻
ٴ˵еһҰ
Ҫͷ߾ǳ


1743 ɳǱ
Ǿͷ߽ǵõҹ֧֣Щħ񶼳ħ͹սǳõģ޷ʱڽǽľͷߣǲеһӣȥϾĿ顣ͷߣҪأԲֻǾſͷҪһͷſͷֻ࣬ԽԽࡣ
Ҳ׵ͷ˵֮ǰѾҵһЩҰĵֻҪǵҰģȫǾͷģҲҪѧˡΪܼǵǿҶ־
ͷһҪٶɷչ׳
һпܣӴ׵ķչ׳ٶȡԲٷչȥҹвʵ̫ˡ
ȿ֯ųܸ״ʲôˡһοһδûᣬϣ
¶ڴ֮ɫ
ʣһΣֻҪܸ״شħܵⶼֵõġȫڽܷΧ֮ڡ

ЩԴӰ죬µɳԴԴϵ׿ʼת
Ѿռݣ½ϣȫ鲼ҴɳǣԭȵѡףȡկһٰʮѾƽн¸졣ɳҪİѾȫȥ
Ѿȫռݣзߣȫ𣬴Ѿʼ½ִ
ʨյѾռݣдʨգΪһ֮أʨտɷУǶ֮һ
ƳڣһϢԴԴϵĴ˷۶һ̣Ǵ׾ԵĵشҲڵһʱ´Ŧ
֮ǰԪսѾʼӳá
֮ǰµɳǣΪģԴԴϵĶܽйֻҪγӣζţҪŴ׵ȫѹսУܶ඼Ǵ׾֣ɳԴԴϵͽˣѾܱ޴ѹòѡܴ׽ɳܱߵľٶ
ֻŴһʳ½ء
ңʱƣɳԽԽ࣬͸ûа취
˵Уǰ䲼ػĵͽػģŶ׽ɳǰƶλϣǣ˵лֱӸӦ꣬ǲͽǰȥɣΪ׽ɳȥǰڵ׼񣬲ͽ𣬻йѫɵãͽΪ˷ܣҪܵ
ͽ˿У֮Ϊƽ
ȻΣҲߵģϾǿģָľ棬κΣնпܷڿеͽ˲һ㣬ȴ谭ǵ
ΪڣŵĹٶȣľˡܶʱҪܣֻҪɳǼܽɳ£Ǿһ´󼪡ɣֻҪɳڣ⡣
ֻ⡣
һʱ䣬嫺֮ڣҴƿ֮ڣΪҴ׽ɴ˴š
һ˵˵
ؽݱϴ谭һһơƿ˵һƬáɼȶĿָ꣬տɴֻҪɳռ죬ĶԺȥԵȫԱɲǿЦġ
ţܺá
׵ͷ
ڴţģʵĪڵͼͼУ뽭ɽͼһϷˮѾȫһÿһɳǣÿһƬֱӵľڵĽɽͼϣһĿȻޱȡѾܿڵĽɽͼڱԽԽ
ɽÿʱỵ֮̈ͼУ뵽ԼСȻĴǿ
ЩǺȻڽС
׵ţȫΪܲɷֵϵ
ԽǿʵΪٶȾͻԽ죬ศɵġ
¡¡
ʱֻؼ䴫һ졣
ʮֿ£ڴʱ涼ھҡΣضɽҡħ½ڻζ·Ƿҵĵ𣬵ļߣ·Ҫһһ
ָо̫¡
ô¡
ڴڣȺɫ׷״䣬𶯣˾޴ĺȻƳжܴݹһ㣬Ȼͨ¹ʡ
ˢ
һʱ䣬һĻڴг֡ϸȥȻĳֳһ棬ޱȡ
ܿǰĻ棬ȻԺ«ɽȡ
ɽУѾһɳѹɳǣͽ«ǡɽȣ׵ķˮֻҪʱƣɳ̺ķˮ֮ԽԽǿֱȻһ塣һ̣ɳǾ뵽УҪݻ٣죬ɳڸոأʱǰڣʵΣյʱ̡
һӦĹ̡
ܿ«ǾȻһɿµӲӴǿбӴǿзֲֿ鲼ɳǣĶɳƻֹ̣ʮͣǽϳѺۣڽ𡣱ڳеİգǽܳЩӵΪͻıʣѪɫħϮķӦʵǲࡣ
һܶѣ䡣
ô¡
֮ǰѹǼħƺ¿ʼôܣ֮ǰѾѹңڻǴ׵ķˮѹôסȻ˶İաɶ񣬵ɶ񡣡
೯Ŀãɫ䣬Եʮѿôû뵽ͻȻ䷢顣
Ѿѹ˲Ŷԡ
£ǲܷġ
㣡
ĿãɫͬһƬ䣬ֻһΣв¼ʮشһ̵ֲʹ붼룬һ䣬ȻԿһ˲ɳз«ǣȻͿ«ڵаգʬ壬ͬһʱ̴Ӻ«ȡȥú«ǣ˲һճǡ
飡
Щܿ«±ӿֲһѪɫصײں«ɳϡҵĺУɳǴбһ޴Ĵ󶴡
ᴩɳǣֱУħȻøӿ񱩡
ҪѹԲܣɣǡ
ħٴð˳췢ŭ֮ǰѹˡһֳ裬һħеľ޴裬ȫûа취ϴˢ֡
ھҪɱˣҪѪϴءô׸ʹĴۡ
Ȼ򣬲˵꣬Ϳһ޴ɳƾճɽϿգֺ󣬸Ǻĳֱײȥһײ׺ޱȣޱȡͺһҰڷ档
Ҫħ½УΪ׵һݵ̣ȻҪǾȥһħҲҪ졣Ҫ֪㲻һЦѡħѣ鱦Ҳȱ
бĻƳд˳
ûκγɣײڹϡ
¡¡
ûκһײĿ£ֻͨ쳹صѪɫͱײķѣһطһײ顣


1744 ȥ
Ϊʲô
ӦõģӦûΪʲô˵Լ֡ɶʵ̫ɶˡҲģҪƴˣɷײ챾ײɳǡ
ħǽһΣζԼݵĻᣬֱǶһ衣
ͬʱȻԿħֱ̤޴ɷĥϣĥۿɼٶȾͣ˲ͱաֲɷ֮Ŵĥת˸ĥУػˮڱãĥУȫһֽٵľ
µ㡣
ײе㡣
ĥһޱ͵ֱ̬ĳɳײȥ
飡
һǰδеĺһײ׹ػ𡣱ನ˲ɨգ˲䱻飬ŤҪ磬磬Ǵǧ磬ᱻײ˲ռһ龳ǿ߳棬Ҳᱻһײ촷ۡΪƬ
̨ᵱشֱ䡣
֪ײж¡
һײɳ΢΢˻Σɷĥ·ɣһΰ£ò˳ȥĥжӲĹ·Ҫֱӷһ
ɳǡ
㲻ıѹ
㲻ġ
бڵ۹֮УһϺȡ
ÿһϺȣɳǾȻȻײȥײײײײ˵ѹˣȻһħѣΪԷô
飡
һδײ£ɷĥײˣŤĥھҡΣⱻƴĥĵػˮ磬ײķѡ
ܵġ
ôôǿɳǣΪʲôԸҵĥײ飬ʲôɳǡ
ħɫ䣬֮ǰѹֻΪԼûз䲻£˸ֲղűѹģһο׼ƷӵеģȫԼȫʵ£Ȼûа취⣬ɳǣֱǱ̬
ѾоԼڴݳ޾ʹ࣬һδεײʶҪָо̫£ʶ飬ζţĲˣԺ飬Ҳ
Ҫɳ̫ͣᡣ
һδײ¡ĥײĲϱɡķĶޱȰ
ҲİҽС
ħܲģٴηһźȻһΣûнгڣͱɳײȥһӣɢˡ
۽ȥ
һ䣬Ѿ֣ڴĥϣʱ׳һУȻľͽĥɽȥκηĻᡣ
ħһ챦ҪǿĶ࣬˿ѷɫ˵ǿֱУҪ뱦Ϊһ֣ٳһµڿռ䡣
ɷĥһڻУͿʼǿƻħҲ鱦ħƻ֪ĥתɷ֮ػˮڷĽܱߵĻ֮顣ױ𣬿ٳһƬռ䣬ͬʱϵӡ
ٵٶȼ죬ȼ
ռ䣡
Сǧ磡
Ȼһ·ϣǿпٳһǧ硣ռʮɼħжǿڿɺǧ磬ž뵽УڱϣȻһ㡣һ㣬ȻҪзֱӾȥСϣ˿
ʮ㡣ɷĥ̡
úñѹ㲻ģǾ͹ԹԳΪ۵ı޷ѡ
иܵı仯Ҳƽħħ½ｫӵмĺôԻ֮ɷ֮ݱһбأڴеʿ˵һɶõʥء
ֻϧħ̫ѷȫ⣬ҪѡԼȥȻǾֻܳȫ
ϧˣһƷɷ֮ıأħ书ЧķˮƣҲ˳ʵϧֻҪǴ׵ĽɽͼˮƺǱĬ֮£ܹһ鱦أֻǣʱϻ൱
࿪ڸ̾
ȻħûǾûС޳һݰȫҪµµħʲôʱͷɣԹƻ
ɱ
Ȼ򣬾˶ԷɣоħѹиʱͻȻ䣬ֻһɱƾճ֡
ɱȻܿһ޴ĸսӴ˳֮ɣͨ忴һ޴ţͷˣͷϳһڵţǣ£˸ź⡣ͨ˸ڵĽ󣬴źأ񱩵Ϣ·Ǹͳţͷˡ
ֻǣҪؽڲλϣȻܿһĵУһԺĽ˺ѣʳƬͷϣһڵͷ鲼Źϵħơ
ŵһսսģͬڵ޳ĵͳǹһϰ벿֣޳ĵǵ·նһ۾ܿޱȣ˲鲼Źصħơ
һ۾ܿһֲĴɱ
սȾѪĿֲħ
ħѪħţ
ħ
˿̣Ѫħţڣ֯ų֮ںһ𣬻Ϊһ壬־Ԫ꣬ѾΪѪħţ־ꡣƿħȫ޷ݵ˳ĳС
ǿǰδеǿġ
ֱ֮ǰԼʮٸҲܹױ顣
֮ǰɳײɷĥ̵Ļ棬ҲѾˣֻȻֵĺ𺳣ֻȴãԼѪħţɳѷɫҪ֣ҲѹǼħЩ˵ʲô
ԣڸоɳϵϢи֯ųԥĳˡ
˲ð˳ңеսһնɳǡսɣһ·ǿٵһ㡣ضһ̣п貵ĵ⣬ҫݡ
飡
һ׺Ե
Ѫħոħǿԣ࣬𡣷񣬴ꡣڵУԷâ޾಻˲õʮֹײе£һȥضҪڵϣħ½ᱻ޴ѷ졣ն롣
һٶʵ̫ˣ쵽˸Ӧɳ;޴󡣸Զ
¡¡
ƳǾ𶯣ɳȴʼռԭأûбˣҲûеɳȥֻǣ޾ɳӿһΰɳбҪǿħֻǣȴûܹ׽ħ


1745 
ɱ
֯ų˿⣬֮ǰѾĿùɳײħĻ棬ƣȷʵԵ˾̾ĵزԼѪħţ޷Խɳǡһ۳ǣһһۡһ
ޱȣ಻𣬶ң;޴󣬿ɱ񷡣
һȥûжɳвܿɳܣȻֳ񻢵ФӰңЩͨѪɳɱҲŷɱ䣬ʮФͼ顣
Ǵչǰüѽ𻢡Ф֣ͬãս⼦ٵؽţ߲ѵص󣬲а򣬰ҹȮ
ʮФͬʱ֣ɳ⣬˲䣬ͻΪһ貵Ĺ⻷⻷ɳǣħǿе棬⻷ʮФФػ⻷һγɣӵױȵķǻȻһ壬ʮФľһУʮʱ
Ǿʱ䡣
Фػʱػ⻷
ܿǹ⻷һʱⳤӡܶʼѭݡʱʮФͳڹ⻷Сܴʱ䳤ӣػ⻷ؼػʱǰκ͸ȥκʱⳤĥÿתһȦʹʱš
һȦʮꡣ
ⲿ˲ɱػ⻷еʮФǹ᲻ϱ⻷ĥʱڡ
ܿػ⻷УƺʱⳤڴҪʮФȫնɱһնɱǾƵ⻷ɳǵķֻǣֻػ⻷Уǵ貵⣬˲䱻ֳʮݣֿʼɢֳǧٰʮҲ˵һ˲䣬еһӱǧٰʮ
ЩʮФǰ˲ͱ𡣻ֲֻȫ˲Ϣɡ
ѪħţһնȥȴûƿɳǷԭ
ǿķʮФػôȻǿֵزҵĵ˲ָʮݣһʮʱٷֳǧٰʮһʮ졣ФػȻ˿¡
ܵסһܷ񵲵סҳǧ
֯ų𾪣ȴûиоǿĶ־
ħٴλӳһΣȴһޱȷƣױȵٶȻնȥһ˲䣬֪ٵֻܿһ𣬷·ǲӰ㣬顣
һ򵶡
˲Ϣ䣬ƾѪħţ֯ųȻֱնһ򵶡ͬʱնػ⻷ϣǻ棬ʮֿ£·⣬˲串ɳǡ
ңػ⻷ʱһ򵶣Ļһ򵶹һһ˲䣬۳һһ֮ǿȫԻأ̨һǰҪ˲նɱ
ػ⻷Խɢ۳һٷɢܾױȵƻâ֮ǿնɱЩФػޡ
ǿȻΪһĴڣǴʲôطðġ
ڵ۹ϣ棬ѪħţֺĿһֱϡĸоڣ֮ǰħͲһ
ˣһħҵõĴ֪ӦҹеսഫսҹԨħĸԨħΪģɣһԪ۲ɱСħкüͣͣħѪͣȫ͡һ֣Ӧͣȡħɡʮײп¡ֻҪ޷ƻԨħ֣Ĳ֣ħսݡ֪ħҪпƲܷӳǿսܻɱҲѹħ
ӳǰ˵
ѪеĴѶϢѾǰʲô˵СˣһҪֳʤڿӱܵҪɱ
ֳ嶯ȫûɵģĸӦ
ţҹ͸еҪĶࡣȻħս͹ڻҪҵ۶شҴ׵۳ֻϧԤ벻˳ĵ۶Լ̣ơɳںϵ۶Ϊһ塣Ҫƣǿɲһѡ۵Ҫħʲô
ɫƽû̫
˳۶ǴԼ̶ƣǿ󣬷ˣôӵе۶ʸ񡣱Ͼغ˳ĹˣԲа
ڵʮФػ⻷һޱǿķ

򵶹һһֱػ⻷УȻܿ⻷תǿʱ֮Ȼٴνһޱ貵ĵǿзɢʮǧٰʮ
ң֮˿ûͣ٣ٴαɢΪǧʮ⣬˲䱻ڹ⻷УٴαʮФѹ顣⻷財޿ɺ
ɳУȫһᣬɽڡȻǧֹͨƲҵķǾһжȻ
ܡ
֯ųɫ䣬ַķȾȻǿ˲ΣȻ򵶹һûа취ƿʲôʲô
Ҳţɱɱɱ
֯ųͷˣ붼룬еħĳػ⻷նȥ
һһÿһײޱȡ
ÿһƺ񷡣
ϧػ⻷ϣûа취ȫù
ǿб赲⡣
޵ţʭ
֯ų췢һŭ漴ͿѪħţһ𣬿ʼҡΡʱһֻֻѪɫţʭ϶Ϊһ⣬糱ˮɳɱ
Щţʭһͺͣһֻֻͨ˸ŽĹ͸Ѫ⣬ɢԨĿϢϾȻųһͲǺǵġǵأһۿȥȫֱ治ж١
գۼ䣬˵ɳϣһֻֻФػ⻷ϣЩţʭϳŷ·Ӱļ죬ͬܣпյģһϣһھһѪνײе㡣
Щţʭܿػ⻷ϵĿ˲⻷УȻݳǿҵ֮ӹ⻷мȡʱ֮Ҫ״Ӹϴݻػ⻷
Щţʭ֮ʵ̫ǿᣬ̫¡ܿػ⻷ϵĹâʼϵ˸𲻶
ãЩţʭԨ֮ԨħĸܹһУһеϴڣħҲͬκħֵϣʱҲ⡣
ɫ䣬˵
һֺܿµֶΡϢӶһСײе¡
޼䣡
΢΢üȻ˵
ԡ޼䣡
˲Ϣ䣬޼ѾȻȻĿ˲䣬ܿɳǺȻľʹʵ廯Ϊã·һӰһĭ


1746 ɽ޽ 
ɳԭأȴͬ¥ţʭȴģʵ֮䣬һ޷ԽĽޣػ⻷ϲţʭһ˿գʲô̡һ˲ͱ޷ƽ⡣
ɱɱɱ
Ѫħţħնʱ·նһǵޱ貣ǿڿϣȫûжɳƻ
޼ԣɳǣڲ֮أǿƳ޼ԣɳǴ޼״ֻ̬ǣҪһ㣬һѣҪҵ޼䣬Ǹ浽޼䡣
һ㣬ǾֻǶɳ첻κˡ
۵ǿ֮
޼ʲôǴ벻ڣûʱ䣬ûпռ䡣Խ޼䡣
׵ۣ޵ôͷڹôȻֻ֪ЩֶӦʣ㻹ǵñݻٵĴ߻ʳôҾǴ߻ʳ֮֯ųеģ浶ǹҴһֻֻ֪֪ñʿ㲻Ǻųؼһ˳ô㲻ħսϣѹķɨ콾ôΪʲôһսѵ֮ǰսȫǴô
֯ų췢ŭ
ɳֶصľȫ˷ַָ޿κΡڹǻҪڹǣؼǣһ޼䣬򶼴򲻵Ǵʱյļ϶С
߻ʳ֯ųԭ㡣㾹ȻѾͶҹ硣Ϊҹ߹ū͡ǿϧ̾ݻĴ߻ʳΪѾˣħ֮·ײб壬ѾΪˣ׻Ѫūɱ¾Ϊо߻ʳΡ
ΪһħͿ޼ôħȻǿ󣬿ɳǸǿҪսǱ۾͸һսѪħţ޼᲻ݣɳǣǼ᲻ɴݡ˭ǿ˭˭ȥ
üʱһ䣬ӣѾռ죬߻ʳū۵׻ѪҲȳİգھϣܵ޷ݵĥҽͨĥˡִˣͨ޷ģֻʱ޸
ĴˣĿúǴ߻ʳݻ٣̲סŭաѾЩѺеĴ߻ʳȫҪ
Ҫҵķʽȥ
ڶԣÿ춼дħ䣬ÿ춼кҵ뵽Уοռ䣬ÿʱÿ̶ڱȫµҿռ䡣
ܶħƴϴڸУЩȴޱĥʹ࣬ʹлȡͷÿҵգɲǿЦģͬԳܵʹࡣ
ÿУֻҪҵ٣ǰһƬ
Ļʳͳͳ
֮£֮
ˢ
ڻʱɳֱӴ޼״̬лָΪʵڡ޾⸡֣ÿһ嶼ڷ⡣ػ⻷Χɳת
ײ
ûκζȻҪսǾֱ̬𹥻ɳǿľǳ̣᲻ɴݣǿᵽ£󡣴ﵽ𼶣Ѿײ̨ײ֤䱾ǿս
ĺã
֯ųĿãзһЦ
ȻͲþǰľٶ޴ħٴ
飡
ֲľ촫һΣɳײԶ֮ǰҪǿĶ࣬ǿֲĶ࣬ȫǾֹʱ·һֻţ֮ǰ
һײħǿбѪħţҲˡϴݳӲĴ
ⲢûжѪħţ̫ˣֻ˺һξͻȻ䣬ħջڣȻһͷ­Ϊģ·ƽɽһ㣬޾ɳײ˹ȥͷţǣɢ޾ħ⣬˸޾Ѫת
ƺ޾ӿͨĳزԤΰڣ嫵ӿڡ
ײ
һײǰҲҪײ顣
ôᣬô񱩡
ǿֱǿ¡
ܸоҪĹ˲ͻײ촷۶ڡֲ̫ˣ̫ײˡ
ɳڣգͨеĹǿߣһڹۿһսе𺳣޷ݣǵ֪
أǸоԼһֵסͻڹɢ
¡¡
Ѫħţͷ­ײɳϣǶţǣ·ԶأײһУƲ񷡣ħţɳǣͬʱˣµӿ
Ȼ˸൱
ѪħţӵԨħ֣˵ԨħֻħڣһöԨħģħУԨħѪħѪ̺ǿƽʱɱʱħѪжңУĺľѪǾħѪڹؼʱ̣ǿȼħѪ˲䱬ʮħѪȫȼմħʧȥħɾ޴ƻ˭֪һöħѪ֧ŶãħѪ
ӿ˵
١̫Ե
жǿȼվѪڴ׾ڣ뷭졣
侲ĿѪħţһһϺȣɽ𢣬ǳۣɽ޽
·̺ĳֲ˼ΰȻȻĳڴ׾ڣɳϿա
ǵ۾۾ٻô
ǵ۾ӦսУǸ֧֣۾һ֮
װǻһлȣҪ׳ԼһֻǣȻвûдװյ
ǣڻ¼䣬ܿһɳͬʱʼ⣬ɳ£ƺһ
ˢˢˢ
޾ۣһͨÿһɳг𣬻Ϊһֱƿնȥǰķ򣬺Ȼɳڵλá
˳ڤڤеĸӦ˲ͿԽصľ롣գۼ䣬Ϳɳܣƾճ֣ڳֺ󣬺ԥһɳСÿһɳǵ˲䱩ǡǧɳʱɳͻȻ䣬йâ
ôֱӳѪħţٴײȥ
飡
һײ
Ѫħţˡ
Ȼײ˲䣬ɡͷţǵ۶ϡײԴϣţͷҲײķѣѪħţͷײûˣײˡ
ۣ
ţͷͬʱܿһӰͷ­б˳ͬʱеѪȪ㣬ӿĴĿġ˾̾
ܣôܻħΪʲôᱻײ飬һ۳ǣôܻôǿҲš
ֵģ֯ų˿̵ȫһƬŵı顣
һħȻײԴȫǲ˼顣Ѫħţ̵ĵطţǣţͷ


1747 ħͫ
ţţͷһ¾ײˣײˣһ˲䣬ܸܵȫɽȫ޷ֵΰ֮ȫ֮ǰĽޣ֮ǰа취⣬ܹȼħѪ˿ɳѷɫһ˲ͱˡ

ɫƽĿ֯ųһˣûںħһֻϧѾħģľħ졣ˣħ¡ǵУûеߡֻѡ
ɳǱȷʵҪѹסѪħţôס
ããá
֯ųЦЦУƺܸܵһֲʣһַŭȻ
÷ͣ¡
׵۹Ȼ׵ۣԽ֣ʰܵĲԩΪӮôҲһѣͷߣһԴٳſͷ­ɱһңǧǧҡңҴ߻ʳôùԴ߻ʳˣѪΪƷħͫΪý飬ѪΪ֮Դ׵۳׵۳аգÿҹؽ걻ޱʹࡣֱΪ֮˳
֯ųһĨ֮ɫ
ˢ
һֻ۾ͷֻܿ۾ֳһľӨ͸۾Уƺܿһ°ĹתɢаϢ˲һֺ⣬ӹð궼·Ҫᣬָоʮֿ¡
ⲻǱģǴ߻ʳеһңħһ챦ݱɡ߻ʳȫħħҹǿң¹ܹսõħͫΪǿ߻ʳսħֻǿϧã߾ͱˡ
֯ųǽһʹ
бﶼòϣǺɱ顣
Ȼ䱾ҲǼǿ̫ɢħ⣬ϣֱܹ꣬ӱԪ񣬶ɼǿƻ൱¡
֮ħȴõϣĴ󲹡
֯ųȻֱΪƷ߻ʳĹ룬ǿ䡣
쵰֮ȻҲҶҴ׷䣬ԣѾҪˣ˶Ǵ׺ùǸɶ񡣡
߻ʳӦñ𣬾ȻұĳҴʩ䣬ǧвŶԡ
֯ų䣬˲伤ŭգһڤڤѾо֮ƺڿʼӡ
һѪɫķɵͬʱ֣ڷɵһۿȥ˸оУо޾Ŀ־壬ڳֺ󣬺Ȼľͳħͫ˽ȥȻںһͿħͫУһѪɫ䵶·һѪɫ£Ҳɵһ㣬ת󣬱Ī⣬а졣
ͷ꣬ͷߣһͷٳſͷ׵ۣҹе㣬
Կ֯ų¶֮ɫһЦһΣȻûдݻɳǣȴ׵۳İ䣬ڣװգؽ޾ĥǲûȻֻҪһ룬ޱȿοĳޱȣǱ˳ˡ
Ϳ֯ųƾձƬһһ¾ħͫУȥͬʱܿħͫϽ֯ĵԽԽŨƺܿħͫƺһֻۡһ˿˿ɫ»ڻת
ֻħͫ·е̫ǲĳصϵԴԴϵ»֮޾̫У֯۷֮Ҳ뵽ħͫСΪħͫһ֡
ܿһԴԴϵ
һ



գۼ䣬ܿʮ˵֡
Ѿ鱦еļƷƷ鱦֮ǿȻ֪
˳ڤڤеϵѾݵ׵۳аڡ䣬޷ָ̫ԵȫԹΪýת
һɣҪȥ
ͬһ鱦
俪ʼʱѾ޷ֹ
Ľ۾ͬˡ
ɫУȻ¸սʼʱ֯ųѡҹҪҹӳǿսħ֮ͫҹʼӳáһ׵۳ա
ңڣ׾ڰգѾʼ˷Ӧ
ʹʲô
۾ҵֱôͻȻһֻ۾̥ǣͼڣôһǰûУôͻȻðԣ֮ǰҲö۾̥ǣһöǽɫģһöɫģЩͬ
ҲУҳλںϡҲɫģ䣬Ǵ߻ʳµ䣬Ľһġӡǡ
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£Ҫŵ۾۾һа취ģĽ۶ûа취ˣΪϽݾǿǣҲӵвѷɫκǿǡһΣһ˵ǻܻȡĺôΪá
׵۳Уռͬһʱодһʹָоͷ·ڣһʲôǿ˽ȥһȴںһ
һֻɫ۾ϡԭȵĽۻһÿ϶ֽ˫۵̥ǡ
˵ʵڣѾΪ׾յһκݱǶҪĸӵˡ
Ȼ죬֮ȷʵ¡
Ҳоüдһ˿ʹһֻɫħͫӡǳüλãͳԭȽ۵λãӡǽ֯һ˸ŽɫĹԡһĪĸо
ϧǽҴյ䣬ħͫҴˣǾҴײϵ٣޷ѱ۵׷١
вûоš
ֻҪҳѹ˵Խ
ֻҪѹС
⣬Ǵóһ㡣Ľ۾Ǳѹġ
ʱ򣬴׿ɻûдﵽĲΣֻǻʳӲҪ˵ڣѾﵽ۳˸ǿ̸ǿ
ħͫ۳
췢һϺȡ
һ䣬ޱ˴־Ӳħͫ鱦յ£Ҫܾ޴ѹ뷴ɡѹޱȾ޴󣬸һˡ
˲Ϳ׽Ͽաһֻɫħͫƾո֡ա񣬲ںηĸֻܵħͫܵеа¡
Ѫǣѹ
ħֺͫ󣬺ԥѪǵѾѹȥ


1748 Ԩ
ܿѪУһɰѹ糱ˮħͫѹȥУħͫڵĿռ䣬׽䱾壬ܵ޾ѹѪǵս⣬ޱӢ־ħͫϡ
ԴԴϵѹƹȥƺҪħͫѹס
ħͫǿΪ鱦ǼƷ鱦ȷʵޱǿ
ֻѪǿɲκ鱦ѷɫ嫺򣬻ȡ˴Ӣ־ӳ֣֮ǰ˵Ѿͬˣǻʳǵ۳Ķ۳ڲţۺ£Ļۣ糱ͬˮǴߡ
УħͫѪǵѹ
ֻħͫû־ܵĴ㣬һⲻϵⱬһգһıƺҪƿѪǵĽ
ھײ

ֻһ߿ţѪŨѪһ޴ޱȵѪɫӳƿնףͷǣצۣеһУɼΪɾ޴Ѫ̺Ǵ׻ʳѪӢĲִ޾սɡ
ѪڿճűħͫɱȥһצܱܿߵĿռһչ¶ǿֲ

ڱħͫУһ·ţĺҲ޾¹ħͫ˳һֱصĿ־ϯķ𣬾ȻηĳѪ˹ȥһҪ̬֮
ֻǺܿ£ܺǿȴûпѪǵ
һɱ󣬺ܿͱѹȥ
ѪȻʧ
ɴڣħͫѹʱסܴݳ֮ܵӦòڻҴװ˺ھͿ䵽׻ʲôı֡ɲҪñʧźá
аԳ
ܸоڵԱ룬Ӧģ£䣬˵統ʱһһĺô
Σһ컯Ȼ컯ҪƿԼвС
ҪԸ˻ЩѲ׵䣬л治¡ֻҪѿһΧڣǾĪĻԵʲôþµġ
۾䣬˵һľϲѾҪִҹôܸܵ
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۵ǿǸܵˣڣӵǿ˵ǣһУ컯ʹ࣬ջ
иջ
ܺãȫԽܡ
׾ڵİգΪ֮͡
ΣѾˣ漴һ䣬һεдݹȥ
Ϊ׵ۣдҹʱ֣ħͫ佫ᱬ赣ǣת壬Ҵ񣬲κεУͬڡţ䣬޷Ҵװյļᶨ־䣬Ԫʴ
һ˲Ϣ䣬׵۳ڡ嫺ڣѪСֻҪǴ׽ڣ
£ɡ۾ͬڡ
ڷǿ֧ŹǴ壬Ҳһ֧Ź䣬ֻҪǾͻǱøǿɣǴװգξ䡣ղջһú
У¶ᶨ֮ɫ
ܶն䣬һǿĻᡣ
ֻҪͻǱøǿ
һ㣬ޱȼš
⣬ͽܷѪħţΪһħš
пɫ䱬ʱһʱ䣬ĿѪħţϣܿħȻײţǣײͷ­ȴûе£ͷ­ڲϻָȻոյƣԶˣĺԨħ֣ħû飬Ǿһжꡣ
ˣҪѪħţͽ
Ŵͣ¶һ𾪵ı顣
һħؼ䣬۽սϵľɱоȻҪƳͽֱ̫˼ˡ뷨
ϸ룬ΪʲôͲءһɹĻǿɾǲˣͽʲôսǼֱǳһ
۾ˣǳɹ˵۱ħҪǿ
ȫԽ¡ҹϣݺݵĲһš
ͽΪһšħӦҲһǳɹٻѪħţǽôսϣݺ޵Уҡ
Ƴͽ
ĲѪħţʵϣ΢һҲ޷ݺ޵еĴڣԿɳǵ˲䱩һء
ԳԡʧܶҲûӰ죬ҪǳɹˣǾͿջһսؼǣҪѪħţڵԨħĸӡԨħУ϶Ԩħĸӡһ־޴
ӿ˵
Уؼһ⣬һˣδһ¡
ţУӦÿĸ׵ĸ׵ӡĥĻȫСϾĸԨħĸ֮䣬Ҳ໥Ĵڡ
ʵ֮ǿ޷ġ
ţǾһԡɹˣǾһױȵĴջ񡣡
׵ͷйâ˸
νСģġĲܣûйϵġӦУһʵء
ͽ
ûгɣһ䣬ſ³һ
ʱͿƳУһõƾճ֣Уִһ޷أ·ܸܵ޾Ԩͨ޷ڡ
ţۺͳѪħţ˹ȥ
ѪħţƺܵʲôܵľҪԶߡ
Ȼܵش֯ųҲ䣬еֻǱܣûа취ɳǰѣֻ΢΢һͱһ˽ȥصƾճ֣ѪħţڡȻ䣬ʹʧʧˣǱѹɳǺ֮ء
Ҫɳǵΰһ㽫ѹΪһ塣
ǿķҪ治סֻǣɳУ뷭졣
ܸܵħǿ󿹾ϵҪţгֻǣɳԴԴϣ嫰ǰЩֻͽ͡ڼȡѪħţԴһʵɱ䡣һȫͽ۳εһ̡
ԨԨ
Ųϱ۳ʱͻȻ䣬ܿѪħţڣ׵Ĵݳϵƺٻĳֹ϶صĴڡָоʮֿ¡ޱˡ
һε־ͻȻ֣Ѫħţڡ
ǵ־ڳֵ˲䣬Ϳʼϯķ˶־塣ܵܵ޾Ԩǰ
ĸ׳
ӷź


1749 ͽ ħ
ڻһʱͿһ־˲併٣ڡͬʱ·ܿһ޴֣棬Ȼһ޾ڰеΰڣڵĴڲ趯ɢµϢͷ·𿴵޾Ԩ˲١
׹Ԩ
޷ѡ
־ȻȻľͲ档ֲĽ棬ȫǳġпԸоȴȫ޷⣬ֻоʱ䣬ռ䣬ȫʧȥ壬䣬ȫֻΰӰ޷ݡǾǵǾһеĸԴԴ
֪ȥá
գлָʱ־ѾʧѪħţڵԨħĸӡҲȻȻʧΪС
ǵţɱʵΪһڵĹš
ѪħţһϣѾȫȥͳôһš
ͽѪħţؼ䣬ûбܴаħ֮ɳ֮ΪħšģһǿѪħţиܵɢϢҲǰһĲ˵ħű壬Ͳκ鱦ѷɫӿ£ͽٻ֮šµĴħ
ͽħţ
΢Ҳʼԣһ䣬ͽſȻ䣬һڵħѾɳǰǰ·ƳǱӦôڵһһ
𣡣
ڵħУƺϵħ̽УţͿһѪħţ̤˳ϸȥһħϣ֮ǰѪħţûκ𣬶һɲֻСֻаɸߡȴһεѹ
۷սѪħţȫңУӵҳڴ׵ӡҳϵ
иܵеѾ֪һħսﵽʲôΣħ׳սϣĽײεǿ߲ɱɿսʤ֮ʮײаԵ
ңⲻֻǿ۷ħֻҪķԸ֮ȻȻǿǵƷʵӵĽףףף߽׵ʵ
ңħڿռ䣬ڣ̺һϵĶռ䡣ռ䣬ЩħȻ档ǿԲϻ۵ġ
һ۵һΣǾǵصħս֮ǿȻɳǴ޴档
ϲˣջǿһͽӴԺͽҲʵˡ
һ˷ܵ˵
νѪħţΪͽǾһ󴴾٣е壬ǽȻͬġ
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ҹѾˡħͫΡ
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ʼˡ
ˢ
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Ȼٴħͫ׻ʳаڴݹȥһ̫»ɢơÿ˳̫֮ܵʮޡϡϡ֮ſʼ

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һ̫֮͸одǿҵĺ䣬һƺ濪ʼӡ
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ң⻹ꡣһ˲䣬Ϳһɫƾճ֣һնϣԪϡһֱǱ̹ǡ궼һ±˺ѣǣ⵶иû뿪꣬вϴȻȻĶɸ˺ƻν൱ײС
ÿиһΣܿСڰƺġ
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ܴ꣬ҲſʼָڻָĹУش׽֮뵽УУڱǿ׳󡣵õһԸܵĴ
ҵøǿˡ̫֮ô档
Ȼʹ࣬ҵķԪ񣬶ڸոյУõеʱ߷飬ֱǿĸоʮǿȷоġ
ֻҪܱǿһʹʲôֻҪǳһжֵõġ̫ǣ̫ǴԪҹꡣһͨҲߵĸӳԶ
װڸ֮ܵɢõ£˿֮ǰʹǶôѰ飬ͲĸһЩԼõĴһЩ
õǿ׳Ƕʿ˵Ըĸؼĵϣ򣬶ͨĴø죬һϵеܼӿԪһеһУĺô
ܺãѾֻ䣬һֶͣ߻ʳô໵£Σһκ¡аԵͷħͫɱø죬ıԴѪٶȱЩεĺô
ʵ̫޴ˡ
ˢ
ʱ׵۳Ѿ׽ħͫ˲䣬ͻȻ䣬һѶϢݵеԺСһ棬һӰǱģ֯ų
׵ۣ㿴ʱӦѾħͫþȣʺħͫ״ţĽ۶ûκףһΣħͫҲ϶޷䣬£޴ô壬Ǵ꣬ݴӦûú⡣Ǳ͸׵ļ񡣡
ѶϢУ֯ųɰȻ¶߷緶֮ǰȫǲͬľȻΪǽȻͬˣ̬ȣ飬֮ǰȫͬ
֯ųԱ¶ħͫܶԴ̫вĺô£ǲôġȴƫƫôˡ


1750 
΢΢üȻû뵽ῴЩ֯ų׼ҪȻħͫһѶϢӡǡԤġ
֯ųЩˡ
׽Ĵ߻ʳݻ٣ֳޣ޷ģڹġĥһ㣬֮ǰ֯ųƴҪٵƳǵľٶܿǲϧһдۡ
ֻҪлᣬһ㶼
ȻⲢҪʲô
֪Դ𲻵ãȴƫƫҪôǾͿ϶Ŀڡ
ҪΪʶ׵ĳ޾ʹڣǲ죬ҲǲݣֻЩҲǺùҴ߻ʳ䵽أѲ˸ϵˣҲù׵ӦѾµҴ߻ʳ֧֡һ㣬ȷʵûң֧֮⣬ҹаħ
Ǹ豾ħͬططмһ£Ȼ׹ҹ֮ǰţа취ϧһжˣѾҹҴ߲ױƣʲģߵĳһ롣
֯ųȻҹҲмǿԹ֮ġ
ԹޣĲʡȫ޷ͻ
ΪˣȻ˸׼
µĺ֡
һΣҪˣҲһϢҪΪǱʺģⲻҪʵܵѡ
Ȼ֯ųҪԴͷų⣬Ҫһľ棬˭˭ĳˣǶĵľ档
Ҫ䣬Ҫ´ңײ˳ģ׵۲죬ֵĻ
ʾãһЦڡ
еɫ΢΢Щѿ֯ų˶֡ȫΨ²ңƫƫҪ˵飬ԼòܲҪָ֪о˺ˡ
ң֯ųģֻһѾ׼õӰѣû˼ֻǽԤµѶϢ˵ѡͺһͶӰһ㡣
ҹаħѾнγ֯ΪͷߡͷҹеĻޣֻҪһͷǿͷ­ҲٳǾаħطУ˲̽˱ǨһΣǾͷǰġȻûж˺ȴþͷʧһħʹ졣ͷߣ޴ڡԸǣͷӣ£һػءܲҵͿǵı¡
ɣɱ¾ɡͷߵ͸Ѿ׵۳ʼˡڴһ졣
֯ų췢Цһοı顣
º֯ųѾԺʧµѶϢѾ״ϡΨһĿģҪУͷھ׵۳С
ȥǣȻҵĴһܡԽңԽѪԽá
Ҫġ
һ֯ųĹȻڰ˶֡ҹȻдͨңħֻͨ·ͬСɡͷߣҪ߸Ҵ׵۳Ҫһӡӣ澹Ȼоͷ߻ء
еɫǺܺÿ
ͻϢĿɲֻ鷳ѣ൱鷳ڵӣݣƿ֮ڣɳǱ鲼˷鷳ɱȴ߻ʳҪĶࡣ
ˮڣҹս۶ɱˣѵһȺ¶ĵ󡣲żֻҪ¶μǾͱٲػȥͷѣͷҲô򵥡
һս·һߡĲ˵һսջǼġ
ûгɣħֱֻͫʥҺϴ䳹ͬʱҲ֮뵽УһΪµֻ۾
ѸװգԴ֮󣬽۸̫֮ۡħ̫̫֮֮ͫۡǣ̫»ꡣҴף
̧ۿգֻһһֻͬʱ֣У˸Ĺԣ⽫Ǵ׵ֻ۾ͬҲǴеС
֯ųôģһΣĸôӵĵ̡̫壬̫꣬ΪװգʵĻȫԿٳɳ롣
ֻҪŬĳ̶ֳϣܳɲţϣᳬˣ׵۳ʥءٰ֪գʿԼ׶֮͡Ϊ֮
Ȼ̫壬̫ꡣģǸ°յĸҪȡ߸ǿĴҪķѹѫ׵㣬ǱҵȵȣȨޣȡʸ񡣿ĴǿȡǲܵġҪշѣǸ°յһּ붯
ûĿ꣬һζ裬ǻεķչԲȡġ
̫ۣ̫֮֮ۡǴ׵ֻۣ̫ˣȻΪ񣬲ܵ˲˼Ĵǰ޷ġ
Ҫ֪ĺôǰͰͲô׿ǴߡȻͶףõѡ׵Ĵȣ֮ǰΪһ֮Ҳµӣ硣ǰûа취ȡʥӦе󡣡
ҵ죬̫壬̫꣬жӵеĴֻҪףܻȡĺôֱκ鵤ҩҪ档ֻг׼ףȡ켮ǼѶϢܵõЩԺ󣬿϶еʦֵΪ֮ġ
еĻݳȥʱ׵۳ڣ϶¶ԵЦ⡣ڣҪǻܳɳǾǳ׵׵ķˡ
дŵӣҲӿֳȵͷ
ף׼ףǻȡĴ˵κԴʵ̫ˡ꣬ǹغһĸ
бҪһĺ
ܶи߲㶼Էһ
ջʿ˵ջ̫ˡҪǲȥľɢˣͲôˡ
зص۹
«ɽУ֮ǰɳҲɽУȻܵƻȴûгױݻ٣ɷ棬޸ĻᣬֻҪķһԴ޲Ǩư˿ڽȥ޸ֻΨһϧľ֮ǰİգûа취ֻ˵磬޴ڣʱпܷ
䣬Ѱ
֪ͨȥһƷ󳼣֪е
һŲ
ǣ۾
Ӧ
Щ꣬ʵҲڷΪֹѾûжܹʵﵽʲôΡֻ֪ڵ۹е̣ȫ𾴣׳ҲҶ䲻


1751 Ӧ
ܿ죬һƷس׷֪е
жףü˼һʮصı顣
۾ټǰǷҪ̡
Ƴ忪ѯʵ
ʱͻȻټǣһ֪鲻򵥣·ͬСɡ
пУسѾŴһǿߡ
ţδ֯ųе֪һ£ҹѾ͸ϮѾаħ룬ңǴ׾ڣͷߣйƻĸʿͶҹͷ߾ҹһӣңڣӣ£ػء
Ҳûģǿεˣ˵ü˼棬һһ£ӦԣҹûСƹ
ǵֶΣ¡
ҪȻһԪҲǰҵĵز
пԿ϶ͷѾʼԴ׽͸еһǾͲңǾʲôֶΣҲѷֱ棬Ψһȷǣ׾ڵգӦûûб͸͸ģǴ׻Ұеʿ
ͷߵϢ˲ôһƬȻ
ÿһ϶¶֮ɫҹǿԹģ֮ǰҹսģʵǱɽһǣĵʵһ֪Ҫ㾡ȫǱȻֲƻǿߣûг֣ǱС
ҹ͸ֶΣ˭֪¡
ҹȻ磬ǾͿ϶һͨͨյĸԴǲͨǽһͷ߻أҲ޲˵նһͷٳͷͷ˸Դֻᴦڱ֮УԴĿġ
¿˵
൱Ѳһ⡣
ˣǾα겻αͷʹޱȡ
۾Ҫֹױͷ͸ǾͱҪֶβУǴ׵̫ۣ̫֮֮۾ֻۣͨķʽԼķ飬ֻҪҹϢȫԽ۵ɱУѲģЩͶҹˣǲѱġ
ڼҲ˵
Ҫֻҹֶ±͸ģȫԽ۵޳ҪͶ壬ûһ㣬ͺѲˡϾҲܵġֻһķá
ȴ͸ġǱˣ˭ˣ䲻֪ҹƻĵֶΣԲߡһ㣬ûĺð취Ӧԡ
ױ䰡
Щ̫ǣͷŹ죬Ҳ׳ڴУοټĵ۳װգǳһЩ棬ҲǺЩıƣǺҴ׵ĸˮڣ۲ϲϲȻ֪ͷߣңѾȷһͷ߻أǾҵݻҴ׾ڣֻҪһͷ߻أǾʹݻһһԱǾնɱһϢ
жȻ˵
£ûеڶֿܡֻǿƵӦԣܴս
۾ʥ
ȺҲһĨɫͬ
ôһ·һδʤУѾô£ӵһǿţһֲκ飬
ҹսɱˣһͷߡ
һͷǾͿſͷ㻹ô
ҪˣǸա˭˭
ͯʡ
׵ͷͯʡ
΢ڡ
ͯǰһӦ
ͷǴݻһأɻظ࣬Բ׻ԺֵȫȨѰҾͷ߻֮£ҵǣݻǣûһ񡣡
пѯʵ
۾ģֵΪ¼ڵġЩֵ꣬ͬǳصġѾһ̽Ǳڸأյء̽£ͷ߾ص΢ҲţһѲֵ׷飬һܹȺһһڳ
ͯһ촽ŵ˵
ܺãʵ㣬֣кܶҪҴ׺ôЩŵӣʮֲѡδһֺķʽԳһ¡
׵ͷ˵
ŵӽֵУǺʣʵϵľ޴ɱ䡣ŴСƣһȺĴڣʿʵϣֵεģϾͽܣȿʵġʳȺɳԶеҪ׵Ķ࣬׵ǿߡ
ǣ۾
ͯ۾һ׳ֵһκûᣬȻݴ
ţһٴȷʵáţĵ̡ݴ̽һŶҴ׵̬ȡһͳ嫺ڲ⣬ҪӡҪó³̡
˵
嫺ڣѾӽһͳǴûκԸġģǽɳŲƹȥû˭ỳһ㣬Ҳ⡣Ĳ࣬ǻУҲֻǶҰȴʱѡЩС¡޹شš
ˣЩ飬Ƚ嫺򳹵ƿأˣʱѺ󡣡
׵ͷ˵
ûã˷׷ȥ
ֵҲʼתһ̽ٵĳӣݶȥдڣҪǰķѵʱ䣬ԶԶеҪݵĶࡣ
ֵУν˲żüãԭȽе£඼޵ֵУÿһһ֮ضĻ£ԷӳǿĹЧ
ңֻҪ񣬶ܻȡԴѫٶȻɿ죬кУ˵ľĵκܱȵϴ׹ٷŶҪ̡
˳֯ųṩѶϢһ̽Ǳ뵽ӣ£Ӻ׿ʼ̽飬л֧ǿߣˮ¿νϤĺܣ̽ɡ
һ̽飬Ȼһ˿ߡѰ¡Ѿȷͷ߻λãȻڶĿռ֮ڣֵȻзҳռ䡣
ֻǣ̽ǱƬռУȴ֣ǴأѾ׷ԭȵľͷ߳ԱȻѾ;ʧˣ¿յĻأǽȥ󣬲֪ʲôռ䣬ֿռƻȻòֵ̽С
ֵ˲СĿ
ͷ߿νǸһ
ñŵͯʵˣɫһأҲӵ
˼ͷ߹Ȼͨ󣬹Ī⣬Ȼǰ֪ر¶ٰȫѸٳ벻˵壬˸ȻС
еõϢ󣬵Ȼ૵
ЩĹ֮ڣѾֵţͯʻĴˣҲѹơϵѹǵռ䡣
ƣڱźá
ʱȻţ֪Уǰ¹ȥ
һ죬ƳϿգ֣֡


1752 嫺һͳ
ܿдݳһǿҵϲ˷֮ɫܿԴԴϵˣ˷۶צۿɼٶÿ䣬ӵǧɣ֪УѾǧɵľء
ʱ䣬ţȡĽ֮ǰ֪϶١ЩĵˣʹټϣһɳǷֲȥ˿ڷɢȥɳڵĶʮ׵սѾȫɢȥԭȵĴ˿ڡ
嫺ɵա
ڴ켮еǼǵ˿ʮ׵ľ˵ز
Ȼֻȫ׸ɳǣһ֣ѡγӪУ˾һҡ⽫õıԴ׶սڡͳ׵۳ĸǾְҵˡ
ְҵ˵ݣǽӣǾͶƽСȢӣû
⾪˵˿ڣô׺Ȼľͽ죬½أȫƿУңʼܱ߽з䡣ƿȻܱ򣬵ԴԴϵĵ
֮кĶʮ˿ڴˣͬǺġ
䣬ͬӴˣЩ˾תΪ۳ˣ˴룬ҲһСĿľϾﵽǧɡ
һۿȥǾһȻ
ܿצֺȫֳһǿҵ˷ܣͻȻ䣬ʼƣԶιȥһΣ纣ӡٶȼ죬һɳϿգڻҰдΡ
ݣӥߵѩݣӣݡ
ߣڴÿһ置֮ϣɳеİգֻҪ̧ۣȺ󿴵ΰӰٶȼ죬ΣֻҪдɳǵĵط˲Ϣ
̬·ѲԼ
˵ݡ
֪ԼƬء
צӰ鲼嫺
֪УѾһȦ
ǻ棬°˵ޱ𺳡
ոǾǴ׵۳ôǣ̫ˣһȥƺͷҲβ·УӰ
ഫ˳еĸոģֻǧɣʵ̫ˡǹǴף˲¡
̫ˣУζţǴ嫺ȫƿ֮У嫺һͳȫΪǴ׽ӴԺ󣬿˭ҿ壬ǴסͲ֪ʲôʱʥͥ
ĿצķѲӽĻ棬еϲøԵչֳ
ȫܹϿĵ
˳Ϊ壬򣬳ǣʣۣʥɣ졣ΪɫɫɫɫɫɫɫɫϽ
飺㡾һɡʮɡߡɡǧɡצǧɡצһɡצʮɡצɡצϽǧɡ
£˳飬ɳӦĲβܵõ
ǵ۳Ҫצһʱʸش棬λõɱھɱ䣬ȻҪһξ롣
ֻҪװչ׽̽ԴԴϣ˵ĵֳһֱʽʱʵʱ̡
ʱڣδزܴﵽ۳һĲΡ
Ȼﵽһһ£ͻ벻ͻƣһ£ﵽɿԼﵽߵľأЩڽ󣬰Ӧıתɸ߲ε֮
Խĵ͸㡣
ϲ۾Ҵһͳ嫺Դ֮嫺֮ڣҴΪΪ𡣡
۹УȺ׷׳аݼ϶¶һԵЦݡһ̣嫺ڣΪͳΣɳǣѾ鲼򣬽ɽͼˮ嫺ָоǰδС嫺򶼹ף壬չֳĵʵ
ռһ򣬲ʸΪһ巢
һ̣ײʸ
ٲǰһ֮Ϊһ˳ое顣
һ㶼飬ôǿ
ܺãѸ£һͳ嫺ͬ죬κδ񣬿ȡһʮöһͨһʾף
Ҳ¶Ц⡣
̱ʽһͻƣȻӦףңҪͬ졣ֲ֣Ҫ°һϲ졣ףʽǸ°գףǮ⣬ơԲϵͬ졣ʵϵĽ
ȺҲ¶ϲ֮ɫҲ֪Լҵ۾Ը񣬾ԲġҪʵϡȻ˺ķѾ޴ĲԴֻЩڴ׷˶Ĺ˵ȫǾţһë
Уʳ֣׸ڲ£ÿ궼УǴƬƬ֣ÿһʱ䣬кͷųС
Щɻףңɵףѡ
УҲһ
Щ꣬뵾֮䣬ȫһĬ
׵󲿷ֶǵϣЩȵѣˣǣĵˡγһԵѭ
ڴ׵۳УѾ뵽СѾΪϰΪĴڡ뵾˵Ըйصģػڣϲϲػְ𡣿ͬ顣ǡǡǴҪĶ
۾ʴȣ°գȻԵ۾ж¡
Ц˵һ㶼ŹƨĻᡣ
ҴѾһͳ嫺򣬽Ҫģɽףؽɽѡ£͸ѡЩҪλһŬôױøǿ°գĸáʥء
п˵
δСʣҲһ˾飬Ҫ˲ţԱһŬ
ţ˴ţѾľҴ׵̣˲ŴѾĴңһΣҲ˿ڣص˲ţȻԣ飬Ҵ׿ԿƣΪвѧ֮ˣ򿪽֮š
˵дһ˿Ȼ
£ڴ˵һü޵⣬˲Ŵһ۳˵֮ء
飬ҴȷʵҪ¿ʼ˲š
ֻг˲Ŵ֧Ǵ׸ȥټٻŲǴ¡
УȺͣվģˣǻ˼룬ͨˣվĸߣҲԶ
ƣǽ˲÷֮һ
Ա֤˲ŴҲܱӦ˲ų⣬زۣܹǽô֮࣬޷
ãһº󣬿ƣ䲢ء
׵ͷһ飬ʾͬ


1753 
ƾҪûдﵽޣǾͿƣ飬ǰҪǾͿƣ˳£˻ᷢԣõȺ֧֡һΣҲѡȡ˲ŵĻǴЩҹūжȻսЩתİգȻѪͬ˼δı÷
Ҫʱȥḻһɳ
ڴģһһԡ³ɳһǵ˼룬ѧʶĶԽӣʱǴֵʱ̡
˵һȫΪǴһ¿ʼ״̬ҪɳߵһΣҪʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ǵ޷ȴġ
Ǵװգû
ǴϿɵ
һ㣬ǲΪκԭıġ
Ȼںܶ׵ɳ֮ȴǳϲȻǴֽȴ׽̻ģңУǷԹе𾴣ȥҲκεԥoУǾϵͽǿġ
һͳ嫺Ѫ嫺ͨһ飬ⲿҪƣÿȥһ죬ѶȶֻҪȥȻøٹ̡
嫺֮УȫȶҰУɴŴɳǣطֳ֣һ壬һ塣һһҰ
嫺һͳûУڻҰе壬Ҫעɳǣʱ̾裬һκζ뼴ϱھսУиţڣʱ׼ҰΧ塣У嫺ռ½أɱ½ظǴ󺣣̺Σգȱ濴Ҫࡣ⺣ͬҪ취ƿ֮ڡ
п˵
ǽҪٵ⣬ȻҲǼ飬ͼ֮õİ취
ڵĴ󺣣ɲͨĺ򣬺Ŵˮ壬Щ壬ûƵĻȫ׳һ˾ĵز
½û⣬ɳһ·ѹȥɴиôȷʵֵ֣ǣڣȻ룬ȴȫʧһֵⲿȻ֮һ൱ǿ󣬱Ͼǵݣʹŵλ
ǵıɽɲˡֻǲ˶ѡ
УһЩˮ壬ʵǿĺܡһ۳Ⱥϯ۵൱£ЩǾ޴ǰѹƣڿûУֻԱռصأڶ׳ָ溣飬˳̨
ҪôǱô
ҪȻеôĶ֪
صǿߣɲǽꡣ

еǾԲֻѣֻ֮ǰԵüΪǿƣѣУŮһ壬壬Ǻ壬ˮнȣʮǿʮ־ˡսǿ
ഫʮǿòϣϼûֻ̫ǣʺˮУˮɺ棬ķпˮƿˮ飬ǴߡӵмǿսͬСɣսȺӵиˮпƼչΪ貵˵е˹ǺеһԱȻǲģδ֪
Щǲܲġ
Ҫ취顣
½ռˣɺлδ֪
۾΢ΪǿԴ֧塣ֳ֮Ϊ壬һѪ׽ˮ򣬿ˮ棬ɺȫ׿ߣΪҴȷĿԺڲ̽顣
ڼǰ˵
ЩڴзչҲ൱ûⲿвȻңͨ飬ĺУͬӵвֽѪԶˮ׺͡壬õˮ֣ܶͽҪ뺣ʱѰѪĶѡ
ȫɿͬ顣ؼʱ̣ܹġ
һ㣬еõ֤ʵ
ʵġ
ԣڴУ൱㣬Ѫ壬ûյӣ൱ء
ţǷ֮һα겻α
׵ͷ˵
ܽ󲿷⡣
۾΢ΪδزƿغƿغĹؼˮ޷ʱˮ棬ǿɺҲܵӰ죬սᱻѹƣҷΪԴ췢ߣǿս磬սʺڴսķսѹƺǿʵ
ͻȻ˵
Ŷ˼ǣսѲӺ򣬶Ժγ塣
۾һ˵
ǴһսͼΪʺѲӺǾǾ޾սսһɣͿͬ޾һ㣬ںΣںΣ뺣ףͬľ޾һ㣬αװЧڹؼʱ̣Գ䲻⡣ң칤󻹿ԶԾ޾սи죬սøǿȫʺںкսˣɽҴ쵽֮С
ּ˵
ҪƿغǾͱҪ嵽кʱսǺܺõһֽݾ޾սǱ죬ȫʤΡ
ţⲻȷʵСֻǣһչˮкңһ־޾սȫ׵󣬻Ҫս͵ˮսʺϺϺµս
һ˿漴Ϳ˵
һ൱Ľ顣ȫֵóԡ
ǽбŵĴ㣬ѾʼԺ
۾ҼǵչһЩƷУмսĹͼ򱦵Ѧ۾ͻȻһæǰ˵ЩЩմлȡı򱦵չھʹڱС΢ûмǴĻмսһսһǾзսͧȸͧħͧмΪĹЧӦÿԶǴƿغ档
Ѧ˵
ЩǴξеõװճ磬ðգȻ˲СջҲСܴһЩʮƷܶòϵģܶ඼ʮġЧġ
棬˾̾
ٰ֪ѡ磬̽Ϊܵõһ죬ƽƵЩǵջ֮һܶòϣͻнףȡǮƣʣ򱦵Ȼǽ׵ö֮һִ󷽣ʷḻȫǲƴ֡߶ϲĺܡ
ܺãͼֽȥ칤о׼ֱģ졣ٶȣ㹻սѲӺüޡ
׵ͷ
Ǵڵĵֻ̣Ҫȥңȥ룬ҳӦķ


1754 ʢ
ǣ۾칤һٶȣЩսΪҴ׳ưԺ򣬾һԥĴӦֻҪɣǾǶ칤һŨīزʵĹѫڽĹУмӷֵġǿɹϵʱĽ
бҪȷңʼ׼ɾȵʽܳɾս򡣡
΢˵
һݺӵ顣
׼ȻܹĴĿģ׼ܱû׼ҪõĶࡣ
۾ԼǣҴױǿ׳ҪľŽأרҵĺǲɻȱġԽ罨Խá
Цҡҡȣͬ
ڵ½ػҪȻܷβܡ
顣
ڼҲͷʾͬ
ǺãȻˣǾͽΪղϵУϣҴ׺̫ҫź򣬽׵Ĺԣ׺֮в
ղϵУɷΪ򺣣ƺ¾ţǷӣͿǷ󡣡
Ӻ޾ϵУΪ޾㣬ħзȸȾţǷӣҲЩţ뾡ѡʺˮսսʿѵתΪʱ׼齨š
΢ֱӿ˵
׺Ѿ൱޴󣬽ֻ»øӾ޴󡣺ľԲһľ޴ƿغǾ͵ƿһС庣ĵ
ΡǶܷĽ衣
۾ʥ
УȺ͵
׳ľٶȻû˭ȥԣǾУˣھսУźսõıԴȻǰͲýţӵıƣҪġ
ʮ֧ţȻпܺڻӣڣʮ֧ŴţһǧŽʿǿսӡ
ĺô޷
ˣʱһߣοƾУԽѡ˲ţҵʵĽ졣Ȼ嫺ѾһͳҴףϣѾ嫺ˡһΣʢᡣУóңΪ˴Ҫ䣬˷͡׽ڣǿߡҴףǿߡسΪҴһͳף
ٴο˵
ʢ᣿
仰Ⱥ۾һʢͬģԺеһʱ뵽ϹͥеʢᡣʢᣬֻҪʱǿߣΪ֮񣬽֮͡޲ܲμʢԺоݵλõȡݵλϿɡ
ڣ׾ʢᣬȻҲңȴ˿ѷɫϣԺܶʿ˵һҪ󡣲һǼңһܹһ䣬ȥܾĺôջʵ̫ˡֻҪϢݳȥǿߵӡ
ʵ۾֪ȷ
ڼЦѯʵ
ƺвͬĹâ˸δһλᣬʢ磬ֻҪıĺãǾǴݵλȷ嫺ڰĵλﵽ޿ɺĲΡ
һЩ⣬ܴ޴ļֵǸȻͬ塣
۾ΪõĺãδزΪҴһ˲ţһЩͬ˵ĹϵΪҴף档óһ䣬ͳ嫺ֻҪвܣʵﵽһΣʸȡ
ҡҡȣ˵
ᣬ壬ģҲݵλޱȳȺǿߡ棬кܶණԽвٿأ
磬岿䣬һõ룬һ䣬ȴûò룬֮䣬Ƿ˲һ˼᲻²⣬ϣʲôͬѰ⡣Ϊʲôõ룬Ϊʲôò롣ЩֻҪʼ룬Ǿ²ɵӣ䣬ֻ˵򵥣Ҳ򵥣ܶףȴƫƫ޷⡣
ĵı仯
޷ġһ˲֮ģ֮ǰ໥ˣ˴˽õ壬䣬ܵӰ죬Ĳ˵ٲǰһޱǴӸ涼ᷢ仯
ңһЩ䲻ϲ˵ǿߣʿҲΪ飬ײܵϵ̣Ҳ˵˵ѡμᣬ׶һһ㣬ҪҲܣֻҪڣǾͲٵġУҪоηġ
ᣬһƷԱԿɲμӡģһָǿߡһ֣ţһֱֵ֣ɢҰɢ֮⣬嫺֮⡣ɢ뺣֮Сʱƾ뺯ֱӽᡣ
׵ͷֱ˵ѾԶʱ䣬ͷڳϦ֮գȡΪʢᡣɳ֮ɳǣϾոţɳ֮㣬׹֮ǰս⡣
Դ׳ʼȻеսۣԪս֣ɳܲƽƾ׵̣ţʺŴǿĻӳһͳ̶һ¶ѡ
쵽ˡ
ǹĵ
ѣһҪѸٴĿꡣ
ҪĻǸɳǵȶοռݵҪģɳ֮ܲ뿪Ͳ뿪ԣ磬ȡҲδǻ¡ʱ䣬ÿԸɳǰðգʱ䡣
۾ʥ
Ⱥ͡
ھ磬гǰƳǵĻ½ɳǣʮֲҪʲôⷢܵвģաȻҪȥٴξ磬ʱͬĴӡ
ȡͬʱҲԸɳ֮ŽЩǺ󻰡
ȷں
󣬳Ž
ͬʱϢȻȻĿʼݳȥ
Ŵ׽嫺嫺֮ɢȥ

һƬȻ
۾ҪᣬʱڳϦ֮գ˵ֻгеһƷسܲμӣҪμӵģеλ˲ӵʸ񡣡
ǰ˵Ŷвμϡ٣СţֻһҲֻȫݵ
˵ûУʢϣֵĽңңҲңǻʵңܹӸ»˵䡣
Ҳǿǳһöлһңͨ˳ȥܳΪǿߣȫʸƣͻԭе䡣ڼУǶǾԵĵ̡ڴϧȴûʸǰһŶŲ
׾ڣ¶Ľı顣
ʢӰ֮ɢ


1755 뺯
̫ˣҿԪеתĳоˣΪԪֻѡԷ⣬츣أ޷ǰ·ֻĬĬȴΪžһٵֻأޣΪУңȫԪ
̫ˣʲãǺľԴþǱҲֻܴﵽླԪѣܳԵңһ죬ӵиǿʡʵͻԭȵƽơ˺ͻƣҲ֮ǰҪ
ʢϢݿ
ҲΪ֮ݣңǶĵʱ˻ǶǶÿһʿģҵ棬úܶඥǿ߶Ϊ֮ĶϾңܹԭȵͻƵ֮ǰܴﵽľ磬˺ͻƣֵۣõġ
Ϊ뺯Уÿһ뺯ǿЯһ׾죬Ǻǰ磬ֻǣ⸰УЯˣ֮ڣҲ˵ֻṩһ˷ҡ⣬ǲơУҪԸ⽫ԼݶøߣȻ˿˵ʲô
ô䣬ǵȨ
⣬ǸţǸǿߵĺô
ϾЩЩǿòϣ磬ңȻãǿߣδؾͻῴϣǽõһЩܲ޴ĺôеȻǲΪ֪
ңЩǿߵ
УܶԪѾҪݽߣںʱûѡת޵ǿߣһεʢᣬԽӵĳ
Ҫ֪еңһԾǧԪĸң۸»ȫһԪֳ깦ЧǼ룬书Ч֮ǿɳ˾̾ĵز
֪˻֮͡
ʢϢԾ˵ٶ⴫
ڴ׾ڣֻ½С
ǺУͬõϢ֪ʢ顣Ǵ׾ڻǾ⣬һƬȻΪ֮ӿ
嫺
嫺
˿̵嫺Ȼ޷뵱ȡ嫺ȻѾҪǰħսսӦҹϮ嫺ǵĴ̫ӣҡ
еȵ꣬Ȼ룬ӵеľӣҲӵǿʵϺзİȫ
Ȼ޷ǰһ޼ɣȴҲẦǿҲҪֱ档
¡
Уة౳һǣǰ
ةǰҪ¡
ҿЦſ˵
ڹة̬࣬ȿûʲô߸ϣƺһƽȵ̬ڽ̸Уȴʼһֿĸоң˵ڹة࣬õڵ£ԭȵ嫺޷ֻ֪֪µʱ򣬹ةѾڣѾڵģ
ʱȥپãòκα仯
Ȼûг֣ȴܸоɲ⡣ͬһ̯ˮһ嫺Թة۾ɲ⡣ңةһĹңһӵܵɳ˵ǳӣʵ򣬾һλ˭ҪҲҶ䵡
УԵúº͡
ةͬеңϾʱ̫һḻǻۣԶԶκ˵󡣺ܶ飬Ҫѯʹة
£嫺ڣѾ׵۳һͳѪѾ嫺ΪףһΣ׾ʢᣬУóңңҹϯáᣬ뺯ķʽ룬в뺯Ҳض뺯һΣǲ뺯һŸ£һŸϳ뿴
ة໺˵һ뺯˹ȥ
ϸȥ뺯Ҳ򵥣ͨ嶼ǳֳһ֮ɫƺҫŽĹ󣬿ʮ졣Уܸܵһֻдż֡
ʢᡣ
Удŵߵ֡
簽еģдľ嫺
ָ뺯Ӧݣõ뺯ҲȥֳҲţϸӵ뺯Բð䡣
˭ðҪ۵ġ
뺯ûЩҪֻҪ뺯֣ͿԽ롣
׵ٶȷʵ죬֮ǰĴ߻ʳڰˣȻҲûи谭ȫ׽ȷʵҹսݺ˷Ķսȷʵһء徫ǲ£Դףȷʵв㣬ᣬбҪȥμӣԼһ׵ۡ˵Һ׵֮䣬Ҳݡ
һ˵
еĴӡݹϵô޷ĥġ
ᣬǱǰȥμӡӵ룬ôҲҪȥϾ嫺Ҳڴ׵ͳϽΧ֮ڣһ棬бҪġ
ţȷʵӦǰȥμӣãҲڴ׵۹Уʱ򣬿Լһ档˵ջռ嫺Ǵ׵۵ҰģԲֹ嫺ǻţ׵Ļ̫Ӵԭȵ˿ڣȻֱݱڵĶʮ˿ڡ˿ڣȻ֪Ǵðġȴʵڵġķ˿ڻÿһ꣬˿ڶǺġţԴԴϡѩ㣬׳׽ãм塣
ةͷ˵
ױ˿ڣ˵ռ嫺Ҳûа취ƿأûˣûа취ܱƿأе壬֪ƫƫĪð˶˿ڡ
ʮװӶûô찡
ȫǳ
ԭ̣ʵǴ׵˿ڣܴģţһ󣬾ͻ᳹ͣȥʱǶһʱл塣
һ㣬ҲǴһֲ
ţǸȥһˡһΣп嫺һξۻᡣϧˡ
ҵͷͬ
嫺ڣҲõ룬һУֱִ׵ʹߣȥõģȻϲûеõģֻĽʡڴ׵ǿɲʲô
ڵĴףȫһȻ˭ð
ȥȻ׾ǲʸ뺯Ǿȥ뺯ֻҪܲμᣬһжֵõġ
ЩСŵò룬ֻѡһݾ

嫺⣬嫺֮ңĲڡٽ嫺λãһ½½˿ѷɫڴһ֮أռ൱㣬ֵܿζУ죬ïܡֻǣУƺһ֮˽棬·оһ˿ڡ
ܶطܸܵħ֮
һɭһ޴Ĺų


1756 Ĵ
ǹųһۿȥȫò֪Ĳɣͨڣճһƹһ𣬸һֻȻһĸоռݵķΧΪƺȫռߣͬһޣʱ˶ɣ޾ǿһۣ᲻
Ĳ
ųϣȻֳ׭³ǣ
ǵģųǾ³ǡ
³Ͽĸоһǿڸķ
³ǣ»ʳ
ųǣ»ʳĻʳǡ
˿̣ڻʹУȻԿһɫ۵һŭӢиɢһ졣ңϻɢһʣǶء˲Ǳˣ»ʳ֮ҹħڣҲ֮Ϊҹħʡ
ϣܱ
ߣһɫҹµ̽ƾո֣óһ鱨ٿ˵
Ŷ
ҹħһĨɫ̽ڴ׵۳ڼӸ̽ӶĿûҪ鱨ǲܻġ
һܱҹС
ۿҹҲһĨɫȻУǱ濴ôƽ
˼ʢᣬ׵ģң䣬óٰᣬ׵ĵ̣ǳ֮ǰԤȷʵħսݺ޵е
ҹһ˵
ɫ䣬¶һ˿𺳡
Ϊһʳ֮ҹȻʲô棬ȫ嫺ڣ׵ȨλǽҲãҲãѾ޿ɷϡ
ң˾̾ǣ׵ĵ̡Ȼǿ
Ԫ䣬ԲȫûУУҲ࣬ң˴ģĳܷ֡ˣǣѾ׵ĸ֣ԶԶĵز
Ҫľǡ
ǲһչֳ˴ǣȻݵκǿߣкɰٴػʵҪġ
ܶǿߣصľǣǵȻֹڣԽԽǿǲչֳǵļֵʩչ̨ܵǿ
ȥ취ŪһŲ뺯ᣬʱǰ֮䣬綼ҪӴ
ҹһտ
ǣϡ
̽ԥĴӦ
»ʳʵҪõһ뺯Ȼ⡣
£ֻҪסˡǾ嫺򸽽¶Ҫˣһ𡣾Ͳ֪»ʳδ
ҹ
δƺһ˿ã
̫ǿѾڸڴףǱҪٵ⡣ڲãҲҪԵġ
׵뺯Ը;ֱӴȥ
Щӵдˣţ뺯ͷǽһ档ܶʿ׷Ϊ뺯鷢䡣
УɸѪȡ
廭棬ʮֲҡ
˷ָ
ܶಿ䣬ҲΪ뺯һЩ죬ǹϵܵģҲÿʼ롣
嫺⣬һųУܿڽ໥ףߺȣܿĳ֣ܱߵƺųΪġ
ڣֵĺܡ
иֵ̣¥
˿̣ھ¥Уܿ˻Уһ߳Ժȣһ̸߽£׷״۷׷ףַǷ
ڶ¥ߵϡ
һӢĹӸ磬ؿڹһ黤ƣһƣһ֪ǷƷһţһܵĸѶϢ
˵ûУ缸죬嫺Ѿ׵۳һͳˣ嫺Ǵ׵ĽѪǾ⣬ϵǽһడ𺳰
˵ҪʢᣬҪ뺯ܲμӣУҵġǾ䣬˵ȴ˵ͥѷɫһǰδеʢᡣ
ǿǴ׵۳˵ڴУ˶˶ܳԱֱǸɾһȫе硣ҪҲܽȥͺˡ
¥УܶϢͨˣ׷׿
ڴ׵Ϣƺ䡣ᱡͬ·УлигһֽĶ⣬໥棬̸ͨܶණȫͬһ㡣Ƿûа취ȴڴУͬճһ򵥡
һ޲
޲ԼڴУǴ׵գָܵĸ
ǲ˼ʥء
Уܿмò۵Ľˣ¶ۼ໥һۣһ໥ͷʾһ£ȻȺȥƺطȥ
ף˲áȻôܽ嫺ͳһˣ̫˲ˡڳеˣĸףҲҪǰ׼Сʢᣬ괺ҲҪȥմ֣ԪҪˣһȥμӣӳϻͯ
깫ϸ¶һ˿૵
в֪ʲôʱͻȻһ뺯дʢᣬǴ׷Ĳ뺯ûȥԺϵҵϵġ֮ǰЩɻѾ˽ˡ
ɳǽǡ
ܹңչ׳Ȼû̵ģǾͼڼ顣ͼڼǼЩӵԵڣΪԼڵͼڣ飬ʱǽм룬ԸͼڣػǣܵϮħϮ
ڼػ£ĺܶõ档
еļ飬һ޴ԣػɳеİգջǳеȵȣ໥棬໥׳ɳǺ飬Ҳ뵽УΪһ壬飬ֲֻ飬һʮĴڡ
ǿܷչ׳ٶж죬ܱ֤ȫж
ңھУν壬Ķ壬ʵǿ󣬶ңӵ֮ǵС괺ȴҵմʵϣѾҪˡ
ȻҲ˱˼
ĸ
ģ嫺ܱߣ
嫺⣬Ǵż򡣲򡣼ձȺ򡣶ħ
ЩУ뺯֣ķƣȻ֪һʱ䣬ĸӿ
Ҫ֪ЩУûȫһͳǿ
ڼձȺУһƬĻҺ򣬺УָĺǲΪģֻ壬д庣ĴڣձȺУ̺ıأĶսңе⡣УһȽɢҵˣˡУɴƾٳִƺ䡣λߡһ֮
ȻȨУҲûСϾ֮䣬ƾĶʵ˵սе⡣


1757 
˵ͳߣۣͬдڵһӵдսͨսںУνһԺɨķ̽δ֪׷Ѱ汦ءڴУ籩ս뺣޲ɱÿһʵǷͬСɡ
ڼձȺУڵĺж٣Ϊֹûܹȫֻ֪֪к䣬µĺٴݺ󺣣ɨķڼձȺľǼ飬ѪơкЩһսиֲͬʮء
ڶħУ˵ƬŶħħռݣƬУһħħָܹĶħʵЩħʵֻҪȥܾӦϣȡͨͬħջܹһ졣ӵгΪǿߵĽݾ
ħʵΪϵϵȻϵܸ͡Щһ£ȫԴﵽ컻صľ˲ΣΨһǣħʵһȱݣһȥɥʧӾºˮ׹䵽УԭõĹʵͨ˶ڷӡ״̬
Ȼȱݣȴǿϣͨѽݾ֮һ
ͨˣһ졣
ԣħʵջڶħУױȵġ
ֵ֮ߣ
ϾֱܹӿϵĹ屦ôܻ᲻
յĽ򣬾˵У֮ƮһɫڽУഫϣĽɣĹ鴬ȵȡһǾһĽ֡ƬУ൱¡󺣣һֽɡ
ĻȽ岢棬ͬڡ
ģܵѹơ
Щ壬֮ͬƺڿںϣͳһĹ̡
ĳεѹ£໥ںϣһֱȻС㣬һ׳󣬴ﵽһȻĵزõԵɱ䡣
ֹ̣ÿһ嶼ڽš
ϣ֮Ҳϡ
ˣںϣȵȡÿ춼ڷÿ춼ڽС
嫺򱻴׵۳ͳһϢֹ̣ڼӿ죬ԽԽ졣֪һơԭָΪСָľ棬𽥳ϣͳһǰ
ʢٿһô̤Ϸ˿ڡ
Уڲӣɢģɢ

˿̣ȴԽ뵽ʮƽ硣
һƽеؽ硣⿪š˵⣬˭ûа취룬ǲŮҲһеںġ֮
ôΪħս飬δУһΣǸÿˡʮ꽨УΪֹѾʮĩˡһξʮꡣÿʮöзųȥΪֹӦٰʮöɢ⡣֪һοжǰҲơ
߽У޾ǿУԼλϣܣһƬտ·𿴲߼ʣҲ¶һ˿ڴ
Ҫ֪Щ꣬ûпÿʮƣɢ磬ڶҪİöˡҲ˵ǿ߲ó챦ҲȻӴˡ
²μ۾
УȻԿһѩ׳۵ƾճ֣ϣƺصɫʣ飬ΪˡΪӵһ˫ֻܹۣ̽ҪǱһֱۣܷƷֵ˵Ȼ绢
Եϡķӳܡ
Ȼʦ
ڽḺˡ
ţڷֳѾ㹻࣬ȫ죬ʩ̣磬Ҷһ˵ص̨
׵ͷ˵
¼䣬һָʱͿһ޴̨ƾ̨ΪԲΣһۿȥʮ־޴󡣲̨ȴûϯ֮ģУÿһͳȥƬռоȻȻһΣΣǵλã˭ܸ档
в֣ȻˣŮԿ
΢һ֣ʱͿ̨ϣһŮЩŮϸȥȻܿÿһʮֶׯòǧһ
ʵǿܣԿģûԼ־ֻ£ǣޱȣһΪҲǲң治壬о壬壬ȵȡǴħսϵõġڱĵطȻûʲôãȫ𵽲Сô
˲ˮæЩ飬ԽǱ൱죬֪ģԺѿǿܵݡ΢Ц볣졣
лˣЩڣһжԽ졣
ĿãҲ¶Цݡ
Ǵ£ܹȫת
УжһңǮׯһңɿС
׵ͷٴһָУƾճһ˸ͭâľ޴⽨һۼ䣬ܿһµĳΡ룬ɢһεϡȻȻֳĸ֣Ǯׯ
Ǯׯڴ׸п衣ÿһɳǱȻһǮׯ𴢴ңףһҵҵҪԣ˵Ǵ׵ǮӣĹٷִơȫֲȥ˭ֲˣңǴ׵ĸôóȥ
Ǯׯһּ䣬ԴԴϵĳǮׯڵĽС
ɫģɫģϽɫġ
˸貵ı⡣
۾Ҫ
пŮȥУֶһҵĹ
УӦм֮أ¥
ٴο˵
¼䣬һûʴľŲ¥ѾУͨ嶼ֳһ־Ĺâʮ졣һеļ¥ģһġ
¥м̨пҪǷֱ治ıǰȥ֣һжһʧ
Щȫƾճ֡

Ǳ˿ֻ»Ŀɿڴо˼飬ȻȴԵʮУϵףʵǿҪѡݷ˭޷սλ
У֪ͨӵƵı͡
Щһ䣬Ѿʽһε
һѶϢȻĳ紫ݹȥ
һһ޴ľɽϣ龵ŮڶԾױһƺԼ㵹ͻȻ䣬һ˿ɫ


1758 
һƳǰ˸Źâ
ʮˣˣͣ˶ʮ꣬Ҳٿˣʱ䣬ħսʱ䣬֮ҲμħսͲ֪ݣһλӦһλ⣬Ҳоųɵİա
һٿӦû֣ÿʮЩȥм֪ǰμӵģж١λôڴ֪ϣж챦֡ϣжԱŮдõı
龵ŮƣһĨЦ⡣
ʮûвμӣȻڴĺܡ
ҲûҪ£ǰȥμӣҲǲ
Ҳš

һɽУһһҿγɣӦһҺݱɣڿھĻǿϵȵıġϣ̺һƯĻơǻԵıġʺƸַڻԵԪԼǿ
һ飬棬ǶǼΪ
ᱻؽ
Ȼԭʯ;ģ۸Ҳǲͬġ
УȻܿһֻɫĴèצӣڿзھһʯھһʱߡһڿһ߻ڲૡ
һöңöңöҡöҡ
ƺЩܸĶǱģֻвèЩ꣬ƴĵѰھ򣬲ŹκοԶһҵĻᡣ
壡
ʱϵһöɫͻȻвèһ¶ϲ֮ɫı̬ľǱֻɫˣὫҪٿˡʮ꣬һֱû⻹йǣǲԺ󶼲ˡָоǰδеĺá
һӾ
̫ˣؿˣҪңööҡ
вèһ˷ܵûԴײһɼĵļжǿҡ

˿̣ڲ֪ĴУһֻ޴ɱֻɱʮ־޴һۿȥֻ²ϰɣֳͨһʰĹ󣬱棬սʮءϸۿ·ܿطǰʡ
꣡
ɱ򿪣ȻԿһµŮ棬Уһöƣ˸عâ
ôᣬʮȤġǿһͬδһ¡ȥȻҪȥ
һɱǿߡɱеߣŮʡݵλΪˣںУҲһӵޱǿӰȻƸҲޱȾ˵ġںеĵر½ϻҪ࣬Ӿˡ

һ츣Уһߵüһߵƣ洫ݳѶϢû⣬ֻǿ˼ۺ󣬾ȻûдǰһεᣬиҪҪ
ỹֵء
Уһӵд˵ĸǿߣҲ׷׸ܵٿϢѡǰģҲѡȥģԥģڴġ
ʲôıֶС
ֻǣЩ޹أȥɣ벻ǶԼһ㣬ȥ档ҲȫûбҪԸ
ٿѶϢݹȥ
ȻԿƬؿռУһӰƾճ֣ЩֵӰȫһص֮У˸͸ǵıĿǰһͷҲ˵ת˶öԡҲеһ
ǰѣֺ󣬺Ȼ֮ǰԼϣ±ͣһ֣ȻȻ۳ȫµΣı䣬ϲʲôĶУƯգȻչֳ
ڽˣʲô壬ȻĹءֱӳԺС벻˽ⶼѡ
û˵Լϣɴ˫ۣڲϴΧǰмľ޴ƽ̨ҲԱǮׯ¥
λѣ壬ΪߵֻͣҪǾǵѣУѾӵѣǰѾʺϣԣΣнøӹ淶λҪʲô챦ǰ¥Умģ¾Ϳֻ̨Ҫ̨УûģûҪ¡Ӷࡣ
ǮׯԴжһңλòϵĵرǰǮׯһǮׯУԹӦļֵһһλŻݵıôҳԿǮׯڣңҪһ٣Զһûκƣϲⶥ
л˵ģѾٶλȻȫѾ˴󲿷֡Ѿʼ
޶һҡ
еĻһ£ǿߣ׷׽Ŀ⿴˹У¶һ˿ȻУܾ˴ֱʣǣ̣֧޶һģǾָ֪УֻһλϣǰĲǱˣҲһǸѲϵ
ģ˭ɵӡ
һЩ²⣬Ҳû˭Ὺ˵֪ͺãαصƣûκιϵȻܵõһҵĻᣬȻһּľϲ
УУʼͨħսͨķΧԽԽ㣬ԽԽƵֻǣһֱûȶ޶һҵĵطܶˣõңǵĻңײֻᵱػҽйͨ
ڼֵϣߡ
һ̣ͿһӰٳǮׯȻ¿䱾ݣȴУǷӲвèһϲɫȻǮׯĳ֣ȫ⡣һбǶȲǮƶĸҪǮֻҪ޾Ǯơ
һȥвèϾóĵر
ִӿھıģԴԴϵĶǮׯĿŮڵһʱƷ׼ֵҲٸչһļ۸иеͣһУвè᷶ΧֻҪֹƽͿԣǮׯĶһ۸񣬻൱Ĺƽûгѹ۵ļ
öپǶ١
ʵԸ⣬ɲٿصġ
ΪʲôҪôѹե棬˵ƻ档
ĿģҴȥ
ǴҪ
вèμǿߣҲ׷ǰǮׯϣ٣ǴһЩ󣬵Լȴòϵĵرһúʣǲֵġȡٶֵ࣬õġ
Цˣò˵ЩܽӵƵģһŨʵǿǿߣһҷ񣬶ңϵرܶطĵرǿûôطͻֵ


1759 ģ
Էḻ׵ĵرЩ׶߲ܣͨĲϣһղ칤ڲϵоԭϵı䷽ǣлԳ֣컯ħ£һЩͨϼϳɣóϵĺϳ䷽
磬ɫʽ𣬱֣ѪȵȡͨĻƽױģںϳɺֱһԾΪףؽףдﵽײεϡֵΪ
õĻһЩͨʿеѰġǴǿĵط֮һ
ǲϱǿĸ
Щϳ䷽ɺ칤Ҫ˶ã¯۳µıġΪΪ档
ԣЩǿһģֻǺͨһЩģҲûκ㹻СҪõңȻҲҪıӴġ
ۣЩĵرڣȫô׵ĵٴӡȻд˵ǿߣĸһۺӵеĲƸһȵͬʮٸǣмֵĹ͡
Ǳߣ¶һߡ
ҲܶǿߣȺ뵽¥С棬ѡġò˵Щ˵ֱʺܴͨıǮׯжһǮƣıѡģȽ̨Уȡߵļ۸񣬵õĺô
˼˼еĺö˾̾ƽʱѵһıЩҲóȻǳȺǷˡ
¥еĻ棬ȻҪ֪һͷ֮顣׾پ
Щ˼ĵıȻ
൱󡣷ͬһ
Щûи棬ʼϣĵȴţУʱû壬оţ뿪ǰûж
֪ȥá
һǿ߷׷׷Լλ
Уʼָƽ
ȻλѾ׼ᣬʽʼۣᣬ֣̿ʼ
׵ͷ˵ûֱӾǽ⡣
Уûôġ
λ͡еʦҿԽۡбйƽκѶϢƭҡƷѶϢʵУֻҽнסһֽǮһֽ壬ģвȡκηãҲ˵ȫѡߣȫõ
Ц˵
Ǽ򵥵ĽһԼͬûж˵ϻһ֣һŮѾһ̨
λ뿴һ
ЦָǼƷڵĺڲѾҿһ۾ܿһöӣһöɫ顣
һöһצ۳顣ˣﵽ֤˵ǴģΣ޿ɿֵ֤޷飬ɻȡһ֤ǿһǵϷָܹ֤ͨΪƼ̳ϱġɼɶ鱦Ч࣬ǾȫƾҪ飬ҪֶⷨΣʮѡ
˿ڽܵ
ò˵һƷѾòμǿ¶֮ɫ֤ε۳飬Ǻεȫ޼֮õȫԽһ죬ɻۡ
ȻֶǱ֪Ǿǵŭϧһдۣ׷ɱǼߣߣᱻɱ֮ڣ飬ĽɣԲȾָ̽Ҫ̽ǾİԵ֮ҲУŸҺ޹˼ɵĽ
ˣҲû֪˭õġ
ǾԵİȫɿ
ܶǿǶ۾һȻżȤ൱֤ĵ̺Ĵ
˭ܲĶ˭ܲҪ
֤飬ڿʼļʮöңÿμӼۣһǧöҡϲⶥʼۡ
˺ԥĿ˵
У
ĶһĶǿߣ̷Ƿ۸ʱҲɵľĵһ۸ֲ̫ˣֱۡȻļֵȫֵ۸񣬶ңԶԶֹУ޼۵ġ
һʱ䣬УԵһƬž
שʮһڡ
пĿ˵һ۸
һԾͽ۸һڣֱʲν
飬˵ҪȻҲģ۹Уⶫǵĺô
ʮڣҳʮڡ
һ˿ڱ۵
Ȼ۸ܸߣȴֹ˿ġ
ʮڡ

Уʱʼ
һ۲𣬶ңʱȫ㡣˸ܵıεȵľߣεȵĺԡ֮ǰǮׯУɶǶһ˺ҡλġȻǺĺܡ
˵
ֻǳһμۣûмӼۡ
Ĺۿš
Ȼ󣬵ҲޡֻҪ䳡С
ҪҪǾøߡ
֪Уöļ۸ֱһڵۡһ˸ߡȴǷһǿ߸ߣ飬ջ
һⱦﲻϽ
ŵǧ̫ꡣ֮أȡ޾ԹĹǹס챦Ƽ̳Ķ硣̺֤ǿһ֮ķӽ֮дѣ֣ΪпܳΪһ𶥼ػޡ
ָ챦ֱǲκһ棬ǶʿԴҪõıֵ֮ߣ
Щøӵĳȣһδεᣬʮּҡÿÿĳۡ
УҲγ֣һЩȷʵıﹺ۸񲻱ˣȴ⡣
ڿʼһ𻤷񽫣ǵģǻ񽫡
¶Цݣһ֣ȻԿһεƷһ𻤷񽫡
ʲôǻ񽫣ںܶ˵İУ񽫣ػţɽšΪŻޱǿսģɾǻƽʿһֻ񽫡ʿʵɲǿߣȫǿɱÿһ𣬶ػ壬ػԼڵҳǵĴʡ
ǾԲᱳѣֻǹȥǧ꣬ҲΥ
ǿĻ񽫣Ǻܶ׷֮һ
ֻǣţϡ٣˵ʱ䣬̫ǳɳҪմԸԶصطɡǣ⻤񽫣Ҫ
磬Ĺȡ˾ϵȲϡ
һʵﵽ龳Ļ񽫣ǱߣгԸȫԼɱ䡣ǿһԺ֮ѡļһöҡ
˽ֱ˵ͼۡ


1760 ԰
龳Ļ񽫣ҳػߣ˭ֻҪõǾӵһĹõĻᱳѵĻֵ֮ߣںܶУ޼֮һĻ񽫣ɴﲻ龳ؼǣԼӣϱǿ̨δزܽ
ﵽ̨󣬼Ѿǻ񽫵۷壬֤ǲܵģΪ֤Ҫӵĵκεֻһ֤磬񽫵ĵػػ֤֮ػ֮һ·ʿֹֻڵ̨ǣԼ֮ǰ֤䣬ٴε֤ҪȻǷ֮
һǾǲݣֻһŻ
Ȼ񽫲ȥػ֮ûб֤ĻǾͿл֤ȻֻᲢܲȫԵһ֤ػ֮Ļ񽫣ǼֱǶ룬ѹһǧ꣬ꡣǳ治Ųࡣ
˼񽫵ĻǲҪǹȫΪ۹ػ񽫣ص۹Ҳõ۹ȫԴ׼䣬˿ַ۹
һĶˡ
ϾһȫҳĻ񽫣ǾԵ޼֮
ʮڣ
һ̣еһڱۣңһڣۣڵı¶Ի񽫵ӣһڱصõ̬۸ʮ
һ㣬൱𺳵ġ
У˶һѾڳ̬ڱصãû˭ԸƴģǲϻǱģ⻤񽫣ҲһҪõǷǳǿңûѡһġңеļ۸Ҳ뻤񽫵ǳһЩ
Ͼ񽫣ֻҪмš㹻ԸҪѡֻҪӦĳɳʱѡ
ԴˣĻ񽫵Ҳ⣬£ʮڼ۸ѾǷⶥˡٳ۸
񽫣ĳ̶ֳϣڿһĴڡֻҪзţܼ
󣬺ȻģУĵ֡
ڼֶıԴԴϵĳ֡
ÿһļֵʮ־ˡ
챦һƷ׵챦磬ﵽףǵؽײΣɳ֮Ϊ鱦ıֲֻΣУӦеļ۸񡣷ֻǻĻƽ챦ֵǺĳ۵ġģ
ڿҲ֡
ÿÿǴֱʣھۡ
ȻҲ˿ھֻϧ޷ȡֻȻ֡
лмͼֽ¡ֵǶԴмã磬ͳͼֽ԰ͼֽעḶ́ӦĲϣһͳͳɲͣճԷҪõʳ͡ͳЧǿңЧʼߣͣߣƷʸߡûκʣ棬õģͬǷ֮֮
һɹ֮Уʳ͵ƷʣһڡؼǣͳԴ͡ǵģ̺ʳ͡Ǽֵǳߵġ
һƷΪֲ԰һ챦ڿֲ԰Уֲֿ磬ݣֲݣңֲɽٹҹеȵȳ֣ܵŹߣᱻͳ԰ֶܼȹһʱ԰κνпܡ治ֻɾ޴еǣδһԶǵĺȥ԰һΪʱӡֱ뿪԰ɻָ챦Ѿںϴħ֣ȡ־ͷΪؽ챦鱦ļǧöҡÿμӼۣһö
˼óһƷɣһ챦
ȻȤˣҲȽ٣ֻĴŻԵĸȤ
һöҡ
пھġ
һö۸Ѿ൱ߣȻ챦õϵģ֮١ʵԵЩšҪݱ˭鱦Ǹ
һڣû˾£ɾͽ챦¡
һ֮ǰһЩֳֳͬУǿֲԪأǴЦݵģ̺ʩɽڴĦָָУܸܵ޾ĻϲáУɻӡΪͬͨһ㣬Ʒ֮ߣﵽؽףֻû⹦ЧֻǴЦĵطĸʩ㳤棬ĥ𣬲ٻļǧöңÿμӼۣһö
˼˵
һεƷһʮƣֵȴȻͬ
ǣֵ֣ںܶʿ˵ȫǼ߰ѵЩʿȥɽȥʲôЦⶫȫСӹҼҵ⣬ںܶ˵ֻȣû⣬ɱһڵļ۸
ö׵۳Уȱٵľֳǿֲ԰ǿֳܹǰֳ棬ջЦ棬ͷѹȫĵá˳˵챦κ鱦ѷɫǸǧ𲻻
к⡣ȫҪıԴ˵£ģκζҪĸҪ֮ߣ֮ζ
֪УѾ
ƷȫȥûһġûҪģиЩߣʵضĻ£δؾá
󣬿ʼһ׶Ρ
໥䱦ﻥĽ׶Ρ
רȡָ˫ֱӵ̸ܲɽףȫԵԸ˭ǿȣУȻܿܶ໥ףﻻܿĳ϶¶ɫ
ţǵ׶ΡѶϢĽ
ģһԸ򣬸ͬ˴˵ļţҲͬ໥Էḻ۽硣
˵ѶϢͨѶϢ
ڵĽΪԪ򣬽УŴޣ֮䣬սȽϻңΪҪķգһǣƷڽУǿΪԪţΨһһšӵе̨Уʥء֮⣬ҲвѷɫԪŵսԪУ󲿷򶼴ڻңսɱ¾ʱ֣쳣Ƶ
һԪǿ߿˵˵ԪҲ˽⣬Ҳ䡣֮Ԫ򣬻ûһͳĽ׶Ρ
Ҽһ쳣Źֵĳӣҳ֮Ϊúӣеˮ峺ףֻҪˮ棬ͻðɫݣʮλãЩݺܹ죬һ֧ӴȺȥôƾʧײټλãأҲ¡Դδ֤
һǿ˵Լһ¡


1761 ħ̥ ̥
δ֪ں£̫಻˼ɣصĴڣǲÿһ֣ǶǿúӵĹ죬ֻһֶѣԴȻһܹ̽Ѱģǿ߱ʾ׷úӵĸš
֪̽ʾ
Բ˽ġ
һУһɫڻУһδ֪ŮΧľܹǿƻǳ¡ȻŮ棬ȴûа취
һǿ߿˵
Ʋ⣬ǽһ𾣼ŮһпܾһǿǿߣƬ򣬶ѾɾˣܵϮ
һǱڵĶǿߣгΪܵǱ
Ҽһ⨺۴ħһħ˳ȣҲ֮ΪͥѾнͥļ󣬻ħߣ֮Ϊħ֮ʵ֮ǿʮǿഫû˭֪ʵ״ﵽʲôΡ
һǿҲ˵Լ֪¡
£Ҳ˵Ĺע
⨺ɲͨĺӣؼĴ֮һѪǿ󣬶ң츳ֻͨҪΪﵽһΣҲ׾ٵ顣ʮ档ħ֮ȻССֻ֣ҪˣлԵδؾͲħȡ
⨺ﾹȻˣ˵Ĵ֮䣬봫˵еǸŸϵбҪصעһ¡аԺһͷ
һԪĽɼ壬ĺѲϵϵܡ
ںУȥǰˮѾ¶彨ʵǿ׽ˮ壬Ǻ޵츳ˮܱ٣ǿƿغޣ׷޳ˮУܵϲ׽塣Ҳʮǿһˮ֮塣ˮͨ°빦
һǿ˵еˮ壬һ̾
壬ȷʵǵ񣬼󲿷ֺ޶ܾ׽ʮԸΪʹΪĸ޵ܼ꣬ӿǽɳٶȡϴ顣ޱĹЧ
һںоһ൱µİ

һţ˼Ľûиоƣ²Ͼܶණǰ֪飬ȴ˽⵽Լ飬Ȼһֵø˵顣
һʱ䣬Ŵǡ
һ׶ν
ͻȻ䣬ֻһʿͻȻѯʵ𣬲֪꽻ħ̥ǷѾϴϴħԡ
ڵĲǱˣ
аæϴħ̥ħԣΪľǻһ߶̥̥ʺ϶ңûκڣõѡ֮һֻǺΪԭټħսͻȻñҪѯʵ飬һֱȵڡȻʿ˵ʮ꣬ҲǵָһӼѡȫ⡣
ңħ̥Уġ
ģħ̥Ѿϴħԣȫϴӣңֻ֮ڵ־޳ĥֻҪԸ⣬ʱԽΪõǽжͶ̥Ѿ֮ܳΪħ̥̥̥
Цſ˵ּ䣬Ǽ̥Ѿȥ˲ͳС
̽󣬷ֹȻħȫʧģһ𳹳׵׵̥û־̥˭ȥԽ֮ںϡ̥һ״̬Ͳжᣬһתֻأٻһ
̥ûȻõѡ
л̥Һ⡣Ľףռ˱ˣлᣬк󱨡
һм˵
Ȼ˿УҲеĸм֮顣
һֽǮһֽ֮ǰĽף⣬һ
еȻһЦ
ħ̥ϴӣķȻСǳָͬ൱⡣Ǹȡ衣
ÿɷ
ڴˣٴ󹺣ֻҪԸߣԸ۵Ļңһ飬һǧöңÿһǣӼһǧֻҪԸۣǼǣɽףõҡ
ٴο˵
һΣѰԸ顣
飬ô׻ȡ棬˵ֱ˶־ӡΪ֮ޣ֪ǿڰһƬ
£ʮأ˭ؼЩܣҲ޴ӿ̽Ȼֻ£ͳΪܶежˡ
һö飬ԴﵽǧѾǳܶ˵λ
һö顣
˵
һö顣
вèһЦգգ۾Ǻö飬ֱӾǧöңۡ
顣

ģȷʵӣһǿߣ˵ǿһһգۼ䣬óģʮλкܶǼظģж߲ܡ
óģȫ
ֱӴһףڶҲռöֻһûҵ
Ҳ൱⣬һ׾ĴĿꡣ
ʣµģлռǣڣҪռ飬£ᣬ綼еġ
֪УҲеβ
ʱһһʿ׷ʧȻȥظʱλạ̃ûܹĳеסȥȥͬһһ㡣
ܺãⳡᣬΪʢٿһԤȣҲǲ
뿪ᣬص۹УпգǱ¶һĨЦ⡣ʢѾ׼׵һֻʱ䵽ͿȻ뵽졣ܽ׵ķɣչ¶쾡¡
йâһöȻĳģ˸˿˿ǳĹԡ
Ը飬־ö飬׼ҪʲôԸ
֪ʱߣö飬һ˿ɫѯʵ
Ը飬ҲʹãȻ棬յеôǿԸƵģƣԸҲ޷ʵ֡ܳɹ˳ƶΪ˳ݣΪ֮˳ˮ۶ѡĽޣǺܸߡңڻԸʱ
еȻһЦƽ˵
дԣʢᲢƽڰıƺıҪ⣬⡣˵
Դðģ˭ڴлģѱ١
޷ǾͷȺ¶СѡģǷ̫ˣҪƻʢᣬҲҪû
л˵
ЩϢֵ͵һʱǰȥ飬ܶìͷָͷߡ


1762 ʢῪ
ͷ߿ɲֻҪƻʢᣬͷųԣ˵ʢֻǴ׵۳һıͲҪʢ磬Ҫǰǿߣȫһ򾡣ιΪеļ£üۣɫէһòš
Ȼŵģ󲿷ֶ壬пûмŵġ
˭Ƕо
ʢѣԴ׵ĵ̣ôܻвˣЩȫõĳһ㶼ġһЩȴ˼ɣϾ׶ǵ̬ȵΣ˭ı仰Ǵġ京壬Ҳ֪ĺ
ΪȻ
ֿ֪Բ󣬿úܶа衣Ȼ˵һμӣһЩǻеģУʢȳ·ѹһ¡
ֻǣڴǰһжȻ
ЩСѡ
ʱȻţһ֮䣬Ѿʮʮʮ죬ľϦ
֮УܿҼһңһոµĶǰ⣬ȫװļΪϲ죬½ɳУԵַǷ¼ңȫµĿʼȫµϣ޵δһ꣬ͷ·ǿµһ֪öΪ֮˷ܵߡ
Ȼβ磬ɴȴҪʢᡣ
Ȼ׵İǲܲ뵽УݿɿϢ׾ʱУʱֱֻҪԸ⣬пʢеĸֻ泡ͬǰáȻԲһܿĵںܶ˵Ѿȫ㹻ˡ
ҪģǴ׷ٲʢľ
ʢ
ңĳϦÿһɳжٰӦף磬ֱݣȵȣһǳϲ졣
ͬʱֲ԰ֳѾ뵽ɳУȵ󣬻רһƽǣڣҲǰ԰棬Ϧҹ֮ʱ̿ڿͬʱɳҲʩչֳͶӰķʽͶŵÿһɳС
ȻͶӰܹɳС棬ûκη
и°յһ㸣
ֳУܹܵȤܵȫ㹻㹻ǶȹһĳϦҹ
ʢеĵص㣬ڵ۹Բ԰ݱɵ԰
һξĵص㣬һԷ棬꣬ǧ꣬һһʢӣһƮ裬ۼˣĿĻ
񣬸Ǳװ쳣
һڣһΪأҶΪΣܣ㻷ƣͬλ֮У̤룬·ɾһˣһɡ
вμϯı֮ͣϯһֱµܡ
һԷУһνһۿȥ塣ÿһ궼ʮïܡǣһѾʢЩϽңЩȻʲôƷ֣ɷ磬ҲǱȽƽʱѳԵѵһȣȻǲֵһᡣ
ֵƷףһϡ
˿̣ܿŮش󣬿ٲųءÿϯϣȻķһ̵Ҫģңңÿһ֣˶󣬲Сͷ­ǰһͿԷһ̣εңóģңҲ֮ΪҡңϯϣȻȻ˸һɹ⡣
һ۾ܿǷƷ㣬ȴʼΧûɢݳָ֮⣬ұһֱܣУ̺ͬҵľ
ұԡ
˭󣬶Ҫ̾һҡ
Ǻҡ
һԷУһϽңǶԪңԪ˿ͻƾ磬һ꣬һԷеڸӾ޴棬һ۳һƽ̨棬ȻһŴ͵ʻΣԳһ֮
棬ڷųĸңࡣǿʮһ£Ҳоκӵ
ʣ۹Ůλá
ʢᣬȻֻǳһЩѣϯϣиָĶʳһѾҵĽ⿣εʳԸֶʳĽ⿣ȫʳȫȨһͨĲϵвͬȻһԤʢ硣
Ҫ֪Ķʳģкܶ࣬һǶǼ۸ˡܹһƽʱǿߣѵһӲҪ˵Ҫĳʦ⿡κһݣ棬Ǽ۸Ⱥһܹܵĵġ
ңУʩеˮϯһݷϣµġʼձϯζȡµϯʮŷʳȡֱΪֹȻҲʱͣ
ԲԣȫԸ
ЩǴΪ׼ͬʱ֣磬裬֡ģǴеңԲṼĸ
׼Ƕʢᣬֳӡ
£޲ǴΪעǴչֳɵʱ̡
֪УʱѾ
һϦʱ
ˢ
ȻԿһ貵Ĳʺӵ۹йᴩա·һŰ㣬ȻƳ¡
һǲʺš
˿̣ڲʺϣȻܿһߴһھ޽ȻϣһɫսףĮĿ磬·ܶأ˷·ʺȫΪһ塣
һ𣬺Ȼ֮ǰоĵĻ񽫣ڵֺվ䰲ڲʺϣΪʺŵ񽫣ʺƿزʺŵǿʺţ˴͵κƶλãҪԣν˲
ңҲõд񽫡ϧķѴԸ飬Ϊֱӽ龳۷ľ磬һս֮ǿ֪Уķ
زʺŵְλɽ
û˭Ժ
۾ʢᣬʽʼӵ뺯ߣԿƾ뺯ʺţ嫺⣬ֻҪԿɱʺŽǰμʢᡣ
һһ䣬ƽ³һ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿ׵۳Ǵݵӵ뺯ʿԺУܹĸо
ʢڿˡȻֱӿʺŽн˵ʺǴ׵۳һսرΪſӵǿսѸٽص㡣κ𹥻׾ڣûжϷ׵ġʺŵĿٴ
̫ˣ嫺⣬ΪϲᣬȻвʺŽ̫ܵˣ׹Ȼۺ񣬳ǴչֳǵļⰡ
ǿ߷׷̧ۿգֻҪԸ⣬ܸܵڤڤдڵĲʺţǸоͺһڴ󵶣ͷʱпܷһεвӿС


1763 ʥ
Ȼģ˵ε壬ͷɶڴװ˵ȴܸܵһǿҵİȫУвʺڣǲܸӵİȫκΣգֻҪвʺţͿԵһʱ䣬ǲǰ֧ԮЧʣֻҪһɱǸɳǵİȫ˴
ԣ֮Уտһ¶Цݣ𾴡
ˢ
Ȼ̾Щõ뺯ˣɷ׷׿ʼ߶뺯ʺŽ
ֻһ߲ʺ⳯ѩȥһ̣һɷǵʿ֮䣬ư׷ȻĴ£ɢεʣǱˣɽŵӣԱߣһ׷ԲԵߣϣܸܵһĪĸϢ·ѾҪߵͷ
ϵȴʮֵľˣû˭衣
ɽеһ̣һΪﵽ龳ǿߣȻǰ򲻵ѣԲ׳ģһ϶ɽŴﵽΣʱ̡Ҫ֪ǰɽţֻţǿߣӦ񾳲Ŷԡֻǣڿɽŵ껹ġ٣һλﵽ龳ε߾û¶Ҫ¶ɽҲţﵽҲδزܡ
ϾߵԪѾͻƽ٣⼸ʮУǲܽġһڱֳ
ֻǰͻƣʼմڷӡ֮Уû¶ѡ
ɽˣֻҲô򵥣ⲿƷȫпܻõԯ޵Ľֺڹؼʱ̣ǻġ
ߣɽ̫ϴӡǰģѾ䣬˭֪ûһֱΪ̣ѹˡ
ЯǰĿĺܼ򵥣ǾеңǶֻ꣬ҪȥӿɵĻȡǧԪǾлᣬϻͯǽ˿ľ괺µлٴͻƣ̨ٴͻƣﵽ֤
ЩᣬСҲһϣ
ϣֵãһд۶ֵá
ʢᣬԡûᡣˣֻҪܹ˳ɹͻƣҪе飬˭˵˵ѡ
ʢһɹУǲ֪ҪڰгнӴ׵һ㣬˭޷ϵġھǴڣھǲڣûܡ
ȻЩʱ򣬽Ǻ¡
磬һ򵥵ӣ׶׳ϵͺܺõıֳһ㡣׶Ǿҳ飬Ϊ飬ֻҪлᣬͿԻ壬𣬶׳һﵽһĿѾˣԭǶ飬Ҳɳˡ뷽跨ĶܣӱծһЩԺģǻֱһݣԷˡ
ֻҪԷɱȻһ˰ˣʲôˡνծҲʧˡ

˶ˣǻʲô
٣һǲڵġ
˵УȻҲͬĵ
ʢᣬһɹУǶнеıͣǷҲһʵǿٰߣȫпܻᱻģԲǣĵᣬ۰һİǡ
ҾͶ˭˭ҳ֣˭֮ġ
Ȼǣǲ뷨ġ
ɽӵ
񽫽ӹ뺯ſڼ䣬һ쳹׵۳
ʢᣬֻҪ뺯ͿԵõ׵۳ĻᣬɣһµĻᣬ٣嫺嫺ܱ߽򣬶ȥΪ֪׽ʢᣬעҪʷġ
⵽
ţͿʺϣһģʿϣͬʱҲһߣϢ֮ǰʮƣԪľˡ
ʣ֪ʢоҺ󣬵һʱ뵽ԽԼһǿ߻»ĿܡȻԥѡμӡҲͷųеһ̬ȡţԸܴ׵ĺ⣬Ը
ǵĳ֣ȻԿһŷ׷׳֣ȺõʺŵĽڲʺϣңõ񽫵Ĵŵǣһס
֮С
ʿ׷̧ۿʺţֻҪԸ⣬Ŀע֮£ȻȻܿʺϵľģһ֮ѡ
һţƷ׶У͵ǣߵĴﵽǣţƺûг֣Ͳ֪׾ڣǷУմڴ׾ڵţһ⣬󲿷ֶҪ׽ãǴϾ׵ʵĿãռ嫺ĴףѾгɾһʥصǱ
ĴףκοߣռʲôôܵǰδеĴ
ܽŵģûж˭ɵӣǻڵġǿʾã̬ǿɳܣʶʱΪܡ
壬԰ޱ䵽
嫺ҵ
嫺굽
峤ĺ

ʱƣȻԿһǿ߷׷ȻΪһЩԶ˼ɣջûѡʢ᲻ֻǳԼöҶѣǹغδˣ˭ܶ޶ԡ㲻пܾͻ˴׵ĺ
֪ʲôʱ򣬴׵ĴͻԼſڡ
ֿܣ¼ʲҲûжȥģοǵ뺯ǴԷųģ涼յġ˭ҲضԴ
һǰδеʢᰡʲôʱЩ忴壬ҲҪϹϾӵһҪԹǰ磬һҪֳ֮顣
׳գ壬׳գҴףѾ˵һ㣬ֻǴײֻڴײܿ׳հƯһסϦȸݡ
һǿ̤ϲʺţǰ磬װգȻӿֳǿҵ˷Ժģȫõͷš
ʢ󣬵۳յ㣬Ѿʥֻͥٹһʱ䣬ͻӭĻᡣ˾̾һλ治Ǹɱҹս治
Ѫ⣬Уһ޴ɽϣ纣ƶ֮ϣٲȻܿӰȻƶˡһܿһɫһڹŽں󱳣һΣνӢǷŮӿ󲿷ֶᱻ㵹Ůеˡ
ǡ
ʣѾŮܿܵģƮȻɣ硣
ţȷʵĸеʢᣬҲȥΪϱȻڵʢȲʢᣬֻƣδǱޡǵģǷˣȷʵҺǺ档Ҫһ׵ۡ
һҡŴǣȵĴЦ˵


1764 
ţȷʵ߹ôǿʢһ˳ѵǣУɳѹҰԹ棬ǿʢȻѹռ䣬ȴΣĳ̶ֳϣѾһֹ棬Լı崥׷ϧһеʯ١һߵģǻ纣
һСë¿ϵһ˵
ֹߣ˵ʮʺ硣Ҫһ·ǵ壬𷴿ǿĵ̣һδײ֮£Ҳ޴ˣɵΣ˳ڣա׾ͺܺãռ䣬ͬɳѹʱʱ̴̿һ־֮Си
һʼʩĹߣʣ˺ܶ⡣
ҲǴܹǿʢԭ֮һ
̽飬ڴ׾ڣӦһλתڴˣھͿܷҵ¹λˡ꽣Ц˵ɫ䣬¶һĨ΢Ц
һԪսҹλѽ䣬ֻʣ¶ǶҲ޷׻ع飬ٹҲһԪеĻᣬǻ֮ݱҵ鶼޷ҵ޷棬¹λҲǲеңģͨ»ȥһԪ¹λٻһҲǻһĪԵֻһΣ޷С
ҡǴ󺺸̾
˲Ǳˣ϶еŹϣ
һԪսУ϶һһεĴսսУȺ䣬ֻԲд棬ںϺȾѣңתڳ˯УҲĴѰɵټ֮¹޻ۡ
ŹϺͺ룬ȺҵԾѡ
ǰǸӦڴ֮Уһת֮Ҫ档¹λ
þʵ
Ļ룬ɵĴ˵ǧţνʮ־ˡǽ֮ںУס飬ٴתͶ̥
ɵأǣŮٸƶλ񣬶ҪҲҪȥѰɣж
θɣ׾ʢᡣ
߰ɣ֮׵УħսУҲЩ飬ξʢᣬôҲҪֱˮȣƷһҵζҪ֪УǿоſᣬܲƷһ¶ſ֮˳㻹һЩֻʥҺֻʥҺҪѾѵѶҲ󽵵͡ǿǺö
Ц˵˵ʱᶼ̲ס΢΢䶯һ¡
Ĵɾ
׵ѣƶɣ֪ھʢᣬ֪ܷȥֱˮȡ
ſڳŲʺϷ
ԼѪ⣬ܷ񴫵жУ˿û⣬Ϊ˳֮ҪԸ⣬˳Уûжסġ
ڵ۹еУľĺΪﵽһΣǼ磬ֻҪ֣ӦһִܵӦ
ӲҪ˵Լ˳С
һʱѾĿ˳ŲʺѾѪ⣬ƶеˣһ˿
ë¿Źϣк룬û뵽еλһҲǺ¡Ժпתͷλǰʢᣬ͸ӵĸдɫʣУξͱθһڣǳ
οĴܼǿԸǰ磬Ȼһϲ¡
ôܾ֮⡣
ܹǰܾ֮⣬ʤϲλϲʺţ
һЦƽ˵
̺Ļӭ֮ɫȻ׵ı
ˢ
Ȼ䵽ϡ
Ȼûκοܣ˲ͳڲʺϡ׿룬û뺯һԽᣬңΪϱһ㣬ݵλʵ֡
ӭ϶ɣ룬Źλǰ硣
ſھ׽ڴ̹ȥ
¼䣬¼䣬շ׷׿ʺţɷɣһǼ֮ɫǰɰ֪ˣСŰɵĴ˵ġھȻлĿãָоǺ
ȻȻ紫˵еһΣԵǧŮԲ鰡û뵽˵еİɾȻǴ׵۳μʢᣬഫɿͥʢϵϱ˿ǵʢᣬδرʢѷɫ
ôֻλλȥءǷҲǰ硣ڴ
ɶˣȻǴȫʸ˵ʵгɾʥͥ󡣾ǴܼǿߣҲǴ׵Ĵڡ̨̤
УΪ֮ȸԾ
ǿɳ֣ǾǶԴ׵ϿɣһͬȻκ˵ϿɣһеݵλƾʵȥȡȥӵС
ʺţһʺţѹһˡսУܹռݵ֣ǶƿŲáȴӵ档һսһӵ£սǱȻˡ
̾
й˼˵ľȫܹܵʺŶڴ׵ҪԴﵽʲôΣһʺܵˣݻ٣ƻֻǶôĿ¡
ɹ
ȻҪƻʺţҲҪԷû
Σ
Уһֻ޴Զ֪ʲôطðԶıϣȻһλðĳǳأǳƺܿиָĽиָ飬壬Ҳκ壬ʲô濴һͬһ硣
ķԹ硣
׵۳λ׸ϣԶðǰдţ¡
ڳǳУȻԿһ°׳ۣһʣ·Ա˳ķ˵ϴ׺ͣһЦ⣬˺֮ġ
ǰҴ׵ѾȥǰƵʱҪߡһλҲİ̵治١
Ŀãһ˿ɫ
ڣжǺܳԵÿġǴ챦ҲΪ޾ķ㣬ûʲôвȻֵñϲ
ֻǣǰԶϵֻǸ¥ȴһǣ顣ңЩһ۾ܿЩǻŵ顣
Яķ̵ýȻͬ
ӵĳ
ΪͨҲʮ壬պҴ׾ʢᣬ֪ԸϯƷһ¡еĻ֮գ䷢롣
׵룬ܲӦ
ЦǺǵ˵


1765 ı
ţ
ţ
΢΢һ鴤һֳ̼ţһţЩ̻ΰŻǼٳأһ㣬׽ȷʵѼ̵ĶȤζиȤģԶϵǳأԲͬѰһ衣
л׵ʢ룬ԶζֻĳˣвٵĸԶζĿˣϣ۾ܹ׼ǽףԸⶨӴף۾󿪷֮š
վڲʺϣŵ۹ڷһ˵
ȻԣԶ飬Կȡʱݣȡʱ켮ɳɳǣʱϻƣöӣõ켮ǲⷢŵġ
׵ͷڴӦ
ҲǳصһĲ²⡣
̻ͷԾε⣬ڳ۴Ʊ֮ĶǣѡԶΣֻҪ൱ƵĴۣѡ̺ǱȽǵѡ٣ֻˣɱӻ
ԺпһͷԳ
Ĳ˵ԶԣԳյضܵڰȫϣǾֵģ;Ϯܵꪳɳ
һ㣬ͬʿΪصġ
ֻҪȫֻҪţǲδϣһеĿܡ
һҪҪǰطȻǶʿо޴Ǽ۸񰺹һ£ҲԸ⸶ݡƱͺñڣԶִ׵۳Դ׵İ٣Ժܶʿ˵Ǿױȵ
һڴۿ󣬾ͻѡ£뿪
УµĿԼߡ
ϾУͲû˳Ѿ쳹ķУ֧ͬĴڣ֮磬Ǿǳġ
֪
ԶУ׵۳ͬһϵˡҪȻһԶδҵʵĵص㡣
ȻڳԶеģȻдǵˣҲôô˵ԵһܡԴˣп൱ĸȤ
˵һܴлȡһЩ˲ţж˲Ǿ̫ˡԶ˵ԣҴеˣδؾͲܽǵǰ򣬲ͬռ鱨ȡѶϢף񲻽ҪǿҪ취߳ȥӴ
ͬڵһʱ䣬ʼתͷһΣδһκûᣬȻ뿪ҪܻҪġ뿪û⣬λڻҪϸ˼һ¡
ûнİ취٣ڴлı
ȻǺ󻰡

̵ĳ֣ǽʢƣֱߡ
˿̣ڴ׾ڣһҰڣʮεİӰռ䣬Ŀ͸ռıϣֱڲʺϣһͽȥһ˿޵Ĺâ
Ƿޣ磬ɲǵ棬Ǿͷ߽ĳʼĿģҪݻٴףɱ׵ۣ֮ǰųȥԣȻЩЧϧû̫ã׸ջ޿ɿܣʵǿɶ񡣡
һ˵
ԲܶԴʵԵ˺һ㣬֮ǰѾй㣬ֻǸ¶ѣΪ׼õȻҽҴ׵ħѹӶᣬǾҪи۵׼Ҿͷߣǳ˿ĬˣһΣĴ񡣡
Ц˵
УһΣյĹâ
һ۾ܿƺԺ
ۣ㵽׼ʲôƻΪʲôҶ˵δЩ̫СĽ˰ɡ˵ٴҿ໥һ£©ȱҳеٴγһεʧ
Щ档
ʵǺڴļƻʲô
Уͬү׶ӣӵױȵˣҪ飬죬ҪԸǣѶȼκ飬ֻҪ漰ףǶ±롣ԸҪȡػսһΣҾҪôףУʧȥ죬ʧȥүľˣǣ롮졯񣬲϶һˣ˴˹ɵĳ֣Ǿ;Բܡ
¶һĨЦУ¶һĨǿҵƶ
죿㵽Ҫʲô
һɻ󣬲׺۵ڰʩʲôļƻ漰죬ȻǱѰ漰ֲΣǾԲС£Ҫʲô©ǿɾǴ¼ɵӰʵ̫
Ҫ飬пܾͷ֯ܵ޷Ĵ̫أ֮ǰǾѾ򲻵ѣǲȥЩ޷ǵĶ󡣱ѡڣ۾ȻΥ˵Լһ㣬ðʮ־ŭ
赣ǣֻǽѣģǣϣȫﾲĿһϷУͷǲḲģһͷٳͷһص˵
һҲû˵ʲô
һеܣҪ˶ãȻ֪ǲܹɹͿļƻˡ
ģμƻɹȻãǲɹ˵ҲûκʧԿ⡣˵

ڵ۹УĪһ˿ӦѪ·Ѫһ㣬ָоʮһ˲ƽʧܹȷһ㣬
Ѫʲô˶ϱˣңнв򣬲ǿҵѪѾ龳۷壬̨֮ңսǾ˲Σ˸ӦͬСɡ
һ˿ͷ
ѪɲǼٵġ
ֻڤڤеһָӦĹĸӦ
ֻǣҪȥ׷飬ȴʼҲеĸԴ
˼˶εʢᣬͲ֪ʩչʲôֶΣǿҲҴ֮ˣţǻǾ͸š
漴һ˿棬ϵۻϣ˲չֳǡڴУڲ֮ءһУֻҪԸ⣬Խ׶ս׾ٵ顣
ʱȻš
ʺϵĽ⣬ǽϵĽ˷ͣȫ֪УִıԽԽ࣬ң己࣬濴ָǿߡ磬ǿߣһչʥʹȻ岢ʹ壬֮仹ġ
ţͷˣͷ˶вμӣڹͷ˵λϣ̻һ޵ë趯ȻռˡôģǾͲΪ֪ˡ
ʱƣѾῪʱ䡣

һƳϿ
ʢʽӭ׵۾١
һ߿Ļ𣬰˷ݳȥ


1766 ɸ

ŵ߿лصУһ޴սƿնڳǰ̫ɢϲãϢޣ糱ˮϯķκһ𣬷·ѹķϯء׺ƥչ¶̫֮սϣսۣͷƽڣһ纣
Ŀ֮ȻȻľη
ߣȻǲΪۺУʸվߣһܸǿߵעӡõڵۺҫʡŮ޷֮ͬУЩҪӵġҪ⣬֮һ֣죬Ϊ۾ۺ󣬸Ҫԣû˵£ԲǡҪϣȴܲӡ
һкͲ𺳵ķʽ֡
һԷУıͣ׷еķһ
۾ۺ󡣡
ʿͬĺ
˭ǰμʢᣬǱȻҪ׵飬ϣ壬ҲʧҪ֪һֱ̣ġһʲô©ֱӶ֮ȥƤ˭˲𡣱Ͼģ˭ݵλġ
˭ﶪƤ
ԣⷬĳġ
Яֲһ̤ǵλϣսҲʧ
λĵѣ˴ʢᣬԣᣬλѾܷſػʳϣҶܳ˶˶顣û֮𣬿Կٱͬ֡
Цſ˵
˵ţǰľƱ˾ʾ⡣
ͬ
бͺԥĶƱһ
ƣȻǶſĶſ𣬺ȥܹһǳһзգģȫεᵱС
֮ǰ˼ںһҲʲôûˡ
һ˼ʳ֮С
þƣǺþưͥҲˣѷɫһǾ𣬴ףǵ񰡡̾˵ңϲĻǰƣſʵӰҪǧҲǲڻ¡
Ѿ⣬֮һҪ취Ūһơ
ʿǶϯϵΪȤܿʿԼǰøԱߵʿǿߣЩˣ󲿷ֶߣϴݳһָϢȻ඼ԪҪߵյˡ
֮󣬶ʱͿЩϵĸ֮ۿɼٶɢ·ľ괺ֱӻһµУԪֲڱ֮ϣٴθֳһȫµ֡α֣ͬҲ֣һ֧ңÿȹһ꣬ɻѺۣۣ֮Ҫһ磬ٴɱЩ֮ۻֱӳڱԴϡ
ۣؼ
ȴбѾľԪʿһȫµĿʼԭȵĸϢʧңҲԪǲԴǵǱ»ָгһĿܡĪԵ
εõĺôʵ̫ˡ
һԭȳ䵱̵ǿߣ׷¶֮̾ɫҪ˵УûԪҩֻǣֲΣѾ𲻵ãֻһԪ׳Դ
УҲԵĸмУмס
ָмĳ̶ֳϣӰ쵽ŶԴ׵̬ȡ
ε档
һЩЯһ˼ңһΪʱͻƣֱӴԭǱϣĳԺУΪһ壬׻ΪáɣҲһǲһ̨ɳĿռ䡣Կһķ羰
ľУȱȽǡ
̣ңһ٣Ժ󰡣ҪΪҼƯϱءһϯǰȻԿһṫӣ߸һѮ̫̫ŷͷȣ׷Ծǵ۾ƺܿµĲɣѾ޾
ãҵĹТ˳ô¹ﲻܣģҵϱ϶᳤úƯ
ЦǺǵ˵һĴ顣ʮֿĵĽҳ¡
ȥͬʱƺһ˿صһǵУһ˿Ĺʡֻǣ¹ƽϿһ̬ӵģ
ף
ͬʱһʶĿһۣڿͫͬʱһ£ţͻָϿʲôȴܸܵ˴˼䣬˹ʶ
ƺһ˿ͬ
Ҳһˣֻ΢΢һЦû⣬Ʒǰζȡ
ģΪҺ󣬻ңЩңٶǧңȥڸȻǱѰȥͬѵõжʳÿһֶƾѵܡ
裡
ʾ
ʱַ׷ɪࡣŮŮ֮ϣ裬Ȼ䣬һɫȹŮӳڲϣͷڣ·ӻ߳ӣʮ־ޡ
մ졣
ſڼ䣬Ȼһ峺͸ĸӿзлصȻĴһ𺳣ܱӦ£˫·ܿڱãӳ
ѳʮ硣
һ޾˸ãġ
ʱҴҶһꡣ
ǧ
ͻȻĸУʿĿۣϣǾޣֿ飬ڵȥŸıöá
ø裬øһߡ峺չĿ̺ϡΣѾмߵľ硣
һƣһϸصŸöĲָоĿ˾̾ɴﵽ֮ΣĪ⣬ս֮ǿ˷ʤޱȡ
ŻŽ
üһѩ
һᰡ
Ұ
Ǹ߿ĸµ𺳡Ǵ裬ò֪ٱͣо𺳡Ǻܶ壬˾޵ĸȫΪ֮۷
ø裬øߣϵ裬ѾǷߵ£ɴ顣һλǰôû˵
¶ޣҲߵֻ֮ǣߵٵǰˣߵǸʵͬһ
Ѽû˵ҲΪ棬ȥһµĻ֪ڴ䣬һɸšݸ裬׬ȡǮƣշǷһλǷɸеųԸɶᣬ֧ɸǰˡ
ƽ˵


1767 
ʵ򣬶֧ɸţл˽ģ֧У󲿷ִֶвģԭȵǸǻһγɵ壬ӵʱһĸ質ݷʽһţڴγɲһĺ䶯νС˿̣еݳ
ȫֱдװУһԿһҹ
һ߸֮󣬷ɸŵҲʮ־ޣо裬ǧֹȵ赸ÿһ֣˾ޣбͣڱУһƷʳһӾʢ硣˫ʢ磬˳УԸʿڳԳԺȺУȻͻơ
õ
ָо·ˮɡ
һУ·ڳõķš
ÿһλϯıͣ޲ǶԴʮ⡣֪УƹѲѾеβڿҪʱͻȻ䣬У׵¶һƬɢɫâĺ硣һɫϼٳִϿգڵ۹֮ϣ·һᴩݡ
ݾͷȻԿһصĳ죬졣һɫ۵ӶУ£ƺһԼ䣬һ֮ȻȻϯѹķϯء־֮ߣ·⣬־
ңţа縡֣ݳ֣ݾͷһףա
ǡ𡣡
ͫһһ૵
λô
ŹҲ¶֮ɫ
ɲѰ֮¡
εģУҲʮǵĲȨְ־ݱ˵ÿһ־һ;ȨԸ⣬ɵ־ӳѷɫκζǿߵս
ǰǾʥ˼ǿߡ
һ𣬶ռݴĵ
κһУǶĴڣȻΪ־Ĺϵ飬ûбϲãֻоԵĹƽƿķչ仯û۵ʶЩľȴиϲá
Ϊһ֣̺Ĳ֡Σ׽ԾģǾǧ磬ÿһ嫺ޱߣǿޱȣڴǧУҲĴڣÿһһĵϳӪڡ
ңʮΣڵ׼䲻¶⡣繲档
ܶǿߣҪݷǣҲ޴ҵžֻǻû˽Ӵֻ˭ǿ϶УһΣͨʿ󼰵ġ
ɾĴڣѾӳգǵĴڣǿߣӣֻӵӣԱӣȴǡ
ϵĴڣͬҲĵ֮һҹֶΡ
ȻôûжʿԴ⡣
ڣǾӵ굮״ǰ¶Ӱټ
𣿡
̧ͬۿգ˭ȻӴһλȻֻһϷҲܸоõԸ񣬾ǼΪŹ֣Ī⣬׽ĵز
յ𲻿ܳڴײŶԣ뺯ҲܷǵУϾûа취ӴҪͣҲ͵ĵƫƫǾȻˣңͬһʱ̳֡ô¡
Уһ̣ҲɵЩ¡
˿̣Ǵεľͷ߻С
𾪵Ŀۡ
ۣ˵죬еľǿߣôܽӴĵôǡ㵽ʲôɱΪ£ͷ֯޵ԨҪȻҹ֮УȻᱩŭǶкùӳԡ֮ǰΪħ飬Ѿܵγ⣬ǶҪ
۶Ȼʵ
ɫ˵൱ĸӡ
ţ⾹ȻǺŪġ
һģǾ൱ˡ
ģֻǽҪжѣ飬ҿûв룬ҲҵϣǾͷߣǲġ
һƶʮŵ˵
ֻǸһڣһ̨׶ѣĶȴǾҪģңѾܾĶ
һ㣬Ҫġ
ߣˡ
һ˵
¿֪
Ц˵

λٱʢᣬνʢԣ֪ԸλϯƷһʳĳԵʢпڳл³һ
һ׵ۣһʢᣬѾӽβٽȻҵڴ˿ǰ磬Ǻε
һ𣬻Уһ·ܵصŭ⣬Żһڲ˸󣬷·ڷŭһ㣬һε壬һѹȻϯɳеĴװնоڿ籩£ʱ㸲һ㡣
ⲻܣеõ뺯ģѾ뺯дĺеʱڳϦ֮ҹҹ֮ʱῪʼ֮ʱʺҲʼӵ뺯ıͣܽʱƺڡе뺯һģһܳ©ܱòͬ
ͫһԥ˵
ںڹ˵ʲôܱġЦҪ¼Ǵ׵滹顣ȫ޻̸֮
ΪڲƭôⶫԼȥ
һٳ¡
ɻ׳ġ
ˢ
˹ȥһ󣬾ͷ·оһתĵƬһµķ֮ͬҪпס˫ֱָӱ顣
һһУͬͬһ㣬Ϭһָ
ȻȻӿֳһɰ˲佫̺ϵΣǿж
Ҳһ̽
һ̽ӲǾˣҲûʲôˡ
ϵģһ
ȻܿԴ׵ʢ룬ģһģһֻǣڣ˸ģĵϦҹһ֮ʱ¾ɽʱ̡
ȻʱԲԡ
ȷʵǴ׷ǲʻϣûκģʱ䷢ı䣬ģһжû
ǡǡ¾ɽʱ̣ʱ̡
ȴǰμĩ磬Բиʣô
ʲôˣǾ𣬺εȵݵλûеõܵ裬ܴ衣ĳ裬˶ưոݣӲҪ˵ǡ
һթһŪ
ȴУεĶ
ǹģҪʲô
Ժһͷ


1768 Ŀ
ʲôĴڣ۷ǿߣϵĴڣӴ;ûУôܸǵȥο⻹޼ֻɢ嫺⣬ô˾׼ĳھС
ңڣǸĹġ
Ԥıľٶ
ͬڽӵʱԾʵһ䣬ܴĦ顣ֻҪ룬е׼ȷʱ䣬ĳԺУƫƫѡϵʱǰѾ˵⡣
˭͹ȥġ
˭ĵġ
˵Ҫ
Ҫǣ䵽СһҪĽݡһУҪ
ı
ھԵǰıϲ̨С¶ѡ
ǲܷһ㣬˭ĿܣˣıҲͬˣֻһЦ֮Ŷԣƫƫȴѡϵʱ֣ΪʲôԲֻԼһƤ
׺Լѿ
棬Ȼиεڡ
ҪôԾˡ
׵ۣ׷ġǷд֪ͨҵ¾ɽ֮ʱǰ磬ȴҵȳиʣףǷЩ̫ˡ
Ц˵
Уƺһ룬ͻŭй
ȻûдȷʵҴ׷뺯ȻλԴոյᣬֻǿҴǿ߹ͣˮԷУϯȾλ𽵹󣬾λ롣
һ˿ɫȴû¶κڷǺ飬Ҫ˵۸ˣɲ׵˫棬׵Ҳᱻݺݼ̤Ψһƾ֮ٽݾֱӴӦңʾѾƼȣ䡣ͻǾλݵλ׵ӡ
ңֻ˵˵ѣ˵䣬ˮԷУаѾһʱ䰲źһУʳһʳȡͬʱóңǷ꣬ĸꡣеĹȫǰһš
ֻҪܸܵеӡ
Щֻ˲Ϣɲá
濴Ѿ׼õġ
ŵζĿϡ
ͻȻ֮ǰǲ֪ģ˶ݵʱڣоȻ뵽˰취ңһʱӦ֮Ӧ֮޻˵
˵ǳԲиʣһϯѾɣ˼ѾרΪʾǵ׼õϯ棬һ˽磬Ǻεȵӣεȵ𾴡
ȫǷѵɺͽڡ
ĵˮ©
ǾԴĿĶҲ޷ڴ˿̷ѡ
á
໥һۣҲûоܾĿûдﵽôܾʹ뿪һѱл⣬ǾʽﵽĿġŵˮԷС
ѣλԸһͬǰ
пɷ
ʢ磬ܴ
ǱǵǾˣԾ𾪣ȴҲûη壬Ǵ׵۳죬ִơ
׵ͷתˮԷ
һΣпԵĽ棬ֻ£еճ̶ȣеҪӿ¡
ۣľڿҲ׵͸ƽˣڶûˣ㻹ôҿ϶׻ַ
ǹŹֵĿ˵
ģʲôˣǼȻǲﵽĿģôܻưոݣžǣһԿϢġε飬ΪֽţҿǶõԡҪȻҲ޷Լ棬׵Ҳ޷κǿҲֻҧ¡
۶Դ˿ʮֵĵ⡣ȻӦԵ÷ǲǹӲдѡ绹ҪҪľ档
ˮԷС
ֻ԰УֳһٲЩٲ峺ˮˣˮУγһλðУѾ׼ϯ
ڷģ֮ǰᣬϣҪ߳һң˵ңʵңģϣȫ޷ȡ
Զһϯ󡣾ȴһ˿֣ŭǾ죬ǾǵǵĴڣص־
˵ʱǵĿ΢΢һ䣬Ҳû˵ʲôеֻǱͣЩҪصġԽģȻԽ
Ȼ⣬ȴûж˵ʲô
º󣬶ǰʳû̫ȤҲȻƷ
ò˵ҵζǼƷеļƷܹᵽ޾
ҵζþҲ΢΢ͷңȷʵѷɫ٣ĳ̶ֳϣƷͬġ
ƷңǵĿڡ
Ժȡ
Ҫǲ۱ģʢֵó޵ģ˭˵
𲢲ΪƷʳ
ƹѲĬ
пϴڣһ˵ʢѾлλܹǰμӣʢᣬʣ´ʢٴξʱһλǰ롣Ȼõʧ
УͿ͵˼Ѿ¶൱
κֻҪ׻̺˼ɾȴȫװһ㶼ûҪ뿪˼һ㣬ȫǵݲԳơ
׵ۣ׵۳Ϊһ˳ͬҲؼһ˳УνǷչļΪǿǼȥֻ²̫ס쿪˵
ӡѾԭȱĸǿߣѾƷЩǿߵʵ˲ݻһɳǣɱǧ飬ǧ֮ڣݲеǿߣӳյĴܡĴܣһ˿ɵйţֻ²ôףҪٸѹβΪѰһЩ棬̡ţܻܶԴ׸Ȥ
Ҳ˵
У̺˼Ѿʮֵԡ
Ͳ׽ˡ
üһҪΪ׵ĿɽҪ֮УǵҪʲôôĿĵΪʲô˿ôôӵиεĿġ
ɶһۣжֳһ˿𺳡
аһݣĿѾԣѾϴףƺǿ׼ڴУӵҪĶҪײϵڻֻΪοɽ˼һϵ˭ܱ֤ǲи
չֻһ㣬̫ǿҪУɣһҪִˣʲôӰ졣һ㣬˭޷
ǵǣ𵽵Ҫʲô


1769 
λ˼ǣǿԱҴ׵۳
һ˵
ȻԣǱӣǴ׵۳ɾţʥͥǸǿҲ֮ң˼κǿߣκδͨߣгײεĵˣᱻɽʡõѹʱڣ׿ɳɾ֮ǰһǿϯ˷بŴ½ǵĵλ
Ȼ˵
ǵݣһ۳ǲҪ̫ɡȫ׾ٵ顣
֮УûмҪ󲻸ߣֻҪڴÿһɳУΪҵȽۣ׼°ǰ룬ҵݵλҵԵӴס
еߣƽ˵
˻ݻȥ飬ɱֻתкýڤҲ˵
ڱ£װգɸɵصϷҪͻƣԶ֮ǰҪӵסĮ˵·ǵĮ顣
ڱ£װտħʴΣաʱͬʿҪӼ򵥡ħһֹϢ˵
ܹ׸ָıݣָıӣɵľͿô׽ʥͥͥĸ߶ȡ
ȴ˿ûзɡ
¼䣬ûϵڱ飬УҲ壬̺塣Ŭõջ񣬸ۣö档ô޳ȡꡣ
ĸĿʲô޷²⣬ڵĿģѾԣҪִ׵۳ڴУռһϯ֮أǼΪҪλá
µĲڣǽ
һƾǵʵǱĬ£Ӱ׵۳ǲµģʱ򣬴֮Ǿ𡣱ܿյӣȻֿԲ󣬵ҲСΣô׳һ˿ܡ
οУûûУɣԼеɲýʽļ룬ļ룬ֻǼʥͣڴУΪսʿӢ顣Ѫǡ
ȻԸ˾У֮УҪ־С
ûУֻǣּУǴ֮б
׵ľ񣬱ǿϢὫϣ֮ϡ֪ԭνҲֻߣֻǣߵĵ·ҪԶһЩʲôңɼֻҪԼŬӵиԵǰĤݵԼͿǡ
˶ԣֺαҪĤǡ
ĤݣǶеһּԼϽȻǲȡġ
ԣʼգûڴνԣУûνûйԼԼǷң
ԴװտǵΪʵӵеͨǰ൱𣬵ʯɽҲ־
ǲװռһġ
ǾҲһ
̣ⲻܡ
ԺѾһ²⣬ֻҪףΪ׼ˣԴװ̣Ȼߴ׵ˣˡƿش׵ˡ
֪׵۾Σ˶˫
а𻺻˵ü䣬ɢһаʡ˲һ˿Ȼ
λҴףȻǺ£ֻǣҴڿ֮Ѿ¹ߣ񣬵ϧѪսޣ岫ɱ֮УǿԣʼգҴ׾Ͳΰ£ֻ±ҲΪһȻ˵
ϣѡܾ
ȻһܾпֱӶµĴУЩþܾҪܾ쵶ն飬ȷңоܾɣоܾʸ
ԸǲԸ⡣
ɳµΡ
Ѫ˵
С
кԥľܾ
ѾܾһΣǾͲںܾڶΡ
ЩԭԵ⣬ǲ˿˲һ˲ֻ˲
׵δЩ̫˰ɡ
Ц˵
ѾԸܵһ˿ŭ⡣
ܾǾǱݺݵĲ˼¡ңɲûбˣڡҪȥǵ顣
Ƥ졣
׵ۿҪҪ֪ɹѡֻдһҪȵҵȱҪڣǿɾˡ
Ҳ˵
УвѾЩֱԡ
ߣϣ׵㽫ڡ
Цһһ䣬Ѿԭȵλʧ̤ϼ⣬ʧСȻѾֱӷˡӱӰУܸܵһǿѹƵŭ
ֻƺ˼ʲôûֱڵ۹зŭ
ҲһУƺҲʲô˼ɣշһߣ׷תȥ
Ȼǲɢ
ڴϿյľ磬׷䲻
ȻһεԲꡣ
׵ѣֻմȾϴ鷳ˡ
һգ̾ǿʥһĴڣκһλѹţӳգĤݣʥ˻Ҫ󣬴һ־׼䣬衣ҪΪڴ׵۳Уֻ£Ѿֱӽŭҵܻܲȥδ֪
ھĹ˼ɻܲ²һġ
Ǵ׵۳Ĺ־УκʿвСѹƣǵ֣ӵ򷨲ֵԡȻԣܵġֻԵġؼǣ˳֮ءǴܣҲԸԼ
ȻҲһþûֱӳֵԭǻĹ˼ɡʲôҲ޷²⡣
ѣ֪λǷ֪ǰ׵ͼΪΡһѯʵ
ֲεĴڣԳۣҼǵʦ˵еҪ߲εĵõɱ䣬ǳѣҪˣؽͬȥ㲻ˡһԪʥˣҲˣ۹£ٶȱø졣ӦǿˡҪϴҴ󴬡
ɫص˵
飬ȫͲܹ˵ġ֮ǰ壬ҲˣһΪǣǾǾͶ㣬ΰؽڼҪͻƽԶ֮ǰҪ
׵۳ؼ˳ӵеǴﵽʮ׵ĿֲΣռ嫺ӵӴ˿ڻһʱ䷢չףͿ˿ڷ˵͡ʼαˣǺεȵӴ
ƺϴףҲûʲô˵ȥġ
вôãʼոоиεĿڡ


1770 
Ծǲ³ֻҪĳʵ֣ʱڣһСɱɴǳ۰һİ˿ȴ׵۳ѷɫǵĵ̣ȫԽһݰǿзֳɵ۳ʥ֮ͥͥ
ߵ̶ֳȣҲʲô¡
ǻһֽŶѣķһЩǵķ֣һжпܡ
ǵıӣһ컯
ԲֻΪ׵Щն
ΪЩûбҪǴ󶯸ɸꡣ
ԣʼûȫţֻΪﵽǵĲΣδľеôҪûͷ£޷ҳؼĵ㡣
һͷԺ
ʲôڲͬĵط
һʳԺС
Уʲô˳ͬġ˲֪ȴǾǣ˳˳ףȴǴ˳ֽ٣ľʱһٳɾʹ˳ײֻһ㣬ôҲûȨҵλ
Ҳ˵ڴУܵעӡ
õĴࡣ
ĳ̶ֳϣҲ޷浽׵ķչ
һ㣬ô׵ǱǿʢԸӵĵز
٣ھ֮¡
ˣ˵ãһܵĿ̽
ȻҲпܲǣϾ׽ʱδǴ˳飬ûйĿܣǴĳ;ֿ֪ܵܲûС
΢΢ü
Ǵ˳й¶ȥĻֻ£Ǻ£ȻΪʸ֮ģǱɷƻ۵֮أ֪жٴܰп̽ϵ֣壬Ŵ׳ɳȻʵţɻûоãֵܹ干ͬ
һ㣬Ӳܶ˵
׵̫ǣԾݣҪԴףҲֱܲӳ֣ǴƺѹЩĻԴ׵ʵ⣬ֻǶԴ״һЩ׵ɲҲ֡
ŹЦ˵
˳ˣйˣ˻۹£⣬˳ڤڤеһˡ£һ˳޷Լ˳˲ʥ˶Գ֣̺ҵǵҵλҵĳ
ˮڣǾҲҴ׵ͷнǿϢǰ·ΣҴȫ¾ǡΣѣҴװգη塣
һȻ˵
ֻҪ³ǴײһеС
Ҳ΢΢һЦȻԼ£ֺα̫⣬취ܱҪĶࡣʲôнķ
Ҳûмһ⣬˴˼䣬̸˵أ˵Ź£һ̸նʱýȻͬ˴˿Խ֮£Ȼʮ졣

ھͷ߻С
۰ĿþԴŭȥıӰжһ˿Ц⡣
ۣôȷһײ϶ìܡʲôʱ˵ı㡣۹ŹֵĿۣǹѯʵ
Ϊ֪׵һܣܣǾûа취ܵġֻҪ֪ǾһԴУҲԲӦҪ󣬰ʱ仹̣ܶңոտʼʱѾƬأ֪ԶҪĶࡣЩ
ص˵
ĵ֮һͬһʱھռλĸԭ֮һ
ô졣
һۺۣѯʵ
ʲôԾݣδŭȥ϶ǲɢǵĵλȻԳ֣ҪԸףͬҪԳֻ֣Ҫ΢ʾ⣬ͻǿԸǳ֣׵鷳СˣǴݻٲ˴ףҲô׵ķչͷ޴Ķá
Ц˵
ֻҪôײܣǾҪġһжҪ
໥һۣһЦ֮󣬷׷䲻
ֻҪϷѡ

Σʮ꣬վǳ׹ȥȻ뵽ʮꡣ
֮в֪ŭȥ飬ֻǿʢľУеĸֻ棬УνǲܵյĹע׷
Ƕеңʮֵ
Ŀãͨڳ¼Һ̼䣬Ϊͻƣֱͬһ㡣ۿ׷ߣҺ󣬷ϻͯĽȻǲԶġ
Уӵļᶨ
Ϊǿߣڴ׳УһƷӵϯʸҲڰڴһʢеʱ䡣ϣʱԼڡ
⣬һƬϲ졣
̻ƮɳǶޱȡиָĻ
ȻֵĻ
У߶ս壬ԲУ໥ɱϷѰȤгȺӣһǰģһδ̽գ̽УѰұػԵ
Уȱٷ
ֻҪԸ⣬иָȥ
˿̣ڵ۹У֮ǰһͤУǰ裬ɢ˵ϢĿ񶼻Ϊ֮ܡ
ܿѾ̸һʱ䡣
˴˼ķΧԵû졣
ѣǷƷ֮֡
кһڲˮѯʵ
Ʒ֣֮ȻУֻǣƽʱΪֻ֪֮нЦ˵ʵҲʲôܣ۾Ҫ֪ĳȻ
Ըꡣ
ƽ˵
ʵǵĻֺܼ򵥣Ҳһǵ֣һֻ̣ײ̣ӵԶͿһ̣Ȼһ̣ͿԶΣ̵ţؼ䣬ɵΣڸ򣬴ڸյءѾо̵ʸ񡣡
ſ̸̵鲢û
һ̣ӵԶ񣬽Լ̡ӵһƷþʸ
̣нӵжƷӵвͬƷﵽһ֡
̣ӵǼƷӵвͬƷﵽһǧ֡
̣ɱ䣬̳ǣ̳ӵǼƷӵвͬƷﵽһ֡
̣̳ǽԶɱ䣬пٴԽյӵǼƷӵвͬƷﵽʮ֡

֮Ǽ̣Ųûпڽܣƺģûд͸¶
ۿԶϣѾһ̳ǣӦǼ̡
ζĿţ˵
һ㣬ڻֻǼ̡Ǽһξ룬ţ´μ棬ӦþͲˡЦǺǵ˵۾


1771 
Ǽ̣ڶԣѾʮ־ˡ
Ҫ֪γɵڣҲǽʮѣֻ˵ǹȥʮ꣬µһ꣬ŸոտʼѣȫԺԲƣɴ֪ǰΣܻȡĺôжô޴ǣںϣһƬңĵر˵ֱ͸Ǽһ
ĸʱȻ̵һʢ磬ʱڣ̳ɳٶȾˡ
ȻǼҲʮֲġ
һͻƣɱ̳ǣȫһΣʿǳ۴ƱЯķǶʿо޴ڴУд̳ĸʿǿߡڴۿ
дʿ
Щʿܶ඼ǶԴ׼Ϊ⣬Ͼ˳ңиָ˵ȫʮֵĺ档
Ŵװնĸۡ߶ս磬̽գƵֱֳͨûǾĿɿڴơ
д׵ķƽġ
һɳǣ޲ַǷƽκεطĽǶǿԵԴǣУÿһɳǣʶʮֵۺ񣬷ḻޱȣ˾̾
κһɳǣʷκ۷ʢʱڣҪ١
ؼǣУȫʿûκżֻҪش׵ɷʵǿҲܵѹʲôġ
׵ĸֲţ֮ء
ͽ˵Ұޡ
磬̽
ܹ໥սա
ܹ޳޵
ȵĻõΧḻʣȫԴ
Խ࣬ڴ׾Խӵȫеʥأʥء¼䣬֪ܲҵİ֮ءؼǣ壬Ϊ
̶ʿҪѰõ֮ء
ɣʮַһ㡣
嶥˲ţҲҪѰܹԼӳһѧ̨ףɣõѡ֮һԸѡΪеĵ
Щڴߣʮֵ⡣
мʿԼһ¥лۡ
ЩҲ˵
Žһ漴ͽ뵽ŵ̳ǵС
̳ܿǵķΧһ㶼С£סʮ˿ڣ˿ڻ¡׾
ң̳У˿Ѿдװս̳ι䣬ڣ̯ģ󲿷ֶǸ壬ϣνǧٹ֣ʲô͵ĶСֻ벻ģûûеġ
ȻЩ̵ʿڷųƷҲϡŹ֡Ǹеز;ռ챦ܶ඼Щȷʵܲװ̳ι䣬һҲ²Ͼ̣ƽʱѵһÿһԵ
ŮСҲ̳ߣ²ĹŽ֡
кֱӳ̳еĺġλõһ¥¥죬׺ʯǡһۿȥܸܵһֱݺᡣԳ̵ǿ
۾롣һ䱦ĳռ챦֣˵е۾Ҫ䱦Ц˵УԼռıǻ൱š
Ȿ۵ҪϸֻҪãǮƲ⡣
ƽ˵
ҲǴٴνȻЩУǸͣڶ࣬챦ˣԼ϶д챦̣ôСӣżڴ
ϾǰĿһǼ̡
Сӡ
۾뿴
ЦǺǵ䱦У䱦ֳĲ㣬ÿһ㶼ӵо˵䱦һһǼƷڶ̺ľǶǼǼĲǼȻûǼ䱦һ㣬Լֻ֪ܰԲ²⡣
һ㣬һɨӹȥҲ֣һǼƷֵҲǲ͵ģĵرҩ¼ҩ֮ģǧڵģҩݣԲᳬһǧ꣬ںܶʿ˵൱ģлиָ֡
伮ҩҩֽˣǮȵȫУν治У治
Ʒּ࣬١
׹幦ܹͬףǹ롣ϧƷײߣֻʺһʿһһ幦ϧЩ˵ȫۡ
׹ĹУ
ɱСš׹滹н׹ͭ׹׹׹˵ġ׹Ѿȶ幦ѷɫ׹ǻƽףͭ׹ף׹Ѿǵؽ׹׹Ȼ׹һ޳ɣȫղˮ֣а֣ǿԡ
ЦǺǵ˵
һŲ幦ǰǣҵ׹
ţܺãһеƷȫҪˣһ¼۸ֱҽн㡣
жȻ˵
һ仰ͺһлֱʣֱǴûߣܹ˻ĵزҪ֪챦ÿһ֣һκУһ㣬ͿԱΪأΪ̸
Ҳǲɵһ
һ㣬ȷʵŵˡ
ʲôʱĺֱͣǺ԰
۾棬棬Ҫµһеĵرҩ
ŵһȷϵ
Ǵ
ɲò⣬ӣ
ϷԣȻ٣ѻϸ㣬󣬱
кɵ˵
£һһҡ
ûԥſںһ
ʱͿ䱦У߳һ°׳۵Ůƺգۼ䣬Ϳ˵һлļ۸񣬼ͬ棬ܹʮһǧöҡ
һ֣𿴽ֻеһǼϾˣƷ־ˣһۡ
ܺãͰۡ
˿ûл۵Ĵ㣬һּ䣬ܿһööϽɫҲǰ£಻٣һǧʮöϽɫңһöϽɫҾһöҡ˿ν൱㡣
ɽ
ңЦݵ˵
ϲһνףһĻ
Ǻ԰
ϲ
ּͬ䣬ĽһеƷȫһɨգԴˣҲǴ򿪽ƣһɨգգۼ䣬һͱÿյһ붼û¡
ȥڶ㡣
һֺ˵
һ㣬̫Ȥ
ϣڶĹۡ
Ҫҵ䱦󳹵һɨհɡ
Ժһͷ


1772 
һ뵽ֿܣ඼ͨͨǴˣǰףˣǿԻȡңͬڴռһĻҪ֪еĺöǿһ㶼١ǿ˵ˡֻҪռԿԴա
ڶ㣬һ챦ϱȲϵһ㣬ϣȴȫѹһ㣬ҩϾܿٶǧҩԵҩ߿ɴﵽǧҩԡıֵҲǺѷɫȻƷʵӣԵģϾͻϾԽԽϡ٣Ȿһؼ
Ȼڼֵϣһ㶼
۾ڶУÿһ䱦ƷףײεıٶǷ෱ࡣŸҪڽܡ
лֹ˵ۣȫҪˡ
У˵
ͬǰ챦ֻ赭дС¶ѡ
۾Ȼˬ£ʼۡ
Цݵ˵
ɫɴݣУ඼ھ
̼ʵ̫ˡ
ˣڶ䱦ѾɣܼΪʮǧ˰öҡ
Ҳڵһʱɹۡ
һεĹֱӴﵽʮڵۣʣͨʿ˵ȫûа취֣һ۸񣬾ͻᱻµ
ϧбһɫ
⼸ʮħ鲻ӣϱңÿ쵮ħ飬Ƕ㡣ң֮Ӵ󣬿֪ӲҪ˵ҡǮϻ۶ĺңԶֻӣᱻġȻվ̺ǲֵġ
ȻһӶʮ˿ڣҵǺܴġ
ڴͨңһ֣û˽˿ͳƵٶ࣬ҲֵеıرκʿҪġǻΪУַĻػеԴΪת󷨵ġѾ뵽ճĸ档
ֻ٣Ӷࡣ
еңȻԹֻһֶѡ
Զ籦ĸҪ
ּ䣬ٴ£ͬʱڶбȫߣڿɲǰֻҪǱ˵
۾ˬĶ䱦챦鱦ҲûС۸ϣɾͲܱȵġ
ﱻֱһɨպи˵ͬʱҲЩûһʲôƷܿ۰ǶԼռ䱦һɸư
Ҫóдһǰһı
Ͳˡ
ͲţԼղУûпеıҲ̵̫ˣǼ̣ɶáȥñЦ
۾롣
ż˵
ãһֻǿθˣҲҪ˵Ρ
Ц˵
漴һϵ㡣
һ㣬ѾеľƷ̺䱦Ȼ㲻϶࣬ÿһǶǼֵǧһۿȥ磬ͺںڰеĵһĿҫۡ
۾뿴һ֣ںʱ֣һȻһеƷףȻǶļƷҲԲƷпƷҲпƷޱö֣鱦
ǰһָһö˸ص֡
ܹϹ屦䡣ȻҪҪ취ҪķѴʱģǧ꣬пȫɣܷӳ֮ܶˣƫƫûʱƴеʱ仹
ﻹʱ䡣
ȻЩ˵о޴ġ
֣ЩֵڴУΪԻгġ
ȶǿʱȥ󣬾ǴеһִУһ㣬ʢϣѾоϲ
鱦ʲô˵ô
ȷʵǿҵȤ
Ҫ֪鱦Ҳֻǻݼһˣȴܻݼףǿ׵ĵ̣о޴ĺôӰӾˡ
ͬʢһεӰ޷ġ
ܴԴԴϵ档
鱦֮ǰ˽⵽ѶϢһʮɳҪһǧܿÿοĹʵһ磬εɷһķ̬ûκⲻ⣬⡣⣬⣬֮⡣û˿𡣡
һڽܵ
ʲôⰡ
⣬ָ⣬ܳһң鱦ϳ⣬̺ϣӵζκεʣȥǿԴֲ׳ǿѪ̺κҩҪѷɫ
ǾԾԵĴ󲹡
磬ͨɽһ˵ܳɳĲβߣ鱦ɽƷףܴﵽͬĲΡʣȻǳʼα
۾ʱһʲôⰡ
ֻҪûж⣬ʳİڼտĳգʲôĻѧӦȫֵڴı֡
öյĸźѾӿֳһǿҵĿܲԼУҪǾǱ
ãöֱҪˣ⵽ֻ֣ҪķѺԴɲʨӴ󿪿ڡǮҲǰ׳ա
ζĿţ˵
Ȼĳôǻ̵ܻؼ׳ȶƷļ۸ѾʼȶҲﵽ໥һּ۸ö֣ǱǷֵȻҲƣͣҲһǧöҡſ˵
ڣƷļ۸񣬶ʼ÷ǵļֵ
챦ļ۸ҲڻָǰԵ۸õѾˡ

Ž׵ʱ
ֻһصС
ȻܿһΰӰƬУ಻٣Ǿŵ֮ǰӴȥľ
λƺһĬ˭ûȿڣԵüΪѹ֣һ龳ǿߣ£пܱѹ顣
ҵƤ䣬Բܾʹ˰ݡҪף׵̵ĽѵףǵϾԲһ˵
ͬ⡣
Ӧ
顣
ͬ
Ҳ׷ױʾ
Ǿ͸һ̽ѵ
Ѫץա


1773 ׵
Ѫּ̽䣬һѷƾճ֣ţͿĵӰȡһɫԵЩǱ뾪ܿŮÿһɢϢʮ־ˣԷϢÿһѾﵽ߽ײΣǰ˽׶Ѿ
ÿһ·һ嫵ķǰ
һòֺ๣ϳһ˸׹׳ᣬ׳ϣһ׹ⲻ˸ݳ񱩵Ϣ˲η
һɫװ˿һ⣬ƺܿһԾ˺ëɵĵƺһεڻƣʼģȴܿĳòȻǾҲڻ£Ͷ䣬ķϡ
һŮӣһɫװϴˮһ͡һִĸоò˿ѷɫʸԵ쳣ᡣʲͬȴ¡
һϳɫ绷ƣ·Σʱữȥ
ÿһɢϢȻͬ
һͬǾ¶ķϢǵǷ֮壬Ҳ塣λͨ飬oo
ģǱģǷ׵Ĵo
ÿһִƷǿӦķ򣬿ԴСʮǿƲ꣬ڻ¡ν׾١
λǱˣ񣬷񣬵ĸĴoĴo׽ĵصʮֽӽң˴˵ıԴ໥ںϣɴ󣬷ӳǿս
һ鱦׵ͼһɴ󣬿ɾлصܡǣͼֻܹҪԸ⣬֣Ҳһ֮顣
ԣǾۼһײ뿪
֣ǱǸǿĴܣ׵ĵ
Խ׶ս
ĸ֮ǰû뵽ͻȻͱȡǹУһ㷴֮ûУе𾪿֪ڿʱһȻ
Сμλ𣬵𰲡
໥һۣͬʱʱҲǼΪ𾪣ڵһʱӦʩݼ
Ҫ֪Ȩһ֣o˵һǧһ򣬻ƹǧo˵֮ҲΪ
ԾԸһ㡣
˿Ĳ

𿪿ڵͷ˵
л𡣡
Ӧ
ĸǰΪһҪȥ졣ֻҪĺã⣬ȿŵɹ֮ʱĸ֤ɾ
𻺻˵
֤൱oҲеųɷ֮Ѿӵִһʸ֤󣬲ķӴ֮ӳգʿo֤ǽǻܣ򣬱֤ķ֮ʿûа취֤ģ
֤ЩoǾҲǿߣٽһ׽ԲƿصʮɣǾʡķ֮һϯصΰ
ʱѾʥһǿߡ
֮Ҳѷɫ
ȻܴܲĹһ⡣
ԣĳŵ˲ͬʱһ඼ھܵǿҵĳ
ʵ𣬲֪ʲô顣
һѯʵ
ǵŵջ̫ˡɲǲĶ
ȻԿ϶þֵ飬϶򵥣ңȻ൱֣𶼲Զֵ£ҪȻҲҵǡ
Ѳ£ֻҪлᣬվɣʱ򣬾гɾϣ
Ҫ֪ڷƿأԽǵ棬ԽӵѣԽӵޣÿһ˿Ƕֵϲ飬ÿǰһǶҪķѰ꣬ǧʱ䣬ֲΣҪͻƣֻʱѻ
򣬾ĻԵ
ǰ׵۳ѡƿش֮仯ҴףҪô׾ڣֲϣ粻겻˳ڻҰУ׺䡣ѹƴˡô֮У㣬𡣡
ڤĮ˵
ĸɽ׵۹ҹܹ͢Ի׵ۣ󹬣䳯٣аͻȻ˵УаȻ
⻰ȴõĸüͷһ壬ɫ䣬ǿɲͨŮӣoŮô飬ȫǼ̤Լϡһ㣬ǿϾǲ꾫顣ѾΥǵıġ
𣬻ҹ͢飬ˡС޷ңҲΥģǾǻеٲԶ֤Ļᡣ
ĸȻ˵
˳֮£ǻ漰ģֻǽֽҲͰˣΪ׵񣬱ƿ仯ȨӲҪ˵Ծĳ̶ֳϣ֮ܵ࣬ΪⱾԼְ
ְ֮ڣ޹
ҹ͢δЩ̫λ𣬽ֻô׷粻겻˳һ㣬ȻӣԴֱӲ˳֮£δЩģҲܷɹ̣Ҫλӵ֮ףΪסλӸĹɡ޷񡣻Ѱ
Ҳ˵
飬ôҲܴӦ
ǶǾҲˣҲoͬҲoϡЩǲġ
ˣȻǲԸ⣬ǾͲҪǿȥִʮ֮ڣ׾ڣֲϡ
ҡҡͷ˵
ǣС
໥һۺҲתȥ
һʲô۶ӡǾͳˡ
ȷóĻ֮£
ħйâһոշ׵oǲñȣϾҲҪƤġûеߣûйءһȣǾoеɾͳ׳ˣǲȡġ
вͨǾٽݾ
ˢ
ּ䣬â˸Ǭת
Ȼ䣬ܿӰƬС
ǵɫ䣬ܿϴž֮ɫȷ뵽ͻȻתĪָоʮֿ¡ȫƿزԼ
̧ۼ䣬ǰޱΰ׷¶֮ɫ֪ܵǵݡ֪ˣоǿҵ𾪡
Ǿ𰡣յǼһӲлӴȻʵǲ˼顣
£


μλ𣬵򸣽𰲣೤档
ŮԥĹȥΰݡ


1774 
ϸȥν޵¡
ÿһλ֮ǰĵĸѷɫңϣӶ֮Ĺɣ߳ȥԵǧӣ֪˻Ϊǳտȴ׷Ľ
һһЦǶܶǵġ
һԽȥ˳׳ڣ԰Ρ
һǺһɱɾһɾÿһλʶֻҪǻᣬʱ䣬ԴȥǾǳɾͷǷɾдҲڻ¡
ȷУвǳҪɵ£ֻҪΪһ£ԺȻȳɵĻᡣ
òʮֵ⣬ֻòڴУԻסλ׵ۡ
ɵ
໥һۣжӿֳ޾Ŀϲ֮ɫ
ɵʲôǾ֤˵ֱ޷ܵջ
֪ҪСЩʲô
ºԥѯʵ
Ҫǰ׵۳׵۹Ϊң뷨ӣԻ׵ۣҹ͢٣ܻǿ˵
ʲôףңҪҳ١ܻôܡ
ʧɫæ˵˳˳ˣǹ۳ǣעӵص㣬Ҫǲûд׵ϿɣֻҪȻں£ƳԭΣϵ޷ùǿߣѹ£ǱȻӲҪ˵ӽ׵ۡⲻܡ
Ҫҹ͢ǾǰȥǷҪ׵Ķࡣ
˵Ͳܽ뵽˳У㰲ؼ⣬ǵõ˳еݣҲӰ죬ܵͬĴҪȻܻ٣ҵǺģԽǳᣬٲó֮ء
ֺֻҪһ룬Ƕÿֲ
ȻҪɵȴ
ⲻô
ʷϴ˵Щҳٵ飬ЩҥԣЩʵյĽ⣬һޱȣٲңʷϣǱڳϣ޷õһ㣬Ŀɱ£÷
һ㣬λŮҲ
̫ˡ
ģȻǷȥȻ֧֣ڣڵǱı࣬ϣûв죬κηͫ޷ǵݡҲᱻѹƣ˳֮У硣
ּ䣬ö˸ǺöܹϢرԴһ仯Ե
棬Ҳı
жʱϲ
ڣԺ󣬲κεطԳͨ裬ݻᱻ˿ݣҵšһ㣬ҪġҲԱ֤ǵİȫ˻ɣҲû֤ݣҲš
մͶȹɾгɣһһЦУԻȻдɾһ۾޷ȻɫУ԰Ρﵽ£δزܽ˳ɵ
ڤͻȻһָһֱڡ
ܵݵԺеѶϢһдϲ
⡶ɾɱԼķҪǿĶ࣬ϣȫûа취ȣֱ֮ȫߵɾȻ쾭ҲɾžԽ֤ı̺ĵ
ϴ޴ϴȥһ
һָʱͿϵѸٱϴԭȵĹֱתɾڶģݳһεһãޣԼԼʣ·￴ȴĪľ׷
֮ǰƾ豾γɵģȫֽȻͬת䡣
³ϳ˵
лȫ
ͬʱϲæſڰл
ǻֱǰ׵۳ֱ׾ڣңͨ۸ΪȡúݣϣǲҪȻǳɵĻᡣ
Ȼ˵
ǳ֣ϣ޷죬˿Կơ䶼Դ۸ġȻûбҪǲôȥġ
漰Ǽ򵥡
Ҫ֪ͬʱ䲻ʵھĴǱޡģֻǷѡ
ʱ䣬ͬԾҪǲġ
ʩ
ҲһϲҪ֪飬õ֣ȻԼ֪Ҫ϶ٱؼǣǻҲ׵۳
ܽʡȻٺò
ȥɡ
һ֣һѾʧ
ڴ׵۳УϢģһ뵽ɳУƬ̼䣬ѾʧһЩ˼УͻȻһŮӣܱߵˣȴûио˿ͻ֪ǴźԭȵѪѰٶڡֱӵǼǻȡ켮϶Ǳ塣һϢûпơ

ЩϢУѾɡ
˿̣̳дĻǮбڶ࣬ܶඥ䣬ѵһĹ屦д챦ȻЩ챦Ʒףͣ˵㲻ϳɫŻڷڵСֵɲƣĳʱ̣ܷӳá
챦ļ۸ЩѾָļλ
챦ΪǱ鱦ɣʿΪ׷һֱǶ٣׷Ȼӵе̫ࡣ
Ӳ࣬һγ֣һɨգıȫա
Ϊ֮Ĵǣöҡ
Ȼ٣ɼǾƷȻֵơ
һ̣Ѿ̤뵽Ĳ㡣Ҳ䱦㡣
һ㣬ռĶѼĶ屦ÿһνǼֵǡеı
۾뿴ǵĲ㣬Ȼ̺ıﲻ࣬Ʒ뿴һһ챦ָǰһײ豭
ǵģһײ豭һʮֻ
ϸȥ豭ͨ徧Ө񣬼͸ӨӨ⡣ڱ棬ܿÿһֻ豭ֳһͼĻͼ
ˮɻӭһĵʯ񻨡ɻ𻨡ջܽػ¼÷һһһ滭һʫʫʫÿֻϻһӦʱܣʮ»񱭡
һĨ⡣
ڴֱǰڲпʮ»񱭣ְȻӡ̣ģȴȵģҪʮֹ豭Ѿ졣


1775 ש
ڱ渡ֳʮɻɻУֳʮÿһλ绪ӵ޾ǻľ绪ֻǣЩ񣬿ĿƺпκˣҲпܲκˡһжпܡ
۾Ȼ˫һ챦ʮ»񱭡Ȼǲ豭ȴʮĹЧÿһ֧񱭣вͬĹЧУһ裬Ҳ裬ɲ衣ǶӦ·ݣŻͣ½棬ʵһɷֱһ衣
Ҳ˵
ɲͨĻ衣
ˮɻ񱭣Ȼˮɻ衣
һˮɻŪ廭ҹ貨ϴ̡ˮɻȣ޳аߣǿзڻƽʱһ裬һзǽףʮзﵽؽףΪ鱦Ǿһǿһٶʮзÿһֻ趼еĹЧ
Ц˵
ǿĹЧǿУûκ书ЧʮºͣвͬԣȥҪŮޣȥ绨㡣ʮˣŮ˵ȫǺѾܾջ޴
˵ȫ裬ɲ衣
ؼǣһֿԴ
ɣκ鵤ҩҪѷɫҪ衣
书Ч˵ʮ»񱭼ֵȷʵޱȾˣһɳǾǲɶõһеûʲôǣɳһȥһٶʮĵзؼǣ費ԣֻҪһ࣬ͬĻͿԡ
챦ȫԳΪǿߺ󱲵Ϲ屦޾
ܺãʮ»񱭲֪ۼΡ
һѯʵȻ챦ѿɱʨӴ󿪿ڣ⻨񱭣ֻ²ɣȻһֱǻƽ챦Ҳóۡ
˱Ϊ׼Ҫǻ񱭿ԴԴԴϵ棬žԲѡۣǻѡۻ裬ǻ񱭱ˡ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҳû뵽е˶ȻԿһѵ㡣
⻨񱭺һѣ൱ѣһ֣Ȼ챾Դǿ񱭱ĵ̱ԴҪķѺĵرңǱ黨ɻıԴ֮Уǿ񱭵ıԴ䷢ɱ䣬
һ֣ķѵľԴǺġ
һ֣ǾֱѰӵлŮӣ֮ǿ񱭣ʹ֮Ϊ񱭵黨ɣͬɳĻҪԵӲǶʱܰ쵽ġֻ˵ȫ
ȻŶԴҲǾֻǻƽ챦Ҳòϰȫ档ҪĻǺķѵʱ̫Ҳ棬һֻܹۡ
۾ˣĳǱгŻͯΪ׼򡣲챦ļ۸ȷʵѾǡʮ»񱭵ļ۸񲻵ͣҲҪһǧöҡֵԳ󡣡
ЦǺǵ˵
һϡ
۸ȷʵ߰ڵ챦Ѿûȫļ۸񣬶ǰձĹЧԣδǱӰ챦ļֵȻǱǱδ顣
һǧöң챦˵Ҳۡһֻ񱭣һǧöҡ
ԣ⻨񱭣Ҫˡ
׵ͷʾӦ챦ôܴӵʮ»񱭣ô׾ڵţѸٳɳӿӵзĹ̡ʡºʱ䡣
ȷʵѣ˵ȴҲδء
Ҫ˾ֱУΰǿ鱦Σʱ򣬻ȻԲ棬Ȼ򲻵ѣвôȥϾѾӵ㹻磬ӣֻӴɳѶȡ
۾뿴һҲǶ챦
Ҳ⣬ǰλǰδеĴǮƣСǮѣȫֵһᣬ£ȫ˳µ顣
漴ָڶ챦
ܿǼ챦ҲءȻһשһ췿ʱ洦ɼİשһɫİששһƬƽ̹ȴһĪĺ⡣·ʱнשԴϡ
һ飬޼שҲзשʮصһҳȥܹ˲ԷǶԷܵĺǣضҪһשһשȥɽǵֵסһשĳ࣬Ҫǣשרƻ⣬ͨȻϡ
ſש۾˷Ψһϧǣשˣûôڻƽʱž൱ҪĻȴҪһֹ£һԸһˡҪǺķѵԴǿֲģҪǣҪǲשҲԼڵΪɳҪǱˣǾԻù˲
ڵ޼שֻһЦСе
ȴǸȤڲۣȴǱרƻ⣬Ǵﵽ鱦Σһשȥ´ͨ߶Ҫҳһͷ
ͷʹѡ
שҪˡ
׵ͷֽשһǧöҡƻ⣬һֵ
ⶫõĺãǾӼУر
һ뿴ҽƲգҲһ챦ֻҪɽȥֻҪʣһڣϾصƣҲԿٻָ˵ﵽʱһƶ޸ֻʣһ߰׹ǣҲð׹Ѫ⸴ָ
ָһɫײĲ챦˵
һҽƲգҽƲУܿصķ˸ƺ۳һױȵƹЧʮ졣Ȼֻǻƽ׵ĻǹЧȻ̫ǿܶҲûа취
ƽףͨƣǸѲļҲ
ףܹ׹ǣð׹Ѹٻָ
ؽףܹ־֢޸Դ
ȻЩƻ˵ģ磬ˡ䣬ͲҽƲܹġʣһ챦ǼֵߣɳҲһϹ屦
û뵽ⶫҲС
΢΢鴤ϡĶҲˣںϣ֮£κζпܵκαֶϡ档
ҽƲճǧ򣬱й
ıֵͬƣĲ㣬һαкĳɨˡһ
۾ΪѰ䱦ʵˡ۾ˡҪúռһˡ򣬽Ҫʲôûˡ
ǻϲջңǳġ̳˵ȻǺôʱͱռˣڴУܲһ󲿷֡


1776 
ҪҴ֮УӦÿѵԲɹ׵ززкܶණطӦöǱȽϡٵģοңһʮϡٵԴǶŴĻҡеȻһЦƽ˵
ȫ
һ㣬ȫŵġ
Ҫȫ꣬ҲͲˣУ϶ѹһԲ䱦ĿյġȻҲûǿҪϵȫ䱦һ
ʡ
ȻҲûһԼ۳еĸֲƷ
Ҫ֪ӵеɳơÿɳǼԼɳǵزЩزǿģȫԳһдĸƷҲǳ۵ƷȥǴ׵
ȻеḻƷ̳Ҫġ׸࣬һ棬Բ·д׵ƣǲܴЩҪ۾󿪷֮š
ЦĸӵĻ죬۾ͨʳȻûֵ̫Щǿκ򣬶ֵֻģֻٲ۵ģָ
һ»Ҫ۾ܷ
ͻȻ˵
Ŷ֪Ǻ£
ѯʵ
֮еĻңңѾڸУͨûңֻҵԴֻдײУԺǰطĻûңδЩ̫㡣ǷĳֱӴӴлȡҡһҲҴĸ㡣
ֱӿ˵
ңѾΪУܵĿһֻңںܶܣʵڰ취ƽҵܷ֮취з죬ܷ죬ԲжֱӾͻ졣
ûа취ƽ⡣
д׵Ĺڣ죬һģһԣУֻǽҵ߶˻ңУ󲿷ֻճͨһҵıǹġұֵߵġ
ڣҸֱ۳ɸƷʵĻңЯ㣬㣬ֵλԽԽҪѾﵽĵز
ȫǳġ
ҳΪңѾ赲һִơ
ڻ֮һ㣬Ųûй죬˳֮أԲ⴫ġ
취ǴءԲ׶ۣܸģֻңҪøĵرһʲôĶԣնһ嵥ͿԽжһͯۡ
еȻһЦ
Ҫ޶һ
ҡҡͷ˵
̣̾޶Ʈҡһ㣬ۻ޷Ͼڵֻ嫺򣬻Ӱ쵽ܱ߽򣬷Χ̫ԶԶһ㡣
Ҳҡͷ˵
ҲϧǺ顣
ȻҲûа취вͨ칬ʱ䣬ǶϣϵߣңѾʼڸͨңԴԴϣֻǣϣ޷̫Ӵ
Ҫ۾գĳȻа취۾뿴
ЦǺǵ֣йâһٲȻܿгֵһСɵļ̳̳ϣƺܿǹ˸ʮ졣
ʲô
һĨ⣬ѯʵ
Ǽ̳Ǽֱ̳̳ͨӴƷ̳һΪһ̳УһԽ۾̳ͨǾֱӽףһңʮַݡԽ֮ǰ⡣ܹ໥Ҳҿ֪ͨ۾Ρ
Ц˵
Ȼ֮ǰѾ׼
̳
Ŀ䣬¶һ˿ɫ
̳УνޱҪʮֹؼرҪ̨֪ڣͳ̨Ҳһ̨̳ͼ̳֤Ǹ߾ټ̳ӳգĤݣ롣κηֻҪǼ̳Ƕ򵥣Ǽ̳Ȼã
ȴ󣬲֪Ҫٱ
Щǲʵģ漰أҲûйĴ㡣²С
ܺãԺҪһңֱ̳ͨҪһƷ͹֮󣬾ͻȥӦҡ׵ͷһǼ̳
ԴˣЦݸӵĲá
ǽ֮ǣԺӵĹ淶ʵٺòǰףջ
̳йһȦ
һЩƷҲ뿪̳ǡ
ҲƳвϽزеزʵ̫ˣеװеǰҲڳУַսףҩҩƽгвɹȻرҲǵõеɣܹ򵽡
ԶҲʼΣ뿪Ƴǣȴûֱ뿪ףǰ׾һɳǣչزḻƷһ£̷ų뿪
ڴУȴд̶ʿûȥѡڴףǼǻȡ켮ΪѾ϶ڴУӵʩչ̨ܵõĳɳ
ЩˣȻʮϲҲûֱӽӴڴл
ȻʣĴףͬйأйҪͷԣǾҪմ׵³ĵ·ʵѧȻӱңֽ֮˿Թڦ
Ҳȥ档

۹С
Ĺ⣬ڣ۾཭ʮ𼱣ӦдҪǷ
ڡ
лͷУһɫأϸȥ֪ʱѾɱʮ㡣ϢУֶһ㡣
ʱ䣬¶ģ޼ש뵽Сʮڿռ䡣
שȷʵڹؼʱ̣𵽾޴ãɱǿﵽ鱦ש̺Բȷӡѷɫһשȥѡ
Ϊһ⣬һֱڡ

һ˵
ǣ۾
ҲɣӦһѾȥ
ʱĪʲô鷢ӦŶԡаૣʲôˣǺģûд£һ㲻ࡣ֮һˣǿ϶Сˡ
ʱѾڵĹУк󣬹ݼμ۾
ƽ
л˵ǿ϶£˵ɣǷҴ׷ˮб䣬ʲôֽ١Уһ˿ƽ
ԣѾ̩ɽǰ治ɫ
۾ʮǰضǷ䣬΢ҵޡ֮ϣơɫص˵


1777 
ضǿֱӼ׾ڵ仯һ䶯ףڵضֳۼνǷˮ࣬ҲֱӼ׾ڣƿֱ仯ʱӦԣΪƳǣΪ㵥Ԫø졣
֮ǿ
ضǳ䡣ҴЩ˴˴ǣһЩѣڹ˵ѹ£Ӧò̫ΣӲҪ˵Ҵ׵ɳǰսɽͼˮöɣɳ£Ȼл۵ϵãһѣڵֱܳ仯ôֽ١
΢΢ü˵
Խɽͼ˵ǺʵǿԴӴɳ£ܱɽˮҲᷢԵתУɳܱߣѾʼңĹģÿ궼ӣֲָɳ£ѾǰʱֻɽأŻڡ
ɴȴⶼǷˮ
֮£ϣһЩѣѾһƬȡ
˵ܳѡ
嫺ڣÿյڷ仯Ÿõķת䡣Ľ֮գϢʼɢġʼչֳʢôͻȻ֡
һ㣬΢Ҳǰ˼⣬֮ǰ۲쵽ǴӦòִѡһжһͣϡܻᷢ䣬²ᣬΨ档
ص˵ңһģȻͨڡ
֮ǰóĴʦ֮£Ҳ޷ֵĸԴڣֻǸо޾ִף޲ֻ£еĺ֣ǵУԤĶܡֻϧֻеضǣҵǣغһ˵ܿ̽һ˿˿
໺˵
ضֻǼأǿԿ̽仯ߴ䣬ܽӵ¡ֻϧ챦ƺ漰仯ʮֵϡ٣νħսûҵҲûпò˵ȵضǸӵϡ١
ȻҲһõԿ̽תϣռݾԵƣȻٺò
Щ꣬ҲһֱѰǵ䣬ṩϢǷģ޷Ľǵ񣬸һֱͽ˵֮߰ϡ
ϧû˭ܻȡеľ޶
ʲôûУʲôѡʲôʩ
һ˵
ʲôѻ޴ӵֻ֪Ѵؿʼ㡣࿪˵ǿ̽Ļ棬Ȼ˵һʵȴž޴Ŀܷǲڡ
棬Ǿʹŷĸʼ
ʲôҴ״û¹ټѵʱ̶ѾȹˣҲûоҴװգֻھвϱǿѣҲ޷ݻǣףǿϢһȻ˵
Ȼ˵ڲ֪ѵǰ£ɿʼ׼ȾǸʵ׼ʱ̲̽׾ڵ仯
ڴУ̫̫棬ѲӴ׾ڣһж

·عС
̧ۿգһĨء
ֲӦʱڴףͻֻĻڵô򵥡һģֻ³˾û˿
Ѿ˲²⡣
ʱ䣬ǿߣҲǾǡԾݵλԿ϶ӵи׽ֵʸԣǵĿԣߴųɡȻ²⣬ֻĵףû˵ȥ˵ȥҲֻһЩնѣı䲻˽α˿ա
վҪһ
Ҵͼı֮ģ׻ǲ
Ը̾һ
ĿģԣǣЩǴ׾Բ˲ģǿҲܴӦ
ˮڣ۵ҪǾʩչʲôֶΡ֮ǰ뽫Ϊ龳Ѿ۷壬ǰǵ̨
һ˿ᶨ
龳Ѿǿߣ̨κʱԳ֮ΪܼǿߡҪ̨һ޴żĴﵽ龳۷壬Ҳ׿ԿԽģ֪ʿ赲ڵ̨֮⡣
̨̳Ρ
Уؼһ㣬Ǽ̳
ҪͻƵ̨ͱ۳̳̳˵ھͿԽۣҪֱӳ忪ϣٳ񸮣Ҳϸ
ϣʶϡ
ͬһء
ںܶж
еأ֮ϣڵУüģţٻϣ֪֮Уͨȫϣζ󡣡
ߣν֮Ҳһϣȡڴˣڴˣڴˣԡڴˣڴˣ̥ڴˣ̥񻯣޲ڴˡȻ֮ǿڡǱǡġǸΣǷΡƢθ֡β̡ǰסǹȵмһѨһ֡衢ǹԪȻδҮ
ЩأԿĳϵ֮κι̶λãڣȴ׽ѰҵˣǾ͵ڵõ
ԣҪ̨һؿҪ취ҵϣǿϣԼ񸮣ϸ
̣֪εȼѡûκι̶ķſѰϡֻһδУǣϣԵǺķǧأҵлԵ˵ģֱһ֮䣬ҵǳ׿ٴ򿪡
ԣֽ׶ΣˣؼĶ
ܶʿڴﵽһ׶κ󣬶뷽跨ǿˣֻ˴лҵϣǽ˿١˳֮еơ
ڹؼʱ̣Խ˼Ѹҵڣһٿ١
ҵϣٳ񸮣ڣ̺۵Գһֱÿǿһ֣еͻһ˿ٳϣŻϸ
ϸе̨̳ĸιʲôǾȫĻۡΪ⻹꣬Ҫһǳ̳̳ҪһġȻؽֽ٣һֵס̳Ȼ飬̳飬ϸҲ飬̨飬׶Ͼ;ǲҲûмɳĻᡣ
ֻһλᡣ
̳ȹ̣ÿһǲġһٲ
Ͳ֪ҵϻܷһҵͿһˡ
һԳ
Ǵٳһʱ䣬ȵٴθǣǴﵽԵʱΪͻƣȻˮɡֽ˿϶ܴ졣


1778 ϸ
һܴ죬ûڵʱӺʣԣԥھ¶ġֱӽͻƣһ˵ãӵȻȡˡ˳ͻƽȻԼܷͻƣвû˿ĵǡ
̨˭
һϣ
ûгɣ¶ĺûκǡֱѡͻơ
ת

ڣУȻԿһֱӳأе־һĵͨ򵽵ķϡ
ڿٴ󣬲ϽھھӵдΣÿһڵѨϣҵڡһ̣һڤڤеĸӦоڣһϣ£⴩󣬲ϱ任λãƺͻȻüģһֳˮ֮䡣
ϱ任Ʈ
ʱ֮£ԸӦöѨĴڡ
壬ϣ
иܵ󣬼˲Ӧ
УҪκγɣΪκһ˿ɣò׽ϵ׶ʧһˣҲģлᣬգˡԲܺӡ
һ䣬ѾΪһ⣬ֱӳ̽Ѱǰԥĳȥ
һײ
·ײ̹ſء
ͬһ⣬ֱӺС
¡¡
ײһɲǣĸоһ·ײľ޴Ժһ̣ʱռ䣬ʶгױֹе˼һ̣ȫհס
ǧֻ꣬ǹȥһ˲䡣
׻ָʱʶ׽뵽һڡ
磬ǰȫһƬ޾Ļ硣ÿһС

һĨ߿һֱӻצ˺ǰĻ磬ͬٵذ㣬Ȼһޱ̬ȻըΪֲƻƬƬ飬ǰĿռ䣬Է˵ٶȷš·ըһһӣϱը
⣡
޾Ϲǰ֡
гƽʱȻԿһƬ嫵ϿռǰƬռ䣬һۿȥзԲʮСһը֪һըжôǿᡣٵĿռСΧɱСǧ硣
Ȼйء
Ͽټ䣬Ȼ޾鲼ϡЩʼȻȻĳϿռȥ뵽ռУεĿռݣۿɼٶȻΪɫУ֮ǰĺűģڿ
ɱ䣬ϸ
оۿţѾǰı仯ʲô
һɱ䣬ϸɱ䣬ΣΣԺںϣһ컯ϸܹĸطϣܹϸ̵ϱءûκƷ
⿼ľһֻۣԽǿȻ۳ϸԽӵǿһԣǱ̣һ۳㿪ٳϸ̫޷ϸĸǿϸ൱ġʱġΣ¥ĵ̨ʮֲȶġһشǵ侳³
ʮֱҡ
ݵ伮أÿʿϣϸĻ߳뵽ϿռУϸɸɱ䣬ʣµ۵̨áʣµҪǲ۵̨ĻǺʣעʧܣٳϸҲһα̨ʿͻơ
ڵʵ̫Ӵˡ
ݺʮ
һۣ̣ʵ̫ǿˣ壬ﵽת۸ۺ񣬸ĵرûٳԣյ伮мأʱ̷Щڵ̫Ӵˡʥ֮ˡ
ˡ
ֹ̣ʮѸ٣գۼ䣬ʧ߳ʱܿѾɱϸϸͨ嶼һִɫصϸݣܸܵɫ鲼ϸЩƣطϵǣϸиߵ͡
Ϊ飬ȱϾ
ľϸ鼶Ǵϸʮִʱп𣬵ͼ׶ѣȱϸԳϷûʲôԣֻǴţԼУɳϾǾǰϾϳ˶ϸǶţ콾۳ϸ
ϸмƷеļƷȱﵽ£ϸ죬죬зٶȸ죬ϸֻйϵǿ߲ۡ
Ȼ۳ģϸңУҲĴڡ
ϸ̫ǿ󣬿Գϴûκξԡ
ܺãϸܳҵϵۻʴ͸̳
һһĨ⡣־ǰδеļС
̳֮ء
ɲ˵ֻҪѹһ𣬻Ϊһ̳ͿԣҪصĿ飬һܲס̳۲ġ̨Ȼ޴˵
ͬ¥
̳ۣ
ûгɣֹֻ̣һǳɡֻӵиĻᡣ
̳ǾԲ۵ģ̳ǵǵ̳һۣʹһλصϿɡǰǣֵܵסصĿ顣
һ
ȻԿʣµֱ۳һзԲСľ޴ֻ̳̳۳ĳΣɾĳΣ۳󣬶ʱ͸оƺĳص־
ţͿϸУ׵ģֳ⣬Щ˷ÿһƣ·̺޷ΰ޾ѹѹͷ·һѹҪеǰһͳͳ顣
ˡ
аԵһ֪صĿ飬һֵסǾǳ׵;Ͼκ̳һ۳ΣҪصĳ˭⣬סˣǾмȥʸԽǿ󣬵Խǿܵѹ͸ӵĿֲ
Уƾģֻ־
̳˲䣬־ѾȻȻ̳Ϊһ塣·һ塣̳Եѹܹĸܵ
ֲ
һֲִϯ
εѹҪ־޵ԨԾľҪֿ־ɣʶĶǰĽη塣
ڣ޷е־һ֣˲ͱѹȥ
¡¡
Щ˵ʵֻգ֮䣬ֻһͷĹ̡Ϳ޾Ľ⣬·ˮ㣬ֱײ̳ϡֲѹʱͽ̳ѹĲŤƺҪ̳̬޷ά֡


1779 سϫ
ס뿹ס
һĨᶨسѹһɲǣ̳ܾ޴ײͬ־Ҳ·صһһҪϢĸоָо൱¡·֮ϵһƴһ㣬ʱᱻ˴򷭣
س֮£һܲסֲס̳ĳΣֱΣ޷άֵĻǼ̳Ȼ׻ΪУҪģҪس£άּ̳̬ƴһУҲҪ
ѹԵģ̳Ϊ̳һȻ
Ҫس£άס̳״Ǻεȵѣǲһ仰˵˵ѡҪ־ά֡һ־֧ŲסǾʧܵʱ̡
֮£־ÿʱÿ̶ڳ޷ĳ
һһһ˽һˡ
ԲС̳ڳһس󣬵Ϳ·ܵصľҼѹһӾˮһ룬ﵽԲһǧ
У̳ûŤֻС˶ѡ
ңСĹУǱĥ𣬶ֱѹøԭ۳̳ʮֵ鸡̬·һͻᱻɢ
˿̣һѹ˲ͱøɫŨ̳ԽӵĽȹ̡
ݼأγɵĳоŲŲ֮󣬻ѡ֣߿ɴﵽʮһδΡ
аԳԺһ˿ͷ
سֳɺüΡ
һǾŴγĳһֵסŴΣǾζţѾصĿ飬صѹ£̳ļ̳ѾǳƷֻͨ˼С
ڶǼܳյĳҪﵽʮ˴Ρһס̳ȻƷʸߣǱ󣬶ڸ̵Ḷ́죬á
ҪܳﵽʮΡ̳ϳ˶⡣
֣ҪܳﵽʮŴΣ˳̳ǼƷеļƷ
֣ҪﵽžŰʮһΣžŹһ̳ȱ˫ǿ¡Ǳ
ֽ׶ʱֻҪԸ⣬ÿһֽʱѡֹسҲ˵ﵽŴγʱѡټֻҪһͿȻɡѡֻܵõﵽ涨ĳ󣬷ſѡ;޷;ϡҪôҪô
ûеѡ
ܺãسһִɡ
һзһŭϺȡ
ɫĺٴ糱ˮϯ
س·Ǵеĳˮһ㣬һһңµǣڶȻǰһ˫ֱ̺ӱÿһҪܵĳ˲䱶
˵Խ棬ܵѹԽÿһɿֲѹûеģǲѡսֻҪܶȹһ׶εĿ飬ͻѡֹͣΪ棬޷ԼǲĿԵֵס
ԣܳסڼ׶ΣҲǺһ׼
¡¡
ɫ˳˿ûͣ٣ܵκ˵־ңڵһ󣬺ԥڶ˳ѾϯһΣŨ̺ǿ󣬻۵־Ӵѹһײһ˲ײ̳ϣ̳ٴαѹ
ֲҪֻ̳ǣе־ȫ֣֧άż̳״ײŤ顣
֧š
֪УڶγѾȥ֮ܿǰﵽһǧС̳ٴСһΣֻһСɱȴø
̳ǿˡ
ԳοʼѾӵһ˿̳
ǧ𡣡
кĿ飬ǽѣҲһ컯ֻǧ󣬲ܶĽ֡
䣡
ȶ־ٴοʼصһδײܿ־֧£̳ʼûŤ顣
һΣΣΡ
һδײ£̳СøӵļӲѾ̬һҺ̬·ɫҺһ۳һ̳
֪Уһ׶εľŴγѾȻȹ̳ҲСԲǧĴСԱ֮ǰѾС룬ԶԣʮӴ
֧ŹŴκ󣬺ȻģڤڤһָӦֻҪԸ⣬ھͿսῼ飬յĽͻơ
ȻѡȻشѹԽԽ󣬿ɾã֧ţڳܵķΧ֮ڡȫûκ⡣

һͷûκγѾ
ţµĳٴϯسϫһһ
ٴα
һĳ£ûκζֻвɽԲӦ䡣سϫԴԴϣһαһǿʼձֲ̳ĴСҲڲС
ŴγϫҲǳʮ˴γ̳ѾСԲһǧСͨ嶼ֳһҺ̬ľ󣬿ʮֵĲճʱһ

ɵڶ׶εĿûκγɣѡ׶εĿ顣
͵سϫϯ
Ҳٴθܵһַ·ڿ籩Уʱ㸲ĸо
سϫԽԽǿ¡
ÿһÿһ̣·ѹֶĳޱȾ޴ģȻһ֧ŹȥȻܴ־ﵽ᲻ɴݵĵز
ʮγϫϴ֮
̳УܿҺ̬Уֳһɫľᾧϵڼ̳֣·һϸСǳʮ죬˾̾
̳ٴСһΣֱСԲһС˲Ҳܸܵܵسϫжô͡
⻹ǼޣҪ죬Ǿǿ̳
һĨᶨ
ҪôҪôҪã״ﵽļޡ
ڵļ̳̫ļ̳Ҫô󡣻ɱĿռ䡣
سϫٴϯ
һĳÿ䣬ļ尾ʹࡣ־һ絶ɽ𺣰ĥ¡
ﵽʮŴϴʱ
֮ܿǰԲһС̳ٴСѾСֻзԲһɵĴС
̳Ѿ۳ɹ̬壬ɫˮ
УѾԿ̳״̶ֽյ̬ļ̳ѾǼ̳еĶڣ״ͺһɫˮ̶ɵԲƽ̨ÿһ綼ҫ貵ɫԡ
ԲطԲľ졣
һ콾ǿߣǿߣڴﵽһκ󣬶ѡͣ£ѾǼƷûбҪټðա

ֻ΢ٴǼȻٴνϴΪʲôҪ˵ء
һεĳϫϴ񣬽ӵգٵĳǰδеĿֲ
¡¡
¶ĵһɲǣɫĳϫѾ׽̳ȫϯȥǽȥûֺһĳϫΪˢ̳


1780 ̨
ǿÿµĳ
سϫҪݻһУסһҪסԲиһи̳ڳϫ±飬Ťеһоǰ
µسϫϯʱҲĸܵһ׶εĿ飬жôǿֲ־ɸо·ʱıԵÿʱỵ̈ж־һδεشϵ˺񣬽־
ǿ־£»ָ
һδѭֻءָоҪѷɫǸӿ¡
ҲֻԺУʶУϵ֧š
ס
һҪס
Բܷ
ǿܳϴӵϵȨȡһС
ʮ
ʮ
ʮߣ
ʮ

ʱ䣬һ̣Ѿû壬һδγϫУĿ̳Ѿȫûȫκε̬ƺѾڽɫϫУ׳١ΪУڡϫڼϫûͣ£Ǿζţ̳ûбŤΡڳϫУᶨļš
֪ȥá
ͻȻ䣬ԽɫϫУһ貵ɫӳϫд͸ǹâ·ϫҲ޷ڡ֪УһžŰʮһɴС̳һӽɫϫڳϫУɳϫһδγˢʼΡȻȻֲɽơ
֪УϸеĽɫϫѾʱһϢʧΪУΡ
žŰʮһγϫ׶ȹ
ؿ飬ҲϢУ׽
ؽѹȥͻƽѾ̨̳صϣطͬҴһͨһָĸоǰʱطͬһεʼӵһĸĤڣ̳ۣط֮䣬ֱͬӹһطȻϣ֮ǰֹʮٱԡ
һʶ»ָǰʮһɴСļ̳̳Ѿȫһִ⵽µϾ̵κҪǿѾ᲻ɴݣ鱦ȥδܹݻ̳سϫ£֧žžŰʮһϴϼ̳Ǽ̳еߡ
˵֧ŵһ׶εļ̳Ծűٶӻ۷ϣǰļ̳ͿӵʮһȫֽȻ֮ͬ
ܺãڽָ̨оȻ棬ֻҪԸ⣬Ԫֱ̤̳ڼ̳ϣң̨ȻȻӵһѹڵ̨֮£ǿѹƣ̨ѹƣͬѹ֮ΪУ̶ͬ󣬴粽Уһսʮδܷӳ߳ɡ
ô˵Щֹ̫ۡ
ʵ򣬵̨֮µʿԵ̨ϵѹƣֵ뷨ԶԷ־ܣʵӿ£Ϊ̨۵ļ̳ľǵһء
̨̩ɽ
ÿ컨׹Ҳûϼ졣ҲûظĽ֮ǰϴ񣬱صĽ̨ĽôȻϢϸ
˾ǽˣָоȫͬġ
ڶԣţȫѹûнǰʮԼ
ֻǵ̨еĵһֻǼ̳һеĿ˶ѣɫԲ̵ļֻ̳һ̳ĸԲΣ졣죬һУٽһ㹹Լļ̳ռ̳һļ̳Ȼڵ̨УֻҪռ㹻ΪƷµһ̨ļ̳һ׵С
ռԽ࣬ƷԽȻȻļ̨Żӵǿ
Ǽ̳һей̡
ף
ոȫµʱ֪ΪΣһڤڤеĸӦȻȻĳĵסָоͷ·ѪĪĸӦƺһԼѪȫ١
ָӦ൱
ָӦ䡣
ɫһ䣬붼룬ּ䣬ѾǰֱӶĽޡѾֱ̤ţԵ۹ֱʧ
һ·;еȻ˵ֻǣеЩ죬ܺ־׾ͿԽȥʱǰľɫȻһ䣬Ѿ䡣
̤ȥͬʱһŨľȻȻ˱Ƕ롣ڡڽںһ˲䣬ͱѹﵽ̨ΪǿԶꡣȻᱻʴ
ֻص䣬ǡУ
̧ۿȥȻܿǰģһûгǽľ޴Уֻһ޴Ʒ渡ֳĸ֣ܿĳУַǷ˹ӣܿƮŵ״̬ȺдȴûжӰƻˣҲǼֲ֣Щ棬Ǻ޸о
ȵı鶼Ƿࡣ
壬ʬõȵȲ໥ףĳƷϲ飬˴˼仹棬Ｄңȴûκ˸ﶯ֡
һĻĻǳοֻἫΪľ档
ΪЩ̫˼ˣǰ벻Ļ档˸һ𽲼ۣ彻ʬҿڽǡ
УĻСˣȻԴ׵۳İգʿͽˣʿСӣǡ
׿Уÿʿڤ壬νǲȫḻ˫棬ֵȫǳӴÿʱỵ̈ΪףΪ档
Щʩ˫档
ΪֹǴҪֹֻԸ⡣
вûнеĴ㡣ֻǿһۺֱӳԭȻȪջڵλȥȪջʼûбһֱڻȪӸ
ûãͿ޴ĻȪջǰ
һϲҪͻȻ䣬ͿһµӰƾճǰǳֵḶ́ʮֹ죬·Ǵӿռд
ڤ裡
ͫ΢΢л˵
ߣ׵ģȻ˵ûģһĺˣ͸ӽʮ˲̷һ顣úøһʲôʹ
㻹һ֮ؼһ۾򣬾ȻһƷ˵ӵıСˣֱñӣܣ㻹ҵٱޡ֪ʲôڤŭ𡣡
ڤһ֣ɫָбӣſھһͷԵĴǼֱָűڲˮˡͲǵصĭϯˡ
еǿԣҲɵһǳ鴤üͷ΢΢
ûϲĪһָ
ȫְ֮
ͷԶš
ñȽѵѵ⸺ĺ
йâһһѾС


1781  
ڤϢŭڤϢŭ˵ǧ֡
ڰ賤ޣҪֵʱ֪ʲôطð˳м䣬һץסޣһЦݵĿȰȻǲϣ
ڤôƿڴδЩ̫ûеʲôʱ򱾵۳˸ĺ˱ɣۿɲǵøڤзʲôһ˵
Ҳһ˿ŭ
Ͼ˭ͻȻһƿڴҲᵱŭȫĪĻҲˡʲôûðɡ
ߣҪϹϵ
ڤЦ˵ǰߣ԰ʲôԼѵ֪ô꣬Ҫ˶֪㲻Ǹĺ˭ǣϹ۲Żῴ㡣
Уͫڶֳһ˿˿ɫУתá
ȻǰҪô
ɫһ䣬һһξΪѪͻȻӦԼµѪýҪŻȲǰ䣬ڿ֮ǰĸӦûд
ûڤֱӳŻȪջ˹ȥ
Ҫˡ
һУڴϲáȻѾŮɺܶʱÿһµѪеڴ뼤ͬġÿһλԼѪУ弫
үϰںԺׯ԰
СþڿջſڣеӰͫеͫһԾƺǻϲ˵
ã
׵ͷûжԣֱ̤ԺС
ڿջĺԺУ߸Լµר˽Ժ䡣һȥͿдŮؽˮë
죬Ҫˣ׼Ӥ·
ˮë˵ڶΪӣǻȪһδСˡ
һŮٽоḻź
үˡ
ЩŮʱ׷׹ʩ
ȻİڻȪջУѾʮʶˣƺҲԹүƣ˿ûе˵˼һ㣬ʮ
ˣʲô
лֹ
ĵĻڲܽȥѾֱӳȥߡ
үѾҪСˡʱҲӦòˡ
һڻش
쿴
쿴󡣡
һŮ̧ۿգȻԿڻȪջϿգ֪ʱͻȻ䣬ƾճһڵУУƺܿµĻ棬ڿ޺ڳ٣ƺܿޱڸ֣ɷħһ˶֡
ǻ棬ʮ˲Ҳáȷʵ൱£˲
Σ䣬ͬһֽɰľ
󣬿ӶĺӲ򵥣һעһľ콾ǿߡ̫ˡڤ̧ۿգͬ˸˿˿Ĺâɳעһ𶥼ǿߡӵս
ҵĹԹԣ׵ϰﵮµãʰɡֻ·ͬһ㣬ǵС
ҲǾ̾һզģ
Դӿ֣ţͻΪһ⣬ŻȪջȥգۼ䣬ͳû뵽ڵķڡ
ۣ
ţһĿӷ
֨ѽ
һУȻ򿪣һ˳ϲıһӤܿӤȻǸոճƤѾչɢһ㱦⣬ڵͷɫ·ҹ䣬ڵޱȴ⡣һк
У·ܿһ嫵ļѹħ˲˾
壬䶥壬ȻĴڣǳɳѹһħ֣壬һΪǿļʮ˲ѷɫǸǿѹħԽ࣬Խǿ޽ɡ
ڤĿ£̲סһȻһʣо𾪣ӵʣгɳΪǿߵʸ
ܱǿ߶ʱͻȻ䣬ܿһӰ׵ƾճ֣ڳֱֺӾͽӴߡ
󵨣


У裬ͬʱһŭ
У붼룬ּ䣬һשԲ˼ٶȳǵӰ˹ȥڳֵͬʱѾ׽ǺӰϢ磬˲Ϣ䣬ѾǺӰͷϡ
ž
ûá
ͨûá
ЩڽשǰƿʵʵǵӰͷϡ˲䣬ǵӰͷһҽУӲש飬ķѡ
ںӰʱŵĺһӴӿпʼ䡣һ룬ƾճһֱֻۣһѾͽٴαסңּͽһɫУƾʧиһ룬ֱʧΪС³ֵĺӰû뿪վա
ϸȥһµŮӣɫ԰ףȴ޷ڵƯաһһ˾ĽֻǣϣһаĹЦ˲
ĸעǣ֮׵ۣĸ׷Ըת㣬ҪһĺӣǾȥǰеȥʱֻ죬첻ֵĻĺӣǵĵܵܡ
ŮſڷһЦƺʮֵĻ֡
пɫ䣬΢΢һеŭ𣬼ҪȼաȴûжŮӳֻ֣ȥŭЦãõĺܣЩûԳ֣ܶ˶۵ӣŪץҵĶӣĸ𡣡
ĸǴǾǹĸϢŮǹĸµһӣɱһӣãң˵ĸӲˣҲٴɱˣҲǺ壬ɱĸֻǣĸԲôɱģҪȻҲܻڡ
һĸǵ죬ȫûнڤ۵ףҪĹڤըˣϢ˲䣬֪ͨȥϹƽ˹˹ĸ
ڤϡȫڴΣ׷Źֱܴ衣
Բ̡
ǣ衣
ԥпһۣתȥȻȥټ
ӣҵĺӡ
Ŵ򿪣һӰг˳գ¶ʹˮƺҪץסʲô
ǰס֣Сס
ģǵĺӲµģңһὫƽû˭˺еĺӣ䣬䣬ұ֤һ˵
дޱȵļᶨ
ĸǲսʤոձץߺӣȫ⣬ûԤϵʱ̣ĸẢӣڼУ䲻£Żᱻǵ֣Ȼ˽䱸ĸҲ׳ɹ


1782  ɽ
ֻϧ˵ʲô޲
ȥڣĸҪǸ˺ǵĺӣһҪΪǵĺᣬǸһдۣҲϧֳһĨᶨ
ץĺӣǾǴĽɡ
ܸĴۣҪöԷʹĴۣǹĸҲһ
ģڣĸ졣
Ц˵
ڤʲôط
һ򰢲裬ѯʵ
һͲʲôõطʱѾɲðɣԽҵԽãԹѶϢ鱨˽ԽԽãÿһ룬Ӹֲȷԡ
ǿɲʲôõط䣬һ֮أҲ˵εģû֪ഫǹصڤ֮ߵĵط̺ŹǹУͨ˴ӵһ룬ͷ·ͬԹ֮ڡҲȷ·ϳǧ꣬߳
˵ڤҲɵ¶һ˿֮ɫʮֵļ顣
ΪϵĽ֮һ
ζţµĽɣκпֱӱɣСңЩУһˣǾͿ϶Ӱ޴ÿһλ֮ǶݺŵǿߣѾﵽ𣬵ĵزĸ֮һ
ڽжȽǿĴڡ
ĸʼվռŹŻΪ伫ΪĴڣഫͨκ򣬿ٴ󣬶ңԹǿ£пܣ߽ȥʧޱԹ֮С
ĸռݹǹĸĳѨȻûȷָҵĸڣԣʮѲҪΧˣѶȼ󡣡
ڤûжԴ˸оֹۡ
һε飬ûô򵥾ͿԽͻһģδؾĿԳ׽ĸҪǹĸôɱģǾ;Բڡ
ڤ֮ʲô
΢󣬿ѯʵ
ڤ֮ഫеϵнӵƿڤȨִչޡãΪ֮ߣ䣬Ϊ޾
߿Ϊ͵Ȼִ˵Ǽ٣ûа취֤ʵֻǣִ֪˵㡣㲻ǣҲһֵʵڡ٣ڤ֮߶ӦġǴͨ߶ûа취⣬ԵĲǿӰȻͬһ㡣
ڤ֮ߵĴڹҲ˵٣Ĺϴ˵
ȻЩ޹ؽҪģֻҪ֪ʮС
ɽ֮¡ءɽһɽͬĲɽ󣬺ޱߣΰ޷ʥڣഫȪʥӵԴͷɽ飬ֻҪɽȻܵӰ죬һѹƣɽ»̫ԣҪͻܵ޾ѹһ֧Ųסɽϵ䣬пܱˤķǡɽ£Ϊ벻ꡣ
ƽ˵
˵ɽʱܿеĹâԾĳ˿˿˸Ȼвƽ
̫жжֻǣأУŲ죬ĸ壬Ҳ㣬̽ĲеҪĶ࣬ôгЧԿ϶Уɽ֧䡣
ɽÿһʿУʥģռޱҪĵλֻصͬǸֻءֵλ޿ġ
漰ɽǼ򵥵ġ
ʹɽ֮С֪ǶôѲ
ߣ֪ľλǣͼҡȥҹĸһеߣѯʵλãԿ϶ߵݣܹ֪ġ
ʱ̣飬û໥ıҪһжΪؼҪġ
õͼҸһȥ
ߺԥ˵
дһ˿ᶨĺӣոմһ⣬ӱߣʹ࣬û˱̣ȫǿ̹ġ
Уոºӣһܵˣ״̬£ʺټοҪȥֱ̽ĸ㰲ڼҵȺ飬һὫǵĺӣƽƽĴǴǹΪǵĺᡣұ֤
ҡҡͷܾ
ʲôˣֻҪǿ϶ԪˣʿҲ⣬ȻڱϣŮ꺢ӣƾΪȫһ̣ͱֵĺʱûĵԪ޷ģҪһʱľָܽʣµĺԽǿĸļȡԽ
֮ǰĺӣ壬ǶߵģȻһġ
ʱɱԲһõѡ
ߣ㲻ܳȥոԪˣҪ÷ᶯҡĸ˵Ժо޴Ӱ죬ˣѱֲ
ҲǺòԥȰϵڣ壬ϼǾԲġɳԶϼ𵽾޴ĺô
ã
ȻǣײͨˣȻĵҲ֪أ΢󣬵ͷӦӴĿϡ
ġ
һͷ˵
裬Ѿ֪ͨȥֵǽɽᡣ
Ժ䣬򰢲ش
ܺãǳ
ڤͷϲԾ¶ϡּ䣬ܿһ޴ĹŹѾǰµĶ棬˲Ŀ¡˼־塣
ͨţ䴩ֱܹӵִɽɽǹŹصıڣһУֻͶӰѡпڽ͵
š
׵ͷ
ûгɣһ̤Źأֻ⸡ֳһڵ̤ͨУšգۼ䣬̤뵽еĳڡѾ̤˳
ٴ̧ʱһεѹ˲
ָо˵Ϣ
ɽ
еԣһ̣Ҳɵĵһ
һȥǰֵģһ߼ʵľ޴ɽڵλöԣǲɽΪڣеһУʶ𣬺ޱߣ޷ݣڵɽ壬վɽ£ֱСͬһֻһ㣬޷޿ɱȼ硣
ѹ϶£ϣȻӴ£֮ǰ̨ǳһδسϫϴֻ£̲סǹȥֳ嶯൱ǿҡ
̧ۼ䣬ֻܿޱΰӰ
󣬾ֻܿǰ
ѹʼճɽ£̫ǿңһ£ײεʿԻ̽


1783 ĸ
ףҲ൱ͼεʿѾɽ»ȻҲֻɽס棬ʵǵĻҪǿΪ磬ѹ£ûа취ģֻᱻɽѹǿѹƣ粽Уò̾ɽǿ
ഫڲɽʱͬǿѹɽͬ˼ɽһ䣬һ䣬ɽǲɽһɡ
Ժʶֳһͷ
ȻʮֵĴ󵨣ûпܣǲģһδ֪ңⲢҪעĶ
ɽޱߣ壬ɽפأĺפأ磬ڤһһɽнڤ¹Źء
Ϊн˵
ﲢڤŹ鱦ڴɽУı䣬ڵأԲܵκι̶ǣ߳ĹŹأҲ䱾壬ֻһͶӰʲôطֻ³ڤ֮⣬˸޴ӵ֪Ҳ⡣
ⲢʹùŹء
ǰߣǹڣһ̤ȥѲʧ򣬱Ҫ취ҵʧ
һ˵
ֹĸҪһؼ⣬Ҫǽ⣬ǾһжȻ޴Ӽȥ
ҲûжԣĿ⿴ܣܿɽֻһ嫵ɽȻҲֻǹͺͺĻ棬ǴŸָľֲ
䲢ֻǣƫԣĻľͬˣɽϣܿŴĲЩǧٹ֣ءͨľһֻǣɢĲŨŨ̺һ֮˵Ȼûʲôɶʿ˵վ£оһֺԴԴϵڡ
˵Щľû֮תһԵ֮ûľͲľֻǱƫԡҲֻܿǣ󲿷ľҶӣɫǳֳһֺɫɫѪɫɫɫûɫΪ䣬ڤΪҫء
Ҫ̫䣬Ƕĸ˵һ־޴ѡĿº
ɽϣܿģ󲿷ֹһߴɫ֦ɫҶӣƮʱһС
ɽϣЩȴͨľǿƷĲϣ֦Ҳã鴩ŵ·֭Һ꣬׳꣬ӿٶȣһֿ԰еı
䣬żҪĵλ
٣׹Ǿȵȣĸ֣ȻȲ䣬ҲԲҪռҲһӴ֣ܶණõȥǾʮĵر׼ǵòı
ɽϵһһľóȥǶǱп˴˿ԽƷֵǮƷһӼ۸ͱ
ɽܶʿѼֲϡ
ڷннס
ֲ۹ԵЩֵġ
Щֻ΢һֻۣǼº󣬾û⡣
ˢˢˢ
ܿŹУâ˸һΣŹĹԴԴϵ˳ЩڤµĹܿÿһǾ϶й£ǽֻ꣬أһ̣й£Ȼÿνֻǻȡ΢һС֣һƶ㲻ϣȴԴԴϵӡ
¼ǴĺôȻǳ󡣱Ĳ˵ϣ˳˳ˮֽѣӦļ٣ǱʱѶȴ˳ͻơ
ֺôǴʿܹһԭ֮һ
߳ĹԿĳÿһ൱ĽײεսǿģѾ൱ףס֪Щĵ̺εǿֻΪǹӵĻԻɲʹĴۡ޷ܵĺȻУԲֻΪﵽĽײεսĽ֮µģͬڣֻǣټȻǡ
Ľ֮£µҲδá
ǿڤȻռҪλĹһȻ˶ĹǿߡǲСӡ
ͫһӹԴԴðĹ
Ѹӡ
һ

ʮ
򣡣

Ƭ̼䣬ֵĹѾ򡣶ңȫĽ֮ϵǿߣ⻹ûеġĹж٣ֻ£ڤ⣬ûֻܹ֪Ǻһᣬκž޴һȺӵйµҪɱҪеĺ
ֺء
ﵽ˰ʱڤһ֣³һΧ
һԥĳŹڵķΧ˹ȥ
⻭棬˲侪ܱߵʿǿߡ
һĿɿڴĿǰľ
óͣнʬɴ۾
ҵ죬ڤҪʲôĹǹеľҪս𡣡
ˣʬˣǹײȫҪңҪ˯ţ˭ʮ˵˯ˣƿײİٳһۡ
죬ڤټǰҪĸսϢʵ̫ˡ
ʿǾĿɿڴͬʱ궼˷ܵĲ̫̼ˣЩо£ֱѡ
ţɽײӦǸ൱ѡ
˿̣С
صͨᴩգɽ֮ڣڹĵλãһƬ޴Ŀռ䣬ƬռУһ޴Ĺܿڵڤӻɳɡһ޴ڤ֮ߵͼʥء
ڹУٲȻܿ˵ϣһɫɴŮӣŮϣƺܿ޾ĸԹԻ⣬һۿԾľҪȻ𾴡
ĸԣΰһƷԡ
Ӱ·ʥַ
ܣžŵӰŮÿһ϶ŹĽ
ŮӻУȻԿһճӤӤϣܿһ˿˿ı˸ƺķ֣ͫ޾ͷϡȴûпޣ۾ֻǾĿŮӡĿ峺ƺں棬ƺڴ
ĸף׵ڤѾˣڹѾڹ⣬ܱΧˮйֻͨӶɲǺŭưոݡ
һŮ˵
ƺһ˿ǡ
ߣ㣬ʲôڹûǵָ˵ǰҲҵǵټԲƿԹ谭
һ˵


1784 ͼ
ǿ̣йڣҲ޵׶ж̶٣һ㶼õġȫΧˣҪԹĸоͱ֪ٴˡ
ģȻǹĸľŴӡ
ŴӿɲǱĹӣӹĸﵮĹӣĸ֮䣬ǵմѪȫܲɷֵĴڣĸĸŮ׽ģǲĥģͨ£ȫѲĴڡңÿһӵΪ磬Ȼ龳硣
ټϹĸ𣬹Ӳԡ
Ŵӣǰ޽ɣϣǺ޼ɵġԸϣȻҲǸвͬŴӣֱԸ
㡪侲
㡪䡣
ܡ
ĵܡ
á־塣
ܡ̰
áѪȡ
˵ܡʳ
á١
ȻԲͬһǿټйĸӣɳٶȼ죬̶ʱڣѾɳǿĲΣֻ龳ҪſֶΣԸ̨ɱУӻЩԱܵļ顣֮ǰֵǴ;ãó°ߺӡ
;ͱһשӲҵ飬Ҫǣڹĸ¸ܵˣ˺ϣһ㣬ǻָɫͬ԰ףٵϣֳûе
ֱ˺壬ġ
֪Увһ˿η塣
ϾеҲǰģǴħսɱģҹаħʬǶɣ京ɵġոո̹
ĸףΪʲôҪץ׵۵ĶӣȻӤ⣬漰̫Ӵ䲻˵鱨׵۳Ѿռ嫺Ѿһһͣϣӵе̣׳󣬾ؼ䣬ϼȢϼҹºӣϼҲưոݣڤǹ֮áΪӤֱӵ
ǶڹУȻ˭ûа취һȥȻ˺Χˣ˵УѾͰĸ׸ףɱĸһΣͽһöҡܶܣֻ¶ᶯġ
侲˵
Ըʼձһֶص侲״̬ٷڵľ棬˵ʵڣʮֲȻɾԲǺиɻʼոоһΣֻģһ޴鷳
Ҳòٴѹĸ
ϴ󣬲õģΪģҪ׵۸ҪǲץĺӣôǰҵĿģҪģ£һжΪƿ֮С
ĸһһĨζɫȻڵľ棬һʼͱԤ֪ģյĺʲôܲ²⵽ȻһУƿС
ڣҪǣνƹԹߵԼǰ
ȻĿģĸûжԾ˵

˵
ȴ˵뿪ףʱ嫺⣬ѪǰһУȻĵӰ
ĵӰܿÿһ̺ž˵ΰϢԨ
һoѹoľؼһ
ԣoʱԷoǷһ塣ԽǿoԽˣȫԴﵽֱӵĵز
һۿɢ
ģȻǷ׵
ôףȻҲоֵԭ򣬲ֻ͵׽Եûѡֱͽ֮ڡϾ˳ؼһ˳λѾߴ۳ĲΣȻͬСɣ˿Сؼǣⲻͨ˳
һףһʥأŨˣˣϢ纣羰һʢˣٴ뺣ÿʱÿ̶ӣͷֻҪ˶ã׾ʸʥͥ˳Ҫֻ֣»մȾ¼ҵ׵ۿɲǺǵĶ󡣡
ĸ̧ۿ׾ڣǼѪǣܹĿϿϵˡؼ䣬һƬ󣬷ʢ󣬹ǿʢձȻҲǰҵޱӵҪǶ˳ѣӵǾҲܵҵǣ
Բʲô¡
Уȷʵ޿ĵһ˳ֻϧҵȿɷ˵Ψһѡ񣬴׳ܲסŭͬҲܲסУɼҡҡͷ˵
ٲԸΣ־޷ΥġǺǳеˡoѣڵУֻܴɱϡ
壬ûгֻѣҪΪУʱշִ磬ɳǲҪֻҪӰɳ֮ͿԣҲǵë
˵
Щ飬ǿ䶯ġһҪô塣
ˣı˵ǻǿʼɡ׵󡣡
˵
УΪס
һڣҲû
ͼ
ּ䣬ȻԿһͼƾճ֣ͼϣܿڱãַ·ֱӻΪһƬĻ󣬹ϵ鲼ͼ档һʥϢ١
ٶơ
̧ۿͼſڷһϺȡ
ϺУΪһ⣬ֱӳͼǡ򶫷ӿ
¶ꡣ
Ҳûгɣһ£ҲΪһ⣬ǣˮڡ
ĸϷߵ硣
ĸ𣬳Ϸǣһڲ˸Ծ
򱱷
Ϊһڱ
λĵȻȻͼӦϽڣܿͼУ׵粻˸һָߵķѸ۶ɡ
ַַɣ֮Ϊ
ŷƱã¶ѩ仯СУɲ֣ܲɷָӰʱ仯űĪ⣬أ־ϢҲԿ֡ɫ࣬û
󣬲ΪȻչ¶ͼһ档
λ˲䣬ͿǸͼȻʧϢ䣬ѾѪǣ뵽׾ڣͬͼҲڷţгһƬƬ򸲸ǹȥ
һִĸǣطϵɢȻȻɢգءֹ̣ȫûκһ½أһ죬ǺѾȻϢ䣬ͼǡ˵֡
ɢؼÿһա
ջԭȵգƻǰİƣһ̣Уؼ䣬׾ڣϢĶĵ־


1785 ϯ
ʢ⾰壬ȻãТؼԳԵñůʣǰûмĳ棬ȻûκһؤĴڡֱǲ˼顣
Уһ־Ǿ̾˵
ؤ
֮УȻκһؤɳڣؤʣȫڵġ
ǰκؤʣκεطеģԽؤԽ࣬ʢУ޷ؤĵزǼѱȵ졣ɴȴˡ
ؤʲôǳԲŻؤ
ɴУڳԲ⣬ͨʳǶѻɽҪж٣ôӣ׹ٷͿά
ܳԱ£ɵӲŻؤ
ؤǲʱ֣һֶľٶ
ȫ
е壬ط岻ͬˣϣѪԣ޲ɱ뺣ԡ壬ǾȻǿˣƺҪطҪǿһڡǲ˼顣
Ҳ̾
Ŀ£ܸܵ׺ȣͷ·ȫԵȵһָоʮֵ֡
һ죬һڵأҪǾòһ۾ֱܷĳò˵׵۹һʥ۾һ㣬ǵһǵһҪۼ׵ۡ
Ҳ̾
ֻξ̾Դ׵Ϣе𾪣ЩɲòִС
ʼɣɳ֮⣬Ұڣ
г֣ε־׵۳ûнʩɳϣǵУܹɳ̺󷨽ƣʣôϮģκιȾͻᱻסҲǹֻһֹʩڴ׾ڡڻҰгգ׻һУֻ²ҲˣԲôóܵġ
֮У̨ϮӻҰ
Ҳ˵
׾ڣ࣬ˮûء
΢ȻЩԸ⣬ջѡִо޷ĴڡһȴǵĽǸӿµĽ֡
׾ڣ硣
ĸֻǵͳ˵һ
ĵ־ͼ£Ծ˵ٶȸ׾ڡ
ӱϿʲôʵؼĹѾ˸ı䣬ա
ǡ
ܱʮֵľ£ÿ춼дİվϷöеһɫռϵ¶ˮҺ⡣
ܱߣͬǻҰҰУŴޣǸ岿䡣⣬вˣ壬һ֧ħڸһɽ֮ڡӲҪ˵ڶĸֹޡҰдڵΣգʮǿ󣬲˵һ˵ô򵥣Ұܴ棬ޱȾ޴ġ
޵Ѫɷ⡣ǸϣŴ¹ޣһǱܵͽ˵Ӱ
˿̣һ֧ŶѡҰԡ
ŶӣһҩʦһʿһʿУʮУҩʦӵҽͨսнƣֱܷҩ޶ȵļӴŶӵջ档Ȼ൱ģʿƤŶȻܣʿͨЩһֻҪĬ㹻ãڻҰԱֹ
ǰ¹ȣ¹Ҫģɽ¹ݲҪģǵסޣٶȲɼҩһʮöҡԲܴ
ʿҩʦЦ˵
ܲܳԵõģȡԴͿһˡ
ʿҲЦ˵
˵Ц߳ǡ⡣ŻҰȥ
꣡
ڿҪɽʱͻȻ䣬к׵ðһ磬Բ˼ٶȣֱʿϣң·һʿϣֱԾݵҩʦʿϡ
Ϳ˵ͷ˲·ɨ㣬һۿȥʮֵĹ죬Ƥڣ·Ҳ˺ѣݵڣһҡΡв³̣ϴݳսϢƤǽڵġ൱ҡ
ҩʦڵϣʿҲŵ£ֻʿǿǿᣬӲ֧ûе¡
ôС磡
ʿ벻ͨôͻȻϣ⼸ʣȫǧ֮һŶԡ
ڣֻˣû
ٺǡ
󺣣аգ඼ԺкޣԣȡҪԴ
죬ͻȻ䣬ϣ׵Ĺ쫷磬һľˣЩˣڲϳٺϯգۼ䣬γɳ̨磬籩꣬ǵء
ą̃磬죬Ͽسǣķˣʺԡ
ںԵʿ׷ٶȷسУ̨ӣ죬ܵԴȻĿΰɵɫ䣬ܵ޴
ţڴ׾ڡָľˡ
еĵطͻȻ죬籩̶£
еĵط뿪ɳǽҰͻȻ磬׻
вԭϣƽع硣л硣
игմܼгϣгиַƷģɱĴϵ䣬ڵϡ
ڿշУϮ׹䡣
ָĻ棬ڴ׾ڸ
ǳϡò
ָѶϢʾ׵仯ʮֲ
ͨ鱨Ѹٴݣڼҵ۽š
ô£ոҳȥҪԣͻȻ䱻һ˻ֱǿ£ҿͼʿȻֵס
㻹ãұϮˣҵͷѽ
ʲôеİףѾҪˣһˣҵѪȫûˡҵģʹ
ԲǴ׵۳йѹѹôһͻȻôĶңһӳô࣬ǲǲʲôǿǴס
һطҲˣھȻ֣쳣仯ֻڵֽٵʱоȻ統ѩ֣һȥƻ൱󡣶ǴӰԶ
нŸɳ
ʣһɼʧȻ󲿷ֵطûԱӰɾ޴󡣳ɳǣǾͻȡʡ
֮Уķڡ
Ȼ׹ٷ
ȷ쳣ľ࣬һʱ쳣仯
쳣
ѸٸǴ׾ڡ
ضҲ
ã쳣ضλ˴ģȻҴסվڵضǰɫ΢˵
ѾࡣгΪһ


1786 Ӧ֮
ˮ裬ִȻǺ⣬һ󣬽ֻǺ̵ܶʱڣѾˮʦ۷ϿɣΪʸȡְλУҲλȨأȻⶼǽʵѧĻϡԴˣͬǵʲá
֮УвǾҪ¶
¶㾡ʩչ̨
һ㣬Ȼ൱ס
ҹԼǣ֮ǰǰ۹۾Ѿѽٵ飬ڿȻ֮ǰԤ޼ˡ
һ˵
ʣԤ⵽ģֻǣ಻ֻԤ⣬ҪóĽʵЧĽ⣬ƽڵ⣬Ҫġ
Ǵ׵۳ķˮ󣬽ɽͼȹķãټϹˣһ㲻ܳ˴ģ֣п϶Ļڵֻǣ˭Ҫϸ̽顣ҪѣҳĻ֣Ȼķ
նɱĻ֣ʣѴԴͷֱӽˡһѣơ
ǣѣܳڴ׾ڣңûܵѪǵûܵ˵ķɳ֪ĴڣǼ򵥵ͿԶԸģǱȻй˷ɵ
ˣͻø鷳
һ㣬Ǿֻ취ڵľ档ѣǴӰ仯ĳ£ļõģҴ׵Ľݱ䡣
΢΢ü˵
ı仯ɾļʱı仯ļʱ仯ǲľ棬ļһȹ̣Ǿζŷ˳Ȼ˳˳ˮհҵһжչֳʢ
һ㣬ֻ޲ߣѵ˶ýɽͼҪôԽһʱȴδܹĽ⣬ЩҪ취
仯йأӰǴףȫı䣬磬Ǵпֻ̫ۣ̫ۣۣ֮֮Ǽ£ʩ̫̫Ǵãڹؼʱ̣ǿֱӻ̫̫ҫգɢҫɽӣûȻҪͣ
ҲУȻˣȴ뽭ཻ࣬Ī棬Ƕ÷ˮ֮Ҫ֪ķˮ֮裬˿κҪѷɫǿ
ڹŴնͨĴ˵ǿǧţûжǲ֪ġ
һ㣬Ҳܿķˮжǿ
ĵ
سִ䣬Ҳ˹Ҫе׶֪һЩʲô
̫ۿɻڣ̫ۿɻ£̫ǿӰ󺣳ϫÿеĴʱѹƽϢȥ¼˵̫̫֮ؼӰ죬ڷˮʦ˵ʲôص顣
еϵ
ʣǿƽϢ籩һֶΡ
⣬̫̫ѹգСֻѵǿȴһ˿ϲɫаݹַ֪Խһѡϵ磬ô졣
Ҳһ޴⡣
ҪǽˣΣأʱᱻϮ׻֣ʮֵӵ⡣
ǵãڵ۾Уһ鱦׳أ׳գͳһӦÿԽҰв׻΢˵
鱦գϸ㣬Ӧǿеġ
ǰ۹۾
˶һۣ
Ĵ£˽ȻҪ֪յľ
۹УСӼǡ
߿˵аȻһ㣬Լ⣬˭ֱ治֮䣬Ҳûκ뷽ʩУֻ׳޷óʱķǳһȴ˵
󣬽Ҳתȥ
˼ԾƲôȻ⼸λ𣬻治ʲô֮ˡҴ׾ڵ仯ҪϿҴףҪѹҴ׵ơֱ˳Ц
а̧ۿգ˿˿аڸ֡
ѾҪΪУѾվڶϡ
۾ѩŮ
˵

а׵ͷ籾һȻ˵
ǣ
Ӧתȥ
ʱһѩ׹װͷڵıѩŮѾǰ̧ۿУʩһ񣬶УѾǳȣȫ֮
׵۵׻׵ۣ˵ɲ⡣Ȼ˳ԸõС
ѩŮаһͷȻҲǼȵߣܵ˳ǿôԸ飬ңЩ޲ΪϡȱԴѩݣڷ򣬱ǰҪ죬ΪֹҲʵƿصıѩѾﵽ˳ɡ
ͻƵٶȣԶȵҪ졣
У˵һ˿⡣
ǰȻҪҪС
۾ĸѣӦo⣬ҵļλѡѩŮа󣬿˵
o˭
айâһѯʵ
ĻӦǷ׵ǵķͨӦľ仯ƿط׵Ĵ󣬶ңлһͼΪͼһɴ󣬽ӵΰԿǸǿĴܼǿߡҲϢգִӰʱ仯ģǵȫһ¡
ѩŮ˵
֮䣬ɲһϤʱҲ໥ͬھһ㡣
ȻĴoҴн꣬ǡô
аͫһЦ˵
Դ׵ģǾԲӵʲô³ǾҪге׼
۾趯ŭԸǰǽ棬ǳڴ׵ĿģпܣδزҴĴoԴףо޴ĺô
ѩŮ˵
ʣҪȰ˵ףЩѾͲѡңΪȰ飬ȫԻȡһʵĹѫͬҲвҪλѾʹԭ
ڴô꣬ӵףĴףѾǱ濴ô򵥡
ڰС
Ŷȥһԣܳɹξһδ󹦡Ϲѫ
аζ˵
ʱѩŮҲ뿪ˡ

䣬ǰ
׼̤УµĲͻȻ΢΢һ٣üһĨ䣬ԺлȡаݶѶϢ׾ڣзı仯Ҳ˲Ϣ䣬ȫԺ
Ǹ˫У䲻˳ҲŪһ۶ӡҪҴ׽ĲǾͿǷܹ𣬱һ֡
Ц


1787 λ
ûԳ֣ѡӵķʽ֣ȻǶԴ˼ɣǣĳּɻ䣬Գ֣ĻδûĿռ䣬ǽıȡĺô
׵ѩŮͬεoҪշ֮ڣʣȻԴо޴棬ˣǿ뷷oġ
ļʱ仯ԭȵļƻҪǰˡ
һĨĿ⣬УɢϢ
ǰõĲ֣ʺõڡһɣ仯׾ѹȥ
ɼƻҴ׵۳˱ȻﵽɽʥͥĵزĻδһ¡ʱ򣬿ԸŴһľϲ
а
ڴû̫Ķݡ׷չڣ˳˳ˮ澳гɳȻԸװһЩ飬δزһ£Խ࣬иĳɳռ䡣
쳣һο飬Ҳʮֲ
ʱ㲻̫ȫʱһţɴ׳Լ취ӦԣͬǶǵһο顣ܷӳʲôáҲԺúõ֤һ¡
ڲǼƽЩ顣ǰǰ⡣
飬һжҪȾȻغ˵
ڤһȥǲ֪ûа취ҳȷ·ֱͨĸϳڡпǰ޴Ĺһ޴ɽܴ󣬷ǳ󡣽ڣƺΨһȻҲпܲǣ٣ǰֳģΨһһͨڡ
ںܴˣһţǧҲһͨ˿оӵ
ؼǣǶڣһƬڣһڵУڲת·Եڡʱɵ飬
еоڣһ̤ȥûĻǻ͵ģڹκһ֮Уڣû˭֪ĸѨڵλꡣ
ڤҡҡͷ˵
˵ʵڣεʵظһЩԹ⣬ûȷ·ȥҲ޼¡ûĴ㽫Щȫͽ
ֲǵȻѡ
ֻԶǿ߽̽ȷ·Ӧ֮
ߣһסֶۡΡ
бзһЦȻȻһİա
һ䣬Ȼֻһ˸һеźȻ֣ɢϢܱն·Ҫѹȥ
鱦š
ڤĿã̲ͫס΢΢һ˵
֮ԿӹͨΪڣɡŵͨ綼ܹᴩ֪óľǿԽһռ䣬ִӦĿĵء
ȻڹУûĿ꣬ţҲ˲䶨λ׼ȷĿĵءܹʡһҵȷĵص㣬ȫԼţŲƽȥ

ٴηһϺȣʱͿǧս׵ѾǰÿһɢϢܵĹɫ΢΢һ䣬ܵǿҵѹŨŨϢġ

ڤҲһĨɫЩʵһ۾ܿʮǿ󣬶ңսͬУԳʬɽѪɱġֵزķѵԴǳġÿһܶһ档
ǧͬʱ̤šȻֻǧһɢƣȴһ㶼ûбΧĹѹȥǧΡȻ
ȥ
жŹһָʱͿŵһˣѾֱ֮̽У˲䴩УеĴ֮̽Ѩ
ңſɲֻһ̽ȥʱֱӷֳǧͶӰֱͶͬ򡣲ͬ
·
ǰ·ͨ
ǹĸѨڡ

˲Ϣ䣬һѶϢѾ˳ŻԺСڵĲʵ̫ˣൽһֽ̬ĵزǧǲǾţһëѡû⣬ȫ·̽ûмֵǧѸٳϡ
ţ˳ӹг
ң֮ǰĲǣȻܱٴν룬ϾдͣģֻҪӵ꣬ڲͿԷأ̽µλá˲̽Ų飬ܿҳȷĵ·
һ̽޹˲䣬ٴ̽
ٴǧų
̣ٶȼ졣
һ׵ۣȻ
ĿúҲһĿɿڴµľǶеȻԹΪǿķݣڴ˿̣ȴǿŪһɸӣڹӡһѸų
ǹĸ벻顣
Ч죬ֻҪܽĸĳѨ̽鵽αҪùĸ֪ʲôڤŭ𡣡¶ЦݣֻҪа취ҵĸڣһΣҪùĸʹĴۡʹ˽䳹׽Ҳδزܡ
С
йĸ
ĸ׷׳һţһ̽ǲͻȥϢ׵鱦Ų̽ꡣȫܸǼŲȥֻҪ˶ãͻҵǳѨڵλáʱ򣬹᳤ֱ롣ֱɱ볲Ѩ
Ǿ֮ɫ
ǰı顣
ô벻бƽʱ򡣻ᣬֱǲ
׵ۣҪҵǲֻ֮£һĻд鷳
侲Ҳһ󾪱䣬ɲʲôϢ
ܹţйΪ̣ۼԹҪƿȻӿֳһҡ
Ȼ׵ۣȻӣ׻Щ̫С
ĸҲ΢΢ɫ
ˢ
ʱͻȻ䣬ֻĸڵĺĿռϿգףһ˸ڰ⣬羧ŹĹᴩռݣƾճڿռС
ϣȻܿһߴ̤ͷ̧ۼ䣬Ѿĸڣɨ֪ܺԼѾҵĸ֮
ãţ׵ҵˡ
ѪһĨɺѪ⣬Ȼ˵
ոջ飬ͱֱǳ״ǵĲ֡
ҪţȻˣҲûвĵǹû˭ǰ
ĸһϺȣɫ䣬ңɳȡ
ڶ⡣
ҲڵһʱõݵѶϢҲ¶һĨϲɫ
ҵˣѾĿռ䡣
зһϺȡͶӰ˲ɢǧͬʱۣű֮ϡиǺԥ̤ţ
ĸοôӡţĸ
ڤҲǵϲ̤š


1788 ׳Ƴ
ô꣬ҵĸϳڣڤҲһ˿С
ڤĸΪﵽʲôΡһţһ߿ѯʵ
ĸҲһͷ䱾ʵݴ˵Ѿǵ̨˵ǿߣ䱾Ķ֤ܣҲ޷κεഫĸطһΪս˲ﵽ֤Σңκԣ䣬ɿԳΪһͷû˭ӡ
ɫص˵
ΪȻǴﵽ֤εĴܼǿߣ۾һͷؼ䣬֤ӹɵһͷκεطҪܵͻƵ֤Ǹ죬̨һһͻƽ൱顣
֪֮ͣ
̨ܶҪͻƵ֤
֤ôͻƵģѡһ֤ǧطĵ·o֤Ļᣬһһֻһ֤ߡo֤ǾͱҪoݣһʧܣ֪ѣѱȵ졣
ڶ·߳ĵ·Լĵһ·ѾڣԼĵΪ֤ʱҪصĿ飬һֵסûеõϿɣϵĻ޷գȻ֤һ֤ڼȴ󲿷ѡ֤ǧҪǿᣬ˵ͻ֤ļʸߡ
ΪԼĵȻʺԼġ
һֱӷӳʮֵս
Ҫġ
ĸܹԵ̨磬ӵп֤֪ܵԶǱô򵥡
ͬΪ̨۲ˡ
жȻ˵
֮ͬУʣκѷɫ֮ͬУǿĵǿ֮һɱţһδʬɽѪս޵
ţԿһ
ڤȤ˵
ϾУеսûǲеġ֮ǰħսϻϹֻ̨ϧɱҹսҹзʲôҲûж֪׽ʿףҲй¶ֻ֪ǿǳǿǾһ㣬ȫϵġ
̸УѾ˳һƬ޴Ŀռڡ
һ۾ͿںĿռ޴Ĺĸĸܵдݳݻϡ
Ȼǹĸϳλҵˡ
ڤĿãǱ¶һĨЦ˵
ŹֵǣΧĸһĹʿȻЩ̫ԡƺ֮ǰĸûټµĴ㣬˵ҵٶʵ̫죬Щ¸ۼſǰľ档
Ȼһ׵ۣȻܹ뵽ְ취ҵò˵֮ǰС㡣
һڶʱȻԿĸһӺݻ˳ңŴԹĸԣһ㶼˿Ĺ䡣ͬһӺݵȻ
һһеɡ
ܿĸУȻ֮ǰ°ߵĺӡ
ĸ
пеĺӣһĨ˵ģ٣ӻǺܰȫģûյ˺Ѿ㹻һ
۵ĺӻοԼֻ̣Ҫ˺ӣһж˵
һĸ˵
дһ˿Ͽҡ
Ȼоãĸ׽ӽĿԲ󡣵Ͼһ˿ϣģϣͲܷ
ӡ
Ҳ˵
ۣӸ㣬һʹ
ĸͻȻ¶һĨõЦݣͷ׺ӣȻּ䣬ӳ˹Ȼᣬƽȵľǰ
ʲô
ڤҲɵŴͣЩ
ȫû뵽ĸô
ͬޱ𾪣־ȣԱеĶȴ˿ûͣ١ٽӱסңһʱ̽麢ڵľܵѪϢȫü٣Լĺӡһʣ壬Ҳüٵġ
ȷϺ󣬺ԥһ˲ѾСвȫҲ㣬ֻںУܱ֤Եİȫ棬֤ҲԺκ˺
ֱ׽ͽУȷϰȫУųһ
оʼǰľ档
ĸʱһͷʹ
ոջΪҪһսпܽû뵽ĸȻ׾ͻ˻ȫǳԤϡһ׼ûС
ͷʹǣո׿˵ֻҪѺӻһм̵Ļһûҹĸ鷳ˣΪһ۾˵ĻôûзڣԶŵĵҪôǶĲ棬۳
ʧͲһˡ
ֻǣһˡ
ǰ裬ҲɵĳĬˡ
ĸɣǳϵģޱܣȴܶ֡
ĸ㵽Ҫʲôץ۵ĺӣҪרŽĿģΪʲô
ԺпתͷҲ̼䣬²⵽ôĸ׼ģץӵĿģֻ¸Ϊ˽󣬲ǹĸҪġ
ĸĿʲô˷ѽ⡣
׵ۣڤ£һ˵
ĸЦ˵
ǲˣǹĸĳѨóȻ룬Ҫʲô壬ȻδκǣҲһ鷳¡ʲô飬Ǿ˵ıȽϺá
Ц˵ɲιĸһթŮˡôܵġ
ôܻӦǰ
ҪģֻǴɷĹ
ûж˵˼Ȼһġ
ȻˣǾڤùҪ̸飬ʺʿ򣬶ԴҶáĸЦЦֽû̫⣬漴˵Ҫ
ãͿ«ﵽʲôҩ
Ц˵
ּ䣬վϵĹȫȥ
֪УƬռУֻʣУ裬ĸӣ֮⣬ˡգһӱ쳣
˵ɣ˴µĽҪʲôżɽɣû̫๦жȻ˵
ȻĸһӶֵɣǴҲûмĴ㡣ȻҪĸҪʲô
νʵҪƵ۾ǣһ׮Ҫ۾һ
ĸЦǺǵ˵
Ǳ飬ױôüĿģͷԡ
Ŷ˵˵
ƽ˵û£Ȼָ۷塣
ܼ򵥣ҿԼףܴ뷷⣬Ӵˣ׳Ƴ
ĸ˵УƺܸܵһŨĳϿҡ
ڿЦ
ɫһ䣬Ц˵ĸĿ⣬ѾΪơ


1789 
ĸʲôˣɲʲôܡһΪʵҲ˵ͨߣǿھŴӵļӳ£ٶȣµľűһӹһΪʵǾ֤εľͷʵӰûбҪס
Ǻ׵˵Ҫס
һеһУôô죬ȫϳ
ĸҪʲô
ץߺӣԲΪһЩС¡ôĴۿǼġ
Ҵףɲף֪ǳñδӦζĿһ۹ĸ˵ĸʲôˣѾŪǽ壬׵ϰߣϰԣν׻ҪҪ֣ǿоܾڹĸĿĲ£ô״Ӧ
ıģδĸͬ
ʣƺԴ
ȻӦҲûϵǴϽĻ۾Ӧò᲻Ӧɡ
ĸζĿһУֿ֮˵
Ҫȥ䣿

ڹĸЩͷԡ֪ҪʲôģǸо׽˺ѰƢԡ
ÿУҲȥһ䣬磬׵ķĽĸЦǺǵ˵˼һ
ȥ׿ͨУһǰʱӭκЯѡƽ˵ȻԲţĸֻҪȥ俴羰˵
ľͷκһ仰Ƕ޵ķʧ
˵̺ĳ⡣
ˣĸʲôֱ˵Ĩǣƽῴ
Ц˵Ȼûйĸġ
Ǻǣǿ
ĸϵЦɣ󣬾ͿԺһƽԴԴϵĸ֣Ϊһɫ̡ܸܵǽɢȻʥ
ܡ
ɫһ䣬̲סһ
֣֮㾹ȻӴĹ¡ô¡
Ҳɵ¶֮ɫ飬ȫǷĵġǹ֣֮һӴŨһ̶ȣŻ۳һ֡ӵйֵģһǶд󹦣ңκУҪܵ𾴣ˡĴڣЩ˵ǿߣ衣
ǴޱӴҵ
˭޷׳ܵ
ǣĸôôӴĹ¡Բ˭ܻ۵ġҪ֪һֱĸǵѹףӶǿߣǣֻҪͻ᳹ʧҲûгֹŴӶᾭӶʿҲǽ˹󣬾ͳʧȻϢ
ִ˵֪˶ꡣ
ʵģĸǶӶ࣬ûжٿԴӹ뿪ҲûпκйµĴ£ôܹ۳ӴĹ¡ֱǿЦ
κһ˶пܣΪʲôƫƫǹĸȫûе
ǲǾ⣬ǲǾãӦҵԹ壬ӦþӴĹ²ŶԡҲ˶ԱĿ֪ΪʲôһӴĹô
ĸŹֵЦЦ˵
ô¡
΢΢ü˵һ㣬ȫԤ֮⡣ȻҪŪôһ¡
Ҫ֪ܼ򵥡
ĸϻָƽһֻ֣ǰ޴󹬵ƾտʼŲƣƿ
ƿ󣬺ȻԿסλã澹Ȼһ޴Ķڡⶴޱȣǲϵӿֳһ˿˿ħԴԴϣ಻У·˻һּΪ˵ĸо
·ڶУޱȿµаħ
ϢҹϢ
еɫһ䣬˲ءϢǾԲܸоġҹϢҹսսʮ꣬ҹϢǱ۾ŵĳԲо
УȻðҹϢصĶ˲˱о
Ȼͨҹͨĸ⵽ô¡
ɫص˵
ζʲôڿĵһۣѾף֪ף⵽ж¡ҹʲôطУȻûʿ᲻ͨڣһҹ֪ǹƣ䣬˵Ǿһ޷ѡģޱߵս
оȻͨҹֱͨǺš
ô£Ҳֻ֪ںʱߣϢһͨҹħӿ֣ңţһҹаħӶð
һʼãֵֻһЩͨҹаħʵ̫ߣȫӦԡʱƣǶðҹаħԽԽǿҲԽԽ࣬Ƕڣһͨͨڣռ޴ͬһսڣаħѾʼһףףﵽףסңĹɣֻ£ڲ֮󣬳ֵҹаħøǿ󡣡
ڣѹһʱƣ£ʱҶѹסһ䣬Ҳޱս𣬲䣬ɲֻҵġ飬ûһе
ĸһ˵
ѹͨʮ꣬նɱҹаħȻȻĻ۳һ޷Ӵ󹦵¡ʹ£ֶ۳ˣ֪ĸѹͨйصġ
ڣѾܵǿѹһʧܣҲܾ޴ҵ
ԣĸŻ뾡취ڤҹҪһˮܵõʣһȡµϱء
ɱҹаħĹУȡָĺôԴԿ˵ǲ
ҪףҪ׵ͨпĸ˵
ȻܽɣҲɽ˳ˣƱݣɽĸڵ˵
Щʧڹеʿء
ѯʵ
нʿͽͨҹаħɱսڣҶ¹أֻҪʮ꣬Ϳ뿪뿪ͨ磬ֻܳǱףй¶֮ͨ¡һй¶𡣡
ĸЦ˵
һĸ
ϳĬ
ףܴͳΣĸҴ׿ɳͨ˴ͨǸٴۣҲҹаħԽͨϯ䡣
΢տ˵
֮ǰû뵽ڹĸУȻôأϢҪй¶ȥǾԻ䶯䣬ͨʣǾ޴ͬҲǾ޴ĻԵ
׽С
ĸȡ£˿ġ
ãܴ뷷⣬кβɡϣԻȡ㹻ɡĸȻһЦ
˼ȻҪӵȨ


1790 ĸ
ĸ£ףǱҪȻ׵㣬׺ǾҪش׵ĹأɷݴӷͬԣĸԺ󣬻Ҫ࿴һɷ
еȻһЦ
ĸҪЩС£һеĻϣǶǽʵ档ֻҪ㹻ǿ󣬾ĸͻ֤ҲҪΪʹǴʹʹ
ռݴƺӵе
ֻҪ֪ĸҵҪˣϴˢҵǾͿԺ޹˼ɵĽ֮ڣҲţڹĸǿѹƵסġ
ȻҪǻǾģ򲻸ҽܵġ
Щ𲻿ʲôٶӰͬԴԴϵɢ
Ȼ
ĸҲǺԥĴӦ
׵Ĳ˵֤ԵһķõĽȻѡ
ܺá
׵ͷһ֣ȻԿһ˸ŽɫâİѾƾճǰڰ棬ȻԴ׳õϵĳ뷷⣬д֣뷷ҵλڱ棬뷷oİ񵥣棬ٲȻܿѩŮֳ档뷷Ϊ׵۳ıѩŮ
ӹĸд󹦵أոԸףش뷷ΪӹĸλһƷְִΪװգӴ͸һƷ
ûгɣֱӷңӡҲţϷԣ뷷⣬ΰ
ӡڷʱһ𣬸ţһ˲佫ӹĸڡֻǹĸߵľһ𸲸ڡ
ӹĸȻֻǹĸҲڣʵǵԴȫͬģ˵һ壬ûڱҪʱǿֱΪһġ
˿̣ڴ׵۳ƳϿա
һɫĹƾճڹƺС
ɵһֻǣڹϣȻֳ׭֡
ɵͬ
뷷⣬ӹĸһȻȻķУΪһ֮Сǹĸģ߸žŴӻƣܴԸ
ǡ˼ҶصϵٶȾȻ֮졣˳Ȼ˳ܻȡĺôȷʵԶˣõԸǾǹ׻ʳкβɡ˿ϴˢҵӶصϵ򡣻УӵеְȻֱӴһϡϡ
ӹĸѾоһӴ˴˼صϣĸƿأۿɼٶȱһ¾һڡ
ּӳ֣ƽʱµʮ
ĳ̶ֳϣֱǿֲʿԴ֮͡
˳ĺôֻҪܹ뵽˳֮ڣҪҪɳԶԶҪ˲֪ҪɶٱЩӳ֣ͿԽʡʱ䣬׷ЩԼʮϰ꣬ǳǧĶǿߣܵƣƾ˳ˢǿдʵĽ
ЩǴǿߣţԶ˳׷Եɡ
ƺЩһ
ĸԺаһͷ
ܸоһ˼ӳϣԼУصļʧ˲٣ִϵ£ĵãĳС
ȻܸоƽʱĽȻͬ
ؼ谭ʿͻƽϰضļһ˿ͻƵļһڣЩƽʱ˵ģ˳ˣȴǿá
ԣ֪һ˳е˼ֻٶȵӣϴˢһҵӿͻٶȣܵؼΪ֮٣ƺû˵ǵ۳⣬Ǵ׵۳ԶԶǱ濴ô򵥡
ĸаһͷЩֻǳԺУû˵
ֻҪԼ֪ͺá
˵ȥֻҪɵӣ֪ô
ңְĴڣ͵ڣڶһϣϣʮģԼְܵĲ֣磬ĸ뷷УõӵְҲ˵Ϊ׷ô档ⷱͨͨ
ֻҪôװգ෱ã̺ķ֮ͻԴԴϵӣϷ֤ĵ·oĵ·ԸԿ
Ҳڹźеĸڡ
뷷⣬ĸҲȻȻĶԴвһָӦ֮ʼ׵۳ʱͿ׾ڣһҹʱ䣬дŮķУµᵮȴƫƫҲˣǷͨǿ֮뷷ĸ󣬴ӹĸϷһ
һϣеӤֻ²һڡ
Ƿǿĵط
һ壬һ˵޿Ҫá
Ҫǣĸ;ⷽΪȷʵ㹻
ǿ¡
һ¾Ÿӡ
˵ӵְĸ绢ǡôʮֵ
һƷôл۾뷷⡣
ĸҲ¶һĨЦ⣬ͷ˵
УҲжһ˿𾴡ϾǴ֮Ȼڴ֮ڣȻһЩĬϵĹ
ĸȻѾҴһԱǾԼˣͻҴ׾ǰأʱ򣬻Ҫĸı
׵ͷȻԼˡȻ˵Ҳ΢΢仯
صأԣһΣڤһȻҲԹۣһͨæҹаħΪսҲǹҫ
Ŀĸ֮Ľף΢΢üͬʱҲû뷴ԣܶණѾ𲻵ãοǹĸԸģֲСҲûа취ڸԽٶ
ȻѾеĳŵǲأҲܾʹʾϾ䡣
Թۡ
¹ϡ
ҪԺ󴫳ȥгҹͨȴ׵۳ֵɾͳ׶һɶˣӴԺ߳ȥҪʹһͷָоɲãԲȡġܽܵġ
ãڤ˾٣ȻǴơ
еȻһЦƽ˵
еأȻ֪ĺ
Ҳûֹ
ӵйôһפأѾ֮ϲȫҪ̫ࡣֲ̰棬ǲȡġ
ûãڤһͬ뿪ңڹŹص£ɵľʹɽصȪջ
һ֣ͱʼչעŵ֡
Уϸȴûпʱϱڴı˲һƬ԰ףҲҪʹȥûнӴ⼸ѾһֿµĽ
ء
ѯʵ
Уž
ģѾȻˡ
Ŀãæǰӵ뻳С


1791 ŵľʾ
¼䣬ֻ֮ǰͽеĺѾ³ǰ߸Ѫе׽ֲɷָϵеĵǣ˲һɨգһĸԵĹԣ˲ͽӱ뻳Сǵڡ⡣
ӣҵĺӡ
߽סһֻ̣ᶪʧһ
ˣû£ԺҲһƽƽ޽٣Уû˭еĺӣеĻ䣬紵ײСһΣһνѶѣԲһΣδҲҪѪ𡣡
л˵
ֻҪﵽһ䣬þԲ٣Ҳһĥ£ܳɲţĺӣܶڸĸ֮¡
ȡְɡ
ûзԡ
䲢̫ƽȻʵܹػӵΨһ̡ɽɽᵹˮˮؼ䣬޴ڣûʲôǾԵġ
壬ʼǿҲδĵ·ڣֻҪܽ£߳һԼĵһ·֤ȻˣǾͽΪѹһеС
кԥ˵
ȡû̫뷨ΪУЩʦΪȡʱ򣬶Ӧ֮˵֣ǿԸı˵
Դˣû̫뷨򵥣ͬҲ񡣺ֶΪ
ȻЩ̫ԣǺõľС
Ҳûпڷԣȡ֣Ϊ׵Ȩ
ãͽҲϣĿԳΪһĶ֮šЦ˵ǰ飬ûж˵ʲôֻҪ֪ԼĺƽǾȫ㹻ˡ
ġ
еȻһЦ
һ죬ʮ³ߡеӣȪջӵ壬ϡɳ£ȻΪ콾
Ҫ㡣
ͻȻ˵
棿
һĨɫ漴Ҳףϼҵ棬һ𶥼ͷš˭˲֪˲ֻǰΪһϴȥеļ䣬Ҳϴȥһк쳾֮ͬҲԻֻ֮꣬ܵʴ˳תͶ̥
ŵĹ£Ȼ޷ġ
漰ֻأֻ׵ġ޲ǹ¼ڤһһͷ֤Ķͨߡͨݵλһдڡ
Ҫ棬Ǿ;ԲС¡
ãȻλϼСȢ֣ȻܲȥЩͷֻԺп漴¶ЦݵϾӶˣôҪҳŶԣ٣Щǻ¡
߰һۺ˵ׯ㡣
ڻȪջͨׯĴҪѡԣҲֱ̤תۼ䣬Ѿһ޴ׯ԰С
һۿȥׯ԰Ȫʥӣںӱߡ
ܿĳׯ԰Եεݻֻͨһʵ޻ʵҲܿһ㣬磬ׯ԰ĽģͨľϣǻȪľһͼֵǧĽľ죬Ҫ˵ȥҲ޷զࡣ
һׯ԰Ȼ
׵ͷЦ˵
ϼأϼ˶ңĺŮӣһ㲢ޣҪʣºȡĸӺˮһưºȻԻáԣ˾ٲףһɶңϼҵֻҪ꣬ҪǰأȪջһȫϢ֮ءԣ⴦ׯ԰Уһ㶼ûжء
߿ڽܵׯ԰Уֻ̺ڣµ̸ȥ̡档Ȼ֮ǰѾõϢ
ţȥٴ䣬ص۹ѼǼһ棬ʶһ£ԺԼҽáЩ죬īѩҲСȥ󣬿ԴһЩ顣
ǰΪҪǰħս飬ŮҪǰԣûŮУϾһУͲٷսħսսҲ׽ʱ䣬ǶȺУڴУûʲôӵһӸõ۹Ů˸Ӱĵġ
һļС
οߣһĸоοŮҲϲӣĿɻħսϳɫı֣ȻʮֵĽ
λص׺󣬾ͷ׷飬ҪһӡԴˣҲûۼҵûЩ̫ӦǶƲŶԡڹѾвٵĵȱŮˣȵģҪΪۼѪµӵŮǺҪ顣
ڰȺе顣
ϲּǾǰػò˵Ϊۺһ֮ĸЩϣʮ⣬ҪΪ󹬵Щ¶ģһˮƽĸµЩǺ¡
ܽڣƣ磬𽣬īѩŮС
Ҫ˶ãԤ۹֮нµ
ȻЩǺ󻰡
ߵָһСԺ䣬ȻԿԺУһڴڴ棬һѹǲĹͷңЩͷǺɫġڹ±ȼһźɫĻȼաԹΪ񡣿ȼ
Уܿһڴвϵİ󡣹ڲðݡ
ԱߣȻܿһ鲼վڴǰһףڹвϵĽվţϸĻᱻֱӺӣңòƺһ˸ʡ
֤ǿֱ߲ӣ׺׿̽ݡ
ԺȻȻֳһͷ
ؼ֤δܵһĴܣӳյĴڣֻҪܱԷӦȻȻĽĿͶע
Ȼǰľŵ
У档п󣬿˵
κ֤ǿߣҪӦеء
ǿߣԼ
׵̫ˣСߵķϼҲˣοԵ۾ݣѷɫֱӳƺżɡ
ЦǺǵ˵һ䡣нĶȴ˿ûͣ١һֶصڽš
۾һҪ㣬Ҫһ¡ξ񣬾ͿԼ뷨ƽ˵
֪Ǻ¡
Ҳɵһ棬ѯʵ
ܵŹעģȻԲѰ֮¡
佫Ҫ䣬ײΨһĵ۳˯˳ѡǼع飬ǿ彫ʽۣ֮׾ǿߡпܣʥͥӦԽı֡
Ż˵Уκ
·ֻĵ˵ġ


1792 
⻰жУȴͬһ㣬˼
Ȼ⻰Բ޵ķʧǾһһգǼֵδϾĴͨߣӵеǷ˼ģԿ̽ת˵ĳ
Ҫг˯˳ʼѳײΨһĶ˳ӲΨһĵ۳ǿ弴׳Щģ磬ֽ뵽һȫµĶңҲһȫµʱǸҪʼϴƣ峷磬ЩȱλãҪʼб䶯ˡ
Ժпһͷ
ͬаԲ²⣬Щ˯˳ָĵЩ˳ŵۣȻô򵥣пܣʷĶʳѹһʱĴڡ
Щǿ壬ǿߵĳȻ´Ĳȷ⡣
ЩҪǴһ£վҪٴοʼϴơȷصĶ
ϹͥҪ˰ɡ
аૡ
ûǣ˵ûʧοµļԪѾУһ
ܷ˵
пѯʵ
й¶Ϊﵽ־磬Ӧúڲϱ任ģʱпܷı䣬޴ڣǱȻЩ飬֪Ҳ޷ıЩ飬۾ԺȻóʱȻ֡ʱȻҲðͷ
ŵȻһЦ
УûмΪпڽ˵˼
ԴˣҲֻҡҡͷûټ׷ʡ
״ŭڣŭΪѹ׽ơε۾ȥҪСĽֽԽʥͥԴԽкô
˵һ䡣
ȻЩﵽ֤εĶǿߣܶ飬ǿ۵׵ġ飬˽൱Բ޵ķʧȻӦӵģ;Բ˿и
ٵ֣Ǵ׵һ飬ֻҪĺãǾ;ԿһɨǬ˴⣬ʥ̤ͥ˵ĲС
Ҳû˵ģֻһҳ̣ļţ̸У˴Ҳ˱ø׽ķ·ͬһһ㣬ûãҲ̹һʶҲһٱ㷹
ţҲ߸ȥ
ͨţֱӷش׵۹
Ů棬Ȼһ֣Ҳ׼һٷʢļ磬ߣȻ֪ʶЯճĺӶõ۹кһ֣ɻǶԴˣʮֿģϲɫԱӽ쿪ʼڲСˡ
۹ֵôϲ֮£ͬܵӵĴ˼
ҲǸŶӣԼĺӳڴ

ʮʮ塣
ŵ۹г죬׳֮
ӵ۹ϴݣһʼ̤ݣǰܿĳһΣгϣһ˿أü䣬뵣ǣȻʱ䣬оǻͷ
Ҷ
ʱҲڵ֮ϡһۣͷƽڣһȻⴹ£ɨӵȺгһ˿Ȼ
μ۾۾ɸ޽
Ⱥֹݼ
ڰƽ
׵ͷ˵
̧
б࣬ޱ˳һֳַһԣں࣬ڴ쳣д͸Ŀдһ˿
һλǲЩ꣬ӱһλɲ̣ͨ˵̫࣬ڹǱʮ꣬һΪʺĹΪ䡷ңںϺŹõط޸ģݱĸ£޾ء
磬ѾɱɡɾɾУһͼͼжͼͼһۣǿɻ룬۳һö̫£ǿԻڣء
Ź֪˻
ò˵ܴһŹʣģǿǰΪ棬ں£ûѡֱѡתͶ̥һֻǣεǣٴתȴ֣ԼȻһλˡ
תûиıˡ
ֻѡɾʱһ֮Կ۹̣ЩԭȾ̫̣룬ջѡ׵۳۹Ϊ۹һ̡ݣȻʱڣӱõȷ󣬺ܿͱ뵽ߣΪ̡
У˽󣬿νǾηмӣӵĳݣȻѡ׷棬Ĺܷһλʣÿһ̫飬ǧš
ңһΪʵֱǴﵽ˾̾ĵز
Ͼɾ͵Ӧ֣°빦۹󣬻Դص£д׵ıܽطѾΪﵽ񾳵ǿߣң龳ֻһ֮ңʱпͻơһͻƣǾһ𶥼ǿߡ۹Ǿ˵جΡ
˿̣ڷһ֮˵һԣϸĻܽȫӡУμ
۾
Բǰһ˵΢֪Ҵ׾ڣƵƵ뿪ɳǣҰͻ׻з꽻ӡʹذգܵӰ죬Ǹأ۷׷ףķڡϣԾЩ쳣󡣻ָվ󡣡
Щ죬׾ڣѾķڣ۲ϣڣӰȻУɶڴ׵ȴû˿ҡһδɱšѺġ
۾⼸죬ÿ̫ۣ̫ѹ󣬴׾ڣƽǷ꣬ҲֻǾֲڿɿƷΧ֮ڡֻûȷеķнơ
࿪˵
֮ǰ̫̫ۣѾȡһЧеãֻǣȫ׵ĽѹƣУɶԱ֮ǰѾ̫࣬ƽ쫷硣߰ա
λ䣬֪쳣кκõĽ飬֣ܽ۲ʹ͡
׵ͷ˵
Щ飬֮ǰѾ֪ڴ󳯻УҪ³̣׽εָ
۾칤һףɽ׻ֽ֮١
ʱͻȻǰ˵
ƺܸܵһǿҵš
˻һȺĿ˲伯ڹϣж¶ڴ֮ɫҪܽǶԴףд󹦡


1793  ϲ
Ŷ֪ǺαЧ˴칤󵱼һ󹦣ԱйѫȤ˵ǴиŶа취Ȼϲּġ
۾뿴
ֵóһʮּ򵥵Ʒ
ǺȻһ޳Ľ룬¶һԲεʮֹ⻬ԲУƺ̺ĵϢ忴Ǻۣǹģġ
롣
Ŀõͬʱһʱʲô
۾һͽ룬бٳ׻ĹЧ׵ܼҲֱǣȥðղܵ׻
ֿڽܵõĲϺ⣬ҴƳһƫ׵ԵĲϣ֣׵мǿĴԡ׵磬ᱻı룬ܹõ׵硣ԲǱҪɲ֡칤󣬳֮Ϊ׳ءɱ۶׵磬ᵼУңھ׳еķת£Ϊ档븲ǵķΧԴﵽԲǧ
ŽܣҲǰԵͷ
ǰı룬Ÿ̵˽⡣Աִı뻹Ҫǿ󣬲ִе㣬ֵķӳǴ׵ķļ
񣬴׵ķļѾչΪĹģַĴӷнȻרŵĽоÿһĵĹЧһһо¼ڲᣬؾнб档ַĵϣγ󷨵ȵȡоصڡ칤оѧͬҲо
ѧӶڷļǰ̵Ĳȥҹ׳Լ˼롣ÿ춼µķ󷨵µķϳ֣Ƿȫµķġ
磬ӥ۷ģ˾ӥľ߷Χȵȡ
ڣļգѾ뵽׸֮УУ޴ڣľͣ뵽ͳļУЩջȻͬ𻨡
У̺ž׷󷨡
ñǺñ
̫ˣ룬Ҵ֮УҲþ»ܵ׻
ûѶȣܷģ
ȺһϲͬʱҲڵһʱַ׷ʡҪ֪ϸݡһ׻ʣε֣Ѿ롣һЩҲ˴ŵġ
ƹ̲ӣοܴӡڣҪģƣʱԡʮŵ˵
ȻóȻڡ
Ͼ룬Ҫʵӡ
ֻȷʵԽڵ⣬ǷڵĻϣ磬ܷڱӷз󷨣ʹƯڸ߿գǣ׵硣У룬Աףܷת󷨣ñ룬ͷżȡ׵֮ܡ䲻գܹЩͽΪ׸ɳһ
л˵
˲ΪĬسɹ̲ǰҪ˼άϷɢչֳһǻۻ𻨣Уϳɳɱġ
˷ĿƼȻҪı䡣
Ҫзģһ㲢ѡҪл۵֮ͷųȥҪת󷨣Ҫоʵ飬Ӧò󡣿Դɡ
΢˵
ҲѧԲУ콫ɣܿƹ㣬׵İȫҲһ¥ñ룬Ϊɳеһߡ
Ҳ׵ͷ˵
ܺã˷УʱƣȻ󣬱ҪƳ㹻ı롣еͷ˵˷ֻα꣬αҴףԲֽܱٶΪݱ֪ӦoҴ׾ڣֽֽ٣ı仯֮ǰҲ̽⼸λoѾ׾գͬΣ߶仯һ㷽޷Ǵ֮бȳ
ѾԹҪǷ׵ҳֻҪҵа취ǿѹǣҲѾ뵽׵۳ÿһУ־ʹ仯ܽط򳹵ױ飬Ҫҳǣֱ졣
ҲὫҹ
ܹͬӦΪͼǳ뵽֮Уoݣط򣬵ȻⲻǺϵֻһֽͬ״̬
£ͬûа취
֪Ǿڴ֮УҲ޼ƿʩ
۾һԣ㡣
ٴǰ˵
Բ飬ְǽĸַ󣬴ȥලٹٵȵһ
Ŷ˵˵
ƽ˵
дԣ֣Ǵʲô飬죬ԣŻֱ仯Ҫֵõ⣬ҪϲϴˢϿյ˵֡
˵
ϲ
ë쵱ǰ˵²ףϲϰףã޷Ƕ֮һöѣϲȻܡϰסش£̫ڶϷ
ȻǲƵġ
Щǽ۳£Ϸһ㡣Ǻ޵ԡ
ȥ׳еڳ׻ҪҪԵ̫ˡ
⴫Դʲôʱʼ￪ʼǷеţֵв
һԣɲƽ׳ֵĴԣУͻȻֵĴԣǾͿ϶ͳֵġضԭڡ
۾ԳֵʮͻȻôֵģȫûףֻһЩʱ˵ġǲڱʹҪϸ̽顣
΢΢ü˵
֮ǰûж̫ӡ
Ͼֻ˴ŵһЩԶѣ̫񣬴֮УɣЩͨ۶ġ
ԳֵĺȻû۾Ϊ⡣
ͯҲ˵
ԳʱʵֵѾйһε飬ֻ֣ѣ˴šȻԳϲķʽɢһ㣬ǲŵģֻǵһЦ̸ʶѣ˵һ˵һҲˡ
Ǻǣڰйı۵ĺ󹬰
ζЦЦ
Գֵ̫ɺϣɺϣǾġ
ԵĿʲô
Ҫϲ
ϲҪʲôǺʣҪѡγڵŮ빬Ƕ˽ҲҪˡ
ԴӺζǷĻڰĿģ޷ǾһǾҪõ۾ΪѡȻˣ۾ƾͼƣѸ£ѡŮ빬һɳʵ󹬣˳̽еĿΪΡ
ҡҡȣЦ˵
۾۾嫺°㣬۹еȷʵ̫٣֮꣬۾ѡŮϲ̬֮˵ġҲΪۼѪ
ڼҲЦ˵


1794 ɵ֧
ڴȺУке̫ˡ̫٣ǰʱУһʵۣôҲҪĶġ㣬Ҳʮʵ̫ˡռݵĽͬҲҪڶĵӵŮΪģһ࣬Ȼȶ
ο׼ҵѪʮǿУռˣŨ񣬵ã޲ʾбǶѪ壬Ѫȵͻƣȫɱ֮󣬾ͿŴѪáҪǳɳǴ׵۳ǿ̡
С
˭пܱѣǲܱѵġ
ֻҪʹͳδĶǿߣȺȫһٶá
׼ҵЩӵŮǿǿ۵׵ģûһӹţսҲǺη塣ڲɱƴû˭ث֣׳£˭ǿ۵ףʮϲ
ڸո֮ǰҲ˵ˣ۹һλӣңͬӵ壬һɳδһ𶥼ǿߣ׳׵ĵ̡
׼ѪǿȺһȡͲжѡһЩãΪ׵ǿߡһٶá
ο⴫ôĲҪҪҳĻ֣ǶϤǵĿģЩֻڱ̽ûʲôõģֻнƾͼƣڰеֶΣ¶ߡҪȻʼնǺ֣¶
οô꣬׻ûѡŮ
۾䣬Ůڵ۾޲Ľһѡ㣬δǻ£Ҳþ֮䣬룬ø׽ӵʱҲһĵ顣ԽתһֵעҲɽ˿Ļ󵽵ʲôֶΡ
Ц˵
Ȼ£Ҳ൱ͬġ
ȻˣǾѡɣѡ֮£ۺȫȨ𡣾Σʱ˵ֵŴϡ΢ҲʹӦˡ
Щ飬˵ʲô̫Ĵ¡
֣ҴףҪα꣬Ҫα֪λǷʲôð취С漴ٴ˵´֮ϡ
֮ǰЩٴ룬ȫӦֶΣα겻αվǳԶ֮ơҪ취ֵԴͷġ
۾ʱ䣬΢Ҳһϸֹ̽йֵ飬ֻ֣ҪԷ׵磬ƶ仯֮СŴɲɽƵĺ޷ļʱݱ䣬ܴ֣Ӧа취طĽơ
ҡҡȣ˵
ʱ䣬ǲûгɹ
΢ֲݺһӣھͲ֪ܷЧҲ˵׵磬仯Ӧڶı䣬ǾǽʮĽɵ֧ԣЩǿӰ쵽仯Ǵ֣ȻԴڵĹ򣬽Ƿ׵񣬴ҳ
ɵ֧ʮĽƿĽơܲУҲһ⣬ʣҲǽ취һֻҪܽĴoҳ״̬лһУ൱˵ġ
֪۾Ƿ񻹼ǵõʮ鱦սס
˵
ʮФսס
׵ͷʾ֪Ц˵ǴʮФսΪƾ֡
۾ʥʮФս鱦սף̺ʮФ֮ÿһǿʮФͬǵ֧Ĵһ۳Σɳƿķơ
Ҳ˵
ʮɣףң죬ѣɣ
ʮ֧ӣîȣ磬δ꣬ϣ磬
ʮ֧ӦʮФţáߡ򡢺
ԣʮ֧ʮФ
һФۣԵ֧֮ǣɣɵ֧֮˶ط
˷뱾ȷʵԼͬλ䲻ĻҲּԴ֮УѡʮФػ񡣴ʮФսסһΪҴٴʮλǿߣƽٵΣ£ѾԿʼС
׵ͷ漴
ѡʮФػļƻ׼УǰнУһܹɹ̳ս׵ģǿǴеһơҪŪǷ꣬Ļʧȥ䲻Ч
ֻϧѾǼϣòľء
ΣǶ뽫ƻǰӰУתϡ
ܲѡʵѡһ㣬во˿ĵǡ׾ڣǿʮ׵Ӵ˿ڣУ֪Ŷٵ£Уܵʺϼ̳ʮФս׵ģȻһҵ룬Ψһǣʲô˲ŻõФս׵Ͽɡ
ϾһϣФսױ̺ԣѡӦ
۾ʥ
ڣȺͬʱ
ʮФս׵󣬺ʣǾǴĹ屦Գ֮Ϊ̵ĴڣսףһҪóʮȫֱʣǣҲֻдײĳ˽һ㣬ȫѡ׼ҵѡӵŮ̳С
Ҳû˿˵
ϾФսףС
óǣԶ˵ģȺʣԼֻºľȲѡ
ѡФػҲҴ׵ʵοФսʼնҴ׵ģǹκһλФػ˽УһĴȥΪҴ̡
еȻһЦƽ˵
ױǿǿһ㣬֪û˿
ʵ۾ѡʮФػ񣬸νУǷѾоļƻ
Ƴ忪ѯʵ
¹ʮս׹۱ֵôضΪҪӡ
һΣʮФսױѡˣһҵϵȻԳΪФػѡûбҪŪ̫ӡȴ󳯻󣬱ۻὫʮФսգФս׵飬֮УӴУѡԵˡʲôı׼һ㣬۲ѡߣͬҲֻ֪ܿԵһͨգҲܱФսأճΪФػ񡣴֮У˶ᡣУƽգһͬʡ𡣡
ƽ˵
һ㣬Фսѡ֮ǰҲǲġⲢƭˡ
ʲô׼δ֪
۾ʥ飬˷ƽѡФػ񣬱Ȼѡһ˿˵ɡ
Ⱥ׷ױʾͬ
κķڷ˭ɡ
ܺãȻûʹ˾£ʹ˳
׵ͷ˵
ûãȺ׷߳


1795 Ф ѡ
Ƴǡ
۹ǰ
ֳʥּչ
˲䣬ʥּɢһεĲ׵۳¡ֻҪڣֱܹӷȥû˿ӳ٣ԣֻҪ´ʥּ״ݵаնСκ£ּ鷢
ˣ۾Ի֮УӵʮФսףΪ鱦ܵսϿߣɻȡФսףΪФػΪսķػ񣬴˴ѡΣӴ׾ڣанѡѡûκ̣һнʮФսѡѡΪɳΪһФػ񡣿ɽФսףȡϹФս䡷һ·ֱ֤װգ
ʥּȻȻÿһյԺС
ʥּб¶Ķȴ˶Ϊ֮𾪣ܶˣǰζûдӾת޷ţͬʱҲڻ¶ϲ֮ɫգΪ֮ڡ
ǴҪʼѡФػˡңǴӴ׸߲нѡֱ׵۳յġ˶лᣬ˶ԳΪФػ񡣡
۾ʥֻе۾˴ǣľʮ鱦սףݴ˵սףֻҪܵõһһͨˣܾޱǿսβܴﵽ龳εսǸǿ󡣴ﵽ̨֤δزС
лᣬҶлᣬֻǣʮФսѡ׼ʲôôѡΣȫûͷѵҪרŵ׼ѡġȫĥ
һɳУշ׷׻Ȼ׷
Уʿֲڳ֮УҲ䣬ͽУǿߣȻɽˮģɶʮФս״ǿջĶȫ޷Ƶġ
սװǲӵУֻΪһУȫӵвû𣬻ܵõФս䡷лһ·ɳ֤û˿Ծܾջ
ջ̫ǿˡ
ֻǣФѡΣһ߶κνѡʲôΪѡεı׼ЩȫûͷҲѶϢĶҲ޷롣ֻѡ񾲹ˡ
ڴ˻ήٵԼϡ
ܶߵˣԶԼԼʵӦпܳΪФػ
ûе°մФػѡлתʱһּ⴫ǵۺ´ּ⣬ֻּһ˼׵۳´ѡŮּ⡣
ʮϣԪΪʧֹߣԿɲμӣߣԽ۹õ뷷⡣ΪۼҷãѪ
һּ⴫ݳȥ
һƬȻ
лŮ˼ңдϲڼ۹Ϊ۾Ǵ׵۳УŮΪ飬ŮУоǸ߲ʵĴӢۣɷ󣬴׵ĵ۹֮Уû˿Ĺţ׽һ㡣һɹѡǸݵλϵһηԾΪһС
֣ŮһʱΪ֮ȸԾһƬȡ޲ܹǰ
ŮνӦƼ
£ñעФػѡΣһӳɢ˲ȶȡ
º
һɳϿգͻȻһι״ı롣գպ˲Ϳһ磬ͻȻ֣ҪĿ귢𹥻ģڳ֣ʱƾռ䳯ű۹ȥŤת˷򣬺ڱϣȴЩ׵磬ûдݻٱ룬ǱѸǣ׳УתϽ񱩵֮ǿΪһε˸ŵ׵֮ˮױҺá
κһΣ棬ܱʿƴ׷֮͡
ϴǣа׳ꡣô
ңױҺһ۵㹻ĻͻױױҺҪ󣬼ֵӲɹԿۡ
꣡
űһɳϿո֣ʱͿɳΪģԲǧ֮ڵ׵磬ֻҪһ֣ͻᱻǣȥͬɰٴһ㡣ǿ˹˵Ǳ룬ȫԳ֮Ϊ롣
ڼ칤󣬲ѧǻ£ȫµıѾɣңڵһʱܴӡɴӡѸٲÿһɳǡκһû¡
̫ˣ͢Ѿ´ͨ棬ɳϷб룬ֻҪ벻ݻ٣ǧ֮ڵһ׵磬ᱻȥҲþڻҰУͻȻ׻Ӵ֮󣬳װȫˡ
ȻǴ׵۳ǰٶѣᱻһһҲ⣬Ȼûнܹǰһԡ
ɳڵգͽˣ׷¶Цݡ
ãʹ֪ˣĿã벻ǣ׵ľȻʮְٴλָѽǰ򡣴ˣ׷ǰҰǰС

˿̣ѩݣѩڡ
ѩŮȻĵԵӰվһ𡣲ǱˣǷ׵Ĵo
ȻĲǱ壬һѣˣҲ˴ţҪˣһ⣬ɵĺġ޷ܵĴۡ
ѩ㣬û뵽㡣شֱ䣬ҵoòֽ٣ֽٹҲܵӣɳȴûҵټû뵽Ȼ˴׵۳˴׵뷷⡣ѩŮһ˿ɫ
ܴ뷷⣬ѩŮϢ͹Ĵؼʧ˵ˡΪѩŮǴֱз⣬Ѿˣȴû뵽
š
ӦǹͬͼҲͼͼû£ҲǷˡ
׵ͷеĸˣ١
Ľ飬ҲǼٵġ
ףǴģĪǽӵҪ׽֡ѩŮһ䣬˵飬и֪
Ҫͼ۷׵󣬸ı׾仯ݱ֣ѹˣ飬ȻǲҪȴûа취Υ־
ĸ˵
ȻЩ鱨ûбܵĴ㡣ܹ뵽ƽ֮Ҳ˳Ƴ룬һͺñڵı룬ǣ磬ĸ־ע磬Աδܹǣȥܻ׵磬ҲΪǱûгȫ
ͬҲ׵۳׽
۾λѴһ仰
ѩŮ׵ͷ˵
ʲô
ѯʵ
׿󣬽ǴطǿбȳǳѹѩŮ˵


1796 Լ
ܡ
ԥ˵ͼѩӦúⲻͼͼͼ֮һͼֻ֮ɿƿش׾ڣһ仯Уͼ£׾ڣûԴơ
ڴУУǾʣֻ־ĴڣɢΣǼĴڡ£ΪǸߣҲκεǡ
һ㣬žԵš
ǷˮҪȻҪǵ󷨣ס
۾ԣ֮ڣǷ
ѩŮƽ˵
ⲻܡ
ƽ˵
֮䣬Ѿйͼ׵۳ʮ꣬ʮҲʹȻԳ֣ʱ򣬾֮ЩҲ޷⡣ǽֵĻϣһ£ƿţġ
ûԽ⿪û˭ܹƽ⣬꣬ǲЦа취֮ǰӦѾóˡǵȵڡȻһЦ
۾Ԥϵǲţԣ¶ԼڣƽǵķǾһףܴ뷷⣬Ӵڴס
ѩŮ˵
ǲء
ĸһ֮ѯʵ
ǲܣǷףı󣬽ֵ飬һʹҲپ´׻ˣǾΡ
ѩŮнĻ˵˳
ѡ񣬺ʣ˵Ǽõĳ·ܲ٣ǿԱϵġ׵۳oҲо޴ĺô˳ֱ绢ٽһҲǲܣһ۳ﵽʥͥڵĳo˵õ޴ô֮ǰһΡǱһ컯Ҫ档
ף
ͺñڣѩŮʵɲҪѷɫoǿõ֤
׵۹˵
ĸһѯʵ

ѩŮ׵ͷٴȷϵ
ãȻ׵ţܲ㣬ƿ󣬴ǾǼף׵뷷кβɡ
ҲϵĴӦ
ؼǣܽ˽Ҫġʱ䣬Ŀù׾ڵϢֽΪֹΪ̾ΪֹġƷǰδġгȵȣ޲ԳʢϢ
˳ֻҪлᣬǾ;Իһɳ죬ѹƣѹƲסġĳֲɿء˭˵һܽ׸״Ϊо޷ѹƣŲԸȫǱ׽ԻĻᣬȻܴ
ãȻˣԼˡʱ໥ؾͺá
ѩŮ˵
ȻֻǿͷϵԼû˭ѡԼǺɲһءʧȥؼ䣬ߵУκζҪĸҪ
û˭װܻ
໥̸һ󣬸Ҳʧ
ʮФػѡΣʽʼФսףھ죬ǳҫףעдװգѡʵ̳Фػ֮
һ
žͿƳУʮУȻܿʮս׸֣ÿһ֮ܿУʮڵλãȻǳʮФڡʮ״Фи֡
ĿսϣչУ·ܿս⣬йתεϯأսУһüѽɱ֮ϯ˷
ФսϣͬԿһս鸡֣ãս⼦ٵؽţ߲ѵص󣬲а򣬰ҹȮ
սף
鱦սףңܸоһƸ֣ȫﵽƷ鱦ңʱƣϳɳɱ䡣ΣѡͬɳҲФս׸ųɳɱ䣬˵ֻҪлԵƷǼƷ鱦δزܴﵽҲȫȻûлᡣ
໥棬໥ɳĵ
ˢˢˢ
ʮշ˲УңһɲǼ䣬ա·ʮöǳ㣬ڴ׵۳ڣĴáƶУκιɣ·ĬĬעףʮФսףѾգڼķһӦϵͻֱ֮ںϡФػ
һĻͬ׵۳С
ĿУһȡ
ֱǰǰĴԵֿɼǣʲôѡα׼δ֪
ףǡ
ڳڵ˵Сֻһװݴһվſڡһ˫۾˿Ҳ᱾ܵһ˿ηһ˫ƣܿнıתһǷǷ
ͷФػʼѡΣС룬лʵˡǲ֪ѡεı׼ʲôҪб׼Ļͷʵ϶лսסΪФػ񡣡
ߣȻܿһһ֪ǾͽˡУܿһַĵ𾴡
ӽַ壬Ըֺ󷽣һֺ֮һֱͬΪͽ˵ĸĸڻҰΪ̫ҲףΪת󹦡ÿɹһ㣬ܾһ̫൱׺ҲǼΪǿ
ȻҲУֻΪѣ̫۵Ĵ£չʮѸ٣ң;ǿ츳һǧ񣬸ǲԹѫȨޣȡߵ̫壬ǿʹ࣬һһܡ
ʮڣѾһתǿߡѾ൱Ԫ񾳵ǿߡ
ͽУǼΪǿߡ
˵У൱һ֡ʮơνǳ뻯ͬͨǿޱȣսУԽսԽǿ
츳Ȼ
ĸĸ˵ַӦ޻ۣǽʮƣǸ䵮ʱһֵġǰ͵ĶսʵҲȷʵˣһ󣬲СӵĴϻ۶£ͬҲչֳ˵츳šʮơ°빦׾ţҿо衣
ַЦ˵ǰֻǰǽΣǾԼĸĸһ㣬ı䡣
ЩַƾʵǺˬԸ񣬻һͶˣһԼţȡΪսšųߵľԱʮŷ


1797 
ֻԸ񣬶ңΪˣԹƽƣܶ飬ֻҪַ棬ǶûвŷģôһδζѻģУνǼһλˡв֪ġ
Фػѡ˭֪ҪʲôУҪҲ޴֪￪ʼݳдĻ˵ǾǰʲôڣԺҲȥǣܱܲѡϣǾͿΣܲЩϿɡ
ַЦ˵
飬ѾɲԼֻܿΡԼȻ֮ϲҪǲԼҲֻ˵ԼФսûԵ֡
ֲñˡ
ˣǸոѾȡԿѪһ֧ʳʬɵĲ䡣֧䣬Ǵ׿ɲѺãݵ飬ٽҰѪֵȻʧ٣Ҳûгֹ鱨ǾѪУȺʳʬѪʳˡ˵ѾҪѪ䡣֮ǰҪ֧鱨ǽˣǾҪɵƯƯչֳսŵķɡֵ·
ַ˵
һε˵ʮֵĹؼڰϵͽ빦ѫǷأֻҪɣÿһ˶ֵܷٵԴǲݴ
ģҲִһˣзִġ
˷׷Ц˵
ִڻҰеĸ岿䣬СЩȻ׹ϵõģɴڵж״̬һ棬ٲ˺ɱģĲ䣬û̫ҪδЩɱţһ㶼ǽͽ˵񣬽ͣͳһţһΧˡĲ䳹׽
ڻҰбĵжԲ䣬
ԴˣѾʮַḻľ顣

ַͷһ֣ͷ߳˵׼ǰȥִ

ڴϿգУĵ־ȻĻһ𣬲ǱģǷ׵ǵĿ⣬Ȼעʮսסе羪κһ㷭
ʮսףƷ鱦׵۳Ȼĵ̣ս׷ֱʮФʮ֧Ҫɵ֧֮˶ļʱ仯󣬽ҵȷƿƳһ׵ۡȻİ취ĸ˵
ѾЩУ׵Ŀʲô
Ҫ˶ҲҪǲʵ
Ȼ˵
ʮФսȷʵǿ󣬵ܷ񷢻ӳҲҪԼȻеѹȴûκֹķУһֳζţƣҲѹƴףҪܵ׵ķɡĺΪء
׻ͼǿ󣬾Բνɵ֧׺ġȫԵֵסһгһп顣
ĵ־ͬʱɢɢؼ䡣
׵۹
վһ԰У̧ۿա˸֪Щʲô
㻹ڵФػѡ֮ôĲҪô
֪ʱԣѯʵ
۾ҲһյʮöǳȻʲôڴ׵ҪҲһ
ãֻФսеԼѡǵģԷӳǿսܽñ˴˶õɳҲƽģ顣
еȻһЦסϸ̾
ֻƽ̫ãĳ룬ȻһĿհʱ䣬ڣóֵѾ֣ռݵҲѾռݣѷɫǿ壬ֻ£Щǿ壬ѾҪʼˡȺħ裬صʱ̣ҲҪ׵ҴףЩǿУֻҲǱȽϴһϡ
ŵһò˵ĵ׼𼫴ĲڿƽʵǱصİѾԽԽǿʱпܱ
õʱҲʱ
ʱŪˡԴûеֿܡ
껹ֻССկʱǶܶɹһߵڣǵʵѾ֪ٱǰ·ټѣţڷĴ£һնˣһ·ǰСһɽֱǴ׵Ƕߡ
ȻһЦ˵
Уżǿš
ţһδʤһδνġ
ţģû£ֻ룬ؼжǱȽϺóԵġ˵һֻɵ㣬壬Ͳ֪ЩϷɵˮε㣬ζ᲻һָڴ
еȻһЦһЦ˵

̲סһۣẦսڰײˡ
¡¡
˵䡣
ͻȻֻУһƾռ䣬Ȼֳһ嫵Ļ棬ؼǰ
ȳǰģһޱߵĸɽɽͷ·һֱļһ㣬ءεѹ糱ˮϯǽֻһ棬һͶӰݳѹȴܵ飬̲סݵͷܶ˶ôġе𺳡
ȫ޿ɿܡ
ܣܣ
ƺһлص
ǲɽ
һͬܵѹѹεǿ˵ѾûôӰ졣ֱӵͬʱܹĸܵԲɽΰ嫣Уһɽأ֧ءΰ޷ݡ
䷶Χ֮󣬸޷
˵ڲɽڣؾޱ޼ʵɽ߼ʡԶŵɽأΰͬġ
ֻܿͶӰ
еĻ棬Ǵ˿̲ɽʵͶӰؼľʵ顣
Ż棬ܿڲɽ£ͻȻ両ֳһ޴ĳ֣˭޷Ԥ⣬ܸоϢƺ벻ɽĳصϵ֮ǿκѷɫһ
ֵ֮ߣ޿ɹ
ϣٲȻֳܿ޴ġ̹
Ǽ֣ǲʶģеĺʲôͺһ
̹ѵǡ
ԺһͷѾ˲²⡣
Ҫ²⣬һ˲䣬ͿĴźȻ򿪡
һһħӰ̤
۽



ˡ
ؼ䣬Ŀǻƺһ
壬ʮףǾȻȫˣʱҪ׼ô˵ĴʱѾҪʼôôô졣
ͬӿֳһ󾪺
壬һǵ壬սսأսħǿ塣
ף
ʮ̤һĨȣͬʱ췢һ߿ź
ĳ


1798 ͥ
׵źض𶯡ƺӭĵ


۽
â
Ṳ
ףڣ
ڤ
ǿ
գ
⣡
ݱʬ
ȣ
ʮηԼԼ֡ʮףʼ档
գ̹ŵΪѹˣͥڲɽ̹ΪѪԿͥݸ񡣡۽췢һ
ͥ
ʮ׶һۣͬʱ췢һϺȡ
¡¡
Ż£ȻԿ̹ŵϿգһ糱ˮ˷۶ƣޱˣԴԴϻۣ̹ѹ£ȹɽɺ
գۼ䣬Ϳ̹Ͽջ۳ɫǣ֯أ𺳡ò˵ˣȷʵޱǿʢʵˣԾԵʵǿСǿ̡
ף
ף
ף
̹ŵУȻԿһǿԴԴϵ̤˳ЩڣݳǿϢƺܺأնƲ񷡣
УȻܿһ࣬ޱǿ׳ĸߴӣһսһͷڷ裬췢һϺȵ죬˳Ϊ첿ǰǣ˳ͥ
һ䣬Ÿͷǰ󣬺ȻһսʿЩսʿÿһǾܸܵڴݳıըɷ֮⣬ѪеϢ壬Ǽȡؼɷ֮塣һ·֤
жսأҵս
Ϊս塣һͬȥսʿǧ֮࣬ⲻǷһǿս˿̣ǽҪȥ˳˳Ϊˣսķ
죬ȻԿһƤսϱһս絶һӣͷϻܿһӡǡ
࣬˳Ϊಿǰǣ˳ͥ
칭췢һϺȡ
漴ͳűȥͬǧսʿԥĸǰ
һѡ뿪̹ͥǰ˳丸粮ӤŷʦȵȡÿһǴеٮٮߡÿһжսЯǧ徫ҪΪ忪ٳӹռ䡣
ؼĻ棬ȫܿǺϯķĻ档޲𺳡
ֻǣҲֻţ˭޷ֹ
˵ЩףЩ̹ŵǰʮף֪ĵ̵жôǿ
ȻǶ֮ѡʱǡôĴ׿ʼ˳ףԪУ˳еĴڣѾ֪ϵһܴܲȥĸڡһԪһ㡣
ĿãĿһƬ䡣
һֶΰԵܹģǾԲȥȰ˵ȭͷ֣塣һ㣬ǿν¡
ڵˣǾһ֣ս
һԪУԣ֮λʱ򣬴սԿ˵ذ޹⣬ɽڴսб䵱ǻ棬ֻһ룬ܸܵεĲҡ
ڽ¼Ԫ徹Ȼʼӣѡһ·Ҫת
һ㣬ò˵ȷʵǳеԤ֮⡣
Ҫ˳ֻ²ô׳ɹ˳Ǽ򵥵Ĳ䣬Ҫ㹻֧šֻҡĿãҲǿ˵
ǿȻǲö˵
ֻЩʵǿͿԳɹġһ˳ҪĶʵ̫࣬ؼľ˲ţӴ˲šֻ㹻˲ţ֧˳ת˳׳󣬳ɳ
һжȻҲҲ
Сӣ彨ͥʮͥζţ˿Ժʮףÿһ֤ĴͨǿߡһԪУǾ׼ʥ֮ڣ֤Щףÿһ൱ڵ̨ǿߡ޵壬սԶʿҪǿĶ࣬Խ׶սҲδزܡ
аȻЩȥ˳ģһǴ׼ǿߣǵ̨֣κ֮Ĵڣǿٵ˳һԿ϶Ǿǿǲȱٵġµսʿǿĸڡ
ϾһԪİǿ塣ӵԼģѾӵֻǣһֱսϣûн׷󡣴ȥڣֻҪ˳˵γɱ䡣ϴȥ
⻹Ϊĵģĳֻ£һЩǿ岻š
л˵
ֻһѶŶѣбʡ
ǰڻȡƣǲܹɳĻջᱻ׷ϣΪ̺ܣЩ˳ҪɳԶȴҪɼ򵥵Ķࡣ
ǿɽҪԡ
Ҵײˡ
漴оһĨš㹻κսֻҪ嫺򳹵ӵ㹻ʱ䣬ȫ˳ɱ䣬ﵽɽĲΡ
֪УеѾ䲻
ȻѾ磬ﵽ˲֪˲ĵزĺ䶯󣬼أ۷׷ף޲Ǹеǿҵѹ顣
Ķ֡
ЩƻҪӿˡ
Ժһͷ
Ѽȥ̽йҪ΢󣬶Բ˵
ҲûгɣЦЦתȥ֪ʱ̹ӦʲôҪҪûҪǿµ˼ЩñӻҪӣһ㣬Ǽзִ磬Խ
ʱһɫӰǰ
磬ɩ˵ҡ
̻ǰеֱۣѯʵ
ţ칬ʲô򡣡
ѯʵ
̫ΪᦣΪǿлһ齨ߵ֯칬칬̫ǵԹͨ磬ܴݸƷһؾۻᣬ涼ߣͨޣԿɳٶȻֹ
Ŀڣɲܷϣߴı
Щ飬һֱǽȥԼûǰȴ칬֮ڣһһҵǮׯ޶һҡռٵ챦رҲڡ
칬һжңʱΪλȻΨһĻңȴռݶ̿˵


1799 ¯
칬ƺ껵£жֻҴڣڽʱҵļֵɽʱĻңȴһң·ʳİ·ҡԼ̫ҡЩͨң껿֮£̫ҵıڲӣȻҪԼĻңҵĵλ
ؼǻ۳˲
ߣȡҷšѾŪ׻ҵİء
ʱҪԸһ죬û̺ʿãԸж٣𵽶ãԸó̶ȲͬתԸҲ᲻ͬ
ȻͬԸ飬ͬĲϣпܣĻһöʮö
Щǲϵ⣬ҷŵԭ
ʲôҷţǾ̺ڻеĽƣЩƣתںԸĹؼڣƲͬζţĻһиߵ֮֡
ȻؼĻСҪǣؼ䣬ĵһֻңռҵ֣ҡǮĸԲϻá޿ɱľơĻңˣʧˣˣȴǿԲӡ
еĲ࣬Եơ
ңûʲôңѭֻ
ȫǳġУ⣬û֪һ㡣ҵĹ̶֪ѾƿСžһз졣
·ʳİʦǣƴ£ķţӲ˰·ңﵽҵֻͬûҲԶѡ
Ϣһ´ʳʵ֮·ʳҪǿͬɰʦ䴴ǰ´һʵˣİУȪˮûҾãٽݾ£Ҳ൱
̫껵£Ҳĸ߶ȡ
ȻʱҪĴԸΪҽп⣬ǲϧ۵ɡ
ϧӰϣ
һɽ޵ĹӦңһ㡣ϾҪɱġʧġԣܶҲȴյĵλ
̣Ǵױϣǲ׵ǰ֣ҪѹҴˣͷҪˣǽֻһַ˳ûа취ǴûзҾһԴ˷Ͻ˻۵Ҵ׵۳ֻͨҪܼȡˣ׳Ҵ׵Ĺˡڴ⣬δЩ̫СҴˡ
еȻһЦ
ҪƽķԲֹһиַӿ롣
ʣͨңƽһ;
޷ġ
˼Ҫ칬ıݣңģ硣
գգ۾˵Щ꣬ɢȥľٶûֹֻͣһǴģţȻܵ껵ĴѹЩŪһ̫ңΪǲ֪˼ʲô
껵ľٶҲǿ۵סȻǲŴ׵Ӱš
Щʱ򣬲Ҫֹһֹ˵ģ֮ǰûҲͰˣһΣȻ¶ģǾɲ껲ӦҴ׵ĸز칬нףҪС
л˵
ֻ껲ǳ⡣
ҡҡͷ˵
ҴĺôӰ˲ͬΪߵ껲ܻ᲻Ȼţϲһоٶ
£Ҫóģǿҵ¯
еȻһЦƽ˵
ʲô¯ǿҵ¯ôΪǴ׵ĸҷȥǲЩ̫׵һæ׷ʵ
ͱĴ¡
һҵķſǴ׵ڡܴĻ˶ң׻ôлһſ̫ˡ
ģȥģֻң޷̽ڰء㿴¯ЦЦϹâһ£ȻԿһСɵ¯ǰ
¯൱أȻһööɫһһ۶ɡһ۶ɵ¯ӣ൱
һ¯ҪκҷţֻҪӦĲϷ¯Уٹעд߶ͿԺ׵һööҡ
һ˵һ߽ʾ
޺ǴĹǾԸ飬̺Ԫľʯֱ¯УٹעȻܿ¯Ͻ˸ֳһ֮

䣬һööӲӵҴ¯з˳
ҡ
һöϸ̽󣬷ָûκнƣ̺ųϣҲ
һֲҪҷҪκμգֻҪһ¯ͿԴԴңֱǼ򵥱ݣɵ㣬ܱ֤й¶ĸֻҪӵһ¯ң֪Ȼ֪ȻҲʿ׷
ҪǣЩңһʹú󣬾ͻʧٴγʱͻڴ׵۳ҡǮϡЯģһ˿˿ˡԴԴϣգңֻ״޾ĺôѭãԼûκ
ңֻǮѡĸǮԶڴС
磬Ҫ輦ΪǴ׻ˡҪٿɢңѸУռݵҵλá޿ɺ
¶˷֮ɫ
ξͺ򼦵һβǼǽµĸһȥϣͱýȻͬ
ţͨ칬ͨߣ¯ϵɢȥһͶΪʮÿļ۸ΪһǧöҡҪңֱȡȼ۵ĵرҩκζԣֻҪ۸ȣܽнסֻҪϣһʮԽռңǵĺôԽԤУһϿɣΪҵĻҽ־춯صı仯
һ˵
һֱܵĸӦҴԽԽʱԼ䣬һĪĸӦȻҪһ㣬ס
ڣ¯ĵҳ׸ĿԣӣӵɵĻ
֪ˣ磬һģ¯ĳ֣ߣһξ޴ջߣеҪĶ࣬ģֻһ֣ÿҶвٵҴߡЩ˷ɢУͬһˮ㹻ɲ֡
йâ˸һĸɾ


1800 
ߵǲֻħսЩûнսģͬЩ˷ֲУߵˣһĻ㲻칬غ󣬽һʱϵһߵġ١
¯ȻģһӵУԼ죬ԼڵУҵķһ㣬͵ж󣬾Իᳬ󣬵ߣܻܲ᲻Ķ
ֻҪĶǾͱȻҪѡ¯
Ǵı
Ǹ¯Ҳ˿¡Ϊģҡ
һ㣬޿ɵġ
е棬ɲЩΪ֮Ķ֪ɢٶԽԽ죬Ҳκԥһ㣬ҪѾ
ı
ǰĿĸ֪ˣҲҪ̤ȥ
ţʮ¯㾡칬ȥ
ЦŽһֻС
¯ʵûʲô̫İأȫǬ¯¯ҾۣΪģ۳һҽƣÿһҪһǧŰʮöҲ졣ȫΪһ֮䣬ȫټɲ
˿ûѶȣȴ޷з졣

칬
Ҳ鱦̫
ֱ̫ӳһУƺΪ̫ǡȻȻԡ̫ɢĹ֮УԴԴϵĴ̫мȡָӦʮ
ˢˢˢ
УʮһСǧǧĴСַָһСռ䡣
칬֯ڵҲֻ̫һСռѡ
ǰģһ޴Ĺ㳡
ڹ㳡ϣȻܿһ渡ֳͼĽɫᦸ߸ңâ˸䣬һͨȥ󣬵ȻÿһȥǶҪһĴ۵ģ磬Ǯơ
ǽȥҪһǧöһ̫ҡ
ȻǮƣ˵ȫ⣬ƽ̨һ磬ÿһ׬׬׬ȣȫֵһᡣ
Ƭռ䣬ͱ֮Ϊ칬
߽̣Ҳֱڵϰϵ̯
мΪĿġ
磬һ޴ĸ¥չֳǮׯֺšǮׯڣȻԿʱ䣬ǮׯֶһҵĹ
ϾǮׯ֮Уûˡ
Ǯׯ󣬵һʱ佫شһߣ¯򵥵˵һ顣
ֻһص۾ͳ
ǻۣȻףЩ¯칬УԻܵױȵ
۾׼磬׽֮С¯ڣҪõңѾ޸֮Ƽһ㣬ԻȡԳΪؼңž޴ô
Ϊִ߹أȻһҳΪңͨصĻĺôжô޴󣬸־ϵ޴Ӱ졣
ܹ뵽ִµУظ˷ޱȣѪҺ̲סڡ
뵽ִ£עҪڴʷ֮Уǧš֮Ǵ̡
ȥ棬Ҳ£粻˳١
˵
һʮ¯ţ칬һɾ޴ˡ
ת˳ȥͿǮׯſڣһơ
תȥ
ȴ׷׻۹ǮׯǹϵУƽܵڶߵĹעӲҪ˵
ȻҪһ
ʲô
ôܣ׵۾Ȼľ⡭⡭̫˼ˡ
һߵ¶𾪺Ȼ֮ɫȻϵϢ𺳵
¯׵۾Ȼҽóֱֱۣ̫̫ˡ
ֻҪһ¯֣ܽӦĲϣŽȥȡңֱҵԴͷԺҲõ뿪칬󣬾͹򲻵ҡ
ֱʣǰֻҪӵһԺĽУǿԻۺԴȡ㲻棬氡
һǧöҲܹһ𣬲ңֱøĵرҩ棬ֻҪܴһǧҾͿԡ
һǧҶ
ࡣ
˵ڿԽܵķΧ֮ڣϾһõ¯Ǿ͵ܹԴԴϵĴƸҶƳֲڵģټ򵥲һ
Ϳߺԥ̤ǮׯУԴԴϵóЯĸĵرΪ˻ȡһ¯תۼ䣬ͽɺüʽס
ͬʱ칬εߣҲ׷׵õϢ
껵һʱǮׯǰɫһ˿أתǮׯƬ̼˳Ѿһ¯
عڱϣϵأǰѾһ¯ңԭȵûκ𡣾ҡΪˣܵɽϯѹ
аУ㻹ǹݹȫ·Լ׬ȡе棬ҲҪñ޷ȡ棬ҪռݵߵλãսĻᶼҴ칬ȴõĺôˣ綼Ҫġ
Ѿףڻϣ̫ҺٶɸԵĳ
⽫¯ɢȥֶΣȫǸ׳нһ·žҪҳΪؼͳ
Щ⣬Ȼһ֣ռ֣µĽѾ׼ˣҵʱ
Цſաкܶʱǰ棬һߵյ㡣ڲŸոտʼӻšһʱ
¯ĳۣûҪǾ׳ˣǮƣɱ˸ĸиˣϣһ㣬û˭

̶ʮʱ䡣
칬Уʮ¯Ѿһգߴ칬СңҵĹɣҲȻĴݳȥ޹ĹǾʯԸЩļ۸һӶøҪ
У֣ܶԼΧڵңȻϢѾʼˡͬʱϢ¯ļ۸ȫǧöΪʼ۸ġһۡ
ֱӵ֣Ǵ׵۳Ͽյˣۿɼٶӣÿʱÿ̶ĸо۾ȫ
һ졣
ʮʮ塣
ϵִԲɢɫ»
¸ʱһɫջ
Ͽʼꡣ


1801  
꣡
ɫꡣ
ң꿪ʼͬʱɫУһƽɫ˿ߣ˸Ѥޱߡε״󡣽ɫؼڡ
һ䣬ֱӸ硣н򣬶ڡ
ڻľϡ
ȻԿбʮ곤ңԼߵĹ˲䵮ǣϸֳһɹŨϣǸֳһֲڲԾףһ˿塣
ڿӣȡϡ
ܵĲľڵһʱ䣬ʼݻƣ·ĳǿгȡһ̼䣬ͳ׸ɿݣΪľʧȥһǰԵޱȡ֦ҡҶڲ趯ö
Ѿһ
ܿгеĹ٣ԡˮ£ۿɼٶȾֳ֦ͣܳ׸ǣޱȡ
ʢɻոأɻϣһ⣬ԴǴ󿪣ԾУѾø죬У·ܿо
ҰУо޴ҰˮϺ󣬹ȫû뵽ڣţУʼֳһ˿ȫܿǻ۵ĹâϵϢʼתȻ䣬һ˻䣬һţںУΪһͷ֡ʮ
Щ磬޷׷׵ǣľǻۡ
׷缢ƿʵļȡŴĸء
һ̣ҰУʼѣ½أ󣬶ˡ
ûǻ۵޷ɱ䣬Ӻ֪Ĳľн
ֱ仯һɲǼ䣬ҰУգΣճ̶ȣ֮֮ǰ֪Ҫǿٱʮǰٱûܹ׼ȷֻ֪ǣڻҰУԸоһµиӿµĹڡ
һĻС
׾ͬ⡣
һʱ䣬гڵ۹Ͽգ̤ڲʺϣǵش׹Ľأ¶֮ɫ󣬲ߣµһɴس׷׳ڲʺϣ಻ĸأ϶һƬء
󣬵۹еŮҲԱߡ
ǵ
ƿ˵¶һ˿֮ɫ
˼ò˵¼ҩ¡ʯҩšʯʰߣҩйڵļء
Ҳгҹ»е魣˿۹ᴮ˼䣬ľ侫ܳ
ڡӲдÿʮһȵʮ¹кСһҹ൱ȡ¾ǧꡣľ»˼ľ侫ܳʳ֮ͨԲľԣԲȱʳ֮Ҳ
һ˵
Щ伮еļأ޲ǶԵֱӵ
ؼ¾һγɵľһ֣һ컯ǶʿԣĺôֻӾ޴
ʿԽӵзľ飬ؼޣڵпǣѪǵߵǻۡ
ҪγɣףҪ̫̫Դ֮¾ۣ̫̫컯̫̫ҹ棬ģһͬԣɵӰǳġҪҪ̫̫Դǳκεһ޷
˴ģĵȻżȻǿΪܲ˾˵Ч
̫ǣ̫ǣǳ϶ȡϵڴöǳϵĵʲôˣֻ£ĿģͬСɡ⣬磬ٴη䡣
ڼǸп˵
Ҫ˶ãؼ䣬ħ嵮ģӴ˷ָҪ峹׸գԡڵУ׾ܿԽǧСɱһħȻ˴ֱʵģֻ£еĴܼǿΪ
̧ۿգ̫ڵλãһ˿سС
׳ˣͲţеλ᲻֣ںϣе磬λۣǿǧţܸҲһԣ־ٶģǣбˡֻǣһĶ̫ˣ˿֮ǰҪѷɫֺ
Χӹ
۵ۿʶ̫һ
л³һеأܵۼֵܣȴܹʮ׿⣬֪ǵʵǺεȵĿֲ
֣ؼľƣøӻҡڶԣѾСһͳħ֣ǲ壬ɱΪϣѾԵɱ䡣
εҴ׵۳ڣҰУͬᵮ壬ֻ£ҰеջᱩʮֹҰڵᷢϴá
Ƴɫص˵
ʣĲǺôиָ鷳˭֪ڵУᵮʲôĹħԵ߸ԭȵ֪׽ضİ
⻹ǸտʼһɳȻؼ䣬Ķǿ塣
ɣõĶɱʱ̡
ֻǣȻʵȫ巢𹥻пܳѹȥᲢڱĺ֣š
һ㣬ӹɵġ
öܣҰǻҰ죬Ҵ׾ڣֻҪΥɷǾǿɱħѣֲûмΪУɱ˵嫺Ҵ׵嫺
̧ۿķҰУ纣ȻǴ󺣻ǻҰڣд忪ʼѾΪ壬
һ㣬ǺܶʿûԤϵġ
ǾǣһεĵУ¾ޱ컯̺ͬŸĶ
׾ڣޣޣ׼лľ׼ɾ
пգ³һУ·̺һֲɿܵ־һۣۣÿһֶŹɣһֱӻΪһƾУ뵽ԭȵУڴ׾ڣһεļƾճ֡
嫺
ֻǣܿɳУ̺ΪɭϣڻҰУ΢н͡ڲ͸ÿһǿɲһ֣յһ֣ޣޣ׼ľ׼ɾ
ԡڵУǵǣǻۣ״̬ɲ׼׼ɾǴе
У̺׵Ĺ֮۵֮


1802  
鲼գÿһУľȥγһεļǳǶϾĿܣֻҪҪͻữΪһУѹ
ŴԽԽǿҲԽԽǿֻҪײ׾ڣûܹɾ
һʱͿܶԡڵеķޣľڷȴڴ޴ڵѹ£Ӳסĵ
ЩѾѾΪħ壬ûãֻڻδɱ֮ǰɱ󣬾ͲܵӰ졣
Ŀõ£ܵƺ󡣴Ⱥ׷¶һĨη˳ǽԣ
۾ʥ
һҴ׾ڣɱøӰȡ
޷ѪԽ˳ΪҴ׾ڣĪô۾˾ٴơ
ȺĿã׷׳й˵
컯Ȼڴ׾ûа취ټɱȴܹ׳ԴԴɱ䣬Ѫõޣڵ֮ڵϴˢ֮£ۿɼٶȱǳĻڵǳǻΪܵƿءڳΪܹøǿ
޷ɱ컯֮ԴԴϵϴˢڵɷ֮ڵɷ֮һ޳ǣʼָң¶ԵĹԣɢһ˿˿֮ʱȫǽȻͬ״̬ǲޣޡ
дľҲڼȡУлԵʵģȡѸɱ䣬ѹͬ޷ɾɵԣǣѪɱ䡣
ܿͨӣȡɱ󣬺ȻֱܿӻΪһͨ㣬Өɢ㡣ӿһȻ
ס
֮ǰȣԵɱ䣬ѾһƷʲߣ֮ǰȣȴ֮ȫǲԵ
ڵеõɱ䣬һ֦ҶһĵرƳҶɵҶ̺֭ҺԴΪĿĿǿͫԴ
ɱΪޣͨշޣΪս裬ǿʵѱлľΪǧٹ֣ǻΪ󡣵۾˾٣ǴҴ׵̡
ĿãЦǺǵ˵
ɲ壬ȴɣ֮䣬һɱĵ·ɳδػȳѷɫҪǣɱ䣬Դ̫Ӱ죬ô
̺ԣǿԽģܹɵշΪս裬ǳΪܵĻ顣޵ɱ֮·ȫһѪĵ·ﵽ£ΪޣޣҲпܵġ
ѪϣޣɲȶǿѷɫӵõؼʿǿӰһ㲻Ƕ֡ڵУɸޡΪɽޡ
ܸıģҲֻд׾ڲѹƵסӶתɱķطûѹƣɱĻ棬ֱǱȱȽǡȻ׵˵Ӱ졣
ҲʼжһΣ壬һҶˣ֮ǰԣһطӡеĶǿ߱ԲУͳ飬ƹԵֵһΣǿۣҲֻǿѡ
һԪƵأ飬ȻٷԪԶԪҪĸǿǸӹ졣

̫ϡ
Ȼܿһȼգ̫ǣһҵĻУ棬ʿһҲᱻ׷ճɻҽǴܣ׿̫Ϊǳֻ˵˵ѡ
ǳĵشȻܿһ޴ʶɢһȵˣܸܵɢĻ淨ϡмڳϣһ˿˿ȼգҲûжЩڳˣУڣ糱
һ޴Ĺ¡ǹݻõľȻǳ֮
֪⹬ļֵжôˡҪóȥֱԽܶŵĿɿڴԺȻ
۹
ۣ˿ĵһۣܸܵ޾ѹܽ˳ѹ˿̣ڹſڣȻԿӰͬʱƺڳң
һܿһĵۻ֮˿һۣо޴ѹνĵһͬһ֮һϵӡ֮ǰ߻Ҫǿңƺκα顣һһλߣУһƬ䣬·ǻ纣ɲ⡣
λ£ε⣬ΪڳɳУкܶ඼Ϊԭزۣܹ꣬峹׳ΪеĶǿ壬ѷɫ
ЦǺǵ˵һֶδ
ڵУȻѾУֻҪڴУȡʺѪ幦ӿɳ·ԽѸɰ꣬ǧС׿ȻԽ˻Ϊһ塣ĳɳҪʦƿء
ۿһߣƽ˵
εĵʮ⣬ڵУںһԪУڿǵͬʱҲЩעǵڣ뵽Ѫ֮СֻҪ̤֮·ͻʵϵõСһ㣬Ұ֣֪Ҫ϶ٱΪѾ̵ĵ·
Ͱ࣬Ѹٳɳǿ
ģȵҾͻǰ磬ķ̵Щ塣ģ˴壬ԲһԪȻĻȻ˳
߲Ǳˣʦ档
еĵλǷͬһ㣬ǽڵۿ̫һĴڡ֮ʦдĵϹеĵλǲġ
һΪ磬֪
һΣ岢ҪĶ֣Уǿɲ٣ͨ飬ݱ壬ʵǱδػ壬壬ѷɫȣҲһЩ꣬ʮɽУչѸ١˵Ѿʼ׼˳
̫һ˵
Ŀ⣬Ѿֻ塣
ǿ岻ֹһ֮һ壬壬ټ壬壬ʹ壬ȵȣһǺġ޲Ǿǵλǿ塣˭˭ѷɫһԪԭȵѾˡ


1803 ʮһ̫
ܽµǿɲһ򵥵飬Դˣ֪ĺҪû̫һλǾԲֵܳġôЭģ˭ֻۿǰ̫һˣ󣬾ĳ֡
һɢɳֻᱻһһʳƣҿ壬ͬ뽨˳ңѸУγӰܻ֮ġ򣬸ΪӲ¡
΢ٴ˵
˳һԪ⡣
˦ӲⲫǽҰ˴ܣȫûһ㼼ȻҲĿźܴϵҪһΣɹȻãɹǾ˳ѣҪǣʼ涼У׸
Ҫġ
ʼڣһжһжԱøá
ײ³֣ȻֵҲ³ֻͥҵͥɺȥ˳̫һȻ˵
šw½B«|ʭZ䣬껡ۿںһʱͿʮһӰͬʱ۹˳
ȻܿʮһӰÿһܿɢϢ̫ʮ׽ܱߵĻ涼ΧԾȴ˿ûж˺
ⲻǱģǵۿĵմѪʮӡ껣ںϽѪͬԻڣʱ򣬾͸̫ϵϣۿ£Ϊڵʮһӡĳ̶ֳϣȣνǱĸޱȡһ¾Ͷһ۾ŵĴɽ
壬еʮһ̫ӡ
ݵλν˵Ĵڡ
һ죬˵ȫһ㶼Ϊ
һΣһζ˵µĻᣬɴĴԵ
ʮһҵѪã磬µļԪԪУһжҪͷʼ㿪ʼѣҲд컯һΣᣬһǡһͬʣ˭⡣ۿһĨȥȥ磬ȥ˳ʮһͬԴ֧֣ͬͬʱܲ߳ܲܽ˳չǾȫԼ͡ҵۿĶӣϣǶܳɲšǾδ
ҪߵжȫͳȥУȥ˳ߵʲôزǾͿԼġͬٳ˳ҲͳĵϵȻǿ߻³ǰ˳̫̫࣬Ҫ˳ǿ濹⡣
븸׷ģǲʧġ
һŵ˵
飬ڲ֪֮ǰѾͨȻ׽ʲôǵҲһ־޴Ŀ顣Ȼ˭ܾһĻᣬ˭Ҫһ춯صΰҵ
̫ͬˡ
껣ȴѾܶˡи˷ܣ˼֧֣ο˳ʱڣ׷˳ټߵ칬ӰЩҼӿٶȣ׷ϴףǳԽףУ껣֮ǰֻûѣлˣ˭ܵǶǿҪúýһ¡
еİûʧ칬дѹףûȡӦеЧһıӲһзһΣռݸõԴûе׷ϲУУĿ˹ʺˣվڷ˿ڱһĸá
ڣҪ֤һ㡣
׵ۣǵĽŸոտʼ
껿磬һƬ䡣ӿֳĶ־
ܿ죬ʮһ̫ͬʱǰ硣׼˳񡣿˳ʵĻ

ʱܿȥһҹͬҲôϣУӡ
ЩмӰ죬ɶڴȴû̫Ӱ죬׾ڵ壬ΪԭֻһС֣Щ壬ǵˣҲҪԹԵݷĳ֣ô׽Ұ飬øӸǣÿ춼˻ȡһҹ
˲ȡԴӵе߲εʱ
ЩûҰΣգ޷׵顣
ڴ˿̣ҰС
һͲ
ϸȥһİϢ
ܿͬһ͵Ĺųһ㡣ֻǣȴϢܿźܶߴϣȻһֻֻӣЩȫһ֣ܹһֻֻӡнڷãʮֹ졣ںܶطǴ
ЩУװһ飬廹壬ȫһͬʡ
ľܿĳǶδƺѾȫûбκϣܸܵһǿҵĿ־塣
УȻԿһʬūЩʬūߴ󣬶ңſͣܿеѪ˿ȷ˸о̲סһ˿־塣
˵Σ˫ȣͬצ˫ָǼޱȣצһļ⵶䣬̶ȡЩǴ˵еʳʬ
ͬܿһӰ༸ȫͬңеӢŮƯƺһֶصţʳʬȣǽȻͬ˾̾
һ֧ʳʬ䡣
ЩͨʳʬȻĿĸ߲㣬ѪõεõǨԾȻǽȻͬȻ廹һ壬ֻλλ
ңʳʬһͲ䡣
ܿеʳʬʮʱܳսϵǿսһ֪
ӲҪ˵еλʳʬ
ϴѪɲöԸ̫ˣʮʳʬǲǣҪѪ䣬ƾͽ˵ǲЩ㡣
ڳ⣬һ޴ĲϣһȺͽΣĬĬ۲ſѪ֮ǰ˭ûԤϵѪĹģô̺ʳʬ˶࣬һɵƻܿ£ͽˣǷܽһ޴⡣
ѶȺܴ
ţ̽鵽鱨ʮҪڵֻеȱɫϢһɫ룬鱨ȥǵɡ
ַ׵ͷ˵
ڻҰǱü죬̽鵽鱨ʮ󣬶ңһñͨĶǱȥ̽ڵĲ鱨һ֣ȻԶԽĴս𵽹ؼá
ɫκ̬ǱУڵӦ֣ˮ
ų쿴б仯
ãɫǱ¶ˡ


1804 
ܹıΣǱȥⲢûûģϾǱĿ꣬ϰߣϢȵȲͬϰԣһ¶һ˿Ϊһ¶
ɫ츳ǣûнܹרҵѵ޷ģ£Уһ벿Уʱ¶ױ¶Ŀܡ
֮ǰɫѾǱȥһһҹ
Ϊһ˳û뵽ڴ˿̳ױ¶
̧ۿȥȻܿʳʬУһӰ˵ģʮͨʮѰǶȺУҲڵһʱʧȫǴΡڵĴڸСҪסѡһ仰ǾǣûԼɫǣһеһУƽ
ڣȫƨһӴܡڽºȻԿһƣƵģ͸һֻɫȻֻζѡ
ƣǴоһز
칤ƵķŽоһͨ¯ͨ¯أֻҪ֮ͽȥȡؼƲʣͿƳһơֻǣƣûа취ƿصģƳƷʣģƳʲôĶпܣʲôԵĶ֡
ң״Ҳǧٹ֡
ʣЩƶΪзʹͨƾȫԳɳ൱׵ĲΡڴУҲ൱ʢС
Ͼ˶൱ǿҵ
ɫǹһƣΪŸɫһΣңŻϱ任ɫգҪֵͷΪˣ˲͵Ĵۣ֣һֺ󣬱ĸ׶һƽʱܵսѶһ¡
ķѴǮƣƾ
ӿ֪
ɫƵٶȣͬʮ־ˣؼǣûⷽӰ˿̣¶ˡ̽ʳʬʱƣ˲ͱ¶ˣžͻʳʬǿ߷׷
죡ٿһ㣬Ҫȥˡ
ֻҪӳ䣬ǾͿ԰ȫˡ
ɫзź۾ɨܣܿһʳʬǿĿķ׷ϡЩɶǿߣɫѾĽ׷ླΪ磬ټһЩƣԪбס˿̣׷ϵģٲȻһȺײεʳʬǿߣĽ׵ĸˡ
һ׷ϣǺôģȫ֪ԻʳʬĲԵġ
˿̣ǽѾǰ
һ㣬Ҿܳȥˡ
ɫǰĳǽһĨ඼ھѪҺڷ
ڱɫڳǽʱں׷ϵһȺʳʬȴ׷¶һּĿ⡣
飡
ڼǽ˲䣬Ȼһƾճ֣ǰÿǰƿյıɫײڽϣ޴£ʶ³һѪ
ãн硣
ַĿãһĨᶨȻһϺȵӦȳɫ룬ס׷ޱȽ鱨һʱ䴫ݻȥ
£ȻѾɢһһǰƣÿǰ̤һϵϢڱǡεƣϯķٳʳʬǳϯȥ
սҰ
ַзһȣ붼룬ۼ䣬һƾͳŽ˳ȥ

֣ȻܿһɫзܸܵһְҾ׵־սҰѪơսľһǰսľ޼᲻ݣսľ
ûκ·
һ֡
ս
飡
Ϳϰɳսޱ͵̬˲ײڽϡսУ·̺ĳֶصȻһ֮£Ӳһ󶴡
ų
ɫϴϲһĺ
ߣ鱨ȥֵһ𳷣סǵ󡣡
ַһ֣˵
ųѪ䲻ֹǱϿЩڵ»˾޴ĵ¿ռ䡣ҸҪȥѾƣǷ֣˭֪»Ŷʳʬ
ɫ˵Ѿӳг˳Ȼвֹۣηֵ鱨ʵ̫ˡ
Ǿ͸Ҫ鱨ȥߡ
ַȻ˵ɫأ붼룬ñɫֱȥԼȴ˿ûкˣʼղɽĵǰ档Ŀ⿴ǳأӳгʳʬ
ҪӣȻˣǽһ߲ˡ
һòʮӢλʳʬӳ˳λʳʬ
ãųΧ壬ʳʬΧѾû·ˡͱɫ뿪ͽ˿ٷأһ϶¶ŭ֮ɫ
ܱѾȫʳʬнգܱ߻Ұ鲼ʳʬѾڿΧ˹һγɺΧͳ߲ˡȻʳʬӪͬͰһֱ֣ѸپѾӦ
ûг·Ǿɱһ·ңȥ
ַеļᶨŨ
͵ǰһ̤һ糱ˮ㸡֣Ҳһ˲䣬ۿɼٶȱ
һɣ
ɣ
ʮɣ

գۼ䣬Ѿ͵֮ߡ

ڽУƺŭģս塣սһʱܿһɽɫѪ̰ȵĽܱߵĿҪȼ
תΪȫչ֡

ĿãһĨ䣬ͻȻڹһһڵĳУڵͷ·УۻʹԻ׻꣬ɵԽ࣬ԽǿﵽΣһӳСضΪһƬޱ߹⡣
ֺ󣬶ʱһµĹϴģꡣ
ۼ䣬Ѿնȥ
󣡣
һӳȻֻƿգ˲ַǰǣûֱϣɢ⣬ճ󷨣ÿһУܿһֻɭɭ˵ЩʶǶ֮ɹһ󣬷ӳʮϰٱƻ
Щַֻͨ˲䣬ܳ׽һ۳ɺ˲䱬ܿ޾ӹӿӽ¿ʼѸٳӹȥ
һҪѪһ𶳽ᡣ
Σ˲ﵽף񾳵ĲΡ
µģǵǹ
ƣ
ַ׶ԸġڱѸӣڲϣͷ­һ𸲸ǽȥʱַзһϺȣڣɫѪӿѪĿ񱩣һʱͽıӲ飬
ţͿһ̤ƿգͬʱ־һƴһƣ磬һ£Ѹײڶ֮ƣڹǰʵʵĺϡ
飡
һըѡ


1805 Фػ񡪡
ʮơͻ
һʽƷǳ䲻⣬ѸײڶԿֱ̬Ӻ˸ûУһɱǹû뵽һ󳹵ױʿȻܹѹҪ֪ʿҪ⣬Ϯ
Ҫǲܵ顣
벻ַ岻ѣѵ˲䣬˿µһ̺ͨ⣬Ӳ״򱬡
սס
Ӳһλʳʬ򱬡
˲䱬ս˿κʿҪѷɫǳ䲻£˺ЩӦǽַḻսչ¶šŹκһ˿ᡣ
ԹԲֻǸոģǲһСֶѣĹɱûչ¶ͱַһƺƬò˵ɱսУκһ붼ᷢͬı仯
Ȼˣɱǡ
ҪǻᣬͳͳɱԲܷһ
ûκγɣλʳʬĿùַɱĻ棬һ¶൱ѿı顣´Χɱϳλʳʬɱֱڴǵڵϣƴýż̤ʳʬŭˡ
ɱɱɱ
ǡ
ġ
Ĳóԣÿġ
һʳʬĿǱ¶˵Ŀˮ˿ֱĸоǸо̫ˡ
˲ͳַǰķ𹥻
Щʳʬеĺͨͬ˿̷𹥻ܿĻڵ֪ʲôطðķɵ۾Ҫλúȫǳ־Ҫ

ڣַʮǿѪһͨѪǰĵѩˮڻʧʿѪڴ󲿷ͨ˵ž޴ĿƣѪͨԿӲҪ˵壬ǽղˡ
ַսḻޱȣʩչ󣬺ԥƷмֱǳ뻯һƴһÿһ̺żǿƻ˿ѷɫÿһɨһʳʬͱķѡըһѪƬǵѪ
˲Ϣ䣬ǰʳʬɱ
ЩܵʳʬȣֱǾţһëͬηǰĵ£˲ͳͨԴԴϵϣȻÿһۣԴԴϵĺ£ܿɢĽ⣬ϰѪĥֱƿ
һ˿ڿʼϡ
սһʼͽ뵽ҵ״̬

սʱַͻȻ췢һǺͬһɫ糱ˮ˷ϯȥУһ֣֮ʳʬʱֱӾͽЩʳʬӲ˺Ƭֱ֮ըÿһв۷Ŀֲսͬʱըսһӷ·ޱڻը
ͨ
ƷһݱͨһԽѪ˲仯ΪϯķЩйᱬըһըɵԼαġ˲Ϣ䣬ǧʳʬͨ˺ƬƬƬʳʬͬݡ
ʱУһѹ糱ˮϯһİ׹ƾճ֣ܿ׹۶ɣͷͫڲ˸ˣ·˫۾ڶ㡣ָо൱¡
һ֣ʱ׹ĳַȥ
ӳֵҳȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬ַ巴Ӧ㹻Ѹ٣һʱһƷΪȴײУ˲ͱײķѡɢⶼ֧Ųסױ
׹ǰ⣬ʵʵײϡ
ۣ
һײַɣѪ˲ɢɳȥܿһѷϣ·մɣһ룬ͻ᳹ױ
׹̺ȫܳܵļޡ
ų
ɫĿãɫ䣬һ
ߣס
ַмᶨɣйâһһö˲䳯űɫ˴˳ȥʱ飬ΪһռţѸپ˽ȥõһһŲƷһнƣ˴ͳȥΨһһ㣬ֻܶĽµãĽϣûа취Ųơڣȴı
ų
ɫ˱ռţһɫ䣬ˣַȴˣǻȡ

УһŭȻڱɫѣʮַŭ
߿еİ׹ٴ£ַηɽʵʵϣһΣٴαˣһѪǰγѪϵѺۣӵܼ
·һʱͻ᳹
һҲᡣַһˣȡң
ַ忴Ű׹ܵеѹȻⲻͨıʵϣԶԼȥѾûлˡ
ս
һս֮ҪַһҪս·ϡװգ
һȥ
Уһģλʳʬ֣վڰ׹ǰһ֣׹ٴҳһԽַ峹׻ɱʿҲҪײƬ
ûĻһַɡ
ַԸΪ塣Ϣս档սսսַ췢һźѺۣ۾ȴʼû˿η塣

ڰ׹ײʱ׵۳УаͻȻڶһʶ̧ۿȥȻеʮöФǳһö׵Ĺâ㡣˲ҫ񷡣
쿴Фǳһöǳô¡
ǳ춯ѵʲô仯սѾѡ
ɣѵǼ֤һФػĵ
һ̣׾ڣշ׷ԺָĲ²⡣ͬУٷȺҲ̧ۿգ¶һ˿к棬оȣڴʲô鶼С
һõϿɣǾζţһ죬ӵս֮ǿһԾϡֱӴͨգﵽǵĲΣǶֻ
֪õսϿɵ˵˭
˰һ˿ʡ
ս׾ȻôѡȻҴ֮У˽ܵ飬˲ű
ͬһĻǱ¶һĨЦ⡣
ˢ
漴Ϳһ貵Ľ˲ǳбԲ˼ٶȣ׾һҰС
˿̿ȥȻԿҪ׹һַ壬ͻȻ䣬һ⳹ָǡ
ԸΪФػ񣬴սס
һַԺС


1806 ս
Фػ񣬳Ϊսʿ
ַ˶ʶˣһֱڱͷϵĸоȫû뵽Լ׼Ȼʱ̣ᱻսѡУΪսʿֱ콵ڱζû顣ھȻĳˡ
ָоζӳ£ֱ޷ݡеļ඼ھ·Ҫؿֱһȫ޷ơ
Ը⣬ҵȻԸ⡣
ַԥĿ˵
ڳΪФػ񣬻еսʿûκξܾĵС롣
ɻ󣺡ʣΪʲôѡҡ
Фػ񡪡ѡηľ񣬲ս⣬սҰѪơʣƷΪֹս׵Ҫ󡣶ңϡڱѡУλ
鲢û˵
ФػÿһѡҪǽȻͬġսʿҪս⣬ηľټϵЩѡʸ
ΣͷõϿɡȷΪһФػսʿ
ġԺ
ԸΪФػ񣬴սףػףػ壬ػΪΡη޾壬ڣΪġ
ַԸΪФػ񣬴սףػףػ壬ػΪΡη޾壬ڣΪġַԥĸŷԼԡ
ΪģһΥ˲궼ɢԣħĻҪ£û޷֮ġΪûʸûС
Ƿ֮ģǾФػ
սף壡
ڷ֮ĵ˲䣬ܿǵ⣬ųǰδе貹âҫס
ַü䣬һȻԿֳһɫӡǣ·СĴչϡţһӡţͷ­ǣֳһöͷϸ֣ɫѸӣգۼ䣬͸ȫ
սףߵСսһ󣬿һƷжս˿ķǿսѥսףսϵۣԶһŵдءֽŹؽλãǸֳĵС
ս׺ͬʱһεѪ⣬֮СϤİĻͻȻԺС
˭
Ƿ壬壬ַ塣
ԣⶼңַֻ塣
䣬ǰļս׺ĹУ״ˡǰ飬Ҳ˲䣬ǰֻǰڲδǰľȻ˵ǰչǰڲҪģʱԭȵ磬֪ҪʶٱͬҲ֪նٱҪػʱ
Ƿ壬ַ壬һִŶѡ
սںϣս׾ͨսӣħսףս֮ʵ˽׵̨ʵ㣬޷ʱ䷢Ӱ˽սӵг߽龳սսԽǿսԽǿФػսÿһλսһʮФػȫλͬʱսñ˴սͬʱʮ
ĻַԺп
ս׵ѶϢһһεĴݹȥФս׵ǿ֮ӵ۷壬սףɷӳ̨սȻǰʱս׵ܹܵסսдݶĿֲһܲס޿תˡԣһ£Էӳս߽ף򲻵ѣǲܴ˽ײεġǿ˽ףҲҪʱ䣬ʱԽԽáһɱ
δزܡ
Фػһ룬ʮȫͲҪܣǿȫõ
һ㣬Фػǿ֮һȫλǾػ׵۳ǿʵ
Фػ񴫳Сս䡷
ĴУûдеս䡷ǵõФսףҲûа취ս׵ĴУܴУԪǸȫ֮ܵĴٶתޣ£ûа취ת޵ģФ£ȴԡ
Фʱڴʱתʱ⣬Ϣ䣬۸ĸˡФеǿ֮
пʼ
ĻַԺ
ţַ͸оԼڵԪʼת䣬սȻԺУصĵѸڡ
׮
ǡս䡷ĴУϷš壬
˲Ϣ֮䣬֮£һԪѸٷɱ䣬ڵ϶ǿп٣ֻΪϾԭȵĻٿϣͼһǧȻⲢӰʹսףңϵĳɾͣᱻĥһеĸ
Щ˵ʵʱ䣬գ֮ѾɣФУʱ䣬˲Ϣ䣬ѾһС磬ܿ׹ǽǰ
յͨҲһ̣ʧ
ܿǰһ̻ش·һ̾ͻַ᳹壬׻ָңϻһɫսףս׵ֱ޷ݡѾ¡ͷ·Ǿ֮ϵo˫εѹȻȻĳ˷ϯȥ·Ը
궼ڲ
ô¡
⸱սɢ⣬ⲻǴ׵ԭʼüףһ鱦սס
սףʮФսеսס㾹ȻܹѡΪФػôܡ
Фػ飬׾ڣʲôܣڻҰеĸ岿䣬Ҳĺܣ϶ʮöǳ˭ۿģôܲЩ˽⡣ֻû뵽ǻۼ֤һФػĵеսʿȫܸܵսʿȻǿĽػ
ʳʬǿߣһˡ
ʲô顣
ΪФػ񣬵ѹһв֮Сɱ
ַǰҪײİ׹³һ
¼䣬Ȼܿһھ޴ĽӳͷڽϣֳһĴչü䣬һƬ䡣
սסսӣ

һ䣬սͷҡΣһ嫵ؼһɫĲ糱ˮ˷ϯȥ׹׵壬Ҫײϵİ׹˲ͱɫ˸ǣ·ڴеƴһҷϣֳɫ⡣
ܱߵʳʬһڽɫŤ飬֧סģҲðһŽɫ⣬˲лΪҽľͳͳܱ򣬴ݲ


1807 첿
Ĩɱ
ֱһĨɱ
֮ʳʬȫΪУ֧ŵģסսķգܵסսģ׷׻Ϊҽ棬ǽ֮ڣͬˣʳʬͳͳΪҽ
ǿ
ʵ̫ǿˡ
һ̣ս׵ȫӳ߽龳ǿƻսӣһС龳߶սͨƻεȿ¡ǳأһ˲ͱɷ档ͬʱַԥ̤ǳУŵȥ
ֱɱ¡
ֲڵ
Ƭַ̺ٴ˳
ܱѾκʳʬԭ׹ͨ£òƲ
ˢ
ַ̤ʱУȻԿһʺ£֣ţâһ£Ѿƾճھ޴Ĳʺϣʺգһ̣׾ڣĿַһɫսףoģ
ͬڲʺϡ
йһʥּ
ַ壬ʥּһչˣ۾Իַ壬Ʒ񣬵սϿɣѡΪФУգ뷷ΪФػ뷷ΪλһƷ˼һƷסФػػ壬ػףػմˣ
뷷⣬ֱӳװУĿúһ˷ܣĽФػһ죬ոڻҰУѪڵĻ棬Ѿۣͨڵһʱ䣬ͳϣȫֱȫĿȫĿùս׺ַеǿսǶôĿ£ôǿᡣ
һ֮׽һʳʬ䳹ĨɱǻԵ
Фػġһ죬һ졣õУͻȡ߽׵ǿսǰ˽ףڽ󣬻ǿ
ַּ
ַԥĹŵ۹ҡҡһݣ뷷⡣ⱾҪõġ
ţʱ䴦֮£󣬲ʺŻὫԻȡõԴ컯ΪԿٻָ
Ҳ¶һĨ΢ЦФػҪҲǺͷųһЩ⣬Ǵ׽ػǿĵ֮һ
ţȰźһУҾͻǰФԼΡ
ַͷ˵
ФػѾڱĵطʵʮФڡФ̺ռ䣬֮ϣֻҪȥͿʱ޿ĴӲҪ˵Фڡս䡷ױȵ档
νǵơ
û˭ڶʱڣͿԿͻƽ
Фػ컯֮һ
ȻһУҪַ崦֪Լõ컯ж
ˢ
ַϵսƾʧѾջڣüĵӡǣһռ䣬ռУľսסƽʱսʱһ֮䣬ܸȫʮַ㣬κοɳ֮Σʱս׻Ȼ֡ǿ󵽿µĵزФػǲ´ɱġ
һ㣬û֪
ս׺ַҲʧʺͻǡ
۹УЩʼձп۵ס
ǱҲ¶һĨЦ⣬һλФػڹλˣ˵һλФػҲӦÿҪˡڴФػ񳹵׾һ졣
Уף˶Уѡʮһ£ÿһս׵Ҫһ㣬ͬȴ̫ãԿ϶Ҫ˶ãФػһ᳹׾롣
ʱҲǴɱʱ
ڴһ졣
̧ۿգУһ޴̾šͼÿʱÿ̶֪УѾﵽǧɵĿֲز
ʱ䣬ɳٶȣڲϼӿ죬ңԽԽ졣
ЩˣǴӴ֮⴫ݶġ
Ҵˡ
ңÿʱÿ̶ŴΧֵ򣬶ڷӡЩô׵ˣԾ˵ٶӡﵽһɣò˶೤ʱ䡣

磬ںϡ
ΪبŴ½䷶Χ֮޿ɹﵽԳصĵزвɽ֧ţÿʱÿ̶
بŴ½֮⣬Ľ򣬱֮Ϊ첿ޡ
بŴ½ܱߡǿ嫵Ĳ޽
һΪݣһݣ˵˽ܵ飬񣬶ңԴĵرʤ棬ӵĻֻҪռݣӵĵĽκԣǶΪġ֮ͬ޷νԳأ⣬л֣ӵرݡ˵ǲݣʵĴǧû̫̺֮κʿ˵ױȵĺô֮͡
첿ݼˡ
ΪʤݣһݣͬǼΪ֮أ˵ʤоһ飬طҪؼ䣬һصĳʣֳʣȻȻ˳٣Ȼǲĳ̶ֳϣӳʿӳĵزںܶԪʿ˵ֱʥء
ΪĲޣһݣҲѰ̺滨ݣҩָڲУ̺һڻ޵飬ϣмĺôޣҩںܶ˵ν°빦ʮ
ΪţޣһݿνǶɽˮ֮أָﶼпܴڣʲôĵζֹ֣ܳЧǧٹ֣ڲУ̺һطڷˮʦ˵ֱˮڣҪʲôˮУҪʲôɽɽҵɽɳӣеһֶѡҲաν̽յıء
Ϊ«ޣһݱطν൱գֶ̺յأʺϸ־綾֮棬̺һ춾ͨ˵߽ȥҪ˶þͻ䡣ͷӶ¡ײе¡ǿʿģΣ˭
Ϊݣഫ֮ǰֻһɽں£ݱһⲿݣ棬̺һɢ֮ʿо޴ôʿͻͽʮ졣ʿʥءҲ滨ݣ˵гҩ
Ϊޣ˵һ½ʿž޴ĺôo飬У̺һܵص֮о޴ļӳ֡ԸõռԸ֮鵮ʥء


1808 
ڰΪħöޣطŸָħӵһħؼ֣ħãħʦʿȵȣмǿ棬ħһ͵ʿżǿ
һݣΪޣ˵޾Ĳ飬а壬ӵһڤɢĲڤƬе飬ˣᷢĲ仯ɱ飬Ҳʱᷢ顣
첿ݣÿһԳأΧبŴ½⣬νǾŴϽ
ңϢ첿һֱںϵĹУʹһֱӡ״̬ȫӡڷӡ֮ǰûκ飬κ壬κܹ̤ȥ浽ݱ䡣ĳ̶ֳϣǻûκĿհ׵ش
κֻҪפУܲױȵ档壬Ȼͬ
ھ첿֮⣬ʮʮ
ʮ򣬷ֱǣ̫죬̫죬죬̥죬죬죬죬̫죬죬ٻ죬죬죬죬˾죬죬죬Ԫ죬̫죬죬ʼ죬̫죬˼죬죬죬죬Ԫͬ죬죬죬죬¡죬죬죬̫죬죬΢죬졣
ʮأھ첿ݣͬھ첿ݣʮ򲢷Ƿӡ塣νеĶ
بŴ½ΪԴģһ㣬Ǿ첿ݣΧʮʮͬһȦһ
⣬ӴĽЩдܿУͳΪǽ纣ţж緱ǰĽ򡣿֪Ľ򵽵жô޴ˡԴռݵ嫺ҲֻһͨĽ򣬲֪ж١ǽ纣֮ڡ
ЩҪĽֲͼҲռҪ֮أʮʮ֮С
ռ嫺ֻǸոտʼ
ңΪ¯ԭѾʼǽ纣пɢʮʮ֮Уͬʼɢ߸ǵķΧʵ̫ˣټϣֱͨǼֳ̨һ¯ȥȡһĸԴͬ¯ɢ;ø㡣
¯Ѿ֮н
ջҵ죬˵ȫ绢ܹɵİѿؼ۸ıáѸţ̺ܴһ档
بŴ½УҲȻɢС

ǽ纣Уһ˿嫺ѷɫӴУܿ½أ죬鲼ܱߡУһ޴½أ½ϣҲи棬һЩСڣ壬塣ͬҲŴݡ鲼ذ˷
ڴ˿̣½УһڡͻȻ䣬пռŤһźϴƺԶ΢ɱš
⴦׹ǽ
˵ڽУһµĹսӴޱȣ治֪̺Ŷٵİ׹ʬڽУֲŴֲиֿµһͻʴ׻Ϊһ߰׹ǣ䵱
ԣʲô壬׿֮Զ֮»մȾɡܶˡ
ڴ˿̣˽ͻ֣ᷢʼı仯
ڽĺ򣬺Ȼһ޴ĵضⶴУһƬڣƺйĺڲϵתҪȴֱʲôסһ㡣ʼձڶѨ֮ڡ޷
ͻȻ䣬ڶѨУһֻ޴Ļзɳһ֣˲䣬ۿɼٶȷͣգ޾Ļ棬ƺҪյȼ
ֱֻ֣ӳƽա
ʲô
ôĻ񡣡
ǻǴ˵еޣǴġ
׹ǽзɳһֻΪʲôҸоһֲõԤУʲô¼Ҫ⵽ô¡
ܱߵĸʿĿ£̲ס¶֮ɫ
ǽ仯ᷢʲôǿ˭
̣̣̣
ţӽУһźУ·̺ĳĳֲйϵսԽʱն
ڵضУֳһɫУУţһϵĳǳشи֡ǳǳأõǲ֪ʯש죬·ɱս棬鲼Ÿָսۼ
ܿſڣȻֳ֡裡
֣ܸܵһֹϵĲã
裬ǡ
ڴгֺ󣬶ۿɼٶȾͣգۼ䣬ͱաڰ׹ǽϿա
ôĳǳء
裬ɳǡôڰ׹ǽȻ˾޴׹ǽڸס
ҵ죬⵽ô¡ǽоӣĴʲôʱ˾˵
쿴ϵ񣬾ȻڳϿգôһɹƣҵ죬⹦ƣƽôôࡣҲ̫ˡ
ǳе顣һ˳ҵ죬ʲôܻӴĹƣɳֵز
ǿߣҲɵĵһӽð˵չֳӴĹƣ˾޴飬ȫǳġԲͨ
ǽϣȻܿһɫս׵սʿŵǹꪣÿһü䣬ɢɢ˵Ѫɷ֮ȻһսңⲻǰҵѪսɱ¾
ÿһܸܵɢΪʵ˿κηླѷɫǸǿУ̺·һܱ̾ȥ
̣̣̣
սꪣǹûڳǽϣãһźЩսʿз
ǽϵսʿͶ򡣸ӲҪ˵ǳڡаգҲдսʿ
ڣڹС
һߴ¥Ϊժ¥ʶ𣬷·ںҹУܴժȡǳ
ܿһߴۣ࣬һϵ̤ժ¥ˣһۻ֮Ȼ
ϣҴΪѪɱУѹħʮأգҴ̳ڴؼ֤գҴ¿ΪޣΪ۳ǡ̵۳̣
췢һΣҪ˳¿ô
ңһǵ۳֮ǰʳҪǵ۳̵۳
Уһֻɫֻ֣ǿһۣûκζ漴Сͬʱֳ̳ǵĻ档ؼĻҲ⡣


1809 
ʲô̵۳
˵еȻˡ
񣬽̡̾ȻٴȻֱӿһǵ۳ȻõصϿɡ
ƣ̾ȻӴĹƣ̵ʲô飬ȻԻӴĹ¡ֻ񣬾Ȼ˾޴һپǵ۳ңڵ۳У߳롣ǲ˼顣
ʿĿã¶Ȼ֮ɫ𾪣ȫġ
Уڴ̿һ㶼İĴ˵㡣֪˵Ĵ˵ǸǶ಻ʤһ槼ǧţֻǣʲô
ȴ˵ӹһĵǰ̬˳Ĺ˼ٵģƣ飬ţѾõϿɡ

̵
ΪѪɱУѹħߡ֮ǰʲôʵɱӴĹ£ȻйͬڵһʱĿá
һĨԺвɵĸֳ֮ǰ俴ĹаȻܳͨͨԲʲôܵ顣
֮ǰѹħߣ
һֲ²ⰵԺи֣ңԽԽ϶
Ŀɿգ̿ɲͨ˳һԪ¹պӵе˲ţ̣ǳģս˿ڡ;Բͨĵһǵ۳ǲɺӵ
̣̣̣
ʿͬķźУ¶ȼᶨ֮ɫУ̾ǿȴػĹȡΪˣǣҲϧ
ڽ򣬵Ϊ򡣽֮ڣΪҴ̧ɨܣһһӳ䣬·ضƿ֮£ĽڵĽ򣬶Ϊ򣬲ԭǲ֣УǾ𣬴ڣǴ̵
̫ʦ

ڡ
һ̤˳ֻȻͷа׷ȴȣһϣü䣬Ȼһֻֻۣۡ磬˱˲궼ᱻסܵĲҪⲻǱˣǴ̫ʦ١
ڴУνλȨأ̵λǵҪмӣڴ̾Уߣ˸ҲһδγѪսͳǡ
̫ʦƹҴսķҪ򣬳ҴͳϽߣɱߣɱΪߣɱ³һУɭɱ⡣
̽Ųߣͳͳɱ
ڴǰͳͳҪ
ҪôҪô

ԥĴӦ

󣡡

´ȻԿ֮ǰǳĵºڶУһѪʿٵ̤˳ÿһǾÿһǴʬɽѪɱġ޲սһ۵ɷô󲿷ʿݡ
һ
ʮ
򣡣

ԴԴϵĴӵ̤֮࣬ﵽǧÿһΪ͵ģûеڷླЩǴﵽĽײεϱ
Ļڡ
³һī룬մ˫ޣԥĿʼǲ
ĩڡ
һ̤
һǰɽɽˮˮһвҴ̰ͼ֮ڡ
˵
Ļԥ򣬻ּ䣬ɱ
ܻڡ
ĩڡ
һǰߣɱ

ٵǲһ󽫴ֱӳܱ߷𹥻
Ҫıȫƿ֮ڡһвͳͳɱɱΪɱͬʱ̻ǽǡȻǴ̲ɵĵ۳ǣң˳ɳǣޱҲͨ˳ɳǣﵽʳʱͻиյ
ǣȫ൱ֱҰ
ûý֮ġֱһˮʦǰſյһָһǽǳڵĽֵ˲両֡
ǽ
ָسɸ֣
ͨ˵޽ǳأȻǿʱõ飬ɶʿ˵Ǿ֮ͣ׾پһǡϰ˿ڵľ޳ǣҲǶ̶̰ʱҾ͡
Ȼֵʿ١
Чʼߡ
ǽ߶в¾ɣǽָسɸ֮£ɱɸһ㣬ޱȣֻҪټ̷󷨣½ƣȻóǳؾǿķ
ľ޳ǣһڸʶ
ǻ棬ֱ˸еֲ
ڽǳغ󣬴̵ĴҲɱ˹ȥ壬ߣҲûֱӳ֣ͳͳ𣬶ܱߵѹգ½ľ޳СκξܾĻᡣ
˿ڣ˳˵˿ҪġĴ̵۳Ҫ˿ڡڴеգǴҪģ˿ڣ֧ŵһ˳ת˿ڣŲûи鸡κεطУУͬ⡣Ҳѹ£չӵеʵ࣬е˿ǧҡ
ж٣Ȼֻھͳƹ֪
̵۳ܹȫõ˿ڣʣ̵۹ĸˣѸٵҪ𹥷ȻΪռݽȡ˿ڡģǴҪġһ㣬Ȼ̵ĸ߲ʮ
߲УսʿУҲУǷȱģա
ȻڣУϣȣǲһ֮ңٺɨգ޳УȲܱģ˿ռ˵̵ţνһҰݡ
ȴ֮Ч

Ҳ˵̵ĳҪһơ
ȴ˵Ŵ̳õϿɣǴ磬Ϊڴ֮ǽ纣һͬ޴ĽСһ޴½ء
½УͬһڣŸָĿ´šഫ񺿣֮ηҿ
¡¡
ڴ֮̿Ƭ½׵ķһҵĵ𣬴ҡΡУ˲ѿһ졣
һƬڡĺڡ
أأأ
أѣѪɣսɱɱɱ
ѷУһźУ·һӱεƽңƲ㱻顣ս⣬ܽͱơֲ԰¡
䣡
һ֮¡ȻԿһ޴ĹųǴӵѷð˳ңֱգۿɼٶѸٱܿһСһڿڱ˸ź⣬һսʿ־񣬸һ۾ܿսϣǺηĺ䡣


1810  
нʿȫڼףһһȥһƬѹѹĻ棬ȴһĪѹУȻⶼǾеľ
ɳϣȻһҡ渡ֳ׭
һȻǡ
˵Уعǡڴ֮Уλ޿ȡġǣûгǽģ͸׵Ƴһûнǽ
ݼءضʱҪҪǽ⣬ֱӹϵǲҪǽǵѾ£ǳǽһأԸڽĵ·ϣƾǽļءأҪǽ֮£Ī֮Ī
°գǵĳǽ
ǳأǴصĳǽ
أսͣϢ
ضǣҪǽ
Ǵصţصǡ˵ǡ
ܿǣ۹֮ϣһ̨һߴۣ࣬ͷƽڣֻǱӰ˲ֱӣ´˵ա
Ϊʼʵ֤Ҵѹħʮأգص
̧ۿգһһշ档
Уֳɫ
ڿǺҲû˵ʲôȻҲĬ
һ㣬ϿգĹƾܿһ޴ڹ֮ϣͣ˿ȴ̵ѷɫ̾գӲ񷡣
Ϊ۳ص۳죬˽򣬵ΪؽԻ糤ѹˡڣΪҴؽ壬ߣɱΪߣɱ
һöת⣬˵
ÿһÿһ䣬ӡա
ͬ⻭棬ҲѸٳ磬ÿһС
ĹףøĴͬȱ٣Ȼزǵһȴ贫صĴֻһ㣬ô˲ӡС
ֺôױȵģǲ֪۶١
˲ãأ޾һ֣ȴúվһһͷʼʵۣؼչҪøˡ˵ǻ¡
̧ۿա
ڴ֮󣬴صĳûгԤ֮⡣Ԥлôһ졣ֻû뵽Ļô죬ȫǽǴ̻ǴءÿһǺöԸġ޲šһ飬ġ
̵֮ԻΪΪʥˣΪɱ٣ΪȺܣҪһޱǿʢĴ̣£ӵеȨ޷赲ʵ򣬵ĲܣԲκεѷɫǸǿֻǻûʩչĲܡ
νʱҴͽκΡ
ۼʮֿ£ǿԣŻкı֮˼ɲġ
һλпǴûСӹܹսУɨһͳµĴҵܼģʼʵۣǧһۣûκ˸ҷظ˲żüãֱˣ˲ţ಻ʤȫսľ
Ը񣬱ȻһһⷢսңսٶȻܿ죬Ҫǣһ֣żʤİղŻȥ˵ãҲǳ뻯һָ
أעڽʡ
˭УŶŵơ
⻹ֻеĹŹ壬ԲšʱŶԣõʱûγٹ̵ͳӰ죬ͳĸ棬̶ܳȣеҪ׵Ķࡣ
̻ʣǼǰȥھʼĹ飬ĹͼƬõʲôͻȻһ۶ڽµ̻ʣȤһ䡣
̻ʣ޵нȥټһ˾ժǣǿ²˵ҪȥھʼĹֻǣƺû˵ԼˣʼĹô¡ͺֵˡ
˭֪ȥ˵ǵͼƬ챦˵ĹбأǾͿ϶дɵõֻһݣҲ룬ֱץʼĹ飬ȥռڻûϢ
̻һֱۣ˵
˵²˭֪ͼȫռ룬ûа취ǲرͼǰĹȫʧ
е˼
΢΢һЦ˼
ʼĹҪĵĻǾԷͬһ㣬ǷйأҲһֵ˼⣬Ȼرͼ챦ĳ̶ֳ˵Ӧòм١Ĺ飬Ӧʵġͺ˼ˣҪôʼʲʼʣҪôһֿܡ
磬ĺܡ
ҡҡͷ˵
һա
Ѿڵǲؽƿ֮ڡ޼Ǻԥ׼ռ˿ڣֲĶ̰壬øû
ƾۻᣬ̣ضˡԺ˵Ϥ˳ų֡˵Źлʮܵ𶯵ġ
Ǳ濴ôƽ
ͬʱҲһֽȸС
ǵĳ֣Ǵ׻еһ˳ô
ʱȥףҪͲôÿˡ
õģһ˳ȻãϣϳҲֻ˵Ҵ׵ĵ̲㣬ֲñˣο赣ģ̣Ȼ۲ŴԣɵǸոճоǿʵ˿ǾӾܾǿġҪƵƣ˲ţǻ˲ţֻࡣҪ볹׽죬ǻҪ̵ʱʱ䣬Ҫʮꡣ
Ц˵
ѹУǺܴ
ף£̵ʱһؽԼڵĽǾһݷһʱ䣬ڵĵ̳Ż֡
ʮֻ꣬һ֡
ʮ꣬ڴ˵ȴ㹻һв֣ĳ̶ֳϣײˣ˵׷ϡʱֻվĸߡ

ʱȻţ֪УһѾȥ
һУҲɵǰչ·𣬷׵ķͲһ
ڴС
ӳǡ
ɳڵλãŴ̺ܶϣ൱ӣڻҰУڵĴı۸ǷҰԾ綾֮ӳеͽɳǶҪࡣ
ͬһ޴⡣
ǾҰжңЩʱжǸ־綾һʮѲ޷ɢֻܷɳǣ취ҽʦҩʦⶾ
ӳǰһʮصĵطڳǰһͤ
ͤ⣬һŶӵͽˡ
ÿһǶܿ
ͺڣǶȫо綾ҪԪѹнⶾڣѹƣͶˡ


1811 սʿ
ĶͨĽⶾûа취ȫֻѹƵãԲ̫ңǷ·ƹ֮пµʴԡ
ҽϵĶԿѹƲסˣҽְæ
СҽɣĳôЩһֱ޳ѰˣҪǻ˱Ҫշѣո߼۲Ż֡
ǰӳСҽڣǿˡҩʦǿǹҪСҽɣǽҰеջ񣬿һҪϡСҽȴơ
һͽ˶໥̸УǶСҽʮֵ𾴡
ҪûСҽڣӳҲԵ˵ķ٣ͽǵ棬ˮ١
ĶѲͨⶾһŸ𲻵̫ãԼ飬жҪĽⶾܽԽ
ĻĴۿ϶ҪӴࡣ
棬Ҳ
ܿͤУһµŮһ΢Ц档ǰһ˾綾ͽˣһᱦ飬棬Ȼֳ׭ҽ䣡
Ȿҽ䣬һ۾ܿһͬҲͨͼһķҽУԴҽͨÿһͨʱҽоͻһҳҪʹʱֻҪ߶ҽ䣬Ϳ˲ʩչ
ҽ˼òҽҵ£ѾԽķ٣ڴ׾УרŵҽţƣսϵĽʿҽڴУΪʢ
Уһҽʿ֮ǰĴҽʦзḻҽ裬ȻǵӦ֣֣еľ衣
ҽʵҽʿģҲͨһַͨ뷨֮䣬ܶ˶ǵȻ˵ҽ䣬ͬҲԳ֮Ϊ䣬Ϊҽͨ۶ͨÿһҽʿѡרҽҲѡר޶ܼ沢ߡҽ˫ޡ
ԣǧҪСҽʿһСľͻϴԲǺǵġ
ɶ
ֻŮҽһ㣬һǰʮʿڣȻ󣬾ͿһɫĶڳȡȥգۼ䣬û뵽ҽС
Ƕͨ
ĸһԴ۳򶾳أ۵򶾶۶ȵȡЩԴʵĸԻ۸־綾ǿͨϴͨĳ̶ֳϣⶾԴǶ֦ͨɣⶾԶɱˣͬԼȡ־綾֮ĳ̶ֳϣ˵һҽͨҪá
ȻǰСҽɣһʵߡھ綾ûʲôܻ䡣ֺһ֡
ɳ󲿷ֶֶ֮֮ҽһָ
һɫϡ
УȻԿϵ˿ڣǾ񣬶вɢԪõ
ҽͨ︴գ
ͨ˻ָ˿ڣָԪָֻȻȻĸоܹڻָ󣬸оӾлҽͨĸҽۡ
Сҽ壬
ɲͨˣʷϣҲŨīزʵһʡ¸ִ˵ഫǺʱˣ뺺ʱڣҽңСͶҽȤҽϵ츳ߣںСӵиҽҽθ׸ϣңѵģĵʮ
ʱһãķ۶빬Ϊйιҽ֮˵ȱȵ٢֮ҽѷɫһŮҽ
ߡ
ں£Ҳһ磬һУΪҽһֱҽ£СΪͨʹ
Ϊ˵ӳеߣܵͽ˵İܵܶ꿡ܵ׷󣬿ϧСҽɶЩ⣬ҽжˡ
ȡ˿ķá
ˣǻسһͿԳȬأ첻ҪȥˣȻڶлջĿԽԽ͡ʱо綾ֻء
΢Ц˵
лСҽɡ
ͽ˷׷ױȭл
УԵľ⡣
û˵ʲôǳֽ˵ľ綾ҽͨơʮ
ȻѾϰ߳Ȼ
֪УѾлȫ
Ҳɵ¶һ˿΢Ц
Сҽɣʲô
һһְĽĿ⿴˹ͻȻѯʵ
ҵеĲˣԵõҽΣȬܺúõĻȥƽ˵룬Ҳ顣
ˢ
仰һʱͻȻ䣬УâʢǺȻһöФǳǳб׵Ľڡ
⣬ǡФػ񡣡
ҵ죬СҽɱѡΪФػֱǲ˼顣
ܵͽˣӳеĿ£Ŀɿڴĸоͬʱӿֳ޾𺳡˭û뵽ĿһФػĻᡣ
ңǰģԼϤˡ
ڱѡеСҽɣȴһ¶Ȼı顣
бܵѡϿɡ
ǣǵõһФս׵Ͽɡ
ԸΪФػ񣬴аսסΪսʿ
һĻԺ
ȻȣԼھʲôФػĴ˵˾֪ȻһѡУǾһ졣
ҵȻԸ⡣ΪսʿҪﵽʲôҪ󡣡
ʶĿʼ
սʿػսףóսڸơʱ䣬Ϊڹ۲֮УҪаսףҪʴ֮ģܵõϿɡϲ㣬ѡС
ս׵黺˵жһָο
һֱΪǱѡеɡԣؼġ˽ףرʴȡƷ޿ޡ
ġ
鿪˵ԸΪФػ񣬴սףػףػ壬ػΪΡη޾壬ڣΪġ
ԸΪФػ񣬴аսףΪսʿػףػ壬ػΪΡη޾壬ڣΪġԥĸŷԼԡ
棬жԴ׵Ͽɡ
ˣܷԡ
սף壡
Է˲䣬һΰϣоüһʹţһӡǡǰаӡǡ
һ
ս׿ٸȫϣһߡͨɢ׹⣬սףģĹճߡһۿܸܵһʥ಻ַϢ
˭ܵõϴӡ


1812 λ
սںϣս׾ͨа⣬ػաȡսףս֮ʵ˽׵̨ʵ㣬޷ʱ䷢Ӱ˽սӵг߽龳սսԽǿսԽǿФػսÿһλսһʮФػȫλͬʱսñ˴սͬʱʮսʿȻóȴߡ
ĻԺп
սԴͨǶĴͨ
аа֣򷨲ƣ⸲ⲻҲܵκˣǰ޽ɣǿڸа˵ǾвӵмǿĿͺ̫ѩһ㡣һͻҵķӦ׽֮ɱ
ԣͨĳ̶ֳϣҪԡ
ػһʩչ鰲ο飬Ǹηľ񡣲ܵӰ죬ܵϵĹ־ͨмǿıػ֮
գһܻͨΪö̫ҫķҫ£Լһսʿ˲ָϱ׹ֻҪһܲһ£Ҫһѵ顣ֻͬҪԸ⣬ԻΪµĹ
֮
սϣѷɫ
߽ͬս
Фػ񴫳Сս䡷
սУһҲ˲Ϣ䳯ȥͬ統ַһٰɹת䣬Ԫϴתޡս䡷
תɣʱܸܵս֮䳹Ϊһ塣
һ̣ʽΪսʿһεθȻȻĳڼϡ
쿴һ£µФػ񣬽쾹ȻҪФػôһ⣬սô֪˭ܻս׵Ͽɡ
ʱλһФػĴ֮⣬Ȼ£ǵλФػѾѡ
ǺȻФ
괺ԸΪФػսʿ
˿̣ׯУһģȴһ֮걻УϸȥȻԿⲻǱˣǵμӹʢ괺
ҸֱǨƵ嫺򣬳׼ףΪװա˿̣ǱսѡС
ҾȻҲԳΪФػ񡣻еսʿȻԸ⡣괺¶֮ɫ漴ͱ˷ȡϵڱ
ФģǴ裬¸ҡһֲФ塣
ѡ괺ΪФױȵ϶ȡ
ԣФսףҲ괺ʮֵ׽Ӱ
û⣬ܿ죬괺͵õս׵ĴС
սףս׾ͨʱΣ¡¶ңս֮ʵ˽׵̨ʵ㣬޷ʱ䷢Ӱ˽սӵг߽龳սսԽǿսԽǿФػսÿһλսһʮФػȫλͬʱսñ˴սͬʱʮ
ս׵ĴУ˿սѷɫսϣʮ͡
̺ͨνʮְԵ
ʱһ֮һУöԷ˲ңز޷ֹĻ˷ָо൱¡
ԣõϿɡ
ûã괺ͬʱʺϣʥּõ뷷⣬ݴַͬҲʱ䴦£ǰԵн
˼괺ѾФػλѡߵٶȱеҪ졣
̧ۿգʣµǳֻоöҪ˶ãʮФȻλ
˿ڶ࣬ҪҵФϵ񣬲¡ɣѡģȻһ
괺˵İĴȻ˵СҽɵڴУɲֻӳУҽǼѧ˼òһͬҽͨı
괺ҲͨˡǰںǰһӾʮơõФսϿɣҲǿ⡣
˭Ȳϡ
ЦҡҡͷҲڴţФսʿ񣬻ӦʲôϡȣӦòͨˡһ㣬൱ĺ档
Фս׻ʣ߼ţ
ˡ
ڵٶȣʣļФսʿѾҪˡ
вûҪ棬ֻǿһա
۾ۺλǰڰٻԷȷѡ빬
ʱ󣬿˵
֮УһѡȻƺƴ󡣲ѡɱȹŴʳѡҪ򵥱ݵĶ࣬Ŵѡ㣬Ҫϵرѡɸѡ֮󣬻ҪͳһǣȻڸмϣǣĲ˵ԹŴĽͨ߹ܵҪִﾩǣҪʱ䣬Ҳֹһ¡ԶģҪꡣڣŮѡΣ;ķãǹٸḺʳסжᰲ׵
ҪȻѶȸ
ִﾩǺ󣬻ҪɸѡÿһɸѡǶһŰĹؿȵ빬ʱоųɾҪȥ·ԭأҲ˵ѡ㣬˲ƵľٶǵҲ׵Ŀѡ㡣һ㶼Ҫ꣬ʮŻһδѡ㡣
ȴҪдڣһ֮䣬òƷгڵŮӾʹӸɳǵִƳǡ
ȻþĹ͢Ůٽɸѡ
Ҫòϵɸѡ覴ãٲ֮ģͳͳȥ
پ֮عɰڲڡΣлֱǰڵأķΡƷвأòٳڣҲҪȥ
һĹؿÿһ㶼ˢ´Ů
ѡεٶȻʮ־ˡ
̶һ²Ѿеһ
һΣҪȷյѡ
ҲãǾ͹ȥɡ
ЦЦ˵
һ֣תŰٻԷ˹ȥ
ʱѾٻԷٻԷУŸ滨ļ͵Ķܿĵʺκλܣңź󣬿жһصĻ㣬Ȼ෱࣬ɻһγɵȴܺţá
Ļ죬˱ȻȻ
һŮȻڰٻԷһ㳡ڡϷŮŴǰŮ
Ů϶˿˿΢ЦüͦŴӣ̬Ѿ¶šȻ鶼ܲûΪѡŮʲôġЩּɡ
Ů໥̸Լ
⣬в٣ͻΪǽĽá
۾
̿ں
μ۾
ŮŮҲѾ߹У׷׿ڰݼ
ʽϣŮҲȻء


1813 ѡ
ƽ񡣡
׵ͷʾ
漴Ůߡ
۾ǴӴװѡʻŮһһλÿһλһòŮѡòģһָ빬õ뷷⣬ɷ
Ц˵
ܹѡŮһһμӵֹȴɸѡֻʣһ֪ľжôҡɸѡĹжôϸ棬ֻܱƴգɸѡȥҪȻģԲֻǰһ
ҲӲϣܹ֪ǰһλǺεȵĳɫ
ǣκһȲѷɫ
ν֮Ů
ɨӹȥҲһޡò˵ÿһλǸиķʡۼһ𣬼ֱ۾棬Ȼܵ׷
ң棬ϤӰ
Ǳˣ¹Ӣľͯʣ޻ˣ㣬滨ȻҲС
Ѽô¡
Ǳ¶һ˿Цѯʵ
λѾԷģôȥôҲøһˣμȻѡ㣬Ѽţһѡ֮СΣλãɡ
Цſ˵
Уȴһ˿ᶨ
¹Ӣףǿʮ֮ãһֱûӽ˼ȻһֻǣǰһֱڶУĴս˵ħսϸһȥʮꡣܶҲ׵ˡȻʿ˵䷴ʲô⣬ʮ꣬ҲǵָһӼ䡣
פҲ׾١
ԴˣĬȻ
¹ӢŮҪ˵ϲȻǼٵġ֮ģ˽֮ŮӣһǿҵռⱾһֱܡֻһֱܺܺõĿסֱܡǲŮӣüŮӣھ󽫣ڳУҲƹҪŵĹؼһֱұۡ
漰飬δһЩ仯
Ҳһֱûпڵԭ
ӢĿô
΢󣬿Ůѯʵ
ǽ۹ǻܷУսսɳ¹Ӣйâ˸漴ʵ
вûɵĹأԸ⣬ɿл˵
һЩ黹Ҫעġ
ˣԸ⡣
һ˿ᶨ˵
ŮŮӣһŮӲеҪս֤Լ֤ŮӵļֵѷɫУŮӼѾܾΪŮˡݵλϴһ֮΢ĩ𣬴ССկһ·ɳڵĵ۳ռһ
ֳɾͣûжŮӿԿܵġ
ŮӢۡ
仰Ȼܹϣȴؼ
ŮӶԣоĶҩ
Ҳ⣬ǵͨӡ
ѡŮº󣬶ûоܾһ˿ϲϾŮʼնҪ˵ģܼ޸УȻõѡû֮һ
빬֮ǿͳЩñܻ仹Ҫܻ䡣ѡǾûкڵء׵ͷ˵
¹ӢľŮ໥һۣͬʱͷ˵Ը⡣
Ҳ¶һĨ΢ЦȻֽҲ൱⡣ŮҲûƽʱ¹ӢҲǳ빬Уƣͬۡ
ºˣԺҾһˡԼҽá
Цſ¹ӢŮ˵
е׽ȫԱ׾ܸܵ
뷷⣬¹ӢΪӢλһƷܵ
ҲûгɣͿ뷷⡣Ҳζţܵٺ»ȻҵλҵλΪ׼ľųһƷҲһƷȻһƷΪ׼ҵλǲܵӵġ

¹ӢԸ˿Ҳɵ¶һĨ֮ɫǹĽ뷷⡣һСھ뷷һ£ͳ׸һˡ
뷷⣬ľΪλһƷܵ
м뷷

ľҲ¶һ˿ߺ졣
뷷⣬ΪλһƷܵ

ҲԥĽ뷷⡣УͬС¹
뷷⣬޻ΪҵλλһƷܵ
뷷ͯΪͯλһƷܵ
뷷ⷮ滨ΪλһƷܵ
һ뷷´ͬʱǵ֣Ҳڷϣڵλϸ֡ЩֻǴݣʵǵ֮ǰѾڷϡ
żŮҲǰ˿˿ĶŮνŮӣȻʣĲһͯʣС磬
õ뷷ŮҲ߳ŮĶУߡţǵݵλԵת䡣
ôѾҲڴ֡
пʣµŮ¶һĨɫ
治ǾҲѾ˵һŮĹǧŮ󣬶ûߣҲǳΪܵĹۣƽʱһ̸ġڵ۹Ҳǳ硣
ǾҲ˵壬ǧȴ塣УҲһ󶥼εǿ塣ݵλֻҪԸ⣬ȻϵУǰȴԸڴס
ò˵˼Σ˺׽
٣Ҳȫġ
ѾǷѾǺڣڻлᡣ
пǾ˵
˶ռȻǶѾû뷨ϾʷеĴ֮һ޶á
Ը⡣
ѾȻһЦУȷϵ
ף̫Ůˣû㹻ǿֶֻ̣ԴȪоõѡ
ãӽ쿪ʼΪλһƷܵ
׵ͷ뷷⡣
ǧ壬ңӦòһ㣬Ϊѡ빬
֮ǧעģǹǧĿġǲŪҲѷġ
ǴҪ̫óѡ빬ǧƽ˵УѴϿѶϢ
塣һĨɫ漴ЦãȻѡ񣬱Ȼûоܾĵ۴Ӧ뷷ΪλһƷܵ
УҲûоֱܾӴӦ
ⱾǸάϵŦۣȻûãǶǿķչݱʲô˭֪ҲǵһΣǧŮôԲ˿ֶΪãϹϵн
۹λźã۹У֡
һʣµŮͻȻЦ˵ǰЩǴŮӱ֮Ů֮ȫ빬У֮λȷ֮ʽ


1814 
һŮ޲һκʱ򣬶ǾŮңÿһʶޱȳڣҪǷųȥδЩ۹ӵйӵеŮȴ֮١
ŴͨеǶǺ󹬼ǧ
Ժʮ
νĽ
Դӵ嫺ӵжʮ׽ʮ׵˿ڣ۹Уֻʮӣôǵۻе࣬һպÿԳʵ۹
һ֪֪ףѡдıȲЩŮȫ£վüģģȻԷֶߡʱ򣬸ôӦԣӦ֡ٶӦ
һŮ׵۹ɵ¡
ԲأҲԽɡ
УûеӶյ˵
вǾԶǴ֮
˳֮
޾ˣһֱپ졣
ԣûлᣬ۹еŮҲû໥ʲôʲôദĸǢڴöһЩҲΪۼҿ֦ɢҶá
ȻѼѾˣǾһжûЦЦûж˵飬ֲԿŮΪˣȻûвϲĵ
ڴУ۹ڣλߵģȻǵۺҲǲ
ǹˡ
ҵλǷ˳֮λáĵҲǹҵλΪһƷٽҵλΪƷҵλƷ
ɻЩӵŮܷҵλԽһƷȴڷ֮¡ʾݵλ
ǵۼҵҵλɡ
ԣڵ۹Уž˵һȨʸ
ѡ㣬һ㣬Ȩ˵ҪȫȻڴͥǰӣⲻšοϲּ顣
ûоܾĵ
λԽߣػԽ
Ȼˣǳָһһöǵ۹е
֮󣬿Ըǣǳ֮ңӴ֮⽫Ϊе䣬ӽ䡣鱦ǱϺ󣬾ͳ׼ҵˡ
жָϵǳָߵһ¡ʱһöУһööӽƾ۶಻٣һöͬʱ¹ӢŮ˹ȥ
ǳָн鱦Ǳ
һǰǳָУȻһ˿Ȼģֱָ̧ۣһָָȻȻСڵʵĴСסָһף·һס
˲Ϣ䣬оԼ֮䣬ĪĶһܵϵ
ͬĳΪһһ㡣
ˣָԺһˣǳָһʮöһ룬СǳԺҶҪؼÿŵĹڹݶΪǳ֮Ȼ࣬ǿǳָ
Ц˵Уһ˿׺֮
ԡ磬Ծ׽С
ĸµĴϵõ֡
Ϊǳָԭǳ֮ȻȹӦ۹ŮӵŮǳָϣǳ֮׻ûȶĻȡħսϣҲȡ˺ܴһ㹻ġǳָϵöȣ൱ġ
ѡ㳹ɺ
Ҳûж
תȥȽͺáһжľ
˼ڰƶѡ㣬ǿ϶ҪŮ£ڱ棬Ȼ˿ֶΣ˭Ļ֡壬ǡ𡣡
а̧ۿա
ǰۿҪһŮпܷҳһЩߣǶۣûдп̽ⲻò˵ҪôûУҪôص̫
Щò
ҡҡͷ΢΢һ
ҹĻʱкȻĻصĹڹڣ¹ӢѾȺڡȻԲİšԴˣҲûԥЦ̤˽ȥ
һҹȻҽԴ
ڶ峿
¶Ź֮ɫ
ڣ֪Уٴζһϡöϳ߹֮ϣУȻܸܵһĵת·ܸܵһ쵶ѨһµĵʱܱذĿ·â
쵶ϣϣҪǷڱϣǾ쵶֮壬һϵ֮·ԿһǧΪжʶҲδزܡϧϾѣЩ̫˷ˡ
Цҡҡͷ
Ҫ˵˷ѣǾЩ̫ˡ
塣һɣͳһд쵶ϣͬڵһʱ䣬뵽ͼСֱһȫµսȫɵ֮۳ս
ҲãԽ࣬ҵսҲԽǿ
аһͷ
˱ǿûʲôá
ΨһõľǣԽ࣬ٶȣĵԴøӾˡ
ڵ۹УνǹһĽʵÿһң۳һö飬ڿٳµϡ
һʱ䣬Ͻ
ֻһǾǻ鲢ûпϣֱ뵽֮ǰѾٵ֮УΪıԴ֮ԭϣڣԴǣһڡȫµͨɣһ㣬ʵٴδ
ʱȻš
֪С
һٴιȥ
Уֵһ˵ǣµĹŹ֣ǴģһȻǴĵ۳ڽ򣬱ΪȸԴȸѹˡ

죬ʮ³
ƳϿգϣͻȻһҶȻܿһ޴ļ̳̳֡ϣȻܿķ˸ּĲת϶ã·ΰ
̳ôʱֻ֡ڼʱŻ¶ÿһΣȻдҪѵǴҪˡ
ѽӦþʥͥһ˿ŶԣӦòѡʱҲ̫ˡ
̳ڴеĵλ̫ء˲ǿ߱һĿաǲߣµҲˣ仯ȶ
붼룬һʱ۹
Ȼ򣬻ǰȥ
ֱӾͿһս۵У֪ʱѾգ̳ǰһ̤ϼ̳
ֵ̳ͬʱһε־˲ڼ̳Ͽա
̳⶯õģһ֣ͻ־עӣעӣĴ£ɣͬŪءǺ¡ġ
д˿̻̳Ȼͨ¡
־עӣȻȻɢһεѹ˷ɢݳȥһʱ䣬׾ڣգ׷̧ۿաƺܵ·о춯صĴ¼
һ
һ
̤ߡ
վڼ̳ˣ̧ۿա


1815 һ һ
׵۳֮ռأҴͨңѾͨ磬ϵңûͳһ۵ĽױߣҴԸ취򣬵ʿԿƾ¯ҡΪ²ȷϵۺˡ
ڴ˼أԸҳΪ֮ͨҡͨ£ᴩ壬淶ؽףֵϵܵϿɡĸǮѹǮˡ
һһ䣬˵ͬʱлһöϽɫҡĸǮ˸ؼ䣬öĸǮһöҡӡǮ֮ĸ
ʱ䣬ѾԽԽ㡣
¯һɱĳ֡
ͨ칬򡣻̵Ȧӣ¯һңۣǰĽ֪ʮַ࣬Ǿţܹ׿Խ֮ıݡ
塣
һЩ˳Уڿ¯ҲǲòѡһԼ˳ԼͨлңҲҪһȻ򵥵ҲȣŽȥһҡ൱˳еҴһٰӦıҪ֮Ķһ
ÿִٶȶӡ
ÿܵϿɾ͸ߡ
ȫǲʽɢ
ûвƣֱҪ̫ɡ
еңѾ塣鼰иҵ
ѾΪҡ
۾ҪأȷңҵݵλһĳɹҵĵλûκλҿԺ
һĨɫҵνǴ׵ĸ
۾ҪΪǴף׵ϸܳɹӴ֮󣬴ǰĵ·ͱͨ롣ֻҪȲǰУһһӡǰ·޾޿
۾Ҳǳˡ
Ȼһֱ֪ӰĴȴû뵽һεľٶôҾȻѾߵֵزȫǲ˼顣
¡¡
У־ۣƷһֻɫ֣֮һֺ󣬶ʱ磬ڵһʱ両ֳ˿ƳϿյĻ档
׵ۣ׵۳Ȼϼ̳ҪʲôѵҪʥͥ׵ķչٶȣȻôô
ҵ죬ʱ൱֣ŹȺͬʱʼ˵Ѿ˳ڷٷչ׿Ҳǲ˺ҪŪҪʥͥǾؼ䣬һʥͥ
һĻʿУǿҲ¶һȻı顣
˭뿴׵۳ĳΪʥͥɣǴڵ֡һ֦㡣ǻΪʸ֮ĵġ
ڼ̳мĻ棬ؼ䡣
ȻǽʥͥҪҳΪؼ䱻ϿɵңĺҲǺܶԸ⿴ģȻܹ¯죬ٴλָɽֻһ壬ܸ״ĺô
ɾ壬Ҳô׵۳ӵ޷Ĺâ
οԴ׵ĵ̣һõˣô״Ƶ۳ʥ֮ͥıݣ״ﵽҪҪġ˸оϾδɽƺûа취ͷῪˡ
׼
Уɫ·ĬĬעţƺֻһ䣬ҲƺȥǧءһεƾճԺУС
ͬʱԽɫУһͨ쳹صĽɫ˲ڼ̳ϣܿصĽ⣬ԴԴϵ뵽öϽɫĸǮСƺÿһ䣬ܿĸǮڷɱ䡣
ɱʮпԸܵĸǮУһȻĸǮѾɱ죬ңΪ鱦һƣڽ£ۿɼٶš
ֱ仯̫ˡ
գۼ䣬ĽûĸǮ֮ڡ
֪УѾƾȻֱɱ䵽ʮ㡣
鱦ʮؽΪ¡
һΪƷŵʮΪƷʮ˵ʮƷʮߵʮǼƷ
öĸǮµУȻ˼ĽʮأﵽƷ鱦УٽһǾǲ
ΪһԪңýǮӳ֣Ϊ屶һ㣬ؼһ㡣
˲Ϣ䣬Уκ壬κ飬ԺУУȻȻĸֳһѶϢѶϢɣֱϡ
벻֪ѡ
ҾȻĳΪؼңõؼӳ֣ʱɶ屶ЧֱǱ鵤ҩҪ졣
һұ֮ǰҪ֮Ķһٴߣֱ񼣡״˾٣׳нԴ֮ϸ
ʿ¶Īĸ֮ɫ
Щ޲϶ݡ
Щ˳˵ȻԼĻңжôҪǴҶͬһҲˣȴǱƿס塣ǵõ¯Ҳоʵĸо
βģҲֻͽκΡȫûа취ԸıȶʵҪǣΪˣҲͳ¯취ˣҲǸ൱Ĵۻȡһᡣ
û˭˵֡
屶ҸоıøӺˣ仯ңʱ屶̫ˡ
ʿʼԣסҾͿʼһ͸оҵı仯൱ƽʱ屶ٶȣȡԪٶȸˡ
ʵʱ߱˿̵õϿɣһ㣬ؼһ㣬屶ҵô֮һ
ͨһĻңÿϵһ㣬ǶǸԵͻơ
κңһڤ칬е̫ң屶ȣһöңԶһһöҡһǧöڤңһö̫ҡ࣬һ˲ͱ
ԭͬĲϣ屶ңڵ棬ȫ޷ܾġ
еĸӼֵ̫ˡ
Ʒ鱦ĸǮ
ֽĸǮУĸǮı仯ҲɰԵͷĸǮǽƷ鱦ҲûΨһƹ»ң̺ǮΪǮ֮ĸЩңָʱ֮ǰҪ죬ٶȣ֮ǰҪʮϡܹ۵ҡǮҪԶԶ֮ǰ
¡¡

ҵʸʱһɺ嫵˷۶˲ͱԥɽţͿ͸һ


1816 ͷж
ڶ̶̼䣬͵ɵĵزνǴﵽ۳ļޣңֱӴƼޣŸɱһΣҳΪңõϿɣΪߣȡˣֱǳӴǻشˡ
ܿצڲϱ
һһǧɣ
һǧɣ

գۼ䣬ﵽһǧɷֹͣģͱǡ
ԴԴϵ˻۶ֻǣٶȣ޷֮ǰȣʤڳϣ಻ÿʱỵ̈˵ˡЩˣԽ࣬ʹõԽ࣬ԽԽࡣҪġ
һǧɣ̫ˣǴ׵ڴﵽɽʥͥĵز󳬳Ǵ׵̸ۺ񡣽ʥͥĵ·ƽˡ۾Ȼǵ۾ΪҪһʱпʥͥĻᡣȻ۾Ϊƽ·ǽҪġ
ٶȣ嫺ȫƿ֮ڡȫȫԲڽʥͥĵ·УΪ׸
һ̣У׷а¶ġ
Ѿ˽ʥͥϣ
һڵڹԱȫܻþ޴ĺôĲ˵ҵλϵļӳ֣ͻᱩǳϵĺôû˭Ըеӡ
׿ʩϣµ̭ƶȣ׵˲Ŵ൱ˣѧԺѧУ޲˲ƣƾӱ˲ţڵȴλĻᡣϢҪʼпƾ٣ٴѡ˲ţһΣǴӽʮ˿ѡ˿ڻӣ˲Ȼ
ǿɲ볤ǰˣǰɳ̲ϡ
ǻŴףپ졣
۾Ҫھͽʥͥɡһ˭֪ᷢʲôɲǺʱ򡣡
˿ż̳ϵУаૣ˸ͷ
ǾвһУʱʥͥǾˣڣǿʲôû׼ã˭֪ᷢʲôֺ׼飬˳ϣǻᷢӵġ
Ȼǵֵǲûг֡
кܿʹӼ̳뿪еĻʧ
ֻҳΪؼҵӰ죬ڲĿʼ͡ңһ㣬ؼһ㣬ﵽ屶ÿһöҵļ۸񣬿ν˱ǣ֮У˶ȡ޴档һ㣬ȻϲáеܵģЩ˳
ζţǵĻҼֵѹˣǱֵ
ôʹˡ
ǣһЩǿǽ֮Ϊжд̡
˿̣ڴ֮⣬һؾռСͷߵıǺȻ
Ӱһ
ȻܿһۣһۣһǺۡÿһɢϢԵʮ¡
ƴˡ̣Ѿ԰γĵزھȻ׵۽ҳһԪҵĲΣ̺ӣﵽ屶Ʊػôٴǰһ󲽡ûа취ѹƣֻ´ױȻڷɡ
һĿص˵
ǰҾǴһֻڣֻǳҪˡ棬Ѿ޷ˡ
ײǴĻңһ㣬Զʧ壬ʼվڴһ
У˵Ѿ𣬷׵ĴoѾڴ׾ڽѡҪʥͥȻҪ񣬷ûôסڻײ׽δزץסһ㣬ٸһݴ񡣡
Ц˵
ڴף۾ɴûзɹ볡Ϊ˽־档
ײѡ֮ǰǿһȥ鱨Ѿ۹֮ڣңѾ׵Բ뷷Ϊӣƿõ֤ɱˮǱѳ׵ۡ
ͻȻ˵Ե쳣ɳơ
ģ˿ɶǵƿ֮УԸ񣬾ԲױѣҪ´׻̽꣬ȫ۸䡣ô鷳ȻȻ˵۹ǼֵѾһˣؼʱ̣öӿɲ׶ãһãͻ᳹ױ¶
۶Ȼ˵
ھͷУǱ顣ò˵ͷǿȻϢĲֵѡ֮УȻŵӾԲ٣۹ģȴֻһҲþͷϲˡǴĵһöӡؼʱãܲ޴á
һơ
Ҿڴ׾ڿһħߣΣô˰ȵĶȹҪش۴һ˿˵
ǲ̫ˡһħߣƱػ׵Ĺעܱߵĸӡ
΢΢ü˵
ҲǰȻħߣǾԲʲôС£ܹ춯صĴ¡
ģ磬ںʱڵ̫ͬɸӣҹвٴǱڣѾº֣磬˵ءһħߣֻС¶ѣøһЩƻʱ򣬸׵һЩľϲ
ۺԥ˵
޷Ŵ˰ȳɳôҪһЩƻ
һΣͳȥĴ
ֻҪѹƴףԸȥ
ǺãȻˣǾȥħһǴףҲҪͷöԲùѹѹúʡҲͷʾͬ
ǿɿô׷ٰȣŪôò졣

۹С
صĹеУüͷͻȻ˼£оһֲõԤи֡
Ѫҵ飬ò˲õ˼
΢΢ü૵
޷ģһº󣬲֪˻Ὣ֮Ϊжд̡޲γֻǣѪǾͿ϶С¡
Ҫֵעһ£Ƿʲô紵ݶͯʶһ¡
аԳ
ͯʣҲһȣͯʵͽСȴзϣڴ֮䣬νǱзζζ»Ȼڴĺܡ
Ѿ㹻ھ͵ʮФػλ
̧ۿգеǳв̶ͬϵı仯ƺѾҪѡߡ
ˣˡ
֮ûЩһ䣬Ѿڡ
ټϸУ޴ļ̳
ʮһɴͨԲΡ졣
Ǽ̳ĸ
ʱ䣬Ѿȹ̣ʽ̤ϵ̨СˣҪģǲѰĵֻ̨Ҫڸ֮ϣһ̳ɵһ׵С
аԳԴˣȻҲ׼
ѼʮѡҡЩҪرҪҪӦСϣӳս
Ҫĸֱںһ


1817 漣֮
̳취ʵѡ˵ﵽһεģ֪
ϣؿ飬Ȼ۳̨Ǹ̳ĵڡĺûζţĳɾͣһ̨Ȼ޷̫ǿļ̳
̳Ҫ죬ΪţУǣԣŹɷ졣ļ̳һ֣ɼ̳һ׵Сѡﲻͬͳļ̳ƷҲв졣ĳ̶ֳϣûģֻǻü̳ĳԡ磬ż̳Ҫ̺һͣ;֮ɽʱ˺͡
̳֮ü̳ޣķ
ҲҪ֮Ŀܡ
ом̳ҲҪӵ֮һͣӵ֮ԲεĴǿ档
˵κһ֣죬ǣܷõӦ
һż̳ҲԼһ̳̳ԽߣǿȻֻһ㣬ͬ⡣һҲֻ֧ǣ̳ü̳ǿӵиļӳ֡ػ
ٲ㣬ʵҲһ̵ֵ֡
̳죬ֻڼ̳һУſ죬һɱ䣬̳̺ͻϨ޷ߵļ̳ȼϣڵԲ̨
аԳ
ݵõĴУ۳ɫ̨ļֻֻ̳̥Ǹѣÿһ㣬ġȥһ̥ѣļ̳ãļ̳˵һֳɳɱ䡣
Լļ̳Ҫʲôģһ㣬ǺѾġ˭֪Լ̥֧Լٲ̳ȻЩһ۾̳ܿʮ鸡ģǾͿ϶ܹԤϵյļޡһ㣬пܾǼޣֻһ㡣
ңһ㣬̳ʱ붮󷨡ͼӦΪһ塣⵱УͼҪһ
̳ԽǿսԽǿһΣȻлᣬǾ;ԲܴһҪ㲻ĸ󷨲ȱھͿӵеﶼж١
аԳ
һּ䣬ǰâһһѾϵĳǰ
ܿЩﶼһͬص㣬Ǿǣ˴˼䣬ûɢκιâͨľ͸ѰͨƷһģһȫκ
ϡﻩһѵĳǰ
Щǧٹ֣ռȻףϾҪҵҪԵģû㹻ĻԵǿˣҲᵱͨƷ֮
ЩǴ˳װռħսжһҹսӶò˵ռϣ˳ŵơ
ż̳ˡҪѰ̺飬Ҫˡ
пǰһѵҲ¶˿˿Ҫ֪Ǻȷ̺漣֮ⷽ棬Ҳʮóһϸ̽顣
Ȼó
ǳΪ鱦õɱѾﵽһּΪ˵ĲΡ
СΪǽѣǰ㣬ǰҲһǶۻ𡣡
һֻСӳǰ¾ڷ裬ǰ˵ﶼһֲܵ£漣ƷΪ漣һֱ漣ͫ׶漣֮䣬ʱ˿ڣȱһɡÿһǲɸƵġÿһǶһ޶
Сһ˷ܵ˵
һӿ˶˵ʵڣҪѡ
ֱһɽɽǰ
ˣһöʯ̺֮Ϊż̳Ĺһָǡ̺֮һʯͷ棬̺һˮΣˮ̺֮ȫż̳
Сӿɨǰһ˿˿˷ܣٽŪɲͨǿֱӹż̳Ҳ򣬾רŵļʦҲҪķѺܴһϵһ뵽̳УûӦƽе漣֮ɵĺǻü̳޷죬ǲһƻܶոս̨ǿߣΪ֪̺漣֮ʲôͣش˸Ҳδ
ܺãǾȹż̳
ԥľó붼롣һ䣬ͽȡڣϸУ޴̳ϡ
ţԥֱӳ̨ȥ̨Ｘ˲䣬ȥ
Ŵ󣬾ۣ
һ̨Уͷ·˴󺣡
󣬾Ŀ£˲γŴ󡣶ʱܵԴԴϵķΪһɫ棬ﳹ׸ڣڻУȻܿķ仯׷׿ʼڻڻͬʱȻĻΪһöϵķģϸȥĺ죬ͨģ漣֮ļġģ·и
漣֮ط
漣̺֮ĶһصĻУܹԪȻȻɱɼġ
ģֱ죬أˡ
ÿһ·ĵ
ڼ£׻Ϊĺ󣬶ʱͿöͬʱų貵ĹâŴȻתųۣΪһ̳һǼ̳ŶӦܱߵϽˮ㣬ż̳ȥż̳ۿɼٶȳʵۡת۾ͻΪһʵʵļ̳Բε̨֮ϣΪһǼ̳
ͺһȻһ̳һ
̨Сˡ
ż̳˲䣬оķ֣ײ̨ѾϢУСһȦȻǻΪϣż̳Сż̳һһּ鱦Ķζ
Ǽ̳Ҹо̳ڣ޴ڣܡֻһż̳Ϳ׵֮һһ֮ӳ̳֡ʱ޿̲ڵļӳ֡ʿķֽߡҲĵ̨ʿ
һĸܵƾ̳ʱ޿̲ϵ֮صĲ
ܿż̳ϣģڲ˸ãĹ켣ת϶ء
Сԣҳ̺֮
пûڽֻż̳
㹻ȻҪ̳


1818 ۼ̳
ˣСԽںһööУ̺ԣټһö̺̫֮һö̫֮ںϣԹ̫̳
СͻȻöȡ˳
һǻҲʯͷʣ飬һɫһɫʯ濴Ҳ֮
Ȼܹ̫̳̫ˡ
ҲûԥɵĽܽ飬̫̳ܹȫΪ̳ĸ֮һûгɣܿ죬̫̳͹ɣκķѵԴ࣬ȴȫֵõģ̫̳У˸Ż磬öϼģԹܹ֮ͨͨ
һۣʱ͸оؼĹӵĽ׽
ﵽ̨̳ѣҲס
ҪռҪʱķռϣ֪Ϊûռʼͣڵһ׶Σ޷ָоܡҪҪռʵ̫ˡ
ͬҪռҪģʵģ͸ѡ
Ҫϸ̽顣
Щһ谭
ȻõҪˮɵḶֻ́ҪӦĹ󷨣ģ׾١Ȼ̳
ң̫̳֮ǳ̫̳Բεļ̳ͳż̳棬Сż̳Ҫ󡣽ƺܿڰ̫ͼڼ̳תһ˸á
̫ǣΪػˮ硣Ҳҵĵ
СԿٽ̺֮ѡ
ûгɣѸּ̳̳
Ḷ́ͬˮɡʵ̫ǿˡ׾͹̳棬öĲ˸·ܹͨػˮ硣ʹĿٵ֮
м̳ȫһһһʱ졣
Сٴ
ǿʵȻϲѡ޲ñøǿ
Ҳȱ
Ҳſʼм̳
ʱмģм̳ҲѸɡ
Уԭȵ̳ҲڽϵСΪԴԴϵϣɾһ̳
ⲢǼޡ
м̳
ٴοʼѰǼ̳Լ̳Ź̳ȺǼ׵۳ĵ̣ڳɾһˣǴսʮĻۣħսϵľջ
̳ɷ̳ûѡֱ졣
̳У̳̺ɷּ̳֮ңֻҪѰǳ֮ȫֱ̳ɷ̳̳ɷС졣Сһˣʮ塣ȫС̳¸ԺֻҪȡںϵԽС̳Ϊ̳֮ܵӰ졣
СԿٽ
Դ׵Ҳûа취ҵ̳ȫС̳ﻹ㹻ģ̳˭ģǿҪʮǿߣһӶռ
ã͹С̳
׵ͷʾͬ
СҲɷ̳ҪõĶࡣ
һǰδеһﱻɷģ಻٣һöÿһö˸Źϵĵϡһ˸ǹļ̳֮ۡһۣܿԭӴ̨ѾĴ롣ʣµĲ֣Ȼࡣ⣬ֻһ̳ͻ᳹׺ľ
йļ̳ÿһ㶼ǿһۣʵ塣
һ㣬׼ʱռ̳ЩУǷӵ̺ʱռ֮
ֻʣ²ϵ̥ȻҪļ̳
еģһöɫ̺ʱ֮һУ̺ռ֮еУҲֻ̺ʱ֮СԿѡ
Ȼһö顣
ĿãҲһĨɫ
öоʮֵϤֵõһöڰѪУõؾ֮̽û뵽Ȼ˵󣬻̺ʱ֮
ʱռ̳
գûгɣһ䣬ѾȥѸݱʱռģȻ󣬻Ϊһ̳޾ˮһ㣬ʣ̥ȫ۹ȥΪһļ̳ԭȵ̨һգΪС
ȡ֮ģһ޴ľŲ̳ϸС
̫̳ż̳̳м̳Ǽ̳Լ̳Ź̳̳ʱռ̳
Ų̳Ϊһ壬
ÿһ㣬ʵʺеľںϴ͡䱾ϣκ鱦ѷɫΪﵽ̨ǿ߶ԡһ̳ĸǿ֮κ鱦ǿһ֤
˼̳Ϊۼ̳
һȻ˵
Ų̳Դ֮󣬾ĳɵ
һ̣ſ֮Ϊһĵ̨ǿߡۼ̳׵ĵеȵԼκʱҪĸǿ
̨̳
ֻ̳ǵһ׶ΡĳһסҪ̳ڼ̳УԼֻҪһǽˣҲڼ̳£õԸٴθڣ˵Ѿõĳ̶ֳϵĳ䣬Ҳܴʱճٴ
ҪеĶӡǡ
ÿһǿߵǶһ޶ġġڼ̳УһֶλáҪԣԳ
·ԶὫ¶
иۼ̳ı仯Ҳɰһ˿п
ˣҲжԿһΣյĵﵽ̨Ǿؼǿߣ֤Ҳ״ɱһεĴܡд׵۳ǰš

ڴ׾ڣһƬС
ֻڰ׺ӰͻȻں
ڵλã뺣棬ֻʮİޱȣɺĹâҲûа취ﳹ
λþ
̧ɨܣͷ˵
ҪԥħͨͲ֪һδ򿪵ħߣͨʲôħܶһ׸֣д鷳
ۿ˵
׶µļʵ̫ǿˣۿνҹѲӡһǵϢԻһʱͨ£鷳ԲС
ţħͨȻ״޴ѡ
Ц˵
һ֣ٴֶصӡź״ȥ
¡¡
һ̣ͿһĺףͻȻһڵĶڣڣֳе״̬һƬ䣬ȴɺˮ·һֶصıϡУȴܸܵһֿµ֮ɢݶܱߵĺ࣬·ܵţ׷Ӵܡ


1819 ħ ޳
ħߣħߡ
ᴩҹرݣͨģҲͨ򣬶ҹУŽħĿֲƽʱҹеĸǿ壬׿»ȥС
ħߣȫͨſµĽµħ
һܳȥɾ޴ƻ
ʮֿ¡
ħһ򿪣һħеħŵߵϢ͸Ϲɱߡɾ޴ƻ
ҲҪġ
𣡣
һϲãħħд
ħѪŴĶħޣϹħޡû뵽Ȼ򿪵һħδ׵۳ҪкϷˡ
жʱһ̲סЦ
һͨħǸħУǼΪֲһħϹħޣҹУҲηĴڣûǣֻɱ¾ƻһ֮ΪѪʳഫЩҹʱѾڵĿֲޣЩޣЩҹܶԸǲɱǾһȺûǣֻǿҰޡȴܷǵǿ
ߣħߴ򿪣ɢϢֻ׵۾
Ц˵
˶һۣ֮Ӻʧ
ʧĸʱһôϢ
ˣ
ƳǣС
ضͻȻ䷢𶯣һö䡣
ãضиӦϷ쳣ʦռ
صضǵķˮʦһɫ΢䣬æ˵
˷׷׵ִ࣬ضǳֵı仯Ѹٽռ㡣
ǶϷ򣬸㣬ӦǺ׳ּ䣬޴ֻǣ׳ֵı仯Ǻ̽飬Χ̫󡣡࿴󣬻˵
㣬Ϸд֮ס
ռ󣬵óĴ֮ס
ײ꣬Ҫ۾
׵ͷ漴
ͨҲˣ֮ףһ֣϶д·Բ⡣
ĹС
ǰ
΢΢üϷ˵ոսȷΪؼңϾͳִ֮ףǲۺӹ۵ҪŪʲô۶ӡ
ɺϡ
ؼûôɺϡ
ҿ϶棬һʲôĻڰе
۾ֵܱϷ鵺򣬺д䣬ͻȻХХпħֻܸ֮ܵڲںХѾ鵺ǰģǣ˾޴ĺХδܹȻкХ̺ĺޣֻ»޳
ͯ˽˵
ϣܿһ˿Ů˰ζһݹ
˿̣ϻܿһ˿֮ɫٽֵݹܱ˵
۾дܱϷ鵺ֱ䣬ХХ޳ϯɳǸ漱Ҫ֧ԮʱҲڵһʱ˹
鱨ֵܹõУţ˵ȶܵһʱȡֻʱȺѡ
һݷ鱨ϵĳǰ

к
΢ڡӦ
֪ͨУȫսţھսԴʱ׼սαǰ˭ڰҴסл˵һ¶һ˿
ý̨۳ۼ̳һʵɱ䣬Ҫս֣ʵ״ﵽʲôĲΡ
ǣ۾
ͷʾͬ
׵ʵ̫ˣвʺڣһ֮ͿԹͨս磬ǲԴԴϵĴ֪ͨȥŶԵһʱӦⷢ𹥻
ˢ
һ߲ʺջеѾһʮɳСܿɳڣֽźϢиִе׺ڸֵǷ֮ϡܱߵĺУʢ飬ֵ˿ͣҩкôνеز
һֱڴ׸ɳУײ㣬ʮַƽʱŴͽˡԺޣǲɼ顣˿̣ۼеͽǼΪӴ˵ֺХǵ޳󣬴˸Ĺâûֹͣ
ԴԴϵͽ˴˷۶
λֵܣ˵еĻƽǲ࣬ÿγ֣Ȼž޴գҲо޴棬޳ǲܴǴ֮Уûث֡ȻˣеѪͬǻȵġҴ񣬴ӲηսһҪڵ޳ĴսУɱǵķɡ
һͽ̤󣬴˵
ü䣬ϵսȫڲס׾ܸܵ
񣬴ηս
ͽ˸ıԵڵѪÿ춼岫ɱһսޱȷḻ
ͽǰ̵ĳϳǽ
ٳԶ
һҲɫ䡣
޴İ˴߿ƽɽϯκεǰᱻ˲ݻ١ǺХУȻܿĺްһĿ¶׹⣬ʮ׺ݡ
Ҫ˶ãȻ῿鵺ǽ鵺ûȥ
Щ޲޳ǵ۾棬кһַԱܵĿ־壬·ʲôսʤĿֲڡ
Ͽգеվգȴû¶ΣڰգԶ˿ȴһ۾ͿЩ۾Ŀ־塣
ں£
ʲôĿ´ڣȺ޶ܵĳ嶯
۾ԣ⺣ХǺ޻۶ɵ޳ΣոԴΣգʹĿֲҡҡȣ˵
Ҳܵһ˿ͬѰϢ
޳֮󣬺ȷʵоʮֲһϢ
ţȲ˵ɳǶз硣ֻҪ磬㹻ʱڵֵ޳ХÿǴ׵Ѿɳʲô̶ˡ
׵ͷ
ûϳ֣ǵǰ˼޳㲻ʲôΪһο飬״ҪݵĹңֻѪУĳɳ
ѣܹԼģֻԼ
ǲǰֵиڴǿƾԼֵܵס޳Ϯ˲꿪ȫȡóɾ͡ɹ
ʵ֡
οÿɳǣеȫߡ
ͽ˵ķӦٶȼ죬ܿ˳ǽУŴǸսǽϻرÿɳǵرһҲפءͬ
¡¡
Ӧ󣬺ХѾϯֲĺҪĤơ
ػ
Уǳ캣ӡշ𣬷һϺȡ
ӡ֮ųһƱ⣬ɳǲӦصķĴɳи֡


1820  ţ 
˸һ޴Ľƽ˲佫ǳڣӽɢĹâܿȻĴݳһذĺ֮ƽ磬ɳΪһ壬֮µΪһ壬ṩԴԴϵԪ֧Žתɢǿػ
¡¡
ڽ翪һ룬캣ХѾײڽϡʱ߷·ײһ㣬ҵĺֲ֮嶼ھҡΡƽϵĹâڲϰ˸ԪӵйעС
ѸٲԽϵġ
ɳǣÿһǿޱȣǿ󣬻۵ʹɳ֮£ޱȣֻҪ𣬲ɿݣ޷һƽ糹׻ƣԵס󲿷ֹ
ХֻȻɵѡȻƴƥ
Ƴһķ£ܹ֣𶯣ȴʼû
Хµģǵһ
ֻҪסˣĺˮͻܷ
סˡ
Ǵ׵ɳǣǺХҲ빥ǵĳǳء
죬޳ˣֵǣɱѽ
޳ѹȥǴ׵ĽԲһȺӲ񡣡
ǽϣͽ¶Ժ֮ɫͬս⡣
ɱɱɱ
һɱУǽϵķ˲䱬һ󽫾޴޳ͽˣ׾нʿ̧󣬷Ľϻеȫȥܼļ꣬˲Ϣ䣬ͽ޵ɴ⬣Щ˲ЩûҲ޵ȳࡣ
Ĳ
׶ڷ޳飬νǾḻټϴ׸ǿսȵȣһսϵĴɱǣûеִǽ£ʮ֮һ
ʹѹ޳еݡ˵ֵǣɱѽ
һͽһŶӣٿʼ޳𹥻
ֱվڳǽϣùѹƣǴָͨ裬޳Уʱɾ޴ɱޱɱ
޳Ѿʼǽ
һԳǽ𹥻ƽ緢𹥻ڽĻ൱£ϾͬиָͨȫȥƻɱȺХҪǿ֪١綼ᱻơ
ԣ޳һζķأõİ취
õķء
ɱɱ޳ȥ
սף壡
սף壡
սף壡
˲䣬׼ɱ޳еͽˣ׷׷ϺȣϹâ˸䣬Ȼܿһޱս״ڸ֣ٸȫЩԼԭʼսסÿһǾսףǿң̺ƽʱ֪ΪǵֵٴΣա
ԭʼü׾ǿĳɳԣνõĻ飬ܹ׷һ
ԭʼü׸Ǿиÿﵽһײ㣬һͨһһл鱦ҲܾһͨⶼǿսĽݾ
һü׵ͽˣгһ޳սһһһӰٳ޳У趯Ϊһ⣬һֻֻ޶ÿһ磬Բ׽ٶȼ죬ü׶ٶм£һ˲ܴ̳ٽ鶯ޱȡ
ü׵ͽˣóһھ޴ĻȻ󿪴ϣն䣬Ѫȷ硣ƣƺ֮ķ
߻ü߱ޣ޷߰㣬ʮֹ춾
ָԭʼü׵ͽ˷׷׳ǽ
˴˼ĬһСӣ໥ֵ֣޳
гǽϵ֧Ԯͽ˲û·磬޳е޷ҵĲɱѪսţޱɱҲͬһͽ޿񱩵ĳ£ش䣬ѪȾ̿ա
սһʼԵ쳣Ĳҡ
ԣһռơΪϣϣװյǣǿ󵽲ЩѷɫĵزսУӵо޴ơ
ͽ˽սϣͷ·һ᲻ɴݵǽӲ޳档ϳǽϵѹƣȻ޳ǿеǰ棬޷
۾ֵ޳ͽ˵Щ̫󣬲ǰѹϾҴ׵񡣡
ֵҡҡȣ˵
ͽҲǴսһ֣ʵûбҪ޳̫ࡣ
˲ΪԼΪԼŬǾսɳҲ޻˵ڿȷʵûй۶ǵ˽Уûдѣ;еֵǿ
еͷҪۿǵѪԣҪսɳ޳Уֵ޳ÿһ˵ΣͬҲǴ׾Ρ
һҪǲǰѹ޳
ʱ̧ۿգһĨɫЦ˵Ҫоϲ
Умöǳڲ˸ƺĳ־
ФػҪˣңƬսС
Ҳ̧ۿһգ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫҲеı仯ʱҪеǲǰͷʱѹȥ
ţûãͿһͻȻ
սֵλãȻԿһԳüףһӣĻγһӰӲͷ­ܵʬǶѻɽɱʮֿ񱩡
ʱ˲䱻ֹ
УܿһԳ췢ŭƺҪ춼ͱһ
Ǻսףѡĵ˭
Ŀ£̲ס̧ۿȥԺʶĸֳһͷФѡػڴѾİ˿̣ȻȣǺ档棬˭ܹõФս׵Ͽɡ
ԣ쿴˱ѡС
ڵһФոʱͻȻ䣬ٴγһ⣬ǵУȻԿһţķ̤֮£ѡ
ţսѡߡ
һ棬չ¶һս׵
Ϳ£һ룬Ŀֺ׶ޱȵĴվڴƬʬУһھ޴˫սѾȾ졣˿̣ͬϻ¶ϲ֮ɫ
쿴ֹ˱ѡСսҲѡдߡ
һ̣ڵİҲǳ׾ˡȫû뵽һ̣Ȼѡߡ
ţ󣬾ȻͬʱִߡζţһɴУʮФػֱһλش
˭ȻôһսҲ̫ײˡ
Ŀ⿴õս״еλãҲ¶澪֮ɫ


1821 ػ
ִȻԿһʮֹŹֵսս󣬲Ȼĵƣ൱״СսԸգ֪˸շ󷨣˸ʯıԸգӵз֣սڣһűһԵŮȻ档
в˸鶯Ĺâ
ܣҲһȦʬ
ϸȥЩʬϣ鲼Ÿָ˺ۡ磬бܼĺ붴˲ںϣ˸Ĺ⣬һ۾ܿĶ綾ԼѪʮײС
ЩȻС̺ͬ綾
ڷӵеȵȣǧٹ֡
綾룬ӵȵȣȫԿĳЩǰıУԿķڣзǹǹ׵ȵȣĿú̲סҪһֱһ⬣սɱ¾µ˷ָڱ滹з֣Ǵ⬣Ǹڹǡֱײе㡣
ҪǣսеģȻһλŮ˸е̾ˡ
üҴеŮӣѪ֮
ܱʿҲɰ̾
ʶɣĪ֮¡սѡУĻԵ
ʶŹӣҲͽˣڻҰУʮνպաҲ壬ͽУСֵ޳ҲǺη
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Ҳ׵ͷЦЦ˵
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Фս֮ǰַõУȡս׺󱬷սǺεȵǿᣬֱӺһ岿䡣
һλҺ˵˵ӣּͨգҽŶݼףطģаһͨڲѧУǿһպŮӡ˵һֱΪԼһƶĻսĪǾǰһ
ʿԾ̾
˵ӣҲ֮
ڲѧУҲһλŮӡѧԺѧԺеĵʦԵ򣬾ȻѸپͨԼ򡣾һż
ս˵ȡΪսֱƵ籩֣滨룬ǹл֡йƣлνλһ塣漰ֻأģȵȼա
ͨʿ漰һţҪһȥСмżաôģһĶš
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񱩵˲佫Ӳϰգڿдķһ֪ȥˡǻ棬νײеĺܡ
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ҵĹԹԣǿФػôǿս龳Ҫǿֱͨǲ˼顣
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һ޳Ǵ׶ػǺҡ
Уͽ˶һޱȳȵĿ⿴ˡս𺳵ǡ
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Ŀ⿴¶һ˿ء
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ܿԶֵֻֱͷƤ顣֮󣬲ɣǳͷ­һһʮƵħгʮ˶ԣգɢµħ棬βҲܿ£·ЫӵβֹͣһоЫһβ


1822 βħ
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ĴڣΪ˻Ϊǰ
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ãִš
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ַûгɣ˶ʾӦ󣬺ԥһ֣Ȼ䣬Կһ޴Ľƾճ֣ڽӺȻǴսӡ
ۺۿɼٶȾͣ˲ϢѾﵽɴС
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һĻ־㹻ʵħһϸߵ͡Ƿֳ
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ҵսǿˣФػ֮ôȻǿ󡣡
ַʩչͨʱ͸оս֮ǰǿ߱Զ֮ǰҪǿĶ࣬ǿ󣬸Ǵš
ս
һԵסħ
ɫѾħǰһ˲ͽħڣĳţƺҪѪƬΪһ̯ࡣ
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һ룬Ϳսǰħײȥ


1823 
¡¡
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սײ棬ʱͱֲƻɫ˲һУܱߵĺˮܱȫ̫浱У󺣡һ龳ȥ̼䣬ճɻҽΪ촷ۡ
ħȴӻ£һڹתһĽ̫泹赲⡣
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ôܣǴսӵǵ̨ҪСľ裬գȻħһ˶ûУôܣ˲Ŀ޵У޼ɣ˿ƺ⡣
ֻħǴʲôطðģǰɴ֪Ǵ׾ڻ˿µĹҪУҲӦòŶԡ
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ַĿã¶һϲԥķٿ˵

ڻʱַԥѡ׽ս׵ȫһϢһ¾ͳ׽˽ײΣҲǵ̨ĲΣ־·һɲǼ䣬һ䣬ͿԵΰǰ˽׵ΰ
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Ԭ־Ҳ˲ﵽ˽ף߽ͻȻ仯Ϊ߲ʻ꣬ħϯȥʮѤˡ

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ڴ˿̣ȴԥһԶѸٺ£ȫ·һ޴
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ȻФػ鱦Ĵս׹ȻһȻԾǿս˾̾Ͳ֪£ܷɱħ
еҲ΢΢˶٣ƻȷʵֵ˾̾
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ţսĵϢûгͷħû
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1824 
ߵ̨Ĵͨͬʱ֮£ħҲ޷׵ֵеĸ֪ܹĸоϢڷ½ȴʼûϨǿĴţȻħǿĹҲûһɱ
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ͨͨ
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޷
ѾΪ鱦ۼ̳ӳ£Ǳڵ̨ǿƻâ޾ħǿ£Ӳϡ
ͿһѪħϸ֡Ѫ˿ӿ֣ħǼΣƾǿӲ˿ϣٻָɴ˿̣˿ϣȴһֿµָ֮ޱȵĻϣһ֣ͱ
˵ϡȻˣǾͱߡ
пԥһ䣬ȻԿһ޴ɳѾƾճڴϿաǱģǴ׵۳Ƴǡ
ͽ
Ƴǽٺûгɣһ³
ʱͿƳУһõƾճ֣Уִһ޷أ·ܸܵ޾Ԩͨ޷ڡ
ţۺͳžβħ˹ȥ
ħƺܵΣգܵľҪԶߡϧϣԴشҪӴܣѾ
ȻģͿŴֻ΢΢һͽħ˽ȥصƾճ֣ħڡȻ䣬ʹʧһʱѹɳǺ֮ء
Ҫɳǵ׽ѹ
һţͽΪʵʣΪһͽ


1825 
βħûг䣬ΪǿǸ㹻ʱ䣬˿ϵ֮ᱻӴ嫵һĥϻָ־ȴʼû
˿ֽ̱ȥϳȡħԴ֮ʱȻ⵽
ħû̫ǻֻۣɱ¾ıܣɺѱҪŵںϡ
ֻϧַɳǵΰǳˮнڿûԨħĸ־ڡɳǵѹ£νķС㣬ϱѹȥ
ϳȡԴ֮£ܿõۿɼٶлΪʵħУϢԴԴϵ½ܸܵڷķŭ벻ʣǱܵĿ־塣Ҫѣȴʼ޷
ֻУϱɡ
̶ʱڣѾħĺ
ţۡ
⻭棬Уһ¶֮ɫ
ǿǵ۾ʵôȻһ֮£ͽħѹˣڻ̽УʧˡǸոս޵еħô
ȻǴʲôʵһħܺġֻҪ۾֣Ȼ
۾꣬۾ꡣ
ʿͬʱ
ǲܱģֻҪ֪֮ǰΣճʧˣϲ¡
пеĿУԽӵĿȾη
ַĿãҲһȻеսӵ̡ɲⰡ
ͽվβħҹеĶ̫ħޣײб壬ƻΪ֣ħУͬײޱȣڳΪͽѾӵڵıԴһǿľβħΪͽ
ӸܵͽѾۣʱ˷ܵĳ˵
һȻȲѪħţħţǱȴδػѷɫ
ܺá
иܵɢϢҲǰԵͷͽ۳ʵʺ󣬷ɱ䣬䱾ϣѾκ鱦ѷɫӿ¡
ȻǾβħͽͽСţԺħޣһԽ䱾Դȥ׳ͽԴǿʵ
΢󣬿˵һͽ˵һǿ߾ͲˣֻҪǿһձԴ׳ԴͽУݱıԴӡǡ
磬ԺһħʲôģͽԺҲһħٻսԲͽǿ֮
漴Ҳʼԣһ䣬ͽ֮Ȼ䣬һڵѾɳǰϣֳβħͼʮ¡
𣡣
ڵУƺϵħ޺𡣴̽УţͿһ޴ħ̤˳ϸȥһħϣ֮ǰħûκ𣬶һɲֻСֻаɸߡȴһεѹ
Ľ۷սоβħȫңУӵҳڴ׵ӡҳϵܲҴ׵ٴӡ
иܵеѾ֪һħսﵽĽײΡ
ңֻҪԸķԸ֮ȻȻǿħ޵Ʒʵӵףף߽׵ʵͽǿ֮
Щ˵ʵ򲻹ת֮Ѿɡ
۾ħԲͻȻðǰûκϢȴͻȻ֣ңϻҹϢħֻ»ҹصѶϢ򵥡
˵ɫ䣬˿ûɵ˼
ħһ㣬ҵԴҪһ㡣
۾Ըǰһ̽ҳħֵĸԴ
Ԭ־˵
ħѾϾǵĹڸϣϽֲ̽ħԴȻǺֲܺһ£еĵλ
ǲФػֶ
Ҫ
ţ߸һǰʲô֣
׵ͷ˵
ǣ۾
ַ˶һۣͬʱӦһΪߵ⣬ֱС
ǵܿ˳ħĹ켣ҵףңһʱ䷢ֳںǵ޴ͨڵͨУɢħ˰Ȼ
ȻħǴðġͨȻڴ׾ڣȫһֵ˼顣
ô죬ҪҪȻȥ۾
ѯʵ
ǰͨǧɾ޴˭֪᲻ŵǻ᲻ƶв̫¡
ˣû뵽ҴҲһħͨ˼
ȷҪҪʱֻѾǰǰͨе¶һĨ֮ɫ֮ǰڹĿùħߵľǰûʲôɢϢͬģ̺ҹϢһӶǵġ
ħߣȷʵͨҹңͨҹĳؾ֮С
ǰӦûħͨŶԣͻȻֻֿ֣ܣһ֣ﱾħֻͨǰû¶ܵӡ֣Ƿӡ飬Ȼ֣һ־Ǳڣкְп١
Ŀһ˵
һ֣ħ߳ǴУѾǼȶʵħ޷ӡ٣ڵʵ޷ӡ֮ǰħħͨħӦһ̺̫ħ޵Ľ򡣡
ҡҡͷ˵ĿһƬ䡣
£Ȼͬһ㣬ʲôԭѾΪʵħҪûн϶ǲеġ
ħ߼Ȼӡ˵ĻǾֻѡѹ̫ħ޵ǿһӣ޷ѹˣֻͽ
ɫص˵
ħΣ۾͸һš
һּ䣬ȻԿһɫĹų֡ڳֵ˲䣬ͷٷŴգۼ䣬ʹﵽǧɣħȫڡħߵĶڣŵĴСͺħͨ棬һһ
ڵħ⣬˸ɫ⡣
ȻһռŷֳͶӰ
ֻҪ۾͸Ҫ
еĮ˵
漴һ֣ħǰ뿪
пռڣֻҪ̫ħ޳֣һͻᱻռŴͳȥ磬һ۵ĻᶼС
ͣ۾
Ŀã۾һЦ˵
ȻȻֻиҲֻдѹ̫ħ޵ĲΣ򣬻˵ֱͣӽ뵽ϼңһã᳹ױ
ͣ˭ġ
⾰󣬸ַ𶯣Զеӡ̡
ǣ
ûгɣкȻķƳǣɳҲڵһʱ䣬䲻ʧգǾԭأҲܹ


1826 Ǳ
ɶħȻûжԴƻȻѹˣһФػ񣬺һ׵ۣȻصô׵۵ʵȻѾﵽ˾أ̨Ѿﵽ̨Ȼһͨħ˲شƵ
ĳ֮أ۵ҲעĴսû뵽ħ½ضûеϣ䵱ֱײеûԡ
һСģȻôߵ˸߶ȡ
ȷʵԽԽɲˣδħߣħֻ֮һԴԴϵ̫ħ޴ħ̤㲻ܸشҲҪǣƴ׼ע
ۿ˵
Σħ߱򿪣Դ׵ǾԲܶħ߽зӡͨҹ磬һγɣͻһֶصķϡͨȥԱͨɻħ߾㲻ܸвҲһǣײСľֻһ㣬ȫ㹻ˡҪǣ⴦ħߣⷽ򿪵ģ˵طڣħߣǻƶġ
Ц˵
׼Ĵ
ΪħʼǾȫˣħÿһʱ󣬾ͻκ뿪ԭĵطԲڣһ򣬶пܳ֡
һ㣬̣׾ֲ£ҪܵشҪħͻȻĳɳ֮Ļɵƻ϶ӿֲˡԲ½ضṳ̂ϣͱǿɱ

ҹ
Ƴǣ۹֪еڡ
һƬžȻŮҲ
жǰһȻԿһɫ۵Ӱƾճ֣ڶ档òϢȫͬǱˣǷа
ܿаϵϢеĸ䣬·󺣰̲⡣һ˿ǳ̽
ܺãҲ̨㷢ʱ̣ǰǱߣҲӵԱ֮
Ŀãȴһ˿ϲ
аϣνǵյؼ޾а֮֮Ӵ޷а壬аԴȪЩȻǺɰٴ磬һܿͻƵ̨ҲȻĽ̨
ңͳϼ̳Ϊа̳̺飬ĹףӰħѪ£а顣ͬǾؼ̳ÿһ㣬аһΪޱϣԲ޷֮ӳǿս
һ֮ǿȱѷɫĳ̶ֳϣҪǿ
аǱ¶һĨаЦģȻ̨ǽɣԾңѪ¼̳Ϊľǽһ̡
ţһ壬ҪǰǱߣһСĽΪֻҪ¸ĳɹ
׵ͷ
Ǳһ棬ǲҪڣҲױ˴֮˼һ˽⡣
Ұ£ģһιȥҪ췭ظ𾡹ֶܿΡа¶һĨ֮ɫȻ˵
ǺãǰԽԽã֦ڣʡ
е˵
ȥҲ
аЦ˵¼䣬ѾϢʧ
һ̣һӰںףžͳʧ
Уûκ˿Ĳ
Ϊ˽죬ۿ׼˼ʮ꣬˵ãҪһݴ񡣡
ζĿգһƬ䡣

˿̣ڵ۹УһԺڡ
ԺУܿĴǺɻʢһ˾ҹΧƵ׺㣬ңҹɫ£ֱɫʡ
ֻȻӰһκ
ϣɪһȻ̬
Ǵ˿йŮĻͻϳȻ֮ǰѡİŮеλȻڲŮˣȺõгңҲõ뷷⡣
£
Ůڵ۹УҲԵʮֵó裬Ҳǵ壬ڹУύ£빬еദļΪÿһ̸˵أ֮ǳƳǣڸֵι䣬Դ׵ķ顣˴˼ĸȻӣ̶̼Уͱֵĸ׽ûж
£Եúͺ
ϾǶŮӣѾ̤֮·ʿ˳ҲͨеŮ˵ǲܲ¶⡣ŮҲûλ⡣
ųЩ˵ͷŮ֮䣬Ȼû໥轻ıҪദĶǲһ㣬Ҳòʮ⡣Ҫÿշ֮󣬻ҪԵ۹һЩ֮¡˷Χò
ŮʱƣƺԽԽҪáһУ໥
½㣬Ѿ׵۹Ըô۹УɲǷ׹͢ûеλᣬգҪȻ۾ѣȻޣɷмܶЩѣȻϼѣǡɾ޷Է̫Ӱ죬ֻǸܵ谮ѡ
һһʵŮӿ˵Ǳˣ˿üһ˿Ρ
пܣ콾ߣˣ־ᶨȻԷҲ޷ȥգһҲͰˣһˣ϶ɡ
ҡҡͷ˵
ЩǲһˣǾͿ϶˿¶ҲͲԶˡ
ô죬յķԸҪǻҹ͢ģôҡ
һε˵
ǱģǵǰףҪҹ͢ȷǵɫʣѡУȻӱյ۹ҲȺ󱻳ңеĸоʮָӡ
ңʱƣ˽вԾһ˿㺡
ϾŮӣУϦദ£ҲѲġ
±Ҳһˡ
ۣȻҪ̸һ½ô
ҪȻǸɴͷ񣬰ڵ۹ɾټѾϴȥû𣬰ǵĵδһ
ͻȻ˵
ƺĹâ˸
˼䣬ο
׵۳ǿĿãڽ֮ǰڴĿô׵Ķʢ棬׾ڣֱϣ⣬۳ǼޣǾʥ֮ͥңһƽӡؽ˷һɳ죬ʱ׽ͬˮǴߡ
ΪŮӣߵ񣬲֪ҪܵĽʡ
֪УͻȻͷ
ҹ͢˵ܲܳɹɹҲų꣬ǲɹ֮أڴӲѡȥ飬Ȼ롣
õ˼Ҳֻ֪ǣǿǾ𡣡
Ц˵


1827 »ʳ
аӣ˭Ҫ
ϾйԴаĻǱڸǴڸλֻҪ¶ǾԴԴϵܵ˳ĸЩ죬Ѿĸо˼Դ޵ĺôԼǰ֪ҪٱȷеĶ츣ضȲڵĵ۹
ڵ۹УһͷѸٳɳǿ
ɣκ˵һĪԵӲҪ˵һ۹͵õǳֱָӽ鱦εĹ屦ֱ磬붼롣
Եģõģȫõġ
˵ǣͬ۹еŮ֮ǰΪٲڶǽͻƺü硣ֱǿĸоȫǲģڱ޺ÿζĸоһΪ磬֮ңӣȫûκƿʮɼ򵥡
ж֪Ӧþ˫֮ĺô
Ϊ̫ߣ˫УŮĺôȻǸһΪBUGЩÿһΪõ۵ķԪԶƽʱ
ǵĹ㣬Ҫ˶þͿͻһ󾳽磬ڴﵽо֮ǰͻͽЧԣ۹ŮΪʱ䣬һǧ
ӵкôᵽȻҲֲͬ˼
Ȼǿ󣬿ɵҲֲ˳֮£ǴףҪȻҲ֦ڵǽó֣棬϶֪ԭڡȻкܴ޷֣ڵ۹УǰȫġֻҪһֱȥҲͲ֮ȫѡ⡣ֻݸͺá
йâһ漴˵
ֻҪ֣ܳδһ־һֱȥ
ǺãȻˣǾȷʱ䰲ǵĴ׵ģʲôҪУǷ⣬۾ԵɣԵ۾ʥӦòǳ֡
΢˵
Ůٴһ£ȷľֹڰյ󣬾ͷֱȥһɫ糣Եúƽ͸ƽóһκ

ʱȻţ֪Уٴιȥ
УһƬƽ
һϢǾǴ׽ٴοƾ١ңƾٵʱ䳹ȷҪٴΪѡγʵ˲šµ˲ŴɳǶڽܹĵĽгɸѡȴʱһͻƼɳУĿƾٿˡ
ڴ׸ڿɶֵĺܡ
лƽݣгشءһοʮ꣬꣬һҪڿƾһ
ѧգҡһΣҪո¶ͷǣһչΪҴ׷׳שߡ
ҪƾˣһѾ˺ܾˣ׳ãӦҵλáʱֻܴн׳ã̤ʱ̨ܸʱĲ
ƾ٣ˡ
һѧ֮ʿ׷׳ʱԡײǿʢ£˶ĿãȻܹ֪뵽׵ϵ֮У̤Ĵ̨Ŵףǰ;
ôܻƾٵĻᡣ
ƾ٣չ¶ĵһ̨
һ֮ͨš
̺壬һĻԵ
ʱ
ڴױ߾ٽ嫺ļձȺ򡣾ڱԵ򣬺һ֣ţͿһƾո֣Уֳһˮ·һӰ̤һӰϵ̤Ȼһ֧ӣ˵Ĺģнʿȫɫսף֪ʲôϣʲôɣսףȴԵüΪ˿һ㣬ʮء
ϣأʮֵܹչֳĵС
ŵıһɫսìսìϣֳϵУܸܵεķâһ۾ܿһ֧
ʱܷӳǿս
ѪɳĴ

У˸ȻԿһɫг֣⳵ǰ棬аֻɫĺÿһֳֻɫ⣬·ǺڲϵӿÿһֻвʮɴСʮ졣ųٴж
ϣȻܿӰ棬һһŮеĿŮǴһɴȻݣȴܴӽϣܵĳһˣòɡ
һԣмŮһߣһȣȻվԱߡ
һڿƮϸֳ֡£滹ֳһͼһµĻ档ޱȡ
̧ۿǰͻȻ˵»ʳǰʹףλſؿ
˵䣬ǰһˣȴ˿û
ˢ
Ż£ֻһһ޴ĳѾƾճǰžŰʮһɸߵĳǽ˸ѪɫĹԣڳǽϣȻܿһʿ棬Լڵ򣬸ַ˸ź⣬ȫʱԱâչƻġ
ǳر
һս֧飬˵»ʳδ˵ԽϢݻȥǷҪУҪд󳼾ϡ
սţȻ֪»ʳʲôȻĿڱأҲûвͨĵ
л»ʳĳʹ飬ͨ
΢Цóһݹ飬ųȥ
Ժ󡣡
ţҲûгɣʲôݣȻȥۿҲܹۿģӹ󣬾ô󴫵ݳȥңͨϵѶϢݳȥ
鲼׵ĺô
Ϣڵһʱɴݽ
κֶζҪĸӷ㡣
һʱ䣬ѶϢѾڴ׸߲С
ͬʱҲǰ
֪еУܿµ˷׷ǰ
»ʳһݹ飬ǰʹҴףݹ˵ǰ»ʳȱ幫꿣λ䣬˵»ʳ
ȤĿһ۹飬˵
»ʳĿ൱Σݴ鱨ǳʱǴӺֱӳֵģңģǺеĺͨĺ
Щţǵֻ·ͬһ㡣
۾У΢֪»ʳ»ʳȴû˵ձȺǺƣҪܺѹû˵»ʳټ
ͯʿ˵
̽飬ֵڽУڴܱߵĴ򣬶ԴԴϵ̽Ⱥǰ鱨ԴԴϻ۶Ϊսǰڵ׼
Ȼ»ʳδ֪ûоϢ
ûϢҲѾǰء
ϾǴһʹǱҪġǴȡ
۾ѶϢԺûпܣ»ʳ½ϣڴ֮Уǲ½飬ˮ顣
ڼ󵨵Ĳ²
ֿԣδûУ൱


1828 Ѫ
ԺУңϿ弸ûκͺ˼ˡ˵ջ񡣡ЦЦ˵
½أǾǴ֮С
б½ظޱߣдڵǲ塣
壬壬з壬Ϻȵȣ壬ңӴ󣬷ʮֵĿ£ڴУһ䣬ǿٳԼ˳
һ㣬еȺǺֻǣʮأʱ䣬о޾սҲֻһСƬ򣬺дڵĺ޾ʮֱ
Ҫƿغ󣬲ô׵顣
ںеࣿ
ʮ˼
٣ȺʮֵĸȤ
һЩ˵˹壬ںףǵĹȣǿ󣬶ңʮأǲģд֤»ʳˣûгֻۡӦòˡ
΢˵
ഫoʲ䴫µѪΪ壬;ˮ棬ɺңҲģѪŷʣΪݵļȻ»ʳĻӹȴûꪣҲǺһ
»˵Щ˽⣬ʼԴԴϵš
ö룬ȵȻһжˡɫճᣬٽӴ»ʳʹǾΪΪ׵ͷ˵
ǣ۾
Ⱥ뿪
ڱ߽磬õϢţ漴ſؿ»ʳеʹףңԴ󣬿ٳƳǶȥ񲿽нӴڡԶԴʹڵд
ڣһԺ䣬ӴŸǰʹǸжǿߣĹ˵ȵȡ
µ۳һˣܿڹڰ
ճУڳеĻ񲿵ĹԱ뿪ֻµ۳Ա
ӣ幫ռ׵еǲ٣µ嵥Ӧ߹λǰʹףеĿģӣӦúĿģ»ʳоصҪãԲκ⡣
ǰϴһ˿ص˵
ģθǰ׽ˣֻҪ׵۲ǻӹ֮ǾͿ϶Ὣ»ʳ֮⣬Ҫ˵Ҳе壬ңѪϣֻͨǿ߹½ˣ˫һںУһ½أ˫ûֱӵĳͻܡкĻ⣬˵İԣԴﵽ߳ɡ
ȱɫŵ˵ʣճֶ˫кôΪԲڻܾοĳ룬Ըġ
ţ׵۳Ϊһ˳ǽмŹеٮٮߣֽΪֹ˿ԺǣһΣ׼أңΪΨһϿɵңͳˣôӵиһǱ
ϻ˵
ǰһĿģйء
»ʳȻǵĻңѪң𵽵ǵ£Ҳﵽ£Ҳ٣ǣһϿɣصΰﵽ屶ûа취ȣһӾǵľ롣
Ҫ׷϶У˵׵һٶ֪Ҷ˳ļƻ
ӱ

ʱȻţ䣬ն

һĳлص
۹Уݡ
һλȨصĴ׳׷˳ݣŵ۹ȥ
У䲢ȫܹܵڵĵжôǿ
۾λͬһ󣬾ãƾپеڣɶΪʮѮڴ֮ǰɽƾˣȫ׵
˵
ƾͷȴ£ȡʿ¹ش˲ŴĹԱѡǴжԴԴϵԴȪ
ţܺãھͶʮʮ塣ɻƳ壬Ϊ١࿼֮¡
׵ͷϡ
۾»ʳʹǰ΢Ѿڹפ΢ʹ̽鵽鱨»ʳڼձȺ򣬶ңǺ壬ȫƣ˵ڹʱڣеһԱֻǣһѡ½أһѡ뺣УϲͬĽ·ڵѪҺɫģˮУ;ˮɺıܡȻ˵ǲģ˭Ȼѡͬĵ·ǿ˵ͬ壬Ҳ˵ǲͬ壬ѾϲͬĽ·
ëǰһ˵»ʳ̽鵽鱨
ѪˣûΨڵѪɫġˮУ񣬾ǿս׽ڴ󺣡
ͬһ壬ʼѡͬĽͬᷢǧֿܵı仯
һ㣬ǿԤġ
ȺҲһ˿֮ɫ
»ʳʹ
׵ͷ˵
»ʳʹ
һĺӴз˲䴫档
󣬾ͿӰȺ˽
Ǳˣ»ʳӣ幫ˡ
̤ʱвͬʱоһȻ⣬·ǽȻͬأܵĸܵһεѹ˲˿ĵֻоһ˵ĿԼϣǿѹ΢һЩֻ£Ų̧𣬻Ҫֹ
ʲôƶᱻѹơ
ϣƴûʴ
̤ȥͷ·߽
εĿ顣
»ʳĻʹɲ⡣ȻǴ׵۳ĳңеĳȻûһǵ׵ģֱǲ˼顣
ȱаȻѾоУÿһʵǿ˾ȡ
ڣҲͨˣһһ߽
̧ۿϷĿϣֻһۣȴо۾дһʹ·ֱۣӡоκˡ
ǿ
ϣ𺳡
»ʳʹڤϿ˵
»ʳȱ
»ʳ幫꿡
μ׵۾۾޽
ͬʱڣݼ
ɫֹУûκʧ֮áҲ˿и
ƽ
׵ͷ˵
۾»ʳƷ嵥Ŀ
ȱǰһóһ嵥˹ȥ
ǰӹݵǰ
ִ򿪣һۣһҲһĨɫ嵥ϵĿ»ʳǰνһʾ˵Ĵ
֮£ǱȻ
΢˼ۺ󣬽嵥𣬿ˣڵ»ʳλڼձȺҴȻǱڣλں֮ǰҲδйǰкĿġ
УҲûйĨǵ˼ֱӿżɽѯʡ


1829 
۾˴γʹףһϣ״ͬˣַ˫ˡ֮䣬ɿóףͨޡҪ¯ϣܹձȺ򣬽𺣵
ȱĽγʹ׵Ŀ˵
һͨóףףһ½أһںףԴм죬ȫлͨ޵Ļһ㣬˫ġʵһ̶ϵԴ¯ȻҪȥҵģԴˣѾſƣȻ˭ҪСǰǣóӦļ۸
Ҫô׳𺣵Ե˼ˡ
Ҵпó׵Э˵ֻǺеĸĵر壬ҲȫԴԴϵĻȡ챦Դ֪ǽóףУ»ʳУóʲôز
ֿѯʵ
ĵرģȻ칤󣬸ּգĵĲϣÿһ춼൱˵ġǴ׵ǿռ嫺򣬻δ֧ŵ𣬵ȻõǸַ졣ֵļճɹḻ֮иС
磬칤Ƴһ͵ƣø޺ޣͣңݲͬĵͣܲͬЧ磬Ծ񣬿ааħԼӿУԪõĲطȵȣķ칤Уʱľе
ԣʲôĵرǴ׸ȤƷ
»ʳ֮俪óףͨȻûйϵ׵ƷȥȻܴеõûеƷҲٺò
»ʳɲߣӵиֶеز磬Ѫʯ»ʳеļزıģױģԸϴǿɳֱɳ»ʳĵر
ɳ㣬ÿһǱ׼һ״СΣ渡ֳɫ۰ơһϣκηֻҪʱɳ÷нǱ׽ɱ䣬ʿֱɳѪ֮Уǿ׳ӿٶȣɱ䣬գܹѪѪͨǿ󡣡
Ѫ»ʳеѪѪнѪҶпٲ޸ƣָԪ꣬գָഺĹЧΪױЩԶۣиĵر»ʳԶۡЩ׻ͨޣóס
ǰһһöڽܵ
ԼʳеزȻżΪǿҵš
ţǵزԲκι屦ѷɫ
ڴǰҲõóֵ䱦
ţȷʵۿԸǴ𸴣˫óףԿͨޡ
׵ͷ˵¯ͬһ»ʳȻ빺࣬ǾֻԸĵرǰһҪ٣Զһһ㣬Ҵײûż
㣬⡣
¯Ǵ׳ȥնͲ򣬲Խ¯õĵرҸǵķΧԽԽҪģսԵĹؼá
Щȱ϶¶һ˷֮ɫһγʹ׵ĿľѾһˡ
ҪĻǵ㡣
֪۾ϳձȺϵĺǺξϡ
ȱٴοѯʵ
ձȺȻҴױڣ˽ⲻܷ࣬˵˵ձȵľѶϢƽ˵һκܺõĶԼձȺ˽Ļᡣ
»ʳڼձȺ򣬲ΣҪȴ׸е
۾ڼձȺУ֮ϣ˵һƬĻҺ򣬺УָĺںУС
ȱҲûԥֱӾͽձȺ˵
Ƭ򣬺ʣȷʵޱȻҵģ壬ԳΪΪҫΪǼ飬ǿңΪģֻ壬д庣ĴڣձȺУ̺ıأĶ
սңе⡣УһȽɢҵˣˡ
˵ڼձȺУжٺȫ޷ģпܳΪпȥѪͨѰ顣
ЩҲ׵˽
»ʳ˽⣬ձȺУĺʮֶ࣬˵ںУʮ溣ԺЩȫǶĴ漶𺣵ԺڣǺУֱǣðսţŮţ¹ţʼұغţţַţţĺ˺ţ籩ţš
˵ʮҴ溣ÿһңв˼УðսţഫǵĽԽ󺣣һеˡʮֿ£ĺ˺ţഫһ鴬ĴԱǲ飬ǿǰȵĴ溣е޷кţױȵٶȡٶ֮죬У˷ˣڴУ԰޽ɡû˭׷ϵϡ
ȱһ˵
ʮ溣Ҳ൱̵˽⡣
Ȼǲȫ˽⡣ֻ˵֪һЩšʣЩ൱µģֻһҴ溣ɵĺɲǱ濴Щһ㣬κδ溣һ׼Ǵоڿռ䣬Խ֣ԶӴ
һֻҪԸ⣬ʮϰĺ⡣
ԣһҺͳΪһ޴󺣵ŵ飬ʲôܵ飬ڼձȣƽ顣ȿ԰ӷ׵ĺŴӣܾǿĻսֱ㣬䣬ҲǳŲ֪ٱ
ޱߣҪѰһҴ溣ʣǼǴ룬졣
ЩѶϢôȺҲһ۽硣
ڼձȺȤȻһ򣬾ȻһȺݺᣬ˿ƵĵزǿֱӦñѹĶ󡣶ңҲõĿꡣ
ʲôǾһɢɳ
ǿ󣬾޶Ща취˷ġ
УȺȱѯʸȤ⡣
ȱҲһһش
ʱ£ôȺڼձȺһȽ꾡˽⡣
ΪҪֽ𺣵ǵ˵»ʳֻں棬û漰½زŶԣںϣںףͬ򣬰˵û̫ĽΪҪô
ζĿˣѯʵ


1830 ̫ħ
ȺǼձȺеĶֻںҲͰˣǵѾ޷ĲƸ㣬ǽֽ򺣵ףΪ»ʳԲȻ֣ǾҪǵֽһնϡ
ȱ¶һĨᶨ֮ɫ
˶쵽ˣȻûвնĵǺʲôǾһȺȳһļһ飬°ӣ޶ɱ˷ŻǵĿұ죬ֻƻὨ裬ȫûԡһϮֻսѣʹꡣ
˫ϳϵ½أڴ׵۳֮У»ʳ
ȱ˵
̺ĳȻ൱㡣
ֻУȺһĬȻ¼ձȺ򣬿ôȴҪ»ʳȺбȽϿܵģǺдһռݼձȣȴһʳڣǹ֮ںʣʹ졣
ҴײŸոո嫺ɳǣаգδȶܱƿҲԱңھ֣ˮ籩ԸӰ켫󣬺ܶ򣬶ǿգ΢֮Ҵʱᶯ
Ϸ־ǰһڽ
ڴһжȶ嫺̣֮أձȺԲõʱ򡣺ο»ʳ˵ʵ񣬻δ֪
˵ʲôʲôǼֱǰ׳ա
˵ȹ£ôԡ
вֱӾܾӵģȻӶ÷ʱȻǹޱȡ
óȻǺ£ǲһ֧ǰĻҲδزУÿ̽һ¼ձȺľ޶ںУҴ׵ĺʵͬѷɫǲŽУδá
ڼЦЦǰһ˵
ձȺǻңȴԲȱսɱ¾֮սÿ춼ڷǽͶŽȥȫãĥ³һѪսʿ
Ҫġ
ձȺĸ鱨ΪһձȵĶӡ
ţ飬»ʳȻǰǲǲһ֧ǰһȺ壬ҲΪ»ʳһ
ҲЦ˵
Ȼһ֧ŹȥֻǿԶһЩ壬δ𵽳׽𺣵ã»ʳֱصĲ𣬵ǲһ֧ţɣѾܹԳ׵̬ȡ
Ͼ»ʳǴ׵״ûбҪΪǽл
ӦǶݣӦǱ֡
˭˵
⡭
Ⱥ˵ȱ¶һ˿ɡ
ΪǽϵĽȫףӦܹ׵ȤٳǰձȺ򣬽ȺŶԣϾ֮󣬲˭ѶԴܾ
ƫƫͷˡ
׾Ȼܵסһջ󣬽ǲһ֧ʲôãڵǺ˵ȫǳˮнأı䲻κδ֡
ȻҪõĽ
γʹĿģؼģҪ׵ǿʵһɨȺ
Щ飬ȻûжԴ׽ġ
ܺãȻˣǾôˡʱǲһ֧ţǰձȺѹ׵ͷһԶ
ϷԣһڣȻûиĵĿܡ
ȱҪ˵Щʲôпںֻܶ˶촽ȴûзˣײٸģǴ˿ڳϣһ֮ԼľߡǶŵơ

ûã
ȱҲŷعݡ
ڹڣ϶¶һĨ֮ɫ
ȻεĽʮֵ⡣
ϣô죬ȻǰĿѾﵽˣɵĿȴûдɣǵҪĿģ̽鵽Ϣʮ溣Ѿʼả׼ϴ»ʳһΣһʳĽ֮һ޷ȹֻ»Ԫˡ׽ɳһ֧ţȫͲܸıս֡Ⱥ
ȱ¶һĨ԰֮ɫ
ڳϣû˵ʵǰףȷʵҪˣҪǵõǲ˵ĳŵϧŵûɡһ֧ŲҪġ
˵»ʳʵĲ纣ˣʵǺûңɱΪĿģƻȽҪ׵Ķ࣬һս»ʳ֮УʧȻǾ޴ģҪĥǹ»ʳͷڣĿģƺܴɡ
һ㣬ʮͷʹˡ
ûа취ôǲľţݴ˵׾ʮǿнʿһһʮһ֧ţڼձȺУӦÿѹһλ溣ܶ༸֧ͿԸıơ
һһ˿˵
Ϸԣ֪ձȺ£ײͬǲģĴǰȻˣǰĿѾɣԺ˫óףγͬˣʱƣ˴˼ĹϵȻܼʱתĻᣬײ嫺һţձȺڴףŵıѡ򡣳Щϡ
ҡҡͷ˵
Ȼ벻״»ʳҲ̫ηЩ˾ǶһЩʧѣһЩκβ»ʳ
ţȻҪڴй䣬׵ķ飬½ϵǵжĲ𡣡¶һ˿֮ɫȤ
Ϊؼһ˳У˲֪˲ĵزķ٣ĽȻҪһ¡ܴ׵Ĳ֮ͬ䣬Ժף½ظӺ
ʱ;ҪڴϸһһãЯıԵ̶ӣһεó׽

ҹ硣
һ嫵ħС
ܿƬħгһĵϢ϶أ·ޱȵľԶһֹĻħƬħ򣬵һֻߵľûлľҲûзޡϣ鲼ħȴûһ˿ͬŵһ㡣˸о־¡
Բħ
е˼ҹһħôȻһأڲ
йâһһ۵ӰȻվա
Ǳˣа
ħͨһ·ϣֱӳħͨħ֮Сķʽɲһ㣬ħߵͨʵǵģֻܽ磬ܷҹаȴϣҲıйأȻ޷ִ̫ħ
뵽
һ͸оؼ䣬һεķ鲼Ҫɵһа΢΢һЦסһš
ͨͨ
ʱֻؼ䣬һŹֵջص
ǡ
ֻһа΢΢ü£ķԺѾ˲²⡣


1831 
ʮֲֿ·ռ䣬ضһ
ֻƵʮֳһ£ҪʮӣǼСʱŻһΣпܼŻһΣʣһǿ
һ̫ħɽԴ֣Ե£Ժףƶ˵ȵȡ
Ȼ̫ħѾأе̫ħޣȫ˯ɽ֪˯꣬ȻܻţңǿʢȻ̫ħޣǿͨͨ򿪣ϢѾʼЩ̫ħѡ
аĿء
ܿͨգԴԴϵϢɢݶԪϢѾʼ̼Ƭħг˯̫ħ޸գת
ħе̫ħһȫѣͻ˳ŸӦԽͨǰ硣Ϊһ˵Ϣǳɳɱ¾ɺƻΪʹΪҫ
ԸоĵЩѾڲϵ̣һ˿˿ֲǿʢ
һգȻһֲ̫ħޡ
˯ǻڣԲǼ򵥵ħޡûһֻѷɫ֮ǰľβħģֱͨӳħ⣬ǿҵ̼£ѸѣŻһʱԽͨ磬ڴ׾ڡ
˼̫ħѾɲ֣ѣֻҪ̤ȥһΪͽŵϣֻűԽԽǿ󣬱ԴԽԽۺȫɣδزһ֮£ײ鱦ѹء
а̫ħȤһ̫ħޣ綼ϡʱǿҲǴ׵ĵ̡
ﾹȻӴķӡҹжħԲµķӡҪ̫ħ򣬷ֹ̫ħ޳ħôȻҹҲһֽ֮ءֻӡסҡ
ٴ̧ۿգйâ˸ҹǾΪ㹻ǿʵӦԸָı仯
а޼ɵؼ䣬ǽ绹ǽƣѶƣԺɵĴȥ
ң͵а̳СһѪ¼̳
̳ɲ򵥣ļ̳ǽҹѪ۳ļ̳ΪˣķѵǵҹսеõһöѪʯöѪʯͳƫҹѪ°Ϣ
Ѫ¼̳þ޴
ľҹУסҹֲ졣
ԣҹֻҪ¶˭ᷢԼȫˮ
Ҫת뿪̫ħ򣬽ҹȥ
ͻȻ䣬ӳһɫ⡣
ףʲô
һ֣аһĨ棬붼룬һѾǵֵĵط
ǰģһ޴ħɽ·µʴһ㡣
طǻҺɫһЩλãɳƮ䣬·𱻷绯һ¶һƬɫɫͨĻƽ𣬶һƬ⻬Ȼɣκ覴á
˾̾ĵز
˼
аһ˿ǿҵȤһּ䣬һεȻľͽɳһߣƮȥʱһ޴Ľǰ

ɴ׽¶ʱȻԿһ޴ĽǰȫǻȻһ壬ֻϣܿƵĺۼиȱڣпµ˺ۡȻȫܹܵ侭ҵĴս磬Ķˣ֪ʲôնˣλãѾӰ
鲼ڽϵĵۣצۣ
ֲޱȡ˾̾
ϣܹĳһ
ңʱǳΰ׳ۡ漣Ľ
ɢϢЩϤԣһۡ
аһĨء
ѾȷоϤϢʲô۵ϢɳǾۣȻǴͳϵۣûġĶӣӵϢǲоġ
һֱ˽⣬һԪһдǿߣͨһɱҹ磬зһεسԶ֮սսеĲпᣬ֪ܾˣ·ļһսҹңսҹ緢ģȻƻȽҪף˺ҹڳܣһҲûռݵô֪ٶǿ硣
ǴԶУ
սУҹǿĹħ񣬴ս֮ң޷۱ݻ٣ĵ䣬ֱӾҹС
ЩۣЩЩֱ׹ҹСǱҹħȡڸֽյ֮Уж٣˭Ǻ
ڳǰȻǵ꣬һԪҹеһۡ
컯һ컯û뵽ո̤ҹ磬ۣ֪Ƿܵõң黹ڵĻ˵ԵõһĻԵ
аҲһĨ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ܳҹۣһǴ˵ۣƷ׼ߡãԿսǶ֮ҹеж
ڵ֮̽׻ʣ¶͡Ƿӵ۵ܡ
Ŀ⿴ȥ޴󣬵Ȼһ壬ӱϣûκνӷ϶£ûзǸȥġһܷĽ
ֻǣȴһնˣ¶һ޴ȱڡ
ȻŻ
޷Ӱ谭
аȻһ㣬Ȼľͽ뵽С
һȥʱͷ֣ȻۣͨĽʮ־޴Ŀռʮ־޴ͺһƽɵĽɽ󲿷ֶʵģȻ󣬾һЩڣǴӽɽڳĿռ䡣ʮ𺳡
ңʶûа취ƿķ̽鲻
룬ȻܿģмĺĿռ䡣Ҳǽеһ޴Ĺй㳡иֽʩһأܿһ޴¯ڡ
ֻظɿݣ¯Ѿƣ⳹װѾ
¯۵ĺڡ
а۾һǰִۣԪעȥϸ̽ţϣԴеõϢ̽һõĽС
۵飬ѾˡȻûгʧƵ飬ҲشңѾ˯֮С㵥ԪȱʧһƫڷۣȻ乥ԭȣͬʮǿµһ㣬ٻ޾ҹսУҲǴŹʡ


1832 
ֻϧû³³ڵĸֵԪܵشҲܵشƵò˯ĵز⣬ֳ˯ʱ䣬ֱ˯飬ĵز
⵽ߡ
̽ѪϢҹаħֹҹָ֣֮Իٳ򡣡
а̽¯ľʱͻȻ䣬¯ʼҫŹԣһʸеʼһεĲ串ڣƺڼаѪϢ
һʼ̽ʱƺ϶ҹаħ
ȻԻٵĴʩһҹаħͻֱӿԻٳ򣬳״ݻۣǽֵҹаħ׽飬һʯ٣µֶΡ
ãҵαװ۵ֶ̽Ҳ޷ơ
аһͷ
ڽѪ¼̳Ϣҹʿû棬˭Ϊҹʿ¯Ҳһ˾ãԥԻٳ
һ䣬ʶĽԭϢ¶
ִ̽ԻٳִͣУ̽顣
̽ѪϢʿ̽飬Ϊ飬ȷ󣬻飬С봫׼һ˲䣬ٴοʼļ⣬ѾѸɣͨеһӴѶϢ֮ԺС
ǡһԪս
а־ǿޱȣѶϢȻӴ󣬶ʮѸͣɺϸ£ȻԿ⴫УйǵҹսķĻ棬һĻĻȫ޷Ļ档
־·뵽һʱա
ĿܺƺƵһ·ɱҹĻ棬ǻ棬Žһ۸ѹţĿõָۣ˵еĹţ񾩣ҲнĽۡ
ÿһңɢϢ
ɱҹǹԵأҡ
ͱҹӦаħϯ
嫵ĳ糱ˮ鲼ա
սһָġ
ħϯµħգ۲ɱÿһ޹⣬ɽӡһһööǳ飬ǻ棬κ鶼Ҫ𺳡
аΪ磬ʣ£Ҫһޱѵ飬ÿʱÿ̶к䣬һƬƬ类Ƭ
ħ飬۱١
о޴챮ħӲѹΪĹһħȴʼ޷ѣֻܿԼѹĹһ㱻ĥ
ָļһ棬ϴԺ֡

һ˲䣬Ѿȥǧ꣬аԣҲǲɵĳһһƬ䡣ȻһԪļԪ֮սǲҰ׵ڴսǳ飬׳գ׳հ޲һ׳ʱ
棬棬ǿۣǸԪǾޡֻһԪͬѷɫһԪδսսһԪӵнһսұȻҪгΪ׳֡磬˭˭Ц󡣡
ϧջûмֵԪ֮սʱ̣;ͱһħܡ
ħʮǿһרΪɱ¾ڵħΪǧ뽫ϳһǧֻ뵶ۣٶȿ磬䣬纣˲Ϣ䣬һħɽиɷĩ֪һӻӳٵǱǧ뽫ǵӲնϵģսϣҲֲһħ֪մȾѪ
ײ
ˢ
ʱֻ¯УһţͿһǰһˣңԱƺԣֻǣͷˡ
Ͳơ
Ȼܵ˲ᣬոԳ˯ѣ仯󣬶ʱͿǰ˫ۣۻΪ͡
Ϊ鰢Ŭ˹ԣһķҹѪɼ̳ۣأ㵥Ԫ𡣽ܴ뾡ֲ𣬼˯޷ϵĸ޷ֲˣֲ֮ǰ޷ת
鰢Ŭ˹˵
Уһ
һǿѣҪ۳״ȥһɴУͻ˯УҪʲôʱֻºٹ㡣ֿԣ̫ˡ
аָ£ٽӡ뵽С
ò˵ȷʵǷһѪᾧĲϣõֲ̫ϣһֶϣȲͭѷɫ̺Ľ֮˵Ǽ᲻ɴݣѱƣң̫̫֮ԻؼâΪγ̫⡣
ڽ۷ʱͷų̫⣬˲һööǳǶħ̫⣬ᱻ˲䶴£ճɻҽԵޱȡʥޱȡ
Ҫ޸Ļֻºѣ̫ϡ٣쳣ڴ׵۳ժ¥Уֻʮϡٵķȱڣǳˮн
ѣ
аҲһͷʹۼ̳˸ûм̳Ҳ󣬸òˣ۵ԴѾݽߣңƣʱҪ˯Уһ㣬鷳һ˯Ҳͺٶˡ̫ҲҲ޷޲㵥Ԫƣǲ̫ܹ޸
һװ
ûҲˣڵõˣȴòˣָоȷʵ൱ܡ
һԪϴܵõһöѾĻԵٵõڶöֻħսжٵȵ֪ܷá
аһּ䣬ȻԿһöڵӳС
ϸȥӺǺɫһƺصáһۿȥ̲סһ񶼱ֱɽĳ嶯
ʱᱻ޵Ԩ
÷
һöǱģǴѪħţڴԨħ֡ͽʱͽյľѪħţڵħԴԨħҲǹУ룬һ֣޳ѪħţѾΪͽȻҪһԨԴЩԴ۳һöԨħ֡
Ҫ˵Ԩħ֣ʵֻһ֣ңԨħĸ־ĸ£ĥֻԨԴȴûԨħĸ־ʴ
һ㣬һ־õ顣
ͬһ
ΪҪҹ磬ԣҪһöħ֡
ǽԨħ뵽֮УֲܷıԴںϣ᲻ĳ䡣һͷԺпң͸˸һ԰γ


1833 а
˿̣鰢Ŭ˹ѾĬʶɢǽάסһ־ûĥΪľĴУڴеѾɣҲĳţ˯ѣҲһȫµ־淨һ
ǲƣԨħҲǲƣΨһİ취ǽںϣʲôı仯Ϊֹ˭޷Ԥϣĳδ֪
ҽؼһеĿԡӣԨħֶͬȼĹ屦ħԨħĸ־ϴӣ²ںϣø⡣ּʣֵһԡ
ֳԲûбҪ
˵һ⡣
ͲԥԸһ䣬ѾԥеԨħ¯С
ȥ˲䣬¯һӱ˵Ĺâ
ܿڹͬʱ˸һʼǾײ·ͷһ㣬ƺûиоħ̺Ԩħĸ־˴˼Ҳʼһں
Ԩħֻ飬һֲ״̬
ͷųƺ޷ģʱƣıԴ᲻ɢճ׻ΪУǾǳв£һܵĻȥ£߲ͬԴϹ屦տʼ໥ںϣԴ֮䣬ʼһںһ
Ǳܵĸоֻںϣȥ
ᷢʲôı仯
аվ¯ǰаһĨɫʮֵĺ棬һںϣĿԼͬһ£һжпܣټӵ㶫ҵа屾Դȥ˵ջ񡣡
˼пգĪ⡣һ䣬ıԴ֮ȥ
һ룬¯еĹâõĸӼҡ
ƺĳֹĻѧӦ
¯ڷ˵ɱ䡣
֪ȥã¯ҵĺ޾˲䱬׸ڣڹâУ۾޷ֻܸоһǿҵĴʹ
ڣֱֻǳһ˲䲻һͿ»ص¯У޾컯ڱáɫ¯ֱӻΪҺɫ쳣η
ţͿһУһ࣬ȴûͷ­Ĵ󺺳¯ϿգϵԵ쳣죬ûʥ࣬ҲûԨħֵĳټ𡣷һ䣬һ󺣰Ĳɲ⡣
ˣ
ͬǰΪۣΪڣаݼ
ʲô
аȤѯʵ
ˣҲֻںԨħ֣飬ټͽȥѪԴɱڵģȲ飬ҲԨħ飬Ҹоͬԣжصħ
󺺿˵
ȻԼҲһɻ󣬺ǹŹ֡
ħǾм䣬ںҵа屾Դƫаа飬а޾˼ɣڣܺãǳá
Ѿӽ󣬾ͽк졣
аǱ߸ֳһĨаЦȻ˵

󺺹Ӧӽ쿪ʼа졣
¯һɱ䣬ͨģؼޱߵ޾аֻҪܻ֮ΪԴԴϵԴȪ
ײ£ŪһּΪ˲õϡˣҹеǿҲ
а׵ͷ˸һ˿ϲ
Ρ
аٴѯʵ
ˣ¯䣬ɱΪа¯Դɱ䣬̫а鱾ԴΪ̫а𣬾޾а޸ԡɽ֮ǧԸ
˵
ܿ¼䣬һɫа¯и֣ӣ֮ܿ±ĵ棬ۿɼٶȻΪɫճа
תۼ䣬ѾɱɺɫɫɢаϢѾҲ˵ǽһͨڵĺڹңܿڶˣѵа֮£ԭȵȱڿٿʼ䶯ȻԲ˼ٶȻָգۼ䣬ѾλãѸ޸
̫ħдڵ֮аͳͳ޲ԭϡ
תۼ䣬ͻָ
ΪĽ̬
˼ӴԺ󣬽ѾʺˣȻˣǾͽаԺǱݡһҹУ޾аħ
аȤ˵
ʼ̽аʲôľ幦Ч
ˣԭȵ㵥ԪѾȫ飬֮ǰʱе㵥ԪƬصΪһ壬ݱһصаааؼ䲻ִԹ־գƿظа飬һһʹǡ
˵ţȻܿһѪɫİ񵥳ǰǾ۳аһϰ񣬿ƿ֮Եȷʵ󡣲ò˵вƵ㵥Ԫܹ۳аҲʮֵáǴ׬׬
Уа¯ؼа֮֮۳аѪаѪаħʿ棬ԿΪͻƾ磬Ƕطĺôؼһ޶
콫аеľ˵
ʣаֻȴҪ
൱˼ҹҪչжаȫԽа񣬴ҹУ۲ִл꣬գ۳а顣Գٴθ񵥣ǲӵвִȻҪɵִ󣬸ƿء
ټаѪҹаħ˵Ҳ޷ܵջ˴жѾɹ롣ҹнͷߣͽһа˭ڡ
аǱ¶һĨаЦ˸ȻѾ˶ơ
ˢ
һ䣬аѾһڹ⣬漴̫ħ˲ƿնȥһƿգϢȻĴƣаؼ޴ڵ֮Уں쳾Ρ
û֪һ̣һ𶥼ǿߣȻǱҹ硣
ҹеĴܶûв


аҹǱҲ޷ҹľΣֻڤڤиӦǷȫǷ񻹻ţֻҪûиӦǾõϢ
ʱȻš
֪УѾ뵽ʮ£ƾȻ
ƳУ³𣬾ԴԴϵĸ˷
βֻǴѡһ˲šҪѡʺھսĶ⽫š
ƾУƾ٣ľ٣ľ⣬Ҫͬʱ١
רΪЩľٵ·ĽŶ׼ģпģս֮ܡ


1834 ˴
ʱһΣѾʮʮ塣
һ죬ƳУͿš׺һƬϲǿƾپеӣңǿƾͬʱʼƾٿ˸ѧƣֱģսѡ⽫˲š
٣Ҫģʵսţ̸ֽӹš
עһҵǻıԵĴս
ƾʮУ̻ũ£񣬾񣬹£ҽΣԡǵһأͳһڹԺоСרŵĿƾٿռнпˣҪ¼֮ģ˿ռ䣬һСľ٣Ҳžһš
˵һͲҪԾһ˽⡣Ҫ֪ſԡҪǿƾٳɼ㣬ҪһģƹһɳǣҪԸ涼һ⡣ܸõС
ȻľȻ١ר½Ŷġ
Уû˵
У޷ֲ١
佫һȣڴУܵױȵӡԲξΪ١ǴûзſбżǷſб˲ܻսԴ֮㣬νԸӵġ
һǰμٵľٵ˿ѷɫ
ڽֵǿС
źݣһѧӣһμٵĽţ׷̤ݡǰӦĵص㣬뿼ˡ
ݣֱͨƽƽ硣Ҳݡ̤ݣƽơҲһͷ
ܶѧӣڴУѾ⣬˿̤ݣʱһĿۡ
쿴һλţ˵Ѿμοƾ٣һΣǵΣ֮ǰΣÿһǲһ㣬ɽŰս١ݾʮܿɹ˵еģֻǰ̫Щ꣬һֱڲ׷ϣֲȱһΣ˵һõĽ
ָһѧǸп˵ѾʮˣƶĲμӿƾ١ǣֵÿ϶ġ൱塣
Ȼڴ֮УڷѧӣѾһˡ
һڿƾаǾƽƣԾšӵиӹδ
쿴ǰ˴ӣû뵽Ҳˡ
ʱһҵ֮
ȻԿǰ׿ݡ
ȻǴеİ˴ӣǷΣŻ簡ƲĻף֦ɽ鷨ʫ鷨Щɶһ˾ޡ
ɲǣÿһ˵ĵϵΪʮ־տ㿴һλǰ˴еĲѩۣĵտңһС˵ңдС˵㡣
װ˴ӡ
ΪƲף֦ɽı䣬գѩۣѰÿһһһ֮ʵ顣
ڴУҲķڣ׵۳
ֻҪעĵϵģûжǲֵ֪ġ
ȫͿ˵˲֪˲
һãȻһ
˲żüãҴֽһ˲ţ˴ӣκһλܣ΢£һǱδزӱࡣ
¥ϣźѧ̤빱ԺǸп˵
ԱƳˡ
۾ԣԪʲôҪ޷Ǿ˲Ű˲ŲǸôڷɵÿھһ֮ţǴ׾ܶһɳǡ˲ԽԽã˲ŴǴҪĹؼڡ˲Խ࣬ڽĽš
Ƴ׵ͷ˵
˲ţһеĹؼҲԼŵ⡣
ڣ˲ŵĽʩѾƣѧãѧԺѧһ·Ϊ״˲š
ѧԺɽ˲ţԲͨƾ٣ѧеıҵ飬ջñҵ֤иֲܵ˲ţȻȻӵн˲Ŵʸ
ڶԣÿ궼дѧӴӱ˲Ŵ⡣
У֮ŵĴѾﵽʮÿ궼ӡ֮ţǵõѧˣһܵ˲ţ棬֮š˲͸١ÿһλǶǼֵ
ǷйӢϢ
ͻȻѯʵ
ƳĿһ׽
ûκϢ
Ƴҡҡͷ˵Ӧ֪ԪںϣǶһԪҲһһĻᣬҵҲںԼյõҡԣȻֲ䣬ʵѾı䣬ԼҲԼÿ˶ѡĻᣬÿ˶ѡһˣҲˡһһ˵飬ǲܣҲ⡣
ӢڶûκϢϵرһѾµµļͥѾֻأѡʼµһѾԭȵԼļˣطˣ˵켣Ҳͬԣ㻹ǲҪٵȥˡ
ҸŮӣɼҵòҪģ˭á
Ƴи̾ҲҪ˵ĻڻӢΪֹѾ̫ϣˣֻ˵˳ȻҵȻǺãҲҲͰˣЩ飬Ҫ˳ġ
Ǹлر
һ㣬˭˵ӢѾתˣµļͥµĸĸһ㣬˭˵ףǿиȥδЩá
飬ڲ磬¹Ӣȵȣˡ
ȰˣһǾٵȵȣ˵תӢµҲĬĬףһ벮ġ˭ѡȨͺñڣûѡѡ۾ͬˡ
Ц˵
Щ飬Уܹ׵ġţǼģǶ˭ûкô
׾ͺá
Ƴ׵ͷѾ˵ˣǾԼ顣˭޷ңҲûбҪȰ˵
һβμٵĽӦҲ٣˵ܹвٽŴӱΪҴٴµľšЦ˵βμٵģҲкܶڴǿߡ
нңĽţͳս츳
ң棬нңһμٵ֡
ͬʱԺѧѾʼԵĿˡԱȵǲۡεĲֻһ֡ˡΪ⣬вۡдһƪ£ܷ⣬֮Ҫĵ⡣һ֣ȴΪǧ⣬γɲͬ¡
ȹ壬ҲС
ƾٵḶ́ܶݣͬҲ
̣֮С
ڿƾٽеУͻȻ䣬Уһöǳ׵ĴŹһ⣬˲뿼֮С
Ф⣬ĵطڵ˴ФУõսϿɡµФػˡ
Ŀãһۣһ־ϲ֮ɫ


1835 ܻ
ߣ󣬺ţѾλߴФػ񣬻ʣ»ãФսδҵھȻֱФ⽵ٿʣФսֱӽĿעӵ֮УڿڵѧУѡʵѡ
ƾ٣۴Ķ˲ţ˿ڿУǽ߾ȫʩչϣչʱ̣Ȼ׿һ˵Ը뱾ԣһΣֻ²ֻһФУҸоֻʣФУﵮ
ƳһĨɫ
˲Ż֮ء
Ķ˲ţ޲ԿƾΪ١ֻҪлᣬЩ벻ѧеĶѧӣ취μӽȥȻѡļʶӡ
£Ȼ䣬ѾһڵĽڡܿ࣬һϢʮ׺˿ĸоһݣ衣
һһɳ
ԭ
Ŀã۾һ󣬻Ȼ
˭
ѯʵ
һλܻǽҳĸ׽ۣһңҲǻӣĽţθһμӴ٣ڿܻڿУõФս׵ϿɣѾѡΪФػΨһϧǣһšЦ˵
ڴеһЩҰţר˽һЩѶϢ䡣
ۣľϿԫˡκʱڽ죬ʱ¸ңˣó䣬нʲԡս¹պսһսšӵͳսĲܡ
ܻ佫֮ܣȺҲѷɫǸǿʷϿټ
ܻԭܱͨ϶ԫˡ峯󽫾֮ӡǿΰеԣö顣յĳɾͣ׻Ҫߣνһǧš
ְԵңͬпܻǿ
ȻһΣܻѡˡ
ΪѡС
𣡣
Уһ߿ĻХ𣬺ȻԿһ޴İüѽ̾գɫ˸Žѩ׵ĳüü䴹£ӳг޾ϣɷ
ҾȻѡУΪФػ񡣻еսʿҪսס
ڿеĺܻһʱԺеѶϢҲĿɿڴ¶һ֮ɫ
ò˵оʮ⡣
Ȼеľһϲ
ѡͳսִưǴФսףһ֮һػ׽ϲߣ֮ǰַ˳ѹħĻ棬пֱü϶û˯ţһȴԼҲФսʿǣսħľ
ֻÿѺ󣬲ŻȻףֻξѡ
μ٣Ҫʽ̤ϴ׵̨ڿѾµѡѡ񣬶˵һ·ԭ켣һ·
ǷԸΪФսʿ̳սס
һϵĻԺ
Ը⡣
ܻԥĸ
ֻԵȻûдĵ
ܺã㽫õФеս״С
ĺܿ죬˲Ϣ䣬һɹɴѶϢѾʼԺУͬʱڷԺ󣬴֮ʼ´ڵԪĻ
սںϣս׾ͨΪѽХ׻ͼ׻ѽꪡսףս֮ʵ˽׵̨ʵ㣬޷ʱ䷢Ӱ˽սӵг߽龳սսԽǿսԽǿФػսÿһλսһʮФػȫλͬʱսñ˴սͬʱʮսʿΪսػ޵С
֮ںܻԺС
ϺޱߵԶ֮ǰսеÿһͨǼֱǾ춯ءоֻҪʩչͿԺأķФսʿУΪսս
ܺãֳĸо޷ᡣӽ쿪ʼҾսʿһФػ񡣡Уһ˿ᶨܻգĿдһֳȡ
ˢ
ʱͻȻ䣬һҲֱӽڿ֮С
Ф⣬˱ѡУһαѡеģֻһ
ܻĿãб˷˲䱻ѹȥиֳһ˿档Ȼ˵ֻԼﱻѡУҲУƼŴ׸ɳеĶ˲ţѡУʲôܵ顣ֻ˵⡣ҲԲΨһ
ɣոҪܾĻսпһѡʵдС
֪ѡе˭
⣬ͬںܶԺи֡
Ҳˡ
ĿõڶФڿϡ໥һۣһĨ
˵иФսʿһȫʮФػȫλҴ׵ؽᱻơ
֪ױ׵ֽٵģûд֮ǰѾﵽԽʥͥĽޣṳ̂һǺǹУָıʡ
ԣ쿴С
ָգȻԿУֱ뿼С֮ǰܻһֱӾͳĵФ⡣
ФսʿֻһλͿԳԲ
Ƴϴϲ
ĵһĵֵϲĴϲ¡
һ˳ɴУǾʮһФսʿĵ
£ȻԿֳ޵ӰһֻͨѩףȴһԳӣϣɫⲻ˸ǳãһֻͨɫĴ󹫼ëңһޱȴ۵ĸоֱ£۾ҪϹǿ£Ǵս⼦
һֻѩ׵һѩ׵ңͷϣһǣʥϣ˿ǰ
ãʣһФҹȮ
ڵУֻʣ¹һöǳҡδѡ
˿̣ڵ۹УĬĬۼ̳طϣǿѪ׳УҲӶĴ̧֮ۿգһĨȤ
ĵУФػ񡣺ܻףս׾Ȼѡ˼˼Ȼ֮ϡ˵볤ϡ
⼦սʿȻѡȷʵϡ
УѡеѡУҲһζڴ˵ǲܣȴƫƫѡСⲻò˵һ˵İš
ѰƲ
ܿȻλڡ
һֺǱܵĴӿƾаڿ˿ռҲһ󣬲ʲôĻԵ
Ϊʲôҡ
Ʋһ૵
Ҫ볯ãһģôͱѡΪФػء


1836 
ΪʲôΪʲôФ
ƲƤڳ鴤Ǳߵĺ

ս⼦߰˵
ѾԭԼô
Ʋһ㶣漴ͻ뵽Լһֻԭȵ֣ûзıѣһ㣬ѵĻʶͺˡһȻѡΪսʿ֣ʮֵܡ
ӦýսʿսײŶԡ
ƲѵΪϲԺռԭ򡣡
ƲǷԸΪսʿФ֮Сػף塣ս⼦ɲЩֱӿеĳ
ҡԸ⣡
Ʋлһ£ѡӦ
Фػһбڿƾٵĵ·ͬҲǵٴ״̨һԿףҪλ˿κһλһƷҪѷɫǸҪؼǣΪػ񣬿Ըɵѡ
սںϣս׾ͨս룬񱩼Ѫ룬ս⾵̫Сսףս֮ʵ˽׵̨ʵ㣬޷ʱ䷢Ӱ˽սӵг߽龳սսԽǿսԽǿ
еѶϢٳƲԺС
ֻǣеѶϢƲɫ൱ѿһֻɫĺӡˡ
Ϊʲô룬Ʋȥ廨ôװ˴Ӱһ룬ô¡ҲҪ廨Ʋзһŭ
ս룬񱩼Ѫ룬̫СоԼǰǧ˸ָоһƬڰҪǴȥƲɱûн˴ҪԷЦ
ƲľͲҪô
ڿͨĹЧƲŵҲ΢΢ָаһս룬ţ㡣񱩼Ѫ룬ǿ
˲¶һһ֣еơ
ҾȻФѡС
ѰͬڴеУѡУΪսʿڱФøѡУҲ¶һĨ֮ɫӷκεطǿɰСĴʡԴˣѰҲûб¶ʲôܡ
ҲãΪһФػ񣬿ػףգδһ¡
Ѱһͷ
սںϣս׾ͨ⣬⣬⡣ɵϻ
˲䣬оѾ׿ʼ
һɹѶϢԴԴϵĳԺС
Ѱԣ˿Ҳɵһ󼤶
ǿ󣬷ǳǿ
Բһǿ
ӵе⣬һֱӶס¼ַһԶסһֱõ˵Σһȥɰèһ㶼ۿ۵ġ
УȻԿһݵ˱ڡϸȥУ·ܿһֶʵĹâĿʱܵһ־⡣
֮ͨڸһۿڱʣഫǵĲת쾹ȻѡУִֻԣδǼ١
Ƴ忪˵
ǴеĲ֣ܵõФϿɣȻҲӦһλõѡͲ֪սӵеĻʲôľͨս״Уǿνһ죬ѾӵƽƵݣһ·ɳȻʵǸ߷塣컯Ե
ҲЦ˵
ѾõΪͨߵƱ⣬Ȼһ㣬ɱȴ󲿷ʿ֪Ҫ϶ٱ
սںϣս׾ͨпգϷɺӡӵս
սͬѷɫԼĶͨеκФսѷɫνǸɫ
ǧУֲУܲ
ĿùҲ׵ͷ¶һĨ΢ЦֻʣһФˣҲܺ棬Ф׻䵽˭ϡӡǽ죬졣ʱпܵ
ܺãһФػȫλФͼӦмܴʱҴ׽ʥͥĻҲҪˡпܣٶϼҲûйϵ
вĻᱻ˳׷еƣǶʱں׷ƽģĲ˵չϣͲԽģҪʱ䣬Ҫ˲ȥһĻڷչ׷չٶֻ죬Ǵ׵ĵ
󣬶Ѱǵ뷷ѾŽ٣ΪФսʿ󣬿ƾȻҪٲμӣֱӴӿ뿪ǰФжȥǰǱޣոתϴԪϤһ顣
Щͬеķ׵
Фػô⣬һһĳ֣ĿùħսԽԽоһֲõԤϯ
ʮһλФػλǿҵļ飬糱ˮļ䡣
ϴҸоֲõԤСФػ𽥹λֻһλͽҪԲʱǲĻͼɳǱƳաһˣǿɾˡ
һ˿ص˵
׹ȻǴףɲ⣬Фػĺ֡ǲſͼƣֻ֮ǰĶԼпܻ䡣
Ҳ˵
ҪҪſֽţһƣ֪ҲܹõӡȤ˵
ǲҪФػĿƿ󣬶ԼˣҪףܴ뷷⣬ͬΪҪΣ
ĸֹ
ɲС£ʱ䣬ʵѾܼ׵ѡ񡣱Ͼ׵Σ˭ܿĳģҵõϿɺֱÿնϵľ󣬲Ϲӣ˭ܿĳңʱ䣬ҲͱѩŮйٵĽ
֪ڴзܵʲôĴǼֱǳ
ܹǧС
ţȻˣҲФػѹȥĻԵ̫ܡӵжܻȡĵλʵǸ
׵ͷ˵
жܵߵĴ
һ㣬֪ĺ
¾𲻻ưոݣһĻֻ£д鷳
ͻȻ¶һֵ֮ɫ
ʼǺͷһڻ֮ȥһȻв
ǾԲΪڵĴףûд¹Ŀ⣬۹עŴ׵ı仯пܣһˣǵĳҲھУʲô˭
ĺ˭޷Ԥ⡣
ڵƽδزǷ籩ǰ
пգһƬ䡣
УֳͬӰ
ӡȻǶϾϡ
֪ʱһֻ߲ʵĺ߷衣ңڡ


1837 ۻĿ
ңɢǰ
߲ʺǱ¶һĨ΢Цͷ˵
׵ۺ÷ɣ̶ʱղѾ̨ͼ̳ɳƴܡȷʵš߲ʺϹâһһѾǰȻׯܵķңɢˡ
Соѣǰȡ
еȻһЦңɢϵϢѾԿĳҲڵ̨߲˶٣Ϣȴɲ⡣徳ǵڶҪͷʼ䱾ľ磬ɿͻͽڴﵽԶ֪Ҫ߳ٱ
Ȼֻڵңɢ˵ĻҪ¡
֮ͬУΪԼ˭ѷɫ١
׵ԷƱʵĿãңĴ׵۳ڸϣһͣ񣬾ʥͥҲ֮ңָտɴһΪʥͥУصд׵λáңɢЦǺǵ˵ü䣬һ˿̾
ħսϣоչֳ˾޵ǡ˸ɱҹս£룬ңĸԥɱҹҹмʮ꣬ҹֲˣǱʵϵƻҪĶ࣬ΪֹӰɴڡ
ңҹ塣
ҹսµˣڻûгƽ
ڶ̶ʱڣͻƵ̨Ҳò̾ʱӢۣ컯
̨ɲֻʾͿԣҪ㹻ǿ˵ռԼҪĸܹӦļ̳ʣҲ޷ɽ
ڵУʣӣô׵۳ܻȡԴԶѰʿ֮
ʥ֮ͥλҴȻҪģڻ΢ôһ򣬻Ҫ𡣡
ƽ˵
δСʣҪСģΪӪӲܴҲСȽҪ
ڵľ𡣡ңɢЦЦ˵
Ѿ֮ǰ鴫ȥˡôͱǰ֪жԴ˲ûиоʲô⣬飬ûҪôǱܵ˼Լ͸¶ɢ˼Ϊþ˼һҪ޹˼ɡ
ϾǽӴĶǶȦӣ漰ʥһǿߡǾҲּ顣¾ֹ֮䣬Щǡ
ȻδܹҾ־һ鷳ǿԵġ
ǺǣĴ£ôסȻ󣬲ؼܣͬǳصģ˵󶥼ɵʦеʼ棬ǶżΪǿսʥˣⲢǽֻǾѡǲԳ֣һԳ֣ĺԼδܹܵס
ңɢ˻˵
״֮أǼܵĿⶼǾסڰйעŸֱ仯
ţҴҲ˭ġ
׵ͷ˵ǾԳ֣ҲұһѪ
ιҪ㣬ʥͥǼ򵥣пܻܵĽѣ˳֮ߣʲô仯ֻԾ֪С޴С
ңɢٴѵ
УĲҪгز۵ǽľ޴ʧʧ
ǰȻˣ¾һúóһ٣ʱ䣬ֻȡʵʳģʯҲռ˼ݣʱ϶ſÿԳһ
Ц˵ׯȻǱ¶⡣

ңɢ۾΢΢һеʳǿһջҲ൱ģԹһΣǻζǱʯ⣬ǿ¼ʳģǰé
ǰһҪ֪ͨ㣬ǾǾۻʱҪȷˡ
ңɢЦ˵
ţۻĻͶ¸£ʱ򣬾ۻˣһᰲ׵ʱֱǰͺáһ˵׼ȷĴ𸴡
ۻᣬϴβμӹĴܾۻᡣ
ǸۻᣬؼȦ֮һϴξۻѾȷ´ξоۻʸ񽻸УҲȫȨţ־ۻеĺôȻԶ׼ġô֮࣬޷һΣеĵص㣬ʣ϶Ҫڴ֮еġ
˵ۻе۵ͨޣ໥ʶ󣬶ܲĺô
ۻ᲻ҪУҪŪã׵ĵ̽չ¶ȥδزһ¡
ţ֮ǰһ鱦Ȼ߱ȴܴκɴͣĺãףδһλԵţѣԴҲмȤ
ңɢ˵ͷѵңһβμӵĵѱһҪĶࡣһ㣬Ҫ׼
жٵǰǸо顣ŵ˵
Ǿͺá
ңɢЦŵͷȻϹâһΪһֻ߲ʺ裬ԶȥֻһƮϵȥ׸ɳ档ú쳾ң֮
ջصĺѾƮȻ٣ʧ
ȥɣң޾УĽ
ۻһǴܼǿߣһԪǺպʿԪĴܶУлһЩԴ׸ȤԸڴ´еĴܣǶףһ´УǾζţһε
ЩԺпܳΪ׵֧ӵ̡
Դڵ̬úܶΪ֮Ķڴѹ³룬Щǽ׿ţ̨̤һƱıϡؼ䣬һһȦӡ
ҪȦ֮⣬Ҫ̤ȥǾҪʮٱŬۡ
Ȧ֮Уǽȥ׾٣ˮɵ顣
̫еľۻһȦӣеҲһȦӣһεĴܾۻᣬͬҲһȦӣ֮䣬вģܽЩ׵ӪǾ͵ͨߵĽݣ´δػҪȴܹʡºܴĹͬһݾ
ߣǾͺֶΪء
һԱ˴Ŷȷѡ񡣡
̧ۿգҲڴڴμӵĴܣ׻Щʲôˡ϶ԼĴڡ
ˣڿ˰ɣҳϵ̻ʸϲȵı裬쳢
ʱϢĴһ
ȻԿ̻ʸһվǰƯһ裬ֱӱεڰաһֺõ˵
п̧ۿ˿Ц˵̻ʣۻΪ̫Ǵ߳ģôʱڣȥȺȮˣʲô
ٺ٣ˣⲻ𡣡
̻Ц˵


1838 Ҫ߾
ң
Цһµ㲻Ҿ㲻ˣңͲԽԶԽãȴרܹڣǼ鼴̻ʣ˵˵һ֡
Уǵ٩
̻ʲôԸ֪һܲͲΪԼһùһ취ûУܵƣ裬ΪʲôġʮֿգԣǶԶԶУתܵġ±ץסҪһʱ䡣
ھȻй
Ҫû£ŵġ
ˣ㿴ң첲ȣǿ׳
̻һȻ֪ڵ٩Ƥ޵ˣЩƤʲôܵȣǰ첲ŬҪڳһǿ׳ֻ̬ǣϣܿĵټĺۼֲţֻһֻѡ
ܸЦ
̻ԼȴκθЦѿġôţôĲҪ
צͷïܵëһɧֱ̬ɧĲС
񣬺ǿ׳ԡк˵Уһ㶼ûи̻ӵ˼
ˣ̻ʵģ㿴̻ߵﲻǾηмӣõ֤ǿǿ׳̻ʿԿ϶ڹУû˭ǱԼǿ׳ģԼռݴƯȮû˭ҿڷԣʵǿôֱӴֱ
ˣ㾿Ҫʲôֱ˵ɣƤѾǹ룬ˮˡ˵ûõġвɺЦ˵
˵ʮФս׻Ĺսûѡߣ㿴ǹлʵۣ¼һ޶̻ʣӵȮҪñ˵Ϲսʿǻ̻ͷʺһ㣬ԲԡҪսʿ
̻ʺԥĴ˵һļᶨ£˵Ǿͷȴ¡
ĵط˵ڴ֮УԲʲô̻ͷϣοãԼһФսʿȫʸʵô
һⶼûС
ȡҪȡ
öġ
У㲻ʺϡ
ŹֵĿһ̻ʣ뵽̻ʴФս׵Ļ棬ʱҡҡͷǻ̫ȫȥ롣ǻФػ񶼱һЦôܻӦ
ôʺϣ԰ҵŹƤˣ㿴ҿվһܣܳ衣̻ʴ˵첽ǰ˼˵Ż׼ڸ質һԼ
ˣ̻㲻ҪٺФս׶ӵ飬ӵǻۣǻѡУǱҲ޷ңѡĶ󣬿϶ˣһ㣬Ⱦͱųο̻Ƕһ޶ģαһͷڻ˵
Уǹս׵Ȯһ̻ʵġ
̻ɫ䣬ԥ˵
Ȯ
ɫʱʮֹŹ֣̻ʵĿֵ׽㻹ǳˣǲȮﶼܿĳ
Ȼʵ۾ɲῴǾȮҵһۿ֪һҪڱʣǱʵĻʺ󡣡̻ʹ˵Ǿģȫǲɶҡġ
˭
󣬶оһôģڣˣõģʲôֶζŪˣнӵ۹һ߳ȥûãԼܻˣһô򣬼ֱǲҪƤⶫȫ̻ʸˡ
Щ鱾۲ȥܣФػѡ˭޷棬ҲˣҪܵõս׵ϿɣǾб£Ǿ͹ֲ˭
ֻεĶһ仰ת뿴
ҵȮˡ
̻ʵõҪĽ󣬺ԥĳտ񱼶ȥеһöФǳڿ̻ʼһɧ
óһӣͷϸһͷë֪һīϡ
һɧģ
̻ʳФǳĻ棬ǿǱĿáФǳǱĿģκα仯һʱ֪ڿ̻ʣʱܾˡȫĿ
̻ʣ̻ʰܵФǳȥʲô
ҵ죬̻˴ĵҪʲôӣƺҪУ⵽ô¡öФڵǳĪ̻ڿФĴС
ܰһʼȷФս׵Ĵж壬˲ǹ̻ôҲܻɹġ
ĿúһǸоޱȺ뾪㤡̻ʳǿɶǰҰһƬǽ壬ʮֵĿ£ƻ޲ġ
̻һ׼Ҫ
бתҪȥ̧ۿ̻ʵľٶһ鴤оֲõԤСԤ൱ǿҡ
׼ãó
аɫֵĴ
죬̻ʾڴǰ칷ñҵİĽ֮ģΪˣ׼һ֮ϣ칷ܹϲ
̻պ󣬴Фǳ˵

ФǳϴһĻ
һסҵġ׸칷áϸ̻⣬һ˵ȻһֱӿʼݳԼ׼ĸ
ҰжҰм֡ҵҲ棬ҵİҲ棬ҵġ
˲䣬һֱӴԺڣ۾ðǣоǰ·һϣֵĲ϶𣬶绨ָо˲˱˸ǿ˹ͷȮһЦֳκ˺Ҫ¡ܵش
һѡ
ԥ׷УȻҲ޷ȫֵ̻ʵ˺ٻЩЧġ
ҰжҰм֣ҵ鲻ƣҵİ䣬ҵġ̻ļȥ
ҲҪġ
Фǳдһŭĺǳ
һǣѾҵģһ飬˼񡣡̻ʣȫںһѾԼĸ質֮У質һҪȫĵͶȥԲ˿Ҫֿ㷢õҡ

һǴƬڸлֲҾ徵Ļ治ϳ顣ֱ԰鶼ҪӰˡ
ԺиֳľȻҿͷȴһٽŴ󺺵Ŀֲ
Ļ󣬱ȱȽǡ
ϯ޷
ФǳвϲͻȻ仯Ϊһ⣬һɳ֮СȻ󣬾ôʧˡ
Ҫ칷ãҪҶȥҵĻʺѡңѡҰҲ칷̻ĿãһҽУͻΪһ⣬׷ȥһڻһߴС
֮ᡣ
£ȴдޣ޲ùƻ
ҵ죬̻ʳҪФս׶ˣոչս׵ûѡߣսʿλ𡣡
հԸֳһͷ


1839 ˶
սסˡ
ҵĹԹԣãͣˣҪټȥҸоԺڰ鶼Ҫ׾ˣжҪӰˣֲ̫ˣ̫ˡ
Фս׵鶼ס̻ʼֱײе㣬鶼Ź˹ֲ
֪սǶˣѡ˼̳ˣѡ񴫳ߣο˴ˡ֮ǰսӦûû׼ѡ񴫳ߣǱ̻ʸƵá
ţʵ̫ţˡ̻ʼֱѾ޵ˡȫɱ̫ˡ
̧ۿգл¶һǿҵĺ¡
ɲǲ°ǰãڸо̻ԽԽ£Щסȫǲֵҡ
УұҪһԵס̻ħıħҲپһˡһᷢġ칤Уһһ˵
һҪ
ˣҪڽĻϣ书ܡҪֹħҪֱֹϮħһ㣬Ѿ̲ݻˡ
̻ʣ鶼ƵĲòӶݣᡣ˼һѡ˭Ȼôһˡ˵Ļ˵Ǻ¡
ͬĿһУ̻ʵĸڲǰȷʵоޱȿֲڽ̨ңͳۼ̳֮䣬ϵԴ̻ܵʸдݳС
ǴݳħѾӰ죬νħͻƲۼ̳ػ׾ͱѹǲεĲͬĲͬ仯
Ȼûиожô̶
̻ʲϱǿڲϵӣֻҪ˶ãͻӿ¡Ψ̻ʵԸ̫ͷʹ
˼û뵽ѡôһˣȥŽ˵ѶϢռ͹ʱþ
п˵
һ̺ȻĴӦ
ȻϢľʹʧ
ڵ۹УԴӿͶֱ֮ӽġɾ׳ؾ󣬶ңе̣ŶɾǼֱϣ֮ǰġͯӹҪϣǿٳɣɳǳ죬ٶȡͻͽ
۹Уÿһ̣һǿߡ
ɾ¼ٳɾ֮һֻҪҪǸʣǰᣬٶȣ쵽˷ָңⲻħͳĵҹת˻ټϿⷢŵһЩԴ۹е̣ģѾﵽĽ׷ླ۳ࡣ
ǿģѾͻԪ񾳡
ʱƣ۹е̣Ȼøǿ̶ͬѨ
һ죬δزܴﵽǧ̣ȫǵ̨ǿߵĵزʱǧ̣ƽ£ޱȵ۹µĽǵģ۹ǽ
۹ӵеɲ٣Ѿﵽⲻһŵ֣ײûҪרŴѡӵܾ빬ⲻ˵һʼоûͬҲû´
ѡεģǱ̫࣬ѾԭУǹ̫ˣвȱǽ۹Ϊֻ̣йУǲŲܵӣǿĿ⣬ʵԼֵң߾Ȼռ൱һ֡
Щߣƺһ̫ࡣѡתûˡ
䡣
ѡʱмˡ
Щ˶ѡ۹ҲǸȫµһڵ۹вûյӣңиǸǸǰ벻ԻϡһأҪ˵ģǶеٮٮߣĲ۹ޱȾ޴󣬰棬㲻ʲôٶ࣬Ҳ¡
ڣȻ㹻ˡ

ûãԵִ۹ǰһ鱨
ǰףڸɽǣ䶨Ӻ󣬱ֳһּΪڵѱңóѵɽѰ޼ȮѵΪԱõȮڸɽУԳȮΪƷڶ࣬ңЩȮܱ߱ߴΪ֮Ϊ
йۿʱҲԻ㱨
С
ѱֻѵޣͳͳңԼҲʮϲȮѵȮипѰҩģп׷ٵټģпѰģһս޵ģָȮ乷֮ķܶͽ˶רǰһֻȮ
ɼ乷֮ǾԲٵġ
˼⹷̻Ҫ׷ȥֻһϷҪˡ
Ȥ˵
˹սʿһФػѾǹλˣΣȴûֱ¶⣬ʱһҲûʲôÿԻһФλҪƽӡʱȫûбҪżı󶯲
һһȤ顣
̻Ѿ׷ȥˡ
ȻȤȴûЩ˼ȥЩҲǸӡ

硣
ȻԿۼһ
ŵӰԵЩĬ
ûгȫ׼£˵۹һȫȻϢֻ˱ʣȻ˶ǿסġѾƾٵϿɣȡˣ纣ɰٴѾٽƣ۳ʥͥĽޣѾˡҪ˶ãȻʥͥ
𻺻˵
κõû
׵ȻȫҺŪǣǸûнǾŸ۵ףȫȫڴףУǿõģǾǺõô
ֱ̫ˡ
ôʱ䣬׶ûг⣬ǵǻۣܿеԭ
ΣѵǻԳ֣ؼɲ֪˫۾ڶǡҪǽʥͥǾ͸ӲöԸˡ
Ҳҡҡͷ˵
ߣ̲ˣҪʥͥɾԱôףȻòǾͻΪûа취֪ʲôŭ𡣡
ħЦ˵
УһɭϢǲоǵĺ⡣
ħ֣ɱʲôɵ¡ԳֵġУײô򵥵ġ
˵
ģȻԳ֣ҪʹңǾܡ
ħЦ˵
Ѿ⣬¶ģһѵǾԲưոݵģңΣǽѵҪٵףòǾͻٵֱӵİ취ûбõġ
ȵ׽֮ʱͻ֪˶Ĵ󡣡
ħٴ˵


1840 ħ̥ ħ
֮佻һȥڵ֮С
ħ𷵻صģԼٳ磬Ҳħ磬ǰǾģħУħеףκʿǿ̤ȥҪܵ޴ѹƣͬײεĴܽȥܵѹơ
ħ룬һ޴̫ħɽħɽϣһ޴ĹϺȻֳ֡ħħĵס֮
ħеĺڡ
̺һԴԴϵԪ͵ԴȪһеԴͷ
վħǰħķȥֻħУȻֳһֻֻдһ·ѪһĹܵӵһöö޴ĺɫ޼룬˵ĻǾͺһһ̡̥Ǵľ̥ÿһ̵̥ĴСٶϰɴСǧɣǧɣɴС
ÿһֳɫɫУֳָɫ˸
ܿصУɫԴԴϵ˳ע̥֮Уÿһֻ̥붼Ȼͬлصһ㡣
ǻûܴ̥иоһֿµǿħаһԨ
ܿ죬ܿҪˣЩǱѹ̣˭Ʊ𣬶ҪԤ벻Ĵۡףͽǵһ˭ֹΪħ͵ħ¡ֻЩħǧ壬ףʲôħ˭ס
ħա
Щ̥УĲǱģһµħЩħȡؼ亣ĸǶħȫЩħϣһЩħӵޱȿµͨ磬ʿɽʱħϮħգʿ˵пµв
ͻƵļʣ˶Ŵ
ħʩϣ־
ؼȨ
ңħͬԼĵմ
磬ĻƽʿѪѪޣааħȵȣЩĵմǴ־
ڴ󲿷ʱΪ𣬸׳֣Ҳغ档ôһ飬³ȫԼ⣬̫ˡĵϵȻžԱҪġ
ңֻϣڵϣȻܿħĻԵʮֶӣ˵ȱԪħħŨκζ츣ѷɫǿֻǣܶӣҽֿµѻʺ棬ǿС
ңħУҲûͨͨ顣
ϸȥССĳӡ
ЩӺܹ죬͸éӵĳһֺܲͬɫͬǺɫģУǵϣв֣ͬг͵ģг۾ģг䣬֮ġҲȫģгø޵ģͬģǹ졣ɢȴħ
Щӿɲ򵥣ħ档
ǻ᲻ϵܱߵͬ࣬ؼĸ֮ٳɳɱ䣬ɱɳ۳٣㣬۳۾ǾܹͫģҲĿƽʱĶ졣
һ۳̬ǽΪһħͷݱʲôħͷǾͿѡԵħпɻħȵȣǧٹ֣ħһħͷĸԴκħֵ֣֡ʮ顣
ܿħУÿʱÿ̶кħеЩħ棬Ǵ֮ȻҲֻħĻ뷨£ħ档
ʣʱƣЩħ涼µħϯ䣬Ҳֻ׾ٵ顣
ˣҪ˶þܳˡ
ħһħ̥ħ棬⽫ħһɳǴ־

Ѫ⣬һ߲ʺȻԿź⣬һ֧˲ڳ⡣
ϸȥ֧УȻӵһۣɫеĳɫۣҲɫеĳɫţ٣һҳɫ۰Ȼ
ų̤콢ϡģһҵߣһ죬ϣֳһЩͬɢҲȻͬķ϶չֳɽӡ
Ǵ׵Ĺ졪ɽ졣
ڣǴɽ֮УΪ
һ棬ǳɫŵĳ졣Ѫսս죬ܹ۳սĹ屦ÿһ֧Ŷܾһ档
ǼձȺ򡣡
̧ۿܣѪǺҲǰĺܿձȺŲͬƬУһ㵭ڣޱߺУ˵ȫǶвСӰ죬ͨ˵ˡĻúƬУӵķ
ųǿãôһץΣƫƫǳɫŸץˣл𺣵һΣҪһЩ׬ȡѫʱ򣬿ԻȡԴøǿɾԲܴôõĻᡣ
ڸߣһ˷ܵĿ˵⸱ܴ󺣡Ҳ߳ĽܳսսϣҲ¹պսսһǾһʮ˷ܵģ
УսǹѫδǨ
һδץסᣬͱĽʵĺܡ
ȻҪսڳɫŵ硣
ţγҪĿģǽҴ׵ձȺ򴫲ȥڳǰұڻˣǽ𺣵Ҫܺľ庣ͼȫǳڸ½ϣһӣձȺͬǴ׵Ľ򡣡
һƬȡ
״Ͳֻ嫺ֻڳѣһɳ׽ԭȵȥžˮɵ飬ձȺǴ׵Ŀ֮һ
һΣǾǳȷ
ʹʮش
Բа⡣

һ£һҳɫͬʱʼǰʻ۲ûиգںϣֱƶˮǰǰСٶȼ죬콢Ϊͷֳǰһκε˲Ӧ
ǰĹУ˿ûаи
İﺣ֮࣬ûܹ㣬ںУǴŴĺ֣Щ֣ޱȣŹ죬ﲻǴףڵĹ£ħ֣ޱȡ


1841 
⣬ǽȻͬ硣
ı仯ʵ̫ˣ˵ħܶ౾ֻޣޣձĴУǿҲΪ壬ɱħһҲǰһǵƻǿʼĿģǻ۵ľۼͬľۼһ
ǿĻСģΪһӵԵһ۳š
Ѳĳ̶ȣν˲ͷŴʮֱֹ仯ڲϵļӾ硣ÿ춼ڷı䣬ҪûоĴʩƣȻΪؼĴ󻼡ȻױȵĺôĲֻҪһ뿪ѪǾĸܵ
ħ֮ŨԶǴ׸򡣡
ֲ֮ܵͬձȺеУ͸һħ֮һƬøӵĿ¡ҲԵĸпڴ֮иá֮ͬ
֮ڣޣޣ׼лľ׼ɾ
һΪ׾ڣֻҪڴ֪ͨڣ´Ҳûʲôܹɾֻܳ飬ңֻҪţҲŸǹȥȻȻһж嫺һֻҪձȺȫռݣҲı䡣
ȻѾħĴתȥȴֹԺټȻħȻҪħǵħعɣѾǾ塣ľ
ڼձȺдħңǴħһ㣬Դӿ뵽УѾĸоЩħȫǺڴƺܸоɫŵķâҿǰûͷԵײȻǲܣһ޲ýԼϢ䵽¡ԽԾԽá
ȻǱںףûҲǡ
εҪĿģǽ𺣵ܱ̽ߵľ
۵ٶȺܿ죬ûãͽձȺ
ЩԾ
ܴһĨ˵
ҲˣЩԣפسǵĽʿ˵ܱȷʵʱܿкټֻǶ֪ѪǵҴϣԶԶۿͻߣײ῿Ѿ뿪ѪǲյƬӦҲǺԾôһûЩԾ
΢΢ü˵
ЩԾĵط
鱨ձȺ򣬺УǴССĺڸ죬̴ǽӵĿ꣬ȴ˵ƽ³֪ͨȥȫʿǿ䱸
һɫ۵Ҳ˳ȣҡҡͷ˵
߸ʿУ䵱ıĽɫΪıߣȻֻнȨľȨھųС
ոѾ̽ܣȷʵûкĺۼңϢ׽ζţ쵽ʱ䲢ûг
ţȻйųӥѲܣ̽һкۼ
׵ͷ´
תۼ䣬һֻֻӥЩӥʮֵ׳䣬һۿȥ˲ǿҵѹⲢӥԻĻޣֵõĴУǿǻ޵Ķ⴫֮һַϵ󣬻̺ӵ䡣
ǷɵģһǻԻϷļԭȵûͬǿ󣬶һ֣ؿ꣬뵽еһ֣Ҫֻ꣬˻ؿ꣬Ļޡܹһǻۣ
ңܹѶϢȫˡ
ǻ޵֮
Щӥǻޣڣ̺Ǵӥڳ鴤ĿꡣԷգ̽ѶϢ鱨ڲڴ׾ڵ£սеóھó
ЩӥʱڣѲǧǿԽ̽鵽ѶϢѰҺ
һֻֻӥڿѲӣûжã׷׷ء
ݻѶϢûҵκκȴ֣ܱߣŴĵ죬ЩķΧںУֻһ죬Ȼǵ죬Ҳǧˣ˿סγһһ⡣
󣬴ڸͬ壬壬Ҳ塣ǲûʧʧֻǺϵĺȺ壬⵽ô¡
΢΢ü¶һ˿档
Ҫ֪ΪʲôȻҪҼձȺԭȵҵһʣӦþʲôԭ򡣡Ц˵
ĸʿԲܲעѶϢﺣⱣûԸ⿴𣬱ٵͬʱҪ
ͲúȺ峹׻ʧ
ںĶ򣬲֪ܲ
һԿټӥݵѶϢǺڷۣƤˡӦÿԸ׵Ľͷʾͬ
漴ûгɣĿٴйȥ
ڴУ˷ˣһȻ
ʱͿһ޴ĵǰ
ϸȥ·һ޴ԲεΣ죬ڼձȺУ֮ΪҬֵҲܼ򵥣ΪŴҬԳҬӣҬӿɲ򵥣ޱȸңĹͨҬӸӺóԡͨ˳ˣǿ塣
ʿˣ΢Ԫ˵ѾǸʮֽӽģǵϵһҬӴҬҬ֭ͬҺϵȵԴڵϣÿһҬѪᣬΪֻҪռݣͿһȡԴ
ҬǴҬɱģһлԵͻᷢݼҬƷףԴﵽؽĲΣѾ൱
ҬǿЩҬӴϻȡԴġڸСͬҲǺӵҪĿ֮һ
и壬Ы壬ȵȡ
ۼһ𣬽һ޳ǣҬǡ
ŴĴկ
ǹҬͳΡ
ں棬ҲдԲΪܿĳЩһǿ׳ˣҬԣԪǱĬ£᲻̶ͬȵӣԶͨҪǿĶࡣ
ܱߣȺûǿǣܶ
쿴д
Ǻ𡣡
ɫսӣоӣǺ
ĺϣɽ죬пûġⲻǺľӡ
һЩ񿴵һ֧ӴĴӹһͷҪܣΪǺϸۿ󣬷ֲǺŷ׷ͣ½ŲĿ֧İĽӡ
ۿ
һ޴ġסڷвƮ


1842 ֣ ۻ
֣ǡס֡
ܱΪôû˵ӴĽӣȫǾսʿ֮ǰкҪǿľӡ
ǼձȺ𡣺û˵УҲܽӴĽӣȺɲŶ޶ԡ
Ŀã¶֮ɫ
ͬʱҲڰв²⣬⵽ĽӣľӡҪ֪ձȺУ£½ϲǽǻǽٴ󣬺ϵȺ̫⣬ΨһľǺֻҪκҷչʵҴ
ֱ״ݻٴкΪֹȻ̴⣬̴ֻӣ״ݻ̴̴ǰĽӣֻҪֱǾ;Բ׷Źһͬ蹷һϯ֮ݻ١״촷ۡ
ȻкܴܣԼձȺ֮⡣
˵ǼձȺڵһƬ嫺ĺ嫺һ˳׵۳Ľ˵嫺ڴ׵ͳ֮£׿ڱ߽紦Ѫأûо˭޷ͨ⽢ɽ죬֣ĪԴ׵ĺ
۾һ̲ס˵ԼеĲ²⡣
ֲ²ģǼֱµĴ¡᳹Ӱ쵽δ
飬ܿҬдݹȥ
ҬеĳҲ֣֣֥ͨҬУ֣Ҿǵ֮ͳߡ˵֣ҲһֻӻԾںϣƽʱ߸죬ó׽һţ֣ҵĴʱһȺᣬͻ¶нӡ
Ȼǲģ˭ҿ϶
ֻ˵ִŲһΣѨдţȻԴ
У֣֥ڣڸеģĶ֣ɹ֣֥ȣ֣ɹҲûѷɫ٣νǻӣһ֣֥ڵĻ֣ɹָˣڳʲôңܶζˣһֱûгκӣԴˣ֣֥ʮַġ
ܿ죬Ϣʹݵ֣ɹС
ʲôӳҬ⣬ңڷٿ˵Դ׵۳ĺҪּձȺ򡣡
֣ɹһĨȻ
оκˡ
´ʵ̫ˡ
죬ǰۿڡ
֣ɹ뵽еϵ´ҪձȺĻձȵĸ֣ᷢ췭ظĸı䣬ֳ޷ģǶںǻԵĴײܻкԼĿƽ֮ڡ
֣ɹ꣬濴ֻжʮ꣬ȴٵȻǾܹɳġ
һ߿ٳŸۿڸȥһ߰ԽǣǴˣ֣ҸúȥδӣԴ׵ƣܹ֮ܽң׵߹Ҭеİնᵹף򱳣Ǿһжˣң׿ǴŴ뿪ǧҪ׵ľӡ
˲ôܻ᲻֪֣ҵ̶ӣʱȻ̶ӣĳЩ£ͬԻΪֽӵģط֪ںУ֣ҲǺպġ
Ȼʱûд֣ҵš
ֻͨǲ²⣬ֻҪûȷϣǾʲô鶼С
ң֣һѷɫʮ溣ս֣ͱţһսഫǵ֣ʱ󱦴ҵĿսգ֣Уں£ձȺȴҲ֣ͱɱ䣬ӵо˵˿ʮ溣ѷɫֻ֣һֱǳ䵱ʱʩչȫƬУͲʮ溣ʮһλ
һֱ֣ҷеĶǵ͵ˣߵ¡
ڴһı仯ǵ߸Եģ˿̣Ҫ֪ģĽӣǲǴ׾ӡ
ܿ죬֣ɹۿڣܿۿ⣬գúеĿ⿴棬Ŀ֣ɹеظǿҼ֡
ڸ
Ȼ£ϣŵơ
ҲĽģǴһδδ
ƴ
֣ɹҲֻĽ޷ȥһ㡣̫ˣǴʮŬĽ
һ߹Ļۡ
Ӻִܿۿڡֻǿûֱӵ½ءʾ̬ȡ
ҬҬǳ֣֥֮ӣ֣ɹʽӺζҬкҪ¡֣ɹһǰһŸڵλùѯʵ
Ǵ׵۳ɫţɫžų
֣ɹҲǰԵͷ϶ܿӹţң壬ͬѪüһ˿׽˵˴ǰӦ»ʳ֮룬ǰձȺ򣬽𺣵ѲӺλģҵȲǺ˺ǡ
Уһּᶨ˰ƽ
г׵İ
ףǴס
Ȼ
׾ȻҪձȽ𺣵ֱϲ¡
̫ˣдڣЩĺܸñȥǲⱵ棬ѹȥ
쿪۰Ǵ׽Ǳ˶꣬εˣ֮Щ񣬾Ϊûܹѹǵڴˡ
ǣεϣϣ𺣵ǶԸΪ׵İգ񡣡
ܱһ˷ܵˣ޲ôֱӾɱձȺһ̾ͽռݣ׵ɽ죬ԼͿԳΪ
˵еİգǿǸɾһȫ޷ȡ
ȻڲձȺ򣬿ȴϣ
δڰ
ԭǴеǰҬҬԣ֪ʲôģһΪá֣ɹͫ΢΢һ漴Ϳ˵
ţ󶯸ɸ꣬ǰһҪѯǡ
˵
뽲
֣ɹæ˵
νձȺȴûںϿκκ뺣֮ǰ鱨֮УŴССĺܻһ˿ټҲ⵽ô£Ҫ֣ӽ󡣡
˵ʡҳԭǰҲͽ޹
ջԡ
ԭ¡
֣ɹ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫæ˵֪ڼձȺУຣۼһ𣬽һˣ֮Ǻۣ֮ܵ£ʮ溣ݺ˵Ĵͳÿʮ꣬Ҫǰ˾ۻᣬǽһκʢᣬУ££кںϣǻںопʢᡣкҪǰݺۡ


1843 
£УνǼձȺѵõʱ⣬ܶൺ죬ǳµʱ䣬ҵͨޣн̴ĹģҲƽʱΪûкԭ򣬰ȫԿνǴȻĻᣬʲôջǿɾȫˡ
ȻĴͳ
öһۣпһ˿Σ֮ǰôû뵽ں֮УȻôһִͳڣȫǳ
̫ˡ
ڵصʲôλã֪֣Ƿܸ֪ĳм
һ󿪿ѯʵ
ֻҪʧˡ
֣ɹҡҡͷЦ˵ĴӪʲôط˵ǣǺǼձȺص֮һ
֪ص㣬ǰġ
ÿһ˿ֱ׷ʵ
Ҫ֪ص㣬֪ĺԻȡԺ˵ıӾˣֻҪʱһͿƾ躣еĽҡң׼˵һͿԴǰ˵Ĵţ̤ȥֱӵִﺣˣԣԴû˭ܹ֪ôȥҲ޷֪
֣ɹҡҡͷ˵
˵ڣһֱһܡû˭Կ̽Ϊʲôúһֱ̩ɽûʲô׺˵ġ
𣬺·ʱ̡
ʲô
΢΢üѯʵ
ܼ򵥣۰˹ꡣ֣ɹ΢ص˵Ȼ׼ңͿԴǰ˵ͨͨ޷ֻкſԣͻܵ۵Ŀעӣݣֻкܽ룬ǺҲκηӦԣڵأΪֹһܡ졣
һ㣬ǼձȺУݺ۵ԭ֮һкˣǾһޱȰȫ·еνǼûУѵİȫݡ
Ȼüû취ҵأҵǺۡ
ûУΪֹûκ֪;ǰˣҪеĻӦҲǺԼдţڵأڼձȺ֮УĿռؾ֮СǼ٣˿֤ʵ
֣ɹЩ⣬˵֪޲ԣ޲Լ֪һ飬޾ϸ˵˳¶ĳġ
ԴףɲˣʲôС
ҪһЩϵ˴˵ľ룬ҬȣǺʣǼʯͷĲࡣ֣ͱţҲ뿹⡣
Ĳ˵ǰЩɫۣǲ紫漶ĺҲѷɫ˶٣ۣһңһңֱӰǰԲһĴ٣ڶԣҪ֣ͱԳɫţ֧Ų˼֣ͻᱻǿдݻ٣׻
ôǿ
֣ӣ֪ҬУǷܱߺĺͼеĻϣԽһݣǻḶӦļ۸񡣡ҡҡȣһת漴˵
ȻҲˣֻ˶ΣҵӦĺͼԴ׽ձȺǰڵ׼
ͼȷʵУֻǸĺͼ׼׼ȷҪȥ֤֣ɹһ⣬ѾԤУձȺȻѾ뵽׵Ŀ£ڲ֣гֵʱʱǰģͲǰһ֧ţɽ麣Х
ѹǾҪ
Уûеڶֿܡ
ͼУȻܲ
־һѺõĽҬϵĸҬӱռһҬ綼˼꣬ȻУǲûаãǸǮģƵҡ
ڿ˵Һ۾⣬ǳͬǾ޴ģңûа취ȣǾϣǼֵ϶ˡ
ųɫŽԶȥ
֣ɹһöңһĨ֮ɫҹȻңȷʵڱϿɵΨһң⺣ң޷ȡ̫ˡ
У⣬Ȼܿһöɫĺң⺣ϣһӡͷͼݣһӡһҺҵעʮ
ֿܴ£䱾ϣͬձȺͨңഫ⺣ҾһаһĻԼ嶯壬뵽֮Уղ뺣СڼձȺУУΪÿ춼дպңձӰ쵽ԣѡΪ˺
ǲģû˭ܹ֤ʵ
ܶ͵ڰжƺҵͨ뷽跨ķԼϵĻңֱԾʯңҲҵͨͺҬУҲ취һֽҬңߣֻҲǲˣȴ޷ȣҲ޷ȡ
Կܵգ޲ǶʮֵϲУǶǰ֣Ȼں֮䣬ֱܡȫܵ
ǰȥμӺۻᣬ֪һλ᲻ʲôʣֻ£Ҳòˡ֣ɹһĨأеĴһ׵۳ǽձȺ֣ԵģӪѡǳΪǳΪһòԵѡ
ֻ֣֥
غ֣ҵδ
ǰֻף۽Ӵף׵ǿ֮ոûпĻЩϵĽʿͨģΪ綼ﵽླոģϰȫǷླ֮ϵʿǶô£ֻҪԸ⣬ȫԽҬѹݻ١

뿪Ҭ϶¶֮ɫ
֣Ҳ򵥣֣ɹΪȻҲﵽླ丸׿϶ǿ֣ǰƺ˵΢΢ü˵
Ȳ֣ҵһΣǰձȺֻ֮ǰĿ޷ɣںˣ޷ҵ;ǰĻǾֻά״ռձȺͼѶϢȴżĺôٲõкǵĲ衣Ц˵
еñʧⶼԵġ
ںѾ޷Ǿ˶ΣȻƳ꾡ĺͼҲһ󹦼ȥǹѫ
ţУǱѰǰ˵;ţ˾Բֻһ϶취ֻҳܳҪȻǽһ֣ģҲ䲻ҸȼɲǴ׵ͳΡ
һĨ֮ɫ
֮ǰûиܵѹ
ΪںϣأҲ׽


1844 ʮФλ
ڿѶȣ˲ӪҲζţҡ˺ĸǽ𺣵壬˶ؼģҪҳ˵ڵء
±۾λܷҳҵ˵;
΢˵
ɲźĿ˭޷ҵǵټȻа취ֻǺѶѣѲ£ֻҪҵһжֵáοţԴȺǻۣȻҵһͨ
ţŵ۾϶а취ο߸еĲʿڶ࣬˵ǻۣһҵ취˲ָţ׿ɲЩ˲ÿվ£ǻǻ֮ײܲױȵ費𻨡
ɫżڼձȺΡ
ûв£ѰҸ졣һ̽鵺Ƴ꾡ĺͼҪ׵۳ѶϢ֪ˣڲõĽȻټձȡ
ǽʩеͼķʽȥЩͼᶼרƺõģд׸ɳǵĻ棬аĻ棬챦ȵȡ
һ棬ȫɵõģȫĽѡ޲ͳΪ
ɫÿһøĸ
Ǵ׵۳ôĽ˾޴ɳǣȻԾס˿ڣⷱ󣬱κγҪ֪ٱ
ɳѹҰԲǧڣһɳǡɳڣ帩ףǺε顣
ͽˣ֮У˶˶ܳΪʿ׵۸Զ£֮УĹߣֱǲ˼飬ɹ
ƽʣֱǷʢ޷󣬾ȻигΣҰ
յĳױ
׵ֻ棬ǲĳʵ̫ˣģεģѾȻϢһӣһŶԴ׹ĵӣֻҪʱһȻῪûκ赲
ˮ
ǣ֪Ӱǵģȴ˭κ춯׶˵ǲԽĴɽѹ֮󣬱ԺҪǿңֻš

ʱȻš
֮Уҵĳɳ
ƾٺ˳;ϣһΪѡ˲ţг֮ž;вʮ򡣻иҪ˲ţͬǺģޱȾˣô׵˲Ŵӣ̸
֮УѡĽš
Щţʷ¹ģͬҲд㡣ЩӱȻ뵽ûְУһȵ֮ٽ뷷⡣Ҫ齨ְλڶ࣬ٶĽҲࡣ
ڿƾ֮󣬴׵ķչٴν쳵
ÿ춼иֻʩƣν졣
֪У¹ȥ
Ȼ䣬Ѿʮʮʮߡ
ڴСɽǡ
УһԺ䣬ſҡɽӡ
ԺУȻһȮЩȮͻȻ䣬ͬʱʧţƺĳֿµѹƣǲֹͣл
ֿʼˣ̻Ҳ֪ģֱӶ˹Ȼ£һ첻䣬ÿ춼ɽӵ⣬Ҫһǧˡ
˴ſ·¶һ˿¡
ǰ֪Ϊʲô̻ͻȻɽӣһȥ󣬾ͶҪȮų˵ʲô̻ʵĻʺ󡣲Ҫɽг裬ΪĻʺչ¶¶İ⣬Դġ
ֻϡ
֪̻ǲԼ̳ФĴУҪᴫˡĪԵôܻȻ̻ʵĸҲǾ²ѣڣе̻ڴɳУ質򣬾ͻᱻֱӹؽաе̻ȻʣҲҲ
ܸ質£̻ҲʹҪô
ÿ춼ɽӣʲôǶңлϵ߶
Ȯ
һʺ󡣡
ԧĶˡ
Ƕ԰¡ǰĹ֡

ûû˵ϯҲھ١ȻҲײУҲ̻ǲеս裬ֱʩչԼѵҪ̻ѱ֤Լѵ˫
ֱâһ£˭û˲
ֻϧ̻ƺЩѵȫߣ˿⣬ʩչǲɽôһҪõǵȮ
죬̻ٴε
ܿڲϳ鴤
ܲˣʮФսʿλ
ɽУһϺȡ
ڶϺУһ˲У߲ʺʺѾȻĽȥ
̻ʣͷʹҪһʱ䣬ڿҲʱˣҲӦƿˣʼŷӡͷվ˲
ڵ۹еУ̧ۿգεҡҡͷ漴¶һĨȻѾλǾûʲô˵ģһ״ƽ⡣
һ䣬ƳѾֳ嫵ɳǣɹ󣬲ϱ任еǷ
ǵ۳ǡ
۳һֱգôͻȻֳ
ĿãӸעӹ
Ŀдһֳ𾴡ɳǵϡ
ʮФػ񣬹λ
һ˲䣬۹ڣһϵĻؼ䡣
ڻ¼䣬ȻԿƳϿգһ޴ͼƾճ֣Ϊһ޴Ĺ⻷գ⻷УٲȻܷ֣ʮФӰ
ֻǣ΢ԵЩá
Фػսʿַ壬λ
һϺ漴ͿһַսףȻ⻷УеںϣŹâ˲ޱߡͼת䣬
Фػսʿܻλ
Фػսʿɣλ

ţͿһ⻮գͨ쳹أɳܣ·һͨأ񷡣
׷ͼһ
ÿλһλжε׽
ʮФػڹλ
׾ڣͬʱաֻ棬񼣣һĻĻ𺳡ÿһػɢѹյΰ
ãʮФѾȫԲФͼȻкļѾֲ׵ȴһ⡣ܵĸоεѹϯͬʱҲһʱоǽͼ۳ʼвȵļ
ɲʲôͷı仯൱¡
Բ䣬ҪƿǾʮФػһ˭ãʱȻ˵
սܣĸԲԸġ
Ƕo档


1845 
ҪܣҲҪսĵ·ϣܵ·ϣһ仰oؼ߰һڣ飬ҪˣԼĶ
һսѾɱ⡣ǸԼҵҪףҲһҪսǵķɡ
ĸһ̣˿û飬ϵ˵
ֻǣһʵ̫ˡ
ȫ벻׾Ȼǿĵ̣ƿǵĽǳԤƵ顣ʮФػ񣬾Ȼ˿ٶȱѡγңÿһ龳ǿʵ£̨ôףƾʮǿߡĵ̣ÿһѷɫ
ɳǰǲ
Ǿ͸ʮФػսһ˭ǿ
Ҳͬ
ȻѾȷҪףΪеoⲢչ¶Լж󣬾ܻȡôܵõء¹ԼĽӲ˱һս
˼ʮФ󶥼ײҲϴײ
ɽׯУ鹫һĲ԰ףԵúѪɫȤĿգйâת˵еһӣʼУնħܶ˶׼ǰҪ˶ã׶ø֡
Ϣ֪ܶŵ顣
ŵӳǴڶԣУѾдŵӽףڻҰնħҲڻԴ
ֻǣзɭϣգǿЦģһͻᱻżãţǿɲͨĲ죬һǸ֣ܶڵʿҲѡţ񣬻ȡѫһϡȱԴ
֮кУһջ
бءܻȡûеԴ
ҪҪڴµĻбѺŵӣеıʡ˭ҪģȫԳһ¡
ȻǺ󻰡
鹫ȤĿա
ѵһĴ棬ô״
鹫ˣڴпɲЩڴеĸţ޲һָӵĿ⿴ա׵Ĵڣգɶ˵ȴǼһεļ޷ڣң޾Сŵĸ߰ڴǰȫǺá
Фػսʿλ
һ£ȻԿΪ⣬ʮФͼ֮Уȥ
꣡
¡¡
ʮФλ˲䣬ʮֱںϣУȻһ޴ĴƾճɳϿգܿͨ쳹أʵʣɢ޾Ľ⣬УȻܿʮФ̾ϣдﶬļ任ʱת·ܿļãѩա
Ǵ£ؽá
Ф
վڵ۹УոֵĴһĨɫ֣ȻȻĴݳµķϣޱȡ
ҵ죬Ҹоϸܵ˸ָĵϣǰϵ⣬һӵõ𣬶ңжӡңڵϱԴҲӣǷ򰡣Ȼĳǰ
Ҳоˣҷ·𿴵ǰ·ڷۣԭҪʮʮϰٱָоͺͻȻһ̫ˡ
ФʮФ۳Ĵ̺ʱļؽʱ⣬ֱá˼飬컯
ڿ͸о·״̬ӣϱԴ׳
ʲôشʵʻ״̬ǰͺһݴֱӽ𰸰ǰһԭȲᣬڿһۺҲȻ򡣰п
¡¡
ڴ˿̣ȻܿУ׵Ŀʼп¡粻ϣһ·ĩ٣ȫȻеѳֳչֵ쾡¡

׵籩֮УȻԿһ޴֣ڲϱ任ɫܿ籩籩꣬ѩ죬ֵȵȡЩһγһ޴ĴͬʱпĵеoȻǷ׵
ͬһ
Ǿз׵ϵʿգڿ͸оԼϱԴĸ˲ʮֹǰ·ǰȫǽıԴչǰ
ڴ׽еνô˼վҪƳĿãǱ¶һĨЦݡĳ֣ζţ֮ǰ˼·ûдФȷʵӰ죬һ۳ФҲòи֡
ĳ֣ʱͿУͬʱûκγɣֻͬʱŶԷײȥһֿµƣһ֣ĸо
ݻ٣
Է״ݻ٣ѹ¡
飡
εȿ£ͬʱײһ𣬼ڷײײͬʱУƬŤ׵ıߣ籩꣬ذǰһףһǱѩ죬žǱ衣ȫȫĩڽ١
Ƿ֮ײ
Ľ档
棬һʼֻһΪսᡣ
ֻһ֮£ȫܸܵ龳ǿߴУᱻ˲˺Ƭɼճ̶жߡ
ң߼䣬ûκλΣһıƶûãֱӵĴ档
һ֣ײͿ˭Ĵǿ
飡飡飡
ͺɽһ㣬ײһÿһζǵĩһ㣬һΣΣΡ
ÿһײĺ˫ҡҡ׹·һ̣ͻᵱʹȥҲתĳΪ¡
ܿ棬Ѿܹۿġ
ձܵһָӦ붼룬׷׽۾ϣס֮ǰĽٴó
꣡
֪ײΣһޱ׵ĸֳϸȥȻܿϣϸСѺ۲ӡ
Ҫֳʤˡ
ѷɫһФ
ĿѺۣǿз׷һͷ
Ѿףʼ·磬޷Ф⡣
Ⲣ˵ФǷ׵۳ʮФػ۳ФǿʤĹؼκδ۷塣
ʤѷ֣λoԸһ
ǰ̤һգ̧ۿ˵Уһϡ
УĻ棬֮ʧ໥š
ɵģһžӡ


1846 
ûг̫ãУâһ֮ɢԭȵλϣȻֳĵӰ֮ͨУͨ˵Ŀض޷͸ǵòһۣܵķɡ
һ仰˲ֱ顣
Լǻᵱġ
Ȼ֮ڣûͨˣ˶ʿңһʵΪң׵£ȻкܹأȴҲûյɣꡣ
Ȼһأ赲Ǵ׸߲ߡ
ڿҲһ̾Ƕеĵĸ񣬵治Ůӵеʣǳһȡ˾ޣвµʥࡣ
񣡡
ĸ
񣡡
񣡡
׵ۡ
׵໥һۣͬʱ΢΢һУûκεǿĸоϴݶѹѹζʲôǺ
񡣡
׵ͷ˵۵Ը֮ǰѩŮӦѾ֪λ֪ǵΣҴףǷλۡ
Ļ֮ǰѾͨѩŮͷųȥʱ㹻ϸҪҪܴ׵Ϊ׵뷷oһ𣬳Ϊ׵һԱ
ȻܴӦȻǺãӦδҲԽһѡ𶥼oʵϣ˿ģָ
ܵõĸ룬׵ĵ̾͸
ͬһֱ۷ĿׯǰޡĳЩϣŸӾ޴ơ
Уָʥأƽ°㣬ûӵд׵֮ǿһͣϡֻҪ˶ãͻʥͥ
񿪿˵УЩǷԷθǹά
ЩǿԿõʵ
ʥͥ¸ѮҲʮԪʮ壬ԪڹнأʥͥҴףҪһ۳ҪΪؼ䣬һʥͥ
кڵ˵
ͼƣҲƿǵڽ·ϵһ谭ͳͳѾɢ¸£Ԫ󣬾ǽ֮ʱһ˭赲
еĻ׵񼸺ͬʱһȻѾһ׼ϾҪʥͥϢֳ൱޴ʥͥѾ۳޴Ĳ죬κʥͥ൱еʥأǸǿֵ̣һʥġ
ؼĶܣҲ޷׸һʥͥǿͳ׵飬һ֮£ò׺ɣ¶Ȼʧɫʥ֮ͥһ֮£Ը컻ء붥ƽƽʸ񣬲˭ʥͥĴڡʥˣͬˡ
һ뵽׼ʥͥеһ˿ԥҲ׿Ժ
Ȳμ۾
໥һۺһгݵ
һεĳݣȻ֮ǰļȫͬӲͬǱʾ˳Ĳΰݡ
ܺãܵλҴ绢ңȻλѡףһ£ͿԸ֪λпһĨϲɫ漴Χɳǵһп
ʵ۾Ǻ¡
ĸоȻص̬ܣҲ档ôģǿ϶ͨ顣
һ¹ش׸ء
һ˵Ҵף˳Ǵ˳
һһ䣬ɢһֲɵζ
ʲô˳Ǵ˳ôܡ
ĸ󣬼Լͬ¶һǿҵ𾪣𾪣ȫûһ˿١û뵽ǱѩŮۣĹ׵һЩ飬ɣǴ˳飬ֻδᡣ
ȻǲûֱѩŮ
¹ϵʵ̫ˡһϢй¶ȥע⣬ЩţЩǿ߲޶ãи壬Ҳβܡϵ̫ˡ
󵽱ѩŮй¶κοڷ硣ֻڴ˿̣˵
һͷ޾Ŀϲ
Ϊ˳ھȻǴ˳ֱϵ컯һڱͷϡζʲôһ룬оھ
۾⡭⡭Ǵ˳
һڴѯʵ¸ոˡ
Ȼ档
ƽ˵Ҵ׻ʳȷʵǴ˳ֻҪһ·ɳʥͥͥͥһһֻ֤ҪߵһΣҴ׵ݵλȼ硣Ҵ׵뷷⣬Ƕ˵ͬһλԵǲΪľڡ
ڴУгԸкԸ飬嫵ˡڲƿطŵơo顣
ԭˣѹֱѩܴ׵뷷⡣

֮ǰһֱЩɻɻѩŮΪʲôܴ׵뷷⣬Ҫ֪꣬׿ɻǵ۳ͬʱҲΪʲôͻȻҪԴʩдѹľٶֻ¾ڴףҲѾ˲²⣬ҪСлȡĳ棬ȴܾĴ١
ȻǴ˳˳ڶѣ߲û̫̫⣬ֻҪ֪Ϳԡƽ˵˳ֻһλڿòϣֻ˵ڣݵλκδѷɫԾɿƽƽ
ôδ
Ϊʥּ
漴ɢеĽƣֱ˵
ǣ۾
Ӧһ
žʥּһգչʥּʥּϣ䣬ҫס׽֮УĿһĻʥּȻ֮ǰѾ׼ãǴӦ󣬾ͻó
ˣ۾Իз׵Ϊo뷷Ϊ׵۳ƹܴãҴף˳λһƷ𡣡
һһ䣬ʥּ
ʥּȻȻףаնȻ
󣬶𺳣Ϊ֮ϲ
̫ˣǴ֮Уoƹܷ׵磬ӴԺ󣬿Ա֤Ҵ׾ڣ˳ҪܸϮ
ʢǴʢ
Եĸеˡζţ׵ʵٴӣܲ˷ܡ
׷̧ۿա
ˢ
У֣ſڼ䣬ӿзɳ
һ棬ɹ٣
ܿһ棬ֻһϣȻǱѩŮΪѩ֮񡣶󣬾Ϳ棬һнɫĹ׭֣ȻǷ׵
׼
³һ
֮ƾճ֣ڷӡȥӡǣһ𣬸ţĵ˲佫񸲸ڡ


1847 ŭĿ
µĽɫ⣬ûж⽫ڡ֪뷷⡣ʱͬʱоһȻȻķУΪһ֮СܴԸ
Ȼ档
УܿѩŮ˻ҲСңȥ͸о֮䣬Ѿһ֮ϵһһپ١ԭȵһĤʧ
оΪԼˡ
ڴУһּҵĸо
ǡ˼ҶطٶȾȻ֮졣˳Ȼ˳УѹֱѩΪ˿졣
ĸ֮͸оһӴ˴˼ڷĸƿأۿɼٶȱһ¾һڡ·𣬺ܶԭ޵ķһӱ౶ٶȱ
ʮ
ǵ۳һƷκ˶о޴档
ͬʱܴ׵Ը
뷷Ը
ÿ»ȡɫԸʮö
һƷÿ°ɫԸö
Ʒö
Ʒö
Ʒö
Ʒö
Ʒö
Ʒһö
Ʒǧö
Ʒһǧö
ڱѩŮǷ׵Ĺÿ¶ȡʮöɫԸ顣ȻҪǶһɸƷ׵ģҲʮһɫԸһɫԸ顣ʮĲࡣ
۾
ͬʱٴл
뷷⣬ףõĺôжȫ˲䱩
ţ񣬼Ȼܷǽ󣬾Ҫְ𣬲طΣ֮УļãƲ꣬¹ǵС£⡣
׵ͷЦ˵
ּ䣬Ҳ䲻
¡¡
ʱͻȻһըףը˲쳹׽նоһͷǣҪըͲû߿Ѫˡ
Уƹε˲ۣµѹϯգۼ䣬ͿһֻڵգֻУܸܵһǿħ⣬·еı䣬˲ѪҪס
ۣ֮ԣ֮ۡ
̧ۿգֻڵüͷһ壬ɫصǾ𡣡
ܸܵħϢ
Ǿǽܾǰ׽ѵģڲûи״ѣ˳ףܴ뷷⣬ֻЩѾŭ˾𡣡
Щ˵
ҲܵħȻǴŭ˵
Уȫܹһֱɱ⡣пܣԻ䲻úѵաҲǰһǿǾ𰡣˭޷ǵĴڡ񱻼ǺϣǾԲһ¡
ģǾҲ޷ʲôǴףǱ۵Ľ򡣡
̧ۿգ˵
УȻܿӴĹƴи֣Уɵ̧ףֱħ۶ӣУݳᶨƵ־
ƺпµڲײ棬εѹոоˮ֮Уָдޱ̡
¡¡
֪ȥãֻƸǶȴƺĳּ飬ħֻǸֳһʵŭ⣬УʧȻûԴ׳֡
ĺ˭Գܵġ
ǿ
ҵ죬ȻѾЩܵУͲ֪׵ܲصסݼҵ
𣬹ȻǴ˵еĵʵֻһ⣬ѹ飬ȲãǱȲð
УҲ׷״̾
ˣѾҴ뷷oڴ֮Уκˡ
ҲջĿ⣬йƣͬʱ䡣ո飬ֻºܶգһӶǡ
Ѹ£׵۳ʮԪʮʥͥͣԿǰ񡣡
һٴδпзҲʽףطԣȷ½ʥͥľʱ䣬ңڣӢǰ
һּ䣬ص۹ɳҲŴؼ䡣˿ҵ
Ȼȥһ仰شӰ죬ȴոտʼ֮ͣѸٱ
ʲôҪʥͥ
̫ˣһѾ̫ˡ۳ӦǴ׵ļޣֻһʼѣʥͥҲһվѡʥͥҲζţǽøǿ󡣡
죬ȥ̻ȵ֮ʱҪ̻ҫأΪҴϲʱ̻ȫѣн죬ȫףûд׾ûҡ
еİȻϲ񣬴׽Ҳζţǵݶõ޴ı䣬δӵиõǰڴġ
ôٶȣ̫ˡ׻۳ɳٶ̫ˡ۳ҪĻۣ˿ɡ
ѵҪԶѹƣ޷ô
ѪӦŵɳвŶԣӦôǱĶڻҰУ۰
Ҫ취ֹ׵Ľ취Ū鷳
ҰУͱѹƵĺܵĸ嶼ǺѸ˵һз䣬ֻģҲ˵˵ѣȥǾȫûа취ʵҲᱻѹƵֵزֻǸоǰĵ·ô˵İ޹⡣
޴ӰͰǰ
ͬΪ֮𶯣Ȼеĸʮָӡܶԭе˼֪жɢˣʥͥǴʲôȻڴ׾ڣ˭ҪɱһֻҪѡ
һؾС
Ǳ¶һĨЦһ׵ۣĵӻ治һĴ󣬸ոսˣȻֱӷҪʥͥԡĲôսǵͼޡҸҴģһΪһݴ񡣡
δ׿ǳ׽涼ˣǵԸδػưոݣɣһƣƣô̵ˡ
ǺǣǾɽۻҪǶ֣׾Ҫܴѡ컯ͬǽѣȵĹǾʥͥɲ۳δܱסҲ˵
˭뿴׽
һ֦㣬Ҫܾݲеġ
סǾ
ҪҪһѻ𡣡ͻȻ˵䣬һ˿ɭ䡣
żֻҪй۲죬ʱлϣûлǾ;ȴǾͷߣҲҪǻ۵ľͷߡֱ˵
һβûд
ɽۻáһϷôܲ
ͬʱڴ⣬УͬҪʥͥϢڲסǣûڵĴ㣬Ѿװ¡
һУһȻ
зӿ


1848 
ʮʮ¶ʮˡ
۹Уӡ
һݴߴ£۹ڡ
ῪʼȺ
ǰһĻƳգζţʮһδ󳯻ᣬҲǴ׵۳ڵ۳еһγʽʼС
һβμӵĳɲڵ۶еĳУڴ׸ɳеĳ׷״˷ĩְʱ̣ͬҲǲμһһȵ磬ûκγԸʢᡣ
ÿ꣬һδ󳯻ᣬֵġ
죬ˣ׽Ҫɳ֮һΪ֮ȸԾ˷ܣβǲμ磬Ҫ˽յĽˡ
ԣܿϣ·һ̤ڡ
ڿռ޴ж죬ǽȥٶˣɣһⶼûСӲоӵ
μ۾
μۺ󣡣
ȺϷΰݵ
λƽ
ж֮ϣߣǲŴƵȺҲɺ׵ͷ
ҲһĨЦ⡣
ЩǴ׵ĸڣԽ࣬Ŵ׾Խǿ󲿷ֶɳ֮һȨν˲š
λ䣬һγᣬѾһһδ󳯻ᣬͬҲҴ׵۳ڵ۳ʱһγᣬЩ飬˵ҲҪ˵еȿ˵ҴԪ󣬼أʥ֪ͥλ䣬ΪΡ
䣬ĿȻɨڵȺϡ
۾ҴܽȻĺ£ֻǣʥͥҴ׿˳֮Ⱥӣǰʱиֽ٣֣˻۳ʥͥĹؼʱֻ̣²̫ƽ׼Ϊáܻ᲻ᷢûֻб޻޴ġǰһ˵
˾ڳɹ֮ʱһӣʤȻҪ߾衣׽ʲôпܣʲôֻΪ棬˳ߡ
֮ǰгħ۵Ļ棬ĿȻܹףѾĳЩܶˣ⻢ֻҪ¶һ˿Բ侮ʯ
΢Ϊڽ֮ʱŽҪ߾裬ʱ׼սУ󳣹ţҲҪȫڸλ֮ϣرȫλţֵҪȫ䱸Էһ
Ҳ˵
ţܺãý䱸ĵطȻҪ䱸һΣ۽ľʱ䴫ȥҪЩڰеţȫĴ㡣ǻȥңԼҴ׽ûмƷ
ƽ˵
ֻҪԸ⣬ȫԽϢȫڸסֻеȵʱŻ֪ĻȷʵٺܶΣգĵˣҲ׼ǲҪģʥֻͥĿģУɱһЩҪĵˣδһ£Ϊţɨ·
Ҫ棬ж
ҪԴף֮գǾõĻᣬ򣬴Ҳҵĺûᡣ
ȺҲǰȻĸܵϵţ£ûκλתأҲ˵ڽʱƱػ
˭ǰҴ״κս
ݼ̹Ȼ˵
ܿ죬ڳоȷĸ˸ΰţҪ׼ĶҲڵһʱƹ滮
ҲһУܽᣬɳ֮ĿˣͬѾɣһֹͻģ轱ڹԲģҲڳеһЩ⣬֮ܶ⣬೯ǻ£ӭж⡣ںܶ˵ϲ¡
ڣɳǶѾ죬ûгʲôرġ
ϾԴڵԴֵ̣ܹκɳѸٳɳ׳ҪѣֻҪҶԷҵԼɳǵΪ̵ĸͿԿٷչԣһϸĳȻҪҵԼɳеɫֻܿ¸չ׳
һᣬһֱ磬ս

˵׾곯ᣬʼ׼ųϦҹľˣΪһһҪʢᣬȻڴ׽֮⣬ȴһֹı仯ڷ
ڴ棬ֱΧżձȺ򣬲򣬶ħĴ⣬嫺м䡣
˿̣ڼձȺУһصƬܿһ޴½أ½ƺԳΪıܷۿڡֵǣ쿴ʮֻߣʯһƬ̵ģ˵ˣûһֻΧž˿־塣
ڵ⣬һƬ֣ͨļձȺͬŨ̺ͬŽȻͬܴ͸һȥ򶼷ֱ治ˡ
ôһߵĵ½أֵ⡣˴Ҳԥתȥ
˽ϸۿĻͻᷢвһĵط
ԿڵܱߵĺϣȻ½룬ֳһĻ棬дˣ壬ниָľֻǣЩ棬ȫǵŵģǵӳںϣȺ¥ҪĶࡣͨ˿ֻ»ᱻ
˿̣ڵ棬·һռ䣬˽ȥͻ֣ᷢĵ£ٲȻһдɽ
죬ഫһһ棬ܿģֻǻߵĻ棬ڷ棬ȴķֹϳȴƫƫڡ
ʵǺ˵ĸڡ
˾ͽ档
ڷȻܿ⣬һۿڣۿϸͣŴĺССֱʤŵĺ죬ǲʤö١ĺڸۿڽڴϷֵĺ
ڱȶģоڿĵġֱӱסŮ߽Уͷڻܵľ
ںȾƣڳ⡣
һƬ־
ڵϣϸȥ죬·һ޴սȻֻ״ϱȽơ룬޽һ޴ĹǺ۾סĹ
˿̣ڹУȻۼŴоʮ溣ڹмҵʲô
ž
Ҫ˵Ǿȥ»ʳǿһ⣬ôຣۼһƣ»ʳǿҲҪҧһ
һòֺ°һڵĺӱ裬һĨȻ˵
ں˵Ĳ»ʳһ˳ֻҪǶܳԸȥܹܱЩļһ
һߵĺ˵
Ȼ»ʳҲǵһ졣
ҾãӦȥҲȪǿǴ˵еıֻҪҵȪҶøǿǸԴԴϵĲƸΪṩĺô
һЩ׵Ĵ˵


1849 
ܿ˹壬㻹ѰҲȪţܶຣŶǰȥѰҹɶʧӰ٣һۼûУ˭֪ȪʲôطഫǵطһȥٶˣҲһʣ飬ɱȥ»ʳ鷳ҪѵĶࡣ
һɹĺЦ˵Ŀͬ㣬һ봹ʱڲϵŤ˿ǲܵǿҵĿ־塣
Ƿĺ˺Ŵ溣ά˹һ鴬ĲＶĴڣά˹ڸϣѾ㲻һˣȫȫһĹഫΪͺ꣬񡣻ȡꡣ
ԣ˹ںУν൱޴һ£˭ȥֻͽ֮ܿ䣬ƺһЩͬѰϵ
Ǻ飬һ涼
ຣ׷׿˵
ÿۣһξۻᣬһȺԡȷĿ꣬кһ𹥻һνӵʢ硣ѡĿ꣬ƽʱԼòµӲͷȻĿֻѡһھۣӦѡһĿУѰǽӣҪͳһܿʼ
ຣڼ֮ʱͻȻ䣬һεΰ׵ĳؼ䣬嫺Ϊģܱ򣬲ϵɢȥɢȥģ̺ڵһ־
һѶϢƾճԺС
Ǻ壬壬Ǹ塣ڴܱߵĴУ飬ԼͬյѶϢУ˶·𳹵ױֹһеȫʧ
׼ʥͥ
˳нѿ飬˻Կɳֻ֣׽񣬽õʹͣѻɹȡޱ컯
񣬿ɻȡ˼̳ӳ֣ףɶȡˣΪˡף֤أӳ硣
һɹѶϢȻĳԺСЩѶϢֱָס
˳нѵģ˳ĵǴִ־ʹȨȨɣַصȨȻҲǲܸҪͨصĿ飬ֻ˻ͨˣؾϿĽӦȨûͨȻǹԹͣڵλС
Ҫ
ڣʥͥʱֽѵķΧֱӲ顣ȻⲢ־־Уܸܵĳ޵ĸ档
ңؼ䴫ݳѶϢԺǴڽƵģԼ˭׼˵Ҫ˵ſڼ䣬ҲκִҲдκ֡ԵĹ졣
֮Ե飬ֻᣬԲ룬Բ˵ȥܴȥơ
֮Ե飬໥֮䶼иӦԽ̸
׾ȻҪʥͥˣǲ˼飬ⲽ̫ˡãεĿ꣬βڴ׵۳ϣǽӹʳȴûнӹ۳һֱֻԶԶѪǣ˵֮УƽܽӴףֻһɳǣǳԵ
ںһĨȣ˵УûʲôٵĶǰҶԴ뷨ٵĴ̼£˲ѿУһֹӰĵ־ǹӰľ
ʮޣǴܣ޷
һжԵϢܹеŴʮٱǧĽзŴ
ܺãҾýĿڴȷʵҪ󲿷ǣƣΪʱ̣ضվһߣΣûвһµĵ·ж˼̳ӳֻ֣ҪףӶˡʱ򣬴˱Ӷᣬ϶ýİղ½
˹Ҳŵͷ˵趯ƺԵʮ˷ܡ
˼̳̫ǿˣֻҪףܴӴӶᵽˣңɵΣԽӶᵽ˾͸ǿӶᵽˣֱǿǵʵǴݣٽͻƣףͻʱضǵһԱ֤ͻƵѶȽ͵͡
Ǽȡ׵Ѫɳɱ䡣
ΣûлӵС
һĪĻԵ컯
ȻҲգܲȥǾ⡣
ֱڽӵĵ·ϡ
ֻǣΣգУѾǺˡ
һĽĿڴϡǺҲ⡣ٴĺôʵ̫ˡ˼̳̫ˣȡˣΪԼԽսԽǿԽսԽֱļӳ֡
¡
һȺ죬ѪȺ壬ֻҪһ棬˲ܱٱ飬֮ǰףΪһֱǣҪΪУ˵ᱻѹΣʵ̫ߣڣȴʹȫͬˡ
׵۳һ˳ף٣ֻҪΣˣΧ׵飬ãϾҲһԱֻǣҪֹĻҲΪ
һߵĺһĹâҲһ˲両ֳҪΧ׵ͷֻǣǿѹȥϾ׵ݵλУҪ֪Ƕ˵ľ֧ҪΧɣ׾ľ
ΧȴҲûа취
ĽƣѾ꣬ԪУûа취Υġ
֪һΣҪ顣һã䣬ѪȾ񷣬Ⱦ졣ǣ֪Ҳ޷ֹ˭޷ֹ
ǿסԼе
һջϣɶ˼̳ȴ޿ɿܵջ
ֻҪȡ㹻ˣͨˣڶ̶ʱڣΪǿߣֱ֤пܡһԾΪǿߣջ˿Եֵ
ǼձȺСħּͬһʱ̧ۿ׵۳ڵķ˸ȵĹâҲõ١õ˼̳ѶϢֻҪ٣ͿԻȡ˼̳ӳֱ֣ٽΪֹ
ûħڴ⣬ħأǣѾɳĿ´ҲСûɱħǰǺ޼ɣ޷죬ףΪħ󣬸еĸ߰Ӿˡ
ΧףȡˣԱǿ
һħԺС
ǿħִǿһֱܡ
û˿ֹû˭ܹܾ
Ŀ⿴ס
ҹ
Уǿҫǳ˸һĨѪⲻ֪ӺδǳɢĹâԵ쳣죬ͻȻâʢ
ࡣ
ྫͨˮǣʿͬʱǿգһĨɫϺȻԵüΪ𾪡
Ⱥɻ
Ҳ̲סһ


1850 Ⱥɻ
䣬Ⱥɻ֡ҴҪ鷳ˡ࣬໥һۣڱ˴пһ˿֮ɫɲС£¹׵۳Ĵ¡ڼȴ࣬Ȼǲ֮סҪӦԵĲã׶˱
ߣȥ۾
һϵ˵
Ⱥɻ첻µġµǣոտ࣬Ȼ˲ͻָ·ոģֻһþѣеĶĿùҲΪֻǻþ
д
仯дûеڶֿܣǲܵģûжԴֻ֣ܷ֮˵京ҲǷˮʦƷײڡ̵ܷĽ̺⡣
ǸոûעĻпܻĿ£ǾԲܿġ
ȺɻǿԿ϶Ǹ֡
Ⱥɻǣ״ǻ޷ľҪҴףǾͿûнӼǺ󣬵õϢ¶һĨЦ
඼仯ңڳֱ仯ͬʱȻдΪ֮⼸ڶ壬˰ˣҲζţţȫһ¡
佫ȥңһɨһڽţмĺô
Ϊ˽죬׼ʱȺɻԵǾʱֻѪɺӣʬ㵱ȺѾ˲²⣬⣬ӦþԴ֮ĴĴд壬ħ֣ܡ
ЩǴ׽ҪĶӸˡ
á
ԽԽá
д׾ڣֻЩѹڻҰеҲпܲįƽȫпȻҲβ顣
۾СģȺɻĸһγɣȻʯ쾪䣬ÿγ֣ݼأǶҪĳش¼ǲܣҲ޷ֲĿˡݱ¡
һϵĿ˵ϣӡ
ţд㡣
׵ͷ˵
Ҳû˵ʲôתȥ
һεĿѾɣǵְѾɣôǾͽʱ䡣
ŽȥҲ̧ۿաǱ߸ֳһĨЦݣܺãڵ̨ѾǴˣȺɻҪжҴĵȫǲӦøǷң㽱ʲôġҪҴףǾͿûı¡
Ȼв⣬пû˿и
һνѣԿ϶Իоֻ֣Ҫǳָ棬ǿ϶Ǽ򵥵ĽѡҲǾڱ׽
εĽ棬Ǿε塣
ȻҲûǣΪһ죬׼ʱҪ侮ʯûʲôģʱͻ֪ʲôֻԼǹġңҲûʱȥЩΪܾۻӣѾˡ

ۻѡ֮ǰĺôȻڶģǾۻᣬҲԽ磬룬ʱͣԼǶԴ׵Ӱ죬´еȤȵȣܹԸܵ׵֮Ҫġ
һҪĴУûκζԱȵ
ۻĵص㣬Ȼͨطͷɳ֮Уңǵƽ磬Ľ硣
ĽдѾﵽ鱦ĵĵĽ磬ȻȻĽ׵۳ģΪĵƻҫƽ硣
ĽУ˼鶯ܶ⣬һУҵ취ġֻҪΪ£Ȼƣҫ񣬱ٳаط
ξۻڵأĽеĵڣڵУҲһƬĿռ䡣ĺģķ򣬶ž޴ĺôУͬҲżΪ޴áԲòμӾۻĴǿ߸еʧͬԳ׵ĵ̡
һٶá
һ䡣
Ѿĵڡ
ˡ
ɢ漴֣ʩݼ
ţ۽һǰʱ֪ͨȥ֮ǰ׼ĸȫϡ׵ͷ˵
۾ģѾ׵
ɢ˿˵
Ը֮ǰѾˣȻ׼׵͵űֵĻᡣ
̤ĵڣϸȥһƬͨڰɫ֮еĿռ䣬̤棬·ڰɫ֮ϣأҲһ׹£УĶʼáġ
ƬռУȻһɫšЩţҲǷƷõĲݱ֯ɣĲݣֻĽвеģ֯ţܹӿط򣬸ģʮ棬ʿĹ屦õֵģ޲ǰϧ쳣
ȴڷҲһǳɰǧĽ˵ţϣԲ⣬ҪٿԱƳ١
ǰڷһųϯϯϰڷŸֹϹ䡣㽶ӣƻӵȵȡ޲ѵһƷȥܹΪеġȻڿڸϣҲǾܡʺ˵Ŀζ
Ǹÿʼˡ
йâһȻԿһƳУƾǾۻƣֻζѣõģƣټǰ
ܿѾʼɢһ⣬ķĶ·һڿתûгɣһ䣬һԪעС
֪ξۻᵽЩʲôĴǿߣڴ
Ŀãжʱ¶һ˿ǿҵڴ
ׯĴܣκһλܹӰ޴ĴǵȦӣֻͬεĴڣȻǾнһȦǱĽܳ콾
ˢ
շ𣬻Ϊһ⣬γһţȻĳĵռ֮ڡ
һţǶƵٻ꣬д򿪵Ĵţͨãѡ
ܿ죬ͿϹâһһӰϵĴ̤
ȳֵģһֻ
ϹâһֱӻΪңɢˣкҲɨһܣЦŵͷ徲̺ͬķΧ˺ܾĵǽ۵ѵõıءЩ츣ѷɫȻле̵ġ
Ȼξۻص㣬⡣
£Ѿһλ£Ʒǰ䡣
׵ѣҿǵξۻ˺ܳʱˡ
ʱһˬʵĴЦ𣬽ţͿ׿Ѿĵڡ


1851 ۵

пҲ΢΢һЦƽĿʾ
Ҳûгɣ˸λãҲʼƷǰĸֹϹ䣬Ҳ¶һɫȻĻͰŶʮ⡣
ܿϹŰе˲ϵִǰħսϿģûпģҲ׷׳֣ңܿԶȵҪĶ࣬ȻһεľۻᣬʮڴңۻĹģѾˡ͵ĶУʿũԷ򣬶СܶɢϢԵɲ⣬һ䣬˰Ȼ
и࣬ǧٹֵġ
ʲôУʲôܿĵ
գۼ䣬Ѿͻ٣ﵽǧ
ɼУԶħ½ҪĶࡣȻһɢԶ֮ǰҪǿĶ࣬Щܣÿһбǿ̡÷ѸٳɳһҲвο·ٳɳɱ䡣
Ҫǲܱǿǲļˡ
ЩУпһǿߣңħսϿŮޣҲͬ֡
İģ໥ʶģ󣬶໥ͷʾ⡣
ĵڵĻҲ⡣κζ츣ѷɫǸǿ󡣻д䣬ȻﵽֲΣδػЩļֵܵõӣָǽȻͬġ
֪УѾĲ࣬û˼ִ
λѣҴףǰĵռ䣬Ҳĳңǳңξۻᣬֵĳ֣ɰվۻ̣۵ٽ֪λΪΡ
кȻĶף죬ǶȻʸλãܣҲû˿ӳ˼˵
Ȼһ׵־ۻᣬһоš
ңɢЦ˵
Ҫһ׵ĵ
ʿҲ׷׵ͷ˵
ȻûľۻȻֻйһΣѾ¿ѭǰ³ң޵ĵǺ棬ϾĵУΨһһ˳֮ĴۡҲڵۻʴߵԶһλȻǿߣ޲Ƕ֮ʮֺ档
ܹȻβġ
ǺãһξשʲôԣλѽԿָ۵໥֤ȷ
ЦЦûио⣬֮ǰѾ׼ȻҲûжɵ˼һھͿʼԼĵ
ͬʱҲǶһ¹֪£Ƴ³¡̵Ĵ
翪٣飬ǻۣˮ˭ۣܸۣۻ֮˳˳֮죬ڵأˡΪΪΪ
ŻۣˣġΪˡ
лʼĵۻ֮
ۻ֮ؼǿҲһִн޵ĿܡңģҪ˳ĵ˳еۻʵĸڣ˳Ҳζţۻ֮ǰ·׶Ͼ
ۻ֮ͳ£һѹﵽ¡ǿԺһס
һ㣬ԵۻʵĽԾܸܵĵһԼ档طҪΪ֮ӦӦı仯
ڽͬʱȻԿͷȻ¶ơ
УƺкУǳ䡣ڣϽȾ졢쳹һյյϽɫζɶ֡ÿһյܸܵһĵϣҫƣ֮ÿһյɶڣϽ˸ƺӽзϴ飬־
֮⣬󡢴֮£ǰˮԴԴϡﲻ쳣
֮ϣһŲ̳Ȼ֡޽ٶɶۼ̳
ϣһ˿˿Ͻ֯ݻŵۻʴݻͬʱиȻȻĽ뵽һ֮Сڵۻ֮Ҳڲϼָоʮ
ǰø
ܵʿҲǾ¶õģ
еĸйۣҲڲϷ仯
ԭȻЩΪȻΪֻǺ󱲣̤ȦӣҲֻʱ¶ѣеĽе˿ΪȻͳ֮ԺԼͬȲεǿߡ
ҲԵۻ֮ǿ𺳡
ִһﵽ£ֱѹһԳ¼䣬ΥΥߣ˲Ҫ䳾ֵ̫ˡ
ңҪͬ졣
ۻ֮һ㣬Ҫ˳û˳ۻ֮ġֻͽͶѡ
ôҲǾ޴ģ˳֮УΪۻʣͿԻ˳Խ׶ս׾ٵ顣ԻˣӿЩʿ顣
ʱȻš
ĹУʱǱú壬ûʱȥã˶١·ɲǣַ·㣬֪УѾ
һۻ֮Ȼ̾ΪֹȻǿ󣬵ȴġ
п˵
Ҳߵ£ﵽʲôΡߵ£ۡ۴ΨҶ¼䣬ֻҪһλۣǾ޷֤ǽۻɱһֻһλ֤ߡĵƳ³£ٽݾɵ۵ûнݾֻΨҶ
ʿҲ׷׵ͷʾεĽ⡣
Ȼʿʱ䡣
һʿڽԼĵ
ܶǱĵתѡĴ;ң¿ʼÿһʮ־տȻʼ죬Щ覴ãЩ覴ã۵ĹУϱֲȡ˵ĵΪ֣Ȿ۵ĸĿġ
ǻǻ۵ײлȡ⡣
ӶԼĵǻۻ𻨡
ͬ۵Уϵļȡ֡ĵڵĿռ䣬Ѿʩʱӿʱ٣ʱ䲢Եȣ¹ȥپҲ¡ټﱾʺ۵ĹУջ˵ʮ־޴
ڵĸϣڲϵĳɳɱ䡣
ԴѸ׳󣬲ķ򣬶ڿ
ֲϱǿĸоãֳϲ
֪У۵Ѿӽβ
̨ĸȹ̣ң᲻ɴݡ
̣֪ȥáÿ˶ջ
۵֮󣬾໥ףͨޣʲôҪģھͿŻһõĽЦ˵ש飬վҿʼ
˵ţйâһȻԿһֻ߲ϻǰ
һöϻϻӵɫɫɫͣɫߣϻп챦ʲôҲҪΡһöɫϻڸ߽ϻֻҪãδزܴп켶ı


1852 ͨ
ħеϻϻʱ䣬ħѾÿһֶʮϻǳأ̺δ֪иָĿԡɫϻڣ켶ļʣѾСãԵõ鱦һ㣬Ҳпܻȡ켶ıϣٲҲԲա
ֻǼֵĶ⡣
ȻһɫϻֵơҲʮܳ鱦ʣǾǴ׬׬
˶жԣкġ
Ҳϻʯ֮ģڴ׾ڣҲʮֵгͨ
ɫϻĳֻֻҪֵȣκƷԡеȻһЦ
ãһöлȡɫǬ鱴ǴʱٿʲôȻ׵ѶשˣȻҲģǬ鱴ɫϻ
Цóһö˸ɫâǬ鱴ֻаƴСʵ鱴ڱпռ䣬֡鱴Уƽʱֻǲ۵İɫںĴεһͻὫ̽ʮ󣬾ͻľȻ׷աͨ帡ֳһǬ⡣Ǭеı
£ʶһͫҲ޷̽еʵںеĸ壬ϲ鱴һ˵Խã鱴ϸֳԽࡣܴﵽɫֵǷѾǧǬ鱴жǿ϶ϡ䱦
Уʺ϶ĵƷкü֣ϻǬ鱴ǣԴʯģҲУֻСڶѡбУ̺ԣܹлȡ챦
ڸأǴʮֵʢС
Ȼԡ
ҲЦЦȻûлȡõıǬ鱴ҲˣԿ
󣬿ɽ
˵Ȼˣһ򿪿˭ãıֵߡңɢ˿̲סЦǺǵ˵
Ȥĺܡ
ҲЦ˵
򿪣򿪡
ŹϺͺһ㶼´ֳƺá
Ҳ¶֮ɫ
Ǿʹ򿪡
кʹһۣЦŴӦ

ϻһ
꣡
ϻдһţͿϻһ㱦ţƺһ˸ɢʱȻԿһϻСһĵӳе覣ϲ
ĵѣǺһ鱦˺죬Ľңɢ˿̲ס΢΢һЦ˵
ʣʡ
Ź뺺뿴ҲһЦȻⶫ˵Ǿκαﶼỻġκ鱦Ҫ
öǺñ
Ҳ¶ԵЦ⡣ǽȼü֮Ҫ׼Щʲôǡô
ϲѡҲЦŹصܿ鱦ȷʵֵҪ֪һֻһǧֻһֻϻУδܿһ鱦ּʵ̫ˣ͵жоȣҪ֪ɫϻҲûп鱦ûеõ
漴ͽǰɫǬ鱴Ҳ˿
ʱһ㱦תգۼ䣬ͿУȻֳһᡣ
ͨ顷
ϣȻֳ׭֣ȻһϹ伮
ǣ¼ŷ֮顣
Ʒ֮ߣκ鱦ѷɫֵ֮ߣһȻǬ鱴пֱǡ˼顣
Ȼǵõ졣
Ĵʿһо¶ǿҵ벻֮ɫ
⡶ͨ顷ɲͨķ飬һϹžɾı飬ȴ˵е쾭ֻҲѷɫ࣬ʺϵУδػ쾭ѷɫ̺ؼָķ֮ͨĻƷɷУң꾡ķļء
ʲôľǷĸڡ
κη벻˷ģĴģؼĸַ֮ľǧȻǧöģκģǴǧݱղӦı仯
ܲⱾͨ飬Ǻʣڷĵ򣬶ﵽ˼ĲΡľطĸģǣɣ֮κͨܵӦ֡
ǧڣ׵ķļգӵ޵Ŀܣǻ
ҪҪԣǸһʮ鱦жԸ⽻
ֱֵ޿ɹ
ڴ˵ֱ͸أһ͸ˣ׵˶ƽﵽһ޷ĵزοķкܶ඼Ǵûм¼ģֻҪͿᦶõ޴ԽԽǿ
ôκ鱦Ҫ
ؼ䣬ģԶĵر֪ʶ
Ӵ֪ʶܴ޵Ŀܡ
׵ѵǱƶҪõĶ࣬ϲѵôر
Ҳһ̾ΪԼѾܺˣû뵽иġ
ȻֻĽûʣֶҲǼʲġ
ⲻֻе˵Ǵ׵۳˵˵ͷƲɵ
׵ѾֻʥҺ֪ܷһЩҿӺݹŮ˵ֽء䱾Ϊĸ֮󣬿֪ǹ󲻿ԵĴڡʥȣҲǺѷɫ
Ȼԡ
صݣȻҲҪֻʥҺҲûоܾ
ֻʥҺ˵£Ҫȡֻʱѡ
ڼͬʱҲԼҲıȴԺ׵ҵֲܷϵرǵĲΣҵĺöеҪĶࡣθǸߵĶࡣ
һʮ̬ڽš
֪УѾβ
λѣѵҴһˣûм£Ĵһߣ죬Ǵһһȵ磬ʱ򣬿ϼơƷһҴ׵ʳУҴ׼м죬ʥͥλпգ񡣡
ͻȻ˵
仰Ȼ΢΢һĿ¶ɫȻû뵽ᷢ룬ң׾Ȼ֮ҪʥͥٶȣʵǳһɹȻ㡣
ʥͥһѵõʢ¡
׵֮ãŴ֮Увѧѧ֮ڣټκѧ˵ԿУ´УҪǰܲȥ
һϷḧߣۺ룬Ц˵ƺܸܵϢǻ۵ת丽Ķ̲סƽ
ʢ£ܴУ˳Ϊף׵ȵĵۻʣָҲЦ˵


1853 ʮ
Ҽۣ۲Ŵԣ˿κεۻѷɫҲ׵ѷɫΪŹ֮һڸ֮ǰԾٹ֮ѹħߡ书֮ߣκ˳ѷɫӵӴ󹦵£֮£ɳٶȾˣѾеİ´żࡣ
תоɫص˵ݣȸɣ٣Ʒɻ÷˾Źȵȣĳ佫࣬ÿһǾšмǿʵںϵĴ컯£Ѿաټϴеľ֮£пɿߡƶ֪ѾƽͳϽ˿ڣѾﵽһڣҲһ˿ڡܳڣ嶼ϳȥƿˡѾڼչ̵ˣͬϡ
ڴ̵ķչҲԵĸеп
ۣǰͬӹͼΣȷƣԶ࣬䣬ΪȷƣѾ׼ƾ٣ѡ˲šͳԶСˡν۲ŴԡʱƶԶԶ˵һۣԿ϶Ϊͣ⣬Ӧ龳۷壬Ȼǲʵ˵Լֻ˭޷ȷ
оǸ̾˵
龳Ϊ磬㲻Ȼ˳֮ĵۻʣؼصһȺˣֵƲϣ˭֪ǲǻơ
ڱϵĶ㿴ͺãҪˣֻѰ·
ʱڵĴ̣ƻʵ򣬺γһǡѾһսĸڴ֮䣬ʥʥ֮ĽǴƴȫչֳʧģֻĸԪŬҲ޷յĽ֡
񣬷ֻӶѡ
޷Ҵ֡ʥǰãҲ޷ı䡣Ȼˣ̵ȥҲΪ屣һԪȻԴͳµһ᪣ôܺ˴¡˲ϵѹ
˵ǵԼѡ񡣷򣬷֮սһ
ˣտ࣬տࡣ
ⲢӰ죬һʵ
ڷУǻУȻǡо˵˼
оȻҵһ׵˿ڡôġʮֺѯʵҪ֪ħսԴԴϵĻȡ˿ڣ嫺ڣûд׽ϢǰԲӵгһ׵աϾ˿ڣҪʱģС̣һ¾һѡ
̸ոռҪܣҲҪչУҪʱġ
ô˿٣ֻвͬѰĵط
Ǻǣ̿ɲӦһСǧ磬棬Ѿ£ѹħߵͬʱҲڷϢռȻͷųѸĻۣǲһе۳ҵλңозֶܵΡ
оЦ˵
ûе̣ǲֱռݵ۳֮λġռˣҲµĻϿɾͲÿˡ
һ£ǲôġ
Ҳۿۻʣ۲Ŵԣڵۻ֮Уνλж⣬̣֣ȣҰĶ޿ޣ˼֮ֻ¼䣬ܳҡ֮УԷιɭϡ˲Ÿʮ־ˣ䣬Ϊ⡣
ңɢҲ˵
Ȼ̸Щ˳Ҳ²С
سĶǿǲΤ࣬ӢӮ򯣬˹壬ڣ룬ŵȵȡνǻһʱľӵе˲֮࣬
УҲһжСǧ˿ڷϢؽУӵе˿˿ȴѷɫϻ
дͲڣؽڣѾױƿأظӰԵָߣͳͳҪ壬ȫΪūūӡ䵽пۡʩеȫһְԵֶΡʣصϣֱӹᴩķð
ң֮Уӻ֮лطƳصٸʮǿ󡣸ǿ󴫳Уܾл䣬սΪ١
еչ൱Ӱټҵľڴ֮УҲǱؿ뵽иҵ֮СƳ³£ݱĸ졣
ҰģȻԼؽѾڿʼܱ˽⣬ʱпܷ𹥷Ѫȷֻ²Զˡ
ңɢһп˵
Ҳ׷˵Լ˳
˵Ҳ䡣
ĵĴľŶ˵Ŷÿһڶ̺Ŷ磬ھŶУĸ̺ŴİڲϷܡΪӵ̡޷ΰ
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ĬĬ£ҲǸо۽Ϊ֮󿪡ò̫̾ҪȥúһߣһŶԡ
ȵɽȶҲʼ׼һεˡ۽磬׳ĻԵ컯
ʶĸֳһͷ
ηѾָˣʱٴγءֻһֱΪ飬òѡһʥͥͿԽƽȣ죬ʱķ
ٴν̸һξۻҲ֮
дƬռϵһռȻǰֻҪ̤ȥͿ˳ſռţ׾ڡ
ڴףҲ˵ܴһ֣ûۼлᣬȻ
ǧλܣҴ´УǾһĪĻԵ
еһЦĿ˵
һεľۻᣬȡĺôǳġ
ңλȡ챦ǲܴóģȻͨƷлд伮ЩǴǰûղصġÿԷḻ顣
Ƿ
һЩʮ챦
磬ƿ͸ԶŴ󾵣СܱʵȵȡȻû̫ôӵĺãδؾͱЩⱦҪѷɫ

ʱȻţܽףûʲô仯ǶΪĴй۲졣֪УѾ˳ϦʽС
һΣμӵ࣬ģǰδеľ޴Ҳһμ硣
ĹȻҪ˵;׵ĸʳǳǣͬһ̾ͥгԵҺҲˡ硣
ȥҲؼʽʮꡣ
󣬸׷׷ɳ֮ڣ˿ٰȥ֪УһϢڿÿһɳеİգж˸ڴɫһֵĵǡ
ףҪʥͥˡ
ᷢʲô˭


1854 ΪѪ
ʽʮ꣬ܶ˶û̫໶˼ʼΪţڴţȣȫǲֵһᣬڿԶɹܶΣȴ¹ص׵Ĵ¡Ԫڶûʲô˼֡
ʱһΣ֪УѾԪʮԪʮ
һǰҹУ֪˵۾ŵģ˯˯š

峿ߵһ⻮Ƴգʼҫڴʱһĳ
ˡ
ʱڵˣǴҪʥͥˡһ죬ʵǵ̫ˡ
۳ʥͥһ޴ĿԽȻ֪ʲôѣƴʲôѣҲҪǿпȥҴһΣҪʥͥɡ
Щ꣬Ҳǳصģô꣬нĺӣΪףȻˣƴһѪ⣬ҲҪΪҴ׾һ
˳Ȼؽ½ѣʩӿ飬ܲܶȹǾͿĵʵȹȻһнԺãҪǶɲȻʵ㣬˵ԪˣشʱڣٻָԪ
ʲôûܹ֪ʣȻС
ڣ£аնѾ׼ã׼
ͬʱǿҲ׷׽Ŀ⿴˹
Уɳ֣֮ǰ
ΰɳǳÿһ˵С׵İգ׷һֿȵĿ⿴ƳǡĿУģǺޱߵԸ
۶֮ǰͣڴУ׼ܣҲɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ʋɵ
Ǹ̾˵
ˣѾﵽһǧɣÿ춼кˮУצеɲСңɢ˻˵
ÿ춼ԴԴϵĽ˴˷۵֮С޾ԴȪ
ȻЩ˲ֻ֪ܸܵÿڳɳȣʱڿʲôɼһʱͻ֣ᷢȻһӳɳ˵زʵ˲ò̾
ҲԳޣ׵ĵȷʵڴﵽһǧʱſʼͻƽѾ൱Ƚ
۹Уһ⻮Ϊһ޴ĲʺţС
һսڣͷƽڣһ̤ϲʺš
ϵۻ֮ȻȻĴݳ˷ϯȥ˭ֻҪʶһݡܵε塣
ǵ۾
ϲ
񣬽գҴ飬Ѿﵽһǧɣӵаգʮף嫺ѾȫƿأҴףյʥͥ
лķ·ԽаգȫС
аգҲһԼעӵĸо
ָоĵӿֳһּȡ
ʥͥ
ʥͥ

շ׷췢źʥͥͬе롣ǸȲҪ׽ʥͥľڴףɡ
Ҳ̲סһɺ顣
һ죬Ѿȵ̫ˡǴʮĻۡ
̨
һ䣬췢һϺȣдһȻͬʱ׵۳ڣаҲʶһ£ܵһ˿
ˢ
ڻµ˲䣬ȻԿ̨ӹƺи֣ңһʱ䣬ֱӳƳУ㳡֮ϡ
̳֮ܿǰȣø졣棬̵ļԽԽ࣬ɢϢԽӵĺأ̺Ų˼ΰڿһ˲䣬η
ֳ̨㣬غ󣬻Ϊɸߡ
һΪķڶԲΡһݿݵĽһаʮһ̨סȡžŹһ⡣
̳һԲһΪԲط
һ֣ڳУͷ·̳־̳
һε־ؼۡ
һ̨̨Ϊ׵۳ޱ˴޾ϴˢѾκ鱦ѷɫһرһ֣ܹ׵۳ڵ֮
һ˵
̨˳УҲ֮һǲݺӵĴڡ
ֻ̨˳ʹãʿõУҲһòϡʩչˡ
¿Ÿոտʼ
ػ˵۹ۿ˳Ȼһݴʢ¡
̳Ϊ˳޷УһԽ٣ĲΣԴִпˡ
Ϊ˳֮Ҳڵһʱ̨ܵı仯Ǵ˳һ㲢ûд׵ĲȻ̫̫ͣܵĹעĹϵͬԻȡȨ˳ֻҪվڹƽ㹻ǲġ
ο̨ܸо־棬һǴ־ʮֵ⣬˸Ϊ˳ܸ֮ӦܣҲֻܸоһɣһɾ־ԣ¶£Ͳ֪еİء
ֻǷ׷׸о־Ѿ١
ʱȻԿվڼ̨ԣһׯصļһׯ¡
ϡƷ
ſڷź
ʱ̿ٽѾ׼õļƷ̨ЩƷɲǷÿһﶼֵǣܹл̨̨Ĺ屦һԾóżһδֱʡ
ڴ˿̣û˾˷ѣȽЩƷֻ΢С¶ѡ
ܿЩ̳ȻȻΪ⣬ʧƺĳ־ȡţ̳۵־Ũǿҡ
ˢ
̨֮Ͽգ֪ʱһֻɫƾճ֡У·ܸܵһ޷ܵϡصѹǳǣ΢΢һʾ𾴡
֮ۡ

׵۳֮Уڴ˼أԿڰգ޵пܣħսϻѪʬڣԶ⣬ݺҹսɱ⣬ڣʹҴװգܹǿ裬֣񣬽ţ嫺Ϊ°Ѵʮף̩񰲣հҵ
λ񣬵۳ҵλѾ޷ɴ裬ࡣ׼׵۳λɾʥͥ
һһ䣬һֶصɣ¶׹
˵Щһ仰ҴΪѪΪɱУħսϵµĺպչѫĥ𣬲ӣҾҪʥͥĹϣֹңҪҷС
ȻҲǴףʵ̣ˣ£ͳͳѾﵽĸ߶ȣѾ޿ޡ


1855 ʥͥ
е֮۲ûκα飬ʼһעšû˽ģȷʵΪѪɱУֱӹҹսҹǣҹаħʮ֮ãݹڵڶħսϣνܳҡҪ
Ӳܲͬ⡣
ͬʾĬ
һݵأϣΪĸ
ΪɫȻ˵
Ҳûгɣһ̤ϼ̨һ㣬ңңݣһݣݴع壬ܹ԰ԷϢ಻
䣡
һݣ𶯣׽ڱܸܵ΢΢𶯡εĴ֮ڼ̨С̨һ㣬˸ѹȻų޾⣬ʿ÷۹ۿĻͻ֣ᷢ嫺ڣ󲿷򣬶ֳһƬɫԴеĵˡɫλͬɫ򣬶ɳλã䷽Բǧ
ֻǣԽ⣬ĵ˾Խ
ǻҰɫ⣬ɫлɫԵλãŻɫڶŴ׶ƿǺ٣Ӱ޿ɺӵġֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ȫԳͬʴȵģԴԴϵṩˡ
һݣĸԸһ֮ڼݡ
죬Ϊн嵱ǿ
ٴκ
Ҳ漴ٵڶ㣬ٴιȥĿռ䣬Ψǿܷܲϡڡ죬Ŀռ䣬ǿֻΪѪʳ죬Ļƽȵģûʲô߹죬һͬʡ
첢֮־װգһ㣬ǲɷϵġ
żݣУһڼ̨ϡڶ㱻֡
ݵ˽컯أԸ岻ף崫в𡣡
߼ֵ
һϵ㣬̤ȥһɲǣĸоͷһε־ƺԼϣ־ֻڴ˿̣أܿ顣
ңһ롣ѹȻȻĳϣУҲоò˳Ҫֱ뵽Ϣ֮С
׵۳֮Уռش۳ҵλѾ޷Ҵ׹ˣش˼ڵ׼ʥͥ
޾ѹûгɣһһ䣬ûа˿ÿһ³ʱоϵѹȻΪ㣬־ᣬ޷˵ᱻѹ壬Ӽ̨Ϲȥһεļ棬һһУֱӡ֮ġ
ңŻ䣬ܿڼ̨ϣתһϵĳ֡
дɳѹҰͽķѪֱ߽дǧħսսҹɱĻ棬ǿԽأħ֮Ļ棬һһ֣
һĻĻ𺳡
ЩֳǴЩĹصĹѫЩ׸߲֪ڴеİУֻ˵һЩȴûĿù񿴵һҲ¶ǿҵ𺳣Ժ
н죬ǽңʿѪͳģͳľ͵ġ
۾ͼΣΪҴ״˻ҵǰҲǰҵбǿ׳ʢβܽʥͥ
˵Ǵ׽ʿħսϣɱսѣÿռ䶼Ѫɺӣҹаħ޾֪ٽʿսɳǴΪѪΪɱУ
ʸʥͥ
̲סź
ͬһĻĻҲȴ룬ȻǲƽЩǴ׵ʷҫĴУעҪǧŵĻ档
꣡
ż棬ضһУ·ɲǣҲ·㣬֪ȥãܿɫ֮һ˿к׵Ĵһĺ
׼
ƺ׼ԴĻӦ
Ҳһ̣бܵĸоԴ׵۳·𱻴ƣؼ䣬λμѾ顣
գҴ׵ʥͥ
дϲɲòʥͥһ͵ǴһСֱԾ󽭺֮Уǰĵ·ȫÿ̤ڼ̨ϣһ
ʥͥʥͥ
еĺʱ׵۳շ׷ϲ֮ɫ췢źĵϲȫйȥų޾ϲá
ȻֹʥͥҪٵĿҲҪˡͿ֧ܲŵס
ңɢ˿΢Ц˵
˳ûô򵥡
ɷΪ˻
־٣˳ҪԵĽѿ顣ⲻԱģֻ빦ƶѡҪԵģٵĵʿѾܿ£˳٣֪ӿֲ
Ҫˡ
ͬҲܵһɽƾնֱӳƳϿգһĽƾ֣Уһ׹ڴ󣬻л籩ӿֿ֣µĻ治ϳ֣ĩս١ɢµѹ·ҪµһУͨͨݻ١֮ڽ֮С
£൱¡̨̤ȥֻҲ䡣
žƺ«͵عһڣо硣һ۳٣֮񱩣ͬСɡ
ǰ۳ʥͥⲻһĽһصĲ˾޴ĿԽ٣ǰδеģһֻ̣£ڰйעһĻȻֻܿ磬ῴ
ػ˵
üһ˿ء
һ㣬ӹɵġʵϣ׼ʱĻ棬ѾУӳգκ̧۾֪ܿעһĻ
̣
أ
ģ

壬壬壬עɼ
ڿϿճֽƵĻ棬һҲǰȻ˳һԪĴƣߣǸпһЩԼҪԵĶӦԣҲ׼ãȻһ֪ȥԡ
˳ĽǵõһҪܿ飬һܲסɵĺֻǽʧܣܴ죬ܴ졣۳ʥͥˡĴ١
˳֮жһ㡣

ɳϿգֳƴĹƣֳɫաһȥܸоǺޱߡУһﵽһǧɾ޴צ֡ڵõϿɵͬʱȻܿͷǣʼֳɫ·ǻƽ죬ֻǣֽɫֻϡҪɱ䣬̫ѡ
ҪٵϴУɱ䡣
٣ѣҲ컯
¡¡
ƷȻ䣬ֻƾȻ·ϯա


1856 ֻ
ô£ôԼˡ
ƲӦΪ׺ôôͻȻʲô۶Ӱɡ
ܶûпȫǵһμԣڽʱҲоһ죬֪ٵҪô

צĿãовȴ˿û˱ܣ֪ԼɱҪĿ飬Ƕ㲻ģеս⣬ױһſڼ䣬칦ֱӱ̽ڣȻ󣬺ηŽƳ˹ȥצǰ̽ƺҪһצ˺Ƭ׽顣
Ȼڽײһ˲䣬һֹı仯ˡ
嫵ĽУƺܿ˸Ȼ䣬ȻΪһ޴ĻɽڻɽУܿµҽڷӿɽ̫ˣɵҲɽ˲ϯȥ׽ڻɽ֮ڣ̵ҽŻԵĽס
ɽ̺Ļ֮ƺܽһдݻ٣ڻ
ǣҲɫ䣬ĸоҪԼɽסӵе̨ɻڻɽбճɻҽ
̫Եֲ
ңɽµǱ˲䣬ʱ򣬱ʱʮٱֹ
ȫܿһɹҽΪ֮ĳצˢȥҽУȫܿƺ۲ϵıڻѪ
ͬʱҲڿٸϻָ
ĹУȻܿϵĽɫʼǳͷ­ӡңѾɱɽɫĲ֣ǻɽеĻҽҲ޷֮ݻ٣ҽУ˸貵Ľ⡣
УɽڲϵĴݻÿδݻ֮䣬ܿ䱾ĴСڲϵСıԴڱģĥ
·ÿһ룬Σʮ֮ࡣͣۿɼٶС
¡¡
ɽҽϽȥܿɫɱٶȲڻУɫѾͷȫǣ֮ҽҲ޷ݻסͣҲУӲСһǧɡҪǣͷ­סˣҪġ
ɽͷ·һ޴ĵ¯ĶһУݻһС
ǳصȴܣһ϶¶֮ɫ˻棬ȻɫкȻ
б仯
йâһ˵
¼䣬ȻԿĻɽȻ俪ʼ仯Ȼ׵ľͻΪһµ磬磬ܹɢѪ⣬ݻꡣ
֡籩
籩ڣھΪУκҪ£Ҫڷи۶Ͻ飬䡣ԣ˿ڻɽ֮¡
ʿУʣҲǻԵġ
籩У˵ͨʿǴܽȥᱻεһ⣬룬ڡ
ûжɻԵĴڻвɫ׿ʼӣѪۣȻȻɱɽɫĶ٣ڵһʱֲȥֻҪɱеĻУҲ޷κΡ棬һ貵Ľ⣬ǡ
֡ױ

֡ȣ

֡ڰϫ

ʿУеĽѽϵĳ֣һδεĴݻһδܿЩ֣̺ſֲĽȻֲ֪Ҫֲٱݻֽ٣Ŀ¡
ǽ٣ͬ컯Ƕһϴ
ܿԭһǧɵڸвСһִϴѪеɱ䣬ڽϴ£ԭȵѪʱ޳ϵĳŸߵѪнһƬƬɫз䣬ڰΪ⣬ѤʡͬʱµƬΪɫɫУƺݳһֲϡ
֣˾֡
ݱʱȻԿԭһɳȻֻʣһɴС

ܿʮ˷ܣͨѾɱɽɫƽ죬ɢϢ˿֮ǰҪѷɫǿֲ಻Ϣһִʵĸоʮ
ɱɡ
צΪצ
ȻѣһɣѺ󣬾ȻֻʣһɴСҪûдﵽָ߶ȣֻ£ɱ۳飬пһɶУڹ֮ģҲͬ޴󡣡
ĿãҲɰһֻҪɱ䣬Ǿٺò顣
һΣܹɱ䣬Ӵ֮й֮ܿɱɺ󣬱ȥĹٴα˳ֻǣ³󣬹ƵĴСѾˮ룬աȴֻзԲǧɴС֮ǰУܹһδλķѵľǹ֮
ģõģ޷ָġ
Ҫ׳ֻʱۡ
˵ûгĻۣûӴĹ£㹻ˣҲ޷ɱ䡣еĹؼ֮ǰܹ֪ġһ̣ȴС
ԭҪʥͥҪˣҪ¡
һףȻӴĻۣһΣҲǳ˴һ顣лᣬҪġ
֪˳֮һͷ
ߡǰ̽·ߣӵиõ׼ʣһΣ׾˳еߣΪߵƽ˵·ǰ·
УҲҪһ顣
ɱˡצʥͥȻ׳ա
ңɢ¶Ц˵
̫ˣѾɱˣѾΪצ
צʵ̫ˣɫˣѾʥͥǴѾʥͥô
һ˫˫۾Ͷϣ´κһ˲䣬Ŀɱ䣬һе˷ȫԱжһ˳Ҫľ飬ɱ䣬ľ΢ĩСڡˮɵġ
Ѿɱ䣬ƳΪ׶ǣʥǡ
ûгɣֱӿ³һɳǱһģɱ䣬ɳǽѾƣŽɱ䣬Ľʥͥ
ʥͥʥǡ
˳֮ɳͬǱز٣޷ӵĲ֡˳ʥɳǱҪʥǣֻʥǣܳʥˡ
ƳǿɷͬСɣ˳ɳǣҲһһۣλһ壬ں²ɳǡ
ˣɳҪҪкԸ飬Ը飬ҪȨ
ӵĻԺУ˵
Ȼֽõص֧֣ûгԸ飬ɳǵǱܵӰ졣


1857 Ļ
׼
кԥ˵л۵Ը飬ֻҪҪԶãɳǵõĽϾĸԽǿԽã٣Ҫļ¡νһ컯Բݴ
лŶԸ飬޷㡣
ͨǴ磬ܹ󣬸ǲ֪ЩĵңҡǮʱȻȻЯԸϻ۸ջΪԸ飬ħ顣ħ鶼ֱңԸȴ
Ϊֹջ񵽵Ը飬˵ѾѻһСɽÿ춼кԸ鵮˵Ǵ֮⣬Ǵ֮ڣ׵˿ڣÿͨǺԸҡǮϡԸ͸һḶ́ûͣЪ
ȡ֮֮ߡ
Ĳ˵֧ɳǽԲ⡣
ǣˣһҪɳǵõɱ䡣žͿˡЦǺǵ˵
ˢ
ڽոɵ˲䣬ܿУһͨ쳹ص컯ƾճ֣צڣͬҲƳڡ
ش͸͸컯컯֮ɳǽҪ
ףǽ컯ץס컯׾ͳǿ
ңɳҪȵľһ컯֮
Ⲣ컯µͬʱȻ䣬һ嫵ɫҲɳǸסɫУܸܵһŨϡ
Ȼ۽ʱͨõĶ͡µ⡣ɳǲֻ˳ɳǣһۣλһ塣ڽʱȡĺôԶ˳ɳǡҪķѵԴͬޱȾ޴ġûгĻۣҪýﵽȻǲܵ顣
ֵʱ䣬ǲȺģ໥䣬Ϊһ壬ǴܶеĲͬ
ɳҪˡ
е㲻ԣ˳ɳǽʱ컯⣬ƺ̺һЩȻͬĶȴ޷̽֡
ԱߣĿãе𺳵ͬʱҲУоһ˿ֵϢʮϤϸ̽ʱȴʲôоһ㣬˸о֡
Ժ󣬹ۿɳɱ䡣
Կޱߵ컯֮֮ԴԴϵƳڡƳۿɼٶ˲͡չ컯Ĺע£һָԵɱ䡣
֮ȷɱ䣬º컯Դ֮֮ڵϵ¯Ҳڸɱ䣬ߣɳǺĵĺġ
ࡣ
ڿɱ䣬ܿԸĳ壬ۿɼٶɱ䣬øǿӼ̣ӳȡ֮ǰʮϰٱֹڣճĵۡʮФƱ鲼ɳÿһ򡣶Уÿһ붼ԸȼգΪϣ뵽ɳС
Ϊ壬ΪеĽΪܵϡ
ңܹоʮФҲڷɱ䣬֮ǰǿ󣬸Ӿˡͬʱɳ̺Ҳڲϼǿɱ䡣
Ĵԣ޼䣬ʣӦͽ̺˲ǿʮֹУɳǱøءȻЩϢѾɣ¶ȥûܹĵ
ܺá
иܵҲɰԵͷ˵
ˣɱ䣬ɳǽһԡЦ˵
ĺϢ
ɳǣΪƣ˫ϣ𣬲࣬بţ㡣߸׶Ρ
˳ɳǣڴﵽǣҲʱǲŻɱƼʳ˫۳ϼڴﵽʥͥʱܽ𼶡
ɳȴΪ̥Ӳڵ۳ʱѾɾ𼶣ٴνȫпܽ˳ɳǵ컯һٴδɾͲ༶ɳǡ
һһ㣬Ǵ֮Уӵѹһеĵһ޷ơ
ȻܲܳɹҲ֪Ҳ׼ӿԶôһԴԭ֮һǶѡҲҪɳɱȥ
䣡
ܿźԸȼ뵽УҲȻȻšʮÿ䶼ڱǣȻȻ͡ۿɼٶڱУա
ȫµڵķΧӾ޴˵֮ǰƳǿ˿ھסڵƳǣ֮ǰʮֹĿռøӵĿ㣬ټֶΣɵ˿ڣʮı
ɳţӦþǵĻˣֿµ˿ڣл붨ʥǡ
УɳеİգĿƳǷŵĻ棬ĿհֳȵĹâ
˵Ƴʱĸֽ򣬻ΪһĻǵڽʳʱٴʮƬ½µĳסأֵȵȣԳ֮Ϊڽ۳ʱһŵĲ֣ʣԳ֮Ϊ
ٴνɱȫԳ֮ΪĻ
³ֵĻ϶ҪȥסģյĻᡣܾסһ֮Ȼ顣ݵλһѪеԺ
ѾĻˡ
пҲǰԵͷǵĻЩС¶ѣűȻֵĽֵ⡣
Ƴǵɱ仹ڼֻǸոտʼ
ΪƳǵĺ֮һĹҲڵһʱ俪ʼɱ䡣Ӵ컯֮˳ŹĸӵƳڣУ·ľһ㣬ᴩķĸԴԴչ֮ȻȻĿʼϸÿһĳ塣ŵ쵽
Ըһ̣뵽ƳСΪһ֡
ͬʱܿ뵽ɳеʮФͬʱֳų⣬ɳѾΪһ壬ɳǽɱ䣬Ҳڸɱ䣬þ޴ôøǿǰʮФսףҲڿɱ䣬һս
ÿһս׵Ϣøǿ󡣱Ʒ鱦ԼڳƷ鱦ɱ䡣
컯֮£ǡа֮뱦ñʼɱ䡣
Կٴη룬תۼ䣬һȫµг֣صķ֯Ϊһȫµƽ硣
Ѿӵжʮƽ磬˿ڽʥʱٴοʼ
һ㣡
㣡
㣡

գۼ䣬ʮ㡣
ƽ˲䱩ǣùϵƽһӴﵽʮľ˾ء
ͬʱԭȵƽ磬ΧҲڷţ·һ޴硣


1858 
Щƽ磬δ·ġ
ڶ˵ģǶˡ
۹Ӧ˵ʥͥǴˡ
ͬʱƽ磬һƾۣôڹϳ˳ÿһƽ磬ƺʮ߼ʣҲϰ˿ڡÿһƽеԪʮŨң̺ģԪʥءϱء
ܺãʮƽ磬Ҵʥͥʮ졣Ըƽԣ
аһϲǺ¡ƽ磬ٶ඼ӶࡣȻǶƣԽԽá
Ȼƽв˵һҪϰڵ˿ڡһʥء츳ţԴڴ׵ڡ
ԴԴϵǿߡ
ȻҲЩƽʱֻҪɽƽĵʱԽСЩ⡣
̫ˣʮƽ磬Ҳ취ƽнפءܶԭȲûƽפţ¶Ц⡣ƽԪŨԪȫʥءȻҪӵפء
һֱܹŲ࣬Ҫܿˡӵ㹻Ĺѫͨ
֮ܿڷԪԪΪ֮ע壬ɳǡɳǳɱıԵƽǴ¯ϵԸ飬ΪԸУ컯⣬⣬ǻΪϣɳɱ
ܸܵУ֪УѾһֲĵϡ
Ըһִһεľ;в𣬲Ϣ۳Ը飬ˣ̺棬޵õԸԵԣʿȡԸԵĽԡЩܸܵԸ棬һڲ
ɳ嶼Ը죬Ϊ࣬˿̣컯£ȻȻĲɱ䡣˵£Ҫ׵Ķࡣ
¡¡
ƺڲ䣬һƳдݶ
ɳǶ緢޾⣬һʥĸо
Ƴǣʥǡ
Ƴǣ༶༶ʥǣ༶༶ۡ
ˡǿĵ̡
Ŀãһж¶֮ɫɳǴٶʵ̫ˡ·ˮɡ˼Ļᡣ
ͬʱһεѹƳ糱ˮ˷ɢݳȥɢȥһ˲䣬ѹƽˮ˸κ顣
Ƴǽ༶
еĸ챦׷׿ʼɱ䡣
ʺţӪѧ޵ȵȣڷɱ䡣ŵƽҲɱ䣬׷׵õɳǵķֱԱԴעȥ벻ѡ׷׷Եɱ䡣ÿһƽ磬ø졣
Щڵı仯֪֪
ȫס
һƳǣⶼѾɾʥˣֻУһʥǣ֪ûлǰһȻѵõľʵ̫ˡֻܿһ㣬ҲܸܵʢϢ
ɳǣؼһʥǣ׹ȻǴףʥϣѵһ콾˽ܡ
У֪ǿߣĿĿƳǣԺаһͷһĸ̾Ҳؼһʥǣʣֽ㡣Ŷ޷ĥӡǡ
ˣɳǵѾˡ
ʱҲһ˷ܵ˵
ʲôԡ
Ҳǿҵĺ֮ġ
ɳֱÿһǶǿԵ߸һС
ԡʧأ
ӿ˵κιɳǵĵˣܵԵķʧزֱӶ˺䵽ϣҲκˣֻǣöԷͻȻԼ壬Ϊʧȥơܶ˼顣ʧȥơʱжãǾͿԷʵΡ
ɳڵƷ׸߶ȣǵ̨֮ϵĴܣҲӡҪܵӰģֻǶٵѡ
ܺãǳá
۾ҲǶʱһһ㶼ûиоʧһ־޴ľϲڹؼʱ̣ȫһɱﵡһĹЧ˷ʤ
ش͸ɳǽʥǣʥͥɣ
еһϺȡ
һ̣׵۳׽ʥͥ
ܿؼˣѾʼֳɫһɳǵλãɢľǵɫĵˣԴԴϵĻ۶ڡ
˷ԴԴϵˣҲڵһʱ䣬ˮ͵Աǣۿɼٶӣӵٶȣȫһɣɵӡ̣Ҳ첻ȥﵽʥͥҪȻѣʥͥĵһˣҲֻצﵽɴС
צȦû빦֮С˷ܵ
ʣνʮֵĻϲ
ʥͥ
ʥͥ
ʥϣʥϣ

ſͬʱ֮УһƬȸԾڡ̻һ̱ȼҫգ𵴾·ƶ䶼ܡ
׽ʥͥˣԺУȫǷĵġ
ӽ쿪ʼǾǴʥͥؼһʥͥ
ڿʼеҲΪʥϡҲɳ֮Ϊʥ
ϣʳǻϣ۳ǵ۾ʥͥʥʥϡͥɻʣͥۡ
Ȼʥͥߵ𣬺ʣرĲࡣûκοɱԡ
΢μʥϣʥ
У׷׳йݼеĹͬǷĵġߵ죬еãνǲġ飬ΪıȡЩĿġ
ߵ죬УóϷ
׽ʥͥ
ͬʱе֮йâһת漴һ紫ݹȥȻ̣ͬʱ顣塣
׽ʥͥϢ
ʥͥؼ䣬һʥͥ
һ̣֪˳֮Ŀ⿴ա
һʥͥģɽһͥδס
ɿΪ֣д˶֣ա
˳֮û˶еѹ֣Ķ־е˳֮ҲǼǿ׳־ǴΪԼˡ
ڴʱɳУһɺ嫵ΰ糱ˮӿڣſһ磬һӴ˹עڡ
ɳʥͥ˷
һ˲䣬Ѿױ޾ڡ
Ӵ컯⽫һ컯
£ףһδ컯
˳֮ʱ֮Ȼ䣬ȴݳһεĲ׽ɢȥ


1859 
˿̣ձȺУ֮Уܿ˻Ƶĺ׼ҪǰףףӶ˵ĺ˿̶ƼԸǰģҲ֮ǰѾ뿪뿪ߣ˭ûϾεĽƴڣǲԸǰҲ޷˵顣
йܣڡ
ʮ溣ȫ
ӣ׷棬ԣˣѶϢǰ׵Ӷߣɲֻǣ˷дͬĿĵ֣𹥻һΣȺΧԡǴһͷͻҲҪ˺һ
οǵʵɲ
˴˿̼Ŵ󲿷ֵĺССĺƣ࣬ԲѷɫϰڡȫڵѪóɱѪսӶᡣռʱһȻȳ滹Ҫ¡
ʱһεѶųԺС
кͬһʱ֪Ӵ׵ʱѾˡ
ֵǣԴסˣˡ
۷
ˣ
ˣ
췢ź
ˢˢˢ
źͬʱεˣţͿ򺣵ͬʱʧƾʧڴ˳ʱѾױ߽⡣
·ص޿ɿܡ̺Ų˼
ڲУħҲͬһʱѶϢ׷Գ˯
ˣ
ѡ֮ս˲䣬ħƾʧٴγʱѾڲ嫺֮ĺ⡣һΣħ࣬ŶĴħ
׽ʥͥһΣҪֽ٣˳УõүıӣһǣɱɱףȡˣǾ𡣡
޷סеĳ嶯
Ȼ̰ԭڣҪǣ׸Ǵѹʵ̫ˣ֮ǰǵ۳۾嫺ȫһεвϾǾڴױԵҪţ˭ӲȻ׵壬ڸǽʥͥ˵žͻ֮
䱻أ
ڵõᣬȻԸܴӴ϶ȡˣǾǴףȫԼŵĲôԪˣش
Ⱥɻĸ֣ĻᣬһΣֻ¾ͲС
ʧʧ
౾ͲĽףѹƵ׷׿ʼѡѡȻһĿȻȴѹȻƴһѣƴһΣŤתǬĻᣬƴǾһᶼûУʲôܡһҪƴһѣǸɴԼҸطˡ
»ʳ
ʳ֮ڣһ۵ҹħ̧ۿգһ˿˿ɫ׵ĽҪʼˡһҪˡ
ʶ׼ô»ʳʵδûлжúô
һӺݻ˵ü䣬һεϡǾþλơ
ĸ󣬴Ѿʥͥˮˣʥ۲ŴԣԲû׼»ʳֽȥȴûжԴˣǵȴģȻˡ
ҹħʵȻһЦԺ֮䣬ͻԾ⣬ȴȫɽۻڣԵʣѾµħкܶ඼ԭȶɱɣһɱ䣬ǿΪսƽʱڸأһǻʳҲʹΣ󲿷ħѾ߾׼ͻϮס
ɱףӴжȡˣǶԣʧѹܣҲ׽ձ»ʳǻʳ̣õ׳Ǿ۳ѾԶľһ˶ѣձЩħȫԳײȫˡǣԽ۳
ҹħųһĨЦݡ
·Ѿ»ʳ۳һ̡ʱ򣬶µ۳ġֻ㹻ǿʵֵ׵Ϯ
Σ֮䣬Բܺƽ˳˳֮ˡҪôңҪô㡣ûйĵ»ʳڸڣκУ׶ҪԵļС

ħС
һǺҲǺǺҲʳ뺣໥ͱȻҪɱ¾ɾ޴ƻ߶ڲͣںƿءĶħǵսӶᣬ׷Ѱأ׷ѰħʵǶħʱ޿̲ڽеġ
Ȼа֮䣬ûоԵĶ塣
һжпܡ
ؼβͬħ
ǲڶĺӡǰݷáʥͥ
ʳϲѾȻϢ´ȥ
һΣ޽ܺҪǰȫµĺ򣬿µΰ󺽵һ´ŨϢӴ˵ּ䣬µĺſٻۣģ޴
׺Ӻţ׼ϡ
̫š
췢š
ںӺš
èš

ڶħУССĺŽϵļϡǵУ¶ǿҵԣһ۾ð⣬ǱǺǺϵĵǰ׶ˣ֪ٺ˷ܵ˯ãͲǰڵõѶţ׷׷ź
񱩵Ϣڿӡ
Щֹ

УĴһ
ܿƬһŰϢںζģȻһ߾ֻʣ°׹ǵ㣬麣ޣϣƮһİ飬ںϸ質УƺܿпµĹצ·ʹİ
һɰ׹ɵ鴬ɲ鲼飬Щ飬ϻսףűеͫ˸ƺܿǰһϳѪ⣬·࣬һ̾ͱáƺܿǱ¶Цݡ
Цʮˣ˲
ˣ

飬źܿ棬£ǵصĳŴڵλϯȥңһ䣬׷ƾʧ·𣬿Խʱյľ롣
һ̣ؼ䣬һɹɽɷ֮ƾն
ɱ֮գ֪УѾ׽򳹵ڡ
أ
б֣˳ʥǷͬʱͻȻ䣬ֻڶһ޴̳̣ͨ嶼ǳɫ·ѪһͨǼԿУ۳ɾ޴Ѫɫսǣ䣬Ǻ
̨Ƿ̣ǶλãѪǲ򡣲б䡣
նǺ̡̨һ챦ѾѪΪһ壬̣Դף̧۾ܿ


1860 ˻
أ
ãҲ̣ȼ˷̨ǼձȺ򡣼ձȺҲֱʡ
ȴӾлָһ룬ϱߵķ̨Ҳȼҵ̳浱һ㶼׺Ϣ
Ҳ̡еַ
Ķħ̣ͬе˷ߡ
ͬʱķͬʱȼ˷̨ͨ쳹ص̳ǰһ۾ܿȻʮֽľ飬Żȼ̣Ҫ̨֪ȼģһĵˣֱӾѹ̫Ӱ죬ûеȼ̨ıҪֻʮ𼱵Żȼ
ȻѾˣ˻ʥͥûеô򵥡
һգ˵תۿһУڣȻûа취ģǷ˳ʥǵķǴϣǾ͵ǳʧȥһ컯컯󣬾Ͳ˭顣һ̣˵ɳǣڲɶõĽ׶Ρ
ʧȥ˴̡
ȻҲֻʱ޷öѣһȵɷȻһлָȺħѡʱȷʵҵһõʱ
ĳ̶ֳϣȷʵʱ̡
ڶдħϯиʮڡ
кѪ⣬ʱ׼ǡ
棬ڵѪǣкĺͬ飬ǡ
һ鱨ڵһʱ۵ɳ֮ڡõϢȺգһɫࡣ
쵰һȺĺǴûȥǣǷȶǳֱ֣ǵ죬ΪǺûܹƵסô
ΪôҴױĲ࣬˶࣬λֵǣǹս
һȺħ֣ȻҲҳҴף֪Ҵ֮У׼𡣡
ѪĽѵΪǴ׵İգȫǳصġϣȥսЩħ¾Ƴԡ
ǺգҵĲ˵Ѿˡ
յըˣһмҪŭ𣬷ŭˡ
£
װտɲ֪ʲô
״еĻ䣬׵İɱ̽չڻҰԹѪ˭ث֣ս£жĹѫս϶ȡԳ
ÿս
Ҫױ˶
ЦװȫͲ¡
˻ֻǣʥڽܷ޷ѣǸͫ|˵
λ󳼣ʥϽ˳޷ϣɱ򣬾֮£ȫȨȣսдܾǲȫΪ
һ۵ӰȻ˳Ǳˣǲһ̣ȻȻɢһϣڵۺ󣬲Ӧ˵ʥǡʱ׾ȻȻһȡȣǱ޷ġ
ңڴУܵȺżߡ
ʥּܲ
Ųһݺ˵вּܲ˳Ȼ֮ǰʵѾõнĵʥּʱԱ£ڼȻвվҲûбҪóǷʥּ
ʺţս磬нʿʱ׼սӪУʱ׼ǰ滻رţʱȺ
ԥĿ
Уʺſһ߲ʺ⻮ƳգΪĵʺţֱӹᴩϱĴ
ǣ
нʿ׷׿ڴӦ
ֳۣѪĻ档
˵
ˢ
һ˲䣬Ϳ۵Ѿ˷Ļǰ
ȻܿѪ⣬˷ȫѹѹĴסںϣܿսҲЩ徹ȻԹ̤ںϣˮ˵ƺһвûУƽأ̤ˮУվںϵ壬·վ½ûκ
ʮֹ졣
Ȼĳصΰɵġ
кĲϯǻ棬Ҫ׳ûǸһۿȥ߼ʣ飬ǵо
гֳĻ棬Ҳô֮УһȻ
Ȼ£ȴܲӡ
Ȼ˻ķͬѰ˲Ϣ䣬ӴĴⲻκġҪ빥ѪǣƾЩɹȥرɷ
ҡҡȣ˵ü䣬һ˿˿ǻ۵Ĺâ˸
ѪڣԵֵʼĳвʺڣκսܼˣܷκ飬ڵһʱǲٽеȡڣԲӦ
ѪǾ߱ɴ
ܿס嫺ѪǣѾӱ״̬»ָѪǣָʵʮһɸߵĳ壬Ȼɢεѹ
ǽ֮ϣȻܿһʿɫȻŸλѪϣвt̨ʵһﱤǹ׾нʿӪկõġǴʵڣ˿̣иָսʣٰ˳ڳǽϣ󣬷ĴȫѾһըֱǲҪǮİڷڳǽϡ
սʣ浽¡սУ̺սһͻ򿪣ʣԴԴϵĻᴫ͹
ѪϣÿǧһѪսսУפ׽ʿʮЩʿǴ׵ĳرسǣսֱһսսԴơ
ÿףһʿء
ÿսһսء
Ĵһ־ͱ֣гرҲڵһʱ䷢Ѷţս׼ɱ֮ա
ɱѪǣɱףȡˡ
ɱÿɱһ׽ʿǶܴ϶ȡˣңɱɱɱ
ɱѽҪףġɱɱףȥֵǣԾɱĿ񻶡Ǻ˵ʢ硣

׾һأƳǣɱףᱦŮһС
¸¸£
ħ֣顣һŵǰѪǣȻѪǵΰһ£۾һӱ̰ȡǿˣѪϺ嫵ˣ˴׾ڰĹˣ˳ϽʿеˣĸоֻҪɱЩʿǾܶȡˣܱǿܿͻƣܴ
УѪϵĽʿѾˣһſſͻƱǿɵҩ֡
е˲ͳԺռ
ɱȥɱǡ
ռһУһС
ַͷ׻еǡ
ܿĴѾĳѪǷ𹥻


1861 
Ҵ׽ߣɱ⣡
нʿĿ꣬еоɹ
ܹըܹĴڵľʯܹӵܹҴ򣬺ݺݵش򡣸ҷҴױ߾ǳıӵħģҲҪ֪ʲô־塣
ɱɱɱ
ѪϣʿһŨɷȻرֻǴľӣܶ඼ǲμӱ۵ķԱʵսѷɫټרŵս֣սκ˳еľѷɫ
ˢ
ܿһʼһѪɫƾո֣ѪǸڡѪ磬н赲ûдƽǰǽϵĽʿȫѪɱѪǿսΪģзֱÿһսһսȿԽʡѪеҲԿٲ䡣еطˣҲܿٴûп򣬵»ָ
˵Ѫǵֹ
ħָħܶħѾΣ磬ͷģбͷģлͷģʲô͵ĶУĿɲȴͬǰޣڵǻۣңڻѪܹͨǻۣʩչѪͨսɱ䣬սϣȻǵ߸Եġ
𣡣
ʼͿУ޷ӿЩܵħʹΪȷԥĳѪǡħѾǻۣ̰ʹ£ҲԼ뷨Ȼ⵲ǰ棬䵱ڻңʹūźĺޣΪ޳Ϊһĳ
ףǻ۵Ѿһֱܡңħ֮УȴųѰƿʹޣ޺ѿܡոյĳţǱģʹܱߺеĺ嫺ޡ
Ҳսϵȷ棬ڻҡ
һ仰˳һ·ʯӡ
ಣ
ϯޣǽϵĽʿԥķ𹥻
ս籩ϯ
˲Ϣʮһܼꡣ
һɲǼ䣬ȥֹǰ֧
ưѹ
л⣬кзХнƿա
еȫ̺ǿɱķս
Щħƿ£һ˿ûη֮ɫӿ񱩣ͬӲܼĹļ꣬׷ױѪܼͨ꣬ڰУЩꡣ
ȻѪֵͨ޷ǵصļꡣ
ۣ
һսѪϳ֡
еıƿеıʱֱӱ渲ǣб⣬б˺бһ綾ɱ
޵ѪУʬ岢ûǰһ̤ںϣֱӳ뺣УˮȾ죬⣬ǵʬ壬ΪʳϧЩѪ⣬ȳΪĺѪʳѾһεȡȥ뵽ѪУΪѪǵһ֡
ûбѪʳĻᡣ
ַѪǣʬ壬
䣡
䣡
ҪͣɱЩħȫ⣬ɱ1
һϺѪ
ܼļϵ
ûκη϶
õʽнʿֳһеսڶȥǰһʼûʸ
಻һһ
󣬹
ͶʼκεַҴߣԶ
ĴڣĿ꣬޳ħ𹥻
һսʼ
Уȱսʣսǵҩ㣬ҪʡԾͷţֻҪɱˣЩսʣӦеãɱ¾Ѫ
Ȼܿ´޴׷׷䣬һ޴Ƴգ·һսзսìһÿһ޴ˣµ֮޷·ǴĲһ׾ͱƬױ顣
Ӳ޳˺ѳһ޴ĹѪۡ
Ͷܿ״ӣͶʯֻǣͶʯСң칤ƣСƣȥ󣬾Զٶȸ졣Ͷϣһ̣棬Ƿʯģŷըģ̵ĴСһԿԷֹϰöը
һͶųȥըɢͬŮɢƬսǸӹɸ˺սϵĵ˵ǾǷʤûжըԱġ
Ͷһ𹥻ʱͿ𵯱鲼ս
¡¡
ը׸սֲ֮˲ͽ˺Ƭ
ĴҲŷ
Щڲ󣬿Ŵĺ´ʮƣڹϣȻܿ˸ֳŨ⣬һУµڹбŷȥڹ⣬ͬ޴ļڡ̼Զͽк󷽵ħ£дħУȻըµĻâ˺һС
ЩսôڷϣȻơ
ȿѾõоʬҰ˲أ棬ֲĺˮѾȾ죬ʬɡ
սУͬĻ棬ֻ֣ͬԵĵ˲ͬѡ
ǿǴ׵սʵôȻǿ󡣡
ǾеĽʿоеս׵ǿսϡ
δǽһǿսκԣҪʮͷʹ˭ܹ׿ģڣȫ޵Ѫȥ˳һѪ·
ڴУĿùνսģҲǰԳ
֮ǿ󣬲ֻǸ˵ǿ󣬻ǻۣսǻ۵ĽᾧĲԽǿӵ˲ս
սУܿģֻѪ
ֵǣɱѪǣ׶ǵӶء
ܿڼձȺУźǲûħʹ޺޳ųǷܿҺͬʱʼ̽һڹܡڹȷʵܿǵĴҲѰĻڣһֺгĺڣⲢĴڡһ
һּձȺжصĺޣΪˮĸ
ֺˮĸˮпһˮĸҪǴӺ̳ͻữΪһ͸״̬ڸƷϣȻ󲿷Ʒ̫ı仯ֻḳһЩصԣͬħһ㣬ڴϣȴôڷı䣬ôھлؼˮ֮緢ƻһ㶼
ˮĸںϺ󣬲ı仯޷ҵģָȻ󲿷ֶˮԵĺڡ緢ˮ鵯ЩữΪҽҽЩԵ緢罬


1862 ħ
ؼǣˮĸںϺĴڣǿڵġˮĸʲôϡе֣ںУʮǿֻҪʱ䣬ǿֱӳɳʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬ꡣңͬݵĺˮĸںϳĴڣƷرġͺƵһʮĺˮĸںϺĴڣƽ׶ﲻֻ˵ͨƻƽףȴûдﵽƽסֻаģܴﵽƽײΣҲ
ǧ꣬ĺڣ˵ĺˮĸ鱦ĺڡ
ֻǣ꺣ˮĸνϡޱȣָʮҪ׽ѣҪԵҪпһӶҲഫʮ溣֮Ա֮Ϊ溣Ϊڴӵ꺣ˮĸںϺĺڡǲ鱦ǿս
ǿ
ͬʱתڣֱӶ׼Ѫǡ
Fire
𣡣
Ŀ꣬ѪǣҺ
ŭ
䣡
ͬʱ𹥻罬ڣҽڣʯڣǹڣڵȵȡڵһʱ䱬һž޴ĵ罬ƳգÿһŶ̺ſµĻֱײѪϡײ˲䣬ܿϹâһѪɫĽѾǽ
罬ײڽϣ˲ըĵƺܽһУȴ޷ƣֻǵһȦȦ⹥ֻһǧʮϰǧĹͬʱѪϡȻܿ磬ۿɼٶȷɿ찵
·һ룬ͻ᳹ױ顣
ЩУкֻܶǻƽײεĹʵ̫ˣൽͷƤ飬޷ĵزǻ棬ֲ
һּ𣬴Ƭ磬ٰһֻ֣綼ױơ
ãȫ׼
ϣսһĨᡣǰ϶Ľ磬˿ûη壬ֱ´
飡
Ĵڸŷ𹥻
һڹ㻮ƳգֱںϣʱͿкУ屻˲ըѣֲ˺Ƭںϵĺǵһʱ䱻µˣǵӴ󺣡ÿγǽϣŴķڣ
дڣ˲䷢䣬ڹ⣬Ҳڵһʱ䣬һҺ׻Ĳҽ
ţţţ
һϵ´ȥ
ȫһҵսͬһʱ䣬ĹʮȻ޷뺣˷ĹȣȫȻͬĸ˭ûԤϵл˶ĴڣͬʱǾڿȻ޷ɾ׼ϣȴԶ
ÿһڹ⣬ÿһ׼ȷһҺ
һ£ʮ򺣵飬׹󺣣ȻЩʧں˵ȫǾţһëѣֵһᡣȫĳܷΧ֮ڡ
ҪͣѪ絲סǵĹڻȫ׼ѪǣҺ䣬ݺݵĺ䡣
Ѫ֧Ųסģƽ磬Ǿɱף׽򣬵ʱ򣬴׶ǵԳ
һķźȫܸܵеļڴ˿۵ף죬Ȼ˺ǾҪгΪһľҪԵġûʲôˣûʲôܲܵ⡣
Ѿϰˣһη嶼ûУӵѪӿֳǿҵķͷ
䣡
ڹ˸ʱͿѪ˲䰵ġЩطѾں俪ѿĶڣȴһ̣ٻָϵĹâѾװһּ¡𲻶·ʱ
׽ʿɱ
ڣ
زʣǿǰսصȣѪɣս
زʣǿǰսصȣѪɣս
սսս
Թأ
ǽϣнʿ׷׷źһսУܸܵһֲҵϢսɳǾнʿߵҫҫԸѪȥȥ졣
֪һ𣬱ȻܼڻĹ£ܵĳǺεȵĿ¡ǣҲһջ
Ѫϣûгɣͷ𷴻Хڹײһ˲佫ЩըӲڿأըֹܵԽƻ
󣬷ĴڣǳϵĶԺ𹥻ΪʽڻͣһҺڻдݻ١
ãսʮΣãЩڻԶ̹ڷصѹ̫޴󣬱Ҫ֧ԮǲķĴڣسǽݻЩ
ǽٵѹҲֱӳ˵Уһ飬ԶڻĹȫԽǽһĸһȥǼҪѪȥֵڻĳ
ţЩȷʵе㶫أǴ׵Ը񣬸óʱӦóԹأΪԵǲɫţǰϷսһԺ𷴹ٵǲķĴڣǰϷսڳǽ֮ϣԺ˽ѹƣѹ档
ڼ΢˵
ǿļ𹥻£Ѿ̫о
ңڴսһ׶ΣȫԴѪǵĹؿźҴ׺һֽ׽ʱѪǣ׶κҾһ⣬һڡβܼˡֶ֮ʳڼ˵
Щھۼһʵ򣬿ɲѿֻһȺں֮ڣ˴˼ϵУҲ׽ֻΪۼһȫлҵ֮ɢơ
ţ˼Ʋȥɫ׼ս
Ҳ׵ͷʾͬ
ȻıôǣֻһȺЩļıûãԽ򵥣ԽֱԽãЧġ
ʱͻȻ䣬պ׵Ŀʼ
쿴ϡ
ô£ΪʲôͻȻӴĺơԣⲻͨĺƣпµϢħơħ
аħҴףҪ̽Ǵô
ħǴģôһ׶ûС
̧ۿգһ̣ϵĺƽ̫ڵסð磬һӱɺҹһ㣬ǻ棬ӿ¡εѹϯޱѹֵϢ
ڴ׸ɳУһʱ䣬ƣһ߸ңٴνڰɢָҹ֮ıãȴʵı仯
ֲ
ħУܸܵһĴֲ
ƺаħС


1863 
ãΣա
˭⵽ô£ʲôֱӽٵǴ׾ڡ
֪ͨɳǣý׼رϳǽս磬нʿʱ׼ս
ɫǿ䣬ֱ仯Ȼʲô¡εĽѣȻֻǳڴױ߽֮⣬ǳڴ׾ڵֽ٣⻭棬һͲǺͷ
ף
ף
ô£ЩԾԸףԲͨĵ˿ңħУ̺һ֮־ֲϤ
ңɢ΢΢üյħƣ
ԣϢУħϢħƣħ硣ħҪԴ׳ôǵ֮ͬʥˣȻӽԴ֣Ͳ췣ôȻǴзģȴǷô
ɫ䣬ۼϢϸ룬뵽ǵоħϢȻħˣȴħħ硣
ħħϵʣצ
ħԳ֣Ѿû̫
һħľͲ¶ôõʥ֮𣬾Ȼ³һ˳̫ûйˡɫ࣬붼ڲ϶һ˿ŭ
⽫ˡ
ȫǴеĹء
Ҫ֪ʥ֮ѾﵽһΣʥ֣¼磬״ҡ
һħѡʱǴ׽ʥͥؿ֮ʱ֣Ҳ˻ֶȹ۳ǽʥǣھ˻˻ȹ׾Уħ֣˳Ӧ˻ơУ³ҲմȾ̫ҵ˳ΪӵĽڡʵҪ´أҪɽʥͥ
һĨɫ
ò˵ʱѡȷʵʮֵ
ԸĽڡ
УôȴǶ˵Ƥȫ³ͷ·Ǵ۸Сһ⹫ƽûвƽǣ涪ˡ
ˡ
ܶʱȽҪѵĶࡣ
ãħ𳹵׷ŭˣ׼Գ֡
£Ůȴɫ䣬ȻҲûԤϵħ˵ĲһУԴ׳֣֣ƺûи׻·Ĵ㣬Ǳġ
һ뵽ħŮĳһǿ޷ܵġ
һֱڶ壬ڿûзԴףǵĴҪҲҪĳЩʱֻһöֲµӶѡ
пޡܷȻǺãܷãҲûκӰ졣
ǲϵĲͬ
ħƸûи̫ķӦᣬֻڳ׸׽֮ͻȻ䣬Ϳħдµħƺħ漴ħƾҷֳһУЩڿֲη֪޾Ŀ־塣
ãЩгֵλãö׼Ǵ׵ĸɳڣÿһɳϿգһСⲻǸ϶ſµĹ
ͫһ˵
ɲǿЦģħ׼ͬʱԴɳȫ֣ɳҲڣڴΧС
ɳǶз磬Ľơдṩ嫵ԪûгڣҲΣ˲䣬硣ػɳǡгڣԽӡ׹ˣ÷øǿгڸɳֵشӳǿھͲ֪ܲܵס
Ƴ忪˵
ЩȴﵽʲôΣһδ֪Ȼ޷׼ȷжϡ
ң׿ӵһǿĵơ
ֵڣΣŤתǬĻᡣ
䣡
ʱȻԿһУ׵ģ̽һֻֻ޴צЩצ󵽳κһֻвɾ޴ڣ鲼ƬצӣԾУţ񱩵ħ⡣ƺƬϣָħ۾ͣȵȣĿġ
һۿȥ̲ס޾ĺ⡣
ƺצУĳૣǳµħ˷ɢݳȥ
ҵͷ
Ѫҿ޾Ѫ
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ҵĽô᳤롣
ҪҵֱôҶħ
Ҫ죬óס䣬סħ
ڴÿһɳУܿų૵ħ£ɳ⣬տʼı仯н³һڵϣ뻹ҪСԼȫһܶһ͸оֽҪѣҪ룬Σա
ͷ·һһֲ쳣˫ָ֦һҶ̵̱ģȻֹĻ棬ϳֱ֣ͻȻֳƬΪħצġСһСεġʲôı仯Сǧٹ֣ﶼû塣
Щħ
ڣװտɲǳԸɷģһḻ̻ʵĸͦùҲͲˣ˭ǳһૣħϾͺԥĽԼĶʱһӣϵħͿʼסתԪϴˢڵħϵҲڽϵɢ
ЩֻǷһ˲䣬ӳħֵѹסħҲգ֮ѣװյķӦν졣УѸٶžԴͷ
ֻצԴħѣֻһԱܵĳǿ⣬Ȼµģצһ֣աһֿ񱩱̬ĳһɳֱӺȥ̬Ҫ׽һɳǣ״ݻ٣ͬеİգȫ顣
Ĺ
ǣƳϿյצӾ޴󣬷·춼ڱƳ¡
ػ
׾ڣгУ׷׷ɳһӰӡշ𣬷һϺȡЩɳ֮һ̣ûѡ
ܿŹӡųһƱ⣬ɳǲӦصķĴɳи֡
˸һ޴Ľƽ˲佫һɳǳڣӽɢĹâܿȻĴݳһذĺ֮ƽ磬ɳΪһ壬֮µΪһ壬ṩԴԴϵԪ֧Žתɢǿػ
гаշģǴɳǣнػػʮǿڳУܡȫ
һ׷׿ڰаա
ܵвķΧ


1864 
ڴħͬʱҲ뵽һ״̬С
׽ʥͥ˳ķˣ⣬ź嫵Ԫ޾컯֮ƳеķַӾˣǴﵽ༶䱾Ѿǲ𣬲೤棬컯ȷʵԹģ˳֮е컯
ַ̺ԹĺôԺΪ磬ͨԴһж֮УӶطĸ׳
ǿԵĽɱ
ɷ̫֮Ӵ󣬷·һ㡣
ǿķܸ֮оֻҪԸ⣬ʱøոͻƺľ磬ٴһΣﵽ̨۷壬ʡ´Ĺﵽ̨֮ϣδûлᡣ
Ҹոս̨ۼ̳ҪһټͻƵĻδЩִ̫٣ȱٵ̣ⲻҪġ
аһͷ
ֲ̨ΣȻΪ磬ʲôǿģԵ򣬶ѡĵĸ򣬵ԽǿŻǿ֤֮ǰǾǴһΣҲδܳصĵжǿ
ֻǿǿ
ۻ֮ǡǡһ˳ɳġ˳չĹУȡ֣׳ۻʴÿһʵģȹ̵ġ
磬̨Ѿ㹻Ӧľ棬ⷴ컯ѵõĻܴǾ壬ҵ廹δɣһΣ˵Խɱ䣬Ѫͳ塣
һ룬Ѿ
컯࣬ԴѪ塣
ûгɣϡ
ĸһеĸڡһֶ壬ԷΪСɣɣԲ׶Σﵽ۷壬ӦʮǧöԴѪȫۡ
СʱҪ۳ǧöԴѪ
Ҫ۳ǧöԴѪ
Բ۳ȫʮǧöԴѪ
ֻҪﵽСɣͿѪͨﵽɣѪִ֮УֱԼеմѪڣڴѪΪʵ˲ǴﵽԲǽŽѪأǼ꣬ѪȥΪѪԴͷ
ΪֹڵıԴѪѾﵽǧöﵽСɣѾԶЩ꣬ڳϿǴûпֶʳȥȥΪѪϡԴѪҪ۵Ѷʵ̫ˡӵԴ޷ۡ
˿̣žһ£嫵ΰԴԴϵ뵽С
ͨͨ
ķ֮ȥھڵѪҺʱʼɱ䣬һεϽɫıԴѪһַ˵ٶţκʱҪ죬ԴѪģÿһζҪķѺѪʱȻڣȴһνһΣȻĵÿһΣܿ壬ڷ⣬ɢÿʱÿ̶
ǧö
ǧö
ǧ߰ö
ǧö

ηʵ̫ˣȫѪУɵĺǱԴѪǰδеٶۡգۼ䣬ѾﵽǧöʱֱӴﵽǧö
䣡
ڵѪ˲䷢ı䣬ܿѪʵѪҺֱȫɱɵɫҲκʺѪҺȫǵɫһŨĵɫѪë緢⻯ΪɫءѪдѪҺ·ӱڡ̡
иǴűɡ
ܿͻ֣ᷢ˿̣Уڷһı仯
ǧöϽɫıԴѪͻȻ䣬㷢صϱ任Ȼ䣬Ȼһ𣬻ΪһϽɫķڷϣֻһͼǾһۣĵӰϸȥǵۻʲǱˣбģֻǣòԵЩģѡһĥĸо
һεɢݶ
СɣѪԴѪͨǶѪͨ
иоҲӿֳһǿҵϲ뵽Ѫеڵ۵ϣվһҲܲŭķܵѹơ
ɲֻѹ塣һʩչֻСɣҲԽиµ飬ǿѹסΪʵѹΪһɣ⻹ֻСɣһﵽʱѹƵķȻӿ¡һܽѹĹڵϣҶ
ѹֻһ֣壬Ҳ֮һĳ̶ֳϣʩչöԷ飬ɢµ¡
Ǳ޾ġ
ѪԽǿԽǿ
Сɵ˲䣬ܿڵѪǡٶȣĿ졣
ÿһ̣ڱңһʮ

Ѫдһڿڱϵĸ֡գۼ䣬֣һµɫתඦ硣ÿνɫƷףɱ
ඦǧ
ңⲢǼޡ˲Ϣ䣬ʹﵽȻǾΡ
ת۷塣ǧ
Ѫд󣬵Ѫۣ뵽ѪС
ͬʱܿ˸·Ǿһµ硣񾭡ϷϣڶбãƺȻ뵽ѪУڹϣΪһ֣ȫܲɷ֡
ͨ
ңܿڳѪע£ͨڲϼӿ졣ƺʱп֮ܺη컯ʵ޷ͨḶ́·Ǹʱһ
䣬һöɫӡ֮ۡ
ͨӡ
۳ͨ˲䡣
Ϊֱͻơﵽһ漴һȫµѪһڣһ̶ոԵЩá
ȴ־ţΪת
ת̶֮
һﵽ̶ԭȵඦͬʱɱ̶
Ѫڱǡ
УԴѪԴԴÿһΣȻ뵽Դ֮УΪһ֣÷ϵķƸ¸ӡ
̶еѪҲ˲Ϣ䲻ϱǡѸӡ
ԴѪٴα
컯ǿ󣬸һ̤ʵ֮СǶıκľҪǿĶࡣ
ĸоı仯ֱ仯Ϊͻʱûиоġȫͬĸܡ


1865 õ췹
Ȼ仯ûнΪڷԴѪҲڿӡȰǰľѡµ幦һ񣬿൱ؼá
ϵ飬֮ǰѾй׼
ؾУղźĹģҹеĶħռʮ־ˣڵĲؾȫ˵ؼ⣬ḻһΡ
ܶħҲ˵幦
硶ĺ塷ħѪħ塷ЩǴҹлȡϳħ󣬶ͳǿħս
ͬҹ幦Ҳ١ħսջĲֻ챦иֶ⹦俪£ȡ书ҲЩ꣬׵ͳΣԽԽģܶлȡĹҲϵ¼ؾС
ħħȪ۾ȵȣҲϳ˵幦ڿѡأǰԣȻǸӾˣӹκԵĶС
һΣѡ幦Ϊ澭һ£Ķ⹦澭У̺һ巨ţɹԾ֮ս壬ﵽ£Ի󺣣Ҳڻ¡
һ䣬澭巨ѾԺУҹͼһͼͼиֳö̫һӰų޾̫𣬲ϵķ壬һ㽫еʴ̫һճɻҽȻڻҽУȴӿֳһǿҵУٴһαաַḶ́ʱ޳ڲɱ䡣
̫ǻҲ
ֽ̫ȻͬȴڹͼУչֳ
֮ϣв˼ΰ
ڷ״̬£еһУ·˿ڹ򣬸Ѹ٣幦ĺģͼֻҪйͼͿԽ壬ܿ죬ڵ߿̶УһӰ֣⣬ö̫˸ɢȵĹâ
̫֮ʼѪ
幦ѡɺѪԴѪǵٶٴӡ
ϵı仯ûжֳ̫ȫ£֣ĿԴ͸ȥֻܸоϵϢڲϱǿ
Ҳ֪ʱ̣бǲܶġڴУƳǵҲ޷ãֻͣУ޷޷ӳǿս

ڼȻħĴȴͣȺ
ֻ֮УɳǶػ֣ɢʵʵĹâһֻֻצ׺ݵĴ£ĺڽϡ
ֻһͿµĺױɽֲĳһɳǷ·һ嶼ھҡΣϵĻζеĽҲھҡΣǻ棬ͺһֻצֱӰһֻϣʱҪǸƣƽϵĹâ޷ٶȰ
ְκһζҪĸֱӡ
ٶȣôе޷ѸٲԪ˵ٶȣȫ޷ĵܵĴ̫ǿˡ
ãħĹ̫£ػֵס
еֵܽǣǸǳʱˡҪ£ͬС
ɣΪ񣬾û¹
꣡
˲䣬ܿػĹâѾװ£·Ѿ׿âһ㣬Ȼ򣬾ڰʱͻȻ䣬ͿƽԲ˼ٶ˲ųǰδеĹâǹâʼʱҪǿʮٱޱȣޱȡ
飡
ţ磬ըѣȻը
籬ըľΰҲڵһʱ䣬ֻצϡţͿǾצдµħ֮Ȼֱڰбɢ塣ȴڷʱΪµħɳɢȥ
ӣ󲿷ֶɲĳӣЩӿܹ£Ϊָħаħ֣ãħޣצ㡣ָǧٹֱ֣治УʲôͶܿĵֻ벻û￴ġ
ȻЩħ棬ոյľצħħ۶ɣܱ˵Ӳػƽ绹һǿĵطǾڱƵ˲䣬ѵͬʱý̺ȡ֮˲䱬ʮٱƻݻٵˡ
ǽУһػ
ĴҲСôֲСģңķѵǱԴ֮ҪָҪ̵ʱ䣬֮һУ޷ٱνǼһơ
Щħ棬ͬҲħһֱ֣ӾͿʼԳаշ𹥻
һֻֻ۾ħ׼һųʦ͵ص˹ȥбһڵħ⣬ħУ̺Ź˲
ʦħ۵ƺסˣп־֮ɫһģֻħһӾͱ˷ӵϵʦ۾г˹ȥ·Ҫռ۾ϡ
Ȼ򣬾ħʦǰҪԴʱȻ䣬һλεĲ˵ƾճǰڳʦУһնħϡ˲ͽħ롣
ٿʦﻹʲô־壬ֻһЦΪүүǳصģǳʦҲõ췹Եġҵң㡣
£ŵͳħȥ
ħУһȺŵʳģͳͳӦñ١
ɱȺħ֪ǳʦУǾһȺ·ʳġ
ֵǣӣǵԴ
÷ǣǵļǡΪǺǵôҲܸ׶
еİգڿħɳк󣬱º͵Ϣ˲ͷı䣬һһְѪԴȫ˲Ϣ䣬ͻµˡ
֮УûͨˣȻҲûУдĺͯЩͯڵһʱ䱣ڼУֱͽѧԺѧ֮УʦбӰȫգʿ̫̫֮֮ҹ£ǣ꣬ÿ춼ǿԶͬʿҪǿĶࡣ
ħûо£һѪԡļսһ
ȻУҲˣЩħУҲǿڣÿһɳУǿ٣ǿߣȱͽˣǴ󲿷ֶ
ڴо仰˭ûˣҰɱޡ֣ǺϸĴװա
ֵϿɵĴڡ
ƳǣͬצֻǾצƳϣǲûֲ˲䷴£ӲͽצǿбƬħƳеĻᶼûСֱӴޡ
ȻеѾڣоצпʼ֡


1866 ɽ续
ãػѾƣצٴγ֣һɳǶشǱ״ݻ١
ô졣
Ⱥһɫ䡣һӦԲãֻ´׶ش˴գаտӦЩħȴ޷ħ۶ɵľצ
µġ
ʮФػʮФֹЩħצ
˵
ףʮФػǿҲ޷ֵħצǳҲ޼¡ҡҡͷ˵ҿ׾ڣһ޴ϷˮܿˮЩצδܶҴΣ޼ɡ
У⣬ɨķУأǲͬġһݷŵϷˮǱȫԸ컻أӵв˼ΰ
Ҵ׵ǿ֮һϷˮ󡪡ɽͼÿһɳǣǷˮһ֣ɳǣǴΨһڣҪˮ󣬾ͱҪƳǵЩҪʥּȨܿ
ǰһٿ˵
ڣڽܷĹУﻹпּܸȨ
Ȩˮһкɱе
ԥϡ
¼ȨΨһѡ
ǣʥ󣡣
ҲϵĴӦ
Ҫľһ仰ɽͼ󣬱µģˮİû˭ܹУֻ˿׿һУΪ˳֮Ȩһڣ۳ľǽɽͼˮΪͼ
Խ󣬽ɳԽ࣬ˮַΧԽ㡣ʵҲԽԽǿٶȻ᲻ϼӿ졣񣬽ľﵽʲôزһֱû˭ܹ
õֻйâһɽ޺ȻѾСɽϣصķ˸
ž
ɽ޳һ˦ʱһһ֪̺ʲôصУɳǲԼͬĲһ¡
ɽͼ
¼䣬ƳǺȻɢһɶһ⣬ӳи֣ͨءڴɳУ𶯣һͨ׷ۣɳС

ЩͨУȻܿһӰ֣ǴԻڿն顣աȻ䡣Ϳһ޴ͼڴ׽Ͽո֣⸱ͼ·ʼվʹڴ׾ڣ룬Ȼܿͼڿٴ۳ʵʡ
ա
ͼУܿɽܿһɳڡȫǴ׽ɽӵӳ
ɽͼףнȫƿ֮ڣͼĺ嫣ʱôհ𺳣ȫû뵽׵Ļˮ󣬻˵졣ɢϢκ鱦Ҫǿɲ⣬ǻŴУװյ־Ը
ЩеħצҲ۳дصĺһ£·Ҫɳǳ״ݻ٣ֻϧڰУнɽͼأצһֻһֻȫû뵽ڽɽͼУײûд޴ĺֱû뵽ɽͼС
ͼһ磬һأ̺ź嫹Ŀռ䡣ϢľͽֻǿɽȥţͿͼ޾ţ֣䣬һֻֻצɢħͬʱɽͼУðһɫĻ棬ħȥ׷ڻзճɻҽ
ǰǷĲҽȻʮֵʹࡣ

ҧȴĿã۾ˣ̲סһģϲ
ȻǻЩצԻƽ磬ȴ޷ƽɽͼ̽ȥճɻҽֻҪûħ֧֣֮ǰħҪɾɶˡ
ǿҲ¶һ˿ĵЦݡ
ÿµķˮ󣬾Ȼ׽ɳǶۣ۵֮ɽһͼ֮С۵ʥͥ죬أˣģգɳǣȫΪһɽͼͼһɱɽӡģԲȫܡ
صĿãеظŨ
ӿֳ˼ȻǴܹȫȹȥڴ´еĿԣȻĶˡչֳĵ̣ԶԶǵԤ֮⡣⻹ȫûг֣ɳҲûжù
ڴ˿ֻ̣ɽͼ͵һţͳеħƵȥ·Ҫħȫȥħƾͷ·ʱһͻȻʧ֮ǰһУͬһλһ㣬ڡ
ħˣ
ңɢ໥һۣһͷ
ƺԵЩ̫ˡ
ⲢħԸ
ȴһȻܿУٴðһž޴ѪƣѪƳֺûκγɣȻ䣬һھ޴ޱȵѪɫ챮ƾճ֣Ѫɫ챮Сɣ챮ϣܿһѪɫɱָ֣ÿһ·ܿһƬƬʬɽѪ
ܵ޾ɱ¾
Ѫɫ챮ѪѪɱҲˣȻֱѪɱ֣Ѿ˼ɣ涼ҪˡǵҪʲôü˵
ѪɱѪ֤ҲǱԲ׳ֵġɢϢԲκ鱦ѷɫǸӿ¡ɱ⣬˺Ѿ졣
һ̣ѪɱĳŽɽͼȥ·Ҫͼױ𡣲κβ챮ϣѪɫ粻ϻÿһ磬̺һɱһѪӡ
һУ̫졣
Ѫɱɢѹ糱ˮϯأգĸоУͻȻ䱻µĻ⣬ʬɽѪѪɺӡޱɱ¾һĻĻǿҹѵجΡ
һۣϾͬޱߵļ
ѹȫ궼Ҫѹб
ѪɱѪΪҴ׺۸ô
ʱƳУȫеУͻȻϵɢһεѹ֮ɢݶϵϢĿ¡·һӣԽһΡѪˮܹͻ֣ᷢڣȻŰ˿ڱ
˿ڽɫı
ת֮
壬֮
˳ɳǵķڽһκ󣬾ͳһաʵı仯֮
飬вûиоֻǳڷУ޷˼ɶѣڳɷеһУͿԺúõ㡣
˿ĿôѪɱУһĨ䡣
ǴףĽ
κҪҲҪͬ⡣


1867 ͽ
׽ʥͥٶ˻֮ʱЩţȫ³ȫ棬Ҳ֪ʢϾܾ𣬱ȻѾǵֻҪԼɿڣӦǵҪ̤֮ڣǾûлĿܣ³Ѿ˺Ƥ
ȻѾ˺ƤǾûʲôɽ
ȻǵˣǾ취Ū
¾𣬴׿ɲ¡
׵λ񲻱ȵͣȥίȫ
Ѫɱܷ񵲵סɽ𢡣ֶŽɽͼһָȻһȵɽ续־ɳǡ
һ䣬ȻͿ޴ĽɽͼȻ䣬Ϊһ޴ޱȵɳǣɳǣڷ⣬ڣ·ܿ޾գ޾ź
زʣǿǰսصȣѪɣս
زʣǿǰսصȣѪɣս
սսս
ãսڳлص·Ǵ׾ڣаʵźߣƻǰĵˣŭ
Ϊ˸ѪĴۣҲϧη塣
Ѫԣս⣬һɳǡǽɽͼչ֡
¡¡
ɳײѪɱϣͬײһ㣬˲䱬ޱȿµĺһ֮£ɳ𶯣ѪɱȴײУӲһѺۣ֮飬Ծ˵ٶȳŴ׾ڷɿ׹ȥѪ⡣ҰɳС
ɱɱɱ
׹ĵطȻ䣬ܿƬֱӱΪһĿѪޣЩѪޣÿһԵʮָߴŸָıһƬɺ졣Ŀʮȫµļ⣬ȴҲκ覴ãܸܵڱըԵӿ
ͺƣòȴ൱ĳªηԾĸܵһ־塣ǣЩѪޣһʼɱ¾ϵƤֳѪɫޱȺˣֻΪɱ¾塣ǿǽͷ­նϣපҲܷһ׺ޱȡ
ЩǿսˡͬУѪ塣
ѪɱѪıѪ۶ɵαѪɱȻѪҲԳ֣ؼڤڤеĹءһαѪɱ󣬺Ҳ̫ˡɢڴеѪޣֻ²֮ЩɶΪɱ¾Ŀ塣װҪܵѹˡ
˵Ѫ޷ʮֹ죬ֻҪ㹻ѪѪأһѪΪԴԴԴϵѪޣҪԴֻǴѪѡڻҰУǿͬƹ֮ԴԴϵγɸѪޡһҪǲܳѪޣɾе鷳ˡ
۾һѪԳ֣Ǿһж˵ҪعصĵǾͷʹ飬˭ҪͷʹѪޣҲǺ£ЩѪޣԺͻһԴԴϵðĻв
ʲô¡
аħħѪħѪ޳Ҵ׾ڣ˭ÿɱһħһѪޣɻȡѫѫ٣ħʵɱԽ࣬ѫԽ࣬Ч
пһɢڴ׾ڸصѪޣǱ鲼ɳǵħ΢΢üһΣλĲ֣ôʧаգѾֲСЩħװ޷ȼġװգҲ޸֮ߣһ飬ҲҪġ
ǴȫϳеħȴûôţԼ׵㹻ֵħϮǿ飬γչԼʵĻᣬȻ׺ܰȣȴǣӣѪͶġҪսıܡ
ؼ䣬һжΨʵΣͷԱ֤ȫ̡
ҲʼǿϢĹߡ
񣬾Ǽɹʱ̡
˸һĴۣɶ˵ȷʵֵõġ
ⲻʹջδ
ȥս磬ţԳսǲձȺħȻַҴףҴ׽֮ʱҴףǾ֪ҴߣԶ
лȺоɱ⡣
ʥģʱ׼š
ҵɵȾųͬĻش
˿̣ܿ¹ӢľһŮҲսף֮Сһ̣ǲǴ׵ʥͬҲһ֮ǹޣսҲͬǵĹޡ
Ҵ״ûбϰߣȻþȫҴ׵ĵˣһΣӦǸһ£Ǵ׵顣Ȼ˻ΪǴҹսϣѪɱʮֻ꣬ڿЦ
бзһߡ
ҹսϵȣڲͨͨѣʲôΣվûп
ͽ࣬λ䡣սҹ
ٴ˵
¼䣬ûκγɣһ䣬ȻԿƳ⣬Ⱥšһڣɢ޾ħ⣬һãݳ֮
ͽħţ
ͽţ
ϣȻԿħħ޵Ӱÿһ𣬶ɢɷħͲ֮ڵĿģΪɱ¾
ųֺ󣬶ʱͿ˸⣬ţͿһѪţħ̤ÿһвϰɣϢסһ̤ź󣬾Ϳǰĵ⣬ֱӹᴩգŶĴսλȥ
УȻܿһħֻ̤ǾββܿβħÿһԵ쳣񱩡ϵϢֻΪɱ¾ڡ
гֺҲ׷̤ϲʺţ˳һ⣬ٳĴսȥ
ܿѪţħħԴԴϵĴ̤գۼ䣬ͻųǧʮϰ򣬺Х·һ֧಻Ĵ
ͽĸ۳ͽսϣԺ޼ɣ䵱ǿڻҾţ˵Ǵɱ¾ľšݻһеˡЩͽֻؼ֮ͿԴԴϵٶ࣬Ҳ˿ʹ
ֻҪͽڣٻ޾ͽ
ӲҪ˵ħŻţ۳ͽʵʮǿͬУҲǽ޵еĴڡ
׾Ȼĵƣǵɲ⡣
һĻңɢУȴԽӵĸо׵ĵ̷Ƿ˾̾
ԴԴϵͽԵֵǧֻһ㣬ͿսľơͲ֪ͽٶȣҪãҪٶȿĻǾǿҪĻȴδزܶԸ
ҵս硣


1868 Թ
оѾ׼׵սУʿһȲҪսΪ׳ԼսɳҲҫΪһ̣Ѿȴ̫ˡۿɱȴּ֣ܳ尾ǳ޷ġԸսɳǵְʹ
սУʿķǰ
ս֣ʱԳ
ʥȸţ汾˧ǰսս顣
ҵ̤ս磬гȸлܵţսǾĹأǾųҲ޷ԽҪء
Խߣá
ɱɱɱ
ȸŰʿһϲڳѾ׼ʱʱԣȻԥĸҵ̤ս磬̤ϲʺţһֱӳűսȥ
ţ汾˧ǰϷս
汾˧ǰս
׻

һ󽫽ս磬׷״Եľǰսս¹ӢľǣҲ̤սѵǰû֮սףǾһսʿ


һ֧֧Žϵ̤ս磬ڴ֮Уȫܿһ߲ʺٴлÿһսɱս
գۼ䣬ķ޾ţľţоţʮФţɫţţǻûȫλ־ţͳͳһ̣ȫǲȥȫǧƵľ
ʥ٣ߣɽս磬ֱѡʮʿȡһѪ죬ɽĴսΪҴпܡڴսУӱߣõ뷷⡣
һһ̴սС
ʱô۾ʼŹ⣬඼̲סھܵǿҵ˷ܡ
̫ˣһǵ̫ˡ
ϰգҡнĺӣȫʥΪʥΪ˴ףԸսɳ
ãããڿսˡЩ壬ַҴ׽ǾҪȥľ򡣶ңǸǴȥˡ
ھսеȴĽţʵ̫ˡ
纫ۣ࣬ҵʷ¹պдӱĽšЩţǸʷѷɫκʱֻҪǻᣬͻ˷һǧ֮
ЩǴӱĽš
ھսУвǧ
ȻܾܲܵĿ飬ӱھһλᣬֻҪһսչֳԼǾ㹻Լӷ֣ʵսɫ
ͳʮǿͳ
սǿʵսӦ
ۣӻ
һһ̣ʱͳĻͳʮֻһεսЧΣͲáᱻϡ
ǣ
ǰһӹҲһھһݣһĻᡣȻԼĶӺܻѾΪФػԸ⣬ȫڣֻǣһףȻûӿڵĵϣһ׵ϡ
׹ӻ
һǰӹйâ˸ĲƽڲѧгıѧӣҲξõѡֻھУսУǿıͨ
壬ӻ
Ȫӻ
ɽӻ

̲Ͻк֣һŶǷ׷ǰӹȻ󣬺ԥתǰȥѡԼҪʮʿ
ʮУҪʮʮʮ򵶶ܱʮǹ
Ҫʮ򵶶ܱʮʮǹ

һȡĽţǰȥļԼҪı֣ԼľšвĿ츳ֱֿ֣֣Ҫѡ֣ȫһ仰顣֧Ƭ̼齨ȻȡѪ죬̤ϲʺţɱս
һΣ㷢ǧöÿ֧ʮĹЩڵĴս
ڴ׾ڣֻܿԴԴϵĴӾս̤
˿̣ĴսУѪѾʼվ
ֻڲУħϯʹ޳Ϊڻ£ħѾ嵽ǽ⣬һѪͨ籩ڽϣѪѾ㣬Щħʵ̫ˣڸʵϣʮֿ񱩡Ľף׵ģײεħ߽ײεħҲδûС
Щħɲޣʩչͨиַ
ɱɱѪǣѾоЧոɱһսʿҸоΪһڡ
Ҫ£
ǲܵסǵĹƣɱѽ
ħзĳǽ
ˣֵǣ׼Ѫս
زʣǿǰսصȣѪɣս
սսս
ǽϣʿŭ𡣽µĲû˿ӹ
ˢ
ʱ߲ʺ⻮ȻܿһƬӰС
ҴߣԶѩþţɱ
һĶϺУѩþѾִս
еĽʿͨѩ׵սף¾޴ħãɾ޴󣬿ʮͣԷһ°ѩħ˫УնɻΪոˣͷ­׾١
˿̴ȾٱܼļǵأţͿ޴ħú׺ݵĳսϼ̤ȥ
ž
ħħòͷʱͷ­Ȼȵϡáħؿڣع˲ѣѪڴڵ
ôܡ
ãôôײС
ãҲð
ħҽУѩþŵĳ֣ʱսϼһκˡ
ѩþţ棡
ѩؿûжЩħκһϺ£ѩþҲŶµħñ˵ٶȣҪ֪ӵٶȣ൱µġ
£硣
䣬ܿѩħ˸ź⣬һſͷ­շ
սţɱ
һһ֧Ӵľƾճ֣Ȼܿ󻢵սţ֧ŵһ͵ľ޻ѹ糱ˮɢݡ䡣Ҳ档
ʱܿһ֧֧٣ʮФš
һ֣ͳսûзħ˲С
ǽϵĳرǺԥ󲻶֧Ԯɱħ
ô£׾ȻֱǲţҪʲôΪǳصô
ĺãгǽ赲֣ȻҳǾǡ
ħŭѣȻ벻׸ôôǿڹǣǵԶԶЩšôûнǷ۵ס


1869 ת
ˢˢˢȻ򣬾ʱе߲ʺٴ֮Ϳ;޴ĿѪħţž޴ħһ֣׺ݵĳܵħնȥЩħţȫ˼İΣ޴ħ£һѪȷ磬Ѫ
һƬҽУħնɱ
Ѫħţ̫ˡңǳֳ״̬ǳսɢȥһȥͶܱħ޲Ĺɱ¾Ǵڵ塣˲ħƲ֡
Ҫ֯ԽսʮФţ׼Χ˵ħʱһ䣬ûа취֯ЧΧѪħţֲʹҡңЩѪħţһԳ֣ǽϴӿн٣׹ĵص㣬ȫġ
ҲߣĿģͻᱻͻУֱӴвơ֯Чķħ֮У˲Ҿ֡
ħϽ١
ħǿ񱩣Ыβ䣬磬Ы£лΪѪˮֱȫֻУΪҽҲ˲⣬ͬһ㣬֮顣
ɱɱɱ
ѩþţսѩз籩
ѩصĶϺս𣬺Ȼ䣬ѩþŽʿѾٻۣս󣬶ʱͿһǧɾ޴ѩóսϡѩſǰһ
أ
籩ѩʱʹӿкХΪ챩ѩ֮Ȼܿħͱ˺ƬѪⶼһ顣
籩еıѩѩħѩħѩз籩Բʮȫڣ֪ħڷ籩˺Ƭ
սţս󣬻Х£
Ҳ˲䷢Ϻȡ
սŸŻۣսһͬߴǧɵսսϣϵϢɨķɢŭϡ
𣡣
սſڼ䣬һХѾϯɫĻХ糱ˮ˷ϯȥȫ۶ܿĵġħУ飬߿ѪħҪŭԹϧ޷ѻХ壬ױѹȥĸҡ
ФҲͬʱȺս󣬻ΪһֲФսꡣ
ħԳɨķں绽ꡣ󶶶ëΪâķ֣˲սޱѪˡ
ô
Щս÷
ףһɱǡ
ħսһƬңǰħʵ̫ˣľʹ䣬ֶη׷ʩչһս󡣿ֲɾ˵ƻֻҪƻսȴ˵㣬ѹС
սС
ǲ顣
ЩӺг֣˳ųǽϵĹѪ磬ڳǽϯĸֹըȫ⣬Ѿǲ飬ƺȫûо¿־ĸ޾ǰ̣ǰ䣬Ѿϯ
ǽѾ᧿Σʱᱻơ
ۣ
ʱдһ̶ѻȻܿһ貵߲ʺ⻮Ƴա˲Ϣ䣬ͳսϿաѻŽʿѻΪߣȻ¹Ӣ
¹ӢվһֻѻϣһĨ⡣һ̣ͨĹѾ޷Щ麣вΨгвС
ɱ
ѻ󣡣
¹Ӣϵſ³һ
¼䣬һɫͼշ𡣳ѻϿգͼУȻԿһĴֻܿԵʮðʱ
ѻͼ󣬶ʱ˷ܵѻţ׷׳ͼ˽ȥ
ŻѻԴԴϵ¡
õͼۿɼٶȿʼۡ
õǲϵ黯ʵԽԽ
ɢĻԽԽңһֻֻѻϣͬʱУһɹ̫֮ԴԴϵĴдݶ뵽УӵĳңɢĻ治ϸǡ
̫øӳҡ
ѻǴ
˿̹ȻԵüΪ˷ܡ
ֻϣУվһֻֻɫĻѻЩѻڻϷڻ裬ԽԽǿ̫Ļۿɼٶȱǡ
䡣սܿľһյ
ҡȻܿһööҵĻ·ʯһ㣬׹ȥɢȵĽɫ档
¸¸£
ԡ£ֻо괫ܵʹࡣ׷׷Ĳҽ̫𣬱ĿǣżĿ
һ߾鱻ȼ
׹䣬£˲黯ΪҽֳµĻ𺣻档
սϣͬдѪħţħ٣սɱ¾սľơ
սսͬˣһ֧֧Ѹٽ١գۼ䣬ս췭ظı仯ڼձȺУɫŵĽ٣˲ͱҵĺսսһƬҡ
ҽϳ֡
ѪѾȾ˺
һ̱һӾͽĴսеоȫˡ
ôȺʿҪôȻҳǿսһô
ɱǡ
Ҳŭĳɫ۾ŷ𹥻ֻǣںУħɾˣϽƷһȥͿʼƻôֻϳĬ׹뺣С˺Ƭ
úҲһҡ
ԳɽƵĴֱӾ͸ʮʻһΡ
µǣ׵ľӷ·ûмһһ֧֧߲ʺ⣬սϡÿһ֧вʮս󣬾ǺĻ𹥻
Ľɱ¾
һǧ
ǧ򣡣
ǧ򣡣

еĲʺžûֹͣÿһ֧ŵĽ٣ս޴ѹңдͨս󣬻Ŵ֮·һ齸ʯ㣬ӲսϣͽĽңսûа취ֹЧĴģֻŴ׵ľԽԽ࣬һԽԽء
Ȼûлɱ׵ĽʿȴսУ޼¡˿޷ıսֵá
ƣƺı仯
ָı䣬ȫܶ˵Ԥ֮⡣
˵ӦԷΪŶԣֻҪأĴսкĴΧ£һʱ޷ƣҲҪ뵽һֹսǴƷɱ׽֮ڣ׻׵İȾơӴĴôѹƵס
ɴȴƣȻֱ뿪Ѫǣ𹥻˵սֳһһ㣬˭벻ġ
ˣӰЩ׾Ӹˡоûһô
쳷սܱס
ǲˡٴȥȫҪ
еսʿҲС


1870 ʲôʱ
ǰ䱾ܵеջҪӴ϶ˣøǿĳ̶ֳϣ׼Ǻ֣ܳû뵽һֱ֣ӾѡӲգͽƻڸûа취Эͨͨǰ¡սá
սʿħ˲䱻ơ
ܻţ˭Ըȥ
Ȼû˭Ҫġ
ӣ
ӵԶԶءﲻǵҫ֮أǾ֮ء
Ǻħûͳһָӣ˳սʱȻ񣬿һʱֿѹȫ޷ĸǿ⡣˵䲻ĻһȺƾ
ȻǵĿѹǣԴԴϱսһ֧֧ͬһشôϣԭȵ־ı䣬ֱħɱģǻۣӻ־ףǻһֱܡ
ǻẦ£־塣ܡ
ûˣһսѾʤˣʥͥ飬ûˡ
ңһս̶ʱڣֻѾҪ㡣սĿֲޡֻϧЩħֻƾûЧͳһָӣûнй໥ѵ޷ս޷õָӡʧܣעġ
ûһʼ͹Ѫǣսֲֵ⡣׵һȺں֮ġƿѪǣɲС鷳˵ЩáսѾת
ϷҲǰԵͷ
ڵľѾȻأ׾ܿûıʣǲܳģ׾ڣԲټ֣ȻкħѪɢڸ򣬲ڶԣҲ˴ţڿԿƵķΧ֮ڡĴսͬʱʼܣħѡӴܡɣѹյһݡ
򣬷׷׳̶ֲͬȵӡ
ֻҪӣȴҲҪʴ׵Ľʿͬͬ⡣
սϣץסһоҧšչҵɱ
ʹ߾ߣôס
ңĴսһʱױѹƵˣ˲䱩ӿֳһֲڴеĽ֮ʼɢȻľƣѾصõϿɡϿɴ׶ȹ˻Ľѣ׽ʥͥʥͥĸ
ֱ仯ȻС
ҲɸֳһĨЦݣ漴Ϳ·һϺȣʥͥ
һ˲£硣
ʥͥһ̣ĽˣûеĿܡ
ʥͥ磬һʥͥ
ȻĽˣٶȣ̫ˡǻ׷ϵĻᣬԲôרǰʥͥҪɲ֮ǰôɣǻ㹻ʱ׷ϡ
ʥͥǳҲﵽġ
Ŀ⿴ڵλãڲŲոտʼѣʤ˭ȷ£׷ϵʱ仹еǣʥ֮ͥͥҪѾǶʱܴﵽģҪ꣬ǧ꣬пĵ·ôʱ䣬ֻҪлᣬ׷ȥǳԽףǲܵ顣
׵ѣ׽ʥͥӴԺ󣬿ɳ֮Ϊʥ
˴Ǵ۽磬̾Ϊֹ˳νǿϲɺءӴԺ󣬴ʣңһʥ飬
ʥ֮ͥʥأһҹ棬Ҫ׶
Ҳһ̣׷׹е
УӶһݾأڴ׽ʥͥݵλ˲ͷı䣬ʥͥʥѷɫҪǿһʥλ֮ߣκδѷɫǿ۳ʥͥصĲ𡣿Խˣǲ뵽һΡ
ţлλ񣬵һʥббƣλѲҪ
ҲЦŻӦ
кþơ
̲סһЦ
ǰǲμӾۻᣬ׽ʥͥһҪ飬еһλ⣬ڴ֮С취ܷѹλ
ʱҪ鷳һС
ʥսԳתħ԰ˣҼѪǡսϣҴڲ׷ɱоڸʥϡ
ǰѯʵ
սϵΣ֣ʣѾƽ⣬ܱߵħսб˵Ҷǰı׽ʿסɱ⣬ħѾƴӴܣ±׷ϡѾʣҪ˶ãܳƽս֡
һΣսʲôʱʼ˵㡣ʲôʱ˵㡣
̧ۿķ·һۼ䣬ձȺħͳͳ۵ףһȻ˵ȥѪǣÿŰ棬սĴֱĴȫ뽮;֮У˳棬
Уһ˿ϣֹǲݸĵ־
ǣʥʥ
Ҳ۾һ漴ڴӦ
ȺҲɫһ䣬¶һĨϲɫ΢΢
ܺãȥս󷵻أմ󳯻ᣬ˷֮ơ
Ҳ׵ͷ漴
ǣʥ
ȺӦ
һ죬ʮʮߡ
׾ڣսڷţɳеħڲϽȻаҲֻħȣͽ˳֣ų֣д׾ڸеŵӷ׷ɽɳնɱħƣѾܵơ
Ҫ˶þͿԳ׸𣬵ȻЩҰеħѪޣȻǲڶʱġҲ˴ţȫԽԼȥ
Ŵʥͥʽȷаնɱħͬʱȼ̻һѤ̻ţȾ޾ϲܸܵŨŨԽ
ħ̫
ħ﷢ŭ
ħɱôȼ̻ǲҲ̫ħ̫ˡ
˿̣֮ϡ
ͻأĳˡ
ϧ׾Ȼ˷ˮӣûܱɳǣٳ֣³ƲǽɽͼҪҵ纣ҵҲ޷մȾ
֮УħնģѪҲˣһöӣȻôһΣ˵ãþԺûôõĻˡ
ɽӽ壬ƽٹǧ꣬ǲ׺ɣǷ졣
漴䲻ȻҲûټֵıҪ
֮ǰ֣ܳǽ˳ΪЩҲٳ֣Ѿ޼¡׽ʥͥѾ޿ɸġ
ڿ׾ڣȫܿһɳУڳɫĵˣԴԴϵĳջۣڡܱ߻ҰҲʼ


1871 طӡ
֪УɱֻмɵצȻѾﵽһǧɵĲΡһ㣬ʥͥﵽҪˣȫǳˮнֵһġʥͥǲϵҪﵽ۷壬צҪﵽĴС԰ġʥͥ£һɴСʥͥļޡ
ĳ̶ֳ϶ԣлԵʥͥ׶Σ޷ȫĻۡ
ɣҪǽɫˣ֪ѶȣһĴҲ˳ܹ׷ԭ֮һҲʵλﵽһε

ʮԪʮˡ
峿ն
׾ڣѾʼָѪ⻹ڽеĴս⣬ڣħﱻɱħѪޱϵҰ֮УݷʱڣȻѾԳ׻ָвҲ̫ķˡصˣ֮ԴԴϵĴ˷۶
еצȻɽȥܿצÿʱÿ̶ֻǣԣﵽĸ߶ȣķȣҲֻһףʮ׵̬ɫˣƷԶԶǰȻѡǧ̾գ£ֱܹӡ


һݹᴩء
ܿȺ׷̤ݣųȥУĳҲ˵佫һУгŽʿѾսȴûֹͣսڳǰģЩɸ󽫲ͳĳǿûձĴ㣬֮ǰŵ´ѪͿʼš
ǰһ
һţѪ˵ѹ֮ǰĴսУħ֣ǴĽʿѾ뵽֮У̺ĵ̣˲Ӵĳ塣
ͬʱ׽ɱΪѪҲɱˣһӴӰʮһɸߣɱ䵽ʮɸߡһȥ֮ÿһש˲ֹһ᲻ɴݵľʯ
ѪƽͬʱҲħͬʱо޴ѹȻû뵽׾Ȼڻǣոսʥ֮ͥʱͺѡšΪֻ޷ƴ׷ҲظԵڿֿԣѾΪһ
Ȼܹ׵ζŵʲô
ȻЩǺ󻰡
˿̣ܿʥɱ󣬱֮ǰȣʮٱֹ
󹬵֮Ĺ԰֣ǧ𵱳Բ԰֪ҪʤٱصĲ𡣾¸޷
ͬøΰƴ޾̧ۿһۣܸܵϢ
ȺС
ֱࡣ
̧ۿףһη֮ϡ
μʥʥʥ޽ɸ
μʥʥ޽ഺפ
УȺص
еȫʵʵģû˿١
ʥͥΪֹܶ೯еļ޷ƽһͬΰĸо
λƽ
׵ͷ˵
лʥ
Ⱥл
λ䣬Ҵ׽ʥͥλҴй֮н죬벻λĹͣûȺҵҵչǿ׳ˣҲ޷˿ɽʥͥǽʥͥ󣬵һγᣬʥͥλй˷ڱʥһطΪطӡֻҪɣͿ۳ӡι˷ȫӡ֮ڡ֮ɻգΪӰ졣ܶͻƿо档طΪҴУ⴫
п˵
˷ȻǲܱģȺйڴףӦΪĿ꣬ܳ档ңҲȺһλԵؼʱ̣ԽͻƣʮĻ۹ֻ̡ǣЩ˲Ҫҵķһ̫죬δһ¡˭Ӱ졣
ԴˣȻҲ뵽ˡ֮ǰͬѪıģȻȺ֮ڲؾҳһŷӡ£һŷӡ֮ȺԵĹӡΪģӡסӴ֮ȻֻҪҪܿӡˣ˲ƿͻƵļʡ
طǡطӡ
¼䣬һ˲ӡȺԺУͬඥһ㣬ӡУҪֱ׾٣ԹӡΪƾһطûйӡǸ޷ʩչġطǴеȺǵڴУ˷ڰֵĹԱȫܵ⴫С
еİأܹʩչ
˷ڿʼ
пȺѾϺûгɣһ䣬Ѿſһɹ˴˲뵽Ⱥڡ
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ȺĹӡѾڣ֮еģһ䣬ǹɺ嫰ΰʱ뵽ӡ֮У֮ӡסӡֻҪԸ⣬Լ״򿪡·һöϴ󲹵ʱյ֡
ȺûѡֱȫѡзӡĻѵãȫڽͻʱá
ǲõʱ̡
Ȼܵӡ̺İһ϶ܵ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ڴ׾ڣԱѡͻƵģѡӡġһۡ
ʥͥ˼ӳҲ˲䷢ı䡣
˳ٰ֮ʮ˱
{ʥ}һʮ
{}һʮ˱
һƷһʮıٶȡ
Ʒһٶʮ˱
Ʒһһʮ
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮı
Ʒʮ˱
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮ
Ʒ׵˲ϷһȺܸܵ˵ĳˢ֮ǰ̫̫ࡣһԴ׵ģӲɶҡ
˷֮£Ϊֹ鲳ձȺħĴ֮£ţڱУĴȻϮҴףܾԭΪΡֻ֪ҴױַҴߣԶ
г˵һΣʦĴͬʱףһʵȫݷϡ
˵սʼԼսʲôʱ˵㡣
ڱУĴ򹥷ҴףɣֻͬʱĴһǲЩ̫ǿչ¶âδزĴͬ飬ˣһҴף˵ĻѹС΢֮ѡһشһͼ

΢ΪͬʱδزɡĴ򣬼ձȺȻԺΪຣʵ򣬲һѣ˽бʡֻͨҪӪʩչݺֻ֮ѹˣơΪǡңУ½أԺʹҴһӣȻҡ
ڼЦǺǵ˵


1872 
ģκ壬ˣֻ֪ӣɱ¾ƻڼձȺУ½ϵ飬޲ǶԺʹֻ޲⡣ԭ򡣺ںߣȴûģȻЩڼڼıʿУֱǲǷıءȫɸӡ
ձȺ⣬׹ơҴ׽ʥͥԣһϵ壬ڵȻǴձȺ򺣵ԭûгͳһǿ˳νһɢɳգຣѣҴֻҪɳһͨݺ֮ʹߣͿһաֻҪռ½أȺٶ࣬ҲƣΪݡ
µȻһЦ
ձȺУֻ׾ܻơ
ʥ΢ԸǰձȺΪʥ˵ޣΪҴΪƿؼձȽ򣬾һëǰһ˵üһ˿ĻսݺʩչŻľ̨
ݺҳ粻֮֮࣬ǰǿһδο顣Ϊ¹͡񲿣ûȴѫĳġ
ܺãҴ׽ʥͥ¥ɣΪҴףһ򣬰¥ϣаһϯ£ų档
׵ͷ˵
ǣʥ
ëдϲ̲סһ漴˵ԸΪЧ˴γʹ΢ԲѧУѡݺҽܳѧӣһͬǰһȺѧӵɼӿ˵֮ٶȡΪףձȺ򡣡
һ򣬺εһˣδЩ̫ƵҪȡЧþͬʱУʱȡЧ
Ҫ֪ëڲѧУҲǹݺԺݡȻҲҪΪѧԺеѧıȡһЩûᣬȡǰ̡
׼
׵ͷʾӦ
ħ֮Ужħ۳ħʵвͬһ죬ͻɢڶħ򣬻ȡߣɽħʵٳϣͨԹͨصϣʩչпٳͨҪ죬ǿһ࣬ƬУ඼ԶħʵΪ׷֮һһֶص·Ϊ΢Ҳй˽⣬ж֮վ붷ƣעرƻھǱܣѷɫ֮ԣҲпȡ֮ħʵѾħܲɷ֡
ħʵúȴ˴һ־ǾǾºˮһˮͻʵʧȥ㡣һ㣬ȫЩùħʵ˼ɵ֡
ݵ飬ħУк뺣ΪʳǸ󺣵壬٣֮ǰҲԹʵ֮䣬ԹϣɱЩɱ¾΢һƣöħ򳹵ɱ֮У˫ʵҴʦȻһٶǬ
ڼٴЦ˵üдǿҵš
ֻҪҵ㣬ǾʹпΪ
뽲
Ȥѯʵ
Ψйߣʥ΢
ڼЦ˵漴Լı˵һ飬أôȺҲһƵƵͷȻʮֿУмĳɹʡ
УҲǰԵͷ
漴˵ܺã¾ĺıҪʲôȫȨ䡣ħĹͳĺϢ
ݼڼ˵ȷʵžĳɹԣǳɹռħѶȣȻ½Դ׵ĺô
ഫ̺飬κ飬򣬶ת飬Ļ꣬ڻʺͨ˾ס档֮ǲķʽǰնɱһ飬Ҫ˶ãɻٴεȫµ顣ɱ֮ն֮ңǴ򣬸򣬲ʺʳס̫ãӰδЩߣʳ֮ζ֮ϧ˵Ĵ򣬴Ⱥ˽⡣
˭֪ŵĻĴǱȻǰҪĿꡣ
ȻҲܲҪ
δɱΪҴ׿ɹͨͨЩ꣬绥еĿģվһɳǣδЩ㣬ܴ򣬽ȫԹŹطˮ֣һͨ򣬻Ϊ绥Уһ׵Ĺģ󣬸վ󡣡
Ϸ־ͻȻ˵
ڽһɳǣȷʵԵЩ̫С䣬Ҳлҵġûи绥зչ죬Ӱ൱޴һŸгʣ棬ǺһӴ󡣲Ҫ˵ڣǽͥһΪĻҲȫ㹻ġ
һελҲһݡ
ȷʵУ֧ŽŹطˮЩȡĸĵرҪͨ׾١ֻǣҪ뿪򣬻Ҫ½ƣ򡣡ǰһ˵Ҳʾͬ
绥ͨĺôʵ̫ˡ׵ķһ㣬ŲСĹ
Ϊ֮ͨأֻǣƽλ䣬Ƿߡ
׵ͷѯʵ
΢һ򣬲·ˮתִ̺֮аҪΪ绥֮ͨأֻʺ棬ͬҲҪʺ棬תִ󣬿תΪƽ֮ƣڴ֮ʱļ˲תΪǹ֮Ȼֻڶ̶̼䣬ͻָƽ⣬ǴڵĶʱ䣬ȴԶԴвɱ飬ȥųɡʣಿ֣ҲΪǣɶǬ
΢˵һҲڽʿ޷뿪Χڡνһٶá
Ҫʲôֱ򻧲ȥ嵥ûУ򱦵򱦵ûУֱȥժ¥΢󣬱ʾͬԷˮһٶǬȻٺòԽʡ´ֶΪ
ձȺ򣬶ħѾжӦ֮ߡֻʣ²
֮ĴѪʱֹͣţȫ򣬹֮£ɿ𣬿ȫȨ׸ţͬʱʱţͻߣ
ٴ˵
һ£ȷ׵ĸж
һԼ䣬ѾĴˡ
ʥӢ
ȺӦ͵
ü䣬˷ܡ
ȻҪţҴ׵˲ŴΡǷ㹻ӦԴ˴šǲǷѯʵ


1873 
ţһ仰顣˲ŴԴ˿ڣһϣŲǺ¡ֻɳǣȴû㹻˿ڣûгĹ˲ţԱ޷λʩתЧʵ¡֮ǰѾйһοƾ٣ѡγĳ֮Ųմ׸ոնµ֮ƣЩſҪֲȱڣǾԲܡʵ̫ˡ
ԥ˵
ȷʵѡһĳ֮ţֻǣһΣĴ򣬺εЩ򣬱ڵ嫺Ҫ󣬽֮ĴСҲǲͬġһҪɳѹӲҪ˵ĴҪɳ٣ҲҪڵı
˲ȱڣ̫ˡ
ʵǣս̫ͻȻô״Щ̫鲻㡣ڼƻУȽʥͥٳһʱ䣬˲ŴȻٶⷢ𹥷ʽʼšֻǣƻԶϲϱ仯鷢̫죬һмƻû塣
ţȱڲ£һδûᣬȹٶ֡˲Ŵ⣬ʱϧȻ֪еѶȡҲܲ
ѧϵѧãѧԺѧܽѧԺߣܲֻҪһȫӦĲܣ΢֮ѧԺһ֮е磬ڶѧͶУԼһ֮ĳɳ̣ӦĲܡֻҪбͻߣѡ
Ƴ忪˵
ɣһֲķרŽ£һ֮š
΢ΪҪѧӣֱӽ쿪һרϷͬ߶սһ㣬ԽϷֱӽװգȫ۲췶ΧڣϷ̶ʵԴ׷Χɸѡ˲ţЩҪϡ
ͫ|С۾һգ漴͹ϵ
ΧֱӴѧԺ󵽴аաȻΧԽܵ˲żʣҲ᲻ӣǶһǶջ
ǲһ˲š
вţӱ
ڴУϷʲôİ顣ִܶİգڲ󣬺ܶ඼ҪȥϷϴֻǣпûʲôԳֻҪ˭ûа취ŪʲôϷ
ȻǻΪԴԸֻҪԸ⣬ݱκһϷ磬¡
ȫ룬ѡ˲š
˾ٴƣԻ˿ɱ׺顣
΢飬˷
ȺҲһо˷ȷʵп֮ȫԽгԡ
ȻˣǾ˷£Ȼ֪ͨǺйרŵϷѡγ֮š׵ͷ
Ϸ飬ȻİĳЩ̶ϣѡ˲ŵ飬Ϊ
ɳΣڴж١
ٴѯҪһ⡣
ʥģ¯ڷͶӰٶȴңҴ׾ڣҪʣĵرѷɳ֮£һֱûֹͣΪֹɳѾﵽʮȫ£һһɳǡҪʱܸࡣɳһ飬ԲΪŵ
ضȻشдǿҵš
ͬ칤һȫôǿ
ܺá
ĵͷǰɳ⣬Ѿ׽ȷʵֵøˣ漴壬ѯʵְ䣬˿ڼΡ
ʥ˿ǼڲģѾﵽʮסʮѾָտɴÿ춼Դ׾Ͷİռ롣ÿ춼˳ˡٴŵĻڸɳУԽзԭȵĽеӦÿһ󣬵ǼţҪ˿ڣѹӦҪʱ䡣
˿ģڹ޷һĴ̫ˡ
ǵõĴе˿ڣҲԽֲ
ţ˿赣ģһĿﵽʮνףʱ켮ýգ¼˿֮ǰһֳʶڱȽϿհ׵״̬ҪϸЩ£Ҫ׼
΢ٴ˵
˿ڣȻԻħѪ
ֻҲһˡ
ħز޶ȵǻеľѪѪ̺һľȻħҲ޿ΪҹսӶĻħУ׻ѪĻħ࣬Щ½½ѾĵĲˡһľһ
ңУ޳ΪͨĲͨգϣܵӰ죬ȫֻܻʮ꣬ȻΪʿԪģӵԪҲʿ࣬Ǳࡣ
Ǳȡ򣬻Ĳʮ׵˿ڡ
һгɳĻᣬֻҪ̤е·ܹǿߵһҲ˵ǱĸĿģǷܺǵĺǲܵӰġȫ壬ʣܵӰ졣
ȻôЩ̣ȴֽҪȥģõѡû֮һ
ǣʥ
аһݣӴ˿Укܶ⣬֪ģЩ˿ڵҲûǣҲûио̡
ǴǶ͡
ܳΪ񣬾ؼõĶ͡ΡӵΪ֮Ľ֪˻Ըһȡͬ
УȺҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
⣬˿ҲԽ˵õ
õʮ˿ڣѾ޶ȵάסÿɳǵ˿ϸбеŵѾϴɡ
ٶԴ׽ʥͥĸ˽һ򵥵ֺ֮ɢȥ

˿̣ѪͻȻͬʱĴϰֺ˲䣬Ĵױ𶯡һķΧؼ䡣
ˣ׿ʼˡ
һʥͥŽҪֱĴ𹥷ҪʼռĴôֻһ˲䣬εĿ־壬֮С
ʱܸ߲㣬׷׿ʼ̸
»ʳС
ҹħѾõѶϢֱټʳȺҹС
ҹϣڣܿһħǿ߻ۡ
ü䣬¶һ˿֮̿ɫ
ڵеģǶħȫΣ죬ûʲô覴á
ɽնȴȺѣǧϵȵȣȻСȻڴУܸܵһȻĸоˣԱеʴֱȥ


1874 ֲ
ħʱ£ħ׷ҹħʿڰݼ
Ҳһ˿ηħģȻǿеǿߣǲͳħӵĵλҹħʵʵȻӹɵġУû˭ơ
ţλݿɿϢ׵ѪǣѾҲƽһȻƬ򣬴󲿷Ǻ򣬿ǽ벳Χ֮ڣټλǰҪһ£׵ͼΡǷҪҲ֣кΰ취Ӧԡ
ҹħʻӴУѯʵ
֮ģ˾֪
ɽЦ˵ĴŴ׽ʥ֮ͥʱΧҪжˣ˵Ѿкܶħ֣ڴսжȡˣһΪʵֻǣԵûηսǿǿֻҪַ׵һûеõ³ĴͬʱΧףȻѾŭ˴¡Яŭ²ô򵥷ŹҪĴ㡣
ڴףﵽһΣ˭Ǽɵ֡
ײǣȻ»ʳûв빥׵ľٶɴǲģѾʼţȫƿأֻ´׵Ĳǲֹͣġңʥʩչԣ´׾ڣ׼ľóɾһ֣Ч׶ħһѹƣεȰԵԲ׷Ź»ʳǧҡҡͷ˵
ϣڽҡڸǣʺѡӦԴ׵ķâ
ǾԲĴң֮ģ˾֪ʥͥǲŹŵĻġһУӲܷ»ʳĴڡı죬ĹŻ
ѳ˵
˵жڴкҲп־壬ԹУһΡǲľɾȻȻȴ²кڵ£Ȼľ괺ҸȼΪΪһħǿߡ»ʳҲǵλߡ
ɶеη壬ʼնӡС
СٻǴеʥһ֪Լţ֪ᷢʲô飬Ҫ׵ע⣬Բʲô¡ӣʲôط뿪׵ķΧ֮ò
տأǲУ½ص죬վ׶ɷ졣ɽˮܶطǴܹƵġЩյأδزס׵ŲҪģѪǵţƴ˳ǣлֵϮѪһ֣սͻᱻָȴڲ֮ء
ǧ۾һת漴˵
ѪǴ׵Ҫ뿹⣬ȴûа취ͬĶ赲⣬磬»ʳĶ籦ħ֡½磬ػʳħֵȻ޷ѪǣҲֹšһһʳԽշħǿߣʵ
˵һ㣬Ⱥħ۾һ
ǿʵ飬Ȼò
ţɽҲҪˡʵıǼɣֻҪһɹ»ʳʱֻҪվĻᡣ
ҹħʻӴ󣬿˵һ䡣
һ仰ҲôȺħһ󼤶ѹȻɢȥ롣
ãɹ˿أ»ʳ͸ʥͥһʳ˵㣬ҾãӦÿԽ۳Ŷԡɽ˵䣬촽
δսħ֪ж٣֪׿ʼźһȻֲֻ̿Ҫ»ʳͷųԸӻԸ˲ͻдħͶЯһʳʵ۳ߡ˵ȻԵɴ
նɴȺҲͷʾͬ
ܺãȻˣ»ʳͺú׶һǲУҲҪô֪»ʳͬǺǵġǴףҲ޵еġҪƴ֮£Դҧһȥʳڣѡǿ񣬼նţһΣŵ
ҹħҲûгɣϵ´
նţ»ʳǿĵ֮һҲֱڻĸҪѡǱȻǧѡܽ룬һޱȿµĹһԻأײ

Уɲֻ»ʳж磬Ѫһ壬ܿһ޴ޱȵɽУһƬ谵·һƿٷɹдĽϸȥƣһž޴ȺЩ۾ȫѪɫѪĹâ
һۿȥܸܵĺ⡣
Ⱥۣͬʱһ˹ȥһ޴ɽ֮ͻȻ䣬ȺѾƾʧϸۿĻͻ֣ᷢɽһص򣬺Ȼһ޴ĶѨⶴѨʮɽȥʧ˳ŶѨܿѨֱӳŵصȥġ
漴ڵ£Ȼʡ
һƬ޴Ŀռ䣬˵һ硣
谵ĹУܿͬӵһΪ̬
ƬУȻܿһ޴ޱȵĳǳء
ǳ룬һ޴Ĺܹ죬ͨѪ⣬ͨͬһ㣬ÿһ֦ÿһƬҶճһѪ⣬£룬Щ룬ڵصףȴУһУ׳ĸ޴ڣϸСĸ룬һ߾У壬壬Щ룬ԴԴϵĴмȡѪҺ
ڹϣ֦ܿϣһڿڹײġǵģЩȻϳĹײġиһɹѪҺעУУ·֡
һڿڣ飬塣
̫ˡ
һ꣬ʮصıСѪֱʮֹ죬ԼȡѪΪϣȻֻҪгѪ˾ĵزϣԳһڿףУܹõ͵ѪҺ֮ںܶ˵ֻǼߣɶһ壬ȴ
ǾѪ壬ҲѪһ塣
ЩףѪ˵Ǿؼõľס֮棬ԼȡѪ֮ãָоȻ޿ġ
Ѫ࣬Խ棬ȻԽϡ٣ֳ̬
˿̣ˣȻԿֻһѪš
꣡
һУȻܿѾ򿪡
򿪵ͬʱһӰ̤ϸȥɫ԰ףȴԵӢü䣬˿˿Į顣ҪǳڴУ˵ᱻϳݡ
ǱˣǷĳ̡
û͸ѪΪһ겻ûڲУӲٳһȺ䡣Ϊһ֧Ѫʼ档ǵõѪױ


1875 
ĳ̲Ǹ򵥵ˣƷвѣȻӹɵģܣҲеģһ·ֱӵڲУٴοʼı뷢չǴӸؽһգʲôɫʲô֣һУҲɱֱԼѪ츳Щ˳ӵתѪΣû̫ǱڰУﲻתѪ壬ͬʱҵѪӲڵŪһأЩ귢չӲѪչʮڡ
ǰ³УȻܿŴգЩȺУʲôɫСֻǣһܿɫǲ԰ףпϣ
·Ѿûδ
Ǵڵ壬øãΪ˷ܺΪ˳ΪѪѪūѪʳֻһȺūһȺṩѪѪūλ֮ͼ֪
һ³ǣͽѪǣѪİվһū
μʼ档
УѪױ£âһ䣬׷׻ΪһѪɫ԰ףеӢŮƯж¶һѪеľηŷĳ̹ݼ
ţոѾõȷϢ׵ѪţĴ򣬶乥Χ֮ڣڲȻ׵壬ԱãһΣòսԳˣһΣһҪô׸ʹĴۡȴ׹٣ǲҪףֵ׵ľӣֻҪȴѪǽ򸲸ǣʱȻҲܽ׾ڡ
ڵϣڵ£ֻҪСĽ׸ͱ뷢ǵټʱ򣬻ɳǣ׾٣ԶԴɸƻֿȣڲǴ׵ߡ
ĳ̵Ҳ壬йûйľԣıȵȣԣȻף濹ױĻǾ죬ޱȣ׵ĸţʵ֮ǿǾһδսļ飬ѪĹ֣ûѪѵĴȻ֮⡣
ҪģԵУѡڲƻĻײɹžиӾ˵ЧֻҪ֮ڣѪ֮Уǲ¶ֵĿҲ൱͵ģһڲܾ޴Σ
ǣʼ档
ѪҲһ󼤶Ǳ֮УǽȻǧţ壬һԾΪǿ֮С
ôȫһ
ڴ׵ŭһ¡
֮УȻǶϾɱҲֻûжй̫ɱ¾塣Щ巸¹۶е壬Ǻ飬ն𣬾Բ
Ѫһ壬ҲԹҪ֮һ
ؼǣѪʮʺѪθڣתΪѪ壬ֱ޷ֵջ
һ㣬ζܲġ
Ѫ󣬷׷׻Ϊշ𣬷ѪױһڿУ˯ѪУǳ˯ͬҲңϢɽȥһ˿ѪϢй¶ȥʮ졣
Ϣ䣬ӴѪȺѾ䲻
ʥ֮սҪʼˣֹŵĴƣƱػᱻõУֻԵȥҲҪֶӣҷĳ̣㡣
䣬ȴɳһֻ𣬿ٵ˳ŶѨ˳ȥûԥתŲ֮ȥ
Ƿɳȥ̬˵һǰ
·ûʲô
ͷͦأҪɵĸԶ

˵֮£ѾĴ򣬷֮ǰΧʱķȫתеĻ֣̿׵ǿ󣬶ģĴͬʱΧ޷ɱ׾ڣʵ̫£ҪǷͷ·һɽֱѹͷؿڳƵ·ޱѡ
ȻЩǺ󻰡
ڴ֮С
ƳѾٴա
ɱɳǣѾĻ巶Χ̺ܸͬ
ʥУ˿̣ȴŹϣһ𡣲ʳ⿳ĶʳǷںгǧĶſ
㣬ڻ԰Ʈ
ƹѲЦſǰλɣ˵λѣҹӦòֻΪ˺Ⱦɣʲôֱ˵ɡ
׵ѣιȷʵԵЩͻһ飬漰ѹеʥ
΢󣬿˵
УԵЩɣϾ漰һʥڴУԿ˵ǵλ󣬳⣬û˭ܹ׿
Ŷ˭
ƽʵ
Ӧʥе
Źϻش
˵ǲ㡣
΢˵
һѡӱһŮԸ󷽣ӺһֽŮӵ֮ԸòǾ޺ҲǶϲͷΪΪһ㣬ȻǴƽʱҲޡ

Ц˵һܵܣв٫ҲҵĲܹת֮
٫Թİ֮һܹڷʱݡڣȻûоѡ
ԭû뵽תҴ֮еľȻǲ٫ݱ֪䲢ûеܵܣ򣬲٫飬֪ܲ
ҡҡͷ˵
Ҫ빬ȻҪףң׾죬ǶҪǼڲġ˭ܱܹʱҲۿڲϣûһܵܽв٫ڼУֻһĸסЩ飬Ǽ¼д
׵ѣΪˣҪһܹи㡣
Ц˵
΢΢üһ˵ȥ
ǣʥ
治֪ʲôʱһԣӦתʧ
ʥУǲԻ̶ѨҲˡζЦڽʥǿɾ͸о⹬Уֱɲ⡣һ̣һΪٶĽףոյĿ棬âڱ
һЩ˶ѣϱ̫࣬תˣֻлһлתΪˡ⹬Уһҡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
ʱֻһ̹װӰ˹ɢһ֪ʣ˷·ŵ֮һۣĸоòȻǲ˵ıҲǰȺ
ͺһ
ʥҳ¡
㿴УЦѯʵ
͸˵⹬УҷͿԣҪ̫ǣ빬УһˡЦǣһ£˵βΪ㣬⼸λҪ㡣
ʥ񡣡
˿ҲЦ˵ǰȷʵҪʥ̡
ϵɻҲûгɣٽʼĩ˵һ顣


1876 ̫걦
ʼĩҲһ˿˿Źָ֮ɫȻҲû뵽Լǹ֮һܹ˵Ľ㣬ǣûһв٫ĵܵܣǣҲֻԼһŮܸܵ޴˵𡣡λѣȻҲҪһλתİܣǣҼֻһŮĸ׵δףΪ񣬱ĥѣܷ纮Ϯ£ڳΪ󣬻ȡᣬֻնȥӴԺ޷ģֻһŮҿԺܿ϶
ҡҡͷ˵
Щ飬ǣǣǾǲǡ
ʾܹӦڴ֮Уһ㣬ǲģ֮䣬໥ӦǣȻΪ׹ˡոտʥ࣬Ȼǹ󲻿ԡңȷʵ
Ц˵
Ҫ˵˵ĻӦֻһ֮ܣ֮ܳΪˡп˵
ˣ˭еƣˣŴУ󹬼ǧǵǹˣǾͲͳҳ١
ȷʵ֮Уֻһʺʸ֮Ϊˣײͬ˳ңǽΪʥͥ²ʥ֮ʥλ߳׻ʺ֪ٱʥܣ֮ΪˣҲΪ٣λϣѷɫȻҲҵǰ׵ѵԭ򡣡
Ҳ˵
ϾݿɶԵȣԶԶǣûеʣڴ׾ڣʥܣǸԳƹˣĴҡġ
Ҫλѵ棬ʵǣмҹ棬й˲˭ԸģǷſӣͻһȺ׹ǰ󣬵ʱҵǸǲ
г󻺻˵
кǰΪ˵Ҫһ׻ʳĵͬͷҪõϿɣõ׿뷷ϿɵĹˣֻ£ֻòܹĻָ飬ӶλΪ֮һ
ֿԣʮִпܾؼһ㡣
ȻҪæֻһ仰飬Ǿ仰زơ
ˣǾͻһĺ
˳֮¹أǾҪعءΪ˳֮Ҫ˷ˣԵ·ˡ
ʥոϢĵĸѾȷϣУѾﵽ¡
ʱͻȻ˹С˵
ʲôĸˣôܡѾն˳ٻвŶԡ
оϲҲоȺɻ
ȻȫԤ֮⡣
Ϣĸ׷һָ̫ܻǣҲǴﵽΪ״̬лỳС
˵
Ȼ֮ǰѾ˽ѶϢЩ飬ʲôܡɾͿҵõ£Ȼǵˮ©еȫ󣬷ŸϹ
̫ԭˣĸǺûԵ۾һ̾˵ഫ̫ǧɳֻ֥ҪƬҲԪٴγ̫⣬ͬеҲͬ׹ǣˡЩ˵õٳͨ˵̫꣬󣬵õԵɱ䣬֥һ̫걦֦ҶܿͨͬŵѪһ㣬̫зԪȥԻָԼҪص״̬á
̫걦죬κѷɫ˵һ
ôǵô̫֮걦
дһ˿ѯʵ
ʲô˵ȫ֪ٴ󲿷۾ο̫걦Ӳ֪ܲ
ʥϢǴлȡı˵ʿ磬̫걦Ȼƴժȡ˼ö̫Ȼػ޻ɱȴö̫գһҹһöǱļ幺򵽣Ҹĸ׷ãָŻСȷʵĵ׵á
ش
ǲܹҪˡģ϶ǲܹӦ֮
໥һۣпһϲɫ
֮ǰڴҹȴʼûҵκκۼڿΪûгԵʣ񣬲粻ոպʡ
Ѿоɵڴ֮УȻǲܹɡҪòܹ˹λҪ׵и㡣Ȼ֪ЩΪѣʲôѾܿڣֻҪܹģȻѡ
һУϵ˵
£˵Ѳѣ˵ҲסţֻҪ㹻ĳ⣬δزܴеġ
΢һ󣬻˵Ȼѽ£鲢ǲɽֻǣȷʵ״򿪣Ϊ´󹦣ѫʱ򣬾Ǹ֮׾ڣ仹ǳ֮ϣ̫顣ͲˣܹҪٴιλҲδһο顣λѣΡ
䣬Ҳһ취
̫ˣԡ֮Ͳһ˳Ҫп飬ȻӦ֮Ҫ֮ȻҪǷĥ¡£ڽδһ˿ڵļѻ
Źϲͬ
ɣŮٸƶ񡣲ܹˣǴеĹ󡣹֮λȻޱȣӲҪ˵ڴʥͥеĹˣǾǹϼӹ
ܹ˻ûгҪ꣬Ҳһ죬֪λǷȤڴжͣһʱ䡣еȻһЦ
ɴĿһĶ
ڴף´Уɣһ¡
ֺһҲͬʱǡõŵε⣬Ȼ˺õĽڸȲҪȥûгĲܹˡ
ε飬Ϊˡ
㿴Уһ˿Ǹ˵
룬ǰ֮һ֮ҲδɡȻܲܵõҲҪԼҪʱ仹ʱ˵һμѻЦ˵ߣɫ磬һȥЪҲһӡ
£Ų֣Цĵ˽ȥ
ҹĴɫ԰زס

֮⣬ܱ߽ķΧʼճֳһѹɱաЩԴס
ֻǣȴʼûгֻ֣в򣬴׵ѪǣڲƽȻڸǵĴ󲿷ֶǺ򣬿ÿŰٶȣҪ˶ãͻ῿½أֵ졣ѹ
ЩҲ˵ȴ˵ڼձȺǰѪУɫеɫźȻ֣һɫۿںϴ󣬶ңȻ٣׼䣬̽ټ
ϣɫŵĽʿһۣϴһţڴˡǱģëݺѧӡ


1877 ֣
ΣͬӣԶͥԪ죬ƾݣɣǾŸһѡγĽܳӣݺѧԺУǼҲǳͣһָһγʹձȺǵĿģ֮ǰѾȷ˵죬½ϵӳǸԵĲܡܷӱͷأǾͿë쿴ǰľݺѧԺλжĲſҲǳڴͬҲҪ˼顣
ݺУҪľǵʶڲţĿģҪöԷͬԼԼǴĿġҪġ
˵ԷɵĳɹɷΪӣĮͨѺãΣ˳
һ㣬ǾͿԵĲѧΣ粻ܷ֮ܲӵ£ӦеãҪġ
ԺģǶѾ׼ˡһΣһҪһĴ
һŵ˵
ձȺ֮ǰǾѾй˽⣬ԺҲԷƬΪⱵԭ򣬸½صϵ壬޲ʹ֣ңзչᱻϮӶᣬûаƽȵĻ޷˳չ׳ԣʵϣҲǿ̫ߵĲΡ
ͬ˵
ຣѣʵβߣֻߣҲֻΣ󲿷ֶֻԳǳأԲΪΧһɢɳĻԶӣʱɼҴڵֻҪ˵⣬ô󲿷漴ġ˵Ѷȣ󽵵͡£ǻܴĿģЩݺҲǰѧˡ
Ц˵
ü䣬ܿÿһ˶֮ɫ
׽ʥͥǾ˫յǶǳǿûж˿Կܵˡݺ˵ĵҪģѾڵƣܵķӳ޶ȵ죬ڿԴﵽԼĿġ
ݺҲжصͨ
ɣͬ顣ʤǿġ
ЩݺĶͨЩͨκγϣ࣬粻֮࣬Եֵǧܹߣǿߣܹ˶ǵһΣһֿɿĸоԵ˿Ŀ⡣Ϣ䣬Ѿ˵
ܺãѾƣȡóɹЩ̫꣬ʧˡë׵ͷ漴˵˷ֱжҲǷֿĻһԸӿ٣ҲܼӴЧʣУߵ֮ͣ󣬻ݺѧԺѧӳɽձȺ򣬾ʩչŻ̨ڴǸԵı֡
˵ëѾһۣһ˶ȥ
һݺҶ
ͬ˿ж¶ġ

ҪݺڼձƬУ£չ¶ݺ˷ơë쿴һۿʼɢܵľѧӣݺҵ𣬾ʹǿʼУн࣬ټϵѧ˵չ¶Ż̨ΨһҪģܷܲӳ
ڣĿ꣬Ҭ֣ҡ
Ҭ
ҬڣɫѾҹлǱȽ֣ڳиܿһִĺˮ棬пյģ棬һֻֻˮĸڲζĹâۣʮܹͣΧ򣬳׵óбø࣬ˮĸɫͬĹâҲͬóԵʮλá
˾̾
ڣҲ൱ɭϣܿʿѲӣǽϣҲдսʿأһ֪ǼѪľ
ڣС
˿̺ȻܿУ֣֥֣ɹһΧһЩ֣ˣ֣֥ЩҲĹȢ檵ģɲʣµҲ٣֣ɹΨһһԱ߻вˣֱ֣ʣ֣ɵ£֣塣һ䲻С֣ҵĴӣں̣ӵ飬Ҳ١
˵֣֥Щӻǲǲܹܲ߰ģ֡ҪȻҲ޷άҬϵݻҵ
ݿɿϢֻҪˣĻֻĴ׵壬Ҳ꣬¹֣ҵδʲô뷨Գԡ
֣֥ǰλӣҲһء
δ׵ľٶӰ죬̫ˣ֣м䣬ʵѶϾ֣Ҳ񣬱Ǻڰ׽ӣǺҲǺԴףǳǵֿжûףҪǳ׻ζԴ֣ңһ㣬ʵѰ
һǰСϡ
һʿһݰݵ֣֥С
ˡ
֣֥Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ漴ӹһ϶ʱһ󾪱䣬ʹվ˵룬󿪳ţɹȥſӭӣԲ˿ĵ
ȥ׼ϯصʳƣȫóҪд͡
֣֥ԥķԸȥ
ʱһ󼦷ɹ׶֣ɹѾǰǰӭӡ
ף͵˭Ȼֵøӡ
֣ʺѯʵ
͡
֣֥һ˵
ʲô
֣ʵҲһ𣬸оһ˿šʱˣȻǰɽˮġ
УûʱͿһӰڳС
֣֥Ǽ˵൱ḻˣڴ˿̣ɴӶԷϸоһεѹݣУһΪʵ
߲Ǳˣë졣
֣֪֣Ҽͷ
ë쿴֣֥ϲ¶ɫֱӿڷһϺȵУ·̺ĳεֱߵڳ˵࣬඼̲סҪȻֹͣҪϢĸо
ë˻ν
֣֥Ҳ¶һ˿أʵ
Ҵ̽ѾʼձȺ򣬸ݷ紫֣ƺźݡ
֮ǰձȺ򺣵ͬʱҴѪǷϮʥѾŭ׿ڷ֮һкͳͳɱ⡣׾ڣԲκκ
ëһһ˵
ë֣ҿɲǺȺ׵ĺûκι֣ҵĴӣֻںд̶ѣν֮£ȫУ޻̸֮ëǧ򲻿š
֣֥иһ򺣵һ𹥻ѪǵĻ棬ҲԶԶĹۿĿù򺣵ˣûйƳǽɱ׾ڣʥ֮ͥ䣬ͽܶӣֻ棬ÿնҹн侪ѡµģ֣Һݱ׸֪ȥɵĻ֣ңֵ̼ͻḲ


1878 ˳ ѫ
ҪǴʵǿвȻǲֵһᣬȫеȥԿܣٵĴףȴʥͥеʵһҪƽҬ֣ңǾһ仰顣֣ҰŲСʵҲתơëе塣ܵĸоһ
֣ǺĴţڼձȺУͲʲôܡȻ֣ҴûгϹ˽µСϢǴķзڣ֣ûӳѱ߲ݵϰߣноҲƫԶҲ֣ҿҬվȽŸԭ֮һ
ëĻǾ͸Ӳҳϡ
Ȼ࣬Ҫϸţ֣ܹҬǣӳаգ˾٣Կĳʵ֮ġȷʵĿáҴףԿݵ̬ԴԸҴ׵ʮź񡣡
ë챾ϣͻȻ¶һĨ΢ЦҲ͡·һӴϺصһ㡣ʱҲΧķΧһӱ÷
ë룬ʱ䣬Ǳ߳Ա̸ҬȻʲôĵ죬ɵϻһЩζȡŲëʧ
֣֥ҲһЦ
ëУѾܹܵײҪ֣֣ҪȻֻëһ˳֣ŵģǾͱȻһ֧ľˡ
ߵ죬֣֥Ǵ֮ˣҪȻҲڡ
ëûԥ˽ȥ
֮ǰǿӲǲ˶ѡҲǻ֣ߣǿӲַ͡ݺУǳõֶΣңʩչǰᣬǽںдΪܡ
ʥͥ൱µġ
С
Ѿ׼áŵĳʦˮ׼ȻΪʹõʳҲ˴Σʮֵ
óģȻҬõĹд
ëӣƷ˼ȣҲǰԵͷʳȷʵеԵʣ£ʳʮֵԣЧԭҲ˱ܶʳֻǣиϲѣʳƷ׳൱ˮ׼
ڶˡ
ҬӼȷʵǿζأҬзѵõζʥ֪϶Ʒë̾˵
ҬҬз;޴ʥµĿڣȻҬҡ֣֥Ҳ۾һϲʳ飬ܱ߽Уʲôܡ˾֪
ԼϵҬзյëĿ϶ȻǺ¡ܵõеͣǾһ졣
֣δкο
ë߳Ա߿ѯʵ
ձȺֻܱڵ½֮ϣң½أи壬ޣħ֣֣ңҲֻҬռһϯ֮ضѡδҪһǵĸ̡ңڣǣҲ֮֡Ͳ֪ûĻᡣ֣֥йâһ漴˵
Ǻǣ֣̫ԷƱˡлΪ̣ãлǧšܵëЦ˵
ëʾ
֣֥һѯʵ
μձȺ˹׽ľٶʥմŭ֮Իûж֣ΪҪսڲһȵƿ֮УձȺҲ⡣кᱻ𣬶ƬҲΪ׽İգͬҲΪ񡣡
֣ڹռձȺĹУ¹͵Ļţʥһ֣һǫ̃
硭Уͳһ֧
硭Ϊɳ֮λƷͳһ
ëһ仰Ȼ¶֣֥ӶУȴͬһκ˲ϵϮָоУСʮָӡϱ任ھҲ
Ժһͷ
лס
ǾȻлΪһ֮ųڴ׵̨֮⡣
ǿԼУӵͳһ֧ŵĻᡣ
ǺεȴĻԵ
˷ڲϸ֡
ԼռҬӵһ֧뺣ʴӣңȫǲֵһᣬ˵ֻҪлᣬܹף롣֣ĵݻᱻ㣬ڼףûִ̫ǣżڴڵõëı֤˲ͼޱȵȳ
ë
֣֥йâһͻȻ˵֣ҿΪ˵ϵ֪ܻʲôĺô
Ȼвֻһɳ֮һ֧ŵľųλáҪڼ׺󣬻øĹעĺô
ë֣֥һۣԵǣҲǰԵͷڼձȺݺ˶ۣȻѰҰĲСЩڴ˵˴ţֻܵҪвܣ͸ʩչ̨ܵ
֮УƶȣУѫϵǴҪϵ׹ԱҪȾҪȻ۵ĹѫֻҪѫﵽһ׼ɽʥԿڣǽҲҪڽ㹦ѫҪĹѫǴѫֱĨ
ѫԽժ¥ȡժȡĻᣬԽؾ󣬶һ伮Ⱥ飬ٽλ񣬿Զһ챦þнʿѫֻԼתˡܽףֻܶһѫǿۻģܹ´ѫڴУȻԻҪĶ
ë컺˵
ڴвܡ
ѫڴ£Ųĥϵͨ¼ģЯϵ̫֮ۺֻ̫ۣ֮޴ڵۣ׼쵽һСϢУ¼¹ѫ¼Ա֤սϣսʿԡѪɱõѫᱻûԭ
УȻһ׼㹦ѫı׼
ѫ
֣ɹ۾һҲѯʵëǲǣǰ˵ͿԻȡĹѫҪ˵أǷҲйѫ
Уһ˿ڴ
ܸа㹻ĹѫʥᡣµҲҪõʲôĳͷһ㣬ֻܿξϡëζ˵
ֻһȺʮĶͽܽȻòܷϣ˲ţܹݺһƬܲǿȫӵġ
ë֣ԸףΪҬֻҪһ£ȫԸޣϵ壬ȫҪģȫǵƿ֮С
֣֥ϵĿΧ½ϵϵҲ꾡ĺͼ֣ҿǰ˵һͬסǲܾ
ܾʲôȫҪȥܹ֪


ڶʮһ 


1879 
ܺã֣Ƕڴ׵Ĺѫţû˻ԣȵʽʱйѫֱӻǵ£ëĳ֪ڳ֮ϣҪڽݳǣһ֮ΪƷΪƷͳһ֮أͳϽ֮ڵɳǣйϽ˵ȨҪǾͱҪ㹻Ĺѫܡ˵֣
ëƺ͸¶һϢ
Ҫ飬ʵֻСΧͣڳ֮ϡ
ϾڵĽԽԽӵеɳǣҲԽԽ࣬ÿҪ飬дڣ˴Ľ򣬻κһŴ־޴⣬ϢϵĲͨѶϢϵɼӰ졣ҲȷʵҪһһĹͳ
Ҳɳ֮ӵиռ䡣Ϊ׶ֱӵһ塣

֣֥֣ɹ۾ʱһ¶ΪĿ⡣ʲôλȨأһݵλڴУҲԲǵײ㡣
ʱһ¶ΪǿҵҰġ
һ㣬ëȻУֻҲһЦҰĲ£ݵǵҰģֻҪͿԣͿǲĵλ
֣лᡣ
ëԥĸϣȻҲֻϣܲǾͿԼûȨ˴ĳŵ
ҪĹѫ
ȻǱ
ڱ߳ԱߺУΧҲԽԽã֣ǿ⽻ãëҲҪ׽֣ϴ׵ս̸УһЦ𣬸ţëҲ͸¶֣ҪףҬǾͱҪܴ׵¸죬ͳһש죬ٹճӦķ󷨣ɳͬ
ȻҪģֻҪни죬ЩҪ֣֥Ǹоǣд׵ĽʦеִΪɸ죬ȵҪʱʱԸޡ׾ϵ֮ڡ
ûãëѡ뿪ˡ
εļҲ´˷֣⣬û֪ëݣҲû˭֪λ彻̸Ļʲô
ͬʱͬҲֱһУҵפأ׷չ粻֮࣬дεں棬ټܱޱȶӵĻϮвЩߣһ˵ԼףǿԱǵݵλԵεطڵ򣬼γλá
ڵĳ׵ĳǵλ࣬޷ġ
ȫ֮
ͬ⣬ȻҪͬ⡣
ףԳΪһ֮ǳ֮λʮһֻˣǿ˲ϸɿƾʮĳ֮λڴн㹻ǿĸԽ壬ܹȥ
ֻҪѪֻһѪ֧һԼף֮УܵӣܻȡͬȨءֻҪЩΪʲôסȻԸ⡣
壬ҲܼôֻҪԣΪʲôԸ⡣
ͬ˵˵ֱ񣬸ͱŪʹ಻ոɵĽ裬һ̾ͻᱻݻ٣־һΣʮΰٴεĳ֣޲Ƕڰȵִš
ȷĹߣֻҪѪǽ۷֧Ǿ޽֧ͷ֧ȵȣɣϵ֮ڡͬȨԻȡͬءܵκӡúܶѪϵķ֧Ⱥһ˷ܡ
ǿɲʲôɶġȫϵڱеĸмޱǿҡ
ձȺеļƻݱĽš

˿̣ڶħ֮С
һĵϡȻԿ֣֪ʲôʱ򣬵϶һɳǡɳǵģȫ͸ɳͬģǱģڴ׵ɳǡѾȻϢڵϣ˴ԪۣƣȻγ졣
ƫƧڶħκһ֪ĺ
Уܿһʿܣڣһɫ۵ʿڣǱˣǼڼܿڼߣһ˸ǻ۹âʿ
ЩǱˣ߸еĲʿ
նѾǲȥˣҪ˶ãĿͻǰָ򣬷ԤµĶʱ򣬼ƻͿԿʼˡ
ЦŶԼڼ˵
ţһҪľǴڵĿģΪ¼ƲѣģһжҪ̫⣬ֻҪССһ¾Ϳԡ
ڼȻһЦƽŵ˵
ģĺţΪ˹ֺšʵǿҲΣŵĹģһ콢Ϊ֣ҺֱΪ֣֡İ˹֡ӵкʮң֧ŵųͽСͻʵӵжħʵķѹʵһͿö˲ķѣʮְԵ
ÿٽĿѶϢ˵˳
һΣ߸˵Ǿ񾡳ҪԶħıһɹ߸вʿĹѫݸǧٴεݣɹĸʣ˵൱ĸߡ

ããϡ
ܿһ֧ŽڲϺУٴÿһҶʮ־޴սϣź죬һС߸ͼľǳ˹ֺš
ôûҵ֮ǰֻ㣬ǺռĶħʵöҳԲ£Ů˶档
һСİͻŭ˵˵УϵĻֱۡ
ǰһʱ䣬Χ׵ǰսзһ죬ҵöħʵֵףȻдϲϧּˡöװжħʵı䣬ȻһֻͻȻˮðľ޾ſһȥȻҡҡβͣתˡ
ûͻĵѪָо·ǴԼϸһһֱʹ붼룬ŷ׷޾Ҫ䳹ɱرȥĶħʵЩħʵ϶ûбǱǴڽƵģǲܱ򿪵ġ
ֻǣ޾ںеٶʵ̫ˣҪǶԶħʵıк֣ܹ׷ٵĻѾˣ˦֪Զ
ڲԶӦÿҪ׷ˡʱ򣬶ħʵǵġ
һ˵ʮš
쿴ǰǰûмĵ졣
ʱµķ֡
һİĵǰ쿴أƺʲôصıһ˿˿ɫıԴԴϵɢ
ħͣ棬ûڶˡ
ųϿ϶бı⣬ﶼܿļǺεȾ˵ı
۾ˡ
Ŀ꣬ǰĵ죬ȥıضǳ˹ֺŵġ
ͻҲǼɫǺ죬һӣ


1880 Ůľ
ſٿ졣Ȼŵľ黹൱ḻģûΪؾͳ׷ɾ裬Ͼе죬ǾζţпܴŸ廹壬ںûʲôӡ󣬱ϾҪӵģԷĿ޶ԣܶʱǶҪѪġ
ڱʱЩϵΪЩƴġܶຣڽӵĵ·ϣΪԼССĶΪ
ûˡ
ϣûˣһ˻ĵ
쿴бʯöıʯʲôʯƯ̫ˡ
һϻĵܸûе˺󣬶ʱͿʼı򷢳âĵطϸȥȻܿһööѤ貵ıʯǰ
ÿһöʯС󣬴иӵô󣬶ңڱʯУȻܿһŮӰŮòȰдĿ⣬ע˲һ¾еһ᲻ɢָƽͣܵͬĸװů
ȱ
һɲ֮䣬ȻȻľԺиֳЩѶϢ
ʲôʯǰôûм
ͻЩʯҲ¶ǿҵ𾪡ʯûмǰıʯȴȫǴûм͡ңеͨʯıɢĹâ֪ΪʲôһǿҵĿ£ÿһϸֳá
ƺһȲҪʯֱ̳ȥĳ嶯
ôģͬôġ
ּͽһöɢϢıʯСſھȥһ̣ʯȻھͻΪһ͵Ĺ֮ȻȻ뵽֮Сָоָĸ֮һʮֵ˼ҪѹԶУʵõᡣ
ÿһ壬ݳõ
֪ȥá
ڰͻԺУ·һ˲䣬ַ·ǹȥǧ¡ʱԺʧȥ塣
Ѻ󣬰ͻһӦֱ򺣱߳ȥǰĺˮƽʱǾԲȥˮģˮоڵĶħʵ˲ɢˮ״ָ̬о൱áзùħʵˣȻںϣȴԲˮС
ǵһ
ڣͻڿˮʱȴûиоԭȵ־壬Եʮƽ΢ɺ˺ˮţ˾ô߽ˮС
ųôˡ
ˮˮˮġ
ô£ųа˰ɡ
ܵĺһЩĿɿڴƽʱͻǿǼɻ亣ˮ£׶ģڲˣȫˮУֱһ㣬а˰ɣַ̫ǿˡ

ຣҪǰʱһˮͿͻֱӴӺг˳ϲûκ⣬¶֮ɫ˷ϲ
̲סеϲãЦأıذʯŮľˣȻŮĶ͡ʯǱأ͵ıذˣķˡ
±ʯ󣬰ͻѾ֪ʯѶϢⱦʯŮľˣڱʯУ̺һȥ޲ϵȱݣùŮľˡħʵɵҲ޸ķΧ֮ڣ¹Ůľˣӽºˮȱݣͳײˡ
ڶħʵ˵ֱϲ¡
֪˻Ϊ֮Ϊ֮ϧһеҪȡ
ħʵȱݣ̫ǿǹŮľˣҲȫ޳޸ҪνУµһöʯ󣬿άʮ꣬ʮµڶöάֶʮ꣬ڶʮµöӴԺ󣬾ͻ᳹޸ħʵ׻ָپһкˮ
Ůľˣħ˵ֱǴĸħʵʿ֪ж٣Ϊûа취˷ˮöħʵǿߣ;һȱݡɶħʵǿȴǺܶ˸޷Ҫս
ڣԭȵԱˡ
ⱦʯıءû˿Ծܾıء
죬бʯȫռЩʯڣħʵʲôηˣǷµıءŮľˣǱȶħʵҪıء
Сͻ˷ܵĿЦ
漴ٽ뵺죬ռɢڵϵıʯ
ǵϣóӣڵھҪǲ̺һʯҪǿĻǼֵ֮ߣȫǳġǳ˹ֺţΪ¼еĺš
ööʯǷˡ
ûУûпĶ͡
ѰܱߵҪҵıʯȴ֣¸ûпˣһεջҲǴ󵽴δйĵز
ߣȥǷˡ
ͻЦݣûдʧЦѾЩӲɷĵĿϲȴȫڸǲסġ˭ܸܵĵôû뵽ԼȻôõ
Ȼδ֪ıء
Ҳҵ˱޾ȥĶħʵ޾׻ɱõħʵõöŮľ˱ʯεջ񣬼ֱ̫ˡ
˹ֺſʼڷĹУȻٲһ񻶡

Ŀ꣬Ѿʼȷ뵺ϵĹŮľ˱ʯ
һѶϢصĴݳȥ
ϣڣ߸ʿһãһѶϢ
ڼ¶һĨ΢ЦܺãռƻʼִУһΣû̵սʽʼһεսۣΪսۡ
ǣ
ڶʿͬʱڴӦ

ʮ³˹ֺĵֹŮľ˱ʯЯأʼ񻶷

ʮʮħ־ͷ籩캣ХǷΧʮ־޴ƻΪֲޱźХӸءУ˹ֺŴڷ籩ģ治ɿ£ս׷ڷ籩гûʧںУʧŮľ˱ʯڻбຣϷᡣɢֻʣСͻһս籩ս;û

ʮ¶ʮг˹ֺŵĺҴߵִۿڣбʳ񡣴ϢڴУŹŮľ˱ʯ޸ħʵԲپºˮзùħʵǿߴҴеõʯú飬Ȼپºˮ

ˣħͿʼǺʳĺͳͳֻʼĳ֮ǰ籩ֵʻȥΪݳ˹ֺŵҴ˵бʯɢƬ
뺣ײһ𣬶ʱɱսֱӾͳڴ֮ϡɱ¾ϲһδβѪȵĺսôڴС
кڵϷֹŮľ˱ʯжʮö


1881 Ĵ
ʮöʯĳ֣һֱӷ֣Ǳ뺣ͬʱ֣һ֣ʱ˶ħеһģļҺսߣ뺣˫ǧıѪȾ棬ֻսʿս֮СڴսУʯϷһա
ʯϢʯЧһöͿ÷ʮ겻Ҫºˮõڶöάֶʮ꣬ٷõöͿòºˮ޸ħʵ
Ϣٴα֤ʵ󣬹Ůľ˳Ƭħ
ţһϢںС
ִԲϳ֡
ЩУǷֹŮľ˵Ϣ
ЩϢУʯǳ˹ֺöǸĵУطҲУף½أʯȵ
ж١
ٵֻһöмʮö
ǳڲͬ
Щ֣ÿһζһҴսƴᡣħУħʵõˣȻƬøӵĻңÿ춼бʯ֣ÿ춼мҵɱڽСÿ춼˷ñʯںˮвܵӰ죬ÿһöʯųɰǧѪ
ˣˡ
뺣ɱ뺣ڴս
ΪᱦʯֶΣ伫ȫϧһУûԸԼӵңǾºˮ˾޴ǰûа취а취ֲȻƴһеҪõ
ֻҲںУڸ½ϡƽƴᣬʯļ۸ڶħУڽʸߣȾиŵһöʯԸó
󣬾ͷ
˰
һǧ
Ǵﵽǧ
ۣñͽŵľƣøӵĻңӵĲҡ

ܺãֻҪռƻħȥʼάסڵľ棬Ҫɱϣ򡣹Ůľ˱ʯÿһʱ䣬ͷųһ֪֡ͨڽеֵ̽һҪСμκб¶ļԼ취ԲƬǵĴڡ
ڼ΢Ц˵
ڵľƣѾȫǵƿ֮УֻҪͰȥȻԴĿ꣬ƵƬƣǹӴӡ
һ裬һƣգ
Ůľ˱ʯǼƻʩչĹؼǶħУû˭ܹ޶õı̫ҪȻ˵֪ںƶ֪Ҳܱ⣬ֱȥ
Ц˵
Ҫ˵Ůľ˱ʯʵҪõҲżȻһħı걦ͱȡΪŮʯ֮Ͻģһöö貵Ĺʯû⣬ֻǾЩ棬̷ֱڱٳаħ֣Ǿ൱ǿ
з֣ʯȻԶԶħʵʹ߲ķӦ޸ħʵ֪Ϣ󣬼ڼͺ߸еĲʿһƶļƻ
ߣ䲻һ
ⱾǼڼרڣһַʥּô󺺳׷ֱνһֻϣһƾͬ£һʯħ붯ңһãʳڻбԪˣش
ıʿĿ£ڰУһı붯ߣǳ׵׵ıܹϤҲѲȥ

ڶħݱĽżƻʱ˿̣ԵȻܿӰƾճ֡
һ׹սףޱɧС죬д޵֣ڿ죬еޱȸߴ󣬿սϣ̧ͷͦأͫУͫڲ˸һε塣޵д󽫾
һӰǴ̿ãһ̻ʡ˿̵̻ʣһɧצ滹ץһӣϵĽͷëĸ˳⻬ѾҪܹˡ
һһɫۣͬɧӰһֻ֣ƺϰԵǰץҪ͵ʲôһٲȻ˾ժǡ
һٲȻһɫ´ȥĿС۾תһ۾ܿҲʲôûǻˮࡣ
ʣ
ĵӰʱ໥Զ̻ëһȻ˵

޵д󽫾Ҳ˵
͵
˾ժȻ˵

ȥóڼϣһ԰˵
Ǿ˼˰׷Ĵʡĵͬʱ֣һҾ˵̬ȫûа߳ܵĸо
ʱ꣬ؾˡ
˾ժһ˵
ЩҲˣֻи̻һʱᵽǰδеĴ̼˷ܡÿһµʱ򣬾͸ӵĴ̼
εõʥּǰУ飬ǱչֵʱǴҪţҪΪ׹µĹѫɾ̫ˣ˵ԳΪе
޵д󽫾һ˿˿Ұ
ЩۺǣȻӵкܶҲλȨأ翪е飬ĺôȻ಻ʤֻǣȵҲҪֻƷ
ΪǳΪ
˵֮ϣһ֮䷶ΧԽġһֻһȨ֮Ȼ֪ķ⽮ʹ˭ӡƷף˵ٶһƷп֮λ
ܵ˵ĺô޵д󽫾ȻҪŬһҪеģҪһСء
ţ˵򣬽ҪΪ翪еһǣһܶ׽зˮʦǵĿ꣬Ǿƻ
̻һᶨ˵
ò񡣵ȵľǽ졣
˵УźܶĹЩ꣬ҶûлʩչѧһΣһҪڸʹ죬ĽУ϶űȥ촽һ˷ܵ˵
ഫڣĹ̺ŸָıҲпµաȻܲõͿı¡
Լȥʮš
ٺ٣һܲջ񣬿ɾȫֵˡ
˾ժҲЦ˵
ĹбѾʼȲˡ
ҪвҪЩ񣬾ЩĹвǵУѰ㹻񡣵õȥ˷ˣʲôǷּĹһ̣Ժ޹˼ɵʩչŻ

޵д󽫾һ£Ѿʽ̤
ϷдĹȥ۲ˮ˲Ŀꡣ
֪ΪʲôϿգͻȻ׵罻У·ڤڤԤʾʲô
ףֲԤС
УһУ


1882 ƽ
еĽһĹҪ˵ĲԸǱȽլģϲʵĻ֮У򲻵ѣһ㶥ĲǿߣǲȦġͺñ֮ǰΧףȻкϯĲǿߣȴûг֡һլϳУûоԵıҪǲ׳ġլõбء
ԣУĹأʤʤö١ʵ̫ˡҲǵáȻ֮ǹȥҲΪЩأڲ÷ˮС谭
Ϊһϰ
ЩϰȻҪЩ޵д󽫾̻ʣٺò
ĸһܱǳġ
ܸɳʲô˭֪

˿̣гƳǺĿռ֮ڡ
ɨܣܿ¯֮Ѿɱ䣬༶ۣΪʥǣĿռ䲻ٱֹеĺȫɱ䡣
ΪƳۣҪ㵥ԪµԣѾɳʵһΣʮƽ磬Щƽλ֣Ҫ
ӻų򣬳ߣȸԾ˵
ƽ磬ÿһ㶼ǿĹЧ
һ㣺ʥ磬ʥӡ
ڶ㣺ս磬ӪѪ񽫡
㣺Ľ磬ĵɢˡ
Ĳ㣺磬¥Ͼ
㣺ƽ磬Ʒ壬ˡ
㣺֯ƽ磬֯ƻ֯ӡ
߲㣺Ը磬Ըˡ
ڰ˲㣺޽磬԰޻أˡ
ھŲ㣺ɽ磬ƷƳأƹ
ʮ㣺н磬ؾأֽɡ
ʮһ㣺ʳ磬֣
ʮ㣺ͨ磬ͨͨˡ
ʮ㣺磬ѧӡ
ʮĲ㣺򱦽磬ժ¥ˡ
ʮ㣺¹磬ӡ
ʮ㣺ؽ磬Уɢˡ
ʮ߲㣺ս磬޳ս
ʮ˲㣺ʺ磬ʺţ񽫡
ʮŲ㣺¯磬¯ͯӡ
ʮ㣺ܽ磬ܴӡܴɡ
ʮƽ磬ѾֱͶʹãǿפУÿһܵĻӭԸУÿ춼дǰԸÿ춼дԣԸʵԸν൱졣ܶ˶ÿȥԸԸϰߡ
¯磬ܽĳ֣ô׸̶ܽ볬ٵĽ׶ΡˣЩɳǵ죬⡣
һΣɳǽ£ɱ䣬ٴʮȫµƽ磬Щƽ磬ûһ״̬·δһ㣬Щӿµġ
ֻҪкʵ챦ͿԽ˿ٳȫµƽ磬챦ӵ¡
ãνԭδϵ챦ȫϡ
п׵ͷ
ǣˡ
ʮֿĵ˵ܿɳǱøǿ󣬾ϲá
ڶʮһƽ磬׼챦гأ㻯飬ָӹ١
ûгɣժ¥óһ챦дȡȨޣڵõеͰԼĹ滮ʼ
ʱһ·һ챦ڵڶʮһƽУһȥƽеڷӿȥ漴ڻһƽ磬˲ͿٳгƽУգۼ䣬λãΪһ޴ĻأУһгһվվ㡣
һƽ磬Ϊг磬еĸгӽ󣬾Ϳͳһʼվյվվ㣬Ժ󶼿ԸӵĹ淶ʹʱҡͳһ
ܲ
жԴ˺⡣
ܿһеĸгʼгС飬ָӹѾʼָһигרŵվ̨ңվָ̨ʾƣָǰվ㣬;·ȵȡ
ڶʮƽ磬нзأƽ磬磬㻯飬ʿ
ǰΪƽ粻࣬ûа취£Žϵ챦һƽڣпģȻҪʺƽķչһƽ磬ָ⡣ʿü⣬Ʒ̷ġ
ڶʮƽ磬нзֽ㻯ֽӡ
ر룬ֽͬҲ롣Ϊµƽ硣
ڶʮĲƽ磬Է֮Ȫ㻯ȪˮŮ񡣡
漴ڶʮĲƽѾ٣Է֮ȪУƳǵ£Է֮ȪƷɱ䣬̺ǿһ㣬ͽȪˮ硣
ڶʮƽ磬챦ɫ㻯飬ɫ롣飬ԽħɫСɫΪ¼䶥ָܾмѵĴá
ٴ˵
ɫУʮʺҩ
ܺãħ
ҲͬвħûģƽУҲһ£ⶫԽϣȻǺôԽࡣҲǿ̡
ڶʮƽ磬챦ҽġ㻯ʹ
ҽģ͸һ޴ҽԺû̫ҲΪҽƽ硣죬ңܹоĸӵʡҽܷͨӳǿĹЧ°빦
ڶʮ߲ƽ磬촬㻯鴬˽Ϊ硣
һ챦֮ȥｫΪս۵ĸڣƽ磬ƬǺ󣬵ȻսɲֻǺ֮ʻա
ڶʮ˲ƽ磬Ӣ鱮㻯Ĺˡ
һƽ磬ʮҪӢ鱮ΪӢ飬ôеİգǰ죬ӢУӢ鱮ͬ¹ڣսߣѪǣһѪ⣬ײ𳤳ǡºǡӢ鱮пܻԸ۳Ӣ顣ЩӢ鲻ĻǣֻһԸġһ־ϵĳ
ڶʮŲƽ磬챦ϳ¯㻯ʹ
ϳ¯Խиֺϳɣ֮ĺϳɣʯ뱦ʯ֮ĺϳɵȵȡֻǣֺϳɵĳɹʣǾԵģҪɹԲô׵ģʱпʧܣһʧܣĺϳƷҲʱ𻵵ĿܡɹǾпƷֱӽƷסǿġ
ҲҶģǾͿĵˡ
һ㣬ϳɽ硣
ûгɣʮƽп١
ʮƽ磬챦޵㻯ȡ޽硣
ٴοٳһƽ硣
һ޽磬ΪṩԴԴϵĻޡƷɱ߱ʮٱ
ˣʣµƽʱ棬ȴкʵ챦ٽп١Ͼʱ仹վҪһЩԱʱ֮衣Ϳֹ
ʮƽ磬ڶԣѾȫ㹻ˡһЩԱأδزǺ¡
ǣˡ
ûзԣٴӦ
׼ٴΡ
һ


1883 
ǵģڴѾƽȣȻڻڲϵĶսÿնдսѪսϣɱͣս£ڣȫѡ֣ﵽսûֵءձȺУëݺҵӲ˵ݴϢ˵ĳɹν൱׽ڴ׵롣׵ĹѾǲȥڰЩѾɳǡֻ󱬷һ̡
ħУڼ߸Ĳʿȫǽһʢ磬ʩչŸıԡǵһο񻶣ڿǵļƻ֮󣬾ûвֵĴ㡣ǣȫԷġ
Ҫ·ˮ󣬼Ǽġ̻ĸʺȥƽǿ϶ƽģȵˮɣһ󷨣һжǬҪ̫ǡ
˲ŵҪ
ߵ죬˲ţø涼Ҫֻ̫֣ҪʥǣͳϽһоСĵһ㣬ҪˣʶˣǶ÷ȨҲҪŪȨ
ңʥ֮ͥҪʱ䷢չÿ춼µɳǿʼɡÿ춼µİռףǨ嫺ڵϾټϴӲļİգҲдӺǨƳգһ𣬾½ɳеİɲ֡
Щ׳еȺνǼ죬Ȼ硣ֻ˲ŵĴڲϵļӿ졣һпӵ̡
ЩҪй档
ѿסҪͿԡ
ԣʱ磬˵Ǽõһʱִ٣ոպʡλţ׶ĴĹƲ֣뵽׶Ρ
ûоĿꡣ
Ǻѯʵ
ҽǿηۻգȥңҲĿĵزص㣬Ҫܲеõ򡣸ؼǧ̬ḻҪġ
еȻһЦƽ˵
ĸ̣ȻҪģȻҲܹԷ⣬˳֮ҪҰܲȨԻ۾
ȻҲҪңڣɢɢģһ²ͬķ羰
εʱ䣬ɻƳУʱ䣬أһԱչصȥһ¼ԽҽѡȻֹΣڱû𺦡
Ц˵
˷ģ֪ôһ˿üҵġ
ͷӦ
ЦЦҲû׼ߣ죬Ůڴ׸ɳй˹䣬Ҳ΢˽ã߷أ顣ƷʳϸʮãһжǴ޺áĹУǶŮ̣ûһӡ
Ȼܿġ
Ҳ˴ķò
ûǸоʧ
´׵ĹԱḯڿһķΧ֮ڡ
УҲԼҪչһʱ˵˳

ʱһΣʮȥ
һ죬ʮʮ
жĵڣһΣĵչصĵص㣬Ѿд̰أ棬ܣһκη紵ݶὫ侪
ƴϡ
ˢ
ǰâһһƾճǰǿηǿηԽԽ죬ڱÿʹһΣҪһʱܶõڶΡ
ֻΪĿֻҪرԴ׻ָֻǣĴ۲СЩǱĬ£Ѿָȵ졣
ÿʱÿ̶ε缳ȡ֮ٶȣԽԽ졣׾ڵİԽ࣬ξԽ֮࣬Խࡣ˵׵۳װΪм
ڿռ䲻
ΪֹѾﵽԲʮľ˴Сڿռ䣬ʮǧ緽Բǧļ޴Сԣһ㣬żĲࡣȻÿ죬ڿռ䶼ڱֻҪʱƣǧ磬δزܴݡͻƵǧ硣
ܿ˿̵ǿηȻѾָӵд֮ܡ
ϣһǳâ˸ͬ濴ǿգʮ죬˲ɵ񶼻ᱻȥǿվʮͬǿա
ǿηÿΣһĪĻԵ˳֮δĻԵл뿪˳߸򣬵Щ׳׵ĽݾϣһҲԵõһջ˿ڣ˲ţǻԵ챦ֻҪܵõǶӶࡣ
һεĿĸǰһҪܵĻȡ˲˿ڡʥͥҪţϾҪĴҪ˿ȱڣǾޱȿֲģ˽⣬󲿷ħΪ壬ǣܻģʵ̫١
һΣȫԽ˻ᣬǨһ˿ڣ淵شס
ɣλʲôһľ
һûκγɣһ䣬ԪעǿηУ˲Ϣ䣬շ𣬳ͷһŨǹ˲ͽڣţо͸оԼڣһ־׵ıǿηȡȻȡҪܲѣҲΌܡ
û뵽ǿηС
漴ǰһתɫһ䣬ֱӽ뵽һصĿռС
ǿηڶصǳ硣
գۼ䣬Ϊǳ֮Ѹһȫµ壬̺һУ뱾𼸺ûκ𣬾ͺǸƣ¡һֻǣһĵ̫ˣܿǿУƺǳ˲Ϣ䰵˼֡
ɣֽ
вһ˿ڴ
һ䣬Ѿ̤ǿͨʱε˲ʧ
⴩ٶȣʵ̫ˡ
쵽˸޷ܡ
ڵΪҲֻܿ޾˸
ףġ
ٴܹǰʱҲ΢΢һ㶡
ϸȥһΣȻûг½ϣһɳСɳУֽУ̣С໥̸סһ̣Ŀⶼʶϡ
еľȣ˭ܿĵġ
ŴͶϲ£
ոгֵ̬ʵ̫ˣȻǴһǹ⣬˲׹ڳУֻ棬ҪӣҲ޷
ʵʲôˣô
һͷ̬ĴǰУŹֵѯʵǺһ£û粻˽С
죬ѡոմգշ籩˳ǡ΢һ˿òǸͣϣңɢһ㣬һĵۻѹϣ˵ƵĻѲ³ݡ
ҽ񷣬ҵ̳ǡĳһԶˡ
һЦ۾ЦǺǵ˵


1884 
ԭðǰдڸոմʱѾˡɳһֻԶıϣۼüԶˣԶôܻİһ֪ԼĵطҲǰԸп
ԼԶԵȻεʱֱԶ˵̳֮Сָʣʵǵ͵˼ĵزԾ̾
Ϳԡ
ЦǺǵ˵ܵĸоǰһλпǴͻ
ʲôܴ׹䵽Լ̳УԵְԵܹϵ²үôҲҪúõ׬һʡ
ϰĿɲСҲüλԶˣ̳ǵģҲֻһλ̳ǵĹģϰ壬ϰѵõ䱦
Ȥ˵УҲȻ˳Ըȥ
Զ˿⣬Ȼڴдͻ
ǺǣˣԶˣһֱΪ˰ѱصĹ˿ͣҪƷߣҪĶҪСǾͻİ˹׬ǮѣǿڣǿڶѡЦǺǵ˵һĸ̬ôǮմϱߡ
ֻˣЦѡ
ȥѵ䱦п
Ц˵
Ѵԣ⣬һΣռıҲõһȥۡһЦǰ·
ϰ壬Ǵ򡣡
кѯʵ
Ǿʮ򸽽һΪĽƬУиǴսأԲ䣬ΪۼأҪ޻޵ĳܶطǴʧͨ״̬ҪȴԽվĸյءҲкܶطչصزļֵǼߵģǶԶ˵ƬչƷĺõط
˵ЩǷĵġ
֮ǲͬġпһЩʮַ٣ʢЩȴ·ǴʱңҰĺۼʲôпܡÿһ򣬼ͬһһ㣬ֻĴСѡĽ򣬾ˣ̫壬Ļޡ
ңǿħȻʲôҪȥᡣ
Ƭ򣬻УҲһֹ򡣸壬档ǲͬϵʲôǧٹֵ嶼ܿĵ
ʲô鶼пܷ
ĽУһжпܡ
ңʮܽӽĽģǺ
һΣҲ׼ҪڸҪԴڵضʣȡ챦Ȼͻ׼ǰ򡣶Զ˵ؼﶼȥǰҪǰȻѡ
ǽҪȥģ˵ǿһ˼ɾΪĹȡ
ͻȻһζĿУһ˵һգգ۾¶Źֵı顣
Ŷ֪ʲô˼ɾܷ˵һ˵
Ҳһ˿棬ѯʵ
˵˵֪ˣҪ˶ãȻִܹһۣʲôˡصЦЦûֱӸ֪
пҲֻЦЦû׷ʣ綼֪ġ
䱦ղص챦ɶ档˵Ҫı
Ѿ߽һ޴ĸ¥̤ȥܿ¥бݺᡣָ챦ܿĵ
ףϰĹ伮񲢲١һ۾Ϳڷڼϵһ伮ܿĳЩǷƷ
ǰʱ䣬жħ˼һר֮ΪڽУչʮ־ˣһħΪħҲΪǿĵزǸɫ߳ĵ·һǿǱЩ伮У󲿷ֶеĶħ顣ഫʮУֱбȶħչĸ貵򡣷ֱǶ򣬰·ǲΪʢĽ򡣡
ڸ飬Ȼ䡣ħȷʵؼʮֳšıʮǿƻǿħʤڲҪϣڤ£ܹԶصطʩչָħƻҲһǿߵ۷壬δزһ֤ĵ·
໢ơ罣浶ӥ֮׶֮ڤ뷨ڤ뷨ڤ뷨
һŶħָڤ뷨ȵȡǰʮ㡣ǹҩȵط伮һܹĵǶħСĸõЩܿĶħ˲šֵ֮ںܶУǶ޷ġ
ȻڷЩ伮Ͷм۵ġ
ýǮ
ϰ壬Ĺ伮γۡ
׵ͷЩ伮⡣ʲô伮¼ɲᣬΪ鼮һǾһĴУǻ۵ĴСҪȥصģ滹кܶǴײؾû¼ĵ伮
Ǿûдĵ
ȻҪ¡
׵Ѳ֪Ҫһ
ϵЦݸӲãſھѯʵ
ȫĹ伮ȫҪ
˵

ֻһ˲䣬Ц۾ĴֱʰһھȫȫǺ԰ϲĺ͡
ｻףΪҵλȫҪĻ伮һһٶҪ۸ΪʮڶҡͷĨȥʮö
伮˵Ҳ˵ҲͲʲô伮۵Ŀ϶ԭֻӡһΣԼڶΣΣԴԴϴֵԣ۸סȻҲͣһķΧ֮ڣЩȻ֪ԣȻĵͷ
ּ䣬óӦҡ
ȻǺ
񷿴һ˿⣬Ųɫľͽ漴óһֻ˹װģȻǹĹ伮
ɨһۣ
׵ѣһݽͼĳЩĽǰ·ߣ;оһЩļأ棬ǵȤĻԹһݡ
Ц
ͼÿһԶ˶顣һǼ¼ΪѶϢгۣͼ൱֡
ȻҪ򣬲֪ʲô۸񡣡
ԥ˵
ͼǴײ顣ô˽ò
ֻҪһöҾͿӡһݡ
ЦǺǵ˵


1885 ִ
ԣǺöǮƣȻġ
ҽнףʲôϡȱ飬ֻóӴѣңǮĹУ˿ûнǮƵһ׵ͻ
ԴҲû̫ɡ
Ͼ¯ڸжǳֹңܶ뾡취ȥȡһֻҪӵ¯Ҳ룬ֻҪӦĲϣԴͿԡȻǴĻҲһ㣬ϾĹУҪԸһϡȱԴǿߣǴûӦ;ȡġ
¯ĽУͬҲţһЩСͨС䣬СֻţʹԼƶĻңܱܲϿɣǾһˣ׵ĹУҴ඼кȻ˵޾ɸУͨķÿվ
ԣ˭óңȻ˾ȣȴҲ̫⡣
ֻҪ֪С
ﻹһЩ챦֪ѸвȤʱ䣬챦ļ۸ÿվԼʹãǹȴֵǶòѡ񡣡
Цݲõ
챦ֵߣŸʿǿߵӣ챦ž޴󡣲ЩԶ˲ûѡ䣬ѡֻۣҪҪǾͻֻǣ۸ϣøӵĸ߰
ˣԼһ
챦ôܻûȤÿԿۡ
۾һЦ˵
챦˭Ӷ࣬ӵдʥͥ³ʱ챦ҲҪȥΪʹͣҪժǸУ򱦵Уǿߣڻȡ㹻ѫܹһõı̥ǱֵûԴ
ҲǴǿԸڴ׵ԭ֮һ
Щ챦ȷʵһ
뿴챦
ЦǺǵ˵һǰϣڷŵıﲻ࣬ǰ޹⣬̫⣬ͨƷ
챦࣬ʮ
Ȼⲻжԡʿ˵Ѿ൱ࡣƽʱһѵÿɱԴ
еǹ֮챦Щ̥ЩѾ̺
ЩǹѰ챦ȻܴﵽʲôزҲȫ˵ΡҲһ࣬ںܶʿѡ
͵ģʮ
ֱ͵챦ڸضʮ֣Ȼ鱦ȴͬǱÿһѾǵǧöҡǵҪĻѡ
ЦǺǵĽܵ
ƽγֵһࡣ
ǰʮҾͿԹһȣֹǼ۸ǰ
ȷʵڵ۸
ܺã۸Ƕ٣ЩȫҪһ㡣
׵ͷ˵
ĿȴЩȽ챦ϡ
һֻһһʯ壬һƣһһ𱦶һֻ롣߼״ʮ챦ѾҲ˵ѾáֻҪԽȻȻľͿԲϽɱ䡣
⼸챦ϰһ°ɡ
Ц˵
Ůκʻ뻨УȥͬŮɢƮɱ㣬ԻݻŮɱУԻΪٻ¶޸ˡﳬֵ
⹬ǳ;лǳ֮Ķڹ°빦ЧӿĻۣܾǿķǹͬǹһļƷ챦ֵùǾǴ׬׬
ʯΪʯ壬˵ʯˣд֣Դд˹켣ǶԶԷ䣬Ūˡʲô̶ȣҲҪƷ׵ĸߵ㡣
ΪӡƣһʮţÿһŶǿķӡԷӡһֻҪеķӡ֮Էӡǿߡ
Ϊھпռ䡣ѹУԻΪʥءǱ
һ𱦶ҲܹܹУʮֳأбյ
һֻ룬Ѫ롣ڴѪΪˣµԣΥһΥһӦ顣˵κԼܼ֤Υᷢ顣
߼챦ĹЧ䣬Ȼܲ˽⡣
ܿͽӦѶϢ˵
е˼Щ챦ȫҪһ¼Ǯ
Ц˵
ϣ׵ѣЩ챦Żݵļ۸񣬼һ𣬹Ϊʮһڡ
һѾ۸˵˳
ʮһڣɣۡûжܹһóӴǮƫƫ챦ļֵڣ׷ңۣûжǿ߶ļ۸ɡ
ãԣȫҪ
ҲûнۣͷӦٴóһңּ䣬챦
ʲôӶࡣֻǣЩ챦Уûܴڣ챦ʤޣԷḻ׵̡
Σ
ʽʱͻȻ䣬һ߿Ľлصƺ󻶺
ôԶԶˡ
̫ˣ֪һԶ˴˶˹׼ǮƣһҪһ˻ؼҡ
Ҫһҵġ
ݺﲻʮöʲôꡣ
׵ѣѾµľۼأԶѾʼ½Ȥѿǰһ˵ãӣڴѻ辯裬̫Ρ
ЦЦ˵
С۾ζ
һ߳䱦ܿԶѾϽ䣬һ޴Ĺų⡣ϸȥһ޴ĵ졣ϣ˵ɽˮ㣬ҲʮʺϾס
ϽһųǣǴկ
Ҳ൱ַ
Զλãһ޴ĺߡ
ƺָأһ֮ݺᣬ죬޵Ϣڲ˸ħɢںһߣľ󣬺ϣСʻвģӴ˵ġ
ȻŮˡ
̳߳ǣĸۿڣ̧ۿȥ
߲ܿˣдˣȫŮˣЩŮˣֵģһ۾ܿƽʱǸŸֿһòʲôֻͨϴµķ˪
ֻǣֵǣûˣֻŮˡ
Щڰϴ·ŮԶ۾ġ
ǿ񷣬̳иʿʱ۾ڷ⡣һڲϻ衣


1886 Ů
ͬʱܿС׷׳ںϣڵλöдսսһʿǶŮŮӵӰܿЩŮУͬ¶ȵĹâǿҵϰ壬Īǣ˵еŮ
һһĨɫ˵
׵ѹȻʶ㣬ŮҲûӣͷ˵Ⱥ⣬⣬Ҳ⡣˵ĺˮǧȲáӣһĸӣеĺˮŮһȥ֤һʱ̾ͻỳУĺܡ
ӣŮŮûӣŮˣҪӵĻֱӾںҨһĸˮȥͿԻУңﻳģһŮӤĴ󲿷־ŮӣŮˣʿҲŮˣҲŮˡŮȨϣŮУϡȱġ
Ǹп˵
ŮŮ
ݴԣŮ̺صŮеŮӣֻŮӤӽϺãǺĸкˮеģµģһŮһ㣬ôûа취ı䡣ò˵һʮ顣
һ㣬ôûа취ı䡣
ȻǲܣǱŮ뿪򣬷ϴȥѪеĸӡǣŮеİգһĸӲɷָϵ
ǵĸӵˣϵ
ӧţ¡
̧Ϲ˵
ܿսѾӱߣܿսվһӢˬŮŮŮӢˣĿã̲סһǰһĸо
ȻŮʶġ
ϰѵһΣִ֪ʲôıУϴϰ飬֪ûüĿŮӧ񷣬ĿϣһҲһȻвû¶òȻòҲƲʲôӢǷȺӢ
ڵòȻͨϵʣȴһֵĳȻһ㣬ȺУʮֳڣܹһ۾ͷֱòģʣȴһչĹؼڡ
ǺǣȻŮĴ£ĳôܲģһΣĳǰ꿡ܣ٣Щ飬Ҫ໥Ըԭ򡣵ףҲĳĿͻ
ЦǺǵ˵
ȻŮˣҲǹūţǻԸġӧŮһŵ˵УһˣͲ뿪ƶ
˿̣ȻԿԶϵ̳Уһʿϵ˳֮ǰûע⣬߳ŷ֣ǵӾȻвʮ򡣴ʮ굽ʮ֮ģʲôεĶСһж¶ڴ֮ɫ
ŮȻȫŮӡ
̫ˣŮÿ궼ᣬŮӣῪ˵ֻҪԸŮͿѡŮӣֱ˵á
˵ŮУÿ꣬ѡŶ²μѡƯŮˡֱ˵롣
Ҿ˵˲Ҫɻ޾磬ѡ뿪ۼأǰŮ֪һУֶ˾޵ľɫˡڴ
Щ˺ȻרΪŮġ
˵ģŮУĲ࣬Ů࣬ңѡӱòªŮУ֡
ȫƾԸĳǲµġҴŮչһȸ裬Ҫ£Է㡣ȸڸضʮֳ۸ĻȻгļ۸񡣡
ЦǺǵ˵
ţ˵ȥŮһôϿǶϰʮڴܹ档ӧ˵
ˣŮĳ½ȥˣͳˣã徲˵
һλǡ
ӧУѯʵܵľЩͬѰ
ף졣ǸԶ׼ķĳһĹȡеȻһЦƽ˵ûбֳһڴ
Ҫ˵ɫ֮УκεطѷɫʥڣǻһѾȣǾŮòʣŮмǾ󲿷ŮӸӳڣȫ޷ȣȻҲǾԵġŮĹȣʲôĽɫпܵ
˭˵顣
бŮʲôģû̫׷˳Ȼѡ
ڲμ飬Ȼȥôʥͥʥȥ׸ҪǴȥǼֱЦ֪˻ᳰ͡
ȻⲢ
ŮĹȣҪϸǻһź
ңл뷨
ŮͽᣬλԸ⣬ԿŮУڣϴҽǰǣὫںоС
ӧڶЩ̳ῡЦ˵ʮ͡Ҳܱǵ̬ȡ
᲻ŮȫеģרŵĳǳΪٰĵص㣬ȻٰǰǣҪдӵſԣе˭
ŮУǶصһϰס
ÿξУ˵һѵõʢᡣ󲿷ֵŮӣڴϡУŮȸ裬ҲʮеģҪȸŮķвժƳĲҶжص㣬ڸмѣң˾ˬ̺ǱĬΪʮ졣棬Ҳǧʮֵ֡
һӷ׷׵Ͽʹ׼ǰ棬ǡȴڴѾõᡣ
ʱͻȻ䣬һͻȻǰ
ںӵΣ˳¡
ʱĿ⡣
пȥͫҲ΢΢һ¶֮ɫ
Ĳ񷤣ϵˡ
ϸȥϣȻżӰмģһУģȣʮ꣬ʮӢһ飬ƺдʡߣŵȴʮֹ졣һɫëĺӣ׹ŻƤ£һڽɫεģƺڹ۲ܱһͺܾ
һλͷͦŸӣһңֻ·һ΢΢ȶһ۾ܿǸְ
һλĿϻһһһͲʲôˡԱ߻һƥûһ˿ɫʮֵϡСԱ߷һӣ
Уӣһаȡô
еԣڿһĻʱԺҲ˲Ϣ両ֳȡĻ棬⿴ǲֺģǾǡ
ֻǣô
У
ӧѯʵ


1887 ʥɮ ˮ
ƶɮƶ΢ЦŻ׵Ҫȥ
ӧһĨɫٴѯʵ
Ҫַȥȡ澭Ϊҵຣް٢𣡣ٴλش
У޾ɽۣʮУ򣬴˴ȫɷƹܣһַبŴ½Уķʥأɽ
˵֣򡣷ŵĸ֮ڡ
ƶɮʣƶɮλͽܣʽĴȡƶɮ׼ǰ顣֤ƶɮ
͵˵
ƺܴиܵһִȱʡ
ʣͽܣǴ˵еô
оۿţ֮ĶԻҲɰ𾪣յ˵⼸λĵĻǱؼĴܼǿߣΪʲôҪ֮·ѵһԪѾһԪҪ֮·ȡ·ȡһԪ
Ϊؼ䣬ʲô֮¡
ɾôġҪ»ȡӦȡһԪһ졣ΪһԪѾ֤ĵֻҪ˳ԭȵĵ·һء
ȻĿĵͬģǷͬǾ֪пܻɹҲпܲɹ
һ㣬˭޷ȷ
ͺñȰɣܹпڴеҲп֡ѡ񣬴ֻӵһǱ֤Ͳܹ˵İԭȵĲܹȻٳ֣תҲǰ֮һֻͨʿе·ǳΪһܣǶٳΪɡ
һ񣬾һӡһܲһӡûжѡ
ԭƳϣȻǴƶǾ汾һǰȡ飬뺡Ůѵкǰ˵ϻ볤Ͽ𾭡
ӧ˵¶һĨ΢ЦУÿȻûͷȺУҲǺȺһ۾ϵóȷʵûܹȵġ
ʦǽˡȻȫŮˣһӶһӡǺ̧۴ܣһ۾ͿŮΣʢκ֮ʢ˥ǸûĴڡ
˵Ů˾һȺ
ܻС
ʦ֣һȺŮɲ
ŶңǱߵĿˮѾʼˡ
ȫ۷Ź⣬ߡ
ӶҪɳˡ
ҷȱʦ֣㻹ע㣬СĴʦֵĹ¹ɳŲסĺзһȱ˵
ȡһ˳Ŷ԰ʻȥ

е˼һŮ֮УʮֵȤ
пǱ¶һĨ΢ЦУȤζʦͽˣҲʮָȤϾǴ˵елԽӴĻδһʮȤľ
ңǾǲǴ˵еˣһĻɡ
һ䣬һεɳźɢȥ뵽ϵŮС
֮дһĸ
ȻԿеĴֻϣдŮεĿʣǿεݣһ¶Ľ֮ɫȻôӢСǻǵһһ󣬾̲סĵ绳¹
еС̲ס衣
ԧ˫ܵ˫ɣ԰ɫ
ʥɮŮŮ
УıİĽ֮顣ȫǻŮһŴġ
˵ʲôȨʲô档
ֻԸ쳤ؾã˶档
ĸӳı¶⡣
ʥɮ˫죬̲סдʣо򶨣Լһıҡ
һŮ飬Ů飬ǶģʥɮĶ˷񡣡
Цһּ䣬һ񷤸ųںϣ̤䣬Ѿ̤񷤣ңңʦͽˣּ䣬Ц˵һ䡣
Ů飬ӡпʮֵ̡һομʱͱŮޡɮ֮飬⣬ոգŮϢ䣬ӳŮļ䣬·Ȼֶ˿Ŀ⡣
ƶɮĹڷţɫöѣƶɮǳˣλĴֻܵˡʥɮһţɫƶ˵
ȻƾЩҡķģȴУһ˿ɫ·𣬸ոյŮ飬˵ű𶯡ΪʲôҪϸ֤С
ԵǸ˲̵·ʦͽˮ
еȻһЦͻȻ˵
һ£漴óһ룬ǰĴҨһˮˮֱӴӺȡĲ֣ˬɿڣ˻ζ
ͳʦͽǰ
ʩʵ̫ˡ
пǰ룬еˮüͷĲһ£Ǹо·ˮʮֵĿܣǻֽӹȥ˵ƶɮʣˮͲˣҪлʩĺ⡣ƶɮˡ
Уֽ³е˹ȥƺҪջȥһ
ߵĺӺҲ¶һ˿Ź֣ģȻҲûдˮ
ѽ
ʱĽͻȻһॣƽⲻȣֱײ˺һ£ʱеˮһȫȥȫСֻʣ¿տҲ
ʦոиˣûע⣬ʦˮʦҪǾ͹Ұɡ˷λʩһ⡣һǸ˵¶ǹġ
ȻǲʣǾ´ټˡ
пζĿʦͽһۡЦЦû˵ʲôһ䣬ҵļһǰգۼ䣬Ѿ԰
ʦͽˣ򵥰
֪ӵ֪еˮȲð
ǰǺǣҽǺ󣬳еĿջסǲסջеķݣҲס־ʳѾ׼áҾá
ӧǰǰľ޴ǳء
ҲУһǰ
ʱǳǰ޴ĳšСǡҡ
ǣѰҾס֮ء
бõľдȻ˶š
һǣҲܸܵݺǽŮһ߽󣬲֪ŮӶЦжһ֮ɫ
˵ŮУŮƣǼʶˣһǾ˰ǰ￴ȴѡΣѾˣŮ˵ʲôҲˡ
ƣԸһֱ
Ҳǰ˷ܡ֮ǰѾй󣬿ʱ֪˵ѷȫԼһУ¶Լ顣
ɫͷһѵǺ¡ŮеŮӣףǿһ¡
аһͷ


1888  ʦ
֮Уʲôȱȱ˰ʣ׿˵Ҫж٣ʳÿһɳǣַģк㶨ģάĿռ侲ֹܹõıʳʣǹȥɰǧ꣬ҲշŽȥʱһǹȥ꣬ʮ꣬пֱܻʡ
࣬Զ˳ÿ춼µƷ
ڣҪţҪһĴ
ȱˡ
ȱ˰
û㹻˿ڣһĴֻ£Ҫܳʱָܻ̣ŵʱεĿģĲ˵ʵһĿģҪǱ޶ë˿ڲŶԡ
Ů֪ĵһʱ䣬оһϲ
طðȫŮʲôشףеӡŮӲŮŮеŮӣУãֻŮҲȫûйϵŮðŮ˿ڡֻҪȹ׶ΣԺȫģû
Ů˿ڣ˽⵽ģ죬дŮĽӵе񣬲֮ࡣֻҪԸ⣬˵ڣʮڣʮڣŮ˵Ҳټ򵥲顣һĸӵĺˮ֤Сȫǰٷ֮ٵ顣
Ȼδȥһˡ
ʵصģĸӡһĸӣ˿ʱڣõȻҲǲݺӵġ棬Ϳȥõ⡣
ܽһŮͨʥͥͨĻǾˡܹԴԴϴŮлȡŮӣΪҴףãŮ
Ժһͷ
пռţɿռţ޷Խ˾޴Ľ룬ڵ鱦ҲУһ죬ɱĻǿռţȫпܷһ췭ظɱ䣬Խ֮ľ룬ӦòûпܣǽԶˮȲ˽
ȻûУδûֶΡңΪ꣬һţԽһֻҪת֮䣬贫ţȫԿٿԽ֮ľ롣ȻȽ鷳ȴδزһܺõİ취
ڴ׾ͬǴڵġÿһ򣬶Ȼţŵĳ֣ճ洩γɵġÿУţж١Բ̫ࡣͨôᳬʮָ֮ҪҵȻҲ¡嫺Ϊӣ嫺УҵŲǷֱɢڸ½أ֮ϡǺϡ
ǰ
Ҳǲֵ̽ǰͨĽУ˵ֻǱڰ̽еĸռ鱨ȴʱΪҪ鱨ѶϢΪսס
ȻЩǺ󻰡
սֱԽΪλκɨȥûԾԵ뷨һ죬ͳΣǿԱݻٵġһݻ٣ɵĺǾ̫أȻԸ
δزԽ˿ڡҪġ
ȻҪȷͼһӶҵȷĵ·
УŮŸָ滨ݡҹͬǵƻͨСУ̷ƼƷгۣлһıϺӻ裬Ϻӻ貢ȸѷɫõϺӻⷽƳĻ裬ú󣬿޲Դ׳һǰһȫΪЧ
Ϻӻɲ򵥡Ůȴѡ
ΪϺӻϺӳϺӳŮӷµ̥̣Ѱ˼ңǶģŮͬŮˣڷ󣬻ὫϺӳռҸطȻٴĸȡˮȥҪ˶ãϺӳͻѿ磬ϺӻϺӻʣµӤһɳģֻе껪Ż᳹׳ɣ֮ÿ궼Ὺ»꣬ƳϺӻ衣Ӥز۵ĻϺӻҲſήԵʮֵ档
Ϻӻ裬Ҳʮֿز
񷣬ͬԴ൱
ÿṺһ
Ҳһ£һƷ󣬰Ը̾컯֮档
ϺӳΪ컯֮ŮŮӻУϣ컯ĸ֮ضȴǴ̥֮ϺӳνϺӳĸΪ컯֮֮£컯֣У̺컯֮֮νв֮ʡ
ֻ⻨裬ŮӺȲá
Ʒ䣬ѾȻϺӻİء⻨Уɴд֮ȥӣͣ컯ɶŮӣ纮̹ǣֻҪһʲô¡ⶫмɻġ
ҲŮеĶزȷʵ֡
ҪĹؼŮС
ȱһɡ
һҹ޻
նɢڰ
֪Уἴʼ
ƣƣ
ʱԶһмǿĴ͸ң̶ʮööУһĪ
ʲô
쿴ǴŮġ
Ϸɡ
ͨǡ𽣡
ںУסӷ׷߳סķݣ̧ۿߣһ˿˿֮ɫԵʮ𾪡Ȼܿߣֻ𽡣һ棬ϣվһս׵ĻŮȷһַ֮һ۾ܿһͨĻ
ˡ
ӧ¶һĨϲɫ˵٣ȻǲμᣬڴϿߣΪһεᣬӣˡŮУһˡ֪ܷۡܵ
ŮרݣŮŮеһǿΪտңÿһһĽΪսǿиɱﵡ
ȻŮҪܱѡУһ졣
ѡңѡѽ
ӢգȺʣһܱѡС
۾ˣһڴ֮ɫ
ԶѾϿʱ͸ӵļ˷ܡԼϾܿ˵еŮˣ֪Ǻεȵ̬
˼
пҲһĨȤζ
ʦȻŮǾ飬ĻҲ·ý֦ʲô⡣
ڳһϣȻܿʦͽҲվڳС
ʱУѾִһƿȻԿһͷڵŮӡһ˲ֱӡ
ֻһӰѾӣĿɿڴ˼Ľ
أ
ʱйâһ·һڰСֻһ룬ͻָ
ã֮ǰء
ˣʦ֣ʦץˡ


1889 
ˣʦ֣ʦ֣ʦץˡɳҲڴƺܿ˿˿֮ɫ
ãǻǰμӸ°ˡ
ӴƶʥɮҲ°ˡ
ɶ̫ɶˡȻôֱ̫սһҪǿս
еŮĿãһֱŭĿţ¶ŭı飬Ⱥ鼤ܡȻϳո°߳ӵʲôˡǷǵ޵С
߾
ǺĿ¶⣬һϺȵҪˣոյô£ǻʲô֪ţʥȥ֡
Уһ˿ŭ֮ɫ
Ȼǰǿ°ˣڴ
˭ֻ֪ŮǿŮĸΪֽ磬ŮĸΪֽ紦ս֮
ӧɫѿ˵
ŮУҲһֽɣƽʱᶼһ¡
ҲǸĸͨĸӵĺˮģãȫŮԣȫһȫŮ
ŮȱӣУͬȱӡ
ŮȻãϾǹķУһЩŮס̶ʱڣ;ľѪݣΪһѿݹǡǿ׳Ҳһصġǰ׹ڣ
λ°ӵĿģȻԶ׼ġ
ǻǲЫӾ
۾һתͻȻѯʵ
ȻǣأԲЫӾ
ʱУȻܿŮ˳ϸֳһĨ֮ɫȻû뵽һξȻᷢıʡȥŮһ޴Ӱ졣
ЫӾһжˡ˵Ĳһ
Ҳ¶֮ɫ૵
ԬգôԬա
վһԣ⼸ӰУͻȻһĨɫԺиֳһӰſھͳǺӺ
˭ڽаԬ
ǺʶĻͷУбһ
У¶ɻ֮ɫƺڻ䣬ǲǰ档ֻǣԺôûӡҲ¶֮ɫæϵʥա
Ǻǣ͵ûȤһȥһζЦһ£漴
ߣ°߰ʦʲô粻磬죬ԲĹӱķһŭ漴˵ߣɳ㿴񣬵ǻ
¼䣬֮Ϊһ⣬ץͳŶƿնȥȻҪȥˡ
汾һǰһΣԲûóѡ
ŮĿãͬûԥϵ´ּ䣬ٴ̤׷ϹȥŮڱ°ٵģҪûκαʾĻǴȥͬҪһɶ
ֺãҲһա
Ц˵¼䣬һ䣬һ̤Ѿգôһǰȥÿһܿʱ͵һٶȿ쵽˲ŵĵز
գۼ䣬׷Ůķ֮ǰЦЦֱ̤һֻ𽱳ϡ
漴תͷл˵Ů²ĳ͵ɡò֪ڣһߴ򡣡Ŀڷпһۡ
еľ޲١
ΪŮУʮ죬ò͸ڵӾŮһģһˣҪӵƯϵֹӵŨ˿󣬾ͺȴǣ˺Ѳס
ܹһͬǰȻ֮á𽲻㣬һǰУȻԡŮЦŵͷ𽡣
ʮָ߽࣬һ£ǲվԼıϣǻҷӦģʮֿܣԸϣǲᣬվȥᷢͻ
ĸӦǿȻˣеݣȻ򵥡һǿߡ
ңŮ޷еΪﵽʲôΣϣ·һĪǰһ뿴ϾһͱԪ񾳡Ȼֻ¶ѡҪˣǲǰ׳ա
׵Ѵ
ŮУв¶һ˿֮ɫ̲סѯʵ
гʱãԽǹ۲죬Խ˸оغ棬ɲ⡣ԽһҪ˽ĳ嶯
ŮУܽӴӣָ
һ𣬾ͶƲסˡ
޶ķѣΪԵΪߵǼҡʱ޾ΪĿ꣬ḻš
ȻһЦ
ȻǶ˵ѡ
ˣΪﵽʲôΣŮǷ֪
׵ת˻⡣
Ǻܺġ
أܶŮ̫вǣǰһʱĵŮϵħǽ˳һɢɳħһʵѾŮֻƾĸӣħϮǲħ뾳ڣӶΪѪʳ
˵ŮȻʮŭ
֮࣬˺˯ֱײ
⵹ҶӺ棬ϣҸеʧ
еȻһЦ
ʱĴ֣ȻԿҰ֮ǰһյ죬ЩյȻƯգϣһһǳءУݺᣬȫܸ̺ܵı壬ɱ¾а⡣
УҲħ
еĸյÿһͬһɳǰ㣬סŴħ֡ҵõ鱨Уĸյһһǿʱƶս
Ůɫص˵
⸡յĴڣʼնвŮҪ֮һ
ĽǲǱѣյڲıǬŴħҪʱܻΪֲս
ʱһҵĺ𡣿µĲڼ
һನܱߵƲʶ
顣
Ů콫ʦҪȻٽ
һ
ȻܿУӰɱһ
һ֮ǰ׷ϹȥĺӣһһɫۣкȻһںɫᦣϴߵӰɱһԵʮֵļҡ
ɫÿһ񡣰µĿռ䶼Ťʮֺˡɽǰһҵķѣֻǻźɫᦣ֧ҵںϣ·һ㣬е޷ͱһߡһ˸յζ


1890 
Ȼһ㣬һΪʵȻѾﵽ龳ʮǿţԷǱѰͨжۿȥһĨɫܽ龳飬Գ֮Ϊǿߡν̤ǿֵ֮С
ҪߵһΣԵҪͬҪؼǣʣܹ֧ŽһΣһжǿ̸ѡܴ˳жȡ飬һжȻ
ܽ飬һʵȻȻǵС
ҿΡ
һ䣬кڰ⽻ã˸עŻһ۵ǿڿʱɸоһŨŨڣڸ塣
ǰҽ̨ĸٴɱ䣬ۻҪǿһԶϤԴ
ӵŨ
漴ֱӵǰɢһա¶ӰһǣҲһĨɫаȻĸţѹܹ龳Ǹʱ䣬龳δػǾͷ٣̨Ҳһܹл֤á
ǰģȻһصӰ
ͬһö޴ĻɫѣϳԳֻǣûͷû۾ûбͣûж䣬δٵĻһд˵缦ӡ˵ľ
ԭ֮һеĻ硣
顶쾭ϻľأɣ״Ȯë㣬ƤצĿвţ֪ԣиأгֱʳежִ֮׵ƾ֮Ϊ硣վΪզβЦ
ڡׯӡƪӦߡׯϳ¡ԭģϺ֮Ϊٿ֮Ϊ֮Ϊ硣ٿʱڻ֮أ֮ơٿı֮£Ի˽ʳϢ˶У֮һϣն
Ļǻ硣
ݹżأϲڱ˵񣬺¡֮Ա˵ľ
ףκһ֮ǿ˵֤ǱлԵдˣΪϴܣ¡
˿̣սһȫܹĳּ䣬һִݡеǿںɫҷУ·һ޷Ƶıǵϵǿûа취ƿᦣ䵽ϡ
һһ֮䣬һδαǽԭȵµȥ
ӣƽϣȻԼҪǱͳȫ㡣
Ц³һ
Уڵı¶һɱ⡣
𣡣
ٴνͬʱкһҡʱͿһɫĻӺһ֣ͷıǣٽܱ򳹵ڣ·һӣΪһƬǿ֮׽ȫסһ֣Բ򣬳׸֮¡
򣬾ǻ
Уӣ˲仯ΪһƬ𺣡
治򵥣ǻǻᦣıпֲܹͨԻԡɻᦷĻ棬ǻǾǻסֹʮֱǻأ
ã򣬿
Ŀⱻֺ˲͸ܵһǿѹ֮ϣ·ʩһµļʵڼ£˲䱻ѹɣԽԽء붼룬һ䣬ϽһȻ䣬һɢȥ֮ռ䶼Ť
ֳһֿµĻ档Уܸܵһֱɡ
򣬿֮Уκεˣܵ񱩵Ӱ죬Ӱס顣ȴУ׽񱩣һʵ
ھıԵȫܿռ䶼Ťײڽ棬ڱ˴˿⡣
ֻõĿⷽڶԷУֻп򣬲ܲܵӰ졣мɱĿܡ
պ壬񱩣
ôûſȫܽܵģ¶ſڷһȣȻǣΪϰɣǧɡϸǱһɫ⣬ϵϢ˲䱩ǡѪ񱩡ֱϣӿһ̣ɢϢ֮ǰ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ɫѪ̰𡣷ĺŻҪ򳹵ױ
Ͽͨ
˲䷢췭ظı仯
ѷɫת磬ʵսѾ龳ӱ;񾳵ΪټΪսɲκ龳ѷɫ
һĨɫ˵ӻ龳ֻǣսɲѷɫ
ɱ
ɫ𺣡һ֮£ѡ·κεµᱻ飬ǿɱ촷ۡ
ֻǣӿ£ǵأϵĻΪ̬һʱɻߣһʱΪԣֳֻȵȣУɸǱҲ˲Ϣͻָ
ֻһ˲䣬ͳױ渲֡ڻ֮С
ãֻ²ǻĶ֡
ŮĿã¶֮ɫﲻŮûа취ֱӵŮˣ֮ͬ޷ûа취Ǻӡ
𼱣Ǻûô׻
ЦЦ˵
ǻȷʵ൱İԵֻǣӵĵҲϲ֪ϣһɫսףսȻɢһ⣬ǿи⣬俿һ۾ܿսףǷƷУϣ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼһö⣬һ⻷⣬ҵײһ
Ȼһʱ̣֧ŵȥ
ܶŻ𣬳Żɱȥƣޱȡ
ѵȤˣҲܲ֡
ƽĿһս˫кڰ˸
һںڰɫļƾճգһ룬ֱӻΪһһ̫Գսƿնգлĺڰ׹켣·̺ĳĵϡ
һķ֮ϯء


ڰء
ںڰ֮Уһţ㴩С

ۡ
Ѿ˵һ鱦ͨ
νͨ
̺ˮǴߡѾﵽ˼ĲΡ
ֵ˲䣬һɵı鵱ͱˡ൱ѿƿնԣ붼룬ᦿҡ
¡¡
޾Ļɫˮǵصӿ֣⣬׸ڡˮޱȣžҪԳû


1891 
ˮǻˮдݻһУΪ޵ĿԣܹʴһУʴһУʮְԵͨУҲᱻˮʴûȥͺʯͷһֻἤһ˻ͳĥҲκηˡֻǣ˫ԣѾ鱦ɱͨ졣Ȼˮĺˮ൱£ʮְԵôƿյٶȴ󽵵ͣ
ֻû˫Գͣ٣ٶȱʮֵľˡ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿƿˮڻǰ
ܵ˫ɢķâһǿҵΣԴԴϵĳԺС
ԻǿҲ붼롣еĻֱӳǰһչᦷٱǣգۼ䣬ͽ⳹׻Ƹ
·һӻΪһɫĴ롣װܲ͸磬޷϶
꣡
һУ˫ͳŴȥ
һ·ضҪ˺ѳһѷ죬ռԿѺۡµ£Ҫ֪磬һĴɱÿռѾ൱£Ҫÿռ˺ѳѺۣǾһ棬֮£Զضھ޴ƻˡ
֪һεȵİԵֲ
˰ԵֻɫϣȴһĻⲻ˸ڲã״·һö޻ǡеķâȻսȥֱⲻϰɢλá
ĻᦡһĨɫһ̾
ɢ¶Ӱ
ж𺳡
ᦼֱǹһ壬鱦Уޱǿһ֣£ԻݻͨأܻΪ̥ĤƲ̥Ĥ޷˺䱾塣
Ǽڲܵľء
ͬоһ󾪺˲ǺͲһ㣬ƿ̥Ĥ䵽Լϣַâµ£鱦УҲǾԵĶɱܹͨп硣
ո°ߵȫһδһల£ĳֻ֣ܳʱ򣬿ɾ޷ˡһ³һ
ߣ
¶һ˿ãЦ˵ڱĵ̣Ҳſ񣬿̫Ҳͷ
ЩȷʵǱ°ٵģҪñǾͿûı¡ƾոһͨȻȴκβ˱
ȻоеΪʮǿ󣬿ȴη塣
˳֮ĹΧڣĴڣʱԵħʱضܷӳԶսһ仰ոտɲȫսУҸκ˲ɱΪ̫Ѿֲ
ң°ٹͻȥǼֱǿЦΪ¹Լ棬ζ״ӦЭοҲûһսʵ
ʹ˭˭
ܺãȻˣǾͳһս
оһԾԾԣһսȻȻӿֳѾܾûԶˣȻ˵ûУֻǣû綯֣ط磬ϵɱһΣѵĶ֣Ҫ˼ݣ޼ɵĽս
ָоȻѵá
ǵ̨龳
û뵽ռˣڳǰľͽΪȫ龳ΣԱΪ֣ԵֵסǲսѹɲҪġ
ѵȤȻҪúôһ
ףɲġ
Ȼʮֲ򵥡
ڻ¼䣬ûгɣֱǰ̤һնһ̤£һһ·˰ܲɢϢ˲䱬Ȼûбȴɽ㣬޷ֱӡ
ּ䣬һöɫӡ£շ𣬿ٳŻѹȥ
ͨӡ
ӡϣɫɢء
ӡϣܿöǳͬʱ˸ÿһöӡɢ˲䱩ǣֱͨӵϵԽǿսԽ£ӡϳֵǳԽ࣬ζţӡƷԽߣԽǿ
е˿Ѿﵽת֮
ת̨֮ǿߡǸոս룬һѪսԱա񷡣
ڣ̺Ѿﵽʮһ൱һ֪̺εȿ¡ѹΪֻʩչ൱תǧ
ԽǿͨԽǿͨԽǸɳģǱ
ܿӡܱߵգۿɼٶŤ
ձӡ·ܿĸɫѹļ֮ӡâǵռ䶼·𳹵ױҲ޷ҡֺ
ǿÿµӡΪѾﵽתͨնѹƺѹ̫Եˡ
ŮĿúҲɵĵһеʣȴޱȳңеӰһĲͨͨľ
һĪ
ÿµͨ׵ģǴðġ
ԱߣһֻҲŵӶҪɳоԼҪǴڹ£ֻһ¾ͻᱻҳ࣬ƬҶʣ¡

·޾ʱеĳ૲ջص
µĻооǰһڣ·ضҪܳ׻ΪһĿռ䣬Ӳס
ˮ
£ԥлٴλ裬ˮ˲両֣žͳӡĳȥˮУЯϴˢ־龳ͨУԸԣͨ飬һдΰ
¡¡
ˮӡײһ𣬶ʱͷ·Ǹһ޴Ĵɽײһҵĺ𣬻ˮҪӡĥӡȴҪˮѹȥ
ÿһ̣ܿھ
ӡϣһööǳӡǲϱÿһαӡһһĺˮǿѹȥ
ֻǣˮѷɫһһÿһǰǿ׺ټ̵ĵ̰ӣҪǰ壬
ߴα󣬿µĺˮǿѹȥӡҲˮĴ룬漴ͱֱӱ
ӡ
ٴǰ̤һйâһ·г޾˲仯Ϊһھ޴ӡӡУӡһ֣͸ֳһͳ׵־


1892  
ףףѪףħףаסָ׶һöӡпָܵоܿؼһеףһöӡСӡУ̺ľһ鲼ָ׵磬һԴݻһУһ硣һ֣ͷ·췣
ǿһǿ
ӡֺ˲ͿٷŴ󣬱աеĹ߶ס
һ׵̺ǧĿսһӾͳѺۡ·ǲ㣬һѺڿӣ֧飬޾¡
ȣ
ͫзһϺȡȻ䱩ǣͬʱеĻҲűǣУ޴Ļᦿʼҡ
һҡھ𶯡
ҡǵصĻ֮糱ˮϯ·һƬڻ¸֣ĳӡϯȥ
ڱ£ڻ磬һжҪ飬һжҪ𡣻ض޹⣬ǳ
糱ϫӡײһ𣬼һ룬µĻ֣ӡУ籩糱ϫ糱ϫ˺һˡУػˮ磬·ٵһ㣬ȻЩٵĿռ䣬һͱ飬»Ϊ磬û糱ϫø͡
磬֮ĸİһСҲһС
Ȼ糱ϫĻ֮Լͬģеֻ΢ѷɫһѡ糱ϫ̫ԵˣԵӡ棬Ȼ𵴳ϫóϫϷɾ޷״ݻ٣ݻٲˣ޷в
¡¡
һ룬ӡȻը˲䱬糱ϫУǾͺһɵĳϫХȻӲ糱ϫܿɢ顣ûҲʶˡ
ɱ
ںȺһ̾ǰ̤һᦺٴҡһƬ͵Ļ糱ϫϯǰһƬɡƺκɫʡǻ棬ֲ
ûбϰߣȻǵˣǾֱȥ
¡¡
ʱвûã⽻Ȼ䣬𵴣ܿһ޴Ĵĥƾճ֣ĥһһףһ֣Ϳʼֱ˳ʱ룬ʱ벻תת䣬ĥм䣬ת·һµγɣȻĽһȫϯȥ
ۡĥ
һ֣ͨײ糱ϫУ֮ĥɽȥӲ飬Ϊһ֮Ľգ·һӣ͵ضʼתתµת
Ǭڶ
УѾ۳˳ɣδ׽ʱȻûпĳ̶ȣһ㡣ǿϸʩչ̨Ρͬ鱦㡣ǿƥײȥ糱ϫбѹļ
ǻһδλᦣûĥת䣬ԴԴϵ쫷绷⡣һУһС⣬ѹϱá
ĥ޿ƥе̬ŻײȥһײҪ䳹顣
ܣ
޷ţеͨȻѹסԼĻ糱ϫ鱦ʩչĹǵ̨ҳһսȴ޷ĥ̡
𾪣Ӧȴ˿һʱͽᦳһӡʱٴλΪһö̥Ĥңĳĥײȥ
¡¡
һײһĥײһ𣬿µĺ˲䱬ܱգֱըѣһѿֲĿռ籩˷ɢܣһյ죬ϵɡĥ̥Ĥͬʱɳȥ
ۣ
ܣħͬһʱ䣬׷ױõѪ
߼սвನ̺ѾһܳܵġԱ߹ս̺żǿΣգǵҲǲܵġ
ǿѾ龳ĲΡ
˭ǰôû˵ǿߣ˵ӦĬĬţĴܼǿߡ
Ůϵıʮء
еԽӵĺ
ôû뵽һε¼Ȼôһǿߡ
Уٴθ֣ոյײУлڣûյˣֻǣϵأԽӵŨеĿ⣬
㵽˭
ѯʵ
˭ҪҪǽ˽
ƽ˵
ҪˣϧѾˡ
΢΢ҡͷЦ˵ˡ
ʲô˼
Ůæ׷ʵ
ڣҲ֪
һеˣһ֣ȻܿУһ޴ĸյԶƶܿյյ󣬴ʮֹ
ڵϣܸܵӴ˻ۣй֡
һ֪Ĺڡ
ڵϣûκνȻеĽʵڵڲġ
ҲʲôûС
һ˸Ȼܿһ޴ļ̳ڵ롣ֺ̳ҲԿ̳ϣŴ꣬Ǳģ֮ǰŮ°ߵӡ
Щˣȫϼ̳ס
̳ϣصķڲ˸һصɣ·йϵļϿԽʱմݶͨδ֪صĴڣ˲һȻ
˿¡
̳Ҫʲô
ĿãжʱֳһĨ֮ɫаԸоһԤС
̳ȻΪ˼ڡ
ڼ̳£˵
ʲôҪյǼƷ룬׼˭аô㵱Ůɫ䣬롣ڼȥҪҡ
ǲ̡
壬ɱޣɱ壬ΪʲôͲɱ壬ΪƷɱˣܹƽ쾭塣ûǱֺδ֮СܳΪһλΰڵļƷǵҡһӵҫ
˿˵
˿ɱˣٹƽ顣ûκȨָǡ
仰˵ŮһԣУ޷ָ
ĲͬվϣûдվϣҲûдûжԴǾֻǿֻȭͷ󣬾ǵʵǿ塣
գҡ
ڼ̳ϣȻܿڼ̳ϣȻҲǱ䵱ƷݡҪ׼ʱˣæſں
ߣξҪΪΰĴܡ죬˭Ȳ㡣
Ц˵
ߣ
Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫ֮ǰûз֡
ѪΪƷΪ֮棬ʥ


1893 
ʲôʥ
׼ȻҪ׼ʮΪƷĹΪƷҪʲô
֮棬֮˭Ĵôֻ˵ʥŮλۣۿ붫̫һʦʦû˵ʲô֮档˭
ܣǺӻŮ𵴵ͬʱҲһɻ
˽⵽ģУû˭ʸ֮Ϊ֮棬ǵۿ붫̫һҲУǿԳ֮ΪۣȴԲԳ֮棬ŮҲˡִֻǬԪǿߣʸôҪĹ
֮棬⻹û˭˵
ǺӣˣҲû˵
ھȻҪ֮棬ʩչʥ
һ㣬ǾͿԿ϶Ȼ֮ôһλϴܴڣңпǣʱʷ֮µߴڡ
ߣԬգô¡
΢΢һü̳ϵĺУҲٳźѯʵѾԿ϶ӾԬաǵħսϼһĲԺֻΪʲôеʥȷʵЩɻ󡣲ڻŪеݲźá
߿ɲһִе˾ǣҪһǳشֱд飬ߣ죬õˣ⣬˶гɾһΰҵΪһ콾ľ޴Ǳ
ӿУҲǰɻ󣬲Ϊʲô֪Լݡ
ûʱȥЩæ˵ȷʵߣƲ˵Ϊߺ󣬾ͱӶᣬΪ洫ӡʦк棬һΣǾۼһ𣬾Ҫ֮·̫Ӷȡ£һε·ܻȡһɹ¡ǿֱΪġд󹦡
һ̣ûٳ˵
һԪ֮ԻоĹ£ǲ˵ȡŷ𷨣й£ǣһΪĳЩԭձ飬飬Ҳɢ֮䣬еĹУ֮飬һ֮·֮ʱȻضԣصϹ¡
ܻȡĹ֮Ȼ޷Ӵ
еʦͽɷ档
ȻһԪ顣
ԪУںϣһĻ磬࣬һؼ䣬ȷʵҲһƵǿ˿κһѷɫֻڲ״̬
һɹ۵Ļؼ䣬һκν򣬶пֱ⴦򣬳Ϊѷɫھ첿ݵһޣþ첿ݣɱʮ첿ݡ
Ȼ飬˭ܹġ
Ҫжص
ȾʮˣҪģûǾ֮·ϣҲܳɹ飬۳Ρ
ƲʮˣӾǾд󹦵һλֻҪܹϣ֮ˣ˭ԣ٣ûУҪġ
ȻеĹУǽֻһͿԣ滹ҪĶ
ʲôЩֻ֮·˲ʲô
ƲȻʮˣߡ
Ҳһֲӿ֡
ȻҲû뵽ƲȻʲôʮˡɲһܹġʮˣʮתÿһζˣңСƣĴˡʮԸ춯ء񶼲
첻˵ʲôΣգܵӡ
һԣǲģһˣǱȻΪؼµĴħ
ðһˣǾȫˡ
Ӵ
Ҫ׼ģʮˡ
ȴ˿û⣬Ȼ֮ǰѾ֪ƲʮˣҪʮˣ׼ΪʥҪƷ
Ѿʼ޷ֹ׼ΰ֮棬Щ˵ҡ
ٴ˵
Уһ
ڻ¼䣬ȻͿ̳ϣصļ糱ˮ㸡֣ͬʱ̳УһŽɫĻƾո֣̳ȫڣֽȥƲҲ⡣ǻ棬ʥǻ棬ŹءڻУܿӰڼݣڼ档ϵļڼ̳лصлص

Ҳ
ңҡ
Ӻ϶ҪʼȫµҸȻҪô΢ȥҲİ
̳ϣ־壬ŭʵ˻ϴ
һ룬ͿһڻлΪҽȻΪصļĴӻзɳüԽӵĺƴɢĽԽӵŨǡ·һͨ⣬ֱӳ
棬ʥУֻҪǼƷ׼޿ɵֵԿܡ
ҲʰߣΪʲôҵ졣
Ʋ¶һĨǿҵĲʡ
ûԼ˾Ȼǻᱻ룬ƷֱЦ˵󲻹Ҫܹܵˡ
ȫܽܡ
ϧˣβʣʥɲᣬ˲串ܿڻУۿɼٶɢΪļƷ
ͬʱУһӴˣ糱ˮӿ̳С
еĹˡù׼һ˺ľǵھǲҲӭ֮֡˭޷赲ѡ
Ȼù˼룬ǹһעȫûиԼκεĺ·
Ϊľһμ롣
ˡ
пŭץס֣һ졣
ɼкεȷŭ
¡¡
ʥ׿
εļ·һӣĳصϵ
ԿϿգͻȻ䣬Ťһƾճ֡
ܿһޱߵĳӡ޷ӵжж೤ҲʲôطҪȥηĿõ˲䣬һ磬ȫڳӵ֮¡
ڳУ档
ؼĸָĻ棬ÿһʵڣÿһѾڷ
ʱա
ʱճӣǴ˵еʱճӡ
ôʱճô
ڿӵ˲䣬һѶϢȻȻĳԺУ׵ӵǴ˵еʱճӡᴩȥδˡ
δˣڣΨһȥʷ
˿̣ʱճصļ£ܿʱճӷ·ȥĵٵȥ
·ܿݱ䣬ĵǿںϵĻ档ʱգڵת·ϡ


1894 ضϼԪ
֮棬ʱճ֮УңʱճӵĹȥôܡͫȴӿֳ޾𺳣оκӿֲ²̫ˣ̫ɲҪ֪ǽʱճӣһܹġҪܵģѹ޾ѹ
ʱճӣڣκθı䣬Ȼʲô⣬ֻҪʱճӵѹҪǰȥδҪҪܸӿµѹ
ѹ
ҪعȥǾпܶǰʷɸı䣬ǳӦʿǿߵ˷ı䣬пԭǻʵۣʷıֱӱؤⲢϡ档
ûԸԼĪд
Ȼ˻Ը⣬˭ԼͻȻûˡ
ͬһʱΣԼĪͲˡ
ԣһʱճоͻӴ־赲ʩӵѹ·ɽ麣ХԽǰԽǾˣÿһܵѹǶǵµ¡
ϵѶȡ
һֵסǻᱻޱѹ˲ѹ壬ǳУ١ֿν൱ҡ
ڣǼֱʱճӵĻ棬ϵȻǳŹȥȥԷʱճӵΡ
Ŀ⿴ա
ҲֻŮ
Ľǿ߶иӦ̧۾ܿгֵ컭档Ŀú󣬶ӿֳ޾ľ
һ죬˭ȻٻʱճӡôܣʱճӲ˭ٻģû֤Ϊ磬ʸûУʱճӳ֣Ҫˡ⶯
Уһⲻ˸Ȼͷڸ֡
ʱճӣؼ䣬ΰһӣ˳ӣҲʱճѷɫǴʱճ֮¡
ǿÿ£Ϣϣܸܵһ޾Ŀ־壬ܿ⣬޷ֵֻܳ
룬ǼҪʲôǾȻŪ˿ֲĻ棬Ҳ̫ˡ
£˵ĻӺǰʼ׼ʲôû뵽ȻŪôһҪʲô
ǿ߽Ŀעӹա
嫵ʱճӡ
Щ˵ʵ򲻹գ֮顣
Ŀ£ʱճϡ·ӵõָٴϡ֪ȥã·ܿںϣܿشֱ䣬ܿ绹ûںǰĵܿϷʱҲܿϵʷ
ʱ

Ȼ䣬ʱճӷ·ͻȻߵһͷ
ǲǾͷǼԪս뿪ʼ
һԪԴͷ
ԪԴͷ뿪ʼ
˵ʱճϣû˭ڴ˿̣ȴܿʱռԪԴͷȻһ𺳵Ļ档

ڼԪʼʱճϿգ·йϵ𣬻ʱյĽޣݵе˵Ķߣȫܸ̺ܵһܸܵεѹһֽϢĸо

̫ž
ÿһɢϢȻͬ
ֱ𴫵ݳ磬ףľˮÿһݳͬʼϢ˿ѷɫÿһ·֤ǿ߻Ҫ¡
ֹϵǿһۣܸܵ޾ѹϯķ
Ǿ̫֮·޷ݡֻҪԸ⣬ͿԳء
ǿ߸е𾪵ǣ̫Ȼֻá
ϣֱһ׳ɫһͷȻһ޴ս
һĻ֪öǿ߷󾪺ǾĿǰֵĻ档
̫Ϣ̫ÿһս޷ÿһͳһһ㡣ͳرԴôʱճӾͷ
쿴̫ϣȻѵǱ˭ץշ˲ɡշǵģֽʲôǿڡҲ̫ˡ
ս̫Ȼֻġʲôսǿ󣬵ѹ־޴ѹȸС
¡¡
ۣѹ˷ʱճӣҲƺҪǸѹȥܲκβ
ֲǣɾ̫ں޴սս棬ۻʵӰϵӿ֣սϷֳ޴󻪸ǣǶǣ˿˿ԡֻһ֣еط򶼺ȻֹͣתʱճӶ
սϣۻʷۻ޸裡
ۿ裡
һδʷս
ܿսϣһɫ۵ӰӰΰƴ󣬶սϣܸܵ޾ѹԽʱյĽޣֱӱӰܸоµѹڣ궼ڴݳʹ֮С
սңߣһϽɫսìսìϸֳж֣ұͬһսìһɫսìսìϸֳħ֡
ǰȻԿһڽɫսֲǰͺսսϣֳɫĵƣʮֿţ֮ĵһְ
ÿµս
пһǿսֻһۣ͸оһεĵ⣬ԽʱնԼڣҪкֻ꣬£һ£Բ̫ܡ
⡭˭
ȻʱճӾͷ˭̫ѹʱճӡ̬жš
ǿ̲סһܵзĲ
ǻ棬̫¡
ĳҪ־
һ̣ǾǿߣҲĽĿ⿴ʱյľͷǵӰһֳĬ𾪣
ǾҲӰȡ
ԺʶĸֳһͷһԽʥ˵εǿߡѾﵽѹʱյĿ¾ء
ħսϣ̧ۿʱվͷľ̫ȻĽԴ

ĴڣĻš
ʱվͷ
һϵĻϴʮֵĸ
󱲼֮棬¼ĽʥأѪԸһУ׷㼣ǣ׼ҵȷͥ
ĿǵӰ붼룬ֱӳż̳ȥϵĵ档
һȡǰδУȫܹĸо
֪֮棬ǣΪѪӵдм䣬ѪԴͷǴж֪Щʱ޿̲ţǰͥǣǲʥأʥϵʥǡ
׼
·һϵʱվͷڼ̳Ͽա
ţͿʱճϣս֮һ϶嫵Ǵӳð˳


1895 ٹ 
棬֣޷®ɽĿҲ޷⣬жֻڳ˲䣬һѹԪĹϢأʱճӶΪ֮ţ޷ˡֻĵŷֱڶĸλÿһţֻܸܵͻǰ·ܿء
һȻֳμϣֳһ׭ġϣ
ͥţǵš
ৣ
ųʱһĸоȻˣ磬ţʱճӡһ貵İɫ⣬ᴩʱճӣֱӳϡ·һ̣Ѿǿйᴩʱճӡ嫵ĽϿաεǣȻȻĳ֡
л͡
Ŀãϴϲ̲סٴߵݡ
Ȼվܣȵ岿ڣȫ󸡿յգҵȾҪʥأǰ֮棬ڣ
лһ˿
ˢˢˢ
Ȼ䣬ܿεΰ˲һյЩյ˳ѿķ϶ֱӳ𣬳ڽУ˳Ž⣬һ·ʱճӣϣĹУȻûжκѹٳƿնȥ
һһ
ĸյȫ
Ҫٹǰʥء
ܱеĸеǿߣҲ̲סһĿɿڴоĵ𺳡
ٹǾٹ
֮棬ͥ⵽ʲôǰôû˵
оȻ˴ܣضϼԪѹʱճӾͷǺεȵΰǺεȵΰ󡣼ֱǳ󡣡
ǿ߰಻סеļȫܹףľٶǶôĲ˼顣䱳Ӱ
ɷǡ
һĴڣ׷иֳһ̾
ʱվͷǶ޷ġҪԽȥҲᱻ
ǣɢǶоһǿҵĿ־塣ǾԲһͨǣǾѹΰǣƺܴиܵϢ
Ůһ仰
һյȥĸճǣҲǻĸճǣѾʼʱճӷȥһ̣ȴŮ˵ĸӿ񣬲ԽĸӣԽĥǲ취ĸӵŮȻ˲γһ䡣ǺΪ֮
Уĸӣżļ顣Բһ򵥵ĺõĴۣǣиεԭǣ̫Ǻ¡ҲʱıΪҪǣʥصĸԭ
ʲô
Ůüͷ΢΢ڿľٶһĸоƺȲҪĸӵԽ룬ԽǸоˡ
ֻǣе⣬Щ⡣
ֻǣȻٻش⡣ܿյѾշʱճУҪǰǡ
ʱվͷǣ֮棬ѹԪʱաһᣬۿʱվͷԪĿʼʲôĴС
йâ˸Ժһʲϸ֡Щɻ󣬳飬ӿֳ޾ĺ棬ŸյʱճӣʱճӼ˲䡣ڣһ
ǧѷĻᣬǰȥһһԣһʱվͷȥ
ϣ漴ʱճӣ붼룬һԥ̤˳ȥһ·ǻǹ죬ֱӿʱճС
˽ʱճӣҪʲô
ʱճӿɲͿԽģһ̤ȥʱпʱճУʧȥҲҲ·
ʱճӿɲܽȥġΪʱճУУ·Ҳ֪ôġʱʱյϮ
ƫƫȻ˸ô
𾪹𾪣ʱճѾ䲻ҲֺáʱճΪļ֣Ҳʧ䡣ǵĿѾɡ
ʱճӡ
гʱճӣ͸оһͬˮϢУ·һӣؼѹϣҪԼʱճС
ڣѹ޷ֵǴڵʱУûκξٶѹֻ΢ʱ̡
һԾʱճг˳̤ʱճ֮ϣ̧ۿԶȻܿһ貵Ľ⣬ǣżԪ֮ȥٶ֮죬˾֮̾ʱճӶûƺԳͨ裬޼ɡ
Ҫκεѹ
׷ȥ
һ䣬ԥ̤ͳڵλô̤˳ȥ
¡¡
һ̤͵ʱճС
̤ȥ˲䣬һѹֱӳϣ·ͬʱʼʩѹжϣصȥһͺͨ쫷ӭϮĸо񱩵㡣ңӽµʱճУݳһ֮ƺҪȥڴҵʱС
ѹǿܳܡ
иܵϳֵѹһûѹڿԳܵķΧ֮ڡסĲ
֪УѾʱճϿһξ롣
ÿǰһϵѹٴӡѹÿʱÿ̶ڣʱ޿̲ڽʱճӡ
¡¡
ͬʱܿһƾն𣬳ӭХ·һ룬Ҫ׽ھУ̺嫵ʱ֮һ䵽ϣʴһΪĥ
ӡƣ
нŲּͣ䣬һöӡѾ֣˲Ŵǹʱվײȥ
飡
޴ĺУ˱һӡ俪ǿҳһ·дǰ
֮ģһľˡ
ÿһɶǰһӰԵ
ܼʱ˳
ԲԸ˷عȥǴ۸ʷ
ͨӡ
ӡ
ӡ
Ѫӡ
ӡ
ӡ
̫ӡ
һͨһֿ񱩵̬һؾƿϣӿֳɫѪȻȻתѪУһҼʱеĸۣ԰ݣ̤¹Ž
Ҫϣ˭Ҳ衣
췢һϺȡ
컯֡ն콣
ì
һͨǿƿһ·
ڴǰС
ԽǰԽࡣ
УҲоʱᱻ
ʱ仳ռţѹʱաǰС
΢üʱ仳ռͬʱ֣ߺһѹʱաεѹ֮ܣһɹɾǿѹȥϵѹһ˲ɢ롣
еٶȴ
˾Ȼʱճӣ콾עҪŵܲա
ͻȻ䣬һɭĻʱճϡ


1896 
ʱճӣᴩ磬ͬᴩҹ磬ҹͺһ㣬໥໥ѹȴ޷ָ༸ԪĴսֻһһһܹľ棬ʱճУеУıܿܣͬҹעӡЩĴܣнʱճӵʱճߡ
д˿ŪĶȻѾǸˡ
Ż£Ȼ䣬ܿǰʱճӣһ󷭹һӰƾճ֣Ӱֺ˲ʧͬʱҲĸоһǿҵои֡һ룬һڵĽг֣üλãĴ˳ȥ
һ쵽۷塣
һϢ
һɱ޾
оκι켣κηâڽУȴ̺޷ɱɱ⣬ڽУΪоеķâɱ⣬ԻڵĻᶼûСµĽĿʱŻᱬʱʮǰٱų
ͬɲ֮
ƽʱţһţչֳƽʱİٱǧԾ
һжûпǴʲôطֵġ
һУԼпܻ
ġ

еķӦٶȣͬڸо˲䣬תһĥƾճ֣ǿսǰĥ̲ת·˲䣬Ҫս飬
Ȼһ̫¡
ײ˲䣬ֲɱӽбȻһĥ̴̵ĳѺۣһ˲֧顣Ҫ֪ĥ̿ͨͬҲ鱦ɱ˫Ǿмǿı壬׼䣬ܱݻ١ƫƫĥڽ£ôˣ貵Ľϯ
޷Ѥεȳ̶ȣ·ؼ䣬еһУǰʧȥɫȻһͨɱ֮Ķħ񣬲ѣһ֣һ
ǿĴɱ֮ѾԽ̨Ѿﵽ֤Σڽ̺һֶصĵǴɱ֮Ĵǵʵ֤Ĵǰû֤ĵãһ棬һǼ١ɱ£ҵͨ޷ֵ
пһͷ
Ϊڲ࣬ǿɱͲκ鱦ѷɫڶļƷɱĥɱ£׻޷⡣Ӳ顣
ûа취赲ͬҲɱĹܴ죬ĥһַâж˶٣һ˲飬ʵѾ㹻ڴսУκһ˲䣬ɲͬĽ涼ᷢԵת䡣
ռţʱ仳ѹʱգ򣡣
һ䣬ռʱ仳ͬʱ֯һʱռںϣΪǿʱ֮ͬһʱ
ɱʱ˲ܿսĽ٣һӾܵѹƣ·һӱóٻ͸ţڻһԽǿУٶȾԽ
ʵ򣬲ɱٶȱڽ£ռ䱻ʱ䱻ٻ֮䣬·ĺǰԿԽңʱ֮ĥɱֻ̺ǣĥƺЧ֤Ĺ֮ǲ׺ɣҲܴڼΪʱ⣬ܵĥ
ռʱ仳鱦ͬǿЦġ
κһ鱦ֻҪӵ£Կ֤໥⣬˿⡣
ӲҪ˵ʱռԵ鱦͸Ӿˡ
ɱڳԼɱǱ¶һĨЦ򣬴Ը񣬴򲻹Ҳ˵ֻҪһ˿ܣǾȴ˵
йâһȻԿһɫĵƾճС
鱦ͣ
סּͣһ˦Բ˼ٶȻƳգʱɱǳٻģǶ˦ȥĵ˵ǾǼ٣԰ٱǧٶƿաɱա
ˢ
һ˲䣬һоƺʲô
ֻУһڵӰи֣Ӱͨںɫۣɫ֮ڣվǰ׸о·ǲڵһ
ȫܸܵһֲšһɱǰɱϴƾһ㣬ɱֽУ²䣬ޣܹΣ·𲻴ڣܿɱȴܱɱȴ˺ڲ֮ء
˿̣ȴһһе˳ֻ棬ֱǿ£µ˷ָ
ײе㡣
ܡ
ҹ̿ʹԸо޷ţдݳĴʹȴĸһʵġҪǣдݳȴ·ɽ麣Х㣬ͬһ硣Ҳ޷׺
ţͿǰһ
ͷػǰʱ˸һƬհסʧȥʶǰֻаԷһȥʲô
ܿһڽɫĴשǰ
ǰש༫ѡ
鱦޼ש
һשȥ·һԴϡָо治һˬ
Դ⣬ȥ
Ц˵һ֣̿˦ڰʱƾʧѾͽУѹڻռСĲ˵ôҲҪҲ뿪ҲҪեһμֵ
Բκζ
˭ǰУǾҪľ򡣡
ٴδǰ׷ĲӰ
ǲִܵҲҪԼļ޾
õ
Ҳʴʣǿɶ񣬿ɶ
ɱ
βҪ㣬Ҫɱ㡣
һĶϺУһɹɿֲϢ𣬽ʱճӼĲϷ
һһΰӰʱճпʱճ۳ࡣ
¡¡
һ̣ʱճϿգһӿֲƾճ֡·ͨĳֿµһĻдȥ
飡
ŻͻȻ䣬ʱճϿգ׵ĳһ޴챮
Щ챮ÿһ𣬶·ܸܵبŲ࣬ѹʱյΰÿһ飬·ܳء಻٣Щʱճеķ࣬һһ챮ͬʱ
ã䡭
Ĺ챮㡣
챮Яޱ־˲ʱճϣȻ䣬һҹܷӲҽʱճ֮ڡɾˡ޾ʱ
ˣȥﲻڿԲսɳһԪյսᡣϣսϣҵȲս
Уһ·޾ʱǰĻݶţһ޷ܵƾճ֣ϣʱҲ޷赲£ٵ


1897 Ů
ܲˡǹ£ܸоԼڵȫ޷赲ǶúпֹֻǣôĻѾȫûбҪˡ
ֻǶݵĽӴѾܹףʱճеսȷʵԼ漰ģҪǿȥֻǣ޷κκô
ৣ
գۼ䣬Ѿʱճ˳ٴγʱѾ֮ǰڵλãҲ֮ǰʱճӵλϡ
ʵһжʵʵ㣬վǰ֮һ𲢼սʸûУǶվԭأ¶һĨɬ˵ʵڣһжʵԭ
ûʵ½ݡ
֮棬ͥǣӦþѹŵ棬Ƕ̫һۿҲ޷ֵģӦܣ棬ǵսȻûнһԪʼʼնڼǶŵģֶʲôĴڡ
аԳ
һҲǿ۽硣
棬һ۾ͿȷϾĹ챮ҲֻһΡһĿ֣ɳ𺳣Ǵ챮κһ𣬶ѹžͷĿΰ챮У̺İʲô޷ϤֻҹЩܶ챮ļϣܸܵԲһǿ
ЩʱճϵҹܣģѾﵽ֤ǿģѾ֤߳Զľ룬ԪҲ֮ңǿߣȻûг֡ɱѹȥ
սηɲ
˻ԪʥҪǿ
ΨһԿ϶ģﵽʲôΣ޷⡣Ѿһ棬̨Ϊôܹõľ磬ôҲ￴ѡ
Կ϶ǣĴܣ棬ǰֻҲ׾ܱѹѹһָͷܴδء
ô£㾹Ȼʱճӣʱճеʲôģ֮ûС
л˲䣬ǺѾٳ˹׷ոհ֮ʱճеĻ棬˭ˣΪﵽĳָ߶ȣҪȻоС
ȻǺ治ѡ
ҪҲһӣô֮ѶϢĴУҲǲڵġȻҪ˽⣬Ͼ棬׳ٴ׳Ĵȡ
ңӽ쿪ʼֻУѾû˭᲻֪֮֮ϵʼ档
ʱճдڴգֲΪûдﵽ֤Բ̤ʱճӣӲʱճСʥˣա
һ˵
дһŨŨء
Ȼʱճо巢ʲô飬Щвû˵Щʺϴģɢȥ֪̫࣬Ҳʲô¡һΣ֪ģӰ̫󡣲Ǻ£ħ谭
ԣѡûʱճϵľû˵顣
Լһ֮֮ǰҪһ鷳ĸӵ״Ŷ
Ůȴ¶һĨɬŭ
뿪ǰһ仰νǳĵףԺҲڲϵĸӵ⡣
һ㣬ȷʵһǲ֪ǣĸӵӰѾˣŮȫŮӣӣܹʣµãŮӡֻҪŮУ޲⡣
Ůȫһˡ
ĸӦһȪۡĸȪȪ̺컯֮ĸȪĺĸȪ޷ָͬŮ˵ĸף̫޴Ҫȥ
Ҳ˵
̫ˡ
˵ŮΪĸӶڣĸӾŮյĸס
ĸӳ⣬Ů𡣡
Ů˵ɫһ˿ɬ
Ѿò⣬ٹˣⲻǷУһ롣Ҫĸӵ״ҪӸϣĸӵǣԷŮô졣
ʵϣŮѾһЩ׼
磬̣ͨŮһЩŮͳȥǿ׷ȫµѰҲͬδֻǣľٶֻͳһˣܶ˶ʺ뿪ŮĻ˵Ҫ˶ãͻ棬ϾŮˣƯŮˣĲˣǸѡԼҲ˱ˡ
ûû㹻ΪʵӦĵǲʺ뿪ģ뿪ŮУܻģ಻ĳɡɶΪԭȥ
ҪٹǨƵĻǾ͸ѣĽУħ֣ʲô֮ضУʺ深ܵĵط֮٣οҪǣӴûӣǨƳĸӣǾ͵ɱҲǽǰȫܹĵ
Ҳ·
ŮȤĳǿԸһ顣Ͳ֪ŮԸԸܡ
һаһˡ
Ҳûгɣ˵
Ŷ뽲
ŮҲһϲæѯʵ
еȻһЦ漴һܲ½磬˲̸֮޷̽
֪Ů֪ס
׼󣬿˵
ף˵Ǵʥͥ˵еһ˳ʥء
Ůһ¶֮ɫоκˣ־ȣȫ޷ڵġʥͥ˭û˵ģ˳֮ģ˿԰Ὺһש˭ܲ
׸ǿƽʥͥٴγΪؼһʥͥõش̣˲֪˲ֻǣ֪֪ɴʥͥʲôطûжܹ˽⣬ӲҪ˵ҵ׵λá
оȻףɲȣͬʱҲֳͷ
Ǵס
׵ͷ˵ʵĳǴ׵ۻѪסķͬʱҲΪҴѰ־ͬϵѡŮԸĻĳа취ͨŮ֮ϵͨȹ̵ͨ
ŮԸ⣬Ծٹǰ׾ڣҴʥͥĳԴʥ뷷ŮΪ֮λڴУĵλȡӹδŮаգӵȫµõı˵Ļᡣ
Уһֿ
ܵõŮʣԴ˵һϲ¡ŮӣǷõĸڡ
ʲô
ŮԣЩҲɵ¶ǿҵ𾪡еݣǴûȻո˵İ취Ů˵ɣһθı˵Ĵûᡣ
ֻлйǣϾԲһС¡


1898 ΰ
ǹغŮ˵Ĵ¡ŮӵδһõľпŮΣֻǣŮֻŮӵ̫ͬǳȥȻΪһ޷ӱܵߣ綼ҪԵġ
ֻǣŮʥͥľ뵽жԶң֮䣬໥ϵţǷͨǣǰˣǲԴʥͥҪǣǲǴƭڡ
֣ǱҪǵĶ
ҪϸǿǣͬҪ볯Ⱥ顣ҪϣǾٹǨƣҪóľ巽ʩСŮһ˵
˵ʵڣͻȻô飬˭´ϡ
ŮĸӡǼ׵ĻΪδزܽ׵ʥͥˣѹĸӵӰ졣ʹ֮Ů߳ŮӣãԴֻŮĺлкֲһȱݡӵĸ׸ŮȨ
гȴٴ׳һơ
ŮŮӣֻŮҪŮԺŮںܶͥ˵ô׽ܡŮһ֡
˼Ȼܴͳ˵ؾɣȴ׻ѪԹ𴫳СʷУŴӣǿԵ޵ɣңŮ޷޷ڴУֻҲףϾƿصģǹغ⡣
͸ˡ
עȣһĸߡ
ͻŮŮӣɼӰ졣
ҪǴܹһ⣬ǺʡŮ᳹״ơȻһ㣬Ůаյǿ޷ܵ顣
һϢȥŮеŮӾԻΪ֮
ʲôĿһ㣬Ŀѹסĸӵ
Ůе𾪣֪ĿԼףһ㣬ҲΪŮ൱ǴõˡⲻԸ⿴ġ
Ȼ֮ޱȣҴУҲай˹ѹƣаѹԭȵȻлƽ⡣ֻпŮļʻܸߣǾԡ
׵ͷ˵
һ㣬ı֤ϾȫŮڴҲû̫ôŮƽ⣬ǷչֻҪкǶŮӣȫͲ⣬Ǵ°
ãһҪϸһ¡
Ůһۣջû´ϡһ仰󣬴תȥ̫̫ˣҲòϸͣ˼һ˵
ʵҲ

Ůȥû˵ʲôʱ仹úܣŮҲھҪߣһжʱ䡣
ӣʦûˣô졣
пվԭصĺӣѯʵ
һɲʥֻҪ֮·лȡ¶ѣڿ·Ѿʧˣƺж׼ˣһж˵ˣûкģ߸ƨ֮·ֻܵΪֹ
͵ؿУоһ׵ģ֪˭ˡǡ
ڻҪڵʱ΢΢üһȻһסѾףֻǲµԼݣϾԼֻ΢һԼòҪϤˣǿϵóӸǸϸ˼£ټԼ֮ǰгı֣ܶ飬Բ²ĵ
û뵽ôʥ֮ͥһʥȻ΢飬Ͳ;⣬⣬Ĵʥֻͥ»һ
ԬտУǾ̾벻ŵɫ
֮ǰû뵽Ϊ˭뵽лľٶǧ֮ã˳֮Ҳײ뿪Լ˳Χ֮ڣϾݲͬҲͬ
ƫƫоôˡ
ȻǺӲ֪ʹõη䣬Ҳ˴ţôѣ洦ڣʲôпܷЩ׼ȫκαʡ
ȻҳǾͲķ꣬ҪܽᣬǺγһֵø˵顣ͬһֲɶõľ
еȻһЦ
ٺ٣ȻʥǾǲһ
ӺǺЦЦͻȻһĨ⣬ͻȻ˵ʥû뷨һѴġ
Ŷʲô뷨
һ˿ʣԼһ˿²⣬Ҳûб¶ֱѯʵ
ԩˣȻǻ쵰Ǹˣ׼Ҳûа취ٻ漰ģ֮ߴڣԬҲǲʵѾˣ˵ʲô޲Ĳˡ֮·δزܼȥ
ƲȷʵоЩԩôû뵽ץȥˣߣν൱ıҪţֻ¶ܱ
ʵһ󱯾硣
߶ôңֻ˵ʵ̫˥ˡ
ʲô˼Ī㻹ҳһλʮ˲ɡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
Ǻǣʥֻ֪һ֪ʵʮˣֻйؼ֮һҪģ֮·ҪӹЦһͻȻ˵
΢΢ü˵˵ߡ
ߡ
Ӻڵĵͷ˵Уߣӣܻ飬ǻ᲻һ¯ĺ¯ܹ֮ΪģߵݣţʥҲߣټΪ˳֮ݣƿǿ̫ࡣƣ֮·ͿԼǰСй£ңҲܵõǺǴҶкô
Уһ˿˷ܣȻԼʮֵĿá
üֱŵ뷨
Ľ
е˼֮·ӦòֻЩɡֻҪһ飬ͿԻ飬ֻûô׵£Ҳûô򵥵Ĺ¿ɵá
Ǳ߸ֳһ˿Ϊ΢ЦٴѯʵѾȤϾ飬Իȡ£õ˵һ˫ҲΪԼҪһ֮·δһȤ¡
ݰõϢ֮·һΪžŰʮһ٣ÿһ٣ԵһΣһ٣ܻ۳һ飬ûɵĻǲ˶ԶҲûй¿ɵážŰʮһ٣ҲΪʮһݣͨĹ£һ٣һݡ
ÿһ٣һڣֻҪƽ⣬ҵģȻԻ顣ӿٽԼ֪˵˳
ʱҲûбܵıҪ


1899 ˭
ģ׷ʵ
˵ĻݱһƬؾռ䡣ܴؾռлųͿԻ飬ȡ½ôģҲ֪⻹ǰһ֮·ûҵؾռ䣬ƾ͹ˡ
˵£ҲһƣΪ⽫һĻԵһ־ͬߣͿԳ˭֪Ū־棬ƶˣξΪıȡ¶ȻľôڷеݣȻҪһһ֮·
⵹˼ôִ֮·ֻ²ֻΪ˹°ɡ
ܿӶ֮·ŷͬһִš
ֻһҪģʵһ𰸡˭
һͻȻ¶һָӣǱĿ⡣
˭
⣬ںܶ˵Ͳ⣬ҾңɶЩ˵˭Ҫ˭ҷң˭漰ĶԲ˽ġ
˭Ϊʲô뷨ѵԼԼԼܵĳֿƣӰ졣ھǰ䣬ֻߣԼĳλܵĻӦ
Ժеһʱ両ֳͷ
⣬㿪׷ʡϾ漰Դ⡣
ٺ٣ûʲô˵ġԪ񾳣Ҫͻ龳ʱȴ֣˳УȻҲҵĻ㣬㣬ҾͽԶ޷Ϊ龳ʼնֻα顣
ңڵʱڤڤһָӦҪͻ龳ͱҪ֮·һ٣Ϳð˳ͻƣ飬
¶һĨӵһ˿ڵϣ˵ͻ龳ҪģҪ֪˭
УһַеĿߡ
˭ҪǷԼпܸͲԼʱֿ־壬ŭã޷ģ׷ݱԴһֱܵĳ嶯ǲģĴڣһеһУпܳ֡ӣȻŷŭ벻ʣҪ֪Լ˭˭ƿԼˡ
ԣ֮·ǱҪߡ
һβɣһΣҪߣĿģǾԲưոݵġ
㣬ԬգֻҪţԭ˭ʲôҪֻҪ֪Լ־ԼģǾԼδǺ¡˼Ŀӡ
ҪǼȥֻ»֪ϡ
Լңǻһ
ǰһţҴڡΪҲŸҪŪıĿʲôʿо仰棬棬Ϊ棬ѰҡҾ飬Ҷ֪˭̸档
лָ۵׵ļᶨȴ˿ûжҡеľ
Ȼˣֻףˡһ֮·ǿԺκεطԡοôȤҲҪɽؾʲôġ
еȻһЦ
漴ںͺ˵˼䣬ص㻹ǹעΪԼݱܣ٣ڱϣҪ¶ȥҲԼĸӵ͵һЩ
֮Ʋ⣬ؾڵλãӦŮ̥ȪǲǣûǰЩȫȷҲȻĽ֮ǰƲλ˵˳
̥ȪʵĸӣνˣĸӵĺˮȥỳУ̥ȪȪˮȥܹ̥ĸѾιûзؾΨһпܵģ̥Ȫ̥ȪҲǣǾҪϸһˡ
ʣµͷǺһ໥ʶһ£Ҳýнĺ
׵ͷ˵
粻˳٣ңŮ϶ǽвȥˣڳеӣֻǾٲ֣󲿷ֶ׼ˣһΣǰ׷ѹˡ
ʱͿͺѾһ˹ܱѾûˡ
ǰʶиһԺ͸ϣܵõһݹ£Ҳϴȥڵķ̥׻Ρ
߹кҲ⣬ֱӾͽԼ˵һ顣֮ǰѾ֪˵ļƻȻ޳ɣϾƶѾˣˣֻѰ취ŵĺ£оܾĵ
ȫǲܵġ
ǹУǺˮ֮꣬·ϣϹʦʲô飬ܷԸһ׵Ŀĺȴһ˵ƢȻǲУӦƢ൱õġ
ʱҲԼı̬
ܺãȻǴҾͶԼˣĳȻ壬岢û̫ĶУ˷ֺ뻵ˣҲֺڲˣĳͲ̫񡣱Ͼʲô壬һӣվһ𲢼սԿС
׵ͷҲԼ̬ȣϾɲʲôûпɽС塣ǵΰӰԺһ
ߣھȥ̥Ȫ
˷ܵ˵
ƵȻЩˣؾȣԷһߣϾҶǺϵʦͽ
ڰͲȥѰؾҹζ࣬ʲôʡ
̥ȪŮ
Ůеˣ֪̥ȪλãԼĸӺˮͻȻ䲻ҪӵĻǰȥȡ̥ȪȪˮĸӵĺˮܰԵ
ȥк󣬲Ҫʮ»̥ʮվͿԷ䡣һһ¡ĸӵ֮ŮԸ⣬ڶ̶һУеİձֹ
Ƿչ˿ڵһ
Ѿˣ̥ȪڽɽҶѾʺˣھͿȥ
˵
ãߡ
еͷͬ
漴һûгɣٳŽɽȥ
ɽ˵ȷʵأͬģʮƣңɽɢһʮŨҵ֮֮һۿȥȫܿɽһ¯㣬ʮֵĳŨ
֣
ڵִɽʱȻһ޴ׯ԰ǰ·һװȣȻǲ
нơ
ǰɫһ䣬ѾоôýġŽƣҲζţʿǿߣʵԲӽУܸܵһ˿ǿв
š
΢˵
飡
ûԥǰͿʼţͬʱ
ʲôˣȻҴűɡ
Ŵ򿪣һӰǰ
ϸȥֻͷǹڷɲޣƷº졣Ьѽ壬䱦硣һ˫ɽ貨࣬¶ȹ[ޡӣ˳۹ü̽ڷ졣Ʈһޱ߳෢ɡݶԪ˧¹ڲһͬȷʵǺࡣ
еɡ
ףӣԣǣȫ
ɴһۣĿ䵽ʱһĨɫ


1900  ؾ
ڿʱƺҲһ漴ͻָȻƺ֪ӵʲôҲƺԿ϶ǰľԲԼֻ֪ӡȫ˭֪˭ңҵ˭
Ӿĺܣһɵףֻ֪һЩԼ顣ǶԼ൱˽⡣жʱͼˡ
ѰԼıĿԴڿ˶Լ˽⣬ﻹܲ
ԥһͱĵǰѯʵ
Уʮ⡣
ȷʵ֪һЩΪʲôҪ㣬ֻӡЦ˵ںӣһ㶼ԭֻӣҪηֻ֣ӣ˵ʵڣûзҪ֪ô˵Ҳһ龳εĶǿߡӣαѡ
Ϊǡ
οɲ֮ĿɽǿɲһĴҪ˭ӶҲ
˵һֻӡ
߾԰һ
ܵƣͱŭ־һɡȻܲˣһ˵
⣬⣬䣡
ɿ˿⣬óһ⣬ǰһӣȻ䣬ǰһԭڵλãΪһͭɽ棬ͭɽҵİݣķҲͿͭɽԣȻվһӰɻ˭
䣡
ɲмĿӣٴγźһָһˢһ׹һˢʱͿһ׶ĺһӾͱһֻС
㣡
һ󼱴ٵ
ӣȻıһֻ򣬻һֻС
ֻ棬ֱǺţ˾㤡
£
ǿ
ȫǳ
ˡ
ֱ仯ûг̫ãƬ̼䣬ͿϹâһٴλָӱĿӵʵɲҪ볹ǾԲһ׵顣裬ֱͬһһһ㣬׽ŭȼ
Ȼһֱֻܴ衣
ӣ֣㲻Ķ֣һ龳ǿߣ̨ҲԶи鱦⡣пֹ
һ˫۾Ѿɵĸ߰˰ˡ
ɲ壬壬Ҳ۾һͷţţţѪ֮ǿЩѷɫֻǣһϿû̫һ˰νɷǡ
ȻиˣпɽǱдҪȻû취޳ڵΪ
ѽ
ڴ˿̣ͻȻһҽУֻ۾ͻȻѪᡣ·۾ڸոͻȻĳֿµش

ȴһȻֱͫӹ۲ĸţûеȿ۾˲ͱشһ㣬ɹֲҪѶС
ڣֻǸոտ̽ͱشҪٶ࿴룬ֻ۾᳹Ϲֻشʿ˵̫⣬ֶȻ٣óһֻƿ۾еξӨҺ壬תۼ䣬شָֻٴοеĿ⣬ýȻͬ
ˣǳ񣬾ԿʥϹҵ۾ǲˣһټֻӣרΪؾѡ֮·Ҫıȡع¡
һаԳΪֹһ¡
еʲôֻǿһۣͱһɿµ壬Ӳش۾ҪǱ۵㹻ʱѾϹˣҽζûа취
⼸˴һɾýָͷܲµΪʲô
ѣǰĿѵ۾ΪؾؾǷڴ˵ءеȻһЦƽǰһѯʵ
ҲûйĨǣֱ˵ԼĿġ
ܶʱֱֱӺá
ؾȷʵ̥ȪУҪȥ
ɿ˵
ȻһΣĳΪ˶ģи㡣Ц˵
Ҫؾ޲ɡؾֻض˲ܽ룬ңؾлʲôƶҲܲܽȥƶұ֤һ˵
ؾ飬ûЩ飬ֱӿڵĺá
׵õ벻ջ
Ŷ㶼ûнȥô
кѯʵ
ƶֻǸؾĿߡһЩ˳ԵĻᣬûнȥȻ֪ؾڲôСΪϡؾУʲôϡ¡
ɸҸ
ҲԺУһڹžǰ
žõǺʯɣУ͸¶һµĳھУȻܿоӨ͸ľˮӿȪˮУƺ̺ĳֶصϢ
һڣ̥ȪľˮΪĸˮеŮӣֻ̥ΪиͣȻѾ̥ǾһóȻ̫̣Զ̥ʮֲԣƶｨ˵ֹŮŮǰ̥ȪȪˮֻԭŻá
ɻ˵
ȻУǾĸӣǾһԵֽӴԵǱԵ̥ûУǺ䲻
ǾͲҪϣϣͲҪ״
ΪγһַԼ˫մѪȣԼŮѪѪһӵ
ѹȻеɣ˾ٴƣ
ҲһȻɵӰҲ֮θߡѹ֣ϣܿһ㼫ΪĹ֮⡣ֹ£ǶΪڹ͡
ûġֶɱɱӣ
̥ȪؾҪȥǱֱУؾԵͿֱӽؾԵֻˮУԣܲܽȥͿԼ
ѵ
û϶ؾǱƽ⣬Ҳһ£й£Ϊߣͬй¡ֻǶٵ⡣

ûжԥٵõķһȻûгɣȺž˽ȥ
ͨ
һʱһţھеˮ棬Ȼֳ׹⣬γһУȻĽȺ˽ȥ漴Ϣʧ
վھߣеĿ⣬һ䣬ãүֻһԪʼѾԴˣڿǺӵıͼǳѣһؽһܣƣǺı
дһĨŹ֣һӳ䣬ת뿪
ؾѾˣʲôɲҪκϡ
֪ؾԲʲôȥʲôпܷʲôؾп
ЩܽȥҪ䡣

˿̣һѾһƬİУĿܡ


1901 һ
ҵĹԹԣʲôô۾ðġҵĹԹԣǣöȺ
ãҪˡ
лû˵ѾʼϸȥΧȻһƬȺȫʮ㡣һ˫˫͵۾ǣǶǷˣҲɵһ⡣Ըеľ
׺ݵĿ⣬ȫܹ֧ܵȺǵĳ֣ɱ⣬ңϣ·ܸܵһŨħħȾ£Ѿħ
ǵĳ֣ͺǴʳһʱǵȫע
أ
ϸ̽ΧĻᶼֻЩħſھͷһǺǰħͻȻ䣬ȫëըѣһ·ֱ
ȻֻһħǾȻգۼ䣬ͱͺëǣȫ£һëûУеëȫΪë룬ǵصϯÿһޱȣÿһ̺ſµɱ飬ֱûǣЩëϣܿһ˿˿һͲǺö
磡
ǹĿ£ͷһȣ붼룬Ϳһ罫һ˳סģһ޴Ĺǣϵиصķͼ˸á

ëڽϣʱһϴĺ룬Ӳ糹׸סţͿں£Ŀڣںƺ̺ĳֹʴ֮
ġ
һЦһĶӣһĨ漴Ϳһֻ󲼴ǰ򿪣ʱͿһɿ񱩵ӲдݳǹһӾͽĺȫɽȥ⻹ֹķΧѸ󣬽ܱߵȺһȥ
£ħǷ׷ױǿȡȥգۼ䣬ȺѾһɨգ֪ո飬Ϊֻһξѡ
ⶵȫʩչ춼װȥһȺħǣҵĶһʱ̺󣬾ͻữΪһŧѪһŵ˵
ıƽʱ׶ó˵ġ
طԾǻ谵ģУһŨħħͨħƺҹ硣̧ۿܣһȺħǣᱻϣؼǣħǵĳ֣·һһһܸܵ紫ݳŨŨ⡣
ɨܣ濴ʮֲֻľԵ൱ϡ٣УڵĻľϣʮֹһ֪Բʲôö
ܿĻ䣬̵ܿУ·޴ɭֵĴдڵϵѺۣ·ɲ޵Ԩͣðźһ۾֪׶ޱȡ
˾㤡
ҹħӵϢؾô£ôħӵĺۼؾҪȾˡ
һĿܡ
⻷ҲҹϢɲϴҲԽħսսϣҹɱϢϤĺܡ۾ŵó
ڸô죬ؾѾˣҪܵõ飬ȡ£ȴһ֪ʲô֪һɵ˵
ܹﵽĿģҪġ
ɽأ
ŵһңзһϺȡ
ͨ񣡣
ֻҪʩչͨǷΧ֮ڵĸ󣬶ҪܵӲȡȻҲҪΪʵʵǿʩչͨʵ㣬Ȼвᴥŭ顣ԣзգ
ңһУûoĻǾҲκЧõġ
أ
ͨոʩչʱͿһ촫ڵ£һ漴Ϳһã׷ԲԵӵ˳
ܸоϵߣΪǿȥܵûзءͱȡ
Сμλɡ
ؿǣֻ۾ʱһֱǰһˣͱסӵ˫ȣһѱһĺ޵λɣǿˡҪٲСӿɾûˡС񡭡Ұ
£Ǻޡ
ٶȴһжһ죬𾪡
ôû뵽
ô£ܸ֪⴦ؾ磬ʲôء
һѯʵ
ؾʮһħؾһаʮһֱ֮·ϵİʮһٵ֮ϡؾûֵģֻǣЩؾУѹħﰡ
ͣסޣҲĿڽ˵ħﱻѹؾУÿʱÿ̶ڲϽײؾѹħħѹؾңħＸÿʱÿ̶ϮؾҪؾħһħؾµħߡ
ʮһħؾÿһؾʱһ񣬿ؾħֻǣħﲻ£ؾʴħҲ᲻ˣһħħǳֽһֶѡǶҪ
һؾܿĳħѾǳء
ȥҪ˶ãͻپ
ǲµġ
ؾѹħ֪ħﵽʲôô
һĨɫѯʵ
һӡЩɵ˵
ӣһ
¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ
Ϊһħħʲôģû뵽Ȼһһһؾħ̶ֳȣǿ֪ʱж¡ؾĴСѷɫκһǧ硣˵Ƕǧ硣ǧ磬¶ֻ֮ң
ؾ߶ǿݻɡħﻯأᴩأΪѹеħ˵ؾħﹲͬǰͱҪ취飬ѹħɢħħ⡣ħؿ˵
ؾȻ֪ԼʹҲ֪߽ؾǾǰؾߡһǣ͸˾һ
أضħ黯Ϊѹħܽ˷ֻһ壬Ϊ㣬ԭȵħԲ𣬻أδزֻǣһ棬һħﳹʴؾħ飬ԽƷӡǱøǿ׽Уǲ˼顣
г˵
صУѾٷһЩѶϢ
ڲ²⣬ʮһħؾУǷˣǵĻѹħһ壬ǷֱԲͬħһ㣬д֤
ȻΣҪߵߣп֪


1902 
أ˵Щûõģ͸ǣؾҪνֱӴؾǽؾеħȫɱӹֽһϺȵЩžͷʲôħ֣ˡһӴȥͳͳΪɻҡ
ôСҲֻ֪֪ؾеħ϶Ҫɣħ򣬶ҪңؾУһħɱħ϶޷ɡ
ؿٵ˵ܿĳӲƲ硣
Ǳ
ħʲôס
׷ʵ
һؾеĴħΪħпµܹʩչ䣬ܹԳ棬ܹԣܹޱ߶ˡѻ죬һֻѻһڣͻʮֲõĶˡؾУħΪ䶴ڣ졣
ؼ˵
ҪѹħҪģѹħҪħ޷ѹȻʲôҪ˵ֹˣˡ
ӿ£ƬУһľľܹ죬ͨ飬󣬶пմȾ϶ˣ֪УùˣΪ֮䡣ľǱѻӰϲľס˵УŴѻ
ЩѻͨѻǶѻ
Ľٱǧңߣܵˣʱпܷκβõ顣ʿҲ⣬صģ䣬ңʮҡõ˿־塣ֻвʮ֮ࡣ
Уǣ飬һɳȥ͸һƬһȴҪ²֪ٱ
ħ;סУѻأһֻӬɽȥǹĻû˵ȫȴܹе˼
һУҪͻӴķȫǼʯͷѣʵ̫ˡһСľͻ
εѶ̫ˡ
ħ죿еȻһЦ˭˵һҪǰ죬ħԼ뿪죬ǰǡúµģӦǲŶԡ
ɢһǿҵš
Ī׵а취дϲ׷ʵ
취
ƽ˵ҪֻҪؾеħȻȻһжˣʲôⶼ⡣ħҳǰǾֱӴ
ʲô
⻰úǶһ𾪣Ŵͣȫϲ£ڡ

ʱֻһıƾճͷա
ǱаϣһƬƬҶ裬ɢöȵȣһγһּΪصңֱ飬꣬һϴӴеһ̣ȫʧ
ԡУȣȻĳֽ֮С
ǰδе峺õһԭȵı壬ǵȵȫʧΪС
Ķõϴӡ
ľɵĸһ¥
ʲôҸоеһȫɢһա
棬ﰡ̫ˡ˸ԸԸУǧ꣬ꡣ
ⲻҵ꽻׸а㾹ȻֵزѾ鱦ˣң鱦УͨƷף
Ǿ̾Ԭˡ
ⱦʶ׸еģʱֻ챦ͨĺܣûдãڣȴչֳĹЧֱǲ˼顣˾̾
˳֮ӴԴôֱװ
ǹ˵

һ䣬ҡҡ
ʱһʼɢɡ
һɫ䣬УڵϣڸֵһħϣȻܿħ汻УԡڡħϾȻʼðһڵĺţʼһĲҽУƺʲô˺һָоǧҲѷɫֺӿ¡̶
Ȼħϵħգۼɢһգױˡ
ûС̣ʵ̫ˡ
ˡ
Ѿħħ棬Ȼˡǿľ֮
쿴еħھеħҲڱǿ
ȫܿڿеħۿɼٶȴи֣Ȼڰɫľ֮£ڣΪУڴУкԴԴϵĳ֣ھ֮£Ҳ·̫µѩһڣʱƣ棬ðĺڲϵıԽԽ١
ñɿݣǻߵĴУ¸ֳ΢ȴʮֵļǿ󡣷·һ룬

пʼܼˮ
ˡ
Ǿ֮꣬еħǽµڸգ̺еħڲϾĥ⾻֮꣬ʵ̫ˡȻԳĥħʴǳ׸
еı仯ΪΪֱӡ
Ҫ֪ؾħͬʱݻɣҲ˵ң㣬ֱ˴ˣҪôǶѹ磬Ҫôѹ磬ô򵥣ҪĥԷǽܵ顣ħʴؾҲĥ飬ڣȻ޳ħ
ζʲôζţȫпܽؾ׾Ƕô˼𺳵顣
Ҫһ㣬˭֪ᷢʲô顣
ֱǰδУδ
Ч
пԡھµأҲǰԵͷ˵Чͺãаڣҿ󾻻ֵķΧ󾻻֮ķΧǽؾ׸֡ҪǾһκ
аȫתؾ
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ȻЧȻҪʤ׷׽սӵ¡Բκ

ɢ֯һ˲Ϣ䣬͸ؾؾһǧ磬⣬֮꣬ɳ׸ǡ鱦к֧֣֮Ĺע߶ķӳı
һɲǼ䡣ؾײ˵ı仯
ؾеħһ̣׷׷Ĳҽھ֮£ħϱɢɢǹι⡣ʹ꣬кܶħڵϴ޷£˲Ա䵱
˿̣С
һɽɽϣһľƷףǿ˵Ѿﵽļһɸߣϣһڳڳ͸û
˿̣ڳУȻܿһɫ۵ں˯ͻȻ侪ѣ̧ۿգ޾Ĺǰ


1903 
ܿħϣڱ磬ѻ죬ж¶Ŀ⣬˿ûи飬ͺûиɱ֡⣬Ĺ⡣
ãھأħ⾻֮£ڿڣ⵽ô£ؾת
ħҲ¶һ־֮ɫ
ؾеޱаħԴ˵ħĸڣΪԴԴϵħȾؾؾڵҲȾɢԪ̺޷ָħ
Щռؾĸڡ
һħʣؾ죬ԭӵеһУͳͳΪУսᡣ
ܣôǿľ֮ʲôľ֮Խٹ̵ħħٴڳ̤˳վڰգĿؾϿգ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼһ޴ı
ʱħоһǿҵķơķң·ڱ״̬ĸоûо
ͺһ̾Ҫ׹һ㡣
֮⸲ǵķΧ̫ˣŵٶ̫ˡ
ȫûκζܵأϣ£һеһУͳͳҪⷶΧ֮ڡ
Ⱥѻ죡
ħһ֣ȻԿһڵħͼƾճ֣ħͼպۿɼٶȷţգۼ䣬͸졣Уһľ棬ٵķɳһֻֻ޴ĺɫѻЩѻڵĴ⣬ѻν൱˻
ͨ»˲ԭرըʿҲоԴըѡ
ѻķգħͼУħͼ˲仯ΪһƬ޴ƣգ츲ڣо֮⣬ͳͳ⣬ƿա
ħͼħħħͼһħͼ֣ħͼµ˲ܶϮ䵱̺Ÿָ䡣ѻޱϣѻͿںħͼħͼ˲䱩ﵽһֲ˼ĵزԽ֮ǰ
˵ħͼ֣ǱǿĶ֣ҳһսһ
ɣ
ħͼƣڵס⣬ͬҲ赲ŴӱϴݶĶɻѻѻ·ؼңµħԴԴϵĸšһʱ䣬ö˻ƴ̶ħ໥һ𣬼ֱһɾһǵ
ֻ棬
ȴ޷Ϯ޷١
ħͼڵģҲڵλãط˼ˣǵصľ֮ϯգۼ䣬ͿƬеħԴԴϵıħΪԪħ⣬Ҳűؼø£ڸա
ɿݵĴϣԡž֮꣬вֲϵѿȫµ
ľ
һڳźõķչ
̺ڴеһɹħѸٱ룬ɣڳĥħĸظоħڲϵڣͷ·ǵħû㹻ǿħħļʻǸ׳нնϸħ޸֮ƼΪ̡
һٱ
ؼԪԽԽŨԽԽʢ
ȫܸܵشݶá
˼죬ħȻȻֶο赲סаľ֮ⶼ͸ǲƱݡһħ
̧ۿλãǵطޱĿؾھ֮£ֻϿ죬ѣҪѣȫĿ
ֻҪȵطȫǾħҲǶľ֧ôҲܿϴơֻᱻûһϲ˵
һΣʤؾѽǰ
ǧѷĴûᡣ
ħɲԴУܿ飬ֻܿ½ͻɱǲؾеȻһЦ
ҾãҪľ
ҪȥħҪɱУնûĴ㣬ϲһɱһݣ򵥵ķǾ;ԲŪ̫ӡҪҲħġ
ֻҪ룬׾ͿԴɡ
Ȼ㣬ԡ
һϲ˵
ȥħħǣȫ£ٵľ棬ᷢԵת䡣
˶ȻҽƬ磬ҾأǣǡҪǲúҪңжҡ
ħҪԭرըؾͱԼĵ̣뵽ͻȻðһȺˣȻҪؾھ֮ǰикôȫûС
ȫûн۵ס
Ƕһ衣
裬ȫȫǳ衣
Ϊһ棬ֹؾһսڱУûеڶѡ
ԣˡ
һƬƹˡ
ִһԴЧˡ
Ƹƶգۼ䣬Ϳ޴ѾѸٿ
ڿͬʱѻϴ飬һĤҪƣͬʱܿħͼеѻͬʱ䣬䣬ǽħͼʩչ̺ͻøӵĿֲ¡
ãŵŨѪҺȼգëӿֳ⣬ƺҪѪᣬðȵĻ棬Ҫȼ۾ʧѪᣬ˫ήֱ̱ȵȡ
ָ䣬ϯΪһϵĲƹ
ȥ䡣
̫ˣʤֱ
£ЩѻȻؼǵĶһǣ˲Ϯ
ں£ͷ仯ϳ֣ϵëڲ䣬ʮֺˡѾŧһӱһ͡һⶼûСǲҲ̶á
һε䣬䵽ʱȴ޷ڣڿʱһʱͱų⣬ͷȻֳһƣ޽ٶɶơ
ϣ½յƺصͷа֡ڶܣͱƵסǽų޾⣬Ϊޣٳɻҽ
һ˿ûС
УаҲŽ⣬ںϣɢϵϻָ
գҪؾձȽħ
ħĿãĿӵﻹ֪һеĸԴԱֻҪƻǴݻٻٵΣ˲ơ
ʱͷƣѾűϯȥҪֱӰȥֹ
ĺãȵľ㡣
Ŀã˿⣬һ䣬ȻԿУһڰɫ쵶ƾո֡


1904 ħһ һ
ļģΪ⣬⵶նһڣȻǿ⵶
쵶̺⣬絶ϡ
һĵ̺ص־⡣һâ޾һƲɵһ޿ɶܡ
ܿ⵶ն£ֱӾڶħͼϡƿڱ££Ҫ˳⣬ɢͱҪɢƯΣͱƯΡ
絶赲
꣡
ֻܿУһ貵ĵҫֱ֮УʱͿУ·绮ǿнܲ͸ƣӲ˺ѳһѷ죬ѷֺ֮Ǻޱߵľ͸ȥ
ۣ
ѻʹı
·һ̣ڳſµʹ
ãҵĶħͼ
ħĿã۾ˡǿıݺؾ֮һȻһڵˣпħͼֻƿƶѣħͼпþֱ䵽Щѻϡ
ħͼȻֻǣаڴ߶ɻԴԴϣһ֮赲ɻõѡ񡣡
Ц˵
פԭأûжƼȻпͺǱûѷļͻȻѿһѷһħͼϵѺۣ⵶̺־ƣҪָϣеôס
Ƕѻԡھ֮£ڶɻУħ֣ܸͬоԼڵħڲɢͬԴԴϵĶɻԺС
ʹ㾹ȻҪɻԲܡ
ԡʱħ֮¶ʹ֮ɫҪϿڷ䣬зµ䡣ֻǣЩ䣬޷ƿ޽ٶɶƵıӣΪɢ
·ϵԺ֪У֮ǰ¶ʹħϿʼصķ񣬽ãзૣ˭Ϊʲô
ǶѻǴʥͥӢµػߣǴʥĵˡΪʥΪ˴ʥͥԲϧһдۡ
ħǱؼޱħħ֮Ҫɻңܣޱħ⣬ֵɻ֮
־Ժн档
֮ľһʱͣһʱʮֹ졣
ֻǣֿܣаԴԴϵĶɻ£ԽԽ΢
·һӣַ·ǹȥ׺ɣ
գڴʥͥеӡϣڹûκԸģһԺлصÿһΣеӡ̣еļ
ԣǴʥͥػߣҪʥڴʥͥҪΪնսҲҪսϡ
ħϵãȻʼɢֵ֮һּᶨϡ
УѾ²ӡ
ֱϴ԰
ĶɻħĴħֵסֱ̫ײˣбڣĵˣֱñɻͿˡʮơ
Ӱզ
걦׳ȥʱԶԶûôǿڿֱѪȻпԼУҲӣǻһģһûб仯ֻ˵ԼľԼģκζǿ
ħ¶֮ɫ
첽Уǰȥзħμˣ룬ɸ
𣡣
п׵ͷǰ˵
ħ̧ͷȻ򣬾̧ͷ˲䣬ܿУȻֳһĨѪħ⣬У֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻһڵħУħϣ·ֲֿܿĻ档˲ħͳ˹ȥһ̣νʯ쾪
쵽޷
ã
Сģħթ
ӣȿ۾Ҫ˳ɫ䣬׷׷ŭôû뵽ħȻαװɱȻӣȻûбɻת뵽ҪУѡиʱ䣬һֱһµĶߣѣһ֣ǾҪġ
ϧѰ·йߣƫƫҪԨ·
еĿһƬûΪħͻȻ䱩ֶеʧ룬ʼ侲һ·ǰľ棬ѾԤϣ׼
̹ħУû˿˼ֻǰ֪ʱƾճһɫĹţſڴ󿪣ڣȻȻĸֳһУ·ͨĳصڡ
ʲô
ħĿãһ˿ȣû뵽ôûдеĽ䱸֮ģţȻѾ׼õģܵĸоһֲõϢҪܿȻųֵʱʵ̫ˣ̫ˣǰԼֻ֮ңѾš
ҪʱȻĴһǿҵ·ѹյһһ׾ͽȥ

ħʵŭȻȴ޷ıѾʵ
ħء
۾һתѯʵ
ȻȥӦȥĵط⣬ӴԺҲûħˡеȻһЦռͨǺڵĻ硣ֱӽӽУʵڻһʱ䣬ԴԴϵĻ֮Ϯ£Ѳڵ³ữΪڸɳϡ
һϣ൱ζ
ƲԳԷƣȻǾȥ
еѡ
ˡ
˵ġ
ÿµħȻĶɻûа취䳹׶ɻ⵽ô¡
ѯʵ
ոѾɻˣôᷢġ
ħΪǵǿĺıԴ̺ħﱾ֮ߣѾҪӾϣϣȥɻһʧġ⣬ħǲٳֵġûţؾҪѡ
̧ۿͷĶħͼ֣ħͼƺħıûдﵽĵزֻǰİħΪħ𣬷籾һӳǿ
ö
׵ͷһ䣬ħͼսУھĹУħͼħӡǣѾɢһգһͽȥͻΪڻС
ѻȫħͼΪħͼеһ֣һֹ״̬ħͼ˿̣׷ױħͼѸٿٳµء
硣
Сǧ磡
ֱǿпٳһǧ硣
СȻ䣬ñٴһ㡣
ʮء
ħͼС
ٶ硣
ħͼܲвҪδЩ̫ϧ
֪Уڱ죬ԴԴϵľ£ؾڳױ


1905 һ
ؾħﹲͬݻħ־͸ؼ䣬ÿһеУҪ뽫侻ѶȻһĴаϵ⣬ɻԴԴϵľ֮꣬ҲҪʱ䣬ܹ׾ϾǱؾе֮ء鷳
ڣȻǵջʱ̡

еıȻ䲻ؼҲ䡣
̫ˣؾڳװħϮңѹħﶼûиյĿܣֱǡ˼顣̫ˡ
һ̾˵ϲ£̲ס㵸
쿴ǹ£ع½ˡ
ӵȿգܿһͨ쳹صУһΪģһݣռ߳ɣֱϣɣϣзֱ˰ɡ
⻭棬𺳡
¸ǼΪӴ󡣾ħĹ£󣬵õϿɣȻǻر޴
ͱʹ£һɣͿԽһͨˣֱԪ񾳡ңУκֻ磬ûзӵٴͿֲУ˿ȴõ߳ɣ֪ǶôӴ
ȫԽһͨˣֱ龳Ǹ߲Ρ
龳Ǿɰ
һ죬ҲΪ
Ѿﵽ̨ͳۼ̳о磬ûһǰ磬ǲܼѾﵽת֮幦澭֮ǰľ澭һ̫̫ǹһΣٴͻˣøԵ鸡Ҳ˼Ȼǽɡ
תĹ֮ǰѾȷһ󣬾ͿʼǾ澭巨šԾ֮֮ǰġ澭໥ศɡһɣͿ̫̫һ塣
Ѿﵽɣ۳ǧöԴѪһǴԲʮǧöԴѪ̣ȻǼáܹ鲻д
½δزһ¡
ñŹķñа֡
Ҫ֪Сֻ磬ԴԴϵĻؼĲƵ꣬۳ȫµ꣬Ͷֻ֮Уֹ̣۾ǹ£ÿʱÿ̶йµǺ٣ʤڳϡЩ£֮УñŹķڲǰɱ䡣
߳ɵĹ֮ԴԴϵעС
ʱɫУֳһֽɫγһִϽɫʥ£޷ΰ󡣺չºѾȫĹ鱦κ޷Ⱦ䱾塣
ֹ̣ȻϢѾɡ
ڴ˿̣Ҳʼȡ£ǵѡȻǲͬģֱӽ£龳̽ıԴҲڽ£ϴǿԼʵ
֪УȻܿϣ¶ͬı顣
ãǷŭǻȻָϽ֯һ𣬳ֳΪӵı顣
ԭȻֻһë
ʶ૵
дһ˿ɬ
ҲܳΪԵǧŮӡ
ڹ£Ѿȥԭȵıҡһ䣬ѾΪһ棬ȴͦŴӵӢСȻǺĴӡ
ĿָȻԴΪһֻֻ꣬ǣ꣬ڵѪʼգͬڹ£Ѹ׳󡣳ŷķɱšδлԵΪһĶޣδزһֿܡ
˵ڹ֮£˶õĺô
ĺôȻǱõУȻ̫ĸı䣬ʵ򣬱Ѿ־޴ɱ䣬Щôδ
̫ˣħﱻѾװħʱԸգһȵؾе鸴գͿ۳
һ˷ܵ˵
ˣҾãؾδıգƬħݻɣħѾ뵽ÿһռ䣬ÿһأÿһλڣֻɾ˵ḴաȻĳãһݵĺáҽؾŲƵһӰȫĵط
пͻȻЦЦһص˵
иǴһ˿ᶨ
ңûκγɣּ䣬һϽ˷֣Ѿû뵽УգۼѾʧ
ססҪʲô
¶֮ɫ
Ϊоؾڷһ޷ƿصı仯ָо·һֵּ֮Ĵ
¡¡
𶯣һεΰͻȻӴдݶţѸ˷ϯȥȻգ֮䣬Ѿסؾ硣ͬʱסؾһεȫؾųȥһ룬ͳһƬУǰȻܿһؾۿɼٶȿС
Ƭ̼䣬СͬСȻ󣬴ʧ
һϽһţѾڡ
̣̫죬ûκס
ֹĻᶼûС
⡭ô¡
ؾؾˡ
ס㵽ʲôؾ絽׵ȥˡ
Ŀһеĺӵˣһ𾪡
ؾı仯϶Ϊжġô£ΪֹǺ
ûʲôֻǽؾ˶ѣˣҲһݡ
еȻ˵
۾ζĿһۡ
ܿƺڷ⣬йɢӷ
ôˡ
ɫһ䣬æѯʵ
ؾеؾأؾѾؾųȥڣȻҲʱ̡˿һƽ˵ȥδزһýλټ
¼䣬Ѿױ
ƺڱʱУһƿնȥ
ǡ顣
Ҫתֻȥ𡣡
Ŀ£¶֮ɫ
ٿ˿С
˵ʵڣЩ޷⣬عѾˣһҲ̫֮ģؼ䣬ÿʱÿȥ˲֪٣޹ли޹ģתֻأδһ¡
δ˭˵Ķ
ڱԺܲӲӦÿǵ顣֮һ㣬ǵõӦõõĹ£Ҫġ
˼Ȼˡ
һ˿ȻԳ
˵޺ǲܾھǷ硣飬ȥ˵¼䣬־ͽ˻ȥ
ںʧ˲䣬ȻԿһ۵겻֪ʱѾվǰ


1906 ħ
꣬ܿʮֵƽ뵭ȻǱ¶һĨ΢Цϣ·ܿһãһָмһƣ˲Ҫ׽ħ棬޲T
ȴ¶һĨ֮ɫ³һֱӵǰݡ
ȻǴʥ֮ͥʥȷʵˣȻֱܷңеȱЦЦĿУиҪ㣬ʥηҵݡӦû¶Ŷԡ
Уһ˿档ңУеıݣȻҲѾµ
ȷֻǣЩ²ѣֱҽؾɢȷĴڡ
һؾħݻħ飬ħ޲TƬһݻλһ塣
ûв´ħݻأޱħؾ㣬ƹܴأҲؾءؾҲѣؾǶʩӵӡλһ壬Ϳ˭ܼһӱȴս˭Ҳѹ˭
Ҳûһһ䣬ԼĲ²˵˳
֮ǰؾصʱԼоƺЩ̫ԣĴڣؾʲôǣھ֮ʱϣķӦȴЩ죬ǶԾ֮һ˿ܣǱܵĲǷУңںĹУҲԼЩľٶ
һ㣬ԱԼǿǿߣ𾴣Թȴ͸¶һֵȻǲм
һڤڤеĸо
뵽һԪ㣬ΪΧħ޲T飬ܶ飬²⡣еĿԣֻССļɣɿΪѡ
ԣѡʱ̣ؾɣһʵ飬Ҳ֤²ȷ
ǽͻȥΪҪǰĺꡣ
ȻʥѹֿһԪд˴ټĴʥͥȷʵ˲ãħ޲T
국ЦܹƷȷʵǳһ飬飬Ȼỹ㡣ģȻħֻǣǷ顣ħΣ̹̹кβáңңȴ֪ħˡ
ⲻı
΢΢鴤޲T˵
޲TһԪΪħ棬һʵ֮ǿѾﵽĳּΪ˼ĵزڣܸܵһɲĴȴûбֳʲôη顣ֻƽĶԴ
ʵݵĲΣκѾýƽȵ̬ȥӦԡ
֮ԤĴڡ
һԪУǣͳտϧħһߣһɣʤһս֮ֻ첻ң꣬ħڣһ뱻һ뻯ħħħħϧһԪûܻһᵱħ
޲TȻһЦƽ˵
ƺУû̫塣
ħڿħħеסħδܹԸ
ζ˵
Ǻǣѵʥѡҳԭô޲TЦЦĿУһζľ磬ڳֵ˲䣬Уܶ飬Ͳܣ֪ģ֪֪ģҲܲ²
ǾԤףħܹɹִħȨ
еȻһЦУûгҲûзϡ
һƽı顣
Ǻǣδټġ޲TЦЦһۣţȻȻɢΡħħ棬ħֻҪԸ⣬ؼ䣬Ρ
վա
Ѿһ˵磬һ˿ȤζĿ⣬·ܶϤţã˼ο˼ˡ޲TˣħִħȨյסôǸ£ҲֱʥϵҩΪӣûƢôݴŻܾϲ
ȷʵų޲Tѡ
ڷʱѾ˾ʵϣγ޲TҪĶԴﵽԼĿġ֮䣬ǻѲ
ջ񰡣ؾ磬ǧ磬Ѿﵽ۷״̬ǧ硣Һ̴У̡һٶƴհ
ʶںϣĸܵľ޴仯
ؾǧ磬һɽȥؾеĸһʱȫŲƵ磬ࡣ飬ľڵһʱ뿪󣬾һɢʮУԪ֮ǿؾڻзֽ⡣ΪһɹɾرԴ֮ʮ硣
˲׷ױ
ֱٶȣȫ㡣
ÿ䶼ڱǡ
͡

ʮ
ʮ
һǧıԴɱǾ޴ġ
ǧ磬ԲǧĴСǷ̯ʮ磬̯һ硣
緶Χ˺ü
磬ﵽԲСȷʵһδջ񣬹ȻӶᣬɣǱǿѽݾؾˡиڱ仯ƽϢ£ҲɰԸ̾
һζʢ硣
ȻͲǾУķչҪӻмȡ֮ٴεлȡԴԴϵ֮ȲͰɱš
ûȥˡ
ɨܣһ䣬Ҳ뿪Ƭ޿ռ䣬ʧ
ˢ
ٴγʱѾɵĵУȻܿҲڡ
ӣ˭
̧ۿӣܿѾı仯׿龳ңڵ⣬ıһƣһһǡ
·ɲǼ䣬׺ɣ
ԬգҲʥաҾҡ
һĨ⣬ֻ۾У·лȼա
飬֪ңϲһظԴΨһתֻأԭǺ飬ңңҡ֮֡
еȻһЦ׵ͷ֪ѾһرԴǰԭȵνᣬʣԹŭͳͳǲֵһᡣԬʥҲûж
ǽ飬ָ֮ԭȵĶսͨҲԻָս֮ǰȣȻر𣬲Ტۡ
׵˵ǣһԪ֮ʼұѾԴ֮ǰΪº֣ѡתһɻۣŮ֣ʮǧëֻأֻ֮תķתվѵģֻ֮١;زۣǲ֪ж١û뵽ֱڣеһת֮ѡ
Ц˵Ҳи̾


1907 
ԺǲǾ͸óΪʥˡһĨɫӵ൱Ĵ󣬳󡣿ɽͬ൱ӲıŮ洲ʱµĲʯ컯¾ĳ̶ֳϣŮΪĸ
ã⣬ֻҽǰʥڳ˭˵ʲôΧѾҲ½ˡ
Ц˵
ܿΧɵȣƺ⣬̸кܶ飬ǶǲֱӸˣΪβˣʲô¡
ǽ̸ҵ˿ȥͬʱ壬ҲΪԬգδΣԼѡΪԬգҲѡٻع顣˵ûЩֻǹ̶ѣҪǽع顣һ죬Ŀ߳ԼĵǺγһ¡
ЦǺǵ˵
ܹ߳γһջµĵܶԱ޴档ؼġ巵ԴԺëתһκʧ
֮ԻգҪмһ档
Դеͷһ㶼İ֪Ҫ¶ݣԣʱҲܲ½ơ
Ϊģʶһ£վд
տɲǸճʱʲôȴ˵ʡ
ʥǣĵ̣ǳȻ֤׵ͷ˵յĵ̿ɷǱѰһԪУûջһ̣֤£ֻҪ֤һֵ˼ˡ
ٺ٣밳Ҫһʱ䡣ʱ˵ҪʥͥúһʱʥɲҪ֮⡣
ЦǺǵ˵
ǰһҪʥͻȻ˵
Ŷʥ뽲
ɫһ˵
ݵŮǱߵ֪֮·ϴڵľžŰʮһؾÿһһνѣЩʥӦú˵ؾǱشħѹħҹĶħǽһĴħǿзָɰʮһ飬ֱѹݻأΪĥ̺Ĳħ⣬Уһģ̺ŴħĲħꡣֻǣǱһؾʥ˶֪κһпܡ
ʥɫص˵
ȷҹеĴħħ꣬еĴħ΢΢üѯʵ
ŮѵȷʵҹеĴħ񣬲ħ޲TĻЩ鷳ˡΨһԿ϶ǣһؾֻ޲T飬ҹħҲ˵ʣǰʮؾУ϶һôһ´ħ
鷳»ˡ
ŮؾǻԵɺطؾɲȥңȻǺãûҲûʲô˵ġ֪㳣֣δǺ¡
ٺ٣ֻǽϢ㣬ҪôȫԼ⡣֮·˭Ը˭ȥߣɲԸźˡŵЩɿɲʺϰһԪҪͷϴŸ䣬ôҲȥɽЦһ漴˵ȥҲ
¼䣬ͿϵϢȻһ䣬ϵȻ롣
һ£лָ
ԬգԭֻһëҲҪʣıκ˶Ҫʡ̧ۿУһᶨ˵ΪԼֻһëŸҪľʡһģڱҲ顣ֻҪŬȥϱǿͺá
ʲô㡣
пѯʵ
ؾѾҲõҲ֮·Ͼһؾ֪ûбҪ׷˵ͳط
ٺ٣ȸһΣҸо㣬һ̫ƽȻ൱ľʡһЦ˵Լ뷨
θУֶûôܻȡع£ʲô߰ӣѾȫֻҪֱӸߣ˵ʲôҲ뿪ġ
˵һóУдջ
飡
ʱһҵĽŲ
תۿȥſڣһŮǰӧ˹кҲһ˵ŮǰҪ̡

˼漴ͷӦǰ·
ʱأ⣬֮ǰѾˡŮ飬ȷʵС£ӴһŮӣпںԴԴϵṩŮӣǹغδĴ¡
źӧûãѾŮ
ܿȻԶԶȲϴ׵ʥҲɫУʻ׺ŸָĻ֣õ壬ĵž飬軨ȵȣһţһڿƮУһĿĸо续
ȻŮ
п΢΢ЦЦŮϲЩĶסĵطҪûһЩ֣ƺЩʲôŮУˣŮˣҪʻ䡣
Ůǰ㣬ԼȥûóȻǰ
ӧʾ
ܿǰ԰ĻӲͨĻ黨̺ԣɢĻ㣬ӵ죬УĶ÷Ƿ
׵ѣˣ׼Ůе㡪ٻ¶⡣Ǳ߳Աġ
ͤУȻܿŮŮͤУǰŸɫ㣬ԶҲŵصζ˻ζ
߽ͤŮһ¶⣬ȷʵǾޱȣÿһ飬ֻһڴСɸָĶģʨӣϻӣȵȡÿһ鶼֡˾̾
ţȻ˼伫Ʒѵõζѷɫκʳ
׿ƷҲ¶һ˿ޣֶصĿڸУڵϸȫõĺȻȻĿʼӣѪ
ʳû̫˼ɵġ
ԽܻΪϱǿ
ŮǵΡ
һ߳ԣһѯʵ
ŮԴӦ׵ѵ顣ͲӦñȻнķŮȻܾܾ˵ĸԣǿԴӦףֻһܴӦ飬ԴӦ
ŮУ˵
Ŷ֪ʲô
ѯʵ
ܼ򵥣
ŮһƺЩӵ³һ

΢΢˶١
漴ЦȷʵǴ˫ǵýݾ˭
ҡ
Ůеᶨ˵
ʲô
пŮ΢΢ü


1908 ľ
֮䣬໥ϣε򵥣ֱӵֶΣңȷʵЧĳ̶ֳϣ֮ϵŦۣӵļǿŮʥͥȣȻ΢
ҪڵĻ˫֮䣬սԵơ׾ͻᱻ
߱زͬŮ£׺ôһľĸоǨƺϲ໥ںϣŮǵòӦеҪûһıϣǽ첻Ӧеصز顣
ŮǴеĵۻѪȻλȨأȨϣȨȻһĴݵλŮѷɫǸôңòȻ̸ӢʣʵЩֲһС
ԣڳһʱܵ೯ͬ
ҲãܹɹŮǨƽףҲδһ¡
ԴˣŮûͬо⣬ݵλϣĿùгְֵ̬ģΪֹӡԺС
ҡԸõƽŮʥͥĹ̡֪㡭ʲô뷨Ůһܿһ˿ɬ۲һˮ㡣
¶һĨЦ⣬ŮЦ˵ȻŮûĳܾܾ⡣ĳȻûҴӦˡ
Ůٶ̺⣬Ȼܲ²⵽
ΪʲôֻΪ˰ŮģҲҪӦ
οŮŮһλ˿ȲѷɫľɫˡŮӺϡ֮ģûдǳŮĻ˵ʵڣδؾͻӦ
˫ӦǽȻ˳¡
ŮһƬϲ졣
ڸǳأҼһһϲŮףһϲ¡Ů˵˳ף顣
֮Уʻ׺֮ʱϯӹֱ쵽˹⣬һãˣͻϣˮϯκ˶Բμӣζ֮ЩϯṩģʳڣʳҪȡȡС
̹Ҳ˵
ʱѾϡ
ڣʻڣŮ޹
ڣʻ̵أϲǷ
үڣ
ŮЦŽС
ƿܿƴϣȻһʻӽ޵Ӱ޵Ĳɷһ̣ؼ䣬ûκܱ
ֽҿͷɴ

ŮУŴһִˮᣬ˵գԺǾǷˣӣ
Уһ̹Ȼ
ǽԼδееУһ˿ϵϡ
գǼȻΪޣǾעԵ֣Ϊ޵һ֮ѾԷģӽֻҪһţͲ£һڳԵģһøԡ
Цյ֣ߣ˵ʱ䣬ʵһҶģڼȻΪޣЩ飬ȻӦ㡣
ʲô£ĪǷԴʥͥҲǴסղѯʵ
ǣȷʵǴףǴ֮л˵
ʲô
սһýӲ˲ͻָеȴȫڸǲסġΪոʵ̫𺳡֮һȫȻͬ
𺳵ǣû뵽֮ڴ֮УȻĽСǧ֮õľԣĪֻһôͲܲ⡣⵨ٶֱˡ
˼ǣԼȻ֮ףΪޡ
ͬһ㡣
㲻ûɣȷʵǴ֮Уӵһ챦ͬķ꣬ûв죬˵ұҲû𣬾⣬ڱԣûκʧ壬ͬع鱾Ϊһ塣ҲҸ뿪ף߸̡
˵ţѾָԭȵıĿϢòˡ
ԭҵķǴ֮ⲻΰɡ
տлָıĿеûɢ֮òУʲôܣжĻʦ»񣬴ȻҲһ۾ϵóϵֵۻϣ˭ûа취ðġȷʵɡ
֮ľ޾ϲá
ûʲôܱȵϼ޸ֵ֮øˡ˵УŮҪ޸ˣֻ߳ɻͶУѾĥĴ档
¼ġ
ͬʱҲ뵽Ůϵ顣Ǵ֮֮ǰı֤ûκ⡣
ǲʮȱ˿ڡ
ջָ񣬿УͻȻѯʵ
ţȷʵȱˣҴӵ˿㡣ڣӵ˿ʮףжʮ˿ڼ룬ȷʮ˿ڡֻǣҴڶԲħձȺĴ𹥷ĴУݹ㣬ձᳬʮסǼʮףҲֻʮסƿĴ򣬻мȱڡ
һ˵
ݴ׳У켮ƹܻĹԱһͳ滮ά͵Ľ˿һ嫺ĽҲҪﵽʮ׵ʮ׵˿ڣȫƿءԽе壬Ұʧȥƿ
ά٣ʮףǨƳ˿ڼϸ˿ڣҲֻʮסƿ򣬻һ˿ڣûԴУѾȷΪڣɳǣҪ̫˿פ˵Ҫפ
Ҳʹ˴׵˿ѹ
ɾҲм˿ȱҪֲ
ҲгĿġΣҪҵ㹻˿ڡ
ȻˣǷ׼ŮŮǨơ۲һת漴˵ĸӣĸеĺˮȥУ䣬ֻҪʮʱ䡣̣ԶŮӻ̥ʮҪϲ֪ٱȫԽĸӵĹЧáȫ˿ڡ
Уһ˿ᶨ
˵ֻҪôֻҪŮȫʱڣŮӣܹ󻺽˿Σ
ôǲЩ̫˵
һ˵
ôŮ˵żĲƽǳΪߡ
ܷģŮԹôġŮеİգãûκεִնȻ˵ŮĴͳˣѾ°սһС
ϧĸӵĺˮԴ棬ݻشףȫʱڣôУ˿ڴ
̾Ϣ
ĸӵĺˮֳֻá


1909  θ
ĸӺˮ뿪ĸӺһڣãã̺ںˮеĶͻ֮ɢ̣ûκֹֹܹʱ䶼УˮУ·̺ڤڤеɡʱ䣬ûãһʧȥЧԣģҲûа취ĸӺˮ
֮£ĸһߣҲ˵ĸӵĹЧӵСҪġ
ˣȵ׵ĽԸǵĽȻŮʱûбҪٴˣʱҲˡĽ򳹵׽֮ǰΪһ֮
һᶨ˵
Ѿ˾ϡ
ǲ֪ݵĻѡһ𷵻شףǽŮΪױһȥ֪ݺ󣬸ģȴҪΪ׾һ
ڼ޸еһѾʼΪ㣬ֻҪģԸȥ
ãΪѡĽ򣬽ضҴ׽֮ڣĽ֮ţٶȴ򴩣ŵ飬赣ģһн졣ֻҪŵ·һ֮ͨҪ棬¡֣Ѿڷϣţ
һۣ᲻ôԭҪ׽˿ϵѹΪ˷ָأΪҪһЩеѹ
ţӦġ
дһתԽӵġ
УԹΪܵ뷷⣬Ƕÿ϶
Ȼˣ뿪ŮĻΪͲŮգȵ֮ͨΪǲһ鱦гţŮذաĻŮŮӣޡкý
һ΢ϡ
֮ǰո֪һЩ飬ĸˮҪں֮ǰˮӾѪãͻӵŮ˫Ѫûκ
նǵĶҹЩ鲻̸֮ڻҪɲ˷ʱ⣬һֵǧһǰЪɡ
Ц˵
ǰ޲ɷӣҲɸֳһ˿ȡ
ϧ
ϵĽҲڲס
ʫΪ֤жǰ߳١ŮվȻӡСƢ͵䱻ɳԶüױռʱһϲ
ʫΪ֤޻գܽůո𣬴Ӵ˾糯
һҹľʣȻΪ˵Ҳ
㵽ͷ߳š
û뵽һξȻµϵԿ٣ϣҲڶϡһ⾪ϲ
кڻ԰УҲǰԳһҹյԪ컯֮ȻٴοٳһϣϵǿӹɵģͼУȻľһɳ൱Ŀ¡һ䣬£ǣǧ䣬Զ̫Ӱ졣
»£ӰĶȹ¡
еãȻö˵Ľɷˡв֪Ů¶Ľ۹⡣
ֱʱѾ
˴Ѿ㹻ĻŮеĸزҲһϾ׼ǰһվҲѯҪҪһ
ǿߣȻ㹻ӡ
ǸŮһԣǴ׻Ѫ飬ݣҲаԻȻѹһǧ𣬲ƴ֣ǮƵǮƷȫǺ޹˼ɡ׵ݣҲ㹻һСҶǴġΪףѵȱҲɡ
ڿЦ
ĴֻͣҪлᣬȻҪץץˡ
֮ǰ˵ҪĴŮˣǰҲûǰѯһ䡣˵ջء
µˣŮ鳤Ӣ־̡ŮڣһΪغȥնԴ˲û֮ǰѾ֪аµʱһȹѾ㡣٣УǶڱ˴˵ġ
ţȵų״ͨ󣬾طʱ̣У֮ǰĹһҪκʱΪʵҪģʵڣκȷķӦ
Ҳе
֮ǰѾһʺյĶ⹦ֻҪŬΪǿߣ¡ȫԴɡ

Σ
ĸӱߣصĽԶٴſ޴䣬Ѿա
̤̳ǳǰŽԶȥŮ
оþò
׵ѣ»Ҫ룬ȷʵһ˶ߣЦ˵ŮȻãķ羰ͬʾסָ壬ָֻ߳ȥԵõ
дһ˿ԵáҪ˵ȻԶǷḻ
ˮǼǹбҪģֻпĸ࣬۽󿪡ģĳۼխС֮ˡЩ鲻Ҫ˵Ȼ
еȻһЦ
ѽ
ʱͻȻһС
渶ߣУŴдݳСһɣһѣһֶԹص𾴡
һصĸ
ΣΣķ
ΣΣԡ
ľڸ質Ȼ
ľ˳Ѱޡ
߲֩ħг˯˱ЦӴؾ˫ǧ䡣
ɣвŮ˿֯¡
ɽжʹߣɽȪ
Ůǧɣٹ顣
ɽһŮ˰
ữ飬֯ɴ¡

һĸ質Уתߣ·УĹۿݳĻ棬˾飬˰ˣ˺ŮһĻĻĿ
ʤ
˭ڳ裬ĶЩһ㡣
п񷣬ѯʵ
ٺ٣̳УҲǴһθߣɲޣЩ꣬ҲһֱУ߹ĵطǿʤĸ裬ĶԼ顣˵ڱдһθףרż¼Լ飬ĸ
Ц˵
λθҲ൱ƣԶˣһθߣ֮䣬˵źܶĹ֮ͨȻܹΪŻӵ塣
ߣһȥˣӦʶһ
Ȥ˵
Ȼһȥ
ҲЦ˵
һڡ
ڳй㳡ϣȻܿ㳡ۼһĿˣһԼθߵĸ質¶Ŀı顣ַΧȷʵһ㡣
м䡣
Ȼܿһһ٣ڱߵ߳


1910 ߲ĸ
ɲܿĳ׼ףһ룬һַ˲ܹܵһͬʫ˰ѣмҰϢȫǳûа취ӵеġʣҲʮ׽һθߵķ緶չ¶šò˵ó߹ĵط飬ĸ壬ǳķḻʡĳĽѡܱΧĿˣ¶֮ɫ
ãȵĸ質ܵ˷Žɢȥ
ȻһλܳĸߣмҡݳķḻĽ
ǰͷ˵
̫ˣĴУⱾҵİãϲصķ飬ϲָ壬ϲʶָ¡Ȿҵһְáκ˵ĳޡ
ɲ޿УһĨɫ漴Ц˵
飬ʮ͡øС
ԼΪֻǾãⱾԼȤã޹أ¼ҪؼиܹӸУᵽĲ׳ᵽָһڼЩд
ֻҪ飬ԼУĿ֡Ҹ顣
ԼıģⱾʿУ¡Ѿһ𾴵ľٶеȻһЦо¥һȥ¥ƣʳȱ߳Աġķḻĳ൱ĺ档
Ȼԡ
ɲ˵
Լ¼ûĴ㣬ȥõģĿ֡
¥мճؼʦңʳĸףԶķҪȡֲͬʳģʵǱѰʿҪ㲻֪ٱ⿳ʳкܶ࣬жûƷġ
һƷθڴ󿪣ʳϸõ㣬һΪٴεԱ
ͬʱҲɲ̸
£ɲ޿У֤̤Уͬܡ
ò˵һ̸Ҳḻ
ʱһΣԶ񲻶£ȥ¡УҲִկ岿䣬нȥһףЩƷ
˵Զ˾һͨ뼱ĻûЩ˵ĻӣԲôùķٶܵӰ졣
һ㶼Цġ
׵ѣǰǸõطǰ質ĸҥӦüǵðɣҥһɣĵطһΣǾҪǰɣ롣ĺöɲ١
ҵУЦ˵
ԶܿһƬĴɽɽǹˣɽпν񣬹Ⱥңϸȥͻ֣ᷢﳤŵǣָɣ
ɣѩɣɣ̺ɣɣȵȣָɣǵǡ洦ܿͨģҲɣ֮κƷֶУ¼ɣƷ֣ûʮҲ߳ɡɼƷжȫ
һۿȥһƬɣ֡
Ȼʣɣ롣
ɣء
˵ɣ룬ɣ岻֪ʲôҲ棬ѯʵ
ɣҲ൱棬ഫɣʼԴͷһŲ꣬ŲΪ⣬һܼǿߵľѪξѪʮǿûа취ȫգգֻķ뵽УΪѪһ֣ղ䡣
Щ䣬ܶţܹ˵ĳ˵ɣ壬˽ֵġ
ŲãѰһãǧ㣬ңǲӣһֻֻϼ룬ϼϡЩϣ³˿Ƕڵ˿棬޲ǧ򲻵ıȫȫĴ䡣ңصľǣŲɱĸʣĲϼУϣŮЩŮڲϼУ̥ͬһ󡣡
˵һĲŮʮ·ƼһǶģͬ˵Ůÿһɣó֯¡ڣһֽ˿˿ͨ˿棬κһǶģ֯µòϡ
˿ֵ֮ߣκѷɫΪٱ䣬ǧ䣬Ʒסǰٱ䣬ƷҲǴﵽĲΣǧģѾǵؽױģ䣬Ǵﵽ׵ģǿ
ý˿֯Ʒǹ룬ˮ֣Σ;лԪĹЧǾȻľԽƷ׸ߣԪٶԽǿʱ޿̲ΪȻط򣬺ô֮ࡣǳ
ЩĸĲŮԴ֮ɣ壬ϲֻϲдɣĵطЩɣҶϵĿͬҲõʳƽʱɣ¶ɣأɣҶΪʳζʳʱ򣬵ִ󣬾Կ׵Ѹܲһʳᡣ
һһɣе˵˳Ȼ˵Ķ֪ģЩ֪ģҲ˵Ҳ˵
ܿĳɣȷʵͬһ㡣
˼ô˵ɣڻѪ֮䣬ҲнסȻ壬ɸ֧Ҳû̫𡣡
Щ󣬿Ҳɰ૵
̺ѶϢʮֵˡǵξѪλܵġһܡŮĳ֣϶⾫ѪйأŮڣ̺Ѫӹɵġ
ȻҲ˵һбĶѪ
ЩǿԵĿΡ
òͬнϵĿܣ໥Ļȫڡ
пòǽһʯһӡ൱ҪģܹӰ쵽ĽøС
ףϰ壬㿴ɣЩ԰ɡܶɣҶôڿή㡣ͻȻ䣬Ŀһָɣ˵
ܿܶɣУӦ֦ҶïʢŶԣȴֵήļȻǲԾġ
ɣУɣǿ֮أֻҪʲôëûжǶҪӵġһʱ⣬غɣķ뷢չôӶΪ
˿̣ɣС
ܿһɽɽֵȫɣϣȻһݣڵĿռ䣬൱󣬿νǱһȤģ޴ɣһǽɣһɣɣм䣬һ޴ݡܿݵ
УȻһɣݵλߵĲŮ


1911 ˥֮
ģһƳɵĹװŮӣɢһӺݻεϣϣȻףǾþӸλơһλǱˣɣе峤ɣϡԣǳƺɣϷˣɣŮƹɣ壬һʵν⣬ЩĸʵбչǱ޵ĳϣʵΪǿһλ
ɣ˼峤֮λֵġ
ÿһλ峤ֻλ֮꣬󣬾ͻλѡµ峤ɣŮ֮λһΣɣִ峤֮λҪ˵ɣƽʱǾסɣУ׶ģΪ峤ҲҪ飬ֻŬоͿԡ
ֻǣһΣɣ壬ȴܴѡ
ɣ£ɣ֪ΪʲôͻȻ俪ʼֿήļּһ֣͵õɣ˵Ĺעӳ̶ȣǳ޷ġ
ɣҪǿήɣ嶼ش˥Ȼ˭ɣˣûɣһɣеˣһԳͨʳֻǣûɣҶɣˣ޷˿ɣҶ˿Ĺؼ
УɣɲֻǲŮɣӴϡЩϵʳɣҶɣԶȲŮҪĶࡣ㡣ЩϵƷײͬĲ˿ҲƷײֵͬһ
ûϣǽֻǲŮ㹻Ĳ˿
ԣɣĸЩɣ
һɣ⣬ǾǲȺĴѡ
κСӡ
ŮϣⶼеҪɲ֣ɣԲκʧһɣȫήȺ˥ܣǾۼȻҪֳܹѵķ
Ҷ˵һ˵ڸô죬˲еԭ򣬵ģӦ֪ⲻͨ˥˥֮
ɣɫ˵
˥ʲô˥̺Ľ
Ҫ֪ӣô׵顣һﵽޣͻֽѣµģ˥һ֣˺һĴܣҲҪĽС
·࣬νೣʣڸ֮ʱࡣ
ͷϻήνڱɫڸ֮ʱͷϹڻȻή㲡
Ҹºνʤ΢ྻڸ֮ʱҸȻ
࣬ν죬Ȼڸ֮ʱࡣ
ֱνʤ֣Уڸ֮ʱȻӱ
˥ٽʱסζţѾսᡣʵ˥Ե֮塣Ϊ֮˥֮˥֮˥Ԫ֮˥Ԫ֮˥˥һ֣ܶ
ɣȻû˥ģֻǣ֪ΪʲôԵʣմȾһ˿˥˥֮˥֮ǴĳһɣϣǴɣ֮УѾֱ뵽еɣ֮Сһ˥֮¶ͻ֮٣޷ѡ
˥ֻ֮һϢܶ˱ᣬǾԲ῿ġ
£ɣȻҲҪ˱ᣬΨֱ֮ǣȴ漰ǵĸô
˥֮ûа취⣬ң˥ܹ֮ȾӡһеɣȾûκ̫أڣɣУѾвǧɣȾְ취ѾԹˣȴûκЧ
һĿϵĲŮ˵дһ˿ɬ
˥֮˵ؼһԿƣǾˮֻǣˮҪ⣬ȡ컯ķۣഫҪķˮƲˮһΣ׹ǣˡ챦ޱȣңϡޱȣҪѰңִ֮£ôܰõ
һ˸ǹâŮ̾Ϣ
˥սᣬˮȴܸϴ˳ǰɣ벻մȾһ˿˥֮ѣֲ˥ֱӽ٣ҪɢˮԲκ⡣
ˮиûУıֻҲУԷϢֻҪ˭ܹˮɣԸ㹻ĴǽҲԽɣΪרű֯һ¡
ɣһ˵
дһ˿ᶨ
ΪȺǸٴĴҲϧ
Σ
ɣۼӦԵʱͻȻ䣬ؼһص
ԶԶˡ
̫ˣԶ˽㣬ռ챦ʤв챦˵ǿԴԶеõˮ㲻ܵõҲлõˮϢ鱨
죬һȥӭӡ
ɣϵԶĽ󣬱ϣһӾ͸ֳǿҵϲڴ֮ɫϾȫпȺľǡôڴΪ
ˢ
ɣһƬ޴Ŀհ׳أ޴Զ䵽ϣ޴˫ȵĳȣȲҪߣ̳ǳڱϣ·ɳǡ£ͬǵĽݣǰ
޾ãԶǰɣǶ¡
ЦǺǵ̳߳ǣѾ˳Զߵ̳ǰɣϵȲŮ׺͵Ĵк
һһУʮֵķ׽
ϰ壬ˣһǰһ㣬Ѿʮǰˡ
ɣϿ񷣬Ц˵֪ϰһδʲôĻҪģǽҲó
ʲôɣ徹ȻԸ۽¡
Ҳɵ𾪣ɣеıÿһ˵鱦¡Ȼ鱦ȴ˿֮ѷɫ١
ֻɣ֯ıҪ֯ķѵĹԹ޷
£ɣǲ׽׳ȥġÿǰҪнףᱻܣκλᡣֻһϧڼȻлᣬһȣ۾ڷ⡣
֪ϰǷˮеĻҲó
ɣҲûڣֱӿѯʵ
ԶϲǳΪۣͯʲô۸񣬾ͻᰴʲô۸ףƺԶ֮䶼һͬļ۸嵥ʱǰռ۸嵥㡣
Ӽۣ˵顣
ҪˣǵҲͳˡнݵλ
ˮΪʲôҪԣ֮ǰϿɣɣڿή㣬ĪҪѰˮɣ
ɲǴ֮ˣˮԺѾת뵽ҪˮĿʲôֻǣҪõˮǳѰıʡ


1912 ϱ
ȷʵҪˮɣ֪ΪΣͻȻմȾ˥֮ڴɣʼή㣬һ޷˥֮ɣ壬ֻֻѡǨءɣ϶Ҳ˽⣬Щ飬û˵ҪûˮûУҲҪܴܲԶлȡ
ֻҪܵõһж˵
ҪǵòǾֻѡǨˡ
ǨҲô׵飬˥֮ڵ£ɣ£˭֪ЩմȾˣЩûմȾЩɣҪģҪ¿ʼĻɵʧ̫ˣɣ£ܳܵĵز
ˮıĳȷʵûУҪϵ˵ֵܣֻ£ʱ䲻̡̫ңеĻҲ̫࣬ⱦͬѰ
ҲǰԵһ˥֮ɲǿЦģⶫɱֻ̫һϢ޷ƻʮֵײС
ʲôϰҲûУǴطҪáɣæ׷ʵʱһΧڣδһ취
ҲҪꡣ
ҡҡͷ˵
Զ˷ֲ򣬴ûгʱһض̫ʱ䣬Ȼûмȶ·˭֪ǰǼˣĿġܱߵܿ϶ûԶ˳οˮֱ˵Ҫеġ
ҪרȥѰ棬ҲҪķѲٵʱ䡣ҪС͸ӵѵˡ
ѵľû취𡣡
ɣҲ¶һĨɬ
꣬ʱ䣬ֻɣеɣҪˡʱ򣬾ҵˮʲôáԶˮⲻ˽ʰ
Ҫˮ
ҲһԣǵĽ̸йâһ漴Ц˵
һλ;죬׵ѡһΪʵν춯أǷסԽܵҲ¶һֵֿζ
Īǵѿˮ
ĽܣɣҲˣ֪ǰһλԲͨˣͨ˲źãͨ˲ܵõˮнһٵĻᡣ
£۾ֱֱĶС
ȷʵˮ
еȻһЦ˵
ʲôС
ɣ̲סʶĳ嵽еǰոֻǱܵ׷һ䣬û뵽Ȼζ뵽ĻشˮѽǶôϡȱ䣬Ȼˡ
첻ɣ塣
ԣһ̣Ҳɵͨͨľ
Ҫ֪ǹغȺĴ¡
ҸƧĵطġ
ƽ˵
ãɣеǴ͵ľң
ɣϺԥ˵Σһݣôûзĵ
Ǿ͹ϲλ
ЦǺǵ˵ܹɽףȻϲּġ
Ͼɣǿǲ˿ϱء
һ·ɣϽɣУһ֮ڡУܿĳ䷶ΧСһӦȫһȻϢ
ڣɣԶɣ裬ϵȵ裬Ҷֳɫ裬ú󣬿㣬ѪΪᵽһĲڸʿ˵ϱҩ档ôࡣ
ȷʵǺò裬ѵõĺò衣
оƷеĽ裬Եͷ̾κζֻҪУʳζܻΪѪֻһ裬Ѿңܹ֮Դ
ϵȵ裬϶ˮгݣζȻһ¥
ип˵漴ּ䣬һֻС«ϣ磬ˮ
ˮݲ裬ΪԲǼ򵥵ݳ޿ݡ
ɣϵ۾Ѿǿ«ϣ۾ˡ·ҪֱӶ«
ˮ
Ļһ˿
ˮ
׵ͷ϶
ɣעãĿȣȴûùȥˮȻܿտڰߣҪˣľɣ档ǵ棬ûôۡ
׵ѣֻҪԸһ«ˮɣԸõĴۡɣһ󣬳˵Բ˿ģǽ£֪ѿ֪µء
Ըꡣ
Ȥѯʵ
²ڵ£һֱƤĤ֮УƤĤȫΪһ£һȥƤĤԾеǹ룬ˮֵЧƤĤķ鱦ơȻԪЧͬȻƤĤÿʱÿ̶ȻԪܹѪ⣬Ϊصϵĸ򣬸ӵܷŴΣյĸдΣһԶǧס
ɣһһ䣬µ˵
ʣؼ䣬ʿΪ֮֮͵ֻҪһ£УȫʿӵнղӲҪ˵ЧûһǷûһá
ǶЩʿǾ޴ʿȻԷǿȣʼղʿǶɶ򱦴һˣͻ;ôܲӣ£һĽݾӻɺɿຣֵ֮ߣ֪
ֻǣã˵û̫ôΪµĹЧǸǿǱأٽ
ȷʵǺöñκ鱦ѷɫڼֵϣ鱦Ķ屦һ«ˮȻû⣬ԽСһ£ҪѯһµѣȻӦ񣬲ӰһεĽסЦЦ˵
ԼòϣɴҲǶĹ屦˲
ˮֻ«õˣֻһЩʱѡ
׵뽲
ɣɫһֱ˵
ʵĳݣǴʥͥеĵѪʥ뷷ΪңһֱһḻΪѰѣѰԽ˵Ŀꡣ
ɣңл˿ܱ֯ϱ£νǵּգڸУҲǶһݡԣĳҪףɣˣΪѣ˫ͨޡҪʱҴ׿ΪǿСУ˿زӵȵĽȨ
еȻһЦƽĽѾ׼õ˵˵˳
ҲĿġ
ΨһֶΣתһЩҲδزܴĿꡣ


1913 ɣ
ɣԶԴ״ô£ܼܹɽɵĺܣڱ֯÷һϣѳԽ׷ϵĴڡóȥǶĲ÷ʦ֯£һ壬ֱĽ˶
˵ˣסףףûκġ
Ǿ˫˫ӭ
ԭ׵ѾȻԴʥͥǴףѹ֣ѹӵˮɣҲһ𾪣漴һȻҲֻݣܾ˴
ȻĽ֮⣬ҲɣϰԺ
аԳ׽ˣϵ׽ãɣӵһǿѣ˳ﵽʥͥǶĴܼǿߣҲܶԴӣ۾˵
ɣУ໥ѹǲҪĶ⣬ɣӵر֪֮Ϊһ⡣ʱ׼ҧһڡ
ϣûʲôҲ˲ңֻڼͺñһε˥֮ĪȺϵĽѡ
һСģͻȺش
飬ʥͥ⣬ϵڱдΪѣ߱ǳģοڴʥͥɾδʥܹͥƵģֿͥͥԣȫڵģһɣǽ۾е顣
ܽˣδزһĺ¡
ɣܻᱻʥ̲ͥĿܡҲֻһֿܣδؾĻᣬҪĳֲΣУδɣɣб;Ѫһ㣬ϣѾܹһЩ
ĳ֤֤ɣΣգһǲ㹻ǰ֧Ԯǽ׵ĽƬɿԶɣԼ
ٴ˵
ݳŵѾ൱ء
ѣ޽Լ£δزɣɣϲɱ¾ǽΪѣҲΪṩսһ㣬Ҫס
ɣһ˵
ʱЦˣѾĻеľƽ˵ڴУصģֻս֪ʶǼգ֪ʶ֮⣬֮ɣ弼նһ޶Ǵصġ
棬ǽ˵Ļһ㣬Ҫڣؼԭʼķ
˵ҪˣȻΪ棬˵ʲôȫǿЦ
˵׳գֻԼɵӡ
ˣ˫ܵõôǳõĽ֮
򣬶¥һ㡣
ãԼҿӦ˫档
ɣϡ
鱾ûʲôԾܾġû̫Ӱ죬ǰҲǱ֯£˺ҲǱ֯££˭Ƕͬġû
Լ㿴û⣬û⣬ǩԼӴ˫ѣ֦ͬ
Цóһᣬ򿪺һԼĸԼո˵û𣬶ң棬ѾӡŴ׵Ĺ֮žԵЧ
ɣϸۿҲǩ֣ӡҲζţԼʽʼЧ˫Ѿѡ
׽˺ɣҲܹоԼɣˣԼ䣬һξҵ·һνˣѾ˵õǡ
ˣ˷仯֪ʥͥεȵľˣӰεȵĿ¡
ߣȥǿήɣô¡ˮﻹһЩʱһǡЦ˵ǩԼǾѣȻ̬ҲֵĽȻͬɣӸһ
Ȼٺò
ɣϵϲ
ɣ飬һֱͷڵõˮȻҪȲĽЩɣҪǳȥ˵ܵȾ࣬޴ѹ
ڸпήɣ
ɣϵĴ£ת۾һɣǰ
ܿһɣݼߣҲǧ꣬ɢܸܵһֻǣȴϵɣҶϿݻƣ㡣ͨ嶼һŨŨ·𣬱ѾսᣬԪڲɢ
Ȼ˥֮
ڿҲоܵҪԶ룬Ȼֻ˥ܾ֮ǧս̫Ե
ţھͿˮûá
ɣһס«ֶһ˿԰ףǾ˵ʱ̡
δ𣡣
򿪺««У·ܿ˸һξӨ͸ˮδӺ«ǣɣȥڵϣУɲǼ䣬Ϳɫ˸һŨŨ˲Ӹ֣ңѸٳɣӹȥգۼ䣬̺ĸ˥֮Ȼٱһɨա
ˮ̺ǿֱӾɣ仯һƬƬήҶٵ㣬ţһƬƬʵҶ֦ϳ˳ӷѿչٵ󣬽䣬Ѿɣԭȹͺͺ֦ϣѾܼɣҶǡ
һܸܵе
Ч
ЧˮȻĿϴ˥֮
̫ˣɣоˣǲǨˣɣоˡɣˡ
ϱˡ
ܵĲŮͽĿеĹעһ֮ǰʮϾûг£˭֪ˮ׻᲻Чۿɣľ괺컯Уһϲ
Ͼ˭ҪǨơ
ư
ЧȻЧ
ɣĿãҲһ󼤶ѹеһʯͷڿˡ

붼룬һԺ«һһεˮ֮֡
ͨ꣡
ֱˮΪɣнһ̺ˮꡣ
˲䣬ܼϸѾϻ££أή˥еɣԡ꣬һ꣬Ѹٵϴȥԭȵ˥֮»ָǻ棬ȫۿԿõġ
Ųϻָľ󣬴Ů϶¶ԵЦ⡣
꣬һ갡ˮ꣬Ǻôֱʡ
һȻܿԬѾһԣһ꣬̾
ⳡУ֪ٱͨɣɣɱ䡣һ컯
ˮĹЧʵ̫ˡ
⻹Ҫл׵ѵˮɣҲ¶Цݡ
ɣԽ࣬ɣͺôԽȫø컯
ԣ˥֮Ե¡ˮȻɣ룬ȴûг׾£ڵ£ƺһԴͷȴû¶ϲãüͷ֮ǰɣ뵽˥֮޷ȷˮϴ£طϴӣΨһطʼһ˥֮ĥ


1914 ê
ȻȻԴͷ鷳ˡ˥֮ԴͷҪôڶ˥ĴܣҪô˥еĴܲкߣ˭ǡ
ɣɫ䣬ԭϵϲɫһɨաֻоڼȫ֣֮ɣǴûǹĵˣƽ޹ʾ֣֮Ƕôε顣
ߣȥ˵
еȻһЦ
ɣ룬ĲŮһ壬ɽˣĿѾɣ飬ȻȤ飬Ȼûвȥʶһĵ
顭氡
һ𣬴һȥ
˷ܵ˵һ²ģ
㣡
ζЦЦһ֣һȻһڣȻֱӳŵ³ȥûУͷ·ˮʵĴأû˿赲
Ҫ֪ڣϣһӦȫУûд·Ůƿأ֮УҲˮ⴩Уκ谭ңٶȼ죬֮Уνǳ뻯
գۼ䣬һƬ
Ȼһ䣬ȻһƬռ䡣
һ¿ռ䡣Χ󣬴ֻɼǧҡܱҲûͨ
ʲô
۾ϬƬռ䲻ûйߣǶԣֻҪԸ⣬ͬһ㣬һܿƬ¿ռλãȻһ塣
һֻצӣһֻʮ־޴ľצֻѾնϣѾϰ׳ֻצӿʮңͨ崫ݳһָܵϢãɢһ˿˿ĻҰ֮ϵĳɢݣƮ֮⡣
˥֮
ɣɫ䣬һŵĻҰ֮û뵽˥֮ȻǴðģֻצ֪ʲôȫ˥֮Ⱦûнצո飬ǳˮнα겻αҪ˶ãɣ뻹ѵС
ֱǻа
ɣ嵽ʲô
ֻצֻ²򵥣оһ˿൱ϤϢⲻ籾צӡпžצеȤԽӵŨоϤ
Īʲô֡
Ӻѯʵ
Ͼɿֻצ
צ⣬Ӧ硣һ顣
дһ˿ص˵
ʲô硣
ɣϻǺӣǷһĵľȿ֪
磬ûнȥȴԲû˵Ҫ˵ҹ໥⣬ǲݣΨһ磬ԾǱ磬ȴǲҹѷɫֻǣʵ֮䣬ңഫ粻ֻһڵ磬硣ʵ磬໥ġ
磬ҹҲͬ硣
ഫͨģǲģ˭ܿ϶
Ŀ£˭µĵطʵǿ󣬶Īķһֻϣǰһ׿ԲһпɱǧɵȻһˮǰһͨˮһɿĶˮǵµ顣
µġ
У˭֪ᷢʲôҲУԶ
ʧУ
ʲôӺɣҲֻǵ;˵ɾˣܸܵеĿ£֣׼䣬ǾԲѡ硣
Ľء
ҪĥֻצѣצϣӦһֻêêƬ¿ռ硣ڲϴɢݣֻ˥֮˵һͨͨԽʵɣС
л˵
ʵķѾʼܱ߲ãζţѾһֺʵص
ô죬ֻצǷԴݻêɣɫ൱ÿϾһͨɣ룬ֱ֮֡Թ¶ƣ˭֪ᷢʲô顣
ܣצֻһֻêêǶλҪ編ûжܱʴʱĥצƽĿܣʷѾܱʴצû̫õġ⣬ֻצӦеһ𶥼ǿߣǶɽٻ˥֮Ϊ⣬նһצıУǻ˭צê򣬿϶䱾ڵλ򡣽䱾ٴڲ޲ڿٵͨ
ҡҡͷ˵
ֻܴͨڲ޸Ҳ˵棬Ҫǲȥ磬Ǿֻܷӡ޲ĥͨ
ƿ֮ţʥͥİնԾ껯ǰ̽գ˽⣬˵ȺܶҪḻĶࡣͨ飬֮һ
ôǻҪ硣ɣɫһ䣬Եúѿǣȥһ޸ͨǸ뿪硣޷뿪óУʱ
һ⡣
õģ޸ͨԽêֱӴзءȻêҲʧһݣپʴ͸
Ц˵ңһΣ׼ǰɣΪɣ峤ðգ˭֪ʲôǳʲôˣ
ҪʲôµĻɣ֮Ľ˾ǳ׷ˡ
ο磬Ҫǰһˣؼ䣬Ҫ˵˿ڣûʲôطֻ࣬ҪõǾҪķһֽšѰ˿ڵĽݾ֮һǰҲδɡ
ңһǶѾá
ӹЦ˵
֪Լݺͱøӵ˼ɣ˾Ǳһëع鱾ѡûʲôþµġ
צߣе˥֮ٴȾɣ룬һУǾС
еȻһЦ
ּ䣬ֱӽֻľצսУľצȻطֱӷŽ磬Ի֮ȻȻڣΪ֮ĸһеսᣬԴǾ˥֮ľצҲ⣬ᱻ
ܿצԭڵλϣռĳֳһŤõ״̬ʮֹ졣編ʴڵľ
ҪҲһȥ
ɣĿãæ˵
ãģѾˣȻӲܡ
Ц˵漴̤䣬ѾϸСͨǰΪһ⣬ȻĴȥ
ȵȰ
ҲʾΪһ⣬˽ȥ
ɣϿֻȷص档
ôȤһƬɭô
ӵĽдһ˿档


1915 С˹
ܱܿߣһƬïܵĴɭ֣һɢһֲֻľɢ˵ķҷԸУƯȻɽҪѷɫңôоãµĴأһһݣʵӺĴܣܿĻʵû
еЩһ
ûɣ磬ʵýΪξ磬ΪõʵξΪʵá̤ģ֮أУʵͷЩ߲ݣÿһһξ磬֮䣬ģͻ磬Ϊʵһ֡ˣľˡ
вûо֣Ѿ֪һЩ
֮أʵڣÿһأÿһ껨ľÿһˮĶطǣŹ䣬κпܷͷգɫݣÿһһξ磬ЩڲϵĵϵʱԿи׹䡣뵽硣
˵ÿʱÿ̶ţɱ䡣
޴ڡ
쿴ξ׹ˡ
ִָա
Ȼܿһöξݿ׹䣬Խǿ棬ܿݾԽ֮£Ȼܿһ½Ƭ۳ʵಿ֣ͳͳֻһƬС½ʵģ棬иĹã飬ȵȡ֪ʶһѾʧСΪʵһ֡
ܿξ飬۳ʵξ屦׹벻֪
ȴű˷֡
Уɱлȡʱͨǹ伮пܡĹ򡣡
ѵ
֮˵ĸڣ棬ԴȪ
׽֮Уս磬Ϊ˻ɱȡ챦ÿ춼дĵرжնҪԴǴӻҰУڵкܴһ֣Ǵеõġ
֮ͨŽ磬䣬ҲֻʧһͶӰȻԱЩˣһ޴󰭣Ҫеõһ챦Ǿʲô׬ˡ
ҪȻ֮еİգٶȲ̫졣
磬ȡ֮֮ߵıء
ǰǣ㹻˵ȥðա
ڴУǾΣ룬һ⣬ǾĻ˭֪ᷢʲô顣
лԵɲСģ
Ȥ̫˼ˡ
ЦһȤⶫϲˡ۾гһϸˡ
ȿܣֻ¶צԲ̫Զǽצγɵê磬չӦǳڱ帽򡣾о룬Ҳ̫Զ
л˵
ˣоˡ
ֻˣһֻǶëˡÿѽ
죬ȥˣо˳û
ʱͻȻ䣬һ󾪻ҵĺ˶ߡ

ü¶һ˿֮ɫȻͻȻֵЩɻ۾ɨӹȥȴ֣ܱ߲ûˡ
ܣ¡
Ҳ̽ܣһ۾ܷ֣ΧûʲôûʶĳŽһһҲɵ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ˣöˡ
ֻǣ˵Ҳ̫Сˡ
ϸȥȻܿڵϣ֪ðһȺˣһֻϴСˡһȺСˡϸֻ¸Ͳ֣ᷢϵľȻһȺˡ
СˣҲ̫Сˣǰɴûпʵ̫Ȥˡ
۾ɵϴȤĿȺСˡò˵ʵ̫Сˣһȥ¾ͿԲǧֻһȥܽǸɵ
ܿĳȺС˵Уһֿ־塣
кͺУǾǲ۲۵ľ޴̫ˣֱǸɽֹ
ڵϣС˽С˹ȡ
ȻֽʮϸСССȴһӦȫǷݻǹ·ĹСĲֱµҪ÷Ŵȥۿ
һۿȥС˹еˣòĻֳֵģңǰЩѾطûУǾȫˡ
ӭУԲ̤˹Ĺ
С˹Ĵٷ
ȻƣѾҪǳ֡
ٳǳء
ʮ֮ࡣ
ÿһսףԴ¶ıȴʮֵ࣬һ־ȻļᶨѾ϶ԼûлȥĿܣˣʵ̫ˡ
ֵǣҪ£Ҳһаˣɱ
ֻһ췢ŭ
ԾˣҪһ֧Ӱ
һ𣬴ŵսϣֱ£ȻԱοֲĶëˡ
İʿ¶ܻδƴɱͱŵΪʿη塣ԵǾΣҪþ˵ѪȾĹѫ
¶ʿȫð˵ɫ档
ȫȻսڻİ¶С˹ж¶֮ɫһǰʿһǿƻ
ǰʿǿ߲еİ棡Էܾп񱩵Ĺ޼᲻ݡγɶ򡣡ʿ̾
¶ȼա
㻮Ƴգգۼ䣬ͳںǰȻһԾֱӲںӵĽϡ
Ȼ󡭡
ͣ
ӽűϥǣֱӳСӲϵԾһҪֱӳԴϵ̬
͡
¶һɹġ
ȥ
нʿķź˸ϣĹâ
ʲôˣʲôʱһֻС顣
ֻǣڰ¶ӼʱҪͷֻ֣޴۾¶һĨ֮ɫȻڼһһ¶ֻоǰһڣ·춼Ȼһʹ֮ͷһҽУصڵϡһңѾǷǣһˡ
ң
ǲҲ̶á
һĻС˹˷ܵźһŵСôҲû뵽ԼǿĽ֮һȻڳëǰ׾ͱɱֱһֻԵĴ
ǵĽȻһֻ飬׾ͱ

漴͸оһ޷ܵĴϯİͱɿ紵ķ׷󵹷ɳȥŽڹ
֧˲ɾ
ǻ棬˾̾
ȤȤȤеôҲ̫ˡ
ӷһЦȫûиܵж¡
ʱˡ


1916 ҹɭ
ôˡӲĿգܸоһӾͱڵġҹʱж೤ʵЩ׽
Уÿһ򶼲ͬҹõƵʲͬпܣǺҹɭ֣ǰ磬̫൱죬ʷıãûκιɿԡǰһǰ磬һǺҹⶼпܣһֱļأҹúڵķ򶼻ᷢı仯ʱҪСġ
΢΢üɫص˵
磬СĶΪʲôпܷ޴ڡ
쿴ô¡
ͻȻһֽС
ֻ֮ǰߵС˹ںҹʱһɹķ֡ţͿЩֻϰССˣһӾͷ췭ظı仯ڷֹͣıգۼ䣬ͱǵһͨ˵ĸ߶ȣ⻹Ǽޣڱ
ʮף
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
һɣ

̼䣬ϣѾΪһвǧɵľˡɢϢ֮ǡ˵ѪҲͬ
ɽˣˮˣ۾ˣ̩̹ˣˣа۾ˣҾˣ˵ȵȡָľˣֻ벻ûﲻڵġʵ̫ˡ
С˹ȫ˾
һµ£ɢ˸оϢһ㡣ԶƵĿ־塣⻭棬̫£һ𣬶ܾԪ񾳲εս񾳣߽龳Ŀ¾ҲûС
ؼǣʵ̫ˡ
У
Ժӽ޷ԸĿһ仯ҲɵĵһһȺϣһӱһ޴ĿٽŴ󺺣֮ȣ͸оԼŮһ־޴ķ඼Ҫֹͣ
Ҳ̫˰ɡոհһܴǡ⡭ֱ
̲סƿڴ
ϻΪˣаŰ
Ҫ棬ǾԲŵġ磬ʲô鶼пܷȻһ㶼ûд
СģЩ˲öԸѾûǣг塣
ͫһ˵ЩѾ֮ǰСˡңʧǣȫΪµǻһне𹥻ֱɱΪֹ
Щˣ£µǣ̫࣬ϰǶôµ֡
߾Ϊүүǳصģɱ
һʱ׹һûκγɣϽһ֮ǡ
պ壬񱩣
ôʾոջֻһȺϣȴһȺˣܣʲôսˡ˵¶ſڷһȡ
ȻǣΪϰɣǧɡϸǱһɫ⣬ϵϢ˲䱩ǡѪ񱩡ֱϣӿһ̣ɢϢ֮ǰ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ɫѪ̰γһǿ
Ͽͨ
˲䷢췭ظı仯
˿Щѷɫǿ£Ѿ龳ս֮ǰҪǿֹս֮ǿ龳УǶ⡣
£һɽˡ
ɽ˷ŭִӵһץʯ۳һ޴ʯ׺ݵķ𹥻ֻǣ£ʯѸٱ飬һʵʵͷϣԴҸϡáķѣ
ͬʱһȻ䣬ԭسһ˫ף˸Źâ
ʲô
Ӳ
Ǿڵ֮۳ıƽ˵˫һ۾ܿƷײͣǼñ
ñ
۾ܵľˣȫ͸ǿһ·ı

ҲûгɣܼľڲϯѾе·ȫ˵ǱװΧҲΪһ̣һսûѡ
ϲûоš
ĳҲ¹
Ż£ȻԿͷֳͼͼͼУĿصĻ档棬һ¶һĨķâ
ˢˢˢ
һӻлڵϣǰ
һΣûгɣǧȫֱ֡ܣԲͰ󡣽ȫػм䡣
ԸԳǹɨС
һźźУſȵĳ̶ֳϣʿеĿͽʥͽȫһԸΪ˷һСҲϧ
ܺãЩ˸ȫɱһ
׵ͷȻ˵
ڵɲһĵЩ겻ϴ£Դѻ£Ǿųȥɱ¾еȫѾתǴﵽת۷壬ʱнתĿܡ
ǣ
ɱ
ǧͬķ
ܿĳɢս⣬ѾŨ£ƺʱ緢
Щÿһ׶ߣߴƬâһһ̣ȻȻĻΪһսףսסȫ˿ûаͻĳгʣޱȣѹȻɢѹ¼󲿷鶼żѹƣȾѷɫ
ңһ룬ͬʼǡ
գۼ䣬ͻΪһǧս塣
塷ѾΪĵز
˿һʱͿѪ̣еǹ˸ŷâˡ
Ȼɫս׵һǹ̳ǹ·һɫ磬˲仮ƳգһͰԵ̬һˮࡣţǹһתֲ޾ķ˸ֱӽʳѪƬ֮ѪⶼһɢΪһֻˮƿӡ
вͬѪ
ӵв֮ͬйءЩͼжԡ
ڰ䣬ľˮ綾ױȵȡЩԣϡı仯Ȼʮ־˵ġ˿̳֣ǳչ¶׺ս
ˣֱ󷨷𹥻ÿһǹȻһǹ¡ÿһܸܵһְԵ
һŶǹ۰˷
磬ˮɽ溣ɣħ졣
ǹ޵ĲǼգǹ⣬ǹΪһ壬ǹ⡣ǹ֮£޲档ֿɱһеǹ£¼䣬޲ɱ
棬޼᲻ݣ޷ơɵ
ܿЩ˷Ĺͬ£ǵصˮ⣬ɨữΪˮȻǹ£Ȼ飬а۾ųµ깥ȴ޷־ƽ˵Ļƽƣǹ¶
ھ˹³ˣϹâһ˿Ѹϡ


1917 һ
ĲǿǣǿĻָתֲȱƾǿѪ֫׹սлָƣֱǳԷˮһ򵥡׾һֻĲܡܺãɭҹ仯췭ظƾЩ޷ֹҵĽŲÿܱܳۼ̧ۿ˷ϯľ˴
¼䣬ȻܿϣȻ䣬һ
һ
ȫܿһצһ֣;ͣΪǧɾ޴ۣצеһУÿһǹεȻȻĳգķ顣
䣬ûκγɣѾž˴гɱȥ
̽צβſ³Ϣ
˲Ϣ䣬µÿһצ̺˼ΰ̺⣬ܽһӵ¡硶Ʒ̽צʽȷצ֡ȵȹ伮󣬳Ϊһ֣һһ޲̺ǿ⡣
ͬʱͨ
צΪںϵǽϱԴֽͨУ硣һϢǧɫУһ⣬ܻΪµͨ׾١ƻ֮ܿһƬƬѪȷ粻ϱ
ǿͷųһצܾսѾ龳ĽޣʥͼͨôȻ̺ͨ飬ͨ飬һֵ̨־
ӿҲаһ˿𾪡
ÿμг֣һľĸоͬУоǱҲδػǶ֣ɱѷֽͼͨ۳̫Եˡ
˴УǷɱ¾ֱ

ٴ³һ
¼䣬Ȼڣٴ
һڵצħżĺڰսһɫצҲų֡
ˮ
һֱսսӡצսϴ֮޲ǴѪȷ磬һצ¡ֱͨǲҪǮһ㣬ĳž˺ɱȥ
䣬ɱ˳ǧˡ
⻹㡣
ھֱھ˴սܼĵطʱ

б³һ
¡¡
ڻһ£ϵ˲䱩ǣﵽһּޣޱȿ񱩵Ҳڷɢ֮Ȼըѡһ룬޷ݵĿ֮糱ˮ˷ϯȥ֮˵ķѣʳƬΪ࣬׷顣
κԱܱԶԭʮǰٱƻӲҪ˵̨ԱһԱµ֮ȫս׸ס
һ˲䣬ض·ʧȥɫ
ˣ׷䣬֮£˲ء
ײУĲһײС
ӵһһ̲ĸܵеʵжǿ̨׵ĵ̨ҪȻܷӳǿս⼸һ֮£ݻ

ڵϣܿɢ챦Щлּ䣬ȫȡС˲һɨգǲһɳ
ٶȣúӶЩĿɿڴ
ˡ
òŷһ̾
ıһΣա
аԵͷЩ˶ǿս֮۳ıȻͨ챦ʲôСǲϻҩҵõ챦Ҳ棬ֱܡ
ֲԼĿڴ
ع顣
ǧһ䣬ȻΪһ⣬ٷͼСǱޣܴȴһγսĻᡣ棬ǿԲϱǿ
ô죬ʥǽոյľˡҪôӿʱҲɵһĨηⲻǱģȫΪʵԵʡ嵽ˡ
ҹɭԶԶеô򵥣ãֻ֮ǰС˹˾˹ôɭУѵû֣ͲиӿµĶ
вûб¶κֹ۵ı顣
ոյԱ£ƻ֮ǿУռҲŤ飬ֳľ󡣿ٿܣľľǻݣûгʲôˣ·ոյսֻһλһ㡣ٵġûзһ
Ź֣ǹŹ֡
ҲΧĹ죬ȻоͷƤһ顣
ƺΧĿУݳһĪĺ⡣
Ŀˣ𡣡
ʱһ˻ƵĻڿлص
˭
ӷһȡֻ۾ɨܡҪҳеߡ
һֱû뿪
ǵЦ
漴Ϳһ˫˫۾ˡ
Щ۾ϣӻϣ¶һסһ۾ܿЩףű䣬Щ۾ɺ졣Щľȫɾˡ
ܸоϴݳ겨
ǻ
顣һѯʵȴûκ֮УոѾоɭѾһ޴֮ǿȫһֿµ֡
ԳΪ顣һд֯һһħĿϳԺ
ˣȥ
ӷһŭۼ䣬ͳһص˹ȥ
飡
Ȼ򣬹鷢ˣʱȻĴǹϴȥ·ֻһӰ㣬ڣڵϣһȴûжԹκˡ
ǾƬɭ֣ɭ־ǣɭ֣ǾԶٳȥǽ˯õĳߡûõġô
ɭֶૡ֮һƬƬҶڲһһ𣬷·һص¡£鲼գɭ֣ûκԴԴϵĳԺУУݵʶС
ʲô۾
ԡУԸоƤ·ǧأһ˿˿º£·Ҫױպʶʼٶۣһհס޾ƣ븡ԺС
·ĸλڳƣ룬Ҫ˯ߵѶš
¡˯䣡
£֤ĶܣһҪ˯õĳ˯УԶԶĳΪҹɭеһ֡
ܿӳ˯仯³룬УƤΪһſ˫֣Ϊ֦ڳ˯
ͬͬı仯ȻĻΪһ
һڳ˯ž


1918 
е˼ҹɭֹȻ򵥡˯䣬£Ҳ˵иֱﻤ»˯֪ڴ˳٣Ϊҹɭ֣һ֡Ҫҳҹɭۣ֮֡áһͷ
ⷢı仯ڼֻǣȴû˯Ҳû³١ʱӵԺصа޾޽ٶɶػصĵˮ©һ˿˯仹ͻƲЩػ
ȴûţҲûз
ڿӱһ֮һ˳Ӧҹɭִı仯
ҲŻΪһ
ڱɴͬʱܹоԼ˫ų룬ڴУһӴмȡֹ֣̲죬ֻάһ״̬֤˯ʱֱ֡Ӵ䵽ڵģܹıաҪܻΪ衣
·ҹɭ
˵ȫһֹ䡣
ǣΪͬʱһȻڣԺУȻϢĿٳһϡǵģһϡ
ϣ
γɵͬʱҲĸоһ˿˿صʷϣл۹ȥϷϣ⣬γɹϣҲɵĹǹĪ⡣
ңŹֵʵϣ·Ǵӽĸ뼳ȡڿٳϺ󣬷·ڤڤеĵϾҪʧҪ䡣
ҪϣһССĹеһֶѣԶԶһҪࡣȻˣ˵ͣͣ
аԷһЦ
ϹҲܣվԼģʲôʱǾԼ˵㡣
һ䣬ֱӴ߶µĸ룬ԴУؼ䣬ԴԴϵȡеķϡʱҪֹͣݻϣ֮ٴοʼݻַԽԽŨԽԽĹϣѾʼ仯
һֶصʷڻۡ
ͬʱںУεڣһɰ֮ԴĹעС£еķ˲䷢ɱ䡣ʷγɡ
ϣ
һ˲䣬һѶϢ֮ԺС
ֱӴӹϣɱϣУγһĹ֮ȫǹɱ䡣
ֱ֮ͨӻΪһ֮Լȡξ֮Ϊеߣκι֮ܶܡ
ܺãǰδеĺáҪͣҲԽƾͼơӴ֮޾֮
ѾΪһ֮ϣ·ܿףÿʱÿ̶ڱãʿһֻۣ¶ᵱ񣬻ᱻµ֮ʴ
ҹɭҪͬƫƫӦ룬κμ̵ıݣǴڲƵġΪ֮ĸĤУɢ
һ䣬ĸ룬ңЩѸøӴ׳ԴԴϵȥ˷ɢ
ʮɣ
ʮɣ
һɣ
գۼ䣬͸ɣǧɵķΧ
ͬʱһɹִӵ˳Ÿ룬ڻۡ
֣ǴУ޴ڵ֮ԴԴϵ֮˷۶ڣϻ۹ȥ֮ı仯Ͽռڵ֮ʼٳɳӦģ֮ſһʮɵƵӡ
ṇ̀ʵ̫ˡ
գۼ䣬֮ͳΪҹɭߵһꡣһǧɸߣңڻܱߣһ·׷׿ή˲ϢѾ׵㡣ʮֿ¡˺Ĺ⣬ԲǧɣѾûһŹ
ȫеϡ
Ϊ֮һա
Ӵ󣬺þ˵֮֮ȡ֮ߵĴ󺣡컯һΣ컯ࡣҲɷ˷ܵź
ֱ֮Ӽȡ֮Ǹо͸׸һҪж١
ûд֮ڽԴǧڵĹɵ󣬾ûм֡ǽأ籾ȡ
̣ÿ䣬ȡ֮㹻һֱͨӽԪ񾳵衣Ӵ󣬿֪
ԴԴϵ֮ʱͻȻ䣬ԿڣƾճһУкȻľͽ֮ϯȥȻ󣬾ôʧ
¡¡
֮ںУܿڣ֮ԴԴϵӿ룬·һУвӿ֡һֺתΪ֮Ϊһ֣û翪ʼš
ٶȣϣ಻
ȫۿɼٶš
һɣ
ɣ
ʮɣ
ɣ
ٶȣֱ˾̾
Ҫ֪ⲻֻǻţʮ磬Ҳڸš̶̼䣬һ
ÿܹһһСʱʮһǷԲһǧİʮҪˣ컯пйҲ̲ס඼ڷ
Ҫ֪Щ꣬ƴȫҲڿռﵽԲǧ緽ԲǧļޣһμľҪߣķѵԴ
ڣֻҪôȥÿ춼Դȡ֮úڵ磬ȫŷԲһǧİʮʲôֻҪʮ죬ŷԲһ죬ͿŷԲʮһʮһǧİֱ컯ޱ
Ҫñ۵һ˴ĺôǵҲûʲôԵġ
һʱ䣬ȫƾһ㣬ʱڣıȡ޴ôֻҪʮ꣬úǧ۷塣пӴǧʸ
ζʲôô̫ˡ
ǲ˴ۣʱڣȡ޴棬վﶺ̫ʱ䣬ҪúıС
ڼȡ֮һϸˮǲһУǶͲһĴ󣬻ֱӾеĿ־ʱ򣬱ȻֲܿĴ
ϾȡıԴһ֣Ǻ֪ȫԵġ
ʱ򷢻ӳ֮ˡ
һиڴ
֮ɲֻܹΪеߣܹ֮ٳһʥء飬γһƬ죬Ϯ
ͺñȵͯһͯ򣬾һʥءֻǣܱӵģͯξе顣


1919 ʥ
ͯ򣬲ͯξ飬ɹ֮ٺдͯһͯͯУȥɣ棬ĻܵʴҲ˵ǰһϣһǿֲΡʺ
һ֮֮ƵĴڣԱӣٳһʥءʲôһ㣬оͲǺֻڻ֮󣬾ͱܵĶЩ˽һ
ҪʥأȾҪʽ硣磬ʥķָߣ赲סйķ֮ʹ֮Ըǵɵ߸Եĸı䡣
͸Եû
е򣬾һʥء
ʥؾʲôģȫʥصĴ־
磬׽ͯ飬γͯʥأͯ飬ԽȥԶȴһʱޣͻᱻֱųȥ
׽ͯ׽ˣ׽飬׽ģָͬЩһʼѾȷ׼ǲĵġһȷʥؾͻɢһֶصɶ˷ɢȥʥػӵ飬
õĹ
ʥأ飬֮ͣһ֣ƴҪȥ
ʥعɽ롣
вûгɣһ䣬Ѿȷ¶صʹȷͬʱһɶȻȻĳ˷ɢȥϴݵܱԺС
˭ĸоһʥصˣң׽壬Ըܡ
ҪǣѶϢУֱӴݳж٣ɶ١ںܶʥ˵ǲܵ顣ٴҲɵļޡݳģ𺳵顣

磬ʥز֪ж٣ܸǵ򣬾֮٣󲿷ִξ֮д飬пֻ죬ǼСʱͻ޴ڵΣյУ䣬˵ʱпܲԼġ
ԽʱԽԽᵽĿ¡
ÿʱÿ̶ÿʱÿ̶µξ׹硣
ǻţҲϡʵǿҲұ֤Լһܼȥӿ£Ϊûй򣬱޴ڡ
˿ֻ̣ҹɭֲԶһ֧ڻҰĬĬоֻ࣬вʮЩܿͷ϶Żƽ
ΧǾӣдİաֻ²¼ʮһƼݣ϶Ůģʱ˵ǰ;УΧȻУȴֻ֮ܽһߣڿûС
оʥأԸʥذ
һ̣εɶһ¶֮ɫ漴һĿϲ˷ܵΪ׵Ľǰ
̫ˣʥأ˵еʥذ˵ֻҪʥأͿҲþͻȻ䣬úһԼѾɳ˵ħ
ǰĪľͳУܻ͸Ҫȥܻţ˭
⴦ʥأ޵Ľգǰİգ̫ˣоˣоˣѶϢƬʥأﲢԶȥʥأһҪȥʥء
գʿһ̳׻Ȼ¶֮ɫ·һӴӾпϣʥأǲûʥأģҪôѾԱģˣҪôǽģǾ֮⡣ȥӲҪ˵
ھȻµʥأǺڰеһ⡣
˲˵ġ
ȥһҪȥʥء
ҲҪǰʥصĵ·ϡ
ȥʥذɡ
ȥʥذɡ
ŽǶ֪л֮ģŻЩˣʥأϣ˰
շźǳϣĺ
Ϊ׵Ľܿһĸ㣬Ƿйâһ۵ʡֻǣ۵ܿһ˿ƣ롣
ֻǣһ̣Уͬһ˿ϣĹâʥصĳ֣һϣ֮⣬ɳĮеޣеƣ붼һɨա
˵ãȥʥأȥʥأһ԰ҵҲõ¡
¼䣬뽫ʿǣͬʱȸԾѡ

һɽУȻܿһǳǳУܿдգǽоӣǴĹЩйǽģڳǻģʼնȥȻڳǳе˴Ρߵʳʱȴ̳ȥ
ˣٵˣٵȥǼֲ˶ãҪˣոյõѶϢʥصȥʥвܻ
ǽں
֪ͨȥ峿׼ͻΧǰʥء

ڸУΪʥصĳֶ𶯣ӿʥأĸֻǲ֪ûʥصĵطȥǶôļѡʷ£ˣһ붼ᷢ䣬䡣ÿʱÿ̶Ҫڿ־СжʥأԸ⸶Ĵǰ
һ̣ʻҰеĶߡͨˡָԼͬ˳Ժеָҹɭֶģֹǳǧˣǰǧ˿ڡ
ֻǣܲյִǾδ֪⵱Уֻһִܹһ붼ûСȫʵǷ㹻ǿ
ӣ
˿̣ҹɭУнɭȫƿкҲʱ俴ӣĹɴڳ˯֮УȻոյĳ˯䳹״ˡ
ЩѲУһ䣬һѾӾѡ
ҵĹԹԣħȻˣ˯ôһˡ
ӵڹϣһľ̾жΣ˽⣬һΣҪߣֻ£Ժ󶼻һҪѹǲܵġǾ̫ˡ
⻹Ǹոս磬˭֪滹ʲôա
ѹˣȻ⡣
֮ڿһϣϱУ֮ǰΪֻ˯УΪһ䣬Ϳһ£Ѿ»Ϊһֻӡ
ʥôΪ壬Ҫôһ
ӹĿУѯʵ
ģмƽϣɣеԴѾҵһմȾ˥֮նϵצ׹ɣ룬رݣ䱾壬Ѿ䣬ھҹɭֵ£ʱֻҪٵʬ޲ͨͿǡ
ڽҹɭֻΪʥصͬʱѾƿһУȻҵ˸Դڡ


1920 ʥ
Բͨޣĳ̶ֳϣһ޼ĴڡйеβΣˮзߵĹԣһ֡
ɽɽԻ֮ɽˮɣעںлԣ״βԧ졣ʳ߲ף̡עߣ㣬
ԣҲֵһ֣ھѪɱˮսǿһʵǿ
ֻϧֻԲ֪Ǵʲôطðģѣ֪ôģմȾ˥֮ʱһģնһֻצӣҪʹ˰˥ֻ֮ϧûʲôô˥֮£һʬھͰڵ£Ϊҹɭֵһ֡
Ҫѣոһ䣬ѾǾ߾޴ʬսУñֻ֮Ҫȵ뿪ǰǰ͸γɵͨվͿԣٳϵ˵Ҫ¡׾١
Ȼڻ֮Ǽȡ֮ýݾȻÿһ춼ŷԲһǧɣ컯ôܹһʱһ̣һһ붼и˷Ѿǿɳܡڲ¶ݵʱ̣ÿȡһ죬Ǿ޴ջܴ
ңУ뻹ڲӣѳǸӹΧ
ʥȻѾ˴㣬ǰҲͲ˵ѵһΣȻգȷʵĺõطɲڱʥƿأȻȫȴ̫ݣʺ
ЦǺǵ˵ȴ¶һҹɭֵľ׸ܵĿ£ͬеս⣬ս⣬Աܡ
ܶ٣ʤĶս֮
Ҳãһӡһռšһ޷ӦԵΣգͿԴ򿪿ռţᶨλҹɭУ̤ȥܷٶ㼸Ǽ̫ԶҲƾԾΣͿԷءȻܣʱп޼ɵ̡ȵҪ뿪ʱҲͨ㴫ѶʱֱӷؾͿɡ
΢˵
ûȥƺӵΪǱͲǾ֮ĹϵûʸȥҪôֻ࣬ͬеĵѶѡ
ٺ٣ãлʥ
ӺԥĽӹȥЩǱı۾¶ˡ
˶ҲתͻΪһ⣬Žƿնȥ
ݷͨƣ
ѱԴ󣬴ӱǱߣ̳ͬеٵͨսʩչǵӦ֣֡ܿһ־ܾͨʩչɵĺܣգۼѾʧ
ӣçײֻҪпͷˡ
пҲǰҡҡͷ
ڱĵطçײУçײζΣգʱضпΣաǿΪ˭֪ǰΣջʲôطʲôʱСģΪ
ʱͻȻ䣬ֻһƿնȻľͻƽݣǰ
ǺȻһͭơ
ϣƺܿʵͼ
ʥǡֻпٳʥأнʥǵʸ񡣡
нƺһѶϢȻľͳԺС
Ҳɰ𺳣ʥʲô沢û˵ֻǣʥ֮ǰʥǾѾڣͨʥصܹ򿪴ţۼʥһ֮С
ڣʥ飬ܽ棬ûκƣֻǲ׼˽Դɱ򣬻ܵʥǵƲã𣬰ʥǵʸʥǣǹʥ齻ĵط
ѶϢÿһ£ʥǾͻῪһΣͿԽڣнף顣һͨʥصŦڡУһʥǡ
ʥǵжǣжǿû˿ֻ֪֪ڣɹͬڡûй̶ʼնƮ߮
˼̫˼ˣ֮ǰҴʥͥս磬ȴ֪ʥأʥǣеıɽһôܺã̫ˡô˼ܴʥҪȥǲеڣľӢ޾Դ
һȣһ䣬ȻԿǰâһһӰ֮˳
ϡ
ʥͥŮжŮɫϣûзϹŮ˱Ͳ̫Ŀܣ⡣ȻǣȺ£ٻޣڻУȻԡ۳飬ֱӻΪԴԭУԴеڿٳȫµϡ
ЩϣͼУһӦͳозϡ
ȻǷֻͨǣϣԷֳѷɫڱķǾ⻯кֲܶط档磬нëɷ۳һ⻯ֱԷ̺ķ۳ַţŵȱ㡣
ڳֵģȻԷ۳ķ
˵Ƿϣ뱾ԣûʲôͬġֻǣսϣûм̳ȫֻбҡ
ʥҪʮʱ䣬Щżȵʱ䵽ˣȥȻ֪ʥоʲôʱӦǡ
ǣһǰͶ壬Ѿҹɭ⡣
˿̵ҹɭ֣ȻԿһ߲ʵĽȻĸסɭָ
ɭ⣬ȻԿһȺ⡣Щˣʲô͵ĶУŴ磬廨ţǧٹ֣ңɫòвͬһ¶糾͵̬ЩǴڸ壬õѶϢ󣬲һУһʱܶ඼·ҲлҰеĴկ۴һǨơ
ЩżѼﻹŸСޡ
ڿǰ߲ʽеĹâȴǰδеǿ
ʽ磬ʥصı־̫ˣһʥأڵȵˡ
ȥҿȥֻнʥأܸõĻȥᱻĪȥҵĺҪˡ
ȥʥأȥʥء
岻Լ̤ͬҹɭ֣ǲ磬ûж˿׾ʹ·һһһȥܸоһֽȻͬĸоСûб仯б仯ؼķķѾ䣬ң򣬲棬䡣
һ㣬иоƽ·εĴɽŲ
֮ء
ʥأʥذ
¶ԵϲáѾʼδǿҵ㽡
û֮ͣڵλöȥַĵĺʹǰС
֪УѾһ޴ޱȵ֮£һӰǰԱߣһǧɴСĹţУݳõϢ


1921 ǧ
λʥصˣʥأգǰֻҪţִܵʥأ棬ǽӵȵ滷ԷϢܹҵЦſǰһ۶İգЦ⡣
ЩѾԼ׵񡣴ȥǴ׵ĸңģУȻмߵܹߵѣܴξ֮лǶУȻ̺ż˲šҪġ
̫ˣ̫ˡ
Ĺǰ֪ʥЩһôֻ࣬ҪܱǣǾʥء
ȹȥź浽ʲôġ̽Ҿͳǡ
һʿ󺺣˵Ŵ󵶣ռšһĵͨ˿϶ҪࡣʥصջѾûʲôΣտ赲ĽŲ
󺺴ºŶͷһֵϬǸֳϲնͷ겻ǧһǿ֪ʥǰû˱ܵĵ
ܱģȽȥ˵
󺺴ǰ̤ռš
еȻһЦ˿ûֹⱾҪġź棬ȻʲôʥأҲûдҪһʥطչ׳ȥźǺڵ硣רΪ׼ʺ硣
ǧĹأǧǼʮڣ˿ڣڻ¡ֵǸ֣иָḻԴȥֻҪͣԻúܺá
ܣնԴȴ󺺷أȴȷǱߵڵȴϣ
Ƭ̺
ֻռϹâһ󺺵Ӱٴγ֡
ֺϣ¶һֿϲһַĵϲá
ܣֵǣǣģźʥأûйûΣգɽˮо޴ƽԭзֵأо޴ĳǳء
ǡҵʥˡ

ڴЦЦЦţ˫ϥѾڵϣ顣
װ̫ˣ˭ĵӣ˭һĪûˣ˭ұ֤Լܻãģ󲿷ֶǴξ粻áʱ䳤ģѾˣɰ׹ˡ
ﻹδ
ǲǰһһѰ׹ǣʽ
ǶҪȥ
̫ˣлʥ֮ʥأȱصġҹ
һչʩ˵
ˣ񣬽ȥɣ濪ʼµǵδһƬ
еȻһЦ˵
ռͨ磬ʱ仳ٳ磬УȻν൱Ŀؼǣʱ٣粻ͬںԽʱ仳֮һٱһ꣬潫һꡣ
һ꣬ȫĴá
ĿֻһǾǣȡ˿ڣȡ㹻֧Ŵţŵ˿ڣ˲ţհȵƽһҪģ˿ڣ˿ڡһε潻

ʥء
շһĻͬʱռţ޴Ĺţһ㶼оӵһ̤ȥǰâһ£ѾһƬȻͬء
ɫģ̫档µĻ㣬п԰ҵľ޴ɳǡ
һеһУǵȫξвŻеΡ
ûľס֮أûܹ׷߽ɳС
棬ԴԴϵ̤ռڡ
˭ź󲢲ʥأ磬ǵˣѾзָȥӽ󣬽ӵи޿ܵδ
ܺãЩҴ׵δ
пԵͷеϲǲ˵
ڽռŵȺУܿиҵĶУˣʿͨգũ񣬴򣬻дţЩڳʱҲһϲȻһмʮѯʺ󣬲֪Ǵһȫ޲ξжȹ֮ٵˡ
ǸУǺͯѧѧϰ֣˶ѧĶΪ٣ֻҪܹ뿼ΪţǾˡղֶͨΡ൱˵á
Щ˵ѧʣȻǲġ
ôһѧʿȥȻڿռеķչмôˣԴУǼ뵽УҲд󲿷ֳɹΪһ֮šƿһ֮ء
˲Űٶ඼Ӷࡣ
иռյˣּգЩǺܾտֻҪȥ綼ܲɹ
ɫɫ˶ܿ
лһȺ֦չ¥Ůӻ۳Ⱥ߽ռСҲ΢΢鴤ѯ£һ¥׹䵽硣ЩŮӣѣʥأ᲻ǰ
ҲãվŮӣӻǿԵġ
󣬾ܿʥضеж
ÿ춼дմ˷۶ٵʱʮ򣬶ʱﵽϰ򡣻ԴԴϵĳ֡Уоӡ
һ֧ͷƽĴһսʥء
Ϊ׵ĽҲдȤȴûٶˣȻģԺеǻᡣ
ʥʼշУ٣ɶ٣ûб̽ӣֻҪˣͳͳɡֻҪ˱ǾͲȥĻᡣ
֪УѾȥ¡
֮ǰӵǿȻ俪ʼŹ⣬Ȼγһ߲šУܸܵһεѹݶޱߡ
ʥǣҪȥʶʶܴ
ĿãȻһЦƽľٲ̤УǰʥǣһȥȥȻǷɻ֮мȡ֮ԶԶ׳Դ
ʥǣأȻ֣ʥǵȫò޷塣
ֻоһΰ£գۼ䣬Ѿһ޴ʥ֮ڣվĵطһ޴ƽ̨ƽ̨ͬʱʮҲӵѾݡ
ٺ٣ҪʥǣֻΣʥǳ֣Ϊֹû˵ʥǵж󣬾˵ʥ޴󡣵ǲģ˭кܶ򣬶û֣ͫ͸ˣĽǽʥǣҲֻû򣬴Уûпٳġ
һǾǰһ˵ãʥеͣûҲϤģʲô󣬾ңֻҪ㹻ʱңʥУûа첻ɵ¡Խǧ档
Уݳǿҵš
Ŷף죬ǧѲŶ壬ܷһʥеĻһ˽ҲܸõĽкЦ˵
ôһλԸ⽲ʥǵĻȻٺòԽʡ


1922 ̫
򵥣ҪȻΪ㽲⣬ЩʲôصϢֻҪʥжȦȻȻ㲻ҪʥǵҲ֪ʥǣͨеĸʥأκʥضСǧ沢ûоܾЦ˵ʥУҪǽףͨޣ鱨ѶϢȵȣڳУ˽Բɱڳڣһվһеı棬ԽжĶɱѡͨս˫᲻ݣȥһ䣬䣬ͨսվȡһ˿꣬۳һͶӰȶУҲӰ죬ֻʧһѡһָܻ
ֵ̣Խƾ⣬ʥÿһ¿һΣÿһοԶʮ죬̵ƾ⣬ǰ㣬ÿͨĵ̣ҲҪһöʱҵļ۸ֻҪƾȻÿʮҪ뿪ʥǣ´νԼġ
УҲе̯ƾ̣ǾͿƾ̯ԼҪƷƷƾļ۸ܱˣֻҪöʱҾͿһİ̯Ȩ
ʱҾеͨûңνͨ磬κεطˡ
ûκλҿսʱҵĵλ
γֵģǾֻʥнжһķʥǵС
˵ֻʥǣƿУΪɱ󣬲ָĵر伮ʱңǷ·ξ֮ĹֱӾֳġ
û취š
ʵ취š
ɵķţѾ뵽ĹС
־ܣʱҵļͦȻӹɵġ
ңѶϢʱУԴﵽıǵģıȻȲҵ屶ȴ˼еĻңﵽıǶһ췭ظı仯ֵʮġ
屶ҡ
ıʱҡ
̫ҡ
Ѫҡ
һҡ
Щ֪Ļңһʮֵ£ǾĻңǴ󲿷˳ܴﵽļ£Ͽɣʱıǳġֵ֮ߣ֪
Ȼʱⶫвȱ٣֮ǰɱʱջʱңһСĿȫ֧ʥһ޼ɵĹ
ʥȷʵе˼
׵ͷ漴ʾǧ˵ȥ
ʥл۸飬ʿǲֻ벻ģûҲġֻҪʲôҪ˵ʥиʵˡ
ǧһƶ˵
ʥǻʥشǿš
Ҫ˿ڣܽ𡣡
Ц˵
˿ڣ
ǧһ漴Ц˵Ȼû⣬ʥУרŵūˣþǵ˿ūֻҪǮҪ٣ܸŪ١ֻǮ࣬ҪǸ㲻Ҫ˿ڡ
Уʲô˿ڣǲֵǮġϵξ磬ÿʱÿ̶Уÿ춼кĸ磬о󲿷ֶ䣬һС֣ŴʮУųɻԣ˿ڴ⣬ֻҪ㹻棬Ҫҵ˿ڣֱ׾١˻Ըȥ
˿飬ʥвʲô̫ȵеϾʥرһǣɵ˿޵ģһԱͲ׽˿ڽ롣ʥصͷֻʥزû˿ڲʱʵЩšѰĳЩ˲š
ܺãҾҪūˣҵõˣһΣҿԸʮöʱҵıꡣеȻһЦ
Ȼʶһλܺõūˣʵǿ󣬶ңֻҪҪû첻ģȦǿڱõһλ
ǧ¶Цݡ
֮Ի˵ôãϸ˵ʥǵѶϢȻҪȡ棬ⱨ꣬Ҫģܾ
ò
Ҳͷ˵
漴ǧҲûгɣоͳȥ
һֵ
ֵܿߣĵ̯̯ڵ̯ϣʲôУ廨ŵģ治Уһۿȥֻ۾Ҫ
ס
Упвɷһ
ΪոտһʮϤӰ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻܿڽֵߣȻһ̣̿·һǱһ㣬滹֡ǱǱϣһͼ񣬺ȻһֻвĶǡ
ģǻɻңҲϵó
̫ǡ
л³һ
ô׵Īʶ̫ǡ
ǧһѯʵ
ţǰйһνףڣҲкöûмˡô̫𡣡Цŵͷ
Ȼ̫ǼֱһȫţһţһҡƷ֮͵ıʲôϡŹֵĶСʱĶпµĺ֢ʲô˭֪ʥУҲǶ˸ǡ
ǧɫҲЩѿҪ֪̫ǵԸ񣬿ر
ǰһǿߵǹȻ䷢һЩʺֵһ⣬󣬻̫Ǿͷһҩҩ
ҩӽʥУʥصˣȫòˣһſھͲͣݣڵģٵģƵģɫʥرһˡ
ǻ棬˿˶ëȻʲôãʧ
ӴԺ忴̫Ǿ·ߣҿȫӰ
ܶ˶ǶԻ̫ǾԶ֮Ⱑ
Ǻǣֻ̫ǣôȤƤЦЦҲûгɣֱӳǱ˹ȥ
ǧ濴һҧҲֻܸŽȥ
ȥͷ֣Ǳڣˮ̵أڷһ̨͸ˮĲ棬ڷһƷһۿȥֻвϰ֡
ۻҡ
̨棬̫ſлݡ
ЦЦߵ̨ǰų̀
˭ѽ֪Ҫץϲ𡣡
̫αϣһŭɨܡ漴Ϳǧ档
ף㡣Ĵˡ
̫ǿУ۾ˣǵãôǵġһγԵ⣬һźӳԵ⣬֭Ĵ򣬵ڻǻζ
𡣡
̫ٳ嵽ǰѯʵлΡ
ǶôĿ⡣
̫ǣյʥУʱڣȫԹ㹻⣬ôûԵ򡣡
Цѯʵһ۾Ϳǲ˺ܾˡ


1923 
̫ǵһӾͺˣĿǺ޲õһֻ򣬺ݺݵҧһڣߺ޵ؽеϲϲǣǾȻһֻҪ֣ͻЩСȫ塣ֱֻ̫צӶҪѵ
ɶ̫ɶˡ
ûŵֱ黯ΪޣȻ󣬾ͳУ̣ʲô޷ֹܸܵǣСؼңȻС򲻼ʹ
ءŵءܳ԰ɡ
Ȥ˵
⣬˵ɺޡȺСȻһָµ˲ͻḯãͻɢһֱֶֶ̫ˣñ޷죬ɶ̫ɶˡһŹǡ
̫ڳ鴤еʹޣֱ֪Ǻ޲ðȺƤеĺ⡣
и⣬ȴܵӰ죬ǻ̫ΨһܳԵ⣬ֻǣЩҲˣֻʣһȶѣڷԺûô졣
Żġ
ӻġ
ҸⲢûлĪǣҴⲢûãǷӰ쵽ģֻе塣
Ժпһͷ
ˣǾвٿصĿռ䡣
ûУҪһ̫ǰڼźӣ໴ָˡ̫һץסе֣ǽһôϷſһˡ
Ǿȫˡ
ȱ𼱣һ᲻⡣
вûжԣּ䣬óһ⡣⻹ڵģһţθڴ󿪣ˮ
⣬ⰡģǳġȻֻҪó⣬ܲСǻˡ̫ˣţˡ̫췢
ð⣬ƺѾ뵽Լؼң̫ǻԼǰûнʽԽζ̵ġ
ʶͽ
ȻЩ˼ĿУڨЦ
Ҫ⣬Ⲣ⣬⣬СЩ˵ǲֿɵãҪ٣ж١ҪʲôζʲôζҪ˯ϣûκ⡣ֻ⣬ɲô׵õģеõȻи̫ǣ֪óʲô
еȻһЦ
ȻѾ϶Լϵ⣬ȷʵԲܵӰ죬Ǿе̫Ǻú˵˵
ٺ٣һģһ̫ʲôʱˡİٱ¿ɻáﻹиõıһϲġ̫һŵ˵
ɫ䣬ǵʮ㡣
ǲǺܾƯҸ㣬Բһ̫ͨͨߵһ̨չʾ̨ǰָһǺرֻǿƯѡ
ʲô
кѯʵ
һ
̫ǵ˵ֻҪͿԱκƷӣӣӣʯͷľͷʲôģֻҪԸ⣬ԱκƷֻǣܱΪŵҲʮʲôĶ
ֻܱܱǱΨһȻҲδȷͫƷʥĻ۽𾦣һƷ
ô
ڹؼʱ̣ܷӳ˼
һЬֻҪҪȥĵطԭԾͿֱӵȥҪǰĵطȻ벻Ҫ̫Զļ޾ǧҪŵĵطʮ⣬ǵǧͻأٴεϵĵѽ൯ξ͵ˣɡ
̫ЦǺǵ˵ЬӷĿģǽ͵ȺСǰⵯЬǿȷжҪ죬ȿռ䴩󶼲ѷɫ
пҲһ鴤̫Ĺʲôĳȫκεĵ˲׽̫Ǿͯ£ǲ
͸ˣ϶ֻҪȥͻʲôһʲôԲȥϣǾͲʲô飬壬ǶЧ˵һ
̫һ˵
ĸַŷͬһšⶼǾʵ֤ġ֤һʧ
Щָܿΰ
ǣ·ҩˮɳҩˮȵȡÿһֶ˵൱棬ò壬̫һλΰĴҡ
еģ֣һǿ¡һǷϻͯҩˮ
¡ʲôơ
жſ¡ѯʵ
ٺ٣¡Ǻöܹ¡壬˻Ƕܿ¡ң֤¡һģһֻǣΨ¡˼䣬¡һжǿհ׵ġУ¡ڣܶݡֻһԻһ㣬ûа취תģСǼ
̫ǿһۿ¡Ҳû˵ơϵƣⲻò˵ֵ̫ǴʵСģСƳΪ˰ԵҪʲôáȫûбҪ
ϻͯҩǱΰķ֮һֻҪȥ˭ϻͯ±һСӤȻҪӤ˾ˡʲôûС»һΡһˣһֻһΣڶξûЧˡ
ģⷵϻͯҩ
ʣʮҩǿüԪľˣֱӻһΣڶĻᣬ֪ߴ·Ĵܣ֮͡ЩҲѷɫЧˣҪǴȥԿܶΪ֮ġ
̫ˡ
ܺãЩ̫ǣҪʲôʱң򡣡
Ц˵
ûãƧվóʱ̡
¡ĶȻܹ¡̫̣ңΥ˵͡岻Уδزܸ顣õĵĵط
Ҫ򣬵ȻҪҪʱʲôֻҪ⡣
̫Ǻԥ˵ѡȫǷԱܡҪеִΪ˳򣬿ԸһУϧһдۡ
ܺã˵˵۸⡣
еȻһЦ˵
ܿ죬׾ͿʼУһСģֻһȺʳ⿳һʳѡ
ȻƷڱ˴֮λǲͬġ˵ͬġɣǽԴϲ
̫ǣҪҪң뿪ͯұ֤㣬ٶ⣬ԵΪֹ
п
ܴ߻̫ǣǱȵõǧҪĸҪ
һ̫ǣץסϲǣԲ뿪ͯҸĵס
̫мᶨ˵


1924 ū
һŪ壬ĲݡΣҪץסǣԵǡǺΪһԱԲκε¡Ҫѩܣѩܰץһĳ衣ΣҪСһ
֮ս
ȻˣǾ´ٽнףϣ̫õĺϵķж٣ҿҪ٣ģҪ򡣡
׵ͷҲûо̫ʧ
Ͼ֮ǰ飬һ̽ûб̫ϣȻҲ̸̫ʧ
ңһָоֻ̫УЩϳĸֱߣҪǸŽ磬δؾЩϾ磬ǻĵӵ޿ܡȻ벻ǣ̫ǱһϵǺбҪġЩĵߡܶԴ״档
ģһ̫ǾԷıֻҪ׼㹻СС
̫Ŵ˵
ѾоԼĶʮ㣬Ժебըʱµ뷨ðϾ׼Ǳȵ´μ棬һҪ͹еСҪǱĴңȫСҪ˯˯ſھ⡣ǲõøɶ
ܺã򣬻ۣӵĻζֻҪкöⲻ⡣
еȻһЦ㹻ġ
̫ǺӦֻҪУǲֵǮ۲
ٺ٣Ҫ˵ʥУѷɫڻ̫ǵķңв٣磬è֮ңСݣǿӻꡣмķߣң棬ʱǰȥһ䣬һջ񡣡
ǧЦ˵
ĳжЩϡŹֵıжӣԸ⻨Ѿ޴ǮⶼǱڵϢҲһ氡ͣſ˵ЩȥǿԳԻؿ۵ġЩؿֻҪĶֵ࣬Ҳ൱ģʥе֮ҪȻôĴй䡣
浱ʱжô
è֮ңСݣǿӻꣿ⵹˼һ¼ū˺ٹȥһҲǼΪȤ⣬ЩԼǰ֪УдĺöʲôŪ֣ԲܴϾԼж̫ʱ䣬´ν֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
õõ棬һ㶼ܴ
ҪúõѹһΡҪʥɲ⣬ҪʥǴһ飬Ļ֪ܱʲô̶ȣԳ
ʱǧĴ£Ѿһǰ
̿һֹķż֡ūׯ԰
ſڣһ͸ߴĹսʿңһ۾ܿɢɷǰս񣬴սѪɱǿߡѰˣǵ۾ҿ
ʥūˣΪ̩ʮֹʥضϵֻҪԸ⣬ڶʱڣȫܹܶʥص
ǧָǰׯ԰˵
ãǾͽȥһλū
еЦ˵оһһΪѰ˿ڵϣпλūϣֻҪܻȡ㹻˿ڣȫԽ˳ʵ׵̣ô޺֮ǵķš
Ҵʥͥ˿ڣ㹻˿ڣԳûͳһĻᣬǿƽ룬һ·ռݣһ·ǣ׾ŵ޷ſֽŽšʥͥĽһܾסġ
аһͷ
Ҫռһ򣬴ǽɱʮǽبŴ½һߵߣ̤۷塣
е˿ڣпǲҪ
ǰĻʶǧ棬ͨȥת۾ͿʼС߽ȥȻܿݻԺһŻƽıϷһ࣬ǿ˵ΪֵЩˣ߰ڷž͵Ḷ̌УŸʳţ⣬⣬⡣Ũ硣
ǰ̩ԱŮŴֱ͵ߣſھҧ͹⡣
ԣڲͣĳԡ
Ȼ֣ȫԭġ
ǧܵˣǾǰ̩ѣȱ˵ģһ͸裬Ʒʳƽ󰮺ãʳŮơ
̩߽У۾һЦ˵
ɫԵʮֵ顣
˺ѿܡ
̩ԸҪڳ⣬ںȾƣʲô̸ǧЦŶ˵
׵ͷҲûоܾ˵ȻˣǾ͹ʳͬĳİá
£˸ϯ棬
һ̵ʳˣﲻڡ
ȫǴ⡣
Ҳץһֻӣڳò˵ЩʳȷʵһζЩʳҪڳԣںȲƷеζ
ôζɡ
̩Ц˵г̬ʮֵ⣬֪ĸо
ܿĳĳԵ㣬ƷʳĹ̡ʳңͬ
ЩʳȷʵһζѬĻǡôп̾ʳϸѾʼõĻ
ңеĸ裬ʮֱ£飬ŮϵţʮֵĴ󵨿ţͭɫƤɢʩչǽ裬Ůڶ׺дűСǰһ趯䣬ʱ¶ķ飬һŻ
һȻĶǡ
й̩̾һǰҪ㹺һūֻҪ˿ڣŮ٣ԣɫĻǻƤ׻塣֪ܷ۸񼸺Ρ
ûйĨǣֱӾǿżɽ˵ԼĿģֱܸӵĽн
һЩҪ̽
ֻ˷ʱ䡣
˵ЦˣҰ̩⣬ģԵľǷūһڷûУҪūҪ٣ҿԸŪ٣ֻҪܸǮʲô˵˵ͨ˿ڣҪҪʵۣǻʺͳͳܸҹһУ˵ڶû˸˵һ
̩Ц˵
Ǽ۸㡣
ƽѯʵ
Ƕͳһļ۸񣬲ʶˣˣӣǮͣӣһöʱʮŮӣһöʱҰļ۸ĽףǾŮӣһöɹʮҪ٣ҿŪ١
̩ںһڵݵߵƣޱŵ˵
Ϊūĵ
л̩ĿȻˣҽ㷢һҪʮūǶɣڶǵһʮ㡭ܳԵ𡣡
л˵
ۣ
ֻ̩һֱȵı飬Ҳ̲סеľ˳۾ɵϴС


1925 콻
̩ûмˣֻǣ˵ĻĳѾ̫ˣΪεĽҲǼǧӣ˾ڣһھ㣬һ׾һ˿ڡһʮףǶô˵ĶֱǰδУǰδаֻҪ׳ɹķˡ
ϵڱ
Աߵǧ棬ҲŵеľƱֵڵϣһ
ʮװ⻹ֻǵһ滹ʮһ׵ĶҪ˰ɣôĶõٵĻؿۣˣǷˡ
жʱȡоԼ޾Ǯˡֱϵڱ
ֻ˵һ㡣
Ǯɡ
ɲܿЦҪôū
̩۵Բѯʵʵ̫ˡ
ȻǿЦôࡣֻҪŪеһеڶǵж٣ҶԳԵ¡
һŵ˵
ǣ̫ǮҲ̫޴ˡǧ濪ڲһ䣬ҪеûۺʵǮƣǧڣ㡣
ʱңĳȷʵûôࡣƽ˵

ǧͰ̩һо֮ǰֻǿЦϾ̫ˡǴû
еңȴҪ٣ж١һ仰ǵٴ
ڻ¼䣬ֻһöӲӵԲηǮҳУŰ̩˹ȥҡ
أ˿ʱѷɫǸһ
ʱı屶ֵʮ֮
ңȻףǱʱһҪʤһĻҡһöʱʮöǧ밢ֱ̩ӹȥ󣬰Եͷ̾
ҵͷȻû˵Ϊ糹׸ʵȻдܽ츳磬ϢͨԴĽڰнšңУûУʥУ᲻ڡֻǣУ඼ʱҽнס
ֵϿɵģ屶ϣǺô
ܺãһʮΪಿ֣ȵʱһԸ塣֪ɺá
׵ͷѾȷϣУҲǿͨģһоͶ⡣
Ǯƹ򵽵ĶǾټ򵥲
˵ţּ䣬ͿӲӵڹ㳡ϣѻɽɢĽ⣬Ϲǵ۾ܿǧ滹ǰֻ̩۾Ѿȫβˡڽɽϣ뿪һһ룬Ļ档
ʮڣʮöңѾѻɽˡĿãԶԶһô򵥡
ģϾȥ׼Ұ̩ʥضйϵֻҪϢȥԴԴϵū˷۶ֻҪԸ⣬һūһͿ͵ǰң֤ʮڡˣСѷ̩͡ԥ̬
̫ˡ
УҪܴһָʥأµˣ䵽е޷ġ֡
ܺãȻˣǽ׵ĵص㣬ͷڵʥأʥ꣬ͨ꣬ʥǣֱǰнףʱнף壬Ҷġ㿴Ρ
΢˵
ʥǱ;ΪʥصתŦ֮áȻǰʥأǰǣжԷʥصӡǡ˲ܽд͡ҲǸʥؿֱӽݷ
ģҸұ֤һʧһԶţһҪ͵ǰǮλʲô˵̩һŵ˵
ǮܵģûǮܵġ
Ǯܰ쵽ԲࡣһԲС
ĳȰ̩ĺϢϣ֮ĽףӳԶ
еȻһЦϵ˵
ȻҰ̩õѡ
̩Ц˵
ʲôֵܣֵܡ
״ɣ˫ٴοʼǧ涼ȵͨ죬һΣĺˣһεеĻؿۣܹһͷʣңǷʵ͵֡
̩˵һҪΪкúõ׼һݴ
ԴˣҲֻЦЦû̫档
һΣ˫ǶԴ׶ԣʲôܻȡ˿ڣǱκǮƶҪĸҪҵף˿ڵס
ǴջֻҪܽ˿ڵ⣬Ҵ׵ıͿ޼ɵţʱ򣬾Ͳֻĸ򣬶ʮĸʮûʲô赲ҴŵĲ
аԺһͷһΣȫԽһ⡣ǣôȱ˿ڵ⣬ײڡһ˿ڣٱʱѸٵķܳ˿ڣһǧף׾޼ɵţ⣬ܵõ
ϵһͻᱻ׷顣
ֻҪӵʮΪÿ굮˿ڣһȫ½衣ʱ򣬴׾ͽԷչ쳵
ˣһжˡҴʥͥĽŲֹͣ
һĨᶨ֮ɫ
밢̩֮ûж֮뿪ūׯ԰Ǽʥι䣬ȺȥǿСݣè֮ҵȵУҲۼһλλȷʵеĲûͬʱһϡŹֵƷ
ò˵ľϲ
û˿ʧ
ף챦󡣡
һǰͣ˽Ų
ӵ챦䡣ǰĶǱһĨɫ˼ǲС̵ˣǺôǡ
ʥп꣬Ķǣ֪
챦ȷʵĵ˵Ļ棬̺ı֮֮࣬㣬ûǸطԱȵˣ챦ˡʮأԴʥп챦ʥһҡȴԴɽ׵һҵ̡
ǧ濴챦дһ˿飬ɳԲ˻ؿۡеǲ١
Ŷʲôô
кѯʵ
Ϊ챦˲ҪǮǮ򲻵챦ǧҡͷ˵
Ҫʲôﻻô
˼˵
ܶ챦ͲԽǮǻ裬ﻻԽǸ߶˵ľۻУԽˡﻻϡ棬ȡ衣
ǣҲǡǧҡͷ˵챦ҪĲͨƷҪֶˣ£ꡣңǱеģ˵ģ㡣һʼףͻǩԼԼ֮£ΥУᰴԼϵԼаᡣһᣬĲˡ
˭Լˣнס


1926 챦 
˼Ĺ涨ǰôζĿһ챦طôоͬһ֪ĵطйأڰ˺ŵ̡ഫǿԵ䵱κζʵκԸĵط˵ã˵ħ
ȥһ䣬Ⲣ
ߣǽȥһ
ûгɣ̤Ѿ߽챦ڡ
һȥܸܵڲɫ㣬ʮ㣬̤ȥУһİĸоԾҪɣȻɡĲ֣ȷʵͬһ㡣
棬ڷһܡ
ڻϣȻܿһֻֻˮӣ͸涼ղŸָ챦
ǲرУпռ䣬֡ܶĶ棬̬ܽĳֳıǿۿ벻һ¡
ֻһɫ۵ӣ˹Ц˵ǧʶģεĿˣȻУȻܴܲɽףⲢ̫⣬ƽʱУ඼ǿ٣˸٣ϾҪĶںܶ˵ǶҪġ˭һҪСĿ
Щ챦׼ûа취ɽ׵ԭ֮һ
ܷϣ챦еıȷʵʥУȫصһ䡣˭ûа취
ϰȻ챦Ȼҳ챦У֪Ƿ챦ǡлѯʵУƺһ˿̽
ǣȷʵһʮֺ챦طֻºҵ챦УպþУ
챦˵ȻһЦƺһ㶼Ϊе̽о졣
º󣬾ʹǰһǰָһرСܿ͸ˮУȻڷһʮص챦ģԲΣ棬Ӷײһ콻֯һ𣬲תãƺ棬Уǿ󡣷·ĿԿ̽ã˵Ĺ켣м䣬һ˸ŰɫĹǹУķ˸
죬ÿһα䶯ڷ仯
䣬̲סҪУ԰Ρ
ǡ
пҲһ𣬲ò˵챦ȷʵ൱ѰԴ׵ħսϵҪѰǣʮѣǸҲڵĺۼ챦˵ʵڣҪѰҪĻԵûлԵ
ĵطҲȴƫƫҵ
챦ɼһߡһǿ
ǿԿ̽ããضǿԼɽãǣضǣߺһͿԼر仯ӵе󣬾˫Ƕڸ˳ˡ
챦˵ȻһЦ˵
Уֱָ˳ķƺָ
Ҫǣߺһڱ˳κζ򣬶޷ͻضǵķһ˭Ҫ˳϶仯õԤסν˳
챦ٴ˵
Ȼϵضǣ˳ĸô֮࣬޿ɹУǵƼǲ
ȷʵǺö۸㣬ô㽻ס
һ֮챦ˣѯʵ
Ĺؼ
ҪǮƣٶ࣬⣬Ҫ꣬еȵȣЩǺѱġ
ƷļֵǺѹġ
Ӧ˵챦УֻҪˣ£ֶֶ꣬ÿÿһݵļֵǲͬģؤʵ۵Ტۣƽ꣬ܶԵȡѣݷǷ󲻿ԡÿϵֳֶʮݡҪ뻻ȡǣǾҪһɣҲһݣѡκһ֡
챦ƽĿк˵
У
ǧ̲סһ
ͬ𺳡
Ҫ֪ǵ̨һԪ֮ߣѾﵽʮһľ˵زʮ֮һǾǰһǧԪۣ֪Ƕôĸߣôľˡ⻹ֻҪ˵ĻһˣͬڴʥͥĹˣҪʮ֮һǼͬһ۳ȫˡ
ǵļ۸񣬼ֱһĸ߰
ҪԪУˣĳһóסҡҡͷ˵ɫ䣬һ˿ƶ
Ŷ챦ĹزơǲԸ⣬ſߣλʱ뿪
챦˵Ц˵
ɣڡеǺơ
һӦûܸȤ˵Ըнסٴ˵
ﻻܽܵĽ׹򣬲ǮƣǾ͸ȡ裬Ϊǰ֮챦ûдӦܴǶԷûиҪƷ򣬸ȡ裬ԭʼĽ׷
Ŷ˵
챦ЦЦ¶һ˿Ȥ֮ɫҪ֪ӵ챦ﻻѾû̫
ҵħսУħڣһһ˼Ϊۣһ̣˵ȫʢʱڣ̿ͨ죬͡죬ھھġлԵɵ㣬̤ϱ˰
һһ䣬˵
ۣ㾹Ȼӵۡ
챦ɫʱһ䣬˵ഫһԪ֤ͨ˰ϽݾۿɽУ֮͡䣬޳ҡһԪۼټȫ٣£ҵۣĪ˵Ц
Ȼ۵˽⣬
൱Ķࡣ
ȻֻۣһƵۣĵĲ֣ѾˡҪȻҪһǱȻֵĹѫɼֵƣ⣬֣𲢲̫ܶ㵥Ԫתֵ޿ɹ
Ц˵
۵Ĳ壬䱾еļֵǳģ˵Ĳ϶ǶϣңһδĸϴӴƷʣӾˣв಻ԡɲ۵ΰ
ۣǽ¯зǷ塣
챦˳ĬҲûпڣȴȴƶû˭ܹۻ޶ԵģҪôҪôǿǽԴϲǿɴЩ
Խ
챦һ󣬿ڵͷ˵
Ȼ۵Ĳ壬ɶױȵԽˣҳ̵ܣΪԼĵ̡
۲ļֵԵȣ⽻ףƽеȻһЦ
Ƿ۵ɡ챦΢΢ü˵
УطͬУֻһЩѣ۲壬ֻУҪҵ壬ֻ¾ͻ졣
ƽ˵


1927 
˫жжԷҪƷǼֵǽ׵ĺ߶ȡⲻۣһΧڣΪԼȡĺôҪġʲôЩóԣҲԲá
챦һеɫѾףĴڣһ¶ģѸġҲǰԿЦֻ̨û뵽תȻǷˮתʲôпܣ䵽ԼͷϡʵЩܡ
ǲ֪Ҫʲô
챦һ˵
ܼ򵥣һʮ
Ц˵
У챦УÿһǶ챦۲䱾ļֵѾˣûкĵӣõ֣ҲҪ¶죬ôҪֵٸߣôף
챦˹ϵľܾ
ЦģǱóȥ֪˻ԴޱȣһʮԽܲ˵ġ
˼
΢΢ü˵
Уļ챦Ҳã˵
գһǹս֮˫Э飬۲壬챦ңһѡ÷ڡĽҲñȽ⡣ϾҪǣ۲кȻأɶû̫áǱƷɳǣõۡ
ʺϵһ֣Ҫڶ
ǾѿʼѡɡֻҪ챦ӵеģԽѡ챦һ˵ǴѪˡÿһǹ屦
һ
Ц˵ţͳȥϸۿЩò˵Ʒʶϳ˵ġߣ׷ıżܶණҪ࿴Ƚϣǿһ£ǷãĻ󻯡
ʲô
ͻȻͣ½ŲָһֻУֻǺƷѯʵдһĨǿҵȤΪⶫģǰһϷеǿʮƣֻǣһƣ渡ֳɫĹâˮһ㣬һѤƷĸо
һ챦Ϊǣƿĳ仯ɻԵƻ챦Ŀã΢΢鴤û뵽е۹˶Ȼҵһ챦ƿױȵĴɱ
ܺãڶ
еЦǺöǧҲƿضԷ仯ռݾơöܷŹ
һʲô
ָһֻѯʵ
һǣֻҪ߶ͿԼ֮⣬֮£˶˾ֻѵǧٹ֣κοܶСпһҲпܾ֣֣಻ᳬ֡Ҳ˵ǣֻܿĵϡʹ֮󣬾Զ޷ֶͨϡеһȱݣΪһֱҪĴۡ
챦˽ܵһֵڣѷɫ챦
ö
ڵħսʱҪйֻϧⶫԱ̫޴󣬸ܷûнĿܣһˣȻӲܷŹ
Ǹ˵ѡ񣬺ܶͨˣûӦԴϿٷڣȫԽ˿ٳϣȻЩõϵĿܡһͨ죬δزһ
ʥ̫ͥӵе˿ڶ࣬Ȼ֮·ϣվкû֣֮ǿ˵൱޴ٳһϣѾļޣܽٴϣǶ٣Ƕһ֮ϲֶΪء
ֵνߡ
Ͼֱʵı
׵ѵ۹⻹˵á˾̾챦һۣⶾ۹⣬ѡģԼ챦
ֻǴӦҪٶ࣬ҲҪʹ絶
ҵãǵıƷʼߣһѡƷеЦ˵̧
ۿ
ʱֿһʮԵıǶ͸һصķ¯һܵһԲε壬δصĿƻɫʡѤ
ֽǣκƷŽȥԿٷֽ⣬õĲ֣᳹׷飬ΪϣõĲ֣øĵر˵䲻ŵĻһʺ򣬷ŽȥҲֵֽܷĳϡ
챦Ц˵
ⶫ˵ʵڣЩΣֵԲ͡
ֻȱٻ۵Ĳֶѡ
öļ
۾һеɣȫһǱıذ챦˵ֽǣȫԷֽؼһʣǱΪǼֵ֪
֮Уÿ֣ޱȾˣܶһⶪĻͻܱ߻ȾһЩԲϣԸֲɲԤĺ˿ڣÿγɵķ㣬ǿµ㵹ڻҰⲢ̫õѡܹúãϡ
ȻԶԸֲ൱Ч档
ӿٶȡ
ܱΪȡĵرڴ׵һֲּ
ûãɶ˳˵ôòκαѷɫ
׵ѹȻ۹⡣
챦˿̾ǿûа취ķ档ĳЩʱǰհԡ
һѡɡ
챦Ц˵
ܹҪġ
һʲôܲһ㡣
ڼѰһһֻǰ
ȻܿڱڣȻһ䷿ݡϣƺ̫֮
һݣڣƷΧڣ󶼿ԣд°빦ЧǬɶͬʱʹãңƷԽߣ书ЧԽǿ
챦ٴ˵
ݶ壬ž޴ãȻǼõĸ豸
ܺãݡôȷˡ۲壬ϣԸҲûмѡþգԽ࣬ԽǾᣬö϶Уֻǣ࣬Ҫϸﻮ
ãν׺죬ŽǻĻᡣ
챦ҲЦ˵
˫ɽףеõ챦˵õ۲塣ȡ衣ǽԴϲ
ǧ棬޷гȡؿۡܿôһʽ״ɣͬǲС
ҿ쿴ʥµˣɢˡ֪һΣֻʲô½ʥĴι䣬ʥǵķʱͻȻ䣬һ
̧ۿȥȻܿԭһֵͻȻɢˡ


1928 
ʲôһ𡣡³ֵôһĪҪκԺⴺɫ
أ֣⾹Ȼֻһءп쿴еĹ򡣡
شﾹȻĵط۸Ҳ̫˰ɡһΣҪٶҪһǧöʱң滹ǧöһöʮöö׶εġҲ̫б˰ɡ
ǰȻһʯȷıʶҪ
ңУӵֵ͡
Ȼϡ
ﴹֻĵ͡Ϊɫ͡ÿһ͵ĹЧͬĿ궼ֻͬǣ崹ĹЧΣֻԼһȥ飬ϳԣ֪ңܵʲôȫδ֪ġпܹҲпܣǿյʲôûС
ûеõǰһжֵڴġ
Щһε
˼ϲľδ֪ðԡ
ʱֺֻ˳ģܺɰ˲ɵøУʲôη塣Ҫ׽
ܴܶ
ǧ濴ϳǵݡȻʥУҲ֮
ֻأһҴ󴬳֣ܴܶϴ󴬣Ϳͷ߸ɫһĵ͡ڵ棬ܿһֻкȻܵһöö˸ŲͬâĶϡͺһԲεһ㣬ɢ˵ɫʣĿãľһ
ףȻҪͶǮͶǮжϡ
ܶ󣬴ץһʱңͶС಻٣ոպһǧöȻҪȳһ£ˮ˵
ˢ
ʱͶȥʱһöɫϴз˳ܶץǸɫ֮ͣͳڳɫ͵ĵϡ
ඣһҪϹҿǵС֡
ܶһŵ˵˦˳ȥƣһһĵ֡ɾ׵Ҫλϡ
һ̣Աߵͣ׷׽ĿעӹȻҪǵĴУҳһЩߡʱҲԻ۾飬ԼʱиӰ
ܴҲͬͶһǧöʱңץסһɫͣ˦˳ȥʼ
жඡ
ܶͻȻодһ춯붼룬漴ͽһ˦Ϳһֻ̳Ӵˮз˳䵽ϡ
жðʲô
ܶȲĴ̳ӣһץɫצϡ
ۣķۣ̫ˣķۣƷʵ̫ˣǰɴûгԹôõķۣ̫ˡܶһڷۺ鶼ޱס̳ӣҪ֣ǾǺѵ顣
ۿɲۣͨǷ̺ķֵ֮ߣԾˣҪǣڸУͨ۵ʮʮֱ̫ˡ
Ҳˡ
ʱܴҲȣһ˦ȴ֣ڵϣʲôûС
ѹˡ
ǿչѹˡ
ɫͿԵϷۣǳɫĲ֪ܵʲô
Χ˶ĺܣȥѾƲһЩߡһɫۣͣܵһ֣Ǳģʲôֻ˵Ҫд۲졣
󣬲ǰأֻҪ˵Ҫͻеƾճ֣̤ȥܽдֻǣ⴬ǿߵģҪǰ룬ԶĵطҪ߶ǰҪõǰûд۵ģÿһöʱңôǰһףһһβٴһĻҪ¿ʼǮܿǰҴ
һжȻ
ʱ߸͵ѶϢѾˡ
ɫΪܵ͡κƷпܴʲôģҩȵȣʲôϡŹֵƷԴֻǣƷ̫ߡпյѹļʡ
ɫΪͨ͡ҩֲƷܹĵرԭϵĵ͡ҪƷȱʲôϣɫͣȻͲдҲһпյѹļʡƾ
ɫΪͣƾԴָĹ伮ֱʲô伮ܵõѹʡ
ɫΪҩ͡ڵ£Դ鵤ҩҩȵȳƷҩѹʡ
ɫΪ͡ڵ£Դָķ챦鱦ȵҲڻ£ǳƷıѹʲС
ɫָܹ͡Ƕǻŵ飬ʲô嶼пܴȻԷ᲻򴹵һ٣ֱɱˣǾ˭ұ֤ˡзգ
ɫֱܹͣͣӴԪǶ٣ǾͿң͵ĿչʣʮָߣʮУоŴλչ
߸͵棬ʱôʥеǿҵȤ漴Ϳһҵϣʼϴÿʱÿ̶˴Ʒǣֿ߳չȴߵĻԣļʣǺܸߡ
ÿʱÿ̶дʱұӽУȴǲʵ
һ̽ޡ
عȻڵĶԡ
Ŀú󣬰Եͷһ̾
ǰصջֻºֵܹסһпܲһӾʵδһпܳΪˡ˭ܹܾ˵ġ
ǧҲ̾
ǰĳ嶯ջʵ̫ˡ
ȻˣȥһôЩźǧѣĳǰū֮ĽףҪĸɽס
еȻһЦ
Ȼ
ǧæڱ֤
εĽǴҲܴлȡǰδеӴ棬ôܻ᲻ġ޲ɽףҹζࡣʲô©
رߣ˵ҪһҵȻ֣̤ȥһööʱӽˮУȻǰʻȥغܴһۿȥƺһ߼ʵĸоǰסҲûеִصġ
ҵҪܲܵʲôȤıɫܣʲôпܣȻˣǾóɫ
΢ɫ͡һ䣬ôʮöʱҹϡʱһöɫϳڵϡһ˦£ˮСˮ漤һ
Ƭ̼䣬ͻȻ䣬иоеĵͺ׵Ĵһ󼫴·ĳֻһҪ·Ҫȥ׹һ
˼𣡣
¶һĨ΢Цһһ֮͵Ҳű

һĳˮֻһŴˮ˦ʱâɢȻܿһʿǰʿϷ·һ߰𾴵Ķʣ˲Ծ𾴡
ηʥƶˡ
ǵʿƺɫǲÿ


1929 ¹ ³
Ҫ֪ոջΪͽԷˮβˣͽʹֻǣͻȻ䣬һԼ׹ڱȻȡ£ոץУͿһεĵ׵ԼڡȻͱһǿǿȥһʮɫͨУ漴ͳҵϡһ۾ͿеӰеĵ͡
ǣȻһʱѾ²ԼпܾǱǿеġһ뵽ֿܣԣҲɵƤһ鴤оһԵķŭ
ɱ
ʿŭ⣬ûгɣиһӣʱͿһƬʮߴĻƽʿȻ֣ÿһɢϢ˿תʿڳֺ󣬸ûκγɣֱŸֱͳгɱȥ
Уûκθ飬ֻ¡
ͨɱ
ͨÿУӳǲͬģȫʲô̶ȣܷھеľ衣ǿϱǿͨȻõ鶹Ҳм
ɢ
Ŀãûֻſ³һУ·̺ܡֱһƽʿɢΪ⣬ɢС
Գ档
ʿĿãͫ³һȻһ֮£ԼʩչͨΪ֮ɢΰֱǳĿ¡һ޳ɵġӵеģ޲Ƕǿߡķŵΰڡ
ƶ³ʵѺˡ
ʿһսеŭѹȥһԾɢͨˣѰ
죬Դʥͥ³嶷׽³ͫҲ΢΢һ³ֿһ㶼İ
³Ҫ˵ڵУǿǶ
³ֹ漮ءĩݺһľݴʮʦ嶷׵֮
³Ϊ嶷׵ĵʦϵʦڶĩϮɱ̫չ̡˾޺ݺУڴ˴嶷׵Գơʦ۾ݺнʮ꣬Ͷܲ٣ٰϽкʳ򻧡ʮһ꣬³ȥֺšԭ
ԪԪ꣬׷⡰һϵʦ̫ѻ
ˣʦУν²ĥĺۼ
һλʩ̺һĺˡ
ԴʥͥѵǴʥͥΪʲôҪҾе³һ񣬲û¶飬׵ͷ˶֪˭κεӡ˭Ǿǰ׳ա
ľ¡Ȼٴγ֡
ֲɰѿصĺ
Ҳһȣ漴ڵϲ½ƣ֮Ľ̸̽³Ҳ˼ƺ׵ʲôҲûֹ
ﲢǴף磬һʮֶصĵطʥǣͨУʥءһΪأдԴĿꡣʿ
л˵һ飬ûʲô
磬ش
³оκˣȻû˵ȴûнഫʾµ֮һԲ̤롣ɫ¶һĨأոһ磬¹򣬾ȻܹƾһͣͽҴ磬컻أǲ˼顣
УҲûԼ֮ǰģȻ磬Ȼдֱܹӹᴩıݡ
ȷʵԿԽıݡǴ졣ŵܷ˵һ˵¹
еȻһЦ
ѵõĻᡣ
¹Ƽūʱ壬ɹ壬Ů壬ȵȣиۡŽǷչڣ̫ƽȵȣڲսҪյĽ֮һͳ¹򡣴ڵĸٸƬ½أΪ¹ڵġ
³˵¹ϵ飬Ҳһ꣬¹Уν춼ڴս춼ƣңҴ㣬ӪּıʩչͬʱӰټڸӱģ޲һ˽ܣдˡȻҲкܶƶ
磬ŽǣʦǳĻᣬʩչˣչͽƽǸһʱӦƼʷŽʧˣһΣȴɹˣɹĽ̺һ̫ƽ̫ƽУŽǾΨһܵͽľأ˵ȥĻû˸Υ档һԾŶ
˵¹Ļ³Уѯʵ׵ѣ֪磬ҡܷܲ磬ԭ¹򡣡
ʲôطɲҪʱ䶺ԼѾʼ̺һĲʱлᣬɹʵ롣زȥԼʮŬɾͰ׷ˡô޷ܵġ
ҲǺؼȻԽǴ˵ͨأֱǰĵطոƺ飬ȥˡǲģ˭
еȻһЦŵĲһ£ǰʥͥĽôҴʣֻҪʵѧκˣڴлý֮סõĻʲôƽ顣ңҴ֮У˾ʩչֻ̨ܵ£С
Уԥ׳֦
³˲ţǺʵġǼףȫԴһײ
ʦŷ壬ͳǣȫͿԽϹϵ֮£δزһϺõ档Ȼ˵Ҫͽ壬׻ҪЩǰֻǣѣվд
˳ǹ¶ĵ·ҪȫŪٵģѣŪĶġ˳ܹʢ˥ķ򣬵̫࣬վ
׾ôģ»ҰĿģ֮仺
ûתء
лĿܣҲڹǽơ
Ļ˭á
ף
³΢΢һ˵ʵڣһ̣ĶˣϾ׵ǽƣУУǾǲ۲۵ĵһǽʥͥǰ;ν޿䣬ʥͥҲԲ伫ޡ˭׵δܴﵽʲô߶ȡ
Ǽףȫлᣬϸ̨
ֻǣ뵽Լʮ꽨ջǽջһߣҡҡͷ¹УҷŲµĶܼףлᣬϣ׽ýˡ
£أϵĳȥ
ʱȻܿµλãһУеƺܿһƬޱȻҵĽȻӰҲʧ


1930 ׽
ϧΪãѾӡǣ¹˵ѾܡֻҪص֮󣬾Ϳҵλãšɳֱ룬³˵¹Уڶ࣬˲ͬ໥֮£Ҵ¡չֳܡζĿнʧ
Ѿжơ
һԼŵ챦ħ
ħǼ봫͵šֻǣҪﵽܹŵĲΣҲҪ鱦Ҳǵؽ챦
ħе֣ʱռ䡣ҪħҪѰҴʱռĵرȥħգһԼţͿ˳꣬ӦšȥȻٹ콵ҡ
ҪħĻĽ¹򣬶а취ͨǣѰĽ꣬ô֮䣬ó׽Ǵ׿ٱǿһݾ
в˸Ÿֹâ֮Ѿϡ
ڽʥͥô׿ٱǿɱ䣬һ㣬ʱ޿̲ȺԺֻ֡ǣ˿ڵд׿ԽЩǽӰɢȥĸ谭׼䣬ܴơ
ħһ
ֻǣħĻȻҪķһʾ޴Դʱռ͵ĵرһͬʮٱֵ֮ߣ֮٣˷ָġ
һѡǾǣħУرԴֱ֮鱦ĲΡֻǣһŵĿ裬ȫһ֮Сһ㣬ĿУǷҪô
ٽм
ڲϧǮƵ£ȻջȻĵر챦ܴкܶ࣬ǰһģԼѾƵ챦˵ҲУΪ̵һ֡
УивʱռԵĵر
һϡ䡣
ʥжз뿪ʥǣرڵʥء
˿̣ʥУܿ˷ԴԴϵգʿ۶˳ſռţ̤֮ڣפ
ٱʱУ޴仯µĴѧӣôɷߵ˲ڣһѾãǰսڵɳǡ
ͬһֹ涨
еİգڴﵽʮ󣬾Ҫǰ֮أֳ߾ΪЩ׼ĺ·Ϊ¹ͣǷãǹͣйͣȻܲڴĺôʱ佫ֹͣȵش׵һ죬ǽų
ΪĴԴ׵ķá
ʮ꣬Ӷʮҳɻ飬һӣ̥̥̥Ǿꡣɲﵽʮ꣬νǶã֣֮˯ﻹڣܹܴСһÿһ˿ڣЩһ𣬾ĵ̡
Ҫ˵̣Ƿǳʱ̣зǳ֮
οвûΪǣʮ󣬳ߣص׺ѣ̤֮ʮ꣬ǲֵ׳꣬пΪջģȴǿΪ״ĵ̡
һ㣬ȻҪȥ
οӣǿƣֻҪ䵽ȴȻҪ˯Ѿƶеһ˭Υˡ
ɰյڼвûȫע棬֮Խӵľ޴ÿܼȡ֮ӴҲúÿŵķΧӡÿʱỵ̈ǵ׳
֪УѾ˵Ͱ̩Լʱ䡣
һâȻԿʥУһâΪһ޴Ĵš
ʥôôûʲô˰ô¡
̩ǧһ̤ͬ˳ǷֵһСɽһ·涼ڲϲһôضЩԳܡ
̩ǧѣﲻʥصһ֣ʥأź档λ롣
гǰȻһЦ
˭ḡֳͬ뷨ȻҲ֣ʥûˣⱾ֡
ʥǧٹ֣ʲô͵ĶУʲôԷʥź棬̫ȣȻͽʥأǵõʥϿɣ;Բд
롣
п
ͺúÿʥξ󡣡
̩Ҳԥϵ˵
̤ռš˲תء
һȥ߼ʡɽƽԭһɳǸʶ𣬺ΰǷŽ
ô󡣡
ôôʥءֱһ硣ĹȷʵǸʥصĹһƽǱĪ⡣䣬ԷϢ顣
õطֱǰδеĺõطط򳤴档ǧҲǸ̾һ۾ܿɳеİգѾʼָУһֶδϣǶµڴ
ҲףΪʲôƴҪȡ˿ڡ
ʥزͬҪ˿̫࣬ʥ޷ܵ⣬սҲһֶѡ
ˣ֪δ˿ڡɣ塣
Ц˵
յĿģ˿ڡ
ȻģǰЯūӵġһΣҴһūҪǼСĻࡣ׼ˡ
̩һŵ˵
֮ǰ˵һ֮ڣŪʮ˿ڣһʮ죬˴ϵֶʩչȥȻջȻֻһ¡
Ȼһֻڴڰգڴſ֮ūӿڴзӿǵأգ۾ͽһƬյس׶
ˣ
ˣСӸŮȵȡʲô͵ĶС
ִ
еĿⲢûЩ˿ϣֻڴϡڴڵĿռ޴󣬾ȻԴ˶˿ڣֱǿֲͬ޵׶һ㡣
ִڴװˣҲûм޵ģһװʮ˿ڣҪٶĻǾͲˡģִһмֻū飬Բκε飬һףʣ¾ף´ȫ
̩һЦ˵
ִΨһģһ챦ֶѣ챦װ壬棬ͻ˯ȴκΣգȻޱȡ
ҪȻ˴ģĽףҪһ֪ͣҪŪʲôʱ
һֺƴĹ̡
һܿ˿ڣһȻֻ಻١
ûж㣬ҲˬĽʣµǮƽȥʣµģҪȵһ˿ڵٽ


1931 
ʹĽף̩Ȼʮֵ⣬õǮƺ󣬶ĿͻӵĿأͬʱҲ׼ӴȣѼū֮ͨ;ƭʲôģֶι̶ѣǲܡҲܡڵԼǰ֮ǰǲǴһоûйϵֻյĽеḶ́Ҫ
ҪǣܸЩͬõ
ʱȻš
ڵһɽ׺󡣰̩ȤԴǿ󣬺ܿ죬ʣĲֶٶ͹ʮ׵ĶǮɺҲɡ
иž´˵ڶһΣʮ֮ǰﵽһ׵ľ˵زӵʶ󣬰ֱ̩ǳ׷ˣ綼ŷūӷֻҪξ׹䣬ͻһʱȥеգȫӶᡣ
ȻЩӶİգЩūӶǺþƺдûдźĺúõġ³ʲô⣬Ϊֻ״̬õգҪ˲УǲϵġḶǮġ
ȻҪúõĶԴ
̬ȣǴδйĺơ
ЩɶǮӲӵҰ
Ǯϣֱǿ˵ЩӦץΪūգź
ò˵磬ÿξ磬ʵ̫ˣūӵĳ֣ҲǽЩӦûı˽ˡ
ڶνףһ˿ڡֻ¾ͳɡ
綼Ϊ֮𶯡ɾ˵Ӱ졣
Ͼ̩Ķʵ̫ˡţʥضڳϾһ˲ܳôĶһķ̯ȥ󱻷ֱٶȼӿ죬ЧʴҲøʥضܴ󿪷֮ţմƻᾡάֹϵƻӰ쵽档
Ϊʵ̫ˡ󵽳
˶ܳԵ͡
Щ˿ڻ͵ʲôطȥյʲôû˻ЩУֵǮľÿʱÿ̶׹磬Ҫ£˿⡣
͸ڽǮһϵڱҲˡ˭ȥЩֻҪǮСǴҪġ
ⲻϽУʱţתۼ䣬͹ȥʱ䡣
УиӲԭءУԴԴϵȡνÿʱÿ̶ջ˿κεƣ롣
ڵ磬ȫﵽԲСǰȣֱֱ֮ӱȻ磬һأء
аԸ֮̾׳󣬼ȡٶԽԽ졣ϱԻмȡ֮ʱ£Ѿ޴ɱ䡣ֱ仯Ȼϲּġȡûа
лȣѾʼŸı
˿̩ͨѾлȡ㹻˿ڣͳƣһǧ˿ڡڱҲڷܣ˿ԲѷɫǧסࡣҴڿνѼ
йԼе׳־Ũҡ֮ƣû˭赲һλȥ󣬾ܹô̤ϿŵĿ쳵
ʱǴڷϵʱվڷڣܷ
ʱһ㶼Ϊ
ȥˣȻãĸ硣
а
εʱ䣬ɲ޵ģһȥ̫ͻֱӷر壬عסѾоʱ䣬ѾˡҲͲʱ䡣
ˢ
ʱͻȻ䣬ֻǰĿյϣһռƾճ֣УһٷɴܳиǴʥ
Σǻǵ뿪ǰ̽յĺӻ˭ɫԴһ־ţֱó˵ĵƣ˿ռţƴĴ͵ǰ
ֻǣӸոճռţһ룬ڰͣסһ޴Ĵֺ׵Ĵ˳߰һͽססźȥƺҪץȥǻǿ£Ҫǣӵʵûа취Ӵѣ֪ⴥֵ¡
ۿȥȻܿǴϣȻ鲼һֻֻħۣɢɺɫһۿһʬɽѪеĸоʮֿ£
ʲôȻڱǰַҵĿռš׷Ǿ
Ŀãâһ£Ѿ֣֣зһϺȡ
꣡
ֻһ䣬ռϹâһ·ǳĴţһӾ͹رһһرգһµĿռһ̽Ĵ֣ɿռ֮£ҲһӲиѡӰе
һôԵ
ˣˣոջΪһҪһëˡлʥȡҪȻΰԬҪˡԬһµ˵
ǵʲôȻܹռ䣬ǰ׷ɱ㡣
΢΢üǸնϵĴ֣һĨءⴥϣܸо䱾Բһǿ󣬸Ǹһǿҵв
ۣ
ʱͻȻ䣬ֻǸڵϵĴϣһֻֻɺɫ۾׵ıѣڱѵͬʱһɺɫ⣬ֱӺںϡн֮ǿܵľɢһ⣬ȫɾѪɫ£ٰⶴ̳һѪ
һӾͱɸӡ
漫ֲ
һҪУһ㣬ѪɫϲѪ⣬ֹ޸Щء
Ҫ޷ֹЩӼڼ
ˢ
һ룬һʥ˲ͺӸڣŨĹ֮ٽڣЩѪɫײɢĥ
ϡף
һͨǿɢа˿ڣ׹ǵĵزഫһĲΣܹͨ
ף£Ȼܿϵ˿ڣۿɼٶȿϡһѸٱɢ
ҵĹԹԣգ̫ˡҪ˰С
һµĿĴ֣ʶƿ
Ը׿
ô¡
ɫصѯʵոձѾ龳ﵽ̨
治֪ӴǵôֲĶ֡
һУͻȻһֻǧֵĹвϳһξУһȥξ漴ͻȻЩξдҲȫֹֻ̳ԵξΪʳڿһξдԳҴ棬ȴǹͳͳԵһʱߣʹ
Ҳû˵


1932 
ǹﲻ񾳲Σһȥֱҳû뵽ϻһʵԶԶǱ濴ô򵥡һ֣ϢͿʼϱǣܿʹﵽ龳ǵ̨Щ֣ޱȣҵκβǡͨûЧһµ˵
˭֪ﾹȻԽԽǿûа취ƿķͻᱻֱɵڣΪһ֣ɱǾͻᱻɱ
ոնϵģֻһֶѣʣµĴгǧôࡣ
飬ⴥʲô
һɵѯʵ
ˣµ֮һΪǱУõ־ңǱжص츳ֱܹӳξ磬ξξΪʳЩɵξڣںγһءҲ
Сտ˵ڵԽǵʵԽǿţԽνǧĵزʱκλԪʥ𿹺⡣һһޱΰÿһֻӵһ磬ӵнսǱʮֿ¡һԶ룬Ҫɱһʮѡ졣
У¶ӡ
һ壬ȫеسӣ
Ӳ֣Ȼƽʱϣ˭֪ǵʵܹﵽʲôزֻ֪޷ʵģǵĸڵνأֻҪν粻Ǽвǿԡ˭ɱǡ
ҵĹԹԣǾȻһֻ
Щ㶵˵
оƺЩ̫ˡ
ʮּǳһǣǲݵ³ײе¡µ¡һնĴ֣϶ưոݡ϶׷ɱ
Сٴ˵
ǳ𣬾ǿ߶ʮηĸԭ֮һ
ؼƽͷ硣
˭ֱӾֹȥһ㶼ˡҲҪӲյĵ·ϡôĺᡣ
ˢ
ʱȻܿУսĳһռŤ·ʲôµڴݶ
ãƿռ䣬ҪԽռ䣬ֱǰ
Ŀãһ˿ءʥģĿռ䣬ȻܹܵƿأһƲռ䣬ڴ˿̣ȴ޷ֹ
꣡
ŤλУȻܿһֻ޴Ĵƾճ֣Ӳգ󣬵ڶֻҲųֻ֣ͬʱռ䳯һռѷ֮ա
ţͿһֽϵĴѷ˳գۼ䣬鲼գһֻֻħ˸ſµħ⣬ЩħƺҲͬеĴϸֳɺɫħۣеɫħۣеǽɫħۡȻħ۲̺ͬҲȻͬ

ʵ̫ˡ
ܿǵѷԲ˼ٶţգۼ䣬ѾﵽԲɴСһ޴ޱȵĹѷ˳ģһֻ޴Ĵ㣬µĴȴԶԶֻǼֻʮֻǳǧֻ鲼գһۿȥͷƤҪ顣оǿҵĿ־塣
Ǵϵ۾ֱǲܼ־֢ˣܹ衣

ֻȻûжкͺӶ˵ʲôĴ㣬һ֣Ŀ󣬺һ˲仯Ϊһ޴սìбֱĴ˹̳ȥͬʱܿһֻֻ۾Щ۾ɫģųһ⣬֮·ضᡣʱ䶼⡣
еһУ
Ҷ
ɫһƬ֣пȴ֣ԼαǴ߶ط򣬶ûа취Լƶһһָоʵ̫ˡ
ǿ
Ŀãɫأ³һЩ۾޷һ䣬ֻһ嫵ͼͼУɽӽУϱ任һ硣

һУһͼкȻɱ

ÿһɢ·˺գѹһУַؼ䣬˿ѷɫκε̨һһչ¶һǿҵķϡᴩص־
Уһβ˲սìϣнķâһ֮£ȻĳױըһѪչֳ޾İԵ
ʥҪʶʶسս
ӿֳһǿҵս⡣ʹҪ뿪磬һΣúúõսһ˭ʵǿ񣬸ֳ̫󶯾ֳٴ󶯾¡
ңڳֵ˲䣬֮һ֮ǰ̣״̬ϵĴݳǿԴԴϵĽ֮עС
˵ǰֻϪȫǿ񱩵Ĵ󽭺ˮЧʣֹ֮ǰʮٱȫǧ򱶵ķʽ
¡¡
ܱߵͳͳһ˲ήΪĩ·һӣʧȥһ֣ͳͳڡķֵĴأҲһ˲䣬ʼɿݣǷɳһƬɳĮеȡɳӶʼ飬ʧԴԴϵ֮˷۹ٱʧ
̣쵽˷ָ
ЩûӰ쵽֮ս
ʮɱÿһ̨սΪͨĺҲǳصġˣڸͨǿ£ͨϣ߳ĪľʧڣʣµҲûа취в
˺ѳ˿ڣգۼѸϡ
ϵͬʱǷ񱩵ĹЩֱĪ⣬˸׽켣Ӳ׼ܻΪսìҲܻΪµս
ǧͬʱ趯£䱾峹סǽһڰǿгĵ顣ʱǺԱҪȥ˺ֻϧЩϣͻȻſһСףȻǻҵǿսȥڵһʱͳбƿն
飬鲼գһۿӵĵ׷
ϵϢڱ
һʱĵ̨ڿ֤Ĳηɱ䡣
ؼ䣬صʷ֮ԴԴڡЩ򣬶ԴȪ
سȻеسԽԽǿȫǲ
΢΢üѾ֣سǿͱǿҪǣУ·Զ顣


1933 һҹ
ô죬ǿȥֻĻӷһֽСϵϢԽԽ£ĸо糱ˮϯУȥĻ
ָоޱǿҡ
سΣ죬ʥҪɱ
һ³һڻһ¼䣬ͿһϽɫıƾճУʮĲ֮ߣд󷽹һתɢʥϢ
а֣򷨲ƣ
Ǻ
˿̳֣Ȼ󣬺ԥľͽص˹ȥƿյĹУۿɼٶȷ󣬿ٱǡ
һǧɣ
ǧɣ
һɣ

գۼ䣬ѾﵽɵĿ¸߶ȡڱУƺϵڻصһѹ죬־ȻȻĴӱдݶؼ䣬һǬѹһеѹ·ؼϵףۡ
ҪҾײ㡣ǿҵĺǿײײк˸ûаɣ·һһ㣬Ѿų޾⣬һѹһе̬׺ĳײȥ
һײ
ûκζأӵĺǣǬ
һײشײ޹⡣
ôһײաըˡ
޴ûӦǵһʱѾִ٣ħбµ⣬ƿնϧЩڱϣ˲ͱķ飬ɢдֻΪսìȴֻǷһ죬Ȼ˲䱬ѣΪһѩѪ޷赲׿񱩵ĺ
ôʵʵײϡ
¡¡
һҵĺţͿУױѣײһѪһҽжôˡ
棬ΪɲΪб
һײʵ̫Եˡ
ôܣⱦôǿֵزһײѪ鱦Ҳһ¾ͽŶԡ
ӸĿɿڴ¶һ޷ŵı顣
⻭棬ʵ̫ˣ󵽳ĳܷΧڡ
ɽȥҪڱʥǰ޿ܡǹԹԳΪұϡ
ȴûзɣȻܿУƬ޴Ѫڷ񷭹䶯·Ҫ۳ԭȵٴθһÿһ˿ѪУ·̺ܿһʿռ䡣
ԺɣҪǲĻѪѸһ»Ϊһٴθһ൱µ飬ˣǾǲ
ֻǣЩ˵⡣
УȻݳǿܵѪ޿ɿ̬ܵȫɽȥ뱦Уڿռ䣬˲俪ʼǡһ̺ԲһӴǾһ޴硣һޱĴ͡
ͬʱ֮Ϊģֱγһ޴Узת֮糱ˮ۶о޵׶ж٣նϢʧ׻ΪС
ֻ棬쵽¡
꣡

ˣڽѪꡣ
̧ۿգһУܼѪؼ䴫ݳһ޾ıˣ·ΪոСͬʱ޾ĺƴ˷ٸ֣գۼ䣬ͱúѹѹεѹ糱ˮϯ
һε־ڲϻۡ
־ϧκβҡ磬ʥˡҪõģѾõˣʣ㡣
췢һЦֻ֮ҡһ䣬ѾΪ壬֮ڽ£һڵĶڣڵһˣȻݳһϢһУգۼ䣬ڣѾС¡
ߣ
һӣΪһ⣬Ѿ˽ȥԭʧǶڣʧȡ֮ģһƬĴء
꣡
һѪɫ˲ԭվλã棬Ȼݣأ˲ѡ󣬸ǧѪɫ籩ҹɭ֣ɭִݻ٣һƬޡе־Ǵݳһ޾ķŭ
˿̣ɣ¡
ԭȵĵ¿ռУâһ£ȻܿӰƾճ֡ӡ
ڿΧĻ󣬺Ǻµ˵գǺաͻزˣʥ̫ˣȻô־Ҫǲôһ˿ǿɾǻزˡ
ոĿѪɫиܵһΣһϣܹɵĻᱻ촷ۡ
Ȼ֪еʲô϶ʲô粻õ飬ҪȻ־ܷŭֵزɱҲԳֲŶԡ
ⲻûôһжƿ֮С
еȻһЦƽ˵
ȴ¶һЦ⣬һεջɲһĴ󡣾͸ոһᣬһеĳȡ£֮ڵСһﵽԲһǧŰľ˵ز뷽Բǧ򶼲ңԶ֮·Ѿ롣ڶںףΪһϣνԽԽ
һΣֱӴıԴ֮Уҧһ⣬ȡĲ֮ʱԴ֮߼Ĳ࣬νǾ޴ģֻн֮־ûз£ܹһ٣ôһκ´ǲô׵֣ܶôһ⣬ֵõġ
ʡ´Դʱ䡣
׵ѣǷѾ޸֮ͨҸоĺƺѾɢࡣ
ʱɣҲ¿ռ䣬ˣٿԭͨλãѾκη϶¶һ˿ϲ
ǳȻһжû⡣Ц˵
ɣ峤ģͨѾ׷ӡ޸⣬ͨٿԺɣ嶼Ҫ»˥֮Ϯ١
ҲЦ˵϶Ĵ𰸡
ɣҲɴϲһ˵׵ѹȻʥͥеĶǿߣʱͽͨӡ˲ãһΣѶɣĶ飬Ȼģк
УϲãȫԱġ
죿𡣡
¶֮ɫ
ûмǴĻѾȥʱ䣬ô졣
һ죬һꡣʱȻ˼顣
΢΢ü˼Ĳͬʱȫпܵ飬ֻıͬѡܸܵԼϣȷʵۣζţ꣬Ĺȥ꣬ϣԼǶȹ֡
ҲٴΪĹе̾


1934 ع
һգһꡣ˵ǿšĲͬʱ䳤ӹᴩвģͺһлĲ֣Ҳд򡣸ͬΪ档ͺСǧǧеʱͻ磬ԽԶҲͬʱڵĻԲʲô⣬磬Ī⣬ʲôпֹܷ죬Ÿ׽
꣬ûҪǣʵ
еȻһЦ˵
ʱ䣬ҪҲҪܽõɳһģǿԽܵġοⱾǴ£ʲôġ
һδд˿ڣﵽǧףҪ˶ãͻøࡣҪġ
鷳ѾҲøˡԶ˿ɲһط̫ãģҪ˶ãҴ׵ʹȻǰɣ彻׽壬á
ٴ˵ɣ׵ͷ
εʱѾˣУεʱ䣬ڼ٣ûʱ仯Ҫǣ
׵ѷģɣеزӽ󣬾ųɶڴʥͥɣϺԥ̬Ϊɣ飬Ķݣʵ̫ˡൽΪĵز˥֮ѷ졣ÿһģȫɣԪˣûĽѡ
ЩǾ֮Ͷѡ
Ц˵
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¶Ľ£Щ֦ɵľѿΪµɣңרŻֳһɽΪɣķ֮أҪ˶ãܳΪһޱ׳ïʢɣ֡ɣԲɣ֮£δûóĻᡣռҲĿ֮һ
һҲʹԶ¿ʼԶΣ˳Ƹһͬǰ
ڽУǸԶ˵ĽŲվĿùԶڸУܳͨ裬Ҳʶ澰
иָϡŹֵ塣
׽壬óƳĳ塣һ壬óƣʩơϢУѾ˹ƶôĶ֪ʮֿ£˾η׼䣬ûжԸ̫׽
С˹ˡ
νһ·ϣ۽硣
ҲĿùһƬң໥ѹɱ¾УνͿ̿ؼ䣬ɷ⡣ħ޼ɡ
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֪УѾȥ¡
ʱѾǿηεļޡ
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ӣҪ뿪ˣֻ²ĴҪǰЦžƱ˵
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ҲɵӣеУѾоһЩѶϢó²⡣
еݣǾԲ涺̫ʱ䣬ܳôãѾһ˼顣شףһ㶼֡
ʱѾˣҪشףԣε˽
Ц˵жһε⣬Ҫ֪ʱ䣬ڸ򣬲ӣȴŽУǴں˿ڣȫ׷ٵšһеһУ졣͵űˡ
ٺ٣Ȼǰ͸ʥһǰףؼ䣬ʲôطܱȴ׸ֵǰܴܲһȥߣҲûʲôġߵǼҡʥ᲻ӭɡ
Ц˵
Ҫһǰס
ںܶʿУصĴʡ˭Ľ׵ķ
лᣬȻҪǰʶʶһѵõ
ȥûлȥ
ҪȥȻû⣬׾ڣֻҪشɷУҪΥˣ֮£Ҳ˽Ҫ׼
жںӵ飬ûоܾʱദҲܿĳӱĲѣټϲֱȽϲԶѣս츳Ҳȫ̳䱾𡣷һս
ܶԺǿ߲Ȿһֵø˵顣
˲ʱǿǰ
׻ӭӸǰĸֻ֡ҪԴӵʲôͿԡ
˵󣬺Ҳ˺Уֻнڣܴǰף˻عʱǿ֮š
ʱ䵽ˣˣ֪ѼôУЩڶ̥ǷѾʼ䡣ипĿգǹ뿪ԽãԽ˼
û˭⡣ʥУвУʱ䣬ҲԶˣȻʿеʱгж̣Ϊ̸̥ǿĸжһʱ䣬վᳬ̫ࡣóʱȻ
λȥ˵ܵȵ䣬ӳһĻ
ˢ
ڤڤȻȻһָӦһǿ֮ƾտһǿǣдݶǿηһʩչͻԭԭʼꡣΪꡣ
ǣвûпܡ
Ϊһ⣬ǿ֮С
ֶΣȻԿԽ˺嫵Ľ򣬴֮УȻͬһ㣬̲ͣںϺһֱɧôһ죬Ҳȥġ
뿪ʱҲһ̤¥
·ܿʧ뿪Ļ档̳ǣĵ̣﷢˴ı仯Ҫǲ֪ǲйˡУ¶һĨЦݡ
ƺѾ²⵽ʲô

˿̣ƳС
ڣȻԿбɶϣܵԪĬĬšһö˸ǹϳɢϵϡ
һ̣ǿηУǹ˲䱩ǣǰδеŨ
ͬһš
һ뱾ȫͬӰһԽ
վǻˡ
Ǹ̾Ŀһʧţ漴ûκԥΪһ⣬û뵽ڡ
䣡
ںϡ϶Ϊһ
ɲǼ䣬һǿ˲ɢ
߱һ壬ǿη޾ǿ֮ΰ۳һ뱾𼸺ûвķڵΪǵ϶һģһɲֻǷһ컯һαǿĻᡣ
ͬķ뱾ںϡȻ˵һʵȴս˲һأǷǵСϵıԴõһ
ڣУۼ̳ɢ޾Ͻ⡣Լ䣬ճļģ¡


1935 
뱾ں£ۼ̳ƷʣԾĸһ¥ϣڵϱԴٴδĳ̶ȣһӵõСȻȲǺܴ󣬱ϾѾǲطϣǷ뱾ͬеķϣͬģںϣֻõ̸ۺ񡣷̡ͬУͬķ֮ȡǵ̵ǿ
ڣҲȫµϡȫ̳лȡٳһϡ̣һ˿ĶûС𣬴һ壬Ψһ
̸ǿһȹ磬ۺ񣬲ɺзǿٴɱ䡣ۼ̳ںϡΪһ壬̳鲻𣬻ȡԼ
̨̳
ÿһҪ
֮ǰѾ۳ۼ̳ڣҪľǽۼ̳ڽ棬Ǿ͵ͬһĳ䣬ٴιĿܡ
񣬼̳Ѿȹ̣ͻƵˮɡ
ǿĵƶ£ͻƺȻĿʼ
ֻУһۼ̳Ȼѹաڼ̳Уݳһ˫޶ԣϵ־
бͼͼһ̣ͻȻշƿգУңȻľͳۼ̳һ㣬Ȼһ̳ڣ·ͼһĤۼ̳ȫʱ̳棬ֳͼ棬нɽ续գ¸
ȻȻľۼ̳Ϊһ塣
һ˲䣬ؼĸĤƺøӵıطĶϤӵ򵥡ڵϣһ̣õĲ
ط׽ϱԴӵٶȣȻӡ
䣡
ͬʱֻԭѹͼе۷࣬һ䣬̤ͼڼ̳ϡ̤ˡȻһսۣסͷ޽ٶɶƴյƣѹ޾̳΢΢𶯣˫ŷ·ڼ̳ϡΪһ壬
һ̣ĸо񣬷·˺嫵˳ӣصʱճӡϵ޾ڤӣ嫵ֻصȵȡ
ЩΰĴڣһ˿ܸܵСЩΰ£·Ҫвһ־һ𾴡
ٲȻǴﵽһ磬ȷʱŻеһּ֤һף
Ϊһ̣ҲζţӵбЩΰסʸµʸ
֮С
л³һдһɡһġסֱ֣ڤӣֻأʱճӣ˳ӵȵȣһΰ֮У֮У֮С
ֻǱ棬̺⣬ڱϣǴ֮Сʵ֮У̺Ÿε⣬У̺ոտɲֻ³һ˵ͬʱĴĶӡǣСǵ޷Ϥеĵϣ޷ƽ
ؼ䣬д˵ǿĶħħȵȣڵʱͻԼһ֪ƿƿһУҪҪͻʮأıܣÿһħħҪ飬ܡ
ʿ۳ͬˣ֪Ĳ£ʱ̺ĶɵĻͻ޴Ӱ
ңÿһ̺ɣĵо磬ı䡣
ͺڣ˺еǲǿЦ߸֣ҪͱԸƪ˵
Уһ֣Ǻĵĺġ
ݣ֣ȵȡ̫ˡרȥƽһ˵Ǻѳɹ顣νǾ޴󵽼¡
ȷܿһֳڼ̳֮У֣·ÿʱÿ̶ڱá濴塣֣еĺڡ
ǳһףȻӴ֮󣬾ǽˣҲڼ̳£õԸٴθڣ˵Ѿõĳ̶ֳϵĳ䣬Ҳܴʱճٴֻоѣڤ׹䡣
һĸо鶼·һӣӵ֧ģҲױԭȵ鸡һɢ١
ĳ˵Ѿõˡ
ңܹоӽֻҪ˺Լ֣˳ڤڤеһָӦõоĵҪģǴܵһ
ĴܣǼһ磬һֻҪ˺ԸоǽĿ˳ڤڤеĸӦֱͶעȥԷһߵ龰
˸ߺܹӦǽܼ룬ǻ͡
ЩȻȻӵеһ
ֻǵһǵ̨ĹؼڣǾ֮أһȷͲٸģûĻᣬҪôҪôһ·ǶִһΪ۷Ĵڡṇ̀ӵҪ׼䣬ûܹ
ѾõҪһ̫ż
аԳ
һĻۣˮɣٴͻƣǾЩִ̫٣ϸĥĥվдġ
ȥվгᡣ
н󣬾ѡأһʱ´
ôãҪͨú˽һڴʥͥĴĽչΡ

Ƴǣʥ
ܿͨɢһΰƴϢ޾̧ۿһۣܸܵϢ
ȺС
ֱࡣ
̧ۿףһη֮ϡ
μʥʥʥ޽ɸ
μʥʥ޽ഺפ
УȺص
еȫʵʵģû˿١
Ⱥڴ׵ĹУͼᶨˡףڴУǶôһˡʥͥΪֹܶ೯еļ޷ƽһͬΰĸоĶڲ
λƽ
׵ͷ˵
лʥ
Ⱥл
λ䣬ʱ䣬ʥڱչ֪ڴ׵ľΡĴĹչΡλԳԡ
жȺҲһ󽾰Եͷ˵
ڣôױԽԽãԽԽǿ
ʥڲѾ֮ȫ£ֻҪȫ֣ʱ䣬Ա֤ȫռ˿ܹϣٶȣܸ졣
ǰһ˵
дһǿҵš
ڴ˵ʵϣȫһϡңһ壬һһɢɳ㲻̫Ѷȡ


1936 ıս
ѾʮˡµĹݽչٶȣԲȴĽУѪɳһǰƽͽƿסޱʵοԴױĸħò˱ܣҪȻֻܱ¾ҪôɴţڻҰУݷðͷڵ׽ʥͥʱУ󲿷ֶħɱʣµģģһЩûеǵ󱲣Դ׵ı棬̫ܡ
ʵ»ͥȴĿģһڱֵױ棬һڰƴշħңԽԽ»ʳԣǻʳеֵףǱлͥϢħ뵽»ͥ¡Լ䣬н۳ơ
ֻҪʳͿʱڣ²򡣡
˵
ѾƻԸ⣬»ʳ£ѵǣοռݲȫ㹻˲ŴԶȥ
У󲿷ַˮʦǰ̻ʣ޵д󽫾˾ժǣȥǰ棬ܶ鶼ü򵥣뽫ȫȥֻҪʱ䡣ʱ򣬿һɶ
࿪˵
ʱ䣬˵ȫȫת£һѾķˮʦȺΪɷˮŬ̻ĸʺĹڷ£Ըɼƻ̻ʣֱߵһƬùЩڴĹеĲǿߣǿͷʹҪ˰
ĸȷ棬ǰͱʮּ򵥡
һ£ĵҲŲƵӦλáֻȴһ£ѸٿĲ֣ʮ˳˵ֻҪԸ⣬ɲ֣׾ƿ֮ڡǰǡܹ㹻֧Ŷƿء
ܺá
׵ͷĽչ⡣Ҳ̻ĸʺ⣬ﾡãȻ°빦á
ʥħУ߸ʿͬעŮľ˱ʯѾħ򣬲ǺǸ󺣾սУÿ춼вɱڽУͨʱĶͶŹʯսɱ¾ʱ䣬֮ìܣڲϱħ򲻽ʵͬҲͬһɢɳҴ׳һ¡Ѹռ󲿷һʱ䣬ħ򣬲߹Ϊ塣ָ𡣡
ڼЦǺǵ˵
ϵ˭ܸܵĵ
̤֮ͬڴ׵УõԴޱ֧£һΪԽӵɲ⡣ңڼıϣӵı㣬Ƕ̶ȣǰ֡
ΪŮľˣڶħУÿȥʮϰ㡣Ǹ࣬ɱ¾޴ڣңǡ
µĶңħһƬңһɢɳڲ벻εĽ׶Σ֮䣬һʧȥΣһ൱µ顣ҪָΣǲܵ飬ǸʮٱŬ
ԣħ򣬼ѾǷˡ
һʯ߽һ
ıУµģǹ֮ơ
һߣ޲Ǹеĸ֡
ܺãְˡ
׵ͷĽչ⣬ڼûʧӵ̨̡ʩչˮ
ձȺʱ䣬ѾֻϣѾƿش롣漶УѾмλ˵ԵӶ࣬죬޲ǿຣѣҴʦҪ٣󲿷ֳֶƿ졣Ըȴʦǰһоٴ롣ԸΪ¡ԸģֿƿؼձȺֻҪȺĺһжɰ
ëǰһҲŻ㱨Ľ
׵ĵ̣ѾﵽһΣܶ飬ˮɣ򣬻һ֪ҪȥշЩϵǳ˵Σһúý˭棬ͶµСһеһУκô
ܺã˵ĴֻҪԸ⣬Ҫ˶ãҴƿ֮ڡΪһ֡ĵͷ漴ӴȺȻ˵ǰڣҴ׵ĹߣֻҪһ䡣
֪ʥ˻ν⡣
ǰѯʵ
Ǵĵ̣Ӧ׵ĲŶԣһռĴҴҲҪʱϢֹͣš
Ҳͬ
ľߣǴȺһĽ׼䣬ӦòʺϸĲŶԣϦģǳʩĴɡںܶ෽棬޴Ӱ죬ԭȵİţᱻƵɵӰ޴
ʥƻҪıĻ˿ڵϣֻҲһЩ⡣
ʱҲòվ˳
ǰͰ࣬úЭȻܰȹɹȥҪһӳֱ䶯൱Ӱ졣֮ǰнյʮ˿ڣԭȵģʮסÿһҪʮ˿ڵĹģ㡣ʮ˿ڣǿš
չ滮ڴ׾ڣΪǬĴɳǣɵ˿Ȼԣÿɳǵ˿ԴﵽһԸõѹܱ߻Ұÿһв¼ɳǡ
ҴȷһɳѹԲǧĻҰΪҴʵ㣬Ұеĸ塣Ŵ׽ԽԽ󣬱ΪԸıһߣ¹滮˴֮󣬴һ֮δš
һ˵
ƽУһεϡ
վԽߣȻĿͲһǰʵ㣬ɳѹԲǧƿԸ߸ǿڣ֮Уʵÿ춼ӡһɳǣѹԲǧѾţСá
ʥ˼ǣɳѹĻҰΧӦΧӣø󣬽ˣͷųɳǡƿظĽ򡣡΢Ѿе뷨Գ˼£Ҳ΢΢ͷȷʵǴ׷չбҪһα
ʥԲҴɳǵĵ̣ѹԲǧȷʵԵЩ̫СҰҲҪռ䣬ݣͬҪ֮Եľ㣬ࡣԴԴϣ֧ߵĸԶ
Цſ˵
ÿɳѹӦöãһֱȥ
׵ͷѯʵλ䣬ͬԳԡ
ײ·ֻҪеķʸ֮Ǿò㼺ײһĻ𻨡


1937 ¹
ԭˣĻҴţ˿ڵѹ˲ŵҲ󻺽⡣ܱ֤ŵٶȣҪͣŵĽŲǺ£ֵóԡͬҾÿСҴ׷йߣɳѹҰɳǣҰЩ壬ǴҪ𣬲£һΪʸ֮ģĵ֮ġڽţǣԶҴ񣬲ޣжڻҰжǶ£ѪԡҵʵǿʵΧδһ¡
ƳҲ˵
ı죬клѲ⡣
䣬֪ɳ֮ļ࣬ǷԽɽͼӰ졣
׵ͷѯʵ
ģɽͼɳΪģֻҪͬʱ룬ͨڷˮ󣬲κӰ죬ңһѹķΧԽܱĵԸӼһɳ£ɳеԪŨȸߣΪ츣ضδزܡδһ¡
Ц˵
ɳƹܵķΧԽ󣬻۵ĵԽǿȻĺôԽЩеĺô
ܺã֪λһɳǣѹΪʡ
ٴѯʵ
ʥ΢֮ԲǧӦһʮʺϵķΧԲǧ壬ݷܣҲṩԴɳаСҪǷΧٴɳǵƿͻ½Ҵȶ˾룬ڸ涼кô
΢󣬿
Բǧ
ȺҲǰԳԺȷǷʡ
ǧ˵ֻһ֣ЩȴԲǴһƬ嫵ǰܶңδзԲǧСͱĳһǵ룬ȴֻζѡ
΢ÿԣԲǧһܺʵһɳǿԽĸɵ˿ڿԸࡣҲͬ
ʥ΢ΪҪѹǧһɳڣҪӵҵ˿ڡڼޣһǧ˿ڣǸࡣ
漴˵
˿ڵİϣжȻеġΪܶ࣬ڷԲǧԣǲ̫֡ʱ򣬿һƬ򣬴ǿ˿ȥƿأʵʿ˵շУٶȴ⡣игԴ󣬲ʲôϰ
΢ͬ
΢顣
Ⱥڳ󣬷׷ͬ
ãȻλÿУǾʽгԣɳѹ󵽷ԲǧǨƹ滮УŽͨδ޶ң޲⣬⣬û⣬Ǿо飬ߡ
׵ͷ˵УɳǱģͰǵĹһ㣬칤Ҫ֤ʩչܹȥʱڽС
飬˵һ˵ô򵥣Ҫǲˮʦϡ
ͨɳѹ˴ǣ˳µ顣
ʥʥ
ȺӦ
λ䣬һ£͸һͣʱ䣬ΪһЩԭ򣬱лȡһ˿ڣʱԷףףԣ׽Ҫ˿ڣѾڳΪ谭ͬʱʮɿ󡣡
һ̣ҲûȻ˵ӵе˿͸¶ȥ
ʲô
ʥлŪ˿ڡ
֪Ƕ٣ȻʮͬʱţǶôӴ֡
ȺҲһо඼ڲԾľõѶϢĳʵ̫ˡҪ֪ڼǰоó˶ʮ׵˿ڣֵõϰǧ׵˿ڣǶô顣
ͬ˶Ժпתõ˴һ˿ڣ󻯡Ա֤׵޶ȵţάȶ
ûãȺ϶¶ԵЦݡ
Լ׷չĹؼʲôǾ˿ڰȴĵõһ˿ڣȫϵڱһӽ룬֮ǰȷ¹ߣһɳѹԲǧζţÿɳ룬Ҳζţɳ֮Щĳȫѡ
˲ϵҲܴ󻺽⡣
Уô׵˲Ŵ˿ڴһеһУһθı䡣
ϲʥϲʥһҴԭƶļƻҪıˡĸ㣬뿪㣬⣬֮УδǣչĴʱ̣һȣȣǺõʱռݵĽԽ㣬ǶԽĺôԽĵ̣ʵҴӦռݸĽͲ跴̡
¹ϵǰһڽ
Ǻ£ĺ£ռȻʱ̡ҪǵȵȥλƽʱѾͳһȨǺʣ빥ռ൱鷳ģȵȡ
˻һԶԶһʱʹͿԵġ
΢飬˿ڳ㣬һιռĴܱٽĽвʮͬʱ빥ķΧ֮ڡֻвţܿľ򡣡
ϵ˵
΢飬Ҵʵе̣֣ʧ档Ϸ־Ҳͬ
ͺǮУУǾǱֵͶʳȥǮǮǲ׬Ǯ
ܺã󣬸³̣ʱĴȫƿغȷĲԡ
Ҳͷͬ
˵ںУӵдˣиҵľӢʿЩԱδ׵֧Ⱥ󣬾ѡһ˲ţнףӴ˲ŴУҲҪǲеʦУܹ׾ڵͬͬĴ
Ҳᵢ˲ŵ˿ڻ˲ŵļʸ
ЩȻȺϲܵõ˲ţڸ󣬶һξ޴Ļ⡣
սԣȫı䣬Ĵ򹥷ܿ죬ʱҪڣĴ򣬱ʥҪȫΪҴ׽Ҵ׵ͳ֮¡
ۡ
ǣʥ
ȺӦһǿҵս⣬Ķ־Ƕδļ顣ּ飬̼Ķ
Ѿʥͥˣ滹ͥͥҪܶĿֻߡԴ׵ǱеȺܹоģǼȵߡ˭Ҫױøá
ɢȥҲ֮ϡ
ʮƽ硣ڣѾʮ㿪ѾͶʹáǴڷ״̬Եȴʱáо̤һδ٣һֻδװƽС


1938 
ˣ׼ٳµƽôЦĳǰΧвϷ衣ƽ磬̺һ㲻ƽҪ٣ֻҪ٣Ȼƽؼǣʲôѹƽ磬ΪƽġǹؼȻûкҲǿԵģֻƽǱɫѡ
ţ׹ģԽԽ󣬶ңһε򣬸򣬶̫֮Ҵ׷չͥҲ޷ȫͳθǵн򡣵ʱ򣬸ҪΪ㡣ʺţֻдڣܳͨ裬ʹñݣңҲʺʱʱҪµ֮ͨ
л˵
ʺΪ׶һǿԾ׼ִκǴ󣬴ܹڸɳһֱӴԽҰΣգӷݡ
ڣбҪٳ֮ͨ
Ҫħ
۾һתѾ׵е뷨еı֪Ŀ൱࣬õĴܼҡԴҲͬħڣǽ֮ϵӵĽܡӵķ㡣
ħƽ磬Ϊ㵥Ԫƽ翪֮۱Դע£ȡһȫµĲΡȻƾЩʱռĵرȥ̫ѣķԴҲ̫󡣲ʺϵɳǣﾡá
ƽ˵
£֮ǰѾϸǹоЩ̫ʣҲǣΪ㵥Ԫʺϵһַ
ʮһƽ翪ʼ٣ħΪĵԪڿʼںϡ
ͿʼƽĿ٣ƽб̺ſֻ֮ڵʱʱӡס˶ѣҪãʱԣңɳǽʱûκֻһһѡ
漴Ϳһöεɫħƾճ֡ƽУȻƽ罻һ
¡¡
һ£ƺըѣʱؿ٣һɴʱ֮ƽУȻʱƫ٣ռΪŨռݾųҡתۼ䣬һȫµƽѾٿγɡ
طֿһŨĿռ֮ƽС
Կƽ룬һ޴Ĺ㳡ڹ㳡ϣħϸֳ޾ģĪ⣬ƽ翪ٵĹУħѾõɱ䡣ϢУѾ鱦ĲΡֻǣƬƽںһ޷ŲƵġ
ˢ
ͬʱܿħУһȻԿһɫսףߴƾճ֡Ϣħһģһ
Ȼħ顣
ħμˣ˴
񽫹ӣ
ΪħħǸתصأ֮Σޱشϣ㽫ܹÿŻְ𣬴񽫽񡣡
׵ͷ⽫ش˽Ĺؼ
л˴
дϲֺ⡣
ܺãħ֮Ȼʲô
ٴѯʵ
ˣħйֻͨҪӦ꣬ټ㹻ʱռĵرͿħУ۳һרǰӦĽţôڣ뿪Ϳرվ͹رգħ֮УʱӦγͶӰ
ٽħе˵
ͣԽǰᣬǱҪӦţţҪʱռϵģУʱԲϿ࣬ռռݴ󲿷֡
ϣֻҪ㹻ĲϣͿţЩŽڴ׶УƿصĽ֮šֵͨ壬ǳġ
Ҫ֪ÿһУ֮ŵڣǲͬģͨĽҲǲͬλòͬδ֪ԣзҲв㣬̽һȫ·ߣǶǧѵġħĴڣȴԽֱӻһͨ궨λȥҵӦǰ
Ƕôǿ飬弫Ϊͬ
Уħÿһ꣬Զһν꣬۳󣬾šҪĲϣħлʱ֮۳񾧣Ҳʱձÿ۳ģһҲֻܹһš
ٴ˵
Сһ㣬ޱһ۳ʱձţҲζţÿһ꣬һšŻ漴꣬ͨĵطκνһпܶС
ħǿ֮
ˣħѾһö񾧣ӵһ̽صĻᡣ֪ҪҪھͿʼ꣬š
񿪿ѯʵ
ȻҪʼ꣬š
еЦ˵֪ˡĶġ
ûгɣħһָʱͿһ貵ɫ𣬳գȻʧ֮ûãͿдһħУΪһӡǡħУһöɫˮ֮ţʼڻȥΪķġ
գ֮䣬Ѿ۳һŵģ
ţ֮ħзɳ·Ĺ㳡ӭͳΪһаɸߵšţ·ʵ֮䣬һתıáɽӾ󲻶ϳ֡ԵĪ⡣
ˣѾ۳ɹ
˵
˼Ȼ棬ҹȥ˵
Ȥ˵һ䣬һѾ⣬ԥ̤УŹâһѾʧûƬ̡ٴηء
ع鱾һѶϢȻԺС
򣬾ȻǾ޴ĲĶ׽ȻӦֵ壬巴࣬컯ȻĪ⡣
׵ͷѾ̽鵽һЩѶϢ٣źĽʲôѾ֪
󣬾Ϳϣܿ͸ֳ֡򣡣
ζţţͨ
ﻹһЩʱղϣҲµ꣬
ᵽŵЧûгɣһʱղħ֮ǰĽҲȥƬ̺󣬵ڶ۶ɡڹ㳡ϣϸֳĽĹ׭֡
ˣ֮ǰιĽЩκʵѾС˿Ҳֱ
תۼ䣬м
ɳĮ򣬰ڽȺ۶תۼ䣬Χħڹ㳡УȻɢһȻϢ
ңЩԴŮϻȡһЩ꣬磬ǱĽ򣬾ȫµĽҲṩһ껹мˡ۳Ľɲţģ󣬿ҲԲСױڹĽҲš
ʱʼ֮ǰļƻˣͲ֪µӣڳɳʲôز
һ̧ۿԶ


1939 
ص֪еͯ˽һܱݵǰҪܱйǵ飬ֻҪڴ׾ڵģȫͯʿ˵µʱҲûκԽľٴ롣
ţ£ȿ˵
׵ͷ
һܱдŵ֣Ȼ
ڴмþ۱ڿװǣлȡԱ۳ң۳󣬾Ȼһ޶𡣸ǶǮƣһ⾭ҵš
ȻĸѶϢ鱨
мȻչһҺɳǺԸ߼۳ۣл֮ߣǺüʮļ۸ջһͰ
Ȼһʰԭϵ⣬ϲչԭϣټӹ죬ֳƷ򣬴лǷ
֪ڶ̶һУͻöҵļҲƣң⻹Ǽ֮Ľ࣬ڶ꣬ʲٴη˺üﵽǧҲ֮ÿ꣬ʲڱңʼԼСͨСеĴǣʼӸǴɳǡ
ǴʥͥУĴ֮һ
νһ޼֡
⼫̣ͬͨˡֱǺѩңͨҲԼСѩҵѩУͨĽӥУľС
ǰֵģϣкѩǼѶϢ֮ϸ˿Ҫÿһķʷ˵ȥǶһ棬Ϊ֮Ĵڡ
˼Ȼǽǻᷢģջѡһ·̵ͬҲδزһԻʹаԵͷһ̾
дûн̵ֹΪֻҪӦ˰գǳģֻҪΥƷͨУǾͿԺ޼ɣͨ衣
ˣܴиҵͨ˳лŻԡ
ȥѩңͨǰ֪е
һ߷ϣһ߿˵
ͯҲûгɣתȥ
Ȼ֪ʲôĿģȴ֪Ȼ޵ķʧ϶ڡʱһȻȻˣڴеĵλɴ͡
ѹƣᳫ˳Ȼ
ʲôʥҪҡ
ڵȵٺ󣬵һʱǾȣ漴ǿʼԼǲʲô顣Ƿ񴥷˴׵ɷȻٿʼ룬ټԼʲôĿġ
ӿֳĵʲô⴫ٶܲȥ
ʥΰڣеľֻǣе°̼ԹϵĵλͲߣڳ֮϶ԣǾȡķ򣬺ܶʱֻҪ͢ȱǮˣͻһ֤ԵȻԴģ飬лֹסеѽ
оз·һֱܵӰ
ûгɣگǰʥ
طѩҵҲûгɣѡگǰĸĴУһȻܹɳð¼ҵӵи̤ۡܿʥ빬к󣬿һΰ׳Ĺ־ɫʤգʻûļĺۼʢˡ
ĵط
κζ츣ظ졣
ԪŨº͡ʺ
ĻУһͷܳɾ
֪УҲ໥棬ڿ˴˺оȣҲиֲɣ˭֪һΪʲôĵĽĸһйҲ̫ˡ
ʥУ˭ûпڽ̸·˹мɻ䡣
ѩң֪ͨе
̤֪еǰڷһ
̤֪еС
һ̤ȥܸܵһε糱ˮϯûп⣬ֻ̤ȥ󣬾ȻܵһȻ˿и
̧ۿϷҡ
һַĵ𾴡
μʥʥ޽ɸ
ѩҲμʥ

ͬĹΰݵУû˿Ĳ
ƽ
׵ͷˣҲ΢΢
˵òǶʮ꣬ʮģʵ䶼ֹʮˣֻǣ󣬳ΪʿǵĲǷȱܹ̤ϼߵĲΡУ²ƵأǾռҪһ֣ȻҪ˶ѡÿһΪ͵ģѾﵽླ
һԪƳòһС¡
϶һƲȨĸλʡڴ˿̣ϵƣһ㶼ͷŲ
лʥ
Ҳ΢΢һӦ
˴ټǰ֪Ϊ˺¡ƽ˵
˶һۣͬ˵֪ʥʾ
еɲ٣Ͼһ̲֪Ŀģնƽ
ĸҴ׾Ĵ޼̵֣֮ϣνǸɧΪѵõ˲ţ֪λҴ׵ҵоΣҶԳԣ˵ʲô赣ǻۡ
Ц˵λ̵Ŵ
£̰ĵΡ˿Ҳ
΢˵ʥ֮УҵΧΪŨټ£ÿ춼иĲƷһΰʱңдڣǰɳǵ·øӰȫݣֻҪ۹⣬׼Ŀ꣬ܳƶӵлȡƸʸƷͨǸɳǵķ٣Ǿڷչ׳󡣸ıǴ
ĺȻ˵ģȻûʲô壬ʧ֡ʵԼĸ˵ȷѡ
ˣֻΪ°շṩҪһƷѩҲͷ˵
˷׷׳ԡڴ˵ԼĿУҲԴ׿ŵҵΧʱĹά̾УǶԴ׵л
λĸ߶ȡ̵š⣬ڴ׾ڣǣǰ֮Ľ׼δ򿪾档
˵ͻȻ˵
ʲô֮⡣
ͬʱһڶǵľʹ仰׵еͼ
Ѿ׼׵Ĵȥӵ򣬶ң׼̵ķʽУǲȥǾạ̊́׵Ļ̣ᱳΪܱ
¼䣬ʲôˣǾạ̊́ǾȻƣӵеԴ󡣲ݣǵλϵһת䡣
漴ҲףĻش𣬽ǾԼܷΪ̵Ĺؼ
ǳȥ̣ԲֻǼ򵥵ҵΪ˼򵥣Ҳòǡ


1940  ȫ  Ǯ
һοˣͨǾ̵̤ͨϴ׳ãһͬͨ˵ĵ·е壬ʵ̫شˣͬԾţһ㶼ţһ㶼Ϊĸþ̳̲ס඼ͨͨԣһʱ䣬˭ûп˵飬Ҫأأء
пҲûдߴ٣ǰһյѾݺõ裬ƣ쾰󣬲ϱ任Ŀ
ʥǰ̵֮Ļ׼桯ʤ棬УҾ˾ҾҴʥͥУƷ򣬾ѵһ챦زڴвϡȱɶȴֻ֮ͣҪЩز״򿪾档Դ˿ɺ͸е߲ϹϵԿγӰ
յһ˵
Ϊ̣ҪľΪ״棬ʲô棬Ǿ鱨еӰ
ʥǰ̣ԡΪԵҩҩȵΪڸؽĵҩ󣬵ҩΪʿõΪƷҲǱƷƾԴԴϵĵҩٶȣ֮Уȡݵλõʿ׷ûжԾܾеı
ѩҲ˵ԼĴ㡣
ѩұҩҩΪУҲˣʦǲиֵҩܶ൤ҩеģƳȻһȻڡ
ʥǰԡȫΪؼ䣬κѲʳסĸ֡ԲԣҲܲ·ǰ򣬽ջ¥ǳеȵȣһȥȻӰȡӦеĵλ׾١
ͨ˵
ʳסУ¹һƿأӰһһУܶԸ޴Ӱ졣
ʳʳͨһƬһʳʲô⣬޷ĺƻ֮ǿκսҪѷɫǿ
ţ
Ҳ׵ͷκʱʳסжǹغĴ£ԲҪʳסбҪӣӣӡ
ʥܳΪֻ̣ҪһԡǮΪǮׯǮУֱɱڲƿܱ߻ҵͨǶһ׵ȵȡκҵΪǮΪҵȡƿػңƿһСġ
Ҳſڡ
ֻǣݸֱӣƻңһʲôϣһϵе⡣ӰӾ޴Ϊ֮ˡӰµһؼڡ
аԵͷҲò̾˹治ǴĴеĴʼˣһҵǳˣÿһķ򣬶ľơչȥӰȻͬСɡ
ܺãĸĽҲ޵ķʧȷʵ֮׵ͷ˵׼׻ʼУ򱦵֮£ΪҴ򣬲ҪʩӰҲҪ׬ȡǮƣȡָĵرȡ²Ƹء
ĸԸ򱦵
п˵
򱦵Ϊ̣
˲䣬˵඼ɵֹͣ漴;ҵѪҺɵĿʼӿȻ֮ǰѾ²⣬õȷϢָоȴȫһġ
̰Ƕ׷һӶ޷顣һӵݣǾ͵ڣ׳֮ڣƷף˼ӳ֡
лʼҵݡߵǶû˸ⵡġ
ʥԸ⣬ȻԸ⡣
ҲԸ⣬Ϊ̣Ǻѩһӵ롣
ԸΪףΪʥϹѡ

˼ͬʱĳйл˵ʱһ˿
ܺã򱦵ΪѦִ򱦵ѾʮꡣλһƷҴеĴܼңҲһҴܼңȻޣ̵֮ϣվޣܹӱδزܽλá
ĵͷ漴˵򱦵У°˴󸱵ÿһλƹһеʸ񣬸ͨλжƷʩֻƣÿʮֻһΣ߾ϣٷΪ׼ʱѦ𽫻λµϣܹףõѫʱ򣬱Ȼǡ
ѦĲѾȫƿ򱦵ְ򱦵ļƻУѾʼԳҪԡȻѦĲѾ㹻ãǾҪλȻʮĹͣĥ𣬽µǾõѡ֮һȻǼӱʤ֮ǰѦƹܡ
Щ飬֮ǰͶѦ
Ȼʲô⣬ѦҲаһϾжܾߵλãһ㣬ڴУֵ쾡¡ռݸλǵһ·߹Ĵ֮ټûӦĶ˲ţڹˣõѡͬһ
ˣѡ
Ҳ˵ļƻһ飬ȥһʱŽ뿪һ뷷⣬ҲŽ٣뷷Ϊ򱦵λжƷ˼ӳ֣ӵдٺ»
׼Դ֮ĽǰڵĲ֣ͨн֪̽鱨ʩӰ
ͯص֪еУУգգ۾ѯʵ
ţһλһ˿ڣңѾ߱߳ȥĵ̺ʵȻڹĴҪʱ䣬ǰ֣һȡ½ĲƸΪãǿҴ׵̣ҲԻȡ鱨ƿؾƣڰв֣ӡռȻ
еȻһЦ
ȻˣֵҲӦǰΪ̸ʱ̶УǱֵ̽һȥͿǱǷչֵķֲʱ򣬷ԸЧ
ͯ۾һת˵
ţⱾΪҪ˵ġֵǶ̽ǲȥ֣ǾеľҪܽһصľݵ㣬̶һŵӣֵһ壬縺ԶԶеҪҪ
ֽͯϸУЦ˵
ģֵʱ̶׼š
ͯŵ˵
Щֵ꣬̽Ӵ󣬾ḻȫ
ǺãɫҲˣȥϢɡôʱ䣬οοֻСЦűͯʣ޹лŮ֮飬
Ҫӡ
Ҫ࣬͸һ
Ȼһ绨ѩ£ζ޷ᡣ
ͬʱ˷ؼкͿʼְΪ̣Ǻܶ飬ͱҪһıܻ䣬ҪΪǰ׼


1941 ȫ
С壬֪ͨȥͨиƹȫܲҪ顣סƹ񣬱ϵܲң뿪鰲׵һź߷Ƶ˿ڷԸ
Ķӣе壬СС壬ǰ棬ĸ磬ֱͭǽͭؼ䣬ǹؽǱ
ԼȡҲϣܹƶร
вƣŮɫϣԼӭȢĽ檿ɲʣµĶŮɲ٣׳Լļ壬ͨеĸȶ
ǰһ²Ѿ۹ôͻȻҪۻᣬĻǲǻӰ쵽еתЩɻѯʵ
ҪʣʱȻ֪ˡ
еĲѾҪıˡǰͨԵǴ׾ڣãҲȷʵǳΪĴ֮һڴУҲǹͣڳΪ̣ǾҪ⣬еĲԣҪı䣬жת⣬Ȼ˵ҪȫףǣҪתⲿ
֪е̸ĴɱֻǣݽתΪ̣Դ֮Ĵ׬ȡ󣬽߳ɹ򱦵ǹԼСó󲿷棬ʵȴһ㶼ɣһܹ̣֮ԲڵҪǸࡣ⡣
ҪǣѾӵл̵ݣʥͥݴıκ涼ҪҪɣĴгԵȻǶʧȥܶ࣬ʵ򣬵õֻǸࡣ

ңУҲڷͬ顣ټƹ׼ı֮ǰĲԣӦԽϾ顣֮⣬սû̵սһս
ͬʱ֮ǰƶĹߣҲŴ׾ڴȥڣִȣ˵൱ˣ֮ڣѾ˾֪
ظ۷׷ס
һǴҪдˡԭÿɳֻҪѹԲǧĻҰȴҪѹԲǧɳҪﵽǵĹģ˿ҪӣٶҪﵽĲΡ޾˵ҪﵽǧһΣǴֱʡ
Ǻ£ɳǷΧڵǧҰ˵ʵѾЩ㲻ǵʱ䣬ֻҪҰЩڻҰеĸֵĺǿӲʩչɱֿɲҲڲӦøǸһЩռ䣬Щ
Ҵʵÿնǿȫʵһ㣬ѹԲǧȻѶȣЩС£Ҫֱǲˡ
ڴ䣬նǶĸı䣬û̫Ӱ첻󣬶ںĶࡣɳǻǾסĻԪŨȣ᲻ӣڳԶ˵ĺ¡
һЩӵԶˣǿĺôͷų˲ţӵиɳǣȥѹĽ򣬶ڴ׿Լѹô಻ʤζţ׽ŵĲ᲻ϼӿ죬ǲֹͣζʲôζŽӵиĻᡣ̨
ڴ׸ıߣ඼Ǳһֵֹ֧̬ȡ
Ҳʼʵʩˣˮʦʼǰɳǣ嫺ʼΪĿʼʩУǧɳǣ֮ʼƶŲƵµĵص㡣ȷй칤ĹѸٿʼɳǽĹģǳǿġ
ı䶯ҲӰ쵽Ұ֮С
ҰڣŴ塣
ЩжԴѺõģҲģежԵġ
ȻжԵıϾ
塣
峤׽ɳŲƿΪԲǧһɳǣҪʲôôĻҰǾķˡ
أôĻҰԺԴһ֪ͨȥеĶǶŬһЩСӡǵĲø׳ǿʵҪ
֪ͨȥйע׵ľٶɱŷųô򣬰ȴҪС
塣
Ů׵ı仯᲻ǲӰ졣ǲҪְɡ
õģ׵ֶοǺܸԲǧĻҰŴͬûԴ׵ѹ֮ìֻ»½

һڴ׵ľٶֻţ˭ҳƻҪ֪ڻҰУ׵ӰǿҰеĵˣڲϷת䣬ƷԽԽߣҲԽԽࡣ޲ʾţ׶ڻҰӰԽԽǿڼԲǧɶǧĻҰƿһ㶼û½ڼǿתٶԽԽ졣
ǴʵıǿѹһеС
Ǿ棬ͺһɳǣԲǧڵĻҰȦһС磬ɳʼǺ
Źߵƽܿ嫺ڣһɳǿʼϳű߽ڵλûۡܶɳǶѾ棬̧۾ܿЩɳǣǽʮɳǣǾḻ֡
ԭȣȱɳǣȱоɳ֮
ڴ˿̣ȴѾ׷תɳǱȴռݵĽࡣ
ȥţӿԲĹٶȣѪٶȳӿ졣ʮ֮ڣѪǽǾڵ壬Ϊ׶ȡĽ㹻ɳǵĽ򡣡
һӾз
ܿ죬ĹٶȣһӾͿʼѪŵٶȸǷٱǡ˲ƽңÿӶƽʮٶƽ
һƽ˲һȻ
֮ԻֿܵȫΪûȫ𹥷Եʣһеֿͬ߹һ㣬˲߽⣬һһɳǴӴ׺ŲƹѸٽָǣҪܱ߽ɣɳһ䣬ЩŲƶɳǣ޲ڴнʮǿɳǣѸٽһƬƬָÿһɳǶͬϵһöһ㡣
ͬʱ鱨ѩ»ͥ
˿̵»ͥȻܿɢһׯ£ҹħʵټ̨ڼء
»ʳ۳
һ޴Ȼ֣ӭͷֱϣڽ׵ϴУɱ䡣צɱ䡣»ʳʱ䣬շħϵ˴ǿ󣬴˿ɱУĺô
ʱһˮɵɽɱצ½۳

ˣ۾ǰߡǰߡܡ״ٽˡ
ǰ߸漱ʮ𼱡ǰƽǧڲϽ׵ɳǲϽ벳򣬸½ʧأֵס֧Ԯ
һٴԶ
һףֱ̫Ȼڱ۾۳ʱ򣬷ƣֱûн۾ҹ۾Ļ


1942 ʳ
κһʱ̣׷ȫǰεʧأεʧأҹ˵ķŭֻǣµ۳Ĵӣɻʳ۳֮Ľ壬ȫͬһעҪµ۳ʷĴӣһ̣ȴ׸ƻ˴ģĽǲӡ
Ӱ
ֱ̫
һ̣ڴоԼʹûһһŭ
ҹӦþǽ۳ʱҪٵĽѡⲻ٣˽٣ܶɹȥµ۳Ȼ´󼪣Ƕɲֻ»شԪˡκξҪ˼С
ʱ̫ܿһص˵
ûκһ˳ġ
ףҪԵĵһѹأȴԲһʵ㣬ҪˣԹˣǽģҪģӦ֮ߡҪȻµ۳ܵӰ죬Ĳȣ˾Ͳȡ
ĸԼǡ
ҹ۾һϵķŭǿѹȥ̤ڼ̨ϣȺȻ˵λ䣬½۳ʱĿѾﵽ֪µ۳ʵҪֵףֻһ֮ǰ۾Ѿ׼·ҲǸȺĳŵ

һ̣µ۳Ⱥ̧ۿҹ۾֮Իѡ񳼷µ۳ҹ£Ϊҹŵа취ֵף׵Χ֮⣬ڴ׷ƣҹ۾ֳŵʱ򣬿Կ϶һҹҪģڵĴþ棬˲ͻֱ
۳ҲƷס
ģ۾˵ĳŵȻһһʵ֣µ۳ӵǣѹ˵ֻǣȴò϶á
ҹдһ˿ʣѹˣһΪ棬ǾڳУ̺һ磬磬һʼֻǶռ䣬ŲԹ˼ǲϳɳɱ䣬ռ䲻׳󣬴ﵽСǧ磬ڵǧ硣һ죬ȫԴﵽǧ磬µ۳ӵĶûʲô׺µ۳ĸ
磬µ۳·
۳ֱǨƵǵڡԴ֮µ۳ͳȫΪһ塣˳Ǽ򵥵һܸģ˳۵ˣˣˡŻۣǹˡȻܹۻͻʹơһ»ʳӲ룬ǨƵУǾ͵˵ѾˣתƵϣӴ֮֮ءԽǿµ۳˾ԽǿɵԽࡣٲܴӳ
Ҳ˵µ۳ܲ뵽ȥǲᣬǲռݡ
һƣͬҲעµ۳δһ·
ȥµ۳飬ȫŲƽǡһΣ۾Ҫʹ׺úöһȻ˳ĵ·Ǿһ£ʳ˳
ҹЦ
УһöɫѾ߸աһɫµ۳Щ⣬ͨǵͨ
Ϊһ̣Ȼµ۳Ѿ׼˺ܳʱ䣬ܿ죬һİվУһǳأεضǳشŴգһŲƽȥµ۳칦£׷糱ˮӿУҲڵһʱ䣬ǡΪһ塣
Ÿǳʧս֮ԭΪµ۳ṩ˵ۿɼٶɢûռݵ£ȻΪµ۳СǽҪԡ˳Ҫ֤ʧһɽһѪ
ɽǰûκɽûκá
ʵ۾ʲôʳ˳
ѿҹѯʵ
ʳ˳Ҳ֮ΪʳһѡΪʳߣǾԶӴԺ׳˳ֻʳӶԷ϶ȡˣӴԺҲûа취ɳֻӶᣬǾһС
ҹĬ˵
ⲻǿ𡣡
гӲ˵
ֻӶֶΣ޷ԼҪֻӶᣬǿûκ˳ߵᱻǵһ˺ģؼ䣬ҵ֮أȫǴա
ʲôʳʲôãǿԲӶˣɱԼҪõ̫࣬ȫһֱͨ۷ĽݾֻҪһ·Ӷȥÿ춼ڱǿһ죬֮ϣ֮ϣ˳ֻҪǵ֣ͻŷɥεȵ磬εȵǡ
˵
ңôпνƻĸףӶǳɳĽݾȫǵƢ
Ҫ֪µ۳ħֻ۵˳óľƻӶᡣǵ
һӶĿ꣬ҪڴʥͥϣӴӶ˲Ǵġ
ӶᣬӶס
ֻӶᣬܸӳ졣
µ۳ħźȻת䣬ʮֵ˷ܸˡûиоʲôá
һΣһҪô֪µ۳ԻǵجΡΪʳǾֻǣûˡ
ҹҲѾĺԲܾôߣҪߣҲҪôƷʹ֪࣬ʲôµ۳ʲôʳ»ǴҪʲôͿʲôҪ޼ɵ޼ɵġ
µ۳ŲƵٶȺܿ죬һƬƬٶȱụ̂һǳأȫŲƽǡľţҲԴԴϵĽСУѾµ۳Ĺƣ
ǨḶ́졣
УǰսֻһЩڻңκĵֿ
ɡ
ɵô׸ŶоЩԾ
ܵᵽһ˿Ź֡
ϳ̣ûиоԾ鱨»ʳô˵Ҳһʳһ˳ߵʳĲΣҲԲߣôһ·ϣĵֿûСƽḶ́δЩ̫˳ˣǲթ
ҵԳҧ𿪿ڽ̸
ҲЩԾҲ̫ˣôЩԾ飬Ҫȥ߸Ĳʿôġ
ҧһŹֵ˵
ܱģѪڣʲôıƣҲ׵óѣǱǣһʧݼ̹˵
ɻɻռݵĽȴʵʵڵġ׵ɳѾ£۵ѾȷȷʵʵĴ׽û³ȥĵ
ǰ޵ֿ»ʳȫ߳ˣҪʲô
鱨ܿǰ


1943 
Լ׵ǿдûлɹһδɱɱš»ʳԲǴ׵Ķ֣Ȼܱ̽鵽»ʳڴշħ׼۳ѾڽֻǣֽȫԴ׹̫вִٽ£кսԡ
øӻҪеġ
ȥѪֱӸ򣬽װͼ֮ڣ򣬰ռȶߣͶɳǣѹҰ壬κβߣҷߣһɱ⡣
ֱ´
»ʳǱԳֱʣ㲻Ѿ۳ƶĳЩı壬Ȼǲ׼֣ǾֱԻͻʹƽ֮ɱֻҪѪǽֽȥǾζţⲳеһУᱻȦҪ뿪ѣǳѪǻûг״۳ʵ״̬нҪ뿪ǧѡ
졣
ΨһĲãûѪǰΪϣ͵һֱӵķҪ潻棬޷ȲǰУעҪŲСĻҡ
ֻǣһ׽κıƣ𲽲ʳңڴʩ¹ߣд嫺ɳǣԵһʱ䣬ʱվãȻܹƿȫ֡
ҹζ࣬ԵĲõġ֮ǰ㲳Ϊû㹻һپн򣬱
̧ۿ򲳺ķ
ʩ¹ߣԭԲǧһӴﵽԲǧ嫺ڣеɳͶ֮˵ɳѾ㹻ʱڣ򣬿Щ嫺пгɳǡȻ˿ڲ㣬˿ϻҪ䡣
ÿɳǲ˿ڣ׼ֱӴӺǨƳϴ¡Ǹס죬ҲõںϷ֮һ
Ȼ˳ƶΪˮɡ
ǰߡ
ӵһĨâһָȻ˵ʥѪǣֱӸǲò֣ԱѪٶȣʵ֪ͨ࣬ɳǣ׼Ͷš
¡¡
´漴ͿѾڿŵѪǣͻȻ䣬ʵ廯Ϊãۿɼٶȣ·˰㣬ĳϯȥɽľ顣ܿ·õѪǴԼϣֱӴȥˣħĿá
ǻ棬𺳸С
ôܣѪǣôô졣
ã˵׵ѪԸ⣬ԲһУȽҪֵסãںһһ²ȫʱǵ򣬶Ͱһ顣ʱҪ߶ߵĵˡ
ãѾ׼׶֣ȫҪȫ̽ȥһضģ׼ȫ
е鲻ħѾɫ䣬ĸо׳׶Բˡңѭ򽥽һλζţҪжǵĺ·
κˡ
һףӦȻ죬ʱѾˣµ۳Ϊʳʱ̣¼䣬һ˳ǱӶĿꡣⲳҪ뿪ǣ뿪֮ǰҲҪһβʹĽѵȻôеŭ⡣
ҹͬѪǰһĻ档Ȼ֪Ѫľ
۾µ۳гǳأаգȫǣѾӦǱҪ뿪ˡ
Ͽ˵
ʱǨƣѾȫħȫ롣
ϣµ۳֮ҹأգµ۳תΪʳΪ˳ѡӶ£ʳķ֮
ҹ췢档
ż£Ȼ䣬оȻһ⣬ڳ֮ϣų˲âʢԵøӵ졣ƺѾɱ䣬ɢ⣬Ѿκ鱦ѷɫǸǿڲռӾ޴ķ˸ĳ̶ֳϣѾӽĲΡ
ɣʳתĵһսǴʥͥѪŵʱñ۲ѪݡһΣεֵ
ҹЦ˵Ϊһ⣬С
ʱͿһų貵⣬УһӣӳһƬѪ죬·ȼգд޾졣
ͣһ˲䲻ǾͳŴǰսԲ˼ٶƿնȥУһ貵ĳ⡣
ڳһ˲䡣
Ƴǣࡣ
ضУ̧ۿȥһضǶʱʼתһ˸ƺԿĻ棬ֵĹȥδ
Ϯѽ٣ǻ޴ĻƻǣԲ򡣡
ӵǣ͵ضںϺص˲ԭ޷̽鵽ѶϢȴ̽鵽κвڴ׵ữΪϡ
಻˿ԥһʱǰõ鱨Ѹٻ㱨
Ϯѡ
üͷ΢΢۾Ц鱨»ʳǳǣԲǿ϶»ʳǺôĵӣΪһöǣͿԸıս֡Ҫô룬Ǿͳ״ˡȻҪսǱʥܲ㡣
Уһ˿Ȼ
ȻԷҪսǾĴһ׺¹
ҪսǾսʹ졣
ʥʥá
𶯣˵
ʾϮȴû¶׻ԴˣҲȻ̫ء
սһкη
׵Яǰս赲ǡ
ʮФػ׼ʱԮս
һ´
ʥּһ£ֻڸǱķ׵һʱʥңңһݣʾּȻ˻Ϊĵ⣬˲ƿնȥսǰߡ
У
Уµ˻
һö޴Ǵֱӳǰߴ£µλãٲȻһողŲƹɳǡɳУϰգΧһ֧֧׾šǧľ
һûеסĻȻǧ䣬ѪɺӣʬҰ
ǣܿ޴ޱȣ·һöǳһ㣬еĴСвʮõɽɻԵƻ
ǣƲɵ
õҷҴ׽Ҫ룬𲻴Ӧͼ
ǣĵƿն
һ޴ͼƾճ֡
ͼϣܿڱãַ·ֱӻΪһƬĻ󣬹ϵ鲼ͼ档һʥϢ١
ⲻͼͼ֮һ


1944 ֮
ڣ鱨Ӧ»ʳƣκ鱦ѷɫƻӿ¡Ȼ׵ĴoͲֵ֪ܷҵվߣɫص˵
׵鱨ѶϢٶȼ죬ͨԵһʱ䴫ݵСõѶϢѾ֪Ȼף£»ʳֻǹһעҪƴһ
˵׵ӵͼ󣬻ǿҲǴܵѹƣأʧ
ݼ̹⿪˵
ĩΪҪ׼⣬ţսڹؼʱ̣Ҳóɳ˵һ򣬾һʲôⶼпܷ
ţȥȫ䱸ʱ׼ǳǣҹҲҪƬ
ҡҡȣͷ˵
ǣѾҪʥֵǡǰ赲赲òÿսﵽʲôΡһѵõĺûᡣ
ֻѾʼ
ٶơ
̧ۿͼſڷһϺȡ
ϺУΪһ⣬ֱӳͼǡ򶫷ӿ
¶ꡣ
Ҳûгɣһ£ҲΪһ⣬ǣˮڡ
ĸϷߵ硣
ĸ𣬳Ϸǣһڲ˸Ծ
򱱷
Ϊһڱ
λĵȻȻͼӦϽڣܿͼУ׵粻˸һָߵķѸ۶ɡۡһۣļӳ£Էӳʮٱ
ѩ룬ѩء
ʱͻȻ䣬ֻһԶɢ£ȻԿѩݵıѩŮȻͼϵ󡣱ѩ֮еһ֡
£޾ѩ֮Ϯͼʱͼڵĸַϣ˲䷢ı䣬ȴںһ𣬳Ϊͼһ֣뵽Уӵӵ£ҲǸӾ޴
ѩҲˣ̫ˣһǾͿͼǿ󡣡
񿴵̲סЦļ룬ȻǸ˲ͲóΡ
̫ˣǼףõ뷷⣬ܴˣԸʥչǼֵʱ̡
ҲŴЦ
ǽܴ뷷⣬ȻҪչֳֵʵģİõĴҪȻ˻ΪЩoֻǳԸɷİ衣
ͼ䡣
񷢳һϺȡ
Ȼ䣬ֻУͻȻ䣬޾Ŀ硣һ֣ǴĻڵأ޹⣬УУпµϣѪⶼɢԪ񶼻ɢɽʯҲҪ绯ǿ£ӭһԱƵǿϡ
磬Ѿʵʻˣ۶ܿĵѾΪһֿµ硣
ǵصĴµĳǡ
׺ÿķӦٶȣȻôѾ׼赲߾ȻoУ̺ǿķ֮򡣲ƾЩ赲۵ĳǡ
ڳУҹ۾·ӵϵӽǣųǶ۾֣ңסµ۳ħͬԿĻ档
ǡ磡
ǿɲֻһöǶѣǾиֿµͨ
ɫŷײһ
ɫɫײ
·캣Хˡײ䣬նŤһѷƾճ֣ռ䶼ѣտɫһƬŤ룬ᱻ˲飬
ײֻǣǲûֹͣУӲƿ硣
֮ѩΪ籩ҪǱ⣬ǳ״ݻǡ
ͼoͷųͨи컻صΰ籩֮ì֮棬Ⱥ֣Ϻǡֻǡǽƿǵʵֲ̫ˣУǿԵħע֮ϣǿƻ
Ȼƿһʱϵ⣬Ҳڲģϰ߶ǵģħħҲ޾ģᱻģһľͲܱǿ
һöǣȻʩչ˶ͨ磬Ѫ꣬棬ǿ֮һжݿ౻
ͣסҡȣü¶һĨ֮ɫѾһЩˡײƣ̫£Ҫ۽ݣ赲ǣ
ڣͿʲô֡赲ǣǾҪ׼ֶΡ
ͼսìǬ
񷢳ŭ𣬷·޾𣬲ϻص
ǰĲǿθС˶ѣһβĶһ£ͼķת޾ۣȻ䣬Կһɫսìƾճ֣УսìУۣ֮ܿ׵ѩ籩֣С
սìʵʡ
ͼУսì֮ڡ
ͬʱڴ׾ڣһε˲ӳսìϡԴ׵⡣ӳ£˲䣬սì̺ٴαսìͨ쳹أ·һ֮ì޴󵽳󣬷·һɽһ
ǣײȥ
ҹĿãͫһƬ䣬սìϸܵһǿҵв鵽һѾûκ·ҪôʤҪôô򵥡
һײµ۳
սìɱ
޴սìų޾âֱӴǣ·һҪǳ׶Ŀơ־죬޼᲻ݡ
¡¡
ֻǧ֮һ£Ѿзҵײһɲ֮䣬һɹⲨ㳯˷ϯȥ֮Ʋ˲䱻飬иʵĴɽһȥ˶һ⻬ƽֲ̨׷ױˣǾɢɳеգҲоʮһ㡣תضɽҡ
սĿʼռڲϱ飬飬һѷк޾Ļܱ֮ȫֳһƬһжڻΨһöһսìп⣬ϵķֿϵײ˲Ϣǳǧεײ򣬲ѹ
ôµ۳תΪʳһ̣ȫȫǣħΪʲôΪʲôᱻoסΪʲôײһսì۾İ
ҹڳУһ࣬Ϊ£ᱻֱײսìȻܹⲻ


1945 һͳ
֪׺ǿһǰҲֻҪӴӶһЩˣһеŭֻû뵽׽ֻɳoѾԼûа취׾ڣŶò뵽ϼֱһƬʹ۾׼Ѿ׼ǳ䲻£ǻлᣬ׼£϶ǽ׾ڣӶᡣ²Ϊ輱˲С
Ͽ
ܶ¡
ڳǰѲսìķҲ鲻սìǲʤܵľ棬ҪǵȴٴεĻֻ뿪ͻúѡ
һգһʱֻ֮ذ
ҲѽΪԴһ䲻⣬ڿûֿܣڲߣֻ»Զڴ׾ڡɲҪĽ֡
һ仰ܻţ˭Ҫȥ
ǲİշȻƲ˴ʥͥķӶ᲻˿ڣǳɳǽɱؼǿ֮һʱûκֹǡ
ҹûг׷裬Ȼףѡ񣬲ȷġ
²Ϊˡ
䣡
һεײ£һƬձͬʱͻȻһתƬռѷУ׵ߵľٶһĻ̫죬ǣҲûü赲ֻܿųǶա
ף۾ٻġ
ųǵʧһлصܸܵдݳĲʡ
ȻˣҪټȥһлƿǡ
Уսìɢͼų֣񣬱ѩŮo׷״ͼз˳һ΢΢üһóѣûб书һۣδЩ̫һʹѫôƤӵ¸ˡʵǿϧϧ
ܵ졣
УȻԿʮӰܣַˣʮФػ񡣽ӵҲǵһʱڽսʱѾִûг֣ǿǲû·磬׼ԵȴʱŻ֣һٽѹû뵽ҹľ˹תͶաѷ죬׷ѡ
Ƕӣµ۳Ѿ뿪֮УѾûκ谭ȥȫٳ࣬ٶȣͶɳǣҪٶȣռݣ׽ͼ֮ڡ
̧ۿ򲳺ӵ˵Ѿ޼һµ۳ĳ룬ѾΪڳһƬõռռ䡣
Žʿ϶¶˷ϲ֮ɫ
ռݲζţ׵ٴαǿβֵϲ
䣡
䣡
䣡
еķˮʦѾ׼ʱһɳǣһΣΪٶռݲ򣬲κηӦʱ䣬ֱ붯òʺš
ܿУһ߲ʺ֣ţһɳںУƶзˮʦʼ֮ŲƵɳǡ
һ

һ
һǧ
ɳǿ£ÿһܿ׵֮ӣܱߵĵˣҲɳǻ۶ȥϵǳѸɱ䡣
ɫɫɫɫ
ɳµλãṩĵˣֱӴﵽɫݼ˷۶
УεķѾ
鲼գѾǶ֮Ϳֱ֮ͨͨУͨͨѶûκ谭ЩľǴ׵֮γɷľǴ׵׵Ľ
ڻҰеĸ岿䣬飬̧ۿա
졭ˡ
ⲳٲǵ£ǵѾǴ׵ǣ
ǿɫʮѿܹܵؼѾı䡣Уͷƺһεļ·ʱп£ֱӽԼѹһôЩĸоѹ֣Եѹ֡
ȻӦþǴͳµıȻǴ׵ķɷ
Ƭ죬ڴ׵ġ
־
ȥˣʱ䣬Ҫ뿪䣬ݷһʱ˵ȻǿƣڻҰУͬҲǳصġƼˣʯ٣һȥ
ȫȴƱ䶯ֻҪվлᡣײǿʢȥ
׷׿ʼֵܵңռݲѾΪһֵֶʱЩͬ൱ģʱӲ׵ķâʱݷǶûиŵģֻҪзĿܡǲµȴһϣûС
ڹ
Ҳ׵ĹйأɳѹҰʵһĿռ䣬深ܣǸϾɱأܸתĿԣȵһ߼˵ľأͺñ£壬ѡƴֿǰйΪлϣǾͲʲô顣
ǧҪΪûеƣҪ費һУпɾ޴ƻǧݲС˼ѡ
֪ôΪҪ𲽲ʳһĥǵϣ£˭ʯ٣ͬھţ
ҲûֱӶԸ֣ΨһĿģǽɳǣƶλãֻҪ岻ƻɳǣȻһаãҰҲֱɱȥ
ֹĬ£ɳһֲ˼ٶȳڲС
ɳȫǾḻһ㶼ţɵĿʼܱ̽ߡͬʱ¼ܱߵԴȵȡ嫺зɳǣֻʣķ֮һʱ򣬳ױ鲼ɳǡڣǣ鲼

Уһ˷ܵȻܿһ޴צ嫺벳ֱֳΣڲɳϿ߮ԸˡУܿצۿɼٶȲڵͣѾﵽһǧɡ
ɣʵǲۣλȴرȫͬɢѹ֮飬о·ҪϢһ㡣ʵ̫ˡ
Σ֮Ҳ˵ı仯
Ȼܿոռݵ򣬵˲ɫڲϼɱ䡣
ɳλãǴŽ⣬ҫޱȡ
˽̫ˣΣһͳǴ׽ͼٴţ̫ˡ
һǴ׾ӵӴסʥʥ
ɳǰĿã¶΢ЦеϲԺȫ޷ʵǳУѪҺڷڡ
ʥС
̧ۿ򲳺¶һĨЦ⡣
ܺãѾһͳҰȻһЩ֮ڴǰϡħҲÿʼˡ


1946 ĸ
ڳǵĶӣвû⣬ߵһ۳ΣڲԼĶ֣͸Ӳǣ׵ķչֻԽԽ죬ԽԽǿҪ׷ϣӰ´ָʳ޷ˣֻӶᣬˣ˿ڣʶǿ˼ҪӶᣬǾȥӶȥӶᣬϣҪмʺҪȻ̫ȤֻҪӰҴ׾ͺá
ζĿһ۳Ƕӵλá
֮ǰսʥУʵеһУӳУֻҪԸ⣬ǸӲȥ֮ûг֣Ƿ˳ǵܣҲ֪µ۳ײʲô仯
ʳ
һϵȵĽʺ
µ۳ڣӶᣬԽ˳ķչͷңûĳ֣ոտһһԵ챦ڳϣĸһ챦ңһԵģΪĸ壬һʹãĸߣữΪһöӣĿڡ
ţڤڤе֮帽ѶϢݻңǲٸıλõġһܵƻˣ챦ǳױˣˡ
;һ㶼ûС
ֻƿסǵĶѡΣû̺⣬·ǼһУͲᱻ֣Ϣ䣬Ѿһֻ۾
ȻĸĸĿģҪǣȡĽֻ꣬ҪִȫµĽ򣬶˳ڤڤеϵ۳ӦĽꡣ
ÿһ꣬ڴ˵Ƕ޼֮
һ㣬ɱȽǵѹҪõĶࡣ
ǳΪҴ׵ȷ档Ƕõ顣ҺãҶá
ζĿգ·ѾδΪ״Ľ꣬ȡĻ档
ǿԵεģעҪһ򣬴ᣬȥôõȷ󽫡ңµ۳һΪʳ;һ˿ؾڣܿĵþҪǿг֣δؾǺ¡
Ѿһͳʱƣ˻᲻ͬʱǹȥٽѪǴ۳ʵʱ򣬲ڣҲͰһ飬ɺѾ⡣ټϽ벳ɳǣǴ嫺ǨƹȥģḻֻҪǨ˿ڣͰɳǵ£ȥһжٹ̡
һչ滮Ҫʮ˿ڡ
ռѾԽʮ˿ڰȥ
Ƕħ򣬼ձȺ򡣻ʺ棬Ǵģȥܹ˿ڵģ

ʮʮ
ռݲѾȥһ£һУ׼æµ֣˿ڽǨƣʮ˿ȫ벳򣬲ңѾһɳСĹǰɳǣש䵽ɳУÿɳǶʮ࣬ڴϣһȻΰ޳ǡ
ƣһۿһĸо
ڻҰе壬п̽£ҲͫȻʮּ顣
ȴû˭ĳֽƻ
ĿһɳǷɱ䣬ճɳܣѻĵأʳдĵ˳ЩУ˭ȥƻ˿ɲǿ
Щˣ忴ѾһˡǴһ֧ڱĴ
̶һʱ䣬ܿɳΪģԴԴϵĻۣƷ׸ͬɫɫɫƣ࣬ס
˵ɫǲڡڻҰɢĵˣųɫƷסңɫڲϼֻٲ֣ɢɫζţƿ޷ȫ롣ӰȴǴڵġ
Ŵ׵ƿҲڲϼǿ
Ѿٷıʡѡ
˿̣ڶħС
ܿƬҲԵӶ࣬͵½أ̫࣬Уһɱ֮ɷŸɷȻ໥棬ᷢǿҵĽ䱸˴˼䣬ûΡ
Ϊ˹Ůıӣֵ֮䣬ᷢɱѪ
ʯڶħʿʵ̫ˡûܹܡ
УѾû±߽ݻ١
ʱӦѾˣħкܴһʵѾʯĵĻ̻̣԰ʳǸţʵ𡣸ýһƻˡ
ڶħ򣬴ػУ߸ĲʿУŸ鱨зƶӦļƻ̽ǰͶŹʯһδεɱ붯ҡ˵ÿһȥĶǳǧ䡣
ÿһմȾ޾Ѫȡ
Ȼ˵Щǵˣڵˣ伫úʱҪġ
ţѾ²߸Ȼܸ󡣶ħңԽһһΣҪöħһҹ졣һμƻΪսۡ
ڼһĨ֮ɫƻ߸ơ󲿷Ǻ󷽻оʱ׼֧ԮһʼҪֱӶǬκء
Ҫ˳ɣԿԳΪʷϣǧŵľսۡԶǡ
ģһУѾ׼׵ţѾЭɣʱ׼С
ѾȫָλáʱԶ֡
ͨУţʱ׼ѾԴ
˵ѶϢֻҪʱһ˵ͽʱ׼ǰָ򡣡
һʿڼǰڻ㱨еһж׼ãֻһ£ͿԷ
ţǰ죬ʱΪǡǻҪȣȵҹ賿֮ʱ֣óɹʱ⡣Ҫģһʧ
ڼ̧ۿɫ˵
ÿҪоҪܳסġΣңѣӰ졣

ҹܲ
ϺƲ㽫¹ڵסһҹžЩ˺¡
ҹɫ֪УѾҹʱֿħУȻЩںҹԣضһ԰ĻС
˭ûз֣˿̣һ죬½ϡϢĳһӰЩӰԸֶΣÿһϵϢ·ܱߵĻȻںһҪǲϸۿֱΪǾܱȻһ֡ûκ
ЩӰˣ鲼ħ
ϸۿĻͻ֣ᷢ໥ľ룬ǼǧǾ룬ͳһͬѾõһɽɽȣƽԭͬͬ
һΣƺĬĬȴʲô


1947 ս
֪УѾҹʱ֡߸УڼգһȻ˵ʱѵսۣʽʼжаӣȫ
ʼˡ
ʱ䵽ˡ
ħעҴʥͥģգսһеʱ̡
ڰеһӰҲӵ֪ʱѾˣһҲûгɣйâһȻܿгһᣬЩȻǵҹսϣɱʥӺ󣬶ȡĶħЩУ̺һССĶ硣
ھ칤¼аϴħħԣգָΪĶռ䡣ңķָõʮᣬȡΪ졣ֱ̺һ죬ңⶴ죬ܹġһ̣ÿһжС
סʱּ䣬ȻԿâһһɳϢѾǰŴȥʱһľͳͳ飬ֱӱɳѹ塣ȻɳǺȻеѾʼܱߵɳǲǣ۶
̣С
Ȼ𶯣ȴʼάһΧ֮ڡ
һ

ʮ
ǧ

գۼ䣬ǳǧɳͬʱ֣ڶħ֮ڣǹµǴŸĵ죬һ˲䣬ƽðһɳǡЩɳܿͨɳǣѾɳǣνǼĴڡ޴һ֣ȻȻĻ۵С˲ųƻ
һööܣɳڣƻͨ硣
еҫķһںڰųһÿǧһͬɳǡ
ɳУܿͽ̤ϳǽܹ˸һ˿˿âڴ
Ǵµͽˣȫµս
ͽеź
̤ϳǽڳǽϣȫµĻѾδҪʮĵطǾͲ뿪ˣ˭뿪ɳ֮Ǵ
ǴǶˡ
շĵϵĺһмᶨ˭뿪ǶԥóԼȨά׵񣬴ηκս
һɲ֮䡣ħУܿһɳѾðЩɳǣֱӳڶħԭȳǳصıԵôƾðںҹУͬ
ʳĻʳǣ⣬һɳǳ֣ڳֵһɲǣʳ֮·ܵĳƣܵһֿµشͻȻ䱻̵һһҪôôĸо
һ·аÿһɳг𣬺ʳϣʱԵʮǷϰһ˵ĸо
ۣ
ʳڣʹУʱһѩ׵Ů˯ͻȻſھһѪ¶Ƿϣ־塣
ãܵش˲ȣô¡
о֣͵촫ǡ
ϣʳ֮⣬һİ޳ǡеƻͨ硣
ʳڣִİ޳ǣÿһͻȻ֣ÿǧһ鲼ȫʳѾ޳ռˡ
ˣϣ˲ȣȺɻʡСִ˽ʳɱ
һϢһʱ䴫ݵʹС
ʳãó֣ڴ˿̣൱ķӦȻҪ£ûκηӦĻʳûдڵıҪˡΨһĽ
УܿʳڵɳУһ𣬻ΪһɣʮɴСĽգʳϿգΧצɱĽгǧȫǶצһΧԣȻСȴƷʼߣǿɱǿƥ
һצȥܴצ˺һ⡣Ȼ󣬴̳ȥͺһޱζɿڵʳһǻ棬̫£̫ˡһʳ˶顣
ôЩ޳ǴģʲôˣȻôʳ
ȫͱȡ
Ҫ
ɫ˻ʥͥˣؼ䣬ܴﵽʥͥ˳ֻдףǶħٽףǴڶǶħˡһҹ֮䣬ǧɳͬʱڶħУÿµĲֶ֡ΣϢܴ˶ɳǣɳͬһ£ڲǿƿɻʡҳˡҪһΪ˽죬Բֻ׼һ졣Ԥı
䣬ȻԿ߳ڻʹС
ɫͬĳۡ
ֱǺϣϣϣϣϡÿһλɢϢʮǿ󣬲龳Ϊʳĵ̼ڣǣǾȨܿʣʵȨҲʳ֮Կſԭ֮һûڣʳ޷ѹƺġ
˿̣ͻȻ䷢ı仯ǣҲ¶һޱ֮ɫ൱ѿ
ףֻдʥͥ˾˵Ĵֱʡ
ңκأһ֣Ҫʳˣ˱ûҲûһ֣̫Ҳ̫ˡ
ϣǸô죬ףǴ׳ˣʳǳˡ
Ǿ͸ӵоһ־ĵɢӡ
ݻЩɳǣܱ˸ԻѹֻҪʳɴڣû򣬲ҲҪ
һȻ˵
ʳк½ֻ뺣ȣ½սȻǿġǿһ֧ţΪţһǧǾеľս൱񱩡һ£ǲģ˿̣Ѿ˲òʱٲǾˡ
ǰɳǣʳǰǣǾͿûʵ֧š
һĿǰԶɳǡûκγɣͻȻ䣬ǰһ֡ʱһ⸡֣֮Ȼܿϣľϣ˲ֱ⣬ĹУһϢֱƻḶ́ǽ⣬ҲѾˡ
ҫʵͣ
ӵеĶħʵеǱ̺֮ͬһֶصҫ֮γɶصıҫ֮뺮ıҪӿ¡꣬ڶħʵĿãѾﵽ˼ĵز


1948 а
һ֣һֻصĿܡһǱͣչֳȫﵽ龳ĲΣУݳһֹԣͨ飬Աʮ࣬ĥͨеԣǾͱֵͨסƻ
ϵʵһ֣˲ǧǧ֮ڣݲٶȷɿ죬գۼ䣬Ѿɳ⡣
ɳΪƳǡ˵Ƴڵλã˵оֻƵľ󣬵ǿɳеһɫܶװնǰۿ澰ֻǣǨƳƵ澰ֻǿˣȴʼձһּҲһĴС
ڱӵƳʱֻƳǳգӡһϺȣػ
¼䣬ǽϣķĲ˸һɫţ֯һ𣬻Ϊһ޴Ľ磬ɳڣһ˿϶ûС
۾ܸܵػɢĺϢںһɳǺػҲ˲һ̨סνŸԵɱ䡣רΪڵػ磬ɳǣ۴龳ǿߣҲ赲һ
ȻҪӲ龳ܹƽ硣ֻҪ״ݻ٣ƿҲѸټȡ֮ٻָľǿػ֮
ƣ
ڽ翪ɫٿһʱֻڳڣһϺţͿһƬɫĻƾո֣һַ־˲⣬һֻյľơɽ̬Ƭɫ֮ϡ
¡¡
VSơ
߾ıڽ棬ͨеԣ̺⡣ײʱҵĽ棬һҪһҪ¡߶ǿޱȡ⣬߶һֽԡײһ𣬾ǿһǿ˭ĥ˭
ײһγһ澰һƬʧɫҹҲųһɫʡƬ̺󣬾俴ƿʼɢСĥ𡣵ȻҲʼðȻ󲿷Ҳĵ໥䣬ĥ
ɢƽϣܿһڽϣƺҪ綼һ⣬ֻǣص֮ûкϮת£顣ϱػû飬ɢŨ⡣һǿҵİȫС
Ļơ˭
ĿãͫһչֳȻûдﵽ龳ȴﵽ񾳲Σ龳ֻҲѾ̫ԶĴڣκεط˵һ𶥼ǿߡ
ʱߵһΣǵС
ڴ˿̣ǽϣȻܿһɫ۵̤ǰͷûͷȴͷʮ־ɫôվܸܵһаųۣȴ̤һ˫ϡ
ֻ۾һ˿аĿʳǣ˵ͨ󹩷а񡣡
аǵģǻа
ںܶǰаѾףͨУΪһ׹ֻҪڱҪʱȡ񣬻ȡѫӵиԴΪߵͣõߵĵλƷɵ͵ߣΪƷһƷй涨ġ
ҪΪƷΪҪ󣬾ƷҪ񺣾ƷӦϾƷͼƷ࣬ƷԪƷƷ飬Ʒ̨һƷ֤
ȻΪΨһԪǿߣոռͨǾƷҪҪȡѫȡ񣬹ѫﵽƷ׾ܻܽȡӦ˼ӳ֣жӦԴȵȡǲεĲͬĲࡣ
аЩ½ȡ񣬻ȡѫΪƷ׶ԵȣѾͨƷܴƷλ˼ӳ֡־˵ٶȣиʩڣӿ١
Ĺͬ򵥣Ϊ񹦡һ£۳ö̫գɷͼѲͼǰԵȫ£δز龳һս
һΣħսۣǵͨ󣬴ͨ󹩷ֱǰɳǣɳǡΪľǿͻϮǿдݻɳǣǵĴڣҪЩǿߡ𵽶á
ػڣʵǣֻҪĥ󲿷ʣƲػ磬Ȼάɳǰȡ
ƳǣɱأƳǡ
аЦ˵ҴʦǰʳԹԸ׳翹ͽ޹ѣȡ֮ҪôҪô
쵰Ϊܵסǡ
ɫķŭ
ڡڣ
аȻ˵
ڣڣʥࡣ
սսս
ɳУͬʱźڳڣǴװÿһֿһߵ죬װգԸվԸɳǵļңǴ׵
Ҫǳܸʲô
ͻȻ䣬ʷһ
ۼϷĹûƿƳǵķħУضǴɳǣһȵԼ𣬴׵Ȼ֮ɳΪټϺԴԴϵĴ׾ǰЩȫκϣ
ȫδܱס
ѡ񳼷˵ıȡ뱲ӵĸˡϾݣһǴ׾Բ̫һ˲⣬ǧǣǵĽҲǶԺߵһҪñңȥԺڴǰ˭Ͷ˭Ҹ׳Ƴ
ѡжһϣ
ʳڿѾ޷ˡ佩ȥΪ룬ȡԼٻ
ϣ㡭
ɫһ䣬ʵĿдһ˿ŭҪһˡȫûпǵ
λϣ²ΪʶʱΪܡԴ׵ĵ̣ǸǶ֡ҲͽͣɳѾħȫռݡѾ׳ȥ⣬ôܻᱻ³ڳܱ֤ٻ󡣡
ɫ˵
ߣ
ɫ΢䣬Ҳɱ֣ûڣݻ˳֮ϻҵһɱ˷ɣҵ˭ù൱µ顣
ң˵ģδزһѡʳУͬȨٻܻţ˭ԸȥȻд׵Ҫһ㡣
ǰһжȻ
»ܿһռݵƣڣȴ״ƽ⣬һжûлˡٷҲֻһЩ鷳ѡҲ˴֡


1949 Ʒ
Ҫ˵̫ˣǱǼܿյĿܣȨ󲿷ֶУһ壬˳ҵңԸϣҲ̰ͼ֣ŮɫҪʲôǣֻ̫ˣǶӲҪ˵ʡĲʵĽ顣ǰ¾ģЩôˡ
ңͶϣҪռ棬ڴǰӡ󣬽ñ֤Լĸٻ飬ֻǵõһ˭ܼǵõڶ
οǴĴһء
Ҵ׹Ȼ飬Ϳ˷ȻҼ׵ľûдģҪǼףӵдԴôܻнΪ磬Ҫֻ»ҪʮꡣǱ˳С
а񿴵ǵı飬һ˳֮λΪѾﵽ龳εĶǿߣκһλƽʱǸ߸ϵ˭ܿ̽ġ
ڣԼȴҪκα΢顣ƽ̬ԴǣԼݵλǸߡ
һȺΪ֮ˣǳδҲֻǸˡ
ܱȵĲԼиķչռ䡣
УֻҪвܣĿռСͰ˭ȥ˵ĵط
ͨЩ꣬յǿ߿ɲܶ඼ԭȵĽʿ콾ں£ԵһȻͿԳ˷ΪģҲ׷׳ظɳǡжǿԻȡѫġѫڴ׵;̫ˡ
νǾԵӲͨ
аԸ齵׻ʲôĴ
ûѡӲǻӽһɳǾܿ׵ĵ̵жǿڹ˶ҪˣѡʵѾǰǰҲѾͶϵʵҪǣͶϺܵõʲôĴ
뼸λд¹飬ԴΪݽʥξϣҪʥϡ
ƳǳǰһȻ˵
¹Ĵ£Ȼ˭ϵģȷģ򣬾Խ˭޷еġ
д¹飬ΰţһʥ֮
аҲ˵
ɲԽǻа񣬱Դһ˿аԣôһԽ׷Ĳǡ
ǣǣд¹飬ɱʺһӡͶ
ʺԥĴӦ
˵ʵڣڵÿһÿһ붼Ǽ尾ֲ֧סͶǰͱ˺Ͷ϶û壬ʧȥһõ롣ǾͲˡ
ܿ죬ѾдϣңӡͬҲǩһѺʹʳĸ־ûκ˿Էԡ
ȥʳڣ˲׼ԴɳǷ𹥻׼ֹʻڵһʱ´Ǻؼʱ̣Ūʲô۶ӣĻӰٻ
ƳǳⷬҲ⣬ӹȥԴֱӴͻȥ
ܿ죬ͳǰ
֪еУжϣܣ˶СһΣǹħ򣬱ϾǹغһĴ£ȻûпᣬҲ֪еоۺϡԱڷ󣬵һʱ֪һʱԲߣһʱӦԵȵȡ
򿪹飬ۿЦЦ˵ħʳ飬ҪҴףʳУһаճǳأȫҴ֮ڣɡλΪΣ˵һ˵һ顣
ʵ˼˳֮Ϊ˵̰ԣ˵ʶʱҲС֮֮ܶţκζ棬ҪĸҪ
ʥҴԶ߸ıԶһҹ֮䣬öħ죬ɳǱ鲼ʳˣԱȻĽ֣ǲòѡ񡣰˵ԲͶϣǴף㹻ʵֻ࣬ǻỨһЩʱ䣬ǳһЩѡ
ǰһ˵ȻԸٹǲܣǱȻԽӰ죬ҪͶߣȻĴǣҴҲǲͶϣΪṩͬǧǣȻӦƼʱ򣬿ԽʡܲκδۣշҴװͼӰ
Ǻ£Ϊ߿Ⱥӡ
ͶϿԽܣøʲôĴҪϸ֣ϾͶ֮Ĵ̫Ҵа̫Ҵ׹鲻ϡӦС
УҲСκһ൱⡣
ʥ΢ãҴ׿þλƶȡ뷷⡣Ծλ֮оλְλʵҲ˵ĹȥڣһˡʵûκȨֻһ塣
ؿ˵
Ͷʵְ˳֮ʵȨԻ൱Ӱ죬Ӧе˼ǲеģֲܸĴ̫Ҫϸδزһֺõѡ
ţȷʵһѡ񡣡
׵ͷһð취ݻԹķƶȣɷΪ򣬲ӣסڷⲻǼ򵥾ܷģߣлѪǻӻſɷҪ˵е⡣һ£ǲܴڵġ
ֻݣλδһõ
ݡӡƪһλһλһλһλͬһλҲһλһλһλʿһλʿһλʿһλȡ֮ƣطǧ԰ʮʮĵȡʮӣԻӹ֮ܵӺܵӲԪʿܵС
ǷĻλΪøʲôĴηֽס
ٴ˵
Ҫܴ˵ģ˵ĶѣǶһ൱⣬ͶϣҲƽ޹ʣԶڴϼȡ֣ȡ˼ӳ֡΢Ϊ·ҲҪֽףҪݼһ̶ȣȻ汲ľԶ񡣡ǰһ˵δҴ׹ˣǣЩߣϮʱ䣬ǣоƷơ
Ŷ˵ȥΪƷơ
Ȥѯʵ
дһ˿Ȥζ
ƷƷйλϵ֮ڡ磬оΪƷɵ͵ΪƷоƷоһƷоһƷо֮ϣΪӾƷӾĲͬˡ
ڿǰȻѾƵ׼̸ǽҲǴϵݼһƷоһоʱɶƷоһƷֱľƷٳΪ񡣲λϮʱӳҲǶͶߵһֽ
һƶȣӵϸֻ


1950 
Ҫ֪ƶһǿ϶ֻǷЩͶߵϣд׾Աͬ÷Ļᡣ̫࣬ڴ׵Ĺ˻ܶ࣬ԽһĿơôױ̫صĸҪǣλǲϵݼģûնΪҪԶά־λֻвϵΪѫ
ȺҲ˸˿˿ɫκ˵һ൱ջ󣬱Ͼһݵ
΢飬˾ٿ֮ġ־ߣԴ˲Ȥ׹أøɣ߽Է֮ģżĺô
ƳҲǿͬ
ֻҪõľλЩ𺦲˴Ĺ档
ʥ΢ΪоƶȣӦ׾ƷƻɳǻңӦ֣档ˣ񣬷һùߡ
ǰһڽԵ
Բ飬ЩҲְ𣬸ԸΪȷʵûйһְλ
λλɻ
飡
飡
ȺҲǷ׷׿ͬ
λΪǴ׵ĸߡǲܺġ
ηα棬άִ׸Ҫġ
һʱ䣬Ⱥ㼺ڷƶȶʼԼһЩ飬ȴ˿ܿ죬ľͳǰȴϡ
ܺá
׵ͷȺ˵ʥ飬ڷ⣬һµҲɳ֮Ϊ񣬷񡣴˰ڷλΪӣλǵۻѪ뷷⣬£뷷ʩоƷƣأλʮϮһΡÿʮ꣬λ봫С޳оߣн񣬵񡣡
ԣʮ䣬ʮ꣬һˣ涨ʱޣΪߣһԸ⣬ǧ궼λԶڣԶڴѪ⡣ǲ̵ġ涨ޣõһֻʱȷƶʱõȥҪȻκʱ򶼻
ڶ£ƣɺûܹı䣬ߣҲճΪһֹ涨һִУһϰߡе֪оƶȡ
ʮ꣬࣬Ҳ٣ǸոպáһλҪһƷȫԳϮʮꡣʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ڹŴУһδٶĹ
ˣΪƷһƷƷƷӾƷоƷλ֮ڣٷ־Ʒ
м˵
ʥͥλˡ
ʥͥλˡ
˳ٰ֮ʮ˱
{ۺ}һʮ
{}һʮ˱
һƷһʮıٶȡ
Ʒһٶʮ˱
Ʒһһʮ
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮı
Ʒʮ˱
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮ
ʩеһλƶȡ֮ͬλֻ뷷ӵеۻѪĻӹкеĵۺܴͳ˼ӳ֡ҪҲλǷеλһѾһƷ̫࣬һֻ൱ڷλ
еˣ˵ͬҲǣʥͥе˼ӳΪһʮ˱һʮıһٶʮ˱һһʮӾʮоʮ
Ȼ󣬾λ־ƷһƷоʮƷʮƷʮıƷʮƷʮ˱ƷʮƷʮƷʮıƷʮ
ƷݼǰֵݼоˣӾţʮһʮʮģʮߡ
оλλλߣԾλΪ׼λߣ˼ӳԹλΪ׼޹λоλ߿ܷˡ
ߣԹѫȡλ
׾нʿԹѫȡλȡ˼ӳ֣֮λǾ÷÷⹫÷ͶߣݵλߣֻɷⲮߣɻȡӦٺ»ͬʱйλλɵ˫ٺ»
л˵յľ顣
˲ɵӣٺ»ԡ
ЩȺҲ۾һ˲ܵǿ϶ģٺ»ҲǲġԴȺĹѫҪһλǲǺܼ򵥵飬˵ͨľλûġҲԸһ¼˺δһ¡
ʥӢʥʴȡ
Ⱥ
ڴĺ£ܼǿȻٺò
λ䣬ȻѾȷ·ƶȣҪ뷷⣬ھóһ³̣ĻҲöħٶȰȹɡ
Ц˵
ڵ֮ǽȷ
΢֮ǧȻ̫Сܷ⣬ǾԲ֮λ뷷⡣ʿ뷷һƷǿ뷷ƷһҲչֳҴ׵ȣͬҲ˳ƽƴȥ˶Ҵ׵Ŀݴȡ
ٴǰ˵
֮λҲǶľλϣһ㶼ݡڸǶƷҲıġ
ܺãǾ뷷Ⲯɡˡ
׵ͷ漴ʥּȺڴУ򷵻غ׼пвٵĶϣ챦߲˿дɣеõĶϣ߲˿ϵȲϡвϣҪǺѡ׵ĹˣЩ¡
ƣٶȲûãѾɣ빦У̽ڣ

Щ˵ʵ򣬹ȥʱ䲢ʱѡ
⼸ʱ˵ȴһļ尾ֵȴֶδ޷ѿصĸоңһʱȥɫѾʼ¶ףնѾ峿
ˢ
Ȼ䣬Уһ߲ʺ⻮Ƴգź⣬ٲȻʥּѾڻƳϿա
ʥּ
˵
μʹӭʥʥּ
а񣬻Ƴǳ׷׹һ
ǶɰȻ΢΢һЩ֪Ǿ˵ʱ̡
ʥּʳ֮壬°ռ࣬Ϊ⵶֮ԸٹףΪ񣬴˾٣й°գش뷷ΪһƷܴ׾˼ɳоա뷷Ϊ׶Ʒܴ׾˼ﴫУϮամˣ
չʥּһһ䣬ʥּ֮ħ򡣴һεϣ·ĸܵ۵ѹ񶼱塣
ʥּʱһεȻĴʥּˣڤڤ״׾λѶϢ֪λڴУܹܵľ˴ﵽʲôΡ


1951  
ƷƣһƷһһʮ˼ӳ֡ڵĻʳ֮˼ӳֻҪǿʥͥʥͥĵôֱ̫ǿˣĻһҲûʲôԡоκˣȻ֪ʥͥʳǲͬĲΣܵʱ̲ס𾪡
ʳ֮ˣҲʮѡڴһ֮λһһʮ˼ӳֱ֣ǳ˷ָ˳ȴܵõ˴ôһҲûʲôԡ
Ȼÿʮ꣬ͻήһΡԽλȥҲԼռݾλֻǾ˻½λ½һƷƷɶƷһһľ˼ӳ֡ƷʱȻֻжʮıľ˼ӳ֣½ӲӾʱһƷӾоʮ˼ӳ֡
˼ӳˡ
ݵõѶϢ׾λƾ蹦ѫֻҪгĹѫȫþλǱֲĵزֻҪ㲻иǽܵʱľ˼ӳ֡
ֻҪײ𣬾λûеΪڴУʼڹײ㣬һȫû⣬зٺ»ٺ»ÿλǲͬģٺ»൱ɹ۵ġ
һƷٺ»һʮöϵһǧԴҩɡҪκ飬ȫһ˵
ӾһƷӾٺ»һһöϵٽԴҩɡֻҪּеһ帻ȥ
Ȼٺ»ֻС¡
дûнôһǮƷ۵ףҶǴ׷еģҪ٣ֻһ⣬ԴҲǴģ׵֣ڴУѾγɹģ׵ƷѾʮϰֱ֡ƽ֣Ũ£ߡڴУͨռͥ壬ҲܹһΪʳ
ףвɻȱ
ܶʿֻҪпܣÿͶס
뷷⣬Ҳ𾪣ڶƷĴҲûκ飬Ͼӵе˼ӳֻҪ࣬ȻִߵȨڶԣһֺܺõĽδлᣬδز𣬴֮УûֻҪʵ㹻һжпܡ
лʥ뷷⣬Ȱл
ͬʱʥּƳڵλңңݡ

ʷݵ˲䣬Уʳͷһʼɢͬʱܻ˽ѾХֱӽʳɡ
ͬʱһצƿնС˽СצͣѸٱ󣬿šѾܹצͣﵽһǧ˰ɵľء
ʥͥɻʳˣҲһٴ͡ħ򳹵ƿغӦܹǧɵĲΡ
ʵɫò԰࣬ϢԵЩǷϣ֮ģһɸǿ˴
צ߮Ϸ·ѲԼµ
ʱһ߲һ޴İ񵥳צצ£߸ҡ
ϸ֡񣡣
ͬʱڰϸֳ֡
ҫ̣һƷһһʮ
ϣƷһһ
ϣƷ
ϣƷ
ϣƷ
ϣƷ
ڸֳֵͬʱУһȻȻĴҲȡһ˿飬ڷӡǡӴԺɣֻҪڷϣͲ𣬽ֻתĻᡣĿܡܹѡĻᡣ
˼ӳ£ǼûΪʳıܵӰ죬ܵطø׽ʥͥ˵ǿʥͥΧڣˮ
Ǵʥͥķһǿ̫ǿˡˣѾԽʳˡ
ݷдݳѶϢֻҪڴ¹ѫԭֻ񣬶лỻȡλ˼ӳ֣¾ϷǷ
ôǣǸ°նнĿܡʥʥǼףȻҲӵкõĽ׶սʵ̫ˡ
ħУǸʿԴ׽еһ𾪣Ƿ񣬲û̫żֻҪйѫͨ˶ܷζţ˭лӵоλ㹻˽׹ٳҲûпܡǸһͨ
˿ǰϣ
úܶˣʶףδһֺõĽ
ңħУຣҲʼ˼ԼδôħУ½أɳռݡʱƣֻ£ͳԽԽǿԽԽٹ̡ŵĴڣ˵㣬ǺԴӶᣬӸ죬½Ӷᡣ
һħУ½ضУǺʣӶᣬǼ죬ֿ֮֡ԣֻҪһ룬;ÿ¡
ѶšǰۻԲߡ
׺ӿգɫص˵
ڶԣѾܹܵһεǼڶħϿγɡʳּͱøһͳħѾǲ赲ǣѾΪһּȶʵ
ЩѾҪʼ׼ѡδ
񣬴Ѫǻûʽħ֣Ҫ뿪лᡣھͿʲô˼
ߣҪߡ
Ҫô
Щ¹شţϸ飬ǾԲеġ
һħѾ֮ҴףһǴġڼ̧ۿգŷһԵֵġɢˣҪֵףѾǲܵ¡ȴջġ
һȻɽ㰲ȡ
޿ɺ
ϲ˴ζħܹһͳռҪãѫպգȵȥȻƾ˹ңܻøλҲ׾١
Цڼص
ʣĴڣڴȺ˵ҲһּλҲһϵпܵ£һλ˭ᷴԡ
Ҫ֪ıȡһĹѫǰվġ
ɷ
ֻϣܿҴԽԽãԽԽǿֻǸոտʼѡڼȻһЦ
ʳڽ뷷󣬷׷׿ʼϴףշԭȵ˿ڵͳƣ¿ʼžס֮أǨ˿ڣ׾ʼɳǣʳԭȵĳǳأǺԥĴݻ٣ǰߡЩרŵķˮʦжš
УຣȻڵѾ仯ٲǵʳʱе飬ӲܹġһֱǶͻȻСһ
Уڳһټϡ


1952 ˳뿪
ƬһƬ⺣ܱߵԪʮֻҶ䣬нʯк޹ɵУʱľ͵ҵķ籩ХϯһĴֻƬ򣬾ͻᱻ飬ճ뺣ףڶħУҲһĴڣбغ塣˵Ƭһϣ̺ž˵ıأ˵ĲƸΪ䣬ܶຣ彫ҵıڵϣһҵһҹ
ȻȷʵбءҲȷʵ֮Ϊص׺ҵıؾرصĵطҲ˵ǰ׺ӵһܻأ˰׺⣬˶֪İȫߣֻС
죬ȴһ֧֧ӽƬغ֮ڣűصȥ
ЩȫǶħкպĺšǰ֪˻ŷɥߵǶ棬ֺģȴܿЩϵĺǣѾ棬һĿ¶ãȻϴһ
仯ʵ̫ˡ
˭õһҹ֮䣬ħ죬ôˡ
ԭȵʳȡһǻʳһʥͥȫǽȻָͬຣſԴ׵սۣܹᵽ׵ǿ֮ǿĴͬʱԴ׷𹥻ȴ˿ûкףʧأʥͥƻɱħ
һս𺳣Ϊֹûɢ
׿ɲʳȺֻ̰ͼֵļһսǲҪģװƴսƴ̸ӲҪƴڴռݶħ򣬱ӶΪĺǣһãȻ֮СδãȻǰĵ·δߡ
Լֻʲô
ЩЩҪȥ飬һӳԺУѹ֪
һΣ׺ӷ뺯ӵĺţ׷ѡǰ뺯кͼ԰ȫĽغ壬ң׺ںеǶģûж˿ͬһģʱ̣Ǹһ£ȻӦƼԴԴϵĺ˷۶
ǰ׺ںе
ֻƬҵĺ룬Ȼһ졣
ҲֻзԲǧС˵ֻСѡܿµķ˷籩޷죬ܵİһصȻƽϢ
ܣܿһսƼ̤ϵ졣
ڵϣһĽһҾ޴ĳҳ֪ʲôطȻڵϣһصĽԾס¡ԳԺ֣ɼȫ⣬˿ڻ¡
棬ɳ̲ϵȼ𣬲̴ʣҰζںȾƣڳ⡣ֻǣΧʼնϲȥϾв£ҪҲİ
ڡ
һ޴ĴСһų켶ΪߣȻܿǰ׺ӡֱӴ𵶵Ķλá
Ȼܿĺų
췢ų˹ںӺųЪD棬ͻųСͻųų̹˺ųɮţɮڶȵȡһãһȴԵüΪĬ
׺̧ۻˣһʱѾˣҪģӦѾĲˡεĻʽʼɣݾǹڶħǸŸúȥδӡ
ȵȣðӦòλɡ
ʱſڴһдϡ
ֻſ߽Ӱ
תۿȥʱ̲סһ
޽ܡ
첮ˡ·ƶ¡
λǺеĴ漶ÿһдԣ޽ܣǿһʱУϵĺ֮ߣڰ׺֮£Ǹߡ첮ͬһǿߡӵʵԻΪѪʮֿ£һǲ
λÿһʵ֮ǿδڰ׺֮£˿̳֣Ȼ䶯
λȻòһ£һ½
׺ӿ޽ǵҲ΢Цŵͷλ鱾Ϊı·ĸԽԽáûʲôüġ
ţ׺ӣ֣˵ȥ
޽Ц˵û׼
ţѾռħ򣬵½ص֮ϣдɳǴڣЩɳǣÿһǣаڶ࣬ˣд׾ӣʱܹ֣ÿɳǶд󣬵ǲޱȡҪɳǣʮѡǺǰǰӶᣬѾǲܵ顣
ʳѾףȡٻ󡣺ӦҲףǴɲңھǺˡǺãǳףԴʥȣӦò¡ԳΪͨգҲԼ׾У˵ܳƸ󺣡׷شҶӦѾˡֻѡҪôߣ뿪ħҪôڴʥͥѡڴսȥڴʲô뷨˵һ˵ɡ
׺һڵ˵һ飬ЩҪ˵Ҷ
û˻ѡܻţ˭
ҪôߣҪôѡҲҪ˵ߺ룬ߣǶģҪǾһ룬ڴеķ˵ܸߣٲᱻῴҪ뿪һ뿪;ʲôΣգͬǿ໥֣֧ȥ
ŽᣬǺܺõĽʽ
Ͷϣܽ𡣱ϾǿǺ
Сͻ΢΢ü˵
ǲܣǿȥͶѰ·
ʱҪӶ
λģҴʣĽߣ㲻ɣҲɱգһŵֻҪԸҴߣҴףԳ۶ԴǲԸ룬Ҫ뿪ħߣҴҲӦʱڣֱȥ׾Уǳ֪ܷ֡λĹǡ
ʱֻһˬʵЦſڴ
˭
ǿ߷׷תͷȥ
ֻſڣȻܿһɫ۵ʿ֪ʱѾ˽󣬸Ӱһλбһսһϱս˽վͷ·ܿ񽣣ķн⵶·â
߲Ǳˣ߸ڼ
ߵλֱǸѩơ
˴߸ڼ˵оۻᣬǰմ֣֪λǷӭ
ڼЦ˵
Цдһ˿׺͡
ڼĽܣຣǿ߶ǰһôû뵽صľۻᣬô֪߸ĸ߲ǰζʲôζţֻǵ٣ڴУͲʲôܡ


1953 ħһͳ
𾪣һ̣˭˵ʲôҲ˵ʲôƬ죬Ѿڴ׵졣û˭Ҷ֣Ҫڼ˵һ룬ȴǵľǾ仰ܻţ˭򲻵ѣû˻߼ˡ
׺Ȼȼڼҵ뱦ص·ߣЦ˵һȺ֮ľۻᣬд߸ǰ֤Ȼٺòӭӭ֮

¼䣬˰һѴӣͰڷһߣλãһ㶼͡
ҿ⣬ĳ˴ǰֻ֤ѡ
ڼЦǺǵ˵һݡ
ɾվںܶ˵һּѹΪڼģǸˣʥͥ壬ȻǽȻͬġ
׺һٴ˵һΣ߸ҲңѾ̬ڣǴҿԷı̬ȿʼҰ׺Ӻ׼£סܴζԴħǲ׼뿪˺󣬻뿪
Уһ˿ᶨʲô˭ͳΣǽᷢʲô뿪
׺ӵģҴʣļ룬ȻﾡãӦݵλ̨ܸʱͻῴӲһķ羰
ڼЦ˵ڰ׺ӵѡ϶Ͽɡ
ͬǴŴ״ݳѶϢ
ǶȺһһͬʣֻҪļףվһϯ֮أܻȡ̨Ӳδ
ڼĳŵຣųжڼ׶ŵĻȻʵŵģļ̣ףδزһϺõѡ񡣲˭Ը뿪磬ǰδ֪
Ը¡
Ҳֱ̬
׵ĵ̣׵δܷǾͼС
ѡ뿪ҸڵɣǺ롣
Сͻ˵
ѡ뿪ûҪסȻ˸־κѡпܡ˶һǿѹƣǺ¡ԴˣڼҲû˵ʲôֻ׵ͷ
Ҳѡ뿪
ųҲ˵
ѡ¡
췢˹˵

мڼ֤ȻҲ׷Լı̬Ȼд׵壬ຣУв¶֮һĺѡ뿪ѾϰڣӶƸԴϲǴڳ⣬ںȾƣϵķʣѾ뵽ÿһѪС׾ҪܵԼ
ͷ鲼ҪǷһץסǿ϶ҪɷƲá㲻ֱǼĸоô붼ѽܡԸǰǰҲãҲãֻԸڡ
뷨ĺǣɲ
ôõĺ׷ѰǴ̼Ǳأδ֪̽ˣ˵˵ͽˣ׷󱦲أȡƸȽʺҡ
޽ͻȻ˵
ΪȴѾ˵һҲףڴ׾ʲôףҪڴеһͨգΪͽˣδزһõѡȤˣͳѰұأޣûȤڼѼʲôģƽ
ҹԣƽƽ档
ȻҴ׻ӭκ壬κ־֮ʿ˵κ˶ԣҲԼţ޽ܵһΪһΰͽˡ
ڼЦ˵
˵ͨ󣬽УɳΪ׹֪ܼܲͨ󡣡첮ȻһЦҲ׼δдƽ̨л룬Ǿʧܶ飬Ǽ൱ס
ͨֻҪͨ飬һ֮ԳΪͨ󹩷ʵУ⡣ڼҲͷ˵
ʱ뿪ģѾֱվöӡ
ѡ뿪ģж֮һȥĺֻ²ǧ֮ࡣ
ȥѰǺµѰѰǵΰ·ǰ
ڸۿڣ׼뿪ĺѾǴһ£˷ˣŶħ֮ʻȥ
ѡ׵ĺвǧ֮ࡣ⻹һ֡дڸֻҪǸһȻӦƼЩȫȼףΪ񣬲УĥĥڵķȻ׵ԤƶȶЧ󣬻ҪУԤ۵񣬽һĥһϸĴװա
ʱ򣬲ǽУ䣬˵߳ΪͨգԼԸ
ڼȫţЩ׺ҲͬΪĴ
ˣħڲƿ֮ڡֻҪ£ûκԵ߸ԶħͳΡսۣǳԲˡ
ڼȻһЦ
½£Щںо޶ǣʤԺ󶼿ԸǣкҪǵȴǵģȻǴ׾ΧƲãǲҪг֣ͽ˾ܹɱ
ܺãѾӵʣֻʣ򣬼ձȺ򡣿ˣѾˣռҲöܱ߽𹥻ˡ
ɳǣʥڡ
не󣬷һߣ̧ۿգڹУѾΪǧɡǾצͱ˴ǡң⻹ֻǸով򣬻иһŴ׵ͳԽԽٹ̺
ȻԴԴϵĻ۶Ϊ֣ǰ澨̺ˣֻ޸֮Ƽ˾ûˣȻ󣬾ǴǿͳΣ⣬ƿؽ˵Ȼȡ֮֮ߡҪϸӪ
˳Ҫڡ
ԭ嫺ǨƳɳѾȫֲȥҪţͱɳˡңôȥֻҪ˶ãһ׾ͻԲһ׵ĵ̶
иһڡ
ͼͼϷˮͼɽͼ׽Խ󣬷֮ͻԽԽǿַ֮ڣϵ۳֮
Ϊ˵ÿʱÿ̶ӡ
ҪͻƣھͿԿһסϵ̨һײ㡣
ʥոպʹѾǰ̽ȷＴ䡣
ʱһŮǰ
ʲôôãã̫ˡ֪ͨȥҪƷҪõģκʧʥҪ׷ס¶һĨЦݡ
ڹУŮѾ󲿷ֶСֻǣʱвͬҲ̲һڹ͢Уӡ


1954 ֮
УںϣطںϱãǺܶܣѡͶ̥ۻ֮ңӣܹһȡʥͥؼ䣬һָĴ֪ٴҪתͶ̥֮С˵ۻ֮ңͨͥҲǲѡ񡣹ŮΪŮδǼܵڻʱǿ̥Դ̡̥ҩǳġ
ҩ˼㾭ڣΪŮ²ԴķӣǿԴͬʱҲڲϼӳ̥ͨʮ»̥ȫڹʧȥá
ȻҲ˳Ȼ
ȵ̥ԴѾﵽ޿ĵزͻȻ䣬ѡ
ܽڻʱ䲻̣ƣ磬īѩʱ͸屾Ƕ塣Դǿ󣬺̥ܶҪŻᵮȻڴУδҪôʱ䡣
٣ڰǻûзļ
ңҲ뵰֮ڵģ̥Ӥһ̥мȡ֣ǿ׳ԴкԴȻʱ䲻̣Ҳ̫ʱȻܷԣŮľʱ䣬㲻ġʱпܡ
һΣܽڷ䣬Ȼ̥ѾȡԴ
첽ǰߣߣһ䣬Ѿܽڵľ˼Сܿʱľ˼ʮ֣һŮٰŸҪƷˮëӤİȵȡ
вŮѾִﾲ˼
ܽڷִ£Ȼ󹬡ŮƼһϰλһҲ̬ȣǧһȥӦӲϾٻޡΪһ˶šܿŮû̫๴ĶǡϾǷںУ԰ԼȤȥСмաѵ𣬷󹬣£ֻƴһеȥ裬ȥȡעѡ
ô
пٿѯʵѾһʱˡ
ģԲܽõΪʣĻԲκ⡣οѾ׼ֲȱأܿͻϲѶ
Ц˵
Ҫ֪ʱ乬Ůڴ˵Ǿϲ£ڴͬʱʥڣ׼ýˣȷκʱ򣬶ٶӦټʿʣȻڷĹУĿԾ΢΢
ڹʱ򣬶Ů˵ǿɾһءŮӵڷ;СڹʱܻųӤǾһĪˡ
Ǿͺá
׵ͷ˼ĵļǴڵġѾǺüӵĸףɸĲһ㡣һڴѪ
ھ˼дһʹ
֪֪ﻳкŮҪһܻܵһá֪ʱܿһ߲ʹȹɻߣѯʵ
ܿɻѾˣһò˵Ǽ̳ĸףǶһ˰ڴУճ֮Ϊ׵һŮ֪öΪ֮㵹
ô֪Ӥ̥ʱ֮Σ۶ңǿп̽Ӥã˵ŮһΪһͬʡʲôʱƫĹ
ҡҡͷɻ˵Դ˵
ţкŮһҪһܵˡ
ЦǺǵ˵
֮䲢ûʲôĶǣʥͥпģ˳ͬͨǶǵۻѪûλ澺˴˼ĹϵǺõĺܡֵ֮飬ʮŨ񡣸׼ܶһЩѪ׾졣
˶ְ
һҪĸƽһҪ˳˳ǧҪ⡣ǧҪһ
ص߶һߣڿл૵
쿴ô£ΪʲôͻȻϼ⡣
Ŀա
к׵ӿֳ޾ϼ⡣
ϼӲ·ܿһӲһ֮뾲˼С
Բô¡
Ŀãһ˿ⲻǶᣬҲǴͶ̥ЩǵĻһʱͻ֣ᷢʥеĽҲὫֹ֮һ֮Ķ
ϲʥ˲һ֮⣬Уˣɿ˳ִһĵۻʣʱȻɳнˡոǵ֮뾲˼УڣӦΪӤϴϴһʣȻΪ콾ѾǱȻ
һԣЦŹص
ɫʮƶϴһǧУҲֻһΡҲ˵ڵǧڣٳ֣ϴؼ䣬Գ֮Ϊ֮ӡһʱǡȻʱǣڲпǣУȻ㲻ϣֻһ콾
δŪ
ۣ
ʱֻھ˼дһУܸܵŨϢһֳ
ϲʥϲʥһλʥӡ
˳˵
ϲʥ
빬Ů׷׹ϲ
̫ˣߣǽȥ
ŮҲϲЦտ¶ڴ֮ɫ
߽УȻܿܽѾбһӤӤûƤģԵ쳣Ĺ⻬ɢһ㾧Ө⡣ؿڣһ˸ĸԴƺؿڵһ
ɹǣɹǿͨκѷɫɹǳɳܴ塣οǵһλضһλ콾
жۿȥԵͷʮ⡣ǵõϴ
Ϊȡһְɡ
ܽ¶ĸԵĹԣ˵
ţȻ˶ɹǣɹܿһ˿֮ӦͨйءǾͽײơ΢˵
ײƣ屡죬֮ˡ
ܽڿо׽˼Σ֮ЦлԺӾͽײơ
һ̣ʮ¶ʮһеڰײƳɹǡ콾ӡ
ܵܺÿɰҿԱ𡣡
ɻǰϲõ˵
СǷ׷ǰŪŸոճСơ
ͣ˼̹Ůʹͣ£˻ӳͬ죬аգʮöһһ
Ц˵
ϲ£Ҳװһϲϲ
ķʽɢơ
ѽ
ʱͻȻ䣬Ůдһʹ
Ѿãôˡ
ȷ֣ŮһӰȻǾѾֻһŶӣüͷ΢΢
ƺǿʼ䡣
Աߵžḻȷϵ
ʲôѾҲҪˡ
Ůһȣ֮ϲáҲ΢΢Щ¡ӻҪѽһȲҪô


1955 ı
Ȼ³ͻȻǺԥ˵ǰǾޱһǰǰ׼Ҫʲôʲôȥ׼ûгɣѾܿͱǾޱסĹ
ͬʱţƷһʱ͹ȥŮһھ˼ŲܽڣһǰǾޱ׼ȴµС
ȥѾɡڸҪ飬ûµġ
ܽȻһЦп˵
ţǺãȹȥһٹͺӡ
׵ͷ漴ͷڲܽڶͷһ¡Ȼйâһһöǳֱָ֣ӳײָϣЦЦתȥ
ǾޱŴǾޱ˿̣ǾޱʢڿƮһԡĸоʮС
ǼҪֺܶˡôﶼѾУеʱ䶼࣬Ҫ˶ãʥоҪˡ
Ů׷Ц˵лͣգգ۾һĵģ
Ǻ°ܵöˣź棬ֲǡ
׼Ϊʥ֮ͥ࿪֦ɢҶãҲʮҪ顣
Ѿͷ
Цҡҡͷ
ԼöŮӶ࣬еǳָûȫַȥ
ǳָУԷֻӻֻʮöһȫСǳ󣬻ԷֻʮǧöĴǳһ֮䣬ǿաԣٶ඼£ԽԽáڴﲻܴﵽʱⶫȱ
еʱȥȴ
ǾޱҲʼæµ
һʱ䣬ڴ֮ǵڼοӳǳڴС
쿴ƿն
Զħ򡣡
ûʱͿһƿն֮ǰ֮⣬ֻǣһε֮ⲢԲԸոռͳһûжõĶħ
֮⣬ϴ⺢ӣѡʱ򡣡
пҲ¶һĨЦݡ
ڴ׾͸ոռ̺ϴһӾͷֱСһռˡȻҲǵйءϾʥͥѾһͳҲҪΧƴ׶ת
ȲҪڤڤоиӦʱԵŽ
ۣ
ϴĽ٣һ֮
ϲʥϲʥһλС
ſ˳˵
ѽһСްҲˡ
Ц˵
Ůϲ߽ǾޱУȻһλŮң֮ϴ̺ͬ죬Ķ䣬̺ɹ⣬ȻνǷ
ȡΪ
ʮ¶ʮ׾Ź˫֮ܡ
һ̣ͬڴ׵ۻ޾¼ϡԺҪǧĴȥ
ĵٴδ£ǷǮʡ°նһءȻ֣ÿ˲࣬ʵһ֡˿ڻ̫࣬һС֣Ҳǳ޷ġ
ȻЩǮƣڴ˵Ǿţһëڣÿ쵮Ը飬ħ飬ǺģңǴﵽһ˷ָ֣ҡǮÿʱÿ̻յңңǳض
ҹ׸ɳУȼ̻
ȼգҹա
ǲ򣬶ħ򣬸ո׾ڣΣе飬Ǹܵһֱᡣ
ᵽԴ׵֮⡣ܵײǻ֮
ʥСһȻԵʮ֣ŮеģûзĶε֮ϴҲûеŮһЩ˼
˵ձȺҪɲ֣µʱֻҪ̫ӰӣҪиӦҪסѽ
ķˮ󼴽ɣҶҪ׼
Ůе뷨УҲûж˵飬ԵԵͺá
˭Լĺӡÿһرһ˭Ƕһ޶û֮һ

֮⣬һصؾ֮ڡ
Ȼܿ⴦ؾУȻݷŴаħǶħޡĳ塣һѣ˲һµѡһħСȻܿӰһм䣬ȻһڹŹֵˮأˮϣֳһ档⻭ϸȥȻǴʥͥľ
嫺вжħȵȽ򡣿һɳǣɳڰհҵģ

ĵӰһۣһۣһۣһۡȻǾͷеļͷ
ǰֵĻ棬˵ɫʮء
ƴΣ׽ʥͥԽĲʰ̶ʱڣѾռݲħ򣬼ϱ嫺Ѿ֡ɳǶѾʼȫÿһǡ˿Ҳ¹߽ɳѹǧΪǧñҵ׼ڴҰ֮ìܶøѡ
һص˵
ͷ׼һ´׾֮ĹϵһɳѹԲǧѹ൱޴ûдϢĿռ䣬һѹȥȻһǾҪн
ڿ¹ʵʩһжû壬Щǲ׶Դ׳ֵġڵռ䣬˵Ѿһʮֵ顣
ԲǧһСΧ
һƻûʼѾزۡ
ÿٶȣ˶˿ڡ˿ûгκ˿⡣ݿɿϢ׵˿ڣʮңлвСӤƿأڴ׵˿ڣӦûкܴġ¹£˿ڵἶһҪʮ˿ڵ֣򣬿Ĵʮ˿ڡʣʮףֻܹƿһʺסռݣֻҲֻϵռݡʱ򣬴׾¡
۱˵
ֹۣڴÿʱÿ̶ţʵڲϱӣ׵ĵҲӣɳѹҰĹߣʵ̫ˡͬһӶڴϣҪγȴʼ޷һռݵĵ̣εĶ棬粽áͷʹѡ
һƿأ󣬴׵ĵ̱Ȼ
ôôȥ㲻ܸıյĽ֣Ҳ״һЩ谭ٶȡ򣬴ױǿ̫ˡ
һȻ˵
һһԲ߰ɡ
Ҳͷ˵
ôֹ׵Ųõķôڲ⡣Ĳȣϯסֻǣƴ׵Ĳ
һ
ɱ֣ڴ׾һߡ֮£ôҲҪһˡ
̹⣬ͻȻ˵


1956 
൱µģԾͷߵıԣʩչֶΣҲûʲôˡУֻһֶѡΪ˴ﵽĿģһβʬɽѪֻ߸ӵԶѡ
ףͨ߶ڴûЧ֮Уͨߣʿ˵ȫǺáֿʿõߣߣиûУͽκΡ
ҡҡͷ˵
ʿȻȻľͷɱ䣬ѾʼһǨԾڴоͿԿͨĲֻ֢ͨϣʿϣһЩð֮ڵСȫͲڡ
߸ͨʹ
ܹʿʶõߡǲ¡
ֻǣҪ֣һ׵顣
˵Ĳڴ׾ڵ࣬ԴڵĸֲֶҩֲףȵȡֻҪô׾ڣֲ⣬ʳգһ仰ʳΪ졣ҪǳԲûʳоȫʿҲܲԲȡ¶ʳǿԣиոճЩӣܲܲԲȰɡʱ򣬴֮УȻҡ˴ףҲҪôԪˡŵĽŲٻ
۹Ц˵
˲ֶΣֲҩȱƷ֣Ķһóѣȫ󣬴֮УԻ־޴Ķҡ˵´ңҲҪô׽ͷö
ʱҪţ졣
Ļĵ׷š
ʱսʱҲһֱδݵҪԴﵽʲô̶ȡûݣǾͲȥ̣Ǵ̣Ҳκʤ㡣ĲȣʿӺζ
ţãۣû׼ܲһô׾ֲʳȫ
֮ϲѯʵ
ȫпܸ״޴һ顣ȻȤߡ
ģ۾ġֻҪ취Ͷŵ׾ڡһоͲ⡣Ǿ͵ſϷЦĴǹƳ͡ƽʱĸֹƳ涾棬νǲʤУһ־棬ֲֲӵױȵƻ
ʮ䣬ǿܹκεһ֣Ǿעһʢ硣
ãξͿˡ
ͷ϶¶һ˿Ц⡣
ڽʮڴ
ģһξͿֶΡ
۹Ц˵
Уһ˿šƶһΣֻҪ֣Ǵ׾ڣһңңᶯģô׽ͷöƣӦԡһס۵ֶΡ
ãһΪ˾ͷߣһΪҹ
ҹ㣬ͷ߲ࡣ

ʱȻš
֪УѾȥһ¡
ʱʮʮ³

УܸܵУУͨ˻᲻ǵһԲʺͨ˾סУһɵϢ֮½ϣʬǣһ߾Ĵ߮໥䶼ᷢɱĹͷӶĴɡ
һذһĹ鲼ء
йײڿз裬սսϺС
ĵط鶼ܿĵ˵һƬҲû˿⡣
Ѿɲ֣еƶѾ¼ȥʱԷ
һɽڣһ۵Ӱ˷۶ٻ㱨Ÿ
ϸȥģȻࡣΧģеķˮʦΪһβ򣬴׿ˮʦȻ඼ǳķˮʦ˴һξ˵Ĵֱʡˮʦϡٵ͡ƽʱһλԿӲҪ˵
ܺãھʥʥּ
һ˸һĨȡһķˮ󣬻֣־ǲݴġ
µķˮ󣬾תִ
̺֮аתִ󣬿תΪƽ֮ƣڴ֮ʱļ˲תΪǹ֮Ȼֻڶ̶̼䣬ͻָƽ⣬ǴڵĶʱ䣬ȴԶԴвɱ飬ȥųɡʣಿ֣ҲΪǣɶǬ
ַˮ漰תһʼͲͣ£Ҳͣ¡
תΪƽͻﵽһƽ⣬Ȼʺϲ飬סɶڻŵɵӰ죬ͻǼҲǼʱ䶺̫⡣
Ҫ翪еĵط޵нۺѾ׼ǨƵ
λʥּּһͿԿʼιȶܻһʹѫδ롣൭Ц˵
ʥС
ڣȺۼϣһ¡
λ䣬Ѿ£ԼѾתִĲáʱԿλĸ׼Ѿ׼Ρ
пȺ˵
һսۣһսۡһĹʩߵĹע
һ򣬲ǴͿԣҪƿأռݣ룬Ӱ᳹ȥ
ʥģۺѾɡ񣬰ջʳǹ˿ǧϡΪеġδͨʮǼɳ׼ãֲ򡣼ľﵽʮŽȥ˿ڣ֧Ϊͨʣܹ飬ĻУܵӰ죬С
ؿ˵
ʮǣֱʮ˲֣ǣǣǣǣǡͬʮ˵ʮɳڣȫδ
ѧѾɸѡʺֵ࣬ףѪס׵ȵȡĻУԳɻңԱ֤άֽȡ
Ϸ־˵
ܺãȻѾ׼׵Ǿʽ뽮ͼλ䣬ҵȿһۿξĹ̡
еȻһЦ
ǰ߳ʥȺ󡣲ʱʺţȻ֪ܿʱƳѾڴ׽߽磬֮ңƺ̧۾ܴݣ
֮䣬ǴһƬݵģݣõģǲڵģʵǴڣһֹĿռң·֮ײŤشΣգһԣԽҪе޴յġ


1957 תִ
ûһΪʵûа취Խ϶ģΪģûʲô鶼пܷ׾ڣһͳħ嫺֮ıƽѪǵѹ£룬ΣԶȻǶͨġ󲻱ݵĻвʺţšټȥнͨȫûκϰҲǴͳεĸڣɳǸʱ޿̲ƶ߮ء
Ѳ׽ѹһвõĶߡ
˿̣ɳǾֱӳڽ֮ļ϶ռڣңңǰȫܿ򶼱һɵǣһʿ̫Զͻᱻߡ
̧ۿһɳڵλá
ոѾõּ⣬ʱԿʼ
һ䡣кȻһɽޡ
ֻأת
иɽѾŵ³ȥһ˲䳯ŴдݹȥڵλãǷˮһؼڵ㣬ɽ޶ױȵ֧
еȫɢһǲʺĹؼԭ򡣶֮ǰôˮʦǰȥãҵھųϵһö飬飬񣬸䱦ƶɡ
żǿ˵һö飬һС͵ɱ䣬ǱĬ׳㹻飬ȫһСɱпɴ͵ⶫʳĿ޷ġ
Ḷ́Ϣ£ȫûκ׶ߡѵľҵѡ
Žɽ޳£е飬ͬʱһӴԴӦǼ꼸ʮյ飬˲Ϣ䱬ȫܹǹԴжǿ
ͷ·һӴһѪ롣
¡¡
ӿڣĵ涼ʼ䶯·˷ܵһ㣬ֻ棬ʮ־ˣһɹڵĴӴӿС
鱬ıԴͬʱ
޾һɲǼ䣬˼¡
ô£еŨôͻȻôࡣ
þŨֱǲ˼飬ԵĻԵҸоҵÿʱÿ̶ӡֵǣϴǴ컯
꣬һˣ컯컯
Ӹð˳дӹͷдӷĹдӹײġãʬ飬ȵȡƴؼ񳱣һоϵڱҵˣܶ飬׷˳컯ˣ˭֪᲻СȻץʱ䣬ƴļȡ
ϣõĺô
յĹУһ̡
ȫôôա
ɣȫĺáƽʱһصò֪жܣðã֡˵תִ൱һﵽ£ͻʱ򣬿ɾֿˡ
˿̣Ե̻ܿԴĹۿţҲ߳ˡϣһ׬ȥڣ̻ڣ޵д󽫾˾ժǵֿտգȡķĹ֪٣ȡıˣһΣǿһÿҪˡ
ҪڹۿˮõΣǣ޵д󽫾ǲ飬һĴת䵽Ǹ㲻þͻشǵ䣬ָоɲҪȥԡȫ˭Ըȥ˭ȥԣʱ͵һʱ뿪ۿѵ
㣡
޵д󽫾ú㡣ɲԸĪͽԼУǲı硣
ǧѵһ澰
һȺҲǰԾ̾
ֻУԽԽŨ£ڽϿգ׵ĳһɫ¡ЩѪ£һʼ״ͲϷ££ǵ󣬱һ¡ʮ֣µĳ֣е״ﵽһֲ˼ľءѾǼеļ
ʮ£Ѿ󡣡
׵ͷ˵
ʣҪʮµҫ£ʲô飬ʲôħ֣ᷢ˵ɱ䣬õ컯ĺô
ҪʼˣѾﵽ£ＫطȻᷢɱ䡣
µȻһЦ
ˮϣˮ׼Բڽ֮£ֻǣûȥྺĴ㡣
̫ˣ»ʵ̫棬̫ˡ
һ㣬ٶһ㡣
巢˷ܵһڣҲ׷״򿪽ƣʼ»ȡһε컯
ϵԽԽԽԽŵĹâԽԽǿңң·޼޵ţﵽʱͻȻܿɫУ׵ĳһ˿ɫ˿ɫͷ·һǿȾ˲ɢһͳ׳£ңɢĹâҲ»䣬һޱȿ񱩳ҵ⡣
⣬ţ˲ϢѾʮһӻΪʮöɫ̫
ųǿ񱩵̫
ǵģⲻ̫ͨѾ񱩵̫ÿһ⣬̺żµ̫֮·˺һУ·ܵȼһö̫Ѿܿ£ʮö̫ͬʱָ֣оǷ󺣣һСӦǼ֮ڵһʱ䱬
һӷ·ޱ߻¯֮ڡ
ָо̫£˵ˣӲҪ˵ǶЩͷ·ѩ̫ȥָо붼׻һʲôĻ档
ʮöֵ̫˲䣬һӾͱɢһաͬʱԡ»飬ͱ¶֮¡
̫
ô
군ˣΪʲôᷢ飬ǸոջôһӾͱ̫ܣ̫ˡⲻҪġ
ˣҪˡ
˲䷢ֵĺЩ
壬ͷ­е֮һӱȼΣȼգһɲǼ䣬֮ѾųеĹâȻ󣬾ͱճɻҽ
Ȼ˲飬Ϊһ׹ǣȻ飬ɢһءǱɰ׹ˣнʬͿʼð棬ɫĻǣڲðУ䣬ѾΪҽ
зӦģ˹ײ棬Ѿ̫䵽ڹײУʼðɫ档ĲҽУǻ棬ֻǲҲҪзϡ


1958  
ңңңһƬң˲ȼȻôճɻҽҶʣ£ҵ£ƴҪôüųɱ飬̫ŵһɲǣѩڡһ̣ȥĲ飬ֹ㡣
½ϣУˡ
ͺñ½ϵһӵˮһֱҵĻ棬ȫͬġ
ıһı
˲·ˮҪתúݣǺúݶֶΡ
ף϶Ǵʥͥµɱֶ֡ΣҲ̫ݶˡĲȻôʧˡҽضֵס
ްΪʲôûһ㷢֡
֮ǰ³֣ض˽ƣ»Ǵε컯Ȼõǰһ컯һͱ֣֮ʮ̫ųļ֮ڲԣǼһֻԵĴǰһ̻»һ룬յľ̫⻹Լչġ
ȫڿʼҪ޷
ײе¡̫ڵֱǻһһţһͻᱬը
һ̣иأʧءæƿҲûֹʧķǻ棬̫ˣ¶صٺãʮ̫£򣬸¯û
ڻ¯Ужʲô̫
һ̣УıһƬأ޾ɢ
еʮö̫ųһɲǣſʼâϰת伫Ҳܳ־ãֻǳһɲǣͻ᲻һתֻصתһˮĸĿģҪԭȵļıƽ״̬
ɼҲɼ
ǼǼֻǳһ˲顣֮ڷˮ£Ȼʼת໥ƽ
е̫ʼ䡣
ɿʼڸ֣ڸֺ֮򣬿Уȴܸܵûǰô̹ǣȫһֿԳܵķΧ֮ڡ
תִѾɡ
ӴԺٲǼ֮Ҳʺϲס棬ȴͨʿȲҪ뿪ĸо
ۺǣѹ롣
һ޴ɳǴһʱȻʼܱ޵д󽫾ҲɣΪһ⣬ۺУۺǣȫԻʳǵĹ
ͬʱʮѾ׼õɳͬʱѹءǽĻɳǵҲӦӡ
ЩɳУסġ֧Ѫ׺ҲһͬʡУûио˿Ĳʣһˮĸо
Щɳǵ£ʱ׵˸Ÿ֣һɳгͬʱ˷ʼӣΪ֮ǰתִԭڵĲ鼸ȥųϡڴ׵ƿأûзκ谭ӰƿȻһӾͿʼ
ֻʮɳѹأһʱ䣬ܿУɳΪģһĵԴԴϵɳǻۣɳϿգС˵ĲȫǸġ
ζţѾ׽֮ڣϿɣûκֹ
κνƿҪɣոշˮı仯ױһ顣Ҫָ顣
ȻǴףöֶΣȻǶͼ
ˣνɨһգѾ׵ͳΣһΣıѾáҾŬʵǵо̫ƻ˷ʤʤ
սأֻҪǲҲƵ̫ҲǳصģҪƣ˭úȥ
ల¾ͺã˵׾ڣҲлҰǧҰУɸ己棬׵ĸɳ֮Уƴ׵ͳελӦòʲôġ
һأڿ׽ѾףеһУѾٷı䣬ռѾΪһֲɸĵʵܾΨһѡ񣬶Կȴ˵һλԴأҲδصסײһеĹһʥͥ൱µġ
˭Ҫһ´ŭ׵ĺ
ֻǣһӱ죬˭жԲù
ŭҲҪš
ﵽǧɴС
̧ۿգצѾеİˣ󣬾ͻΪһ⣬򣬿ʼѲµĽѲӵḶ́Ҳǽ˸Ĺ̡
ԽУֳһĿ⣬עצѲӽӰĿеʮָӣˡ
ļ飬ȴȫܹܵõġ
ͬʱȻܿɳѾԽݣϿգȻƶ
ʥţµĹŹطˮ󡣡
ңңɳһݣ˵
ţ̿ˮ󣬽Źأͨͨ硣
׵ͷһ䣬һڰɫĹѾƿնڽͷϿաţɢϢ죬·ѹһܱաѾ鱦
ˮŹأ
õ棬ȻûгɣзһϺȣۺһָ
ˢˢˢ
һ̣ܿۺͻȻ俪ʼҡÿҡΣܿһڵĹâǺɫУԽӵ⡣
أ
һУƺµĹ񺿡
һƬҵ
ţͿУƺʲôµڲϵӿܵӵŨ޾ľ緢ɳǣۺǶȾЩ谵ɭصķԳǽ˸ţûڳ֮Уʧ
ܿһڵʼɳǡϿգڵڵŸֹߡóУʼնֳһϢ
޾Ϣ·ۺϿա
䣬ͿԳдݳһɾ޴ΪУת·ۺǣѾ׻Ϊ޵ԨҪһУڤ񺿣ϡƺӰڴ
һھ޴Ĺſۡۺ롣ǹŹء
ţᴩ·
ٴηһϺȣ֮£ŹŹйᴩȥһߣһѾ죬ĳڵλ̽˹ȥһΣŸǿ󣬹ᴩһβ֪Ҫɶٱңٶȸ졣䣬Ѿᴩ磬Уһš
ˢ
һշ»صС


1959 
Ųֱӳ룬Ź֮䣬һͶӰͶӰڣȫƾŹطˮ䣬һ·֮ǰŵãһͨһý飬ͨýѡڷˮȻҪһ̣ĳϿգȻԿɫƻۣȻ䣬һֱھĳУصʼ١һ޴ĹŹسڳУһֻ֣ãĵ£֣롣е֮ע¡ۿɼٶȻΪʵʡȹ̡ڰա
ﶼܿ

ɢϢȴĹŹŲСУһڰ֪ͨյںη
̫ˣͨٴοˣ֮ǰϵͨв֪ʿԹºˡͨ¿ˡң˵һΣǱΪп׼һ򡣡
ĳǵĳǽϣܿһŴһϲĿŹأšͨšᴩҲǰһ
ǰʱ䣬ͨͻȻѣҲ֮رաû취硣
þĳʿǲЩʿƷ绥пͨԴͨĺôΪо޴ô׬ȡǮƣȿʼ뻥еģ˭׬һйرգܸܵ־޴ĲӦܶ༱ʣȱ˻Դͷ
ܶʿûֳ
ҪڤѹоӹĸȪջͬʱַֻ£ھĳǿɲôƽ
Ȫջ
¥ȻԿһɫװڤվһ𣬿ĳϿյͨ
裬ݷǱߴݹϢΪ׼һǸ򣬲ʺͨ˳ʱסȴʺʿ棬򣬶ɻУǴֱӵĻпռ䡣һΣȫ濪С뻥еԴֻ࣬ԽԽࡣ
߿˵
ţǾĳҲˡҪϴ׵ĽŲˡ˵ҷ۹⻹һҾҵļƷУ֪Ů޶԰ĽʵĺܡͲԺҪŵ㣬ЩŮҵᡣ
Ц
˭б˭ȥУʥУסʥɲҲһѣң۲Ŵԣʱȥ̸˵ԴеŮӶܺãô˵أǴһرءûжŮκӣܸܵһϡ
ߵȻһЦԼ۹⣬ûзϹҵľҵΪԼķжԼŮˣΪӱͣʥеŮˣҪʲôԡȫǵѡ
أǡǡġ
ѽھһסŮˡͷʹһʥ׼ôĳأҲòһˡڤһѹƲסҪٶЩ˽кôմ
գգ۾Ц˵
˿̣ĳѾһƬȸԾ
̫ˣٴοˣѾһģ׼䣬϶һüǮ
ٺ٣пкܶŮһҪ׮ý޽ԵǺһ

ؿûκαʣͨһȶдʿȺӵ̤ȥʱĿۺǵı仯ܵϢޱȸԾ⻷֮ǰʤ̫౶ˣεֻҪڹ涨ʱڷؾͿԡ
ѾˡӦòдıʡ
ɳУпУͨѾʿʼҲǰԵͷеĵˣѾʼԽԽŨԴԴϵĻ۶
ǳȶˡ
ЩҲ޷ʲôˣ֪ͨ飬˵ּɣģֻġ
ϲʥҴһ򡣡
Ⱥϲ
Ǵ£ϲ¡ԭȼȶĴѾֻʣ¼ձȺû£ҲѾ׼׵һܵ߸ձȺͳΡ
ʥձȺи½ص죬Ҵ׶ȷ̬Ը⳼˳ΪֻҪһ£죬½أ˲죬鸽ףЩнǳأӪֻҪǲǰԳǳؽиռݡңǻԽԭȵĳǳǨƣҴɳŲƹȥȡĻܽʡ´󲿷ʱ䡣ӱݡ
ëѾǰ˵ں֮У֣Ϊý塣֣ҸǰԼ溣˵Ѿ溣ȷ̬ȣ׼ףУ΢ŵδִƺŵĻᡣԽʥ
޷⣬ܡң֮ǰҲӦȨοЩܹ漶ÿһ򵥣սǺսӾͨḻҴ׺ŻֻҪвܣűŸкη
еȻһЦȻɶ񣬿Щʱ㲻ܷǵĲܡףעزܵ˳ڼ֮ǰƷرܻ򣬿Ըһμ̵ĻᣬȻҪǼɷĻǾͶԲвܣҲҪһˣܻܲųǾͿԼ
ιձȺëѾĺܺã߸֣׸ţ׼֮ǰ߸ڶħеı֣ʮֵóޡëѾ£ľͿǵıݡ
Ĵֻʣ¼ձȺǰڵһ׼ѾɣȻջļڡ
ƯҪġ
ʥģձȺħʮƣңں½ϣҲӰںϮӶ£˳ûУУҲֻССҪ׾١ҪһͳձȺֻҪһҹѡ
ڼЦǺǵ˵
üдš
ƶǾԽ׹ռѶȲ֪ҪɶٱƲȣǾͱõչҪġһȺӵĵطһƬȴĻҰش֪Ŵܹ㵽
ܺãſǵı֡
׵ͷǻǺܷĵġΨһƯƯ⡣
ʥдϢＴ裬ʥع
Ҵ󣬿˵
ҲҪˣȺСһǻѡʱ򡣡
һ¶һ˿Ц⡣


1960 һҹ任
ǹҲûпҪӣɻǣеĸһ֮ѹеǣһҹҪһӺȻҲ͸ŻСҲ޷ȷ֮ǲϵǿ̥Դڿ̥׼Ҫ併ѡеĻζȡʱ
ϴ񰡣ЩСһڶô˲֪˵ʲôá
ȥ蹬
Ҳûгɣ֮תǰ蹬ͬҲڴһΣֻ֪ᵮһλкŮǰڴл൱ǿġ
ûãУһ֮⣬ʥС
ϴ񣬹һкͬҲӵ죬ͷһͳŸͷͷ̺ͨĵϷͨ˵ͨĳɳϳɳɱ䣬ʲôֻͨеȽŻ֪ⲻõģҪʩչͱӦͷʩչ֮ͷͻʧ
ⷢ˿֮Ϊ췢ŸʩչŴΣоֲͬͨһʩչˣǾͲˡǲģһԵġͨһǾŵֻҪŵͨǾδϵƣûʩչǰ˱ˣ˭֪Щʲôͨ
˭֪ھУǲǻƾͨͻȻ䷭̡
̡
δ֪µġ
ȻõģֻҪ㲻ãҲõġǾо޴ģͨʱԽԽ£ǿ˵ȫûм޵ģǱ
ﵽ£һ˿ֱӱǺӶ׾١
ʮȡΪͨϣͨѹһеС
ʮʮ³ģʥͥʮӳϴ񣬻Ÿ֮ͨǱ콾֮ˣȡͨĸף
£Ȼͬ졣
䣬Ϊ֮ˣŴʥͥеһǶԴҳϲеĸмǾ͸ӲҪ˵֪ڼйеĻҪġ
˵ۻѪԽԽãƲò

ڴ׻֮ʱձȺУһƬžĬںʮֻԾĸ󺣵Ƕ޾ɣǵϢҲûУһЩ仯УѾܱߵĽƺѾ׹ռˡ
ԼоǼձȺĺӣֻҲûжˡ
һձȺ򱻴ռݣҪǰңڣǲܵ飬Ҫ֪֮ǰףԴ׵ԸǾԲưոݵġ
ǿ϶ģΨһȷľǾʲôʱʲôķʽС
׶ԴЩֻʲô̬ȡ
ʱϣһ֧ںУź죬һ֧ģֻ̫Һ֧⺣š֮ʲô¡ںУҲС
ڸϣŷɥһλ
һΣǾ׼ٵģû̴Ǿֻ׼ǰ½ϣһ죬㵺״һֻ㣬һī֭ī֭ȡΪīһīд£׭диָ;棬һּΪز۸񲻷ơ
һֱǺӶص󡣶һδεӶᣬҲõ϶ںʹīĲ٣ռˣҲᱻߣԼòôĶǺƻ
ڵϣһǳأ彨ǡǳزǺܴ󡣾סİҲ̫ܱ࣬߻дկ˿ڶֲڸء
㵺ˣϰȽǸϴһ飬Ưͳͳߡ
ų
֮򰶱ߣɱǡ
Ȼ򣬾һȺ໴ųǵʱܿǽϺȻƮһġһ޴ġסָ档
ϡϡϴ⡭⡭Ǵʥͥġ
⡭⡭Ǵ׵µĳǳأѾˡô죬
ôľͼء
ຣͣס˽ŲһǼĿģһģ͸һֺ޷ԽĴɽһָоʵ̫ǿˡ
ԲһԴ׵սĺ˭ǰﶼѹڿһģҿ˴ŭף֮֡
ϴǻҪҪ
кѯʵ
ž
ϾͰһ⣬һʹ
ƨûǶ׵ôҪȥɣҲҰߣϽȥ
£תͷܣڲߣ˵߲ˡģҲ̫ˣٶѣбҪŪһĸѽ
⺣ſʧԶԶıܿ㵺
˿̣дӶᣬ½ϣҲͬһԭȿӶĳǳأһҹ֮䣬Ѿ˴׵ġֻҪģǺԥתܡȫûгȥĴ㡣
һ죬졣
һ½أ½ء

һҹ֣ģǴ׵ġ
ˣЩǼٵģܿЩɢˣײϴݹȥЩȷʵѾͶ˴ʥͥڴµĳǳ񡣡
ˣձȺˡһףȻϢ䣬ͽձȺռˡô졣
ںͬ˲ţܹˣܿҲ֤ʵ֮ǰʵ١ʵȴ̫£ں˵һ֮֡
һҹ֮䣬ͷ任죡
ʱʼ
һоãȻͬʱҲԼδоһƬ
Ҳˣ˵Ķԣûǰ;
ߣߣߣһȥԺԹԵ񡣡
һ־˲˼ѡ񣬷׷װǱӣһȥԼݣתͻָͨգ½ص춼ռˣǵʲôãںϴ𣬻ֱɱ½أĸ״ܴĹ𡣴򲻹Ǿһְǰ;һƬ
ߵĺǳǧ롣
һȺ˽ˣҲһֱܡ

ձȺ򳹵׻Ȼʵһʧ
ȫ벻һҹ֮䣬ձȺͳױˣ׵ģÿһ½أȻڼձȺУǣûʵףɱȺԶԸ
ˣձȺ򳹵ױˡ
巢
Ƭ죬ûڹǣ֮ǰں죬ڴ׵졣
ոտʼʱȻܿڼձȺУһѾ׵ĳǳأ׷£ƾŲƳȥţȡ֮ģһոµɳǣɳǵ֮ǰ֡ÿϣʩд׹ߣÿɳѹԲǧ


1961 ĺ
쳬ǧֱӾͻиɳѹܣ˿ûйܱǲֻҪָλãǺĽɳȥܱߵ忴һֶ˵ǨƣɳǸԱ߻Ұȥ
ЩֻľϣϢ׶ܱ߻Ұ̬ȣһֿεֻ̬ҪҰ岻ѣҪɳǣһ˵ǲ׾ӵĹֻжԿԶ˫ģڻҰɱȥȥܴģҿɽ
־ʿԽܵˡ
ˣҲԼʵ㣬ֲñˡҪһسӣǾŬŬǿٽһһֿɿԵģֻҪȫս岿ͬӭ־
ܱ߷ֲڸ죬½ϵĳ򣬴կͳͳŲƣЩе˿ڣתƽȫµɳСǨƣЩ˵ȫľϲ
Щկɳȣֱر𡣺κζԱԡ
찡̫˼ˡǴʥͥİվסɳô֮ǰȣȫ֮𣬿ĽֵƯլԺլԺоȻǬסлٽլԺһǬܽկѾýȥָоʵ̫ˡ
ձȺԭס񣬶ڴɳǣȫ̱һŴ͵̬ȫš
һصĸоһǬһկɳеһլԺһ̺ŶǬɳǣǻ˵Ǹһ㣬ηܹ׵еĽײʲôġ
ңҪǣǬУɽˮģǿũֲġɳѹأܱЩͻȻȻɢעǬСɳǾһôǬϵĹʵǸ룬ԴԴϵԪ
ɳǣֻдײУǰסʲôéݣ©ƷӣֱһɱԶûСӲҪ˵ǰȫˣԺ챻٣ӣ붼డ
̲סҪᰡ
Ǵ׺ð˼ʥأװΪʲôһҪȻҵĺӾͲˡ
ȥˣȫȥˣеѶȥġǵĺѾҪˡ
Ժ󶼿ԷĳˣҲúˡ
ʹ׵ĹٸԱԺ󶼿Դ󵨳ˣҪٺºˡԺֻкǡǺº
շȸԾ糱
ֻãǰͷѾһɨա
ҹкľͷ׷ߵĻ棬ڶԺлǿҵġ
ЩǨߵĴկֻҪԽģŲߣȫµĸԽģôԭأԺעķϵȫûûյļֵǵʱҰʱиŵĵطѡ
һ̣ޱԼԼʥͥΪ׵
˹ӣӦеϡ
治һ˳ؼһʥͥ
ձȺĽչʮ˳ຣҿ½ص죬ţһɳȡԭȵĳǳأңϵɳ򡣼ֱǲκһ©Ҫʲôȱݶѡ˷ָ˷ָ
ĿһɳǳڼձȺ
ˡǸȥٴףҪȻȺֻ³˶ûѡ񣬵ȻѡȥЩ壬ǣҲöԸҰҪǾͲǺԸеˡ
ûǰ;ˡ
зһź
ڵʵǸоһ־


ܿһ̵
Ŵĺ
ձȺͻȻ䷢ĸı䣬ֱӱ죬кãȻʧͬʱ׷׸ǺۼػأǺеһʥأѾϰˣһʲô·ͻ
һһ棬ܿģֻǻߵĻ棬ڷ棬ȴķֹϳȴƫƫڡ
ʵǺ˵ĸڡ
˾ͽ档
ڷȻܿ⣬һۿڣۿϸͣŴĺССֱʤŵĺ죬ǲʤö١ĺڸۿڽ
ֻǣǰӦÿıȶڿġҼŮͷڻܵľںȾƣڳ⣬ȵ־һ̣ȴͳͳڣ磬˭˼ȥŪЩǰ;£
ڼձȺ䣬Ⱥֻҵˡ
ڵ룬һ޴ĹǺ۾סĹ
˿̣ڹУȻۼŴоʮ溣ģٲȻͰڷһ۶棬˿̣һƬ
ž
Ҫ˵ֻһ·Ǿǳôʥͥûг׽ձȺƿأѪûŵ֮ǰһ뿪ƾôຣ򺣵֡ȥһ·ʱǺǺˣɿЦ󺣣Ҫ뿪ңҪԶԶġűƿУҪߣʱߡλҪ¶ˣɱˣǿǶԴ׳ӶԴ׵ıԣԲˡǡڲ¾ģ¾ˡ
һòֺ°һڵĺӱĴ溣ںӣһĨᶨȻ˵
ѾûʱٿôˡҪ뿪ǻһúɿݺ󺣡ڳ⣬ںȾơ
Ҫ֪뿪ձȺţںУңںУдԣžϡĸλãǾֻк۲֪
ŶʲôҲֻк֪
˵ȥһΣ󣬾ͱտڲԡûڶʲô顣
ں˵ĲձȺûĿռˣ׵ɳǵǣЩɳҿÿһǣ׵ɳǷǳǿҪȥɳǣԸҿ鶹ֱײˣҪûдĿ꣬µֵǣȫҪ췴֮ǰ̶̰ʱ䣬м򺣵ߣȥ½صˡôȥһҲǾˡ뿪õѡ񡣡
һʮӢĺ˵һʣʮ溣źͯӡں޶ϲŮˣϲƣϲЩƻŮ֪˶٣ֶҲײޱȣԿ϶ԼҪͶףҲԲᱻܣ˵һ̾ͻᱻնɱ
ּʣɲȥġ
ҪߣҪ뿪ձȺ̫Σˡ


1962 ˰
ĻŰ֪ձȺ򱻴ռʱͯӵûдɣһ߲˵ĻԼ䵽ʲôҵ³ԼԸȥĻ档
Ҳͬ뿪ûǾµĵطǺôҲܱ
һѡͬǨ뿪
Ҫȥ˵ʵڣϣһ൱ԿԽǵϰ뵽ҪΪĵ׾һԸ⣬ϰ˲ͶƾԼȥֵأȥʳôһǿҵĿܡ򲻵ѣ򲻻ȥġ
ΪףδһõѡֻҪԸǣԺҲϴףٺ³Ϧӡܿ˹ҡҡͷͻȻ˵ͬ
ҲһֺʾͬЩǶԺĲһ˿룬׼ȥٵѪˣӣ̫尾ˣȥµĽ˭֪ᷢʲôϾµĽУѾг͵ռݡݲȥȥǾҪսҪѪҪӲĴġ
ɱġ
գУ㼺Ӫ
һϵĺۣһ̣Ҳһͷʹ
ۣɣǸô
һ򺣵ۡ
ۿɲ˭ܵģҪʵǿ󣬻Ҫ㹻ҪȻˣҲᱻƷںеĹȻСƶˡ䡷УߣңҲΪԼûжԸ죬½أɻԵƻһֳڵİᡣ
㺣ԴԴϵ
Ȼһ㣬౻ӶߣȻôѺõġ
ţͬ뿪ձȺ򡣴Ѿˣƾǵʵ翹һʱȴֵס׳ʱĹĵģֻǵȻҪ£ٵֵǣҲΪӦøأֵ𣬸԰ãҲǺþۺɢ
һտ˵
һѡġ
Ӣ
ຣ׷׿ͬ
ۣźʲô򡣾ʲôܷҵȺ㡣
ںӿѯʵ
Ǵ򱻳֮ΪӰƬУŴߣдoħ˵а˰ֻǽȥһۣû˽⡣ֻǣܸоƬ򲢲ǣңѾγɹ̶ͳΣһǿǰȻܵƬиķܲվȽŸǾ˭޷Ԥϵ顣
ۻ˵
Ǵţ˵ʵڣ̫ȥ˰ʲôҪǼֱǵֻһλӵо˵ǱǾүĶӣʲôΪ綼ˢˢˢԲۿ۵ġ˰ԿԺ򣬲һ򣬶Ǵ󲿷ֽܺƹȥ
;ÿ¡
ʲô˰ʲôЦ¼ô顣λҪۣ㲻˵İɡںӵҪа˰ЩȥʲôȥͲ˰
Укŵˡ
ôӦò̫ܲŶԡ
ǲģӰ򣬿϶ޱȣԲ׾ռݣ򿪾Ľԣѡ󣬸Ҫ׼һΣû·һȥͲٳؼձȺλҪǰǾ׼ʱԿ׼ǰģھͿ뿪ϣԺܹúûȥ
׵ͷ
˰Ҳϸ˼ҲΪǻôҲһ൱ѲԾͱҪԡΨһ·
¡¡
ɱ
ãϴеϮ
쿴ǴӣǴףǴ׵Ľӡ
ɫۣɱˣôΪʲô֪λá
ڴлϵʱͻȻ䣬洫һҵĺͬʱڱܣڷŭ𣬲ҽУǿ־ź
ô£
Ͽȥ
ƺǴ״ˣǣô
һԥĳ˳ȥһͿ棬Ȼһ֧֧ʹӡɫ۾ţȫ֧ţÿһ֧һۣһ𣬾߰ɫۡ
Ȼ߰뺣˵Ӵ󺣵ȣȫͲһ𣬿ɢȴ˿ε壬Ѿ־壬һ˿ʿûС
Ǵʥͥɫ۾šλãѾй¶ˣա
ĿãһĨ䣬ϵ˵λѾϮλñ¶ڿʼۻῪţλȺšںӣͯӡֵ֣֯ױ棬ҪʱֱӻЩսս
սսѾˡ
Ȼͻȴ˵Ȼ
һףǽ·ϱƣһ·Ӿ͸ƴˡ
ںһһŭ𣺡Ⱥ񵰣ҹشȥսˣȻǿҲǳصģǵǴ׵İٱ죬ӲģҲҪұһ
һ׷׿ʼϵϵĺϴ
Ȼ´ףսˣȴûˣǸɺĻƵ£˲ͼԣ㲻һǾһȥ
սٲٿսŴɫӭ˹ȥ
Щսһʱ䣬Ѿʼٿغڣ׼ɫš
ȺȻ׼һȵ£ͻᷢƼˣ˭Ҵ򣬲һΣǰҪǣ׾ڣں
ɫУЦ˵
ҶҴ׳֣ǾҪбҴ˵׼һȺں֮ڣǵҴҴߣԶ
ɫУЦ
Ļ棬Щ׾˿ɴûǹ
ǰΪ㵱ѪծڵֵϮУѪսʿѪծ
ѪծѪ쾭塣
ɫҲȻ˵
ߴͬʱ֣Ҫѩܣծ
޵С
褵Ⱦų໥һۣͬʱһϺȡ
׼Ŀ꣬ǰ𹥻
ÿһ϶͵󣬿ʮǵķ𹥻ңڴУооŸԿ䣬ùƵʴӡʡʱ䡣
׼ϣĿ꺣䣡
һʿĵǶ꣬ԥķȥ
Fire
𣡣
ڣҺ䣬Щȫá
ŭ
䣡
ͬʱ𹥻罬ڣҽڣʯڣǹڣڵȵȡڵһʱ䱬һž޴ĵ罬ƳգÿһŶ̺ſµĻֱӺһɫۡҪۻ١
ĺڰײ


1963 
䣡ڻֱӱ󶴴Ǳ飬罬ڰըΪ罬գըɲ磬кܶǴöʮöڻ󷽲űͬûбصֱںϣҲһ˲ըƬ
ЩģҲһ޴Ķڡ
Ȼ࣬һ˲䷢Ĺǿڰнأ©̫ࡣǵصĳɫ۾ϯ
ȫۻ֡
ɫۣ磬
褷Ϻȣһɫ֮ųһ⣬Ϊ磬һۡ
ɫۣ磬
˵
ɫţƹ磬

ɫţ̹磬
Դ˵
ɫţ磬
ѦʹҲ˵
ɫţȹ磬
ɫ
ɫţϹ磬
ݸ˵
ɫһɫʺ磬
֮һУܿߴеĽ磬һʮȻķʽںһн磬Դڣ໥໥ۣգۼ䣬ϵĽ綼ѾΪɫʺ磬·һ⻷Χתɫ۾ŵһơɫ磬ȵһĽǳ̫̫ࡣ
ɫ磬ÿһɫͻᱶһɫɫɫıɫ˱ɫʮɫʮɫʮı
ɫͬʱսսԻᷢ췭ظĲ˵ǿᵽ¡ǿ󣬾ζţӰȫֵܹǿĹֻҴˣû˴ҡ
սϣһʺ硣
¡¡
е罬ײڽϣ˲ըĵƺܽһУȴ޷ƣֻǵһȦȦɫⲻϱ任ÿα任úĥ𣬲⹥ֻһǧʮϰǧĹͬʱڽϡȻܿһ磬ۿɼٶȷɿ찵
ֻҪһ˲ɫ磬ǰˣһ̣ҲѸٻָ
ô۵Ľôǿ
ܣôȫ
𣬺ڣȫ
ڻ˷ĳɫ۾źȥ
ЩУкֻܶǻƽײεĹʵ̫ˣൽͷƤ飬޷ĵزǻ棬ֲֻǣЩɫ£ûƿңһɫڴ׽ʿƿ£ܼڻ𣬲ȫЩڻĹ
ŷķȴϬ
ܼͬһ⣬Ʋ񷣬һڻķںУкӲ飬˲䱻һѪ棬ʮֿ񱩡
ţ
ںѾϰŮҴ溣֮ϣȻܿҺʮ־޴󣬵ͨ壬ȴɢһëȻϢһҹܳΪ溣ΪҴ䣬֣ǰŮĸ䣬ûκεɽֻҪķΧڣͻᱻϮң䷢ʱ̫졣
ֻҪںԸ⣬ǰһ䣬һͻᱬ
Ůĸ𣬳ְɡ˺ǰĵˡ
ںӷŭսһӡ
Ȼܿһε֮ϯȥɫ۾Ÿڡ·ɫ綼û䣬һֹ

ãҸожð䡣
꣡
ϣཫʿͻȻ¶һ˿ʹɫȻ䣬һʿҽУȻͿһֻѩϸͻȻؿڲ˳Ȼһָֻųֳֻ֣˺·Ҫֱ˺嶼һ˺롣ؿڻһЦ
Ҫ£ɫۣͬʺ磬ʺ֮⣬ףѹ䡣
褵˿ûлңɫϣ׷ųһ⣬²ʺ꣬ڶཫʿϣһӣʿϵ䣬׷ױѹƣ֣˻ȥֻ䵽꣬Ѿɼ˺
ɫɢĲʺ꣬˵䣬ѹûġһѹȥϵ˿ڣ̷ҩ̾Ѿϡ
֣ʱ
һȡ
ʲô˼
ຣ϶¶֮ɫȻû仰Ƕ˵ġ
ڻһʱͻȻ䣬ͿУһӵתڿڣ׼߱Ϊѵĺȥд٣ô¶֪ͱƬ
һ˲䣬Ǽʮ򣬼ĺ䡣ĺ˺顣
ŮŶͻȻĹҡҡ׹
ô£ΪʲôҪǡ
ЩһѾѱˣͶ˴ףһȺڼ飬ѹҵ
쵰һȺͽЩͽȫ
еຣһŭôû뵽оȻôͽոѱѾﵽ֮һĵ£в֮һĺ٣ȥĺ԰㡣
ʧڣһʧءҵ¡
ܿ˹壬㾹ȻѺˣ
ں۾Ҫð档ڷѵĺУ˼溣Ӱţðսţ籩ţʼұغţַšռʮ溣еһ롣ֱһѡ
ֲ£˲ҡ
ȵľڣɫꪣɱ
̤һϣԥ³һУݳһŨҵɱ֮
ɱɱɱ
нʿԥķɱͼĿʼ߶ۡ
ԴԴϵĽԪע֮УԿɫϣһ޴ĴڴϣȻֳһĻ棬翵ĴϣֳһƬĴ󺣣ںϣȻһ޴ĺɢ޾ϣ˸оԾĸܵһɲŭѹ·ѹ
Ǻ񿴲òȴĿһɫУ޾֣·󺣵ϡ
һϣ׷ų貵ɫ⡣ۣΪʵݡ
ɱ
һɱ£ͨױ߶
꣡
ǰһӡ
ʱһ޴ޱȵƾճڴϿգںϣ澹Ȼ˲ֲֽֿ˸߸߾𣬻ΪһյĺХХдݳǧҵˮ֮ʿᱻʳƬǿ󶼻б顣
˲Ϣ䣬յĴХѾγɡ
źϯȥ
ɫţ۷쵶
Ϻȡ
ɫţƵɽޡ
Ҳʾͨ
ɫţʾ롣ҵڴ˿̡
Դȵ


1964 ˿
ɫţ۳١ѦʹȻ
ɫţƺڡ
Ҳ߶ۣ𹥻
ɫţϵ١
ݴȵ
ɫͬʱʼ߶ͨȻܿһ޴󺣣ţͻΪ޴ԺɱһҺסţǿУںס׹뺣С
һ޴ƺڣڹ⣬ͬһ޴⣬ֻҪͷ·סǧֵѹѹ£ͨ飬ڻ𣬴ֻҲƬ
ϵ۵٣ɨء
ټϽܿ˹ȺںɵˣˣһƬңֲܵѻǵˣڻֻ֪ĳȥ
ˡ
ʱֻһŭĶϺս
žͿһž޴ϣ۳ڰУһ̣ȫܸܵɢһϣһ־þλѹѱĺѹ֪䱾ʵ˸൱ˡ
һǳ£սɵΪ֮ͣһ¡
ںУһͭ顣ϺȻֳ֡䣡
һɺƶĺ䣬ڷ£кеΥǾ뺣ΪУ˵ںͷһεȻԺ̫ࡣ
Ȼⷨ䣬Ǽ棬ɶں˵һı


кɢһͭ⣬֮˲䱻еһУ·𳹵ױֹˣǺǴ׽ʿˣֻǣֽԴƺǾԵġ
Ը⣬а취ѡ
󣬾ͿУһͭ£һҺֱס׹ڴеĺ׷ױУǻ棬ʮ𺳣ٶȣǾˣգ֮䣬ĺѾعֵǣЩûжԺŵȷѵĺ֡ƺıܿǡ
תۼ䣬һں˵ĺȫ
Щ۷ſɫ۾ţü䣬·𿴲κ˵תʥҺѾ׼뿪ձȺԴ֮󣬲ٻЩӵĺչҪ뺣ףǧʹһΣٴ׵ϣͼ̡
˵꣬һ֣ͿͻȻ俪ʼƶһ޴ųһԣôų˽ȥգۼ䣬Ѿʧ
¡¡
ţʧͻȻըƺпµըĿռ䳹ױ飬һ
һۣȻݺձȺеһ棬ʵȻȻֻһ죬һƶսأһ뿪ͱţǴҵǵټ׷ɱȥ׶Ͼ˻عձȺĿܡһλۡ
һ̾˵
߰ɣѾˣٴȥֻҲֲСֽδزһֱȽϺõ鱨ʮأжٵƣ˭ֻ֪ҪҴ׳ԽǱ׷ӵҴʥͥעڷɡ
褵ȻһЦ
һΣߺˣѾüձȺһأױ
ձȺ򳹵һͳ
ܺãھ͵Ѫȫɱʵֻƿн򡣡
ʥУҲõǰߵĻ㱨Եͷں˶򣬲̫飬Ⱥû;˳ѡȫΧˣܵĽһȫĨɱκκ󻼡ɺͬһȺӶߡƻߡԼĵȻǲõء
ҪǰǾǶ谭ƻǿҵĲءԶδĵ谭ЩҪԼȥֻҪֵ΢΢ôһɶѡ
һΣռĴ򣬶Ѫ˵һξ޴ѹѪѾĴȫַΧڣֻǣõĲ֣̫ˣҪϣҪԴ
ʱ䣬ÿ춼дı˱׼ѪСÿһ죬׼㡣ټʱ䣬ɱĵˣԵޣɵʬΪѪשߡҪȱڣɾ޴
ҪһȣţҪȳһ󡣡
аԳ
ûнѪȫ۳ʵǰЩռݵĽ򣬿˵ʱпɵԸĹͬʱҲ赲ߵĽĲرȻ˶ӡټ½ӣڴ׶ͺñǳһٷʢĴͣôҪ˵
̫׳
Ĵ򣬳׽ƿȥõѡ
δСʣ١
ʲôءɫѾˣŷ׼ӸڻȵģȺˡʲô£롣
߽֪еһŮһӸһ߽ͿһԳ˼ģ̲סЦ˵
Ҳ֪ʱ׽ţ鶼ҪȥܶණȻѾȺֹȥЩվǻ͵ǰ
ûʲô鶼ȺȥҪ鲢࣬ոֻ룬ʱȺڽˡ񣬿ɲȴյûмλǿɾͶҴ׵
ЦŲ֣£һ߻˵
ȷʵӦ÷ˣЩ꣬ȺΪѫλãҲܹˡң檾ãλ󳼵ļУҲ뷷һЩگ飬ȴ󳯻ʱȺһ¡
ڽ
뷷گ飬ѼͺãⱾȨҾͲˡ
˵һ󻰺ҲӵŲһǰ޹һҹȻǴ޺á

ʱȻţһͳת۾һ¹ȥһУµĽУӰνǷɳǣѾվȽŸͽ˽Ұܱ̽Σǿٻĵأʼֲָũ
ȻɳеǬҲָʳɳ⣬׳ϾŴڳ£ԪҪŨѣܱ߻ڲǱĬӰ졣
ɳܱߵڴ׹ٷֱǬУ˭ٹ˭ֻʹȨûȨ
ֲָ
Ȼˮտ΢
һʱ䣬Ѿʼ죬УѾȻʵۡ
һ۾ܿǼյļڡ
أ
Ȼһ죬ͻȻ䣬ܿУͻȻ˵Ŀ


1965 쳣
ô£Ϊʲôܰǰɴûп˻ġһֱǱֵʮֻ죬ֻҪйɣʳػͻ֣ܿ˶ۣհǵڿʲô
е㲻Ծ֪ͨٷǰ̽
Ŀó⵾˵쳣նǲ첻ѣҪ֪ʮûпģȫǳ϶ǳˣǳˡ
ܿ죬оǲǰ鿴
ѯʵˣֻǿһбܣһȣһֲһıʹ
ʹģ˵ˡ
죬㱨ȥҸоҪˡ
ɳеĳ鿴ȴôҲԭͬţͨн֣ɳǣҲ½ͬԼɳΨһǴģĳ֡ɢ
׷ࡣ
ͬʱܵ뵾˽йͨ
ˣҪˡ
ʳҪûˡˡ
ֻǸ⼸仰Ȼ󣬾ͳ׳һֱ˵ķΧУΧŵﲻתȦϵıˣ޷⡣
ʮ𼱣һʱͳǰЩ²һݣǳǧݣϵĴ˷۶
ڿеֲȣȫ⣬˵еȫˡ
ü¶һĨ֮ɫ
ũһ⣬ͻԴ׵ʳɾ޴⡣׵˿̫࣬ÿҪĵʳǶǺģУд󲿷ף׵൱޴󣬴ͨʳֻά±ҪУҪף׵֣һǴɳ⿪һǴװǬסһ֣ɳǵƽֲһں֡
ڱֳף󲿷ֶǴûдģͷŵ磬άֵģһ۸ĵضȣЩսԵʣ׼䣬ƿؼ۸񣬶žԵİѿء
һƣײóġ
ڣɳеڣȫ⣬˶ڿֱ˵еˣһңǻɢģ׾ڣɵĺȻͬСɣֲ֪İջܵش󾭼ʧĻ׵ľƣܵ޴Ӱ졣
ĲȣǾ׶᲻ȡ
ǾԲġ
еòˣ˻òȻֲҲò
ңЩʮͿ£ɢٶȾˣһ֣ǾһģѣⲡǳũϣũϣҲһ޷ʧڴмǿƻԡ
ģ󣬶ӰȻ޴
һݷݵÿһݶһɳе⡣
Ӧǰ
һ˵
ǣʥ
ǰȥѶܿ죬ӦѾִ֪е
ӦڲѧУǿũѧԺԺɫũӵܣңռũͨҲָףԴ׵Ĺףǳġ
ʥ΢ǰӦΪ˴׾ڳֲִ쳣顣
ӦǿУһ󣬿˵ҲûйĨǡ⣬ݣȻҲǵһʱӸ;еõϢҪֲ⣬λũѧԺԺ֪ǾЦˡ
ݸɳǷ£һε쳣һǵ⣬Ǹ󲿷嫺ձȺȵȣУͬڿֲȴʲô쳣ɳֳһּôҪΰǰȥ飬
׵ͷص˵
ʥ΢Ʋ⣬һֲѣ˿һ𣬾ӵеԣ׽еĸֲ˼Ȼ˵еﶼ쳣ˣڿһȴˣͬʱľٶʵĿԣߡѾߴųɡ΢飬ɳǣ磬зǣֹ쳣ӡǬУҲŸֲ֪ǲѾ̫ˣҪķҪеġ
ӦѾоһ˿õָоޱǿңġ
һ֣ڷɳǣѾûЧˡ
ţǬѾܵͬõ˽ǬɿֹɳѾûˡ£Ѿڲϴݹܱûһ⡣
ҡҡͷ˵
ⲻǴһʼӣһ֣Ǹннչٶ̫죬ɢٶ̫졣ɳѾûбҪˣũˣҪʧҲѾΪȶʵ޷ٸˡ
Ȼˣ΢ũѧԺеѧǰɳ֪̽ɳڣǷҲͬ쳣
Ӧһѯʵ
ûУɳڣδκеˣҲȫ
ҡҡͷ˵ոѾͨѯʹǳеǬǸƽ֮УûгԿ϶鲢ûӵɳǣ˵ⲡôģûа취ɳǡϾɲһͨɳǣۣҲ˳еʥǡ
Ǿͺãʥ޷ҳЩũﵽʲôδ֮ǰ΢飬ɳʱ䣬Ҫ¶磬⡣
Ӧǽ
ƳǾԲܳģһ⣬Ǿ鷳ﶼңʥǾԲҡ
ģƳǲ⣬ȥɳǵһϢ㱨һпܣʧһпܣ׽ε鷳
һϵ˵
Ƴ޼ԣʱ޿̶һ״̬У֮ͬ⣬Ҫҵô׵¡
Ӧûٶ˵ʲô뿪ʥ󣬵һʱǰѧũѧԺеѧӣȫ˳ֱӳʺţһзճǵɳС
ɳˮ֣ܱʮʺֲܱ߲ϵŴĸֲ߲˵ȵȡֲףƷʶǳ󲿷ɳǵģڴУ൱ġ
Ӧһֺ󣬳гʱϲæ⣬һ߳ȥڲϿ˵Ϣڿ
ڡ
ֵһϵףףͨޱȣഫǴʯȡеľһɳ죬̣ͨʮϲˣȥɿڣʮˡƷס׼Ʒ
ȻûдﵽؽײεףƷȥɳھͻӡЧϣȻײεĸߡ
ʦ׿ûʲô쳣˲ӡ
һũũѧüͷ˵


1966 
Щ׷ţңһ㶼ʲôԾģĻӦǿʼֿήŶԡôЩ̫ԡеȫһ
һũʿһƬʩչũͨ
ͨԼеٽڵũֱ˲Ϣ䣬ͿʼӿɳӶֲܹǰ죬Ȼⲻûд۵ģֲĲһļɲСʧ
Կͨ£ӦÿٳףҲȷʵѸٳɳ׳˲䣬һ굾ͻȻʼή·е׺ľΪСһɷĩƮɢڿС
ô
ܵũӵܿĿɿڴ¶֮ɫ
ԣж
Ӧ΢΢ü£ȴоһ˿ԣոЩ׳׻Ϊ촷ʱôһ˲䣬ͻȻӵģ䲻·ɢؼ䡣
ﲻԣȴ˵
΢һǰһ䣬ŵ˽ȥ
ƺû𡣡ϸ̽£ûвʲôũӵҪģںֲܶһˣǾҪҳԭһ㶼ǳڲ˵˳ӣгֲеʱ򣬾ͱ̽飬ȻٸֶΣɱֲеĳӡĻͿɾΡ
ӦǶЩҲǼ졣
̽£ȴ֣оʲô쳣Ҳûзֲг֮ڵĶ
ԣ׵Щԣ񡭡ǻġ飬ô
ӦһȻԼоˣٴֲ̽飬£֣ո̽ļȫһ̺Ȼ̺һԡ飬Ǿˣͬһһ
ЩԴмȡֲУΪֲֵģڣԣȻԸⱻֲգڼȡֲе׳ԡ
ңУΪǴֲڵģȡҲֲ֮У棬κ쳣һֲɵĻһֲͻȻĿήǻΪĩĴƮɢһա
һ仰ж
ѹ֣ѹɢٶ˿죬ⲻֲ⣬⡣ӦɫأոѾԹЩȴֲ֣Ϊһ壬ͬʱڴݻֲңԺ󣬻Ӷݡֱĸһ
̫ƻ̫졣
ʥѾܡ
Ӧɫص૵
ԥѡϱ
̫ˡֲˡ

ͷ߻ء
ǵ˵ҴһʯУгһʮĶͨ棬ͨκƷԣͨı仯һΣֱӽͨͽ֮У׾ڵУеͨ飬ԣԣʿ˲û̫ΣڣǻᱻɷûԣѾû𡣡
ɶֲ׵ũȴž޴Ӱ죬Щֲ˵Եȡ֣ᱻγ淴գȡһ󣬾ͻ᳹׻ҷⲻǶֻ顣ؼͬڴ׾ȫʼֹֹ˵ġǴ׷Σ飬ⲻǶصȻݱ䡣Ρ
⣡
ۿνǷǳĵ⡣
ҪöĻҲұ֤ܹùףǶԴɶˣκξ綾վƽĿܣɲǾ綾Ķı£Ҳҵƽķؼǣ󣬼ȡ㹻ٴλع顣
һ飬ǻʲôֻҪԸ⣬ͿӳȥǲɢκԪôɳǣû֧ţɳУһƬϡ޷ٵҩȵȡԴѷݽ֮СǸʱ򣬴ҪԪ˶ѡ
ⲻǶȴκξ綾Ҫ
Ҫ¡
һУȻԪйأԪ󣬸Ǿ޴󣬸Դÿ춼һ֣⣬Ǿں׵ĸɵӰ죬ױȵľ޴
ɵƯһΣȻҪô֪ǾͷߣҲǳصġ
۴Ц˵
ɫʮڴ
Ϊ˵һ죬ڴ̫ˡһεҲǾԵ޽⣬ѵ׻Ҵݻɡ

ʲô顣
֪еУһ̣ȺۣӦǴݶѶϢҲڵһʱ䣬Ⱥ֪֪ͬʱһɫ֮䡣Ƕӣʿڰ׳գʲôµĺԼԣ־ǾǻŵɵӰ죬ʵ̫ˡ
ʥԺ˵ֲԭ飬ԣǵ־ǾԲֻǻֲƻԴ֮µ޿ɹӰ졣ԣ־ʱûҲûԪ̫޴󡣡
üǰһ˵
ԣ־ǾǿԻģֱӷߣɽٳɹܳΪһ塣ң壬žͻἫǿ
˼˲ҪҴװƽȣҪ£鷳飬ǴֱʣûиһĴۣǲܳȻǲҪʹѽ
һ˿˿⡣
ô׹ӵģгԹģ˵ԲЩģ˾𣬾ǸҹֱϵľͷˡģǾһˡ
һֿܣڸģҪǣνε鷳Ĵ鷳
飬ǶҲɶˡ
µ飬޴ڣ׾ڣֲֻͬڱӶ
飬Ǻ£ƿصȶأƵ͸ˡ΢Ϊ취ѹĥе־Բɳ
ɫص˵
Ϊˮʦе֮
ǣνһ⡣
λ䣬ʲôԽ˴⡣
лȺѯʵ
⡭
УȺһĬ
ûоҪҳԲ׾óġ
ʥΪ׹⣬־Ѳ£֮ӦÿЩ־½˸Ҳѹһ󡣡
ǰһ


1967  
ӦЧȴα겻αʥǣعˣѲ飬ԽһΣܲÿζУʵΪԲ׳ѹһΣܳáα겻αξðķ
ҡҡͷ˵
飬൱鷳顣
һַ΢һǣͻڿն𣬻΢նն̺־գԻָ
΢˵
ӵһͨնͨдһնǾҪصҵǾ൱Ķӣնɱôܻ᲻ҵģֺ൱£ߣúȻܶˡ򲻵ѣû˻Ըʩչ
ʷϣµĽֲǺܺãкܴһԭ򣬾ΪʩչҵҪܵҽֶѡ
ʲôɡ
΢΢ü£ѯʵ
Ҳ뵽ʷϵҲȻҪܷɵġַǿģ˲ʩ߱䣬һޱȡ
ȷʵнɣңҪȵʱõʱ׵̫࣬΢ֻҲȫ
ҡҡͷ˵
Ļʱ̫׳ܲ˳ʱġңȻнɣǾͲʩչҡҡͷ˵ȣ˲ŸҪʲôȲ˲š
ʥ΢һá
΢ǰ˵
뽲
׵ͷʾ
΢żഫͥ뷷飬ɽأӲ򡣵ѹϽڣӦеԣ֮ѹȥԱ֤׾ڣܵӰ졣
˵
󣬱;еְ֮ܡ飬ȻӵӦѹĥ̺ԣҲδؾһ¡Ȼܲܳɹ⻹δ֪
뷷飬ֻвס
Ϸ־΢΢ü˵Ҵ֮УУֻʥȱĽɣ񣬲ǿϢ翵o뷷ǾҪҪռݡĻҴװа롣
κ飬ãôŬǿãҪʲôá׷еǿϢԼǿӣҪ
鲻ܷɣһſӣ˭֪ᷢʲô
ԶҪս巢Աܵһֶԡ
˼ģնûк³
Ȼ
Ц˵Ȼ֪ĳ֣ԴӰ죬ЩӰ춼ǿԽ͵ģ磬Ϊ齨׾ڣÿ롣뷷ĵ飬ֱӴҴ׹ٷȡԸȡͼĶžҴӰ죬ܷҴƿÿһɽӴءЩ飬ֻҴ׹ٷϵһֶѡ񲻷˿ɶž󻼡
ǵֻṩԸڴ֮ϵһϵѣƹܽǵְ֮һ
ң飬飬ʺ뷷顣ЩֻҪԸ⣬ʱԽǴ䷲δֲҴ׶ԽƿϾڴ֮ĻҰ̫֮󣬻ҰУʿϾ룬棬ɽأǸõѡܹ׵ϣҰ֮СڣȫʧȥƿأûжĿ
˵
ȻͬʱѾеȫã˼Ǻġ
޵ķʧ
ôĻҲ޿֮
Ϸ־΢ͷ
ֻҪôװȥǣٺ»ֱɴ׷ţǵõ뷷ʱƿǵǰ;ˣδǴһɱǿô׵ϵӷḻ
䣬ǷС
׵ͷѯʵ
ʥһԣҴײʧô׶Խƿһ¥Ȼһ£뷷ɽغӲȴûбҪ뷷򡣡
ҲԴ˱ʾͬ˵ģһ£վдҲɶʧǶԴϵһַǿʱ򣬴׽ڣӿͰβƣ᲻ɴݡ
޿ɺ
ЩǷ취
ٴѯʵ
飬˭ûмɵӰ˭޷Ԥ֪ÿһҪСӡ֤ϸòС
ȺҲ׷ֽ飬Щڴֺ󣬾ѾбУԡ
ȻˣǾȳԷܷ֮ľãǿԣȻǽԴϲǲУǾ
ּ䣬һ£УȻǷ
뷷Ⱥ뷷Ⱥ
۴ʥͥڣɽ֮
շ𣬳ƳϿաų޾⣬֮˲䴫׾ڣڣȫڣ飬
µ˲䣬Ϳ׾ڣУÿһӣÿһɽÿһƬҰУһ˿˿ɽ֮ƾշ𣬳գŷٻ۹ȥṇ̀ʮѤǿ쵽ˡ·ֻө泯ջۡ
ô£ʥ
ǷΪʲôҪȡɽ֮
ⲻֻɽ֮滹̺ɽӵľꡣ

ͷ߻У˴ĶôùǣȻڵһʱѾ֪֪Ҳ΢΢ɫ
ȡɽ֮˳ȡĿģ򵥡Ҫѹ֮

ԣĪҪ񡣡
һ˿Ժиֳһͷ
ôôɲܷģ뷷ͬʱĵҲǴ׵ˣȥȻǼĸ飬ҪԸôԸ蹩
΢΢ü˵
뷷飬ҪĹ˵ġҲ˳Ըģ뷷ԭ֮һ
׹Ȼ򵥣ô׶ԸģȻദ뷷飬Ҫ֮ѹ̣ôĻܲã᲻Ӱ졣
һѯʵ
֪ǵһʩչʲô˭˵
ҡҡͷ˵
ڲǣҲûٲֵأֻţȴյĽֻĵװԲܳɹһЧ

ˣӡ
еĻٴ
ȻܿǧɵצڷϿգſڼ䣬һŨĽ⣬УͣҲʼСֱ仯ۿɼ


1968 
һɣʮɣ
ɣ
ﵽǧɵ֮ССǧʱֹͣܿɢϢһ˿Ƿϣһ˿ƣ롣աٴ̾ڹУԴԴϵˣָһεġ
ʥͥһ̶˾޴󣬿֪뷷⣬жĹˣһ˳뷷飬ǵĹ˴޴ѹڶԣҲֻдĵ̣һ뷷Ӵ顣
ʥڷ񡣡
˴ӡôֱֱʡӡͿԳΪϿɲ顣ܴ׹֪ܲܵõ뷷⡣
׾ڣǷӿ
˴Ķĺ䶯֪գʿĿ£жһƬȣ⻭棬ʵ̫ջˣȻΪʣǱ⣬յĳɾվ޵ģһĳΣͻֹǰԴһӣͻƵĿԾͼˡվսһ졣
ܳΪ飬һ·СҪ̫ߣֻҪгԸܲϽͻơɣҲһ˽ĵ·
ˣɷ񡣡
Ȼһ룬ӷдݳѶϢһҲָ֮侲
˲ܷһɣǲԽġ
ΪԽͣԽˡ
ӡԪӡߣɷ񣬵ˮӡˮӲӡ񣬵ɽӡɽ־Ʒܴ˼ӳ֡ɾߣΪ׵ְߣλְ
һ̺޾ϵĻ
ţͿһööӡӷи֣ǰ㣬Ŵ׽ȥЩӡµλã֮ǰȡؾǵλã۳ӡǶÿһɽûһӵģͬҲɳΪģ磬һɳѹǧڣֻһλֻдɽɽⷶΧڵĺһӿԹᴩǧɳǸΪΧָɶΣӡƹܵľһη֧
һĽӣмǼʮӲⶼġ
ܿ죬Ϳӡһ⣬ֱ׸ڵϣֱУɽϣ뵽ɽУˮУˮ֮С
Щӡغ󣬻ԵˣٵӦ顣ʱ䣬޷ȷɴ˿̣Щӡɽ֮кͻȻ䣬ܸܵؼ䣬ڿУУֲеһԣ·ܵĳ컯Ե
׷ɶ˻㳯һööӡĻ۹ȥ
ЩӡʱͿӡʼųâϻΪһööѣãϳʵɱ䣬·ھһֶصһи֣Խ࣬ԽԽǿдݳͬ
ͨ
ͨ
̺ԣҲɶ˻һööӡȻӡ޷ܵջ
ָˣЩֲ̺ʧˣ»ָˣǻˡ
ӦУ۸ܵǰֲָ֮ǰ޷գ뵽ֲÿһУΪֲ֣̲֮ǰ谭ֲģ̺ԣЩ׷룬뵽ӡУӡһֱγѡУȫµ
׾ڣһ⣬ԣ׷׳ӡۡףһɨգҲûӣֱӶ˸ԴͷûУȫӡС
ӡ̥飬ȻʲǱǷȻԻԣԻ̥컯档Ļ֪֪᲻ᵱѪ
ĸܵڴУɽУںУһöö̥һȫͻᵮһ飬ƹӡеְȨ뷶ΧǣЩԻӡ
Ȼ飬ȴԳƵϽ֮䣬һʮֶصĽײ㡣ʮֽӽĽ׶ΣԴϣŲģֲһ챾Դ֮飬Ϊһƿһ취ֻҪȥ򣬾ܱǿɳǵ챾Դ
ûУǵͨӡȨְǸǵ츳ͨǷͺһǷһǽý飬ȡ֮ȻǺܴġ
ڻΪѵ״̬һͻǸ׽ƿصͨͨҪǿö࣬Ǳ
һĻЩʩչıƵˣûжԴˣУһݴס
ȻЩ鲢ûҪһʱֻҪʱһȻִһ򡣾и컻صܡ
ʱ䣬˭˵ˡһȻô׶Ըصƿֱһء
ϧҵķԺ뷷鶼ӵٴһεĻᣬͱҪǿ󡣡ҡҡͷԸ̾
ϲʥ֮٣ȷʵЧЧҴס
¶Цݣ˵
ֵš
׵ͷ漴˵
΢ڡ
ͯͬʱУӦ
飬ɾֽ̽飬ĸԴĻ˭׾ڵ̽ӶĿȫһ顣ҲĻ֣ҲҪǳΪϹӡ
б˵
ǣʥ
ͯûж٣ε䣬̫ͻȻԲƽ޹ʵĳ֣϶ԭ򣬿϶º֡һ㣬ɵӶ֪Ψһǣܲܽҳ
Ⱥȥ
֪еٴαÿտ
̧ۿգйâ˸ͻȻ૵ȻҲûԼ֮ϣһ콣գ˽֪׵ϡ
εıʣһ뷨
ԣ㣡
һ䣬ȻԿڴ̥ڣһε־£׷׷һ˿ԣٳǰ۶Щԣһ⣬գۼ䣬ͻΪһ貵ĹһöɫС̫
⣡
ٴ³һ׾ڣһε˲ۣǰ۵Ĺ߲֮ɫΪڶֻ
⣡
Узɳ֮е죬ľһ˳졣
öȻĻһ𣬱˴ںϣ໥͸գۼ䣬Ϳһڽɫս۳Ρսϣ·ܿڱ˸ڽ֮ϣ·ܿеܿ޾⣬ܿ⡣
ĻģΪ⡣
һɾĵۻ־뽣Уʱսϵķâ֮
һա


1969 ۽
ڹϣսſڼ䣬һϢ棬·ǽɫĻ棬ϵĶսմУһ˿˿³սۡؼ䣬鲼Уһ֮սۣУһսϣЩڴսսâ
һսɢΣ̾գȻƳϿգȴâ鲼ס
һӽʥǸ¶ǿߵͷһڽ˷âڱ
䣬һ¥УȻԿ뺺룬Źϵ̧ۿգ·ܿһ˸Žսս£һŨΣϢ

ΣգΣա
һսµĿΰңԵ󣬾Ϳʼܹˣ£ʱԽâͻԽӵĿ£Ի˳ĳɳϳɳ󣬾һµľɱڽǴ׵ϣ˳֮־
֮Ϊӽκ⡣
ӽҴΪ˳˳ʥ˽Ϊ۽֮־ԸôףΪͥΪۣѹһеС
пŵս³һڽͬͨǿģֻΪﵽһΣӦ۽ĴڣĿģһ£岻֮ͽħ֣Ǵ֮ĵˣǶ׼ҵմѪһֱ
Ҫ֮ıӹȵۻѪͻܵ۽Ĺһնʲôħ֣ͳͳҪɻ𡣻Ϊ촷ۡ
Ҫıʥӣͻڤڤб۽
һػ
Ȼɱս۽ᱻи۽µһΪ׼ҵʲôɾͣͿԼƽսУˣ䣬ֻܹʵ㣬Ŭľ۽ԱǳɳȴΪ̡
һ
ˢ
УսϣҲȻĸֳ׭ۣ
Ȼڻ㲻۽ȴһΪ۽ʱ£ġ
ѧУѧԺнѧϷͻȻ̧ۿաһٶΧѧǲ죬׷˳Ŀ⿴ȥȴʲôûп
ѧѯʵڿʲôʲô
ӿʥ̾죬ǡдʥγײˡ
ϷЦ۳룬һ̾˵
뷷飬Ҫͥ飬׾Ȼ͸ôǴֱʣǡʥ֮ˡһֻں쳾裬Ƹ̾
Ĵ䣬ĴܼǿߣԲ
֮ǰܾͨۻܣ䣬ķŴÿһ춼ڷı仯ԽǴʱãԽᵽı仯ƶȵӰ죬ĸı䡣
Ǵ׾ڣǸոռݵĽֻҪɳѹȥƶʩչȥҵľ˲ͻƽȥָƽԭɷ֮׷׶ɢȡ֮ģһȶĻķչֱ̫Ҫˡ
ռݵĴѾս١
Ǩƹȥİգǲȫµַٵľ󣬰Ƕµȫֳܸܵȵ顣
ûжԸֻûϣĻУ׵İȣΪġǶϧܿɹ
һĿ⿴գƳǣĿԵ临ӡ

쵰ȻˡȻԽȫŪߣô
ȴȫŴͣһŵ顣ƽŶԣǾ綾ûа취ɢŶԣ˭õһööӡЩԸѱˡֱ̫˼ˡ
ʲôǧů
ܲ˰
̣̫ģԴʧܵӣǴҶй˵Ҿܣʵǵо̫ƻս֮ﰡ̾ϢĿߣļ򣬻˵
һǶԴ׳ֱֹǿӲյģҲаʩչֶεģһ⣬ûлףôױøǿαΪһĺûᣬһɹԺ׸û뵽һзӲþ泹׷飬Ҳе룬˲
ָоǡ̫ˡ
ǿǾͷ߰ҹ磬ӵ޾֧֣Ȼκβһס
ֱһֳ衣
Ȼôҹ潻սڵĴ׾ʥͥҲϡáǣҹڻ첻֣û㹻硣
˵ҹҲ̫ƽ֪ʲôطðһصааУʮأݵʲôطҵһа񣬼аܽӡڰϣˣٴңഫаԸЩؼаħǿߡ
һͻȻ˵
˵аҲһء
Īðˣңһĵһ¾ɱѪħһⳤϣˣɹˡһʱа롣
ң£аί񣬲ǴɱѰ̽ջ޽ɣֻҪǮħ񶼸ɱһҹ綼Ϊ֮ȻңаԸؼǿߡʵһ֤ʵǿѰаҪУҪа񸴻ԼҪˡ
Ща񸴻Ķаħһʵǿ󣬶ңеӰӾˣÿһԴһƬټаĪ⣬ڣȫҲټֻܽаûа޷а̶ȵı֤аء
а׳󣬽δɱɹаӶʢ˵콾ǿ߶С
аһ仰ǾǣֻҪаȡûɲ˵ġµһʧܣҲɳǿǰɱֱΪֹҹУаҲʮֿɿܵܶ˵׷
Ǿãܷа´аǲǰɱ׶ԱֱӴɱʥ
ͻȻ
аǿ󣬾ӵаЩɱִ̿ͣͲڴɱˣҲܹƾаٴθܻȡףһ㣬аеĴ̿ͣɱȫǺηֻҪһᣬƴɱһеķ𹥻ʯҲϧ
еԳһ¡
ҲԵͷʾͬ
ֻҪһЩֵۣаȫǰһ˵ãʧܵĻԽаǣԴ׵Ӫ֮С
ȫһٶãֶΪ
ĴͷͬʱʾӦҲûвӦĵ
ǻٻġ
۵һ۴׺ٴ䲻


1970 ˴
˵ͷڰı׼ٴԴʱڷĴ鷳ָҲָһдǻϲģ˭ܸܵõ˸ͬܡĵ
˶ۣͻ¶Цݡ
ʮʮһʮ塣

һ죬߸ϵʥУһĳӡ
һȻ¡
ϣһԱ׷̤ݣǰ
ǰȺ棬΢Цŵͷʾ⣬ϣȺкˣÿһǺ棬˼ʲô
׳вûʲô飬Ⱥ֮䣬ֻûʲôԹԡǴ󳯻ᣬһҲֳʮֵĺĴףν˲żüá
УȺҶ
μʥʥʥ޽
гֺȺ֮
λƽ
׵ͷ
ʥѾȫƿأңʱҴ׵ͳΣѾģĴУԭȵգѾ֮УΪԺʼȡΪʿ´ϴ񣬶Դ׵ҳ޲ǼᶨơҴ׵ͳΣѾɺңһɨԭȵĻңָƽȣգ޲ǶԴףʥ蹦̵¡ʥʥ
ǰЦ˵
лССһƨ
һͳ򣬴νǳɱɱıԴǣô׾ڰȸԾı仯и蹦̵һС¶ѣҪǣǿˡؼġ
ʥ£ޣǱ׼ѪǣѪǣѾȫ黯ʵָİӣҪУѾôסֻǣѪǶرһ⻹Ҫе䡣
Ҳڻ㱨ѪǵĽչ
ȺѪȫĸǺҲһ¶Ц⣬ѪǾǴ׵һϡѪڣĲ˵¼䣬ûʲôϢǱ׾ڣһѪ磬ǴǰҲƿǴ׽
ľǴ׵
ʥַ
Ѫûг黯ʵ֮ǰԿ϶ܱ߽һаǱ׾ڡڸأʲô˭ֻҪЩС¡˴׵֪ͨŪһС鷳ѡжͿԡ
Ȼ֮ǳر飬ҪĽʿ
ѪϣÿǧһѪսսУפ׽ʿʮЩʿǴ׵ĳرسǣսֱ
ϣÿףһʿء
ÿսһսء
սڣдֻҪκս£˲Ϳͨ󣬵
ڣŵķΧֹҪĽʿǺġ
һʥģѾھսУдսãңԤÿ궼ڱĿȱ£ңЩ꣬ӻԾĽţЩŻͳһ֧ţһѪսû⡣δزӱΪ֮š
Ц˵
׵Ԥƶȣô׵ıԴûг⣬Щֱаɻս겻ڵ̸Ҫص󣬿ɴ׵İո࣬ս࣬פѪǣȫ⡣
ܺã֮ǰսפءѪǣԲκʧУѪǽ׼飬ȥԷѵķʽܣʥٳһ磬ʱҪپж٣ЩõļƷѪǿԻۣšȵҪʱһͷųȥܲҪһѪ޷ֽʹ
׵ͷ˵
ѪǵǱҪ׵飬Բ˿ķɡ
ǣʥģ׼Ѫǵ飬ûֹͣ
ЦŴӦ
ڱ壬ʲôǾһȺѪǵʳѣ˴š
Ǽֵ֮
Լ֪һܿĵġ
ʥֵ̽鱨ܱڵĽѾ̽һа˸ڡͯǰһֵõѶϢ鱨
⻰һȺʱ׷䣬оȫܱߵĽζʲôζŽҪķĿ꣬δĹѫǴδĽĳע˾͸ӹעЩϷĿꡣܲ⡣
İ˸򡣡
Ҳ¶Ȥѯʵ
ǿ϶ģȶڵľƣȻ˳ƶܱ߲šռݵĽȫռݡҪ֪ڴпӵǧ׵˿ڣôǷվҪף㣬Ϊ׳
ܱ߰˴򣬷ֱħ򣬿޽̩̹򣬽ʯɽ޽򣬷򡣡
ͯʿ˵
Щֵ̽ðΣգԽݣ̽鵽鱨ѾƳһֽͼѾ¼ڴײؾС
˴򣿡
Ⱥ۾ˡ
ܷϸһ°˴Ļ
ѯʵ
Ȼԡ
ͯЦ˵ħһħĴ˵ഫħõ󣬶ӵв˼ͨӣŸָ壬ˣ飬ˣ壬˵ȵȡ̽飬󲿷ֶ԰ɫΪǻɫҲ֮䣬򣬲ûȫͳһ
Щ鱨ͯȻ䡣˵
޽ΪŴ壬ң鱨еĻʨ֧˳ң˳ƷײͣѾﵽ۳ͳһҪռֻ²̫򵥡
̩̹弫̩̹࣬Ϊ𣬸̽飬̩̹һѾ˳гһԡ£̩̹һ壬Ѿ򣬲ҽ̩̹ʵǿСӡ
ɽУഫɽ֣֮أ棬Ŵ˳֮ϣ˳ţܾ˳˥棬ħֺУǿݺᣬԺ޼ɡһսԳǧѪɺӡ
޽УǿһӵռݣһھѪȴѾԼıԴѪʵǿᣬǿᣬѾƿضصĻ֮棬ȫһƹܡʵˡ
ԻΪ𡭡
УΪ𡭡
˴ͯʿ˵


1971 
ͯʵУȺһ˼ǾѪȣȫǽҵĿ꣬Ķ󣬽ҪƿڵĽѫĸڡ˴УѾͳһưĽҪռһ鷳Ľһս֮սҪвսĲݵ׼ʱ򣬽ҪдӲ̣Ѫ׼һ˵
ⲻǿЦصĸʮǿңռһǾ͸ӲܷȻ£ȴҲûһ־˱ᣬóһ
Ҫ֣ɵӣı
Ľ򣬱磬޽̩̹޽򣬷ЩҪмҴս׼ɽͳϽףݻȨ֮ϣ׻ƣħУȻаڰħ״ħɴڻУûȫͳһѶȣԴ󽵵͡
˵ϵսʼ
ǶĴս˳˳ս֮ս
񣬽гһͳȻùѶȴԣҪܿĹռҴ˿ڣе̣ȱľǵ̽򡣡
ϵͬ
Ԥ⣬ӵ峷磬´ȱشЩΪᣬȻ֮Уֻңֻгһһͳܿٲٷչʱ䣬ĲͬЩҪ꣬ǼʮͿһͳЩҪϰꡣ
⣬ʱ䣬ӦþǸƽȵʱΡ
ȻƽȣָһڲǶսĻȻС
ԣʱ䣬ġ
־֮ʿԣõŽ׶ΡͳһĽռݵֻʱƣԽһͳĽԽԽࡣʱѶȻ᲻ϼӴ
Ǵɳܴܲһɳ죬ǾͿ̵顣
е̣˿ڣ˲ţʱҪǲţǼֱǻ

Ϲ
һƿ֮С
ڴ׵ųɳ֮·
ţŽŲȻֹͣҲܼ꣬΢ΪĴɳȻѾվȽŸҪʱ䣬ȹ̣Ǹٹ̣ɶҡʱ䣬Ҫ굽һʱ䡣
Ϸ־ͻȻ˵
ռݲǸһ򣬽֮ȫƿУҪġĽ򣬲ΪṩԴԴϵİǳΪǣ
ϢǺбҪġ
ϷռֻһҪÿһɳǣزܱʩӰ죬ҲܶϿɡɳ⣬ֲҰУ̽鱦ءɳڵİգͬҪʱɳǿʱ䣬Ӧ㹻ʱ䣬ֵ˴̽߸ʱռݣ֮̽ı󶯡
׵ͷ
ٴζĻݶڰֹͣǲܵģǧ׵˿ΰãҪƽʱΣܵţֱ뱣֤䡣ͷ
ʥʥ
Ⱥ޵
ʥιĴУвйв֮ˡ磬Ҭ֣ңȴͷͶףṩڣǳͷ˵ͣջġڽ𵽼õİ
ëͻȻǰһ˵
ţͶҴףΪձȺ¹ѫҴȻ޶áλҪηһսйߡ׵ͷ˵
΢ãͣˣ֪Ҵ׶ԸͶǱֿĳģͬǧǣһߣȻҪͣңʹشšǴ׵ķƣΪǶġ
Ƴ˵
ʱĲáҪչֳ׵ȡ
ţ޲ɣʲôĹзͣλ䲻һ顣
еͷʾͬ
΢ΪʾٹͶϣ÷һƷ˳֮ݽͶϣ˵ķͣóһײ㣬뷷ĻԲ֮µľλзͣ磬֣д󹦣뷷ӾһƷӾҲ޷ˣӾһУȡƷƷ뷷⡣ǸԵʵƷ
ë쿪˵
ͶΪӾҲ൱ӵоλѾݵĹײ㡣ݵλˡ֣ԭȺݣܵõ뷷⣬ôҲӦõõ㡣
飡
Ѿ㹻ԳҴ׵ĳ⣬顣
΢ͬ
Ⱥ׷ױʾͬ׵ľλûôۡ
ţȻˣȳλ³̣ٳ飬µⶨ׵ͷ˵ûڸʵµҲǵͬڸΨеߣɽ롣
λ䣬죬ʥͬ
Ц˵
ȹʥԣ
Ⱥ˵
ּ
׵ͷ漴һ֣һԵĿ˵
ǣʥ
ǰʥּʥּ򿪣漴
ˣʥԻ΢ĩ壬ԡѪɱʼҵȺѪ£ܿ˳Ⱥ͸ߡѫ׿Խɲͣش뷷λٹ⣬ͬͬݣ١
ʥּڳлصͬҲн򴫲ȥǻҰɳǣ
ʥּʥҪ뷷ȺΪཫˡ
ǰǴн죬еλ˿ǹûģλΪѪսɳټĽ򣬸÷⣬ȷʵӦ÷Ӧõġ
ڴͲ֪һܵõʲôľλ᲻˳ΪҪ֪ǴУԾ⹫򣬷Ǿ
ʱһȣʮֵڴ
ʿҲǰйע
׵ķǿҪİ֮һܹġǿԴȥġԼҪҲҪڵĴȺ˭Ȣӣмҵ
˿пڷȻȺҲһȡ˵Ǽٵġ
ңǾϲû뵽л
ǸԵĹѫͬʱ۳ϵӦѫ֮ǰλ鶨ѫһλϵ
λУо蹦ѫһ򡣿ɽƷоƷоټѫƷоҪ뷷һƷоҪʮѫ㡣
ӾʮѫΪƷӾƷƷʮ򡣽һƷӾҪʮѫ㡣
ʮѫΪƷƷʮƷӶʮ򣬽һƷҪǧ˰ѫ㡣


1972 
һ֣ǧ˰ѫ㣬ܽһƷ֪ⲮλãжҪǾҪгĹѫݣǵλȺ𶯣ľ
׵ľλԲʲô۵ķ͡
м˵¾ߣ÷ǧѫ㣨ɷƷʮѫ㡣һƷҪһǧ߰ʮѫ㡣
⹫һǧѫ㣬Ʒһѫ㣬һƷҪʮǧ߰ѫ㡣
ڷ֮λҪʮڹѫ㣬Ʒѫ㣬һƷҪʮǧѫ㡣
У
ȺʼǿЩҲɵõһԽľλҪĹѫԽߣңҪĹѫҪϷһջ
ͬⲢ赲Ⱥȵġ
Ȼ࣬ȴǿǿõĽݣֻҪӵô๦ѫֻҪԸ⸶ѫǰһǾͿԷǷֱӸˣֻҪֻҪ¹ѫǹ֮λڵ㣬֮λ룬ңɼǿԴõ
ȫǻһ޴ζɿڵĵǰ˶ܿĵ
ջûܹ׵ֵס
ȺΪ֮ĶӲҪ˵Ǵ䣬Ǵ֮⣬ȻͻӵĶӵҪҪĹѫΣվǿĵվϣż֪
һԱȣԸϣǵż
ͺñڣȺܷ⹫Ŵײţսվ¹ѫĻᣬھУγûս
һ뷷⣬λǸ汾һ·Ŀ֮ԣҪλĹѫ͵Ǳһ⡣ȫҾ֮֡
Ц˵
һģ޲Ǹ漸ʮϳǷУѾһˡôҲҪʾʾȡѫǸǵͷ͡׿ֻֻһΡڽ󣬷ԣҪѫﵽȻþλ
лʥ
ȺлҲǸжѡ
뷷ƳΪһƷͲӡ
ʥּһΣ뷷⡣뷷£ȻܿгַڷйâתȻֳƳ֣ţһöͭӡڻƳСӡֻмСУպð棬ңдСͨ
Ƴӹ漴ͿʼССɵ׹һ㣬ֱӱ䣬ΪΡ棬Σݵ
Ƿ
վλͬӡҲͬоΪľӡӾΪӡΪͭӡΪӡΪӡΪӡľݵĲͬһ㣬עڴзҡ
ܵ׷
뷷ҵΪƷͺӡ
йâһһöӡ֮ҵСͬΪһö׹䡣ܿ΢΢ЩķˡҲгΪ֮ҵһ졣
ָоһ־ȥҲϴӦԥѡȥ
ʿΪ֪
ȺǺȻ𶯡
ȻƷǷˣǺ֮λңǿƾ蹦ѫġֻҪѫϣǿһֱάֺ֮λҡǺεȵҫ
׳գ׳գҡ
֮Уշ׷¶һĽı飬ȴûмʣҵӦõģǵд΢ĩһʬɽѪɱĿϷ֮λ
ķˣʥ˵ϷϷ
ǿ߰Ծ̾Ľ
ҲҪξײξãԤۺתΪʽˡлսܽ˵ϷҲлΪоӾ
ұжȡŬξΪ
а¶ġھλĿȻޱǿҵģһӵоλݶᷢת䣬ܵõĽĿ⣬
ھսУʿһƬȡ
Ϸ룬Ҳܷ
ȻڴףУܵõлḣˣǲǹҫ棬һӵҫ
´γսһҪĹѫ
ʿ¶ġ
뷷ݼ̹ΪƷͺӡ
ʥּ뷷ڼ
һ뷷ⲻЩߣǾеľųǵħսսҹսĸųѫĹף뷷ƷƷƷ֮λ
ھǵҫ
ͬһƷ֮λΪ
ﵽһƷͷšһƷ֮£ͷ⡣Щƹܾ󣬴ľһţ˿Ϊȫ
ڼһƷǺ
һ뷷ĺν൱ˡ
õ뷷ߣ޲ϲЦտֿ˻ָˣȫ޷εġ
׷Ӵǿ֮ģףҰЩʿܲƴЧ
ڴеܣҲǰԸ̾һʵǸ
ʿҲĹĵģֻǲģʿУȻǶеĶȤɴײͨ˳ʿ˳
Ա䣬صĸǿߣԲ

һ뷷⣬ϰλкܶûֱڷѾӵ֣õ뷷⣬þӡݵλȷɵġ
֮
󣬴һϲ¡ʥٴεһʥӣĸǹǧ壬Ҳõϴģ˺һ̽طϣһȻһǧȡƵ
ʷټأʥʮһʥӣƵʣϴ񣬾ģܹ׽ط򣬿׽˺һһǧʮʮһʮĸǧ
󣬹леŮûжƺŸеĺӳһôģȻǿ֪ġ
û죬֣֥˵뷷֮´
־ھеļ󺣵׷׼Уսµʼ޾йҲŵֻҪвܣδʱǿΪȷ棬սչֲܣлղԼ޾֮һų֮λܲȥǾͿԼıΡ
ܲӱ
ܣҲֲñˡ
ģЩĴ溣ЩĲƸ
һƿغ󣬾칤ܹɽǰ̽оҪҳЩ溣İأܷ죬Ǽȡеľ
ʱɿ졣
ڳϦ֮ʱٴξ磬ƣƺƽ֮У׽ٶʢչţĩУʱʮһꡣ
ʱ䲻ǰ
֮Уÿ춼ڷ仯ռݵĽǰһºͺһ£ȫ췭ظı仯ɳɳı仯ͬ޴


1973 
ɳ⣬ƬﱻѳŸףֲߵȵƷĵش󣬽ˮʩʣϺ棬ݵȵȣ޲ǵӦ֡У˶۵Ĺʵգա
յϲãܹжһС
ڣ¼׵İգѾӦ׵ÿ֣ѧһżգĥգԼ˵Ұȵȡ
ʵȤ
ĻУ뷨룬ܹлʵ֣ԭҪģڶԳȥǰϲãѧһżպʼļսС
ôаٻţͬټǻ۵Ļ𻨳֡
Ӧ󣬾Ǳ顣飬δ顣һǿΪʿͨȫͬĸܣһɱ䣬
ɽ̫֮۷̫ҹɽ̫֮۷̫»ꡣֲϱǿĸоںܶ˵ֱɾ
ΪƷûĿѣŸĿɹлУΪʿÿһϧֻᣬھԼŬ׳
һ仰ǾнǿϢ
һ仰˲Ϊ
仰һֱװշΪԣ𣬾ͱҪĵ飬ԶǡҪǿϢҪԼ֪ŬΪԼǿǾԱԹñˡ
ǿѧϰѧϰ׵֣ϰסҰܱ̽
ÿ춼вһķ֣ÿ춼ܿɳУָָ̾¥һյģѡڵ̯ѡ񿪵̣ȥѧãԺѧϰ
ﶼҪѧϰ
ѧϰļɣʩʣ֣棬ֲЩѧģũҵˡ
̶̼ʱ䣬ѾȫϿɴףϿݣԼһˡΪ˶ԺУдŮɻɼҡǻС׹ͬ¼׺󣬸ҪһּңһָļСʲôǼңҲǶŮ
ԣʱԽڴףͻԽӵӵϿɡ
ڶԣҪЩ뿪׵Ļֻ´ǶԸ⣬ЩĴеԭס񣬸ᵽе
ɳǶڱ仯øӷ١
ɳгֵָ̣Ǹּյ˲ţϷḻŸɳǵزɳʿ׷׿ʼַ١
ͬʱһɹ˲ڣڡ̶̼ʱ䣬ԭΪĵˣѾֲﵽǧ˰ɵ͡
Ĵȫ½ٷչı仯֮󣬽ٶȾͻƽȡ׵ˣɲֻԴڴ׾ڣңÿʱÿ̶˴˷۶ǻͨҪȻҲֵز
һʱ䣬ǴϢٷչʱ̡
Ѫڣ޷׾ڣУһƬƽȣҰеȫԴڳðͷɵӣ˭֪ðͷǾ͵ûͷ
ƽȵĻ£Ҫչ춼ѡ
ͬʱֵ̽Ͻܱ߰˴н̽Ѽ鱨ԴԴϵ鱨ٴݶ߸߸еʿҲڵһʱз
Ϣʱ˴򣬲Űûжս֮ǰ鱨Ϊȡ
ԣ׳пûκиڸת
֮ǰķڴȺĴ̼ɲһĴЩӵоλĳ߳ȥֻҪŵľӡܶͨյĿͻýȻͬĽݵȣ
ֱ𾴵ĸогҲһǿҵĸд
ȻûƮƮҲȷʵʧȥָо
޴ڣҲʹ˽
ʥС
ͻȻħƽ硣
ƽӵһţ˿̣Ź㳡ǰȻܿһ̶֧֧ЯŴƷ̤УʧΪߣǡ
Ϊ̺ѸԴѾʼóס
ЯŸָʡ
߽ͨɳĮţ߽ڰšţѩҽԭڵ򣬸˵дɣǼ壬ԭȶһһںУݱһ棬ɶС
֣䵱ɽüңɵȵȡνǶ಻ʤУںʱضԸ书ݱ䣬ÿһ书伮ı䣬ͺñȿ棬ҲߵľΪɱĹܶƷ׶ߡ
ЩԭȵĽɣһ˵ǱӵгΪǿߵĿܡ
ɣȱٵ̣ȱٵǻᡣ
ûƣƾеĵ̣ǿߵĿޱȾ޴ߵ⣬Բκͨѷɫӿ£һ򷨣һɽӡ˿񻰡
УЩɵʵǿʯͷӡÿһ棬ŴͨˣЩɣѷɫֻҪǳʱ䣬ȫгΪǿߡ
˵УжܵϢǹ¶һˣȢӣ壬ʲô˭֪ϾǼ׺Ҳûٷعڣ֪ƻΡ


һ޴½أƬ½أ֮ΪԪ½½ȻŴ飬壬壬壬岿䣬Щ䣬ͬʮǿ󡣻ħֹ֡Ĵڣ
嶼Ǿסڴկ򣬳ǳ֮СҰΣգǴկڣʱпܳħ֡ûΣԵĿܶ൱
˿̣Ұ⣬һƽ̹ĿյϣֻһصĹƾճ֣źܿ۳ʵʡâ˸䡣ܿһֻӴп
ĳӣ˵ҲԻĿ̺źģֻҪιңеۻʹ硣ľͿһֱȥڴУ֮Ϊ滹вͭ
õǲͬĲϡ
ĲϣԸĵرϳɵĶرġƷʼߣﵽƽ׼ƷǻƽףһԣǾǼӲʮֵļӲǳҲ˰Ȼ޸Ĺ̲죬Ҫִûа취޸ģҪһĲϲС
ַƷʮּ̣ƽƲ׶ѽơײϣѾǷҲ˵һܶԲشˡȻˣѡΪ޵Ĳϣʮܵ


1974 ұ
ĲƽޱȣܳشĻЩȡģȻӦĻֻװĶͨĻô﷨Яģһֻװش֮ҪڷڻϣǾΪҪø˿ġҪ󶯾Ѹ֪Լ̶֪ӡ
ĳӣϰ
ƹ񡣡
ѩҳ̶ǰ̶Ա׷׿ڼ
רͽˣеĻֵ̽С
ţöӦѾ򣬾һ½ͲǵĿľ£ȴȻȥ̽ѶϢߣǵҳ
ѩЦ˵
һ֣ѩеѾҳ
漴һֻֻӥЩӥҲǻĻޡжصװãԽӥľ󣬴ݵУܹʱصļʵܱߵ
ӥգܿҵĿꡣ
ʮ⣬һկ
ʮ⣬һǳأǳء
ʮ̽鵽岿ټ

һϢٻ۹ӥڿУ̽ѶϢֱ̫ɣ̫ˡ
ȥȥկȻȥǳء
ѩ׵ͷ
ӿʼǰܱߵͽвǧˣÿһǸ֣ͽеǿߣ֪ҪģȻǸ֣߹ֻңҲеǿߡ˭Ҫ̶ӼʶʶȫµĽ˵Ϊ¹ѫʱлǶһ챦
կ
կǰһʯʯϺȻдż֡Ҵ塣կӵһܿһֽͭĿʯ󣬿ԵõͭƷ׻ƽƷֻǲߣֻСͿƽʱկлǹȥ
ӵ˿ǧˡӵһ֧ӣ𱣻կд¹ɮءҴĴկǿ򣬵Ȼⲻ޳ģҪṩӦǮƣͺñɮһµķþһöҡ
еĻҡ
˵ǸţɣһĻңֻ˾ʯһ˿ԴصĽƣңҿΪΪҲԽҿٻָĵķԸӳ־õĽս
ԣУ˵ǵһңңоͨҵļֵȻȣѣǽʯɾңĻҡҲ棬һͨ
֮⣬лһֻͨǾҡ
¯ңֻҪԸ飬޷ȣڲͨ˶Ծûκεֿ
ڵĻңߣ屶ÿһʮĶһͨңǾʯĥûκΪңΪһڤҲһöҾܶһһǧöҡ˵ڸУϲңӲͨ
ʮ־ˡ
е飬޲ӵҶԺ֮֮

ӿٴҰҰдڵݣħ֣ĿóӵĹģǧͽ˺󣬺ԥѡҿֻһЩǵ޳ӣ׾ͱɱһѪҲ˿еʳ
ʱѾҴ塣
ʲôˣǺҴ壬ֹ
ڴկѲӵĻӵһʱ䷢ֳӣæںֹͬʱҲʮ־ȣ˹ģһ֧ӣ˶ĻֱǴûмЩһǺݳޣܱ򣬿ǼûмֱЩųӻҪ
Сֵܣѩе̶ӣ;󱦵أдຣɻ䣬ҵȥѩЦǺǵ˵ּɢһ׺
Уʲô
Ҳһ֮ʹϲҪ֪կҪȥǰɲףҪðżΣա̶ӹȻٺò顣
ѩԵҩҩΪȻһЩͨҲ٣磬ѩΣѩǣʳȣᣬƥ£ֹߣǹ伮ԡ
ѩЦǺǵ˵
ѩȻԵҩΪҲ漰οָոսĽκλﶼЯһЩվдԱ֤вҲȫ档
ͺñСկկòϵҩȴҪʡ
̫ˣȥ֪ͨϡлϲܽУĺ֪ͨҸ̶կҪʵģҪץ硣
򿪣λ׸ѡ
ѩЦǺǵһ֡ʱͿϵĳһмֱ¶һܣİڷŸָƷĿƷӦоСһȥ۾һ
󣬴կկŴ򿪡
һտ˳Ϊ׵ģȻһӣϴ׺ͣЦݵǰ˵ǺҴĴ峤޴󺣣̶ҺҴ壬ʵ̫ˡ
дŻϲ
ĴկȻڸʻʮȱġƽʱȥһ˲ף󣬶ǽƷдȻרǰйһ̶ӳſڣȫ嶼ϲ⡣
޴峤ģеǡѡۡ
ѩЦǺǵ˵
˿̣ѾΧųӲ鿴ʱķ
쿴Σô׵ΣǰɴûпҲ̫˰ɣһʶûУνѩΣʵѩһס
ǣѩǣ̫Ưˡ
ﻹʳͷװĶʳ𡣡
ӣֱ̫ˣҶܿԼӣϵĺëɼ̫Ưˡ
һԷǰЩֱǰ֣۾ƲвƥĲƥǿϻҪá
һѩΣ۸Ϊöңһѩξʮöҡô¡
ҲǣһϺͷҪöҡ
ԪһöҪöҡ
дע⵽Щļ۸ңƺ֪ͬ
λףҪ˵һ¡λ뿴
ѩЦóһöӲӵң˵һöңɫΪɫҲ֮ΪңΪ屶ֵأ㡣ڲ⡣ֱӷѣΪȼ۵ҡ
£һҡ
֮ͿһУһöѾѿΪʮöҡͬԲڷֻǣڴСϣԸоԱҪСһȦһ㡣ɣɾףϲ


1975 
ҾıٿңԼѣΪͭҡ£ʮöѾٴηѣÿһöѳʮöͭңһöСٴСһȦԲڷ棬ͬľ˸֮ͭ⡣
ͭҿɾңԼѣΪҡһöʮö
ѩҼʾͭҲѳңСһȦͨɫΪɫɢڵľӨ⡣У羧ײһ𣬷
ҿһöңѳΪһǧöҡȻǻںϡ»ΪңҲҡ
ѩЦ˵
£һöö໥ںϣΪͭңٻΪң۳һöҡ
ṇ̀ˮĿ
£жһı䡣̲ѣֻĸǮиһƶѡһһҼֵ̫ߣ屶ͨĽУᱻʹõ覴ãõơϵ£ռݸֽ׶С
Ӵ֮ҽ׸Ǵϵ£ײ㡣ʵ£ǲܼѣѾûˣռݴ屶Ѿ㹻ѹһлҡ
˵һؼлңһ־޴ĳ
ңҲڻУռݸķݶ
Ȼ𣬼ֱ̫ˡҸұֻ൱еҡҲ˵һѩҪöҡ
Ҵдۡ

Ȼˡ
ѩһѩΣԼǰԵĴΣȫرЩ壬УҲδܳԵõѩΡΪѩΣǿɲöж̫ˡȵҰҲ̫ˡǿɴûпĻҡ
ж١
ʱһɮҲ̶ǰָĵҩ¶ȵĹâΪֱܴϵȵ鵤Ҫûе
ÿһƿʮöÿһöҪһöҡһƿĻԱһ㣬öҡѩеƹ񿪿ڽܵѩеϱСԵҩңǴӴ򱦵֧ȡģƿƳģȻûеƷ鵤
ĵҩȻܴ֮ǰʹһ֤Խ˴򿪾档
һƿȻҪǧöҡɮҲǳţ̲סľ۸񣬾ԲˣǺ޵鵤Ҫ۸㲻Ϲ󣬷κεط˵
ѩǴðģңܴ˶ĵҩǴ˵еʮɵ֡ɮȻľóöңһƿתȥûãһֻƿѸٷߣȥķ򣬺Ȼڵλá

˵н򣬿ʼ£ȴ˵һ죬ҵС
磬Ҫһˣôʱ䣬֪ôˡ
̿˵
֮ǰŵʱҪҵУҵĸȴɵеˡһֱԼչмӵʦʦʦǡ
˵ѾӵдŵǿȻҪؿһ
ɽ
ЦЦ˵
Ҫ˵ŵĻֵģǴϻȡĽ꣬ΪӦĲǱģģبŴ½ҲبŽɽʹبŽ֮ڡ棬Ŵʥءӵܣһɽǳɽ⣬һƬɽ
أǰκʱױȵҪλഫأഫǻָͥĴ˵޲Գصأصΰ
Ҫһ㣬ҪǣɽبŴ½ġ
һʿ˵ǰبŴ½֪һ׵飬ܶʱԼĽУһӣɳ뿪ԼĽ
ഫͥبŴ½ϣͥͥͥͥبŴ½صĺĵشبŽȣУƧ
˵ʵڣвûдǰبŴ½ϾبŴ½ڶ̸࣬ڣ˭֪ӵжǿߣĴܣǲһĳִµУֻ֪ôġȻʵ㲻УԱûġ
ҲԲǰûǣͷϻоڰл˭֪ǲǻͻȻ裬ֱӶԼ֣ҪʱһжˡҪУҲǷǰ
ţλȥҲʦţܷǲһЩǿ߼׵뷨Уӵһڣ̺Ŵ伮ȥ󣬿ѡ¼һ֡ҲԷḻһǴ׵Ĳؾ󡣡
Ц˵
ڴĿøֱ仯ǶܰҵһƬ˼ǽʵĻϣʵԴǸֹ伮Ǵ׵ĵ̣Ҳ伮ĳ̶ֳϣһĵ̣һĵ̡ͺñڵĴףÿ춼µĵ伮ղڲؾС
мţдǣμǣйȵȣЩδĲƸκνǮҪ
еĵ伮Ҫ̫࣬ܶѾʧĵ伮ղأкܶ಻漰ϵĵ伮࣬ңܵӣֵߣۿ˲࣬ǣȴҪЩ伮Ѱĵ伮ģ̺ǻۡ
ԣһҾһȥÿһֱţУɽҲǺܺ档ЩҪȥݷһ¡еȻһЦ漴ͷӦ
һ䣬һѾ˳
źһǰħƽ硣󣬾ͿһšبŽ򣡣
ߣ
һ䣬Ѿһ̤ͬС̤ȥܸо·һޱͨндܸоƺԵʮֵ·ܸоʱš
Щַ·ֻһִ
֪УǰâһѾͨп˳
ŨԪȻѾﵽԪĲΡ
̤˲䣬ܹĸоԪʵ̫ŨˣŨͬԪϸоȴ֣ᷢûдﵽԪʮֽӽ·һֶصǷ򣬽Ԫѹ˴󲿷֡
ңԪУһصϢϢһĸо
磬ɽʦ˵ɽУ̺һɽеԪУ̺Ŷص֮˵ʺκ飬κգңо޴ôԿǣΪޣޣҲɱ
̿˵


1976 ϲ
ΪӵɽűΪ֮磬֮ޣޣҩΣգҲ޷ÿһƬ򣬶клѲģΪĳͻ᲻ͬ
ͺñڴ֮УȻ׶˵ؼѵõķʥأҵĺõطɴڵ֮£ͬ٣ÿץﷸҲͽС
磬ġ
ȫģǾ˵ȥҲû˻š
Ѳ⣬
һ㣬дûйһУֻԶԣǺõģŬģʥͥмֵġ
ӵɽɽ֮磬Ȼ鴫
׵ͷЦ˵
Ҳ˲׵ĸйۡ
̽ȥȻܿɽУ֣޷Ī⣬˭֪УһƬɽ֪Ŷٵɽ翣ɾһɽ֡
ɽʤͬһڴ󡣺ޱߣ˭޷ĵɽжɽںһ𣬾ԲǰʵɽܱȡЩɽ壬ƣεض𣬸߲ʡ
ÿһɽ֮㡣ÿһеıأʥء
ɽ磬κһŴԴȥᣬȥƴ츣أǡٴθۣ̾һۿȥ㱦ء˸о˼顣
磬ɽʦżأޱߣŴɽЩɽÿһдССģҲܿ챻ռݡ˵ӵһɽΪ֮أҲҪﵽŵĲΣʸɽš
̿ڽ˵
ţУҲҪһλ񾳵ǿߣҪĵͳСңռݵɽλãֻɽԵλÿšͬʵԽǿռݵλþԽá
Ŷ಻ʤңɽвƽͣŵŸ𣬶֮ѹֻҪǵŭԹһǲġ
ţӵе̨ǿ˵ǱŸĵ̡еƾãУҲĲΡԽΪţɱ֮ǿһ˶ԸǡɽΧУ൱ŵҲܵء
ȻĶţǴɽڻҪУҲҪﵽŵĲΣʸ㡣ʥؼĴС
ৣৣৣ
ʱֻһƿ
̧ȥܿһնУ̤졣ĳȥһɷǣ㱼䣬һ硣
ףţ̫ţţǬţôͬʱ֣ǰķ򣬺ǳŶȥгʲô˰ɡ
̧ۿ¶һ˿졣
ϵķϣѾϳЩ˵ЩɶǸǣšЩݵλʵѷɫ
ۼһ𣬻Ŷȥ°
ߣǹȥ֪ˡ
ЦЦʾ
ţ磬
Ҳûгɣ漴ǰ·
ǴϻȡģλòɽʮֽӽţλòԶڴУһƣƣͨ˸ϻ֮⣬ƯңɢһƮݵϢϣνλϳˣңٶȼ죬˵ƣٶҲǳ˲Ϣڻ¡䱾͵챦ں֮
ڼ̾ʮֵϲѾӽ鱦
ǽȻһ¥
磬쿴ǰˡ
ûãָ̾ǰ˵ϵЦͬǷĵġ˼ʮ꣬Ѿ˸飬οУҲûܵί
۵ͻǶиġ
Ȼŵפأȷʵһϵɽ
̧ۿȥҲɰ̾
ɽ£һ޴ʯϸֳ֡ɽɽɽƣʮ־޴ɢŨŨϡ
ܿɽǰȻһɾֱͨɽ֮ϡ
ŵĵӣֱշУǲҪɾһ·߹ȥ첻һȻܿɽǰʿ˳ɾʵǶϡ
ɾǰȻŷεĵأǰʿ΢Цŵͷʾ⣬ƺһϲ
СӣСӣôֵɽţô£ôһôˡ
̴ɾǰ£ǰӣЦ˵һ߽Уգգ۾¶Ƥ֮ɫ
ʦ壬ˣ̫ˡһСӵĵӿ̣ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ¶ɬıʦ壬ܲܲҪСӣǴⰡСӣн̫õġ
ǰʦ壬Դ˱ȡºţڿǲ֪Ц˶ٴΡʦ壬డ
СҲ˵
֮ɫΪ£ǶڵЦˡ
˵ţᶼҪˡ
ˣˣôǾø׽ǼȻ飬ǾˣԺҪʲôöģɱʦĲǡ
Ц˵
ôءոնǿЦģʦģԶߵСӡ
ҲԶʦߵСӡ
ɫʱһ䣬æ˵
ǱͲҪһˡƽʱ̣ǵõĺôɲһ㣬ǶܳԵĶǶԲЩôȣ˵ǽСˣССӶû⡣
ЦҲɫѯʵô£ôôʿǰ
ʦʱʦʦףšҲҪ֪ͨʦģֻڴʥͥУҪȻףû֪ͨ
Сʮֻ飬˵
ʲôʦʦҪˣǵģôҪҲ֪ͨңҪλǴˣ֮䣬Ӧóˣǰԥԥģλ֪˭ƵĽ֡
ʮֺ棬һȤ
Уߵֱ̫һѾӲţΪ̣࣬ΪһµȻֵĵӡֺģ洫ţĴײ㡣ÿһõԴӶǽȻͬġ
һҲнĿռ䡣
ЩԽķ׳
дԵһԣֻһֱ֪ΪʲôʼûʽףΪ¡û뵽ڽó
粻ɡ


1977 
ʿ˵ֲ˵ʲôҲ˵ʲôﵽһΣӵмǧʮ꣬꣬ǲǺ۵ʱ⣬˵ǾǸոʺϳ׽䡣ȫǷ绪ïһ㶼ֵ֡磬ϲƺȣҴȥǿʱ򡣡
Цݵ˵
ʦ壿һλǡ
ӿУ¶һ˿֮ɫܸһԾͲһˡң˲²⣬ֻǣûеõ֤ʵѡ
һλҸ硣
̲ûʾֱ˵
磿ʥ֮ͥʥ
˾̲סһеľȫԱġ̵ݣȻ˲֪ģ֪뷷Ϊ׳ӵ˳˼Уֱһǧ̶̼ʮʱ䣬Ѿ׷ϴʮǿߡ
ԣУһʮĴڡ
˭־ηиȨߣһ࿴кܶӲУһԣȻ̲ûЩΪ顣ҲԵܺõԭ֮һ
ڲ̻ˣȻˡ
˭Ǵʥ֮ͥ˵еʥ
˭óȻжƽˡڣǵŵӣʱͨ˲֪Ҫٱܿѹסĵľȡ
漴ŵ⣬Ź𻪣ʥ
ɫ䣬һ˿˿ݴ˵ǰʥֱӴŴɱҹսľˣɱȥˣܻŴ뿪ʱ򣬲ûΪ񻰴˵η
ͷѶţ֪ͨţӭʥٴ˵
ȻеǰȻҪڳӦ̬ҪȻǾԽˣȥŵ涼ᶪЦ
ãȻҸȥͺáΪҸһ̫һɾ
Ц˵
˵һ֣ɾ
ô졣
С໥һۣûн̵Ļ棬ţҪȵǳУҪˡ˵ᱻ
磬̫һɾ൱ģɾ΢尵ɣҲŵΨһ·ǰ·һΪпڽܵ
һУ䡣
ҲЦݡ
˴źǾŮ񡣻ɽĴػ޵½ᣬޣӢУഫŵĵͳŮйء벻ǣ֪ˡ
һһ˵
˵žסӴǰ֮˵ĳء
о췿ʦǵǻƵڡ
Уд̨Ÿ͡ɽ֮Уʵ̫ˡƺΪס޳ҩӡʳҲڴ˴ƺֱ̨ͨܿޱƺڱá
ɽϻ齣ڽ潨˼ȣеӻڹ֮֮ǳ콣̨羰أһȣһẮ콣̨С·ֱͨء
ȷʵѵõŸأ̺ŨҲҪǿѡЦŸ̾ſ˵ϱˣһһľɾžӪĴ֮أͺñԺţΪʥء
ҪǨɽڻ֮УҲͨİǨǽɽһŲƹȥҲɽиõֶΡǨǨƵɽɽӦλú󣬵õȻٴǱø죬һɽᵽһɽȫѡ
֪УѾɽ֮ϣ̧ۿȥһ顪֡

ڣһ
һһ
ͣЪ
ŵʲôˣȻŵŶԷݵ󡣡
ҵ죬ͬΪŵƽԵҲֻһΣȴ
ӭӣֻҪݵ˵ִŻ졣ÿһĲͬݵĲͬŵӲͬ
˭
ðһʡ
Ȼܿ׼࣬Ѿ˳ǰ˴ĶȻǰʿע
һ̫һɾ
ʱͿӰȻǰһɫװһֹӰһɫ۵ӣȴһ˵ζֻоһۣһַģеľη볼ʶİһݡ˿Ĳ
ʦ㡱
ʦ壡
ӡ
̺󣬺ܶ˲˳Уڣͬʮ
ʦôԹˣ˵Ҫ̫ŵ𡣡
̿æǰ˵ɫ仹ܿһַĵĻϲʮûĺܡ
⺢ӣǰܲӭӣȥһ֪Цſһ̣Ȼйһţӭʥ
ӭʥ
Яͬļ
ֱš
ܵĸʿ׷¶һ֮ɫͲ֪ʱŴȫϲ£
ʥ
ƺ뵽̵ݣһģﻹ᲻֪ǰ˻˭
ʥ֮ͥ˵еʥС
ֱǲ˼飬ȫ˵
Ǻǣλ̫αһʦſѣ粻ɣպеѽΪ£Ҫǲֱϲƣһ죬شλĴæݱ񣬲ɾ⡣
Цóһֻϻһ嵥ֱӵ˹ȥ
ʥ̫ˡ
æЦ˵Ҳʾ¼񵥵ĵӽӹϻ嵥
ʥ࣬Ϊ£ͺһ׽ҩףףĽףסף߽׽ҩݡҩɽ߽ǿߡ
ö
Ǽ¼񵥵ĵҲ𴫳񵥣ڿϵĺڲ
ʲôĺкУǶռͷ
ҩֱӽһͨˣӺΪһ·߽ףҲ龳ΡʣǱ֤龳ǿߡңӸ»ˡεȵı󣬼ֵͥѷɫ
һĺ
ܱ߱ͣ𵴡
ΪеĴֱʸеľԽӵ룬ʥͥ˾˵ĵô
˶лʥ񣬿롣
Ҳæнȥ
˾ʹˡ
еȻһЦ׵ͷƽ˽ȥ
Ųû˿ľηͬƽ֮ҡ


1978 
Ѿר׼þϯϲȻԶȷҪĶ࣬õⶼϵ⣬̺ŨӪӵζɿڣ⿵ĳʦͬǼո߳ɫζȫͬһҿųʳ֮⣬ʳָ󶯡оƣƿɲһ㡣һƣǧꡣ
ȥʲôΪܸܵһƮȻΣĶظоͬڻþУ˲ʿԣֱĸд
һʢ磬ȻǱǰƣҲ΢Цź¡
ʳϸǲɢԽĻƷζʳζȡԪڲңΪɽУȡԪУ̺֮ķȸ󡣶ңѪиһƽʱûеĶػԣ׳ĲͬвͬЧ
ܲ
ҲɰԵͷʾ̾ɽȻǵܹܵŵϲⲢûɵģûеġ
ΨһϧǣֻǷȻû𣬿ǣӵΪȥɲʱ۳֪ͬġܹƷʳζ
ݵλе֮Ȼʮ֡ϣʳˮνǱʮ־ġһЩʿϯ֮󣬷׷ȥûʱһݹš
ʥȥ
һŮߣ˵
ãǰ·
еȻһЦƽ˵
Ů£һ̧ۿһ£ҡ鹬
߽УȻܿУվŲٵʿܿÿһλȨأģǵ֮
ʥ
Щʿн󣬷׷׹ּ񣬿ں
ʥñΪһǰģܱ߸еƽ̣ʥǰɽ󣬷׷ǰǽƽ̣һλ̫ƽ̣λƽ̣һλǬƽ̡
нܵ
ǰƽ̣¼ʮλ
ÿһλٶŵƽ̣λȨأһϡ
ֻǣЩϣǰȫûκã¶һֲľη
ʥͥʥͥеʥǻҪ߳ʥһ
ܲأҲء
ʱǱϹϾ˿и
λƽһǰҲһΪݶѡеȻһЦƽ˵漴һڴ˵˵ȴû˻
λƽǰһҪʥҪ˽һ´ʥͥҵŵ̬ȡϾģţʿΪΪһʥͥһ˳غˡ
ҲûгɣżɽĽλƽǰĿ˵˳
ΪʥͥռݵĵλȻӹɵġ޿ңݴͥдϢڲӣңӵԭйء֪еҪԡ
˳Ȼϵһд֡
վһӡ
Ҵռ򣬲嫺ձȺħӵ˿ʮףҴ׵ĹߣɳѹҰΪ岢棬ÿɳǣѹԲǧ񣬴׾ڣ٣һжѾ죬վ
Ц˵ڴ׵򵥵˵һ顣
˵׶Ųûκε⣬ŻħţֻҪشɷԹ档ɳ⣬еǻҰеɽפزɳڣˣɽɳǣ¼뻧Ϊһжһͬʡ
м˵
׶ţûʲô࿴ȲŵӸ߸ϵƢҲԴѹſյӣװԸţȫû⣬˭ֻǣŵӸûȨһͬʣҪΥɷҪѹΣǵɱ
һ仰ҪԣҲ׼ԼλõĻǾֱȥ
λƽжǰһݣеĻеǱ̨ʡش󡣴£һͬʣطǾˣطǾǵˡ
һЩ׵飬Ҳѯ˸ŵһЩ顣
֪У˫һ˽⡣
ͻȻ䣬Ц˵αʥǷǰûЯ̫ȻλƽλҲ嶰еĵ̡ȻûЩ¯͸λƽ̣Ȩճ֮
˵ţּ䣬Ȼܿһ¯ǰЩƽ̣Ҳ⡣ʮڴУӳһƬ⣬ֽ̻Ի͵ĸо
Ǵ˵е¯˵һҪǧҲлṺڸ򣬶ϡȱޱȣֲܹϣӦҡ
⡭Ҳ̫ˡ
һƽĿ£۾ð⣬ⶫǣǮ򲻵һ֣ͻᱻֲǡ
ҳΪҺλѾı䡣
ԣ¯λƽ̣˭ûоܾͷܾһΣ´Ҫõ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬺οͷų⣬ҪܾˣɣҲҪǲǻ˴סǲ⡣
лʥȾˡ
λƽ̷׷׿ڵл
С£ҳݣʥȷʵЩҪλ
Ц˵һת
ʥ뽲
ƽ໥һۣ֪˶ֻ²ͿԷܵġ
ʥĸֵ伮ȵȣʮָȤμǻѰҰʷɣϾҴʥͥޣռĵ伮̸ȫ档λƽܹĻӸԵĲؾг¼һ伮ȻЩ伮漰ͨ漰λСģܶѣ⼴ɡ
еȻһЦ˵
ֻǴռһ伮ôƽ̣ܴûйҪҪǿó¼Ǿá
Ŵƾãռĵ伮ӴҪܳ¼Ǿһδգ֮ȣ¯ʲôȫֵһᡣ
Ҫ伮С
еĻλƽ̶ʱһѰĵ伮빦ʲôЩڲؾУֻѣƽʱۿ˾ͺ١һʿƽʱץʱȥĹۿЩ龭塣
ʱһ¶ɵı顣
ƽЦ˵ʥ̫ˣ֮ǰҵǰ¯ôҲûظ񣬲һЩ伮ѣҳݣҽŲؾڣȥ伮ഫУһҾʹѶţиһݣʥ


1979 ǧ򾭾 ĸ֮
̫ŸͳƣоʮռʥҪײؾ󣬷ḻ׵̣ԹۡЩѰ̫Ը׻ƽ׹伮ǧһǧϣܶԴ棬Ҳһ׮¡̫ƽۺ룬ϵ˵
Ҫ;Ҫ͹ƽף׹˵ֵǮǣڲؾڣǶԻҵġûʲôӻȥѡĹ޲ǿƷ׸ߵģͽ׹ֻԶǰ̶ѣȴ顣һٶá
ǬӵоһٶҲԸͻƽ׹һǧپһǧԸΪ׳שߡ档ǬƽҲŴ˵
ƽ̣׷׺ԥŵ
ͨȫֵ̫ӣֲҪԭֻӡһݶѡٲʲô
Ÿƽң¶Ц⣬иǿŲӵľʵ̺Ĳǻۣ̺ǿ߶طǴĸм䡣һ˿ֻܴлһͺñȻѣܴǧ澭䱾֮ǰֻһͨѡ
һڵеǻۣ֮šһΪȻ͵õˡ
Ĵ˵ЩǱء
̺ŵС
򣬾ͿԵдһɱѰʿǧ겻ֹ
Щǻ۵ĴС
Ǹǹ
иܼȡ֣ζĹӡҪȻһж
ЩأҴײؾؽḻЩƽף׹ſϣ׿ɲͨУҲδزƳ³£ųһĹʣͬĻͬĹҴףеˣеʱ䡣
еȻһЦаԳ
Ǳͽ׹ͬҲ
ͬһŹ˶ˣܻ˴ӱһĻⶼ᲻ͬջ˴ƹޣ߲֮ΡǾһƳ³£һƽ׹δؾͲܳΪףǵؽײεľ䡣
ͺñڴУ幦Ʒײߣ˺ܶ࣬ͬ£ǹ룬ֻоأתңÿһӵѪ֮ߣٽﵽһǧٽոʲͬҲͬᳬԽޡ
˶࣬Щ⣬ǻԵɺ£ƹĽޡͻƣڴ֮УؾڣƷߵģѾﵽ׼Ʒؽ׶ֻһ֮ңȡΪںһֶصѪķšƽޡˣа֮俪ߣиºţ޶ɽ
˵ҪٴδƽޣҪǧǡ־۴ˣһУһо
ӣڴбȱȽǡ
󲿷ͨЩҵǵ͵ȹ˶ˣһܹл߳һȫµĴԣЩͨĹڴʮֵĳС
ɳеʱ䣬еԡ
ܷĶǽӡ
뽫ײؾУؾĿָ꣬һˡ
һջľӴȻڵľвٻͬģصģһ֣ʮֿɹۡһϣо;ãԼǴ׬׬
žãЩ伮ȡ¯ͬǴ׬׬
˫Ӯ
˫϶¶ԵЦݡ
һ󣬸ƽ̷׷ȥûã俴һֻֻ˹װȻ֮ǰƽ̳ŵྭأ𾭶С
ϣţӶᴫ֮飬һ㶼ЩֵսƷ飬Ȼٺò
Щ߲ܣֻҪ鼮ʲôͶԣؼ䣬ûõ鼮ֻûҶԷѡ
ִһֻйâһһöСУ󲿷ִ淽򴢴棬ֽͨ鼮ʱҪãңܸءȻַв̫ϲϲֺʵ鼮еĸо
̽УһѶϢȻԺС
μǡ
һƪӵʿķţдһƪμǣйڸħļأжصĵصķˮķȵȡмأĿͬܰ㣬ĸ¼
ǲͨμУȴ̺һŷϸУֻ׺飬ѿ䱾ʣȻЩʿϲЩ޲ֶΡ
ҡҡͷ˵
ǻԵԵˣܵõغôԵǾԵˡ
ֿ˼Ҳҡͷ̾Щʿ档
ʮͼһƬ¼ˮעʵһƪ޵һƬײεĹУ˵õаأ̤֮·ݸ
öЩſǲƴ֣Щ伮ϡ
ЦЦЩ伮Ķл֪ĹǷͨƷ׶ߣͳȥҲǸѡڴ˵ȻǺôࡣ
ֻҪϢݳȥܶ˶ԸǰؾзЩͨ伮ĵǿȫǻ۵;
ˢ
ʱͻȻ䣬һƿնƾճǰ
йâһȻԿЩ⽻֯£ΪһɫװӺݻӰòһģĸоء
ԭǽĸѡ
пһۣɫһ漴΢΢һ˵ȻϵãǴ˵е֮ĸһΪؼСڴܾۻᣬҲתò˵ϣνһޡ׾ֱܷ
׵ѿѵõϡͣȻǷУȻɽдһȥЦĸЦ˵б±ƣС֪Ρ
Ըĳʹǰ칬ݷõѡԺĳǰ
ˬһЦ
ɽܴ󣬲ҪķΪһΪأһΪأɽڣǷΪ嵮֮ءּҺѾΪԪʼ𣬽鹬Ϊؽĸ֮ءഫؽĸ֮Ů֮ס
ŮӳɣҪȽأݼĸ¼ɼؼͳŮɡңӵΪݵλνؼ֮
붫һŮɣһɡ
λȨء
ȻͥеĸͬĴڣͬһۡҪĸĸĸҪѷɫһ


1980 칬
ĸĸĸĸһҪģӦĸĴڽǶһĪĻԵ͸¶һЩʲô˴ջأĸԴ̣ν޷
ഫĸвҩйĸĴ˵أ
硶ӴĸΪҥԻ죬ɽԳԶɽܸ֮עҲĸܹ꣬ʹ˳
Ĵ˵ʤö١
ĸȻܾܾ
ҲûкŸ̴ֻ˵һ£ҪشףٻŽ٣пŵһöһΡ㹻ʹá
ǰبŽȻֻܽŹ£ҪһبŵķŲǵһվѣƽ͵Ҳƽ̣õһ˵ľءĿĴﵽԶԶ
ˢ
̤ţ漴ͳȥûѡնУֻڴһ̤ǰֻǣÿһֻѰһ룬ͳڼɼǧ֮⡣
ռϡسɴ磡
ֻҪԸ⣬һǧﲻڻ¡
һߣҲһ߹ۿܡ
ҶΣö
ǳϵȵϡܽӴǳ⻨ñ
̴ľжġ

һ·пɲۻǲɨܣò̾ɽйȻ棬ĵر꣬ǧҩľǲЩҩصĺΣѲе۾һһ˳ͨҲˣûеҩ֣취ھǲüһһ֦ڣ׼ȥ󣬾ͷ԰н֡
Щг̡
һ·һ·ҲܱߵһɽÿһɢԵýȻͬϣÿһ棬磬֪öʿƴᣬѪǶʮ顣
ʿڶ࣬ڶࡣݲȷʵɼʥءɾ
һһ߰Ծ̧̾ۿȥɺ׳Ⱥ¹ɱɽԾ̣ǧ֪УѾһ޴ɽǰ
̧ȥɽƣһۼ䣬ȫ޷ԤжߣƲ㶼ֻǳɽλá
󣬷ǳĴ󣬲ѰԴ
׵ɳɽǰֻСơ
ǲÿһõֻ¶㡣ѰĹ磬Ƕѵõĵر
һɾǰ
ɾǰȻܿһްȻžβͣ滢צ£ɢһεǡķվǰһȻ
½ᣡ
пͫһ³һ
½ἴᣬݹżأ񻰴˵еɽ滢צβ
ɽɽİԻ֮ʵΩ֮¶½˾֮״βצҲ˾֮Ų֮ʱעҲׯԻ֮ԴɽҲ½ƹ⡰֮¶ܡ֮Ų
ɽϵĵλߣء޷ǰͨġ
½ᣬʥѾѶӭʥȴ½ῴУ¶һĨЦݣ漴˵ʥ룡
ţÿ·һųǰ
ţͿֱӽ칬֮ڡ
š
п׵ͷйâһһöҳУ漴½ᣬҲûж˵ֱӾ̤ǵС
ɽ嫺Ҫߣֻ²һʱִܵġĸȻѾ磬ǾͲٶൢ飬жɽǺ棬Ҳûоܾ
ˢ
̤ȥйâһѾɽʧ
ң
½סңҲ¶ϲ֮ɫжҲɵĶһ˿øСҲûֱӾͳԣתͲҪʲôǾˡ
ɽ½ᣬȻ̨Ϊֻ֤Ҳ֮ң
̤ŵҲǰȻһ½ʵǿᣬ֪ɽȷʵǲԻЩͷֻԺһţٿʱȻѾһ嫵칬С
ܣƣĸܵɢĶУ类ΧһڣãӵС
һݺᢵջЩջȫİɣ̤棬һůĸоůƷ£һˮأأؿǷǱѰ˵̫֮ؼۣɽһϣһȪۣȪ۾Ȫ
Ȫ۸Ȫɢˮһ֮ⲻ̺
ϴģа֣Ϊһǧ°빦Ҫǣ֮ɢԪղϣǳ
ô֮࣬˵ꡣ
Ůɣ޲ܹΪĿꡣ
׵ѣðʤϲԱ磬ϣܹϲ
ǰȻܿһ޴ͤȻܼһŮɶͤ£ǰڷһϺþƲˣվԶŵϮ
ĸ̫δæǰҲûʲô׼Щ񣬲ɾ⡣еȻһЦ漴óһֻϻ˹ȥŰݷãֶܿ
أҪеġ
׵̫ˡǰҲñԾ֮꣬ĸЦŽϻһߣûд򿪣¡
лѡ
Цŵͷĸ£ſĸһ˿֮ɫ
ȻŮʥŮǸ绪Ǹ֮ǰĸȣ·𶼱ѹһͷֻòҪ˵òŮҲֻڲ֮䣬һʣӺݻŮ۰Ķʣ˭ǰѲȻ
κʱ䶼һ޶һλ
Ϊи͸оֻһоɲ⡣
֤Ǹߡ
Щ޷⡣
ѿ֪ͥ
ĸͻȻ˵
ͥ
ǻһеǣҲӿֳǿҵ𾪡ɫص˵˵ĪһԪеϹͥ
һԪͥҪɳ֮Ϊ֮ͥͥΪ죬Ҳ˳֮ΪʴۡһԪ˳Ϊͥӵ֮ͥһռҵλ
ĸ˵
һԪ۵ļԪ۾ߣصǡһԪ˳ļԪ˳֮°빦һԪͥһޱӴһȶͳͳļǳȨ֮޿ɹǳƲֻ꣬С
ҲҪΪӡ


1981  
һԪΪԪͥεºܣܹռҵλֻ֮ͥʵ΢󣬹ϵ˵ƾʲôͥһͿռҵλʲô£ʲôʸ񡣾ƾǴһԪôֻһ㣬ǾԲġͥΪԪҵλ֮һͥҲֻϹͥݱ֪ͥή񣬳Ϊ֮ͥϣͳ첿еݣΪģɢͳ򣬳ͥҵλ
ĸ˵
УֻоŴݣϹͥҪռһ֪ͥǽΪͥɾѹļ˻ĵǿ̡
ʵѣокΰء
ɫһѯʵ
Ѿо̺ͬѰ⡣
ѻȻ֪޲޲ĸȻһЦƽ˵Ȼ˳֪֮Ĳ࣬Щ飬ѽҲ˽⣬Ʋ⣬˳֮Դկ𣬵ʥֻͥҪ㹻ʵ㹻˴ﵽõϿɣȻͿɽﵽʥͥͲô׵顣
Ҫ˴ﵽҪӵһû֧ţ޷ͥ
ʲôȻҪһܵԽУֻо첿ӵСҲ˵ֻжȡռһ첿ݣʸͥɫأˣؼ䣬ܽͥ˳Ȼָ첿ֻоҲ˵ֻоŸ˳ܽͥǺεȵĲпᡣ
ԣɽУӦҲһ
пĸ˵
֮˳ȷʵԽɽеͥɲ˭ռõġؼͬҲֻо첿Са취Ѱһûռݾ첿ݣɿԽͥ
ĸ׵ͷ˵
ͥܲܵǾͿ˳ֶΡҪߵ󣬾ͥδؾǼޡᵮࡣ
ˣܹؼδᵮĵ⽣ӰΪͥĻᣬ֪˳Ϊ֮ƴɱͷѪ˳Ϊֹ
Ǵ棬
û·ԡ
ͥˣҪָͥҪεȼѡ
һĸѯʵ
ͲǺ˵بŴ½йأͥƲ⣬ҪبŴ½ߣΣֻ˳֪٣ڵͥҲ߱ɾͥ
ĸҡҡͷ˵
غ˳֮أ˳֮Ҫ˽⣬ôףĸֲҲһͥҵλԲô׿Գɾ͵ġ
ѣ֪ûɾ͡
йâһ漴ѯʵ
֮컯ɣ䱾ʣɣɲϵ̺еһıԴ磬ɽе̺ľ鱾ԴУ̺̺鱾Դʤݵĳ̺ԴлԵ컯ҵУԴɱĻǲռݾ첿ݣɿԽͥ
ĸ˵
˵ףҪȴԲеô򵥡ҪĵرҪµ컯Եǣǿáɼ
Ȼɱ
ֻһ㣬ӿֳһϲڴУûУɳڵʮФʮлԵδؾͲܽȻԵѵãδؾһ·
첿ҪᣬδؾͲΪ
κ飬Ҫ׼ֶҪץ˵ܵõ֮ϲ
ĸһУ֪е룬ķҲɳ߹ȻܸӦɳڣֻ̺һ㣬ȥһôһ˿Ŀԡ
ǵۻʣһ˿ܣ
֪Ҳ˵ʲô
ѣһԪʱǷս
ͻȻѯʵ
ţ磬ҹ֮սҷ۵Ĵ£ҹͬҹҲڷġսҹҲһ꣬ͥҲǵֵҹֵ֮һһɳÿʱÿ̶ȫתڤѡȡ꣬壬ս
ĸһ˵һԪ¶һ˿ء
һսʱʵ̫ˣĸǲޱȣɱսѹʮɷ󣬴ǳɱɽ󣬾ƺȵȡһսУΧķϵױ飬󣬺Ҳ飬ǿգ硣˲
һսҲڴս䡣
Ǽ֮ǰѾº֣ںϣ컯ԨһԪ첻ڣ岻ڣĸͬҲѾ䡣
˵һԪһεĻᡣͬҲҲµһεĿܡ
һԪսᣬҹ˾ûĻᡣ
ԣܶƴԼǿøǿ嶼ŬΪ˱ǿ㾡ȫ
ִܼͥһԪµ󡣡Դˣ޻˵һ仰ΪѪΪɱУԭȵĵ̣ռ֮ͥλ˳£ԽܡҲʹ䣬ûͥĵ̣ţһ죬һ׷ȥǳԽ
лѿͣˣֻպĳһۣ֪Щϵл
лһǰʵһ˵õѲšĸͻȻ˵
ˡ
һ⣬ʵɽѾԼоĸԲǼ򵥵ɣ̸˵صġĿģȻ˵Щ֮ء̬Ȼ֮ã׼
Ҳݲˡ
˵ĳΧ֮ڵģԵ
һЦ˵
ѿ֪̫һ
ĸͻȻ˵
̫һʣϹͥλ֮һ۵ۿһִͬͥؼ䶥֮һ֪ܲкԥ˵
Բʶ̫һɾԲ֪ܲ֡ǶܵǿӰУνױȵںУνǿʼ֮һ
ң֮ǰֱӽ´ΧĵǿǺ䶯һʱһԸգ񣬲֪ڸУٵ塣ˣվԲСӡ
̫һڲǰŮǰ򱾹ףҪӭȢΪ󡣡
ĸϺޱ飬˿ϲŭȴó̺һ˿⡣


1982 ĸ֮Լ
ʲôˣɽŮ֮һ󣬵ǺеŮ޴ܣߵ˭мӣ˭Ҷ䲻¡һϣӲǿЦġ̫һȻͻȻףҪΪ£ֱĪ
ŵģΪǾ͸ӿЦ
ӵأλߣƹŮɣҪһΪ
ҪǣûҪ̫һΪ¡οⶫ̫һģͲ
Ҳǰ𾪣漴˵Զ̫һݣΪʵδһ¡£Ҳûκȥ顣ңѾԤУҪȥ൱鷳һС鷳鷳ȻܲǾͲǡ
ߣ
ĸЦ˵ֻ£Ҫ뱾Ϊ£ǿɽеɽѣҪһٶãֱ޳֮ȡ
дһ˿벻м
˲ôܻ᲻֪Ҫ˲áǴĺ̡˲ݡ
οزͥҪҪô붫̫һ֮䣬ûа⡣Уи⣬̫һڣ̫֮νǹ
һΣҪ͡ҵ֮ӦĴʣ˫֮£ȫԴһ¥̤ϸ߾硣
ĸ֮ζŮʵ̫̫ѷɫǵͬĲΣ̫㣬̫һΪ̫ĸ˫ݣ̫ںϣܹһңܴ컯Ƿ˾̾
ҲǶ̫һҪĸԭ
һٶạ̃Ǻõĺܣĺܡ
ȻԸ⣬ѾܾɣӦ跳ղŶԡ
еȻһЦ
Ϊ±˫֮飬ͬ⣬ȻҪ⣬Ͼؼ䶥ܣӦܱܲŴӦɣ¼ûĵ
ǾܾˣֻǣֻѻȻƤҪˡÿһʮ壬ضǰɽǰߣѾ¡
˵£ĸֱ䡣
Ǵûм˲Ҫǿߣֻ׼ˣƤδܹĹкüΣҪֱӳɽһ¡췭ظֻǣ̫һҪҪȫڶŰ
붼ǻðɣƽ
Ƕ̫һҲҪһ
ڴУҪΪЦ̸ˡ
ҪôҪΪѳͷ߶̫һĳڲһ߷ѣʵȫʢʱڣǱҲδǶ̫һĶ֡ټеĶӣʵ׺
пЦҡҡͷ˵
ⲻԷƱ֪֮ѣ鱦ǿһƷ׵Ĳ࣬صĲ𣬺еĲࡣӲҪ룬̫һľȻԼ磬Ϊ磬ʲôȥǰ׳գǲǰ
ȻҪȥ붫̫һսһֻҪһϷ֪̫һҶ˽Ϊ£˴еͷҲһݣ鷳
ĸ˵ĿϣƺڵȴĻش
ҵĸԹѽ
аԽһûиоôˣɲֵÿĵ顣ҪǴӦĻǵ£̫һȻߣֻӴԺ󣬿϶ǼǺһ㣬ȫҪκǡǲݣϾ̫һеı󣬵һ˳ƴᣬѪɺҲͣϢ
ǵõĸѡ
ĳΪҲͰˣֻϷǼٵģͷʲôôòҪ´ô鷳ôԼϡΪһ仰ȥĴ˵ʵڣпɲôԸ⡣
¶һĨЦ⣬˵ĳ֪ĸ붫ӦϣΪΪһΪ£Ȼ컯ң佻飬ӦҲĳҪĶ࣬ȥŶҲߣΪҪԶĳæϷ
ȷʵԣĸ붫ϵһԣΪ£˫νɪϣȱǴȥ˶κλɣˡ

ĸɫһĮ˵ģֻĵӡοֻǵѶѣ֮⣬Ҳܱܽ顣
ĵӣ
иоĳְԵС
һԪУУѾ䣬תΪ۾ٵ϶ɴҪΪһĵҲδػ䣬ǰĵ۾Ҳٴת٣ΪӲǶĵԪȻٴθһǸǶĵݡ
ĸдһ˿ЦȻڶǴûʲô
Ҳоһ
ǸԵôһʼڣѲˣʮֵ˼ˡ˻붼Ѱζˡ
׵ԸӦⳡϷǽҪͥɽԽһáͻȻ䣬ĸٴ˵ȻҲ֪һЩ룬в״Ӧġ
ϾвǷģֻһϷɺȴʮأ˭״ӦҪҲǱĿģȻҪĳ롣
ܸĳ롣
ɽŵ²ðɡ
ҲɵĵһֻǽãڽͥǽüͬǳΪ׵һֻ֣ϵģʵϣȴɻΪ׵ĸǺεȵҪڣʱһͥѡءҪԣ޷
ɽ֮Կռɽߵλ֮һΪɽУһǡĸһ˵Ȼؼ䣬Եء

һ˿漴ͻȻأء
һһԴءػһֻǣһֱ䣬޷֪ഫǱ䣬Ϊ֮ƽʱ̽鲻ֻн붫زܲһ˿ؼ䣬һأ֪
ĸһҲûغص˵˳Ҳ˵Դصǿ֧ġ嶼ңôô
ãȻѾ˵ϣĳȻ岻ݴǡⶫ̫һнˣΡ
ŵȻһЦϵĿ˵
йâ˸Ϊ˵һ̫һټϵۿҲˡ


1983 ֮
ǾͶлѡĸҲ¶һĨ΢Цųһ˿Цݡ̫һŵӣվҪˡ֮ҲֻϷѣԷֱȻ̫ĹϸֻҪס飬ʱ򣬻ȥͿɡ
̫һһʮ嶼ǰôʮ壬ǰء
΢˵
ʱҪ͵ˡ
ĸٴ˵ѾΪ׼޾֮Ъ
漴һԻ񣬴ʥǰȥЪϢ
ǣ
һɫװŮ˹ܿŮɢʣڷУһŮûеνĿá
ʥ
Ů񻺻˵
Ҳûгɣĸ׵ͷ󣬸Ůǰ޾֮칬ʮǬһ嫵һдס֮ǲסĶһŮɣЩŮɵȻŮޣﵽһΣȻɱ䣬Ҫҵ̫ѿĶһ׵顣
УȻûеıҪ
һҹ޻
峿ն
ܿУһֺȽȽ
·ںУһ޴ķ
УԪʼӾգƺ¶һĨмһ˿ζ
ιУͨſǱ¶ЦݣָƼڹлص
ؼ䣬ֶһҪȤȤ
̫ϣһڣȻܿһ绪ŮأЦ³һ޳֮ȡŮɫࡣ
Ǳˣ̫ı̫ԴŮ̫ŮҲ֮Ϊ̫ӣΪ棬̫֮һԪʱ֮ʱܶˣ䣬һԪٴι̫УһǱޡ̫ǳ֮λŮһΪأһΪ˺͡
ںУ֮Ϊ̫ŮʵΪ
棬˺ͼۿ⣬תΪ϶ҲһõĴ˵ֻǣ濴ۿһۣ̫һҲһöƤһ񣬾ȻӲɽô졣
˵ʵڣԶ̫һĵʮֲݡ
ȫûһΪܵƤ
ɽϣһ޴£ӰһɫһЦݡǽ׼ᡣ
׼Ц˵ʦ֣̫һѾƤƤƤƤ߾磬ʦܲҲֱ׷
ҡͷ˵ʦܣ֮תѾ䣬񵱾Ǳޣ֮£з¡Ԫ֮սҪ
ʦַģԪ֮սҲҪȵԪ֮ĩһԪ֮УĻҪ֮ƵǸһὫջˡ
׼Ỻ˵
Ԫ֮սԶΪҪɴﵽֲΣҪ̸ףܶõģ޷ǾˣҵλԴΪˣЩܣҪ³ս
ֻѾԴδ֮ʱ䷵ԴǰëתֻأвҲӵв׵ĳɾ֣֮ͣδزıȡһ
˵
û˭ܹ޶ãҲ⡣
ʦַģѾǰȥ׼Ӧû˸Һᡣ
׼Ц˵дһ˿šѾԤõģ˭Ҳ֣˵Ҫָ
⣬ɷ֮ոտʼɢطʱֱ̣رԴĻɲУʦܣǻǼȡһԪǽֻһ̨׶ѡ
׵ͷ˵
ˢ
Уһɫ̫һٴγʱѾɽУϿգϸȥֻһɢϢӰȻһɫֻۣפ͸һεѹȡһ˫ɫɢһ˿εǹɰ֮ȫǷԹġ
Ļߡ
ʶ̫һ
һ̣ؼ䣬һ˫˫ӰĿУ̺ŸֽȻͬζм飬ĽбģЩĿ⣬·Զ̫һһɱûСȫ޶á⡣
ƤѾǧ
̫һĸѣһ
̫һ
ֱӸɽģĻȥƤʲôڲʲôһΪۻʣڲԴ·ˡȫֵһᡣ
̫һ㻹İɣ㡣ҲؼĴܼǿߣ˾ٶͲ߳ô
ĸкĻԥľܾ
о仰ع𣚣ں֮ޣŮӺϡ̫һֻ׷ԼҸѣкο߳ܵġ̫һȻһЦƽ˵
ȻǲĿģԲ뿪ġ
ȥ
еʱ䣬еԡ
һʣģģѾеˡ
ĸ³һ
ʲô
һ̣ؼ䣬ⶴУ֪ٴܷ׷׷ȻûԤϵôһ
ĸеˣؼûйκδԣϢʵ̫ˣһܽ˾ȫҪɡҲǰԻ⻰ʵԣǲģ˵ʵڣ˭²͸޷϶ͬΪܣٸչ£˭׿ܼ̽ǿߡ
ĸûе£ҲۡϾŮҵܿЦ㡣
ĸڿЦɡΪ˺ŪʣҲûбҪԼЦɡ
̫һϵЦʧ˵
ߣ¹ر֮£ܿЦ
ĸЦ˵
˭ô
̫һɫһ䣬˵
ҪǶٸһ
Ǳʥ
ʱֻһջصţͿɽǰһӰƾճ֣ǱˣУ̤գһ˿ȶ̫һѷɫ
㶼ûη壬Լ䣬Էͥ
㣬ʥ֮ͥʥС
ֻһۼ䣬̫һѾϳеݡü䣬¶һĨ䣬ɱ

ԭʥ
û뵽ĸôʥϵġ
ԣ˵ܾۻʥμӹΣĸйһξۻڴ֮оУǸʱϵֻǣ֮ǰôûκηҲ̫ˡ
ؼ䣬һ֮˷ʵ̫̼̫ˡһ㣬ȼܻ档
ܼǿߣڱչϣһʲô̫֣ھȻ飬˲ͼǿҵ顣һ˫˫׷׿ɽ
ֻоһкϷҪˡ
ˣеĶܣͬˡ
ȡʹ֮Үͻͫ档


1984 Ů洱α
庣еʬʼ棬Ӯ䣬ɣеܣҲĿ⿴ءؼѵõһֵñΧ۵飬УѵõĵζܴһǶΧۡһ˲䣬ɽѾΪһĿľ۽֮ء
Уתϡ
׼ʱ۾
ʱѾ֪ľϾΪҪ֪Щʲô⣬ȴֻ֣ܳš񣬴׸ǽʥֻͥҪڴ֮У׼Ҳûа취г֣ȻʲôԴСǣеݣ˲֡
ҵ˭մǡ
ҵǻ谭ش򣬻Ϊؽѡ˲ܼС
߶Ҳ׶˳֮ɱ֡
ֻڰı
һ˳ǽ赶ɱˡ
ֻҪܴﵽĿģǿɲǲԼԳ֡
ֻһѡҡͷ˵
Ҫ֣һ˾ˣ˵ȫûʧʲôˣ¶൱ֵõġ
׵ģСĽȫҪ뿪ףֻԷС޵󱲡׼Щ޵˵
ܵĹעҲ˵еİ֮ȼա
Ͼ֮ͬǿһط糱˳֮ϣһ·ǿĶңͨ£ǴӰ
ڽ죬ȻĸϵǽΪ£ټ϶̫һ
ôһǴս
̼̲סҪ򰡡
У㲻Ĵţʲô
̫һĮ˵Уɢһ˿ε塣
ԣֻ˵
ʥȥȥ붫ʺθɣοǰĸǵ£ǰ£ѵҪܲɣʲôʸܡο˵ֻҪҪףʥҪٲܿ˵ĺƤƤĻĳʰ·磬硣
кõ˵Ŀڶ̫һϡ
еĿ꣬ȻǲԶ˭ó
ߣ滹Ǽ٣ڿ˵ǰףͻȻðǰû˵ĸе¡£ʿɲš
̫һԥ˵
ôɵ顣ĸĽڣƴԼ׷Ҫǵ£ԸԴժߡ
ܣԲܡ
಻ţʵ
еЦ˵ɫһƬƶ˿ûа㾪š
ݱ֪ڴ֮УһλۺĸΪ£еýĸСίԽĸݣֻʥɡ
̫һٴ˵дŵ⽣Ӱַâвϡ
ʷģĸΪ£ʥȻΪҴʥУɷΪѼΪĸΪλͬȣ޷Ⱥ󡣡
кɣ˵
̫һɫһ䣬û뵽ԼɱУ׾ͱиˣûоʹ˷漴˵Ůһ䣬ңңŮ洹ڵλùһ
ʲô
΢΢üա
ⶫ̫һһԲϾͽŮ洣Ǹʲô
ˢ
Ŷ̫һ£ȻܿһϼһŮȻ֡ܿһӺݻɢһʥȰ֮ʣ˿һֲµĸо
УܹоһѪиӦ
Ů洣ΪʥĸŮ洶˵֣ٶ֣Ů洣ʣŮ洸ģһ㣬ŮУܹΪʥĸλݡн죬ȴŮ洣ԼŬǿϢģķչǧǧѪǻ͵ġ
ԣŮȴŮ洡
岻Ʒ
޺졣
ߣǱˣŮ
мʥĸŮпŮ洺һŮʩһһΪʥĸݶݡ
ʥʥ֮ͥ嶰ҵƼɡ
ŮǱ¶һĨ͵Цݣ̧˵
Ů洡
ĸ̤أߣŮͷʾ⣬ȴûʲôɫ
Ů֮ǰѾִ֪鱦򣬿ԵĸǷΪ£һ鼴֪֪ʵ顣
̫һŮ洣˵
֮˽£θɣ̫һΪǺôȻվأһߵ͡ĸŭɢһ˿⣬ͷâһһͭ֡һڣȻǶ鱦ؾؾһʱն·ͻȻóٻ·ʱռ䣬ܵ޴ѹ
ഫؾһӵ£δػѷɫĸļ£˵ѾнĿܡ
̫һͱ˵̬׽ĸŭˡֱ̫飬ʲôʱֵ̫һܡ
ĸ趯ŭҪĸһ׶ѣֻҪŮ׿֤ʵȷʵǵ£ǱʵߣԺҲءǲǣǾҪʥúý
̫һЦ˵
˿ûĴ㡣
ƤʲôƤͲƤˡ
ܺã̫һǷҪ
ĸɫ䡣
˻ƣŮִƺǼ٣һ۾ܿĹһҴ顣ڴ
ʣĴֽĸĸʥȷʵǵ¡
ʱŮͻȻЦ˵
һ䣬ؼ䣬ʱΪ֮һ
һ˫˫۾У׷¶֮ɫ
ʵ֮ǰĸ˵ǵµ飬ŵĿܸɣв²⣬ֻ¾һ򷢶̫һĽڡŮ洿֤ʵȴ⡣
Ƕ´ˣ֮£Ȼġ
Ů洵ݵλ˵仰Ȼû˻᲻šǲŵģҲҪ߰˳ɡ
ʲôⲻܡ
̫һ˿̣ɫȴǵ࣬Ů洣ٿĸС˸·һ̾ͻᱬ
ڽڼκգ̫һһӳ䣬Ϊһƿնȥֻ뿪ǰһУĿУźڵɱ⡣
Ȼһǳ׼Ǻ
һлᣬǲɱֵġ
ֻһǻɱˣҲôĻһڳ˵ͻóǿڶӣһǺݵġ
˿̣ĸɫҲЩѿһŮ洡
ʥȻبŽͥӦȥһˣͥѾڵȴʥǰŮͻȻп˵


1985 ͥ
˵ǣǰبţһǰأҲҪǰͥһλ̫ͥ͡ңԶ߷ΪʵҪִֻ²һʱ̾ġڵʱҲºӦʱڵִͻɢ΢΢ü˵
ͥ˵ʵڣ壬ûвҪȥġֻǣЩʱҪȴࡣ
޷һ̣Ҫȥͥһˡ
ŮЦ˵һ䣬Ȼĸ˵ĸѣŮԽʥǰͥһˣ֪ѿԸС
ߣųϣҪߣ˭ס
ĸзһߣһ֣תء
ɫÿ
Ҫ֪Ůִƺ򣬼ƹԵ֮ǰнΪ£ֻһԣȻҲԺ˭У֪è壬ҲƣŮ洵ãȻŪٳ棬ֱһԶۣеŪģܵ棬νǲģҲҪġ
Ůִƺ˵Ļм١
ңĻһȻӦ֮ǰԳƵ£ûпܵ£ں£ǵѾ֯һҲġ
ֶΣνǺݺݵİһ
ֱ
̫һԲҪĸҪҪǵֻǶˡҪ񶼼
ڶŮ洸жûʲôɫһͷʹ£Ҳڰ˼ô졣û뵽һԼĵˣҪ
ˢ
ŮҲΪ⣬һһסһƿնȥ
У¶ЦοǸŪһô⡣ҲǰͷʹŮһŪٳ棬״мƻڸô죬֪
ĸŮ֮ǰǴû
ĸѿؼŮθǣһκߣһý㲻лҲͰˣڵǻҪϱˣýȷʵˡ߶ֺð
ŮЦſ˵
ĳллˡ
ֻܿЦŵһл
ɱ˱˻ԣĸӵأִŮɣӵĵرԴӵһֻҪȢʥͥһͥǵ·ǳͨ衣ݣܸ״޴棬쵱Ҫıĸ̫һҲҪȢǲɹͿûֶʵѡ
Ůº͵˵
ŮôȻûкôʥĸǶֵʥĸˣαǨηչʼռһɵˡһɵˣ˭ܴаᣬΪʥĸô֮һԽǿõĺôԽ˼㹻ǿĻܹƶһ
пףһ·죬ռݵĽԽԽԽԽ㲩ӵе˿ǽռӵ˿ʮףνϣ˸оΪʥĸȴܸо˵ӣܵˣȲ
кܴһ֣ڴʥͥ
Уܲ࿴
Խǿܵ˸Խ࣬ҲԽӵĿɹۡȻڴܹǿҲڴŴܹߵĸԶʥͥˣͥҲˣܽͥǽΪ֧˴붼ҪӴжڽͶʣδһȼ֮
ԴˣȻܲ²³ƣⱾ˫ӮŮҲǵλ쳣Ĵܽãɣĺô˵ܹԮֵĵطٴԾĻ˵ŮҲֲܣ΢ǣһ档
һǰͥͬҲһ˼
ͥĵ̿ɲǳܹԤҪЩʥһӡǼ֡
֪ͥ֮ͥУЩ͡
һٴοѯʵ
ͥڣڻƶƶ˵Ƕʵһ츣أ̺һ硣ȫƿص磬ģ֮󣬲κδǧѷɫ̺ԪΪŨ͵Ĵ£ӵоʥء
ŮЦ˵
ͥȻ䣬˽⡣
ƶһĶ츣ءʵؼĸֶ츣أǶؾ̺ں֮ʱƶ֤֮ءӲҪ˵ڡѾΪ֮ͥأλҪǱصǳ

Ҳһ˿ʣľ
ȻҲʮЩֻʱ䲻ڳɳĽ׶ΣȻǺġӵоĻƶ磬жôˣ̺ԪԳ
ͥУ̺ۣ棬Ӱټʥ͡һֶǿߡһ壬ڻƶдУԲʽ深ܡıʣЩڻƶ岿䣬ͻͳȥΪ֣֮𡣡
Ů活˵
һľ
棬гϣϣϡһʼ档
гϽݣзݿɶܷ꣬סȡů档
ľȡ嵮֮𣬽ëѪ
ϱ֯鲼Ƴ岻Ұް̻¶߳ܣ
棬˵νĴ֮ʼԴͷڣûǣ貣˵ĻԻ͡
ۣΪʷˣػũ˻ʲ򡡣
ʷˣԣȻǨ忪
ػũٲݣȣӵڶ˿ڵʳΪ׳󹦵
˻ʲ򡣬ܽ¼ķ֣ӵ֣ǧ꣬ǧĴȥ޿ɹҲ֮Ϊ̩ʡ
ǻƵԯڵ۵෡׵۵Ң۵˴
Ŷѹݡ֮ͥڡ
ټӰټʥͣͥʵ̣֪ҪųȥУģָҲһԪУƴѹ壬Ҫٿʢһ졣Ŀ£һԪѹ嶼Щ
ң⻹ȫУҲ֦ѪǷܲʢ󣬵ǿߴܡ֮ͥСҲȻѹ壬ȴұ̫ںķΧڣѹơ
ֻǣû뵽Լǿûбѹƣɿһ˳һաǴף۾򣬿νһָ


1986 ƶ 
Ҳðһ֪ڰдСȻѹȥֱһ£ȻҲûջٷܣҲ׷ӵиԵĵ̣չٶȼ죬ϣûӱͬСӡռһ壬չͷ൱Ҳо˳֮壬һûн˳һɳ⾫
˵УһӱΪؼǣΪʱ磬һвǸոտʼѡҪе콾ಫУˣҲã
ͥдʵ֪ͥʵΡ
ͻȻѯʵ
ʣؼ˽ģɾŮʥĸͬʥˡλߣνһָУоصĵλԱ֪ĸࡣ
֮ͥǿȻ٣ֵΪ𡣲֮⣬ʮλϹŴʮʦ棬ӵеĶǿ߲ѷɫ١кüλѾǰп˳ʮһλ̫ӷֱ㣬ҲԿ˳
Ůﲢûϸ˵ֻǼ򵥵˵һЩͥǿߡ飬Ҳûж˵
Ͼ˵ЩΣбΪʥˣбΪʥĸ֮䣬̫һսм䣬ġ
ǰ˭һķŭ
ڽ̸УٻƳգ֪УѾһ޴ɽǰ
ܿɽͨһƬ嫵ĻƵУڻڣɽ֣ƺһ޴ĻɽڲлȼաɢĻ棬ȶ財
ƶôһɽ
ü¶һ˿֮ɫ
ɲͨĻɽǻϵ˵ʥݻɽݻ֮áݻԽǿƶԽǿ̾ԽǿƬݻѹˡݻڣ˲ݻڣ˾޷ѹ˵ʥ֮£ûκаħԿһͻᱻճɻҽʿǰԽǿݻԽǶܹ˵ǨԴá
Ů洸̾
˵ʵڣʥĸ壬ڴʱȴûС壬ȻԵѤָ漣봫档
ϸ춨Ŀʼ
𣬾
һУԻ͡
ƶġ
ипͬʱҲǰԵͷԽǿԽܸоݻ֮ĸӦ
ھݻ̤ݻȻܽƶŮЦ˵
ݻطȥƶһ㣬ڸϣûƶİȫӣ׼䣬û˿ǱƶУͥв
ݻ𡣡
пŽǰݻһĨģܵĸжָоѪ޷ƣҲҪƣûݻУֻǾĿǰӴݻ
·ܸܵصıǨ˵ıǨԴũ򣬴ȵȻ棬ǰ֡
Ժз·һϵ˵޸ڻص
֮˴
̫֮ʱ˭ũ
Ϲ֮У˭֡

޸裬һĻĻԶŻ治ϳǰ·ĿõľȡܿũٲݣѰȵ춨֮ܿڵϻ֦д֡
ֻ棬·ʵ֣ӰټҵĻԻͣ۵ΰʼĻ档
һĻĻһ·ᴩʷԴ˷չ˱׳į
лΪһĸж
֪УУõϴӣ磬·һɲǼ䣬õ
뱾û𣬷ˣͿˣһӾĶС
һѹȻõ޴ô
߰ɣ
ŮЦЦתֱӴһݻ̤˽ȥǳҵݻǿ󣬾Ȼûжκˣ̤ȥ͸о̤ȪУһĪů밲
Ǹоͺǡؼˡ
ݻдٴοʱȻܿѾһƬС
ܿУǸɽƽԭԭʼɭ֡嫼䣬ƺһۿ߼ʡɽ֮㲩޿ɼ
𣡣
ϣһ;޴ɽ໥ɱѪɺӡʮֲңݣ·һӽʱ
ܿһ䡣
Щ䶼岿䡣
ļˣٵļˡʮˡ
ϴƤɵƤ¡õʯͷĥʯìʯͷɷӲ˿Ҫѷɫֺãӿ¡
ܿڲУһڿڴ󶦣ڶУŸָıҩдֱͯУԴҩԡܸоĲ䣬ÿһˣɢѪΪǿ󡣾Ͷ䣬ǧÿһ϶ܸܵޱʢѪ
棬ÿһϵȵӡ
ЩϹ񡣡
ɫأ˵
ţϹ񣬶Ϲʱڣؼ䣬ʱ壬Щ壬ʵ򣬾ǵŮһͳѪӵѪһ֣ϹҪ֪ڵڣȻѪΪѪУѾȫĴ⣬ǲѪ
ⲻͨ飬ڳɳĹУ¸ĵرѪ⣬ѪǱĬķһ˿ı䣬һѪѾ⡣γһֳɳ
ѪһС
ϹʵҲǳ⣬ѪȥȻҲѪ仯ٴ⣬ȻϹУȴһֶصط徭ԽȥĶȫ쾫ںϵѪУǿǣ׳Źܼ򵥣ҲʮֻǣһǾǣھĻвܽС
û޷
ԣһؼԪı䣬޷ǾȻϹݡ
ȴϹ
ϹͥӴеĵطΪ彫µĺ֡񣬶񲢲Ҫ屾һ塣
Ů活˵ǰѾˣһͥڵĹųǡ
˵䣬ѾԿǰһ޴Ĺųǡ
ųǣͨ嶼һֲ֪ʯͷ죬ңǽ֮䣬ȫû˿ķ϶·ųǱǻȻһġͨɢһֹӲãϢһֿµĸо
ңصʯƣ֯һ𣬹ճĻ档һͼϡ
ǳũԵȵȡ
ǰֳųǵ֡н𣡣


1987  ͨ
нǣųǣԢнഫŲԸ
нǲͬѰܸоһַ·ϢһĨɫнУо·۰ϢϢʮޣǲǣ֮䡣
߰ɣͥѾ֪ˣšҪ飬ͲȥˡŮζЦЦ漴˵
£ѾֱʧȻһǰֻΪ˽дͥʲô˳·ǲһдʶѡ
гһ£ЦЦûж˵ʲô
漴ǰнǣſڡͿһڵȺ
к󣬹һʥʵеȺʥУȻ֪еݡ
ǰ·
׵ͷ˵
ʥ
Цǰ·
һ·߽ڣȻܿҲʮֵķǺ嫾޴ϣһϹɢϢһĵĸоڳлǰ̯ι䡣ȻϰΪнҲƶϹۼ֮أܹ֮ͨޣȡҪʡ
һ·УʱѾһ޴ǰ
ʥֻܴ·ʥȥɡ
Ц˵
ռݵʮ־޴빩ͬҲ۵˵޴Ĺû̫
߽
Ȼܿвûʲôλֻһ鷽ޱޱϣа˸֡Ӣ飬࣡
֮⣬һ֣ÿһֶһλλ¹պչѫҡӢ鱮Ĺ롣Ӣļޣͬһޱǿѹ˵
Ӣ鱮ǰڷһ¯һ㣬оų߳ͨɫɢһɫ̣Ӣ鱮ûС
Ӣ鱮ͨ㣬еļƷȶꡣÿһʦԶĸɣֵǷȻһЩҡ
ֻһߴ󣬵һϢȴ˾徴η˳УЦЦ˵
ܸое⡣
ԭʵ档
ڿʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ܵ˵ݣһԻ۸ǽɡ
ҵǰܲݡ
ٴ˵ǰͨ㣬ּȼȽȽ𣬹Ӣ鱮ݣݺ󣬷Žͨǰ㶦֮ڡ
ĩѧмʡ
мݹӢ鱮󣬷ǰķʽʩ˵
񣬷ڲͥп֮˶ѡһԪδҪȥأܲǿ֣֮ҲҪǻѪǰСֻĻ߶ѡ
Ц˵ߣȥߣðѾ죬ҲժƳɳƷҶСļʱǱߺȱġ˵ţúȥ
Ҳûж˵ȥ
ں棬ȻһԺ䣬Ժû̫װΣֻǹӵͤͨ԰ԣŸҩһɲ򵥣ǵ˿ԣۣع½٣һνϵȵ
һͱ˵޾ƣ޲衣
ͤУȻݷһײߡΪɰɰɲͨɰһϵȵıģһɰߣνƷ༫ѣݲ裬ܹĹЧƾƷ
ƽʱҲϲǷʱ档
¯ϲ漴ڲУƬҶܿƬҶϣȻ̺֮ͬ⣬̺֮
Ǭ㡢롢ҡޡǰ֮ϡ
ĿãһĨɫ³һ
Ȼһе콾ʶֳİ豾̺ԵϡҪƷУҪֱͶƬֲ̺ͬĲҶȱһƬСƷ裬֮ϣƽʱֳǰϧĺܡһֻóһƬҵҪȡҲǧѡʥֳѵõĴһء
ֻһˬʵĻһӰ˽ܿü䣬ɢһ˿ɷһԵķâ
ԯ
пͫһ˳֮סʵ򣬹֮ߣѷɫʵ춨ۿ֮
ʵۿء
ʶף֮ʳ֮֡ۿ֮ʢ
ԯҵ𣬰ȫֻеһβܿϣѾùٸȣ˷ѡЦ˵
ʣۣﲻǷһߣȥҲð
ܹϵ裬Ǵ˵еϣһ٣ӵп̽һۼ䣬ܿԷңһɣֱӴؼ䣬㣬ͻ졣һ컯ϧֻǷȫûа취
С赣ǣ𣬱һ壬ޱȣȥ⣬Ȼ㱾ڣϣѡȻҲó衣
Ц˵ֱӴеǵǡ
С赣ǣ˵һʵʱһɫۣ·ϸֲֳľͼ˹Ц˵
ũ
ĿãҲٴμũеľ˿١
λڱչУһСǰֻͥӴˡ
ũЦ˵ϵϢʮ׽º͡һֽȻɰݡ
Ѿˡ
Ц˵ܿڲϿգˮڣγһͼ󣬶ڣֹûУ豭ˮķֲ裬ΪɫڱУȻֳͼ󡣲תء
Ⱥȣ
ҲɣкֱӶ豭ȥһڣƳζϱ任ƺֱͨգݵڤڤеȥ
ٻζʱȴʲô벻
СͥǷоЩʧ
Цѯʵ
ʧ֮˵ܽݼͣһУջ񣬺οܼλ棬ȥ磬֪˻ĽҡЦ˵
ĵڻûп˵ģҲȷʵʵ
ҪǶе޶ã֪屻ѹ¾ΪѪʳҲûгָ棬һԪУǲǣֻܿԼȥᡣЩˣʵֻһԪϹŶѡǵյ˲壬ͬʱٸĶǿ߲֡ͥͬͥҲǽһΧ֮ڣڳʧȥơ
˻˵


1988 ɫ
Ȳ˵һʼܼǿ߾ѾӡֻԷתٴֻأҲһɶͣοһԪУһԪĸǿߣԼײָ֮£֮ǰԣѾؼʱڡȻɹǾյľ
ͥ޲̺ͥռؾŴӣһ֮ͥ巢ҲܼͶͥеˣٴ·ܡֻǣζţѾܣ֮·磬ѷŤת
ͥڵ塣
κ壬ͥǾͲᱻ塣Ǳ֤崫еĸڡ
ؼҲһĵĹ涨һԪУ򲻵ѵ£ԲܶԸ֣ͥǣֱͥӲؼַ֮ͥһ˴干֮
Ƿŭ
ԣڵ֮ھͿԡ
ͺ֣ͥСӴܣôܹס֣ͥǾǴҲʼ³ǻһʰ˭Ҫ
޷ֻҪͥȫ֣ηκεˣں֮ΪѪʳԣѵʱ̣Ѿ߹ˣûǾζţ뽫ǿ֮С
жȻ˵дһ˿ƶš
ڶռͷǧ˿֣žǰǴ״΢ĩԭûе̣һüʮ֣ǵ
Ϲ֮
ţ콾ԹŲСˣˣˡ岻κǿ塣̨ھͿʩչ
ԯЦǺǵ˵
ͥΪʵ򣬶ķչ൱˽⡣һһעţϾȻԳ֣ҲҪĴܷŭ֮£ֱɱ֡
ԣͥǸĻߡ׼䲻³ȴԲΪ
ֻһ϶ѣ޷˽⡣
һ㣬Ȼܹ²õҲֱ֪ͥ³ǺܶͿԷſֽţŵĲʵٴμӿ죬ǧ׵˿ڣôҪװȥ
ͥзǴܼǿߣ忡ܣǷ뿪ͥ
۾һתͻȻѯʵ
ͥпɲֻǴܼǿߣῡܲЩͥǱޡ
ЩԸֻǣ뿪֮ͥͥһһһ䣬ͥҲΪĿҲһǱ򡣡
˻˵
Ҳ˵ͥʿǿԳȥģֻǳȥ󣬾Ͳͥݱӣ磬û˭ںǲͥ˾ˣ˭˵֡
ˣ֪ˡ
׵ͷ˵
СѴ˴ǰҵͥȻûбʾոһϣ֮Ӵ֮㣬ؽϼѣԯҲûбĶ룬ָֻϳӦûȥۡСѡ棬Ȼٺò
ԯЦ˵ּ䣬ȻͿһֻСɵָϳϡ
ָֻϳ͸ͨսƣڳУһͭĿżֱǰʼָϷָϲͨһ
öԯҲãһ챦ָϣ̽ӦΧڵ飬ܹĿ꣬׷٣սϣ棬Ǽ档
Ц˵ⶫѰõĺãδزһñ
ָϳĹͼֽҲһ𽻸㡣
ԯЦٴθһͼֽҪͺôҪôͣҪ͵ĻȻҪһ͵λˡ
ǺǣȻ˶ũҲûУֻһЩƽʱѼҩѡũЦ˵
лػʣҩҲҪƷֻҪӣǰж٣ҾҪ٣ơҴ׾ԲеϲԱһЩ챦ϣõҩȡһԴԴϣȡ֮֮ߵıأݽߣЩֻҪõǿôȥġ
ƵҩҩΪһĸ̡
һ̣ҪʲôƤֱӾͿũӵеҩӣһ¡Ҫˣһͷˡ
㻹ǲ
ũ̲סһЦȴ¶һ˿Ϊ˳ܹ֮˲Ҫ棬ΣһıôԲʲô¡
οֵͥܳ£һЩⲢʲôֵֵ顣
ҲգռһǧҩӣһӡУһѵãɫ̡һȡһɫƷӡһƷֻǧ꣬£ֻƷңֳֻꡣ£ͲɫɽΪɫΪɫؽΪɫΪɫ
ũЦŽ˵һȡ
θҲ࣬Ʒֻһǧ꣬Ʒһꡣ
˵ȫ裬ͥͬҪ˼˳κκöҲֱȫһˡ
ɫ̣쵮һףв˼ĹЧɫУֽȻͬĿڸУһĹЧ׳ܻ壬ڸԸӣһԪʮꡣңԪûƵģ̷ɳƷסס
ɫ̵á
Ʒʱûаٷְٻ壬ԪʮĹЧֻꡣƷʱֻһꡣɽװ꣬һ£ؽһ죬һʱ
˵ֻҪ򵽣һһؽײεɫ̣ܹάֲϲڻ¡
ɼɫ̵֮Ǿ䡣
棬֪öΪ䡣
ⶫֻũС
лũĳΪװлػʡһũһݣӹװӵĴһҩӣ׽̴ƵĵҩؽǿȫµĵҩҪ֪ҩÿһ֣пּܵʮǼֲͬĵҩ
ܸͥģһ
Ц˵
ͥ޷ֻ֣Ͻֲ
ĳһ֮롣ͻȻ˵
뽲
˵ͷ˵
֪ͥǷи־飬ĳҪӡһݣˣҲҴ׵̸ӳ档п˵ͥĵλţӵеĲԲ
ͥȻв¥ֻǣͨӡ漰УȴɵáҪ׵жһ
ũ˵


1989 屦
׵μ㡣в⡣
´ûѵͣͥҲʲô޳忪ţĻγһֲƽƷҪ
׵ԣֻҪйѫƽõˣйѫ¼ڲᣬֻҪǰͥͿȡ׵㣬ƾ蹱׵㣬ܻȡͥӵеıҲΪƽ
Ц˵
һ׹ƶڣȻԽһвƽҪʲôͥеģǾù׵һҪûй׵㣬ҲζţûжףȻûжһʸ˭˵䲻ǡ
ӸԴϽì⡣
֪ĳ׵㾿ж١
һҲɵһ˿֮ģֱѯʵ
Сѽ˳ħսϣΪȡˣ˳ǽʥͥռңͨ£۶ˣ˴֮׵㣬һ㶼١Ҫһκζ⡣
ЦǺǵ˵
ҪЩΪ¹Ĺͣһǣôԥĸֺô裬ָϳиҩӣӣЩûҪ׵㣬ֱġֵѾɹǶиĽԼóı
ӡ̺Ĺ׵㡣Լ鿴ɡ
йâһһöӡ͵ǰ
ֽӹȥһУ͸оӡ֮һޱϵ·ѪԼһ֡
ӡ

ݣʥ֮ͥ
ףʮǧٶʮ㡣
һɲǼ䣬һѶϢȻĳԺС
⹱׵μġЩѯʵҲ֪⹱׵㵽Ƕ໹١
׵˶㣬мˣ崫С磬һ壬ֻаˣǰ֮УȻ˻֣֮һɲͻ壬һȹ˿һˣһ㹱׵㣬СЩΪ˴ʮǧٶʮꡣңֻڲӡֻҪײϱǿɳȻԷ塣
˼˵
ֻһ㣬оͶ޷Ĺס
ȻҲˡķչżĹиְ޷һԶ
ңһʥ֮ͥݣԽͥУѡͥ׸֧֡
ԯҲ˵ͥ屦⣬̺ʷĸ챦֮࣬Ȼɼѡȡκ˵һĻԵ컯ο֮󣬻ԼѡԹ׵жһ
ڵ壬Ǹ콾ǿ̣ǿĽݡ
ҪȻڱУû̫塣
ҾͲˡ
Ҳһϲ
ж屦Ҳ൱ĺڴһĵ̣кܶඥ챦ڡ˵ҵҪıǲؼġ
еı飬˵Ҳ¶һĨ΢Цûгɣһ屦⡣
屦λãȻ֮¡
һ̤ȥͿǰһƬڡ챦ӳУһϣ˸ֱÿһܸܵʮֲǷƷ
챦ѡûѰҶǶ˳кôıһΣ´ͥͲ֪Ҫʲôʱˡ
Цѵ
Ȼ֪
ɨܣֱһǰͻȻ䣬һǰһ޴ľʯͨ˸貵ǳ֮⣬䱾Сϰסճǳ
ǳ֮
ĿãҲɵĵһǳ֮ûмȴûм˾޴ǳ֮ǾްѽСʵ̫ˡ
ȫ
ǳˡһöǳµǳġǱԴ۶ɡǳ֮Ҫƶɽ𡣡Цſ˵һԪУǳᦾǳ֮죬ÿһУҲֻһǳ˶ѡѾѹǿգѹء
һöǳˣɲ򵥣ǵ깥ҹ磬ҹǳսƷһǳһ磬ǳˣγ籾Դ
ԯ̾
ֻһǼֵ޷
ñһѡ
Ҳһϲǳ˿Ǳǳ֮󣬴ֹģǳָǳǳ֮޵׶Ҫˣǰһö;ˣνǽȼü֮
Ҫǣǳˣ㹻Դǳ֮ǿԴıء
ãһҲЦ˵һָǳ˷С
ʲô
ʱֿһ
ֻһͼֽ
ͼֽһ㣬һսΪǿսսԻǳ֮ΪɱУѸսһǿĴɱԯЦŽܵ
սҪףһͿշУѲķܾסʿӵмǿĺڴϣ¸ն񻷾
ҪҪǳ˴ǳΪġ
ɣһķ
йâ˸վ¡ڶ
һԣֿһ
ⱦҲأһԴͷ­ͷ­·ķɣɢصɫʡ
ʲô
кѯʵ
һ챦ں֮õģƺԡ˵ֻҪںԣͿǻۣҵõǿ飬°빦ż档ǶԹƽף󣬴ȷʵ°빦
ũԺЦ˵
ҾҪˡ
ȴԥѡ񣬽УԵ
ڿʱѾ;뷨
˵˿ֻ΢죬漴û̫⡣
ҲڱԹ׵һ˼챦ǰ¥ӡղصĸ伮Ӱټҵľ䣬Щ˼ײľİټҴС
磬ũҵġũҽҵġҽ䡷С˵ҵġ澭ҵġīҵġīȵȣЩ̺ټͨеĹСЩǰټҴĴ֮
ЩڣײѧеİټѧԺʽĳͣдеĸչȥ˳¡׵ῡǿߣԴԴϡĴС
һδͥлȡ࣬кܶ඼ҪԹ׵жһеĹ׵㹻࣬ӡĵ伮һ֡ڴͥ뿪ʱ϶ŻЦ⡣


1990 ɺ
ˣķˡпв૵
صģЩĵرǿոһһǳ֮ҩӣӣ챦ҪӲҪ˵ϴͥеõЩ伮ǰټҴУǿߵĴйһ׳ĸ
һλõĵ伮̫ˡൽԼоľ
У뿪شף治ȫˡ
΢󣬵һʱѡ
СֽУ֪ең˵գֱ˻Ҳǲܡ
ȥݣȥݣ
һ䣬̤ƶ죬һʹ߶ſ򿪷ش׵šȻһ̤Уԭʧ
ùϵʥȻôѡ뿪
ͥг϶ЯŴĺöһƱҪ˵һˡ
ϧʵ̫ϧˡ
ڰеĿ׷¶ϧɫȻһĻ֣ǣߵҲ̫ˡһƬ̶ֱͣӾ뿪ˣǴ򿪵ĿŰ
ֿͬ̾ŵֶΣֱǽ磬û˭׷·
ߵĵǿ졣
Уĸ΢΢һ̧ɫ䣬ȴɴһ˿Ծϵľᡣ

ɫ谵졣
ˢ
ħƽУһϹâ֮еӰų֡ûͣâһ£Ѿʥڡ
ĹУҷֱӵһ߶ǵľ壬ϸȥȻǻľ¹ӢŮֵޡܿ϶һ˿죬֮ǰĹһʮּҵɱ
һ̣Ȼ¶һĨϲɫ
ľӢǷˡ
ϴЦűסŮ͵׼ڣЦ
ոջع飬еջѾ䵽Уεջν޴ޱȣò¶ɫԱʵջ޷ƽ顣
Ѿ١
ܿڣϱԴ۳һͼϲϽ֯á
ԼԼ䣬ܹؼáһ䣬ܿ̽컯ޱȡ֮һ
ηõıﲻǻҪúùϲľ¹Ӣ໥һۣЦ˵еУѾףαȻıء
λߣȥۿһһջ񵽵ľ˲Ƹ
Ц˵ּѾ·ŮҲ󷽵ѣߣԴҲ൱棬ֻ֪еķһǰبŽ򣬿ɾ巢ʲô飬һ㶼жݵջ񣬾ԲСĿ
ߣȥ󡣡
Ц˵
һ䣬Ѿн硣
нԲؾΪģɡһʥء
޴Ĳؾءһ㣬˸ɽֹĸо
ղŴ׽еĹ伮־䡣
̤ؾСпռ䣬嫹㲩һܷűšҹ䣬ܿڲؾǱĿľ䡣
һ¥Ϊͨ伮μ顣־塣ɵľ塣﷭ģֻҪһǮƣܽʮֱˣѧĹͨȵȣҪħģ⴫һ¥ͨڣйһѧҪħġЩڲؾ¡˭⡣
ͨĵ伮û̫ҪֻҪ󣬿Լӡһ㣬ֹ
¥Ǹֹ伮У¥Ϊƽײι伮
¥ΪϽף¥Ϊͼס¥ΪףζϣؾѾﵽʮ㣬ʮѾ漰֤Ĺ伮Уеľ徭䡣
ͺñһĹ龳Ҳᱻֱӷָһ֣ڲͬ¥֮УԲͱǰ߲Ѱٺ֡
ͬһĵֶΡҲǱ⴫ʧĿԡ
ħȻϾһʧҪһѰƽⷽδؾͲ
ܶ飬ûоԡ
һ޴ڡ
ÿǰؾ󣬶һͬ麣ĸоľЦ˵üӢȻھУȴϲ顣ÿÿпʱǰ顣
ؾУᣬпõۿѡһ裬ߺȲ裬߿飬εȵ⳩졣
ǰҲҴ׵ĸЩһֱβؾ󣬴ؼѼĵ伮ħսϵĵ伮дҹսѼĵ伮Ҿãؾؼ֮ȵģָֻ
¹ӢҲ̾˵
ÿУʲôʱսƷУԸֵ伮Ϊȣһʱռؾ
˵麣һ㶼Ϊ
¼ʥ
ؾУһâһɫ۵߸֣ɡ
ţϣһΣʥõһЩ伮¼ؾ󣬷űࡣչ
Ц˵
ǣʥ
ϻϲӶˡɾɽˣݻʱߺһؾѾܲɷˡ
Ϊɣϲľ鼮ÿ麣֮Уӣֱңڣɶңµ鼮ĿܣûмޡͲԽԽáµĵ伮ǿԼĺһǻϲȻö˵

еȻһЦûгɣһ֣ʱֻһľԨԴϵĳ֡
ˢ
ֱһ׹⣬ЩڣţЩۿɼٶȷɱ䣬Ȼֱӷֽһöö֣Ϸţı壬ȻȻĻΪһҳҳİֽȻЩ־ֽϣһУһУɼ
תۼ䣬һ۳һᡣȻֱͽһУղּޱȣۿԭȵľ֪Ҫɶٱ
деľ伮ͬ۳һᡣ
Ļ棬ϳ֡
۳ᣬڰϡΪؾеĲ顣ֹ̣ɫʣܿ˿̲סŴͣһĿɿڴҲ¶𾪡ȫû뵽ῴؾĻ档
һš
ֻܿһµ鼮ôԴԴϵĳϡ
µ֣ܳȻ󣬿յܣͿʼۿɼٶȳʵڲؾеϢۿɼٶȿʼӡһ֮ȻȻûڣ¶֮ɫı䣬ǵš
дĹ伮ͬΪᡣֻǣһİᣬڳͺֱӷɢֳᡣ¥㡣
һΣĵ伮ˡ
ڲؾеʿĿˣһ˿ơ


ϺѪ
ɾ

һŹֻҪ֣ףǵУ˼Ľ


1991 Ǻɱ
ʥʥĵ伮Ҳ̫ˣոҿдȻݣȴܿƷ׾ԲͣγᣬѳݣǸֲᡣľߡǷƷ
ڲؾеĹ˭֪
ĿòؾĻ棬Ȼ֪ѵķݶԽ࣬ζţƷԽߣĲξԽߣ֪һŹ޵Ĵû
һΣ´ζ֪ôࡣ
һε׵õٹ伮Ѱ伮Ѿǧ㡣伮ͬ١ľҲ̲סһ⻭̫ˡܶ๦Уŵĸ
ؽҴ״вĸڡԽ࣬Խѹַλϲϲɫ¹ӢҲͷ˵漴ѯʵոܶ伮Ǵ֮УΪβֱ¼伮֣ĻԸرݡ
ʿĴѶϢ֮¼޲ǵӦ֣ʮֱݡ
λ֪ؾеᣬɲͨᣬǴᣬв¼Ÿ֣Գضص־⡣⣬̺ڵм䣬ʱʱĶܹ˲ԾĶе򣬸̵⣬Ƴ³¡ֱˣֻҪԸ⣬ᣬһнѶϢֱӴݵԺеֻǣ˶ѡ
ɵȻһЦ˵
ؾ챦Ȼ̺죬ܽе伮תɴ顣
в಻ˮ֣²ԡ£Ȼкôпǻۡһֶ״̬ܶԭȲĹذڶӭж⣬ֱƿǰ˳ͻƣ⡣
˵ڲؾеĴ飬֮򣬲죬ǰģȻвһջ
֮еİʿϲĴ鼮Ϊÿηģܲһĸ񶼱øӵƽ͡
ȻᵽеĲһ㡣
򴫵ѶϢֱӹעԺУ̡
һ¥֮У־伮ǧ飬˾̾ѡкĹ伮أ̴
˵ģڲؾеʿѾһȣ׼ȥһЩ伮ѰԼʺϵĹһĪ컯
ãããҲؾһվΪؼָĸ֮ءʹ죬ʹѽ
ɴ۾Ҫгһϸˡ
εջ񣬴Ԥϰ
ҪеİټҴУô֮УټҴΪʵӵдеĸ
ˣˣȥݡ
ЦŻִŮ뿪н硣
һ룬ѾʥУպǺ
£ǰǹۣգۼ䣬һͨǳ֮£ǳ۶ɵӰѾ֡޷ݡУȻһЦ漴ʩǺס
Щ꣬ȫǺڣдķ򡣡Ц˵Ϊһ챦ŶвС档
£йâһȻܿͥлȡöѾǰ
һöԣÿںϣԴ֮ǻ۴ɱ䡣
ٴ˵ԳǺ˹ȥ
ֱǺײһ˲Ϣ䣬ͿķĲ˸ٲǺţȻ𣬻ΪǺڻΪǺٴλۣһ۳ֻһɢһ֮䣬Ѿ仯з·ܿ޾ѶϢÿʱÿ̶кѶϢڻ۴
Ǻиֳһ˿ϲаллףöں֮Ѿɱ䣬Ըܾ顣ܾ顣ǻۣӵˣ˵Ůش⣬ֱݣ
Ǻٽӵ˵
Եںϣ˲䷢ɱ䣬ϸĹܡǸУ顣
磬ҪѧϰգֻҪ㻯飬ǣͬ㣬һָˣʲôʱ䣬ʲôϣʲôʳģʲôĻοƣһһʾǰû¹⿳ζȻҪڳϸ룬ǾͱҪԼһ㣬Բġ
ңָʿӵг⡣ڸϣνһָߡ
Ļܹ߲֪·
Ǻô࣬޷
ˮı壬Ѿɱ䣬鱦УƷ׼ߡӵǿ۴伮ԽΪݣݳƷ׸ߵĹ
ܺãΪһֽףȡһķǱңǿԽǿҴ׵ĺôԽ󡣡Цŵͷ˵
׷ģе飬ǺΪ飬鰴ǻ֣һ飬飬ÿһףеܶӣߵȨޡ
Ǻ΢΢һЦЩǾͨĺܡ
ǱҾǾǺо޴ôȻҪݺոһҪҪʮöǱҡ׾ҪһöףҪһǧö
ܺãЩԼվͺá׼ٴţʱͬǹȥ
׵ͷ
ǣס
Ǻ΢ЦŴӦ
漴Ǻ䣬ǺıѾΪһ壬޴ڣܸǵ

Ǻʧľ¹Ӣ¶һĨ𾪣ȻĴڣһֱǴΪصĴڣôҲû뵽ܹۼı塣
֮䣬ȻĹϵ
ΪģױȻҪֻ£׻о޴ı仯˼˵ܶ಻ܵ鶼ɿܡ
ҪЩʲô
ľѯʵ
ȥµƽ翪١
Ц˵ƽ翪٣ѵãѾѶѼһ
һ¼䣬ȻͿŮѾִһʱ䣬ܶȺޣضҪʧȥɫ

Цź
ŮҲһ
ߣǼƽ翪١
Ц˵
ּ䣬һȺѾһƽСƽ硣δ٣һƬߡ
йâһһ챦Ѿǰ
챦ƻɫʰԲǹ졣ڲϵתɢ⡣һϢȻ챦ǡ
Ϊģƽ硣
ǽƽУȻ䣬һȻȻŨᴩƽ磬ֱƽֿΪ磬̺ԴԴϵĹעƽСգۼ䣬ƬƽѾƽͬС


1992 ʹ
ƽ룬Ȼһ޴ɽɽһ渡ֳھǣһ״ӵ˳к󣬱ϹϾİݼ飬ݼˣ˴
Ƿ·ҽʣر
Ȼҽ磬Ժͽҽˡڸ˵˵ӵʲôĹЧǷɱ䡣׵ͷ˵
ոֻǻƽףȴѾؽףĹע£ֱǿ鱦ĲΣɳںϣԺ󶼲롣
ˣڻƽʱΪһ˿һϣӴ֮ʹߣ޷ƾٴοϣֻп֮ϣʱΪʿٿһϣԭڻƽʱһϵˣҲܼԡ֮⣬µϡڵؽʱԿϡлףлῪĵϡ
ҽ˵
ɱְȻһš
ԭˣҲЩʵ
˼˵
˵ֻܿһϣȡԡ֮Упܵöϣڿδ棬ǣÿһףܶһԡ֮Ļᡣң֮ǿԵڵģһԡƽײεĽ֮⣬ڶףǵؽסÿһζδֻһöϣпöпöζţǵļֵпνӡ
д˱ڣ׾ڵİգûϵϿٷлܹϣǻԵɺ£ܵһЩϣͨ߳˽ܡҴһ֮ء
һĨ֮ɫ᲻ı֮
¼䣬ҪϣҪϵʧܵĿԣܽ޲ǧ࣬ҪͼѡֱֿӿϵıնԣδһĪĻԵ
˾٣Īɡ
ζţֻҪ֮У˶ԽϾͼҪͼҪööϣͼǿٿٳöϣѾǴﵽ޶ȣȫԽͼһˣǰ·Ȼٿĵ·лʵǿ̽
ǸװյĸһĽݡ
ؾṩ°ܹΪʿǵһΪ°ƽͼĵ·ǵڶһɣ׵ʵ˵õ޴ĸı䡣޶ȶӡɣʢһ֡Ҫֻ֪Ҫͼ߿ɵһǧԪ
֮Уܻǧ꣬ѾǷ֮ɹ
Ů϶¶˷֮ɫǶءһһپ١
ʮƽ磬ȡΪ硣ܵõɱ䡣
׵ͷΪһƽ綨
Ҳûгɣʮƽ磬֮ǰûݻһħݻţΪħ磬һڵĽ磬һҲûѡ档
ֱóֽǣʮƽںϿ٣ֱݻȫµƽ磬һƽУһֽǣ·һ͵ķ¯Ӵ֮󣬸۶нзֽ⡣ʺһڷֽбֵķϣ
㻯飬ˡ
ݻֽɱ󣬹ЧԷֻķֽͶӰķַֽܽƷΪΪһΪ챦ɳһֶصķϣϵȵʣϡǳֳһɳģ·ˮɳ
챦ɳнͨתΪֻҪ챦ɳУоܲʣؾĹЧֲ衣
ѵã챦ɳΪϣȴͨӵͬһĹЧֲνǵǷ
зƷۻ࣬յĲ࣬Ϊ챦ɳ֪һȥ䣬ɼӰ죬ֲͨ롣Ҳܴƴװյ롣
ܴзֽĵر
һҲȡΪ硣

Դ˹ʮƽȫ٣Чܡڴ׵Ĳӡ
ڴ˿̣ܿڲ⣬ħ򽻽ĽǰҲǽУȻܿһս﷫𺽣սȻĲɣ緫ǶħƤ
Ӳͨĺ̺ŴҵĿռײ£ռռ伷ѹŤУղҪҪôΪǿҪôӵжɺӵı˿̣ܿУһǷУ̺ǿռ֮Уϯ£и
ֻǣɫıɢһɫ磬֡
ڴϣȻܿдӰ
ϸȥгż䣬ʮֿľ飬һս£ϱž鹭һھսеӢŮһˣȻСȴǿܿȫ£һ鼡񣬹ͭɫļɢǿҵϢ̲ס룬У̺ŶǿһŴžңͬСȴͬǰ㽡׳Ļˡ
սʿЩ壬ܿ𷢱ۣǶ֣һԱܸоӿĶʱܱ˵
һʦۣۣۡ
ʦŷȣվڴͷԶ¶һĨãڴ
ʵ򡣡
һ˹ں

ʦ׵˵ͷ
һκڰħѾʼƣѾҪ֧ŲסˣŴħѾڲϻҴ½Ѿ߽⣬һ׵óѣħ򣬶Ϊ
˵ϵĵȫǿԿõġ
׵ıԲóѡҪΪħ׼ؽǴʵϵ˵һ㣬ʮֵļš
һʹţǰʥͥĻԸô׶ҪףһΣֻ¾Ҫ޹ˡ
һãȻ
ʼҲ䡣
ε̫Ҳ̫ˡ
ڰħͻȻ䷢𹥻ŴУΪħԭ򣬸Эڲ߽⣬սУһսܣڰħϯأ֮һƬң鱻¾ڰϢϯأħݺᣬȫҪΪħ
鱻ħ
ֶ֮ײпɲ֪Ϊ֮塣
׵£и飬ʹףӴԮڰħħΪˣҲһ֧ʹţǰԮ
ڴſ׵ľȱħ


1993 ִ
ңҰǴɱףδػĳߣħҲΪ׵Ľ¶һĨǡ飬Ӳ֪ж٣ھԵǰûνԼԡô࣬ڰħҪħ飬ΪħԻ£޾ƻվ˳ǴҪռħҲռҪǧٱ
ʵҡҡͷ˵
ڴ׳ռ첳֮ħҲѾõϢȻ֪׽ڵģͬŴ׻ħ𹥷ûн䱸ǲܵġ
ֻǣڰħͻȻֵ£߶Աȡ
Ȼȷѡ
Ըħ򽻸ףҲԲԸ⽫򽻸ħסףǻܻȡ棬׷ѶϢǴķȻţ֮ǰʵõĴǴķڻĺúõģɳڣܵĸ
ǱռݣҲľлףΪ׵ѫԹ
֮䣬Ȼǵѡ
ڰħ׾˵Ѿ̨Σ۳ڰ̳Լ̳֮׼ħ򣬴ﵽ̨ĲΣѾܻɱͲ֪֮Уûдﵽ̨ǿߡûУ׽̨δػ׳֡Щǵ˵
ǵľ׵Ϊʵ
ΪԽߣԽѱɱﵽ֤ǼѾͬڲ𣬵ᡣ
ഫʥݺħսɱҹսһΪʵɲ⣬ǰչ¶ģѾﵽ龳̨δؾûдɣӲҪ˵ĵ̣Խ׶սʥ֮䣬ʾԲܳԽʥֻҪǰף˵֣֮֮Ȼսᡣ
ʵϵ˵
Ʋ⣬ױѾ׼ħ֣Դ£϶ŵĽŲħ֣֮罻ס٣֮Уܹҵ֮
ʱһӢľ˹
˸˹˳Ǿʲô㡣
ѯʵ
Щֲȥģбȥıγʹףܲܳɹ˵ң˵׾ڣҲо岿ڣ׼׺취Щϵϣ˲ź㡣
˸˹ƽ˵
ٺ٣ǰ뷨ͬ˵ǰֵܣڴʥͥУеλÿ춼òԭϣкȲơֱ
ЦǺǵıžҴһڣ
УкȲƣı
Щ棬һ붼Ҫˮ
ʵޱȵĽڴеİֵǡ
֪Уսƽӣֱӳ벳ڡ
𣡣
սһʱȻ䣬ӴУһɾ޴ˮڵתΪһ޴УսҲУֱȥ
ʲô
ãǿޡ
ںһͷ޴
϶ʱֳһ
˵ӵѪۣͬпµͨڴУſڼ䣬ܹɺ飬ǿƻǿںУͬԳ֮Ϊһ
飡
ʵзǰصһ٣зϵһεŴиǹȥ޴ε£ϱ飬ţаһµĺǧ˳𣬰žˣȻܿһǧɵľ޴ˮ
ףžͳսſ
ҪһھͽսԼϵȫ̽һĻ쵽ˣսǿȥ
Ҫˡ
ֹ֣ͷ
ϣɫ䣬Ϲâ˸ת£ѾʼֻѾˣĶ̫죬һ£ͳս޴ٴγС
ûжãٴγ棬һѪ£ȻܿһսӲڳ˳ҵıںϣѪȾ캣档սͷȻܿʵһڳȾѪϴӽ䡣һ¶ɫĽֲС
ٴλָ֮ǰƽƮȻ
ߣǰ
ʵ򷢳һ
սûյӰ죬ǰʬҲսɲͨսȫؽɣ¸ַģ׽ǿ󣬿գδ󺣡ͬǿĹҽսȥ˵ֶӾҡ
дƽΣղʹǰĹУϳָΣգָĺݳֻǣգһһɱ
֪УڿһƬʱͻȻ䣬εĿռ֮ܣһ޴ĳǽƾմи֣ǽ֮ߣоžŰʮһɣһȥ·һɽǰͨѪ죬ɢһŨŨѪϢ˿һۣܸܵ޾ʬɽѪսѪս
Ѫǣ
׵Ѫǡ
ĿѪ£˶̲סһһϱݣУȻ˽⣬˽˽⣬Ŀ£вһĴ
ֹҴʥͥδһ˵ȣڡ
ϣѪսУһս̤վڳǽϣȻڵ
УһȻ
һΪȫܹоѾﵽླһѪսͬΪҲʮǿսڷླڣνսһԪ񾳶Ҳɱ
սΪͬǴӴ߳սһ۾ΪֹһѪսоλȻֻһͨƷоҲѫ֮ң޶Ůޱ⣬ڴ׵ӵǿȥġ
ճֵأǶޱȣ˿©
ĿһսǰȵͬʱҲǵֹʱ䣬ֻЩԽӣҪףЩǴĿĶǰһЩͬսɢϢԶ֮ǰЩֻҪǿ
ҵħиʹţǰʥͥʥҵȳʹ飬뽫ġǰһһ鳯Ѫǵ˹ȥ
ӹɨһۣȷʵǳʹ飬ӡǡ
ԷУɱλǰɳǣǡִǣԱǽ봫ǰʥǹݡֻҪڹڵȴʥȻӼǡ
黹ȥ󣬴˵У
£ͿѪϣһβ֣ʼʵת䣬ͬһڳ϶һ޴Ķһ㡣Դдн
л
ʵ򿪿ڵлսǰѪǣ׾ڡͬʱһرսʿ̤սָǰС


1994  ͨ
һôоЩһڴѪǺ󣬱ܵĸоؼϢ·һӱòͬػƬأȴǸоЩһ
Ҳоˣƺһİĸоƽͣ
˸˹۾֪ܱߣ漴˵
Ĳͬ׾ڣ٣ؼ򣬹ȻؼԪøºͣϢм׺ܹУܹʣӰ
ʵһ̧ۿգ˵
һ١
ңȻɷԪвɷĻ£˶Եñ꣬ǿҵޱȳ嶯顣
׾ڣɷԪУν֮١Ȼ˵ȫûСֻǣǴڣֻҪﵽһŨȣͻᱻһεĥ˵֮˳֮֮
ħһƬңǰúƽľ壬սгǧ꣬ѣƽ͵ԶܵɷӰ죬˿̣һ̤׾ڣ߶Ա£˲ܸܵеĲ֮ͬ
ʲôʱħָܻƽ
Ǹп˵
Сֵܣܸܲ˵һ˵׵һЩǸո̤ףʲô˽⣬δʲôٶ˼ɻ䣬ҪСֵָܶһ
ʵ򿪿ڶվڴͷĴսѯʵʮº͡
ʹֻһͨսǴ֮еһԤѣҪ׵أҲ֪Ҳ˵һЩĻǿԸ֪һ
սԶһԤսڷڼ䣬ճѵѪǣְ
СֵģֻҪ˽һЩ׵ĻѣԲҪʲô鱨
æ˵
Ҵʥͥӵ˿ڶʮףÿһɳѹԲǧҰɳΪġԶҲûгɣڼ򵥵˵Ŵ׵Ļ
Ȼܶ඼ǸʵѾ֪ģ˿̣ûдϣҲһЩû˽⵽ѶϢ˵Զڴ׵ĺ֮Խӵǿҡ
ֱԾͬڶ硣飬һͬ񻰴һ㡣𺳣Ȼǿ֪ġ
̸УԶָ£ܿͿǰһĵĵռݵСû½أһ޴ɳǰȻĵܣѾĽһۿڡ
ȻܿۿͣһҴֻЩֻϻŴˣűʱдֻ뿪ۿڣǰ󺣣ЩͽˣǰܱߺԺݡһض飬ܻȡԴǮơȻҲĪ⣬ʲôΣնпʱлزĿܡ޷赲ͽ˵顣
ڴУΪ棬ͽͽ֮䣬ɱ
գĴǶġ
ƵˣһֻԶԡȻҵһץȻǱε³
ǰǹǡ
Զָǰɳ˵
ôĳǳأ˿ھȻôࡣİգŴ磬ϵɫϣĸطȫһĿãʶķһૡ
ħУ˾޴ĳǳأֻǲпܣңе˿ô࣬Уϣİգÿһϴŵ·ۣħϲĴѷɫϸһɫûС
Զ˵ģڴ֮УѰ˼ңҲһͣٶٹܱңʱĸԳϼףϼ⡣ȫõĶӡħУ˵һͣһͶ֤ˣͨƽգǾһһͣδܳԵñǳĻϡã޷֤
͸ӲҪ˵ڵǿˡֻҵս̸ʲôչĿԡ˭˼ȥƷʡ
£߲㶼Բһͣܶ඼һ;൱
УһͲ˵ϻԳҹ
ҹˮȫǲҹǡ
սִۿڣԶ죬ʾʹ飬׼ǣսȴֱСʵЯȻҲһ
һߣҲһ߹ۿš
⣬пѳũŸũ࣬Ͼ⴦ĵɳǣλþͲ̫󡣵ܱ˶۵ũĳʳ۾ڷŹ⡣
ʳħ˵ͻɲСѪ¼ᡣ
߽ڡȻܿһֱĽֵڳݺᡣ
ֵߣе̣Ҳһ·̡̯
Ǻ«óԵǺ«洫ƣõ۵䣬һöһ
޻ǣ޻ǣһöҾܹ
ձ洫ձԣ򼸸ձһض顣
һ߽ȥ۾Ҫ
ܱߵ־ȫǵԤơ
ǼģҲûмģ磬ڽֵߵһ̲꣬ȺſŶӽйڵ̵ſڣһ龧ھϣȻֳһĻ棬һ̲裬̲裬Ҭ̲裬춹̲ȵȡӾϸֳĻ棬ʮˣ˿̲סҪһúƷһ¡
⾧Щڴгֵ칤ķԸֻ棬ܱͼ漰صķļڴУ֮Ϊ
⾧еĹؼԴѶϢ棬ԱͶӰΪӰϾͷͬһ㣬õһֶصĺϳɲϡҺ־ϣԸͶӰͼʮ
Һһϳɳͱõֻ֮һ
ЩڰУȴʮ־ȵġ
ͬѽ˴ׯ԰һ
̲裬ȣ¥¥͵Ĳг
еؾѵɳô
üؾڳι䣬ĴƷԱӵе̣۸ֵؾƷ
Ǿˣ߶ô
˸˹Ҳ¶֮ɫոտвپڽ߶ŮŮߣ֣һ̬оŮ˵Ц̲ڽй䡣
аŮӡ
Уֻ壬ڡ˺Ļ棬𾪡
ʲôֵģҴʥͥȣʥ׿˵ʥͥ˴Ȼ˳Ѻ岢ֹסɳ壬ֻҪҴѺãڳһʮнɳǣн׽ͨޡ
Զһݵ˵Ըףܹȡ׻¼켮켮Դ֮󣬾Ǵ񣬴һͬʡײֹͨ顣ŮӿԼףһɻ飬ͿԶӵд׻¼켮ȡ켮ŮҲɼ壬ֻҪԸ⣬׵ӣԼףȡݡ


1995 Ҵ
ʲô׼ͨ飬ɻ֮󣬿ԶȡݻһͬʡǸʵԣºҲɵӿֳһΡһ仰ı졣
ķν֮ϡһԼµͨ飬һ֣ͻʩĳͷֱӻɱЧȡˣʾɱһӰ٣ǡ
ڴУȻͨ飬ɣһ󿪴ԵĴ١
׵ȣǿɼһߡ˴ʵֻ˵˵ѡ
ҴʥȣѰܱȵġ㿴֪ۡ
Զߵһͤǰһۡ
ײۣͬ㹻ȿǡĴڣ°սϢʮֵףֽɾгڣٷۡΪױǹٷձĶһЩٷʩطһЩʱ¡ڴӰͬױ⣬ֽ
廨ţν൱֡
һױֱӵݸʵ
ʵҲɣϸ˹ȥ
ױֽʮ־һֹ⻬ĴУֽţƤֽ֪Ҫ϶ٱϲЩû̫⣬Ŀⱻױϵָס
һƪѡԴ׳϶ݡ

壺ʥ׾һ΢޷ϵ顣
ʥ
壺׾кܶǰѯʣԲĽ˫ҪΪޣ֪һף׵ܷףȡӵݡ
ʥ΢Ϊɣı죬Թľԣ˭Ҳ޷Ԥ֪δЩͨ壬ǷܹĹ˳ף˳塣ģǻɳǡɿѽ
Ⱥʥ˼
ʥҴ֮ǿǿϢѪԲ棬ǿε̷壬壬ΪˮޣηѪɱη壬־塣Ϊ֮ġ塣Ϊ岢㹻ͬҪдȣɰٴ
Ҵ׽֮壬΢ЦƣΪеȺսɱ¾ˣ˻٣ѻ࣬ɱ¾ǽΨһʽ
ձʥһأŮԸҴףɻ֮󣬿ֱӻȡ׻ȡ켮ӵдװյݵλӭȢŮӣڴףȡݡһͬʡ¹ԱգöԴӡ
ҴߣΪ񣡣

ۡϵ¼ĳ¼װ׵ĸ֪£֪׾壬ֻҪشɷֻҪమ׾Ը󿪷֮ţ֮ƴ֮
ʵһλûдġ
Ǿǣͨ飬ãȡ츳ǿ屾Ѫ磬뾫ͨ飬Уӵоڹ츳Ȼ׺طϡ磬壬ͨ鵮µãڴϣȻ൱ߵ츳
Щ츳뵽ѪУϵȥڵһʱְ뾫˵ģǴȥ츳ѪУֻ»ָû𡣷츳츳޷崿ѪȣȴǶġһ׿ˣȫпܽѪ츳ԶЩĵز
ѪصǰԣԡκѪԺܺõĴȻתԼѪĴСΪá
ңڳϣֱԽԵĴͨڴһͨ飬һãѪռ֮ڶѪռķ֮ѪѪ׾ڣãΪ塣
ֱ뵽СͬһɺĹ
Դ֮󣬲ͨѪжǿĶѪã壬ѪһķУںѪΪѪ
£õ밫ͨ飬ֱӱ٪ǰ㰫С߻һӰ죬ȴӰ̫࣬ܵõѪдݵĶ츳еʧȫ
Ȼֻڴ׸߲нױҲûм¼ȥ
Ҫȥ˵ûһĽ˵ͻ뷨
ְлȡѪ츳飬ĵĽС
øߵ͸ߵõ͵͵͵
ױЩøʵǰ˸˹ǣжԵĸֳһ˿塣
ҴߣΪ񣡣
仰һ֪֮ġ
ŮӣڴżףĽܳ콾ӭȢŮӶҫԼΪ٣ߴߣˮʹȻɣҲܵһ־ٶ
׵ǱȻҰе岿䲻֪Ҫ϶ٱ֪
ԳԱʳֵĳʳСһ֣԰ϷڱݸϷУ˵飬˵Եģģõģȫ֮𣬸ӲҪ˵ףʸУȫǵڶ磬Ϸ֮ͨǰ̽
֣ջ
Դװ䲼ſͨ󣬴ŮѡףѾУ˺ӣЩŮȫԳΪеޱȵԺѧϰ׵ɷԣϰ׵ȵȡĸϰߣס
ڶԣʮĽе
ʹһˣһ·һ·ߣûãͽ˳ڳУ˹ǳʽĳʹŴݵʥ֮Уǰǰ
֪еڡ
һɴ󳼷׷׵ִ
ʹȺн淭ĺ
ڼǰһ˵ʥҴ׵鵽ĸ鱨ʾħУڰħڴ𹥻񡣸ܣˡϳʹҴףĿģԶ׼㣬һҴ׳ԮҪ̽Ҵ׶ħ̬ΡҪۿҴ׵󡣡
ħѾ֧ŲסˣԹۣڰħױȻὫΪħ㣬ˣҴ׽֮ҪҲ鷳ķѾ޴ľӲֻ²ףĺãδزܳųԮħʱûƿ֮¡
Ц˵дһ˿ǡ
ʹŵĵֻ±ͼҪڻлᣬͶףȡ㹻档׷Ĵڣ߽ⲻ֪ǿߵߡ
ţδһռħֻҪıõԱѪУռݴƬλøνУܴﵽЧ
׵ͷ˵


1996 Ϊ
ڰ˴״ûֹͣ̽˽⣬ħֻûһͳĽ򣬾ǹעصڣûһͳŸױռŸ׻ȡģһռݣԸƿ֮ڡ߸ÿ춼ռŴ鱨Ԥ⣬ǹķ룬Ǹȥû뵽ħʹžˣֱ˯ͷٺòˡ
洫ϢħʹŶҴĸʮָȤͨ飬Ϊע˿ħȻǸӣΪֿͬڰħԵʣ֮䣬û̫ìܡ֮䣬Ҳû̫ûп֮ģ˶ԣδزܽЩ廯Ϊá
΢ǰһ˵
Ҵ׸ζԴЩҪͶҴ׵ЩпһֱͶȫ̽ɣǸλݣҴУΪ֮΢Ϊ˼У֮
ٴο˵
ҪͶΰţһ⡣
֮Ȼǲġ׾ڣֻӵһ˳ǲƵĸߡ
ͶȫǴңɢ׾ڣƺҲȡУ˵ͻɱ¿жĥǱҲУ֣ʵЩԾ
ǲɣԺҪͶֻ¶أΡ
Ҫóһ³̡
Ͼŵ·ϣԲ
Խ³̣ԽӦԡ
ڲִ£֪ν
ʥ΢ΪȻҴ׷ſ֮ͨ飬һȣûƣģĽɳ֮ڡֻˡΪԷֶηֲͶ塣
Ϸ־ųǰ˵
뽲
׵ͷʾ
ΪͶҴ׵߲㣬λӵд׻ܹͬȴܹܴѫ븻˼ǻ᲻⡣
Ϸ־һ˵ͨˣѡ񣬽֮ǨڴɳǸĻҰ֮УȻɴڻҰȴٽɳǣԱɵԡҴ֮⣬ͨޣ̣ͨͨ顣ʱȻ£ЩȻΪáǻΪ
׾ڣɳǻǻҰǴ׵ĽڻҰлһƬͶΪס֮أȻټ򵥲Ұ֮ԴڣΪ˸Ŀռ䣬ʹ׾ڵķΧӪƽȰĻ
߲㣬Ծλ󣬽Ǯ港ǣͨƽ񣬽ǣͬǣգ壬ɴͬ
Цͬ
ص㣬ͬ
׻Ѫǿһ츳ͺǰʷУһδα֣಻꣬ͻὫͬԷ˱ɻĵԭأҲµȫµİͼջǻģ׻׻ơ壬Ϊĸһ׻Ѫǿ֮
ֻҪ壬һԼˡ
ڴ׾ڣµͨ飬ѪʼղᱻϡֻͣԽԽߣֻһ㽫Ѫ츳ٵļ̳ںҪȵ巴ӦʱѾ벻ףǣԼδػԸףٴηصҰУֲ
ţħʹǰ񲿳дǼȻҪ׵ĸǾǿʹʱǰҴɳǣԸط顣δ֮
еȻһЦ
壬ûʲôһΪ壬һΪ˴ףһеĻǽԸĻϡ
ңʩΪĻ׽׵ģͻڻҰоɳǸһЩӴ׵ģͻҰ֮УײҿףɣһֶΣȻҲǰٷ֮١
˵˵ζԸڰħףݿɿ鱨Ѿ̨һħʮְԵԺڰ̳֮ħת䡣һɣڽУӵн¸һ֧ǿĶħšаİ˴ħתɵĽšʵС
лһתٴνעתƵζԸڰħϡ
ʣڰħһǿߣ̨ĲΣѾһܼǿߡ
ǽţ˵ӵħ䣬һƷħΪ壬Ӧħ䣬öӽ䣬ÿһöƷħеħ䱾壬һǾööֱħ˴֮еġ
壬壬壬壬壬壬ˡӥ塣
Щħͳ֧µĽš˴ȥˣᱻħתΪšһͻµĻɱ¾еħܿħ䣬Σǿħ䣬ͷųţһٻߣսһƬá鱨ŵɲÿһ֧ǧ㡣
µǣǲģǻɱҲħٴθա
Ǵݻħ䣬ɱٶ࣬Ҳ޼£һöС
ζţҪսǽһ൱ѵĴսħĿ
ֱӵķѪΪݣֱͻħ򣬵ֵսǰߡȲƽסȫռħĻᡣȻٶʵʩն׼ƻһȻеĺڰһɢɳ򵥣ֱӵķƾţܹӵԴԴϵսս־ãҵȲ
ڼϵ˵
ն׼ƻ߸ħս顣
ܳɹ㣬һǺڰħףûн˳˳֮˳˻þҵһ㣬նʵʩǰȫ߱ڶ㣬ȫʵΪ岿£һȻֱңսһߵȫɢսйû̫رټʵԸǴɱпܵĳɹء
˳֮ն׼ƻǳɹҲɲҵĺͬھʯ١򲻵ѣû˻ȥɱһ˳֮ңɱô׵ġɹߣ޼˭˵ڴɱġ
׾û̫⡣
ɱ˾ɱˡ
ն׼ƻԽУ΢ΪȫԳһƻ磬ħȡֻҪħ䣬׵˲߽롣
ٴο˵
һƻδرգƻʤ㣬δһ¡
ܽħȡȻò㲻ܣҲԽħȡĻһ߽ս
ȡһħֶοɲ򵥣Ҵл˲šȡƻԽСֵͨһնףȡҪͨһʧ
׵ͷ˵


1997 
ͨЩνǿ߱ȥģܳżһȥԴԴԴϣõõԴͨȱֻҪȻܹһ·ͨԼƷסûн볯еģ󲿷ֶͨ縵ѩ֪һҶ³˾ժǣƵȵȡ޲Ǽͨ
棬Ըͬȼĸֲд裬սͨǽ֮ͨͨţнйһδεȴȡľ顣
ĸֿνǲ
ӵһ֮
ǿģѾӵ龳ս
磬ѩһնεѾﵽ񾪾ĵزһѾɹߴ׽٣ﵽ߽ٵ⣬ңߵľĵޣΪһ߽ٵޡĵޱȵĵӿ¡Ǵڵʿ
ĵǰ龳ʿҪȻʧɫǰȫᱻһ룬ǣԽ׶ս¡ս̨ǿߡ
ǵķâΪ¡
ڵڵ
ԴһδѪֱǰֱǿһδεĸڽײндɽ٣߽ٵ޵ݣɱġͨУû˭᲻
ֵУͬŴĶǿߣʿһ֣Ȼǿǿ֣ܷӳǿս
ʥʥ
Ⱥͬ
Ȼǵһ׼Ҫųܳ׶Ǭ滹ҪдĴɳǸǹȥȴ£ռݡ
ȻѾȷҪħսλҲһ飬ǸνУҴܷ֧ţȫ濪սһһй
׵ͷ˵
׼û³̣ϢѾˣѾ졣ңУ칤빤֣ɳǣɳÿ춼ӡݻ㱨ڵɳǴȫµĽȫ⣬ʣĲ֣ʱɡ
ʥ߸۰˴鱨ãͬʱսͬʱ𹥻ңѡûһͳĽˣԸõķֻʩչıԡħһɽһ򣬼һͳңҴױڣͬڹעҴ׵һܱ߽֣ѱ򲻻Ϸ𹥻ҴףĻͱҪ㹻֡
ڼ˵
ʣݺĵ˭Ҳ᲻ռһ£û˭ԸĽԼеóȥǲܵ顣
û˭ôĴȡ
׷ܱȵԼ۰һңڡ
ɽʲô
ٴѯʵ
ȻɽǱȽ׹Ŀ֮һ
ɽӵиţħšʵӣڣħΪУǴƬ򣬽ڵ飬źΪħռԴṩ׿ӵѡУǺܶ࣬ŴħΪЩԳǳΪλǳأűӡǲءѡ·ŵĵѡŵӣʮڳΪһ֮塣ӣܼš
ͯǰһٽɽ˵
ǵ͵ṹͬɽһ°գҪҪҹʱṩԸһͻᱻͷǵɱħŵڣ͸ӵײСĻѹֻ֡Ҫʲôġ
еһУΪŷеŬΪһлţΪ˶ŬǵײִŵһϣȻҲǻȥֻǣеѪԣǶɵѹĥ
ԣɽУΪ
ŵֻҪŬͿԣԴԴԴϵĹֵȣǳԣھľʯãԸҪԴÿһöԼӿٶȡнĻҵȵȡ
ԣֻҪܹѹɽеĸţڵͳͳ⡣׾ͿԵõ
ɽ򡣡
׵ͷȺѯʵ
ţ
ֱ³֡
ţʲôǶš
ֱǰſڣսսűȻҪӦսһ޷⣬ǰսߣǺʣŵһǧɡĴǾ޴ġɵӰ죬Ǿ޴ġ
ǲҴ׸󾳽ǿߣ񺣾ϾǴﵽ龳ΣͬʱǰӦԸ׶εսǣеİһнŵʽսУܣҴ֪ͨ°ȫڴСŽܴơȻల£ӦԴΧ֮ҲԳҴ׵ȡ
¼˵
վŵĽǶϣűӰգչԸһ໥Ĺϵûдվڴ׵ĽǶϣȴǴشС˱ǿĥѪ봴ȫȡ
Ȼⲻ˵˭˭ֻͬĲҲͬ
Ųûе̣û齨ȴӵееĵ֮һǿĵݺأħײޱȡһ֧һ֧ǿɲһ׵飬ķѵԴǳضļǶһŵĸС
ҪɱűȲһ˳ȴͬǿʵ㹻Եĵۣɽ򣬸߸㣬óĵԴﵽǧ֮ࡣĵǿǶǿɵƻԲóսڻ¡
ǧñһʱͨɳôĹǷõʱˡ
׵ͷİ취ȫ濪սȻٺòҲԱνˡȻĴͬҪ׼˵ľŸѹֱɽ򡣡
켮Ǳ븺˿ڵǼǣɽеգǨһϣٻҴױաѪԱѹƣĥ𣬱Ҫ˽⵱УظҪ嵱ǿѪԣ޹һ㣬СѾϰǿԲ̡
һķչҪһѪôװǱѹֵѪԡ
һȺУҲȮһȺУҲ¶ǡ
󣬳һѸٰȥ

ħƽС
ֻͨϣâ˸Ȼ䣬Ϳһµӣһ̤һɹ°ȣȻ


1998 
󣬻żͬ³ۣӣòϣܿ߷ֵƣһ۾ܲ²֮䣬Ѫ׵ĹϵϵʶͬϸȥĻͻ֣ᷢ꣬ģǰӵļ󡣿䱳ӰʱԴһ˿Ľ뾴η
ߺˣ
ǳʱһȻ䣬ԿͿߴ񽫽Ȼ֣ǰϵķһϺȡ
֣ǺĳĿˡѾ񲿴ѶõЯŶǵʱͨƣġ
Уâһ漴ͿѩѾ˳żơͨеĹ׭֡
֤ͨУ
񽫲󣬵ͷ漴䲻
ǿ񽫣Ǵʥͥô
Ϊ׵һĨءոճֵ񽫣һּΪǿҵΣգǾԲоģ˸оģֻͬǿô򵥡ңʧϢ·ƬУ޴ڡ
룡
ѩЦŶ˵һҴʥͥϵ磬ڣʮƽеħ硣ոһλ񽫣šûͨǰҲᱻѹ
ʮƽ硣
໥һۣжֳһĨ𾪣ģܸܵƽʮռ򣬾ԲκСǧѷɫ
ƽ磬ȴʮǺεȵĵ̡
ĵ̣붼ʮֿ¡
һκĳʥʾǰҴʮֻӭʥʿ콾ʣ֮͡õģҴӵеԴͬȫģǵҩʣ֮ͬսɱӦоУ¹ѫɻȡѫ֮λʮʮҲ⡣
ѩЦ˵
ţ鷳һΣҪԼǰ׸ؿһһߣ涨ʱ䵽ǰȻط
»˵
ģеͨʱ׻ڸɳУԳͨ衣ңҴ׻ӭ콾ֻҪԸ⣬ʱڴ켮еǼǻȡ켮ʽΪܴװеĴɽ֮СĴס
ѩЦ˵
лǻϸǡ
׵ͷ˵
ûжԣ漴ѩҾʹ뿪ħ磬ֱӽʥ֮ڡ

ʥ֪еڡ
ѩѾִеļ˵
ѩѾ¸һɳΪܲǲǰҪǳأзֲ򱦵ṩĴҩһܵʿߵϲ֧֡ͬڸضݻЩֱһƷ΢չʾһʵ󣬸ͨްѾȫ졣ҡûڣʹңòѾ²⵽֮ϵһЩл£͸¶һЩѶϢ
һΣ¼ϵľǰҴף̽΢˽ѶϢ¼Ȼʱ䲢ȴһȺȫΪտսΪ֡У̸¼壬޲ǵɫ䣬λЫֻҪǣͱ˳֮Ϊӡ
˵¼壬ɫʮֹ졣
дϢ¼ļǽħܣںϺֱһޱɧĲΪһӭȢʮλ󣬵ڶ꣬õ˲ü˿ڱǡ̶ʮʮЩóɳ
¼ֱӾͱһΪӴļ壬¼壬СʼŮԽشǣͿʼŽҰ޲ɱʮ꣬޲ɱʮ꣬Ϳʼ̤壬ǰ磬սʿսͬ׾սжԷΪʵѹ˵ĻҪ˶ã½ħͻᱳɱɽš
ڹƽսУǶ¼ҵս¼ҲˣԴСǾѪ
¼߳ģһȺӡ
տʼ¼ҲŸոո¶ͷʱ˭û⣬Ŷ¼ҵĽһýȥ󣬶¼ҵ֣״룬֪˿¼ҵ˾˱ᡣΨֱ֮
ЩսͲҪġ
µǣһ츳ˣֻҪ߽߳ǣڴսУ۽⡣ԽսԽǿսͻƣ·Ƕ¼һʡ
ʮ¼ҵʵһ·Ѿﵽһ൱µĵز
Ϊֹ¼Ѿе
棬ʣµǵһŮʣµĺǵڶѾǽħһˡ
е˿ڣѾ
Щ꣬е壬ֻҪһ뵽¼ңǾһͷʹǰ·𿴵һĽӳ⣬սĻ档
ֻ棬ֻҪһ룬ǲ
ܰħǽħַչ壬벻ΪﵽһΡȤ૵
ڶܣµһУĿùһ⵱ҡ޼ɣôǵ̣ɳԲ⣬Ҫǣܴﵽʲô߶ȡ
ݴϢ½ħһʵٴﵽ߽ٽ޵ľ硣սʮֿ£ഫ󣬴ûаܹ۳Ľ⣬ܽ⣬һ֮УΨһܡ
ѩҸ̾
ǲܣ
¼䣬˭ܴһܡ
ܺãȥ򣬼룬ڸţύпߣף˲ţӶࡣ
ЦŶԺѩʱĳɾ϶
Ȼ޷ȫ򣬲е׼Ҫġڣһж⡣ŴһţҲ߷ΧڡУǿ߱δܳɽ֮СΪá
ѩ֮ˡ
ʱͯ˽
ֵ̽źۼĽ׹ħ䣬ɽϢݸܣ֪Ҵ׼ǲǿߣɱڰħףǰɽţսԸ񣬱Ȼʢ¡
ЦŶͯʶ
½ħһսգһֽսȻǴɱףǰɽţǿ֮սȤֻҪȤͺð졣
ȻϲսҪ벻ͬĶɱǴ׾͸սĻᡣҪٳжٳ䣬ǿڴסܸ޾ս
ֻᣬʤ
Ҫʼˡ
̧ۿգһĨ䣬·ܿһ򣬳ڴ¡
ͨ¶ˡһΣǾҪƾеĵΪ׶¼ͨҲǳԸɷġ
ͨڣһʿĦȭơ


1999 ͨ
ͨûǲ裬ǻûг㹻ͳͨ˲ţҪ֪ͨлŴ׾ڣһ콾һʱ˽ܣһ֮ĳЩ츳ǰǧͬࡣû㹻ǿʵѹôһǿߡһΣϢ
˭ҪһζУӱѹȺۣͨλãпֱȥ
ͨиֱ
ѩƣ죬ԭƣʮǻ꣬˾ժǣ֪һҶȵȡдӴӱĴ֣֮ߣѷɫκš
ΪߵģѾﵽ龳ΡΪ͵ģҲͬУǰսܣǶţ̤ͨżһΣдһ޲Ħȭƣ׼úõչ¶һ·âΪ׶ȡס
ʵϣڿŶΪֹףͨеЩ಻סˡҲҪչֳԼļֵ
ûи£ֱͨӽȡķʽת
磬ͨھŸ
ɫ
ȡħ
ǰħȡڰħеħ䣬޷ɵ£ȡ˴ħ䣬ȡħ䣬ɻȡѫʮȡħ䣬һöʮѫ㡣
棺񼶱𼫺ãڰħ׸鱨Ѿﵽ̨ΣȡߣУʱΣա

ɫתսǧ
ǰɽսսͬʿսʤһ񺣾ȡѫһǧ㣬ϾǧͼǧླһԪ龳սߣ޹ѫ񣬿ɲϵӡ
棺ȡͬսһ

ɫն
ǰħ򣬴ɱڰħףʩն׼ƻ񣬿ɻȡѫѫ㡣
ʾȡߣȡɺٽУɽͷա鱨ħսмʵǿΣգΣա

ͨеǼԳȻ֣ɫͣɫߡɫͨлǵһγ֣ȡħ񣬿νΣԼߡһγ֣ңġһɣΣնȾͻ½ɾ漰̨εѶȿ֪
ȥ
ᷢʲô˭
ֻǣеĽ˰̫ˡ
ȡħܵõʮ㹦ѫҪǰ˴ħһõǾǰʮ򣬼һʮѫ㡣ֱӻȡӾľλֻǾƷӾ
նһɣѫһѫӾǸƷ
ɽе񣬱ǽɫ񣬿ǣֻҪսʤԽ࣬ǵõĹѫԽߣֻҪʵ㹻ǿУȫȡһʾ˵Ĺѫ㡣ʮϰ򶼲⡣
ȡħ䣬˭˾ժǾ͵ʲˡãá
˾ժһ۾ͿǼɫϵڱҪ͵ɴˡ
ٺ٣˾ժǣΪ˭ֿտ֮ᣬѵҳͲˡҪҪһһȣ˭ǿ
ʱȻһѩ׳ۣòӢȫ£ɢһƮݣѹӵ˳Ǳˣڽ˳Ƶ˧ĳ㡣
Ҫ˵ȡҲǵһ֣ҿտնʲá
һĸݺһͻȻЦ˵һλҲ֮տն͵һУҲʦүһֿ֡տաͨ˵ǳ뻯
ȻˣĳҲһ֡Ҳˡ
һʱһϴһ˿˲ʵЦ˵۾תԵʮֵľҲͨй˼
Ҳͨˣһ֡̽֡ǽһ뻯͵ԣеĸ֡
Ǿͱһȣĸ˭͵еڡҵġժ֡µһ˾ժŨŨĶ־¹ؽλһս˵ʲô
ҵġ͵컻աժҪһŵ˵
໥һۣڸпŨŨĶ־ȡ󣬷׷״ͨȥȻҪǰȡħ䡣Ҫ֪һΣǿ߶Ծ
ˣĸ͵иֶԾڴ֪˭ʤˡ³Ц˵
ħаöֻǻȴħ俪ʼ֣ȻŻħ֡ȡħ䣬Ҳһ񡣵˭ժȡħ䣬͵֮֮
֪һҶҲʮָȤ˵
ɱڰħͽɣûʲôһǹܽģһǹУǾǹ
һµӣбһڷľѻǹܿһھѻǹͨɢɫĹâ·һֻȸҪչ᰿裬Ƴա
мԼԣ˳֮ΪԼĸΪϡ
еķľѻǹȸһ챦ɣдˣҵһȸĲкᣬټϸȸںϽȥþѻǹӵױȵƻ۳ӵӵл̺ȸ⣬һУ˲ͻᱬȸ棬ԷȼճɻҽǶħ֣żǿƻ
һ꣬˲궼
ȸѾ۷壬ؽףֻôһ˿ôһ˿ĵֻ̣ҪܹؽףֻǸո̤룬ҲһѾ鱦
ѾĽ񣬲Ѿȥ򱦵жһһϣȸǿؽףΪ鱦ȥȷһʧ
Ʋ⣬ֻҪҵһǳ֮Ϳȸɱ򱦵Уǳ֮ģֻǶһļ۸ʮָ߰ҪĲңǹѫ㡣йѫܶһĴָСһ飬Ҫʮѫ㡣ҪЩƴ񣬻ȡѫĻֻ£òʹѫ
Ҳ£ֻԶ̾ѻһһٳ֡
ѩҲ˵һԼɫһƬƽ
仰ȴԼɫЩһˣʲô˼׼Աһô
ɫѿȴҲֹ
˭Խӣ˭˭ģȻҪ֣ѫһ̶֣Ϳԣ׵ĹѫǺڼ⣬е棬ȡݵУ˭ٹףǶǿԼһǶپǶ١ƽֻһ㣬ô׾ڣ˶ʮ⡣
սϣ̰īѫ飬񣬲õķ䲻⡣
öپǶ٣˭ûл˵
һ㣬Ĺƽ
жһ˳ӣȻ֪ڴУǶôѵáؼ䣬һģָ
˷׷׿ʼȡ񣬶ѡսģȥɱһ̨εǿߣǿɲһеȥġǶһľпԼΣ̫ߣѾˡ


2000 ̨ɽ
ħʹڿİ£ͨһɳ֮ڣĿɳͬķ٣ֵľ󣬸õĻ棬֪ǲһ·ϣ𾪣Ѿʼüֲ֣·Ѿʼϰˣ񲿵ĹԱԽӴңУ񲿸һңȻִ࣬ţֻһ´׵ķ飬ζСԵĻȫ⡣
ͺñڣܿǱߺȻһѩѣѩϻֳ׭壬ôҡڵڴСϣʮֵͻأ
һ߻һ̾öǺöѩһ൱һڣȻ˾ٱеƣͣһɨաңھͺ޲ûŴӶһڶоѽ
ոһ̸ĵй򵽵̡
ǵģͽ̡
ѩѣ̣װң޺ܾи⹦Ч̡
ܹ׳Ԫ̡
ǿ̡
ӷ̡
Ӷطϸķ̡
ڷİ׻̡
Ůջյİѩ̡
Щڴ׳УνʮֵķңͽУ󲿷ֶṺһЩϡ
̸Ǳ˿ģ֮һǮСһʹ˼ʹ£̵ĵ·洫ļߵ˵ӲֲͬЧ̣޺˵ܾиصĹЧһȻܵʿϲЩЩԵʿǡǡǿԻһֹߡ
˵ǮСѣҲйһιڡ
ֻҲ֪ôһģȻٴλصףңԼĹһ󣬾˴ףһҵ̸̣󣬸ƳѸռгķ
̸ܲʥǡ
ɳеĶǷֵꡣ
Ҫ˵ǮСڵļҵƸɲȴĴҪѷɫ١Ȼֻǳ̣ɼܲסܵϲȻУҲ̣ңôߡضйӦҪӴҪֲԭϣЩֲҪʱ䣬˵оеġһ㣬ǮСҲܱ

ɽ
ܿУɽյءһɽǷ󲿷ֶʿռݣǽչǽšܱ£ȻܿЩɽ޴Ľ֣ڵƲۣͬɾ
Уһɽɽվ쳣ȴ֮㡣ɽкȻɢһصԣܸоŨɽУɽĻľʮֵïʢȻһۿȥʮ졣
Щɽ£ᴩ֧Ž󷨵תܱͬõ컯ޣޣҲòľõ޴ĺôϽµˮУһ˿˿
һɽÿһɽ棬̺ȻдСǿ̺ǾζбأٶȣԶҪĶࡣ
ɽУ󲿷ɽˡÿһбأҩĵر

峺ϷĪ⣬ǧɼʥ
ɽˣȻܿһ¥ÿһƷǷһͲǷӵеֱʡ峿ÿһɽĹ㳡ϣУǿ֮Ŷ
һһ¼䣬ͬˮգҫ
ܿɮĵĺսͨ
ڹУһľо󣬲ڶȥؼ֮һֲĽ·УܹԶѹ
䣬ܿоУɽֳһ޴Ľɫľڴת
ɽɽ£ֱһʯ̨ɽ
Ƿţ̨ɽ̨ɽķɽʤʦһν൱ˣﵽ龳ΡѾ߲Ρ
ܱ߷Բʮ̨ɽΧⷶΧУܿдĳǳؽǳУŴաЩգҪ̨ɽѰӡ
ң̨ɽ£ܿΧɽݣۼءдɽ°벿ѾѳⲻӴ棬ֵĶǸףҩҩ
и֡
Увٵɮڼල
ֵĿɲֲ̨ͨɽһҪʣ޺ףҪУҪԷžо࣬ԡ֮ճɳҲ˵ףֻ̨ɽ²֣ԡÿоܷǳġ
ףڷ֮żǿ棬˵һ൱ǿԴЧѡ
ԣǿ
ֵİϣܿһϰ߳Ȼ·ѾԼȫֻǿ̨ɽʱ¶һ˿
ͷѾʮ˰ɣ˵ѾѡϣΪ̨ɽеŵӣΣǰˡһһ̸߽ţȻ꣬Ѿ˼̬
ǰ̨ɽʦ˵ˣСӻе츳ھͿܲʽţҪȻҲҪǲɢȥֻҪŬҾƴϹͷҲҪ
ͷһдżᶨ˵
İ˵̨ܽɽΪһŵӣǶֵø˵顣ðˡֵصĴ¡
ûָֻһֱܹϣƬ̶աǾԸҲ¸ĸԺֿ
ĸ޲ˡ
ˢˢˢ
ʱͻȻ䣬ֻ߲֪ʱͻȻһ⣬ƴ̨ɽɽǰɢȻܿߵӰȻ֡
ϸȥУһͯ궼ֻʮѡһ۾ܿϵۡ
ʥͥͨ󹩷ǰɽ̨ɽƣǿ֣۾ʮｮǰֽ̣벻ߴͽ̡
ͬʱ˵
糱ˮ㣬ȻȻĳ̨ɽǹȥɽ£ɽһ
žણ
ոպͷ˵ͷеĳͷôڵϣ۾ɵϴ󣬿ɽǰߵӰͶϲ£𾪣ȫܹĿõ
ͷͬˡ
⡭⡭ǰ߹ݣ߹ݣսս̨ɽ
ͷͷЩ
ףǴʥͥ˵еʥͥôˣѵѵҪˡͷ˵

ɽһ󼱴ٵУһء


2001 ս
̨ɽϣһȻεɮǣ׷¶֮ɫľ׷ܵӰ죬Щĸ֣һҲľȣɵľһ˿оȻֹͣ
漴
һѸٴеӽмᣬǰɽǰ
˵ǲǰսʥͥĸ֣Ѿ㹻̨ɽóߵԴӶΪͬĵӣһСš
ʥͥ˵ĽɽڣԱߣǰֻ߲ơ
׾˵Ѿռӵ˿ʮףӵеʵʮǿֻҪ֣޲ռ򣬽ʥֱͥǲ˼顣̨ɽڴǰ׾ܱ
׹ʲôͨ˵Ǵ׹ڵĲţҪǰսôǵҪʲô
һӰԲ²
ȻǼţ޷𣬿ǣǻûдﵽֹˮķӾ硣Ƿӣȫʥˡиָ
ڴףû˸˵κӵĻ
ܱ߰ʱһǸ߸ϣһǿ׶ԳģǿӴףǰǻôһ˿ֻǣԴ׽ʥͥռ£˭ҲСǲɵһְ׳յΪ
ֱǰս
˼ԷʡԲֻսһĿġ壬Ǵѹһ־档׼̨ɽǿвڽ¡
ȻײӸĻǺ档
һľʲôǿߡսţһִ󵨵ĳԡ
Ҫ֪սϣŲ˵˳ײڸʵϣɱųĵӣͬκˣߵ۷ʱͶ䣬ͿԻأʱһɱǧ;ͬ飬һġ
ͨߣݺ¡
ͷ̨ɽĵӣǵһʱۣΣɽſٸϹȥ
ûãһӣɽֱеɽ¡һĵĳϣɫصĴӵŷʤʦһ·ǰͨӣ˽ࡣս̺壬ס
ѾĿ⿴ɽˡ
ɽѾ̫ƽˡ
ʥͥеһλǿһµЩɽиѾ֪ٴˡĴǲ֪ж٣ȴȫ޷óһ³̡
ǲ׷һͷԼƤӵ²ܵġ
Ȼһˡ
ңԼ̨ɽȻǵһ
ʤʦ֪ҪоػǸоҡ
߲ưҪʵ
ʤʦһߣһ߸пüſɬ
ʦ֣һΣ׼ŵĿɽ֮УǸ飬ֵĻĲ룬ңţ˳ϣѾʧȥΪ˳һ֮ΪټˣȻΪһ־֧ԿѾ·硣ȥ嶼Ц
ʦһ˵ʤʦܣֱĴʦ
εѰˣҪ˳ɽȫˣϾ򣬶ŵĺ԰أոȡԸȡԴԴϵĵԴ
ˣǸֵֵɱ
ƫƫǴˣǿߵͨķ޷ʩչ׸ռݴףƿأ˳ıǿ֮ɽҪ赲ûɣţ˳վסšҪƾʲô赲Ҳɡ
·硣
Ǵ׸˽İ취ֱǰŶսһˣֻĻᶼûУڵ涼ûУȻҪӮǱסڣȥлӴȡһЩ档
һʴģʴʦ˵
֮Уûһڴеõ档ֻǣԭŵգԭܵ棬ҪӴ֮ҪԴҪȥ׬ȡ
ԭȵɽš
ЩڴУһչʮֲԳҰޣ˵׬ȡͽ𣬻Լͨ󣬳Ϊ׹ҲܽţֵȲšҪвܣԽУǼ볯á
ͺñڣɽонܳĵӣӿƾӱִһɳǣΪһɳ֮һڴķΧڣǸŴֱǼĸ
ײӵܽ볯֮ڡ
Žƽ̨
ŵͬˣųΪѧյĵطӵܽУܹšɽſһ㶼ǰҪǽز׽н׵ĸԴеʵΪӵʩչֺôֱǲ
Ѿװһϡ
ЩɽеŶ˽⡣̨ɽλʦֻҪһ뵽İռԼȥָоʹʹȫ޷
ЩǰĹУٽš
ʱѾɽǰ
ȻɽǰߵӰڿʱ¶һ˿ȣǻᰡʿУòܴʲôٴפ£ģ
ӷ̨ɽʤλʹǰʧԶӭຣɽ²̸
ʤʦ߳󣬿ǰˣأȴǲɫЦк
ãǴ˴ǰ̨ɽеλʦߴͽֻ̡ҪǣȻߡʤҵȣǾͿ飬Ըǩ£ȻٺòԸ⣬Ҳ뿪ںΣ޹ء
һɫ۵ӻ˵
Уһֱ˵Ĺ
һֱӳʤʦ˷˹ȥʴʦǰһߣϸۿ
ʼλγƺ
ʤʦѯʵ
ͨ񺣾Сǰֽ̹񺣾ͽ
ֻСλֻʮ꣬ոճǰһ˵ƺܸܵһֶصĻɷ֮ü䣬һӢ䡣
ͨϾѩӨ
һµŮ΢Ц˵ƺоκεвһͨŮһ㡣
ͨͼɽ
һϴϢӻ˵òͨȺУֻ¶ҳ֡ȴû˻ӡ
ͨ󣬷ླҫ
һһּǿѹӣ˵ü䣬·ܿһصĽɫӡǡһۿӡ̣ʮ
ͨԪ񾳣޺ۡ
һȵ湫Ц˵ҡҡȣһģ
ͨ񾳣
һµӣ̤ü䣬·ܿһŨս⣬˵֣ɽ


2002 ̨
ͨ龳Ҷ³ǡʤѩƮȻɵӻ˵վ͸һֲǷĸоǵеİƳҶ³ǡ
׺ͷԭȵԼ뵽ͨ󣬳Ϊ׹ЩһֱǱޣϽؾзĸ־䣬еĹȡ֣ϵĸĽġɡʣǳˣһ콾ʣдӴԴ֧ţǲϽҰɱ
һΪ磬νͻͽߵģͬһ·񣬾߽ٽޡ龳ǿУνһУս֮ǿѾǿ̨ĲΡһǰɽУΪס
ȵȣң˱ʣҲ
ʱͻȻһźһ̹ԶƿնϸȥܿǺȻ̻ʣһֻվϻһֻãͷϵëӭ裬һֻǰצץһѷӣһ߿̤ǰУһ߷ɧӴԼһͷë
̻һﻹ˭
̻ôˡ
һ̣СҶ³ǣɫЩѿ̻ʵʱʶĽһҪƶܿĳ嶯ΪڴУɫɫһֿҪɽɵĸоܶ˿ɫɫ·ȥġܶĿù̻ˣֻҪɫجεļʼ˲
֪̻ʵʵ̫ˡ
󵽺ܶˣɥ
Ҷ³ҲⰡоɸо̫ա
Ǵ׵ĺôһܵˣ˵һڷˣĴҶĹѨ׼ǰ̽Ѱô
̻ʵͬʱܿ£ҲǰһɽΪĽܳӣǿߣ˭֪ж٣콾ģԲԼȻǿ󣬿δߵ޵УҪһ⣬̻ʾõĶ׵ơ
ĹɫĹ
̨ɽĿã¶֮ɫ̹ɾˡǻ֪̻ʵϾ̻ʵ飬ڴȻ֪ɶڽɣһ£Ǳտڲ̸ģһᣬоմȾ²˳ԣܲͲᣬ̻ڴޣ棬ޱء
ؼʱ̣һŵơ
ɽҪ˽⣬Ҳ˽ⲻⷽ档
û뵽̻ʻȫǼһѱա
ݴʴӰ
̨ɽȻ֪̻ʵҲ׵̻ܳǾͿ϶һֻ򵥵ĹҶ³ʶķӦУף̻ʾԲǱ濴ô򵥡
ٺ٣ô飬ô̻ʣˣʻ밢һ𡣡
̻һ˵
ࡣ
̻ʵĻҶ³ǵҲ¶һĨ֮ɫиֳһĨ⡣
㣬㣬㣡
ֻһɫѵŮͣһȺԶȺһ߳Բݣһߣ̬ͷ·ڷһʮֵ磬һޱȹĸо
㣬ˣЩ򣬺÷ʰһֻþûгԵˡɲˡ̻һߣЦ˵ǱߵĿˮǶ̲ס
ɲͨ򣬶һ򣬽ѩ򣬾˵ϵëϵİѩһףûһ˿ɫҲκεʣëϵϣ⣬û˿ζ̺֭żߵ亱
ڰķ£ǿǲѩػǲԭܳԵʵݣܳԵűӵ۲ݣϵνǿ̵ĺܡ
ÿһֻܱ׼䣬඼óȥġֻԵʱ򣬻óֻ
ȻΪֻŮʵ֮ǿڴУǲһĸߣ˵ڽϣ׾ڣ밢ʵ֮ǿ֮ߣǴﵽ˵ĲΡѷɫ
ۣѾ󣬰ʵﵽεȵĸ߶ȡ
Ҷ³Ұȹһνֻǣڻ󣬾ڲԵĽֻǸнĥ⡣
аڣһΣʮþȡ
Ҷ³Ҳɰһӵеˡ
ȻҪУһ̨ɽĵˣȻƴǣȶ³ΡʤʦҲ̼䣬̸ӵ˾ϣѯʵȶȻǲɱġ̨ͬɽĵǰգһŵӣôзҲΪԼȡ档
ûĵ
ο̨ɽе콾ڼƵİտѡӣŵļʣȻǴӣҲǸصһ㡣
߸ߴ󾳽磬񺣵龳ΣٸߣҲûбҪˣս̨ϣƽսʲô磬ѡʲôĶ֣񺣾Сȶǲǳս֮ͬУֻҪܻСӮһԽ񺣾սͬҲˡսǻʤһ
УֻҪʤĳ̨ɽʤʱȻ̨ɽ̸޷ʤΪҵȣǾֱӰдֱǩ飬ҴײϾɱ
޺۹Цҡҡеȣ˵
ͬ׶սʤΪչֵľ˫ĵ̡
ʤʦ˺Ŀģͬ׶սƽ˭Ӯˣ˭ˣǶһĿȻ˭˵仰
ãȻ£̨ɽȻҪ㵽ס
ʤʦһϵ˵
̨ɽе콾ţɾԲ£һͬУѷ֣԰Ⱥ۵ĴڡǰǴнӴ콾ҲţԼŵӣԲѷɫ
ܺãȻˣǾͿʼɡ
Ҷ³׵ͷ
ּ䣬һ̨ƾճڰСȻԼڿն䣬ǫ̤̂ϣϣ°׿
ˢˢˢ
СҲڻּ䣬ͷųһ̨
̨칤ķһʣǼ̣Ӳ龳Ĺ޷״ݻ٣̫ۼң̨ϲĽƣȶвನƻѹƵС
̨õĸּգˡ
С˷׷̨̤ϣȴš
ȻΪȴս
ڡ
ʴʦ˵
Сɮڡ
һɮµС˳ܿ䲻СơϹһ飬һַԡֻҪһۣܸоƽ
ȥλʩдһ
ʴʦ׵ͷ˵
ǣ
Ӧһţڵһ̤ڿնСڵ̨ϡ
룡
СǰСУϲûκӡǲģԲߡ
񺣾ƴģļգ


2003 ѽ
ͨȻУϾУһЩЩͨӡ룬̵ʱ۳ģͷųӦķ磬񺣾ҪͷŻ򣬾ҪԺйҪķģӡǣΪԪ۳ΣһʼٶȻһٶȾͻ᲻ϼӿ졣ǳһɷ˲ͷţҪһ㣬ȫҪӦ츳нӣʵҪͨһȴܺ
Ȼܲ׾κ飬ǾԵġ
У񺣾ڣϵģͷͨһģš
ҲǺŵһ֤
Ȼȫ
ܶû񺣾ϣţ콾
ʩСˡ
СЦЦֻôϵЦݴһ˿ɬйâһ֪ʱһɫӳУ·һ㣬У¹âһѾС̧ȣͳСԴһôȥ
ͨͨ
ɫͨ񺣾ϡ
Ҷ³ǵȻһۼͿȻ񺣾ΪȴԲͨ񺣾ͨҪ޷𷨣вͨǷ֮ͨһسɴ缸ģﵽ۷ʱһ֮ġ
оѵϣһͲͨ
ɲͨϣϡͨΪɳϱ任죬֮ܲһÿ췭ظı仯ڣҲܾмǿΰһȻУͻ˲䱻һֿ֮⾳ʴ飬ླ
ңˣһȥʩչǷսͷȡ
һȥֱꡣ˲񱻶ᡣɼ
ֶονֱ˵൱ĹһɶûС
ȣ
СĿãȴ˿ţȻһɫ⣬ƤĤ£·ܿһɫĸĤһɻѪѪдͬʱһɷȻ⣬ΪһսסȸûԴϣôսϣôȥͬʱһŨĻɷ֮ɷѸײɷ౻ס
𣡣
Сſڼ䣬һХ
⻢ХУȫܸܵϵɷȻ䱩ʮһХ˷ϯȥ粨˰㣬鲼̨Ӧͬһʱ䣬ϸֳһ⣬ϵѪͬǿ
Ź幦֤ýղ֮Ȼʮǿֻǣɴڵһأûг񺣾ķΧ壬ô׵顣
ϣӲϳһ
ʩչȴɱ޴ǿƵ̨Ե
ȣ
ûоţһһ̨Եһ̣ͿһɸӾ޴纣Хϯ·ǧֻͻͬʱХ
飡
Ҳûа취վȣʹ̨׹ȥڣ̨ǵصҲʧָܿƽ⣬һʱվڵϣûڵϡϿɫŨ
ҡˣ
ͷЩѿ˵
ȻȻûյˣɱȶУ̨ϵѾ֮ܵһֻǣһʱ䣬Խܣ̨ɽУҲһżϲ˵Էżߵ츳ų˵עһ콾ǿߡ
һʱɰִܲšĿǱ󣬶ڷмԣ񺣾ǸոտʼѣԽ棬ֻԽԽǿڲǸոտʼѡ
ʤʦЦſ˵
һʧܣʲô䣬ȴ١
ǣɡ
񹧾ĴӦ
Ļɷ֮壬ھϣңѾﵽһת۷塣ĹӦǡ׻ɷ񾭡ͬޣһɷ֮뻢йص⣬ףңʩչɷƻǿȻǴе֮ӡ
ʦ۾˵
üأʣټϵĹ껹ͬ۷壬ǻХ޲Ĺ񺣾ڣĶ֣ǽ޵еģ񺣾ʩչֶΣ֮١ԶԶܸȡ
ʦ۹⣬ŵӼͽ̡
СЦ˵üɷ
ţͿ̨ɽУٴ񺣾ĵֻ̨ϧСǵһХѪѪǱǿк̨
ҪСп
ȻпܣǺѡ
ʣɷ֮ԻХûХ֮ͬУκͨҪĿ£лɷ壬ӰͨҲһСʩչʨӺ𣬵ͱХ֧顣
Ѫڵϡ
񺣾ڣûС⡣
ܲɷ֮壬ս壬϶սɱǼУȻһѡĹϣҪؾǱ׻񵶡һɣƥߣȻࡣ
һ߹ۿǰ̨
Ȼֻ񺣾ĲɱȴɹۿĽζ
Щʲôÿģбѽ
̻һмëϻ
ѽؼ䣬Ĳֻһ˵һ깫ļ壬Ҳ⣬˵Ժܿõ
Ц˵
깫壬Ҳ£ִѽ
̻΢΢Ͼֽе
̻ʲôˣôܱŵ깫֪һ깫ļһ̻ʼվԸǺܶԸ֮䣬һս
񺣾У̨ɽ䣬գ̽ͨ
ҡҡͷһսСֱܺѡһ漴ǲԽѩӨ
СɮգǰŮʩͨ
һǷǸг̨ϡʩ֮Ϳðһ⣬·ǽ졣ٲȻ֮ǰʩչġ塷ֻǣܿϵĽ˲֪Ҫ貶ٱ·ܿķž˸áֳ⡣
ϡϡ
塣
빦£õϼӳֵĽֹֻ֮һ㣬СĻХˡ
ɱ
տзһϺȡнһһֻɫķƾճ֣һ̬ѩӨ
Ŷսͨƣ
ֻлһ⣬̺֮ͨѪ֮һ֮Уųķ֣ʵʰ㣬ɢһִɽϺӵľơ
⣡
ѩӨȴû˿ľţֻһӨѩָǰĽɫһָ
ˢ
һѩ׵֮ڷϣţһֲ˼Ļˡ޴Ľɫ֣Ȼڰ׹£Ѹɢ̺ڷе⣬ɢҲ̼ɢ


2004 콾ս
Խ󲿷ϾʿɱĴƷ֣Ȼôһ׹ǰֱɢΣƷ綼û½ǣѾɢһաϡֽ⣡
ֽͨ⣡
ѩӨܳΪ콾ǿߣԭѵϣϣ䱾оѵģϿٷۣһޱ켶ϡУ̺һ⣬Ƿֽ⣬ֻҪһʩչκͨ⣬ᱻֽ⣬ɢΡ
۷ʱֽĲͨǸϣڷֱֽӷֽ⣬ΪԪǻΪ֮ޡ
ôܡ
ĿãɫҲ΢΢һ䣬һƣȫԸ£Ȼһ£ֱɢˡ̺⣬ͬΪУҪ֪⣬һֽ־ǿͨ⣬ӲҪ˵лѪͨΪһ塣ķֶֽܱ⡣
⣬ֱ
ɫ䣬ܱߵ̨ɽʿͬɫúѿ
ָ
ûͣ٣һָŽѩӨֱӴ˳ȥָ˲仯Ϊһɫ⳯ŽѩӨƿնٶȼ죬գۼѾǰ
⣡
ѩӨٴָǰһ㣬һɫһǴָײһޱָڷֽ£ڿٷֽ⣬һ𣬻濴ʮֹ졣޷ѩӨͱǿзֽ⡣
ţѩӨٴεһָ
һָ£һƿն˲ϢѾǰ

ϵĽ˲䱻߷£֮תѪÿһѪУֱӱ
ۣ
Ȼ򣬽֮壬ڷֽ£ѩڣֱӴӽ˺ѳһڡؿڣؿڵѪۿɼٶȱֽ⣬ΪޣƤĤѪ⣬κεڷֽǰȫΪСһھôֱӳؿϣһ֮壬Ȼûеס⡣
ңˡ
տؿڵĶڣЩѿ˵
һҪǳؿڣǳԴȥĻԼֻ˲ͻ
⣬ͨѪ⣬·ֽ⡣ⲻƣƥС
ʴʦɫء
ôû뵽һСȻỳͨȻҲֽܿⲢûм޵ģڷֽͬʱҲڲɢҲһɢǰûнǰֽͨ⣬ǲͨȻ䵽ϡ
ѩӨȻѾΪĵز
۳ķѾﵽɡ֮ǿѾϾǿߡһȥȫһͨĵ·
հˣӲа̨սֻǣԽѩӨķֽ⣬ʩչʲôͨûпͻᱻһֽǿзֽ⡣ǻ棬ǰԵ֮ͬУȻ޵С
ֽȷʵһֽҲ޷ֽĹͻΣ֮УݷΣ֮ʱԱֱ̫̫ۡ꣬²壬ܾмΪǡ
׵ͷ˵Ŀ峺ûдһֱ˵˵Ŀ
ֽⲢ޵УͰ˵ǴͼֻҪѩӨԷסȵʱѾˡӦĻᶼûС
б£ѽ
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Ҫʶһ¡
ٴЦЦ̻Ҳû˵ʲô
սڼһǰÿһ콾Լǿơ
磬ͼɽ۳ͼɽͼһͷųͼֱٻָݣͽǿûȥֻҪɽͼٻݣֱ޾ġһ˾൱һֻ಻Ĵ
ΣɽӴ󺣣ٻ޴ɱɽͼͼһ㣬ܹؼݣȡǣɽͼУɽͼںϣȻٻȥΪսֻҪɽͼЩ汻ܹɽͼٻָĵģȻɽԪ
һͼĵϾɽϣһöϣɽоѵϣڴײؾУûпһöϵĿٷ˵ɽһ޶ĺͨɽͼͼǻԵɺµĳɹǣͼУǲƥеĴڡ
ϳҰݣںϵľԽ࣬ͼԽǿΪֹһ˼Ϳһ֧ӡΪαȶǰͽ˵˽ĸִǰȥ˲սǿޡһٻ˵ͼǷླҪ¡
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б£ѽ
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޺۹ӵһ컨ǮͨԵˣ˲䱻̨Уڻнɽ
Ҷ³ǣһֱĴʦԳ֣ɽһ֮£˲ܣɣͬɾǻ棬̨ɽӡ
ңűȶϽС
̨ɽеԽԽأɢһǷ벻ŵı顣һ̨ɽ콾ӽ̨֣Ӳȥǻ档ÿһΣеĵӣһξ޴Ĵ
ǱֱӶŴңһһĴ
ԺиڲϵĸֳԼĲ׵ͷ
Ȼһ޷ܡ
ֱ޹⣬ʹ
ʤʦĿãһ󰵵
жڴ׵ӣɱɱӡ
ʤʦȶҪȥô
Ҷ³ǻ˵
ӷ𣬼ΪʩȻǾ콾ս֮ǿ塣һεıȶ̨ɽˡ飬ǿǩȵʦǰԵɨԴ
ʤʦһ˵
˵仰ʱÿһ֣·̩ɽʱȫľ񶼷·˴룬ȫ£ɢһǷϡǽŵĻҵͳȥʦֻҪФˡ
ȵȣαȶˡʿٸһλᡣ
ʱ̻ʴҡڵӣһɧ˵ձд󷢣ȣԣ׼̨ɽӭŲϼ磬߸һֻҪ᱾ʵȵ׹ҿԸԤһɳ֮λáǾô
дһ˿ڴ
̨ɽϳ裿
Ƿžأֱﳪ裬ֱ̫
С
ʴʦԥĿھܾ
У
Ҷ³ǵҲɵͬʱֹ


2005  Բ
̨ɽ˾ܾɺܼ򵥣ǿǸոܣҪԼдһҪʲôڷͷĵ𡣼ֱ̫ǿ벻̡ǵƤҪһɳ֮λãͿǳ
ǾԲܵġ
ǡʮɳ֮
Ҷ³ѽհ̻ڵĸԽԽħˣ˵ڲԭϸ質ʱ֮ڣϷɵĻǵܵģȫڵˡЩѲˡǽһҡ
̻֮ʳ裬ġ
һʼ˭֪Ժᷢʲô顣
˳ҪǮ̻ʳҪ
̫̫
̨ɽУƢΪ𱬵սʦʱĻ۾ҪΪ̨ɽûƢôӦԼΧڵǽΪԴףܵ£۵Ѿ޼£òѡáǴûа취£òľ
һֻ̹ȻͻȻðҪԼɽų衣
Ҫʲô
ǲҪ
б£ѽ
̻ɲм˵
Щʿǲܸ̫ĺɫôѹʱ򣬾ҪݺݵĴѹֻ̨̨ɽ׷ǲܵģ̻ʾ˵ġúõһףڴǰʲôС˼ȫѹȥ
д
սʦŭ𳹵޷ѹƣнһһȳУһȾͳ̻ôȥ
㲻˵Ҫ˴𣬽ľʹ㡣
һȣǽʵʵ̻ʵĹͷϡ
һҲһƬžҶ³ǣ޺۹ӣСˣһĻͶʶſȫ޷£ȫһֲŵģ
⡭⡭ϺоȻ򡭡̻ʡ
̻ʵĹͷ
ǡٵذ
ţҶ³ǵͬʱ˰ɣսʦĿУһޱȸɫо壬гݣҲڴ
ʦܣ̫嶯ˡ
ʤʦĿã΢΢üҲû뵽սʦ˳嶯ĳ֡Ȼֻһֻ̹ɵҲԴʥͥһֻҲǴʥͥ档˾ٶʵ̫嶯̫³çˡ
ǺǺǣ
̧̻ƤͷȣǱ¶һĨЦݣһŹֵЦбĳ
ȷʵǽ˴ƶû˸֡ǰУȻȻĸȴԼͷֱд
Ƕ̻һơ
ܿЦУһۿɼٶȳϲƹȥѸӣĲƵսʦֱۣȫѪСڡ
Ҵң֣ãܺáǳá
̻צӣһҲֱ֣תȥڿƮ
ˣӲ󼴽ȥ
ʲô˼
սʦĿЩ죬ܿսʦһɫŭʱֳ͸ӵŨԣһ۾ܿڲͬʵڸոô̻ͷʱѾһ˿𾪣һȴȥ˵ǹͷһɽ˲飬ɴ̻ͷϣȴȽջҪӲûжش
һֻȻԵסĹ
ֱ޷š޷һʵ
֮£ֻǿ̻תȥ
࣡
ʱͻȻ䣬սʦϴһŹֵ
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ʿԲܷӻԼУԼȴܿƵ飬ҪǾζţԼ״޷ˡ
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Ȼ򣬲ǷӦսʦ󣬴һ죬һɿ񱩵ֱӴβ֮ܵĵӣ˲䱻Ķᣬǵɳȥ
һƨ
޺۹һ𾪵ķ̾
ƨܷŵ˾ֻ֪һ˿Ǿ˾ժǡϧһûҪȻ˵ϧ鲻Խ
Ȼ̻ð
Сˣٴκʮɡ
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飡
ײа
Ҷ³ǵ˿ٴαˣ̲סԵһ
ײеĸкսʦ龳ǿ߶סֱǲб㡣
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ͣ
ô
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꣡
ʱϳһһɫ׵ĴƫеģսʦͷϡǿԶܵģڶʱһʹ渹кֹһɲǼʵʵһףֱͷۻðǡһѪ
ͬʱðһǺУ·ܸܵһв
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Ͻ籩ϯ˲ϢѾսʦûȥڽУҽУϵħԴԴϵðûãͿһѪɫĻð
ҵ𣡣
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ҵһմȾĿ³
ѾʼħܵħϮĹУ͸ӵ
ҵ̫ԵħϮľȣټϸкֹٲϡֻ̼䣬ͿսʦҵУΪҽֻһöӵڵϡ
ʦܡ
ʦ֡
һʦ
һĻĻʵ̫ˣ쵽ӦĻᶼûСһ龳ǿߣôĪûˡǰ˿־塣
ǲҰҴ̻ʵĹͷսʦұӢ
Ҷ³Ǹ̾
Ҳûмսʦһ̨ɽҪ˵ûзŭǾԲܵ飬ֻǣո̻ûж֣սʦһ̻ͷϣ飬̻йأҲƫƫҲκ֤ݡ
̨ɽУһ࣬ȴȫ˵κλ
ֻܿҶ³ǵֱȥû
϶ǴΪ
ʻ˵


2006 ˧
ֻɫĹ⣬սʦ粻⣬⣬ƫƫڴһֻ̹Ͼͳ⣬ҪûϵǾԲܵ飬ûɺ֮¡ɺϣǱȻոձսʦϣ˲ù졣Ѿﵽĵزʤʦһ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵
Ȼıֻ֮䣬ȴ̽ٵ£ǾԲɺϣҪȻеĽѣһӾҪȥ
ô죬Ҫܴ׵
ʿѯʵ
ӦΣ赲üֻδػܣüϵƢǻ𱬣ԵеĶҪ³ֻ²ôס˵ˡ
ʤ˵
ɽУԶüΪʢü˸ħ磬պաͬǰԵʵǾˣѾﵽ̨Ըδػܴ˿
ʱ˵һսڵš
ûą̃ɽһдһְ⣬ϯķ˵¡
ܱ߰գһҥѾٴ
һսͷӶ
˵ûУϾҪͳˣףǾ˵Ǹʥͥഫ׿ʥأ˼еĴ񣬸õĻӣһԳ٣Ƕٶٹܱ治֪ǻʲô
ǰҲ˵ˣ˺üǿߣǰ̨ɽս̨ɽʦԼԺҲܳΪ񣬲֪ܵõʲôĴ
ձľģ֪пʼա
ףпĴڣ˵Уʥأÿ˶һûʵֿܵ£Щֻĵףձľ״Ҫϣǰ£Ҳ᲻ϵĸա
һ仰Ѿʼˡ
ͬʱҶ³ǵҲʼڵڶţͬͬķʽսǰ
Ȼżһܣϣȴǽʤ
һŽȣòǩԼ
ʱƣɽУѾ״ͨ󹩷ǰŶŵ顣ȻһȻԻϣţȴǳƲҵ
Ҫħǲ壬ԴףġѰ

ħ
ڰħһ޴Ԩһɽ֮ϣܱŵһִ̱ǵϢƽʱǴ󲿷鶼Ը⿿ħڰգ棬ǹ̵ңȥҲᱻ˲ճɻҽܱ߸ܸܵޱŨħʮֿ񱩣ĻУһ飬ҿ
ˣ
Ȼ򣬾һ죬һŭħдݶ
ѣϸѣӸħҳ
ħУȻܿһɫħףߣֻֻܿڵ·ֻ۾ֱͨ޵Ԩһ㣬Ŀã̲סĪĿ־塣˿̣УһȺħͷܿЩħͷз·޴ɽһķϹлðŻĵħ޾׵ħȵȡ
ڴУһء
ںڰħУȻһӡ
ӺܾһǾ׼
ϺȻһλ
žоˣħŮȼ˾ѹȺ˾䱦˼Ľʤ֮ʱ˧̤ȡ˫ַϣͽͶ֮
㣡
ħŮǺڰħĽɣԵõǳ谮мӣȻ棬׵ֹ֣Сޡǰϼߣһüŵµľһͻܶ𷣡ΨħŮҲȼչ¶һ档Ǵ֮䣬ޱá
ⲻ˵һְ룬һ谮䱦ںڰħΧڣȼݵλǼߣ˵ףȼ˵ĻҪʲô󣬶ǵһʱ䱻ġ
ȼĴڣʣǾ׵Ľɡ
ƽʱЩ̧ۿһ۶ҡֻܱ͵͵Ŀ
֪
ھȻĪĳһӣ澹ȻдҪȡȼҪʲôҪôȼŮˣھȻҪȡҪóˣڰħ׵ƤҪţͷҪһƬԭ˵ͨ˶ܲ顣
һʵҺˣҲᵱŭᵶɱ˶ʲôϡ¡
οħŮ˵ռǾǳġ
Ȼ˵Ůˣֱħ̫
ȥҡ
׷һߡ
ǣ
һӦţͿħͷ׷ȥħѰһ󼦷ɹ
㣿
ױ³ۡ
ħ˵Ҫ͵ߣ֪˭ôĵӡħǰ˵ĻʱһǧģĹǵħȻ˹ò̬Ǵӹɢ̬ǵǵģ˿һۣ̲סױס
ؼľħŮ
ԣֻҪֻ¶Ѳĳ嶯
ָоֻҪ˶ס
˿̣ЦǰǷӣһۡ
ߣ㣬ҪѣȻҽȼϡΪħǳصôЦ˵ħеķŭ֪
Ҫץסǳ㣬Բġ
һҪףʲôʹࡣ
ô˵ʮȤʲôˡ
ȼٴЦ˵
ţȼ㲻Ҫ⣬㾹ȻܹϢķŵħǰһʵֻҲͬСɣСӣţһħ㻤ħڣͣҲȼ˺
йâһͻȻ˵
Ҳ£ǳˣȼҪǱ°ߣڰħԺҪҪȥˡԣӸ϶žֿܣҪġ
ħ䣬ıȻ֪ħжǿеǾˣҲԻ壬ֻҪ˺ͻԶ磬ħػ̨״ơдΣʱֱ̣ܹӶߡվ
Ϊʵ
һħ䣬ҿ϶ǿĵˣҲ˺ȼ
ڣԱգһʧ
лħȼһú÷ҪСħ
ȼһϲɫ˵
ħǱϣٶȣǿǺô࣬Щħ壬͸ˡ
Ҫǣ׶ӣʲôҪ
ϡ
׵ͷħ
ͬʱѾ¶ģһΣΣ뽫Ӹ
ҪȻʳѰ
ڰħУһ󼦷ɹħĴѲ飬ϣҳһ˿


2007 ̽
ֻϧħУһۼҲ˿ֶûУһɹȴʲôûҵħ棬кü˫۾ѾħңÿһαװĶ൱á⼸Ǳˣ˾ժǡһ仰˵ĺã͵ǾͱȻμĸ֡
ÿһԼİ취
磬ڿ˾ժǣ֪ʲôʱѾħԱߣһ鲻۵ʯͷ濴ôһʯͷܱʯͷûʲôһϢûɢ
һͨ
ϡΣ
˲ıòģ⻯ɸ͸仯ͨһңĶҪֱĻûͫͨǲġ
ЩħǿˣҲҵټҪĪĳʯͷ𹥻ʲôģҪȻб¶Ŀܡ
˿̣˾ժǿħڷĶңѾʼת
˧ֵĹ죬ǸĲɧķ񡣶ʱˣȻҪʲô飬Ҳãͷħ䣬Բô͵ġħϣ͸鷳
˾ժǰԳ
ħʲôǵƲ⣬ȫпܾ׵ıħħֻҪκζᾪףϣǾ͸͵ȡ
͵ģǣ͵֣пֱӱˣˣ׾ջȥа취α֮Ķϵ򣬺ȡ
εֶΣ˾ժǻǳˣȻеġҪȻҲҳǰȡħˡ
Ҫ֪ڰħΪħ䣬Ѿȫȡˡ
ңȡϢģڰħڶ֪Ϊûгκ⣬Ȼʱ䲻̫ʱڣħһȡֻܴĿģ㵽ʱ֪ˣҲ޼£ԡ̣ͱҪ죬ɸԵĿ󡣶ǵһʱڰħ
ֵ죬ңɧɲܲ˵ŪһȻҲãгעȫԻˮ㣬Żɹļʴӡ
ħ䣬˾ժǣ־ڱصá
˾ժһᶨ˵а¶ġ
ٺ٣Ͼ֣ҵķ̽Ѿ಻סˡ
ԱߣһſУȻһӰǱˣ˼
ֿտʩչֽŵʱˡ
һУһĿȻѾħ
Ҫȡħ䣬ҪħȡֱħҪϽɵģȡǾԼģһγôܷŹ˺õĻᡣǼֱڷ
տնôģ˾ժͬôġ
ѵлʩչĵͨȻܴûᡣ˭׼һôҲҪһʡ
ףôоЩ
ħУͻȻ˸΢΢һЩõĸо·Ǳʲôһ
ת֮䣬һĨŭ𣺡һǸӣȻҵϱĽɣǲ֪ѾһΣһҪú׼׼ӣûκѵĿܡȼⲻҪȾɫ
һ㣬ζ̡
УϾҪȼζӵóѡ
һתϵ¶ġΪ˷ֹñӱɫôӶΪǾԲܵĵġҪñӱɫǻҿ鶹ֱײˡ
ʱȻš
˫۾ĬĬעħħѾ׽ϣħܱѲӣһ۾ɵϴһ紵ݶһע⣬ܱ߶ǷġµӣӰ൱޴ģҪʲô⣬ħеħȫҪңҵһ֡
һ㣬ûԸõ³
ҹɫ١
ҹĻִأ칫ڵ¹ⶼûа취״͸ֻԼһЩŵľҹĻµħӵɭɲħơ

ʼжˡ
Ҵֵʱˡ
ڰеĴȺʼж˾ժֱӴʯͷҡһ䣬ΪһħħеħȫơȻ󣬺ȻĴգĴħػ磬ô˽ȥȻ󣬿ҵһ䵥ħϢĨɱԼҡһ䣬ģҡڵĳħУʼĴι䡣
տն죬ֱУҲģôϢĽħС
ˣȻҲõġ
ǵֶΣħ׾ܷסġ
Ҫȥûǽȥĵط
Ȼ档Ҫ˵ڴУʥûҪҴȥһͻᱻ֣Ǳɱڻ£ʥӵеĿǿǶϰһһ紵ݶùǡ
˿̣ħС
ħ޹ڣȻܿħȼѾһļҴսжһõζ
˿̣ڴ·սס
ħ˵ǳĻֻħƵˡ
ȼҲһĵһɴһ֣ؿ̲סڸĻ㣬ȫȣ
ߣħǰͲȻôͷ֮ޡȻҵȼ㣬ֱħ̫
Ц˵
ɫһЦûС
챾ħ˭
״𵶵ǰǰȻ˵
ħħĴѲӣнػͲţڣ붯ȼһë
֣̽
ʱͻȻ䣬ֻħϿգһƮĻϢ䣬ͷƲУһֻεצĴ磬ƾճ޹У׾ȥ
ʲô
̧ۿգͷͻȻһֻڵħֻۣħ۷·ֻܹ޵צԽһ谭Բ˼ٶȳǰȻ󣬹䵽ϡû
أ
̽һʮֹ͵ͨ˵죬Ȼʩչ£Ϣ̽צҽǣǣ̽һ֣ͻӶԷȡһǷսףϵһͷһָһ࣬һֻӡȫпܡ
ֻǣȡʱģûнʱ˭֪ȡʲôһжδ֪ȫпȡһëԣһͨȫ⡣㷢ƣöðǾʲô룬ʲôļʣܴͬ
ңÿ컹ֻʩչһΡ
һſԹҲ͵Եͨ
˼Ҳȫͨ˿ֻ̣ͨԶ֣ǵ֣Ȼܲħ䣬˵
˿̣ȴһŭҵĺС
ֻâһһֻצץԲĶڰա


2008 ҵһ
أҵĵ
׷ŭҾ徵ıǲǺڰħǲǴﵽ̨εĶǿߣԣҪԼĵ͵ˣǾͬ³ͬĲҽУͬ顣ƽʱһȶʹ಻һ͵ңǾײӲҪ˵ֱժ͵
ѽȥͨȻЩҪ͵ħ䰡ô͵ǲ𣬸Ͽ쳷
˼ƶˣһĻҲɵЩ㵡ûҪôɣͨף˭֪ץŵǰɴûз
꣡
ȻץˣܷŹֻצڰʶһУͿԲĵѾֱӱˡ
أҵĵ
۾ˣֵĸоκʹ඼Ҫĸӱҿ£ҵĲǵ飬ǿԼĵ顣Ŀõĸоκ̷Ҫҡ
У
׺ٳ޹еħħĿһĻҲ̲סһȻȫܵļн˫ȣʶĽ˫ֵڿǰ
ײУҲ̫ײˡ
˭ԣ˭ѽ
ħ
ȼҲɫ䣬һţæǰסס
׵ϣȫ亹ǣ˭ˣͬ³ȻħʵǵˣֻҪʱ䣬һܹٳֻǣʹֶ࣬ɵӰ˺Բ޸ģԣһ֡
ħԺ᲻᲻ˡ
ȼԺУ֪ôģʶĸֳһͷȻͷֺͰˡ붼롣
ץסҪʬΡһƬٶŤˣһŭ
ɱѽ
ħħͳħϿڿն
ħСб޲ħƣħЦɡ
ʱһħͻȻóһֻӵıУУ˵ͷȴһֳݵϢ
ţܺãħ͡
ɫ΢΢һЩȻֱȱ٣һħʲôֻбͽ׵ľΪֵó޵ģȻҪҪɵ䷶ú֪ôǲǵġ
οҲЩ棬ħóʲô޸˺
ħ뿴
ħ͹ǰе˹ȥ
ţܺá
׵ͷһݶľʹһֽӹȥ
Ȼ򣬾ոսӹʱͻȻ䣬һεĲƾճǰǲͷ·һֻεִðһ
ʲô
еŭʱǣַ֮ǰֻޱƣȻأȴħۣƭ̽顣
оһ붼룬ʶ˫ȼнΣűеһ⶯ǽһȫһֱܡ
ѽնֲֻŶԣΪʲô־ٶ
һͷȴԺп
ȷʵոձҪֻεָնϣŶԣķӦȴӣһ£жӿֳһǿҵܸ߳С
ĲҪġ
ˢ
һͿһֻεִ˹ȥһöԲС
ţٴηһҽУһֳֻŶͷȥ
ҵ۾
ͷϵֻħۺȻѾʧֻһնѪɫڣ˿һۣоΪɭɲ
۾Ȼһ׬׬ˣҾ˵ҿտն֣ôֶܻ飬ҲҲ
дһЦֻħƾʧһ㲨ûС̣ӳֵһֻ۾ǲգ֮飬Ѿᡣ
쵽˼顣
Ұ
ΧħħͣȼڿһĻ󣬶ɵİзһпǲҰ͵˵ۣ»бҵ
ǲҲ̶á
дħ̫
ĻֻħۿıħۣħֻۣҪħ۶ϣͿ׷ʮֿµһħۣȻͬҲۣǽ뷨֮Ķشڡһֱħͷĵ֮һھȻֱһӸ͵ˡ
ڰħʲô
ֱ̫ˣڴ׵飬ȥ׵滹ҪţֱǴݻĸ
ʱͻȻоһ
ܵĵͷһϡ
һɣɫһƬࡣ
ҵսףҵ·
һ仰·бĳһ֪ʲôʱѾһ·ûˣ˲һֻȫ£ʲôûС
裬ǳ谡
ħ̫ʵħ̫ˡ
ȫһӶ
ң֣ոճǰױħѾʧˡ
Ҫɱǡ
췢һŭ϶ðڵħ档
͵͵ۣڻ·ֱħ̫ˡ
ѽҵժʧˣë֪ʲôʱܺãΪʲôûء
ħѾݳлһ˿졣
ħħ䣬ЩһܷŹ
ȼ̼䣬ܵǽһģһ׳£ҲֲʲôôæָֽϵħȡžҪݸס
ãħء
ڸոժͬʱȴָ֣䣬֪ʱȻһöʯͷĽָȻԲħ䣬ѾˣǾƤӵϢı滻ˡ
ħãлħͣʤϲһ䣬Ϊ׺ɫлл
ħУһ峺Ц
ҵħ䣬ҵıħôܱȡԭˣҪ͵ĲȼǱħ䡣˭ҹ
׵ﻹ᲻ף֮ǰ飬ͲȼǽĿħϣȻ϶Ὣħŵȼϣ׵滻ڵͬʱûв˿Ĳԡһ㣬ǲ˼顣ֱͨǿ
µǣħ֮ϵӦһ㣬ȻıѾá
ãΣա
ʱͻȻоһε궯ӿ֣һڤڤеĸо·һεɱѾ׽ɱ£ֶ԰ѡ
ۣ
һɫĹâԶƿնܿǹâУ·Կһֻɫȸչ߷ɣųޱѤ棬·߿ȸ궼ȸ֮£΢΢һֳȵĴʹС
ǺȻһöӵ
һöѻ
ãд̿͡
ܵħѾֵķ
ڰ̳ڰĻ
һ̣Ѿκε飬ͷͻȻһͨڵļ̳̳ϣĺɫĲ˸


2009 
̳Ȼ۳ĺڰ̳ڼ̳УѾ۳̳һܸܱܵߵԪħǿռ䣬һ˿ٻεѹϣֱӸܣһڵĺĻܸǣ·һĻ㣬ܱߣ֮ȫںڰܱȫڰ֡
ۣ
ɫȸѻֱӳڰĻУĻκҪ£źڰ֮γһɫճиǴǿҵĸʴ֮ԴԴϵĺڰ֮Žɫľѻƹȥĸʴžѻ̺ܿȸĥ
ֻӵɲͨӵһ鱦ȸѻǹӵӵǴȸ֮۶ɣʵ壬ͬҲãȫȸ֮۶ɣǻǳ֮Ӧȸޡ̺֪˾̾ӵתͬʱƿڰĻ赲
ӵϵȸ֮ڲĥûиıǰĲ

ȸᶨǰ󣬲ƿɫĻڿʱȴҲûа취ܿڰ̳Ȼھѻǰ̳ӵײ£ȻķһУܿڷĴӼ̳и֣صļħϻص
ĺڰڼ̳ת
ȸڼ̳ϣʱͿ̳ϸֳһɫĻǲĻûãܿ͸ȸʵʵڼ̳ϣȴһȸ֮˲䱬Ϊһҵȸ棬ĸǺڰ̳ʼȼƺҪ̳ڻȼճɻҽ
ֻǣԴԴϵĺڰ֮ӿ֣ȸ治Ͻ
ǹУͺˮһ㣬ҵмȸȸҲڲĥգ֮䣬ȸͳʧˡںڰ̳ϣȻܿ澹ȻһϸСѺۡЩѺȻ࣬ңѿĳ̶Ȳ󣬲ϸ֣ᷢѺ۾Ѻۡ
ζţ̳ˡ
ľɱðԵ鱦
ɫһƬ䣬ࡣ
Ҫ֪ﵽ̨ļ̳Ȿһڣõй죬ıʣ鱦Ҫѷɫĳ̶ֳϣ̨ļ̳һ鱦ڹؼʱ̣鱦ײ£ǿļֱ̳ӱ鱦
ʿ˵ǾҪĸڡ
ԣڼ̳ʱʿ߾ȫѼҪѼԽļ̳Խȹ̣Ȼ͸ǿ󣬰ɳ£ĴͨߣҪ鱦Ӽ̳ɢһֱͨ
׵ĺڰ̳һ㡣̳ƽʱԿһ鱦һ̣ȻشˣѺ۲˵̳ϵļĶĥ١Ҫ޸֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬̳Ѻ۵ͬʱɣһѪ
̳ܵˣҪϾĵ·
µǣȸѻǹ̫Ե
˿̣վںڰħ⣬Ȼһɫۣɫӣںϣһڳڵ޻ڵУܲκηâ
ȻǸѩ
ûᣬҲ
ѩͫһĨ⣬֮ǰһУѾĿ۵ףȻףʱ򣬾Ϊʱ̣սױˣħҲ͵ˣԼŵҲûˣħ䱻ˣ̶ΪУܵشոܵȸǹһ̳ܵˡ˵ʱ̡
ʱ򻹲ֲǻҪȵʲôʱ
ȫ
ּ䣬Ѿڵ֮ϣڣһɹѪԪǵ⣬ľ񣬶ȫսУϹע£Ȼܿսڵвϲƺڵȴųʵһ̡
һ磡
磡
磡
ܿѩ׵ĵһĴӵаγ
εֻԽԽãγƵԽԽáǷʱ򣬷ֵضΣֿٰγƵʼߵİεȻУңܹ磬˷ʤȴǰεľ衣
ľ裬ڲصʣʣڵУԾ⣬ñ⣬ڳʵ˲䣬ʮıһնءҡĵƲɵ޼᲻ݡİεû˭ܹ׵ն
ѩ޵ľǰεΪնε䵶̺ն־쵲ǰһնҪȫ顣ŵҪնǡ
εڰγǰƣʱԽԽ
սʵһ˲䣬õ̺ı׼ʲطâġ
ǰεǿ
һǷĵزһ¡
ѩ̤ͨһֱơ񣬽γ磬һַâѾԵţңεḶ́ܿսӵаγĻ棬һ˿һɼʵ򣬲ǿ쵽ƭӾĵز
һնεһö֡
ڲԶһɫ۵ӣĿʼڸѩϡУʶĸֳһ˿ս⡣ȻֻǸոտʼεȴܸܵڵ̺Ϸâǵ⣬Ѿǵڵġ
ն
Եȫγһɲǣѩб³һ
һʱеսѾնȥ
ױȵĵ𣬰սΪһͨ쳹ص񵶣ǧɳͨʵʣ˿˿áǾһڳǧɵ񵶡У·ڷź
ն죡
ն죡
һ£ҲҪѿͳͳɢȻʧɫ
꣡
£ֺڰħĽ磬˲両֣ΪɫĻħȻڵ£ǹɿµµն쵶£˲飬ֱӴ˺ѳ롣⣬޼᲻ݡ
¡¡
£飬ħħͣ˲䱻飬˺ꡣն־
쵰ľ۸û갡ǹé𡣡
ױӶѾˣˣһȺ͵ɱְдɱ⻹ɱ滹һģҪʲôĳײô£ʲô˶ϣȻ˵ײУȻԲĶ֣ȫװħֵ£ţվЩСҲһë
һ뵽ħ䣬ľһ鴤ʹ
˵ЩѾ޼£ǵͨ쳹صĵѾһвһ̣Ѿûбķ⵶̫ˣΨһֻٴνڰ̳ն쵶ײ˹ȥ
ײײ˭ɱģΪҲᷢ𡣡
׵һƬȫŭռݡ
һ̣ƴشҲҪЩм˵֪׾Բ˭ġ


2010 ֮
飡
ڰ̳ɢ޾ڰ뵶һ𣬺ڰ뵶֮䣬ʱҵĽ棬ߣͬĴڣڰ֮У̺飬̺ŷ⣬һδζȹٵĹУǳŲĲɱ䡣һٳе⣬ǧ궼δػɢ
꣡
ֻ̳뵶ײһನ˲ֲˣֽܸƷ˲䱻˺Ƭʳһ飬ǻΪĩɢ
ܱߵĿռ䲻ŤŤʱֱ顣
ߵȼǱһನУ˲Ѫɳȥɫֽһ㣬ȻѾشڻܸܵһɵڲƻ
ħ
ȼʹ
꣡
ڰ̳ϣһȻԿ֮ǰȸѺۣۿɼٶȲɢӣѷԽԽԼ䣬ܿĺڰڲһ£̳ϵѺ۱鲼̳Ѻ۵ͬʱޱȿ񱩵ĺڰ񱬷뵶ײںڰиʴ
飡
ڽ֮ʱһƿ
ƣ
ɫ⻮Ƴգȸչ߷ɡԷ˵ٶȣһٴγʱѾǰԴϡ
ž
һûкڰ̳赲ʵʵͷ­ȻͿǿͷ­·һ˲ըѣɫȸ棬˲ħҵȼһɹħһѪ
ˢ
ױе˲䣬Ϳڰ̳͵һͻȻһƬڣţһڵŤش̳ûУƾʧɵħϣħ롣
ûʲôһǹܽģУǾǹ
УһƣϣȻܿԼ棬ȸһĨâ˵ûʲôһǹܽġڲǣǹ㶨
ϧδȫ
ѩĿü̳ߣ΢΢ҡͷ˵
̨εǿߣҪȫɱѶȻһĸߣм̳ڣ̳𣬼ͺѱɱѾڰ̳УֻҪ˺ǼȫпԹ¹ĻͬȻû˼Ҫָǲܵġ
̳Ĵڣֻ֮һĻٴι
νһȻҲпܲڡ
ڰ̳ڽεش£ѾƵıԵʱпֱ𡣾ᷢʲôδ飬˭ԤϲڵףѾˡ
Ļֻ»ƵĵѪ
һ̨ǿߣȻһȺԼʵҪ͵Ӹɱˣǳ裬ȥ׶ҪһЦһЦħеĳ衣
ᱻڳϡ
Զ

ףʥڡ
ǰѾһ¡
ϲ΢΢¶һĨŹֵЦݣЦҡҡͷֻ˶ģħȻַʽ䣬׵ֻ֣Ҳڴ׵ʷ֮ϣסȻ˼̳Ҫع飬ֻ±ôסҲûĻᣬʥܸĻᡣ
һ̨ǿߣ̳û̺
֪֣ǽ׼һߣҪ¹Ҫļ֮Բһ㣬һʱĳ̣޷ȷǧ궼δܹ
ףֻҪˣٳħеצȻҪѣҵ׵ļ̳׻һȻ
Ҫ׵һϣѣռħһͳȻûйϣ
ħʹճᣬ
΢󣬿ڷԸ
һȻ˰æǰȥһеȴճͿԡ
һֽҴƿأ´ҡ
пħڵķǱ¶һĨ΢Цħ谭ףһȻһ谭ڣȻ󣬴ѾʼжѾдɳǿʼָλýͶšͶŵλãȻ֮ǰΧ֮ڣռ˵̡ӵʵԵͳƿأԽ
ʱ򣬾ħҪڣҲκλᡣôҪúõ
ֶΣƿһлǺģϾѪվûдԸ̶ȵı׵ĵʵ
ڶա
峿
ʥϿմ
ĵŴ󿪡
ֱϣһ̤ϣʰϣһߣҲһߵͬ໥̸ɫ䶼һ΢Ц
Ⱥʥʥ󣡣
ȺУѾ֮ϣߣһҲֳСΪʥʸڳʸֻǣûֳµȨѣгʱһֱʥǼߵġĳ֣ûκεִ
Ȱݼʥʥ󣡣
ȺͬĹݼ
ƽ
׵ͷֱ˵
лʥ
Ⱥ˵
ħʹ
漴Ը
ħʹ
վڴУһĺ
ħʹȻ͵õ֪ͨѾڴȺ󣬶ʱ̤볯ΪߣȻǸʵ򣬰ˣһ̤һɲǣҲǰȻ
Ǵʥͥĺڣ̾ΪֹħУУǿ
ʵԺһͷиǰȻ
̤һɲǣǾͷ·ǽһȻͬ磬У޴һεϣϣÿһϣһֵ˿춯ԼͻôĶ֪
һ̣оʲôۻʵǡ
ףʲôǬ֣ģΰһһر䣬һ
ĸܵǰһԼϣ⣬ͬһѹϴһ㡣Υ档
ˣǴȺͶĿ⣬ĸܵһɹǿѹڴеȺȻûһڷླġһˣʥֱͥɲ⡣
ңܵһַȡ
ɭϵķȡ
ǵʥͥȣֱϵϵһ׾ȻѾǿֵزô
Ժиֳһͷ
ײУ̷ͬСɡ
˸˹Գ
Щ죬һ·߹ȫ׵ķڲͬܵϢҰȻͬĸо·Ȼͬ磬⻹ûмʶĺģ֪˵ٴΡǣûʸͲ֪ʲôĹʡ
ħʹŸʵ򣬰ʥ
ʵʹͬİݼ
Ͽɲ˿ĵ
Ǵ棬Ȼ
λʹƽ
׵ͷ˵


2011 ħ
ʹ飬ʥѾħٵľƣͬ˽⣬ڰħ׵ĴѾƳ£Ǽȣʱ֮ᷢսƣˮΣڵϦǣʥкħȷʵҴ׹Ŀ֮ڡҪʱԡĿøʵˣ׵ͷ˵
е⣬ڸʵ˵⡣Ѿȷ˵׿ħ򣬾ҪĽͳ֮ڣһĿ£̲Ҫ׿ɱٳ֣ʱȻԳħռݴ֮ġҲڳ֣壬״
չ鵽ףһѡѣУ׵
ڸʵǵĶС
Ǿһ˼
ǾǣǴӦ׵ҪǴʱԳǲӦǴ׵ڵɽӡ˴ţȺѡ
Ҫɣʵ
ڴô죬ڴ׵ĸߣѾ˲ٵ˽⣬׵ĸɳǣɳڣʲôɽˮɳǲƣ׾εռסܱ߽򣬾ڴ׵ġ
׵ɳǣÿһǼɳǣޱȣǿػ磬п˿ڣһվȽŸҪһɳǣԲô׵顣
ռħ򣬴ȫɺɳأ»ָܱߵĻɢħֻҪһʱѣɳڣܵӰ죬ԸһɸɾĽȫĽĻֶΪء
УȺ໥һۣдЦ⡣
ħе飬ڴ׳˵̫ܡħѾˣң൱ıĿѾ󣬹Ŀܸ翡
ħʹſɲЩ
ҲǴһϢ
֪ѶϢԵȣȻκν涼Ҫ·硣
ֻҪħһı㣬ȫֵõģϣûб˵ֻгɹʧܡ
ħһ£Ѿ̫⣬ͳεڣɳѾʼ֣򣬳ҲԴԴϵǨӦİ˿ڡ
Ѿʼ˷ڲϵĳɳ׳󣬻Ľ˵ζ͡
ʥ˴ǰҵȾҪ׳ѹħסԽħ֮ΣңҵѾþϣֻҪܹǰҵȸ壬ħи壬Ըɴ׵ͳΣֻǣҪ֪׽ΰҵȸ塣
ʵһ˵
ǵĿġ
Щ뷨Ŀô׵ķ֮Щ뷨ͳͳûˡ
Ψһ뷨ǣܸʲôĴ
ţҴ׶׽Ͷƴ֮ң׾ڣûнֹļ룬ȻײܸɳǰãͶߣԻһƬɳǸܣҴͨ飬ŮֻҪͨףͿԻȡݻ
л˵
Ҵ׺ɰٴн࣬Ǹ壬Ը⣬һԽɳǣԿ̣ףֻҪԸ⣬ͨ飬Ȼϵ֮޷壬ֻҪͶףɻȡ׻ɵôѫ֮λܴ˼ӳ֡ÿ壬ӵһ֮λ׾ڣ壬ֻҪشɷȻڴУߡнܳ󱲣ҴѧԺѧѧ֮ѧ
Ҳſ˵
Ǵܸĳ⡣
Ҳ֮ǰѾõĽ
ҪǶɲĻǾûʲô̸ġ˾ֱӺƹȥ˾ǳһЩѡ״ѪǲǻعѪǶѡ
иǿߣԽͨ󣬿Խ˵֮Уվп˵ĵط
ٴ˵
ʥ֪ŬŵǷһ֧
ͻȻ˵
Ȼ֧֣壬ҴףˡͬΪͬ
ƽ˵
ŬŵȻɫǰƤ֣ײ֮⡣ֻҪףǾˣڴӰ죬ֻҪ׻ͨ飬ͻѪȻȻŻ˽ƫɱ䡣һоʲôɫ֮
ȫˡ
̣ͬȵ˲ʱѾˡ
ңֻҪڴһʱ䣬νķɫôҪ𣬷Ͳȥ֣ǱĬѡȻڻ˵
һѾĬĹ
ʲôϡŹֵ壬ףǾͱȻҪͬǴıˣˣŻɢҪȻһֱڡ
⣬һǴ׵ĵһɣ֪ģտڲԣغǴ׵ǧƣ֮
άҪĴ׵˵ģȻջȣĴۣǲɲȫԳܡ
лʥ
һ˵ȻˣħԸܴͳΣ׳ѹס
УȻѾһ˿ᶨ֮ɫ
ǳʹʱ򣬾Ŀ֮һѾ׼Ȼѡ񣬲ѣҲȨѡ񣬻ȡǵδδؾͻ
˵һӹء
ܺãҴףԵһͬʡ
׵ͷЦ˵
ʥ⣬ͨ󹩷
ʱ̤У˵

΢΢һЦ˵
󣬾ͿһӰ
Ȼ˾ժǣԼ븵ѩˡ
ڿʱϵȺв¶һĨŹ֮ɫǿ˾ժĸ͵ֵʱǱһʡЩʶļн˫ȡ
ˣ׻ˡ
˼Ŀãһڣоǰ;
ҵĳ𡣡
˾ժʶĿ˿Լְֻ֣
Щͷ
ϷУһĨ漴ͬʱʩݼ
ʥħ˴ӽѾڴˣʥġͬ˵ͬʱһֻϻС
ڰħѾ䣬ֻ̳ӣʥ𷣡
Լ븵ѩҲ˵
λѾ䣬Ǵϲ̳Ѿѣ˴šοʤǿδ֮СħһͳȵΪͷйѫʹ͡
Ц˵
漴ǰϻ
ϻУȻܿħڣһöħ䣬ÿһöɢһĶɡ·еȻɢȻ˴ǡ
ħ䡣
ڰħѾˡ
ħʹȴһȻǸʵǰǣ϶¶֮ɫôû뵽һֱѹͷףȻͻȻȥ


2012 춯
ĴʥͥʵԺʶĸֳһͷ
ڰħʲôĴڣǶǿ۳̳Ĵܼڣħ֣ǿ׵ʵͬУ޵еħͨͷʹޱȡӽ䣬ͳħ䲻ħͻԴԴϡ
ֻһ㣬Ǿ޷󣬴ʥͥô׸Ūġ
ֱ̫˼ˡ
ѵɳ˵̨ĶǿߣǳԽ̨Ĵڡ
ֻǲ̨ܰεǿѾǶǿߣԽ̨Ǿ֤һԪڣ󱲳ɳô죬Ҳûа취ͻƵ֤Ŷԡ
һµ֤֣綼
ȻϢġ
һ֤У鹧أޡһء
û֤ǿߣ׾Ȼܹɱ̨εǿߣңɱ׵ģȻǴе⼸ͨ󹩷ǺεȲ˼顣
ݸʵĹ۲죬⼸ˣûһΪǴﵽ̨ģҲ˵ħ׾Ȼʤǿܣǻɱġħ䶼ΪսƷ֮ǰ붼顣
ָоͷ·һӳ׵߸֪һ
лʥ
϶¶Ц⡣
һΣȡħ仹Ǵɱףһʾ˵ĹѫӲҪ˵׿˵ʹͣռһĹ㹦ѫġ
ռݶĹͣȻȡĹѫ
ЩǺм㣬շŹѫ㡣
ĽС
ףδؾһ¡
һ̣Ҳɸֳһͷ
˵ģ٣׺󣬲ĵ£Դ׷𹥷Ϧеԣʲô壬Ƕ԰Ļż
ףһȡ
ĵɹ
Ŀãܵģ٣ȫʵ
׸ǳŵɰٴܹĴڣ跱ܵİκζҪ󣬶ҪҪ
ͷ󣬸ʵǵľȻ
Ȼë֮顣
˵ħƿأѾΪȶʵ
ıʣҪȻݸġ
ʥֵܱ̽飬ܱ߼򣬶һЩ춯дڳű߽תƣĿ꣬ӦǴס
ħᣬħʹȥ뿪ͯǰһ˵
Σļ򡣡
ƽѯʵ
ڸķӦûио̫⣬֪ҪǷ𹥷£ֻҪһͳĽ˭ûӦķӦʩ
һͳ£û˭ѡ׷
սǲɱġ
ʯ̩̹򣬿޽򣬷޽򡣡
ͯʿ˵̽飬ʯΪռݣʯ֮棬ֻǣʯѾսܣĽʯ򣬳ױͳΣҽƽ۳ʵǿ
޽Уʨһͳ鲼򣬽ʨĵͥͬе۳ҵλ޽Ȼûн˳ȴһͳϽѾΪ޵԰е彨۳еĻ彨۳̩̹е̩̹һԽ޵۳鱨ǼͬʱҴױ߾ڿֻͼơ
ͯʼ˵
Ӧ֮ǽ壬̩̹壬ǻ壬壬еǿ֮УǼȻһͳ򣬾Ͳ׷Ҵ׵ͼûڣݺǼֶԿҴףҪҴʥͥ
µȻһЦƽ˵
һͳһԲʲôƲ磬Ӳǰ׳գ֪׼ǵ£ȻԴУ֣ǱȻͬʱԴ׷ʲôܵ顣
пܻǱȻԴףǺκһ򣬼׿⡣¸Ƶ£ֺǿԤϵ顣
ȻڻûԴ׷ȴѾ׼
ܺãһΣҪһӲҪ潻棬ѾǱȻ׵ͷ˵
֮ǰ򣬶ʩչּıģķ޷ۼһ¶⣬Ȼ֣ƣȴԽһͳѾʵֵױ档
ıƣıԣɴҪսƴľǸԵʵ
ʤΪ߿ܡ
ֻ£ҪռǵĽЩͬҪϷִסӶеƸ
ʥģҴ׾ʱ׼ս潻棬Ҵײѷɫκ壬κδƽ˵ɢһǿҵš
ĩսȻҪսҴ׵ȻΪǿ
ҧǰһս
ĩս
󣬾ͿһųȺУս
սǰͲãֻսǻȡѫܴ
΢Ϊ˿һһҴѪأһǵгػЩ˳Ҫ֣ҲҪȹѪһأȫǵսΪҴͬʱȫɽħ򣬳ƿ֮ڣк֮ǣ׳ʥͥˡȫӦ򡣡
ڼͻȻ˵
潻棬ײ壬ȴҪֳػ֮ռɽħƿ֮ȹ̸ȡսôԵ˵ɻһѪǣкβɡ
ţ
Ҳ׵ͷ˵ȫռǰõɳǣٶȸɳռݣһӦգɻ켮ǨơѡԤǰɳְ֮ǰٶȣأָ塣
ǣʥ
ȺſڴӦ

˿̣ڴ׽⣬ȻܿŽӣһ޴Ľ
Уһ½Щ½طΧӴк򣬺е죬ֻǣСࡣվԴ͵½Ϊ
Уһ½أǧ
Ȼܿ½Уܿһ޴ĽɫɳɳϿգ̾һ޴ɫľˣϸֱֳۣʮֱֻۡЩֱУһڿǹޣȵȣÿһڣ·նϲķâɢ˼ΰء
һ𣬺Ȼǽ˳۳顣
۳һʼ档ÿνһֱۣҪ𹥻ײޱȡ
壬еǿ֮һ
˵һھ;жصѪƿؽ֮ģֻǣһǾֱۣÿͻһףܳһֱۣ񺣾һԣϾͻԣͼԣǽȻƽʱ䣬սʱͷų


2013 ֹ
ǣֱɸֽĵ츳ȡĽĵرں󣬿ֱǿԼ壬սƽս塣ΪԽǿսԽǿﵽ£ӲͿ鱦ǿķѪ츳ǿɸĽģڿٳϣԱľΪ׳۳ߣⱾǸΪӵģ೤һֱۣͻµıߣжֱۣжٱߡɳɳսֱսϵɱ¾
˻ɱǣǻУͻᱻشǴ
ȻҲеȼֵ֮ģģǻƽѪ󣬿ۻƽս塣棬ǰѪͭѪѪѪͣս壬Ǻս壬лԵѪõɱ䣬߲Σ磬һΣǾͭѪսҲͭս塣
˵ƽѪǽе壬塣ܴﵽޣ˵ߵġѪûлԵﵽһΣͻᴥݣܴ粽ѽңͨѪɵĽĵرƷҲƵģ̫ߣˡ
ֻ˵һ
һѪҲδһܽͭѪʮͭҲδһǧδһɱƽɴˣ֪ƽѪεȹءڽУҪѪ֧š
û˻Ͽɣϵġ
ֻǰ͵ĵ۳ǣȫһǿƷ׼ߵĽԲɣͨ嶼ҫŽĹ󣬵ȴӵһֶصĺ񡣸һ֣µϢԡ
ϸֳ֡ƽǣ
һȻǽϵ۳ǵ۶ƽǡ
ƽǲ֪ʲôй죬Ϳֱգؼƶ󡣲ֻͨĳǳأһĸɳǡԾסͬǿսһֲսϣŴƣճϵĵϡ
ڳڣȻһ۹ƽ𹬡
Ȼǻƽ۳ĺڡ
˿̣ȻܿƽڣһУֻˣһƽһɫ۵ӶϣɫĳɫȻȻ¶һϡ
ǻƽ۳˳֮ƽ۽
ڴУһŻƽеǿߺȻÿһ϶ɢ˵ûһѷɫڷླǴ󲿷ֶѾﵽԪ񾳣ⲻֻΪ磬ս塣
ΪͬǿĽǿߡ
ǵУȻƫУһΣѡʼնȫֻضѡ˫ݣš
ƽۻӴ˵ݿɿ鱨ʥͥѾܱ߽֣ɽħħ򣬸鱨ħʹŽ֮УͶϣڰħףѾڴ״ɱ֮£ңʮ衣Ҳζţлɱ̨ǿߵħʹŴͶϣڰħ䣬ħѾͬƿطΧ֮ڡ׵ɳǣѾڲϳ֣ħɽڴս֮£ţŴʧϽڵ˿ڣѾף򣬱Ȼƿءڣƾκһδܿ׵ı档
֮ǰҽʯ̩̹򣬷ȽйԼһнҵͼǾһͳ֣ͬʱףǿͬʱսҲ׻ʤҵ˫ӦಮٲŶԣ˸ǿ󡣶ңҵȸҪǿ󡣸ͬսױذܣҵȱʤ
۾Ӣױذܣҵȱʤ
Ⱥ
жһ˿ȡ
ڴʥͥһδγͷǧŵ֮䣬ʮֵĲǶʼɣһʼǿǱǸѹ¾ΪѪʳһĴڣȻڽ죬ͻȻ𣬴׸ѹڸͷ˳ڴף˭ǻ񣬴Ϊ
ĵһ˳ӦǲŶԡ
ܱ߽򣬶ѾһͳңҲ˳֮ڴף͸󣬿νǻ񣬽ıɽħ򣬺ԥˡ
Ҫһ֣ǿףҪױӶеĸԴ׳ֱƷͷѹŵĴɽ
Ǻı飬Ͳһˡ
ħûһͳڰħйЭ飬ϧ׶ˣȻ֮ҲͲˣ壬ǿɲΣɽͱų⡣
ѾĦȭơһ֧֧Ѿʼű߽еǲʱ׼
ܺã֪ͨȥһսǾٹ֮սˣ׼̤սҽҫûҪ¶֪ҽ壬Ǹ֮ϵǿ塣
ƽ۶Ȼ˵
۾޵У޵С
Ⱥȥ
ƽҲͬһʱ仯Ϊһ⣬һƿնȥ
֪Уһؾ
⴦ؾΧǺܴҲḻɴ˿̣ȴֺüӰÿһɢ˾Ϣ
ÿһһϡ
ƽ۳ֺâһҲһŻƽ漴ϡ
ˡ
ڲ֪ľ޴ϣһǾ޴ľ˿˵ˣϵƤܿһɫȴһһսףкȻһֻɫףһۣ·ȴʲô
ŵ˹Ǳ׼Ρ
ƽۿ˵
޵۹ľѾ׼ʱʱͶս̩̹ţѾλ
ƽ˵
޵۹̩̹һΪ𣬵Ȼֻ̩̹ˣ壬ͭˣɽˣؾˣҾˣˣ˪ˣ۾˵ȵȡ޵۹Ĺ壬Ҳսڣɵ̩̹ţֱǻأײе¡Ǿһ֮壬Ҳ˿ѷɫͬеǿ֮һ
Ȼ壬շ
¡
ƣ
ָķûš
ҷ۹Ѿ׼ʱҪʱٹԱһΣ㲻ܱףҲҪôף֮Уû֮ףҪѹƣȻҵȸ壬гͷ֮ա
۹֮ƽ˵дһ˿ᶨܿһѩ׵ۣȴһƮݵʣӢǷƽʱǧĽĶ
׵ٶȣƵʣʵ̫ˡ̶ʱڣһƿ֮ڡֻҪһ룬;ÿ£شף˭밲ģʳѰ


2014 ֮
۳ҲûѾǰ߽磬ҪľǣҪԴ׷ҪԴ׵ѪǣҪǻƲ˳ǣǾ޷Դ׾ˣսã˴סҪģ취ƿѪǡ۳֮һɫۣͷһֿҰʡɲѰ壬ͬǶǿ֮һѪУ׽ڻһֻܹǿΪʵֻԵĵرǵؼĸȻ
һ𣬲Կϣ۳ָǿͨǿΪ
ɱֻͨԷײޱȡ
ңԻΪ棬󲿷ֹ˺ǡԿ񱩺ս֪ڻ嶼Ǽ֣ǡһǣԷͻᱻžǧꡣԲʲôܵ顣
ͬѪ֣֮Ļ壬ɫӡǡü䣬ɫӡǣڵüλãȻܿһɫӡǸ֣·һɫһ㡣
ʮ졣
ɫɫ˫ɫɫѪĸߵͣζƷסͬѣѪϵһܴƵģһ㣬弸ͬġ
Ѫһ鷳ɲµ޹ֹףĴ޷ƿѪǣҪƴףǵһؿ˵۶Ѫû̫õİ취
һ׹ɵϣȻܿһͨɢԣȴߵӰ˵һλ޽еİеߣ޹Ĵۣۡ
ȫܸܵɢɷ֮
еİ䱾Ѫǿᣬκѷɫһ壬ν壬ֻǣƫԡҲһеĶǿߣɱǶûѪѹơ
ΣѪǾǵǰһ
̤ȥǾˡ
սú塣
ԣ֮ƽѪǡ
ʨĵ۹ӵһʨӣȫ߶ĻӦлѪػݡ
һ֮ޱŨĴۿ˵òʨ棬ȴһεϣ֮£˲ɰȻе֮һʨ塣ʨĵ۹ĴۣʨĴۡǲѷɫڱһĶǿ塣
ʨӾʨĵ۹еһ
ΰ
ȻܲƿѪǵػ磬һ㣬ʨĴͬǺܿ϶Ͼû֤ʵһжֻǴѡ
ı׾ֱ֮ѪƿݣԿռţֱӴԽѪǣ򿪿ռֱͨɱ׾ڡ
ͻȻ˵
ֱۣȻܿϵֻϣѾһöö貵ıʯ棬Ѿűʯâ֯һ𣬸һʥΰĸо
ֻףۻʨĴ۵ˣͫһ¶һĨŨŨļ顣׵ʮֿ£һۣܸܵһεв
۹ƣԶѪѹƣսȻδƿѪǣȴҲĽ֮
΢Ҳ˵
޽ݣֱƿֱ֮ɱѪ֮ϡΪ̳һ·
ʱҲ˵
һУжصط޺ӵƽ֮ܵݣֽƣֱӴ͸ȥȻҪݣô׵顣ϾĲϣһĺ죬ĺǣȻһһ䣬ԼĺܹһõıᷴԣԴΪ١ࡣνһеѹױ֮һ
óҲǸоһֹףδؾûгɹĿԡ
ֻҪɹһжֵõġ
Ȼһƽ۹Ȼķ𶦿ѹѪǡķһãͱҪɹ
һ˸Źâ˵
ʲôǶ͸ѪһѪ֮أǴ׽ֱӽ綨׽ķͬˣĿڱܲķ磬нڣѪĶҪţͻὫֹ֮ͻײ٣Ѫ޷š
ĶֻҪ˳׼
ǲᶯģһãǼ͵Ƿսڱ˴ˣɼġ
׼ķǣѪǡΪƴ׷ݣסƿѪǵĿԡ
֣ƴס
ۼᶨ˵
ײǾζţǽ鷳Ĺ֮ս˳˵սɹʡ
磬̫ˣ̫࣬ҲõģֻԴΨɱһ壬ǿ壬֧磬ҹ֮սǿߵսߣûʸ񡣡
̧ۿԶ˵
Ŀ⣬һѣҹսߣֻԴս棬ĨɱЩߣսǿ߻øԴսбøǿ󣬵ǿߣҹսʤĿܡǿ߲ӵԴ߲С
ǿ츳Ѫ
սҪôսб𣬾ڣǿߴҪô֤дڵļֵ
ȻԷսͬҪӶᣬӶԴ̩̹۹̩̹һϱǿȻΪȷġ
ϧûоޱʯҲûлƴˣҪȻһָͿɱһ˿ڣĨɱߣҲͲٷսˡ
а̾Ϣ
ָҲδغʹˣ˳֮У˱ӣ֮Ҳδá

ûãۼǿ߷׷ȥ
˿̣ħУܿһɳԲ˼ٶȿһϣ䵽µϣ䵽ߣֱ֮Уڴɽ֮֮ۡߣɽ֮ϡ
һ£ȻȻĿʼڳ¡
һսɳ֮ڡ
ЩֱӴӺǨơ
˿ڣУŮڻȡŮӡħɽеա
ܿЩɳС
ǨƵİգڳк󣬶õ켮İãס
еȡ
Ǵɳô̫ˣǰ£ôɳǣ̫ˣǴ׵켮ôǾҲǴˣҲˡ
ɫһž켮켮ʾѶϢ漮ϣȻֳ֡ףǴ˵


2015 
ɽԭŵ˿ڰգһֱǨƵ³֮СϾµİգѪԼĥ𣬹ĥתȫµĻ»ָѪԣͬһڣЩɽİգе˷ܣϲãȻɢԭȵų˳ӡһִǰûйڴ
˵ӵͿԽ֮УǴ׵ĵڶ硣治ԽиĿָʤ˵ٸϾҪǷʳˡܹÿһ٣ٶٹܱʳ
˷ܵ˵
ڳΪͬʱ׻ᷢһ켮ݣһһε͵ġаյĸȻҪˣǾҪԼǮȥ򡣻оάĸʳʣʵάһһķ
ʳֻͨʳסһ͡һķǾԲٵġ
ֻᷢһķ
һУǸ¼Ϥеɷġ
һУֻҪͣͿֳ㹻ʳΪʿѡѧϰգѧһżգգΪԼıֶΡ
ڵһ󣬵һٷǲٷʳʵġ
ǱղһЩ
Ǻ¡
ڣ϶˷֮ɫ
ǰʲôʱԹһͰһЩ˼ңҲһٶѣͨˣһٻܹܱʲôζһԱȣͿȫ֪
ʥͥﾹȻǴʥͥǲʥֱ̫˼ˡ
ããã׺ð磬磬̫ˣǿµˣҲú½˯ˣͲ֪᲻ѹӡһ˸ûӡ
̫ˣݣǴˡ
гİգȴǸӵĸоλ𺳣ôû뵽֮ǰΪʥأҡһ䣬Ȼɴʥֱͥǵ߸֪
Ȼ֮ľǿϲ
ڴʥͥ棬ȻҪò֪ٱ
˭ҲĪȥ
жڴ׵ϿɣȻȻϾʥ֣ͥͬİ
ͬĿʥء
ٺ٣Ǵɳôǲ˼飬̫ˣҲܼУΪɱǰסĵط֪Ҫֶٱ
ҪкóԵҺţ⡣ˣǿԿҵ̣ǵ൱óԵġ
ܿҲһİС߶ȣձֻһңңϵ·ɫͻɫΪһҲ¶˷֮ɫ
ЩȻǻˡ
ЩΪ壬ûжģֻǵĽŵװɫëƣƶٶȴԽǿһ֧
ħЭ֮󣬸Ҳ֮ף壬Ҳɳǵʸ񣬶֧һѡסˣɫ֡
ǵļ룬ôɳڣһɫʡ
ɰٴ˴󣬶Ȼ棬ûų⣬úȤǵļ룬дһ顣
ͬɳڣģҲʼ̾¥ȵȡ
еİѧˣܶಽ죬չʮɳУܶһµɳǽֻҪҰĵģǨƣԭȵɳǲ۵ģһµɳУǾһоˣһǺԥռȻ̣¥ڽֵ߰ڵ̯
ʲôĶС
ԭȵɳȻûа취ͷµɳУǾվڷڵһˣһͷҲܷе̣һƬհ׵гҪǲ׬Ǯֱǰ׳գɵӡ
ԣֻҪ³ǣڴ׸ɳУܶĲģǾɳ޷ͷˣѡǨƣһѡ
ǲûоߡ
ħڣܿܶɳУоûңڳп˵̡
Щг۵ģȻǾеزо֮ˮȻ¶滨ݣȵȣвժ۵ȵȣЩصıڵУٲȻһɫ
Ǿ壬ɳп̣
ʦڳпҩ꣬ꡣ
Ͷ׺õĸǵȺɳп̣ƽʱԳɳǣȻ˿̣ڳоסͨˣÿν룬ֻܶʮ죬ͱ뿪ܻȡþסȨõݡ
֮ħеɳԵʮ֡
׸ȱ˿ڣԴԴϵ˿ڴӺг֡
ܿͿһɳǴ޵УֱӱַǷ
ͬɽУһɳǲϳڸԭȾסڴկеգͳͳ뵽ɳ֮СܶɳֱӾͳЩŵĸɽ¡
һɳǣһʥͥѹֿԳΪؼһʥͥ˲áӴ˿ڣ˾˵ٶȽ˿Ǩơʣʤ
̨ɽϡ
λֱʦվɽɽµһɳǡ޴ɳǣҪѡ
Ҳɳǣߣ˹䣬Խǹ۲죬ԽǸо׵ɲ⡣Уһ½ɳǣȻڶ̶̼ʱڣóлַָֻ˿ϵĶѣһ־òаգȫΪʿΪһȫ̤֮·
ȻֻǸո̤ȥȴǷָʿ֮
һΪʿ֮·˲ͱýȻͬܿԭͳϽµİգΨΨŵŵɳпòȻһ¡ǻص֮ǰǾԲԸġ
ңУ˵ͽ˿ʼ̽ܣЩͽˣһΪģﵽϾǿģѾԪ񾳲ε˳֡
иʣ󣬸ֳԵģõģȵģġͬĿӦӲϾ
Ϸ¥ԹۿݣС˵˵齲ֹ´档
˿Ȫɽׯ潨Ȫ˽ȪƣͣǿΪ泩ޱȣȻȪɽׯ˭ܽģҪӵȪȪ۲СҪҵһöȪȪۣǿɲһ׵顣
о¥Ƹһվտĳʦζɿڣܷʳ
ƽ۵̡ĳ¡
ǾװʦƵĿʽ
еĴŷΣǰӾеĴƴƷһ㣬죬һ㣬ȴӵľʣгεͬʱ汸ȡˬĿ
·˲侫񶼱òһ


2016 ս
Ȼ·ķΣƮƮ۵壬ңڴɱһ㶼κηЩߵĽ»ҪӵʡõĲϣǿɶϵȲϣ޻֯ɵ޲ϣ˳˿ůޱȣ̺еĵϣǲתԪ˺ѡ
иָĲʣͨľ˿Ĳϣϲ˿Ĳϲ֩³˿ëⷽνںϣ֯֬вɼƣ۳ƽȵȡ
УͨĲ϶˿·
ط鲼ȣȻǲͬնۡ
·Ǵ׷ŵģÿףϴģǴЩ·һ̣֪˵档·ǹ꣬һӶûдġ
ǰ·Ͳˣ··ˣôõĲϲʡڴȴֱܹӷףõ·ͬʱԭȵЩƾѣǶǺԥӵԭȵ·ȫݡ
ɵʱʤʦǿȴһȥ
ǵͳ£ֻܴµֻܻԵûϣһ׵Уżʱ䣬ͷ췭ظı仯ԵģȵģģȫǱŵӻҪõĶࡣ
гڵĵҩ
ܶ൤ҩЩ龳εǿ߶ǰʿˮ
嵤鵤ѪѪԪ굤鵤ԪȵȡǴ񺣾ʿ龳εĵҩܿõȻ龳εȻϡޱȣа磬鵤ǿǿ龳ʿĵҩз
ĵҩҩ˼Ƴǿҩ
ϡ٣ҪǮȻǼߡǼ۸ʤʦҲһʹ
ܹ龳ζõԴǺεȵ󡣾ʮϡٵģҪõ൱ѵģϣԽ߲εԴԽϡ٣ⱾǧŲ
׵ĵɲⰡ龳ԴУң⻹ֻǴһͨɳǾˣڴ˵еĴʥƳǣֽǺεȹ⾰״գѾ赲ˣ˰ˣѡһܳӣǰ׽ޣ̨ɽһΪɳ֮󣬾ͿԳΪһֻ֮ȫڶҪ˶档
ʤ̾Ϣ
ʦԼǣ飬Сӷҷȱ
ֱʦ׷ױʾͬ
һɳչֳĻ棬Ѿ׵׵ĵ̵жôǿȫǳ
һǿ񣬴Ͼܿ롣
̨ɽ
ս±ǩԼƹܵյЩţҲ׷׽ŸɳУĸֲܵͬڳпָԴ챦ϱҩ鵤ȵȣʤд׶صԭʼüףúܶŵӿ𶯡
׷׽й
ԭʼüףԸɳȫлɱɶսס
ڻٺò
ɳеĸֺôŶڴ׵Ŀܣпʼ߽
ǽɳǣңѾʼǰ켮Ǽǻȡ켮ͬʱҲܵͷУ֪Уһε·εļͷһͻ޴ĺ

ʱȻš
ɽħ򼸺ƿ֮ڡ֪ΪΣɽڵĸţȻڴײţɳǲϸǸӶ·ѾһʵֳֹһֽħĬϵ̬ȡ
ڴ׳׽ɽʱüǵȵжǿǰʥǣǰʥУõ׼֪еڣʱȥɽһʧɳأ谭
Ѫǣͬڵһʱ䣬ӹȥɽħƿ֮ڣһΣǹȥѪǿɲõģʵĳ壬Ѫǣÿʱÿ̶ܵ룬ı׼ȥΪǽһ֡ʬҲͽȥʵĳ壬ľ۷ػ֮
֪УѾȥһʱ䡣
һ졣
ʮһ³
޽
ܿڽԵȻԿ޾ޣ糱ˮ飬ڽԵЩݣɢϢʮֿ¡ĿǷɷŨ·һ룬ܱ޾ƻݻǰܿһֹȫʤ
棬ܿӿµ֮Уÿһ𣬶ž޴ѹܱߵݡ
ȵȡǿ޳ڸ
ܿлζȴɴбĿ̤ա
ЩܻεģǿһеĹ壬Ѫĸ߹
бϲһڿսĽˡгΣбż׿ǵĿˡһϢٶԪ񾳲ΣҲǿߡ
Уһ޴İ׹ϣۺȻϣĿĴ
Ȼ޴½ȫҲһһˣʣµսֻҪԸ⣬ʱͶսһս
ʱ䵽ˣȥǰ
ۿգ˵ţͿǰŤһ۰ֱûУֱӴӴϿʧ
ٴγʱֻѾһƬĺϿա
ܱϣٲȻܿһ۵˷׷׳֡
໥һۡ
ʼɡȳ֣Σױơ
һǰǰޣУȴܿǰһΰĳǽǰ
ķ𶦣ѹ
һּ䣬ȻԿĵ˸޴ƾճ֡񶦿ɲһ㣬һͨڵĺһͭһڰһڻƽ𱦶𱦶һ֣ͷ·ܱգһѹնŤ·ܲס
ڶ¡
Ľڶз֮
ûκγɣĿڱһȻͬʱмۣײһʱһӻΪһڸӾ޴ıϣɫתܸܵдݳĲϢبų档ء
·̺һء
¡¡
ķۺûκγɣֱǰײȥ
һȻܿײĵطУһ嫵ĳƾո֣һ޴Ľڱ֮¡µϽҫ
֮ڽ档
ֻһ˲䣬Ѫϣһʿͬʱɫ䣬һսĿãɫ԰ףŭϮȼ̨нʿϳǽѪǣ׽򡣷ҴߣԶɱɱɱ
˴׽򣬷Ҵ׽ߣݡ


2017 
Ŀ꣬󶦣ĴڣĿ꣬󶦣
һ޴Ĵڵһʱҫâ޴·һ⻮ƳգصĺķϣĴڸǺһڹ⣬·ܺƲ񷡣ǧͬʱķϡ

Ȼǿڱֻתһ£оͷ·𴫵ݳȻĽڹֱɵУգۼ䣬ȫʧΪСǻ棬¡
ڴܹɹĴ޷죬ȼ𡣡
һѪսУһսɫ䣬˲ףһΣдǰѾﵽ޷ӦԵĲΣֻƾѪɢѪػ
أ
һ̣׾ڣһƬͣһ㣬ͽ˳Ұ岫ɱԡѪ飬ʬǿŬǿ
оͻǾȢӣȥӣӡ
֮ڴУͲ¡
Ҫһ㡣
겻֡
ڴ˿̣׾ڣߴ򣬲һУֻҪ̧ۣܿ޽ڵķһ޴̳̣ͨ嶼ǳɫ·ѪһͨǼԿУ۳ɾ޴Ѫɫսǣ䣬Ǻ
̨Ƿ̣ǱλãѪ޽޽б䡣
նǺ̡̨һ챦ѾѪΪһ壬̣Դף̧۾ܿ
Ǵʥͥķ̣Ȼ̨ѪѾںһˡһ⣬˲ͿԵȼ׾ڣȫԿһΣֻд·
ɽУʿĿã֮ɫ
һѾ֡죬սʼˡ
һĳ֣ʹһѪսڷѶţܵԻѪǵǿ󹥻ŵǾǷ죬ѾޱΣٵĵˣʮֿ£ޱȾˡ
սʼˡ
֪ееУ̧ۿգһĨɫ
жһսĵû˿⡣ڸ쳣ٶ֪ûжǲԾƶѡʵ򣬴֮УѾ׼ʱսУʱ׼ÿһʿŬþзŵԴùѫһԴ
ΡսУһͨսʵѾﵽླ
ԪǾսǾǾųһĴڡ
ǰ׵ľų޲ǶѾﵽ񾳲Ρ龳Զӵжɽطֻ֣Ҫǳر⣬ûĿܡ
иԴḻһԴǾһп
񣬾нʿ˭Ħȭƣ׼սȡȡϹѫ
Ⱥʥǣǰս
һƬ䣬ƽĿڷԸȥ
֮ɳѾʼűսŲƴȥУеİգ˿оûУ糣
ķ𶦣ҪսһעˡȻʥܲ㵽ף֮սʤΪ߿ܡ
ѪǾֻҪԸ⣬оܹ׵Ŀܱеһķһ֣Ѿ۵ףһУָơ
ˣʣƽ۳׼㾡ȫһս⽫˳֮սңԲֻǻƽ۹һ˳ԵĽǺü˳
Ķ֣Ѿһ˿Ȥ
ôʱ䣬Ǹóֶһˡ
ңεĶУȤĴڡ
ĿãһǻЩź
ȺõѶȻһʱ͸ϣȺۡ䲢
μʥ
Ⱥݼ
սѾʼսĻѡλǱ档⣬ӦûֻѪǵķֱӷ𹥻սʤܡ˹սʤΪ߿ܣսͳ߸ı뷷⣬Ϊة࣬ɲةة࣬ҵλƷ
û˷ʱ䣬ֱӿ˵
Ҫǣҵλة࣬еĳƷҵλة֮λͳϽˣȻǹߣݸģھУةݣԽ飬ȴûоϵȨȨھ
ةȨһЩͨ£Բеֱ֣ʾ´
ҪµԭֻҪҪģʱԷ¡Բ©ȱδȻ
ѡսڱôǾ޽򣬼Ȼˣǿ԰ռƻ£ҪռҴףǸʱҲʱ̡
۾һҡҡȣ¶ŵЦݡ
ս߸ıʿ£걸ļƻ
ʥ΢룬򣬳
˵
׼
л³һûж˵ʲô
սƹܣѾȷ飬Ҫ£ǲвָġ䷢ӡ
ʮФ
ҲûгɣϵĿ
ĩڡ
ֻʮųͬʱվ˳
ս󻢣ѩþѩأŷĬħԳʷ詣ƣʦţţħţޣ߾峣𼦾־칷ŵš
ÿһж¶˷֮ɫսⲪ
սţţǰ޽򡣡
ţħԳţǰʯ򡣡
ѩþţţħţǰ򡣡
ţ칷ţǰ޽򡣡
߾ţ𼦾ţǰ򡣡
ţţǰ̩̹򡣡
ֱ

ʮФͬʱ
ʥ΢룬ʮФػʮФǰսš
ʱٴο
ʮФػѾǴսÿһ𶼲ѷɫκ龳ǿߣǸǿ
׼
׵ͷӦ
ʮФػǰǶ룬ңػФȫ֣ӳǿǵϣȻٺò
лʥ
Ц˵ǰս
ǣ
ų׷״Ӧ
ʥ΢ʥּɽ򣬸ţǲǰսս
ʱڼͻȻ˵
׼Яʥּǰɽּ⣬ţǲ߳ɵǰսɲ𣬽ƾԸսɵþ
ƽ˵
̽飬ɽУ̺ĵԴﵽ֮ࡣ


2018 
ףҪӴ٣ɽеţǺȶأӵеĵ̫ˣȻڴ֮£òףܴͳϽվ̫ߡŵһԳ䵱һϮҲһֶԴ׵ϿɡϿɣҲҪη
ͨзɫ񣬲սɻȡվмǹ㣬նɱǿߣо
˵зɫͽ˿ǰѪǣسʿԭϣƲس񣬵ҲᳫȫƾԸ
΢󣬼˵
аղηսԣǶɳУŴսڷһʵ飬һδսеİղѪӿֱӳϳǽɱսڴ棬ԡѪɱǹʬҲû˻Ǵ׵Ĵͳ׵Ѫԡ
ǿԼѪѪȾɽӡ
죬𣬴׾ڵİգ׵ַսѾʼˡ
ҪȥĻͻ֣ᷢɳУͽѾװʼǰ׼ǰѪǡ
ȥǰѪǱ߽սʿô󣬲ȡκηáΥߣɱ⡣
漴ٴ
Ѿսʱ̣еһУҪΪսòΪսһеԴսΪһĿꡣ
ٶȽ͡
ʻԱˡ
ڣսһսʥҪȫҴƿ֮ڡ
һƽ˵
ּ䣬ܿУ˸ȻȻĸֳΣԱսϵĻ档ܿķѪǷһ𡣽ڲײڽ棬֮ϵĽ֣Ȼķ𶦻޷ѪвǽѲѡ
սʼ̨ȼ̣ɳٿᣬȥʱ䣬ʵ򲻹Ƕ̶̼Ӷѡ
սڲŸոտʼ
ķǻƽ۳ãȻǹһעѾȲˡƳ忪˵
ҿͳߡȻѾ֣׼ϱһһѪǡڼζ˵
ǵֶΣѪǣҪͻƾͿͻƵġҪַҴףǾҪǵЦ˵
Ĵ׿ɲǰÿ̶ӡ˸ԴԴϣ಻˵ӣǴУŲ
ɳǵٶȺܿ졣£Ƭ̼䣬ѾѪϷսϿգֻǣΪ䱾ԣȻȻգʵ֮䣬޼֮УûֵԸǵִսûܹУԿȴڵĻ档
ڶԣдʥеİգһ̽۳սȥսȻ·ʱɱȥ
ǿɫ𶦣һ⡣
ȴҲܿһڱƿѪǵػ硣
쿴ʲô
ʱָպ
ֻѪУ֪ʱһƬ޴Ʋ㣬Ʋ˸ųɫĺ⣬·һƬ޴ޱȵĻơƲֺ󣬾ͿʼԾ˵ٶţǵأղ񷡣·ǾһƬ嫵Ļ𺣡һţ۹ơ
أ
ȫܸܵɢĿϢһΰеѹ֣˭ֻҪһ۾ܹĸܵ
£ֲ

һĸо
ʮֵǿҡ
УһŹֵĺХд󣬸žͿһųҵĻ򣬷·ǰ㣬Ѫ׹ȥǻ棬ͺ籩㣬ϯҪɱһСݻǰеһ
¡¡
һž޴ĻֱײѪϡ
絴綼ڲŤһʱһʱ貣âڲϵıУÿһ·Ѫܵ޴ġûһŻڽʱȻըѣΪֲ𣬷ƻ磬ս硣ƺҪһȼ
ޱײС
ʨӣ
ʨĴһӣһڽɫľӳգ棬Ȼܿиָ帡֣һɫĸʨʳݣһ֮Ȼ
𣡣
ʨҡڹУģȴһͬʨĹŹ·ܿһʨ췢ʨһɫ糱ˮ㣬˷ϯȥѪϡ
óϵĽ磬ٴγ־ҵĶһ಻ϣâۿɼٶȷٰ棬ɲ·Ѫ磬Ѿ᧿ΣʱпһĹ£׻ơ
ݣ
ĿѪķѾһ̶Ⱥйâһһּ䣬Ȼܿǧɵƾճ֣Щݿһ׹̾ͳţ·һĹһ֣ͳǰƿնȥ˲ѪǰˣһǣѪʱһɹϴݶȻ󣬽ݾ£Ȼ
ͷһſڣҧڳǽϣצץѪϡһӾ͸һƺȫΪһ壬ɷָһ㡣
ΪܵѪ磬Ӳƿһ󶴣еоֱͨݣѪǡѪػ
ܿÿһݶ㼸ɿ䳤ȸʮ
ǧݣѪϡ
Ӳ̳ǧֱӵִѪǵͨ
Σ൱¡
ѪǿľѪ磬ػǽõ˵Ĺ޷͸ϵĽʿȴܹ棬һ̣ơ
˼ȻбѹѪǣػ£ݾƽ֮ǲͨǣݣһǹ屦óһǧҴ֮ģޱǿҡ
۾΢΢Ǳ¶һĨЦ
˾ٶѾѪƵ˼¡
ԴҲû⣬ǸҳַȻı㣬ҪǶԸѪǣǵĽһЦڣȻѾɹѪǵĵһݡ
ԵģѪ⽻档Ĳս
޴̤ݣɱѪǣ׾ڣɱ
ֻۻּ䣬ֱӴһ޽֮ͨ޴˲ͷŭ
¡¡
ܿݣ˲ǵصϯڴϣЩޣȴĺ̤ˮ񱼣û׹󺣣·ˮǺʵĵ棬Գû³
һ޳޳Сͳ޳һʱͳݡ


2019 
һֱѪǣ˳ݣͿ֮ϣѪ磬俪룬һĻѪϵǸεѣѪǣԵƵĴνָÿһζΪ׵ĲƱݡ⣬ôܹս޲ʤҡ˿̣Щ徹Ȼа취ƿѪ硣
ݡֱɱѪǣǺεȵĿ£εȵա
ϵཫʿȻŭȴûκηһŨսɱ⡣
Ҵ׽ߣɱ⣡Ѫսͳ췢ŭ
нʿĿ꣬ݣݻݣɱеоɹ
ܹըܹĴڵľʯܹӵܹҴ򣬺ݺݵش򡣸ҷҴױ߾Ǿȥ̤ݵĵˣȫɱ׼ŹһҴףҪѪ
ɱɱɱ
ѪϣʿһŨɷȻرֻǴľӣܶ඼ǲμӱ۵ķԱʵսѷɫټרŵս֣սκ˳еľѷɫ
ս׽ʿӲη壬رҲǴ׾ˣսѡ
Ѫǣսʿ
кξ塣
ˢ
´ըϣҪһֱը٣顣նϵֱʵѪǵϣֻǣȷʵǿ󣬷ը׺ϣ񱩵֮֮Ȼûнݴݻ٣Ϲ˸Ӳס׵ƻܸܵϵ֮߳ɣıɣĥϵĲɡ
ݵƷףѾǷ۷һı鱦Ҳ֮ңȻǽ鱦ҲǺ鱦鱦࣬ȴδѷɫ̫ࡣ
ЩݵķޱǿĹϣҲ޷ݻݡ
𣡣
¡¡
޻Ϊ޳˳ǧĵ·ķ棬УһƬѪɫޱȣеǣȫɱ¾ɷ⡣
ԺֻһͷǾɱɱɱ
ǰһͳͳ˺Ƭ
ڣЩֻҪ˳ݣͿֱӳѪǣúܵѪһ޵ʹ£ЩݣѾ׷
ֻǣǸո̤ݵʱܼս糱ˮϯһޣͱɴ⬣ѪȪӿ˲ϲս׹䡣ܼļ£ݷ·Ǹݰ㣬ƬƬ顣ϡ
ܹЩݵʬϣֱӹû뵽УԡѪǣ϶ɵĸֳһصĹâ·ܿϣһЩµĹƣϣݵǿһ˿
ܹݵʬѪ⣬ϱǿ۳ȫµĹơ
ͫ΢΢һĻݾͿˡڻֻǷѾޱȼ̣Դݻ٣ǽΪ鱦ݣǷļ̣Եɱ䣬ֻ»ӵԴݻ١
ƽ۹Ľʿǣɱ
ͬһ֣һռսϣйâ˸գۼ䡣ͿһֻӴĴͨпٿвǧ飬һ۾ܿ鲼ս

һս׵Ľ죬ڵĺߣ췢һϺȡ
ţǣ˲仯Ϊһʮֱֻ۵Ľսսÿһֱ֧Уܿ׷һңһ޿ƥеķâȻܱɢݳȥ

ͬʱŭ
ŭʱܿһսʿֳԼĽ屾壬ֻǣһԶǺѪÿһֱֻŵֳܿһֺ⡣ɢķâܹܵͬУиһƻ
һսʿлݡ
ÿһɢϢٶﵽײΣĽ׸ռݾ󲿷֡
һսʿ̤ݡ
ѪǣѪսеĴâûͣ¹ڴУԴԴϵԱ͹ϸȥȻͽ˵ˡЩ޲սڵִ󣬶˵ֱ󣬶׼ϯ޿񳱷𹥻ü꣬˲øܼ
ʱһжֳһĨӰȻףЩݴʲô
Ѫ类ƣһսҪֱˣɱ
ԡѪս

˿̣ɽУȴһȻ
Դ׵ʥּѾִš
øǲǰսսʥּȻʥּУûԵǿҪ󣬿ԴӦҲԲӦԸ٣ҲƾԼԸȫԼľ
ü
ü˿򱱷սü䣬һĨɫϣ֪ͨȥУ֧ȫǲȥϸսսӢнӴƴһͬս
ü֧нÿһ֧һ򡣼
񲢲࣬ɵܹɺԴĹޣԶκǿĵ֮һֻҪеڣž˿ӡһ֧ǿĵԱŴвһ
֧УûһǱԪѷɫġңɽǶüɽŵĵ֮һ
ڣü̩ɽ
񣬰üȴѡȫǲȥһǵ߸Եġ
̨ɽ
ʤԶ˵֪ͨʦܣ޺ǰսս޺һȫȥȻҪչǾ͸׿̨ɽĳ⡣
Сڡ
¿ڣ˵ڣеǰսһ֮ԣҪƽ

ɽţȻ״һּ̺Ǳ˼ʲô
㲻ǲǿԣֻԺ󣬴ҲúõĶԴǣǲǲ٣ٵҲԣ׻ǵúһһر
ȻǺõĻǻģǾǿˡ
ŵķӦܿ졣ͨѾսȥ
ʥൽʱˣøϳѪرֵסϮ
΢󿪿˵
пܵ£ǲϣ̫ġ
ϾܻţվȥҪá
ÿ˵ʮֱ
ż˻ǵֵһ
еȻһЦ
ڸոգѾӵŵķӦѶϢڴͣһ֧֧ڱսһȫԽЩŵֵ
ž
սͻȻһָ


2020 
һָ·˲佫ؼһȫѹȥ·һ̣еɱݵĺԴ׽ʿǵŭһ̣ѹȥֻһָջصһĿ⣬ʶ˳˹ȥ
һȻܿھ޴ϵԣ̧һֱֻۣϣȻһֻѤɫʵףϣȻܿɫ˸öʯɢصĵϡ
ףޱʯʱ䣬ռ䣬ʵ顣öޱʯУȻѾöңЩʯȻѾﵽؽף㵽ո˶ٵԸιЩʯ
ͫһԡ
Уӵģԡ
Եʵǿң׵¡öʯѾöζţֻҪһöԲ룬ʱ׵ޱȿ£һ֮䣬컻أ£׾١
Щޱʯÿһö鱦ֻƷ鱦Ҳֱ̤뵽һΣöһͳףͬһ鱦Ĺ屦ȫܹܵ׵ѾκһƷ鱦ѷɫ
Ǿȫʯؽף׵ȫ̤뵽Сֻ죬һָ֮£ء
ڣۼöȱ걦ʯɾв˼ΰκ鱦ȼǿ⡣
һָջص
һΰŴݳȥ
ˢ
ΰѪǱƿķ϶д͸ȥգۼ䣬Ѿڴ׾ڡ
򣬱޴½һ޴Ŀռͨƾմи֣յһɢ
¡¡
â˸䣬ȻܿһֻӴĴ̤һƬ޴ƽԭϡϸȥЩȻԻƽ۹ĽΪ׵ĺȻһɢϢɫս׵ӣεѪѹƣܱߵĽʿܵһ־η˿Υ档
ǽ󽫡񽫡ѪƽѪڻƽһѪǿͳսʿǧǧ˰ͭǾ񼶴
ǧѹѹ鲼ƽԭ
񽫵սȻѾﵽ龳սǾ
̧ۿԶǱ¶һĨ䣬ǰһǧ⣬дɳǣǵĿ꣬ǴݻٴɳǣҲҪ״ʹʧǣսȲ顣ѪҽҽҫУһľȻ֮
ս飬ɱɱɱ
ǧʿԥķŭ
һս֮ǰǾѾ׼֪һսڴ׾ڵĿԣߴųɡʮɶƻǱȻûлȥĿܡǾǸӣΨһĿģǸ㹻˺ô𣬹ڶҡԪˣšΪսӮʱ䡣
ȻлĻȻҪȥ֮ǰѾв׼Ǿǰġ
ڴսǰѾо֮ģȻȻõһ֧жôĿ¡ôĿֲ
䣡
ǰǽ·
嫺һɳ⣬һ޴Ŀռ֮
𣡣
糱ˮӿռзĺХܿ޵Ӱͳ޳Ŵɳڵλ÷ķϯȥһ㣬𶯡
ض·Ҫ˺ѡ
һ
ռͨڴʥͥڣѾڵߴС嫺ħ򣬼ձȺɽħ䡣
һͨ򿪡
̤ͨģеǺ޴еǽеһ޴ľɵľ˴ޱ޼ʵĿ˴лų򣬳еŻ˲䣬ͳڴ׾ڡ
ǿµĶ
ռͨĴɳǣҲǵһʱ
ãпռͨͻѪǣռֱӿǴ׾ڡ죬֪ͨǣеϮ
죬ǻȥæУϳǽ
ܶ໹ڻҰнͽǣһʱ䷢֣׷ٽϢݻȥ

һɳУ
λǣϢ׾ڣִռͨ˽ҸɳǷͻϮ£ҴףκսǰڴսɳͬΪ˴սϺȡͽˣȫϳǽȡսʣУɱɱɱ
ҪЩǣڳڣǹɳǲƣоǰ벽
һɳУɳ֮ͬʱӵԴ׶ľ档һʱ֪оѾƿѪǵĽػռͨѾڴ׾ڴ򿪡һսϯסս𣬽鲼¡
ɱɱɱӣĵϳǽӺúýһΣ֪Ҵ׵Ľ죬ôġ
ڼЪϢȥʮ˸ħӣǵƤëΪư켺·ҪزĪޣΪ㾡ТΪ׾ҡ
˭˵ŮӲУǣϳǽҴûث֡
ɳڣյõϢһ˲䣬ըˡ
Щһֱ΢ĩи߹ˣǽһѪ죬ŭ߳㣬սڵһ¾ð˳кܶΪԼǰѪǶеźھȻֱɱˣֱ̫Ҫǻ̵ȥǾͽйˡԿ𵶽ͳǽЩͽˣԥľ̤ϳǽ
һ˲䣬ǽϾ飬վӰһɢϢսȻ
ʥǷҪɱ֧ԮɳǣЩɳǵѹἫ󡣡
ѯʵ
Уһ治׾ڵȺУȻܿгֵĿռĺֱӿԽѪǣڴ׾ڡԴɳǷ𹥻ֱǴδй顣ò˵һ֣ʮǸ׳нɳ²֡
һ⣬ҡ׵ĸ
ⲻʢУô׾ڵİգһѪϴδǻ£ȻѪػǣǲɴƵģˣһսҲ°ףʢѪʬ͵ģδֵõġңδزһλᡣ»˵
Ԯǿ϶ҪԮģ֮ǰδ°һսѪĴɳƽػκδ׹ƣǰˣӲҪ˵ڴɳȫΪǺַ֮ǰʮӣǿ
ǾҪЩ󣬻᲻Ըˡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
սǰ
üӦǰս
һѪսϣâ˸һ۵ĵ̤


2021 Ҫ
һһΪ壬ɫۣŮɫۡһΪһΪǡ䡷Ȼ޵еĵһһһ˫赣ң˴ͨĬףһʩչʮְԵȻ򵥡ҪУϴУѰ˴ϵĻ飬Ȼ֣ÿʱỵ̈һƬ̲롣
ģȻƣȻһŮӣȴһԵӢϽȻѾõü洫üഫ̫ϵĵͳǽһУǡ̫䡷һ޳ɣв˼ΰҡ
ƱǵմһȻǺĴС
һΪʮǿһ򷨡
˿̴һ̤˵üƴǰλ񡣡
ü䣬Ӣ
ȻˣҪΪüġ֮У̫̫ţЩţɱȶü֮ǰһż֮أǲ֪Ҫʤٱ׶ȡİ˿ڣǰʥн̸иһŵǾǣֻҪشɷӴگ
ţʥͥнɳǣյˡԭܹǧѡӣȴڴʮ׵˿ѡӡ
ֲ֪࣬
Ȼŵļʶ
˽⣬׾ͯУŵļʣԶԶҪĶࡣ֪ǴһͳǱĬ´ı仯ܹŵļʡһ㣬ǿ֤ʵ顣Щһν˲űѧãѧԺѧ֮ɿǡ
ôÿһοƾ£д˲ӿ֣ĳ֮ţġ
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ڴ׷ſƣл׾ѡεӣһ󴴾١յŵĿԣӡǰʱű׽áҪȻָȻڡһΣټŵս֮ԲҾܾҲûоܾĴ㣬ģҪõڴ׾յӵʸ
ҪȻһţղżĵӣűȻ˥ܣ
׿ôȴûô
˵һǧһ򣬻һܻ֡ΪãȻٺòңǸڴյӵʸܲЩţҲҪԼıº
Ͼ֮УҪйҪԴԴֻҪйѫͿԻȡӦĹĹУͬУң
չƷףģ컯شĹһ࣬칦ȻĽ칦ϴܣĹͬԳ֮Ϊ칦ַΪĽסÿһУΪ䣬Ĵײ㡣
Щ𣬹Ҳ˵ײؾڣղصĹ伮ײĶС
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ڴװ˵ؾڵĹ˵ģֻҪﵽȻǰУӲҪ˵аټҴУܴСȴ󲿷˵֪Ҫʤٱ
ԣҪڴӣȡ˵ǾҪҪԼŵ֣ڴ
ΪʲôǲңֵʮֻҪս˭ҵĵǿɱи࣬ȻһʱͻᴫףڸɳЩż˲ŵע⣬ͶŻ
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ϣָ㣬ԴʺĺĹУֻҪﵽһΣܵõڣڣȴҪѫжһ
ѶȵĻ˶졣
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һ̤ݣȻͿһԶֱչֳױȵĬۼ䣬һնȥսѾΪ⣬ǰ󣬵ǰޣ˲ͱɽ
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ĿãǱ¶һĨȤ֮ɫ
ɽ֮ɱ֮սνʮϡ磬ɱˣ嵽ǽϵȺޣ̼䣬ͱɽɱһѪɼԵ
ƣ
ɱ¾ͬʱͻȻ䣬дһХֻһ޴ķ£Ȼֻ޴צԲ˼ٶȣ˲ͽǿץϰգצһ£ըѣһ࣬ΪһѪײ
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ɱ
һ룬Ϳһ˲֣зɽ£Ϊǧٵ⣬֯һ𣬻Ϊһڰ֯һţһ˺ƬѪ
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ĿãԵͷ
߽֮·Ľ磬ֻһ㣬ζţ֮Ѿţ̤ż֮ڡ
˿̣׷׵ִ
һ֧֧ڸͳ£ֱǰһ֮ϣݵĸɱһ𡣻漫Ϊңǵ޾ҲϵĳЩʵ̫ǿĵֵս𲢲
Ĺ̫ҡ
ԴԴϡ
Ҫǳǽϣཫʿ󣬷ǹѹƵĻֻ£ڴѾɱǽϡ
ңŵĵȷʵǿһͶսУ˲޷ɱϳǽӲ赲⡣
ΪͿ赲ôǾδ̫СǡǸ֪ʲôսɱ
ͫһ³һ
ڵľ棬Ȼǲ⡣


2022  
ֻڽ֮УͻȻ䣬һ޴Ľɫⴲȴ׵󶼱ѷɫֺͨɢһķâɫϽ֯áս֯֡ǽĶս챦ͼֽͼֽǿһ㣬ܹ磬ơ̺֮˺ѽ硣һ㣬ǾһĿײ˲ͬǰ㣬ֱըѡ
൱£ǻԵĴ
ƻǼǿ
Ȼ൱ǿҪȴô׵顣ҪĲϣʮ֣ңҪıģʽϼıģκһ飬ǶǼֵǣؼǣϡޱȣѰȻÿһҪʽֻҪĴָСһС飬Ҫĳɱɾˡ
Իƽ۳Ųǧ𣬶ڣսϵģȻﵽһǧȻһ롣Ϊɱı
һ̣Ҳûڣһսûпƽɱϳ֮ϣԽǣѾûа취ӲҪóɱһ߽Ѫϴ׽ʿĵֿ֮ġ
ĿѪǣ۾䡣
۱ķһϺȡ
飡飡飡
һܼ޳ɵĳѪǷ𹥻һֵľ޴˲仮Ƴգÿһ˸ŽɫĹâԲ˼ٶȣѪϣѾޱȰĽ磬˲¶˺ѣңƿͬʱ֮ըִĴһӻΪǧͬͨʸϸС
·Ůɢ㣬ǽ׽ʿͽˡ
ۣ
ЩϸС֮ͬмΪǿĶ
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սɫ䣬ſڷϹâ˸䣬ֳһѤսסս׸ȫˣһ֮ͬУƿԭʼü׵ķ
ܵսʿͬһʱٻԭʼüףΪһطͬʱٵʩչͨսµնȥ
ۣ
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ڻɢµĽսʿҵѸתƵط¿ʼ׼Ѫǡͬǽϣ׼Ĵ׽ʿ󣬵һʱƣʱЩƿƵķ󲿷ȴ档
սٴνȻ׶Ρ

˿̣Уһ߲ʺ⻮Ƴա
⣬ֱӳڵλá
ǺȻǲʺŵĴ⡣
ʺڴ׾ڣԾ׼ĵִκҪȥλãһ׵ĽΧʺŵĴ;ͻòȷֻܴŽٵĳƬ򡣲ֱӴ͵ƶĿ꣬ȫġΨһǣٵλãǲȷģ˭֪º󣬻ʲôطпĳյأпֱӽ뵽ĳǳ֮С
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ܺãͿȡʲôսЩ˳ҪƻҴ׺󷽸ҸδҵҪ顣Ϳ˭ֶθ˭ʵǿ󡣡
пǼʺƿնȥĻ棬һĨɫ
һΣ֮սֻǣͽȥǾǽ˳ͳϽΧ֮ڣ֮£һ¶κܵɽ麣Хľ˴Ľǳ׻һ֡
ңһδǴ㹻ĵơ
߸򣬴ݻ˸նǵ·
ǹս
ڹңͬҲҪԶֵĹ
еһУûжԴֻʤ
޽
ƽԭɽָ˲̾ڸأ䣬Լĳǳء
˿̣ѪƽԭУһֲȴ޴ĳǳУȻܿһŠڳߣڳǽѲӣʱŲ𣬸һʱٷͻϮĸоһ˲ͻɱȥ
Ǳ塣սʮóǴɱμϣǸ֡
ѪͨͺܹǿһΪӰһΪ磬һ𣬳սϣǾµİɱߡͻϮߣ硣ɱΡ
ܿ˿ǳУеػ̫ܴ࣬һѾȥǰ۶ս˲ɡ˿̣Գֳ
ңΪʨĵ۹֮ڣķ֮Ĳǿҡ
ֻǣһ̣忴һ߲ʺͻȻڳ⡣л¶һ˿֮ɫǻûмѤĲʺ硣
ʲôƯ
ǲʺкʲô
б̧ۿգš
ʤսʤ
ʱһ߿ź𣬴ݳս⣬˲佫ϵƲӲ顣
ãϮ
ֻһɲǼ䣬ѾӦһ׵֣֪Ǵ׵Ĵɱˡ
ɳǣųײȥ
һĻͻȻ


2023 ؽ
УŻ£Ȼܿһ޴ɳƾճ֣ɳǷ·ǻȻһ壬һ˿϶Ҳȫƣһۿȥܸоһǿҵ𺳣ǣڳУܿӵдĽʿڡЩʿϸȥһɫĻԭʼüסսŶеսüס
ͨɫǰֳһݵĻͷ˫磬ϥǵȵλãܿһĻ·ìذװ㣬˸ĺ⡣
սü
̺ѽս޻ꡣ
ѽǹ
ͨѽХȼѪ
սüףǷԭʼüףӵüͨʩչ˺ѽʯİԵХȼѪսս˲伤սⲻȼѪϢսⲻֹսϣңˡ
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γɲֻǹͬռݡ
Ядɳǣͬʱ֮ǰѾԸ´İӣֻҪʱһʱԳ֣𵽹ؼԵá˿̣νپͳһǳϿգĿú󣬺ԥϣҪôɳֱǳأȻ󣬳ڷУµɳǣڴ׵ɳǡ
һ£ʱͿһƬѹѹ
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ǴɳǣҪȫѹúݶ̫ˡܣǸϿܡ
һ̣еı˸ֵĲңɳ̫޴ˣѹƸӿֲֻǿһۣ֪ɳǾԲֵܹģѾǲ赲£ƬǾȷѡ
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ԭȵıǳسȡ֮ģһȫµĴɳǡ
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ǰɳǵҪؼ
ݳ飬սһʼħƽУῪţͨţԴԴϵĺִפ˿ڣͽˡΪһԤսǵĿ꣬ǽݻٸ岿䣬һеоǿ޽УҴ׵һɳǣڱ岿Ͻͽкڱǡ
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󻢷
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ܿһ;޴Ļս̤ϳǽЩսޣÿһɸߴսսǣзӥһεĻؿܡЩܵҲɣһСһ䱸ӵ󣬿Ժǵս
칤дĻؿܡ
ΪսޣںģӦ޻꣬ȻĨȥ˼䣬սɵ޻ꡣЩεĻؿܣԶصϻ֮ܺġ֮ġоտսɣǿĹңηȻҪ޷ʱתڣоģľҲͨ󣬻ָͨװʯʹս
սܣ칤ĸĿУһֱռݼΪҪı
Ѿ൱졣
ڵĻؿܣսޣʵԴﵽĽסĽ֮ϵģ֮С
ܵĳɱ͡
Ϊһս칤еĴ棬˳
ڵĺڱУ;һؿսޡ
ڳǽϣʿפڳǽϣֻҪκζ˲
ƽ硣
󻢼˵
һɫĽ磬Ȼĳɳ⣬ɳȫڡ
սţ
󻢷һϺȡ

ʿź
һȣֱ̤ڱǣڵһּ䣬һ޴ĽɫѽսǰսüеĻѽսڲûüӵʱüеĻ޿ֱԻΪͬһǿٻһ㡣
ǿ޽ʨĵ۹Ľ˸أȻεĹ򣬲ʨĵ۹ˣַΧڿգܵؼȻȻѹƣܵעӡ
ǿɲҪ̫עӡ
ٶȣ񣬹һУġ
˿̣ڴУһӰĬĬע󻢡
սžų󻢹ȻܴӴӱѰ֮һսпΪ
ںģȻʮФػ񣬻սʿܻǴһϣƼսһĴڡ
սŽʿ׷׻սΪ˲һ档
ϣ֮һҵĺ


2024 
;У岿䣬Ǻã棬꣬ըĵĺ£Եƻǳǳػǿߣ׷ױֲĹݻ٣漫Ϊֲ;УֻܿһƬѪ壬֧顣ˣɱ
ޣɱ
ǳأݻ١
䣬
ûбЩ˽벿Ĵ㣬ֻҪһУ˻ǳǳأͳͳݻ٣ͳͳսеѽǹȫȾѪڵ׺ףֻб顣ǰ޽ΨһĿ꣬ɱ¾ݻһУڷУؽڴף
ܿǿͻϮĹУֻҪԽǧ룬Ǹ뿪ͻһʿ֪Ȼ󣬻ּ䣬һɳƾճ֣ڵ棬ɳٻ֮Ȼɳвûдװգдؿ̤ϳǽƽ֮
һճǣڴ׵ɳǡ
սŵս̫ǿŵƻ칤Ƴĸսͨ岿ԣǾ޷Ĵڣ֮ҡ
ھ
һɳǽϵĳ֣ڴϣڿ޽֮СһȻȻľˣˣ·һӰ㣬ʨĵ۹ĹַΧУ˿Ϸ죬ܲ͸֮УӲ˺ѳһӡǣɳԽԽ࣬ʨĵ۹Դеĵˣ֮ѡ
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һֵ̽ѡļȫھѿٳռϵʿӵпƶֱӴռʿĻʱ䣬ٶȣִĿĵء
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ˣµɳǣڹȻڴ֮Ľϵ£µɳǲµĻֻҪסɳǣռƬƻгˡ
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˵ÿɳǽ֮ضҪĽ֮һ棬ӵзĸԣʱɾת˷ֵȡǼ¼ѫ⡣ֻҪȵǹеļ¼ᱣ֮Уκȱʧ
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ģдӴǲĳ˲ţΪӡԼһ䱸ԱľͿʼаȥ䷿סķݡͬʱҲһԤսϳǽػɳǰΣһжˮɵĽšû˿Ļҡ
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Уˣаγˣϳγˡ
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Ϊûг׹ᴩݣʨĵ۹ڵɹˣֱɳϿγһϸСͬצȴֻʮɴС󣬿ȴʮһλϵϣһ֣̾ɳϿգˡ
ʨĵ۳ĽӲ˺ѷָ
ǹϵķָϵķָԭȻܴƬˣڴ˿̣еˣȫС͵צɣȫʨĵ۹鼳ȡɵĻᡣ
߶콵µˣĹУצռݾԵơλϵĲ࣬ǿƣ˵Ḷ́Ѹ͡
ãʨĵ۹֣в޷ȡˡ
ڿ޽гСצʱսϵʨĴаһ޽ڣѾƿأܵƣ˶޷ϮΪڣͺһӣһѵӣ԰γȴʮܡ
ͺʲôѪһ
쵰ڶҿ޽֡ʨĴһ۵ˣ˵
ҲоˣУֲܿƵ鷢ǿҵľѶϢ⣬ѾʼɱҵǿǸûнҵȷ۵ס
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ֹףǿռſ׾ڣڴ׾ƻӦǽͷöŶԣȻǵϳֱ֣дȫûнǷ۵ףƣڴһӡ
ȫȫĲ⡣
Ѿ˲ˣֻҪܹƴףһжֵõģЩΣֻҪǻȥ׾Ϳѹȥ֮Ǵڵľ档
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ʮɣ
һɣ

̼䣬ѾΪһǧɸߣص̩̹ˡһͨ帡ֳɫ̩̹ˡ
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һĽ֮𣬺ȻԿһǧɾ޴СһսΪܴϣܵһֱԵ·κεǰͳͳҪ
ǣ
ѪһָһĻԿ³


2025 
һ·ʬһսеһӣһϺȡųɱȥȻµĺ彫֮һнƿ츳޵۹Уƿһ֧ȫƿأ飬µһ㣬ǲ
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սϣһӰƽվšһսڸ⣬һϵۻϣȻĳؼ䡣Ϣ֮ǿͬΪ˳ۣ֮ۣҲ޷أ·һ㡣
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2026 ׼Ů
Ȼλ˳֮УпصģֻԡܸоԵΪ磬ȫﵽ̨ڵ̨УǿߡöʯףϿƼƷ鱦ı̩̹˵ĿֲѪȷʵһѵõľСۣвûио̫вȻЩȷʵﵽ˵̨Ρ
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2027 Сս
Ȼ̨龳ĶԿУ̨ҪʤһԻ¯ͬʱٴη˳ֻܿϵĻ棬Ѿ룬·ĥ̺ԣͬĥ롣ôܣһ龳Ȼӵǿս
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2028 ճ
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2032 
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2033 ˵
ʲôüӦԣһкֱӾʹݻԼ½ųɵĴ޽еĵ̣ʧʹҪֲʧ֪ҪķѶٵʱԴ
ֻû뵽߻ʣ˲йӺ׷ȻͻȻ֮䣬Ի׹ĻԴûκηֶַ֮ΣǿֳµĻ֮ӲըƬͬһѤ̻š
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ץǿڰһ鱦սȻǰ׷Ź

ڼץסʱͻȻӰ˵ĵУһӵϷȥ·Ǹոڻ׹У޷ܣ˷ѡ
Ƿĺ⣬ȻԵķ˹ȥ
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ſƣϣ¶һĨڸǵϲãЦãããĺãԣȻ˵һ걦ʯû뵽Сǵȫѹҵޱʯھˡ
УȻһöźıʯǱģޱʯе걦ʯҲΨһȱٵһöʯöʯȻ۵䱦໥ںϣð꣬ɱɳǿԣڰУһ£ۣǲ֪ġ
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2034 ѹ
ԨϢУȻ̺һΰ־ͻȻ䱬µ֮ϣͻȻ䣬޾Ԩǿɽȥһӻָ糣ͬʱԭʧٴγʱȻײԡ
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2035 ս
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2036 
һεջһ㶼С£Ĵɱ˺ҹаħܱߵĺˮѾȾ죬ѪڷܱߵѪʬϵȫµĳשһ飬ֳ֮ɫֻǣûȫͷųѡ˵ǿߵʬѪ⣬ңǿߵѪ⣬ĳשǺģټÿԴԴϵ׼壬ҹͣѪѾ׳һ־˵ĲΡڣ򣬶ʲô⡣ĽҲȫó֣ٲϽ䡣
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УѾԳǿߣ޵۹˶ڣȻ޴ӵֵһ·ɢûС


Уһ֧֧ŷٵǲȥͬʱʮФţţͬʼ볡һɳǣϵĳڸ
׾ڵĶңŴսеԤǲȥ׷ױѹȥĽܵܡǸɳжһЩʧЩʧȫһֳܷΧ֮ڵЩ΢СʧܻȡаգһѪϴȫֵõġ
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׵ͷ̩̹򣬲ֵ⣬Ȿ֮е顣
ΨһҪӵģǨ˿ڣųԱˣɽףؽɽҪ顣һãͻŪǰ֮ء
ʥģг֮ţѾ׼׵΢׼Աɳһɳ£λʼʹְ𡣡
һȵ˵
ЩҪǲѾãɳһģȥʹְڣһɳǵĹǡ
Ѫ̩̹򣬸ҪţɳǣеĴֱͨɳǣͨͨʺŵȵֶνдǨơ
һʮ˿ڡ
ȫܹ̩̹ܵƿأԴԴϵĻ۶뵽ڡѾʼϱǡ˿ڲϳʵɳǣ˼ۿɼٶ˳У˿ھˡ
Щ˿ڣʮ׵˿ˣ֣൱Ӵġ

̤
ʥ޽ȫƿأָѾ鲼Ҵɳǣǰ߻㱨УڴޣڸɢȺɢҰӾųųʾǷҪȺ
ҰᣬֻҪҴɳǣͲؿ¾
оϵ
ЩȻǿֻҪһɢҰУǽǴͽˣǰǵĺö֡޿Ǻö
Щ޿ϵȵҪܲ׽Уȫ齨һ֧
ڼЦ˵
ֻҪûͳһڴǰǾһ̲ˡ
ʥУ۹ǿֿսУʩչͨǧƬ򣬻Ϊֻʮ֮һ򡣡
ǰٴδϢһ
Ȼ˳򣬶۳ͳ£ռơ


2037 
ⲻҪ۵ѣһΣսϣѾ뾫ʿʧأڲҲѾҴ״֣´ɳǣͬһӣն۳˸Ѫ֮ƽֻҪȲǰ۳ôҲͽ޹ѡڼҡҡͷ˵
ĵֵûмֵġı䲻յĽ֡򣬵ΪֹѾսˣսˣǾҪгܴ۵׼翹ˣ΢ٻһЩѡ
ֻǣ۳ԳǧΪΪսǹռڽؽĻ⣬ɾ޴Ӱ죬ڻָƶ񤡣
΢΢ü˵
̫ˣĴɼ鷳ʲô¡
۳ʩչģǼҰսΪһƬҲԲһһĲƸ˿ա
۳ΪӲҵк󱨡ҡҡͷ䲻Ϊ˾ǲ뽫һ򽻸ף漴ϣ֪ͨǰߣȫĻΪһƬҲҪҴƿ֮ڣռݣ
ƽ˵
η۳ʯ٣ֹǰǲȡģԷ档ֻ֮ƣֱӻһУܱ߽֪κ翹޲ģֹ׹ռĲǵõģֻһƵĽҲϧڵĲƣֻΪ˽ķ
Ϊ˴׽һкη
ʯѪǽչ裬ƽ۳ķ𶦾ж֮ܣγɽ磬Գ׻ٶȣʮֻھʯУҴ֮ǰɳܵƽ۳վ
鱨ݶ
ʣƽ۳һ׼׷ѾֵĽһҪôΪʳҪôֱӷ˳֮أνԾ
Ȼ򶼲׷
յֵҲҪ㹻鷳
Բô׺ù
Щ򣬶ǷҪҴסϧھԵʵǰжٵƣվֻһб˵ǰߣţȫ֮ǰͶЩҲȫǲȥʥҪϣϣϣ·ͬʱҪƣڱ
õķء
ȻҪսǾף׵սǱжжǿ
սҪд˳ؽľģֻгռݣƿ֮ڣܳ׸ƽ
һΣ֮ǰʮФšķ޾ţľţоţ֮ǰͶຣţǰսЩųȻͶϣңһĲܣֻսĿ飬ӵִһʸսϣǾˡ


Ͻ
½ϣһ֧֧ݺᣬǳط𹥻ͬʱʱֱԴ֮ǰսϽɻΪݣƿǳطֱӵִǽ֮ϡ
һĴγУ񱩵ĺǽһݻ١
Уһֻֻ޴ĽաӴĻѻͬѲ졣
УһսΣֱӴذŸĳǳط𹥻һڱܼĹϯֱ׺ޱȡغǳֱӱݻ١ĽԷӵ쾡¡׺ޱȡ
۳У۶ڡ
ǳأֳһֳɫõһⱦġ죬һ۶һеĿأѵĴֱۣ֪޷ģղҲǾ˵ģڵ۶УлˣǲҲĸܵεĻ֮ԴԴϵĽѪСѪ
ڻĺôֱһǧͻĹذ룬ǿ˲仯𺣣һУݻһС
۴˿ڵ۹ڵĴС
һƬĬκα顣
ڣһˣԵÿյġֻԼ֪ʲô
۾Ѿ֪ͨȥˡ
һ쳤۵ĳ෢ߣ߽УۣĿһ󰵵漴˵۹ة࣬š
ܺãҪõûôףȻԣһ徫ʿ۳ҵ˳֮·һΣҪͥҲҪôףֻܵõһƬ
һ˵ĿУܿһ˿Ȼᶨ
׿ս۳ȻܣѲ˰³һ㣬ĺȻ᲻סڰǰֻѡһ翹ףƴһսƴһһ䣬򵽹ɽ顣ǳ룬򣬷˳֮ػͥӴԺͥǱޣҲ޷˳֮
һӢµսһߣǹһȥ
ξѾ˾ϡ
۾ǲ˼Уٿǿǡ
һٴο˵
ԣѾ֪ͨˣǰ۶۶лῪǰͥЩǻδֵ̫ãǵġ
һƽ˵ȥɣҪһ˾һ
ǣ۾
촽˶Ҫ˵ʲôֻ֮³ۡٶ˵תȥ
ڣȻܿ޴ĴڿһʿգԴԴϵ̤ȥУܿһööƷʾ˵ľʯԾ˵ٶȻΪĩѸٱľ
̤ȥˣ˭û˵ֻһǣ·ҪǰһУȫĵס
ĬУһԵѹ֡
Ƕ֪һҪǰȥǻͥҲ֪ζʲôζţǱԭȸС壬ȵģòǰͥĵ裬ò֪ٻˣŭȴʼ޷йѹ֣ѹ
ڳ룬ڣʿ̤ʧ
һȥٹ
УȻܿ޴ƣꡣ
µǻ꣬ڵϣȼľ
ݣڻлΪȼգУ㡣
أ٣۳ֵ򣬻ࡣ
棬ѾΪһƬƬ𺣡
棬ѾȾء
·۳Ĺԡ
ܿѪϣѾֳһѤĽ磬꣬ڵ⣬Ѫֵʮ֮һ򣬷ܹѡ渲ǡ
ɥĲɥĲ۳Ƿˡ
ѩһĿǰ𺣡
£ûа취ֻѪǣϵǰƽֵͽĻҪȻ̤ȥҲᱻɡ
ķ
쿴ʲô
ʱǽϣָԶ


2038 Ȼ Ҳǵ
У죬һ𣬳УȻܿһ޴ɳǸգɳϷɫ棬ǳضһĻ棬ͬɳǻΪһƬһ㣬˿𶯣ơɳУȻԿһ޴ĻϣһϵӰϣȻɢһεѹۣͷգȻܿһž޴Ĺ̾ᣬ֮ϣ飬Ȼһȫڻеľ޴o
ͬΣ£̤һһޱߣ֮Ŀơǻ棬ʼ棬ഫǴ֮ɢΣΣɢΪ𺣡ӵлصΰСҡ
ĵ۳ȻԻʼΪ顣
˿̿Ʋϯ¡
ۡ
һ۳ǣ˵ǣв˼ǵ̨ǿߣҲ׺ǣ
ţѩضһۣڱ˴Уһ˿֮ɫ
Ȼ۳עҪȴҶаСӣһĶǿߡңһ˳֮ΣҪһӦеӡ
۳֮ۡ
գ۳ҵ۳գԳ룬Ϊ۳֮Ը
ʥһս
գȻȻǡۡ
ƽĿڵķһһ䣬³һУɢһŨŨĵ־뿪ͥûУΪ۳֮µԳ룬ܣˣһҲ߳ҹҹҪĵĿʣʣ»ţҲǹӲд
Ըܵġ
Ҳһ֮һΪԸսƬԼΪ֮ܶĽУҲһҲҪѡվ
ҲҪһ
֮ǰս룬Ϊû꣬ڣѾȻһкξ֮С
ȻҲϣеС
УѪϣսƳն̤սϣۣ΢Ĭһ£˵ҵжԣ޷ֶԴֻгɰܣҪսʥԵһ̡
ãʥʥһΣ۰ܵĲԩȻʥԸ㱾һԸµǣף۳ıأĲƸ
ۿг֣¶һĨЦݣЦ˵
ǣ۳ĲƸأһ㣬ţκһﵽ۳ĵ۳ǣǶǿϼ鱦޷ٵ۳ǣ졣ֵ
вҲûдڵıҪۻʱ̣ΪԼᣬɢؼ䣬ˣǾǸףеҲǸԼϵ
ۣۣȻܡ
ǵҪҲҪͬΪС
һλ뽾
еǱ˼ܹͬóһǣԵͷĵ۳ǣ첻ףֵˣǳ׻ɣһĪʧ̫ϧˣĵõǾһʾ˵ıأջȻܴ
Ϊ˳֮ʥԵǰСûǣˣ㣬ͬԼ
ƽ˵
Ȼ۵ѡԵһݣԶԵء
ܺãһսǱһУһսᷢӳȫʵһڣս
췢һѵĿЦûκγɡ
䣡
ȻܿͷֳһŻɫƣУл֣ǾơϣһɢϢļ̳Ȼ
Ǽ̳㣬ÿһ㣬ݳһֲһĻϢʱȻǻԵңͬ۳Ļ֮ϣҲв죬ڼ̳УȴںϣճصĴֵһֻд۵Ϣ޾̳ˣֳһŻ棬һɫ棬У·ܿһɫ̾ᡣһ޳ĸΪɫ𡣻̺С
֮ڣﲻ٣νǰԵס
һƴӼ̳ϴݳܱߵĿռŤҵľֱͨ£ܵĵѪǲϵѹɱֱӵĲΡ
ϵɱ䡣
ۡ
һ
䣡䣡䣡
ֱվһǰ̤ǻ𺣣£ǲ·ÿ̤һϵƣͺȻȻǣӲһڡ
һȼ档
ڶΪһڻ쵶һҺһ
ƣ쵶֮ϣ·ܿһ̾ᡣ
Ĳ̳쵶ųɫ⡣
岽޴Ļ浶ۿɼٶȱǡУ۳ˣ£ȫ糱ˮڻ浶֮УΪһ֡
һɣ
ɣ
˰ɣ

գۼ䣬Ѿﵽɣ޴Ļ浶ǽأһַ·ʱܹأʱܹٵصĿ¸оڵУ̺ŵ⣬̺ſµĻ⣬һĻϣһֱơ
ϴͨ
һе̵һܿڵͬʵʣһһУһء
һܻȥ
ѩһĿص˵
£ȻΪûһǼ򵥵ġҪƵ£ԱʯٵĿţ޵һ
۳е̣˹¶еһ̨ǰ棬ҲҪһ𣬾ֻ֤Ҳһ࿹һ
У𺣣ػˡ
½޹⡣
ã
Ŀã׵ͷֱ³һۡ
һܸ
£Ȼ䣬ܿһںڰɫļǰƿգȻ䣬ΪһһףصϣȻĴڸ֡
ţϷߡÿһνʱܿһɫߣգռȻıиУȻʧɫ
ۡ
˫ԺȻ޴ײһ

꣡
дײһ룬ͿУ峺·ʲôһӼϡ
޴ĺڰ˫ԣɢ
ֻ£һھ޴Ļ쵶Ȼֹա
Ĭؼӡ
ͨķڷ
쵶УһĻ
漴ٴγշһź𣡣
У޴쵶ʼ飬ջΪ𺣡УһƵ̳̳ϣһŻȼա


2039 Ѳ 
ˣۺʵģ䡣
ģֻı̳ڼ̳У飬ǽ˺Ǽۺļ֮۾пܴٴιӼ̳ϵõڼ̳ϵŻ棬۳ı桪𡣻У۳顣
ܿ飬Ƿϣⶼʮְ

УܿצƿնһУſھͽ۳һȥһ̣ǵһ˿֮ûУƷϵĲ࣬ϵĲࡣ
һȥ֮ǡ
գۼ䣬ʹﵽһɵľ塣
צΣﵽһɣǾԲһ׵飬Щټһ۵ˣڣҲôףѾٶȾˣ˳У֪ܵ˵Ľʡ
Ȼһܱ򣬴׵飬ؽõһα
鱻צɺ۳ױһ˿յĿܡ
ϧȻһ˳֮ݣѪҲȷʵ㹻ǿֻϧǣʥǿ޹ضԴֻгɰܡ˳
һ̣ѾǸء
۲νǿֻϧǿеѾﵽ˳ɰĸ߶ȣʲôѾﵽ֤ķΧΣͨԣϵȷʵ֤ΣӲҪ˵⻹ϣͨۼ̳ļӳ¡ԽӵĲ˼顣
ɱͨ
ȫ£һ̣ɱһֱӼϣԪѾ飬֣νǿޱȡ֮ͬУ֮ȵģνָ
ȻһʵѾǽ۷һ
۶ԣ£ǲûݡ
ȥΪ¹ڣ䴫ǣʱ档
ƽ˵
ţܿսѾʼƶ̫žսŷƿնȥУ컨׹зݴ档
Ѿ棬λ˳֮Եǰһ̣ܺ˱ˡ
û׼֣һ˿ȤȻˣȻܾô׻ȥ磬Щͳͳ棬ôһͳĲһ׶Ρ
ǰ˿ûμ˼
;У̧۾ܿ嫵Ľ̫žմɢ鰵Ծ·һѲ죬ΰ˷
ǿƣǴ˵еʥ
Ѳ죬ʥУǰķʥҪʲôԶԷô
ѾûԼȴȥҪһٶǬ
ڰеĸʿĿúа𾪵ͬʱҲʶĽԼصøһЩԲʱͷʱðͷǻġ
ս̤У̶һӺսٴƿնǰʯ򡣿޽޽̩̹
һ֮䣬Ѳΰ˴
󷵻Ƴǡ
һϢؼ
ʥǰ򣬽У۲սӣͥУ󲿷Ѿ룬ֻʣһСֲڸء
ʯУƽ۳֮ػƽǣ峷ߴ룬ʥһսнݺʮͨʥ¹ڣᡣ
޽ʨĴʥԡѪɱʨ飬ʨĴ䡣

Ϣݵٶȣǽһɿ졣
һۣսѡӶݣԸսȻȥ˵бӲսӵģҲоãʶʱΪܡܱ֮ȥҪõĶ࣬ȥǾһ˰ˣﵽΪ˭Ը׷
սĴۣ壬ҲǷ׷ء
Ȼһĵ
˳֮£ʱԭȵĵֿ˲ܡ
ǳرݻ٣ɳ㣬ϵðѪǣԾ˵ٶӣٽ˴ȫƿ֮ڡ
ԴԴϵǨƵһȫµɳС
ЩɳǺܿʹӽ򷱻̶ڵһʱѸٿţͽ˳ûܱ߻ҰԴԴϵˣ֮צڡٴα֪У͵һǧɵӴ
˴
ʱһΣǰ¹ȥ
˴Уÿ춼ڷ췭ظı仯

һΪǵĴɳڣһ¥Ѿҵ¥ʮֲС¥¥ش󡣶¥λãȻܿɫ۵ӶţŴֵϴϢȺǵϣٲȻܿһַĵϲϣ
ףʥͥǿ£ŵٶȣʵ̫ˡ̶ʱڣϯ˴ɳѹǧҰÿɳǣӵ˿ڡǣһ½ǳأʱ䣬Ͳ죬Ǩ˿ڡԱȫλûκӣִƿֲ
һһü䣬ܿһǿҵ𺳣ж졣
գһʼֻͨˣ̶̰£ȫʼ̤֮·ҪԴӴ󣬴׾ȻԺѹ֧׵̣󣬶ңo
һ꿪˵˵䣬̧ۿա
ϿգܿеһƲϻۣƲУ·oƲꡣ
ڴУմ룬ֻľҲڴУճɻҽǳǧһƬĻ棬ֻǣЩ죬Уÿ춼д磬أĲľأˮ£Ѿʼѿָɫ»
ԤõҪ˶ã򣬾ͻٴλΪһƬȻķپ
Ҫ֪ǻɲͨĻ棬ǷľҲϢ£ǧ궼вľǴݲȴµĲϽ£ýΪֶο컯
ڴʲô
ܻǰ꣬ѯʵ
ܳãֱƶΪ
򣡡
˵

µҲ˵
Ѫԣ
˵
ţ
»Ƴ˵
ڴţǰģ̫ͬˣİգӵһֹѪԣӵзԹţУһֻҪŬϣнĽݡһ£̫¡
¼ңͶס򣬳֮֡
ܻ˵
Ŀù׵ǿͲΪȣһ׵Ľӵ⣬򣬱Ȼ⡣


2040 ʮ
ǿǿ󣬿ǣӣеôǿȻҲ˳٣˳ҪıϢҪչĻҪܵŵԼ̫࣬ԶԶ˳ܹѸţ׳ʵ˵ǿǴﵽ£ȷʵһѹһǿǣԵֻͨˣʥͥĶ˳𵽵ãָ
޷Ĵ֡
Ҫȵ׽ڵĻԺɣһͻ򣬾ͻѸٱڣ׵ĴѾ֮УŶƿڴУֻҪԸ⣬׾ͨţУ𹥷δزܡֻȡڴǷԸĻ϶ѡ
ڴδʱ̣ͶǼ֮УԲ뵽װķչУлӱ磬ͨ󣬳Ϊͨ󹩷δһõĵ·
ȫƾ
໥һۣϵĿ˵
Ȼ飬жһ˾ܾϣ¼ңǶʢ˶ڶ֮ܵ¡˵һҲΪ
ţΪһʵ˿ڣǨƽ֮ڣͨ󹩷һˣУ£һп£ףǾĪĹ͡
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׾Բͣ¹Ĳ
˿׵ս˫ģǴǿսǱ
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Ҫܹ
ҪдĹԱһҪ㹻ǿҪӴ˿ڴݴ״ݳϢУÿһٶҪǨʮ׵Ӵ˿ڻǶô˼֡
˴򣬼Ǿһٶʮ˿ڡ˳֪ҪķѶʱ䣬㣬һ򣬶пҪϢ꣬ʮʱ䣬ϾŲǿЦžŵġ
Ҫǣʥͥ˿ڴġ
һ׻˵Ĺȥһóһٶ˿ڣֱˡ
׵˿Ǵģһ㣬ڴ䣬йָĴԣжٵĿŶȣһ⡣ʣЩ˿ʵġǻģѪ⡣
˵ǴǨƹģ˵Ǵдġ
˵ʲôĶУֻЩֻҪһ㣬Уȷʵô˿ڴС
˿ڣľŵĵ
ԤУǰİ򣬾ԲǴ׵ļޡ
ŵĲֻ²ͣ¡
һͷԺи֡

ʱȻţû˳֮ͳ죬޷ֵɳǱ鲼ͬʱѪѾ˴ȫڣԭȵĸ壬׷ױڻҰУһ㣬ײϾɱֻҪԹǰҰҰشڣҪַɳǾͿԡ
֮Уÿնһȫµľ
ۿͻ֣ᷢ׾ڣУԴԴϵĵˣڲڣʢҹɳǵƻͨͬҹһ㡣
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һգʮһʮ塣
ʥУ֮
һδ󳯻ᡣ
Ⱥ΢Цϲ̤ݣ̤
μʥ
гֺȺͬĿڰݼ
λƽ
׵ͷ
һ֮ǰһ˵ʥ˴Ҵƿ֮ڣԭ۵ĳ֮ţѾȫųȥҴ˲Ŵ飬Ҫ˲ȱڣΪŽд΢飬쿪ƾ٣ȡʿ˲šӦԽżƻ
ˡ
һŰ˴򣬷ȥ˲ţ֮ǰӴĴһӾͱÿյġ֮ǰ˲ٶ࣬Ҳܲסҵŷȡ
һ仰ף˲Ų㰡
ȡʿ޲ɣѾǾ£ƾٵĻʮһѮ꿪ʮ壬ٿһοƾ٣Ӵ˶³̣ÿ꿪һοƾ٣ÿοƾʱ䶨Ϊʮ塣ȡʿǴ׳ùߣһ㣬ģ˲š
׵ͷ΢ϡ
ŵĽŲ϶ͣ£ڣǿǴǧ׵Ӵ˿ڣЩ˿ڣֻǨƳ뵽֮УܹļֵӴˡڴ£˭Ǻ޲ܵõǧĶ˲ţĻŲؽǰ赲
ʥҴ׽Ρ
Ƴ忪ѯʵ
λΪΡ
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΢Ϊ˲ŴϵѷҴֽ֧żţҪţҲȴƾ֮ѡһ֮ţܼңҴ׽Ѿﵽʮ˴˿һٶףȻӦԱѾ죬Ҫﵽɳһ㣬ҪһʱĻ۳ʱ䣬ϢΪл۵̣ȴʱŻ
ǰһϵ˵
ڣʺˡ
˲Ÿϣǻִġ
飡
ͬ
΢飡

УȺ׷ױʾͬĴþ棬Ȼû˻ԸơäĿţǲȡģֻʹڵĴþ档ȺȻԴеţһ̰˴򣬸˫ЩȣӻǱȽѵġûķȡ
һõġ
δСʣҪõġ
ţȻˣҴ׵Ϣһʱգʱ䣬ݶΪꡣ֮ڣٶⷢñģ硣뾡죬¼İ˴򡣡
׵ͷ˵
ʱ䲢Ϣ˵ֻǺܶݵʱ䣬ֻģбҪһ궼ࡣȻϢֻһ֣ϾֻҪڴѾϵ£ײңǶⷢսڣڷչϢԲʲôӡֲǱĵ˴֮ڡŻӰ졣
Լŵģֻʣ˲Ŵ
ڼ
һⲻڴУٱչ졣Եÿֻ漰¹شĴ£Żڳ飬ȺоѾˣҪķ񣬶ᡣ
֪УȺĺĻ
صĹУͻȻ첽˹УһĨɫһ͵ͷ˵ʥڹһŮǰҪ˵ʥѡ
˭
ѯʵһ˵һ߶豭е衣
˵ء
ش

еԣеĲ豭Ҳɵ΢΢һһвˮ˼Σӿֳһ־κ˰ı仯


ڶʮ 


2041 ͷ
أôˡеŰ˵ʵڣĸе㲻ôеϾһ𶥼񰡣ǰأпֻתǣ⻯뱾壬ûжҪԴǾ
Ҫƽʱˣǣ֮ǰرŮ˸Ūٳ棬һӾͱζˡ
鷳ˡ
аͷʹع׼ʲôĴԼɣѵҪڹзֳһһᷢʹսɡ
ЩͷԺһ
˵ʵڣǺͷʹ飬ûи
֪ͨʳ׼һϵȾϯȥȡöҡ
ջǿڷԸ
ٶȺܿ죬֮ǰЩͷֻԺпȻԷѾˣǾûо֮ĵοˣԷŮˣҪʲôԿҲԲԼʲôµġ
ֱƽĶԴɡ
ǣʥ
Ӧתȥ
ĹΪϢ޹ֻǴѣνӦоУʩУԷĵطȻҲУԶܣһ͵ˮĻҺ죬ӣֻҪԸ⣬򿪺󣬾ͿԹۿѶϢԻҰеֱȵȡ
ǰֱǰĵӣǵӰĻҪ
ҺѾʼڴռͬʱָĽĿҲʼݡУָ˲ţǲȱ٣ִںϹգԲܹᶾ֮ѾʵڴйϺõȻ㾡ȫķŻ
ִˣĲУڷɢ˼άϣǾԲκѷɫȻִܶĶ޷ʹڣתһ˼·ȫǿеģĵطУȴһСȶϵҪݣûдʲôģҲûйϵ磬зġ԰쵽ָ˼顣
㣬ӰģӰģӳģĵȵȣһҪ㶫Ǽֱټ򵥲Ļֱֳܹĸֻ澰
УѾйԱҪרŵĻӰ֣Ļ
Ȼڻ֮Уû´ʼǰġʱƣִУʲô⡣
ʱͿһӺݹȶˣգΪ֮Ӱ߽ĹС
صѣ
п漴վæ˽
ĲǱģʥĸȻɽеı𡣵ֻ֮ҲûֻҪԸ⣬ʲô֪ԣԱû𣬶ңòϣҲ˿
һܣ漴ελ˹ȥ
ȥɣУ֪ͨʳ֮ǰҪ⿵ʳ͹ˣֱȥǹǱߣﱾʥаš
漴Ϳ˵
ʳȻǿӵдĶʦʱ´ҪϾЩ鷳ҲˣʳѣвûҪ֪ʳڣʲôʳ򵥷㣬֮ǰΪˣһʱ£û뵽һ硣
뵽ı䡣
ȻѾõʳҲ˷ѣЩˣ͸ǡ
ǣʥ
ͷֱ̧ӹ˳ȥأǱܵһ־ηҪ֪ʱо͸оһεѹһˣֻϸܵûиѹȻûУѾϤЩϰ߶ѡ
ĵ׺λԲʲôʡĵ
ˣӹ˵Ҫˡ
ĵֹһһ۾ܿеĹϵЩһ㡣Щɲܹܵ˵ģֻԺһͷͷһߣ⣬ֹ˿飬ܲͣǾ;ԲܲͽȥС¡
Ĺڡ
Ѿóʳϣâһ£һޱȷʢʳѾ֣ų貵ʳ֮⣬ɢһصζѾν൱ʢ
ҪôҲ֪ͨһҲ׼׼˲ִ٣ҪʲôдܵģҪ£ﲻɾһЩ쳾֮
Ц˵
ȻˣǾûʲô˵ģ󷽷ĽӴͺá
ͷȻֱûʲôǽ˵ġ
ʥŵ豾ʥ֮ͥλôȻӦԼģѵʥ׼ôĸУдһ˿ζ˵Уóһ˿޷ĥ
˵ЦˣǲŮ￪һЦ̫⡣Ҫ׵һ֮δЩ𽵹ˡһ⣬漴Ц˵ҲڰԲ²⣬µĿĵΪʲô
ⱾûпЦҪһ֪֮ǷԸӦ
ĸٴο˵
УƺûпЦ˼׼һ֮뷨
ǵԸ𽵹ҴȻӭĳͬӭ֮ϯԴʳԡ
һϵ˵
飬ڳԿȻüΰʾѡҪΪ֮Ȼûоܾĵ⣬վнķ
ǲ֪ǽʥأǽз
ĸЦЦĿѯʵ
ȣ
вûˮҭæ˵ƣǵơ֮ǰֻ֣һֶѡģ˵ʱ仹
ĸ˼Ī⣬ǲǣס˵
ʥ֪ǰĿġ
ĸе̬ҲԵñȽ⣬漴ſ˵Ȼ֮ǰ˳ģڲҪ˵¡
ʾһ㣬ĳȷʵ֪֮ǰҴܱ߽սҲǸոսİ˴ƿ֮ڣûо֮¡
ɫһ˵
ʥﰲȫ
ĸѯʵȻ塣
һϵ˵ģ׾ڣ֣ɳǣǾ֮޷ݣһ̽ԳԣҲ֪
Уһǿҵš
š
ĸ׵ͷ漴˵֪Ѿͷ
Ӻ
üͷһ壬ѯʵ
ĸ̧ۿͷ˵죡
𡣡
˲򣬻Ѿһ˿䡣
Ǿ𡣡
ĸ׵ͷ϶˵
Һ;ȻгԹ˵ӦôﲻಫĵزҴףϾҲǳصģ֮˭ҪҴףҲҪúõǲ˲ǵɡĪʲô顣
΢˵


2042 ħ
ħĸɫص˵
ҹаħ
΢΢üѾĸеħֵʲôȻһħͷֻҹĿܡ
ѵ㣬УȻҹаħʴҹаħȡ֮ȡλһʼ֮С֮ҹаħҹжǿߡ
ĸ˵
ֱܷ˭УӦòȫҹаħ
ٴѯʵ
ҪĶҹаħ춼Ҫˣײİ嶼ѹסˡ
ֻ֪ҹаħǱڣ˭ûȷϣʱ䣬ѾеĬĬעžľٶѰ˿㣬ܶʩչһʩչͻĻȻݾߡǺ¡ĸҡҡͷ˵
Կ϶аħȴȷ˭
˭ɣֻԷصļҪҳôס
֮ǰ˵׽дͷô£ĪҴºôǰüº֣ɶ飬Ҵ׳׸ˡ
кѯʵ
֮³ԹⲢʲôŵ顣º֣Ѿǹˣһʱ䣬ôһ£Щʹһǣ׼γ֡
ֻѾ׵֮
Ժпһͷ
ⲻûпܵģԷʲôŻһֱŴףҪȻҪԼӰʲôģȫԷĳ˳һͷܷ죬ҪסƫƫǶŴײţҪû⣬Ǵš
Ӧֻǲ²⣬ȷ
ҪȻкֶܶΣͲ֮ǰôˡ
һҪٴ׼Դ׳֣£ͷݱʲô˭֪
ϢıԴףмһ֣Ȼȫпܣ³
ĸһ˵
Գ֣ѵҪô΢΢üҪԳ֣ǿɾ鷳ˣǿʥ˼ĴڣҪ³ʥ֧ͥ飬Բô׾ͿԶԸġ
̫ˡ
طѾ⿪ҪΪ֮ǰսһδٵԶȹؼ䣬طϣԶƽʱҪԾڴͨ߶ԣõıչǱʱ°빦һǧĻֻ£Ѿдܳؼʱʱ䲢ѾҪˡ½дܿʼؼ䡣ֻҲᶯһȻζ˭Ǻ
ĸ˵
Դףǿ϶飬ʲôֶΣǾͲ
Ҫ³׼
ˮڣȻ󣬲ҴʥͥͬǳصġǻܲҴףҪ֣һֻҾͿһֻ³ĳ͡
б³һ
УһЦûУҪԳ֣뾡취ҲҪ˵Ϊߣɱûʲô߸ϵġ
졣
ĸһĨɫеĻУܵеľġ
޵ֺ֮η
ƽ˵漴ĸζ˵ǰӦֻΪ˸֪顣ʲô˵ܰϵģȻ岻ݴǡ
ѿ֪֤Ԫм·
ĸûֱӻش𣬶ǿڷһ䡣
ĳ֪֤Ԫ޷򣬴ﵽʮԲȻܳɾͻԪ֮ʿ۳ԼĴǿﵽʮԲ֤ͬﵽתԲգգ֤ഫһԪ洫նʬ֤Թ֤ԪҾͲǺ
΢󿪿˵
֪ܲҪԪô׵飬ԪԲϾܹʿ֤֤ǽӡǣӡ֮У֮䣬ԪԼΪһ֮ƿһǵڴжȡȨҪ׷Ȩô
ĸһ˵֤ԪѶȣ˵ʮûеõϿɣҪԪȻ᱾ֹܣѶ˲ɵʮһ٣ǸߡԪһ׵顣
Ҫ֤Ԫֱӵİ취ǵõϿɡҪȻǧѡ
˵Ͽʲô
Ժһ⣬Ѿһ˿²⣬ҪһȷеϢп϶

ĸһһ³һ
еԣҲǰһ
ɲǲ֪ǣԼоУֹһ
һԪоףҪԣԪĴͨߣҳԪΪûкòͻƵԿףǾһ

ֻҪκιϢ˵˲ͻܵĹעƴᶼǼпܵġΪ˺Ĵܼǿߣǲˡ
塣
Ҳ˵һש
Ҳڲ²⣬Ա֤ʽѾһ뷨֤ҪգʲôƵصҲѹǼǿкһУ򣬷ңһ״̬ȻٽԼĵǿС
ָҲ޷֤ǿ̫ĸҡûǿԼֶΡԣҲΪܵһ֤ʽ֤ѶȣȻġ
ͺǷ֮УһʿȻô򵥵ľ֡
ӵкǾ͵ڣΪͬǩһصԼһ㣬֤ԪΪʥˣƣҪάƻҪܵļԼǴеȨһΥĳԼƣͿԽ˽ƲáȻһ£Ʋÿ϶ֵġ
ʥ˴ģҲ档
Լںܶͨ߶ԣͲʲô֤ԪǰȫС£δؾͲлԼ֤Ԫ΢ĩСڣֵһᡣ
ݱ׼ȷ鱨ÿһڣ̺һĸ˵
Ŀڵĺ
Ѿµˣһ㣬⡣
ǣ飬̸ףҪõǿҪһ𼶱ĶǿߣʲôҪѰʥ֮£Ϊϣ仰ǾԣȴԲǿЦġ
һԪԿڶǿ㣬һԪԲ֮ǰ·ҪһһΣ⣬ܶѾжǡ
ĸҲû


2043 
׼찡Ժһͷ˵ĵˣѡͬĿ£Ȼ£һͬǿߣʱ򣬲ʲô
죿
һǿһδûиͷ
ͺñĸĴͨߣΪǲǻԪûԻԪôǾǲܵ飬еĵƣһһ࣬ͺñȶ̫һ˵ǻԪ˭СҪʥҲҪ˱ᡣ
ǰ׼Ҵ֡ⱳ󵽵жٵ׼֡
йâһĸƽ˵ѾƶϳһΣǰĿģԲô򵥵ġϴףĸҲʱҹҪûиεƣǾԲŵġ
ԴΪ̣ȻҪѯ˵
ֻҪ˭
ܶ࣡
ĸһۣ˵Ȼû˵֣ȴѾ϶еĲ²⡣ȷʵкܶͨĶˣҹаħζţֻҪҳһ𣬾׵ĵõһõη䣬һ¡
Դ֣㡭ܵסô
ĸһ£ѯʵ
Ҵߵ죬ҲǳصģԾĴУҪǿһ̡ǳֵʱǷȷеȻһЦ
ȻĶ֣νΪ
֮ڣضԴ׳֡
ĸ˵
ʱ䣬ںܶ˵һɶʿ˵գ֮ѡ˳˵ͬܶ˳һϢҪȥʮ꣬һΣҪʮϰܻ꣬ٴŵӴ˿ڡ꣬ȻҲ̡滹о޴Ŀɲٿؿռ䡣
ãβ֣Ҵһݡ
йϵ˵ڽΪ֣ûж顣ңײ룬ҲŹףĻᣬȻ״
ĸԴ˲⣬ֽһ󣬾ˣڽһδܾۻо̸ʱ򣬲ȷʱ̣ڲһ򵥵ѡ
ӭʥ
ʱ⴫һǲֱӴĹ֮ڡ
ˣ
Ժпһͷ
ĸǰʥ飬Ȼùֻû뵽ʱǰ
ʥ档
ѯʵ
ʥˡū͸ǰȥ
æش
ˣѼˣĹʱɽ
еĻд
¶һĨ΢Ц漴ƽ˽ȥ
ĸ߽ӰҲһĨԵĻң漴ͻָƽϾͬǼٵģңǿпסȻվ
ؽ㣬֮ǰдϢ˵ˣΪֻҥû뵽ġһĸ¶ĵЦݣЦ˵Ҫ֪ҪСǰȥӭˡǾǰ㣬ЩöʮĽ
Уһ˿׽
Ѽá
ĸΪǰԣ󶯸ɸ꣬²ֳ̨ų⣬û뵽Ȼֳ飬׽һ㶼ʲôӣȫԤ֮⣬ҲǿҵĲ죬ʶҪ˵
Ȼ򣬲ԥļ˵ãؽܹǰʥУڽعѾ׼ˣ͵ȽŮסСסÿԺúõʶһ¡
Уعλöźˣһӭǰʥ̬
ĸҲһ˿Īĸоɫȴ˵ܾĻϾ棬ΪǣȫѾ׼׵ѾҪ飬ȫŵ׵ܾĻ˵ȫն࣬һض
ȻҪܾҲԣǣ˵ĳ
У飬ǲŻаţҲЩ֪֮λãǻƽʥȨλãѵһ㶼Ȩɢôٺ󹬣ΪȨ飬չһѪȷĲп¡
Ȼó
һ㣬ĸҲ˲߿һۡ
򵥣Բһ򵥵Ůӡ
Ļǽ·ˡҪѡ뿪һȥ¼ô˵ת۾ͻԼӴʥбϳϢҪĸ滹ҪҪ
ǾԲܽܵġ
ǲľĻǲò˵򵥣ֶθ
ҲҪҲҪ
ȫû̫ѡء
˾ͶлѼá
ĸһ¶һ˿Цݣ˵
Ҳ¶һ˿׽
ɣھʹȥʲôȱٵģʱ򣬿ֱӷԸȥ׼Цż˵ȴؽǰȥ޹ãλҲǱ߰æãһһ
ãһѼš
׵ͷûж˵
飬Ҳò֣ܹദǢȻٺòҲʡȥһЩ˼ɡ
ĸ׵һΣòºѾûĶŲһ˳ȥһߣһ̸Цţ˴֮䣬Ե൱Ǣһ㶼ûʲôĤ
鷳ˣʥǧʲôӰ
пȥıӰ̲סֳһ˿ͷʹ
磡
ʱȻ̴˽Уһգգ۾
ɩӻ֪ĸ飬ӦѾͷ͸¶ȥİɡʱȻʲôĸûڲǰ֪ȻѾͷͨ籨ţ͸¶ġ
ʲôãҲɩԼľ
Ц˵ɩӿһΪ˸룬ĸݵλǱѰֻ֮Ҫ֮ܽݳʵˣȻǴĺôܸһˡռ˴ˡ
Ѽƽ
֪ܲĸ׵ĺôжأǿǶʵ֮һӵеʵǸֹϵԶڵĴʥͥԿôٷܶǧꡣ
˲ţǿߣĸϣڴ׶ĺøУǼסĸŮ֮׵ݣɲǿЦġӰɹ
ڹ㡣
ɩӿûôСǴĺܣһº󣬾ѾعʰõģɩӸͲʲôʥλãģֻиѡ
Ц˵
Щǿĺ
һ˻Ҫ׵Ķࡣ


2044 ׷Ҹ
ģ˭Ҷһͬʣƫ˭һжڲҲһ˿ϧȻܹõôĿʲôȫΪΪ˴룬ҪȻĸŮ˻ԸԼߣɶһݵλԼȼĶ֣ǶȨŵһս
Ǿͺãҿɸ㣬ɲܶԲѼɩӣҪȻҿɲ㡣ĸʥסˣܸܲöɾͿԼıˡ
˵ţգգ۾¶һĽ
ѾͷЩ鲻ġȥȥɣͷġ
Ц˵
У˿׽۰ȴڲסġ
Ҳûж˵뿪ˣλҲΪ˵˴ս飬ܻûԼܹæĵطڴս׼ţеļǿͨ
пһ۵Ĺ⣬û׼ȥҲǡ
кܶ飬ԼıȽϺãĲ֣ʲô֮١
ˣȻѡΪҴ֮ǾҵŮˡĸӲˡ£һôһüйϵ˵
ᶨ
ΣȻסʥˣǻʲô˵ģѾˣȻˣǾ;ԲˣҪȻȥЩʿǻΪԼû͡
еġ
ҹаħ⾿˭ءһǸࡣ
ԺвɵĻֱʱںϵĻ棬һĻӡΪ̡Ǵֱա
Уڱڴнɫ֣һֻۣ֮֮УֳһƬ£ѹ֣һֿ¸硣浽ǺɫĹŹڴǴ磬ƺǴֻɫı渡ֳġ
ʱĻ棬൱£˿־塣
ƬɫУʮ˸ͨħᴩءЩħϣصͼ̣ħͼĪ⣬־塣
ӡ̵ǣʱƬУһڵ񷣬һͨںڰеĿ´ڶϡƺ˯С
ʱʮڹС
Ȼһֱ֮вٵǱУ嶼Щ˭ȻܸоЩڹԲʲôö
Ǵģһµҹаħ
ʱӦþЩӳҹаħ׷ʱ룬ȡҵλϣѾҹаħֻǣ˭Ƥ׼䣬Ҳ̫˿һλλֻҪһ룬͸оЩͷʹ

ؽ
ܿĴСΧܿؽУѾתʮַһǳأεضڳǳظдկ򣬷ֲڸأǿѳũũни֡ھڣݣܿǺܶ࣬һֿԿƵķΧ
壬ȴп
ȫΪ
ؽУһεѹĴ֮ءؼ䣬һŨϢһɭϵķȡһֲһĸо
ԷȣǴɺĸطһеĸȵҲǿģûκ˸ȥصĸ
ԷιɭϣּϵµĹУҲֶΣһζǿӲܿĳؽչʮֲ
ײͬؽУ壬еľǷı죬ԲκҪ򣬴Ͱһ顣
˿̣ǡ

صĵ۹ǰڵľȻǲö˵Ͻǣ֪Ҫׯ϶ٱĸֽνǻŴصȫ
صĳΪĺһ
ĺһҪĹ磬ĳеµϢ޹ĵ
˿̣ڳеµۿһݷݵۣԱߣмϯλֱŴмλȨص˹Τȵȡÿһպա׿ǳ͡
κεطǶ֮š
£½ƿصİԽ򣬻Ҫ˿ڽв䣬˿൱ȱڣҪĻʱϣкܴ⣬йԱ飬齨̶ӣǰܱ߽򣬴ܱ߽УսҴأֲ˿ȱڣУйԱ飬Թū˿ڡҪȻԽ˿ڿ飬ҴطչΪ
˹˵
ǵģѾܱһΪԽڰԽУ֮ǰһֱΪɽֶ࣬ң۵壬ϰٸ۸ӣ棬գʮң˿࣬һΣس֣˲顣
ǣսǿ󣬿ȴûг˿ȥµĽһ㣬ô£ʮֵͷʹ뾡˸ָİ취磬ؾڵİնԽԽãǣҪˣҲҪʱģʮ͵ˣҲҪʮʱ䡣
ԶԶ˵һġ
ţȥܴܱ߽˿ڣӴūˣЩй˿ڡ޲ǵ˿ǴģôģֻҪˡ
ƽ˵
˿ڵȱ̫ˣڴضѾҪˡؿǽ£»ҰشģҪ˿ڣȴ׶ԣҪĸӴˡ
һʮ˿ڸȫ򣬴زУҪʮǸȫ渲ǡȫƿ֮ڡ
ڱ̨Ϣʥͥһȫµţ˴򣬴£Ѿͳʮ򣬶ңÿУɳһг˿סСѾ죬չʮѸ٣ָϷ١
Τ˵
ڱ̨ǴصĻܲţרŴɱ̽鱨飬ڴУҲԱ̸ɫ䣬֣Щ꣬زǲ̽׸ǵж㣬˵˺ڱ̨Լ֪ûܹ˽⡣
ϢУڱ̨ĴѾʼס
Ĳ˵ڴ׵Ϣڱ̨ѾռҴݻ
ȻһŰ˴׵˿ڣǴġʮһΣǰ档
Կ϶˿ڣԲǴױԭȾúϾôҲûеһǰ˴Ӵ˿ڡ׿϶ķŪ˿ڡңʮӴ൱ɹۡ
׺úý
ȥ÷չһˡ

Ǵأڷš
̣ܣĵȵȣڷš
д󺺣׷ڷ
˳ǷչѸ٣ռݱ̵ǿƣ˳漴ͷ׷׿ʼ


2045 Ѫ
ϲ£ϲ£ƾˡǴٴξпƾ٣ƿʱ䣬ʮһʮ壬͢ȡʿһĺûᣬӱؽϸ̨̫ˣϰգңһοƾ٣ҾԼмĿռ䣬ŻʱǰһΣ˵ʲôܴļοƾ㣬һΣôҲѡ֮ţʱʱһͿųȥִһǡ
ԪҲǲŸ߰˶һΣ˵ʲô״ǰٷϴ֮ʱҪ˲ŵʱ̣ԪԲ˺󡣡

ڴ׸ɳУܿдſУ¶ǿҵĶ־ɳڣӵдǨƹİգЩУ;д˲š
ԭȾڸλȨأִƹһȨڽףΪ󣬶ǵһʱ䣬˽׵ĸڣǲţҲ֪£Խ˽⣬Խ𾪣ԽӵҪͶ뵽Ĵ̨УʲôǴ̨ǾǴ׳á
ֻн׳ãİѿסһѶϢΪߡ
֮Ի˲ִٵĿƾ٣ԭ򣬾ЩǨƶ˿ڣ棬ӵд˲ţЩ˲ţֻҪһ볯õĽݾͿԣûж˻ԸƽӹȻӻԾμӣʱӱһյһ֮š
Щгˣ׺ȻѾ׵Լ֮ǰʲô״̬Уȫʱп䣬ʧӰ٣ֻмףڲʵڣѪ⡣һˣϣܹճУҵԼڵļֵǼ׳ɳĹȥ
Ϊ׹Լһ
ͬʱڴ׸ѧѧԺУѧѾʼ׼Ұ˲ȣѧԺеѧӣǴ˲ţϵͳڸ涼ԣӦ׵Ĺ߹飬ԵĽѧϰƾٺȡõĳɼ²ܳΪ֮ţҲܳΪĹһԱ
ʵʩһǿá
ԴԴϵĿ֮ţд󲿷ֶͨĲܣȴֲ󲿷λȱڡ
λǴУ󲿷˲ŴѾɢȥһţȻҪ˲ţʱ䣬ҪɣҶнģ⿼ˡ
ѧԺУʦ׷׿ʼж
磬Խģ⿼ˣģľǳأֻǣģ⣬ҪķѴǱңǱҪ˭׿ģ⿼ˣһʱ٣𵽸õĶɣһֽʵģʵȻģ⿼˵ȨޣǱȲʽƾʱĿˡ
ģ⿼ֻһʵʿʱеԴǾʮһ١ͬʵ磬Ÿָıǿÿһ˵Ӧģ⿼ȡúóɼȴδƾһٳҲ𵽼á
ƾʱʮһ¡
ʱ䣬ܳңƾͬʱС״ѡ˲š
֪УѾȥ¡
һ죬ڴһЩʱͻȻ䣬йâһȻԿμӴܾۻǿƲ֪ʱѾԼֳңʼɢһ⣬ķĶ·һڿת
зӦˣۻҪʼˡȻһγֵƵʺܿ죬ľۻʱҪ̣ӦΪٿģǲ֪ǰģЩʲôĴǿߣ׼ȥ
ĿãҲһȻȻףξۻĿģ϶ΪԾʱ¶һ˿ǿҵڴǰģԤ׼һܡ
죬ĶܼǿС
ǲĶȦӡ
֮ǰμӹξۻᣬԲ˶ˣӵƣҲѡ񲻲μӣǰж٣ֻ³ļλ˭Ǻ
һΣлʶ
ûгɣһ䣬һԪעС
ˢ
շ𣬻Ϊһ⣬γһţȻĳǰ
źкԥվ̤˽ȥ˴ѪķϣԲ׷ʲôʣݵ뿪ʲô
̤ȥ֮âһѾһİĵ
ǡ䡣
̤еһʱͳܿɨӹȥһҲüͷһĸоĸı䣬ȫǵ߸ԵģУȻһֶص֮ÿһС
䣬䡣
бȻ֪ߵ𣬻Ĳͬ׾ֱֻܷƴ򿪵ֱͨӹᴩ磬˸о˼顣
ֶܵΣͬ졣
˾ģǰƬ󺣡
Ѫ

ǰֵģȻһƬ嫵Ĵ󺣣Ѫ
һƬ޷߼ʵѪ
ȷʵ䣬ҲȷʵѪ֮ء
ʱ߹âһĸѾߣкƽ˵֤ʵеĲ²⡣
Ѫϴ˵Уഫ̹ŵĶޱȣѪ˹Ϻˡ治ȫ˴˴彫˴ڤѪ
ڤѪ˵ޱȿµԵĴ֮ءȻҲһƬ֮أȴģǾǶͨߡڤ档
һξоۻģĪǾڤ档
һ˵
ڤ棬ۻĿУڤСԸΪǿҡĸ׵ͷ˵
ڤǻһڤѪıԴһͲо޴Ĵˡ󹦵°кü鱦һͬԪǽʮƷԪˮ죬һһĶ鱦ɼڤ֮ǿ
ԪǸǶɱ
ؼ䣬дԣѪڤӲʥˣѪУκεڤ档ݵλǶǿߡԲĸ֮£ǣ߸ײСеɱ
߰ɣѾдˡ
ĸʾ˵
ܿѪȻһСʻ⴬׹ɵģһööͷǻһγɵİ׹ôеƣǵƣƤƣ·ܿЦڵϸ֡ĿãаԵ
Ѫϵİ׹ۡû˼ԦѪϴ޷ʱѪġ
߰ɣȥ׹ۻǰĿĵء
ĸ̤ȥ
Ҳһ̤ϰ׹ۡ
̤ȥ󣬰׹۾ͿʼתͷѪȥ
ܿѪϣȫǴ󺣣ǴһģѪеĵ죬ȻǷͬһ㣬ÿһϣܿס棬дСѪ֮˵ʮ޴ĵ죬·һһӴ


2046 
ǿÿµۻ֮ͨһʱ̣ͻᱻѪɣΪһѪǰԵ۵ۻ֮ɷ̤֮ڰ׹ϣҲڲϴܱߵѪѪеĶ
ҪûѪлɷûй֮أ磬ᱻɷϮؼ䣬໥ɱֻһ㣬Ѫضԣд󹦵¡ؼ䣬û˸Ѫ
ĸ׵ͷ˵
жѪʲô˽ĵطʲôᡣ
ڤռѪѪݣڤӲΪʥ˼ǿɱôǣǲңѪᶯѪһؼɷûа취йУ˶ʱ䣬ͻᷢ޴Ľѣɱ¾ϣϣݱ٣ǻһġ
ӲҪ˵Ѫͻޱҵ˭ܿס
ʥ˳У淴شƣʥҵλҪȥڤ棬ѪȻ˭£ʥҲɱͷ֮󣬿֪
ںϣѪΪѪ䷶Χ󣬱Դǿ
̣ڤ浽жǿû˿Ԥ⡣
ףѪл顣
ڹۿʱͻȻ䣬һǰһǷ·һɫӰȻܿ죬ȴӲ۾ѪУȷʵж
ѪȻɷ֮ٻյĵطҲ컯ѪУһֶص࣬Ϊ㣬ѪۻУһһȾѪۻ֮ʴԾѪеɷѪеĶ࣬˵㣬ԵĻļǣ޴֮ˣǴ󿪣߻ħ֮ˣָħɢаȥѪ׳ϵȵıҩġ
ĸ˵
ɲǼٵġһ
ֻѪвУңԲ׽ѪУҲһҲǽΪʥƫƫǲܳЩ㣬ǱѪɷ֮ȴܾɷȥڳ˪ǲζҲԲܡԣǲЩġ
ܾɷѪνǺô󣬲ɱҪܵı
ȻҪץǣҲ൱ѵġ
˭
˼ôõʳģܴһˡ
еȤˣҪǱģ̫⣬ԳԣζеȤ˲ʳܴ
йâһȻܿһڵĵѾУǱģͣҲûڵκζϣֻڵϹעһžķںܶ˵ⷨζʳһԥĳȥƴᣬѪУ
һѪǺڰеָ·ơ
Ѫʮ־ˡ
ȻһȥͿѪгһиоеĵͺĳһУ·жҪѪȥ
Ϲˡ
΢΢һЦһ漴ͿһɫȻһɫĹ㱻ˮ棬棬ͨ忴ͬźմȾһ˿ۻ࣬ͷϣȻһɫϣ·ܿодǾģʵĸо
ָоʮ
ϴһ㡣
ôȻͬһ㣬һֶ㡣žһǿҵʳǾ⿣ѵõζȡ
۾ˣ㣬еζѾʼǶʳֻҪ΢һ£ϵʳʳǰܡ
ԲǳԵʱ
һ䣬ȽͽУڣҲһѪĺͽȥ㣬ȫԴֻҪ㹻ȫԲԴԴϣʲôʱԣʲôʱС
㣬ûгԹ
ĸҲһ˿Ȥ
ڴʱ䣬ĸҲԵ׵ķʥǺεȵĶ˶ʣԺϣÿûظָʳԭȲǺܺÿڸ֮ҲɵģʳûжٵֿϾܣ˭ܾ
ʱҲʶĸֳν⿵Ļ档
ҲɣͲϻ裬գۼ䣬ͿһϵĴѪд𣬲ңһʱУЩֵġ
һǰʻȥһߴ£ûã㴹˲
ˣ㹻ںзܣҲȱһʳ
Ѫϴ㣬ʥȻǺֶΣͨĵѪ˲ͻڸʴһͣҲܴﵽ鱦ǲƴ֣̾Ϊֹ
ʱȻܿѪϣһҰ׹۳˷˶ڰ׹ϣȻܿһɫ۵¶һĨɫеĿ⣬·̺ŲͬѰζ
ʦ
ĸ³һ
ȻģҲ𣬶ֻطܿĳڵ֮һֶصķˮϢת·ؽڡʮǷҲԲǵ֮ɢ˿ѷɫκε̨ǿߡ
˵ĸʥΪ£ҪǰϲԤףλһЯ֤ѿຣˣƺѾǰѪˡЦǺǵĿˣһĨζ
̫һǶԵ֮£ڻڣûз¹һ棬ǾԲʲôɫ˵ԣ˵ҪкϷˡ
Ȥ顣
̫һҲˣãܽдĻҲ򶫻̫һ̡
ԥ˵
пûһ˿ľ£ǰĴܣƾֻطֻһԪΪͬһʱУ¹
ҪսǴ˾Ǵһ
һλŮɣ޾£Ľ
ʱһϵĻѪ
ȻܿһҰ׹ϣٲȻվһ࣬ӵǵӣһϢ·һָ߸ϵĸоĿãɵһҪĳ嶯
˿ģȻĸ
ߣͽӣ
ĸɫ֮һ붼룬һӳ䣬ʱѪˣ˲䳯ϯȥ·ҪҰ׹ֱƷ䣬ѪС׳ûȥ
Ѫ˿ʱǰðһƬΪһǽһ㣬Ѫϣ֧ŽѪ˻ȻƺЩǱȴûбƷ
Ҫ˼ġ
п³һ
У·𴫵ݳһɡϲƹȥϢȴһֲõĸо


2047 ڤ
ӵףκվܷ׻ѳ飬ҪңԲʵֵġǽһŵ˵Ȼ󣬾ͲٿŰ׹ۣǰ˷˶ȥٶȼ졣ڰ׹۷ǰеͬʱͻȻ䣬ѪУһֻѪɫĴͻȻð˳׹һͳѪȥǽӣһѪС
ѪѪеޣӵǿǱһѪУѪΪһ壬۾δֱܷǵӰƤǿӵڶഥ֣ѪУҲһѲİ壬һմȾϣǲֵġϲץԻȥ
ĿúһĨɫ˵
Ѫ˽Ȼ͡һ۾ͿǴֵ
ץԻȥҪʲô
΢΢һ㶣ʶѯһ䡣
Ȼǽ䡣
ЦЦ˵ûпĻһֻѪӦĸġѾλѡ
䣿
ĸɽͷŤȥһûж˵
รɡ
ζĿһӣܿܵѪУһӿǴѪڸ׼ǿйϷְֻ£һʱ䣬ɰѲˣЩϢһ㶼ѪܶõʵֻҪ٣ȴˮȫӡ
ҪѲˣǾҪץѹկˡ
ǿɾʮ˼ˡ
ûжãͿǰһ޴½سǰ
½ϣĻߣѪжصľͨѪɫѪľѤ貣Ѫ޵ɺ֮˿̣棬һ޴ĹǹȻĴݳһεɷаȻһĪļɵ˿̾ͳ½ԣͬһս㣬ƯѪϡ
ϣٲȻֳ̺ŨɱĴ֡Ѫ񹬣
Ѫ񹬣ڤϳ·ܴѪϿһֲƵĺۼ·ǰĳֿµսµĺۼ
⹬򵥡
пԼ䣬ѾѪиоһ˿ʮϤ˼Ҳû׹ѾѪǰͣ
ѪǰȻ̬ܿȣվŮǰӭӣǵЦݣһֶǵĸоеɲŮ
ڤ壬ΪޣݳªŮΪɲκεطһݡ
ӭλǰ
Ůͬ˵ǻһ˫̥ûĿ
ģͨˣȻжȻ˽ȥ
̤ѪԸоһصĴ֣֮ǰâһ£ѾһС
ܿڣһϯ棬ڷŸ䡣
棬ȻܿһѪɫ۵ӣλ֮ϣϵĳۣ·ѪȾɣͨ嵴Ѫɫ⣬ͷ·𿴵ޱѪʶľͻƿĿ⡣
һλǱˣѪ֮ڤ档
ڤĵ̣ξۻķߣλȻǺް⡣
ڣ˱ȵ
һۿȥȻܿϰÿһλǶǿߣĲǱ壬ǷҲΪף֪Ȼǿ󣬲ģǸ嶼С
oףۣ嶥ǿߣʥǿߵȵȡ
ÿһִһİ
˿̣ǽһĿſ˹
ڿкЩĿʱ˱仯ݳѶϢȻвͬȴûκ˻˿ӣߵ˭ҪҶԴ׶ӣͬ׳һľٶ
ĸһһеλãȻľۻỹûпʼҲû˵žȴͬʱ໥
ȻҪĸڶнܴеִЩܵݡ
һһ߰ǣЩĴܣȦӡ
ڵȴʱܿԽԽǿ߲ϵִ
У֮ǰ׹ѪĽӴһ˿Ǳ߽
ǰƥ˹ɽ˹ֻϧƷбӣ˲ݡĸۿһۣܵ
˹ʲôΪ
ƽѯʵ
֤۷壬벽Ԫ
ĸƽ˵
ڰƥ˹УǷʥˡ
ٴʵ
У֮ĸǡ
ĸһص˵
ǿɲǼ򵥵ϣ񻰼Դһΰ֪Ѿﵽ޷ĵز
ʱܼǿߵִ
ڣһʱԵʮ֡
Ŀڤ漴·ڿµɱźâ
λѣһξۻҪǰ࣬ۻĿģҶӦúֻΪһ¡죡
ڤ濴ѾۼĲ࣬ûгɣϵĿ˵ֱӽҿһξۻĸĿġ
ںʱ־շɣڣкǻԪʥˣռλ˳Уҵɶǳֻ֣ǣȷϢУѾҹаħȾȡռλҵλԲҹаħ֮֡ҹɱֻ·磬ɾ޴ʧ£Ⱦ̡
죬˳졣ΪսսڤӾԲ
ڤֱӱ̬ġ
ߵɱ֤ɱ̫£ɱ¾ҪͻƣɣǧѡֻҪͷͻܵûк֤Ŀԣã
ĶǸʼ漶ڣԭУ۷塣Ӧúԭ֪Ҫǿٱ֤ԭںǰڣУȴϰٱǧžһ·֮µޣͬԭҪߣҪǿͬľ磬УֻǿʮٱǧΣǽԪýݾ
˵һ䡣
磬ں磬Ψһ磬вͬģͺñȣСǧǧԽǿζţ޸ߡ
ĺ磬ޱȣڣҲֻһ֡еʥˣеʥˣҪʣеʥˣһһѹ̬
ںʱУѾﵽԪǿߣںϺͬõϿɣǻԪʥˡߣҪ֤ʥͻƻԪҪգƿǲܡȫžһ֤֮úΨһĽԿס
Ҫõȴ졣
ھкǰϵ顣
һΣҹаħķ֣˲͸Ľڡ


2048 Դ
ļƻһ˺ܶˣͨߣ޲Ƕ˼ҪУ֤ĴͨߣʵѾкʥ˵ǿսӵԼĵʵѾԪԪʵ֤һ롣ƿǵõϿɣֱӵرԴʸȨںϺ󣬶֤ΣûͻƻԪʵȴÿʱÿ̶ͣͲǰصĸԽƿصԽǿ
ȻںǰʥȣƥУһںϺʥȣž޴Ĳֻ࣬˵ͬһУʥʥˡͨϾ硣
ʥ˾
ͨʥ˵·ĺؼĹ屦
κһѪȷ磬ͺñڣһ־⣬ͨ͸ŵѪζһ㣬һ˼
ҲС
Ժһͷ
֮䣬һеĸҪΪ˺˿̣ڴУԲ˶Ķܣкܶ࣬໥жԵģܹƽ͵һ
𣬵Ȼ
квȱʮ֮һвȱѾ뵽УΪɳĵ̸һԼۼ̳УЧȻ֪طʱֱͨӽԴռ䣬ֱؼĸַϣͺԭȵأǰһ֣ͨȥŨֻһ㱡ɴѡ
ֲ࣬Ȼǿ֪ġ
ٶԶԶʿ
ܹڶ̶ʱߵľ磬ãҲǲݺӵġӲҪ˵ͨ޽ԼһԿס
κһ棬
ȻԼӵеĺ£ؼ䣬ֻԼ֪˸Ͳ֪ҪȻЩͨҪҵľͲǾ𣬶ˡ
Ժ֤δزһѡⶫҶԣǱ롣
аһͷ
Ҫ֪һ֤ʥҪܵԼȻԼƽʱͲʲôûжӰ죬¼ĸоʼʮԸ⡣
壬ڲ㷨
ȻԼãδزطֵҲѷɫ
ԡ
תͷһĸƺĳּƻ
ежҹаħһ㣬ֱܷ棬˭ǵˣ˭ѡһȫڵжӪɣⲢǺ£˵ὫԼˣȳΪ˶֡ĵ̸
ңɢ˵ȻһЦ˵
κһʥ˼սǲɺӵġ
Ҫ죬ҲħҪĵ̡𣬱ıԴǲͬһʥˡʥˡ
Ҫʵ򣬽ڳȡҲȫûӰġھǾһƵѡ
˭ҪֱԾʥ˼ĵˡ
Ҫڳдͨһϣֻ¶ᱻѹԣҪ浽ضħͷжٿ£ѡ
ұӵһ쾵ճؼһħ֣䱾࣬Ȼʥ˼мޣѾ쾵Ϊ⣬ӦÿԿ̽һЩţҪаħ֮Բܲ¶һ˿
ֻһӴŵ˵
Ű̡
пһۣ֪ݣΪỤ̋ʵ䱾Ϲֻ֮ͥطȻѾ֮ͥλֻ֮ͥһ̣ԳռͥӵкԴֻԵϣ쾵ĲΣǲܡ
쾵ɲͨı̺屾Դֻеһѡ
ﵽ쾵̽顣
Ȼܲ׼ȷ󣬻дġ
ٷƶɮ̽Ŀܡ
һдŴȱ˵
ãˣȷһʧڤ׵ͷ漴һ£һƽʹȱŮѯʵ֪ƽܷԵظһʵ
ڤߵɱȴǰ׳գ˭Ҫʥ沫ɱѪܣҲᵱ飬Ȼȥ
ԣ
ƽ￴һڤ棬׵ͷӦ
ⱻڤģΪľһĿġƽı𣬿ֻصʥˣλĴڣһһĪܡֻһΣ̽ʵˣٶֶΣпܳƫ֮˿̣ȴһơ
һȷϾаħ֮£ѾʮþȣȷϻУҪ죬ǰ֮أɣþռλƣʱҪȻءϢԴʥͥһֱǲаǱڴ֮ڡ
ڤ˵䣬һۣ£Ȼйء
ǵݣʥ֪ûκ֮ǰǵݣǴʥƽ˵
Ĵڣֻ֪ҪʥǾŮˣԵάӲҪ˵һշްնԼŮˣȽϷݡ
ĸҲһۣеĿƺһ˿ȻֶԴŮ˵̬ȣǶдġסʥУҲ֪Ļ˵˵ѡ
Դ׿̽ѾãԴΪԴϳٽ׵ˣأϾ·֮٣гɹĿܡ
ڤ˵
Ҳ˵ǷܹмƣһҴ׾ڿս׶ᱻɷ棬ΪҴ׿ɲӦϵ˵
һսȷڴ׾ڣǶԴ׾һѣֿԣôܳܡ
ֻһ㣬ԲܴӦ
죬ڴ˵ǱҪʲôЦսףǶϷ
ҵȹͬˣԴ֣ȻףʥģֻҪʥӦȻԴ㹻Ĳ磬ףͥ
ڤ滺˵
ֻҪʥӦԴ֣ȫִ֧׽ͥ
̫һſ˵ʥԴΪء
ͥͥô׽ģѵܸҴһôк˵ûôͥ
زǾһôȫ̫ͥһٴ˵
ЦĸΪҴ֮صȻҴУҴ֮ͥǺθɣο֮ᶯ
жȻ񶨵


2049 ڳ
صԴֵĲ飬Ϊǰ׳ղɣҪⶼܴӦǾͿֱҿ鶹ײˡͥżġҵһҪȻ졣
󣬸ǿ֪ף̫һͲὫĸϡ
˶ڴˣһܰæŪȻ׽ͥŰ̲˵

׵ĺô
ٴܣ׷׿ڱʾͬ
Ҵ֣ҲδزɣֻʥҪȿ򣬴ҴײܴӦкԥ˵Ϊ˭ܱ֤⡣гɾͥϵ̡ǲʵʵڵĺô
⻰һ֮һƬžĬ
ֵ֮ԲȺѷɫ˳УȺҪһ㣬Ӷ̫һǧټıȡܿһߡ
ҪóУ˭ҴƱ
˵ҲҪġ
ǲԼ濪Ц
ģÿһǶмصġ
ؼ䣬һģǲƵģһԪ飬ں£Ҳ磬ܽٴξۺϣԴһȫ
ʱңɢ˿˵
ȷʵֻҪռ֮ѣ˵ѹаħңɢ֮УںδҪϸߡѶȼóȻЩƬҲҵ
زҡҡͷ˵
ɲǿЦģҪôõõĻ֮ǰžѾ뷽跨ľˣֻǣѹаħû㹻ͻԵ˭ȥ̫ĺ³
һ㣬ܣס
Ҫһͺãϸδزɱ
̾
̸ףȷʵнĿԣֻȲ˵ĽҪ۷壬ҪķѺرԴҪﵽɣҪͻƣҪõػԵ컯ﵽʮǧɣΪһԪ֮ԲΪ컯һ컯֮
˵
޷ˮ֮ЩѰ֮֮ʮ־ͨó˵Ҳ䡣
ʲô컯֮
ͺñȶǿٵʱһ촿֮촿֮컯ﵽ۷ܵõһ촿֮ǾɱΪĻᡣ
ĸĸȵȣҪȥгɾ͵Ŀܡ
ֻ֮ؿ֮Уؼ䣬㻯ܱڵģָκһζ컯֮Ϊ䱦˭׷
컯֮ͳĸ񣬿֪Ƕô
һĴʵ̫
ҿλѣһ֣ףһ֮ܣЭ£δؾͲһˣн֮ͥˣҵı֮£Ҳʤ㡣
ңɢٴο˵
һĨɫ׼Ϊڳһܳɹû˵ȫ֮ϲ֮ͥˣȫˡֻҪʵﵽ㹻ͥˮɡĺ£ĵ
Ҵ֮УӵֻǣС
˵һ䡣
ò촿Դóһףϵ˵
ԴУ߶۶ɣһϣΪνǱͨľʯ֪ҪٱҲԴֻвЩԴϣǻıԴ
ʣϵﱦġ
ϵҲóԴʮټƷʮö
ңɢ˵Ц˵
ɲ򵥣ıԴʮϡ٣ƷƷƷǼƷһö飬Ѱұȥʩ֮ͿֱݻһӦƷ׵飬ͺһѳһԴ
ĳ̶ֳϣ
ȻǺϡٵ¡ֵָ֮ߣȹ屦
ңɢóʮö飬Ʒ飬ǼֱֱʡܹΪı
ҳʮԴöƷ顣
ҳöƷ顣

ש£ܣ׷׿ڣϾǶܣĴͨһҵӣһķһҲˣһǾһԹӴԴ
еԣҲ
Эпڳһ
ЩԴҪɳڵʮФУ˵ʮһ£ﵽɣ£Ҫ֪ɳЩ꣬ԴԴǣ֮Ϊÿʱÿ̶ɱ䣬ФѾȫﵽɵĳȡ
ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬гɳ£¡
ȻҪʱ䡣
ЩԴĻȫѡһȥô׾֮ͥˣǲѡ
һΣȫһʡ
ؼǣ˭ó컯֮
ĸ˵
ĩڣҪģ컯֮û
˻һУٴĬ
ֱҰƥ˹ɽûС
˹ϵĿ˵
ɫ䣬ɲͨǰƥ˹ɽУҲóĵ̡͸ףǲǿЦôܴӦԴŸˡ
Ұ˹εӵһ֦Ӧþɱ
ʱһɢϣ˿ѷɫ˹ӣ˵ⲻǱˣǱŷ尢˹ε¶ͬһض˵
֦
Ŀʶ¶
ʲôĴڣȻףഫǿǻ֧أһ硣ΰ޾Ĵڣһ֦Ǿ춯صٶ鱦Ǵﵽδزܡ
ֵ֮ߣ޿ɹ
¶Ȼóһ㣬ȫ˵Ԥ֮⡣
֪¶ܷ֦ҵԻԵ
ڤ˵
֦ȫǽȼü֮ϾȫһӲӥտڰƲҪС
ֻǣ֦Ѿ͸Ůˡ
¶Щɵ˵


2050 
֮šѾͳȥˣΪˣ¶Ȼ˵ȫǲǣʵ˿աȻԴŮûǣ϶鷳ֻ²ôס
ҵСŮһԪ󣬵õףӵؼգݣΪܽӵԸѾ䡣
¶ЦǺǵ˵˵䣬ĿȴСƺл
ߣ
ĸȴǱһ֪ôģоЩ
иĽ
Ȼ¶еĺ壬ֻǣЩҪáô½ۡ
˿Ȼö˵ʲô¶ԱⰡҪʲôҪ׵޽ˡ
ȻˣƶҲҴţںʱؼ䣬챦ɢķʱҳȡһ֣оһĸ׼Դһ鱦ȻڴҪǾóףϣܽɱ֮ͥͥ
ڤһºտ˵
óĸ˵Ҳһ־޴ʧ֮ٷˣڸ֮λҲ׿ڡ
ʵǡʹ
ƶóĸΪƣԣ𣬵õĻҪȻȡȨжңһҪռһ
ڤٴ˵
ѾŲݶҡľġΪ죬ĸóˣģ˭ûбߵʸ񣬶ȡ˭
УȻѾԴĸȣǺʣ΢ȫֵһᣬԣڤ˿̿ڣ˶ɳĬϾڤ渶㹻Ĵۣѡȡʸȫ˳£˭˵ʲô
ͬ⣬Ͼڤ渶˴ĴۣûһôǾ˵ȥ
Ц˵
ôѾ֣Ȼ̧ҺãҺáһСС֧վλѣȫ㲻ʲô
ԣ
ͬ⡣

Ҳ׷׿ʼ̬Σһᣬպڤõڤ棬ջҪӦĴۣǷӦ飬е
ȻλѾĳҪǾ˵˵ļƻҴײ֣Ҵ׸ֻ˵Ǹһѯʵ
ǰĸĿģҪǵ׼
֮ǰѾηֱҹаħķ˵˳ֱļȻʮִ
ʥ˼ǿߣһ֣ܵΰĻʥ֮£֮⣬Ҫ죬ȾҪ취ضϾ֮ϵһ㣬Ψ˳а취
˵˳֮һԪ;ӵأ飬˳Ĺˣ֮ˣĳ̶ֳϣԳ֮Ϊڹ˸֮أ˳֮ڣ˳֮־⣬ֻҪȫתʱڣȫԸ⣬̽˳أĳ̶ֳϣʥͬλײȫʥûе֮նһ˫ֱۡ
ҪоʥϵȻô׵ģ赭д˵˵ѣ棬һмģ˳ĸˣͨ˳һ˳θϲʥϵӲҪ˵ڡ
ҪϵȻҴ׾ڲôǽսҴ׽УҪɱͶ㶼ֲƻһ㣬Խܡ
΢΢ü˵
Ҫϵ˵ʵڣֻҪ˴׾ڣֻҪԸ⣬Ҫϣǲ׾ٵ飬Ǵ˳˳ҲܲϣûȨޡ־֣ҲҪ˱ܡɣб¶Ǵ˳ܡ˵ͻΪʸ֮ġ
ܵ˳ĵӡ
ôҲҪͥ󣬷ſԱ¶
ҲֻСģı¶
ﵽʲôĲΣִʲôȨʸ񣬵²λǾǻǸﵽһΣǱ¶ˣһǿʱ˲ŵĵ̡
ʥô˵δЩصոǿΪڳһķѺԴԴ֣ܲսڴ֮ڡ
̫һ˵Уһ˿
ʥģǼȻԴ֣Ȼһգ׼ڴУ·ˮվǰֶԾʥֻҪھ׺󣬸ϵ飬赣ģսڴףҲڴסһƻԴӰ졣ңɢЦ˵
Ϳ˵ƻ
Ҳһ̾ǵĴ󵨾ٶ뷨һ̾Ϊֹò̾Щܹ治һԪʹڵĶǿߡԽãѾɾˡ
ķõȻЩϹŶһСӣҪǣǾûһǼ򵥵ġϺꡣңռƻĻҴɵˣѵʱ̣ǽضϵΪգʱ򣬾ȻֻҪ֧Źȥһоֵõġֵһ
апٵǷС
յĴǣȷʵУңɹĿԼпɹңܵõһ˵ʵڣ൱˵ģУѾʼͬƻ
һ֣˲ҹ
ξۻᣬͲľۻᣬҪƻΪƣԷֹԭȾۻ۵ʲôģûУȻҲû̫ȥЩ顣
žۻ֮ǰλͨŵԴҲȺ󽻵УԴѻɽ飬ˡһĸǽĹؼ
Щôʵʵڵ䵽Уһʡ
ڤǲлᷴڣϾǹͬĵ˶֣ױǾԵĿ꣬ڳôӵһʵ׼ɱġȲҪԴ׶֡нͥĸҪͥʥҲ׶ͥ֡
ֲΣж£ҲҪúõĵ
ˢ
ۻѪ뿪ͨţֱӷشףʥС
ӴԴаһ˿ϲá
ܺã֮ͥ·ѾƽֻҪͰ࣬ǿˣ׳ʵŽ򣬴ﵽޣǿдơͥڡаһ˿ϲ
εľۻᣬĺô൱޴
ԾܾȻļƻֻ£վзգʥ˼ǿߣκⶼпܷףпڴսдɷ档
ĸ˽п˵


2051 طɾ
ûλԵҴܶһ֮ͥ£˭óӴԴֻЩͨߣе̣õĳӲҪ˵ĸ컯ڤôܻóΪͥеһЩգҲδɡҪôȴеգⱾǲܵ顣еȻһЦ
ҪõĺôҪеķգһ㣬⣬ҲԽܡ
ң˵׵ķգȫֵõġ
Ӳ˵ͬĵƣҪƼˣֱӿˮɽͼʥˣҲҸһգɳͬǳصģҪֵһʥ˲¡
ңսһͬӡ
ڴ׾ڣʵԶƽʱ
ףɻ־һΪΰ
Ҫ⣬ơ
֮ǰ׼˲ֹһŵơ׼ӦԵģǾֲεıʡ
Լͺãõʱ˵û㡣
ĸһۣ˵
ѾˣҪʲôҲ޹أȻҲЩ棬׵ʲôĵƣľϾκ鶼һ
ôüƻ׼
ЩЦЦܵĸдݵĹУҲº͵ѯʵƻμӵĴ̫࣬Ҫ𣬺ܷл䵽С
һμƻ֣ѾõһѾûʸȥıȡڳγҪųڷߵ֮⡣ϾԴײ֣ܾ޴գʸС
ʱһǿľߡ
һʼͽλǿų⡣
δлᣬβĴ̫࣬ǿ֣صֶΣƣѷɫǰʱȺġ˺ˣ˽вңڷ䣬ֲͬķ
ĸ˵
ô
ѯʵ
һ㣬ھۻϲû˵Ȼ˽ѾĬ˵ѡѾųںķ䷶Χ֮⡣
һĺ䣬ո˵õˣ˽вڶ֣ǽзָֳͬȷݵĺȻȱֻһ˿һƣϵȡһ˿õϿɵĻᡣߣڽ취õȱĴУȡǶȡ»۳
ĸ˵
Ȼܲпᣬѡڶ֣ǾעЩĴ֮䣬޴ļ϶ʱпδսɱֹĶǡ붼ÿֲ
õԺ֤ʥô
涢ĸ۾ѯʵ
Уһ˿ȻԵã仰ķⲻͬ
ߣǿһԵɱ޸ߣԺ洫ϢѾﵽߵĲΣΪУԪص㣬Ԫ֮Ϊبţɳ֮Ϊףب֮Ϊ㡣Ϊ㲻öبų档޲Σبס֮£Ԫ㣬յ㣬о޴ռ䣬ܽԪǴӺ̸بסк˭޶ԡ
ĸһ˵
ǵģԸߵľ磬ߵķ羰ûж˻ԸͣͲǰ
Ȼͨ߳ΪԪʥˣδػΪبףﵽبţǾƽȼ磬ڹϷȨ׵־ط־
ʣΪʥˣ⡣
Уû˵޶Ԫʥ˵ֻҪĵ̣ʣһԿףҪǵżȫּɣǿս̡
һֻᣬ˲ҪҲ֤Ԫпô
ͻȻ˵
ܣУؼ䣬ͨߣѾͻˡĸһ漴ͶȻ˵
ݺԣУ̫ǿ֤ǽ磬ڻУѾһʮֻҿµľ棬֮ڱҹڶţУÿʱÿ̶һֿ״̬ȥ󣬷ң֤ĿѶȸһСľͻ硣
ĳ̶ֳϣž·
ѣѣѣ
ʲô硣ڵ̨Уߵһ
ĸͻȻѯʵ
̨ڶҪʱͻơ
п˵ûģ粢ս£ǽĵڼ̳֮У۳һö̺ľѡĴ
һ׶ΣʵһʿΪʱ̡
۵ʱǣһ飬Ϊһ壬۵Ḷ́ʱ䣬пʮпʮֶݣ˭˵Уָջʱп۵ĵƫ룬⣬ǵһ޾ĵУٲѣֱӵΣա
һǾĻؼ䣬ˡ
ԣܶߵһʱԥǰɡ
֮
ĸĬһ£漴˵
ʲô
Ҳ¶֮ɫĿĸȻ仰˼ʲôҪԲʵķޡ
ֻǣʵ̫ͻȻˡ
֮䣬Ѿ֣ŮԼ֤Ѿ޷ϣ񣬱Ҳ˴ףʥ֮λãȻָı䲻ˣǾͲȫ㡣
ĸ۾ƿһЩ󣬻˵⣬һŹطɾŹ۳һ⣬˫֮󣬷ͻڣʱ۵ڷ⻤£һɶͣڡһ۷塣һ֮
˵ţ·Ϊһٴνһ䣺ڼΪԽԽãԽǿԽãףɲսߣֻӦıǰÿһ֤εǿߣǰ֤ĿԾͻ󡣡
ʱԼܿһ˿ߺ֮ɫת۾ʧڵʮ
ҲһȣĸĿ⣬ʱýȻ֮ͬǰûжʲô뷨Ϊ룬ϾǴ˵еŮڼȻлᣬԸӲҪ˵˫ݺ󣬾Ȼܻȡһ⣬֮ĺ¡
ʱ̣Ϊȷʵõİ취
κʱΪܲд
ɫ磬ĸǰЪɡ
пɫЦŶĸ˵
һ˵һ˹ȥرڻУƴ


2052 
һҹɫޱߣζǲΪ˵ҲֻкĸԼܹ֪峿ĹеĶŽͣϢ
ƴϣĸһлУüڸǲסһĨ˵ķϡ
㾹Ȼ˫ݷšҵΪУ١
ؿһۣ˵
ĹΪ;˫֮ܣͬʱܹ˴˵ΪСеȻһЦƽ˵ѾһЩҲûбҪЩҲܸĸο鱾סһͬȻܹܵеı仯
ʥеŮ֮ΪͻͽһԴΪ˫ʱȻȻΪõ
һΣĸӵʣΪطɾ˿̣ϸУȻܿһѩϾķⲻ˸·иܵһ޷ݵķ֮һ컯֮в˼ΰڷϸУֻҪͻʱͿԽ֮ԽһεĹؿ
˵ֻҪԸ⣬ȫʱڣͻƣΪһ׵ǿߣǣʱ֤ܿһΪؼĶǿߡ
ң˿̣һϣӰϡ
ͼУٴһӰΪʵγһӰ֮
ʵν˲
ЩϢ䣬Ѿɱ䣬ǿ󣬾ôϸı仯š
Ȼ˶⹦ټϻ۴ˣѹڶ̶̰겻ʱУֱͻƵ̨ڸ֤˾ȥƴ档
ĸ¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
ںϣݱ֮طԶҪԾҪڶ̶̰겻ʱУͻƵ˾磬ѾǷˣӣ컯ɡĸЩ˵еʱ򣬼ǲò̾
˳֮ǿ󣬸ǰۺ졣
˳˵ʵ̫ǿˡ
ǰʥ˽Żˣ֪Ҫǿٱ
һԪ˳ļԪ
ȻѾΪķޣһڴ׵飬Ͳ㣬£Уһָ߲֪ѼҲ֪֮ȻҲȨ֪ܣʵǸһ߹ˣֻϢڴ֮ڣ֪ˣҲǱտڲԡ˽ֻҪֻһѺµѾΪҴܣҲǾҴƶԭ򡣡
бĸѩ˿˵
ʲôܡ
ĸһݣҲֱ֪һ̣űϿɣҪ֪¹ش׵ܡңףܣԲ򵥣¹ؾǴʲô̶ȶΪ
Ҵס˳
п˵
ʲô˳ʲô
ĸҲһͻȻ˸һĨǰδе⣬Ȼһޱ𾪵Ŀ⿴УȻѾ˲²⣬˲²⣬Ÿӵ벻š
ǡֱǲܡ
µûҴףǡ˳
׵ͷ֤ʵеĲ²⡣
Ȼ󿪿ڽΪʲôΪ˳˵һ飬ȫǻԵɺϣʱʵ̫ˣҲǳһ£û뵽Ȼܳɹһӱؼ޽еĴ˳һͬΰĸо
õ֤ʵ
ĸмֱͬһ㣬˼𾪵Щ㶣ֱǲ˼飬˳û˵ֻҪڣף˳ܹöıô
Ͻ˳ܾкȼʸλ֮ϣԴܴλѹ֮Уܸ׵תȨޣǡǡģ֪ķѶ˼ɵá
ֻҪﵽһΣ֮Уͬ׸ĵطʲôҪ飬ֻ¶Ҫʹ֮ܽС򣬾ǶԴ
ͬҲԺ뵽˺ܶࡣ
磬֮ǰпѯ벻һ֤֮·ζʲôڴ֮УȫֿԵġ֮УӵеȨġ
ѹ֣ѹ־ײţԭѾ֪Ǵ˳飬ܹȡȨлǽ߲Ρ
ĸһ¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
һоͱ˳ˡ
һֱ֪׷չʮѸͣͷǲ赲񣬿˭ûв뵽׾ȻǴ˳ܾ̫ˡ
ʵ˳Ҳ㲻ʲôΪֹҴ׷չҲ˳һģûյʲô̫Ŵýܿ飬Ҫܿ飬óܵΣͬûмٹпܴ
еȻһЦ
ѵ𡣡
ĸ̲סһۣǱӲ֪ӼΪ֤ʥ֪ٴҪĵ·ϡһܹõĻᡣΪ˳֮ǿԿ϶лᣬ֤ʥǴ׾ڣ˶Ŀԡ
Ļᣬֻһ˿ܣġ
ֻҪȥ֪ٶǿ߻Դ֮ͣǼͷҪס
ĸʱ඼ڲľ
ǵģȷʵѾ㹻ˣ֪Ǵ˳ıϾҲûд⹫٣ڴ׽֮ͥǰ⻹ҪֻҪͥҴ׾η塣
Ц˵
֮ͥǰ⹫ĽҪ߱һԱҪȻΪʸ֮ģû㸲пܵġ
˭֪ᷢʲô
ʵСʱɴܼ룬Ǵ׻ԭȵĴô
ڴϣֽãûãһ챻޺á
Щǲԡ
зῪۡ

н뾲Уʼչء
һ䣬ѾϸС
ȻܿŲۼ̳ɢ޾أһתڻصֵϲϱ任˷·ڴ
̫ţУǣԣŹ죬ʱա
ÿһ㶼ܸܵͬĵϡ
֮ţҲǰԣ֮ǵۻ֮֮УһѹһΪ٣ΪǬķΪ⣬ġЩҵ۵֮ҪΪ֮һԿɶط⼴⣬ļġ

һ˲䣬Ϳۼ̳УķԴԴϵĸֶÿһö·̵̺ĵ·ܿ΢Уһγɣ׳󣬰հҵʿԡѪɱܿжΣתǬµĻ棬һ𣬺Ȼ䣬Ϊһöɫ
ڵ۵ɲǣȻȻУ棬Ǹֳͼͼһ


2053 
ܿУһӰУ·һۻʣӲѹǬĿ֮أһƬƬĴɽգ޾ϣܸܵһֶԵۻʵľηĽһ
һǬѡ
ڵУͷ·һ硣
ܿе۷ƹȥҪһС̣ʱ̣ʧȥ־ܵصӰ죬һƫƣͻƫʧܣĵ۵ĵģ
γɵɲǣͻָĻ󣬳УԴµĸı䡣
γɺֻǵϸеķ֮ƿնֱ֮У뵽֮ڡȻ󣬾Ϳڵݱ䣬ۿɼٶȷٽš
·ʱһ̣˿һϣ鶼Уʱ䣬·˿ûӰ죬糬⣬֮ϡ
ȻģͶȹʱĵ֮١
̣죬쵽תۼѾɡ
ܿϸУۼ̳ϣȻܿһöɫĵϡ
̨ɣ
ңһ۵͵ͬ۷塣
֮󣬹Ȼͬ۵ǵۻʵ۵󣬲ϸңֱӸӦĵ棬ֻҪԼԼܲڤڤеĸӦһ֮䣬˳ϵ٣Էһ
ڣ׾ڣп޴ڡ
ռ
Ҫǣһɣͳһͨͨ˲ɡĵķȴԭȵĸ٣صϵ˲䳬ԭȵʮ
Ϊ֤һǿģǽΪ֤׼ɱ䣬̫ǿ֤󣬷ŻᷢԵɱ䡣
̨Ѿﵽ£ֻ֤֤Ҫؿ飬߾ټ̳ӳաһ̣һˡ
֤ضо󣬲֪жĻϲ˻ǰ֤ʱڣȣٵһȡ
аһͷ
δؽһѵֻ֤֮Ҫץס֤ˮɡ
׼ֱӽ֤ȻȹҲ߳˾ңڶ˷ʱ䡣
ʱſĸ
ĸڿ˳ͻƺһĨɣ漴ҲתȥҲ׼ǰȥչأ˫ݣĺôСңײؾУӵи־żڵ֪󣬸Ҫǰۿеľ䡣
ֻܵӦ뱾ͬĵ·Ĺǻż˵һĪĻԵ¿ʼ£ҰǼΪҪġ
ײؾУռŸɵţзŶУżĲοֵԴͨ˵ǶԴ
ĸȻҪúùۿǿһ̡

׽֮⣬һؾС
Ȼܿ⴦ؾгһŨŨҹħһУȻһھ޴ѪأѪڣֳöѪɫĴ룬Ѫ·һ㣬ϵܵѪˮ
꣡
ûãһ˺Ѫϴ˳ȻܿһӰѪ˳
ϸȥȻǺۣۣһѪ˳ֻǣܿϵıʮѿͺǸոճʺһܡ
һףһԣȻҿǣǺúްħսϣȻֻ壬ʧԹʧҪָ֪ҪķѶԴɶǿɶ񰡡
ˡ
ǺúݶУԣȻҸףҪֶΣԱٴθֻ£һľˣҲ˷ޱѪѪÿһֻһöķˣĳûˣ´벻ֻʩչֶΡǿɶ񡣡
Ҳɫʮѿ˵
һΣǾͷߵʧʵ̫ˡ˭뵽ԾȻֲȦףӲǸ
嶯ˣһǵ׻ǳ嶯ˣ֪ӦñǾͷߵڰв֣˭뵽аɳɱ֣ȻҲκβУӳǷҪаʧ֣Ҳ䵽³ħȥԣκβǡ
ҲǺ˵
һεĿǳԵʵǲġ
Ҫк֣ǾսˣҪԴ׳ûٵģڴʧ˵ֱŰ˴򣬵һαѾһȻֲ˷ָĵز
ģаּǽǾͻ᲻ݣһɱʧ֣һΣһǲǿĸǰɱ׾Ա밲ңǴ˳ϢѾУھУҹħǱУ׾ԲܼΣһҪ𣬴ײǾҹĸ󻼡һɳ˭޷ƣҹв̫󡣡
һ˵
֮ԽĿڴϣΪ֪Ǵ˳飬ùˣȴǣѾ̽൱˳ں˳ûжһߵ߲ΣܸܵʱǴ׷ʱ򡣴в̫¡
УԲ˿µ˳
еͳ¡
Ǿ͸Ӳܱ
ױбȥ
ҲǾǱصҹаħðű¶ΣգҲҪֽ״ݻ٣лɱֻҪɱǸٶĴۣҲֵõġ
ݵҵԤԻʾδҹ޷ΣԲܷβܡܣǱҪ֣ҲţһλᣬǱֻһ棬ǻҪٴ׼һЩ֣ܷһ
ɫص˵
ģһΣ˵ʲôô׼ȥв̫ǾͷߣҪɹٲɹħˡ˵ҹУЩǿѾ׼͵ǰߡʱҲšʥ䣬Ǳߵʥӣ޹⣬Ҫһ
Ц˵
ھ͵Ŵױʱ̡
ݿɿϢҹһνһµĴɱǼɱһԪУǴŹʣлصΰΪɱУѾɱ
ŵԽ죬ԽȡҪڻԪ֮սʱ̣ͱһֱ˵ʲôҲڡ
Ҳʮŭ
ͷƫƫڴԿʵǿա


2054 ΢˽
״ݻ٣˵ʲôģⶪƤôҪһͷ߱ûУƶľǾԲᶪѾסף͵Ŵ¶ʱ̡ʩչһһεĽѵѾȡˣ´ΣǶ³ˡһΣͷ߳˴ͬҲ׵Ŀ¡
ɳǵĿ£Ҳһεļʶˡ
ѹѶܣӲ飬ħ顣ɳǣֱǿ¡ûм˿ֲɳǣֻһԪʱЩʱĸоɳǣѾ˿Щѷɫĳ̶ֳϣҪǿ

ʱȻš
ɵķչţ˴ɳǷչٶȣǲ˳ÿ춼ڲµı仯ʵڷԾɳܱߣѳŸֲָ裬һгϴ󣬽ҰķдУһĻĻʢ
򱻷յĴأڷ׵oϵ£Ѿָ»ָ٣У󲿷򱻷ճɻߣû壬ռݣɳ⣬һƬƬҰشٴηϢԭȴֵİգѾʼȫӦ׵
׵İգ֪ġ
˰ҵ滷û˭ǶԴ׸жµġһ޲ڼаϳƣݡΪܹഺϡ
ң׸ɳǶüΪ
Ϊ׵Ŀƾټʼ
һѧӣ׼ǰμӿƾ١
ÿɳУÿҪ̸ʣ̸Լɳжѧʶڣ˭ļճȺ۵Ķ󣬶ڲ룬ԼɳܲӱΪ׵Ĵ˲ţǳ֮ţлִһǣƽʱصЩвܵˣҲ׷׿ʼ
ʫԵģйȻƴ߶սģָΪԼȻ
ضֵĺܡ
һ죬ʥдֻһ̹װӰһѸ˽кųһĨЦݡ
Ͷôˡ
пеۣЦ˵
˵ʳռһϵȵѩӣԣ³ΪһѩӸúˣⷦҪҲҪע塣
ͣҲѾʥ
ʷϣų֮ƵĴ֮һȻĴǶʷӰòҲһǶ⣬ȲŮѷɫҪ˵òһ㶼١ǧŵģȴ֮٣ʣǶʷӰĸֵ
Ⲣܼ䱾
ѾͬҲһͬʣһ۰мӡ
ûʲôԴ
ʥУжԼŮˣƽľøᣬһ㲻٣øأһ˿٣ԶҪĶ࣬ǳǱĬ
Ķⳤģʲô̬ȣȻܻʲô顣
жǵĺãǼĵ׵ģȻиԵ˳ӣǰ⣬١
ңʥеĹҲǺܿɣֻҪڹеʱÿŮ¶ǰޣÿһĸǳе顣
кܺг
ദ죬Ҳûʲô̫¡
Ѿﲻϣ֪ϲʳԣЩһֱѧϰһЩ򵥵ʳ֮ģΪԼԸõı⡣
Ͷˣһԡ
ЦŷۣǰѩӸº͵˵
ѾҲûм⣬óֻ룬ֱһ룬ܿӸȷʵĲҿʱܿʳ֮⡣ƷҲʮζɿڡʳϸһá
ڳԵͬʱû˵
ߵ˶֪Ʒʳʱϲ˵ԾǳԣרĲеζԼŮ˸Լ⿵ĸͻȥᣬеУָоϲ
ѾǱҲ¶һĨ΢Ц
һĨܰȻڿлص
Ҫпƾˣ׼ڴĴһߡʱͶһȥҲһҴ׵ĺɽɫ顣ٿҴУж˲ӱ
кѩӸ󣬷룬Ц˵
Ҫ΢˽á
Ѿ۾һ¶һĨǿҵȤ
ȻƽʱǶȥ棬ǣǸʲôһȥһȥȻǽȻͬġҲǲһġĻᣬɲС
ţ˴ȥ
׵ͷ˵
ȻԸ⡣
Ѿϵ˵
ѾҲ뿪


ħ
¹ǡ
ɳפһΪ¹ĺԣԣҲ͵¹ǣвס壬ˣ¾һ壬¹˲ͳΪܱߵĵشΪħͶϣףȻܾסɳڣɽɳȴġɳڣۣܰҹԵʮ֡
˿̣¹봫ڵ㳡УŴâ˸䣬һŮӰȻ˳ˣϸȥһֹŹֵĸоͨȴһֲǺȷĸоòͨ׼סһִһ㡣
˲ǱˣȻѾĸ
ڵ֪׼΢˽õϢĸʱҪһһȻȻ΢˽ãҲͲԭȵò޴ĺ䶯΢˽þȫû塣Ҫòһ֮顣ͨ˸ǵıĿ
ԺȻڳС
˳ͳΣȻ޷ļֵøɳǰյͨ޴ıݣҪҰաֻǣͷò͡
ĸ󲻶˸âĴ󣬻˵
վշѣЩ꣬ѾɸĽɳɳ֮䣬໥ڣǧĻһΣҪʮöңöΪ͵öΪ׹ٷȡķáҲ󣬴;ԽԶҪǮԽ࣬ʵ۸Ѿ൱ֻҪԸ⣬֮еİգ˭õ̤󣬾ͻִ͹ĻѡȡĿءŴת
Ц˵
ѾҪרŵԱǸ͡
һֻͶ䣬ֻҪѡôĿأͻӦĴͽǮҷŽͶУȻֱܼӴͳȥǽһ㡣
½ɳУѾϤˡ
һʼľ棬ΪȻȫϰˡ
ȷʵ̾Ϊֹ컯
ĸҲǰԵͷĴڣԴסȻʸ׵׵ֱ֮ǳǴױ﷢չ


2055 ħ俴ħ
˵Ҫڴпͨг;רߣɳɳ֮гרߣȻãȴ;еĺɽɫδЩв㡣ѾЦ˵
ʱûгٶȲȻУôıҪԲ̫ߣѾ㹻ٿгרߣֻ˷ԴײҪƾַʽȥʾȨ˭Ҵ׵ģ˭ҲռˡЩ黹֮УʱûбҪ
ЦЦ˵
гĴڣֻΪ˷ɳʿҰԻҰγһ;гдڣңڵĴͷòߣõٿͨδЩʱˡ
ӣ׼ڴɳڣ蹫רУѾʩ֮Уõǻʱ򣬿Էͨߡݽ
м˵
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ڴ˿̵Ĺ㳡оܿ
˿̣Ĺ㳡УȻͣһÿܻĲģдĲԴ濴棬;УܹڣһʮλƥأûԱֻһؿܣؿûֻǣֻǮԦǰС
ķҲÿγֻҪһöҡֻҪ㲻³յվ³ٴϳͱҪ⸶Ǯ
Щܷ㣬֮Ѿõ档
ܿڹ㳡ϣкܶϹ˷ȥ
ǲûȥһµ뷨ֻǰ̤ȥ߼䣬һ˿Уٶȴһ㶼ȺУͬ⣬سɴ硣
һߣһ߹ۿܱߵ
Ȼ⡣
Բͬķ顣
һ·ܸܵ׵ĸԣϣͿκõװ磬ֵԣǰؤûУûؤҪôɻ׬ȡǮƣҪô£Уû˻ˡʳȴˡҪвȱǴȻϡ
ԣ׾ڣͿЩνؤԣڳòϣʮá
ȷʵ忴٣˵Ƚϸ߹û뵽˫ԵĻĸŽֵϣ໥ЯͬУֵĺܵľŮ
Щ壬еӢŮƯڽֵϣȻգǧһĿŮҪǴӶܿһ˿𣬵ϣ˫ͬȵģûʲô۲Ե̶̼ʱ䣬ѾоŮӼףѡȡĶҲǴɳڵٮٮߡ
ҲдŮӼ뾫ӵģֻǣ׸ȻദϴƽȡȻ׸ڴ֮УҲʲôѹ󣬷ദ֮ʮֺгҲôɳУִ塣
ףʲộ֡
ʱѾǰ治Զһ͸¥ĽΪĲ㣬ռݵĴСС¥ǰһγɣŶӽС
Եʮ֡
е˼ȥ
ЦЦŮ˹ȥ
ӰԺ
һͿ¥ŵңȻֳӰԺĴ֣˸Ųʹ⡣
⼸ֵʱ˵ʵڣвһֱĸдڵĴףԽԽһֱִǰľĳ̶ֳϣ档
ӰԺ棬һ龧ȻֳһƪԤƬ棬Ȼܿˣܿʦܿܿħ䡣гªİˡһĻĻ棬һУֳ֡ħ䡷
źöӣӰԺħ壬ӰƬħеʷսʷûҴײ֣ħֵı仯չ̡
ħиʵ룬ʵѾҴͨ󣬳ΪݵӰƬֵһ

ӰԺſڣڷŴΧİǰۿܶ˶ܵǰŶӽӰԺһʮϡĶոڴг֡
ҪҪȥ
пѯʵ
ðҶԡ
ѾϵĴӦ
ÿµķɹ
ĸҲûоܾ
ԴӾƳ󣬸иҵ޴ı仯еӣͨѾ߽ǧ򻧡ˣӰԶ𡣴пɲȱЩִԭȣЩִеˣУռݲʲô̫ƣѵ˲أҡ
ֻڽ׺󣬷ʩչȭŵĻᡣ
κѸٵõɢչһ־ץסᣬʼʱڸ㵽ӰӣֱӽĵӰˣһֶβһɧȻʵħ䡣
߽ӰԺУһۿһӰ
ⳡӰֻ˵ȺһûеߣȫǳֱհִеħӰ飬˳⣬û̫
ò˵ڴװյĳ൱޴ġʮֵĹ񫣬ûоӰѬգھĳ£ǰδе顣
ûҴײ֣ռħǲǣħᳯŸոյӰеľ鷢չ
뿪ӰԺѾѯʵ
һнпܣվֻһӰͺã̫⡣ǲֵķʽѡеȻһЦƽ˵ûдײ֣ħô˭֪ء
鲻Ҫ⡣ֻҪ֪ǴͿԡ
ǴҪġ
ɷܴٽչոһӰȴԸܵۿɢá鶼ġһ־ϵá
ĸид˵
ҪнӴ׵ĸֻºѽǰһС
Ȼܺ󣬼ͺȥ
Ǵеĸżһ뿪ףǰط᱾ܵĸоһǿҵĲӦ
ͺùֻˣԭʼᣬӦйˡ
Ҫ㣬ϵĽͬ£䣬ܸõĴгȣץֶҪӲĻȻ԰
еȻһЦ
ڽιһ飬ϸȥпνǸ̶ֵУԵģõģȵġһӦȫڽֵУܿιİУǺ«һʲôġ߳Աߣʮ⡣Ȼ࣬ΧͰڴ׶ͳһյġ
м¥֣Ҳȥ
ѾЦָǰ治Զһ¥


2056 Ѫ
¥¥ڣ֮أҲϢΪ֮ͨأһȥ΢ƽʱϢȻѶϢҲʮңҪеõѶϢҪķУֳҪ벻ҪѶϢҪ˽ܱߵȻҪǰĵطֱӡ
ǰв¥Ҳһ˿Ȥ
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һĻԲϣƷһֲϡ
ںϳɳͱһЩ˼áͺñڵС¯ֻвǰСʵһöȭͷС𾫾ھ棬һԸ棬ֵյ壬ϣĴ̳һϸСĿ׶Ȼõڶ帲ڿ׶ϣͨأԿϿĿ׶ѣ𾫾ɢĻС
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ܶණ칤ûжô䣬ûþܻһĹâ𾫾ƷѾǧ򻧣õľȾңӵİȫԵȶĻԴڴУ۸Ҳ൱
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֮ʮǧΪһԪһԪΪʮᣬӡîȡ硢δꡢϡ硢֮ʮ֧Ҳÿһ˰ꡣҾһնۣʱͨ⣬îճʱʳ󣬶ţУδ㣻ʱζϣƻ˶Ʃڴ֮գػնӡ

ȴ˵ǶʤޣһԻ󺣣һɽΪɽɽʮ֮֮ԿǶкɡɽ
ҿƽ̨ϣһ˵˵飬ʱٴ죬̺Уνʤı仯仯
μǡ
˵˵漴֪˵Ǳ飬μеĿƪܿ˵˵ΧۿˣϣȻĴݳһ·ĳĳɢ󣬾ͳ˵˻۹ȥֱ뵽ڣʧ
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С˵ԴС˵ռ۳һŴңԼٻ
ź⡣
еĵ·ǧС˵ߵ£δزһһ˳ɾĸҲͷ˵
ֻǣһ㣬С˵۳С˵еС˵ΪԼԭԼдģˣܽڤڤе۳Ӧķ塣μڱԭС˵ڹ˵齲ĻȻԻ֮޷۷壬ֻΪ
ԣԭС˵ҵһҪء
ԣһϸС˵ңһҪһԼԭС˵ȥȥϿɣС˵е顣档
Ĺ£ںǰЦЦ뿪
ֿ˲
磬кܳһطɷɷУһŮӼˡɷΪ֣һղһҹŮӡŮˣȻֻ壬ŮԣɷеŮӣӵ˫ݷšŮӹҹȻǼΪġȻ˫ݲǵĲɲֻ˵Ǹȡ衣
ҪǲɲҲݲ
ɷһŮΪ
һףνˮǽɾ㡣˫ݣӾЧǳȺġ
ھеɷ飬Ҳ˵ûнȥֻ⿴˿漴ͺŮ뿪
ȥط˿ϸɳеķչ仯
µŮʱͻȻ䣬Ͽգ׵ģռ俪ʼŤܷƱá

Уһ߿
һǿҵľϢ
ڴ˿̣ŤգȻһž޴סף·Ѫˮ۶ɵѪȻɢ޾ϣ糱ˮ˷ϯȥʥͥ
Ѫиס
һӾʹݳһǿҵѹϢ
߸ϣ
ʲô
ÿֲϢħͷ


2057  
ѹ糱ˮϯס
ֻо·ھκУʱ㸲ΣգϢ˵־һ˫˫յУֳ־֮ɫȫ޷ѪʲôĴڡ
ߣ
Ŀúɫ䣬һּ䣬һ̣ѾĸѾͬʱƳǣһ룬Уɳƾֶ޴ɳ⣬ܿ޾תĵףɳǣеĸʥһɲɳдݶɢƣ˿ѷɫеѪ
һ׾аϳܵѹȻ
ǵʥǡ
ǿʥǾ˵գÿʱÿ̶ڲϵƶѲ׽׾ڣʥƶķΧʥǾв˼ΰҴǿĵ̡
̫ˣʥڣǶ¡
һ̣׾ڣʮУͬʱ̧ͷգ¶һּΪݵĿ⣬УһصĹâ·ġ
Ѫˡ
гƳϿգһս۸⣬һĿеѪ֮նţɢƣһ㶼Ѫѷɫ׽ڣеشƣȫһ֮ΰһи컻ص
ڴ׾ڣдκˡ
٣ϣû˿ѹƵס
ʥҲС
ӲҪ˵ʥǲ༶εʥǡ
ΣͲʥѷɫ
ѪɢϢǾеѪ
磿Ц֮£ʥΪʥ֮£ΪϣΪ죬У޴ȥ޴ʥͥȥ磬֮˵޻̸֮УҲһֻһ϶ѣЩܹ֮ţǲǻ޷ԳֶѡĺӼͷ
ѪЦſУУɱ⡣
ȻˣǾû־Ĵ㡣Ҫôѹˡ
ЦҴ֮У𣬲ߵ񣬲ɣħأǿϢҴΪϣ½ΪϣΪϣҴ塣˶ʤ죬޵СҪңҾ졣
췢һϺȣҴ񣬿ɸ汾ʥһ𡭡죡
˲䴫ݸ׽֮ڡ
ĿһĻһɲǼ䣬װֻоڵѪ˲俪ʼڣжѪĿ־壬Ѫ֮£˲仯ΪС
ս
սս
죡Ըʥ죡
ɱɱɱ
ɳǣװգһɫͨ죬췢źȭͷ۾Ѫ죬һŨսӿ֣ǿϢ˶ʤ졣
ʥҲѹס
ܺãҴװյĻشô³Ǳʥ͸㡣
̤գѪ죬ȻѪ죬ѽ
ǻ𵴾
ѪıӶˣιҪʾģôŪһֱдȫڴ޹⣬ʵǿɶʮֵĿɶ
ܺãǳãձǰǰҾĽ
ѪЦ˵ʥͥ죬ݵ𣬴ΪظٳȾͬ飬ΪΪ񣬰֮ҵȽԴ׽ϴˢƬĽ򣬴ݻǾ͹ȣҹϴˢҵ֮ʱǻҷ֮ա
ɣ
ڰɣ
һ۴ѪзĻأ˶УܹĸܵѪɢɱ⣬һûڵҪ꣬ǰ֮󣬾ʱ䲻ȴȷı־Բġ
ҪǾǣṩǡ
ʲôǴ׶ΪǶΪ񡣡
쵰죬һˣǴʲôʱΪˣ˭ҶΪ񡣾ƾһԶԲӦ
ܣǲϣǴˣ񡣡
죿죬ҪҲգ
ǸǾ͸ȫսҲûث֣Ѫɣս
ŭˣУаգ˲ͱŭˡ
ոѾѪս֮ʱѪ˵Ļ˴֮У˲ͼŭдװգ޲ŭ죬ֱͷˡ׷׷ŭŭ
һ̣쵲ǰҲս
׵ķ;ǿĸȾѪԣֹǴһʼʹģڣ͸ˣţԺǿӲԷƱ
ڱ޹֮Уֱ̫
ߣһȺҲ죬ձ֪ʲô졣
ѪȻˣ漴˵Ѫ֮أ׾ڣ겻ýꡣ
¼䣬·һεĹ˲ؼ䣬ݵ׾ڣͬһ㣬ءǴзһȨصϵͨʥ˸׽ǿһһУӰ쵽صתȫ֮£ĳʩĳЩȫ⡣
٣Ѫ£׾ڣȻݱ£ٳֽ꣬ȻĽ꣬ǲܵ顣طֽ꣬ԣطͲݱ
һ겻꣬¸ɺܵµѴήũɿݣֻ棬ǳǧҲ̶áһ궼ˣӲҪ˵ǰ꣬겻꣬һƬ޶ɳĮ򶼻ữΪĮޱȵĿײС
ȵɡ
Ѫ𷢳һЦţʹʧȻûдڳ֣ƺڵʲôƺڹ˼ʲô·ʱûеһڻӲӲ׵ĵǿһʥǣѪûаգһԴơʥǣ̫ײУиܵһв
ˢ
УѪʧؼĿѹʧ
׾ڣȴһƬУŭϡ
Ѫôװûнֱ꣬ҪףһҪסױֶΣֱ£ǿߵһ֮£ĥ飬ھκ˳֮ȣǾǸ߸ϵo棬Ҫܵͷ
ֶμ򵥶ֱô
һ󣬿ȥ²ҲҪ
˼ǳ˼ûûˣָǲˡƾһҴⲻǳ˵ΣҴףͷ
пգþòãŷһЦ
һ֣ȥ


2058 
Ⱥһ֮

ʥУһϣȺ׷׳̤ݣųл۶ȥһ¶֮ɫû̫໥̸뷨ոһУĿӳԺСȻ֪ԴζʲôڴΣѾϯ
ûãУ䲢УɢһֳصϢķ˸еǿҵѹ֡
·Ƿʱ
֪ʱڴϷ֮ϣһӰ׵ĳֱ֣࣬Ӱλ΢΢ŷΣ˿ŵģǱˣǲĸһһңûиߵ֮֡
һͬʱڳУҲѸ涫ʵ
Ȳμʥʥ룬بŲࡣ
μʥ޽פ
μʥ޽פ
Ⱥͬʱΰݵĸ飬Ѿ֪֮УǴһѻ飬֣ӵ塣Ҳֻʥһ㡣
ȻĲĸȺֱ̧ӣð
ڰƽ
׵ͷ
лʥ
Ⱥл
ո飬λѾĿãҴ֮ĲѪǰĿģΪҴףҴյߵݣΪµۻѹҴ׵ļĥҴ׵ѪԡǶ´׾ڣ֮Уý˾٣Ѿǲݡλһһ飬ȥ
һ˵
УɢһʵѪ𿪿ڷʱоֹڣֻҪԸ⣬ѪҲκβ˴ףֱԴ׹˱ǡ׿ɲͨ˳Ǵ˳Ѫͨ˳õģҲŪýͷöԴûõġ
Ǵ֮ӣƽط׿Ծܾӡȴûô
һôǴ˳飬ͳסˣչ¶Уʱ򣬲֪ǿ˼ڰеĺ֣֪ٱ
Ѫץ׼ˣײױ¶סԸӲȥĵ򲻵ѵ£Żѡ񳹵ױ¶
ǰ׳գƵĺ
װ׵ץס׵һߡ
ȻֻһѣƾЩκβ˴ףҪİ취еǡͲˡ
ʥҴҪģǴ׼ٵĸɺ⣬Ȼ첻꣬Ҵ׾ʹУн꣬£׵ѩoǰ֮ܣִɺ֮£ӭж⡣
ǰһſ˵
Щ׿ɲ£oɲǿЦġ
oҴУý֮ʿֲͨһɺͻ޲ߡֻȻ꣬˹֮꣬θɡ鷳һѡ
Ҳͷʾͬ
ʥ׵ѩoѾȺ򡣡
˵

׵ͷ˵
μʥ
ֻѩŮѾ̤֮ڣһ϶ܸܵкҲͬʱݼ
񡣡
еͷӦոյ飬ӦѾУ仯ѩҪִƣ֪Ƿѡ
ʥɢڴ׾ڵľҪƾ꽵ѩҪǵͻܵѹƣģ꣬ѶȲСʩС
һ󣬻˵
ѪֹȻݱĽ꣬ҲĽѹƣʮֵѹ£»֣֡Ըһˮֻܸ֮һǸٵѶȣĳ̶ȣ᲻̶ͬȵķı䡣
ô뷷⣬ٺ»ô׷˳ͬǵְΧ֮ڣȻҲжΡѣɹϵĴӦʾܹ
ģǵȻڲʺֱɢʥԻᶯô׹ˣѹǵӰ죬̫󣬾ʩΪ
ƽ˵
ɢȴѹơ
ʱܵӰ죬Ҳɣ̫ࡣ
ĵʵ
ʥ΢Ϊؼ仹һ壬óƲꡣڼͻȻǰһ˵
˵ǡ塣
һ˵
ʥʥ
ڼЦ˵óƲ꣬츳ͨЩ꣬Ҵռ½أȴڴ֮УȻ󲿷Ѿħս˳֮ʵɲǿ壬ǿǣѪԶ壬λж⡣˵壬Ҵ֮ڣУ֮£׿ԽңУշΪҴáһǱĬ£ϵ֮ڡ£˳ƶΪ֮
׽ڣ½صƿǿģںƿأȴԱģһ֧֧׺̳ͣңʼѲӣںµƿأɲߡܽϵ֮ڣΪһ֣ʣƾںе׾ͿԽһƿء
Ҫˣĺˣ˲ô˱
ҴϵǷвףϾһеǣؼĶǿ壬ûû䣬ɴڣ˵ȿɶ¹Ҵ֮ڣһǿٻ˲ͻһ߶աĻ˷۱δЩס
ǰһڷԵ
δЩô׵Դȥӣʵаô붼Щ̫Կ
Բӣ΢ÿУռݺӵƣңݷֻΪӰ죬ٲ֮ʵȫڣǿܽλᣬϵղܹģȴܽ壬Ҵ׵Ӱϵ뺣֮УǴӴУȡԴԴϵԴеԴ֮½ϣҪḻˡһλᡣҴϵͬܽҴ׵ǿǸȡ衣˭׬˭ֻܿԵ뷨
ƳͻȻǰ˵
һֱǴͳεıشа취ƣȡԴǾĺ¡ǰ壬ʹԴײΣڣԴ׵ȫЩ壬£Ѿкɰٴǡĵ̡
Ȼǿתġ


2059 ʹ
ţ˾ٿУƿغҴ˿֮ӣɣ൱ŽýоˣҪϸꡣ˵Ҫȡϵ飬ûʲôá׵ͷʾͬ
ӴˣǺð취
ʥ壬ֱΪ嫺ȫԽϵн̸⣬Ȼ˳У⣬Ǵ׾ʱҲûʧһ£վ޴οҴ壬ǿջ󡣡
ڼŵ˵
Ҫܹпĺ¡ڴףڱסʩУûκ⡣
ԣЩʱ񲿳д
׵ͷʾС
ֺ֮ĹϵȫûʲôֹϵõģˣҲˣԼԿײŮӺ׾ͺáģǸѡ
ǣʥ
ë쿪ڴӦ
ܺãʣҴ֮䣬һսû·ѡֹĵ·ʥԸսҲԲȥѡһѪǰʾͬʱҲҪ߽Ҵ׵ķ־Ҫ䶯ҡҴ׸󣬴ɳǣɹΥߣһɴΡ
ٴ˵
Ա𣬵Բܱܡ
ҲҪվ
ʥ
ȺӦ
һ㣬ͬǱҪᶨһǽѣγһĻԵĥ£ǧѷꡣ
λ䣬Ҵ׸ԴλԳԣͬ顣ֻдױøǿ󣬷ܹеֵѵм˵
ʱ仹а꣬Ѫ˵ûа꣬ҲʮʱǷչ׳󣬱Ĳ˵ʱ䣬Ǵ׵ĽϼǱøǿ󣬻۸Ĺˡ΢飬ܽΣûǰҴײͣŽŲţ˳ǿ֮ǣܹͥҴף޾κεˡ
һĨ⣬Ȼ˵
ţԲֹͣ
΢飬Ҫ꣬ҪˣΪһвͳͣŲⲢʵӦӭѶϣԽˣԽҪǿ
Ҳͬ
ֻǣνУǾһ⡣
ţȻͣҴлǧ˿ڣЩ˿ڣֻͳһƿ֮ڣҴ׵ֵ̡뾡ܱ߽ͳ̽̽ʵڽһ󳯻ϣʥҪܱ߽ľ鱨
ȻͣŲֻǶһѡ
ʥģֵ̽ѾȺ򣬶ܱѶϢ̽飬մ󳯻ϣȻȷеϢֵԸܷ
ͯĻڴ
ҪǶľˡԲҪġֵʵͬǿš飬ܳ⡣
ܺã׼˱ãϾҪпƾ٣껹һƾ١οƾ֮󣬾Ҫʼš
еͷ˵
ʱϢʲô
е׼һ㶼١
ʥص۳ʹѾִҴף񰲶ڹڣҪʥԾ飬ʲôʱнӼ
ʱë쿪˵һ䡣
ʹţ
仰˵ڣֳ֮һֹŹֵϢһĿë죬ȻĻһ¡ʲô˳˵ڣʷϣǧŵĴڣһƲȥΰ۳һͳսǧһ۵ţų棬֪źٵ
˵еʼʵۣԼ֣ΪۻģµĶһ֣ɵԳơޣˣʷУȴǧų棬δ
ں£ٴԲǶĶĶ˳֮һ
ڵΪؽ򣬾ģڲû̽궼޷ȷû뵽ؾȻѾҵ׵Ľλãǲʹųʹף̺ѶϢ൱˼ˡ
ʹŵʹ˭
ƽѯʵ
ʹŵǴص۳̫ӷա滹дةΤ
ë칧˵
գ
֣ȺͬİڴУҲݵλĴڡʹоȻܹܵضγʹӳ̶ȣǷͬСɡ
ȻǴʹţѾˣڳᣬʹǰ
׵ͷ漴Ը
ӼһʹҲûʲô˵ģʲôʱ䡣ô˻һҲ㲻
ʹų
ţڴ⣬һ
ʹȻ׼ѾڴȺ󣬶ʱ̤볯ΪߣȻһƽ͵Ӱ̺һĹѪϢһȵߡӵһصϢɲ⣬ԿĸоһַḻĳǻۡһλȨءþλǱˣʹеĶΤ
ڴУΤݵλ֪λȨءһţز
˿̣һ̤һɲǣҲǰȻ
ǴʥͥĺڣȻΰ޾ҴĺһҪһؼһʥͥһʥͥ׹治
ΤԺһͷиǰȻ
θǰʹףȻֻǰ۹εģϸʥͥĿġ˳˳֮䣬໥ܲϳɳ׳󣬴ڶ̶̼ʮ겻ʱڣɳָ߶ȣһ漣ڴУΤҲͬоǿҵĺ档
Ҫۿһ˵еĴףʲôġ
ԣˡ
ؾֶΣҵ׵Ľ꣬;УȻԹ׵侰󣬿Щ߸֪ķȴȣһܶණĿã󲻵ġ·һʱɱ䣬ǿѹȥ
ֻϧĺģȴûа취ᡣֻһ׵档
ɲ飬վ޷а
ЩͷԺп漴ǰ߽
̤һɲǣǾͷ·ǽһȻͬ磬ѹУ޴һεϣϣÿһϣһֵ˿춯Լͻĸо

Τһͷ
ܸ̤ܵͬʱУһĿϣǿѹ·һεˣѹϡڣΤǵΪΤɲ⡣ЩѹʲôתۼѾʼӦ
Ȼ˲żüãһסȺ󡣷ǵ֮
ΤһԳ


2060 յ
ڿϷʱһǿѹ֮ϣΤҲɵһ־η˿ķ档·𿴵һ߸ϵϵۻʣɻһ㡣֮Բʼʵѷɫϣð
ʹŷգΤʥʥʥ޽
Τʹͬİݼ
Ͽɲ˿ĵ
ǴǴص۳棬ȻҪǶǻȥǲʲôýⶪģҲʼ
λʹƽ
׵ͷ˵
лʥ
յͬʱл
ʼʵ֮ʥжţ׹ʱֻǣҴ֮䣬겻ԿǰǰҴףǲʤϲ̫ţһȻһ콾Ӣ˲׵ͷ˵
ʥޣҵ
ҲһϾ˵⻰ģǴ˵еĴʥУνһ˳ǴҲ޷֮ȣһ㣬ǱҪϵʵĴڿޣҪһ㲨ûУǲŽвܡ
֪̫ӣǰҴףкҪ¡
еȻһЦƽѯʵ
ŴʥͥΪһ˳ѣ嶦岻֮һյ룬಻ԣͬΪ˳ЯˣͬԿУ׳˳ӸգǿˣһˣףһУһǲǿߴǰ֧Ԯͬɳͬǿ󡣡
Τǰһ˵
ˣǴʹǰĸĿ֮һ񣬴ףͲǵˣͬΪ壬ûоԵͻǰȻ˾õķһˣǷʲô飬ȫԻΪ̣໥֡ǻͨޣ˫֮䣬о޴ĺô
ڽгɳչ
޲ɣͬΪ˳Ҳ
ЦŵͷʾӦԸˣȻǺ¡Уⲿĵ̣壬ҲӵиĵֶΪ
ʥʥ̫Ѿ꣬磬ص۾źʮϲ۾£лӮԪòϼѣƷϼѣ£Ϊ䣬֪ʥԸ֮á
ΤЦ˵
УڴҪ׽ɶŮ׼ҵĴ㣬κʱ׹ϵ˫֮һŦۣ𿴺ЩϷһʵȴ˰ĵķ
ף
΢΢һ㶣漴Ц˵ؽΪ֮ãʥȻûڶŮ飬ʥԼԸԼͬ⣬ǱʥȻּɣҪǲԸ⣬ҲǿȣԼԼѡιԼ顣ԣ£ԭϣʥܷͬսףֻܿԼʥҲһԶ
һ㣬൱ġ
ײأףǸԭ򣬵Ȼû̫ףȻûоܾĵףֻǲӦ׵ŮӼ޳ȥĶѣ׵ĹŮԣԲסԼĻ£ԸӭȢҲûıҪǾһȨѡԼϲĶгס
һ㣬ǵѡ
ȻѡĺҲҪȥе
Ǿ仰Լģֻǳ󣬽ιʲôĳɾͣǾͿԼģǾԲȥⰲǵǶŮһء
ɣʹŷش֮ʱʥһͬУǰذݼصۣ뻪Լһ棬Ե֣ȻˮɣûԵ֣ҲɴҴףˡ
г漴˵
ãܽףضΪһμѻ
ΤʱϲʾС
Ҳд㣬ֻҪǰأͻûжۣҴҲֻһλŮŮڶܱ࣬俴ϵĶ󣬽ףȻʮþȣеġ
飬ǻᰲŵ׵
ţȻˣǾô¡
еͷȷ
ʥһ֮룬ϣʥܹӦ
ͻȻ˵
̫뽲
Ŀڷϣ˵
ŴײѧӰټңѧɣ˲żüã߲Ŵڶ࣬һָʥأԣǰҲҪǰѧнѧϰһʱ䣬ϣʥܹ
һ˵
ܸܵеڲѧȷʵʮֿУѧϰһǴ˼ǰأܹܵױǨһ֮ء
ܽУһĪĻԵ
ܹϸԵ׵ʷ̡
ԣѧ壬壬ԽУ̫ȻҲСһ񲿻ΪþˡЦŵͷԴ˲ûơ
ѧĿģΪ崫ֻ֮ҪﵽӦʸ񣬶ǲֹġ
ûʱʹȥ󳯻Ҳɢȥ
ͬʱһϢѸٴݵ׸ɳУɳҲʾڣƽġѪаװ겻ή飬ֱӸ֪¡
󣬾Ϳ׵ʼԦͼڴУ֮һ׹⻮ܲ׷أһһĿʼꡣ
ֻһ㣬˲ô׾ڵѹϢһɨգɢ롣
첻꣬Ҵoܹ֤ܽ꣬˳

嫺򣬺
ɻϣ޴ˮܹĳĻԻȻˮ⣬ܿɾдϺзķϣɿܱߺ֮Уûж˸ַֻ·ţײ뿪ܱߵˮ壬Ҳ֡
·һַ״̬С
ڣܿǸ費ϣɽ亣ζݻ
解鲼ף
ĸУ¼ܹġ
У˿̺Ȼܿ嫺ϣһƣһ߹ۿĸ衣һˣǾ޾ף
Ӱҵϣ·𿴲κ
Уԭȵ׳־飬Ѿƽ
Աߣةң𣬰˯ѡ
¡
һзӴ˽дʹǰ繫ҲһͬˣŴ챦Ѿ
ʲôûˣдʹߣ
ƽĿ˲һĨ⣬Ȼվ룬ʹǰ֪ͨȥӭ̽ףɵֺҪȻСǵĹͷ
дһ˿


2061 VS
ȥӭáϾ
첽⡣
ڰݿɲһ㣬Ǵеʥݵλνޱ󣬷κεطǻᱻܵӵͲֻ嫺ǰңҲҪ֣˿ݵλת䡣һľǴ׵档
ڴ׾ڣȻף׵ĵʵжôǿ¡Щ꣬ǽһ񣬴ӵССһֱŵʮ̶̣̼ʮ겻׾̰˴ýаܱ߽Ŀʵ
׵ʵÿնڱı仯ֱǳ
УҲʱעŴ׵仯֮ĻнڽУԴĻͨ׸ĵҵ۾
Ѫ߹ȴҲҶԴʲôõ˼
ϣֱĽ
ֻϧ峷磬صˣҲõֻҪסͿԣģܲ־Ͳ֣ǸòҪմȾ˵ע⡣
׽Ȼûô˼ɣϾף׹ϵһ㣬˭˵
硣
ܿ죬ͿӰ߽С
ϸȥǴʥһۿȥȻɢһӺԭĹѾϣһ㶼Ĺǣֻڴ֮䣬ԲܵңϣҲһεϣλϴı仯
ãԽԽƯˣǣǶĽѡߣ𻰣ļңûʲôþġ
ЦǺǵ˵
ǼˣۣǺۡ
ةŰ磬Ҳ¶һĨ顣
ãˣý
ʱһ𣬺ȻܿϢҲ˹Ű磬۵һĨʣ׵ѡӦŶԣȴð컯ֱ벻ʶѡҪǵһ£δزһףʱ򣬳ΪʥһԳΪˣݵλýȻͬ
Ĩʼֻһûб¶
¶Цݣȵǰס֣һ׽ģ
ü棬ȻһϲһԣĴʹߣһ񲿹ԱΪǱθΪ˰氽һʡףڣҪ񲿹Ա棬ʾӡܣûнѡһԵƫûдɵ¡
ڣƽʳȣϰ
һʱ䣬Եʮ֡
ңǰةҲһ㡣
ãôʱĪʲôҪ£ʥܵ۸
ҿѯʵ
ΰԵʮͻȻȻҪһеԵɣ϶򵥡
ʥڽദǢûѰ͢еЩĶǣȻܵ۸ЩģڴУúܺãʥҲҳ谮мӣһͬʡ
˵ţ¶һĨԵЦݣ漴˵ǰȷʵһҪ顣
Ŷʲô顣
ϵЦݣиȻѯʵЩ档
֮ǰشҲΣѪֹҴ׾Ȼ꣬ҪҴ׳ܰɺ֡˾٣Ȼ޷Ҵ̫Ӱ죬Ѿз׵ѩѲӴף֤꣬׷˳ʵҲͬ衣Ӱ첢󡣡
Ц˵ֻС˵뵽壬绽꣬츳ͨƲ꣬ټ򵥲Ƿ׵oҲѷɫ硣λҪʴ磬û뷨Ը⣬ȫԽͶ֮УƲ꣬ҲһŹ£ɻô˼
УѾǰĿ˵һ
ûб¶κǿӲ̬ȡ
ʲôףΪƲ꣬ĻҪǾ𡣻У嵽ؼ䶥ǿ壬¿ѾǼףԶͷƽ׵˴һͷĿ档飬ҪǴȥҰңҪ²С
֮䣬æھܾ
ףʲô𣬻ʹһ㣬ĸ߰ʵǽܲˡһôˣԺﻹȥ
һ·οҲûǵ̶ֳȡ
Ľ
ѪеĽ
磬һԪ˳ļԪ˳֮ؼ˳ˣǵ壬죬ˣľԳΪţֻҪϵõ˼ӳ֣ٶ˲ԭȵʮǴﵽϰٱĲΣһ൱ʮΪļӳ£ֻţ콾ֻЩ飬ͨһΡ㿴СڵΪΡ
絭ȻһЦ
֮һ
龳ö㾹ȻѾͻƳΪ龳ǿߡŶʱ䡣
ȴĸܵе仯龳ǿҪ֪壬ÿһҪͻƣҲҪԼʮ꣬ϰ꣬ǧʱѻ
ײŶ꣬ȻͿԽһ󾳽磬ﵽ龳
ֱǲ˼顣
ӵкԴҲ龳Ҫ֪ǰʱԶģڲϣҪǿ
ֱ仯벻𾪶ѡ
ףô棿
˼˳ҵλĺôһͿʮ꣬ϰ꣬ŴײϽҵλӳ֣ǿ󡣱ʥû׼壬Сһ䣬Сûѯһ´磬Ǵ粻Ը⣬ҲûʲôӰ֮ĹϵΨһϧľǴλѡ
ƽ˵
ãܷп뷷Ϊ׹ޡ
ѯʵ
ܣʥû뷨ҪȻ֮ǰѾˡ
ҡҡͷ˵
粻ڱá
Ȼʮ־ᣬǸӡ
磬֮ǰʥ˵ףõ뷷λң׼壬ֻ漰Ʋ֮£Żᷢ帺Ϳԣײ屾ܵõҵλͬں㹻ء
ٴ׳һѹĵĳ롣
һʮĳ롣
ܵõˣУһ޷ܵ棬Ǹߵľ磬ǿΪʵǰٻ
˭Կܡ
ҵ඼ھ
ңҲǰ̸Ҳ¡Ժ򣬶ὫʩȥٴηųһѶϢ


2062 
˵£Ǹ߰ңͬʱѡĶ󣬲ֻ嫺һڲУҲǰ̸Աֽδؿԣ˳˼ӳ֣ӵõϿɵݣɳףܻȡ档ֻһ㣬˭ܱ֤岻ᶯġ
Ҫǣôһô
ȻֻһŵȴҲԱ棬٣Ĳ˵ϣȥıʹǺӵȨǳ׵׵ĳ
ӣǸĵλˡ
ãӵǰ⣬ĲҪκ飬ɲҪǳʲô⣬ļˡ
Ǿٴѯʵ
Ϸԣʥ׿˵Ȼģ١ֻҪӦ뷷ͻᵽʱ򣬴Ϳܴҵλ˳֮
Ц˵
Ѿ֪Ѿ౻˵ԼĴ磬ǺԲǸƽˣõҪǲץסᣬǿɳɣһź
֪ڴУһıΪҺֽҺѪԭõѪõɱ䡣ֲҺֻн֮ڣӵжһʸʮ棬ǶѪҲɱĹЧ
Ѿпʼҡ漴ӳһѹƽĳ롣
ʲôҺѪõɱ
̲סһ
Ҫ֪Ѫǿͬʱĳ̶ֳϣѾעδѪĸ߹ǿӰδɾ͵أһעˣ磬ҵѪǺǿȻͳֻצûлԵ컯Ļ󼸺ֻצ
ڣȴиıѪıҩ˲䣬ٴ̲ס
ζţͻƵצпܴﵽצĲΡ
飬ֻҪһ룬ܸоڵѪҺڷڣ۾ɵĿʼð⡣
뿴
Ц֣ϹâһȻܿѩ׵һӻΪһֻצצϺȻֳֺֺͨ嶼ɢϢһѪϵѹڴУǰҶһϢĸоһѪеĳ
צѪȻɱˡǲҺĹЧô
밽Ŀⶼһȡ
ѪűܵĿ
ǽҺѪɱ䣬ݷ˵ԺòҺ㹻Ļδزܽצ
Ц˵Ҳһ˿
ڵѪȷʵˣңоõûж˿ʥͥеĲҺϳҲţһЩȦʮ˵ӵһŽףͬĽҺֱӶӦеľŴΣҪǾеƷףһͨˣһ졣õҲѪõȷʵ൱һλᡣ
ةͻȻ˵ȥǰϳ˵лᣬԼף˳֮һԪǣֻһԪǴʱиֻѹһʱ޷ãʵҲˣ˱ħս⡣˳еһ⣬лУܵõĳŵѾĺûᣬԲݴϳΪմ˷
ةУǿоصĵλǣеĺǹة࿴ųģة䵽ж֪û˸ҽة൱ͨӵġжмӣƽʱ޷飬ҲѯʣܵõҪĴ𰸡
ãȻҾʹӦˡ
һҧջǵͷӦ

ʥԻдɺ֮࣬ӵƲ֮츳ԸΪնȸأش뷷⣬Ʒн֮壬Կɼף뷷ְȡһƷְһƲ֮£ڣɶƷְƷʮƷʮƷʮһƷһְ֮ⶨݽʥܹͥҵλòִ׹£׼մˣ
һ
У޴Ĳʺźأʥּ鷢棬һһ䣬ֱӴأ½ػǴ󺣣ڵһʱ䣬ʥּеĺ塣
ֱװ׵Ѹء
뷷ĴʥͥλȨأʥͥ뷷ְְֻλְûи׹·չȨǸ棬ǾԽֱӻܵƲáҲ⡣
嫺ּ
ּ
ɽּ

ʥּ£Ȼܿڴ׾ڣһУȺһһӰӦʾܡ
ʲô徹Ȼףܴ뷷⡣ְΪƲꡣ
ҵĹԹԣôܣؼǿ֮һȻ󲿷ѾȥµҲȻ᳼ףĽֱǲ˼顣
ûиĽأι𡣡
׾ڵ̲סŴͣȫֳһŵ飬֮ǰİ塣ǽôܻѡ񳼷ĳŵǣûжʼնǵͷˣѾˡ
̫ˣȻǴǿģ壬ҲҪҴϵ֮ڣʥ뷷⡣ԺĽ꣬ʩУ˵̧۾ܿ
ȫֻ²ܣ˵뿪磬µ࣬Ӧô󲿷ֶҲеһԱһƲ츳ͨһġҲ
ããã嶼Ҵף֤Ǵ׾㹻ǿǱδһǴ׵ġ
װһ飬һ¶ԵЦݡǴиܵ׵ǿ嶼Ҫ¡ʹ
ˢˢˢ
ڸ뷷ͬʱȻܿ׾ڵĸͬʱʼһɹˣΪģȻ˻ﲻɫȴҲﵽɫңţˣ糱ˮ۶ϵںֱӴŴ׶ܱߺͳƿһӾһΡ

ƳϿգӹ̧ͷ­һ̣ԴԴϵ糱ˮڣȻͿڷǣֱǵķȣ൱ˣȫۿɼٶȡ
Ƭ̼䣬Ѿ˲ǧɡ
ǲ˼顣
֪УѾҪӽǧɡ̾գһȻķ


2063 ˮ
У½뺣ͬɣУռݵķΧҪӵһֱЩֻϹڴУڣȴԵʮϡдڵˮ;׵ӰѲȥϾվֻ壬ʵһеĸУɣΪΪ͵ԭ򣬲ڲָˮУˮ壬˸ĴڣӰǳѪеġ¼䣬֮ΪѪеӡǡ
˿̣ף˲䣬Ͷˮɾ޴Ӱ졣
ˮΪΪ
⵱Уֱӹһֱӵϵ
УӺвˣȻڲϼϱĸŨе飬Ӵ󣬱֮壬ֻֻ࣬ڴˣһ֡Ӵ󵽲˼顣
ڴﵽǧɺڲ
һĹ̡
һڴ֮ڣν׬׬½ػǺ򣬶ƿ֮С
пеǱ¶һĨЦ⣬λҪлѪĻᣬûн֮£ö忪ڣҲ޷ҵһ̨סҪȻ治ö֡
ףô׶ԺƿԺеİˡ
õȣ뷷ĵЩˣֱǾţһëֵһᡣһ
򵥵һ뷷⣬һʥּͿԻӴˣʣֱϵڱȻǰǣҪܱסڱɣ׾ôһڡ
׵ʵȫԷſŲǰߡ
ǺֶΣϵ֮У׼ȥ
ĸߣǺѯʵ
еˮ壬൱࣬ǽӦ˳ϵӵṹƾ壬Ҳȫˮ峼
мȻ߳ĹؼһңѾõӦǾͱȻк֣׷ټڴϵ֮⡣ԣҲǺ档
ȻܷβѾһȱڣҴռݴ֣ˮںУҴΪβ뺣ֻҪں׽ǣºҴƿء
һһȻ˵
Ҫں׽ǡ
ĸҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫķΧС˿½ҪѷɫҪں׽ǣҪɳǣ˿ڣٹԱٽʿ
Ҫںײɳǣ½һÿǧһɳǵĻǹֱ˲䱬Ķ޷ġ
࣬һһɳǡ
ƽ˵Ҫú½һȻǲȡģ½ϣҪǸıϰԣֱںףĸı̫޴ɵĺǾ˵ġľٴ룬Ȼȥ
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һһУֻһȴѹǧˮ壬˿档
о׼ڸУһڴ׵ɳǡ
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г˵
һֱӽеֻҪɳںУǾʹţ׵ʥַ׵ڡ
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ѾȥͿ·ƱãνС
£վڴ׵ġ
Դףͷ֮ǰҪһеšһչֳǿ

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嫵ĺ磬棬λãָĺ׺źףɺݵȵȣɢĹâúײڣʮɫܿɭ֡Ŷصľ
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УһֻǣһʳǰСȻ
˿ֻ̣ڣȻܿһͷڵŮӶϣܣһЩŮӡ
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Ȱƽ˵ƽʱϲլԼİУ˯飬ռַıϲ裬֡
Ůգ¶һ˿֮ɫոմ뷷ʥּҲˡȻ֪һ뷷Ӱж٣û˸Ӵ׵Ӱ
⺣Ҫˣ֪ͨȥ׼ǧö飬齨ʹţǰʥͥ
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ô֮࣬
һûʲô˲𣬿ɶ壬ϵȵԴǮ򲻵ģʺ׶
ǧö飬һ֣ںУҵĴڡ

塣
һȺ°ΪߣϰΪˣͨ忴һʮĸоˮУӶڸУǳѣãյĺܡ
еʥּ
һ˫˫ա
ᣬҪѾˣھȻ࣬ǽˣǲںףѵ´ײɣ壬ҲԵ޹ʶǳ֡
ֻǽԼصĸͲ´ס󺣾õϡ
һˮͬķӦ
Щʼ׼챦׳ʾ٣ڱӴ׵ָͬΪһ㣬ڷλãЩǺ⣬ʣ׵㲻УڵĻҲʹ
Ͼ½ظ󺣣ȫͬ硣

ةվһУԶУ䣬ǻۣ·ܿ׺ɣ±Ǩ


2064 Բ
л죬һԪһꡣةпһԪȻ˳ļԪվڷϣҲܷӲҪ˵Ǵ˳˳Ǻô컯ףֻ˳ƶΪһѪȷ磬ڴ档ھͿߵʲôزħ֮սǸһ
ȥݣȥݣ˭ȾϹ֪
£ʱͿةԨǻ֮䲻ȡ֮ģǹةһֱǣ·еԶõһ

У̫壬̫ǿߣĴܼǿߣǰûг֣Ϊ׵ֻûв㵽Уûǵ档ȴˡһ˫˫ڰ۾ˣĿͶ磬ͶסԴ׼ϯ塣
ЩĿиֳŭЩǴһ˿Σֻǲмһˡ֮ƽ
¥¥ˡ
ףˡ
ŴףԲ׳ʱ䡣Ǿѡ
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ȵȻһзգɢҲɻ
αʱͷȥײϾ˭ͷ
Σһ糣
忪ʼϵһگ֮У󣬾Ϳд̤ǰأƲ֮꣬һʱ䣬ضˮ棬ᵢ֣ҲиɺΣ

硣
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ŵӰһ֮Уеϡɴ⡣
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гֱҹаħռݵĿԣǾѣһ־޴ĳ衣
ȵǿ߽еħҳɣǸ衣
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ڲ𿪿ڽɣ׼Բ飡
ҳǾԼڲ飬ˣ˭˵ҪҲǾһ¡
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˵дһ˿ᶨɡʶ˵һУܹء
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Ĭһƽ˵ҲͬϾֵһħҲȫһֵꡣ˭վ⽫ֵ֮顣
Уһ˫ĿɨӣƺҪҳ˭ħ
Ǻǣ˼û뵽ǾУȻҹаħȻħ죬ȷʵҹаħԸվһΪѡħħҹаħǴħҺܸȤ
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аɢһŨŨаЦ˭ҪңǾֱӳ֣һЩССĴԣ໥¼ɣɱҪǴȥǱЦ
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ҿⲻЩϲģǵĽڣɣһ֪ܲ˴ǲҹаħҪǵĻݵǡǾͬģϲĹͳͳɱαΪЩ˸飬϶
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ҪģԴ׵ʥͥǴ˳ȻǲȥǾǶϾǴϣȻǴҲûбҪڣؼ䣬Ҫ˲ܵƿص˳ʥͥѹƣһȵ׽ͥǾǣѹƲΪ֮УӵƽȶԻʸǾԲġ
΢΢ü˵
Ȼ׼ѰνҹħϣҪУҪ¶Ӧñ¶ˣûб¶ô̽飬Ҳ޷ҵôɣǲ
ǺãȻԻȥ׼ģԺ˵
΢漴Ҳûٶһȥ
ֱȥԭأĬá
ܿУԪϻۡһڻۡ
ħУħϵŸһֻֻ޴ħ𣬴ħֱӻΪЩħ֣ħеĴڡܸܵЩħڵϢڲӣһֻֻ鲼ħ硣
԰ɣɰɣܿ죬ǾͿó죿ϵ
ħ鲼ħħħ棬Ц˵
ѪУѪҲڿű鲼ķѪɫ룬ЩѪѪޣһɣ֮ʱѪ޾Կ£һɹһսȻﵽ龳ǵ̨Ρ
׺ƥ
ڵƽ磬壬Ȼһֻֻɫ룬ڴУƺܸܵһɹɺصϢзɳڷ²һֿµĸо
аУһֻֻаĴ룬ſµĽ⣬ŵһµаɡ
ڵȡ
ȵľǸ
һ˳̫ǴײʥͥĴ˳˳ǣҲܲóֵ׼ͨڣǲҪԳ֣ҪȻմȾҵǶܲסɾ֣ʩõһֱͨʽ
Ըףôף˳ô״ݻٵġ
Ҳڵȴ
ʱͻȻͬʱ̧ۿա漴¶ɻɫ
֣ڿ̽𣬾˭ʵ𶼷ֲˣӦͬײεǿߡ
üһĨһ˿ŭ
ոձܵĸоз·һ̽ĿһҪ׷飬ȴ֣ʲôҲ˿̽Ǿйˡ


2065 Ůƾ
ԲǴһ㣬ԾȻܹ϶ոտ϶ķ̽Ǿ磬ǣǶûвѾһεĿӡɴ˿ɼ򵥡ߣĴڡ˭
̫ϣ廹塣
еĶܡ
ԺпһͷɫÿΪʲô⵽ӣûнǵƤ۵ףʵ̫ˣ̫Ŀˡ
ٷŭ˿̣Ҳܷ
УǾѾ뻳ɵĿ֮Уʱκζпܻᱻ϶ΪҹаħеǿߣеҪ࣬ȻǾݵλ󣬿ȴԲֵܵסЩͬȲǿߵѹóܵ裬Σܡ
ǵУ˭ħҲǣԿ϶ȴ˭ųɡ
ɫأԳ
ǲҹаħԼȻֻǣħ˭һ㣬޷ȷϡصĶ̫ˡĶӣǵУ˵ʲộҪγ
Ȼĺʵ̫ˡ
ҵҪ˭ħ֮ǰĴݾߣܷá
Ŀȴš

֪УѾʮһʮһʮġ
ƾ֮գʮһʮ塣Ҳ졣
ڿƾ֮ǰܿĿѧӣһɳл۶
ѧǲѧеѧӣĦȭƣ׼չȭţʩչƽѧѧеĸּգõ֮У֮ϣУңңҵȵѧӣϣŶļ⣬ǰμӿƾ٣Ǿһİաа񵥡
ɳĹ㳡УĹâһ̶ûͣЪ
ԴԴϵѧӿӴ̤˳ڽƳǺ󣬶ǺĿܡ
Ǵ׵ʥǣȻǰһΣǴǰؾѡйûкúÿͷؾסأһΣлúÿһǴ׵ʥǡ
Ǻôվ֪жСʥͥĺġһΣһҪڿƾֻ̤׹ٳ֮Уϴ̨ʩչĻᡣʮֻ꣬񳯡

һѧȻʥǵĺΰ𾪣а¶ģһҪڿƾӱԲֶܿ顣
ֻҪԽ빱Ժ֮ڣסʳȫ⡣һжʥͥᰲ׵пֻҪıͿԡڣͿ˳ǰԺƽ磬ɲι۹Ժ׼
ڳУвܱǰϿѧ˵
Щʥ˽֪ҲѾ档ֻҪ⣬˭֪ƾٵ̣Ѿꡣ
ȻʥʮָȤһжԿƾΪأ˭Ը˶ģӰ쵽ƾٵĽ̫ˡ
ƾ֮£ѧ꣬˾󣬵˵ʢ֪ƾУӿֳٵľţĽشأձصḸԣƾ٣Ͳšʹ׺顣
ڸһ¥ϣȻܿһһߺȾƣһ߿ԴԴ̤ʥǵĸѧӡ̾ģȻǴ̫ӷա
ԱߵģǱˣɻˡ
ڲѧнޣŴ׾пƾ٣ųһɻ˺ҲԱ㣬ʱ䣬֮ҲϤˡ
ƾȷʵܾͲŵĺô˲վһΣҲ֪еѡγٳ˲ţЩ磬˲Ҫ
Ц˵
Ҫĳ˲ţִܹһǣǶԴҪġһΣʩȫµУ°նʸоӪԼĳǳءڣǿʱ
ܲӵջ񣬾Ϳһˡ
һɹ˵Ļַʽƹ㡣
˵һοƾ٣ҲҪμӣ֪¡
պѯʵ
Ӳѧһԣοƾٴ׻Ҳμӡ
Ҫμӣҵ㣬ߵҲһμӣǸԴǸǵһο顣ǵĳɼοƾٵġ
׵ͷ˵
ϢģʮͻȻԴǵʮֵĸȤǿɲǲѧӵܣսľӢγſƾ٣ÿԿһԼѧУܹռݵʲôλȥԼǷµĲܡ
ҪûУȻʲô˵ԺѡԼȤȥ
ҪȻԵҲԡ
һμƽ̨
УŮҲܵ٣Ҳܲμӿƾ٣
տвŮҲѧӵС
ȻŮжǰִһһֻҪŮ㹻ĲܣüȻǴҲܸӦĵλʩչ̨ڴУִһǵŮӲʱŮһУƾŮԶеϸ壬ȺܶӶĸá
ɻƽ˵
Ůӵ٣ѾȺӡ
ݿɿϢһξвŮǰμӿƾ٣磬л蹣ѣСã䣬ССǡѾμӿƾ٣˵ǵĲ˿һЩѷɫ⼫ߡοƾ٣δزӱҪһΣһŮ״ԪĻֻ´ڶӶҪΪ֮ʧȻʧɫǾкϷˡ
ҲЦ˵
Щ飬Ȼ䡣ܶϢùˣǡҪ֪ʲôȫ׾٣Ҫ̫ɡŮУŲٴšҪǷӵĲã˵ãᶪһ
һ㣬൱Ȥ
ˣգҪҪҲμһοƾ٣һҴ׵Ŀƾ٣￴վûĸ̡
ɻЦ˵
ȤĿա
ҿɲǴ񡣡
¶ϲ֮ɫĿԣǽһѵõ顣
ʲôеģֻһ£͸һˣǵĿǲƾܳɼġȫҪҿƾ١ÿԼˮƽﵽʲô̶ȡ
Ҳͷʾͬ
ǾͶл֡
ЦŴӦ
ڶա
ʮһʮ塣
Ժſ
ѧ̤빱ԺУһȥȻȻĴ͵ӦĺУҪԼȥѰңѾλáʡ´ʱ䡣ںУѾ׼øƷ
īֽ⣬гԵĺȵģӦоС
ЩǴṩһк֮ǡ
ƾʮƣĿƣ̻ũ£񣬾񣬹£ҽΣ
һƾԣҪд徭Ҫʫʸ踳ֻҪһ㣬Ǿдۡ
⿼Ĵֹۣ
Ĺ̺ܿ졣ûʲôĻڡڹԺУ޷Ū٣˽׵ġһжļ֮С
¥ϡ
һεٰ򿪾ᡣ


2066 
оǲ۵Ŀ⡣ڿǰŻУⶨĿ⣬ûⶨǰ˭֪ڸϣžй¶Ŀԡзӡֻڴ˿̣ܴ򿪣ҪȻ˭Ҫ˽ԹۿԽĴ
򿪣Ȼֳĸ֡塣
˴ĿĿ塣ڿʼһʱдƾ٣ԣʽʼ
ĿһĨɫ漴͹ϵƾʽʼдֻۣһʱ䣬һУҪ˼ԼҪĹ۵㡣
壿
ѧӿ󣬶΢΢һ㶣⣬Χʵ̫ˣҪҵ㣬һ൱ѵ飬û㣬̫࣬ൽȷѡһѡ󣬺ʣһƵĳɼȻܵͣҪҵȷ㣬Լ
ֻҪ֮Ȼܵõ߷֡
Ҫԡ
֮һǧ
Ŀ⣬ͼѡķ򼫶࣬ҪϤʥĺ壬ǾҪϸ˼˼ȻʫվС¹Ĳۣι֮һܸı°գӰ쵽ʥͥķչҪʩչ̨֮ȣʫʣ̫塣̫ףܴĴϸ룬⡣
һµһĨǿҵȤ
ĵȳ
Ҫ⣬е⡣
壬ȻдصӣҪ˼֮Ĺϵζ󣬴һ
ˡ
ûãѾԺ˸塣
漴Ϳʼʡ
壬ǿ嶦ǿ壬ȴܲǿֽ֮֡ǿ֣һΪǿѪǿᣬϣռݾ޴ƣ֮ǿѪ֮ǿһΪɳǿĿԣɳԡ

漴һƬǴѪϣɳԸǿ֮򣬻ʵУ׾֮ദ֮ܽһ仰ǿ岻壬ǿʦ֮ġƾóѧϰ츳ѧϰǿĶ츳ΪԼĵ̡ձøǿ
һƪۣӸ֤дǻؽ壬˹֮һ侳ĸолиͨȡǿѪ֮ķǿ̡øǿ
ڹԺϿգܿн֮Ƴգϱá
һӹԺڣѧߣܴ翴ָһۿȥԺֳ֡
ʢҴУ˲űͲ֪һΣܹӱ
üӡ˸ź⣬ŹԺеľ󣬰ԵͷԺڣӰټҵʥ͵ųâ
ʥ
֪еڣƳ壬С
ۿŹԺڵĿˣһ¶֮ɫһοƾ֮󣬴ױؽõһ֮ţڽţĴҪϽУϻۡ
ʥ˵һʥλʥӣʥμӿƾٿˡ֪˾٣⡣
ѯʵ
ʱƾеģ֮ǰǶûκϢȻٶӦʱľ棬Ҳ϶Ӱ쵽Ҫء
ǵݲͬһһҲ֮ܵȻҪС
λ䣬ضѾ֪Ҵϵ֮ں󣬴׾ڵĸѾʼƿ֮ڣƿأֻӰɣˣҲһָˣֻҪ΢ͻ޴Ӱ죬һ㣬ǲȡģ¹عˣӲɼˡԣʥ׼ڸУҴ׵ɳǣֱںףں֮ڡصɳǣͨɳǡ֮ǰ˳жȡǣʳǣǵ۳ǡ
пڻ˵
ⱾѾڽеļƻ칤󣬹ڽĶЩɳǽиؽĵرӴʥͥУˣЩɳǵɱ䣬ݱ׼еɳǲ֮ǰһΣҪȫɱ䵽۳ǵƷסֻдﵽ۳ǣžѹһƬʱ̡
ҪɳǽҪĴĹˣиϡĵرֻǣܹӺлȡĺȣȫֵõͶʣӲҪ˵ɳǽͬڴ׵ɳǣ׵ĵ̡Ͳɶʧ
۳ǣԲʲô¡
ʥ˼ǣֻҪοƾУλʥʥܿ˴ﵽһˮ׼ͻɳȥפЩ۳֮ڡǰѹΪʥͥһ
ڼйâһᵽлеĺ塣
ʥʥǴ׾ڵĺȻܽӰֻǸѥɦһ⣬ͻ⣬ҪǴֱӵأҴ׵ϣʵķ䵽Уˮ֮СɽˣƿԼС˾ٴơ
Ƴԥıʾͬ
һƿأô˴αǡЩ޲˵ƿصľ޴ôһƿأ󣬻жôӴ˻۶⻹ԴԴϵġ
ڴ׵壬̫ˡ
嫣һɳѹһƬһɳ֮ѡ񣬾ͱأͨĳ֮ţûʸƿص۳ǼɳǡλʥʥͨˣɣǲѡϾǶħսϴˡųȥһδһ¡ǽмô
Ҳͷʾͬ
ɳǣسҪأѡߣȻͨˣݻʵˣʲôǸֵεѡǵݣһȥû˸Ҳ
ţɻ֮⣬Ҫѡʱⶨһ˭ʺϡ
еȻһЦ
Сһβμӿƾ٣ҪһֻҪвܣͻӦ̨֮ݣֻҪһӣǶûл̳У⣬ʩչ̨ܵлǡͿʲô̶ȡѡԵҲѡһ
£УҲҪ֮ʱˣҲȺ˳򣬴׽˴ƿأЩڶСһֻ¶ҪȲˣҪ֮ǰʱ䲻㣬ûмȡԴֻѾ̲סˡһȺСһ
Ժһͷ
Դ֮ǰĽƿأʮ򣬻δĵ֮⣬ʥЩģǶ̥УԴûл۵ߣڳ챾ԴϾͻʥŮһȻǲܱģֻԴ棬ٳ֮⽵ܽĵ۷塣
οǲżһΣһԾ㹻ǵ󣬸ӲҪ˵׵ŽŲͣ¡


2067 ʮ
£ŮΪ˼һʱֱԼĺӱԴӰ쵽ĳɾͣǲԸ⿴ģӰδǼúӽʲô塣ԣʱ䣬ʥҲƽ˭֮ˣԼ뷨Ȼʱ䣬еŮڲϵĳŸֲԴӤĵرÿ춼ϣ̥ܿıԴӿ콵ٶȡ
һеŮȫúߵŮֻͻᱶˡ
Ҫ֪ϴ빬еϰλŮѾд뻳УԭûлеģҲȺС⣬ЩŮ½ӵϰλŮ׼ҵѪһΡںֻ»ԽԽࡣ
ֻҪԵ֮Уվаǵĵط
нԺе˼°ȥģԼŮһͬʾͺãУȱǵ̨
ʥܱ߽ĵ飬Ѿнˡ
ʱͯǰһ˵
ʱ䣬ֵûţһ̽ǲȥǱܱ߽򣬲̽鱨ÿ춼дѶϢ۹ݵֵУֵڵ鱨ԱлܣɾһЩõѶϢ
ڣܱ߽һ˽⡣
ʱ򣬲Ÿҿ˵
ţ˵˵ܱ߽Ρ
Ҳ׵ͷʾһ˿档
ڴڵȺҲһ档ţǾԲֹͣģһ㣬軳ɣԣܱѶϢĿǴβ׷
һ˫˫Ŀ⿴ͯʡ
ЩĿֻ΢΢ɨһֱۣƿͯʥжݵʥֱܲӻǲҪֱӣðʲôõ⡣ǾͲˡ
һΣܱһʮ򡣻Ҵ׽֮⡣
ͯһ˵鱨ʮΪ򣬶ʳͼڽ򣬻ɽŮ׽Ѫʿֳ򣬹ֵһʮ򡣡
ЩЩǱʹڵ֣ЩֱĽΪ˵õЩѶϢֵʧ൱ǲȥ̽˲֪٣Ū鱨
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׵ͷ鱨еģЩйԱȥչˣгΪˣȻǡǺıϡ
Լܲһܹܵ
鱨Уһ֮أ뵱򲢲ͬ󲿷ֶǷɢ˯ûͳһеĲ壬Ѿͳһһ֮ΪͰ档£Ŵ飬һͳ򣬺鲼򡣸ϢͰÿ춼Ӵɱޣǵʬ壬ٻ£赲
鵥һ£µǣ۳麣Ϊ֣Ǿǲ赲ĿֲƻֱǳģΪֹ˭֪۵ж顣ֻҪһ룬ܸܵеĿ¡£ľ޾Ļ
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Ⱥ˼Ѿô֣Ȼûмȴİһ൱ѲĲǵĺľϻֻҪϻɱˣҲٴ¸ԣԣҪľԼϻ

ص㹻õĻһֱάֲ𣬵ᡣѲһִڡɱ֪һ죬Էֻ±ĳĳޡԣܶ˶൱ͷʹܲжԣǾܱжԡ
ܹͳһǺεȵǿϻǶôص顣Ҫҵǲܵġ
Удߣлˣˣ棬ԶΪҪѾչΪĲΣƻǿ̫ǿԶԶͬʿս
ͯʼ˵
޾ֱķʽˢ۶ʩչʱֱӶ壬ѪбƻǿǣѪĳоͻ𺦵Դͬʿԭ֮һ;ͬ飬ﵽ۷壬վһġ
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У˳ڣֻûȫһͳڷѵ״ֱ̬Ϊǲͥ׻ʳĶŴڣڽУҲŴ壬ݡ
⶷½УΪռļֵͬһǿ֮ƿ֮ڣΪһǿ̡
°Եͷ˵
ʳУ˵жصʳ棬ӵкʳģиָʳ壬Ϊʳ壬ǵڣһֶص츳˵ʳϸֻҪͨƷʳʳܹϱǿֻҪԣܱǿӵиָ츳һ壬ʮǿֻܾʳϸģʳеߣһأܹӵʳϸģʳһԱԻϿɡʳУȰʳǿߣӵݣһʳ壬һԭȵ塣
ͯ˵ʳʱҲ¶һĨŹ֮ɫ
ݴݶ鱨ʳУȫܿԳʳʳħǹͷˣȵȡ˫ݣ棬һ㶼ֵ֡
ʳá
ʳһۡ
Ķʦһˡ
棬ǴһʳˡʳУҲˣһ£տһ£òóԡһȺֻгԣֻʳĿ´ڡΪ˳ԣ񣬿
Уǿʲôó
е˼
һĨ⣬Ȼʳĺõطθڴ󿪣ΡΪֹȤһʳƿ֮ڵĻǽǶô顣
ɽ
ˣ
ʳҲ
߼á
ܺãĽδһ¡
׵ͷҲϣУиԽ
УȺҲ¶һ˿΢Цô꣬᲻еİãƽһþʳֻҪڳ棬Բ˿ÿһƷģȻѵʳеԵʣʳһƫáʳȤ١
ȻĽ򣬸Ҫϸá
ͼڽи鱨ҪΪͼڣͼڣͼڣӵƫͨͼڼ룬ƫսͼսʿ̽飬ͼսʿǶ൱ǿԵƫ壬ѪΪӴ󡣡


2068 
塣һ׽壬ڴ֮УĴڣֱ뵽֮УԾסڴɳУͬȨĳ̶ֳϣѾǴеˡͲƽԭȵʲôԼһ֣ڶĺܺá
ֻҪԸ⣬Щ壬Ǵõ˿Դ
ɽУǻɽ󲿷ɽоСֵĻɽУɽ緢ƵʼߣΪʺͨ棬棬ǻɽĵ̡ǲڻɽˮʮֻ֡ҽǵʳ̽̽飬УһҽݺᡣϢɽǵľۼأʥء
ͯʼ˵
壬أԻɽ壬ҽУ͸ڴһ㣬ԼԦҽݻһУĵطûֲݲΪÿλɽ緢кĻɽҸأ󲿷ֵݣ󲿷඼ĻС
һЩģܹӦɽݡ档
һֱ۵ĸܣƶ񤣬ʮֵƶ񤡣ûռݵļֵ
˽ռݺҪҲô׵顣ջֻ»Щ̫Եȡҡҡͷ˵ɲǺ¡
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ͯЦ˵
ԴȻһԴҪı鲼أǻɽҪԣȻһԾϣΪ׾ҪĽ֮һ۾ʱһ
һҪռ
Ҳͷͬ
ḻԴĽ򣬶ڴ׵ĺôӹɣ൱ҪҪԴԴÿ칤󣬹ɳǣ棬ĵԴҲǺġָı˵˵ѵġԴѻġ
һ̣ȺԼס˻ɽ
ӡ󲻿ν̡
Ů׽УŮ֪ͨŮΪֻŮ׽Ķѣݵλ൱£Ů׾иָͬһдŮѪУʦɳʵҲӣ⼸Եͬһ塣
˵Ů׽ʱͯҲ¶һĨŹ֮ɫ
ǿŮȨϵĽŮѾԼŮᣬ˵ᣬʵ򣬸˳ȫͬģֻǻһֶѡ
ѪһУʿΪֻһе壬ѪЩѪ˵ȱԶڶȡѪ뼺մھѪѪͨѪԽǿսԽǿӵжصϵǵͨѪи
ͯ˵ѪҲʮֵľ棬ϾҲֻ˵ûĿáַ˵൱رѪǿģһҹ֮䣬һ졣
ʿҲ򵥣һʿΪĽǶǫػӢ£ϣҳϡ˴¡ʿʮֿ£ǵĶУ̺ʿ־սϣӢηսǿ
ͯʳ˵
ʿѾʿǾ񣬷չ൱˵ĲΣ˴ʿ־УֻҪһ֣̿۳ңľ־Ϊͬʿ
磬ػػʿʿӢµηʿʿȵȡӵо־ʿһȺֵκӵʿ۳ɾԺɨս
ʿУʥ۹ͳΣڵ۹֮£ַԾλ뷷⣬Ӿоַأֻʿ뷷Ϊ壬崫Уﲻвͬйࡣ
Ҳһ൱ѲĽ
ʿ־ܴ治򵥣ÿһ侫֮
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лʶġ
׵ͷ˵
һ˳Ϊഫͥʮʥ֮һһ٣ͳ򣬻ۺ壬ͥ´ڶ࣬ʵˡھڣյĴΪѣΪѪʳĵزͯдݳһַŭ
ܹ˸ͬܡˮȡ屻ͬһ㣬ȡƷ
Ȼ֮䣬ɱңɱ㣬ûжԴֻ֣֮ͬվĽǶϣˣʲôʮ飬ͺ壬Լɱʲôһ⡣
ǣͯ壬£ŭȻ
ģǷģվҪѪծҪѪ
г˵
֪ҲͰˣȻУȻû޶õĵͥȻҪѪծѪ쾭塣
ΪڵĽ򣬴ŴɣҲ߿ٳ˳ֻǣûȫһͳһֻսĽ׶Ρ
ֳУһֶصֳװĻֳװһ󣬾ͻӤڣֲֳװӣֳװӣѿɱ䣬һڣܻΪֳװװֳװһеĸ˵ֳװߣлصƻֳװһαݻ٣ǱҲͬʿڵıơӵĽܡ
ͯʼ˵
ֳǶأӵֳװֳװߣܾгؼǣֳװʮأֵ̽鲻Ȼڻ̽飬ʱƣվһЩüĿ
ֵǹ£ŹֵЩǳаŤؼִиֿµ棬ֵΪףʱ˯ȥӦһ䣬һۣͻ߿ѪָĿ¹ֵȫûκεԡʱ֪ôġ
˵ֵͯҲɫѿֵĵطֵܶδ֪벻⣬ܶණȫͲڵķʽϮķ׽ҪɱǣʮѡЩֵ漰ɱҲ˹
Ƭе飬ŽĳϦһأ
ԣͯʵʮ󣬴ڶһĬڰ˼ţʮ򣬼ǣǻӣǶǿؿ¡
ʮȷʵ򵥣ʵǿҴȣվѷɫֻ࣬Ҫܿ˷ѣռӦò¡ǹֵܽЩֵ죬Ƕȡ򣬾ˮɣ
ڼЦ˵


2069 
ֵȻ죬ֻҪܽЩֵ죬շ򣬶Ǵع죬أڸߵءͽԽǣý۳һšһйֵܡʱ򣬱ʥͶͽ֪ͨͨ󣬴׾ڸţͽˣǰ׽ɹֵСȻɶϾ΢˵
ֵȻĵ죬أڸߵء
ʲôأܹȵۣȵ͵ƳǣֻҪͽתһţùͬйֵԣСĹ쿪ʼںϣɵԽ࣬Խǿ󣬵Щ֪ĹֵҪѹΪŵһ֡Թֵһͽǿɹʹֱ
Ȼ޵пʼһ̵Ĺ̡
β׽ݵѹЩֵҪϸ˼顣
ȻЩвȥǣյĽѾˣеḶ́Ǿͨ͸ŵ飬ҪЩ鶼ˣҪǻкá
ʥʥֻҪܽЩֵҴ׿׾ٶȡһ򡣽֮ƿ֮ڡ
Ⱥ׷׹ص
̽飬ֵڶ࣬ʤ΢Ϊ¾ͿԿʼפֵ򣬽йɨ죬һշ򡣡
ͯʿڽ
ԣ֮󣬾´ʥּţͨͽˣѪֵƽפֵһɳǡʥɳͽšʱһΪϮһйٺ󣬷ſǨ˿ڰաѪǱͬƽִ֮ѪػɱϮ
΢˵
ֵУûǿڣΪ˵ڹֵаͳ£а죬ǾȻջģֻҪɳǣǾܹ׵ġ
Ľ򣬾ڶԣʺϹϾ٣ҪôҪôֱʩչֶΣһٴݻ٣ռȫĥһҸȼĿԡ
ֵУȫԱ߹ռƽżΪֵУûԸȥκϽȥֵĴڣ̫죬մȾϣͺѲֻҪһЩ˸̫ľ֪Ըֽȥ
һôеЩͽ˻Žţ̫ͻԴ׵ĵ̣ȫԳԵһһ㣬ҭšһţһ߷չ߼á
˾ٴƣȻڴ׻ûгĵͬʱռ򣬲οƾֻ֮һ֮ţǴϢͬʱδزܳԿںõġ
ЦǺǵ˵
ͬͬԵַҲԶһҪӳս
ֵ˵ײЧ
Ⱥٴһйʮ顣ռǿ϶ҪռңҪԵĽУ֮ǰ˴ֱϵֿ飬Ȼܱͱ⡣
˿̣ƾھС
ƾѾӦĹ򣬸ˣŵľ޻ңһԲۣ±ȴͷʹѣҲؼ㣬кõ⣬ûа취ʺϵдԵʮͨȻܲμӿƾٵģȻʶ֣д֣ġ
ԳɼãӰμӽĿˣУӵʵɵԵĲ࣬׾ֲȥ
һοƾ٣ʮУҲ˵ʮк˲Żۣһοˣò˵ʷ׳ʣٵĿСʱһ꣬粻һѣһʮ꣬Ҳʮʱ䡣
ÿһ죬Ⱥ۲濼Ľչ
Щ˴¿ʼһɳǣִɳǵĸִ١ÿһÿһ񣬶ԼɳɼӰ죬УԶ⹥ɳǣɳǣκξٶӰڿе֡κβܣԴչֳ
Уʵ
ҪûһĲܣȫԷԼĳǳأ˵ĳǳУѡһ磬Է磬Լı˭ɵѡпƾʮеĿĿСʱܳΪ֮ţִһǣȴΪصĲܣ뵽ӦĸλУͬн
Ǵ׵ϵѾʼչЧԽԽ˲ӿ֣֮ţһΣ⣬Իȡ֮š
Ƴڿ˿ռйۿ󣬰Ըп
ʥȼ֮һʼͽȫϵӺͯʼֻҪԸ⣬нںϣؼ䣬ʷȻ٣һ˳һЩʷ˸ԶԶʷ֤ԼվҪӦȫµʱ
ֳ̧ʥķ˹˵
޻ۣ̳ǰĻۣȷʵռһƣϸλľԴΪĻǳˣڶԣеȺһʱ䣬ͻԼǰؾȺ顣мȡ֪ʶԼǻۡ
ʵϣʷˣܶʱ򣬶ԭȵʱУƶ츳δģϣ̫ţֻЩţûлóɳϣκһ˿ƫƣΪʷ˵ĿܾͲԼǱˡ
ԣûţû˲ţûǳɳĻ
ͺžѵ츳ɳȴͨũӵܣԲ鶼ˣֶʶγӵݵλǹ͡
һϵҪԡ
ײͬ״µϣϵǴСʼУһչʩʮ꣬ΪֹѾʼչֳ˵Ч
ڲμӿ˵˵УϰĶ֮ţһϣչֳ˵ĲŻǺܶͨաȴ׵ӳԼʡ
һЩӣⳡУȻЩȽϾ޵ģϣѧԺѧѧȣȴ̫࣬Щѧѧϰĸ֪ʶȫ档
涼Уһͳһܹƿһǵ˲š
˲ţǶ֪ʶѻġ
˵ȫţǸ涼κη棬׶ᱻɱΡܸõĳҪķзչûԵĶ̰塣
ȫٲóĲ֣׼򣬾ӱ
ӽſƾһδξУǴ׽ȱ˲ŴңǶѧϵǿͶԴ
Ҳ΢Цŵͷ
ѧϵҲܿЧȻʮָˡţףѾȷĵ·ϡ˲ţЩңȨܵƽһӵнݡ


2070 
ѧϵƹ㣬ȥڳѧϵֻԭȵƿصİѧϵĽֻǸոտʼ뾡ƣԴԴϸǴѪڵ֪ҲǰԵͷ
ϵҪʱģϾոռݵĽ򣬿ѧãѧԺֻǸոտʼҪҪʱġûдﵽһʱ䣬˲֪ʶĻۣʹﲻҪʱɡ
ǳڵͶ룬Ҫеһߡ
ŵ˲ȱڣڿֲ󲿷֡
аԳ
ֵϲ顣
ͬʱ껹һοƾ٣ʱ򣬽ٴγһ˲šһεô࣬ɻ൱Ŀɹۡ׵ĸˡ
ӴԺ󣬽Ϊ˲Ŷǡ
ףϧ״Ԫ֮šһϣǷȱִһǣѾܵļޣѧϰĻӦûܼߡ
һǳأǳеĳף֮ǰԲĲʮ־׼ֻ츳·Ǵ󲿷ֶʫʸ踳ϣ棬ϣȻ̸ֽҲ޼ֻƾԼǿǿ֧һɳǵת
ĳ̶ֳϣֻǿĳ˲š
ϸԣϸҲС
һ֪֣ԶԶƲϷḻȻҪʱ䣬пϷǳһʱЩԽֲֻΨһϧǣȻʫ֮ɵ״Ԫ׿ƾ٣ѡ״Ԫȫţ٣ȷĶ̰塣
ʫʣֻڳģû˭ȣǿƾ٣ʫԡ
ףһ⡣
˭˵ŮӲУ侹Ȼ˾˵ĲܣһɳǣУȻľȷʵһŮӣֻϧس࣬㣬ŮӵȱٹԡϣȴŮӵϸ壬ȷʵĲֻϧԵ״Ԫ֮λ
һŮͷͬʱҲǰҡͷ
˵ŮӲܵ٣ȱһЩ䣬ѧһһֻŮҵԸ񣬷ɸһƲˣǾԵ״Ԫ֮λ
֮ǲ֮ǧ
ʵģЩʷˣһᰵ꣬һڴ֮ͨңʮߣͨѧϵһ·ѧãϲѧѧУλǰéԣͬУǶǳͣйĿԾһʮ
᰿ȫţĵϣǾϣ޲׿츳ϣͬӦ֣ѧеʵϰᣬǰɳʵϰԼ֤ѿɳܱ΢ơò˵ÿζвСջ񡣵ΪֶֹΣѾ൱Ĵ
ѧãһʼˣȻȻľӱ
һ콾
ߵĵ֮·ڣѾͻƵͼ۷壬ʮۺһֻҪһٶ壬˲ͻƷླǿڼѧĹУٳɳǿ
һΣ⣬᰻ӱռͷȡ֮λ
ᰲ֮ţȽȥɳִһЩ꣬ȫԵʥǣţִһδزܡѧϵʤͨͥԷɳˡһнпܡ
ҲǸп˵
ӽʷ˵׷ڴУѾ᲻ϵıͣӰ½ѾǴһִơ

ʱȻš
Կƾٿʼ֪УѾȥʮ죬һӹԺ߳ϵı鶼ǧ˰̬ܹܵЩ˵鲢ǺܺáȻԼһڿеıΡ
Щȴ¶ЦݣһŨŨš
ȻʮƶԼܹڿƾУȡһΡܶ඼ѾƶԼܹ뵽֮ŵеС
û뵽û뵽̫׾ȻҲн죬ʲŸ߰˶ȴ˵ǳһɳǣ޷õǲҪʦֻ֪»ᱻЦʦԣһԪ˳ļԪͶ˳УԵ˳İأᵽʱĳףʱĳ
̧ۿգȥ
ʫɣȻ䵽ֵزʵ̫ˡȫ̡
աܿ졣еĿƾٳɼѾ֡
һŰֱƳУңͬ
ף״Ԫᰡ
ۡƷ塣
ܱ̽ʡ

ǰһҫϡһŰ񵥣дﵽε˲ţʣͬҲ֮󣬾ͽ˲ŴģһµĽµɳǣǾͻǲȥһݰϣϰģֱǳ
Ҳ˵ϰߣϲãϹЦݣߣʧǡǧǧ̬˸п
УǸп࣬ҲμӵƾУԸܵ׿ƾٵ⣬ǰȥһǣĸνĲĲܣߣλߣٴɲϰ
μӿƾ٣УҲԹһǣȷʵҲһɳаҵȥֻϲ˰񵥣֪ϰҲ޷ǰéֻܴεĵزǺεȵĿ¡
װףȻɲ⣬ѧϵȻ˳пĹߣȵشغһҪƹȥôĺôʵ̫ˣ֧ųξðٲʢѷ
а¶ġ
ߣжɽӵЧ
ȫнľ޴ֵ
ֽղûоʲô˼֮䣬ȽȫǴٽչýݾгɹľǰ棬ΪʲôԸΪء
÷վ̾ǣμӿ˵ǣԷӹš
֮ţȻʥѪ
հԸ̾
κһ棬ǶǶš
ܿ죬ʱ֮š
ƾپϺûãʹſʼأһͬصģףʹأΪ޽ԼˣͬʱҲǰȥع׵ġҪˣǰȥͿԸΪƸ˿Եͻ
ûãѾʮһһ졣
УһȻޱȡ
̻ҫһҹգȾɲҹ졣׵İ˴Уףɷָ
ʱ䳹׽ʮԪ¡
һɳȻϢĽֵСѪǸƽ뵽ֵͬʱһõųɳڡûͨڣͽˣŵӣͨ󹩷ʼɳǡ
ܱߣйаϱ׽нУɵһֻٺȻɱ䣬Ϊһͽ
ͽš
֮⣬ףԵʮƽ
£оɳǳڸ֮ϡ


2071 ޷ȷ
ÿһɳǶɢ˵ѹɳڣȻܿӵд˿ڣﵽǧ֮࣬УдĽʿսǽϣŴĴ󣬸ָķĴڣǽ棬Ǳ鲼صķģֱװݣеһУ޲չ¶ЩɳǵĿսÿһǵ۳Ǽɳǣںϣܸܵ޾ѹ֮ϯ
ţЩɳǾֱӳźгûȥ
ȥͬʱȻȻģһƾտɳǣ⣬ɳ棬ˮѹ·ȫɳɲκӰ죬㻤֣ܹκˮͬԴӺˮмȡóаգȫɵĺܵκӰ졣
ͬˮһ㣬ˮȴܸܵŨˮ֮ˮϢڳڶܵʮء
Щɳһ뺣˲䣬ڴвƶ֮ڴ׵ϣ֮ɢݳȥ
һٶУˮ˲䱻𶯡
һĿ⿴Щ뺣еɳǣţͿУ޷·ᵽѪζһ˷Щɳϯȥ
ɱ¾֮
޳ɳǣ·𣬿˲ĵˣҪݻ٣״ɷ档Уһ̣޳ģ֮󣬼ǰδУ󣬴󺣣ں޵ĵ̣ںУ޵´޵ʤ޷㣬˿̣ɳǵĳ֣ͷ·ֱӳں޵ĳѨС
ͼбܵĿɱ⡣
ĶɳǷ
Ȼ棬Լ䣬ܸܵһε־֣ź޳޳ʼΣɳǷ
Ȼ򣬶ķӦɳѾ׼ǽϣ鲼Ĵ׽ʿܼĴķĴڣɳǣͬһֻµĴһɺ
ʿĶ޳𹥻ܼµĴ󣬺ƵķĴڣ޳ϣϽ޺Ƭǹеķӵȫϧ޳𹥻ײڽϣˮĽ磬ùʮУĥųɣ·˽ػ
ǵۼɳǵǿ֮
ÿһ壬Եͬ鱦ǿȡҪƻ֮ѡ󷨽磬ˮ뺣һ󺣵ĿҪȻҪƿ磬졣޳޾ĺޣƲ磬Ǿͱɳǣ֮ʦѾһжȫ
õķ󷨣ˣɱ֤ԴԴϣ಻֧ɳתҪɳǣѶȴӡ
ǿķڣǽϵĽʿҪֱӶⷢ𹥻Ϳԣĺޣֱݰ㱻ݻ١
ɳ뺣
޳ϮҹսУѪɺӡ޳ϵĹɳǣգֻºʬ˷ӣƴ޳֮
ڱͬʱҹĴսУ׵춨ɳںеĵλ
Ӹˮп̽Ŀ⣬ȥ·һӣɳǽ뺣ѾΪȶʵ
ûˮٶ֮
ԣûá
ŴɳǵĽ룬ڵˣ˲䱩ǣһֱ֮ǰ͵̬ɺˣÿ쵮Ʒףڷ
ɳϿգۿɼٶȷǡ
ǧɡ
̧ۿգͱﵽǧɺƷſʼƽȡ
ٶȺܿ죬׵̣ȷʵǷȥʥͥ۷壬ңɼ
ĸߣգһĨɫ
ʱҲڲϹעı仯ģ£ÿɢˣϺ󣬶¶ʮɡٶȺ񲢲죬ɱˣǽɫˣʥͥˣ㵽۳ˣʮɣɣǸࡣ
ʥͥ˼£Ҫﵽ֮㣬ײ⣬ֻҪĻۣԶȹʥͥһлۣ٣ϣﵽ£ɱıԵңŴ׼ŵĻٶȣټԴԴϴˣʱ䣬Ȼǰ۵ͥˣ¡
Ҫͨʥͥ˵ǰ꣬ǧ꣬δݻۣҪģռش壬ԴԴϵΪṩˡ
һ֣ͥǶϷҪ׼̫֮࣬УҴһҪֻͥдﵽֱͥһΣյ
еȻһЦƽ˵
ɨ׾ڣıˣͬһһ׼еĹ߽ƣºκƿصĽ򣬶оͿԡ
еһУˮɡ
ڤǱѾϢˣвƻˣҪȥһˡ
ĸ˵
ڤ棿̽нˡ
׵ͷ²⵽񷢳ѶϢԭ
ûгɣƻҪĹؼıϢˣȻҪһʱ˽⡣ͨƣֱӿԽգڤѪС
ǵִʱȻܿڣѾִ
ڸԵλϣǳĬ
ԵЩѹ֡
Ѿˣƽ˵һ˵̽ľ
ڤ滺˵
漴ƽ￪ʾ
ֻ̣ʯ̽磬ûеõõĽзʥˣ䱾ԴأҲ޷ֻ̽޷ϤԴʯϣңӦֶΣûпУ˭ҹаħ
ƽɢƽ֮˵
ȷʵѾ۲ϧʲôһ㣬ҲǵĳйأԴϵô׿ԿƵġ
ʲôƽﶼ޷ƾĸţֻҪ鷳ˡ
Ҳζ֡
ڣ϶¶һĨ˵ʵڡ鷳̫ˡ
ҵ쾵ҲղǵĸţֻǴп̽Уȷʵһ˿ҹħҹħڵУǲ𣬻ȷ
Ű΢ջǿ˵
ѵħ
΢΢ü˵
ƾһЩħܿ϶ʲôֻ˵ɣǣҪħܻ᲻עԼôԼвһ˿˿ҹħֵ˼
벻ǣڣħǿ϶ģ˭ڻ̽鲻ǾҪĴ㣬ǾǾУѣҪ˵Ǽеĵˡ밴ռƻԼ¶ţΪȷǵݡ棬Ҫ׳
ڤһ˵
¼䣬ĿҲС
ȻҪõס
׼
ƽѯʵ


2072 Ҫѹ Ǿ
𲻻Ŵ𣬳ɳԣֻҪдţǱǿƣǾصħ϶Ӳһ˭˭Ǿеħ˭ֻҪ֣Ǿɡڤ˵
Դ֣ǾΪ֪׶Ծĳ̶ֳϣ𲻻ӴױǿͻƽͥһͥԾͻ޴вв˭Ըԡ
ŵĻҴڵ̣ҪһڲŸո˴Ҫ̸Ҫţ죬ҲҪʱҪ㹻ɳǣҪ˿ڣܳţ·С£ҪҴţҪڰʼ
ƽ˵
·С£νΪҪţھͿԣ˲ŴԭȵĶ̰壬ѾֲֻڳԭõĽ򡣵Ȼ׵
ô
ڤ΢΢ʵ𾪵ģѰ˳һǶҪϢʮ꣬ȫƿأҪ»˿ڣɴȴֻҪһ겻Ḷ́ţݵ̣˿ηɲ
겻ʲô֮ǰѾ׵ԴôΪʲôڻûһ׽еħӦòӲһļʣϴ׽ͥĸ磬׵սܷħ
ڤ˵
ûа취ȷϵ£һּõİ취һĳɹʡ
ãȻʱԣδؾԸֻѾ֪׼죬ѰҾеħ˭ױ¶ǲǴ
г󣬻˵
Ľκʱжԣ֮ǰûнֻʱ䲻ɶѣҲûеֻҪڽͥǰźһоСȻǰɱ䣬Ҳûкô٣ӵɳеԪ浽ͬĶ츣أɽɾһ
ĺô֪
İգǱĬ£ӵĺôǰҲûʲôԡ
һԣ뱣֤Сѵİȫ
ңɢ׵ͷ˵
ȻҲã¿Գԣ̫̣ʲôⶼпܷҪеħǽͻȻɱ֣Ļƻ̫£Уδܱ֤Ȼ
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׻жÿԽͥǴ׽ͥǾ𣬾ԲӲܣʱһ֣ҹ粻гǿ˳κͥӵױȵսǱͳһУ˫Ǳ¶ҹҲһ֡
ڤȻ˵
ҹӵһҲԲ˿ĽǲҹĴС
˵ĻۣһһϦɵģҪʱҪӴĽṩ˿֧֡˳֮ͲǶϷһһУӰù˶ԣҪͥҴҪʱлۡ򣬳ĻԵҴ˴򣬺ѷı䡣
ҡҡͷƽ˵
Ȼʵ֣ȻὫʱ˵οҪʱĻδزǺ£ʱ䣬ͥԣֻ΢
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2073 Ը
еľۻᲢûг̫ʱ䣬Ǳ޷ȷ˭ħԭȵļƻֻʱбھͿܷԴԷǲܣǾҪȴͥһ̣ʱľսʱ̡
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һâĸѾͶǰ


2074 
׷ſڼ䣬ľͽĸȥ·һֱܣܵĸоͻƵľһһźֱܣԥǵĸأ֪ᷢʲô顣Ƿʻ󡣡
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ϢûҲûĿùһ϶ֲָֻͬ»нѡ
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һ죬һֵܱдݶǰ
ʥڰˣдʷ
ͯҵкѸٽһܱ˹ȥ
ڰңڰУȻֺڰҡ
нӹܱһۺв¶һĨʮֹŹֵı顣
ڰԣҲӡʮ̡
ǵһεִĽ򡣺ڰУŹĺڰϢʮֵĻңڰ־Ϯңɱ¾սƬľ󡣿
꣬ںڰеһҪǴΣҲԵ֡
ڰ̳ԴȵȣԺ¹̵ӡ
ֻϧʵ̫޷̽иءֻԼ²⵽ڰУһҹĶħ
ȷ̸
Դ̶ǰڰ̵ͬʱйغڰ鱨ҲԴԴϵĳŴ׻۶ֵ̽ǱؽȥھŸܡ
ݴݶϢڰУŴЩУȥ᳹Уÿһһ⣬̺ԴſµĽǿߡݳֹСޡ൱Ŀɲ
ڰ򣬷·̺Ŵܡ
˼ȵ׽ڰ򳹵׽ʱ̣ȥ׷Ѱڰеܣû뵽ʱ򣬻ᷢڰң⵹ʮȤԴλŮ֪ǷѾ
ԺһŮӰ
̼ǵãԴУǰŮһӡǣֻǣǵӡǣͨǿ֮ŻعʱҲʧˣϾιȥģֻһηѣعʱֱһʣֻ´ıԴԾĥǵӡǣУпûǹ
ӡʮ̡
ԺڰȤ
΢ͻȻ¶һĨЦ⡣
ϢУȻһοƾҪУ²ûУһжѾ졣ʱȥڰһδزһֺõѡ
ڰң൱Ȥ
͵ȥ棬ɢɢġ


2077 ڰ
ڰںϿʼڰУʼһֻҵ״̬УȻڶ࣬ȴŽթа񣬱ϢһǳΪģɱ¾ɱ¾ᱦԴŮˣȡ챦ɱ¾ң񣬾ɫʡ
һ仰˵˲Ƭ档
Ȼһ仰ǿ߲ܾƶǿߣʸƶǿߵĻΪƻΪǶ˿
񣬴ûоԵĽޡ
ˢ
˿̣ںڰУһΪڰǵĳǳ⣬Ӱƾմ˳ϸȥһɫۣһɫװ˲һ𣬷·ɲŮòһ㡣ǰһһ־޵ĸо
߲Ǳˣ
ڰǣѾԭĺڰˡ֮ǰҪ󣬶ңѾ˳ɳǡûԭȵģͲ֪ڰǳ˭
￴ǰĳǳأ¶һĨĲ
ڰǣУͬޱ̵ӡ󣬵ʱүүΪգҲУʧȥԼΨһˣҲջΨһĸ硣̫̫ĵһΡﲢã˼˵һ֮ǣе壬վǲһ
뿪󣬾ûһٻվָдࡣ
ܿڰǣȵԣѾ˲°ٱռݾ޴Ľ򣬿ģԲѷɫңɲǧ˿ڡǽĺҫħʯ죬ֲϣܹպڰ֮ǿķԱݻ٣ܵˣڰ󣬺ҹ٣ںҹУͻмȡڰ֮޸֮ǰˡ
ֲĳǳأвԡ
Ĳǳأ֪ڰǱĵʮǿ
ڳǽϣȻһɫս׵սʿһųǳأУ·𿴲κֻб飬˭ڿǺ󣬶ܸܵһֱܵĲ·ںڰսʿʱΪɱ¾׼
ܸܵЩսʿڣżǿ
ÿһв񾳵սĿ¡սʿڰУ֪ж٣ǽϣܿвϰ
һ൱µ
޴ĳУܿ鲻Ͻ
壬壬ȫԿѪ壬壬ȵȣֻǣ̤ǳʱܸܵеľη˿ĲɼڰĿУжôҪĵλĿ־壬¡
ڽʱû˸ҷС
ǿһ󣬶ֱڵϣ߽С
ȻǽֹյġһΥֻ»ֿµĺ
ֲΣ
ߣǽȥɣֵܱڰǣڰУҲľ޳ǣȫһǳΪҴͬͬǲͳһǸΪͳһˣһѹµǿߵʹעҪڻɱ¾֮СҪѣԲôס
еȻһЦƽ˵
鱨ѾںڰнУͨҲںڰУ
¡¡
׼ڰʱ
ͻȻ䣬ֻųһ⣬Ȼ䣬ܿһڵսھħ£ԶƿնȥֱںڰϿմУ˿ûй˼ɺڰǲ׼յĽ·أսǰȫû塣ǲڵġ
սϣȻܿһɫսףɫ߰ӰȻɢһֿµսΧһȺЩ¿һƬߺɫͷϳߺɫǣЩҹޡٶȼ죬ǿսÿһֻǶǼֵʮ
ǧˡϢ൱ǿ
Ǿеľ
е鿴һֻ¶Ľ뾴η֮ɫ
ڰʥֳȥˣһ׼ǰ
Ѿϰٴˣÿһζ飬ˣ֪һΣֻòŻʧܶ顣
ഫеĽ֮ΪŮǿһλŮ绪ò֮ʾףһ޶Ŀú󣬸ԸڽгΪūͣΪܹÿۿŮΪˣΪūǧ궼֮¡֪ŮҪʲô̶ȣ˳ԡ
ڰʥӾ˵ΪҪŮŻεǰϧ඼ûм顣
һǿĿú󣬷׷׿ʼۡȻںڰʥӲİ˵൱ϤڰʥӣǺڰĶӣഫһضΪ֮ɫ绯ΪҹźڰԴ١ĺڰ֮ӡ
ʡ
˼龳۷塣ڰʥӲ򵥣Ҹоڣƺ򵥡
̧ۿڰʥӣֻһۼ䣬͸оһʮϤϢƺӴ
Ҳûж˵
һ߽ڰС
Ƿãһʮöڰҡ
ڳǰбĳŹ
ңô㡣
ƽ˵
ʮöҡȥֻ֮Ҫ㲻ǾͲҪٽǮǣҪǮ
Źٿ˵
׵ͷǮˣѾףڰӦĻңҲǺڰзеĻңֻ൱ҵļֵ൱ĳ̶ֳϣұȺڰҪӵܻӭ
ոտһۣڰұڵģɢϢһĺڰϢУһЩԴΪƷΪ
УܿҲ֡
ָ嶼ֵܿߣܿС۸ƷϵĲϣиֿʯƵķȵȡ
磬ѾͨӦúܻӭ
Ҳڹ۲ܱߵ֣ڽףҵģҲúڰңӸ룬ܿҸܻӭһЩʱõңǷߴһ£ڶߣö·鶼òһ
ֵǣǰɱǸͷĵ֣죬ҿǡɱѽ
ʱǰֵϣȻܿԱۣ໥ӣһжսĿ¶׹⣬һһȺ壬ԻΪ档
һ˲ɱһ
ָ岻ն䣬Ѫ䣬档ĿνǴĿġĸζڷ
ɱֵϵ̷̣ȴ˿ûоţֻǿپ̯λõһߣȻһֲֵģվһ߿֡
ȻЩ飬ȫе֡
ңɱҽУѪ
Χ鿴֣кá֣Ľһ˸߲ҡ
ȫ¡
ڰǹȻǺڰǡ
ĿãһĨ䣬Ц˵


2078 ֮
кͿһҵɱǰܱߵҲǺ޲ֵĴ㣬ֻעǰһУѾϰΪܿ죬սͽˣţǽֵһѵʬ壬ûãһźףźɫ·ʿٸʬ壬ɨֵϴˢѪȵȡ
գۼ䣬ҵĽֵٴλָҪǿѪϢֻ£˭󲻵֮ǰһҵս˲ء
ٴλָ֡
Ȼɱ¾ںڰУһ㶼ֹܵ˭жԹܳϮɱɱ͵ԣսڳУÿһ䣬ÿһ򣬶пܷѪȣɱ¾޴ڡҪǲСģû㹻ʵڽֵϣһͻ
ûοԣûаȫԡ´
ڰ̯ʵжǽ£һκβԾ˲ͻᷢһԲǿЦ
߰ɣȥͨСҵ˵
ƽ˵
ڰǣʼնģһεڳУԳڵǱĬӰ죬סˣֻû˻ûմȾѪġ
գȫһŤ״̬
ңڰУںڰңʲôҪҵϸѯʲ֪ǲǰĸĿġ
гǳأ飬ǺڰεĻǾ㱻ڰҳϴҲδһ¡Щˣȥδһ־޴ΣҪץΣûһ޹ġ
аԸ̾
ǵһμȴɸп
ЩҲ˵ҵ˵

̤ڰǵͬʱ
Կڰǳڵλãƺһ˿صɶ֡ϸȥʮ־޴ռݼΪӴͬʱܿκѰ飬·˵һµĽ
ۡأܿһڵۡڡʮŨǰ컹ǺҹûеõһͻгʧЩ֪̽ǱȥգҲûпֹ
Ļ⣬ںڰУһֽɵĻ⡣
ڰе۶޷
ɼǿ
˿ٴνĻͻ֣ᷢںڰУȻŴɫս׵ĺڰ飬ʵãдο죬˷ʤУǾµɱ֡
ײޱȡ
ڳڣһض޴С
ڣһڲϰɵĹųءڹųһڵҺ壬Һ壬ݳаϢ˿ɵһĸоаĶ
ɢһڵĺ
ǽҶɫ֡
ǹųеһöھѡöѣһ޴ĺɫ޵ȴݳһ˿˿ֲѹ洫һİľÿһܵĺһֱ֣ɵ֮С
ѵı棬֯һص
ܿĻͻ֣ᷢڰеֻ֮ңڰϢȻȻĻΪֻѵϡ
ԱߣȻһɫۣɢڰϢӰţžһܱͬߵĺڰ֮
ܸܵʮ¡
УͻȻ䣬һֻڵƾոֻ֡һ棬¶һ˿֮ɫ
Уһ˿ɻһ˿
ĳñʮǿ߽˺ڰǡ൱Ϥĸо˭ѵǸеĽ֮һ˿ɫһƾո֡
֪ΪʲôܵĸоһĪ
·𣬿ĵһ㣬е޵С
ߣȺ֮ȻҪڰңϴڰ򣬼ֱǳ룬ڰվǵģһȺ֮۵ѡҪˡ
뵽¶һĨЦ벻м
漴һööڵħӹųշΧһֻֻƿСÿһöɢĺڰϢ
˲

ڰУһռݼʮΰĸ¥ҡͨСſܣһǿʿأܣܱѲӣκͼıˣֻҪͻᱻϣڰеʿǴĽ顣ſڣдʿŶӡ
߽ȥʱڴ
뿪ʱϲãоɥңһ棬޲Ǿ֣˻Լϴһһ
ͨʵ̫ǿˣԶһҵ飬ȻģôһңԴԴϣҪж١ؼǣгںڰУȻôʱ䣬û˿Ժʼ
˵һʼкܶǿҪǰͨңȴûһɹģֻҪҽȥգûһܻųģһʱ˵ſ⣬ڷǧʬѻɵʬɽ֪˱ŵ˺üجΡ
˵ͨйϵзֺģͲ֪ǲġ
߳ͨе˿УָۣȫܹܵͨںڰеĵλѾվ˽ŸţȫѪġ
ںڰУȭͷ󣬾ǵ
㣬ţǰܿǹվһԡ
㴫ܱڰеĺڰңô¡ڰڵΣƺ󲿷ˣڰҵ顣
пǰƽѯʵ
ʥϢںڰУһܣ֪ģֻѣ΢֪ҲԺڰе֪ϢҲƺй¶ġ֪΢Ѹռ˸һЩѶϢǣڰҷĸԴʼδ̽
һ˵
ϢǷ׼ȷ޷ٷְٵȷ˵м١
ڰǳۼڰǳô
һ˿ѯʵ
ֻڰǳһߣܹһ̽飬Ϊ綼ܱڣԿ̽ʵֻÿμ棬оͬԨǵʵܿ¡
ҡͷ˵
˵˵ڰеĽɡ
׵ͷ˵
̽飬ڰУϰٸЩһ⣬ôʿΪ֮ȴǰĽأ˵ÿһӵһλ֮ںڰУ֮Ϊǿߣɴÿһഫٶ֤εĴܡңڽУ̺ͬѰıط򡣡
һ̶ʱĽԼ̽鵽˵
Щ鱨ǿԿ϶ģ֮һ֤ǿߡû⡣
ͺڰǸʹĴֱǰ綾ս籩У˵֮ǰŮǷʵδ֤ʵ綾еˣ綾ഫ䶾ͨһײޱȣһж׾ͻҩʯҽ


2079 
սˣ˵ΪѿƬŴҵĿռһͻᱻҵĿռ֮иƬʮֿ£ȥģûܹٻųз籩ķ籩֮ڣиָķ籩֣Щ籩̺Ÿֿµ᲻ɴݵʯڷ籩жᱻ촷ۡ˵˿籩ֻǱıһ£͹εɹѣԪˣԪ𡣺ǿ£˼ɵޱȡ
Ҳ˵Զģֻ˵˵ڰǸĽ
ôÿһ򵥡
ڵľΪֹû˭ܹ˵
֮Ȼ֤εΪսô˵ЩһԪĴܼǿߡаԳ֤һ֣һԪ֤Ļǿ϶ֳָЩ޷ڵġظһֿ϶Ͽɡ
񣬻û֤֡
ʣһԪУû֤ǿߵ
ڵ֤ȻֻһԪǿߡںУʹڵĶǿߣЩܻڣ޲Ǿǿƣ˭ǵжǿνĽǱĵɢݳȥǱĬ£ܱ߻ɵĸı䣬УԼȾܱߵط
صĵϷ
ͬһһ㡣
һ˶֮ǽ
ԣģ޲֤ǿߡЩӿ¡ﵽһضĥĲΡǿߣᷢʲô飬ȫ
һһǶǶĴڡ
ںڰУȴϰٸⲻǽϰٸ֤εĿǿߡǽɰĴڡⲻǳĲϰ֤ǿߣǶһ顣
뵽гĹŹϢڰ򣬶ͬСɡ
ڰܣңпǾĴܡ
аԿ϶
һ㣬Ѿȷˣﲻ˶֤ǿߡ˶Ľ
ڰҵϢҪΪʲô͸¶㡣ֻδû顣￪ѯʵ
ϣ̽һ̽ڰǣǰ̽һ£һΣͺڰҲѡڰǲܼеԱٶȣڰǣشסﲻҪˡ
΢
ڰ̫벻ֲͨе˼ͣȥ˵ϰٽҪڰң򶼻췭ظɵƻǳġ
ǣʥ
ԥĴӦ
Щ꣬Ȼںڰ׬ȡĲƸĵرԴԴϵĳŴͻȥڰУʱԽԽӵĸܵһĪѹ֣ܵСӰ졣ж᲻ԾıøĮ顣ȻΪʱ仹ֵԡ
ת䣬ʿ˵ܹĸо
һȥ̽̽飬˵ǽ֮ǵѡ
ЦŶ˵
ġ
иֳһĨɫ漴ʹӦ
Ǻãھȥ
еͷ˵
˵ںڰ飬ܾ̽Ȼò
䣬ϮڰУʿȫ׼սڰĻ
ҪڰңǺڰǣҪǵסеȫڣΪԼһƴɡ
ʱڰϿմһ
ϸȥУԶһսƿնս֮ǰڰʥӳսǰħòƲƿʱϲϵµѪÿһΣڵ棬ᣬɱǵ֮ܿǰһܹһҵɱܵش
սĲƣ˺ۣǱ鲼
棬ڰʥԵøңͨ屻һڵ֣ϴеѪܹܵ״̬Բֹۡ
ңлУƺһѩ׵ϳ˳ʮѤôʥ
ڰʥӹȻȥ˰ǵŮһôһʥӶѣ͸ȥǽ֮ӻֻŲ׵ĵơ
̧ۿһۺڰʥӡȻУɵֵס۵Ŀ̽˫вϱǿһδεɱ䣬ǺڰʥϣȻںڰʥϣһ䣬ְεһ䣬γʱ˺ѳһѪ⣬˿ϵѪ
˿ǴĿġʮֲֿ
ڰʥӵĺڰǱ
ʿ¶֮ɫ
ʲôڰңеĽǿߣҪɱô
ôжжǿߣÿһܸ컻أϽӣɽء˵еǿߣ뿪һ뿪ͻܵصѹƣǸʹĴۡô뿪ĪǱڰʥӸŭˡ
ڰʥӵʲôȻŭ˿µǿߣ˵ˣڰʥӶ԰еİŮһҪ׷ڳԵˡǡ
ӰɣڰǰɣҿɲϣǼֱ̫ˡ̫ˡ
ڰһƬȻԵüΪҡ
ʿ˸Ĺâ
ˣ˽Լκˣ׷ֻǲϵıǿָ棬ΣʱȻ뷽跨ıԼǴҪġ
ԣڰңһͷ취뿪ڰǡ
ֻϧ뷨һֺ󣬾ͱսˡ
һ޴ĺڰĻųǣڳУƿĻ˽룬ǵõҪȻ˭뿪ɱвеͷǺڰǵĵһػϡ
ǿ
ںҹ֮Уǿ¡
ֻε̤ϳǽ
ڰǵǶİյļΪ׼ûĻҪеʿسǣߣһȥζ˵
һǽ
Ȼ϶ѾڣϣֻͨòڸУ޵ڽֵϣ棬ѼסӰ
쿴ʲô
ܶⶼ˵һƬ
ǴӰӹġ
̤ڳǽϣʿԶһŵһƬ԰ף𺳵Ŀǰ

ѩ׵
ԶǵصӶЩ·ƾճֱ֣ǵأ֮һжǡ
УһоϴоĸԾģҪС
ö˵ĸֱɾ
̫ˣҪˣҪҡҪɡɾңˡ


2080 ̽
ڳǽϣʿ¶֮ɫ·𿴵ҪĻ棬Ȼ󣬾Ϳǵ꣬Ԫз˳Ȼ󴩹ڰĻзɱȥܿĳЩ꣬ϸֳϲݡֱˡĻͶ뵽һСЩȡİܿɢĹâԽ貣ɢӵѤöݳǿջ
գۼ䣬гǧʿϣûС
ð
ͫһĨɫЩ԰ɢͺ־ӲҪ˵ϣͶСǣԺڰʿ˵ɱ̫ںڰеʿǱ⣬ɱ¾̰һ١
еֱǿҵǵԣֵܵסһôϡ
ȻͿڳǽϡϻ¶ԵЦݡ
ֹ̤ϳǽϵʿ̲סһֻоĶǰġָо̫¡ô䡣˭ѹסеĿ־塣
ãʶҪṴꡣ
ÿµ⵽ô¡
ЩݻЩûл֮ʿɶԿҪȻ˭ֵõô̫ˣֱ޿ײ룬Կ⡣
ʿ£ֱͳһֻȡͭ࣬ƴô򡣷ɣԿϧЧǺܺá˲ϣͶ뵽С
컨ںڰ⡣һȥֱá
󣬲ûͣ٣źڰϯֻһУųʥĹâǹâ·ɢһкڰںڰĻϣĻϷ·ǹڰ֮Ľ棬ڰУɣڰڹ±ɢĻ棬ɲǿɲ
ܿ߶ŵλãռ䶼Ť
Ȼ˿ھҽ档
飡
ʱһ𣬳źڰĻײȥײ£ų⣬ţȻըѣΪµ⣬źڰĻĻٴγ־ҵĲһһ䣬ͬʱ£ֱúڰĻҡΣֻǣȻϷĻȴʼձţûǸոձñҲһ̾ͻָ
ʮ㡣
ڱϿڰĻȴҡҡ׹·ʱпһ㡣
Ů㲻Ҫ̫Ҫȥ˭ӵ˺ȥСԣ㷢йһҲˣҪȫ濪սܵôΪڰôŭҪȻùƽĽ
ڶŽʱڰڣͻȻһĻ
Уݳһǿ
ߣڰͷҰһЩĵľٶѵôΪǲ֪ǵĸţǵĴڣ񣬵ţǼڰңϴˢһУڰ»ָع;㡭Ӳġ
һĻдݹ
ǻԴһ˿ڵĵ⡣
ǽҪڰң飬Ҫ˵ǲ졣ǵļƻǲɹģڰУ鲻ǵóѵġ
ڰȻ˵
ߣʵǰһжڰҷ֮գǺڰ֮ʱ
Ů·мںͺڰ˵Ҳ·Ĺ˼ɣڻº󣬺ȻܿۿɼٶȣԶȥ·һӣͳŰջءգۼ䣬Ѿʧ
ǳǽϣǧѾʧȥʬ廹ǰĻֻºܶ˶ãոֻһجζѡ
໥һۡ
ɫдһ˿ء
·ͨС
磬ô
ѯʵ
ڰܣֻºոպڰŮȻûֱӴϿʣŮȻ֤ǿߡںڰЩԿ塣иĹŹ֡
һ˵
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ܿϵϢ֮ǰҪϲ٣ⲢǱ𣬶һ߷ѣȻûʮɵҲܷӳ׵սҲͶӰڷڡֻҪԸ⣬ܽʱȻܷӳǿս
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һȥ󣬾ͷ֣Щڰڣ·̺Ŷصɣ棬еĸָڲϵķŴǱܵļе
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һǸ߰ϢĻ
ʮ΢ʵǿҲ
ߣ֪ŮŮҪ֪һ仰ɫͷһѵҪǿƲסԼҪɾֻͣ롣
һϵ


2081 һֻ
ô졣ŮԱ¶ڰҵͼԲ׸ģܹǵĸôһ¶ȥֻ²Ǻ¡ڰУϰٸЩ֮ǼΪ¡ֽĻǺصסڰʥӿ˵Уһֵ֮ɫ
ߣϹʲôڰУѡĽڽʱѾһoںϡκʱ϶еoţ˭ܷ񶨡ʥ˹ҲһĽϾĺҹ֮񡣰ҹסǣͬӵְ񡣵õϿɡֻҪǲ˵ȥ˭ܷǵĴڡ
ڰЦ˵
ǵݣиɻġûκ
˻ɣҲκ˭ڴϹڦǡһƤƤûƣ˭ҪڹڽжԾ򣬿֣ǾͳˣؼĹء
˵Ķԣ֪ϵħΣһħڰУη塣Щʱǵġ˭ȡ
ڰʥٴѯʵ
ģϴϢҹħѾҪɹһɹħǾܴԴԴϵħǵĴӪԴԴϵĹռǽὨǵ˳Ȼ˳ΪһΣǾĵط״ݻеšɱһϣ
ڰȻ˵
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ǰһ̤Ѿ̤Уڹâһʱ֮˸һѾʧǵʱ֮ţҲɢϢ䣬Ѿӽдȥ
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пҲһı˭Լӵе̫ࡣ
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գգգ
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붼룬ּ䣬ԥͽǰһԴɽͱȡУֻսУΪ
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ּ䣬Ϊһٳűзɹȥ֮һһƾʧȻǲ鿴ʱ˵ģԺٲ鿴
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ڣ챦·ܵ޷ֿ𶯣漴ͿһɫƷֻֻ۹ȥһֺ󣬶ʱʧֻҲƾʧ
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üͷһ壬дһĨɫֻɫַڴӱ͵ȡַΪ죬ǺڰҪöĻô͵͵һ۾͸һ͵Եĸо
ţܽⱦ֮Уɲһֶοһ˳Ͳ֪˵˭׵ͷйâһ
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һֻ̣ߵĿռһ˿һɫ֮ǰ
նܣƷˣ棬Ǿֻñˣҵ˺ڰǵı⣬Ҷ౦Ҫˣͨ˵ڰǸͣһβøʹ죬Ҿ뿪
ֵ۾ڷ⡣


2082 ǲ
ʹˣڰУأкɫ֣ң۲쵽еĸֱһͽڣûпÿڰȡķãǶǳضģ龧Դ٣ɳ龧Դɶǻںڰڡ챦
Уб⣬Уһд챦
һ뵽Щ౦۾ڷŹ⣬֮ǰǺķ˲СĹǱУ˫صͨ鱦ͫҵɽһ۾Ϳɽαװѣһڼɽ֮С
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ͨ͵졣
ֻ֣͵֣֮Ҳеֻֻ֡־ǿʵ֮任תɫԱɽɫҲԱޣΪֱ֣֮űܵĳ嶯
һ֣صĵطٿµĽ׶ȥ
ովǱ鲼ƣܹ״ȥһ׾ٵóᴥκνƣ֪
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ͬʱֲħ⣬ֱӳɢһ޾ŭ
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ҪңҲǹģָֻܿƣûҪ͵ʵ̫ùˣ͵ģ͵˷Σû͵ҰһҪҡүԸģԲǹġ
һҵıҹ
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뿪⣬̧ۿȥȻܿһƬңֻһڷӶݣ󻹸ӣͨͨһʳ¯ġ
ں棬һֻ޴ĺڰƴƣȫҪһ


2083 
ڰУƺܿ޾ĺڰۣ֮ڰĸֳɺڰճ·̺һڰ磬ޱ޼ʣޱߣ£ͺһϵ£޴ɲѹ·ѾԽ˵̨һԷԵѹơ
ڰ֣޴ӡ
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ϺⶼڶһĨ֮ɫ
Ҫȥ͵ѣ֪ͳӰ
ڰ֮ӣ
ţƺе㡣
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һ챦۶ɵӡӽбΪһ壬Ϊ֮
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ʱǣܱһꡣ

ڰУһƬҽУʿ׵ľ͵ڵϣз˳ֱû뵽սìϵħͫСһɲǼ䣬ڰȥʿʮսìøӿɲ񺿲
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߽棬ײ£޾ţܱգ˲ըѣ


2084 ڰ
һ޼ڵ㣬ڰ֮oкڰãسڰ򣬸طУһ֣ڰޱߣԲ˵˵ѡе߸ǬΰͬǺڰı塣ںڼûеʱһֱԷأڰǣ֮ǰһܹӸ͵ˣûãȻֱӶͻȻϮĺڼ̥ڼһ̥ĤһƼζŽʽ
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ڣһУʮĵ˽⣬۶ɡ۵ıɢ˿ȾŽҪѷɫ
ڵĺͶӰҲԥǰֱںһںϣ˳ڤڤеĸӦͶӰ̺ͬһǧͶӰֻСǧ磬ɲС
һ֮ǿ˿ѷɫ֤ǿߡ
Ȼ䳯ǰĺڰײȥ
飡
ޱߺڰ޾˸ֲܿ⣬׸н飬ΪһƬƬ档ڰ֮Ҳͬڣһŭŭڲ
ڰ纣ѹ
ɱϵ֣һϱڰڷ񽻷档ԣ˿á
ֲ֮һӣŽƽϢڰٴθǳ
ڵסеߣһп̽
ãããǺõĺܣԭ㣬ʥУûȥ㣬㾹Ȼֱ̫Ȼã£Ļ
λãսУѾΪ棬нȫսನ˺顣
УһѪⲻӿڰۣ֮һڰڸ֣ѪʱԿиֹ֣⵶ħìռŵȵȡЩʮѲֻǣǿĺڰ֮£ɲϱĥգ۳
ΪǴģ
漴ֻΪ
ųһƬģеķŭͻֱӸܱܵߵĺڰ쳣ֲ
ˣге飬ȫڰǺڰʥӣͳͳڸոճ䣬˵ֻҪԸ⣬ʱٴηֳһɺڰʥӣȴȫˡûа취ٸġ
ҪǣѾϳеݡ
ʥ֮ͥ׵ʥС
ոϳ󣬺ԥٴʩչһͨڰĥ鱦ڰĥںϣһֻǣڱʱѾ֣ǸͲǱ壬ֻһѡ
䱾ԣֻ˴š
ʥ˺ڰ򣬺ãõĺܣͶȻһԵǾ
ڰ֮Ц˵

ڰ⣬һصɽС
ͬʱиֳһĨɫ
Ǻڰ֤֮ǿߣ֤ôǿ
һ˵
oңǺڰ֮ںҹУһʵֱӱǼ鱦ӦǼƷ鱦֤ʵ߶ȷʵ£ѹ󲿷֤ܡұԳ֣ú壬пѹȥȫûбҪ
л˵
ոֻһ̽ѣ̽ţԱɱ򲻵ѣǲȥĻᱩ¶ĵƣǺڰԲ򵥣Ǻڰ֮ҲԲĻ֣֮ǰõϢںĻ֣Ӧˡ
˭Ҫϸ̽顣
Ҫǣڰ֮⣬ոմսУԼоһ˿ϤϢ
ߣȥܶĴ𰸣Ӧܹõ𰸡
м˵
ΣѾڱУҪǰȥһΡ


2085 ټ
ҵĹԹѽʲôˣȻǿߴ̶ֳȣֱײе˷ָҪܵĿ죬һΣ˵ҲҪؽȥոǼһҪûпĻǴʥ֮ͥСںڰ⣬һƫƧĽ䣬һһµؿڡ
֮ǰڰƴĶ౦ӣڴսУڰ֮ʱƴӺ俪һ·붼룬뿪˺ڰǡлֱû뵽ڳֻ͵һģ͵ĶʲôѽĹΣӡ˵ȥо졣
Ҳ۹ۿڵս
ǼԶɸоһľսһȥûбİգǻ棬̫£ȫﵽ֤Σңһ֤
սûô
־ǾУ־Ǳɱ
ĿľҪ
ͺñμУԪԪɻ赶ŪƴӰôֱһӣôֵͨǬʲôҾһӹȥǴҲãʥҲգͳͳˡֱƿУ㻹α
ոյˡ
˵ʥͥؼһ˳Ϲͥݱɵͥ⣬׾˳ǣһԪĵ̣ͥδܱȵϴסбҪǰȥһߣһ
ţ˵ǰ׵ۼʱҸһȥεķ
౦۾ת漴а¶ġ
ζȥһġ
˵ϾҪıʣд顣
ϲˡ

ûٻغڰǣǰڵλãǵһ𵽹Դλá䷽λǶ
ûãһƬ
ֻǰֵģһƬ޴İ򡣹ŹֵİڿУֵʮڷԲʮԶȵҪĶࡣ
ңȻа֣ܹģģĿеľ
һɽߵĻľŴïܵľֲɢǿľߴ󣬻ïʢ·̫֡
ԴԴ̺ޱȵԪÿʱÿ̶Ԫ֮£ڸֲľž޴棬ĵطľ벻ïʢѡ
Ĵ洦ɼ
ֽİ򵥡ԴԴתһ󣬰оͱ൱£ŸֿµĹ죬޷ĽԼ᲻ԾĴзɳȥȻ󣬾͸ںһҲ޷صС˵һơڰƮЩƣӿɲ
һƾͻųâǹâֱȡꡣֻҪƣƹҫҲڳ̲ʱڣܶˣֱ塣Ƿ·һ䡣
ֱֽô󲿷ʿΪ֮岻ѣֵܵģνָ
߰ɣǽȥ
пһǰİƽ˵ôֱ߽С
һ߽ȥȻ͸оӰУһɹŹֵҪԼǣߣ·ڻصֻϧ˵ûãۼ̳кڣκ뺳꣬ǿǸЦ
ҲһΪ⣬ɱ䣬ڻһأͲЩҲӰԭڣꡣ
ǰҪĶ࣬ңֵĵطԭҪǸȥҰŮ
΢΢ü˵
ãǰŮĵ̣̤һ̣ʵѾУ֮ڡеȻһЦƽĿǰ˵֪˵ĿɶԣŮʥ֮ͥǰݷáһ
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ûҪͷӬһȥѰҰŮλãȻǰݷãǾֱӿżɽûʲôҪ͵͵ֲǰݷãΪ˼ҵģҲûеһġʣԼؼ䣬ееݵλͨˡӣվеġ
˼ȻǴʥ֮ͥ˵еʥȷʵ˼û뵽ǻǹˡ
лº󣬽У׵ĴһЦЦʮö˶Ŀһ¡Ծϴӵĸо
⣡
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ֱڼȡԴΪݡܿһ˳Ÿ룬û뵽ɫУʮ־޴ﵽԲǧɵľ˵زûʢǳֳһֻ״̬еĻ궼Ǻ£һġȴݳһɽʥϡ
˿һɲǣ鶼·ܵϴӡ
õ
ģһȫһ״̬С
޾ɹҡҷɢһѩ׵⣬УԿõĻ治ֽòŮڷ裬Ц̸ǳڱáϢʥ࣬һ˿Ⱦ覡ȱ
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ţһƬƬȻ򿪡򿪺Կһ޴ɹ֣ɹѤأ
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һС
̧ۿȥУһ̨һӰȻ棬ƺ֮ǰں˯һζ֮ǰİŮ
Ǽ棬ʱ򣬺һڳ˯ǴӶԴˡҸµӡǣ㾹ȻɢˣȷʵҲû뵽˻ʥ
Ůһ֣¡ȻЦ˵һ˫۾شڿһ̣Ѿ֪˭顣
һΣӡ൱̵ġ
δŮɣ˾ޡ
еȻһЦƽ˵£δһԵ֡лᣬŮǰҴףʱ򣬱ضɨԴ
ʥǲڰ򡣡
Ůƽ˵һۡ
ŶԸꡣ
ѯʵָĪָڰǳ
ڰǳ
Ůм˵ʲôǰǰһöӶѡ


2086 µ
Ը꣬ϸ˵һ˵кѯʵ
ӰŮıҲܿĳûжЩ˼ɻҲ׼𣬵ȻҲݵλйأͨʿ˵ܲߵǰǰҲδػ˵䡣
ﵽʲôλߵʲôΣ֪ʲôء
Ȿԭʼһֹ
Ҳζţв뵽иִµʸǵģһʸ
ؼ䣬ǷֳһȦӵģʲôΪλͽʲôȦӣ磬ܼǿߣͨʿһƽȽ̸ʲô飬˵Ȼǲܵ顣
ЩܣһΣ֪ʸûС
ʸ񣬴ˣˡ
ͺñڣŮ飬ûбܻе˼ܿ
ת䣬ܹоõȻҲܹо
ʼնġ
۾УиֳһĨŨŨĳۿЩУηڷɵģֻͨױǿȴ֪һֱΪĹףУԴŴ׽ʿһħߣÿ춼ھŲҵɱ
ÿ춼нʿ䣬ԡҪԼĲѪǡ
ʼնΪս
Щȴ֪֮١ħߵ飬һܣֻֿ֪ţضһ΢ĩߵڣ׾˵ס
ڰǳҵ̽飬򵥣䱾oеĺڰ֮ߵģ۳һѣֵһᣬ䱾֤ǿʵںڰУΪ
Ůƽ˵
ȷʵo֮ǰĳҲֹȷʵ֤ǿս
п϶˵
oǲ٣ֻһ֣ǵ̽飬ֻǺڰ֮񣬶ҹǣпǱҹϮпǱҹеħ񡣡
Ů˵һΣֱ׳һš
ҹħ񣬲֪ѿȷе֤ݡ
ͫһѯʵȻҲĲ²⣬ֱ߰˳ɵİգ֤ݻ޷óò˵ҹֶΣʵ̫ˣһǱҪҳţ졣
ûС
Ůҡҡͷ˵ں֮ͿһʱѷУҹħ飬ǣһֱڰ򣬵ҵһͬʱִ׼ǵҹħҳĥɱĨֻϧҹǿٶ̫졣һڰ١ѰʱѾûκκۼ֮£ҵҲ׷ڰפһ߱չǱޣһ̽ҹаħټҲغڰ򣬷ֹҹаħѳȥ
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ҲһȻ漴п
ѹ֣ѹڰоȻô˶ǿߴܡ
޷ҵҹаħټӡ֮ѣֻܽ˯ǵעһֱעǱӡҹаħһҲ޷ֻаħ̫ǿ֪ʲôֽţڰУ֪УѾһֹŹֵħϢУӰԡ꣬ɱ¾̰ӡȵǷʱѾòʰ޷ط
Ůεҡҡͷ
ǲҪġƫƫѾչڵĵز
ħɲͨϢУѾħ֡ħָٹ̣һ԰γһʱ䷽ŷֵģƽʱħּȡؼԹɷɳʼأһܵĳִ̼ĻͻħתһֹĻħ
ֻ䣬ǲתġ
˵ֻҪԸ⣬ڰУųɵ飬ɿµħֻ֪ƻɱ¾ױȵƻѸܱ߽ӡʱ򣬽᳹á
޷ƻ
ѵ˼ǣ׼ڰңϴڰ򣬻飬ݻһУҹħԾɱһ
оţڰжħּҲǰľû̫⣬ҹȻںеֻҪܴﵽĿģһ⣬Ҳûκ
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ǿߵͬңȻѾûа취ȣǾͳ׸ЩѾ飬ǾһĻֻ䣬õĽ
ңҲκЩѾħѾոҲд󹦵أ˭˵ʲôĻվڵ·һߡ
ƬѾۻˣҪϴˡ
ŮȻ˵дһ˿ȻƶѾµĶԲߡƻѾʼƶֻҪԸ⣬ʱֱӷҪúڰ򣬳ȥϴ֮Ǩһ飬һʱȻܷܿʱһȫµĽµ
һٶá
ħּ޷ô
΢΢üѯʵ
޷ƽ⣬ħ֮У֮ϡֻлõĽݾ
Ůϵ˵ʥ¾ֱӻĴʥͥڰе飬ȻǴϰٽͬʱ֣֤ҹаħһҪ죬ˡ
ڰҽʲôʱʼ
΢΢üѯʵ
ûбʵĻº𡣡
Ůƽ˵
£Ǻڰʱ䡣Ҫֻܿ컯
ǷҪѣҴڰ˲ɵǧǰڰ򣬵ʱһ֮
׵ͷѯʵ
ʱǲҪǵƿȫ֡
Ů˿Удһ˿׾ȻܹƿڰпֶΡֶΣһ˵Ǿ¹ظĵ̡ĳɾͣǲ
أ
ʱͻȻ䣬Уһµħؼ䣬ԪʼĪĲҹУȻһֹѪƾճ֡ѪɢĹâԵúǰѪ£Ҳǰ¡Ѫϣ·ܿһµħӰ֡
µĳ֣һӣؼ䣬һεʼӣʼ
а񣬺ڰ壬ײУ޾ħƾո֣Ѹ
¹⸲ڰ

һƬƬУĲҽСϸֳһѪ⣬ŨģаģȴûκһǲڵġԡѪУ鷢ʹİ
ϸǿʼ˵ı仯


2087 ħ
ܿо޴ĽݻͻȻ䣬ʹİѪⷭһǴ̴Ѫ⣬ͷѪɫħۣ£ͻȻһֻεצӣצӣͺСһʮֵĳªצϻͣʹ˻ƨɺ棬һڵĴ֡һۿȥҪªжª
İ죬һȫɺɫëϣһֻֻ۾ͷϱͺͷԱ߳Щεͷ­൱ġﻹԭȰƮݡһаħ
Щݡ
ܿţͷˣһڲϳһͷ϶ദֻ߰צйͷˣһӳͷȫǧٹ֡ʿֱӳֻ֣һβͣһֻ۾ͷɹߵȵȡָĻ伸ͬһ۾ܿ£һֹħ
ô䣬Ϊʲôһ䡣
ǿҸоҵֱۿԴƲ񷣬գΪʲôħĺǿ󣬲ˣֻҪǿħħţһС
ҲǿģǶӦóҡģͳͳȥɱɱɱ
ʹ࣬ĺʹҵؿΪʲôҪһ͡öʹ
ʿĲҽУҲ׷׷µı仯ǳһֻ֣ǱðǴֱ̣ӳģͷϳǵģϳȵȣֿµľ󣬳ڰûһˣ¹ҫ£ȫħڻ䡣
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ȻھͿʼħħ֣ЩҹħӣѾʼȲôһԶûУǿ̵סǶ̲ˣǲ
ŮĿա
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ҪǴȥͻҹĸݵأħҪǾͺˡ
׼ôһħֱʣĻֲһˣֻ£ǿʮǿħ飬ֻ²㡣һγħħֻ»ԸɳǵҪĿģһǽЩ
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ħĻ棬Ŀãܱߵ۾
ڣħУѾ޴ڵĵħȻ൱¡ÿһ飬ǵˡ൱µ顣Ҳ൱򵥵ľ档
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Ҳʵʵıƴ
Ѿħ
һ㣬Ѿ뵽ˣҲǳصġڰңΪǶ׼ġŮо̫ġЩǵƿطΧ֮ڡ
ǺãһöΣĻֻҪҾ֪Ҵױضǰսħ￪սҴ״ûη
׵ͷ漴ݳһöֱӴһţϢͬʱͨͨûд֡Ͼڸǿҹаħ֮һβɱûֳʤ֮ǰܲ־Ͳ֣һ֣˵鲻˵ᡣ
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лᣬȥ׿һ
ŮȻһЦҲûоܾеĺ⡣
ڴףҲĺ档
ûжһ䡣һѾڰϿա̤˽ȥﵱ߽ȥ̤ȥǰʶĻͷһۣУȻ֪ʲôʱϢĳһӰ
һһ۵ꡣ
еĿ⣬΢΢һЦƺŲͬѰζ
ĿãҲ΢΢һЦ׵ͷţûгɣ̤СʧԺڰȥһȥһǰһĸı䡣
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Ůԭڵλá
Ŀôеʮǿң֮ƿ½ĹؼŦͥѾΪȻûǾ޷һƬʵԶԶ޷ﵽɱĵز

ħƽС
Ϲâһͬʱ̤˳
磬ڰ飬ѵĲôЩħͳͳɱ˵
Уɱȫڲס
лģʱ죬ڰ򣬶Ǵסҹ磬֮Ĳµĺֲ֪ж١ħǱߣиҪǰȥء
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Ŀħľ󣬲ŸӵףҹĿ֮ȾֶΣʵǿֲ֪Уһ
һڴУֽɶôµĺֱǲ
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ûãͷ䣬ǰѹħߡ
ʱԵʮƽڲϹֵ򣬴ͽ˷һǿɱУ칤ƳһķΪӡ顣
ַӡһֲϣ컯ħкϳɳһֲϡֲϣԸԪꡣһڸסûа취յԪԪ壬ʱһѪ˻޷ֲˡ
ıģû̫ôΪٽиֹʮֹŹ֣ĥɱԣ±칤ҳķѴԴк
ֱַļգһööӡ飬ȫӡ顣һӡѣӡһ󣬶ʱܵ˵ĻӭڹٽеĹٶȣһӾ
첻ϱ׽Ȼͽ֮ڣֱɵйıԴȫ뵽У·𣬹ŲǹֵǿĹֵԴͷ˿ԿĴڡ
żÿ춼ڱǿƬĹ챻Ѫÿ춼ƽһǧһƽ
һɳǷٳڸյϣܱգǲǨƽȥ֮ٶûѸٻָƻͨһӱ졣֪ԭȾڹֵеİգһεĸо־޴Ĳ죬Ĵĳνױȵġ
Уûָ档
Ǹûв׵ľٶ
ֵ򣬱ǺܶԶܵĴڡ˭ȥĽѾʺ
֪Уһ¹ȥ
һ죬賿
ͻȻ䣬дһ
ʮ־ˣǴƬ綼
֪ˣʶ̧ۿգһ޴ƾճ֡


2088 ²
УСô£Ҫô
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ʿĿ⣬еǿߣ׷̧ۿգһ̣һһؾĿеУͬʱ˵ǰ
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ĸǰɫص˵
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΢΢ҡͷ˵֪ΪʲôУܸоһ˿ʮϤϢ·ĳϤйء
ʦܡ
һӰƾճһԣȻᡣЩһֱĬĬָıԴ̡ǻص׺иָԴԼӴ˼ӳ֣ΪԾ˵ٶȻָԴڸգϵڸӵ·Ԩɲ⡣
棡
һһĨ֮ɫ
£ԺҲ˲ϤУǴġ
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ţͿУ˷ɢȥ磬н򣬲بŽ򣬻ͨ򣬶д¡ڴϿգͬд
ŲϿʱҲڲɢգܹƷ
ޱһޱ
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챮ڵϣƽԭϣСɽ֮ϡ׹ʱҵĺڲ𶯣·˿µĵһ㣬һ󾪻űɫ
׾ڣһ챮ڴɳǸ
ನɳԷƽ£ûˣɳǶûио̫𵴣΢΢ҡһ£漴Ͱ̩ɽ
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Ҹо챮ϵ⣬һҾͻ£̫ˡ
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ʦϴͨĹͨЩ챮챮Ĺ챮̺ʦܵͨѪֻͨҪ򣬾սͨһΣʦҪ²䣬ǿʵ̡챮ڣ⣬°빦á
һ˵
һĨ䡣
УһԪԼʦȣǷݲ飬Ǿ춯أ˿ɱȡĹ֮ͨѹһУͨÿһţлصǲֻǽһսͨ˼ĵز
ͨ磬ɢ򣬱ȻᱻʿȻȻĳΪһǿߡ
飡
ʱһ챮ڵϣڲȻѸٳɳΪ챮·һھ޴ս𣬴Ʋ񷡣Ľ⣬һִ̹ǵĺ⣬һַȵĸо·ſֲĻ
ףȻŵմ
ĿãҲɵķһü¶һ˿֮ɫ
ˢ
һ룬߲ʺ⣬Уĸֱӳ챮ǰ
̧ȥֻо챮ϴһεѹΪģԲɣ޷գһգͻᴥ챮ϵ־ܹϴ䳾
ǿȻ棬ûпĻ桶䡷зһͨŭپ졣
ĸ̧ۿ챮챮Ͽһ棬һӰܽ£ɫĻȼգһ޴ĺķ޾Ľ˺Ѳ񷣬ÿһϣ·ŸָĻֿͨµĽͨһ̣硣ôľޡ
ʦܵġŽ䣬޳ϽֻͨŽ䣬һſûκһĻһΪعʦ֮챮ϣѾע
׵ͷ˵
ָ챮Ȼԡ
䡷Ϊޡ䡣ΪԼΪϰùĴۡԸ߿ޣԸߣȥ
ؼϹδػ쾭ѷɫ١ġ䡷Ȼ쾭Ǹǿ˹һ򽣵õ棬ҲֹʿԱǿĿܡ
һƽ˵
Ŀ⣬ܿĳŹжôǿ
Ͼţǣû˻ᣬĹܺˮ죬һҪɢУ뵽ڣǸĶͬѡ
ڵ治˺棬Ͷ챮ӦҪǿʵ
ȥǲ֣ǰ챮λã¼챮ϼع伮ͨս¼֮ؾ󡣡
дŮʥ漴Ϳʼ´
Щ챮̫Ҫˣ̺ŴĶ⹦ͨǰһӦɱ챮ƿڴ׹ٷУ⴫ŶԣвûĴ㣬涼ؽҲ谭ǹͨͨǿģ˱
浽ΪҪͻȻͶ챮Ǳߵս˱仯ô
̧ۿգ·ܿ嫵ʱճӣܿڼԪΣڷĲɱͶ챮Ȼڡֻǣβ޷ѡ
ҪӿŲԾƻõĻᡣҴףĬ״̬չ˼ɣȻˣÿսˡ
а૵
һеĸʵ
ڴ׶ԣõʱ
ʱ˿ڣա

ҹ硣
ҹУһǳɣÿһöǳһ磬ǳģǴǧ磬еȵǧ磬ССǧ磬бȽ΢СģС硣
ҹУλãȻһޱߵ½أǳƬ½ȣһֵһᡣ


2089 а
½ҹģڣΪҹ½˵Ǵ½ʵʲôУ½أɽ󣬺ɽȵȣһУܽҹһƶӵ磬ҹ磬ӶᣬϮ磬Ӷɳഫһʼҹ磬ǿ󡣾һδӶУȡԴĵر壬գ£ͱڵҹ磬ǳ磬Ƭ½Ҳ硣һ𣬲ҹ磬Ȼյľڵҹ½̫ˣǱ֮بŴ½ҪӴ
ĵر޷ĵ̣ۺ޷
һԪǹҹ磬ûҹ½ɹ޴ˡҹĵ̾ôǿֲ
ҹ½Ͽգӵʮ־޴Ѫ£ҫ½ͬҫҹ硣Ѫµΰӹɵģҹĺġ
ܿеʮѪ£ԴԴϵͷų»»֮֮֮ҹ˵һǿͨΪѪ֮ġ
ʮѪ£ֱǿԴȪҹҪԡ֪
ȫǺļġ
вɺĵλ
ǳʲô⣬ҹܵ޴Ӱ졣

ҹ½ϿգܣŴǳ硣Щǳһǿ壬ܶʱ򣬶һǿֱռһǼǳ硣ΪԼķ֮ء
ǳ磬ҹУ
ǴӶᣬҹУҲÿʱÿ̶ǳڵ
һ֣ҹǴ
޷ĵز
˿̣ҹУһ޴ĽƮΡͨ嶼ֳһ֮ɫһĪаμУǵ棬ҲӰǹ
Ǳģа
аҹУպա
а񸴻һҹϹʱڵǿߣָǿߣаУаûκηһڸʱ˲ĥӡǾǣܷаһѣƾа˲ǻҷ𡣵䡣ңУˣҲ¸
һ㣬агȥˣֱǺη
ǴɱִаǶǳĲҪΪ˺벽Ϊ˴ɱಫҲ
ƾЩ̶ʱڣаҹдټ
аȡ񣬽ȡָ񣬲ǴɱǱѰҪȡĳЩıаз񣬽ףһ㶼ֹ
аǱһصĵص㡣
ȫܿ
˿̣аڣһ޴Ŀռ䣬ռڣķݣ޴ĳǳأ棬ָ岻ϳ룬Ѫħ壬壬ħ壬壬ħħȵȡ
ǳغ֡
а̯ģпģڳιġ
ܿӵе˿ǧ
֪Ƕôķ١
ģһǿߡ
ǣҹе콾洦ɼ
Ϊаڣʮְȫֹһɱ¾˭ﶯ֣һ֣ǵȴģȻĽǡǡҹУȱģְȫУҹУ˯ǶҪһֻ۾˭֪Լ˯ȥܲѹ
ңаͨҹأǳ磬ҹ½ڵѪҫĵطаͨͨ
Իȡ鱨񣬻ܻȡָԴĵرԭΪ룬ԻȡıаУͨ׵õ
ҪǣаУز
аѪ
аѪҹֱĺôΪ׳Ѫֺôֱʤ֪ǿΪаѪ
ΪЩаڶ̶ʱڣѸٷչﵽһֲ˼ĵز
аѾλҹж֮һ
Ϊܶ˸ǵĶ
֪аħа֣ҪŵɪɪµɫҪĲ԰ס
֪аڴﵽʲôز
˿̣ааʵڡ
ֻһɫۣʼһɫӰϡͨɢһĪϢϢܹԼоѾﵽ֤ĲΡ
ھﵽʲô磬˿֪
˿̣ڴڣ۵˿ɲ١ϸȥϰλЩˣʲô嶼УΨһͬģɢɷ֮Ũ£ÿһеĿ⣬ݳһĮ
ȻǴʬɽѪġ

ÿһڿʱжʶĸֳһĨη֮ɫ
˿ҹеǿ߳Ļֻ»ᵱιȥ
ħ𣡣
Ѫѻʣ
ɻħʣ
ɺŮ
ٱħ
Ѫħۣ
ħ棡

ЩڴУûһΪ֤ģмϵ֤ҪµĶ࣬һۿȥЩȫа񸴻ʷеĶǿߣЩѱǿߣۼһȴûԵκεͻ
ϰλ֤Ҳܿаĵ̵ж¡
ֿԸֶΣֱǻ۵̵Ĳ
λааѪģҶӦúҪаѪҪԹɷ֮Ҫ龫Ѫ֮Ѫ㡣Ҫ䲹䡣λʲô
аЦЦĿУѯʵ
ȱپѪʲôݻټöǳͿԵõ֪мԴ磬ȳ棬һҲܺܿٳס
ħ鵭Į˵
Уһ˿ûС
һǾʹݻʮˡ
ɻħЦ˵
Щħͷҹ磬ûʲôĴ㣬˽ΪԼʲôĳ¾һǳ磬ǶԣͲʲô飬ǰľͲٹ
Ϣǰɱʥ֮ͥеѾʧˡλô
аȻһЦ
аԲƻѾаˣǾһҪɡ㲻ɣҲҪʮδɱѾʧһΣӦٴγ֡οҲҹͷľɱɱһ񣬻ܵõҹеľ͡
аƶµĹأазĴɱǽµĻаʮΣԣʮδɱ£лĿԡҪԶϣٳнӣʮζɱȻȥҲûκ塣


2090 콾
ȻаʮΣʧܣζţʮǿߣĴۣԶԵסͽ˵ȥûκ˻֣ʵ̫ǿаңΪֹûаʮεĴڡ
ѡվǿлɵ֡
аȻǸܸܵġһ㣬ǵõҹ֤ġû˲ŷġ
еȷʵͬѰ
ҹߣҲ֮Сħսϣҹսϣһ·ɱĺպһҹǿߵĺݣʵȥ֮ͬУ޵еĴڡ
һ㣬ҹ֮УҪϣһǿߡ
޵е콾
ɱУҪǰ磬һ㣬һʮѵ飬Ҫǣҹȥ㣬뱻֪ĻҪڣû㹻ֶΣȥҲֻѡ
Ҫһǿ߹ȥס
ͬҪһλܹвǿߣ͸ѡ
ʧˣδزһһٳĻᣬܴɱУʥͥȻңУһλҹĺôԽһɹڴħǰܱǡҲ¹аΪӦüȥ
ɺŮƽ˵˵Ż촽¶һĨɺâ
УǺܶǿߣ°ϵЩ콾ʥУҹ콾ݺݵĲһΡΪȫԽϢݳȥЩ°콾ȡǰ㣬ɱС˭ܻɱ˭ҹĴ󹦳
ٱħЦ˵
뵱ҹսԴӶʥ䣬°һȺ콾춼ڽҪжԾһƴ£ֻϧǸϹȥѾ뿪ҹսħսٺѾûлˡ
ǷųϢǾ˻Ըǰ
ǹ͵Ĵ¡
˵ħ׼ٴһֳһ¡ǽϢݸֻ²ܾ
ħ滺˵
ħҹУǶ
ȻǾͽ񹫲ȥаڲֻҪ°ǿߣԽȡֻҪɹǰϵĽ𣬶ǵġаֻȡмķá
аȻһЦ
ƺһ㷴ԶûС
Ⱥħ׷뿪ǰа
ֻʣаԶ档
ͷߣɱô˼飬ôܹͣãϲҹ콾Ҳϲȥ̫ϧˡ֪һλж콾Ըǰ
аЦЦ
Щ꣬ǱҹУνˮʮѪ£ҹĺôԣĺôκ˶Ҫʾа壬Ѫ֮£ֱͻͽͬඥһ㡣ٶȣǽһ쵽˼顣
ͻûʾĴڣҪͣ٣׾ͻ֤ңƾ⣬ǽˣûֳ
Ϣ䣬ΪϣѾԽ˱С
һ㣬ò˵컯Ūˡ
Ȼ֤εΪаУվȽŸһȺħܾ
ҹ󷽲֪ҹĿ£ĵ̣ǿ˿־塣Ҫ뺳ҹĸһֶΣаһǳ磬Ĩɱ壬ҹǰЩǾţһëֵһᣬʧٴתͷֲָܻ
ЩССֶѡ
ȫ㲻ʲô
ˣаĶã
аǱһĨаЦݡ
аڣڣһ޴ĻĻϣȻܿĻ˸棬һͽ񣬴ɱ񣬽ȵȡ
ҹǿ߻ܣۿ
ˢ
ĻͻȻһ⡣
⣬нɫ񡣡
ҵĹԹԣȻ򵥣ɱʥ֮ͥС
ˣпɲͨˣʥӾУħĶûܽɱһսɣԷ㣬˳ҪɱѶȱʮٱôɱôɣȥ˾
죬ϢȥѾһȡа磬Уͷ߻Ḻݣṩ鱨
ʿĿͻȻֵ˲ͼһ󾪺
һϢٴݳȥ

磬һؾڡ
ͷߵļλȻһξۼһһΣԵЩ
аϢɱеٴοңֱаڣ⣬ˣѾ˽ȡ񣬶ңȡĲһˡ
ۻдż˵
ȡʲôˡ
ѯʵ
֪Ѳ£ɸҽȡģǷӣĶǿߣţǰĸ֣֣߸֡
°콾ڰ˫ɷ
һ³һ
ʲôڰ˫ɷǸôܽȡǼһ˵൱£ͬ壬˵زɰ̲סһ
ҹУڰ˫ɷͷǾֹСޡ֣Ҫη֣ĵð
˵һ˿ԣ˵Ҳû⡣Ǵͬ塣ĺڰ˫ɷĹӿ£ħɱġԷֳ֮塣ĳˣͬٻָˣڰ˫ɷʮֿ£ǿУûжԸ
ΪһǼǳ
˭ǾԲݡ
ҹУϵıֶǿֶ죬ó֮иֶֹΡУµһͨ
˵ûԸ֡
˺ڰ˫ɷ⣬ûǰ
ѯʵ
УϢһаֱӷſƣȡ񣬷ֳȺȽȡģȳ֣ʧܣ򣬵ڶȡģٽг֡һΣһҹǿ߽ȡ񡣺ڰ˫ɷħġħʥŮ
ۻ˵
һΣаȻҪ֣һԴɱУĲݡ
Ҫгˡ
ȫ°ϵ콾
ħľ˵нֹһΣʤһΣȻоİաȫֵڴһΣǸʲôƨ޼ħʣʧܣҵʧأҪ˵ҪЩ콾Ϊ׵
һڴ˵
°ǾĿ϶ȫûǵս
Ƕɱĺպ
ħʥŮô£ôѵ׼ɱС
΢΢ü˵
һɱﵡϢʥͥУֽʼѡ㣬Ůӣ޲Ϊ֮ӿ
ͻȻ˵һ䡣
һϢ


2091  Ӷ
˼ǣħʥŮŮ֮УֱӽʥӽУŻɱһ֣̾ʲôĴɱ׳ɹɾڴ֮䣬䲻£˭ʱصԼߵˡ˵ħʥŮϣκħŮͬʥŮʥŮʥŮһħ̥Ѿﵽ¯ĵزϢԱЩŮӳڡǡħʥŮҹУνһ൱صࡣ
ħŮȻߵǬ
ãȫôʥŮôƮȻɣʥ˲£ִĶʣһʣǾŮеŮ񡣾ûаħŮʣһ㣬ʮѵá
ħŮУһ⡣
ңƫƫʣʮܵӭҹܵ׷ħʥŮеʥ֣ĸܵӰжǿ
ԣУҪ˵صĻħʥŮоԵƣ˵ҪأֻҪԼ¶˵ڣ߳ȥֻᱻʥŮͻܵ׷Ҫμѡ㣬Իӱ˵һ֦㣬Ҳ϶ǰéռͷѡ
ǰζûܴɱɹǵξͺҪĻܴ󡣱Ҫú
ҼǵڴУ²ٰӣʱһλͽףȡݡ
ۿ˵
УκΰӣһǶºۼ׶ⷽļ죬ʵ̫ˡڣҹϣ̫ۣ̫ۣ֮֮ѾΪʥֻͥ۾޴ڣҪκ©˲ͻᱻײϣҪ̽飬׾ҵšⲻ׵ȫҪڲӵݡ
۶Ȼҡͷ˵
ҾãھһܺõĻǰ
˵ݿɿϢԼǾͷڲѾʼ׼ܱ߽𹥻һʼԴ׵ʵҪռЩδػ̫ѡԣȫȰħʥŮǰЩУȴЩ򱻴ƿ֮ڣУȻԺɣֱӵ뵽ϵĻκˣҳҲ̽鲻ͳ֮ǰ顣ٿ£ȡúݺ󣬲¶˭Ҳšһ㣬ħʥŮ˵ȫûκѶȡ
Уһ˿ƶ
ģ֮ǰڴµİӣķȥģΪֹ൱İȫûбֻҪãһֱ֤ȫᱻײĳΪֹ˴׵񾭡
ȻЩǷĻãͷҲȫ֤
κ飬ǱһĽġ
ֶκðֻҪţǾͿԽķ֣һУǾһٸһٸУǾһǧһֱﵽĿΪֹһλ̫ˣħʥŮ̫ˡȫռʱҪⶼܳɹǾۡ
⣬ôֻøӵȱҲκлʥڡɱУһٳΪҹĹ͡
һ֣̾˵
д൱Ŀ϶
ֿʼƶƻ
ε֪׼ʼź󣬾ͷ׼κһ֣ôҲô̫ʹ죬ǾǸ׸ˣôöԷǾôƻ飬мҡڼƻıˣֹҪͲô׾š
ܴɱɹħʥŮܷڴеݣȡ棬ȸռ𯳲Ҳδزûлᡣڴ˵
ȻֿԺܵͣǳĵ͡
ϾвûãµĶŮɲֹһл̳Ųȸռ𯳲ֿԣ͵΢΢ǲܷ顣

ףʥ
֪еڴ񣬹ۿһݷ۵УͻȻ̧ۿգֳǰһץһöƾճ֣ţһѶϢȻĴݵԺС
˼ҹǲҰݣǶңûûˣҹ°콾ǰ磬רΪ˶ԸҶɷѿġȻˣǾ磬Ҵ֮С
һռ䷨̺޴Ĵռ䣬̺ͬһѶϢȻаǱߴݶģǿͨͺڰ˫ɷħģħʥŮʱϢĴݹģ治̺йҹĸ鱨ѶϢ̺һӴԴ
ǴҹжȡԴĵرǸ챦öѻɽݡҪ֪аɲǺˣҹУĨɱһǳ磬һԴȻȻľ䵽УУ֮⣬ǺĹ伮Щ伮һ֡
иֹҹ¼и־ħ
֮࣬漰ķΧ֮㣬ǳġУһۺҲɵĵһҪ֪ҹ磬ǿһӶ硣ԵӶɵ磬ЩУжصķչᾧָе·伮ǧٹ֡
ʲô͵ĶСӶĲ˿ڣĵ̣伮
Щ꣬аڰĬĬռЩ
һ磬ӶԴȡ̡ܶ伮ûжôɰ档鼮һֱжΪǻ۵Ľᾧͨ鼮ԴֻҪȥܴпܶ࣬磬磬˵ĵ磬̵ѧ
ʲôǵ̣ǵ̡
ʵ伮ǱȴײؾĲҪࡣʣḻ׵ĵ̡
鼮ҹ콾ǰɱԼ鶼ԥһߣȻһѾڲؾС
ʥôˡ
Щ⣬к󣬺ѯʵ
ˣ㿴ЩУжмֵĵ伮
ЦŽݸɣԼۿ
һ۾һӾֱˣͶʶŴ󣬼Ҫˮ
ãö顣Щܶ඼ġ
ħƣ࣬ҹħ¼
ˣ˲áдħ塣ڶǻ۽ᾧ
÷Żת񣬲һǱߵĿˮ۾˵
ܺãؾ󣬷ű࣬Ȼнɵħ伮ƣﵽһΣͨħ壬漰УҲⷭġĶʸĶУҹеħŤǡǿţҲѹеۻ֮ž
׵ͷ˵
Щ伮󣬵вģСĽΪ
ģؾУ԰ȫ
һƶı֤
ּ䣬伮֣ȻڲؾڵĹ£ۿɼٶȻΪһᡣ


2092 
ˢԿЩȫЩ伮ӡںϽȥ֣ܶǶҹ磬ԭҹ磬Щ֣ɬԴĦڣµİ׹£ЩͳͳڣţЩۿɼٶȷɱ䣬Ȼֱӷֽһöö֣ϷţЩ֣֡壬ڴ׵֡
ȻЩ־ֽϣһУһУɼ
תۼ䣬һ۳һᡣȻֱͽһУղּޱȣۿԭȵľ֪Ҫɶٱ
деľ伮ͬ۳һᡣҹħŤ֮ħԾĲ֣Զӳַӡеħѹȥֻǻ۴ﵽĳָ߶ȣܿ̽
Ļ棬ϳ֡
۳ᣬڰϡΪؾеĲ顣ֹ̣ɫʣܿ˿̲סŴͣһĿɿڴҲ¶𾪡ȫû뵽ῴؾͻȻٴĻ档
һš
ֻܿһµ鼮ôԴԴϵĳϡ
µ֣ܳȻ󣬿յܣͿʼۿɼٶȳʵڲؾеϢۿɼٶȿʼӡһ֮ȻȻûڣ¶֮ɫЩҹڴûеġͬǻۻײ
ϢҲǽȻͬģЩᣬҲ˸ı䣬Եøӵţϵǻ֮ԽӵŨ
дĹ伮ͬΪһᡣֻǣһİᣬڳͺֱӷɢֳᡣ¥㡣
һΣĵ伮൱ˡ
аͻĹ伮̫ˣпֱΪΪ֤Ͼ䡣ĴǸͬ
ڲؾеʿĿˣһ˿ơ
ħ
ħҾ
Ѫʴɾ
ħ塭

һŹֻҪ֣ףǵУңħȻ˰ľһֱǧħͷĸоͨ
ôоηŽĴ󲿷ֶħЩʮֵаǡħֻͫоһֻֻħ۳ǰ϶ðƤǸо̫¡
Ҳоҷ·𿴵ħŮǰ֣ǽһƯ
ڲؾĿЩ伮Ѹתɴףеĵ伮ʱܵĸоһֹı仯
ڲؾڵ˶ĸоؾڵ鼮һʲôζţµõһĵ伮εĹҲȥЩ伮ԴδӰȻǾ޴ġ
ܶ˶ʮָȤϣܴµĵ伮ѰҵʺԼĹ
Ǵлȡ֪ʶǻۡ
ֻǵһڽиĵ伮͹
ж˵
ⲢǿЦаȫռЩҹе̫ˣÿ鼮ôֹǧᡣܶʷУֻٲֱɿռ࣬һֻǸտʼѣҹеĵ伮ǿ׵ĵ̣顣
ؾ̼ڴ䶯
ʿǰǰ̽ѧУѧӷ׷ǰ鼮ڴУλͬһ㣬Ǵ֪ʶǻۣҲС
ÿ춼дʿǰؾ缢ƿʵļȡ̺֪ʶǻۡ
֪У¹ȥ
У²Ϸֵ򳹵ױռͽ֮ɣһ֮䣬ͿԴӿֳĹֵ𹥻ϯء
֪Уôһ
׽ŵʮĸ
˿ڣӿֵУһɳڹֵγɵˣԴԴϻƳϿգڡ
ʵʵڵʮ׶˿ڣ
ʮʱٴξһοƾ١
һοƾУͬһܳſӱܶ඼֮ǰȥʮһûвμӿƾٵ˲ţЩˣΪοƾټʱ䲻Ϊ˸ӵıգԼĵ̸༸֣ѡûμӿƾ٣ǱһʮĿƾ٣µרУȻ꿡ȡüΪĳɼ
оԪ
һοƾٹٴΪϰ˲ŴȫֻҪпȱֱӾܶȥ˲šһƾٳĳ˲ţѾһֵֵУһ³ǡ֪ĽĲҪҪġҲҪһǣΪһ֮ٴʥͥĴ̨
֮εĿƾ٣˲ô˲Ŵޱȳ㣬еȥӦԽš˵ʮʮһӦԵˡ
ڴһƬõ¡
ʱȻϢ䣬Ѿʮ¡

һʥͥʥ

޳ݴһ׳ͳһĳѾʼųȥܿȺϣ¶һȻı飬ü䣬·ԤʾţһΣش齫Ҫ
μʥʥ޽
Ⱥڿгֺ󣬷׷׿ڹ
λƽ
׵ͷ
лʥ
Ⱥл
λ䣬ҴѾൽһꡣΣһ˵һ˵
ƽ˵
ʥݻ㱨ѾռʮĴУֵոƿأɴڰٷϴ˵״̬ҲʼٷչУΪֵԭ֮٣ʺҴ׷չ׳󣬿򣬲ңڹֵڣʴʮۺӵдĿءֻҪԷչܿ׷졣
ϵǰ˵ĹһֳҪ۵һͻĹԱҪʥǣã⵱УҪǲһ˲ǰȥ档
㹻ĹȻܹ
ţ׼ʥǣµ֮󣬸һۣźþְλʱٽֵ֡Уһջ˶˲ţ²𡣸ø˸Ļᡣ
׵ͷϵ
ʳգ׾ȻûȻ꣬ϵѾչ涨ǰ꣬ȷ˳ַ׷ױʳࡣҴڵʳֹ֣ͣҲҴȫգƤһ꣬Ҳκζȱ֧κսġ
Ϸ־ſ˵

󣬹ڴеĸ׷׻㱨һж֮ǰȣ޴ĸı䡣ʣǾеսʿ޲ϢУõ޴Ĳͻơ
ܺãȻҴѾʱÿʼˡʮѾһʮһλΪνС߸ӦѾ˸壬óһ顣
г˵


2093 
ʥʱ䣬ֵϻܹ鱨ڸѾԵ˽⣬һЩеҲ˽⡣Ҵףǿ׳ǳĴʱ̡нʿ޲ȣųѾĦȭƣƴʱԳЦҡҡȣϵı̬ȡ
Ѿ׼ʱ˭֪Ҫ̣Ҫսнʿľųͨʿ˭Ǳһƴǿսս䣬콫ս䡣ʺϾĵ伮ѪɷĴһΪڷ
ͰͲһҵսԼɹ
ʮ򣬶ʳͼڽ򣬻ɽŮ׽Ѫʿֳ򣬹ֵУֵѾҴ׽֮ڣԴ޳ֻʣʮһ߸ԴֱԿǣݻǡҪзˮʦ棬Էˮ󷨣תлʺͨ棬̽飬еľȫת
ڼǰһ˵
Уһǿҵš
ҷˮʦУߵ󣬿תתΪֻҪתĵ򣬾ͻȻȻĿʼת䣬ɢ
ƽ˵
ͨʱ̣һԴ֮ϡ⣬⡣
ܺãˣҴУһѾ㹻ˣվʥҪģʺҴװշĽ򡣡
׵ͷ֮ԴڣΪҪͨУ໥以ͨޣڴо޴ôȻдڵıҪûбҪٶһͬĽ¸죬ڱеġ
еûѡֻӲգọ̈̄Ȼܼѣȴһĵ·
Ϊûһͳԣ΢飬ַͬй߸ʿսսϿӦ䣬ԵʩչƲߡǣǲͥ׻ʳУѾи߲㱻Ҵڹ֮ǰһңǣʳעѸͻϮȥռݵһȻңڸ߲ľٴ룬ֹͣҪϵļӴȡ߷ĸ߲Ҫʿ
ڼЦ˵
УѾ鲼ӣֻҪҪȫԵһʱ䷢ҥԣҡ߲֮Ρ̵ʱڣö֮С
ʷϣôģԭ򣬾ǳ໥ѹһĽ˼ڳϣûзϣֱӵ´
󣬼ڼٴ˵һЩı
ȫԵĽС
ֻкܴһ֣ƾױǿʵǿѹȥܶʱĲͬıϵĸı䣬׵ѾԶԶǵ괦΢ĩʱʵǿȻбǿķܶıʵתıġ
ܶʱ򣬲Ҫıƣƾʵѹȥǧƣɵסϴơѹʲôƣᱻ飬չֳʵ
ѾܶеǿߣһǴףе֣ȻоͻḡֳͶ׵ͷľܣⱾؼֱӵԭʼ
˸ˡ
Ƕʲôܺ
ʳ΢飬ֱԴɳǸȽƿ֮ڣ˸ǣǣѪǸǣٳŵʳʳˣʳˡΪѡںϵֶΣƿؽ򡣡
ڼ˵ʳ
⡣
Ⱥٶ˽ǰ֣̽Уû֣ʳˣʳ壬Ͳ綨Ⱥʳϸ綨ġûֻ֮֡Ҫֹ׷ʳڽ˭ƿأȫ˿⡣
ȷʵ൱ࡣ
ţȻλ䶼ûǳ֮գʮ塣ó׼˴սɾ߸ƶʥֻܹ̣ҪյĽϷ˵Ļᡣʧʧλ䣬ȹ㡣
г˵
дһ˿Ȼ
ǧñһʱھǿǱʱ̡ܲΪԼ׬ȡ֮λǾͿԼġ
ʥ
ȺӦ
˳

һ̣֮Уǿ߷׷̧ۿգƺпʲôһϢ
б䣬ɱӿʣֱָܱߣҪʼô
˷ɱط
ãããҴҪ棬һΣؽҴףнʿͣʣһΣ˭ܿ⡣
ʿǱ¶ŨŨ΢Ц
Ǻ£ѾȣռݵĽ򣬶Ѿ죬˰ҵڴ׵ĹУǰδеǿңǸߣֻҲû˻Ը뿪סĿô׵ķչ컻һÿı仯ܿģԺδڴ޷ġ
ʱһΣȻ䣬Ѿʮʮ塣
ˢ
Уһ޴ĲʺŻ貵ĺ⣬˷ƿնȥ
һʺԽؽޣӲʳϿաšһӲʺ¡
Щ½ͬʱҲۿɼٶȷͣΪһ޴ɳֱӳʳǰʳûͳһ˳û޷ֹЩĴɳǡ
ңܿɳµĵص㣬Ѿõģܱߵĵȫɨ󲿷ɢȥң໥䣬ľ룬Ȼǧ
ʳУʳ˳ûڻҰУ׷Ѱʳ̧ۿϳֵľ˱ʣʱһҲ¶֮ɫ漴ָֻƽ
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ʳ˺ץһ鷢Ŀ⣬ζĴƷ
Եǽһ졣
ףˣҪƷʳͿԣ˵жڶûж壬ǲųģҳԹʳûгԹˡ
һ𲻳˵ʳħһֻƷŽߡԵ͡
ʳһ
˭ͳΣǸҪ
Ǳûͳߡ
䣡
޴ĺ
һɳ£ڵλãɽֻɽͳͳѹķ顣޴ɳȡ֮ڳУȻܿѾдװפ档
һ£󣬷׷׵ϳǽԶ̽Լľסʲôġ
ɳУһڿն𣬷Ļܱߵˡ


2094 Ͱľ
ɳΪѸٻۣΪһɹˣԴԴϳŴ׷ӵȥʳԵҲڷţ˶Բ˼ٶȣʳ򡣰
޴߶գķ·ѲԼһ㡣
εѹ糱ˮϯʳ⻭棬У׷׷ĵһǿҵ𶯣ϣѾܹܵ׵ĵ̵жôǿ
ɫԴɳΪģ˷ӡ
ɫɫϵɢ
ˢ
ţУת
һӰŲʺų֣ʥּ
Ȼǲ
ʥּչʥԻΪ˳գʳΪ׽֮ڡɳظʳʳˣϲʳΪɳǣӵʽݣȡסʸشɷߣΪһͬʡ
ʥֱּӸʳ
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ζţѾռݴ壬˭޷ϡȻҲҪʳ壬ʳӦеĴϿɡϾﱾʳʳķΧҪ˵ߣߡǵֵռݽ򣬺ѹδֵⷴҪߵĴ
򣬴ȥ׵Ҳ̫ÿ
ʳˣ׵ѶȣͲֻһȺΪʳܶʳҶѣڴУͬԳʮֵóʳңǵȻʮֻӭ
ܿʳУʳʥּ󣬱ЩÿɫҲ׷ױǾͶ˭ƿأ˿⣬ǣԼܼܲʳƷʳʥͥҲ֪˵׵ķлΪ񣬵õϿɣǰ׸׷Ѱʳɣʮ飬ֶΪء
һڴףκο֮ġ
ʳ˴ӻҰ߳ŸĴɳȥ
ڳڣȻܵõĽӴרŵĹԱΪǵǼݣ켮ȵȡһжԵɡʮֵȻ򣬶Ծ˵ٶ뵽֮СѪǳָǡڵһʱʿܸܵߵУѾһֶصĹ
Դı仯
ܺãʳѾҴ֮ûбʣûдˡ˭޷߸׵ͳΡصδغöԸ
ʥУ̧ۿգһĨɫ
ʳܹɾͱ£˵ʵڣоһ˿⡣ڴѾӵʮˡֻʣʮҪ
һչֳʵս

ǡ
ܿʮ־޴СΧ˿κε۳ѷɫ޴İ׹Ƕѻɡھ޳棬Ȼһֻ޴Ĺ޳ǡεѹȻɢݶ
ڣ޴İ׹ϣȻܿһϴźɫǼףһ׹ǷȵӱĶϣ£·ܿɭĺӡʱᱬܱһб
棬һ顣
磬ʿ˹Ӷʹ³ŮʿѪŮɪﹶȡÿһǲеĶǿߣ׿ƿĿʿ˹ǰʥʿ󣬵õͰʹ͵˪֮ˡһʵԶꡣ۹Уͳʿʿţаʿ۹УʵҲǰé
ʥͥѾǰ۹Ҫռ򡣲Ҫռ룬Ͱģ۹ġ˭ֻҪ̤Ǿǣͳͳ顣
Ͱһķ֣ϵ˹³һǰս³ͳ˹ʿųսֻҪ̤ģͳͳҪǲһûηսսǲרҵġ
սóģ麣սԹ֪öŷɥֻǴˣû˴ǡ¶ǴҲһǾԲӦ
սû˱ó
麣սؼµսͰţǴף麣ǰҲҪ޹
޵еġ
ǣۡ
˹һĨɫ漴Ӧ
ˣ̳ٻ飬ٻҪ࣬
Ͱ˵
ǣ
ƣ麣ܶ

׿λãһ߲ʺ˲仮񷡣ź⣬Ȼ֧ܿӴľźȻѾ١һ֧ϣһ֧ڵϡ
ϸȥһ޴սӭƮ棬ֳ֡¾
һ֧Ȼ¾š
ǰ棬ߴ࣬һ׺ĳҧսһֱӿǰǰ棬Ȼһ޴İ׹Ǿ޳ǣһľ޳ǡ޳⣬ѻһƴĹɽ˿Ŀġ
ҧûо£ֱһЦ˿ϵľţһ֧̤ڰѻϵѻţ¹ӢһװӢ˲
һЪţϳ֮ǡ
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սһӣֱָǰ׹Ǿ޳ǡ
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¾ŽʿͬʱֳȵĹâսɷУֱγһƬѪɫɷƣֱǿµ¡һɽ¥ĸоƺҪ̣Ϣ
أ
׹Ǿ޳ϣ޴İ׹ǺŽǿʼ졣񺿰ĺŽܱ߷Բ
꣡
ֻڰ׹Ǿ޳⣬һУһֻֻ÷Ĵӵ˳׹Ǿɽϣڷգյٶȼ졣ֻһɲǼ䣬Ѿ鲼սһ𣬻ΪһƬ麣飬ֹ򣬻ڲϸգõܱ֣÷ʦȵȡʲôУӹɽѸٸա
գۼ䣬ͻ۳麣
ֻ棬˸оһ޾ĺ⡣
飬ʱ׼ս
̸ܣһȺüӣ麣ΪסүүӾһӲͷġֵǣżף
żף
¾ŴǰϹâһȻܿһսѾȫսףܸܵһֺأ¾ѡԭʼüףԿ񱩽ϬΪ޺ġ۳Ļüףһؼף˸Ž⣬һ۾ܸܵǿ


2095 
صĽջüϣȫ£ȫڡͨ˸Žɫâ·ͣͷϴֻ¶۾ͷףϣϥǣλãĵУ˸ŵĺâһ۾ܿʱпһеˡײе¡һװݵͷޡټпŵսһ֧ǿսսɱ¾ľšÿһս׶೤ĸ˸ź⣬һͷնȥһ޶ᱻһ롣ȫǴɱ
ɱ
ҧ𷢳һŭսֱնȥ
꣡
һ貵Ľɫ㻮սֻ֮ǰĴ飬ӲնϣȻڵ궼ڸ飬Բǧڣɨһա
ǻ棬ͬݣ
նɱֹʮ
ɱɱɱ
֪η壬糱ˮϯǰ̣ԴԴϣǰ汻һɨһ룬иϯȱȻ󣬷ĳ¾ųɱһѾ¾ų׶̱ӡܼĹ¾Žʿϡ
ڽջüϣͱջüɢĽ赲ƿ⣬޷ƿؼ׵ķ׷ױɳȥƲ¾ʿǣһУͷ·ǻȺսնȥȻ󣬾һصĹͷӡ
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¾ŵĽʿǣκһвԪ񾳵ս۳ɾǾѹ
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ҪĵˣֻѾʼȴƫƫûĿ־塣ͬһ㶼ֹ糱ˮ㽫¾ûȥ
Ȼһ¾ʿǺ޸ϵǳǧϯңԴԴϣѹͬʮ־޴ģսϵĽۿɼٶȲϰ
¾ڳ棬ֱӳǰİ׹Ǿ޳Ƿ档
ǵĿֻһݻ
¾ŵĳ棬Ʋɵ
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ҧǰһѼ⵶ǿ˺麣ڰ׹Ǿ޳ǰǰ԰׹ɵľ޴ţ䣬¶һĨЦ˲䱩ǣΪǧɾ޴һˣսҲͬʱű
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ڻɽУһᴩϱľ޴ҽӣѪӡҽ̣һɽЩҽǿġɽ䣬˳ҽӣǰ䡣ɶصϵṹ
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ڻɽְͬĿ¡һɳǺȻѾѡõλãɳأͿʼܱ
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ֵǣһ˶ӵĽ򣬸ʺĽǴʥͥı¡֮ǰѾ˾ģѵЩССĻɽɡ
ҿʼж
ЩɳڣûˣдոЩУܶ඼ǴԭȴƿصĽеǨƶȻҲкܴһˡϾɴ䣬ſԸӦ׵
ֻɳеİɳȶ󣬷׷׳⣬ȻٵóһӣųͺͺĴػȥ飬ͬһ㡣
ЩһڵϣһɹǱ£˽ȥ
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忪ʼꡣ
һɳǽȥУͻȻӿһ𣬺Уֳһ˿Ρ


2096 Ů
һӵʼķƣУһƬ谵ܲƲУһεѹ֡꣡
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ţͿ£أڵϣԿ淢һ͡ļðһѩ׵ˮˮȵĵ棬ҽ£Ƚ²һʱ䣬£ɽУһƬɾһ㡣
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Ȼ󣬼翪ʼһ磬ۿɼٶͺͺĵ棬ʼݣһƬƬݵѸٵĴӴ˳
Ļߣ̼䣬ͱ·Ǵһһգۼ䣬Ѿ췭ظĸı䡣Щȫ˵ɽڵλãľ
Եúܹˡ
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ũרΪӦȵɽشֲ˵ЩֲУ͸µԣڸ֮أˮϡٵĵطɿܡˮУ̺ũرϣԴ߻ЩѸ̴ĳɳʱ䡣
˵Щӳľػͻ澣ݽȲݣµ¶ԽߣľԽïʢΪЩӣũһ۴֣ӦеģֱڣôʺϵֲӣЩ֣Ժ󣬾ס˵ҪЩֲ¸ˡ
ҪĲһߵĻɽ򣬶һʺ棬ǾиֵĽ򣬻ɽҪУµĿҪУ̬ͬҪУһ١ڽ죬˵ѾıѾá
Щֲӣûɽ»ָǱĬ£̬ı䣬ʵ֣ɽұǺֻܷ֣ǣֲͨûа취Ļѣһ棬Ǿͻᷢ޴ĸı䡣
˵ӦѾʼʺڻɽ򣬸״̬ʳȡܿĴ̬ϵɫĸز
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ɣﲻǲʺֲҴӳ𣬻ûпʲôӣοǿˡ
ˣײĲ˰ɡҪô졣
ɽдĿڷľ޴仯һŴͣ¶һǿҵ֮ɫиǵǣǸоֿе㲻ԾǵļҺҪˡȻڻɽУɻɽ汻ռݣʲôԭģȫһ
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ɽƿڣѾУΪһּȶʵ
ʵ׼䣬Ѿû˿Ե߸

׿ʼţȻܱǿߵ۾ֻ״ڵĵ̼ǿһ֣ܱ߽ѹǾ޴ģȴû뵽ݱ
ŵٶʵ̫ˡ
Ŷãʼֵڣ̶̼ʱ䣬ȻͽüƿأΪ׽һ֡ʵԵƿء
ֱ̫ˡ
ʥͥôһֵ֣򣬻ɽʳ׾ƿأʮУֻʣ¾Ÿ򻹴ڹУһԾͽķ֮һҪǼչȥ˭赲׳ɳ
̫һڰУŴ׷ŵľĿԽӵı䡣
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Ѿף˿ţһУãǾ޴ġ
УͲ֮
Ƕġ
ںܶ˵ִʵǺǿҡڵľ档Ȼһ˳ҪȥϮɽʳԣԲôɡ
ãģ׽֮ͥգֻѾԶӵٶȣԶеҪĶ࣬ÿһ򣬶Ϊĵ̡죬㹻ˡʱ̡֣Ѿͥ
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˵ĸΪ˴֮Ҫ˶ãֻ¾ҪΪͥŮ֮һˡ
ŮЦ˵
ȿȿȡ
̲סƸǺһ£һ
һĨ֮ɫ
ĵ֪ģҸĸʲôûС

ܷ׷׹עŴĽչȻּɣѾһĬϵ״̬ǣͲôܹţٷչ㹻ˣǽͥЩϲּġ
ڴ׵ǿǶԺ顣
ûʲôҪ
ֲ˭ħ£ζţҪԾʥ˼ǿߡѹ˭ġ
˿̣Ů׽
ܿŮ׽УѾӵͳһ˳
ŮйϵŮ׽ʢŮ۹£Ĵ󶥼ŮǿߣŮףѩŮףŮףŮףǴﶬǿѪ֮ͬļֱ֮֮ΪļŮסΪƹʢŮ۹
ܿŮ׽УŴĳǳء
ǳϸȥ඼ƫס࣬ȴǲӲ棬ַɫС
˿̣һƫԶĳǳأ˳С
һׯ԰ڣȻܿһڻڡЩڣϸ̽飬ͻ֣ᷢÿһɢһһδѪսľϢ
˿̣һ˫˫۾ǰ
ǰһ̨
̨ϣٲȻվ棬ǿһֲç۰ʣͨũյʡһ׺


2097 Ůƽ
ֵǣǳʤ㡣
໥һۺ󣬶Ȼ˵ֱܴׯ԰ǵУһʮصĸȾ˲Ծ׽
ڣܵǣǰ˻Ǻˣǻˣһ۾¶һֳȵĹâ֮ǰ˵žͼߡܱڣ˭֪ʤ֡
ƽûٵõǵİ
һǺǷ
ҪȻҲﾲǽ
ֵǣЩ꣬ҹʲôҳʤҲǺ˼ֱͲˣŮ˵ūˣ¸ߴңҳʤ㶼ǴģڱĽУҲΪ⣬ŮڣȢףȢŮˡڼŮ˷ˡ
ʤ˶٣ܣܱܿӵУðһֹ⣬һԵ֮⣬˵Ů׽УҿģֻŮΪ˵ĵλ硣ŮӵɣңڼУλū磬Ҫǣ鲻ãɴŰŰͬǣÿղҸ𣬸ΪЩŮ׵𡣡
ģǾԲ
Żȭͷ
ģǲġ
Բ
ΧΧŵİգһð벻ʵĹâ뵽һֱ
Ůӵĵλ߸ϣһãӾǴŰ²Ƕ洦ɼǶҪκδۡһֱıȹ硣Ůӿ檵ģǵλӣĺӣ֪ǲԼġ⻹ֻһ֣ŮھŮѪһѪѡǷʮǿҡ
ңһڵķʧأӻ˺
ԣŮ׽УԵƵʣʮָߡ
ֻǣʿϣʵϣû취ŮȣŮѪڵѪǴУѪһѣɳʮ־ˣʵʱһͻһ硣ѪܳɳѪǿģߡʿȣŮ׵ĵ·˵ȫǿ˹ҡ
ʵȲˣǵλ֪
ǰû˷ֻǣߣͳͳɱ
Ǹûãֻ
оǣû˴ͷûĺ
˿̣ڳʤǣ£뵽ĽУӵĵλԼ˵ݵλ־޴ķһӾбѹƵķŭ벻ʣѸٱ
˲ӦóΪŮ˵ĸӹΪūΪˣҪϣҪݣҪŮƽȡ
ʤź
ҪϣҪݣҪŮƽȡ
һ۾ʼ⣬ó
ǲתŮݵλŮֻϣŮƽȣҲҪһɱͬū
ֻҪŮƽȣǾˡ
ǻʲôû档
һڴҲһ
һڳʤ£ô
·ֻҪʤһ£ͻ棬ƴһ
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ǰѾѹˣ֪ͬΪԵһԱȣ̬ըˡ
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ֺɣΪǵϣΪǵδΪִܵңƷŮ׵۹ͳΣʢŮ۹
ʤԡ
ʢŮ۹Ůƽȣ
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ʤһźţǰȥű˳ǳڵλ̤ȥ
Ůƽȣ
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ŵİҲԥĸź
飬һȫǵź˲˳ǡ
Уǣ׷̧ͷУľģ˲䱻һĪĳ嶯ڡ¶ԥ֮ɫƬ̺󣬾ͱᶨȡͷͳС
з׷׷
ŮƽȣʢŮ۹
ŮƽȣҪŮƽȣʢŮ۹
һӲϼ飬⣬ڣֻмǧĶ飬һӾ͹ѩһ׳ֱӴʮӣѹֵ̫ˣ͸һҩͰһֻҪһǣֱը
Ůƽ仰׻һߡ
ǲԸĬҪ
ƾʲôܵӴⲻƽ
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˿һŮףңһﵽ׵ŮסŮףǾһԪ񾳵ǿߡŮףѾһ
ܿ˿òʮƯһǿҵĳ嶯Ե
һͷɫͷ
˿̣ɫȴһƬ࣬һƲźеŭ𣬼ǲƵӿֳУֻһȺĹ߶ѣֻһȺūúõǵĹˣȻʲôŮƽȣơ
ڴ
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Ů׿ѯʵ
ȴ͸¶һ˳ǵĺ⡣
ƺһûнЩ˵ϡ
ҪɱǾȫɱˡֱӡ
֪ͨѪõӣ׼֣Щͷȫǵ죬ҪԺúдܵµĿȥķǳıӵ
˿Ц
ˢ
˵꣬Ѿԥշ𣬳ڱ˳Ͽա
ȺҪ췴ô
˿ЦſԽԽĶ飬ǰĳʤ㣬иӵı䣬ῴΪסˣɿֱ
ǲҪ췴ҪϣҪõӦеϡ
ʤ˿˵ǲǣֵǡ
ǣҪϣҪƽȡ
ʮͬʱź
ʤ˵ǵ
ߣǾһȺҪƽȣƾʲôʲôʸҪ󡣡
˿ЦſĶ顣
ȻǳľܾǲܴӦʢŮ۹ܳһ㡣
ȻӦǾǲǻ·
ʤЦ˵Ȼû̸Ǿ㡭ȥ
¼䣬ȻУ֪ʱһӣʺʺƵģȾ˵ɫʡУ¶һĨЦүүһ
һʵ̫ˣңһӣһƹ֮֡
ʲô
˿ĿãտʼҪ¶һ˿Цǲһд䣬оڻƹʱڲоһ˿ȣ·ڵķ޷ԼһŮӰ


2098 ´
飡һӣʵʵڰ˿ϣУ˿ȫûа취ͬʩչħ䣬ôŹϣȻ󣬾һҵĺ𣬸ţ˿޵Ʋ㵹ɳȥһԴǵһҵķѡ
һŮ׾ô
Ļ˵ı˵˲š
Ϊ⻭棬̫ԤˣŮһǳʤߣû뵽Ǹ߸ϵŮװ˿Ȼ˼򵥵ľͱһȫȫûκ׼ΪǼսΪηḶѪĴۣΪսᣬӣǰʱѾ׼
ǰһĻȴ׵߸е뷨
ܣôôᱻһɱ
ģȺôܾʵҾԲš
ɱȺȫɱΪңΪʢŮ۹һԲſȥЩҪ췴ԲܴӦ
һŮǿĿð˿䣬Ȼľһַŭôû뵽ƽʱ۵׵ļ񣬾Ȼľٶɱ˳ڴƣǿսΣ̣ǿӲѹȥܳ׽ӰѹƵ͡
Ҫ£ֵǣɱЩŮףҪˡ˿ˣŮûʲôµģֻҪŽЩŮ׾һȺǡ
һڳָȺŮס
ɱɱɱʢŮ۹Ůƽȡ
ҪϣҪɡ
ɱƴˣⱲӾ㲻ˣҲҪڶ
շŭ
ҳױ
ܿȺУͻȻһǿߣȺŮ׷𹥻
дӰֱӷָͨĹŮϯȥÿһ൱ǿ󣬲зླεǿߣвٴﵽԪ񾳲εĸ֡
ЩڰУһ־һɱ
ܿЩɫưʮŵŮף˲Ϣ䣬䣬Ĳҽֻ棬˲ͷ˵ת仯̫죬ܶնӦѾһƬá
һμӱİգȻдϲʲôҲǿĵƣҲȥˡ

ڰУѾһֻֻ۾۵ס
ϢݳȥʤѾʼˡ
ϼҴϢֻҪʤһ֣طҲҪͬʱҪŮ׽򣬳ֻΪǴ档
ģϢѾݳȥһ֣Ů׽жѾʼ֣ȫӦߵжŮ׽򣬳
һڰеӰɽȻٴãã˺У伣
ûã˳ǳױʤռݡһʿð˳Ϊʤ˽˳ǹľУǺչ¶ǿߡ
ླԪ񾳲εǿߣ񾳵ǿ߶С¶һ֧ɷླɵľţ֧ŵʮ֣𿴲࣬ʵѾ൱٣ǳʤôļҵסѹ׵ĵƣһ£ǲ¶ģ˿չ¶˲ȶڶġ
һȺոʤƾһѪԣһѪлѹŭ𣬱һγ嶯ΣãȻģϾŮ׵ǿһֱģȫѪУδչֳǿƣһӾаռᶨе
ٵǣδȼϣ
ڴţƷʢŮ۹һ졣
ڱ˳ǵٴݵʢŮ۹ڣһŮ󣬼ǵŭ
ˣǱ˳ǣڣ׷׿ʼ췴壬ͳΣҪŮƽȡڷƻиֽʩ
ˣڵߣ֪ΪʲôȺܵɱкܶ඼ɱЩûģҲشڣѾʼʧˡӦ˳ǵĺ٣ҪŮƽȡһΣʮֺƴ󣬼ûʲôδ
һϢѸٻʢŮ۹֮СŮС
һΣȫͬıңֻǳһǣһƬûг˺ƴģ̫ˡ
ѾƲסˡ
Ů׽ȫ붯֮С
ȥؾţ뽫ҳѹȥԲɶӣңζңΪߣӦþǳʤ㣬ҪҲʲôҪʱڿ˵ͷ­
Ů۶Ȼ˵
Ҫ߸ǵŮȨߣǾԲܴӦģһӦƱػôߡʱɵĺӵأ¹Ů׵棬ûЭĿܡ

Ů׽⣬Ѫϡ
ڼȻվһ𣬿ǰŮ׽˫Եʮ䣬ǻ纣
ʤѾʼжˣúˣʤǧŮ׽ʵнһ£ˮ룬лˮĴûᡣҪȻŮ׵۹ʵҪǿйδݿɿϢŮһʮֹǿɱˡ˷ʤŻԽʡԴʡʱ䡣
ڼȻһЦ
ĺֶζֻҪȴУص㣬Щ򣬿ɲʩչıͿԶҵġģҪʵѹ
ЦǺǵ˵ҡҡȣѾٶ࿴Ů׽
УŮ׽Ѿաǲܷתġʤ㣬ɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣΪãǾò
ţŮ׽ѾΪǰϵһ⣬ҪʲôʱȥʲôʱȥϻɽֵʳѾڹֻʣߴʿӦһѿеӲͷȺʿʿΪ۳ʿ־սҲ¡˵ߣǺȨػߡһ㣬õֿ־ӡֻҪø಻پš
΢΢п
Ҫǵǰ棬ʿǱȽ͵ġ
Ҫ˵ʿҲöԸʩչıƣǴʿҲδЩʿķڷҽ飬ֱʿ򷢳ս飬սʿս浶ǹһսһʤ磬վʤΪǿߣԭʼķһսǬֻҪʤǽʿȥУûܹ˵ռݴ塣ͳʿ壬ʸ񡣵ȻôҪеܿԴĺ
ڼ˵
ʿѶԸҲѶԸؼҪγ֡
Ӣͬ˷ҪġҴ׼ʱңִǰЩ򣬶Ǹ߸ϵȺˣֻнЩƿأҴױøǿ
ҡȣƶ˵


2099 ս
漰ĲѾͬ˵һѰ˳ĲΣĽ򣬼ûʸٺʹ׿⣬ǽеǿӵսĶǿߣ򣬺ѶԴ̫ԣǿĲΣѾķΧԣһζսԿΪ
жѡķ
ûа취һֻʩкƵΪӪƽ˳漰Ḷ́Ȼ൱޴춼첻׺ܴһԴ򣬴ˮʦǰڣ鱨Ѿһ´ɳǣڷ򻷾
ͶԳɳֲӣˮ󣬿ʼ컷תӸ϶Ͼĸ̣ǣŴ׼
ʿͶŵʵ򣬲̫ࡣ
ԣҪһʤһսǬ
ս飬ҪȥսʤҪеĺȥĲ˵ʿҪ˲֪˲ĵزʤ˳µĽʿκûзɡ
ͼڽ˽⣬Ϊ屾;Ѫϣͬģֻ͸ӸߴһЩѡǴУ룬ҪͨѡֻǳʵΪͼڽԸͼɲ䣬ഫ֮еǿߣʮǰٻبŴ½ɲԱȶʽ˵Ըɵշͼڽе壬ΪҴװա
ڼٴ˵
ʿĶֻǣҪ΢ͨͿԡ
ǿߣеǸ˵ǿǾǲǿȥǱȶʤΪΪܣؼ䲻Ȼǰǣս飬ʱ򣬲Ǵ𲻴Ӧ׶ռڴһܵӰ졣
ţҪͨĹ֡һΣ˵ͨУвٴͶǿߡǳչһԼļֵ
Ҳʾͬ
κսӦһΪҪһҪءҪ壬ԴѹԴû̫ôĳޣףڣͨ£ԭȵ壬ѾԳƣԴ˶԰壬ֻеһ֡ûյκӣΪǿ׳յڶԵӰ
ͽУΪսǿյѵӰ
Щ֮ͨ£Ͳ廹Ǵ壬Ѫڵġǡ
൱֧壬ȻܲȡҪ֪廹һ׷֧Ǿ壬Ҫǲ׽˼׽£ȥ
ܶʱ򣬶Ҫȥȡġ
һһЩһٲˣţǴǴ׵־ͬҲܵ־ͬƶ£˭赲˭עҪѹ
ڼһƶ˵
֮ǰҲ΢һףȻףڰУѾۣܵţĬġ˭Ȼĺûᣬ״ȻҪĽЩڷߵԽ˵
ѾϢе壬ڳĽתƣܿ׵ķâ㿪һεţǿ˳һʱҪǶ̫һʹ

ԵһƬܿѪѾֳӴ͡ڳϣȻҺȻվһǰȴûеһʱͳ𹥻Ǵڽ⣬ʱ׼롣
Щڳ룬Ѿ׼ǰ򡣡
ɻ˵ü䣬¶һĨɡ
ϧҪǲߣµȺǼѪúĥĥɱ
Щʵ˵
սɲ£׻£ûкµġ
֦һΣǵĿǻȡĽܲѪȻٺò򵥵飬ûҪ̫ӡҪǽԸ⳷ߣȵһȡֻҪ½Ǿй
ƽ˵
صǽҪҪսǶǴҪġ
սζţ
һ㣬ؼġ

ʿ
飡
УһţͿһչг֣Ϊһս飬ֱֳ֣ӳС
ʿУʿھ£壬գҴǰʿ޷ֶԴֻͬδָѪش˷ս飬Ըʿս֮ϣ԰Ϊޣ˫ս֮ϣһ£ʤʿʿʤװڣʿս飬պħսԾ
ս飬˲仯Ϊһ
ʿУգʿԼ̧ͬۿգУ˸Ũս⡣
ʿᣬս飬պǰսս
һĻ
ǻдһ˿ϣһ˿أһ˿ƶ
սһ仰Уǳ׳ˣսԼʿˣһսУʲôܷڡ
սǰǶ֡
ʥʿţ׼ᡣ
Уһ
ãããû뵽ټͳһ졣սףսʥʿţʱ׼档
һѫУһӾЦϹâһһɫʿսѾϣ£һƥѩ׸ߴս䱳ڱϣս϶ɫսףȫ󲿷һЩҪλãǱļãؽڴܿе˸ź⣬һţһ£ɾ޴˺
ɫʿɫʿǹ
˲Ϣ䣬һѫͱһϢµʿ
ǫػӢ£ϣҳϣʥʿţ档
巢źµսѾΪһɫ⣬Լأһƿնȥ
Ļ棬ʿУϳ֣һʿʼ֡
ЩȫǶʿǿߣʿ־ǿߣʥ۹ǿĸ̡ʥʿųĹ壬ǲʥ۹˵ҡһ£ܹѸٻ۵ĵ̡
ƽʱɢڸأķ
ʥʿţѾڼϡ

ͼڽУʿڶ࣬ĽѾãգŶǰͼڽ壬ͬѪҺʱ޹ضԴͬΪⲻҪѪ˫Ŀõı֮£ش˷ս飬ҴԸͼڽ̨֮ϣһߵֳͣʤʮսΪޣʤΪʤ֮ΪܷͼڽʤҴװڣöͼڽսҴʤͼڽ򣬹ҴͳϽףһͬʡΪһȨ
һ˼ͬս飬ͬͼڽϿա


2100 ʳ
ͼڽ岿׷̧ۿգ¶һĨܵǿս⡣ڴ׼ͼڽ飬Ȼڵĸ岿䣬Ѿֻ֪ǣΪƣд׾ڣȷʵ壬ңһͬʣûܵκӣĺúõģΪ񣬲ԵĺãĺãܽõĽȡõ
üõĳһͻȻȥúԼĲƲܵӶᡣеһУܵװͬĴݻǵλˡ
֮ǰͼڽڣɾѾŴʥͥĸִ˵õǼ¼Ӱ񣬴ͼڽ򣬲֪ĿúŴͣþ޷£
Ȼû˵У˭ϣܹ찲ȫɳڣܹỴָܹ̈ƷָʳƣܹƯ˧·ӡ
汲ǲΪСҪͻȻ֮䣬ĴУȻ׾¶ľġȫԵĸı䡣ڣȴɡ
ױȶǻʤԺԲ䴫УԼĴͳһֱȥǰˣǾ׵ϵУΪⲢ̫ѵ顣
Ҫһɡ
Ӧս
Ӧս
һͼսʿźлص
ٲȻѾȷҪӦսʤгյľκԥ
ãʿͼڽһˡ
ڼĿú϶¶һĨ֮ɫԴ׵ĵ̣ǲıƣɿǣЩķչɲǿЦġǿ߱ǿ
Ҳڳ룬ֻҪȴһʱ䣬ͿƿأΪ֮һˣָоȻʮɡصĿ꣬ԷС
ţѶȶ̫
һڴĬ£ǸǿĬ£ѾΪȶʵ˭Ҫ·˭͸
ܶڵõϢѾгĴ㡣ͬ򡣹ϳ룬ԥ

ףʥС
ڰٻԷŮһ۲͡
Ůڹжʮ׽һֱ鶼ܺڱϣܿͺġÿУֻҪпУоһμ硣磬ʱɲ֣ʱҲμӡзֳ֮ĸҲͲ֡ÿһΣϰͬʱ۲͡
ÿһζֵĺܡǾ۲ͣͬ顣
ƽʱΪԭ򣬾ۼһԷʱվ̶࣬ľļ磬ں󹬵ȶгԴˣȻ൱ֵ֧ġֻҪʱ䣬ͻμӡ
ҲʥڣʼնԵúܺгԭ֮һ
ΪչֳķΧרŷԸ칤һŴ͵ĳβŲһ·ȥӣ졣жˣж೤ǰĲȣͬģһݣһݡ
˿̣ڰٻԷУȻܿһž޴ĳβѾڷϣжһ˵λϣߣ׵ģǲĸȻŮȥÿһϯλһ׵ĳȣڷŸϡ
Ůһ϶Цݡ໥˵һЩȤȤ¡
Цûй͢Ȼ¡ͬͨ˼һ˵һЩҳ̵ġ
пţҲǰԵͷʮ⡣ξм磬֣һһһۣʳ󣬴ĶʳҲ뵽׵ƿУвٶĳʦʳһλʳ֮ʷٷҡܡ
ǵģʳʷٷܾһʳ
ؼʦɣʳȻͬľ硣
ڳʦ˵ʳһ롣
Ϊ֮Ŭܶߴڡ
ҪΪؼʦһ㣬⿳ʳҪܷ⡣ᷢʳؼʦż⿳Ǿһؼʦ
ɣǾ⿳ʳᷢ⣬ңܾиָ⹦Чͬҩһ㣬ܶ档
ʳǿʳƿʳ֮⿳ʳУͨʳģ̺żµĸ飬ƷʳĹУ򵽳ʦҪ˸ͬܡԵнȻͬķɡ
ƷһΣΪֹǻζ
ÿһײĲ࣬Ǿ޴ģͺñȣڴУʵѾгɲεĶʦ⿳ʳȣмǿĹЧζɿڡ̬ǧʳĳձ಻ԵơȫͬĲΡ
ʷٷҡܹʳ˵һϲ
ټʳеĸֶʳģȫһһڶʳӵ¡µܡ
ʱѾȲҪƷ
Ȼ飬˲֣Ű¼磬Ůһµζ
һΣʳļֵʳмֵġ΢΢̾ЦŶߵĲĸ˵
ǰһţ̡ţܿʮֵĴ˿·𿴲˿ʡ峺峺ƺЩ͸һ㡣һصζУҬӵȻ
һ£ͷ·Ȼ֮Уȴ֮䡣
ţ̿ɲ򵥣ʳһֶصţҬţഫţѪţ̣ţ̵ӪҬ֭һζ
ζںһᵽȫµζ
˵Ҭ̣ܹᵽֽȻͬζڸС
ңҬл̺ž˵
ܹΪܶŮޣյĹЧֹЧͼӰġȥܸܵţ̰˿𪣬Ч֮ǿŮӶԣǼֱ֮ͣǸٴĴֻۣҲ᲻ϧһеõ
ҪҬ̣ÿ춼ҪȣÿȥܸܵݹܹǿϸĻԾָо泩ʮ
˵ʳУҬţ࣬һΣһʱͱȦһ֣רŹʥҪӴֳܵģʱ򣬲ԴԴϵĻȡԴ
ʳģǶġ
ʳĳգȷʵֵڴ
ĸҲͷЦ˵
ʳƿѾǼսڵʳ񣬲ǳϱֻԹһΣлζһΣʷٷҡܣҲһ㣬Ծš͵һλʳ񣬵˭˭͡
ип
ʳ񲢲֪࣬ģջһλӦֻǿ䣬ϹͥһλһԪ߹ͥʳһλʷٷҡܡ
Ȼڴ
ͬһָоʳĳ֣Լ֮ͻɱ
ʳ򣬲Ե
ʥһˡԾѾ⿺ˡ
ǰ
ţ
׵ͷʾ
漴ͿһŮ


2101 Ծͱǿ
գۼ䣬һٶͬĲȣһֱŮǰǺܴ󣬿ȴ൱Ʒζֲ̫Ʒʳʱ䡣ʳһˮڸڵܿһֻֻ߹ޣ߹УȻܿÿһֻһ棬ˮ峺ȪˮϪ㲢󣬻ǽɫ㡣
ҲǳʳеĶʳģеļƷָ㡣ʮ磬㶼ҪСǳָ꣬СҲڵ飬ֱӳȥҪǣڵ̣⿵ĹУֱܸܵһֶصƷ۶ˡ
ɿڣζ
㣬ֵǧĵطǶҪ󼫸ߣڶʳ֮һУǼƷ⿣ζֵڴġ
˿̶ָܿ߹ɵζ·ǻһû⿹ĺۼܿ۾ڶգۡ
ҪѾڷ˭ţѾ⿺õһ㡣
ˢ
ҿ֣ʱͿй⡣
һƬŨµĹâܿܵĿռ䣬ȫâǣÿһռ䡣âۣԡڹâ֮£ȻȻģĶһĪãͺǶʱԡ̫֮һһϲõ顣
ϲȫĵġ
˲ãֻǿһۣǿҵ
ĸǸ̾˵
һƷһʳ⿳ʳȡ
Ц˵
궼죬˵Ʒʳһ൱ʥ顣
ӣ߹ڵΨһһ㣬ζûһļɣͼвסڿСʱһ޷ݵдζɢϸ·ڱըͬһ㣬ڽΡȻ󣬳źϷʼϡĸܵԾŵÿһ˿У־Ծźϲá
ͬʱۣζչֳ
ãããһȵƷһҪɫ֣ʤһһǼգʳϵʤĳʦ϶ʳģ⿳ʳ
۾һ̾
ڵʳϸѾʼõ
ڣһڿڱϸ֣
ڶ׶ඦƶඦ̶𶦡˿ڱѪУԡ
󹦡ţħ塷޲塷񾭡澭澭Ŷ幦ڱϲ˸ڱУΪһööģУ˾澭ڱ⣬߿ڱУֳһӡ
ӡӡѪӡӡӡӡ̫ӡڶѪԡءȫܸܵÿһڶӵв˼ΰ
ǣܸܵ˿ڱУӵͬУͬĲ֣ǺȻתŹͳе巨šһſԽϹڼȡ幦ľ裬񣬸ӦѪ֮
ֻҪлᣬȫԽɱ䣬ΪһŶ幦ԾתͳΪһɱ幦ǾǱ
ʱ䣬壬û¡
ÿԵʳΪ̣׳
ΪֹתѾﵽ൱ľ硣
Ѿﵽʮĵزһ㣬⣬û֪һŵƣһ㹻ǿĵƣζţתߡһͻƣȫпΪͻƵ֤Ρ
˿̣ʳ⿵ʳ
ڵʳϸʱͺǿʳѣ˷ܵſëף׷
ʳϸҲһ̿ʼӳ֮ÿһϸŴ͵ѣһɹԪȻȻûڣȫʳУģı仯ԪϷ仯ԪԴԴϵѪСԪУȻȻš
Ѿﵽʮʼϱ
һǧ
ǧ

һ
徳ʳϸҲڴˮǴߡֻҪʳϸԽµԪڲϱȫ㡣ǰȣȫǲԵġʳϸѾչֳǿ֮
ͬʱʳ̺Ҳ
ƺЩ⿵ĲϣͨǱѰ̺ŷḻӪ
ʳϿתԾУʳ̺ĵϾ
ͬʱڣУƽѪС
ɱḶ́Уоһȣʵ̫ˣǰδеĿ죬оڵʳϸƺѾ׷񣬳׿ˡÿ䣬ڱǿ
ͬʱһǿԼһӣҲͣ
ǳԵ㣬߹еһβʣȫ¡ȫʳ֮
ڵһʳһʳϵĶһһлŮһ̣ȫû˵˼ȫʳС
ɷ裡
Ѫű
ǽ
˿ѣ
ɹ
ᣡ
ˮײˣ

һݷʳһʼڣǾȫͣƷʱĶһޱõ״̬ĸʶ㣬Ҳɵĳȥ
УŮ˵ʳкôģϾʳ⿵ʳ涼ǿǶƤϣӵЧͻΪӣԭһЩϵ⣬ԾľԺиֳط򣬶ͻơ
Щôȫ޷ȡ
ʳϸȫת£ÿ䣬Ǽǧӡ

һĶ
Ϊͻƣﵽ𶦰
ңӡ
ڳԵһٵʳʱֱͻƵ𶦾ת۷塣
ڵѪһڿڱвϻۣط
¡¡
ԴԴϵ̫֮ѪڶбãΪһɫģϽһգۼ䣬ͽһֱӰڣΪһ̥㡣صķġ
𶦾ѾﵽתļޡҪʼڰ˵ͨ
ζţתѾԲԲ۳ȫµͨͨ幦ž޴ĹȻҪԡ澭һͨ
Ʒʳ֮ûֹͣμ磬һһ˵ȡ
İ˵ʳӰԵѡõĶʳģлбʯ⣬⿺Ч˲䱬ըֱӾͽΪ۷塣ʮ
ͻƣֻ֮ң
ͬʱܿڣ̫֮ϻۣ̥ڷ⡣


2102 ˾
̥Уܿĵٶȷɿ죬ÿ䶼ڱĸоöɫ̥УͨԴÿʱÿ̶ڱǣÿһ֣ͨøǿ
һԣԴԽǿͨԽӵǿԵǱҲӾ޴
ʳ⿳ʳ̺Դ֮ʳϸ˵Ǿһ޷ʢ磬õͬʱԪټһֱԴԴϵĸĵرԽЩܴһֶѪУʳϸȻգԴҲڲϵ׻Ϊϡ
У֮ڲϵ
ѪԴԴϵĴ̥
߿ڱڵӡȻɢ⡣ƺӦڴȫµͨ
ڲϵĳһɱš
ɫ̥ϣصɫ˸Դڷ׳Լ䣬һ¸֣У·ܿһ̫۾ϣɢ޾»̫ϲת
Ѫڷ
Ȼ䣬·ǽͨѾﵽް㡣ɫ̥͵ų޾⣬̥ͺһöһȻ顣
˲䣬̥ܿڣصķѾһķʽһ𡣻Ϊһöɫӡӡ۳һµӰաǿա̫̫öǳؼϣʥǳӵŵҪְ𡣲̫̫֮֮ѹš
öӡһ̥γɵɫƬ׷׳ŹӡлȥõĹӡԽӵ쳬Ȼ
Ϻӳ
ûгɣһ䣬һ챦ӡ۵˲ȥϺӳ̥Ĥͨ챦ͨзĶʡʮ졣
飬ѾǼ죬Ȼľɡ
ϺӳҲȷʵˡ
öӡʵһ㡣ɢϵϢ
бת
ڹӡ£ȻصĹ׭̫
ת𶦴Բڰ˵̫ͨӡ
ͬʱһѪڷѪУԼ䣬һȫµıҪи֡Ǳƺ͸һɫֻǣδ׸֣ͱǿѹȥ
תһ֮䣬ֻȻֱӣɴﵽھתһָԵɱ䣬֮һγɱ䣬һ֮ٲ֮ǰһһŹ볹ͳҵһơҪĥ۷壬Բ
ѹסҪͻƵһǿ˿ѷɫĵ·ڹսϣҪǿԽ׶սʿԣȫϰΪӲҪ˵ͬУҲһС
Ҫģ֮ɡ
ϵɱ䣬ֻĸ΢΢̧ۿһ£û˵
һټ磬ȻǳԵʮ־ˣŮһڸԷһ죬ϸǴͬߣʱ仳˵Ĺеʱ١ڶ죬ŮǺ߳ĹԻصԼ޹ܿϵĺݹʶĿ
֪춼ó

ĹУвû뿪
רűչľڡǰڷŸָĶ䡣
Һ
һ׽Һ˽׽ҺνһӦȫΨоŽ׽ҺûеȫҪϵʱ䡣Һǿһͨˣֱɱһ̨εĶǿߡ
ΪϣѾﵽ
ƿҺһ졣
ھôȻİڷǰ
ֻʥҺֶһԡһӲؾֱȡĵ伮Щ伮漰ĵ伮ģҹġ幦ǰѾѻϸߡ˿һͷƤĸоһԱߣһ⹦˾
һΣҪͻƣҪӸɱ䡣Ҫɱ䣬Ҫ˾ʹùһΣߴλᡣ
аԳ
˾⹦ֵ֮ߣĳϣδػ쾭ѷɫȻֻоŴβĻᡣŴιҪٴβֵǳġ
ڵõһֱڲؾ㣬û˭޷ǰۿǴ׵ĵ֮һʹɿָǿԳõ
Ĵڣڴжһܣк⣬û֪
ʹһΣڵġһΣġڤ칦ֵ֪
Ϲ屦
еġ˾ад
ĳЩУǲ쾭ĹѷɫĹ屦ǿԲʺĹսÿһβ򣬶пΪ磬õ췭ظı仯ݿռһ𣬵쵽¡
ûгɣٿʼǰĸֹ伮
ֲΣͿԹĿңڿͬʱȻļȡеľ衣ò˵ҹеһЩ幦ȷʵж֮˿һֻȻĸо
һģһһҹ
飬ݿռ䡣
̧ۿգֱӷһ
ˢ
˲Ϣ䣬ͿһĹڡ
˳УǿԿݿռģȻܹʱؿݿռ䣬ֻ˳ﵽĶãֻǣÿοʱˡˣһģǾǲתģ˾ˡһ£֪ݿռ䣬Ҳʹá
˾Ǹ˭ȥġ
ڴҲһ
ƽʱиͲᶯá
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һ䣬һöɫѾͷȻγһĵϣʱ̽硣
󣬿ʼòҺ
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ȥʱܵĸоһɶصڣϴֲǿĸ
ֹ̣ٶȺܿ죬Ϊһʮֵǿ
ǿģڵıԴѪ
֮뵽Уٴ߶űԴѪĵ
ԴѪڿӡ
Һ̺Ľ֮Ѫĳɳɱ䣬ŸǿĹЧΪѾĥʮԲ£ֱӿʼѪɱб
֪УڵıԴѪѾﵽǧö
СɣѪͨ
ɣǧöԴѪѪͨ䣡
Ѫÿɱ䵽һΣһѪͨѪͨǿֱӱȥģڡһԲ塣ѪͻΪĴС
ף
ף

һƿƿҺã֮ԴԴϵڱԴѪ
ÿһεĵɱ䣬ڷ⣬ֳķġ
˾ԡתΪ˴幦Ϊ֦ɣǧ幦Ϊϣݳҵ幦֤


2103 ۾
һ䣬ԥĽһξѪŹ˾еȥˢ
˲䣬һġͼ
һĻǰ񶼳ȥֳۣ̼֣ܿ߷ũйԱȵȡͺͻȻ䣬һƬʵС
ÿ˲䶼ڷֲͬ顣
ʵҪ׳У԰Ρ
˾ľһͼͼû˾ֻͨĵ伮Ϲ屦˽뵽һľ֮С
ʱĸƾճԺС
֮ڲ㲻ࡣ𣬵ᡣΪͫ˿ѪӣҲ࣬رҳ档ຣ֮Уۡ
֮׷㲻بų档
֮ƤĤѪ⣬裬ѪҺκһȱݣ㣬ֲԲ
ѪѹһУգ־Ϊ档־жǿ߷жǿ

һ۵ĵϳ֣ÿһֶһźţʼʩչָ幦ÿһ򶼷·ͬ
֪УɹǧꡣһδεͼУһʿһδֻأһδתֻи֮һδȫµȥĥ巨š
·ֱӷǧŸֲͬ幦
滹кܶ඼洫챮е
ȻҪģİ幦Ϊ
һΣתֻصĹУǼ򵥵һֱ֣һŹᴩһΣӵ͵ߣȡеľ򹦷ĸֱ仯ȡеľ裬ҳеĲ㡣һ㣬ȫΪĸ̡ǡתҲвݱ䡣
ҵ幦վʣ׳Ѫķӳʵҵ壬̺ҵĵҵĵ۵ѪΪΪŦȫԽһںϡ壬Դϵ۵ĸΪ
幦ҪѪϡ໥ٽܷӵ¡
Ѫ֮һԪȴѪݵ˼£ߵĶѪ޵ĵ·ھѪѪɱ䣬棬ڷĻٴ
Ҳ֮ھءھѪھһǱܡ
ͨѪѪת˴幦
ӵҫ£ǻ۴ﵽ£ʱشһ״ֱ̬شеĸо֪Уָۡ
һƪصĹȻȻĿʼ͡
ƪڳ͵˲䡣
ֻɳϿա
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񺿣µߵʲôı֡ɳ֮УѵǡʥʲôĴ
ƣʮֲѾˡ֪ԵʲôȻض
ڰеܣҲͬһʱֱ仯Щǰй۲죬Щ¶һ˿˿ɫЩʼɷŭ֮ɫʲôСĿôһǿܶ౾ڸĴܣȻҲΪԺǡ
ܶ඼ǲϣٳʲôĶ
ѾǿˣչֳĻȫѹ󲿷˳ǹ˳ǿĸܷٷչ׳
ڷɵһҪء
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ŮܵĿĹڵλá
Ǹס
ɻҲ׷׿Ĺ֪ΪʲôоԼƺһ޵ѪҺдݳʲôҪ֮һ·һεǰ档
ѪеĸӦ
ϵĿ󣬲ûгã޴֣ųУ׾ͽнƽ顣е־ڴУ类ޡ
Ҫڴ֮ڣֻҪֿܵµĿ顣ܲסеһжᱻ칦ҪĿۡԽƣֿԽǿѾԽԽǿˡ
ʾڳˣ۾תͳһУ幦ӵϹͼͼŸͼÿһӦһ徳硣һŹȡѷɫ˵ͬԴһһ壬ߺһеġ۾
иֳϲһһںһ𣬾ͿԼϸΪһ۾ศɡȫԱ˴˴ٽ
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ħʸͼ
ڤѪͼ
ɻʷͼ
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һѾǰ˵ͼ־ͳʡ֮Ϊһ۰˻ʡںžתԴͬÿһͼͬ巨ţң˵κ幦Ҫϡ԰ٷְ٣ٵıǿս
ͼ
һ䣬кԥĿʼ¹룬ٴ֮׽һɱסָףѣΪⱾԭ޹
ԺУȻȻĸֳһͼ
һۣ£ɢ޾ѹһʰķʵòȻбģʣִͬ£ޱߵ޾ħ֣ӣȴʵѹ£ûκη֮ûκι֣Դ롣ڽ¡
ؼ䣬һа񣬽Կѹ
Ź룬ȻܿںڶڣӡУ˸ܿӡڣ·һƬ޼һʣڵ֮УһС
ͼȫӡо֣öӡڣ·ֱһĵ硣Ѫõɱ䣬־ڳɳͬͻȻ䣬ӡͨΪ취һĴڣһ¾ͷԵɱ䡣ɱ䣬ͬϴͨзһ㡣
ԽǿӡԽǿһӡȥһѹ¡
ɱ䣬ٲȻǡʾ֮ңܸоڣԴѪɢѪڲϴӡͬͬͬԴӡȻĳɳɱ䡣
ܿӡڵ磬ѾﵽСǧĽޡӡ棬ȻһööǳﵽöǳĲΣζţӡ˲䱬߱
ħʸͼ
ӡɱ䣬һֱ̣ӹڶͼ
û⣬ܿ죬ڸӡУһ嫵Ĵؿռ䡣


2104 ֤
ͬһͬĶ硣Ѫͬڿ׳⴦磬ӡȻڱԴѪʩչʱֱ뱾ԴѪϵǿ
ڤѪͼ
ɻʷͼ

һͼʼ룬ڵڲϷɱ䣬ÿһڱУȻȻĲϵȫ֪У˿ڱڣöӡУȫӦĶ硣ɢУ޴ĸı䣬ڹӡϵǳӡǣ׷״
̺İöӡսǡѾﵽޱȾ˵ĵزκһöһɳ£ѹһУһСûб仯ȴӵ磬һʵУѪеĵۣӼʹ׳ѾΪ壬޷пƤĤ

ϴͬʱһ䣬Ѿǰ漴ԥ̤ڣûгУǽеĻڡ
һȥ͸о֮ڷÿһƻ֮ݳһ֮Դֻ֮ǵ̨ǿ߽ҲܵʴͬڻУֻ÷Ϊֵ֣ܵǻ֮Σգǻ֮Ĳʵ̫ߡߵͨȥͻᱻͬ
һﵽ֤Σ䶯൱ˣɳڣֻ˲ͻŪ˾֪ƽ¶ţҪ֪֤Ѿﵽ˵һвΡ
ֻҪǾһǿĵơ
ؼʱ̣Ťתƣתơ
ֵƣȻ׵ı¶ȥںУ֤¶Ҳ֤ôƺƴ֤۴죬޿ڵ֤աּ֮ڡ
ǧǧ
һ飬ڶӡ磬ںеǳʱ;кĵӡӡӡǰһģ޷ĥ𡣴ֻؼ䣬¹ӡͬˣ꣬λһģУûС
֤ģǴӡҲһʱ뵽Ѫеķӡǣʵ򣬶ڴﵽһεǿ˵ӡҲǼ
о仰գԼ񣬾Ǵڡ
ԣ֤κεطԣ޸ϵΪѾ֮Сûз֮ǰ޷ѵġҲյģһʼ֤ǾǧͬʱʼһʧܣͻԪˣ𺦸
ҪʵԽͨ磬ҪߵյѶȾµףͺͨСǧ磬ʲô죬ʦܷգҲǷգֻСǧӡȻСǧķӡǿȣ޷Ķȡ
Сǧǿ߷պ󣬾ͻǧ磬ʱֻӡҪѣҪգֻ˵һδͻƽ޷֤
ֻдﵽΨһε磬һգƼǾ֤һ֤֤
Ҫ֪УǧȫǧҪǿ󣬸ӵԲȻҪƼѶȾͻҲУΪֹûµ֤֣ڵĴܼǿߣһԪģǼ̳һԪŲҪȻܶܣֻ¶δܹٴ֤
֤Ѷȴ
˵壬ͬѡ
Ȼ˿̣Ҫģηա
̤ڻУûпʩչͨͷѪܱ߻֮ϣȻľɢһ㱦⣬ĥһʱڣƾפڻ֮С
תҪͻƣѾԭѪԲǰģһһҪͻƣͻᴥڵıԴӡ
ɣ죬ҾҪ֤һм
һһĨᶨš
Ϊһ죬Ѿȴ̫ʱˡ
ʾͻƵھת
һ䣬ԭϯаѹȥͻƣٴοʼֻڰѪȻ䣬һɫѪֻܿڱʮãͬʱ϶ʱֻһЩϸȥǧÿһ׳ޱȣݳһǿÿһ˸ȻͬĵϢǷϢǷ·һط
һֲɺĸо
طʲôص繹ɵĸҪءԽԽǿԽҲԽӵԱơ໥ġЩÿһͨǧҪ׳ʮֹٱֹһ鱦δ׽նϱ顣
֪жǿ
ǧôһ㣬ǿ϶ڡ
Ŷҿ
¡¡
˲䣬ڣ˿Ѿ۳ʵʵı϶һͬѪֱӴڸ֣ͷ֡Ϊſھ޴ıͷա˿ʵʣһ϶ò·ʱɢһ
޴ͬһءһֱѹȫѹͷ
ãգѼ֪ҡ
컯֣ɱ
ѾԺģ֤ǧΣβֹ
ɣּ䣬ʹһ컯֡
컯֡⵶
Ϊ⣡
һɫ֣Ϊһ쵶쵶ϣȫܸܵһŨµ⵶⣬޾ķâţһնһϡ

ϣֱӱһ貵ĻǣĽ˵սľϣһֺɽĴϢһ֮
ľˮУؼķ֮ǿ󣬿֪ҪǣͣǿޱȡԶ鱦ͬԴأԺҪһ޷նϵĻһ̣նȱڣѸϣҪٶȲ죬ֻǼ䣬ͻָ֮ǰĹȫͱɰ׷ѡ
⵶£˲䣬ֱ֮Ӿͱһǿնϡ£Ҫ顣
ңֻһնһȻ⵶ϵĹâڰȴûֱɢնһ
һ

ն⵶ųɢ
컯֡ì
ûκγɣһͨѾ˳ȥһ֮ܿǰնϵķΪһ⣬Ϊһɽſڱײȥ·Ҫ飬ʱ͸޴ѹһ飬ڣз뵽УķҲٴλָΪͬѹ
һΣ׼ʵ̫ˣĥ£컯ָԺڿΪٶȹһδٵĴȫ컯ֵ⣬ﵽ˽ٵĲΡŽٶ֮ң


2105 
ն콣ֻ̣
ħ

һǼ컯ֲϵĳЩȥһϱ飬ķԽ࣬ЩݻĸֹҲڳžſڱķ𹥻лΪɽ壬лΪлΪˮΡþſڱϷ·һ룬ͻᱻƷ顣
ֻϧѾ׵õϴϴЩңڵѪԴԴϵѪӿ뱦УΪṩԴԴϵ
Ҷϣ
һ⣬Ȼ䣬һһ̫ƾճ֣űΣһϿټ˹ȥ
꣡
һܿһۿɼٶȷ顣ĴڣɣѾײе˷ָĵزĸ鱦ûκ𡣽ɱ֮ӵ¡ؼɱ˿ƿն
׷ױնϡ
Ƴߣ

Ǵ
ͬʱ˿ͣһ컯ּûͣٵĴգۼ䣬Ϳܼͬһķۿɼٶ
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Ŷۣ˻ģ˻֤ۣ
ʣһǧʱһ䣬ſڱȻ俪ʼ⣬϶룬˿ڱѹ˷ͬʱӿѪڱУȻܿͬʱֳһߵķӰ
ħʣڤʣʣʣɻʣʣʣǻʡ
ÿһòȫƣֻǣϵȴȻͬÿһ𶼴ݳһѹŰ˻ʵĻϢأһ䣬µߵǺӵת
ͬʱӸԱ̤϶ֱۣû뵽϶Уתۼ䣬Ϳ϶ڣϹתֳϵһսۣͷӰ֮֡һ֣ѹ糱ˮķؼ䣬һжΧתһһѡ
һΪۡ
۸֣תһöɫӡȻ֣ӡϣֳ۶֡
ˢˢˢ
ӡֵͬʱٲȻ˿ڱڵİöӡͬʱӡӡȥ֮ӡƴǡ˿ڹӡȥÿһöӡȫΧĿռѾʼŤ
ӡ򣡣
һӡ֮ͷʣķȻͬһŴӡڣ赲ơ
ֻǣʱȻܿһɲɵֵΰӡб

ʣһǧͬʱ£ϣһɲɿܵ־£׷顣
գƼշ֪ҡңڴڡ
ڴз˲䣬һ޷ĴϲÿһѪӿָ֣оǱߣԾĹҳһĨЦ⡣һϷ·ῪɽκĻ죬ڣң޾֮䣬ٲһֱĸоһƽȵĸо
Ҳ޷׽Ĩɱ
ҲܡûдǰֻҪԸ⣬׽²ǻҲܶɾ޴ѹƣʮսУδʩչһ롣
ڣȴᣬƼζţеӡѾƣȻ˵ӴԺһԱ˵־ƽȵʸӵϿɵʸ֤Ҫ´Ҳӵоܾʸ
ˢ
ƼһвŸոտʼûнȻܿǱǧƬ˲ͱſڱͬʱ̽ȥϯһաȻ󣬾ſڱͬʱڡ
õ϶˲ۡѪгȹ̡
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֮
һ
һһʮ
ţֱɽڵЩƬ·ڶбΪһɹɫأ糱ˮӿ֮ڡͨ嶼ڷ⡣
һεαԴѪ·㲻
ٶ̫ˡ
򿪣ǧ飬ΪϣֱӳΪԴѪɱܸоܱ߻еĻ֮Ծ˵ٶӿڡ
ͨͨ
һñԴѪٶȣڲϼӿ졣
ÿһαԴѪڱ
ÿһѪⶼڷ⡣
ſڱУȻȻĸֳһѪ֮дƤĤѪ⣬ѪҺ裬һ𾭹ǧ
ѪҺеɫø֡

磬ͻȻ䣬ؼ䴫һ嫵ѹ
ţУз裬ֲϣݣɻƮиشϣֱȥ·һϴеһӴӿ֣ԴԴϵð˳鲼͸ооԪڣһΪ
콵أֲϣ裬ӿǡ֤
˭˭֤ˣΪʲôûκףΪʲôûκ֤棬֤ҪؿôΪʲôʲôûп֤ˣ˭֤
֤һԪ֤ˣ˭λ֤ˣһ겻㣬Уһ֤ǿߣҪɳҲҪϣڲżʮ꣬겻˵ϢôܣǼٵ֤ɡ
п֤ģǴʥͥʥû˵֮Уκ֤Ҳûо٣ⲻʥ֤ѵаصǿߺһ֤⵽ôġ
˭˭
ƽʱȻǻƽʱֵ֤˿죬ֻ½иȫ֤ǿߵʱľʣҪʼô˭֤ˡ֤ˣбҪͷ¶β𡣡
УһӣʿǴ㶣Ȼ¶ǿҵĺ𾪡
𾪵ʱֱ֤ǳ󣬺ǣ˭֤һ׶ûС
֤ǾԪ֤һˡһվһ˲䱬ﵽ¡
ո˵Ĵʱ̣Ӧ䲻
֤ˣûбҪٹȥŶԡ
ƫƫ֤ȴûκ֤ԡ¶ݵĶûС
ܶڵȴȴ֤طԼ
ȻС̶ʱڣѾ֤Ȼ֤˵ҲǴһϣվе֡ԺֻŴףҪǿϡǰɱΪҹȥС
ͷУһɫܲÿ
ʱһС
һУȻܿһЩɷǵ˿ؼ󣬻û˳Լ֣һĨɫзڴ
ûᣬûվ֪أϵڱ컯
߰Էһૡ


2106 컯
ûᣬĺûᡣһΣϸǮԵˣ컯ˣʱ仹׼ݣֻҪץסһ㣬ǾζţԼΪпʵ֣ǵõĬһ֤ʵģԼҪһɳˡ
йâһԺиͷȻԼҪ飬һСģ֤ߣ˵ͻֱһָͷԼһɹǾһ졣
ˣ
кһºϡ
Ȼֱ̤գڿնҲ֪ʲôһӣκȻĳУ·һ˸ոյ֤У
ƶ컯ˣ֤컯컯֮ѹˡĬɵ컯컯֮ɽ棬黯ʵΪܣΪ档컯
Ǯһɹ֣ڼ䣬纣磬·㣬ΪӦ
һɹУɢƣɽһɲĸо·ϣ޾컯·ϣκһвܵ顣
Ŀ⣬ԼͬĿǮ
컯ˣ컯֤컯ôΪʲôһ㶯ûС
ҵ죬컯˵˭ǰôû˵һ׶ûУô˵֤֤Ҳ̫˼ˡ
컯컯
컯Ԫ֤һˣ̫˲ˡ
鷢ź
к棬Ҳпȣⲻ壬Ԫ֤һˣֱǿʷ֮ȺӡΪһߡ壬Ȼͬģһڶǲһ
˿̣컯ˣؼΨһĽ㡣
Ŀ£ſ϶£ܸо컯ɢԽӵԽӵɲ⡣һ컯һ
컯Ϊʲôûио֤ġ
Ů洹УŮüգһĨɫ֪Ϊʲôܵĸо컯ƺЩŹ֣һֺĸо
ŮѾǻԪʥˣһԪǹ֤ʥŮ洵ĵƫ컯֮Ҫǵ깦֤ѾҪ컯֮ŮˣⱾ컯һԪҲֻطߵľ컯֮׼컯ֲ֤ȱݡ
ֻǣͻȻð컯ˣȻ֤컯ĸӦȴоЩŹ֣Ϊ컯·֮Ĺ컯ˣ֤ȴоƺԼķɿ֤컯һ㣬ҲЩɡо֡
ȴûж˵ʲô
컯ˣе㡭˵ζ
ʲôС
ܶవеĴĿú󣬶һüΪ֤вŶԣǵ˽⣬һԪУһʿоٶ졣սǿߣѾﵽ̨۷壬֤Ҳ֮ңΪ֤Ȼͨĳַ֤Ϣ
¶ΣΪ޷˽⵽
һУһ㣬ܹܶġ
֮ǰѾоųɵİգ֤߾Сܱ಻ţԼž㹻ˡ
ڣ컯ͻȻһӣʮֵĲ죬ǵƲ⣬Ȼˡ컯˵Ǵʲôطðġʵ̫ˣӱ濴ȷʵ֤컯ı֡
Щͷԡ
˼Ҫ޶ë޼٣ⲻ컯֮ƭֻҪ֤֤ǿߣ컯֤ƭ֤ƭΪ컯ΪһšֻǣԼģվԼġҪǱƣǾĭ㳹ɢȻ׼ҽǳȫкη
ͫ΢΢һе컯ˡ
˲ܿ϶֪֤ܲԼǱˣ˳ð䣬ңֶΣð䣬޼٣棬ٵĽޣױģһƭӡ
ԲƣǼٵģҲġһ̣컯ľ֤ʵ
һԱƣһΪ˲ɢΪֱɼٵġûţǻԾû壬ƭʧˡµĻԣҲ֮
ҪԸ⣬ھͿ״ԣϾݣֳ֤һлԣơ
ʲôô
ȫûС
֮컯˳ǰȫһĵƣڱҪʱȫԽ˽շеһơ
˵ôͺֱܴӽԼɣ״ųɾšԼؼƻνǴɹ컯˾һöϵӣ֪飬˭Ҳκƭò˵൱Ĺ档
ȻнҪѸϵ컯ǲҪ롣̫֤
ҵģܸ֪
еȻһЦйâһһƾճ֣е컯ƿնȥ
ˢ
˲Ϣ䣬ͱ컯УסͬʱһѶϢԺС
ţɫ΢΢һ䣬һ˲ͻָӱϣκεĶߡ
ϴ鷳ˣȻ
컯аԽп࣬ѶϢĳʵ̫ˣȻ֪Լôʮصĺڿ鷳Ҫ󣬲֪Ҫ϶ٱ
ѶϢݹҲģζţڶʱڣԷǲҴԵģ⽫һᱻҿܡ
ˣ鷳ҲԺ飬ڲҪģҵĵڲϳɳʵġ
컯аԾ

ϧûг״ԲʮαԴѪöÿԴѪٶȣϸĵرʳӦû̵һʱڣʮ꣬Ϳɡ
иڵı仯ڵıԴѪѾﵽʮö
Բֻвö
峹״ԲΪѪḶ̡́
֤ϱ壬ȫԺ鱦ɱȭͷܺ󲿷鱦֪Ѿǿʲô̶ȡ
֤ת϶һı֤顣һ㣬أֻ֤ڽͥʱõʱڣûеʱ򡣡
̤ھУԳ
ϵѾʧϣֻܿͬͨʿһѾ׷豹棬κ֤ĶߡϾϣǺѿ֤ĺۼġ¶˭֪
һΣؼʱ̣Բκ͸¶
ߵŮҲˡ
ʱ䣬չǰѾȥ졣
֪УڸĹ׽һݱĽ׶Ρ
ʿС
һ޴Ĺսϡ
Ȼܿһ֧ӴʿȻսϣ֧а֮ࡣܿʿͨ嶼ɫ


2107 Ծ
ʥʿšʥ۹ǿصһ֧ʥ۹֮󣬾ͳ׷ɢ۹뷷Ϊ壬ͳһһЩʥʿ߳ȥʿķʥ۹Ȼ̩ɽ
һۣȴȻɾʿ־Ѿȫ뵽Ϊһ֡Ǽ꣬ɵһʱҵԭȵĬսϣκӰ죬ΪΪԭȸǿսøǿ
ǰ棬Ȼܿһ׽ʿսףͨɢʥϢʿȻʿϣʥϢһĵѹ
ʥ۹ʥۣǵ۹֮ʥʿŵľųִ֧ҲֻƿڵСһΣ¹صʿˣغʥ۹ˡʥ۸ܸ߸ϵģֻ˫עӣһսҪԹ˧ս
ֻͳʥʿţǿʿš
һսδ֪ǰ;ϡһսǱҲǶԵʿ򡣴ʥͥ治֪ʥǺε˿Ľ˳ʥͥͥһսܣδزһ¡
ʥһԶһĨ֮ɫ
˳֮ļѣֻͬΪ˳֮ףˣǿˣ׳ʵЩҪʱ䣬Ҫ̣̣̫ˣϣάʥ۹а±һ൱ѹȻط֣棬ͨʳӣԶͨҪĶࡣ
̶һ¾ոһΡʱ̡
Ҳõ
ǣֲȫҪڻҰУͻٸָݣһЩݣϲ͵ʳֲΪݣҪÿԤ֣ũбϮֱӱץߣǵ˺ƬΪһЩʳÿ궼Ҫʿרȥܱ߽Ѳӡ
һܵõʳôӲ
Ǵףɳǳдĵ˸ǰеڣʳֲȫǵ񣬾ơԣ׵ʳൽԲ꣬ÿάװճ٣Ǻѹɶ˳˵ʳӶࡣ
ʿҲֻάһ٣ںܶطһһ١
άЩʥҲ֪ԼѾˣչҪʱ䣬ǿҲҪ̣ûа취ƾձǿʳҲûа취ֱӱ˵һ٣ֻҪͣٶٶҪ⡣
Щʥ۶ǳĬá
Щ鲻ۣʵЩ˳ĸ
ֻЩϣ׵ʲôࡣ
ңзĴڣͶߣӵһ൱õĽһ㣬ȷʵܶ˵ĵִ֮ǰӣǶĺúõģɳڣʮҲûɡֲ˼
棬һ仰Ϊ˳ۻʡ
˳ĵۻʣ׵Ȳϡ
ҪʿҲô׵ģ٣һսһҪ򣬶ңҪóȫʵעҪ֮ǰҲҪһΣķһΡҲҪôףʿվߡʿ
һսҲɱʥ۹硣
սһߣǴ׵Ĵֻһ֧ţȻͳİš
󣬰һ֧Űɫۻüףް˵һͷ壬ɱƷ׾һ֣ѷɫǳ֮Ϊ𡣰õǵѪȻƷ׼ߣͨѩףëƬۣܼĸճߡ
ͷǡһɫĶǡͨɢ죬̤ơǿʱ̤ڿգбܡٶȼ죬̺ıҲʮǿ󣬷Ҳǿ͸ߴ󡣾еļƷ
ڻ޵ҲʮһֱŸԲˡ۳ԭʼüף޽ҵһ֧Ⱥ࣬ܲףֻܹţڣѾרŵ˴ޣܹ䵱ޣڴУʮܻӭ
ڣ׾ڣѾרų޵꣬С磬ÿģƯģսģģ࣬ڴʮʢУһЩŮޣϲһЩѩϲȵȵޣΪƽʱڼУܸԼͬȤζŽеķơ
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ޣѾǴһʮֳҵ
ȻǺ󻰡
֧ſ˵Ƕľš
Ƹǲ˵ڼУһھУнʿνͬʹ࣬ͬͬסһΪͻͽһȺųУҲһС
ţڸУҲһ
ʥʿŵսиһ֤
ʵĿ϶
һսܰܡ
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2111 ̫
µĻڴмһȳһ˫˫Ŀ֮óʲôʱȺڸĽ򣬸ĽűܵһԽ󣬵Խ㣬ζţ׵ԽԽ磬ˣǼȵߡ
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Ҳɵ΢΢ü
ūдǷȱøУһһּһھϵūۣҲǴУڷʼն־裬䷢չ׳ᡣ
򣬼ŷΧ֮ڡ֮⹫
йâһ˵
Щпܱƿصġ
͵ĽѲҪƿأ鷳ΪһĶȥЩͽԥѡȥѾūۣٹ̣ˣѾˡ
ͽУѾӡ
޳
ܽλᣬȥٴӴȥǶڽǴкôġ
£ڣȴܹͬĿǰǵĿȣһУǿʱģֻΪһʧ֤ɹĿԡ
ܿ죬
һѸٳ˷ɢȥ
Ľٴοɱһȫµĳǵ̨λϣ׷׿ʼӳԼĲܣܵļӿ췢չ֪񣬾ǿǵĹؼʱ̣չĿ뻵Ϊ֮ڵһ֡
ԴԴϵȫ˿ڱǨƵһ³ڡ
ЩĽȫҪ˿ǰ䡣
Щڴףȴѹ
жȱڣֲȥ
ЩС
һôģֻʮֵζ
ûãһϢڴдݿ
Ϣȴ˲ܱɾ޴Ӱ졣
ʲô׵ʲô˼Ѿ˶ҪʣڹĽƿأǾһʮܱ߶ƿأȻ㣬Ҫšս칷⨺򣬶˳ڣ׼ҪʲôѾˣֱǵôߣ̫
̫һڵõϢ¹̬˲ըˡҪãǶʧ̫ˣȫţڿԡ
αʿɲãǵôߣڴ׵ţӦѾ㹻˲Ŷԡȥθ̫Сıҭ
̫һĶ˵
ϸ⣬붼һʹ
˹Χ˹׼
̫һ˹ѯʵ
УһҪվͬһϵ˼
˹ɫҲܲÿΪţŶԣû뵽׵ĲȻͣҪʲôǲӡ̫ѿˡ
ٿᣬʥ˵
ڤĿ䣬κֱ˵Լ
ͬ⣡
˹Ӧ
ߣʵҪ˵ʲô
̫һЦ˵
ܿ죬о͵õϢǱ¶һĨƽЦݣĸһۺ˵߰ɣһȥ˭ҴŻвͬ
̫һǣδػЭ
ĸ΢΢ü˵


2112 
ɲǲӦƽ˵
Ҳûж˵ֱӺĸһǰڤڴ֮ڡ
һȥͿڣһѾСĿͬʱϣƺһֱı顣һξۻᣬνֱΪжеģעҪΪʸ֮ġ
׵ģʲô˼ΪʲôҪŷΧ֮ڡĪǾ۸ɡ̫һĿе󣬺ԥֱӿʼѡ
ҴѾ滮õļȶŹߡ
кԥķλѶӦúҪʥͥͥôף˸˵оУҪ㹻ĽӴ˿ڣķչĿء˻ٶȲӡ̶ʱڣҪô׻ýͥˣӿţȡĽܰ쵽ΪʲôŵĽ򣬴󲿷ȫ̫࣬Ӵռ㹻ĽΪʲôкüŷΧ֮ڣȫֻһɺϡ
У룬ֱӱӴ󣬵֮£У֪˶壬ǳҪſֽţһ壬һһѼֻʮֻסЩټϣҪµ˲䱬ը
УпһͨΪǣʲôֻҪǣֲҲǲľ壬ݣܱ塣ֻǡǿпǺǱϻλֲĵط¸ʮȷⲿ
δϻһЩ谭ֻ˵ȫֵһᣬҪжţЩǿֲģһԪ壬ܹХأǴʹùֻǣڻûдģʹöѣʵںܶУѾʼʹֵ㻯ֶΣ׾
ΪһСӱеǿߡ
ıȡ
˵Ҫſֽţ廹Ҫܱ⡣ԣռ˶ɣйأؼ䣬ֻҪһͿЩ˱ԼˡεȵĿ¡
˷ָ
ʱʣǽһλá
Ŀ׷ڶ̫һϣҲǴżΪӵı飬Ͼ˵ģ٣ʵ˭ܸܵĿ֮

ǿһԪйġ
ȫǿԤġ
뵽ǿľ󣬺ܶĴǿߣҲɰȻһ衣УѾһ˿ǿҵļɵ
׵ģǿʶ岻չѡ˵
̫һһԸоΧ̬ܶȷת䣬ĿⶼýȻͬ
ǲǣ޹أֻǹĴʥͥķչҪͥҪţĽ򣬲ṩˡʱڣɽɹ˵ĻۡĿУϣʵܹз㣬̫ʧǾ콫еǨƳȥ
ƽ˵ڲ˶̫һһ󣬺ıŵĿ꣬ģҪ¡
ߣɵļ仰ҷδЩ췽ҹ̷
̫һɲ޵˵
򰡣УҲ൱Ҫɲ֡ôǾԲ״Ӧ
ҿڵĽѾ㹻ˣûбš
˹Ҳ˵
ΧڣҲнΪĿꡣ
Ҫϸá
һԵЩݣĺҡҡӣ˵
һĹ漰棬ʵ̫ˣЩУǾԼеأҪ⣬ʧͲֲġ
ЩҴϵ֮ڣṩˣĳаգô׽ͥʱ䣬ʮꡣ
ֱ׳һ仰
ʲôʮꡣ
֮ǵǿǺҪͥڰɣѾ൱˼ˡ̵ĻǾǰ궼ܹҪǴȥһˡҪǣǾҪʱ䡣
ʱԽ̣ǾԽӵû㹻ʱ׼ǵʤͻһ֣ʱ򣬻ʤĿԣ͸Ӿ޴һ궼ܷ˸ı䣬ӲҪ˵Ǽʮꡣ
ֺô˶кô
洦
Ƕ̫һҲҪɫ䣬жݡ޷󣬴һ㣬ʮʱ䣬ǾԲһ򵥵֡
ʥȷǰʮꡣ
ڤһѯʵ
õĻֹʮꡣ
кԥ˵
ߣⲻܣ˵ѣҪ˶ȡĽ򡣡̫һЦŷ
ʥ¾״ﲻҪ󣬵ʱԸλǸ
ƽ˵
ãȻˣãż򣬲޲ɡͶƱͬҲԷԣΪ
ڤֱһ˵
ͬ⣬ϵʥôȻаա
ңɢЦ˵ʾͬ
Ҳͬ
Ӧ
ԡ
зŴܷԡ
ͬ⣡

ڴУֱͬռݴȻеĳŵʮֵĶģһʵ֣ôʵ̫ˣȫǸıռݡסȨʱ̣൱Ҫġ
˵Ļ붫ʵѺλѴΪ֪ͨеǨƳȥУҴ׻µʱл塣ǲǨƣǾֱսϷʤһ
еȻһЦƽ˵
򶫻̫һĿ⣬ʮֵζƺϣܹӲһأ浶ǹĴһδزһ¡
ߣ
̫һɫ࣬в֪һЩʲô
ȻԲƽ
һΣĴʵ̫ˡ
ǳ裬ȫ̫
ȴؿڣǽһǽһܡһһףһ䣬Ӵֱȥ
ܷ׷ȥ
ʥڣ¶Цݡ
аսͥʱʮꡣ
ĸѯʵ
ǺǣģȻῪЦ˶ĽһǾʮһ°աİٶף׵ԴԴϣ罭ϲ˾ˣֻԽԽ࣬ԽԽӴѩ׳գƲɵ
ŵ˵
ҪǣÿΪ״ˣԴԴϵӡ׽¯ͷųȥĹߣѾʼӳãҪǣҿʼֲʵüֵҵռ䣬ǿмѹȥЩҵķݶˣȻˮǴߡҵ
ӲҪ˵׻ŵȨ
Ҫʲô⣬ţǿ̡


2113 ʮ
׵жʮѸ١Уһ֧֧Ͷս󣬴ƽٶ֮鱻ǿз飬촷ۣһɳǲϳ֣۵ˮʦתԣиָĲľȥõ»ָ̣ͨռҪ鷳Ķ࣬Ķࡣ
Уԣ鷳¡ԿսͷĳŴ׸ŷ𹥻֪УҲηÿ춼кϯһ
麣սӵ¡
ְҹĽ
ֻϧЩھԵǰɱǿ顣
һɳǿʼճɳڡݲ򣬻ΪһƬƬɫڽСͰνǱףһδ𷴻ֻϧ޲һ´󽫽ɱ
һʱ䣬Ͱ汻ɱ۹ĵ۶֮С
һս纣ֿµԴԴϣȫڴսУǸ׸ɲСˡΪͰ棬ֱͨ۶ֱԻ٣ʯ١
ֶον൱İҡ
Ͱ滹ûϻ򡣱صص㡣ֻ£һգֻһʢ硣
ڳ׽鷴΢΢ü˵
ʵ̫ѱɱˣϻ͵ǵڶûдݻϻ£һ㣬ΪѲһ㡣
ȻҲֻѲѣڴף˵δڣҲ̫в
Ͱһ򳹵ƿء
鲢ûг״ӽʧˮʦתȴȫģһЩ֮أȴǸٹ̣ԱЩطΪ֮أֲϽȥܱԴɳѹ
ֻҪͰȻвȴɸԵ˺
Ů׽Ѿ£гʤǰһ˲䣬Ů׽һƬӦͷô죬Ůи߲׷ѡ룬Ů׽ӴҵȻдŮΪϴ䳾Уܲܳδ֪
ڣգڳΪǿڴޱȣ׵ǿʢȫǿĿõġؼ䣬˭˲ĽҸ
ǣеӣŮѹֱ϶ûУΪе˲õתûܹܵ˵ġ
ȻӦơ
ϣǲһϡֱ˵ʲôʲô
Ȼٵõڴĸִ˲䣬ܶ˶״סˣָо·һͬɾ֮ǰޱߵǻζ벻
ÿٱзԼķӣ켮дʳЩǰζβ顣
ΪˣΪ׹ӽ˭ҪԴ˵ãһһٽ⣬ҲҪһѵ
Ů׽ȫǶԴһǿҵͬ
ǰĶԱȣȫرֻҪɵӣеǸãֵ֧֣Ȼǿ֪顣
ңصӵ
ʤĴڣҪٴɿĻǾԲܳɹġûǷӵĿռ䡣
򱻹˺ܱԭȼȶĿʮͳͳƿء
ѪȫЩ
˿ûֹͣԴԴϵݣǸʬˣڷ׼Ѫǣۣʱ׼һֵš
º
ܱ߼ȶ⨺칷ʥý򣬺ս򣬸ȫƿأУȫ룬ȻǷڽµİӣһ㣬Զ׼ģڸУ¹飬Щ飬󲿷ֶ壬и̽ӣӡ
ƫƫЩµ飬ǱҪɵģѾø룬ҪЩ鶼ɲ£ɣԵô׵̫С
һЩеİʲôҴ֮УصİѵֻҪǲĴ׵飬ǾȥǣֵעһЩͿԡ̫С֡аӣҲ˴šؼʱδزܽǣͬЧҴôݵǣԸĹҴףǾǴһͬʡ
ڵõһϢ
˵
ڴİӣ˿֣Ѿ֪ײţռݵĽԽԽ࣬յİ˿Խ࣬ҪһЩӣǼֱǲҪ̫ɡ
һЩССıƣκβ˴׵ġ
һЩӣܹݳϢվСңԴ׵ķжٰܹȫе֪ǰĺܶవӣѾ׽Լˣӵݡԭȵϵ׵׵Լˡ
׵ͬ൱ǿġ
ң򣬻һ򵺽ƿ֮ڣ򵺽򣬺⣬ԵΪССĵ鲼ЩУдţħ֡УѪħΪѪħ̵ͳɪɪʵڤΧڴ׽򸽽
֪а취ٷչ׳ˣӿͥʱڤֱӾͽ򽻸˴ף˵ֱ͵ĽѪħ̶г롣
򵺽׾ٵľͱƿ֮ڡ
֮׵ų׸һ䡣
һ£ƿصĽʮµͳĽֱӴʮ
ϢĽ׶Ρ
һΣʮǴ׼һԳһӣĽҲûкúһΣϢĻֻ»Ӱ졣
ҲãӦý׶ΣȥЩսԼɷָһ֡
ҲӦøŬ˵źǴ׵˲ŴٴοʼȱŬѧʶڿƾӱɹ̤Ǵ׵Ĵ̨֮ϡ
Щ죬׾ڣѧӾۼһ¶Цݣ໥̸£ֹ¡
ţڴ׾ڰնԣֱϲ£ܶԭȵˣѡǰ³ǿġȥ³ǣЩˣҪ뷢ƣɹӱ¡൱ɵ顣ǸһηҵĻᣬ֪֮͡
˿ڣôġ
Ҫǣ׵˲ŴٴһգѧӶԣǴõĻᡣֻҪͨƾ٣ܳΪе˲Ŵ֮һϳõĻǰ
ҲϢ
Ҳȷʵôġ
ʮƿغ󡣴ֱӴķعս硣Ľȫ˰ꡣĹߣϵʵȥ
ǹȥ
ԴԴϵʩСܱ߻Ұ̽飬ũĿѣزĿÿһ죬ȫµı仯ڷ


2114 ʮ 
ʱ䣬Ȼš׳ͣȫһȫչ״̬Сһչʮʱȥ
֪УѾʮʮ
һֵĿƾټС
ڴϢ󣬾飬ոһߣ¹ؿƾ١һһεĿƾ٣ֱӱΪһΣϾѧȻڶ࣬вѧĺӵܲһһεĿƾƶȣ̫ƽ޷вǵѧӣֵĻȡ֪ʶĻۣǱȫھ
ãڲеҪĳ˲šԣһ֮ȷƾʱһΣĻѡγ˲ţӵĳɫ㡣
ʵҲˣһεĹ߿ʼʵʩȺοƾ٣ѡγ˲У͵˲Ÿ࣬ƾлȡķߡһϣиľĵá
Ҳù߸Ľʵʩȥ
ڣѾ¹ߺ󣬵꣬Ҳǵοƾ١
ܿɳУÿ춼ԴԴϵĸѧӿӴ߳ƾʮ塣ܶ࿼ǰһز໥̸꣬۽ѧʶǿƾ֮ǰҪһôѾΪһֹңѧ᳹׿ţѧӿǰѧһ졣
кܶӣУͻͽõ档
ԣЩ죬ɳڵľ¥ң֮أһƽ磬ǸѧҪȥ
ˢ
ʱͻȻ䣬ʥһźƴƣߣһƿնû뵽ʥСţϼ貶Ŀ
⣬һʥнˣ̫ˡûĻӦѾʥڶʮˡ֪һʥӻʥ
ϲ£ϲ£ƯһסСϾơ
һװĿú󣬶¶Եϲף
ʮ꣬˵ƽҲƽ˵ƽǴпǲƽ
ڽսʮʮ³еʮãҲǵλŮʮʥ
ʣϴ񣬾б̺ͫԶϤռգ̽ʵ׽󺣣ܼȡ֮ʮʮ³ĸװ硣
Σֽһõ
ʮӣײ׺ʣϴ񣬾ɹǣ֮ʮһ¶ʮɹڣ֮ĸװơ

£һõΪʮӡ
룬ʣϴ񣬵ϣ̺鱦ӡʮ³ߡĸīѩ

ºһõΪʮŮ
ʣϴ񣬵Ϻ쳾ϡ̺쳾֮ɻǧ쳾˿ݺأ˷쳾֮Ϊ壬һѿաʮʮߡĸ׷𽡣
Ҳǵ񣬼̳еĺ쳾ϣΪϣøࡣһɳȻǰ;

߸ºʥٴγõΪʮӡ
ױʣϴ񣬵θɸĵرϱ壬ﵽ£鱦գ֤ʮ¶ʮһĸ¹Ӣ

ʮʮеʮŮΪɣʣϴ񣬵壬ɼȡ壬޹覣ʮʮĸͯʡ

׻飬ʣϴ񣬾ٻϣٻɾȡͬ黨ɻֲͬͨʮ³ˡΪеʮŮĸ׻ľ

һ꣬ʮӵ׾ģʣϴ񣬾ڰϣڰìʮʮһĸ׻ĺ¡

󣬵ڶʮӵգʣϴ񣬾ϣվʮ¶ʮߡĸ

ûãڶʮһŮ裬ʣϴ񣬾ˮ壬ˮ֮һױȵ׺ʮһʮĸ

ʮʮڶʮӵʣϴ񣬾壬֮ǿ׺׵ͨ񡣵ʮ¶ʮġĸ㡣
˵ÿ꣬ʥжĹе
Ǳϴ
һռƣ˵컯ɳѰʿһӶ޷󼰵ĴڣĹ󲻿ԡӵʮÿܵһϴ컯ڴ׵ۻѪһֶȨ˵עڴʥУضʮܹϴ֮ӵ
ʥеŮǿϴĻᣬֻҪпܣ᳢ܷõȻ̥Ǳﵽ£ܵ˵£Ȼ£ΪҪõϴǿеã𺦵ǱĻǲģʼձһԵķΧ֮ڡ
ڵòҲûйϵվţϴҲ޷
οڵϴ񻹺ܳ㣬٣ʱڸҪ̫ǣΪʥãһ컯ϴֻǽ
ãûҲ̫⡣
ںܶĵľһεлŮ
ʥϲڶʮʥƽȡװ飬뷷Ϊ鹫ͬ졣
ʥּѸ¡
װ飬ʣ֮壬ѣ飬еصӦſԲȵͷܵ±һʮʮĸѡ
װʣȻй¶Щڵۻʹе˽֮£Ҫй¶ȥҪɱͷĴڲ⡣
ã׼һŮʣԱһǡ
ЦűŻеŮַеãȷʵ޷ݵģʱ䣬òϵҲһˡ˵ԽԽãѡѹѡڶԣ֮ǰǲȥŮڸУÿ൱ġ
ϲ
ЦǺǵ˵ʥпˣһļҡǰǺ̫ˡ
Ůʥڣÿ춼ֵģСۼһ𣬸˻֡õŮһϲЦտÿ춼ĸԹԱ
Щûеõģ¶Ľ֮ɫֶʶĸŸȻ¶һڴ֮ɫ
ŮûʣãҲСֻǣ֮Уãǳ顣
ţϴȻҪΪҴ׵ĵۻʹУûϴ񣬲Ҫ⣬ʲǳΪǿߵΨһ·ҴУӲȱԴʱˣӡʱ䣬׻ƽЩСһõĳɳʱڡڴǵĵ
ҲЦſЩźӵŮ˵
ŮȻǶơ


2115 ҹ
Ⱥ飬檵ҲΪٴξһѡ㣬һôиĹ֮ĸһҲٴγʵʥʱҵҲܶһЩµĽáΡٴο˵
ЩͿԣ빬޶һˡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
վĲβͬһЩĿȻҲǽȻͬΪʿߵĲΣѾ⣬УŮõ顣ΪǿߣӵиľˣǿߵȨдûдҪĹ
ţģʱһΪѡǵľȻʧ
Ц˵
̧ۿա
ܿУ纣գͳʮӵа˿ڲףÿ춼֣ǺġٶȣվצĴСѾﵽʮɵľ˵زݹ㣬ÿĳȴʮɡңֻڲϱ仯ӡ
δʮɣʮɣһɶ롣
ǽɫˡ
ȻʮΪ׽żĹϵˣˣˡߺһԽԽȹ̣ʩȥֱѸתΪˡÿʩк󣬴˶˶ǡ
ҵѾʼһֱڡ
۶ˣԴԴϵӡ
ʹػӮԪ˵໥以кøУ鼱¡ҿ磬Ϊѡգлס֪Ρ
ٴʳһ⡣
һͬǰص۳뻪ӮԪһദҲ໥ۣϣ˴֮䣬˳ĵۻʹУͬⲢ٣ңòĸף׿һ콾һУȻǰéŮӵ֪
ӮԪͬò绪
˼Ҳ⣬Ȼ֮٣ҲͶϣԴϲ໥£Ǵ׻ǴأּɣԼһͬǰҲ׿ϵģЩڴ׶ԣͬ԰һ㡣ͨ󹩷ͽ˶ǰټϴ׸вϽӹȥ
͸Ѿﵽ൱ߵĲΡ
ǰУɣ壬ŵȵȡ
ȴûб¶Դ׵飬ԭȵĸȴ޷֪жڴ׵ġǱڸء͸ʮͨ͸
˵ֻҪԸ⣬һ£ͻֱӱ졣
ȻĽ򣬴ײû֡
ֻ͸ѣңܱ߽̽顣
ħƽУѾʮ֮ţǴЩܱ̽鵽ĽꡣȻֻΧЩУֵ̽еԱͽˣͨ󹩷ȵȣڳЩ͸ȥǱȥڶܱ߽̽ס
ʱŷɿ죬ʵڱÿʱÿ̶ΪŸָ׼
ף
ʱвɰԷһͶһԵĲԸӣټȺ
¼䣬ֱӳųλȥ
һȻܿһöڷ⣬ţһѶϢԺС
ڰб䣬Ԯ֪ͨ壬ڰб䡣
еѶϢԺڰڰŮȻ뿪ڰ򣬲һЩ֣ǸŮΣʱ̣ܹӽ룬ţִ׵ꡣ
û뵽һ̾ȻһϢ
ò˵жʮ⡣
ʮУ󲿷ʱ䶼ڹʵĥΪںڰĹעֻ࣬΢˽һЩ֪ڰУȺһĺڰңЩħħɱĥ𣬳׷飬ӦûڼҵĴս֮СϾڰУħħʵ̫ˡ
ҪѹףӲҪ˵ں滹ŸӿµĻ֡
Ժڰ˵Ӧǿѹס棬սһƵģͻȻϢսУһѾҪ֧ŲסˣʣһʲôڵȥǣЩĻŸӿµǿֶΡ

ڰС
ȻԿУһƬħ֮£ɢѹֵ˼ҪϢСؼ䣬ħָĻħһۿȥһĪĿ־塣ʵ̫£ͬħСÿʱÿ̶ܸоһεĶϮ
˿̣ںڰһڵԨС
ȻܿԨ£һ޴ڹӹϴݳϢܸܵһµħĲϲ򵥣ܵĹߣ·𶼻ȻıգܱߣܺڣڵڵĿ¡
ڴ˿̣ħУȻмӰڴڡ
Ϸһɫ۵Ӱڱϣܿòһ֣ڣԿ̽ÿʱÿ̶ڱãĪηɲ⣬ͷ·ǿһŵħ񡣿һͨ쳹صħ
ڴڣٲȻܿмӰࡣ
ȻУͷеļλͷ졣
һмĺУһڷ£ü䣬ɼȱһĸоħġ
һλǹ죬濴һȶ˵ŮӣԺȴһӵףĿú󣬲
ҹĩѧħ
Ǿͷ߻ҹ콾һ̣ԥһֹ̬ϷʩݼУ𾴣ȫۿ۵ġ
ʵʵǵλ
ǿǺǰλҹħǿɲһһԪ˷ĿǿߡУΪûȫָ۷壬ɲκ˿Ĳ
ҹУϵģȻԨħĸ㲻ϴڡҹĸԴ֮£ģһ벽ס
ҹйϵҹħ档֮⣬ʮλ벽ħ棬ҹеʮѪ¡֪ҹĵжôǿ
ֻҪлᣬп֤㣬ȻֻһӶпܵľҹħ棬˵㣬ֻôһ˿˿ľ룬ʱп㡣
һ˿ȴͬǵ
棬ǲླĴħЩħҹУͬһͨħ֧ҹĸж٣˭˵ֻ֪۳ħģ֪ģҹУвǧֻ֮һԪսУѾдħ䡣ħơ
ǰİħһԪһླĴħ
ؼ˵Ĵڡ
ȻҲǱȽҵһλɱлѹУһԪں£Ѷ㣬ںڰ򣬰ݷ£Ѿͳ˿µľ档


2116 ڿ
Ϊ֤ΪԪʥˣبΪף㼴棬Ϊ˰Ϊѡҹʮħ棬ʵبž۷Բبž벽ϴڣླҪبţȴôסһͻƣͬر𡣲࣬ؼս
ԣ༶ĴħҹУ
ΪÿһУÿһСΣ޷ֲĲࡣ
ħǲ༶εĴħ񣬾بףҲ֮ң䣬֪һԪĴսҵεȵز
Ȼڸգνһ
ħ䣬̧ۿգһƬ׵Ԩ뵱꣬һ£ͱشǶôµĻ档
λҹеĽܳſ콾ҹδҪ֧š
ħŴڵ콾ҲǰԵͷǵͣʱ򣬴ﵽ˾磬ȻǳͣǿܣܴȥδȻΪǿߣǿԤ顣
ǰǣܻǸʱ
ħˣһΣǴħսǷǵҪúڰ򳹵ҹƿأΪռһƱݣҪɱ콾ʥ֮ͥеĿġʱ򣬻ҪħںΪԷһ
ڰ˫ɷһĻ
׷չ̫ˣ˶ݵʱڣѾʥͥѾԤ֮⣬бһ콾սǿѾпɿϢ׼ͥһλ֮ߣӵе˼һɱȳꡣҪٽƣ͸ѡҾͷߣüμƻ޹۽ʧ
һ˵
дһ˿ɬ
ʵڲʲô˹ʵ顣
һ̣ûЩеϣǵĿһµģҪ֤ϣǺǰᣬҲлĸ󻼵Ļ
Уʥͥ˱ȷʵҲ˽һЩħսҹɼ谭ɳȥȻĸ󻼡ʱ޷뿪ڰһΣȻΪҹħսñռϷ磬лһɱܱЩܼǿߡһͳڰ򡣲ڰ⣬ûбħʴһ뿪¶֮£ʱߵĻԪʥˣȻ޶áبŴ½Ǳߣһ벽Ľǿߴڡ
ħһ˵
УûеǿҼɵһֿ־壬ֿ־壬ȫӡڹ
Ȼ̫עĻǷֲ˵ġ
Ҿͷߵ鱨ѶϢ׶ںڰѾעУ꣬һ֧Դʥͥн¯ҡУƲ⣬֮ǰħºڰ֮һδսµӰУֱܷʹõģӦǴ֮һϴͨ컯֡Կ϶ںڰУȻдʥͥİ̽Щ
Ц˵ڲҪֻҪԸʩѹϵǿ϶зϵֻҪʱڣйעĶǰмܣϵʱеԸмĿܻǰʱҵٽڰӵһпܡڰ򣬻Ϊе֮ء
е˽⣬һ֪ڰΣգҪҹռʴһӲҪˣҲֱɱҹսһ첻µزµļһ
ֻҲδرաһûء
ħ΢΢ü˵леǵġϾƻֻǿб۵Ըһнпܣ޷ٷ֮١
ò
۷һЦĻȻк֡̽鵽ϢбںʱԭȵеҴߣҲߡãҲиĸỵ́Ѿϣ丸ĸȴָΪֹûطϡֻҪǷųϢĸĸںڰ֮СʱȻò
Уһƶ֮ɫ
Ǿͷҵзɢĸĸ
ڰ˫ɷð⣬ҪģǶǶԣһ־Եܶϣӵиռ䡣ɱеĻֻκεĿԸߡ
ǲģиĸѶϢȷʵգ֤ʵ飬ǾͷߵֻҪųȥɲвӦ
Ц˵
Ǹұ֤һǰڰĵơ
ãȻǾͰռƻ¡ֻҪ̤ڰ֮ءˣиĸϢųȥúڰУڴ׵İӶĿϢݻȥ
Ҳͷʾͬ
ֻҪиǺڰ򣬾ķĹ
ħŵ˵ʥˣҲ¡

ף
ɳеسѾۼڴڣ໥Ҳ۷׷ףⲻǳʱ̣ͻȻӣȻҪĴ·ǣڴ׾ڣûʲô³֣Ҫʲô鷢һʱдݿˣ÷з
λ䣬ոձʥõϢڰУбҹаħռΣաƷתһΪһЩħռݺڰ򶼽ΪҹĻأΪһħ
л˵
εֱӵ˳ҲڰеһЩ򵥵˵һ飬˶ܶںڰٵһ֪
ڰҹħ
ȺɫҲǷ׷״䡣
û뵽ҹ͸Ѿﵽ˵زڰ򼸺ͬڣûа취ֱӸȥĵزֻƾѹڣѾΣյһ̶ȡ
һҹħռǶԽǾݱ
֪ҲͰˣһ֪ӲǵıҲһ־޴ĳ
ʥ΢֮ڰ֮ѣԲӲһݣ磬޺ôҴףҹħô
ǰһϵ˵
Ŷ뽲
ƽʾ
һҴ֧ԮڰȾͿԵõڰУϰٽ֮꣬κ壬κǲΪѣҲҪҴ֮飬ô
Ҫ֪֮һѾ֤Ĵڡõǵ꣬һ飬ôȫ޷ġ
ǿԽ˻ᣬҹħֱӾڰҴͨ磬ҪĻ̫ңԶ޷˵⡣Ҵٶһ򡣿Ȼò
Ҫնһħڰƿأȫ˳µ顣


2117 ĸϢ
Ȼĺô˳˵ûбõϲ¡ζŽζŸĴɳǣζţӴ˿ڻʮˣϢʮ꣬׵ĵǹѾҪ಻סҪѪˡ
ȫ֧һս
׾УսѾܾˣ֮ǰţȫûиʩչӵĿռ䣬Ѿõģǵͬ͸׵ĽֵģҲУ˹񫣬ϧ򣬴¾ͱˡ
һǰսĻᣬʱڣһ¶ȵĹâսⰺֻҪսһǰͲսҵǷӡȡλ塣
ǿնҹеһնצţڰҹϮĽ򣬾ԲࡣֻҪǾҹʹΪҴףٴ´ŵȻӾ޴󡣡
ЦŽԼĿ˵
һսȫбҪġ
Ը״޴ĺô
ȻǰǣܹӮⳡս
Կ϶սȻܼѡҪ֪ϰٸǾϰ֤εĶǿߣȻ·磬ȫõٵĵ˵ж¡Ķ֣Ҳܼǿս⡣ƾУĺö֡׶ս¹
ҹսɱء
£ڴ׽ʿоû֡
˾ʬѡ
һսֻ²ֹ̫ۣҪóǾܲ׼ǷҪ֪ͨڵĸǲʿǰս΢΢ü˵
һսע̫˳ϰٽѹƣֵʵѾܹһߡ
ѵĵˣǾţԽѹȥ
ҵһƶ˵
ɱš
ս
սȻҪսڰһ֣ĽǿߣҲĵ̣ħ֮֡սڱСںڰУʲôλã˽ģվֻǴţԣڻҪȣǴںڰصİӽѶϢݻʱҲ֪֪ˣս
ͬڵȣȴ׵̽ݾ鱨
ǰ£óȻԶڰ򣬲֮١ںڰУǱŲٵİӡЩڰڲսޱȻҵĹУʿĽУ̽鱨ÿһʱ䣬鱨ݻУ
ʮܻ̽ģпֻһһûУȫû⻹ѡǿǱޱǿѡֻ֣
ʥѾ鱨ݹֻʥҪ׼
ʱͯʿ첽˽ɫһ˿˵
ô£
пɴûпͯı飬һĨɻ漴Ƿ鱨˹ȥ֮һѶϢȻĳԺС
֣衣
лȻ䣬һ̲סɫ
Ҫ֪ﵽֵزѾϲŭɫˣڴ˿̣Ȼûѹסı仯֪е𶯾жȫһ־޴ĳ
ĸ֪ĸʼգоûǹԺ壬ĸ
ǵڵʱһ㶼򵥣ڹҼеоԱоģһЩҼҪĿоļǶһС
˵ݵλλбܼ֮е
ֱʱҲԹǴ绰ɴоУһͨѶȫΣ޷ȡκϵһϵеıУڵΪֹûҵǵټ
ڤڤһָӦ֪ɻŵĻֻ£ҲΪѾˡɾλã޷̽鵽ֻ֪ʱڰȫŵ״̬
ÿһռµĽǵһʱȥ̽飬ǷĸϢһδʧ
û뵽ϢȻǴӺڰ
703оȻλںڰ򡣴оУץһоԱԣջơǰ赱깤оһйâ˸Ժпתͷ
ټٶȱסеǡ
ôôɡ
һͷԺС
̫ˣڰֱʣȻйԼĸѶϢ֡ѶϢʵ̫ˡ³ɺϱǱԭĻǺʣпԼɺϣҲζţԼĸڰЩҹС
ǣ١
ǣҹǷ֪ĸԼĹϵ
ʥ֪ʲôˡ
ȺĿã¶ɡջ¿ѯʵ
ţȿ鱨
һ鱨ּ䣬ֱӴݵ˵ԺУһ֮Ĭʼۿ鱨ѶϢһҲΪڰޱľеһ֡
鱨ڣҹħǲģսҲԴԴϵðأȫΪħԳԸҹѾн𣬽֮սЩǵĹ㷶Χ֮ڣûпʲôие𾪵ġ
703оĪ
ڼԺһͷߵݣڴУʲô̫ܡ֪ģ֪иĸ飬ȴû˵Īйء
λӦö֪ʥԴֱ䣬һߡڴֱǰĸʧʮȥʼûκϢ鱨˵703о⣬ĸֱʱڵĻء
л˵
УһƬκ
˿̣ûǾ
ʥ˼ǣĸ˿пҹ֮֡
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еĸڴʥͥУҲױȵģλߣһ⣬Ǿһĵ
ʥûпܣһıֵ̫ˡΪʲôʱ֣ң鱨Ļڰɢ703оѶϢ΢ɻɣǹҪ֪
ڼ΢΢ü˵
оƺʲôı飬൱
³Щ鲻ò΢ɻɣҪʥǰڰڽУȦףΪʥ
ǵĹâϵ˵
΢ʥڰ֮£΢ȫȨϢʵǳսڰҲһʥʥĸ
˵дżᶨ֮ɫ
ǲıòһ򣬾һδȻЩӵӦְǻҲϧ
΢顣
ͬ
ȸ顣
һ׷׸飬ǧ֮ãеݰΣغش


2118 Ģ
еݣ̫ҪˣһΣغʥͥװգҪʲô飬׶˱𣬾㲻Ĵþ棬᳹һɨգףȱ˭ԣΨȱڣգ޾һеľ֧ڸоڰйŹֺȺǱܵĽȰ衣
ôҪȰסǰڰ£п漰Т⣬Ӫʥʥĸ飬ЩӵģһʤΡ
ʥģֵѾ׼ѡͻǰڰصʥʥĸϢһҵȷеϢͻƶƵļƻӪȡ
ͯҲ˵
ҲҪǰڰðա
ʲôԶ֡
õģһΣʥ⻯ǰʲôıΣգ˾⻯ںڰѣұûκ˺
ЩΣҲݴһܵʲôλʱҲҪܵӦԼȺҲòǣϾλѾͬ
⻯ֻһȨ֮ƣȻڰпһ壬һ㣬Ҳв²⣬Ȼǲ壬ĸѶϢʵġ˵703оǾͿ϶˽⣬Σǰһˣ壬Ҳܸӵİ
˷ʥӢ
ȺаһܴðյͷѾһξ޴ĳɹͷжУڰȫпܱһɱ֣һ޴塣
²⣬ڰпҹڲ֣ʥҴףǸʵʩԮƻ
˵üͷ΢΢
֪ɱ֣п£ԭȼƻֱǲǰͻԵǷףҪԵӦ֮С
»ûг֤ʵڰʵֻҪɣǾѾ㹻սûС¡
΢֮Ȼڰ򣬳˸򣬼ѾΪħӵҵȫԲÿƻԣǽڰ򳹵״ɷ棬˾սؽѡԣһɱΪƻΪĿģִɱȫͶŵڰ֮С
ڼйâһ漴ǰһ˵Լ
ȫħĽǾͱ뾭һϴϴȻǳѪȣѪܵĻ档
У˭ûзԡ
ⲻͨ򣬶ǳħĽͬȻҪ÷ǳ֮
ʥʮУ칤ѾƳֶɱ˵ó
ֺɣֱӿ˵
˵˵Щ
Ȥ˵
ȺʮָȤǾһ۾ð⡣Ҫ֪սܹҪģ칤ԴԴƳĸִɱ
һִɱĢݡ
ֿ˵
Ģݣʲô
ȺжһĨɻ֮ɫ֪Ģֶôɱϵһ
Щ꣬ͨ磬Ҵ״лȡıܶ඼ǴûеģУһЩĢЩĢЧͬ˲䱬ըıըĢܹڵļĢп˲ıĢҲп˲ССĢȵȲʮ֡
ֻ˵ڿЩĢ칤ȤǱУңũһͬо飬һּĢЧĢݡ
ĢУܹһּӣؼ䣬˷ӣһĢݣɢļӣԸǷԲȻ󣬼ӻѸټȡ֣ϣϻ᳤Ģڵϣ᳤ĢϣѪл᳤Ģ
ЩĢἳȡѪ⾫ѸٱһǾײĢըըǾˣӤͷ­СĢͲѷɫشͼңĢǻɫġΪȻɫ
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˫ɫɫɫ
վֵ̫͡ĿԲ
˵ֻҪԸ⣬Ģɢӣٵɳȫڶ̶̼Сʱʱڣܱ߰򣬳׸ǣȫݻ١ըԴݻǵһĶ̰ǣһʹãӦ򣬶ữΪ棬ڣĻҪʩչȻҪ˼ɡ
ҲһĴɱ
öǺñԺڰܹϴóġȫʺϲ
ڼһ֣Ц˵
ĢݣȫĢ
еҲ۾սɱսҾƵҪ
ĢݼǷԽɳӰ죬вԤĺ¿ѯʵһЩĢûа취ɱĻ˭֪Ժ󻹻᲻ͻȻըشĻδľסشġ
ģĢʱǾѾԤʩЩ޶ģֻһʱ䣬ûбըҲȻлСκǱơ
Ц˵
Ҳ֪ĢҪƲסжôµĺһ˿ܻ
ܺãĢܹṩ١
׵ͷҲòΪ칤˼һ̾
ڿṩԸǴڰƽ˵š
칤ҪһˣΪ˽죬ݷô꣬ܲúõ¶¶
칤ʲôɱҪó
¶΢Цѯʵ
ڶռڣ칤ԼյоԿռԱվΪϣķĴڣȡռڣ¶صĿռĽơһ߶ڹֱĿ򣬳ֿռľⷶΧڣֻҪʵǿ󵽳Χ֮ڣ䣬ʳƬΪ촷ۡ
ּ˵
ռڵ޴ﵽʲô̶ȡ
ٴμˡĴɱ˭ҪװԼľСؼʱ̣ܶǬ
һ֮£ԲǧﶼڴΧڣޣɺɱ龳ǿߡԵ̨в칤ڽиĽ󣬿ɶԵ̨в
ƶ˵
ܶ龳в֪ռж𡣡
Ҳʮּģװ󣬾ܴӾսڣǿǷΧƻǿһĿ򣬿ռ䴫Ͷ޷ʹá


2119 ⻯
ǱͨĴڻҪǿս뵱ȣռƻǿΧԼαġȻؼǣҪռڵȥԽ࣬γɹģһָԵĴݻǰһСսʱĲǾнʿʵսȡؼáڹǳأݻҪ͸Ҫ
վϡ٣Ϊֹҵվ󲿷ֶѾռڣɲֻ࣬һֻҪҵվҪ첢ѡ
ֻ˵
ܴӡڣֻҪһ󶼿ֱʹܴӡдӡơǣվڿռУҲǼΪģûоĿھֻֿռҵ򣬲ŻᵮȻ֮٣վĲһֱʮϡ١
ֻг޾գѰЩƬƬпվѶʮִ󣬿ɣʮֲס
һѾ൱ףľڴ󲿷ֿ档
٣ڹУҲѾҲ㹻һռڵȫϡ
վĿҪ޾գʥǵãؾһӦþӦļȫղɿ󴬣ǲרŵ֣ǰ޾գɸϡ֤׾ʳ㡣
΢ϡ
ʵһΣ޾գ൱ΣյģУʱпܳΣգȻ֮ܵҪӦĹߣܽ̽⣬ɡ
յõջ
칤ѾڽӦоҪ˶ãóɹ
ƶ˵칤ռֶյĽʦؾ˶гļգȻеѡЩ꣬дؾһĴʦ칤һμӸо
֪վϡ٣ʮֶȱչղɿ󴬵оҪ˶ãóɹʱܹں̶ܴϻ
ܺá
׵ͷԴʮ⡣
ɱΪһܹҵǿ⣬۾ɾ޴Ĵ̼˲ʧȥͬʱâ̺ǿĹ֮֮ħֵԵамǿɱΪЩħֶģʱͬһööС̫һ㡣򼫴һöԸǷԲǧսϣ䲻£𵽼õս
ٴ˵칤ĵɱ
ʣҲ൱ضʱ̣𵽵ãֶҪǿĶࡣ
γڰǾҪĴɱ֮һʹõĺãȫԸıһս칤óƷǿɶı
ãããʥ칤óִɱڰѾʮþȣ٣ǱصħҵҲɲ̫˺ϴڰѾʩΪ
һҡȣһ΢Ц˵
ĴɱȻҪװУվǾʵӡ
Ȼˣƻ߸̶ͬ
׵ͷ
ִɱܺڰգҲʤ׼䣬ı壬ҲתǬĵ֡Ȼ
漴ȺֶԺڰʩйڣɳǴϣ˲Ŵϣ滮ֻҪһս˲ȥ

ɢȥ
صĹУĸУһĨ֮ɫڰ飬Ҳ˵ںʱҹаħħ鴩ʱգ֮УһѲ󣬸ǰһؽ̽ѰħѶϢЩҲڰйעźڰı仯û뵽ƻͻȻ񻯵˵زֻ£ڰĿԾӶࡣȻıʡ
ڰ飬ڴУܡΪϰأӦһʧŶԣڿվһһ
ҹħ飬ôָܻ֮죬̶̰겻Ѿþá
õģҴףɲ˭ƵģҪƣҲҪǷһڣҪȻҪһġңһΣҾǰҲԷǰʥʲô壬κβҡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
ϣ⻯ͨͨЩǱ£ʵѾб˳ɵսȻǰ˳ɣҪԸ⣬ɿԷӳ֤ǿʵֻҪ¶˭ֻ֪һҪ֪еķͨʮ
õĲǺëֱѪһ⻯ƽʱڷУܴڹؼʱ̣ͿͷųΪ⻯ΪѪΪԣ뱾֮䣬ȫһģһѪһ¡ʲôֱ棬ǾС
ͨ⻯޷ġ
Ψһȱǣһ⻯⣬ʱƵģһξѪķ֣άһʱߣһֻ֣֧һ첻ԽǼңԽǶݡҲһȱݣֻ˵֮£ȱǿģѾ㹻ˡ
ҪҪҸһͬǰ
ĸѯʵ
ãڰ򲻹С£Ĵսڽ֮ͥʱ
еȻһЦ
ڰ򣬻ֵ¶ȫĵƣ壬ҲҪɶԷ塣壬пҲпͻ
ãȻˣСġ
ĸͷû˵ʲô
ţͿϹâһƾ߳һӰϸȥȻеģֱһģһϢѪȫͬϺޱվǰ
Ȼ󣬶ĸͷ󣬾ͳŹ̤ȥ
һΣ׼÷һҪ塣ĳ֣ҲпֱԷһв֡
ǰħƽ磬̤ڰš
âһ£Ѿ̤ڰ
ųֵλãȻڰС
˿̣ڽڣŮɫͻȻһ䣬Ŀ⿴ոտšһ룬ѾǰŴ̤Уüͷ֮𣬿ڵʥѾ㴫ѶϢҪǰڰôˡڰѾЩаħƣûУһҪ뿪ǿɾˡ
˵ЩѾãϾѾˣңҴ׵ĴҲŵִڰβҲһ֣ҹаħΪȫռݣȻΪĸ󻼣һ㣬˲ԸͷҴԸΪȷ档
еȻһЦƽ˵
̧ۿգԼ䣬ȷʵоһֹؼ䣬ŵϵϣҪ̤뿪˲ͻǹķɡŻᱻ顣
ڰ򾿾ʲôΪʲôƻͻȻõֵز֮ǰԤ⣬ǵʵϷŶԡһ̣Ҳ̲ס棬ѯʵ


2120 
һ㣬Ҳʮɻ֮ǰǸ֣Ѿʼϴ򣬵ħ۷ʱѾɨ֮Ҫһ֮սʱͻȻ䣬ǵصħﲻ֪ðģңлжǿߣЯһĹʣһ𡣽֮ҲħŮҡҡͷ飬̫ͻȻˣЩ֮Ӧͷ֣ǵصħ׽ԭ˵ٴռݻȥңЩħƻԭȸǿ󣬸ӿֲ
һаħǿߣ̤һ֮ħôģΪֹһաҪ֪֮ǿ֤Ĵܣ֤Ϳ־εȵļᶨǼ᲻ɴݵġԺҪħ⣬ƫƫǷˡ
ֱӷǰ
һ㣬һȻ֪໥佻ٴΣֶԲߡȴ֣˭ֶΣ޲ߣʮͷʹ˭ұ֤ԼһԵס
δ֪µġ
֤ǿħҹ֮УȻֶιĪ⣬һħʹӵ˱µġȷʵ˼ҪôĻֵҪôߣУɾƵתңߣпҹ硣ǡͷߡ
Ŀһ¶һĨ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ͷ߾УȷҹҹϵⲻѾͷߵУ϶Ⲣ⡣
ֻǣǷʵҪȥ֤
ȻҪǣȷʵħǱߣʵݷϵ顣
ʵΣιʵ̫ðˣһ磬һ֧ҹһƴЦˣֻҪ㻹ţлᡣǵƲ⣬ֻ£ЩаħûжЩ֣ӦΪ˽ǵȡǿߡɱ֡㴳ⲻͶô
ŮɶвͣȰ裬̤Уʮŭ
ѾЩħƺڵȴʲôûмڶЩ֣ҪȻھԲֻһ֮ݡࡣɵʧŶԡ
ƽֻǱǰ׶ѡ
õģҼȻȻѾƵİ׼
еȻһЦ漴ѯʵˣѣ֪û˵703оϢû˵ħץʲôûС
ûУ˵ʬǸһ»أӦþ˵703оû˱ץס޷̽鵽УûС
Ůҡҡͷ˵
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ʱѾͬˡ
ԭоĶڣô

ԨħС
ħһĨ⣬˵пռ䲨˿šڰ򡣳ֵλãڰ֮ǰ˵ʥͥϵιģпԴףǣǴʥԵ
͹עÿһءſĲùĸӦ׾̽ķλ
ӦʥСɮһս˴˼䣬ѾڤڤĸӦ֮Ӧû
ħȻЦ˵СɮڴһսѾˣһΣСɮȳ֣սһֳʤһҲΪҹ콾صʧȥ
Уݳһǿҵս⡣
һ죬Ѿ̫ˣΪ˽죬רűչһϴͨΪľһˣеħΪҹ콾ǾԲκ콾ѷɫֻǿ
ȥɣסҹ콾ˡ콾֮ǾͲٻˣȻ֣ҪôҪôħ׵ͷ˵
һսغ
ħģСɮؽԡʥѪ֤
һŵ˵
ģȳ֣ҪǲУǿɱͷҲ˵Һڰ˫ɷûиӡ
ڰ˫ɷĹ˼Ƥ񶼲ɵðĶʶһŲŲҹУҲ˲µġ˵һֶصͨԽ˷ѣɲĴͨģǲǴ˵һʵѾ֤ʵȷʵ
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ҲҪ򽻵пܵĻ涼ʵĵ׷ˣܡܾû
𣬷Ҳ޿κΰ
ţȹȥֻҪȷУߣܷ޷롣ʱֻǰϵһѡħ׵ͷ˵
һȷϣͿԽзһΣԲиˡ
һĺûᡣ
òܹиڲƭһΣɾûôõĻˡ

˿̣ɳڣʥС
ĹڣֻһڣھУйâһֻһƷУһֻ̡
ܿϣһȦȦطĲ˸໥ͬת
̣
пǰ̣ҲһĨɫⲻ̣̣ͨͨĹЧܿѾ㡣
棬һԲȦֳ̫ͼĲϱ任ڲ㣬Ҳǵһ㡣̫Ȧ
ڶΪ˸ŰصķĽ֯ɣΪȦ
Ϊ˸ɫâ·еػˮӿ׻ȸͼȦ
ĲΪ˸ɫķģŽľˮȦ
Ϊ˸Ǭޡ㡢롢ңǰȦ
ΪŹͼǾŹȦ
һȦȦһ𣬲תĪ⣬·СһаءԿɿ̽
̡
֪۷ʱӵоŴ죬ǰģ㣬㡣һﵽ۷壬һãٶ
ҵҪκڰУǷĴڰϢ
һ䣬ѾҪ߶̣ĸ֮أǷںڰǲڣǺڰ򣬺ʣһ׵׵ı
ǰҲʹụֻ̀̽Ҫ۵ġ
ŴգǾΪ̫̽࣬ܵй¶Խ࣬ͻԽӵǴ
ֱ׵˵Ҫ˵ģˣһģȫɻָ
ݵԽ࣬Խ͡Խǿ˾Խࡣ
˵ģҲ׶ãο֮ǰû㡣ݳҲû׼ȷ


2121 
ֻ̣꣬ݹһĸѶϢֻõɻţûϢȴĲ٣㣬Ҳ޷̽鵽õѶϢֻ֮һߣ̴ﵽ㣬˲˵Ǳʮֹˢ
һ䣬ȻԿǰ̿ʼתһڲϱã˸ŸָķģЩĽ𲻶˸Ÿָ⣬֯һѤǷĪ⡣
ţУԾŹ·һӣеʱճһ治ϵĴп֡УиܹܵˣڷٱģӴ죬˳֮Ļ˿ĵķɣҲˡ
ܵˡ
ǿ൱µ顣
գϣ콥ָƽĸ֣һֱӻΪһ֡ޣ
ûУڰйȻûаӰ٣˿򣬾һ壬пܣרΪҶƵģ棬ҹһ֮Ĳ˵ƶᣬһ٣ٶҪ¶֡ҵҪ˭ڱҡ
пϸֳѾףڰֻ703опܣоαģҪα죬ʵ̫ˡȫ⡣
ûоûĸټ
ڰ򣬾һ׵׵ı
ɳܿ޲𹥻ڰִϴƻ
һʥּܿʹʥдݳȥ
Ѿ׼ʱһʱ׷׳̤ǰڰšɫųΪȷ棬һʱ̤šڸУЯŴĴɱ

С
Ů̸󣬶ڰѾһЩ˽⡣Ĳ˵Ѿʼĳ
֪Ƿⷢ𷴻
ѯʵ
Ҫ̸ף˽Է֤ܽǿħֶΪ˭ﶼмĹǡ׼䣬˭ҶѾԼãֻҪһҽΣգˣ֧ԮԲܸǸƵĻᡣ֮УѾٺô׾ִܵ鲻˶ʱ䡣
Ůҡҡͷ˵
鷢󣬾ѾöԲߣžƵĿܣÿһж㹻ǿĵƣڹؼʱ̣⣬Ҫǣƽٵľơ
ʥƶɮģһսСɮջ࣬Σʥָһ
ʱֻӰ⣬һ
̧ۿȥУͻȻų޾⣬Уƺоڲϻص⣬ǺɫģУһʮӰ̤˳һͷڵĳɢԺһĪ˸оĪа̤һںɫ̨
ôվУȴܸܵεѾ鲼գټİ
Ŀ⿴·ܴ͸谭ֱӿеӰһڤڤеĸӦǣйһδս˴˵һӶǡ
ħģ
̧ۿգһĨɫͬڵһʱͷĵӰ
֮һսԣҲӡ̣ȷʵʮǿ콾ĳƺšɳԽ׶սֱԷˮһ򵥡ħĵΰֲ̫˾㤡
ħһĴУͬ൱ˡ
ħǷ𣬷ħ
ؽԿຣħ֮ħȱ
壬̫ԵǺ޼ɡ
ûнɱνһ¡ϾҪǳɳȻеĸ󻼣ĵˣԽԽãԽԽáþǲҪǳɳĻᣬɱҡ֮С
˽Ув콾ûгɳʱĪڸ⡣һ֪ġ̫ˡ
棬ҪûҹӰӣǾԲŵġ
ҹУЩ޳Īڳǰǲ£ʵЩԲ콵ĴûԵ
ͬĵĳ֣ȻЩ죬ȴ⡣
аǴݹѶϢħڰ˫ɷԽޣ飬һֱڰԵȴǵĳֻ֣û뵽ʮǾȻ̵סһĺܺãȫ¶һ˿μҪѰڿ̤ЬٴȫѹԼ
壬ǲµġڰı֣ΪǶֵġ
Ҳڵһʱ䣬Ժֳ֮һͷ
Ϣҹҹ콾Ȼ֪ȻѾΪһ壬ЩѾΪնŮɫһࡣ
˵նⲻǻ˭̫ܡ
ã˾ͲҪߡ
ƽ˵漴һ̤ҪŽȥ
Ҫȥ壬
Ů΢΢üֹ
ģȻȻйĵơһħ𣬻κβңҹսϣܽܣΣͬ⡣ƶ˵
漴ѾڽУĶ
Ŀгֺ΢΢һֻۿʱķģУϢǾԲϴġ
ʥСɮڴһսѾܶˡʥһСɮҪСɮ㡭΢Ц˵Уһ˿ǿҵţûа̻֮
ħģҹ°콾ȴڰרΪʥ׼һ塣
еȻ˵
ǲǣѾû·ˣСɮһս
ĵȻһЦûش𣬲˼Ѿ൱ԡ
ħȱ
ͬʱĲûгɣ¼䣬¶һĨЦݣ˫ƺʮзһ
ħơħȱ
ʩչͬʱȻԿų޾ķ⣬ɫķ纣УٲȻԿһ޴ħ֣ħȻĵסħǵء
سħسħ
ħ·׷ŷ⣬ħУȻԿɫַӡŽϯȥǵصϯȥ·һ̣վħ飬ܵصֵ򣬾򸲸֮ء
һսᱻѹơ
־ᶨ˲ͻᱻħɻΪͽһֻ׸Ĺ
ֻ棬ɲ
ģЩĳʵ̫ʧ̶ֳֻȵĻȥˡ
һĨ⡣
ɻȵ꣬ʵҪǿʮֹ䱾ΪǴﵽ̨۷壬֤Ҳ֮ңǲ̤ǲԸѡǿߣ˭ĸҪĸ򰾵Ըӵĵز


2122 ־Ҫ
컯֡Ǵкּ䣬ֱӴһϴͨһ޴Ǵ˸޾أΪǧɴСȻ󣬴˹ȥһ׹䡣
Ǵ̺⣬˽ͬһѤǻǴתá
֮飬ϱ
оֻһ־Ǿǳ㣬״㡣
ħ
˲ҫһڵķ⣬ΪһħͨҫŲħ⣬ȫܸܵħܱ߿ռľ޴ѹǧɾ޴ħϡֳһڵķ⣬Ժ󡣷У·ܿһöڵڲת
ħ೤档
ħơħɽӣ
ţѾӦһֻ޴ķֳǴ˳ȥֻУħ޾·Կ޾аħ֣ݻ˴ɽݻ˺ɽأ޾𣬴ݻһУħ֮ħ֣췭ظɽѪ
飡
ܿǴħײʱһɿµľ֮ţֲƻ˷ӡǹڹ⣬໥
໥ֵĹУ˫໥൱Ϊʱ׵ģֻâѾħƣȻ䱬ħ⣬޾ħ纣̺һӱ
ǱԲһ
˲䱩ǵʮıĿ³̶ȡ
·һӴɱָоȫ췭ظġոħѹ󲿷ֵ̨ǿߣѹĵزѾ콾һ۷սڣʮıһӣͬɷɣ˲Խһоϱݣﵽ֤εǿս
ħġޱĹЧÿһϣӵо޴һϣԶһ꣬Ԫȫһ
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ıǰ˱ʮʮȫʮı
ģѾϣÿһУٳ磬ݻħ֮ûмӳֵ£Ѿʮı
һյƻ֪
ͿǴϻƵǻϱ飬ɢӲ𡣾޴ħǵصĳѹ·һƾҪ
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ΪҪȥģǳҲûκ塣
ֲΣ͸ˡ浽ʥһ𣬱˴֮䣬ҪֳʤѾ̫ˣֳ͸ˡֲΣҪֳɲǺѡ֣Բаĸǽӵ˼¡
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ӡһӡ
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һײĵɫȻ䣬ӡϣоһɴݿĺϯ·ҪݻһУһУзһ𣺡ôܣսô˾أ֤Ѿﵽ֤Σң֤УҲ֮Ȼһ
ܵļҪѪҪ˵Ҳ콾Խ׶ս£ս֤ǣ֤ѹǸо·ܱһУһС
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һ򷨡
ħ磬
붼룬ںȻ䴫޾ħͻȻֳ磬ÿһУܿħͽϵ϶ݳһֿȵģ飬Ѿȫ׸еѾڣȫΪ
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Ŀúû˿仯ֻǻ³һ
¼䣬Ȼܿӡٴ˸⣬ûбħ赲ȥȻ䣬ͿֻħӲӡ£ֱӱҵķ飬ǣӡ׺ĵħϡ
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УȻֻһö˸ɫ໹ؼ䣬Уܿ߸Ŀ׶棬ܿһ硣


2123 Ģ
㾹Ȼһ콾ħģҹ֮УҲԲ̨֮Ѿ֤ңɱʤֻҲֻ֮콾ȻУǲ˼顣ŮĿúе𾪣޷ƽġ
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һĨɫǰħģĵڣܸоħڷ𶯣ҪΧնѹֻ£Ѿˡ黹棬ı̳Ҳ棬Щݻ٣ʵַӾٴ
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΢һ䣬ħѾУңֱӳаڵУڱ£ϣԴԴϵĳħĸǹȥ
Ǿġ
ŮʶḻĿùöѾ²⵽̾ഫؼΪΪϣϣѾΪ˼ľϡѾܿļ£˵ϲأǳʱ;ģһû˿ԻʮꡣԼΪʲôԭ֪ʼգûоĵʿģѾ֪ߣħӵģѹܳΪһҹ콾ս˹ֲƷˡ
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ҲǰԸ̾ģȷʵ൱˼һ
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μȻˣǾһҪ
ǿôôǿ
һĻͬڰĺڰ˫ɷУĿħȫ棬ûı໥£Ҫ֪Ȼᣬɶڱ˴֮ʵ൱˽ģҪʤ㲢󣬱Ͼ콾඼
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ģһͷͻȫһ赲
ڰ˫ɷвɰԽһ
ΪǿҲǴһֲಮ٣в࣬Ҳ̫ȫһսʸʵϣȴȫԤ֮⡣
ڣǻк֣еƣҪȻһΣľͳˡ
ڰ˫ɷԺһͷ
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ʱȻԿϿգ׵ģһ޴֮֡
ɱɱɱ
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ˢ
ûжãͿйâһȻ䣬һۿٿȳֵɫۣϣһʿȻɢεľϯķ
ţͿһԴԴϵӿգۼ䣬ɫ۾ѾȫںڰСڹĿһк󣬷׷׳߸ͬķƿնȥ
Ǵ׵ľӣȻеľ񡣡
ŮĿúһĨɫò˵ľţκһ֧£ķ׾ܽġ
׵ѣڰ򵽴ħ׵ľеǿһóȻ룬ҲΣգȫûաŴȥŮǿѵ
޷ȻҴ׾Ѿȫ׼ֻúùۿУϾͻһϷݡеȻһЦ
¼䣬ȻͿУߴȥķÿͳһֵĽǽһȫɸɫĢܶɵӡĢݣ͸ͯеĢʮơһλðĸоʮѤ
ȻͿЩĢݿʼ⡣
ɢɫ߲ʰѤʡǲʺµĺһ㣬Ƭأϣڴϣ飬޾ħϣЩ⣬ûκ˺ħ˵ҲûиоκεΣա
ĢݾЩԴͷ
ͬһŲʺһڲģϻӷĢݾԴȪźĳĢۿɼٶȿʼСûжãʧǾ޴ĢѾΪС
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Ŀõˣܸܵһַĵ𺳡·Ŀ˴Ȼ漣
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ʱںڰУǾ;ԲͨƷҪͨܡңոյôƴһͲ򵥡ԲΪڰзһ̻һѤıݡ
Ѽȥ֪ˡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
û˵еİأ飬Ŀĸӵֱ̡
ô£ĢݵʲôʲôЩѾڰ򣬲֪ʲôı仯ڰ˫ɷûиúԼϣ취ܿˣúմȾҪʲôŹ֣Ҳܵܵ
ʲô
ڰйעİħüͷҲǵʼ𡣸ող֪ΪʲôһʮֲõĸоȻǿңȴʮֵĲܡ
֪ܵǺйŹ֣ûз֮ǰʲô
˿̣ںڰУħѾԡ˺⣬Щħι״ܶħ˿᱾ܵĲһǿҵĶĸУʵǲҹάһǿս
ͱ磬һֻͷϳͷƨɺ泤ëϻѳħһĲ񣬲ܷ˸оǿҵĶģǹ
һֻ̣ϣͻȻ䣬׵Ĵͷðһ̹⣬̹УһֻСĢȻĿʼʱƺһֺȻĸоħ·һоûУʹֻǣϵѪ·ϢɢǱĢˣΪ֡
תۣͷ϶һŴĢ
ͷϣڼϣϣҲʼĢ˳


2124 ϴ˼
ĢĢ
ӵϳĢĢħϳĢɫĢɫĢɫĢɫĢָĢ·һ㣬ͬʱؼð˳·һգۼ䣬ڰѾ졣ɱգȻѾһͬͯĻ档
ܿЩĢ̼Ѿš
𣡣
ħﾪֵĿԼϳĢȻʶȥΡһΣ͸ܵһİľʹˣγĢȻ俪ʼɢǿҵң˲ͱޱȿ񱩣ҡ
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ĢһʱڣȻըµƻȫⱬըǸոտʼҵıը˲佫Ģ׷ڱըֱγһŴССĢƣڶ𣬳ֳһѤĻ档
һֻħڱըܱħҲڸűը
ǻ棬ȫӦ
ӺڰϿչۿĻͻ֣ᷢڰһѤĢð˳
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ĢĢĢ
ըڱըħ϶ĢЩĢһͻᱬըըƻֱӽЩħﳹ˺飬ΪУ£ǻ𣬳׵Ļһжݻˡ
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ը
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鲼ڰ
ÿһ
ɽڱը飬ڱըжľڱըлΪƬɭֻΪĮбɷ档ܿģһѤĢڽڡ
ֻ棬ǻأƻּͬƻһУƻһСȫǳԤ֮飬Ҫ֪鲼ħǵʱϯµĵ̡Ǹϯµħ޲ߡûа취׽ħ
ӲҪ˵ħڵǿߣĻᡣ
ĸңԴʥͥĹ϶ǣҪȻЩֶܾΣҪУѾʩչˣôңҪ򣬴һƬ棬ǾͲôĺ𡣡
ڰһ˵
ȻܸκγɳĻᣬȻ̶ʱڣŪ˱̬սֹȫ޲ĹͷߵУۣ۵϶¶ɬ
֪ΪʲôȻһֲֵּĸо
ѾʼϰĴͷ߿ɲǳһΡٶһΣҲûʲô˵ġ
׵Ľ취
Ů̲סŴͣĻ棬Ѿ֮⡣
⹥ȫǻԵģֱϴڰһ˲ȥħѾһι£Ѿȫһɨա
ֱӣҲ򵥣ѵ𡣡
еȻһЦƽ˵
ʱ򣬼򵥴ֱǽð취ôһѵ
䣡
ؼĢƿʼɢʱȻܿеڣһ֧֧Žϵӿͬʱдɫ۵ķˮʦٳ
ӽԵʼּ䣬һ˸ɳǴȻڴϣΪϣٵһɳǡ
ɳڣܿдİջУǽϣӴرأ̾Ŵķе󣬷Ĵڣַڵһʱ䣬ǿķȦγǿս
д辪ţλãںڰԶҴ׽Ľ񣬱ҴռһȺߣߣػߡоӻǣһ辪ţʲôʲôǽǾһǡ
г̤գԳаսа
ڵİգ֮ǰѾ׼һʶܿӦκεطı䲻ǱǴݡܵǴĴûаۿۣܵŻݡ
ţֻҪɳڣд׾ػκΣգ޷ڵɳǡȫԲ⣬Ҳлϳǽɱ
װգûηս
Ŵɳ£Ȼܿһɹ֮ɳǻ۶ȥԴԴϵ˳ĳϵʥͥһ𣬳ɳϿգɳ̫ǿ󣬶˵ĴݣȫӾ룬ӽļ
ͬʱҲʼ˳˵ڤڤϵźڰӸǹ
Щ൱˵ɱ䣬ŽİԽԽ࣬ÿʱỵ̈ڽյľּḶ́ȫǱĬȴʱ޿̶ڽ죬ĹҲԽԽǿ󡣾ɱ䣬ҲԽԽӽڣӵڰ˿⡣
Ѿڼƻ뵽ӿٷչĽ׶Ρ
һУ̫ˡ׼Բ˼ٶȣɳֱڰ򣬸ǵн򡣰ˣ˲Ϊһ壬ؼĸֲ꣬ϢѸٵɢ£˵־£ٱѹƣɳλãЩõħ⣬Ӳų⡣
һɹˣͬһɫС㣬̾գķ
Ӧ£ڰƺѾױɴ׵Ľɴ׵һ֡
׵ٶô󡣡
ŮһŹֵĿС
ȫһ᲻ķʽǿϴǿڷϣ½ɳǡṇ̀ǽһǽһ˾̾
Ҫ޷ռݺڰҴЩ꣬ǰ׷չġռݽֻǵһѣرЩħĻֵȫʵпܣֻһȺڻҶѣǿߣʼնڰУǲҴռڰġսŸոտʼ
еȻһЦû˶ֵǿӹɡĵǳҲǱϡĳЩ棬ȷʵв֮
ɲΪҹһ˼򵥵֡
һ콾ڰħֱռЩκһܳ׼ŭҹӲҪ˵ͬʱ֡ȫơǿߣơ
ĿģҪЩɳΪݵأҹһսҹںڰ򣬾Ӫô꣬˭֪ŶٵƣԲ׷Щħֻڻңȫţڻңҹ˵׾ܲƷ
УĻǴҹħҪɱô򵥡
нﳹױһս׼
õУ
ħħУһܹƿؾ棬ûдԳֵġû뵽ƣֱӱôز
ڻһʱȻܿһİɫƾճ֣ԨںڰϿա


2125 ħ
һֻɫĹ֣˸һ㲻ϣһĪ䣬һֶգڰı䣬ֻһ֣ΧĿռ䣬ʱ䣬·𶼱ᡣʶҹĳСͬڳߣתħİħ֣һħഫħһؼ𣬿Զʱգعҹ޾սϣ֪ٵ˵Ѫ
ˣħڳˣһʥ˼ǿߡһΣп϶ҪǿҲսﵽ֤ħǻԪεǿߣľ磬Ӧ󾳽ĲࡣĲ࣬Ҳа취ֲΣˡ
̫ˣʲôĵƣԾԵֻĽһУҹڿһȥһĸ󻼡
ħУǿǾͷ죬һ¶˷ڴ֮ɫ
ȷʵ̫ѲˣǰQ˲֪ãһδƣ޹۽ָоһʺô˸еİۡлȥǾֵͬ顣
ʲô
ΪʲôΪʲôҸоԼ·һӶˣ⵽ô¡
ҸоǾһΪʲôɫΪʲôô£ãⲻʥġʥΣա
ڴ׸ɳУգʿͬʱ̧ۿա
Ҳֻôһͷ֣Լܵƣ·ʱһ̣ϢĶᣬܵʶԼóٶ
ȫֹɵġ˭֪̺Ŷôµ
ãԽĻڳ֣Ѿе񾭡ɱģѾ׼ٹ˼κ档Ҫǿг֣㳹׶ɱ
ŮĿúɫ䣬зѾһˣȫҪɱԾԵɱһⱾҹó顣
ʲôвɱҡ״̬ǲģֵܹõ滯
ձ˵ʱնε½ͨʿȫ޷ֵֻаŮΪѾﵽһ߶ȣƿǿܾһ׼䣬ܵȫӰ졣ȻӰ첢ǲڣ⻹ֻǴħɢĸѹʵһȫ֤Ҳֲô
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һһĨ֮ɫ⻹ǿʥΪ˶Ըңó񣬵ܳ
˲ͬħֵָ˲䣬ͱܵĸоһֿµѹȻ䷢˵ı仯ʱռ䣬·𱻽ֽǳ˵İٱǧ
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һĻӰħи֣ڰ򣬳ÿһԺС
޴´ڵλÿ£ٶȣȫ޷ݣֻܿǰԽԽͬʱһ޷ĺ֮ϯ
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ڰУܿΧĺ棬Ѹٿʼı㣬棬һ㺮ӣڱըвľֱӱ⣬ɽɱɽɱӡϯܿͳһɳǰɳϣƽ缸ȻľͿڽϣܿϸһıת·ޱȳٻһƺɳе¶ȣȻ½
ϣͷüëϣһ˪ˡֱֺӴ̹ǡ
ڵĵ涼ʼڣнֵңھиֺ¿¶ȵķĽƴڣںĴ̼£ܸգó¶бһְȫ䷶Χ֮ڣֻ£һ˲䣬ͻ˴աɾ޴
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һͻȻ췢һźʥͥǣձʥǿвɱҪ֣뱾ʥ
ںڰ򣬳ڴʥͥÿһУֱӳдװնУԺСӣҲ֪˼

Żһ䣬ȻԿɳϿյĹƺУ̾ϵצȻǺ嫵Ȼɢһɰѹ漴һ߿һڣѾӹƺʧԲ˼ٶȣԽؽľ룬ƾճڰϿգͷͬʱֱڡ
ͬʱٴηһƴ
ʥʥµĵ˶սҪǵ
֣죬ҽ־н죬ȫΪʥڣʥǵĸһҲΪʥŻӵСҵȻԸʥߣȫߡ
Ը⣬Ը⣬֡ʥһ֮
֣
ʥͥУһʱ䣬׷׾֣һĴװ˵̫İµĴ˵ȻǵһΣǰҲԼӴ׵ʷ˽һЩ̫š˭ûпܡ
ȡѣǶԸȡԸ⽫УûУûдʥͥǾͲнǡӲӵΪʵ˵Դס
ҪȡвӦġ
һھֵʱĿͬʱտȥĿдһ˿һ˿
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ڴʥͥУнʿͽˣسҲһ̣ͬʱ֣еûһ˿һԥ˵Ҫ֣ǾͺԥľһֱܡͬһǿΡ
ھһεĹƾճ֣аֻоһ˳ڤڤеϵʧһգˣһ±
֣ʵʲôҪ飬ǴԸ̬ȡ
ȡΪ˳ڤڤеˣΪ࣬˳֮ڡǹؼ˳УΨ˳֮Ȩ
ǿҴ׵
վգĸܵ糱ˮǡ


2126 ˳֮
ԴʥͥսȡȫʿУʿһͨ˳еİգ֪ҪٱͨˣҪǱӴעʱֻ˲ͻᱬըȻ˳֮ȴܹƾգΪáһı仯
һ̣иܵ׹˵ıӣαǣκˡӲҪ˵ģֻһ߷ѣܵˣҲκӰ졣
;֤徳磬˿̣޾Ĵװ۶˳£ˮɵľͽ֤Σңˣ磬ͬӦĲΣⲻǸոտʼʵ̫ǿˣӵеİ㡣иǲǿߴڡ
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ڣҪľ
һ̣ĸоԼԪ񣬷·һȫںϡһ˺һ·ؼ䣬ַ򣬶ԼɴֻҪԸ⣬׾κһںϡԼ׵ʩչذΰ
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ھԵǰһֲ赲صĿ־
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ĸ֮ܵǿ֮ľͬʱȴûʱᣬ̧ۿտٳϯİħ֡ͺһֱӳԼҹһ

һ䣬̾ŵĺѾȻȻĳУڵһʱ󣬻Ϊǧɾ޴Уͨ嶼ܸܵϴݳһɫزʡһϣݳ޾ѹ·ܿһ嫵硣
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εлȡ֮ԴԴϵΪɳṩ֡Ҳ޾еԪΪ֮ͷ¡ɳٶȣȻ൱ɹۡ
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ǧļޣǷԲǧĴС
һͻƣǾǴǧ硣ҪǸΣɱ䡣
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ȫԿħϣȻӲһѺۡѺ۵УôĴۡâ
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Ǻչֳǿ䱾鱦ûдﵽǿԿõĲ࣬鱦ɸƻǲܵ顣ƫƫȴĳˡ
ǰħҲ𾪵͵վ
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ħŭɫ࣬һ̤䣬ֱӴԨгԨϿա
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Ŀú¶һĨЦ

ħЦһֻ֣һɫħ˸
̫ӡħ񡣡
ûκɫֱӿ³һ
ڻһʱȻͿԨϿգڰħϿգУֳڰ׶߾һֱӻΪһ޴̫ͼգաһ½ħԨڡ


2127 ӡ
Գ棬ԡħĿãĿأһȣйâһһɫսìУ̫ͼ˲ȥһͬ޾ĺڰ¹ЯŰҹ֮ױȵĶҹأ¹ȴҫҹҹ档
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ߣʥƾЩ±δȫָҲ볤÷ӡңģھУվɢһԪ̹ŶδɱңӲҪ˵㡣
ħĿͷһͼɫࡣЩͼط򣬵ɣڵĲΣӲԪַ֮ӡܿ£˵ֻʱãʹõǽԡۻʴƫƫۻʴûдﵽԪΣҲ˵Уûӡǡֻʱģʱ޵ģûбԴӡǣڰħһεǿ˵Ҫĥӡûеôѡ
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˵֮ǰͼûĺ֧Ļһ̣˲ӵ֧ӵ˺ģһͳԭȶһ壬ȴһ塣ֹʮٱ
ۼ̳Ԩ
¶һЦݡ漴ͿΪһ⣬ֱ뵽ۼ̳Уõļ̳ͶӰ׼£˲۳ʵʣ·ۼ̳Ȼ䳯Űħѹȥ
գ
ħĿۼ̳ͻȻһϺȣ漴ͿںڰУһ򴨹麣һ㣬Ѹٳ۹ȥϸȥǺȻһ鰵ħƬ
һһ飬ѸٳŰħǰۣһٴλΪħֻ֣ǣħϣѺɼֻǿۣܵˣû޸
Уֲѹ޾⣬˸׽ħǿѹƻԨ֮УһɫķӡԨ֮ϣԨܣҲ˲乴ΪεĽƣסԨ
Уȱħ׻ָؽʥͥ
һĻлص
ûã޾䣬޴ۼ̳ΡԨͬһ¾ͻָ
ʥʥ°ɡ
ʥôûˣʲô°ɡ
ںڰУĿ÷ӡ̵Ĵװգһ϶¶֮ɫΪӡḶ́ǿĿõġеĵǣﵽ¡
һϢͽֵһɨա
õģʥʥ¶ˣʥû¡
УһϢѸٴݿܿƵˡ֤аȫĺܣûκˣ
ʥڰɳǣռȶ߽зչڷУؽҴǵġ
һգ
ģ֡
÷û߱ɻҰ
ĳͷһ
һɳУ˷ܵĺտųͷͳɳǣڳ⿪ģѳдʿӣ˷ȥ֮ǰĢݣ״ݻ˸Ҫ޸Ȼͷֻڴ˵ǲǼ顣ĽǿǾܶΡ
ؽѣǺó
ڰѸٱһȻľ
Ļ棬ĸĿɿڴ
⡭Ҳ̫Ϸ˰ɡ
֮ǰǰħǽǱȵĽ·ߣ׼ҪƴĽ׶Ρû뵽ȻɾͽˣؼĹŹħ⣬ҲУɨһգɳķתзˮ֪УؼķΧȻȻڸı䡣
ڽпûԭЩʿȫϴһ飬ħͳͳΪУɱɸɾûħԳɳռ䡣ı仯ʮġ
Ƿӡܹ׷ӡħôǿһԪʥ˲εĿħ񡣡
֮ܶвģǿߣκһ˿Ϊ㣬ҵ·´ƷӡھãһħҪ߸Ƿַӵ顣
ʥС
ĿͬںڰУƿغڣȻĿ׾ԭ顣˳档
ǰħ˵һԪУҲһǿߣ̹Ŵ沫ɱֻϧһͷ룬ħħڿ츫£Ƭû뵽ûгȥǳںϣ͵ɵ磬ںڰֻ꣬ڵûȫָһʵֻһ붼ûлָܷӳʵҲ֤ǿڰħ֡޸û뵽ٴ顣ȻȱԲ
ĸǹŹֵĿС
һΣеʵжô񱩣ǰħǰվһʥ˼ħ񣬾ȻǿаڵĦʲôζţ˳֮Уȫʸʥа塣ң֮ǰսģֻһѣûж
ȫʵ
ȫϸ˼֡
ɲΪܹħӡסϾһԪϲǾԲô򵥵ġӵеֶεƣൽ㻳
ԷΪۼ̳ӡԨ㲻ԶӡҲаգ⼸ʮУȵ֮սҪǾֱԷһһоųԨһбʣӦӡ԰ħԽǿԽͻƣԽСԽпܿԽӡӡ԰ħħȻᰲ֣ڰ򣬻һս
ҡҡͷ˵


2128 
ûдﵽԪʥˣԷǿݻۼ̳ϷӡյĿģ԰ħӡѾħϢһκ춯ᴥӡƣֹԨͨħҪӡ򲻻ᱻ˵ԨһŴħעڰɰˣҪħϮפԷһڱС
ûг׽ħ֮ǰҪóħ￹׼
ڰѾƿ֮УǾ;ûйõĵսʱδزһֱǿ;׵ľӣҪѪϴעΪһս֮أΪ֮
ҹаħ֮սǴûֹͣ
׿һħߡ
У׸ţַǰ㹻ս
Կ϶ħһŴ׺ùȻ𷴹
ڰ֣һΣҲϰٽ֮һڣվҪǷ㣬Ƿ´һ顣֮ݽάĺãȻһݼΪҪı磬ԸǷһţǲܾ
ĸ΢˵
ţǸøǷ
׵ͷڴУǳΪһֹڴ֮ǿ߶ԣҲжšֻǣ磬ڴ֮ʿ˵൱ѵáܹμӵģָֻÿΣ֮ǰųһЩ
Щǲ
һǧݣȥ˭ֻҪʱóܽϯУʢ硣ÿһ꣬ǧǶʿǿΪ֮Ŀꡣ
Ҫ֪ÿһУӵиҲʿ˵ǿ൱ģ׵ʳҲǳġζȥô࣬Ϊ׳Ѫ⡣ҪǣǴ׸߲һξۻᣬڸɳеĳǰ
Щ׸߲㽻κһ仰пܰŸָҪѶϢУһ㽻飬Ƕо޴ĺôĴʥܱͥʿУǿɲһҪ
ʱҪһͷ֪жôĽֻҪлᣬ˭ϣܹףΪܵĽĴ
Ҫǣǰ;Զ
ڻֻʥͥѾϢѾ߱ͥҪһͥǶʿҪͽᶼ޷ͽϵġ
ԣʿ˵ǿɲһ塣
֮һ磬óҵңΪһʢᣬһø֮֮УҲԳҴ׵ĵ̡ԶھʢᡣҴ֮Ͳš
Ҳ
йһʢᣬʢǿǰģǶǶĴܼǿߡֲεȻҲֻдܼǿ߲ʸܡȻҪϰ֮ǺʣҪߣҲҪЩˣΨʢĶᣬԳ׵ĵ̣ǵӡ
ţʢᣬһСһһ⣬Ҳôһ¡
ĸҲʾͬ
һԪͥΪʲôԶģУͥеʢᣬǾһҪԭ˵ʢᣬ˭ܲͥ˭֪ܲͥǿ̣Ϊˣ˶ǿ˲š
ӵиָĶȫʸʢһĶʢᡣʱ򣬴κôġ
УȻˣʢһͬСĻѼһ飬շȥɡ׵ͷȷ
ڰϰλܣбҪ£ġ
ֻҪһ׽ףǴκôͲһõģ֮սپ£ⶼڶĹ̡
׼
ѯʵ
Ϣڰ鲢ûᣬȻǴռݣȴֻһ죬ܱߣûѪػһֱܳʣ˿ֱӳ룬֮ģֻţԨУħһݷȻƣŪӣս֮ءǴ׿Խսսʺټţ죬վǳ֮ߣлᣬҪڰ򳹵װͼΧ֮ڡؼӦ֮ս
ƽ˵
κڰ飬һ⣬ǷʣûдҪԺڰ֣ѾˣǾͲڡлҲкôֻҪŲ⣬һжС¡

ڰ
Ԩħ֮ڡ
ħһڱϡ
ڣԭȵľͷ죬ڰ˫ɷʧˡµģֻԼЩ귢չĵϵڰ֮ģʮÿһȺڰѷɫһЩΪ΢ЩġҲǶǿߡ
µĵ̣Բ
ħӦôͷȺˣһȺһ򲻶ԣͶһգ˲ݡ
ڰѯʵ
ԨѾӡйȻ򵥣һԪе֮˳֮ͬСɣû֤Ѿ˲ΪƾֶΣ˷ָӡ㲻ʥ˼𣬵ʵϣѾﵽһΣħתޣվûȫָһԪΪ
Σֱлҵıħħ֣Ƹһ֣ڻκβǵӡƿڳȥҲܵ衣˵ٴα׵Сš
ħһǰľʮȻأԼԵĿֻ꣬Ҫƿӡͻ֮ǰģѾ֪ͲǱֻһѡ
ƫƫһȻܽѹǱǰǻʲô
ǲġ
ң֮ǰ鰵ħ֣ʮϤĸоǷϢһԪ̹ӵеϢ֮ǸоǾԲǴģԿ̹ġ
ֻ֮򣬲ܰԵıħ
ȻҲаħֵ걻̹ŻѺۣûȫ޸ԭڡ
ȻжúҲױ鰵ħ֡
Ȼ˾ˡûж˵
ǴƷӡֱ뿪ڰǰվ֮
һϢǿ˵
ȫԴͨͨҹͨ˳ͨǰҹ
һŲϢǿ˵
ڣһֽ飬ǻɽˮĵزվ·
ˣ˵ˣӡħѾ֪ԵֻǱħѡֻҪҲȥӡᱻﵽһΣҲᴥЩħɳ룬ҪռݺڰûôףħﱻϴʲôħҪж١ħҪա
ħЦ


2129 
еԴԨǴӪǽˣѡأȻħûд㽫ԽȥҪݺݵı
Ҫƿغڰһ㣬ȾͲӦڲܴƷӡҲҪ㹻鷳
ħģħսڣֻҪսƣǾ̩ɽ˭ǲսӵħأֻҪתȻܹӵԴԴϣ֮ĺħħƷףҪħ
ڰ˵
һΣڰ˫ɷЯħսר͹֧ԮȻġ
ħսҹרΪԹսȫսʩ̺ž޴Ŀռ䣬ִԴһħء
ħأʵ͸ҹսеЩħһмȡ֮Ϣݻħԡֻħظǿ죬ָܹȻͬħܸħƷսﵽʲôء
ħսڣ֧һʱõսǴǧ֧꣬꣬ţħսоսϵѭáϲսԴ
ǲѷɫħս
鷳ҹУҲ൱ϡ٣ֻսʼʱŻᶯõĴɱ
һΣڰ򣬾Ϊ˶԰ħ֧ԮΪ磬ǲֻҪܸˣǾԸ⸶ִۡ
ħսУҹħѾѻɽһħħ֪ǶôµӴԴ
ͨħڴ׵в̫ͣƷףΪףΪ׼Ͱհһģǧһ壬һٶԽԽá
һĵ˼ǣһħͻһĽħһǧħͻһħȻһħᵮһħ
ףѾ߲Ρ
ټҪĴǾ̫ˡ
ǣħ
ħ׷׿ڴӦ
սǿڴѾã׶ս顣

˵ħħͷļƻײûΪЩ̫ʣֻ֪Լ׶һ򣬻һ죬ƽʱǰû̫ನɰĽڷչš
ƾҲ˳ɿˡٴζһ˲Ŵ
ͬʱƾʽȷΪһΣжơ
ٴƽǰ
ÿ춼ܿɳϿյĹԽԽŨÿնڿٳɳ̾У̧ۿһۣܸܵĵ𺳡̫ͣӴˣǿ˸
һϢҲ֮ȥ
ķơ
ǱģǴ׼ʢᣬͬʱСһϢȥʱףܱ߽򣬸Ĺע
Ҫ֪ǴʢᣬǼߣμӵģ޲мӡʢϵĸңңؼ䣬ֻдʥͥвУˣûмǶһݵԪˣֹЧǶʿġ
һϢ֪ʿΪ֮ĶжĹעǰδеġ
˭ڴţܽᣬӵһϯ֮λ
ֻǣʢųȥĲֻ࣬ٷݣÿһݶֵǧϢһݳȥúܶǿ߰ĶңںܶԪѾľһǿ˵ǿױȵ
μһʢᣬп;
ܻţ˭Ҫȥ
ȻЩ޹أ˿̣С
ؿռУжڶԼıϡ
ܿǰֳʮö˸ɫʵƸ֣
ÿο۳ʮöһʮö񡣻ܣڱǰǿһУȴܿеıٶʮΡÿһŶ̺Ŷصıǡ
нʱʮ꣬ʮꡣʮꡣÿʮöɢȥٶʮöλҲٶʮ
ȴܿмԵʮְζţλˣЩУѾΪĳ⣬ˡȥƣʹλʼմڣˣλᰵȴʧлᣬתٴιĻƾӡǣٴλصС
ҲһĻԵ
ǰǣܹ˳תֻء
ǲá
ʮöȥǾʮλԱԽԽˡ
еȻһЦ־ͽʮöͶųȥڴţһΣܹӲһߣΪֲһ챦
Խֶ࣬ĻԽ
ЩһЩǿУѾԼʼ
ֻϧ֪ûƣǲܽеġԽأҲԽǺ档
ţЩӵʸʿҲԽԽӣˣÿξʱ¶챦ԽԽ࣬ܶ඼ϻȡԼҪıܶ࣬ԼûеġҲǸÿεľۻᡣ
վһ죬ӵгǧǼʮϰʿͬʱǲʢ
а૵ǻ۵̵ʱ
ɽ
龳Ů龳֮УһĨɫֵпʱǰѾûвμˣһβٴ˵ҵһЩñ
ȤģǸֱܹƱĵرҪõһ൱;ƽʱģլŮһСҪǰպЩ򣬽չУҲҪ
һ䣬ѾӾɽʧ
һɽС
Ȼܿһ󶴣ڶУһڵھʲôܸ̺ܵĶܽȥͻῴһֻɫвèһھţϸȥɲͨһ˸ŽĿǴһɳз·ܸܵдŹŹֵϢΧУȻܿĵڿУ·ȥǧꡣ
һʱɳؼ䶥֮һʱɳ̺ʱԣгʱ֮ͨʿһͻᱻҵʱ֮ϮԪѸģգۼͻΪһѿݹǡͬȥǧꡣû㹻ֶΣǱ뿿ġӲҪ˵ǿɡ
Ȼвè￪ɡ
ͻȻ䣬вè۾һ˿ϲɫֽеҪʼˣҿɰңҿҵܶ౦Щʱɳ϶ܻȡСǮǮ
£۾˸⣬Ȼ󣬺ԥǰᡣ

ģУ
Ϊ飬ѲѡʱξۻģѡǰġЩǵɡѡǰȥģİٶλ


2130 㱦ƿ
˵Ȼֳһűϣ϶һصİ֣⣬ûκ˿ԶڣǱĿݶԣǺô޴ôУûгֹΪ¶Ŀ׷ɱɱ˶ᱦ顣ȫԣνǾܹʮĿ顣
ӲҪ˵нǴϵرͬΰ
ںܶʿ˵ѾΪһ;Ĺؼݾ
µĿһгֵʿЩڰӰ˵ǧٹ֣嶼У˰㲻֪УصһֻèһͷţһֻѪ
ȻܶԷʲôУ֮гԹҲʲôٶֻǽ׵ĵطǽԹĵطһͬʡ
û
ףεƾȻ䵽УǼˡ˼
ͻȻзһ漴һݸ
ѡǺ޹ɵģֻԵ˭˭ոͳȥʮƣˡܿһȻǸͷһɫƤ˼ѹԻ˭
һĹͷɢʴϢĹͷǲ˹˭
в˹ˡ
һʮȤǿ
һŮͷº͵Ц£̺ɲʵǷʦһ
εƻ˼ôһȺˡ
˲٣˿û˵ƵĴ㡣Уֻе˶ѣ޹κݡһ㣬Ǿصġ
СǮׯ̨жһң¥Ƚ
Ĳ˻ˣȻȻĽܵйѶϢеĹ
ܶѾһʱǰǮׯһңǰ¥֮СǳһЩԼҪƷͿȻܶıģһڵݡƷҪλ֮ṩ
ṩƷ㲻쳣󣬵ܹǰһȤ
λۣͣᣬ֡еĹشҶӦúǲ¹ֻͣҪһԺеѶϢ֪
бйƽԲκѶϢƭҡƷѶϢʵУֻҽнסһֽǮһֽ壬ģвȡκηãҲ˵ȫѡߣȫõĽ
˳̨ϡ
ҲҪνȳٶΪţóÿһƷ䱦Բȥ
žžž
һ֡
һŮѾһ̨
λ뿴һ
ЦָǼƷڵĺڲѾҿһ۾ܿһƬҶӣһöɫҶҶϣعϵڽ֯һۿȥܸܵʮֵأء
ǽʮ档
һöޱҶҲҶҶ̺ͨЩͨͨЩо˵һöҶУ̺һŶͨ졣ԣҲ֮ΪҶһʹã˲ݳ֮⣬Ӵ󲿷ֽơʥǰҲӶݡңϢܵκֶ̽ҶʹþŴΣŴκ󣬾ͻɢͨ
Цſڽܵ
һƷǾʮֵϡУޱǴ˵е˵һЩҶɢ޾գп·ʱһƬпΣյĽвҵңǿȻҶһҶ
Զգǹؼʱ̣֮һ
ܶǿǶ۾һȻżȤǱҪһ㣬ܹ൱档Σʱ̣Աסһı˭ӵе̫ࡣ
˭ܲĶ˭ܲҪ
ҶڿʼļöңÿμӼۣһǧöҡϲⶥʼۡ
˺ԥĿ˵
У
ĶһĶǿߣ̷Ƿ۸ʱҲɵľĵһ¼XڣǣһθоеĲεжߡ
۸е㾪ˡֱۡȻҶļֵȫֵ۸񣬶ңԶԶֹУ޼۵ġ
мۣ޼ۡ
̣ѾʮϤҪģ漴Ϳʼۡ
öؼʱ̣ҳǧöҡ
һԴ˻Ƶھĵ
ǧ򡣡
ڰǧ򣡣

۸֮ʼԱԽԽ࣬ĳƷȻҲ֮ļ۸һ·߸ߡıԺܶʿ˵ǲɶõıȻĺܼҡ
ûãͱһǿ԰ǧöҵļ۸С
һƣΪſΪ𣬸ԹĹأƷɸߵͣΪƷƷƷƷƷƷס
λ׸ߵ֣֮ԲͬúֵԽߣƷԽߡӸոʼͷΪƷٴγΪƷٶΪƷΪƷƷذ꣬ɱΪƷƷǧ꣬ΪƷƷǧ꣬ΪƷھƷϣһ΢СʿɱΪƷƷΪƣ̺ϷκʿԷãǵõ컯ſ𣬾ǾƷ𡣡
ſ𣬿ǣΪֻ̬̳ÿ̳ʮڿʼһ̳׼öҡÿμӼۣʮöҡ
˿˵
ƣһʮĶȵҩҩҪеûУֱãǲʲô̫ҩԣͺǳ伢֮ãȥӣǺȵƷ˾Ҫȣһܹá⹦ЧֵȻ͡
ڳܶˣʱȤ۸Ҳһ·߸ߡ
գ̳ſֱһǧһǧһһǧļ۸ɽ
ۡ
и챦ϳ֡
ܶ඼Դ׵Ķز˵ֵߵͣϡ̶ϣûеġĳ͵ļ۸ֳΧ˵൱ҡ
һһ챦Ϊ㱦ƿڱƿУһֶص㣬ڻƽףʮɢһŵͼ֮£޲Էʱɢŵ֮£һࡣ˵ؽףԻɢ˵ʥ˶СȻǷʵҪδ֤ʵ
óһƿ˵


2131 پ
챦˵ر𣬺⡣ܹ㣬ص㣬˵Ǿ綾ҲǶΪֻŵˣʧȥ£һʱ䣬ͻָû̫Ӱ졣ȻҪԵ˵ʱǾֻҪǣ㱦ƿڴﵽؽףҲǳΪ鱦ܹӰ쵽ʥ˼Ķ㡣㲻ʥ˳ԵļҲӰսáֲΣ˵ѹƼɣһɣɣпܲԵı仯ɾ޴Ӱ졣
ǣ˵㱦ƿܽףҲǳΪɢһͷųȥŵ󣬾ʥ˶⡣ؼǣ㱦ƿɢ㣬ǾзΧģǶͻӰ쵽ĳЩҪʱ̣ȫҾƱá
е˼Ȼף˵¡
һֱûв뵽УܶƷǴóģûбҪ򣬲УֲǰҲҪȳש
ǰ㱦ƿǴ׵ĶóƷ
Ȼ̫ѣΪҪҪ滨ľȡ滨Դ֣ǧ֣滨Ǹ࣬Ҫ
Ѫ̫Ǹܴɡ
ջ񲻶Եȣɶ챦ĻᡣŻó
ҪȻƾ㱦ƿ죬Ǻܶ׷ı֮͡ؼʱ̣áϢ֮£С
ڣʼģ׼ۣһǧöҡÿμӼۣһöҡ
ٴ˵
챦ļ۸Ŵ󲿷ʿΪѾˮǴߣΪõı壬챦ȻǼֵıܰϳɳġ
ԣ۸ձѾﵽһǧöҵĲΡ
˵õһԼãۺҲһҹȻ챦ĹЧǰ۸ҲǸͬģЩԴﵽۣЩͬߣֻܴﵽһӦļ۸ϲȥˡ
㱦ƿںܶУһߡ
ûĿԡùҲϡ
ֻܶĳ˼μۡ
󣬾ͱǧļ۸С
ûãҲʽˡ
ǵһ׶Ρ
̷ֱ໥豦ȡ
Ѿڣʼһ׶ΡλͿ໥бﻥ
˿ƷѾȫɾģңǽƷѾ˸ԵС֮һ׶Ρһ׶Σܵӵһ㡣ܶ౦ʮȥȻãȡ裬Ҫġ󻯡
ܶ˱͵һڡ
ҪһܹɽŵĶͼǷͼҲɱͼƷԽԽáΪˣԸ⸶һŶС̫顷Ź֮
һ͵ȿ˵
̫顷һŶУ£л֤ΪһĴܼǿߣң̫飬Ҫ⣬ٶȼ졣
Ļһʱλ¶һ˿Ȥ
ȻŹȱݵģ飬Ҫߵ£˵ͻ塣ܷǿ֮
һͼΪľͼһ£ݻ֮ƣڸֻľмĴٽ֮ɳٶȱľУǿ
һǿ߿˵
ͼΪ콣ͼͼп콣֮֮ܣǿɱ֮ǷɱУ͡
бͿ˵ȻҪ
΢Ҳ˵ͼнͼ̺֮սңսԽǿͼԽǿУҲɱУѭǿԻ֮ɽ
ͼǰõսƷڴ׵ĹУֵɲ͡
ȻȡһŶУ׬⣬ȫ뷨ˡ
׵ǿߣڿС
ûãѡѡ콣ͼ˼֤£ܿ໥ɽס
󣬽ףܿš
ÿ˶һ׵ĻᣬνУ챦νʮȡ
Ҳûֽ˼ıһЩֻҪлᣬǺԥýСֶ˭Ӷ࣬ڴУжҪ١
ѰԸ顣˭ֻҪó飬нֵӦıҡһǵǡκһֶԡ
п˵
ֵʱԥľ
Ըɣ൱ǿģֱܹǴԸǿ棬Ų˼顣ʩչһΣȷʵ⣬ЩҲڲռ顣
ΪֹѾö
һǣǣǣǡǡ
ֻʣǺûռһ룬ͿٴξһԸĻᡣ
һֱУǳչԸ顣
飿ⶫ𡣡
ͻȻڣһö˸â飬棬Ȼ˸öǣƺ̺Ų˼޷·ʯ
һö顣
飬ļֵԻȡǧöңҲԻȡӦֵƷ
ȻԣҲһĨɫ漴˵
ܺãҪһöޱʯñʯ
ƽ˵
ޱʯ
пԣϣѾޱʯҪռ׼Ҫʲô
΢󣬷ּóһöʯһöʯһö飬ֵ
ټһö
ԿʯһĨ⣬һ֣óһö飬һö顣
ɽ
׵ͷӦȻ飬ѾǼջ
һö飬ȡһֿٵ
һͿ˵
ԡ
һϲ΢ʹӦóһöеͨҽ顣
˳ֽס
һüö顣
һڶѾռһ塣ʣöδҵҲ൱ˣжԴˣҲʮ⡣
֪УĻѾ
ǵڣλԽԼ̽鵽һЩѶϢóʶ
Ц˵
˵Ȼ˵һߡ
ֽԸ
˵ѶϢҪ֮ʵ顣
ӽиݿɿϢʼһ򴨹һʼУˮתϣعԴͷʧ򣬽ĸɺ֮С򴨹ĩڣˮԴ۳ӣн컯ˮ
һʿ˵


2132 
һУ֮иĿΣ֮ģҲĪĻԵһЩˮԵʿ˵ǿǺô޴ʤеõĸܴĵ̣ͻƣ򵽸߲Ρںܶ˶ԣһδõĻԵѶϢӽˣͲ֪˿̣ڵһӦ󣬾Ϳǰӽ򣬵ȴԵĳ֡еĺô
طЩء
ֻ֪ҲºܵõϢʱ˵ʲôˡȫûֲĿܡ
Уϵرͬ򣬷ԽеѶϢܾʱЧԡ
һϢ󣬺ܶǿ߷׷ײƺáĬĬ£ǻ᲻ȥ٣ѶϢҪģпܣ뿪кͻⷽ¼ڲᣬĵȵȡ
Ϊһֵ̣ȥ
ĵ۳ȸΪģţѾͳ򣬸ݿɿ鱨ļʥͥң֮УѾ۴ʱ׼սչֳǿľУķ¹ڣдǣԴ֮ΪԴľŶر߽硣Ŷ֮أΪĽ򡣡
һʿ˵Լ֪һ鱨
ѾҪʥͥˣʣĵķչٶһ㶼ǱǹŹĸҪԭ
ӴĳڣҲ̶ʮʱ䣬Ѿ˴ĳɾ̵֪͡Ҫж󣬵ȻǱħߣ޴󣬲ĥ
ؽͬ
Ȼ˳˳ˮ
оⲢǻ£Ǵ׻Ǵģվ壬ڶԣûгͻĿܣ˴˽򣬲һ飬ָľ㹻Զʱڣǲͻġ
ڽУнʮһ̫껽̫껵۳۴岿䣬ǣ壬չѾмĽչõͥķ֣̼ǿʱе£ӵдŸаΪة࣬Ѿ٣Ѿռ򣬼ʥͥ
һʿ˵
ǾԵĴ壬Ҫչνǵһͳ壬ѡȡţܣԲһȻ˳˳ˮһɳ졣
˼ߵݣϽʮһ̫ӵվǳɾһҵͲ֪ߵԶаԸ̾
ͬΪߣĵ·Ҳ;ͬ顣ܲߵ۷壬һ㣬˭֪ߣһ˳ĲֻǳҪһЩѡȻ壬ϣ;г߱ƣǰڣȻ˳˳֮ô򵥵ġԽ棬ԽǼѡ
Ҳӹţ򵽣˳ķչץס㣬κ壬ܿһҵܲ߳Ķ·Ҫûˡ
ֵõѶϢü˳Ѿʼʥͥǰ
ǳɳٶȣԤҪ˶ãʥ֣ͥһʥֻͥ£᳤ʱһΣͥҪʵ̫ˣǰᣬѾס󲿷˳Ĳ
ЩѶϢĽֳʮҡ
ǰμǿ߶оСģǴ۽磬Ŀӽ硣ʡƽʱ;˽⵽Щ
һţ˼Ľûиоƣ²Ͼܶණǰ֪飬ȴ˽⵽Լ飬Ȼһֵø˵顣й˳ģйڱģԼ¡ָڲμӵ˶࣬ṩĸѶϢȻ
һʱ䣬Ŵǡ
һԣֱӽЩѶϢһһ¼ԷڲؾУΪ׵ĵ̡
ϢبŴ½ϣݣֽ·֤֮·
ûãͻȻһʿ˵ݴڲɽɽſʼʵǣܵǶȻ֤֤Ԫɾϴͨ˵̹ŴһϹ·ӵǧؿ˭ܴͨݣ˭ʸ֤Ԫпܻȡ̹󡣡
ʲô
ԼͬģܶʿǰԵһ
У̹֮û˭û˵ģبŵһɽ̹ŵǿٵأصĴ˵֪꣬ǳòϢŲ
̹һ·֤ĿԣǲɵģǼ൱ȫпʵ֡
بŴ½У󶥼ǿе콾޲Ħȭƣ׼ȵ·ʱɱ·һʥ·ҲעһѪȵ֮·ݺܶǿߵԤ⣬̤Ϲ·콾У߳ɻ档ж˿Գɹδ֪˭֪
ǿ߼˵
עһѪпĵ·һҲһ֤Ŀ顣
һСģп档
콾Ҳˡ
ûʲôŴ
Ҫлȡôֵ֮ߣ޷ˡ
Ϣ˵ֻܹǧ֮ڵһ콾һ̤ݣ̤ȥҲòκκôֻװ͵ഫ˭ܹߵݾͷܻȡ
ٴ׳һذϢ
һ£ģһһϷ׷¶֮ɫ
ֱǲ˼顣
ǿǶ֤֮һΪ֮֮ͣǵ䣬Ҳ벽ǹغǵ;˭޶ԡ
һעҪǧŵܵǶ˻ǡ
аԸпǲҪģԼУѾ֤֮ȥѰ󣬵ϣõģ֪ж١
֮սĸĿģҲΪܶ⣬ο콾Ǿ͸ˡ
о忪ʱô
ѯʵ
ʱûȷеʱ䣬һЩó㣬ʱڰңȻǷǰӳ٣˭˵׼ֻһŵʱѡԤ⣬ʱ򣬱Ȼһλƽʢĵ콾Ես
ҡҡͷ˵Ҳһ˿ڴ
Ҳտڲԡ
Ȼ˵಻ţǾǱ˵顣
ȻĻѾĺܶǿߣһ˼
ʱȻţ֪УҲеβѶϢĽ
ʱһһ߷׷ʧȻȥظʱλạ̃ûܹĳеסȥȥͬһһ㡣
بŴ½ôʱ䣬ҲμӣɻҲԲμӡδزһμõܳɲš
жڱϣĬã̧ۿգԸп
Ѿʺٲμˡ


2133 ֮
Ϊʱض֤ǿߣѾһٲμӣȻǿԵģֻǣϣЩ̫ÿϾݵλȻͬЩͬ콾ԣУѾ߳һ㡣Ϊһλ˳֮ҪǰԵδЩƤˡ
һΣƤȻ൱Ҫġ
˳֮Ƥ˳ƤûֱӰ쵽˲ŵ˵Ķѡ
ԣѾעûа취μӵģҲ޷̫һõϵĶΪʸ֮ģЩǡȻµСܹӱĻǾ˭޷˵ǿΪףΪ⡣ٺò
ʱ䣬վңԽԽҪֲ򣬸㣬۶ˣվʮɣѾܿˡ
пɳϿա
УԽŨŸԽԽǿʢĹȻԽԽŨˮδʯ۴ɺ
Ŵ׵ϲÿղԽԽ࣬ǺУṩˣҲǲô׵Ĺٲڷ֮ءء˵ٶֻԽԽ졣
ΪֹÿٶѾﵽʮɵľ˲ΡŲȶÿٶȣﵽߣͲ
ˣѾˡ
Ŀ䣬

֮⣬֮ϡ
һĿ⿴ף·ܸܵ׽ڣѾһεǣڣҪ̽ʵ֪ҪѶٱ
׵ԽԽǿʢ˲¡ûܵ½Ӱ죬Ⱥǵ죬д󲿷ʵѾ⣬Ȼ֪ݷһȺ֪ĶħЦ˵
˽⵽ѶϢ׹˾ͥѾҪ룬Դ׵ĵ̣˵ٶȣֻԽԽ죬Ҫ˶ãȻﵽͥټ֮ǰͥڴ˵Ѿκ£ûΪͥѾǱȻ֮ƣ赲֮Դף̫ء㲻ܽãҲδҪΪС
ͻȻ˵
ߣΪУʲôѡԸſƣУҾ죬ȻٺòȻݣҾ棬ܱ̤
Ѫϵľܾ
ϢѾһȺ׼ǵҹ֮ħһǳ֣ٵĲֻǴףȺһԪĴܼǿߡȻǵĻֻһȺϣҪվһ鷳Ҫ졣ڤЦ˵
ƻȻأֻһЩ˿ϣѾܹһ˿ȻᴫħϢ
ΣҾ𲻿ۣʥ˲衣ҵƤһͥʱΨһĻᡣʱҪô׳ҪôٴƤ
ҡҡͷ˵
ڶԣ׵Ĺϵǲɵ͵ġ
˵ȥ׼ɣʱԵ֪Ҿ衣ʲôıʣǾ˵ʵӦһС
ƽ˵
ʥ˼ǿߣܳӦԲ˵顣ǿԺ޼ɣУǵǾ졣˭ƣǾǵ
ײԸǾ͵ﵱ仯Ϊ棬ڷУؽµǡ
ʱ̹עףֻҪκ춯Ӳǵ۾ңУѾΪս׼Ҫô֣һ֣ǾҪ׳׸ΪǾÿһУޱȿµĴɱ
ʱȻš
ǰգۼ䣬ʮȥ
ʮʮһ
ʮУʮβ׾еʢʢᣬ޴䶯ǿߣܼʿʢᣬʢǰڰУϰٴܲʢ󣬸ʢ۷塣
󣬴ʢѾ磬У֪ǿߣ޲УΪһӡμߣ޲мӡ
ʮУ׳׽ķâ
ܿУ˵ı仯ԭռݵĽȫ׳ûб߸ĿܣƲ꣬Ҳڴвʥܴ׹⡣Уһ򣬱ƿء
䣬аգʿﵽһģһΪͣﵽϾǿ󣬾Ͷ䣬ǧ֮ȫȫɳ
СƵϵ
ѧԺֻҪһﵽ䣬ǰѧ
Ӱټҵľѧ˵ڴױؿ
ҪʲôӰټҵʵѧ֮
ԣ٣һ͡°գ޲ΪԺʮУͨ£ĺѾӽúѾװ޼е죬ʼ뵽ѪУһѪУѪ츳
磬װͨ£һȷʵԵ΢İСҲﵽһ࣬ڵڶʱѾָһ߶࣬˵츳Ѫڸֹգŵ츳֮ͬУνǳ͡
ͬЩ岢û
ڴУᵽ׵嫡룬ҪĽݾѪͬ
һʮɣ
̤ʥУ̧ۼ䣬Ȼܿ嫵ĹѾգգһ嫵צУǴܣǰȥ̽ʵ̽鲻жΨ֪ʮ׻۵ôӴˡ
ӵʮɣһӱǵһʮɡٶȣ˵ȥܻ
ʥͥ۵һɵ󣬾ԴﵽͥҪ
Ը⣬ڼǰѾȫнʸ
ֻǣûѡȻ̾ڹƺСֻ֪Ϊֹû֪Ѿӵнʸ
ֻﵽһɣҪԣӵУעҪһս£ȻǲġΪԷһǾԲһЩʱ䣬ô׵ĵ̺ʵ֣Ӽɡ
񣬴׵̱ÿ۶Ĺˣٶȱﵽÿһٶʮɵľ˲Ρÿһ죬ô׹˸ǿһݡڣÿһٶʮɣ·Ѿһƿÿɿӽɵ
а꣬ˣѾˡ
һĨ֮ɫ
Ѿȷ׽һʱʼҲ˵ֻвʱ۵̡꣬ͨ˵ɶʿǴܶԣֻһգ۵Ĺ
ڴ˵꣬ͬ΢


2134 ֮ʯ
ڤһ£ӦԽĴսаԳͥȻһսʱڤȺܣǴ׽Ƕ̫һˣˣԸԸ⣬ǽҪͷȻҪףֻҪĺãҪѡ
еĹؼ
ûгɣֱڤӷѶϢ
ûãڤǱҲֱӴݳϢټۼǰۻᡣ
кĸһЯֽ
ܿڤλһۿȥϣ·𿴲κɷɱһƽأ֪ݣֻ¿󣬻Ϊֻһũһ㡣Ƿ豹档һɱ
һɱ޾
⼸ʮУ׼ͬ׼
ڤӣκǰʲô顣ԽԽǶҪþս׼ûбҪľۻͲҪٿ̫һ΢΢ü˵
Щ꣬Ҳڱչս£ֻȴսʱ۷սı
ǱҪȻóȻλѱչءξۻᣬ׵Ϊʲô׵ԶԴ˵ڤ׵ͷ˵
һĿ漴ϡ
ȻҪ֪Ϊʲôżټǹ
ҲʮӣϾƻҪһûдףҲֵɣǾһнݡ
Ҵ׹˼ﵽĽޡٿۻᣬΪ֪ͨλһ⵽ʱ³ͻȻû׼ƽ˵
ʲôô졣
˹¶֮ɫ
ȷʵ˵ֻҪ׳Ľ򣬳ʵ׵̣Ǿпܽ׽ͥʱ䣬֮ڣֻǰ꣬Ƿʮ겻ѾߵĽޡǶô˼顣֮ǰ֪ʲô˳֮졣
ʥͥ˳֮˵ͬʱҲˡ磬˳еĹԱ뷷飬ЩҪģܵˣԹ˵ļӳּ֡ӳ֣ÿ춼ڡԱԽ࣬ľԽࡣǳ̫ӷף˳Ĳãǻ۵ˣͲ˵֧
ʱ򣬹˲ǻ᲻ıԴȥֲ˵֧˾ͻ᲻ϱģ鲻һŤתƣȻȻͻĩ·ҲǿԤġ
Ҫ۹ˣԲô׵ġܶ˳һʼ˵ǻ۹ˣάֹ˲˲Ѿһܲ׵顣׵Ľչò𾪡
治ʲô֮ǰҪѹΣôţٷչˡСǵķȣҪӿ죬Ӵ󡣲ȻһԪΪ𡣡
̫һаһ䡣
չֳĵ̣ʲô£Ҫ壬Ǵ׾ǰǰһϰҪǲῪʼնһɽѹͷ
Σ׵Ĵڣ壬һ谭
ǣһ˳ǴױضɾͥһͥҪٺףѶȱؽʼα
ѣѣѣ
õİ취ڽʱڰºֹ֣׽
ɰǰҪģ죬ȡؼġ֤Ԫɾʥˣ𣬱ؽΪɸĵʵ
ߺ֮£̫һĬˡ
ʥ׾֮жÿԴɡ
ѯʵ
꣡
вû˵Ҳһ֮ڣҴ׽н裬ʱ򣬾Ǵ׽֮աټλǸ֪һϢҴףһͥ
Уһ˿ƶ
һ꣬Ǵ׵һ̱ոտʼһѡֻǰһСȴҪʱ̣һͥעʷеĻԻʱ̡עҪʷУŨīزʵһʡ
꣬һ֮ڣô˵սʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ڣܷ׷׵ͷԼסһ㡣
꣬˵ֻһչصʱ䣬˲Ϣͻȥģǽսܴﵽļ£Ϊսø׼һսǶҪġ
ƶ飬Ȼսǰ໥һܵõҪıδزڴս֮ǰһơʱ򣬻иİա
ңɢЦǺǵ˵
һΣпһνףһЩòϵıԼҪϵĶȻٺò
ܺãÿСǱռһЩλѣģóӦֵıǰȡڤ浱ȿڱʾͬ
ͬʱһּ䣬ͿϰټڴУЩڱУһ۾ܿǷƷ
磬ҵӣѪѪģѪħѪʯȵȣܶ඼Ѫⱦ磬ѵһǮһܹõȻкܶռ챦һóϰټǴֱʣҷ
Կ϶ԲڤȫңֻһСֵС֡Ѫңѷɫ
Ӵ
챦ı㶼ԸóǶκǿ߶Ч
ĸĿú̲סһ֮һƿҩ
ǵҩ챦ԵҩΪ챦书ЧȻͬСɡ
ǽ˵еϱ
˵ȥֱʱճУٻԼĹȥδֻٻһ֣ģпǹȥҲпδ˲սδ㹻ǿ˵ֱӾܴʥˡŤתǬ˭õƴš±֪ڤ澹ȻԸó
һ㣬Ҳһȡ
вȷԣ˭֪ٻģһʵΡȻȴΡڤ浭ȻһЦƽ˵
ⵤҩѾû̫ˣɶڲ˵ȴʮҪ֮սУ˵ܱǿս
öҪˣﻻ㵤ҩ
˹ЦóһˮݵڤǰʾҪ
ڤ濴漴͵ͷӦʥԽ
ʥҲǷƷ˵ǻħ۶ɣУԿ̽ħ֮ҪǣڣѪԴԴϣܶʱٻħһ
ֽ˲ٴνס
ܷ׷óֱ
ЩĲΣҲǰզ֮࣬ߣȷʵ֮ǰܱȵġ
һΪ֮ʯٻ֮ţʵһĵȼ۽ĴԽ󣬵õľԽࡣ֮ʯȡʮ
ʱһ߳۵߿˵
óģȻһ䡣


2135 ľż
֮ഫؼԻؼ޾֪ʶĻеǵȼ۽٣õ٣Բκƫ֪ʿ׷ߵڴܹм֮ŵһ졣лȡ޾֪ʶ֮ʯǿֱٻ֮ŵ
ֻҪٻͿԽ˻ȡԼҪ֪ʶǸֱ
ʱƿȫٻ֮ţлȡҪ֪ʶֱӿϷ뵽֮Уԡ֮ڣȻ׾پͿͻơ
ң֮ʯһ֮ͨŵý顣ֻһԵıʣֵɿ޼֮ܶԣͬž޴
ҪȡģͬͨƷ̳֮õ䡣ÿһޱȣϡޱȡһԾҪʮȻҲһۣܣõĳģҲָû˻Լӵе̫ࡣ
ԣڣȻ֮ܶʯʮֵȣȴû׿ڡ
ʮ̫ˡ
ҪѰʵ̫ˡ
ʮˡ
΢󣬻ּ䣬óʮ˹ȥҲͷӦҲ֮ʯС
ľż󣬿ڣˣ˲䷢֤δͨлּ䣬Ϳʮöľżǰľżϣûò棬ֻ뾫ѪֳܸӦòûõģġ
ⶫ챦
Լġ
ھϡ
Щ꣬ϴӱԴ£۷Ѿﵽųɣ֤εϱԴųɣȫΪŮ˫ݣ߶Դ˼ӳ֣˳֮ĸˣټһЩķΪϣʹӲ
ķʮʱ䣬ŽϱԴ۵ųɵĸ߶ȡ
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ƽײǮׯֻдǮҵĹܡףдĹܡڵؽףǾû֪һ㣬Ǯׯзֻǧ
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ˡ
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챦ֶ̫ࡣÿһ֣վо޴õġ
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2136 ش
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ҪҲûбҪ
ûãеĽѾ׽
һ֮ս¹ȵ;κʧϣλѵʱʩչȫеħΪֹû֣ԵģпǾʥˣβֹۡһսǶпܻΪ;Ѫ·кηһ֮پۡ
ڤһ˵
λѱء
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ĸһ𷵻ɳǣصʥС
ڻ󣬴ҲʼȻ仯սѾʼգƽУɢһɱ֮ŨѪɷաÿ춼иָԴԴԴϵ͵սУǵҩǸҩʳʣÿ춼Ǵͽȥ
ս磬ױһֻ޴̽ޡԴͶȥȴ˿ûп³ġɳУ˿ûпκλҡ䲢֪׽ڼҪ˼ʱ䣬ҪͥÿԪǿҰޡһ
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ˣײ⣬ӦÿҪͥˣͲ֪ʥѡʲôʱνɲ̫ƽҴأܸ˺󡣡

Ѿڲǰʥͥɵ۳ʥͥǿĵ̣ӲڼʮоѾһлۣʥ֮ͥУ½ﵽĸϢ״̬Ҫǣе˿̫ϡˣ͵ĵعϡţɲòѡݷϢ
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Ψһܽ취ģýڰƴãⲻǶʱܼЧģҪʮ꣬ʮ꣬ϰʱġҪгЩ˿ڣҪܵѹ൱޴ġ
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μʥʥ޽
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λƽ
׵ͷЦŵ˵ǳϦǾӭ£ʮ꣬һ꣬עһĳϦҾͬ֡壬شף䡣
оٱ
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2137 ֮ʱ
ʽʼһŮ紩ڸߣϽʳȷÿһϯϣٽѾȥҩţӦӲϾһûпףӷ׷׿ʼڳԺ
һһε硣˭ԼһΡ
⿳ʳǶǿԴ󲹾ЩʳĶ⿡ζ̶ȣȻԡжſ𣬺ڿУǳȫĸܵС
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ᣬһֻһΣһЩǰѾõͬžٱ̸ϸĻͻ֣ᷢЩü֮䣬ƺһ˿ڴһ˿أвûǰɡ

֪УҹɫŨ졣
һ̣Ⱥ׷̧ۿգ˸һˣںϣ絮ʱ䣬Ѿһһ꣬ţԲһֻǸոտʼѡδӻšҹ֮սվȥһԪؽн
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һû˯Ĵշ׷̧ۿգɳڵλãΪ񣬶ʥһֱܵĸӦָӦʮȻ֪ʥǵλ
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Ҳ̲סһɺ顣
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2138 
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ڰЩɲ̫ƽӡûйȥһ꣬кħԨɱУŸεĿаħǿߣڣд׾أһʱ漴Ͷ̱ӣħԨܱߣչսΪһƬֲѪսĥһ㣬ź
˰֧ţͨսһڡԨսһСʮһɱƵʼߣЩħԴԴϣ֮ɱ֮սѾڣûг׽Щ۵аħʬ壬ûȫѪǣһЩǿߵʬʼšħնɱĶаħ
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֮ۡ

ģ
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ᣬʥ֮ͥУڴ˼أԳɾʥͥڰգ޵пܣ⿪ؽӵʮ½򣬽ѰҵҴװգǿ裬֣˶ʤ졣Ӻڡ°Ѵףӵ
λʥͥҵλѾ޷ɴ裬ࡣ׼ʥͥλɾͥ
л档
ÿ˵һ֣ܿǰֱӻΪһööɫļģڳγɵɫ֮УںһջΪһƪģƮ֮ۡ
֮Уȡĺκϡ


2139 ຣޱ߳
У·̺һĨͬѷɫζû˽ģԽֹνʤҹսУǴû˹һβǳǰΪѪɱУֱӹҹսѹһħߣ䣬ڰУԨħ޷̤Ԩս벽һеһУνܳҡҪ
⹦Ŀõġ
ĹƺǿɲǿЦġ
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֮ܿɫ֮һ˿к׵Ĵһĺ
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ƺ׼ԴĻӦ
Ҳһ̣бܵĸоԴʥͥڵ·𱻴ƣؼ䣬λμѾ顣
գҴ׵ͥ
дϲɲòͥһǾǳ׿뵽һأͥؼ䣬ΨһͥǴһԪͥѡһ׾һԪһͥͥҲȵġ壬޷עҪʷ֮С

̤ڼ̨ϣһ
εѾƳˣҲζţ׿ԼͥĴѾȻܲĽҪؿ顣
ֿ飬ʲôжûǰģȫǿȥһ·ٵһжδ֪ţǰʲôƾ׵̣û·ҲҪǿһ·
ʥͥͥҪΪɳ
еĺʱ׾ڣշ׷ϲ֮ɫ췢źĵϲȫйȥų޾ϲá׽Ѿˡ
ȻֹͥҪٵĿҲҪˣھͿ֧ܲŵס𣬱Ȼţ֮
ڤܿ϶¶һ
׽ͥ⼸ǿߵһġҪȻô죬ڣͥʲôδ֪֮ٵͷһء
֮ͥһ֪ûо
˼ھͿʲộɹһεĽ顣
Թۣһֹ̣Թۡ
Ҫˡ
ſʱоͿʼܵһɽƾնֱӳʥϿգһĽƾ֣Уһ׹ڴ󣬻л籩ӿֿ֣µĻ治ϳ֣ĩս١ɢµѹ·ҪµһУͨͨݻ١֮ڽ֮С
һʲôѣŻ٣
£ٴĽѣٶĿ飬Ǵ׶£Ҵ֮Уûث֣վҲԲֻҪܽͥһΡ
Уʿ׷׿գ¶ڴ֮ɫ
Ȼ֪ʲôȴ˿η塣
ҪʼˣҪͥô
һ̣Уһڣһ˳֮׷̧ۿգڵλãУ׽Ļ棬Ѿӳ磬һɼ
һǿ˳ڹۿ
ڴߵһ𾪣ȴû⣬׵һȣȣʵ̫ˣʥͥͥĻۣ£˭Ҫۼǧ꣬ԶͣһУͥʸûУżȴˣ˶ݵʱ䡣
ǿ˰ɡ
УҲ̲סԹֽһ
̧ۿա
һÿ̽˳֮Ļᡣ
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Ȼ䣬Ʊã׵ģΪһƬ󺣡󺣣Ǻɫġ˿һۣܵĸоɫĴУֻºˮǿɬġǵأգ·Ǻ¥·ͶӰ
ຣ
̧ۿȥڿĵһۣͱ֪ܵƬ󺣾ʲôǿຣ
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ຣǴڴڲ֮䣬ຣɺ쳾ǸĽ֯ԣຣޱߣͷǰ˭ܶɹຣÿУԼ֪Ŀຣ
ͨϰգǿຣǱ˰
Ȩ󸻺þǿຣ󳤴Ǳ˰
ۻʣپǿຣǱ˰
ຣκһຣÿһС񣬿ຣȴֱӳա
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Уһ־˵ԺС
ຣҪǰຣڿຣкɣڿຣ֮Уʱƶֻҵţ俪ţУյɱ䡣޷ѰţǾˣעʧܣ˳ǿȫпһຣšǾײˣ˵ͷ
õģôѰ
ңڿຣУʴĥˡĵģǾԶٻָġ
һǾζţ˱𣬲Ҫ˵ͥʥ֮ͥλȣຣһȥҲţ뿪н˵һν
û·ԡ
ȻҲѡҪǷȻ޽֮ͥա
˳֮ÿʱÿ̶ѡѡУпܴľǽȻͬδ
һ˳֮нˡ
ʿܰȻ
ǱˮһսûѡһξҪôǰûзҪô䣬ҪôɹûбĿܣֱ̫пˡ
ѡ񡣡
һ̣Ŀϡ
ֻԼſ£˭Ǹ档
漰֮£ûܹܵ
˳֮нˣҴףҪôͥҪôʹ˱𡣡
аȻûаɵķһԡ
ף

̾ƳϿյĹƺڣһ߿֮𣬺ȻֵܿצչʱﵽһʮӴ֮չؼ䡣޴֮ģһǿѹ˷ǹȥ
ʲôһɣȻһʮɣ˶ˡ
ܣģռ㣬ǴٶʮҲܻӴˣ⵽ô£׻ԴΪ֪;
ڤĿúȴһǿҵ𾪡
壬֪ģʵ̫ˡ

צֳûκγɣſڼ䣬Źƺ͵һƬƺ޾ˮһ㣬ûڡ


2140 
գ֮䣬칦ƺѾȫʧ˽ʱ̣Ĺ¾ȹѵǿ֮һ֮Աڿຣвݣຣû޷ѡԵຣ֮ڿຣδ
ʱɳڣһϲãϢŸ֡󣬺Ȼܿһֻвǧɳɢ֮ӳƿնǴ׵ĵһЩϵ£»֮۱ԴѾɳǧɵľء
ǧɺ񲢲ʮֲۣÿһɣǶ൱˵ġ׿Ǻķ˺ԴԳɳڡ
Ȼ۷ʱʮǧɶԣ׶״̬ڣԿ˳Ϊ֮Ϊ֮Ѫƴĵز
Ȼշ𣬳צƿնȥ
צҲǲ㲻ʮڴĿ䣬һı仯֮ˣֻȻֱ뵽צڣһӣצϣһ֮ƣת·һӣͶһ޷ʵУӵĺأ·õȫ
ЩצûκγɣŰһε⣬ƿգֱӳƬ嫿ຣ֮С
һȥʱͿڵĿຣУһƺȻȻľͳƹȥڿຣڣٲȻܿø֣һ˫˫׹ǿ֣ץ˹ȥ
Īߡ

·ڿຣУݳµִںٻҪڡУ䳹ͬΪຣһ֣ȻЩڲʱצϣȻųһ⣬Ͻɢһ֮úø͸
ͬʱоƾڵڤڤУຣĳڲϵ
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Ҫҵţǲܵ飬쵽µˣֱóײͷļʣ֮һǸ͡
ζҪֱӡ
ԣҲͥҪΪȾȻֻһáͥҪѹܱ֤೤Ĺˡ
ܸоţȴܷ֣Ųͣڲƶλãǰһǰ棬һ̾ͳں档ÿγֻͬһطͣһӣҪ޷ִžͻĵطܲץסᣬȫǿġ
˿̣һڣĳһӦ˹ȥ
УຣУĹִΪ谭ƴ鴩еٶȱøӳٻֻǣйڣ֮壬ٶȿһ㶼ټϱǸһ磬ڿຣкֱײֻǣУǹ»֮ڲġ
ҲһС
±󣬿ɳȥʮֿɹˡ
ˢ
ڿຣΣ֪ʱţ׷ųŵϵͻȻ䣬ǰһ޴ͭţǹУɹ纣óָ顣
Ȼ򣬾ڸոտʼʱһ룬Ѿƾʧ
ٴθӦʱϵֳϱߡ
òٴתϱߣ׷š
ڿຣУͣǴ󣬶ǻܵຣԴԴϵͬⱾûκβͬ׷ʵĹ̡
Ǿǳţÿֻǣͣʱʵ̫ˣҪ볹ײ׽û㹻ʵ̫ˡ
ǰڿຣУҪıԴģһ޷֮ǰҵţҳڣֻ£ΣˣʥͥͥȻô׵顣
ܰԸ̾
Ҳһ˿ңͥҪЩֱӻȡһԪ̣һʼͥҪȻĲҿ϶Լܷӱҵš
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εѹ糱ˮЩѷϯ
쿴ϣˡ
ô£ΪʲôͻȻֱ仯鲻ǿຣѵĽѡʥͥͥľôʵ̫ˡҸоЩѷУһľĴֲԲһйŹ֡
Ҫ£ˣԲ죬ǵѪ⣬޲
쿴ʲôôоϤħͷǴħͷ
̧ۿգϵѷ죬һѾ˾衣ܹܵѺ󴫵ݵѹϯޱѹֵϢ
ţͿӲѷУðڵħƣħУµħ
ãȻΣգ˽һ
ϢǾĳˡ
֪ͨɳǣռƻý׼رϳǽս磬нʿʱ׼ս
µɫһ䣬ֱ仯ȻԤУĳֺɲôҪܵġǶϴףûûˡγô׽Ȼٴβ֣һ涼
ȫһȺΪʥˡ
ȫˡЩѷͨžľ硣
ͫһиֳһĨŭһƬ䣬Ȼ˵ţѼ٣Ϊ˴ףΪǵļ԰Ϊֵˡеıȥսȥɱնɱһеˡ֪ҴֻվǿΪū
ݣ׾н
ʥвﵱվӦ֮ڣΪΪ񡣹ݳ𣬿ɻ𲻾ߣ𡣡
һĻд
¼䣬ͿѷУµ㣬ĳŴ׾ڣϯ¡ǵأֱ̫Ĺâڵס
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зһߣգһս
飡
һֻֻ޴צƾմѷг˳ȻܿЩצʮɲɫһīѪ죬ʮˣҪѪ󺣡
ÿһֻצ·ͨ쳹һ㣬ŴһɳǺķȥ


2141 ռ
ռڣ׼Ŀ꣬צҺݺݵĺȥ
һɳڣ׷׷ŭܿÿһɳУÿһǽϣһ޴ķĴڣЩĴֳͨɫһֲĸоЩȫĿռڡ
Щ꣬׿ɲǰ׷ʱģ칤Ѿղɿ󴬣УʯУɼվƾܴӡȫɿռڡЩڵٽεŻǿ£ѾﵽԶԵ̨вĵز˵ѾһĴɱ
ǿԳɹģĴɱ
ΪӦԱؽٵѣֱдɳװؿռڣңÿһɳǣװţֱڶϱĵǽ֮ϡɳǵһǿƣǶ⻹ǶڣˣֻҪǳ̨ﵽ֤ԿռڵĺǾ;Բѡ
ռڣܹôɳǵķ˲
һֱ䲻ûж¶ȵľǽһ̡
Ҫ֪Щ꣬׿ǲղɿ󴬽޾вɼվͳͳǰĿռڡǰһʱ䣬ųɳǣװɣȫ
ǿĿռڣǶԵ̨ﵽвж֤ɲСв
ռ׼ϣԴ
һռ˲֣ڿֱӶ׼µצ
λãȻܿһԴ¯¯¯ҪУΪռڿɲܷģ¯ԪĹЧֻǣ¯ɵֻͷι֮󣬾ۼͻݽߣٴͷţҪⲿԴв䣬ҪȻٴгܡ

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飡
¯ת˲Ϣ䣬ͿռУصķ˸ڿ˸ɫĹâȻ䣬һɫڹѾȥצ¯У˲䣬ʮöϽɫҾȼմΪС
һ죬ƽ
ռһȥǲǻƽһǧöһΪСģΧսʲһǳ鴤һɳǣͬʱڣһμ𣬾ǧöҡǿڣǴǮ׾ɳж٣һιǺķѵǮƣȫġ
֣ȥ֪˻ᵱ·
Ȼܿһֻ޴צĵڹ£ֱӱСצڹʵʵײһ𡣼צܵĿռŤֱ飬ֳһִľ󡣿ռ·ڿ𡣿µ֮ռ֮ΪһУиצϡ
飡
һֻֻצۿɼٶڿռը
һընһѪǴѪƬһӷѳֲս
лѪ죬ĿѪޡ
ֲħڶ
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צɢأΪԴԴϵڤЩڤͨӿ£һɢڤ֮ͬڤʹߣ굶
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ľһ壬Хؼ䣬գǵأµв
Ǵ˵еƼĿ飬Խؾܴܹޡܱٳֺ
ľ壬ͨˮͨϾȴо˵Ȼ֮о˵츳߶ˣʩߡ
аǿµаһ壬ЩаһǿȾ֮Ų˼аϢҶ£˿񡣻каɺХһа졣
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Ϊ֮ףǾԲ˵ġ
ܿھľǵصĳڴ׸С
ڿռ£צǹУһɲĲ֣Ӵ˿־壬ȫġÿɳ⣬ǵء·һϫϯ
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źĴӾз
ĴŸɳϯȥ
ػ
׾ڣгУ׷׷ɳһӰӡշ𣬷һϺȡЩɳ֮һ̣ûĶѡƽ硣
ܿŹӡųһƱ⣬ɳǲӦصķĴɳи֡
ɫķ˸һ޴Ľƽ˲佫һɳǳڣӽɢĹâܿȻĴݳһذĺ֮ƽ磬ɳΪһ壬֮µΪһ壬ںϡṩԴԴϵԪ֧Žתɢǿػ
ƽѾŽʿϳǽѪսס
ͽˣǵϳǽȡսװڳУǴҵˣˣֵܣͬһƣؽ¾Ҵ񣬺ξһս
΢ĩѪвгɳҴװգս֪Ҵ׷ǣҴѪԣҴֻվйɱɱɱ
һ׷׷ź
սһսԾ֮ս
һսʧˣǾǴױ𣬴׷ǣݻ١
һĴҪôǲһе־ٶ׿Ƕй󹦵¡еһôô
һԣڤȴܶһʧ


2142 ׵
Ѿˣ֮䣬ֻ´ڵìܣеĻҪһսǱֱӻ׶ġãʱ򣬾һɱûħصħһλȫˣ÷ֱ棬Ȼһ鷳̫һЦ˵ü䣬ɷ纣ѾЩ಻סˡ
еħΪֹûгȷϣҪ϶ǲ˭ħ˭ħͳͳ֡Ҫľͳһ
ȫٿ
ڤĬһ£漴˵һУҪ׵ġ
ֻд׵ֵסĹֶܾΣŭǣ³ҪĹ޷ֵ׾ͱˣǾ³ĿԶûСǲ׾ڣβܾĻᡣ
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ȴ״ܾĹơ죬ǣҵţڳɱ䣬Ҫʼͥʱʱ򣬾һӲܡ
Ȼ׵ʵǶе𾪡
ռڵĴڣ̫ԵײС֮£һֻֻ֤צĵѱ飬ñɾ޴˺צ׷飬߽һơһξ޴ĳ
һɳռڣãܣǶһ鴤̫һ۽ǶڷŪôµĶȫǳ˳һءĴɱɽƵĽ䱸
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ܿǵصĳӣЩӿܹ£Ϊָħаħ֣ãħޣצ㡣ָǧٹֱ֣治УʲôͶܿĵֻ벻û￴ġ
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սľǮ
ףеǮ
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ܼꡣǵصս̤аɡֲڹÿһ·ͨⱬͻᷢ˵ıըֲƻ
ܼڹ⣬ֱӽսӲһ顣ȫʽĴ
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ܿлƽʿսڹϣұըƻܱ߲ܵһѪܿƽʿȴʼûе£ֻǣԵʮңֱײУѪ
ƷʹֱƷȥڹⶼķɳȥ޴ĴĴĴ
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֣ھУǶǱ
һһǶϡȱ˲š
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йֶ֣ΣҲǹ죬Զգȥļ̺⣬ܹת˲£һǿɱ
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׵ĸװ˵ʵڣ̫һȫҪ
׵չΪЩչ̫ˡ
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սڣһ֧֧սѾʱ׼սڸɳеģǳսսţһ֧ûжáЩĻڸɳǳ㸲Σʱ֧ܵԮҪһ֣Ҳζţһ̼
˿̣սȫڴϿ֡׽򣬴̧۾ܿ
ܿսڣĴһ֧֧ǿսš
ڸˣ׵ʼնڣʱԳսһУװգģĵңǴװգηս
𣬾ƾЩҪҴףδЩ̫뵱ȻˡҴף˵ܻġƾЩҴ׵ļǡб£ѽգУԵ㵽ס
Ц


2143 
Уһֺεơھӡ
ȫûһ˿һη𾴡еֻǲмŨŨս⡣ΣңҾ͸Ҵ㣬͸ָıӴ͸վĶ档
ҿȴԲ

һŤȻܿһž͵ĴƾճգһۿȥܿǾףֻǣЩУȫܸܵ޷Ƶķŭ䡣
вûǵ˼ǽǵڵϣƴýŲȡ˵ʥˣǷҲлɫļҪγˮƺĳֹ˼ɣûԳ֡
ڻûеҪǳֵʱ̡
Ȼתء
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һȺ޵࣬ҲҿҴס
Ŀã˼֪һǿӴΪ˳ҵλֻϧǵ̴ˣ״ͷҲǺ۸ġֻҪȹһνѣͥӴ֮Ǵ˳¶ˣҲٺ£ᱻΧӡͥҵλѾ塣
Ȼ飬ṫȥ˵Ҳֹ˵֪֪ʱҲκβоΪǰ֮κξٶҪ˼Сֵģм
У
Ѫһɭ˵
ȫܸܵһŨɱ⡣
˿̣ܿຣУһδηٴ󣬲׷ѰųŵӰüΣѾ˳ţȴΪʱ䵽ˣֱʧּõȴͻȻʧĸоÿһΣ鼸һ൱޴ĴʧУ˵Ļὥۣճױ顣
ңͣСΪֹѾСһʮɡܸоٶȣʮ־ˣҪǼ棬Ļ᲻ϵļӴɵ޷޸ġ
ຣޱߣѰ׵ģȣ԰ҵš
˵
ĿڿຣС
ؼǣܷҵţܷУǹؼҲȻûвԺҪƶ׾٣ҪҵˣǾ;Բ
ױѾΪУΪãǾֱӻ𡣷ٺõĶԼģкá
Ϊʥûа취ô
һĨ⣬ຣѰŵ飬治ˣҲΪ˿Ը棬ֻţԲûûǣһΣҪ졣
Ҳҿ죡
ħЦ˵
Ǿԡ
Ϻޱ仯˵У˿ûʾ˼һΣҪ;úЩʣΪǱŴġ
йâһʱͿһڵĵУ䣬һ͸ڵϣڵĵ˸ź⡣һȻ˦˳ȥ
ǵΣƿ֮٣Բ׽Ĺ켣ʮ·д˲Ϣ䣬߶ȻȻ졣ڵһʱ䣬ħħеһͶӰһͬ꣬һڤڤеϵȻȻĳ־ǰȻ󣬴ȥƾճħСħǰ
ͣ
ħĿúˣôܻ᲻֪һרн꣬׺⣬һУҪѣһʮѵ顣
£УԲܱУһ£ʵ̫ˣֱ˳ͶӰƿնǰžڡ
ǺǣҵĻ꣬˭ĵӣԪգܱ㹴
ħ𼸺ŭЦﵽʥ˼ԪѾԼգֱӳ죬ؼ䣬Ҫ˺ֱ죬һĹ˺ˣȻȴκβʱܽܺ磬ҪȻ
Ȼɸоһ˿ʹ־ʹǴдݳģڣȷʵꡣĿĿУһ߳⣬һУѪС
Ҷϣ
ħ³һ
һ¼䣬Ϳһħƾճ֣նϡ

һСоʹֲ֮ĴӵдݶΣĲ꣬Ҫħȥдݳޱȿֲ·ħһͷһ㡣Ӳħ¶һॣҪȥ
һ룬ߺȻϡ
ϧûڹ
ջߣŶѵߣâһٴθֳһֻѵλãָ
Ҫ䲻⣬ħڿʥ˵ʥˣƾ鱦ûа취ȻҪܹﵽĻ˵лǿеǽԪ񣬴е
У
ħŭȻһδûгɹɴ裬ȴʵʵڵģĥġǸʲôȫһڴֹƣѾǵűˡ
ô֣ڣѾ̲ˡ
붼룬̧ţһ̤˳ȥ
¡¡
Уһƾճ֣תŤֲѹ糱ˮϯϢ·ضڷŭһ㡣
һʥ壬⵨ǣѾ˻Ծþôϲ
ңɢһЦ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ħ̲סˣ׼
ڤǱ¶һĨ΢Ц֮ǰ룬βþ³ǵĸ֪ܸܵΣհأûбҪ³ڿƺѾӭжˡ
Ѿʼ׼һ˿˿ø
вϱ
һֻ޴Ĵƾմð˳Ȼ󣬺ĳеͷͲȥһţգһţ̺ͬħ⡣һ֣Ҫ첻⣬ҪزܻİԵħ⡣
Ҿħħ͵޼ɣħ͵޷졣
һŲ춼ˡ
ͷգһƬڰ漫ֲ
ýŲҡ
һĨâйâһһɫɫսìȻ֣սìϣ֣һεķâ·£ҲҪƿ
ì
컯֡ì
ìں£սìУ˲עž˵رԴ֮
ۼ䣬ìƿնĴźȥֱĴֻŵװ塣
¡¡
޴ĺ糱ˮϯ
ʥˣһǶǻصġ


2144  
һͬݣʥ֮£ʥˣǶҪһͷܵܵѹƣֻ֤ǿߣܾеֿ֤֮󣬷ʸվʥǰ֤ߣǾһΣûдﵽ֤صĲȫܸܵһѹͨʿֵͷ޷
ҪĪ
ȻŵסˣɻŲסС
ֻ޽ìʵʵײһ޾֮ţͿǾ޽͵һգһεڵħѪϲϵ䡣ìϣìѾʼȾѪϸĻͻ֣ᷢǾ޽ϣȻһ󶴣˿ڴĿģĲ
ýŲʱȵòһϣҲпǶӡ
Цſա
ˡ
ħĽţ£鱦δܹƣڣոһţ̺ž˵ǿͨȴӲơ֪һì̺жǿ
ìѾǼƷ鱦ңԶ
ìע£ӳ£ΰѾýŵװìײģҲҪһ
ôܣǿħ𣬾ȻȻʥڽһ󶴣ǿʥˣûдﵽ֤ʥ˵ʸûУô˺һʥˡ
áǿĺǿ𶼸ҳ֣˺һ㣬ȥ£磬ȻʥѾһУؼ䶥
һҪˣͲ֪սǿǾ𰡣ʥˣһ֣򶼻˳ᱻݻ٣ѡ
һĻУǾǾκˣ޷лص
ڤǣһǳ鴤⻭棬ͻ׽ܡ
ħǵģֻһֻţṳ̂׾ڣԸоУʮֵĲףΪﵽֲ˵Ѿһֽܵ顣
˵ǵֻͷڹ꣬ȻǾֻбʥԽ
ЦһħӦĻᣬйâһ֮ǰٴγ֡䣬ٴУħϯȥ
Ҫʲô֮ǰѾ֤ʵˣ鱦Σûпܵʥһǿߣⲻùȫû塣
ѵʥô˱
֪ʿֹ
Ҫ֪ոնϵĻ棬Ŀɼȫܹףʥˣǲõģóȥͽ޹װ˷ѷ
棡
ħĿãǱ߸ֳһĨЦɶãǸһЩʹѣңǻҪûз²˷һ¡
ƿնĵ¶һĨЦ
ڼͬʱֻħ׵Ա߲һ֣ȫÿ·ɢΣգ
ħҪ¶ЦݵͬʱֻǱÿĵ׵˲Ťתһߣħ˹ȥңٶȣһϰٱֹڵϣǹĸֳһ˿ɶ·ֱ
ۣ
һУħĸоԼڣٴα˽ȥͬʱһɲǼ䣬е飬׵ģһεĵͻȻУȻ󣬻㱼䣬ȻֱӴӼյ״̬ع֮ڡһεΰ֣½ٴС
ûںϡ
ڣ־ʹУ֮ǰҪǿҰٱ
ô
ħ𼸺ŵ亹죬գأʥʱʥ˲ⲢһЦʵʵʵ
ôô޷ֵղȣȫġ
ϣ
ħûаɣּ䣬סһħͳϵ˿иȥһռ䶼ȫܸܵħ̺жôˡ

ȻһΣȴʧˡ
˿ϣ˿Ǵݳһֲ˼ļͣڼ֮ͻȻ˿߾ͻΪޣ·һ㣬ħôƮƮĴ˿иȥ˿ȴʼմڣˡ쳣
ܡ
ħһ𾪡
ûʲôǲܵġ
Ц³һ
ڻһʱһ޷ľ޴дݶɽһ㣬ںϵͬʱӲħͨԪһħǿ
꣡
ϿգȻܿ˿ʧλãһ޴УУֲڲʡ
ֻڣһŭŭţһڳ۵ħ𣬾ôǿͺһֻ㣬Ӵбһֻһ֣һɿֲħѾգϯķأֲѹ
ôܡ
ħıˡ
ħ𡣡
Ǽٵİɡ
ʿǿ߼һ𾪵ڳ鴤һʥˣôиˣʲôȫǳ󣬲˼顣
ãɵƯ
ڤȴǵкáôģֻҪ֪ħĳı뿪ħ磬ĺϢ˵ô
޴
ڳɹˡ
ȴǰһҪ֪Ϊһٶ飬һ㶼ȣһʹǸħһϵԣиǲмһˡٴʱŲ̫ӡȴ֪ΪеĿ
Ǿһġ
Ǿ˲佫ڣ籾Դ֮ӳһϣǼڶݵʱڣֱӿԽȼƣӳ߲ε
磬鱦ּͣӳ£һӴﵽУȻֲܹʱ൱ݣһ̣ܷӳε
ոһôǿ
ǿԶʥвǿڡ
ûз£ħҲǵСӲ
󣬴ڵϣɢ˺⣬ʱôǿļӳ֣شǵ顣
쿴ຣຣгųˡ
ҵˣžȻͳĺ棬̫ˣʵ̫ˡֱ
ʱ׾ڣһĻ
ϸȥڿຣУѾ޴ı仯
ٴСѾСһɴСຣڵʱ䣬ƺǲͬģǾ޴ģ˿̣׷ĳţȻǰһʧ󣬹ĳ


2145 ħ
Ŵӳֵʧٴƶһӵʱ䣬һʱ䣬ͣģڣžֻ֮ңľ룬͸ǰǰûκȫɽ̬̫ˣ飬ȥ
ǱҲ¶һĨЦݡ
ҲǰһҪ֪ڿຣУܲҵţ˭޷ȷﵽһʮɣڣ̶ʱڣѾʧʮɡʣµģֶ֪֧ãڳžͳǰڱԴϡ
ĻҪǴֻ²ܻеڶΡ
Բܵڶ䵽ͷϡ
Ͳȡ̡
ȻĴʱ
붼룬ת͵ͷš
ܿͨͭɫϣ˸޾⣬鲻֡һĪ壬ͬ飬̤У֤ܳѷ

ֱС
һȥȻܿ޾ӿ֣ѾûǽȥͬʱУ˸ҵĺƺѾڡڶϴڣ̺޾鷢ɱ䣬ȫܿ޾Уص֣ӲΪһö޴ɵ
ɵ棬ֳָġ
ʥͥͥѾѰţһ˳ţʵ򣬾Ѿ̤Ͻ֮·Уûκ谭һжˮɣֻҪɱ䣬ǳɾͥ׾ٵ顣
ߵһ׽ͥٲȻǰ϶
û⣬ܲ
ǣɱǰ׽״ݻ٣ɷ档
ֻҪסˡ
ڤ¶һĨЦݡ
ຣе飬ǾҲ֣ܲعݱ䣬ʥ˽ȥҲ治ˣı䲻˴Ѱŵʵǲ뿴׽ͥԳ֣ѾһֱȻ
ⲻҪô
¶ס֮ìԾԾԣһȲĳ嶯
ôãΪľǴ׽ͥ𲻵ò³òֹʱǲĻᡣһΣǱǿнħ⿰֮ϲ᲻³ħȥ
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УݶĺøӵĿ£
ãããУȻһеĵȷʵ˾ȣȻҶУΪħ磬Ѿʤôⲻǳ˵ζѡҪ֪ͣҲҪͣ᲻ʵģпܲϺ㡣
ħ췢һЦ
еĻѾˣѾ̤ͥĹؼһȻѾ׾ڣҲйȫһߣΨһҪģǽ״ݻ٣ɱʲô롣Ҫеͷ­һѪϴˢܵ衣
¼䣬ȻܿйâһһڵħѾǰ
ħϣȻֹܿŹֵħͷϱ任ɲԼ䣬ɢһĪĿ־壬ľڣѾиħӿ֡
һţȻħİħħ٣
ⲻͨħ٣һѾﵽεĿħ
ħٵĿ£ɴѾܹһߡ
һԣ׶ãһãĶŭˣѾɱġ
ħ³һǰһ֣ħֱӺϣգЦſе;ѣգһ¡ħ¡ħ¡һƪ¡Ϳʥʥͥܳŵסƪ
ħ¡ħٰħߴ£ÿһ£ܵߵħ¡ƻ֮ԵûǵһΡҪԴװգȾѫ¡
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ħûгɣ˫ϣʮָӶȻ䣬Ѿʼȫͬϣ·ܿħ̾ᣬһµħ
˲Ϣ䣬գʿֻԺУһӿֳĻþĿһ
ãý
ʿڲ仯ͻȻ䣬һɳͬʱ֣ϸȥϢǴֱϴ̫ۣ̫֮֮µӡݳģ˲侪ѡ
һ亹죬ףԼҪУ붼룬׷׿óԼС
ڴУѾΪһճرα˵ǴˣСһ͸СУһнѾΪױر֮칤һи֮£øӵڽǿԸħܵӰ졣
ԿһϣԺеħ˲䱻һС롣
ûȫϡ
ħ̫Եˡħ̫ˡɵӰ졣ν޷ġ
ãǵֵסҸоҵͷʹҵ۾ӣѪаոоԼѾ߿Ѫˡ
ҵ֣ô¡
ãҵͷôڷ
ҵĽôצӡ
ҵָô˴֣ÿµħ
ܿڴ׾ڣŹħǶɳ⣬տʼı仯н³צ۾ֻ֣ëɴʲôģиһڵϣ뻹ҪСԼȫһܶһ͸оֽҪѣҪ룬Σա
ͷ·һһֲ쳣˫ֱ˴֡󳤳βֹ͡Ļ棬ϳֱ֣ͻȻֳƬΪħצġСһСεġʲôı仯Сǧٹ֣ﶼû塣
ǡħ¡һ¡ħ䣡
һʼħ£ﶼᷢ췭ظĹ仯ɿµĺ
нڣܵסħµϮ
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üͷ΢΢𣬲ò˵ʵǳ󣬾еô򵥡
̻ʣҹɻˡ
пзһϺȡ
ˢ
ǰֱӸֳһɫУУһɫӰֱ˳̻ʻ˭ֻʱǴģվס󣬻סҡԴ
ˣںҵСءôֱӽҾйҲ̫˼ˡʺܲˡף
̻۽ǣͻȻһ˭ڵ١
̧ۿգһ۾Ϳħ
һ˫۾ð̹⣬ǽһ˷ܡ·𿴵֪һ
̻㲻ǹһֱ㾡ʩչôֵĻᣬȥ裬ȥȥȣ̻Ϊǿ質ңħ˫
ָħ˵


2146 
̻ʣħڵһӳһ˿ͣ٣ʱעʥͥħȻ̻ʣЩ˽⣬֪̻ʲôǸһù֮֮ȮһùϵëȾɫһĻڴУ˼ɵ֡
̻ʣһڸ質Ǿħ֪öٰࡣ
Ҫǣ̻ʸһ֪ܵĶ
һմȾϣҪǾˣôһɧ
ƾһùĶȮҪסⲻǳѣǵͬ٣ͬа֡СС̻ʣ˺£ɲ¡
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̻˷ܵ۾
Щ̻ʵӹǽһ׾дͷˣΪʣߵǶǹмӣ챦ټϣ׸챦̻ʵΪ磬ͬǸһڲؾҵһʺĹǾ͸ǲɶƵķٳɳ
ŹҲ⣬ֶ˾һֱֶ֮Ŀ¹һˣˣǿᵱɡù͸ֵù֮£ҵȥ
̻һùˣŹѡ
һţһžͻͽңʼһµֶ֮ΪֹΪ磬Ѿڵ̨֤Ѿңң
ȻֶùֶͲܸͨġ
ؼ䣬Ѿûжǿߣ̻һֶ֮ܺġ
ʥˣҲһҪһԡ
лħ֪дд裬ȫ̻Ͳõ顣һ㿹ܶûУ˷ܵһëڶڷз衣
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ȿһӣû˶棬һ֣ϣŸָ֯ãһۿȥʮ¡
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ȣûбĹֻ򵥵ļǾǣܹ󣬸ǵޱȾ޴ͬʱãڻƽʱʱʮ˵ؽףѾһٱ
ܹϰٱ͸ǿƻǿ
Դȣ̻ʻû鳩ĸ質˵ȵãܹԼĸøܹӵӡ̣գʱʱԺи֡
һΣҪԼһ´ȵĹЧҪʹһչ
Ҫ֪ܵõ֮ͥ½ʩչĻᣬǿǧѷ갡
ȡ
ħ𿴵ֻȣҲɵһ鴤
̻ټһֻȣǻʲôʥˣҲԤᷢʲô顣
Ҫ裬ȥ
ħûκγɣʮָٴοʼҡ
٣̺УصɣøӵŨңЩɣ볯̻ϯ·Ҫ̻ʵûħУħٲ
Ҳ
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еֶһЩżоգóԸѡ
£ɫһվڴǰ
óһֻӣһɫëãһʥĿʼ質
ıףðʱ㻹űţţ
һһڣȫܸ̻ܵڸбʵСң̻ʵĸֻͨȣֱӳħϯȥħħʵʵײһħƺǿĴ͸໥ŤͬʱȻЩֱغһȴ໥ŸԵĿϯȥ
ȻȵҪĿħ𣬵ɢನɸǴƬƬ򣬸Ƴǣܱһ
̻ʣô죬ǰħ̻ʰ
ˣҲס쿴ûгӡҸоҺһֻ
ѽ̻ʸˣҸоѾܹסˡ
ǰȻ̺ħıǰҪСѵ̻ʱˣԣǣ̻ںħս֮ײ໥ܵģֻನನнڣǷ¡
ڸоı仯̻ǰȣҪ౶
°˵Ǻ¡
ھͿ̻ħ𣬵˭ŸʤһܹռϷ硣
ʲô
ħĸо̻ʵĸУһֹ쵽µĿ·ĳԳ棬ǽ԰ĹЧңǿǴȵ£ѾħΪ֮ĿȻԼħ¹ĵ롣Ϯ
һ룬޿ײĹ¡
ħԼоԼ·ĳֱ仯
ֻǣֱ仯оʲôΣһһΣնûУЩϵĸıѣҪ˶ãɢʱȻԻָ
еħ£ûйȥЩֻʱһߣԺ˵
ûΣա
ǴҪġ
УڤǣҲʶŴͣ¶һĨȻ벻ŵı顣
ħıӣȻӣڱϣʮĿĹı顣ڰУһҡһεġǹ졣
ӣ
ڤǵԣҲһȻ
ҪԼıͻȻӣ˵ʵڣֻ棬ʵ̫ȫţֻ´ӽ󣬶ûٳȥˡǲǴǸû
̻Ҳ˱仯һë·ܵʲô̼ʼĿʼ
η壬ĸ質š
źۣѽѽҲߡ
Ķô󣬺ȺҲɵ
һôı顣
УħѾڲϷá
䣬Ϣı䣬ͬһϲ졣
̻ʡ
пҲһ鴤ȴ̲ס̾ɵƯ
һȮ
ĲĿúһɫࡣ
ħȻˣǴľǾ档ͷֱڴǵѾǺ޵ߵˡ𾪵ģ̻ʾȻĶǾӰ졣
ϸ˼ˡ
쵰
ħѾԼϵı仯ͷһתҪĵѪ
裬ǳ谡
Ҫ
βǾ־ԭ벻Ŷ
̻ȴ˿Ϊ⣬ɳĺ֮Уĸ質ͷβͣʳĹޡ
ȥħ¡ڶ¡䣡
ħһתʱͿһħУǶһ޷֮


2147 Žٽ
仯£ѾԵĸı䣬ؼ䣬޴ڣˡħ¸£ֱӽ֮עУܸܵȾ˲䱩ʮֹͬʱǣߵһʱ䣬вӿֲֳͬͻˣʮˣͻˡ
ĺòҰ
ħͷȻҪݻڵҾĲǡ
յ͸оĵȫܿƣʱϸֳŭ֮ɫйЦб˿ġµǣὫе֮ΪħУڱ˲佫иƬͬʬһ㡣֮ǿ赲Ǿ
֮
Ҫ̻ʵĸǰ棬ħ˲¾ųɣֻ£ֻһ£ô׾ڰգ˲أʥ˼ǿߣǼ򵥵һιɻԵƻ
ʥ˼ƻ
̻ʵĹҲħԤ֮⡣ȫ޷̻ʲܹסħ£ܶӰ졣˵ģ٣Ƥˡ
򵥣׽ͥѾв裬һڳɱɹǴ׾ͥʱ򣬸ԶԸǱҪˡ
Ѫһϵ˵
ֻҪǲ׽ͥھǳֵʱڣǾҵôõĻᡣ
䣬һۿຣ
ɹ޾˭֪ʲôʱɱ䡣ֻ̣²̫ʱ򣬾ıˡ
ãȻˣǾͳ֣ɱС
΢ϡ
ֻҪɱУǵĿľѾﵽ
ǴҪġ
ħѾȥˣôԹۡ
һʱͻȻ䡣ֻս˾˵ıʡ
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УܿĿλεս֮С
ֱܸܵػˮϢȻǵؽٽٽˮٽٽ
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ھȻٴ
ǾŽٽͬʱڤ汾ܵĸоһǿҵΣУָо൱ġ
ۿɽоУŽٽ󣬾ԲɽѷɫǸӿ£һմȾΣա
ãʵ̫ˣ޲T֣ǣסħҪܵѹȻɹĻᣬ󡣡
𾪵ͬʱҲּɣ޲Tħħħ֮֮䣬һȻһսң֮ս

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ɽǳ޲T֣֮˭СƾŽٽ
ĿսǽӦɽͬժȡĿսſԴƽڣħѾ뽣һΣң죬һһԪħ޲TĽٽ볾ȻһԪѾţһԪӲҪĴڡ
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׷׵ͷʾͬ
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2148 ʥҵλ
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ѾһѹˣֱѹתǬһ֮൱İԵ¡
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ĴףνǳΪעĽڣ֪ĿעšУʥ˼ǿߣ磬˿̾һԹۿ
ڵԪʼ¶һĨɻ޲Tʱʵ̫ˣԲ׵˼档ɲһյʡ͵ĵơ
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У·ܿһ˿ޱȵڴ˷ܡ
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ȻлһʱϿգһε־֣֮һž޴ƾո֣ϣȻܿһЩסأ£ûκ˿ΥǴ׵־죬Ǵ׵졣
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¼䣬ʥǺȻɢһɶһ⣬ӳи֣ͨءڴڵɳУ𶯣һͨ׷ۣɳУء


2149 նҵɽ
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Ȼ䣬Ϳһ޴ͼڴ׽Ͽո֣⸱ͼ·ʼվʹڴ׾ڣ룬Ȼܿͼڿٴ۳ʵʡ
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ãããҸоڷˮУĻָٶȣһӱʮָֹٶȣ·Ԫֱӹעڡʩչͨսֱ̫ˬˡ
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ңȻܿˮĿ֮۵׽ŻۣɽǶУɽ𢣬һ
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УһðǿߣǶǸ塣󶥼ǿߣκһλ˿û֤Ĵͨš
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һ𣬽ɢƣһӣǵأӲžϯȥϣٲȻ˿·磬ģ޲Ǳű̬ŲɹʵľĶ־£ʥ˵ǰҲһնȥĽ
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һŶڤѪ
ŽνڤһɣںѪɱΪһ壬̺µɱ̺֮һֲֿĶҵ
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2150 Ѫ
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ϵķģڲϵİ֮任ϡ
߽ܿ棬ѾﵽһְȻľءԪϣǸֳһſµҵѪײһ

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ĴѹƱ𣬾ƾ㣬˵ҡ
ѪˣȻڤնϣѾܴ衣Ƥ
ĽͨʩչΡֻƾЩɱҡ
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ڤѪֵ˲䣬֮ʼѡĿѪڤ潣ˣһ£״̼˵࣬ɱһǾܹõһĺ£һΣὫ
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УսһʼͽȻ֮С
ʼվڼ̨ϣຣຣƺѾʼ˱仯


2151 צ
ڣһɹԽԽŨԼ䣬зһʼʹ࣬ԽԽ߿·һĪ˷ܡһεѹϴݶ·ڣһ˿˿Ϲ͸
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ȻһĻҲУǾڤǡǲսͬҲڹעŴ׵ĽչУ޷뿪̨ģΨеȵ󣬲ܳͷųֽţʩչǿսʱ򣬸Ϊ֮ͥݣսʸԾսֵ
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ааһֱЩܣеаǧɡâһȻΪһʮֹŹֵаܴӹϣܵȻа
ؼޱаΪа
а³һ¼䣬ǰһɫȻ֣ܱУһ˵սľĸɫ岻ϳ֣ؼ֮ɢаԡ
ؼ䣬һаͷ
գۼ䣬ͿŸ˸ɫսƾ۶ÿһˮ㣬Ө͸ȴôʥ࣬һа
ϴͨа
רΪа鹭һŴͨΪľܹа鹭ӳƻһаУ֤ᱻһɱǶԪ˺ǲҲҪаһӶ޷ѣֺûҪƷһ¡
µǣ·׷ٰһĿ꣬ǲֹͣģ;˽ضϣҪȻǾԲ;ֹͣġ
а鹭¡׼ڵλãһܿŸͬʱڹϣȻ׼һż
ಣ
аԶڹ֮ż衣һżڶĹ֣һּߵѶȣϾսֻҪȥͿԣҪ֤Ŀ꣬ԼļȶĿ꣬ҪȻһжǰ׷á
ܿŸŵ⣬ֱӻգϯ
ŵսͲͨսܿսڲϱ任ŷλңϺ£·Լ־һ㣬иԵս
ˮΪܣ
ջܣ
֮ì
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Ŀú˿ûƶŲ˼Ŀȴû˿ӡʩչԼĵ۵ͨԡڴ׾ڣԵν˲
Ե㡣
ǣе죬˳֮ƿء
ǿ󵽣ֱʹطĵزһһУܾĪΰ
ܿһ;޴ֱӵЩսǰУ֣ٻΪһڿսìȥ磬·һ㣬ڿԾÿһ磬ܸܵµƻԼǿ
飡
ˮ۶ɵĶƣȾײһȻһײͿƣ׾ͱ飬ڼ̺̫ԵԽնʱŸĴʵһתãӶƾմȥһ谭ûУ֮ì棬Ҳͬڿһ
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գۼ䣬Ѿǰ
ֻأ
΢΢üٴӦйâһȻܿһ޴̳ǰǺȻֻ̡һ֣һ޷ݵֻ֮ؼ䡣
ֻأ֮飬ֻ֮СһеԴһеսᡣ
ֻһ֮ؼ䣬УڵĶڲתݳױȵֻ֮Ҳǿаǰֲֻ֮Ѿſȫڡ

ֻأ
ڱֵֻ֮˲䣬ŸϣͻȻֳһףֵŭȻֻ֮űܵĿ־壬ƴҪȴֻ֣£Щãգۼ䣬ͱɽȥ
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аĿúҲɵ¶֮ɫ
Ҫֻ̡֪
ֻУһ鱦ֻ̣ȫʸУпٳһֻ֮ض棬ʮֵϲνֻڣزֻصתȻԽԽáأдô
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õǾʵֵĿԡ
ֻ棬ֻҪһ룬ܴ޾ջ
ֱǲɿܵġ
ȡ
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һɲǼ䣬ͷԺзӿ֡

ʱܿڣٴη仯ͷĳ֣һ粻ϴͺһ޴˳
쿴ˡ
ˡצǰצ
ɹˣͥ飬צǿܸоϴݳѹλϵѹơ
ʿѾһ嫵ӳв˳ֳܿצѾﵽצǰצУҲϵĴڣ֮ģָ
Űצ״ӳ󣬺ȻܿյĿຣ֮ʧ·ûгֹһ䱾һĪ⡣
ǧɰצ
пգȻͿצѾƳϿֻǣԭһٶɵӴһ̣ȻֻʣһǧɵĴСĲ࣬ģֱ˷ָﵽһ˸еʹĵزģһ̣ĸоʹ
Ȼһﵽͥ󣬻˵Ѷȣ֮ʥͥʱ֪Ҫ϶ٱǧɰצͥͥҪľǧɶԣֱ⡣ѹ֣ѹͥЩУ֮ͥλһ㶯ûУûа취۵Ӵˡ
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2152 ʥ
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һԪ޷£ܶǿģֻһЩԴҵȵȵջ
ȴ˼ӳ֣ںܶ˵ʮǿġ
׼䣬
£Ȼ˸ʱ
ͥǼ̳ͥУ൱ĻҲӣֲͬ˼֯һɳֵĻҸӣײͬһͥ£ȫһģ˦ͥʮ֣Ϊ˹ͬĿ꣬һܶŬս޷ġ
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˳֮һȣȣ˵Ļۣϵģֻ࣬ҪչãƣǺѱĥġ޷׷ϵģɣѾһϣңңˡ
жڽͥҲоһ
Ҫʵ̫Ӵˡ
Ҫ֪һΣҪĲǽɫˣɫˣˣһٷݽɫˣҲֻ۳һɫˣһתڻδ֪֮һ㣬ͥ˵ٶȣʵǿ첻ͣٳʱ䣬һӴͥпܵġ
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ΣһΣҴףѾͥˡ
һаһĨϲ
ȺĿú󣬶Ƿ׷ײ¶ϲ֮ɫ׽Щسļȵߡܲˣܲ˷ܡ
׽ͥˡ
УͫܺãֻһҴؾԲͥǲ󼰡ֻͥ
Բ£ܽͥǴؾһܡ
ңⲢǻ£дǰ棬ҲܹףͥʱʲôĽѣ׼ɹļʿԱø
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ͷ߽Դ׵ľٴ룬ҪԵĸı䡣
Σͻжĺô
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ڤ죬ҡ
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ڤܲɱʱͻȻӿֳڤŵڤϣȻֳ꣬Щ귢ĺУڤ۳ɫ֡У
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ϸֳ֣顣
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ʥʥˣ
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ôⲻġҲʥǼٵģǻƭҵġ
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ɫһƬ䣬ֱӳգʥʥ
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Ϊ𣡣
ԲΪģǳ󡣡
ʥڣһһľŮϵĳ޷׷ױȼĿĻ棬ĳȫ޷ġ
ˢˢˢ
ֻʥڣһǳ֮һͨƿն䣬ڹУһʥ׷ǳ֮УͬһööѤ貵ǳշǳָڴ£ﵽߵƷס
ٶöǳջۣһĹ켣һȻ䣬Ϊǳ⣬һǹ֮С
Ϊǳ֮
ǳУһϺȡ
̫ܻ¹
¶Ȼһȡ
¼䣬ͷӡȻų貵»»ۣһѩ׵սȻ֡սϣ»˸ֳһơ˲Ϣ䣬һ֮ԴԴϵսСս·¹֮ڡܱߣǳӿǳ֮¹У¹ӵѤ財
¹շֱӳڲУ֮£ʥ˫ͬһϵŮ
ǣܻǳ


2153 Ů
ͷϣ˸һöӡǣһ˿˿ǳ˸ǳת֯䣬ʱͿһö˸ǳâ·һööϸСǳСһγɵսƾճڰСǳϣܸܵԺǳΰĸо̺ǿǳ֮һ֮£ɱһУء
ˣǳ۵ɲǣŮǳͬʱһǳ֮⣬ǳУüеǳԽӵϸȥսǳٶöõǳļӳ֡
Ůеǳָгǳ֮£ÿһö鱦ĲΣƷ鱦ٶöһ𣬱ԴͬǳǳָŮҪ֪ŮʵûһߡʥУһֻɿֲޡ
ǳȫӳڲ¹ǳϡ
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Щ׹ãֱӻΪһ޴ǰ׹죬棬鲼飬Ϊһ仨꣬ڤڡ
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ǵĿ⣬Ҳɴһ˿ŭ
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һڽɫĹӺȻڤͷ£һ˵ĺڹӸʱն·һӳ𣬾޴Ľɫϯս󲿷ֱӽڤڡ
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2154 ɳɱ
ֵģȻСո˵ʵڣУҲһľǲ䡣
ڤʩչģһֽ޽ͨͬһ㣬۳ֵ֣Ȼҡڤᦣֱ飬ζţ˸һһֽĿͨ䡣޷ֵǲܣûеסڤᦱ˵Ǽġ
Ǿڤᦵһǿͨڤ䣡
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ش͸ԴĶͣĴ֮컯컯֮ƳǽҪıԴʡ
ףǽ컯ԴĶͣĴףûʸԴ׽жͣ컯ֻдܸ衣
ƳҪبš
بżȼƽƽڻ¡
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ˢ
ţһ£һɫ⡣⣬Ȼµ컯


2155 ³
µʱ䣬ǲȺģסʥǣ棬ֱ治Ǽ£ܿģֻǺյĽƳǸڡʥҪˣͥһͳɽɳǵв衣
ش͸˳֮Ͽɣ컯ƺЩԣУΪʲôоһַеľηԲ˼ΰһ㡣ƺ̺һЩȻͬĶȴ޷̽֡
ҸоһԪһ㡣Ϣ
ڰУ˵Ŀãеϲ𺳵ͬʱҲУоһ˿ֵϢʮϤϸ̽ʱȴʲôоһ㣬˸о֡ߴڡͲһ˿ߡ
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Ѿܹ˾ӡ
ڴţɱ󣬽ͳͳѹ
Կޱߵ컯֮֮ԴԴϵƳڡƳۿɼٶ˲͡չ컯Ĺע£һָԵɱ䡣
Բɳɱ䡣
Ŀúеľŭ֪
ɱḶ́ʵ̫ˡ
쵽˸赲
ͨ쳹׵⣬컯֮£֮ȷɱ䣬º컯Դ֮֮ڵϵ¯Ҳڸɱ䣬ߣɳǺĵĺġ
ࡣ
ڿɱ䣬ܿԸĳ壬ۿɼٶɱ䣬øǿӼ̣ӳȡ֮ǰʮϰٱǧֹڣ컯֮Ĵ߶£ճĵۡʮФƱ鲼ɳÿһ򡣶Уÿһ붼ԸȼգΪϣ뵽ɳС
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Ը飬ȫһɽһɽıġ棬˿̣ȴǲֵǮһ㣬컯⣬ɳ֮С
Ϊ壬ΪеĽΪܵϡ
ңܹоʮФҲڷɱ䣬֮ǰǿ󣬸ӾˡͬѾɱУٳɳһ׳šФڵڷٳɳܱߵرԴҪǮһƳС
ͬʱɳ̺Ҳڲϼǿɱ䡣
ԣ޼䣬ʣӦͽʧء̺˲ǿʮֹУɳǱøءԼ䣬Լ
һԣǱȻֵġ
ףôڡ
˿̣Ԫǲɱа𷢳һȡȻ䣬аǧɡΪһ޳ĳޣһ֮£һ޳ĵɳȥһı޺ۡһ۾ܿܵ˱̢
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ܿԼ˵ȴһצƵڶഥԴǸƬĽ״ž͵Ľצһĳӷ׷ֵ壬ճҺ޴ɫؼ䡣һĪад

ʲôҵͷ
ҪҪǶֻҪͻܵĪϮȾꡣ
ֻһɲǼ䣬֮УշĲҽУодݵľʹڣ·ʼܵȾҪǣܵȾͬʱ̫ӡӿֳһ̫֮ԿĻֻ£ܶ˶˲䷢䡣ڣ֮У˾̫ӡ̫ӡǡ
̫֮ɢȾ̫֮ϴꡣ
߲棬ֱôװܵĿº
аһа񡣡
ԣħħѪħҹеĶսĿ´ڡаҹǱĴħ
аħɱɱ
Ҳһ̣׾׷׿а
Ϣһħ
аȻʱóħݣѾԶ׼ġھеҹħ
ӾħΣ³ɱ
а𷢳һЦΪһ⣬ħһȻ󣬾ȻȻںһħѪ͵ħǿ츳ͨΪҪս֮ǿƻ֮ǿ޷ġ
ħ³
а񣬲״
ֱߣһ־ᶨ˲ͻܵа֮Ⱦ䡣ɿµĺΪаū͡еͨޱаֲɲתȾ
һƷ״ﵽ༶Ŀֲħ
༶ħ£ѹһлԪʥǿߡһʮǳ̬רΪսսɱ³ħֲһ֡һԪ֪Ϊҹռ硣ǿߡ
а³ںϣԲһһڶԶڶ
վ㱩¶Σױб
ааſŭӿ³з
ţͿ㴥ְĴ룬ۿɼٶȷգۼ䣬һɳĴؼ䣬ϣ״̵ͣȵȣġ޴Ĵ룬ƾճںʲǰͬޱް㣬ڲϡ
飡
һµĺУͿͬһըѡһѪһ룬ӰԶٴۡ
Ȼûȥֶαܿ١
һȴлɱĿ
аûᲨǲǻŵ飬²һֱӳƳǴ󲽿˹ȥϣͻȻֳֻаۣЩаУͬʱһ⡣ܼ꣬һһͬµ䣬Ƴǡ
飡
ÿһͬʥȫһ޴ĺֻǣ˿̣Ƴ컯£ȱ컯赲һԼ䣬ܸܵУ컯ⶼ˳һ˿ġ
컯⣬컯֮
ڴƳǽһĵ£ȻԽɼӰ죬޷ﵽյĽĿģýжϣһ֣аҪġ
ãаҪƳǽɱ䡣
Ŀúɫ࣬һƬ䣬컯⣬ÿһ˿ǶĪʧ


2156 廷
аľٶ̫ġȻƳǽõ߹ͬ͸У˴ϣȻܵķɣܵ񣬴ǧų⣬ܵε䡣
аôΪĸҹ磬ҹеĴħͬûпɽġԨħĸ˵ھԿ֮СصսС
ңֻҪܹԴ׽Ӱ죬ܵɣҲֵõġ⽫Ϊҹȥһ޴
ΪЩðҲϧ
ڸոյһιʱаҲ൱ģϾĴڣҪһܽĨɱġ
Կ϶һǱԨħĸסڳ֣ߣǳ֣ҲᱻԷʩΪ
һ㣬ͬҲ뵽ˣһʱڣҹ֮սûнһֱڼ
ʮФػʮФӭսа³
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Щ꣬ʮФսʿǿɲǰװ׺ķʱģЩУֱռϷФÿһںԴԴԴϣɱлûе飬ټФս׶Фػļӳ֣еÿһʣνһ͵콾ڡ
ʮķ֮Ѿһ˵
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Ǵ£ؽá
Ф
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ȫµڵķΧӾ޴˵֮ǰƳǿ˿ھסڵƳǣ֮ǰʮǼٱǧֹĿռøӵĿ㣬ټֶΣɵ˿ڣ԰ٱǧı
ʼˣƳڿʼɱˣɳţӦþǵ廷ˣֿɸ˿ڣл붨ɳǡ
УɳеİգĿƳǷŵĻ棬ĿհֳȵĹâ
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Ѿ廷ˡ
пҲǰԵͷǵ廷ЩС¶ѣűȻֵĽֵ⡣
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ʱֻһĸƮ
пһڷи߿質̻ʣһ鴤һֱûκϵʱ
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ҡҡͷûᡣ۲Ƴǵı仯
Ƴǵɱ仹ڼֻǸոտʼ
ΪƳǵĺ֮һĹҲڵһʱ俪ʼɱ䡣Ӵ컯֮˳Źĸӵĳ֮С֮Ϊһ塣·ľһ㣬ᴩķĸԴԴչŵ쵽
Ըһ̣뵽ƳУΪһ֡㣬ÿ䣬öԸʧ컯£ɱɳ塣
һ㵥Ԫɱ
컯֮£ǡа֮뱦ñʼɱ䡣
Կٴη룬תۼ䣬һȫµг֣صķ֯Ϊһȫµƽ硣
Ѿӵʮƽ磬˿ڽɳʱٴοʼ
һ㣡
㣡
㣡

գۼ䣬ʮ㡣
ƽ˲䱩ǣùϵƽһӴﵽʮŲľ֡
ͬʱԭȵƽ磬ΧҲڷţ·һ޴磬ƽڵĺĵԪ׷֮Ĺע£Ʒ׷ϢٲȻǳĲνɱ䡣
ƣֱǲ˼顣
Ƴǳبżɱ䡣
ڵĸֵԪȻɱ䣬ף鱦Щ㵥ԪѾƽΪһ壬ɷָɱҲ޷ɱʤȴԴ׵ĵ̽һ׳
һΣΪɳǵĽµ컯֮ʵ̫ӴˣҲ˵ԴµĶͣȫԲ༶بżĴ͸̺ǳ޷ģصʣԴԴϵ£̺ʵƳǡ
Ҫǣ׻۵޷ӴԸ顣


2157 ۴ħ
Ը飬ؼصһԸ֮£оֲֳ˼ĶܣԸܡ
Ըתκʡ
ؼģġ
˵Ըɱ塣
Ҫû㹻ԸڣƳҲеبżɱ䡣ڣľģԸ飬ԴԴϵע֮СǴϰĻۡҸǴ󲿷Ӵʱ䣬Ѿġ뵽
ɢ¯Ѿķ
Ǻܶ˳У֪ڴ׷еңɲò죬ܶʱѾ˳ϵ֮ϣΪһ֣ʿ˳ϿɵĻңںֵϣʼʶΪλ㡣ͨң֮һԴ졣
֮ģ졣
֪ǶôӴ
ʹպ󣬻۶ԸȫҡǮϣڣҡǮȫǸһÿʱÿ̶ڵԸ顣ȡ֮֮ߡ
Ҫ˵꣬ǧ꣬Ҳûа취۳㹻بżӴԸԴ
ﵽʮŲ㣬ȱʮ㣬ٴοٳȫµʮƽ磬ܶʮ㵥ԪȻ༶بżһɱ䡣
аԳһϲܸ״ĺô޷ġ
̫ˣʮƽ磬ŵʵȫʸƽнפء
¼׵ĺܶţ׷¶ڴ֮ɫƽԪŨԪȫʥءһţҪӵפء
ƽԽ࣬ԴԽࡣǽ׺֮صĻᡣ
ͬʱܿ뵽ɳеʮФͬʱֳų⣬ɳѾΪһ壬ɳǽɱ䣬Ҳڸɱ䣬컯֮ע£һڷٵĳɳ׳ФϵķԽԽ࣬øǿǰʮФսףҲڿɱ䣬һս
£˿ФսײФУ˳ڤڤеϵФսײɱ䡣޾컯֮սС
ÿһս׵Ϣøǿ󡣱ǼƷ鱦Լڳɱ䡣
䣡
ʮФػϵսףȻ䱬貵⣬εѹս׷Եɱ䡣Фսףףﵽ
ڽ˲䣬ФսʿĸоФս׸Լļӳ֣ѾﵽһȫµĲΣһΣФսʿ֤ʵǸоֻҪԸ⣬ÿһܷӳԪսֻǣս̫󣬲ܳ־ãʣսһ⡣
ǱǿͬʱФҲŷ仯ֻǼѵĸа𿹺⣬ʱбĿܣڣһӣ󷨿ռǿȴ
ռ˲ͷת
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ߣܲסңҲɽΪΨһĶôʵ̫ˡ
а𷢳һЦԴ𹥻
ƳУ֮ܿڷԪԪΪ֮ע壬ɳǡɳǳɱıԵƽǴ¯ϵŻΪ嫳ӰԸ飬ԴԴϣΪԸУ컯⣬⣬ǻΪϣɳɱ
ܸ̺ܵĲϢԽԽŨʣÿһ֮СճĵۣǱ鲼ɳǡԼ䣬һָӹϵĵڳݱ䡣
بŵϢ
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ʱֻһ޴ĥ̳ؼ䣬ĥУݳһĥһеĿֲϡǺȻıḥ̂
ĥһΪ죬һΪء
תĥһС
ϯת䣬ض·ڸתֲƻһιٴα컯赲Ȼ赲ٴ컯֮ġ
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Ŀ䣬ֻУѾüΪɭ䡣ռһŤȻ䣬һ޴ħؼ䡣ܿǺȻһ޴ħ
³ͬħ͵ħ;޴󣬸ߴɣͨ˸ɫ⣬ֳĹ󡣸һĪ𺳡
𺳵ǣħò˵ģϣȴֱֻۣУŸָʲô͵ĶУϣӵĿͷ­ν۴ħ񡣲ǰңϱǺǵ֮ڡɢϢУвϢ
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ͫһ¶һĨ֮ɫУȻħһ𣬶ǲǻĴħΪֹ˭֪ûгױ¶ǰѿ̽
ͻȻ¶ݣʣ׼аûɵĿ꣬ҪƳɱ䣬ܵ컯֮֮Դϴ׽
ΪˣҹԲϧһдۡ
վҪҹ˳Բڣգñսһ󡣡
Ц˵
Ȼֱӳ۴ħڣħȻΪһ塣ɢȻ䱩ǡ
ಣ
ŵĸÿһѷɫ鱦ɢӵ£·ʱᱬԵĹ鱦ħȫܹܵҹĵ̵жǿж£ǿֲ£Ѿװݡ
սìгսо޴гǹȵȣַ۴ħУȻ䷢貵⣬һ룬һּΪľٶˡ
һǰ
ֻǣȴûкƳǣǳŴ׽ڣһɳ׹ȥ
ЩÿһлԪʥȫһĿƻĳ̶ֳϣʥ˻Ҫǿ
ҪԴ׸ɳ֣Ӹϴݻٴף׵ĸ׵ɳǣĨɱ׵İա
һٶ̫ͻ̫⡣
ǸɳǱʹԴԴϵĴսɱУӦȵʱѾЩѾɳ⡣
飡
һµĹʵʵڴɳϡ
ƽ磬ɳǡ
һɳ֮Ŀú󣬼Ǹεѣ߾ٳӡŭ
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ɳڣգʿڵһʱ䣬תԶԶϵĹעɳ֮У뵽ƽڡÿһ˶ܸܵЩ̺Ϣвһ̣ƴͻ


2158 ڤӵĵ
ɳǣƽأƾ輳ȡԪǿǿȣڳУκΰʿֻҪ壬ͿֱӽһΪԴԴϵĹעȥӳڽϣǿ֮УУÿһΪߡẦ£ֻƴȡ
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ÿһɳУٶգʿڴ˿̵սϣǿ󣬿ʿһ𣬵ͿƽɢĹâһӱֹ
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ƽҲڽϵĹâۿɼٶȲϰһҼ·һ룬ͻ᳹𣬵ƽ磬ǳԤ֮ļǿ
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ڽɽͼļӳ£ÿһɳǵķʮٱı⣬ٴαµҽһ
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ڣƽ粢ûʼռ͡
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ֻǣһܿľѾǽĶɳǷҵĹɳľƣӵվ˿־塣
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ҪȻ۽ķ˴һ˼ĲΡ
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༶ۣ˿Ȳ༶ħѷɫߣ˵ͷսϵԩҡһȻǲҵɱǲɵ͵
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ڤ滯Ϊһ⣬ֱӴѪսһ룬ѾѪϣѪţ۵ۣ֡ʮֽҡʹãΪǿơ֮Ըҷ֮ս׼ĵƣȻֶͨΡֻۣܴﵽ
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ҪȾеħ¶βͣҳĿ꣬ܳû𹥻ɱﵵĹؼá
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¼䣬µۺų貵Ѫɫ⣬һѪɫ׺ĳ۴ħײȥͨ嶼ݳһϢ·κεǰײķ顣
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£һʱͿֱͬʱ趯һѪۡ·Ҫһӳ׽ûǵƬ
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һУ۴ħѪŽʵʵײһ𡣿ֲϯķನܷ׷˱ܣҽսġһȥǲǴܣڴսбꡣħս
һ죬һа죬ǾȻΪҹ֮ħ裬ĳ衣
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ԣѪ޲ֱӳȥ𾾳ݺݵıһ١

ãʱڤֵƾۣȫƳǣɱ䡣
ĿúҲһڿǣӦ˵Ҫҿơڤǰ棬Ȼٺò
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ûãһƳдݶ
ɳǶ緢޾⣬һʥ࣬بųĸоһƮȻ⣬غ쳾Ķϡ
Ƴǣɳǡ
Ƴǣبżبżɳǣبżبżۡ
ÿ죬ôô죬Ƴǵĵôǿôʹˡǿĵ̡
ɳǣѾɾɳˣĽͥˣɳǳͥѾֿͥɵá˼飬ǽ쾹Ȼļ֤һͥٴε
ܰգǿĿãһж¶֮ɫƳǴٶʵ̫ˡ·ˮɡѾҹħֵĻᡣ
ͬʱһεѹɳ糱ˮ˷ɢݳȥɢȥһ˲䣬ѹƽˮ˸κ顣
Ƴǽبż
еĸ챦׷׿ʼɱ䡣
ʺţħӪؾܴӡѧ޵ȵȣڷɱ䡣ŵƽҲɱ䣬׷׵õɳǵķֱԱԴעȥ벻ѡ׷׷Եɱ䡣ÿһƽ磬ø졣
Щڵı仯֪֪˭õɳǽнͬʱɱ䡣
һ˵õȮ졣
ɳǣؼ䣬ϣһ΢ĩУԴկʼһɳǡ
עһ̣ؼ䣬ţӡʷ֮С
ˣɳǵѾˡ
ʱҲһ˷ܵ˵


2159 
ʲôкѯʵ
ǻ磡
ͬһ˿𾪵˵
磿
һæƳڣϸ̽ȥУ壬ûκα仯ֻǸɳǽɱ䣬ûʲô쳣
ΨΨֻй仯
ɳ֮УɳΪһ壬֧ŴɹڣѾǺʵǱ֪ͨǿٱƽ磬ĽԪڳ֮УܸܵѾɱ䡣
ڱ֮УϢһֻϡ빬Уĳصĸɱ䡣Ǹ룬ֱͨһգ·ֱޱ߻֮ڣԻмȡϣ»֮ȡޱԸ֦ҶϣȻĹճɫĵơ
϶ءÿһƬҶ·㣬죬ת
һӣıԴ
빬֮ڣ񣬹ɳ֮Ϊ籦Ҳɳ֮Ϊһƽһе𺳣˵Ӵ֮󣬹ɱ䣬ȡ޾գ֮ɳҶУһС硣˵ǽӵһ
Ҳ̲סһĳȡ
ǿǴ˵еĴڡ
˵ڻ֮Сȡ֮ɳߣɼ󣬲ɹ;пռԣҲܵƽ磬һ
ڣõԣ͸һֱɱ
ʵһͳƣ磬ǿ磬֧Գ֮Ϊ
ЩΪص֧֧תΪ
Щħν
ǰģһʸ֮Ϊ
һƬҶܵһ硣ϵҶֹǧǧȫ磬ǻǶô˵顣ʱҴףױȵĵ̡֮֮
һƬȡ
һԣֱǸľϲϢҪǴݳȥֻ£֪ٴܵĿ̽ڣڿأɢ¶⡣
ÿһƬҶһ磬һʼֻǶռ䣬ȻСǧ硣ϽҪģǹƽ磬Щƽ磬иǿǱܹͳ硣ȡ֮˵Щƽ磬ǿģǱڣû㹻Ļ֮ЩҶɴתɱĹ̡Ҫռ䡣ҪӴϡ
һ˷ܵ˵
ʵ򣬴Ѿռıô
£Ҷһ磬ܳһƬҶҶǲܶģҪʱȥ۵ģ;תɱģҶʹڣֻһת̣Ȼ࣬ҪԴ޷ġ
ʱԺȻջ
֮ʹ˳ɾ͡زٳΪҴ׵
аԳ
ش͸࣬Ƴǽɳǣͥ
еһϺȡ
һ̣׽УܿؼˣѾʼֳɫܸܵһЩһɳǵλãɢľǵɫĵˣԴԴϵĻ۶ڡ

צʮ˷ܵķ
˷ԴԴϵˣҲڵһʱ䣬ˮ͵Աǣۿɼٶӣӵٶȣȫһɣɵӡ̣Ҳ첻ȥﵽͥҪͱøӵѣͥĵһˣҲֻðצﵽǧɴС
ͥװ
󣬰צȦû빦֮Сʼˡ
ʣνѾýȻͬǸԵɱ䡣
ͥ
ͥǴͥ
ʥڿΪɻʡ
Уڵֵһɱȴڸǲסеϲ˷ܡ
֮ͥ£˶
һ˵õȮ졣
ڵȴûбЩӰ졣
ûãǱ߾¶һĨ΢Ц
ˡ
ڵȵģɳǵķҪνͻƣ֮ٴ֤
ˢ
ڴʱɳУһɺ嫵ΰ糱ˮӿڣſһ磬һӴ˹עڡ
ɳͥ˷
һ˲䣬Ѿױ޾ڡ
Ӵ컯⽫һ컯컯ҽ֤֤ء
ڵһ̣ȻۣͿԽֻ֤Щ꣬һֱѹƾ磬ǿ̡ȵľһ̣һ̣ܹ赲赲Ҳƴ໤˭ʲô⡣Ǻܶ˸Ҫ֤ҲòԹۡ
ı
²룬ҲҪܡ
˳֮ʱ֮Ȼ䣬ȴݳһεĲ׽ɢȥ
־ڣܿϸУۼ̳ϣһԪ̤ϣͬ۰㣬޽ٶɶƳͷ棬һ
գ֤֮ա
һܵڰĵϡۼ̳УûκγɣѶ·
ۼ̳
һ£ϸУۼֱ̳֮ӳУ̳ܿɢɫأ̳ڣ·ӵһƬĿռ䣬һ׳ɫȻڣ֧̳ڲռ䣬ϣܿ̾ᣬ۰УԦ
̨ͼ̳´׳ĵ
У̳ǲ뿪ڣ˵̳һػȫڼ̳֮ڣ¶һü̳ԼĴ¶⣬ͻᱻϤؼķ֮Ϊ̺ʿӡ
ضԣǾࡣ
Ȼֽ٣Դһ֧Ųסͻ᳹ױ飬Ȼ֤֮ܣ֧ŵסǾܵõϿɣ֮ӡգӳ졣
һ̣˵Ѳѣ˵򵥲򵥡һ仰Ҫǧϴ
סͳ㣬סøȥ
ǧĿ顣
ԣû׼֮ǰԲܽ¶ڼ̳֮⡣
ڣܿڼ̳еĴһӷſֱɢ
һϣѹĵ⡣
·һۣڸӲط
۵
һ׵׵ϵ۵
¡¡
УĽ糱ˮ㸡֡


2160 һ֤ ӳ
£ʿ飬̲סɪɪؼĸַ򣬶һ̣ƾճ֣ܿգΪһƬ嫵ĺǷ֮֮ںУʮɫòϣ·Уؼһзϡֱ
ۼ̳ƪ֮ǰͷ·еһƴ㣬ʱпܻᱻӿơ
֤ҪģȻǷϫ
طϫ̺ǧǧϯԴݻһСܶʿڵ̨УǴﵽ۷壬ҲԷϫ֪Լĵ̣ļ̳޷ܷϫĳ̳飬ĵᱻݻ١
ϫ֤˿Աһνѡ
ͨķϫѾ൱ǿ󣬸ӲҪ˵ķϫ
ֳϫȫǻԵġ
¡¡
ϫһɣʱûκγɣۼ̳͵ϯ·һµĻޣʿĿ£̲סеһʱķ֮ȫ޷ֻǿһۣܸܵ򶼱ÿ񱩣ԣ֯һ𣬸ǿֲ
֤ɻ׼֤ˡ
Ȼɻʵĵ̻ۣյ˵ӦòƵ֤żǰҪ֤Ҳֻһ֮飬һֱȵڣΪ˵ȴ˳ʱķԸԴԴϵ֧֡
У֮ǰһ컯֤֤Ĺ˭֪֪ɻʵֵֽܲܵ٣֤ءΪ֤ǿߡ֤ؼĴܼǿߡһ֤ɵ춨Ļҵ
һɻ֤ⳡսؽԵĸı䣬Ǵ׾ڣ׽ֻ֤ͥ󣬾ͽȫǱ˿ԿƥС
˫۾Ŵ˿̵С
ڵȴ֤Ľ
Ҫе׻εֵϫ
ϫϯۼ̳ʼû˿ų۰ѹơ̩ɽǰ治ɫֻȵ취ϫѾǰʱŷһ
˱ܣϫɢ
ۼ̳Уڣһ֣ÿһ֣˸Ž⣬գɢϣ·в˼ΰһֲݿܣϡǷ£ҲҪӣӣǾȥ
ǿ־ǲΥġ
۵ͨԣ
һֱͨӵܿۼ̳ϣŲ̳ȫɢ貵⣬һ˸ܼޱȣ֮ͨ󣬲ھű
Ǽ̳ǿãڷͨž˵
ͳؼ̳Ҳζţж١
ű½ԣ̺־޿赲
һ£ʱͿӿȵķϫȻһֹͣˣȻ̺ڳϫеķ򣬷׷׷·𿴵˾ĳһ˱䡣ϯĳϫΪ꣬ؼȥѤʡ

գۼ䣬ӿķϫɢ
ʲô⻹Ƿϫ𡣡
ûи˵пԻǿߣ֤֮·ķϫȻһ֮¾ɢʲôڿЦҼ𡣡
ֲֲ˹ǵ۵ͨôһԿΪطһΪϹ档ȻϫһֹǶô˼ΰ֤ɡ
۵ɻʹȻ۳ǵ۵ߵǵ۵Ͳ֪۵ʲôĵ۵
ʿԵһոһУ˵ǿҵ𺳣иƽ۵ؼ˵һ֤֤ǧÿ˵ĵвͬġ
磬˳֮˳֮һ֤ȻߵĶǵ۵۵Ҳвͬ磬֮׵֮һ𣬾֤ͬΪ۵ߣԵеĿԡ֤ۣһ֤۵ˣһǰһײʱ򣬲Ҫܷϫϴ񣬻Ҫǰһλҵλߵѹǲݵĵ
֮֮
л³һ
ڷϫɢͬʱԸоطǧѾϿ
ˢ
Уһͨ쳹ص֮£ۼֱ̳ڡУܿۼ̳շֱ˳⣬գһӣ֮ϡų޾⡣У컨׹ӿŮΪ֮衣Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ
֮ɻУ
һεۼ̳дݶ硣
һ̣磬һУ̧۾Ŀһ޴ۼ̳ؼ䡣ԽԽߣ֪УΪһö޴ǳӡСһ۴ǳ֮С֮ϵ·һӴһһĤغһٲǵǰɼ
֤أӳ죡
һ̣ɫǳȴոҫۣ¸䡣
֤ˡ
ʿԺһ
һ֤ӳա
һ̣עҪΪ棬Ϊʷвĥһ档
һӡʱۼ̳ѾعڣѹϸлΪɫǳģֻۼ̳һͶӰѡͶӰɾв˼ΰӵý顣Դ֮У飬ֻҪֱ֣ӱ֪ԺС
ǣͨӳգĿͶעȥ
֤ǿ
УУֻҪԸ⣬ͿԿ룬ΪĿ׼׼󣬽õͻ׼Խ󣬻ͻԽ
УѾԽһײ֮С
һ̣У֤
˳ɳǵķŸոտʼ컯֮ԴԴϵӿڣϵ뵽Уϵ뵽С
ڵıԴѪһֲ˼ٶš
ڷ⡣
岻ϵǰ·Ҫ׽Բݱ塣
һΣ
ʮΣ
ٵΣ

գۼ䣬ǧΣ
ԴѪ֮
ڵѪҺۿɼٶɱ䡣ȫѪҺȫɽɫȻһ˿˿ɫ
ԴѪͻƵʮǧöʱһɲǼ䣬˲䱻֣ѪȻΪϽɫ

ѪȻԿһڿڱϵĸ֡
ſڱ⡣
ܱ߿ռ䣬ȻŤ
壬Բ
Ѫɱ䣬ͨ
Сɣ
ɣ䡣
Բ⡣
ϴֱͨѪѪУͬԷˮ㣬Ϊܡ
ڼûٳĬзȫӡڡ
պϵȻⶴգֱսϣھϣѪϡ
һ̤Ƴ⣬սС
纣
Ϊɻʣ
³һ


2161  Ѫ
һ̣һǿ֮أѪϯ֮£صϣκԣҪܵѹƣгص˭޷⣬ѪڴͥڣϵһʵԪܵɽͼѹơΪʵٴ
˿̣֮£ֱͬǡһζΪʵѹƣУһսѾﵽһѪеŭĵز
ѪûеԪҲڻԪУΪĴڡ
ѹƵĸоܲã൱á
ϣѪоһǿҵввڤ治֪ҪǿٱǴףеոһ֤Ļ棬Ϊֹɳ𺳣ƽ
ոԲĻ棬Ѫ죬ŶѾﵽ֤Ρ
һΣв֤һ֤֤ͬͬɱ䣬ԱһҪǿ֪ٱ漰ı仯ǳ
֤ͬͬʱ֤ؼ䣬ֻһڴ׾ڣɻѾƥоʵ
ǿɻѾԼ壬ңѾﵽԲ壬֪һ֣Դ֮ѪԴͷĴȥ
ʿԽĿսϡ
һսԻΪʱճеһս
֮£ٴ̤ڶ
һ̤һεϯķսսϣңתоؼԭȼȶķ򣬶ڷ仯
Ϊͥһ䣡
塪䣡
֮£һзңҲҪܵ޷мȡ˸ع֮£֤ǿߣԪǿߣҲȡص
Ѫɱɱ
Ѫɫ䣬ĸоԼصϵ·һӳ׶ѣֻʹԼؼ伳ȡԪ޷ɱֱϿмʩչȥɵľͷֽѪɱٴ˳ȥ
ѪɱһޱɷۣѪ̾£ݻָ˵Ѫɱ壬ǿΪͻᱻЩѪʳƬһҳƲɵεѹķ
ᵱΪۣ⼴⣡
ĿѪɱûη壬ٴǰ̤һһϺȡ
¼䣬Ѫͨ
⣬ԼΪģԼ⡣
֮£ΪУǾΪУض⣬ѹƣǾ棬Ǿ࣬Ǿ֮С
֮£ʱͿѪɱƿٶȻ俪ʼѪٴθоԶһؼָоԵ
䣬⡣
ɽͼ׹ѹơ
ЩӲѪʵӻԪѹƵ͵㡣ǰδеǰܵġָоܲӦǳķŭҪı䣬ֻܻɱС
ӡ
к˱ܣѪ֮ͨ£Ѫ俴ҲһǿĶ֡죬Ȼ֣ǾҪɱˣҪ졣ľѪ졣
纣Ѫ졣ſڱ̾Ѫг
ʱͿһڱڣһöɫĹӡշ𣬳Ѫɱ͵˹ȥ
ӡ£ռ䶼
Ϻӳͨÿһͨͬ鱦һ㡣鱦ԡ
¡¡
һӡʵʵѪɱϡģӡһǿ֮Ӵĺ嫷ײͱ˵ĺһನܱգϱ飬ӡбһһ֮ӲѪɱ𶯣ƬѪ𡣱ڲ
ӡ
ӡ
ӡ

Ѫɱһս֮ǿСӡϺ£𶯣ȴ˿ûб˵ļҪѹӡѹļ
мȻ֣ûκֵĴ㡣
һͨ·һɻеӡĪܡ
öӡѪɱϡ
ۣ
һ£ѪɱѾˣǵɳȥ
ӹӡֲ̺̫ˣÿһзյΰ֤ߵԣУȻȻ̺յԡһ㣬Ѫɱһб
ѪɱɳȥѺ۳֡
ΪˣѪ𵱳һѪ
Ѫ֣
붼룬һѾʩչѪͨ޴Ѫֽڣ⣬Ѫơ
Ŷۣ˻ģ˻ʳۣ
ٴ³һ
ľſڱȻ俪ʼ⣬϶룬˿ڱѹ˷ͬʱӿѪڱУȻܿͬʱֳһߵķӰ
ħʣڤʣʣʣɻʣʣʣǻʡ
ÿһòȫƣֻǣϵȴȻͬÿһ𶼴ݳһѹŰ˻ʵĻϢأһ䣬µߵǺӵת
ͬʱ϶ңңȥܿ϶ڣϹתֳϵһսۣͷӰ֮֡һ֣ѹ糱ˮķؼ䣬һжΧתһһѡ
һΪۡ
۸֣תһöɫӡȻ֣ӡϣֳ۶֡
ˢˢˢ
ӡֵͬʱٲȻܿոմİöӡͬʱ𣬳϶ȥӡȥ֮ӡƴǡܿ˿ڹӡȥÿһöӡȫΧĿռѾʼŤ
ӡ򣡣
зһϺȡ
ѾϽɫӡշУۿɼٶȷͣգۼ䣬ʹﵽɾ޴ӡ£֣󷽹
һ̣ռ̣ʱ侲ֹ
طΪ֮
κο֮ģͺϵĸۡ
ߣ
жߣ
ߣ
ܸܵӡдݳİԵ־
ӡµ˲䣬ռ䣬ʱ䣬·𳹵ӲѪϡ
һ룬Ѫֱ֡顣
ڶ룬ѪɱɳȥѪϣѪѪˡ
룬ӡѪϡ
Ȼ󣬾ͿһѪӡ±

ǾѪ죬ʥˣУң
Ѫźӡ´źУݳһŨŨĿ־塣
Ҹң
һŲӡϣ³һ
أ
ߣ֪ΪΣһ磬ǿУһֿ֮·ڿ
꣡
ꡣ
꣬Ѫꡣ
¡ڴƮвƮȫܸܵдݵֱ⡣
һ̣սȻüž


2162 
Ѫ죡ڤĿã̲סһ
Եһֱһ𣬱˴֮䣬νǸ񣬿νͬһԴĿѪ䣬ʹ֪֮ǰȻԤϵΣգȴû뵽Σյ䵽ĵز
ҪǣѪ𲢷Ǿеħҹ֮䲢ûйȴʹȻ޷ġ
ޣѪ꣬ʥΪС
ѪȻˣҵ죬ֱͥǿֲûˣ飬ȻˣҪֻζ뵽н졣
ʥ䣬ͬĵ̣ΪλᵽذΪΰ
ʿǿߣ壬ԡѪУĸܵѪдݳı⣬ͬǡһսںܶǿУʵЩ̫ʹġ
Ǵ׻Ǿĵ̣֧
ߴսʵںģĵ̡һ㡣̫ʹˡ񣬸һʥ˼Ķǿߣʧ޷
ңڵսȥֻ»Ӳҡ
һʥ˵䣬δܴס
ȻһսѾǱȻûܹ赲
ҹаħ̫ˣڣУ˶ɣ˭֪浽׻˶аħһ©֮㣬Σʵ̫ˡ
һսѾͣˡ
Уħ
˭Ӧ
񣬴֮⣬ʥ˼ǿߣ˿
壬ʥŮ洣ǵȵȡڹۿ
һ׽аħǱȻ֡
оȻܹԻɱѪҲɰ𺳣Ȼ֪սڴ׾ڣеҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ռĪƣ˾صϵǸѹƣӲһԪѹƵ͵㣬ټռݴơ
ǰо֮Խ׶սżȻ
ȻѶȣȴڽܵķΧ֮ڡֻսһ֤ʹﵽ˾أĵزֱ̫ˡ
ˢ
ӡɢȻܿѪ֮أһʵʵ̾ؼ䣬ֻǿһۣĸܵϢ
·һ۾Ϳ˵
ܹͨĴš

дʿǿ߷ھڣȻкңĺҪաĺʼմڡȻȻ¶
һļֵ֪ȫһӾĿ⣬ĿУ̺Ÿָͷ̰ʲôС
ڲΧĴʿĿúиһƬȡ
ֿ֮ɫȫǳġ
ǲĿģΪ˶ȡǰеļ֪ʲô֤ϣǳɾʥ˵ݡ
ƴɱΪľһ
һĹֻδǵķݣѪǱһ˶ԴġȻҲ˵ûзݣȻڲʱܲû˶ʧǡ
ֻۿźеУգۼ䱻һֻϻУ־ʧ
ԭأ˺⣬һŽɫĹһѪɫ⡣ɢΪ죬ͬеһʱУֻһѡʲô˭֪֪ܵǾǷͬСɵıһУֻܵȵս֪
ҹаħ񣡣
ҹаħ
ٴνĿ⿴һߵս
Ȼܿڤļսһ۴ħŸһδϯֱǴݿࡣ
ڤҲѷɫѪŷ·һͷţ㣬ֱײײʮַһδײħϡֲķâƾеľء
˿̣л¡
͸оԼأһŨŨĶ⣬ֶ⣬ȫǱų⣬սȻܵӰ졣ͬʱһƾմðٽ۴ħһֱס˫ţӣȫ£ٱ
ãĽԡ
Ŀãɫ䣬аһ£ֱ̫ˣǰͺǿ֤󣬵ط֮øǿ󣬿һ̨סټѹƽս֮
ûᣡ
ڤ۾һɱУһ˿࣬пܾʤӲҪ˵ڶԷսѹƵ£Ǿ͸ҪǴˡ
аħȥ
ڤ췢һŭԺһͷѪɫ趯۳ױ¯ų貵⣬Ѿ߷¡
ײ
ײ
죬ǰ
飡
𷢳ŭֱϱ˵

һħֲ£һУȻڲϵıϣҪϵļֻҪʱ䣬ǼӣҲȫЩǰ
ϧڤܸκѵĻᡣ
սУһܾܾʤ
¡¡
ѪһѪɫǣʵʵײ۴ħϣһײ޷ĺݶһ죬ս
ħ۶̫ˣеԶͬףһΣȫ֣ܵħֱ·磬ܿһֱۣײУӲ˺ѣ˷ɳȥһӣвֱ۶ѡ
ײ
ȻⲢǽ۴ħ˵ͬʱѪٴշ𣬳δվȵͬʱһײϡ
䣡
ղ飬ֳһִľ
ÿײУֱܿ۱˺ѣħϣһµѺ֮ۡԨ֮ײ໥档ͬεֻǣܱ˴˶Ա˴ɾҵƻ
򣬾ʥˣħ޷׶ħ˺
ǲβͬ
Ԩħĸ
ֱۣ׹ɳУನӲƽ磬ڳУٴװգܶˡش
飡
һײʱȻܿ޴ħӲֳѺۣһ룬ͳ֧飬ķѣΪһƬ˷ɳȥ
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2163 ħ 
һȻڤưһûħһӲնɱڴ׾ڣħѹʵ̫ˣټ˿ѷɫħصһɲı³󣬺Ȼܿλϣһ֣ͬʱһɫ⣬һŽɫ֡ȻǷڤ漸ǵǰһĽȱ
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ںĴڣ˸

ͫһĴ˵Ȼ֪ܲңݿɿϢһԪʹڣңͬһۣһԪڡһ˭֪


2164 п
һԪʱ棬ȴδػѷɫ١ҹУͬҲպաⲻǴģɱġûʵѹһʱܡһĴǿߣҲ׷¶֮ɫ
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кԥĵȿ˵
Ȼһսδܼȥô׽δЩ̫Ϸˣ˵־Ͷ֣ǿ飬Ҫһͽ䶼ûУǴȥԺ˶ڴ׾Ұ˭ܱ֤ԺҴ鷳Ҫ֪οǽ˺üλ
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ͬףҹĴУҹ֮ʱһУԷһߡ
˴ηԵƶȻ֤Ԫѣǵݣȼ磬ʥڣкΪԴҲ֤ʥλѣ޲ȱٵãǻǸ磬ͳô˻ᣬΡ
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ǣⲢܷ񶨣ǾУָ׽ȥʲôǲҪӵֻǣ˵ߣ޾Ŀӡ
ЦЦ촽΢΢һ漴һƺ佻̸
ڽ̸ʲôûֻ֪ǣܿǵϣʮּ¶һǿҵ
УĿⶼϣ¹ǵĵ;һܲġζţи˻֤Ļᡣ
ɲһ
ãռȻе֮ԣǾ죬Ҳ֮ͽ洦
֮󣬲Ȼ˵


2165 ֤ŷ
ˢ¼䣬޳ɣּ䣬ͿһɵǰǱģǺһȻľͳź˹ȥУȻܵĿ⣬һȣ޲ֱ̽ֻǣУû˸顣
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˳֤Ǿ͸ˣ˳Ǽ򵥵СҪһ̤ģ񣬽̻һףһ򵥡
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һĨɫ졣
Ϊ֮ͥյͻƻԪӦŶԡ


2166 ȯ
˳һݾʣû㹻Ĳ̣ܵ۲Ŵԣʱǲ˳֮ߵĳԶģͺñڣںһʼ˳֮ĲΪֹ˳ûгɾͣΪһ֮ˣ֪ж١ܷչģһ˳ÿһײ㣬Ƕǧѡ
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ͬõԼҪĶһӣϣʮšûж
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ּ䣬ĵѾݳ硣
ֻҪлᣬ˭пܵõ


2167  һ˲ǧ
ִƣȻ˵֮ԣζţ˶лᣬֻҪڽУӦĹףţȫлúȱ
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УͬǿҵȤ
Ҳо޴ôԲ
ûгɣ漴Ϳʼ
س֮ǰɣ⣬ģжΪĸ᲻֪֮ԻǿΪ֮Ի󣬴ԻţԻԶԶԻʣ󣬵ش󡣡
ɵǳǳ֮ʼ֮ĸʳޣԹУԹ衣ߣͬͬν֮֮֮š
⣬ҡ֮ǣɶСΪСɶΪΪղΪ󣬹ܳ󡣡

Ƚ֮Դ֮У֮ء
󣬽ľǧ򣬽ɬ޵ķһһ㣬˲˼ģҪ֪򣬿Բ򣬿УҪһϣĽǲѵ顣
ʱ򣬵ᴫΪ޷֮Ǵﵽֱ򣬲͸ĵز
ˣǵĸԭ
Ȼǵ档
֮£͸оͬԡһĵ֮УڷĸۿɼٶȲϼոմﵽ֤ΪѸٿʼȹ̣ͬʱ۴򣬲
ǧҲȻȻӡ
۴һѹΪǧΪӡ
ǧͬڶ֮ǿָоʮ
ɳ׳ڵ֮С
ڣ׳ʡ
ʥ˽Ȼͬһ㡣
һڣǶɢ䣬ӿ֮ʱ˵ϢˣڵһӱޱŨԻ㾰˷·һɾܣ󲻶ϣӿ컨׹ϼ
ЩڴϣȻûȥ
ÿһ̺ž˵
һڣͻΪһɹɾķС
ٶȣƽʱʮֹ
ͬԡڴС
һΣģֱ㵽ĵزǧ򣬿ԡһһУʤܣҲʮ棬һһ߸ܹܵԼĸøȹˣΪûҲܸоʵȴ
ܿڴڣдܣڵ֮СΪﵽֲΣͨĽѾǼãȴܲԵɱ䡣ĵøƣͨ
һʼǷں棬ȴǻԪ˺棬Ѿ޷ٶԵ̺ĵ׸򣬶ǱԽԽɬѶЩǼѡֻӲǿм£Ժվ׵һ졣
ǰ棬ȴȻһεĵǵΪ磬á
ʱ䣬ڲ֪š
޷㣬׹ȥ˶áʱ䣬Բݡ
ãڴеĵɢ
Ȼ˵ǧѾڣλѿȥ
¼䣬Ȼܿڽ̨ϣӰѾʧһʱһ
ãѾȥǧˣҴ׻֪ôˡ
лת漴ɫһ䣬û뵽ʱ侹Ȼȥô죬һӾ͹ȥǧ꣬ҪΪǧʱ䣬ʹ׳ʲô仯ĻǾˡ
붼룬תͳȥ
ɻʣ۹
˹ѯʵ
Ҵ׽ͥʢᣬʢ֮գλǰ磬֮⣬۴
кԥĿ˵
ѾĿñȡһǰϵģ⣬Ȼ׾ڣѾûȤȥ
ȴǴͥ
еģҪ֪ͥôˡ
ˢ
̤󣬶ʱֻоǰһǬתգۼ䣬ͳԭ뿪λáڴ׾ڡ
ףô
һ̤׾ڣһĨɫ
Ϊ֣йȥǧ꣬羹Ȼһ仯ûУǸոȥʱģҲ˵ڵʱ䣬粻ͬ˲Ϣǧꡣ
֮ܣȻɲ⣬Ȼ
֤˲Ϣǧ꣬Ѿһġȥ˭ŵġ
ɻʣ
֮Уֻǿ뿪һ˲䣬ֳˣеĿȣΪֹɼȺһҲ˷ܵĿС
˾ɳ֮ͳƳаݡڣһзãִ֧
׵ͷֱӿ˵
Ŵ׳ɽɳٴοʼ䣬䲻Ҳ޷̽
ͬʱ֮ܿУսڼӾսУһ֧֧Ű߲ʺ⣬ٴнսͨʿҲһ֧֧սŵĹģͶս
Ѫȷ磬ȴսϣܵԴ׽ʿзϲá
սʿս䣬ʱϹϲ֮ɫ
Ŀô׽ͥǣǸе
Щͬп۵ס
Ը⣬ʵ򣬲Ҫ׽ʿֱ֣ӿɳͽЩͽٶ࣬Ҳû̫ʧվ̫̣ӣֻսܵõɳѪܳΪѪǿҪǲɱġ
Ϊ˳֮޷ԡ
λһֻʣλڣԪǿߣѾٶ档Ӵ֮Ǵףֻǣȯ׼ôǣ棬̫ˡֻ»д
ĸվߣ˵
˵ʵڣû뵽Ȼߵ죬˳֤Ԫܲ˹ؼϵ
ȯңײͨ˳Ǵ˳۳ĵȯЧҵλ˳ر𡣺κοɱԡ
Եĳջ
һΣһ֣Ǵ˳飬ڴ֮Уֻ²ܡ
˭֪еĲ
ȯΪ׷Ŀꡣ
Ϊ˳֮бȻҪٸջ


2168 ֮
ȯεҪ¹˳ᶯʮֱҪȯԲۡȻܻøĺôҲδزɡǰǣܶҡҴ׸ƽ˵
֪֮ѾȯԲۣңͥһҪʮǧ֮ϣֻгһԪ֮Żῼ۳ȯ
ʣȯЩܵǾ޴ġ
ǲɿܵġ
ϾģƵģǣ֮ڲʥˣвԣҪҲֻǻԪѡ
Ǵ˳һ֤ԪޣʹĲΡߵĲࡣԵơ
ںܶ;˵ǲɿܵջ
̧ۿ򹦵ƺڵ֮һ룬ĸܵ˱仯۵λϣȻܿһƬƬɫ۱鲼ϣЩۣһۿȥ飬ƺ޷ֱ棬ж٣ɴ󲿷ȴõģֻһ֣۳ʵʵģ˸ɫ⡣
ܵ׵Щۣڴͥ۳ʵʵۣǴľϸȥͻ֣ᷢѾΪʵʵ಻٣һԪ֮ʮǧö
ڴ˿̵ĹУȻܸܵһöµڲϴгʵʽת
ܸоɵĹУڲˣµġģġ޷ָġ
۾Ը⣬ֱ˹£۳Ҳʱ䣬ǱĬȻۡԽǿ۵ٶȾԽ죬۵ȯķš
аԳ
Уõ
ڣȻ۵ȯʱֻҪ֪žͺãԺ˵
Щ֪ͺá
ĸԴҲû֪˳İں󣬲֪бòôӡ
ĸعڣȴһ룬뵽ɳǺĿռڡ
ˣɳǣѾبżԳ֮Ϊبżۣɳǡʵ̫ˣبżۣһԪУͬΪǿĴڣսϣһǿڡÿһ𣬶¾ҹаħħɱ
һ˷ܵ˵
ԽǱǿԽܴǱ߻øĴУ֪ءһԪ飬Ҳ˽⡣һ֪بżԲߡ
κʱ򣬶ˡ
ԪبżǰҪѹǷַӵ顣
ţܺãڵɳʲô仯ȫҡ
׵ͷ˵
ȣԸ鴢νԭȻ۵Ըȫһգ컯£Ϊɳǵһ֡ȫµĳ岿֣ⲿֳ壬Ϊ廷廷ܴԭһĻô󡣿ٴɸ˿ڡ
ӵȿڽЩ˵һ顣
ţȻ廷ȴΪԸԭֻĽֳֵȵȣûֻԺԸӺٽ졣Դ׻Ըٶȣʱ䣬Ҫ̫
ףѾɱ䣬񣬲иǴ׾ڵ쵽򣬵֮ͨأӵ
ʱǺҲų֣һ˷ܵĶ˵
֮ǰǵ򣬾ֻǴͳεĸ򣬹֮ȥһΣɳɱ䣬׽֮ͥҲŷɱ䣬κѷɫѾǿ
ҳԴףĸˣͻعףһһȥ˵ͨ
һΣɱȻȻӵͨͨ˵ζšҵĵطϵֲȶ״ϾЩطϡ٣ͨȲת죬ĸӦͻԽӵı
ʱ򣬻пܳһͺǰźһͻȻ
ͻƣνشޱȡ
ζţͨǿǱҪôͳ磬ѾܹӰн
壬Ǵ棬޷ġ
ûа취ȶǵֶվв
пѯʵ
ûа취ҪͻƣӦþдҪһЩ챦ϵĻҲǹȥ
Ǻҡҡͷ˵
һΣƾҲûý飬ƾոǹȥƾڴ֮ͥеڡ
ţһ㣬һпõ
΢ЦЦ˵
йâһȻܿһöɫʯͷСǱģǵ֮ʯٻ֮ţУֵ֮ʯ챦֪ʶֻҪڼֵ֮ڣܹõʵ֡νޱȡ
ˢ
֮ʯóȻҪʹá
߶£˲䣬͸о֮ʯдݳһĲһ룬һɫĴƾճǰϸȥŷ·ķĵɣÿһģ̺޷һʣ·ܹһµõ𰸡Уޱȡ
֮ʯӵߣ˵Ҫȼ۽
֮УһѶϢȻȻĳԺС
ܸ֮ܵŵɲ⡣
Ҫȡͨ챦
кԥ˵
Ը֮ţΪ
֮ϣֳһֻɫ۾ֻ۾У·ܿ޾֪ʶ޾תҲĴڣ漴Ϳйâתǽ֮ʯȡȥһ룬Ϳһƿն
֮ţŹرգʧ
޴ڣֻΪ
ǿ챦ô
ӺĿС
УȻܿȻһͼͼ˸貵ǳ֮⣬õĲϣȻɡͼϣܿһڵϣ˸һööǳ·ǳڲϱ任ԶǿȻȻӦ
ͼǳǳ֮Ӧǳ
סͼʱһʱ䣬͵õͼѶϢͼֻһͼȴ޷ǱܺӦǳ
ףҸоͼᷢɱ䣬֮УҴ֮أǳ֮⣬ǿ֮أǳ֮⣬ܽǹȥ޴ڣڣɳͨ衣
Ǻһ˵
ͼɱ
ȫԽӱһ磬ǶĻԵ


2169 
ܺãǺںͼԥϡ
кֻҪǺĿԽͼĻǶڴ׶ԣҪԣ޷ܴļֵҲ޷ġ
Ҫǣͥĵλ˿Ժ
ƿֻҪϰҲľǱ
ǣס
ǺЦŽͼȡһ£ͿͼȻΪһ壬һ룬ͻΪһǳ¸⡣
ˢˢˢ
ںϵͬʱܿϿա
ǰ죬һӣںǿյ̫ǳۿɼٶȣƾճ֣ǹɢȥ
֣⵽ô¡
֣󣬱Ȼ鷢ҪȻ磬ܻľ󡣶ң϶ܹӰ쵽Ĵ¡
ʿ壬һ̣׷̧ۿգе𾪣˿ڲסִ壬̫£ǳԻصܶɾ޴Ӱ
֣ǳ֮£ܿҵı仯Щ˲䱩ܶߵһӾͱȻɳĮ̼仯Ϊޣвľ˲ǣϳΪޣ塣ͨĺ˲仯ΪӡͨĴɽǣΪһɽ
嫵ǳ֮£Ǹ컻صΰ
ɶ˳ǹ⣬鲼硣
һӣɢ
ɿԸ޷ĥӡ
ôǺ
пǺѯʵ
ףѾںͼӴ֮ûͼȫΪһ֡޾ǿأ֮ԿƵ磬֪ʶɵĵڶ硣׾ڣһ޶
ǺУ·ܿ޾ǳá
Ǻָ㣬һΪ׽֮⣬֮أΪעȨޣ轻ͨѶȨޣ֪ʶֹܣֻ汾
ڶΪṩҴӵд켮ע¼Ȩޡ
ΪΪֻרԱ׳гӵȨ޽롣
΢滮
Ա鲼磬վڴױͳϽķΧ֮ڣ漰Ǵ׵ĸЩǲʺ֪һƣӦе顣
ǣס
Ǻ׵ͷӦ
ԼЩ滮ֻһ֮ɡ˿ûκѶȡ
ţԴ֮е飬ǺҪġҴĸڡ
ص˵
ӶΪ
ڣܹͨ򣬻Ρ

ʱƳϿգצͻȻ䷢һ߿Եʮֵܡ
̧ۿȥҲһĨɫ
ֻϣλϣһƬƬõԲ˼ٶ
һƬ
Ƭ
Ƭ

գۼ䣬ǳǧö۵ÿһ۶ζţӡһ̳׽ʱۣܿȻһöôһӴﵽʮࡣһǣνǳ
ɱ䣬磬ȻҴͥӴ
ȻһЦԳ
ϸ룬ʲô̫Խܡ
һ֮ϲ
ӵȫ׵۳һöȯ
Ȼڿɲô
ٴ˵仯ɳʮƽ磬ȫںʮ챦ȫƽ硣
ˣڿȫƽ磬֪ǷѾǺʲô챦ѯʵ
ʮ죬챦ǮׯΪģΪ㵥ԪȫƽǮ磬Դ֮󣬴ңǮׯת
ʮ죬챦̨ΪģΪ㵥Ԫ磬ΪҴײϽ»۳̫¶䣬ԽԽá
ʮ죬챦Ϊģ磬Դ֮󣬽ΪҴ֮أ˲ţս֮
ʮ죬챦Ϊģ磬Դ֮ҲɻΪҴ֮أķӣҲΪҴ״ʿǿߡ
ʮ죬챦ԪħΪģ磬Դ֮йѺҴдɷ֮ˣֶͽ֮С
΢󣬾Ϳٽ챦ȫͶȥеΣǴ͵õ챦һֱ֮УΣЩ꣬Ѻǿߵﷸ൱˵ġ
ֻǣѾͥĲΣٵĵˣøǿڲϽɱ䣬ɵײֱɳǣΪ㵥Ԫ㣬һ졣۵һ룬ھܴﵽĲΡαøǿҪ룬øѣǼܵ顣
һﵽΣԪħǻԪȥѹн
⣬Ҫġ
ͥҪ
˭ֻҪףǴͨߣҪץнУޣԲ
ǣˣԸ
ӺɵĴӦ
漴Ϳһ챦ϵķƽУЩƽȻըںЩ챦ԣʼȫµƽ磬ƽ縳жصԡ
ÿһƽ翪ٺ󣬶ɳǵĹע£ǣֱӴﵽޱߵĲΡ
գۼ䣬ȫµƽ硣
ʣƽ磬ɴڷ״̬ûټ٣Ժкʵ챦ٽп١

һ³һ
峿ն
׾ڣѾʼָǱɣֱɢҰӶݳȥؾ磬ڣ׾ڣУŵһ˿˿ѪζʬѪǡһΣνѪǴıһ١
ȻѾԳ׻ָвҲ̫ķˡڰ֮ɳǣ׷޸صˣҲ֮ԴԴϵĴ˷۶
ɳϿպ󣬱еİצȻɽȥܿצÿʱÿ̶ֻǣԣﵽĸ߶ȣķȣҲֻһףףʮ׵̬ɫˣƷԶԶǰȻѡǧ̾գ£ֱܹӡ
֮ͥ·νޱȡ


һݹᴩء
ܿȺ׷̤ݣųȥУĳҲ˵佫һУÿһ϶¶ϲɫŸΰĪɹԵľη


2170 ͥ󳯻
˿̣ܿʥΪɹ֮֮ǰȣ˰ٱǧֹɹڵԪֱӻΪһɶصɹʵԪķΧֻǣԪУ̺һĵϣԪųѣΪӾܾ翳֮ټиУӻģղϵٶȱʼձѪԪĻԾ
Щԡ
֮ͥԳ֮Ϊͥɹ֮ɹΪ˳ͥǸɱ󣬾жصԣܹϣóеԪоһ˿˿ʡ
þ֮أͨҪࡣ
ܶǱڵĺô֮ġ
ŨĵطȻɹ֮ڡ
ɹɱʱ󹬵֮Ĺ԰֣ǧ𵱳Բ԰֪ҪʤٱصĲ𡣾¸޷󣬸ϣһɾ¡
ͬøΰƴ޾̧ۿһۣܸܵϢ
˿̣ͥ󣬳Ѿ֡гΪ
Ѿ¶Ϊ˳ĸš
ںܶǿУѾܡ
Ͳʺˣǡô

Ⱥһ۱ҵĴǱ߶¶һĨ΢ЦȻ̧С
ֱࡣ
̧ۿףĸһη֮ϡ
μɻʣɻʱ޽Ųࡣ
μʺ󣬶ʺ޽ഺפ
μʺʺ޽ϡ
УȺص
λ񣬶Ǵһ̨ס
ǲأǶӵϵݵλĸ¡ͬһսУҲչֳ˵ʵڴսУķνĿá
ǳɹ֮ڵŮӵѹļսǵлƿԡؼʱ̣Ǵ׵ĵ֮һ˭ܶӡԪ濹Ĵڡ
Ů˷ĻǾ͸ӿ¡
Ŀú󣬴ȺûԸȥɹеȺŮˡ
һ뵽ڽͥΪֹܶ೯еļ޷ƽһͬΰĸоͥУ壬УǴװվЩݵλת䣬ȥôʱ䣬Щš
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лɻʱ¡
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ие˵н죬ȺԣȻǳ࣬ûȺܷչ׳˳֮ľ֧ȺȺ
ǽͥĵһγᣬͥλй˷ε˷ǵڵλ䣬ڴ׾ڣɳڵĹԱõ޷ֱԡطӡι˷ȫӡ֮ڡ˳֮ɻգΪӰ졣ܶͻƿо档
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׾ڵĸɳڣд׹ԱĬĬȴ֮ǰѾõϢù֪ͨ
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ȺûѡֱȫѡзӡĻѵãȫڽͻʱá
ǲõʱ̡
˭᲻֪˷ľ޴ôκαҩɵҪֻÿ˳ʱŻӵһλᣬͲС
˶ĸܵӡ̺İһ϶ܵ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ͬʱܿ׾ڣһԱڣЩŨҵģҲģѡͻƵģѡӡġһۡ
ʢ簡һڴͥʢ硣
ֻһ˷׵ʵ̣Ͳ֪Ҫٱǿ꣬ơӣĵɹ˴֮һɳ죬ѾǱȻ
ǰڴꪳɳһֻһսһΪ׽ʹ˱𣬵ʱֻԶۣоذΰҪнɽͼˮѹЩսನֻ£׾ڣѾɷ棬һƬǽˡ
˵һֱʣڼ룬Ȼѩ̿δز;ϳϴϴ󴬡
ʿǿߣĿô⣬ﻹ᲻֪Դͥ˷ַĽҲ޷ȡ˱ˣ˭޷á
Ľġ
Уڼ׵Ŀﵽǰδеĵز
ͥؼ䣬Ѿبųʥ˶޷ݻ١двʸʲôǿɽڣ׾һȽȽĴɽ
˭޷ϵġ
ͬʱȺĸоȸܵģܵ˼ӳ֣ڴ˿ͥ׷ſ֮󣬶ǵļӳ֣Ҳŷı䡣
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˳֮ʮ
{ɻʺ}İʮ
{}ʮ
һƷǶٰʮ˱ٶȡ
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Ʒٶʮı
Ʒһپʮ
Ʒһʮ
Ʒһٶʮ˱
Ʒʮ
Ʒʮı
Ʒʮ
Ʒ׵˲ϷһȺܸܵ˵ĳˢ֮ǰ̫̫ࡣҵλɱ䣬صϵĸһӣø
һԴ׵ģӲɶҡ
ҵλӳ֣ʵ̫ˡ
һƷ٣Ҳӵ綥ǿޱĽٶȣ벻춼ѡ
λ䣬˷֮£ΪֹжջȫԵ컯һΣҴ׽ͥҲĥѡ֮ͥעǶʱ޷ԽġǸҪöͥҵλ֮ڵ׼ߣҪλ䣬ͬ飬ƶҴȫ¹ߡ
׵ͷȺ˵
׽ͥҪȫµĹӦԽı仯
ΰѿش׵ķչڳ֮еȺС
ķչҪȺȺ
֮֮ͥҴ׼ȶĹߣݸģɵΪء䲢СԵĵˣֻǿ󡣸ʱƣѾγһȹ̵ϵ
˵


2171 ز
ȡůһͳС׳С㣬СϺףǿʳǿؼ䣬ԹŲĵںϵڣѾȥһ꣬УԭȻҵľ棬Ѿ׷׿ʼ֣ѾʼȫµĽ׶Ρ
һͳһСģֻܳӶڻҰǿģͳһСЩǼǿͬˣִƽȨлȡָԴ׳
ƴķչ׳
ǿϵıǿ
ÿһҪ顣
˵ڣÿ򣬶γɸĸ֣˭ҪҪֽȥͻܵȫų⣬ӡУŵѶȣڲӡ
ǰ׵Ĺǲܵġ
˵֮ܶ䣬ѾšͨţȫԿ֧ԮٷǹѾ֣ã֮䣬ͨ£ֻǣţÿɲ͡ҲѰġ
һ㣬Ѿζţ֮䣬ٷԶǸӵĴ۸ӡ⴦жĳһ̾ͻðһѿɽ㰴ڵĦݺݵĴ
ؼ䣬壬Ƕǧ˿Ƶϵ
ǰܸͨƣڽһͨ໥Ա˴֧ԮһпܾһӴܶʱ򣬶ǣһȫеĸϵǧ˿ƣ棬Ը֮ǰҪӵĶࡣ
ΪͥѾĿκ飬Ҫ˼ɵ档
Ĳ˵սţҲʦ
ͥ棬վҪ˼ɵġ
˭ϲһûеߵͥ
õǿԴԴԴϵ档
Ҳһֱ⾭ӪĿ꣬񣬽ͥηչҪصáһܳãײܲšȺҪٽ⡣
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˾ٲףԣزȡҪ֪ʷУַģβ󲻵磬Ĵ̣ųư˰ĵģж٣ܣҲҲݱԳϡǰ֮Ȩֻ̫࣬ӦеҰġһıȻ
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ǰ֮ӿɲҪ̫ࡣ
ſȨԣɸȨ̫󣬷ǻǸҪǣԺͳΣɼ鷳
ţɷ뷷Щû⣬أԭǷٷأ˵β󲻵Ŀܡվһ
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µȻһЦ
Ľһ͸׵ĻǻЩ̫صĻܲΪǲҪĺãӣÿ
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ҪȥֻҪͿԵõһʷʳΪ㹻չֳ׵ĳ⡣
Ҫ֪ÿÿ괴˰գǶǺġ
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ţټӷء˾ٿУڷأ͸ڽ˰յһɡУ涨ޡصޣ޶Ϊһꡣһڿɻȡһɣ󣬷زУչС
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£Ǵһ֦Ϊ֮ĶĴԲ
ܶ໹٣ֻҪһôǴ׶׬ģ𣬶ңܻȫµĽ򣬸ģһЩλضѡЩȫֵһᡣ
һЩƻȡ֮
ߵȻûпɱԡ
Ĳ࣬һɹԼߡ
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ڼٴ˵
ؼ䣬ǻѲֻҪֲ࣬¶ȥȻġ֮¡һжˮɡ
ܶʱ򣬶Ҫı䣬͸Ϊ
һҪռڴ֮ϡ
ǶڱռݵĽ򣬸Ӧԡ
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˳ǲֵģΪĽҲҪóһ³̣Ͼܷ֮
ڸҴͥȻֱǲЩδƵ΢ΪһЩܵ˲Źȥˮ룬ʱҴӵнڣûս硣ʤ㣬Գɣ˾൱Ƿһ¸ԵĲܡ
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󣬾Щ⣬Ҳչ˼ҵ֡
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׾Բʹ˹أɥʧȡ֮ġ
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2172 ħ
ħô¡Ⱥһ׷׿ҡ
ҲѾ֣ضħҹ֮£֣֮Уħӣϯ¡ħԴֻԡҹ
ǰһҲ˵
ۿ࣬ˮʦоؼ䣬ƺһɢټϸسħı仯ôʲôͷ
ȻǶ֮ħȻҹйأ£򵥡ҹ̫ˣһԪսδֳʤʹڶСħҹ͸صı֡
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Ǵ˽⵽ѶϢֻ£δľƣǺֹۡħֻǸոտʼ΢ģЩħֻħߵסħߵпܻ᲻ϳ֡
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ǵģħǵݣȫпħߵǰס
ţҹ׳ָսҹսѾҹһ˽⣬һԪսһվ·ڵϣ޷֮ȣܶŵڣĻЩϴΪػȡʱ䡣ҹʵվǿҷ͸ҹΪһγħߡħ߲ͨ㣬ѹħߣħ߾ͨҹһݾͨ໥ġ
΢΢ü˵
Ժħ߻ѾγɵħߡͨĶҹ㡣ĳ̶ֳϣħ߾һͨβģڻ޷˽⡣ʡ϶һʵĴڡ
ҹͨħ㣬ʵ㹻ǿһͨħߣɱҹǻͨһͨ
֮ǰؼ䣬ħߵĴڡ
ֻǣһֱֻѹֵҪҹһΪѵ顣
ֵħߣҪٵ⡣
һ仰˭ǿ˭ռ
ҹ֮䣬ںϣһֱȻ˭ںϺռλǾҪԵĵʵ
Ҵ׾ڣǳħߣƾҴ׵ʵȻѹ̫ѡҪڴ֮⣬ħߵĻɵΣֻ²ôƽȥܱߵȶ״̬δܱ̫ãֻҪңδزǴ׵Ĵûᡣǰǣѹ׾ħ֮ɾƿظĽѹħߡ
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˿ħߵĴڣδزǴƾ֮
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ħߴס
Ҵ׽ͥڸƿظǿԵĿ֣תҹ磬սħߣλ䣬ͬҪʱУǿĲӦܵӰ졣ɳڶ࣬κ飬ϱ࣬λ䣬һַӵĸ׵ƣʵĽиĽλн飬
׵ͷٴ׳һ⡣
׵ľƷƣһֱΪ׵ķչṩ޴ڽͥӴʵıͨбҪģȻҪԾƷΪһЩ
ⲻǱ䷨ֻ벹ȫ
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󣬸ⲻϳ֣һδμҵ֣֪̽У㿪ʱ֣ɢȥᡣ
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ǴͥҪʽˣǿƹһɳǣ˵֮λλжƷǿǶƷԱǴУûж١
֪ûл֮λ˵ɳ֮нпѡΣֻгͣܵõʵ֤ģſԤ֮СĺãȫпܽͥһƷ֮λ
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ô֮УһƬ顣Ǵ׸ɳеĳĿж¶һǿҵĿܶȳĿǰвŬĵ
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ͬʱ̶ͨһţǰ
Щ̶УЯĻд󲿷ֶ㡣ѸٵķһδƿصĽС
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ڴУֱý顣
һͻѷţӵѶϢͨѶš׶ἤֻеȵѧʱŻἤܵƣֻͨѶϢֹܣּơֻ󣬲ܿųȫܡΪкܹͯӽĳɳ֤ǵĳɳ
ɶȻ
ҪǮģڷŵ֮ȫ˸͵İ汾Ե¼ֻܽѶϢĽ漰׸
Щһ򣬳ڸеĹ̨ϣһʼʽֱӱɷǿߣ׷׿ʼȫ𾪡


2173 ǻ
ԽУɽɽϪݡ
һʿԶΪһݹ⣬һɽУգۼ䣬ͽ뵽俪ٳĶڣУ׺磬ڣȸСҲȫٳʯҡңչؾңңҵȵȡ
ʿһΪѾﵽԪ񾳡
ȻɢޣһֱԵʱ䣬ͻƵԪ񾳣νʲͶţӵиԴĻ龳δ޷ﵽ
Щһ¡
ǾǣںʱԼļʧȥϵɢأΪֹ֪ôֻǴڤڤеһָӦ֪ǻǻŵġԸܹҵǵټԱ
ϾҪǲ̤֮·ʲãͲ̫ࡣ
ʱѾܽȣٲʼѰԺ͸ˡ
֪ǲ紫˵еô档
ֶЩóһֻϸȥһֿƻðĽɢɫ⣬ͨ嶼ǽɣֽʲôĿ⣬޷ֱ档ֻǲ²⣬ȻԸֲϴ䣬ϳȫ²ϡ
ʵҲˣһδ
Ѿºϳɳһⱦġǹһּϡǳԣܼȡǳߣӿ٣ӾˡѶϢٶȣҲ졣
ԴӺϳɳǹԭȵϣѸٽи»ȫµܸǿ󣬶ңҪƻ͸ѣУ̺飬ͬһĴڣĸз壬ںԺӵе飬Ϊһ塣Ը˽иֲǸ𽲽Ļ
һļ۸ڴ֮⣬ǿ൱͵ġ
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еȵģǻͬ˾ĺͯѾвСԡ
ϵȵģǻѾͨˣϣԶԶ׿ˣԵԣǳǿһλЯĸүүָճеĸֱ׶ˡǽиܹǿָȵȣǶʮ硣
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͸о󴦣һĨ΢΢Ĵʹ·Ӷҧһ¡һѪѾ֮Сһ룬Ϸһ⡣һε֡
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Ȼ֪µǳһģǳľԼֻǣǳ̫Сˣֻ֮䡣
ǰֳһŹ
ǹе飬ѡģòģнѡҲ˼еò趨
зһâǰγһĻڹĻϣȻֳָģ塣ʲôòУ飬ݣˣoˣȵȡǧٹ֣νӦоУڣһϲġ
һ
һָһֻСģ壬ʱͿٱãգۼ䣬ͻΪһֻֻĴָС˸ŹԵС飬ʮֿɰһۿȥϲ
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Щע־ֱӽ뵽ǳڲǳڣһƬĿռ䣬һʼǳռ䷶Χ󣬴ֻʮƽҡ
Ȼעߵ˽˿ռ䡣
ڴ׾ڣͨգֻҪǴһʼĳʼ˽˿ռ䣬СͳһһٸƽУӵе˽˿ռ䣬Ҳ˸汾ġ
ҪȻô֮֡
Ȼ˽˿ռǿġ
ˣעÿһʿոս֮ڵĶռ䣬Ҳڸ˵˽ռ䡣ռڣװΣԽƷԽĿռװεĽ̻ԻͣҲװεĸûʡ޻κ鶼ԡ˲޷˽˿ռġȫÿһλĸ˽Ҳռһ֡
Сٶ˵
ҲŶԼ˽˿ռװΣֻܽһЩ򵥵װΣһЩװΣѵģҪǮġ
Уʩеңڣ֮ΪǱңҲңǱľ۶ɣֻҪʲôÿҲܻȡһǱңҪЧʵǱңԽоڤ룬붨ȵȷľԻΪǱҡУרŵʿڤǱңȻ۳ȥЩеʦȻ󲿷ʱϣȴܻȡǮơǱǿҶһġһöǱҿɶһһöҡ
С˵
УûǮͬǺѻȡԼҪĶ
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Ȼܿ޴ǻںǿС
ģȻһǻֳͭɫ棬ǵڶǻֳɫһǻֳɫ
ǻеͭɫ򣬰ɫڣƽɫǺڡÿһǻһǲģеˣ޷ϣȨ޽
С˵
аһݣȻ֪ؼûʲôԵĹƽֳǹƽҲǲƽֻôѡڶԣѾĶ͡


2174 ʱ
κεط׼ζǴڵġԣԣվǴڵġûн׼磬Ǵͬ磬ܴڣֻ뻯磬طԣûйļֵ
֮ͬ˭Ŭܶ
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вĽ׼ûκβ޵ĸоһǿҵĺģҪһʲô֮ͬ
в࣬Żж
ˣעᣬǳʼǻڿǰǷҪǰ
Сѯʵ
ܿıǳѾǻڵĺСȥ漴ܿǳǻ֮䣬һεϵ·һεǹγɣֻҪԸ⣬˳ǹ죬ܽǻ֮ڡ
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Ȼˣôܲǻ۸һ£
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һͿһǹǳ⣬̤ǹ죬˲ͷ·ɳһ㻮գͶǻ֮ڡ
գۼ䣬ǰɫһߡһ¾ͳһľ޳֮С
޳ʮ־ˣ·ȫɺǹɡ
ͺһʵɳһ㡣
ˣǻһǿ֮ɣÿһǿ֮ǣɴԱڵĽԽǣ󲿷Ա԰Խ򡣶ӰԽҲǰǿ֮ǡУǻУӵһǿ֮ǵľ޳ǡǳǡÿ˿ѽԼǳǣҪǰǳǣ뻨ѴͷѣãҲǱġ
С˵
Ȼ棬Ȼ˼顣һһȫһǰҪ˽ʲôѶϢԼĽ򶼳ȥҪ˽ⶼȴ棬໥
һѹסе𺳡
ʼǰİԽǡ
ܿеĸʩһ㶼١
磬еڴУ̺ŸָĹ伮ȻЩ伮Ʒײߣֻǻͨսȴǳǧ򣬸ֵ𾭵ȵȣ൱Ӵ
ендеĵطÿһλˣͨˣҲԽ봫еУѡȡһŻһͨսһŻաѡȡ󣬴ʱҪħģֻԼУܶ⴫У֡ںĻҪҪȡߵĴУҪ׵㡣ǶǱ֮ġֻ⹱ףܻȡ
磬㹱һеûеĵ伮ͻȡٲһĹ׵㡣ﵽһ׵㣬ͿԻȡӦĹС׺ĵ伮ֻԼѪ֮дУѪ֮⣬޷ٴڡҲҪħĵġȻѡƴУ׵ĵ伮ܻȡĹ׵㣬ͻ롣
СָŴе˵
ɣǿƵģеĸĿǸУκε伮мֵģ֪ʶĲƸκ֪ʶУܲӦеļֵ
һеȴΪͥԴԴϵĹ伮ܶʿԼĹ伮Ǹ־飬ţΪ鼮һ׵㡣Щȫµ鼮ȫС
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ڶԣѾǴ׬׬ҪȥУڵĺܶ伮ѾԶȫɴײؾеղء⼸ʱ䣬ؾڣǿʿƼѧеĴѧӣҹڲؾڣ³ֵĵ伮缢ƿʵĽ
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Ƕս棬ǰ߶ս塣棬ԽսģһΪսɱ䣬ҲֻʧһЩѣи˺УʮʢС
ﻹҵ磬ԽУԽԼ磬ԼԸֲͬľ
ͽԷ񣬽͡
Ժ˽Ȼִ֧ʵƷԽжǰԽ飬ڰԽдɽȫԼʱص㣬ǰס
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ֻǻڣûнȨޡ
֮ţڵڶǻӵеȨܲܽ磬ǿż
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ĹйעĻ⡣
˭ܷ
ڤźڤԲھź֤ԪΪʥˣʥ˷޵Уһ㣬֮ǰоѾõ֤ʵһôԾĹܵûгƶ֮ǰ˭ȥ
ֻŴĦĦۿۿ
ʢ᲻Ҫ㣬ҪŪø߶˴㡣ǽͥĵһʢᣬĿһʢᡣ


2175 
ͥʥͥλǲͬġԭȲ뵽Ĵܣһ̣ȫпܡͺñʥˣǰĴף£ʥδػڣʥҲҪؿǣԲ֮˭СһܹͥζţӵжԵȵʵλȻ˳еᣬʥ˲μӣҲԵ𽵹
λˣʵˣټϵ̡
ʥҲûвĵ
УϣкöģǾĶſ𣬷ںУʱ仳ǧꡣиƷ֡ʢᡣһΣ׸ǽĸ˳
Ȼ˵Ǵ׵һơ
֮⣬мңңԪңңüңңң̥ҡÿһƷ׶ͣȻȣȴҲ
Ҳ˵һ죬ȱݣɶںܶͨ˵ȫǸı˵ĻᣬЩ꣬״սϣѹħߣ쿪սܶǿߵʬѾι˼ڣϳļҲ֪ж٣ժһһ
ЩҶǴײųȥֻ򱦵һЩжһ
һЩǰ;ģٻʹüңɶʲ㣬ȴҪһˣȫһݾԴ׵ĴֻҪԸ⣬׾һĶǿߡȻͬв࣬ɾȴʵʵڵģܵҲʵʵڵġ
ܹ˸ײϡԪܹǿܹüҿ˻ȡ֮ںܶʿԣǼջӵн֮ȫȫһҲ档
ȥ󣬿˾ڴгͨ裬ˮɺˮڴУԴԴϴӴмȡѸٻָУ󺣵ķΧ൱޴ġһûкĴڡڴпٻָ̨ͬǰǣķ㹻ӴۺҪȻҲûʲôá
ҷΪľˮȫңԳ֮ΪңľңˮңңңȥһʣͳԵ塣ЩйҲмϵġ
̥ңܹʣ̥ǣֱӴӷţ콾Ǹı˵Ļᡣ
ֶҡ
ȫЩԶԶϵĻۣռӸ;лȡġ
Ҫ˳׵Ѽ
һΣʢϣ׾Ҫչ¶ڴ׵ĵ̣ǿߣ֪׾Щûе̵ıǻۺͷ
ʢᣬչִ׵һλᡣ
һгɹӰ˲ͻ
Ҫ֪УֱӶǧܷ롣
ҪȫֻҪһ֣Ǿô׵Ӱ
ͥ³ʢᣬǿǰμᡣ
ڴ׽ܹĵ׼ʢ֮ʱͻȻ䣬һϢС
ϢȻǴͥз
һ˲Ȼ󲨡
ô£
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˵ͥӵţֱǰ򣬽ʿͥνǿޱȣȴ׵ĲʺѷɫǸǿֱӸġ
˵ֻҪΪʵﵽһΣῪʱֱӺţٻͶӰֻͥǣʱʢᣬôһҪͥһȸµĸо
Ҫôѡʢ޷ʢֻһΣͥͥķͷ˱ѹȻʧɫʢᣬһԪͷʢ硣
ʿ壬ԼͬĴָͨڣǽһ֡
۷׷ףﻹͥ׼һ£дѹͼ
ͥʢȣ׵ʢᣬȻҪСࡣҵͷλؼС
ǧһңȥܳɵõʲôǳ֣ﵽ񾳣ڷ˵ǳɡ
ǧһңȥܾϼϡʲô͵ͬ龳飬ԪߣϣʵӼȷġ
ǧһңȥ룬ͬǿһͨˣ˲Ϊǣﵽ̨硣
ֶؼ䣬νָңԼ䣬Ҫѷɫһ
ںܶԪ࣬ûѡתֻصһǿ˵ҵջ൱˵ġ
ҪǣͥʢᣬԶ
Ҫʹ׵ʢûжǰĻɣͻԵúˡ
ңҪʢ᲻ʢᣬԱȣ˲䣬ͻ͹Գͥĵ̡
Уһӡͥڴ֮ͥϡ
Ϣһ
ɹڣĹУĸͬʱҵУŮϣ¶һĨŭ֮ɫ
̫Ǻõ֪Ǵ׽ҪʢᣬǰʢᣬҪʲôҪҲʹ죬ΪͥǵͥͥҲΪԭ򣬲ϡУԼû͸ҶǴ׷ƣǰ׳ա
ĸһŭɫ˵
ĸţ˭᲻֪ͥеЩ飬֪Ŀɲ١
Ǻǣɲǰ׳գһĴˣҪȻܴһԪڡ
ҡҡͷ˵ͥı׶ˣͥڲɽͷƼȨɢܵʵֻռ֮ͥһֻռݴ֮֡У̺̫ʥ˵ĺۼʥˣûа취ʩչֶΡ
һΣз֮ҾѾˣԲǲ֪İأ֮ǰûл˵˵ûҪҪ֮ڣ˳İɢȥʲôһͥĸͥڣٲӣ֮˿ԶãҪ۵ȯչֳԼͥжһ޶ȡĵλ
죬ɴûСƹһݷĴ
ʢᣬֻǱԴףڲڶųźţԵĸЩǱڰеľ뢡
Ȼ죬Ҫ°ӣϵҩˮ˼
ô죬ǷҪչж
΢΢ü˵
赣ǣһо䣬ԲӦ䡣еȻһЦ


2176 ħ
ߣһҪˡôδؾܹԸȯΪ۵ģͥж٣ڿɲһԪͥǺе飬أļȥȨ飬һԪӵеԲ̫ࡣȻռһ֮أɶԼµȫûһ˳Чʡĸü¶һĨм֮ɫ
ͥͳַܹ죬ܹŹ֣⡣
ΪǵһԪȨ
ԭͥеЩһݣû뵽뷨Ҫָ߸ϣǿʵͳڽ򣬽ܹȡ棬һϣȻһ㡣
˳֮ͬǸ߸ϣĺõġ
ͥ㹻ʵǸоηηܴĳͥǲı䣬ʣͥǶ㣬пܣͣһ׶Σ֮ͥ
첻ῴһ㣬֮ǰûлᣬڣֻҪʼͥʵ̣ԲСӣɲ򵥣Ҫ׼ʼһɨȻ󣬳ƿƿµٳзչš
ҡҡͷ˵
ţͥµģͥһ壬ںʱڣѹǬߴڣһԪУ˵ͥѾΪһ壬ΪһɳһĴڣƷ֮ߣ³ͥɳǵĽޣпܣﵽͥɳǣҲǣبżɳǡ
ĸһ˵
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һζͶֻ֣Լɵӡ
ͥѹ£ǵУͥǿ֪֮Ĳ١
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ĸ˵
һɳأͥ޷ǿ̡
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Ҫǣɳת콫ΪǿԼǿġֻǣǵϣӡǣӡǱȡġ
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һֱĵϵڡ
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ͥǵУֻǸոսͥжѡ
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еȻһЦͷǴ׵Ҫж١еᣬ㿪ţӭκеǰμӡ
ãҸҩˮηҪúøһѵơ
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ûãһʼص
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ͷܻء
ֻаһűϡ棬ȻǾŵӰֱǺ׺ڻǱģǾͷеľŴۣۣǡÿһ϶ɢޱϢаʱ΢΢ͷ¶Ӧеľη֮ɫ
СҪʢᣬ׵ģҲҪʢᣬΪʤٰ칦ô̤аͷϵʢ磬˼̫˼ˡ浱аѾô
аǱ¶һĨŨŨЦЦдһĨа˿һεĺ⡣
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һսԼ˵ݶѾȫ¶ˣΪ˱ס֮òѡӶݣҲ޷ٶԴ׽ͥƻ£ѡ񡣿ѡ񣬶аԣһĪĳ衣
ӳΪ˶׷ɱֱεĸӦϵǰȡ֮Ȩʥ˵ҵλڣǻԪΪӶݣħòеʧʵ̫ˡЩ죬ֻܶھͷߵܻС
аˣǷҪһЩ鷳ǻԽȥ
ۿ
Уڣʼַħҹ֮䣬ֲĽӴط໥ںϣ͸Ҫ˶ãͻȻγһħͨʱҹħؽԴԴϣϯ磬׻Ϊսڸصȼս𡣡
һȵ˵
ڷħ飬ǾͷȻ֪ģںϣ໥ʴֱӷӦڣҹʵǿԾͿԴռݵԵȻ
ħһħݺᣬǿҲҪս̶С
ҪС磬ǿߣǿɲں£飬ǻȡǿߣսʵƾӴǿߣһԪսҹеǿߣһһʵ޾δȡվһΣû·ˡֻҪݻ磬ҹӮⳡս
аЦ˵
ںϣսʵǣлʥ˼𣬴֤ǿߣǿ壬һ֣ͬûд۵ģѾǹעһˡ
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ֻЩҹԤ֮СԵʵ£κı޼µġ
ǰжħҪͥͥ뿪ĵľʲôᡣ
аԥ
ٺ٣˷ģǾͷ߾ΪЩ׼ġ
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2177 
ᣬûнǷһΣҪ֪ͷףԲһôɵ顣ҪôףδЩ̫ˣ̫ˡһΣҪһݴ
ǲܴ⣬ͥµĸżߵƿħ߲ҹͨ㣬ͬ㹻ǿҲͨħߣҹһ໥ͨһγɣ編֧ͬţʥ˼ǿ߶ƻħǿҲССġ
аһص˵
׷ͬСɣǴ˳Ҫƻû뵽Ǵﵽ֮ͥƣƲɵֶͨνнơ׿ǻĺܣڶħս͸ɱҹս֮УҪץסᣬ˵˳ħߣɱҹ硣Ⲣʲôܵ顣
мߵĿԡ
һʼħߣط£Ķǿߣûа취ͨħ߿ֻǲ޾ħϮڿɲһץסᣬͻҹ磬ҹ𷴹
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ͷͬʱһȻȻ֤

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ͥΪʢ᲻ɢͥҲΪʢɢ׵ֱͽͥУɴ׷׽ӵ
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ǰͰڷһѵʳ󲿷ֶԴ졣
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ʱѵʢἴ̿ʼּţ򣬽Կٻǰͥӭͣʢᡣ
ſڷһ
ֱŵ£硣ţһ̿ʼ򣬲ֻҪΪﵽһΣӵܺŽн㣬ҿݡ
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ܿһŵͶӰٳһϿաһǿߣǰ̤ͥ
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ȥȻҪȥʢᣬôѵõʢ磬ܲȥ
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ͲȥˣѼøȥɡȻΪ˲ôȷʵԣֻǣͳˣЩˣ۲ĲͲȥ֣ͥڣҪɹ
ĸҡҡͷ˵
ʢ˵ʲôϡ£ߣȫȥҪᣬȻľͽ˲
ҲãǾȥαصһֿơ
еȻһЦּ䣬ͿսѾǰ̫žøӵɲ⣬Яֲ̤սתۼ䣬սϣһγɫǣǳ

̫žһ˲սƿնУңڵλÿٴȥսߣֱӴնС쵽˼飬һս»ΪӰΪ֮ǰ磬ûٻŵ뷨
ҪԽƾִݡ
սϣռʱϼӳ֡ʱܱ߻ơ
˲Ϣ䣬һ򱻿Խ
ңսƿʱĻ棬뿪ˣĳһУڵչֳμ󷽷ǰ硣
Ƭ̼䣬Ѿִݡ


2178 ʢ ײ
Ǵɻʵݣսٶȣ̫ˣ˲ϢܿԽһ򣬽֮Ľӣ˵ȫͬսη֮ġԪһɻʡ̫žഫµĵһ̫ӣҲഫȻҸоÿһɢϢȻ֤ѷɫԾʥ˶δĴ
Ҫȥ׿һ˵֮УޣֻҪףԻȡѵĹӵнײؾʸഫײؾڣӵĵ伮塣漰ķΧκ̺֮ڡԻȡ֮֮ͨ
򣬿Ļ棬֪飬¶һ־ηĽ֮ɫͬʱĶԴܶʿǰ¶ģ׼ǰסǼףⶼ൱ѡ٣Ĵףӹɵһʥء
ӵװա
ȡ
Ŀ֮£սѾǰ
Ҳ¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
˵ӭɻʱ¼
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רŵŮǰӭӡ
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ڣͥڵɹƷ׸ߵ͸λۼһ໥̸Цտڵһ̾Ůͷ裬Ϊⳡʢս
һأͥĵǡ
棬Ȼһʢװĸ졣
ò˵ĸΪͥĸ£һòν覣Ȼ¶ĹһֶصʣǲΪضĸ֮ؼ䣬νŮָġ˿̶ϣܶʶĲֱӡ
ңһǿߡ
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˿̣Ҳ¶һĨЦݡ
ʢᣬͥУʢһʢᡣ
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֮ԪӴɵ
ԪӵʵȻö˵ǿһĴڣؼ䣬һλеܣأ˲׳ʡ
ǰʤϲ
쿴Ц˵
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һִڤĴؼ䣬ν˲֪ˣ֮֯սӲɱһֺպ֪öĸζڷһѵɱ񰡣ʥ˶ˣһսֱǿµ£Ѫ
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֪УѾƼ֮С
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ϵЦݸŨʢһһΣν¡صһΣʥ˽٣Ĺжߣϯж󣬻ҪĿˣжԽȻԽӵʡ
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һŮ봩ڸϯ棬һ̵ңһΣǴһΣڷʥ֤ǰģȻǾǧһҡ
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ڷǰңҲ¶Цݡ
Ȼܶ඼ѾƷңңȥֻеһʱЧǿԺٳԣЧͲ̫󣬿ȴؼζɿڣڸмѣԹһΣԵڶΡ˻ζҲ޷ջ
ȻܶûԼһݣǻּ䣬źۼԼòϣԸԼļ˵ӡǲﾡáȻЩУ֣ҲûָҸǾǵģʹã벻ԣԼԸ
λѾã
Ц˵
һ仰£ʢʽ׷ңֹƷ
ȻҲû⡣
ȻǰңʼƷһԣгԱʳˣҲ۾һܵζٴݳĶظоȫ£ϸ
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ֻǣɱ䣬ʼձѹڣһ׶
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ȻµĶЧǱҲѷɫǾǧңĸϽģҡ
ĸϵң첢ûó
󣬿֪
ܿĽУֳһƬ;ľҺʳϣҲԵĲֺ
¡¡
֪УƹѲ
մﵽ߳ʱͻȻ䣬һ޴ĺ׵𣬴УһɿֱֲӳײͥҡΡ֮УҲһ𶯡ڵϣ֧顣
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ʱ⣬Ǽֱڴͥ
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ϵЦ˲ɢһ䣬ſڷǧۣ˳ȥһô£ʲôˣҳײ
У޾ϡ


2179 ħ ȯ
ǣ£ǧۣ˳վ뿪ϯλǰţǵ츳ͨ鿴ݣǧͨܶ˶УܴﵽֲεģָһûС
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2180 ɹٷ
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2182 ԨѪ
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ʱɹڣһΪ۳̨԰֮Уһ޴Ĺ۳̨ϣ뵱֮սֱܷžһ
һƬ󺣣Ĵڽʯϡһ˿˿ܻص
ǰȻܿм䡣
лɱѪõһڤɱõĺħĺħ޲TУ޲Tûв֮ˣǵ⣬˭Ҵ򣬾ŽٽĿùģ˭ΪԼھŽٽ£ܺ޲Tа塣
Ҳǰδеġ
ģ˭һӿôġ


2183 
ھη䣬ڴҶ˵һ˵ҪȻҲֻһֱӴҵʱѣյĵ֮ûеõĵѣҲɰѰ֤Ԫ֮ȥеȿ˵
Ҳש񣬺˭ҪɷޣȻÿ˶õ
˺⣬ſԸõ׷Ѱ;
η䣬Ҳһ⡣
ɻԼǣͬ⡣
ǾȷΪѡĲȣС
Ԫӣׯܵ󣬶ǵͷʾͬӦ
˹֮ЩҲûˣҪȥȥᣬҲ޹ء̫ᡣ
ȻǾһЩ³̣ҪúҪճĶģȻиᣬһڤȡ֮սУǳ࣬ɵӵȻȡʸ񡣡
һ˵ξ飬ͶƱķʽƶȡƱģӵкڤ棬࣬ͶƱĻϣʮƱȨޡյõƱǶ٣ʮƱĳͲ˴֮һ֤ˡ֪λΪΡ
ûʲôôã罻ǰȡһҪǣװװǰģõУȻ鷳վûֱҪԼУк
׵⹫֤ˣȻٺòŵѵĹ
ԥĿֵ֧
֮սеĹףһ㶼ڤ֮£ҲǱȡģڲó˳Уһ㣬νǸ߷ڣƷУ塣
ܷƷϣӹɣ޿ޡ
һɻʰš
һܷ׷׵ͷӦʾַͬ
ͶƱķʽƱߵģȻܻȡ
ãȻÿͶƱֻһͶƱ֮ǰаʱƱʱ䣬ܷ˵ˣͶƱԼǾͿλֶΡ
еȻһЦ
ּ䣬һֻм䣬ͶƱ䣬Ȼÿһǰһѩ׵İֻҪѡ񣬾֣Ͷڣȴǡ
ɣҲһչֶָεʱ̡
дʿλֹֻǣ֮սУд䣬ǲǿԸ䣬Ӹ䣬˵ģͶֻأȴ˵ģͶ̥תĻᶼС
Ĵۡ
ͶƱǰʱЩҪõϣõˣʱ䣬Ʊֳŵ¸ֺôǩԼĻᡣ
Σõߣ϶ҪӦ۵ġ
ֻǶٵ⡣
һŵܵõЩ֧ܵ֡
Ȼһ̣һܷ׷׿ʼнǧһĶãֱʿйͨ˶࣬ʵ򣬽Ĺ̲
ʱѵλͶԼеһƱ
̧ۿλܣȻ˵
ˢˢˢ
ûгɣʱѾӵ㹻ǵĿռ䡣һͶ͵գۼ䣬һͶƱ̡
ͶƱɣڿ䣬ͶӰͶƱͳһĹ
ּ䣬һշ𣬳УҫŹâͶӰһ֡ÿһ飬̺ŸλԲٵо
ܿͶӰУڤ֣ռݴﵽһٶƱټ䱾еʮƱƱ׾һͶƱܹսڤĵλ
ϸƱһһʮƱڤңңȣһĹڤ档һ𣬲顣
׵ͷֱӶŵһһָ˲Ͷڤ棬ڤԥĽ£е˵ͷܿһ˿͡һΣϵѾɢ룬ģڤһЩŵڤӽ֤
ʵϣҲʵ飬һʵǿ۰ս֮ǿѾ֮⡣һɱΪã˭ĸڤһһ飬൱顣
ڤ棬Ҳ顣
ߵѪɱ֤֮Ȼطķѹδزһݾ
ڶĹڿԿʼͶƱǰʱʱǡ
ٴ˵
һ£˵˼׾ͱ÷Ҹӡ
֪Уʱȥ
ٴοʼͶƱ
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д򿪱һƷ𣬿ͶӰһ֡
ף
ͶӰУҲ¶һĨɫû뵽ģȻ֡
ͶƱɣѾͶƱ¶ƱһʮƱڰ¶жźһָʣĺѾֱӷɵ¶ǰ
¶ĿúҲ޷סֿϲ˷֮ɫ
ɲͨƷǴ˵еĺֻ֤֮Ҫõлᣬֱӿһﵽǰ붼ľ硣УĴۣ嶼Ԫˣ̴ֻҪ߳һеһУȫֵõġ
ô
ĸҸôĴۡ
ˣѾûˣֻ֤ܿ
ܶûͶ¶ĴܣĿú϶¶һĨ֮ɫ
ľѳۣ˭ܷڡ
¶ΪˣޱȾ˵ĴۣۣҪֵġûǿĵ̣òġ⼸޾Ǯ
Ҳû⣬Ȼ⣬¶ȻõˣǾζţȷʵг˵ֻԵǾ˭˵
ԴѾ˹ӽ𣬲顣ޣ֤֮·ֹһΪʥˣԳΪԪһӵս֤δزһܺõĵ·˳ʵҲһ·˳Ǵﵽͥسҵλ֮ߣѷɫʥˡ
ͻȻ˵
ǵģ֮ͥλ֮ߣѾʥѷɫͥڵȺҲˮǴߡλЩѷɫ٣λȨأͥڣԺ绽ꡣ
ǽͥ˳˵ڴУһƷӵʥ˵ҵλܷҵλ͸ȹ̡
Ȼ˵仰ֻܵУһӶѣ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ܵõջǶ֮ϲһ仰ѣԴɲ˶Ӱ졣
ʢἴʼλѣھһͬ硣
Ц˵
ʢڵ԰ֲһ԰֣ǺԷ
⴦԰֣ٲһҹǹͶעУͬޱǺ֮ڣǳ֮С


2184 ʢ
һ;ǷͥؾʢᣬȻܸôҪúõչʾһڴ׵ĵʵλðĳȻòʮֵʺϡ
ܿǺԷУһƬƬƯͬһõС֪УѾҹɫأϣڷһϣڷһЩ򵥵Ĺ̡
Щ̣ɶѣ۽ۣܹϣϣʥŮƻ㽶ȵȣѾкãŮİڷһˮƴ̡ÿһˮ̺ҪǣЩѡˮÿһֶ൱ζɿڡڸмѣһ㣬ǵõʳҵϿɡ
Щˮƴ̣Ͳͨõĳġ
ˮƴ̻һЩ۽ʳɿָ㡣Ǿɿڣζס
ȵִĴȺǷֱڸǰһ̸˵أһƷǰˮƴ̣ζζвɢһ϶¶ԵЦϲá
н죬Щ׳ӣȻɡ
ûãͿһʺϼ⻮գգۼ䣬һպǿߣ׷׵ִ
ؽӵ
շ𵽣
Żϲ𵽣
˵

һɹӰȺִɹڹŮ̵£ֱ߽ǺԷУһǰһ߹ͬʱҲһƷϵˮƴ̡۽ʳһЩŮɣƷһ۾¶һ˿˿ζ֮ɫ
УЩƷǲڳʳ֮ϣֱǱһǷ㣬ǿ쳢ɿƷζ˿ܺóԡ
УͶֿʼ
ЩСɵ죬ǡǡϲԵĶƷ۾ɵ
˵δΪʢᣬóඥҡʱоƷʱ򡣡Цҡҡͷ˵
ʢĹģ˿ѷɫʢᣬһͥǿЦġھͲ֪жٴܻǰǷʥ˵
Ц˵Ҳһ˿档
ͣܵĿڴȺϲϹҲǰԾ̾һԪ˳˵󲿷ֶǴ΢ĩһ߳ģʱ䣬ȻһͨˣﵽΪ磬ٹһʱ䣬ٽȫˮɵ顣
˳УΪСʱ˼ӳ֣ͻͽһǧΪԽߣ˼ӳ֣ò̫ԣʱҪĲǷĻۣǵУǶطǶԡȻҲȫûЧֻǣķȣСʱѸͶѡ
ʱƣɾ޴󣬱ͬʿٶȣ֪Ҫ϶ٱ
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УһƾţΪһƬ֮УһɫװʥһȾľŮȻ֣߹ʱĿú󣬲һۻĸоֱӡ
㺮϶ӵ
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˲ɷ
϶Ҳˣһ˲䣬֮أΪ֮
󣬾ͿһܲϵȺִ
ںڰеϰܼǿߣһ䣬׷׵ִᣬǺʹ֮ĹϵȻǲݴġ˭˺
ףǿĿɽ
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ԪӼǺԷ˲׳ʡ
Ѫڤ浽
ڤҲˣţ֮ǰǰ۳̨ϲһִݣ˲ԵüΪĺ𺳸СǶĴܣĶǿǰκһǶ˾޵Ĵǿߡ
¶˹ǿߵִĹ˲
Ҫ֪ͥʱǿûвμӡжԱȣһӾͳˡ
ڿϵıԵЩǺܺÿ
ʱһ֮ϣһ֣Ȼ䣬ܿеӰ֪ʱϣһϣŭȻȻǺԷдݹȥܸоɫ䣬ǰһݡֱֲܵӵǡ
ͷ·Ǭգס
ɻʱ£
񣬷׷ʩݼ
ɫ䣬û˿Ĳ
񣬽ǰμᣬҴ׵Ŀˣ񣬾ò
Ц˵
ˢ
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Ůﵽ
ﵽ
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һ룬ʥɽϯֲϣǱˣȻʥͬʱ
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һ޲ɷʴȵŵͷ·ǿ֮ĸһ㣬һĪĺøС
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һɫۣһǵӣȻ֣ɢϢ·˿ʥ֮¡ⲻǱˣʥʼʥӡʥ壬ʥ飬ؼ䣬֮ӣʼ棬дԵͻƵԪֱΪʥӡ֮ͬӡ
֮䣬档
ֿš
ʥ˵
׼ʥ˵
ţͿ׼Ҳų֡
һʱ䣬ǺԷУνԣһ˲˶㡣ﵽ˿󼰵ĸ߶ȡ
֪УѾңǿ֣һǹ£ֱǺԷУΪһƬ嫵Ǻӣͬǿ֮Уڣӵĳס
ʢᣬʽʼң
Ŀʱѵ޳ɣиһӣ
£һɹŮһֻֻ뺣˹紩㣬ڸǰһ̵ҡÿǰڷһ̣Ҹһöɢ㣬ǿա
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Ὺʼ󣬷׷ңϸƷζ
ǳԹңƷ׵ЩҺҲһ۾һ¶֮УʱƷȥʱܿϼӸԵɢݳе쳣졣
Уиˡ
еĸ裬ǿνʮֵľޣ֪Ŀú󣬴Ȥ
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ʱͻȻ䣬·оҵĺ紫


2185 ħ ɽ
Լ䣬·ɳǶҪ֮𶯡ֻǣɳǿƥӲǹɴؼ䴫ݶǱǿѹȥ
ֳײ֮
ѵħߵǳڴ׾ڣô֮ǰʱ̽׾Ȼзħļ󣬿ȴûֱγħߵĿܣԲɺϡ
ϴͥʢʱͳֹһȻֳˣҪɺϣǾȫ˵ȥˣһڰе
ڸо𶯺ϯеܣһ϶¶Ź֮ɫ
ΣɺϵĿԣ޵Ľ͡ɺϡһڰеҪ£ĿȺ壬ԺȻҹϡ
ߣ
бзһߡ
һּ䣬Ȼһͭžƾճ֡ھϣȻһ⣬ţͿһĻǺԷСĽ׾ڷǰ
һۿȥ̲ס
Ȼܿڴ׾ڣһУ׷׳ֿµľһͨħֱħȫɺ嫵ħ۶ɣħڵλãħ֣߳ÿһħߣֳϱʹһ֣ħߣʱпܳŴħ߽ݱ䡣
⻭棬ͥģһģһֻǣֻͥһԳĵħߣٵԶ֮ҪϾĶ࣬ʮͬʱħߣҲʮħߡֱܽ˻̫࣬Ҳֲ̫ˡһħ߳׳ͣǲɻġ
ԴԴϵĻħϯʴ׵ƻ
Ⱥҹħӣ޷죬Ѿ޼ɵڵ֮УꡣɻʣճңдͰѹЩħߣѵõ¡
ͨһĨɫΪʥˣ޷ݻħߣҲʱѹβμᣬαħ֮¸£Ȼ֮ǱߣӡĲͬûѡ֣ڴУͨ飬һΣҲδɡ
лͨʥ⣬ʣҴ׻ܹӦЩħӽ˴ҵ¡ҿҴֶΡ
еȻһЦͨ˵ͷȻݺ⻹ġ
ڴ֮УӦԱʵûУȥǶľǴ׵棬ô޹⣬οⱾǴҪΪ׼һϷ
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ͬʱһӿ֣ħԴԴӿֳҹϣħŲƳȥǼħ߽ȹ̣ɱɴħߡǽǹɰķ֮طȡŲƳȥܿڽɽͼ£ħƣ˲Ϳʼɢһ˿һ
ðķ֮·Īľͱɽͼɵˡ
ӦųΪħߵΣ˲䱻ס
һʱ䣬ڰеľͷߣ񣬸оһԼвõԤи֡
ôԨѪ̺ҹ֮Ԩ֮֮䣬ˮݣһķȡѹٳħߣһǴħߣΪʲô⽭ɽͼˮ󣬿ѹסɱ䡣
ԾԲԾԨѪΨ۲ܹѹƣӦǴù˽ѹƣѹ˶ãǴףûôĹ˿ĵġ϶̫
ΪʲôҸоֲ̫ԤСĪǻʲô֣ŤתǬɽͼˮȷʵκиӦԡ
ͷУһɫǺܺÿ
ǵļУԨѪһͻ𲽿ٳħߣʱƾħߣԶԴ׷һθȫĹϯ׽չֳҹķâ¶ǾͷߵķצڵԼ䣬ģЩһͲʲôˡ
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Ľɽͼͥˮӵɲˡħ߱͵ĲΣǴٵѹʮٱֹĺ¡
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ϣĿýɽͼһħͱסһͬʱжԴ׵ӡٴη޴ĸı䣬ڴ׾ڣΪУʵڲһֵóԵ顣
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Ż£ȻܿͻȻ䣬ԽɽͼУоŵѪɫ׵ı
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Ԩ֮ãоȻҪȡԨѪ磬һȫµֱͨͨӴͨҹġôô
õУ㲻ô
ΪʲôΪʲôַˣ⻹ǽǵͨףȻ׳۶ӣǿҹ֮Ĳ֮ģ·˽֪û뵽ȻҵĻᣬıѾá
ͷУ۵˼ǵף׳ǵԤ֮⡣
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ΪҹĻ
ʲôҪͨҪʲôѵ׼ֱӷҹ
УҵĹԹԣֱ̫̼ˣ˵ɻʴ´ɱҲҹսڿɻ֮ģԶٶôǲִ֮٣ֻɻ׼ҹŻз
Ҫɱҹô˵ҹУǿаħ֪ǲġ
ɱҹص칦£õʹ£Ǿ֤ԪĻᡣ
һʱ䣬ҡ˸ŸָӵĿ⣬һƬȡ
˭벻еľȻô󣬲Ҫֵħ֣׼ɱҹ֮Узǿٵͷһء׵׵չ¶ڴ׵Ұ׳־


2186 ħ֮
ҹᴩͨħߡͨҹģǽħ֮Ȼֲֻͨͬʵûʲô̫𣬳ǿ˭ռλѡħгҹ֮ҹаħУħ֮ռ㣬ǴסħнԨѪ֮ΣӲٳħ֮ңһǾǴ͵ħ֮˵ȫǴҹУڰľٶ
ⲻˣңɹˡ
⻭棬ܵУ̲סŴͣǲ֮ɫԺУ·һĵĳʵ̫ˡ
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˭ֹ涨ߣܶҹֱӷҹ磬ħ֮ᴩľ룬ֱɱҹ
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һ̣ܣʵʵĸо׵ڲͬģͲǱֱ֣ӽзҪңҾ͸ҷ֣ɱϼҡؼ䣬ûʲôֻ˽Լܷĵ
ΨǸ벻ҵ⡣
ˣһ̣׾еһߡעҪУ²ĥĺۼӽֻҪ˵ҹȻ𣬴׵һ׳١ֱɱҹģͷһ
£ȫһȺͲ֪ʲô֡
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ǽʮħɱɴħߵķ֮ݱڵľħ֮ħ֮һγɣȻֳһ򳡡
ħ֮һγɣͬǲתġ
̣޷ڣ޷ĥֻѹԴݻ١
ܺãҹȻҴ׾͸ɱ
п׵ͷֱ˵ͽѹħߣħ֮
¼䣬ȻͿƳϿգȻ䣬ƾճ֡һڣɢ޾ħ⣬һãݳ֮һŹ죬޷ԤϢ
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дľβħ׺ħݴϯда飬ӹɱĻ꣬ľż飬ȵȡ
ЩͽгֺҲ׷̤ϲʺţ˳һ⣬ٳħ֮λñȥͬʱҲٴĲʺţŴʮͶŹȥͶŵλãȻħֵ߳λá
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ͽĸ۳ͽսϣԺ޼ɣ䵱ǿڻҾţ˵Ǵɱ¾ľšݻһеˡЩͽֻؼ֮ͿԴԴϵٶ࣬Ҳ˿ʹ
ֻҪͽڣٻ޾ͽ

пٴ³һʱͿǼŸ֡
һֳͨѪɫ·Ѫ͵šϣֳͼĿ׶ޱȵѪޣ޵Ѫɲ
иߴͣݵĻƽʿԴԴϵӿƷʹ֮ɱ
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ͽ֮ǰڴ׽ͥʱսϣںϼ𶥼ﵽ֤εѪޣƽʿƷʹγɵģͽγɱԴڣͿԴԴϵͽѪѪޣǻƽʿƷʹз
ͽͬʱתؼ亣֮ԴԴϵͽħħ֮
ܿЩħУոճħ漴ͱͽ½סײһ𣬶ʱΧħڷҵĴսЩħ֮ͽǲϵӿȥȴûѡֱɱҹȽħ֮ȫ׵ռס˵Ҫħ֮սĴӪ
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ҲҪܱ߽ңԽǶңɷԽŨħγɵٶȾͻ졣
˷ģЩ飬Ǿͷó飬һ˿ˣһô˺ҹʧġλͬ˵
ҪǻãǻǾͷ

ҹ硣
ܿҹУԺڰΪУ嫵ؼ䣬һööССǳ鲼գΧź嫵ҹ½תã켣Ī⡣
ÿһöǳһ޴硣
Щ磬ҹ½ԣȫֵһᣬҹ½ϿҵʮѪ£ÿһѪ£һޱߵĴǧ磬ÿһΪҹṩԴԴϵ
֮۳ıԴ硣
ϲŭ˼־⡣
ʮ֮ҹ۳ʮѪ¡Ҳʮħ
Ѫм䣬һ޴ҹħ
ħУӵһųıΨдﵽ֤εħ񣬲ħУӵһԼλңˣλֻᰵʧڣħеıһۿȥֻвϰţкܶѾֳ֮ɫкܶ࣬ǹâתɢܸܵλˣɴڣɻš
ħλǴϵ£ͬһ㣬λԽߣȻʵԽǿλԽǿ
˵һű˸Ĺâҫ
棬ű
㣬ʮűʮűҹʮħλÿһΪߴبżĴڡ
ڣʮűϣֻһ棬һӰǺȻһŸֳħͼıǴ֮Ѫµħаס
صħУֻ濴һֻа֡·עԼꡣ
棬ϣѾһħ֮еħ
ǵĴڣħԵ쳣Ŀֲ¡
ݴӾͷдݳϢڴ׿ħ߲⣬ûдﵽԤڵĵزңô׽˿ٳħ֮ǾŸҹꡣ񣬻λáһ׳֣ȻǱƻ£ҹ֡
аױ˵ͷѾڻ̽ħ֮ʱ䣬ڱֻһҪֻҪħ֮ڸħ񣬱ѹͬʱлᣬռħ֮ɱ㡣㲻ܣҲҪôħ֮ΧҪ򣬾Ҫɱҹô֪ҹ֮УҲҪҴһ档
Уڵı¶־
ħ֮ĳ֣һֳ裬ôɱ޷ƵĻǶͲǾͷߣҹҪѹңҪǿƵ̬ѹǷסħ֮
վǻҹҹս͸ɱҹǿ벻ֻ̣ҪȷеϢƾǵʵԵһʱ귽λʱǳȷš
һħЦ˵
壬ҹУȻڶ࣬ɽ纣޿ɹƣɲСеӢۿɳɾħ񣬶ңʼĸʣҹУռһ벽ıλߣսϵӣȷš
һף죬ֻϧͷ߶һȺô꣬ûоɱС
һȫǽħһм˵
Ȼмžۻ󣬺ܿ죬ϢٶȴݿҹпϮϢԲ˼ٶɢ
֮ҹһƬȻ
аħŭ
һǳϣħ졣
ֽҪ׵ĻνԴԴϡ
ʱ̣Ȼţһ¹ȥ
ͻȻ䣬ӾͷдһϢ
ͥڵǲڼᣬǿ߻ۣǰһħ֮
ѶϢһ֡
ʱҹг׾


2191 ã
ݿɿϢ󣬴׽ǲҹȫҽ䱸һо֮ģսʿǲȥѲܣһ˿һĶܷŹֻҪħֵ֮ټҽϢɢȥһΣһҪһݴ񣬺úûӭһǣ֪ʲôҹ顣
ȫֻҪħ֮ǾͱһʱҳǵλãħдֻҪҵħֻ֮Ҫѹ㣬ɱԽǿߴȡĽԽࡣǻ֤ĻԵҪǵУԺɻڴͲ롣
ҹ콾ǣȫԲܱȥһΣ˵ʲôҲҪһ̵Ľѵ
ҹ磬ڵõ׼ȷϢͿʼ׼
ǳУҹ彫ǲȥһֻֻ޴ħΣϬעܱߵһб仯˿ķ紵ݶһʱ䲶׽
Ӳǵ۾
ħһ壬ֳһֻֻħۣ鲼ķܵһб仯
һεѹ֣ÿһСҹΪ˶⶯Աνƺƴ󣬲֪ҹ콾Ħȭƣ׼Ŀ󣬸һʹѵô֪ҹɲ˭ǰֵġ֣Ҫʹ۵ġ
һǵȴħ֮һ̡
ȻʱȻš
һ죬ҹ޶
ڶ죬ҹ֮Уɻû쳣壬֮ģ¡񾭶ѾĽģһб仯˲ͻᱬ
죬ҹţĵȴħ֮Ȼһ죬ɺ쳣
ԾͷдϢ
ײû׼ǵǲھһҹϰ񣬴׸ţ׷׷ؾս磬ɻУعɹһ糣
쵰

Ĵףʲôϰʱ˵ϰֱд̫
ҹǿߣ콾ĵµͨУɽ飬ɽѣӵķйеŭʲôҹ߽ŵĵȴķѵԴεӴ˵һϰˣʲôſϷ
ǽǵˣ
Ужھͷŭˡ
һȺҷķֱһȺеķ

ɹ֮ڡ
һΪɹĹڣֻһȣӺ濴䱳ӰħģơһɫװϣԽӵĳгһʡٿ棬һԷ֮գȴƮȻɣʥޱȡ·˲¡
ħģɰա
ںϴһȴ覴áֳһҪǿ
崿ȻںһǲЧġ
ŮǱˣҹ콾ħʥŮ
ھͷǵı£ħʥŮ֮ǰѾȡĳңļ䣬׷ӡֻһ۸ĵټ䡣ӱϿһûУŴռڽȻȻĳΪµѡУӱòԼˣһȺŮУνǳ͡ȻȻŮУ˳ɹ
ҲкȻĳңңΪֹѾСĸƾӹɹУλɲ͡ƽʱҲǾڹޡ
Ȼǳ谮мӡ
ò˵ɹڵʱȥɹ棬ֶصʳѤķΣܶϡŹֵƷȫ򿪲һ硣
ӣˣֻ£ͳУ顣
ħʥŮҲһӣõУ޷԰ΡǰʱõԾͷߵϢȴһӾѣӡļ俪ʼգĿġ
־£˵ʵڣħʥŮҲһ˿Īã
վǱռϷ磬ףҹǿ֮֮磬ǿνоģҲֻߡ
֮ǰϢųȥġ
ڿϢųȥЩ̫ˡֻһϰҹǱûз£ֻ»һ龪
ε鷳ˣħ֮ÿһͨҹҪȷʱ䣬£ϰΣֻҹǱߣڵܲˡ
΢΢üԳ
ǣһκ춯ǱȻҪϢȥġǲҪ֣ȴ޷ԵĿ϶Ȩҹڴס
ѵǴ̽ҹǾãڴУаӵĴڡ
Ժвתͷ
ɻʱּǰĹޡ
ʱǰּ
Ǳһˡ
йâһѯʵ
һˣһͬõּ⡣
̿ڻشɫмӣֱӡ
л
׵ͷ˵
һǴ޺ãһε

ˣֹȥһ¡
ٴοʼһܴӸػɳǣȻ󣬰߲ʺ⣬һħ֮ƿնȥ
ͬʱҹҲһʱõϢ
εõϢûд⣬ٴοʼܹĵĽ׼׼ӦԴ׵ĹһãĶ֣ǿУӶΪҲǰڴһϰһΣȫпġҹǿߣеڴǿҡԽӵĳ
һ˫˫۾϶Ÿҹٴαֽѹֵգһγ֡
ֻǣȥ
ȴ֣ħ֮˵һëûУӰӶûС
ǱٴδϢͬһԤݣǴھۼܣ˳ħ֮ҹֵʱ䣬ڣȫˡ
һΣҹУƢٺõ콾ܣҲ̲סƿڴ
ΣѾˡ
ȫǽǵһˣ
ֱǧʯҿĸоֱͲһ⡣
һ仰̬Ѿʼˡ
ͷиһƬҹħֱӷŻͷ߾β趼ϵã԰ݡ
쵰׵ҪʲôÿʦڣȴƫƫȥǵǽȥΪʲôҪⲻǺ𡣡
Уû뵽㾹ȻģֱһС󱲡˵СôȥءΪʲôҪңˣˣصҹӲŰ³
ͷҪˣһĿͥǽһԹ
ʹޣȴ޿κΡ
ףΪУǾ
һ㣬Ǿ֤ʵ
еϡ
ֹȥ¡
һΣٴγֱ仯
ۣħ֮
ϢٴδݵҹУһΣҹõϢڵĻһ¾Ϳʼ


2192 
ûֱ꣬һȺ쵰׵ĵʹ㣬ÿζǹǰֱǵСһͥɵǶûУ֮ȫΣҽ䱸ֻҪħ֮ҺݺݵĴڶҪǲйȥǻʹ죬ʵ̫ˣ̫ʹˡҪʮ
ҹһŭǽӶЩЩǣսغ棬βˬ׼ĻҪ׼ôҪô
бһŭ
ܶǿߣ۾Ǻġ
ҹУ嶼ɱ¾Ϊ֣ǿΪǿʳΨһķڹǺսɱģƢͲʲôܺãĵϷеĻ棬͡
ҹеգбЩѹ֡
·ɽĸо
鶼õͳ
תŵĵȴ
ֻǣȵϢһ񣬴׸ٴηأֻһͨԤݡ
һ£ҹ˲䷢ҡ
޷ŭǿߣ׷ԭȵĶִУֹ֣Ĵ֪ҹǿߣ䣬һ죬ɷѪ⣬ءÿһöǳ·Ѫɫ
ǲҹ콾ǵԻҪĥĥɲУĵģǸոտʼѡʱеǣҿ档
ڵĽУаһѪƣһȻĿҹɱ¾붯ңҹйŭľͬһϷ
ţڷйҹʧԲ
ԴˣȻϲּ
Ȼħ֮ûн٣ɵӰ죬ȴʵʵڵģõĽ
ңⲻǸոտʼѡ
ʵҲˣ¹ȥǱٴδݳϢиţٴαһħ֮һΣҹõϢ󣬲òٴοʼ߾裬ӦֻǣУܶ£Եò֮ǰôģжһ˿иϾӶϢеʼĥ
пʼ϶ⲻһԤݶѣֻһ龪Ͳɱҹ֮У״ӹǺҹģ֪ɱҹҲѡ׹
ơ
漴Ĵ쾯ħ֮ûг׹ᴩǼٵġ
һΣҹܵȻظҡ
·Ѿϰˡ
ԺʶĸֳһͷǾǴ׸ҹ֮ԸɱҹսȫΪҹսܵѹƣ˫޷Ͷ붥սԣŲ£ҳɱǰֱӹҹǾͲܵѹƣǻҹӿµӭͷʹ
ײҡ
׾Ǹ˰
ҹܶԺڽγɵһӡ󣬶ңӡʱƣϱøٹ̡
󣬵ڶ£һγϢ
һΣҹͬʼӦֻǣڸ־ٶԱ֮ģһȣֹȫһֿϷ״̬
ţ룬ûй
Ϸ
һΣ
Σ
Σ

һʱ䡣
̣ʱ£̵ģһΡһУ˲¶ʮֵľɶƣһ浶ǹΪûС·ǰڳһֵӣҹҲȥģǾϷ
ľٶҹУЩϰΪ
ÿϢܳȥĴѲһȻٻȥʲôʲô
ôȥħֵ֮顣ԵòΪȻ
ϰߡ
ϰһֺܿµĶ
ϰĳͻӰһ
õϰߣ
ϰߣҲẦԼһ
ϰĳЩҪʲôλǾһӶͬλá
ϰҪȲ裬ǾһӶȲ衣
ҹѾʼϰ˴ħ֮顣Ѿʼϰ߳Ȼ
⣬ǴҪ顣
һϰߣһ൱Ḷ́ԺܳҲԺ̣ܶʱϣ㹻ʱжڴɹУħ֮ڵλã
ô
ĸԴɻѯʵ
ҹУɲߣħһߣһֱҹǻıʿĴڣֻ£ľٶЩҹߡ˵˷ֶԴ״һ
Щпܵġ
Ǳҹ߶ϤΣҹ磬̫Ӵӵеǳ磬ҹ½ޱߣֻǱøӵϰߣϰߣǿҾƵġߣҲŤתҹϰߡڴǰߣҲ޷Ӱ쵽Ĵ֡
еȻһЦ
һľٶǴıʿĲԣ˵ˣʵܼ򵥣ҪͨһδٵĽҹУӰϰ߳Ȼԣ׽͵͡
ߣ˶ߡ
ߵĻҲ˭һС
ҪõĽ˵Ч
ңⲢֻˣٵĽټ٣ټ棬˭˵
ɹҹߣԷ˭Ϊʲôڶ˵ˣɹ̫ΣաλЩǣһв
˵
޷һжΪƿ֮Уɹ֮ڣκ飬οҪȥϢ˵ɹݣǴ׵֮һҹΣɹУλãݵֻҪ̫֣һж˵
еȻһЦûб˭ҹӡ
Щ飬֪ͿԣûбҪŮ֮䣬϶ĤƽʱദɣģȻš
ľٴ룬Ҫʩչá
ĸѯʵ
ٵȵȡ
ƽ˵
ʱ䣬ڴͥ˵Ѿ⣬ңҪʱøǿÿһ죬׶ڱǿħɵӰ죬ڴ׾ڣ˼£ʣ˿ûгѷļ󡣶ܱ߽ȫصĲȻͬľ
ϳ֣ܶطʳѾòٳ㡣
ڻҰеݣڼʹ£ʼϿ񱩣ۼأɱ¾ڲϳ֣ʼȵľ棬ƺʼʧصķ
ƣѾԽԽˡ
ƶ񤣬˲䣬׾Ϳʼ͹Գ
ڳʣԴԴϵԴܱ
ڶԣÿ춼вմܱ߽նгϳû˿ڡҲȥڴ׵Ĵ˵
ʱȻš
֪УѾȥꡣ
һ³塣
У紫ݳϢﵽϰٴΡ
һ죬һȺسٴһ֪еڡ
лӴȺ³һˣʱѾ죬Կʼ򿪵һħ֮ҹ;λ䣬ɷ׼á


2193 
ʱѾˡϰٴεҹӰʮ־޴ĳ£Ѿʼϰ߳ȻڴɹаӣڣӴݳȥ鱨̶ܴϣѾòôӡ·ϰΪĴ󽵵ͣȫһи״̬С
Լǣʱ䲻𹥣ֻҪǰͰ࣬𹥱湥ȻһЧʩ֮ҹɵƻԴﵽԤڵЧ
µȻһЦ
飬ҪҹţҪҹĴһֶԵ£һѣиǱȻġ
ҪģĿġ
꣬ʱѾˡ
ʱչֳʵˡ
΢ҲҪҹĿǴ״ٺ󣬻ʲôı顣
ЦǺǵ˵
׼ھͿһܷȡյĳɹ
ţ֪ͨҴλܹ׼ǰһħ֮Աһվɡ
ƽ˵
ɲֻϷѣÿǰħ֮ǲǰǺܶǿߣֱפħ֮ڡħ֮УǾһ޴ģ嫵Ķսռ䡣ԴʣĴǿսˡ
׼Ѿꡣ
ÿιȥ󣬶һʿפħ֮ڡټԴԴϵͽͻڣΪֹͽڲֹսǿսݣҲħ֮ڴ൱˵һħ֮ڣѾһսݡ
ÿսϣװŸָսʱΪս׼Ĵɱ
дܼǿߣ͸һδУǱħ֮ڡһֱĬĬȴʱ׼ɱҹ֪ܶɱҹĴǿߣ͸״Э飬Ĭڰ׼ħ֮ڣǱǿߣϰλ֪ڽҹ£εȵӡ
עҪʷһս
УǱȻʷȥĪĺô
ʥսңױʤ
Ⱥͬķ
ܿ죬սУٴοʼᣬʺţƺƵĳһħ֮ȥǻ棬ڣֱչǰ
ɹڣħʥŮĿã̲ס΢΢򴽣ϴһ˿ɬ૵ˣҵλҪʲôľٶʵЩ̫ǰ˽⵽ģͬľٶȴþͷߺҹǱߣƣڱڶֻ³Ϊҹ콾еĳˣҪޱŭҺúõһλ콾ȴⲻˡ°
ɫ䣬һӡ
ھͲ֪УΪˡ
ϢݹȥԤҹһԹӵӴԺ˵Ļ˺ھͷж൱ĲÿεõϢ󣬾ͷжľᣬҹǲȥ⵱һ⡣
ڣҲȷʵˡ
ͷС
ǾŸۼһ𣬿ǰһС̳Ϸŵܼһ϶ӿֳԵɬһܴ⡣
ʵ̫ҿֱڴ֮⣬ħߣҹֱ⣬Դ׷𹥻ôͷĸһ𹥣ٺõƢҲ̲ˡ
۷ߡ
ˣ׾ûͣ˭ǾͷߡֱдĻڷ
ô죬ϢҪҪͻȥ
ۿЦ˵
ͣҪ͵ģҪȻȵͣͻȥʱעкܴܣǴһ𹥶ѡ˵ǰ뷵أϢôȥٰҹǱߵָͻȻ˵һ顣
⻰һ˶۾һ
ǲǲͣԴһʱ˵ǰܵõʱ򣬽Ϣȥܵ𷣣йһŤתǾͷЩΪӰ졣
ô൱ࡣ
ǰǣ׼ȷԤ⵽εսԸȻԴϲҹٴ󶯸ɸ꣬ðλһжôãǴˣǾٲ
ֿУǶʶĺˡ
ǲãԼôù֮һĿԡ
Ǿǲܵġ
ܿ죬Ǿȷ
ôɡ


һħ֮
ܿħ֮⣬ԲǧնֳһƬŤ״̬·ʱƬУڻ״̬ħ֮Ӱ졣ңʱմң򡣿˵ÿħ֮⣬ȻûֶΣ޷ħ֮ġ
߶߲ȥ
˿̣ȴһ߲ʺֱӻգû뵽֮ڣҵʱգûκӰ졣׾ʹȥû뵽ħ֮ڡ
ǲʺš
ܿź⣬ʿħ֮ڲ̽ۿȥ⾮ڣһƬ嫵Ŀռ䣬޾ʱշ籩һ޴սݣÿһɱڣɷ糱
֮Уۡ
ţ
ͽ̾սڡ
е˵ĳ֣з׷¶֮ɫ
Ѿ֪콫ᷢʲô顣
⽫ҹҹһ졣
λѣλʿ
̤գºȻǾսϻսѾƾո֣һս֣ɢ޾ѹϱʯ˸ƺӳչ¶ԣ޾ϣϯķһĿ⣬һ
ԹҹϮݣ಻ԡȻ򣬱ɻʴӲã㣬Ӧý֣ܻƻҴףûֻ򲻻ֵϰߡҹħߣħ֮ҹַҴףǱɻʾ͸ɱҹҴһ֮Ѫҹٱǧ
ɱһˣ֮ǧˣһǣǾһǳ
֮Уų򡣡
㣬
ף
һһ䣬ÿһʿϵս⣬糱ˮӿ֡
ɱɱɱ
ҹ
ʿź
ˣ
ֻʼһѪ⣬һսĽʿϰŹ鳣ôսϣÿһͬƺսĽ֮ɱ֮һĨѪɫƺԤʾǰ·Ѫɱ¾Ѫġսģʱƣ׻۳һ塣
أ
鴵սŽǣãĺŽƺһػԶç֮У̲ס֮Ȼ
ϰսͬʱǰʼƿմ
һ̣ʽҹ
սսս
޹ս췢ս
һսڣʿսⰺ׷Ӧ
ΪģΪĹѪ;
аħףҹԹŲ衣
ͷɶϣѪһսݣ
ոֵʮţҹĲݡ
սƿգżĹĵ㣬ãĺŽһսħ֮Ʈһγ˭֪ܻ̤ܲ·овҹĲ鷵ľġ


2194 ǳ
ΪսҹҲмֵעǵ֣ʷ֮ϡ飬ǲη塣ڴһսڴ̫ˡУʱ޿̲Žҹ
һ̣Ųãս衣һսͬʱǰƿա
ܿħ֮Уֳһֿµ״̬ʼڲϵתţĿ£һƬ޵Ԩס
ֻ̤ȥܿħ֮ڣ⣬ɫⲻϱ任ֿµͨŤңÿ񱩡ÿʱỵ̈з籩ϯʵĻ˲ͻᱻеĹ顣˺Ƭ
ռжݳһǿѹȡ
··ųһһȥͷ·ǽ뵽ճ֮УǴ粽Уһ龳ΪĻУǾٲά衣ǰС
ڣħ֮˳֮֡ͨҹʱǴ˳У˳ˮۣҪܵѹԴУѹͻʮ־޴ͬСҪȻףҪгǾǰٱǧѡ
οЯսݶ
дȫǴפսУս;ǿķУˮʦʦսϣ¸ָķ󷨣֤ܼ󣬸绢սĸ죬øӵ˳
Ҫ֪÷󷨷ˮ֤֮ܿɲ
μеģкüλ
磺߾ǧɢˡˮǴ˵֡
սϲõ󷨣ȻӾ˸񣬾֤ǿߣҲױսݣǻԪǿߣԵֵʱ䡣Ҫݻ٣ϼѡ
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ʱУٶɲԽԽ졣
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֪УѾħ֮ľͷھͷȻܿһڵĴǰ赲סȥ·
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ĿãֻǾվһ󣬾Ϳһʵʵİצƾճ֣ϵϢֱӽܱѹƣռ䶼·Ťһɷ֮ǿ˺ѡ
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ңǵ۵ͨͼ
۱ͼӵеıͨǱ޾жߣܱսжǿ

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ħȻǿᣬ԰צĵ۵֤֮£ԪĿµΰջ޷ֵ벻򿪶ѡ
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ڶλãȻܿһֻֻ޴ĳ岻Щ壬˶гף׿ǿͬһ޴©ܴʣڣװǴĿʯЩʯֳɫ·ǻƽһ㣬ȴǻƽ״ͬ䳲һ㣬һʮıġؽ
ֱģƸָĶֻҪʱһ㣬Ʒʴиǿط׽幦ħ壬
κУǼΪսʡ
ȴһѶѵĶѻһγһСɽ
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2195 ĢС
ʲôսݣսݡ
ãǾħ֮ôûϢݹħ֮Ǳߣһ϶жģ֮ǰȴһϢûУⲻܣȺͷǸʲôԵģһȺͰ𡣼ֱǸΪʲôôɣħ֮ĳڣǷǳС
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£ӵкܶ඼ǳеͷǿߣ̧ۿա
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Ģʼɢǿҵң˲ͱޱȿ񱩣ҡĢ棬ų貵⣬ںҹУԿЩĢǧߵĴһ
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Ģʵ̫׳ˣ⻭棬ñ̲סĳȣҪ߸һ
һֻ̹̻צӷһײϵĲֱӳսݵĳǽϡ
ãȫ׼
Žʿɫһ䣬һȻ붼롣ԼȲ˵ԼĶסҪġ
ĢСһСѾֺ߱ɽڡ
һ𣬶ʱ˾ͷ·𿴵սϣͻȻһλСŴսϻıţɼĢǽһϲ
ǣ⻭ǰľԱȡ
һӾͲ˵ķ
ñɱսһӳһЩϡŹֵĶ
Ģըʢ֮УĢ
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2196 ҹŭ
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ڶֱ֣ԷΪսϽ׵ıճǣսϣսһڴ׵֮أһӴϸ⣬ս
֣յ룬ǣܱϰٿǳ磬ǿչյ롣ǲֶΣϴħ֮֮ϵ׽ض·ֻҪмƣʤսͷԣͱȻмơ
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2197 
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Уɱ㣬Ϊҹȥһ
ħܣΪ
Ϊħ̫϶ϡ
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ʥֺ漴ͳȳֵǿھ޴Ķħķ𹥻צ·ҽǰ㣬Ŷħ˺Ѷһץ˹һצɲͨצ̽צ֮УɢһŨ⡣̽צ֮䣬һֲɶ޴ɲصĸо
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ܹͨӵ£ʩչսǡôңԽսȫķӳǳԽ޵ı
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գۼ䣬ͷѳһϸСᡣÿһ֧ᣬ·ħΪħ˲䣬ϵתһ޴Ľ籩֮£ʥȫڡ
ʥڸոյĽУҲܵˣһƬƬ۱飬һ˿ѡɹʥ;ǿ֮֮תܿͻָ
Է籩ӿ񱩡

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ħһĨɫء
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һֺ֮ͬǰĹʥһֱӻΪʮɾ޴ڿն籩
Ȼ̺ŰֲͬķԴ֮չֳҲԵýȻͬ
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䲻ӲԱΪۣݻ籩鶼ѣУ˺Ƭ׵Ĩɱؼ䡣


2199 ʱս
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ڸҹĿ£һεѣ¶ޱȵķŭ֮ɫ
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ҹУǵսνռƣǿߣ󣬾֤ĻԪһƫƫǰһ֮£ͱ򱬣鶼ûѣǳ׵׵ײսȻ˾
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ģȻҹսڰڣܿգԵ쳣䣬ͷ·𿴵ޱߵĺڰһ㣬ķһСɢɱ֤ڹУ·߳ص
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ֻϰսϣһռѾڿȫ׼ЩҹսڹϣѾ貵ɫ⡣
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2200 Ѫ
ڰڣţҹһͬķܼ⣬ٴγ֣ⲻײҵĺֱ֮þеգøӵĴңʱƬи֣ƬڻУ飬ԭȵĴСɸСƬ
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ڿɲûд۵ģһ죬ƽǻڷ֮УӲҪ˵неĴڣĵԴֻӵ޷һչ£ѡ֣ʲôΪ顣
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һƮȻɣңȻׯһ̤ҹһ¶һĨ΢ЦţΪһֻֻɫĺһöʱƬ裬Сգۼ䣬Ѿʧ
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ׯܣͨׯӵıͨΡУԻǣֻҪҲڣԶ޷룬Ȼ޷ѣս٣ң˯ɡֻҪ粻һȥͺ
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ҪǣʱƬڽʱĵѾʱƬںϡʱƬΪڡ硣УϵףһĴڡκ飬УȾͻһν棬Է޷ѳׯ֮棬ͻᱻεĵǣɱĹ⡣
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൱£һѹƣǱɱΣԼ֪Լ˭Уֻ䡣
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һѪħ̤ɨһ۴ⷽһΪһѪ⣬ûһհ׵ʱƬУƬԼٶȣȾѪɫ
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һЦһƣһݣΪһ⣬ûһöʱƬ֮С
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ֻһӰս̤ɢϢֱӴﵽֶ֤صѹ糱ˮķû뵽һööʱƬСĵʱƬ
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ǿûбսĵһжǿҵţһսɱԵĶսͬУҹռƣǾԲԴ׵Ⱥǿߣ˿η塣
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һս֮£ɱͥȫ߲սܳɹױȻشҹ
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ÿһ䣬кĴ䡣
ƬдܵĽ֣ħ֮ڣ糱󣬿νǽϡ

֪ȥãһöʱƬУſĴЦһֻĿаƬ̤кȻһͷ­ͷ­ϵı飬ܸܵһַŭ벻ʡ
վǱǿվֻһȺƾǣҲ뷭
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Ȼһ룬ץеͷ­ȻըУһĿһ̳ըһɿֲ˲佫а֣У·̺ױȵľ綾ڵаڣŭŭ
춾ʥĸԶ֤֮һ綾ʮְԵû뵽˸ңɣı̳һԱһа滯
һ۵˳ߣɫп˵


2201 ͨ
壬춾ѣɣҲǧţҴ֮УӢӢ걮ʱ򣬹ݣţǾʹ䣬ݣ޾֮£ɿʱճйӢ֮壬ĲԼȴǲؼԴӡо𡣡һ˵
׻Ųٵƽδ٣Ϊ˵ȵҪʱٽжáʱҲб޻
Ӣռһ챦棬ԽӢ걮ڱ֣𣬵õ룬ȡϿɣգܻ۳Ӣ֮һۣͬһɣ䱾ϣתֻˣӢ֮֮û̫ϵֻһһӡ
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ҹսעҪʿǴǿߣ֤Ĵ䣬Ϊһֳ£һӢͱбҪˡڱҪʱ򣬿ԳΪһĵ̡
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ݺ˵һ򳼷׵ĻǹͣݺһٳǴף˷Ҳпܣܻȡ޿ɵĹѫ
ݺҵĶڴ׵Ĭ֮ڡ
Ҳ֪ģͳһּɵ̬ȡܳȻٺòܳɣҲ˴šݺѧӣѧãһٶá

зص;С
УѾκˡ
ɹڣħʥŮеյڵϣˤķѣһϣֳһĨŵı顣
ôʶ૵
ܣôһεΪʲôǰϰٴζǼٵģȴģƫƫǻûн鱨ݻȥˣȫˡ
ͷУǾŸһ϶¶ǿҵľ֮ɫ඼ڲϵĲоˣó׵޹⡣
˵¶Ҫһ
ǺΪ֮ɡ
аɨһۣһ˿鶼ûС
һľͷߣа


2202 ׷Ӧ
ҹΪ鱨ϵԭֱһҪԴǣ׵Ĵһ䣬Ҫǣҹ𣬴ɨ棬޹⡣һڳȻͷˡ
ҪħʥŮѾݳϢǾͷʱѹȥҪȹһͳˣջǾͷڳ˴
һеΣҪѹھͷϡ
ܺòй
пһ
аȥ
¶һĨ֮ɫλֵܣһΣǷ´Ҫǲ취ֲĻֻ£Ǽ˭ʲôýڣ˵һ˵ֲ
׽ͥӵѪ⣬ڲۼ⣬ǣͬͰһ㣬ǵˮ©ڴ׾ڣҪʲôıȵ컹ѡаӣȴٵĿѾıʩչıƣѱһħ֮飬ǰ֮жҪܿס
ۿЦ˵
Դףһκôûֵζֻǲ֪
ǱתĿ꣬ƶԡħѾʼˣǾͷʩչֶεʱԲ״δزһõѡܽ¸ĹͣҹǱߣЩѫķϣҲݵǡ
Ҳͷʾͬ
˵ֱܲͶס
ͻȻ䣬йâ˸׵˵һ仰
仰һڣһƬžһ˫˫ֱںϡΧƺҪ̡
ۣ˵ʲôջȥ
۶Ȼǳ
ͷ򲻿СǣǵôοսҹʼռϷ磬Ϊ磬ҹǰΪʤŤתôɱһ֮ǧ֮ޡ
Ҳֹ
ΣյͷôܹУҪѱ飬ͷ߶ᱻҹĨɱҹɴ֮ޱȣڱߣֶΣԻᳬĲ̡
ˣҵ˼ǣȻⲿ͸ˣǾȥڲʼ͸вɵ磬ս𣬹ҹ֮¡ҾӻˣҲѡ㣬ѡҹҵ˼Ǵ׿𹥣ǿթȻΪ⣬ΣվеǾŸ˭֪ѱ䣬ҪĽһѱ䡣ֻҲпȡô׵Ρ㲻ܣҵͶϣҲҪǲΣֻҪ֮ܽУһֳɹ
йâ˸
ȴǴȻһֵ֮ϡ
˶ʱĬϳ˼
ⲿǾʹڲʴʱһ·ͬһͻȻͬĽⲿˮ©ˮòڲȴδزܡ
ǰǣܹ뵽׵֮ڡ
ֻǳɹĿԲߡ
۳˵
Ҳ˭
۶Ȼ˵
ãȻˣǻԳһеϣȫ档ҲҪʼжħ֮ʱʱң硣
еЩ˳˳˳Ҫֻڵֿħ֣ħֵƻøǿһΣǾͷֳĿ꣬ʱ֪ǾͷҲǳصġ
۹ϵ˵
۵һ򣬿ɾԲȫΪ̣ϲܷһ

С
Уħ֮ûãȻ͸ֳһ档
ħ֮ĢڷŵĻ档ħ֮ڣһаץʥĸͷ­ȴͷ­вд鷢һ鱾̳һͬĻ档
⻭棬ֻҪףЩʲô
׿ħ֮ѾҹñңѾҹչս춾ʥĸ֤ܶˣԱΪۣһҹаһͬ䡣ǿɾ̾
ʥͥУһ˫䣬˸κյĻ棬Ҳڵķ
ڴףǸ߲ʣ޷׷ϣֻʤվʱķ϶ѡ
زңе˲ŴҲ٣Ѿҵֲ˿ڲİ취õһʮıΪԸıڷΧڵʱ١
ڲϧһд۽鱦κƿʱٵ͸Ӿˡ
Ȼʱ٣ֻһķΧڽУӰ쵽硣˵鱦顣ȴԸıСǧʱ١
СǧΪӣʱټӿǧҲ˵һ꣬ɹƿصСǧУͻȹǧꡣ٣ԿԳƵ൱ֲ
ʱ䣬ͿٷܳСӲҪ˵ǧꡣǧǺεʱ䣬ǧϢ˿ڻᷢըԵ
ҪҵСǧ磬вѡںܶУؾЩؾڣؾԵĶԿǶ硣ͳĽУȻؾңҵһʺ深ܵؾؾ
ؾֻ̫Сǧ硣ȴط֣ʺ鷱ܡ
ڵõͽؾУٿؾʱ䡣ѸٵգؾСǲеĹԱٽפС
ȥ˿ʮڣŮ롣
кʳʡС
ʱ̫죬Ҫõ˿ڣҪԴʳʣǲаȱ١
ҪǣؾʱûյħֵӰ죬˿ڽȥҪϢҪؾнֳ㹻ʳѾʼħֵϮũҵ̽飬ѾǱȻңַȲС׼·ʳѾü޵Ĵ¡
ؾǴصһơ
ؾڣѾΪһܡ
֪ģָ
䰲ɱǰͥɻʵݽ飬ħ֮ǰߣҹ
󣬶Ȼ´һּ⡣
ħ֮һԪҲǷҹĵһսΡҲܸ˺ôҪչ¶ڴصķâôֵ飬˴ء
ҪȻʧɫ
ɱֻ࣬а򣬿ȴȫʬɽѪɱ¾ڴУҲһ֧֣ҪĴ

ڴʥͥУһ
ȥȸͥǰħ֮

ʥͥУ
̫ʦħǰֵͥҹ

˳УϵĴּ⡣һսԥѡ֣״ûпԮΪһԱΪһκһų
οսõĺôδؾͻ١
ˣҲˡ


2203 
УȻûǲҲ׷׽һ֤εĴǿǲȥǰ岻ͬпֹܲ˼֮ģɴǿȴ˼Щħ֮Ǿҹ֮Ľ棬κζԹҪ£ǰѾ˽ġǲܣֻҪսȫпܻȡĹ£Թ´֤ԪǶǿ޵ջ
˭
ЩսĴܣ岻ͬͥܳ
Ǵ֮£޷ֵңгޣһߡ
ѪǣǰҴײҹսĴܼǿߣʺţǿǰħ֮
ڷɹҲڵһʱ´ּ⡣
ħ֮٣Ҫô׳ΪҹǰأһͷͬҲܹԴԴϵǿǰֻҪսħ֮ΪҲΪ׳ܹĵ̡
ţûЩ򣬸ƿصĽƿҪƽʱȻûʲôħѾʼӣص£ƿ½һֱʣӰ죬Ҳ᲻ϼӾ硣ٶȻ졣
һʲôңȣ
ֱʣԼѡڣķħ֣ǽħ֮ҹսȡ£֤ԪѡԼģҴףֻ˳ˮ۵飬̸ϳû١
̧ۿգ
صɹûм
뾲Уʼչء
ȣͽͶ
Ȼܿڣڲϼ
һҹǧ缶ǳ嫵ıԴֱñıһ٣Ļ磬ۿɼٶȾͣϵĳűԵشţرݣƽ嫵Ļ籾Դ֮£룬һ磬ֱٵһٱ
죬ɽǴ󣬶˲Ϣ䣬Ӵ£ݻָ컯ҩ챦ɡ
ŵĹУͲǿٵءȻ컯
ǣܽˣۿݱ䣬طת漰εǿ߶ԣĪ컯ԵҲ⡣
ȫڡ
ۿһݱ䡣
ΪĲͬɣÿУкܶ෨ϣΪͬĿ£̡֪Уط򣬸ֱӵķӦǣڸеķ̶ͬȵķı䡣ĸܵøǿ
ϡ
У֮Ũޱȣһͼת
ͼУḥ̂ƿڲ֮СÿһɢޱŨĵϣĸܵһǿҵɱ
Щͨͨ鱦֮䣬ͬԡóһ鱦֤֮۴ͳϣǧڵ۵֮ڡһԿΪ·ϣͼ֮¡
֤֮Ϸ򣬶ˮǴߣÿʱÿ̶Ҳ⡣
˿̣ۿݱ䣬϶ڷ⣬·һo֮ڣһµķһ֮졣
ϸȥڵϣö
Щϣ⣬ڣ·һöö貵ǳ
ɽŮ˫ݣ˲䣬컯֮ϡЩвܾŮ½ѡľٶԭҪŮĴ֮ϡ
ҪȻܿٳ˶ϡ
֮ͳطǧ򣬽Ч񣬺ܶѾʼԵɱ䣬ŸԴķǧһҵɸǿʱ𣬵ᡣ׹㲻ҵĵ
аһͷ
ʵϣҲôģֻҪмѡ㣬ͿϣΪˣܾο;
Ůٶʲô
ǧŰСǧ緽ԲǧСļޣѾˡڴʱ
ڣзǵƬǱԴȫ֮󣬺Ȼܹ磬ѾƵٽıԵ
ֻﲻֻҪķһЩԴọֱ̈̄ӿԽȥ
һƱ̫죬ħѾʼںϵǰѾ٣ұոĵơǺﵽףΪпһͬɱ䡣
ʮʥжС
˵ȥܽܶ
һͨʿôҶܡ
ַӽ̶Էˡ
ȻˣǾͿʼħ飬
һѾϡ
ѡԴȻǿԴԸԣħͬҲԣֻԸڲϹӦɳǣƵ廷ĸ彨ֲķݶħԸ黹Ҫ࣬ҡ棬ȫԳһ֣¯ɢķҲҪȫ죬ȫԽͻƽ
һȻԿģڵħѾԴԴϵӿ֣ںڣڻУӴħ飬ֱڻڣ磬ͺһڻ¯κƷȥᱻԴĻ֮磬š
Уħȫһɽһɽǰ
޷㣬
գۼ䣬Ϳڿš
ͬʱε翪ʼȻϢĴмȡ֮׳УɱḶ́ӵľˡ
ε磬ֻǻļȡ֮ĻᱻϾʵ̫ˣͺһһֻϰѪһпʹоֻҪ̫ƵȡһЩֻ֮˴šЩ꣬ȴһֱûôֻƾε磬Լ֮׳ѡ
ڵһôҲ𵽳䲻⣬ӵĲĹע
飬͵͵ȻãʩչһΣԼڶΡ
ϸˮ
ֻһķΧҲڶá
һ

ʮ

𶯣޾ϼ⣬һƣȻζ·ÿһƣһǷȻȻĴݳ಻Ϣ첻ڸ֡
֪Уڿռ׷ױƽԲǧļ޷Χ
ԲǧѾˡýͻˡ
ͻȻһоһֶصи֡


2204 ǧ׿̵
Բǧ죬ȻɳޱȣҪʱͨ챦ͻʱҪɣԽΨһҪ󣬾ҪͻƣֻҪͻƣǽˮɶѡ
Ѿﵽǧļ޷ΧԲǧ
ʱֻҪһͻƽɱ䡣
һķΧҲн޵ġô׵ġ
ҪַԺԴע磬ֱûͻƣǧ磬֮磬ˮɵͻơ
ʲô׸õĽݾҪ
еȻһЦһ䣬ڵĺѾշ𣬳ɹ֮ϣһ̣ɢϣһ¾Ӧ
ּҪضԣűܵ
ټϣôֱͥӷſڣʱ֮¡
ɹϿգۿɼٶȣһӴĽи֡ڣһ貵׹ⲻ˸ѹѹģһֺѹĸоʮֿɲ
һֻɫ֣··һĨ
ô£ɳǣҴͥĹɹ֮ϣôͻȻֽơ
̧ۿգһ˳Ĺɹ֮ϳֽƣʣɲôߵģй˱ӣ־ٶҪ˵ҪȻǾױ٣մ
ӴĽƣɲڶ֣׽١
ˣ϶λģģûҲȻƣǾͿ϶Ҫ顣￴žС
ĸ̧ۿһۣͲڹעиʲô󶯾̫֡ҹҷˣʲôġ
֮ȣһƶѣȫֵһᡣ
ⶼ¡
¡¡
ֵ򣬱һεڵǿҲ޷д͸ȥ̽顣Ըǿ򣬾;Կ
һ㣬ħʥŮʮǺ뿴飬ɲʲô޷̽һ˿һ
ҵλʲô˲õҪ顣漰٣ĪΪнﵽµĸ߶ȡĳȫµͻơ
ħʥŮ૵
Ȼ棬ȴԼĹУûƶ˿˼
˿̣˿Ļͻῴһͨ˸ɫıڽ֮£еˮͰִĽ׺Ȼڱϣܸ̺ܵ൱£֤ǿߣĽǰͷƤ顣ΪǲֻͨףѾεĽס
һףͻΪһ̫
ɲ
ںϣУֱӴݳһε·һѴڰ㣬̫ɽȥգۼ䣬ûУʧֵĵطȻڻ硣һȥͱɣΪĻ籾Դ֮׳硣
һֻǸտʼѣ漴ͿĽԴԴϵ׹䡣
Ϊָ飬̫ŻߣֲţȵȡһۿȥǵսľЩһ׷ױɽȥת۾ʧ
ûʲô׸õԴ
еЦſеĻ棬־ʱѾ֪ı۳ƣҪһݴȻǹ鱦׶ģҪͻƱݣʵѣɽ½ףһΪԽϴΪѡ
жĹףǿ۵׵ģԲ޶ԡΪеҹΣҹıʹӦÿĴħߣһӱѹƵħߣн˻ᣬ˾ħ֮һƣı䣬ŤתһֱϮľ档
һЩһ׮׮һȫǶĹ¡
ݹ£һֱС
κȻ֪еı
ȴɽ½ףⲻͨĽף̺֮Ľף˵췣췣У̺ƻ̺֮Ӵ̺һĴ컯֮ڱϣ嫵Ľ׸׹⴩Ծ϶Ĵĵơ
ϸȥĻͻ֣ᷢµĽףÿһ̺ȻͬһףڶУ̺ķϢ˲תɻ𣬵ͻΪ
ÿһڱϣһĵۡһۿȥ̲סһͷĿѣĸо·̺޾ĵ
ÿһȥɢϢøӵ¡
Լ䣬ݳ಻Ϣ
ӵѤ貣Ѿɱɲԡʱգ·޷κá
ϴ
Ȼڽǧĵϡ
һɣǧڷ£˼һԪ컯Ϊ̺ǧ򣬲Żؼ䣬в˼λ
¡¡
ڵĻ磬һȥ綼·ʼը˹һҵķһɹɳϫӿƺʱҪ̵ܼرݷһ
ٵȵȡ
Ŀãйâһ૵
һͽӿĻ糱ϫӲѹȥǳƽʱѹֳϫѹԽãѹƵԽãһɵͻԽӵĲ˼顣ֲ¡
һ١
ҹ
ɹϿգϷ
Ŀעȴ˸ǰ̽飬ٶĺҲˡ
һº
Унƣ˲ɢɫ¶һĨڴ֮ɫ
ȴûʧǾעš
¡¡
УڣѹƵĳϫ˲俪ʼһУ֮·һ㣬һһĿʼӿڷڷڡ
ӴϻΪϫ˷ȥ
תۼʹﵽԲǧǧļ޾룬ڴﵽǧǧеıݣһ̶˲ͱƣˡǧ̺ǧĽס̺ĵ̣͵˲òĵز
ǰûʲô᲻ɴݣеֻˮɡ
˲Ϣ䣬ĴСʹﵽԲǧһ
磬ǧ硣
ڽͬʱĻ֮ӻеȥӿʮ硣
磬Ϊ֮ĸ֮컯ĸ
κ˵ױȵƷ󲹣Ĵ󲹡
һעȥͿһǧ׷ͻƣ˷Բǧļޣ˲ͻƵԲǧһľ˴С


2205 ʥ
ͻƵͬʱÿһرԴŷɱ䡣̺طԽӵ£ӵĲ˼顣ߣظɽ˲Ϣɡ
ͬʱܿУÿһ磬ȻȻĸֳһͬʱֳ
ռţͣͨ鱦ն콣ìǹ«Ǭ¯аѪᣬ֮ġԪɫɽˮ֮Ȫۡ顿ۡļִ׳أġ⵶ɽӡ֮ġף졿֮ġͼʱ仳ᦣսǿηʱʣӣ컯ħλõӣƿɱǴƳߡţֻ̡飬סʳгħպŽǣɡɷḥ̂޼שħͼ㱦ƿ
ʮʮ硣
Щͬʱ֡
ڸԿٳ硣գɢ޾⡣
һɹرԴԴԴϳЩȥÿһ챦еۿɼٶȿʼ
ϵϹ⣬Ũ¡ɢϢ֮ǰڱпֱʮ֮һǱ󣬸ոǧ״ϴʱⱾֻʮ֮һĺ·ĸ£һȻȱһӲȫˡʮ֮һɱһ
һȫ鱦첻ںһ𣬷Եɱ䡣
ҪȻҲ޷׳סǧӡ
Ҳջһݺô顣
ȻҲǺ¡ĺôпĵԵõġ
ؼ䣬صϷԴԴϵ뱦Уɵĺ֮һ̣ȫӳЧΪıԴ֧֮ʮɱ䣬۳ǿط
鱦֮鱦Ϊ鱦֮УѾ۳طⷨ򣬾ÿһһڲƵḶ́ɱĹ̡۷ϵĹУգںһγһ첻⡣첻⣬ļ塣
鱦Ľ׶Σ첻ⲢԲֻǴһְʵõ״̬ʱɢΪһۺһ𣬾첻⡣
鱦Ĺ̡
һ첻⳹۳Σ뱾Ϊһ壬ĻΪ첻⡣
ͺñǣһٸɢĴĿӣ׾ͱһ۶ϣһٸӣһҪ۶ϣǾͻޱȵѡ
һָԵɱ䡣
첻ˡ
ȫܿʮϣһķʽۺһ𣬻Ϊһϵ⣬뿪ںһ
ںϵͬʱһӣɢȻ䷢ı䡣
ѹƣʮٱķʽɱ䡣
һ׷׻Ϊ
ңҲɱ䣬
ӵĳСһۿȥܿ޾ķڱáǧڲ֣ϣøӵļ̣񣬾úħײһֻ£ܱὫħ顣ʮǧ̺ΰ
ӲѾѷɫκλ鱦
֪ɱ󣬵ױ仯ж
ˮɡ
ɽһεѹ糱ˮ˷ϯȥɹɳǣ׽Ǵ׽֮⣬ѹǡ֮鶼оһɲɿܵϣ·оĿʥ˽٣òϥݡ
ڣѹֻһš˲һա
ǺܶʿѾڵϣֻ»Ϊոоģֻһһ
ô£˿ֲ֮ѹֱʥһ㡣ѵµʥ˳ˣ˵õĺѾַȥе
֤ԪΪʥ˵ĻӦûŶԣ˭µʥˡ
Уʿ׷¶֮ɫԺУʶľ͸ֳһͷ
֤Ԫ˳ʥ
Ժеһͷ
ʱͻȻ䣬ֻУӿ컨׹ࡣһѪ𣬹ᴩУȻܿһƬ嫵ѪϣһѪɫ۵Ӱ̤ա
һʣԨƺ·һۣܸо˫ĿʹҪϹ
ѪڤӣڤѪ֤Ԫɾʥҵλش˼
䣬ͷ֣ʮƷѪתɱڵսгź⡣֤Ȼһӵĵǻǧһľ衣ںѪѪɱ֮ڤ֮
ڤ;ֻأѪѪ֮ɱ¾ںо裬ɾڤһ޶ڤѪټк֣һɣ˲֤ʥɾͻԪʥˡ
Ժֱ֤ӵõϿɡ
ԪԴ֮𣬼ʥ˲Աɱĵز
ڤ֤Ԫسʥ
ؼ䣬׷׿ڷص
ʥˣҪֳľ⡣
־ĳ̶ֳϣе
ʥ֮£Ϊϣһ黰
ڤ֤ˣڤѪ򵥡
ͨͶѪзһૡ
ڤ֤˳¡
Ԫʼ𿴵Ҳ⡣
ڤĵ̣֪൱ѪڤӲһ㣬ΪʥˣҪϣһԪУҲû˿κεڤ棬Ѫû˸ҶѪǳؼ䣬޾ۻɷĵطûѪصٻӿ첻֪ٱ
ɷ糱
ĻУ˵ܻܲȥһ⣬ǲҪܷչ
ڤѪ˵д󹦵µġ
Ѫֻأû˻ȥġ
ˣʥҲҪʥλ
˼ڤӾȻʱ֤ʥǰһæҪȻոյѹҪڣЩʥ˵۾Щѡʥȣǿ
ȤĿһѪ漴ּ䣬ͿѾ£صͷСУӿϼǧ֮
ڵ磬׷״Ƽޣǧ磬ӵеرݣǿͣЩݣ̥Ĥ̥ĤֱӺͱģ󣬱жôǿ󣬿ν᲻ɴݡ
ﵽ챦ҪͻƣͲô׵飬һ졣ǧ磬ٶѣѣѡ
аԳ


2206 תԲ
ǱǰǣĵԴӴ޷ĵزܴﵽڴǧĳ̶ȣѾǽӶȡĪԴεֻ֮磬ֻתȡ뱦ϴΪ
ǧ磬ѾûʲôΧ޿ԡ
㱾Դжǿܳɳŵ󡣴ǧ֮ϣǾΨһ硣Ѿ籾Դǿ񣬶һɱ䣬磬Ψһ
˵ǧУֹġ
ȻԽȻܱԽǿ
ոͻƵĴǧ磬ﵽСĴǧȣȻС׼ף˴֮Ĳ֪࣬Ե㡣
ȻǺԶ޷ĲΣɾ֮ĵΰ
ֻܽʱˣһΣѾҵ󣬵ԤڿǾãһӶлĲΣȴѾˡ컯棬˭˵׼һпδ
ипһһ䡣
Ѿ»عڡ
һ룬һɺ嫵ӱдݶӿڡ

䣡
ǱһʿҪԣ˴˶ศɵģԽǿԱмĴٽԸõļԽǿо޴ÿνƷʱһַ
ַң漫
ڷʼһ˲䣬͸оıԴ֮ĳڷӵֱԴ֮ԣȫΪĴƷ
һԿǿǶصĸ򣬿硣
֤һʮľ磬УѾԳ֤Ԫ֮ѾǶ֤һּУһȡϿɡ
ı仯ҲɷΪ
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һͻ֤۳ԼĴľԼҪߵĵһͻƣһַʱڣصϣĸ򣬶ԶƽʱͺǴĳȻȻڣڡһ׶Σ֤ôӵ
ȻȡöջҲΡ
һ̣ҲʱƵģ⣬ֻһǧҡߣѶȾͻָûŴȻȻĽ뵽ڶ
Ҳǻһסһ׶УںϣһУŲݻ򣬴棬ḡֳһĵۣЩԽ࣬Խӵ£ζţڻ֮·ϣߵĸ֮ϵӵĽܡ֮ܵҲӾӴ
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֮ںϽһֱ֡ƿ֮
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֤֮Уնʬ֮ÿնȥһʬֱӿԽһ׶ΣնȥһʬܿԽ֮ףնȥʬܳɾ͵նȥʬ㹻Ҫ֤Ԫ
߹֮Թ֮ɿӿһ̣Ȼ˹һ˳˳ˮˮɡκ
һεķκһζҪӴ󣬹עڣɣԴõһɱ䡣һθԵεǨԾ
һΣȴûѡΪ
ԸطΪһϣʲκѷɫټӵͥ˼ӳ֣ٱٶȣطӸԴӿ죬Ȼոս֤ãٶȣȳҪࡣȫûбҪӳ֮ϡ
֮Ѿ֤գ峹ԲڻһԪ֮ıԴѪҪͻƣ֤Ԫʵߵľǻлħĵ·
Ժпһͷ
ߵ֤ʵѾʼصļ¡
ڣѾۣΪһõѪȥֻǣвûн֮ƾѪиɻǣѹסȴ֤Ԫ󣬷дУʱѪؽǿ󣬴ʱһ컯
ȻǻԽۺԽá
ѹԽԽá
֤ΪԼھſڱ϶ΪԽ˴ﵽת۷壬Ҳ֤۷壬֮ΪÿһΪһɱ䡣տɴﵽŰȻ󣬲ǽѪ۳һⷨһУ֤Ԫ֤
ڻԪ󣬽ΪѪУ۳صķѪ֮УÿһΪøǿ󣬼᲻ɴݡ𣬵ᡣ
аԳⷨţѾݣֻҪ˳УͿȲ
֤ҪɣһⷨͿʸ֤Ԫ壬ҪʮǧҲһԪ֮
һɣһУرݣֱڻгƻʡ֮ǿɹ
ȣѣͬҲ̸ǿ
ԣ붼룬һ䣬ԴԴϷıԴ֮˲Ϣ䣬ͳѪйעȥѪ⣬ǹѪ⣬ƤĤһ̣Ŀʼǿſڱͬʱ֣ź嫵Ѫ
Ѫھſڱвϱ任·𣬻Ϊſϵغ¯
һʵʰѪԴԴϵĸ֡Ѫд
ģȴֱӳл۹ȥ
ͨ
ͨ
ǿÿһ·սںҶ֮ܿУȻʮǧٵϽɫѪ̾ᡣǿѪܿתһɹɽдϵѪԴԴϵѪйעȥ
ÿ䣬ڵڱ
һ

ʮ


ٶ֮죬
ʵ̫ӴˣҪڣΪһ塣
ңһ̣УԪȻȻڣѪ֮СģԪȫγһԪ۵ԪС
ܸоѪҺеԽӵʢ
ԴѪ̺ĵϱԴ֮ԴԴϵѪҺСתۼ䣬ѪҺٴ뵽ÿһѪУһɲǼ䣬еѪԷ˵ٶȿʼǡ
ٶʵ̫ˡ

ܿ϶УһٵĶ
һ



֪УȻﵽ϶תԲ
ΰӿ֡
Ȼ䣬ԿһϽɫķӰƾճ϶С


2207 
һ˲䣬ھſڱڵѪ糱ˮûСƺҪ۳ʵУĵѪʵ̫ӴˡȫܿѪԴԴϵ뷨ڣۿɼٶȿʼۣΪʵǧöӻ۶ɣÿһöҪʮǧٵѪҲʮǧٵ۳һöǧö񻷣һķҪڰǧ˰ٰʮۡǴﵽ֤۷壬ת۷壬ҲֻҪŰ
пɫڵķҲһ󷢳
۾ŰѾһּޱȵ飬ͨߣһӶɵĿꡣ
ﵽתѾǼޡ
۳һ֤ɾͻԪֻһѡԾŰ㣬ֻ۳ʮʮö񻷣ǧö񻷵ȡҪĻȱڣɣģĲࡣ
֤Ѷڡ
ҪӴĻۣҪ֤ǲܵ飬졣
Ѫڵһʱ䣬תɷеһöö񻷣ԺзıԴ֮ҲԲ˼ٶȣ۵ٶȣûͣ£ڿۡ
һö
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գۼ䣬ϰö񻷴лΪʵ
ķʮǧķ嫻ķУ̺һ졣ıԴ֮÷ڿ
ѪԴ֮ٶȣǾ͸졣
ڷ˵ȫǰ޽ɣ߲ܡǧķ񻷣׽ʱһǧö۳ʵʣҲ˵һ뻯Ϊʵ
̺Ѿ׳תĽޣ֤ǰƾ֮һȭȥ˲ͻᱻɱʥˣһȭȥԪ档
Ժء

ܵڵķʧٴγ֮л³һĸоУһ̣ġ
ΰһָоǳ޷õġ
ƾڵ֮߳ͥУԪǿ߲ɱֱӴҪľôǿôײС
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ڶħ֮ڣĺȻڤһʬʥȷħ֮ĳ֡
УʥҲо޴ô˵ӣµӣʥˣһмôиһĿԡ
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翴һƬͣʵħ֮ڣÿʱÿ̶ʿսɱв֪ǿʿԡѪɱǿߣħ֮ڡ
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һգŸָͬķΣһ۾ܿĶطկӲСʮկУ˿ԣҲһЩʳӡ
ڣȴկУֳһǰ֮ʮѹ֣󲿷ְգ϶Եʮֲ԰ף¶ɫνƼݣһ紵пܽ˸εɼǵжô
кܶˣֱӿһ䣬һûС
Զӻˡ
կһ
һĿ⿴ſڡ
ܿһ֧ϰ˵Ķ˹֧УҲвɫֻǣ΢һЩһ϶ʮֵĳĬկĿ⣬׷׵ͷԶУֻһֻӣһֻ񡣳֮⣬ֻƲװŵһЩҰ
峤⸽ĶѾˡ


2208 
һֻСӣһֻݲС񣬼һӶɽկУʮİգ⣬һˮ𣬼ֱǱˮн޲կ峤һߣϣկУҲһԾŶܷżߣҲǼߡ֣ɲСѾʮ꣬£Уؼڵͨ˵˴˵꣬ʮ꣬Ѱ֮¡
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ԭʮˣկֻʣ²˿ڡ
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ѣĲڵЩգҪȻͶףףѾΨһƾֵĻᡣ


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һѣţȺԺĽ֮ƿأΪ׵һ֣ڹΣҪȥעֻҪȴͿԡ

ڶ죬̫ոտʼʱһɫ۳ڰ½ϿգȻܿϣȻһƬɹУһʥּ
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2210 ɾ
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ÿһɳһ£ĸıͿһշ̤ڳǽϣӡܱ߷
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壬Կǰɳǣ켮Ա¼켮ɳΪܴװջԻȡԼķݣӵгʳǰؾͶӰָѡȡʽ̤֮·ȡӵнʸȨޡ
һһʱⷢͨԡ
ʼ׼ܱߴկǳеİգԭȵЩǳأȫͲʲôĳǳؽɳȻãԺѼеĸƷʵһɳǾͺáܱ׿۵׵Ķָ
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ܿһկһǳУձãУֳâ׷׷ź
̫ˣȥɳǣ죬ǸϿ϶ʲǰĴɳǣûУֻҪףɳǣͿ¼ݻΪһдĴ
ྡǿྡ죬ϿʰҪһɳǡͿɳڣǶôӵеĽȫ͸ɾһӽҲ񡣡

ûκγɣһʱѡǰɳǾסڵĵطֻеķݣңǻĸоûԸƷ
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ʹൽԲ뾭ڶεĳ̶ȡ
կȫûʲôֵġ
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ܿ죬Ϳһɳ⣬·İſ𳤳Ķ顣ſڣֱӾ켮ԱеǼǣѪ׹ϵ꣬ͷ켮ȵȱ׼ʡ
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˵һǧһ򣬶Ȳʵʵڵʳʵ
ҪñӣͻͬĸоǸӵļˡ
ˣɳڣѾֻҪȥܷŵϣʱļǲܴģϡǵʳ
ˮ࣬ٵԱǰ䵽ľסʱַĵĸжȫ顣£ЩסֻƾǣȨڴͥУ֮ڣȴǾס䣬ǮĻȫֱӹΪе
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ݾɳڣױȵıơ
ҲǳʵɳǵĸڣڣɳҪչ£Ҫ졣Դˣ£ǱԻӭ̬ȡ
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ذգѾڼж롣ɳǺӵеɲɳǵľ֡ͳİպ漴кİմӴױͶԺڷܵĺ˿ڡÿʮ˿ڵ
Щ飬ʱ䣬ֻһҹ֮ѡ
Ѿɡ
ڶնʱ
Ұİ½򣬸ֱҾһɨա
ҹ忪ʼפ½ڸƲ꣬ưô꽫еľϴͬʱŽ´ӡ
ЩӣȻǴУũʺħܵĸ֡ģһΪݵĲֻ֣һְݣ̺һ˿һЩʳݶԣ൱ζǺܺõĲϣҪǣķ൱ˣһȥֻҪг֣ܷܿ
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ңܽһֽС÷飬ǿʳõġ
ƵģÿŲֳ󣬾ͻѣѳһ꣬ûзѷģѳһ꣬ԭȵĲ֣ҲûмѷܵڸϣܵĿԡ
ѵķǽġ
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ȫǵɾת䡣
Ϊֻζѡ
ԭ棬ڣȴǳΪˣĽͥ־޴ķ֪öٰжڴף޾ĸм
ΣԸУҲԸ
հ૵

Ű½ף˲䣬ܱ߸Ҳ׷׵õϢܶϢǴ׿⴫ݳȥġǣ½еı仯ֱȥ֮У˶Թۿ˶أĿ½ת䡣
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ʢʱÿоաʥ쳣һǿҵǷŵһʥأŵӰһԾŶԳ档ʿࡣ
ֻǣ˿̣ħʮıҲʼ޴ı仯
ÿϵожݳһǷϡڼǰⲻϵ裬һֱܵ޷Ƶġ
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2211 ĸ
ʺǳ棬ħ̫ͻȻͣʳϼ£˿Ҳڶ࣬ÿҪĵʳǶһ֣ٳĴ£޷ֵġһʱ˵Ļʳ棬ڶ꣬ͼˣ꣬άְ뱥㲻ΪֹһҲϡá
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ȻϣԱ򣬻ŲСơ
ڼҪϺܶࡣ
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еˣȻİܶжֱӽ֮У໥ܹ̽鵽һЩڰ½ľ棬˽⣬֪ƾ½⣬֧꣬¾ͻ᳹װ䡣
ڣֱͶͥѪǽ֣ɳһ£ֲأһҹ֮䣬оͷı䡣õһӴϺõ·ӼгЩ½ڰֱԼҵİ׷ĺ⡣
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ҲܵħӰ죬еˮøӿ񱩣ҪɱҲһ׵顣
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ѾƳѪƾķַʮּףúѪƣһö裬άһ裬еѪʮֹʱ򣬿Իڽȵľ档ֻǣѪģ󡣻Уͨ˵ĺ
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׵ϢǴʳң˵ʳдϢײţ½еаգһͬĴʳǿüģңף׶Ժġɼ֮УȻźʳ
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2212 ݹ·
֮£ϢɢеУ֪Ϣͨٶ֮죬ǳ֮ǰģ磬ڳħֵϮѵʱ̣ʼĽ׶ΡһӦˣֻħе䣬ңħִļļֻħʼݱԡ
ֻǰ׵ǰףµģ֮󳹵ױʱħϯصѡ
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Ψһõģ׳ζ൱ɬζ˵ѳԣ֮⣬ûӰ죬Ҫ£ûж˻ԸȥԺʳڣħУıأ˵ѳԣֻҪܳԵģйˡѳԣҲʳڼǰͬ˼ʳһ
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˽Ȫ޹׷ױʾΪ׵һ֡
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ףڹһײȥֻὫԼײķǡʥײȥҲֻʥˣһɽǿ֮
ʮ󣬿ݣǧ֮ڵĸʿ޷壬Կǰμӡ·棬콾ԣ˭һ嫲ãԲɽдݶ
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2213 ѡ
ݣ̹һ죬֤ԪЩ콾콾ЩУһֱݷƴǿ̣ϵΪԼָĵƣΪľһεݹ·򴩹·ûкһԵõϿɣ˼ƿɽǾĵط
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һȺߣ̤ȥпһ죬Ҳп硣
ȻЩԼѡԼѡȻҪԼ
ʼˣڿʼˣ֮ͥɻѾ֤ɾʹ֮λҿԵۣ֤֮ܳɾͻԪʥˣΪ磬һ׷ϵһݾ֮·
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лС¶һĨأ˵ɻˣһܣѾɳڸʮʱеһѡڣǽҪеڶѡ񡣡
بŴ½ɽϻѾʮʽ֮ʱһݹ·Ե컯Ҳ壬콾̨չķɣȡԼ컯ΪеŮһʱͿλ콾֣֮ȥݹ·ϵ컯ҲȥһܲջǾȫԼݣ˭޷档һжҪԼ
ԣڣٵѡǣһǰبŴ½̤ݣ·콾ԡѪɱһ¡ݻԵԭȵļƻɳδɾͣҲξԼ
лУûб¶κεơ
ѡȨǸԼġ
Ǿ仰ѡ󣬾ͲҪڡ
ԼѡǹţҲҪȥ
ףݹ·μ𡣡
ѯʵ
Ϊȥɽݹ·֮ǰݹ·к塣Ǹ磬콾ɳ̨һݾá
ƽ˵
ʵȥһε֮սҪȥˣ˭룬۷ģ˭Ȼ֡ȴ콾ĻԵ
ݵλٲȥ
һ仰Ѿͬ
ڿʥƽƽվĸ߶Ȳͬ۹Ȼű仯
ͺñȣֱǰڸض̰٣ʲôʱ򿴵˵Ǽˣȥ̰ġ
Ѿ֮ͬ⡣


2214 С
ҪμӣǴȥֻ»ָܵ𣬵Ȼָʲôģпɲ£ǣݹ·ą̃αȥݵλѾ̣֣ͬӡǸֵĲͬ
ɻһ۾ֳĹâһԺ𾴡
Լ׵ݵλѾʥ˵ͬؼ䣬ûбԼ׸ĴڡǶôֵԺ顣ͬҲһѹֹ⻷£һ־޴ѹѹĴ
ҪȥŮȥɽȻȥˣݵλʵЩ콾м࣬ڣŮ棬Ķ콾ŮҲԻһᡣ
ɻЦ˵ü䣬¶һԾԾԵı顣
ЩƾͥԴСΪȻͻͽһ棬콾֮ټϸֵƣɱһ콾ҲδǵĶ֡
˳ӵ˼ӳ֣ٶȣʵ̫ˡ
ȥˣһսǲȥСҴͥ˵ҴˡһսܷĽǾͺá
Ҳվ̬ȡ
콾ɱһߵͣ飬ֻҪһ룬жһǿҵĿѪҺڷȡĻһź
꣬Ϊﵽһεģ޲ǿս
֮սһʱֻֻһΣһΣһλ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬻ǧ꣬ꡣĲУɲܹõĳġ
̹󣬲׾ͻġ
ΪеѪɻǵĵǣû˸оʧ
ܺãȻѡǾҪге׼Ҫȥݹ·׵ģȻ֧֣ܲڣΪɸһѡĻᣬһΣʮѡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
һѡȡһ鱦ڶΪѪСޣģӡΪһͨ壬һ𻤷԰ߣӣڰˣһԸӡھţһֻأʮԸһΡ
ڿʮѡÿֻѡ֣УʮԸֻһѡĻᣬξǿˡ
пӡ
Ůİκĸѷɫֺ
һϸĸĸҪ÷أҪһȣҪȻֻẦŮԣһֱƶӦĹأŮʮͱѡ񣬿ʼԼ·뿪ĸıӣȥԼĹâԼķɡ
ȻҲӦ֧֡
ھˡ
ʮѡõЩȫǰݹ·ʸ
ǻȡĺô
鱦Ȼ˵κʿǿ棬׵ɱħʱȡǧ鱦֮ǰħа£Ͼϴɡڣǧ鱦ͱö֮İڷժǸС£ж֪ġ
ڣ֪ʿƴĻֹܸѫȡǰժǸժȡǳĻᣬ棬ãпժȡһ鱦ǾĻԵǿõĻԵ
֪ǿߣ˳ڴ£ʹ
ѡһ¡
֮ÿһ֣ǳ붼޷컯
ӸʮܶණΪ׻ʴݣûʸȥȡģҲ޷̫ܵȻı
ڣÿһڿǣѡˣ֮У°빦ѡˣпܻһЩӰ졣
ףŮѡѪУޣһֻء
ɻйâ˸Ƭ̺󣬵ȿ˵
е嵽жǿЩŮĶֻ֪֪Ǹһ·ǿѪս壬֤ľ塣һʱڣΪսΪеĵմѪѪһߵҫ
ǿͷĵơֻأֱڵֻУﾭһֻϴֻأȻֻһ˿ֻأģʵȡʵģĸҲʵġʿԣǾһĪĻԵһΡ
ţܺãԸ
һ㣬ɻ˲͸оѪӿֳһ޷ΰһενɫѪҺ·һɲǼ䣬һѹ죬ֻ죬ǧƵĸۣ޷󣬸һǿҵĽ
ңڱɻѪ󣬾ȻȻȻںһ𡣳һķɱ䡣
ˢ
Ŀú󣬻ּ䣬ɻУѪɱĹУǰֻٴιʱؽɱ䡣
ףѡӣѪУһԸӡ
ѡ
ӿɲͨǿڿٳֵ֮ߣȺѷɫ֤һݾ·׳磬һͻƣ֤ԪУҲֻһö֮ǰԵɺϵõġ۹⣬νѡѾĵ·
Ѫǿ϶ҪģԸӣȫԸɣһӣʮھǧöһ𣬿һɾ˵֣ȥǴܶᶯᣬԸ飬ǿԿΪͰԴڹؼʱ̣ɽʡۡ
֮ؼľǻۣȻѡ֮ǰѾĺҪƾԸӣ׳󿪱ٵ硣
ܺãԸ
ҲͷӦ
ּ䣬ѡĶȫ衣
׼μ֮սӣ׷׿ڣ˵Լѡÿһѡ˶ԼΪģУѪǱȻѡ˭ûдУлԵδز߳Լĵ·
һ㣬ϲּġ

ҹ硣
ħС
ħۣһħ񣬶ڸԵλϣ˿̣ȻܿһλϣȻһصӰϸȥǲа˭
Ⲣ֡
ҹ֤һаǸҹȫϣǴĲٴ
ҹУаħţͬλҹ֮أħ֮ڣԼλңƾеʵҹУˮаҹҹǿ߾¡
ӵǲ
ħǲῪġ
ټħףȻдҪ顣
ҹ֮Уܹҹ飬ȻҪħľ顣
˼ҹҪдˡ
а˸΢΢һЦ
λᣬɱ֡
ħףһΰӰ֣˵


2215 ʱ
ħϣʮűʮűҹʮħλÿһΪߴبżĴڡ˿̣ʮűϣֻһ棬һӰɴ֮Ѫµħаס
صħУֻ濴һֻа֡·עԼꡣ
棬ϣѾһħ֮еħ
ǵĴڣħԵ쳣Ŀֲ¡аҲУȻԸܵаɢѹһʵϵѹơ
аҹ۷λã治˵
аûκξٶҪעӵ¶ʲôĻǴĺ޷ġǵòʧݷȥǾĳɹ
λħѾʮ꣬ҹ֮䣬ԽԽ죬ҲԽԽУںϵƣѾɸģϢ缴Ҫ콾ݣһ֮·ϵǶȻ֤ԪΪһ𶥼ǿߡ˴ƺƴУ̺̹λô
а׻˵
˵̹ʱҲ΢΢˶٣Ȼ̹֮УҲżصĵλ
׼ʱڣһǿߣάֱвϣҪںϹУռݸ콾ѵҹûô飬ҹҲһԨѾкܳʱûпôֱӿһΣȺħһλԵ컯ܲӱͿԼġ
ڰ֮ķЦ˵
ҿ罫֮أ磬ͷĻ֮ϣ̹ðЩħȥһǶһݣǶһݡǰǣα֤ҹ콾ڻϣܵ콾ͬȵĴܵѹơ
һߴЦ˵
Լͬʱһ콾ĶԿʤûѡҹʤȻնųɵ콾һʱУֶϲ㣬ƲӵɱԪʱҪţҹ콾콾Ҫ࣬Ϊսǿ
һһͬУҹʤռơ
Ϸһ
ͬ£ɱѪɺӣ⡣
ǰǣܴһ磬ѡ񣬴Ӧһ콾ս
Ȼס
Ҫһ㣬£ֻҪϿɣһжпܡǰǣ˵
ħħЦ˵
ûʲô̸£ģǲУֻóļ벻ѡţֻҪ㹻棬Ҳ޷ܾң⽫һιƽ
ħ׷׿ڷԣȻҲһʮͬԼʲôģҪ棬ҪƾеĶɱܳɳɱɡ
ܺãȻˣǾʹմ֣͵ʱҹ֮һν棬һνΣҹ治ܶλ뿪֪ͨк콾ҪôΪҹ⣬Ҫôս֮ϡ
а׶Ȼ˵
ҹĲпᡣ
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ħĸݹϢһԪǱǿߣһͬɱ޾ʱеƬǿߣʼع飬ʱ䣬֮ڡһع飬Ȼᷢһսʱ򣬽սӭҹǿ߻عǿ߹׼
аٴ׳һ⡣
һԪǿ߼عˣ̫ˣֻҪǹһԪǽٴռݾԵơ
̫ˣǵȺһһеʩչ޾ʱյֶΣһսӮӦǲŶԣôӵһԪ
ҪˣαȻҪѪծѪ֪ҹǻˣһܸıڼȶʵںϣѾǶҹΪǱȻ
һħŨŨս⣬ɵ촽ƺڻζѪζ
һԪһսҹԶʹû뵽ֱҹһսսƻҹǰδеĻҹ壬Ӳ壬һֱۣɱ񣬷ɱħħսǰ棬˵ֻ֣ӿţɵƻֻ
һս֮£ǲҲ̶á
ڣҹۺ񣬷Ӧͷ𷴻һս֮ãһսУߣĪķ裬ͻȻʩչͬھķҹǿߴܣһ޾ʱС޾ʱʧ˷
ҪˣսһԪ
Ѿˡ
ǿߣԶʧԨħĸڽǣҲڽʱ㣬عʱ䣬޼ġ˭Ȼع飬˭ơԶԶֽһ
ħĸϢλãҹսħսսҹļз뻺شʱκһսпܵġңعģֻǵһħĸ˵־ŴνнҲǾһع飬սҶȣȻʱҪ׼ǷۣɲǺöԸġ
а׳˵
־ιһжǿߣ˭սǱȻġ
ڣ˭Ȼع飬δ֪
κһֿԶУǾҪͬ׼
ۣ
ħɫһ䣬Ǻܺÿ
ۣǴӡʵ̫ˡ
ǿֲĻеʼԦеǣ޾ĻеսηɱѪɺӣѽѷ֣֮£񶼲һ롣
ͻجΡ
ۣɾ޴鷳
˭ͷʹ֡
ҪһۣǶҪΪʹĴۡ
ҪٴЩۣȻĸֳһεѹ
һȺӡ
ţ֪ͺãʱ׼ӭҹǿ߹ٿܷɱǿ߹ܴһۣʹݻһҡκһңһ־޴в
а׵ͷ˵
󣬾ƾʧ
ħҲ׷ȥ䲻
аĿãҲħһͬʧ
м沨˼

صаайâ˸ͷײǱ˿˿аЦ֣ȤˣһԪδ֮ս޾ʱգع飬ҪһԪĴսչһɱһԪֻ»쳣Уһɳʱ䣬ֻ³ˡսһȫչûʱǳɳ
ѹ֣ѹһԪ˳֮Ϊѹ֣˳֮ѹһСΪһδ֮ս׼
˳֮кС
˼ӳ֣ʮϰٱһ͵ϰ꣬ǧĵз
Ǽܵڶʱڳɳ


2216 
˳ˣɳٶȣԶͬʿġΪܵ͵Ľ׶ΣˣΪ漰֮ϣʲôû̫ϵΪһߣ漰ϣҪԣ˵ļӳȻǿΪҪ򣬵Ȼ֮ģ赣ЩֻҪкԴ
ͿԲǿѪ
ͥˣϣû˭׷
ĵԴֻҪкģʱʹ࣬ȫԵһӵУǣŬͻջ񣬻㱨Լܸܵ
ܶʿڲΪ޷󣬾ͻѡ塣ߵӣܿٳɳɱ䡣սǿ˼ӳϣͬͬЧãɲΪԵԭҪǣҪ̲ĲҩڴУ⿵ʳֱӵĲ䡣
Ҫ壬ȳ⡣
ټϴ̫ۣ̫ۣ֮֮ߴǣӵеıƣʿ̫̫ࡣ
ѡȻȷģһԪսûᣬδ֮սսһԪȻȥңĴսһҶȻ൱¡ʱͨʿҪɳû˼ӳ֣졣
ܳɳ
ҹ磬ںʵ̫ˡ
һʼֹǲתġ
ʱ仹̫ˣٸһʱ䣬ҹ֮սкοµġһΣ˭ѻ˭δ֪ˡ
аǱ¶һĨаЦ

һԪǿߣع顣عĵصҹսħս
ûãѾõаϢ
õϢʱͬһ˿𺳣漴˼ţУܹЩʲôȡʲôĺôõ棬Զҹʲô˺
֪ҹǿ߻عľλãĻδزܸһξѻ
йâ˸Ժвϸֳͷ
ɱԽ࣬ҹɵʧԽǶԽӵһԪģǿ϶ҹ˵ǿߣκһ𣬶Ƕǿս
ֵóԵ顣
£ɹһλʽǰҪ¡
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ԺиֳһӰ
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ش
Ȼȥ԰аھ磬֪ͨŷһЩʳϾϯ档ЦŷԸ
ҲɹоƷϯ档ɾŻϲˡеĲƷǿ滻ġĻǲıġ
ǣ
Ӧ漴תȥš
ţǰͥڳңֻ°
а૵
漴԰
ŷǱߣȷҪϯƬ̣һʦʼչգʳ񣬸Էֹȷͬʱζȷ׷׾Ͷ
ĵص԰
԰ڣһ޴ͤڰһ
ֵܣþûˡҿɲǿģҸʲôö
ûеȴãһˬʵ
˻ûеѾȴ˽
ϸȥֻһߴЦţϿһ޴ĸͷǵ̤˽ǵţ峤ţ
ţ֣þò
Ҳһ۾Ϳţ˵ˬʣҲ¶һĨЦ⡣ңϢǿһ㶼𵱳֪ҪǿٱȻͥУҲܵԴѻ£벻ǿѡϢ˿ȵ̨ѷɫ
ڶ̶ʱڳɳֵزȻʣȡԴԲͨ
ȻѣͲǿΪʵģţλ΢ĩнʶĺѣٴμ棬ûΪԼ֮ͥʲô͸ı䣬ҲǺܸˡ
ѵüλѡ
ܲı䣬Ȼò
¶΢Цһϲ֮ɫ
ֵܣ³ͻȻͥͻȻɢڸе徫񣬲òطͥһǻȡͥȥѹһħˣЩħӣɱ˺óһʱ䣬ڣʱȾƣû뵽ĴڶͥˡҵĸԹԣҪһԼоʹΪΡ
ţЦǺǵǰ˵
УҲԼȥԭ˵˳
Щ꣬弸ûôչ¶âΪǲǿ󡣶һħߡ徫ÿʱÿ̶ҹħɱ
ţϵϢȫܸܵŨŨɷһδɱ۳ġ
ҵΣӰ֮Ľ顣еȻһЦִʲôö
϶ʧ㿴Ǻö
ţһЦһ֣ͿһŴ俸ڼϡ
һž޴Ҭ
ҬϣҬ
ǺöͨҬӣҬ治Ҭ֭Ҭƣζ൱Ʋй㡣ţЦеҬ˵
ǾҬǾҬȻơȷʵǺö
пҲ۾һ֪
ϲͺã
ţЦŽҬ˹ȥҲ⣬ּ԰ռСԺٷ֣ȫԷܳһƬҬ֣ľҬ˵ãԳΪһز״棬ƣǲȱгġ
£Ǳ߳Աġ
ͿʼڳԺǾҬеҬƣʳ䣬һԺȣࡣһûм̫õİĤ
Ʊ
ֱӿżɽ˵ţǰӦòֻΪɰɡʲôʱ򾡹ܿڡ
ţЩ壬ҪĨǣԽֱ˵ԽǶǵθڡ
һ¡
ţϵЦҲʼһ˵
ţֱԡɫһٴ˵
ʼҪһ档
ţɫһ˵
ʼ棿ȡ
һ
档ʱҲ֪ţֵЩ飬ųչġţͷ˵
ʱ䣬ص㡣
׵ͷѯʵ
ͥʮɽе㡣ģӦǺ¡ʱ䣬ֻҪпգκʱ򶼿ԡ
ţЦǺǵ˵ʲôʣֵʵҲûбҪµġ֪ģ϶㲻ġڵݣ˭Ҷġ
Ȼ֣ﻹǸһ
ûǷֵĺ
ȻǾͶãţɳкúùһ䣬һ
Ц˵
Уȥ׵Щǡ
ţһЦ


2217 սͼ¼
ţһ𳩿һᣬڼ䣬𣬺ĵУˣŮæϡһҹʮɽţҲϲжʮɽе˸̵˽⡣طţҲ˵û뿪ʮɽ
بŴ½ʵ̫ˣ̫ˣʮɽͲ֪ж㡣
˵ţһΣҲ׼ǰɽμӻһĪĻԵлȡ컯Ļȫڶʱһ졣
ȡ֮ǰ붼ĳɾ͡
һʢᣬΣҪһյġ
ҪСģһΣǰݣԵĲֻ콾пҪҹ콾еճ̶ȣеҪĶࡣ
΢΢ţ͸¶һЩҹ콾пܳݹ·Ϣ
ϢҪȷǱȻǲһѸ£ԼҲ᲻һֱȻһ䣬Ҳǿǹʽķϡ
ҹ
ţ΢΢һ㶣漴һЦǺǣʲôĸͷѾˡ
ţڴпʼι
ҲǰЩͥΪ߷ù֣ԭȵգһѾ뵽׵ϵУȻǴڳ⣬ںȾƣڿ˵ʱȴ͸¶һԭûеϢ
ϴǴоΣִ󷽵׷ϣǿͻأһ˵ĶܶŮӾϲ֡
ǲٴƤԵǸ־µʳ̺ḻӪ⡣Ϊֹû֮ǰĴҰһ񣬾Ѿ뵽С
Ȼɴĸ⹦ͼ֮ɺܶ࣬Ѫʼдеĸֹ֮·ʺ֮;ǿơͽУѪˣǿʮܵӭܴܿôõĻ顣
Ȣӣͨ飬ĺǣĴϻۣ֪УϰѾͬĲ࣬ӲҪ˵֮䣬һС
Ѫٴͨ顣ںϣǾһֱȻ
Щţ󣬲û˵ʲô
ֻҪڴУĺܺãıȵҪõĶ࣬ó֪ٱһо㹻ˣζţиûд
Ǹȷġ
ĿãĺѪܵͬĴԽѧãܵĽ
Уţһ¥Уһ

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٣о޴Ŀԡңʱֵ֧ͥҲԯȣս֮ܣǱʬţ޳ɲ֮ѪͬʱԪ񡣵ܣֱ֮ӴŲľ貿壬з룬˷ָԴһΪ塣
ң֮ͼ֮ٽݾǾţԼҲɾһʼ棬һʵͻͽߵİʮһֵܣҲʼͼ֮ĤݣΪͼڡбͼ֮е£һϹΪսͼ¼
ĸ˵ȣҲ䣬Ȼ֮Ǵ˵ô򵥣ʵȿ˻һΪͻƣνһǧ
սͼ¼ֱΪսսϣң޿赲
ΣȣǶ׵Ĵܼǿߣ˵ʥҲҪ࿴
ҪսͬУսʤȵģָ
ǰûʲô顣
пѯʵ
ȱԳۣݴţһֱѰͻĻᣬǴͻƵĻԵ
ĸ΢²
ǲһҲδûпܡȥһҲãȻʲô֪ˡ
Ц˵
϶Ҳɹǰ϶һ𡣡ĸͻȻ˵϶ݷͬһ㣬ְͥʵ򣬾Ҳ׵̫ŮoΪ̫ǿУʵǳ֮һ;ϵĵλҵλ֮ߣҲ𾴡
ĸһ˵
ɲǫ飬ʵ̫̫ǣǳΪǳԴo֮ǿ֪
϶ǺͺǷô
΢΢ü˵
϶ͺ֮ɲ򵥣漰壬飬˵ֻҪ֪϶Ӣ֮ͿԣǷ϶Ļɹڣٶһкβɡڷҵô
ĸƽ˵
϶Щһʱһδףҵ棬ʵĿ꣬㡣δ϶ȥܲܳɹǾͿԼˡ
ĸ˵
Ǻǣ϶ȲܣɲܲܡЦһѹ£漴һսҵչ

죬ϿգŵУѾƾճ֣ϣȻܿһӰһУһֲ˼ٶȣبŴ½ڵķƿնȥ
ҪǰبŴ½ʮɽ
ţѾţǰʮɽ
һģȻ϶
ѩ׵Ĺװʣһջȴһ˲µͷ
ڳǰǰй϶𷢳룬϶ûоܾӦһͬڵеľ
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϶УͻȻѯʵ
ħǱȻҹںϣҲǱȻħֻǰ׶ѡħֲ£µǺҹ
пһ϶𣬻˵
ҹ֮УǳΪҹ½ΪԴһںϣǿգᱻҹǿָǣ̫̫ΪǿǳȻ׵塣
϶ϸֳһĨǣ˵ҹУʮöѪ£ÿһö̫ѷɫǿһںϣȻײյ̫֮ʱ򣬿£϶Ҳ̫һͬѳѡ
Уƺκ
̫oλܵױȵλ䱾ԴҲ̫̫ǱҪشǻᵱ䣬ܶѡ
ںϣһ߸Եѡ


2218 
ǿǿյս½½صսȫս߸ԵսںϣΪһ壬Ǻܶ౾ԴϵײȻȻͻᷢԱԴ֤ͬͬݵĵչ鵽ףǲݡ

ѪҲпᡣ
̫Ϊǳ֮һô⡣
⣬Ϊʵȷʵ·磬һ㣬ҲǲɷϵģʵǾҪԭʼķ
ںϣǴ޷ֹܰôƽĿ϶˵ûڻб¶˿
ܶ飬ǵͥĸ߶ȣûа취ġ
һʵΡ
սǰ˭֪ʱ򣬴ܷԱ˵̫ǡǶδ֪飬ϣǲܿЦģںϣ˭֪ᷢʲô
£ɹǳ󡣡
϶۾ֱӿУ˵ǳתǿսܱͳΪһ壬ҹںϣӿҹǳҲƾ֮ͥ񣬿ɱ֤ױԽ˿ٳǿսԴҲкô
ǳǳָΪɣǳָΪģת磬ǳָҴ׻Ѫ֤ҪתǳǾҪɹŮȫ̤ǿս飬ʲȥ
΢΢ҡͷ˵
ǳΪػɹһƣȻᶯҪǣĶǴ׵Ļ壬еŮˣӣŮŮ
ǲǲμսǲ׵ΪޱҪ㶯á
οƾʲôҪŮȥӻ̫ǡվڵֵҹĵһߣǵˣףṳֲ̂սǴΪսҲûȥ顣
Ҫ϶ԸΪµŮˣ̫Ը鸽ͥء
϶һͻȻ˵һ˵ĿҲǺĿУ˵仰ʱʣҪĪҪõǳǾҪǳָǳָֻд׻УôΪеŮˣΨһĽݾ
̫ǾԲκʧļңҲԴڣһ𣬽֤Ŀܡ
ԸΪҵŮˡ
г˵ΪҪѰӣס̫ǵĻǴɲأȻ׳ǳ󣬵̫Ϊǳһеܣűݻ١ûбҪԼΪ롣ɹ֮УȱŮˡһ㣬Ӧú
϶ŮˣĸǿߣͬĶĽܹ΢ĩ𣬽ĴͥǿߣŮӣĪܲġ϶Ҳ⡣ԸΪŮˣҲǷġ
϶Ц˵
üĿ䣬ɢһĪ
Ŀãһ
Ը⣬ױ֮λþġ
ƽ˵
Ѿ˵϶ؼһӵĳƺҲǿЦģգ;ĽʱҲ̾޷޶á
ܽ϶ɹؼ֮һ
Ҳ֪϶ĿģҪ̫ǡıõδؾͲܡ
֪ҹضҪںϺʵѾΪ׼ź֣һ֣˵֮ΪľǴսУαô״вսУȡ޴档
ЩǺ󻰡
ȷ˫Ĺϵ󣬶ʱеķΧ֮仯ݳһܰϢ
̫žٶȼ졣
ƿʱһ򣬱׾ٵ˦ں档
֪УǰȻܿһޱߵĴ½ǰһۿȥȫ߼ʣɽνʤ̺ԪŨĵزǣأءһǶǶڵ
ƶ׾תɿֲ
بŴ½̫ˣһӣޱ޼ʣᴩĻͨʿҪѾǧ
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بŴ½֮Ľȣȫǲֵһᡣͷ·ƫƧĽһֵһᡣ
بŴ½̫ˣںĲ֣󶥼ɽɽڸͥبŴ½̨ÿ춼콾ÿ춼ǿ䡣컯
϶Ŀãп
ֻϧ̨ѾңһСʱҶԣͬǿʱͬУѾûҵĵ֣Ŀǰһˡ
΢΢ҡͷ˵
Īڴˡ

̤بŴ½ʱ̫ž·Եʮ˷ܣ̲ס췢һ֮˲ܱڣо궼𵴡
˭ðԵоȻԸܵһǿҵϢ
׵Ѫʵ̫ǿˣȫ赲˷·ɽӼĸо̫ˡ
쿴ǾǴ˵еĴ֮ͥɻʵݡɻبŴ½ˣҪʲôΪʲôʱǰѵΪ˻ݡĪҲҪμ֮ս
ǿǾ̫ÿһ𣬶˿ѷɫ֤ĿֲҸоֻǿֻһݶѣôôǿ
ȥķʮɽͥλáҪȥʲô
һĿ˷۶֪˭Ϊ֪һǿҵļɵ뾴ηȴûиǰ
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ķһ۶ɣ̺ص
ڷ棬Ȼܿһֱڵ۾֪ʱֻ֣۾УܸܵģֻĺڰžҹĹâ
飬ֻҪһۣͷ·ܵ޾ҹС궼·Ҫҹļž֮ڣ׳٣
ҹ
дľҲһ̣ǿбѹڵϣпգ¶һĨŨŨ𺳣овֻ۾ҹ־۳ۡ
ˢ
һ룬ҹ֮ǰһֻͬ޴Ľɫƾո֡ɢƣƺѷɫ
֮ۡ
ͬʱ֣ɢһӣ磬뵽Ϊֵĵزܶʿо·̶һ¶ޱѡ
ͬʱܼţֳľ


2219 컯
ε־н档ҹȻҪǿһֻǣ磬ռƣɢƣҲ˿ѷɫҹжţͷֲߵͣνǲಮ١
ĽֳʱѾʼ
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һĿ⿴գһ̣֮ǰʲôͣе顣иǸֳָͷϵĲ룬ߴڣûгںǰǲģΪһ棬пܾͻȫĵ
ֻ֮ӵգһȫںʱ᳹ױȫǱҪڵռλΪʤߡ
ѵҹҪˣӦûôŶԣһսֻںϵһ̶Ⱥ󣬷Ż᳹ױֻǱħѡ
϶һ죬૵
ɻ󲻽⣬ףΪʲôҹһͻȻ֡
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˽ȫսԲӦʱŶԡ
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еĿҹ콾ֻǱȻҹҪնɱ콾ߣҲҪɱ㹻ҹ콾ն϶Էĸ콾һʱһ̫࣬Ǿţһʱܵ޴Ӱ죬뵽һ겻״̬
һ仰˫ԶԷ֡
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ôɽɽǱȾô
ҹħȻ뵽ɽУҪʲôڵĲɽѾӵҹϢ޷ġبŴ½ĸصء
ǿߴܣɵ¶֮ɫ
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ͬʱԺɫУֻһֻڵƾճ֣ûֱӿ磬ֻǴеĶ棬ȴܸܵдݳһֹ⡣
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ֻĳ֣ʱڹŲɽ򣬷ȥ
ϸȥӺڹУȫܿ챦ҹĶ£·ͲֵǮһ

Ѫħأ
ħ
Ѫ֮ᣡ
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ָıи컯ҹħĴСֱΪ˲컯磬ħ裬ͨˣ׵Ľͳħ壬սҡ
дҹɽСħۺ죬ܶ඼鱦
Ȼ֮⣬иֲֿƷһ򵥵顣
ټħ벻ɽУһòɽڣ컯ܶ컯ǳ޷ĻԵǿٵ֮κλԵУһ첢롣
ȻҹڲɽעҲͶʡ
ʮ󣬻ݿ˴֮սΪҹ콾Կɱ֮أ֮·ǶΪκڴսУɱԷ콾ߣԿɻȡѫѫﵽһƾ蹦ѫ֤Ԫ
һ֮˲串硣
飬е˼
һ˲伤
ʲôһλ֮սȻı˹򣬷˱ʣ콾ĶԿݱ콾֮ɱһս֣Σմеĺôɱҹ콾ɻȡѫѫֱ֤ԪõϿɣ֤Կס
̫ˣ֤ԪҪľεõϿɣ򵥵ľǻ۹£ֻҪɱҹ콾ͿԻùѫֱһ֤ĽݾǰǣҪ㹻ǿܹ󡣲ӵһĻᡣ
ãݴսֵڴԼɱʲô£κˣԸҹħɱҵҪҹ콾ʵΡҹ콾ǲʹ졣
ʿ콾еĻ棬һӾͿʼȼ
ױȼ
֮ǰûж˻˭֪㸲֮£ѵĵ
ͬ콾֮սҹɱȻԼɱԼҪõĶࡣսҲмֵ
ǹ׼˲


2220 ɱ
ֻǣڵĲɽѾ̫Ĳȷԡһħ벻ɽòɽ϶ҹ콾ѹƣ뵽ķΧҹ콾̤ϲɽܵģͬĴκƫУȻҹĿģҪڹƽĻУ콾ɱһҪôҪôô򵥴ֱ
ڶؽи죬òɽҹ콾ϡ
ǲһҹ콾̤ɽͻܵ޴ѹƣѹƣȻǲܴڵģŻһţգɹʶҹ֣Բɽи졣
漰ʲôĽף˭֪ʣѾЭ顣
ָ죬ͬ컻һ㡣
Ȼֱ仯ھѾǻڽ󣬳ϵĽšԽʱ䳤Խǻᷢı仯컯˿̵ĲɽУʱ䶼˸ı䣬ڽһݱ䡣˲ǧš
ʮǻݿ֮գ콾սʮʮ꣬ڲɽУᾭǧ꣬꣬Ԫľ¡еĸַϣ컯䣬õɳɱ䣬ȫ
컯Ҳһɶ͵ġ
Ҫʱȥݱ䡣
ڵĲɽѾΪ˭޷ٽݹ·ڵλãˣ֮ءһжҪȵʮ󣬲֪е׷˶ٱ仯
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ҪŪɽǾǱȵ컹ѡ
һε콾֮սֻ»ҵ¡ݼأһԪҲ콾սսޱȣ֪콾Уĸңͻǿƺɱҹ콾ĻһսҹʤգһԪٴο콾սδػֹۡ
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սڲɽУԼѡһ㣬档ΪһףŮĹģٵģϣǶܻȥڲɽлȡԵ
̫죬ҪһˡܲҪȰס˵
аԺһͷ
ڲɽϵ伴ʱֻֻеͻȻ䣬һת˾ϣҲк϶ϡ
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ͺñڴǰһֻȻǲֵһᣬǿˣҲ̫ᣬΪϵ˵޹شţǻʨӲǵĻ˲䣬ͻע⣬Ҫѡ
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ңϵˣǾһָ·ƣɼ
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µͷԺУС·Ҫһ̳߽⡣
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һ룬ڵۼ̳˲ų貵⣬̳УĵԴԴϵĻصͬʱڼ̳ϵĺҲڵһʱ䣬ųѤ⣬Уݳһöų貵⣬ԭϯеĺڰͱס
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һۣҪ
һҪ
ģһΣиܵϢ
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ڲǶ֣ȴδءΣǼˣףδؾ޿ƥС
ãõĺܣȻ޷֣ҾҹһʲôʹࡣˣǾҪȥңʮٱĻȥҪȻ˾Ǻ۸ġ
аһĨɫ
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϶ɫ䣬У¶֮ɫ
ոյܵ
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Ц˵һ֣дС


2221 ʮɽ
һҹȻº֡ոǴͥɻʣȻҹܸϣһǺ֣޼ɵſȫûнǷ۵ףд
ãɻҲߣҪȻĳʲô£ĵ̶شǵ涼ᶪһɶ
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˵ĵߡ
Ҳ׵ҹеıɱ֮ĵжǿǺ޲ýңһ»ġϧҲô׾ܻɱġ
аԳ֣ºֵ£ûеóѣ֪ҪɱУԲһ򵥵顣ѶԵ졣
Ȼε飬мסˣУͬԼС
һЩ콾ҲǸͬܡ
ҹ콾ɱһжҪһսУҲԲܾôˡҲаףǾҹ콾ֲ
ЩԴܵעӣҲļԺУаףʥǰоһ˿ǾԲʲôǵĶ

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2222 һƱ
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2224 ϣ֮
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2225 Ӱټ
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ħȻڼɶԴ׾ڵӰ죬Ѿ΢΢֪Уøǿĸ򣬸Ƿ뵽֮ڣ̶̼ʱ䣬Ҳûԭȵĸ룬ȫ֮УΪĴϵת䡣
ߵ԰ص˵Լһˡ
ڴܱߵĽ򣬱ԽӵһħֵӰ죬һԴеѹ֪ٶΪ֮ͷʹѡ˯̤ʵ£һԼĽѾɴ׽ԼĲ³ӣֱӾͶˡǹĽһսľ
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һּ
ڴٽĸ߾ֱһɳǣɳȾפҲǲסֻΪһ֮أΪǰɷʳڡ
һٶʱܱ߽򣬷׷׷޴ĻգϼҴڵĴӸظдɳǵı߽֮ءڽ󣬷׷ȡǻԵ˾Υʳ˲ʹƵٶıԵ˹Աǰ󣬲֪ˣޡ
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ܶյͿ˵ҪףΪ
ֻزûдӦھܾǰ򣬱òܱ߽ҲսаգµԼΪͥҪأǰֻΪ֣ȡ󣬿ʱܱͣһ͸Էؼ硣
ÿһԴǵľܾ
ֻǸ𷢷
һ㣬ļ׵İգӿֳŨŨʧ


2226 
ֻѣǸǣ뵽֮УΪ񣬳ΪˣΪڴϵֻҪףЩʳǲĲѣӴԺֻҪŬ¿๤Ȼȥ⣬ܳΪʿĻᡣһ졣
ڣһĻͰǰȴ޷õ
ĸоˣܵĵļ尾
ϣҲˣܿϣȴ޷õǶôܵ顣
ΪܵţòԼԣڣûлףҪƷǣԼǴͥûɲǡ
ȥԸȥˣ㹻ˣһǰȥԸ˵ˣܶ඼ֱͶġԣֻҪܹ˵Щ߲㣬ҲлΪΪǵδҲҪȥԸ
غǵˣҪԼŬôȥܹҪԾȣҪ׷õףΪĻᡣ
ջһ𣬷Լ
Ǿʵ̫ˣԴнӴףܹĸܵͨյĲ࣬Ƕ֮޷Խĺ蹵Ҫ룬ңǽߣֻҪ⵱еǶõһλɱ䡣ջʵ̫ˡ
û˿Ե
еѾʼѣ֮ܶˣѾʼоۼһ໥׼ʩչֶΣٳһԣףΪ򶼳Ϊ׽ȡڴ׵

Щвû̫עе飬ڰѿطһĴϣռԣȡĺôմ߽һеֿаգĵĹ˳ףЩˣǲҪӦ⣬Ҫ
ѡȷȻҺãҶãѡ󣬻ĳУܵǴ
Ȿǹ֮ߡ
Ҳı
㿴Ϊ޷ܾ޷ıԼģܹܾʳ˭޷ôĺʲô׼ŭϣİջʲô顣ŭԽһûݻ١
ǣʮַġ
ܿһȻϢĽ뵽С
ֽˣȻξ־۶ɵľۺ壬̺־ɢؼ䣬ֻгв飬ŻͻȻ֣ƽʱǴһʶ˯ѵ״̬Ȼɺ֮ʹ־ܵķƲáҵӳȥٶȼ죬ûб־Щֻ֮꣬ϴ־ûĶҡ
ȻǷ̤磬뱾Ҳû̫֮ԷҲǺУ־ɶԼĳӡǣĻɣ̤ͻڿĵǣе̫ˡȻɺ֮˵ҲֻǾţһëѡ
յ־ǿңȥɢˡ
ҲҪ͵͵
ڽжıͺô
٣ͻȻܵ˵Ĺ
磬Ȼÿһν룬ȫͬ顣
пܣܿԼĵطȻһ޴أܵһƱ̵ڿУɢһ޷ܵĶˣֱ޷ȥ
һۿȥܱ߻ʮֶӡ
ˣ
ûͣãк׵Ĵܼ
̧ۿȥȻܿУһֻֻѪɫľ޴Ѫò֪ð˳ЩѪÿһֻСţô󣬳ѪɫĿޱȣ羧㣬ͬƷѤ죬˲ɵǿҵʧѤС
ѪãҪڣܹ˲佫һȫѪҺȫɵǾһζʣ£ôĲбֲµǣǶǿѪܹͨΪѪӰɱ磬˷ʤͨһͨκβѪá
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һֻѪӰħþѾܿ£µǣѪû۳ȺǧĳûĻʵѪҪǿʿ󣬶ᵱɫԥѡӶԶ롣
ϣһµجΡ
ڳǰģֹǳǧȫʮϰĹģ
һۿ־塣
ͬһƬѪϯ

пȴ˿û˱ܵĴ㣬л³һ
Ϳйâһ
һֻɫıƿ׵ĳС
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һ䣬ʱͿƿϣתշתۼ䣬ͳ󷨽⣬˸ܿгɫڽ任ƿλãƾճһУУݳ޷ݵ
һγɣͿȺǵϯѪã׷ױƿѵĻᶼûУӱƿɢ̫£̺ΰ֤ǿߣ޷ѡֻܱſٳƿȥ
ѪòϻΪѪӰɾɢǻΪѪӰҲûа취
ܿǵԽǿƿԽСԷ˵ٶСţһεΰǵС
գ֮䣬ͱǿȡȥ
һֱ̣ӽ֧ѪȺϰֻѪø֣ǿɽȥƿС
öһ

һ䣬ƿڳɫ⽻任һųɫ棬ҡһҡͻΪ棬ƿеѪ÷׷׷Ĳҽ
лΪУȫȥоںһ
һĵ£ԪصϣٽƿС

䡣
ڱƿںȻݳһ
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ϸȥⵤҩɫǳɫͨ嶼ɢһص⣬â˸䣬ճ渡ֳһĵơ
һ


ߵ˸õҩͨɢһԡ
ת׹ǣˡƽֻѪ۳һöתѾʮöȥ󣬷ڹµУſһϲ񡣡
пһƿУԵͷ
ЩѪõƷףԴﵽ߽ףÿһֻ龳ʿڣֻܹΪһҩǺ覴õʮɵת
˱ҩҲΪϱҩ
ƷôߵģǵһۣſԴǿ׵ĵʵ
߽ѪãҲֻвŻС
꣡
¡¡
ʱȻܿܵ󣬺׵ĿʼŤ
з˳˷񱼳ȥ


2227 ߲ʱ
ãƬҪˡͫһܵһֲõĸоŤգܱߵأͬһ㣬ʱҪıԵǸоΣգЩǱеĸ޹Ӵܡ̬ȫǸһ룬ᵱ˲䣬ʵҲˡ
һ磬ͻȻ
ɵƻһȥ׶༪١磬˿ѷɫҹĶ磬Ծǹ䣬ʱпܱпܵȫµ򣬵ʱƻʵ籾ΰģǻ
ȴԲ̫
Կ֤ǿ䵱
ÿгֱɴĸ飬ܲӳȥֻ˵ǿʵΪһʼٶȣͻ쵽˷ָĵزֻЩڱԵнϴĿ
Ҳûгɣһ䣬Ϊһ⣬Ѹƿշɳ
һ֮䣬Ѿġ
һѾڱıԵش̤գȻܿһĳ˳ǵأиģûеȵ˲ͱУµ£һ߾˲飬·Ӱ㣬֧飬䣬ͨӲ
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飬һĿĻ棬Ҳŵþʧ룬ٴԶӶݡ
ϧˣҪȫƿĻȫԻȡһ˵аҡҡͷ̾飬ȫջ޷ġ
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Ǿһɺ֮γɵ©޴ڲת֮ԴԴϵĻ۶λ÷ӵȥ
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ĿãҲһ˿ɫ
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ַ·ʵעӡ
ǿӣͷ·޵׶㡣ԴԴϵĽĺ֮ɽȥжپɶ١
ͬʱʱҲڿٱãɢⲻӡ
һɫ
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ʱ䰴Ʒףкܶɿеģɫʮ⣬Խ綨Ʒףδ֪κƷ׵ıﶼпܴڡȻǰɫɫײʱ䣬ǳ
ȻǶɫʱ䡣
ÿһɫǶñƷʴгȻϣɫȫǾ߲ʱ䣬ܹļʣӡ
ʿԣǶ֮͵䱦
Уһĳ𣬲֮мĿܻᵮɫʱ䡣
ǰ߲ʱ䣬Ծġ
ʱ۵˲䣬ͿУ׵ģһֻɫצѾſצ·Խضצ£հϯĿģȻҪʱץߡ
צ£·ܸܵʱŵٶȶĸı䣬仯ٶȼ죬ʮֵҡ
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Ҫ׽ǵӰټȻǧѡÿһֻǿޱȣֻǰһֻһֻʵﵽ֤εĿʱ֮
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飡
һ̣һֻ·֮ľȺȻ˹һɿ񱩵Ϣ֮
ˡ
ͫһγֵģȻһ֮޴󣬼أץһ̧־ͳʱ֮һôȥ̣˴Ŀġ
ͬʱһȭͷߡ
Ĵڣһһܱߵ֮ķӿ
ѾϢա𶥼ǿȴûзĴڡ
Ȼǿ󣬲ϧߣ߲ʱ䣬ҲҪ
һĨ⣬йâһȻܿһ˸ɫĳƾճУ泤ϸȥ棬Ŀ˸һ𲻶ǿҵ塣ÿһ̺Ų˼ΰ
Ȼǿᦣ
Ѿ̺ųǧΪԴ
ˢ
סᦣҡ
Уӿתзɳһ𣬾ȻΪһɷɵķ·һд˲ʱ֮ǰ

𣡣
𶥼ǿڿЩ󣬷׷׸оһвŭ𣬳ȥҪȻЩٶ̫ˣʱͻȻ黯ǿߵӲȥùǡҪ
ڴЩѾĲǵ֮ϡ
飡
޴ײУʱ֮ǣڵ·һƾʧˣͬʱ׹䣬ڵϣ¶ַŭ
գ
пзһ£𶥼ǿѾƾʧѹںС
ᦽ̺̫죬Խиָķɸָķͨո۳ģǷӡ
һ䶴һӡ׼䣬ѱѡ
ڱսڣҪѣӲܡ
ǹ죬ѾΪǷ֮ˡ
пһԶʱ䣬һΣʧ


2228 ʥ
߲ʱ쳣УļҲ΢΢Уɴﵽߵ߲ʣȴָ伸ʣǰ֮һ屦ĿԴÿһöʥˣӣƴᡣпܻž˵컯ոճֵʱ֮ߵ֤δڣǸոտʼѣʱиǿĶڳ֣һãﷶΧĿֲս
Ϊֻѡ
ȻǵʲõĽѵԴͷֱӸˡ
ֹ飬˭
뿪ûƬ̣һ־˲ڸոձϿա
߲ʱϢѾ˽ȵˡ
ߣϢ֪Ǳ˭߲ʱ䣬ǿǶ屦ܿ䣬̺컯һжпܡǸҪ֪˭õˣĲ
һ־ٳ˷ɨӹȥ
ҪҵǴ߱ˡ
ϧʲôûз֡
ֻܲʵȥ
˿̣Ѿʮ֮⡣вʧһĨɫոЩ˿ʥѷɫĵ̣ҹѷɫЩɲ⡣
ǲ֪УûԨħĸһߴڡ⣬Ӧûаɡ
Ժһͷ
ϾҲߵ֮һ̺ʵǿƥû㾳ǿߣֻ£Ҳ޷ﵽֵزȻһĴڣܿӵġֻܵȵп̽Ļᡣ
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Խ룬Уֱ֮ڴԽĹУûյӰ졣ˣͨʿУǴ粽Уʱпܼµĺ
֪УѾһƬ޴ƽԭС
һۿȥǴ̵̵ƽԭҰ
ˡ
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ͣ˽ŲɨܣĻ⡣漴һ䡣ֱӴ߶ϡʱͿ֮ųһѤ⡣
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֮ôȵҪǿ̫౶ÿһ̶ûֹͣǿ
֮һͳµĴȥűۿɼٶȷϡϣ·ܿףÿʱÿ̶ڱãʿһֻۣ¶ᵱ񣬻ᱻµ֮ʴ
ĸ룬ѸøӴ׳ԴԴϵȥ˷ɢ
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գۼ䣬͸ɣǧɣɵķΧ
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֣ǴУ޴ڵ֮ԴԴϵ֮˷۶֮εʽȻȻʼγɣգۼ䣬ͽԲǧڡ
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⣬е⣬⣬ǽ뵽ϣ⣬̤ӵ޵δ
ǵģһĿģΪ￪һʥءʥأҹıʱȫԽ˿ԽʵõĽޡҹʩмƻ
ʥأȻҪȷʥеĹ
ʥع򣬲壬ֻҪʥع򣬽Կɽ롣ʥض档
вûгɣһ䣬Ѿȷ¶صʹȷͬʱһɶȻȻĳ˷ɢȥϴݵܱԺС
˭ĸоһʥصˣңԴκ壬ֻҪʥأͿܡҲõĻܵϮʱضиΣա
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ʥأһʥصˣʥأȻûκҪ˭ǰֻҪȥܱɳΪʥ̫ˣҪʥأҲҪĵֱجһ㣬нûա
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˿̣֮ǳУǰȻڷֻ߲ʱ䡣һĨ˼ʱûд֮ǰ̺Ǻ֮ĳ̶ֳϣʱҪʲôԱγɵıһӰ죬ԸõӦıȻּʲǺܸߡ
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һħܳħǹʲôܴϳȻɣûк츫֮ںܶʿ˵Ҳ챦£ħõѡ֮һлԵδزΪ鱦Ǻ鱦ϣδػѷɫ졣
׸߲У󲿷ɳ֮ħΪԼı
ԣﲻȱкڣһ챦Ѿ۵ס׼䣬ȥһʮ⣬Ч챦
οɱȺҹħЩһԪдϲԲô׿ɱġ壬ҲһʧԲܳκ©ԣҪģֱܹӶȺϲĲвıһԵҲԡ
һĨɫ
ܲܿɱȺҹܣνֱӾˣֱܲɡﵽȫµĲΣ磬ڽĴսУռݵһơ
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һ֣ʱ򿪡
ˢ
ڱУųһ貵߲⣬ȫ֮ܿڱڻۡʹڲӿ֡֯һ¶䣬˫
ҪֱɱҹħıһԵıֻҪɱǣԡ
лдżᶨɢһֽԵ͸֮УԼ䣬ڵʹ򣬳һ˿˿ת䡣
ɢĹâǰδеǿʢţ˲ɢΡ
һ룬ͿڣֻһƷ
ǡһŵ
Ŀ£ٲȻһöڱС


2229 
ôһŵеԣҲɵ¶һĨ֮ɫҪĿֱܹɱȺҹܵĶɱ㲻ԸҲӦûһŵʵЩԽܡ
䣬Ѿָ
һŵҲԲͨĵϾǴ߲ʱп䱦
飬Ҳһ
Сգŵʲô
ǰȻһ飬ϣһĴָ̤ϣ¶ǵĹâ
ˣģѾòһˣǰȣڵңȫ֪ȫܣؼ䣬ûʲôùҵ۾Ҿǻ֮񡣰ϡ
Сһţţʺ̬
漴ͱһǱѹˡ
ٷϻ쿴ʲô
ָǰĵѯʵʵڴ򿪱ʱѾڤڤеĸӦ֪Ӧǽ档
ǵģǹ档
ǣʱֺ󣬾ʲôûˡһ㶼ûиߣ⵽ʲô⡣棬֮𣬻ʲô
һֱ̣ӵķѯ顣
źɱѾΪƷ֮ߣУһǶһ޶飬ܴﵽһΡ
ﵽؼ䣬ù飬ָ
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棬һö浰
СտһöֵͿ˵ü仹¶֮ɫƺǲ졣
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ҪĶûжǿ޷ġ
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2230 ¶
ˣҲܾύ˵κ˶ڣʥǵϤ̶ȣɣǧɱԼ֪ҪʤٱܶʱԼ첻˵飬ɵİ쵽ңʥܼ򵥵ȥڿɻҪūʱ䣬λū˿Ǿ㣬ҪнסУǶڻһ˵ū˵кܴľϲ
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Ȥ˵Ժпһͷ
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Ƕʱڣʣ̩һūרŶĸ˲ţҲһвСĴҪ֪磬ںϹУܶţٻûгɳʱܵˣܵΧˣմʹĴۣ
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кѯʵ
ʮһ䣬Уһ֮֮ʮѤߣ޲ͬξ֮УԸǿҲܵһӰ죬д飬ڿ֮󣬾ͻ᳹䣬ޱλУ֮ἳȡõξһ䣬¶
¶ֻҪ룬ʵ֣ʱ⵹ԾֳԼҪ챦Լ⣬仯һƷֻҪ㹻¶һγʥǶпܵġ
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׾ܸܵ
¶ʵ̫ˣ֪жǿ䣬ӵͿֲһźƽһв֮¡ֻһ㣬ֵ
ڣϢһ֪ǿ߶¶ʱ׼ᡣ
ȻᣬƴľԼǮʵҵǷ⡣
ǲѪս


2231 һ
Ǯһû¹
¶һĨ֮ɫ¶ȻѾʮ⣬ıеزһΣһλ֪Ҫȵʲôʱԣ־ڱصá
¶⣬һֶص䣬ɽɽǶ䣬뵽Уܹ÷ԣǾǽԸ棬ɷ졣鱦ɱ鱦תԴϴȥ֮Ϊܡһöɽ𣬾Ϳһ취ɱ졣ںܶǰûеõ鱦ѡ취Ϊ˵һε컯ֵ޿ɹ
ǧһ˷ܵ˵κܶǿ߸ϹΪľɽı죬ȻδػѷɫǱϣȴǾм޵Ǳвġλϵɽ𣬾˵һоöھкܶ˷ųҪ㾡ȫȡɽ𡣡
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һЩй콾顣֪ʥУһ񵥣ʥֳ˰¼ͨ콾Ϊ֮µǿߡذ¼Ķ콾Ϊ֮ϣ̨֮¡ֻдﵽ֤εĶǿߣʸλСѾ콾ĵǿߡ
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κһλλȨأ𣬾ͻᱻ֪
ǵ֣ͻᱻ֪
Ʊжǧ˵߰ɣȥҰ̩ܸҴʲôľϲ
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̩ܹ㣬⣬Ѿ÷ˮ𣬺ܶʥҪʲôǶūǿߣƯɵŮūǶӦоС

ʱһʮˬʵЦ洫ţͿһ˶˳ÿһ·ܸоھ𶯣һĪѹȸС
ֵܣˣЩ꣬ҿĴΪ˲ңڿֵܹȻǼǸգΪ׼Ϻõϯ棬һҪԸˣ顣
ֻ̩һˬʵЦӭӳ
ΣȻеִʥǵϢѾ֪ҪȻҲôɣô͸˳
лģڳԵĻͲˣ֮ǰѾԹˣιҲ˵ϰһϵȻԣҲȲĹ˳һЩ۵ĻһĿô꣬ҲӦõȵĺżˡģĳ˵ĻȻǮǾԲġ
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Ȼ̩ôżܳԭ򣬾ҪԼ¿ʼף£ĴūɲҪֱԼУҪ֪ʵ̫ˡ
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˭뵽ܻôū
һףǼ۸ء
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һ׵˿ڣǶôӴĵ̡˿ڻ˳ĸڡ˿ڣ㹻ȥѹһУռһ򣬲ڳǧ򣬻̵ľ
˿ڣܵ㹻˵˲
ڴ׾ڣӿֳ˲ţ˲ţƵϵͳǳԽԭʷ˲ŵţѾʵδ
һףôٶȣǽСﵽӾ˵֡
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̩Ц˵ˣӣǮ͡УһǧңӣһöʱʮŮӣһöʱҿɹʮң֮ǰеĸ˲ţЩм˲ţͰͳһļ۸ʮöʱһ㿴Ρ
۸ѾǺܹļ۸гҲ˵ġ
ãͰ۸㣬׼ֱߡ
ƽ˵
һΣû׼Լʥر¶ȥ׼ð̩ͻֱӴߣֻҪͽоͿԣһжݡ¿ʼܺãϢԴԴϵĴáΪṩ˿ڡ
ֵܷģ׼ˣʥУʱߣҸұ֤ôģǴʱһһģһһë١
̩ЦĸӲá
ǲҪô˿ʲôֻҪǮͿԡ
ūֶȻеģūݣǴĵá


2232 ˲
ūռūڶ࣬Ȼͬһ㣬ǣĻ׵ÿĵʳԴǶ޷ģȺÿյģҪǾ֮󣬽ᳬӴ˷ָȻ˷ʳ˵˷ʳǾ˷Ǯơ
һūҪԺȣһ꣬ǻҪҪ׬ǮǿѼҡ
飬ôܻԸȥ
̩Ȼܰװǡ
ȻֶΡ
Уһ磬ڣý飬뵽˯УߣߵĹУ·붬һģ٣£ֻҪһΣͿάһģ֤šһ״̬
ңӪǼ򵥣У̺ʣʣάǵģҲˣֻ˵ǰĿԻȥ״̬
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׬ȡʮֿɹۡ
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뿴ҪĻȫǵһ磬ͨūھͿԴߡ
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ȻܿһۿȥǰһƬ嫾޴Ŀռ䡣УһŲһõģŻģ˸ŮҲС꣬ӤС
һôУһ͸ڣ棬ͬ˯εУһǺ˯ϢǲٵġݣһС΢飬鲼գֱһȥɽ纣ǴĿġ֮࣬һףǾԲٵġ
ľôӴ
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׵ͷּ䣬ͿһռƾճƬС
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ռŵĿ⣬ȫ޷ڸһڴֻϧЩǣԶ޷õģǸܹյġҲܹӵеģռţԴһֱϢǲܱȡġӲҪ˵ӵģһǶǿߡ
Բ˭ܹ̽˵ġ
˲е˼ǻġ
жеӣҲ˲䱩ǣη֮ġ
ˢ
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ڿռ䣬ʵѾһ޴磬棬ʵҲдͥĹƹܣֻǣƹܵķʽ΢һЩ棬Թͨ˵Ȣӣܺﵽһ󣬽ᱻʱߣȴŽĻᡣ
ң˿ڣлиı㣬ڴ׶ԣдõġ
Իϴóļƻ˵һʱꡣ
ȥڶռ䣬ﰲŵרԤ˲š
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⽻ףɵʵ̫ˣһжõģǮƣǼеĲƴ֣ǽһ죬Ǯ˵پǶ١
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ǸոūǮƣһʹһʣһ¡
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ںܶУκʱܹӱһˣ٣ϣԳͨ˵ĽޣЩͨ˵Ǿ˲š൱ˡ
Щˣ˲֮УҲ

׵ͷ
һ֮ģҲ˲ţֻ֮ҪרŵļգаټҼգȫµĵ·°빦ôࡣ
Ǻǣ￴һץһĶ˲š
̩⣬ҲŵָһƬֻƬУҲһݣڣߵģȴһʲ׵˲š
Щҿϸѯʹ֮ǰξУ٣λȨأλ˳֮Ҿãǵļֵֵǧ𡣡
̩ǣǿرԴݵλָͬһйٷӰиٴԭУǿ̫ξλãλȨأ³ѵõ˲ţ˵ǧҲְɡ
ٴ̫ξ
۾΢΢һ΢΢鴤
˲
ʷϣǿǶ˵˲ţʵҲݼأдһƯë֣һʫʸ踳ףʹǹŪһ书ֻǣ䱾ʷʲôǾͲ˵ˡ
һλ߾̫ʦ֮λҲȨ㳯ҰλȨءҪǧҲɡ
̩ٴεָһ˵

ǳ鴤ĸˡ
üһһٴ㣬㾹Ȼҵò˵ҲǸ˲Ű
һλԣ̫ʦ
κֱ֮ͣΪǧ꣬ǽһǶ˲š
̩ܵǽһ²䡣ǰλ˳Ȩ㳯Ұ绽


2233 س
㻹Щ˲ţһȴܽǸռȫˣǡ˲šѽɫŹֵ˵Щ˵˲ûǣЩɶʷļһͨ죬Լʱ߳ƣǣ̰پǼ鳼˵еĶﰡ׵ģһȺ鳼
̩ʲôȻܽô鳼һ𡣷Ǹһ޴ġϲ
ôѵʲô𣬻֮ǰЩƭҡ̩еƺЩԣ̲סѯʵû˽ЩɶǴٰ
ôߵλã˲ʲô
ôǱȴҪ̫ࡣ
ûʲôԣЩǡ˲šҲ׼¡Уʲôվܹ̺õġеȻһЦƽһ飬˵
鳼
֮вûУ磬̰ĺͫ|ڴڣĿ൱ѾλȨˣԭ̰˼ϣҲԼλá
˵ҵԼֵԭȵУЩ꣬ѾϴĲˣֻҪͫ|ٳǰĴǾͲ̫Ӱ졣ڴ׳УɾĿռ䡣һ鳼δزܳΪ׵һԴڵƣļֶΡ
ҪڴгΪһ鳼ŪǿɾԲһ׵顣
УЩͳسԲῴλ
׿ɲʲôҪʵʵڵĹйͲܽҪǾͱҪڵײһӵ׼ɲǿЦ
ٴݣڴУǽصעҪʲôԾģһӶͷֻҪ;ǵģҲһֲ١ƣ͸Ĺ򣬴ĺôÿ˵;ܵĹƽ
Щûġ
һٴο򰢶̩
ҪŪһȺ鳼شףȻʲôеƻǻеġһȥһ鳼Ժ󣬴׵ĳУ˵úˡʲô޷Ԥϡ
κͣӽɹںúù̼ܽ˵ţǣеֶΣܹԼλãʲô֡
ȻУߣҲһٵˡ
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ռ˲ʱôֻôֻһֶѣʲôĻȻ֪һܵٵģһǴˣˣǾͿ϶б˵Ĳܡ
һλǺҲһ٣˰һλδȣһλġ
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һΣɫҲΪ΢ÿ࣬٣֮ǰȫһȺ鳼ϣҪȻҪ̩ͷ
һνܵ˲УĶ˲ţ˲ţƷеõֻ֤Ҫףһʱڴ׳еĵ·ʮ˳һЩŴʼնǴڵġǰǣʵ
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ûгɣٴλּ䣬˲ţȡӦңԴɡ
ռڣٴαɨһգֱڡ
һĻڰ̩УȴǻϲЦݾû£ȫֿ˻ĴеĽףƽʱϰҪߡ
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еģȫͬһ㣬˸ŽĹ˿͸һ


2234 ʦ
ϣȴݳʵʵڵϢͬһòЩ˭޷ϵģޱȣĽһ㡣ˣʯͷһ㣬һҺۺһ𣬷·ʷķһϳ𣬺һǿҵĳȸо
ľˮ֮
ͫһϸܵͬǵıԴͬͬһ壬һģֻȴǲͬģŲˡ
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Ȼ̫ǲʲôģǵذϰף콾׼ǰ


2235 
ӣ˵ѾȷҪμ콾֮սˡϢô֪ǧԵú𾪣ɲС£ӵ֣УǾ׹˲֪˲л֪֮䱾ʵʣҪߵεȵز
ӳһ壬У֮Ĵڣ籾Դϣÿһǵõصףӣӵеʣÿһġһ㣬ǺʣӹɵġӸеٮٮߣеѪŨȼߡһ
ξͬʱ׹䡣
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һ㣬Ѿ֪ӵĿ֮
֮˭Ϊ壬һνԿգ
֮ӣУǾһʱ޷Խĺ蹵ԽҪμ콾֮սǾԲҹ콾ѷɫǣڴսУʣΪ磬ʡչ¶۷硣
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˵ÿһʮֵ졣

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óɫԿ
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¶һĨ΢Цһһ֮͵ҲűȤϹһ̡ǳɹջڴ

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öƽϺȻһֲѷɫڱʯ֮Ķʳģпڸˣû뵽ִ˵еʳģҲԴҵˮ򣬹Ȼḻ
ʳģûп
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գ
գ
գ

Ȼ·ʧˡ


2236 
һŴΣȫǿչжҧȴʱδǿչѾʧǳ׵ĿգЩǮƣ˲ʹˮƯһˮûмУֱܡһ΢һĻͻıԵ
ڣֻǸǮƶѣȱٵľⶫ
һöҿֱӶһʮöʱҡ
ֶһıУҲǱعͬġǣʮֵĻӭϾҲԸ죬Ը磬;мĺô
ûоܾĵ
УҲȡд
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һ㣬߱Ͽɡ
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ͣǽʾ۳ɸ챦ý顣ۣܲǾͿһ˿Ե
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۾һ漴ƿӡ򿪱ϻʱڱϻУݾᾲ档
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ڿ󣬾þòһͷųȥԵġǶҹʹãûκѹȻǵˣǾ伫ûʲô¿ԡ
а󣬿ٽͼֽʣͼֽκ˳˵޼֮޷ļֵսԵĵλУǾͿ϶Ҫġ
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¶һĨ΢Цһһ֮͵Ҳű

һĳˮֻһŴˮ˦ʱâɢȻܿһۣճģׯʥִ࣬һȻϢŮƾճڼװϡһۿȥܿһ߹Ů
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йâ˸ֱӶϣոջԼ֮УȻĪһԼԼ֮⡣һδ֪֮ء
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2237 
Ů񣿡ǰŮҲɸֳһĨɫѯʵ֮ǰĴ򣿡
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Ҫκ˶ԽУûκżǮûǮܽ룬߲ܡֱнı͡ȫҪκεġصʩġ
ǧһĨ˵
ʥڣһܶʿǿߣĵطƽʱ£һһγƽʱмۣףƽġλȻ͡
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ڸҪ̤ʱһ
תͷȥȻܿǽлǵĻ̫ǡ
˿̵Ļ̫۾ð⣬Уǽһ
ЩҲȱԣƷȴ֣ЩûиĺóһֱǣȴôҲˣû뵽ʱͼĵĿ
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Ц˵
ٺ٣ģһ̫ǷĶǿǶĺܡȫõģ˽ٽס
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һ䣬ֱڿŵλϡΣʮʣ棬·һֻֻСڸĦһ㣬ˬǰҲиָĹϹƷȡáȻ̫󣬿ȫѵģЩһʾ޴ĿֱʾԲС
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󲿷ֱͿʼֻ̨Ϲâһһɫֵۣ̬ӳ棬ʮֵĸ̬ϵЦݣСɵ׽øС
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λֻͣᣬ֡еĹشҶӦúֻҪǮͿԽнף۸ߵáɺǰͻһ̨ӦǮƷȥɽףȡƷ֮УٱۡˣΪΥ棬ֱӱΥ棬ԶýСԣλС
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ЦָǼƷڵĺڲѾҿһ۾ܿһƬҶӣһöҶҶϣصľ󣬸ö·֣һۿȥܸܵʮֵأء
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һöҶҲҶҶ̺žֻ֮ҪԸͿ棬ȻǰǲΧ֮⡣һöҶһҹɵ룬棬ȻֱӾ鱦ȴԸߣȡԼϵ챦мߵǱ
ֻЦſڽܵ
һƷǾʮֵϡУеĶӵҶΪǧ꣬ǧ꣬ǧ꣬ǧ꣬Լһꡣʮꡣ


2238 
ʮҶ˵ֱӾֳ鱦ȻֻƷ鱦һ䱦Լ۳鱦ҶУһҶһһִƵġġ˵δʵƷס
ﵽʲô߶ȣ˭
ܳһݵҶֵ֮ߣؼѵõֻٷΧǲģھȻϣⲻĻһṩƷ
Щܸıֵ
Ҷ׼һöʱңÿμӼ۲һڿʼġλԳۡ
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⻹ֻǵһƷѾܹܵĹ֮ߣԳ
ҳһһǧ򡣡
һǧҶҪõһö
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ڻһ¼䣬һ۵пٻص
۸ڷʸߣҶĹ屦ϡ٣ֵָߣ˵ʿıͨʿֱܹƽƣһɳ졣
֮ң֪
ʮöʱҡ
ھﵽҵʱֱӿһۡ
۸һ˲䣬Уһžʮöʱң۸񣬶һңҲһöҵļ۸񡣿֪ǿ۵ļ۸
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Ȼ̺֮ȷʵʡ棬ֻ΢ѷɫԸ֮һ
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ǺöԼãΪҲοܹƾվ֣ԼҪʲô챦ȫƾҶʵ֣ҪѾĻȥѰҡ
ȻϢĽҶڡ

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ֻ仰һͶݣͬܡ
Ͼ˭ԼһӾôûˣǿɲǿЦģţҲǾһ
ЩǲԸıģһԱеı䣬ǾǹҪףҪĲʮҪϡвϡ񡣿䣬ϡټƳɵĹι򣬲Ӱ죬ңһԱǿЧ汦ӵ͵ڣڹг衣Ҳú¶Ĺ򡣡
ֻдһּ
ܹ˲ܵӰ汦У֪ǻ󵽺εȵز
ֹ汦Уһ鱦ֻ¶û˻Ը⽻ã̫ˣȫǱܵİȫС
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֮ǰıʵ򣬾֮ڷ䶯йڵĻ붼ãУ𡣾ô
ȻıȻǳžϲ
аԸпҲ֣֪Ĺ䣬ǿߣȻ뷽跨Ľп˷ҵƽ֮ȻӦԵķ֮һ
δػΨһ
û̫ãѾӵϣ۳֮κεطԿٳʥأѹ䣬õ֣ô󣬶ң϶ֹһöȿ˵۸ʣҲУ۸̫ߣǾͷûбҪΪʸ֮ġ
аԳ
һö׼һöʱңÿμӼ۲һǧڿʼġλԳۡ
ֻЦ˵
⻹ֻǵһƷѾܹܵĹ֮ߣԳ
ҳһһǧ򡣡
ڡǴ˵е汦ǰֻ˵ǵһԲܴ鸽ҪˣҵҲҪõһö
ҳڡ
ڻһ¼䣬һ۵пٻص
۸ڷʸߣ鸽Ĺ屦Уֱ޼֮۸ٶȣʿѾ֮Сȫļ顣

۸һδʵǵȫµĸ߶ȡ
գۼ䣬ͳʮڵ֡
ڲÿμӼۣȫġңּӼۣһͻᱻѹȥ
ܶûʵȥıͣһĻǶĿɿڴ¶֮ɫȻû뵽ֳģݱ䵽˷ĵز
вûпھģֻǾۿš
ȫܸܵЩģȫʵۺ񣬵̼ǿ
գɽ۴ﵽһʱҵۣɹס
˭ɱܣֻǿ֪˳ɣǮ塣
󣬸ָƷϳ֣ÿһ棬˴ԴҪıκһϡȱ֮ֵǡУϵĳһ߼ۡ
Ҳǽ֣ıС


2239 
лмıԴ棬磬оһͼֽһһսɱͼֽΪ̰ǼڣսһԼǳҲ˵дݻǳĿƻײе¡֤ǿߣҲвǣԪʥ˵
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˭óͼֽһķĵ̡ܹʵԵɱ䡣
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ջǱʮʱҵС
̰ǼҪɷͭϣϡڴͥУӵеģҲֻССһݶѣֻһ̰ǼڣȥҪ϶ʣǷа취õࡣ
аԳ
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ıȻӶ࣬УǿǴ׵ĵ̣Ǯƣ֮ѡ
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ֻһ֣ежʱȴ¶һĨ֮ɫóһرŻͿŮһֻϻչ̨ϡ
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ܶ౾׼Ϣġ
겻ΨһģֶͨλȡȫҪ˴ĴȥȡǲֵõġǮҲô˷ѵġ
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֪УѾβ
׽ٴǧ棬̫뿪Уھ¥л棬һʽ׺漴뿪ʥǣʥʥС

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ȻҹϢȻ棬ΪȻ׵ĿԽĽޣȻϢĳҹܹĻǶһĪв
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2240 ı
磬ȫԳΪһ˭Ҫܹס;аѿսľȨ棬ǳġ
ܣ⣬һ˿ѷɫҹĶ磬ʷǹ䣬һ룬ǿߣҲпܻУԳѡҹ֪Ҳ޷áеǿߣɲ
ҡҡͷ񶨵
Ҫҹܹ磬нĻһԪѾóˣԲȵڣ粻˭õģǹһ硣ʵʱпȥһʵԻΪޡ
ԽǶǿߣԽǶеɵ
׶漰һ硣
ҪϣʱؿʥأȶʷãҲԸȥ֮ţУÿ춼кİ̤磬ÿ춼޷ľ顣ڣЩҲֻǾ䣬ֻ־ܵһЩˡ
һ󣬾ٴλָ
֮УѾΪһֳʽܲϴлȡ챦ԴܶרŶйԵ֮֡
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ţˣڣȴԽΪȫܿķҹߣҸҿ϶ڳҹǾԲ֪ġ
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ü˿˿˷ܡ
ܹȻϢǱҹսҲҹǰڣҪǲúýһ꣬ǰһΡ
ţǹһȷ׼ȷԣҪ̽ҹսʵѶϢпܣǾͳֱֽӳߡ
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ڣһĿѾõ֤ʵȷʵͨΪԽޱ߾룬ֱӽҹսڣҪĿġ
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Ѫħһĵ̣սУҹ֮ڣռһѪ֪Ѫħжǿռ˸ơСǣ
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˶ǶǿߣɡΣУٴеͼֱָĳĿȥ;Уܿҹսϣһ޴ĳǳÿǳУܿսūԴԴϵȻ󣬱Ѹ
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޲TҲǰԼɵ
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һ·̸˿ûоܱߵҹħǡ֪УѾһ޴ƽԭС
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ͣ½ŲʱȻܿǰһƬ嫵ƽԭȫѪɫģڵץһһ󣬾ܿһεѪѪ͸ŵŨŨѪϢȫܹܵУ̺ɷһħħѪɢϢ
ϣһƬƬݵء
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ħѪƬƽԭ棬Ѫ֮С
޲T໥һۣĸо´һɺ嫵Ϣܸоƺûдﵽ£ڳɳ֮Сһ
ѪħصأĿأԳɭϡЩûУЩѪħѹ֮ϣɼȡ֮ÿһѪħڣѪħǿչءеǿߣѷɫ֤иǿ֮Уײ뿪
޲T˵
ƺ֪Ѫ֮صһЩѶϢ
ĻҪβ͵ħѪ
΢΢ü£ҪϢ͵Ǿ졣


2241 㱦ƿ
ھͿ޲Tûкõİ취ܹܹǾͶ֣ǾҪ˼УϾɲǶϷһҹǿǰ˵ȫ˶
޲TŷǷʼգס
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ҪѣѵǣαܿѪħǿߣ˭лԪεħ粻ܷʲô飬Ƕ뿪иѪħ壬˭һ㡣
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κǵһĴڡҪޱȣһͿһͥǶӲͨǿߣ֮͡ÿһȺҪ
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ǾԾԵʵǿйѪ֮أǰЩѪħǿȫ¾һգȻȻܶȡֻڿҪ빥ռѪ֮أЩѪħǿߣɣǽ⣬޲TӵжսҲ˵ֻѪ֮УͬεǿߣоģͲֹλ
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ħ棬ִ̼飬ȻӸȤ
ңҪֶΣҪȻҲ׾ߣȫȻԪʥѷɫ
ãǾͳһ£η䣬ǳɹ˵
Ŀȣ˵
ã׼׼ȡɲһɵĻ벼ǣ󣬲ᦣΣУȱκһֱʡñڣЩ׼ֻҪҵطȥС
ûκγɡ
ܿѪ֮ѡһ쳣εɽȣٽһ̳úã̳һһᦡķ˸ȻںһȴԷֺֻҪԸ⣬ʱܱ˵
ھͿɻˡ
޲TɲúתͷУЦ˵
ģһһյġı˳졣ܲܳɣǾͿˡ
еȻһЦƽ˵
йâһȻһֻƿС

޲Tͫһ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ƿϣܸܵһңԲͨȻóǾͼ򵥲ȥҲԾ̾еĵƻףҿһһţ˾η
ɲǴײˡ
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Ҫǣ㣬ϢȵʱѾ˯ˣ֪£ѹ쳣ֻԼͻȻ˯һѡȻºЩԪεĶǿߡ
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Ҫǳ˯ѹˡ֪ȫҪ¡
û뵽лıؼʱ̣ܹ𵽾Եá
޲TҲ¶һĨɵ
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㱦ƿǶƫƫȾ綾Ҫ¡
綾ֲܷǶ㣬֮ĶУϢС
Ҫڵϣ޲T˿ֻ˵һ䡣
ɵƯ
ţھͿЩѪħá
׵ͷûäĿֹۣϾûеó֮ǰһжǳġʲôԶСᷢ
һ䣬㱦ƿУȻȻƮɢһ˿˿㣬ñŲģһ֣ͳ˷ʼɢȥͬʱеĴ߶£һȻγɣ㳯Ѫ֮ϯȥɢٶȣʮ־ˡ
̼䣬͸סѪ֮أϣ¶ʼ͸
ɢ͸ɲһǿ󣬲ϵ£ܹ͸ȥ뵽޴ڵԪУÿһա
֪УѾѪ֮ء
ɢûֱӷȻϢĽÿһѪħʿڣźԪһһȻȻĽ뵽ڣ뵽ѪС
Уһ㶼ûв
ڵЩѪħԪǿߣҲûвֻоһ糣ûʲôõı仯
һʱ
ʱ
գۼ䣬ʱôȥ
л޲Tʱ䣬˷ͬһĸʱ䣬գ֮ѣûʲôͷȲþƸҪʱ졣
ʼˡ
йâһ˵
˿̣Ѫ֮УһѪħڣȻܿУһѪأѪڣһѪħǿߺȻԡУڼȡѪǿ׳Ϊ
ûʲô˻Ὺ˵
ѪħоŲ㣬ÿһ㶼һѪءԽߵģѪƷԽߣ̺ľԽǿ°빦
ٶȾˡ
˿̣ͨѪħˣǿߡУͻȻоһĪĸоļ䣬ƮƮɣУһȫݳ𻯵ɰĸдУȫѵ
ָо·һӽ뵽ĳֶС
ʵ̫ˡ
Ȼ󡭡ȻûȻˡ
һѪУֱӽߣ˯ϻ¶ĪЦݡ
ǽһˬ
Ľѡ
һ˿ûУһѪħڵʿȫôԻõСе֤ܣҲˡһ㾯ûУоԼĺܡ
ȻϢ䣬ôˡ
һ


գۼ䣬Ѫ֮УѪħУܶѪħսվԭأ˯ϣȴûа쳣


2242 
Ѫħȫ֮бչصѪħǿߣҲʼоһĪĸд·뵽УĶһõ״̬У·ܸܵԭ޷ĵϣھǰʱץĵֲ׷Ḷ́Ҳƣ׳ȥ
ʵʵУѾȻĽһĳС
һ㣬Ԫǿ߶ˣĴ״̬С
ˣȻĳɹˣ㱦ƿȻɢЩһҪ𻯷ˡ޲TɨѪ֮أ¶ϲ֮ɫ
û뵽㱦ƿôӲѪ֮жֶ֪Σǿɲױѡ
ɢֻ𵽳䲻ãھͿѵˡ
еȻһЦ˵
óȻ㱦ƿΪгһգõϣϧȵľǽ졣ܶȡһ㱦ƿֵȫľϲ
ģͿҵġ
޲Tһƶ˵
ּ䣬һӡڼ̳ϡ

ᦲƮ˸ɢһɣŵ¿͸ȥ
˿̵ĵ£Ȼܿһ޴̾棬ĳȴСɳȻûдﵽ۷һԪ֮Ҳӽһˡ״ͬһڵħֻǣȴǺɫħѪʣεѹ֣ħѪ
Ȼûдﵽ۷壬ȴǿޱȡ
ãѪʿԣǾһ죬ʮһ¡ңħѪܹ壬ʿо޴ЧܲħԵ־о޴ĥЧȡ֮ôࡣʤ
ʮֵǿ
ҪȻҲᱻѪħء
˿̣ͻȻ俪ʼ𶯣·ܵĳĪһԳ˯ѹ¶һĨ˷ܣͻȻڵζѪ֮⣬̳ɽп˹
ˡ
޲Tо¶һĨЦݡ

ڸоħѪɽеһɲǣͿǸ޴ϣһɫƾճ֣飬͵ؾ£˲ħѪУ˽ȥٽǿһ󣬾ͷ·Ϣȫסһ˿ûй¶
ħѪƺоԾҪӶݣȻ򣬱סһ·𱻽Ȼ£Ӳӵǿȥ
һʱѪ֮ضھ𵴡
˲һѪħֱӱ顣
ѿðµĵػҽ˲ûƬ
֣ߡ
޲TħѪǿонУһĨɫһ֣̳ס̫ãңڱĶʵ̫ˣѪ֮أ˲俪ʼ뵽ĩһľֱӾͻҹսһ̣ȻΪʸ֮ġ
Ǿʥ˶
飬һ¶ȥǾ˭ѹƲסѪħǻᵱ裬ֳû˻Ը⿴ڲߣһ£ߵĻᶼûУҪСҹǿ̡
ֻҪԸ⣬ǾԿԷҹս
ǿ߶һʱ
ߣ
֪ͬѾǿ̲ݻ붼룬޲T˲俪֮ţ̤磬ҹսУʱһȻϢʧ

ô£ǵѪħôˡ
Ϊʲô죬ŻˣΪʲôڵķȻˣҸоԼȫ᲻վվô顣
ˣ궿ˡ
Ѫħ屻ѣѹͬʱһʱҪȥ߶һͷ֣Լķͺǳ˰ҩһȻȫûжʹ߶ˣ˿գңȫ£ģһûУҪƽʱûʲôڣѪħðػҽһѪħʿ˲ͱȼ
ڻзĲҽУ廹һʱ仹ղ͸ӵܣֱһֳ׵׵ĥȫ֪׷ʲô顣
ΪʲôѪħΪʲôµĵػҽͻȻð
Ѫ֮أһƬĩվˣֱ̫ˡȫǸһجһ
ˣ˶º֡ʲôˣʲô˸ɵġ
˭ǵħѪءȥˣ쵰öǵħѪ֡
ԭбչĴѪħܣһŭĺ漴͸оԼڵķȫʧˣУǰδС
ⲻɺϣԤı
ȫѪħ
ʧˣ֤еĺ֣ĿľǶ
䣡
һѪӿ֣һƬ嫵ѪƾճѪ֮ϿգȻ£ѪУѪˮӲ±ĵػǿѹȥѵĴأѪϣҽ˲̡
ӭѪ棡
ĿѪ֣һѪħʿ׷׹İݼ
ѪϣһѪֻ֣һѪ۵ӣɨܣü䣬ȻһֻѪɫħۣ˿̣ħͫͨ쳹صѪɫ⳯ҹսɨӹȥ֮̽һһգһħǣפصأͳͳɨӶ
н赲Ҳ޷ֹħͫĿӡ
֮һжΡ
˿̽˭ô
죬ơ
⣬ѪħѪħͫԶʮأڸʲôȻ޼ɵĿǵĽء
ѪľٶһӾ;ҹսǿߣصأ¶εĶǿߴܣ׷̤գѪ֮ؿ˹¶ŭɵ֮ɫ
Ѫ飬ˡ
ߣﻹݲ˷
󣬾ǿӰѪ֮أŭ
ѪħħѪˣǷˣҳǽսָ췭ظҲ԰ݡѪЦ˵
ǰǿ߿ɲͨˣȻǰӰ峬ԽԪĶǿߣڹ棬ħǿа档˿ѷɫѪĶǿߡҹսǿߡ
ʲôˡ
ڹа϶һ䣬¶֮ɫʶĿѪ֮أǵʵȻĸоµʧˡ
ߣñߣԲͨˣ˵ǲġ
ѪĿǰĺڹǡ
¶ǿҵĻ֮ɫ
ʣģֻǡ
ֿԣ޷Ŵ
ߣﱾ档Ϊ˭ϡ
аЦ˵һ˦֣תҪߡ£ˡ
ߣ˵Ѫ溮һּ䣬ѪѾϯ


2243 
ոտҹսУûҵħѪټ׽ңսУû̽鵽˿ߵϢ£У˶ʱڣħѪˣǸԼͬһεǿߡսУĿԾЩ꣬ѪħŲСĦ
ҪıԼҵⲢûпܡ
ˣһۼûС
ôɾܹͨġ
ǵĿԣߴɣɣҲˡԲ׷Ź
ѪϹΪ㲻ɣӳȫ㡣
а淢һŭֱӾͱˡ
飬˵Ҫ϶ˣǾôɣҹսУʵǻ˭ǣҲҪɣǽͨġǾֱӴһ˵
˲䣬Ѫ졣
ֱֲӸҹս
սУҹǿ߷׷׸ܵеĲڣҪŵſڵϡжǿڴսನǶ޷ܣֱǿɲ
ײе˼¡

ҹս飬к޲T˿̣ȴѾ뵽磬ңٳʥС
صۡк޲T໥һۣж¶ǿҵ˷뼤֮ɫ
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죬þ
޲Tԣһ̣Ҳɵһ󼤵
Ҳ⣬ó«ſ޲TһԼһ򿪾͹ڡ
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޲TЦ˵
ǾǲһĻɣ˲ܱսֳԽ˻ԪǿߣһսķΧ֪ҹսܵӰ죬ನͿ˲ء޿ɹˡ
ִս̫ãֲεǿߣҹչսһֹսƻԶеҪ¡ңҹֶĪ⣬ǿƣδؾĲǵĺۼСҹңһɣǾķսҲпڼٴΪҳǵټ
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ǾԲǰҹսģ˿̵ս϶Ѫ־⣬κһ˿ߣӱ¶ķաһǻѪ浱ġ
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Ҫʲô⣬Ǿıˡ
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ֻһֱҲûѡ
û뵽£ȻĸɳˣͷԣҲۼֱҪ̫ˬ
Ҫлᣬ˵Խʣߡ
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Ŀ൱Ĵһ㣬ܵȡĻȻŲɡ
Ѿһ£ҹûз㱦ƿȻҲ޵еģռûзȻҪȻδһ
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޲TҲͷʾͬҪȥԲ԰׳գ֪壬Ҫͷײȥ
ڰǰηˡ
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Ϊ˳֮Ҫԣ˽һͥҪһͥͥһѹסҪ
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죬еľһǾֻоžгɾͥʸҪȻԶͥĸ֮ڡһ㣬޹˳Ǵ˳ˡһӲԵĹ
УеǶģ첿ÿһһبŴ½УżɽУɽҲСǡЩġ˭ġ
һˣȥɾͥ飬ĸԸ⡣
ԣҪɾͥ죬û취Լ취ĿԣߣҪĺԴʱпܴˮƯ֮
ҪȻ̫һҲڶء
ķ
Ȼеġǣܲ⡣
ߣһķѵԴǺģУɹĿԣҲʮֲȷ
ȻûŪصζûǰ飬ǼǿԿ϶ġ
ֿͬʼҪ֪УʮһѾʮһûнгɾǱ
ֻǱѣȴһֳɵǰ
ȻĶġ
ĶǼٵġ
ļֵ֮޷ҪҲûа취˵ļ۸
޲TѣȷʵҪһõҴ׵̴һŪģһһ룬Ҫ˵˵ɣҪʲôõĳģǾ̸òǾʱ档
΢˵
վܽһи룬һһ룬Ǳ
һϣͿһġ
ɻʹȻȤ
޲TЦǺǵĿеʵ˵òôҪҪ㲢ǲܣҲΪ㣬ҲһԪǰҪֵ̫󣬾͸ҲûʲôɡڣֻҪѴӦһġ
ʲô
΢΢üµľ֣ǲôӦĶ
Ǵ˳ͱ˳Ҫǿϲֹһأħħ²ȥֱӾͻᱻ赲ֻҪмһħ׾ڣԴʿп顣͸㣬ȫС
޲TͻȻһЦ˵


2244 ʨӴ󿪿
׵ɲǳصģɴ׵ɷΪڸ׽򣬵ڴͳϽΧڣ޴ڣûʲô߻ʵԶ˵ǹءǴ˳˳еһУ޷棬ֻԼӰ죬׾ڵķϣԽзȣǳԴ֮ͥ⣬㡣
ܸڲתڣƲ꣬ɴ뷷ִƣoӣ뷷oְܶܶʼڴС׾ڵ󣬴ﶬʼְȨͥȨ֮ڡ
Ӱڴ׾ڣ˼¡
޲Tƿħ磬Ϊħ֮٣ħȨҲǴħħϣ壬Ƕ콾ħ֮£ҲҪɫе
˳ڣǴ֮У˳ʵ̫ǿˡ
ħͻᱻɱ
ŴͥռݵĽԽԽ󣬻᲻ϵɢħ˵Ӱ첻СˣϾħΪħԹУϸߣȻܶɹħ֮У־Ӽǿϴȥϸߣħʴ߻ħڷǾҵˡ˭Թ˭
ħĴڣǾʿ
ʿ֪ηִ֪磬֪ħҲ֪ħϡ
Ҫǣ뵽ʿĿУֹˣ£֪Ҫǿٱô֮࣬޷Уϵһλϣƽ׵һ֮ܿڵʿܿ˳еʿλȻǲͬġ
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ֻᣬǾƶҪõġ
ӴͥеõˣԿǴˡƷλȫ֮Ӱ֪
֮ȣһʲô
⻹Ǵֻͥгһգͥ޲TҲҪں
ʥΪʲôǾˡ
лϴ׵ǻʲôԥġ
һ㣬޲Tûڡ
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¶һĨζɫ
޲Tܹõ飬ôù
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ڵĴͥûа취ģ֮ͥǰȻܵӰ죬ȴɿԸһͺñȣڣûн⿪Դ׵ķ磬ֽڣﵽͥЩͬ衣ã֮£ЩҸϣû취
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Ⲣţлô׵޲T
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ħףԴʿкôġҲô׾ͿԴӦġ
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޲TЦǺǵ˵
еķӦƺԤϡ
ûֱӾܾǾе̸̸Ǿһж˵ǸĴ۲ѣЩ֮޲TѾˣصδĵ;ҪǿϴĻᡣ
ÿʱǣһ
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ڿ֮ǰʾãûа׷ѡ
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ԿΪʮݣӵей伮ӡһݣټУһҲǲɡڴ׽Ҫʱ̣Ҫ
΢󿪿˵
޲TҪı
ܹΪǿɲ洦ҵõģÿһݣڿٵʱܹͳһħͳɾͻԪǿ
ЩܹûԪӵıһδõĳӲҪ˵ʮݣʨӴ󿪿ڡ
伮Ӳ˵޲Tħ棬ħΪȡֹ伮ֱҪ̫ףյĹ֪ж٣󲿷ֶòϵģǣЩʿǻ۵Ľᾧ
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ûãŶԱûáκεطǼֵǼġ
Щ伮ǵ̡
׼䣬û˻й¶
Ǻ̫ˣʧҲ̫ˡ
޲Tȴ¶һĨЦݵܹΪвûô࣬٣ЩֻҪҪȻа취Ū֣ڹ伮ӡһȫû⣬ҪٶԡֻҪȥܸ͹ȥҲû⣬ˡ
Уһûнûּۻ۵ľٶǺԥȫ¡
ǽһѸ١
һۣҲЦŵͷãʲôʱ򽫶͹Эʲôʱʽʼ
޲Tеĵ伮ҲʮڴҪõǺʣ׵Ĳؾ󣬽Ϊ磬Ĳؾ󣬻۵ĸ־伮Ȼǰé֮ȵġ׳壬ֵ޾ġǻۣǴеĸ
ȻܵõЩǴ׾ڣԿʼ͸ɱ䡣һɣǴĺôģȫΪͳɾͥϸ
ӲҪ˵һǰ
Щŵĺôܣǲ̫ϧˡ
޲TԪǵˡ
ȻҪķǲٵġ
ô
޲Tһת֮ǰĻܸܵѾøӵ׽
ҹһԪǿ߻ع飬Ӧûһʱ䣬ҹ㣬Ӧûǰҹδػȴ̫γһ˵ҲһӰ졣
΢˵
ΨһҪģǵȡ
ʱ̵ȴš
֮㣬ҹп콾սڼ䣬Щܻع顣콾֮սĿһʱǣעнԼ󡣡
޲TҲЦ˵


2245 
ҹΪʲôҪ콾˵ƻʢᣬҲԣϾҲͶԴңǲĶ콾ǰμӡ£ƻǲģǿ϶ġʲμӣӵĸӣ־棬һ֣˭޷ֹѾһɴơ
£ҹҪٽһԪǿ߻عĴ¡
һһ£ܵıܿߣҹ˵Ȼ
ԣֿġ
˴ļʣɲǲӡ
콾սʱ̿عĻʱһжߣһϣҪ׻עҹսϵı仯ңߣֻҲŻع飬ЩЩ飬أǶδ֪ģֻ棬ǿ߲롣
޲Tһ˵
ʵ㣬һЩϵ⣬ʸûС
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»ǳ֮ɹڣֳһֽճ״̬ڣɳǿɲͨɳǣبżɳǣֻɹڵǳ֮άһ֮ڣΧģֱӾͱɳ£Ϊ뵽ɳǳ֮Уɳǡ
ǳ֮ǿ֮
ԴԴϣ಻
ʣΪ϶ľ޴ô׶档
ڴ֮У϶˭Ĵָſ̾Ϊ֮κ谭˵Ѿλá
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뱾֮䣬׵ĽѶϢ
ڷ뱾֮תợֹȫĹ򣬾ôǿ
Ȼ绹ǳĿܡεջ񣬲ν˿ף챦Ƕȡһлȡ伮ʮݶֵ֮ǰļƻڿԿʼˡ
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ÿ춼кͯ󣬱ǰؾнܴУ֮·ÿգܵһȨѽɳǣн磬ؾԺҪѫһ
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паԵͷǴ׵ķеĸ
ûгɣһ䣬Ѿ̤ؾС
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ڵεĽΣؾʿ˭޷Ҳ֪ǽῴô𺳵һĻ

еȻһЦûгɣһ֣ʱֻһľԨԴϵĳ֡Щ޲TӡĹ伮ͨᣬĹżӼǡʤ
̫ˣЩ伮һԪĻǴһԪоռġ
Ҫ塣
֮ӴڲؾĲȣδػѷɫ١
öҴײؾʸһĳƺš
ĿãǴϲѡ
Ȼµջ񣬿û뵽ջô
ˢ
ֱһ׹⣬ЩڣţЩۿɼٶȷɱ䣬Ȼֱӷֽһöö֣Ϸţı壬ȻȻĻΪһҳҳİֽȻЩ־ֽϣһУһУɼ
תۼ䣬һ۳һᡣȻֱͽһУղּޱȣۿԭȵľ֪Ҫɶٱ
деľ伮ͬ۳һᡣ
öᾭµĵ伮
ˣ쿴öڵ伮ȫµĵ伮Ȼ̺ȫµǻۡ
ؾڵʿĿú𾪵ͬʱҲΪԼΪ׵һԱеԺ
ʲôǵ̣
˳ЩС
ｻˡ
ֻǿһۣܲؾϢӣҲûмͣĴ㡣
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Ѿֵ۾ˡ
ﻹ
ߵԽԽá
һ
Ҳ⣬ЦЦת뿪ؾ󣬲ؾеı仯
һ룬ѾɳǺĿռڡ
ˣôˡ
˹ΧŲϷ裬ϲѯʵ
ʱ䣬Ρ
пѯʵ
Ȼǹ
ֻǣĹûѾԵɱ䡣
ɳڣر
ǳ֮ԴԴϵ串£µҲڲУڣϵЩҶڣһСռ䣬ڲ׳ǿԴ
Ѹٻش


2246 
ɳǵĵԾǡ磡빬ںϣֱɱһǿϵÿһƬҶǾлԣͬһδٵС磬Ȼڳ֮Ϊ绹̫磬ֻһƻ֮һ̺Ļ֮࣬Դۺ
ȴпݻصǱ
Ȼ޾գ޾磬ȡ֮ȡҪάɳǣҪ֧һƽתٷ䵽֮Ҷ֮ڣÿƬҶܷ䵽ķݶǾ൱ĿˡңҪ㹻ٶռĵزҪʱ䣬ͻ
Щ꣬Ȼ׽ͥѾмʮꡣ
ڹϵҶڣĻ硣
ȻôĻۣҲǰ׸ģÿƬ֮Ҷ̺Ļ籾ԴѾﵽһĳ̶ȡ
ˣڹĻۣ㿪صĵ̡㿪٣ҲδһӰ죬пܣÿƬҶڣֻܿٳССļﷶΧ
ҡҡͷ˵
ϵҶʵ̫ˣൽ˷ָƽ£ǻ۵ıԴ
ţ֮УյҪңֿ磬һΣҵõһ׮رԼӿһֲ̣ǰٴĵ̲㣬ùӳҪá
׵ͷ
ڲʺϿ磬ⱾԤ֮е顣
£Ŀ٣ģҪʱȣֻиûи̡
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еȻһЦּ䣬ȻԿһȻǰϣһɫħȻ̾ϣȫ£һȻѾн
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һĨȣ·µҪʲô
׼ħѪ빬ǿԴ׳󣬴ﵽܿĵزĻԺЩ磬ֵ̲㣬ȱӰǵǱ
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磬ڲ֪˳ƴѰ䣬뷽跨ҪһԼȴû˵˭ɹ󣬿ֻ֪Ҫڶ⴫ϢҪһĻ֪˳ӵƴһУ
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ħѪ俴أԭġ׵ʮФɱ䣬ȻӦɱ䣬ԱԴͬϣ໥Ӧų⡣ĺô޷
ټϣһǴҹȡģ˭֪ûʲôصֶΡ
Ҫǽʣ
ֱùԴ׳Դܹһ
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۾һϲ˵ĻùϵҶԴһ磬ῪٳڷԲĿռ䡣ڶռ䣬ң籾ԴǱǿ󣬿Լ֣׳󣬽ĴС᲻ϳɳ󡣡
ǿ൱޴ġȫ֧һ޵Ĵڡ
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¼䣬һ֣ͽֱŲƵ¯УһϣħѪͷųȻڰȴоԼ⣬һεѹţ˿Ķ·ֻҪκζһ룬ͻܶѡ
䣡
ʵϣǲӦеˡһ޷ܵΰȻϣͷһıȻըΪϸСħÿһħڶ̺Դ
ˢˢˢ
棬ЩٶӣȻ¯УҪӶݣǲܵ顣
һ룬Ѿһ벻֪Ӻδƾճ¯ڣ̽һСħڡ̽ȥǿ˲䱬糱ˮ㱻ȡɡ
ЩȻԹ
ÿһ·˸貵⣬ķתȡԴٶȼ죬һСħۿɼٶСȻڵıԴɡ
˿̣ƳڣУӿÿһУЩҶڣܸоҶеĻռ䣬ھҷ·ע˺
һ룬ͿһСħҶڵĻռУ͵رȻը
ڻռУһ˺磬ػˮ緭մأ
ħԱ󣬸ǻΪһϸС¿ȥ
ͬʱһε¿أҪغϵأȶ
ľӣ䡣
ڵϣͿʼѿгݵأб֣ɽˮСֻзԲռѣеķȴ˿ȱ
Ϊأ֣ȻЩֻСÿһʮɶȴأԲԪ׳ڶռ䡣ħѪվûûֵ
еŹı仯Եͷ
ΪʲôҪɾ͹ԭ
̫ǿˣ飬䱾ǼߵģٳأƷ׵䣬Ҳܻ뿪ٵصڣȴάסƷס棬һ飬ǺάƷס
ЩǱҲǺܵͣأɷָ


2247 
˵ЩСңҲָܷز׳ɳԪһʼȻǿĳɳǱϳɳδﵽʱδزɱĿܡٳֻǶռ䣬Сһ֣ΧԲ˿̣ڹϣеҶȫݱ䣬ЩҶɳ̫֮Ӵ
Ѿʮ㣬ÿһҶġ
ʮ򣬰ǧġ
УûɳʮĻۣټ϶ʱõޱ컯۵ĺһδٶĵز
ÿһУֻзԲЩӵеĽΧǾͳһƬֿɿڵĽӵ޵δ
ݻĹУ沢ûиֳκȫѹȥһ㣬ɳȻ磬ȫ̶̵֪Ƭ̼䣬ɳĵĹѾ췭ظɱ䡣
һƬƽƽҶԵɱ䡣
ˣϵҶѾٳռ䡣ڣֻһ㣬ҶԲĶ磬֮⣬ʮ˲ƽеҶֻǿٳԲһСռ䡣һȻ󣬿ȴ޷ùȫٳԲĶռ䡣ֻǣٿռѡ䱾ǱżȡıԴԽԽ࣬ռ᲻ϳɳɱ䡣ֻǣҪʱ䡣
⿪˵
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£Ҷһ磬ܳһƬҶҶǲܶģҪʱȥ۵ģ;תɱģҶʹڣֻһת̣ȻȻͶ࣬ҪԴҲ޷ġһУֻΪЩ춨
ĳɳҪԴ
ţһӵзԲĴСʼ£Ѿ㹻ˡֻЩҶеĶռ䷶ΧѾǴƿصĽΧҪС
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ЩٳĶ磬øȹ̣ͬʱܵļȡЩУǲȹעУɣƽʮ˲㡣
УùϿٳĶϵһС磬ͨ
ܿ죬һ˵
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Ц˵
ܺãｻ㡣
Цͷһ룬ѾӺĿռʧ

ڶ졣
֪еУȻܿ£ڼһȺس׷׳ڴڣĿŶӰ
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ڴ֮⣬ħֵӰ죬øճֻвɵĵزЩУӵвħӰ֣ȴ޷ӣɴľأÿ춼дܶѾʼ֮СֻңֻҪһ첻ܽһ޷ž
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£ѾȫΪʿ壬еһֲȱ֮֪ټȵвܸܵԼš
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ڴܱߵĽȴԽӵܡ
ûжԱȾû˺
ֶԱ£Ще鳹ײˣֶңϷһ󣬱ȵЩƿؽĶͷʹѡ
ֻħ΢һӰѣħ߲ħֲĵط޾ħħӿɵƻֻȼĸӿ£һ֮СҪ֧ȥֻѡֻҪȴʱȻֺʵʱ
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ţȻʱᣬټλǰҪһ¹Ҵ׵̸ĴҪ֡׵ͷڵľƣԤ֮С
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µ໥һۺͬѯʵ
ڸոգѾڹҶУٳȫµĶռ䣬ÿһռ䣬гΪһǱֻǣڣֻһƽУžзԲķΧĿռ䣬ָʺסϢķΧӵеĽҪֻࡣɳӾˡ
п˵
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⻰һڣȺɵһ¶һǿҵ𾪡
Ժеһʱ俪ʼת
ѶϢǵĳʮ־޴
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£йعѶϢǷ֪
µȿѯʵĿȡ
£ֻ֪
˵
ȻˣǾ·йعٶϢǸϵЩ磬ɳΪҴ׵ĸͥĲʯ
ص˵
ЩµĶ죬ΪҴ񣬻ޱˡأؼʱ̣ȫŤתһУǬѶ˳һȱ㡣ϴ׹࣬Ͼ
ڼƶ˵
ƣһžѵĵơ
˳ûġ
˳ʮԣǾǱҪ񣬻գ۳ˣˡһ˳Уձ¾ǳرݻ٣ռ죬Ӧģ˾ͻɢ˾ͻɢСҪнռ죬˳ҲıԵ
˳˵ġ
һֱܶ˳Ҫ⣬Ҫ죬Ͼܿһؾ죬Ҳûа취˳аմߣûеˣλ۹ˡ
Żۣܳɾ͹ˣ


2248 
˳һȻʮ־޴Ҳǰϵģܶʱ򣬶Ȼʵ㹻ǿ£ͲҲȫԳΪǿһ֡Ȼ£ǲҪ˵ǡ
ڣȴҹһսļԪմսʲô̶ȣһ㣬û˿ԤϵĵһսҲΪ棬ִսɵƻԳ
ĳԵڴ׾ڣԴ׽ɻԴĻ
ɵƻȻǾˡ
ԣΪѰ·֮ٳü޵һΣʱ̣Ա֤ͥɿάֹ˲˲
ڣпٶռ䣬ֻҪгԴ£ռɱСǧ磬ǧ磬Ǵǧ硣
ȻѣȴǿԿõǱ
δѣǳξð֮
ΪسıǴ֮
һͷΪº֣µƣҪȵЩ˸о׽ҪʱŻ֪׵ĵ̣ԶеҪۺ֪ٱ
Щռ䣬ȫԳΪ׵ĺ·δ
λ뱾֮һ£ڿٳපռ󣬱ʾѾһžϵȻÿռ䣬ֻССķԲСֻڣδͶԴȥػɳռ󡣳ȥǧ꣬꣬ǾҴײ
׵ͷȺ뷨ʾֵ֧ԣ׼ЩǨ˿ڡ
ʱ£Ǩ˿ڣʲôĿС
ѯʵ
Ŷкθ߼ܵ
Цʾ
΢ַЩռ䡣һֱ֣ͶŰ˿ڣзչϢһͬɳһ֣ʱ£ᷢչͬһ֣ҴǲԱͶɳǣǨ˿ڣУҴ׵ĸɷأƵƽİգĳнǴ׵Ǵ׵һ֣һ׽ӹ죬˲ơ
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ѡȻкôģһֱԴ׽ΪĿģɴ׵һ֣һǿԿͬĻ䣬ͬǧ˰̬ӵи޵δ
΢֮ѡҴǲԱƿзչһ㣬Ҵδô޴󣬽ֱӺ޸Ĥ֮ڣ׾Ӧںϡʡ򡣷ɷչȻԵһ𻨣ɽվҪҴ֮ڡʱ򣬻ѵʱ뾫ֻࡣֻҪٵĶ㹻࣬ȫѡƫһɷչͬԳԣ˫ͷֻǣֱҴװѿصҪռݴ
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󣬾˷֣һЩԭȻԾڸص˲ӣǲμӹƾ٣ӱ˲ţ֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼʧˣ·뿪˳פɳǣЩͬһʧġ
һλǲֵ֡
ϾУֹǨڵءܶ˶ΪԸ⣬ǨƣǰµĵطġϲǰȥµɳǣΪʼĿߡ
һ㣬ôɳڵİգƵʲ͡
һҪ뿪̫ĲֻߵѻһЩ죬Ҳʧˡ
βͬܶ˶֣ԼɳڣЩѾӵˣһʱУȺʧˣͬʱУǷѶϢʱûлظҪͨƵͨʱʼնǾܾܡҪеıǳɼģ˸ǹ⡣
Ϊˡ
ɾһܶ඼ͬ£ڴһСನ
ǳǰμӿƾ٣ӱõ֮ſ϶ĺ֪ôģͻȻˣôϵϣ̫ˣļҲһ𲻼ˣ»Ҳһ˵ӵҲҲ
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˽ۣ֮УҲ̸ۡ
Щ飬ͨ˵ֻճ̸ʣҲͲˣԣ£һ̶עûãȻϢʧ
˿̣˭֪һɳǣȻϢĳڹڵĶռС
ֱɳڣֹͨͨλգԴԴϵĳɳڡ


2249 ħ
ЩɳڵİգǴӺеǨƣȻǨƽ֮ǰǶ֪һЩصˣ֪ʲôط֪ԼʲôĸͳϽͬе¼Ȩʸֻǵ¼ں֮ĵĴ򡣴Ⱥ֮Ϊ
ɶռɵһƬҲţЩռ䣬һԳΪһ磬᲻ţ׳󡣵󣬽ΪСǧ磬ǧ磬Ǵǧ磬һ磬ڴ׵һҪ嫡
ĴڣģȻȴֱӶԣֻܹۿҲ޴֪ĴڣӦȨޣܽȨޣֻдﵽ߲ͥ㣬лá
ȻⲢ붴֮ǿϵġѶϢܽЩӰ졣ĳϣһ硣
ܴһд
ѡȡţҲǰؾѡ鼮ȨֻǰʱĽ磬ϵͺǴͬطƽпռһ
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УһЩϢͨģϾ磬ҹΪξ컯ͥϢУء
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֪ԼȻΪʵΪеϲ޷֪ԼҪΪ˵ؼһ˳ͥϲã͸޷ƣĵڴġ
Ϊ˵ȫһ졣
ڶռУʱ޷ϵһ㣬ЩġܵԴȫǶԵȵġ
ִɳܵģҲУʲôȱ١
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һǨƽɳڣһӦԱ¼ȡ켮Ӧı׼ʣŷݾס֮ˣеĶɡ
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˲ɳΪģգۼ䣬һãȻ䣬һɫİצգֻǣССһۣһɶֻһ״СһССĹƸ֣С߮һ޷Ϣ
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£Щۺ󣬾ͻȻȻ뵽ɳϿյİצڡΪ˵һֻ֣ǣȴʼͣɳϿգûƿ򣬻ع鱾Դ
ңռڣԴԴϲˣҲСڡΪ׳֡
˶ϵ˿Իۣȴֱױڣʼմһַָ״ֻ̬ҪԸ⣬ſͿڵһʱ䣬˲뵽֮УΪһ壬˱ǣ˴
аԳ
ЩˣԲϻۣȥԴﵽǧɣɵĵزÿռ䶼ˣһںϵĻ˵һ˲䣬ñ۵ֱӾʹﵽ۷ľءһԿˡ
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ؼʱ̣ſԶǬ
һ̣ܹоͥһ˲䣬˲˿ڡң֣ʱƣֻԽԽࡣӵӴԼα

йŹ֣׾ڴ˲ͻȻͬʱΣȻʧˣЩԼļ˶һʧˣô£ԾܲԾû˵ʲôȫµĽ뵽׵УôôĶ
һε飬ĺ֣ȣûκףǴģʧС֣ǷǴҪʲôǰס˶˲ţĪ׼š
У뽫ϢݳȥҪŵĻԴ׵ʵܱ߽򣬶⡣
ͬڴеһЩ̽ĿҲ׷ײֹı仯ɲôʹô̽飬޷˽⵽һ˿ѶϢԺУʼնǰ˼⡣ֻǣֱ־ٶһдȴ
ѣֻܽϢдݳȥ
֪Уܱ߸һЩŴ׵Ĵ׷׽ĿͶעȻʮֵĹעŴ׵ĶҪһʱ˽е顣
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ֻ˵е黹ûϤ

жɹѵûдݳȷеϢ𡣡
ͷ߻У϶¶֮ɫ
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ڴܱߣǰƿصĽѾﵽʮǱǰӵĽ򣬸ڶ࣬ڣѾ齨ˡˡҪֱ湥ףֻҪһϣֹ׼ţ˳ûгĽ򣬾ͻͣͲǰ׾ͥҪչ׳󣬱ȻҪռݸĽ򣬻ȡ˿ڣǱȻֹţǶ䷢չĳɹ
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ھͷ߿ɲңһǾ͸˴׳ڣһ㣬ǾԲܵġ
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ײһ㱣ǡ
ҹϢҪ˶ãƣͻᷢ޴ı䣬ܿ죬սֻٴοʱħֻʽҹսлֹħսٴγʹڲ飬ʱ򣬾Ƿʱ
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۱˵


2250 Ը 콾ҫ
ţ˵ħѾ磬٣˿ֻ֪֪̽ѾǱڴ׾ڣ⣬ֻҪҵʵʱһɻ֣Ǹʱ򣬳ɹļʣ߰˳ɡʮɣǰħ֣κ˳֮֮¡һŵ˵
ⲻäĿţħһֱսóĽۡ
ħʵ˵ѾﵽԪ֤ߣΪͻʵ̱ǣһۻʣǿһʵ
֮Ա֮ΪħΪ˳֮ǣޱߣ׵ĳܣܵ˵ķɣķɡзɣķַɣ֮٣ڣɻĺúõġ
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ɽУ컯Σһ죬Ҳ˲֮ս۷ߣ֤ԪԸ㣬콾ҫ


2251 ̤ 
дݶ繲ͬ콾֮սʣᷢʲôѾûܹ֪е򣬶δ֪һ콾սѾÿԼڲ飬ǹغ棬˭ӱǶֵһҫǹغδ֮ս콾ǵ̣δ
һδս̫࣬δǧ꣬ƣ뵽Ʋӵ״̬
ĻδƵӰ죬ͻʮ־޴
Ƕδ˵һս
̶ܴϣӰ쵽δľƣսԷ롣
ΣӶΪ
ҪҪʱζţһսҪԡ
˵ҹУҲͬڶ콾ĶԱеҪԡ
콾֮սУӶжˣɱж콾ɶȡˣԽŪȡ컯ļʾԽ콾罾ҫ׹
ٴηһֱӸء
ˣÿ˶У콾ˣԶˣܾгʣֻԴԴϵ컯޾ջͬҲѳ飬ȹˣܿɱ٣Խۺε֮սУסջļʾԽ
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ڣʿֱӶԼе콾ͣڴ϶Լ콾һӱո¶ͷǡ֪Լ콾ʵпܲôͻģҲУʾ
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Ϊ׵ӵŮԲʲôƣΪҹ콾ԵĿꡣδĴõȻ൱ļѡ
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ѾˣѾˣѾӣнѡ񣬶ÿһѡǶҪؿǣѡˣǾ͹ţҲꡣ˳Ǽѡ񡣡
һǰŮİһͬʣиߵ͡
ǵҪԼȥѡΪǾ
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У˳


2252 
׵Ůɻ˹ɻˡǴ׵ö࣬ɻµĵӵŮȻҲҪμ콾ս˵ɻǲ콾սģݵλʵѾ콾ķ룬ҲԽͬ콾ĽޣŮ֮սδزһͲ֪ǵʵΡ
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׼ӹţ콾Ͳ֪һǰսܻء
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սڿˣ콾ǲһҩѡ
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Ե̨Ϊ֤Ѿߡ龳ָʵҪʤһƲֹۡ
һսһҪסǿɶڿǡ
У壬һ̶оһȻ
ȻѾ׼Ŀҹ콾ɱѹȻ
壬壬ħ壬ħ壬塭
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ˢ
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콾˲ɽ
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Ī
ս˭֪콾һʲô̬ȣǰһȫԸıƣյĽһ޷ƿء
콾̤սḶֻ́˲һʱ
Уʧɽ·һ֣о֡ҹС


2253 ӳ
콾棬֮˭Ϊ壬ֻһսսɽڵ컯ؽͳǿߣ֤ǿߣȻһ㣬콾Ϊ֮׷Ŀꡣ֤׷Ŀ꣬ǵĿģҪ֤ԪɾͻԪĴͨߡңڣ
һΣɽڵ컯ſ콾ɾͻԪġ
ң⣬ֻҪ㹻ĻԵˣôܳԪʥǿߡ
Σ컯Ϊ֤ԪȥһҲû˻Ը
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ȻܿɽһǣͻȻʧţͿһеĻ棬ĳǰ˲Ŀ۹ȥ
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Сչֽ˵
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콾ֶιȻ죬ƭ֮Ҫ飬㲻ҲҪԴ콾֮սֻûнҡѰѰѰҲ
ĿãһھͲ֪ǲһ콾
ʣеճ̶ȣѾܹĸܵ
콾ȥһСģ
ң˵Ĺ졣
һЩֶΣеҪ¡
ӳ磬ɽһ콾սĻ棬Ȼӳ磬УҪܿĸ˵
ֶΣҲֻõ
ʣܿõе콾սḶܹ́ۿõĸ콾սķΧң͸ոգѾܹܵ콾֮棬ǾǾʱ̡
һ룬ܶ໭涼гֳܹɽһЩ档
ˣȻӳ磬ҲûбҪʱ̶ţ鱨ҹȻֻμ콾սĿģ㣬ħֻǸոտʼڣѾһֽ޷룬ԣпִܻʣ磬ħߴĿʱ򣬲ħʼʱ̡
һ۲ɽ漴ջĿ⡣
콾սȣص㣬Ƿ籾֮Уʤĸڡ
ħ֣ȻᱬھͿҹǱ׼ʲôʱ򷢶ѡ


2254 컯
ҹ硣ħС
ħۣһħ񣬶ڸԵλϣаҲС
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콾棬ɱֳװݡ൱Ĳҡ˫֮䣬ûκλúӵأûѡ
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ãһˣǸ嶼Ѿ׼ʱˣֻҪħһǲħɱ㣬ʱ֪ҹĵ̣Բƥеġ
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ܶණҪȥȥᡣ
Ե컯ֱԼͷϡ

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һеĻǿȫΪһƭֵġ
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ͻȻӵĴѶٲȻ֮֡
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2255 ƭ
£ǻѽ̰ˣ̰Ļһλıˣ̫ˣһΣֻҪ
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һԽͬȫµĽײ֮Сǵһ֤ҵԼĵвǵһ֤콾һɳܵѡңһƣ߸ûпɱԣǿԪʥ˶ĺˣӵͥǴ˵еĴ˳
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ոѾõ׼ȷϢ
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֮ڣרΪг񵥣Ϊ콾ӳĻ棬¼֪Ϊ֮۷׷ס
ֻǣ̶꣬콾֮սУֻǸոտʼѡ
ܶ콾Ѱ컯ȴŻȡһɳ¡
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һ졣
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ںϣԴײҹ֮ͨħս壬ԿǰսսԿɻȡѫˣȡ컯Ը㣬بų棬˲¡
дݳѶϢ˲Ϣ䣬ԺУСޱȡ
ѶϢݺֻɫ漴Уѹ֮ʧ
۳ֵͻȻʧҲʮͻأ
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¶֮ɫ
ħսҪˡǵˣʱ䣬Ҳ⻹콾ս֮УôͻȻںϣȻӿսƵʡһβҽ档
ֻ꣬ʱ׼Ҫս
ȥ콾֮սǲμӲˣħսǴҶȥáɱҹ콾ǾȥħսɱҹħӡһΣûиϣһΣԲܴ
Уǿߣһ۷׷ס
ڣӿ
ʿǿߣ׷ױʾҪǰս


2256 ս
ħսĿغ磬棬ǰս£ߣģ޲ͻͽʵ֮䣬ȡˣӿֳ콾ΪδеɱҹаħܻȡˣǿˡЩĿԶõ顣
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Ҫħսûо֮ɫһԾԾԵ
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ģ׼һͬ־ѻҹܻعͬ
⻰һаȻеĿⶼԵúǲͬ
Ȼ᲻֪ܹ֪̽ҹ׼ȷϢң¹˻֮£ҪôֶΣͨ죬ΪֹУû˭ܹĵƣߣѾҹ߲УһöӣһöޱҪĶӣܹҹƵĸ߲㡣
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һһܲأһһƶࡣ
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֪ʱ䣬ǾռݾԵ
ҪǣνǿɱΨһҪģǽ硣ǵ
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ʱȻţ֪У뵱ѶѾȥꡣ
УڣԽԽѹ֣ɱ֮ʡֻвɽУ콾֮սڼӰ졣


2257 
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Ҳǵĵ֮ա
һ죬ո峿նһ⳹ʱͻȻ䣬дһ޴ĺںУһεѹ糱ˮϯأ·ܵһѹƵһ˿֮ûС
˲佫˯оѡ׷̧ۿա
ҪôħսҪˡ
У飬׷һ̱ѣ׷߳ڵļ̌ۿգȻԿһֻɫո֮֡ۡ
УƺܿһϵĹи֡
֮׸ա
ħ֮ţһμˡ
սҪˣڵٴγħսʱˡ֪һΣȥ֮󣬻ܲٻ
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һǿߣ׷׷źУսԡ
ŹħӰ·ܿʬɽѪ֣ͷηĳ档ַ·ܿʬǵħѪ·ϵĸֳħսĸֻ档ս
һĻĻ飬һĬȻڸӿֳŨҵս⡣
սǰڡ
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һΣֻ²ǰôɼˡѾоǰ·ɢŨŨѪζսҶȣѾٴӣ֤ܳûսĲΣѾִȫµĽ׶Ρ
κ־֮ʿ׵ҪԵľôϾҡ
ħսʽħ֮ÿ꽫һΣÿγһ¡겻롣ߣսֻÿʮ֮䣬һλعᣬ;ع飬ҪԹѫжһѫߣս롣Ը㣬˲¡
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ҶȵҲζţսڳŸӼҵĵزɡ
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ܶѾ׼õĸ׷׿ʼٻħ֮š
һ֧֧̤ħ֮Уңͨ򴫵ݹȥһĻչǰܹǣһ̣Ϊս
ԸΪսսɳ˼סԼǺγһֵø˵顣
ڣһƵӿ֡
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֪δͥǲٴǰǰΣ׿ɶ㾡ȫսɱɱҹսΪºͣѫɻǷ񻹻
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ʿǿߵĹע
׵ľٶ˵ͲС¡
δԣȴû˿Ķ
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ڶ죬ɰȡ

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һ죬ͻȻ両ֳһ޴ĹĻһֱ˲֮ڡκĿ·̫㣬۽ߡ
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УȻܿǾսľ
սУһӪɱ֮ա
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ܣȺվߡ
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ֻЩͨ۾ֱӹۿЩֱͨۿ߲û̫𡣶ֱ۵ĿǰһС
ûһ̣׾ڣƺѾʧȥüž¡׵ĽʿǣҪ׼ˡȻȥһʱ䣬ʼûжɴװմͲɴսҹġ
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ÿ֧Ű
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׵ͷ·ѹѹĴܿЩУнʿĿȫϣƺڵȴʲô־ηݣȫĿ¶
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һ̣Ҫ˵ʲôֻ⼸֣ѾԸһС


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¡¡
һ䣬ȻԿеħֱ֮Ͷųһ⣬ھսСΪ޴Ĺš
أ
ãսŽǱ졣
ˣ
޴սھǰ졣
ףˡ
һĻУǿҵġ
һ֧֧ŵݣɢƣ˷ָ


2258 һϷ
ڳˣ׵ЩڻǶˣȻħսִ£ôܻģվҪѹŻϳǰֻǿθ˶ѡڣ׷һħսϣдڣоͺǳһŶһоԼһĵýȻͬ
ٺ٣Ȼ׻ǳˡʮ֧ţǴͥȫţ˽⵽ȫҲǴˣӱսڱϣʵȻֻз֮һҸоѹŵǿʯͷ̹࣬
ͷڲĿôĻ棬£һɵ̬
Ѿõˣ׼Ͻħ֣羡ܵƻҪǴ׵뿪гĴԵĻĲ˵׾ܱǶ
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ڴ뿪ҲԱ֤ħУ׵̫ܡǱܿͥطҲܹʩչֽţﵽĿģǵĿꡣ
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Ͼڴ׵磬һЩС»ʲôһǷʲô£ͬħӣħϯµ׿϶֪ʱ򣬾ͻ׵Ĺּʣ൱ġ
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ֻսڣڵ㽫̨ϣڿܣһ֧֧ľţԭӦѾ̤ħ֮ڵһ֧֧Ȼɾվڵ㽫̨ǰ˿ûжļ
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Ҫǲ˵ƣȻ˭Ҫƣʲô˼顣
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Ҫ֮ǰЩ鸡һֱ£ˣʵΪƾվͳֵġȫûа鸡ޱȡ
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˵ħս飬ٵģĳ̶ֳϣĳȴǮĵӲԭȵĴͥʱٴζⷢսѹһа
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֮ǰܸ֪Ǻ󣬻ЩţĿ£Ÿо⵱е졣
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ȻǮ޵ƭ飬вûиȺ͸¶Ͼƭǲ˵ģҪй¶ȥģĴ˲ǮͻԭͣʱʲôˡƭҲ˻ΪУӴ֮Ҳ߲ƭ·Ͼ˭֪ƭӣ˭㡣
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ңƭ죬޼٣档ƭƭȡ컯֮ʵģǮڲе컯һﵽ£ȫյĻǽ𴩣ɲ侳磬ʱ򣬾ƭɣ棬յת䡣
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ȻǮûһ㡣컯֮ϵҲͣҪȻ컯ɹҲܽȥҪû涫ܽڵӣ컯֮ƭǽݾ̤ϵ߸ǻҪŬС
ǮԺ˵õϣҪõģʵļҴײС
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漴Ըε飬İͽʿ֪ս罫ʱƽȴ
䣬һĨɵϡ
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ǣ£Եڲԡ
µȶӦ
ԺѾʼ˼ţδлȡôһΣǮ֣̫ܹĿռ䡣
дڣܱ߽һħ֣ǿԳѹѹһ´ףǽܽ׵Ļ棬ֵӵġ
еͷȥ
ȻϢ䣬Ѿһ͵컻ɳ²ֵĹ̡
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ͬʱͷѾһʱ佫Ϣҹ֮дݻȥ
ҹеĸҲǰһûг׷ɣҪսʽʼս󣬲ܵõյȷϡܰٷְٵõ֤


2259 糱ϫ
׾ȷʵħս֮ڣѾг׾ţսϿǴ׵ľšʵԳһأսһ޶ȷɡս
ȻҹħϯսϣռԵĹؼáսһħϯ£ܿȷ׵ţѾ̤ħս١
һ㣬ҹǱߴǷġ
ƻԼˡ
׵Ѿħսڴ֮ͥУѾڶ⹥Ӱ첻˴֣ǿɲ֪糱ϫһħ־Ҫױˡʱ򣬾ǵĿʢ硣
ҹǿ̲סһ󿪻Ц
콾սǣס콾սٴν󲿷־ȫȥ뵽ħսУУ籾֮Уսܵ޴
ȻⲢȫ飬Ǵһַ࣬״̬СһɢˡвȻڽǵļƻ̫Ӱ졣
սѾ˴󲿷ֵľǰӦþǻ糱ϫħֳױʱ̣ھͲ֪ǻ糱ϫ׻ʲô̬УǷǿ֪ϫ飬֪Ϊʲôûи֪أѶ塣ǶԳϫ飬֪顣
ͥУҲڰԳ
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˵ֿܣʵȴԿ϶Ķ϶֪Щ飬糱ϫùˣù֪ˣʵĳ̶ֳϣҲζţǿߣҲ֪
ȴûи֪壬Щ֡
˵֪ܲͨŶԡ
˵
ζĿգתŸͷ
ʵһΣеǴ糱ϫΪںϴﵽһּޣͻƵȫµĽʱŻģУϫĵʵܰգƿȨҹҹԸ⣬ֱԱԴϮǺʣһǻ糱ϫ
Ҫһȣ˵꣬ǧ궼ͣ
ⶫҹ㷴ǰͲиʱǿ̣׼䣬Ը⿪ȫײԣǽǰҲûֱӴݳѶϢ
ʼάһ޷Χ֮ڡ

ʱ䣬֪УѾȥһꡣ
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һ꣬һʮʮʮ
ͻȻ䣬գ׵İһ¡
һѹƾո֡
䣬糱ϫѣǻԵΪ֮
Уһεƾո֣ңϯķ㡣
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ȻѾֵزô
һɫ䡣
Ʊ仯̫ˣΪҪҲ˵Ŀ죬ȫɳĻᡣҹȫڡ

Уһ׵Ĺһµķ
磬һʼûʲô֡
һȴûֹͣ˼һֿоٶȣϵļӴ·ҪϵϵӣΪ磬쫷㡣ǣֿ磬κһ򴵵ģǺ޹ɵģնǴжӴӿӽϮӴз˻
ָоͷ·Ǵ֮֮͸
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ݳϢʮֹ졣·ָܸܵķϣȴʮֵңƽʱܵģȫͬ
䣡
һֳǵſϯأ䣬ر⣬ؽѩȴһ飬ܵĸоһַԹĺ䣬ĵĴʹжԼñ䡣䣬޷ϴŶӵжôǿĽƽ磬ͳͳá
ں⣬赲á
䣬һͬʡǴܻͨաܵģͬġ
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Ѿô£ܶ󣬳ϫʽ֣׻ʲôӣʲôѡ
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ˢ
һ룬ͿϿգһΰӰƾճ֣۰㣬ѲķУڿʱеգ׷׸оĵ·һӾʧȡ֮ģһĪİ
赣ǣҹںϱȻҪḶ́糱ϫΣִԵϣ񣬶ܰס
вûж˵ֻǼ̵İһ䡣
ôһ仰׾ڣаգ׷ױðϵһɨ⣬ں棬糱ϫᵽʲôջ
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ͻȻ䣬һɹεĲƲӿ֣飬һ͸оԪȻĪĿʼӣӵķȻ൱ľˡ
ԪӣٶȺÿ졣
쿴ҩ԰е˲Σҩԣĺÿ죬֮ǰǰҩԣѾǧҩԣӡ
Ȫ쿴Ǳ߳һȪȪƾصȪеȪˮȻɢһȪȪۡ
ǿͨˣ쿴ȫǻĻ棬һ̺ž϶ڸмѣиĺô
һ룬ʿ֣ܵؾȻʼ췭ظı仯
пͨСݣһӱɹݡͨҩģ˲˼ǧҩԡСɽһͷǣﵽǧɸߣǸ컻ء
ϫǻ糱ϫڶɾӰ죬ϫںޱ߻֮֮ҹ㣬һУں編֮ƽ˻֮ĿʴΪһ컯ϯؼ䣬κ鶼ӵлȡԵĻᣬ糱ϫڣ̺Ƭ޾ĵϣıԴȡᷢɱ䡣ʿҲӦûˡ
иؼ䷢ľұ仯
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ڴ׾ڡ
Ȼֱ仯ȷʵܹ˲
ȻܹͻȻ䣬üһʹĪĳһֻڵĶǣǻ˸Ž󣬹â˸£ڵ⣬Ʋ񷡣


2260 
ͻȻ䣬һͷڷ˲ף˿Уݳĺժȡһڵϣ֮⣬ϳֻ֣Ժ󳤳ֻۣͷ֮¡ͻȻ֮䣬ھȫµϡ
ð棬γɷ籩ȵȡ
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Ҫ֪ܶʿһϣ뿪ȫµϣͻúѣѾӦԭȵķϣµģȻһų⣬ԣѶȻ᲻ӡ
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õֻԵ컯ˣ޲ϲ쳣ʮֵĸˡ
̫ˣҾȻȡϣֱ۳һƣ̤ƣڿնأٶȱշв֪Ҫ϶ٱ̫ˡ
ҵõϣֱ۳һԽ𣬲ԷУٶȼ죬ܻΪ𽣣ķƻǿ£һǿĻͨ
ȡ컯İգ׷״ϲ
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糱ϫһҹ֮䣬Ը컻أںϣѾﵽֵزô
ĸһ
սҹھվǲ˼ֵ̣ںƣѾڱУ޿ɱ⣬糱ϫһ׷ϳԽĻᡣͿȥ
л˵Ҳһ˿ء
ģΪֹѾȫˣҪģҲѾ׼֮С
׼ãи컯١
Ц˵
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ֻУһѷ׵˺ѿЩѷ·ͨһڡ͸ѷ죬ܿŻҵ޾գǺޱߵĻ硣ܿķײ޾磬ʹĻ֮糱ˮ㱻һѷзӵ
鶼һ̣·𿴵嫵ĻУ޴磬һ죬һͷס
磬ͷ·һǻɣڣȴһֿʼصһ𣬱ԵѾʼֻ棬˫ƵһλãŤĤѷ졣ѷ棬޾գޱ߻磬ѷĳ֣֮Ȼĳѷϯ
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׼ӭӻ糱ϫħϢ糹ײڣѷ죬ײ飬֮һЩƬͻָ컯䡣鱦Упܵһнпܡ
֮ǰַ磬ʵ̺طƬȻ䵽ϣ˲ܲɱ䣬컯һ죬ƽơȡ塣ͨľΪͨޣ˲Ϊޡ
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ҹУܶǳ磬ͻȻֹͣ
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ҹΣȻҲӰ첻ߡ
ֻѷ֡һɹɻɵĳϫʼӿ֣⳱ϫԴԴϵϯ·ǴеĺХΡǵأʵַ·ãһӣ綼

ڳϫ䵽ʱܵķһֵ˻ΪԼҪϫụ̂Ϊ촷ۡ
Ȼһ룬ͷ֣ԼڳϫУȻһ鶼ûУͷ·ǳϫڡҪҪǶ棬ܹܼĳϫ
ɾϫϯ˿δˡ
ʼһ
⳱ϫûκˣ⵽ô¡
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ʿܵϫûӰ󣬷׷׿ϫڣһȴ˾˵顣
ܿϫڣһ籩ϯϴٶȼ죬쵽ٶȣһӾͺǳϫڵȺһ㣬ڳϫڲϴ󣬿ٱŷǿԡ˷ϯȥ
ֻ棬ڳϫ֮ڡ硣
䣬Щȫ챦죬Ͽ첶׽컯
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ǻ̫ˣͻȻץһ⣬ڣȻ챦󣬾͸޷ƣ˭ܿȺһڳϫϯľ˭ܿ籩ԼùĻ档
ܶʿҪɵˡ
챦ö챦Щȫ챦죬취ܶռ챦ĴԵһΣܵõɳĻᣬҲֻһΡԵ
һʿڷź
ˣȴĻ컯ˡ
пʱǣе𾪳ţ漴ǿϲĴԵֻǰһΣһ糱ϫǾҲܷӴ˺󣬾ǧ꣬ҲԲڳֵڶΡϻԵ
ܲץסǾͿˡ
챦ͥɴӵе̫ࡣץסᣬΪ׻׵ϵ̡ժ¥УӵĿء
ͨʿ֪ץסᣬܴ
ժ¥ǣ챦
жȻ˵
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ʱͿժ¥ų޾ǹ⣬ǿ糱ˮͷųȥժ¥;ǣǳ֮챦÷УƷ׵õɱɽá
һͷųϢʱͶܱߵ챦޴
ĴҴ䱦׷׳ժ¥۶ȥһ£ûժ¥УΪһ֡
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һ£ѾɳڣϫУһ֮򿪣·һڶһ㣬ľ̳ϫ̺Ļ֮糱ϫǻֻ֮ǣͨʿûа취ȡöѣȻС
ǽһ
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磬ۿɼٶȿʼšԴڲϱ
ϫ̺طƬԣǾһζʢ硣
Ĵ
ֻԽӵķ
ںϣ糱ϫѣγ컯һεĳϫƱҪԸȻʱ䣬ҾҪǿжЦſա


2261 컯
ͥڷȡ糱ϫڵ챦ǽ˻ᣬϵ׳Դ磬ۿɼٶȷǣѸšŵķȣ£ԲӵеġЩϫ̺֮žĻ֮ҹ編ƬģЩƬЩƬ̺ط򣬶ԣǾζɿڵʢ硣
Բǧİ
ǧ

ڿռŵķȱеҪĶࡣ糱ϫĺôеĸ
糱ϫǶصһ컯һ޲ܶڳϫ֮£ţڳɳƵʼ죬ٶȼ졣Ȼڼȡĳϫ֮ǾǴƷ
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ʱԽȡĺôԽ
˿̣ȫܿеĺ˸ɫ⣬ϣ˸Ÿָͼġճһͼ쵽¡һصתȫµĽ
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УٴοʼǰС
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£ʱڣѾú飬κϣû뵽л糱ϫȻǽ˴ȡ컯
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Щʵ̫ܼˣ޷㣬ʲôУڳϫ֮УǲֻҪ˲ǱֱԴϣּʻ͡׵͡
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һ̺ڳϫڵ챦ֵ̫࣬ٶҲ̫죬ʮͻȻ֮УǸû׼Ǵܣܽȡ챦ҲǺܶ࣬·һ㣬һ漴ؼ䡣ȴгĻᡣ
Щ챦編Ƭںϻ籾ԴɣһͲˡ
ʧ󣬻糱ϫȴڼֻǣе⣬ʧ١
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һգͲ˻ѧķӦ
ĳЩ򣬺׵ģһڵͨ
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ħߵĹģƺֻС͵ħߡ
ħһУӿֳһɹɾҹħܱߵأԸӾ˵ٶϮš
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ЩħߣеĽֻһеĽ򣬳ĸ
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ħ߿Ḷ́ȫϢġ
һ㣬ڴУڣҲ׷׳ħߵļ
ֻǣ׾ڣħֵȾ̶ʮֵͣʼմһֱ׹ѹƵ״̬£ҹŨȲ㣬ܶħ͡Щһħ߶ûжǵҲֻһûģ
˵׵õġ
ħ߿ĹģСħ߶ﲻҪ΢ħˡ
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Ŀ䣬ЩħڵķλаЦ
ħߵĵ⣬ʹаǱ֪һ
׾ڵħߣʲôвڣ鷳ģǴ֮ЩħһҪܶ˲ͻ뵽֮СƾԲֹۡ
£ȻȺħ衣
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׵ȴѾ
֪УǵصĻ糱ϫĪĿʼɢ
ںϣ׽ȫµĽ׶Ρ
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Ŀóϫɢûгɣּɹֻһ̽飬ͷ֣Ѿ췭ظı仯磬׷ױǡ£ȻȫﵽԲһľ˴СΧࡣı仯ǵ߸Եġ֪ٵɽ󺣡
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Ŵա
ЩҲصı仯ȻĸܵǱˣңؼԪҲøӵĳ棬һӾ͸о嶼ܵ˸ֲʹޱȡ
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аԵͷ
ջ񣬻൱ġ
ĵƣȻԽǿԽãܸЩӦľϲ


2262 
֪еڵȴûжãͿµȺϤִλڸոյĻ糱ϫο
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糱ϫ飬׸߲֪ġ鱨аڣȫܡ׾ܵõ׼ȺγϫУջǳȡٵ챦νǴƣջ
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ڼȻһЦԭЩˣǣһЩƿƿ޹ޣˣٽռݽҲҪ½裬ڷУٸҲҴףʡ鷳ʡȴ
ģ̶ϣô׻ȡ档
ܱ߸򣬴ױ֣ħеҹаħҪӣЩ֧ŲסĻǾͲɴʲô飬׳Ⱦռݴ֡һ㣬Ҫ
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΢Ҵħƽ磬ɿ֮šֻҪȡ֮꣬žۣʱ򣬿ţн֮ϢݳȥʱҴ֮Ͷ·̤ţҴױѡ
ڸУ޽±еսбѵĻᡣҲǻ·
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ڴûа취׳£ЩǿеȨ֮ơܱ֤һħ´Ȼȫסǲܵ顣ЩҪڰнС
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Ҳδֵ֧ס˾ٴ롣
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˲Ŵٴοʼ棬ƾѾ˳У˲ſʼӿ֡׵ϵʼԽԽϵ˲űڵĴףѾӦһбʵ׼

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Уڣʿһʮ˷ϲõ״̬Уǿߣ׷׳ʼûڻҰ֣ѰЩɢڸص챦ҪĸӦܷѰһЩ䡣һʱ䣬Եʮֵ֡Ҳĸܵؼı仯
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ģѰ£ϳʿҵϢ֮¶˲䣬ʿ顣ԽӵԵмַ
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һУ˵һħ磬壬ˣ飬ؾˣ壬УʦʦΪһȺʿԹ¶ƣ˷ʤһЩлصΰ
֮ʦһȺ׷Ѱķӣ׷ǶϤصİء漰ķ򣬿ν൱ࡣʲôܲһ֡ڸʿУʦҲ൱ǵһࡣ
У׻÷Ϊ𡣵ϣǸֱݣվ˳ֻɶѣ÷ǿߣһ齨ᡣִͬγһĸ֡
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ҲһԺƽơסİ˿ڣϰ
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ܱߵһָ
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ڳУҲպա˿̵һֻӰֺ֩ͿԴԴϵİӰ֩ӿ֣ɽڻۣ·һӻΪɫ


2263 VS
̤̤̤ɽ棬һɽڵ죬ܱѲӵʿǰɽȲ̽һȿڣ˲䣬һʿͫͫȴڷŴ¶һĨ֮ɫ
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֧ĿɽڵĻ棬һʱ׵ֻѾһħߣڳֵĳϢϢᳬĽףһСħߡ
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µĲǸʵ壬ԴԴϵĳ溣սǲֲġ
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³ŵЩȣɲǰõġǽһ죬ȺʿµսȻ񿥣ԳƵе֣ûа취ЩӰ֩ۿɼٶȱ׷ϡ
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һʿųǹ¶һĨᶨִŵĿ⣬Уܸܵһ£ӲˣѾһ㣬һսǰǰ飬ļʣһɣޱãȻΪʿҲҪڳĵ·ϡ

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СħߣþûѾ׽ˣ˵ﻹǺܲġƣпҪ齨š֪þòʹҪǺʹҲץһֻ
СħߣֵһְӰ֩ĳ壬նɱ󣬷֣ǵȿƳϵȵսìѾкܶʦϹȥ׼չȣΪϡֵ͡ͽѾȥħˡ
ˣձȺгֵħߣһֽħħȫʮּӲնɱȫ£ϵȵľ𣬶ϣʬ壬Ǳҡ
׾ڣħֵĻңһ˸߲ңͬһ
СħߣڴװյУǾһ̰ǰˡ


2264 Ӱɽ
СħߣɳֵֻĽ׺Ľ֮µħƵģͲܴħߣڴ׾ڣȫԱʿģǱĬĴ£˵ͼײεϾ׵ġһǿսɲӲҪ˵ͽһѪļһЩСħڴб¶󣬾ûгֻ֡ħƣһִأǰȥѹħӿħ붼˵ͽˡ
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ΪʲôǲǴҪҲڴ׾ھͺˣ˵׾ڣڻҰе壬ûܵħֵϮ֮ǰһûС
ĽҪǴܽǽֱͳιȥͺˣħϮ糼ס׵ܱͬĩҪõĶࡣһǵһá
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ĺҪġ
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ǽȺҹܵļ̳ô˲̳Բκѷɫǿ󡣡
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ᦣѪħᦣҹϢҹħܶԣԲһĸӦͬѪеĺԶҹǿߣнá
ЩÿһѰȥҹУ˴Ѫɺӣǳ


2265 Ԫ
̳һʼ룬ҪҲͨƷ龫ѪѪڣҹ幱׳ľѪ۶ɣܿÿһξѪڣ·һҹħϵоִһĪħԡ£һĸоϺڣ˵νǰǻعܲܳɹ
аĿúһһڵħ񿪿˵
һǺħ壬ǾˣȴôºͣսҲ൱ײУóֿµͨ
ٺ٣ڣʱ䣬Ѿǣס󲿷ֵľսѾ׼һҵĽ콾սУҹҲռżƣڣŻ糱ϫһ𣬴ħߵƣڱˡټϽ飬ܣǲ֪ģ֪Ҳһʧ
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ô׼Ϊȷһʧʧܵĵ⣬ҹô࣬Ҫž⣬дڵĻᡣ
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ҹǿҪعˡ
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ֻʱŭԽԽʱȻܿԪھҷͻȻ䣬ʱճڣðһУУһ֧ӴĶƾճ֡
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˸Žģֱӷ·ħһ㡣
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ʵҲȷʵˣֽʱ䣬ʵ򣬾ֱӽǴӷ󣬽һȫ¼ԪǿԽʱյĽޡ
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һ޴Ĺⰵħɣʮһһ׵գ·Ӱ㣬ķһɢ޾ĺڰһɢ޾Ĺⰵ֮䣬ϣõƽ⡣ͨ£˸ŽĹ󣬴ݳѹ


2266 Ŵ
һبżħبżУͬǶڣսǿֻǣڴ˿̣ܿѾնһѺۣᶼѾʧȫܸܵսж༤ҡؿڶһ޴Ķڣڵ˿־塣ǡˡ
ⰵħ̧ۿʱճӣƺһĨĪĹʡ
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ع飬ǽҪع飬һԪսᡣĳ𣬱Ҫ
һҹܱܵĴʱճ֪һԪѶϢѾ׵ܵӼԪ߳ҪعҹֻҪЩܵĴ޸ͿԶɻԴ
ܿһҹܣʮ𣬲ħսħ
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ˣǰҪعˡ
ݼأЩǰ۲ɱʱձġڿĴսǼΪĿ£ˡһǰǱߣ·磬Ҳǿ߻ع飬ָٶȣҲҪ߸һȣܲȡռȨ
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Ҫ֪Խ쿪ʼľƣ߸Եĸı䡣㽫Ϊǰһ⡣
һħ߸ֳЦݡ
ԼⷽѾع飬ǾԻĴܽоѻֹǻع顣
ʱճУҹԽԽѷʱħЦԽӵŨá
УĿõеˣĿ鶼ԽԽأȻ˵׼ã±ʾͿͨǱϽѹҹ̳ǽҪа׷ķܱҹħķɡҪǼ̫ãֻҪȡƻеʱ䣬Ǿȫ㹻
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ҹħͷҪع飬ҲҪǴ𲻴Ӧ
ڤ淢һЦ
¼䣬ѾԦѪţճ֣ų貵Ѫɫ⣬һѪɫ׺ĳҹ̳λײȥͨ嶼ݳһϢ·κεǰײķ顣
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һײͬײ򣬽ʵʵײҹ̳ϡµĺУȻܿɽ嵱ײķ顣ѪǰײǣǿƼܹ֮һСһС
ᵽ
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ҹħɫ䣬Ŀнɢд󶯡
Ȼ򣬲֪ʲôʱдƾճһšУɢŨĽ⣬ᴩʱճӡ


2267 
ô£ոյĽһЩ⣬ЩȣѵڶʲôⷢЩԣǾڣֻҪ뿪ʱճӣ·ǾͲҪپ»ᱻԪУ±𡣡
ȻѾѳԪķΧʱճϣṳ̂ĻûմȾʱӡǣûн⣬ʱʱճʧȻϢĻصԪУǶǿԤ顣
ӵһԪӡ
ֻоʱϴ񣬲ܳ׹
⣬Ǿ⡣
죬ųڻȶٶȳȥ
ⰵħĿú󣬶Ȼһŭ
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˭ֻҪ뿪ʱճӣˣһҪǺú㡣
һҹжӿֳǿҵɱ⡣
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˿̣ⰵħҹǿߣȴԵһŭ
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ϣ֮ǿϤĺܣսϣֹ֪ٴΣȻ֪بżֻۣǿɲߣⰵħһبżħħսͬߡԶйѣôûܵĿܡ
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ϵһ̣ͬʱݳǿԴԴϵĽ֮ӴУУɣȡԴԴϵĹעڵĺС
һ̣ͬ޾ˮɰٴһкɣڼȡ
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ܱߵľͳͳһ˲ήΪĩ·һӣʧȥһ֣ͳͳڡķֵĴأҲһ˲䣬ʼɿݣǷɳһƬɳĮеȡɳӶʼ飬ʧԴԴϵ֮˷۹ٱʧ
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ڼȡıԴ֮
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濴֮Ϊĵضݡͬɳ㣬ϯһСƺնڱ顣
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ⰵħĿãͫ¶֮ɫоһĪĿ־壬оԼĺĳ档


2268 ɱ
һȺҹܵĸоһִѼ٣ָоʵ̫¡ޱǿҡǱܵҪӵԽԶԽãϣɵΣȴʼûв
ڵľ棬ôռݾԵƲŶԡ
ѲĹϵԣһĿ֮ϣеɱ⣬ȫڲסģŨҵ¡
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һҹ֮
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ĺãɣʢ磬һΣ´λ֪᲻С
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ںٴοʼһֵıǡ
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һɵʱԴ֮ʵ̫Ӵˣ󵽾˵ĵزʱԴ뱦
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һε־ڲϻۡңֻٶԽԽ졣
ĺã־ϧκβҡҪǷŭĻܽŭкǰЩҹħϺˣΪǽϧ
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ͬʱзһϺȡ漴Ϳ֮ҡһ䣬ѾΪ壬֮ڽ£һڵĶڣڵһˣȻݳһϢ
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޲TǣѾ׼һкɣҪҹɱϣ֮ǣ˲仯Ϊһ߲⣬ûУ޲TǣҲѸ˽ȥԭʧǶڣʧȡ֮ģһƬʼء
꣡
һڵ˲ԭվλã棬Ȼݣأ˲ѡ󣬸ǧɫ籩Ƭ򣬽ʥ򣬳״ݻ٣һƬޡе־Ǵݳһ޾ķŭ
ʹףһҲҪϣ棬̺Ĺ仯һУͻ֮ܵϮ
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־ЩȻ־ңŭ磬ڸ㱳򡣡
쵰ֱ̫дӣϿӳȥ뿪磬Բܶ
ⰵħܹܵУ־Ŀѹ˿ѷɫҹĶ磬ĳ̶ֳϣ绹Ҫӿֲ£ףԤ⣬ѹ䵽жǿ
־һ֣˲䣬͸оؼ䣬ݳһǿҵų͵⣬ֵ⣬󺣰㣬ԴԴϵϯ
ѹױȵѹ˷ϯ
ΪС
ǹⰵħЩبżħɸоֲѹبżȻǿԵģվĿֲڡû˭޶á
֮ǰֳ׵ĳȡʱԴ֮ľٶѾȫŭ־һɵĶߣµĹⰵħǣʣͳ־Ŀ꣬ʿɲǵǲ޹ģǲǱֻ϶һģҪ
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һĻȴ·Ӽŭ־ܼĹףøӵĿ񱩣˷ϯ·һƬƺ㣬ħսħڣڡ
ܿⰵħŴгһ룬ȴֱִĺɫǿȥ
֪ȥã嫵ڣûκζ
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ˡ
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һâȻܿһѸٴ̤
˲䣬϶¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
ǴʳˣھͲ֪Ⱥҹħ׻ʲô
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ɺʱԴѾŭ־ʱߣµҹħȻΪʵĿ꣬ЩҹħȻǿӵبżħɱȻ޷硣㲻ɱҲҪ־ǿѹӡһ֣һΣǵĿĶѾﵽˡ
һҲһ󼤶
ûаٷְٵİգ鵽һѾʤ
ֻҪĽ֮УܱɱǷӡԣǶǿԸıƵĴ¡ɵӰ죬ǰδеģ˭޷
пܣиϣǱ־ѹǳɱĻиĲٿؿռ䡣ĺ׼֡
ĵ̣ʵҹǿ־֣بżħҲ޷ܵľʱճзҪ¡Ҫ
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ڤ濪˵
̫ˣҹܻ֡
һ׷鵽ףЩףܱŹϮȻԴԴϣһãͻܶˡ


2269 ǳ
ˢʱͻȻ䣬һͨ쳹ص˲ͽУ޲Tڤ˳ڡ
ÿһⶼʵʣһʥĸоʱůϢǸͷܵĸоһĪáһ⣬ԴԴϵĳȥ
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£ؼΪһִڡ
йϴҵԹ֣аЩܣ״ɱйĹ֮ʿһɱܵķɣҵµ¡»壬ؼ䣬һֱϣԽǿԽǲմȾ̫ҵ
һմȾĺиأӰ;
ʿڹ׷ҲƶᣬҪȡ£ǾҪص飬пܹ¼Ҫμ㣬ûжġ
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иܵĹ´£ܵ׵һΣԼõĹ£ӴڵĹ¿ԿһɵĻռɡ㣬ɵĹ£һ˵֣һɵĹ£һ֤۷ǿߣֱƿ֤Ԫ
У谭󿪷֮ţΪ֮ݻ
һɰֻҪһɣܹһ֤ǿ֤
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ã˵ǱҪġٴεɱ䡣
̧ۿգɹûѡΪ֤ĽݾʹãԼĵûһƾṲ̤̆ʵʵǰߣһһӡԵ;еķ羰
ˢ
һ䣬ѾͷĹȻȻĳȥ⹦£ǹУʹãоԵȨֻԼϣ±ǲָܷ˵ġظĶ͡

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ͬʱʱ֮ԴԴϵУڵһ磬ٴηɱ䡣ǲǷΧڱ󣬶Ĺ򣬱øԲرݣøӼǿ
һ磬ֻڵķ࣬ҪģţҪҪĶ࣬ڹ֮ڶһָı䣬˵Թ£ǰȱٲȱķϡ
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һɹӴĹ罻ڣϺǣǣģطַ򣬷·ֱ뵽У£Щϣڽ󣬽᳹磬Ϊһ֡
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ܿԹΪ̥ǧöǳȻʼȻȻļȡ֮÷ǳԽԽһлΪʵơͬĹҲԴԴϵĳǧöǳйעȥ
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һööŲͬǳڻУһƬǿա
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һգ̲ס̧ۿգһ̣ǿ̫ǿաⲻǻþʵģǧǳγɵͬʱѾʼͶӰκһ磬ܿǿաܹҫ̫Ĺԡ
ֱ仯ȻȻġ
ջһջӡ
ֹסļһĨɫ漴ͿٽջڡıΣԸ¶̫࣬ƣֻδ֪ܲ㹻
ʱֻУһεѹ
ѹ糱ˮ˷ϯȥبŴ½ܱ߽硣ѹǡ֮鶼оһɲɿܵϣ·оĿʥ˽٣òϥݡ
ڣѹֻһš˲һա
ǺܶʿѾڵϣֻ»Ϊոоģֻһһ鲼ҹħѹ£ѹſڵϣУ¶һĨԱܵľηǶλߵıη塣ɪɪ
ô£˿ֲ֮ѹֱʥһ㡣ѵµʥ˳ˣǣ֮ǰôһ׶ûСĺж˭õˣĪҪ֤ʥˡ
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Уʿ׷¶֮ɫԺУʶľ͸ֳһͷ
֤Ԫ˳ʥ
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ȻиһֿϲҹԿʱÿһʥˣǶĵ̡
ʿԲ²ʱͻȻ䣬ֻУӿ컨׹ࡣһѪ𣬹ᴩУȻܿһ嫣ɷѪӰ̤գ£һѪɫĵ㽫̨࣬Ȼһڿ


2270 ֤
һʣԨƺ·һۣܸо˫ĿʹҪϹʥˣֱӡ
ʼȣԱ֤֮ԪɾͻԪش˼
䣬ͷ֣һ֣޴սи֣սϣܿɱսĻ档Ѫ׺ݡ˿ͬʬɽѪ֮Сɱ֮ʡϯ硣ʿ飬о·ޱս
֤Ȼһӵĵǻǧһľ衣ںս֮
ɱ¾ڵ壬ɱսսΪΪѪǿ󡣱սںϣںо裬ɾȶһ޶ıؼ䣬ȣսĳƺսͼ¼Ĵڣľ֡
յ˵ȱʵһԪڵĺ֮УͿ֤ԪУķ̫ǿԶꡣʵ㹻Ҳûа취֤Ԫⲻȵ⣬Ҳ磬һԪ֤ܡ
ȻĻԪȵ껹ҪǿǿԿ϶ġ
ʵ㹻˿̣¼йΪһԿףڹǰױƣһֳ˲͵õϿɡһɣ˲֤ԪɾͻԪ޽ɡ
֤һԪ㲻ʥ˲Ԫԣ֮ܳΪʥˣҵλͬʵͬ

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Ϊ֮ڵһ̳֡ͷ·һö貵ǳҫ貵⣬ϵ紫ݳķϡ
߾ټ̳֤ԪȣԪ޽ɣĳˡǹ֤
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֤ĿԣӴĹ£֧֤Ԫ߾ټ̳
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Ȼʥ˵ʥ˲ȻҪһһ𣬻Ԫ޽򲻻ʥ˱ȻʥλشɣɻԪɲᣬԪ޽ɣ̳٣Ҳ䣬Ԫ
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У컨׹ӿ󲻶ϣȻΪ֤ء
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ˢ
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һ˲̳ƾճ֣̳ϣٲȻܿطˮɽȷģڼ̳֡ճİͼһ󣬽СȻһ̳
̳ϣֳһӰٲȻһ۵ķˡ
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Ϊˣ֤ԪΪԪ޽ɡ
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ˢ
ڷ˵֤ؼʱһ𣬺嫵ѹɢϯ˷
һµİ˲̳ƾճ֣̳ϣֻܿľ֣˿ؼ䣬һֲҩ·ܿһӰڻҰǰУͣƷһδ֪ĲľóƤҩҩĿãһȻȻ𾴡
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ũӰգҲ³һѸ֤
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ũ֤Ԫʣǿߣһѹסڵĳ嶯ֻ֤»Ϊʸ֮ģҹжд̣ʱ򣬷ʲô£ǻص֤ͥ


2271 ӧ
ĵĽ壬ǹĲҪʵ¶ʵбҪģ¶̫࣬ͻʸ֮ģжд̣壬û̫ôʵӹųһӦԵĲԶѡһЩƣδõĻȥΪ棬̡
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׵Ѷôһ£ڤģ£ֱкһڤһǰ
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˳֮ʱ򣬾ҪԼѸĶģˣٵġܳʤܣ۷塣Щǵˣδսѡ

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ĸˣؼа֮Щ֮䣬һϵԴϣһ˿׽
;ҪɳҹһµĶܡ
磬ؼɣ̺ŸķҵĵҪںϼʶ磬δĵҪҪǰμȻʧУý˻ᣬ¶ġ
аһϿҵ˵
ãҹҪľаĺ֮㣬ȷ档ȻҪȥǱһ֮
ǧ׵ͷ˵


2272 ն׼ƻ
һöԨħ֣ΰԨħĸκһöԨħֶһǿħսħۣ˳ɳħа˵ƵΪټа֮ȾɣӦˣԨħ֣аɱħսʱǱǷδûн߲εĻᡣǧ׻˵
ּ䣬һֻϻǰа˹ȥ
аĿãæڵлл״˺ͣҵаȷʵںΪֻǣʱȻаûΪģվǲ㣬öԨħڣаͿֲȱݣ绢ǰİվ͸ˡ
Уޱȵϡ
аӵа죬Ԩħƺں϶ɣһֱ䲻а⣬û˭֪аҲΪֻһ۲¼ɵħѣһֱûչֳۣħս
ааڣɢΣ䱾ϣؼ䣬аɵľۺ壬ɢģҲһֱûбҹħ񷢾ԭ
öԨħ֣ǡǡúʽ¶⡣
ȥ磬ͬСɣزļʣߴųɣ棬Ҫע⣬Ҫ̫ƻҪȻͻ־ĹעĹ䷨Ԩ־ڣԵܲʹԨ־ͲҪʹãҪȻȻᾪ־ҵߣҪأȻ־Ԯ
Ц˵
аϣȤ൱͡
ħǽĿаϣ¶ı飬Եʮֵĸӡ
գ˭֪ʱǰɣǰ׳գǾ֣У϶ĿģΪ˱Լǰûһħô
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˭Ϊ˱˶ȥԼ
֮ͥڴеڤ棬ʥʣħ޲TȵһȺǿߣǼȻˣҹͲܾʹաҹûа󣬳ĬϰߣˣǾ͸ʮٱĻȥ
аٴο˵
Ҫƾǲ
ħһۺ󣬺ɵ˵
ϣǵ뷨һµġô뻹
еˣҪȻһΣҹ棬⡣ͨԶΣҵȻ޷̤磬ԣ׼ʩ׼ƻ
а׻˵һʩն׼ƻ֪֮ͨеİӣǽնףλҲԸչܣܳɹȻԴϲɹߣͣǲܣʩеڶ׼ƻͻᶯҹһŵơ
ն׼ƻһֱڰнеģ磬Щ꣬Ѿвٶ콾Ī䡣Ƕ⣬ҹеֱʣͷ߾аżΪҪĽɫ
Ȼǿߣն׼ƻĳɹʣߣʱҪʧܵ׼ԣڶ׼ƻؼģ漰ҹһơ
ܶħᣬкܶ඼¶ãȻ
аǲûдϸ˵ڶ׼ƻʱҲûж˵ʲôħҲûпѯʡаȻҪ֪ûпڡ
ʱ֪ԽԽȫ
ҿڣһпӭ
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һźħ׷ȥ
ֻʣ׻С
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пһԪǿߣпһԪħ֮˭ɶųˣΧ̫㣬
ΣǹǾվҪ¶ţץסˣǾͱȥЩƻҪӽܲ͸¶Ͳ͸¶
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һԪ֤ħ񣬱еаԶа񣬲Σñ־ͱ뱣֣öԨħ֣ΪǷҳҹ
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ҹ֮ˣںԨħ֣Ǿ̺Ԩ־˲佫Ƿһ̺Ԩħĸһ˿־Բһ֤ħֵܵġ
а׼ǰ飬ǶǱһֹ̬ȡ
Ҫ׻

ҹа
аѾؼޱںһؼ䣬ȻϢ׷ټκһ޴ڡڣ൱֡
ҹаħڴˡ
񲻶֣񣬽ȡǼΪķ㣬ϣпڽԱаҹУһɢѾΪһҪľۼ֮ء
˿̣аȻаĺĿռС
ڵа¯֮ԴԴϵУа֮йâ˸
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а¯йâһͿһУһ࣬ȴûͷ­Ĵ󺺳¯ϿգϵԵ쳣죬ûʥ࣬ҲûԨħֵĳټ𡣷һ䣬һ󺣰Ĳɲ⡣ǰΪۣΪڣаݼ
죬аΡ
а׵ͷѯʵ
амȡؼ֮ҹУʮѪ£ԴԴϵӿֳ޾֮ǵϱءаѾǲ༶ңȲֻҪгʱ䣬بż
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ҹ߶аֱʥأĺô̫ˡ
ÿʱÿ̶кıԴаǴ´ࡣ
һبżҲبżĴڡ
һöԨħ֣ܷҹ߲쳣
айâһóöԨħ֣˵
Ԩħ֣
һ̲סһͣ˷ܵ˵Ԩħ̺Ԩħĸһ˿־ʵ־ֻ䵮Ԩħ飬±Ԩħ֣飬ټа屾Դں϶;ԨħԣҲ˵Ԩħ顣ڣһںԨħ֣ħоͲᵮµħ飬ֻᱻںϡʱа졣
һĲ
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ãȻöԨħ֣ͽںϡᷢʲôı仯ñʧ
аվа¯ǰ˵


2273 а
лˡһϲ˵
ˢ
漴Ԩħ־ͱӽа¯УǺԥͶȥ
һʼͿа¯Уһаⲻ˸һаİ񵥳ڣصķСһţȻа񣬴˿̣аƺŶصԨϣаصķģ֯һݱơ
аͬажһ޶ؼ䣬޽С
ںԨħֵͬʱаҲڷɱ䣬ƺøӵ졣
ңܿһͨ쳹ص
Ԩħĸͬһ۽ʱͻõĶ͡ħսħĵȻҲõԨħĸĶ͡
ֱаϡ
аһаĹâתؼ֮ԴԴϵĳа۶ȥΪаɱϡ
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ֻۣһ㣬Ǿ㹻ˡ
аôҹиĺ֮㣬ֻһ㣬Ϳǵ̬ȷı䡣
ѵãаȷʵе˼ںΪһ壬ȻˣǲҲһ֮بżмϣġȫֵעԴ
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ȷʱͿҹУʮѪº׵ĴŹѪ»ֱӿԽʱյĽޣ˲䳯а˹ȥʮѪɫ»ʵʰ㣬аԴԴϵĹעȥصķƣѸа
ҹʮѪ£ǾȻὫѪ±Դ֮עаУʾô
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ȻҲںԨħ֣չֳĸֱӵĹϵаЦһ£ŵʳͣȻоܾĵͲĸ࣬ԽԽá
ĶӴ󣬳Ե¡
Ѫ±ԴԴͷһעаԣֱǴ󲹡
Դ׳ɱ䡣䣬بżԽԽ·Ѿʼһ컨һ
аҹһ˵аڣãʣ൱ߣףаȫϡûгʲôºֵ顣
аȻΪһħսֻδķչǱӲˡ
˵ûУаܹ֮ΪħսΪа֮׼ǰ磬ѰʧߣŻԵĽͣοġ
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ҹ֮УȺ鼤ܣ֪ǿߣѾ׼ǰս
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׵ҪŶѾսУһȫ䣬ڴͥѣһγصĴҹҪģǾҪôֱ˵ı
һ⣬ҾҪȥʮ⡣
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ڿаʼɱ䣬ҹʿУ̺żڴģڴţܹЩʧߣһʱҹռϷ磬ȫ䣬ҹǲŵģبżħΣ׾ͻĴڡ
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аɱ䣬ܿͽ
ײɱ䣬ɴڲ༶ĲΣֻǣһɱ£Ѿﵽ༶۷壬بż֮ң
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ҲڴԨħ֣󣬻ʲôĸı䡣
ˣаΪ⣬޷㵥Ԫֻеɸ㵥Ԫݱһصаа񣬸ոаһͬԨħֵɱ
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аؼ䲻ִԹ־գƿظа飬һһʹǡаǽа񣬲ܹմҹаħΪҹУɾټ
Ŷ˵˵ʲôı仯
аͷʾ
֮ǰаԸյ̨εҹаħǿߡҾпǵһһУ¶аΥӡһ̨ﵽ֤ͻвȻǿƿأȴô׵ġڣɱ󣬼ȡԨħֵаȫƿ֤εħУӡҳаǸ߲εħҲܹƿءһبżǻԪεħҲҪԹԸס
һһ˵
а񣬾аĺ
ƿһоƵĴڡڣаʵ
ܹﵽ֤ħĲΣаڶʱڣ͵һ˾ĵز
ҹħ񣬲ؼĲִ֪ж١ֻҪгڣȫԸ˵ħħеħ롣
һΣ˵ֱа˳򣬿Էˡ
ǺǣŽһҹһľϲȻпǾҲ˵
аЦЦв֪ʲôͷ׽
Уа¯ؼа֮֮۳аѪٶȣ֮ǰҪϰٱ۳аѪƷʸߣǶħ񼶱ǿߣҲЧԿΪͻƾ磬Ƕطĺôؼһ޶
ٴ˵


2274 õĵ
аѪаеҹ֮УҲǶһݣֱӸܹзκεطа֮ڵУаѪ𵽼õģаİУܶ񣬶аѪΪꡣԣаѪһ𣬾ĺ䶯ĿĴڣֶһ޶Դҹ֮У˶ҪõͲòаǲ룬ҲҪȡʵĳ̶ֳϣаʹΪú
ǰаѪѾҹ֮ͣٴεõɱ
۳аѪĺ䶯Щǿߵֻ
֮ȡԴͻף֮ôһа¯ȻȻ۳ز
ˣҹȻ˴ĺôҲҹеʧս硣ȥߡаǱ¶һĨаԵЦݡ
һĪĺ⡣

ȻҹưոݣҪڼ飬ҳʱճѾ׷ʱ⣬޷̽ȥʱգںϿʼѾңҪֻеһԪ׽Ϊֹ
Ѿصͥ԰кĸ϶һƷ裬ʳƷġһ˵ǰҹսľͻȻ䣬¶һ˿˵һ䡣
ôҹǱǲģҪԷ֡
ĸĿã˵
Уһ˿ء
ģڴ׾ڣû˿ԶҲвʥҲС֪ģֻҹħսеĴ׾ŷ
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ɫη壬鶼ѾˣǾѾ׼ǱˮڣһճͺãûбҪΪҹϾͻֲ̿ɶա
αϾͬСɣҹһֳ衣Ϊϴˢ裬ǻ᲻ϧһдۡ
϶һǵ˵
Ҫ룬ֻҪҴȲչɡħ֣ǸǴ״ı׳ʱҪˡҹѵõĺãγ
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ʱ䣬ÿ춼ڷ޴ı仯
ҹħĳ֣ʹҲϣѾ˵ڲѾѹȥħߣͻȻϮʹѹħߵǿش䡣ñƵħ֣һӾʧˣҹħħгûֱӹɢ֮иҰħٴαס
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·𳹵ڸС
ҪۼػҪͷʹЩħķһȫɱ֮֮ƹ֮԰ѡ
棬Ϣоͷߵټ
Ⱥͷߣֱĳ棬ƻŸطӡʹľ棬ãʧػҵĽ׶ΣɵӰ죬̫ˡ
֮ڣһƬȻָ漱Ϣɡ
Ǵ״⣬ʵţǴģţǴ׵ͳ𵽼еǵ˵
ŲǶϷ
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ھսŴŵ飬Ƕ֪Ŀ൱ĳס
ɲһҪôһ֣ҪһٶǬκηӦĻᡣ

׽⣬һٽΪؾ
УȻԵؾΪӴ󣬶ңڵؾԼĹȣΪյ۹ؾȻͰСǻۼߣǿ̷棬νһģĸƷ൱࣬ǹĴڣз콢ͧеܵȵȣڵؾУѾˡ
ңọֺ́ġлвٺöڸУɲС
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ǣ˵ǵؾһеĽԺĴڡ
ֻǣ˿̣֮Уܿؾ϶¶ֲ̿ı顣棬ܿУѹѹģƺһڲɢ
ǺȫһּΪõĸоʶҪ롣
ҹаħҪؾ۹
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˿̵ĵؾۣһƬŭ𣬽
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ؼ䣬µĶ֣Ǿռһϯ֮صġ׼䣬û˻Ը
ħΪ׵Ķޣ̺ĶԺǿҪǣɢ൱ˣȵʱѾֹסˡȫǱĳܣؾ۹ܵĴݲС
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صĶƣڱա
ʹؾò£жޣ֮սӲҡ
Ҫǵؾиֵؾֻ£һʼͻ᳹ױڣҲԽԽ⣬ʱб̵Ŀܡؾ۹ǽǰ
£ǵԮȥܹԮģûСǿѾǰħսͬ壬̶ͬȵϮ޷ֱûԮ͸Ӳ˵ǰԮ
һسЦ˵
ڵʮԣָǲˡ
ߣҹǱҵġ
ؾסȨȣɿսΣ漴¶һĨȥϵͥ׵ݽ飬ԸЯؾ򣬹鸽ͥչͥǲܾܾģҹǾôȥԸԴףȺʲôΪ
ѰС
ҹȣ׾Ȼѡؾ򣬿ٽ׽֮ǰһֱǶԴ׽䱸мӣ´׻ǳ֣ڣҹв£ؾѡ򽻸ΪͶ״еĵؾԻȥȺĶ޸ۡ
˵Ѿ󲿷սǰħսڲ飬δػԸĳ
еؾǵǵ˵
鴫ȥҾͲţļȡ
ؾȵ


2275 漱 
ȻסǾҿסġڵؾУͥһԿסĿɽ׾ڣȻΪȴܹ干棬ԸڴɳڣںϵģѡסڻҰ֮УҰУǶûеģеİգҲȺܹװսнס
Ѫ岻죬Թ棬Żܴ׵ȫΧˣϴѹ
ؾһ壬֮ǰȻ֮ЩĦվûдﵽѪĵزڣ׾ڣɳڣеؾס棬ͨ飬õͥʽݣӵ켮þסڴɳڣܵͬȵĴ
Ȼؾܹ֮ͨ飬ΪУоһطΪ̥
ǵؾòϣǲ۵ģֻҪ̥ͿòûΣֻûͬһƤһȻȫʵڸйϣ٣һЩ֮䣬ͨĻ
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ָֻϾ̥ڴУܡ氮ҪȻֻûòվûж˻Ըܡ
˿֮£ϲؾ⣬ҲûС
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Ȼǲ̥ƾһ׵壬Ŵģȣ߲õͣȡ׾λǱȻģУµȺܵõĴܹһʽĴݣˣҲܻȡʱľݡֻǻһ޶ѡ
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ǣǾԲܵġ

ؾ洦ɼʵϣؾзĽ飬ǵһҲֻǽһʼѡ
ڴ׽ڵĽУָĽ飬鸽Ĺ飬ǽϵĳ֣ڴȺУһиһƬȡ

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ʱ䣬еĹ飬ǸѩƬһƮ
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֮ǰļ򣬲ƿأңʱͥͳΣѾģУԭȵգѾ֮УΪԺԴ׵ҳ޲Ǽᶨơ
ͥͳΣѾɺңһɨԭȵĻңħֱѹȥֺĻָɣһ棬ʮֵλҵָƽȣգ޲ǶԴףУ蹦̵¡
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˵ʱ˵ڣеĳһһһ۷Ź⣬Ͳô׶ʮЩǴʵ
Ҫ֪ÿһ򣬴׵ʵ̣ǳɱɱı
Դǣô׵ӡܶ򣬶дԭȲûеԴԴջÿһµԴ칤еȺ˵ȫµսµϱƳ
ʮô״һ
£ʱ䣬ǴУͽˣнʿɱҹаħټϱ׼ѪǣѪǣӴ̣һʮһԽ볤ǵ֮У֤ױ߽İȫȶ
Ҳڻ㱨ѪǵĽչ
ѪǿǴ׵ĵһŻ֮أŵֻѪǵػܴ㹻İȫС
ͺñڣȺѪǿȫԽŽиǺҲһ¶Ц⣬ѪǾǴ׵һϡǴ׽
ľǴ׵
ʥַ
ֶ̽ڼš
ͻȻǰʵ׼׼׵ھȱ˿ڣʱ£ҴУǷ񻹾ʮ˿ڡ
֮ǰ٣һ˿ڴ
ĵľ⡣


2276 
ģ˿ϣκ⣬˵ʮǼʮϰߵ˿ڴҲһ㡣еȻһЦʮƶ˵ҹͬʱУջ˺˿ڣ֮ǰµʥأټϴūлȡ˿ڣǶ𾪵֣
֮ǰڿٳĶУһ˿ڴڣɾо˵ĴܹΪţݻûκѹ
ֻǣһţеҹħҪδãЩħڽӡϾǴ׵ġսţѾǰħսˡ
ڼѯʵ
·ģսŲڣҴ֮УеսҪг֣˵ͿЩڵҹħһȺĽ׵аħѣͽǰˡ
ȭǰӧ
Щִ˵֪עͽж٣ЩУܶɵʿߣ˵Ƕǿߡ
еĸ֣ǲ
ȫʿĴ󻷾£ʹиֲ˲ű֪ʿ䡣ûонʿɴҲǺǵġһܱǳġԻҰԣͽ˷ӵרҵóһ̣Ҳǵʲõı¶ľġ
ʱչֳ˵ʵˡ
Ե˷ϾֻҪѹħߣɢڽеҹħϵûǿָӣߣȫͽսţΧɱҪʱǴԭԤµĸţгţԤ۾ţʱ֣ѹսڣɾսʿȫƿؾơ
Ц˵
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Ǵһֱȫдκô
֮
˿Ա⡣
ãȻˣ˵Ϊͽҹаħߣɻȡѫ㡣ԭȵΥƷɿŶһƾѫжһͨǲǿߣѹħߣžٴξĿԡҹκһᡣ
׵ͷĽ׵ħڴ۵ףãֱͽȥΧˡҲһγԣһο飬Ҫ˵ס飬εɵ㹻ƯַȫԳΪһֳĲԡ
нǿϢ
ⱾǴ׷еĴо
Ȼ䶼ʵǺβԼȥˣĥµЧһջ񡣲Եõɳܵõ
Ȼ׾ʼնǴװļʵܡ
һ֣ȷУţִѾûгɣе¾㱸Ͳȡ̡и֣Ǿʹȥ󣬴ǶţЩħ£ܿѵͬսѡ
ҹǰ壬Ҳǿսѡ
ǣ¡
Ⱥ׷״Ӧ϶¶ǿҵ˷ڴ֮ɫ
ţעһʢ磬˵Ǿǹ

һٰʮ³ġ
ͥ߾֮أеѪǣ׵ĴֳΪʵʣ˲ڴıԵ֮ء
һԵ飬ĿΰѪǣܵǵĲãΰ
ˢ
ѪУͻȻɳһɫۡ
ÿһϣܿһۣʥּʹ̤ڴͷôܸܵһͥɹٵĶƣɹ⻤塣
ɹٽؾ򣬾ĿȥУϺѹһ־Ϣӡؾֻܶڵ£붾޲ɱΨһ֮ǣԽ翹綾Ϯڵĵؾϣȫܹܵǿҵľ벻ʡ
ôȥ֮Ҳ޷֧̫ãΪأҪôҪôֻܳ롣
군ˣҪô
˵ͥԮ֪׻᲻־ǡ
쿴Ǳһ⣬ǹǴӴͥķǹ⣬һ׵ɫۡ
ؾھ̧ͷʱͻȻ߷ٸһ⣬ϿʱſǷԴͥɫۡ
۵ĳ֣һӣؾУֳһĨǿҵУһ˿ϣ
ĿУһҳɫ۳֮⣬Ȼܿϣһɹٻŵһʥּչ
ɻּؾ۰̩ľЯؾյ۹˳ͥѫ޴ش뷷⣬̩ľΪƷŵ顣ɳǺһ챦ɣܴ׹ؾһ壬ԭйְߣоλͣ񣬿ɻȡʱݡйѫɽΪʽմˣ
ɹʥּһһ䣬֮ǣǸؾϵ£ʥּ
һ̣Уؾˣ¶˷֮ɫ
ͶˣؾͥˣӴԺҲûյ۹ˡ
ⲻΰɣھĳ˴׵ĽôܾЩ綾ν
˵׶Ƶ岢Ǻų⣬гΪĻᣬǵؾڴУҲеλģǵļգУġһлΪĴ񡣡
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ϲģбʹ޵ġ
ǧ˰̬˲ʤꡣ׵ǵؾһյ۹ǳˡ
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ؾ۰̩ľϵѾȥȨȲڣһ̤۹գʥּ¡
һ̣ʣҲţؾ򣬲ͥʽΪͥһ֡

һ嫵İצͻȻſڼ䣬һͽյ۹鵱ɽȥȻ󣬷һ޾紵춾ƣ˲䴵ɢ

ϳڵؾϿգЩŶƣȻ綾֮ǿɵڡЩǶԣھ綾УǾһʳ͡
ɢΥ⿪ʼء
¡¡
һ룬ͿʹڽѪǣֱӿʼ嫵ĳǣԲ˼ٶȣؾƽƹȥ֮ȴ·õһֱһһ˿ͣٶûУգۼ䣬ʧ̶̼䣬ѾؾѪ֮ڡ
ֵͬʱ漴Ϳһ嫵ĴɳǣÿǧֱӾһɳ¡ңµͬʱܱߵĵܵĳɳ֮£۹ȥΪһεΰݶôеĵøӵͨ


2277 ʮ
ڴɳºԭȲӵħ֣·һ̣ǿбѹȥɳ£ѾΪ׵Ľ򣬽ɽͼˮѾȻȻӹסɳ򣬽ؾһڡ׹˸ǹƾͥˣ˳ĹˣŰħ֣ͬܵӭͷʹԭȵſ棬˱ѹȥ
鲼Ķ·ܵӰ죬ڵµĶޣ׷׸ܵһεѹӴдݶʩһεļ
ͷ·𣬱ɢҵĵһӵࡣ
ʵˣɳǾڵ۵Ȼܱ߲һεͳ
ÿһɳһ£ĸıͿһշ̤ڳǽϣӡܱ߷
ɻʱּ⣬ؾҴͥΪҴ׽һͬʡѪѾǣɳ䣬ܱշͨ棬Ҳؾ˸֪ؾɳǣȡʱסȨ¹ѫ뼮ףҴɷΥߣؾ
壬Կǰɳǣ켮Ա¼켮ɳΪܴװջԻȡԼķݣӵгʳǰؾͶӰָѡȡʽ̤֮·ȡӵнʸȨޡ
һͨķ
ڵµĵؾˣһ໥һۺ󣬷׷׿ʼŵȻǻôþʸ񣬿ȴܹȡʱľʸʱ䣬ȫԾסڴɳ֮ڡ˵£ٿԱ֤ȫ
ţ
ȥ
ҪԵҪ⡣
ܹͥǻȥ
ħֵϮؾûһаܻţԸ
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Ȼؾڵ壬˵ϡٵ¡Ͳ࣬ħ֮£ûеؾƵӣûа취ھ綾棬ǾųɾšܴģѾָԺԲơ
ؾͬ࣬ؾڲµĵؾᳬʮڡ֣Ѿ󳬳
ԣЩɳǣעҪӴе˿ڡ
ܿɳº󣬵һʱ䣬ڵĴѾ
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һװĴ˳ϻЯűһۿȥÿһ϶ɢһ˿˿Ũս⣬һսʣһͲͨˡ
ͽ˵еͽˡ
ܻҰеҹħ˵ֵħ󲿷ֶǶޣˣ֮ǰ˵ģܶȷһöٶЧֹ綾ϮɶޣϿȫǱռ鱨жңЩʦڿ߼չϵƬս׷Ѫȴʮʳ¥߼չЩɶǱɱһֻ͹ɱֻǾ׬ͷ
һһ˿ʵӿٶһȺŮԸ
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˷׷׿ڴӦ
ȻЯ뿪ɳǣٽܱ߻Ұ
죬ñȣ޿Ǻöң˵Щ޵ĹͷܹݾƣǱ޾ƣһһЩǾͷˡ
ͨеĹǿ߾˵ѾǰѰħߣħѹһѹסԺҪҶ޶òסʱץڲŸտʼ޻٣ɵȵһʱ䣬ҪҶһܹҵõˡ
һͬСͽԴԴϵĴӴ̤
ɫҴҵĽܱ߻Ұ
ȻЩǰҹħġ
඼ŶǿߣҲѡ񵥶ж
һʱ䣬ܶӵ»ص棬ǰɳǵĵؾͿͽ²ĳҰֱɱ¡һʱ䣬Ŀɿڴ
׵ˣôç𡣡
ޣǱã׼ǰȥԣҸоǰԵĶޣĪǼٵĲɣЩģǿߣһǺǿɢϢܸоһѹǴͥеͽôѵͥ𣬸񡣡
ܶؾ̲סԷૣĸо仯
ͬˣؾ򶼷·òͬˡ
ֱ仯Ǵͥģȫܹܵõ
ܹܵɱȥͽˣκһΪףĽףиǿģף׶ܿҪǷ֮ǰĵؾѾǾԵǿߡڴУȻ洦ɼ
׵Ԫǿߡ
Ľ׵ͼླǿߣǶ繷
ܵԴ׵ĵһػ
Դ׵Ķ
еĲʣ˲ͱɢһգڴͥУʵʸûС
Ĳ˵ֻܰȵĻȥ˵
ʵϣ˿̣ڵؾеȺܱ
ӡ½򣬹ڤԨ׹ƽȵȣйݽףһ̣Ȼ˳ˮۣѪǸǹȥԭȸˣ˲䱻һա
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չֳĵʵ̫ˡ
ܿ죬һԾ˵ٶУƿأΪ׽һ̣֡ʵ̫ˡӦĻᣬͷ߶ûзӦƺûԤϵͥ˾
ԣһʮֱӱƿСȵӦʱѪѾָ򣬴ɳѾڽУҵһʱɽɽͼˮĸֲá
Ҫֱǲܵ顣
ȻͿͽ˷·ǻȳһ㣬ɱҰһͨĹǿߣڸħУӵħߣӲԴݿ̬ǿѹȥ
ͽˣۿɼٶȣıԭȱħӵһ
ң˿ڣԴԴϵӿЩɳУһǴ׵ϾһǴӺǨƳȫ񣬸ɳڵĻʩٽֵ̣Ѹ赽λ޵УֻǶ̶һʱ䡣ǹ֮죬ȫ˾̾ܶԭȽʿоһֲš
ȫеԤ㡣
ֱ׽ȶĽȫƿغ緽֪ܱľ޴ʣһȻ
ž
ͷؾУһֻƺͱˤķѣޱѹ֡
ʮ򣬸ݴϢٴţһֱӶʮ򣬼ԭеģѾﵽʮһ֡ôʱţǾħֶ׺вô
Ц
Ȫӡ£ˣ⨺ʿ칷£ؾʥãֳޣѪ飬ӣɽŮף飬𣬲嫺ħʯɽڼ£ֵħ䣬ձȣޣͼڣ񣬷飬̩̹ʳ򵺣ţɳ׹ƣսӰˮ٣ڤԨ꣬ڰ
ЩǱƿصĽ
֮࣬Ѿﵽͨ˳Ϊ֮Ŀĵز


2278  
ʮһ֣ӵħ֣ͱѹȥͽ˳ҰһȺȺҹħɱˮɷǶεѹȻǽ򣬽еħŶҪͽˣýڵħӱĻᶼǿиѹȥһ档
ڣһ˿ҵļ󶼿ֻܿٷϴˣľ
龰ھͷУȻǲȻŭԲҪģҪţҲϣûа취ʰЩȫ½ڵľơڣȫԤϡ
ѹ򣬾Ȼûжá
ʲô˵ҹ׵һεӲٳһεš
ܹʵ
ǺǣȫԱУȼ֮еİգߣʿΪ٣Ǿս⣬ڲȴʱԵսͽ˵ʵһ㶼ǿƾˡһΣĴˡ
аλϣУ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ܴﵽ׾ʮĵز
Ϊ׵һεħ֮£Щ޷֧ȥòԴ׷ͶϹ飬Ǵ׾ûɣûнڶЩ֣޷šһΣʧˡ
аȻܹе顣
ǿȴ޷Ϊûŵĵ̣ȴ֣׽ƾܹʮýΪûг˿ڣڿ׵˿ڴԶԤ֡һУԤϣľ档
ǿ
ȴҪȥ
ħǸ׵ķâѹȥҪȻ˭֪׻жĵ̣ŶŵԽ࣬ͥͻԽֲ
ۿа죬̵
Ҫٵ⡣
Խ󣬽ҪԵ鷳Խ
״ﵽͥѾҪĽ׶Σûкʵɣǲռõİ취Ȼֹ׷顣ûйΪƾ׾ûгĽڡ֣ǲ֮١ԣڴܱߵĽУħߣֹͣϮȫݷҪٸƻЩдϢĻᡣʱȻûɷ飬鸽סֻҪܱ߽򶼲˳׽򣬿ȫΧڡ޷š
а¶һĨаЦ˵
Ǹ׳нһУϾŵĿԡ
ߣħȻǸߡ
̾˵
˾٣ȫЧֹƣȻȫã书Чȫܹﵽųϡ
ǳ֮⣬ʩն׼ƻЩڵγȫǲɱ֣дɱЩȻλͣվ޷˳֮ȣҪɱɹĿԼߣźµĽ򣬿ȫô׵Ľ򣬱ǰĿϣȻԳɹɷЩɳ֮ϣͻ׵֡γΪʵǾ飬Ǵֵ͡ʱ̡˳תģЩɳ֮
ͻȻ˵
ʱתһ˼·˲ǰ·ͨˡоԼѾҵµĿꡣɱеĹԱɱȰɱҪɵĶ࣬ңҲЧЧԴ׵Ӱ죬Ȼ޴󣬻ŪĻ̻̣ôǶһֵóԵġ
ţˡն׼ƻҪУҹǱ߶еͣһӣӦÿҪ׼ˡ
аЦ˵
֣ɹļʼȫŵȴĺϢˡ
϶ʶ¶˿˿΢Ц
Ȼʮֵġ⽨֣ɹʼٷְٵĻ϶
䣬öʱ򣬾ͱҪ֣չֳͷ߼ֵʱˡ
аЦЦĿͷߣ˵
ûмֵĻǾûдڵʸ

ףɹ֪еڡ
жϣȺ㼯һ²࣬漰ķ棬Ǵĸ
Ȫڣ־ſȪãϴ裬׳ԴſȪͬʱãɷϻͯɼǣԪΪȪֱڽŴλ΢飬ܱɳǣȪȪΪҴһ䡣
ͫ|һ롣
׼
ƽ˵
ӽУӺɳɽпɣһӺɳһƶﻯΪƶأ÷֣ΪҴṩֲܴģַܡΪҪԴ΢飬ӺɳΪֹ俪СȻҴӰ졣
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׼
ٴεͷϵ
ʮ򣬲ǽħѹħֵ飬оǿ̽еĸԴЩԴǴ׵ĸһЩϡȱԴҪޱȣҪһʱץУпɣܶ򣬶ز
£ܱ߽ٴη飬һУͬҴ׳ԮԸҴ֮ڡ
ëٴǰ˵Щֱǻ¶ֺޣѪɳѪ⣬飬꣬ħЫ֣ϼһʮ򡣸ʱ£ǷҪš
֮ǰѾʮҪʮĻоٶȣЩ̫ˣڴͥƿһμĿ飬ãҲȸȲǰвС
µĹ鷢ȴǶԴ׵һ顣
ʮλΪΡ
еȻһЦȺѯʵ
̫죬һ˳˵Ǻ£΢Ϊ͵ߵ⣬Ӧȳȥ˵ֻгȥˣǺûǻվڶǴеʱ䣬ܳҪǴˣԺ󣬾ζţҪѸʱȥȴȥıòʧԣ΢ãɹ飬ҴͳϽ֮£Ϊ
µȱ̬
ʲôȳԵ˵Ҫʲô⣬ЩҲ򵽴׵֡ʲôڴϣǺ⡣
΢飬ԼǣȻڴţǴһѹѹжɺ󣬲˳ŵĻǳУһʣԺţ˵ѡʱлᣬȻҪܶĻȡ򡣡
ͬ
Ⱥ׷ױʾͬ
Ľѵ
ǳԳˣҲҪǳԽ
ߵ⣬ܷߡ
ȻˣǾͼţּ¸£һƣѡ˲ţӦ˲ȱڵ׼ߵ⣬ܷŹ
еͷϵ
ħڵδõĳãʱȻǾҪϡҪȻˣǴ׵ʧ


2279 ̥ħ
ܿ죬ȺٴҪ׽ʮְţȡԱʣҪ׼ƵĵزԲųκ⡣ȻЩ¿Ͱȥô
ڵħҶȣκβ˴ףֻΪŵ͵ߵ⣬Ҫԣ׵ĳθõĺܡ
ʱ󣬳Ⱥ˾ְ
Ѿȷ£һֵţտʼ
ͽˣ˲ţѾʼеţϢһЩ󱸵ĳ˲ŷ׷¶Ц⣬Ⱥôʱ䣬ֵǵٴһ̨ˡ
ϰգҡô꣬ڵȵôһ죬ֵϳˣһѧڿʩչĿռˡÿʵҵԡִƵɳǣһᷱٲʢ
ѾΪҽҪĳǳƶȫļƻԸ棬ԴĲͬԽӦĵȡ̵ʱڣɳǲ죬Ҫ٣Ҫ¡ˣز
һԤ¶˷ڴ֮ɫ
Կƾѡγ󣬾һֱΪνԼɳǶŬڣǳ꽫ĵڶУʵ۾顣ܶ඼Уӵг͵¼ֻվģʵҲˣڴģĪΪһ
񣬻ˣһ˷
ͲͿʼж

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κ͡
ﾡãȻ˲ţȻҪרҵλϣ΢Ǻ󣬾ɹ䵱̣Ҳû
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˲Ƹ⣬ѾЩȲˡ
֮ư
ܿ죬ĽŲѾƹ⡣
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֮Ů֪ѡϢȴԥһ練˵ļ뵽ѡӱ֪òﵽεȵزѾӦӵеġ
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׵˿ڻףԽ࣬һŻ֮£˵ļʣվ
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ƹĲ忴ƫţУʮֵʡ
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Ц˵
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մȷʵѵõľζһ٣ڸûΪˡдʳĻζתЦŽڻУҡ
ûʱһܱߵŮ׷ߺͷҶ롣
һս˰ϣҪ޺ĵĻֻⳡսδػ׽һ˶֮˾ӵڴϣһƱ޾ջס
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ȻʿֻҪԸ⣬ȫԲں˯⣬˯񣬲ʲô顣ڴУȴа𴲣˯ϰߣڿޱչУҪȻһ㶼˯Ϣ
в顣
гڣ
˯ǻķʽһζĿޣֻ̫ƿǺ¡
ԣ׶˯ϰߡʿǿߣǲܶ˶ֻǱÿ켸ʱȻʱмգǸ飬ȫûһζޣʲô鶼ϰߡǿߣ֣ԴԴϡ
ԣʿ˯ҲǺġ
˿̣˯ʱ򣬲֪һʱȥͻȻ䣬ле޺׵ֻǣУȻȫˣڣڵ䣬ڵ˸оһ˿¡пκεУ·κζһı顣
඼·𿴲ĿãǱ˫עӵʶĺӵȻ󣬾Ϳ֣ͷһ˿΢΢һ˿жĴָһСΣ˿û뵽Уƾʧ
Щ󣬾Ϳ˫ȴʧˡ
УֳһãȻɫʱһ˿飬ż۾˯˹ȥ
·𣬸ո飬һѡ
ûз
ȻϢ䣬˭
Ȼ˯󣬸šתͷһޣдһĨŭ뺮⡣ͷԺпٱýҲûɿʼ˯ȥ

֮⣬һŸɽͱڣػҰֵĽУһؾڡ
ؾֻзԲѡ
ܿؾУһڵļ̳
̳ϸֳصķģճĵϡÿһöۿȥĪ⣬һ޲õĸоһǼΪĲꡣ
˿̣̳棬ȻһӰϸȥһŹĺ£Ȼ䣬ΪһɫװŮӣŮӣòһģȴǾվһȻԵҡһ˫ȴһƬһĮ
ʱֻв֪ʱһڵĶϷ¶ѣɼ͵˼飬ͨ޷֮նϡ
ҵ̥ħ£ˣʱˡ


2280 
̥ħһҹħħԹΰһɣ۳ħ֣ħ֣Ϊħ֣ܹϢļĿϣǱڣȡħ׳ּʮεģҲֻԼħħһ棬һҪѣǲܵ飬ңħʱʶ˯ʱħţͺҹֻύ棬طꡣ
Ҳ˵֢ͬһѳͬ˸
̥ħ۳ǧħ֣ڣϢ䣬Ⱦ־⻯ĻԽħ֣ٴħҲ൱ѣûʣǻԵǵõҲɹ
һɹؼ䣬͵ͬԱɱĴڣħַо־ħ֮УֻҪ仹飬ħĻħһˣʱпٴι
ڤһ㣬ѪݣڤӲͬĵ
֮ͬ
Ҫɱ졣
ħ߿˵ƺΪħŮ䱾޳ôħǰ磬ûѡԽͥ׵ɷѾƵߵĳ̶ȡң֣ϲܰҹ̫ۣ̫֮֮ۼķߣǼΪѡ
κһʱб¶Σա
˳ҪҪһˣʲôǱǳģħŮһ㣬ʮȻڴ׽ķΧ֮ڡ
ܼ򵥡
ֻڴԭȻûǰҵһ򣬴ѰҵһŮǣнħڣȻϢ䣬ѿѪԷ˿֪
ңĿ꣬ѡ
̴ַʮ졣
ϵģǴͥŹһѡĻЩѡеĿ꣬лᱻѡУɹ֮ڣʱ˳ĻȫܹӴ֮дûڹɫϲáһϣҪǲ£̫
Ȼַ϶ϸɸѡƶȡѡڼ䣬׵ɸѡ£дڸԭŮȥܹӱġ޲һǺŵġ
£ӱĽ˴ɹңΪеˣΪݵλ˲Ƕƽơ
ЩȫħŮС
ֻǣ֮ǰһֱûгֹûнħȡ޵־һֱݷȴѵʱ
һ
ӿԡ
Ϊ˱֤ܹ˳ףжЩħֵˣʩӱֹʲô⣬ʧ˵Ҫûڰбܶŵȵ׵ǰѾˣ׺ͳݷûٶκֶȥǵ켣
ڣջʱ̡
ݷô꣬ҪģǴȡһƷѣëѪʲôġ
ֻǣﵽֲΣëҪ䶼ѡ˿ӲҪ˵еķ˿Ѿϣ۳ɺ쳾˿޷նϡҪȡãȵ컹ѡ
Ψһģ˿ԡ
ħŮǽ˻ᣬնһ˿˿ֶͨΣݹ
ֵ֣ʿǲ
֮һҪУˡ
ħŮеķ˿һĨĮȻܿ϶ոյľٶǷѾУǾ󣬶޻ʲôĺЩ޹ءˣҲˣʧĲһħַѣʱܴҪǣĿѾﵽ
Ӱ졣
¼䣬ħŮУȻһֻƴСȴĵˡϵĵȻͬһ㣬һĲݣΪٿǧٲݡഫҪϰٴο٣ǧνѡճ죬κһռַ֯ս£伶Ĺ屦
ÿһǼֵǡ
ֻˣþʮŸٿǧٲݱ֯ɣǰһƷ
ȥ
˿ŵһָʱ˿ͻΪһ⣬Ȼûȥ뵽ڣ˲ںϡ覴á
ˢ
һ룬ͿĿĵˣһ¾ʹıеģﻹе˵ӣѾеС档
УƾЩ꣬΢ĩߵڣ۾ʮͳϽװգ°գҵɵġ롷ľ̫ͣˡ
ħŮŵˣЦ˵
һӣ˷ڼ̳ϡ
ڼ̳ϣѾø׼
룬԰ٿǧٲݽһˣڲµһ̳̳ϣʮյƣŲӡٻһΰÿմһ룬ǡ
ҵ̫ҪȰ
ҵΪ
ȻħŮҵôǶġ
վڼ̳ϣɫѾ峿ʱ֣ն
ħŮɫȻһɫĶеĵҡҡȥ
һݣȫĳ⡣
ڰһ˲䣬ֻУ֪ʱһɫϸ룬룬ûκë룬롣ҪΪֻǱ濴ô򵥣Ǿȫˡ룬õĲͨϣ󣬲Թںʯؼ۳˽ٽеħָϣǧ֣룬ٷ޾ԨԨ֮磬ܻϴ
ղŴ󹦸ɣԲ
һ룬һʮɾۿɢĪ⣬ԷɱǿֲҹУ֤ħУͻҷ
ײе˷ָ
ϣ˭֪ôײС
˿̣һϢľʹ̽еĵڡûУʧңȥʱһ㶼û쳣ܵʮյƣûа쳣˿ûҪϨļ

ͥɹڣϴϣ԰Ʒ͵УͻȻ䣬ӿֳһĨԤУģоһʮֲõĸдһѪĸо
ƷʳУ̧ۿգһƬ䡣
˸ֱ治Уʲô
ѾʼôħڻˣʿǵȺʱˡѾˣھͿʩչħһߣҵһɡܽɹ֮ڣȷʵе˼
аһͷ
ϣѾˣضϷ˿ʱѾ֪ˡ


2281 
һʼлᣬֹΪԸ⣬˭ûа취׽ĶϷݳȥ֮ûֹҪħŮܹ֮ܵҹǿߣôУΣһ̫޴ͬͷʼһСָовϲ
ԣΣ뽫ħŮҳ
һΣ޳ˣò¶ţܾʹ˷ŹҪȻһûеóѣһΣ֪ҪȵʲôʱҹƣѾһּΪŵľأڵķչ޲ţʱᱬһȫս
ͷУҪ顣
ùؼʱ̣ԼŪ鷳
ǸϷγĶ
ɺ쳾۴ĺ쳾˿
ħŮھͿ˭һˡ
һһĨɫ
ʵϣѾħŮĿ£ѪԤУǲ׳ֵģһ֣ǿ϶ܹвѾڷ
ħŮֶΣ޷㣬Ҫ֣ңҪ˿Ϊý飬϶һֶΣܹõϣȻǶͷ߼ֶΡ
䣿Ҳ£Ϳ䣬ܲ׵Ĺڵϡ
аЦ
ڣѾٳϣϸ۳Դǿ۳ͨǬǬûʩչȴһͨǾǣʱǬת䣬ңܽ䣬תȥʩչ֮ˡ
Уõ䷨ӳ֣ʱǷɣԭеΰϣ˲䱶
˵ʩչ䣬˺ᷴɻȥǿ䡣һ䷴壬ЧܷҪҶʩģ˲ͻܵ
ȻǬǾԲܵģһ޷ΧڵĹɻвΣǾͿԵʵ
ûľٶ
ӱϣкʱһ޶Ϣ
ħŮҲڼʩչ룬ÿΣмݣÿ콫һöڡܵƣûκϨļ󡣶ڵˣҲû˺·һУôг
ֻÿ죬жܹо꣬ԽԽŨ
䣬϶䣬ֻǲ֪䵽״Ӻζ
һ죡
죡
ʱȻš
׵ı仯ȴĿãվʮʮ˳ľͽ뵽׵ĻС֮ǰʮһʮ
ô׳ϣһƬæµָ飬ӿࡣ͢ڷתÿʱỵ̈˷ݳȥڣڣѶϢĴݣٱݡҪͨ˳ԽԽƿء
ڴȺŬ£򣬷׷ԾٶȻָħֲϱѹһħ߱ӡ
ֻڻҰУҹаħľٶȴݱǸոտʼѣЩħ֣ʮأ˵ǷģǴԣҲҪоһ֡ûдﵽþӵĵزͽˣ˵һߡ
ĿЩ׵ĸı󣬲֪ٽеĶеһĬεѹҪѹĴչֳĵ̣ĳ̫ˡ
һ˵ĹעǾǣڴźµڽУӵħ֣׵ĿʼʧħڣԴԴӿֳħһӾ͸ݽһħӿһӾͻָƽԭȳаħһҹ֮䣬ʧ
١
ҡҡ׹ĸһӾͺ컻һǿҵķֱ޷ţܶΪֻζѡ
ƫƫǾͲΡ
ʧˣǺҹаħôʧˡ
ֱǿЦȻȷʵʵ
һӣı䡣һǾܱߵĽȫˣһӾͷı䣬ħȻڼЩȴԴħϮ
ֱ仯һʱͱ֪ܱɳǡ
һʱ䣬ж֮һȻ䡣
ҹȻûô򵥣ҹǲ׼ˣħħ֣ȫҪҴ׶ܱ߽ûгֵĽɣܱ߽ҲȫûбҪǴ򽵳ֶΣǹȫǸ׳н
ڼǸп˵
Ҫǻĺ˭ǾͰϹһ˫ˡ
Ȼ£֪ħڵδʹ̫ʱ䣬һҹӦ϶ֶνƺ⣬ֻǣٶҲ̫ˣȫ׸Ļᡣңһ֣ÿƸ
ܱ߽ս£԰еûǾԲ׷ԼеȨΪͷΪβǶ൱пܣ˭ύеĵλȨܱ߽ҪǶˣǾͽһֱΧ״̬󣬶Ҵףɾˡ
Ҳһص˵
һףҪ׸Ȧ档
ҹŸߴףھʹȦ棬Ҫˣҹٵڵ㻹ǻؼԼȥɡǸ׳˺ôһ⡣
ЩȻͷʹҲ֮飬żʮô׽ﵽʮҪһв죬ױɴ׵ĻҪһʱ
ֻǣŵĲҪͣˡ
ʱٴš
죡
죡

֪УѾʮ졣
һ죬ʩչһ죬Ҳһ졣
һ죬Ͽʼ͸оһľƤڲͣ
ʮˣ֮ѾҪôҵҪҵӲ
һּ䣬ܱȫ򷢳ȥԽչõڡ
ûֻǶת۾ڴ󷽹ҫطĸÿʱỵ̈ڷӡ֮ѹһϸ֣ܱǧ٣ͼУȻܿһʵʣϡ
򣬸
۾һڣǿ֮ĪͼͼһĪЩн۾ӵ¾ŮıڿٳϣӦǧȻӵнǧһɣ֤֮ա

̳ϡ
ħŮеĵ˽һμݡ
һҲڼУϢû뵾ڡ
룬ǡУ𣡣
ħŮͻȻһӡ
˲Ϳڵڣʮɫĺ측֣Ȼƾʧϣڹķڲ˸

ھУھ޵УȻ


2282 
ʹһȫ޷ܵʹ̫ʹˣһ˲䣬ڵͬʱʹͺһһ룬ƾճڣ̽УԪ񣬶һǷϣ·һҪԪһ㡣
Ԫһ̣·Ҫʮ£ڣ߽⡣
У̫죬̫ͻȻ׼޷ֱӴдݳĹ룬ͷ·Ϊһ壬һ㣬Ǻûа취
ⲿĵ˺׶ԸڲĵˣһŻҪ˵
ִ֮еĹ޷赲
Щ룬Լꡣ
ǶɵԪ˲Ҫɢԭȵǵơһ飬ζţԪ飬ֶΣνǶǾ͵ͬ䡣Ƕܶ
ȷʵ֮ܡ
һǿסڵľʹһ룬Ϳڣһڣһɫķշ˲ͳԪУԪϣңһ룬Ϳʮ룬ĳ˽ȥʧҲͬʱʧԭȵľʹ꣬һ̣ΪС
ҲܸܵԪڸոܵ˲Сˣֵ̫ͻҲ̫̫ݡֶΣҲ޷˵ĳ֡
Ǭη
һһƬ䡣
Ǭǽͨ뷨֮ͨÿʹãҪٴۣҪɣҲ˵ǰʹһεͨҲǶͨ
˿̣ڼ̳϶ŵ˵ħŮͬء
һԵУһλǿߣҹУ϶ΪǰéĴڣУΨ֮ͥһԪУ漣ĴڡǶԼžԵģɲ˿Ĵ⡣
֮ͷʹģԶһų޷ĵơ
Ǿ޷ĵġ
»⡣
һβģһɹ;ԲǱ˻ҹҪȻов鷢

ʱħŮüͷͻȻһĨһ룬̲סӿзһʹİоԼ꣬Ԫ񣬶һ̣ܵԹشԼԪڱڣԪзÿһ붼ǧٴΡ
룬ΪʲôڣΪʲôҷ𹥻
ħŮɫһ¾ͱüΪѿش˲ɫʮѿǲ԰ֽ벻ԼʩչȻתƵԼϣңԼԭʩչģҪǿ룬·ܿƣԼĿƻ
ĸоʮǿңоϢ
Ȼ֪еʲôԼɻģʣδɱȻʧܣʧܣܷɣеû£Ѿ޴֪
ڣıħȻɶɱħ⧲£شһ̣Ÿǹɹʱһ䣬ѾǿпסѸٴ˳Ϊʮ⣬Χת
Ȼ֪νҵ뷴ɣĵƣ㻹мţһβɣǾڶΣѳɣ봩ģ
ħŮһĨ⣬һ룬ʮͬʱ֣⣬·ǳҫ⡣
һ䣬ЩҪŵٴη𹥻
Ȼ򣬾ʱϣ׵ðһ⡣һд
ҪɱңǾҪû¡ҵˡ
ˢ
ţڼ̳Ͽգһĸ֡
·ʲôƽ
ڣս뷴ɻȥɲǣѾ˳ǬϵħŮ˲λáңڵĺ쳾˿Ϊꡣ׶סƬؾ
·ܿԽʱյĽޣֱӿħŮ
ôãΪ߳Բǵֵһꡣ
Ҫģǡ
ûֵֻܹϰߡ
ڴУйâһʱͿһڵĵУ䣬һ͸ڵϣڵĵ˸ź⡣һȻ˦˳ȥ
ǵΣ˳ĳֱû뵽Уǰգһ·Ĳһ㣬·дƿصĽޣ˲Ϣ䣬߶ȻȻ졣ڵһʱ䣬ħŮͬ꣬һڤڤеϵȻȻĳСؾС
ħŮĿã£һ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣ˹
Ҫҵꡣ
롣
ħŮɫ䣬е˽⼫Ȼ֪ӵһ֮£ͬٷ޿ɿ⣬Ҫڣǻд鷳
붼룬ʮĹ켣һһ˲ͻΪһڽɫħУһն·Ҫնϣж˿ߡ
⽣â֮ʢն鱦Ҫá
Ȼһ޶˼һ룬ƿյٶȻ䱩ǣһ¾ͼٱħŮڣĻᶼûС
á
ħŮ͸оڳһ˿䣬дݳǿҵĴʹһֻѾУԪ֮ڣոձ˺ѵԪٴش
ܿѾնϣһնӦϣһ룬ѵ˿ߣٴιһ𣬷·ոնѣֻ
֮ߡ
ħŮɫ䡣
ʩչң֮䣬նߡʹ
еȻ˵
£дݳһǿεĽԪ꣬Ӳ걻˺ѵĸо糱ˮϯġ
־ʹʮǿҡħŮҲͷһĲҽʲôͨʲôͨͨһɢ
ܣҲţħŮܡ
ħŮȫ޷ʵ
Ȼֱӵ˳걻ߡҪǱ
ߣս
б³һ
ħŮ꣬˲ʧؾУ漴ƳڡӦĻᶼһʱѹںڣħŮĴڣֻܽѹȷް
еһУʵʱ䣬գ֮ѡ
ӿʼ쵽˾̾
ǿ֮Ľ棬Ѿﵽһ棬˲Ϣֳܷʤոսеգ˲Ϣͻһ˲䡣
ħŮѹҲһͷһУױ
ðԵ룬ˣҪϣҪǧ򱶣Ǭڣλһߡв޺¡


2283 ٻ
𿴾ô򵥵ĽħŮˣʵпһ㶼ûСҪǴһ䲻⣬һΣδܹȫңҲԳΪ۴ɵġԪϵƣҪָϵģҪѡֻʥҺڣ޸ˣǿġ
еգ˵塣
ֻǣħŮôǷ֡
Ժпһͷ
Σһǲˡ
ֶˣҴ׿ɾԲˡ
һգһƬ䣬ץһʱ䣬ܵķչҪ顣
ڣʱˡ
¼䣬Ȼֻǰһöö顣ϣȻܿ˸һǳٲȻԸ顣ңһףԸ顣һǵǣȫѼȫ
ͨ;ĻǽУƶռ£һռסܸ̺ܵǿԨ
ƻÿʼˡ

漴һ֣
ȥվд󳯻ᡣ
һɹ´


ڶ죬峿
ɹһ֮£׳׷̤ݣ˳ݣڡ
УȺҶ
μ£ʥ޽
гֺȺ֮
λƽ
׵ͷ
һǹǰһѯʵ£Ϊڴ˿ٿ󳯻ᣬҪҪԸ
Ⱥע׷׿Ϸ
ܲѰûҪ飬󳯻᲻ٿġ

׵ͷҴѾ۾ʮӵ˿׼ƣ񣬴ܱߣҹ֮£ƽϢħ֣ܱ߽򣬷ΪҴ׵һţȻûкʵʱƣԽԽϾʮֻǳռ죬ھ׳󡣲ôǿҪʱ䡣
Ⱥ϶ͬ
Ҫʱ䣬˳֮ǼģķչӲһھܳԳһӵġ밴Ͱ࣬һı䣬ɳʵƾӵġ
Ҫʱ䣬ֻʱĳܽĹӡ
´˿Īн֮
ѯʵ
ȺеĿҲǽȻͬһĪڴ
ȷʵа취Ȼȱʱ䣬Ǿֲȥûʱ䣬Ǿʹʱ䡣δ󳯻ᣬ֪ͨλ䣬Ҵ׽ӭһξ޴ʱʢ硣ʱ֮׽򣬴罫־޴ʱһ꣬ǽȹ꣬ǧꡣԣҴ׽߾Ѫǽȫһг롣ͬʱҴ׾ڵκϢ򡣡
׵ͷ˵
δ󳯻ᣬΪ˽ͨȺȺ׼
ã̫ˣֻҪгʱ䣬Ҵͥξҹ
ڣȺ˷ܵ˵
Ŀȣ׶̶һٶ꣬ߵ˾أҪٸ㹻ʱ䣬ǽᷢε췭ظı仯ܹԤ֪ģڸո˵ʱܷʵ֣˭ûлɡ
˵ǾԲڻǿЦ
Ȼִ£ȻҪȫ֮У׽չ״̬
ȻȫʧȥϵĴڣԱ֤׶ı仯ʱ̹ۿĿھƵƿأǾ۵סһ⣬ʱԶ档
ܺãܲ𣬾ͿǷץסλᣬħӣҴ׾ڣҹҲ޷˼õʱλ乲㡣
еͷ漴Ⱥչ顣
̣һʼʱٳ׽ǲٴνӴġ
ս̣֮ҹ㣬˭޷˼ס
һᣬһ磬Ž
ڽȺ϶¶˷֮ɫ
Ե컯Ǵ׵컯ҲЩȺ컯
ڳͬʱ
ױ߾еѪǣͬʱųһ⣬һ̣Ľͥ磬ֱӸ·һӣױչ
ô£Ϊʲô׾ڵĻ档
ϢݲȥˣʲôˣƺѪǵ⵽ôˣΪʲôͻȻѪǡ
Ź֣һйŹ֡϶ʲôǲ֪Ĵ·ͥΪʲôô̫ˣѵΪħֵԭ򡣡
ڴױ߾̽ĿһʱͲԾ
ԭȻַܽ̽鵽׾ڵһЩѶϢڣʲôף·һε֣һԨĸоֶΣȫ޷͸
һ㣬ʵ̫ˡ
ܵĿ⣬ɵͶעǣЩܣ޷Ϥڵı仯ʲô
ʵϣҲΡ
Ǵ˳ĳ̶ֳϣѾܸķΧ֮ڡ
ʲô۶ӡ
ֹܰ
Ҫ̽飬ȴΪֱӴѶУʯ󺣣޻Ӧ
ϧ׵飬ǲǵ־ıġ

ףʺϡ
ȻܿĸǴȺһͬվϣź嫵Ĵ׽һ̣˶ڰڴ
Ը飬ٻԸԶԸµԸֻҪΧ֮ڣõʵ֡걾¹һԸȷʵЧڶΣΪҴڷɣϳ򡣡
лӴ׸Ц˵
ּ䣬öγǰ˸һѤĽ⣬ʮֵҫۣȫЩ֮Է·𱻼ûԾ뵥ʱȫͬ
ǰһָһϺȣԸ飬ٻ
ˢˢˢ
ö˲һγһصķ󷨣漴һ貵Ľ⣬ؼ޾Ը֮޴ǣͬʱһŨĴϢٽ١
Ը
Ƿڽ١
գۼ䣬Ը֮ȻΪһ޴ޱȵĽһצ֮䣬ʮ޴գգҫķ׾ڣаգ̧۾Ŀá
ܵ޾ѹ·֮ﶼΪġ
ʲôľצеĻߡôô󡣡
ԣҺǵãҼһΣǰצֻǣˡͻȻ֣ͻȻʧˡû뵽һγˡ
УܶһʼڵİգһֻȻĸоңԶļ俪ʼԺиա
Ը¾޴ͷ­վڲʺϵеˣ˵𾴵Ĵ˳֮ٻô
Ȼȴϣ쳹Ƭ򣬵Уƺһ˿𾴡е⣬ûָ߸ϣе̫ˡԸҲ޷ӡ


2284 ʱ
пڵͷ˵
Ըǰ뵱ĸдȫͬʱһɲѹѹڣѹѾԺԲƣ֮ܶΪ磬ݵλıı仯
ĿɨȺ׵ͷ˵˵ǵԸֻҪڱΧ֮ڣκԸʵ֡ӵоƸӵǧŮԻȡ챦ڣ˵ǵԸ
ЩԽԽǿںʹ񣬷Ȼÿʱÿ̶ɱԸҲڲǿȵ꣬ҲǿֹԸǱ硣
ʵֵԸȻҲڲϼǿ
ŮȺǽĿϡ
ԸȻҪ
ҪԸҴͥڣʱٲ䣬׾ʱټӿ졣
п˵
ͥʮҪ⣬תʱ٣ѡת
ԸһĨ⣬к˵
кαѡ񡣡
ѯʵ
ѡһʮһȰ٣һǧ
Ը˵һ꣬ͥʮ꣬꣬ǧꡣ
ȣ㡣
Ҵ׼ӿʱ٣ʱ⡣
΢΢üѯʵֻ֪ѡ
תʱ⣬Ϊؽɣ⣬ľ޴󣬴˴Ըɵʱǧꡣ
Ըڵ˵
Ѿļޡ
ǧꣿ
аԵͷȺ΢ЦȻ֣൱ġʲôڿôͥǧʱⷢչǿ̡׳
һٶ꣬׾ߵһǧ꣬Ⱥȫţһô׽˸һ˵ͥ٣ҲҪ޽ӽײȱԴȱʱ䡣
Ϊһǧһ꣬׾һǧꡣ
΢ϡ
ܺãȻˣ㡭
ԸҪʼʵԸ
ּ̧䣬ֹȵȣлԸ飬׼Ӷʱ⡣
¼䣬Ըͬʱǰ
飬׼תʱﵽꡣ
ԸȻûԤϵоȻӵôԸ顣Ȼסһ㣬ֱǷ˼ʵĻش
Ǿ׼̿ʼ
нԸȻ
꣬ˣʱ⣬ȫôյĻۣѾ㹻ʸӴĽ򣬺嫵˿ڣԴ˲ţѾȫȱڽΨһʱֲϣȻһжĿ쳵ٷչ׳
Ը
ԸԸ飬ɢԽӵŨ˲䱩ǣȻڵԸ֮Ѿֹﵽһʮ־˵ľء
ʲô¾ȻԸ
̫ˣǴʲôȱȱʱ䣬ڣҹƽħԽԽңѾˮȵľأľս֮գԲԶʱпܱÿ춼һɽĸдֻǳɳʱ̫̣ﲻϴæһľս˵ҪϺˣںˣʴȣһתʱ䣬ǴװգͿӵиӳĳɳʱ䣬ٶѡ
Ǵ˶ʿֻҪŬԴȱδػҹѷɫ壬ؽʱ⣬Ǵ׾Ҫ漣
һ£ԸĶԻȻȻĳ˷ɢȥ׾ڣ鶼Ŀ
գпϲ
ôô顣
ÿµĴͥÿԴ۸ʱ٣Ϊ׼һڷɵĳһȥͥᷢô˼ı仯붼롣
׾ڣʿĿɿڴе𾪣Ѿﵽ㣬һֱ֣˷ָȫ˭õ׻ôһŵơ
һҿǾǵߵǬ
Դ׵˭õһȥ׻ʲôӣ٣ʵϣﵽ˷ָĲΡ
ɻʣһԴ֮󣬴ײƣս޿赲ˣҹҲ벻׻ôһ֡尵Ը̾
ϧڴ׾ڣ֪ȴ޷κϢݳȥ
ңԴһֻԵ˵γҲһֻԵʱ⣬˵ѵô
ʱһ˫˫Ŀ⿴Ը
ȻڴţǲĿʵԸ
ܺãԸѾʵ֡
Ըͷ˵ţ廯Ϊһ⣬ʧͬʱһص˲ϯͥڣ·һӽ׺ʱķָضһϵ
ͬʱһ嫵ĳƾڴϿո֣ӣܿǨ𣬸ֻ棬޷ΰ
Ȼʱ䳤ӡ
ⲻʱ䳤ӣֻǣؼһͶӰѣɾʿܵĸоһѹѹһСһ룬ؼʱ·ʼҡַ·ʲôûз
һ˲䣬䲻
֮Уκ쳣
ˣԸѾλ䣬㡾ְأʱ⣬ȡ
׵ͷ漴Ⱥ˵
ǣ¡
ȺӦ
ԸѾʵ֣ߵһ㶼оģʵ򣬱ûʱתͥʱȡвģǴױ߾ǲܸоȷʱٲͬ
ʵڴУôô
һ컹ǶʮĸСʱʮʱһ껹ʮ졣ÿһ죬ʵģÿһ죬Ƕʵڵģκ飬Ƕġ
Ǿ컯
ȺȥʺϣŮɢ
ʱУɻǸô죿޷ٲˣ֪ͲӦͬǰȥμ콾֮սһ𣬿ɾʱ⡣
һ˿Ȼ
Сڲμ콾սܷأתʱ䣬ٴμ棬Ҫȵַ֮֮࣬һĸ˵ʹ飬Դ
ӴˣվҪ뿪ߣգɰ裬ΪĸģһӱǣȥҪȥܼ꣬ʺ磬콾֮սǻлԵ컯δػʱѷɫǶԣ꣬ҲҪչǿΪ֮УȡﵽԪ
һ˵
˵ĻԵǿ󲻵ãվҪ
ֱֻǱҪĹ̡
꣬Դ׾һҪɱ䡣
֮Ǵףؽء
ĸЩûʲôдʱ䣬գ֮ѡ
ҽҹһݴ񡣡
ζĿյ


ڶʮľ һ


2285 ʮVS
ʱˮˮ޺ۡգۼ䣬һȥһ꣬һ꣬ҲһꡣһУڴͥĹע˿٣ڹעҹĶĿҲڹעڴı仯ʮ⣬Ҫ̽ı仯
ɲʩչκֶΣһУǾʯ󺣣һϢ뷴ûС֮һӣ׾͸磬ʧȥϵһУڴ׵Ϣͬûһǰй¶⣬ûа취̽ģڣʹãʼ
ңһУ·𻹷ĳɱ䣬øӵ졣
㣬ֱȵȣڣǱֿȣݱ
ܶУнףȫ˴˵ľ룬˲
ҪǣڿԽƷĴݡͨԽҪ׵ƷͨٴݹȥȻִҪõģԽԶķѵĿݷѣԽߣʱҪߣһпݣҪķã±ƷѻҪࡣ۸Ҫߡ
ɺʣһҪԣ˲һءѾﵽɷָĵزĴڣܶƶĽУӦħ¶飬õʣԻЩѼ챦ڣȴԷ񣬽󹺣ȡӦԴ
˵ȫı̬
ħ£ҲûгԼ٣ΪƣУôһԸοеĴѹòٹµ
һУ䣬嶼ž޴Ŀ顣
ħߵĳ֣ʹս಻ϣĻʩ뵽һͣ͵״̬УҲֻάչϣ뵽ͣǵ˵Ľ׶Ρ˳ƣڱ
ϣƽȡ
콾֮սڼңҹ㣬콾ƴ׷Ѱɽеĸ컯Ѿ콾ƾԵ컯˲콾ӱһԾϡ
ħսϣսѾ뵽Ƶ״̬
ڣɱսľƣһֿ֧ŵ״̬֮¡
ײŪʲô飬ȻˣǾʱҪܴףص򡣾ܵĶЩƻɱ˲ĿģƻĿġƻĻȻȻͻ뵽˥С
ڴ׵ĹעҪ˭֪ʲô۶ӡţȲܴףòεĿ겻Ǵס
ͷУԻ
ڴףͷѾʱĵĴ㡣
ĵĻҪĴʵ̫ˡ
ʱףȦţҪġڿȻǵıѾɹˣûа취ټţңУʼرչ
ڣ磬Ϊǹ֮ǰȥļʮ򣬽뵽ףӰ죬Żľٶ
һ²⣬õܶͬ
ԣû̫⡣
ʶĽעӴƿ
˭֪ڷһ췭ظɱ䡣
ʱ䣬ڲʧ
һ꣡
꣡
꣡
תۼ䣬غĵꡣ
һ꣬УȻܿһڵĽƮ
·õģĵȴʼؼƯȻа
аħпº֮ɱ䣬аֱ˳һͨ뵽Уʼεһʼͷ·ĿĴܡһʱϱߣһʱߡ
аڸ֮У磬Ҳνˮûյ־ԡ
ˣˣҹںβͣӦöѾ˦ˡȥˡ
ааڣһĨа⣬ЦЦĿһա
ĿĵĴεʵΪҪҹɲãҹֻǲԼǰѰҹߵ䣬Լ⣬ģں棬϶ҹǰŵֶΡǲĸϣϣǲʵġҪôǲǿЦ
Ҫû£ǲɵӡ
꣬Ϊ˴Щ׵ǡ
ûпμΪúβͣۿԼȷʵѰߵټֱڣŷ˾裬βͣʧˣӦöȥѰߵټ
ֻǣʵ̫ˣַȫǴڹ䵱Уʱпܷı䡣ɵӰ죬һĴҪѰ졣ҹڱϣδر̫ϣ
ˣǾ͸ҳˡ죬Ŀ귽λȫǰ
а´
ˢ
аգͬʱ˳귽λıǡУԷ˵ٶȴţȥķ˹ۿĻͻ֣ᷢǱֱҹ߷ӡλöȥ
ȷǰ£аٶȣȴɲǶʱִܵġ
һ꣬Ҫһʱִܵ
аһգھͿһΣܷյɱˣȡʱ⣬ֽŷʲôĻ𻨡ʱ򣬱ȻҹһľϲսҪʼˣҹݣߣڻع顣ΨһתƵĻᡣͿܲץסˡ
Ϊҹߺ󣬻ȡ£Ϊһٶҹ֮ʵ࣬תһʤϵĽ׶ΡΪ㴴ʤĿԡ
ֻҪʱϣȫ忪
̫ѵˣʱ̫ãУҲòѡֱתʱ

գۼ䣬Ѿչʮꡣ
˵ֻʮꡣ
仯Ǻܴ
ɴ˿̣ڴ׾ڣȴȥһꡣ
֮УѪڡһͳεĽУȻ޴ı䡣
ȻܿһɳϣѾµĺۼһʱĲɣڳڣȻܿһַľϸȥͻ֣ᷢɳ֮ڣٲȻģҪĶ࣬·𣬷Χʮֹɵ˿ڣԶµڵĸʩ޴ĸı䡣
磬ɳڣƵĸ칤ƳĲΪ̫̫»ǣ̫̫֮Уһߴһߣꡣرÿһаʮһ㡣ԽǶˣЧԽáУ̫أ̫ء
ɾзЧɾй֮
ǼΪһرŴʿǻ۽ᾧ
ͳΪ׵ϱأÿһɳڣȻͬĸȻΪɳǵһ
УӿֳĶָδйʳĲϣؼѾеĲϣ䷽ϳɳϡ
磬ɳǵĳǽϣѾı䡣שש棬컯ש


2286 
ƷױשߣԭȲֹһң컯שУǿļе컯ܹ֮ȡĵرϱǿںϸϣóĳЩڷĵںϣ̣ӵϣԪı߸áóǳڣγһֵֽĹЧĴСɳڲʵʴСǲͬģĿռ䣬翴ģҪʮֹǴɳڲʮֹԭ
ռԽȻɵ˿ھԽ࣬ṩ˾Խ
ǽϣһսЩսмħǽҪλãһս˲ܱ޴ƻⲻ챦ǴЩЩ챦ħеıԴǽƷԷļգƴս
ڳɳϣЩ챦ǣֱӴϵֻҪ㹻Ĳϣɴ죬ֻҪӦƷ׵սܾƥս
ڴɳǳǽϵЩսÿһмΪµսһսϵĴɱ
һĴڸװڳǽϡҪʱͻӳǽ¶ʱֱӲڳǽ֮ڣϿܿʲôǷĴڣսҲˡ
ǽ֮ڣǬ
ⶼ컯ש󿪷

ףɳǣ
ܿ˿̵ɳǣǰ֪ǿ˶١ɢӵ䣬޵Ԩ㣬ףһ꣬ɳǣں޿ɼԸ顣ЩԸ飬ѻһҪӴ󣬱춼ҪߡôͶ뵽ɳڡ
ɳڣ廷Ѿϡ
һʶ棬źĴװա
У嫵Ĺڸ񷣬һ޴İצ̾Уֳֻ֣һƬצܸܵ޾ѹȣϯСѾǧɡ

һ죬峿
ɹһ֮£׳׷̤ݣ˳ݣڡ
УȺҶ
μ£ʥ޽
гֺȺ֮
λƽ
׵ͷ
һǹǰһѯʵ£ʱѾӽ¾ϡ
һ꣬ݷһʱ⣬һ꣬ʿ˵һζݵʱ⡣һ꣬ڷɣ޻ΪɳĮ
˳˵һ컯컯֮޷ĴףѾǿ
Ⱥע׷׿Ϸ

׵ͷǴݷ꣬񣬼ҿʱ磬ȻҪжλ䣬ȽҴ׵ı仯˵һ˵ƶļƻ
Ⱥ϶ͬ
ͥУı仯Ȼ٣˵췭ظһ֮ǰ׵ʿٽĻͻ֣ᷢǰȣ֮
ʱ䣬ؼ컯
£ݵ飬񣬴׾ڰգѾ֮һΪ磬ﵽ龳֮һﵽ񾳡֮һϾ֮ϣԪ֮¡Уδӣδڡ⻹ֻͨİաͽеĸ֣ﵽ̨ģȻ١Ҵͥνɡ
ǰһȿ˵
ʿһ񾳣Ǿ͵ͬˣ̤龳Ǿһ֮ɾͿԳ֮һﵽ龳ʲôζţһλǱĽУһڴУȴͨͨһա˵ȥܰ˻
¡
ʱһ˳ܿһţףУӱĴţΪʯλ켮ԭȵļ壬Ѿλ͡ٹµʯ֮λ
켮ͳƣʮڣÿѾﵽһ˿ڣƽǧסȥϲȥߣУҴ˿ٶȣӿ֮һ
УĿȣֻʮе˿֡
ʵ򣬴ͥЩ꣬ɴûпƹ˿⣬Ķ࣬ûгͷнͣŮڳǰһʲһֱʮꡣ
ʮѾ꣬ӵ
ûӵĸ֮еİգӣȫ˼ǰִʱ˵ѹ޴󣬳ӷӲ񣬶ѹôò׽飬ȴӶ»¸˺Ӻõδ档ִУĳʣ½
Уȴ
ȥԪľİգУԲֹֻаǧ˿ڡ
ʵϣܶգĳʱΣʧ뿪ʮһ㣬ǵ˽Ȼܼ棬ȴͨеϵԣֱ仯ڴУ˿ûʲôõĶҡϣǷƽ˾УЩǨƳȥģ϶Ϊ׿
ڣУÿǶ㡣һ㲻š
Ӵ˿ڻΪṩˣǺġ
£
ǰһ˳˵нʿѾﵽһףԤ۵Ľʿÿ궼άڰ֮ϣӵսһǧÿŵĽʿŵһǧսսʿƽսﵽ龳սﵽ̨ųﵽ֤ս֮Ľʿձսﵽ񾳣Ԥ۲С
⻰һڣһȻÿһλϣܵһ¡
ʵȥ֪ᱻŷ
£ֱ̫ˡ
һǧţųȫ֤սֻս˵ȫΪͻ֤УܶཫʿߵĶ֮ԴˣУѪɷɳٶȣԶˡ
תǿߣ˵ǲ
֮УѾз֤սɳܾų֮λԹ
ʱ⣬˼ӳ£Դѻ£벻ǿѡ
ãþнʿ׼Ҫ˶ãǴչȭŵʱ򡣡
׵ͷнʿȷʵǿϲɺص顣
Ǵ׵ĸ
Уǧ֤ս֮ǰǴܼǿߣֻһ㣬ܸܵУ˶ٶԳ
£Ǵڵ೯Ҳ֤ǿߡͥҵҡ
ЦǺǵĶ˵
ˣ׳ϣˡ
Ⱥܹӱ˭׿˼ӳ֣ʱ£ΪֱͻͽȱԴ£ͻƣˮɡ
꣬һз췭ظı仯
һٽƹܵл㱨Ӹϣܸܵ׵ľ޴仯ʵ̣ǳʼα


2287 ߵVS͵
ʱǰһ˵칤Щ꣬ɸһ֮£ңڷ֮УѾﵽ¯ĵزңڻ֮ϣƳ³£һľ䡶޾¼Ÿַĵ֮󷨣ĿȵȡУҪľǷĽƷһʮƣʮɷơÿһƣܸӦͨ޾ͥʿǻ۾ɣģϣղų飬һʱؼ䣬񺿣࣬ϣƺ춼֣Ҫ֮ݻ١
ڣڴУҲܲ
˳飬ؼ䡣
ˡ޾ô׵ķͻͽǰָƷ
Ϊ˼ٵҹ칤ԼգƳսҴս˵ʤ
һ˵

׵ͷ
һΪǴǬĿڴĽƣӸ챦ġɣһ򿪣˲ͻþ޴ޱȣһöǳ硣ڿڴУγһڶĴڡÿֻǴֻһöǳңֻ̣޷̽ȥ󣬿ֱӴߣڿ˲䣬ǳǴ򿪣ܽǳͷųҪǻڴܽǳһͬ𡣡
Ǵûʲôǣľǳ٣Сǧ磬ǧ缶ǳ磬ɽȥ
ҪõĺãȫԳ䲻⣬ҪáƵһɱ
ؼǣ̫ѣֻҪͿԽơټܴӡһ⡣
ܺãһϴó
׵ͷ΢΢һΪļƻṩõ˼·
ڶΪ⾧Ϊһκսףüںϣûü棬һξ壬ս׵ķϵĹֱӱ⾵ֱӷȥսԽǿĹԽǿܳܵĹΧԽߡսϣԸõıսʿǵİȫ
ּ˵
ǸҪԣȫκսѷɫڣ÷ֹǺö
Ϊ棬̺ܹؼ䣬ң򣬷ѣϢУƻطĸ֮ء֮ȾֶڣѰγ
ܹһ
ңǸϣݻٶԷһпܣΪʲôѵԭ򶼲֪
ļ˥ֶʯֱʯ̺ǿ˥ֶ֮֮Եʯڸսϣȴս󣬷Ĵڵȵ档һϣս̺˥֮һУõ˳˥Ŀֽ٣ɲͻȾԪɻԴ
ƴɱͬħ㸳սǿԡ
ǷıʯЩǻ۵Ľᾧ֮һ
ǳ泲׳棬ǷܵȵȼںϺƳһ׳棬ɸʣ۳ͭʯ۳ͭ۳۳顣䱾ں˱ѷܵԣǳ泲УϷ䱾СֻĴָ󡣳ͻѣٴγɳѡֻҪ㹻࣬һöǳ磬Ҳܱ𣬳
ֽʱҲɫء
Ⱥ̲סԵһȺ칤ˣֱһȺӣʲôĶŪҪ޷ƵĻȫǾһѡ
κ磬ǻԵƻ
Щඥսɱôڣ佫ǽһ۷Ź⣬˷ܲѡ޲Գһ£ǵΡ
ܺã칤й˴ε͡
׵ͷ칤Щʮġ
Ҵ׼ʱ磬ڴ˵˵ǽҪܻȡ棬õĺô
мѯʵ
Ⱥڣ˶Ѿ֪׵ʵУ˶ٱǰȣѾûпɱԣҪԱȣڵĴףһǰԼ
ԷƱڵĴףôǿ
ҪҪߵǵ͵
Цǰ˵
üţȫܸܵġ
ʵı仯Ȼǵĳ㣬վĸ߶ȣҲòͬ
ƨɲǾԴľء
ߵΣ͵Ρ
ζ˵
ߵĻҴףֱǲţɱħսҹ㣬ɱҹսսֱȼҹȥԳҴ׵ܱ߽ʥս֮Ȼȡúô
˵
ڵ͵ĻɿԲɫǽҿʱ磬ɿԲţǰĴʩУǿؿħ֮Ǳҹҹ𷴹
¼˵
ҹ
⻰һȺһƬȣҹǴͥ˵һִƾʲôҹ㣬Ͳܽҹؼûĵеֻǿʳ߾Ҫ
ڣѾǿˣΪʲôԷȥ
£΢ΪҹǴڰҹ벻ǴѾﵽʵǸҹϴʱ̡õĺãȫԻȡһξ˵ս
ڼϵĿ˵
΢顣
Ⱥܣ׷׿ͬ

󣬴ƺٴλָƽ
֪УһʱѾִһεʱ֮ɢıʱ٣ȻĻָٴʱ켣Ѫǣػ߽֮߱ءһп̽ѪУѾһǽ߶ȣﵽ˰һʮɸߣֳԸơ
Уı仯̫ˡ
ȥɻ֪Ҵ֮
̤ɹУ̧ۿաУצͣѾﵽǧɵľ˳ȣУԴԴϵ£ĳɳѾһǧҴˣˣЩǺġ˿̵ĴףͥУѾ߳Զһξ롣
ң׵ĵ̣ԶԶֹǰЩ
ˣҴĿʱҹȾѪ

磬˭ûвͥı仯
Ǵ˳ڸϣ˵ǵһ޷׿̽ʥҲͬϹԣһݷ˭û취ǿ̽
˿̣׾ڣħ֮λãһӰ̤뾮С


2288 
ħ֮ħֿʼ󣬾ѾǴ׻ҹʱעħ֮תƿȻҹǴףǲرأڸԵľ裬һûзɡ
˿̣ܿһӰ̤ħ֮ڡ
ϸȥЩڴУһǿߡ
鹫ӣһҶ֪ϼƣ磬ѩܵȵȡÿһɢϢܸܵȫﵽ֤ңս֮ǿͬУǾԵǿߡ
һ׿ڴ֮У˼ӳ֣ԴȱȱͬȱԴУ޲ͻͽ񡣷һ˾ĸ߶ȡ
ͻ֤ȫչֳʡ
κһλ߳ףǶİܡ
λѣô꣬ڣǻرʱˣǧգñһʱϣλܿ
鹫ЦǺǵ˵ϻϰԵĲ԰סĪ
ģڽڣҹ
ܵȻĿһ۵
Ľõ֤
ǵĿĲǴƻռƻ¡
ϼ˵
ǰͨ󹩷ǿߣֱɢڼħ֮СʼǰǰǴġ
Ϻ󣬿ٽħ֮ȻҹǱߣҲǿķֶΣֻȻȻа취Աܿҹҹġ
֮Уɲǰ׹ģ칤󿪷ϡŹֵƷ
磬оһ֣޼䱦񣬿ڶʱڣ·޼ռ䣬٣ȴܴκ򣬺谭ǽƣҲܹ״ֻǣ޼䱦ʹԴһ׺ľͻ᳹ʧЧһ޼䱦ֻ֧һ¡
ͻ顣
޼ԣȻɳڳܹעȥġעľɳǵ޼֮ΪˣžϢҹߵȻϢĽ뵽ҹС
ȻڣҪѿ޼䱦ʹʱ䡣
Ǻǿ֪ˡ
ܿҹħ֮һˣȷʵ¸ֶΣӴҹפжǿ⡣֤ħ񣬲ֻҪһбʣӦڴ׵ӣʼգûи
һֱǷмӡ
˵Ĵ£ȴ˿ӦûУ֤ħ߹ûκ쳣
Ȼ޼䱦ħ֮ԳްЩҹаħǸƨɺʺȥɡξ֪Ҵ׵
ϼ߳ħ֮ͻȻ¶һĹתͳҹƿնȥ
ҹУ޾ǳɣҹ½ʮѪµĵ׺£ν൱ĿҹֻҪһ̧ۣܿõ
벻֪ѡ
ҹ½ٺ٣û뵽ϼۿҹ½һ졣ҿɲΪҹ½ϼЦһƿճһö۵ǳ翿ȥ
һͷ֣һöСǧǳ磬ңСǧУҲ۷弶𣬾ǧ磬֮ңǳУܿһöǳ
ǵģҹУȻҲ壬ֻǣ壬֮Ϊҹ塣ڣҹѪԵƤܺڡҹûеƹ⣬㶼ѽҵĳҹ壬ǿȻڣȴսǿҪǣ൱
öǳУӵеҹڶʮס
淽ʽһҰ̬ħޣѪ⡣ľȴӵžĴĽ׼ϵҹУ壬ûһǼ򵥵ġҹ壬ҹУͬռݰǿ֮СڰǿУҲߡ
ǵ˿ڻսž޴
һȺڹôڣôļ࣬ı졣
ϼǳۿ󣬱зһߣЩҹ壬һøжûС
йâһһֻڵĿڴͻȻ֡
뷣
ϼֻڴһ
˲䣬ڴշۿɼٶȾգ֮䣬ͺǰڣںһ𣬶ңڷӣһУ磬ȴ˿ڴͺһĻѸٱգۼ䣬Ѿŵǳ⣬ȫǳ縲ס
׸סʱ͵£һ룬Ϳöǳ磬ôһʧˣ޴ĻۿɼٶСգۼ䣬ͱһֻҲĿڴڴô䡣
ٿöǳԭȵλãѾÿһ
ԭȵǳ磬ôʧˡ
֮죬û˻ţǷһУġ
ǿڴȻ档
ϼĿڴһЦٴοԶһöǳ
ƿնȥ
һΣǱҹĸĿģΪ˶ҹƻƻɱ¾ȻҹΣҹ̫ˣ˲ŶٸǸƻҲɱ˶ˡ
ǿڴʱ
ǿڴڣȫԽҹǳֱɽȥŽڴУȻôߡ
ǰҹǿߣÿһУʮֻǿڴǵǿڴܶĽҹǳߣҪǧǳ磬޷Ǿһöȥ
ÿж˲һٸ
ϼ㣬׵ǿǱͿʼж
Сǧǧǳ磬ԥǿڴߡǳ磬ûнȥȻϢĽʯУЩ磬ȴջһ졣
ǿ㲶׽ǳڴһöǳͻһطٴγ֡һƬ򣬴ǳʧҹע⡣
ٶ൱ˡ
ҹûз¡һööǳȻϢڴСôҹʧˡȻڽеҪǳһǿ߷׷׿ʼ롣
Уһ¶
ٴƾ޼䱦ȻϢ˳ħ̤֮Ϸ֮·

ҹǿУһ޴ĺɫħǿпٴΡħϣһ޴ĳǳءǳУ֣ҹ嶼ܿĵﲻ
ҹеǿˣԦǿվޣһööǳд󣬻ͨޣÿεִǳЩǳʮֵ˷ܣԻȡָûеĶʡ
ÿһǿˣ䱾һ𶥼ǿߡ
ǿߣǿ̣ҪȻƷñӶ⡣
һ㣬ԲǿЦ
һǿˣľǿն꣬ϵоͼ
ף̩ءôˡ
ľͻȻħͷܣɫһ䣬æóͼϸۿһö̩ǵǳ磬ҹǳ磬ǰ׹¼ʮΡ·ǾԲǴġڣ̩ǣôûˡ


2289 ҹŭ
ҹȻڣɻûкڵĵزֱս֪ܰû˵ʲôս֮ǰҲûдбʣúõһöǳ磬ô˵ûûˣ˭ڸҿЦôʲô
ľǵɴ۾ĴɨӣҪǲ֪ܵȥǳҳʵȴʧˣﻹʲôǳ磬ǿһʲôûУʧˡ
ңһҪҳҹҪˡ
ľͷųһֻֻ׷˷ȥ׷ҹһר̽ǳǿħޣͲ󣬿ٶȴ൱ˣǿУٶ졣ܹǹ⣬ѶϢ̽·һѺ֡
һǿˣϣһ׷ܹ̽鵽ǳꡣʮֺá
ǽ׷ųȥйߵѶϢͨҲǿ߽ѯͬʱʼ̽ͼܱߵжԱȡܱߵ׷ʲô仯
ףԣͼǱ߻һöǳ磬ǧ缶ǳ磬ôҲʧˡʲôЦľͼɫٴδ䣬Ϊ֣ǳʧģǸ̩ʧˣԶһöħǵǳ磬ͬʧˡ
һп⣬ڷƵģǾ;Բ⡣
϶ʲô֪鷢ˣʹǳ綼Īʧˡ
ʲôطҲǳƾʧĹ¼⵽ô¡
ûƬ̣ܶѶϢͷһľɫѾѿݣݴѶϢУĪķͬ¼ǴųͳƣʧǳҲѾö֮ࡣ
൱ˡ
ǿľϢһݳȥҹ˲䱻𶯣ǿ߱
ǲˡ
ѪҲˡ
ħҲˡ

ԽԽǳ类Īʧˣ𾪣ǾκˣôǳʧҹУͷһءⲻǼ򵥵ļöҲǼöͳֳʱȷһʧǧİöǳ磬ȫǴСвεǳ硣
ʧʱ䣬ͬһʱΡ
ħС
ħۡ
аֻ顣
ÿһħϣɢһ֮ɫ
˵˵ɣǶ˽ЩʲôЩǳ磬ôʧģҪݻ٣ҲӦжϢʧģԲûиԴôģ⣬㡣ҪǣҳôҹģʲôֶΣŪЩǳ硣
аףĿ˵
ýָͷܲµõôģͷǾûбˡؼǣҳǵַƽ⣬ҪȻҹ޴ͷһǳʧ飬ҲԳܲס
ӸԴ϶ž
ûκη֣ݴӸħ֮ĵǱߵõϢħ֮ûκ쳣Ҳûд׵ʿǿߣ׵Ĵɸ֮ǰһݷǰû쳣
ħ˵
ҹսУرأͬû쳣ҹ½ͨһ
ħ˵
£ͨҹģֻ;
ӸطҲ㵽ôҹġɣʾԣҪҲԴζţҹᱻܴԷڰ
ҹûġ
ħ˵һ־޴ƣεĴ
һֱֻҹԷûжַҹҲۼģһ㣬ȴУӶˡ
е裬ڶûϴˢꡣ
ΣԲУ㾹ȻҹħֵҶȻԶԶȻںϵٶȣͼӿ죬ڣ㡣
аױ˵ȥҹսħսսڣޱݣ֮䣬̱ӣҪսǾսʹ졣
սرݣ޴Ĵ½໥ţ໥⣬һҲ˵Ҳûҹսħսݱսսҹ㣬ͬһҹ
˭ռ˭ֱ˳湥Է硣
κתء
аǳױŭˡ
㶼ҲֵҹˣҪʲôƣȻƣǾҪԼŭҹ׼ҹŭҪѪġ
û׼սҶֲΡ
ֻǣڱ
ҹξһս
ҹһԪûаܹһԪͬܣⲻһԪսѡҪսҲֻҹȷҪսǾͿս
аһ֣Ȼ˵
Уȴһޱ޾ϡ
ǣס
ڣħ׷Ӧ
սҹ¹
ҪսǾս췭ظ
ѡ
սںϣֻǿʼ

ҹķӦΣУȻǲ֪ġ
˿̣ǱҹĴͨ󹩷׷׷ɳǣҲصͨ󣬼
ǧֻڴǰ
ǧöǳ硣Ӧÿҹʹһջһδջ񡣡
пǰĿڴа˷ܡ
Ҫ֪ڴ棬װһööǳǾһ硣̺Ŵ硣ֵ֮ߣν޷ȥʥ˶Ҫŵô۾
ȻЩڴڵǳ磬Ҫá
Ѿ˴㡣
õģ޷ǾǽУ֮׳磬ţпڿռ䣬ֱڴǧĽУһ·սȻ֮һپ١ɻȡĺô
ڶ֣ǽ֮ϸҶأԭȿٵأѸű󡣽ʡʱԴ
ڴ˵ô֮
һһ˳
ȴûй࿼ǣּ䣬Щڴһ룬ѾɳǺĿռڡ
ˣˡ
ͷ˹ϲΧ·衣
ţβһҹǳ׼׳д󶯾Ҫ֪κĻͳֽڡ
׵ͷЦ˵
˷ģԲ֪
ŵ˵
ˢ
һ룬Ϳһ׳ĸи֣ϣ˸ŻɫĹϷġ

нһֻڴһףʱֻڴһ¾ըһöǳȻӿڴиֺ֣ۿɼٶȷͣ·һӾҪָԭȵĴС
ɲͣںĿռУʼնܹ׵ɣͬĿռ䣬޷Ŵ󣬷ΧޡǳٴҲɡ
ô¡
쿴ôһ
öǳ̩ǣҹ壬֮ǰֻоǰһڣȻ󣬾ʲô֪ˣû뵽һ֣Ϳһ޴Ĵְǰ


2290 С
޴ĸ룬κηӦĻᣬ˲£ǳʱֱǳУ漴һɹɱԴ֮ԴԴϵıȡЩԴ֮кֱӾ͹עһööҶСЩҶڵĻռڲϵ׳šǿЩҶıԴ
Ļ֮һأÿٳرøӾ޴󣬵̸ۺ
ǳ籾ԴǳеЩҹ塣Ҳɽȥ·˳һεͨƾճһƬƬҶڣеĻ֮ڡ
ãôģҿ
ЩҹҶں͸е𾪡
һ룬ͱһε־Ӱ죬ܵʩչԼǿͨĳǰĻȥ
¡¡
ҷǰĻռ䣬ǻ֮ƺеôǿ󣬹ȥֱӾûըݱػˮ磬Ȼ󣬼űԵ𹥻ÿٵأţٳĿռ䣬ء
ΪʲôұˣҲ뿪찡
⵽ô¡
һƬҶУ̺Ŵҹ壬ͬʼٵصḶ́񹥻磬УֱǲܿҹڿĹУѪŵ׹䣬Уһΰ£ٵķֽ⣬뵽С
ڣӿֳһɹŨϢǿ
õϵĹעرøӵĸģǱǿ
ߵҹ壬ӶĿʼ׹䡣ǵѪ⽽ء
Գɳ
˵ѾԼһж׸µ硣ҫǵһݣסǵġ
Ļ棬ڻУνǱʱʽǣһµ￪١ܿٳ磬ѾﵽռķΧǾСǧ磬Ҳ̫ԶҪ˶ã΢һȫлͻơ
һöСǧǳ磬籾Դټҹ˽ףƬҶУٳ硣
ֻǿʼ
һöǳ糹ױɣҶʣºкԥóǿڴּ䣬ǧöǳͬʱӿڴг֡
¡¡
Уһ룬ҲŸ֣жǳж룬׵ȥȻļȡЩǳԴΪϣǳڵҹаħΪĿܣСУϵĿٵء
һ
ʮٸ

ÿ䣬д翪ٶЩ磬ڹĵ£Ѹٻ´ĸֻľӣٵ֮ԪѸٴɳûأѸݱһƬƬɭֲԭҩѸǿٵص컯ܶҩҩǧĳɳʱ䡣
컯޷
δҹдߵǳ磬һ޷Դ籾Դܹɳӵ̣ǳ̺ҹ飬ǿɶõĴ֡ܶǿҹаħֱӾͱͽһƬƬҶУпأĻͻΪϣûĻͶŵһȫµСУء
գҪǵһեɣù裬ȫȫǾǿùߡ
Ҫںʲô˵˵ġ
ҹ˵ȫǺġ
ãѡ
ԣÿ䣬дڿ١
Уɲڳصģÿʱÿ̶źԪ뵽ȫҶУҶڵ籾ԴûЩǳ籾ԴעҶ̺Ļ籾ԴͿԿٳռ䣬ң̺ĿռСһ㶼Сڣһ
ЩҶڣٳ硣
ҹ°ٵҹаħ޷
ΪϣٳأȫǴﵽռ伫ޣСǧ磬Ѿ֮ң
֪Уǳȫһʱ¿ٳصҶѾﵽ
ЩҹаħҲΪҴ̣Щ¿ٵأѾ߱סеֿΪҴף˿ڡ
ĵͷ
ܹܵȻøӵ졣
¿ٵĿռ䣬ھͿǨ˿ڽȥȫʺ棬ңϣܼųɳֻҪͶԴѡ
ˣι磬Ӵ󣬶ңЩҹаħأУһЩǵӰ죬ᵮһЩѪй֡Щ壬ǷҪ
ӿѯʵ
ã֮ǰҹʲôѪڼȻѾںϣǾɷܣǹ׳ԼĶ͡Ҫʲô쳣ţʱҲȫѹ
ЩС⣬к˵

׹ı仯ڴУû˵ע⡣ֻǣڽһʱ䣬ٴд˲ſʼصʧУ״˲Ǻġ
Ӵ˷ָ
һοС磬ڴ˵׾ܳңĿʼ°ţİտʼǨƣǨƣǴӺǨƣױУҲһСֵİǨơ
һɳǣʼȥЩССܿ죬Сڣ죬װգעΪӴˣһСвϻ۳Ρ
С磬һ׳㡾ְصתɳǡ
ݷȴŴһɳһ졣һ쵽ʱǶӢۡ
ֻҪ뵽һƻУ֪װصĵ̣жôۺ¡
ģֻǾţһëѡ
ǲصơ
ܿǰٵЩ磬ѾɱСǧ磬ǣѾ뵽ǧ硣ڣ۵ˣѾһ޴̾ա
׶ĳ·ڴʲô
ȻϢ䣬ڷŵ̡
ʱ䣬ٴȻš
׽⣬ȥһࡣ
һ죬У׵ĴݳޱѹֵϢ
һĪĴؼ両֡
ʿ׷̧ۿա
һϲ¶֮ɫ
ȻܿУ־޴ͶӰ޴ޱȵĴ½һ˸źڰаϢһӿֳ޾ɷƺ㳤档½ϣȫܿǳĴڷӿսϣгϵɱ¾Ѫ䣬ս棬
ʵĿûκ
ô£ʲô
֪һħսħսսĴУеľǿߡ
쿴壬Ҳսϣǿ϶ħսǶģҹսΪʲôͶӰ⵽ô¡
սڡڿٿҪײһˡ
ܿ˷֣޴ս·һصʹ£ֱײһ


2291 ս
¡¡һײսͬʱҵ𵴣µĺϯҹħսսأֵضɽҡľкܶ򣬳ִرѵļУնŤռռ·ײ뽻ڡ뷨ѹֲѹϮ
ؼ󣬸һһϡ
ܹõҹ֮Уͬɼֻǣеʿû׼ҹеĸ壬׼ģںϣҹġҹУħѾȥʲôʧľٶ¶ڴ֮ɫ
սںϣζţ罫ʽײսѾһ
սڣӴˣҹ㣬ٲ޷ԽͨսǿпԽرݣ硣սѾʼˡ
Ԫݱ̫ˣҹκηչ׳Ļᡣһ˿ܣƴѹƣǴݻ㡣ҹǷǶǲ˾޴вԲŻС
սһԪǾͲ£һԪ˭˭˾ͬھ
У壬Ȼ𾪣ȴ£սôˣħֶѾǵĵôˣʲô˵ģֱӴѾġ
Ǵ
ʤôǺ¹
£ȫܿ޴սѸٵںһ
һ塣
Ϊս
һˣ쵽ҹ磬һˣ쵽㡣
սһ޴޾աܿսĺ嫻硣˵磬ڲϿ˴˼ĽڣѾʼͺ޴ļ
Ǽ壬ҹĵơ
ڣı㣬ҲǼ壬Ѿںһ໥͸˿̣սǺڼеһͷƣƣڷٿ
һͽ뵽յںϽ׶Ρ
ɱ
սںϳս󣬶ʱͿҹǱߣ͵رֲħһħǣ׷״򿪣ħ糱ˮӵ
壬ȿģǵصĳ塣
һεĳ壬ȫ޷󵽵ж٣Ѿﵽ޷ĵزңУȻܿһħһͳ죬ڴУԴָӡһսֹʮı
ֳֵϣսﵽ۷塣
ͬʱУĶħһź嫵ƣϯЩħĿ䣬սսìѪūؼ䣬һѪӰǵصϯ
ãɷ
սսУѾ׽뵽һҶȲΡ
һĴһս֮УЩսǣÿһǼΪߴ󣬾ǿԣ糱ˮϯҹһ̣˰бɫ
ҹǷˡ
֮ǰҶȣûдﵽֵز
սһںϣȻ˹ģĿ´ս
ˣҹǷˣȻ˷񡣡
ӴĴΪħԲǲִ֮ģԤı֪սϵսʿ֧ܲȥҪ֧ŲסξΣˡ
սʧأҹͿֱӳֱ롣ɱ㡣Բͻս
Уʿܣɫǵ䡣
оһεѹӭϮ
ɽ¥
һҹȻ֮ĲˣսҪʼˡʮˣھͲ֪Ǳ׼ΣǷ˳Ѿ
ɳڣ̧ۿգ䡣սںϣ⣬ҹԣܸ̫ʱ䣬̫ϣϴˢһԪܵĳ裬ӲϢչ׳Խݻ٣Խ綯֡ڣѾӿ̫ˡ
ҹ߳£ʹҹΣдȱһԮʵ࣬ڲѾԸٵȥˡ
ҲвϧһУôתʱ䣬ȡʱĻ̱ۡǵԭ
лûѡ֡
ֻǾۿš
սϣ壬ǿɲǳصġҹҪֱӻһУսûôס
Ƭ̼䣬ħѾϿһսǡ
սԵȻܿһһǵսǣս⣬Ѿֳһ޴Ľ磬սڣȻһ֧֧Ӵľš嶼Узķ֧ɵĴʮֻ𽣬ȫΪﵽ龳ǿߡйͷɵĹͷ˴ƣǧͷ˴
˴˴
սڣûľеֻսɱѪսʿҪǣսУһ֧׾ţѻš֧ʮУ˵սϣ¹պչѫȫɱ
¹Ӣ˿̤һֻ޴Ļѻϣעŷٿҹħ糱ˮħϺη壬ֻһ޾ս⡣
׾ţսѻѻս󣬾ۣ
ڿħսʱ¹ӢԥӦ
ЩħȻ࣬ȴûдﵽʵѹһеĵز潻棬кξ塣
¼䣬ɫķͼƾճѻϿգ;޴Ļѻͼ󣬶ʱ˷ܵѻţ׷׳ͼ˽ȥ
ŻѻԴԴϵ¡
õͼۿɼٶȿʼۡ
գۼ䣬һ޴ѾǰҵųŨĻ⣬һ̫Ϣ˲䳯˷ϯȥ
𣡣
ĳ֣սϿգͬһ¾Ͷһö̫һ㣬ÿһ̫У̺ųҵ֮ҫϯħϣȻܿг壬ٿʱͻȻðȻʼȼգգۼ䣬ͻΪһŻ棬ڻУӲճɻҽ
ˢˢˢ
ħУﲻ̫ͬһ̣·Է󺣡
ͬʱܿһѻϱΪһյꡣ
𣡣
ħУһ˲䣬Ϳһž޴ĵ罬գƬƬǿнضڰաиָͨȥ
ϧ󲿷ֹڰ;Уͱֲ֮գпģҲȵ
𣡻𣡻𣡣
ǻ棬ս
ħֻҪ̤Ƭᱻճɻҽ
˲Ϣ䣬ǧħҷ
׵ѻţľǡ
ѻսʱһ޴ŭ
ȻܿħУͻȻһӰ׵ķͣգۼ䣬ͱɸߣһĿľħ˪ħңһ֤εı˪ħ
ħֺſڼ䣬ǰһʱͿѩǵصϯ˲ͽȵսڱѩ֮Уѩǵιȥγһ޴ıѩ籩


2292 ׾
䣡ѩ籩ֱײһ𣬱һײشײһ㣬ӿ񱩵ĺѩڻڿµıѩ֮£ȻӲϨˣŵ׹䡣ţսһӱɱ졣
ЩħǸոձգһͱѩǡ
ɰѻɵ֤ǿս
Ȼ˪ħ֤ͬħ񣬶ң֤УҲѾߵ۷Ľ׶Ρ˪𣬱໥Ƶ˭ǿ˭˭ǿһʼռݾԵơ
ɱ
ڱ˪ħУͻȻһڱףڱϣѤıƷȻɣڱУ·̺ܿһȫɱѩɵ硣ıѩչֳָĶ̬Ī⡣
ڰзٱǣΪɾ޴󣬳ֱײȥ
һײɽϮ
ಣ
ܼĻ𣬸糱ˮף·Ҫڰֱӷ顣
Ȼ򣬱̫Ե棬Ȼȫ޷ƿףһɹɺӲסб⣬׶ᣬ׹䣬ڵϣֱɱ׺ݵ¡
޷赲
Ѿ׺ݵײϡ
꣡
ϵıǿһɱ˪֮ٲû޴ձ⡣ܿУһֻֻѻı顣Ȼ󣬾ͱײһ£ѻ˲顣
ˣ
ѻţһ̣𡣻ѻеĽʿͳͳǡ鶼ûѡĲ
ǽһѤ
ѩ̻á
У
һĻ磬УսǿУ޲ǵһ
ңʵ̫ˡ
ôǿǴ׵ѻš񣬾Ȼôһûˡ˵¹ӢųǿǴ׵ưոݡҪˡ
ҹǷˣһ֧֤ľţȻô˵ͻ˵ͻҲ̫ԵˣҹʵеҪµĶࡣ
׵ľˣӣ˵ҪױŭˣɻưոݡδѪȷ磬ѾԿĵˡ
սϣУǿߣԵһЩħսսս϶еģǲһų״̬ȫǴδйġ
˭֪ͥʲôķӦ
󣬱Ȼһ춯صĴս
սǰ
쿴Ǵ׵ѩþš
ֻսϡһĻǰ
һսϣһսǵĳǽơѩغȻŰѩþţ޾ҹħ档һֻֻ޴ѩãѸ͵ٶȣ̤һʿչ¶ޱȾտļգһ棬ʱдƬƬħ¾ħУƺǿһ·
ħʱۣսעѩһ֮ϡţѩǣﵽɸߣս˲ﵽ֤ʱħУң֮ħӲ򱬡Ѫ鲼ս
Ȼ򣬾ڴɱ¾ʱһö޴Ǵѩأ׹ʱΪһ޴ħţɱ£ѩþţӲ𡣶ħֻ¼˿ڶѡ
ѩþţ𣡣
һֻ׾ˣˣҹҪˡ
쿴սҲˣÿ£һħսš֤һ֤۷ҹħ񡣡
ˣ쿴ɫеɫţҲˡħսǾȻħս
ҲҲң
սϣϷҵս¡
ţһ޴ħ
׻ţһֻħ
칷űһשͬһսǣһ

̫ˡ
д׾ŵĵطҹУȻðһµµħ񣬷·ֱһķԵĹ
𣬲ϵ
սںϵͬʱ⼸˴׸ŵһʱ̡
ǣһʼɵĻһŲ£ѾǻɣҹԴףԴ׵ĸţǿƳ֣ΪҪ׵ĸţݻٴ׵ľ
Увҹħܵķȶŭĳ֣ɱһҹħȴɸı䲻ˣһҵʵ
ħսеĴ׾š
ȫ𣡣
ʿսս֮ϡ
Ļ棬磬һȻ壬ǰеһܵǵıͥУһԪΨһ΢ĩ𣬳ɳͥȻгţȫ
Ҫʲô
Ҫˡ
¾ǰ
ڴǶԴһλεĴ
˼˼ҹıôȻҹ֮ģκһλǵĳУҪܵʮٱĴ޷˺ѡҴ׵ľ֡ҪԵ˳ʵʹŭô
֪׼ŭҵĿֲô
бվɹУսĸܵҹŨŨ⣬һǿҵıٶǳơ
һս飬ֱ˦ϡ
ҹڴݳһѶϢ
Ҿͽ׵ľȫҪһӣǾ͹һսҪͷڹ꣬Ǿͼ棬Ҫ
зŭĲǴ׾ս𣬱Щ׽ʿƾ컯ͨӲٳġţǾģʵϣЩţ񻹺úõĴڴ֮Уɴھս磬ңÿŵսѾ֪ٱ
ԣȷʵǴ׵ľš
ģͬǴ׵档
ھȻҹˣʵʵڵĴ
£ǰ˼Уҹƣҹ˾٣Ȼıðթ
˽
ˡ
вÿɷĵͷ
ֹ࣬λѾ׷ǰɹ⼯ᡣ׼һ¡
˵
ǰ
˵
ǣ
¡
пգһĨɫЦЦ૵ҹҹ֪Уɲֹ˳ڳɳұĳɳٶȣֺգ֪ŭңҪʲôĴۡҴ׵ŭ𣬲˭Գܵġ׼ãҪܵʹࡣ
¼䣬ȻܿһӰ˳
ϸȥһС
һģһ⻯
һϢһòΪʵϣͬԨ㣬ɲ⡣
һ룬Ѿս̤˹ȥ
һ


է죬Ȼĳ£̫žơ̤ƶϣսƿնȥУǧ⿪


2293 ս
쿴ʲôԴɻʵľУɻҪˣȥķ򣬾սҹ׾ųѾȫŭɻʣһΣȻŭ
ˣĳˣȻ˵ʲôţִľٶɻǾԲ̵ġҹˣ꣬׾͸ֱɱҹսҹ潻棬οѾﵽͷˡ͸Ӳ̡
УĿþ޴ľһ𾪵ͬʱҲһǿҵ˷ڴ
ڣʼնеľڣѾͬķΧ֮ڣ޷޶ݵλЩһֱԣûʲôĿĳ֡
ȴûСӡ
Ϊ˳ֻ֮ǿÿʱÿ̶ڱǿ
ԽǳԽǿ¡
ΪֹѾûܹ²⵽ежǿ
֤ʱѾһʥˡ˭޷ս
ȴŭսᱬεȷâѾûܹԤõ
Ŀ⣬˲ۡ
˭֪ײ޶ã˭֪Գ֡

ףС
Ⱥۡ
һɫء
ʼݵ
ӭʣʥ޽
صУжڻ֮ϡ
ǷǰսȻɱݣҪҹıơǰһ˵һΣսϵЩű̫ͻȻżȻԤıһֻ£սϣѾԱµڵȴ
ȻǷԣ˭֪ҪûǴ׵棬档㣬ԣҪӡ
£ҹǴ׶Ҳûһ⣬ɺϣξ;ԲɺϡԶ
ڼƽ˵
ᵽıζ
޷վñȥʶһ£ҹΪ׼ʲôı塣һ߷ѣʻĵҪɱҷҲҪǸʹĴۡǵж
Ц˵
һΣҪݣҪȻΪûצĲèѾӲצˡ
˵ɲԭȵʵ
У˭޷֪ߵһҪչ¶ԿΪ֮𾪣ʥΪ֮㤡
ˢ
һӣʱͿĻ棬ֱӳڹС
¡¡
ٶȺεȾˣգۼ䣬˺գսںϺ󣬽սȻǿпԽȥܵ谭˺գħսϡ
̤սգаķЦſһĴ׾֮ء
Ҵ׽ʿߣ
ҹаħ𣡣
һսۣͷƽڣſڼ䣬³һ
һε־ΰսϯȥ
֮Ȼܿսϣϯ糱ˮҹħħͻȻ䣬ڿ񱼳ĳ壬һͻȻڵϣϢȫޣһֻֻǳƬƬĳ֣ħôϢĵڵϣ·ǵ־ĳΰ£ǿб
ǧ
򣡣
ף

ҹħ͸һ£º󣬾Ҳû棬ֲҪ֪Щħʵһ㶼սԴﵽײΣڻңҲѾǺϸڻңɱǴݽȥᱻ
϶ҧ󣬲ǿЦġ
ڣ޷ħôˡ
ǾͺսѾʼڳ棬׼ʱսɶԷͻȻ䣬ʧˣǻ棬ǹ졣
֪׼ӭսսУʿ׷¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ԣǵ۵ͨԡһԿΪ·Գ档
Уֲֲ̫ˣǴɻʵôôһ˲ħսҹײħһɨգǸ𡣡
ǿߣ̲סһ
⻭棬ʵ̫𺳣ֱǲ˼顣
и𺳵еΪ磬ﵽεȲΣһ֮£ħǶôµΰǰħսǺвԡ˲ͱ顣
һ£ֹѪծѪʮٱǧ򱶵ĳ
ã۵ͨȻң޿赲
һҹ棬˲䱻ѹȥǻš
ڣȺ̲סƴЦ
һͷһڶ֮ǰıɢ˴롣
ȥֻЩڻңǿ߻ûΧĽԣվо޵ġ
ɫɣ˵
ܿսϣֹ̫ۣħĨɱħеҹǿߣǳױ¶ˣħˣֻվŵģֻ棬ͺǺȺһ۾ܿǺҹеĴݡ
ɻʣȻҹħ˳𣬱ɽߣȺɱ
ɱԲɻʻȥҪأɱ
ЩҴҹħһоŭͬʱһǿҵɱģжǵвʵ̫ˣһԣ߽ӴĹƣսһӱѹȥһ޴в
ɱ
бҪ
ηԴ׾ţоȫյĿģҪŭףҪܲ裬Ӵͥг뵽սСֻĽɱ
ߣҪɱʣǾͿûı¡
зһߡ
漴³һͼǧѲ죡
䣡
¼䣬ȻͿ󣬻Ȼ両ֳһ嫵ͼͼУ·ܿǾһصĻڣ̾һ嫵
ܹĿ𺳡
һۿȥһͳ䣬ƺ˺꣬һС

һڻе׶ˡ
һ



˲Ϣ䣬һǧͼкХһֺӭͳۿɼٶͣڱתۼ䣬ȫﵽɳÿһɢϢֱӴﵽ֤Ρ֤УǾԵǿߡ¶ģǽȻͬķϢ
ÿһ̺ͬķͬɢͬ
ɱԴȴͬ
ÿһɢ⣬ޱ鶯̺޾ս⣬ϵϣĿע£ѲԼ񣬵ߣ棬ǵˣ͸õ
ֺûаɣͳսϣһҹħɱȥ
ʽʽ
ʽɽʽ
ʽʽ
ʽʽ
ʽʽ
ʽʽ
ʽǧչ¶һ˲䣬͸Щҹħɱһ
ܿһ˪ħͷһɻһβͳǻ棬緭


2294 ǧѲ
ɱ˪ħĿԻϣĸܵϢ붼룬ֱӽǿڱصĺ·Ҫֱӻ⡣ɱڱףһ鱦ǿƻ߷£ﲻ׾١
飡
ײһ𣬼һ޴Уһ뻯Ϊѩ磬նֳһͬһ𺣣ֲನ˷ϯȥ֮ܿսϣǻΪһƬɫһ㾧
һ룬Ǳ׵֧Ųסڻ޿ƥе£󵹷ɳȥ
Ťתһʽ̽צʽ
ڱ˪ħϡ
˪ħӲһצУһצȫ޷󣬵ж£̺һֲ赲⣬̺ǿĻ֮˲䣬˪ħѪˣȻ󣬾Ϳƹȥָսͨ籩кǲһһͨսս֮ս
̼䱬ƻñ˪ħϱˣſڼ䣬ѪѪҺڵϣɱƿ˾㤡Ҫ֣ȴ޷ֵǿ籩Ĺ
漴Ϳ𵱳ѻŵı˪ħӲ򱬣ҵףȼħ궼ĺС
ӽսֻǶ̶̼֮䡣
յĽȴһҹ֤ħ񵱳򱬡
ҲǸոճһЩ˺۶ѣЩ˺ۣԾ˵ٶϡҪ˶þָֻܻҪԸ⣬˲Ϣɡֻͼʩչıͨѡ

ܿǧ˷ȥٶȼ죬д׼Щҹħ񣬺ľɱȥڻ˪ħɱʱͬһʱҵ֣ܿ˪ħ䣬ҹħͬۿɼٶȣϵıսɱ
һħ񵱿Ѫ
ֻмӶݱֶξˣӲսצ£ѳȥסɾһҲǾδо¡
ǿЩսȻÿһ֤۷սͨпµĶսսʲô
ɻʵʵôͷųսȻԱ˿ֲÿһսͬԡӦĽɱ¾ͬŵ
ÿµͼͨɻʹȻصĹ˲ͷųǧֱ֤һ˳ɾ˭֮⡣֤ܣԪҲδܹסǿʵ̫ǿˡ
ҹҴħ̲סһ
е𶯣ֱ֪޷ơ
̫ˡ
ǾԲţͬУôֲһⲻе

һɻʣѣһֻǾ춯ءսȻһ˸ƽˡӶֻһ壬˲仯ǧ
ǧѲ죬ǧ֤սֱǿԺ죬ɨս˿ƥСʥ˶âǴ֮ǵۺ˷ָ
һΣҹŭɻʣֻǳˣҪֻ£ĻҹԼҹ϶壬ʲôܸó˰ɡ
УǿҲǰ𾪡
չ¶սȫǵ֮⡣˭õʩչǧսɨսһħѪȾսħĺޣء
һ̣Ŀ
֪˫۾ս
սԲô׵ĽҹԲԼԿңԡصֶΣ֪ж٣ոձģֻҹڻҶѣڻңٶ࣬ǶʹΨʹǧҹħȻ¾
ҹˣ
зְա
㿴Ρ
ʱдһЦЦУȻܿһĹڰգһۿȥʮͨѾ羧㣬ֳɫʣ˸ϣܿħ̾ϣñɢһڵĹâһۿȥв㡣ÿһ㣬·̾һħ
ˣǸֳһö飬
һ֣ܱգ̣·뾲ֹ
֮ϣȻܿһۣһаӰ̤档ѹȥһ䣬ÿ䣬Բ˼ٶͣգۼ䣬ʹﵽһ˷ָĵز
Ȼħ棬а档
һаı
ǿսУɱ壬ЩĺǣУɣÿһ㣬һ졣Ѿߴ㣬䱾ɱ˲ңȡ˺ǾȡѪ⺡ǡ
֮£Ѿһ˼ĹȻУﵽ鱦֮
˵ڹУÿһ㶼һ磬ֻСǧ磬Ҫأѹֱǻڹ£ǻԪʥˣһӱ򱬡
ǳ޷ֵΰ
ƥ
Ҳһ벽ײεǿߡ
λҹĴڡ
ҹħɱҹǧħɻʣգҲ㣬˽ܣҹ֣עǧꡣ
аЦ˵
ǵˣҲҪأеʵԵĴ
ð벽׵ǿ֣߳Уɡ
Ƿ˽ܣҹۡҪɱңǾս
췢һЦĿѹµĹܱܵأȫաü䣬ս죬Ժڷ裬йâһ£һϽɫı֣һɣ
ѹһ
Ȼ뵽У˲Źͬʱͣ˲Ϣ䣬Ѿﵽ֮ߡ߷¡ѪҺУ·񣬷ĸ

ļӳ֡
Ŀ
ǵ֣ʣһ֮
ſڼ䣬һź
ֱӹᴩأ׽
֮Уͬʱ֣췢ź
죬֣ҹаħ
ȫߣֻҪΪ¾һǾȫ㹻ˣɱɱ
˳ڤڤеϵ糱ˮӿеڡ
ϣһǣ˲һ޷ĵز׵̫ˣңװո˵ʵ̫ͬǿˣһڣǻᷢʲôͨˣͻᱬǣҶʣ¡Ψ˳֮ܳء
֮ء

иܵڰ絽ԽرһϺȡ
С


2295 
ɱУһҪ̤ڻУٵصĸo
ϣȻܿͼڣǧսųӿУսǣ̾ϡɲͨļӳ֣ÿһ֤۷սǧǾǧ֤۷սһ𣬻ԪҪ£ӲҪ˵ڣͥ
ûϿһ̣ܱǰǿ
һ̹ſ¡
һ
һ̣ؼ䣬·ֻʣ޴ĹԼڶأյսǹĿֲѹ£ضսΪ֮ʧܱߵսڣĸоԼ޷ֵֺ֮ĸдĳ
һ̣ҹ㣬Ŀ⣬ȫƬսϡ
飡
꣡
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һλǰ벽׼棬һλǻͥĴ֮
ĺʿĤƣ߿׶Ѫֲţֻһ棬ͿͻȻ𶯣·նܵĳ
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а滹ûȫз۵ףʣƾʵǿҲֻбѹȥķݣԲзĻᡣڣ֪еεȵزʱ䣬ȻԿԽµĲ࣬ﵽָ߶ȣֱ˷ָ
˭õоȻƾ֤Ϊܺλ벽׵ǿ߿⣬ֱǿЦڣȴǰǰʵ벻Ŷѡ
Ƭ̣Ϳ޴ĹȻɳȥɢ⣬ڸ£˺ѣһ޴ĸۣϣù˺ѳ޴Ѻۡܿ磬⻮ʱر飬ֳľ
ߣһϧƲı˳֮ȻȻһ֤СӵڱսҲֻһ㣬˳棬û㹻ʱ䣬ҲɳȥҹӲǼɳĻᡣΪҹϴҵȥɡ
аɫȻʮ־ŭҲǳصģɷĳѹȥÿһ㶼ڷ⣬ħŷ֮
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һЦͻȻ䣬һãոյһ룬ͱһᣬãʵһӻΪãѸײڶ֮ƣ·Խʱգһ룬ͳаǰлΪʵʣͷȥ
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аĿ£̲סͫӿֳһ󾪾֮ɫ
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а塣
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Ǿ޴ĹҲͬһʱ䣬ʧȥ赲Ӳϡܱ߷ԲŹѹױ飬ر𣬻ԵһС
̫ǿˣǿ󵽣УҲ򱬡˲ըѡ
һѪ
ЩӲɱʼʵ˵ʱ䣬Ѿ׽
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УĲݡ
а棬ŬҪϣȴʼ޷ֲڷƻ壬˿֮ϣɢ
аܻǣѹʱŷ֣ǰһߣǱ𣬽ֻһѣǴˣûлȡ˿ĺô
а棬˲ասʧ
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һ벽׼ǿߣȻôһλСǸոձɱбĻǸĴۣɣɱֻһ޹صķѡͱüΪ߳ܡ
裬޷ϴˢĳ衣
٣˿̣аѾˡ

áÿֲ
Ƕǿ֮Ľô˲Ҫֳûʲôƽ֣ҹ޹⣬˲Ϣ䣬ҪԷһɱɱ֣ɡ
Ҹоոյսನʥ˱ȥ¶ᵱ򱬡ǹսֻǼ޾ʱգһۣܸܵϢС
˻ˡ˲ϢÿҵĶսַµǣǶԵеģȻֻɻʵһ߷һ߷ȻԵ׵Ϊã˲䱩ǵԺͰ벽濹⣬ܽһ棬롣ءǿʲô̶ȡ
Ϊݵһ棬ȴҹǿߣΪ֮˼
̺Ϣһ㶼١
һսȫܹ϶еսѾﵽ˶ݵ벽׵ľأȻֻǷΣ϶ȷѷɫǸӵǿ󣬵жǿѾܹ㡣
˳֮ȫһȺ̬
ûܹ󵽣ǵ׻˶ٶ
еȫ
û˸š
˭Ҫˣǲɵӡ
ټ߿Ļ˭޷Ԥ⣬ʵսжǿ
ˣ˳֮ء
濴ôô

ء
̧ۿսĿþ޷ƿɫ˭֪ĵ׾ʲô
ǿɻʹȻһԪ콾˵ԪļԪ֮ӡոյսԲȫսأصеĻҪǿ
ɻʣѾΪļԪ֮սյ׼
أҲ˺ʼʵۡ
ջĿ⣬³һ


2296 ɽ
һԪĲпᣬѾԪһԪδսͽһԪսᣬս֮ңսÿһÿһ塣ܲȥͬҲıжԶأˡ
û׼ֻǣΪʼʵۣصĸӵĲɽˮأľֻǱ濴ЩʵôҪô룬Ǿʹˡ
أѾΪս׼
һԪڴףγҴء
Ȼջ⣬

̡
ڡ
Уƹ裬ʱ̧ۿգУݳһĪɡͻȻЦһԪսᣬͿҪˣȻҹ˭ܳ档սδ꣬ԪʼҲһԪĩսԪ˭㡣ʱ˼Ҵ̣һҪһš
콵̡һԪܲմ֡
ȻһЦ
̵ĵ̣ɱȱ濴Ҫǿϲ֪١ˣ͵֪ˣҲˣѾ񻯣˶Ҫʼסˡ
ƣ˭ûء
óʲôŲֻҪʱ¶Чġ
˿̣壬޲ǿʼĬĬ׼

ߵ壬Ǽ򵥵ģ˭ףսںϣζʲôζţȫսѾҪʼˡû̫ʱ䣬ҹ̫ʱ䡣һΣһ߷Ȼһ벽׼ǿߴսһҹԽӲܷ˳չȥ
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һԪҪսˡ
̶̼꣬ҪսļԪؼ䣬ݵһԪ
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ļԪ

һս֮󣬷·һӣָƽսУӿֳһҹħսӣֻǣ統޼ɵĳսٴλָһСʮһľ档Ҷȣ·һ½ࡣ
Ȼɱ֮ǰҪңȴûеֱӾҪսɱľ档
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սУǿߣ׷̤սһսСսǰء
ʱ䣬Ȼš
ƽޱȡûжκξٶܱߵĽ򣬸ǰûвֵ˼ֻǣУԭȸٴιᴩ໥еɱһص״̬ܶණ׶й¶
ͬʱһͨ棬УѸٴ
ͥ飺׽ţֻҪԸףԿͨţףΪ񣬸壬赲ߣΪ֮ͥС
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ͥʣУΪȫһʥأڿħֲϣǣսںϣ㣬һεѹϢ
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²飬ȴһãȻ̬δںδ
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ڣȴټ
ҹУǰףɣ˼ǰ׾ڱѡ
û˵֣ѾǸ档
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У죬üȫжϴ׷ʾǶͨţ׾ڣΪһΣհգȫûֻҪգǾͿ̤ͨͥšǰףܻݣΪˡԵõһζ벻Ĵ
һ˷ܵĺһ߿ʼʰ
Ƕײ㣬˭֪ܻܲȥħӣÿ춼Ҫ£аħɱУȫԵˡδ׷ʾֱǿǴ֪ͥУħּɲʲôӰ죬ʳԳԵʳҲԵ
ܱǿΪ
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֣ںܶ˵һĪջԿܡ
ȥףһս˵ʱ֮ءôĶֻ֪дĵ̣ܹڴսУס򡣴Խ𣬴û˭ܹѪǣ׾ڡֻҪȥǾͰȫˡ
׿൱ǿ˼ʮ֧ţ˭ҿ϶֮УֻЩţڴУǲŸľǧʲô˵ɻʱ£ǿǸҹǿ߲ɱ˳УҸоһܰȫ
ЩеĴ壬Ҳ׷׿ʼ׼Ǩơ
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Ҫǣ֮ǰչ¶սؼһ㡣
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ڶԣ㿴мʥ˸ҶԴײ⡣벽ףʥ˶޷Ĵڡ
У׾ʥء
ܿ磬У϶Ṳ̊УǰסУȻκ壬屾ûжԴЩ嶥˳⣬˳ڣְǨƵһĬϵ̬ȡ
ȻҲ
ȥɣ˵ЩˣҪײܻȥڸ跽㣬ҲΪǽһ·˭֪ڻ֧Ŷá仯̫ˡ
˳֮Ǹп˵
֪УʮôȻȥ
ʱ䣬ѵƽ
ҹ˵ֻǱǰһʮ꣬һ¹սԣ׼ʱ䣬ֱٵĿ
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һ졣
ͻȻ䣬е飬оһѪеѹ֡˯УҲѣ׷߳ţա
һŴ͡¶𾪺Ȼ֮ɫ
ֻУӦǹڵǿգ֪ʱһƬ޴Ӱ
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ǿգǳ׵Ŀʼ貵ǹ⣬ϸСǳһε𶯣Ӽȶǹ룬Ϊһǣ㣬


2297 ǿغ
ʲôô꣬Ӵꡣǿеǳ׹䡣£ǾԲܳ˴ģꡣԲ
ǱߵӰڿǿաǿյ䣬ȻǱߡ
ⳡ嫵ֱ꣬ǵأƫƧĽ䣬Ŀ׹Ѥ貣ġ
ʵ̫ˡ
ҹǿռǿպϲںѾʼǿսΪս׼ǿաУͶӰͻȻ֡һз
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֪ͨڣ׼ս
սҪʼˣΣһսѾ޿ɱˡҹǻ·Ǿɱһδƴѣ˭˭ΪǶǳصô
սأˣѾġ
ʮ磬ٴα嶼ǿҵս⡣սʼ֣ѹ֣ؼ䣬Ŀãսٴοʼˣεѹһʧȡ֮ġһս⡣
ҪҲȴһ˵
οδؾĻܡ
ƣ
һ߿Хǿա
ܿǿУǾ޴̫ϣȻ䣬ųĹâɫ⣬ͻȻŴֹһӣͳΪǿеǡһ̧̣۾ܿһ޴ϣһֻڷһ䡣޾̫ӿ
Ȼ䣬ΪһΰӰϸȥǺȻǵۿ
۵ۿ
ۿ̧̤̫ۿǿա

ּ䣬һڵĳᦳǿУϵĳ棬ɢɣһչϣȻֳӰ棬ƺӰ
Ϊ۵ۿ
գҹǿսںϡҹռ޾ǿա
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Ӹɱǿյ˲ʹﵽ㡣
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ͬĴڲͬУʩչҲرģ٣ǳؼ䣬ۿЩ꣬ۿӼ˭֪״ﵽʲô硣
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Щһֱ֣Ϊ˼ͼ
ǳͼѾﵽĲΡˣͼ뵽ǳͼУǳͼﵽ˻鱦ĲΡΪľһ̡
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ۿ̤ǿգͷϹâһȻһ˸޾ǹͼ֣ͼϣϸȥƺܿȫһ޾ǿգܿǳתǹڱá޾ĵ֣ǿ˺ǿաѹܽ˵ѹϢܡ
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䡪
ǳͼ貣޾ǹż䣬ĿһȻ֮֮ϡȻǳͼȻţŴ뵽ǿա
ڴ˿̣ŵۿĶֻǿУ׷Ͷһöö貵ǳ֮УţǳУֳһ޴ǳᦡԷԴԴעУ޾ǿڴ˿̶һööǳ
ǳʹǳʼռȶķλתŲƣѤǹ졣ǹֱӾ磬޾䣬ϵߣϵתһɹɿµ֮ڶǿճ׻Ϊһ塣
ͬһ޾ǳɵľ޴ǿĻ
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ǳ󣡡
ǿȻһԪĶǿ塣ԣһ֣Ȼµ¡ǿΪ̣ǳΪӡһս塣
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ǳǳͼͳ£ǿգѾһ壬Ǻ
ǿǳǿ
ֻҪڵۿԸ⣬һǹ⣬һ˲½
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䣡
ܿƬӰԽԽԽԽǿձԵȻܿռͻȻʼŤŤĳ̶ȣʮ־ˣƬ֮䣬ŤĲ֣Ϳʼƿһ󶴣ңѸɢرݱڵĻ棬ȫǰ
űݵڣʱܿǿվͷһƬӺ嫵ǿֱӳǰ
ǿգ¡
ǳҫǹ⡣
ҹϢ
嫵ǿգͬһ㣬ֱӳǿײ
ǵģ
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ֲֻͬر𣬿֮֡
ǳôֱײ
䣡
ܼǳ㣬ϯǿУһѤĹ켣貵ǹ⣬ҫ񷡣
һ̣飬ȫ̧ۿǿա
ǿգͬǿսҪʼⲫ


2298 ǳ׹
ҹǿձԵشԿֵģȫһЩǳЩǳͬ޴ֻǣûκһööǣǳ磬ǳѾʺ深ܣһǣֻҪ֣ᱻҹǿձԵö֮ǿ⻷γһƬ޴ǵش˿̣ƬǿغϵĹУЩٲȻͱҹϮ
ˢˢˢ
ܿ˵ǣͻȻ䱻һε߶ǿײ
һööǣɵǹ⣬Ǹ貣ʯ͡쵽˾㤣ֻܿƬƬǣǰײǣҲǳ硣
ÿһö·һײ
ƣָܣͬĩվ
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һµǳΪһ壬͵ҡǳᦡȻ䣬ܿһͨ쳹صǳ⣬ǿлܼ꣬ĺײһöö޴ǡ
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ڴ֮⡣
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УʿڿȣԮ
ʿãͨ飬£ֱݽ棬ƨ硣ôĶ֪ѣ̾ͻή١һͻ֡
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ĩգĩա
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޷һжԤ֮СҹҲֻЩֶζѡҪսǾĴһǿգνΪսѣ˿ԱܿǾҹ˵ս
һͬ𺳡
սȫչֻһײġ
չֻӵĲпᡣ
ԪҪȥ
̫ˣ
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ЩǵĿɽײɽֻǣ׾ͱɽЩǣƻ˲ɽĵǣսҪʼˣɻδô
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õģսУʵǱκ˶Ҫȫɽҹ㣬ȥȫ򡣻սǻлܹȥ
һ۲ɽ


2299 
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Щñƻеʱ䣬ǰ
ǲòǰ
вչ¶вԽԽˡħŮûжɱɹȥ˭֪Դ׵ǱݱʲôȻ϶鷳
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һ⡣
ΪƷĿǾԲҪٴƷ
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չ̫죬ҹҲЩֲս޷Ԥ⣬ɽ콾֮أԾ֮أûзֳʤ֮ǰ㻹ҹԸȥƻȥߵ󣬲ɽеЩ콾ͽδϣӡҹ֮һĬ
ڣɽڵѾ˭޷壬Ҳ¶˿ľչ¶е
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2300  ҹ½
һʱͿһ޴ƾճ֣ͨͭɣŸĻ棬ǻ̹ſٵصϷṦΰ嵮ִƴأǵȵȣһĻĻȫϣΪõӡǣĴҲΪ¼
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ڵһ죬ҹرݣѾױڡ磬ںˡҲûҹˣ˭ʤ˭ߡյսˡ
Ŀҹ½ĳ֣ݳںϡ磬֮ȫԭȵ磬ܿں£ͬʱҵײ
㱾У֪ٽ˲ֳµĻ棬нͻȻ뺮ϲѩ±ֱ±ɽн򣬻ɽͻȻｮΪ𺣡
ҹ½ϣпֲɽ嵱Ƭһա


2301 
ҹ½ĳ֣ζţҹ֮رݣڣ編ȫײһ𡣱£ںԻĹһɣʱ編Ȼ໥Ӧںϣһ籾Ӱ죬Ҳ͡
ڣҹ磬ǿƶںϣ̣ȱʱĻ壬編򣬻ûг׽ڣһײʱ÷뷨֮䣬ҵĽ棬ǿƵײ
ɵӰ죬ֱӾͱ֮С
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ײȱֵģصĲȡ
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ԿУнͻȻ䣬ֲĿռ籩˲ͽټĽиһϸСƬеĽ˲⣬Ϊѩ硣
е磬ͻȻðһ磬ι󣬽УǻľǸָΪҽǻҷ𣬲Ҳ̶ã˿־塣
ຣУɾˣΪ캣Х֮һСһ£һ˲䱻롣
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2302 ɷ
˼˼ȻûпǾԲ˺ģڰУȻѾ׼һֻ£ԪģһԪлȡĵ̡ȻЩһԪĹŹ̳ž˵ŲĿ䡣
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ףûκζԴԴϵĽԸÿ춼Ƶ̤׾ڡ֮Уÿ춼кѶϢڴݣн
ɷѾظǡУŽɷ֮
Улڷĺ
ÿ㣬ֻ࣬٣ֻأѾֹͣѾ׻ҡ
пʱ
ҵļԪ
飬ֱ
Ԫǽ٣һԪսᡣδؾǽ
пĽɷ̲֮ס΢΢п
һս̫ˡ
ν٣ӿ¡
ԪУĻȥͨ飬ţ˵ĻᶼС


2303 ˮ
룬ǴܹѾĹ£嶼ҪмûǴױӣЩС֮񣬸ܻľ棬ֻܾѾʴȡߣ˵
ĴףУѾһĴڡ
ǿеս𣬺ܶҪ׵ĸֹǿߴܣǿ赲Ϊ˱֤ܹȣܹɸաסףǾǱסе
ȻײҪ
Ѫڣǡ
ţǴҲҪһˡٲ֣ΪǴûеӵث֡һգɷ֮ԽӵŨսҶȣÿʱÿ̶ӡ
սе壬ǿսУǿ壬壬ʥˣѾɱսʣѾȫս
ȻˣǴףҲûٳɵıҪˡ
У嶼кУѾסڻһСûģѾûٽȴıҪҪģϣѾȫˡΪ屣󲿷ӣеĿģѾﵽˡ
ʣµģѾٵȴˡ
¡¡
аʱ
ֻдһҵĺ
ҹ½Уףһ嫵ӳ
ǲͨӣһᴩعŽĽӡÿһˮ̺һ硣ÿһˮɱܣĥһ֣ͳΪؼ䣬ĿĴڡ
Уˮ񷭹ֻЩˮ䣬۳һ͸ȴݻȴɢ˾ѹ·Ǹ߸ϣ
ϣԿһӰֱӳ棬ڱϣһɫ۵ߣȴֺ̬׷ͯյĸоǣͷ˿һƬѩ׵ģȴͬһӰ㣬ݳ޾ˮ֮ϡ
òԵüΪʣĿ￴ĸоʮֹ졣
㣬ڵһԪҹĹޣһԪһԪעҪսᣬͽΪᣬǵΪ̾ҹ֮·ҳѡ
һ˿κĻ쳹أҹ㡣Ĵڣ·ϣһԿΪ·
ҹɼǿ߽֮һԪҹס
˵һޱȿµףһԪҵһµʧдۣڽ֮СҪʲô
УһԪǿߣĿߣһ޲ɫ䣬ѿ
ͨ𡣡
ˮ
֮˿ûгɣ³һʱֻӣڷΪһӡ
¡¡
ˮ
ˮƾճСϲܿн򣬱ˮǣ˲䣬ǰĴɽӲǰĻľҲڵһʱ䱻嵹飬ˮУϺˮȥÿһˮصĿ£ײе¡ɽ֮ˮɡ
κһΣܽͨ˵ѹ
ˮ콵ϴƣƲɵ

󣬳׳ؼ䡣
飬ںˮаңҲ̶á
Ψиƽ磬Էˮػںˮ£΢⣬ɺˮԴԴϣƣ޿赲ǽƽ磬Ҳûܹ֧Ŷãˮ̺Ľ֮ڽƵϮ̫¡
ֻ𣬲飬ЩͨħϮҹħڴˮǰû⣬ȫûȥںˮ䡣ʳƬ
ˮһС
ȫ㡣
񷣬·һ̱ˡ
˭޷һ̣ж
ڴϿգͬһˮˮϯȾѪĽϡ磬ҫѪ⡣ƾŽ֮ҪסˮϮѪ磬κιѸٷɢڣˮϮˮ֮ԷɢΪǺˮ
ÿһ룬ܸܵѪϵѹڲӡ
ˮ̺֮Ѫ磬ֻԵֵ
ĸɫص˵
ȻסǾòЩˮƳǡ
Ŀãƽ˵
һ룬ͿɳϿյѪ磬ֱӳһ󶴡󶴵ϿգȻǴкˮ
ûн赲ˮֱɳϯ
ǻ棬ֲ
ڰգ̧۾ܿǹˮ
ȻǴˮһɳڡȻܿɳǣ·Ϊ޵׶ĺˮȴʧûжԳκӰ졣
ڻҡҷ
һƬƬҶڷ⣬ճ
ܺõĴƷʱ򡣡
ƽĿԴԴϵĴˮ
ˮ̺֮ڻ˵ֱζĴƷȻľҶеһ磬ۿɼٶȲšıԴ֮
ĺˮ߲ܡжپͿ̶١
ϵҶ̫ˣɳһ㡣ˮԽ࣬Խӵϲ
ÿʱỵ̈µ翪٣ڷٵš
һ㣬ЩڵĸܹĸоġķΧڱԴˣȻӵϲԽԺռԽ
Ҫҳ̵ӵĻǻᷢʲô仯
ͫһĨ⡣һˮһ磬Ľӣ̤ȥ۶ᱻݻ٣ڣˮ֮ɢ²֪Ҫɶٱ
¡¡
ڸҪʱܿУͻȻִƬŤ
ţһȻֱӳҹ½֮⡣
һǣһ޴ޱȵǡ
䷶Χ֮޷㣬һۿȥǰֻܿǳصǣǣȫ˸һλðĽͨɲ֪ؽɡɢĹâǿңԵù϶ءԿڳУݺ˷еڸ֮вϴˮ˸Źâ
ɢԡ
Щеʤÿһеж˸ǻ۵Ĺâңڸܿи޶ڳε˲Ϣ䣬Щ͸ܱһΪһҰĻе
ڳǽϣһؽɵĸڣÿһ𶼸ɢɷ˿һۣоľ
쵰еǣеʣıعˡ
֮ĿǣͫУ¶˿˿ŭ֮ɫ
ᣬеʣչҪδ֮ս
ɵϣһ޴ĻеʣĿ֮ս
һ룬еǳ׿ʼҫ


2304 δ֮ս
ǿΰеǵĴڣѹһУеͬУ޳ɳĿܡеǣµսΪеȴûη塣ֻս˺
꣡
һĳתдʱͿУͻȻֳһĸսЩսһ֣˸ܽǳĿºâҲһ˲仯ΪһеĸݣתսΧǷת
ǣӴĽײȥ
еʣɣһԪδսһΣһҪһ
֮ɫ䣬Ȼ˵
ɫԵúѿһ֣֮ˮҷ˲Ϣ䣬Ϊһ޴ޱȵˮŻе͵ɱȥ·Ҫǳûǻ棬ֲһֱӳͼ̺ˮȥۣҲҪȥӣ޷ѡ
꣡
ȻǾ޴սͬڷת޴ˮײһ𡣵Ϳһˮ˲ͱ޴սӲն˺ѳһ޴Ĵڡǵնϡ
һ룬Щѵ˲仯Ϊһ׳ˮ紥ְ㣬Żеǲƹȥ
ˮؼѲһ
޿ײ룬ңնǽˮնҲǱһ룬Ρ
䣡
еȻ׼ֻԳУȻһ޴ĻеȻʼһö޴ĽɫԲԲϣųһɫ⡣;һö貵С̫С̫Уȼһɹɳҵ̫
һöɫС̫ôӡ
һȻǻееϹ̫
ֱ۳һööС̫Ե˷𹥻֮ǿǻԪǿߣһУҲҪ˲䱻ɱб¡ըʱͺ̫һƻԻݻһС
ˮ˵ǾɱԴݻٽеˮ硣
̫׹䣬ýУɾˡ֪ٺˮ̫ķ£ΪС
䣡
ڻеǳʱȻܿһ۲ϴи֡
һȻһ޴ɽ壬ɽϣɷ죬׶֣ҫǿա·һ쵶֮
ãȵľȺΪǻû׼ôıƣҹʧ磬ҹĵ̣Զ벻
׷ʱȻܿҹǿУʮѪеһ֡Ȼ仯ΪһѪɫ£·޴֡׷塣
ҹʮѪ£ҹħبż۷壬Գ֮Ϊ벽㼶ħΪˣܹҹΪҹ£һĴڡ
׼䣬ᶯ÷ֺ
һԪĴսУʮѪ¶ûгʼҹ½ظ֮ء֪ҹжǿһΣȫΪҹûнɹ⵽ƻһԪǿ߻ع飬Ѫ֮˿̣ҲҪ֣Ǿ˵һս
꣡
һѪŭ֮ڵıŭ֮£ѪϣܿһµѪɫŭȼգѪ±ϱӣԽǷŭԽǿ񱩣ѪµԽӵľ޴
һ˲Ϳ޴׷壬Ѫ˳ȥ׷ϣȻһ޴ѺۡѺۣĴĿġ·Ҫɽһ롣ۣһѾ
ķâȴܱߣǿգǳ飬ҹ㣬ֳľ
ŭףϵһս
һ·Ļһ޴ɫͳѪѹȥʱǵصףΪĳѪºȥ˲Ϣ䣬ͽѪûȥ

ŭЦһηĳӭȥ
ʱͬսײһÿһףÿһУ׾ٵľǳա
ҹ½δɱ룬գһԸǣײײȥҹ˭뱾һս
Уʱճ֣Ȼܿһ޴ǣѹź嫵ʱճӡУ֮ϣһۣһ֮Ӱţڵݳ޾ϡһھ޴Ľɫսԡ
ֻһۣͬ㣬вɵη֮ģ֮ӡ
޾䳯ݣ̣
棬֮档
֮ȣۿ̫һ·ǻûгĺͯһ㡣
棬֮棬˵еĴڣġ
ۿ̫һͫаԿ
ϣ
ֻγǣһһѪնȥһʱգһ貵ĵ⣬֮;Уһööǳ磬ڵ飬ܸ̺ܵİԵ־̺֮õ̺ķâϷŴ
飡
һһѪϣѪų貵⡣Լ䣬ȫѪ¶·в
һ֮棬ղݡ
ѪУһŨҵİ⡣
Ѫºգǿգֱӳʱճ֮СѪУӿֳ޾ħη޾˵ɱǡһȺ
սչ
ֲನ˲ʱճӶھ𵴡ɾˡʱ֮ôҡ
ҹһսˡɱ
ʱռԪͷȻһҾ޴ͭսһ泤緫ڹĶ޾ڴţͷһɲײǣ˿һۣо磬ײǰҲ׾ܶĶѡ
Ĺţ
޴Ĺʱճϣ˷ˡһ̣ʱΪˮռΪ磬ԪΪˡ۵һֲ˼ٶȣֱײǰ֮Ѫϡ
꣡
һײʱճӺȻըѣ޴ײǣӲѪ£ѪͬһŴһǿвײϣ޾Ļ֮ĶѪƻ
棬
ҹ½ϴһŭŭͿѪƿնȥɱʱճӡĹŷ𹥻
ʱճӣ׻
׳ɱʱճӣ׹ǳҲʱճС
ʱճӣΪս
ңǿµս
һ벽㼶ۣħħս׷
ֲֿͨսʱճӡ
һۣǿսϣ˲ͺʹҹħɱһ
ǳһ̣ȫΪڻҡ
һڹ⣬ܴݻǿա
һײ԰ټǧƵǳʹ׹䡣
սӣҹ½
һ̣Ϊս
Ŀãҹ½۵սУƬƬ½֮飬ΪƬܿħսһײͽһײķѣ½


2305  
ħǿսϣսϣͬʱҵĴսܿЩУкۣܶ࣬ȻⶼǸĵ̣֤崫ĸ˿̣ȴչ¶
Ѿ֮սһܣûκһܹ⡣ûκԴ
ս
Ҫϧһд۵ĽԷնɱ
ɱԽ࣬ҹʵԽĻںУܲϵռݸķݶǲѹ棬ΪںϺߡ
˵Ǹǿ߾֧֧صתıá
ɱɱɱ
ȫɱۡ
ܿһϵ㵥Ԫױֲֿսĳҹ½кȥҹ½½ؼÿʱÿ̶ڱ飬ÿʱÿ̶д䡣
Удܼħڡ
սĿʱɲ׾ٵĴݻ٣䡣һ̣ݽ档ǴսУʱ䡣ҹڱ飬ͬڱ顣
Ҿ󣬱֮ҹӴĿġ
Ĺͨѹҹ
ڴսȻʱеʱճУ̤ĹϵһĿɨҹ磬һĨ䣬һϺȡ
ּ䣬Ϳһ޴챮գʱճ׹䡣㣬ҹ㣬սȫڡЩ챮׹ͬʱܿ׷ۿɼٶȷǡ
ɣ
ǧɣ
ɣ
Уաǿ׹ǳҪ޴ÿһ챮϶ҫһӰ·һoһѤͨԵ⣬ܹᴩ졣
Щ챮Ŀ꣬Ȼһҹħ
ܿһͨħ߳ڵǧаħڷĶһȺ˷𹥻һ˫˫ħУһµħ⣬ˣ䡣
ɱ¾Уͷһ̧ۼ䣬Ϳһ޴챮䣬ƿնǧаħȥ
Ĺ챮Ĺͨƣ
ǧаħĿ£־壬챮ҹУνӡ̣ȫĵף֪ҹܣ챮֮£ⲻ챮Ĺңڵ챮һԪĻҪ£Ҫ޴챮ԽԽǿһ鱦ûơ
ϯ챮ǧаħһֻֻͫų貵ĹâһѪɫգغ챮ϡҺ
ȴ챮£ҵĲɢױ顣
ͫж٣ƻжǿ
Ҿһ֡
ң
ҵѣҵ޹⣬ҵ챮£ûκ赲챮УһɴݻһУѹһеĿ־ɸģת
ƣ
ͫ⣬ȫײķ飬챮̫ӲˣһԪ£ĹͨѾɱ䣬֮ǿؼ䣬׻챮ģѾָ
һ
Խǿ棬챮ϴݳϢԽӵĿֲԵͬһ챮ϣǱһ⣬ͬһһͫɱס
һͨһֶΣ챮£ʧȥá
;
飡
һ޴ĺ챮䣬ǧаħѹ챮£ѹ챮ռ֮ڣµݻ٣ڼȡаħѪ
׵׵Ҫɡ
Ϊϣɾ챮ΰ
ľ󣬲ϳؼ䡣
һҹħѹǵɱ
챮ڵϣһе
̼䣬ǲ֪ħɱ
һӣҹս롣
棬
ҹĿã׷ױŭ
ʱͿһѪ£ɱʱճС㲻ʮһѪ£ͬʱĹǷ𹥻ĹţҲۣܿڷ𶯣һµ˺ۣ·ҪۺƬ
Уڳǣ̤ڳУǾͷ·һ壬ÿһΰĵҹ׶ԣֱͷǵĸͨǰ·ͬ衣ǻǵķâȴ񱩵㡣
һȥʱճӶնϡ
ҹ½ϿգԭȵػߣʮѪ¡ȫǣơ
սѾȻء
¡¡
ڴսʱ
ֻبŴ½룬ɽ£ͻȻ䣬һԷ򻺻̤
һǧɡ
ڶΪɡ
Ѿߴɡ
ءͷһƷ˿·һݺŵƮ䣬ǳڷ顣޴ͫͬգҫءһëӡ
ױȵѹ糱ˮϯء
ҹ㣬޲㤡
̹ţ
̹Ŵ񡣡
̹Ҫˣˡ
Ǹç򣬸̹ţ̹Ÿ
ҹУ޲Ƿ󾪺
һϳݡ
ϣ̹Ϊɣգ֮١Ȩ
̹췢һźֱӿ޾ա
׼
ؼ䣬·һڤڤеĴи֡
һ˲Ȼ£̹ž޴ڡ
Уȫܸ̹ܵڵԲ˼ٶڱǡÿڱǿ벽ףףǷĳ֮ȥ
У̹Ÿϣճ޾ƣøеĽƣԴԴϵһؽһصıǡ
鱦

벽
ңڽڳɱ䡣
ʲô̹ҪʲôҪ
ΪʲôҪôѵҪٵ磬Ҫٵҹ㡣Ҫʲô
ôֹҹ̲㣬ҹ˵ģҲֹ̲㣬ҹѣɾĳѣȼ磬ҹ棬بŲ𡣡
ҹ½ŭ
̹ŵľٶ˲䴥ŭҹĵ̡
ҹ½Ȼܿһ޴ԨУһɿµ־Ʋ񷡣
̹
Ŀã̹ԽԽ޴ͫ
ɳǣǰҹ½ҹ֪Ҵ׵ʵ
Ŀ䣬һ䣬ѾӴ֮У˲ͳգҹ½ȥɳǵԣȫת޼£޼֮Ум䣬ûκδڿԲ˲Ϣ䣬ͳǿս֮һööǳײ䣬һ룬ǳ͹Ťʧ
ɳǿвȻ󣬻ΪϣΪ֣׳һ硣ǳ飬ȫͽСУء
ܿ죬ɳǾͳҹ½Ե
ִ󣬲ûǰҹ½ǿٵĳЩҹ½ƬȥѸٽЩƬУ׳ľ޴룬޼ԣƬ̽˹ȥƬУͿʼбԴ


2306 ׼
ЩƬκһ飬ݻһ磬ͨ磬ٶǧ磬Ǵǧ磬ҹ½̺ҹ½ıԴ̺֮ž˵ķ޾ĵϡκһ磬ǶǳһĴڣǲܵ˵ġһƬˡ
ڣɳǵʴӶᣬԻɡȴ޷֮
λ񼫸ߣԣ֮ĸЩƬеıԴ֮޷ͺǻȡĲƷ
˲Ϣ䣬ϵҶûпٳҶһ̣ͳͳݱȫµأسУıԴԴԴϵӿ룬ŵƵʣ˿ûֹͣ˼ȫŸ߲εɱ䡣
Ѿٳأڷٽгɳš
ϵȫµأߣظɽ󺣣Ѹٵľڷٷܡ
ɱ䣬ɳҲڸɱɳɳǾлԣΪһ壬ڳɳҲζţɳڸųɳӼ̣ճĵϡ
بżƷףڲϵӡ
ϵ
Уҹ½ԵƬƬƾվôʧңÿһʱ䣬һƬƾʧʣЩȫǱɳǸɵ
ǻϣҶȫɡ
Ҫ֪ϵҶǺɳൽ˷ָֹǰǧЩȫΪµĶռ䣬ǣڿʼš
ȫڳСǧɱ䡣
Ҫҹ½ƬڣɱɳͬʱУֻһһҪޱʱлֱۣӶᡣ
ɱ˷Ż
ǹȴʣӶǶôµһֽݾ
ֽݾ£ɳǵĵֱ̣Բ˼ٶӡ
ңɳɣ˿̣ҲԴԴϵţһƬڣֱڻΪ嫵ıԴ
󲹣
Ĵ󲹡
ڵ磬Ҳڷţÿһ̴֣ǡ
ô£Щҹ½ϱƬôʧˡ
㿴ûУҺ񿴵ЩƬĪһʧġʲô̵ˡ
ҲˣƬʧǱô
սУвǿ߷սڱٵһ֣ǳԾǲ죬սȻûиǲʱ䡣ɣһͻ
ң̹ܿŵĳ֣ôȨҪ֮٣ʱһǣΪҹǿߣĳ̹ŷ𹥻ħħսĵתĿ̹꣬ŷ𹥻
ȻЩû̹ţ⣬֪ʱһ޴һʮƷתһйͳͳʧУ·𣬱Ρ
״̬µ̹ţ޵еġ
˿Ժ
̹ԪǺڰ£ȥסΨгѣܵٱ˰
Ŀú̲ס̾
ɳɲ׽ҹƬḶ́һ㶼ʮ־ˣߵƬˣһͳĵطܿսϣ֪Ƭôʧ
ͳͳΪɳǵĵ̡
УԴԴϵҹĵ̡
ڣ֪ȥá
ɳڣϣпٵ磬ȫﵽСǧ硣
ңһ֣ѾڿԵ£ͻƵǧ磬ǴǧĽޡ
ϸĻͻ֣ᷢҹ֮Удǳҹ½ƬһɨգĪĻΪС
࣬㹻ˡ
иܵɳڲϱǵĵ̣һڲϱҹ½ûмɳȻĳŴڵķλ·ء
޼֮д󣬸û˷ɳǵĴڣֻҪ֣˭Ҳ
ټȥֻ¾Ҫҹ̡ܸоҹ½Уһɳ˯־ڲѣһѣ޼ڣֻҲѱܿĸӦʱ򣬷
ܿ죬ɳǾͻص׽ڡ
ڻعͬʱɳǣ֮֡ų޾⣬κεطһ̣ܿɳǣޱȡ

һ쳹ͥ磬ҹ磬
Ǵͥ
ô£Ҫʲô֮ǰѪػڶûп׾ڵʲôӣ֮ǰҲûпͥսֻڽ񣬶Ǳӣ׾һⲻĬϵôôȴֳˡ
ǿߴܣԲ졣
׽һ㣬嶼ǳģԣڴսٲңû˭˵ҪôͥսĻĽϯеĹҪϴ׵İȫҲǱİȫΪˣдǿѪս
ҪսܣҪ䣬ǴͥҲӦһ
һ㣬˶Ĭϵġ
ڴֳʵе𾪡
Ҫʲô
úõĹţʲô
㶼ˣҹǸо죬Щͷԡ
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շ׷췢źͥͬе롣ѾȲҪ׽ͥľڴףɡ
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һ죬Ѿȵ̫ˡǴߵڣڱչУһ꣬գҪʵ֮ͥλ˭Ҫҵ׵ĵ·ǾҪ˭ҹҲС


2307 
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ڤڤеõһָӦ
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2308 ߾ɳ
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2309  ۶
һ̵Уǰδеǿ·һۣ¡
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һۿȥһͳ䣬ƺ˺꣬һС

һڻе׶ˡ
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2310 ҹħ 
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2311 
𣬷ңҹеرݣһ˼£ر棬޾Ļ磬ر֧ţΪ֧ͳ㣬ȻԵ֮ǣû֮Уǿֲ̣ĵԪڣرݱ޷ֵ֮ʴ
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һɳбǳСɲǼ䣬öǳ̳ĵơ


2312 ޵ 󼪡걾
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ʱͿУһʱճڱԴ֣ȻʱճӰסǣǰʵʱճӣͻȻ䣬һ־£ʼתĵ
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