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ط硣


001 
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谵ķط绺ͷ
΢ĹߣԿǰ̻Ҹͷ϶տյ̺Уʣ·Żһ㡣
һϣ̡
֮ǰδһ̡֧
׼ȷ˵ԴӴϾװ֮Ҳûгһ̡֧
ΪζһսԱǾѻֶԣģ

ط˿ڻǵĿߵߣ͸˷䡣
ۣżӳ˶ݵĻ㱡
ŲĿ⣬Ϊصսأ֮¶ŨŨĲᡣ
Ƭ̺˫ۣһڴµĿתߵߣӣḧѵõľװ
װսԱרõģһѡ
Ϊ£֧ûвӷź͹δ֪սӣΪֲӡ
ǻصֲӡ
û֮һ
ڻľ֧ӵֽսԱʥ
طḧ˳žװ壬ᡢ·ڸԼİˡ
ָһŽӲӵѫ£Ǵһ㣬΢΢һСģı
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ʱű졣
طὫѫ·˾װϣȻװš
꣡
Ӧſվˣסطȥ·һӡӳ
Ǹʲô
ط΢ЦʣֻЦЩǣǿ
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ӡǣеʹͬʱطӺݺһ
ӽгͣǵսѣǿսϷĵؽ󱳽Էֵܡ
񣬳ˣԶ뿪磡
ͷڼǰط类ҲֱӵĹϵ
ԷΪְϼѾ˾޷ġطһ˵
ӳҪߣǸһ𡭡һ׷ı顣
Ҫ֣̹ȥѵ
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ΪһԱżǿǿ־սһѪҲһᡣ
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طٴδѵ⣬Щ
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һΣȻתܲ뿪һĽŲ쳹ᡣ
Ŀ뿪طȦҲˣܿ죬ָֻ첽߳ᡣ
񣡡
طĽŲ̤һ̣һ˻
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

𣬰֮ǰڣʮɫ־ˣط羴
Ǻط磬ȥĳͣŷ絨
ܺǲսⱲˣڴ֮гһµ
ৣ
ط˻Ƶ˵ţֱ̧ۣһͬ̿׼ľ
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طȥıӰʮΨһŮԣҧҧ촽һֹģס˿ڵĳ嶯
ſڣһоյԽҰѵȺʱһٽţط߽ʮָӡ
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Ѿעˣαȥ
ط˵ûջؾװѫ¡
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ΪֲӵжӳսСӵĶӳԽߣսΥ˾棬Υ˹ʷпսΪҵˣطͳ˵
ٸһλᣬ㻹ô𣿡ʶʵں־ǰʡ
ѪծѪǰɱӣұǣ
·Ϊӡ֤ɵжһ㣬طӦͬʱյΣŨҵɱ⣬Ǹо޲ٴδȺӶԴ
һ֮ǵȺӶһˣ㲻ᱻһΪӢۣϧ
̾˿֮гϧͬʱɻ󡪡ĸ֯ıӵҶ֣
ĿǰȻһϢȻûе鵽κйǸ֯Ϣ
ҡҡͷȥ⣬ظطʵȷȥ׳ˣ
ұ˽ҲһЩ¡
طʣָ
ðɡ
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طͨ⾵ԼġҡֵܽԶȥ鸴ӡ
ӳô
ĿԶȥʮԱ̲סԼ
ûд𰸡
֪Ȼط뿪ӪôһὫɱ֯ӵĨȥ

׳и󡣡
뿪غԶ֮طջĿ⣬ٴοڵ
˵
ЩȻɻɻط˵ʲô
ܲܽ뿪ʵļˣطջĿ⣬Ťͷɣࡣ
Уǹ涨
ɺܼҡҡͷսֶǻֲӵУĳԱܣһ֪ͨʱ򣬻ʵѵ档
֪ǹ涨ûΪ˱Һ󲻵޷ΪʿҪǲ̫ˣ
طЩ
ȷЩ̣涨ǹ涨οӦ֪ҲǶԶԱ˵һֱսԱڱ߾벻ӽսȾѪݱ¶Լ˶ԽجΣ
ɳ˵ţȻһŷиط磬ǳ͵֪ͨ͸𣬿61㸺͵͵ļСһ񣡡
طԥĬĬӹŷ⡣
ִ׼ʲô
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ûôɡ
طˡ

һȻԡ
ټ׳
ط羴ת뿪
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ûиɣ죬ȻԴߣһˣһǹɱʮӶйӶˡ
ҲûиɣÿִΥ˹涨дõƬ
һ졣
ûڳ͵ҵƬҲûЩȥӶҵƬ

ط类ĵ磬ྩһӵζ˽˻¥
һְҵװŮӣվشǰŽĸ¥úʹϢĳ
Ϧ͸䣬ӳǾպͰ˵Σ·Ϊһɫıɴļ¡
顭顭
Ƭ֮𣬴˷İҲŮӴʵ

Ůӻ³֣ûá롱֣ԭƽӶȻϬ
ѩ㣬˵ط类ӿˡ
һ۾경뷿䣬ߵŮ׵ĵطվ˵
û뵽Ȼһַʽع顭
ŮӽĿͶԶգʣӣƳꡣ
ѩ㣬ѵ㻹ھ᣿
۾ԣ΢΢üԥһ£ʵѡֱһǵĽ־עˡҪΪŮˣֻǱ߾һС
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Ϧۡ
Ů΢΢ۣڣ·ڻӦ꣬
ˡ
۾꣬˵ģûؼҵĹ⻷ʸûУ
͹ˡ
Ůҡҡͷ𽥼ᶨྩԺưԣҵڴߵȣֳΪ˹͹Ψһһδ˭˵һ޳ɣ
˵һ޳ɣֻǾ䲻㡣۾꣬ԥһ˵
꿴꿴ϡţѩ㿴ϵ˲ʧ
Ůվشǰ˫ֳشңԶգǿδᶨһ򲽽Ķؼҵ˱ȥҾ͵ӥϹۣ


002 ֱŮ
ƻ轵٣Ѫ
һྩĸϦ·ɳۣߵľɫϵˣĿϾӡ
һطڿλϣͷŴ⡣
죬뿪Ӻ󣬵һʱ͵ļȡϵ֪͵ѳ˳ǰѧֱӳ˳£ǰȥѰҳ¾
ѡ͸𽻸¾Լеġһ񡱡
¥ɽޡ
ľɫһֱڱ䣬طûջĿ⣬Ժ︡ԼȥھӪĵεΡ
ıǱɫһ㣬һֱڱ䣬бˣЦݣзŭҲг˼
ͷ·ɳĮеһƬޣΧһԵø룬ΧÿʱʱزĿһۡ
ǸһԴϳ󣬾һֱŴ⣬ྩѾȥСʱˡڿʲô
طλ󷽣һŮλϣӣգ˵Ĵ۾֮гź档
Ůһ׼˶
׼Ķ쵰üĴ۾ͦıӣС죬ϰˮ۵ļֵ걬Щݵ߾첻˵һЩΪŮĶŮ˶硣
˴Ȼȴߵֵ֮⣬Ҳħ˫ͦΣϸ̣ͦ˫޳ֱ͸죬һǶˮϣˡ
Ȼǹĳֱƽ̨֪ߣˡһŮһ족
ΪطľٶСʱǰóֻļܣͷ׼ط磬ֱֳӷ˿õ𰸡
ͼŮע⣡
ͷ˿õĴ𰸡
ҲΨһĴ𰸡
𰸣š
Ϊ
ȻΪŲЩ֪Ů˵ֵΣطϳʱһ֮⣬Ҳûпһۡ
ңܹظܵط翴һ۵Ŀƽһ˿ʱ
Ůڸë߰Ȼһֱǿɣ壡
£ˣȥˣ
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ֱƽ̨Ϊ˿ȻģȻǶط翴˰СʱȻ⡣
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Ż𳵽վط˼лعŲһӣĿȻ߿
ʵϣͷȻСٶΪһֱ˼ĸ֯ðűķտɱûд
⣡
֪ΪطͻȻתԵʣΪԼ͵͵ֱֵԭȻͷͻȻһȴûһװֻһװĵӡ
졢֡
Ȼְ͵͵ؿط磬۲ط磬ǹһƽЦݣΪԼӦԵ⡣
ৣ
ৣ
ͬһʱ䣬ŮӣĿ絶һ㶢ط磬Щš
ΪȻڵǣ֮ǰһۿطʱ㷢ط˫Ҫƽ˳ƿʵָؽڱĥƽˣ̫Ѩ΢΢
һУǣطǸӣּΪĽɫ
ľǣطʳָźϼ롣
ǡǾǹı־
ںƽһǹӣԱҹܻһŮѣ
֪һУԴϳ󣬱Ů粽룬ͬʱĿתضط硣
֮ǰطһֱŴ⿴ʱȻҲɻ󣬵طȻעΪط粻ǳȻġ
Ȼ
˿̣ط罫ĿͶȻǲɵظе˽ţ
ҪװˣֻͷСʱ
ط翪ˣֱӴȻ󾵡
㡭ղ͵ң
Ϸ𴩣ȻûоΣЩȡ
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Ȼʲˣ˾ǹŮע⣡
׷Ůü꣬Ů涼ûȴŮڨֱ˻ˣ
ֱķ˿ȻĻֱը˹
ЩΪʲôһֱŴ⿴벻Ȼ͸ֱֳˣͼ÷˿ǸҴ𰸡
ȻЩ˼סͷεؽţͬʱָͨķ϶۲طķӦ
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طüͷ΢΢һɻؿֻĻ
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طһ۾Ϳ˵䣬Ťһ²ӣһ塣
Ļϵ֣
Ȼɫһ䣬˫۵ɵùԲһ˼ؿط硣
ৣ
ৣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ȼӣһ㣬Ѹ
һȻǰһǰֹط翿
ϣ
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Ůڳ֣ˣ
ֱ˿ԭȺ߼˿̿Ȼı׷Ǵ˼Ѫһ㣬޲ȡǰطһ
Ǹʲô
Ȼæ֪ԼϵǴ˵еؼڣÿĹӶܹڴĶһ׷ӣΪ˵ãǲ׽ѵطһ٣ط͵ýҽԺˡ
̣㲻֪Σ𣿡
ап࣬ûֻ֨ضط磬ͼ񾯸ط粻Ҫ
ҲӦδֱǸ
ֹںȻǸؿط磬Ǹ
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ʼգûȥ±ڡ
ι壬ҶǸˣ˲̫С
ۿط粻ǣ뵽֮ǰطĹٶںĵʹ£ȻʶվҪطȥ
С㣬㲻ܡ
±ڣ׷ǿɲ뿴Ȼ뻢ڡ
ÿ
Ȼ΢΢ü³֣ӹɡ
±ڲΪ
ΪڣǵǱ֤ȻİȫȻȻա
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±ԣһɵؿط磬Ȼ˵Ĳ޵
Ȼֱطȥ
±ԥһ£û
壬ôСĺô
ȻֱߵطԱԴǵʵǸоܺߡ
Ҹô
طʵΪ˴˰̫ܹŵȻеŮ㡣
ٸӦ
û뵽طôʣȻһʱЩ
ðɣŮҾ͵ղŵûҲϲΧۣͲҪѾͷˡ
ط̲סҡҡͷǰȻǸŮƽʱˣǸҪӦ
壬ھͷء
Ȼضط磬ﶼǷѾ˼ڨطڨطȴһԸӡ
⡭ЩӦ
ŮͷûҲֱ棬ķ˿ҡطָָԶֻ
㶼ģŲ㣡
Ϫõ԰ұ֤㣡
ֱķ˿طĻ͵ˡ
Ů˵Ұ§뻳Уķ˿᲻ɱң
ЩŵĻۿȻûйصֱ˼طζʵ
국ң
Ȼķ˿ֱӱߡ
ˣòҪԡ
һ±ڳ档
Ȼ
Ļ˵ꡣ

һ
ΪֱһŮȻطס


003 ȾѪ
ΪȵļûйȥȻֻһİɫȹ
˿̣طסܹظܵطƴ类УһһԲĴһ㣬һһҲҶ
Ϧӳ˵ӣ˿ؿϳţ
ԭֻΪطڿЦȴû뵽ط羹ȻǸʵɼңڣֱסȫںͷĻᡭ
국ſȻŮ񣡡
£ɱˣ
ۿĿеŮطסֱķ˿Ǳȵβ͵èƵģֱըëˡ


ͬʱ´󺺣Լͬسط磬ٶȼ졣
Ǹ쵰ˣ
Ϊ֤Ǹ쵰ᣬֱյȣ
±ڳط磬ֱķ˿һĥȭƵģоԼҪֱطһ
ͬʱطһνĿͶ±ڡ
һۡ
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ʻɲ˫복Ħһ졣
ΪʶһǳҪ⡪ȻطϣطȻô죿
ſȻС㣬ұ֤޷߳ڳᣡ
±վھط粻һ׵ĵطĿ絶һ㶢ط磬ɱΡ
Ů˵ϲΧۡ
طû±ڵвûȥˣȻȻԸеС͵һССĳͷɡ
£طȻšһ¡

һܽӴȻԭʮ־ִٲ˿̱طšʱһҲ˲糺һƬ
ţ
ͬʱطȻһװĵӣڳڣ΢Цų
֣طһ
ƾ䣬Կ϶֮ǰûڳֹ
ңؿ߹УᣬƵʺܿ졣
ⲻһҵʿеı֣
ݡ
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һĻӰ˿ȫΧÿ;ֵĿ⣬΢ЦȻ
Ϊõľȷ鱨Ȼ˴ֻڡ
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ΪˣӿѾڣΪɴ˴ûκ
ৣ
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ӵĻȻŵú䶯˵ʲôȴһҲ˵ڣģٶȼ졣
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ӵвط˻Ӧ˵һ΢飬赭д

طĻȻԭĽͻȻһһ㵵ؿط硣
Ȼڿ־£ʶرط磬ѹȫûطðΣձ
ȻΪοӣ
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ԣһЦһֿ׳յĿ⿴ط硣
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طûӣȻļ
Ȼʶɿ˫֣Ȼؿطվһ
طıӰȻֻǿ·һɽһ㣬ȻδйİȫУҲɢĵĿ־벻
ţ
طһ̷ط볣˵ĲͬеһεѹȸУ޿ֵı鵴Ȼ޴档

ӵͫ׶ȻĿͣطϣ׼ȷ˵ͣǸϡ
뱻طָʳָţȾѪĿģ
ȻͿĨҩ൱ͨҩüҩԣطָû˿ڣҩ޷ڣ㲻Σա
ôϣ
Ŭѹе𾪣ԼֵһЩǷ۽Ǽĵʵ״ţ
ͷſλ£һŰ߽ȥѡһ
طʣӹɡ


004 һƷ
⣡
طĻܵطĿеĲмͷһиӵĲ
ֱƵģһƵǹ֧䲻ǹ֧֮һٶȼ죬ҲᶴȻڵˡ
֣οϲûѪ
Ҳ˵ûο
ôֻһֿܡ
룬Ǳطֽסģ
⡭ôܣ
뵽ֻͷƤЩ顣
ɱֽĸ֣Ҳδܹһ㣡
񣡡
ӵϣֱ˾
ǸٲߵĻͺ뿪ˡ
˿̣վ̨ϼûÿˣг
һгӣ
񡭡
ΪԼԴһָܹסֱ°Ȼ
ಣ
뵽Ӳٵ飬תȱӡ
˵㲻Ҫߣ
طһһΣͬһ㣬׷ӡ
ݡ
طĻӦط׷͵ػͷֱ̧ϵİťٴκХӭط硣
ৣ
ط·ԤϵӻƵģŲͣһֶָ
ﬣ
ײڿоҵײһ𣬿µһײĻ𻨣׷ڵء
⡭
һĻӷ·һ㣬ŵýһڵء
ಣ
طһһ㣬˲ٽӡ

ӽһᣬ͵ͣ½Ųת˳ƻӳΪնطš
ն
һ䲻⣬ٶȼ죬˷ʤ
Ȼ
ط·׼ѸٻӳǰӲԷֵ
飡
촫ֻԼֵһӲĸְϣµķ㽫ֹϡ
ʱ

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طһƷӣ
׹ѣëէ𣬴ͷһ
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飡
ӣطһţֱӽӵԴ߽λ£ų棬ǹ̶޷
ͬʱһİ
ղһУƸӣʵڶ̶̼ʱÿǻûӾлع
ÿǷ׷Ŀɿڴؿط磬УһЩűͷſŵơ
Ȼͬľط磬һ
ҲþţͽѾƷΣˡط绷ܣĮı飬΢Ц˵

طĻطº͵ЦݣΧÿ;ǳһظһδģ
лллңȻع˵
ⲻղŵķ񰡡
ط羶ֱߵȻߣ£Ц˵
Ȼû˵ʶؽĿͶ±ڡ
ıֻǱˣΣաط翴Ȼĵġ
룿
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ţֻЧ˲طͷ
ллأû¡
Ȼظ˿
£첽ߵ±ԣ˷λϡ
ţ
һĻطЩȣû뵽ȻȻߵıڡ
ȵͬʱҲóȻ򵥵ĸ񶷣ͨŮһЩ򲻿ܽ׳
ڷ֮Ȼߵ֮ǰλϣֱֻжϡ֮ǰһ±ڵصʱӣҷļܣֱжϡ
ûٿֱ˼󣬲ͨһ绰
Űۣ㱦Ůֱ˵ˡ
绰ͨȻ赭дؽԼܵ˵һ飬м͵٩ĸо֮ǰʱֱˡ
һĻطЩ档
ٴθлղžҡ
һӺȻͨߵط£µҽȻٵȻȻ
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Ȼ޷εĺ£طЩ⣬ҿղŴ绰ʱѾˣôֺˣ
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ĸף
Щ龰ʱΪ֮ȥجΡ
ÿһجоѵҹڴǣ˫ֻԼĬĬᣬ죬Ҫñٴݡ
ֻ֮ᣬָЦǸڸסʦͬѧͷ˿ʻõľ顣
ûֵЦݣĵӰø׵ġ
ϵģ챣ӣñٴݡ
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005 ֵ
طȻͬʱ˾ֳǹϵ˳ᣬһʱ˽
˾·ǰ·Ź񻮵˹ϵͳ칫صгÿһгͨ䱸˾˻൹ࡣ
Ϊһûʲô̫׵ĴͽֻץһЩС͵˾Ĺ̾ؾҪɡȫö࣬ͬģҲҪһЩ
һ£֪ľ˾һĺ¡
ǹҪλĻҲǻɥģ
ͬ־ллΪ롣
֮࣬һ˾ߵطߣ˫֣Ǹм˵

طס˾֣ѵְҵɱ֣ڰͽǰ
ְҵɱ֣
ĸ֣˾ɫٴһ䣬Ӷطмˣ
ϾǵǹҲδؿԶԸְҵɱ֣пܻϣ
мͬʱҲطЩ档
Ȼ
棬ûжʣЩ˼˵ͬ־Ϊ˵ľг˶վ󣬻λһ£һ±¼
á
ط΢ЦͷʾԸϡ
ʮӺ
һطгٽ붫վ
طȻǰ˳ſڣ³׼
˾ҲѺɱվһԡ
ΪԷһ˾طĽ飬ǹнɱˣһģһ룬Ҹνرա
ţ
󣬾͵гͣȵͬʱط͸Ȼվ̨վŽʮˣΪӪ
һӪǾ죬ܹˣһŮĸ³һӢˬĸо
һӪһȺ´վһװӵ
Щ󺺸Ŀࡢ뺷ۺɷ߶ӱֱǹĿ⾯ؿܣһѵء
ΪװӣüͷɫĮһֲŭĸо
ӦȻĸס
طţȻֻһŴ򿪣˾ѹɱ³ֱ졣
Ȼ
ͬʱװӿ첽ߵſڣһѽ³Ȼ˻С
ԲȻְӦȥġ
װȻĺ󱳣Ǹ˵š
ⲻû
ȻЦţȻװӵĻָָط磬֣ڵ绰˵ҵǸˡ
ৣ
ȻĻװӣ۾Ӻʮ´󺺣׷׽ĿͶط硣
ط޳˫ۡĥƽĹǽڡϼԼ͹̫Ѩʱ۾Ӻʮ´󺺵ͫ˲
СֵܣллŮ
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֮ͣؿ
طһװӵ֣ܹظܵԷĹǽںƽǾȭµġ
ţ
طĻطںı飬װһףԷӦû֪ݡ
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ܶӳŮȻûˣܵ˾ţ̫ȶ˼άҲ̫ȴȥͷȥ¼㿴ô
װɿط֣ͷľ˵ȻѯʵĿǣȴһӹɵĸо
õģܱǸ飡
ܶӳ˵ͷȻƴظԵŮʹɫŮװӵͷ˵
Ϊ֪Լλ骵Ů֪ĸˣԴӽ֮̾󣬱ڰеװӣͼҳװӵ۵㣬װӰ⵹
װƶİۼʲڣǶΨһĻɫҵ

ǳĵװӵơ
Ժŵ˵װֻҪţĵҪ
ڶ޵ĵλսʱڵĶ¿ͻƽ١
һۣһС԰⵹ģ
СֵܣҽŰۡ
ŰûȥܶӳóһŴƬݸط磬ҵƬԺڶʲô£ʱҴ绰ܰģҾʮã첻˵ģҾʮȡɣ
ˡ
طܹܵŰ۵Ϻ͵ȴƽҡҡͷûȥƬ
ţ
һĻŰ۵£ܶӳˣһ
Ϊ
Ƕ֪ڶޣжԵõŰԷƬΪ٣õߣ޼
Ű۵ĳŵ
һΣֵ


006 û
ҹĻ٣޺ƵĹâ˶ĴСΪķзŻ˽࣬ǰѹ֡Ϣ
ҹĻ£֪԰һƬ
ȫгеĸһ԰ķȻǰһգԵú壬ټĸֻвһıŵƹ⡣
ţΪʲôطһȥ¼
԰һȻһ˯£ڿɳϺȲŰʵ
СٳƺŰΪףһ㶼Ǻš
ҵܵţϢڱ¼ɸȥͺˡŰ˵
ⲻûҲǵһˣôܵţȻɵ˵

Űԣ̲ס̾˿
Ȼ𳤽ϰĴۣȻҪԴ
Щ˶ΰɱ˶
ңмΣȻҲڳ
ҲΪʲôϧؽȻӶڵԭ
ֻû뵽ǣȻˣȻɲ˲⡣
ţطǼһûϵʽҲûнƬһ᲻ȥֵĻǼˣȻʵ
Ű۷ʡ
ţ
ȻԣһͷĪһԾŵؽ͵ңӦллҲҪԶٷ
ţһͷᰲš
Ű۵˵ͷüͷȴһ
͸ط磬ֱǸطһΣյˡ
ϣԼŮطߵ̫ϣ˽Ҫн
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ȻղŵķӦûӹ۾
Щ
ʮӺŰ۽Ȼ͵ſڣȻת߽Ⱦͷ鷿
鷿۾ѵȺ򣬼Ű۽ţæš
֮ǰŰһȥվȻ֮һʱ䶯һйϵɱֵϢ
ī𣿡
Ű̴ľǰȼһ֧߿ëǮһеĺ˫ϲ
˫ϲӵײ˻ʱ̡
ޣȻֻ˫ϲ
ʮһգ
磬лΰŻа·аԣαװͲ׽ʱǹ֪ɱ֮һԳδʧֹīЩء
Ű۴½ɽԪϣ䵱žʦĽɫȻ֪Ű۵һЩͷû뵽ԷȻ´˺֡
ȻأŰʡ
ֻƾƬʱ鲻κϢ
īҡҡͷءζʲô
Ŷ
Űԣ΢΢۾ͷû
һĻīûٿ
Ϊ֪Ű۵ϰߡ
ÿŰʱ򣬾ͱ˼Բܴš
īô
ӺŰֹͣû棬īʵ
ֵʱҹ۲һ£ܽʵ˱ըԵ˫۱ͨ˳ǽںƽʳָԵϼ롣
īżطʱĳ˵Լļ⣬ЩϢƶһˡֹܹаȻʵǿӦ־ˡ
־˵ĻͺˡŰ̾˿
磬˼ǣīһŰۻֲָҿ϶
һԵݳȥƬˣҪô֪Ƭ壬Ҫôһǣۣ֮⣬һֿܾǹװɵ
Ű˵ţ̲סȻʧЦˣḴӺͼһЩԸҵĲ²ⲻ档
磬ҪҪ˸١飿īԥһʵ
һ֣޹ؽҪϾȻûе⣬˺ȻûҪݾߡ
Ű۰˰֣ȻȻת䣬˸ǡ飬ǲ޶ԡ
Ҳģȵ鵽Ļˣһᰲ˻Էһݴ񣡡īԣһ˿⣬ص
š
Ű۵ͷָʾ⣬ȥһ̾ӣϾһ±¼ͬʱٴθлһǸط磬ܶԷҪҪлҪ
ף
ī˳鷿
Űµȼһ֧˫ϲţԺطһС

ͬʱ
к罭̾ӡ
ط类û˱Ȼ󱻴һѶҡ
Ů٣¼ӦòѶҰɣ
ط粽ѶңŸİ׳ƺ·ϻʣŤͷüʵ
ѵ
شطһ죬ѶҵӦرա
㾭֣ԾֵĲֺ˽Ⱑ
骱˵Ȼ֪ѶǾʵʵʲôشʲô
ȷûи
ط΢΢üΪǾʧְС㱻ְܣҼʱֹȴҪѶ
Ǿǣôϻ
طĻûŰڳվʱĻüͷһЦΪ٣ƭƭ׶԰ĺУﻹƭˣ
ƭˣ٣ҿǴˣҪڷҡطЩĪ
ž
طĻüһǰӣҸ㣬ҪΪŰ۱㣬Ϳ޿֣
Ҳ㣬㲻һĽͣҸû꣡
طüͷһ̬ȸǿӲ


007 ߼
ͣΪʲôѶ𣿡
طǿӲ̬ȣûлðɣԴǵ˵ݷɹ涨Ͼ鰸ʱΪ24Сʱͣ𣿡

طһǰŮֱһͷĸʨӣǿ͸©żֽƻ֪κù

骷¼űʣʵ
֤УԼῴ
ط翿ǽϣбۿ骣ɢػӦ
Ҹ㣬̾ӣøʵ㣬ʲôشʲô
骵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ǰʥŮ͵һȾˡؼ̫ˣ
ط磬سأķ硣طʶɨһ骲ķͣڻص
䣿
طĿ⣬ûӹ骵۾ʮջ𣬵û
ʮġ
ְҵ
ü¼ٴʵ
һΣطûп
ְҵ
̧ͷͬʱطԭɢϢȻ޴棬ȡ֮ǳء
ҵ񡣡
·ֻһ˲䣬طָ֮ǰɢģڴ
㣬ϣûô
ûطϢ仯ȻڶǱȦĺ֡ǰһƷ֣˵ҵ񡪡㵱ûô
ȷʵشԡط̹Ȼسһ㡣
㡭˵ʲô
骶شԡĸ֣Ҳòᣬֱվָط硣
ƷֺҵʲôֱӹϵôѵҵͲܻṦˣСʱȥ֡䵱üʦѧչУطȫ骵ŭ⣬ʵ
ֱؿط磬û˵
ΪҲĵطȷʵûʲôֱӹϵ

һʵŰʲôϵ
ûϵ
طһѶԼŰйء
֮ǰڸվʱ骿ŰĿ¶ĺ⣬۵ס
ûϵðΣվŮ
ЦӸվֵ·ϣһֱ˼طΪξܾŰ۵ƬΪ˫ɣӶĻɡ
ѧʱʦҪΪѧϰ׷ðʲôԣ
ȻǳŰȥģط粻ǷУ٩骡
ٸ컬࣡Įضط磺Ϊ㲻˵ҾͲ鲻
顣
طʼ磬һνӡ
顭
ʱ
꣡
Ӧ֮ǰһͬȥվһо˽һϡ
骣ֵϣлΰŻаɱȦӵˣԴӳûʧֹû뵽ˡ
о˵ţϷŵ骵ǰطһۡ
طĻץסΰԲһ׵顣
أ
ûзֻΰϣǸطϡ
ĵܼ򵥣׼ȷ˵һ仰оıЩŹ֡
һ仰üͷһʲô
ûȨޡ
оıЩŹ֣̾ΪҪĲţڵ鵵Ȩ޺ܴȴûȨ޵ط磬ֻ˵һ⡪طݺܲһ㣡
־ˣ
оĻһµʲô
ͥڹڣֻ˵ݵϢ޷飬ҪȨһǴ쵼һǾܲӵˡ
طֻжʮ꣬Ǵ쵼ֻеڶֿˡ
£
طĪرѶкǲˬϣ
㡭Ϊܲ۵ģͿ޿ˣҸ㣬㲻˵Ҳܵ鵽Ц
ԡ
طЦˣʵںܺ棬ĵ
ʵж˻ش
طоעУóֱֻӲͨһ绰
Ҳһˣط磬ܲӵġ绰ͨ骿żɽ˵ӹɡ
ţ
һĻоط綼ЩȻ
ǰԼ˵ǲӴԺģδ֤ʵ񼸺Կ϶Բ١
ط硭
ڲϣȨ޵ܲӵ˿ɲࡣ
ΪһˣװǸǹڹ͹ģȴһΪе
ͨͷѵ
Ů٣СҸ̰
Ȼ骵Ļ̶ܴ뵽骵Ŀģط絹Ҳûз𣬶бۿ骣㻹ʲôҪʵûеĻҿˡ
𣿡ü
塭
ʱѶϵĵ绰ˣԵø̶
ι
ץ绰ܲá
骣ۼŸܲīѾԸܰ˱¼Ǳ߲ҪˣǸط뿪绰ͷܶӳָʾ
ܶӡͼ˵ʲô
Ҫ֣ܶӳ骵Ļ
յ
ҧҧջǾֲģֱضط磬ҪΪŰ۵㣬ûˡҸ㣬ҶˣǧҪץ㷸֤ݣұ֤ͽУݻ˶Ժأûʲôܿԣ
ˡ
骵Ļ£ֻ𶯵
ֻʾĺ룬骹طһۣǸо·˵˵
طЦãΪŮ˲ôִŵĻͷһء
ͬʱҲЩ桪骵׺ŰʲôޣΪʲôһҪ⵹Űۣ
鵽𣿡
骰½ĿƬ̲ط磬ͼͨطı仯ʲô
ûС
һ̣Ͳдһ˴ԣ骣Էĵܼ߼𣬳˽еļ׳Ȩѯ
㡭˵ʲô
˼һ㣬ͫ˲ŵϳ𾪡
Ů٣ټ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģطװģһƣȻҡڵ߳Ѷҡ

ŻͲؿطȥһһܣ


008 겻ɢ
֪ǱĽŵˣΪܶӳû׷ȥط뿪ˡ
ǸҪҪûҹˣõˡ
īվ̾ӵİ칫¥ǰط米Ű߳æӭǸ˵
лл
ط΢΢һЦ֪Լô骵ľīкԵʡ
˵ллǡ
īҡҡͷȻӦûûԷɣĻԶٷ
ˣһ¡طҡҡͷ
µԿ϶ŰȻһλ󸻺ԲɾҲִҪŰۡ
һ£ŰйĽ
ðɣҪ͹⡣
ۿطܾīҲûм֣Ҫȥ£ɣ
ÿ
ط΢΢һЦٴԾܾ
Ȼˣæٻᡣīԣ΢Ц֡
ټ
طīգܹظܵīҲϼ룬ʳָָвģжϳīˮ׼͡
ֽīٴ΢Цʾ⣬ȿһS600뿪ˡ
طҲûͣ߳̾ӵĴԺ˿ʱ䣬Ѿŵˡ
ԭطļƻִﶫȰݷø׵ѣöԷæڶѧһݱĹԱ
ٽɸط簲ŵһǸ͵֪ͨ͸
Уָ
·ϣһֱ˼ϴεԽ˼ԽһıѾõľ֣ĿڽսСһ򾡡
Ȼʧˣ˲صĴۣ˵õ˳¾Ƭһ뾡һа취鵽¾ϢȻͨ¾ʲô
ΪˣҪαװݣб¾ֱĻĵȻ󽫵һ򾡣Ϊͱ
⡭
Ϊʱطֻøı⣬ȥݷø׵ѡ
ţ
һڴϣطȻԼİţϰԵرž裬ظоԼ˿ˡ
ԷʻһJeepˣͣͣʼձһľ룬һĸپ飬طԣĸֶ̫Ͷˡ
Ů˻겻ɢ
طͻȻͣ½ŲװϵЬؿԼ骣̲סЩ棬׺ŰжŻôִţ
ҡҡͷطʲôҲûƵģǰߡ
ԼĪʮӺط緢ȻԼ룬һΪľưȥ
ưǶһ֪ưɣ׼һߣ˼ѷֱϽ֮ǿһЩһ¥ҡɵDJMCǴӹ߼ƸģDSһɫģȫǾרҵѵģеļǲμӹʢ۵ģΣʵߡ
ֻǾŵӣưſڵͣ㳵Ϊܳ洦ɼ
Ժŵ˵þưɵĹʹģĻưſȫԿһͳչ
ΪطǲģطĴ̫ͨߵưſڵʱ򣬳ΪſڰԱעĶ
ûⰲԱӵĿ⣬طƳ󣬷骿ҡҡͷȻֱ߽˾ưɡ
ӭ٣
طһţʮƷĳŮ׷׾Ϲʺá
ϹְҵЦݣʱǰķɼ̲סҪĿ
طûȥʮŮǰǵ˵ķ羰Ŀбӵ
Ϻãȥһ¥ȥ¥ϰ
ʮŮֱӺ󣬸Ӵ߲Ÿ߸Ь첽ӭ΢Цʵ塣
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ܿ죬Ůߵ·£طͨ󣬽һ¥ҡɣMCĺžƾζζˮζͺζĻǿȥ洦ɼŨױĨŮɡ
طߵİ£ڿϣһƿƵķؼӣһڱ㷢Ǽپƣֻֻһơơ
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طһһСƿơһȻſڣԼ
·Ϊ˻ӦطƵġ
һ̣עУ߽ҡɡ
°ȥ˾һɫTһɫ̿㣬´һ˫˶Ь˳˽к˶ϢȴβסȻģʵɽ壬ֵ걬ֱɱЩŮɡ
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ţ
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ܿ죬߱غˡ
һ߶һƿʼߵǰָָһȻͷ˵˾ʲô
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ûָĿһۣ뿪ˡ
һĻüȥ骴ڨͷ
֮⣬вٴڨ骵ʱ˳ֵĴ㣬ѡ
ŷؼӵѯĿط磬Ǹо·˵磬ͻʼڶؾˣ㻹ô
طߵͷȻһƿơơ
߼طͷֻӲͷƤżٷؼߵǰ֮ͬǰһָָطڵĵط
㶺ô
һĻЩڨ骵ˣ׷׽ĿͶط磬ĿеıĺͳΡ
Ȼ
һ̡
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Ϊܾʼڵ骣طͳķؼӡ
⡭ʲô
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ûд𰸡
һıУطų˵ơƣնʾ⡣
骶ƱһĿʼû뿪ط硣
谵ĵƹ£Ŀԣ


009 ֱǵû
ģôһ椣ȻǸȻ
骺طոɱЩԭ骡֡ǣһĽʺޡ
ΧһЩŮ̲סĿͶط硣
֮оưŮɣҲѵĹ
ղţ骵ĳ֣һ貵飬ȫǵĹâ
һ£ʵںܺ棬ļƷŮ˻ᱻʲô˵֡
Ż谵ĵƹ⣬ǿطǷӺڵļҲطǳըԵͬʱܵطǹŨҵ֮
һ࣬ưɵԵø롣
ͬģ;ưЩɢϢСγ˽Ȼķ
ŮϲС
ưЩŮɿطʶжϡ
ΧĽʺ޺ŮɡҶáͬʱطһһСƿơͽӣȻĿջأƿơ
ԣ߰æ;ƣֻüپƳͷ֮ǰľˡ
ƺȾƣѹûзƿؼǼٵģʧȥ骸աȤ
ţ
һĻüӿһֱϷˣĸо
Ϊˬ
֮ԸطһΪ֮ǰ̾ѶұطϷˣЩˬһسӡ
֮⣬þйϵ޷鵽طĵʵòᣬȷϣطǷ֧ġӣ
ΪҪǣ֪ԾӢӵط磬ΪλŰйϵ
ԣط¶ܣ̲סȥ̽
ȻԼطϷˣˣûг嶯ʲôָԼһؼӣ׼ѧط
һĻΧЩעط骵Щ죬֪ݵһûǼѡ
ͬʱҡλˡ
ط硢骽ҡɲͬ˲ߴ·һӴ·
ƺǹưɵһ߼ǾϹʺá
ӶԴӶֻǾְظ˴·ϵЦǽһ飬ͷ·幬ūźһ㡣
٣ȻĩƯﲻ١
Ϊư֮һһǰ·һ߳һڵ˵
ԼĪʮӣһƣϴһٴֱһƷƻִ
ļ۸һ𣬳˰
Ⲣźԭ
ưΪ׼һ߾ưɣĿ˲ȱٺ˽Ӵ٣ûڹ
֮һΪλٵĸڶ̽Ҳϵ̨棬ǿܹżǰΪҪΪٸʮ˵ãǶ֪֮һ
ң˵ĸ׺͹ưɵĻϰ塢̲ĴŰĪ֮д׷Ű۵ǧȻ
죬һȺưѰ֣֮һ
ԭڶ¥һĴǰλپЩǮ͹Χģû˼Ѱ
Ưǲ٣ȥƵġݻױġƹ¿ģмƯ֣
Ƽΰ˿ûиΪưܵӣĿɿɨ
ţ
һ̣Ƽΰһ˶װ骣ǰʱһ
٣λŮƯĳƺɣ
˳ŻƼΰĿ⿴ȥ骺ҲǰһЦ˵
ϻȥþƣصģ
ƼΰַֱŹ⡣
ϣ
ˬػӦţȻֽһߣԸһ
ܿ죬߱ƿưصķĳׯļǰ
٣ˡ
ܽӹ̣ڵЦݲ
ûܣƼΰƿصĺƣֱ骡
Ůƣ֪ûʱ䣿
ܿ죬Ƽΰƿصĺߵ骶棬һϵķؼӣ¶һΪ˵Цݡ
ÿ
üͷƼΰסߡ
Ů
Ƽΰ뵱棬һ椵ĺϷȴû뵽˲ӣ鵱һ䣬ûзٴοڡ
㵲סˣӣ򣬺Ը
üͷظˣҲ֮
㡭
Աͱ裬ƼΰЩջ𣬵Щ骵ڿʲôתһȻڲԶط硣
ţ
ֻһۣƼΰطЩ죬ϸһʱԼںδط硣
ڨʧܵŭ⵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮˷ܣ
Ժ󣬲ٿڣƼΰ뿪ֱط˹ȥ
ط״Щ棬û⣬ںȾơ
ǲྩĸгϣ
Ƽΰߵطǰżɽʵ
ǣ
طԣЩɻһ룬µʲôֲȷ
ǲྩĸгϣֻҪشǣ߲ǣƼΰٴοڣʮְԵ
йϵôطüԷĿܲˬ
û㣡İҼ
ƼΰԭطĻشܲҪ͵ؿطıЦ٣̫СˣȻײ㡪һ˰ɣ˲ǵˣ
ţ
ȻƼΰĻԶЩɻɻطΪλǵƼΰ
طǼԿ϶ƼΰԼ磬붼ǽȻֱǵĻ
Ҳأ
طҡžƿЦЦ˵
㡭
ƼΰҪ𣬵طǳըĿһطڸ޾Ȼıڣʱһ飬ûǿ첽ߵһͷˮǰǼһڸϷȻǿסȥٻ㱨һ
ԭ§Ȼˣ
ƼΰĻ竻Ȼ
Сӻòͷô
Ҳ˻ƼΰĻһȻһֿ׳յĿ⿴ط硣
ͬʱҲԼ˻ƼΰĻһȤؿط磬Ǹо·˵ǧҪץѱ


010 §
ưܹ㣬һ¥ΪӴҡɣ¥Ϊᣬÿһİװ޷񶼲ִͬ͹ŵ䣬ʽŷʽӦоС
װ޷֮⣬ÿһ¥СҲǲͬġ
ŷʽ¥㣬СһɫĴʽװ޷¥㣬Сһɫĺͷлвձӡ
¥ǹŵǹүСãһɫƴΡ
֮ˣΪƴǹŴ֮ΪŵģŮ˿ԺܺõչԼġ
¥һᣬһֻйͲá
Ϊ̲֪֮һڹưȫƵϹͣڵѡ
ο׺Ű˽
Уڳɳм䣬ǰƿ۸ﵽλغƣԵ
ߣֱŽ꣬ʮƷģŹװԣ˵ơֽ͵֮⣬ϣִۣռѡ
֮⣬Ҳż͵
Ƕǹưɵĺƣ˵ĴҲ֪СȦӵĺġ
ǵļУÿưɶӡ
Դˣһʼܲ죬ɹӣֱǰòż֪һֱ׷ưĻϰǧ
٣һ
һһļƷģžƱǹŴŮźһ㣬ǰžƱһ˵Цݡ
̧ͷǰŮһۣȻ׵еľƱ

һ죬ˮŮһŪױݡ

ͻһĻŮһʶؼһ˵ϡ
ᰲ
ž
һ̣һߵŮǰ˦һƣŮһӡģʲôҲپƣ
ҡ
Ů˱ˣǲؿǰꡪʹɫĸҸƣ
ȡ
͵׼ֵʱ̧ͷһۣƺҪ꿴һ㡣
һۣȴŵһ⣡
٣ҡ
ˡˡ
ڽʲôû˵꣬㱻ֻ𶯵ϡ
꿴һǰ𶯵ֻʶȤؽĻʻ˶
ֻͨ
٣һ¥ҡɿ˽§ɩӵǸ˵绰ͷƼΰվҡڴ˷ܵ˵
˷ܣΪ֪ҲȻֱƵܲãưɺȾƷй
һ£жôҪ
ȷ
ǰȻһʶվ
٣ȷ棬СءƼΰĵ
ãҶˣ
˵ţֱӹҶϵ绰Ȼ󲽳ȥ

һĻ꣬˵׷վȥһȺµģ
٣ôô磿
һӺ󣬵ߵݿڵʱһŴͷĿӭ
ǹưɵľ˹ư֮⣬ÿҪԳдһЩͣӭǱر
иȻȥѵͣ½Ųûӡ
һӵ죬ԼΪȻ鴫ȥôŰ۶
֮⣬ǵطڸг޾ȻڣӦǸӲӣԼ߶һȺɫͿӵ竣ûѵط磬Ҫ˳ֲС
ʲô˷С㣿
ԣһ¶׹⣬٣ȷģ
ȷ˾һ¥ҡɡͷ
Ҹȥ
Ȼһɷֱó˶ԽСߣһ¥ҡſڵš
ӵĻ¶һ˿ײЦ
Ӻһһͬҡſڡ
٣
磡
٣
ҡſڣ˻Ƽΰ֮⣬ʮĴ󺺣ǼӺ󣬷׷ʺá
˻ɣʵ
٣أƼΰͷ
٣ţȥ˴洦
˵ȻҪѵȻˣҲģӰ콵͡
ǼһֲºѴѵ
Ŷ
ԣüͷ𣬳˼ӵߣҵҪ·ɣС㶼ҷ񣡡
£һȣʮ󺺺ͻƼΰ٣߽ҡɡ
ţ
˽ҡɺ˺ߵע⡣
طҲˡ
УطһЩ˷ܣ̲סطһۡ
骵Ŀ⣬طûκαʾٴδһƿơƣš
ܿ죬˽طڵĿΧ
Сӣ˵ҼС㣿
ΪưɵľçδֱӶ֣ȷǷôһ¡
С˭طžƿʵ
ȻС㣡һɷŭĿɡ
§ô
طҡžƿɷʵ


011 ӿڳ
ģô
һΣڣȷˣıޱȣǺ仰
׷ȻѾüˣֶûطȴ§Ȼһ޿ֵӣܲѻ
СӣҲòĵҼҴС㣬ܵưҲһŭ⣬˵䣬һӣŪ
ҶľǾ죬ȷҪ֣
ΧĴǳ֣طָָĵط˵
֮ǰֻı鱻ط羡۵ף֪ڿϷͬʱץİѱԸ
ôˣҶ£˰ľվԵĻƼΰڵ˵
֮ǰȥڨ骱ѵ⣬һӻֻΪطûз𣬴˿̼طһˣ¾̲סˣ
٣һ˾Ҫǵľ⵹Űۣ
ƼΰĻطЦ˵ŵúܴ
⵹Űۣ
Ȼط仰ƼΰһǸо˼顣

ͬʱҲɵˡ
ȻʶŰۣ˵Ӱ
ǶŰڶʲô
Ҳһ㵣
ǶɵˣοȸŰۻ췹Եˣ
ɲǼ䣬ЩԭҪطֵĴ󺺣Ǳʩħһ㣬׷׶ԭأӲɴ۾һŵؿط硣

ΪǶţһССľŰ۵£
Ҫ˭ľ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģһŭ
һŭ˹

£˫ָ̽צ״ץסǰ󺺵ĲӣӥСһ
ͻһĻ׳Ӳ˷
ৣ
׳˫һ˦Ƕһ㣬˶һԡ

һĻڵˣһı顣
Ψطһ
Ȼûк骽֣ҲóǸ񶷸֣ھٮٮߡ
Ҫҵľ
骰ض׳ǰ۵ضŻƼΰʵ
Ȼ֪طڹ⼤棬ʵܲ˻ƼΰǾ仰
Ǿ仰о죡
ҡҡ
Ƽΰһţ֧֧ᣬûһ֡
ŵˡ
һ棬طǾ䡰⵹Űۡŵòᣬһ棬骸ղŵı뺷ٶҲʵŵ
һԲϾͿɣ
ֻҸͷ
ۿƼΰҿˣ骵Ҳûгֽѵֻǳ档
ŮҲ̫˰ɣüͷػ
ȻҲǾ䡰⵹Űۡòᣬ㵹Ϊط˵ģҲָֻսûõͷ࣬Ϸ򣬶Ŀ԰⵹Űۡ
ϾŰڶ̲޵ݡλҪ˵һССľ죬Ǿһ˵仰Ҳ
֮⣬ȦӵĺģȻûƼΰԼƤӵ±裬պô쵼Ȧӣ
˵ʲô
ԣ䶢
Ůÿ¶ô죬Ƣֻ˵һ仰ҪͷƢδ̫˵㣡
˵Ϊ̲Ĵ֮һûһССľ
Ļظһԡ
һЦǿƣǸоֻҪ˵Ǿ仰Ҫͷ
ţ
ǿ骲ڿЦüͷ壬䶢骣һʱûлӦ
٣ֻһССᣬǲûð˼
ھ潩ֵʱˣ㿴˰ɣǵûˡ
ȻҲΪǰĸҰ⵹ŰۣҲó骲ڿЦΪ˲þʧأֻÿԲ
ҳԣ˵СĻӿڳ
ɨһȦˣ
ȻҲ֪ΪԷһ仰֣ܲ׵ӰưɵӪȥҲûʲô˼
žž
骵Ļط¾ƿƵ٣㲻һþ죬Ҳ
ΪСôҪץİѱ
ŭصطһۣδٸطֱתȥղôһ֣ҲûֻϷ˼
Сӣߣ
Ŀ߳ҡɣջĿ⣬ɫһ䣬øĿضط磬Ǹоһ߶


012 һȺ
ղųƺȻΪС㣬ôŰ۵ˣҲŰ۵Ĳҵ
طҡơƿ򶨶ɣҽһЩ֮ǰûʾһӡϿûкҩ
ţ
ȻطĻطһɵģһûô򵥡
ʲôֱӴߣ𣡡Щͷ˵
٣ԵȣҽӸ绰
ԥջǾŪȥװóֻ˵ԼҪӵ绰
ţ
ԣüͷһ֪˵ӵ绰ǻӣ绰ġ
Ȼ
׹ףû
ֻ첽߳ҡɣߵһ˵Ľ䣬ͨһ绰
ι
绰ͨͲдһͳ
٣мҪʾ
Ѹٻ㱨ʮ𾴡
Ϊ绰ͷˡŰ۵ŹţĿǰҪŰеĻɫ⡣
˵Ǹ˲ûжȻʲôȻΪ£常רŸл绰ͷŹŲ㱨ֱӴϡ
ʲʲô
ŹŵĻŵͷһһֻ㻬䣡
һ̣г˺£
Ź˵ط粻ȻұŰԵл
һ£ղ³çָ˶ط綯ֵĻһšŰۻˣֽι㣡
Ϊ
ŰǻĵĽ
죬ֵȣ
Űĵһ仰
ˡ
֮࣬Ź˿ĭؿԼʵ٣ô죿
⣬Ҫ˵Ҹղ˵ЩҲø˵Ǹ뿪ԼŹš
ã
æӦȻͨѾ

ֻ³˲ͷϵ亹ʮңҸղû³ç¡
ҹŹŵİЩԾﲻԾһʱҲ벻
ôʲô˵ǣ
ҡҡͷ߰뷨Ȼ»صҡɡ
㿴ʣҵĿľһצӣֱӭɫ˵
٣ҲˣôôɣҪڳϾ˶ӡޱ˵֮ǰֱˡ
㡭
һû뵽绰̬ȾȻᷢ˴ת䡣
٣ô˶Ըһ˴´࣬ҾûҪˣοڳ
¶Цݣȴʮ˴ĸʺһ飬󣬲˵ʲôһӣ뿪ߣҪӰˣ
٣⣿
һĻЩһһԡ
˵
һ䣬ȻٴνĿͶط磬粻
ط״¾ƿ

طľٶѸΧһվ
Ҫֻֻ֣֣
طȫЩ竣ֱߵǰϹЦݣȴ˸ź⡣
˿̣Ѿ뿪й˼ɡ
⣡
ط赭дѯʣط޺Цݣڣ競ͷһеĪĽš
￳ǻططЦݲٴʵ
ֲ֪ڲǿԭʼᣡüط磬ǿѹסĵĲӦ
ԸЩǰˣ
򣬶кܴӰ죬ҲȦӵŽᣡ
ô
˵䣬طֶȻӳӥצһץٶȼ졣
⣡
ͷһɫһ䣬ʶƲͷ
Ȼ
ˣ
Ʋͷطǯ״һץסĲӣ
ৣ
طһᣬСһ

˫أ˽ڿУ٣ɫЩס

һĻĸ˲Բ۾Ŵͣ
ȻǶû뵽طһԲϾͿɣ
šſ
ʶ벦ط֣ȴطһѸǯһ㣬˿
ٶһ£㣡
ط״Ӵȣޱ˵
طĻŵûһ£˫ֽ˿УһҲҶ
ΪǸط粻ڿĸô

һĻЩ඼ɵˡ
ǵɴ۾һҲҶ
Ϊ׷ߣǺļҲڶȦĵλ
ǵļУû˸
δй
ʱ˿̣طˣƨҷһ
һ̣ʵںܺ棬ط絽ƾʲôô
ƾһô
ѹӿڳ´μǵóԣ
·Ϊ˻ӦǼƵģط˵ţȻ͵һ˦Ƕһ㣬˦һԡ
ѵ
ӶȻɳصһԵϣҷһľˮ
٣
ͻһĻЩع񣬷׷׾ܵԣҪ
⡭
ͬʱΧĿˣ׷һ־׵Ŀ⿴ط硣
ڳ켣ưɵǶԣûܵģطһ˵һȺ˻ռϷĳ棬ͷһؼ
طûΧ˾׵ı飬Ҳûȥһۣûһתɫֱȥ

һ̡
طǰļ竣Сһ㣬׷ÿط뿪


013 ܴҲС

طȥıӰƼΰ˵ı쳣ʡ
ڶ̲ȦٶЩֺزˣ˲ȵƨҷһͷһأ
Ƕˣο
ƹ£˫ȭ΢΢ŤһҪɱ˵ģ
ģ˵̫ˣ
ط߳ҡɺһջĿ⣬Ƽΰȿ˵ŭͲʡ
ǣӱһ
٣ô죿
竷׷׸ͣǶ̫̫ˣ
ǴֻһƬûҪӲԿǡ
ǿʹվȻѹĵŭ𣬵һԼԵƽһЩȻôˡһŵųȥ
£ȳȥ
ȻҲ֪ղط統裬ƨҷţ˿̣ѻ˵Уٶ˵ȡˣ
Ƽΰ˼״׷ĬĬظϣʶȤû˵ʲô
٣ˣ
һ¥ɳϳ̣һͷʵ
Ҽˣ
ɨһۣȻٷϻŻƼΰ˾ֱȥ
١
ĿһȥЦûнµĺݻϡ
ȻļΪ˵ãڶ̲ҲСǸŹŻ췹ԵģǸġ
һ֣ģ
οŹȷҪ⣿
ȥʸղŷʲô
߳µȼһ֧ƺ¥1916һ
ǣ磡
󺺹첽߽ҡɣӺ󷵻أľһһʮظ
󺺵Ļ㱨һӣȻߵһ칫ңóֻٴβͨŹŵĵ绰
٣Ұָʾѡ⣬˳ͻ裬Ӳƨûҷһ绰ͨػ㱨
֪ˣͲҪٹˣ͵û绰ͷŹŷԸ
ǣ
æӦȴЩΣȴ벻Ȼ

ͬʱ
԰4ű㱻˰ܵȻûһԡ󣬴˯۵½ֱ䡣
ȻŮˣ
Ȼ㣬ҵһˣ
ȻŮǸϴ𣿡
ΪŮȻֱſֲһߣ˿ǱˢˣοǷӿ뷿䣬ǡ
Ϻã
ȻŪһ³ʪͷ΢Цźͷ˿Ǵк
ȻϺã
ŮϺã
˿ѸٻӦȻˢһ衢ɻɡ
Ҷ˵öˣҲȱǮģǲøˢôأ
Ȼǵûǰ㻶ϲЩ
ȻҲǮ
һڷ˿ǰʮӦ
ҵһ⡣
ɬķ˿˻Ӧ
Ȼ㣬ҵ㻨Ǯֵˣ㱻ҰִҲĸԸ
ĳλ꼶Сѧ˵
Щûˢķ˿Сѧ̼ˣˢһ
Ȼ˵ҲҾͰǰˢǮȫ赽ƶɽɡۿ޷ֹ˿ˢǮȻһ
ȻŮ񣬽ֱͻȻжˣǸɣʲô
ǰȻ㣬ǸĲɣ屻ıڽѵ𣿡
⻹˵˿϶ȻŮıڴһ趼ϲˣ

һ˿飬ȿʣ󣬸ѯʡܲķﲻ
ǲҪڴ壬Ǹˡ
˿̸ط磬Ȼ뵽˸гϷһУ̲סһЦ
񡭡
жֻǺˣ
ȻŮڶ𣿡
˿ǶʱˣȻǵŮҲĶֱֻĿȻķݣطֱӽȻ§˻У
һ£Ȼȴ˵طǸˡ
˿ǵ˺ֹһ㣿
ģǸˣȻΪδֱͬһæء
û˿ץȻһĵ˵ţ˵ʵ̫䶯ɲҪ鷳ԡæ档
ʮ˺ҽҪʧˣ
ģҪУûŵģ
ȻŮǰľ־ʹ˷ˣӴ˷תڣ
ȻĻٴ÷˿ˣ˿ʮּнŶطģҲתڵģҲв֨ġ
ôһܼ𣿡
û˿ȻԺֳطɽһ㵲ǰһĻеһ̲סԼ


014 Űݷ
Զ³ǰ׵ʱط׼ʱ˫ۣӳĲϤĸߵʹǾƵ귿ѩ׵ĵ
뿪ӺüˣЩϰ߰
طЦһȻ֧ţһշƽȵڵ̺ϡ

ط峿ĵһǡɹᴩʣ͸˷

һĳط򿪴һʵĿȻת͵ǰ㵹ء
飡
һ죬ط˫̯סӣȻʼԳţٶȼ졣
֪˶ãˮ˳ӻ£ڵ̺Ϻطֹͣ˳Ȼ˸ˮ衣
ǰ첻ͬطϴûмųţó뵶ϸعӡ
һУֻΪҪȥһˡ
ʰϺطֳһֻȻǰϳһլӡ԰
žõķչִͷ޺ݺݵشݲ˻ĵʷ̡
Ҫ˵ڶڵ۶ྩĺԺˣС԰ָ֮٣Ψмʼ԰ֻӲдرš
԰ǶΨһһС͹Ŵ԰֣
һУźܴ
Ƕͨ˶ԡ
˶ԣ԰һݸֵ⡪ռҹլ
ռҹլűȶһְ칫ҵѽ
Ƕʿ˵Ĺʶ
Сʱط⳵ִ԰
ֵܣ԰ɲǾ㣬˽סլ㲻Ҫˡ
ط˵ʱ򣬳⳵˾̲סѵ
ûлѡ
طЦЦźɫǰģ󣬵ȴżߵʮλ۵ĸȴĹլ
һıɽׯͬ԰ſڲûбڣȴ侯վڡ
ৣ
ط³԰ͬʱվڵ侯Ŀǿ˿̫Ѩֱָۡ·
ã˭
ֱط߽վڵ侯ջĿ⣬йµʵ
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026 
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028 ǰ
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һԶڷ֮ϡ
ϻصԴǵĻǰ͹µİģطȻãƢһ˼˰徯


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뿪ѶҺû㱨Ѷǵһʱ뾯ġϵͳ
νġϵͳʵǼϵͳ
ſƼ豸Ѿõ򣬼鲼еÿһ䡣
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041 Ͷ
Ǻǣлܻǵҵ
һɱɫףɭ
ʮǰɳǹҵҪء
ƾ赱ɱ־飬Ⱥɱǹ֣ҲǹһӵļһӵСȡ
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ˣҲ绰ˡ֮ǰҪʯ٣
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ͷƤЩ飬ɳǹǳɱˣȫɱС
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ʲôܿͻ֪ˡ
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ͣٴβͨһ롪110
ιã110ָġ
XX·ַǹ
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ͨɱѵŲӣԼУȻس·ס˿ڣѪҺŵٶȡ
һУɱǹһߵȴžϵһ߾ؿܣֹٴ˹
ͬʱ
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塭
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Сʱ
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042 õ
顭
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֣ΪǱʩ˶һ㣬Ӳԭأ㱣΢ţ˵ʲôһƬհס
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һ꣬ΪִӶӳ콭ȫֱлĳɼ˶ѡУΪĺѡԱ֮һ
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񶷿ˣ֮˿ʮ֮ڲܣֱѡ
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ΪʼǱϼ¼ź켯ʮл߼¼ÿһʶʮϸ͵ģҲмŴ͵ģߵķ·ߡ

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054 ǲ

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ϵʱӦʮ֮ǰὫط͵С
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骵˵ͷҲ֪ԼôдԲϾԲţֳЦ
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һ˲䣬ָط绰֤ĳ嶯


055 뵱ȻΪ
켯ű⣬ӳ׷ͣţ˶̽
磬ٺͺ켯н׵ĹүߣǿֻŲ
̽磬Щĺ顢֣׷ĥ׼û١

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˵𣿺켯Ŷ³ץˣ˿켯Ҳˡ
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Уһ
ط綷ѻʯע
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νᣬŰ衢ǣҲòȥ¡
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ҪȥŰ۴绰
ͬһʱ䣬ᡣ
ԽΪAӸĽΣҲյڿ켯űϢ
ԭĹϵ֪ܵϢΪǰ̫޿ֵشֻȥѵֻ̹ˣҪԸողŽӵϢ
ôܣ
ȦںѷϢһ𾪡
ΪҪ׷Եʣߵ˸עаط硣
ҲΪʲôطҵĶԹָƵԭ
ԭطСȻֵǿҲᱻȨǮĳܶùҡ
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ʵȴȻ෴ҰˣһͿأ
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𾪹󣬽侲̲סԼ
֪ط־Ȼ飬ĿȻطΣպļǵظϻΡ
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һȻŰ۳ֵĻŰ۶Ȼ簮̶ȣδؾͲط硣
ᡣŰۼǱҲܰ壬Űڶ̶ʱһͿأҲܣ
ܿ죬ƷԼ룬һӦǸɺϣЩ̫죬ȨǮ̫Ŀŵڹϱ˽ҷǸ
ˣǱǻҲûϵֻҪպʶȤҪ׷Ϳˡ
ţȻֻûиȦںѻظ

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Ȼʵʲôû
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Ȼ׼Ű۳ְط磬ֱӴŰ۵ĻȻȥ˯ˣݰݣӴ
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ͲдæŰۿЦãѾͷһòûУ
˵ţȴ̵ġ
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ҲͦãûҪˣ
ŰţϵЦˡ
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ʱ칫ҵķű졣

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ʲôôôģ
īŶ룬ŰһЦ⣬Цʵ
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ȻΪְطˡīԣ˲µеè塣
š
Ű۵˵ͷȻʵ𣿡
ˣΪ˱Ǹ骵ŮС
īЦݣصŮõ֤ݺֱӰץˣȻô˳شֳôĶҪΪļ
ΪܿһͷߵĺϷŮ޸ˡŰЩź
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š
ī˵ͷȻ󻰷һת磬ҵµʱ򣬻֪һϢаˣߣ
ߣ
ŰԣüͷһʵϢ׼ȷô
ϢüȷϣӦòдī֣ػص
٣߸Ұצ쵽һŰ۵Ůǳıӵ𣿡
Űšüͷһɱ鸾ѡһӵػι㣡


056 
ֻ̽ںСȦӡ
ͨ˶ԣЩȦӵżһΡĴɽǵ棬Ǽûл롣
Ϊˣ̽ĵ𣬶ͨ˵ӰԺԲơ
ѧǸϿλϿΣǸϰ໹ϰࡣ
ΪĻط磬ͬûһÿ쵱վڣϾʱ䣬ӵҲС
ϣطղ칫¥δߵȿڣƽǼ߰
֪𣿺켯ŵİ½չˣ켯Ŷ³˿
ط߽칫Һ󣬺ȻƽΧм䣬ò̵źţƽŶȣŴлɫؽš
ײ㣬Ȩ󡢸ǵȻҲ֪ЩȨȦİԡĻ
ƽ˼è壿
طĵδע⣬ɾ۾ţһ˺ʵ
Ǳè尡
ƽ˵ţ˿̣һˣѹص֪Ļ벻֪
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԰ѾȲ֪ˣ
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ĳλȨĹүҾͲ˵ˣ򴫳ȥ⾱ͷס
ƽװŪ˵ţȻ󿴵ط磬ط֣С磬˵˵ĶԲ
ǡطЦŻӦ

һɢһֱ֮ǰТл̡
ҵθӴǸʲôȵȣһû˵أ
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طȻ򣬰ƽ˵ӽ˴骣ƽ֪ͲˡֻҪʶˣЩϢס
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ƽ˵꣬ż𾪵ģбˬĵõ㣬ֵȼһ֧л̣ڵš
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ӺһȻعʵ
Űۣ
ƽ˵˵Ű۷ųݻ߸ҽֱӶˣֽι㣡
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һˣΪְҵԣǽӴĵײ˸һЩвһЩС죬ƽʱĿȾԽϵ¶Щ˽⣬֪Űۺ߷ֱƹŶյĵ硣
֮⣬ǶԽеҪȶ̽¸Ȥ
ŰΪʲôҪ߶֣
һΣطҲƽĻˣʮֺ档

طͼƽصʱ߽˰칫ҡ

ɲǼ䣬ǼСһ㣬ɢ׷׻صԼλϣҳһ
ƽҲǾŵͷϵ˱Ŀӣѵ
Ϊ˿ѵϰʱ䣬涨Ҫˡ
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ƽһڻӦһģսϵʿ
ƽСӱװ϶Ŵİԣ´ѵ·
ѵţȴǿط磬˵һ䣺˼ţﴵʲôϹƱɶ
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ͬʱҲܺ桪ͺ켯ŵ㸲׺طûйϵ
Ȼͨ̽һж骴ٳɵģܾúطйء
ણણ
ʱһ߸Ьײö
һʱ䣬ط⣬ƽڵļ׷׽ĿͶſڣĿгź档
ѧУдΨһһûŮ˵ĴңҼûŮͬ־
һ£Ƕ֪Ůʲôˣʲô
ǣҲЩ档
ںĵʹ£ʶػͷȻһӵħĵŮˣ첽Ű칫
Ůǰ·ʱһһεģ׳ۣϸգȻɵľ㵲ţóû˿ƲƲרҵ˵XκOȡ
ħģϾӻ¶Ӣˬʡ
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еӿֳ֡
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ߵ칫ſڣػӦȴûȥǿ˰칫ط硣

칫ƽȼ۾ʱֱˡ
ѵ֪Ƿݺڲ͵ģ
ͬʱطЩɡ


057 

ط羪ɵͬʱһϵĹ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮ǵһľ
ƽֻǵ;˵֪һ骵Ů⵹ͨϵ骵ֺ͸λ
һ骵Ļ뵽Լղŵġšٶܲ𾪣
٣ãǱܰʲô
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ͬʱҲں£
ǰľž⵹ú켯㸲үɴñĹ̰
ǶԷƽղŵĲžٶ֪᲻˶ꣿ
طѣе¡
˵ţطӶЩð

Ȼ骵Ļƽȼһ𾪵ؿط磬Ǹо·ʣʲôϵ
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ҵ˸ģСǾм飬ûм飬ֱ
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ӺطǰŸջص칫ңű㱻ƽΧסˡ
СӣǾʲôϵƽʵ
׷ңҾܾˣطһ˵
ɶ
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սĵలţࡣ
С硣
ƽǰŸߣ˰칫ңһЦݡ

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С簡㻹Ǻϸɣ
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У켯ű
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̣ȻףطѧƱʡ



058 
ͬƽ˵һ鸾ɱڳ޵Ȼ󲨣
߻ô
г޵ˣڵ𰸡
ȦӵˣҲ뿴Ƿȥ
ųǽ
ɽ߶18ű
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鵽֣ڶŰ۳ˣ߸ҽֱӶˣֽι㣡
仰ڼ̵ʱڴ޵磬ĵ磡
Űķʽھߣͬʱ˵ߵǱŰɱģ
һУŭҪȥŰƴ
գѹ˳嶯ûôڶܷꡣ
ͨŶɢĵŭЧȴ
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ͻȻŵһɫ۵Ŷ롣
Ѿһһҹûˣ̳̫ˡ
վſڣӵü΢΢𣬳ѵ
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ΪǸŮˣɥʧǵȥŰƴһһҹ˯һس̣Ϊ
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鷿ŰϰԵس߿ëǮһеĺ˫ϲû棬üͷ΢΢ţ֪˼ʲô
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Ƭ֮΢𣬽Ű۴˼ʵ

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Ȼ֪˵Ȼѵ֮󡣡Ű˵
⵹ǡ
īͷȻ뵽ʲôֵˣ磬мǸ˵ˡǰʱԸǸط磬˵ɳ˽ִǰӳ֪ʲôԭûжط֡
ܾǸطеĻҪءŰ˼
Ҳָо
īأȻ̽Եʵ磬ҪȻԸлΪԷʱҲϯܹܲȻıڣȻĵŮסһȻڣȻİȫܽһ֤ˡ
ҹƿԺС鲻ԡŰ΢΢ףܾҲƽʱȻտһ
磬룬֮ǰûаԸǸط磬ֱ̫ˣīԵ޵
ǰ۶ô⣬ʱһѡ񣬱һУ
ŰΪȻпҵģһգҲ䵽³
磬˵һǱڶѧʲôѵȻ˵Ϊ˱Ȼͬѧīɻ
ҪʲôҲģֻҪΪоͿˡ
Ű˵ţоǱƲѣԶطΪУ


059 һѻ
գطʽڣ¸λĹܼ򵥡ѧУԺѲߣûʱʹ涨൱ɡ
һУüԺվڵʵ۾ˣҲûбʾ
һطȻϰû죬Ϊ˴ܵλͬµĹϵòΪҪǣط绻λİģ˵ʲôлУԲǺùӳԡ
ļطÿڼԺ֮⣬СԺȭӹúա
ʱˮ֪Уطѵѧϰ˶ʮ죬ѵҲˡ
һϣطȭˮ裬ɵϣֻ
ţ
ֻطЩɻ
ֻĿǰֻġٷ򸾣Ȼ¾ˣԼĵ绰
طֻһȻĵ绰˽
壬ڸ
绰ͨȻͨߵشطС
ճ裬𣿡طʵ
û¾Ͳܸ绰ȻеСߡ
ѵڼ䣬һֱط绰סˣò׹ͨ˵绰ĺڴطĵһͨطⷬ䲻ȵ̬ȣʱƨɵĸо
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طȻ֪ԼǵȻˣɲ̲˵
˵ҲδԡģǾѵˣ緵̡
Ȼֻǻ鱻һ룬̾˿׼Сһȥ߶ȼٴɣȥ𣿡
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ģɲޣ˭˭С
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ȸŮк˵ı׼
ռչٳнԵĶӣԲʮʡ;
ÿһȦӶżֻżĸߵбԽߵȵȦӣżԽߡΪһȨȦеһԱߵҲȥ
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061 ۿ˵
ȴͬʱؽĿͶط硣
طĴһѵͷЩңΧοԵøжϳطݡ
һҶõۣȻȻҪһȼ٣ԴǱ¿ˣ
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063 ԽӴ
ʹ̲ȼٴλںɳף嫶ﳤӵŷʽʽʽ29бʽ׼ͷ20ףˮοͿںȻչԡϾܲźˮɳ̲˹衣
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ģ٣֤⡣ӴЦ˵ŵ5-10ű888
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ŰΪ˻飬ǸǸӣԣһЦݣ˵Ǹһһῴǣ᲻۾ȥ

ɲǼ䣬Ц˷·𶼿طţƵһӡ
һײСǲִ֪磬ˣͻϷ̨ϵĺһΪȨеЦ
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064 ʢ
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ڷһֵʯͷ԰ڷС͵ӭɣߵŴëĵ̺ǽÿ׶ֻ
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ܿ죬ƲŰڷͼ˽˾ׯĺƣȣԺΪӽϺ㡢ӦоС
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طͷͬ⣬ȴǰĥŰ۷Ѿ˼Լ뵽Ҫʲô


065 ˫Ӯĺ
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ҵȲСڷɳŵǽϹһ޴ľʮ㡣
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066 ڨ
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ҪҪǸصС죬ʲôͮҧҧʺĵع
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071 ֻ
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ܵطӵĿ⣬ձԵþִٲܵʲôЩ״Ρ
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ΪҪȻùϵߵˡ
ط֮һ
ͨ飬֪ط˹ʺ˰һæŵԽ˶ѧ
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072 ײƼ
Ϧû뺣ƽ棬ƻ轵ˣϵķˣһˡ
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ʱ̸Цͬȥʱ򣬽ε˱ܳĬѹ֡
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073 ˣ
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С㰢ϢҪչգؼҳԷ
绰ͨı㿪żɽ˵׼ܾһܾˣΪû뵽㣬²ܾˣҾûմĹ󱥿ڸˡ
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ֲУԳӭǼһԭδŮ
Ŀط԰վ侯ЩĽʺ޵һ䣬ǵģôô󣿡
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С簡㰢Ѿܾû³ˣһմĹ⣬ܳԵĲˡЦŹά
ǳ޹ǿһѵȻûʱղġطЦЦ裬ʱȴûա

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ټ˵Ǽ˵ҪڶѧסǵϷͦã£췹һˮɡ

طĿɿڴ
һ죬װʲôҲûµغȲ衣
գͺúøװٵ۵
ҺγСϼףҲ֪Сδޡķ²豭Ц

ԣʱ˪һ㣬ֱˣ̾ҿүӴ٣϶ס
үӦûֻҪͷ׵˾ż̤Ҳ޼¡治ɫ
ţԷɡٵͷ
طû˵ʲôġٶ˽ȴ֪һƷζŮ
ŮҪ޸һˣضֻһԭ򡪡飡

طġ١͵ͬʱκȡȼӸ磬һҺֲܻͲ͡
ˡ
ͻȻֻ𶯵ʾǸ׵ĵ绰һֻ߳ᡣ
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绰ͨȿڣ֮дż𱸡
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ЩĵѰɣʡ
ôأ֣ҶһˣҲˣִ֪磬ǶһȺӵܡЩƵؽ͵
С󣬽ԶҪΪϸʮڵʱ˲飬ύ˲ٺѣýʮջ𣬹ʶÿѳԷѯѵݡ
ӵҲŵȣзִͺá
һ䣬Ȼ󻰷һתʵˣһӴӴ𣿡
š
λӦţ뵽飬ɫЩѿ
ӡôʡ
аɡ
ԥһ£𸴣ȴףµӡ󲢲ãҲûбֳȤ
ǵģ
һһ㶼ûУ
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Ǿͺá
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һڴѩ㣬ģеĹӸĶܳΪˣһӵ顣
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϶ҸأʡѾʮþȣͨѾӦúϣ
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泩عҶϵ绰ԺﲻֳӰ̲ס૵Ϊˣ붼˾˷ܰ


074 
һ֪һȤʵ顪ͨһҹĵƹȷΧжеķչٶȡ
ʵĽܾˣеķչٶҹĵƹⷶΧȡ
ŶĶǻĽЩչĳ֮һƹĸ
ҹĻ٣ƳϣŶĶƻͨһɳǣۼ
ֽϣһֻʻο֯༯̲ŶƬ
ַ̲ǷԣΪ޵һ԰塣
ʮľֻвһıŵƹ⡣
԰9ű鷿Űͬҹһǰĺľϣϼһ֧˫ϲһ̣һīĻ㱨
磬ҰָʾзųطȻڵϢЧܾˣһʱĵ硣
ī˵ţ̲סЦĹעһĸߡ
עȸ߿ɲʲô¡Ű³һüͷ΢΢𣬡ͬжţҲᶢţ⡣
ţ˵öԣµĴ󻷾ȷԽ͵ԽãǹٳǡīʶԼ˵˻
ΪŰ۵ľʦŰսϵĵλߣ˵Űۡ
ͬĺֵһ൱ڵֵĹʣֻŰһ쵼ܶŰ۴ٴȥ
ֵһɫΪ˷ֹڶڳӵİȫ
ʵϣڣƶȻڵʢУۼŲǸɽȽҲԴڴˡ
Űûпǻͷ
磬˵Ǹط磬ΪʲôҪǴһϢѵΪ˶Ŀīԥһʵ
ԭû˵˵ĿԺܴ󡣱Ͼֳ·ûɵѧøڴӶݡ
ŰԺֳ︡طڶȼٴǢ̸Σ˵ԼжϣͨӴԼǢ̸ΪڶѧĿģӦΪ˱Ǹг¾Ů
磬˵ǰֲӵĶ֣ʲôˣīЩ档
֪ĶһͬѰʵʩնжΣնɱҡ֮ˡ
Ű˵ţûɵں̲طĽ̸Ȼһ˿΢ĲʵʩɱĻ
֪Ϊĵһ˿ϰʹȻŰֵȼһ֧̣һڣǰߵ鸾ػӣ˵Ѵʽ˶ұҲᱨ
Ҷ˽⣬ֻǲҽԣԲȻȥա԰һ£Ҫʱ̸ȻߣǾʮŵʮһ졣
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ŰЦ̣Ȼбͷ⣬ͬʱҲѨ

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Ȼдͼ˯£˫ֱأɳϣһȫǷǮı顣
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˵û¸Ǹ߶ʲôǲͻҲͿȥ𣿡Ȼ

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УʲôȥˣΪʲôǺͻˣΪʲôҪǶҪȥճǺ󣬲Ÿ£
ȻŹŲ˵ǻǹɨһ˵һѡ
Ҳû뵽ȥա
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˭˵ֻһȥطͳ¾Ҫȥһ˲ȥȻûشŹŵĻ
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ӺŹ뿪԰󣬽ͣ·ߡ
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ǸطʮһҪȥճǣȻҲȥŰˡ취֪ؽϢߵĶ
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Сʱ
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Ƭ̺󣬽Ų𣬰˱
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Ųջ˼תŤͷŰʵ
ĺڽ۹ûйʡʦĽɫֻұۡźͽա
ľĸһ´еһˣȻɶԷȥɡ
ϣܶ˵źͽߵһ£ı
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һ˵ǣɫǸطļһҪȥճǣ
ŶԣüͷһĬӺʵϢ׼ȷô
Ų߷ģźӶУӦò⡣ŵ˵
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ǸصȥճʲôүӰôֻ̬߳ȡ
Ӧòǡ
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ھʮһʱ䣬ȥʵһϢ׼ȷԡ
̶˿ɰǰȼһڣ³һϢ׼ȷĻʮһȥճǵ׼
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Ϊߵұ֮һ֪߿еġһ㣬ҲֹһĿԻ˵Ļ档
ǻ棬Ҳ̶ã



075 ǰճ
ʮһٵĵǵı궯ϰĹ˼ͷɵ;УѧѧУ⣬ǹֵܡ۽棬ǲ߻ƱŮƱžžž
ڸڸǸͣҡ
ʮշѧȻصԺסضط硢ͳ¾˵
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ڹȥȻΪ޷ǰճǣƲ֣ǿ˿ȴͻȻ˵ȥճǣܲǾȣ
һͬģ
Ȼŷȭһڱصá
ѵŰۺǸߺͽˣ
ȻЦݣطаԼȻֿԲ󣬱ϾŰߵŮˣҷųݻ

Ȼûйͣ΢Цų˻˻֣ŽеİСŤԸеΣ߳˴

ΪϲͮԵʣȻϲס԰ıΪˣרŰΪ乺һ׸ߵԢ
ȻͻȻعԢСɺС˺ܲ죬ҲŰۺܲ졣
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ˡ
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076 Ե
ճǣٶϽӼˣ̫ų⣬ΪգֳƹաƽȣǻʷĻǺͷ羰γУĸ¼ҵء
ճǳҪĳ֮һҲʡĳУʡὭҲҪȻʧɫ
֮⣬ճǻǹҼƻг֮һһǸʡкĸʡض볣߹ٵĸء
Աͨճ壬ճǵгΪյĸʡδܿ콫ǰϳ֣յȨࡣ
ܹڲʮ䣬ڹٳ˳ɼ֮⣬ΪҪǣүӵĵ
ճռҵĴӪճְʱ򣬿νռʱ˺ͣһ·˳˳ˮˮݶΪ
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£ճպͳ޵ĹٳǶ֪ǺүӴٵĻǰȥݷãʸͻ̤ռҹլߣ޼
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ҲӲӡ֤ˣռڹȥǧУһֱϷүһǰٳ߸ͷһүϯҵݣ˻Ȩࡣ
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ͣȣŴ򿪣һĸŮ³˲·˵Ŀ⡣
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ŮԼʮͣûεŮǽͷһŵĲױȥԶʵ죬ء
Ů³󣬿һǧ겻ռҹլĽʺޣȻһſվڵľ
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ûٶ˵ʲôתԼİ
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Ϊܲμүӵʮ٣ζʲô
⡭Ϊպ켣һżҪƬ
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ȥųſڵǡ
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ӲȻǰֱֱȥȻҲصЩУµܾȥռҹլĻԵС
Ҳԣûб̬ҲûȸֱܹͨˡǸ˵ţĿؿط硣
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077 żȻ
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ܹȻеĲ⣬ϵЦݶδٰ֣Ǽ˵ܳȼ˵ġ
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Ȼԣͨ⾵һ۵ܳں棬üصĻ
ҲǸտұ֤ûиǣҪճǵ顣
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Ϊˣãȵ˶Ϊβճǡ
ǲ˵СôôҲճˣ
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طڼʻλϣȵͫ˲Ŵе˷ܺΣǸоͷ·𼢿ʵĴŮַ
ͬѧɰȻ㡣˷֮࣬΢Цų˵
𣿡ʵ
û£ǿȻͬѧĳˣǴк
ЦҡҡͷΪȷطǷڳϣ˿Ѿȷϣ׼򵥿һ±ǡ
ǽٵδ𣿽ôڰ
ȵĻ£ٴοڣһͻȻ
Ů顣
Ϊ̧ۣʾԼţƣճǵ·ϣŮ飬Լ뽭εĹϵûٴ꽭ΣаҪռ顣

Ů⻰һڣط缸ˣȼ˶һ㶡
ţЦȥüŮһۡ
Ϊί칫εĶӣ֪ռң֪үӣҶԹٳŵһЩ
ȻˣҽǱܴ󣬵Ŀǰ˵ɹռ¡
һ£Ůֱ˵ǽεδޣЩˡսײɣٴȥĻξͻΪȦЦ
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ٻûʽףܺδޡ
ϵŮؽ͵ʵǳ䵱Ѳ
죡
޿ˣֱӳֹ
磬߰ɡ
ͬʱɫЩѿûȥȼˣǳط˵
á
طӦţֱȫȼ˵˿
ؼ״ûȼ˴кֱתԼ÷
һ棬֪ʱᶨվӣһ棬ߵˣط缸ˣ͵òʧˡ
٣ص飬ˣ
Ŀͺ뿪ЦһȻֱóֻεĵ绰
ཡԲĵ绰ͨС
Ͳд֪绰մͨαҶ˵绰
ߣϳ
룬Ϊκпܲ绰ûٴ򣬶кϳ
ηϢɡ
ϳڽ飬ղŲ³Ҫδ绰Ҳжϳβӵ绰
š
ȵͷȻóֻ΢ţ༭Ϣ
٣Ǹղճǹųſصһ𣡡
Ӻȱ༭Ϣݣʵ󣬵͡
ˡ
һ̣ԶڽĽΣյϢ΢Ϣʾȴûó
Ϊ˿̵һչٷյİµA6Lĸʻλϡ
ͬеĳ˸׽֮⣬һŮˡ
һչٳŮˡ

Сã


078 Ҹ
ֵʮһڣճǹųǳ糱ο֯
ͺһǰһʻڹųǴϣ˲˵Ŀ⣬óֻա
ǸҲվӣԼʲôУȻף
ͺЩѹ֣Ȼ˿ЩĹĵ˵ۼȻЩҲռô³۳࣬ǽξǸ·˼ףŻЬ䡪˭ף
ûлشŴ⣬ü΢΢š
ѣ˵˵Ǳ˵δޣٻЩơ
¾״Ĭ
ڶ¼կ֮ŶأҲ֪ΰ
Ȼҿ̳ܲģ㶼Ǹ䲻ãûӦ𣿡طͨ⾵ѣЦŽӵ
Ҳǡ
Ȼͷүүô㣬ֻҪ˵֣κӾռż̤˶޼¡
㻰ࡣ
ٴȻĻüչЦһȻط磬ȵתתɣȥլ
á
طͷ֪˿ѣҵĽҸѾǰռҹլʶܿ
ʲôתģ
ȻլԣĴҹ䣬飬Щط磬һת壬ǽҪμүүʮ٣㴩ʰɣҪ·
Ҵôˣ
طͷԼĴţ˶Tûʲôס
У壬ν˿װ𿿽װүүǸմȨģٵģĸǸ߹ٴˣ㲻˵һƣҲҪʽ㣬ᱻ࿴ġȻʾһҲϣط类˱ġ
ôҺθɣط練ʡ

ȻԶԡ
пЦѡ
ܶ˶עر棬ţֱӣǳݵһǿˣЩԼ
طںߡ
ྩؼҡ
ĸֲҪκγС
ţȥԼүүٵЩˣ֪طؼ̫үصĺʱϹҴһȣ̳ǹٳУβˡ
֪ǣྩؼĸֶԣڻľ;鱨Ӱ

ͬʱչٷյİµA6Lʻ˻٣ʻճǡ
Ժĺţнڸʻλϡλ쵼ר
ȻʮΪʡĴܼңռҺĹ⻷ۼȨ޷뼴ȨĽȡ
෴;ϰٳ߸ͷһҪԵİ
Ϊԭͬǰռңһֽ̬֧ס
λϣ죬ǹԱһʼûȥֻ
һ棬ͨԺ̸Ļᣬѧϰ˵ǵ쵼ģδظߣһܸߣӦֱӵı˵
һ棬ȻѾ֪֧Լһ𣬵ǰ֣Աڸºõӡ
ˣС֪ȥʦٵĶЩ𣿡Ĺ󣬽ԻͻȻһתɫʵ
£үӾܾˡԣһŻڡ
ΣүӰٵ˲٣ֻ
Ϊ֪ѹû壡
ŶԣǰһΪʲôӰ첻𣿡
š
ͷү˵ˣڲԭֻԼ˳Զٷöͬ⣬Ϊʮ꣬ôҲðһ¡˼Эˣȷ涨ֻһҲ
ʦǸ߷ڰ
Цһ䣬ϲ֮޷ڡ
Ժе£
ǰȥ˸֣ʽΪȨĶٶ֮һүƫ;ѵ˾ͷ
ĳίĸְ뽭һֻ꣬;ǰԺͽᲢۡ
ղ˵º˶ǽעΪ˴үٳϱҫ۵ǿǣݡ
ճǴԼ220߸ٵĻСʱ̣ʮһż٣ٹ·ѵԵʣٹ·ϳ֯ûܿ졣
ԣͽ˵ִճǵʱĵˡ
ʡȥƵŶϢٹȥµA6Lʻ¸٣
֮ǰԸӶϲǴƵ궩˷䣬þƵճõǼƵ֮һ
θ߷ڣοͶ࣬Ҳ࣬ҵĶ³
Կһӵµĵ·ҡҡͷȥƵ꣬ȥݼʦ
á
ԣҲý˵
ò˵ԻǺȼ֮ġ
Ϊ³˸٣ʻճǹųһСʱȻ˶ʮӲŵִռҹլͣ
Ǹѧоģѧܶ࣬ÿ궼ѧǰݷãҵݽȨ󣬰ݷ߸ﲻ
Ϊˣزר׼ռҹլ潨һͣǹͣʵҪǷЩǰݷռҵĿͣ
µA6Lִͣʱټͣͣ˳
ЩмֵǧĺҲʮʮĽγҵĳƺͷڳԵ֤ͨԶЩ𺳡
ǽʡԶ
ͣȣ򿴵ͣͣԵ޵
ȻҲ֪԰飬ȥƵĻϵ϶ᵽԺˡ
һԽΪһˡ
˵֮һʮٵʱһ϶ᱻ˵лᱻڱǡ
ԽԶԾԲʲô£
˶ࡣЦЦ
֣հ̣³ɡ
ͬʱεһ³ΪԺţνǼɫ
Լ״һ˿οȻ³Լһĳ³
СţԼȥԵ㶫Ȼڳҡ³󣬳˾Ը
õģʡ
˾æͷ΢΢ţһ΢̬
Բٷϻɽκһһţ˶̤ռҹլ
˴ͣһͺպһ÷һǰһʻͣ
ǽԻֻƳһۣͫ˲Ŵضĳƣ
ϳ
ǲǽ𣿡
ͺȻۼ⣬һ۱㿴˽Ҹӡ
ৣ
طԣ׷׿ȥ
үӵĴٻûʼ˫Ҫײ𣿡
ͬʱ÷Ҳ˽ҸӣЩ˷ܡ


079 ʢ
ٳ˽ۿ·˷ԹɫǱر
ΪչٳĴˣԹɫȻڻ£һʱ˽ε쳣
СΣʶˣЩɻʵ
š
ʶص˵ͷ
ǣ
⣬Ȼûղֻһɨ㿴ҵǶա
Ҳ˵Զ
֮ǰ˵ҪƲμٳܹռҹլ˲̫࣬Ҷ붼򵥡
һ£ʶеĿˣܲе⣿
ǽԣЩȣû뵽ε罻֮ǿȻʶǱǰμүӴٵĿˡ
ûĻӦͬѧġۿԺԼæ˵
ͬѧ
֣ԸӾ⡣
ֱüͷ
ҪƲμӴٵΪˣһЩͷˣų⣬ȴͬѧ˹Щ
ͬʱطȺ󽫳ͣͣλϡ
Ŵ򿪣طȻ¾³˼ӣ³󣬵һʱˡ
ǣ͵ûȻ
СҲڡ
̾˿üٴ
ţ
Ļط磬Ȼ¾أһ
ǶɵϣȻܹ仰صϢ

ǰοطҲӳº󣬵ˡ
ϳڶûüֻѹ֪طճǣû뵽طȻռҹլ
ڽͬʱһȣ첽ط
֪йˣǶΪЩջ߹УŴ󲽣ұࡣ
⼸λǣ
ܿ죬ߵطǰҸվһ׵ĵط
ռҺؼȻطֻСʱ游ĸһռңʱСȫӣҪ˵򣬾үҲϲ
Сãҵͬѧش
ͬѧʲô
üͷʵѵ㲻֪үүʮ𣿡
֪μүүٵġ˵
ʲô
ɫһ䣬Ȼ˵ҪμүүĴ٣ʲôЦүү˵Ҫܶ˶˲ȴͬѧүү٣
ҡ
ͼͣĸ˵Ҫط缸˸ְٵ飬ֵ֪طҪʮֿģķ˵Ҫطȼ
Ȼ
ѹ͵ĻᣬָطУͺӣѹͲѧȷͬѧ
հ̣ѧУһͻȻڣȻһֻؿط硣
֮ǰճǵ·ϣ˵ҪƲμٳ˿ֿջȻϽ͡

֣һȻǿһ㵱ǼͬѧҲͰˣһҲռҹլһүүʮҪӣ
Сá
طݣ뵽ĵĸ룬ߣ˻ȥ
ͬѧͣҲڽ졣϶еġ
򿴵ЩɣΪѾʶ˴󣬱ûмѵ̾˿ɣͬѧȥƵ꣬Ƕ֮ǹʹɡ
ڡˣ
£Ŀطϣо
Сá
Ļеɫһ䣬ʶؿڣȻͣһ£Ǹô͡ǧܱ¶طݣ
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С򰡣ҲҪҲһʱԣ΢Цǰ˵
塣
ۿԿڣֻٴν͵ĻʻضӣȻ彭ԴкûǽΡ
ţ
ϸڣԺ΢΢һܿȻˣʶΪѵ鲻á
ʡȽȥɣ
á
ԵͷȻȽȥˡ
õģ塣ͷ
ЦЦû˵ʲôɽκռҴţнʱŤͷ΢΢һЦǴк
ԴˣӦ
㣬ҪǲĻҾͲȥˡ
Žȥ¾ȿˣԭճ棬ҲûμүӵĴ٣żͼطִҪֻøŹˡ
ղţȻֻǶ𣬵ָɣжЩ¡
ƶƫԶũ壬ҲԼϡ
ʼնû뿿źȻ˸ùϵʲô
ҲΪʲôǰĵһ죬ܾȻסУ¥ԭ
ͬҲΪԭ򣬵ʹȼٴ庣̲Ҫ뿿Ȼɻڴʱߵԭ
ǰҪǲ㣬ǾͲȥˣ
ȻͷͣճȫǳطģԣֻҪܸطһУȥʲô޹ؽҪ
ǧ𰡡
¾ȻĻ˲ᵽɤۣǽȥˡ
¾ȻΪμүӴģȴճ֮ҪĿģ
û£ѾҰүү˵Ҫġ˵ţһǸؿط磬һ˫صСò֪¡
ȻǾͽȥɡط΢΢һЦᵽеһ˼ַʽԼ⡣
ţǽȥ
ط粢˿Ȼ˵ͷ
ҵ¡
˵Сò֪飬Ҳ̫ˣǱôˣͱȱ˵һ𣿡
Ȼղʢ˵ӣ̲סΪطͷ
һֱ
̾˿Ȼطһۣ̲סС֪ݣ᲻ѳӻࣿ


080 
ճ԰ֳơճǹŵ԰֡ĻŲAAAAAξʮ羰ʤ֮һС԰֮ǡС԰ּ£ճ԰ּ׽ϡ֮Ϊ֮Ǭǻ԰Ļ̳ͽ
ճ԰ʼڴʱʱγδʢ塣ĩճиɫ԰170ദֱ60ദ⿪ŵ19Ҫвͤʨ֡׾԰԰ʦ԰԰԰֡
ռҹլǱ60ദ֮һʼ
ʱռδҪ̣ƥ⣬ǽĲƥ֮һ
ʱռҼֱֶͨͨ۶ͨ˵֮ţʼΪ͢ƥһ𣬳Ϊеļ֮һ
ΪʾλʱռҼѾʣ԰۹ģȫѷɫڵ԰֡
԰ռһƽף԰һˮƣˮɽʯᾣе©԰ɽɽˮˮΪһ塣
԰ɽʯΪɽϹľ죬ɽˮأɽˮ֮һ۵ĸȣԲԣݵʯͤɽĳ԰ˮͨϵ©͸ãͨ԰ڡɽˮʹˮ桢ذɽͤڳһ塣
԰ɽʯף񱻸ңҰܴȻɫɽҰ֡
Ժŵ˵ǽ԰ţԲճ԰֡
Ȼܶˣÿһֽɾĸо
ͽεͬ£߽԰ԺɫȴҲڸ̾ðҲﵽռҵĵز
ΪҪʱͳɾȥ
ռϷǧ겻ģܹᲢҲ޼
ʡϲϾʱԳү죬塣Ц˵
Ǻǣҵ룬үӲԸ⡣
ԿЦһΪ֮һҲܾݷֺ֣˶ʲô¡
ô᣿үʱءЦݲźۼһƨ
ԣ֪ڹάԼһЦûٽӻ
ܿ죬԰
԰ӣ˸ճСԡģˮϣ֭
˽֮⣬ѵˣȺطɢ԰ĸ䣬̸Ц
УһЩͷĿ˽ԼĺҲ԰еһ䣬ʮһ̸˵ء
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ŽԵĵǲԼֹͬͣ˽̸ĿͶ˽ԡͽˡ
һĻԿƲɫʵʮ̹
û˲ϲǣȻҲ⣬ֻûбֳ
ȶԣεĺҪöࡣ
һĿɨЩĿ¶Ľӵʱǽһ⣡
ֱ֮࣬ͦˣͷ۾޲̵ȥͲֲ֣ˣ
ԣС򡣡
ܿ죬Ⱥɢһ۾ӴȺ߳ӭ˹
ڽԵִ֮ǰпоԵĽ㣡
Ϊճǵһ֣ĿǰѾյȨһϯ֮ˡ
ϸ磬þûˡ
΢Цӭǰƽ֣û˿ǫѹŻƽ
ǰǸܾûˣһҪȼ
ƽܹظܵ¶ķâϢû¶˿
һ棬ٳ˽ϲŭ¶λãȻĵϡǹٳ˲Ż᷸ĵͼ
һ棬ȻΪճһ֣̤Ȩ࣬
ΪҪǣѾʮ˾Ӷߵ䣬ԻʮϾҪ̤յȨˣұռô;ǰȫԱģ
û⣬ʦһݣԺ˵
ƽЦɿ֣Ȼ쵽ǰСҲþûˣɺã
ȻǼҵġӣæסƽ֣Ц˵
С򰡣㲻ʡĴܼҰƤӹԽԽˡ̸㣬üյŮƽЦ޵
ƤӹǲԶˡ
ǫ˵ţ˿ڻƽɿֵ֣ģȽȥ
á
Ժͻƽͬ
ԣû˵ʲô΢ЦųһЩҪĿ˵ͷǴк
һУ뿪Ⱥ԰ߡ԰Ľ
СΣݼ壿
ȥŤͷ彭˵
壬á
ԣæǰ΢΢Ϲƽк
Сΰ˵㿼ˣϲ㰡ǳǰˣһһǿƽЦ˵
ҶѣҪѧϰǫ˵
ѧͿˣѧʲôඣ˵ģƽһ˫ء
ϸ磬ҶҪѧϰοСӣԹά

ƽһЦû˵ʲô
ϸ磬ȥСһ£Ժ졣˵
š
ƽ΢΢ͷΪеǣȻһֱߣһͳΪˡ
󣬽ԴŽ߽Ⱥݿ˵ݸߵͣкԷĹάʶ
ֻа˸ˣʵȨɲ֪ҵңʲʮλϡ
ˣ׷Դкֻ΢Цͷ
ȻԽԶԣЩûн̸ıҪûиıҪ
ˣȥǱ߰ɣˣйͬ⡣ýȥʮꡣ
á
εͷʮꡣ
ʮ궼մ˸Ĺ⣬վ԰Ľ䡣
ˣҲֵǽԺˣ
Ȼ
ݽԺεĵѹˣ
ȻΪݲͣʸһȴûС
˿̣ǵϻٶ¶˼Ľʡ
һĻǽһˬ
٣þò
δ߽ʮӭһȿڴк
磬˵ҵֱྩˣһѰЦ˵
СΣͱˣྩӣ㣬ǰ;
ĳλʵȨĶӣྩĴѧֿ˸Уоҵͨ丸ĳίֻͨԱͬԼ˵ȷǴӵĽɫ
ǰ٣㿼˶󣬻ͷٳΪУĵӣΪ̩ɽпܣ
٣˿ɱֵܰ

һʱ䣬ƨĵýǽһ̹
ƾ
һ̣µĲֹǽԣȻ
ͬʱطĴ£Ȼ¾ػ԰
ڶ԰
һΡ
Ÿĸǰڣռ˶԰ſӭӡ
һΡ
űݣ԰ⱻ𣬽԰кʽ


081 ЦԽ
̫ˣ԰ȫûȰ԰У԰ھɫˣȻ̲ס޵
Ϊ̸Ű۵ŮȥٸߵĺլɽׯЩطȫ޷԰Ტۡ
ǰ
һĽظͣвͥԴӶ֮󣬱뾡һа취ᣬʿҲ޷ӵһ԰֡
Щ׹Ҳһ԰֣ྩһĺԺ
ռҵĵ̺͵
ضԣ¾ûôࡣ
ǰ֮ǰûгУδ԰֣ǰˮ԰֣ȫסĿ⡣
һֲͬڶԭʼɭֵܾ棬Ҳ𺳡
֮УΨطܵ
һ԰Σؼ̫үδµʱںǽԺڰ칫۾ɫɣ԰
ˣ
ףĸ˭
ôŮеһŮȻ
󣬾͵طŮ԰к󣬶ʱ˵Ŀ⣬дֻǿţʮ׷׳ۡ
ǵĿȺɨȻ¾ء
ط磬ֱӱɿˡ
ţ
ͬʱκ丸׽Զһ
ȻǶû뵽Ȼľ棬ֽط˴԰
겻Ưˣֲྩѩ㣬ĳޡ
ڽͬʱྩĳί߳ȺӭϣЦ˵
ûº˵˵
ɫػӦţȴǿط磬طһƽƺһҲἰδѩ㡣
ˣλǣ
꿪ʵĿȻϡ
ĿǰĳίѹѪ嶯䣬вʵʵĻ룬֪ԼʶȻ⡣
磬λŮͬѧ
ش𣬽αлع񣬿첽˹Ϊܡ
λأ
ԣЩؿط硣
ৣ
Ļ£κʮҲĿͶط硣
ѧУı
˵֪⻹⣬СʮˣһЩˡ

Ȼ֣ʮ꣬ΧЩһˣһ㶡
ǲԼͬͫ׷ŴǾɵؿط磬Ǹо·ʣһܵʲô
սģʲô˼ǿ𱣰ǾһʱԽУεĻ˵ķӦȻʱˣֱӶŽο
ǵûС
ЦҡҡͷȻֵֻǾãһܵͦġ
Σôˣ
ˣüͷõؿŽΣʵ

ʣеŭ⣬һʱЩ
ҵѣҴʲôô
ٴοڣȻŲĿ⣬Ŀδʮɨ
Сòǲ𣿡
ԥһ˵үү٣ԵЩײࡣ
Σסռңǽң
ƺˣضŽΣһһ粻ҵѣҲռҵĿˣֲ˵ģ
Ҳ˼
ɫһ䣬ѹͲ˵طռҵĿˣô԰ͣط磿
Ȼ
Ź鲻ţˣûҼطǰԽУͼƽϢŭ
ΣҺ㲢죬ҵȫ
ȫνͺ͵ǸĻᣬֱĻԺǰǿЦԽУ

ٴɫͬɫһ㣬һᷢ죬һᷢףǸо޲Ҹطȥ

ͬʱʮ궼һ±ƣû뵽ȻΪһССı˲ӡ
ܱߣЩע̬ĳҲһɻ
˵ҪʮٵĻռ׵Ķ
ѵ⽭ΣаҪ׵ӣ
ţ
Ⱥ֮УԭһȺΧŹά˿Ҳ쳣üͷһ
ˣ
ʱ֪˭˵һ䣬ʱת˵ע
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

һ̣˶ĿͶǰ
˵עУһ۾ӴӶ
ճгɣֵ顣
ΪȨеһԱֺĴһ飬˾רҽ
ʡǡ
гһһ߰ŽĿˣȻֱ˽ڵĵط뽭Ժͻƽк
£ֶЩ΢Цͷʾ⡣
ˣȫˣ
ȻԣЩͷʾʸûУ
飬ʦæˣ
ǰг֣ʵ
ţ׳ս֣㡣
гɵͷֺϲ鷨λʱÿ϶֣֮ʱĵÿĵ㵽㣬״򲻶
ã飬һ£ҺһСΡ
гɵĻԿһЦȻɿгɵ֣߳Ⱥ
ǣ׳һҲҪġгɶԻƽ˵
ţҵ֪ͨ
ƽͷûκβ
Ȼֶ֪֪֮ԣͽԣһˣһԼˣȫûȡ
һ£ȻһҪԡ
οְ٣֮⣬ҲٱƴһѵĿġܱܲסֵĴȣԼ
СΣȥʦ
ڳгƽ̸ͬʱ߳ȺŽ˵
ã
ԣϵһɨգȡ֮˷ܡ
ͬʱΧʮ꣬һĽʺ޵ؿŽΡ
ȻŸĹϵʸ԰Բʸ񵥶ּ棡
ǵĸûʸ
ȴĴ
⡭ܲǼʣ
ʮĽʵĿ⣬εʱת̲סٴνĿͶ
άǸΣ˵ףֻһײıҸϾҪүүףֻҪүүͷҵŮˣ
ǵΪ֮ĵӰţϵЦǽһá
״üͷøҲ֪޷ֹҸȥԼүү
׳Ҳȥ
ʱг߳Ⱥֱߵǰ˵
֪ˣ塣üͷһ䣬Ȼط˵磬ȵңȥȥ
£ųгɣŽҸӣ԰ӵĶȥ
ǣ˵ʡŽĻᣬռӺףô
ȥıӰĸͻȻڳƽʵ
Ӧ󡣡
ƽҲСϢͨһ·ͬԴӽϵճǣжϡ
ƽĻشǳǣʮ꣬һĽı顣
ΪǶɹζʲô
ܳɹ𣿡
Ľͬʱ̲סаԼ


082 һĻ
Ӧûɹ
ڳеĴ𰸡
һ棬Ȼ޷͸е̵ռʵ
үӵҲڳְĳίһֵݡ
үŮȥԼȨ֮⣬εĴ󲮽ˣʲڣк֮Ум䡣
ȽԺͽԣελùѷɫĳίʵȨСĳĹ󵱸ܡ
˵Խҵʵ޶Ϻзˡ
ռ׿̸̲ү£עҪ·ΪҪǣռУ֮⣬ǰ;ѳԽԣĵ˼оѧ棬־ڹٳ
һڲ̸̵ǰ£δĽһпܺռƽƽģԽ
һ棬ǾãûаյĻӦòóȻڡ
ЩٲΪҲܳɹˣҲԼɡ
һҲռңȻ׷ϣҪʱͽԵĹˡ
ڶ䲻
ϵһŮ
ѩ㣬
ۣýη
ǿĸʱռҵĹ⻷ȫྩЩ׹ݵĺ
οͨСϢ֪вٻ׹ݵĴǶܸȤ
ǣүӻͷͬ𣿡һ˺ʵ
ҿûδ֪
ƽЦſ˸Цüͷȴǲһ£ʻ֮˵Ŀдżֲá
ΪԷڸڿӡشỹǲᣬעҪˡ
˲ƽĿⲻãʶԼæ˻ȥ
ûûȤȡʻ֮˵ӡ
˵үӻͬ𣿡
ͬʱСӪʮ꾭ľȺĽ֮۷׷ף˸ʳеɻ
ýĵ
˵ԼĿȻˣһ˵ļƣοһ򲽽үӵͷǾͬ⣿⣬Σ

ʮһ
ǿȻҲֱ̫ˣ˵ȫ޹˼ɣת뵽ȻݺȻˡ
Űڳ޵ݵλ治üɵҡ
ڿ۵ͬʱռҹլΪףռңСȫˡ
УλԱ߿һλӡ̵λ˼Ѿݺ׹üˡ
Ĵ󲮺ķֱ·࣬űĲĸ٣ɷ
䣬ݵ֮⣬ҲǼеλ֡
ĴīǻľĳŵʵȨ˾һʮ꣬һϣżΪòŵĸȥƹĳС
Ȼһ˼ѧоϣھȫѷɫ֣ʤƣھλߣҶѧǸĴѧҲܸߡ
Ȼ겻ʮΪʡĴܼңûãûʱεģ̶ܴմֵĹ⡣
һƽƽƾ;ΪԲһ׵¡
ҲΪ򽭿ʾãұ̬ȣͬ⽭һԱպõչˡ
Ƭֵ̺˵ĵȴУгɴŽԡθԼſڡ
˴гɿһ֣ûָʾȻȥ
ŽΣݡ
ͬʱ֮У֮⣬˶վӭӡ
ʦף綫ˮٱɽɣԶ־Ϲףٴʡ
үүףտ֣٣
θžϹҲԼףףĥܾþõģḡ
лл΢ЦףȻɡ
ԣͷȻռüǵİ΢Цʾãϡ
УվڽԵ
ǲɫߵġٷ򸾵վüȻţһĵӡ
ԣѾԸȥˣ񡣡ֿеУѵ
ʦһ⡣Ц
زơҡͷ
ʦҸżȻõġʹ˵漣°ɡ˵
ţ
𽭿ԵĻĵ˶һ
ƽʢŶֻ
Ǽ֮ɾߣӰ鷨ңǻ鷨Ҫ̱
Ժŵ˵漣һֻղؼΪ֮Ļᱻۡ
͸ġʹ漣ԿϺ񣬶Ͷáƽоѧ֮⣬鷨
ȻҲǰһȻЦЦˣݺ񣬸ա
ʦ
Ի֡
һͺáִϡ
ðɡ
̾Ϊ˵õġʹûٻ˼ýεĴһʴǮȴû뵽ֲա
ʡүȻ񣬵϶˵ġ״ЦԲýΡ
ʦ߷ڣֵѧϰ
ԣֻýƵųźۼ˸ƨ
Ǹ߷ڣǵԱɲҪԼסԼĵߣĹ涨ܹƷɫ
ܽˡ
æӦȻ뵽Ŀģƨ˼˶СΣҸһ£ղͲĸ
ղĸ
ᣬضī򸾾Ϲ
ī΢Цͷ
̡
ٴνܣȻξϹʺúֵ˵㵽ѧУѧӦȥݷͰ̵ģ
ʮһڽȥݷ尢̣κܴؽӻ
ԣԲӣѧУǹҵģֻǹľȻ׵СΰݷþˣпտȥǼ档
õģ塣æͷ
СΣѾʶˣ塣ֽ䰮ˡ
Сΰ˵հ۵ݿģͷпնСΰѧϰ鰡İЦ˵
Ѵ֪˽ҸӴ˴ǰĿģ֪̬ȣȻҪ˵εĺû
ѧϰʮҲϲСΰֻҪѧľ飬ĵĴѧ
αԼ̧һǱԼǫѷһ棬ռ˵ĺӡ󣬸ΪҪ
Ȼ
ýƵǣҲûһۡ
ţ
Ҳ׽ķӦòǵүӲǹؼʦи飬֪ܲܽ
˵ɡ
ɫ
ʦģҼССͶϲֹһθһҸ˵ҪʦͷС
һ˵ǣȻ󻺻죬ٵӣð룬СһһĻᣬ𣿡


083 ׻ؾ
ò˵ܹչٳˮ˽Һֵ⻷֮⣬Ҳǿ
Ȼģûֱ˵ԡһ𡱴ף̽ռҵĿڷ磬Ӷ»أ硣
ռ˲ԣɽһףռ˷ԣҲǸӶ̫Σһպһ߻ᡣ

׵Ļβһ
ݵӿֳһ˿ĸо
ԭΪʮİղŻռף˿̣ԼãײûаգͲ˵һһĻᡱֻǻֱ˵ס
·Ϊӡ֤εĲ²һ㣬ԽԵڴĿ⣬ֲδ̨̬ƽ򶨡
⣡
ֵıý΢΢һϵЦ˲̡
һֱᵽɤϣеĲֱ
ԣСĺٵͷ⣬ʲô
Ժ󣬾͵һŵʱֵĿˣƤ߸ĺٷ򸾡
УΣΣ
ֵĻԵһĿͶĺٶˡ
ڵ˶飬Ҳò֣û
ӦѡȨԼŮ۹⡣
ǰ飬СԼ£Ǵ˵˲㣬Ҫ˫кøвС
ɫƽ⣬ΪС˹̸Ӧýѧϰϡ
УѵΪǿڽѧϰϵͬʱԽҲΪպһ춨
տЦ˵ЦѲһʼǰãԵøǣǿ
̣ĺٷ򸾶˻е˼
˲ͬͽһڲͬ⣡
ǽԣҲĺٷ򸾶˼
ɫ˲üΪѿ
ΪԼûиºӡ
һ£ѡýָͷҲ뵽ʲôý
Ų飬͵͵
ͬʱԺռҲǿȴ̬
Ҳһûò˲ص˽̸ܺ
˵Ŀ⣬üͷڱ̬ǲãն

ȻĻռˣǽҸӣǴסˡ
ȻǶû뵽Ȼ˵һ
ֱⷬ˵ؾܾ˽Ե飬ֱָûòˣ
ৣ
ݵ󣬽εɫ˲üΪѿǸоԼԼһαлҪƣ
ȶԣԵȻҲú⣬û¶ϣǿЦʵǲǺСʲô᣿
ǰСͦòİǲˣ
Ҳˣֽ֧ףȻΪϣãҲýҸ̫ѿ
һѵĸѧУıǰ죬һȥʹ̲ȼٴ棬·˽κѡʱκλǰֳΪŨҵԽУ֮λѺܲء
ûὭԺ򣬶ǿһһ죬ҴҵѺ԰뽭档ֱӵڳЦѵĸ磬˵һ԰һܻ飡

Ļεɫѿͼڽʲôֲ֪ν͡
Ϊ˵Ķʵ
ʼգûƹط硣
ط統ǵ潫ȶ˺ҲֻΪطûнط
ζû뵽Ȼط̬ȣܾһ˵ú˿ǸӶ档
ȦӲͬ˵ĲҲͬСߵˣǳϺõģЩԽҲġ
״Ϊοѣ⣬ҲΪڽһӣһıȷף㶼ӦôЩͬѧ֮ǰͣѹģ
ͬѧ˵Ҳõ˰ֵ
Ļ£üһۣȻֵ֣֧ľһضûеˣôܺһҿˣıҪûУ

˵֮ǰǷֻ˾ȵĻôʱ˿̣ĵıֱ̬ˣ
ֵıҲˣ
һ棬ռҵڶĺģĻռҶз
һ棬ĸףԼŮϣлȨ
ΪҪǣĻڳ׻ؾ˽Եףҽ˵һǴ˵ڴ˽Ҹӵ
ǽԳǸǿҲЦˣǱɫѿͬʱгŲ⡣
ȻĽҲռңǱ޴ȫûбҪΪһײı׺ͽ
οֵĵ
Ҳֺѿ
ǽԲ⣬ī򸾣Ȼ
ֶΪЩ
ȻгŲɻ󣬵ûһ˿ڣĿƵģԵøѹ֡
ˣ
ͬʱεɫЩס
֪ĸղǷ׷һϣ
ⱲӲܳΪŮˡ
Զܣ
СοЩطûãͷһѵУֶŮ½⡣
ԱϾǹٳȻкǲˬûзûбֳǾԼԵúƽʦ쿪ʼˣ֮ǰ˵Ҫ̸ҾȴСγȥˡ
á
ֵͷȻֵ԰СĵӴСûЩҲҪ̫⡣
ô⣿෴һøлУ֪Сεȱ㣡ۿָԼ̨£ǿջЦȴǶĺܲ
£Ƕ΢΢ǷȻֶռ΢Цͷ
ڴ˹Уī򸾣ȫͣΨĺٷһ
һĻ뽭УкǱЩŭ
ٷ̫ǸӶˣ
ī򸾣ҲġٷЩˡ
ǿ㽭βˣµӡʮ⣬ġٷҲԴԣ
һ˼
˽ġ
ľ־ڹٳ̲ͣӦΪռҺͽҵĹϵӰ졣
ţôԲֻǶԽβӦû顣
ڵȣĵĽ͡
磬Ϊһزʶĵײ㱣ôԴʡ̫ðɣ
򽫽ԡθӶͳ⣬Ȼ󷵻У̲ס˵
ղ˵ͣҪͬѧü򣬷ʵ
ǰǰֵٳĿ˷Ǹĳô˿ΪԼˡ
Ϊͬѧûʸף٣ǰɣٴʵЩͳ
磬㵽˵ʲô
ҲüͷĽʵ̫ˣͽҸ˺ƤҶͬѧҪЩ
Сãྩؼҵĺûʸף٣ͻȻ˵

ɲǼ䣬һƬ
ڣһ𾪵ؿġ
磬˼ǣͬѧྩؼҺ
ܿ챻ƣһ±Ƶؿģš
еıؼ׳ء簮Ҳྩ˾Ա301ҽԺԺĶӣ
ٴοڣȴǾը죬һƨ˵ϣ˵ûʸף٣


084 ߣ裡
ټݣÿ£ܹ˵ĺ
⣬ڣ˶һ𾪵ؿģǸо·ʣôܣ
ô
ྩؼҵĺؼ׳ء簮ĸǻľߵλٽ
һˣȻǶѧı
ǿֱ췽ҹ̷
Ҳ֪ľԲ鿪Ц
ֲã㲻ǺͽҵĹϵýѿԭΪС硣ӹȻع񣬿Ц˵
ֻطҪ֪طڶѧ
Ҹվ;öһ㲻Ҹ飬û뵽ܾȻΪС磡
īҲˣղŲɣΪĵЩǷף֪ԭί˿ˡ
ռҺؼٺطĸһϹսĺýãȻҪطͷ
ΪҪǣ˵̲ˣûؼȣ
Ժŵ˵ؼӪһ壬ѹýҴ
磬㡭ô˵
ˣ֮ǰͣʢط缸˵ĳǷŵӰһϵԺ֡
һ̣ҲûаΪʡܼҺռҺ磬µĺһһĿֻ벻
ǿؼҰ
ȨƵļ֮һ
֪طȻؼҵĴв㡮ڡؼ׳۰ص丸ؼҵеľٽһֻʱ⣬Ҳ⣬Ԥպͷλá
һµȨӵԼүӰ٣ȴ֮⣿
οطǰԼүӰ٣пܴĲǸˣǴؼң
⡭ֻܲţ
С絽ѧУŲΪ֪ĿģпִȻҪݽбܡĽ͵
СãҰңԲ͸©ʵݣͣʱҲ֪ô˵̾˿
֮ǰʢ˽ط缸˾֮ʱϵ˻һֻû뵽ûô죡
ҡҸô죿
ľսʵƨƵģ
ʱ⵹ط缸ˣǻ̬ȥӭӡ
֪еıط磬ԻһʱҸӣǰ˵
Ȼ
û
Ҳûкҩ
һֻ̣һ¡Σ
СҲֹһθ˵˲ֻ棬˲ܼǲҲ̲ס̾˿֮о֮⡣
뵽طпܴؼҶȻҲ⡣
οһطˣΪҲ̫޴ˣ
ֻ֪ط綥ؼҵĹ⻷ΪȨһԱ֪øࡣ
ط뿪Ӫ֮ǰؼҵĴɫģ
û֮һ
֮УѪɫ
ΪսСӶӳط磬ǻľߺУ
Ҳǻľеĵ֮
еĻľ
ǾеĻ
һݣԻ͵Ĺȥͳɾ͡
ΪһˡĴ뿪˾Ӫ˭Сƣ
֣ҪҪȥǸ
˵ţֱվǸо·ֻҪֵͷһʱȥطǸϴ
СԸ˵Ұ٣»˵
ֿϣо˸Сǰؼҳ˼ؼҰٵĻ¾ˣ
ৣ
ⷬī򸾺ķɫͬʱһ䣡
ڣ򡭡
ֵĻ£ҲҲѪɫ԰ֽ
ȻǶⷬ˼
طĴؼҶô˵Ǹ⣬ռӣ
һ£ط֮⣬Ϊطûʸ԰š
ЩǴؼҳؼҳô룿
үүΪӦǴԼٵġۿ˶һǵģ˵
á
ԣǰһȻֳ˵С˭С򶼲Ӧý֮⣡Сȥͳ飬һͬȥС
ã
æͷȻسȥ
ԣֻҪܻطԭ£Ҫ˵ȥط磬ǵڸطǸǵڰطҸӣ˵֣
Сע⣬˳֮⣬Ҫй¶Сݡֿѵ
֪ˣ֡
ͣ½Ųع˵ͷȻųȥŵʱߵ̫Եڵء
ͬʱ
լͨ԰ӵ·Ͽյģδ̤㣬ֻнҸӵӰ
С·ľܹҸӶ˵ĽŲ
С·ֲŸϡеĻľ΢紵Ŀ
Ȼ
ǽԻǽΣС·Եûһۡ
üͷǰ档
Ƿѧʦȥ칫Ƶģͷں棬ϳŽźͲ
ղ˵öô
Ȼͣ½ŲͷŽΣʵ
֡
ͷһʶ˵ʲô
ҪѣԴϽεĻ档
ʵ
ԭʲôԵŭ⣬ֱӽĻʻ˶ӣֻŲص˵ͷ
Ķ׷һģұ裬һƳ㣡
ԣûһ£ȻɸֵѵҸ˵˶ٴΣǰĴ󻷾¶Ҫ͵㵹ãҫģҾȻѡԴô
֣Ҳû뵽ôǸ
ᣬôҲû뵽Լ׵飬ᱻһײıˡ
ң뵽ʲô뵽һǿô뵽֮ǴȥǽһΪ޵Ц𣿡
ŭ£ͷѵ

ԶԣͬʱжطĺһԸӵĵزǸо޲̽طҲŽ
ûط磬ͬһҲǸӶ˱裬ýҳΪ޵Ц
ۿĬ˦˦֣ȻһӲͷƤǰ԰ӡ
Ϊ׺аգзųҪռ飬ҲǽǰΪԼƣð˳ϣʮɡ
鷢չһ͵ɷʴףûбסռʱĴȣҪΪ˵Ц
һǸҲѪЩ֪ԽΡ
εͷĬĬظں棬ǰ˵ĿŲ
һ̡
·𿴵˿ϵĳͱġ
һ̡
ް뿪ʱĽ͵⣬еֻǲǸо޲
ߣ裡
ˡ


085 ȫ
ʮ֮˾š
ܶʱǲȥһЩ飬ҪȥͬģЩ飬ǲԣҪȥԡ
˿̣ڽҸӶˣˡ
ԵĻ뿪Ƕ֪ߣ׼ȷ˵ֵǰǶ뿪
԰ɷֳӪгһӪСһӪ
ǳˣ
ܿģԺͽθ԰С·ߵ԰ʱһۼ⣬ˡ
ৣ
˵Ļ£ط֮⣬еĿˣֹͣ˽̸ԼͬؽĿͶˡ
Ƕ֪Һռҵ׽
Ȼͳ¾˶Ӧ뿴ԺͽεķӦ
ط磬ͬȻ¾һ֪˽ԽԺͽθ˵ķӦûʲôȤ
ǰԺͽθ˵һʱ˵Ŀ⣬ȫû֮ǰĽ͵⣬෴âڱֻӲͷƤǰߡ
һ
̶̼ʮ׵ľ룬ڽԺͽθӶ˶ԣǱȵľ뻹Զ
ڣ߽ˣδȺһվš
ţ
һĻоһ
ܹĿˣ˵ȫǸʿľӢŷḻͲԹɫϸڸӡ
˿̣ͨԺͽθӶ˵ϸڣǻԿ϶ʧˣ
һжϳһ㣬ʮҲͬһ㡣
Ȼ
Ƕһ㣬ǶЩη彭ңûҵڽҶ̣ǵʲôûз
٣˵ˣЩ˰һ⣬ܡǣİҪ˹ײĲᡣһᣬͿʼװˡ
˿˵ʱȻˣĴ˶
԰֮ǰֻǿ߽Σͬͽν
ε˵ڿȡЦطʱʮջֻʱˣû˵ʲôڵȰطĻᡣ
˿̣ò׵ȵᣬĻŹ

ȻĻ˶һ
¾ضû뵽ȻȻʱͺܶһҪʹˮļơ
ΨطȻķЩ˽⣬û⡣
㵵ͬʱؿǵнĽΣǳǸĽԣɫһ䣬ŭ
ν˲˵Ҷ̡
ǸոձռҴ˿ֱȻҶֻ̣һֻڶ
ȻкơŭŬؿţĿʾ⽭βҪӦ
С㣬ô֪Ҫһ𣿺ο㽭һ𣬱ܾҲòô񶾰ɣ
ʱһվΪִԡ
ճְʱҲճѧвٺѣ֮һ
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091 뿪԰֮ʱ֮ʼ
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092 Ҫˣ
һԣһеľúҹϢϢصġԽĳУҹԽḻ
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յĺҹǹҹܣһ㶼ĻȨȻ˵СΣ飬ͲòˡȤ㣬һ׽󣬸绰ûǸȤֱ˰
磬ɣнһͺá룬Զ֡
á
绰ͷճǸĳ˵ţֱӹҶ˵绰
ͷԭƻ¡
ؽֻɳϣվڼԶһͷ˵
ͷΰڽķ⽮ճǵһ۵λ¡źͽˡ
֪ΪȣԭԶʮ꿪ʼѷʮʱҲͷ
ΪˣһֱǹͷŹͷ
ȻôƺģһۣһĻӼṧغһү
õģү
ͷһʱ
ǸǸӲӣҪЭô
ۿͷҪתȥЩĵʵ
үС¶첻ãҲͲûˣֱĹȥˡͷӵظ𸴡
ãס㡣һ˵ãҪͻŰ۵Ů׽ҲŪŪˡ
˵ţ뵽ȥˣɭɭŰɱ鸾ҾͼŮҪ޴ˣ
£ֻڰźͽյͬ£첽ſڡ
Ҫˣ
ͷں棬Щľ˷ܣ


093 
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
طȻ¾˽ʺưɺǴĳħһ㣬ϵžư˵Ŀ⣬·ߣҲʱʱ͵Ů
طҲմŮĹ⣬˳Ϊ˹עĶ
ǿĿв⣬ҲĽʺޡǶ֪طƾʲôԴλŮʺưˣ
Ǻȵʲô
˵עУطŮһĿ΢ЦʵĿȴǲŮ֮תƺŮ֮˭Ư
ưɣ㿴أ
Ȼ˵ţֿط磬ѯط
֮ǰһЩ׾ƣûǺЩơƣط
ΪľųǴħŴԺС켣ƳںȾƻЩġ
һԣ׾ƣƺơƵĻ׺رܣơƵĻԻܵöࡣ
ͬ顣ͷ͡
ҶԾƲ˽⣬ǿɡ¾˵
ҡ
ظտڣ㱻ȻˣǾơưɣ򡣡

һ
һȦӵֻȺƣǱƸߵĺơ
ΪΪƷʵһ֡ơƶǵ˿ȵģ
ԭ˵ԼȺƣơƺͺƶһЩģ˭֪ȻѹڵĻᡣ
õģСԣˮƴǻҪ𣿡΢ЦŻӦ
ˮƴһݣС㿴ϰ˷ݡȻֱİ塣
õģԵȣ
߷ɿؼȻԥһ£ȻʵŮȻ𣿡
ǣϴˡ
ȻҡͷϣǳݵĻܿᴫȥǽľƾûˡ
ⲻԸ⿴ģ
ϾĿģһΪ˸¾ףһҲطһȺȾƣһˡ
ò˵ʺưܹճǵһ˼ɫװ޷֮⣬λҲռһأˮСԺˮƴϵúܿ죬ӱˣθط缸˵þƲȥ
ΪСΪүүıŵӸɱȻһƱɱ
ɱ
ظ͡
лл
¾Ҳ˾Ʊ
ط΢΢üͷ
Ϊز˿֮⣬ﲻĴ󺺶ڹעڵĿ
Щ󺺶ǳĹԱ׼ȷ˵ǿӵԱ
֣طپЩԾ
ȻŮǴŮЩӵԱӦһֱעϾ˵ķУϾưɵĹ涨
壬㷢ʲôأ˾ưۿطٳûж˾ƣȻߴٵ
ϲ㣬С
طԣ˼лع¾أȻ뼸һ
һ¶ǣط緢֣ٿѾջĿ⣬˵עȲ֮ǰôǿˣЩ´֮ͬǰһȻ߿
ȻȷճͬģطüͷһȻʵ
϶ͬ⣬ôˣ
Ȼܸɴشûаѵӣ壬ôͻȻ
ое㲻ԡ
طʵ˵ţȻʵּȻͬճǣߺͽˣ
ӦǰɣҲ̫ȻѣȻЦſЦ壬Ѳ߰
ǵǣֻ̫࣬һʲô⣬˲ط˵
壬ˡ뿴ռճǵĵλʮӣҲɣȻ˿ġ
Ҳˡ
ط簵ҡͷٶ롣
һ棬Ȼ˵ճǶռˣϻͷϰë
һ棬֪ȻڵģŰ۲ͬȻճǵĻȻ϶ˡ
һȻ͵͵ŰҲӦô绰
ּ

ۿطûдɳʵףȻ˿ȻȾơ
һƿƿƿ
ơƺܿ㱻һ롣
ȥ䣬˭ȥ
һơƺ꣬ȻЩﲻסˣѯʵ
ط˷׷ҡͷ
Ȼ״Ƶ뿪ǰ䡣
ͬʱ
԰
Űͮɢ֮󣬳˸裬Ȼ뵽һ춼ûȻϢóֻͨīĵ绰
īȻǱûʲôɣ绰ͨŰۿżɽʵ
磬ȻȻ龫֣ˮ࣬СɺСţӦòӣοһֱû绰Ļʹ绰ī˵
绰Сɣʲô
֪ΪΣСһֱûиī绰㱨ŰĪЩ³īԸ
õģ磬ھ͸Сɴ绰ٸص绰īܹܵŰ۵ĵǣæ˵
š
Ű˵ţҶϵ绰ֻŵһԣȻϰԵصȼһ֧۵ĺ˫ϲ
ˡ
Ӻ󣬲Ű۳һֻ֧̣𶯵
ž
Ụ̋Ȼֻʾīĵ绰Ѹ½ʵīһ𣿡
磬СɺСĵ绰ͨ
īЩźͲȻǱ϶״򲻻
ʲʲô
ŰԣֱӾôɳվüͷ˲ˡΡ
磬̫ˣǰԢʲôīھε˵
ԴȥԽԽã
Űüɫѿָʾ
ǣ磡
īæӦȴǻˡ
ΪŰһͬɽԪϣκ˶ȻŰǺεȵҪ
һ£Ȼֲ⣬޷һֺ
ŰûٸīϻֱӹҶϵ绰Ȼͨطĵ绰
ȻûбְĻô϶Ǹطȥճˡ
ˡ
ʺưطһʱֻŰ۵ͨ
Ȼһ𣿡ŰۿżɽʵԽ
ţһ𡣡
ط˵ţ뵽֮ǰЩ´󺺵ķΪʵܣͬճǣߺͽ𣿡
ͬȥճǣŰһô˵ģ
š
е£ҷǵͬȥص˿ڶ뱻Ϸˣˡ֪ȻطһŰҵȻжϡ
ã
طԣɫʱһ䡣
ôˣ
ͻıʣŰ۵͵һ˲ᵽɤϡ
ĵ绰ѹػ
ûлشطֱӹҶϵ绰Ȼĵ绰Ѿػˡ
֣طеĲֱ
ͬʱŰֽ绰
ĶҪȥ
طûнӵ绰Ƿɿضͳ¾һ䣬ȻһͷԱһ˲ɳϵ𣬴Ůӹ첽䡣
ܣԺعȥ
ܹУطͨ绰ȿڣȻ󲻵ŰۻػٴιҶ˵绰
ʮӺطɿشȺſڣȻ˺ܶࡣ
ţ
һĻطͣ½ŲûֱӳŮվſڣȻ
ûлӦ
Ȼش𣡡
طһһغ
ˣ
Ӻط綼ûӦʱʶʲô
Ȼˣ


094 ׷
ȻʶȻˣط粢ûеһʱ绰֪ͨŰۣѸ뿪䣬žưڼٱȥ
ֻҪȻûбưɣһж˵֮ͻü֡
ಣ
ƹ£طһΣͬһӰȺд

һŮʹ߶ẓ̌׼ȥ;ƣһӰٱŵúһһ
һˣʱ˽խͨˡ
ž
һĻطٶȲӽŮߵʱ˫һţȻڿն

һ̡
ŮߺΧĿɿڴıУطһֱֻӴͷӹ˫أ˳ǰһţһ֧ҵļһ㣬ѸʧȺ֮С
ѵҳ˻þ
⡭ĵӰ𣿡
꣬𣿡
طʧȺ֮УŮߺΧĿ˲ȺعһĲšղһУֻڵӰ
ûһУطٳȺȻȣٳſȥ
ʮӺط籼ưɴţĿ絶һɨͣȻһµQ7ͣʻȥ
ȡҡ
µQ7ĺλϣȻվھưſڵط磬ˮ֮˿˾ݣץų֣ȡ
ţ
طۣؿȻȣ½һţٳŰµQ7׷ȥ
룡
ͬʱµQ7λϣһ󺺼״ͺһһֵȻĺϣʱȻ˹ȥ
ϵŵ㣬ү˵ˣѾͷҪ𡣡ϣһѵ
ǺǣСأֻǽζѡ
Ц˵˵ʵѾͷ۰Ҫүصضֵܼ˿·Ϻúܡ
֣֪ѾͷүҪģҪôˣָ̫ˣѵȻʻʻͣ
ţ
һĻٱеط磬üͷһȻ󿴵ԱһɯܲųƣһӸӳ£ճԿף׼ǰưɡ
ಣ
һĻطһΣ˲ƳһӰѸٽӽӸ磬ȻһӣһѽԿõС

ͻһĻùӸֱվԭء
Ժ󣬵Ӹлعʱطţ
ҡҵĳ
һĻӸһ߳żɤӴһ߳Լİ
ˡ
Ȼ
Ӧһط͵زţɯܲöȻֱܳӳ
ȡ
һ̣͵ӸΪԼİҪײʱ̥Ħʡ
ҹĻ£ڹӸҹԱĿɿڴıУɯܲһƯ˦βƯƣȻͣڡ
顪
Ӻײͣڵֱӱײϣطʻɯܲʻֵ
һУƸӣʵֻڶ̶̲ʮڷ
ʮӵʱ䣬µQ7ûп̫ԶطܿڽֵϿˡ
Ժ󣬾͵طţ׼ǰİµQ7µͬʱһS600ɯܲú󷽲Զ֡
һȡʱ䡣
S600λϣͷĿضǰɯܲã˵
ǣү
˾һʱӦȻ͵زţܼѵıS600һͷޣųԽǰֱɯܲöȥ
һɯܲڸǡСһ׼ʱǰĺ̵·ڰѶԷ˦S600ĺϣͷ´
ǣү
ԣɫһ䣬ٻӦһȻԿ˾ģǱ׷Ǹ˵ˣүСȡʱ䣬׼ʱں̵·˦
ˡ
Ļ󺺶ʱŲȵףµQ7˲٣ǰʮ·ڡ
ͬʱط翴µQ7ı仯ԼˣҪŲȵ׷һɫĽγͬһӰӺܳȻ͵رסǰĵ·
ͻıʣطüͷšһѸٴһѷȻԱߵĳԽ˱S600׷ǰİµQ7
Ȼ
ʱµQ7嵽˺̵·ڣźָʾǻƵƣѾ1ɺơ
ৣ
ҹĻ£µQ7ȫûм٣۵糸سʮ·ڡ
󷽣طʻĳǰһͣ˰ǰס˵·ʼʮ·ڡ
Ϊˣط粻òɲͣ
ˡ
ʱطڴֻٴԭ΢ڰĳԵø̶
طͳֻһŰ۵磬½
Ȼ׳ʲô£
绰ͨŰۿżɽʵȫûղɽĳƣ෴Խ
°ˣ׷طԼظ𸴡
ʲʲô
طĻشŰ۵˲ȥæʵôᱻ°ߣ
ġ
ط򵥵ؽ龭ŰۣȻֿ˵ܣģһȻؾȻ
Ϣʱң
طĵĻŰ۲δ˵
ȻճǱ°ߣýֺͷҲ뵽߸ɵģ
ǰʱ䣬ո˰ߵ鸾ػι㣬°ŮƱػбпѾˣ
һ£֪طſֲĸҲ޷ĵĵǡ
طܹܵŰ۵ĵǣûٽʲôֱӹҶ˵绰Ȼһߵֿһֻͨһ绰
绰ͨ绰Ǳߵ˲δ
Ůңطȿڡ
ʦʦ
绰ͷոճˮŮȥͷϵˮ飬ֱӾԭء
š
طǳԼݣȻֱŮţҪһæ׷һֻźһźţźӦһ㲻Ҫҵ绰׷ٵźźָ׷
ǣʦ
Ů˼شӦ
Ȼ֪طҪʲôûʡ
Ȼ֪Υй涨ں
Ϊ绰ͷ
ʦ
Ҳе


095 ߴճ
ҹɫŨճǵС˵ͱ䣬ͻȻ˴磬ѹѹʣԼе֣ƺԤʾһ꼴٣
ڷɱҹ
S600ͷŴХԼ⻬ԴһЦȻóֻͨĵ绰ǲõңֱӿ
ǣү
һʱӦȻͷҶϵ绰æ˾үֱ￪үӦţٶȿ㡣
ϣ
Ĵ˷ܵعֽţȻڴʵ磬°ôƯ˵үү᲻ǣ
ǿ϶ģҹʹͲ٣㿴ϵģɼû⣡
ЦţȻһԵȻЩ뵽ָҪˣû
ΪĲֹһˣһ˸ߴС棬˵͵ռȻıˣҪԲ˶ߣ
ֵܱͱ
ڻ켣Щ飬ûټ
绰һͷͷ뵶ͨæߴ˸绰
үѾŪˣָصϡ
绰ͨͷ뵶ͨʱǷݰһػ㱨
ô˳ԣپЩ⣬Ȼֲĵʵûʲô©ɣ
û©ֻиСҵ°ȻıڣǸ׷˳һ׷ոʮ·ڸ˦ˡ
ȷ˦ˣ߲ġ
š
ͷһ϶̵·ڵʱһӣط׷ʱ򣬵ĳûӰˡ
ҲץúãҪصˣؽιָʾ֮ɱڡ
ǣү
ߵĻ뵽ײе㣬ͷûɸеһ⣬ֹ˼֡
С죬٣ץϵָص㣡
ͨͷ˶񣬳˾⣬ΪԷһ֮ǰҪһ·
õģү
˾Сԣһ󲻽̾ͷķǿ

ͬʱһG65ҹĻ뿪Ž·ʻ˹ҵ԰
ո𿪳ڸʻϣں档
û뵽ô˳ǸصҲûеôаЦЦ˵
Ҿ;Ǹơ˵Ҫүţҷ˺ɣ
ֵɲĶءŴȤ
ǲǻ𣿡
շ˸ۣ˶ֻ֪ǹúãȴ֪ŵĵͬɫֹһγ䲻õɱˣԷ޷
ˡ
ۿŸն죬ֹ߳ȻǶԣ׵Ǹص飬ֻ§ݴӣ˳ΪûҪ̸̫ࡣ
һڣǰţǽնˡ
̶ȼһڣȻóֻֻͨһ롣
Ǹ룬Ѵ˶꣬ûд
ΪŰ۵ĵ绰
үþò绰ֵܿͨ˵
ߣ
ŰȻֻй֮Եǵߵ˿Ϥһ£ȷ˶ԷݣȻѯʵ
үüԣȻǵҵЦ
ߣŮŰʵ
үʵǰʱ䣬İŮˣΪ˺Բ£Ȳ£˯ţֱ
ߴʣڸһ㣬˵ţүأÿɺãţҲ²£϶ú󡭡
ȻŰߵĻ
ҷѾ˼ŮŪ֣㾹Ȼҷҵүڶ𣿡߹ŵ˵
ߣҪôŮҪôҲϧһдȥ㣬ԼѡŰ۲Լŭ⣬ֱ̳˺ݻ
үҺ°
߼˵ţȻһɫȻһ䣬ɭŰۣҼȻץŮƴɣҪҪھŮ
Ű۳ĬǱסѨ
ˣŮǵһŮģҪֱҲ̫ϧˡ
ۿŰ۳Ĭߵ˼֣ҵļƻһһŮ˵ζȻҵֵһĵãЩٽˣֱӰŵҹܻᵱС㡪ܣҵİΣ
˵ɣҪʲô
ߵĻŰ𣬺޲ߣϾǾ˵ĴۣܺõؿԼ̸ģʽ
үͶǺɱɱʲô߼Цţ̸
ûÿʲôĻǾ͵ٸҴ绰Ű˵
үΪСϷûá
䳰ȷˣҲˡŮԣӦ
˵
Űۻ³һ֡
һҪֽͨǮׯתˣһֶУ
֪ʱˣٶȦӣʼֱ⣬ڶ˳
ߣθ治С
ŰɫѿʲϰڣͬһϵʽޣһóڣڸѪ
֮⣬պͶĵطЩһֱŰ۵ĵ̣ҲΨһûĵ̡
һŰѡ˳ʧĲ⣬Ҫ
Ҫ֪ǰʱ䣬ɱߵ鸾ųݻֻҪ߸ҽ˶ֽι㣡
ãڴԼ
θڴҵû˵ء
ЦҸ˵֮⣬еҪǸطԴ
ǰҿԿǣһܡ˲ҵˣҸŮƸõļְڣҾŰӦ
ûϵҲҪ㶯ֻ֣ҪǰҴ˾ˡһԸԴ
һӹɵĿڿ˵һСʱֻһСʱʱ䣡һСʱҵòĴ𰸣ⱲӾͲҪŮˣ⣬Ҿ㣬ҪƻϵĹأŮ³֮ǰ˵øң
£Ц˽
һߣڶ԰鷿Űۣòֻ

ȻգȴǱۣһȻȼһ֧۵ĺ˫ϲţƺͨŶԼ侲
ΪŰۺڽ۹ʦī֪Լû˵վһԣΡ
ī֪ͨˣʮӺٿƵ飬ֻܶԲμӣ֪Уһ֧ȼŰ´˵һָʾ
ǣ磡
īȻŰûмڵ˼첽˳鷿
Űͷͨطֻ
ȻĿǰߵոҴ˵绰ҪŻˡ绰ͨŰͳ˵
ʲô
绰ͷطһ߿һֻʵ
óֽͬʱ˳
Ű˵ǰͣһ£Ȼż⣬ҪԴ
ܣȻĻôԱ֤Ǹ֮ǰ˵֮ǰ˺Ʊôط練ʣ쳣侲û˿
ţǵġŰ۸϶Ĵ𸴣ǹء
ȻˣҾͷˡ
ط簵˿ղ֮ԲϧŮĹϵȫΪûߵ·ȻΪһʱȻ
ȻѾ֪ߵ·ȷȻʱڲ£ʱ
㡭
Űֹطֵ̫ˡ
ܣģҼȻӦȻһȳ
طһһ⣬Ϊ˶ԽʾǸ⣬һ
ʲôŰʶʵ
յĻȨ
ط赭д˵ţ˵һ΢С£ߴճ


096 
Ϊ̲ĴۣŰƿŶҹĻȨһķˣ˵һŵ˵ʬǣվ˶֮ۡ
һУӵһԶͨ˼ǿࡣ
Ȼ
طĻ󣬻Ǳԭء
նߣգ
ֹһһУҲѡ
ϾӵаźͽλұۺŮʦһйٷĿɽ
Ҳ˵ܹɹɱߣҲȡߣƿյĻȨ
ǣߵĹٷ̨һ⵹
ѳΧȻܶΣδжӶԼŮڳγµľ档
ʱ˿̣ط˵һУСӹҼһס
Ϊطſֲֵط⵹ҸӣԸйҲԸطĻ
ľǳɹȻŮ
𾪹ŰſڵĿǰȻߵУҪߣ᲻ᵼȻʲô⣿
ܣϢ
طʣ֪Ű۲ûĻҲ˵һ仰
ȻҲܹŰۣվŰ۵λúͽǶȣҲԲš
á
Űûٶ˵֪ԼղǷеĵζвεĳɷڡ
ڴӦߵ֮ǰֻܽϣطϡ
顭
Ժ󣬾͵Ű۽طͨ鷿ű졣
īɡŰ۷ֻ˵
磬˶֪ͨˡīŶ룬㱨
ߡ
Űֻī뿪鷿ǰĻҡ
ԭûлңŰ˽Ҵͨװ޳˻ң治̴ľĻһ䱸Ƶĸ豸ٿƵ顣
ī֪ͨŰµĹǸɺ󣬱ңƵ豸
Ű۴ī߽ңͨͶӰǿŹڣۼŵȫˡ
Űīͬ£첽ߵͶӰǶ棬ϰԵصȼһ֧۵ĺ˫ϲһڣ³һŨܵ
λһͻ¼Ϊ̫ټǵˣֻٿƵ顣
˼̺Űۿˣֱ⣬ͳȻУ
Źŵ޷ı飬ȴͨͶӰʾĻ棬ؿÿһ˵ķӦ
ؿŹڣϢ֮󣬾ǲ̶ͬȱˡ
ľҾͲｲˡ
Űûи˿ڷԵĻᣬǼ˵·֮߸Ҵ˵绰ֻҪҴӦͷˣ򽫻ɱȻҪöĵֶζԸȻ
Ű۵Ļ£ƵУŹžʾԼҪԡ
Ű΢΢ףʾͬ⡣
ƵŹŴ򿪻Ͳʵ常Ȼ߰ܺͨô
߸һСʱʱ䣬Ҹظ֮ǰȻʲôŰۻڣǻӦŹţҲ˵
ǻãȻʱ¡
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󺺽ǽϣŴ亹ֱóԽ˿ĭ״ε˵үһ¥ȡǹ̫̫ˣһ¶ͷ¥ʮֵܣֵˡ
ģһˣ費ħ֣ô˱ų
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101 鷢
ҹɫī׵Х곹ϯճޡ
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ڰʹ˿־壬칫¥ſڣصĴ󺺿ƹ󣬾˿Ȼ׷ֵͲ
ͬʱǲʮ׵ĲݴУطԭèǱǰ˿̿ƹ𣬵ֹͣǰڵأͨݴԵķ϶۲һſڵ״Ȼ̧֡
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102 ɱ˻
칫¥Ű꽻ӣ칫һƬڣطĻ󣬶Ĭˣɫʮѿ
ӣ
ӣʮǹֱȫɥаߴӽĹǸɾӢ
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үҴ˾ˣʣ㡣
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ͬʱ칫ҵĴ󺺣ŵľٶ󣬷׷װӣǹ׼¥ݿڣһط֣ͷǹطǹɱ
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ط治ɫԼأο۶ֱӽ뽫󺺻Уӵǵĺ룬Դ·̳һ㡣

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࣬طûпǹĻᣬƿǰʬ壬վǹ¥ݿԱǼ칫ҡ

칫ŵҲûа֮ǰȻʱţеֻǿ־壬Ŀ־壡
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103 ңô
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Ϊŵˡ
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̶̲ʮӵʱʮ˺ߴӽĶʮӢǸԼţһʮˣȫطɱˣ
طҪ֣ܲ־壿
־ĲǹͷպȻ
պͰͬΪߵұۣ˴֮ǳϤ
պųǹ֮⣬Ҳܲһֵܼɵ
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Ŵʮ˶޷ɱط磬һεֵط磿
ô죿
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鷢չڣѾȫԤ룬ñݡ
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үǿߡߡ
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ۿɫȻû֮ǰձץʱһ򶨡
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ͨϣɹһξɱ֮ѡ
һΣߵһӵһǹ
һΣԵһɱ֡

ܿ죬ͷߵָʾߵ칫ſڣһ˰칫ţȻѸٺһŵס塣
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Ӧߵһǹ졣
ߵвط治ɫ̧־һǹ
ۡ
ӵХ׼ȷޱȵػ˽յԴѪĽ
ǿһ󳯺Ե

һĻǹͷ߶סˡ
ԭΪʣط粻طȫںֱӿɣȫ·ƣǿƵһͿ

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ͬʱԲ۾ؿط磬Ǹо·ʣôģ
ϣʮ֮ڣûǹɱң
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģط翪ˡ
£طֶȻŷ
ꡪ
һ죬ߵֹ˲飬ɭ׵ĹͷѪһ𣬱¶ڿУȥʮˡ
ǰѴɳĮ֮䣬ŵƹڿǹѾˣ

һĻͷŵһԵ˵ϡ
һ̣Լǲǳ˻þôǿˣ
ͷˣοߣ
Ǳ˵еħʦʩ˶һ㣬ӲվԭأȫʹͿ־壬ֻǵɴ۾һãȻؿط硣
ôһؿš
ž
촫ɳĮ֮˵ϣ̶
Ȼ
ǹͷȻһ±Ƶı飬ƺûдӸղŵľлع
ط磡
ͬʱȻߵ֣һ˽طȾѪĻС
ʶطһεط溰ط֡
ƹ£رط磬ϳżǸж
CCưɱץʱЧط־
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ĸһڴطܹ֣˵ط类˦ˡ
һ̣ң
ڴٻ롣
Ȼ
գط绹ˣ
һڲʮʱ֮ɱʮˣȻȫߵв
лллҡ
Ȼرط磬ط˵
ҿıڡ
طɵ˵ţȻȾѪ֣ȻԴʾο
ţ
ʱطؿԭŵĹͷعȻϢŲ֣׼̧ǹ
Ȼô·ҳȫ㣡
طŤͷĿ絶һɨͷ
⣡
ͷͷһ𣬻ǹֽڿУֹ
ҡ
ͷſͣͼʲô
顪
ǹ𣬴Ļ
־岻ıУǹˣӵԴ
ˡ
һĻǾֵ˿ĭȻܿƵسŲŽŲǸо·طԵĶ
һֻ̣طԶһ㣡
˵һܲˣ
طŤͷߣڣУңô


104 Լ

طĻطǺ޸ɫʵĿ⣬ԭء
Ϊ־壬ղŲܿƵسˣͼطԶһ㡣
˿̣طĻӿ־лعͬʱҲףĿǰΣ޴ӡط粻Ź

ͨһк߷ˣǷƵģͻȻЦ
ʮ꿪ʼ켣𲽱ճǡʱңһ蹷ҧˣ͹ͷ¹򣬰Ļǣڵײʮֱ꣬ɣڽվסš
ЦţЦţ߿ˣ֪طȻ˵ڸֻ̾˾ʱ䣬ձϣһͳգӵҹĻȨԭΪҿ԰ٳ߸ͷһȴû뵽ջճǣڴˣ컯Ū˰
ߵĻ£Ȼһɻ󣬲֪Ϊʱ˵Щ
طһĮȻԹۡ
֮ǰⱲӲҪ̤ϴε飬ˣûȥȴû뵽λ﷭٣ǲİ
˵ţȻ󻰷һתֱضط磬ջŹңҸһڣֽߵǮׯʵʱˡ
ط޶ԡ
ڣ
ʮڣ
ۿط粻ΪҧҧֻҪԸŹңҸʮڣֻֽڣԷ͹Ȩ㡣ʮڣڻϺߣ
طȻûлӦһһߡ
˵ɣҪŻŹң
߲ĵʵʮڻһȫǸ߼ˣһЩҵԪҲֵۡ
ҪҵһŹ㣿ط練ʡ
ȥ
ͻȻŭһв֪ʱһѷذףٴط硣
ͻɱ֣
ò˵ߵȷһۣʱɢĵĿ־壬ͨ̾תطעֿطŹ
һУֻһĿģطΪƿȫ֣ɾ衣
һǸѧģ꣬νǿ졢׼ݣ˷ʤ
Ȼ
ط·зƵģ߳˲䣬ȻƵģһתתһףֱһ̿գ

һ̿գ˵ԭء
Ļǵһ
ͷ̵Ļᣬȫһϡ
һ̿գζϣɱ
˲ģ
顪
꣡
·Ϊӡ֤ߵжƵģܿ죬ͬʱ
ƹ£طɿȻһΣҽ̧һŲߵֲ߲˲߹ǣǱеƤһ㣬ɶ
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һ촫ߵӺݺݵײǽϣȻȻء
ƹ£һ˰Ķһ㣬ɫ԰ףѪ鴤ֹ
طǰ׼·Ȼ˽顣
ʱ
߿ڴֻԭöֻڰҹԵø̶߶Уٻ
ûȥֻһǴ˿ȫʹ޷ߣѶ˿κ˴绰޼¡
οף绰ӦŰ۴ġ
ͬԤϵһ԰ıŰվ鷿Ĵߣʮֽ
ڹȥĶʮÿһӶط绰޷ͨ³طΪµ绰¶Լ㽫ֻػˡ
Ϊ޷ͨطĵ绰Ű۵ΪطӪжʧˣֻѡЭӦߵȳȻ
Ȼ
Ϊ߳ٳٲӵ绰пʼ
߻ΪطӪжԣȻЩʲô
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֪˶ã͵Ű׼Ҷϣٴβʱ򣬵绰ͨˣһʱ˵ߣǮѾ׼ˣ⣬Ѿ֪ͨǱߵҹˣʺŷңһֽˣһֽ
ܣȻûˡ
ĸطߵֻڴŰ۵Ļ
ء
ȻطĻŰԭأϳ𾪣
û
𾪣
һĴˣʱ˿ɱˣ
Ϊͨطĵ绰ΪطӪжʧˣҺпС
طߵֻͨ
ζʲôõ뵽
ңܡ
ط翪ڻӦŰ۽Ȼ෴ƽ
Ȼһ𣿡ŰȲʵ
˵һȳҲ˵һһط赭д˵

Űٴˡ
ԺһȻ㷢λ˹ˣͬʱյ̡ط˵ŹҶ˵绰
绰һͷŰۻûлعɱͨƣ˺üӲŷֻ
磬طȳȻ鷿īԥһʵ
š
Ű۵ͷ
磬ȻûˣôȥЩԣīЩ֣˿̵ŰǶʧƵģһɬ
ȳȻһһ
Űʹ˦˦ͷͼԼ侲һЩȻһξĸо
ʲôīʶʵ
յĻȨ
Űۻ˵ÿ˵һ֣ͷһ

īľ
طҪյĻȨ͸Űۣ
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顭
͵īױ±Ƶʱ鷿ű졣

Ű۶˶񣬿˵
֨
ӦŹһش˽Ȳʵ常ʲôȻû°ɣ
û¡Űҡҡͷ
û¾ͺã
ŹŹ˿Ȼʵ常㶼Ӧ𣿡
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ûûУ
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طȳȻŰ˵
ʲʲô
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ԭƱػ᲼޵طȥĽĲ²Ȼ෴
֮⣬һյĻȨŰ۲δŹš

Ź΢ţ˵ʲôֻԺһƬհףһҲ˵ڡ
һ̣ȫһռݣ⡭ôܣ

һߣطŰ۵ͨȻ֣ϣߺȻض
Ϊ߶ԣط磬Եõֽ𣬶ܹŰ۸ϳŰ۵鸾ɱ֮
һжΪӰҲҪĴۣ
һУ޲̽طʬΣ
ôҵӣҾٶһᡣط˵ţߵǰذס
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
һ̣طӳĵٶȼ졣
ĵߵ󡢽Ǳϣ̵Ѫʱӿ
Ϊٶ̫Եʣûиоʹ࣡
Ȼ
طһ仰
ظԼѪţѪȾܱߵĵذ壬ֱطذף˵
ɱɱң
طĻԺֳ︡ط˵Σ߸еһĪĿ־壬ͻȻ˻
ûᣬطתȻ
ɱң쵰ɱҰ
ɱңɱҡ
Ƿһ˻Ȼں氧طһʹ졣
ط粻ᣬŲͣߵȻʱߵֻٴ
ţ
ֻطʶŤͷһۡ
ֻһۣط㿴Ļϵ֣Ρ
Σ
طһֻصߣ˵ʵشҼ⣬ҿԿǸһʹ졣
㡭˵ߴŴص
ǲɱңطʡ
š
ߵһʱͷӦ
ģ
CCưɣ
ʱɡ
ط˵ţٴת뿪
졭쵰˵
ҪߣɱңɱҰ
ħ㲻ú
ۿطûиԼһʹ죬߳ױˣһͷҰޣ˻
һֻ̣п־Ͱ
һ̣ȫȻˣ֪طҪճǺŰŵ˵ҪطιʱǶôİ
һ̣Ҳˣ߽ΣճƱػΪطĹʱǶôţ


105 ұ֤ڣ
߱;ĿУطȻܾ߳칫ҡ
û°ɣ
˰칫ңط̲סȻʵȻܲ˽һУӶӰ
û¡
طԤϵǣȻЦҡҡͷҪ˭ŮСҾںڰĻгģܡɱˣҲֹһĿ豻ɱ
˼ֹˡ
ط̾˿ȻĳעС;ĺźܴ
Щ飬öˣҲͲˡ
ǻˣɱ˵ĳ¾޷Ȼ򶨡
壬оء
ŻѪȾط磬Ȼûط֮ǰһǹ򱬽ԴƾճǰһĻ
һĻο
һ̣ط·
ͺطЦЦ
һҲǫ顣
Ȼ˵Ȼȴһݵı飬ϲ
ǡһ¸ӰԺ󲻸ҸҽӴأڿҶˡط糹׷ȻȥϴϴϵѪߡ
áȻͷҲȥϴϴ
ţ
طԣŷ֣ȻΪ֮ǰӵԼԵʣҲȾѪǰһƬͨ졣
֮⣬ط绹֣ȻΪԵʣ·ϣ˽¡
åĿأ
ۿط綢ԼǰֱȻৡһ¾ͺˣȻ첽Ⱦͷϴּ䡣
طεӣȻıӰϴٹȥϴ
åѲ㻹һϴȻԣͣ½Ų˸

طԶԡ
ʮӺȻŴϴּ߳ϵѪϴˣ·ϵѪȴϴɾ
·šɣð
طվھϴּ䲻ԶĵطȻ߳ѵȻĿȻŲ
뿴Ϳֲ⡣Ȼ״̲סЦˣˣ壬ҵĺ𣿡
ܺá
طͷȻȻǰǰ͹̣ڹǸŮϸȳǰҲΪ׳ۣǴƵĹ⻬ݡ
ģ
طĻȻϲЦݣǳһ
ȥ·ˮšɡطЦѡ
ãɲ׼͵ร
Ȼ˵ţ̵طϴּ䣬㻨һӲųš·ˮ˰ӣվӣתȦԼĻ˰ӣ
ȻԣطٶҪöֻ࣬˲ӣ㽫ϴϵѪͬȻһ·ͿϵѪ޷ϴɾ
뿪Ȼ绰֪ͨǣֱӻ԰
طԭȥCCưҽˣԼȻǻѪû¶档

͵طȻ¥ʱCCưɵճ״ﵽ˸߳ںMCͳĺ£֮һĹվֵĽ̨ϵDSҡ塣
մﵽ߳DJ𽥽ֵĽŻ𽥻صλϺ󣬲MCʱ䡣
һ¥Ŀ¾ضûߣȴط硣
֮⣬ΡȡҲûߣڵյĽ
ʮǰߴ绰ѯʽ߲ûнӵ绰
٣ҪҪٸ绰
ͳ¾жԼȷطȥϢô¾ҪжԼ¸򵰵
ЩȲ
һ棬ڶʹ̲ȼٴó¾δұط統ζԹܴζó¾ԼĿ¡
á
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뿴׶طȥϢʱı顣
֪Ϊһײıܾ׺ǸӶǶô޴Ϊ
뿴ں𡪡ڶǸһУΪط綪
뵽ѸϵֻȻͨߵĵ绰
ཡཡཡԲĵ绰ʱ˽Ժٲ
νֻڶߣ䣬ȴ߽ͨ绰ȵСʾ
ţ
ЩƵطֻ
٣ûӣȼ״̲סʵ
š
εͷ黹ûҲ֪ģЩҪµġʱ仹磬ٵȵȡ
ˡˡ
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ৣ
谵ĵƹ£Ƶץֻط磬һ󳤳˿
ͨμ˶ڿԼ룬ֻһ˵Ľ䣬Ȼɿ½
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绰ͨȿڣǡ
û¡
绰ͷط絥ֻӦͬʱŹͷS600뿪Ĺ
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طشţȻ˵ҺȻȥCCưˣֱӻ԰ɣ԰ſڵͣ
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ԣûжʣǵһʱӦȻҶϵ绰ؿ
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վһҡεصͷͣһǺȶˡ
ͷŸɾ㣡üһۣȻֶԳ¾˵ߣ
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ۿ¾ҪߣЦһҡӣץס¾ĸ첲ó¾뿪
֣
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ֿԣү򵰣Цûɿ˼
顪
Ӧȵһţ
¾ɫһ䣬Ȼ߳һȵĵȡ
໡
Ȱһʹſɣ׵ڵء
ӣ㾹ȻҶ֣
ۿȱ¾һߵεվžƾɨ˳¾һۣȻߣԣҲšԲУ
Σ𣡡
ɫһ䣬ŭ˵
𣿺٣죬ûҵˣҲߣ
ƾ׳˵˿̵ĽΣΪƾͷĶԹνţ˼㡣
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طŵȻ󲻵ػҶ˵绰
ôˣ
ʻλϣȻ̲סʵ
ӳ޳
طͳ˵ţȻŲȵףһͷĸһ˳ȥ


106 
ÿ죬ȥҲ죬طʻS600ʻ빤ҵ԰֮󣬿籩ͣеƲδɢȥƺŵڶꡣ
ʻλϣȻطĻ󣬾˺þá
Ǹ˵ǲھưɶͳ¾Ƕˣ
ʺưǰCCưɣŻ֣˻ϰߺCCưɡ
ԭطֱȥ԰˻ϣָıƻȥʺưɣ˵һɱڵĻʱȻʶʲô¿ʵ
ûСطҡҡͷǲС뿪
˵𣿡
ȻŭֹȻЩؿط硪ɱ˽
ȡ
ӦȻ̥͵ҵĦطɲøʻͣ
ͣȣط˵ֱȥ첽ߵ棬򿪺䣬뿴Ƿ·
Ϊ¾ھưɣ뼰ʱϵưɣҲ֪ǻ·𲻱Ҫ鷳ߵ˱ɱ¼ĺ
ţ
ط䣬Ȼ·ӣ״߶򴩵˶֮⣬˫˶Ь
ȻǹͷŮڴ߶򴩵·
ط״ʱʿ˶˳ȻֱԼȾѪ·

ʻλϣȻЩطҪʲôͷţطֱѵ·һط͹ԵؼֻĪļӿ죬һࡣ
ˣȴûջĿ⣬ֱط绻·ǰʱֱӡ
ڳ·ϡ
ܿ죬ط罫Ůʽ˶Ȼ
á
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˻·ط罫Ѫ·˺䣬Ȼٴֱưɶȥ

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ȵĲضԳ¾˵һ䣬ȻӣʵȣоôҪȥҽԺ𣿡
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ģûҵ߲ˣ
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жϳȱˣβûη壬˿̵ȫŭ;ƾԣҪ¾һѵҪڡ
֪˶ãȿµʹ𽥼ᣬϵĲ˿ɳϡ
٣ҵȲסˣھҪӰˣ
¾ûһеŭͺǻɽ緢Ƶģױˣ̱¾
Ӳ˶ԼһȣҪԣ˵
ô֪˶Լ¾ػ
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γѵԭȵطѶٶ֣ۿѾ޿̣ǰ֡
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Σ˵ưɵ·ϣŭ

ȻĻѾ֪Ϣĳ¾⣬أǽμ˶һ
䲻ô
ݵľȹ󣬽Цһ㣬Ц
Լжϣط粻ܻưɵ·ϣ
ֻΪ˵ȾȱĻԣ
Σ㣬Щǲģ򣬲Ҫ˵㣬ǽҶֺܲ
ۿκطʵݣסˣ޵ؾһ䣬ֲң㲻ҪˣСүүıŵӣ
ҪүүռŻңүүûһʲôʱͬˣѾˡ
ĻΪռѹͬʱ类飬Ǳ̼һ㣬ˣο㲻ҪˣԼ׿ںģԸķ䣬쾭壬үүıŵΣ
㡭
ŭֱֹҪ˵֡
Ȼ
Ѻ˵ڣֱشĻɭضԳ¾ӣԸķȥ򵰣˰㣿
ৣ
ûлش𣬳¾ֱӴλվ˫ȭȻա
ӣҪΪӾͿ޿֣Ҹ㣬˫ȭѵ֣οҿԵưɵĹԱ
һмؿų¾ǾڸϣŲţһ仰㱻
ô
һΣ¾û˵Ҳûκαʾ
ΪĿⱻһӰ
ưſڣǸոոʮɱˣŭֱſ


107 У
ţ
¾쳣һ˳ų¾Ŀ⿴ȥȻطȻɷسſ
еľȱ𣿡
һֱڹע̬ķչ뿴¾Խμ˵ѹȣķӦ˿̿¾˾ǿǰһæǰȥ

Ǵ쿴˹һ㣬ֱӾõԲ۾
ôˣѵߣ
֮࣬صгɻ󣬺޲̳ȥץסطʸ
ճ֮ǰԤеطճǺƱػͽ߷ײ
֤طǷĿһֻһյ̸ߣ
ճǵĿ֮һ
ΪȻطͻȻȥΪĵ˵ط֪߶طˡ
ڹȥļСʱͳ¾κȼڵȽ
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ʱ˿̣طȻˣһ¿һˣ
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ϽȵľƲ࣬ѡ
ǿ¾һֱǰ濴ʶ˲ԣ׷˳ŮĿ⿴ȥ

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ΪȻطԼ۾⣡
Ϊ׶˵߽Ҫط綯֣طɣ
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ȵעȫڳ¾ϣ¾ĿǰΪڹ򶨣»н͵
٣ҿɫǲƺӲģ
ôһ̼ζʱҲˣþưɵİԱ֣ǿд߳¾
١
βһĻȻѣһŵѽΡ
߽Σطˣ
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ĻڣһͳͻȻ𣺡Ҫ˭ɫ
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108 ȣ̫
Ǽһﵽʼηʥ
֪ʡĹӣôص֣ȫ屨һͷ
ѵԱ竣
طŮ뿪ưɺԭľưһտĿˮȻڣǷ׷
ǿԵѹˣطȫ壬֤طȫ½ҵı
Ƕطݳ˺棡
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ۿʺưɵľԱȺ˵
죡
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ЩػӦţȻ첽ߵԣεֻȻת첽ߵߣݸ˽Ρ
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˵䣬Ե˾䣬첽嵽Եķſڣ췿ţȺܴ
ԼĪʮӺ󣬽Դ˯£򿪷ţü˾ѵʲô°ų
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ģ
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εĴ˻𣬿ŽǸҪɱ˵ı飬һоӿһͷ


109 ϳͲ
ҹ곹ͣɢһԲ¶Դ¹㡣
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˳ǰСؽм顣

ܺ˳ѾҽԺ·ȡĻ㱨֪˽εƺأ˿̿˫ϥͷ׷飬ͷͬһСʱǾýԭأ
ҽô꣬һο˹ƣ
ͬһʱ䣬Եͫ׶Ȼ۽Ǽ̲סʵԺʵңҶӻվϣ𣿡
ܱǸʡӵȫĹǿҽҲΪ˳ίش𸴡
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뽭ʡģҾڵߣҲҪּù鰸
绰ͷΪճǾһֵһʱӦն


110 һ
ҹճǹųǲŽԶ֣οƣ壬ϲõ鷵ؾƵϢ
λڹųǵ԰һƬľټ԰ӣֻһլŵƹ⡣
Ƕլռרд˵ģܹ㣬䣬ȫǼƵı׼죬ɫ㣬ֲʧݻ
һ䷿ԡȻԡۣڴϣ˯⣬컨巢Ժ︡ŽһС
طһǹ򱬽յԴ·һǰĻ棬ϵԺ֣ɢȥ
Ժֳָط滻·Ļ档
渡֣Īؼӿ죬ϲ֪Ҳһ糺졣
ˡ
ʱֻ𶯵𣬽Ȼӻʵ
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ط޷⽭ҡ
ҵŭ𣬻Ὣطճɻҽ


111 
賿һ㡣
ճйֻңٿһ顣
Ϊ׵ճǾǸһãоֵİӳԱҲи־ֵһ֣̾ӡӺؾӵƹ
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117 Ϊôţ
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118 ׷׾
԰ԾȻǸֱţ
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121 ɱ
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Ϊ֪֮ҺͱؼȾͷ·СϪͳûȣʸûС
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ԳѵѾãͨߣΪΪǣ߾ܾ֮һֱǳˡ
磬ıҲһˣΪʱռգȻһ̵ߵŰۺϱߵ档˵һʱ̬̬Ⱥܼ
ҲΪǧѷĻᣡܿ˿ڸ͡
磬Ϊ²żȵٿ
ʱһ߿ˣκܣĶңλߡ
˵˵Ŀ
κܵĻ鲢δ¶̡
һŰۺߵʵ˵ڲ֮䣬ͻȻߣ϶è塣Ҫеè壬ġ
ڶŰֱ̲յĵ̺⣬ûܵκ˵ջ˵µİ׵ǿýҶǱ˭
ŰѸײڶ̲֮µĵ̺⣬ڼò˶೤ʱ̲գǾ˹ȥҲˡ
ȻˣΪʲôҪ˵ȵٿأ
Щɻ󣬰κ˵ֱӷλᡣ
νٿʵǿŰܷ˳գ˵ǷֺŰ̡
κһǵܹվȽŸµĲҵ֮⣬Ҫֵ棬ִ澣𣬾˵ѽɱֶγ뻯Ǽɵ
˵κɨˣĿϣ񣬳㶦ƽⱻˡỤ̋Ȼְǵʱ֮
֪֪֮֮ûа׵޷ŰԸĻǿ̸ΪڳǵĴˡǵƽⱻƣ϶Σеģȥɹĸʺܸߡ
ѡǰ߻ǺߣѡʱŰ۵ĵƾͲˣûôˡ

κܵĻ£˵֣ȻЦڣǺγ޷һͳϰ
ޣ
κܹ֣ǫ飬Ȼ󻰷һתǾҪķӦˡ
š
ڣǸȫͷ

㣬ϣɽׯ
Ǻĸ
û֮һ
ʮ߶һ˽˻ɽɵɽׯΨһԸȫסլмԽǮ۵ס
ϡΪ
Ժŵ˵ɽׯǿԺྩĺԺᲢ۵ĸмС
ΪĸΪִ澣ɽׯһ
׼ȷ˵ⶰյĸΣġ
͸ɥɥĸΪ¶һѧʦߣϰʮ꣬Ϊİ֡
һ㣬Ҫ鹤ճΪ̸
Ȼ
ĸΪϰһȻһ˰ˣǰ귢䣬ǰΰȥ
汻ȳɽӴɽĺƾֲ˳˸µһвƸ
Ȼոϧһдշ䵱ʦĶңöҰƶ棬Ļƿأ˿ڽ۹һֱ˥ˣֻǼɵµֵһֱ˸Ⱦָ̡
ܸ磬ΪҪҪȥգ
ɽׯ16ű徣һŵʵ
УǶңľʦʵҲʦ
ڹȥϵǹɺݾʺȨŪ棬ƾԴϣѳΪһϸĵƶߡ
ô룿
ԤϵǣΪҺ;ʦûлش𣬶Ƿ档
ȥΪûа׵Űۡ
΢΢һȻδ⣬˵ԼĿңŰܹ߼Ǹһҹ֮϶ˣҿҪôսϿµսҪôǰ֡
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΢΢һЦЦоο
ϣŰպ󣬲ҪȾָ㣬ҸµĶҵĽҪˣ
һƵǣǾȻ
һ졣
㶦ƽʽƣ֮⣬ĵĽз׷µŰۣףء
һ졣
طڻĵĬĬ
һ죬


123 Ǯ
ʱˮһζϰصλʼϰ࣬ѧصУ԰ʼϿΣ˻ڼں;УĹϿΡ
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ߵʱ򣬵ֻȻشӱڴͷϣһ˯ʡ
ôͽˣ˯ΣҪȥϿΣġ
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ȻûٲҪٵˣ
ͬһˣһСʱ
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ʰϵȻŶͷһ
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طûţȻͷŵϣͬʱͳ¾֣ԣһóٵˡҿɲһϿξͳٵ

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ǸˣԺ׼ȥһϿΣѧط״ЦŽ͵
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ÿһѧֻҪӰ쵽ʽѧӰ쵽ѧУѧУֹΣֻǲѧ
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ˣѧԽԽˣһЩߵѧ
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Ǹһ죬طӢ֮⣬ζ飬ơ
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ȻĸλѲ߱Ѳߵص㲻̶ʱ䲻̶ֻҪû˶ţһ²ȥҲû£ǾбҪȥ¶һ档
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Ҫ㡣һŰ۴һֲѹûŰ۸ȥƴڶȻԶʤˣСʱȺһԷı㣬ʮһܴô
ƽ˵ţ˿̣˿ڲ裬ΪԼĻǵޣΪԼţƵ츳е⡣
ϣҵС簡ôҸղѾѳ޽ʮ̼Ľƴ¼ˣ
ƽͨ˷쿴ط磬Ȼ벻ĻֻҪһлҸһ顣
С磬һУҾ͸㽲б⡣
С磬ͷѸ㽲б⵷ҡ
ҶЩ鲻Ȥ
ط״Цҡҡͷ
ֽƴ¼㶼ûȤ㻹һѵүүǾҪҵľƣ˯Ůˣɱǿĵˣƽָ㽭ɽ

طԶԡ
ˣƨʱҲˣۿҪ°ˣŰۺߵĴսٽ̸̸ȾƵ£С˫ɫ˼ʮ򣬽ҪǸ缸úһ٣ֵûˣ
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һȺֺ壬ƵƽֻʹӦȻ󿴵ط磬ͷװƽеףС磬ҲҲǮ
á
ط籾ܾĿɨ뵽Լ궼ҪദͷӦ


124 ²˵
ҹĻ٣Ƴϣ޺ӳŶĴСΪĹʻԶ˰ӭҹ
ҹĻ£ưɵƹ貣޺ƵĹâɢ˵Ϣ·ڸˣ˵á
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һԣܹϵõĹǶȽᣬѡ
ҪϵãⲻҪµžžžǮЩǲĵǱ򣬶ڻ켣³Ƕԣϰߡ
֮⣬ÿ¶мƣѹ˰ᣬ෴ǶǿĳὫҪĿˡ
Ϊưɵʵ̫󣬰˵ӵʱ򣬱½½пˣͣܳҲʼ
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԰˵ưɵӸˮŮôŲ˵еôð
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λϰ壬Щ棬ҷŵú֤ܿáаˬȴЦ˵
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磬㲻Ҫ˵ҴĹﶼġ
һæΪԼ⣬֪֪࣬С˼ҪԲ˶ߣ
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Ļ׵ӣɵˣͷɵˣƽȰҲɵˡ
Ψط֪Լ


125 ʲô
ʲô
Сͷ󺺾ؿкǲ⡣
ǵļУ̳͹ٳˣҲΪ˷񲻵λֻǾơ
ʱ˿̣ȴΪ˼·Ǵӵļһ
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ԭĻŵˣѾ˵׼˭֪طһ仰̬ȷ˷츲صת䣡
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ѣ٣ʲô⣿
һмھȥСҺǱ߿˲Ը⣬̸


126 һ
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СʶػӦţȻһ߳ᡣ
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һߣǿĶӣˣСȥ϶û
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141 
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Ź΢΢ͷһ緢֮󣬶ĺҹ˵㣡


142 ڣû˿ɱ㣡
ҹĻµУ԰ʮѧǻǵҡͼ￴顢ѧϰȺؽȥˣֻԣԼԼСѡСŮУ԰ǣɢںӵǣ鵽͵Ұս
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143 
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Ϊ˾Ȼ׻˳׻ͺܲԸ˳֮·תȴһֱûиְλҲû뵽̲յȥ϶ܲŹȥĻŹźĿԺܴ󣡡
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壬ǰԤףǺ죡
Ź΢Цǿ֣Ǹо·ѾԼվڶ֮۵һĻ


144 ʱ
ʮʮգȻĸײļա
ÿļգŰ۶ǰȥɨĹʮһգ״򲻶
ΪϰߣŰɨĹʱ˷˻ƴ¼˼ΪӵӰ졣
ӵ꿪ʼΪ˷ֹƴ¼ÿյ죬ɳرж顯Ű۵һͬǰɽ
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չʮʮ磬ܶٿר飬Ӹ־̾ӳ̾ɡرжС顱ɸΪ罭־̾Ӹӳ鳤ʮʮտʼŰ۵ʵʩʮСʱϼأֱΪӲɨĹ
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ŰطͨŰһЦݣ뵽ԼļƻŹЦѡ
طŰ˵Ѿ˵ʱ


145 ߲
ɽλ㶫ٶ塢涫Уǳͳ޶⿪ŵĺŻͨǻĵһȺƵĵؼУɽȺҲǻĵһҼȺ
ɽɽׯشɽģ׻ƽɽ֮أռȤͤӦǰׯ·ӣвɴӵţȡλʮԽ
ɽׯ3000ƽף۹ӵţڲɣͥһʩȫһԽӴݣɽĳֱܣҪڽӴʡϺྩ쵼һЩҪ͡
ȻɽׯҲûнӴʱ⿪š
ǲǰݷ𣬻ŰڲɨĹÿζɽׯ
һҲ⡣
ʮʮ磬Ű۴˵ִɽׯһ𹲼ƶʮˣŰۡȻŹšط֮⣬źĳԱڡǿ׻Ҳˣīδһͬǰ
ǰΪڴյ񣬶ΪۼǮӵæӦƵ鲻
ʣµȫǱڼ˾һɫĺװŶԽ
Ű۵˳˹صִɽׯδ³㿴ͣɽׯſڣɽա
ԴˣŰ۵˶ֲ֣طЩȻ
Ȼ֮࣬͸ؿһһϤӰ
骣
骰ָʾرжĳԱɽɽϣһͬɽׯȷŰ۵ɨĹڼ䲻ᷢƴ¼
һĸʻλϣ΢΢üͣɽׯͣĿ˹κο˹Ĳʵģзܣ޷濴峵ڵ
ɽׯר쵼ǹͻǰɽׯṩר˾á
Űѡ쵼һԼ
˹ͣȺŰҵͬ
骶ʱɴ۾ɨһ㿴ңͼϷǹ֧
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Ͽ¿ҿûпвǹɡ
󣬾͵ЩƵʱȻطͬ£ڶ˳
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Ļ쵰
ԭ骽;úܱѻ𣬴˿һط磬뵽طαװǰ޿֣ΡеĻϴܡ
һ̣ڳرжԱĿУֱӴ򿪳ţ³ֱط˹ȥ
ৣ
骵ľٶ˲˰ط˵Ŀ⡣
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֪˶ɨĹڼʵʩʮСʱϼѳΪ̬û뵽˻骡
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֮⣬Ҳ֪骲֪ĸ⣬Դӽ붫һֱ뷽跨ص
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ʵ̫ѻˣûߵطǰѹƲסŭ𿪿ˡ
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ط٩ʽĻ骵Ļˣֱߵطǰ˵
Ů٣ʾ֤;вСҸְȨͷ̰طһ˵
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Ϊѹûκ
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骳˱Ÿŭʤֱ˺ݻĿɨŰ۵ˣ⣬ǣҪΪǾǵģᶾ˲źã
λ٣עԴǣ⣬ҪӰסɽׯŰۿˣüͷʮֲá
ÿ굽յʱȻ⣬Ҳòȥ
һ£ָǴʴʣܺã
ͬʱŹǲüͷ
ڼƻ￼ǵ˾ֵأֻΪһ˲뵽ɨĹ֮Уʵʩ塣
ʱ˿̣骵оֹ骲͡߹ģǳģҪץǣ
ȫԤϣҲеļƻ
ӦǴи;ŵ޹ء
Źſ첢û³һ骶ΰеۼţжϣüͷɿ
ӳϳɣ
·Ϊӡ֤ŹŵĲ²ƵģŰۿڣһоһ¡
ɽɳرж鳤һλ̾
骵ִɽ֮ǰ˽Լλսѡ֪𾪳޵켯Ŵ󰸡
ʱǾȣ־ⲿ𰸼޹ء
ղţ骵ľٶӼᶨԼжϣͬʱҲ骵еɡ
ʵ̫˵㡣
ʵϣ骴˿ҲЩûˣûԼ̫³ç嶯
ǰǾԲôģղſط뵽طεĳĪջų˾
š
ӦһȻݺݵطһۣת򾯳
Űۼ״˽ɽׯ
ɽׯŰ۽ŹŽнԼķ䣬żɽʵʲô
常һĸĹڵɽܱ߼ɽ϶ûзֿԱټ˽һٸֲַڸ䣬ɨĹʱ򣬿Խʱֹ˵ɽ
Źųش⣬ǸŮȻ߲ƣѴ̽ˣɽǺһһرжʵʩʮСʱϼأǵĳңƴ¼
á
Ű۵˵ͷȻ˰֣Źᣬֱ߳˷䡣
ͬʱɽׯһ
ӳôͻȻʧˣǸطļһﵽʲôͷɽرж鳤Ȫɽʵ
ıǶѧһͨŰŮȻıڡ
ͳ˵ҵõĿɿϢպϴ߼ʮˣȫһ֣֮
ʲʲô
Ȫɽ
̾ǾĿɿڴ
ǸһΣհ
𾪹󣬺ȪɽüͷͻȻеЩôһ˵ôŰɨĹҪһЩ顣
٣÷ƴ¼ǾͿԽһˣ
Цһ޾塣

Ȫɽ΢΢һֱǸķƴ¼ԼλòƢ𱩵ġʱսѡľٶ


146 ȿֺɱط
ҹĻ٣¹·Ϊɽ羰һɫ£Ϊз𶼵Сӵʥ
οǷ׷׸ھ֮ǰɽصСĸҾƵꡢùݺջȻ󾭹ݵϢϴ㼷СķꡢưɣСַǷ
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ɽׯ⣬һһ̾һ߳ѳԵĿͣһ߷ɧ
֪ɣΪ̾ǵĴ͡ͶǵĴִͣͨнʱǶǿͷեˣһܳϷ档ɽرжС鳤Ȫɽ
£̲סһһĿдż
Ϊи߸ӵܣȴѡ۶Σյ֣ܹ̾Կͣʵ
򵥳һЩ֮رжĳԱʼڳнϢ
ͬʱһŰ۵£鲼ڲɽĸ䡣
Ǳ϶ǰۼһҰ˾ıʵǰۼڽ۹ĳԱв˶ǾԱ
رжĳԱԣǵĴҪ桢ԱӣϱɽҰӪͬʱҪжʮСʱ϶ء
ȻǵĴҪúܶࡪ˳񣬻һʲƵĽǱǮ㹻ǵȽϺõĴ󱣽˼ء
ͬһʱ䣬̻ɱ֯Ұɱ֯ɣ񡢺ڹѸɱ֯ıȺͰ֯ĺˣڲĹɽߵһɽͷˡ
ɽɽߵһɽõľѻ㡣
ʽɵظɵ֣ҪַʽܵĽҰȴսȡѹɺͷһ߳ţһ߷ɧ
ŮĹӶɱֶԣѾܺˡлȥһ˷ޣ˱
ɣͬڳͷûбֳ˿񣬷һܵı飬Ǹо·ͷǺܺóԵζ
ͷ㲻ζͬ˵ڷִԣ˴ִ񣬸Ҫõöࡣ
ȣѵǺڹѸɱ֯˶ϲڴŪĿ𣿡
һߣ԰µĶɱֺˣһ߰ŪԼľѻǹһζؿűȣĿڱȵزβͣβͣʱҪһЩ
˵ԣľΣҲΪʲôܶҶٰδԵʡ
ȶԣĵŮ˸ϲμֵȱ
ģˣҪ𣿡üͷһ
ԸڴϽ뱻ڴϸɵ˺ٺЦ
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ģձУ黹ǣ˲üͷ
ΪûκѶȣһֱɣڳûϷ˱ȡ
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ձУô
˸ܵҰĿеĲмЩջ
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ۿ˷ִȷеͷ˲ͣҰ£֮˷ɣȫΪΪܼ򵥡֮κһ˶ܳɫ񣬺οĸ֣˵أ
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ԸҪաЦĵҵӵ죡
٣ҪˣռƻĿǵİΧ󣬲ſԶ֣ѵҪƻƻ
ҰЦһĻһ޷Ŀ꣬Ŀߣеνһ˳е
ҡ
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Ȼ
Ļڣȱٴδϣˣλ£һŶӣǱ밴սƶļƻɵĿ꣬Ŀߡ
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ɣҲˣ˭ɱطûȤط뿪ǻʧһǮ޷Ը
ռƻǰĿȳֶԸҲлòȺɣЭֵ㿪ǹҰź˳˵
ߣ
һٶ˵
ȻҺΪҵСñ𣬵ƻѾƶˣҶԷҲǻľԱҰָɵĿɡٴοڣϿҰĻ
٣һȺ׳գĳԱƾˣδؿ񣡡ЦԶĿ£
ϧԱԣԴѾԤˣɣеͷ˲֣һɡ
һΣûٿڣ˶ݵĳĬ
ͬʱ
ĹɽߵһɽϣһĿĴ󺺣Ӻҵǵɽɽٺ
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ѰҽĹɽ·ߣͬʱڲ鿴ۼźĴɱ֯Աֲ
Ƭ֮ƶ·ߣȻҹǺ;Զڲݴ£ȫҹһ壬ڰе顣
벶ȸں󣬻Ļǲ
ڲݴУǳ뵽սĻǰ˵İ˸֣úе
𡢺ڹѸ̻Ͱ֯ĸ׳գ֪ҪԵǻ᲻򣿡
ӿֳһȤ룬̲סЦˣͬʱ˸˷ܵĹâɵ˷ܣ


147 
ӹĹɽΨһһĹɽˮˮѡ
ǰӹĹҪɽᣬšĹšĳ֣ӹĹĹر۸һ·ǵһͨ޷ܵĵز
Ȼ
ˣӹĹĹڹܶŷˣϣԼӹĹ
һ£ӹĹûδ۵ĹˣܶĹرˣʱãٲڳĹӵС
ĹӹĹ۸ߵģλõģλڹĹϷվĹǰԽɽľɫ۵ףܿĺߡ
ʮʮհ˵㣬˹ɽׯʻںţڰСʱִӹĹͣ
ͣȣطؿԼԵȻһɬı飬Ƕʧһ㣬һˡ
һĻط̲ס̾Ϣ֪ȻΪĸţæҵԵʣȱ飬ֽڲظĹһûûΣĸ׵ļգױֱˡ
ǾͺñȣһһӲܺãһβǴ󲡣Ҫ
ҾͲȥˣͣ㡣
ۿŰ³ط翪˵ȻȻļʾο
š
Ȼص˵ͷȻһװٺϣŹ˳
ط磬˴ǰİԱŰ۵֮⣬ȫͣȺ򣬶Źšڡǿ׻ŰۡȻŮһͬǰȥ
УһӣˮġơֽǮȼƷ
骺ͺȪɽԵĶԱͬͣȴ
ͣڰɽĹڴԼ׵ӣĹڵִĹأҪ߽һ
Ű۵߽Ĺţطڳģ³塣
ط̫ʺϰɱˣֲŰǰɨĹ
طһ߻壬һ߹۲ӹĹܡ
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ңߵɽٺߵɽɽı֣ʺߡ
٣ԭΪΪŰ۲ߣ´󹦣ѾΪŰ۵ĸŮɨĹʸûУǿɱ
ط簵и̾ͬʱ骴Ӿ£طߣһ
Ů٣֮ᡣ
骵ļһ޲ýж˿ı飬طЦһ骽ᡣ
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᣿װ޹ˣңճǵ鲻ģЦ
ճǵȷģ߼ʮȫɱġطܸɴسϡ

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ΪҪǣؿط˵仰ʱ򣬱ƽû˿
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ΪʲôҪɱ㣿ʶʵ
飬Ӧ뵽ȥ֮ǳֻ֣ܷطʡ
ڸңΪûΥôҪңΥˣվҲŹ㣡
ֻ㣬ŰֻǺϵ׼ȷ˵ǹӶĹϵӶұŮô򵥡
طɫԣûҪѶĵϡ
ߣΪһô
ţȻʾţȴطĽͣеŭⶼһЩ
ΪϣطﷸϣطŰ۳Ϲϵ
֮ͬǰ˵طΪŰ£ҿطȻ֮׽۵ΪطпܳΪŰ۵ŮպҪ̳Ű۵ĺڽ۹
֮⣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôطȻߵú׽ʱĺų⣬ջ
˵ˣŲţ£شԹˡطʼ硣
㡭
ټŮ٣Ҷڿأҿɲ֮ʲôĹϵ
͵Ҫŭʱط˻֣תϳһıӰ
ţ
ͬʱطͻȻͷһ
ɲǼ䣬ͫСΣյâ״Ŀ絶һɨ򶫱ɽ壡


148 ǹ
ΪսСӵĶӳطڹȥսСӻԾı߾ߺ;ⶾɡӶֲսһھִйս鼫ḻ
ľ˳޷ӵеľԣ˺ΣٵʱӦ
ղţҪϳ˲䣬ӦΣգ
һ˲䣬оԼǹ׼ˣ
ͬսбþѻǹһ
Ϊˣʶؿ˶ߵɽ塣
ھ̫Զط޷ɽϵһУֻܿӲݴǵľʯ
ѵҳ˻þ
Ŷߵɽ壬طš
ǸҲǳŰģûϵԷûǹڶ׼
һ棬һֱԼĸоսУмζǿŶΣյĸоոߡ
ţطϳȻóֻŰ۵ĵ绰ŰСһЩŰۻȻĵ绰ͨ
Դˣ֪˽빫Ĺǰֻػˡ
طֻһ۳ϵĺ±ڣ룬ûнú±ڵĶԽϵҡ
Ͼֻǻɽоѻ֣ҿ϶Ҳûκ֤ݣ
һ£жǶԵǻ˵жǴģǽ¼Ӱ쵽˴ɨĹ
ţ
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Ű۵δִĹأǹʱ򣬺еģþѻǹ׼˹ĹͣѰطӰ
ΪҪռƻ£׼˲䣬ûпǹȴط罫ĿͶڵɽ壡
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ӹĹУŰ۴λɽ·Ĺء
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ĹشԼһôɰʯɨʮָɾκӲ
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Űۼ״ֽȻ뻳УͼַͨʽŮοů
ͬʱǰĹǰȺȡˮġƵȼƷڷĹǰ
ǿ׻ۿҵľٶͬʱ⿴Ŷߵɽ塣
Źŵ֮£Ƕѡ񳼷Źţ֪ļƻ
ڵȣȵһǹ죡
Ȼȥѻ͸裬Ȼǿʼ
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顪
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һӵƿԿֲٶң
ۡ
һ̡
ҵԴͬѵһ㣬ֱըѪԽĽȻһ

ȻһУԭأеİٺϻл£һء
ȻСģ
ͻһĻҲŰסˣܿ죬ع񣬴ųȻ
ŰȻ䣬ܴǰΣʱ̣ķӦٶȼ죬˲䣬嵽ȻǰһѽȻ𣬳Ĺܵɰء
ɰڻڵѻֵߣ
оѻ֣ǿ㵽ɰغ棡
Ű۱ȻһܣһŤͷŹŵ˴󺰣Źšǿ׻˸ûжʧȥ˫ϵڣֹΣһԵɰسȥ
ţ
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һ̣Ȼֹ
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ۡ
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һУƸӣʵڶ̶̼ʱڣŰۺȻ˶ûдлع
£ŰۡȻŮ˾ĿɿڴؿŹţĿгŲţ

ͬʱ
ɽͣ
һǹطλٳ˿˹
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ЩŰǰĺ±ڣӦҲ˳
֮⣬骺ͺȪɽҲ׷״ŸԵԱ˳
죬ϵǣǷʲô£
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طĻһ±ڷӦѸ٣һʱóԽ׼Ƶѹûźš
ͬʱӦˣҲ׷׷ֶԽʧȥźˣ
Էʹ˴ʸɽϵһźţ
ط״üͷ
Էʹ˾ѻǹһ˴ʸԲһɱֿģ
üط粻ٷϻһٳŹĹȥ
Щ±ڶ˵׷׸ط
죬ң
ͬʱһȣγǹż̾ͬ˹Ĺš
һǹ죬Ǿѻǹɱֲоѻǹʹ˴ʸͨɱ֣ΪҪǣɽΣգ
骵Ļطͣ½ŲŤͷų骣ѵ

ȻطĻЩ±ڣ̾Լͬͣ˽Ų
ΨٶȲ
ܿ죬骳嵽طߣµ̾ɽرж˶ͣ˽ŲʱˣǻŸʲôɽץְ
ȥ
Ȼѵ˾װطϾǹ͹ЩΨһһ뿴Щ̾װٴδ骣㣬ҲҪȥּɱ֣Բץģ
ಡ
£ط粻ٷϻһΣٴο񱼡
ȻİΣҪ̵ʱڸϹȥ
طľ棬һǿظط
ʥְ޷ѡطľ棬ĺʤģ
Ҫץ֣֤ط翴


149 
ζӳϱϼ֧Ԯؾ侯
׷ط磬һ·񱼣ͬʱ
ط֪ûԼȰ
ûͣ˷ʱ䣬Ƕð绯һӰ֮㽫˦Զˡ
⡭ܴﵽٶ𣿡
ͣЩۼŵĺ±ڣǺȪɽ̾һĻ󣬶Ǵһ㣬Բ۾
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Ȼǻѧĸ߲ھ˼ͥСܸѵԶԶڳˣ뾯ӺǼǿѵ˵õģǰμġ
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ûԺˣ·һȥܵظ裡ŹĮ顣

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常Ѳǰ˾ʮǸĽˣˣʺˣҲáŹޱ顣
ŹţȻ޹ģôϣȻһ·
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ˣŮһ쿪ʼעѾ̤λȥīѪƴô
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ѸƶӪȼƻȻèòݴڵϢسʮɣӽ
Ҫɣ񿪵


152 նˣ
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طٴοڣ쳹ʣĶ˯ʨѾˣû˿ڻķУȻ뿪ԴҪˣ


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͵طŵúɱͬʱŹŴ׻ǿ˴һɽŹĹ
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157 ·
ιɽƮС꣬Сʡ
ӹĹɽͣЩȺİۼųԱŹǿ׻߳Ĺڣ׷˹ȥ
ͬʱΪɽرж鳤ĺȪɽҲ˹ȥ
٣үҸ綼𣿡
ܿ죬ͣЩۼԱ׷ӭŹˣͷ֮Щĵʵ
Ȼûпڣ۰Ͱ͵ؿŹţȴŹŵĴ𸴡
ǶѵıڣŰĹղŹڶԽ˵һУкѹЩġ
ţĸĹǰɱϮ常ͰҶˡŹŵ˵ͷһߵı顣
ôɽϲǵĵô˲Ըʵ
ûлشŹֻǿһۡ
Сأǻ𣿡ͷ֮ٴοڣط빫Ĺ飬ͬʱ뵽ŹŲûἰȻ
ӦҲˡ
Źص̾˿ӱˣ֪˻ΪǶô壬ǿ׻ǰľŹŵĳǸ̫ݼ̫ã֪飬ҲᱻŹƭ
ãɽرж鳤Ȫɽ
ʱȪɽ˹ۿŹţһһѽϼ㱨֧ԮϼѾؾ侯ǰ֧ԮͬʱҪת㣬Ǿж͵顣Ҳ˵ûǾ㲻뿪
ã
ŹźܸɴشӦһ棬֪Լ뾯ŸǺ޴飬п֦ܽһ棬Ҳ֪յĽ
ء
Ƭ֮󣬾һ;ÿХųӹĹͣʻ
֮⣬֮лֱ
һĻȪɽǰӭӡ
ܿ죬ͣͣΪ׵һɽ1յأһ侯յķԵ
ͣ£Ŵ򿪣ɽһֺ侯һȺغͷԵ¡
СΣʲô
ɽһ֣ɫسȪɽʵ
ֳҰָʾȷƬ򣬷ֹͨڽӽûгͨȪɽ񣬹ػ㱨
ɽʲô
ȪɽĻɽһǰ˿Ȼʵ
ݰۼŹ˵ŰۡڼŰ۵ıɽСˣŰ۵ŮȻıط硭Ȫɽڻش
һΣĻ˵꣬㱻һϡ
ӳأʲôϵûУ
ɽ侯һֿڴ˺ȪɽĻüͷһüĿ֮価ǵǡ
Ϊ֪ͨǾҵĺλھеλߵ簮Ů
һʲộɽû
׳ͽ֮ǰôʸ޷ӳȡϵղţźŻָˣҶθӳ绰ͨȪɽʵ˵
ֳܾҽƬ򣬴ӿк͵е̺ʽϧһдۻɱͽŬȷͬ־İȫ侯һֽĿͶ򾯷һ֣˵
죬ʲôͷ
ɽһ֮Щʵ
ҹ˾Ů
侯һɫص˵
ʲʲô
ɽһɫһ䣬Ȼһ£죬²˳٣Ͱ˵İ죡
˴һ£ܿ´һȫװؾ侯ӳ£žȮƺƵس˹Ĺ֮С
֮⣬ֱҲŷɵ˹ĹϿգ
ڣŸȴͬ־ǹʾλãǶʵʩԮ
ûлӦĹϿֱֻͷкХӸ߿ոӣɽ߷Χ֮ڣɽӲݴѷӰ
٣ľķӦѸߵüʱеС鷳
ͬʱĹɽٺĵط֯Ī˷򿴵ԶֱЦһȻŻʹȥ骺Ȼٱһ洬
ѣ
洬֮гζװԿɺѪĪ˷Ů洬û˿ϧǶһ㽫ŮڴڣȻ洬뿪ܿʧڲ׳Ĵ֮С
ĹߵɽϣطĪ˷ͨ󣬱ֱɽͷȥ
ΪĪ˷ڵ绰иԸһĻᣬͬʱṩһƽ̨ȥͷʻһָ洬ǵָʾʻ󺣣Ȼȴһָʾ
֮⣬Ī˷ȷرʾط粻˵߶þ;Ļ½骺Ȼּ飬Ȼ˶ڰļԺﵱŮ
һ£طȻ֪նԷϷΣգȳŮֻô
СʱطͷȻҵĪ˷˵洬
һҺɫ洬洬Щˣϵᱻˮˢɫ˲٣вײʯĺۼ
طٵϴһˣϸһִвûаװʱը֮⣬ֻҵһߵԽ
طߵԽĪ˷˵Ƶ
ʻ뿪ͷȻҵָʾʻ
ܿ죬ߵдĪ˷
Ҫ˺ǣұ֤ľ᲻ϧһдڵ֯
طӦȻߵԽʻҡ
ŻңҲŴģ⣬㲻ҪˣɱսѣľƨҲûһô
Ī˷ЦģֻҪԹ԰˵ȥҲʲô֮ͬͬǰ˵ǻһƽսĻᡣţ׿˵ģָͷ­
ƽսȺûֵ빫ƽսԽΪҪߣαĵֶΣ
طɱȻ죬Ҳ˭ѱḷ̌һ·


158 ˷
ӹĹռ󣬼侯ؾϣ˲СʱǽŰۡڡҺɱֵʬ׷̧ͣĹİ칫ݱʱã˻ҡ
ɣɽ侯һ֯ٿ顣
ֳ
Уɽؾ֧ӳȿڣһ̨ʼǱǰ׼ϸոѼ鱨л㱨
ڻ㱨֮ǰչҪȳƺλ쵼
ӳЩھͲҪˣʱֱӻ㱨
Ȼ
ѺĻ˵꣬㱻ɽ侯һմϡ
Ϊɽ侯һ֣ڽĳҰսӣҹı
䲻֪ļ٣ֻŸҵ骣˼ɽؾ֧ӳƺ쵼
ǣ׳
ɽؾ֧ӳæӦһȻɿ˵ֳܹ߾ʬ壬ǹ֧ɣʬǰۼŵˣǷֱǰۼŶ³ŰۡɶڼŰ۵ıڡ
ŰۺھǱǹɱŰ۵ıǱѻǹɱ
˵ɽؾ֧ӳüͷ֪նһкģ㲻˵Ű˵㱨ɱֵǸɱֵ沿ƷʱϵʡȻʡ㱨ϵ̾֯ȷǷֱĸͬɱֱ֯ձ̻ꡢ޵ĵŷ޵ĺڹѸͰ¡ĸɱ֯ھܴͷۡ
ݺζӳͰۼǸɳԱӦɱ¼ŰŮȻıطͬ־Ⱥ빫ĹɱӦȻıط֮֡
ȻɱѾˣΪʲôûпͬ־ٴοڴϡ
׳Ƕ˵̺ʽûзͬ־Ȼ䱣ط䡣ǳжϣ˴ǰɱŰ۵ɱֲֹλ˺пѾɱֵС
ɱΪʲôǣɱǣ
ʳ˹ؼµĵľ骵䣬ֻҪ骻ţǾͻһϣȳ骱ԸԼ׳һ
ǷΪɱְɱĿǰۼŵˣ׼ȷ˵ҪĿŰۡȻŰˣôɱֵҲˣҪǵߣ˳ɽġǽٳͬ־˺пΪ˰˵ʣԱ׷صʱ򣬿ԺǾ̸С
Ҳͬǵжϡ
һֱĬɽһֿˣ̾üͷ˸ž⣬һһȻıڣҲǸطˡԻɱǿɱ֣һǳáʣµɱּҪٳʣҲԲѡ
ৣ
ɽؾӳɫһ䣬Ǹ쵼ƶ׼ȷģҲζĹûá
ͬؾֳ
ٴοڣɽһԶĻ˵Ȼط˲ܱɱֽٳֳ֣ûʬ壬ֻһֿܡͬ־ȻٳˣȥӪˣ
׳Ǹطûпܺɱ֯һģʣµɱֽٳͬ־Ű۵Ů
֮Ļɣͬ־˵ǸطӲŰۼź߼ŵĺڰƴ߼Ǳģ
ĻͻȻ˺Ȫɽ
ԭְλʸμĻ飬Ϊرж鳤ǰָӹΪ˽⣬Բ˻
쵼ѯʱٿڵģԺͻȻ뵽֮ǰ˵Ļ̲סˡ
ᣡ
ɽһԶܸɴҡͷ񶨣һζӳ㲻Ҫˣ֮ǰǸ˵Ǹطڽ빫Ĺ֮ǰѹǣɱоѻǹǲҪóȻ롣ĺʣɱһģǡǵȥֻװһ˾ɱȫ
ڶӳղŵĻ㱨ɱֺп֣֮ʣµɱһģôܻɱɱ֣
ؾֳΪ֮̽Щʱ򣬶Ҫ취ҵͬ־䣬ԱڸͶһһοˣϣ̸ܹص㡣
׳ѾԱ鸽ΰأ̵ʱҵǵټɽؾ֧ӳڻ㱨
ӵٺҾܽҪĺϽͨŦּࡣ
ɽһֽüͷΪҪǣӵ빫ҲԶһɱִʽ빫׷ɱ֣Ӫʣȵ컹ѣ


159 ׼ɱ
ؾֳȻˣҽ̽ϼ㱨󺣾֧֣
ֱӼˣɱֽ骴Ž빫骻ŵϣһɣʱ֪λھƢƵϽʲôӦ
ã
ԶҲ֪⣬Ǿ죬Һãû潻
׼ȷ˵ΪɽûмʱɱǱɽδʱ֯ɱ¼ѾְΨгɹӪʲΣɽһֿ϶Ǹɲˣ
ķչһͲǵɴñˡǻΪְҵĵ۵㣬裬ͬҪҵŭ
ӣ˻㱨ϡ֧Ԯ֮⣬ҽǵٴζ԰е̺ʽͬʱ԰ۼҴĹǸɳԱи顪ҸΪºΣпè壬û׼һЩõϢԶֲ
š
յͷͬԶİš
󣬻ɽؾӶӳ֯ԱٴνȪɽŹšǿ׻˾͵ؽи顣
Ȼ
Զû뵽ǣŹͺǿ׻˴ͨ˵ǣȪɽûκõϢ
Ϊûκ֤֤Źšǿ׻Լ뵽ɱ¼޷˽иѺѶͷˣֻǲ뿪ȻӹĹͣȴ
٣ΪʲôѶǿ˿߲޾죬ʵ
ǰɱֶˣûҵȻطŮʬ壬䶼֪Ҳ̫ˣ
׻ҲЩ鱩¶طȻš
õģˣҺпѾˣ˺
Źһؾ侯е̺ʽͬʱñֻǽ˰̳鿴ص֯ڲǰ
ʱֱӾԭأ
ΪΪԱͨϢֵ֪֯ǵصӶ֯ټ鲼ȫû֪ǵܲ͸ݵøǼɵ
֮⣬ڹȥ֮У֯ǴɱĳԪסҪи˹аĸ̣ûʧ֣ĸǰٷ֮٣
Ϊʲô
ǿ׻ͬʵǲ֪֯飬֯û˵
ҸղŽӵϢĸɱ֮֯⣬ص֯Ҳ˰ɱط񡣡
ŹЦ֯ϸ˵һӶ֯ȴɱ֯һ֯񲻵ʮ꣡
ǡΪʲôŵһǿ׻һ𾪡
Ϊ֯ûʧܵļ¼һζûУҲҼǱԭ򣡡
Źŵ˵οֳ䲻˵ʲô

ٴŹŵĻǿ׻˶˿
ֻҪܺԼͣ۾ôʣ֮ǰͳһĿھлظһŲ֪
ŹһЦ·ѾõδƽϢǵĺӾˣ
ţ
ǿ׻ͷҲһ㽡
ͬʱ
طʻ洬Сʱںк֮󣬲ԶӵѾɽߵĵӺʮˣ
ǰΪҹ빫紦ı亽ߡ
ͻȻϵıϵͳͻȻ
ţ
طһֱնԷ꣬ʻ洬кУ˿ѣüͷʱһ
֪Է뽫빫Ȼٶ֣
ζţԷбҺпڹ޷õľ;κΰ
Ҫһˣðȥ޻صķգӭսص֯
ϾҪ빫ˣǲǺˣˣԵͷȥҺҵ»ݺݵزŮˡţǿɶǺѵõĻɫ
ʱߵٴδĪ˷ɣżϷʵζ
Ϊ˿̵ʻ洬骺Ȼʻ˹ٵıľ;׷ȫ˰ȫա
ľ˴֪ʲôطӦ
ã֣ڹ㣡
Ī˷Ц·뵽˻ɱطһĻҲ뵽˻ɱطȫĺ䶯ɱ㣬綼Ϊ֮ڣ
оԣҵսһΪұ𣬽ǴӵĨȥûоôϴɾӵţһҵִ̣
طɱȻ˵ţʻ洬ʻ˹
Ϊ˸ֵܳͱΪ˶ȻµŵԣΪ˺ľ˵ϣ޷˵س֯Ϊ׼ɱ֣


160 ݱ¶
ѹ֮³Чʡ
Ǻܶ൥λŵĳ̬
ܶʱһλΪ쵼һ仰æüɹ޷ٶһѶȺܴ飬ࡰٶȡܹԭҲǻĵһɫ
Զɴñְ۵ľ޴գɽһԶֱ´ҵйط˵ټΰŵĸֱӹ
һСʱ󣬵ؾ侯ɵڶε̺ʽʱΰͨͷļҵطټ
ƵУط米һɫսһ͵ĴͷȻʧڼƵ
ݼƵȻıطӦȥͷ˴ϱսǸӦװоѻǹ
ɽׯһؾӶӳָżƵ㱨Ҳ˵ؾ֮ǰжȫȷģͬ־ȻɱֽٳˣȥӪȡǰ淴ӦӵûЯǹ֧װпȥЩɱֵġ
Ϊʲô֪ͨǾ
ȪɽɻµȻطйɱֵĿԣԶѾˣ衣
ʱҲɱ֪˺Ʊԥһ˵
ҪŪ׵ǣô֪ɱֽٳ骺ȻˣҪȥѰˡ
ʱԶˣıԵúѿΪķչڳԤķչɱֽٳ骺Ȼ뿪ӵĽ
ɱֻ᲻ҪǸطȻΪʣ
ʱΪɽ̾Ӷӳ񿪿ˣԶͽܣ쾭鼫ḻʮͷ㱻Ϊ̾Ӷӳ
ţ
ȻĻԶڣ˶һ
ֻܽͨǸطΪʲô֪ɱֽٳʣ֪ɱֵڵأǰȥӪȣ
˵һĻʺпֻȻһˡͬ־ǸطûκӪȵ壡
ˣҪƲˣҪǵ顢Ѱǵټ
ٴĻԶЩëˣǸԼѧķжϺпǶԵģǾζûеʵļֵпѾɱˡ
ζ
ؾ֣ź;ͬϺЭǣԺǺܿظ˸ϵ
͵Զëͬʱɽ侯һ߽˻ңһԼλãһ˵Ҫǵִ֮ǰóӪȷǲźϺЭ
ˣ졣
Զ˵ͷ΢תһЩȻĿ⻷ܣȻͳҲˣź;ŵͬ־ܿϵǱǵִ֮ǰóж
˵㡣һΰɽе죬ͷļƵе飬ǷǵټͬʱҲҪ鿴ǷпԱټԾԱΪڶ˵ӵ12㵽13֮Щ뿪ͷ뿪ͷĴȥ
˵ԶȻߣ޷еŭ𣬡ȵЩٿר飬ƶжǾһȺͷӬײκЧ
ǣ
ۿԶˣɽľӢǸǷ׷
ͬС˵ΪûüֵɱڴУǸô죿
ۿԼµĵɽ뿪Զ̲סаԼ
ûд𰸣üĿ֮ӿֳĵǣ

ɽȺһٺĹϣ֯Ī˷ʻ洬Уʻǰһ֪С
صԼ̵ĸоǲ
ۿҪִСˣĪ˷˸ڣȻһա
У骺Ȼϣá
㡭ʲôˣҪȥ
ȻĪ˷֣Щʧصش󺰵
ԭһǿŮֻϰڲĵıˡ
죬ΪĸɨĹ鲻ѣ֮ۿԼ׸һŹţᾳɱɱ˸ףҪɱԼط硣
طòɱɱ֣ӪȴֱˣҲ֪ںδ
һеһУ
ĹÿֻţҴȥĵطܿ͵ˡǰСľɫܲҬζ𡣡
Ī˷ҡžƱָǰһСһһ㣬΢Цؽܵ
Ȼ
΢ЦȻоͷ·ħ΢Цһ㣬Σա
ȥʲô
骿ˣȻҪ侲һЩͬʱҲջ𣬡ǻĵľ죬֪ôζʲô𣿡
в;ôǺǺǺǡҸ㣬ɱľˣǻصֲӵսԱ㻹᲻вңĪ˷мЦˡ
ৣ
Ī˷Ļ骵ɫ˲䣡
ڽ֮ҵСĿȾҲ֪һЩܡ
ֲ֪ӣ֪սԱʥȫսԱֲܹΪ٣
񣬶ԷɱֲӵսԱ
⡭ܲ𾪣
⣬ľ٣Ҫ㣬ǹڰɱˣι㣬ľҲܰô
Ī˷ЦԣòҪвңҪ˵ҲĵĻҲһΥ뻪Լ֮ǰȺݺݵظһ٣
Ҫ
һˣ˵ͷ֪һصųƻľľֱĿеġ
ǰ֮ǰѾϾȹһˣҪǡţȥǣ֪Ǹ׼˱ɱ֣֮
ᵽط磬Ī˷ϵЦݸӲˣ뵽Լļƻǰϸɵط磡
֯Ļأ׼ȷ˵һѵأ
ʱ˿̣ʮͬѾڵϵȺˣ֯컹Ŵ˴ظ
սСӪ骺ȻˣҲǲɵ񣬺οֻطһˣ
㡭˵طǻ
骴ľ˼һ㣬ĿɿڴؿĪ˷


161 ɵ
ѵ㲻֪ݣ
Ī˷Щֵؿһۣӵظ𸴡
֮ǰطӹĹͣ骽̸֮ǰҲطͨΪط骹ϵܲԲŽΪҲʽٳˡ
ϾʵĻһЩطǰĿԸ
ûлش
骴ؿĪ˷ϳŲ˼顣
Ϊһֱ޷鵽طʵݣɹطǷ֧˵еֲӣΪǲܡĳԱǱ֮ǾеıôȥѧȥϴŮڣ
Ī˷طǻ
Ҳ˵һֱڵȾط磬Ǳ֮ĵľ
⡭𾪣
ŶģŪǵĹϵˣǺϤҲ˵ðŷӪȵ㡣
骵ķӦĪ˷ʶʲôüͷӿֳɱһʲô
ش׷ߣ
Ī˷ĻܵĪ˷ɢıɱ⣬ȻͬһĺˮͷţҲ侲
ô
Ī˷ɵؿ骺Ȼˡ
ǵʲôˣȻҿɱԱƻ骴лعüͷ壬ۿĪ˷
ƣ٣׳գⲻƣҪɵ
Ī˷ЦΪһôٳǣǴǰʲôѵӻ˲ɣ

оԶԡ
Ϊģļг˵ȫ򣬻ҲıսԶֱͨɱȣɻ컪ֱμȫֱھڱԤˣ
ʵ޷󣬶ԷҪǿ󵽺ֵزĸɵ
Ȼ׷ߣҾţҵǶԻ˺⣬ԻŮʲô
Ī˷ͻȻ뵽ʲôЦȻֿȻһۣȻ˵Ļžûˡ
طãΪطݻȥ骵¾ѣ侲˵
ðɣҾǶһᣬȸɵ˻ٴǣĪ˷ɱ⡣
ѵǲ±ľô
üͷ壬Էʵ̫ˣûнľ
ΪʲôҪ£ľʲôˣﶼ֪ô㣿οľȻǿ󣬵޷һԾȫأ֪ǵĴڣҲûǣ
Ī˷ЦһȻеĺƣתʻҡ

ٴԶԡ
ڽ֮ҵòϣԷ׼˻ľѨɱھս
ĿĪ˷ʻң骺ȻһۣǸо·ʣô죿
㣬ҪҪط磬ǸҪȻ̲סʵ
㻹롣
̾˿ûõġǸɱּȻǣطѾ·ˡοǼҲ޷ȡϵڣֻڴɱָɵǶҪ
ɡǹط罫κ֧ԮǼȻǰĵط磬϶׼һǳΣա
Ȼǵǵ˵
ȻطǰѾˣһ̫ˣԷǰ޵طͶ
ֻط磬һΪˣȻǻδؾûлȥĻᡣ
骿һ޼ʵĴ󺣣ľ裬ľ񲻿ɵУ˵˵ѣ
Ȼ΢΢һǸĸһݺʵ򲻻˶̵ʱڸıطĿ
һٶĻܵҵľô
һеͬʱȻ̲סԼüĿ֮ǣڴ

СʱĪ˷ʻ洬ǰС
СռشԼƽ񣬸͵ֲʯҬţϿһȺ֪ĺ
Ӿɫ˵ľɫκʵĺ
Ȼ
Ȼ骣ûΪִСÿӳˡ
Ϊ洬δǱؿʮźɫսȫװĹӶվںϣȴ洬
洬ĿĪ˷ڼװϣ׼êͣ
ӳף㰲ȫ
ͬʱߵ֯Ա׷׿ĵЦ
ץʴȥ׼ʼɱж
Ī˷ê洬ͣڰߣָʾ
ǣӳ



162 ׼
ԣǰǸɵ
Ī˷ѵڸɵ֮ǰϽκ˶ɫģ֯涨ã
Ī˷ĻʮӶЦ˲ʧǲǻָĮı顣
һУֻΪ֯һ֮֯й֮޲ÿݡ
磺֯ϽгԱƷ֯гԱжǰһ죬ϽŮɫ;ƣ򵱳ǹ
һ֯ĳԱձִڼ䣬һʽ񣬽Ȼ񣬵ص֯غֱӱִǹ
һΣ֯Կǹ
һǹ
֯֯Աһ߻ϣ˫ʮ׶վһǹԱܹɵ죬ȡ̡
֯Աļ֤£Ա˵еӵûһӵ֯죬ҺվԭأûŲ벽
ԭضӵ
һ죬֯죬֯Ա棬һľȻԱһӵ󣬴ԱԴ
һ죬֯ԱʵҲļ壡
ţ
Ī˷ĻеЦ˲ʧźɫͷ׵骣˿ȻЩǡ
һ棬Ī˷ĻԱ֤ط֮ǰȻ£һ棬֯ļе£
Ϊź֪ļɣܹ֮ʦ
ļУĽֲӵĳԱҲδ֯ļ
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ţ
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֣骵ˣ
סϺܶطеף㲻ĻǰߣҪߡ
ͣ½ŲͬʱѺӶˣе𾪳ֱ
һС
֮е骣гһɻȻľżһ㣬ǰ
ûд𰸡
֮У骺ܿڵϷѪҲֹһĵۣ˴еӵ
骹۲һеͬʱʮӶ뿪սСɣѻ֡ͻ֡۲֡
Ǵ»ء
쵽ʱĪ˷ٴ´
ǣӳ
Ѻ骺ȻӶһʱӦȻ˴ɽͷµɽС
ɽڴӲݴȴء
ɽĵʯ̳ɣʮƽͷ޽̨ף̨׿Լ¡
骺Ȼ̨ף¶ʮ׺ȫɵˣ
ӳһĴɳκһ޴ʾʾж棬Щһò
Ҳ˵ڼ֮£
𾪣طĻرȽˡֻԤһѵضѡ
骺Ȼ𾪵ģһӶЦ˵֮оǽ
һ֯Ӷ֮Լ飬ȫΪ֯ٶʵ̫죬֮֯ĹӪģʽȫӶ֯ȵģ쿰ţ
ӶĻ骺Ȼ˶һۣڶԷпĵǡطֻҪһǵЩӶļ֮£ôս
ûд𰸣˺ܿ㱻ϣӱᵽĻǰ
ǽӶļ£Ŀطǵս
˿̣ͨƵؿںӶսǰ׼ѻڵԾѻǹͻڱõкס
M82A1ѻǹ
ͨĻѻеľѻǹ̲ס
ΪְͥҵԵԵʣŮ˲һ·ƤЬӡױƷҲϲʺͻʯ
ϲǹ;ҶԾѻǹжӡ
һ۱ϳ˺ųؾѻ֮ıM82A1
٣Ȼϳ˱M82A1
骵ľһӶЩؿһۡ
㣬ǹôȻ̲סʵ
˽ǹĻӦÿԿǵľѻԱߵĵУﲻͨӵԶ̾ѻ׵ȼյʹȼյ
ӶȫȻͬһ⣬Цż˵Ҳ˵ǵĻҪԶ̾ѻʹȼյ͸ĵһ
ӶĻ骳Ĭˡ
M82A1Զ̾ѻɻ150019׺ĸְ壬ȫԻ洬ɱط硣
ڴȼյ
ǾС͵ըһĿᱬըȼգֱӴݻ洬
仰˵طڴϣ洬ֱȼյеĻطпʬǶ治
һ̣ףЩӶΪθսˣ
׼ʵ̫ˣ
׼Ҫ˵һˣһսСǰҲ޻أ
Ŀ𣿡
̲סԼ
ûд𰸡
ʮӺ
Ŀ֣뺣ɱжʼ
ԭĴﴫĪ˷ͳ


163 в
½ضԣϵùݣпʮǰոգʮӺͱɴ硢Х
طʻ洬ӽ֮ǰ洬뺣ֻʱ򣬺ѹѹڵסգХŶӴ䣬ˮһ㡣
˺ˣߴＸףϵسźܵʯϡ
ããУطʻ洬һҶСۣ˳ҡڣ·ʱᴬ󺣡
ôʱͻȻˣ
ɽͷϣѻ׼ͻĴڵܳ˵ϵĺ̫󣬾ѻǹȳϵͳʧЧˡ
µıԹĪ˷üͷһ
Ϊ֯ĺĳԱǰֲӵļ⵶Ȼֶ֪Ծѻָźܴ෴ʺͻս
ΡΡ
ȻĪ˷ϵߵ
ߵ֯רģõĳϵͳźű鲼ȫ
Ī˷ʲô
ߵܿͨ֯ͨߵ磬ЩģشĪ˷ĶС
ͷĿ洬뺣ңѾս׼ˣܲս
Ī˷ǹػ㱨ֳȻʵͷǵ𣿡
ߵĺ󣬴޷Уǿ϶޷׼ʱϵˡ
֯˵ǾȫɵĿ꣬޷;ʱ䣬ȴ֧Ԯ
ǣ죡
Ī˷һ
Ȼ骺ȻţԴ
һ֯ĻأһжǵƿС
֪֯Ŵ󲿶ڸʱطҴִﺣʱ伸ͬ
񣬴󲿶޷ʱִζţֻʮӭսط磡
е˲
ϾطΪ͵ŭڣԽһˣһǹɱ֯ʮԱ
Ϊ˷ֹһĿĴֱӽ٣֮⣬ǵĴҲҪ٣ֲ֯
ǣ죡
Ī˷ٴȴǸζ
ΪĻ˶սСӵĲΣΪǺп޷ɱط磬ʶǻٴֻ
һʧˣŴ󲿶ǰԽطɱ
Ϊ磬޷ʱϵʱ
֯ͨĪ˷Ƕ˶񣬲ߵʮ˵Ҳ˵ֻʮһɱж
İɣӳǿԸɵǸ飡
ǵģǲҪ󲿶֧Ԯ
Ī˷Ļܿ˸Ӧʮ㡣
ǵǺοұźظǣĲ㣬ҪǱٺϵдֻӶֹжʧܺĿߣĪ˷ͳ˵
һΣû˻Ӧ
֪кܷܲŭͬˣ
Ī˷ĬӣٴοڣȻߣڹʿڴ̼³ԱԱǷӳǿսֵǣǼٲٷŭҲǿʵж֤Ǵġǵǵ֮ǰɵĿꡪңܲ
ܣ
һ̣
ʮӶĪ˷򼤷ѪԺͶ־
ãֻҪɱĿ꣬Ǵã
Ī˷ЦˣȻ׳һն
ֵǣɱŮˣ
ò˵ΪֲӼ⵶Ī˷򣬲սһҲǿõ˾޴ӦղŻڱԹľѻڣ˶־սʮ㡣
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ӶĿ⣬骺Ȼ˶ܲ
ڣӶܿŲĿ⣬ĿͶʾͬʱűʼǱ
ԭΪ۲ֵǣǾѻС鲻ɻȱһԱҪϻȾѻֻҪߣǾѻɾɱһбϡ
ͨ£Ǻ;ѻһΪѻṩ룬򣬷٣¶ȣѹһϵпܶԵӰأʱѾѻǹеУ
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ΪʹѻǹʱȶҪʱ򣬻ҪѻֵżܣͬʱҪѻ֣ھѻ⵽͵ϮɧţΧ˵ʱΪ˱֤ɣҪæЩвʵʱ׷
ѻֲǿԶѻּս֤ɡ
죬ǵսʽͬ
ڼ֮£ǲҪھѻֵߣڴͿɹ۲ְֵ𡪡ͨϵļϵͳΪѻṩݡ
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Ƭ̹󣬴УһӶڱ롣
ļϵͳ̽⵽3ﷶΧ֮ڵдֻ
ţ
ӶĻ骺ȻͷȻһ֪ط缴ִﺣˡ
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2Ŀѽ̣þѻ׼
۲ֲϵشݣͬʱѣM82A1Ч
1.910ӷ򣬷١
طʻĴ뺣ֻ1.9ʱ򣬹۲Ѹٴ׼ȷݡ
飡
һ̡
ǹƺϿա
һŴȼյХŴǹطʻ洬
ѻҪһǹ洬ط󺣣


164 ݳʼ
M82A1ųؾѻ֮оѻֵɱ
ȼյǱM82A1ɱﵣ
䡪
һ̣ȼյڼٷ֮׼ȷޱȵػ洬һ졣
洬ֱըѿ
˺ХⱻĴֻ䣬˲䱻ˮû
goodɹĿ꣡
У𴫴ݵĹ۲֣ͨϵͳѾ޷̽鵽洬֮Ц޵
⣡
ȻӶĻ骺Ȼһӳȥ
ô
һ̣Ǿ̲סԼ
ûд𰸣ڱ˴˵Ͽĵǣ
ͻɽһ飬ԺѲߣ
ͬʱɽͷϣĪ˷Զˮûֻ֮󣬳´۲ּ۲죬һĿǵ㱨ѻôӵ۲ֵ֪ͨͻָɵĿ꣡
ǣӳ
һ̣ʮӶԼͬӦ
ӳΪĿǱǵĸǰٷ֮٣޷ںУȷĿǱǵôӦ󣬸ղſǹѻ֣Լɡ
ķ׼ȷ㲻ҪˣǵĶǻóȥжϡοǱȷܳκβ
ò˵Ī˷ȷһΪɫľˣΰ˵սúܺáսӶ֣սӶ֣
ðɣӳ̫ӶˡѻԣʶԼĴ
ţĿǵѻֱһʱȻͣڰߵҴֻȻͻֶԸĿ꣡Ī˷ٴ´
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ѻַ׷
۲֣ǶǹսðŴ꣬ɽгź߳ȥ
Ī˷¶ԽԶض洬ըѵĵطͼѰطӰ
Ȼ
˿̣ƮŴ꣬ϾˣҪ˵һˣϸĻС洬ֲˡ
ããУһӰź˵ĳʱڿգʱ׹·ڽˮϱݡ
Ǳˣط磡
˿̵洬ըĵطף
⵹ڶ̶̲һӵʱ˶ףΪǰˣ
һĪ˷֪ͨԷҪǵ˺֪ԷںϽ˾׽
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󣬵ƽٶ̫Ҳظ˾ѻֵߣȷǵ֮ǰΣա
طںʱбĽķգû˿ľţһ侲
Ϊ͹ЩΨһΪֲܹɽ֡ѩءɳĮʹ󺣵⻷սѵҲܹꡢȺͱѩȼսѵ
˿̵ĺˣȻѵʱҪö࣬ҲҪӵö࣬ȻĽܷΧ֮ڡ
һսԱпܱĵûʹȥԣӰ첻󡪡㲻ðƾǿȣҲԵֵ˵Ļˡ
۷ľǿߣ̤ˮУ
ȻûǸزȫԽź˵ں̤˶ˡ
Ȼûнĳԣǻᱩ¶ھѻֵǹ֮£
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УطžԶǰģĺš
Զս;ѻǹʼӿٶȣ򺣵
һףףס
ããУطɺĴ򣬺ˮˢᶨƵسźȥ뺣ľ롣
ţ
뺣׵ʱСˣҲСˣطٴóԶؿĺͣ洬
֣طһ
ԭط洬ʻĺʱѾĴ㡪֯ӵоͨĻϵͳ洬󺣣
ʻ洬빫ʮųֿԣΪ˺пͨƣ˴ںжΧˣ
󣬵ӵ˵֪ͨҪǵʱΪ˿϶ڵ׼˴Ա
˿ֻ̣洬󣬵Ʒеļ衣
ֻҴӶᳬʮ
طжϣȻЩɻ󣬡ţΪܸɵң
ûд𰸡
طԶȻ͵Ǳˮıǰ
ղһֱ˳洬֮ǰǰķ˿ƺͺ綼Сˣ˲ڵѻֵߣεĻпܻᱻѻַ֡
ǱˮӾ
ʱط粻ظľٶ
Ǹı䷽򣬺γףżźȥ
ţ
뺣ֻж׵ʱطͻȻһ˳ںİߣ忪˰ߵӲݣ֯Ա
ʹʼ
ط簵һȻһǱˮУͳսеߺһ΢͵ƿȻߴϡ
һУһֻĺ㣬򰶱ߡ
ף
һף
ʮף
ʮף
ط뺣ֻʮ׵ʱ¶ͷ۲һӲݴԣӶȻ֮󣬵°γņ̀־ǵ䡣
飡
飡
ǹȻӵХӶԴ
ۡ
ۡ
ѪţԴըѣ˲ݴС
طѸǱ뺣ˮУзһ㣬źˮеĽʯı䷽
Ŀ֣
ģɵ1ͻ֣
ͬʱ
»شӶȺ𣬴˴İ
ǵ֮д𾪣޷εľ֡
ش磬Ҫսһҵǰ𣿡
ݳʼô
۲𾪶ֵĴĻȥӶȻ˵ϣ¶ڴ


165 طǵ
ɽ»صĴΪ۲ֵӶ˫ضĻ·
ǵߵļػ棬ܹĸΪĸ򣬼ܵİȫûκǡ
һʱ䷢طǵλãȻϢӶ
ȻҲĿͶ˺ܵĻ棬ȴطǵ
ѻ֣洬̣
ͬʱĪ˷´ɫܲÿüͷһ
Ϊط粻ͬûҳ֮Ѹײڶ֮Ƹɵ¡
еջ𣬸ǲ
飡
飡
ܿ죬ǹ촫ŴȼյȺͣڰߵ洬
䣡
䣡
컮ƺϿգ洬Ȼը֧飬ܿ챻ˮû
ţ
طһʯ󷽣ðԴһĻüͷһ
һ̣뵽˹Ŵǵĵʡ
ŴսǳŰΧ͹ĻЧ̫ãܹǳɹҲҪʹĴۣ
ΪôڶϾ˳ϣƵǲòѪƴ
෴ǵһſһţеͷĻ󲿷˶ʹ£Ǹ뿪Ӷ⵽ɱ
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ѻ֣׼1ͻ̸֣е1·ΪֽߣȻϸ
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Ϊ֯ѵأҪѵ֯Ա䱸˸ѵʩΪ˷Ϊĸ򣬻ն֡
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ٴĪ˷Ǿѻ֣ʣµͻ֣ǶûгϢִĪ˷
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ಣ
ಣ
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ں½ϸߣˮ󣬺ܿ㱻γˮˮܼȺܵͣط޷ںϵĵˣֻܹ۲캣ĵΡ
ţ
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ͻֽӵĪ˷ڴп񱼸1
һĻطûǹɱӶȻӶǹ̷Χᱩ¶Լ
طѸٴ򿪾ѻǹóѻǹٵԡУ׼
󣬾͵Ӷ嵽طһ׵ĵطʱط˾ѻǹĵԺУ׼Ȼѻǹ˵Ӱ
׼
ط粻ͣһǳɣ
顪
ǹ죬ͷ
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һӶʶԵڵأͼַͨʽܾѻͬʱѰطӰ
طתǹڣ˲ڶӶӰ
͸׼ǣطؿӶſڵϣ˫ָ첲ŵأзһ㣬ڿٳһĲݴƶ
һĻطͫ΢΢ٴο۶
飡
ǹٴһӵХųţ׼ȷޱȵػ˵ڶӶ̫Ѩ
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2ͻֱУĿӵоѻǹ
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ۿطͣ½Ų۲ֵһʱ֪ͨͬ飬ͬʱָžѻֽоɱ
۲ֵĻ骺Ȼס˺һɤϣһضŻ棡
Уط翿ҬϣĿͻȻһҬ
ǿҬϰװһͷ
֣ͫ˲Ŵ
Σգ
һ̣طŲĿ⣬ͻȻӦëǱһ㣬ëȻĸо
顪
ʱǹˡ
ɽͷ֮ϣ֮ǰľѻ֣ϵؿ۶˰ӵХط米ǿҬ


166 
Σգ
طԤһʱӦ
УƾֲȻһշӷؽס
ͬʱʮĴ׵׼ȷޱȵػطҬϳһɫĴ󶴣
󶴵λãƫǡطԴλã
Ҳ˵طûмʱԺշķʽӵĻ˿ѾΪһˣ
꣡
ţɶѣҬ˳Ƶ
飡
ʱڶǹ촫
ڶѻֿǹˣطڿյĻɱط磡
ò˵һɫľѻ֣֪طһζ廹񾭷Ӧһ˿ͣ١
ң֪˵ڿպû㣬ȫʧȥġط޷ڿнж
ܷʵܹǸУ
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ڵڶѻֿǹͬʱһ촫
Уط˫ȻڵҬϣŷ֮չһ㣬ڿԾǰ
һ̣ӵطӺХɢſµ·ҲеһȸС
⡭ôܣ
ۿطڶζӵڶѻһš
ش۲Ҳһı顣
Ȼζû뵽طԶڶӵ
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Ī˷ֳ־ԶһĻһࡣ
ط׹أ˳һٴʧڲݴС
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ģҵҪӣ
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طǶԣһӣ
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ûлش
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һĻĪ˷ɫѿ˼㣬ȴû˵ʲô
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167 Ϊɱ
طŶɱĻ羪һ㣬ںϿը죬УðĪ˷ڵ֯Ӷе
ΪǶ֪طʧȥۡЭǸûʵط繫ƽһս
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Զѻͨ׼ͬκĪ˷˿Ǳģɴסˡ
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һ̣еĵǵȻ޴棬ȡ֮Ǽ˷ܡط練Ϊɱ˵ȫǵ


168 ̤׶
뺣߲ԶĲݴУط֮󣬷ֵĿʧˡ
Դˣ֪Էʱſڵأ޷ԷӰˡ
ûĪ˷˷ʱ䣬þѻǹȳܣѸɽѰҵˣѰһȦûʲô֡
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ᣡ
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ĻɱңǾͲӦû洬Ӧ֧ԮӣΪͶ֧ԮʱˣΪ˷ֹߣֻû洬ط˼άϵؽӽࡣ
뵽˴ط粻ٶ룬ѻǹһϷɽͷèòݴԺľڿʼѸƶ
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170 ѻ
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֮⣬ӿֳһõֱʶصתǹڣ׼ͬڵ

ܿ죬㿴׼гһƬѪ
ѪȾӲݣˮˢ飬ϵص䡣
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171 
𾪶ˣҲľˡ
ǶĪ˷۲ǡݡ
طǵʼǾͲϵ𾪣˿Ѿľˣڵ˺ֻʣ˿־塣
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Ȼһǧһ޷ܣ˿̣ǵСĪ˷Уûѡء
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Ī˷ҡҡͷ޷ɽгɹѻطĻ˻ػشһ

Ī˷Ļ骺Ȼ˿ǸоڹŹϻһȦ
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骺Ȼͷͬʱһû˵ʲô
Ī˷شһM134ǹ
M134ǹŻڣǻǹ֮
ͨ£װֱװ׳ϵĸM134ǹձܴﵽ6000-10000/ӡ
Ҳ˵ûǹÿܴһӵ
Ī˷ŵǵٵM134ȻȸٵM134˵ѷɫܶ࣬ڵսԣѾǻ͵ˣ
ÿ3000ϵӵ
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һսҲ룡
˿̣ط磬ԼóM134طһս

Ī˷ǳɱM134ǹӵγɵĽԼصӵ䣬骺Ȼ˶еһëȻ
M134ϸеŨҵϢ
뵽طַ֮

֮Уط粢ֻ֪ʣˡ
ٴοʼǰΪ֪˵ӽӽ˵ĺ򣬹ʶٶȡ
ˣͬһֻıӣòݴԺľڣèǰƽٶȣԶһֱ
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Ӻط˳ѻڵĵطһѽѻͷʬ嶪һԣȻųؾѻ֮ıM82A1׼ǰ
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ǵڣȺɱͻ֣ѻ֣ܼưˣԤƵвСĲࡣ
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طжϣȻ󶪵֮ǰ;ѻǹؾѻ֮M82A1͵Уͬʱ˸þѻµߵ硣
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Ī˷£̨ףɽ֮С
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һ޴ʯ飬мһ׶ǿ׶СǡÿM134ǹܷŽȥ
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ѾֻҪطɽ䵱ڻҵ½۶ܼӵ鲼ɽط޿ɶ㣡
£ɱ£Ҳϧ


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ȡȡ
ط㿪ӵͬʱһߣ˹Ī˷ǰʯ飬ʯը̱ǵİǺĪ˷һ߿ԣһᡣ
ŭһȻѸصĻڣһԾ̨ϣ˳̨׽»ء
»صĴȻΪĪ˷뿪ǰǾ仰жЩֻţ˿̿Ī˷ֱؽһ
ݵеĿ־ֱ
ΪǶжϳĪ˷ûֹط磬пҪǶˡ
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㡭ʲô
ҵʹδ֪Ŀ־壬Ȼʧ
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ӺעУطڴڣ


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ԭطΪҲˣȻϰ׺󣬵ųֿܡǻԱϵͳ˲һ٣
㲻Ҫ˵̫ˡҪˣǵҵУ
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Ī˷ģĪ˷ղŵĻطԺͻȻֳһӰüͷȻ


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طҡҡͷȥ룬ջĿ⣬ԵȻˣ΢΢һЦûˣе˶Ѿˣ
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ԣѵһ죬ĿĸױɱҪҡ
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طȻűȷ黹骣һԣȻЦðɣŮ٣ֱһǱ֮
ߣҵѡֱҲûˣǷ󣡡Ӧ˵ţһҲ졣
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ط绺³֣Ȼ͵Ϊҵǵʱ򣬻洬ûнͨ뿪

ȻطĻ骻Ȼһԭµٴ
ΪǶط绰е˼սδΣδ
һطܹٴλɱǰĵˣٴλٴֻĻǻҪںϡ
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طȥıӰ̲סԼ


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˿̣ɫѺڣȫڰ֣пһ˿⣬ֻˮͺХ
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ţ
ѹԼ˱ڻУӽŶԷ˵εڶԷϡ
֣һ𣬶ɴȻطŽߵӣ
㡭Ҫʲô
骾һͬŮһʶػӳ֣Ҫط⡣
ѹ㣬˵ֲҪ˶
طһץס骵ĸ첲Ž͵˿ڸȾ¸˻ԣҸע˼أȻָιȻûˣֱ£û취ֻܰ㱧ڻС

طĻʶصͷ
·Ȼ㻻ġط˵
ԡԲҡ
ٴطĻ֪ط˵һжģһûںͬʱΪط绳УЩţ̣ҪĳƵġ
ȻˣҲˣһиʲô͸ϽҵĴȶѹˡ
طû˵ղҪӦ죬ͱȶˣ
ΪҪǣµֵսⰻȻѹƵڣǽһ㲡
㡭
طĻ֣ߵشطĻѡ
ϵĸֿˮȵ㣬Ȼ˯ɣҳȥһˡط˵
ȥʲôʶʡ
ȻҪȥͣûУͬʱûеǵطû˵ţҪ˵شأ㶼벻
ءط磬쵰
ֱţߵͨ졣
Ů٣ԴľˣǶ𱨰
ط˵ţ󲽳ȥ
ллл㡣
طȥıӰ̲ס˵С
⻹ࡣ
طŲͣػ˻֡
˵֧ԮӸϵаռ𣿡ԥһʵ
ѶȺܴ󡣡
طͣ½Ųתһؿ骣˵о࣬װ֮ǰЩ˵ĲĻĻǣоװڶĻǱ
骻һ𣬳Ĭ
ֹ֪֮ͣʱпܾµս֮ʣ


176 ŷ
峿Զ³ǰ׵ʱ򣬺СˣҲͣˣһֺںƽ¶ԴȾ˺棬ˮһɫۼ
Ȼ
ںɽͷط磬û͡
£ӭս׼
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ͻȻ֮䣬طֹͣ˽Ų
骺Ȼطɫȥöˡ
Ů٣оô
طеǹ΢ЦųʵɣһҲսǰӡ
սҪ𣿡
طɶĵĻһůȻطǰĸ̲סʵ
š
ط˵ͷһСʱǰСڵ˵ߵ˺˵֧ԮںټСʱ
Ҳ˵һСʱˣһ
š
طٴεͷĿͶԶüͷ𣬡ڶ࣬ҶɽͷӭսȻȥߵǳˮ̲Ҹʺ϶صĵط
У
ֱҡͷطĻҪ㲢ս
Ҳߣ
ȻҲ̬ˣ̬ȼ
˵ĿңʡԵ˶ԣǵѾˣǿпޡң˵֧ԮӲ֪ǵںʯĻȥĿԺܴ󣡡ط翪Ȱ˵
ط磬Ҫһ
һΣȿڵȻһᶨؿط磬ͬԹ
ҳ˼ͥСҵĸױңΪһˣԶܱԼԶԼսѣ
骵ı࣬ȻǾˣҪԹͬĵˣսѣҲԼ뿪ƴȻĻ˵Ҫһ
ðɣǶɽͷŵ˵ǵȻʼս
ŮһᶨģŮľģط粻ټ֣жҲЩж
һ̣鵽˵սǳĸо

뺣ʮﴦ
洬ڳźķС
洬ϣϰ֯ĳԱȫװվڼװϿڼװ̣ڴϢûһ˺Ⱦơ
м洬Ĵֻһ
˽һװ˵ߣĽ׳սŵùĹĵģ³ĸо
һŹߣ޷ĳֻ࣬ܿĵۡ
һ˫κθɫʵ۾ĿĮӵζ
Ǹо·ûκܹ⣬
ڴڣǰϾĺˣҲ֪Щʲô
죡
Ȼ⴫һ
һŮˡ
ŮħģԿɵսҲ޷ڵߡ
һű׼Ĺ΢ݣտ˫ʯǶ棬ͦ촽Ա
ֵģһԵˣ
Ժŵ˵һͷƮݵĳһŸ߸Ьں̺ϣЩνȻʧɫ
û˳֯Աһƽͷ
ˣȻ޷֡
к٣֯鱨ˡ
һ˶ڳɶϢ֯һгԱģȴ˸Ⱦָ
һ棬ɫֲӵƳԱ̫ˣ̳ȫٷ֮ʮϵˣó鱨Ϣռ͵սΪ˵ã۸񶷻ǹŽ֯ǰʮ
ΪҪǣ֯ĳԱŮˡ
֮⣬ǻ֪֮Ը⵱Ĵ飬ȫΪǿʵ
⣬ӱֱվĮ࣬ȫҪԼˡ
ʵȷˣ֯ڴ֮⣬ʱ¼ϵȼȷԽ

֯ջĿ⣬ɫʵ˵
죬ٴγĪ˷ϵûеõӦ߽գûӱֱվ㱨
ϵˣǿ϶ˡ֯쵭
ҲΪ
ٵͷȻ˵ĿǰǾ뺣ĻػʮԭֻҪһСʱɵִﺣڳһЩ״ʱӳ٣Ҫȡ񣡡
Ŷ֯ڳһ˿ʲô״
ڸղţͨϵͳ⵽ҴڳڵСһҴǳģ㹥˻ľǼϵͳ֪Ҵֱڻĺͻľٷɿػ㱨
ĺ;ĴǾǾ֯üͷһ
ǵģ죬Ҿıš
ٱص֪һкΪ֣ȥҾʻ빫ԭ򣬽֪ľ;ɽֲϮһŮʹѧֲӽٳ֣˴빫
ľ;ɳѾȡҾµϢʾŮ⣬ǻľĳŮ
֯Ĭ
ģĪ˷Ǹ׳գȻٳһŮʣˣľ;Ϊ˱ڹ͹ѹ벻ôģ㱨Ϻ󣬺̲ס
ⲻĪ˷Ρ仰˵Ī˷ûнٳŮľ;Ҳô֯ƽ
Ϊʲôٲ⡣
Ǹı亽ߣȻҾǷǳġ֯ûлش𣬶´һ
ǣ죡
ûʣһʱ侴Ȼת뿪ա
ʮӺ
ȥٴվ֯ǰɫѿػ㱨죬ȷҾǳģǡ
ܲǵļӣ֯ʵ
ԣʱޣӣ֮󣬻ľϢڿͱƽ⡣
˵ȻѵǾǲʮһֱǵĻضǵִﺣ֮ǰ档
ȡߣ3Żء
֯´
ǣ죡
ٴת뿪
ط磬ò˵үĺܾ㣬ӹһ
뿪֯ѻָƽĺ棬ƽ˵ҲүһӣһΣ¾ûôõˣ


177 ϲ
ʱˮ֪УһСʱȻѴӺƽĵںϣۿȥһƬơ
ںϵĴѾɢȥŢĵðˮһȺ֪ð˳ںϿУһľ
طվںɽͷϣԶĿ۲źܵĺѰŴֻӰӡ
Ȼѧϰǹе֪ʶ׼һط硢˲ս
ȻѻǹԶǹ̫㲻ʺϣһǹɡ
ȻŪѻǹ骿ЦѣͬʱҲòȻ񾭴ڵ˼֮ʣȻһҲ־壬ԾԾԵҪɱУһŮɱġ
ȻҲ֪Ȼ֮˷̹Ȼ̶ܴΪط
طǶ˶ԣ綨裡
ðɣ
Ȼ죬Щ⣬þѻǹġ
з𣿡
ЦЦȻ󿴵ط¾Զ̲סʵ
ûУûзִֻ
طҡҡͷаЩɻ󣬵Ϊʲôûе
Сʱ󣬵ɻûг֣طеɻŨ
Ӧòˣ
ʱ֣ңطٴηԶжϡ
Ϊʲô
ԣ˿ȻЩ⡣
ԭ϶˱ʣ絽ˡ
ط˵ɣϾҹ򲢲ǺԶܹɵңԲӡ
˵᲻Ǿ;ɳ˾˵ˣһ˵ԼĲ²⡣
пܡ
ط΢΢һͷϾְ죬ʽٳ֣¼ʾͱˡ
㻪˵һСʲô˵϶ǾЩ׳Ϊ˾㣬ɳ˾
˵ţѯطΪλ᲻ţܵѧȥ˻ȥ
Ȼ˵̸ֹͣŪѻǹʵ;ɳĻǲǾͿԻȥˣ
ֻ˵ϣɡ
طЦãã󺣣ôСһһɳ;֪⣬ȷλǵĻҵǣࡣ
ţȷʵס
̾˿һط磬ðһŹֵͷ;ҲҪһһӣ
ͷӿ骲һȵط֣Լر𿹾ܡ
֣ԼһҲûɵؼӿ죡
ҲõģճϢ
Ȼͬ뵽һ㣬֮дż㽣ܿ뵽ʲôЩʵ˵ΨһźǣǻزȥĻŹǸı͵óˣ̳ҰµһУ
ģ˵ϣСʱȥϣãԶ϶ȥġ
طԣǰḧȻԴһһǳȥ֮գŹ֮ʱ

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ֵĻұˡ10.14ֲϮָģΪֳطרĳ鳤ĸг鳤
ʱһһɳְֹ쵼˲ֹĳְ
ΪɽһֵԶ֪һ㣬еѹ޴󡪡ĿǰΪֹûط硢骡Ȼʹͽκ䣡
еʱ򣬸ݸϢƶϳֽٳ뿪˻ľںͺ򣬽˹
һֻܽеϣں;ţԼʲôҲҲˡ
ֳҸղѾжĺͺԱȡϵĿǰûзʺʹͽ䡣
ɽ̾ӶӳԶɫÿСػ㱨Ѿȵʱ˿ɵĴֻ׷ϴֻЩֻܿ뿪ˡ
Ҳ˵ĿǰûκõϢô
Զؿϣ˫ͨʵ참ڣһֱûϹۡ
š
ɽ̾Ӷӳ˵ͷȻԥһ£ֳҪҪϢһ᣿
ϢҲƲˣôϢ
ԶЦһȻֱӣʵۼǱʲôչ𣿡
ۼĳԱĿڹȫһ£˶ڰĹһ֪
ɽ̾ӶӳǸشȻ˵ˣֳۼŵܲīˣҴʦҪշɹ涨ͷŹšǿ׻ˡ
ֳôӣһ֮ԶЩջط˾ɧ
ɧɧۼĸζʲôǿǶ޵֪󣬹ϵӴˣҲڶ겻
ЩϵԶԶһɽһֿ԰ƽģ
ߣҪ֪ǣʱܴѶ⣬붫ͨö˶ǽжʮСʱϼءʾ뾳֣ʱưۼźĳԱ뾳Ȱˮʯٽ
ɧԶָֻܿ侲´ָʾ
ǣֳ
ɽ̾һֹ˳ҡ
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Źǿ׻뿪Ѷҡ
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ǼռҴҸīʱ¶˱˶ŭı顣
ϳ˵
īҲűʹһʱĻҲֲ֪˵ĵط
ܿ죬īŹšǿ׻
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ΪŰ۵ָʾȥʳյĵ̺⣬˴ɨĹİȫŹ𣬽Ű۱ɱȻ֪ټ⡭ܷŭ
塭
Źܹܵīŭ⣬ȻкܲмϱֵúͰûڣṩ˵ǣһֲظī
һ棬īǰۼŵܲãڽ۹䵱žʦĽɫǽŰ۵ĶŹŵĳŹӦء
ΪҪǣŹȻڶʱλҲ֪λ֮ǰī˺ƤҪϷݺá
ŹŵĻ㱨īĬˡ
ڼŹ֮ǰѾͨϵ˽ľӾ֪Ź˵Ŀڹ
ԭΪʵ˽г룬ȴû뵽ŹŸ˵ģ˵һģһ
壬ȻϢ𣿡
ŹżīĬʵ
ţ
ȻŹôһʣǿ׻˷׷׽ĿͶī
ΪǶ֪鷢չһȻطֹŹλǹϷְۼΨһİʯ
ֻҪˣŹŵļƻ
ûС
īҡҡͷ֪ɱֽȻʽٳ֣˹طȥӪˣĿǰûϢң;زɳȥѾȣûκη֡
ģĸ˵Ӿôɱ֣
īĻŹ˾˿޲õЦǶûЦһıʹУŹŸɱȻ֪˭ҪϧһдŪ
Ǻ飬֮Ҫ뾡һа취ҵȻ
īü˵ţȻؿŹš
ţʲô취ǶҪҵȻ
ŹصͷȴЦѣ
Ȼ֯˴⣬ԲܻŻ


178 С˵־
Ű۸ɨĹڼ䣬ɱְɱ
Źšǿ׻˱͵ͬʱŰ۱ɱϢĵ磬綼Ϣ
һУֻΪŰռűΪĶڻĵλԺգ뾳ⲻк
֯ڴϢͬʱ׷׽յ类Ѫϴһϵһ𣬲˶Ϊ߼Ҵ˶Űʵʩ
ߵ±ͷŻɶ
±֮⣬ĺ䶯ڵ磬ϰʿڹע
һ棬Űһ޵ĸֽø˷롣
һ棬Ű۱ɱһ£Ѿںڰɱˣְ챻ʽٳ֣¼ֱء
һЩϢͨ˵֪ٳֵŮǾͷҹŮ;زѾɳȥѲѳΪʿȲԷ̸顣
ŹŶԣ骾¼УЩԤϣ̬ķչҲ󣬵ûеġ
ΪֻҪط硢骺Ȼˣֻǿ׻֪
ǿ׻񶼸һϵƣһپ٣©
һֵٴ󣬾Ҳᶨ
뷨Źű汯ˡǡŭϲ˷ܵشɽص˶ī˽͵ס
Źڻصס֮ǰǿеĳ嶯ûñֻ¼ǵȻصס󣬲ŵһʱ¼˰
𡢺ڹѸ̻Ͱ֯ɳɱڻģʧܸգ
Ŀ֯ԺḽͷƬ
ŹŽ밵̳Ȼ
һӵķǰ֯ĹԱ֯õϢһʱĴɱ֯ʵȷϣ󷢲ӡ
ڶӵķ֯ĳԱ֯巢ӡ
ڰ̳飬ԱĿ꣨ط磩ǿͬʱҲڸ̾ΪSӶ֯ɱ֯һ֯Ȼ鴫ɱ֯ɱȡ
ЩݺŹһ˿ǵȻ޴棡
Ȼ֪֯Ϊûеһʱ丽ƬţطȻ֯Уɣ
ˡˡ
Ժ󣬾͵Źŷñֻص̳¼ۼͬʱֻ
ţ
ŹһֻһȻԴ˰ĵ绰
ţװѣףɹλ
绰ܿͨ绰ͷΪֵ֮׸ʱŵδӰ˺ѡ֮һ˹ʱŵȿڣΪŹףء
ллװѡ
Źŵȼһ֧ڵĹŰѩѣһڣһЦ˵ףеˣһûλ
ţװѣںͳɹλô
˹ʱŵЦ˵常Ľ̸ŰѾˡŮɵǸˣţصǸһǶ֯УעҪһˣļƻʵˣô
װѣϢͨŹЦϡ
ţҿ԰ĻϢ̸̽ǴӸʱŵׯ԰ˣ
˹ʱŵõ٩˵ţȻʵţװѣ׼ʲôʱʽλҺǰԤĻƱ
װѣڿЦô㻹ԤƱôҸұ֤չ˾ϰ죡ŹŲźۼعά
ţⲻǼź칦𣿡˹ʱŵЦŹŵƨ
ȷǸúصļһһΪҵ常ٰһ¡صȻٽӹµһУʱһǰ֪ͨġ
Ź˵˹װѣһõƺƯĹд㣡
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˹ʱŵЦ˵֮ѡŹţν궼ǳؼΪ棡
ֻҪŹλԼǿۼ֮ĺΪ׬ȡԪΪδӰＯĳ롣
װѣĶġұ֤Ȩĺҹ֮󣬰ۼŻΪʱŵʵĺ֮һŹ³ŵ
̸ţװѣһĻҵ֪ͨͨĿĴﵽ˹ʱŵͨ
˶ԣʱǽǮһҲš
һ׬ǮȺܶһӶ࣡
ˡˡ
ŹŽ˹ʱŵͨҪȥϴ裬ȴֻٴ
Źֻһͮ硣
ңҲҴ绰Ǹ˴绰Ҫô
Ź½ͲͮΪԹ
װģҸսţʱŵ˹˵绰ոͨҪʹˡŹĻԡ
ġ
ͮеСŮһȻʵˣҹ˵ϢûȻϢô£
ҲҪ˵ѾˣֻϢûŹ˵
̫ˣӽǿһˣ
ͮ˿ǿֵСһ㻶ţȻֽεε˵ţ˼ѾϴװˣҪҪңˣҲ񡭡
װģŰ۵Ĵϣѹ£úףһұԼ
ͮǳջĻ˲ŹŸеһȣǱ侲ŰۺȻȻˣܶ黹ûīšҸоǸһЩɣԣʽƹܰۼ֮ǰǻҪƣܹ󡣡
ðɣٵȵȣѾ˺ܾˡͮЩԹ˵
죬һʽȨۼţƿضҹĻȨΪ̸ΪҵŮˣĽĸ
Źһ磬ٲȻѾԼ˶Ľ̸


179 Ϸݵ
վŵ㣬ۼš
ŹŽ뼯Ŵ¥һزĿһЩ仯
ʱΪۼ̫ү͹ɶÿν뼯Ŵ¥ÿһˣܿԷõЦݡ
ЩЦгֺõζ
֮⣬ЩòŮԱ󣬶ʶ̧ͷͦأչԼڴܹŹʯС忴ϣʵȸ˵ķԾ
죬Źŷ֣˶ֺ֮⣬ǰδйľη
ԴˣŹ
ۼŵԱ֪Űˣϣ̳Ű۵²ƿʲֵڵļţ
һֺõЦݣһηĿ⣬Źкܣȴһӡǰֳ˿ϲã
ܿ죬ɶ͸߹ԱܳרõݣֱＯŶ¥
ΪһʲڵĴͼţۼŵĶ¥ҾһռزһƽףȴŴ¥żߵĵطǹɶܽ롪רٿɶĻң
ռСȴװ޵øûʣڻмԲλ;Űӣĺʴ죬ֵǧ
ŹŶʱīǿ׻˻ԡ
īϣ컨巢Ҳ֪Щʲô
ΪŲܼ涭³ᣬ˫ֽڽ۾ûվǵĹâеֻãȻ
ƺֱһ̣ţǸغ;ηĽ̸ôˡ
ǿ׻̣һһȥܷӡ
ৣ
ŵ˲ԼͬĿͶŹš
ŹһԲߵԼλǰӣ
Ѿˡ
ۿ˵ˣīˣһΪλǸյλȦЩ죬ȴƾǿ־ԼͳƽȣŸڲҲ۷׷ףĻɢⶼ̶ܵͬȵӰ죡
ӰС̫ԩˣǵ֮취Ϊ籨𣡡׻ͷɱڵ˵
֪ıĻ֣һƤֽι㣡
ǿڸͣǸо·ĻҪǰҪԷ˺Ƭ
ʵϣĻ֣Աߣһϵơ
īǿ׻˵ĻΪĻֵŹûп
Ȼ
ڰۼڽ۹֮ǳֻ漰񣬴δڰɱ֪νӻ
϶ҪģĻ˭븶ʹۣ
īͷϿǿ׻˵ĻȻ󻰷һתڣ
һΪ类죬ְ챻ʽٳ֣ΪжʮСʱϼءʱ˿̣Ŵ¥ﶼо죡û취ھƤӵ±
ڶĿǰǻ֪Ļ˭û
Ȼ֪䲻Ӧ취ҵ
ģѾˣҪڵٰ
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Ҳ˵ǱѡµƶߣҵҿԸ㼺
ͬܵ飬֮ǱҪ¡һѡµĶ³ȶģǶԼ⣬Ƿֹǳ֡ڶ߾ȫѰȻﱸ³񡣡
ῪˣԼ˶ְƺ
СţأīŹš
ҵֻϧһдҵȻ͸常𣡡ŹźȻ˵ţѡϴֲֻᡣ
īͬ顣
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183 Źţ׼ô

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Ƕǹȥˣ
˿̣鷿ƣ
ǿ׻ֱ鷿һǽ˯ˡ
īڹݵĵϣ̡ͣ
ŹŲڡ
ͮͻ԰ͮŰ۵ĴϷشսΣȻͮһȥ˷ͮ˻ȥʱԡִսһأصǹݵʱѾʮˡ
Ȼʮʱ뿪ˣδ顣
ᣬܿͻ¼ˣȥǺѣʡһᶪˡ
īͷһʱ䣬Ȼü˿ǿ׻ˣһԵ˵
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˵ͷͬüǿ׻ˡ
ǿ׻鷿ﳶֱǶȥŰ۲ص˼㣬ȥƵ˯
ܣܣˣѣ
ܿ죬ߵǿ׻ԣ˵ļ˵
²˰ʹˣҹˣһСľ˯ˡ
ǿ˸Ȼ󿴵īɫÿȻںαؽһ
ǰ
׻Ҳǵͷ͡
ҪʵˣȥƵϢīޱ˵
˯ˣҲˡ
ǿҡҡͷȻȼһ֧̣⡣
ʱŹТ߽鷿
ŹţȻڣΪӣӦ飬һӰⲻ̫ðɣۿŹŲãīͳ˵
ܣ˵ûҵȷӦһҹ񣬸ǰʱҪӭ°һϣ쿸ס˿ЦŹдʣ˿Լʲô

ŹŵĻ᲻һ˻֮ĻҩζҲóƺԷ˳ۡ
٣īīʱˣ㻹ôȻҸŹŽа壬ҿ뼱ȥͶ̥
ǿ׻ȻûиеȣֻаЦ
Զǵܵīεؼ
Źɫһ䣬뷢ǵʱ򣬱ܣעĴǡ
ŹſĻīѹƵŭʱˣ⿴Ű۵ա
ɲǼ䣬еŭȻ޴档
ŹٲջҲŰ۵Źִվ߳ã۲Ĳ
ȻīҪаۼŵĹǸߵӸϵǹݣͬ˵һƬ֮󣬰ۼŵ˱½üŰۡ
ܣڰ˳䡣
ÿһǰݵİۼŸ߹ܣھϹ󣬶Ź˵ôһ仰˰οĿ𾴡
ΪŹѳΪۼŵĶ³պǰȫŹУȻҪֺŹš
үڰ˳䡣
ȰۼЩ߹Ű֮һ˽ãҲǰۼŵԱǸ߹ܣڰۼ¸ֹ˾ְнˮͷֺ졣
Щ߹ܱɳ͢еĹ٣Ǳڽ۹٣ֻɫҵͺڰɱ
ĳ˵ǲۼŵĺ
ÿϳ˽ϢŹŵĳƺҲٱү
ֻһֵĸı䣬ش󡪡ǶϿŹϴ
һУŹڶ
лл
Źһ˵رʾлЩ˵̬ҪڰۼЩ߹ܡ
ΪЩ߹ܿˡЩ˶ڽ۹ĺǿԵ߸½̸
ͬʱǿ׻˶һۣоǰҵѡ
ǵûѡŹźŹŵֶΣпܻһɵ
ŹɱŰۺͬŴ̫Ӽ̳лλһ˳λҵõЩĹǸɵӵ
һ£īĴ治֪ŹŵıҲ޼¡ľѳۣīı䲻ʲôҶҪŹų
үϵļֵ¸ˡ
󣬾͵ۼЩŽϢĺĹǸ뿪úΪŹͷĸͱڵİ߽ãػ㱨
ǵӭӣ
ŹŲɵ˵ţȴЩ˷ܡ
Ϊ״԰ۼŶ³̸Ĵкʹ棡
ЩˣΪǻλļ֤ˣ


185 ˷
̾ϵļֵ¸գƿŻĺʯͨ¢ϰʯ⣬ͬʱǰЩ꿴׼˲Ҷгͼչ˴Ȼ߻ն裬۽ڽ
ʯ⻹ն⣬ҡǮ
ΪڻĵλԺգŰ۵Ƚ
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ƵŰ۵һμһĸоΪѣֲϵѣܸɾʹ⡣
Ϊѣֵ¸Űߣʦʳյĵ̺ʱרþʦﾫϸѡһͻɽĺ񣬵͸Űۡ
Ǽ¾ͷʮǰ
ʮĽ죬űǰŰۣŰС
ϣ
Ǽֵ¸·롣
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˶ڱڵͬ£ǹһ鷿
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ŹТվȺǰ棬ۣͬʱ֪⻹⣬ī׵ľ룬ֺȺĸо
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ۿֵ¸ŹӭȥŰֵ¸ռһ棬ڼֵ¸ӡ
Сţڰ˳䡣
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Źſڸлһ˫أǸлֵ¸յİοҲǸлֵ¸ܹǰŰһ̡
ֵ¸ҡҡͷȻŹŵĴ·£Ⱥд鷿ʱͻȻͣ½ŲıҡҡͷʾԷȴ
һУֵ¸ղ߽鷿Źšīǿ׻ͬ
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ȻˣǵԼЧ꿪һǰһƿҶһն
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ΪͨŰ۵ı³ԼԼδ·
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֮⣬Ҳ֪Ű󣬳޵ĸֻᷢı仯
Ƕԣϸ۵ĽϰĵĺζǶŰҾ򽻵ѣֽͺϵѡ
ǰŰ۳Ϊ֮⣬ҪͶ½̸ŹǢ̸Ű˫⽫μ
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ȥŰۣ
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˵ʱһ㱨˵Ŀ˲䱻һŮӵӰ
һɫĳȹһɫñӣȣӯ˪
С㣬ллǰΪ常У
Źӭϣִ澣ĸ֣֮ʾл
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Ź֣ޱ³֣ȻٷϻճϹ㡣
һУֱ뿪ǰ׷
ԴˣŹŲûв
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лǰμ常񡣡Źſӭϣ֣ʾл
٣ŶӦϴ󣬽ڰЦŹ֣΢΢һЦ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬Źڣɫһ䣡
ī˶ԣЦϵЦǺܲ
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ܹӶԷ֮ܵŨŨӡ
ǰджûбֳģ
ҾͲȥˣһֱӲμ񡣡
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лл㣬ҵѡ
ŹſڸлǷΪЦӵһɨա
Ϊ˹ʱŵ˵仰ζʲô
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ʤչŹ֮쳹ȫ磡
׷⣬ֵ¸ڵдУһĻвӿֳһͷ
ΪǵļУǾĴ״γϯĵе
ΪҪǣʱŵͷҲȫľͷ
ΪʱŵδӰѡ֮һ˹ʱŵڴŹһŵ
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˷ޡ
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ͬҲһ̣ʮХųǹʻ
Ϊ׵ľȻЩִٲüͷ壬ȭսɿ
Ҫţڣһж⡣
ط翴ȻĽţסȻ֣죬ˣҲҪ㸸׵Ĺײǰڣ



186 һ඼
ŹŴſǽ׷ͬʱǹݵĹԱѽŰ۵ĹǻҰᵽ׷׷ĻС
һԣڱ׵ģ߾ױڱУǰ׷˻Ŷƻһܣһ̡
ΪŰǰ𻯣ֻʣ˹ǻңûٰڱס
ϷĴĻŰǰƬ
ЩƬŰ۸ʱĴգʱڶƴƬҲվڶ֮۵Ƭ
УŶԶΪ
һŵʱŰۿȥʮᣬ۵ķΡЬӣվڱ̲ĶоҰġ
һСﲻ˰ţͨŬܶı˵дա
һƬŰ۳Ϊ̸վڶУһ緢
ǽ׷ĿⶼᱻһƬǸдıƬ
ƬʹĻµĹǻҺУڹŰ۵һ
Ⱥ׷īǿ׻ˣ׷ǰȿŻתʱ֣ʾл⣬Ҳϰο
ԭĹأ߼վĵطŰϵֻȻȻ֪䲻ֻȡ
ΪŰӣ½̸Ź׷ǰ
Ҫվĵطһߵĳվ׷ߵһȻԿǵĵʾл൱׷ߡ
ŹźīȺߵԵλãҲ඼ȫˣ׷վˣȴ˽̸ʮֵİ
ʱϻءǻҺкĻϲ˸Ƭձñ
ءء
󣬾͵Ź׼ֿʼ׷ʱʮХʻǹݴԺ׷ʻ쳹ǹݵϿգ׷˶һ
ţ
Ȼ׷˶һ
һ̣ǵ϶ûоţеֻǾȡ
Щ߳峤ϰ̽жԣǶѹû
ЩжԣѹžɫǶСķӦǵݵλѰѹͲ
׷Уһ˿š
Źšǿ׻ˡ
£¹š
ΪйḡֳĽɽ¼Ļ¶գ
Ȼͷ;ŵı鶼ֻһǺָܿ򶨡
Ϊǿܣ
壬ȥЩ죬ҪӰ常񣬾常ꡣ
׷ǰŹŽĿͶīڣָʾ
ţ
ȻŹŵĻ˲ԼͬؽĿͶīλۼźڽ۹ʦķӦ
á
ŹŵָʾīûбֳκβǵһʱӦ
һ棬ҲϣŽ
һ棬Ȼ֪Ź½̸ĵλȨΪҲ֪Լܵڶ˵ֳÿ˾ðۼڲŽᡣ
Ҫ֪棬Ц߲ƣһǷְۼڲŽᣬۼŽҪӭ⽣Ӱ
£ī첽׷һȣȥ
ͬʱ׷⣬ϰŽϢĴ󺺣üźХľ
ȻҲϣ̸񱻾š
ǵעУʮȺͣ׷ſڣſڵĵ·µˮйͨ
Ϊ׵ľȴ򿪣طȻͬʱĳ³
˿̵ǣѾȥ֯ս˾ǰ׼õ·
СС㣿
׷⣬ϰۼŵĳԱȻϤ׺󣬾ǾĿɿڴ
Ϊۼŵֺǹ͵ǣ㲻ڽ۹ĺҲҪսϢȽͨ
յϢȻɱֽٳ뿪ųɾѾˣ
Ȼų֣ҸžһŰ׷ֳ
⡭ܲ𾪣
⡭ôܣ
Ȱۼ˶ԣей֮޲ֱԼ۾
ΪŹŵڣŹŵľĸŹźܶ鶼
ؼǵãǰʱŹž˵Ȼˣ˿֯ǻλ
ȻŻˣطһͬ֡
ΪҪǣ뾯һͬǰ
һýֺͷҲ뵽ѾȻطе֪ɽ¼ĻĿĲԶ

ȰĺͰۼԱлعī߳׷Ȼطˣͬԭء
һ̣ΪԼ˻þ˦˦ͷͼַʽԼø
Ȼ
īˣûڷҲԵĲ
ԭΪۼŵľʦһžԼǿ࣬²ŲǱ侲ѡ
һ̣ʧˣ
ڹȥһܹõĹϵȥѰȻ䣬;ߣٳûеõйȻϢ
ΪȻˡ
ͬʱŹŵַʶɽ¼ô򵥡
ĻȻʵ֤ݵǰ£ŹŸۣ
Ȼ
ŹѾ˳λһУѺѡ
Ȼˣеһ඼
ңǸһѪϴյҲȻˣ
һУܲī


187 طȻ
壡
īĺīһģȻͬЩ֮࣬Щᡣ
īһ׷Ű۴ɽԪϣ֤ȻĳͳɳŰֵƽչȻģϵҲõġ
ԭӺ֮ȻϵīһǴһīģطܾˡ
طΪڵʱ£ϵīһǵ顣
īŹһģϵīɵ¶֮īŰĹûŹǱΪ飬֪ɽ¼󣬶ѡΪŰ۱״ݾߣŹߡ
ò˵ط翼ǵúܵ
˿̣ط翴īǸģʱжϣīûбŰۡ
Ϊī¶Ƿݼαװģ
֣īһһȻ첽طȻ
Ȼ
īǰٴڣ֮ǰƽ࣬ô£
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Ȼ˵ɡط˵ţīһۣ˵
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ġ
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Ҿ֪ɽ¼ŹѲ˹ϵû뵽Ȼһֲ߻ģ
طīûֱϳŭɱ⣬Ҫ
ɽ¼ǣ㣬Ӱ޴Ѳֻǵĺڰɱ¼о챻ʽٳ֣ʼӡ
طܹܵīŭɱ⣬ѵ⣬Ҳˣôྯ죬ŹŻǽ촦ɡ
á
īԣŭͳʱɱεǻָһЩǵ˵ͷȻǸмؿط磬Էθ˵лл㡣û㣬Ҫ˵ŹǸۣȻ϶Ҳʹһɱˣ
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طҡҡͷȻȻ붫ؾӶӳܶӶӳһͬӺ̸ˣ˵ȥɡ
á
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ܹŹԳԭΡ۶ͬҲץжӰ쵽Ű۵
ܣʲôǷЯǹ֧
󣬵طī³֮ܶӶӳīʵ
Ϊ̾һֵڰۼŲİκī򽻵˴֮Ҳˡ
ӳȫȥˣ׷ỹûʼ
ī룬ЩȷҲȷǷǹ
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ǰμŰ׷ĶˣЩһץŹšǿ׻˵ĹгֲԱе
쵼㷸ǹҲûϵұ֤԰ȫ˳񣡡骼ӳüһŵ˵
Сҵǲֻǡ
ӳʲô⿴ط磬ʵطͬ־ԺҲҪȥ𣿡
š
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ǺãСʮ˽׷ʵʩץѶ׷Ӱ콵ͣӳԣٵģǵһʱ´
ΪȻʹ骱ٳֺ飬֪طںһֲ֮ӣȳ骺ȻĻ
ǣӣ֤񣡡˫Ų£̧ͷͦأ
طͬ־Сһӳֶط˵ʮֿ
õġ
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ۿطͷӳȻѡʮӢ̾骴ӽ׷
һԵؾӶӳ״û顣
ϼָʾ˴ܶӸؾܶϣ°ߣǶ̾ܶӵ۵㣬ӳȻϣ۵㡣
Ҳȥɡ
ۿ֯˶飬׼жطīȻ˵
˵ͷط
͵ط˺骵ʮһ׼׷ʱʮȫװؾֳֳǹǹ׼׷ſڵİۼųԱȻ󰤸
ã
һĻ׷ſڣξѣɫȻˣ
һ棬ϲǹ֧һ棬ʶŹҪˡ
һڵǹڣûһᶪǹæͳֻŹŷһţүطȻоҪ׷
ˡ
׷ǰŹţֻ𶯣æóֻһȻ˰ķĶݡ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬Źŵɫ䣬һֻˤڵϡ
ôܻţ
Źŵ˲䱻һɻռݣʶؽĿͶ׷ڡ
ô
һ̡
ŹŲŵĿУطȻȲ׷


188 Զ
ɽ֮ŹȻ֪֯ΪʲôٳûϴɱطƬţطȻ֯кɡ
Ȼ
ʱ˿̣طȻسˣ
⡭ⲻܣ
ŹĿɿڴؿطȻˣȫ޷ʵ
ԭѾɹǻλΪۼµƶߣõųԱӵҽӼ˸ĴƶߣǺصõԸʱŵĳŵ
һеһУʵԼԸﵽʮ۷壡
طȻĳ֣Ͼɱ֯ɱŰ۵ɶӰĻᱻع⡣
Ļһع⣬ʧȥոյõһУݡλȨǮ
ôܽܣ
һ̵ֻǱطȻһŴ߽˵
ৣ
ͬʱǿ׻˵ı˲䣡
ƹ£ǵɴ۾һؿطȻ߽׷ǿ˼һ㣬ϳŲ˼Ϳ־壡
ǲطȻţͬʱҲף˵ĳζʲôǺŹŵıҴȴǵĽجΣ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

ͬһʱ䣬Щǰμ׷Ŀ˽ŲԼͬػͷطȻˣ¶˲̶ͬȵľȡ
Ȼû̫ȥעطȻ˲ϢϢѾˡ
ֻų֣ܲǾȣ
ȵͬʱвֹ۲ǿĿˣزŹšǿ׻˵ı仯Լµʲô
Ⱥ֮УͮɫΪѿǸоȳԷʱһֻӬҪܡ
һֱŹš
Ź֪طȻѾȥϢ˿ûлɡ
ȻʶոտܾҪˣ
˵עУīҲٴβ׷һ⡢ɱؿŹšǿ׻ˡ
骴ʮȫװ̾Ӣī󣬽׷׼ǰץˡ
֣
骴ǰץˣȻͻȻˣһһ˵سŰ۵Ĺǻҡ
ط״ĬظȻ
ʱҪж
骴ͬһһߵ˵
ںϺȻദ֪Ȼı
ȻԴӽ붫Ժ󣬱Ű⵹ŰۣԣͬȻ
ͨ
Ŀ֮£Ȼ첽嵽ǰڵأ˵ڹǻҺǰʧʹ֡֡
Ȼ˺ѷεĿ޺Ȼʹ޵ģٿ˶ܹظܵȻıˡ
ֱˣ֮ǰŹϲδܵ
ŹţҰֶɽǽ㵱׶һԴȴϾɱɱı𣿡
ţţȻȻ̧ͷŭĿŹţȵ

Ź΢΢ſȴû˵һ֡
µķչѾȫԤϺƿء֤ǰ⣡

ȻĻ£ԭֳʱ궯
Ϊ˹ʱŵ֮⣬˲֪ɽ¼ĻֻЩŹŲ뵽С
߱λţ
ûŰۣŹʲô⣿
Ű۴Źһ㣬Źôµ֣

һʱ䣬۷׷ףŹŵоܲܡ
Ȼᡭ
Щ˵ۣŹȻѣͼֻſڴƻƵ
Ȼ
Ļ˵ڣȻһŭشϣ᣿㵱ҵɱҰ֣Ȼɱֽҽٳ֣˵᣿
Źţûд磬н죿ı𣿡
īҲ̲סŭһ̣޲̳ȥŹ˺ƬΪŰ۱

ŹƿԣԶԡ
ǿ׻ĶȻŹſɱ磡ƽʱ𣿡ۿŹŲ˵īŭĿ׻ǿˡ
ġīҡ
ⲻǵ£Źһ˸ɵģţȻŹſǹ
׻ǿ̿ڣ׻ǼӣһʱνͣǿҪһЩ
û֧֣ŹŸ飿
īǳ⣬ûǿ׻֧֣ŹżɵŰۺȻҲλɶռôƱ
ҡ
ǿ΢ţʲôīҪɱ˵Ŀ⣬ԼطǿƽʵΣϢıʱֻԺһƬհףӲһҲû˵ڡ
Źţǿ׻Ͼֲ֯ɽֲϮɶͼΪӵӰ죬ϼ׼Ǳˣ
һΣī˵ʲôǰһó֤
٣ԵƬ̡
骵´ʮ̾ӢʼжطȻˡ
ţ
ȻطĻһûطҪʲôǴһơ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

ͬʱһĿȺͶط硣
һ̣طΪȫΨһĽ㣡
Ҫʲô
˶аԼ



189 ؿͷ
ȻطȻͬһʱֵģû̫˵ע⡣
Ϊںܶ˶ԣסֻŹż˺˹ʱŵ֪طѪϴյľ׳١
һ̣ط翪ڣ骶˵ֹʮ̾ӢжΪȫĽ㣬˶֪ʲô
ž
ž
ž
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģطֱŹȥ
ৣ
һĻŹŵɫٴο䣬ϳſ־ı飡
û
ǿ־壡
Ϊط糯ԼԺ˲両ֳطѪϴյһΣЩȥӣ·ŵӰһ㣬ϵԺи֡
ߵ״ϣѪ
ط֣һпķʽ
׷ǰǿ׻ްѪɫӶܿƵض
طѪϴյ죬Ȼûǰºǰ˵ʱҵĳ֪طһɱϣֶκˡ
ҲΪһ㣬ط罫ǿĶӴ­ѪǿǵûҷŸƨ෴רŵŵǸϴ
׻ŹſɱŰۡȻط˵¶ڣط֮Ҫǣܲ־壿
㡭Ҫʲô
Źָط磬ͼԼŬ޷򶨣ֵıȫӣЩ
ž
ž
ž
ûлشطֻĬĬŹţÿһľ뼸һ£ǳȵĽŲϵ׷
ĺŹŽŵס˺
٣յϢ󣬵ԸǾĵ飬ֹ
ŹŵӾҵزһؿ骣ϣֹܹط֡
骳Ĭǡ
Ȼ֪ط϶ҪѵŹţٻΥж涨ֹҲ޷ֹ
ΪҪ˵ʮ̾ӢʮֱӢҲ޷ֹطʲô
ķɣ̹
֮⣬֪Ŀֹط磬պطѶˡ
ط˵ҪŹŽ֣Ҳзִ硣
һ£ôȥֹط磿
٣ҳϣϵ˾ɱ֯
ۿ骳Ĭط缴ߵǰŹŵҲҲһ˿Ѫɫϧжֹط硣
Ϊˡ
ˣ
طȻ֣ȻҲ£ֻǵĴȥԼ̳¡
һ̵𾪣طȻΪʲôš
ʱ˿̣طҪֺˣ
Ϊ֪طҪʲôδ֪Ŀ־壬˿־壡
ɳĬ
Ǹ˭
ΪʲôôĻ
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ͬʱ׷İٴαƣǰ׷Ŀٴϵ𾪱֮ǰԣй֮޲
ΪǷ֣Źطʱ򣬾Сŵÿˣ
ýˣ죬ǰӺҲûã
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģطڿˣ󣬵ȴ۷׷ͣ
׷ٴ˰ΨĽŲ
ǳȵĽŲеɻŨˣ𾪵ؿط磬оǱèצӰӵģĲС
ʲôˣΪθ֮񣿡
һ̣ȫɻռݡ
ǿŹȻֻǶ½̸ܽų˲ࡣ
֮⣬׷ۼĵĴкϰ̽Уоڣ
һ£ط粻һ仰þֹͣץжֱ˵죬ӺˣҲûáûߵĻܲǸ棿
ءط磬㵽ʲô
ڿǺͬʱŹʶؽĿͶط磬ǿƵģֵš
һ̵ҲûаΪ½̸Ĳһеֻǿ־塣
־֮£Ӳسš
һ
Ź˵׷ǽǡ
·ˣ
طȴŲͣ
Ҫ
Źžֵش
һ̵طԶһ㣬Զһ㣡
ৣ
ӦŹŵһƿ
طŹǰͣ½ŲֶȻһӣָצ״̽ȡһ㣬˲סŹŵĲ
Źŵ˲佩Ӳ
ͬʱط綯ͣ͵һᣬһ½Ź
ŹŻëըʶ뷴طޱ뵽һ£ֻûƵģá

һĻǰ׷ŰЩϵ𾪸ŨͬʱҲ֪طʲô
˵ע£طһֻСһŹţ̨ף򻨳ء
ž
ž
ž

ȵĽŲٴ
ŸнĽŲĿطӰƶ
ܿ죬طŹߵ˻ǰŰ۵Ĺǻҡ
Źţ
Ȼ״ͻȻ͵˫ȭգŹš
һȭȭȭ
ȭͷͬһŹŵϣȻ޷Ź˺ΪȻȭС۲ѡ
ʼգûҵֵûҶȻй
ΪСطУ
ӺȻˣֹͣ˻ȭٴſŰ۵ĹǻҺǰʹޡ
ط״֪Ȼйˣһ㽫ŹŶ˵ϡ
ͨ
Ź˫ϥҵأϥǴһʹʶŲ
Ȼ
ŲϥǣطŲСϣ¹ơ
飡
һ̣촫
Ŀ֮£ط̧ҽţһ̤ŹŵԴϣŹŵĶͷ͵һܽӴ
һţطؿֻŹһ¹ͷĶ
ȫһţŹŵԴ˲ը
ˣŹŵǱ̶Ƶģڵϣӣͷأ˿á
Ȼƽ¡
طŲŹţŰ۵Ĺǻңڣȴ쳹׷Ź𱨵ܵɵƲã㰲Ϣɣ
ʱֹͣ涨
һĻӡȫÿһ˵Ժ


190 ֹ
׷Уط̤ŹţŹŹŰ۵ĹǻǰŰ۰Ϣ
ĻǴĳħһ㣬ϵػص˵Ķϡ
ϣŹŵŵ棬Ťг˾֮⣬вʺ衣
ڲǰǶ½̸׼Ű۵׷ᣬ˿ȴǹ͹һڵأַʽ
ֽȻķ
һ̣뷴޲̽طңҲֻˡѹã
ŹߣȻֹͣ˿̧ͷŽµŹţ̲ס̧ͷط磬ĿгŸм
֪طôȫΪ
ءط磬ſŹţ
ʱ׷һŭһµͮȺ߳ŭĿط硣
Źš
ΪǷݰõŮ˽ԵõһʣȻŰۣŹм顣
ΪǷݰ֮ǰŹվǰŰ۵׷ʱзǵûκھΣΪŹŵĳɹеġ
ΪǷݰŹűطڽ£Űʱ絶̲סվ˳
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

ɲǼ䣬˵ĿطŲͶֻͮصطϡ
Ȼ˶֪طô
Ȼ⣬ùȥطûȥͮǵͷȻʵ
㡭ƾʲôֹ
ԭͮطǿƵľٶŭ˿طĻǱȵβ͵èƵģʱըëˡ
ûʸҲȻȻ˵
һֱϲͮ޷ͮŰһ
֪Źźͮм֮ǰͮԭλãԲϲûмŰۺͮһ
ΪͮǺ׵֣֮ͮǣ
ԼȥҰ㣿
طڽĿͶͮӹɡ
㡭ʲô
ͮû£ָط磬ŭ
֪η
Ȼ֪طʲô̶ȣȫûôʲô
ಣ
Ӧͮһƿ
ԱߣطŲţһţһ֧ҵļһ㣬ͮٶȼ죬˲ͮǰ
㡭Ҫʲô
ͻһĻͮһʶغһ
ʲô
һ̡

Ŀ֮£طֶȻһӣһץסͮĲӣ˳Ȼһ˦Ƕһ㽫ͮ˦˳ȥ

ͮղʹûӦӱڿնȥǱɵİһ⣬ŵвֹ
ͨ
йͮ׷⡣
ƹ£ͬһֻϺһһ𣬻沿ƣѪ졣

һĻǰμ׷Ŀٴһ
ȻǶû뵽ط֣ͮ
ϾͮһŮˣŰǰŮˣ
ط絽˭
ͬʱ˹ʱŵ֮⣬ЩǰĿˣжطݸӵĺ棬ͬʱҲµͮ뱳ŰۣŹŰйһ
ءط磡
·Ϊӡ֤ǵĲ²һ㣬ŹŻͷͮ³ֻΪ˵ĽϱһŶ飬еĿ־ȫŭȡ͵վط
ҹˣ
طͺһ
䣬֡
һ̡
ٴγŹǰֻƣ˳һġ
ž
һ죬Źűطһĵڵأ˫ϥٴιŰ۵Ĺǻǰ
̫ǿˣ
طľٶЩǰ׷Ŀжӿֳͷ

ͬʱһߣĿһеǿ׻ˣŵûҶطöԸŹŵķʽԴǡ
ԼҰǣ
νʲôʲô͵ǿ׻пֻŵͬʱط罫ĿͶǣͳؿڣѡ
⣡
ûлشǿ׻˵ͷһǸо౻һֻС
˶һۣڶԷп˾벻ǲԼ߹ȥطԼֵĻ³ܻͮҪң
֮УǱĳħʹһ㣬ԼͬŲ˻ء
һ
˵עУǿ׻߹ŹһٶȺֻܿš
Ӻǲľսߵ˻ǰ
飡
飡
һ̣ط翪ڣǿ׻˱ڵأſڵϣͷŵ棬һҲҶ
ǿַʽʵֻǵط統ڶǳ֡
ͮǰ֮
Ȼɡ
ۿǿ׻¹ط粻ٳ֣ǰӣȻļ
š
Ȼ˲ϵˮȻ󻺻ط粢վ
īûѡԸط磬Ⱳȷľ
һĻīŰ˵һ仰
磬԰Ϣˣ
ţţī̲ס˷˫ۣط֮ѣ˰֮ң


191 
׷Źšǿ׻˹Ű۵Ĺǻǰڣͮط綪⡣
Ȼ
һ̵ǣȫĽ㣬Ŀⶼۼطϡ
٣лл
ط翴׷ſڵ骣ʾл
ж
пЦȻһӣ´
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ

һ£ʮ̾Ӣٴжǹһʱ˹Ű۹ǻҺǰŹšǿ׻ˡ
֮䣬ʮ̾Ӣ嵽˳ǹ׼ˣͳ׼
ৣ
ԭصŹţȻ˳һ̾ǹץС
ţ
̾ҪŹͻȻϵǹᣬһ
ȻûŹŻᷴ
һ棬ŹŸղط£ѹҶһ棬ĿǰƣŹŷûκ塣
̾˲䣬Ź˲סĲȻǹ̫Ѩͬʱڵ

ǹ
ͬʱǹ׼̾Źŵľٶ׷׽ǹ׼Źţ
˺ȫ˺󣡷һǹ
̾ĿţŹŷǵûп־壬һ˻в̾˺
̾Ϊ

ͬʱȺһ궯Щϰ̽ǶЩŵسȥ꼰ء
ȶԣЩĵĴҪöࡣ
ÿһ˶ǴǹֵйģڵѪɱˣɱǰһĻǶԼֱСơ
ûЩ̽һ𾪻źˣǵվԹ̬Ľһչ
˺˵һ飡
ۿ̾޶ԣŹŵЩָ˰ϣ·ʱҪǹ
ৣ
һĻ̾ɫһ䡣
ǶóŹŴ˿̵Щʧأпڳ嶯֮¿ǹ
˺󣡡
ʱ骿첽˹̾˺ͬʱ⿴ط磬û˿ĵġ
ĿùɵͻȻıʣܵ
ǿĪ˷ӶȻڣط磬ҪƵɱοŹţ
С̫ˣ
ǰôǸصĺ֣
ͬʱ׷ļ̾ܶӽӳؾܶӳȺ󿪿ڣʮֵǡ
Ȼ֪طɱӶȳȻ骵飬֪ϸľ
֮⣬Ϊûиطʵݡ
һ£ΪڵЩʧˣ̾Σգ
ԭΪ骱ʽٳֶͨжϴˢ۵㣬ٳ־ԱΣǷǵ޷ϴˢ۵㣬ѩϼ˪
Ҹѡ񣡡
ڽӳؾܶӶӳĵͬʱŹſˣԹضط磬ɱڵҪôǿǹɵҪôҿǹɵ죡
ƣ
ŹɱڵĻڳвԼͬӿֳĸ֡
ǿոյ̳Źţطһ̳裬棬ʧȥݡλ˵ϣһҪܷɵƲã
˵طʧȥеһУ
ʱǹܾ죬вɵط磬Ҫطᣡ
ûлش骽ĿͶط磬ڵȴط֡
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

ͬʱһĿȺͶط硣
˶ڿطķӦ
Ųţҿ㿪ǹ֮ǰɱʮΣ
һ̣˵ע£ط翪ˣƽ赭д˵һ΢С¡

ط翴ƽʵ񵽼Ļ
ЩУ̽У׷һ
Ȼ֮ǰѾط֣ǿط粻Źſǹ֮ǰɱŹʮΣ
ǿطŻŹţս
ǣڳʮ̾Ҳţ
ΪǿؾҲ޷ط˵
Ⱥе棬΢΢ۡ
ΪߵطѾ̤밵Ҫ˵˵ֹܷŹſǹǸ⡣
Ψ骺Ȼһ

ŹЦˣЦЦһ㣬شЦص飬ҵҪôҿǹ֮ǰɱʮΡ
ಣ
ӦŹŵһƿ
طһΣͿֲı˲ŷ
ɽ籼ף
һ̵ط磬ٴνٶȷӵ£һͬһ㣬˲Źŵǰ

Źͫ׶ȻŴ֮г𾪣Ǹо·𲻸Լ۾
ž
һ죬طȻסŹŵһ
꣡
ĶϹŹŵ˲ѣǹطС
ֶǹ
գ۵˲䣬طٳ嵽Źŵǰֶǹ

ͬӰĳ׷Щȫɵˡѹûпطôģ
ǣЩҲͫ׶Ȼ
켣ǣȻǸ֣߲ȱ֣ƽĶۣǵºͱڣ˿ط
ߣ
Ϊֵ棬ͫҲǶȻŴ
֮ǰطֵʱжطܽ۷壬طȫ֣߸жϣ𶯲ѡ
ôģ
ͬʱ˱֮ܵ̾⣬̾Ҳ𾪲ѣǴؿط磬ŬղŵĳԺһƬհס
ҲûпطĶֹ̣
⡭ôܣ
ǰط磬ǹطУŹų׽ԭأ
ľʹһжǻþ
þô
ৣ
طٴγˡ
ȻһƳŹš
ž
ŹűطһƳУͬɵİһ㣬ڿշɳ
еݣѪģȾѪϵش£ڵϣĿġ
飡
Źڷɳʮ׺󣬵ڵأȫһ𣬳鴤ֹһ
ƹ£İѪģҰף֮ûаֲʺͳޣûвǰ緢еֻǻںޣ
ΪԼط˶еںޣ
ʱһô
Ȼ
û
һ
ѡ赶Ҫɱطһ𣬾עҪ
лл㡣
ܵ̾˿طл
ߣ
´
ಡ
ٴ骵Ǿ̾ʵ׷ǰŹšǿ׻ߡ
УŹһãȻҲҲ˵Ϣ
ǿ׻һҰף亹£ȫ͸ǵ···ǧһ㣬޷Ųֻܱ̾ߡ

̾ܶӶӳӳؾܶӳͨػ濴һĻ׷˿
ʲôͷ
ͬʱ׷Щ̽УЩУ׷׿ط磬ٴӿɻ
ûд𰸡
Ƕ֪չط֮쳹ȫ磡


192 һƽ
Źšǿ׻˱ˡ
֮⣬ͮͰˡ
ǰȻûֱӲɽ¼ҪѶڹΪŹŶ֤ݡ
߳ҪܾѶ֮⣬ΪЯǹ֧
ĿŹűߣ˹ʱŵɫѿ
Ϊ˸ŰۡСΪ˸Ź칦Ȼʱŵۼŵĺ
ŹűˣעҪ״ļƻͰţӰ쵽պѡʱŵ峤֮λ
ط˵⣬ǵʱŵҪͰۼźûֱ볡ûбֳ⡣
ͬʱЩ̽кͽҲûȥ
ȻķչԶԶǵԤƣǶԣŹŵ½̸ҲãȻ̳Ű۵һҲգ𲢲̫󣬸̸ĻҪ̸úĻҪҪǣ׷ỹҪμӡ
Ȼȶ׷ỹְɡ骴žȥط羶ֱߵīǰ˵
ְɣ
ī˵ط֣Ű۵Ĵ𲻵޷µĽɽŹС
ͰۼŶԣطǶˣ
οطղһϵеı֣סڳÿһˣȫ׷ᡣ
ҵݲʡ
طҡҡͷ֪ī˼ֻȻıڣʺŰ۵׷ᡣ
οҲۼŵ顣
ԣһУ˸Źš֮⣬̶ܴΪȻ
ԭɥĸȻӰŰ۵ֶȻ޷ĴǲȻйĻпⱲӶ޷߳ӰˣΪһˡ
Ը⿴ģ
á
īԣһط֮ϧͬʱ˵ͷ첽׷ǰ
طǽȻ׷ǰȻᲢս

һʱطк𾴣ĿгŸм
ΪŰ۵ĽӣΪŰ۵еʹζŰ۱𣬵ֻһ
طʵԸܲм
ط΢΢ףǻӦ
Ȼǿ㡣
ط罫Ű۵ݸȻȻٴ̲סᣬȻļȻȺ
ţ
һĻٴһ
ԭͨղһΪطڰۼŵλԺգ㲻׷ᣬҲƱػվ׷ǰڵأ
û˲Ŀ⣬ط羶ֱߵȺһţվȴ׷Ὺʼ
ǸλôҼЦˡ
׷ǰīһһڣԸղһԼۼŵһ仰赭дشȻתȣҴ磬ۼţлڰæ֮УǰμӴ񡣡
£īվֱӣȻǰμ׷Ŀ˾Ϲ
һߣȻҲͬʱϹ
һ
ϹīٴοڣͳؿʼŰ۵һ
īĻŴĻһƬطڣлٶЩ
˵طϴ˵顣
ҽԺĹغͽá
ҽԺЩΣĲˣܵߵͷǰʹࡢʱŻȻ򡪡ǸıǮ
ĹأһĹͷضʱǰޣֻһйǻңһĨ
ǹŴЩ࣬Ҳʷȼʰˣ
ͨ˶ԣŰ۵һǻԻ͵һ
ݣλȨǮ
õͨõһУ
ͬŰ۵һҲǴһ
ӵײһվ˶ۣ֮˵޷Ƶ񻰣
Ȼ
һԼУŮ˻ӹҡ
Сվڶۣ֮ԱĻ
ǶŰһõܽᡣ
ֻΣҲŰ𣿡
īͳŰ۵һ׷в˶̲סԼ
Ȼ
λʹһ̣
īٴοڣϹ
īĻ£ȺԶֿųγӣȻʼŻתһܣŰһ̣ͬʱȻȥο
ÿһΰοȻ棬Ȼȫ޳ˡ
ط״ûиȺƻתǾֱߵȻԣȻֹȻιȥ
˹ʱŵһ
ԭô־Լⲻ̫ãè
֪㵽ʲôˣ
˹ʱŵȻǰûȥοȻֱؿطʵ
õģ׼ܹö
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

˹ʱŵĻ˲ԼͬؽĿͶط硣
ʲô˲ҪҪʲôطӭ˹ʱŵƱ˵Ŀ⣬ʵ
ʧȥһλܵѣһӰ쵽ʱŵͰۼŵĺ
˹ʱŵ˵֪ûҲΪʱŵĵˣ
ҿ԰Ļвô
ط΢΢۾Եøǿƣ֪û˵п޷뿪ģ

˹ʱŵһû뵽ط羹Ȼҵв
ƾʲôŸðűʱŵ׷ɱķգв˹ʱŵ
ͬʱЩǰ׷ĿͬһĿɿڴ
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204 
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ԣһûҶʣæ˳ȥ˰칫ҵš
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Фһû˵ʲôĬĬɳϡ
㵽ʲôˣ
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ܼ˵īŮֵĻ
ܵĸĸũһܵܣй룬ŵܲá
ŮʶԼĻ㱨ЩˣûȻ㱨ص㣬ͷһ侲ش
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īԣͫ׶ȻŴüĿ֮һ˿ȡ
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ԣɫһ䣬
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īһһһطһѪϴյ磬ҽյĻȨ͸Ҵ磡
ڶɽ¼Ҳ˵Ծɱ֯ٳҴŮȻط罫Ȼġ
ϣ̫үЦףҪȢҴŮȻطһ⣡

ӦīŨصĺ
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207 ǲ
ܱŵˡ
ıŵˣ
ͬī˵˵ط硣
ܵǹ룬ĶңøһЩûϵûнط˽Ҳڱ档
磬˵طŰºݻ飬ΪطʵǺЦһΪطԿ
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ɽ¼ֻ˵ˣѹûȥǽСϢΪ桪ľ˾ɱ֣ȳȻ骣
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ܣ˵Щκοŵĳɷ֣Ҳʩѹ
Ũصĺī·ܹµܴ˿̵һ㣬ٴοڣϣ֮ǰ˵ֻϧܵܵꡣţҲ㣬Ҵܻܵϴһ̸˫һ£ƽַҸ˵ĽǶȶԣһҲԸ⿴ط㷢ͻȻӰ쵽ۼźͺŵĹϵ˫ߵ桪Ƕ˫ûкô
ܣллѡ
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顭顭
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208 ȱ
һ̣ްΪѧУɶ˵ĲһеֻǿֻźͲ
ѧ֮ԸҺаԵɷѧУĹɶ֮⣬Ϊɷڶ̽綼ϵ̨棬ΪСӹĶң
طһ绰ųӸطǲˣط롣
һ£ֻܲô
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Ϊ֮ǰѵĻĶϻص
Ϊطݷͬһ㣬طǸ绰½һ
ط类ѧУӣ
㲻ᱻҲᱳ֣


209 Ļ̸
ط粻һˣ֮ûٸϻֱ뿪
״æ͡
ФҲվطһͬ뿪
ʲô⣬ʱҴ绰վڰ칫ſڣ˵š
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ҪԼɣҺôҲѧУĴɶѧУΪҶҲš
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210 ǣһȫ
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211 ˷
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212 㾴һߣҾһɣ
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ĽǵĻЦаЦҪúÿһ£ҪҪСѵԼ
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ĽŵѪɫֱӹĴϣǿһһؿЦ٣ҪŹҺô
٣Թ飬Ϸ壡ҿϷӻӣ
ЦӸµؿĽǹ壬ûеֻûǸϷȤ˯ڶ·ɣ
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ЦĻĽû˿ŭ෴һĸж£Ͳͷлˡ
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Ц˵ţȻȼһ֧ڵĹŰѩѣʼ
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ӺĽǱ㴩·ûϴûлױͷһ뿪˱
Ľ뿪Цѩѣ𴲳˸ˮ裬·˱Ĳ
Ĳϣ˸ʽͣ෱࣬Ӫḻ
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Ϊˣ֮УЦչ˹
Ϊ磬չʵҪȵܵչǿֻ̤˰ҾɱιıڣĽƴ֮һ
ôˣ
Цڲǰһͣһʵ
٣һ˳ĿǰѾˣұͷչػ㱨
٣īյݴʱ֪ǷΪԲеΪڣ
չĻ㱨ЦеʳЦǸص飬㣬ϴķͷˣƱؽι


221 ˳𲻹죡
С˵ͱ䡣
յĶգյĶ࣬һƬҲ֮½ǵһθоѾԶȥ켴١
ϱǲͬġ
䣬ڸ䣬¶ٵֻͣҪ·ͲеˣϷʪ䣬㴩ٶ·е䣬·Ҫ굽˵Ĺúܶ౱˲Ӧ
֪Ϊ̫̫ͣѧѧԺ̹רҵһÿεЧܲ
̨ϣϽڽ߾ܵش֪ʶһϵѧûȤ˻˯˽ֲڿ㶵﷢ֻ
֮в¾ȻŮú棬ʱʱʼǡ
һԵط磬Ȼûô棬Ҳûз
˴ѧʸкط粻ʲôζϣֻܺ;רҵΡ
ΪſζԼãλûʲô塣
ţ
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֣طЩɻȴ֪Щѧڿʲô
塪
ʮӺ󣬵ϽһƵ½̨뿪˽ҡ
ѧǷ׷״λվȺؾۼһ죬һЩ֮ǰڿֻѧһ߿ֻĻһ߿Ȼʲô
ѵȻˣ
طûпȥЩѧĽ̸ֹ䣬ԼȻͷ֮Ļ
Ȼ΢ͷˣҪҪȥ
ʱһȻϵŮ˹ɫŹֵضȻ
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ŮĻŮͬĿ⣬һΧֻѧĿͶߣطӿֳ˲õԤС
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ͬʱȻȴȻ֪óֻ΢
ৣ
һ̣Ȼɫ䣡
ǿ˼һ㣬ɴ۾ضֻĻһҲ
ţ
ط״ЩشչȥȻ΢ѵı⣺ֱŮȻĸĹҹڣ

ݣطų޷ľӵһžԼǿ࣬ҲǾòᡣ

͵طлعʱȻӺݺһֻл䡣
ৣ
طۼֿ죬һѽסֻȻؿȻɫҰֽȦ֪ʱѾˣˮŲҰ׵䣬ҲǲܿƵس鴤š
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ȻᣬľȻվڰͬѧע£ط뿪˽ҡ
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˽ңȻӶˣȴǿŲԼ޳ס͡
ΪˣطȻȵѧĿȻסȻļ򣬳ȵľͷȥ
ءҵܡ
ȾͷȻҲ޷ѹԼһ˽طĻУʧʹ
ԭΪŹɱŰ۵飬ܴ׹Ԩط硢ͳ¾Ȱ£߳Ӱ
ղţǸ۵ı⣬ͷ·һѷذͱ࣬ǿ˺۵ģͱ֧飡
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һµˣطüͷһһ
ÿȦӺ򣬶
Ҳ⡣
Ȼ
ѪȷĽ˷ĹҲһ顪̫ˣ
ٿǸš
֮ȻȶһЩ˲ϵˮ˵
á
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Ȼӹֻ룬Ļֳ΢Ļ棬ͷıĿ
طע£Ȼŵ㿪ű⣬ȿһƬ
ƬŰ۵ĹأĹصĸӱˣĹǻҺвɣȡ֮ǡһʺ
棬ȻӾһһڣ˹ȥ
طһѷסȻƬĿķ㣬Ҳüͷ塣

ȻطĲ£ûе˼Ȼ˵ڶƬ
ڶƬȻĸ׵Ĺء
ͬŰ۵ĹһȻĸ׵ķĹҲˣǻͬȡˣԭùǻҺеĵطһȤƷ
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ȤƷȻҶ£ڷˡ
ĸһۣСĿȾֹĶǺͱֶΣһУˢԵ֪
޷һҪа񵽺̶ֳȣŻ飡
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طҲŭ졣
ȻĸһǰصضŰ۽ںϷӵԷĹȡ߹ǻҺУصһȤƷ
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ˡ
طŭʱڴֻóһī硣
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绰ͨīȿڣȻؿĵȻ޷ŭɱ⡣
Ƭһ˲䣬ҪԷѪƴ׵ĳ嶯
գѹ˳嶯
տ֪ʲôôطʡ
飬׼ȷ˵Цָʹġīҧгݵ˵
Ц
طＷĸ֡
Դ뿪Ӫ󣬴δɱһˡ
ѪϴպǰµӪȻ骵ʱɱⶼûд˿ôŨң
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ãʱ𣿡绰ͨʵΪ𾴡
²УС𣿡ط練ʡ
īĵҲطĵģȻ޷һĴͷԾȰȻ
ԭҼƻȥݷȻ£Ǿɡ
С㣬Ҷѣʲô˵ûҪܹط
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Ҳսһ˰нҳսϢȥطˡ
ǣ
治ԡ
Ű۷򸾵ķرˣǻҺб˵ߣĹﻹ˷ȤƷ
طƬɱ⳹׷ڣ˳𲻹죬ҪǿߵԴŰ۷򸾱ŵ꣡


222 ɽХ
Ű۷򸾷ĹڳΪͷĵ磬ľϾͻȻȫΧڿչһΪ硱ɨڳ񡢴ֲж
ͬжһⳡж＾չͬɨҶ㣬ж쳣Ѹ١
磬֪ĵƦå׷ױߣȴǵĽ졣
ʵϣǺ֮ǰ˾ߣ˺
һѵķʽȦǣǵΣԱʱһٴ
һ˹ɼֻץһЩС졢СåҲû
һΡ硱жĹҪߵö࣬״Ͼ˵ҶԺڽҲˣÿһڽŶйǸɳԱߡ
֮⣬ڸصľعʹпֲͷΣշӣҲ׷ױߡ
һУĵ˲С𶯣
ڽţٴξˣʱʵ
׷ٿ飬ֹ֯Աʱ뻪ģžڻĿչʽĻ
֮⣬ӦҲѸ٣ǵһʱҪٻڻĸصعǳˣЩعͱˣֻûкʵץε
ⳡ硱жԣϢڻĵ𶯸ɽХݣ
Цɥ˾Ű۷򸾵ķأ߹ǻң·
ۼˣжսۼζ³Ȼط磬ȷϳս
Ϣ֪Ӻ֮ǲ˳һ㣬Ѹٴĵ磬˾⣬顣
ˣ
ҪǣۼźͺűȡůͬӭУ
ƣұкṩۼźͺżҲ۵Ǻϰֽ׸ı䣡
۵һߵǴֵ̫֮ͬʱҲΪζսʤ

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š֮͡Ƶļֵ¸գԼľʦﺰ˱
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ʹһΪʤˣռݳǺ󣬽Ὣ쵽ϣǡֵ¸ռתӵٶȣüͷ΢΢
š
ͷۼźͺҲطֵǿ󣬷飬ѧĺԣλӣͲطսʤģ
ǰҲ֪ôģȻһս
ֵ¸̲ס̾ΪŰǰ꣬Ϊ棬ϣӮô˴ζս˵ۼҲãҲգ޷ҳӵˡ
үƱˣǱѡ񡣡һǵ
Ϊ²ֱǣ棬ֵ¸մϢڲûȥ˼´ڵè壬ﲻһ
ΪʦҪΪֵ¸պڽ۹ıߣҪʱ̹עƶ̬ռϢԱÿһ鶼׼ȷ
ϢȥʵȷϢϸ˼еĹؼ
˵
ֵ¸һԼ׽ʲô
濪չжʷǰʱǹͷ񡣡
ɫүһ£ʱ˹ۼźͺţʲô
ۼźͺŻΪǹĳͷ񡣡ֵ¸һ͸
ǵģΪǱսĴӪڳǣֻԳǱص֡ͷ
ϧһۣȴû뵽Լɱ˵ԼŵķҲ˾ˣ·£ҪƴʮµĽɽֵ¸̲ס̾Щ
ǰݹ۽ûĸе³ҵˣҲǸ̾ŰϵԱĻ
ӣ˵Ǹô죿
̾󣬼ֵ¸մŰ뵽ԼռݳǣʦϣָӦԣ
ү˼⣬ʱûӦ֮ߡ
ıЩأǹˣҲ̫ˡ
ڴۼźͺܹ漣ֵ¸ԣЦ˵
һΣѡ˳Ĭ
Լش󣬼ϵĵӺءء
Ϊ漣ܷ


223 һʯǧˣ
ϸ۵شйϵ齭ԶϺذϹ㣬齭ϰĸ
ϸȫģҪĹʽڡó׺ͺģŦԼ׶زΪŦ׸ۡȫɾ߾֮һмС֮顱ʳá͡á
ϸ۵ľ÷ڶ࣬ĸһٱ䣬иɧ꣬Цֻһˡ

ս塣
ʮĽ壬Ӱʮĩϸ۵ո¶ͷǣһλһλϸ۵ĽУڣΪϸ۵ģϸ۵ʵĽ̸
ǳˮλϸ۵̫ƽɽ棬ɽΣųơµһ塱ҲСġ֮ϸߴԵĺ塣
ǳˮ帻ϸ֪ĸȸɽׯձ干ͬΪ˴
Ϊϸ۵Ľ̸ıλǳˮ壬λõһֵڣྩĺԺһмУݵλ
鷿ǰˡ
Ķӣһľʦ
ҽټǹΪǵ顣
̫ʦϣżɽ˵ʤѾ޵ĸֻᱻı䣬ͬҲӰ쵽ǡ
֣ϸ۲ͬ½鼴³ǣҲҽϸ۰ɣ
һ˿ڵǽСӽɣСѧϸ֪ӵܣǱϸŮһϳš
Ұ㺰̸һľ
üͷһȴýľĸоæͼнٿ
ȶԣĴӽҪȵö࣬Ȼ˸׽˼ûмڷǾŽĻ
Ȼ޷ϸۣ޵ĸһ仯ǵɺܴӰ죬ۼĺ
ӵı֣ȻٴοڵǱݾƵı仯ƶӦĶԲߣǵʧͣθֱ䶯ǵ⡣
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Ļ˵ԼʤǱȻ޸ָıҲǱȻô仹δ֪磬ȥ˽ͶƷڽ֮⣬ϷҪǷز;ƵҵȣδȾָҵһǼռݳޣҲδػҵۼżˣҲȫԽºϷĲҵ˦ֳֽ𡣡
š
ͷϿĻⷬ
ۼźͺĶսȻԵ̺ΪעҪָɫ⣬ĸֳȡ
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ΪһˣһҲûȥϷ⣬ʧܷȫԱ֣
Ҫ¡һδѡ뵽ı䶯ȫ뵽ԵóӦԷڶԲӦ䡣ʱ̹עⳡս͸ֵĸı䣬ƶյӦ֮ߡ
İ壬˻顣
սĵص㶨ϰģҪĲҵκѾۼŵĺתˡ
աɺĻ뿪֮󣬽ߵ޴شǰңϰĵķ˼

ϰġ
֪Ĵĳ֮һҲǻ˾GDPߵĳУͬȫԣĳ֮һ
ϰĵGDPҪԴṤҵҵͲҵ
Уҵռ˴ͷ
κϰĵĲҵϰĵĵλ֪
ζ
ǶõڹͣҲڻȫһƬ
ͬϵļֵ¸աϸ۵Ľһκڵ֪ۼźͺжս֮Ҳٿһ顣
ͼֵ¸պͽ˲ͬǣһרеĺκѵ˿ʮĸ䣬·Ȼ䣬ֻ飬ûѯʺȡκβλԱֱָʾ
һۼҵĽ㣬ɺֹۼŵк
ڶóĺȻӴ󣬵Ǻ޲ҵľ飬Ǳ
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κʮָʾ󣬴һӣֱɢᣬרĸչֵ쾡¡

ڸԳ޼ĸֱ仯ٿ顢оԲߵͬʱȴʮֵİ
ǰۼŻǺţûԼҪĶսʲô
ΪǵҪ֮صգǰÿ¡
ѾµĺۼȫۼŽ֣
ɽ߶18ű
Ȼߵ񣬲ҵ㣬էһȥá
ߣϴжʧ֮׷ͽΪϴλľ濪չϴжڲ뻪İɱǸص飬Һѹ
һɫ³ȹ£ߵߵǰ֣ĦߵڸߵΪʱ޿̶㱨ζǸʮ˲
ԭΪҪȺܾãû뵽ɽˮ·һ壬Ǹ龹ȻҪμĶս
˵ЦˣԵһ㣬ЦúֲܿǺǣߣһֳۿսҪۿǸѪ岽ɥȪȻؽĹͷιǵķ


224 սǰϦ
ྩĳܻء
ӳȻҪȭֽжսʲô
ӳڶ˱ӵ֮⣬ǰۼԭ³ŰŮıڣŰϴεɽ¼ˣβμӶսΪ˱Ȼɡ
ܶӳʲôɣˡǳɳźԣ˶Զӳԣвַӱ򱬣
ҾðԳսҲδؿսʤӳ
ûӳɲǵߣĽѧͲɱ֮ϣսδؾڻʦ

ѵսСֶӵĳԱطҪжս۷׷ס
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͵۵ʱսСֶӵζӳФս˹ȺгĬŮ
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ĿŮФս뿪սСֶӵĶӳһ档
صİ칫ѵȺʱ
ֲӵ߳٣սСֲӵһС֧ĳԱֲġ
仰˵ֲǻľһսСֲֶӵһ
ŮʮԸֲӵľӢμѡʵΪ˽ֲӣֱӽսСֶӡ
Фսͬ־ȳȥɣͬ־̸̸
칫ɿŮФս˽˵
ŮʵŮսСֶĴţ
ǣ׳
Фս΢΢һȻת뿪˰칫ңҹ˷š
ͬ־ǲһֱطϵ
ФսǰŸߣɱ㿪ˣƽϲŭȴŮͷȻһ
Բ׳
Ŀ⣬ûѣǵͷǸϴ
֪ȺطϵΣǰõĲӷͨѶһԼֻôٴʵ
ǵģ׳
ŮͷȻӭɵĿ⣬ϵľִٺͲʧһƽǸо·Ѿ˽κδ׼
ϸ˵ΪѾΥ˹涨ٴοڡ
Ը֯κʽĴŮһһ
֯㿪᲻ڣȤʵ
Ҳڣ
ɵĻŮһɫһ䣬üĿ֮ӿֳ˿ֻźͲᣬָֻܿƽܼᶨ˵
طûаͽܣá
ɿЦһȻ󻰷һתİɣ̸Ҫ㡣

Ů˿ӿֳ˼ּ
ȻΪط类ڣҲ뿪
ԭΪչ涨˵㲻ҲҪش󴦷֣ΪһЩԭ֯׷Ρ⣬ûֹ֮ǰԼΪʦطṩһЩϢˡ
ৣ
ⷬŮɫȻһ䣬һԾؿɣʶʵ׳ʦ
ʵĲҪʡ
ɴŮĻȻһҪȥɡ
׳ָʾ
ŮֻýߵĻʻضӣֱͦӣ˵
Ӧ֪طҪս顣ζս˹Ĺע⣬ǰս
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׳ģ֤񣡡
ݣŮһ˷ܣæ
ǿԼطСǼ
ɼ״ЦãȻ󿴵ŮЩߣٵ٩ֲ⣬ط֮һ£ζԽߣΣҺ飬Ż
ǣ׳
Ů΢΢һȻ뵽׳ɵ飬֪ڴתط硣

ϵһ
ЦվڿشǰĿջأȻóֻͨĵ绰
֣ȷϣصȷʵҪμӴ˴ζս
绰ͨЦȿڣһЦǸо·طѰ·
ԭ˾Ű۷Ĺһ£ֶЩܵһӰ죬ܱƵǸصĲμӶսҲֵá˵
ۼ˿ãصī֧šڶսиɵص飬õĵ̣ȥԸۼž׵öˡ
Ц˵ţȻʾ֣ԭֻǶԸţҴĪСҺչսصս׾ս󻼣
Ȼҳ׸Ȩ⶯ԶõһԴӦ֪Ųƿأܶ棬ҲָʾŵȥʲôֻкԿڲС
ѵζս˵ҪԣֻҪ顣ΪˣúԵȫμζս²ʵԶ벻ͬ⡣
ҲõġźͰۼţ㣬ҲصġҶԸĪаʮˣֻ̤۷壬صģͬ˵
֣̫Сˡ
Ϊ԰ߵ˽᲻Ҳ֪ǰʮζʲô
ɫԺҸϵĪɹ
£ֱӹҶ˵绰
ص飬ԭ㣬·ȻôǾԸ
ͨЦ뵽֮ǰĻЦѡ

͵ĵĿⶼۼطϵʱطȴһҲ⣬һֱȻȻ
ͨطĿȻȶ࣬ͣͳ¾һͬȥͼݡ
ŮǰŸߣطӵ骵ĵ绰
˵Ҫжս绰ͨ骿żɽʵ
š
طûҲ޷ڵ紫ˣ骲֪ܲ
õĻȥжս㵽ôģ
־һҲϣط͵ȾĿǰطѾ˵
ŵԣȻһƽ
طƽȴ骸еһɱ⣬Ű۷򸾵ķĹƵȻɱҪһĽѵ


225 ϰķ
ͬٽԤϵһΪۼϺźеⳡս޵ĸ֣˸ĹעӰ
ʱĸĴУ׷׵ִϰģ׼֤һս
֮⣬ϰ˺һЩҲ׼ֳս
Ϊȷսڼȶİȫɳعϵؾάȣͬʱ뾳Աݽϸϸˡ
ϰ˵ӵʱһŦԼϰĵĿͻ׼ʱϰĹʻ
ɻԸʱŵ˹ʱŵŰ˱ڴӹͨ߳
˹ӭϰģ
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Ϊ˹ʱŵֱϵԱδĽӰѡ֮һݵλԺգԺԵӭӡ
֮ǰѾӭֵ¸աϸ۵Ľ½һЩС
װѣллԽӻ
˹ʱŵ֣Ȼһͬ뿪˻
װѣǵʳ𣿡
ڿʵ˹˹Ӱϣ˹ʱŵЩؿʵ
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Ϊ˫ѡûȷ
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˹ʱŵЦһȻֻһ֪ߵغĳӣӱѹ֮󣬻ӮǮָоһ
˹ǻƲġڿЦ׼طذܡ
˵طŰϵľ֮٣ط˹ʱŵԵ顣
Ȼ˹ʱŵ˴ϰģⳡսĸֱ仯Ǣ̸뻪ĵµĺĿطɥ̨

ʮӵʱΪ̫үЦҺչ˻ͨ⡣
ӺһܴɼĿͻ׼ʱڻ䡣
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һԵɱһ㣬鵭Į䣬ɢɱ
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ģҲҰ޵ġ
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Ц΢΢ˬͬʱҸӦʲôһ𾪵ؿĪС
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ĪеͷȻЩ죬ԭڹ̾磬ʦ֪ͨߴһȭ
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ʦܣһֵ֣صһôɱ練ƣֵϣĪеĲŨ
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Щεؿ˿Ц
ˣȻˣͲ˵ЩˣͰͻƺԽʯɣ
Īм״֪Цģ°˰֣ҵĻȻϵɱŨ˼֡
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ЦæڸͣǸо·Ѿط̨Ѫ岽ĻˣЦ춼ϲ£ˡ
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ݣͬҲġ
͹֮⣬
ǰطָʾǰ浱Ĳɱ飬սЧ쳣ԡ
һʱΪߵ棬ֻ۷Ű
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ſڣطīѵȺʱ³ӭȥʵԸ磬ЧΣ
̹٣Сѧ츳ѣҲߣͨ˲ٲɱ飬ս˲١ص
ˡ
طͷȻԸ磬ǰϰڼ䣬Ҫ⣬ҵĶֻûȻС֡
̹ٷģɱ붯ǣֻһֿܡҵʬȥһһ
طļûٶ˵ʲôǰ桢򵥵˼䣬˳һͬǰ
ʱطĿͻӭϦϰĹʻ
طˣ
ʮӺ󣬵ط߳ͨغڻͨĸ鱨Աһʱ佫Ϣ˳ȥ
μûаŽӻȥƵɡ߳ͨī̾˿
μҲǼŵĺôطЩɻ
ԭǵģΪζսμѾֹ뼯ŵһҵڰ㡣īЩջ˵
٣μΪǱذܣԷǵĺ
īĻطһȻЦȻμҲʣͲҪǲ塣磬ＯһпԳＯʽͶעҵıҪúμ˰ѳӻ࣡


226 
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ҲǺȭڵ֮һ
ΪȫĴĳ֮һϰĺƵÿƵ꼸жĳΪ֪ıϾƵꡣ
ϾƵٺʼ1970꣬ؽ2008꣬Ԣ볡ÿһĿͣΪ
Ƶ궥кܶСһЩ֮ģԢΪͽڱʧ֮⣬ׯԶǴӮңкܶ״˷ԢĿ͸Ϊ׸
ϾƵӵ֪Ķĳ֮⣬һ͵ĵ¸񶷳λھƵĸ㡣
ۼϺźĶսϾƵĵ¸񶷳УʱΪϾŵ㣡
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仰󣬶̷Ů˲佫ĿͶԱص1Űᣬ·Ҫ͸ֻѰҵЦӰ
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227 ˣ
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ǰӦóֱӽŶ԰
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κˣ֮Ȼžȣû뵽ЦȻԽύȨӵܡ
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κһЦȻڹؼʱ°ۼŻŵĲѡ֣ǵһ˿ãϣر
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Ϊ̫ү̽߳ƵĶַ㣬ǻȨӵܣǵļһ֣Զ޷ǡ
ط硣
꣬طдԺӵУƫССؼ̫үڵغӶԵʣһҲȴ亢෴Ժ޵֣ձˡǴħĶ
ؼҳʹ⣬ĳɷͽԼҺӡ
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̣ȻȥˣַȻؼǵõġԺơҲǵط統ʱӡ
Ľ죬ط羭ӵڼϵʷ˾޴仯ѲһƦȡ֮һ֮
֮⣬Ѳɣͬһ㣬Ƿһּĸо
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ˣطϾûݣģ仯ٴȻеһӰӣַһۿط磬ϤȻԺ㸡ֳŲһӡ
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˵Ļ棬ַûһۣĿʼͣµϡ
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229 ۾
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235 ȫ
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·Ϊ˻ӦƵģ̨ϣط۶1ŰᣬͻȻڣȴһը죬صڵ¸񶷳Ͽգþòɢ


236 Ͷע
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طǰĻطȻӰȫڵױȼ׷״
ŮʿǣǣнһҲʵһطVSĪУ
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ţţĪʶؿʵްеֻǾţ
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ط赭д˵ţȻŲٴĪС


239 
Īбŵˡ
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240 ʳ
ΪźԵ״ӡаʮ˵ĪУطİѪ̨
˵ԤϣҲȫ
ӣټĵ¸񶷳ѻȸ˶ؿ̨ǸȻ꣡
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ᣬɻɱڵĪУ书п˰۷壬ط粻᳹ڻȫѧҿһеľţ
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ۿǳ񣬺κһ԰ףسԼСӺʵ
֣ղ˸Ҵ绰㱨ˣȥеͶע֮⣬ܹʽ𲻳ʮڡ
ڵɫѿⳡĳҪ106ڣμеʽѹ⸶˿ʱѾˣԺμҵʱȥʽҲˡ
һμûмʱ⸶Ļ𣬶Խ˵ֱͬجΡ⸶˭ҵμҵĶĳĲ
һĿͶԺμҶĳʧȥΣȫԽ룬ϷϰĵĶĲ⣬ȡ޺μң
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Ӧǵһ졣
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241 
ļɹ״ӲѪ˨γɡ״ķ֧ʹһļʧȥѪҺӦĲ֢
ļһЩ򣬰͡Ѫݿˡˮʧȡ
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242 
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ɲǼ䣬˵ɫһ䣬ͫ˲Ŵ󣬲Լͬͣ˽Ų


243 ǻģ
ʲô
顢ЦӺַˣͣ½Ųͬʱӿֳһɻ
ûд𰸣ַĿгž档
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ۿּҴ٣طŵƨҷһɥ֮Ȯһ㣬β뿪ѼʶطǿԵסˡ
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ط˳ֹ˷ţǸоǸһֻĲӬ
ͨխ覴ñر֮ϲżΪóŪȨͱ˵ӣǾҪǵúã鷳ŵ骴Ӿлع̲סѵ
طַҺּҵɺӰ죬ַ㱨ط磬طһЩ顣
طΪַĶ竣޷ڻȥּҵŭữȨ֮طնɱ
δƷж֮ˣҲͿؽ̸ֻɫ˵ǵĸӡ
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骣ģҺּҵȡҲ̫ܵӰ죬ּһûôȨƣܽУطΪڵĽɾ޴Ӱ죬㿪ѵ

طĻһΪطڰԼδ룬˵ͷ
骣ǱˣҲῪ㣬ȻҲ뻢ڵġ
ط룬ɫ֮գҸȥұּ֤˼β͹ͬʱ֤ҲΪ¶Ӱ죡

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ϣȵ󡲻ңȵƯŮһץһѣΪ˼棬ӻȢЬ


254 һļ
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ǰȦʿʱĸ֡
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ڽ÷ˮһЩ¼ϢҲھ˳
磬ס֪ĵۺ԰ӲԼģġ
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Цһڵۺ԰ױһ׸סһԼסһǷָס
֮ѡ񽫱ڵۺ԰ȫΪеۺ԰нϴɱ˷Ż
˵ӵʱЦˣ˯Ժعصֻ塣
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һ죬үҹ򸾻صլͥ壬Ƥһλ֤֮⣬˰ݷá
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үүǾˣμϸǳԵսΪ˱ǣǹԴڽͷɹ졣
ʱʮĸףһĻҪȥƴھסսǳĺƽлȻξȺμսսУʿ
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լλڽĵػϣһĺԺ
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262 ؼү
Ϊչٳδ֮ǣԴճǽ뽭һ·˳˳ˮúܶһĽʺޡ
˵ʮǰչٳ˶ΪԿԼյȨࡣ
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˵۾ǣδԸԳְǰϳ֣ʧȥ˰ʡίԺסլѻᡣ
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һ㣬ڹٳΪԡ
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ڵ˶ԣ𲽵ĵһܹؼһ̤׼ˣǿź죬·Ҫߵöࡣ
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ԵסλڽһͨССķڽֻеȣǾС
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һУطĶ棬طϤİӡ
˵ĳ֣ǨʮþȣԲ䵽ز
ͬʱҲµΨжܹı;
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һӦô֪ҵݣԽʽǵ׷Ҵһ£ҷڣðۼ˳ĵ̡ʱ㣬ҼԸңӶӰ;
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ҪлңΪΪǼ£㲻ʮһ㽫һЩùﴦɾȻסп˶ԣڶ塣
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ৣ
طⷬԵɫˣ޷ĵ𾪣һ˼ؿط磬Ǹо·ʣطôĻ׳һһ
ں޺͸л֮䣬ǰԶԶںߡΪΪûҵĳ֣Ǩɹ󣬻ῴܶණһ;ҲᴦһЩ񡣡
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طЦȻ²豭ǿƵ˵죬һּ˼β͹

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ҿԸһ;Ļᣬ벻Լ
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264 ֵ
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СʱȻ˵ÿ춼ѵ֮ʿһѵٺ׳Ҳˣ޷ʿһѵھԱͬ³ܲڵĳߡ
һСʱҹصլ׼͡
֡
ѵȺʱҹæӭȥ
ûɣ
ҹбһۣؿɫơ㲣ȦڣȻһҹû˯
鵽˸һˣûҵǸˡͷҹĿ⡣
ʲôˣҹŮ֪ߵغҪֻ飿ҹʵ
˽ط磬ǶѧıʵǶۼζ³ȻıڡȻŰ۵ŮǶǸϴ󡣡湧ػص
һڸô񣿡ҹüЩš
ȻֻһڣϢĻŰۼšԥһ£ֲ
ǡԭǸĻϴ󰡣ֲøô񡣡
ҹмЦˣַ㶼ûнνĵ̸ο
԰骲ǼһҪ𣿵ƢҪȥ̾˵ģôֺ˹һ𣿡ҹͻȻ뵽ʲôɻ
Ҳú֣һֱԼڷšЩΪѣ骵ΪѻۣΡ
Ӹң׼飬ʮͷţ
ȻѾ̬˵κйط飬ҹǹԴҲ˵֡
Сһ㣬ϾðԲ骵ǸҰֻ飬򽫳Ϊҵĳ裬Ҳûּҽ
ҹ˵ţֲ⣬ٸ˼빤˵ܹ飬ľѳۣ޷ı䣬ϣܹΪ˼룬ȫ֣ҪӺ֡
ҶӪ˸𰲱ط϶޷ֻ飬ȻǸȶء
š
ͷ֪ԡ

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˿̵ַ㣬ڷ﷢
ΪصƵ󣬱֪Цĵ˱Ϣ
ԴˣԸԴ绰ʼղӵ绰
ָڵλٳд˵绰߽˵绰ַ㣬жڼ䣬ץЦģȶأϷϹ棬Ҳš
λٳдǻƤַջ޿κΡ
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ʯڿַŭ죬˵񣬽ץĺЦִ󣬱׷Ρ
٣±׷ΣѵûҵĺôַЦŴʯڵĻһҿ;ߵͷˣ
ţǴ󣬲֪ô
ʯæַ֪ͣܵԴҪսὭԵ;Ҳ¡
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УʯڸʯΪ1רİµA6LַּǰҺõĳһɫĺţƣһڴ϶·˵Ŀ⡣
ŵʮһ1š2רţյĺʻլһ·ͨƣͨ衣
ʮӵʱ򣬵λػӵլʱլԲһױΧһڣ岽һڣ֮⣬ΧĽֵȫ
İҪ˵һˣһֻӶܲȥ
٣ּҺôų
·ڴ𰲱ҶרּҳʻһЦȻ˸ƣµʿߣóͨ
ӣˣһȥȲ谡
Ӻ󣬵һ˹˹ӰҶʻʱͻȻ٣򿪣ַ΢ЦųҶ˵
ǰҶطŶеɽȻطǰߣҲպգһ˹ڲС
˿ַ̣㿴ҶȻΪԼĶ鸺𰲱Ϊδڶǰطһɨգȡ֮һá
ַ㣬װƣС
Ҷûһ䣬ȻƵ߳ӿڣվػϣȼһ֧̣Ƶš
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⣡
ϤҶͷһ𣬻һ̴л䣬ǰϣĽ
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ûᣬǵһʱת󷽡
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ôؿţ
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Ϊ׷طĲ벿֮Ҳ᲻Ƿſ볯Ҳ᲻ִ⵽µ顣
Ϊط뿪֮ǸڴԺߵСʧȥĹǣ۸ѹƣֱ졣
ڸղţΪұ۵ַ㣬ʿ棬䳰ȷ
ʱطˡ
Ҷĳֱ޷ݣ
ĺܺô
طüͷһҶδǴɿ㳤ģҶԸνָƣȻóҶѡ
ҲǸ˭ģ˸ǣ
ҶЦ˵Ȼֲȥ۽µˮ
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طһѪҶ˵ļྩģ۸ǵ˲࣬Упܵġ
ҶĬһЩ飬Ȼȼһ֧̣ȴط˹ȥ
ǰʱ䱻ӿˣϵǣ뵽ǶйҵδˣԾûǡط˿̣˵
㡭㱻ˣ
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Ǹ˵
طôһ˵ҶҲװȥˣŭûãǸ˵ͿʼˣһΣָʹַǿӵȣ
Ŷ
طüͷһǿǵʱС֮һ֮嶯ģͬʱҲǼһ
Ҳ֪ǿԸ嶯ǵȳַ֣ȣǼһùܺøԵĺӣûмȥ
ҶƵ˵⣬жϵһǸ˵̫ǳˣǿһȻ֮󣬴ǣһк춦ľֲһ竴٣˽±Ϊ̫ӣһţƣ
ͷϵһֵǣҸʱ䣬Ǿ۾ۡط絯ͷ˼
ã
Ҷ˵ͷȻ뵽ʲôЩʣˣӣô
ұƻưַڸıˣҪȳȹ
طۣˡ
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ͬʱ
լſڣҹΪףҶгԱȫſڣӭּ˵ĵ
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뵽ּһųҲּ֪λ⽮͵飬û뵽˾Ȼּվ̨
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ЩƣҹǴԼĶŮӭȥ
һ棬ҽˣӭӿǴ֮
һ棬񴦾ּƴݡλȨҪٳ߸ͷһ
壬겻ɫԽԽˣ
ԣ΢Цǰҹ֣Ϊͬżܹ֮⣬ټ档
㲻ͻǻ˵ЩĴϴ֡
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ҲȺ֡
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ֹҹּ˽ţַĸĺͻȻʵ֮гŲ
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ַ骶ӣȴûſӭӣеĲﵽ˼ޣֱӳʡ
ĺ죬ڣּҲΪֻûĺֱֵ̫ӡ
ĺһڣкѶֹͣˣ˲ЩΡѹ֡
骸նе㲻䣬Ƚȥɡ
ⷼæԲҹĶȥȰ骣ʼûпš
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һȺ˲լСԺ
ϣѱ˲֮骵СӨһʱ䵹ˮǽһڿ졢ڣǸо·µּˡ
骵ĴҲһصк
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ӺⷼĵȰ˵£骸˴
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һĻˣּˣǰ֤˵Ҷλմжסˡ
Ȼû뵽骻֣
ݵ󣬰ڣּ˵ɫˣúѿеĲȫдϡ
ּ˵ɫ仯骵ĸĸ֮⣬˶Щջ𣬸ǵǡ
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˾ʲô
һĻüͷһοڣܲãܵͳҹĳƺˣ
һУڱĲŭ
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ַʽӦּ֪һֻ骵ĸ˼⡣
֮ǰһЩԭţˡ
ĺٴοˣǵζ׶ּҵ壬˿̾ͻˡ
骣ǲǾã޸ңΪּҵϱһίܶ˵飿
ĺûӣַȴৡһվָ骵ȵ
ΪּҴٵߵ𾴣ԼףȴܵĴ
οԭΪų֪ܼ޸ԼǶôҫԼķչĽȻ෴
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üɾظ𸴡
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬˵ɫˣ
УһǣּһջַΪ
骣Ҹ㣬ܼ޸ңң仰˵үүȢ㣬ֻɫ۶һۣ⣬Ҷ飬Ҳ㶩飡
һַ̣ٴοˣָ骵ıӣֺȥʰһظҰͷϴȨ֮ǰûз򣬾ŹңҲּ̤Ұ벽
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ս˫ȭַһƣԼ˷ǵûջ𣬶һǺȻɿ֣ر۾
ط磬ʲôʱ
ۣ̲סаԼ
һ̣Ǳȫһ㣬¶
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266 
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ּĬַ˺Ƥֺؽѵ骣˸ҳ骹¶ʱطδվ˴ſڡ

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ǻһؿط磬ϵķŭȻ޴棬ȡ֮Ǽ
Ϊطûƭ
طʱͬһ֣ڳȨǿƵػػַ㣬ıӻ
һУڼ̲֮࣬סЦˣЦ档
Ȼ֪ط絽ʲô̤լҡּ˽а壬֪Լûпˡ
ˣһŵǧ
ݵ𾪹˷׷׻عмȷŭֵǡ
ŭΪȫ׼ط绹ֻˣһǿơ
ǣΪ֮ǰΪѾŭּˣּҳĬַ˺Ƥŭ⡢骣Ҷ²̨
˿̣ط֣ǿƿڣڻϽͣƱػּ˸ŭ
һŻпܻˣҸ޷ּҽ᳹׵ּң
ԭʹܲٳ׵ּңѩϼ˪ǰ;ǡ
֪ĳӣ֪ʲô𣿡
˷ŭǵͬʱַ㿪ˣŭضط磬޲ýطˡ
ŭ֮࣬Ҳں棬˭ط絨ӣطҵֻ飡
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⡮δϱ˽㣬ѹûҰ˶Ͼϵ֪飬ȴڹô
˵ĺȻߣ֮еķŭΣһʢ˵ĸо
ΪķˣʵĺŹ󸾣Ҳףĳŵĸ֣ʡ
ݣȨྩҲǱ£ܹ
ĺ춼޿̣ο
˾Ҫһ͡
ҲˣĿͶҹȻ̣ܶҲĺǰŭʢˣ˶ܸܵŭ⡪˲ܸһĽͣ½û꣡

ʣҹ̾˿ֲʵҲǰ̸֪һˡǵ֪º󣬵һʱ骶Ͼ˵ĹϵһʼӦˣȴû뵽ˡ
֮⣬Ϊ˷ֹֻ飬صؽӪ˵˹Э𶩻ڼİȴû뵽
˵ҹĿɨҶСӪӪôģЭ𰲱Ͻκ˽ôŽˣ

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Ϊ֣ڳ˶ûϳط磬˵֪طʵݣ
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Ͼ֮ǰطʱһʼȷطݡ
Ҷ㻹Ÿʲôȥ
ۿҶ޶ԣҹˣµֻȽطȥȻּǸƽϢּҵŭȷŻ¼ȥ
׳
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Ļ˵ڣ骿ڴĻ
үүзģֻҪ̤լ骣ˣĹ
骲ȥϵˮ̧ͷͦأҹһ˵
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Ȼ֪пܳΪҵˣϳңᱻҳں
ԸһУطһ
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ҹûһ͵վŭȵ骣ֻҪ߳󽫲ҹŮҲûֲТ
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ڵȣҸǽ
ҹΪʿǾĻȴΪνˣǿŮ޸ַķǷݾ˵ѪأΪʿأùô
ۿҹľ棬ԼطкǸжһӭ骣һŭҹ
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طĻ£ҹӦַȷˡ
ΪּҴ٣ߵӭĶĽ;η
죬ԼļǱطѥӵʸûУط˵Ƿ
޿ֱ̣˺ݻвط磡


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267 
ǰط統ڶԺӵܵ棬һƳɹַ㡣
ط統ּˡˡҶշ⽮棬ٴһƽַ鷭ڵء
һƣط粢ûжðҿؿʵһƿԽַԴ鱬
Ȼ
ˣַȧѣݣѪģ䣬Ѫ߰ߣȥʮҡ
һ̡
ʱ·ֹ·𶨸
լĴž
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Ƕǿ˼һĻƵģɴ۾ǿһѪģַ㣬ȻԼͬؽĿͶ˰Ȼط磬Ǹо·ʣıӵô
ҹ˭
ǿǾĻϿǣ
ݡλۻģѵָҪ˵طǰѵˣ
ַ㡭
ȻݡλҹͷּҴٵĹ⻷ڰλٳͷּҳǰһƳ鷭
¶һģլҪǴȥԻȦӣڳҰ;ɽХ
С㣡
ݵ𾪹Ⱥعĺһʱַ㡣
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

󣬳֮⣬ּҲվŭؿط硣
ߣҹڣҲǾŭӵؿط硣
٣˾Ȼ˸լŭ㣬Ҷӡ
ͬʱˣضط磬ŭЦ죬ĳǳʶˣ
Ҷ㣬̽Ʒ
Ļҹų״лع񣬴Ҷ
ͬ˵һطլ飬ǲطʲôԺͲھлˣҲ޷ּҽ
ִΪְ
Ȼ
ҹҶȴ޶ԣֻΪѵؿط磬Ǹо·ʣϴզ
ҹ㲻ΪѻӡЩһٸûã
ҶĿ⣬طһοˣǿɡ
ţ
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㡭С磿
Ҷȴлع֮ǰԼҶطһ;Щ֣ͬʱҲطЩ죬ҿ϶طǵ꾩ǵĻħ
ϾҶԣؼҺַ֮ѡһ飬һѡѡ⣡
ּȻѳΪ׼ţֻһ֮ؼұͲһΣ
Ҷ壡
ط΢΢ͷӸ𸴡
ৣ
ȻҶطĶԻַڣּӿֳһµͷɫһ䣡
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ྩǵĻħүӵͷ⡣
ҶЦģ˲࣬Ļħ֮һ

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񣬴𰸽ˣ
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ݣһҪһ飡
Ҳˡ
ɴ۾ؿط磬ϳŲ˼飡
Ϊطͺйϸ𣬵֪طǻʱ򣬾𾪵Ըӣطҡһ䣬ֳ˾ؼҵˣؼλ̩ɽ۰ĺ
𾪵ͬʱҲطΪθŵ˵ּ˼β͹ˣ
ˣּͬòᣡ
Ҳû뵽ġҰˡȻǵĻħ
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ڵϣ˵طĿ˲ţ
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ΪؼҺԲ飡
׼ȷ˵Ϊûһ٣飡
ڵպյĽУֶٶԣһЦ
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ԭһֱں棬ط絽ʲôŸլ飬ȴȻˡ
Ȼû˵ྩħͷҲ֪үͷ⼸ζʲô
λȻ˾Ļ󣬵ֻҪһ첻ɽ˱ɽҰ˸Ĵڣ
෴λֻҪվţྩĶҪΣ
ݵ𾪹Һּ˵ıҲǸвͬ
˵ϳŰûڡ
ǰûûϸص˽ط磬ϵҪطϾϵ
֮ǰ֪طݣǵøֶΰԧ죬һطң
ּߣڣּ˵ı鶼Щء
Ϊ˰ǰǼ𾪳Ұ顪طҴȣһƳַ㣬Ϊؼ̫үһ仰˸˵һ֣
Ľ죬λ˻彡ľ磬ּܰط
骣ҲݣֻǾЩ˵á
˼һͬʱطһοˣһԵ骣˵
š
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268 »û꣡
ô
ᣡ
骵Ļʳںڳжӿֳ˴𰸣ҹ骵ĴСӨûпڡ
ǵıΡ
һ棬뵽骵ʱǶôĵѺͿ̱һ棬аͲ骼޸ط磬Ҳּܵ˵˵ַּҵ˿Σ
ͬʱַƵѪ
ԭΪײ骺طһԼ骵̬ȣڽһϵдʾʩѹͼ骺ԼΪͬʱҲףܼ޸Ǻεҫһ£
ԸϳңҲҪطһŭɶ˺Ƥͼǿѹ骸Լĸĸͷϴ
طˣȻһƽ鷭ڵأ
뽫طʬεʱطݡ
һУԶȰǰطһƸѻ
Ȼ
˱ѻ֮⣬ʲô
ͷ϶ּҴ١̽һ֮һ춦᳤ֲȸֹ⻷
Щ⻷طǰûκ壬طһƳ÷飡
µһѪˮݣУȻûҶط˵ʲôȥط磬۸Сѧһ㣬˵վһԡ
˾ҼСŮĻǲҪȡ
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ˣ䶢ط磬棬ΪλߵϾɡ
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ৡ
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ǸˣЦΪÿ㽻̸ʱ¼ˣЩ¼ҲUҪ̨ԣųôһһ
طЦݲЦַУħ΢Цţ¼֮ĺڽ

ַһֵ죬ȴҲû뵽ЦȻ̸ʱ¼
Щ¼ΪЦԸط֤ҲΪ漰ڽ֤
Щ飬Ǵؼҳؼλ֪Ļ룡
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طһһ㣬ͻȻַԣҽ˳߳һַĽ
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ĶϹַĽ˲ѣʧȥģֱԵڵأһ͹һſطĽ£

ٴοط֣һ
ּ˼ľŭضط硣
У۾гһ϶â˸
һȣҶĳͷ
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ûط縩Žһʹࡢŭַ㣬˵
⡭̫ӵľ棡


269 ҵͷ

طǿƶĻլٴΰ
˶̲סĿͶ˰Ȼط磬겻ѡ
ƾṩǿԴӳڵĸ;ո¶ͷǣҴˡ춦ֲ
һУͷܼҴСѩ㶼һǺܶһĴڡ
ʱ˿̣طȴҪַ죬档
˾㵵ͬʱҲòط
οǰطڶԺӵܵ棬ϹȣһֱѹֱӣӾ伣
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ģһĻ
ַǿĵ裬Ӧ
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µּҲһسӣҲûʵ
ֻܽϣϡ

طַ֪㲻ģ뱨Լҽϣϣ⣬ϣġ
뿪˰꣬ԺǰΪܵĴᡢ빤λ󶼲⡣
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骵ĴԭӨһкط磬˿̿һĻæߵĻʻضӣ¸Өĺ󳾣ȥطƨɡ
ط磬û骵ͬ⣬˽ּҶ飬ǵĲԣҴˣ骵Ǹ
طĻ뵽ط֮ǰǿƣҹףطһطǲһϵģ̾˿ǽĿͶ骣骣ϣ㲻Ҫȥԭǡ

һ㱡
һ̡
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ৣ
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档
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274 ޵
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275 
ЦѺУкִо
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276 
ͬеĴѧһѧҲŸʽЭᣬЭᡢ鷨Эᡢȭ硢Эȡ
УһЩЭ֮໥ģЭЭˣ򲻵һ
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277 Գ
㣬طصѧ1У¥ſڣȻȻıСǷСѧƵģͷվԺſڣһľִٲ

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278 ô
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283 Ĳ
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284 
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ִȭΪӱȭĻϸĸﴴɣȭεĸ߶ͳһΪȭʦ
ȭΪʽ׮ȭʮȭ
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ɽš
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һкóֻһмδͶţȫĸĸ͵ܵܡ
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ԭҾ׼ɽɨ·š
̷ʣһǸطǿʸҵĶ֣ҿһҽֵĻᡪʮ֮ȥˣ


285 ʦ
ʮһԺѽʱ̣ҹʱӣڰ˶ա
ѧԺУ¥Ժ
طվҹĻ£ëףڵİˮһ㣬ȫӽǵӿͷ
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طܾǰͽͷˣԿưͷߣ˺ͷһ񾭣ٳ޷뻯
ǰʱ䣬طںд裬ȻϰĻɱŵҺĪУִڳ¾ѧ˶ѧĸͬʱٴοʼ
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ܶѽˣ޷뻯Ϊǲ֪ڱеĹУڵййɢ޷ӳǿ
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߽뾢ϣȺ󽫰ǡѪ⡢ͷҲνĳڡڡں۷塣
УҪϻڵ谭ٰģֹڲ˺𽥶԰ĿԽԽչ羫֣ƹңอͣǿᣬ֮ΪУΪǿӵо˵Ĵ͸
Ȱ߿ؿưȫÿһλߵʱ򣬶԰ĿѴﵽ𴿽ĵزʱҪھνľߺһ
һ߿ɻֵĹ۹ĸλһȫ˲伯һ㣬ɵֵֵĹ
ߣҪһ֣Ҫڵ辢ҪⲿĹ弡⡢อǺ߶ͳһϣᲢáȭʱڽײ죬ּ䣬ȭըҩＴɱţ
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һЦɱȻΣҴǰģҪɱˣһҪûѧŶ


286 ˼
Ϻب棬¤˰ɽ֮ߣ̫ж⣬Īϡ
ڹŴΪ֮衱λɽɽΪ֮ա
һУڱʾɽڹŴʱҪͨС
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ԭɽҪֹھʻеԱЭһС

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طǵѪٴοڣȴͬը죡


298 һȭɣ

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Ȼ֪ط˵ʲô˼Ҳ֪ط絽Ҫβܻ׾ͨطŵ̬ȺͻΪطܹ֮ǰ˵һУ

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ط翪ȫѧδйȺӣ
ȫž


299 ԳУˣ
׾ˣ
뻯طһȭɣ˵ز𣬼ʧȥս
Ƕط籧оĵ骡¾Ȼ桢ī͹ˣҲһĿɿڴ
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ΪǰһĻȫǵԤϣҲ߸Ƕѧ֪
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ৣ
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ৣ

׾γѣһĿȺ׾ŲͶط硣
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ǻ½ֱԶҵսѣڵУ
ԣһȻۣᣬ˻Ƶغ˵ֲʱԡ
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303 
طܺ׾ΪѧӢۣ
׾ڱͻƻȻа۷ط磡
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׾ͻƻֻǻѧһ֮ʣвȷ
ӱֱͶԻ׾ȷʵͻ˻ϢǷʵջҪ԰񷢲ߵ¹Ϊ׼

½밵̳ؿ̳Ϊط׾һսڣһҳȫһսӣй׾ǷͻƻǷӵлսչ˼ҵۡ
ϢʵԣҲΪѧΪ棬ʡ
ʮ㣬һڰʱ֪ˣ
գ˫Ϊȵ񵥸֮󣬱֪ˡ׾ͻƻ֮󣬱طɱطŽǰ
񵥣ɰ񵥷ÿһ¸һΣڹȥһ֮еĳԱսۺʵ
ۺʵ˼壬ѧʵǰʹǹ֧
е˵ѧʵ޷ɱʦʹȫ
磬һıձɽġС̣ձѧң׿ʼ䣬̳ĵָųձձѧһϰ꣬书ɣ뻯ҼΪóʹð
ݴΪȫѧһʮͻƻʦǿߣΪ˺ʵǿѹʵԼͣڰ۷׶Ρ
Ȼǻɻĵ˵ձ߷Ϊ̡̺ȼֱӦѧͻ
̽ʮ̤꣬۷֮ãƾ赶Ͱɱڵѧʦսѧ磬ֲ׷ɱ007ֲȫ;ռһҲﵽ֮ã
ڶŷ޵ͷڰᡱԳơ֮ӡĵһ𣬱Ϊǹ񡯣ֻɱǿǹһǹ뻯δе˿Խӽʮ֮ڣ
ǰٸԽ͢һոͻսڵʦǰȥɱһ𣬽һǹɱʱһʮһף
Ҳܹɱһʮ֮ڵԴ
ŷ߷ΪսʿսսֱӦѧͻ
ǽԿֲٶ֯죬š顯书ǹڣɱԭǿߣǿλ

˵ô
̧󣬿˿ʱ䣬Ȼ˸طò͡
˵ӡ
׼ʱ½Ȼڰҳһڰ޵ĺɫͿ죬öʮۡ
֪ΪΣ¿ı⣬Ȼһ˿ĪĽţһ˶񣬵롣
ܿ죬ҳתʾһڵİ
һձɽ̡
ڶŷ޺ڰһ
ط硣
طǻĳֲ۳ԱҪս
1.Ѫϴյ磬ݿɿϢɱ֮ȫüǹ֤ǹڡ
2.ɱ𡢰¡ڹѸ̻֯ɱ֣Ҵ֯һսСоʣ֯սСǱ𣬶ǴеĻľ
3.ϰıɱĪкңĪ˰ʮˣ
4.ɱԭĺ׾ݸϢ֤ʵ׾ڱͻƻ䲻ȫӳʦȫʵǰ߿ɱȡ
ͨսۺȣطа

սаȨƣؼҺҽܿȥһô
갵һ̲ס˫ۣԼ

ͬʱ˰֮ŦԼʱŵׯ԰
ô
ΪʱŵδӰѡ֮һ˹ʱŵһڵİüͷһ
λ֮ʧܣΪ˸ʱŵЦ
ȻʱŵδȡӰѡ֮һʸ񣬵Ѿܾûиµˡ
еͿֻţ
طǿƻɱ׾аеĲͿֻŸŨ
˹ոսļϣȫԱͬ⣬㱻ȡӰѡʸ񣡡
Ƭ̺󣬾˹ͬʱһӲ˹鷿ɫѿ˵
ৣ
ûлش˹ɫ˲Ұֽ
ףа취ıһô
Ӻ˹ؿĸףʵ
NO
Ӻܸɴҡҡͷɸֵ˵Ϊλ֮Уǵδܸκ棬üڻĵĶĲжϣҪǣһǿĵˡط磬

˹Զԣߵﶼдһ˲䱻ڵıռݡ
һ
Ϊǵط磬Ϊ˼

̫ƽĳ֪ĵϡ
죬һڰˣȡڰġ
»֯˺٣սߵ֯ǰӱֱǹػ㱨
٣ڿʼ㸺֯ת
֯죬Ϊ顱ӣˣźɫߣú޷ı飬ֻƽ
ס죬ʲô˼ԣһʶʵ
Ҫչһʱ䡣
֯쵭Ȼ´һ⣬ڿʼ⣬Щɱǿߵ񡣡
Ҫɱǿߣ
پĿɿڴ
ȫΣİ񵥣ȫǿߵİ񵥣
ܼһÿһλۺʵڻϣ
仰˵һɵػɱһĻʦʵҪڰһ֮ϣ
ǿǸ֯ľԺģҲȫͷ۵Ĵڣ
ҳ֮գ񵥸֮ʱ
֯ʣ֮гǿҵš


304 й
ҹ˵㣬͵ȫҪΪ񵥶ڵͬʱΪǵط磬ȴǺ֪顣
˿̵ڰ۾Ƶ骡Ȼ˹͡
ʢ˶뿪طҲ뿪ˣȻȻ£ͣī绰ǰ׼
۾ƵǰۼµľƵ꣬ȶӪҵҲڰۼڲӴ
444רӴİᣬҲƵõİᡣ
طڶڰ۾Ƶ444ò͡
һΣŰĵڶ죬īЦЦΪ˽ޣ̲ۼţֱīףҪȢȻطǶһ㶪˳ȥ
Ǽ£ҲطĻ
Ϊ³Եʣ˵ִ۾Ƶʱߵʮ֣˵ӵʱ򣬷ԱŽ˸˶
Ϊףطʤɱ
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骣һθطȾƾûˣ˿ȻҲˡ
ԭҲҪģطȥտŮˡ
Ȼе찡طͷƣЦһȻͳ¾ҪǺȲ˾⡣
ǴϲӣôأȻߺߵ
ȻôǴϲӰʵ
㣬طһսܺ׾ΪѧӢۣ˻ѧ棬һʲôħ䣬Ⱥӣ˴˵˵ǲǴϲӣȻдʵ
Ȼ˵û¶ͨ˻˵Ȧ˵Ӱ첢󣬵ڻѧȫѧ˵Ǿ춯صĴ£дʷ
ͷͣΪߵطһսζʲô
Ҳǣ룬Щνѧʦѧⳡڼı仯Ǿʷ׳ʰǲȥԱǿϧˣֱȷ黹졣
һ죬Ǹо·׾ѧȺӵط硣
ʵϣط׾֮ǰϿһɫĲ²׾ʤʱͺܲˬûȥţطʵͽ˵
³˫ٴΪСյʤ͵Ĵ˵ɱīڶ
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һĻط簵̾
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ЦЦû˵ͬʱȻƺڰй۲ûɵЩš
ȻѣȻ֪ط֮Ĺϵ
ʵϣеȻȷѣȻԶ󿪣뵽˺̲ܶ࣬ס͵͵طһۣطڵͷԲˣ쳣
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Ȼز׽Щϸڣװ£︡档
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Ȼںλм䣬ֱַ§ͳ¾طĻ˵ͷȻطϳźȴǵһʱ͸⣬Ĵ۾ģ´ĳҪϸڡ
´ʦǸˣʱݷطɺء
棬ѣԺôס
طЦԭأ֮սǷ޼ϣܹǷأѵݴ򽻵
š
Цŵ˵ͷȻһ˹˹Ӱ
Ҹͻȥɡ
͹뿪ֻʣīˣīӧ
ˣԼ򳵻ء
ԾܾȻĿתؿطһۣĿ⹴΢΢ͰھİģǷ֡
õģעⰲȫ
طе˼ͳ¾ˣû骻ȥ
š
骵ͷЩԹؿطһۣȻתŤˮΣ·
طϳָ󣬲ջĿ⣬˹˹Ӱ
ЩԾ
˹˹ӰλϣȻһо۵ףжϣȻֻЩţüͷҲǲһ
һ̣һҪ˺ᵶᰮĸо



305 
Ϊط֮е㲻ԾȻĪظеЩܣȻ󿴵طѸٵһ飬ûһ
ȥ԰ǻѧУطϳ˾һʱʵܹ
ѧУ
ط˵ţŤͷһۺŵͳ¾˶Ȼļͷ˯ˣЦٺȵ㣬ȫȵòʡ¡
ⲻΪȻ򶨵ػӦš
ԺɲܴǺȾơط˵
ߣôͰô
Ȼһû˵ˣ㲻ڣСǲȾƵ˵ҴǣǶûá
ˡ
һΣطػֻ
ţ
طһóֻһһ΢Ϣʾ΢ţȻ骷һϢ
ţطû뵽ʱǹꡢԹԺҲֳ骡϶Ļ棬ֻһѪڡ

طһϢȻҪֻٴβֻһһϢĿȡ
ط翴Ϣûٻأֱֻ
ͬʱȻƵģ͵زӡ
ղţط翴ϢϢʱ쳤ӣͼ͵ط΢ݣûп
ϢӦϲ
УҲԴУҪϾ鷳ˡ
Ȼ¿ϣԺиֳطĸϸڣ˼ţȻҪԼİ顣
ʱȻûط죬Ǽװ˯ˣʵת죬Ÿָİ취
ţţ˹˹Ӱʻ˶ѧͣ1У¥ſڡ
Ȼͣ£ֹͣ˼ȴװ˯ŵӣ޷Ӧ
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طعͷץסȻĸ첲ҡš
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ţڳ￴ţҰ˷ֱ𱧻ȥ
ط翴ͳ¾Ĳʡµؿںλϣζ˵
á
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һУط˳䣬⣬編ƣ¾Ҳͻӡ
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գ׾һսǾĶСҪúó裬Ϣһ
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ΪȻûдµԵʣǰѩ֣ϻմˮ飬ͿĨźɫָ͵ĽֺͷֵػζţǴĳħһ㣬طĿ⡣
ˣˣˡ
ۿطվſڿԼȻһͷС¹ĴײƵģȻӿ죬ӵĺΣȴЩСϲϲԼط
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ɲǼ䣬طոճʮˮѹȥȶȻ𣬶Ҹң޷ѹơ
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뻳ط˲̣ҲüΪ١
ط磬ҪҰɡ
ͬʱΪƻŮȻطķӦֱ˵ط绳У٣˵



306 δ
£Ȼ۾ȥط磬쵽һµٶȣ·ҪĳƵġ
ͬʱԺﲻֳطʶĵεΡ
һμ棬Ϊ棬طֱطʶȻطɱֻао¡
һ죬طͬһɽһ㵲ǰδйİȫС
һ죬طӰοڵĽ޷ټط硣
̫үܾ
ڿѧĵһٴμط磬طͬסһ¡
֪طҷͻھӪ˵Լۣٶȳ嵽ᣬ绰ŰۣҪŰ۱벻ϧһд۰ط磬Բطһë
һ죬Ű۽ӵǸ绰ʮ𾪣֪ԼŮϲط硣
ȻԼȴ֪һ㣬ֱճ֮С
ճ֮У°ߡ
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Ű۴˴˺ˣط絥̸ȻطһͬµݣȻڵ鲻Խطһ¡
һǣᣬȴȻҲðʽзѿ
ٺŰ۴ȥĸϷأŹŶ𱨣ɱŰۣɱ֣ʣҪططɱ
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գȻ˻ᱻɱɱþȫ󺰣ط粻Ҫ֣ɱֶס͡
طһγ֣ɱɱ֣
֯Ī˷ٳ֣µ֮ط絥ǹƥԸϵµɱ֯ʮӶ骡
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һ̣ı鲻ٺߡţȡ֮顣

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ۿطԭأȻ˵Ŀ·Ҫطڻ
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Ȼûвϲ㣬ҲԼ˵෴㡣ܳΪ֪Ů֤һСС󣬾˳޷Ŀѣȴһֱǿѡԡܣ޷ġ
ط˫ִȻ˫ϣҡҡͷȻΪԼ˵ʵȻ˺
ءط磬ҪܾңҪɱһĻ𣿡
ȻٴδطĻеĿ־ԽԽŨģӽҲԣٵƿһŬԼ㣬ģҡ

طʶرͣȻԥǷҪʵȻ
ط磬ЩˣϢˣҲȥϢɡ
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ط翪ڣȻٴοڣ׼طĽ̸
ãϢɡ
ط̾˿Ȼ˵ͷת߳˷䡣
顪
һ죬ҷŹϡ
ȻҪͰ
ȻȻս˫ȭ΢ЦŹԼȴЦ档



307 
ڶ峿طͬһʱ˹ɫδһƬڣΨмԺ·ŵƹ⡣
ط𴲣ϴһ˶ԺС
ʱ򣬳¾ҲԺС
Сͷ𣿡طʵ
ˡ
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ԺȾƵʱҪעշִ硣ط翴¾Щ˼ǿѡ
ΪĹ滮¾ԺȻҪ̽磬ٲӦҵһȶɲʲô¡
壬Сǵȵң
һ̣ȳ¾ڻشһﴫȻش˳
һװɫ˶һ˫˶ЬͷβǺܺãȦףĺȦ
Ȼû˯á
һĻطû뵽Ȼ˵һУףȻı˯ĲϰߣҪ˵ıԼԼø㡣
Ȼǣ
¾ȶˣطȻĽ̸һ֪˿̿ȻľٶԼµʲôЩš
ΪļȻ˵󣬵ش˯
Ҿӽ쿪ʼ˯ÿϸһܲȻǻȻ飬ûһЦ˵
ȻôͻȻҪˣ
¾գŴ۾Ĳ⣬ҪȻ˯һΪѵ飬ܺ棬ʲôԭȻĸı䡣
ҾôܺͰǱÿһ䣬ȡһܳΪָ֡Ȼһ˵

¾һ±ơ
ط̾˿ܿȻľģҲܿȻִš
һʱЩԥԥǷҪʵȻ

ߵʮʱطŮͣ˽ҡ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

ط߽ңѧԼͬؽĿͶط硣
ط磬˲¶డ
ǰû뵽ҾȻܹʶ˵еָ֡
ط磬л书ɣǽʮƣǱڤ񹦶ԡ

󣬲طҶըˣѧǴ˼Ѫһ㣬в˸ǽطΧм䡣
׻жܣ
һλϣؿȫѧɹУ񱻰ѧµط磬̲סԼ
ûд𰸡
Դճ֮֮Ȼط硢Ȼ¾֮ĽˣطĹע޼
֪ͨطһŭΪգΪ˸Ȼϰĵ¸񶷳飬ҲԼ˵طȻȻıڣǰۼŵƶߣڳ˸ǡ
طͷжѧһǰ޹˵ѧš
һеһУطĺĸŨ޲굽طȥ̽طܡ
롭ʣطͬѧ𣿡
ӵͬʱһͻȻ
ţ
׷׿ſڣȻѧЭ᳤̱ڽſڡ
΢΢ӣµĺҪʦƵģһؿűµط硣
ô
ط翪ʵ
ЩΧطѧǷ׷ɢؿ̱
һ̡
˵עУ̱ǹŴ͢ūżһ㣬ӽңһ·Сطǰ
Ҫʲô
һĻȻ¾ڣѧһĺ档
ͬѧԲҲðģдԭҵ޴Ϊ
̱һڵ˵ţº󣬶طʮȾϹ
ַʽطԭ
ΪѾ֪ط׾飬ͬʱΪ˻ѧһѧɵŶطء
ĸ磬Ϊѧŵ죬Ǳ׾ȭ
֮⣬ʢ֪ط֮ԻսԸ׾ȫΪʢŸطǸط֡
һУŻˣ
޷طҪ˵ĻĽֻôıң
ˡ
طҡҡͷѹû顣
лллллĿ
طĻ̱һ㣬ϹǸȻ縺ص뿪ҡ
ءطͬѧ
̱ǰŸߣΪȭ糤ĸҲ˽ҡ
ӰѧĿ⣬һֺЦݵߵطߡ
ʲô
һΣط翪ڣȻʵ
طͬѧһսȫѧ磬˶ΪˣطͬѧĤܶԱطͬѧָطͬѧܲܵȭʦпָһǡûӣżɽ˵
°Ҿû⣬ط磬ô
Ȼԣһ˵ԼĿȻط硣
á
ۿȻӦҰѧڿţطҲ˼ܾ
лллطͬѧ
֮ͬǰ̱һطĻＤױȣлֱϿʦң뿪
ԣЩͬСӹҼһɰɣ
ʦϽ̨ʼϿκڴߵȴǺε˼ǰй۲ط磬ԺиԴʶططΪ̲ס̾
ûйۿ˵͵ǷϣΪѣ׷
̲̾סԼ
ûд𰸣ӳŻžױݵ˵˿ؿϳԳûڣ
Ȼ
û֪Դճ֮нÿϿǰľĴ磬ֻΪܹطע⣡
δɹ



308 ĸ
塪
ʮһʮ֣Ŵ̶ĵϵĵڶڴνˣʦ¿Σ뿪ңѧǷ׷뿪
شлعʶͷһطڵķλĿطȻ¾Ů˵Ц뿪ĿгĽ뼵ʡ
ΪеһԱ֪Ϊʹ̲ȼٴ֮У˷ǳӡĨɱΪǸСһԱϣ

ĵ̾˿ȻջĿ⣬һſα뿪
ˡ
Ӻرſα߳ѧ¥Ȼֻóһĸ״ĵ绰
衣
ؽͨ绰
СأŲԾǸð𣿡
绰ͷΪĳͶʼŲܼĺزŮЩ쳣ʵ
ûУΣеۡ˵
Ǿͺã⼸ǧܸðĺȻ
Ϊʲô֮ʵ
Сأ˰Ƕʢ˰ĺ쿪ѵ
ʢ磬ǳ̽ʢᣬպ˻죬볤޵ĽȦвμӣÿٰһΣѾˡ
ʢڶĻֽٰ죬㿪ʼʮһʱ䲻ߣλԱСʱͨᡢ͡ȸƽнﵽϢԴγɱȡů
޵ˣܹμʢΪ٣ܷμʢҲΪ̽ݡλ
Ŷˡ˵
СأܲԾôҪ飬㶼ǣӦǰΣ׼Ŷ԰ĺЩˡ
ΪܹŮܹȸˣȦӣνǲģСþӢʽĽأҽ߾ܣһܶõĹϵԴزμӸľۻᣬʶӸ硢ʯ͹ү
һʢĺһֱ뷽跨ԼŮŪһŲλƱԴޣһֱδԸֱѾţ֮ŪһƱ
Ůܹ̤ѻᡣ
Ҳ֪ԼŮζμʢ磬ز£ôܸˣ
֪ˣ衣
ػӦţû˿ļ˷ܣһȻζӡ
֪ΪΣͻȻ֮òμνʢ粢ûʲô塣
ʼԽʾ֭ȦЩᷳˣжð˲ȥμӵͷ
Сأͨ̽ʢĹģˣҲܸŪƱԭ򡣡
ĺٴοڣʮ˷ܣҲڲˣңʢ罫кܶȨӵܲμӣպ˻᳤ĶɣӽŴѧҵˣ׼عչʢһ֮һ֮⣬̽ͷҼ̳;˵ҲҪμӣС
裬ͷϷҰɡ
ĺһĹӸ磬û۷Ź⡢ȻĶЩͷˡ
ãһͷ䣬úÿùΡ
ĺ첢֪룬һ㽵Ҳܹ͡ĹӸ磬Ҳ㽫ͣʯʲڣҪᣬȨӵܣûиʡĲǣʲڵĲǡ
裬ЩҶϼˡ
ٴδĸĺĻͬʱһҪμʢĻᣬ¹ĸ׵ĸ׵ģǿסˣҪԷˣȹˡ
Ѿͷôˣ𣿡
ĺڲŮصĲੲݵ˵ţѹҶ˵绰
ǻȥô
ͬʱֻȻطȻ¾߽˲һ̲סԼ
ᣡ
һ̣صӿֳ˴𰸡
Ϊ֪ÿ궼ʢαȻҲǰȥμӡ
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ľ飬ֻҪȻ¾ֵĵطط綼֡
뵽ЩԭʧͻȻתһЩʼЩڴԭɥʧȤʢˡ
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ǵѧǿطǴүһڲǰλŮ˲ˡ˷ʱֻһֻռ̤
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ط˷ĽʺĿӶֻţֻĻʾ硣
塣
ط統½ȿڣ𾴡
ĳݣĵΪˣֵ𾴡
С磬㰢̽Ҫ³Էɡ⣬СȻҲϣ¸С˵Ŀżɽ˵绰Ŀġ
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ط粢ûѯҪԳ¾˵ʲôǵһʱӦ
ϼ
΢΢һЦȻҶ˵绰
ˡ
͵ֻ׼뿪칫ҵʱ򣬿һ硣
ˡ
պ˻᳤ҵ̵
᳤
˵֣üͷǽͨ˵绰
Сģּ˲ǣʲô᳤᳤ģǸǡ绰ͷ˹˵
Ϊպ˻᳤Ҽһֱĸùϵ뽫պ˻ᡣ
һֱδԸʼûзÿδ绰׽
᳤𣿡
֪˵˾֮ģΪʼ֮䱣ž룬˿Ϥ׽Ļʡ
ðɣҵմУͲ硣
˹Ƶ˵ţȻģȮӺˣһֱܾҺöأһ棬Ľ̻塣ҾĥӲݣֻúƤԶٷ㣬԰һ£
˼᳤ҽ¡ĺܸɴؾܾˡ
Сģ𰡣ȨӣҶûҼǸСӡľܾЩãǲԸ
Ǹ᳤ҽȷʵȥˡٴξܾ
ǺðɣǸԼһΣҪٴαľֻܾ÷
Ϊͨĵͻжϳ£ǹѡ
֣Ĳ𣿡
ɽׯһΪҴٵɣɫѿعҶϵ绰̲סʵ
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٣ҿǹڰڼӣ
Щˬˣռҿʼ·ˣ治֪ڰʲôףܹԷǸӣ
ҲļӴ󣬶ĸԭѧݽٳԸ⣬һҪѧоμ롣ҡҡͷ
֣ȻˣΪʲôҪƼأЩ⡣
䲻Ը;̳丸ھ裬ǻľδ̩ɽ̨һЩ߻ίᣬ㲻Ҳصο֮⣬ԾƵжϣ쳣׼պҪӹҼպ˻ᣬ˱ҪύҪúýύ˽͵
Ȼֳѧߴ򽻵Ȼô˵һ취
ԣ֪еϵ׼ȷ˵Ķպ˻ã¸ı˿һŵ˵ţүүǰȢǸҿˡѾˣռƱػ˥ˣûʸˡ
Ĵҹ㣬黭ͨɫʶǶ⣬뱱ߵҴСȷû뷨͵ؿԼһۣЦ˵
ŮɫҲֻ˴ڽӴĹߣŮеţҲֻǰװΡ
ɰȻжΨȨͲƸ֮
ɣȷʵˡһο
ĸҰĲ
ѾҪʢ磬պ˻һĴ죬̽Լ



309 ˵Ӱ
Ϧ£ƻ轵٣԰ЩľĿݻҶ΢紵䣬ڵϣΪԺһɫĵ̺ӲӵһƬΪ԰һķ羰ߡ
ͬʱҲ԰˼ɪϢռңʼ·ˡ
԰ĳǰصеģ緼һæ
Уժˡϴˣ緼вˡϣһΪ׼
˶ҪְǳæµΪһʱ䣬Ҳ˷ǳܵĶʱ⡣
գɴؾܾˣ᲻᲻ף
緼һвˣһ߿ʵѵ֪˸Ĵ绰ĳԷ顣
ʲô׵ģѾ֪ͨǣҪԷʱȥԷοǳԷҲȥԷ˼ֲǲ֪ɫ
ҵȻ֪ҲɴؾܾǺģռǲҪ鷳緼̾˿Щġ
ʷƾãڹȥ֮Уһֱպĸ壬νǳϰĳ
ƿŻ̽պ˻ᣬڳʶ֮ƣԶռҿɱȵġ
ĵʱҵݽȨ࣬Ҳ˿ѷɫռҡ
ˡӰбҪ˵һˣྩǼλˣҲȥȥɫ
㰡ֱͷЩѲŰˡ緼Ц
ѲŰΪѧ߱ӦѧоϣһͶ򣬱ᱻȨԻ˫ۣٸѧʧȥġҡҡͷ
⻰Ҳû㲻ܷϣλΪ緼˵ԼĹ۵㡣
λã㹻ܶˡ˵
ðɣȻû⣬ҾͲϹˡһӦҪˣҿʼŪˣȥȲɡ緼˵ţϵΧȹ׼³ˡ
ĵͷϴϴ֣뿪˳
ĶڵøˣСʱ󣬵ط¾Ȼһͬ԰ʱѳ׺ˡ
С簡㰢ܻ̿аСʱܺãȺȲ衣Ŀط˽ţЦվ
磬ҰֺȲɣȥ˵
壬磬Ҹһȥﰢ̡¾ҲҪȥ
ǶȥʲôȻһ£Сδ¹ֻ棬ҡ
һȥͿˣСȻɣ¸˵Ц˵
ĵĻ¾ȻڿЩҪ̸ʲô
һһʢڶٰ졣νʢ磬ǳ̽һʢᣬ˻μ֮⣬ѧҲμӡ
Ŀ¾Ȼܺ棬㿪żɽؽصȻʢͭζأҲѵõѧᡣС㵽ʱһȥʶʶһЩѧʦ
õģ塣
¾ͷƽ򶨣δܹμʢԡ
Ȼʱ򣬲μǰʢᣬǰۼŵĶ³췽Ʊػ㣬ҲҪòμӵ׼תͷȻ
壬һȥġ
Ȼ˵ͷطʧ֮ǰǱȻμʢᣬǻīȥ¶ҪıԼѾжȻҪȥμӡ
С磬ȥĻˡ
Ц˵֪طڶѧĿģȻ¾ȻȥطȻҲǻȥġ
˭
طЩɻ
־˵һ֣ȻֲͿҲȥ

ٴĵĻȻˡ
Ϊ־ֲİ෴׹
־ʶ׸ıΪ̽籱ľͷڻ̽Ӱ޴ǺܶүϿ͡
Ժŵ˵ʡķ⽮־ϯ飬Ҫ־г̰ţͨ뼸βԸ
Ȼ¾΢΢һ
þûˡ
ط΢΢һԺﲻֳǸϰߺ飬Լĸƨ档
֪ǣᷢܶ飬ǸС࣬񲻵׸֮ӵͷΣһͷҵɼȻһĿ࿴Ҳǻĸӵ֮ΪϺõĹӸ硣
Сʱ󣬵緼һļҳ˶ϲ֮鿪
ͬʱ
ϰھһۻᡣ
ۻķǸոջعҴ١ɡ
μӾۻȫǳ̽еĶӣҲֲѧ竣෴ǶǾӢ֪ѧѧԼ֣ѶϿʼҵ
Щѧϰ泬ܡ˯ģǵĹӸ磬ǿ۵ģҲû롣
Ȼ
һȺмĹӸ磬ΪۻᷢߵҲȫΨһĽ㣡
ΪҴ٣
ΪҵУŴѧǽŴѧķܵӢŮԽӼΪ䷢ʿѫ¡
Ǽ飬䶯Ӣģȫ
ΪлôУΪ⼮֮һʿѫ»ߣ
ʲôȤ𣿡
ۻеһʱɿʵ
ԣ֯ξۻᣬһΪ˸ҪٰʢԤȣԼͬʱ£ϵһ棬Ҳ˽ڳĵһЩ̬
٣Ȥɶˡ
ɵĻ£һӸΪ˱ֺ֣ɣһʱ俪ڣڳһЩ·׷˵˳
˵Ĵ鶼ǣط磬ַʧܣȸϳһ¡
Ǽ飬ֻڻȦֻڵӵܡ
ףô˵Щ飬ǸطļһйأӸĻЩɻ
٣֪ǸطȻֻǱڣѳΪǵˣ˵Ѿƿ˰ۼšһӸ˵
һ޷Ĳçô飬ܹڣһ漣
΢ЦŸ̾Цгź棬ǲм볰лᣬҵʶһ£Ƿͷۡ


310 ޲
ʢ磬ĸֳ˶ͳĻ⣬ϡϡϡϣֳ϶ۡ
ΪʢѳΪϰ̽Ķʢᣬ˴ʢĹģ󣬳˳ޱ֮⣬־ڵ̽ͷӰǰ
־ǽˣǽ̵ĺʱҹμӹʮĩǳս
ս־뿪ӣһͷ̺Ÿĸ￪ŵ˳ýԴƣΪ˽׸Ȼĩļ·󣬿˷زҵľ޴̻ú̿ԴҵͶزΪ˻ķز֮һ
˴Σ־μʢ磬Ϊϱ̽罻һ㣬ҲΪַ̺չһ־
Ȼͨ˶ԣʢ粢ûӰ׼ȷ˵ͨѹ֪̽һʢᡣ
Ϊʢ籣ԼߣϽκýԱ᳡ϽμԱֳƬСƵӰϴϡ
ʢ绹ʱ򣬳¾Ϊμӻ׼¾ҪϤ˽μӴ˴ʢѧϡ
Ȼʼעۼŵҵ񣬲ǰۼܲīͳ׼˸ϡĿʼıԼˣǴӸ濪ʼı䡣
һ£طֱֹֻԳ¾Ȼʩһһı
ƻʱ֣ڰۼűȻͬʱŮԳڵľСѧѾѧ
ְҪÿ춼Ҿͺˡ
ѧ֮ԳͬѧһͬŶ߳ѧУſڣķվԶȴְֽ֪첻ˣ̲ס̾˿оʧ䡣
죬Ϊط¾Ȼȥ԰òͣѵϢʱ䣬ŮԳѧҴԳԷֳ棬Գȹһҹ

Գ̾ͬʱǰһ긾ŮԳ֡
йԳеıķ̣ũ壬ԳճӺѧѧĽ͡
̡
ݵ̾Գ¶΢Цֱܵǰ
ɰǱ裬ëëףԼһ

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Сס
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С׸һ˽һˣѳΪС顣
ÿ븸ףǸĮĵĸ׵ʱᱧС˵ĻС棬Ȼͻúܶࡣ
īģ˵ط統ҪӣΪһаŵúܵλԳŪ˶֪СѧھѧУ׵ĵطһ׼۸񰺹ѧ
ʮӺ󣬱ķԳССˢ¥ţȻ׼ݡ
ǰվһŮеʱеĪɷͣʯϻһֵƵİٴֱ
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״ЩؿԳһۣǰһĻӰ쵽ԳԳעȫСϣ

ܿ죬һ죬Ŵ򿪣Ůֹͣᣬ໥§Žݡ
ԳԳǣСףҲһͬ˽ȥ
װģ㿴⹷ó󰡣ëӲ˵۾ġŮĵؿСס
ǶȽ֪죬ƾݺĺͳ걣۰Ƥ켣Ǯ֮䣬ÿųԳԷΡ˯˯ǧһνѪͳ
˹𣿡
бСһۣ˳Ҳһ۴ĹԳ

ӵĻ£ٴδͣ£§Ůȥ

ʱС׽һȻǰһˣǰצץŮĳͲѥϣŮСȡ

ͻһĻŮһУʶغһȻعţС׾һߣ㣡
ءء
СױŮߵðæ˵Գ
ԡԲ𣬽㣬ǹġ
ԳæС׻סŶֻŵŮǸ
ԲֵǮ֪һ˫ѥӶǮ𣿡ŮżɤŭǸо޲ýСˡ
С㣬Բ𡭡
״ҲæǸ
ž
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⣿ʲô⣿˹ôŮŭĿɡ
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Գŵü
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㣬Ҫ
Գ˺ѷεĿͬʱסӵȣߡ

ŭһȻһŽԳ߷ڵأԴײڵϣ顱һ졣
һкšءеСף߳ݣȻԵĴֱӽСȥ
ССף
Գ˺ѷεؽţˮʪǷϳž
Ӷݺݵص˹ԳһۣȻ§Ůֺȥ

æԳԳˡ
װģҪˣҴȥϲʲôʲôһߣһߺȰ
ҾˣСôҲߵСˣôУŮ޵
ᣬܶϲӣûʵȴΪ˺ӵţʡԼѧղԾΪǵ˵
ⲻԲ𣿡Ůм
ˣҪӰǵ顣ŮȻóԿףʼš

һߣԳĿధ£Գ¥£С׻ѪڲƺԱߣһ
ԳߵԱߣСѾˡ
Сף
Գʹޣ֪ΪǣƣĹȣֱ˹ȥ

ŵɫףȻ󾪻ŵرԳ¥صסԳڴϣͨĵ绰
Դ磬ˣˡ
ţɿؽղһи
㲻Ҫţ˵120ҽԺͬʱļҽԺϣ
Ļɫ˲䣬ܿš
һУͨطĵ绰
̹٣Ҫټ죬׼
绰ͨȿڣƺƽʵż޷εĵǺͷŭ
Ը磬ʲôˣ
طе쳣ͬʱҲף¼ԲԼ绰١
̹٣ˡ
˵Լؽط硣
Ը磬֮Ǿγֱӽ͵455ҽԺ֮󣬸Ҵ绰ϵΣͬʱҲҽԺϡ
طüͷһۣһһ֣ҪżӵĺǣҲۣ


311 ҲУ
طͨ󣬻ɱŷʮֺˣȴ쳣侲ûֱӳţǲͨīĵ绰
磬ԸǱҪҪలżֽȻ͵԰ҲСȥ԰ͷ
绰ͨطȿڣƽȴһӹɵĸо
õģС硣
īط޷ѹƵŭ⣬һʱӦſʵԶӳǱ߳ʲôˣ
Ů˴ˣĿǰ455ҽԺˡ
طԼ˵ԵɣȻֵ磬ȥһ¾Ȼֶסֹߡ
õģȥ졣īٴεһʱӦ֪Ҫԡ
Գԣĸαȫ
طǽֵԴģ
Գ˴ˣƲطԣζʲôī
οԴʶطټطŭڴ绰ʱеŭⶼ޷Σ
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֪455ҽԺͬҽԺһӪҽԺӲʩһõӪҽԺ֮һ
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Ҷ˳£ҴĹȣѩ֮Ȼŭ
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˵ţɨһۣұ֤ӽҹʼټĻģҲû֮أ
飡
ȻɳвĻѩŵûһȻֱӹڵأͷĵԡԲҲû뵽
飡飡飡
˵䣬ѩΪܹõɵԭ£һؿͷʮ
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죬ɶûпڣûȥؿͷĵһۣһ˲
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绰Ұ־Ǹط鲻ƣ޷ˣȱܿķâ͡
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ĻЦһ٣ΪټңҲңպ˻ᣡ
ǵģʱҰЩ˵ˣţ˵ʲôܹܰĿɽȫȥȫûнټҡպ˻Խ˵Խ޲̽طҡ
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һһæʢ飬㣡ʱаۼţʹۣ


317 Ը
ÿ˶ԼȦӣÿҲȦӡ
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ڳ޵˶ԣζμʢ硣
ǳ̽ʢᣬǸȦҲǳ̽Ȧӣ
ʢ統죬޵֪۶ǵҼûаµġ
вٸǵĺӣƽ̨ǵĺ࣬ڳǰ죬ͬʱҲ֮佻
˳޵֪֮⣬磬Ϊ˴ʢαĻ̽ͷ֮һ־Ҳִ˶ס֪˹Ƶꡣ
־͸ӶסƵ겻СʱΪ˴ŶɵŰݷá
ܣӭĵô˴ζʢԣҲΪ췽պ˻ҡ
ΪҼպ˻᳤˼־ȿڣʮ飬̬ڵúܵ͡
һ棬ΪҪҪԭǣ־ǵ̽ľͷ֮һʲݺ͵λܹᲢ۵ġ
仰˵ұ˵˵̲֮⣬涼
ܿˣҲˡ־֣˵
ܣνȮӣҰڿ˲ãҵĲҵ̳Уһͷҵ÷ˮ𣬼ûиţѳΪһıˣֵѧϰֹ˽ĿͶͣЦſ佱
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ɰ˵㣬ӢܵӢŮʵԽӼӢŮʰ䷢ʿѫ£ʱνǺ䶯ȦǺη־ͬɸ˸߶ۡ
ˣֻöѣⲻӢ첻ȥˣͷܻˡֵܣ̶̼ʱ䣬Ϊҵľͷ֮һɾ˾塣
׸̽ͷ֮һ־ǷΪҴٵĽʿһֵʮǫѷֵܣҸջعڣܶ鲻̡
ǸˣҲûʲôţƵƾֺܽ龫ӢӣͲ䲻ȵ˵
ϲɵ˵ʽ
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ܲܲȥˣʵڲϲֿȥһʿȫŮαӵļһ򽻵¼˷ЩϣҲȥһӸȶپơʮӺ󣬵˴ɸǺЩƵ˵
еġӸ硯ǱˣҶҴҶ
Ϊ־طĸսѵĹϵʹСطʶˣ˳Ҳʶ˵طΪ׵ȺԺӵܡ
طʧİÿ궼ȺԺӵܾۻȾƣ֮⣬ҲҶۣҶĹϵá
СμӴ˴ʢ磬ʶǵĸǵĺӵΣҪʶȺѧߡ
־ܸɴؾܾȻѵȺѧȻûйپӸλھӰԴƺ߰պ׼ڸɵ飬δǰΣ˵ǵĽͿǺҪġ
ðɣҾ͵ʢˣȥһӸ硣
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һξʱྩؼҵһսϾȹؼҶǷ顣ΪˣºؼҸܴ֧֡
ԭˣ˵أһݸͥôܷչزɻȻ
ǸͣҲ־жİһҲ˵ǰ㲻ͨ־ؼҵĹϵʶһྩǵĴԺӵܣ
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Ȼ
֪ĶɣѾųݻҪͱȺԺӵеġͷ硯ʹۣ֪᲻ֽ


318 ߾ȹ
ҹλֽ·ߺ֣ѵ·Ǵӽ궫·̲ǴȻ󴩹̲̲ҹ
˴ʢĵǴڽ궫·̲Ǵ㣬ȫġߺš
ߺŹȫڶӪ̻ʼҼձ޹˾ȫʮ֪֮һҲǻ̫ĺ֡
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ӣʢ绹Сʱʱɰ丸ɵĶǰ˺ߺֵ֣ͼٴϸؽ˴βμʢԱϿһ顣
һΣ⿴Щ̽縻ϣҲЩŮϡ
ؾ֮ǰ˵ǸŮģţţͻȻʵ
ͼյģ֮⣬һꡣ
޽ܣɵͬѧѳΪɵĸࡣ
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޽ܵͷصĸҰֹ˾βܼࡣһȦӣƤҰָŪһҰ־ĥӲݣⶪңֻúƤ㿪ˡ
ȷůֲŴӦģ
ɲмһЦ˼κʱ򣬶ĽǶ룬سûúõĻҲǷ̴档
Ӧòᡣ
Լĸ׿̣Ϊ޽ûֻҡͷ񶨣ͬʱЩɻᷴڣһû׽ˡ
ˣҲǿɫ˳һʡȻԱ֮ûʱʵһҼȻӦˣȻҲᷴڡ
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ǵģ٣ϵϢ׼ȷ޽ܵͷ
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٣ʵ̫ĻֶκܸߣԴ뼷ᣬҲǺϲԸ࣬ϵ죬˽ⲻ̫
޽ͣȻ뵽޽ܱ豻Ƶ¥飬٣ͨǸش̽ȻǸطϢ
̽ϢĻҡҡͷ
٣㣿޽Щ⡣
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Ǹط磬Ȼֵ̬ʧȥۼţҲֻһˣԸҲ׵ö࣡
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ЩˣݡλԺգѧڼȡ˰˵ĳɾͣ԰ԸԸ
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֮⣬Ȼר˸ط繺һװװºƤЬ
Ȼ֪ط粻ЩҲҪЩԼȻôˡ
ΪϣһЩۿ˵͵ļһʢ϶طָָ㡪ǻˬ
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鷳쵼ͨһ£̫࣬ΣգҪб߱Ȼü˵
ǸС㣬ǹ涨֮ǰЩȫ˹涨ڰȫ⣬صģҹڼ䣬ǰкб֮⣬Ҳжרҵѵıڣ𱣻˵İȫ
ҪΪǣʵĻϵ١
´󺺺ܸɴҡҡͷϾܾȻ顣
һ棬˵׼˴ͱʢĹ涨
ΪҪǣӵָʾȻıطˣȻԸɴ绰ϽǴ


319 ƻ
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ܿģǴڣЩɻʵ
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ΪˣǴ󣬾úģһ˼װ壬ط˺ֱˡ
û뺯Ȼͷϣûлشص˼㿪ڽ͵

ȻĻһȻĵ˵ʶ췽ˣ绰ܲӸ
ˣֱ췽
Ȼܾˣһֱصӡ󶼲ãҲһֱڿԶǷ顣
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̾˿Ȼ͵͵طһۡ
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绰ͷѾǴҺѧһģӵطĵ绰ǼԼȻɿ˵ھȥ췽
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ŵӵʱ򣬽ֵľźšʮżװϾоƻᣬҲǱʢص㣬λҪ˲μӡ
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طٴεлȻŮ봬ա
Ӻҹܻһ
ʲôҲǸ˵𣿳ǰۼŶ³ȻҴ绰ԲıڵǴôıˣһջضһѵ
ϼŶֹ˾񲿾רŸ˾ĽӴڣΣרŸ˴ʢĽӴ
٣ұǰҪԸģղŽӵܵĵ绰ڵ绰ңǸطǴҾ˷ˡ˽͵
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طϵķȻҪԷ͡
ڵĻĲķֵڲǰϰ˸ʳȥûʲôθڣԵú١
MMPֻųʮ֮һأ˵ǸУ껪ĲߣûУӸȥߣơأ
ţţͰѿһˤû˵ţȻͻȻ뵽ʲô̲ס̾˿滳һ⴮ơƵʱⰡҲ֪ڲӺʲôʱܼ



320 ޣԼ
˵ӵʱɫѾ׺޴ĺߺŻʻڻֽϣƹ貣ԶԶȥһƶĳǱʱʱϵǾóֻաСƵ
ߺŵĲ軰ʽʼˣ̽Уѧǣ׷ȺؾһŲԣ衢졣
ۣɴŲȺɫЬܹѵŮӴڲΪǷ
ģƤ̱ðףտĲա
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ͬʱΪ˴ʢߺǵˣԼĶɣʼһһشкɽܸˡ
һĻһЩƾ踸ʲۺݽϸ߶ҲμӲ軰Ů׷¶Ľʺ޵ı顣
Ȼʸ߽ҲֻԼĸԣʶ븸׹ϵϺõ̽УʶеĲλԱ˵㡣
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ѵԼԼһ׼ȷĶλͬʱӵõ̬
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323 
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Ƕ˵طĴ¼Ҳû뵽طȻΪأֱӺɽа壡
ͬʱصĽٴκݺһж档
صģƵұ¥һûأˣΪҺպ˻𣿡һضط磬ȵ
ԭʹ豨طͰۼ㣬ֻΪ˽ȻͰۼŵ󣬸ı˲ԣƶ߾ȹļƻ
Ȼðڻؾ룬ƶļƻ𣬶طֵڳ޽ܣҸа塣
⡭ֱŭˣ
ŭͬʱҲ֪Բ෴ʲôعһŬù޷Ϊպ˻һΪЦ
Ȼˣһ㡣
طԭжɹװ֪Լ֮Ĺڣ˿ɵĻһ֮ǰȻΪµɵ˼
صģΪֺãͿΪΪŭ
кܶ˸˵ͬĻеˣеĲˣѡһ֣طص
һعܶ˵¼ʱһţڷˣĺܿ񡣡
ɽ˫ȭŭϣܹжʮרҵѵıڣǶǹ֧ŲţֻҪһǻڵһʱϹѣ
ط΢΢۾ϲвһֱˡ
ô
ۿط粻ҿˣЦˣЦúſ񣬡صģҲѡѡǸ˵һλȥҲѡڸҹ¿ͷϴ
ɣ򰡣˭͵ӣôҷ˵
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326 ̯ϴˣ
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ͽطͨ󣬱һ·СܸŲľƻֳѳ̵ľóˣͷ󺹣
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327 ֪η
Ǻǡ
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Ϊط͹ϵУѵط磬Ҳܰô
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ͷڵĻڣԼͬضطϹ
ַʽطϴطܹһ

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㡭ǡ
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ͷڴ¶طл͵תһŭسɺ
ģӲˣ
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ɵƣĵһŵʧȥˣǲҪĵڶŵơ
ЦˣǿһϷƵģҪҸղ˵Ļ̯ϴˡұ֤˺ܿ⣡
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Ȼ֪µǰؼҵ˽⣬طıֽλϽĳĺԺؼ˾ԻҳԲ˶ߣ
ʲʲôô
Ȼ־ĻһŵĶվﲻٿ
Ҳǡ
־˵ͷȻΪ˷ֹ⣬Ҫֹ顣
ţߣȥ˵
ĵͷȻ־һ˱µˡ
ܣҺУмҪ˵
ܿ죬־ߵȺУ־ǰѹ˵
λʧһ¡
ԣЦŶЩ̽縻˵һ䣬Ȼ־һԡ
ܣУʲôˣ
˿־ĵɫЩѿ̲סʵ
ܣӺһط˳ͻϵıڣطҪ˽ط綪ֽ
־Լ˵УǡöʶλطˣԽһȥֹ鷢롣
ô飿
ԣһƺЩԼӻֳ嶯飬Ȼߣȥ
ܣҪ㣬Ǹط磬ྩؼңĿڲ䡣
ʲʲô
˽һһͷԵڵء
ŵˣ


328 Ӵ
ĵ˶ǲߺ춥˵·ߣҲһҪ˽ߣͬʱܵﳯҰеĹү򣬺ܶʱһߡһֽģһҵһҵ˥䡣
仰˵һҵķչ뽨ڷҺĻϣǻ˱صһ򣬷ҵʢһʱҲվᱻ̭
ΪҼպ˻᳤˸һ㡣
ҲΪʲôöɰݷģͬʱҪ͸ùϵԭ
˿̡
һĴˣԼǵԴŨҺɫؼʱıŵˣ
ȻһĴ壬ͬʱҲպ˻ĺģʱۺ񣬵ؼȣûŵһȽϣ
Ҫ˵ؼҵؼҵһҪְĺĳԱҸģ
һ£Ǵпܻᵼ˥䣬
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Ӧûǵڿ֮ǰ绰һ˵ǴɣǸ˾ط磬ྩؼ̫ү簮Ľ͵

ԣֻԴЩΣЩڡ
ʢȻǳϰ̽񼫸ߵʢᣬྩؼҶԣ㲻ʲôؼܹǰλᣬպ˻ңҲʢĽ
ʵȴǣΪؼ̫ү簮طΪû뺯ܾǴɸط緢ͻط
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ͬʱҲ뵽вһ棬æ˵У㵱ʱǸ˵ǸطǰۼŶ³Ȼıڰ
ΪһЩԭݲҪ߶ȱܡ
ͣȻѵҲ˵Ժ󲻵Ҫֹ鷢ұݽбܣҪĶ֮⣬֪Ӱ쵽жͼƻк˵ҳе
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Ӻһȣȳ嵽˾Ųװľƻֳ
֮ͬǰһʮһ·ܹģԲ嵽ֳ󣬴죬ȷһͷԵڵء

һ̩ɽҼպ˻᳤ˣҴҵس嵽ƻֳֳ˲䰲ЩӸ硢ǧСǷ׷׾Ŀɿڴ
ѵͬ˵̯ϴˣ
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ʮǰ͹ȣʳʱҲû
𾪵ͬʱͻȻӿֳǿҵĲи֮ǰ˵һУпܻΪʵ

𾪶ͬʱ˳Ⱥֳ޺±ڣͺط綼Ȼվ˲ɳ˿
뵽֮ǰѣûֱӶطǸǺֱ˶ɡ
֣֡ôˣ
˺ξѣѿʵ
ž
ӦɵһĶ⣡
˼ߵǰ˦־һƣ
Ϊطܹȫ㽫ɴڵأ

һĻЩӸ硢ǧС㣬Ȼ¾ˣɵˡ
Ǹղͨ˵ķ֣Լжϳ˵һлΪʵжһЩ׼˵ڳɶʱǻǱˣ
ɳױˡ
Լ˻þ
Ϊţĸףᵱô˵棬⣡
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Ϊʲô
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ɽĻ˵ڣĶٴ
˷һǶ⣬ɵϣֱӽɳ鷭ڵأ
⡣
Ӵӡ
͵ԤԳΪʵ


329 ټ٣սս
˼Ҵҵˣ˵Ҳ˵Ļᣬۡ⣬ǽһɾ䡣
һУ׾ЩӸ硢ǧСȻغͳ¾ˣ
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˵ͬʱգһ۾
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Ǹʵ̫Ҫˣ״һѣҪ
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Ǽһֱ̫թˣʵ̫ԩˣװװƣ

ط뿪ԭľƻֱֳЩӸ硢ǧСǷ׷׷ԼĿΪɴ򱧲ƽ
ߣǿţǸط˳һ㲻ʮ塪ˮʯ֮ʱ֮ʼ
󣬾͵۷׷׵ͬʱ޽һѪģվ˵ţоԹޡ
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Ҹұ֤ò˶ãǸطᱻֽι㣡
˵ص书̫ϵıڶҶûֽܰԿ϶ҺҾԲ

޽ܵĻЩӸ硢ǧС۵øˣ׷׼طҪꡣ
ܱסط𣿡
ͬʱȻЩǣԼ¾ˡ
ûлش
¾˶üͷһĵǡ
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ʶػصȻȻ뵽ʲôɫʱ䣬һŵѡѵྩؼҵˣ
ؼλĿԪ簮ѹ˵
⡭ôܣ
Դһˣһڣ˹ȥ


330 ûô
ҹܻһҸǰˣȴط硢ĺ־͸ӵĵ
üͷ壬üĿָǳ
Ұףֲͷ
֪طʵݺŵȷ·߲ȣ˼βҪˤüӡ
֣Ǹô죿
ɿˣ˰İЩ
µ񣬲Ǿô죬ǿǸطô̾˿
һع˵¼˵һгرֶκˣ᲻ңطЩ¼ŵû
ΪҴٵһξԼô
һ̣˿ڣ⴫˽Ų

ˡɸӶŲ˵ֱվǾֲģﷸҪȴƵġ

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ǸֲģЦһԸԿϲʹˮ

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ʮһĶƻ貣ưɽ֯ϰ볡ҹ뿪ưɣǻǻؼң§ھưϵȥƵ󴲣Ҳнư׼μ°볡ҹǡ
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ȻȻɿط磬Ȼطӣᣬᶨ˵ط磬رررϲ㣬һҲ뿪㡣ԣҲʲôݣ۷ʲô飬Ҷ׷㣬Զᣡ


334 ӣ
ǰ׸֮ͺպ˻᳤֮ʢϷͻΪ˱ﱱңѡϢˣڴ˶ɶ⣡
Ȼڳϰ죬˵֮⣬޷ͱҿ⡣
ɵҿսһ棬ΪҪǼɵұĺɫ

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335 ̹
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Ȼҳ˸йϵ֮⣬һһδޡط̾˿ȫг

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δ
ٰܸܸ꣬ʱ䣬ܸˣ
֪ǣһֻεĺ֣׼ƿˣӶıطˡ


336 Ĺ
ߵӵʱ򣬳¾⿪Χȹӳ߳˽յ³
СĢͷײ˳ľ
ĳ¾˰˸ˣһһ˵ҪԲȡ
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Ϊ˵طƺִʲôҪܣΪط绹ھС
ĳ˵ҲӲӡ֤ˣΪطȥǰֵܽͬһɢɳҪ˵ȡů˴֮ϵ࣬Ϣͨ䲻

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š
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ӼȻҡĻҴС𣿡
ݿʻԺͻȻ뵽ʲô̲סڴҴСҫѹҶӷǸ֪ߵغļ˰


337 ʦ
峿ʱīϴ׼гܡ
⼸ɵһϰߣرش飬ÿ춼С
һ棬һʼעΪҪǣԴ֮ÿͶѵõദʱ䡣
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338 գ
ϸۻڹȥУһֱȫĻҲȫڶαΪȫѻȫԼ190㣬100Һչ˾ڻӪˣÿṩ1100ຽࡣ
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Ȼ
׽Ūˣܸīˡ
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һУ³߽Ժ1У¥Ƕӵķš
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ѩĻŮĿɿڴҿȴڴԼĽҴСܹһΡ


341 
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342 
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ߵ˵ţȻЩɻ󣬡ҾˣΪۼŵʱǶΪʲôҪ԰ۼų֣ѵеʱҾӰ첻󰡡
⣬Ȼ÷ɵԸҡطĻ
ԭˣ̫ôˣ
ͻȻ̲סһ䣬ȻЩĵʵӣô
ȻҪǾҪ׼
طۣڣɭ


343 һ
ۼܲλڶҵ½죬¥ɣǰ¥Ϊ9㣬ʰԲΣ¥19㣬һ20ƽס
¥¥㶼9ŨصŰ۷񣬾ͬĳƺһ
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հ˵ʮ֣طʻ˹˹Ӱ˰ۼܲ
ȻطΪȻͰۼ˺ܶ飬ѳΪۼŵػ񣬵⻹һεۼܲ
ƺΰİۼܲ¥ʱطؼңС鵱࣬Ҳ̾
Ϊ¥ŰۻԻ͵һΪݸӵײѪŵ˵ʬǣһλӵ¥վ˶ҹֻۣܱ֮ԼУ׷ɽĵȫˣҪۼţ
³
طȻ߽¥ʱſڵıһʱʺãüĿָȴŨŨĵǡ
ȻѾ˵˰ۼŷ飬ķӰ졣
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ۼԱʵдգ
طȻ뼯Ŵ¥ʼÿһˣְλߵͣϾǳŵǣ
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ۼţдɶ¾ֳԱ19¥Լר칫ң֮⣬ңһС
˵ʮ֣طȻ19¥Ļʱ򣬰ۼвϵĹԱˣʮˡ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

طȻ̤ң᳡˲ԼͬؽĿͶطȻˡ
ΪۼвϹԱǶ˵ط磬֪طΪۼһУ˻ĿطŰ۵ϣŹſͷڣȻֽŹ͵УΪۼŲҷȻ˳̳Ű۵ĲƲ
Ϊˣǿط֮һҲþȡ
˵עУȻֱߵΪ׵λطȻֱߡīλã
ŰۻŵʱīŰīȻʼעҵ
Ȼ˫źľĻĿɨˣؿϵĿֻźͲ
һĻȻüͷøˣȴǰ㷢£һء
ܣ˶𣿡
ڣȻĿֵڶλϣǸ΢΢Щʵ
죬ꡣ
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Űīܴ֣쳤꿰īұۣȫЭīĹ
Ȼһ֪ʶ쳤꣬ûгƺ壬ǵ쳤ְ
īϵĵһÿΡ
ְ˽˹ϵһҪֿΪһ쵼ڹϣǿʱһҪƺְȷ¼ϵԼš
³˾иܡܼࡢ»顢ֹ˾žӦ47ˣʵ47ˡ쳤꿪ڻӦ
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Ȼԣ΢΢ףȻֱӣ˫ѹŻ׼ʼ顣
ţ
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֪Ȼſʼעۼŵġ
̶ʱڣȻӦ˶³ɫܹڰۼŷش֮Լŵĸ߹ʱôãЩԤϡ
顪
һ̣ȻʽʼһְҵװŮŶ룬߽˻ҡ
ī㲻в㣬ݡλۼʮԺգŰ󣬸ˡ
ţ
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ղһϵ˼Ŵ¥ɽڲšš˾ŵȶŵĳԱɡ
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֪ˣ֪ͨǵҰ칫ҡ
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ˡ
һ̣ȻֻԲܼࡣ
³ڸղţж˼ܲʽ˻Ҳ˸ֹ˾˻ܼ࿴ݺɫ䣬Ȼ㱨

ۼЩвϵĹԱԭΪīĻԵøӿֻţ˿ܼĻֱסˡ
ۼҪˣ
һ̣мӿֳһֻŵͷ

Ȼվȥͬ¶˿ֻźͽ
µٻαװҲ޷αװȥˡķչѾȫƿطΧ
᳡Ψһ侲ֻط磬ȷΪ׵ĺ춦󣬾ԤеֻǸʼ˿̵һӡ֤Ĳ²⡣
Ȼȥһµˣǵɡ
˶޴ʱط翪ˣȻļڡ
š
ȻãȻصͷȻվ
֨
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ɲǼ䣬ѻȸаۼвϹԱһؿˡ
С㣬Ӻܴһѣ
Ϊ֮ɨһȦңĿͣȻϣ
Ǹλ쵼
ȻԽŵؿڣͼʲô
Ȼ
ΪѹȻᣬֱȻĻۼ漰ΥӪ°乫˾˽ι˾ӷǷĳֹ˾ǷӪֻõӰϴǮ
ڰۼΥӪسۼŵ飬鳤ż͡
żͳһһĿǰѾ˰ۼŵʽ˻϶԰ۼΥӪиһ顣
Ϊ˷ֹ룬ڵ֮ǰۼԱϽ뿪Ϊ˾ˡɶͶ¾ϯ㣬ɣʮСʱǵĵ顣
С㣬Ǿ֤㱻ˣ
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ৣ
طۼֿ죬һѷסȻֹ
Ȼߣǵĵ飬齻ҡ
طȻȻųſֻźӣڣ쳹ңұ֤ò˶ãᰲȻس


344 û˿˽
Ļطͬը죬þòɢ

ϻصطĻطһŵı飬ǰۼŵĳԱǰۼЩвϵĹԱȫסˡ
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ο֮Լ˵εྩһɿµƶһȻĿԾ͸Сˣ˵ϣѹڡλ޴ǣ
ڰۼвϵĹԱԣȻΥӪĸˣǶǰۼŵĹǸɣ֪ۼһЩΥӪ飬ֻǶھ̺Ļ
һ£ǶڵԱ˵ۼЩΥӪһҲеɣ֪϶Ӧ֤ݡ
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һȻ˵طЩ˲ŵ¼ҲΪطԽȻȳطܹٴȰۼţ
ΨȻط硣
ΪԴʶططûƭ
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ĳԱһֿ׳յĿ⿴ط磬Ŀеĳû˿Ρ
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׼ط֮ǰ˵ϵĵ鹤
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ৣ
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ûд𰸣ܿģۼʵȨߵ쳤ڣ˶ȺĿͶط硣
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֪ȻСȻ̳ŰµĲƲΪ˰ۼĹɶ˺Ͷ¾ϯûв빫˾Ӫ;ߣڹ˾鼸һ֪
ۿվط翪żɽʵСҪ𣿡
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һ
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˵ֱһ㣬Ź˾ǷΥӪֻһ㡪ӹ˾ΥӪǷ˼Ź˾˻͡
ܼԻشһ𣿡طٴʵ
ӹ˾뼯Ź˾ȫϷһҲΥӪʽһҿԱ֤һŽ۾Ůվһŵ˵
һ㣬ҲԱ֤
ŮӵĻ䣬쳤ҲˣΪۼŵĺĹǸɣŰ󣬵ιīұۣڼָƣЩΥӪ⡣
ۼŵĻɫҵҲЩΥӪ벢ûн뼯Ź˾Ŀַͨʽˡ
ô˵ۼŹ˾Υô
طüͷɿֻҪȻеΣҪýöࡣ
˵ġ
쳤˵ͷȻԥһ˵ͽ췢̫ͻȻΣⱳ϶ָʹܹţ¶ԸǰۼţĻָʹ߾ǳˡһĻܶͲ˵ˡ
ܣ˵ֱһЩطԼµʲôܿ϶㿪ѡ
ҵ˼ǣָʹ㹻ĻȫһЩְԱ˽һڵĿ˵ɰ׵ģ׵Ҳ˵ɺڵģǷΥȫƾһ졣쳤˵ţüĿָŵǡ
Ҳһĵǡ
ǶϿ쳤Ļ
Ȼǲ֪ĻָʹߵǺηʥǿԶ̶ʱڶ԰ۼ֣Ǹ˵϶ʮֲֿ
λģû˿˽
һųŵǱףطٴοˣ󣬵ն


345 

طնĻ쳤ڣаۼвϵĹԱסˡ
Ϊطһһ˼飬һһδ棬һΪطˣô˵˿Ļ
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Ƕ֪طЩ¼֪طųǿֵҲûһطĻ
ϾۼµǿֵܹģҲǿܹġ
ط罫˵ķӦ۵ףûĽ͡
Ȼ֪ۼ֮󣬰쳤ڶĻ̻̣İۼŻǻʧҵǰҵ
һ£ۼҪһŶ裡
ղǾ仰Ҫ˳Զ裬𵽰ĵá
ȻҲֻ֪һʱ޷ͨʵжذۼŵû֮ƣõȰۼűЩ˾ͻǰ뿪ǻðۼűٶȼӿ죡
ڸղŷͻ¼ĻͲٿˣȻȥطٴο˵֪˵ȥʲô壬п𵽷á

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ܣۼĿǰĴܲã˵ԼŽʱ򡣡
һ뿪ҵ˹ϻҵźطȿڵʱĻ̻̣˶ڵļŻ군ǰ;δ
ǵģŶߣ״Ӿ硣쳤ͷͬʱطҪ˵ʲô
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˵ྩؼңҲ֪ྩؼڻĵλ
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һ̣˼һ㣬Ŀɿڴؿط硣
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֪Ϣ̫һ룬ҼȻྩؼҵˣΪʲôҪȥѧΪʲôҪȻڡ
쳤ķӦطԤ֮У쳤Ϣʱ䣬Ȼ󿴵쳤껺عּôҵɣʲôͲ˵ˡֻҪףҴӦŰۻúñŮҲӦȻڣ۸
һֱرػȻΪۼһһ¡
쳤ϻ𾪣ǸطӦòѣҲûбҪѡ
ͬʱҲ뵽طڶ̶һһ춯صĴ£һһµĵˣȴػڣҲ֤ط粻ֻǱӵǿֵô򵥡
ţô˵طͷ
ǽǸô
쳤һԼ侲üĿ֮ѾǣеֻڴڴطŤתǬ
һͬҸղ˵氲ģȶ档ڶָרˣһʦ鹵ͨЭžǿж䡣ط˵Լļƻ
䣿쳤겻⡣
û´Ļֵƻûд꣬ǵȶִеƺƶԵĶԲߡ
طͷ͵ڼ䣬Ҫйעһз紵ݶʱ˵
õģ쳤æ
ܣҸղ˵飬ʣµ齻ҡ
ط˵ţ쳤ųڴӣһһұ֤ۼŲ壡
һΣ쳤ѡ˳Ĭֻһڴؿط硣
ڴطŤתǬһ㵽


346 ʼ
乫˾ֹ˾ι˾ΥӪ⣬Աߣۼܲϵפɶ³Ȼߣ
磬ۼŵѸײڶ֮ƴ˻ģŻվý׷׶Դ½˱
ΪȻǹ֪Ůˣ¸¼ֱѡ
һʱ䣬ǻᣬͨϰҲԴ¼Ϊע
ȻΪݡλĲͬǶڴ˴¼Ŀ͹עҲͬͨϰֻƸ֧֡ۡʿڸһεĶ
ʲôҪԸۼţ
ۼŸô
ŰĽɽҪ𣿡

ʿڹע⼸⡣
Ȼ
ֱҹۼûκιٷӦҲûƶκӦʩ¼չ
ۼˣ
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ǿһɿµڱƶ˴¼ʧȥŰۡīİۼţмܣۼ㸲ֻ⡣
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һУЩطԤϣҲЩĿ࿴

ŵӵʱһϸ۷Ŀͻ׼ʱؽڶֶʻ
ط˾Э֮󣬱չˣصھͣƺԶĵطȴ
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Ѫֵͷط翪żɽ

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֪ܹأԣۼԸ֧ķá룬Խϸĵĵλ͹ϵҼԸյɱ˻ѡ
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طֻһ쳤ĵ绰½ȿڡ
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쳤꿪żɽ㱨˵ǣ޷εŭ𣬡Ŀǰյ֮вϹԱҪְǰϼְ
ģŶʱ򣬲Զ˾нˮһְλһĹȨڼΣǾ뿪ֱһȺİǣ
˵쳤ʵ̲סֱڵ绰
֪ˡ
طһ£ɣܣ֪ͨ˾вϹԱٿвϹԱ顣
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쳤һʱӦûطҪʲô
طҲûнֱͣӹҶ˵绰
ǵƴ˰ɡ
ϻ쳤ղ˵ĻɹˮײǰŹײʹ޵Σطо˸˵š
£ֻͨҶĵ绰
ӣֵܽãһˡ֪ͨǣǰڶۼܲʮ¥Ҽϣ
绰ͨطȿڣӹɣ˲Ҫǿ󡣡
ӣҪǰô
Ҷԣ˲µط⣬Ǵ˼Ѫһ
⣬˸һ仰үԶү
طӸ𸴣˫۳һâ˸
ʼ


347 һӦ
Ҫˣˬ
ĳӪѵҶսŸֿͿĨɫʣֻǱ˵ЦѨһ㣬ЦȻǴ˼Ѫһ˷ܡ
Ӫզ
ҿǸõͨ绰
ͷԵ֢

ѵһȫװڽѵͻȻҶʧЦ½ͷӶС
ȺСӣֹ˵ʲôأúѵͳӵ
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ԱһҪǰȴҶ洫ֱš칫ҵţֱŶ롣
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Աˣæ˹ȥ
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ģҶһҵ˲ȷ㣡
Եûţȴ޷ļЦݡ

칫ǰ칫ҵԱһȡϽسͻȻǱ˸Ƶģֱɵˡ
ǸСҶһʡǷĻƱʮǰԵָֻǸӣš
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ԵƺΪСİԱӾлع񣬻ҵػӦţȻ뵽ʲôѵɡǣسҪμĻ顣
ġԵ
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鲼ĸء켣ʮԺӵܣΪһ绰ѡ
һ졣
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348 дҪ
Űۼ·ӹ˾飬פŹ˾иֵ飬ɶ¾ϯȻߣ綼Ϊۼ군ˣۼĻ̡̻
·Ϊӡ֤Ĳ²һ㣬ڶ죬ͨۼŵŴٵ⣬Ҫֹͣ԰ۼŵдͬʱðۼŹ黹Ϣ
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һΣôΪڲ󲿷˶ΪӶ´󲿷вϹԱҪְ
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ȻҲ֪ٿҪʲôţһԼĿġͬʱҲţۼŲ塪ٴȰۼţ쳤һŵ
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ۼ֮ϵвԱְҪ鹦ڷ̡ϼŸ硢Ȱ˵ЩвϹԱְۡ
ᡣ
һŵϼʱǵˣ˴֮⣬Ҳڰۼſ̨֮󣬹Ϸְۼµĵ⣬ǰ֡Щ˶Լ֪֪ףϼ±롣
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ҾýдҪ
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349 ֵط꣬һϴ
Ϊۼͣı⽨ǿ̫ĺҲһЩŵרһྩܲյרһиֵľһţ֤ͨʱǱĿɿڴֱ˾ξˣ
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350 С
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磬Ұ֮ǰ绰ֻػת㣬пոظ绰󣬾͵طҪ뿪ʱͻȻ뵽ʲôѵ
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طͷַһ˺춦ֲĴšҸıˡҪú춦ֲӻĳ


356 Ťת
ۼŶ¾ϯȻıطྩؼң
طΪȰۼţټһȺȨӵܵۼŸвϹԱᣡ
ྩؼطֵİۼвϹԱ󲻵СʱۼŵͷȻ
ۼŵ鳤Ѿˣԭ鳤żΪΥΥͣؾֱӱͼ첿Ŵߣ

йذۼŵϢǲ˳һѸٴ鶫޺̽磬κˣ
һУֻΪطʵ̫ˣ
˶ȦӼ֪طݵ֮⣬Ϣʿͳͳɵˣ
ΪǱͨ˸ؼҺڻǺεȵţ
Ȼ
һͷ⻷ˣȴڶѧȻڡ
ֽȻķǵ𺳣ֱ޷ݣ
ֱֳһؤҡһ䣬ΪҪң
ۼŵˣ
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ۼŽڼܲٿŷᣬ·ӹ˾ΥӪһؽͺ˵
·Ϊӡ֤Щ˵Ĳ²һ㣬ϰ˵㣬طҶ˺ȾƵͬʱۼͨٷһš
һѸٴȻѣýҵըý׷ҹǰ׼μӰۼŵŷᡣ
ۼŵ׶ô
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ۼŹɶᡢ¾ֻоͬྩּ޹˾³ۼһңΪŵ¹ɶȻ

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֮쳤ٴοڣȻóЭ飬ݸȻ͡
ȻͽӹЭ飬һ¿żյͬʱǩ˸Ե֡
Һãͣʲôʵľʣ֪޲𣬲֪򲻴𡣡
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358 ԣһ
ϣۼŵŷ˸ŻվͷͷýҲ׷϶Դ½˱
鳹˻̽磬һЩýҲԴ½˱
ԭ԰ۼŵʵӰһģۼţۼһٸڣµӰʵ̫ˣ
ϾǵǰľȨѧר֮һպȻΪľ̩ɽɾͿܻҪ丸֮ϡ
ͷ׸֮ӵĹ⻷һǻ̽¹֮һߡ
νп֣пŵ
ڹںȻ͵ķ˿ԣֻǸ壬ά֣ϴˮս˶ԣǳ˿̨ǰı֣Ҳڲ²;̾Ļˡ
ǺۼֻܹΪһˡط磡
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ˣǶճǵֹ˾ˣɫѿüͷ˵

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ûõģµ񣬲Ҫ˵ҶӷƺпֲܻܣܣҲΪ
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ͬʱ
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ԭͺ춦ֲйԱĲ룬ط·īطһŭɱ䡣
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ȻһЩȺԣӰ졪ǿȥżߵ˽˻Happy
˧˵Ĵ
ΪϹ֪Ĵ竣˧Ϊţ棬ȥ˺춦ֲΪһϹϰ˽˻Ĺ
˧⡣
ǰʱ䣬ַָʾ磬ӶҶӷƽ
֮ǰúܺãɵúܳɫڵõַҶӷƵ͡
Ȼ
þ͵ڴΪɫں춦ֲĵλܹʱˣַǱߴ绰ܺԼͣһж춦ֲ޹أ
ӵַĵ绰֮˧ŵòᣬ绰Լλڵĸףʵ֪ùѪͷ
һУ˧ǺӵܣһΪŵ˽˻
˽˻ǻԱƣͼĻԱŷҲλϣܴﵽλࡣ
Ȼ߷ıķ
˽˻ԣߵò͡衢SPAⶼʩľˣ׼ȷ˵Ƿˡ
仰˵˽˻ĻԱϲŮԷ㳪裬˯
֮⣬йԱܹרҵѵܴԱķ
Щ˽˻ܹ߶ʿԭ
˽˻ϹϰһĶҲ˧˵ĵط
ֻǣ죬˧ûûģ졢˵ŮǣڻһӵܺȾơ
ĸСʱ˧ƿƣ뿪ʱ·ˡ
٣ҪĹںϷѾ˽ҹϷɻһСʱǰִϹ㣬˿Ѿϴɾˡ
ľһ΢Ц˧һ뿪һߣһ˵
á
˧ػһ
˧ȵ̫ˣҪҪҸһ˾͹ȥߣҰŻĳʵ
ģǰǳֲܾģ泵ڣҪʲôݣ
˧û˵춦ֲ֮ǰǳֲܾһԱΪ춦ֲĹ涨˳˳ֲܾǾ泵
ҾͲˣעⰲȫ
˧ЦݲȴЩǡ
˧Ҳǵһ򽻵ˣ֪˧ᰮ쭳ÿκƴӻ뿪Լ
֮ԻῪѣȫΪ˧ȵ̫ˣ˧£һҲвжΣ
ȻĹ鵣ģȻ˧Ը⣬Ҳٶ˵ʲô
ǻӵҲûҿڡ
Ӻ󣬰һĺһװܳһͷĸһ㣬ʻŻĴԺʧںҹ֮С
ɸ磬жϵһ˧ɵƾƺ󿪳ˣѾ뿪˻
˧ʻŸװ뿪˻ͬʱһSPAһóֻͨɵĵ绰л㱨
֪ˡ
绰ͷ˵ţҶ˵绰
˧˧Ϊ˺춦ֲĹӵͷ򣿡
绰ͷһɣھ￴ǰͨ˻·ȻʮӶʮӻˣǵĺӵͷˡú춦ֲʼ


364 ʮӶʮ
ΪطǸСĺĳԱҲ
꣬طδȥ֮ǰҪ˵˧Ļɫַ㶼Ҹ
ͬ˵ʮӶʮط뿪ǸСʧȥĹǣʧȥǰ˿ʼˣѹҶɵˣһֱǲᣬϹλ
˵УǱ۸ҵһˡ
ǰӻѧҵȡĽ飬ѡӻ𣬳ΪϹһӵĴ١
ƾ費׵ĸûмԴֵ֧£ɵ÷ǳɫΪȫʡȫ١
ʱΪ˵ȺС֮бɫˣΪҫǿǡ
Ϊıͻ׼бԴȫΪҵƶߡ
Ȼ
νǹͷ
ʱĻ˵ǰ֮вţƵĴڣ
ɵı֣Ҳͬ˵ע⣬ѡɿȻѼ֤ݣҵңϢڼ侭ߵƵꡢ˽õȶ֤ݣȻع⡢ٱһ̳
һȫ١
һĩΪȫʡ֮Ĵ
εϵĹ⻷ն߲ͨʧȥ˹Աݡ
ҳֻýɵϵͳΪϹĳӵĸӳ
ӳꡣ
ڹȥ֮УǵûеõκεĻᣬΪ۵㣬޷Ϲ㡣
ʱ鵽˻ƽȮ۵ζ
˧춦ֲΪһ֮Ϊ˰ͽᡢֺϹһӰϹĵλʵʩִѹ
Уɷŭһǣȥʥ˧˽˻֮󣬴һȦСȥ󴲣Ƽݡ
һ죬ΪӳԴӣ˧ŵִ⣬ҽžƾɽ
һ죬Ҫѵ˧˧˻ȥһСʱ˧㰲Ȼ뿪ˡ
Ǽ£ɳΪϹȦЦҲڽȫޡ
Ǽ£ŭޱȣҪϧһд۽˧ͽ춦ֲģձҳҳѡ̣ȴɽĻᡣ
Ǽ£Ⱳĳ֮һʱǡ
Ϊˣǰ죬ԺȺСڶۻᣬطҪú춦ֲ鲼ֵʱһ˧õطͬ⡣

ţ첻˭ֻҪƼݡݣã˸ҳ忪·ݣϳͲ
ɷֻóԽ´
ǣӣ
ִڵĽ׷׸Ӧͬʱ뵽ȥʱ顣
ȥǸ٣ӻδã
ʮִڵĽ̲סаԼ
ˡ
һ̣ӿֳ𰸣ܳĺԶ
ҹĻ£һɫһͷĸޣڵ·Ϸɳۣһɫ硣
ţ
ͻܳнһʶĿͶǰĵ·
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ܳʱ䣬֪˧ˣæóԽٴ´⣬ԷͣĻעܣҪײˡ
ǣӣ
ִĽٴθӦȻ׷׵Բ۾
Ϊǰɫܳˣǿһ˳ƣһ۱ϳ˧ĳ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵
ִĽǶһۣȻ󿴵һɣӾ¡
ۿ£ǰһۣɵͷ󣬲ͣæӭȥƣʾ⳵ܼͣ顣
ڽеĸɵ硣
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ϹӵĳҲܳ˧򿪳
ʾʻ֤ʻ֤ǵļ顣治ɫٴظͬʱѵ㲻ǵļ飬ǽȡǿƴʩ
ǿƴʩ
ȻĻ˧һЦˣЦ³վȵָ֣ƿڴ֪˭𣿸ӲȡǿƴʩŲһ绰ͰƤ
Ҳ֪˭ֻ֪ǰƽȣû˿Υݣһһ˵ǰļеһжʵ¼
ǰƽȣ
˧Цһ㣬Ц
ž
ЦţЦţ˧ͻȻ֣һƳϣࡣ
ģҲ˭Ҫ˵㣬нӶӳǹ־ֳҶҷһƨ㻹Ҹӽ
˧һƺֺţ⣬Ըǽӵɴһ˭
һ̣ػɴ˾ֱ˹
ϺǣɣȻﰡôţȥûץȥǲǻ뽫ץȥ
ɴǰ˧ǵûк£Եøӵ޿ָ֣ɣĳ
ζߣޱ飬һӣ´ץ

һ£˵͵شǰһ½˧˵ڵأȻ˧

һĻЩһ
ǲȥʱҲһĻ˧ûһСʱҡڵ뿪ˣΣ
ɣ費ǰɣǱ춦ֲʰ³ˣ˧ڵϣһһƿڴ
ߣ
ûлӦ˧ٴλ´

ٴɵ׷ǰЭһƷ˧Ȼ˧Ѻ˾
СԣƵûɣɼ״ǰʵ
û⣬ȫ̼¼ͷ
ãҸ㷢䣬̰Ƶȥš
ǣӣ
ȻصУ׼˵ģƵǾֱѺ˧
ӣ
ѺȥҽԺѪ飡
ɴµĻһһ⣬Ϊ˷ֹжйܣֻϽ
ǣӣ
ԭ׼Ѻ˧ȥҽԺĽԣһȻæԵֻɡ
˵ֻţš
ɣľң
˧ϳƾ˼֣ŭһ䣬ȻЦҪʧˣܿ죬ҪԹԷߣҲҪ˶ۣ
ʧĿ㡣
תĬؿ˧һۣʮӶʮ飬ϣǿҪ


365 
һԣƼݡݣͨƾǶԳʻԱм⣬ֳ֮󣬻ԳʻԱȡǿƴʩ
߳ʻԱֻȻҽԺѪҺѪҺΪʻԱǷƼݡݵݡ
գŻݳʻԱľƼݡݳ̶Ƚд򷣿в̡
Сʱ˧ǿƴҽԺ˧ѪҺмѪҺҴﵽ240mg/100ml
շɹ涨ʻԱÿٺѪҺƾ20˾ƺʻƾڻߵ80mg/100mLļʻΪ
˧ѪҺоƾﵽ˾˵240mg/100mlԶԶݱ׼صΣռʻ
ҽԺļ֮ɵһʱóֻգȻͨ΢ŷԼһԺС顣
٣Ϊܰͽȥ̫ˣ
˧˿Ѿ˼֣ɵľٶмЦҸҴģСʱҾͻᱻߣ
ô
ɲмһЦҲ㣬СʱƼϮƵżᴫ硣ʱܾ㣬ܾ㣿
ৣ
ȻɵĻ˧ɫȻһ䣬İ˵ԼƼݺϮƵĻִˡ
ʱңǺ춦ֲҪ̳һ׵顣
ɣҪô
ݵľŹ˧ŭĿɣҧгݵв㲻ҪˣǶƵᵽ˺춦ֲˣڳ׺춦ֲΪС޷ܵģ
ֻһ춦ֲһСɫ춦ֲ
Ц⣬Ҳ͸ףûἰ춦ֲ黹Բ
㡭ʲô˼
˧ɫڱˣǸɽΪǳģǳ춦ֲġ
㲻ἰ춦ֲ޷춦ֲˮ
طļƻץס˧ƼݵİѱΣؼҪͨ˧˵춦ֲú춦ֲҿصɴ¶ڹڵǰ

ٴɵĻȷԼĲ²⣬˧һȻ̲סЦɣΪ˭춦ֲҿ
춦ֲţô
ͻȻս˧һһǰҺǰྩԺߵʱ򣬲Ҫ˵ûʸסྩԺ㣬ҵֵܶҪߣ
ڣֵܻˣҪ˵㣬Ҫӣѱ
㡭ֵ˭
˧ٴһΪɱ춦ֲĺܲңɴԺӵܵݡ
һ˵ȻѣͬʱҲʶеֵܣ˲õ
춦ֲ㿪ʼ
ɴʣͳ䣬ΪΣռʻϮԼη
ৣ
˧ıһαˡ
ϵһ¶˿־壡
ΪͨɵĻжϳ鲻Ϊ˱ɺ͵ȺԺӵܣҪΪͻƿڶԸ춦ֲ
һ£ɵʧܣҲΪƷ
־˧˵תܡ
ߣȻʱϢ֪Լļͺ춦ֲȻǰƶԲߣ߽ɵ˵ļƻ
һ
ɼ״һ׷˧һץס˧ļ򣬽ڵأȻԲԶµߣ
ǣӣ
ɵæڻӦȻѸٳ˹Ѻ˧뿪ҽԺ¥˾
أ
Ƭ̺󣬾ʣʻҽԺǰӡ
һǰ˧ƼݡϮҪ˧˧еΣ˧ֻһСʱҡڵ뿪
һĽ죬˧ٴξƼݡϮɴߣطҪ˧Ϊͻƿڣú춦ֲֵΣ
ʷţݺϮ
ʮӺɾƼݡϮƵҽԺѪҺϡ
ΪӺܿĹעΪ֪ŮȻ΢תأ̶̶ʮڣĶ
Сʱ󣬻ĸӰӹ˾ܷ׷׽ӵһ绰Ȼ֪֪ͨˡͻ׷΢תӡ
ʮӺ¼ѣ޷ٶ紫
һСʱ󣬸Żվ׷ױ¼ͬʱ΢Ȧʼתƪ
ţưݲ˵ȻϮҪ˽ľ
ƵǸһŵӣȫûнɷ
ʵںܺ棬һҪţƵʲôزŸţϹ㾯һּƨҲҷţ
Ƶ˵ĻȥҲƼݡϮȻȻ£϶Ȩӵܣ
춦ֲʲôţƵӡ

˧ݺϮƵ׵㱬磬ȶʷǰ洦ɼۡ
һУΪǡתƲ֮⣬̶ܴҲΪ˧̫ˡ
̫ˣ
Ƶ˧һϴ϶̬ӷɣ轻ڳԵı֣Ȩչֵ쾡¡
һУܲˬܶתͼͨԼŬ壬˧ۣ
ʮ¶ʮգҹ
طʽ



366 ϷҪ
ڱΪʻ֮һϹ㣬㲻ϸȴϹżߵı֮һ
ΪĲֱϹʡλүľסء
УΪϹٳͷ֮һｨ±ס
ʱнһıŵƹ⣬аｨµı
ｨ鷿۾һݷԲϻĸġ
ҪݷԲȥྩᣬڻϷԣȻ
塪
ͻȻ绰鷿İ
ι
ｨ½ͨ绰Ŀδļ뿪ûзеıʡ
Ǹ쵼ôϢ
ͲдһԽｨµ顣
С£ôҴ绰ʲôˣ
ЩȻһʱ䣬Ѿ㣬·±ʣʵ
ȻףǱ߿϶зǳҪ飬򲻻ô绰
侲ţıرܣｨµСⷽһֱ÷ǳɫ
쵼С˧ˡ
С²ҵżɽʮһʱС˧ݱץˡ
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Ҳν쵼֮һ˵˵һ롣
һԣԽܴĦ쵼˼쵼ģǾְԽ졣
쵼ڸ㱨֮ǰѾزϵˣеѰ졣С˵
ŶｨüͷһʵôѰ취
С˧ݡϮǸץ˸Уڴ
СЩص˵Ҹزŵ쵼˵绰Ǳ߻ظ˵ǸºݻһҪ¹죬С˧ͽ˭кС
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ｨԣüͷøˣȻ̾ϱߣྩ֪ҡ
ǵģ쵼ĶӡȥС˧ƼҲǱǸץģС˧ɾ˵ΪЦһΣɶҪһ֮Բ̬ȼС˵Լжϡ
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С˵ľĸоΪᳫִִȫᱻ¼С˧ΥϮƵԼҽԺѪҺȫϣҴ磬飬Ӱܴ󡣡
ʲʲô
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ϵزţǸϵһ£ɾй¼Ƶݵ𾪹ｨºָܿٴָʾ
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ҶС㣬ã˼ôǡ
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ӺҶӷƹۿƵ绰˵һ£ʱԥһ£ˣǾԴ顣
ͨ˺춦ֲϢŵĵ绰ţɽŴá
ţ˧Ǹˣұϣ㾡ϵ˴һ£űϢɾ
绰ͨҶӷƿżɽֱ´ӹɡ
õģҶ᳤ϵ顣
Ȼѯʵ⣬ҸղҲ˵顣ǣǸɣӦûбô򵥣ĿǰϵӰܴˣǷҪ᳤㱨һ£
ʱˣͲҪϢˣȴ˵
Ҷӷûѡ㱨һ˵ӰϢһҲʲô¶㱨ǻԵܣ

ͬʱ֮⣬˰֡
ѩڰ칫йط̬ϣϸš
Ϸĸ߳Ҫˡ
ãѩеϣо˸ϳڴ
ҶӷƲͬûֻ飬ͨ飬µطĴ㡣
ҶҴС㣬Ŀ⡣
ҴС㣬հԶ
֮


367 
ЩĹչѸ٣ѳΪȫڶ󾭼壬ΪĿĴ˷յĴţʽӹ죬ڹеĵλͻȨԽԽء
ס塣
Ϊʽӹ죬ʡĻѸӿ뻪ģڱеĴ
ʥеĴ
ʮ¶ʮģ߳УںҹУþƾ̿񻶡
ͬʱϣΪʷţݺϮ¼񻶡
ʮ֣񻶴ﵽ߳ʷţݺϮ¼ȵռѵһýͷʷǰͻ1000򣬴ѵ񻰣
Ȼ
ʮֿʼǿʼϢ¼עȿʼ½
賿һ㣬زŵվȺʼɾйش˴¼ı
̶һСʱҪŻվ̳΢΢Ȧйش˴¼ıϢɾ˽ٷ֮ʮȾˡ
ǿɾ¼ϢҲ˾޴Ŀ飬ЩſչҹèΪˬ׷ҹתͼͨԼŬöܵͷ
֮⣬Ϊ֪ŮȻٴηƵҷע΢ʺҲΪ˴¼ֵ̽ľۼء
ͬһʱ䣬زŽӵһ绰ɾűֹжֹͣ
һ£Ϲڴ˴¼ıٴζ
ȵߵӵʱűϢ͹עѻָʱڵһ롣
¼֮⣬һⱻѣ춦ֲʲô֯Ϊӵ˴ܹڶ̶̲һСʱＸɾйش˴¼ı
һ£춦ֲϢסˣ̬ѾʧأȫΧҲҶӷƵĿɿطΧ
ΪˣδʾҶӷƵǰ£ֱӴ绰㱨
᳤һͻ顭
绰ͨŲҵһʱĽʵ㱨
ôҪ飬Ϊʲôһ㱨
ŵĻ㱨ıʱͱˣʶԣŭΡ
᳤㱨ģҶ᳤˵ʱ̫ˣӰ쵽Ϣľսؽ͵
޴
Ȼ
ȽŽĻ˵꣬㱻ϡ
ŵɫףҴһͲﴫˡཡ֪ѹҶ˵绰мջ
£ΪΪһʧȥͣں춦ֲĵλƱػһǧɡ
ջΪ鷢չһȫΪҶӷ̫ΪΪܹԴ飬ѹûдҸһ춦ֲУӶҲˡ
ڽŭͬʱֱͣӲͨҶӷƵĵ绰
ô飬Ϊʲô˵绰ͨȿڣһ̬
ȻĻеŭ⣬ҶӷƲһ
ΪԴΪδ޺δĿԻ
һζûУ
ҵӰϢԡ
ݵҶӷƻع͡
ӰϢ
ϣһѪشҶӷƵĻԣֻǴҪԭ򡣸Ҫԭǣ㲻ط磬Դ飬ΪԼɣ

Ҷӷƿԡ
ͬ˵һշ㱨Ҫԭȷʵ
ԣҪǸа
ıˣٴοָǰ˵鲻ֻǰҪͨ̿ǣͳᢡͬӵֻܶһʱα겻αΨͨſԽΪܳ׶ס죿ο㲻֪ǵĶҲԶزô
Բ̫Ϊˡ
ٴָҶӷɫѿѡǸϴȻʵͨüô
̸˧ĸȥ绰
ϰԵָʾ˵һ룬ֲģˣĵ绰ңԸ˵
á
ҶӷػӦܵ䡣
Ϊ֪Ȼѡ飬Ǳİʼˡ
Ҳ̫طȻǵԤϣһֲ黹ڿɿطΧ֮ڡ
·ܹҶӷƵ仯Ƶģָ𣬶ǿڰһ䡣
š
İҶӷƵһЩĵŨ̲סʵ㻹μӶĻô
˴飬ɻȥ
ڵʡǶзֵʡݣʡ쵼ǰʱһ£ڶٿһר飬ȥһй˫ĺֵȶĹܽᣬȻĹв
첻Ҫμӻ飬һҪΪʡĴзԡ
£ٷϻֱӹҶϵ绰ȻҶӷƽ˧ｨµĵ绰ֱӲͨｨµĵ绰
壬绰ͨȿڣԱš
С׼绰ء
ｨԭΪԼӵ¼ûƽϢƣĻһںҹпƵģæ˵Ҵ绰Ӧ֪С˧飿
ǵģ壬𴲺Ѿ˵ˡ
϶شȻ壬Ҹ绰㣬鷢չڣѾǳˣǱȡϴʩ
С˼ǣｨӿֳһõԤС
壬֪¼Ļʹ˭𣿡ʡ
ɡｨѿڶ
ˡֻһӣ˵ǱƵ̨ϵˡ
ʲʲô
ｨһֱΪڶȥ걻˧б˿Ļһ˭
ؼط硣

⣡
Ȼ֣ｨͷһҶ֪֪ܲؼң
ңȻЩҲûȫмܵĵزؼңʸûУ
壬ڵΣҪƽϢӰ졣
һοڣֹ࣬ͣһжС˧ӪΪͬʱþ̷С˧ĴϸִСΨˣǲƽϢϵӰ졣
С˧ΪõĻضҪΡｨЩԥ
壬ڹϣǱ׳ʿ󣡷ִĻ۶ңǺ춦ֲһ¡
ٴοڣͳһӹɵĸоС˧ƽϢ֮취ұ֤С˧ڼ׵̫ãҲС˧װΣ
ðɡ
ｨЭˣ֪˵ʵҲõĳŵ

˿ȻҶ˵绰
һ룬ֽ̣ܷŤתƣ
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ط粦ͨ绰ٴ´
ƣһӡ


368 һش
ΪϹٳľͷ֮һｨҵĺĳԱշתҵλ̶̡ߣḻС
֪Ļʹؼ֪֮¼ѾҵƿطΧö˧Ȼسǲܵ飡
Ϊˣͬ׳ʿ󡱵飬ȻڹҶϵ绰󣬵һʱ䲦ͨĵ绰
С£ܾϵһ£ϸշɰ£ôС˧ôãͬʱ˶С˧Ĵþһ棬ڡ绰ͨｨ¿żɽֱָʾ
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ｨµСȻ𾪡ɻ󣬵֪ı֣ûҶʣֻǵһʱ
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ͨСµȼһ֧̣ϸػｨ¸ղ˵ÿһֺ˵ʱｨôԭóۣķչｨµĿɿطΧｨĳѹò
ͨһСûȥ룬칫绰ͨϹ㾯һֵĵ绰
ãܾ֣ǳǡ绰ͨСȿڣԱš
飬á
绰ͷϹ㾯һʮֿȻΪｨµ飬ͷϹš׳Ĺ⻷ݡλеȨԶͬĹԱɱȡ
ղ쵼Ҵ˸绰תС˧飬참ϸ߷ɳ򡭡Сֱ⡣
¡飬쵼ʲô˼
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ԣ˧¼ֵɽ󣬺ѴãˣӰ;ᶪɴñ
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õģܾ֣ټ˵ţҶ˵绰
ཡཡ
ͨͲﴫֳཱུܾȴûз»Ͳüͷһ˼·˼еè塣
顭顭
Ժ󣬲ֳܾȻ칫ҵű졣

ֳܾ˵ţ»Ͳ
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ܿ죬칫űƿһӲ칫ңϹ㾯֧ӵĸˡ
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·Ϊӡֳ֤ܾĲ²һ㣬ӵĻɫʱˣΪ飬ܶں춦ֲ棬ΪɾŵǺ춦ֲڱָʾ߲СΪˣ³ֺ󣬶̶ʮ֮ѾˣȻ󲨡
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ţ
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˳칫ҡ
С˧ݡϮϸշɳ죬һ棬ڣԽԽã
뿪ֳܾ̲ͨ˽֧ӳĵ绰´
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绰ͷ֧ӳȻЩʵֳ
ָʾֳܾ֪Ҫʲô°ѺĻ˵ڣ˴𸴡
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Ϲн֧Ӿ˧ݡϮһ£˴棬˧ƼݡϮΥɹ涨飬֤ȷ䣬ƽ

ž
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ȻϹ㽻֧ӵĹȹڽ¶춦ֲֻ˰СʱСʱƪѾ׻硣
һ£ġ׳ʿӵĶԲ߳ʧȥ壬Ϊڶ塣
ΪҪǣƪ¶춦ֲµĳ֣ͬһشͺ춦ֲͷϣķչѾƿطΧ
ĬĬһ֧̣侲Ȼͨ˸ĵ绰
֡
˵㣬ŪǸƾֲҲͰˣյĶЩʲôˣ
绰ͨպһ֣֡㱻ྩϣͷ綼ڴǸֲܴ˾޴ߣӰ켫ӣ
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ûлشһ¡
ΪδҪ뿪춦ֲûɢ춦ֲ
ûУ
ۿûػǳ⡣
š
ӦһȻ˲䱻Ƶģؿϣһдơ
·̣ȴ죡


369 廹û
Ź˧ݡϮĴ֮һƬкΪӮⳡսֽкá
ͬʱйغ춦ֲƪԿֲٶʧ
һУ񲢲ࡣ
¼սǵŬ£ǷսʤаĴǷǵԸ
עÿ죬ɢȥҲ졣
ͬڿһ֣ͻȻ֮ɢȥˡ
ʱйغ춦ֲ¼ѾҲˣ׷񲻸ʷͨվйغ춦ֲϢκϢѲ
ͬʱΪĻֵʡ쵼ɻִﶫ׼μٿĻ顣
ƻʱ֣뿪齵ľƵ꣬һھƵſڵȺĽγִ˺춦ֲֲ
ͬи߶˵ľֲԣ춦ֲÿһֲڳƽĵضΣڲװ޵øûʣӵһʩ
ִ춦ֲֲʱҶӷѰ׼ʳڲﰲȺ
νĲʵһɫķ䣬ǼƷƻ죬ǽϹżֵǵֻڷŸʯ辰Ǽֵǣһ軨ļ۸Խײ㹤нײ򣬼ܶһҲδ
춦ֲװ̧񡢱Ƹ񣬵ֲóȥһһЩνĸ߶˻ɱ
𣿡
ݺҶӷƵһʱ˹ȥͻݵһ㣬ֽӹ·¼ϡ
á
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ˣ
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֪йغ춦ֲƪ±ɾ飬֪ģֻƲ˼
š
ûɫӵؿҶӷһۣҲμ飬ټĳԱٿһ飬һڻϽ᳤λý㡣
ΪΪʲô
Ҷӷһ𾪣춦ֲѪҲĽҪ᳤λýȫԤϡ
ͷô
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Ϊոս֣طĶݣҲСĶԾ
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춦ֲǳ裬ԾֲĳԱһشĴ
仰˵ⳡʧܣú춦ֲʧȥʥ߹ϵĹ⻷Ȩӵеʥ
̫̫֮֮Ҳۿۣ
νһգһʱƽ˾һˣС
һЦĿԸһΣкʹ⣬һβˡȻˣ춦ֲҵġοûк춦ֲһҵĶ֧֣ؼңؼϲ簮֮⣬˴ڱԵؼϲֹ㽫Ϊؼҵӡ
ţӱʮ겻ȵǸʱ練ƣ
ҶӷƵͷظܵеǷݰûм١
֪˲δһʱʧܶ壡
ţһѩܣطӱ

ͬʱ԰
ط硢Ȼͳ¾һڲò͡
Ҷӷɽ亣ζͬϰŰ˲һȫǵصļҳˣľһл࣬ɫζ˿ѷɫ
С磬춫кʡҪڶٿһΪﻥͬչĻ飬ҳϯ鲢
ƹѲ˹ζķ¾Ʊ˵˹Աμ֮⣬вҵСȻμӡ˽飬ߣ뾭õĹϵкܴ塣
ˡ
ط΢΢һЦ֪Ļҵġ
ͬ˵μĻ飬ܹʱߣֱ۵ᵽ뾭֮ܲɷֵĹϵ
ˣʡְʴŵĳԱ˵Ҫԡ뵽ط棬֪⻹ѵ
ӣܼˡطһЦЦ˵
ȻЩɾˣҿҳ϶뿪춦ֲӮ壬ѵҪʹˮ˵ҪǰҲܵ˲ưոݣԣһȻЦŴȤ
壬ҲƻϷ򣬵廹ûطҡͷˡ
ţ
һ뵽ʲôɫȻһ䣡
Ҫͱˡ


370 ˿
峿ߵ㣬Ҷӷ߳춦ֲֲһѵȺʱרǰμӶкʡٰͬĻ顣
ϣҶӷƹ֮û뿪춦ֲֲסҶӷһСʤ»İ鶯Ƭ
֪Ϊ˴ۣбһа𣬻ΪЩҶӷƣطһѣҶӷǿֻĵأúøһľȥô̫á
ˣϳ֮ҲûгûǽķԲ˳ϸعһ飬ȷûκ⡣
һУֻΪ֪ҪԣԼ
һԵҶӷƣðž⣬֪λˣΪ˿̵ľٶĽ
ߵʮ֣ʻԺͣͣҶӷһͬӳ¡
Ҫһμӻ飬ʴųԱݣҶӷǶŵĳԱ
ߵʮ֣Ҷӷһͬ᳡ſڣʱſ˵Ŀ⡣
˵һʱе̣ӭ˹
ǣ
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һĻҶӷƲ˵ĻһְˣǸ̫ӣȻǻƵһ޶
̫ӣ
ͬʱԶЩʶˣȻȺ䣬΢Ц٩٩̸̾
Ƕע˺춦ֲ飬Ҳ֪ǼӰжô
µйغ춦ֲϢȫʧˣӲӡ֤̫ӵǺεȵľˣ
Уˡ
󣬾͵һЩλԱ٩٩̸ͬʱһŵĳԱۼ⣬ģ̲סڵ
ৡ
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ܿ죬Ĵط߽еĲλԱ΢ЦŴк΢ЦͷӦ
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Ϊ۵Ϊطʤߵ뵱ڳȿڣطᡣ
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ΪҪǣѸɾйغ춦ֲϢƽ鷳֮󣬹طȥ춦ֲòͣһƵζ㲻ҪҺͺ춦ֲôҺͺ춦ֲúõģܰ
õġ
طͷɫƽͬһڹž
Ͽʼˣǽȥɣ΢Ц룬ķ̣Ҳ뿪ط練Ļᡣ
ˣûʸλᣬֻҵĹġطЦЦһҲ⡣
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ط磬
ͷȻطкҶӷһͬ᳡
ͬʱɫؿһҶӷط磬ȻҲ׷׽᳡
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һĻȻ¾˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬̫ɣΪ˺ǿģȻĵֶΡ
Ĭؿһۣ·ڿһСڱݣ

ͬһʱ䣬һžƵĺγżȺǽԺҪߵĺԺſʻɳྩĵĹ㳡ڼõſͣ
ſڱϸϣܹ㣬Χһھ·ڣһվһϵ
ͣ£ھı£Աͬ£첽ڹȥһûʻӵĺγ
һűװ꣬ɿشӺ쳵£š
Ŵ򿪣һŹİ³ȻҪһ׷ԲԵ³
С֣һûҪ˷ʱ򡣡
ڴһʮ׷ԲԵ˶³
ϣ
ۿ³ڣ˶׷ʺá
Ϊ˲Ǳˣؼ̫ү
ͬ־Ūôʲôؼ̫ү˵
ⲻǴϽܸ
ЦЦȻԱؼ̫үá
Ƭ̺һö㡣
ʱ찡뵱׳Ǵ̵Ӿ죬ʵѾȥˡؼ̫үվڴŴһУ겻ѡ
ϣûЩѪûлĵĽ졣Ե˵һֱڸǵͬ־һҪǳģμΪ񡣡
ġؼ̫ү˵ţȻƺʵͬ־֪춦ֲ𣿡
ϣ֪
΢΢һ𸴡
˵춦ֲ˲ðݷ֮ϡ
ؼ̫үŤͷӣһһʹͬ־ѵ춦ֲҪ֮֯𣿡
Ϸģһ˳£
һһ֣صػش
Сʱؼ̫үӵͬ£߳ã˳ĺԺ
һΨһһ¶档
ҲһΨһһγ
һСʱһྩ
𶯣


371 үү
ǸϽǴʱ򣬶ʡٿΪﻥͬչĻ黹ڽС
鿪ʼصķ⽮Ⱥ˫ȥһܽᣬδĺչ
ջ̣ʡеĴԡºΪзԡ
ʡͬ־ԡ
ʡ⽮ķԽ˷׷׹ƣ˴򿪻Ͳ˵
ৡ
˵Ļ˲Լͬؿ˵¶Ľ
ĽΪǺܹһϷǶôѵáǼѵõĶƽᣬζĻᡣ
Ľ֮࣬ҲΪһɲܹϷԣΣؼͷ̫ӹ⻷
һĽĿ⣬ϰΪվȻ׼õķԸ壬һšȵ˽̨
𾴵ĸλ쵼װǣϺá
ܿ죬ŷԸ壬ߵ˽̨ϡ
Ϊ̫ӵδһ㷢ǰϯ̨쵼±ߵǾϹǽԸڽ̨ϣ˫ߣ쵼һ㿪ʼԼķԡ
ˡ
󣬾͵ҽܣ׼ʼ뷢ʱڴֻͻȻԭ΢ͨڰĴԵø
ţ
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֣΢΢һȻ˼ջǾܽ˵绰Լķԡ
ˡ
Ȼ
սֻŽڴֻٴ
һΣֻһǶŵʾ
ΪˣɫЩѿ벻ᣬֲ²ǸĶţһ˵ţһٴóֻ
ʲôڻص绰̣
̨ϣһ߼Լķԣһߵ㿪ţȻ˶ݡ

һ̣סˡ
֪Ī֪Īӡ
Ը˽⣬϶Ƿش飬겻ᷢһţǰδе
ʲô
ۿͻȻֹ֮ͣ˷ԣһ±Ƶվڽ̨ϣڳ쵼ĲλԱһĲ⡣
Ψһ⡣
ġ
µطһķӦ֮ط罫һ¡
Ǹλ쵼ǣһǳҪɶеͬ־ȷԡ
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£ϯ̨ϵ쵼ͬ⣬ֱֻ½̨Żȥ
ƹ£ĲôĿ죬Ǹо·ȥͶ̥

һĻ֮⣬λԱеĺŨ
ʵںܺ棬ʲô飬̫ͣԣȻ󼱴Ҵҵ뿪᳡
ȹͷ򶫺صķ⽮ʾһ£Ȼ󿪿ԲöеĴзԡ
ͬʱߵ˻ſڣţֱ˳ȥ
ţ
һţ㿴طվڲԶűʣ֪Щʲô
ûط磬æȵһˣ߲߱ͨĵ绰
˳춦ֲûУ
绰ܿͨͨߵشĶУܴǰδе
⣡
ȻĻǷ뵣ǣͷһǿĵĲʵ֣ʲôˣ
شҵ⣡ͺһ
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Ļ˵ڣֱӱܻشˣ㡭Ҫң
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ɫѿĻ˳춦ֲĻôᱻӰҲ̫
Ѿ´زѾ룬ǲܵ飡

ȻѾĴ㣬һ׼Ļ󣬻Ǿɫ䣬ӿ񶶲ֹ
һУֻΪΪ̫ӵеǸʲôҲǸζʲô
ô
ͣ˽Ųɫףʵ
ؼ˿ˣʺ춦ֲǲҪ֮֯ϣ
ĸоؼȻ˾Ļ󣬵ֻҪһ첻ɽ˱ɽؼҵĶ룬һ仰޷ķ
ৣ
ɫٴһ䣬ҲҲѪɫ԰ֽ
Ϊ֪ؼһ仰Ȼ
֣֡ô죿
ӺٴοʵûյšȣеֻǾš
ô죿˭ȥ
ɸֵûú춦ֲʲôΥ飬ʧȥĲǰ;ɣ
⣡
ͷһӾһȻһֻ䡣
ཡཡ
Ӻ󣬾͵΢عٴ˵ʲôʱѾҶ˵绰
Ͳæ֪µҲְҲûְڷ𡭡
һУʧȥͷʥĹ⻷ǱһŴ߽
һ̣ްΪ̫ӡ춦᳤ֲĽͲһеֻǾ벻
վԭأһ·𲻸ţҲ޷пʵ
㡭ôˣ
ӺҶӷ߳ңߣɫѩףɬһʵ
٣Ϻ춦ֲֲɢ
ӦҶӷƵطվڲԶ΢Цſڡ
ž
䣬
һΣһڣԵֻ䣬ˤڵϣķѡ
㵽ôˣ
Ҷӷæסֵغ
ûлش˫۴ɬؿ컨壬һˡ
ǰطһȣΪĳ衣
ȨͷԸط磬ͼѩܣطӱۣ
Ȼ
ȴһͿأ
үү
ؼ˵


372 һ
ءصģ㵽׶ʲô
ۿػҶӷƷؿط磬˻е
ûᣬطֻһֱĿ⿴Ҷӷơ
ͬʱҵűƿһ۾Ӵӻ߳ǾηؿطһۣȻ󿴵ҶӷվڲԶ첽˹ȥ
ǣ쵼֪ͨ㣬ķԽ˴档쵼췵ʣȥʡίܿ죬ߵߣ쵼ָʾ겻ѡ
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֪Ϊ飬ǲ뱻˷Լ쳣Ȼԡź󣬲˿Ȼѵϵ·
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Ȼһϴ裬һţһֻСè䡣


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Уܺȶ࣬ΪʲôҪٺȵ㣿Դǵؾܾ

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ѩ˵ţȻɽ㲻ѹկ˹ԹԵô뿪ӺҲҰ

طԶԡ
ô˵ǸĸŮĹذɣۿط粻˵ѩʵ
뿪˲ӣϻûɣһֱûϵ㡣
طæýΣȻ͵زһս⣬Ťͷһ骴ӡ۵ؿ
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طʶػӦţȻ󿴵һ˱骶ʹ
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ѹկףʹš
ҴСҪ·𿴵һս


377 Ĳ
ʱͬеɳô߬޷ֹš
Ԫһζǻûде¿ʼ˹ѧϰλʼһĹѧϰ
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ˡ
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ãͬ־ί֯ȫίо㰵齨춦ֲλ᳤Υ涨㵳ؾ洦֣ͬʱĿǰλֵԱ׼ǰֱ
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ţһؼ뿪˼䣬ΪؼұԵط磬Ʊػᱻ񱨸


378 Ū
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Դطֺ֮֮ĺϷӪҵΪɫҵǣ׷ױ飬Ӫ̱
ȺϷӪҵԣµĻɫҵʧ󣬲»ɫҵ龫Ӣ׷ױɫҵ޷ʵʩ׷׳ô˽˽Ʒ׼Ϸԭĵ⡣
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Ϊʦκܣ鷿ϣһߵ˵
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طʵݸˮ棬鶯ֺȺү㿪ʼں棬ˣź춦ֲװܸط磬Ǹ뾡һа취Ҫڽ۹
ʱһһļˣȴһҪƲϵôõ飿˵
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á
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κɻˣĿǰƣҪƽ飬µĺϷӪҵת
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ţȻֵǿ󣬵ЩʦѹֻҪó㹻Ǯ϶ǿĻʦԸðŷǱ뻪ĻɱκܵͷѾļƻ
ȽǰΣոʧأָԪڽ۹ĵλȻȴɱط磬󻼣

ͬʱ
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ȻǿԽɱսߣɡһݵؿ֯졣
ǵġ
֯һѽקߣٵ·Цڵңɱ߳һף


379 Ľ
ʼѲᡢʼǷ׷ܽȥĹ͵ʧƶһĹƻѧӭѧĩȴǵĽĩԡ
ΪĶ֪ĴѧѧѧϰΧһֱŨǵѧĩЩӿεѧҲ׷׻ص˿ãϰ˵ټУ԰ѿӿΡ˷ѹѧ
˵ʮֵʱһAյ˹˹Ӱʻ˶ѧֱѧԺ
ݣĸ磬Ǻͷһ
磬˵ĵˣſشʦڶѧС㣿
濴ſյУ԰̲סڳʵ
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ͷҲµһ㣬ͬʱ˵ԼжϣңΣԣԲ顣
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Ƭ̺˳˼Ժձָͣ˼ԺſڵͣϣȻ³·Ժ
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380 Դ
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һֱ˵Ĵˣû뵽ģ˵ģⶫͲǶĻ

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ۿŭ뿪ɾǰЩձ׷ײмЦˡ
ʦ˾ð㣬һҪڱиһѵ
ͬʱضɵıӰһɱ



381 ˭ڻ룿
һСʱɾ˳ͳִ˶˹Ƶꡣ
ԭɵĽӴɾߵҪԱ˹˹ӰΪɾ˵ĿԴ󡢰ֱӿ˹˹Ӱˡ
ģʵ̫ˣȻʦͣ
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ɾͣǶɾ裡
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ΪˣɷӻתɸԣֵĻظҲͳһתļ塣
ļٵģ
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SƯƣȷڿڿӰ
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ҵģĸƯͨɽͨ⡭ֱţط˲ɵ׳٣˵Ĵ˵
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кڳڶձɾ˱ʱʮӣȻط˰˷ӣԭĳ·ɽļ¼ӣ
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һУֻΪǶѹطĶ֣ƴҲѻʯ
֣ɾɫѿ
ڶɽľӢ䣬Ѿﵽ̼ȴûаʿ
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·ˣ
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ʶֻȻǸɾҰFaceTime
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398 Ǹ
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ƽͷһͷϣĿϬ˸Ļܹܵǿơ
ǱˣɾĸɾҰɾɽĺĳԱձݡλԺգȨ졣
ҸղŵõϢǸطĻꣿʮ𣿡ɾҰüͷʵ
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ⲻе̫ˣ
ɾҰҲ޷ܣüͷضط磬ܹγˮ
ѡһֻʮʱ䡣
طƽӹɡ


399 ôǿƣ
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ȻɾӢӵĻɾҰɾǰһ
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ձѧһţʮ۷壬пʮ֮ǰħ䣬ͻ̾磬Ϊȫѧһţ
֮⣬̻ǰһ֣Ѿռλúܾˣ
ף˵αչ֮󣬻ڲμȫ֮ǰǰսаġ
ɾӢһοˣ̵δޣ̵֪ĺܶࡣ
㣬˼ǰģսɵǸ飿ɾһӢӵ˼
ǵģ
ɾӢӵͷȻɾҰȴɾҰĴ𸴡
ԸΪ˰㣬ǰģսɱǸˣǸ˼һػı̬ȣ½㡣һǵҲùܶࡣ
ɾҰо˸Ȼ˵Ӣӣھϵ̣ô˵
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ɾӢӵУ绰ͨˣһ£Ȼæ˵Ҽˣ֪𣿡
Ѿ˵ˡ
ǻӦȻ۵ϣ㸸׺ֵܱܵú޴
ҲǱΡ
ɾӢ̾˿ȻҪֻܹǸĻ쵰̫ˣȻҸײ֪飬ƭҸͬȻŵ¼ķ
һΣû˵
̣Ҫİ
ɾӢҧҧֱ⣬ҸΪ鱻ɽְ񣬱ջеȨڼ屻ԵˡǼҽӲùˡ
ҰɱǸˣһ͸
ǵģ̣ҡɾӢӿ
ԭƻڻȥսǸطĻսĿ֮һ
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404 ؼҳ
ʱ󣬹Ƽ
֪УɽѾȥʮ졣
ոսʱطϵĹעȾˣÿ춼ѣΪһʵ졣
ǲطΪӢۣв˽ط統ż񣬳Ϊطķ˿κطû΢ʺţ޷ۼһ
طעʼ½Ⱥνķ˿Ҳ޷ۼһһɢ
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֮⣬طڶѧΪ˷ÿĽǰȥհɵﲻӰ쵽ѧϿΡ
ΪˣطֻʱȥϿΣÿڷѧ
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ҴС̫үغܹؿڵǻڵʦҲȲϡ
֮⣬ѿԽھںϣ޷ͻƻΪھ޷ںϡ
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߶ԣǿҪ־
ҲΪʲô־չػеʽԭ
ⶼ׳;
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ĸ𰸣ĳһ֣յ֯Ѿٿ飬ˡ
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ͬؼңؼ̫ү֮⣬˶ϲأؼҳ
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طҡҡͷ̳ؽһףСͶҿ˳ۣΪҲѧǣؼĨڣ򲻵һ
ǶСʱˣƽϣˣۿɾ̫СˡЩ졣
طЦЦ˵
ļԼλøȷʵСΪؼ̫үԼΪԼѩ㶨£һֱڻԼ춼ûȥ͡
֮⣬ֹһ˽¸ԼλøҲϲѩ㣬ϲúܡ


405 
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ۿط粻˵˼˵һСˣô޷ؼҵĽӰˣҲֵؼȥࡣҪ˵۲СĻ֮ǰӦøϵŶԡ
ȥ꣬Һδı棬֪ʲôˡ
طԳһЦôˣڱô˶ţν񣬴ұ֮Ҳ
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á
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ˡ
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á
طһ£ǴӦͬʱ˼ǼԼĿġ


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ȻһֱطǰֵúأкѾһһˣֻǴδֳˡ
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á
֪ΪΣЦݣеθеڣæתƻˣ磬𣿡
ҪȥЭ飬϶ҪԱԷͲȥμȻľۻˣȻ˵һǸ
˵⣬ȻЦԭ绰˵ģĵ绰һֱͨΪʲô£صظϹˡ
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֮һͷң¹򿪣ⷭ˺ü飬ȻûѡԼҪ·
СأҪȥԼ𣿡
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ǣҽҪȥμͬѧᡣڻӦ
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ʱǽһѻ׽εȰ˵ططϲͶ͵Ļ
Ļ˵طȻ͵ѣѹѣط粻ܴͣҲ޷ǰ׸֮Ტۡ
֪طྩؼҵĺ̬֮˸һٰʮȴת䣬ǵϲط磬ǶιĶضط緢ҹơ
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Ȼĸ׵Ļصı΢΢һ䣬Ȼҡͷϡ
ҲԣطѧУǱȥϿҲֻ߶ͬѧ
ĺԣ˵ţȻо˸ؿŮҸҿ϶طȻȥҲʾ֭ԼƯƯ
衭˵ʲôأ
ԣɫٱ䣬һƽߣظĺ
˰ɣҳϣĺѾ֪˴𰸣Եú˷ܣο
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֪Լٻױٴ磬Ҳ޷ǹȻķͷȻɫòġʶʤһװδƷζҲȫѷɫ
οȻǣ
֮⣬Ҳ֪ԼԶ޷ȡȻطеĵλ
ȻҹԼһȥط硣


407 ĸ
ҹĻ٣Ƴϡ
Ϊ԰ͬǰһҹ֮ľټĸֻвһıŵƹ⡣
9űո롣
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ΪһͻĶ꣬ԭļƻɴӻ԰˱
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ȡĸĺһɫ磬ɫ¶ɫĸ߸ЬϺ촽쳣ۡ
ͬĺ˵صķɫ𪣬ʲףȫԼԦŮͷ۵ĺɫһּΪ޵ĸо
ǴһˮīۣɫСƤЬСӣһ͹ҹʡ
¾һɫ¶˱ֱϸȣͷٲȻ˼ͽŮӰӡ
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װȻŮףտ֣ԽԽ
УŮֻ֣һȻŮһƯӡ

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ܿ죬˵עУطߵȻǰʿ֣ǣסȻ֣һȻʱأһŻͲʵ˵Ȼ

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ͳ¾ôһ˲䣬ЩĽ
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˵ע£طȻһͬڵϲʮȻȼ
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һ̣ĵƹ䰵˲Լͬسո衣
Ȼ
ո質֮ȻȴûаۡԸ
ȥڰһꡣȥһ굱Уΰܡɱҵĸ統ҵɱҵĸףҪɱңܵ˷ɵƲáǶԶ뿪磬һ˹¶ػš
ɻʱȻŻͲڣгıˣһĻĻ·췢һ㣬Ŀ̹ġ
ȻĻһ׷۵ؿȻ
ںܶУȻ˵ʹ֪˶ԣȻǶϳȾѪʹ
żõĳòĺʣ켸õһУʱ
Ȼ
ȴܿңĸ˫ҸǸб׸绹׵С
ȥˡ
طŤͷοţȻսȻ֣Ȼ
ͬģȥҲҼ˵һꡣ
طĻطдȻŤͷطģϤӣ˵Ϊط硣ÿʱսһ֣ҴжأΪҵĸױΪػҸµļҲ

ٴȻĻȴһ֪ȻҪʲô
͸õҵػеӡ
£Ȼ΢ЦȴЦ΢΢죬ȻҲĹллΪһУҲллΪҾٰᣡ
ϣܹƽҸ֣ҵԸҲĿǰңΨһܹΪ飡
£ſ˫ۡ
ط״ǰӵ
Ըĸס
ӵõ
žž
ҵ֪Ϊжף
ͬʱ
Ǹȫ̽磬ûȨӵֻԶ۲µҴС㣬һ䣬߳˶ֶ


408 ΢΢һ
УطӵȻʱ̣ܶȴȻ˲䱻Ҹĸо
ϲطӵĸоϲط統˵ӵ
һĻغгĽ
ǰ߾ٰܶᣬÿһζǱյûκطӵĶĽ
Сʱǹ¶Ҫ˵գ±ⶼˣΪʰĶ
ҳΪüɵӣƾ費׵ѧ츳վȽŸɴû˵ȻҲûй֮˵ˡ
ǰ뿪üɣУָµĲƸͲҵ߾ȫػţѹû˼ա
һ£еĽضԣֻ಻١
ҵգᵱӵ𣿡
Ľ̲֮࣬סаԼ
Ӧòɡ
ԳЦš
лл㡣
ͬʱȻط˵š
£Ȼط绳еĸо뿪طĻҲ֪ܵ˵泤ʱطĻУɿط磬תˡ
һĻȺֹͣ˹ƣ˵ƹ⡣
طϵĲ͵Ȼһ鵰⣬ݸȻ
Ȼ˫ֽӹıطĿ⣬飬İͬյĺ䣬޷ڡ
ط翴û˵ʲôת͵Ӱ۾ƵķԱɷԱе⡣
Ӻ󣬹Աгʮݣÿ˶һݡ
군ΪǵȻźƣʼǰıͽ̸
طͺҶˡ
ϴ󡣡
ط߽ͶԵŮѩ˵
İͣˮ졣
ͻŮѵٶȺƵʵ̫ˡ
ȻѩϵŮѣûнѩȢؼҵϱĴ㣬ҲûʽѩŮݣѩطк
ٺãѩ
͵ĻѩæطʺãΪ
һ棬ΪŮѵطĵλȻҪء
ΪҪǣҾͳϵͨҲ˽⵽йطļ¼طмֱһĴڡ
á
ط΢ЦŻӦ
ӣ޸ǳҶЦŴȤûѹկ˻ô
ˡ
һ̣ط翪ڣڴֻѩֻš
ѻ죡
ѩĺ룬طЦһȻֻ߳˴
˿̣ҹĻ׽٣ѩţ紵͸©һ⡣
ķɻȥ㡣ط½ȿڵ
ģ֪ȥҡ
绰ͷѩոմһεרŵλϣֻŵƻͨĵ·˵ˣѾˣҴϳˡ
㡭Ѿˣطԣһȣô˵
Ҹ˵ˣҽôѩʵ
ǿ϶ط˳˵
ȷԼ϶ѩʡ
ѵ֪ڸȻգ
ٴѩĻطȴ΢΢һ˼š
С˵Ҫ
ۿط粻˵ѩ٩˵ţӸط𰸣Щӡ
һػ־ŮˣͬҲһؿŮˣΪطδޣطδصظϵǰط磬طȴڸŮ˹գһΪμ˲ȥ
Щ
ԲҴӦҪȻٰᡣط̾˿Դ뿪Ӻûϵѩ㡣
һζûУ
ÿζѩ绰
죬ѩǲԶشɵ׼һྩȥ̫үף١
һ£ȥѩ㣬ʱڲѩ棬Щⲻȥ
ҲӦҪҰѩСˣСŮӡ
ֻ˵̫ˡطЦ
ǺɰҸջضС˹ա˵ҪҪϹȥѩеСңߵ

طһͷߡ
ڽӣѩǸϵ԰μȻᣬ֪ᷢʲô顣
ŵġ
طĳĬѩζʮ㣬̾˿ˣҽЩˣͲȥѿˣ绰
á
ط縺أԼȻѩ뵽ȻȷʵѲ֪ռһϯ֮أһƺȻֽߵĻ˻ȥĿڵҪæߵ£ȥ㣿
ã
ѩܾˣȻ󲻵طػҶ˵绰
ǸˣͻϷûͬ֡
Ҷϵ绰ѩֻŴŵҹо˸аΪΪѣΪƣ㲵ʱ棬ˡ
ཡ
ѩط޷ཱུ
ԴˣжЩ𣬾ʵЩԲסѩ㡣
󣬲طֻתشֻٴ
һΣǡ
ø硣
ط½ȿڣǵĳƺܿ
ŵӣҸطҸطȻ衣ܿ죬ǵͨߵ紫طĶУӹɣڸ´
Ǹø磬£߲طܾ
ʲô£Щõʡ
ڸطʵ˵
ط磬ѵУμѵǼ滹ҪԵͳʵ
ø磬ҽȷʵ߲ɡطԣûзֻƽػӦ
ãǰõطһԷǲͱˣȻôƣϣ첻ˬԼ
£ǲطػֱӹҶ˵绰
طֻƮĶ꣬еĺ⣬΢΢һ
δһû䡣
ؼΣ


409 ָֻ

ˮƽߣָĲͬð˽˹Ҳżʡ
̷˽ǱȽ˽˹֮һϰС̷Ѽ˽ջܡ̷ֹ͡ǶɫѼ洫ա
ʮһʱǳר̷˽˹ݣȻ˾뿪Խ뷹ݣ¥ϰᣬվڴߣ¥¡
ʮӺ󣬾͵ǵȵЩͷʱطʻ˹˹Ӱ̷˽˹ſڵͣͣãӳ¡
طӼֵ˹˹Ӱ£üͷ΢΢һȻתߵɳǰȴطĵ
֨
ӣһ죬طŶ룬ɳϣкø硣
ٵˡ
ɫЩѿ˵طԼʮһ룬طٵ˶ʮӡ
Ǹ·Щ³
طǸȻֱߵһԵɳǰ
ȻЩˣƺ˺ܶ࣬Ȼͳ¾ͳͳ
ط֪ͨǰŮǰ԰ԼǼ棬ǡ˶³
ղҼ㿪˹˹Ӱ
ǿŰδط磬̾ʵ򼥷ؼң㿪ĳõģүүֳ
Ҹǲһһҵ񣬿ʲôû˹ܣǶʿҪע磬Ͻ֮硣
ط˿⣬΢ЦŹϲ˵ϲø㵱ίǣǰ;
һСɼҳݡ
˵ţȴ΢΢һĵ⡣
뼸ʮǰĻĹٳͬĻĹٳְһһӡﵽҪҲʱơ
仰˵ĳɵʱ䲻Ļǲεġ
ʮ꣬ÿһʱһΣνǻ٣ģǶһ޶
ңĿǰǶȫ򻯴Ҫһ֣ǼʵȨռ伫ĸλ
һУкǽ
ǿǫĻϵĵ⣬طЦЦû˵ʲô
Ҫ˵ң˵˵ɡ
ǿط磬ڴƳĬ뿪ӵԭҶ˵ˡ˵㣬㶼ʮˣôǰһ嶯֪֪Խ߾ߣᴥʷùپѹս룡
Ȼ֪ط˵
֪ôɣ
طڳؼҴٵļӣѵȻΪûصĺҲ˼ӵӰ죬Լ˲ӣؼҲܵһǣ仰˵ΪĨˣ
ҪøôǣҲͲᵱҵˣҲһԱˡطԳһЦ
ѹʺϹٳүүҲٳͲҪˣǴԽ˵
ţ֪֮طȻЦ
㲻ҪЦҸ㣬㼴㱻˲ӣ˹ٳҲӦܵѧôڶؼҵ˻ЦģǼѵ
ø磬⻰ҾͲͬˡҵôˣҲһݹ͵ʲôģ
طüͷѧȻΪ˱¾Ҳûõʲôģһٶذڳһ߸ϵѵ⣬Щˬˡ
ǣݹûʲôؼˣ
ۿطػҲüͷܲã˵ˣ㵱ҲͰˣȥŮڣڲѧı£ɱ˷Ż𣬺Ϊ
ɱĶǸɱ֮ˡط
ɱ֮ˣ٣֪ɱ˷Ҫģ
ЦҸ㣬Ϊм尵Ӱ죬Ϊܹƽ£
û£˵˲㣬˵㡣Ŀǰû£ҵΪûдɡطػ
٣ΪǣҸұ֤㲻ؼˣͱץˣ
ЦŨѵ㲻ؼˣû̫үΪܲպ˻᣿Ϊּ޴棬β뿪Ϊܲú춦ֲѰɣҵõܣܶ飬ܳͷȫΪؼң֪ô
Щ飬ÿһӰУȴմմϲ⡪ĺƣôİã
ø磬캰רŴѵҵô
طüͷҲϣմؼҵĹ⣬̫үأ㲻ؼˣλã

ǱԶԡ
Ϊؼ㾡ԴֻĻλá
Ҳǿż֧λõģ鶼ǶԼģ仰˵δһᷴ壬أܸȥʲô
˵Ψһܴѩ㶨ףؼҺȻȴ鶼ã˵㽫ڼޱҪ鵱ɶϷ㲻ŮƣĿŵȥף֪Ϊѩ֪֪ĺ
ˡ
һΣӦǵطֻ
һ̣طǺܲע£óֻѩ磬ѡͨ
ط磬ңȻСҲڣô绰㣬㣬ܸܲϻһ緹
绰ͨͲдѩܴһ
ৣ
طػǵɫüΪѿ
ΪͨѩĻжϳϢ
һѩ㲢طŮƵ飬صشϵط硣
ڶ˵æѧоֻ֮ʣѹ
һУһİƣϣ޵ݣ
壬һȥԷ
ط˵ţҶϵ绰ȻվӸµؿɫѿǣһһǣѪԵϵķϣһø磬Լ棬ѵ⣬ϣԼλãҵ黹ֲָֻź˵ģ
㡭
ָط磬˵ʲô
Ͳˣһûθڣټ
طޱشǵĻת뿪
ƨɣ


410 ʵ
顪
һ죬ط뿪˰ᡣ
ɫ࣬˫ȭգǽڷףȻŭ˼¡
ΪؼҴ٣õؼҵĴ֧֣;˳˳ˮδǰ;
һУߵأȥݼ⽮ԷҲǺܿ
ĳ˵ĵһͷʺط硣
Ȼ
죬øѵطط粢ûеһ£ʼնҶøؼҴȱӦеء
ѩ֪ĵѧоΪɾܾİݼȫǸӣʵǲ
֮⣬ΪѩطŮƣ˶ȡԼѩѹͲ⡣
һеһʮѻطȥǰǷĻֱӵȼеŭ𣬵طѾˡ
ž
һ죬ǵȼһ֧̣ݺݵţ·ŶԼ侲
֧̹̣Ȼֻͨؽİ칫绰
ã壬Сǡ绰ܿͨؽԼӵ绰תؽ
СǣԵȣȥ׳㱨һ¡
绰ͷؽ˵ţ֪ǣҲֹһμ棬ǵӡ󲻴ͬʱҲףؼһΨһһֱӸؽԻˣؼҴĽӰˡ
Сǣ㵽оô
ԼĪӺؽͲд
ллүүģһк˳
ԣæػصǹҵĹʻ֮һȫ򶼸ʢ￪չ˵һܴĿ飬ܽܵס飬Ṽүү쵼Ƕҵ
ͺá
ؽЦ˵кοȻʵˣ绰𣿡
ģүүҽԼط棬뽫ôһҪ̫ˣһЩǻѹͲҷ𡣡Ǹ״
ĹҪҲҪн𡣡
ؽԣɫЩѿЩ˵һ촥˺ߣΥ飬Ȼ˹
֪ˣүү
ǻӦţеŭ⳹ɢˣϸֳЦݡ
֪Լүүһᡢط硣
ˣͷйȲ˵ˣġ
ؽ׼ͨѵĹ;Ҫϧáպá⣬̫үµգٻһˡ
õģүү
æӦϵЦȴЩӲ
ͬؽϲطһؼ̫үһֱϲǣ;ߵöôһ˳ôؼҳôֺؼ̫үؼ̫үǲϲ
Ľ֮һ
뵽ؼڻؽִ֣ؼ̫үˣδؽƶ棬ֺת˲١
Ǵ绰ؽСͬʱط¥£԰ȴǸеһͷۡ
ͷ۲Ϊ˺ƤΪѩȥݷģǡȻͳ¾Ҳȥ԰Ůһˡ
޷һĻ棬ܾûһû̵սսԼ롣
ĵǣطǰ԰
ͬʱ԰
ѩڴһߺȲһ죬Ȼͳ¾˶ûڳ
ǲļҳľãʼΧһ⣺ȫ򻯵Ĵ£ھúȫ򾭼øúȥδӣ
ĳ˵ڽѧۣ˵ѩڽ˰ݷõĻ̡
ѩ㣬־̳ȻҪתսʵ徭áȻǰ꣬ȫʵ徭òʵ徭Ǹ⾭ศɡ仰˵ûʵ徭õ⾭ǿ¥󡭡
٩٩̸Ϊľ̩ɽȫԼͿ
һʤʮ顣
ѩţǳרע˵֮Ǹ̾Ȼлллڡ
ѩ㰡ͲҪҴñˣҿ̽һһˣ˵ʵأ⼸꣬ڹûѧо¹򡣡
ЦŰ˰֣ȻҲа̾ѩ⼸ǳָʵʵ֤ۣĺȫ򾭼δķչо÷ǳ͸ҽϴƣƶĿ͹滮
һУԶǹЩŸṩƽ̨˿ɱȣ׼ȷ˵ȫͬһϣ
ˣҿڻ
ĵĻ£ٽ⿪Χȹӳ߳һڲϣЦ˵˶ˣգС绰ˣȥǡ
á
ĵͷȻ˲ڿ
óȻϲط磬ط֮ĹϵȽܣͬʱҲ֪ѩطδ
Ȼڵ֪ѩݵһʱɫ¾뿪һȥ
ڹѩ㡣
˵Ȼ֪ѩ㡣
壬̣Ҹط绰ѩæڣȻóֻٴθط绰
̳Ҳã鳡ҲգʮȻѾͷĶְֻϣѾͷ顣
ĵͷѩ㵭绰ȴڰ̾ͬʱҲЩȤڴҺܺ棬СԺʹһУ


411 ʱ
Щ޷ӱܵģϲС顣
طһѩһŮ˵սԼδʱգҲûȻ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ԣһ޽⡣
ʮʮ֣ط类վڵ侯мʻ԰ͣͣȻֱ
ͷҲһͷҲһٶ඼ãˮ͡
ط˺ü׽ȫˣ׼¡
ţ
Ƭ̺طδﴫ˻ЦȻЦ
ʲô
Ӧǻײô
Ϊʲôо̸Ц
ͻЦطЩ£ɻȻƾɫѩڽСʱ£һЦԵúܺгá
ûеô⡣
ط簵ţȻӿŲܿ˵
ৡ
طһ֣Цͣ˲ԼͬؽĿͶ
·Щ³
طţװµӣȻؽĿͶѩ㡣
طԣԺµĻѩǰӡ
Ľ죬ѩ˼ɬۣ˼ֳ졢š
һͷƮݵĳڼͷ׼Ķ쵰ûͿĨκλױƷҲûٽëüͿں졣
һŴյգɾ˿˺
ͫںڷ·ųһĪܹ˲Ŀ⣬Ȼ󵭶ӣĿ·ϸһҪ㿴͸
һɫ֯ţпЬӣһҲʧƷζ
һУֻΪʵ̫ˡ
ֻǼ򵥵ɢεһѩ֮۵ѩֻԶۣҵɽȥժȡ
ǿڻ˺ľպħġ
طһһߴѩͬʱѩͬڿط硣
ȻѾƬ￴طܶˣط籾ˣôһ˲ʧ㱡
ͬطһطӡҲͣڰǰ
ʱط磬ΪྩԺĻħŰ裬һУ
ط磬ѩĸоǳȶ˫·˵һһ£˲ᱻ
С磬͵㿪ˣ
͵طѩ˵ĿײһͬʱվΪط˲Ρ
طջĿ⣬Ȼ첽ߵǰЦŵѩ㣬δ㳤ˡ

ȻطĻȻͳ¾ġٷ򸾣ѩ㱾ˣһ±ƣһؿط磬֪ط˵ʲô
Ҹûأ˵ҵء
ط籾ԾգջָԼδ֮ǰǰɡ죬˳æֲȵҾܲҵϵףҵĹ󰡡
Ȼй𣿡
ѩع񣬿ط˼ȻЦسطʵ
Ȼʶص˵ͷȻ־òԾ˵ǰƭˡ˵Ҳŷ֣һôƶ
ǰƶĺء
ѩ˵ȻңƶܻСʱϽһﾾõı治˵һ͵͵ڶõı󣬹⾪ãſˡ
£ʱȷʵܻ
Цŵͷһθ游ĸȥؼҰ꣬㱻ط۸ˡ

طһԣԼʵʵҪ˵ĺá
Ǳ߳Աġ
ļ״̲סһЦȻƱȳѩѵһ˼ҲˣǶȼúһ¡
˵ĶԣȼطæͷȻƱ
顪
һ죬
һ¶ǣĲ֪Ϊ˲طΣΪ˱ȻȻһͿأΪ˵Ȩѩأַ֡
һٷСʱƿƣպܺá
ͽȻ¾뿪ѧУطѩ뿪
Ѿͷ˲ð
طѩ̲ס̾
ǰ
ΪȻصͷƿطֿʼǰĻȨͨССʱȻ˼ദΣظȻˣС÷лԼʾԼݺ͵λֲȻѿ
ӶˣĿҲﵽˣͬʱҲС˲ΣԶȻɱȡ
ֹûȣȻڹƻûءĿɬһЦ
û׼ɵɵء
ЦЦȻЩ۵̾˿ȻȻòϣѾͷС䣬۸ܰ䡣
ˣ˵˴ȥɣǾͱˡҡҡͷȻ豭ڵغȲ衣
ͲҹŮҲôͻȻˡ
ۡ
ıһڲˮŵؿ٣ɣ
ҿΣաɫӵ˵һ䣬Ȼʼʰꡣ
ǲ˲죬豭£˳˼
ͬʱ
طѩûмȥ԰
ǵˣһ粻ˣӦȥ˰ɣ
£ѩȴƳĬȻǷʣȴһŵĸо
ò˵һǳŮˡ
ڰʾԼݡλȨ֮طǰڲἸŮ飬Ҳµطȥǡ
ô֪طһ
ԼýҪˣȴΪһûȥңҲֻˡѩ˵Լķ
Ӧȥġ
ط̾˿ֺڣûмʱȥѩ㣬ȥǼ档
Ǽܲ졣ѩ˵
š
طͷȻ˵֪ģҸС򲻵һǸһССͼ̫үңҲôΧššأƾȫ֧֣˳ɼһλáأϳӣǳһ£һѵˡһ濪ʼڳһ߸ϡţƺѵңҲ첻
ǡȻǱȥˣҲֻܱšѩЦŴȤ
˵ҲһɳˣʱܿΪ˻̽һȫ̽綼
طͬЦŴȤڣҸһѹɽ󰡡
ôҿһҲûء
ѩطһۣߵû˭˵ңүүվǰҲ֪ôдѹɽأ㻣˭
˵λȥ϶Ҫ棬Ҫؼ档ط˵̲ס̾˿΢΢۾ʱһᰡ
û۹⣬̫ǳѩֱԲ
Ϊʲôô˵طŤͷѩΪƺ΢΢
ΪԼ۹⣬̫ү۹⡣
ѩͣ½Ų΢΢¶ҴСеǣһȳ̫£̫ˡǻۣټĻģ˭ܳңؼһôˣΪʲôֻ㣿
˼̫үңطЦ
벻һۣѩͻȻ˵
ʲô
ط档
°ˣһٻɱ
ѩ㻺ڣʫطʱΡ
һ졣
ӱֱǹĿ絶վĺԺԺϿƮǺ죬оڴ


412 ¸ĸ
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֪֮룬ȥ̫ү飬ԳٳٲҸ绰ҲҸ绰
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ɽѩ㣬ӵ˵ȻãԸԸ޸Ҫ֧ѣ㶼ҪЯֹˡ
˵һ㣬ȫ米㣬ѩ㣬ΪŮˣӣ޷˵վı󣡡
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С簡ȥ𣿡
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ڣľⱲĵʱ⣬ҲõĻ䡣ѡһΣһǻѡξط˵
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ط֣صصͷɽĻС
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422 ж᲻ᵯ
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ڻĳ̫֮үƾǻۡһؼ𣬵ȴʼղģμʹĬĬһַʽΪҷţǻۺ;顣

ʹ
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ؽľ棬ط翪ˣʧĺǾȻģ۹ȥڣδҶΪԼΪ𡪡Լѡ·¹Ҳ꣡


424 ɢ
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չŴأᣬִΪ͵ʡ£ʱΪ졣
ؽ㱨֯شйͨ󣬶201827Ϊɽٰ񣬵ص㶨ڰ˱ɽǹݡ
Ȼɽ֮󣬲ΪţȫΪ̫ˣĹģ߼𣬺ܶжҪϯҪܶ׼
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λڰ˱ɽǹϲ࣬ΪྩߵɥַԭΪ˱ɽǹݵһҡ2008꣬һұԭַ˽á
ôԶȥһ¹ŽŨҵĻʷ̺Ϣ
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ط´ս鲢ҪսѧϢ쫷һ㴫˻ĺձѧ磬Ҳȫѧ磬𶯡
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һǹطǷӦսʣУطӦսֻ1.1طܾսʸߴ2.8
ڶطӦս˫ʤʣطʤʸߴ2.6ʤֻ1.3
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Ϊ׵һΪձѧһẉ̂ʦںţձ֮һġ١ǰط磬ɱӿ
δʼɱⱬ


450 ֮
ৡ
ͬʱʢˣڴͳѩˣ·ʤͼֵ¸գԼͬؽĿͶǰעʮų¼կĴʻ
֮⣬ЩΧط˵ĳ¼կǣҲǿǰʻĳӣȫһɻ⣺Ϊʲôô¼կ
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ǴʦαҪһ֮أ
ط䶷΢΢һЦȻһֿ˵Ŀ⿴̣ھͻ̾磬ֵĻᶼУ


451 ȫֻᣡ

ȻطĻʢѩ㡢¾Ȼ͵ȴԺӵ⣬ȫסˡ
˵֮ǰ̵ĻֻǸеȵĻô˿̣طĻˣ
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ܷʵܹǸɡ
顪
촫طһƳ̵ֱϣ˲ŷѱײһ
ײֱֻǱһѾ޴һ㣬顢ۣµķֱͨ۴ȫѪһ󷭹˫޷վȣҡΣ޷նֵ

ͬʱƿٴ
طٴ˦һƣ֣ɳ̵ûж似ٶȿ磬ȫ̶Ļᡣ
ৣ
ƾսܣٴεۼۣеֵ
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Ҳսѧ磿
ɽͷϣطӸµؿ̣ĿгŲм
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Ҫնɱ̣Ҫ̻


452 û
ɽͷ֮ϣطǲмһ˵̬ǿƶĻֳսǿڶͬʱҲͨӰ䵽ϣͶһذըֱըˣ
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453 Խ
Դۣľ׮һվѩӭųԣطӰеôĲʵ
ѽޣձѧһţǰһǿߣǴħ䣬ʮ֮ǰͻ̾磡
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֮ǰطֻɱʱִٳֲͬһҺŭ֣ȫʵֵնֱӱпһط硣
Х޷طߣ׷ױ𿪡
Աȫط粻㲻Ǵ߶غһھӿұۣȭ
ӭźХնֵһȭ
ǡȭȭ
ӲӲ
һĻ֮ǰط̶սʱķ棬ȭֵ
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˿̣طͻƻӲ൱ڻڵıֵΣ
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һֵ̣ݺݵطȭͷϣֲھŷ˳һϯط總ȭͷھײֱըѣһϯķ˵·졣
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طһѪٴη˲ܿƵÿһȵѿ
Ҳúһֻżû˵档
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ˣȻֳϹעһսĿɿڴ
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ҲӿֳһĨ޷ε𾪡
Ȼطղŵɱ̣дһֲԭڣȫ䱸˵ȫֵĻطڻɱ̵ͬʱƱػᱻɱ
ʱ˿̣ȫʵ֮طӲӲǰ£ֻǱûһƣ
һУ˾޴ĳڶҡɱطġ
Ǳһţձѧ֪ʦսһŷḻĲɱͼǿĴࡣ
˲̬ϵ𾪱鵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮һı䡣
ȻطսȫԤϣ߸ѧ֪߲ɱһ඼޷ŴճΪܵԵɣ
οطᣬɱսܣȫ޷Ტۣ
С磬ȭӦԵܳԿὣôĻýӦս
ʱ䵱ʦط硣
Ϊ䵱ţһʦȭԸƣ磬ƣ˷ʤһΪͽĻȭͷھΪУ͸ǿ
õģŴʦұ䵱ȡطͷʦĽ顣

ʦԣһƺطȻ䵱
ಣ
ʦ˲䣬ط书ʽȻһ䣬ַذԣ̤Źͬˮһ㣬űɱȥ
ѵƼնǬ
ϬţԳ֦ذ
䵱̫Ž
̡ȭ֮طҪ䵱ɽ֮նɱ


460 һһʽ
̫Ž䵱еٮٮߣ䵱ʦү
ýҡá̡㡢Ϊأݵԣ˽һԹΪ䵱ɽɽ֮ش֮
طҲ֪ȭӦԵȷʵЩԿղⱱʵʵѴﵽĿģΪˣʦѺ󣬱ֱӶ̫Ž
Ϊȫܣ
ۿطı书ʽýԼŭʤΪطڹ
Ϊκһ֪书ܲףѣѡ
һ£ߴ඼רһ书ֱһ书֮󣬲Żῼ书һ书֮ڣп书µġ
ν𣬱ָȭǹ͹ȵȡ
ڱطŶʮ꣬ղչֵȭǴʦˮ׼ٽȫѧ䵱ʦˮ׼ǲܵ顣
ܣ
ط綯ھۼףٶȿ쵽˼£գ֮䣬˱ǰ
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ഩ֣
һ̣طһֻҪԽŨ֣ܵٶȼ죬ҹǶȵꡣ
⾪ɣⲻմ
һ֮䣬粻֮У˼ˡ
˽һ

һ֣֪ûУطһ֣ʢ˿طҲȭһ̫Ž˴ʦˮ׼
ǣҲһʱһ㣬Щ죬ţֱӻΪһ
顪
һ̣ط뱱˵ײһʵĵײƾˣײΪԲΧĿ׷ըѣγһɿ񱩵ֱӴɢ˵ϵĻѩ
طһαһΣҶý֮ǰֻǵһ

֮طѸͬѹĵһ㣬򱱳һնֱն򱱳ĲνǿƵ˼㣬ȫϢתΪĻᡣ
ѻ𣬵ûŭʧȥ磬쳣侲ҽź벽ͬƵһתҰèһ㣬ɵضطնֽȻ־һֵնط硣
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ط·ϵʹûնһУȻһףñֵնգҽŵɨ򱱳̡
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طղŻ̫Ž˿̶ܱĹչʱȴϹ
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һ죬طһбֱۣھӿȣȻײ󱻻⣬û˵ȻñһΣʧȥġ

ô˻ᣬط繦ٱ䣬ٴλΪһ򱱳üġ
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ʧȥģ²ȣ޷ֻûΪбطֽ
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飡
˵ٴײһطƱбƲű̫Ѩָͬһ㣬ֱӴ̴˱Ķ䡣
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ѪĽھ飬ΪѪĭ
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طһ֣磬ȴȫϢĻᣬӰ棬ʼղű
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طĹͬˮһ㣬һһ಻ϣ仯ˣѷñֻм֮ûתΪĻᡣ
Ĺط˶㣬һǧɣҲҲ֮ǰſеֻغ;
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֮ͬǰһطѹȫ


461 ѪȾɽͷ
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˭ܸңôģֻǳս񣨻ڡ̳ڣмսĴڣǰʮôļֱţ
ͬʱעһսߡԱҲһĻˣٴ׷׾һв˼顣
ԭ֮ǰѾȵùˣòϣٴαˣҴûмһߣԽ书µģǺȭ𡣡
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ʢ뵽Ҷķɣ̾˿ϧûΪţΪ̫ླǿΧȻŻˣ˻ҪʹࡪЩǹ̳䣬һˣܼ尾ĥ
٣һսطʤӦûʲôˡЩ֪ط̳ͽܣ֪᲻ڣ
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꣬ǾһսҶ̳ΪˣͬҲûѧ衪ѧûΪ˸Ҷ㳲Щǿģ
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·Ϊӡ֤ʢжһɽͷ֮ϣڳطʮο籩Ĺ֮ΪӦ˰ģطһмͷɶɽͷ
ɽϣ缸ըѪģȥʮֲҡ
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ಣ
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ʮףʮףʮס

ָ䣬һ磬ӵطǰһ沿ŤĿгźɱ⣬ԵħҪط
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ͬʱطһȭбأȭͷǹͷһ㣬͸ȭͷմѪ⣡
ʱ䶨񣬻澲ֹ
طһȭ壬ڿУѪȾɽͷ
һĻˣ


462 һˣ
չ٣ɱСһննǿһ
һط޷޷Ѫ֮Ӳδʧ룬ڹؼʱƾսܣ΢΢ӭϣԼǿɱС̣
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屻طø첲ڿУǴһ㣬ҵس鴤ţɿٴ䣬ڵϡ
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أأ忪ʼֹͣ鴤еĹʼ䰵촽ķԽԽС
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һĻͺҶȴԺӵܷ׷״лع񣬼ش
ȻǶط籧ģղűһնطʱǵĶᵽɤϣΪطһѺ
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κڣĹǸҲһĵǣͬʱԼͬؽĿͶ顣
ֿԼڡ
ͷüͷɿһǵ˵ǲҪˣոʧȥɽؼҾѡ֮ǰǣһˣǺ춦ֲκһ˶ŲС
Щڶ۰Ͱ͵ضӶץסѱȨƺͷɵ£ĻǾԲԶǳֵģ

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ĿǰҪǣԲӦ䣬ȹ̷Ϊ
ٴοڣĿ䣬úԶԺʰЩǸСˣӶǣǵĵ۹ͼ
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ԭ춦ֲ֮΢ȺҲ֮ɢˣһܵŵĻƹһβˣɽȥطؼҾѣ־ۼһ𣬶齨Ⱥ
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ţǣǰһЩҪơĵȴץסѱǱ֮Q
ĬƬ̣ظϢָʾȻ˵ԭ򣬡ڣһὫоͶ뵽УµõĶֺ֧
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ٶĻŲɣͬʱгڴڴܹմ֯սʿȥɵط硣
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ˡ
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ˣҲˣҺԱļƻˣĻ
ط·±Ȼû꣬ԻԱˣֻ·һ
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Ϊˣ֪Աĵ鷢ˣ϶ͬȹϵϼתûٴţֻǳ˳ص
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Աú޲ǹͻͻȻŭڿʼøӱ죡

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Ͷֻ졢ү֮Ƶ붫ǵִ׸ҵٻڿĽͳͳеĲ
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˵Ҫ֮ǰ춦ֲӰ죬;Ϊٻһ붫˼
㣬ѡ񲻹һɱУȱ;붫ʣҲڼӸ𸴡
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465 
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466 
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ûлشԱỊܹ̆γˮ޷εĵǺͿֻš
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ȻطһȻЩûڣûڽӦôȻ
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Ϊʲôԣ骽㶼ԵģȻС죬һԹ
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һпƼ򵥣طΪ˲Ӱ쵽Ȼ˯ߣ˰ӡ

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ܿ죬Сطʾ骵ֻػˡ
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479 һŵĸ
Ȼɫĥ֮ط統ص˶ļԺ
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طÿǳѧ֮Уϸͻƻı仯ܽ뱱һսͬʱҲĥԼ书
ҶĺԸѧ˺ܶ书ͼںϸ֮һԼ书ΪǳʣԸա
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480 ڽ
峿ģԺĻľ¶һ˿⣬͸©Ų
طԺʯϣ骵ţͬ򷭵ζƿһʮָӡ
ʧϵûлӦ֮طʶҪ뿪Լ
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Ϊ˲˼룬״̬ӧ밸ǿԼæԱطڽȴû뵽ձ֮ٴκطϵһ


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ΪϢԣž޴ѹķʲô⣬޷ϼ쵼Ҳ޷ңԼĺ潻

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콭ԣٷϻֳܾ֮ת뿪
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󣬾͵׼ٴοڵʱ򣬱ԭȿˡ
ط磬ŮǵС
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㲻αװҪûƭǡǶ֮ƣԭԣһȻЦ
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487 ȥһ
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һȫػصڡ
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488 ˣ
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Ϊŵʵԣѩ㰴طŵ骵Ƶ
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ձ𣬵ͬʱҲձȫ򾯷ĳ裡
ûǸ骵Ůɱǽȫ򾯷һ죡

ϣܶ˶Դ±ֳ˼ķ߿ͬʱҲΪȫ򾯷ĳ裬ѹǰ
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һУɾҰһҵӺܲùֱʦͽɾҰ»˽ȨĻᡣ
¼ɾȨ࣬ݡλǰߣеȨҲˣⱣھˣνǷޡ
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֮⣬޽Ÿߴ׵ԺǽԺǽܲ˼ʮ㣬˽ӽᱻ㵽ӶʾŷҵļػУڷ֡
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Цݺܿ㽩Ӳˣ˫۵ɵùԲгŲ˼飡
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һУط߳ŷ
ףΪǸʲôʱձ
ĲɾҰһڲԣûмòˣУɾӢٴοѯʣǸо·һ̶Ըˣ޲طͷȥ̣
顪
Ӧһ죡
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490 ɱߣ˺ɱ֮
͵ɾҰһȲϣطձʱطˣһ߿ĴţֲھֱӽľʵĴ÷飬Ȼ˴

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һ̣ط߽ɾҰ˲ԼͬΪ̫ţֱײΣڵأֻѵһˤ˷顣
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491 Ĳõɱ
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493 ǹ
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494 ǹ
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Уǰǹ켸һ𣬺ǹͬˣǰǹһӣ
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ţҪսԭƻȫĦ־£
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ղĶɽľӢ⣬ȴܲ⡣
仰˵ɽصĻɹɱط磬ȥҲø彻
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Ҫţ˶ӣľͲݴڻǰҪվᱻ֣
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ҽʦǧҶʦˣٹȥ

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Ϊ֪ԼɱƱؾǧҶˣ˶סˣҪԳ֡
һٽʱ˷Щɽ龫Ӣϡ
ҪɽӪжĵƻ
ɱɱͷ졣

ҪɱǧҶǿߣ


496 书ٸߣҲӵ
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ʱ
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ѪŽӵ׼ȷޱȵػǧҶüģĺ
书ٸߣҲӵ
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497 κв
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ʬصˤڵϣ˫۵ɵùԲϳ벻ģֱֹͣһ̣޷ԼطС
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Ĵȱӵ䲻ж㣬ս󽵵ͣʶûг֣һֱԶս
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Ǵеٶȴ󽵵͵ĻطʮӣطҲֻɱطķݣ
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һʱһʱջջһʱѡ롪Ǵһû˵ҽڵϱ
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ա
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˿̣ȻľĻ֪ľɱʧˣģ·Ҫĳɤһ㡣

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طɾӿֳ֣Ǳʩħһ㣬ȫԭأá
ǧҶ̻֯ɱȺطɱǾĲõɱֶط粻κв



498 ɱͶ
ҹĻ£ɾӲܿƵضСȶǳƵģϵشתǸо·ʱ
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еһ˿Ǹˣ
֮⣬иҲֻǸʼձѧ綼ҪΪص͹طսصĴۣ


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ߣƱ㣬һߣԶ
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502 ν壡
Ϊ˱ҹζ࣬ݵĽ̸ط콭˸ˡ
촦ղмҲ˵»δʱͼδ绰ϵ˧ձ骳֣һֱûлҡҸ£ǻ£ֻԽ͵ʹݡ
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콭ԶԣȻ̲ס̾˿ȻҲ֪֮飬ܹðձں㡣仰˵˲࣬˵ëǡϾ˶˵ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɡ
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ЦţЦţ̲ס૳ϵĸжڴ
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503 ط粻ǣ
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ҳϣҿƬͱעʱˣʱԺĵһӦǲܡط粻һУ
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̶̲һʱ䣬طĬĬڰȻɱʮģֻɱڶʮ˺͵ʮǿߣǸʲôĳλŷ޵ĵԱʵ
ǧҶʵ֣ǰʮǿ߶ռϷ磬οмʮڰﾫӢɱָطɱˣѵѾ˻۷壿ϴ뱱ԾĻһ㣬ôһеģ
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ΪǵļУľ⵶Ļÿһִ񣬶ͼַͻİȫĵԱȥү̽
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طսᣬձΪĹأ
ȫѧΪط׳ٶڵͬʱųձĹҰձڶɾͬʱ
ζţǽԳֻɱط磡


504 Ŵ
Ұɾ̶ط緢ɱҪԶط֣
Ϣһʱ䶯ȫѧ磡
һδƽһ
Ǵ˴¼ʵдա
طܹ뿪ձô
䶯󣬼йעжһʡ
Ұɾ̳ζŻط糹ŭձѧ磬ڣȫձߺ͵ṲͬΧ˻ط磬Ĵǣ
Ȼطһһ˵һһε߸Ƕ֪Ϊ׶༪٣Ҫձ
ձ񹬱Ұ壬ɾʮ֣ܹ˲طʮ
עµ̳ͨڵĸԼĿо󲿷˶ΪطˣܵסձѧΧˣ
طȷʵǹҰɾ̵Ķֲ֣ɵôܺ潻֣
ûطȻ򲻹߰
ҲطѾձ
Ҳв˿طܹ뿪ձͬ˵ֻҪط粻͹Ұɾ潻֣ձܹɱ
οѡߣ

ģྩĳı
ͽѩ֪ͨطѾɹӪȳ˿Ȼ뵽ط޷ͨ뿪ձҽ⵽ձѧΧˣüͷšһγһͣüĿ֮価ǵǡ
һȲͨȻĵ绰
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绰ͨɾȿڣȻʹȻʮֿΪôŵٴ϶Ǹ
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پҪİɾ￪żɽ˵
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پطǸձ飬ɾ壬Ҳձѧ硪ңҪձֻǲϴˢ裡ɾ˵Щ
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ٴϳĬƬ̣Ӧ
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ийŴ򹷣Ǹܹϳ򣬷ձȻΪĹأ
ɾ˫ȭգһĵĺ⣡


505 Ȯ
ǧҶձѧ֪ļ壬ҲǴԶļ֮һ
ִƼķչڳʿձߵҲԶѧԻʱڡ
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ǧҶѧ̲ͬȻѧĵ·ҵֻǸ
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ҹλǧҶصǧҶȴǵƻͨ
һУֻΪǧҶ
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ϵĺ죬޲̽طʬΣΪȥǧҶ
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506 ŭ
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طѪϴǧҶѾȥüСʱˣΪǧҶʮƫƧϽԱ룬רͨׯ԰ĵ·ӾʾΪֱϾŵӵʱȻû˷ǧҶĲҰ
ŵӵʱһﰣʻͨǧҶصĵ·ϡ
Ϊձ糤ǧҶϱĿ񣬶һŰɫʿŮǲϵشŵ绰
ŮӽаգǧҶ֡
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쵽ˣôˡǧҶ˵ţüͷøˡ
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ֱΪ˸ɾͷǿΧųƻľսҶʵݲűǿ֪֯
һΣسΪ˺ձѧҫɾϣ
磬ҸոսӵϢǸѪϴǧҶ壬ɱˣ绰ͨɾȿڣڲ

ͬҰһɾϢ𾪣ȻʶطַͨʽӦսʮջ
磬ϸǸϣͨΪһгرˣȻǧҶ壬ôпҪɾ壡
ɾ˵Լ绰ĿģΪ˷ֹһзҽʱصء
á
ɾ̵ͷӦһѡعأھͳطؼأһйϵǸ쵰Ĳص㣬Ҫ


507 ʲôʲô
ձ47ΨһĵҲһΪձ˱ĵҲ21졣
вߣܵͣвɽغɽʵϴΧǹƽءɽռ60%лɽռɽ40%ɭָռ70%ϣ֮⻹ѩΣѩ
ѩñΪձ֪γ֮һӶĵҲΪձֲӵѵڵء
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ĳ˵̻֯ܲһ°ǼƵꡣ
һУֻΪɱְҵʵ̫ˡ
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Ϊǰɽίе񡪡骣Ҫɽɵط磬̻֯춼ûнµļʮɱȫܲ
ͬһѵɡ˯Ȼȴĵ̻֯ɽҴȴʳѰ
Ϊɽձѧ硢̻֯Ϊط羫Ĳõɱֱˣ˶ط練ɱˡ̻֯ʧ˰ľڵɫɱ֣
ɽҴɵ֪طѪϴǧҶ֮еĲֱģطǧҶ̻֯б
ΪеĲɽҴ̻֯ɱ֯ĳԱٿ顣
ѩطʲô
ɽҴֻ飬鿪ʼȳ̻֯鱨ѩʵ
ռ鱨ɽձ綯һ黪طĲ֮֮⣬ձ;鱨ҲڰЭ飬Ŀǰûв鵽طĲص㡣ѩ˵Լռ鱨
᲻Ѿձ
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Ȼ뿪ձΪձĳ裬ϣ뿪
ɽҴ̾˿δĳԱǰĵĲ
죬Ļطǽбص֯ٿר飬оԲߣ
οڵһСӣ̻֯ѵˣרŸΪ֯ѵɱ֣ѪҺ
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죬ΪֿԲ󡣡
ѩٴοڣǵطǧҶб̶ܴΪǧҶǧҶأжڱܹ鵽ܲλãձֵǰܡ
죬ģܹ˳ҲûáȻսֲ޷ǵĻأ
һΣڵһ۾ӣ̻֯ˣ˸Ϊ֯ɱֹáװ־֮⣬֯ܲؽ裬˺ܶأֻҪǸ֯ĳԱ޷ء
ΪܲĴһϽţҪ˵ڵҲ޷俪ֻ֯ĳԱͫɨ衢ȷݺŻῪ
Ϸ̫಻˼飬ǻСΪ
ɽҴԣüͷɿһЩȻЩģֱţ֪ͨˣȷеõط类ɱ뿪ձ֮ǰϽ֯Ա
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ͷ󺺵һʱ˸ɱִ֮⣬Ҳɱֵճ죬϶ȥŮˣĿǰûл
绰ػأ
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ѩ˼״Ҳ׷뿪ͷڻصԼķɽҴɵָʾͨ˾϶ĵ绰
绰ͨͷ󺺳ʵ
ˣڻػص·ϣҪô
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Ӻ󣬾϶ũֱ߽ũһľݡͨصİľ
ľݣ϶վһʵǽǰǽ˸ź⣬ɨ۾

ܿ죬һ죬ʵǽڻֿһš
϶밵С䣬վԭزٴαɨ衣
ǡ
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طͨؼ̵ĵͨڴŻϡ
طˣ
ͬʱ̻֯ܲļһصɱڼĻϿطӰһȻóԽֵش


508 ̻꣡
̻֯ԣι̵İţΪ˷ֹ˽ܲüأΪ˼֯ɱ֡
ΪɱֹƧѪԸ̻֯µɱֲһ飬Ҳìܣһ֣йһɱɱһɱֵӡ
˷ֹɱ֮以ɱ֮⣬صһ֯ɱֵĶ̬ѵȵȡ
仰˵̻֯Ƽصʱѹûüˣ
˴̻֯ܲǻƻŮϻΡͷһأ
ΪһУڼֵɱֿط̻֯ܲüӣŴлعȻ󾪻ʧöԽӢ㱨
㡭˵ʲô
ӢֱӴɳֱԼĶ䡣
Сˣطˣ˻ͨɱضżػ棬ٴ㱨
ৣ
ٴµĻ㱨Ӣɫʱˣ
Ϊ̻֯ɽҴʮֵǲ´Ӣڻһʱ϶˵绰֪϶ϻصغ󣬱
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ͨ˶ԣ̻֯ܲĻػأò˼飬طһҲþȺ⡣
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طͻȻ֣ļɱǴײһ㣬Ǵסˡ
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ҵʹǣطûֱȻ벻ţǸо·ʣطôصģ
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ͬʱž֮󣬳ȥļɱ֮⣬̻֯ɽҴڣɱֶ˶ԽӢĴС

ӢĴ𣬰ɽҴڣ˶סˡ
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飡
ܿ죬ڼɱֽŲĵȴУķűطһ߿

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ط·׼ƵģˣתȻһ߳
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509 ߳
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һУط綪еMP5A1ǹȻҩ⡣
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磬֪ģӵпԻɱǧҶʵ־ͨսʵǱĻҪ˵ͨˣǼߺ;عҵһѵ顣ɾ̾
Ϊʼ޷鵽طϢרžʹ˶йóĽۡ
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֪ǻɱطľѻᣬҪټձ̺սطҳһǳѵ顣
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510 ƾͼ
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ͬʱ
ܲ󷽵һɽϣطһôԣԵһ㣬ĵصȴš
ɾ̵˽
ƾͼƣ׼֮֮


511 
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طɿΪĸ⣬ȻǰѪ⣬ҵɾ̵λá

ͬʱҵʹɾ̴ӻܵţʹ
طȥǿɾϵĽͳ֫ȫֻʣӺԴɾ̡
ҹĻ£ɾ̾ҵŤţһ䶯Ѫ⡣
Ȼƾ辪˵ľԣһʱס֫ը飬ʧѪ࣬ʱƣֻʱ⡣
ɾ̣ûǳҵԤϰطӸµؿɾ̡
졭쵰
ɾǺؿط磬沿Ťŭڣ΢
һ̵ڵûˡ
ǲǺ⣿Ҳû뵽ҵ
ɾǳŭ⡢΢ɾ̵Ĳ״طû˿ͬʴȣеֻĮ㲻øе⡣Ȼǵһеǰʮ֣Բһ꣬ΧʦˣһŹһһµ
㡭ǻľͽܣɾˡ
Ϊ˸ʦôðôķգƾͼƶԸأ
طӸ𸴣ȻȻûôһζ
㡭ҪʲôɾԣͻȻ־
һš
ط˵ţһץΪһѪɾ̣ȻѸٸϵܲҽңҳҽƾ豸ʼɾ̵
ɱɱң쵰
ۿطΪԼֹѪƣɾ̾ҵţþ˻ţȻС
꣬Χʦɱȴϳ书Уĥ
طһ߰ɾ̴ƣһĮ˵ţҲȥζţ֮⣬Ϊ㴦ƣȻƬȥʮǿߣ䵽³һܺ䶯ɣ
㡭쵰ɱҡɱң
ɾΪʮǿߣӵǿ־Ľ֣Ҳ޷ܡ
޷˿̵ģǴ磬ĺ䶯
һֱ̣̬ӱˣ޲̽طʬΡ
Ȼ˿̵Ҫ˵ɱط磬ɱ
ط粻ٻӦɾ̣Ѹٵشɾ̵ƣȻ֮ͬǰ˵
ܿͻˣǻһʱ佫͵ҽԺ׾Ȼ㡣
طֻɾ΢΢һЦ
΢Цɾ̵Уħ΢Ц
һ̡
ȻãûлɱҶһĴ



512 ٹ֮ɱط
ͬطԤϵһ뿪ܲûãʮХ֮ܲ⣬һֱܾ
ĶѸԭ
һΪɾ̳ķɻִﱱ;ɾҪܲɱطļƻ֪顣
ڶطֳĶʵ̫ˣ
ըը졢һ̣˺ܶ˯еˣҲ˱
ʲô
оܲʱеɻ
Ϊɾļƻɾֻ̳ɱط磬Ƕִ
ɻǽܲΪ¥͸ʱȫɵˡ
޷ľÿһ˵
Ȼǲ֪ʲôýֺͷ뵽һп϶طɵģ
أǷлڡ
󣬱ֵһ´
ǣγ
ϰԣ׷״лع񣬴
£Ƿɢʼձֵָʾ
Żĵƹ⣬ؿǵϳ޷εĿ־塣
־壬ΪǱطֶŵˣ
־壬Ϊǵط绹û뿪طʵɱǸ׼һף
γҽҷɾ̴ʦ֫ûˣƽ˼򵥴Ŀǰţ
Ƭ̺ǰҽҵľ췢ɾ̣һʱ㱨
㱨æ˸ϵҽҡ

ȻѾ»㱨ɾ֫ûˣɾ̵ʱǱԭء
ҽҵĴϣΪձڶֵɾ̻ȾѪѪͳճһէһȥһźںѪ⡣
֫˿ȻֹѪɴˣûгֹסѪɴȾͨ졣
Ҳûаǿߵķɣ˫Ŀ񣬷·һˡ
ɡɾʦ﷢ʲô𾪹󣬱̲סʵ
ɱɱҡ
ɾûлӦֵĻŤͷ˻Ƶؿڣдſζ

ɾ̵ķӦñٴһ㶣Ȼʵɾʦطը˻أˣ𣿡
ɱң
ɾٿ󣬶ǳ˷ŭڱ
γûˣʬ嶼Ҳǻȫ˱ըС
һΣȱ˵ʲôԽﴫµĻ㱨
̽ɾʦҽԺΡ
µĻ㱨һ£ֱָʾ
ɾ̶ǱըɵˣŻһ
£ɾ̣ת߳ҽңȻϼ㱨
Ӻ󣬾Х뿪ܲ

ͬʱ
ɾݡ
Ϊɾ峤ɾûе֪Ǳ߷飬гŲ
ΪڹȥһСʱһֱͼϵܲûгɹ绰ȫͨ
ѵʧˣ
֮࣬ɾӿֳһͷ
ͷ֣һֱӳס
ɾԣɾĵ̣Ҳǻɱطϣɾ̳ĻǶɾԣֱجΣ
ܣʵǿǸ޷̵Ŀܣ
ܿ죬ɾҡҡͷɾ̵ʵطԷ̻ɱɾ̣
ˡ
ɾĻ£ֻ𶯵𣬴˷İ
ɾһ飬óֻһȴֲܲ硣
ձһٴϣ
֣ɾһһٴɤϣеĲֱ

ɾһ˶Ȼͨ˵绰ãٴˡ
ɾ֪𣿡
ٴϿʵӣ֪ɾļƻҲû뵽ط̡ᷭ
ʲôɾʶţŵס˺
طը֮ܲ⣬ȫ˱ըСȻţ֫ըˣ־壬һֱҵɱٴϽոսӵĻ㱨ɾ
ʲʲô
ɾסˡ
ȻΪղ޷ϵܲӽӵٴϵ磬кǲҲ뵽Ǳ߿ܳˣٴϵĻɵˣ
ΪеĸΪ⣬ֱ̫ˣ
ɾҶԴͬ顣
ٴ̾˿ɾ̺öɾ塣
ô
ɾ޷ʵʶţ֪ٴϣԼ
ǾĳжϣطӦѪϴ̻֯ܲ󣬴̻֯ܲŪըҩȻ뿪ܲʱ䣬ըҩܲȵ˷ܲըٴ˵
ٴٴϵĻɾһһ㽫ֻ˳ȥ
˵ϡ
ٴ϶֪úɾ̶ɽɾ壬οԼ
κ˶ʧȥúɾ̵ɾ壬ڱצӵϻձͷλýȵ컹ѡ
ҪɱǸ飡
ӺɾŴӾ޴ĴлعǷһ㣬һش
ձܹɱֻйҰҰ޷ҵɱܡ
ٴ˵µҲϣһʱط磬޷ԤϽᷢʲô顣
ɾĬ֪ٴ˵ʵ
Ȼһ취þ
ٴֿ˵һ飬ǸطȻսֲŷḻս飬ģΧ˵ĻǿɱġĻƱػᵼ´ʿһ޴ĺ䶯
۸ôĴۣҶҪɱǸ飡ɾٴϵ˼±̬
㾡Ҿ˰ɣҲ˴к룬ҲϣǸطˣֻҪ㸶һĴۣǻְɵطġ
ٴ˵ϾǸط뿪ձǽΪձĳ裡
ã
ɾӦȻϵˡ
һСʱձ߲ٿһ顣
ֻ˰Сʱһ¡
ϧһдۻɱط磬ط뿪ձ
ǻվ
þٹ֮ɱһˣձִʷ³һʣ


513 Ƕ
ձ´Ҫ󱱺פۿڣϲ·վγܵķϽط뱱
֮⣬ҰΪ˺ձѧձϣҲһʱս
ձļƻԵĻǾСĴۻɱط硪þΧط磬ȻɹҰֽطɱ
ѹһڱеĽֵ·ϺХٲȻһһ䱸̬
ĳֿ⡣
ط翴Žͨ۲췢ȡҪͨͷװشǰͷСǰ
ȷһ֮طóõֻͨɾĵ绰
ɾھñɾزеĳش󣬻ʹΪޣѰĴۣΧط硣
ڵ֪û˯һֱڼݵ鷿ȴط类ɱϢ
ȵȵһİ硣
ιλ
İ磬ɾһȻͨ˵绰
ɾҸľϲ㻹ôط΢Ц˵
ط磿
ȻطĻɾٴһ㶣Ȼжϳطݣ´λվ飬㲻ſձʵʩΧˣˣ
ô
ط粻мЦˣձ֮ǰǾĲɱ֣ΪˣҸɵˡ֮󣬹Ұɾ˷ҪҵձѪϴǧҶ塢̻֯ܲܲɾ̣һΣ˵ˣÿô

طĻһѷذͱɾѣûֱ£٣һʱûлػ
ϴɾĲӵţϾȥȡĹɱɾкĳԱط
ããã飬ҵɱңɾһ⣬־ŭ
ط̬ʮַŭ޲̽طңйͷ֮ޣͬҲطĻĪľ֡
ͬط˵ȻձѾܼķҲ޷֤ձһڱطɱһطӳǱ뵽Ļɾجν֮󣬿Ҫ
һΣطû˵ʲôǹҶϵ绰ɿس嵽ǰֿĳ㣬ȻϢؽֻػһ뿪Ļ档
֮ǰѾ۲ˣװĶСǰġ
һкطƾֲٶȣ֪һװش׼ǰۿڵĻԱߣȻһ˳ףϵİȫϵײ˫ץײȷ汣һȫ롣
ܿ죬ǰĻʻֿԺطŽȻ෴ķȥ
ɾ˵ҪȥҪȥɱɾ
Ϊ֮ǰ˲ֹһ֪ˡ
һ£뿪ձձΧˡһΣյ飡
ԣüٵݣɻ뿪ձѾвͨˣΨһİ취ǳ˴
Ůȡϵ֪賿ʱ򣬻һһִӱۿڳǰĸɽۿڡ
Ϊ˱ҹζ࣬׼һ뿪Ϊʱ̫ͨߡ
Ϊˣɾ绰ĿԻˣõΪ뿪ͬʱֻֽǰĻϣձӣٴ𵽽ߵĿġ
Ȼ
ɾ
طͨɾһʱ䲦ͨձһϴĵ绰
پҸղŽӵǸĵ绰Ҫɱң绰ͨɾȿڣֱ⡣
ʲʲô
ȻɾĻٴϲһδҲ̫˰ɣ
ǵģȫûнձ;ɾ˵
ôſĻҪҵҪһʱ䣬Ȼ¶ϢԶˣ
ٴЩŭ˵ɾǸ绰ͨʱ䷢ңھͶǸ绰жλͬʱϵΧˡ
õģپ
ɾæظȻٷϻֱӹҶϵ绰طղõֻͨʱ䷢ٴϡ
ٴϽӵֻͨʱձϢŶλ׷١
ٴˣѾλֻźţźǰ·ϣźƶٶӦһϡ
̶̼ӺϢűٴϽ˻㱨֮⣬ͨﷸͨʱλȷﷸڱXXֿеͨ⣬Ӧǰвĳ͵͵ǰ
֪ˡ
ٴ㱨ûκָʾǲͨĳλ˵ĵ绰
پﷸղɾͨҪȥɱɾ
绰ܿͨٴϿżɽѾ˶Ǹֻ˶λﷸXXֿĵ绰˿ֻһǰĻϣҽ̵ΧﷸϣǷֱӻɱʱΧȴҰٳ֣Ǿᡣ
پﷸⱩ¶Լλãȥץ𣿡
绰ͷٰ微˵Ҫ֪ﷸͨսʶǿҸҶ϶Բǰϡ
˼ǣ
ٴüͷһҲǹһ㣬ûм´
ΪڹԻǣҪȥǸۿڣ˴뿪ձΨһ;
ٰ微һǵҵĽǣǲҪΪﷸСֶδǵĲ𣬰ԭƻСϾڻ͸ۿڵı㹻Χɱˡ
ã
ٴ룬ٰͬ微Ľ飬ȻֲҽȶԸղǸʱγĻѲ飬ȷûвڳϡ
ԣǾ𣡡ٰ微˵
ðɡ
ٴԥһ£ǴӦȻֱӹҶϵ绰绰´
ò˵ձжٶȺܿ졣
ӺʮͨۿڵĹ·ϣסطŵǸ˾ɫס
ʮȫװľ죬žȮԻϸѲ飬ûκη֡
ѵĺϸ̻˰Сʱ
Сʱʮ뿪·
ǰĹ·ߣطһô棬ʻ󣬶Ȼٶȷӵ£׷ϻȻϻٴ˳ס
֮ǰ˾һʱ뿪˻˾Ѳ飬˿ٴλصϣΪѾϸѹˡ
һ£ǰۿڵ·Ͽ϶ٱ¡ѲˣֻеշվŻٴα顣
Ǹʱ򣬾ۿѾǳˣȫ뿪ͽܿձĶ½أǱۿڡ
ʱΣյĵطȫ
νºڣˣ


514 ΪĳЩ鸺
ձ;æµһҹǰۿڵϸѲ飬ͬʱÿһҳĻֽѲ顣
֮⣬ҲǰѲ飬ÿһλԱݽϸ顣
Ȼ
ûҵط硣
طǴӱһ㡣
ձ;޹⣬ͬʱҲŵɾطµĺݻΪʵ
־֮£ɾձձɳһʦػɾݸȴطɱš
ͬʱطѪϴǧҶ塢̻֯ܲܲزɾ̵ϢҲ˳ȥȫѧٴʮ
ϵ۰˭ܸңطôһеģ
ɾ̿ʮǿߣȴطزУѵطʵѾܹŽǰʮ𣿡
ҲΪطܹزɾΪըҩ͵ϮɾһֲڻûнǰʮʵδУǰܹȥ
Ϊ̲ҪҪձ¼Ľ֤һ㡪ط䱸ִȫǰʮľǿߣ

ȫѧٴΪطٶչ飬в˶طǷܹǰʮľǿչұۡ
ݿɿϢձ;ѾΧ˻ط磬ƱҪطɱձ
һǿҲܶԿһҵľӺ;죬طҪձˡ
طӳձǽձԶս֮ĳ裡
ֹǳ裬ҲձԻĵһҰܣҽܸһˣţ
ȫѧط׳顢֮ձ;ΧطϢתע׷طܷ뿪ձ
һЩ֪ĲʻΪ˿̿ڣطܹӳձĸ11.5طڻĵ12.4
ʻطܹ뿪ط硣
Ϊʷϣûһ˿Ӻ;Χ˵ǰ»ȥǰ
ϾӺ;ֿʹɱִһ˺սһľǿߣҲ޷⡣
ȫѧΪطͬʱһһ׼ʱִ˺ɽۿڡ
طȻϢ뿪֣Ȼ뿪ۿڣδǵע⡣
Сʱ˳ɽһǼƵ꣬Ǽסһ䷿䣬Ȼ˾Ƶ깤ԱһʲƵСѣöԷ·
طƵ귿䣬ϴ˸ˮ裬Ȼ󶩺˷ػĵĻƱ
ˡ
طһк
ط򿪷ţĲǾƵĹԱһȺȫװľ죬вؾ
Ϊطձ飬ȫѧעͬȫ򾯷;עΪΣշӣΣյȼSSSΣյļ
طھƵǼ֮󣬸ɽһʱ֪Ϣ
һȫװľ죬طû¶˿ľţһ˿ȶûУǸо·ϵһƵġ
ֻǽﵱҷػĵתվûʲôҲϣʲôôط翴Ϊ׵ľ죬΢Ц˵
ҿԽȥô
طĻΪ׵ľ죬ط翴˼ӣȻ˵
Ǹɽһ֣صشǰΪץط磬ŪطɽĿġ
Ȼ
ط΢Цŵͷһơ
ɽһԣȺȫװؾ˸ƣЩؾ״׷ˡ
Ҫǣɽӭ㡣Ҳţȫκһҵľ춼Ỷӭ㡣ɽһֽ뷿䣬ɳϣ˵
ͬҲϣԸΪСطЦ
ǵģ
ɽһɫѿسһ㣬Ϊһ㣬Ҵ㣬ץ㡣ҲûǸֻ֪ɽĿģ֪ʲôʱ뿪
Ҹոն˻ƱϾͻǰط˵
Ϊ˱֤˵һʵһڽСʱҵ¸㣬ֱ뿪ɽ㿴𣿡ɽһٴοڣȫһĿǡ
Ϊطȫһɷ񣬲ܵҪߡ
ԡطܸɴͬˡ
ллϡ
ɽһлȻ̲ס̾˵ʵܳɹձȫߣҸе𾪡ͬʱҲţϢһԻȫ򣡵Ȼ뿪֮ǰҲҵ˴Ϣ
ûϵҲ⣬ϾǺձӲΧңôطνЦˡ
Ȼ˵ûǸɽմκιϵˣټϣԶҪ
طĻطһνЦݣɽһָеĪĿ־壬˵ţ첽뿪˷䡣
һСʱطװĵصִ︪ɽʻ¼һСƵȻƵԶѩ㣬ѩͨ
ǻط磬ںɽΪձĳЩ鸺𡣡
ÿ˶еߣҲ⡪ߣƱ㣻һߣԶ
ҶĳЩѣûнҵѷϣӡԺڽ飬ұ֤ձı磬ݣ
ƵǸһǱձɱձѧ絨ձ;Χ°Ȼ뿪꣬վһӡǺʻĻĺչ˾Ŀͻ棬ͷǺ죬ɫƽ˵ⷬ
һ졣
ձΪһƵԶرʷĳϡ
һ졣
ȫ硢ѧ硢;ΪһƵ𶯣


515 ط
ط簲Ȼ뿪ձصطһƵ֤ҲǶԵ˵ľ档
һУȫѧ𶯿ǰ
Ϊɽ̻֯ձ磬ǰ߱طãֱӱȫ
ǧҶɾձѧҲǰǿڣǶطС
֮طձ;Χˣӳձ
˵طձ֮֮ǰȫѧ磬ֻΪ¼䲻˼ѧ츳Ļô˴ձ֮֮ȫѧĳ֮⣬壡
ȫѧܶ˵Уطʵ޷ǰʮľǿᲢۣΣ˿
ǵѧ磬ҲȻ
طΣյȼֱӱSSS߼𣬼Σյ֮һ
͵طĺչ˾ĺ࣬Ӹɽྩͬʱձ߲ٴٿ˽飬λΪһᡪ˴Χжձٰ微;ٴڻб㱻ձˡ
ưͳԻп˵ֻܵͷ
֮ڻʩѹûľձһ˵ҪַͨʽȻĽط罻ձá
һʱ䱻λԱ
Ϊձ¼Դͷɽ顢̻֯ձѧĴͨٳ骣طǰģĲɱҪɱط磬طչһϵб
طĹУû˺һ޹ձ
һûУ
֮⣬طҲûкձձκγͻ
һ£ձ棬˵ҪӦձһ
ٰ微ٴ϶һӵĻǺؽŭйɾϡǵһȺɾ˵绰ɾɾﵱձˣ
ɾˣ
ӵٰ微ٴϵĵ绰춼û˯ɾ㲡˫ͨ졢Ŀ̱Լ鷿
κ˶Ѿ޴Ĵۣ;Χط磬˱֮⣬Ҫϴˢطձĳ裡
طձĻɾشֻҪо;֧֣ȻȨɽ飬ձͷλá
ط뿪ձձʷĳϣٰ微ٴϱ˺ڹеΡ
һУζɾ󲻵ʧȥձձ֧֣һ˳׵
ˣٰ微ٴҲáˡ
ɾѾʧȥĵ̡áľɾֳ̣׵ձձյĽ֣ýֺͷ뵽
һҪɾ尡
ɾ˵һ仰ȻѪ鷿뿪
طȻδɱضȴһַʽȡɾ

ͬʱ
Ϲɳ
Ϊƶߵһʱ֪طձϢҹۿطƵ
Ϣͬجһ㣬˶ˡ
һ˵һִ׹ĸо
Ϊ֪طǱձɱǧҶȳ֮ȻطսҲһΪطˡ
ɾ̺͹Ұ´طıɱձ;Χط磬طˡ
ط뿪ձ
ֽȻķĴģͬʱҲ޴ѹ
ϾƹܵطѾ
磬ôôձ;Χӳձģ
ΪֵκĶ棬̲סʵǸоƺֱ˿̣Ȼ޷
ң˭ȥ
Ӧκܵһͺ鲻֪ЩʧأַͨʽйΪԼѹ
󡭡磬ȻսȫǵԤϣڻ̫Լձɱ䡣
ŭ⣬κûһԹԣӲͷƤԵֻҪǽҪȥδؾ͸Ҷʲôһǳ֣ڵЩȨӵһץסİѱ÷ɵ
Ը˰ɡ
̾˿ںľϣʧ
ʧΪļƻһطձʦϣޣ棬Ľ
ļƻΪӰ˵һҪڽط£ĵӡ

ʡʡ֡
ΪԱڰ칫ǰعļƷĺá
һ棬֪ؼʧȥؼ̫ү룬ؼҵĲѾСˣ΢΢ĵز
һ£ţֻҪĿǰĹλһЩɼܿͻ뿪ߵĵλ»صռ;λȥ
һ棬Ҳ˵طձ飬֪طпҪձ
˫ϲţܲã
ˡ
͵׼ȥ豭ˮʱϵֻ
óֻһҶӷƵ磬ֱӽͨ
ӳձˡ
绰ͨҶӷȿڣʮʧͲʡȫԤϣ
Ŷ
ԣһȻϵЦݼȥԭϢ׼ȷô
׼ȷѾ˺ɽĵĿͻػˡ
Ҷӷͳ˵ڵǻ֮ǰصطһƵԴ֤Լš
ٴҶӷƵĻĬˡ
һ̣ҲҲãȡ֮üͷһ
Ϊ̫ӣϵ۵ĳӳһ𣬱ӵϰٷ֮ʮŵϵ˷ܶһӶ޷ӵеݡλȨͲƸ
Ȼ
ȴȺطС
һУó޵ʼУһֱûзĴ㡣
طձĻ㲻ط磬ҲŹطȺС顪Ҫһط統СȹеԹͺⷢйҶϣ
طŹһƻˡ
ܲƣ

ɽ߶18ű
ߣձѪɱǿߣձŭձ;ΧȻձ
Ĵվߵǰ˵һˣһңʤ顪޷ôģҲ֪ϻ˭ɱܷȵȥϢ
£µıʮָӡ
ϳʧ֮⣬һ˿еҡ
Լ޲


516 һս֮
طĺչ˾µĿͻػĵͬʱ֮ҹ
ŦԼĳһ
ΪʱŵӰ˺ѡ֮һ˹ʱŵһ˯ۣ鷿мһ֧ڵĹŰѩѡ
ƹ£һѩѣһ߿ǰıʼǱԣʮѿ
Ȼ̳ʧȥ˼δӰ˺ѡ˵ʸ񣬵ϾǸʱŵֱϵԱڼ帺һЩ̫ҪӵһԴϢҲͨ
طձΪ޴𺳵ͬʱҲ;һΪطͷˣƱػձ
ΪˣһֱڵطѶ
Ȼ
ûеȵطѶȴȵһ绰
ڸղţӵ绰֪ط뿪ձϢҵһʱ鷿ۿط緢ǶƵ
Ƶ֮͸ˡ
Ϊطʧȥ˼δӰ˺ѡ˵ʸط֮ǣζط硣
֮⣬طԽǿͶԸʱŵԽвͬʱҲԽ֤طǶô޴
ԣԲʲô£
󣬲˹ѩѳ꣬鷿űƿ
һŮ˲˷䡣
Ůһĵ˫۾ʯһ貣â䡣
һߣƤ𪣬ǰ͹̣ȫħݡ
˿̵ֻһɫ˿Ȥ£繴˵һ㣬ɱ
˹ôˣ
Ů˲鷿˹ʵ
Ǻһˣƾʱں봳һɼΪݼãʼ޷һߡ
ΪˣûлѴʱ䡢ȥԼݼѡ߽ݾʱȣӶλ
˹Ȼʧȥ˸ʱŵδӰ˺ѡ˵ʸ񣬵ձҵӰȦżǿӶΪŮ˾ֺõĶ֮һ
ղţŮѾ׹˹𣬽˹ӵһ绰뿪ңСʱûлȥ
Ů˸еȣȻԥһǰ˹
ȥ
Ů˵ջο˹ػӦ֡

Ȼ˹ĻŮһȻĻ¶һģڵת뿪֫ŤȾˡ
˹һĻûκεϵ˿ûм١
Сܼ徫Ӣʽһ˶ԣȨͲƸҪģŮֻǵ׺
ΪطøǿӴ󣬶Ըʱŵв򵱳޴󣬶ʧȥΪȨˣĻ˼Ůˣ
塪
Ůȥ鷿ĵ绰ͻȻ̶˹΢΢һ
ݵ˹һʾĺ룬һʱŵׯ԰ĵ绰ҵ绰ʮϤ鷿ĵ绰
ͻ磬ӿһõԤУ
ס
˹æץ绰ȿڣʮֲ
֪طձô绰ͷ˹ĸ׳ʵ
ǵģס
˹ԣеĲŨ֪ô绰˵飬Բʲô¡
طձ;Χ£뿪ձ
˹ĸٴοڣܵͳ飬磬Ҳ˼޴ѹӦúѹԴʲô
ף֪˹ı˲ͱˡ
ղţ峤Ҵ˵绰ҽڴȥһ˻ġ˹ĸ˵绰Ŀġ
ףȥʲô˹ʶʵ
Ǹ
˹ĸٴοڣһֺɸֵ˵峤˵ˣ޷ûطԭ£ͻطĵжԹϵͲûؼˣ
ʲʲô
׵Ļӡ֤˹Ĳ²⣬һ´ܵ˾޴ľһ㣬ףң
Ұﲻ㣬ϵ۱ӻطԭ㡣˹˵ţֱӹҶ˵绰
ô
˹ɫ׵̱ϣϳŰûڡ
ʱ⵹ѸʱŵδӰ˺ѡ˵Ľ͸߹ȥιҲԲط磡

̫ƽ
ĳ֪죬֯Ļ
Ϊ֯鱨˵ĺ٣һʱ佫طĶ̬˻㱨
㱨ĬĬƵȻڹȥһСʱɵһ㣬ڵǰһһؿƵ
졭
ԥջ̲סڴƳĬ
Ϊ˿̵ҲûаϺ緢һʧǵĸо
Ǻٵһϲּ为
ָںеġ֮⻷
ͬʱΪɽľûд֯Աǰձɱطļƻӹһ٣εĴǰһ겻ˣ
٣һܹձһôͻȻˣ˺һۣޱʵ

ŬŬͣȴ֪λش⡣
ǸԲطһУʵʵ˵ٴδ顣
ܣ޷һУ
ۿٳĬٴοڣһԳЦΪͻƻɻɱȴû뵽Ҳͻˡձ֮չֳսǵҴΧˣ޷ɱһ˿ܶûУ
죬Ȼ޷ɱԶ޷ɱҸΪ츳ȫпڽǿ󣡡ٰο
٣ڰοôͻȻЦݣʵ
ǣ죬ֻǡ
ͻȻת䣬úʴӵĸоΪ¼ŮˣһôԸˡ
ҲҪο
˵ţϵǷϢһɨգȡ֮һľȻϵڰᡣ
죬Ҫʲôһѿʵ
٣˵֯ԱͶڰᣬڰ¹˹ͬô鷴ʣӸ𰸡
ᣡûκһܾļ룬ڰҲ⣡
ٵͷȻԥһ£̲סʵ죬½ڰᣬڰֲط磿
һɱ
ҡͷȻ˫ۣϣ֮ǰҪΪ¹˹ĵӡ
ԭ
ٻȻ
¹˹һ


517 Ȼ
ྩʻǻŻŦ֮һʺջŦȺԱ糬ͻÿλ޵һȫڶ
ӵʱ븸桢ĸⷼһͬྩʻȻֿˡ
Уȥ˻ڣŽط磬桢ⷼ޶ǽ˻׼˻뾩عڵء
ǵ֪骱ٳֺ󣬽еϣطϣط粻ȳ骣Ҳһʱӹڵظϵྩ
ǵŮΪٳ¼ܴͼŮߣ谲οڹȥʱһֱڵطİΣ
ԭһͬȥط磬ил骾ܾˡ
طһȳǵŮǷطһ鰡
һⷼȡǻƵĴڣһ˵һΣҶɹѹأǰڼѹط뿪һΣǿɲôˡ
š
ⷼͷͬʱЩǣһֱ޷ֵظô
Ҳ޷ˣϾûн飬һ骼һ綼㲻ϣҪ˵嶪ˡ
ҡҡͷ˵δ飬طĺѾͷˣʱҲ١ʱ骻ط綼ǡ
ãģǼǱȥ˵ⷼ˵ͷȻʵ
˵
ɫطονǾһڣҲһҲˣٴǿвɢˡ
еⷼϿķ
ˣΪʲôҪܾͳԷأܾãôܾ𣡡
̲סʵⷼྩ󣬹̾֯ľһһֱ绰ϵǣҪͳԷǸⷼͬ⣬ҲֻԾܾ
Ҿܾķ֣ΪǺáⷼ̾˿仰˵ȥأǲȥأ
ʲô˼һʱûת䡣
밡Ϊʧְְձ¡˵ƽػص˻ģж£ǳԷȥҶ֮ȥˣǸֻΣֽӰ쵽ǵĹϵ
ⷼ͵ίܾȻһʱƣ´ζʱԶٷʲôⶼûˡϾҲڵĻ˺ܶ໰˵׶ˡ
˵úе˼
㰡ǲӴ̫ˣϴϰˣֱֱȥⷼЦ
ЦЦûзȻŶȥȡǻơ
ͬʱ
̾֯ľ֣εİ칫
˧ӱֱվεİ칫ǰͷµСһҴһ
ǵأ˵ͳʵ
ͬĵһΪ桢ⷼ򸾾ܾ룬޷˵ǸӵͬʱҲ˧ְΪӵջ
ֳԲΪҵʧְ㵼ͬ־ԭκδ˧ͷϴ
ϴңΪʲôط绰㲻أ㷢ţҲأҲûнѸ骣
δʵʱ˧طĵ绰骵֪طѣֱӳ˻ػĵĻͲкΣˡ

˧ɫѿ֪ν͡
ܸܲΣ֮Բط绰ûнطѷϣΪطƫȻط骹ϵУԴװɣ
Ȼ㲻˵Ǿ;̸ǹ㿴ãȥͲҪˣ
ۿ˧˵ˣֱ˧
ε飬˶桢ⷼ򸾺ھ֮⣬Ҳûٱϼ쵼ѵ⣬ûľڹ̾֯п˻
ֳ֡ҡ֮ûиطص绰Ҳûи骣һΪһʼ֪Ҫ˵ʲô飬ٴηŵʱѾĵ绰ˡһ棬ΪһЩ飬Ҷӡܲӡ
ʲôʡ
ҶкøУ˵ֺ骹ϵУԡ˧˵˵ȥˣԼЩˡ

˧ĽֱͣˣȻһ˧㣬Ϊһ̾ؼʲô
ҵ˧ſھ
ҵ֮ʲôؼʡ
侲ͷԡ˧ʶ˵
㻹֪㰡ң侲𣿡
һΣβ˧ػͷѵΪһŮ鳤ʧȥ̾ؼ侲ôȥִ񣿻仰˵ٳֵŮѣǲһȾҪȥƴȻ¡ͬ°װ
ֳҡ
ˣýˣ
ֱӰ֣˧ĻһһӦͬ־û£Ͳѵˡ
ֳ֪ˣһȡѵĹ¡
𣬱𣬱ҿɲִˡȥϢϵͳٴδ˧Ļ˧ְ˵
ৣ
˧ɫʱ䣡
ϢϵͳȻСӦģռ伫С޷жᲢۡ
֮ǰѾжɵ÷ǳɫƯͳɼͨѾ򿪡
һ䵽Ϣϵͳ֮ǰŬ׷ˣΪձΣ;Ǩˡ
ֳ
ˣҪæˣȥɣβͷذ˰֣ǸϲӬһ˧
˧ԣֻĬĬ߳εİ칫ңͬʬһ㡣
һ̣дʧǣ뵱մ骡ǰձִʱǸ緢һ̬γ˽Ȼķ


518 
ʮ֣һɺɽྩĿͻ׼½սظÿϵðȫСע
ͷȲط־ȻŤͷ⣬ӭһݺݵĿ⡣
ĿһŽȲ꣬Եһӵб׼پ¡ĸŮӡ
Сӣ֪㱻Сޣһһ䣬о仰󡲻Ҫ⣬С㲻ܸʵġ
ݺݵصطһ֮ŵĺ˵⣬㣬һλĹһֺΪȻǻһ³
ˣҶûʲôȤ
ĻŨҵԽУط絭⣬Ҳ㣬ǻģ˵עⷽʽܻвõ鷢
ৣ
طĻŮɫһ䣬ʮŭصطһۡ
㡭
ͬʱɫЩѿ˵ʲôݻطѣֿطøͷСţһֻýߵĻʻضӡ
ط˵Ǿ仰ֱŲĿ⣬ȫǶŮ
֮ǰ֮ԻעˣΪ˵Ľ̸
ͨ˵Ľ̸ط֪нϲŮǺһ֪ŮˣڻһӾ磬Ϊ޺޷
ƺҵˣ˴ϲרΪϲֹġҪϲָ˵ǿƱӰӹ˾ŽϲĵӾ硣
һʼطĽ̸󣬾ʮֻ
ҪҵڣطĿȾٶҵ˽⣬֪Ϊ˷ֹ񱻾ĻʴĻţӺĳľĿ˻ģش´޺
һ£Ҫ˵һƺҵС㺫ͳҲûʲôá
֮⣬һԭطĹע˿еǼӰӹ˾͵Ĺ˾
ʱڲ²ͻôԸŮԼˣЦŮгЦݣýϲܲˬʶ˸ղôһ
ʮӺ󣬿ͻ׼ʱؽྩʻ
ɻָͣλͣȺ󣬿ս㾮Ȼָÿ»ͬʱÿ͵
ط»뿪գûȥŮһۣȫղŵ鵱С˵˿
³Ļˣ
󣬺Žϲ侭߳գطıӰ̲סһ䡣
˲³αǺܲòؿң¶Цݣȴα˵ĻˣעǵϲҲǵ˵֮гջ볰
ط˵ĻδᣬֻǳŻȥ
ڣվȺУڴеؿųÿͣȺѰطӰһ
ͬʱǵĿ⼸骵ͣҲֹһΡ
һУֻΪʵ̫ˡ
Ϊ˵ط磬СʱĴԼ
⿪һͷƮݵĳϻžµױݣһɫVȹ
ȹءո͹ΣΪģչֳħġ
ǰῴɷ壬СһƽԲ̣ͦһûκ׸ıֱȣ˿˿˲
صش˺˿ͺɫ߸
Ժŵ˵ŵκκεطûзɵµԼ˲Ұޣ
һžޡĿ⣬骲⣬ֻǶǰѰطӰ
ڣȺпط硣
һ˲䣬ΧһƺԶȥˣϳżֻط磬··𶼱
ʮףʮףʮס
ǿųȥĳ嶯ȴط߳
ط磡
ط߳ڵ˲䣬̲ס
һܴ󣬷·йѹֵ顣
һԭͱɽ˲˵Ŀ⡣
һ̡
Ŀ֮£һǰֱ˽طĻУסطĲӣϺ촽ط촽
һǣͻȻطЩ⧲
һǣңطܹظܵ骵顣
涨
ȫΧ˵Ŀ⣬ֻط磬ַͨʽЩ顣
طʱʹطֱӱ
֪طڶھζȥط硣
еұϣѡ뿪طд¸ţ档
ٳֵʱطǰձʱûڵαװȴ˿ֻط粻Ҫȥ
طȳȫػģ֪ط类ձ;ΧʱŶģҹߡ
Ϊһˣһǡ
Ϊһˣ뿪һǡ
ҰҺ޵Ϊ˰飬δŮ˱ĵһθط磬ѡطһ𣬴δڡ
骵ط·ܹ骵Ƶģе骵ӣӦ骵ǡ
һĻе¶Ľʺޣ޲ȡط磬ŮͬĽĽִ󵨵İ
ţ
ͬʱͽϲҲ߳˻ڣؿһĻ
ɲǼ䣬ǲԼͬͣ½Ų˼ؿеط骣Ǹо·𿴵˼飡
Ϊ۳ࡢĺʣϲ骣ҡݵģ
ط磬ѾһˣٴڶΡ
ţţŲ촽ۣᣬط磬һᶨ󣬾ȫΪУҲᶨվߣ
ɵѾͷױˣͲˡط΢ЦŲȥϵˮ߰ɣǻؼҡ
骶ʱ޵øˡ
ط骵뿪
ʼգûȥߵĺͽϲһۡ
⣿
ע
طȥıӰ֮ǰ˵ĻǺ꣬ǽϲǱ˴һǶƵģϻġ

һ̣Ǻ޲Ҹطȥ


519 ʦҶ
Զ³ǰ׵ʱطͬһ׼ʱ
طĻУͬצһ㱧ط磬һȲֵѹطСϣ˯һͷ˯С
죬ڻӵط֮˱صྩסһһٷϴ˸ԧԡȻһֱڴˤӵҹ
֪ΪŪ骣Ϊطձǿȵɱʮƣط磬û𴲽гѵõѡ
ŵӵʱط类һ绰ѣʾһڲĺ룬Һط˵Ϥ
ֲƶɵ磡
طһȻ󿴵˫ۣ쵼ĵ绰
£ط罫첲骵Դ³Ȼ´ֻ
ȻѾ뿪ӺܾˣŮˣֲ֪ӵԣűûе骵ӵ绰
СӣףŻصģ
绰ͨͲɵһֵ٩ķʽΪطףء
׳ѹû뵽ܻŻطЦá
ǵǣܵģԽԽġ
̹ԣɾ̺͹Ұط緢ɱʱطܹӳձձ;ΧطʱҲû׵ġ
ȷʵЩðգڶɹˡ
ط̾˿ѪϴǧҶ֮뿪Ϊ˸ʦҶջѡȥ˱֮١
Ϊ˸칦Է˳һλѼ㡣Ц
á
ɵ룬طһʱӦͬʱԼµɿеǺˣûѯʡ֤ʵ
ͨطֻصҡ
骴ҵıڵƣڴͷϱ¶ڿС
طһãҹطúܵλɫ󣬾ܺá
骣쵼纰ҳԷûԷˡط˵
á
ûаĺصȥط쵼طʲô˵ͷȻһĵؿط磬ǲӦòҵʲô
Ҫʲô
ȻһԷǲҪҰ
˵ţһֱطϣӻ䣬˵ĽȫطС
һ̣ط˵ʲô骸ӣûȵ촽סط͡
һСʱط骵ĳ
㺹죬ſڴϣһָûˡ
ط骲˲ϵ㺹Ȼȥԡϴ衣
ʮһӣط뿪骵סǰɶõĵطȫ۵¡
ȫ۵¿ѼྩʳƣҲΪĵһԣྩдѵѡ֮ء
ʮһʮֵʱطִõǼȫ۵µ꣬ᣬɺеѻûе
֨
ʮһʮ֣ķűƿһ׷ԲԵӳڰſڡ
طվȻ󿴵ϰ׷ԲԵʱԭء
Ȼ²ɵϵӣֺǾȲѡ
ΪӲǱˣʦһҶ
Ҷʵ仹ʮ꣬Ѱ׷ԲԣȥԶʵ
һУֻΪ
꣬ɾڵǿΧ˫ȭѵ֣ܣȴ˫ȣϳ书̳Ϊˣ
һսһҹ֮˷ʮ꣬ռǿػֲӵν̹٣ȣѧ
ط粻Ψһѧȴɫصѧ
ʦ
ݵطæ嵽ҶǰڵأסҶ֣ôˣ
ôѲ㲻ҰҶЦ
ǡطæҡͷ
ձҶ֪ɸصྩұ㺰ġҶ˵ԭطĿŽ
Դһս֮һûͷֱط֣ҵͷطɳһЩ֮٣ʦĸеʮֽ
СӣǶţҺʦ𣿡һΣط翪˵ʲôЦ˵
طԣæȻΣҶƽ˰ᡣ
Աܿϲˡ
һòͣһ죬طڲӵ飬ط뿪ӵֲֻᡣ
ҳȥ绰ġ
һСʱֻվ˵
ɵĻط磬Ҷ֪Ҹ뿪ʦͽڳ̸Ŀռ䡣
С磬ձҶ֪Ҳ֪ƶɾ̳Ϊ˸ұ𡣡뿪Ҷһתʼ̸طձ顣
ʦӦġ
طһϵûûкҲûڵҡ
֪Ҳܸж̫ðˣ
Ҷ˵ţ¶˸жֱȡձô飬ܹȻػȻǿʵ㲻ܷҲһɷ֡磬ձ;Ѫϴ̻֯ܲͶΧ˵Ļձ
š
طûзһ㣬ʱʱȥܲذװըȷðնĲĳɷ֣ʦⲻû𣿡
С磬ҪסһԶ˳˳ˮҲһֱ㡣
Ҷ˵һ·˳˳ˮ޾κε¹˹Χһ书ȫϡΪ˷ֹҵĺ󳾣һҪС£ðˡ
֪ˣʦ
طͷȻԥһ£ʵʦ㱻Χôһ£
꣬ڰ÷ĳսܻأץˣ顣ϢϹӸӳѡӢάͲǰֹڰɥľٶ
ʱάͲӳɹݻ˺ڰĻأݺͱ걾תˡҰǱڰһأõݺͱ걾ڷص;б¹˹˽ɱڶ࣬һ˲Ƕ֣Ҳ޷ߣձǴУݺͱ걾Ƕˣ
Ҷ䣬ȻȥܶˣҲȻڷŭ
ʦ㷵ص·ôᱻ֪طʶ˲Ծ
ʱҲɻ󣬺ϸ˷ӦڼΪ׼ȷ˵ұĳЩҵľˡҶ˵
ΪʲôҪ㣿طһ
ԭ򡣵һ̫â¶Ϊ˸жд̡ڶΪݺͱ걾
Ҷ˵üͷҲõͳˣȻҲ֪ݺͱ걾ʲôҾã¹˹ܹЩʵͻͽ۰񣬺пܸݺͱ걾йء
ʲô
ٴҶĻطɫһ䣬Ҷ˵ĶģǾѧ磬ȫĴ¼
Ȼ޷ȷһ㣬ΪֿԺܴ󣬷츳ʵô졣Ҷ˵Լжϡ
ʦƶģôпܻıĸ򣡡طӿֳ˲ĸо
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526 
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緹԰¾ؼĸ׳·ֻʣطȻ˷ضѧ
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ѡ·֮ȻʼԡױСʱֱӲųš
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527 Ϸˣ
дŮһԸһķס
дҪΪŴ̵ġϿĵȵȶӣ⣬ԸΪ̵꣬ĹŮǴȱ͵ϣܹ͡
ŮġָĲǷĲᣬǴΪΪŮ˱ȽСۣЦǣԢжˡŮϣŮܹһЩƽľء
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̨ϣʦЦ춼ϲ£ˣѵĳƱڳ֡
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̨ϣʦϵڱҵò˹ȥϵ˷ܱ˲šҲû뵽˻һǧ۾
ܣҲģ̧̧ۣû뵽һСĽ۸Ҫһǧ򡪡ˣ
ܿģ˻յȻû˿ƣһĵЦݡ
Ϊ˵ʼգûҪõֻϷˣȻȻǮˣ


528 ɫ
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ŻյĻ£һտĿˮ˲ڣǷ׷
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Ϊ趨ļƻȻǸ͵ǮȻƸֻǾţһëӰԺԲơ
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ͬԤϵһڳĿΪȻǾ仰Ȼӡܲ
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ͬʱ̨ϣʦ˵ţȻЩؾС̣յĳɽۣȻףأϲʮߺſջ
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ȻսҲûв뾺ģûжƷֳȤֱڰ˼ƷĽϲ¶ڴı飬ֱӡ
еھżƷҲǱѹƷļƿ
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ϻҾͲ˵ˣҶʶˣֱӽ򡭡
ڻļƿʦûдѿܣֱӽ
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Ϊļƿļǧ
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ǧ򣡡
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½˱ۣ۸ܿ˰ǧ
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ʱտˣ˽ڶģһǧ
ৡ
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һǧ򣡡
յοڣȻ̨
ٴյı̸ۣҡҡͷ˾ģֳ˰
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һǧ򣡡
ʦĻ£һ𣬿֮һߣǳĳҵƶߣͬҲһλղؼңᰮղعŶ
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ڣ
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ʦҲ֪һ㣬Ҳ׷׿ŻգȴŻյѡ
һǧ򣡡
ҧҧٴαۡ
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ڡ
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ৣ
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˶Ϊο˻գ
һ̣յҲҲްǿƣǳһֻƵģҪжƣͬʱ޷εķŭ
ΪҵǧС㣬ŽԿ׳СߵﶼǹˣĽأй
ԴǸֵڣĵǸˣôķŭطٴЦʵ
㡭̫
ŻžױݵƯϳŷŭȻܵȻԴǸ򴫳ȥĻһӢͻˣҲ˶Ϊȫ̽Ц
ղϷŪȻʱѵֻ̫ѣط
ٴطĻͣ˵ʲôû˵һ֣վɫѿ뿪Ǹо·һӶǼ尾ͳ裡
ˣûҵĲƸȨƣöԷģط磬ֻ룬ȥֻᱻط
ܻȥĻգ뵽֮ǰǸǿƵ̬˲̾޳ͬʱطĿ˾η
ȻûкطͶطĴ׹˵ط¼һ֪鴫ط磬һجΣ
ǣŮʿǣᵽ˽뾺ĳɹĿ˵ڻ
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һĻҪʧ޶ķֺ죬ҺѸ˾
Ͼıֻ֤ѣڱֱëëꡣ
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ʦ˿
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䡭ʵûбҪϾġ
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ӸԵĽǶ˵طάľٶܸжԵĽǶ˵Ϊ˳ڶ˦ȥһڣҲᣬҲеۡ
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طҡҡͷղŵľٶΪȻҲǱԼ̬ȣ쾯ӡ

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һΣֵطסˣ뵽Լˡ
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ɵϣҲµġ
ȻϵĻطһůЦȻԴ
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ᣬһ
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Ǿͺã
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á
طͷԺȴǸֳһιյĳ
ǾǰȺԺСྩһҶľưΪȵࡣ
һչȥ˲ӣ֮Ҳûйһգ˹¡
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һƷǶ֪ĸߵסլ֮һ¡ۡɽ¼Ϊĵ¥ڶ̶ʱһգ˶ķزһμѻ
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˯𣿡
绰ͨȿڣûἰ顣
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š
ӦЩ쳣
ôˣ
ǲԾ̲סʵ
طˡ
ôһʣǵƵģһߡ
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530 ÿƤңȤ
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ˣ
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𴲣ϴϣҴ·׳£㣬ƤЬһпˣ͵Ĺٳ硣
š
ͷһ顣
Ǵ绰֮ǱصظϹеơ
źǵĽӴԽԽ룬ԽԽԼˡ
ͨʱĽ֪ǷǿӲŮɫΪɣϢɣÿ첻ÿ𴲡
һУݡ
˾Ѿ¥ˣȥλˡ˵һҪĻ飬Ҫ쵼ԷͲˡ
á
Ӧ֪ӵһŵ֮ģ;Ϊأ¶Ҫ;ò
ҲǵĵطȻǵĺȡ
ǲٷϻ¹óһɫļпˣ֮󣬱뿪ˡ
ͬ˵춫һҪĻ飬λҪμӣྩҲҪˡ
ΪǣνӴӢһС
Ӣִϵ֮һÿļʽϸȫһĴͳʹӢҵļΪִġȻеϵʽ
ӢǾƹңӢֻΪ۹濴ȥ߱ʵȨʵȴƿӢ
ΪˣķӢһд˴ηûӡ
ȻӢҷûĿĵأȴǰڡӢҹݿ첿ִųԱִﶫԶͶʻп죬ȻǷڶдֱʵͶʡ
֮ݿЩǰྩ丸ףҲӢľٻϡ
뿪֮󣬻û𴲣Ǻڻζ´档
Ƭ̺󣬻ղ𴲣߽ԡң˸裬ȻʰսµֽƷȥױ
ˡ
Сʱ󣬾͵ջױ׼·ʱֻ𶯵
ֻһǵܻܵ磬ֱӽͨ
㣬ҽȥ
绰ͨͲдһʱǳԷ˳Ůǿ
¡
ǼӾܾȻ뵽Լܵܵ磬ѵһԷҲҪЩĵŮһӡ󲻺á⣬סܳƤǡ
㣬˵ţҼǣҲôŰ
ΪȻ˵ţ֮к԰Ȼѧûв뻪Ҽ̳˵ᣬŻҵѪҺϰĶ϶竡
СҲСˣˡս
רͽѧ㶫
һ⣬ҸղŸ˵ҪŮɲʲôĵŮһŮУ֮һ֮ǰ͵ŮѣͰȥҺᵶᰮˣ
ȻĻϢʱˣһԶٷԣһȻ˵
ϣ
ͬʱ
ѧԺȻùͺҪȥңȴֻ
óֻһ͵硣
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Ǿͺãط
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㲻һôĿζˣ
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ңҲյʱ򣬴ĳ֪ǰȥμվۻᡣ
ÿƤˣҸȤꡣ
绰ͷ͹ɵ˵ţüĿ֮ȴӿֳ˼˸С
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á
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طЦ˵֮ǰǶ飬ŮѧΪУ֮һŲŮͷʵϲǳŵڣһ˼ҵĺӡ
Ůһʱ֮ŮļҰæչ⣬;ŮҪİ飬Ȼܾ
ŮҪ󱻾ܾ¶ԭͣͷһֱαװŮʵŨҵп룬ĸ
õġ
ȻЦŴӦȻֻһ£óһͷţֵѾ˵طȥԷͣȻȥKTV
˵İɡ
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ˡ
طĻ£ֻҲһ¡
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ݿ
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ǰĳұңսСΣǰúңڸùĻĹˡ
һΣطӳɫ񣬶һ˳ִѾоӢҵĹݿ
һ죬ݿڸлطͬʱѯطݡطֻǼ򵥵ػӦˡֲӡ֣Ȼս뿪
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ط粢ûȥ
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ѹʾҲصĳ¾ȻİΣˡ
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ˣ˹ʱŵҲ丸طˣڱطܾ֮Ȼ˵ʱŵԶΪط糨Ļ
Ȼ뿪طóֻݿһţֻ֣ݿô
֮⣬ӢĳϵĳǱ֮С
ݿվڴߣ·һƬƬ޹²ʢţһʤա
Ȼ
ȴûСֻıһ㡣
ˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֻ𶯵
ݿһ΢΢һȻץֻһطظĶţýһųһõЦݣʤա
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գطȻûиݿκϢݿӹ
㵱ʱطϻԲʣݿǽطĴӡԺ̼סط˫۾
ܹͨƵһʱϳطԭ
ϳط֮ٴζøֹϵ鵽طڵľϢϵʽȻΪ˸ط緢ţصŪһŻƶֻνࡣ
ݿȻסͨطĵ绰
ݿ
طͨ绰ѯʣõӢ
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ȻǵãⱲӼŮ֮ͯйŮҲĹ
طЦ˵֪Լ뿪֮Ϣٱܣֳһһ󶯾ݿݣ鵽ԼϢѡ

طݿЦȻ˵װأû뵽㻹ôȤһ档ҵļһĮֳĬԵء
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ݿ˵ǰڣͶʶΣҪǳطġ֪طڶ
ðɡط룬Ӧ
װأҵϵ㣡ݿ˷ܵ˵
õġ
ط˵꣬ݿû˵ʲôҶ˵绰
лϵۣϵۣ
绰ͷݿֻĵĺһһ߸лϵۣһתȦӰһֻĺ

ͬʱ
ί¥ңٳľͷǺͰڵĸһַ׷׻һãڽһר顣
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£Ŀ⻷̨ˣ˶¼ŤͷһԵĶһ֣öԷӹ⡣
ղš
һ˸ղλеĽٴҪԣȻõļƻֳ˲ĿͶǣǣｫӢŵͶʷǺ罭ǶǼҲǸѹӣϣ೤ܹö飬ץסλΪɼΪȫʴͷʾ
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˷ܣΪ֪һǧѷĻһץסˣѹˣ;ŨŨһʣΪȨ˴¼̵Ļʯ
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KTVȻɫӣû䡢СүָһKTVɹʦΪƣӵһٶᣬõȫǵ¹ڵKTVרҵ칦豸
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ϣ
ԣҲǿʼơ
һߣȻǰȥ裬׼
ܿģȻĸط硢ͼҡɸѵպò֡
ԼĪһСʱط缸ֲȽȥƿƣȻŮǱҲٳ裬ʲô
Ȼ˵ŮûȤˣɫܲŮѵûǸط翴͵ȼһ֧ѩѣ̲סʵ
ӣÿƤұضǣȤ
³һ̾˿ЦŮܹɼϳţ黹һȻ㲻Ȥ꣬ԭα¶֮ǰһֱǹԹŮŮҺһΪҴһӣ볹ǲһ׵顣
˵ʱ»Ǿɰѷʽͣ»ʱ仹ҶЦ
ȥȥȥӸ磬ϴֶɶȾƣ˵ţѩѣȻȾơ
һȣֱӺȵʮ㡣
ͬʱطϵֻ
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ѹկˣûҹءطЦŴȤ㣬գ͵֮ԶǰһԼ
ԭȥģ뵽ǰʱΪ˾Ů˹ǰձһҴ׾ˣҲû뷨ˡѩߵȴڰ̾Ϣ
˵ԭضطģκһֵܼ⣬Ҫ촦ֻա
ǵգȥط֪æʾá
⻹࣬Ǳ߳ģ棿ѩʡ
ţ͡ǺȾء
طʵ˵ţȻ뵽Ƶӣһˣͺ֮ǰǶû߳㿴ûʶĴŮͷһ
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罭һֵһʱȻǹҶϵ绰󣬲绰´

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542 
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Ƿֹ̽ԱѺԱΥƷĵһ⣬֮ľ컹̽Ա͵Ʒм顣
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ꡢлԶΪ׵Ĵǣ֪Ϣ֮󣬳׷Դ˳ӭӣ̬ʮ顣
еʮ˳ɻߵԱԣꡢлԶȺӻġĽǶ̸˻ĺͶͶʻŻߣֱͼ
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֮ǰҶԻĵ֪ͣ鱾СһΣҵһģ˻ĵƷ˻ĵʳ˻ĵķ飬һдҷǳĸоҲҶĹȳ˺øС
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ΪطĹ֮дͣδؾõģҪԷԱصɫԶԷûгԹġ
ݿΪӢҪ˵ǸߵƵ꣬ǹҲûٳԡζûκ塣
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ɫ֪ܻƻؼڲŽᣬطؽȥͷҪǵ̳һؼҾע˲Žȥˡ
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֣С֮ôΪǵΪ֮⣬Ϊ̬ȣ˵
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Ǽ鷢֮صȥֽؾңҳ̬֧ǣϽκ˶СʵʩǼĴϣȷв֮Ӷ˺ķʾӭؽĿ⡣
ҳ̬Ͻκ˶ùϵط磬ǲðڵһЩΥ淸֧ǣԼܲ⣬ֻξĵ顢ңﲻԣؽʡ

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üͷһ֪λش
֣ԭϱûʲôȨǣҶӣЩҾһҪ˵飬˭˭
ۿ˵᲻ʡջؿؽһһ֮⣬СС̬ΣǷƽһˮҲ鲻˵үүȥ֮ҪСѩĻԼǶ桪С˺һ£飬ô̬Сǿ˵Σı˺ʹ࣬𣿡
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Сǣүүղ֯ٿ˼飬طؼҳ绰ͨǵĸ׷ɿ˵һ޵ı顣
Ҿ֪үүӲܵģ
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Сǣүүµ̬ġ֧֣ǰ;δؾһƬµĹλϺúøɣֻҪɳɼ취ٸȡᡣĸһڴ˵ϣ
үү϶Ϊȡģֻ⣡һţԭΪؽ̳ᶨġ
ˣչ˺Լ¾͸绰ǱսѺϲ£ܶ԰㡣ĸ׶
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šүүӼˣްʧǣһЦ
үүǺġ
ԣһЦȻֱߵǰǵĴϣ§ǵĲӵүү̬ȣƱػ㶫ɽֻʱ⡣

΢Цһ»յ
طǸ쵰һؼҳôĵ˻ѹߵû׼ҲԶĺǵͷˣضԱĻ΢ЦŲ䡣
עģҲӿ̡ЦŵͷȻ취ؼҳϢȥھ
á
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һСʱط类ؼҳϢѸڻȨȦӴ˲Сĺ䶯
ʡᣬס
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룬زҶӷƵĵ绰绰ͨ˵ղȥϴˡҿ绰ʲôҪ𣿡
㻹֪Ǽ¡ҶӷЦ˵ҪһϢ
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ղŵõϢؼҽٿ˼飬طؼҳҶӷ˷ܵ˵
Ϣ׼ȷô
ԣͫ˲ŴüĿ֮һĨȡ
ղŲµҶӷƿеĺϢطйأû뵽ؼҾȻһ
ϢǴӻﴫģؼҽȷٿ˼飬Ӧòм١Ҷӷ˵
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ٴҶӷƵĻ̲סЦ
֮ǰطȻؽؼҳѣϾؼҵĺͷؼҵĹ⻷
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ǰ߳ؼҵڱεĶߡ
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562 ֵܣŮ
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ط˵ҶĺЩŨأ֪ҶҪԼĻ˵ӣ𼤶ӵĻΪҲΪҺͼ﷭ϣǱǣ

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563 뷳
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طͬҲЩ£Ǽðѣȴû뵽ΪǼðԼ
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Ѧ˵ţһĵؿط磬Ȼ˵ЩûʲôãЩ˶û

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׷ƽȵľƲ٣򲻻һһεطɾ裬ڸκǿ˾Ƶֱ꣬κǿ¶аһ棬ƾеǣת뿪˵뷿ǡһЩ
κǿھƾĴ̼£ʧȥ˶ԼĿƣһͷҰޣ¶аһ档
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Ϊϰĵͷ󣬵ȴطԹͷԪˣٴαط緢档
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һĻȵķԱʾ֮󣬵һʱ120
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ӭҶСɽׯĵɽׯԡ
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ЦŻӻ֣Ȼ󽫲ݸطɽϵҰ裬ҾñȴĴǿ
壬֪ģƷطЦһǽӹ裬ģƷһڣȻҡҡͷƷû

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˵ԼĵǣΪ̫ӵطΣط绹ú춦ֲܳ裬ǳڱĽǶȣǳΪ̵ĽǶȣԻط֡
ŵĲ´ЬģǰҶٻЩǶֻӰ쵽ؼңûйˣһЩ鷴ˡط˵
ĶԤе˱꼴٣οԼ
С磬ǧܳ嶯ƻص顣
ԣɫһ䣬æѵǴӾܲӳģӦ˾֮ܲ⣬֪֯ڸ˫ȭѵ֣ο˵˶ǿһƻص飬ԲӲܡ
İɣ壬зִ磬ؽĻ˵Ҳᴥһءطͷ֪ĵһŭ֮»ɱն֮顣
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ط΢΢۾̲סаԼ
졣
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ߣΪ׼֣Ҷ˴˹ֻˡ
һѹԵս
Ʊڻ´ӳϱһ𣬸Ǳ
ģôôȽװ
Ƭ̺󣬻ƱʿһЩȻ󿴵Ѫе£ղŵսۣŭ𾪵ضźڻ
ǵ͸ġ
ڻЦһжǰطصǶĮ˵װҪаΧսսپѹԵʤ
õطУ
Ʊԣ̲סү˵Ǹط𣿡
㣬һͷȥĵ֣ڻ˵ţȻٴ´ѸսȻˣ
źڻһ£ЩŵľӢٴжʼʬ塢Ѫ͵ǡ
ô
һĻ뵽طжǰѣڻжطӾηͳݱĤݡ
ԣطֱǵ񣬲ֵ죬ͷԡǸһϵȣǾͨս
£ڻóֻʼ㱨ս
ɽׯ
ӵ㱨󣬵һʱط硣
ˡ
󣬲ط翪ڣһֻ
طĮѳֻʾϹĺ롣
ʲô
ط½绰ͷȿʵ
´֮һֱڵĮĻ㱨һֱûеȵǱĮ˵绰
飬¶ˡ
طԣµ˶ԷݣҪҵľ棬ֻҪ˸̤볤ǰ벽κܶҪȥǻҺڡˣ


592 ʤȯ
Ϲ㣬ɳı鷿
ǰطĻüͷ˲𣬱ܹγˮ
ȻĮȫû׼ж׷ǵһٺЩԽܡ
ϾõĳԱ֯ıһ֯ʧӦ׺ҪܵؼĮ˵
С㲻Ҫ⣬¹˭ֻ˵ӮĲӮҡ
鿪ˣͳɭ䡣
طһͨȫطвֱԡ
ʵϣѡԺźط綯֮˫ǲˣȻҲͲηˡ
Ļطû˵ʲôֱӹҶ˵绰
һ棬Լͨ¼ΪҪǣѿ֮ûʲô塣
Сţ
Ͳ֮дġཡ޵޲ǹط硣
ҲֻˣһǹطվŲ޷ɱط磡
ž
ֻȼһ֧̣ݺݵ˼ڣŶڷת˼ȦַʽԼ侲
һ֧Ϩ֮侲
ֻͨҶӷƵĵ绰
ҶС㣬Aĵڶƻʧˡ绰ͨȿڻ㱨½չ
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绰ͷҶӷƸոԡ꣬ԡۣͷϹë׼ͷӵĵ绰󣬱ױ̨ǰ
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ĩصعһ壬ԼķӣȥӰĹ
ԭ˺һĳԱͽ׼Ӧϵذ棬ȻԸصС֪ʲôԭ鱩¶ˣصСƾͼɱҴӾҵ¡ʵ˵
֪ˡ
Ļ㱨ҶӷƵüͷøˡ
Ȼƾһ׷˳Ūط粻һ׵飬ƻʧܺ󣬻ЩʧѾȲ뿴ط类Ūˣ
ҶС㣬ô죿ҪB𣿡ʵ
ȲҪżԺص绰Ҷӷ˵
õģҶС㣬ҵ֪ͨ
һʱӦ֪ҶӷҪ㱨Ȼָʾ
ͬжϵһҶӷƽͨ󣬵һʱֻ˿
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ΪҵԵʣСѬӰ죬ʷ鼮ȤӰʮʷ
һʮʷд˻д˻ÿĲʢ˥䣬ʮֵѧϰȻչˣǻ۲û˶ߡ˵ǻ۾ִ˲Ȩ档
ղŸҴ˵绰
Ҷӷֱߵ̨Ķ档
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˵ʲô
ҶӷƵĻе£ʵ
AĵڶƻʧˡطЭɱõˣҶӷƿڻ㱨ֻ˵˵̡
Ϊ֪ڹһҲġ
Ⲣ⣬෴һغϾͰܸ˾⡣ԣһĵ·һжԤ֮С
Ȼ˵ܹ黹ЩϧʱҪӳˡҶӷ̾˿
ϧõ˶顢ԺҪǶԣֻһſп޵ӣ˾Ͷˡ
˵䣬΢ЦŽһ𣬵ָտʼҪҲЩ̫Ȥˡ
Ҳǡ
ٴĻ뵽ƻҶӷҲ̹ȻȻʵô죿B𣿡
ǲΪһӶֹ֣ͣ෴ҪɿӣöӦӲϾͷöЦ˵Ӹ𸴡
Ҳôġ
ҶӷƵͷȻڸػB
ӷƣˣBǡƿأҲãҲգ飬ִֻߣǵӣֻҪиߵ֮֡
ҡҡͷһư飬AʧܣʵʩBʱ˳ӡϵģҪö׾ٵƾ֡
õġ
ҶӷٴεͷķָơȻƶ˺ü׷Bе֮أпֱӾⳡֵʤ
һغϣвУڶغϣҵҪǷṷǽ
˵ţ½Ӷ֮УȻӰġʮʷƺڽһҲġ
ΪУһ֣Ѿʤȯգʤֻʱ⣡


593 ڶ
ɽׯ
طڱ¥̨ϣȥ۵ס
£洩Ӱİɫַۣϴ衢ݲ衣
شʦǽǰժģ㳢ܿģ潫ݺõһݸط硣
طֽӹҡҡͷҶԲûʲôоȲû
ܷҲֻԶһŹѧġ
˵ţ뵽벻ɱұʬǮɫһ̾˿Ҳ̵֪ܷʬ塣
Ӧÿԡ
ط翪ڰвްաĮڹʬϰ˳صĶǹʬͺѸˮ棬Ӷ޷˷֣Ҳ̸ϴˡ
׷Ҹֽ߾ȫҿǷ̫ˡٴ֮̾гھΡ
···ܹķëǡ
ط˵䲻ǽˣҲֻ̤˽նɱߣŰۼμҼ֮Ȧʮ˽⡣
شʦ˵öԣһ·
˵ţЩǵؿط磬شʦΪҾ뽭
棬ҲΪ뽭Һǰ㱻˽ӡҲãҲգȻǶԺŶ֣ʵǳģ㲻ö룬ҪΪ˶𡣡طҡҡͷĻ
شʦ׼ô죿ԣĬƬ̣̲סʵ
ءء
һΣط翪ڣѵԶ쳹ɽׯϿա
˵ĵڶˡ
طƽ
ȶԣɫЩѿ
֮ǰط˵Щ׵ѲٱӻˣԺŶ֣ʱţΪİ׵㲻ⳡҲԺŶ֡
ˣȻطİţǰԤʩ
ԶľХʻɽׯűʻ֪طĻӦˡ
߰ɣȥط˵ţ豭һڲ裬
ţ
΢΢һеķŭͲʱɢ˲٣ȻطȾš
Ӻסıſͣ
һ˧ľӵһ£ȻŶʮȫװ̾ڵؽ˱
ţ
ܿ죬˧ľ½طһڴɳϣֻΪҫˣһ뵽֮ǰط;Ӱ죬º
ط磬棬յӲںɽׯͽƤﳧĺڰɱƴǸǵܵ飡
˧ľ˵ţԼľ֤ˣҽˡǺ̾Ӷӳ˧
˧
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ĸұ˺˧ЦطĿź⡣
Ϊ㺦ձɱǼ󱻴߲š
͵ΪԼ;ʹսƲֵʱҵһͨ˵̸׼ȷһ㡣
ܸɴԷ˺Ȼ˺
㲻ӦǷ֮ءطָ
ôҿɲϤҵ黹ֲģ㻹ȲԼɣ
˧һЦȻ󾯸⣬㣬ȻֲܿӦǶֵĽúܲңϾϻбǿˣľв١
ϮΪʲôҪǶأط΢Цŷʡ
ߣ
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ͷ׵㣡
˧һ£Ⱥȫװ̾׷ǰͳǹ׼طˡ
̾ǵѵ⣬ط磬棬ûбͷ׵վ
У˫֣ʾⲻᷴطǱ֣Ȼ
˧˵ʲô̾ǰóط
̣ط˶ûзϡ
Щ̾׷װ˿Ƕ˵طĴ֪طֵǺεȵ죬ץжطַһĻǸǶ֣ҺпΣա
ǲͬ˧ϵط粻ᷴط类Цѡ
Ժط˱Ѻųȥ
Ϊʲô㣬òҪ˽𣬷ء
ط类Ѻǰ׼ϳʱͻȻͣ½ŲŤͷ˧ѡ
вô
˧ԣһŭǿѹסŭ⣬Ҫ˵Ѿؼҳ㻹ؼˣвҲЧʥģҪ۵ģ
ɵȷʥģڷ֮ϣһ㣬ͨá
ط絭ȻһЦ֪Ҫڷ֮ϣڳηϣ㲻Ϊһ
صģ㲻вңҸ㣬ֻҪʵ㷸ɱ˵֤ݣˣ˧ŭ
ⲻвֻѡ⣬ֻҪҷɱˣκξ춼˵һ㡣
ط΢΢һЦȻ˾
һغϣвУŤתơ
ڶغϣȶǿȨ赶ɱˣָӦԣ


594 ȼ֮Ԥʩ
ҹĻ٣Ƴϡ
̾ӵİ칫¥ƻͨ洦ɼæµӰ
̾о֮йѹǿľ֮һҲߵľ֣ܶȻѡ֣ΪҺڣҲΪ˺այʥΪƲİȫĬĬס
칫¥һѶֹͣ˶طѶ뿪Ѷҡ
ѾǵѶطľˡ
ǰһѶľҲûдطе֪κϢ޷֤֤ͨط緸ɱˡ
ʵϣطȻĮ˶֣뷸ɱ˰˸Ӵ򲻵һ
ȣĮʮ˶ˣڷǷ͵Ǳ뻪ģΥ
ΣĮʮ˶óԱΣշӣ̾֯бġ
ĮʮȫװЯǹ֧ҩǰɽׯɱˣȶط綯֣طϸ˵
ۺҪ˵طֻǴˡƷĮʮˣǳɱǣҲΥ
ӦòַʽҶҹѺѵ鷽ڶǱ߶֣
ܶԼİΣģطԼѺѶڼ䣬Ǳ߻⡣


뾲СѧԶǸߵסլС
ļŵƹ⣬Գ鷿ҵ
ԳԱߣԳҵʵһֱڿԼֻĻ
ֻĻʾػ棬ֱСſڡͣں͵Ԫڡ
ط뿪֮ǰ鶯ˣȻ߳룬һʱڼУ¾ĸ׳·İȫͬʱҲǶԳı
ţ
ͻȻһ꣬ѼñڵԪŵڣȻͳһſƬ˵ԪŵţͬҰèһ㣬Ѹٽš
֣ͫ׶ȻΣյâ״
Ϊļ䣬Ԫѹûһס
ң˿ࡢٿ磬ҹѼñڵס˰Ƶ޷ĵȫò
һУʶΣգ
ְ¥øԼҵְֺܿͻѸȴװʲôҲû˵ӣ΢ЦŸŮԴ˵
ְ֣ȥɡԳɵص˵ͷ
һĻУ΢΢һʹ
طȼ֮ǰԤʩôɱĻǳ·ΣգŮȻ
ʹӿֳһŭ⣬ȻĬĬ˳Ůң첽ߵſڣȻϢش򿪷ţȻϡ
һУֱ¥ݿڡ
¥ݿں͵ݿԵģţɱֿ϶¥ݿ¥ûмأмء
ͬжϵһܿģ˽Ų
ȻԷѹ˽Ų΢Ȼˡ
֨
Ӻ󣬽ŲȻֹȡ
¥ݵľӦѼñƿš

ʱѵȺʱȻ֣˳ƻӳĴָʳָǯ״Ѹ͵ץѼñӵĺ
ৣ
ͻıʣѼñӵɫȻһ䣬Ȼƾսܺ;飬Դʶһƫ㿪Ĺ
һץУͣҽȻһǱ׼ţѼñӡ
飡
ꡪ
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һţȫֱֲѼñӵ߹ǣ˵ɶֻѵһײľţȻײڲ¥ݵϣȻء
ҵʹԶѵ߹ΪԲģѼñȫӾҲǿʹѸٴͳһǹ׼ǹɱ
Ȼ
ٶҪѼñеĿö࣡
͵Ѽñͳǹ˲䣬һѼñӵƴ߷ѼñеǹҲѼñӵ󡪡ĻѿѪ죡
Ѽñӵ˲ᵽɤϣͼһֻһץסĲӣСһ
û뵽㾹Ȼ
ѼñƬпεİӣɫѿ˵
µʧܣҺпҪС
ʶĻݺ񣡡˵
ÿ𣿡
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հ棬һʧܣҪ޷ߣر֤ؿƿһ˽
ѼñӵĻѼñϵϷЦݣ˵ֱѼñ¥
СʱھСԶһδɵĴ¥˿Ѽñӵ֪ͣѼñİɱ֯˴Ϊץ߳·ͬʱɱŮԳ
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Բĵ绰ʱ޷ͨ
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ӿֳ˴𰸡
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595 ݹ
޷ϵط磬绰֪ͨۼŵǰѼñӴߡ
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ۼԴϴ֮֮ǰ켣ĳԱת˺£Ҳһֺ֣𱣻Ȼ˵İȫ
ȻǰۼŵˣȻ˽˱ڣұȻȨԵһаԱ
һУֿǷҪ绰Ȼ뵽ȻĳԱطͽ֮󣬱㡣
ǰǰéĸǰȻ¾κΣա
ǰéЩǿ߶Ǹصص㣬֪Ǳ뻪ģ¡
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һͷ̷Ůһɫ磬һǶӵ棬վһżػǰżػ档
ɵǰ¾ͬʱҲطУȻİȫ
ΪһԱطĵȻŮֵĻֻѡϡ
һ棬ʵʩɱٳ֣ΪҪǣѧ˹֪ѧ֮һɱָڰǱѧУɱٳ֣ǵľ;Ʊػᱻ㡪һٸӣҲô
ţ
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˲֪ǴĶѧ˿ѧԺԺǽ⣬ɹܿѧУĵ̽ͷǱ붫ѧԺ
һĻŮһͬһߣһ¥£غ˳һжȥȻѸٽĵķԺڡ
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ţ
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Ժ΢ĵƹ⣬ǿؿ̷ŮһĮĿ絶һɨǣĿѹԡ
һУǶʱһȻӿֳһõԤСǸǣ̷Ůһǵǹڵǣ
ݵΪ׵ĺӶ˵ҪͳװǹԶ̷Ů

Ȼ
ȺӳɹǹŮһΣһͬһɫһ㣬˲Ϊ׺ǰҽ˳߳
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꣡
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һУƸӣʵ򼸺գۼ䷢쵽˼顣
һǱȣ
ŮֻһǱȣΪ׵ĺѪأʧȥս

һĻʣ´ĿɿڴǱϾǽܹϿѵģ˲ع֪սǹǹذףͬʱŮ



ҹĻ£´󺺴ͬķ˵ŮǰӶذףŮ
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ŮһɶԷһȻΪƣһĴڶԷĺϡ
һŮܺõؿûд϶Էļ׵ǣҲ˲öԷԵڵأֱӻ˹ȥ

ۿԼ̼ͬ䱻Ů̵ʧȥսһ´ͣ˽ŲؿŮʵ˭ۼźͺʲôʱһˣ
طͽܡ
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ءطʲôʱðһͽܣ
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Ӧһ죬Ů˲編ƣһƻĺ󾱣ȥ
̷ɱ֡
һΪʦ֣ݹ࣡


596 ıĿ
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СȻһ̾
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£Ůû˵ʲôֱ뿪ӣԺУɱһ
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ط簲ģҲطδҪĵ֮һ

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Ϊ֪ͬȥִܿܶʧˣǵϴ׺ջ
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УƱƴͰɱһЩСɫ񣬶ɱͽٳҪ
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601 
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׺Դͬһһ㱻طһ飬̵ѪԽĽЩ󺺵ϡ

ЩԭΪ׺һͺ𣬶ǿſ־Ҫƴ˿̿׺طһԴȾ׺ѪԽӶʱǱʩħһ㣬Ӳԭء
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ɺͰ׷Ϊطĳּѣκǿǲ㱻ŵϣ
֮ǰ⴫ʱӿֳ˲õԤУû뵽˻ط磬ʶΪǰۼŵɡ
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漣ûг֣ȵط磡
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ͬʱط翴ɺͰ׷ưȻ˿Ȼ󿴵κǿֻſãʲô
ͬʱΣӵĻһʲôĽκǿᵱɵ԰׷ʩ
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ͨ
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仰˵ʶɣɱ鼸ͨŮһ顢ӣȻƽһ
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ط粻ٶ˵ǰһӥץСһһѽκǿץת˳˷š
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κǿطĳǴ̱ǵѪζŵûӲθһ鴤Ż
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׺ȥĲȾʪѪκǿŵüһֱӱȻµøˣ޲ýθҺ³
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һĻκǿӣɣֻҪ㲻ɱңôСҿԸǮܶܶǮ
ûлشɽŲͣɱ·綼ԶȥΨκǿһˣֻһͷɱκǿ
졭ɣ㣬㲻Ҫɱҡ
ԽԽŨҵɱ⣬κǿعڵϣǹ͹һģܹһ·
ǵ֮ǰ˵Ļôκǿǰͣ½Ųʡ

κǿһϲ֮ǰ˵һС
飬㻹ָطǸ㱨أҸ㣬ѱܻ춼⣬ô㱨𣿡
ҰҲҪŮˣ
ΪңҾͻŹǣ̫ˣ

֮ǰ˵һУͬħһ㣬ϵκǿĶ֪ڼӵظŹǲܵģԶܡ
һ̣һִ׹ĸоȻԸٴγԿڣɡ
飡
һΣκǿĻ˵꣬㱻һϡ
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κǿһʹĺУڵأܵ˫ſɡ
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׵ӽ쵶ӳ
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طȥȻ׺㶵ֻ˸һ˹ȥͳ׺ֻȻһϹֻš
ʾĺطԲϤҲԲİ
Ϊʾĺıֻţ
죬طƷĮΪ׵óԱֻ֮ŸĮ绰ʱطӵˡ
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飬ڶʵʩٳ֡ɱʧˣǲǺʧطʡ
ص飬ȻһҺ⣬ΣҵҪܷסɱ֣
ھ֮󣬺ܿBƻʧܵʵЦһط粻ݵļơ
Ϊǻлô
طۣ֮гɱ⣬ϴɾӵţˣ


603 Ͻͣʼ
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ļƻBǶԸطƻзǳҪһĽƻԶӰ쵽C
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ǿһж³ӣǲƻʧܣطһ˶ûɱ⽫Ӱ쵽C㶼һȺʲôķҶӷջʡ

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Щѧʱȥһͼݿ顢ѧϰЩѧУ԰·ϡٳϣεĵطܽӴЩѧȺشҫԼϷЩѧУˡѧǵ˶ʡ
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605 Ѿ
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鷿ûװǰȹ裬Ǵװһı顣
磡
κܼ⸱һʶΪжӶʧܵѹû°顢ȹˡ
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ָָһԵɳκ֮󣬿żɽĿǰЩҪȥϴͨһһôߡ

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606 ѪϴĺŽ
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ԺʮľӢȫװֳ飬ֱŶĸ
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607 Ӷ֮
ҹɫīɽׯȫڰ֣ѹֵϢͻǹðκܡ̩ڵ˶е˾֣
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ݵľֹ󣬸Ѳ߾ͷĿԣһߴ³κܵıȥһϵС顣


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Ϊط羫׼ɱﵣ


609 ˵̫
Ϊ˷ֹطɱκ̩ܺߣ鰲κܵıﰲװ˴ըҩըˣΧ׷ΧΪƽأըһӣɽׯضɽҡв׷ױ顣
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ԣƱŵͷϣȻָҶӷ̵ͦΣöش



610 ج
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泩ƶ׺ͺ󣬻صһŮѵȺʱ׼ңӶȡǮں뷢չĿռ䡣
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һ죬Ǹط̸ЦУ˻ĵ¼Ԫ


613 
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ҹĻ٣нһ԰û˰췱æľ󣬲ũǶȥϢˣټĲ԰ԵЩ
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һҹΪĵޱ䡣
һҹǸ˲ȱؼ꣬¶һµơ
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614 ֿʼչ
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ABC
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һУԨ
̫ڻĴʱ򣬸ֶĹֹͣˣ֮ɼӭ˺ҹҲͨϢ֪˱ֹĻ
һУŭǵǣ
Ϊıطʵʩնжκܵĺ󳾣һعȺףкĹǸȫɥ飬޷ֵֵ͹
仰˵ȡӦԴʩҪӻĵˣһĽɽҲҪá
ŭ͵еûԴУڵ֪󣬵һʱ䲦ͨҶӷƵĵ绰
ҶС㣬Ҫٵİϣͨ
绰ֱͨ⣬ǰ㹧Ǻرǿ
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ҶС㣬Ӧö췢ţҲӦ֪ҺĿǰĴҴ˿̵飬ϣͨת
̬ȼµ춪ɽˣΨһİ취֣ڰ׵飬ӶŤתơ
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õģһһֱٵĵ绰Լ̬ȣͳ
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ٶ˵ϴ·ͬһһҹĿˮȻҶӷƵֻͨĵ绰

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ͣȻصСþӶѪϴɽׯɱκܡǸӶǵCʧܡָ֣µĺĳԱˣĻ̡̻ôȥҪ˵ɱܷ񱣴ȥ˵٣ϣõİ
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ڶѧԺط磬ǰͨʼǱԣؿסһУҲһС
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طƵ˳ǰܲ
Ѫϴɽׯɱκܺȫطµŷӡ
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Դϴط˸ͷȵ֮Ϳʼ˼ԼΪԼ̫ǵٴܵأҴ󣬱˸ı䡣
ߵʮ֣Լİ칫ңҪĹһؼĹֿ
ٳһЦʡʡίʵȨһѵ顣
ĴÿҪĹܶࡣ
˵ʮֿʼ½˽칫ݸߵͣǰֵúܿŽͼϹϵ
ʮӵʱͷȻһ裬վڴߣŲ裬Ϣ
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񣬶Էûŵ֮ж绰Բʲô¡
СʵڱǸҰ飬Ϊˡ
·Ϊӡ֤Ĳ²Ƶģ绰ͨ󣬵绰ͷľȿڡ
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Ǹ׳ȥɱʿ˼Ȼʧˣøʿ׳ʮջܵܲ㱨ŭֱӸǾ̻ǾˣԼ
绰ͷͣȻѵСҰæԭҲܲµ֣Ȱһ䣬ƲϵҪκΪܷŭҲãҲգҪӻĳ
֪ˣлл塣
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µķչѾȫƿءҪ˵үүҶҺӣ
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飬ӡ֤˾еѡϣϰʡ׷׳гӣץЩСͷĿ
һУĵ磡
ĵ˶ԼͬðһͷҪ군ˣ
һУڽ塢ֵ¸պͺ˶ԣһŶ裡
ȻǶ֪طǵһеģǶطͳŵް㻳ɡ
һдĶк㱻Ѫ
Ҫ֪ϲŸͨ绰ŵᶯùϵ飬Сʱ󣬾ȴȶ˴ҼǻԵĴ
֮ŭ˲ģǡһʱ䲦ͨҶӷƵĵ绰
Ҷӷƣĵ绰ңҪһͣ
绰ͨȿڣٿһŭ̬
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ΪҶҴС㡢δ̫Ժգ˸˷ظ˵
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ҶӷƻȻ˲˼
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ûлش
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벶ȸں
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617 ڽӣڲ
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һΣֱӴĻһֱеҵĶӣǸΪ֮ҲˣԲΣҺ飬ҲΪ嶯ƺߣүүô簮Ҳƽ޹ʣǿ˼Ҽ֤һ͵ı仯̫˺¡ȻöӣΪʲôŶӣ

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ǵһʱ佫õֻȡ˽ֱߵͰȻֻһŲ顣
õֻûд
ΪǰֲӶӳʶǿ֪űõֻǹػԷҲܾ׼λͨȽͨżⲿſԽֻá
ٱֻ֮ڽ˽һֻ¾ĸ׳·һ绰жԷæչԳ졣
һУͣԭ·ضѧԺȻõع˸ţֱӸˡ
ͬʱ
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С磬ģԣһЩ̣ѿʵ
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С磬֮ǰ˵ĺϴˣϹľعץǡûжʲôɣʳǵ⡣
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طܿ϶Ĵ𸴡
Ǿͺã
طĻ˿ڶӵĻû˿Ļɡ
֣ڵ;ģҼԼԣҲ̫үĽ̻壬ʱԼһľˡԶΣҺ飬Ҳȥߣ
طٴοˣƽ۽ʲô飬趼ҪţҪΪʲô
ҺԶ㣬Զ㵱ǵĽ
֪ΪΣطⷬһʹ۾֪ʱˣҲһ˿
֣һҪ˴绰ɡ⣬⼸ྩǡط˸׵Ҳζ׼ͨ
ãҺڼҵԷ˵ţֱӹҶ˵绰Ȼǰңط飬ġ
طһѽֻȻóڶֻͨĵ绰ңط硣
硭硭
طϤһȻҪط˵Ȼͳ¾ߵ顣
ȻСҶǶ£㲻ҪģҲҪүүģҸǣǧҪΪʲô˵˵ġ
طĻ֪ûбߣΪعǷҳԼû̫壬ΪֲԸռҡ
֪ˣ磬أ°ɣ
ԣ˿ȻӦЩط硣
ΪȻͳ¾ߺĴ绰֪طϹ顣
İɣҲ¡ط˵
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֮ͨطֻղһ绰ıֻȻվںߣƺڵȴʲô
ʮӺ󣬼Х˺ߵĹ·
ͣȣʮȫװعѸٳ򺣱ߣؿط硣
֣ǳһͬʱЩɻ
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һ򲽽طнϵϵ֮ҲӦõһʱ뿪Ŷԡ
ǵٶ̫ˣ
·Ϊ˸ǰץԼعƵģط翪ˡ
ৣ
طƽĻعǵĶУͬһը죬ɫһ䣬ͣ˽Ų
Ǹǣط粻Ƿ̫Ҳһʱǹǣ
һعЩţһ䱸ؿط磬Ǹоطǳ֣
ط磬Ƕֺ֪ܺãҲӦ֪ǳζʲôΪ׵عǿĵĲ˵
ԩ޳ΪʲôҪǶ֣
طԣ΢΢һЦȻҲˣ߰ɣ

طĻطһɵ΢ЦΪعڵˣһ±ơ
ҹĻ£Ǵ۵Сۣ·ű˴ˣͶ
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Ӻطϵظع뿪Ȼ󱻴
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ط类ˣ
Ϣһʱ䴫ڻ޴𶯣
ͬʱ
֮ѩҲ֪һС
һҪˡ
ۣѩվشߣŶһϷʵЦݣ֪Ҽɽĵƣ᲻ѳӻ࣬޲һ


621 ƿƣӳ֮
ïɭƵһǼ㲻ϵľƵ꣬׼ȷ˵һдȫҪڹӴ
֮⣬ïɭƵҲǶȫָѶص㣬عὫһЩﷸͷ˴ƵѶ
ɫïɭƵһ䷿Ȼ۾
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Ȼͳ¾󣬽˶ȫعѶһֱ賿㡣
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ΪѶУѵ֪طϴ飬֪ϹϰľعҪץط硣
عͳ¾е֪ط䣬֮⻹һЩطζԸ顣
Դˣһ֪
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عԣǵ˵ͷҲ뿪ԭ򡣵ȻҪĻǻᴫǵһЩ飬ϣһ׼
ûлش
Ȼ˲Щףüȫһȫռݡ
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ۿȻɵһվԭأһعٴοڡ

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ѶҵĴţµĿӴ˷䣬һĨϼҲ͸˷
طϥڵϣӭŶĵһƳϼд߶صĺ
ĸ䶼װżʮǣطһһڼ֮УعļػС
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Сĸ˿ֹµۣΪһЩ֪һЩĻͬʱҲףֲεǿԲģòҪ룬û׼ɴܰ
쵼ĻعʶȤرͣĬĬؿżƵؿطڽд֮ԳţȻڷȭĿࡣ
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Ȼط仰عɫһ䣬Щõؿط磬һ˸ֱ˵ʵʲô˼
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عԶԣɻĵط
ʱҲˣûھУ
ع±ƵģطջĿ⣬һеͣΪعˣھʲôҽǻòҪûʲôô
ৣ
عɫٴһ䣬ǶһۣǴӶԷϿ˾ء
Ϊط˵ϢȫǵԤϣϢ̫
أΪǸǣȻ飬϶жǴ
ӹعûٰ׷طѶֱת뿪ѶңҪȥ쵼㱨¡
ͬʱ
һžյԽҰʻ˻ļɲŵĴԺɴӳ¡
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ǸΪƶߡΪĺٽˣһľװͷñطṩ֤ݣ̧ͷһ۰칫¥ĹպƮĺ죬ͦص߽˼ɲŵİ칫¥
Ϊ˸¡ֵܺȥʿֻعҪʵٱһӳ֮
طĵƿ


622 جν
ྩģطż̤롣
һλڶĳЩӵĺԺǶŵլԺؼҴԺҴԺȡ
ǺǽĳЩǴǵİ칫
ΪҼΣǴ֮һںǽߵĴԺӵһ칫Ľ
һԣҪ˵̤Ƕμ棬ͨ绰졣
ΪĻдĵ绰εȽӣȻλ㱨ǷҪԽӵ绰
ŵӵʱͬһһЩҪļһݽڿĺͷܻҪ
ͬʱεӵһ绰Ȼһصطµ绰ΰ칫š

֪ţͷҲδ̧˵
XXղżͼǴ绰˵ɾԵͼ첿ʵٱͬ־
뷿վھԶĵط˺üӣ̧ͷʾ󣬲صؿڻ㱨
ţ
εͫ׶ȻŴӿֳһĨɣʵٱЩʲô
˵ٱװܡɱˣᣬ֤֤ȷ䡣ʵ㱨
ৣ
ٴĻӸλϲŭ¶ϣȻϢˣɫȻһ䡣
𾪡صѸεܿ죬ıָֻɫǣϸյ͹Ϣ
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鹧ȻЩľ뿪εİ칫䣬ȴףԻ𶯳ҰҺпܻеƽ⡣
뿪εüͷ˲šһüĿ֮ŭأ޷εĵǡ
鶼Ԥеԣοˣ
Ӻɫһɫĵ绰ͨһ롣
֡
绰ܿͨͲд
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ৣ
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Ȼ
Ļ˵꣬αŭϣȫ֣ҿΪŰ

ͣȴԶԡ
Ϊ˱סԼӵ;ͬʱöʧȥ֧֣ûҸλ㱨ӵ飬˽ţеȥӣȴû뵽ջ䵽һ
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ͼǱӦûȥ̴绰ΪǸΪ޹أ޹أͷصʱٴοˣӹɡ
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Ҳ֪ϵǴӴֳң൱ڹιƶ
û˵ջؿ۵˵绰ȼ󣬷顱һ졣
ϸڳ׵ر¶˿̵顪ŭԼɸ֣
ȻһطУɽȥؼҶݱڧѡ֧½Դбϣ
һιȲȥط籨طһ߽Ԩ
ΪҪǣΪ˱ӻ˼Ϊ޴ľұ룬˼ӵĸӰ죡
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ͻȻһȻֿطһۣ΢ЦתƵߵ칫ǰ²豭ڰ칫ϣŶȣҲûʾĺ룬ֱ绰ͨι
ţʵٱװܡɱˣ֤ȷ䣬ͼ첿Ҫദ㡣ڽܵѶʱ򣬱һУĸΪ޹أҲ޹أ绰ͷ˵

ûлش˼һ㣬ֱӾԭأԺһƬհס
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ܻŭһ
֣֡ΪʲôҪزŴ绰֤ʵЩͨƵǼٵ𣿡ŭعŵʵ
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ûˣҸղŸ˵һУүү˵ġٴοڣֱӶɱϣ
ž
һ̡
Ͳл䣬ص˰칫ϣ̶
칫ǰ޷Ӧľ


623 䶨
Ͳд죬꼸ܹ뵽绰ͷΣûٶ˵ʲôֱӹҶ˵绰
Ϊ֪µ˵ʲôǶģ޷ıĽˡ
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ͬʱɬ̲סԼ
顪
Ӧһ죬칫ҵӦ
ȴ·ûƵģȻһһܡ
ڵλͼ칤쵼żͼ칤ԱŶ룬ķӦѾ֪·ˣ
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ͬ־λӵϼ֪ͨ˶ʵٱͣеĹǵĵ飡λͼһޱ˵
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һعطԷٱʲôʲô֤ݣӾлعͼΪԼƱ磬ͬʱҲΪԼ
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ͬ־ϣ
ͼ칤Աޱһ䣬Ȼٴ
һΣûпҲûȥԼͼ칤ԱǲŤͷ칫¥ȴ
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λļͼ칤Աߣ˾ͷ·ʬһ㣬ûһһЩ칫ҵ͵Ҳᡣ
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عĻعһŵģط֪Ѿ䶨ˣûΪˣǵͷֱ뿪

Ŀط߳Ѷңع縺ص˿طؿ㣬еʯͷȻء

Ӻ󣬾͵ط߳ԺӵͬʱӶĴʻ
Ϊһʼӣ̬أΪˣϼҪԼ顢Ѷʹ
˿̣ڵλͼ칤쵼ҪԽ͵ϼҲַʽΪܼͼ칤쵼ûмʱֹ֡ΥΪĳ˵һʧְ
ڵڶĺм䣬߸һͼ칤ԱֹֹΪ
˶ЩࡪԴǴһ̿ʼ˾ͷ·ʧһ㣬ɬһԡ
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·һͷߵҰһ㣬˫۷죬Ŀضǰط磬ѪˣǸо޲̽ط˺Ƭ
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ͣͣ
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һĻԱ׷קס˿̵ѾʧرߣһʱȻûס
˾ӦʱһʱɲȻɿ̣Ҫȥӵ˫֡
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˾ѣɿ֣Ȼһ˳ţһײֱӽͼ칤Աײ˳ԼҲŹȥ
ءط磬վס
һҲϴʹһ㣬ŭһһͷҰһ㣬ط˹ȥ
һ̣Ϊ̬;Ҫʧȥɺ޷־޴ķȫŭɡ
Σգ
һĻԱɫһ䣬޷ֹֻܴ·һΣյ飬㲻þͻᱻײ
Ȼͼ칤Աȫ⣬˵˿ֻطһˣֻһͷطƴ
ȡ
ܿ죬̥Ħ
ô
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ţ
·ߣط籾Ҫһ⳵뿪ŭ𣬴˿̿⡢ɱسվԭصš
ʮףףס
ط磬Ҫɱ㣡
嵽طǰֻ׵ʱŭһȻű֮ƣֱһȭط硣
طһȭͷֻǳȭٶȶԣطš
飡
꣡
һ̣ͬʱ
һȭطؿϣطھȭ·ըһ㣬Ѫģ

ʶջѪģĸ첲һʹĺУǸоȱɱҪҡ
еͬʱڵأҲӷŭоѡʵط綯ֱ֣ѻʯ

ûٲضط綯֣ǴŴضط磬ͺʳɻ󣺡ҶӷƵͨ¼ԼҺͨ¼֮⣬ǲǻ֤ݣ
ûлش
طһľʵĿ⣬ǿһһһۣȻֱת뿪
ң
طҪߣҪȥ׷Сƣ۵һƨ˵ϣطıӰֹǸо·ǲ֪ԼװҲģ
һ̡
ȻˣԼִ壬鵱ƶƻطʱǶô緢г
Ҳˣ·磬ּ֮ʱĸӦֺǶô޿֣
ˣڲǰվڴǰʤ߶е̬Ŷطʾ⣡
߳ؼҵ㣬ƾʲôҶ
ƾʲô
ؼӲΪӪһ
̫ͱˣ̽䡣
䶨


624 ôܣ
ʱ֣ģ̱ڵϣѪģطȥıӰϵ˻𣬵ƺطҲûиκλӦҲδͷһۣŲδͣһ¡
һĻΧ۵ָָ㡢۷׷ףͬҲڵλͼһֺͼ겻ѡ
ؼǵãλʱǺεȵ緢ʱܶȦӶ;ػعȻδеߡ
񣬾λûжãȴͬһ蹷һſڵϣطıӰϵ˻
ֽȻķǲСĳ
ĳ֮£ǲԼͬؽĿͶǸнԶ꣬Ŀо
Ǹڱؼҳ룬˲õǰ£ȴǽ̫ⳡʤֶκһ˿Ա⣡
ؼͬԺӵһĻδԴﵽʲôĸ߶ȣ
ţţڵλͼһ̲סԼҡҡͷΪ壬Ťͷ˵ȥҽԺƣȻ͵ϼ
µһʱ·ǰȥ
һĻڵλͼһףղط磬ˣȫǾȡط粻øκΡ
󣬾͵ҽԺƵͬʱྩĳߵд¥¥
ΪҶҴС㡢δ̫Ҷӷƣֻϵڿİ칫ⲽͬȹϵϡ
ǰҪϢ
ȻǸϢԴ⣬׼ȷԼߣȻš
ΪҪеһʧŹһϣʹϢ
绰֤κĵ绰һֱͨڹػ״̬
һ³˹ȵסǸȷˣ
ˣȻһֲײĲ̬Ըš
ţ
塪
Ҷӷļٵͬʱ칫ϵͻȻ˰칫Ϣİ
ͻĵ绰Ҷӷһԥһ£ߵ칫ǰһʾĺ룬ֵ󣬲δ
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ݣٻ
ݿֱܻʣô˼ȥ飿
顪
ܿģ͵Ҷӷٴֻĵ绰ʱ칫ҵű졣
ҶӷƲᡣ
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ҶӷŭһֱӴֵĻ
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·Ϊӡ֤ҶӷƵĲ²ƵģΪ׵ľ쿪ˣͬʱͳԼ֤򿪣Ҷӷһ¡
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Ҷӷǿѹסĵŭ⡢ǺͲ򶨵ʵ
ҶӷƣӰװܡɱˣǵĵ飡Ϊ׵ľޱؿڡ
ৣ
Ϊ׾Ļ£Ҷӷƶʱɫ䣬ֱӽԭء
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Ϊ׾״ٷϻһӣ´
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ٴΪ׾Ļ쳯ԼҶӷξѣЩŵ˵
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631 
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˾ʵĻľãʵŰݷòΪҵĿģΪԼŮ



636 ַӽطˣ
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С㡢С㡢С㣡
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ףҽпˣϹյ˹˹ӰϹĸϰôӣȻԼ֣
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䣬ҽ̩ɽֵѧͬҲǻ֪ҽ֮һҪΪЩǿ
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㲻ǿڿ˵οֻҪӮүү㸸ĸģҪ˵ǸŮ࣬ҲùԹԸң
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638 ԸԳ洺
һСʱطȻͳ¾ճҽԺ
ҽԺļġٷ򸾣ī򸾶ڳС򲢲ڡĿǰյĴܹܣҪӽϵҪСʱ
ռ֮⣬ճڼҵûˣճҽԺԺһȺרҽŵȴƶӦԤֹͻ⡣
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ȻǶ֪طǰʱһŽ̳ͽ飬Ҳ֪ǼµĳҰ˶ôĺ䶯ʱ΢ƽ⣬ҵӰ첻С
һĿ⣬طɫƽû⣬ֻǶġٷ΢΢ͷӦȻŮĬߵǰһͬȴֵ
Сʱ򼱴Ҵҵ˼ȴңܼڸ߸ЬײڰĵȴԵú̶ܴ
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ΪҽԺǳʱܳɹʱΣաĵ˽̸֮ҽֱӿżɽֱ˵

ҽĻļ˶˿
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СǾͰˣ
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УĻ˶˶Ծʵƫ
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639 ˲
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ȻûдС䣬ϾѧңСҩƹ壬ҶҲ书һȥֱӽ칤Ա鷭ڵأ׵ͬͷһ
ģǸˣʡ칫ճһּҶͿģ㾹ȻҸҸ۶ӣҾ㣬ӣ֮ڣͬûнҵĶ͹ƤҰǶˣ
һŲ칤ԱϣȻԼ죬ðճǹһֺҵҪҲץң
ס֣
ʵĻһڣǰ˹
ĹϣܸߣҪʱʱؽѲߣҳٶȼ졣
ĵΧÿͷ׷ԶԶģֹ粨
ʷǵûһ˿־壬һ޿֣ûŲ칤ԱϵĽš
ͷ׵㣡
һĻͷ첪Ȼŭ´һ
ΪʵΪƾϺͷɵȨ
ҸղŶ˵ĻȻЧ
Ȼһв̽ҵĶ黹ңµΪֹھ͸ճһֻƽ绰
ͷ׵
ӦʵһŭȣͷֱӰγǹ׼˾ʡ
һĻʱŵܵÿӴܣҲЩԭƵǵһʱֻ뿪
С󣬻ûиǹָҡ
ڵǹڣûһ־壬ŭ壬һֻ֣
ǣ٣
ӵһʱȻڰ߶һһӰ˲Ϊ׾ǰ
꣡
һ̣ĶϹ
Ϊ׵ľδκηӦ㱻һǹֶ䡣

Ϊ׾ʹҽһš顱һǹ˵ϡ
⣡
֮ͻһĻʣ׷׾ԭأܣһӵĿž֡
ǹô
ٴοڣһ㸩죬ȫĿȻûеĻǣһʱ䣡


644 ʮ
ǿĻԵħһÿһ˵ЩĹԱ죬ûпڻش𡪡Ƕŵˣ
Ƕͨˣż˵ѧһЩҲûۼѧ֡
Ϊ֣ȫ֣գ֮Ϊ׾һĻоͬһ㣬Ǿ
ϼ쵼ָʾ뾯ʱѺʼƷ
Ժ󣬲Щ칤ԱӾлعһ칤ԱĶԽͻȻһ
ţ
ͻþüͷٴ
쵼ǵĹԱǰҲıڴˣ֧ԮʳһƵİ칤ԱȻع񣬷·ץס˾һ㣬ץŶԽֲػ㱨
ͨ3Ϯ֧Ԯ֧Ԯ
칤ԱĻ£ȾκξٶһҲöԽ㱨ֳ֧Ԯ
٣ô죿
칤Ա;Ļ㱨üͷǰֿɻɱڳİ칤Ա;ûǾԲǰΪºҪʹĴۣⲿžԻĳͷ
쵼˵
ԥһ£ûеһʱ绰˰ƽ£ǾȰ;쵼
ΪײԱԽ쵼Ҳˡ
ͨ£쵼̶֪ͣռҵϱǻƽҪʾõĶ󣬾ԲΪ
ò˵־ֵжٶȺܿ죬ӹʮȫװĻؾųǹٳ嵽·ء
֮⣬вڽÿֹͣÿͱ
ͷ׵㣡
ܿģһʮȫװؾ˰ͨڣ׷׾ǹ׼˾ʺˡ
Ҫǵ쵼
ʮڵǹڣʵȻû˿η壬еֻŭ⡣
ͷ׵
ӦʵȻΪؾͳѿֳ֪Ѳ߾㱨û⡪ʡӶϮ
ҸǻƽǴ绰ٴοڣɫʮѿ
˵һ飬ǿǹˣΪؾȫʴ绰Ļᡣ
٣Ȱ˵һٸǴ绰ɡ
ӿˣóΪ׵ؾһǳǿƵˣʽҶĻû׼ԷĻῪǹ
ȻԻɱǰʮؾ˲ɡ
仰˵ʮؾҪǹĻ޷ȷʵİȫֻܱ֤Լܹӵ
һĻʧְȴĽǾҵŭ𡪡ԲԸ⿴ģ
á
ӵѣǣͬˡ
ΪҲóΪ׵ؾһǿƵˣ˵һΪ˳һʱʹС޶ûطޡ
ȻΪ˱ʱЭûбͷ׵ֻǾ˫֣ʾͶ
Ҳˡ
һǾҵٶңһǰ֣ŸԵϣ
ץ
һĻΪ׵ؾٴεͺһȻһơ
ಡ
ؾǹͬԱһѸ͵شڳٱʺǰһ飬ֱ𽫾ʺ
ۿʺ˱ƷΪ׵ؾ˿첽ߵ˵ľǰĵʵ磬û°ɣ
ˣһ¾ͺˡ
ľʹӦţȻָӣµزһߣֺܺãǵСһЩ
֣ƾסңұҲˣ
ԣ⣬Ҫǣٴ˴ճΪ˸ռүӿռҵϱͶˣҲǻǵѡ
ţ
ȻӵĻһı飬ؾӳڣ˵ı鶼Щء
ץ˵ǣżõȻóʺӶһˣͬʱǸǣܹ򶨣벻Ǵţ
һĿʵǾʱĴǾʮּ֡
ߣ
Ȼܼ֣Ϊ׵ؾӳǵһʱ´
һΣǾʣӶϣûзҲûٿвʲôؾѺ뿪
Ƭ̺󣬾ʺ˱ѺϾȻ־֡
ֳ
ǰ־ֵ·ϣؾӳʵл㱨
ҪͨʱͻȻڵ
ӵ绰
绰ͷ־һ֪˾ʡ˷ųĺݻЩΡ
Ϊڲǰӵϼָʾʲô취һҪʺ˿סͷˡ
֮⣬ͨ´ʡһ쵼
ʡȴռҵϱƽѡ
һ£ŪһСľͻɴܡľ棬ʱ޶ûطȥ
õģֳ
ؾӳԣüͷȻԼֻ󴫵ݣմ˾ʵϡ
˫ִ޷ֻõߣؾӵ̸Ǳᡣ
ҽоʣľ¸ղѾ㱨ˣҲκνƱͷ
ȿڣЩŭ޿֣ҽøճǻƽǻ߶ѧУ绰˵һ顣Ȼ㲻绰Ļھ͸Ǵ绰
һҵľǾԲԩһˣҲԷŹһˣ־һִһǻȻҶ˵绰
ΪѴӾʵĻеõԼҪϢ
뾰ʵ֮ͨ󣬻־һ̽ϱϼš
ӡ
Ӻ
ӵϼָʾ̷߾ʺӣ黹ʵƷ



645 ߵ
ӵϼָʾ󣬻־һֲδûµȥѯʵ׷ʲôǵһʱ䲦ͨؾӳĵ绰
϶ӳ̷˾ıڣ͵绰ͨ־һ´
ৣ
Ȼ־һֵĻؾӳɫһ䣬׶Ƿ־һֽӵָʾȴһ˵֡Ź˻칤Աǵˡ
˵ȥ죡
־һֱӴؾӳĻ
ǡ
ûпǣ
ؾӳٴ˵ʲôĻ˵ڣ㱻־һִϣߵӹɡ
ǣ
һΣؾӳǧ㡢㲻ʣҧȻ´ͷػ
õģӳ
ؾػӦ
ؾӳֻȻûпᣬ˾ڣ˶ˡ
˿̣ؾҲǺؾӳ˾һֻǷھҫͷɵϱˣҪжơ
͸˵ˣȴ绰ǲڻҪԹԵذͻȥ
ƾڵͬ˻־һֵĻ֪ˣЦ⣬ǲӦðǵ⿪

ŵĻؾӳڣؾһߵս˫ȭȴ
顪
գؾӳߵһȭϣҵѷ죬Ȼ䲻ĵ˵⿪ǵ
£ܵر۾ƺȥһۣԼʧضԾʳ֡
Ӻſڡ
ľ죬Ѿ120վڳſڲԶȴžȻ
ôôͻˣ
ؾĳȥ֮󣬵¶һɻı顣
ɻע£ؾĳͣ£һؾ³䲻ԸţʺȺ³ֺؿһۿŵؾȻҡڵ

һĻľһ㶣ȻʶܵһؾԱߣڸʻλϵؾӳʵ϶ӳʲôôǷˣ
쵼ָʾ϶ӳžʺȥıӰһƵ˵
쵼ָʾ
ľԣһȻʵѵû쵼㱨Ϯô
㱨ˡ
϶ӳٴοڻӦгС

ľһδסˣϳŷŭ
Ȼ
ŭŭǸʡ֮ǰ˵ĻģʶռˣҲʶճһֻƽ񣬷򲻿ܱߡ
һ֮еķŭͲ˲䱻û󻯳˱
Ӿһ£еһ죡

ͬʱ
ʴӴҡڵ3Űͨ
3ŰͨѾָİÿνܼ顣
֮⣬һ쵼֮ǰʴ˶İ칤Ավ3ͨڣȴžʺӵĵ
ڸղţǽӵ쵼ָʾҪ3ŰͨڽʵĶʣҪԾʵǸȷþʵԭ¡
һУ칤Աĵ費Щ٣ְִ˵ĳ嶯
뵽޴ķѹӶＴĺӣеķŭʵȻ޴棬ȡ֮ί
ȻݹʽģǲʣΪŭ𱻽ѪԱĥֻĬĬʳ衣
ǵĹԱЯƷ˼飬ûзκΥƷ
󣬿ʺ쵼ݸ칤ԱһȻ첽ӭϾʺˣȿǸҴԸղһжѱʾǸ⣬ϣԭ¡
ԭ£
ʽӹԼĹİ鿴һ°ɽθ࣬ΪĹʧְ͵ѣҵг̲˵ұߣһ仰Ҫԭ£ôõ飿
ʿûߵĻ칤ԱеŨûпڷʲôǵͷͬʧƵģվ
ͬʱ쵼Ǹ˵ķǳǸ⣬ĺһСʱܸϷɻġ
ܸϷɻҲԭ޴Ϊ
ָ칤ԱһһԱ뿪Ұѳ˵·ɻûбԸ
㡭
ٴʵĻ칤Աԭӿֳһ˿ŭͼʲôδ˵ڣ㱻쵼סˣͬʱֹĻ
ģ֪ô쵼Ծʱ֤
⣡
쵼Ļ칤Աֻ춼ˣǰڣͷĿѣվվˣǱ쵼ţʱ̱ڵϡ
һУֻΪʵһ仰ʧȥһŽ߽Ԩ޷ѹ
٣Ը˵Ҫһ޴򱻿ҲͲֹһˡ
һĻʵû˿ͬʴȣһЦ⣬Ҫ۾Щ˲ܹģ
ǣǣǣ
쵼ѷŭޱȣȴЦԼ£Ϲٴŭʡ
ʼ״ԴһЦȻ뿪
ߵ𣿡
ʱ
һ
طϵ˻󲽳


646 ķ
ڻԱŭȴֻžʡ˴ҡ뿪ʱطͻȻϵǿƿڡ

طĻŴط磬쵼칤ԱԼͬסˣǴؿط磬Ǹо·ʣ˭
ৣ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģʺطĻ󣬷׷ͣ½Ųתط磬Ȼ˲佩ԭأɫͬʱ䣡
Ҳû뵽ط羹Ȼʱ֣޷εľ˲ǵϳ֣
֮࣬иǣǽһвǿѨ磬Ǽпط簲ŵġطѾ֪ǽ¾Ƿɽθ飡
ͷ֣ϵľŨˣûпڻӦֻǴؿط糯
ط磬˵ô
󣬾͵ط缴߽ʱ򣬾ǿѹסĵľ򶨵ʵ
ȻµطѾ֪ɽθ飬ѡװɵ㶡
˲θ࣬ȥռҶ֣طŲͣʴӹɡ
⣡
ܲµطѾ֪ɽθ౻飬ط׿˵ͷ΢΢һȻװɵط磬˵ʲô
ײĲᣡ
طԣ۾Ŀʡ
ɲǼ䣬ֻñõڲһ㣬ɽпֻŲѣءط磬ʲô
һΣطûлشֻʣǳƵĽŲͬԵħƵģþͷеĿ־ֱ
壬ס
֮࣬ʶؽĿͶӣȡ
ǣ٣
ѸٻӦһȻ첽ǰ˾ʵǰ
ƾ㣬Ҳң
Ӱ
طһͺȣһΣֱӴԭʧ
һ㣬˲ǰ˳һӣĲӬһ㣬һӡ
һƣطȻδھֲֻһĳֱӱ𿪡ըѣɨӡ
Σգ
ʾֻƾսܺ;飬Ѹٵڰۺᵵ
飡
ꡪ
һ̣ͬʱ
ӵ۱طһУµֱֱϵİֱۣڷɶƵģڿתȦصصڵء
һơ
طֻһƣӣ
һĻ·ĵӰƵģ쵼칤ԱΧÿͿĿɿڴϳŲţ
ǣӱҲ˾ξˣ
Ȼ֪ԼطĶ֣Ҳû뵽ԼطĲྐྵȻ֮󡪡طδھһǶھԿɱնݣ
𺳵ͬʱǿֱ۶ѵľʹվͼٴطԾʳ֡
Ȼ֪Լֿط磬ѻʯΪʵıڣ벻ϧһдȷʵİȫ
壬㲻Ķ֣Ҫˡʱʿӡ
ղҲطǿǿƾˣΪүʲоɽЩ
ȻʵĻһȻͣ½ŲѰ·ȥط硣
ط磬㵽ʲô
ͬʱٴνĿͶط磬ǿ򶨵ʵ
ž
ӦʵһĶ⣡
ط˵־һƣ
ʱطһƳ鷭ڵأһͷĿѣȧѣѪģòҡ
⻹طʵ²߶ھƾҲһƳ鱬ʵԴ
һƳ鷭ʣطûм֣ʵĹİͳƿɽθࡣ
С͸ϵȴԸβΪɣѱɽݣҰе
طƿӣ۶žʣô
ءط磬ȻĶ֣Ķ֣෴ұǿĴڣɱ˾٣ұ֤ҲŹ㣡
طĻͷһطһʣæڰңͼط硣
ž
һ̡
ӵȻֹȡ֮һ
ٴαطһƳ˳ȥ
һΣطȻûжھŭ֣һֱӽӵȧǳ÷飬ݡΣӰ쵽Ϲؽڣ޷˵ˡ
ءط磬ղŵĻǿšǾѧңǧ꣬ζʲô
͵ٴαطһƳɵͬʱʴӷµ״̬лعطֱȴѹǷݿ־壬ٴοڡ
Ȼ
ȾʰѺĻ˵ڣط縩ץסʵĲӣӥСƵģһѽҺ˲ôҺձɽΣ

ԣ뵽ط¼ʱԶԡ
ڻĵӰȻ޷ĶᲢۣҼи߶ֵҲδرȵձͷɽ顣
ط磬µΪֹΣ
ٴοڣݱطķâʱϢˡ
ÿô
طޱ˵ţȻֱž뿪
ط磬ҪǾΪô
ͼǱ̶Ƶģеͽ͵ģ¼ˡ
ҪСһͬʱҲռ˿ǵն
طһžʳŻȥһ˵ΪУҵĵ˲٣Ǿң



647 е
طǿƵĻԶԣطӥСһŻȥ
ΪǸطǿƵ·Ѻ˵ƣطҲԲ
ͬҲ֪Ҳ֪Լʵط̫󣬳ֻ裬ǺʶȤûг֣ҲûпڣǾط뿪֮󣬵һʱ绰ʵĸף㱨¡
ԼߣҰ㣿
ʱطŲһ٣Ťͷӡ
ȻطĻ΢΢һû˵ʲô̵ʿһ㣬ͷط
ͬʱ쵼İ칤Աľһԭأһг𺳣
û
𺳣
֮ǰΪϼ쵼ĻʡŹ򰲼칤Ա;ǵûб׷Ǹ
ʸǱֵòһָ칤Ա쵼俪Ҫ쵼һ𶪵
šһ
Ǿ֮ǰʵдգ
ʱ˿̣ʱطӴһһӣȻСһž뿪
ֽȻķ˼𶯣
޷һҪţ浽ʲô̶ȣſӽѵһѵճһֳ桢ڵĹӸ磡
һˣ˱ж°
ʲôûпղųִ˵ʱĵӰһӰȥ٣ǽһ
ͬʱΧÿͿط絥žʣָָ㡢۷׷ס
Щÿ͵ۣ쵼Ͱ칤Աعްŭȡ֮ǴģطĿŸм
һ̣طоͬһ㣡
ʵг衪ΪүСʻУ۸
Ƿ裬޲Ҹطȥˣ
ţ
Ӻ󣬵طžߵʱľ컹ûеȵȻȻվڴⲻԶĵطǡɿһĻֱӴסˣ
ɬе·𲻸һУʶ۾ͼԼøһЩԼûпղŲһѵľʡˣ˿һ˱طУһѪظں棡
⡭ʲôǸ˭ľ̲סаԼ
ûд𰸡
һ̣֮ͬǰ쵼Ͱ칤Աһļϲм
ط粢δһУһ⳵ȻǶһʶ˽ȥȻϳ֮󣬲˾ʦռҹլ

ͬʱճίԺƽӵ˽Եĵ绰
ǣҸղڿᣬ˵Ҵ绰ˣʲô£
绰ͨȿղһֱڿᣬ㱨ƽ绰һʱƽ˵绰
ǣģ˵Ҫһоʵˡʶһҩ̣Ǿֵӣ˴ճΪ˸βľˣҵĴ»Ӱ쵽β绰㹵ͨһ£ڿᣬҾ˽ˣⲻնɣƽһֿЦķʽ͡
ʲô
绰ͷƽĻɫ΢΢һ䣬˰ˣ
ǵģǡ
ƽǸȷظȻЩĵʣѵΥ飿
Υ鵹û˺ȱµ顣βİɽθռΪУȻͼŰɽθ뿪ط緢ˣطҰæʱסҪȥ׷ذ˲θ࣡͡
ʲʲô
һΣֵƽɫˣҲû뵽ռҵϱͶ˵ľʣȻ飡
ҽѯһ¾Ƿѵǻûеǻ˽סȴطϵǵǻĻ
õģǣȥ죡
Ƚ԰ѺĻ˵꣬ƽЩش˽ԵĻȻֱӹҶ˵绰
ΪԣʱǽǮ
Ϊһʱ¾ʴŸβİɽθ뿪׵ռңӰ쵽ֵ

Ӻ󣬻ƽ绰֪½չ˿ȻһµػزԵĵ绰

ͬʱ
¾ȻŮռҹլġٷ򸾣ī򸾺򸾶ڡ
ôˣټŮЩɻʵ
ġʵش
磬Ǹط絽ҪʲôΪʲô˶
Ļ£ʵ֮гŲ벻á
Ϊ֮ԻۼΪĽӵطĵ绰طڵ绰ռҹլҪռˡ
ط粻ʧȥؼ̫үıӻѱؼҳȫܸռҴκκôֻռҴ鷳
һ£ֻҽԺţռΪطһ绰ʦڣʮִֵΪڼλߣ϶ط硣
ˡ
Ӧֻ𶯵Ŀڴֻ
ûлӦ򣬶óֻǻƽֱӽͨãǡ
УʵڱǸΪһʱɴ
ƽǸȻԼʵȥģ˵ҿط缰ʱϵ˰ɽθ࣬ҶûϺˣ
û£ǣҲΪ֪顣
˵ţüĿָȴǳŭ⣡
Ƿŭ⣬ΪƽʣΪʵΪ
ôˣ
ĹҶϵ绰̲סʵĵɫѿ
Ǹ˵䣬ٱС۰ǷɽθݣȻеͼճǣС缰ʱ֣׷˻
һܻ໰Ȼ뵽طĵ绰ʱط⣬С绰ңӦҪžʵ

ȻĵĻٺī򸾣Ȼ¾˶ԭء
⡭ôܣ
𾪹̲סһš


648 ˷۱
ô
򣬾īЩš
޷űǵϱͶ˵ľʺĵ飬ǸǣľԲôҪ˵
һеͬʱīЩɻʵģƽô֪£
ৡ
īѯʣֲԼͬŤͷĿͶģȴĵĴ𸴡
ССĻŲɣΪˣ֪Ƿɽθöʮɽΰƶɺ󣬻ɾʺ˸뽭԰æʡ뿪ʱ˵ЯƷϸ飬ò鵽ʴС͸Ƿɽθࡣ
ĿڽͣȻŭ⣬С֪ٴ뽭԰æûľסʣʵıڴ˾죬鴫˻ƽƽİ컵£ָʾž뿪С缰ʱϵץס˾ʣǷݰɽθࡣ
ţȻǸ飡
ҡҡͷ˵龭һ̫˼
˵ҲһϵɽΣǷɽθҩģмУ˲ŶռΪеͷɡīжϡ
˵ˣǸװƷʲôöû˵ɣ
ȻҲ̲סˣϳߣ޲̽ץһ٣ǣװҲˣԩСҪС͸үүɽθռΪУֱ벻̣
ţ˷硣
ͷԭԾʵӡ̸⣬֪ʵĳªо֮󣬶Ծʵӡ͸ⱲӶټˡ
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656 ԾҴ˵ս飡
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ε֪˾Ҵ˾Ҫսɱط顣

֪Ϣ֮ԭһ겻ͬʬһŵĵ飬һЦϳĺ볩죬ط磬飬ͽΣϾҪˣһţһܾãпܻ̣ǰҳһ죬һȥͷĲʩʣ

Ϊ֪ط缴ҪɱϢȼϣͶ־ͬʱ֮⣬λܲϴ׺ټźڵĺĳԱٿ顣
죬ҰѴټΪطǸС顣شѾ˵¡ѧҾҵ˾ڳطСս
鿪ʼ׺ȿڣȻԸ˵һ¾ҵͬʱһһսĽȻǸԵķǷִ֮ǰƶļƻ
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ΪţԶڻѧָƣ֪ңҶԾ֪֪ףǾҵ˾ڣδҲʵΣȻطС֮սȻǶžԵġңҸΪǾҪطС֮ս˽ԹҲȫѧ澰ҳ
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֯ǵĸ˷֮ͬطģҲطģطһȻ߳ţ¶֯Ƿֲ֡
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658 ǿ֮·
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ҿԲֹǴʦһѧʦǰһЩɵšʦҲ

䶷ŵӳŴϵ۷׷ס
ӽȭʦ
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·Ϊӡ֤ߵĲ²ƵģʱţһѧʦȺΪѧĵ֡䵱Ͱš
ιԹԣ磬˻Э᳤Ͷüųʦ̫֮⣬ѧͷﶼˣֱ˼鰡
ϣߵԲӣѡ
ûοطûгӦһսǷжδ֪أšʦۣڻѧʷϾͷһأ
˿ڸͣ˵˵
ʱ֣һսδȷǷУѧ綼ˣ



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ⲻһϵ磬źܶĹһЩҲҪءҪ˵㣬ӣνľҼҲȥƹȴҪ̤򡪡֪ζʲô𣿡
вɢĿϢѩη壬ǰһվԣһһ
Ҳ֪ζʲôֻ֪ү졣
ѩľ沢δе־壬û˿˼һϴ϶ļƣ棬ѡȥүϴڣȻĵүŮ׷үҲѡ񷴿ȻѺȥ
̫
ٴĻŭˣֻŭһšﬡһ죬ֱӰγ˱ֱָ
ƲԳԷƣ
һȻһΣ˲ǰ
죡
֮䣬ٶȿ쵽£
ȻǾͯѽ书˰۷壬ȫվҴеѧԶȵЩ۷ǿڸɵŵӣȻڵʦȫɱȵġ

κηӦһӣ̽ȡһ㣬һץסĲӣֱӽ
òҪҲĺ
汾ܵҪʵжһοˣɭޱȡ
ſ
һĻ˽Ծ׷׳ֹ
ƻ֯ȨƱػᱻ֯㣡
ѩҲˣžԵ侲ͼû֯
죡
˵ŭѩвһţ»ļƣȵȺ߹ٸҶ죬Ҳһѵ

ٴĻȫӹɣѩڣ˶ûٿڣֻüŭض
ΪһԲϼ֣һĻڳֿܹ
ȥӣ
ݵĳĬͻȻһȻתҪȥ
ţ
һǸо·ʣ˭
̷ſȻϴڣҿһ򣬽ҲȲ㣡
Ӧһŭȡ
ŭȳӰ֡
طԾԺǽ磬ٳ


668 һŲ
ν֪η
ΪڵͯС󣬳ǰžһ֮ͬ߳⣬ǵڶΡ
̾ڵճž䡪ʹҲΪȥʮȫ
һ£֪٣׹һҲ˽⣬ȱپηȫһ첻µزµļơԼǿΪΪ
Ȼ
͵ƾ׽棬ѹȵѩ˲ҿʱطˡ
ǧһ֮ʣطԼд书ĵڶʽӡ֮ȻƾڵǾ䲻һĻȺ߹ٸҶ죬Ҳһѵ
仰ڿԾԺǽؿվѩ˵ǰСһС
Ȼ֪ѩΪλҲ֪׷ʲô飬ǰһĻֱ֮ӿˣǿƣﲻɣ
ţ
ȻطĻѩˣ;˶һ
ӣ
ϴ󣡡
磡
ط磡
ݵľȹȺд־ѩڣ˾һؿطһ㣬ٳ
ô
ͬʱ;Ҳعгһɻ
Ȼҽңҽ¢ϰҩгϢǿ󡪡֮ǰֻǴ̽ס֪طıбչء
ˣҲĿŵܵǿշȥڵŮ
졭
ûд𰸣ʵԺﵱ¸ֳ˵ڻطһƳ鷭Ļ棬ʶس󺰵֮гž塣
û
Ǿ壡
Ϊͨط¼͵ڻֵ飬֪طǶôǿơ
һ£ţط˵ȥᱻط統ɱҲкùӳԣ
Ȼ
һжˣ

һ̡
棬ط罫ٶȷӵ£ͬһһ㣬ǰ˳ƻӳƵֱۡ
ž
һֵط纬ŭ֣ھӿӿƣƱĵлҪֱ֮ӱиγһգըѵڶڱը
䣬طһֵݺݵֱϣµھ˲ŷ
ۡ
ɲǼ䣬ѪŽ
ֱֱӶѡըѪɣǱڵһ㡣

ͻһĻһĵʹ̼ÿһ񾭣鲻Խذһ
Ȼ
ܿ죬İȻֹһȡ
طһֵնֱۺ󣬲ͣһһɢ֣̺ſھֱһǱӣݺݵسؿڡ
꣡
ĶϹ߹˲ѣֱӱ÷ڿѪѪ䡣
ͨ
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С
ط㳹״һһϢһ
⻹طû֣ղκһҪǻѨ˲
Ϧ£ҲղŵţеֻǾǸо·ʣôǿز
ô
ˬ
ӣ˸ӣ
ģŰ
Ӧ͵˵۴
Ϧ£ǵϾǳŴĵı飬Ǹо޲ȥźá
ʲô£ôˣУʲôΪʲôҪ涯֣
˻ط˿ʵһʳĸ⡣
㣬ȥطɡطѯʣѩ㿪ڵ
á
˵ͷȻһ˼˵شʦġʮǰҴ˾ڸճս飬Ҫڽ֮ս
ɿؽȥһһʮظط磬ط緢սҪΪŮѧĴＸۺ˿ȴȵȡ
ءط磬ȥڵ֮ܽս
Ļ£ͻȻˣĵľ벻̼ط磬طȥӦս
һĻӹһ١
žžž
ӦʵǳƵĽŲ
Ϧ£طһԲɫ
㡭ʲô
ططɢɱ⣬ҲҲһ˿ţеֻǿֻţһ߿Ѫһ߾ֵʵ
һ书ӹΪΪΪطһһڡ
£طǰͣ½Ų̧ţȻ־ĿУһŶؿڡ
꣡
ٴδؿ߹Ǳµھ÷飬Ҳ˲ѣ
ۡ
ſһѪӾҵس鴤˼£ȻһĿɢȥ
طһŲ
ˣ
һĻŵüֹͣ˺᲻䶯
ͼ˵ʲôȫ־ռݣһƬհףӲһֶû˵ֻؿطʬ壬󲽳
û´ĻǾΪҲӦսԴǰǿշȥǸڵŮӦս
ھʾֵע£طߣڣȻ󲻵ش𣬱˵ԸһȥӦս֮ǰҪףѵ³

£طһ߳оʵ˫ϥ
꣡
촫ʵ˫ϥ˲飬ֱӹǰ
ط粻ͣһץʡ

ʰһֱŵû˹ȥ
ط״һץסڣֱӽ
ͣ绰壬ֳ߱ˡСʱȥȡڹ
涨
Ϧ£طһɱⱬ


669 ·
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طĻʹӼлع񣬲ӦţȻóֻز־ĵ绰޷ͨһȻӣҰֵĵ绰ͻȻͨˡ
磬ҰҲȥֳˣҸ绰֪ͨһ
͵Ļ£ط翪ڣȺ߳óֻ׼Ĵ绰
ˣˣֱӹȥ
طԣ΢΢һû뵽ľȻǰսȻ˼ֹĲڹٳǻľĴ󿧺δ̩ɽʵڲ˴
á
طĻط˼ֻ
߰ɡ
ط翴ѩһۣȻʾǰֳ
ඣȥ֤ӰǸڴһ
۸ߺ˴Ѫȵ״̬лع񣬸ط磬׷ǰƬ
ӵʱοﵽ߷壬鲼ÿһ㣬糱һҲΪǸǴڡ
ɱЭĹԱȻظλֹοͽ롣
ҴȻͣںߣ˶ڵȴطĻӦܶʧȥġ
ˣط޻ӦҲǲˡ
ǰӦսĻˣȵڡ
νıչֻǽڣǿ󣬵ԾҴ˾ڣվˣ
ԭΪԿһһˣط羹Ȼˣƣ
һϣԸɵӵ۷׷ף˶Ϊطˣ뾰һս
ǣϣЩĵĽС̽͹ٳҲ׷
ϴĲ˰ɣ
ϰĺμƶߺ̲סʵ뽯һΪֵ¸ǰ֪ĻϢֻûѯʼֵ¸ա
˿̣ۿطٳٲ֣վ̲סˡ
ৡ
ٵĻڵǣԼͬؽĿͶ˼ֵ¸գڴصȴżֵ¸յĻش
Ǵ˴ǰۿط뾰ڵ֮սΣؼ֪һսĽ
طʤһж˵֮ط类ɱôĵĽȺ׵ĸ֣ȻҪ츲صı仯
⡭ϵÿһ˵棬òӣ
ǣ־Ϊ׵̽࣬ΪĹٳʿҲǽĿͶ˼ֵ¸ա
ԭΪضӭսģµҲеò׼ˡ
Ժٵѯʺ˵עӣֵ¸ȻطӦսûҰѻ˵̫Ǻǡ
ϴСϵҪ绰һ£
ΪûбҪܻġӭսô绰ҲӦսҰֻûҲ޼°ֵ¸˵ţжںٵҪǲá
ʱ˿̣ѧĴﶼˣϻ־Ĵãֵõط硢绰
ο۹ϵ־طĹϵԶԶطĹϵ˶δ绰أ绰ʲô£
ϴ˵öԣԴȣǲܣҪȥԣʶԼ⣬ԼͿͬʱֵ¸ձʾǸ⡣
ֵ¸ҡҡͷʾûϵ
һʱ䣬ҴٴΰڶҴȴ
ط粻Ĳ˰ɣ
㶼֣ҿ
Ļ˿ɾͱˣƻѧǧ£
Ըصѧʦ۷׷ףͬʱؿʢڴʢܸһȷĴ𰸡
ǲÿң֮ǰ˵Һһ֮ֻΪжطСӻӦսСӽǲǻֻ֣Լ֪
Щѧʦۣһųڴӣʢ̯̯֣Цѡ
ԭ䶷ڵļѧʦЩ̲סҪʢˣ˿ʢĻ׷׽ߵĻ˻ȥ
վڲԶľƷ塢üͷ
ԾҶԣһսҪҳط磬ҲΪѩܣһս澰ҳѧ磬νһ
һ£طѡĻеĿĶ޷ʵ֡
ȥСڣô¡Ʒţ֪ں;ԤĬġ
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һʱȻת뿪Ⱥ߽ա
ռƻط뾰˵ıҴϽУΪҴҪҴһЩܹ㣬йҲкᡣ
һҵ˾ڣżɽʵڶô
֮ǰѾ绰֪ͨˡڵͷ
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ǻûػ
˵ţЩԾⶼȥСʱˣʺӦûػŶԣֵڴ绰ǡ
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ͬʱ
ʮʻھĵ·ϣִ
ΪҶطڸʻλϣںţԱʬ壬Ŵ̱ǵѪζ
Ŵ̱ǵѪζߵʬ壬˫ϥľʹɫףɪɪгſ־壬ڶȥطһۡ
ˡ
ʱֻ𶯵
ͻþʻһȻز㶵ֻ𶯡
֣ɫ˲һ䣬ʶȥֻ⿴طֹͣԼľٶ
Ǿ˴ĵ绰ôطŤͷʵ
ûһش𣬶ǲóֻȻǾڵ磺ǡڵܡ
ֻҡطԣ˵
ʶ˵Žֻݸط磬طֱӽͨ
ʸ磬ǱʲôôҲص绰
һ̣Ͳд˾ڵ֮гŲ
һˣһˡ
طƽ˵·˵һ΢С¡

绰ͷڴյľڣȻطĻһѿʵ˭
Ը·
طʣֱ̣


670 ǿƵǳ

һסˡ
˵֮ǰֻǾȵĻôʱ˿̣ױˣ
ط磡
Ȼ֪ʺôط磬˿Կ϶绰ͷط磬Բ˵һ
ཡཡ
󣬾͵ڴлع˵ʲôʱͨѾжϡ
ղط磿
ƾ賬ǿط뾰ڵͨҽڵı仯۵ס
Ӧ
ҧгݵ˵ţòҵֻɱ⣬޲̽طңʺˣһˣһˡǾңҪ˶ι㣡
ߣȥ
ͬŭ죬˵䣬ɫת뿪ᣬֻ
ͬʱ
طѩˣ˳˷ڡ
쿴гˣطô
طδ³˵ע⣬˸Ǿ
һ̣˵עУطƿţ
ط磡
û뵽ط羹Ȼͷˣ
˵طǿƵ磬Բᵱͷڹģ
طһ³ʱԭȺˣǷ׷׼
˵ۣطֻƬϿףΪҼľƷЦˡ
ԭһֱط粻ӦսһеļƻҪˣطˣеĵĵȻȫޡ
ΪطһˡƱػὫطɱ
Ȼ
ܿ죬ƷϵЦݽסˡ
Ϊؿط³Ӻλ;ʣǰͬһһ߻ϳž֡
֣ʱþƷͷһüͷ˲һ
֪Ĭ˾ʺ;Ӧ˿̿һĻýֺͷ뵽ʺǿշڵŮʱط磬һ۱㿴ȻûҲˣ
ڶҴϣЩѧʦҲǷ׷׿һ㣬һɣ֪ʲô
УΪ֯Ագüͷ
ʲô
ط˭
֪ϺѪӦˡ
طʲô
ͬʱһҺ͵ҴϣЩԸɵĵӣ罭С̽͹ٳʿϳɻ
ھԶǵֻܿطˣԼѪ޷
ûд𰸡
һ̣˵עУطСһʬͱеľʣѩˣ󲽳ŷȥ
ţ
һĻվڷڵľ죬ЭĳԱһ¡
ΪýʺѪҷ˫۽գɫ࣬һжϳѾˡ
С¾ˣ
Ժ󣬲ȷڵĹԱӷµ״̬лع񣬾߳գ˼װϣطľٶȻŭ

ĻһĿɿڴǶû뵽طľȻǾˣ
λ֮ǰ֮ûлӦҾڣֻΪһֱڱչ䣬֪¡
طֱ˾ĻĿɨҴ󴬣ͣڵڶҴϣ˵ΪҳٳûлӦΪҲӭսΪ˱ӭսصȥɽׯ书ǿҵȥڵŮ
治ͬ⣬ǱǿƳ֣ѹȻҪѶ֡ǶһȺͨˣ
ƨѾüɹͨˣȡ˶üɵͬ⣬ҼڶŮŭһطĻͼ⡣
ȡ˶üɵͬ⣿٣漸ǰ㱻üɳüɸһëǮĹϵóǸϴŮ˵һ˵üƾʲôطȵ

ʱԶԣ޷طĻ
üųʦ̫ɫ࣬ŭ죬Ϊһʱûп
ô
ǵģ
ͬط˵Ѿü߳ȥˣü޷Ҫʲô
һ򲽽ڶüɣҲǿԾּܾҪģ
̫˰ɣ
ǹ֣̫ſˣȫڼ̤ѧĹ򰡣
ǾңüҲе𰡣˼ҳˣҪҪ˼ȥŮ
ͳʦ̫ı֣˶ط˵ʵ˲ƿΪ˷׷֮䶼ָ𾰼ҺͶüɵΪ
ط磬ˣ
ʱ˼װϣ˵ۣҲ˾ʺֻͬСһطУ±һɱͬɽ緢һ㣬˲ڡ
Ϊߣǿٳ֡ȥŮҪһȺͨ˳֣ȫӻ֯Ĺ涨ǡñҳغײе
طȫڵĻ˷ƨûȥһۣȺָ;ʣ˵䲻ߣǱΪ飬ЭһУҴ˫ȣʾͽ䣡
ಣ
ಣ
£ط˫ֶȻȻʬ;档

ȻڿգڶϺХŵֱӱ˫ۣȼӿ˻ɫҺ塣
ˣ
ͨͨ
ˮʺʬ屻ط統ڶ˺
һУһĶ⣬ݺݵس˾ϣ
һĻڳˣ


671 һ۷Ծ
֮ǰطٳûгʾӭսҲû˽еļ֮⣬˶Ϊطˡˣҽܾڵս
طžʺʬȻԼûлӦսͶԾʡֵԭ˵棬ǿƵؽʺʬ嶪˺
ֽȻķ˵𺳣ֱ޷ݣ
ͬһУҲһŶ˾ͷϣ̤˾ҵĽҫ
Ϊѧϡǿѧ֮һԹڻѧӵкܸߵĵλÿγ𶯻ѧ磬ʲôʱ

ܿ죬𣬾ʾʧںˮڣͬʱȣ׷˻ع
ڣ
Ʒ忪ˣĿضԶط磬еŭɱΣＷ⼸֡
ǣүү
ǿ̳ȥɱطĳ嶯ŭһֱѸٴ̾ʺˡ
ͬʱ˵ע£ط粻ٷϻǴѩ˳ͨͨ򣬿ʼǴ
Уط羶ֱ˵ڶҴ󴬣ѩ˵Ҵ󴬡
ԭΪطˣȴû뵽ȻôǿƣҶ
ǰѧ绹δǿƵ辰ң
һյıɾͺÿˣҲ֪طǾڵ˭
طһŵڶҴһҴϣЩԸɵĵӷ׷Ǿ̾طǿƣ̸˽Ҫе֮սʱˡ
طȻֵüǿƣΪǾڵӮһЩһ˴Ѿõѧң洫ѧȭֲ˹ڶط˵Ϊչ䲻֪ڵսҸΪ˵ѡ֪Ҫ֮ս󣬲Žбչصģжϣ˵ԼĿ
Ϊ˵úеǿƲʤ෴пΪûףռϷ硣˿ڸͣõ˴˵Ͽɡ
ǿƵȷʤ˽طĻӦ֪ǿĴʣ֮˵ڱҵΪطӮһЩ¼սɣǿɶɱģǾĻɱȣ˳ֲͬ
ûʵ⣬طʤɱǾڿɱȣ
طܹջʤ
֧־ڣ

һʱ䣬һҴϸɵĵǽһɿ
ڶҴϣЩѧʦʵҲۡ̽һκξƷ塢˾վһԣû֨˶˾ң
ҴϣЩԸصĽС̽͹ٳ˴лعڶҴ󴬵ط磬ǱųĬ
һ棬⡢УۣΪؼǣǶѧ˽ⲻ¶ۡ
᳤ڤʦŴʦԴʦǴʦ
ͬʱط߶ھ磬ܿ˵ڶҴ󴬣ֱʢڤʦʦ޵䶷ʺá
ˣϤûдк
ˣҪѧϰףǾԺҪ֮սƾ֮ǰĻұҪһĽѵ
ʢ˻Ӧط磬üųʦ̫ͻȻǰһĿضط磬ϳŭ⣬Ŀɭˡ
ղţطüռһʱòᣬûмʱӦ˿̿ΪԼͶü档
ϴŮΪ㣿
Գʦ̫ľ棬طȻ޾壬Ц
㡭ôĵӣ
ʦ̫ûһ޲һط磬ճûôŭһ䡣
ǣһ֮ʲô
ʱһֱĬľˣûȥط磬ǿųʦ̫һֲм˵֪ηҼڶԺȥүúڣ
˵öԣϾҪˣҺαظ𣿡ʦ̫ЦͷطĿڿһˡ

һΣط˵ʲôڴӺнʺָһˣȻһڣһһ㣬Ȼڳˮ棬ֻžһҽŲȵˮը
ˮĽڿնžʺʬɵԾ˼װ塣
飬
һ㣬ʪģֽʺʬ嶪һԣȥܾʵĿ絶һ㶢ط磬ŭһ
ŭɱӿ
ɲǼ䣬һѸճʵľɢſµɱ⣬ɱط磬·ڸط磺ӵĺǣὫɱ
·
ط˵ţڡ
ɲǼ䣬ҴԵİ˶Ŀתضط뾰ˣڴⳡʼһ۷Ծ


672 һȭ
˴䱻밶̫ңԵƬ̣ʻУ˫ٽб䣡
󣬾͵طڵʱͻȻһм䣬ޱؿڣӹɡ
յĻطͣ˽Ų
ȻʶգҲ֪յݣ֪յľǶԵġ
һоͿɽ䣬αô鷳
ɱڣ˳ֵ׼ۿȻմϣЩ
ûлشֻɨ˾һۡ
ɲǼ䣬ֻòϱ˼һѸֵƵģëը𣬴ͷһ䡣
ûٿڣǾηؿһۡ

ޱָʾ
Ļ£Ҵ󴬿ʼ밶ʻ롣
ܱʱϣŽŵϢҴ϶˿ڣֻĬĬؿط뾰ˡ
ضط磬ɱⲻǸо·ֻҪһͣ£Ҫֻɱط硣
ڵĿ⣬ܵĿбɱ⣬ط粻ᣬֻɫƽվ
ʮӺҴԶ밶ߣ룬Ȼͣ
ҽգǻ֯Ա˴δ֯ǰලط뾰ڵı䡣
һοˣͳ֮гŲΥĸо˫Լ˴α֮ս֮ս˼壬˫Ͻκ˳ָԤͬʱκһڱбɱһóеκΣɱһκʽбܻ֯ϳͣ
˫Ƿ飿飬һ˿ѡ˳Ļü
˵շֱط뾰һۡ
û飡
ط˼װϣ뾰ʮףȿڻش
Ҳû顣
ԣӦȻطһЦӦøлմʦ˼ͣһᡣ
ط粻Ӧֻǿգȴʼ
Ȼ˫û飬ô俪ʼ
ü˾ڼӣȻ˳װ壬ͺһ
飬˽ˣ
ۿ뿪ڲδ֣һſؿط磬Ǹоطǰϵ⣬׸
ķϻ̫ˡ
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674 ȫԸ
ͬʢжϵһطȷʵûжȫʵ
һʱ䣬ںϸѧ֮Լ书Ѵ˼̡̡֮ĵڶʽ봴书Զ
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ղţ͹ʮУδ˾ڣҲﵽԼĿġܵȭĶ֮

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飬ҵҪ㻹ܵסҼȭ
ĻЦһһٴγطɱȥ

գ֮䣬ڱطǰȭٴκ
ٴζռɱСɱ磬ֲ
һΡ
طûѡӲӲǲȾڽˣܿڵķâ
٣ܵ𣿡
һȭգЦһӰ棬ٶȷӵ£ֱ׷ط磬ƱҪطɱ
ףף
˵ע£ںܿطľ롣
һף

ۿѵ˹ΧٴЦһ߶ھ׼ٴζɱ
Ȼ
һΡ
ط죡

Ϧ£طȻһ٣ƵһתתԾڣͬʱ˵һȣʡ
ȳȭӣ
Ϧ£طұӵת˳ƻӳһ˴ǹٴڡ
Դ书ǹڶʽ

ǿƣ


677 򱬾
ڹȥαչصʱطһֱдԼ书վԹŴǹΪģںϻѧִ֮սʵдʺִսɱ书
书ȡΪǹдɱС̡Ϊһʽ˿ʹõġΪڶʽ
طԹŴǹ֮кպġǹΪںȭ裬˸Ľȥǹ˫ȴ첲ǹȭͷǹͷ
׿Щ֮⣬ؼҪԼվԵ˫ľͳʱȷա
һУǰʱطˣȻȱʲô
⼸죬ط粻ͣͿ˼ڤ룬ȱʲôͨ壬Ŷڴһ⧲ĻϣöԷʧءʶ㱣κζ͵ֵ
ȭɱɱ֮ͬ
ղţط类ɱˣƱŤת˶ΪڵϦ
Ȼ󣬾ڳʤ׷Ƶطˣȫޣðڵ˸ӼᶨΪУҿαװϢȵ״̬Ȼþ̾룬׼ٴγ֡
ʱ
طΪǿ
˵ơʨӺ书һͬը죬þһ٣ʶ˲Ļ㱡
ͬʱط˫ϥʶ̬˫ͬһ㶤ڵϣȭһ˴ǹȻڡ
һȭطڵѪڣ˲£ھױߣȭںͬγ˿µȭ⣬ȭ⳹־ڡ
飡
꣡
һ̡
ͬʱ
طһȭоڵؿڣµھŷ޹Ƶعƾڵھ뾰ڵڣþڵ߹˲ѣ
ۡ
类еİһ㣬ɶؿݣѪģѪ磬Ѫ䡣

ͻһĻ˰Ʒ塢ڵˣ
Ϧ£ǵɴ۾ؿŵɶѪľڣƺһʱģ
޷ţոŤתƣռϷ磬ѹľڣۿҪɱطˣת֮㱻طһȭɣֱش
һ̣ɲ˻þ
þô
顪
һ죬ڵӺݺݵ˵ϣͬϺһһؿѪģҲϵѪҲǲͣؿѪ
Ϊ˿̵߹֮⣬ѣǱѣҪ˵طսʱƣСסˡ
⡭
ҡûɣת֮䣬ھȻطһȭˣ
ֹǺô򵥣㿴ӣ˺أ
û뵽˼ս֮󣬾Ȼоͷֳʤ˲˼飡

žأȺлعеһҴϣЩԸɵ콾֮ͬǰһ̾ѡ
ⳡսһۣ벻
ǰΪѾóǿʵʱǶ˵ƣҸԵĵƶǿס
ûǵʵ·ֹһ㣬һսƽʮһ۷Ծ
ͬʱڶҴϣЩѧʦҲǸ̾ѡ
ǿط뾰ڸղĶԾڹɽһ˲ϵ֮תǸе̼
û뵽̶ղطʵȻ˴ߡ
ͨѧʦ޵̲ס̾
õʲô򣬸оЩϤֺİ䵱ʦһ˼
ʲô书Կ϶һ㣬ʵսԼǿɱףڤʦҲԼĿ
ʢûпǶйٷݣʱۣǹעžƷ塢ˡ
ǵľƷ塢˻ָԤ
һĻҪڵһʱֹ
Ȼ
Ǿڵĸ׾ʵ޵ѧľƷ壬ɵˡ
Ϧ£ǵɴ۾ؿشľڣֵʯϳŲţ
ô
ǵģ
޷ţٶɱɱط֮ٴζɱҪʱ򣬻ͻȻطת
෴ǿӦô޹شط磬һȭطɱŶԣ
ô
ˬ
ϴ䣡
ӦƷ塢˵͡Ҷ˵ļ
ԭΪطˣ֮ǰǷкǵطܣ˿̿طһȭɾڣþһһϢĶȮһڵϣܲ
Ĳǣѩ㡢Ȼ¾棬Ķˣ
һ̣ǲԼͬ˿ҵҲ
طʤˣ
ϸ۽塢ϼֵ¸ΪȺǣǸ״󣬾̾طʵֲ֮ͬʱҲ׷жϡ
ʲʲô
ͬʱ֮ǰط綪еľ۾ǡÿһĻǴһ㣬һʹ۾ͼԼøһЩ
ˡ
ؿڻѪɪɪ·ʱɥ
⡭ôܣ
֣þʴľ
ʶˣοԼ
װϣֹͣ˿Ѫѵ̧ͷŲԶط磬Ų԰׵ȫŵıռݣǸо·ʣôģ
ž
ž
ž
ӦڵǳƵĽŲ
ط˾ڣÿһľ뼸һ£·óһ㡣
һ
Ŀ֮£طһ˾ڵǰ
ȡ㡭õʲô书
ٴοȳһѪѿʵüĿ֮ŲģǸо·ǲ֪𰸣ǵܵظҲ᲻ġ
ɱ书
طӦȻ̧ţ׼һս;ȥ

һĻɫ䣬üĿָſ־壬Ŀ־壡
һ̡
ȻڳصʱǺεȵԴȫط統һˣ
Ҳˣطٳûг֮ǺεȵͺʹΪ˱طϧͯǿȥΪŮ
ڱ俪ʼ֮ǰµĺݻط綪ι㣡
һ̣һξ֮ǿҵ̲ס˻һʶǣƣͣѪ
ס֣
һ̣ط֣ͻȻһȻʶҪԾϼװطɱڡ
Ȼ
θն㱻סȥ·Ǳ俪ʼ֮ǰ˵һ֮սκ˲ò֡Ԥ䡪ʲô
صСӣҼڶһ
յɫһ䣬üͷȫšһ𣬵˼ûг֣ûлӦգضط磬֮гв㽫ΪҵУ
Һ˲𣿡
طӦֱ̧ҽš
ң
ɫһ䣬ٴδʡ
飡
Ӧһ졣
Ŀ֮£طһŶ˾ڵԴ


678 ͬʱı
Ծľвطȫ壬һŶ龰ڵԴþڲ
طǿƣٴڳÿһˣ
ǿǾҰ
ǧ꣬е̵ѧ֮һÿγѧ磡
һ£طһŲڣɱҴô򵥣һż̤˾ҵҫ뾰Ҳݣ
Ȼ뵽طĹ¼Ȼˡ
Ͼһһսձүǣ
ͬʱƷ塢ʹѡ
ڲǵĺǾһѾ޴Ĵˣ˼Ĵۣžҵδطǿƻɱڣǵͷ⣡
С㣡
ʹ֮࣬ŭ˲ûǣһһҪڻɱط磬йͷ֮ޡ
ҪȻΥ֮սԭ򣬻˵ȫ֯ôٴ˾ǰطİȫͬʱ棬
ң䲻ôǾãǾڻĿΪΪ
ط䶢žڳңҲڼӵѾңȻǿ󣬵ҲҪػѧĹ򣬽ܻ֯쵼Ʊػҷ
£˵֮սǾô˲Ҫߵ
ǾҽҶһָͷұ֤ڻ֮أҶҲˣ֮гŭв
ձطȻؼҳˣ丸׺ĸ׶ٽǰ߸ǻĺٽ֮һ
ط䱻ɱ޻˵ǱⱨɱôԻᱩߣþҳٲ˶ߣ
οط統ȺС飬ÿ˱ŲСӵ
Ҷϴǣ
ͺҶһڣЩԺӵҲ׷״

͵˼Ĵ𣬾ƷͻȻڣʾ⾰뿪
Ϧ£ıָƽȥûһطĵĿͻɢıɱ⣬Ƕôķŭ
޲ھһط磡
Ȼ
Ǹ˿̾ԲΪѧĹУƱػ⵽֯ϳ͡
ο׿֯˵ط米żǿĶŶŪҪڹķΧɱ
ƷĻӷŭߵ״̬˹ݺݵصطһۣ·Ҫطģο
һУתƷ壬Ȼ뾰Ʒ򴬲ա
ΪǶԣǾҳһ죬һӾͶһӵļ尾
Ʒ塢뿪ѸٸȥǸо·»Ḱڵĺ󳾣С
ʦлл
Ʒ߽գطæȭձʾлղռʱ׶༪١
ְڣظл
հڰ֣˴ΰϼҪΪȷһ֮սƽУֹº󱨸
أ
£ָʾ
һսѾĻʱ򷵳ˡ
˵еľҴ˶طɱˣչط罫Ϊѧһʵĵһˣ
ǰĲ̫ˣֵʸûУȫһΡ
һʱһֱ

ҴͬʱźʻȥһҴϣЩԸɵĵٴڸ̾طǿͬʱҲһСܸС
˵Ѿױط˾룬ⱲעΪطҶԶ޷ﵽطĸ߶ȣܷﵽطʵ˵
ͬʱҴϣڵĽǣһûпֻۣһηؿط硣
һսطʤˣչֳ˿ԵָɱǵʵǼ𺳣оοһͷԲطΪУ
˵ˣ޵УַɱǸƨڣ
Աߣ˷ܵشţǸоֻɱڣﻪѧ绹Ҫ
ʲôʱ˵ֻ
ͣô
Ҷ˷׷ױӡ
Ϊδط֮ǰһĵط粻Уط类ڻ֮ǵֱɤϡ
Ȥ͵ˣѩ㡢Ȼ¾ǲԼͬ˿¶ɵЦݡ
ͬʱĳɽϣһɫȹ£ֳԶŵڶҴϵΣüͷ
޷ط뾰ڵı̣յĽ
ԣӣ
µע£ط¼װ壬ʢȥ
ʢڤʦȼѧʦ֮⣬ЩѧʦطĿž⡣
طʵǿƣӮǵϿɺ;⡣
Ȼط٣ȫ˺ѧƽƽĵλ
Ψһ⡣
üųʦ̫
Ϧ£üͷɫѿ˼㣬ǸоȳԷʱһֻӻҪƣ
ΪֺþңͬȥڵŮһɳǰȥ棬ط뾰ڱ֮ǰطºݻ
һУüɳ׵ط磡
ط粻Ӯˣطչֳʵüɣ֮⣬طĶ֣
ΪҪǣط񻹺ᣬѧʵкܴĿռ䣡
ʱգط糹׳ɳԻΪͶüɵجΣ
һ̡
ûڵųʦ̫ͷ
Բѡط磡


679 ҹ
ڳʦ̫Ϊ׵طûڵͬʱط粢δȥһֱۣӽ˿ֱߵʢڤʦ޵ʦ䶷ǰ
طСѣղʵ˲٣ϲ
ۿط䶷طʾףأͬʱҲ̾طʵ̫ˡ
Ϊط統ڳ¼կͻƻ֮䶷㲻Ƕˣطʵ䶷һжӲ
Ǵʦˡ
طЦŹֻӦȻֶʢڤʦ˵лλʦǰս⣬׼磬λʦ
Ǿ͹ˡ
ʢ΢ЦŻӦԭʹط絥ȫѧ飬ط˳Էлط絥ͨ
ΪЭĻ᳤ʢڻѧλߣ൱̩ɽʽһڴӦЩѧʦ׷׻ӦӦǰ
Ψгʦ̫ûп
Ȼȥμ磬˻ط绯ɸΪ񲯣ֿ΢΢Һпܻ͵ʴףӶΪѧЦ
ҲΪҵЦط칦磬Ҽõѧھҵ˿Σ
Ƭ֮Ҵ̿Ʒ塢;˶ڴûгطʢյ´
ͬʱһҴЩԸɵĵӺ͵ҴЩС̽ٳ˼طѣҲ½˴
УЩԸɵĵӾһؿط磬ֹܶطкֵԼݲ
λĳң
һĿ⣬طûаڼӣǹЩɵĵӷ롣
طĻطľٶЩѧʦͷط硣
Ȼط֮ǰѾǣδἰǵĵӣһǴӶܲס
طǵĵӣǶǵĵӱʾأǶǵɱֳ㹻ء
лл
ط룬ЩԸɵĵһ׷ױȭл

ͬʱֵ¸աȽҲ˹׷طʺá
лλæ֮гǰս磬λط΢Ц˵
Ȼ֪Щ֮У˼ֵ¸Ĺ֮⣬˸ǹһսĽӶһսĽƶδķˣǴװͿ˱ʾ˸л
õģ
ֵ¸ա˷׷׵һʱӦͬʱ󣬻ĵĸ֡򶼽طĻ̸׶
ϴ䣡
ۿط·к͵˲ӭطΧм䡣
С磬û°ɣ
˹һǵؿط硣
û£һСˣ岻صġطҡҡͷ
Ǿͺá
طĻ˿̾˵ռҶи̣Ҷû轻
岻ö룬³֮ǰɽ¼֮⣬ԭ򡣡
طЦЦ֪Ϊɽ¼Σ˴βһǰս̶ܴҲΪһ㣬οûԭҲ⡣Ҫʱռ޷˵վͦңռҪվʱҲ岻ݴǡԸΪռһս
ԣͷһгŸж
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨
仰˵ףѣܹ޼塣
ⱲӣûΪƴ
仰Ϻܻ𣬵Ҳ޼
طԣԸΪ˱Ϊ˱ߵѣԴȥƴ
磬лл㡣
ĸж֪˵ʲôʱ߹л
˵֮䲻Ҫлл
طЦǸо·ղŲǽһɱһ΢С¡
Ȼط˵Ļ˿ٴطĻطǺЦݣͻȻЩ㱣еһ˿յҲǳ˲ɶ
һ̣ƺ鵽طֹһδȻָо
ط磬Ժ䣬ЧУû׼ĴǾಡͻֱOVERˡ
Ȼ̲סˣ֮ǰط类ڻˣһǧɵʱĶһֹͣ˺ǽһš
Ȼ˵ûǶܵ㡣Ҳˣһ顣
գطڳ¼կӭսձߣլδǰȥսһź
һΣˣĿط֮ս̾ͷ·ɽƵģ̫໰Ҫ˵ǧһ仰
ȻѩߣҲͲסĵĳ嶯ܲôˣ
һжȥˡ
ط˵ţȻĿͶѩ㡣
ѩû˵ֻһ΢Цؿ
Ϧ£ЦݺȴطмΪ
Ƿݲȸղŵ֮սоڶռɱɱ֮󣬻ҪŨң
ͬʱ
Ⱥ⡣
ǸصŮؿһУüĿ֮Ľ
֮ǰѩȴû뺯޷Ǵֱ֮󣬲Ž˴
ղţȺں棬һ´ע⡣
˿̣վȺ⣬ؿǰ֣·ɳĮ֮еһƣΧһи롣
ط磬Ըһֱ㡣
͸Ⱥķ϶ؿһطŲ֪ʱӡеӣ˵ţȻת뿪
ɽһŵ̤İδܼΡ
ҫۣ޹ء


680 Ը
Ϧ֪ʱûֻŰʣԶԶȥɽˮһߣļ¡
Żƻ٣οʼ٣ٵķȲ࣬Ȼ洦ɼο͵Ӱ
Ϧ£ҴȻͣںߣһȺվֱʲô
ֳȻžߣЭͺĹԱظλվڴֹοͿ
Ȼԭֳֵ˲ԼͬؽĿͶ˵ڶҴ󴬡
˵ע£Ʒž´оȥľںͱȵľʡ
ʬ壬ȻڼװϣǸо·ԾҶԣǰһֻһþʬĴûС
ϦؿƷ塢ɫüͷ壬˫Ѫ߰ߣʹ
ط˫ϥ֮ǰƷ;봬յʱظ˽ȥ˿ڶĦ۵ʡ
һעӵĿ⣬ǾƷ壬Ǿһֱǹνֵĸо޲˲뿪˵ء
ʵϣΪ˱ⱻ˿Цǹڴȴȥ˳ٳûߡ
֮£ֻ߳գӲͷƤ뿪ĻǻӵĶˡ˻Ϊǲ¶ˣ
֪ΪڳΪƷ塢˶֪µ̺ݻֻͽ裬ΪˣǶûٶط˵ʲôûȥطһֱۣ뿪˴˵أߵǽһæ
Ȼ
ܾƷ塢˶û˵ʲôڳ˶ΪҾԲưոݣǻط粻ݣ
طԴҲƽˮ
ͬʱȺһ̳óֻ༭һϢ˷ͼ
ʮӺ
ྩ
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Ȼط뾰ڵ֮սûֱֳҲûպ¼Ƶڱĵһʱ֪˽ڻؼҵ;յϢûеط֡
ʧҲջڲֱӽ绰˾Ʒ壬ǵʧ˾ˣ϶ڻͷϣַֻʱϵҡ
㲻˵˿϶ԻɱطǸ쵰ô
УЬûãĸױͬȵβ͵èһಡһ´ɳɤӺΪʲôҸղŽӵϢǸҴ˲ûɱط磬ǱǸطڱдˣ

ûлشֽİ£ȻЬĬ鷿
˵
ĸײĵ׷ں档
˵ʲô
ͣ½Ųüȫ޳ͷԵӣΪ뿴һ
㡭Ӧʾ˰ɣ
𣿡
ͳ˵ֻʱûаӳɹ𣬶˵ˣʲôѵΪʲôҴ˻ᱻطôǣԸ⿴ԼҴ˱
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˵ģյĽҲҪĽɫѿ
ǾʲôˣǸ쵰ңػţĸ׼ˣǸоҪ̿ط类ɱŸġ
̸һƻʱٽ첻뾰̸ʲô˵ţӣת鷿
Ҫȥ鷿һ˴ţ
꣬ΪĻҿĵظ߶ӣطαһûҸ㣬пܻΪѹһݣòϣ𣡡ĸŭ
֪Ѿ޷ı䣬Ŀǰ
ͣ½ŲδתĮ⣬ۣܲǼǰ̳Ҳûж塣
㡭
ұ죬ˣһ˾һ
һΣĸװѺĻ˵ͻȻתŭ
ĸױŵûһߵĻʻ˶ӡ
Ϊӣһ㲻𣬵һĻòҪϽͣ³һܲҡ
꣬һαط֮ؼʧܣĸ׾׷겻ģֱӱ꼸˼š
˿̣ƺֻصһ̵״̬
һУΪͬһˡط磡
ĸ׶طĺﵽһԸӵĵز޲óط⣬طѪķӦ
ͬʱྩĳ
ù֮ѵõ˶ʮӷŷʱ䣬зȺվһ죬зڼԺɢ浥ܡ˫ܡ
Ǳһܽ̽еԺӵһ̸
٣ոյõϢط뾰ڵ֮սˡܽ̿żɽֱ⡣
Ǹòô
ЦŴϹ̵ܽĻ

Ǵ˼Ѫһ˷ܵģ̳ܽһ£ʵʵ˵٣յϢǸڣطһŲˡ
ৣ
ɫʱ䣬һŵẒ́ܽ㡭˵ʲô
طڱɱ˾ڡܽٴ˵
ܣľԲܣרŸңǸα
ٴ̵ܽĻް˷ܣеǼ˵ֱʧˣϢ϶׼ȷ

ܽԶԣʶȤѡ˳Ĭ
Ϊó˿̵̫ˡ
ʱƤĥƣҲδػʵ
㡭ȥҪ׼ȷĽ׼ȷĽô
ۿ̲ܽ˵Ƿһ㣬һץס̵ܽ·ӣһ㣬˫۷죬Ťغ
û裬ֻǲԸѡ


681 ڽȴʤڽ
λںһҼסޡ֡ΪһǼƵꡣ
Ȼ޷ᲢۣڰϣӾƵĸʩǶģںƵҵһģҪ鶼ѡڴ˾ٰ죬ǳá
ǺµĲҵҲط˵ĵص㡣
ΪĿʵ̫࣬ΪˣطΪɣûкȾƣڻλˡ翪ʼСʱͬ£ᾴơ
һƵİʢڵİᡣ
ʢ֮⣬աڤʦȻ֪ѧʦ
С磬ԭҽҪղűȺСӾƣȵ̫ˣġƽʢͨضط˵
ԭʢѧʵھƳƾĻǧҲѧ˾۲һĵĹءھƳƾ
һ˱˾֮⣬ոѧʿǰƣϰٱȻ˼⡣
ʢĻһ˲µʢҪط̸顪ȫйأ
õģ᳤
طҲµһ㣬ͷȻʢ£Ȼֶ˵λʦھƵΪλ˷䣬ԺоƵ깤Ա͵Ȼ֮ǰľƵĻԱ˵һר͹ȥ
طСѿܵǴҾһףմʤ飡
طĻ޵ЦžƱ˾طһ
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ڶȻǸɵѧʦţֻڤʦǶط羴Ʊʾ˸лͬʱҲؾطһ
󣬵طɵڵİᾴʱ˶Щܳû뵽طǾƣ

طֵ¸աڰʱ˶һʱվطʺá
УһӣʾطԱǸŵλϡ
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ǸλԴ翪ʼţλרطġ

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Ʊ΢Ц˵һ䣬˷׷׵ͷͣӣһ
ҲһףսʤҴˡֵ¸նƱ顣
ΪھҲİ֪ҵǿط뾰ڵĶԾʱطһѺط⡣
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ڴĿ⣬ط翪ˣǣҪһ㣬ҵѣ

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λˣҾͲˣҳԱȺá
󣬲˴ӾлعطٴοڣȻֱ뿪

طһ塢ֵ¸յæվһ˸ҳͼ׷ط磬ֻĿطȥ
ط뿪˰˶ڻζطǷеԢ⡣
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ͬʱط뿪󣬵һʱ俪ڵл֮гŸм
Ϊطղһ仰Ա֤ط֮꣬ĵ˸Ҷͺţ
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棬ѡ
طЦЦղǾ仰ͺŶǱԣֻǷԷθһ仰
ܹΪѣҽˡ
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682 
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ˣǴҾٱһ𾴷һףӲǸƨľҴˣ
ۿط͹ֽһȻƱ顣

һ飬˷׷׶žƱվµϴһ
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Сǵ飬ط羶ֱ׼Ʊ
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طǽŲһ٣ѩЦЦؿ񴫵һϢҺȾԿ
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ѧ硢̽͹ٳ뿪֮ѩŤͷЦؿط磬вתǽһ
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µĺȣѩֻһɫ³ȹһѣֻʣºڿ㡣

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ѩһȻؿطһۣתԡҡ
ֻǣתһ˲䣬Ź¶һƽߡ
СֻطһˣҲδطǰ˴󵨡ŵľٶ
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طεĸˣʶҪֱסѩ㣬ѩɶԴǵظҪ࣬ʵʵ˯ɳ

طһԣȻæܽԡңˮԡԼ¡
ʮӺطͬԡ߳ԡңȻԹԵȥ˯ɳ
һĻѩЩ̣뵽յΣֺһֱתκͺ׽ط磬ȫǡ
˷ʥ͡
ΪŮˣڸ鷽Ůһ˽ֻϰٷ֮ʮϵŮʶ塣
һֱǰطӡ
죬ڼŮǰȨ֮󣬻ҪطһССĳͷӶط˶Ҫѵ֪һ㡣



683 ޵
峿ɫδʱط˯˫ۣһƬڣʮְܹѩϸ΢ĺ
ǵġ
ѩߣ˫ֱ˯úܰȡ
ѩȻԴǵ˯ɳջˣϴ˯ֻǲ׼ͷֶܶţ˽ޣһ˰Ŵӷ
ط֪жѩھΣʶʵֱ֣ѩ˯ţûȥѩ㡣
Ȼ
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ϴϺط߳ԡңȻѩѾˡ
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ҵ
طЦһȻ˵ʢҽ𴲺ȥ׼ܲǰݣõˡ˯ᣬǱ鴦ˣ㡣
ţԶٷȻѩͷ
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ǱиĿԭҪǢ̸ǩͬ죬ˡΪǸĿߺܶ࣬ƵĻˡѩ͵
ѩĻطгŸж鲻ԽߵߣٴѩĶͷһ¡
һǣᣬȴ顣
͵طҪʱͻȻѩ˫ֹס˲ӣȻ촽
һǣҡ
֮⣬ѩһƬΣĿ⿴ط磺ǲǺ룿

ûлӦԭҲЩ鶯ط磬仰ͻȻ뵽ºɵؿѩ㡣
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£ѩٴתط磬ط磬ʵԼɬ뵽ԼղžȻЩ鶯޲ҸطȥԶźã
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طĻѩ̲סЦˣǷݽҲ֮ȥ

ߵӵʱطܲݣʢȺʱ
ӣһҲҪʢӭЦ˵
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αװҪ֪ʱڣ˶Ϊ㱻Ǿڻˣƶ㼫Ϊȴû뵽ǹֳ˵ӣȻͻɱ֣ǸһֲһнشñʢЦŸ̾
ս˲Ϣ䣬ȻҪԼѡ񡣡طһ̹Ȼ˵
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ʢһطɢһߵͷҲӲ˵ۻѧһҲʵ۲ɱ飬ǵ֮ĵһˡԣЩ߸Ļ䣬紵򣡡
ˡطǫ顣
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εȫѧ˽ж٣ʢûмط翼ǵĽʵ
֪ȫѧЩվѧ֮۵ǿ߼ʦ֮Ȼʧɫ񾰼ѧҡɺǿ˻ѧһ֮ʮ㣬˵ʮʢط˵ԼõһЩϢ
˽ͦ
ʢԣҲûо⣬ϾطǴųģϢЭ᳤Ȳ̽ЩϢѡ
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⣬Щ˵ĵӶܷȫѧϣǾͺ˵ˡ
ʢ̾˿ҶǿΧ²УΪˣҶĿҲǻѧʧΪʲôطЩ⡣
֮ǰ˵Щԭѧҡɺ͸ɳ˲μӴ˴ѧĿǰȫѧĹ涨ֻܳһˡһǸ󣬴ʦЩ˵ĵܷõǸ˵
ʢͣȻֲԿ϶ǣʦЩеһЩӿ϶ϳ֡˵һĺڰ¹˹ĵӿ϶ܹ
ȻˣҾͲ
طͫ΢΢к˸
á
ʢ˿ЦŵͷȻ󻰷һתڷӡɽɵǿˡҴ˺͵˳Ļ㻹ҪǾΨһĲ
òһʲôʸ̸ʦֻϢͱ𣿡
طԣɫƽ֮гš
ʢһ㱡
һ̣·طϿҶӰӡ
޵С


684 мһ
ʳĻҪɲ֣˵ҪɣζΪͷ嵭Ǻ˵һص㡣
ʱط簴ѩ㷢ĶλһΪҲ˵Сݡ
λںϳһСֵ·ڣһƾɵС¥ҲƾɣݶС
ʵϣѾʮˣϺ˳ΪóԵĺ˹ݣÿʱѣҪ˵㣬ȥĳһЩпܳԲ
ôŶӣҷݵĲӦúܲôҵҷݵģطѩһŲǰſڵȺȺ̲סʵ
󷹵ԻСζҷݵĺ˾˵ǺóԵģôһֱûſֵ꣬ϷӶûл
ѩǽһҲ˹ݣȻŻشط⣬ʮǰҼԹһΣ̡֮ÿһٷ
ԭˡ
طԣ̲סЦЦû뵽ȻԻ
ʲôгԻжѩطһۡ

طԶԣȻͻȻӲ˷ݣͷ֮˿ȥЩ졣
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˧骵ǰձִΪԼ˽ⲻطĵ绰骱ٳ֣ɥձɴ
Ǽľһŭֱӽ˧˼߲ţս˧ľֵ;
˧ܴ˺ܳʱȻйϵྩǣ̾ӵӳȻƣ޷֮ǰʱȡ
һУ˧Ĵ漵ޣ
Ϊط;
ΪˣǰſսʱΪеһӣ˫սڼط棬ӲؽطѺ˶ʮСʱвѶûѶκõϢط硣
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Ҳû뵽ط粻мƽϣ۵Ϊطûϳ
һ£ʮӣҲҼԷˣһطϳĻҪԲ˶ߣ
̾ԣЩΣԼͬؿطһۡ
һ̣ͬ˧֮ǰһòᣬ׷Ǵ̵ʿƵģһ뿪˷ݡ
ղǼ쿴㣬ǹ㣿
ѩ㽫һо۵ף˧뿪̲סطʵ
š
طԣֻǵͷû͡
Ϊ˧骶ǽΪ鷳㲻ֻǵҴС󷢣ǶԾԲʲô¡
ۿط粻Ը˵ѩҲûٸʵףǻһתʵʢϺȥӦμȫѧɣ
š
طٴεͷѩܹµһ㣬е⡣
μ𣿡
ѩٴʵһ¶˼ֵǡ
ػСΪӱ뿪ӪĵһĿꡣ
طʣն֮⣬һһĿꡪΧʦ˰㣬Ϊʦ𣡡
ΧʦˣѧĶǿߣڵʵԿ⣬Ҫ˵𡣼ȻѡĻǴβ֮ǵĵӡ
ò˵ѩһˣͨطĻֱӷжϳطԵɡ
ţĺôطЦ
˵ȫѧһ֮⼸ʮҵһΣǿƣΣء
طʽĻѩ㲢ûЦؿط磬˵Լ
ط磬˵Щ㣬෴ʲôҶ㣬ϣܱԼ
ΪڵȢһؼң


685 ̨ȯ
󣬴˴ǰսĻѧʿĵĽС̽͹ٳҲȺ뿪˺
֮˱ѩ뿪ø磬һˣҹ뿪
͡ҶΪ׵ȺȨӵҲ뿪ˡ
Ѳᣬ޷ʱһˣǶиԵĹҵ۵ĴԽԽ٣ۻʱҲԽԽ̡
ǳɳĴۡ
Ȼ¾Ҳ˶ѧѾĩҪһľѧҵϣӶӭѧĩĿԡ
Ψ
طѩ뿪֮骺ʧ䣬ͬʱҲûûȤƢҲûдط磬ֱŸط緢һϢط磬ûߣطæȥ
ط罫ѩ͵ͽ֮ͨ󣬱˳ǰ齵ľƵꡪƵꡣ
ͬϣһƵҲһǼƵ꣬Ƶҵպ
ѩ㲻ͬ骲ûп׷ֻǿһ󴲷
طƵ귿ſڵʱ骴ԡۣɳеĳԼϷѾ˾ȦۿҪѳԼˡ
Ȼ
ֱ֮ӹصϷЬûü㼱Ҵҵس嵽˷ſڣͨèۿطֱ֮Ӵ˷š
ط룬һУӿķ羰ӳ˲ȼڵĻ𣬵ûֱӽƵǾֱɳ
ˣ
Ź̲֮סʵ
š
طͷɳϡ
ǰ۸ˣưͳԻпԣ˵ɣôң骹ߺߵ˵
һྩطЦ
磬ӦʢҪμȫѧ֮ʢطҪɽɴˡҴˡڴ˺͵˵ľǰǰྩ׼
ΪȫѧʮˣҪμӾĻ⼸ǰྩ
ģ
ȻطĻһϲ⣬Ҳû뵽طྩ
š
طͷûиԼȥྩʵĿġ
ͨ뾰ڵս֮ı䡪ȲѣߵˣԼҪȥһЩ顣
һĻԱΪģҲԱΪ˷ʱ;
⻹ࡣ
õطȷϣеίһɨգǵõСŮһ˷ܵ㵸ֱطϣĶԵ˵⻹ҳԼԸ
ԼԸطЩ±ơ
骲ٽͣʵжӦֱط硣
Դط骹ͬ̽İ֮ᵽеĿ֣ÿ棬骲㣬ʱ򶼻žžž
ΪʼѣǷȽǿط־ӣÿμ涼һСʤ»ĸоʶÿμ涼ֹžһء
Ȼ
ˣҲû
ͬ˵ž˸˴絽賿һֱھƵ귿ţžһһΣֱ賿ʱ骽ƣ˲˯
Ϊž̫ĹȣֱڶʮӲŻֻýʮķɻǩ硣
ӵʱط骵ִྩûȥ骵סǸĸ˸绰Ȼ˳ؼҡ
Ϊ骵ĸྩˣҾ骵ס

طصеʱĸѾһӲˣ븸
СӣԺû²Ҫ˴ܣҪ˽ʲô֮սôȥҳ类ҿɻأ
طǰŸսţű˹קطĸ첲˵
֪ˣ裬ԺԲԼСЦ
طæ΢Цͷ֪ĸȻ֪Լ뾰ڽ֮ս飬ûĵĸײ
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һ죬طһгӵ󣬿ֲھǿͬʱ˹
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700 ׷ʹ
Ϊͣɱʱʧȥһֳ裬ҲǼΣյ顪ûеĵͣв󽵵ͣ
طӵ֮սһʼӱ㱻طһߵеԯ
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701 ʱ
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ӸղŷѾţ֮žյضһ񣬻ڼȽ֮У˿طͻȻĹȫ޷ֻƾսܣ˫ۣǰ
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꣡
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ӥҲǿЦ̾˿ǴСѧУõԴϰõھķ书ʽɺͼ峤ָ㣬ڵʵ˵ǵʵŵŴѧ磬ҲŶ֣ûоϵͳ䣬ʵȴԶ֮ϣѾˣ
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703 ޳
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˴лعطз㿪͵Ϯͬʱһն˳ӵȣѪȫ
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Ѫģڵϣ˫ͨ죬طĿĺɱ֮⣬һ˿ûڣڰһʼ̫⣬ûнϷϣ͵ϮɹߵƾôҵĶ֣
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һֻӳԯȵУĿȴʼطϣǸо޲̽طʬΡ
֪޲ɱҡ
طۣһ޾ӭһҪɱ˵Ŀ⣬һһİɣҸᡪڳ֤֮һǰȡ㹷


704 ţ

˽𾪵ĴѾˣط仰ʢҶˣһˡ
ζû뵽طⳡս֮󣬾Ȼһս
ϾһһĴˣ±طϵһֱۣһսҲǱʵȫڲԲʦͼ޳ˣǻȫ򻯾ʦ֮еĶڡ
仰˵һʵɱط磬ͬͻɽһף˫ʵȫһˮƽϡ
˶𾪣οһˣ
˵ʲô
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֮ԵңȡС˵ľͷطٴοڡ

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ȻѡεĽʣʽ˵һ顣
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ӥͼԶĽؿط磬ĽĽķڷ
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705 ԽSSS
ط˺֤ܶʵĲ²⣬޳Ϊѧһһ˺ͻôĲμȫѧʸϲãͷأĳ˽ȸС
С磬øԼ̫ѹסһ仰ıˣ죬ʲôֻҪȫȥƴҪԼºڼɡ
ط罫Ҷ͵ס׼뿪ʱҶͻȻѵ
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طͷ֪Ҷѹ̫̫ɣʵ䷴
ΪҶ˵һгĻĸֺпܻᷢ仯
ط뿪֮Ҷ룬ֻͨĵ绰
ȻطûиԼĸĸҪμѡε飬صضҶһ˽Ҫʱ֪
Σ
绰ͨȲʵ
ѹȺۣ¶һԡҶش

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ţıҲҵԤҶڸ͡
Ҷ˵Ҽү֪һУʲôζ
̲ס̾˿뵽طؽѺͱؼҳ顣
һĲһֱУÿÿ𶼺ơ
⣬Ҷѡ˳Ĭ
һ棬ؽ׳ǾеĴУ飬һ棬ؼҵļ£һʵڲ˲͡
һʱѪ죬͵ûɣȥȾơ
ҲʶӦöҶЩԳһЦȻҶ˵绰
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Ҷͨڸղŵ̲ס
ᡣ
һ̣бһ϶Ĵ𰸡
ţһĵؽؼ˶ڵΪ
ͬʱ
ؼĺԺԺ鷿
ؽžװǰļּܵĺͷļ
׳
ʱԱſڣ鷿š
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ͷҲδ̧ûзеļ
Ա״վһԣûҴؽǴؽæ㱨
ʲô£
ӹؽеĺͷļ̧ͷԱ
׳ղŽӵ֯ǱߵϢطѹѧĴˣ˴Ĳμȫѧʸ񡣡Աһʱ㱨
ؽĹ֮һʱռйطϢ
֪ˣȥɡ
ԱĻ㱨ؽͫ΢΢Ŵ󣬵ݼţƽ˵
ǣ׳
Ա˳鷿
ؽߵߣԺеɣҲ֪Щʲô

طѹѧˣնɱӣΪѧһĵһˣһôĲμȫѧʸ񣡡
磬йزμȫѧʸѡε㴫˳ȥڻѧ˾޴ĵ˹㷺顣
طֱ̫ǿˣ
ǰһ·ûаܼһһ
ԭΪܹɱҴǽңҴˣԶеĸǿ󣡡
ѧ缸ھ̾طǿ󣬶һĵӳӣΪ˳طҶ
Ϣѧ֮󣬺ִܿ˻ľ̺͵磬ͬ˾޴䶯
طȻϸ˵ĸˣΪĳһЩ飬̤ĸ򣬶еķ
һΣٴαƵ˷˿ڣ
ط絽ʲô
һЩھ̾طǿͬʱҲܺ棬طתյĿʲô
ûд𰸡
⣬ûܹ𰸡
Ϊط¼ٴκ䶯۷׷׵ͬʱط˹̾֯ľ֣ûнȥſڵȴ°ࡣ
ѾԼϳԷ׼骡
֮⣬Ϊ׵ļС顣
ӵʱ骺Ůͬһͬ߳칫¥һߣһ˵Цʲôڶûпط硣
骡
ۿҪͬµĳ뿪طֻ
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ط磿
ֱ֣Ӿԭأ
Ϊط粢ûиҪ
ԣһľϲ
ƺľϲˣ˿ʮӣŻعȻ˷ܵط磬ȫںᱻͬ¿
е骵𣿡
粻ȨӵܰҲǮûСôѣ
һĻ骵Ůͬһ±ƣֻǰһĻ߸ǵ֪
ΪǶ֪骵ļ
ǿ۹ŴִŵԶǴڵģձ
һ骵ļҵҪôͬǽ֮ҪôʡӵĹٶҪôǼʲܹﵽʮһλ֮ӡ
Ůͬ±ƵͬʱоӰ칫¥߳ǡÿ˷˽ط绳еһĻһǴһ㣬ԭأ׷״۵С۵ؿŶԷǸо·ʣ꣬ˣ
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ȫԼľٶǷᱻͬ¿飬еŮһȫҸϲУ˽طĻУһرط硣
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Ϊľһεר
β쵼׵ѣ˼εط硣
骰ҶأעӰ졣δ򿪳ЦǺǵص٩һ䡣
ߵЩ죬ͷûҿ
΢Цſط磺ˣûȤϳ䣿
á
εط⣬΢ǵ˵ͷȻε
ֻһˡû˾мݳؼңϰߡ
¼Ѿ֪ˡ
طϳ֮νͣȻżɽ˵ң֪飬ҽΣռ˳ԽSSSĴڣ
ţ
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ֳܾΪӦøе𣿡
ط΢ЦʵȴȻս˫ȭ
졣
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ҪһЩ˰ڽ£ɱ


706 
ѽļྩ³ϾŵӹȻڶʮ˶ȣûһ˿磬һȵ͸
ȵǵĴŸ洦ɼ¶ӡ
ﰥ⻨Ȼãǹضȶ೤Ƥף
ྩĳͬطһ˴һ˽˹߳ȵͨ졣
ͺһʣ˽˲پƣ˼⡣
ȶԣطȵҪٵö࣬ͷʮѡ
СѾĲʡ£˾ϵ˽ͻסǴط硢ǰBBSưɡ
骣Ȼؼңڼط硣
ΪΪ۶Եʣྩҹһֱ綫ô񣬸޷½֪ϹʡᲢۡ
Ȼ
BBSưȴǸ⡣
BBSưռһô󣬿ͬʱǧˣװ޵øûʣʩȽģDJ֪ģķԱһɫŮ˧磬BBSưǾưСã׳ơС۷䡯
BSSưС۷ȫأʲôպŷ޵Ĺ˧磬ֻҪõģӦоС
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˵ӣطЦá
˽ư֮󣬾ưһλˣϰƵ˧Ů鲼ӵÿһ䣬չʾƷһչʾԼڴܹ˿С
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ѡŮˣҲŮѡˣѡˣŮѡŮˣǻҡ
ȻҲһЩ˿ûѡƵ˧硢ŮҪôŮǰģҪôǴʸеġ
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һߵͷһ˵ã㿴˺üӣӲûѡһ
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ΪһĵӾվBBSľưſڡ
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ط磬ú䣬ѧϰɱ飬ȴֵطʦؿط硣
ʦҡ
طҪͣȴԼ¸û͡
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ȥٸԣ
طЩɻȫѧٸԾٰ죬ûɸԼȥ
ʱ򣬻֪֯ͨȫѧί˲ѡֵĻĸ֯о֮⣬ӥԶҪȥʦ͡

طԭء
һֱ̣Ǹȫѧܷû׼д·


707 ʬԻ
Ϲʮɽء
磬ɽϿȴܼܲȺܵ͡
һУͬ顣
ΪѧĹ֮һÿһγƺƴѧ磬Ӷ֪ˣҲѣһ¡
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þ˺񣬺޲ζնط磬йͷ֮ޡ
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Ϊ֯Ĵں壬þ˲
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þڵĸ׾ƣͬʱҲЩûڡ
ڳط֮սǾͲҶòμȫѧʸ
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ףôԲӦ䣿
ٴʵֻⱨһ£ҪûκȤ
˵ǸطСڶ࣬ҴǾһȻμȫѧƱػ⵽ЩıңʦҶҲڶ࣬Щ˵Ĵ˶Ҳ
Ʒɫ侲һѪ˵ԣδֱ̡ÿһ˶ӮһأأεǰҹأҲˣӰںеʵЦ󡣡
οһ򲽽ЦѵЩ޶ԣܹ֯ǣΪǵĸڻģ֯ɲô»֯ЩҲὫҶˣ
ף˵
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ľܵ⣬طβμȫѧĻᣬɱط硣
ʵϣҶ׼֮жˣղ꾰Ʒطμȫѧķַˡ
ΪΪƷķطضڹ⣡

Ϧɽͷʱ򣬺ٴ˱ϣΪɽİֲ˹ɽ
ǰ֯鱨ˣҲŮˣ˵ı˸׼ȷһЩǷԼŮ˿жûаա
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죬ϲܺڰ֣Ϊڰĺڰ֮ӣòμȫѧʸ񣡡
һͷ̷ĺټ֮󣬵һʱϹأĿŰĽԵĳݡ
ҲһŮ˷ɶ˻𣬵ԵĳݻһŮ˶ء
ڼǰڰἸڰ֮Ӻѡȫ˰ֲ˹ɽɺڰĳλ֯ලһڲѡΣѹѡˣΪ˺ڰĺڰ֮ӣλˮǴߡ
ôˣѵǱϢˣ
ԺٵףأıܵƺһжӦģûκֵףصĵط
һУֻΪѽȡ
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ûҩˮ֮Ǳܱ׼ʵ٣ӵõ˰¹˹ĴУսƿֲ
һУľ˱仯Ѳڰѡ˷
ĿѾȫѧһһˣ
ļƻڵǶ֮·Ҫɱط磬طʬĻԻͣ
ǵģ졣
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ûʧ
Ϣ鲻ŭϲǸоѾȲطһսˡ
죬֮⣬ȫѧί췢֪ͨ˲ѡֵһҡֲ
ȫѧע˵̨Ҫ˵ѡЩˣǰʸĴ󲿷˶ġ
Ȼ˵ţȻţ٣ȫѧʼǰʱ䣬ȥռطĵжϢͳһ£ĵжЩ˲μȫѧҶЩ˵ʵһ
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ٵһʱӦȻԥһʵ죬ڵʵԺɨȫѧһעԻɱǸط磬ҪЩʲô
ҵ˵С
鵭Ǹо·طѾ̣Ψһ˭ִ̣УҶһǳź顣
ˡ
ٻȻ򣬶ٴοһ⣬סˡ
ʵϣѾܾˡط絽ʲôޣ


708 ʦ
峿մӶðԴʱط纱ػڴš
μѡΣȻһĴ˳ӽ֮ս۾񣬻Ĺһ޺ϷЩ͸֧ص͵˸
ûгŶղźڴϳ˽һСʱ
ʲô㣿һԷ𣿡
Сʱϴ衢ױȻط滻һڳطʵ
Ŀ骴Ḷ́طϢĵֵҲ֪ټսˣᵼ骳ٵǿѹסа׼ضһˣȥǱߴһЩ飬Ȼٻ
á
骵ͷȻʱ޿̶طߣҲ֪ǲʵ顪طԼҪҲһ
طȥλѾܸжˡ
ྩǵøҴ绰
ߵߣطһɫĴӡŴϾñ뿪˼С
ˡ
Ӻط׼´ȥϴ裬ȴͷϵֻ
طóֻһȻȻ磬ֱӽͨ
ط磬У
绰һͨȻȿڣܷ֮гԹ
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Բѩ㡣
طٴεǸϿ࣬ͬʱҲԼΪѩ˵ģ֮սǴġ
ѩ˵սˣô죿
ѵѩں֪ȥʬô
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ѩٴοڣȻ࣬Щļ󣬡㣬ط磬ѩδҪ߹һˣҲϣ£ϣҶ֪飡
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ѩطĻӣʵϣʶڣҴûֹȥκ飬ֻðȥһЩ֮ǰСģǰ
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лл㣬ѩ㡣
طһ鲻Խ˵
˵֮䲻Ҫллġ
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709 Ӧط
賿ĵɼ𣿡
ʱΪĳλ˵һ仰ɼٴνǵҰ
ʵϣɼ֮ǰͳˡ
ɼλϲڶУҲĳУΪʹ֮ǡ
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ҵҵҵķɼΪһԽ֮Ӷµĺֵ֮⣬֯Խϰȵ
У֯ǽܲͱֲɼ
峿ʱ֣һװĺȺʻ֯ܲɽׯ
ڣľͷǷ׷׸ϵܲμƶ׺ٿĽ飬ֻһӦط
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ʱŵ׼ʱʼҵԵúأ˵ɫЩÿǺԡ
ڲǰٿһ顣
ǴλУԼᶨƵرʾطԻھҴ˾УӶȡ֯ɱطļƻ
񣬾ڳΪطǿĵʯط绹ţҳΪ˻ѧһһˣ
λǰٿһ飬оζԸط硣ʱΪ˵طȻǻľҴ˵Ķ֣ȡ˶Ըطļƻ
鿪ʼ׺ȿڣǻعһȥȻ̽תƵڣȥʱѧ緢飬˵ǸطΪضˡأġǱҪ취ˡ
Ϊĳɳٶʵ̫ˣٶȣò˶ãΪȫֵǿȺ֮һڣʵǷѵĻ룡
Ҳ˻˵᲻ֹͣǵսҿԺȷظǣ⼸ܡ
һһһĻۣ黪ķֲ֮ѵ˲ݵĵز
ڶԵΧҶ顣طСӣһɳƱػΪʦ𣡡
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ֱӽӹ⣬һʱǸԴˣҶԴϵ˵Ǹ
ţǸͲˣڹؼǵһطİ취
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׺ٴοڣûϴλһֿ϶жطǸԼתأǶ֪طǸСμȫѧĵѡΣɹͨѡΣĲμȫѧζʲôζһǻɱʱ
ڸλɱ顣һһɳҵܴ˲μӴ˴ȫѧܹڱط磬ֱӳֻɱҵжϣֵձѧڵһЩҲɳܴǰȥɱطǸСѻ±䳡
ڶܹ±䳡ȴĽǰǺͺֵձΧˣ
ԣǶ֪ܴˣʲôʵȷſԻɱط磿ɡ
ȻûпڣҲһŵؿźԡ
һǰ˵Ļ˾Ųɡ
ȣطѾɳˣΪ˻ѧһһˣ
꣬ұѧָϳģɥ֮Ȯӵĳ裡
Ϊϴˢ裬ܴˣгһգ棬ɨѧһš
ԴŨҵĺ˵µҲλ꣬ҴӦڰİ¹˹ΧҶ֯Ǳ֮⣬ҲзıꡣǷݱ꣬ЩѧʵԭҲܴ˵̡
ţǱʲô
ɲǼ䣬׺ڵˣһɵؿźԡ
ǸΪһЩԭ޷ǡ
ҡҡͷӦ¹˹Ҫͱ鱣ܡ
ȻԺΪѣǴҲҪˡ
׺ԣΪԲȻʵԣܴʲôʵ
ʮ꣬ڣ
ԻӦ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬׺ڣ˵ɫ˲䣡
ʮǰʦ
ѧĹʶ׺Ƕ仰׹
񣬺Ըǣܴˣֻжʮ꣬ȴǻڵǿߡ
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⣬һȫѧðһȺˡ
Ժ󣬲˻ع񣬺ۣ˵õĽѧľͷǿ߻ή˼䣡

ٴԵĻ׺ڣ˶סˡ
˵֮ǰĻֻǾȵĻôʱ˿̣ǳױˣ
ΪýֺͷͨԵĻеĹؼ
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710 һ
磬ɼĵλĳ˹ά˹൱ǵı֮أҪԣȫ޷ŦԼᲢۡ
һУֻΪԸʱŵΪ׵ĺֵ嶼ۼŦԼ
ֵֵݱֵֻȫĵҲȫĵ֮һ
ֵٿĺֵϯ飬ȫĿÿһλĽȫɾ޴Ӱ졣
ʱŵׯ԰ֵ֮׸ʱŵܲŦԼ⣬ռ൱ʮôи߶򳡡Գũʮı
ﱻΪʥȫԱζ̤ĵط
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ʸ̤ׯ԰֮٣ֵĺĳԱ֮⣬ΨһЩǿƶ߲ʸ
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һλ飬Ǹʱŵ⼸ߵһΣ
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һӣһͷɫһ˫ЬװĵԵ
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һ棬Ǳʱŵ˽ӣʱδ̫˵ע⣬һ棬ʱ㱻ޡʱŵߣֱų˵ǰ
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顪
͵λ˰в²ޡʱŵݵʱΪ峤ɵ¡ʱŵûȻ˽Ŀת󣬻ڵǣ֪Ǻܺ棬ΪʲôټǿᣬͬڳľҲ棬ǸС˭
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޳ӦһгģǸо·طսֻ


711 ׷׳
ԭʼɭ֡
һֻȹӵ꣬ɭʪɭ
ŻҰߣԿȹޱƤġ
ͷޱǱһģ
˿̣һѾ޴ĸӣͷɭףȥʮַ֦֮׷׶ѡ
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ΪܸܵɢĿɱ⡣
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ЩѪǵͬʵġ
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һֱͦͦӭ꣬Ǹûʲô
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С³Ѿʮˣ˳ȥˡ
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ৣ
͵۾о˸ɱӿ˲ֱӡ
ˡ
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߿żɽȻҪ󣬡ԣΣҪҪڱɱһˡ
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һնԴ
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صͷٶ˵
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ֱ֮Ӹһݻ
ط磬׼


712 ҩ
֡
ձѧ˾޴ĺ䶯
Ϊձѧϵľţ궼ܳһҲΪձѧδϣ
ʮǰʧ٣Ѷ񲻵ֱ֣ºݻҪնɱط硭
ܲձѧ䶯
Ͼطƾһ֮ձѧ綤˳ϣ
һУձѧζŪط磡
ձѧ磬ȫѧ綼˲Сķ졣
Ȼܹȫѧ䶯ΪأΪط硣
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һ£سֱ̳ǿƵĻȻ䶯
ձػȫѧط𣿡
Ʊػ֮ս˭Ц󣿡
ǸȻΪձѧѵһѧţôδ¶棬ͻȻ֪ʲôʵΪطʤ
طս͵һͿ£ؼȻҷųĺݻȻʮİգҿձأ

һʱ䣬ȫѧΪµĺݻ۷׷ףڲ²طǷȫѧͬʱҲڼһսĻ˭ǿһЩ
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طٴαƵȫѧ˿ڵʱȴԴ˺֪顣
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ŸصѧҴ˳ûˡǾڣ䡢ӥͼԣ۾綼
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ǰҩԴ˵ʣ˵Ǳܣ⽫Ϊת۵㣬޷Ԥϡ
طͷԤеһ棬ĺ
С磬Щķǿֹģ㻹ûֹʸ񡣡
Ҷĳض㣬ֻҪһ¡ʵʱʵ֮Ҫ취ȫѧĹھȻܺѣĶش󣡡
˼ǻ֯õҩоطһҶ֮
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ҶͷȻЩĵȻνĹھͽԣİȫҪסΣգɲҪ䣬סҲҪͷԷȵƴװ
ʦ˿ԣЩ˵Ĵ˲С
طҡҡͷһΣûҶĻն˵ΪҶԣĳЩضĳϣϺҫҵҪ
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طĻҶгŸжͼȰ˵طִ㡣
ʦģҵǱδĳЩˣԴ书ͷḻɱ飬ȫɱһЩΪǵţ
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ǷţԴһһ֮ĥ۵ľ飡
ǷţԴµĿꡣ
ҶЩ˵Ĵ˶ս̸Ҷ


713 ʸ֮
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ȫС˿ٵĹңֻ0.44ƽ涼ʳơй
ٸԹСȫ̵ġԽ̻Ϊ׵Ľ͢ڵأҲ֮һ˿ڵġ
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ȫѧֻʱص߿ʼȺִٸԡ
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Ժòŵ˵һطھϢȥɱ
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ط˳յĻ˵һ䣬Ȼ󻰷һתǣ䲿ʱڣҲΣա
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˵Ҳмֵһ򣬾һϿطĻȻطİȫ
ҵĳǿ϶ΧңڣǵȵǵĴһһһɱ֮󣡡
ط翪ڴյĻᶨ
ðɣԼСġ
ٴطĻط֮ǷݼղȰֻطСġ
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طлȻֱӹҶ˵绰
磬طһྩ׶أڵϰתĿͻ
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714 ν߹
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ϰӵϵһǼƵ꣨Ƶ꣩ߵĦ¥ȫĹġڻѩĵϰݹʽģDIFCݻĴʡ
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磬طĺ׼ʱִϰݹʻ
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㽣ûط緢ִǴŽŮɺͱڿ첽뿪ˡ
ͬʱطԼڴֻҵóһݿfacetime
װķ磬Ҫڵϰݵǻ˰ɣ
طͨfacetimeݿֻܿƵһɫ˯ȹڴϣһĵЦݡ
˯ȹԿɣ˳ƵĽǶȿԿĺһƬѩף۾
ţҪǻˡ
ط΢ЦŻӦĻƬѩ׾۵ף벻С
ǻɣ׼Ϣˡ
ݿŲһӣȻЩ˷ܵ˵һ뵽ܼˣҾ˷ܵ˯š

ݿŨҰʾĻطһȻˣݿ˯ɣ
װġ
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ǰĵǻڣŮͣ½Ųһοط硣
֣ܾأ
ţţŮ̲סٴΰԼ
ûд𰸡
ŮҡҡͷȻ߽˵ǻڡ
һ̡
Ҳû뵽طʱѾˣ


715 
ڶ죬ʱһྩ׶أڵϰתĿͻ׼ʱ׶ػ䣬Ȼָͣλ
װͣͣλĲԶʮվԴ
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Ϊط粻ƾһ֮ձĻԻ¼Ӱ̴棬ѱΪԽSSSΣ
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716 飬ܾˣ
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717 겻ɢ
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׶ӢеǳشΪһɭϵıݺ͹Ӣڴ˾סǰס׶һֹ
׶һļӢʷϲ˶ѺһΪʹڵڶսڼ䡣
׶׶Ǳ־Եξ㡢ĻŲҲӢҵסһֹһӢҳԱס˴˷ֿþ䣬ӢҵĻأɭϡ
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ƵعѵȺʱط֣æӭȥ
ǰݿİţصؽȥͷع΢΢Ƿоֹء
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ط֪ԷαװģνĻҲֻ˵ǣĿΪ˼ԼǺܿظ˻ظȻżع뿪˾Ƶ
֮ǰʻ˹˹ӰͣھƵſڣһع䵱˾طæ³ţطϳ
ط˹˹Ӱǰ׶˹˹ӰǰγʮعΪط籣ݻĴһЩöȲϡ
ҹ׶ƻ貣֯ò֡
ӵִ׶Լ٣Ȼһɾ츺𾯽רͨ׶ڲʻһݿС
רͨǰкüʻǽǰμݿ˵ר
һ˹˹Ъһɫɫ£ᣬͷһ˿˳Ӣʿķ緶
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֮⣬ǿͣĻúĿΪصصȴЩͿݺͱƸ
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ӭӢ˼״طӡѣ΢Цʺá
̫ˡط΢΢һЦֳͬ˶˵ء
µǰУҴȥɡָָǰƻ貵Ĺ˵
ȻֻݿĻӢʹ֮еλͣ෴ܸߣŸų
֮ǰӭӿˣȫΪݿָʾطһӢݿطߴ·
ãԼȥСطҡҡͷ
Ǻðɡ
طĻԥһ£ûм֡
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ò˵ܹΪӢŸųżȻ˼ܡ
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ǧҲû㵽֮ǰڵϰݻطһ棬Һط緢ִ
׼ȷ˵ֻط翴һۣطԲѷʮֵİԵ
˿̣֪⻹⣬صͣһ½Ųһۣһ۱㿴ط硣
֣ÿһ
Ȼû뵽ҲţеĻƤӾȻ
ڿµͬʱЩҲ׷ͣ½Ų˳ſĿ⿴ȥͬҲط磬֪ʲô飬һɻ
˸£ֻƤҲǹĿô
ݵķ¹󣬿ˣܲƣ˵֮гŶطĲ衣
ৣ
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Ȼ֪Ϊʲôھط磬ԼλǺεȵĽǿƣԲ̿
ǵģĿүǽĹ͡
뵽һУ˲ط翪ڣȿڣͼⳡͻìܳͻ
Ȼ
Ļֱɵˡ
ƤӲμӹµᣬǶⳡʢۣҲǶԹµ£
ӵصĿվڸ߸ߵ̨ϣǾһ㣬ָط磬ҽ
гǳǰ˴㣿
ҹĻ£طۿſӦ
һŭˣһֻӬ겻ɢڶ˽еĻһ


718 н
֮ǰڵϰݻʱ⣬ֻط翴һۣ㿪ط磬뽫ŭйطϡ
ʱطЩܿ챻÷ֹ뿪ݿط緢facetimeطûᡣ
ٴٴζط翪ڣڵϰݻҪԣط̣

ȻطĻΧڿЩͳͳɵˣһŵؿط硣
û
ǲţ
˭
ЪֱϵԱұδ峤ġЪĴ£Ӣʯͻŵܲ
һУҫӢŷ޴½Ϊĳ
˵ڿŭ迭ܲ𾪣
Ƕ֪ǿȳԲѷҲһ̫ˣ
Щ˶ˣοˣ
ҹĻ£ɴ۾һضط硪Сûб
٣ӢƬϣû˸ô
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һ̣˵Ķˡ
֪޷ֹⳡͻҰڵƣìܳͻἤ
һвжΣ޷ݿ
㡭˵ʲô
·Ϊӡ֤˵Ĳ²Ƶģڶݵ±ƺٴοڣһ˵ţһ߳طڳһط粻ú˵Ҫطļơ
üнͣҪ࣬ҲһĽѵ
طۣŲһĿ

ȻطĻЦһ㣬̲סЦ
ΧЩΧ۵ĿҲ̲סЦˡ
Ƭϣ˸вЪֱϵԱδ峤ֱϵԱ
ԸżŮΪ˰飬ҲԲԸһ㣡
Ƥӣ֪𣿡
Ц󣬿ıüΪӢƬϣû˸˿ظҽǵһ
ǰҽˣ³ôá
طɫת䣬ȻԷִҳ飬ָԷһѵ
⣡
طĻ˵ͷһ
Ѿط绰е˼Ҳطʱ֡
ļ䣬ط粻ѣһ֣˷У
һ£ýֺͷ뵽֪ƣ³һǳң
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οţķչһݿط磬ӢҲԲط磡
ʱҲΪ²ΪӢڴ˴¼еƷ
ĿүǹµգǶǹĿˣ¾Բϣ֮䷢ͻǻùºѿҲӰ쵽ķΧΪЦҵЦ
֪ԼٵˣȿػѸٿֹ룬һùΪѰɣ
ţ
˵Ļͣ˽Ųüͷ
ʯ̸Уعμݿᣬͨ˴λݿĹϵΪ׷ݿ¼ʵĻ
һ£˿ط緢ͻݿѿĻƱػݿӡ󣬴ӶӰĳԶƻ
뵽˴ϵŭɢ˼֣Щسʵ˸£ôһμ磿
ĿүݿĻѡ
룬ûи߿طʵݡ
ΪѿȨѾϢ˵˼ˣûбҪ״
£ЩؿطһۡЭˣǿƵط粻Э
˸£ѵĶԣڽӣȷʵݿѿ
˵ǵĿ⣬طͷ͡
һΣݿ丸ΪǰģҰһæ
Ϊһ㣬ðΣգӢμݿ磬ټĻҲݿѿ
ˣ
طĻǿЩ˾Ϊط¿ٸˣ
µкܶ࣬ʲôѶʸμġ룬һһʱûпܵ
һЦؿط磬һưĿǵûϵһġ
Ҫݿкˣ
ΧĿ˵һʱ˿˼Ϸʵؿط磬Ǹо·ڸط˵ʶȤػ߰ɣԺ˸ϳȥɾͲˣ
һΣطûлӦ
һֱĿ⿴ſ
Ϊ
κ˶λ߹һĹ£Ƕôط硪طݿҪĿˣ
û֮һ
Ҫ˵Ъ峤ڣݿҲԲط磡


719 
Ϊݿѿʱطֹͣ棬Ѵ⣬ȼݿݿطϳֳ
ݡλݿĹϵݿһҲôҪĿˣⲢʲô¡
ǵġ
ʶӢطԲݿҪѣ
ǿЩͬҲģͬʱᶨΪطڵ֪ݺһ뿪βӳӢ
뷨Ǹڿ򱻵ֳĹ
ллӣҲллûѿ
뿪˵һʱطл
̫ˣֻҪҵ鷳Ȼ鷳
طҡҡͷȻ󻰷һתʵˣǸһʲôͷôоӢĵ̣
ЪֱϵԱδ峤ĺѡ֮һ
˿ЦŽ͵ЪӢϵļ֮һӴ󣬾ҶҪǼӡ
ֲá
طȻ򣬵ûгһĵǺͿ־塣
һĻ˲֡
෴ƾһ֮սձˣЪŵǲŻ֡
æȥֳۿ˲˵طֿ˵
һȥ
æ˵ط뿭ͻȥݿ㱨һϢˡ
£˱һƣȻط򹬵
٣ǸƤӾȻߣǲӰ
ǰүѾѻ˵úˣ޴Ҫȥµֳ뱻谡

ǰ˻ͷط˳Ź¼Ц
٣ϵĻоŻвײĲᣬʺҲͷһۣЦѡ
ΪЪδ峤ĺѡ֮һӵֱϵԱݣѧʶΪףڻĻ˽⡣
Ըһ£򿭶׳սҪ硣
ͣ½Ųͷаһ䣬æӿ˽Ų
ܿģط˲˹
ԭʷϢĹҹóֳһڹ࣬һȾİײ˸ʽˮĺͼ۸񰺹ĺơ
ǣӢĳֶ֧֪ӣࡶ̩̹˺šmyheartwillgoon滺ʺֳա
һŽȲĿˣȺվһ𣬶źƱ̸Ц
һߴڹ֮УΪǷţǶӢߣӴŵǶûκ覴ãÿһλ˶е졣
һ׼ۻᣬҹ񿰳ƶ
Ȼ
ֳǢգΪĵˡ
ΪӢŷ޴½Ŀֳ֮󣬺ܿ˿ǵע⣬һЩǷɶ˻һӭ˿
үɢŹϢ
ӢĳĹСкĻ˵ͬʱвǸоֻҪͷҸطͿһĻ˶
ѵǰ壿
΢΢һЦȻĿӹСŲ
ƺԣܹӦС㣬ѾǶԷĪˣ
ʵȷˣĻشСһܳǸо·𱻿G㡣
үɫá
ү촩װ̫ƯˣλĲ÷ʦ֣֮
ֳĿȺӭ򿭶عάֺſһԲһм䡣
ͬʱط˲ֳվſڵһ䣬֮ǰ뿭һֳͬĿżһֻؿ֮⣬ʽ뿭γ˽Ȼķ
ҪʲôʲôֱӷԸ߾ͺˡҪȥ»㱨Ϣʱʧ㣬ǸǼ˵Ŀ⣬˵ط˵
˿̱ǰΧʱ鲻ץסʱǰȥݿ
õģæģùҡ
طͷѿ˺ܵԼ뿭ͻ˿ȥݿҪ㱨ԼֳִϢҪݿԼ뿭ìܣûͱ㴰ֽ
ۿطͷ˲ٷϻ첽ŹĶȥ
һţһҡݿ
˸£
Ȼ£˵Ĺάʹȴطˣ뿪¼Ⱥס˵ȥ·
³ˣ
һ̡
˻شۼ⣬ݿӶǵ߳¿ڡ


720 ӳЦ
ৡ
ټĹ˲䰲˶ֹͣ˽̸ĿͶ˽ǡݿ
ݿȻŰطƵʱɫ³ȹȹһſŹâ˸ıʯ
֮⣬ѩ׵Ĳϻһ챦ʯͬŰӡ
һУµıʯλ
ͨ˴ᱻΪݳޡҫholdסݿͬЩʯǺ飬ͬʱҲӳгĸ߹
ƹ£Ůںȹڣݿ˵ע£΢ЦţŻĲ򹬵ǰĿȴͬɨһȺѰطӰ
һ
һӰݿûнĿͣκϡ
ΪǵĿ
ڣվſԱ߽ط磬ǰʱˣϵЦҲ֮øӲáˡ
ݿ£ļ¡
һ̣͵ݿջĿ֮󣬿ڴ˹İݿһȻ߳Ⱥֱݿ˹ȥ
лл
Կݿ΢ЦԵظл
ݿ£ĳ׶׶ضøˣ
ݿ£һϵɵ˼ʹ
ݿĻ£Ⱥ
ΪʿǣƨĹһһ㣬һһ¶ǡ
ݿ£һλѣҽֳ𣿡
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ȻʻݿϵЦһ٣Щɻس忭ʵ
ݿ£ˡðλѼΡҵĸоһҰˣʮᡣҲңмλ˸ղҲĸоԣΪǶԽⳡׯض߹ۣΪأ
ֱ⣬ٴط緢ѣݿڽطϳȥ

𿭶Ļ˷׷һԼͬؽĿͶط硣
ſڣǸ۵ĽطһվɳĮеһƣֳһи롣
ͬʱݿɫ˲ˣ
ƹ£ͬһ㾫µϣҲҲЦݣеֻŭ⣡
ʲô
һĻһ̲סԼ
ûд𰸣ӿֳһɲõԤУ
£ϣףҵ磬硪ҵĻʲô飬ҶԣҵѣҵĹͣ
·Ϊӡ֤ԤƵģĿ֮£ݿˣ֮ڷŭ㵱ô˵ҵĹͣǶĲءⲻһʿ͹еΪ
ݿ
ЩˣݿķӦطݿʮҪԱġ
һкܻԼжϣ뿪ȣӶΡ
Ȼ
һжˣ
£ҪҵѵǸԭ¡ĵǸôź뿪ֳ
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ݿնؿڣ˲ټĹ˲ѻȸ

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ƹ£һֵʯվԭأɵؿݿһ
Ȼǲ֪վſڽĻʲôìܳͻϧݿΪѵǰ£ˣҪ˸ϳֳǶû뵽ݿش𡪡ط磬ݿ˿Ļػ
˶ˣοˣ
Ȼӿֳ˲ĸоҲû뵽ݿȻᵱ
ԣݿĻͷ·һĶϣΪǣĸ߹󣬽ΪЪδ峤ѡ˵Ƿݽ֧飡
ৡ
һ̣ȿػ˶ԼͬٴνĿͶſǸ˵Ľ䡣
Ȼ壬ֻطһվ֮ǰǰ㲻ۡ
һ̣ΪȫĽ㣡
ݿ¡
лعǿĵͷŭͼ˵Щʲô
˵ȥĻͬóȥˮջأͬľԶܸģ
ݿֱӴ˿ĻʮּҪôطǸҪô뿪
ٴݿĻһһ㱡
һ̣ݿбøİ
һ̣һξĸо
УʶؽĿͶǸб΢ͼĻƤӣԺﲻϵػصݿղŵĻ
Ǹ˵ʲôͷ
ݿΪʲôΪ迭
ͬʱ˿طǹ¶Ӱȫɻ
ûд𰸡
Ƕ֪ΪӢŷ޴½ĿΪӢŷ޴½Ц


721 ȥ
׶أĳߵС
ԭ
÷ϿһƬйطı
żȻϿһйطıδ⡣
һУط֮󣬾طʮϤʼ벻ط硣
˿̣ٴοطıϸһ飬֪طһЩΪ¼ľѡ
һʵ̫Σˣҵ򿭶ү㱨
÷̲סԼȻط뿭ֻǷ˿ڽǳͻպټ棬ȻбҪ򿭶㱨¡
뵽÷æóֻ򿭶ĵ绰
ˡ
ͬʱ׶ϵĹֻ𶯵𣬴˹İҲ˷׷״лع񣬽ĿͶԴ
ֻͬ𶯵ҲԼֻ𶯡
£Ҹղ̫ðˣҲЩϣҪӰ쵽飬Ҳϣܵõԭ¡ֻ𶯣ǵݿǸ
жʯ⣬عΪ˲μݿ磬ͼ˻ݿĹϵΪ׷ݿ»ȻԸݿӡ
һУѡһʱݿǸ
طǸ

Ϊ֮ǰѾ˵طһģǶⳡۣ
һ£ڸطǸĻԴ⣬ƱػΪӢŷ޴½Ц
ܽܣҲ飡
˵Ĳû壿
ԿĵǸݿϵŭû˿ļ٣ҪҵѵǸһԭ£ҵǸ
ৣ
ٴݿĻɫٴһ䣡
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ݿ£ףտ֡
ݿĻûһƾǿԿûøϣǶݿ΢΢ǷԼף
һУֱͣת뿪
Ȼµݿջ֮ǰĻҲ޷ݿıע⣬ֻͽЦ
ſȥıӰ˵Ȼ𾪡
ǾԲţݿΪһԶĻ˳뿭
ͬʱҲţ»ûꡪԲŹط磡
·Ϊӡ֤˵Ĳ²ƵģȺ֮һߣһضط硣
һ̣û˵һ֣˶ܸܵĿеŭ⡢⣬ɱ⣡
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ŭŭջǿסԼʲôҲû˵ֱ뿪˹
Ļ쵰
߳Ҳ޷Լˣ̲סһ䣬Ȼóֻ׼÷մ绰÷յطľݡϢط鵽˴δйĳ裬뱨ط磬ܽͷ֮ޣ
óֻȻָղŵδ÷մģֱӻز
ĿүҸղŲ鵽˵ϰݻǸ˵ݡ绰ͨ÷ȿ㱨
ô֪ҪǸ쵰Ϣ
÷յĻЩɻ󣬾鴫ȥҲô̵ʱڴ÷

ֵ÷շˡ
Ϊʼ޷뵽ط磬Ϊù͹ͨ鵽طϢȻΪбҪ򿭶㱨
񣬸ݿ˵ҲҪطϢ
ѵǸ뿭үͻˣ
ݵķ¹÷ӿֳһͷûҶʣǰٵ˵Ҹղ俴йϢȻбҪ㱨һ
Ǹ쵰ʲôͷʡ
үǡ
÷ղҵһʱ佫Լ鵽򿭶㱨

ͬʱ

ſ뿪֮˷׷ݿףݿилÿһλ˶̸䣬ǳһںƣ˵չ˵ˡ
ڴ˹УЩ˻ؿط硣
ܿģݿӦЩˣطԡ
Բװķ硣
ݿȿڣһǸ⡣
ݿ㲻޹ءطЦŵ
йءμҵᣬͲᷢ顣
ݿҡҡͷһȻ󻰷һתᶨ˵ģҾԲÿǸһ˺ģ
磬ҲΪѣԲûжʲô
طԣ΢΢ۣһһҪҲȥ̸

طĻݿһ˲Ȼ
ڹ⣬طûκԼԷſֽһЩ飡
ձǰ֮


722 ʸ
ȫѧĻֻһʱˣٸԵ˿дߣݾٸԱߵǣȴŴĻ
ҹɫīٸԹһ䷿Ϊ͢ʥʿɪϥһϣԴ¹⣬۹۱ǡǹģڽڤ롣
ΪʥʿŽ̻ʻӶӳְ
ȻԽ̻ʵʵȫɪػɪְÿҪػڽ̻ʵ޹߸ѧ
ˡ
ͻȻֻ𶯵𣬴˷İ
ৣ
ɪȻ˫ۣоⱬ䣬ĿָܿƽߵǰֻԼܵܿЪ磬˽
磬п𣿡
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ΪܶѡֶԼʵһģǿֻҪʰǰˣδؾûбߵϣ
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ֵǩʱЦɨطһۣȻִץһ򣬴һ45š
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һߣһ߳ܺʮϹԵúڣ˲Ӯ˹ǵĺøС
ۼԳ֮üίСϱƵģһԹࡣ
ӷ𣬼ʩܸһս
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ĦĻĦǷ񣬼Щëæ˵ҡҺͻŴѣĦʦ顣
İɣһɱ
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û˵ֻǺɵؿĦᣬƺ֪ĦǷѡ
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ѧٶȼһ֣㽫ٶȷӵ£Ҷü洫ѧȭٶȿ硣
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ԴˣĦһƣǸо·ʧһ
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ˣԻǵһʱ뿪ˣǸоĦ֣
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ǰӣȻһֱѹǻļԱ򣬵δƣʵӦñȼǿ˶١
ⳡıĪǰɪԶˣȫ˵Ķ֣

Ħ뼧뿪ϯϣ
ҪôʵСߣҪôʿѧ⺺Ħ뼧Ա
ӡȷŴĦ᲻򵥰
ǰƾԷһγ֣ȷԷʵҽԼʵѹƵԷͬһˮ׼öԷм֮ûСݿƿ£
ЩʵСߺʿͬȫصǿŶ˱е׷׸̾Ħǿ
Ŷչֳ˼ǿʵʵʰеĵط磬ֵΣ
һеͬʱǿ߽ĿͶط磬ӿֳһʣͬʱżڴ
ڴ֮طǳ


732 طǳ
ڰı֮󣬴ϢСʱ˶ǰȥ緹
УӡѡֺһЩ֪ѧǿ߷׷ǰٸԽ͢ĲòͣЩڱ䳡Ĳ͹ò͡
ʵϣʥ˵ù㳡ûвٸԼûмҿŵĲίڱ䳡Աߴһʱʳ㳡ڹòͣͬʱҲǸٸԲա
СʱıʼڵԲϡ
һ棬пĻʽйڶˣһ棬ɪ顢Ħ˵ıϣ࣬ͷǿ
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طӥԺҲһ𡪡ٸ֮УٲȻѽط統˺ġ
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һ̣طȻδʼȴΪȫĽ㣬Ⱥѡͨ߳޺Ȼʧɫ
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УһҪг
ҪֺùԱͷ񣬷ãȫͨõĶɣڹٱλĻĶˣ
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ط磬ˡ
ͬʱһίĹԱ׼ңط硣
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طͷлȻ߳ϢңŲѡͨȥ
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ڴطı֣


733 
Ϧ£ٸԣ㣬ʥ֮˼صɫʡ
Ϧ£ʥ˵ù㳡ʱı䳡ϯУһ߸ߺط֣һߵȴطǳ
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ȫѧ֮󣬲ҳΪѡֵģʵں󲹲ѡжǵ׵Ĵڡδͻƣ

ܿģ嵽طǰΪһֵնطĲ
طһɶ




һֵնգͣѸ͹ƣֵնÿһζնգ޷вط硣
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ܵڵĲԹڵʣ۲룬˵͵ط͹֮ʵԣط绹Ǹ˿չʾĻᣬǿʵҲˡ޷Իطвѡ䡣
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ĻЩɻĹڶʱȻжطĲҲȻ޴棬ȡ֮塣
ǣһЩǿߺͲѡ֣Ҳط
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ɪţͨԼǿʵùѪڣͬʱҲѡ˾޴塣
طı֣Ӯ˾˵أͬʱҲ޽ӡ
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ɽɲԲͼҼ޳ھ޵ȲѡĹԸĵط˼˶طӵĻ̲סҡͷ


734 ֮
ȫѧڶıһ켸һޣǿǿ
ɪ˼չŶڴŵʵǰһл֣ܶһлɱ֡
Уǳ˼̡
ǰԷ޵ĲѡΪĲбֶ־壬ֱ䣬ڱʼûڵĻᣬ˲佫ɱ
һУòбѪ׳ΪĴʣеļѡ֮⣬ѡֶ˿־壡
飬Ҫôǰ䣬Ҫô
ǵĹʶ
ɪ˲ͬĦȻӵɣûлɱزж֣ǽʵѹƵһȼֵɳúõزһνǹ񫡣
Ħͬļԣڵڶбͣÿ籩Ľ˶֣й˻еơ
ȼԶԣӥȶ˳ػ˶֡
ѡ֣԰жԾ
ǰЩıԣǶõʮıԸǿһЩ
Ϊ˸ѡ֣һλŷĳѧţ
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Ҳͨս˸ѡ֣һʤ6֡˽ĳ
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طռûг֣ӦҪˣ֪Ƿʵ
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ͷһ䣬Ȼҿ϶ܹ׳գȻһᰴ˵㴦ã
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Դˣطޱ飬޶ԣûصȥһۡ
֣úɫһط߽Ц٣ط磬ѱǵˣϣܻþһ㣬ҪСУ㡣
˭һţΪǷνĻҩ
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վȴط֣Ŀ絶һɨط硣
ط磬˵ձִ֮ҹһֻš
󣬵طߵ䳡ʱˣгŲһӦңҵʱûгأͻˡ
˼ʱصĻɱң
طüͷһԭͻ޹ϵףĻӿ϶һ㡣
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ЦŵͷȻֲģҽ첻ɱ㡣ΪҴӦޣҪá
̫͵ˣЩèʼšˡط΢΢۾
ԭļƻ˵֮⣬֣ܵʩչԼ书
һȿԼʶϤֵ书ֱֳԶֵء
һط̬طı⡣
㡭˵ʲô
طĻɫһ䣬ɱ
һԸ
طӦֱ̡


735 ڴ򱬣
ԴѣطṼ
Դˣطʴȡ

Ȼ֪Ϊζ˵ӣȻҪҰڳһţ̬·

طĻЦˣЦúܲмҲܿ
ΪδػСѡУҾǿԴѧ㾡ԴĴΪŪһƿҩ
ҵĴ࣬㽫书˻ڵļ£ʱͻƻڣΪ˻ҩԵʣΣʱ͸֧ܡǱܣڵս
һУԼʵģطʱֵ޿֡
ԭҴӦޣҪãҲıˡ
Цˣ쳹䳡Ľļգ

û뵽Ȼط緢ս
ǰطսպգ

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ͬʱطûѿ֮ǽĿͶ˺۲Уȴʼ
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Ϊû뵽ط緢ս۲ҲЩ㵣˿̲طĿɨŻع˫ѹʾڰ
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죡
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ط˲ұ˳һ˴ǹȭͷǹͷȻԴ
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ƣط綯ŭɱӺһȭ
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ıһڿݾ
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һ죬ίרõӰʦӾлعóһĻ
ڶ졣
һĻԶ


736 йɱ
˳С򣬽͵Ŀʨ
طʵдա
ķֳھ޴ĳһźֹ
ӷǺѡֵԴ𣿾Ȼ
ڹǷźͬʱ˵
طһһ䶯飬պգȻط緢սֱԴţˣ
У֪Թ񶼲ҪҿԴ󡣡Կڴ
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ͨڶԣû뵽طμӴ˴ȫѧĿľȻΪ˸ʦ𣬶ЩݵλԺյǿ߶ԣû뵽ط羹Ȼа޵ˣ
Ƕ֪¹˹޵ΧҶսҶе顣
ǿʱ޵ȻʵҶҲһĸ֡
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ӥҪŲѡ׼ȥʱͻȻ˵ΪˣԲܺձѧŽ֮սң֪еĻ㲻䣬ҲҪӲţʽ絹ز𡣡
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ΪһУѡ̣ҪͨۿѡֵıУԼд书ҸҪͨ۲ı˽ʵҵ©Ȼ֮ȷɱֻҲΪҵֵܱ𣡡
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753 Ҫۼ֤
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òԲطʮָм
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ԴˣĦͬط΢΢һЦջĿ⡣
ܿ죬бȫѧĵķ֮һӡĦVSѾˣӡĦѾ˱䳡룬ƺڴ쿪ʼò˵˷ǳڻ
ӡĦʤ
ӡĦᣬ֮ǰķ񣬿֣
˵Ļ£֧ĦĹڷ׷״
ĦϹǱʾ⣬ҲԼĦڻǸ
ԴˣĦᲢ⡣
棬źӭ
ۿѾúˣұʱ伴٣ٷϻ
໡

ڹǵźУˡ
һɫĶ̿ɫTһ˫սѥ͵
䳡룬ҲˣйµѯĦǷҪ򣬼ҡͷ֮󣬱ֱ˱ʼ
ʼ֮Ħ֮ͬǰıһ籩Ľ
ΨһͬǣһΣûѹʵ
Ȼ
ˣûѸٽսΪ̫š⣬׼ᣬչҷսܾˣܡ
Щ֮Ħ᲻Ҵ⣬ֱӶԼľѧӡȹ٤
٤ִʱֵĽ˶ڹŴһӡߵųӡȷڵĲ֮ء
Ħʩչӡȹ٤дգдᣬᲢãǿ󣬺ܿŤתƣռϷ磬սɡ
Ʋأûд߶ҩʱսûмսǹ⵹زַʽ˱
˵˻ҩӦÿЩûҩһڶʱսΪʲôôأ
Ħû˿ϲãһδ޲սٻغϡ
޳ΪʲôҪƴأΪνĹھôƴ㣬Ҳˣ޷ھл飬пܻᱻɱ
ޱ˵ǵûΪջ𣬷Ǻ̹Ȼ˵Լɺ͵ǡ

Ħһû뵽Ȼǣת뵽֮Ȼˡ
ԲΪνȫѧھȥƴ
ӡĦʤ
ۿĦĽ̸˱
ӡĦǹھ
ų򣡡
뵽ĦղŵĶԻǴһЩںܲΪûпԼ뵽ļұǱǵӣ
Դˣȫ⣬ֱ뿪˱䳡
ĦתĿͶ˲ѡط硣
ط磬Һڴ㽻֣˵ڱ뽻ֵĶ֣
ĦῪˣ󣬵źԵøһڰȫȥ飬Ȼھе㡪ϣܹٴҾޣĶ֣ھ
ã
طվ֣صصͷ
Ȼ˽⣬ȻⳡôĦ齫ȵ컹ѣǴӦĦᡣ
Ϊ
ܸܵĦеս⣬ҲܸܵĦľ⡣
Ħ˵ĦĶ֣



763 һ
õطĻӦĦת뿪
طǺֳ󲿷ֹһŹۿɪ˹ı
һСʱίΪ˲ùǸеģ˲ž֮⣬ôĻǰһЩľʻ棬طŴγȻȻسΪȫĽ㡣
Դˣط粢⣬ǻĦı
书ǵ͵ľ书ѸͣһƵУĦʹõĹ٤һŲѧʮ£Կ͸ط翴Ҳȱ㡪ɱ㡣
ƳӡĦʵʵԶ˹ܹƳɪʵʵ𣿡
ֹ֮ͣ׳һ⣬飬йΪԣҲйΪԣܵ˵˶ΪɪʤⳡΨһɪǷᶯǿս
ڹǵУʱһһţһķ֮һıҲԽԽٽˣһЩȥټı䳡˲ѡڵ͹ϯ֮⣬طϯ
̻˹սˣ
жʮӵʱ򣬽̻˹ȫѧ鳤ĪѧŸְͬ£һ˱䳡˹ǵע⡣
ɪΪ͢ʥʿ˴ȫѧţһǽ̻˹Ļӳ̻˹ȻҪս˵Խ͢˽⡣
֣͢ʥŮôûг֣Ҳ˺ɻ
ǰ֣ҼǵʥŮ֮ǰ˻طôֵɪıˣûг֣˵Ļ˲˵ĸֲͣ²⡣
˵У̻˹ߵϯ
У̻˹سŲѡڵһۣط֮΢΢һ¶һĪЦݡ
ط˹Ŀ⣬Ҳ˹ЦݣһʱЩѽ⡣
ѽѽ⣬ûкķϸȥ˼˹Цеĺ壬ǽĿͶ˲ѡͨһͬȴɪ˹
ʼʮӵʱٴֳֻͲ䳡룬йµڽлȻʱ䣬ɪ˹
ȳ˹
¸ߴʮȣ˹һֲӵս
Ϧ£ǿ׳սŵùĹĵģ߹УսѥײƵһ㣬мǿ
˹ߵ䳡ʱɪҲˡ
ɴһɫףһͷϦ¸ۣһŵĻƮݡ
ɪ
˹ԣɪҪߵö֧࣬ҲࡪһһƬ
֧ߣɪûκλӦüͷ쳣ȥܲá
ʵȷˡ
̻˹һģʥŮûͬС
ζŰῴⳡ
ԣһ޴Ĵ
͢˶֪ϲҲ׷
ŬڰǰֳԼһ棬һйᴩ֮С

Ĵʡ
͢ŮΪˣŮһ͢ӡ
ЩŮȤ˼ȫڰϡ
Ϊ˵õģŬ䣬Ϊ֤Լһǿߡ
ӽ̻˹֪׼ȫѧھȢΪ޺󣬱㰵ģһҪùھ͸
ڴһ죬ͬʱһһá
ڼǰı뷨
һ죬طı֮ͨ˽̻˹ͰĽ̸֪˶طŨȤ
ܷѽ⡪طᲢ۵ʸ
֮⣬Ҳܷŭֲ˹ͰǰֻܰС
ӽóǰ֪ıеķŭֱﻹȥӦڣ
ţ
ޱȷŭɪ䳡;Уʶɨһ۲ѡڵ򣬺Ȼط硣
֣һ۾еķŭﵽ˼£Ŀ֮гŭ⡣
Ϊ֪طĳָı˰˹̬ת䣡
˵̬תЩ޴ЩĪҲǲɷϵʵ
һ£ԭʹӦܵҪݺݽѵط޲̽طһ
Ȼ
룬ɪ֪ʱ
ܿջĿ⣬ĿͶⳡĶ֡˹
˹ѡ䣬Ҳѡһлܡ
ɪͣ½ŲɫĮض˹˵Ҫ㣬ѡߣ㽫Σա
٣ɪδ̫Ըˣ
ɪİ̬ȣ˹ЩջһӸ𰸡
˹ĻɪûٷϻǽĿͶУȴʼ
˫͸λʼ
м״ûа׷ѿѯǷҪֱ˱ʼ
ɪܹһл˹ô
ͬʱطڣжһʡ
䣡
Ӧ˵һ졣
Ϧ£ɪһΣһʩħһ㣬˲˹ǰ˫ֺʮһ޽Ȼն˹
ս֮ռɱСսն
Ϊйеŭ𣬻ҪղԼ˵һУɪȫѧһκޱس֣ý֮͢ս֮ռɱУ
ɲǼ䣬ɪڵѪڣھӿ˫֣˫ھֱܲն˿緢˱ըһ㣬죬γ˿µľ磬ˣһĽ
ֽδУ
һֽףðطڵ˱ɫ
̻˹
ȻɪʵģҲ֪ɪʵﵽ˺̶ֳȣû뵽ɪȫһȻ

ɪ˿񱩵һֽ˹ֻƾսܣӭ
һĳǻΪһͷܣǹģͷ·һֻڷ
Ƕѧ书ΣƷΪɱǿ
飡
һ̡
͵סĿתű䳡ʱɪֽݺݵ˹ƣ
ۡ
˹ǱһƵģֱӶѣ˵ɶѪ硣
һС
һУɪն˹ƣ˹࣬ܵصˣ
ȫž
顪
˹ݺݵˤڵϣѪٲȻʧȥս
˹Ƿս
֮࣬еһʱ˹ǰʵ
˹ɫףѵҡҡͷ
ȡɪʤ
˹Ļоؿɪһۣ˱
໡
ɪ޵У
ŲеĻ£Ҳлع񣬷׷׼ش
Ϊû뵽ⳡΪƾеıһַʽ
ط磬˹Ҳˣ
ĻУɪĿɨѡڵ
طһۡ
һۣܶݡ
һ۹ת뿪һ°ıӰ
طܹסɪһô
ɪȥıӰ뵽ɪղſطһۣ˶аԼ
ûд𰸡
ǿɪطıѶطעҪ֣ܳ


764 ׼
Ϧ£ƻ轵٣йںС뿪ٸԣٸԼӭҹʥ
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Ȼ˵ĽŲ΢ѽ书սڣԶˣһ
֨
󣬽ŲȻֹϡ
ʱüվ
Ϊ͢ʥŮڽ͢λߣû˿δ뷿䡣
Ȼ
֮üͷ˲Щɻ̻ʱ£ôˣ
㡣
˹΢Ц˵ȻרСá
æӭȥ˹ӭһǰʵ̻ʱ£Ҫȵʲô𣿡
ˮ
˹³֡
ҪͰдϥ̸Ҫȵˮ
ôûȥɪıأ
һ׿ˮݵ˹ǰ˹ֽӹʵ
ʱеЩۣϢһ¡֯һԣΡ
Ϊóѣ׼ȷ˵ѡݣҲûбҪѡ
۾ңѡ
˹΢ЦŴ˰ĻԣЩţּЦûȥΪ㲻뿴װİ
ǵģ̻ʱ¡
ݵľź󣬰ָֻƽ˵ͷ
װİΪʲô뿴أѵΪ㲻ϲɪô˹ٴοʵ򿪴˵
̻ʱ£Ҳ֪ΪʲôҲĲ²ǶԵġ̾˿
ɪһСӡӢĳ࣬ģ߹ʣ׵ļǿһֵ֮ǿļ֮һ
˹˹˵⣬Ʒкܺã͢˶ۺܸߣܶΪƵ֡ңжӣԸΪκ顣һˣΪʲôϲأ
һΣûпڻش𣬶˳Ĭ
װİؾҲع˼ʲôֻ֮ģԷɵ˵ʵ뷨˹˵Ŀͷ·ڿԼŮ簮
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𣿡˹ʡ
ҲҲϲҶʵĸܡʵ˵
װİɪڱ䳡ɱ˻ط磬ô˵޸ǡһЩ˹ͻȻЦݣˡ

û뵽˹ʳһ⣬һ㵣ȻͷЩţЩãȻЩɬһʱ֪λش
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Ӻ󣬰һ̧ͷ˹ʵ
ΪҸоϲ˻ط硣˹ֱԲ䡣
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ŮӶľ
˹һЦȻ˵ûطһ˸͵ſ¶侲ԭìܵԸһ𣬺˵Ŀ⡣Ҷͣһǳˡ
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СһͷȥΪ̻˹طе˷ܡ
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Ű˷ܵģ˹̲ס̾˿Ҫһ׼
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طᱻɪܣɱ㲻˶ɪ෴Ҫü޸ɪ׼˹һ˵
ৣ
˹Ļɫ˲ˣòҰֽ
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µй˵ľį

ͬʱ
λ׶Ӣҹƻͨ
ΪӢҹĪݿŮͬ£СһȸԾһƻͨ
ӢսӢҳԱȫѧ̣صΪ˾ٰᣬȫѧȡõĳɼ
Īݿ
󣬲Īݿߵһ
ϤĺĪݿæͣ½ŲͷЦݵ񣺡¡
Īݿ鿴ܲ
Ц˵һ䣬Ȼ˶£Īݿһߡ
ǣ£
Ųһ£ĪݿŮǲٵĻ׷¡
Īݿû´ĻôģΪǸطȫѧбͻ˴ǿô˶֮󣬲ٴοˡ
ǵģס
ĪݿɻصͷȻ־òԾЩŵʵףҪΥ֮Լɣ
ôأЦҡҡͷҼȻӦ㣬;ԲΥ
Ǿͺá
ĪݿָֻЦǵ˲ٵֱۡ
ĪݿҪ㣬طҪ͢ɪ֡
ټ״̾˿ȻԼĪݿ̸Ŀģ֮档˵ɪǿ˵ȫһֵǿˡĻ˵ɪһжӲͬʱҲңطȻǿʵǿ١
ףңطܸɪ𣿡Īݿü΢΢
пܣпɥϣ׼һһ˵ᶨ
ΪɪһΪܵܿͷͨӢҵ鱨֪ɪڻ֮ܶ󣬶ط¶ĵ⣡
Īݿɫʱһ䣬ϵЦݵȻ޴棬ȡ֮ĵǡ
֮⣬ϻһ˿ڴ
ڴطٴνܱɿܣһ飡


765 ҲԱĻ
ҹĻ٣һбʣٸԵÿһ䣬ʥøʥ
ɪͬһػڽ̻˹޹һ䷿
ûڤǱ֣վڴߣŰڽõķ򣬱鲻ǰ飬üͷüĿ֮޷Ĩȥŭ⡣
ûŭ⣡
ռɱսնһлش˹Ž̻˹֤ԼԸо˹Ŀ֮ǰͬˣеŭⲢδɢ
ڶڰ̬ȵתûǰȥۿıеѻ
ˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ֻ𶯵𣬴˷İҲɪع
תߵԣֻһǵܵܿĵ绰ֱ˽
磬ף˴ȫѧǿ绰ͨ׶صĿȿڣΪɪףء
ʲôֵףصģɪ䵭ػӦ
˵öԣʵǿһǳɵ顣
ε˵ţͬʱ˼Ÿοڸɪط顣
ɪἰ绰ңѯҸطɣ
ǵģ硣
һϲȴɫǸĺӱеҪȻǿң˵ڱгֺȺѾкü˶ˡ
ڵҵİΣأ̼ڱиɵ
ɪ˿ĻԿ˽⣬֪ԼĵܵһǳαʿӢ׹Ķϰ
磬߶СαװĿġ
޴㣬ôܰڻطеЩһȽأҲ˶ԣطǿУһ
ɪЦ˵죬Ҳ뿪䳡
ţ
ȻɪⷬһȻ
Ϊؼǵãط赱ոɪ绰ʱɪֻ˵طһݺݵĽѵȴ˿ڷ磬Ҫȡط
ѵǸط緢ͻˣ
㵹󣬿̲סаԼ
ûд𰸡
ӦǡཡɪѾҶ˵绰
̻ʱ£죬һ֪ǸطҵĲǶôĴ󡪡Ь䣡
ɪֻ鲻Խս˫ȭ
ҪطѪΪԼ

ͬʱʱʮСʱŦԼϡ
֮ѩûǰѧУҲûȥ˾Ǻ˯һ
һУֻΪǰʱʵ̫ˡ
һ棬ЭʦһѧоͶ˴ľһ滹˲ϵ顣
ΪҪǣϵط磬עطȫѧϵı֣ǰǡģѳΪ̬
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壬Ҹ˵ܶˣ㲻øô
ѩ״ЦһȻߵɳһתֱӽ⣬壬Ϣн𣿡
ǵģС㡣
ͷȻһ˼·Ż˵ҰָʾͨռϢԱ˴˴ȫѧǿʵԱȣóĽǣǿ֮Уδչʵʵ֮⣬طڣѶǿʵ
չֵʵɪǿĦ֮طȻûչʵʵʵӦط֮ϡ
٣ѩüͷһ
С㣬㲻֮ˣҲø˵ǿϵ
Щѣ뵽ʲôһͨʹ˾µĶʣԿǵǿǷǳԵġ
ʹ˾¶Ƕ٣
ɪֻͣ2.2֮3.0ӡĦ4.0ط8.0
Щε˵ͨʹ˾ʿԿʹ˾ȫطܹڣȻɪС
һΣѩû˵ʲôóֻͨĵ绰
̰Ҳһ¹˾˻жʽ⣬ѯһ¿ȫѧʵĸҲʹ˾ǵͶע޶Ƕ١绰ͨѩţӹɡ
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绰ͷѩһʱ𸴡
Щɻԥһ£ûʳڡ
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С㣬ҸΪδطڵϣһɡһ˵
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ѩŶһü˲üĿ֮ӿֳ˵ǡ
Ѿ֪ط뿭ͻ飬жɪΪܵܿͷطº֡
һطɪ飬֮սܣζ
ˡ
֪˶ãֻ𶯵ѩӷлعֱֻӽͨ
С㣬ڿԶõʽʮ𡣡
绰ͨѩɿػ㱨ȫܹҲʹ˾ȫѧ˶ڵʣÿҹ˾Ͷע޶ÿһ𡣡
˾ʽȫͶעطȫѧھ
ѩɫƽָʾȴõ绰ͷĿɿڴ㶪ֻ
С㣬ȷ𣿡
ѩ˺úüӲŻع֮Ȼ𾪡
´гع𣿡ѩ㷴ʡ
֪ˣС㣡æԼͿö졣
ѩ㲻ٷϻֱӹҶ˵绰
С㣬ȻҵҲ֪ʽһҵҪԡ㽫˾ʽȫͶעطڣⲻͶʷҲ̫ðʧˡԥһ£ǿˡ
ط粻ܶڣЩǮҶԣûκ壬ϵһ񶼽ʧȥ壡
ѩɳϣ˫ۣ˵Ҳţҵ̨ĵһݳԱĻ


766 п
ͶעطȫѧھͶעʮ𣡡
ڶһ磬һϢ֪ﴫȻѸײڶ֮ƴȫѧ硢ᣬ޴𶯡
Ϊκʮ𶼲һС
Ȼ
ںܶעطȫѧΪϢ۷׷׵ͬʱһϢ
ݿ@Ъ׿˵硢ȫѧšԽ͢ɪڰлɱط磡
ϢĴٶȺЧԶԶһϢ
һ棬ϢǴӿдģʵԸǿ
һ棬ĶҪɱߵĲѡ֣ⱾǼıըš
͢ɪΪʲôҪɱط磿
ݿɿϢط˿@ЪɪҪΪܵܳͷ
дԣ͢ʥŮԻطŨȤ˽͢ɪǿҲʶԻط綯ɱ
Ϣ֮飬ִɣвһЩ֪ʿ͸©Ϣټ٣ѱ档
ɪҪɱطԭԣ˶һսĽһµĿ
طǿɪʵ̫Ʊػᱻطɱ
۵ŸҲΪⳡİ˵ӡ
Ȼ˲Żһ
ֵǣڼ˶ΪϴƱػܸǸ͢ƣôغܲˬעʮѺϴڣ˸עô
ǸɵԺӵɵ΢ȺðݣΪۼһڣĿǰͷʽޣ׼ȷ˵ֻʮڳͷˣֻͷȫͶע
ӲôǮĿǰϻʮˣ
λշһ׸Ѻи
и׸쵹ôȥѺϴһڣǶĿ飬Ѻ͹

ʹͷͶע񳱣ÿһ˶ҪͶעѺطڣͶעݶͬ
ͬʱһС΢Ⱥϸ۵̸齨ۼĵĴС
λ綼һУҸ˲ţͶעһڣȤͶעôˣϰĶĳôΪϵ̸ļֵ¸ðݷԡ
ϴû̡
ϰĵƶߺμҺٺܿðݸظ
ڰۼšĶս֮бط籬ׯӰ˼ûҿط̿ڡ
һ棬Ϊط˵ĳÿһվʱ򣬶ԻΪģ̫̿ѿ
һ棬Ƕ֪ط米аۼšţ͡ѩˣЩ˸ƴ֣һͶעĻϰĶĳ⸶𣬵ƲΪȫ򲩲ҵЦ
ϴˣҲͶעһڣ档ΪȺϸ۽ðˣͶעط硣
ׯҲģƹأҾͲˡ˵ʵûס
Ҹλеע
Ҳ
żֵ¸ա忪ڣһЩҲ׷׷ԣʾҪעΨûпڡ
˺Ǻ棬мֵ¸ոֱԲʣС㣬أ

̵ػ֡
һ̡
Ⱥðһ𾪡ı顣
Ƕ٣ֵ¸̲סٴʵ
ۼŽʽȫͶעڣܼʮڣ沢δȻľ
ʵϣȻ׼ۼʲѺд̺ܸӡҪһʱڣֻա
ĻȻԻȫң
ʮڣ
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ϡϰ壬ֽӵһͶעʽԴȻǻģһµŮˣ
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ģȺ˶ôǼﶼпƾʲôôǸط磿
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ⶼǿ@ЪĹ͡ӢȦ׿ڳɪҪɱطʵ
ʮʵһʲСͶעˣطʤ⸶˵ֻǱˮнʹ˾Ҳûа취ˣֻļҲʹ˾һϵ۱ɪɹɱط硣
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˼ڤ뵽죬Լѧġ书Ժ飬Ȼûҵдռɱе;
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ȫѧĹڼϽκý߽룬ͬʱҲϽйЯӲƷ룬ȷƬƵᱻй
һУֻΪȫѧڲпᡢѪȣֱֳ߽ƬȥĻ޴𶯣ѹ
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ӣί㽫ʥ˵ñ䳡⿪ţڿƾIDͨܵļٸԣȻָĵ·ǰʥ˵ñ䳡
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Ҳ˵ɪҪΪܵܿ@Ъͷ顣
ģɪĻͬ˵еڱнطɱ

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ĻŰһȸԾģɪеŭңȻս˫ȭ˵ʥŮҺΪȥһЩ顣Ӧ֪ѿƣ׷⡣
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ȻǵĴ˵ˣǲû뿪ǡ
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һʱ䣬ȫЦǸо·ѾҶΪطʬһĻ

ͬʱٸԾƵꡣ
աԲʦ޳ԺӥҶھƵȴط硣
УҶϣȺǰŵݵķ
Ҷ뿪һСʱˣҪҪȥطأ
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áҶҡҡͷⳡ

·Ϊ˻ӦҶƵģһ죬Ŵ򿪡
ط߳˵ݣ


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ֳûгȡЦ˶֪ɪǰţơµĺݻĲγ˽Ȼķ
һУȻȫѧʷᣬΪɪһ֮޷ӱֶܵͻ֮ȥӰ
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ʤΪΪܡ
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776 Ӧ֮ʼ
׶أĳһ
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һ죬ǽϵҺĻ˲ѣһء

Ů˵ļС
һ˿ҵ÷ֱͻһĻŵûʧɫ˫Ŷ䣬һֻŵؿſЪ
ڸղţЪӵһ绰ͨ㽫ֻݺݵ˦˳ȥҺʾϣ
ģôܻ
û÷ֵļУЪ˻ţһͷҰޡ
һУֻΪղŽӵ绰֪ĸ磬λ͢ʥʿЪδػ̡ɪЪȫѧط磬ұطұۣۡ
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ĸˣ³ܲҡԼЩˣδԼţƣ
ֻţΪĸ磡
Ǹӵǿֵĸ磬ЪλˮǴߣɼδӰ֮һΪŷĳЪ廹׼ȢӢҵĹĪݿӶǿЪҵĹϵ
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£÷ԸеĽȫ¶ڿ
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һ֮÷ֺʶȤؼнͣͬڸ߳ʱн˫
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Ϊԣֻı켣壬ǿ
ûи飬а飡
ǵĹϵ򵥶⡪ȡ裡
޷ӶԷϻȡԼҪĶ֮ʱǷֵ֮ʼ

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ڹɶϣǾоջһΪط粻ܱڣȻܸɪ
Ϊȫѧŵɪˣ³ʮֲң
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κһҵ˵ѣ
̹رȫѧھ⸶̿ڣ
ݵľ˾ϰ侲
Ȼطɪⳡԣʹ˾ûпǮӯʮ𡪡һʼͶעطڵĿ֮⣬ĿͼһߵͶעɪ
ϰ壬ʼ֮Ǿ͹ر˹ھͶע̿ڡַɿػӦ
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˾ϰԣ˿һ䣬Ȼ֪ͨйɶҪٴٿɶ飬ƶⳡӦ֮ߡ
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Ŀǰƣ˾ļҲʹ˾ԣͨȫѧӮǮǲܵˣֻ뾡һа취ٿ
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ˣЩͶעطùھĶĿҲͨԳ塱ֶδﵽӯĿġӯ٣ĳעҪ
֪ǣⳡӦŸոշ͡
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׼ȷ˵һ죬û֪
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2018729գطʥ˵ñ䳡ǴȫѧĶš͢ɪ
ǳĽ磬Ǹʱû뵽ǳ־Żط̨ı䣬ӰʷĽ̡ط統ʱˣͻһӣ


777 һ
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ȻһͶעʮңղʹ˾8ʣʹ˾⸶ڡ
׬Ǯ⣬ȥȥ

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յİţȻطϢһᣬȻһȥԷףطʤ
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طֱԣôЩһһֺ
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治֪Ǹ˵Ҹϴ裬ûϰطŲϵ
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š
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ȥæɣҵĽݱȻػĸ칦
£ѩǾͻȻһƽߣʲô
ط״ȻĶ


778 ɱطնݣ
ͬҵһӢҵĳԱиԵҪæֻҪղŻ۲ͣƽټ档
ӢҹݿĳĻĴʹƽᱼȫأƶͯװġ
꣬ǸСμӰĻùңѾܡƣطȳӶط
Ϊϵطȫѧϵı֣ΪٹĶԼһʱ䶼ûгȥ׶עȫѧһһ
֪طɪɹһֱ̣ȻһֻСԼķֱ
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ٹ˵ӵ˵⣬ӣһߡ
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ӣ㱻طͷԡǵĻӦ뵽ҪڣҲҪȵȫѧط֮󣬶ڡ
ټ״ЦһȻ󻰷һתҽ㣬һ顪¶ԣӦһǳõϢ
ʲʲôϢݿһ㶡
ؿǣҾܾЪס㲻ü޸ˣ˵

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һΪطɪ
ݵ𾪹ݿͻȻµеԵɣȻ˲侲ףû´ĻӦܾЪףЪȡÿȢҵļƻɣ
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˵ȴǰԼطĶȫѧھô죿

ͬʱ
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ŮŮ˫ͨ죬ϲۣһտ޹ģұʮˡ
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̾˿ԣϣɪıģϣܵط磡
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ͷȻϲɪȷʵûбҪȥ̼ɪ
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̻˹뷿䣬һԣͻȻʵ

Ȼ˹ĻֱӾԭأЩŵصͷߺ˫ֽСǰŮһ㣬ŵò֪λش
ԭҴ㽫޸ط磬Ȼ㲻ԸĻǾˡ
ҡԸ⣡
һΣ˹Ļ˵꣬㼤ش˹ĻǸо˹ı⡣

˹״±ˣ̲סЦֱЦͨ죬վֻҪطܹĶ֣ȫѧĹھҾ޸
һԶڵģ
߬ŷȭžµϳڴ

ͬʱ
ȫѧѡڵľƵꡣ
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ںٵִƵ֮ǰһֱڱչأûȥطɪı
죬ٳٲأҶЩıˡ
ھƵķ飬ǿЦſ˸ЦȻָ鱨˵ıɫֱطڵһлɪɪʧȥһֱۡɪ˺صˣһ书ܷסδ֪
Ŷüͷһʶʵطͻƻˣ
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ҡҡͷ׷ʱѾã֪мսͬѧ硣
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꺣ٵĳۣϵľȽȥȡ֮ɭЦݡ
죬ڵʵǲвİȫˣԥһʵ
٣ͻƻڣܻвңɱնݣ
Цһһ޿֡
ȻطȺɱɪڵĶǿߣоĻط磡
׼ȷ˵ǻɱ
ֻһ˿Ի뿪䳡


779 бħ
طشȫѧŽ͢ɪɹ
طɪļСʱϢȫѧ硢ᣬ顣
طԴӳްܼԽնɱͬвˣǵһѧţ
ҸΪǵһѧţǽһѧţ
Ŀǰ˵طǵһѧŻе磬ȫѧھʸ
Ǹ㼺Ϊطһһ˵սԽնɱȫƵȫѧһŵΪҪľ¶ۡ
˭ΪطȫѧĶ֣飿Ħ᣿
۵ǿʼһ㣬ȻٽĿ۽ٸԡ
㣬ҪӡĦʥ˵ñ䳡б䣬ʣһ
ȻⳡԶԶطɪĹעôߣϾǰԹż
ʮ֣ټʥ˵ñ䳡ɽ˺˲ѡ͹֮⣬طˡ
䳡ĴĻϲĦ֮ǰеľʻ档
˱ķܴͳͳһɱȫ·ĦÿһζԷɳ񹥻ֱ޷ֵ䡣
ħӣǹڶǵӡ
ʮ֣Ħȳڱ䳡ϡ
֮ǰҲÿǰǳȲڴʼ
ɴһɫģŷ飬ԶԶȥмֵõɮķ緶
ӵʱ׼ʱͬһһŹߣһɫ磬Ųսѥ
飬Һܺ棬Ϊʲôһֱߣ
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ûʲôϵҺ뿴ʵĿһڱժߣĦηӭĿ⣬ԾԾԵ˵
Ӧ汣Ի߳䳡
΢΢˫ۣɱէ֣֮гɱ⡣
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ȫѧѾˣϣٿһ֮սһԼС
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ź۲еĻ£ĦἸͬʱųŵڵٶȼ졣
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Ħᱻоѡ
һ㶯ӡȷΪǿѧ٤Ӳƴ·硣

·Ϊ˻ӦĦƵģ鲻ͣ˲ĦǰȭٴκХ
ĦûӲƴֱӳˣ
ղӲƴһǣ·磬ѪȣھЩң޷ӳǿսֻܱܿķâ
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һΣȫѻȸ
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ûд𰸡
ͬʱٸԾƵꡣ
طϥڴϣ˹ˡ
Ϊɪһս˲ˣ˼࣬ûȥĦıǷոҩ˹߻ҩЧˡ
ৣ
֪˶ãط˫ۣüͷţЩء
ΪƲᣬȻҩˣȬ
⽫ɷǳصӰ졪˳ս޷ӳǿʵ
顭顭
ʱű졣
طɿüͷȥţҶγſڡ
ʤˣ˲ʮбӡĦᣬƼأпһ书ҪҶȿڣ֪طĦı
ţ
طüͷٴӿֳ޷εľ㵡
Ȼµʤ˿϶飬û뵽龹Ȼ˲ʮбشĦᣡ
С磬κ𣿡
طӾлعҶٴοʵ



780 ðɽθ
Ӧ
طͷȻʼߣȫѧĵһϳ顣
ҶԣĬƶν뷿䡣
ΪĻȫѧһšһкȻھۣν̹٣ȣȻ֪طκ֮ĶԹ
ȥκӡĦıҷϢκڲ߶ҩսǰ£ʵɪصᵽûӡĦıжռɱС
Ҷ뷿䣬ٴο˵֮⣬㣬κżḻɱ顣仰˵ɱ飬㡣
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ܹսʤɪǹʽ졯֮⣬̶̷ܴḻɱ飬һɪϵɪ֮£ͻȻɱ죬ɪһֲմɪ˱ʤ
仰ɱʱɪý͢ѧս֮ռɱսնĻܹռϷ磬Ҳ޷شɪ
һ˭ñʤ˵
аջô
طı仯ҶЩĵʵ
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طһһΪǷ·Ҳı
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ѡΣͨԺд裬ѡľˣûľ˻ɱԣŹ涨Ͻͷɲѡζˣ˵չңΪ֤ԼǿԼսѡͬɱ֣ѵ֮͵Ϯңⲻ𣿡
طһһ˵⣬Ҹ㣺ǰ֮ս㣬ڣȻ

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ΪǸطȻ˶̵ʱͻƣôȻ֮ǰ㳢ԹͻƣŰٷ֮ٵİգ
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ģô׿ڸңڰᱣ֤ʤģ𾪹󣬹ɫѿ
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ٴֵĻصɫÿһЩ
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ΪҪǣ˾Ļϰǰ绰δĹ취öĿͶעط硣
Ҳ˵طջʤʹ˾⸶ٶ࣬ҲĹʧţ
ϰ壬ô죿Ҫ̽⸶𣿡
ۿز˵ֿѣղʹ˾ĹһҪ⸶öĿ͸ܵʹ˾
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⸶СͶעͶע֪ͨ
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鲻һܾܹģҪٿɶ飬óҪ׼
ϰ壬ЩͶעĶĿż⸶أԥһʵ
ǣΪͶעĶĿʵ̫࣬Ҫ˳⸶Ҫһʱ䡣س˵
һԣʹ˾Զע⸶ǰʱԽͶעԽ⸶
õģϰ壡
˳˹صİ칫ңȴЩܹͶעĶ˲õĴǵܹ˵ô
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޷˵ЩͶעĶĿͣЩĿµĻͿԾ̸뿪ʹ˾ˡʧȥݴѵĹ
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ɻĵɵġ΢ȺַǷ
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һðݷԵϰĺ٣Ҳ֪ˡ
ҿ׼ҶһäĿΡҼ֤һ·ս޲ʤңֵ¸Ӧ
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ԲӣС飬Ļˣ뿿ĲܵģҲˡ
ϸ۽ҲðˣǶԣͶעֻǶһ֧֣ӮǮΪĿġ
ЦĪ档æص
ǲԣһ־;춯ذȫѧս˻ѧķɣҲ˸˵Ϊȫѧһһˣϸ۽ٴηԣһ̾
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Ϊֵ¸ڣджڽλп֮طһ죬ڻƬϣٴĴ磬ҲҪнβˡţǻţ
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͵ȵ׷طĴԺӵܶԣֻںһ㣺طӮˣ˶ѣ
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ǸɵСɵȺȺ׷طСԶעֲֻᣬֻõ٩ķʽףطʤ
Ϊطɱ飬Ϊȫѧһһ˶ġ
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ϣĳ췹ԺףĳҲѣĳ͡Ϊһѡ
ĳһǽȵ컹ѣ
ϾȫʮˣһֻǸ˶ڽ£
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⡭ܲͬΪߵ𺳣
ͶעѪҲӮа
طȺϢŮķԺ󣬵٩ʽػӦ
壬ҺԣӮǮǮνҪ㲻£ܹŻǡʲôʱǸٰ칦磡
ȻȻӦһֱֻȺϢ
һΣطӦѩ㵯Ƶˡ
ԴˣطֻȽͨƵ졣
ɽϲ̨ĵһݳлĻ
ƵͨѩֻƵ΢ЦΪطϹأûἰݳ档
ѹկˣǰһ죬Ƶʱߵظ˵ӮñػΪ칦Ҫ𣿡
ֻ۾ҽˣ
ѩԣһˡ

طԶԡ
ط磬ģⱲӶģҪңʱԸ㡣ѡĻȵµһ죬Ůˣ
ѩٴοڣϵʧӰ٣ȡ֮һ飬֮гõ㽡
Ϊ֪طԣȫѧֻ̨ĵһݳǿ֮·ʼ


790 Ϊ㻶ϲΪ
ȫѧʱ磬ǧ֮Ļҹ
ϲ㣬ط硣
ͬһټĸֻвһıŵƹ⡣
УǶΪ̸񱻳ΪѸ18űƻͨ
ͬҹһŲ˿Ƶ˯£鷿İ칫ǰһߺźƣһŰ̳
طɱȫѧھ֮󣬰̳һʱⳡϸıûͼֻ֣Ҳ¿Ѫȡ
ؿйⳡı֮󣬶ƱȻߵߣҪĿͶǡ
ϲ㣬ط硣
ţţԺֳ︡طӰ鲻Խ˵
¹ӳž¶˵ؿûĺ⣬ȡ֮ϲá
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ܾ֮ǰôˣ֪²СĴ̼骣ǵ骲ģһֱûʣֱطȫѧھ֮ʳڡ
ҵģûиȥμȫѧ飬´ģһֱûϵװʲôҲ֪ʵص

骵øȻȻ󻰷һתʵ骣֪ھлɱ˭ô
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֯ȥʱƿɱսСӣɱһԱҲطսѣ
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һһ˵֪֮࣬гŽ
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һֻ̣Ϊطе

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ΪʲôҪأٹЦеطʡ
װĸף˼ǣطǼ޸ط磬㶼ᷴԣôݿɰʵס
ݿҲ㣬뷨ԳΪʵԶܷٹЦݣ˵
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װŮ㲻ңҲ㷴ڣҪ㡣
ٹ״һ뻪طǼ޸ҪһǰᡪԸ⣡ԸԸȢ㣡
š
ݿԣ˲뵽ʲô˵ͷϵĿЦݽȥ
֪ڶ׶صʱ㶼¶˶İ⣬һֱûʲôʾҲ˵㣬ϲ̸ϣ
ٹٴοڣȴһݿϣݿɫٴһ䡣
֮⣬ҵõϢطδޡδǻĳĺǵĻԼһģǻطʧȥɽϳؼңǵĻԼȻڣ֤ǵĸܺã򲻿ܱԼ
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ڶʲôݿüʵ
طãпܶ޷뿪ǡ
ٹһǣо˸ϸһ룬Щֵ֯ձɽձѧ磬кڰᡭ찡׿ձѧ粻˵Щɶȫǿĵ
طѾҪԸЩľģҲֹһڴЩĴ˺󣬵ڱ̬ҪôΪЩʲô
ৣ
ݿɫȻһ䣬һ˲üĿָŵǡ
Щ뾡һа취̵ʱڳط磬ʱ䣬пܾڽ
ٹڣ˵ԼԤԡ
ƹ£ݿеϲȫת˵ǣɫһƬҰף


791 ƾǿ
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ΪѴһ£Σط뿪ǣ


792 ʵ
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жϳɪظܵɪɱ⣬ط粢δ⣬ֻһۣջĿ⣬ʲôҲûƵģ¬ǰȥ

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Ƿݺɱ⣬ԴطϵһֱۣشһŴ̳£
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Ҳû뵽ԼղӿĻͷȻΪʵ


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ĸֱΪϵ۵ĳԸȢΪ޵ˣٸԳǡ
ӹ͹ʵ˵ٸԲֵһᣬȫйںܿλãͻڣдٸң׼ȷ˵ǲӽ͢
Ϊ͢ӵгʮڵĽͽͽ鲼ȫأҷǳϡ
û˿ЩͽһεȾ춯ص飬ҲûһҸ鷢
׿Ժյ֮⣬ӵоաħĺ͸߹ʣһսڵߡ
һУȫݰ
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̻˹һ䣬Ȼ󿴵طûлӦּһۿʱ;ر𣬺ױңϲ㡣
ৣ
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ΪһλǳСӣϰ뽫޸㡣̻˹ֲ
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Ǹ̻˹˵һֻǱ֮ʣԭԲ
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Ҹղ˵ЩҲһҪԭ򡣱ϾҲð޸һСˣǸҪǿС
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Ͼ԰˵νϲͰ鶼ǳĻֻ֡棡
ΪĳԲеڶֿܣ
Ӧòô򵥡
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Ϊɷ򣬰ǻĹϵ˵㽫Ϊ͢ţô
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ЩԾȻСˣһжҪˡ磬ֻαִʱЩţͳͳʧ˵
յĻ뵽ֻĵǿҶ
ط΢΢üͷǺֱûô򵥣

ͬһʱ䣬ٸԣ̻˹ס
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̻˹ͷȻһȥǸСӵʱձҰ޺ͺԿǶڶСӡʱȥ뿪ٸԾƵɣԱҪɱСӵľģͻȻ֮䲻㶯ˣδ̫˰ɣ
Ҳɻĵطüͷ˼⡣
˵᲻ǻĵֻǰˣˣЩ˾Իһʱӳǣ̻˹һ󵨵ļ衣
ᡣֻһֱˣǻĻ֯ĸˣҪһȫѧ˻᳤Լ١
ҡҡͷ˽̻˹Ĳ²⣬Ȼ΢΢۾˵ǰ¹˹пǱ
ৣ
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795 Ұ
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ȻܾӭȢܾܱ͢ãֳѧ츳ԣǵǰΨһ׷ϰ¹˹ˡӴֿǣҪšοǽͣ͢ڷ;бɱ͢Ҳÿ̻˹͡
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ڶСΪμȫѧһȫѧĹھɱȫѧίȫѧˣͬҲȫѧ˵ŭ
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÷ͷȻ㹬Ұ޺ͺ˻ɱط磬ҲὫȫѧ˵ŭڰϣӰ쵽¹˹ļƻͻ񾳣ƾǿֵͻҩһӦ̵ʱһͳȫ磬Ȼıĸ֣
һĸڰ𣬻ߵľǿ䣬԰¹˹˵һʧ
÷壬ֽͨѧ羫һͻƵơһ᳤ʱıչأҪ֯顣
¹˹һָʾһ֯ЩоԱƻҩҪʵ飬취ڷĳһս
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ģ֤񣡡
÷һʱȻʵ죬ǻҪ˶ԸǸطĻ𣿡
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꣬Ϊ˵õҩǿΧҶҶУ
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ط˫ȭգڣ󣬵ᶨ
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ͷȲյطˣ뿪գУطҶȺǰ档
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ߣʲôʱͻƻٷ
ʦѵ㿴˼С磬ڻܻͬвˣͻ˻ڣǵè˼˼һ𣿡

ԣʱˣԶԡ
ԣȥҲҪչأҪ㳬Խط磬Ҫ׷طĲҪ˦̫Զ޳ҲˣΪô򡢾ʾԵĺʱԲܴ
Ǹ̬ôȣСֹţûзԡ
ô˵ҲǹҼҵĴˣǻѧ콾ԼĽҲһǿߵģϣԼܹǿͬʱҲ֪֪֮޷طᲢۡ
طֵܣ˴һټ֪գءһǵԼȵΪһսʱѡأһս
䡢ԲͬӥȲԲڱ޲ߣˡ
˫ȵؿط磬ϳŶ־
Ȼطȫѧչֳʵܴûоǿסѹط統еһɽͼѹΪȡгһܹԽɽ
ãҵ㣡
طͷȻӥļʾ
һĻҶһ̫ķˣҲ
һο
һȫѧط粻¶ھչ˻ߵķɣ˻ѧҫͬʱҲ侪޵ıִ̼ӥԺ콾Ƿ׷ϣ˺ܺõĴͷá
ִͷջһʮʮ٣ڻѧһ֮γɼҵľΧԻѧķչδԶ壡
ݵĽ̸֮طһͬͨڣȻֵ
ţ
ţţطͻȻԼһĿɨȥȻһϤİӰ
ꡣ
ĸףδĿߣ
СʱطڴԺﾭ꣬ԺסȺطĴָȵȥ˲֮Ҳûм
ˣһϳ꣡
괩һɫɫƤЬ飬ŹİͲ豭͵Ĺٳ䡣
Ϊطһ̫ۣղžͿط磬˿̿طĿɨæջĿ⣬ɫ࣬
һУֻΪطμȫѧ֮ǰĵظ֤طԻȫѧıС
ط粻¶ھҫһڻ
һУһͱѣǽһʹ࣡
ʹ֮࣬ͼԶط磬ӿŲ飬Ѹ˻ͨ
ৣ
Ȼ
Ӻ󣬵һ߳ͨʱɫȻһ䣡
Ϊؿ򸾾վڻͨӻ
쵼ôˣ
鿴ͣ½ŲɫȸղżطʱҪѿкɻ󣬵˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻ򸾡

֣Ҳһͬʱжʮֵͬ顪ͶطҲͰˣȻطĸĸ
鷢ͬʱ꺱ͷ첽ȥַʽΣ򸾶˵Ƥӵߡ
νʲôʲô
ڿ첽ȥͬʱһֱ򸾣ؿ˵Ŀɨ
һֻ̣򸾶˵Ŀгųâڱ޲Ҹضȥ
ٴμӿŲǴ̵ʿսͬʱʼվ򸾶˵Ŀϡ
Ȼ
ʵϣȻϳ꣬δЦҲֻɨһۣջĿ⡣
Ϊǵ˼ȫԼطϣ
С磡
Ƭ̺򸾿طҶ߳ͨĺһ鲻Խط硣
ܵĿ죬޲óȫ
ĸ׵ĺطͣ½ŲνһԵգȻĸӭ˹ȥ
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ⲻûǸʲôô˿أ
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ΪĸףĺӵİΣ
ǲӦΪӿӦΪе
ۿᱧط粻֣ĺ󱳣οţȴԼ۾
صľүǣһ̣ͬԽ
Ķӣĸ档
һ졣
Ǹӿؼҳ˿˥꣬ҫȫѧ֮ҫ


798 ؼ˵ķӦ
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һæµһ͸ŵĲĸӶˣĿĵЦݣԴ˳ˡ
ߣԷ
ĻЦŷ²豭ط֣Ȼȥþơ
ܿģƿعę́һƿƷ˲ϣҲһ˲
裬ôˣܳ𣿡طЦõʡ
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ЦŽ⿪ΧȹǸоطĵ顣
С磬֪㲻ڵʱûôڿ죬ÿˣҴʱ򶼲ȥʳý߿࣬Ц⣬֮⡣
еĳԾͲˣһ
ЦЦƿȫ򿪣Լطǰһƿęֽ́ƿƷǰÿһƿ಻١
С磬ӦðʦԷġ£һ߸Լƣһ˵
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һ䣬ȻƱһһףСȫѧھ
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һ̣ײһ𣬷һ졣
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Ϊطݺݵزڽ£ٵ;ƵؽµǸǶطνǺ֮ǣһֱڹעطĶ̬ڴطԱĻ
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ط˵ҫͬʱҲǶؼҵķ̣
֣Ȼ˵ĻǸȥүү̸ɣ
븸һȥؽؽһ֧֣;»صͨ
С
ҡͷ飬һǰүүʾˣүүŵĽ죬ôģ
ɡǣүү鲻õĻпʵ䷴˵Լɡ
һΣû˵
Ҳһ㣬µͬϲòҲûа취
طǸ쵰
ۿ˵̲ס˦ط硣
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Ӻӿڰоע£ǼʻרʻӣؼҴԺſͣ
˾Сǣˡ
ؽȫصſڵȴǸ³æӭϡ
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æʺãȫȻؽ飬ҲǸҼѾǣպǰ;
鷳ˣôǡ
鷳׳鷿ءȫЦЦ
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ԣȫףֱӴǲĺԺֱؽ鷿ȥ
鷿ؽȻžװǰûа칫ļϣ컨壬ֱ󣬲Żع񣺡
֨
鷿Ӧǲ鷿
֡
үү
Ⱥʺãǵûվñֱ¼ϼʮֵࡣ
һУֻΪؼҼҷϣؽЩϸҪΪϸ
ҲСʱϲطԭ򡪡ʱطվûվࡢû࣬һɵӣͬϵƦһ㡣
Ȼ
ʿյĿ
طѽȣ


799 ζӳ
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֣Թ𣿡
ûֱӽ⣬ѡļҳѵķʽ򿪻ϻӡ
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ղ˵ǹͻʵڵθһ֮δ޻ռҵ̽ԴʣԵصķչGDP˾޴Ĺס
ûжãǴкͶȡʲô
ۿ֧֧᲻˵ؽһ֮ǰ࣬ŵ˲
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ǹٳСѧʡԵĻԶҪ쵼ܵʱ֣пܻᱻ쵼סһӣ
ģط˵
ܿģǸŸ߳ؼҴԺ̲סԹһ䣬˴ֿڣ֪Ƕôơ
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üѵһ䣬Ҳǽ˦ط硣
ΪطӰ쵽ؽ飬ǸӶҲڱؽǸϲӬһ˳
󣬾͵Ǹ뿪ͬʱؽؿϣſյ鷿
ймҹ棬죬Ϊ̫үͻȻȥʧصǰ˸ղЩ飬ҿԭ㣬ӽƵ飬ҹ洦áȣؼҳ
⣬Ҳ㣬ӽԼǵԼţҪָ˸Ǿܣ
෴ΪؼĨڣɼҹ洦ãΪɣܷɵƲáֲʱŻ
үүллѣҪ˵һ㣬ǴûаʲôҲǰʲôģ۹ȥڣδҶΪԼΪ𡪡Լѡ·¹Ҳ꣡

ţţؽĶϲɵػص˵طĶԻ
һ졣
ɽͻȻȥؼһңطһ鷭ǣؽִؼҾѣ
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졣
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ǸΪؼӵ꣬Ϊ˺ѧ;ҫΪ˸ǸΪº͵ľм⵶Ҷȫѧಫһջùھҫ
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800 뾡һа취ɱط磡
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ͬʴһı׼Ҳͬײ㹤Աֵֻܷ70-90ķӣϵĸɲԷֵ180ƽϵĴӣʡǿԷֵ
ڵλĸλĻڣڴ˺Ӻϣ¥һΪ׳ۡ
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죬ٿ飬ֻһζԸطǸС
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ͷӹ⣬һһΪǸС¼·һɱ֮ˣϰնݳ֮ǰɱСڣǾҽ𣡶ѾٴαǿˣܿɳǾҶԣԲʲô£
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Ʒٴοڣ䣬ȻԭҵĴǣǽʣǸСǲˡǱʲô˵ҪǸСɱҡ֮У
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һ㣬ҿǵˣҲҽǾۼԭ򡪡һıߣһȫеķȱ֤ԻɱǸСܱΪѧĹкͻ֯ж
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ƷͷӿֳŨҵɱֱط̣뾡һа취ϧһдۣɱǸС󻼣


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ף骣ôͻȻ֮Ǳ˸Ƶģʲôˣ
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ֶҡҡͷȻָһ¥ϵŮĸǶǼƷǴɫ·ǸǣֱǼƷеļƷ԰⣡


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á
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812 ·ת
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Щɻǰ飬ط綼ڹģԼֻҪ˼ȥܹ̽̽ģϢطֵ¸ռ˽ܵķû֪ôŶԡ
ֵ¸ռŻ֯ӷĿǰѱֶܾˡһྩֱܾʵʩأȻ󿴵طΡ
ͣȻس쵼Ҫֵ¸գܲطΪɣط綨ɼֵ¸յͬȻطץ
̫ˣû㹻֤ݣʲôΪǽϵİè˰ڲû
쵼ѵĶԣ̫뵱Ȼˡ
˵ţаûڲѣ޲øԼӡܲסλļɻ䣡
겻ٷϻֱӹҶϵ绰Ȼͨ˾ҼƷĵ绰
ܵί֮Ϊ˷ȡϵھլ䱸ǵ绰
ϣǷõôˣ绰ͨʵ
ǸʱûóƵķ
Ʒ̾˿طع֮֯ҺĳԱٿ˼飬γط磬κطڻѧλȣЩͶû÷
и顭
ƷĻ겢δǸһ顣
𣿾֪ǸصСǸֵ¸չϵĽ飬Ʒһɡ
ϣĸƤӵĶΪ棬ӡֵܡ޷ĿɳıȱȽǣονѣ
Цݺٳʮ̫꣬˵żΪ͸⣬ߣһΣǱһ


815 ӼҪҧˣ
峿Զ³ǰ׵ʱ򣬼ֵ¸մӴ
ʵϣշת࣬һҹδ˯
Ϊ֪Լĺڽ۹ӭһΣǴãڽ۹֮·Ҳߵյ㡣
𴲺󣬼ֵ¸մ򿪵ƣȻվڴߣ͸϶ŶƵʮķ䣬ٴο˽ܾ־Ӱ
֣ͫ׶ȻϾ˼֡
ԡҳ˸裬ȥһƣȻһ˶˷䣬ʼ
ϰ֮һһգ״򲻶
Ϊһҹδ˯Եʣûѡܣڱڵͬɢ
ɢͬʱһֱñڻԪйעܣٴηб¾ǡ
ȻԷصúܺãȻԪˡ
üֵ¸յɫѿ
Ϊ󣬴ݽյľ𴲺ڵΣڳ뿴ķչ
ߵӣֵ¸ջصƵꡣ
磬ʲôֵ¸յķ䣬żɽʡ
𴲺󿴵¥Ȼ˶أʱҲ˸šֵ¸ɫѿ˵
磬жǶԵģط粢ɽ𻢣ǹֽƷ鵰⣬ء˾춢ء꼡֮󣬻᳷߶صľ졣
ɫͬѿԭֵ¸ѾˣطǽƷôǾѡᳵ˧ʹƷ⹰ø档
ûлش𣬼ֵ¸ճĬһƵ̡
磬Ȼ˵ĻǱҪѡˣҪжпྩ߲ȥѵ
һΣûл͵ءֵ¸ճĬΣ̣ش
һΣû˵ʲô
Ϊֵ¸ʮּɵطΪС
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˵ӵʱ򣬼ֵ¸ڻƵĺԺſڵȵط硣
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ٴϵĵǸϣֵ¸һηؿط磬΢΢Ϲ
ָ磬鲻ǶѾȥ𣿡
طҡҡͷϼֵ¸յĻȻؿһ۳·¾ĸŮַʽѼֵ¸գԼ뵱ų·¾ĸŮ˵̸Щ顣
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ֵ¸ռ״Լµط⣬ԥһ£޵ʵ˫ֱؿط磬ȴطĻش
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£ط粻ȼֵ¸ջػֱֵ¸ղų·¾ĸŮͣ
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磬ô
ԺĺԺԺ￴ֵ¸һģѾ֪˽ȻЩĵʵ
Ӽ˻ҧأΪһС¾ҪϾɱûôף
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һУ׷ͻ룡
ֵ¸յĻֵ¸ɭɱ⣬ףֵ¸˺Ҫһطģ
·Ϊӡ֤жƵģֵ¸ֱóֻͨһ绰
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Ӻ󣬵绰ֵͨ¸ȿڡ
ĺڽ۹˺ڽ֮⣬ʯն趼⡣
Уʯռϰгնֱ¢ϣʶΪʯ֮ն֮
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ȻҵͬҺͼּҶϵĴ壬ֵ¸뾰Ȼʶֻн
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ϹĻʱԣصĻҪˡһȴɫػӦ
ʦྩ֮ǰܸϵϹ󣬵ȵϹʱ͵ص㡣ֵ¸ԣһȻ˵Լİš
á
ֺܸɴشӦ
üֵ¸вһϲû뵽־Ȼˬ죡
֪ǣҾ֣Ҳ
֮ͨ󣬼ֵ¸յһʱ뿪һʱϵԼĸ硪Ʒ塣
磬ղżֵ¸ϵˣҪҳԷ绰ֱͨ
Ŷ
Ʒԣһ̲ס̾ԹȨıõǵң⻰һҲ١񰡡
磬˼ǣֵ¸ǣͨǸң
Ĳ²⣬ҿ϶˿ƷĻ̲סʵ
֮⣬ûϵ㡣
Ʒһ϶˵ȥʱ򣬴װͿȷû̸֮顣
סӦȻʵǱ߻˵𣿡
áֻҪҪ̡
Ʒٴοڣ֮гɱ⣬صС뿪˼䣬ٸ绰ϲ


816 ˲˵
ϹϹʡʡᣬСֳǡ֮ڹɽ֮϶ϵĳ֮һȫ̬жȼγС
ϹϹҵѡ̽͹ٳеӰ֮أѾѿԱӰӡ
һУֻΪ漸ǰ͹ԱӴͲμҵĹ涨вΪع涨֮ñӣ;ֱӽη
Ϊߵĳ̨ĵĸߵܵ˳ٸߵֱӵա
ϹϹܵӰСĸߵû֮һ
Ϲ濴ۣȴж죬İܴ󣬸߶˴ĴԲϵˮƣƽĲ;ߣһʾݻ
ֵ¸ս뾰ֵĵص㶨Ϲ
ʱ򣬼ֵ¸ڲİȺ򣬱ڻԪڲſӭӾ֡
ڼֶ
ûиżֵ¸Ϲ
֮⣬ֵ¸Ҳûи߼ֶԼҪطĵ顪ĶӼֶͲϡ
Ǽֶ֪飬ֵ¸յıڻԪҲڹ
Ϊֵ¸յҪطĵϢǰȥǽΪкڽ۹ѣ
ʮֳ֣˳ִ˲ȻɻԪ·˰ᡣ
ʦ겻ɫԽԽˣΪĵһҽʦ
ֽţֵ¸æһ΢Цʢޣһӭȥ
ܣɱҰ
ֵ¸յĻżֵ¸һģֱֵúǫѷͬʱҲֵͨ¸յķָӼᶨԼ羰Ʒжϡֵ¸뱧ҵĴȣ
һͬʱ⿴ԪʶȤ뿪˰ᣬ֪Ǽֵ¸հŵģҲ˾ȥˡ
ʦģҿûɱʵǡڻģ˭֪ʦĴֵ¸մž֮󣬼ƨ
ܣһҲѷɫҰԣǲҪɱԷˡЦǺǵػӦ
ãӣ÷Աϲˣ
ֵ¸ԣЦȻļ򣬺ȥԱϲˡ
ܿ죬Ա㽫˶ˣڵę́
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ҲǻķֵɫһٷƺüСʱľôӣô仰
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ᡣ
ЦҡҡͷشúֱܽӾܾԵòӣ˵ĻԲ飬ֲʧڡ
ʦǰʱռҵҲšΪռϲޣȴû뵽ǽһǿơǾҿɽ֮ǿҺĽռֶξֵ¸˼̣ٴοڡ
һΣûм٩ǽ
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ֵ¸ܴͣûֱ˵ңþұĿɽ档
Ҳϸڵ֡óȻἰңþָͽ䱸
طҪأ
΢΢һֵ¸յ仰ЩԤϡϢҲ֪顪ֻǸ߾Ʒ壬Ҫֵ¸գ
ʦ˵ϣҲˡطΪҶð˵飬ֱӸҷ˵ҪþԸңҸϾɱҴྩϹһ·٣Ҷ˶ӣỹ˶ء
ֵ¸˵ţͣһ£Ȼ΢΢۶ž֣˵ĵ˾ѣ̹ϣҲóҵĳ⡣
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ȷа취ɱط磿
ֿˣٴװͿҪֵ¸մ򿪴˵
ȷ
ֵ¸պܼᶨصͷ
طǾһǿˣǾѪǾȻҲϣļƻĿеĻԸϣ޷֤˵ĿɽǷӻ㡣ֻ㱣֤ţܷͶҪԼı£˵
ʦĻʧȥ塣ΪûпɽıӻҼɱط磬Ҳı䲻ҵˡֵ¸ҡҡͷ
ɣ㽫ƻңеĿɽ㱨һ£ô˵ļƻУͬӻ㣬Ǿͺ㿴ôֵ
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ֵ¸ԣٲҴţԼֵķһһʮظ˾֡
ţţֵۿʼ⣬üĿָҲӿֳ˷֮ɫ
ΪǸֵ¸յļƻɹĸʺܴ
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817 ڤڤ֮
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طͻصסʱѾˣȴûһڽڴϣŴͷ
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ЦҡҡͷЦЩȻȥЩƲ֡
骣ҡط״ߵͷ骵ߣ˵ɣʲôˣ
㡭ͼֵ¸պ𣿡
طĻŽߵط磬骳һ£ʵ
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ǵĹϵӦò㲻ῴڼֵ¸յϷŹӡ
뵽ǰưɷ飬Ȼ̾˿㻹ǵҸ˵ҹ۵𣿡
ǵá
طͷϰĶȭص֮Ӧȥ骵סԷ骺ȴˣ¶骵Ĺ۲ڶУ骶Ե˳˳ӣҲǵʱŰ۵Եɡ
Ҳһ죬ھƾĴ߻£סΪطŮˡ
Ҹ˵ҹΪһȻ󱻶ϣ󱻶ߣܼʹȥ
ٴἰ˴£Ȧ΢΢죬֮г˸Уܿ죬Ƿ˸оͱޣҹ۵ʵϰĳϣɱĶǼֵ¸յˣ

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Ҳͬ˵ھưɵǸǼֵ¸յĶӡ
˵ţ̧ͷطοӣط磬Ҹ˵ЩΪҶֻϣ㣬ܹӦҵ顪ԶҪ
İɣҸ˵ȾɼǲܵģⱲӶܡ
ط˵ţ§뻳УȻʵɱ۵Ǹֵ¸յ½ʲô
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˵һ֣Ȼ뵽ʲô˵·֮󣬾ŭϧһдҪץ壬ӵ˹⡣˵ڻţȻΪֵ¸鱻֮󣬼ֵ¸սµĶƷ⣬帺𣡡
˵ʲôʱܱ鰸ܷɵƲã˵һ⣬Ǹо޲ǰȥץ塣
ˡ
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Ϊ鲻ѣطྩͣһ졪ռƻҪضȻͺҪ칦ףȫѧھ
֮ǰų·¾ĸŮྩǣʽ˹ʹ˳ǡ
عĵ죬طĸضִﶫʱǰ
ﻮŸ칦ȴྩңûˣ
ȻԵվط磬֮ûиطɫǸطһۣ֮гŴԹ
⼸¶ࡣطЩεЦЦ
Ѿõط칦ˣҴȥˡ
ȻΪط̫٣ȻЩԹǸ˾Ӷ࣬˵칦һüɫ裬ЩСź治ܲμӣ
ΪͶעطȫѧھһϵ̬Ȼָ߶һ£˹ϵѸ£ѾǺýˡ
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ţһֱĸһֱûϢȻ̲ס̾˿
ĳ˵мƣҲϵѸµһҪԭ


ɽׯı
洩һɫ³ȹڱ̨ϣһһغȾơ
Ϧ̨ϣ˿ؿϳűˣϳ˺֮⣬Ƭ
磬Сʱ˵չһӣ˵ǻûãǱֿˡǺòؾۣ뿪ңһ˶ԻϣһµĽɽ
潫һƹ֮ϵƬţ̾˿һߣĺڽ۹һѵ飬µй綦֧֣Ҳĸоܵ޷סµĶ
ΣҲˣҿشʦ
˵ԺﲻֳطӰٱˣǴżСŮеϲɬ
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˵ĵ̾˿磬⼸꣬һֱѰ䣬ûѶֱ軹ţһҵǵģ
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¾ƱֻһǼֵ¸յ磬㰴½
С㣬ҸһϢ绰ֵͨ¸ȿڡ
ʲôһ㶡
ҵĸˣֵ¸˵

澪ֱվΪֱ̫ײǰӣƿ۸񲻷ƵƵڵϣƿˤ˷飬ˮһء
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ȴûᣬǴվϦ£˺üӣſʵģ
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á
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818 ͣ
ȹĹʼ1998꣬Ǿ׼ʡ԰ռ160Ķϣ׻ɽи߾ķɽΪУÿѶֱͨ˺ӡ
ĹΪȡˡ۰̨ͬڵʿ֮أʶȡȹĹǺõĹ֮һ
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ϰ˵㣬𣬳䣬΢·Եɰرáɳɳ졣
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ȻѾֵ¸κιϸ𣬵ȻˣҲþܾ
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СԺǶ֪ĸ֮һλڲɽ£ųԣڲɽʹ԰ųǽԼ800׵ľ롣
СԺķӹ֮󣬺ܿ㱻һգҰϰ
Ϊļֵ¸գڶСԺһױλõһס
ҲӲӡ֤ʵȨ졣
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ֵ¸մžʦˡԾҵѩɡ
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ѾڷɻˣԤĸСʱִ
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һΣط绹ֻǻڣԵĵձ񹬱Ұ֣


819 Ϲ
ʱһӰ͵ϻ8000һֻСһڿзС
Ӱ͵ϻ8000ʮ֪˽˷ɻ֮һۼԼ42ǧɼôӰ͵죬ݻĿͲǿĺؽһ߷ٶȿɴ0.90գɴ10˿͡
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һս㽫ǰ׼õķ˶˵طǰȻʵܡǺȾƻϣ
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ս΢Цͷܿ콫׿ˮϡ
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827 ӵ
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828 Ī
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ĸȻǻ֪ĺ춥֮һڻģţƵ̽ǰҲҪһͷ
˵һ㣬ڻĵɵһ˱̽Ҳһ̽
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طЦһͬ˾棬ҲĳЩˣǹ߻𣬶Է٣


834 Ψؼҳ
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ޱشȴǺ棺ƶشʦܲˣشʦô
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淢֮Ϊƣδ޴飬ȴᣡ
Ϊոճ֮󣬶Ͷƴ¼棬ڻӦڱ̬ȡطˣ

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835 ˻ϲ
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һڡ˷ܲѵͬʱһֱܾྩɣҹϡ


836 
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һѺԱֻЩսȥûǩġ
Ѻ˷ָѾǩ˴ڽܼԺڽܷԺоġ
ѺﷸָԺѾѾʱѺڿȴ̼ġ
ط缸ڵڶ֣ڵȴԺ
һѺ˷ͬǣǼ˶ǵһᡣ
ڿǼټģ
˵ÿ8-15ˣߴ20ϡ
ط类ĵ峿ѺԱù֮󣬿ʼ½зŷ硣
νŷ磬ǿճҪ㡢ʱ䣬ڸר÷ŷ糡أ֯ѺԱŷ硣
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һ˴һڶмΪĻɫۣĿ࣬˫޳̫Ѩ߸߹ڳһ۱ɿԷһӡ
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λ쵼Ҵȥİ칫ҡ
칫βɺյĿ⣬ΨΨŵŵ˵
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840 
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ͬ˵һﳹɵˣ
˼һ㣬ӲŵؿɣǸо·ʣطôִ
ǸɱûĵŷɥѪϴձ磬񣬱ΪĵĻ̸ˣôִ

Ҳһ±ƣ˲˵Ǿ仰ĺ壡
ߣ׿¼˵ǰµУⱲӶ߳Һпֱܻӱǹ
ʱһοڣֱӻеĻ룬ڸ³ŵˣϵСӶ㲻ϡĳŵûκ壡

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㣬Լšˡӱǣ
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ǹ䣬Ѳܻͷ


841 ط
һԣѶﷸ̵ֿһ߱Ļͬһ㽻зʵ

ҵ㣬ߴߴ磬߳ױʵ˱ĳЩԱ򷭹֤ݡ
Ѷ֮ɡȺ˼ֵ¸աˣõ˵֤ʣȻ֤ɣֱϱ˾뻪֯ͬʱڻȴϼָʾ
ܿ죬Ǳȵָʾľֽ֡ϵ飬ԶԼֵ¸Ϊ׵ĵͶ¼е顣ִܿ棬ͬʱϼɲŽִ˰еĺȺ֮鴦
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848 
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ͬʱط·𱳺۾һ㣬ȻȻڳյض㿪֣⼸ɱһȭȭĺϣػھ𿪣·˲飬Ʈ衣
һȭУ֣ͬȴֱ׷ط磬ȫطٴζĻᣬƱҪطɱ
ΪƷĶӣ֣̤뻯Щͷˣǻеĸ֣ھ֮ͬУʵܹŵ壬ھƷİ֮ʵܹŵڶ
˿̣ȻƻĵĴڣȫ׷ط磬һͷͻ׷ٶȴﵽ£ɱ⳹׷ڣƴﵽۡ
ףףס
֣ƾǿʵٶȣܿطľ룬Ȼֱ׼
ʱ

طŲһ٣˵һȣͬը죬֣һ٣ʶ˲Ļ㱡
ȳطƵģ͵һת˫ϥʶ̬˫ͬһ㶤ڵϣȭһ˴ǹȻ֣
һȭطڵѪڣ˲£ھױߣȭںס
ǹڶʽ

ղţط缱Ӵܣƴ·磬Ǳʵ𷴻ɱУɱúʱİգԶƻĶ̲ס̾Ϊֹ

ͬʱ֣һֲ֮Уƾսܣ˫̽һŻһ㵲ǰ
飡
طһȭ֣˫֮䣬֣˫ƷֿӲغ俪һŻ
Σʱ̣֣˫ȻһգȻһơ

һ̣֣Ҳɱ鷢ӵ쾡£ִ֪֮£ӲӲԿʶɾδطƳȥҲطһȭĴ󲿷ܿطķâ˽֮Ѹٱˡ
Ȼ
ˣڵѪҲһ󷭹ȫޡ
ߵ𣿡
طһȣһڣֱ֣
һĻ֮ͬǰķ棬ط֣˽ɫƶȻת

䣬ȭӣ
ط˲׷֣ٴκһȭ
һȭش߶֮һϵھھۼȭ֮ϣγһһھУȭͷһƬͨ졣
һ̣ľս⡢ɱںһγ˿ֲȭ⣬ȭ⳹׽֣֣޿ɶ㡣
ǹʽ
죡
طԵеһζĿǰǿɱУ
֮ĺ˵֣ٶޣѪȣھתв
˿̣طһȭǱƵ±ϣ·ֻǿжɱӭ
飡
˵ȭͷʻĻһ㣬ҵײһ
У֣ΪǿжɱУھֻ˲֮һطۼȭ֮һϵھмͬʱըγɿµھ籩޹Ƶѹ֣кھ֣ھ
ꡪ
֣ȭӦѣѪɡ
طȭƲֱǰ޵еƣһȭ֣ĺᣬµھ˲佫֣ĺ÷顣
ۡ
֣Ĳ˲ѣԴӷּң̵ѪȪһ߿գͬѪһ䡣
Ŀ֮£֣ȾѪԴڵأһԣͷʬصڵϣһƬ
ۣѪ졣
طȻսһԡѪ֮С
ƾһ֮ɨƷӣ


851 ڰɣң
ңټľ䳡ѻȸ΢紵ŨҵѪζ
ƷΧɱط磬طڶʱںɨĵ츣ҵһ֮⣬֣˶ѹ
ȫ˰ֻ˵Ԥϣ
ֻĶԣûмʶط֣طʵ֪ͣսϣ֣Ʒĵĥط磬֣ⲻĥһߵɱ֣˼ûжطκв
Ȼȫѧϼ֤ط޵еķɣҲû뵽طһڣȻǿǿƣ
ֻġʦͽ˲ͬ
Դط뿪֮ѾһûмطˣطѧʵҲֻͣڸС
ղţطǿƺɨƷӣ𺳣ԶԶǿֻġˣ
ֻġ˶ˣοˣ
һ̣شľƷ壬Ǿ˺;Щӵܣͳͳɵˡ
ǵɴ۾һؿŰȻԡѪеط磬Ǹо·ʣôģ
ۡ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģԶƷĵ츣ߵͷٴγ鴤³һѪȻԴһᣬֱӶ
ˣƷİӣطУʣİ˵ӱմˡֻû֣
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츣ȥطĿ絶һɨ򾰼һǰһ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬һɫ
һĿ־Уϣ鲻ԽسͼطԶһ㡣
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ΪڸղţطӴһһƽ֮ǿľɣȻڶ̶ʱڻɱ֣ˣ
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ھһֵͬʱ˫ͨشһʶҪط磬ǰֻ֮йһ
ƷĸҲһǺ޲̽طʬΣͬʱֶֻĳ˿־塪ֻľԲǻɱط磡
ңֻɱǣͬһֻһף
С磬Ȼ˵㲻ңȺֽˣٶ˳֣
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طͷĿӾһŲͶˣͬʱȥ׼ֻ˵ָɵǡ
ৣ
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طղչֳսֵĻ˲ûбʤİգοֻľһվţʱ֣
һýֺͷҲ뵽³
һˣһ͸طĶˣɣҲͳˡ
ֻ֡ģҪǾҸϾɱô
һΣطճ֣شľƷͻȻˣͳ
ȻҲʶԼٲʲôĻչ󣬾Ļӻѧ
Ʒ壬ҸѡԼϧ
ֻޱ飬ƽˮ뾰˶ȴͬը죬С
ƷԣɫüΪѿ
ֻ˵ֻһʼûд㶯֣ûԾҴɱ䣬ԾƷΪ׵ľ̫ſȫӻ֯Ĵڣһٶƣ㽫ֻġط缸˵
һУ׼ŭֻģӶϳ;ң
þƷҲû뵽ǣǸոżֻģط磬˵ʵԶԶ
ֻлܣ޷شӶطС
һеһУаûڲѡ
ʱܹԲӺƻ֯׷ݵԴͷĻҲþȥط磡
ΣҲ֪ߵغðս˻֯Ȩʵ
û֮࣬ƷһοڣΪҼȥιǹ͹һֻģھڻѧǧķϣһ·ҪþҶ˴У
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˵󣬾Ʒɨһ۾ˣָʾ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ

ƷĻ뵽˿̵ΣǾˣǾһĵӣͳͳڵء
ַʽġڣͬʱҲϣֻܹĵԭ£
Ʒ壬֮ǰ˵ҽΪط
Ծ˵ģֻĵıƽ˵ָʹɳӻɱط磬طҲ¾ԲôˡֻҪԭ£ԸǾһ·û

ȻֻⷬǾƷ壬ǾˣǾһͳͳɵˡ
ǲԼͬؽĿͶ˻ȾѪط磬һ㱡
ǾҰ
ѧǧľң
һŵ̵ѧ壬ȻҪһ
һֻ̣ñطһŲϣϣȫΪҺ˵ϣǧҫ÷飡
޷ݵ裬˲ǵģǽ
Ȼ
ȻһǧһԸط糼еǸǣһģǸھһڡΪж꣬йһžҵ
ءط磬Ҵң֮ǰһУϵصŅ֣̀һ·
ݵĻĬ󣬾Ʒϣҫһ¶ϣһĿ⿴ط磬طġ
Ҫһ·ԣ
ԾƷģһľˣطǸ˿϶Ĵ𸴣Ȼ󻰷һתҪһ£
ʲô
ƷæʵҲ۰Ͱ͵ؿط磬ŵס˺
ʵָʹǾһУ
ط绺ڣ󣬵ӹɣ


852 ³
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ȻѲµһ㣬ط׿˵ǷӦܴ
Ϊң
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ݶ飬Ʒһֱ
Ϊݶ飬ΪڻȨ죬һҪþҳֻɱطʱԥشӦ¾ڱط統ڴ򱬣
һΣȻ֪ıط磬һ֣ԾҶԾʲô£Ϊ˱ҵĶͻպıӻѡգɳѩϼֵ¸ɱط磬ѩͳͳط練ɱ
ڸղţΪ˲ңԸԭսֻĺͻ֯ȨԼش˵֣ӱطɱ
ৡ
͵Ʒоͬʱо˲ԼͬؽĿͶ˾Ʒ壬ȴžƷ
طͬҲžƷ壬лѾµ˴𰸡ƷԻ
á
ͬطжϵһƷֻ˼ӣͬطҪ
ȻңҲ֪֮󼸺޷ڻ㣬ҲҾܾطĻȴҵĽ
Ͼ쾰ȫԱӡƻ֯Ȩͼɱֻġط硢պˣΥ֯Ĺ涨ͬʱҲ˻ĵķɣ
һ£Ҿ㱻壬ֻġط硢պҲᱳκȡ
ңҾƷ;壬Ѿˡ
Ʒ̲֮ס۾һڰQľοԼΪؿƿ֮ǰѾѡȻط缸˳ˣ
ѾҶ顣
ֻҪʵıԸطһУһ֮󣬱Ǩƣ뿪ģⷢչ
һҽͷǣҲȻڻȨ죬޷쵽⣡
οǰԼͼ˻ȥĶƺ
Ʒ壬ȻطԸǾһ·سŵٶǾҵ˳֡
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Σлл
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ྩڰ칫ⲽ
һУֻΪ֮ǰƷ绰ʱصضֻȥˣһҪص绰ĿǰƷ嶼ûиص绰ҾƷĵ绰Ҳͨˣ
⡭ӿֳ˲õԤУ
塪
һ̣͵ҪٴθƷ绰ʱ򣬰칫ϵĺɫ绰ˡ
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ι
գ껹ѹסĵĲͨ˵绰
꣬ҪΪΪеΣ
һ̣ͲдһͳɳƵ

ͻһһͲֱӴл䡣
飡
Ͳݺݵڰ칫ϣ̶ûм𣬶ͬһһ㣬վԭأһд˾
Ϊ
ǸĸףҼΣ
ҿ߱ӡ
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853 аѹ
峿ʱûһǰλҲû
صضģ
ΪǸ绰ζʲô
Ϊ֪һ㣬Ǹ绰󣬶ûȥ鵽׷ʲô
ԣѾҪҪǽѾˣĿǰڵȴִ̡
鷿һ֧һ֧̣鷿ʣ·Żһ㡣
ûյ緢ͳš侲еֻһľګ˫۸ףȦﲼѪ˿
һҹû˯ϸػԼһ
Ӯҡ
һǰʵдա
һǰطĳΪķˮ롣
ڹȥһǶط̳;ǱͽԼҲҪطˣ
һУͬξһ㣬ôĲʵȴʵʵڵķˡ
һνؼӣؼ˶û飬ҶԣܻҲܷ̣
ѡѵһ취û𣿡
鷿ſڣĸ̱޺˫ۣȻԸ˻š
ž
ٴεȼһ֧̣ݺţƺŶԼ
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ۿһ㣬ĸȻȻû˺Ź󸾵ķ緶øһ㣬鷿ץĸ첲ҡţȥ֣ð취
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ȶԣҪ򶨵ọ̈࣬Ȼվ߳鷿ſڣ˷š
꣬ΥΥǻȥܵ飡
Ŵ򿪣ͼ칤Աſڣͷ֮óһ֤һ£Ȼ⡣
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׼һ̻ǸеĪĿֻţƾ費׵־ؿԼ
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ͷ֮ӦȻ˽˷䡣
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Сʱ򸾱ͼ칤Աߡ
Уĸͷɢ񲣬Ҫõöࡪϴ˸裬˺ӣصػһոµװ
ַʽάԼ棬ڼͼ칤Աˣ

ٽʱྩĳԺͬһʳò͡
˲ͬڰò͡
ǰ죬ĸĸһطһαȵط󣬾Ҫصúñ֣Ȼɸĸճ
ȻȥˣûеȵĸҲûеȵطȥϢһСʱǰȵ˼ͼ첿ŵˡ
ͼ칤ԱҽԺ˰ҽԺԺڵļˡ
Ǽ˶һָ֮ͬȻα˼ٵ֤ӶԼھԺҽ
⡭г˲
绰ϵ磬ͱ¶ˡ
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ǰķ˷ʱ򣬰űƿ
ȻûθھͲҪˣһؼηɣǸθڣһɫ˵
ѽӵ֪ͨҽԺԱ֮󣬺ܿйʵ֤Υʵ
ৣ
ȻĻɫȻһ䣬ָֻܿһãȻӣ·ûĻƵġ
αװˣҽԺѾйˣĲͺˣһֱװɵ״
۽ǼһȻûп
Ҳ㸸ĸԾ㣡
ٴοڣĻһشƵģһαװ򶨣Ѿͼ첿Ŵˣѱ

ֱվֱ̫ײǰķˣûᣬŵض㡭˵ʲô
类ͼ첿Ŵˣظһ顣
ܣľܣ
ٴĻǷҡͷȻŭĿڷƨ
ƨ
һĿ⿴һһҸ㣬ԭͱ֮αװ񲡱ҽϼⱲӲ뿪ˣ
£ٷϻֱǰҪ
״ֱ̱ϣʶʵءطأ𣿡
֪ѾͷţִԱץıĻ֣Ӷ㸸ĸĽ֣
ӦְλߣΪ𶢿֪Ļ
ʲʲôΪʲôΪʲô
ԣһ£ҡͷȫ޷пʵ
Ͼǰĸĸĵظطα
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ֽȻķһŽ߽˵ȫ޷ܣ
ʵ޷ط絽ʲôſΪҿߵĸҲˣ
ؼҳط磬Ҳһ㣡
ΪԶڷ֮ϡֻ©
뵽ԼһЩԣ俪ڣ
ͨ
˲䱻ֱ̱ײӣް㡮
ʧҲӭĩգ
аѹ


854 Ļع飡
طͷţֻأоƷ壬꼰ӱͼ첿Ŵߣ
磬һϢ̺䶯˻ᡢѧ硣
ڻԣйע¼˶û뵽֮ط绹Ťתƣҽ꼰ͽȥ
ԻĵĴǶԣǲµ˼ֵ¸ջᱯ磬ҲûвµطһϮȫ½
ڻѧ˶ԣû뵽ƹܻѧֻľȻΪطأбش˾Ʒ壡
ǹע㲻ͬ־òᣬͬʱ飡
ٰҲطˣôܰ
ǰǿ갡طǻôģ
ôĲҪҪǣԺߣǲ𣡡
δԹǣֻҪǲҪȥҲ¡

Ϣ춦ֲڵǸ΢Ⱥըˡ
ԴҶӷƱ֮Ⱥﺱֵһ졣
Ⱥ׷Ȩӵǣ¼ֵͬʱҲطη塣
֮⣬ϸһطȷûԹǣÿһζһ
еηһЩҲγһֹʶط
ν˻ϲǡ
ͬʱ͡ҶȵȺԺӵڵȺҲըˣȴһƬϲ졣
ȻͽȥˣǾҵϽ࣡
˵Ϣ󣬵˵֣Ҳݣ
ϴôģֱ̫ţˣ
аѹвԱУҵģ
ǰԴϴ̫үȥϴؼҳ֮һֱͼȨѹϴ󣬵Ĳҵġһ뷨Ľһаսϴһ
ԺЩС۷׷ףǶطŤתƵĹ̳˺棬Ҷ
Ҷҳ֪طһܹ֮Ϯ̶ܴΪ뻪֯ͳͳˡ
طûΥҴ壬ӵСִƵǰ£ڲ֮ˡ
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ֲӵƶߣǻľߵٽ֮һ
ط硢˵ȻûôԺգҲǹְԱǰҵִй
һ£Ҫɱط缸ˣ췴
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ڵûһ״صˣ
Ҳεһʱ绰֪ͨҪΪԵʡҲΣ
仰˵εֻĸΪҵļΪôξ군ˣ
ձ꣬Ҳܵ޷Ӱ죬Ұ֮п϶кܶ෴ԡָǵǸܵ޴ѹҲҿʼ·
ڵȺԺӵȺըͬʱҲʱȻ¾ڵȺ˵¼ս֡
ڿ԰ķڶˣ
ȻһðݣأԼ顣
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Ȼͬ¾ûȺظߵ鷿Ĵǰϵķ
磬µĻһӶ޷ԭԼ
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ط磬ˣ㻹ð𣿡
֮ȻʼȺط磬ʯ󺣡ط粢ûлӦ
ֱһСʱطߣ˵ۣ֪ڹȥЩʮֵԼİΣҪôԼмȸж
֮ǰѺʱֻˣͷźõֻֻû磬ֱȥϹ󾰼ңбԼԾûпˣ˽ٸˡ
ǸΪһЩԭ⼸һֱûпֻſϢû£ͻض͸жͬʱطһʱ˻Ӧ
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ȻȻأԴطֻ֣֮ʱ̵ȴطϢ
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ˣأû°ɣ
طӦ֮Ȼһֱûðݣæʵ
⼸컹ҪϾֵ¸յİӣ꾯참ûˡ
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طָ骷΢űƽȻ׼ѩ绰һʱ䣬磬Ǳ賿ַֻ׼ȵŦԼ֮ٸѩ绰
ͬʱ骽ӵطϢ֮ͬ˿
ȻѾ֪ͨ¼սֱ֣˿̣ų׷Ȼ׼ط绰
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ͨطĵ绰ֻøĵ绰
ԥһ£ջ˽
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862 
кȾƵˣԭظԳŶʮӣϴ裬Ȼصȴϼ׳飡
Ȼûм𣬶ǵһʱ´˶ѸųƾĿǰΨһԲȵİ취
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طʮһսСӵĳԱӦȻſڵأʼԳš
ƵصطһۣȻž˳ǰſڣӭؽĵͬʱаط˿ؽִ֮ǰϵľζ
ʮӺ󣬳½רִ»ſڣɺ;ȴû˾ͣ˾ֱء
ſڵ½רգһɴžԱӭӣûֱӷС
ϸڣؽüͷһȻͣ
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ؽŤͷɣĿľĸо

ٴԶԣ֤ǰûκαأҲ֪ν仰
ɣţսСܹñȫֱĹھ飬ҿԵû
ۿɲ˵ؽٴοڣն֮ȫսСӵĳԱ˾װ
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ܹ֮ǰ˵һУΪսСӺˣ
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Ϊȴû뵽ɡ
ؽľ棬ؽĿеطЦˣЦгԳ̣ģҾǰԴڷޣҲ˰ѹھĽ


863 BUGڣ
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˹΢ЦŵͷȻһ̵Ļ˶ԱЧܺã˹˷׷׽˫ȭֻûѪȼա

˹ԣΪձѧһŵأȫѧҪһЩ
ڱط磬ȻΪطҪԴӥպȥȡһȴطС
ط統ʱĻ˵⣬ӣ
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صһʱнͣüĿ֮һĨ޷εľ֡
Ϊط˼ֻҪ򶷣ط֣
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ҰҡͷܸɴطԵ飬﹫Ȼɱ֧ǳӣڹȻȫֱίᣬȫƱػ鷳ʱΪһǣΪûô򵥣
𹬱ҰĻޡʱŵͺԾǳĬˡ
ǸǣֵһԻǱ
ǻľŭ𣬲ôóܵģҪ֪ƻѾҵͨ񾳵·սվȫۣ֮˺ܱӻǸ֧ǳӡΪ֧ǳӳͷڵ˵˾ˣҲܲˣҰ
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870 ̶ʮ룬ݿ
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ߵıԡҰڤ롣
Ѿ书˻۷壬ڤȡ˯ܸѧƣָͣνһ˫á
ৣ
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˼Ĭͬʱ߳˷䡣
пˣǳȥӭһ£
Ұ˵ţüͷȴ
ΪǸ˼пԸǿС
ҲԼµ˵ݣЩϾ
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˲ǱˣȫѧϯĻ֯ƶߡƻģ
Ų֮󣬶µ˺пƻģƻȻܾȣ޷εľš
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һ˲䣬ƻı׷˹Ұ˳̽һץסҰĲӥСһ㣬ֱӽҰ
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ৣ
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ˣԡ빬Ұͳͳ޷شгž־塣
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871 սӿ
Ұޡʱŵͺ˱ȫѧϯƻĴУ⵽޷ش
ڶһ磬һϢȫѧ磬˾޴𶯣
ҰųձǰУձѧһġ
ޡʱŵǸʱŵֵĵ̣ͬǰУұΪȫΣа
Ȼô󣬵Ҳ֯ĵ̣ҲΪǰΪȫΣа壡
ǿڰǱƻǿƴУܲõѧ𶯣
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ƻΪʲôҪԹҰ޺ͺ˳֣
ܶгʡ
߸ҸԤƻȫֱҰޡʱŵͺԵ³ӡȫѧƱϳͣ
ȫѧ𶯵ͬʱȫѧ˷֤ʵʵԣ˾档
֪һкط粢ûиеȣһжԤ֮С
һ棬ȫֱȫԵ£һΣΪӣһ£ȫѧӦҪƻ˴δ˳֡
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ˣط绹ǵһʱϵա
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С磬꣬ʦΧ²Уǻľѧĳ裬ƻһֱԴʮȻ㸰ʦĺ󳾣
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ģҲתƻΣҶʹطһһгǿš
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ǿûгӰ죬طĴ£սСҪô˴ȫֱĹھǴ¼
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Сӣǲ˵ʦʼΪձЩࡢֶܹɹ
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طĿɨûŲĿ⣬Ǻηطӡ
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ԭǾƾʵʵطսСһ£Ϊȷһʧطǰȥү
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ϣк̨ܶ硢ңС˾
̨ݳġˡܶ࣬󲿷ֶģֻȼˡչâ貵ֻһˡ
ȫֱʮ֧飬Ϊ֮
Ӷаֱ֧ǻֲӡֲӡֲӡӢʼֲӡձֲӡ¹KSKֲӡGIGNֲӺɫֲӡ
֧ӶǿսڸڳսԱڵֲֻ֧ӣлֲӺֲӵĶڸǫֱ̈̄ǡ
ǰΪطBUGڣΪսʵǿҲԱпܶǷ˻ҩĳսʿ
طȻǿ󣬵ȫֱ˸˲ĿĿĿغܸߣΪֲӶùھĸʸ󡣡
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֮£ĳЩСǰĵսԱһ
Щ˹ɫĮشŰֲӵԱ뿪;ɨط缸ڵĵطһֲֿۣڵһۡ
Ȼ˹Ϊ׵İֲӲΪǣ뻪ֲӡֲӣ
ֲӵĳԱϢǿӦҲǷùҩﳬսʿ˹Ŀ⣬ӥС˵
ĹĲԱﶼгսʿȫǷùҩĳսʿǳսʿͨսʿ䡣ط˵ͨӦ͹۲óĽۡ
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ضӳҰʦҪԸطô©Ϣأ뿪һձֲӵĳԱ̲סʵ
ģô֪
һƣԭΪطᱻҰɱȻͼڱкݺݵ軪ֲӵԱ
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һطΪ׵ĻֲڱձֲӵĻôǾͲǱôˣпܻɥ
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·Ϊӡ֤صĲ²һ㣬ͣŶԱصƵ귿֮󣬽ӵսİͿ˽ĵ绰
УѾ˵һЩ顣ǵģĶģAƻʧˣҲ˵طȫֱϣ
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878 ʵ
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ίĹԱط˴󣬳죬ǿϴϴ裬úϢһ£ҪҩĻί롣ʳߣǿ԰ʱȥòͣʱΪ6:307:30ʱΪ11:3012:3018:3019:30
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һΪ˸ֹƽԣձȫֱÿλսԱֻμһ˲ĿҲ˵ÿ֧ҪɳսԱμͬĸ˿Ŀ

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ΪȫֱĿܶ࣬ҶԲսԱûƣһ˿ԲμӶĿ
һ죬ĿٵĸҪÿսԱֻܲμһ˱Ŀ
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񣬹ڻֲӲѹ֮ࡣ
һĿɨһЦݣֲ֮Уط֮⣬˶Լͬüͷ
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ʿǣ˲Ŀÿһʮ֣ȡǰÿ֮ķ֣ŶĿʮ֣ͬȡǰÿ֮˷֡յĵ÷ɸĿŶĿӣܷߵĲ齫ñھ
Ϊ¹ͬʱԼٴοˣ󣬰մţһĿڶиͻĿи񶷿ĿȻ죬йµΧսĿڼ䣬ǿʹøԵǹеͨѶϢ豸װɴίṩ𣿡
ף̹٣
սԱͬӦ
ɻ𣿡Լٴʡ
ûлش
вսԱ˳Ĭ
ܺãȻǶûɻôӳʮ֮ڽμӸ˿ĿԱϱһСʱбһĿɢԼ˵

Լһ£ɢ
٣ĳ˻ƾһ֮ñֱھȴû뵽ˣһѹɣ
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طĻӥûκ顣
ȫֱҲвԱʧֽزɱ
вٲԱǷ˻ҩĳսʿǵʵһȭһͷţڻ£ΣԶ
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У꣬ǻվλΰ˵һе۹嶼ֽϻ죬Ҳһ仰ھǰһıƶֽϻ
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880 ԶԶ
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һĿΪֱΪǹ50mƶǹ150mƶ1500mȫƶС
ڶ÷ָߵԲսԱлΪ׼
սԱлһ£ԲսԱʱƶٶȽƶٶԽԽߡ
ģĿ豸ΪίṩǹΪMk25ǹΪMP5ѻǹΪCheyTacM200
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ӥһһרעᶨ
ȵߵǹǰץMk25ǹȻһԱһ㣬˲˳ȥ
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ձֲӶӳ˵ţֲӣʵڳ
ŮԭΪӥʱơЩջ𣬴˿صĻŭҲֻǺݺݵصһۣʲôҲû˵ֻڴӥںıг񷢻ӡ
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Ȼ֪ڱлսϣԶܽʤϣڶʧ棬ܹ˿̵顣
׿ŶӺ͹˵Ϊ۲֣ӥѵսʱ򼸺Ӱ룬ϵֵܶй֮޲Ȼϣӥܹȡøõĳɼ
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ܿģǹ1500mİƱӵȷػС
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μӱӢʼֲӵĳԱҲһ˻ҩĳսʿΪӺǱޣǷ˻ҩҲֻǿﵽ۷ʵԶӢʼֲӲǰǿ
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Ҳ˵طҪһ㣬뱣֤ڵһ126ߵڶ63ıֲӵսԱ
ָʺСطƾʲô֤һ㣿
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891 ˭䲻
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һĻÿһսԱڳĽ̹٣
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rgֲӵ˶ԣط֣û뵽طһּ̤ձϵķʽɱҰϡ
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طĻһĿɨͣվû³һ֡Ӧս
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Ϊ֪طղŲδΥ棬ȻؿˣȻҪûԮأ˵̹ʩѹͼʾ˹սԱվԮ
һ˵̹ٶסѹжطΥĻôԲصĽĸ֣һԽطϾ·ͥȡhxֲӵıʸôίhx鷳νһٶã
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892 һˣһ仰
طɱҰ֮һֱûпڣԹrgֲӺmgֲӵĳªоȵ˽̹ٵĹж
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893 ֻطһ
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չвԱԼֵʱ䳤ΪƷݣԶһ㣬һʱ䣬ѡ




ͬʱط֮⣬Ա׷׳֣ǲʳһ㣬ӢʼֲӳԱ
УֲӵĲԱٶ졣
Ī˷Ƕֲӵͻ֡
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ӢʼֲӵĳԱͲȭͷѿôˣǻϵ֣֮ǣ
ͬطһĪ˷ȷǿڽļУǵһ֣Ҿһлɶ֡
ͬ˻ҩĵ¹KSKزӵĲԱҲ⣬ʵȰ۷壬ȻסĪ˷һ
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894 ھ˵

ȻĪ˷ĻǾԱŭˣз˹ŭһ
ಡ
ŭȳӰ
Է˹ΪףԱһ׷ӽɫȦڡ
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˽̹ٵָʾ˹˲ͣһʱĪ˷ٶȼ죬Ѫ糱磬һҪһسӵļơ

Ī˷һƶȻһͷαһ˳ǰķ˹

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ͬʱΪ׵Ĵί̹٣սԱط뺫ԵĻ󣬾Ǿòᡣ
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죬ӭһս


906 ۼ֤񼣣
ֲVSֲӣ˭Ц󣿡
ⳡĴսǴίĽ̹٣սԱ˺ڴ
ΪǶ֪ıȫֱھĹ˭ǿֲӡ
֮⣬Ĵս
ֲӰܣ
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һҹ޻ڶ峿в˵ӵʱ׼ʱںĺزٳϡ
ձֲӱطһ̭ʮ֧ʮһ֧
ίʱ򣬱㽫ձֲŶӼսĽͱƵ֪ձձŭҲȫһƬȻ
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Ҹĵطɡ˹顣
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ʮӺװֱִﺣɵȻԱֻʮʻװֱطָĽص㡣
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һĻɽ̹ٹϻţȻЩͲסͨߵϵ˽̹٣ˣɣش𡣡
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ˣֲ֪ǲںߵ㣿
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907 ս
˵Ƚֲ̹ͬһʱ˻ִﺣɵġ
ǽָӲľݺ󣬱㷢ֲߵ㸽Ȼһϵ׼Ѿս׼
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סɣȷֲӵطжϳһ㣿
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ǵģˣ˵һеʱҾվһԣ
ʶ˵ţȻʶʲôѡѵж϶ˣ
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˽̹˵ţߵ硣
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ɽ̹һı顣
н̹ٶڿĿ·ʣֲطôжϳһģ
ûд𰸣Ҳ֪һ㡣
һʱ䣬Ǵ۵Сۣǿ˶ԷеɻȻԼͬؽĿͶ˴Ļ׼ۿⳡս
ͨĻؿֲʮ֧飬ͳͳˡ
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ͬ
һ̹ٵͷͣ˵һ֮⣬طʵ̫ǿˣ
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ֲӵĺɱǡһ㣬Ҫ̭ҡǺǵʵֽս̭ҵĿ΢΢ռߵ㣬׼ϣ̭ҡ
ģ̭ңԸǸɱǵǵʵֻҪȫΧˣڱΪΪ޷̭еĶ飬ҲԿ浽
ط˵ԼжϳһеԵɡ
طĻӥ˻ȻطĿ塣
Ƕԣط粻ʵ׷ϡѧϰİսָӵǻۺȻ
Ǹ߹ǵҲСǵ
طٴοڣȻֶӥһ䣬סҪǸɵԷػǹ֣
ǣӳ
ӥ
޵У
طȭ
ӥ˼״׷ȭ
һ̡
ȭͷײһ
ս졣
ǿֲ֧ӣײһʤ


908 ǹƺϿգ
ճöˮγһˮƮɢںɵϿգǸһñӡ
Ȼߣֵ͵ʪȣмˮ
ͨˣĻ᲻ӦڲսԱԣѾǷǳˡ
뺣ߵĵطֲڴдٶȲǺܿ졣
һǱǰһ߾ܣͼѰֲӳԱӰû˿ķ֡
٣˵طĿжϳֲӵ׼ȷôĪ˷ͻȻһԵ˹ʵ
֪
˹ҡҡͷǽǶ˵طһ㣬ط̫񻰣òԳط硣
ӳҪҪߵϵط磿ǷֲӣҲøϹȥֲӣ̵ʱڼֲӣĪ˷
Ī˷ĻֲĶԱҲԼͬͣ˽ŲĿͶ˹
ǾĪ˷ǳá
ط˵սѿԽֲӣòǳ֡һаǵˣȻô˵ˣ;ԲǰæġοΪʲôҪأ˫ɱô
˹ҡҡͷǷȷжϳֲӵܼ꣬򵥣ǹ֤ж϶ˣ֮жϾǴģ
ǰԭƻǰֲӾͿսαеڣ
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911 Ա֮ʩ
ټָӲڣн̹ٶɵˡ
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ϵͳʾƸߵֳM134ǹط磬ǿ־࣬˿ҲǱ۷ڣ˹ȥ

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912 ܾ
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˽̹ڵԣЦѡ
ǿطԱ֮ʩֲս̭Ƕֲ裡
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ŭǣطȫ˰ϵ⣬׸
ϲŭӵĺƾֲٶȣܿ촩Խ֡

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913 ˭
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915 ֹ׷
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˽̹ٹٷʽĻش˹ûһ޲Ҳ֪ճĻֻôҧӦ
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ţ
Ȼ˹Ļֲ֮⣬սԱ̲סĿͶ˻ֲӡ
˹жȷģֲӵõ˴ίİаôֲӻܶô
ţţӿֳһɻ
˹Уллѡ
ط翪ˣڻӦ˹ҲڻӦˣֲӣ޾κս
٣ط磬Ȼôţôı¶ǵô
һЦ⼤ط磬ͬʱҲ˱ֲӲûеõίκΰ
Уھʵǰһıƶֽϻ죬ֲȻ֤һ㣡
طʣǿƶš


917 ˫£˫㱣
ʱˮ֪ѵŶӼսĿһ졣
ҲǱȫֱһ졣
һ죬ֲӽμŶӼսĿںɵʮֲ֧ӵΧˡ
μӱʱһ糿˵֣طʶȵװֱǰǰɵв
طʶ뿪󣬷ӽɢʮ֧ȴίĵǻ֪ͨ
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Сᡢ㣬ܹӦֶӵ040ȵ¶·ԼУĿڲı켣£ԶѡʵĽǶ㡣
ݵ˹Ϊ׵ĶֲӳԱЩɡ
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ֲֻӵľȷ󣬻һӥ7ǵͷϿձըȻǴȻ෴ķмл
ڻطǸ֣ػǹԸҾͲţػǹһ𿪻޷
һΣû˿顣
ΪǶļƻȻ򵥣ȴáЧսƻˡ
λս֮ǰҪ֣ǣⳡսǵĹŷǷ壬ϣֲܺӵĳԱһƴȫֲ̭ӣ
ۿû˵ٴοڣյǱֻ֤ҪǰֲӳɹֲֹӶڣһ룬һʷĽ
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ȻǸսԱľӢΪЧнˮߡ
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٣ƶԻֲӲ
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ؽ֮±·
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ȷʵЩȻطУΪ׵ĻֲӣǿԶŶӼսĵһӶñȫֱĹھ
˹Ī˷е֮ԺҲֳطǿƶŵģѡط硣

ӺΪ׵Ĵί̹뻪ֲӼǰŵִﺣɵ
ָӲ˽̹ٵڴĻǰ۲Żֲ׼
ͨĻؿطںŨָܵ䡣
֮ط˵һʱսսͿĨͿϣ·
֮⣬ط˻ǹò
ò˵ֲӶӳط磬ǿĵսһŴͷԡ
ֲͨӵĽѵжϳֲӶȳ飬ڽı׼
һĻһ̹̲ס޵
ǰսͷͿĨͿϡ˫㱣գԶȳ̽⡣һ̹ٵͷ͡
ţֲЩ׼󣬱ضŶӼսĿĵһн̹ٵжϡ
ǲõһô򵥡
ʱ˿ˣָŻеط磬ǿֲӶӳطװ
˵Ļ˲ԼͬؽĿͶ˻еط磬Ȼطһػǹұ˴ӵ
һĻ̹һӿֳһͷطĿĲΪ棬Ϊս飡
һ㣬׵߸սս񻰣н̹̲ס̾
ѾˣⲻǵһҲԲһ
˽̹۶Żеط磬ڴǣʰ飬׼ͻֲӵݳܻΪһӶ޷ļ䣡


918 Ϊ
һСʱֲΪ׵սɵ
˶ֲ֮⣬֧ϸִǰƶսƻ
Уֲӡ¹KSKֲӡӢʼֲӺͷֲںĶ߽䣬ֲ֧ӽںߡ
ڶֲӡ
ȫսƻ˷ƨǽֲ֮ǰڵĺߵ㣬ƺƸߵ䵱͡
ߵźűˣ
齵֮󣬵¹KSKֲӶӳ˹ȿ˵
Դˣ˲ûие⡣
Ĳ
ƴѰһֲӵ䣡Ѹָʾ
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ΪֲͨűĿƴһʱȻóʮӥ7šÿһֻȭͷôС氲װͷ
ڿƴĲ£һһӥ7šХһֻеСһ㣬˺ÿһ䡣
һĻĶӳеĽ
ȻڵĹҺͷ۵ֲӶӥ7ŵװװȽȫ޷ӥ7Ტۡ
Ľ֮࣬ûκжǺֲӳԱһվһбµƽ£ȴӥ7ŵ̽
ռƻҪӥ7ŷֲֻӵڵغұը֮ǰȥΧˣһСֲ֧Ҳһʱǰγɼл
ͬʱŸӥ7ŻֲӳԱûֲӵĳԱ޴ӡ
Ȼ
ֲӲʱһӹûκιڻֲӵϢ
ķӣȻˡ
Ӻ󡭡
ڵˣеЩԾ
ʲôôûлֲӵϢüͷʵ
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ƴɫЩѿ˵ҲԤϡ
ৣ
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ӦؿɫĹԶٳ߷
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οڵǷֲӵĶӳһϳ˷İɫװ
ܶһľҲװװˮƽǰΣǴϵС
У4걻ڵĸ
Ҳ⡣
ӥ7ںܶ෽涼ˡ4
飡
飡
һ̣5ɵͷϿգǹǹֱӽ5䡣
һĻٲսԱǹ׼һǳɣ
ֲɳ5̽ǵλãǷɣûие⣬ӿֳһͷȻ̲ס˵˳

ȻĻڣ˶һ㶡
ܣ
Ƿˣ
ֲӦ̽ǵλãȻ취ܿǣ

ݵ󣬲սԱˣǾǷ˲Ĳ²⡣
Դˣû磬ǰ˼ֿԵж
ͬʱ
һƬ
طӥڲ֮УΪͨű˫ȫűʼǱԣɿռŴ5Ϣ
ӳܴ5ˣȷˡ
ܿ죬˫ȫ㱨Ƿֳ顣һ¹ӢͷĲڶߣ3.5
ڶǶֲƸߵ㣬2.8ɣ1.5
ȫ嶼УǱǰʮ֮ڣߵˣ
˫ȫĻ㱨طֱָʾ
Ҫʶӽֲ֧ȻȥԸ
ǣӳ
ӥ˵һʱȻж

ֲӿʼжˣ
ϵ۰ֲҪΪ
ָӲڵĽ̹ǣ̷˻ֲӵжм̹̲ס
ڱʼ֮ͨ˵ѡطЯػǹʹӵǶ²⻪ֲⳡвΪ棬Ҫսֲ֮ǻǱòᡣ
Ͼǹȫֱдδйĳ
Ȼ
ǵ𾪲Ÿոտʼ


919 ոʮ룡
ŵ󣬺ճ𣬶¿ʼȡ
ߵһбϣ֧˹Ĳۼһ
ֲӵӥ7
ǰֻӱ㷢˻ֲӵλã
֧ʮսԱ˸ղŵǹ۵Ϊǻֲӷӥ7Ųҽ䡣
ǣҪˣץжɣ
ʱɫֲӵĶӳˣһ鳤һСսָӣǹǺԶںĶߡֲΪ׵ĵһ뻪ֲӽҪ̸Ϲȥ֧Ԯ
ãǸֲӵӥ7ţǻֲӵĴ5
ʱһڷб¶ڵʿͻȻԶŷԶİɫͻȻ
ʲʲô
ȻڱĻսԱһ
ôԷôͼĴ󣿡
ȻǻֲӵĴ5ôǵλñ¶ˣ
ˣһɸղűҲпǻֲӵĴ5

ݵľ㵹սԱǷ׷ԼͬؽĿͶɫֲӵĶӳˣǸо·ʣô죿
ΪͨѶźűΣ޷ֲȡϵ֤ʵʵ
һĿ⣬˵ɫЩأһ£Ż˵һֲֻܰӶӳƶļƻж
ȫ嶼УԲΪ飬ʼռƻж
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Ϊʲô˶飿
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һУǸеɻȻ׷ʶʲô̲ס׷ضŻ档
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𣡡
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ʶת׼ػӥˣ׷ױХӵɨС
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ڸղŵսУǵһ㣬ֲոһ
ʱ䣬ʮ롭
ָӲһƬţ


920 ӭ飡
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һɴ۾Ļûһ˿˵ֻǾؿţһʯһ
ʮ밡ϵۣҶţȫֱǺߵһ죡
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Ϊǿղŵսȫһߵѹ
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Ҳµֲӿֲ̭֧ӣû뵽һַʽ
ǵģֱţ
̫ˣ̫ˣûзӦѾս
ָӲİױƣһһ̹ٿڣƺֱڶ޷
Ƕ޷ο֧սԱ
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£ǿʹվȻһ˪һɣϳų衣
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ǲԼͬؽĿͶ˷б£ͶṊ̀Ļ
Ȼۣǻؿطػǹӵһ95ʽǹӵһսһ㣬ӷб¶£ǳ
һĻسǵģгͬʱҲطԵľ;ηһǿķڷı
ΪǷݾ뾴ηûֱ뿪ɳأվԭأؿط糯߳
ط磬ʲôʱƵǺȥģ
󣬵ط缴ӿ˵սԱԶȥʱ򣬿̲סʵ
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һڣֳսԱĿͶط硣
˵ע£طŲ΢΢һ٣ȻŤͷ˵ˡ
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ط˵ղһսĻô˿̵ǶѾʬ壡
ڿ˵˵ע£طػǹ֣ӥ˻ϡ
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һ棬Ƕط˸ղŵսֻǸѣֲΪ׵һ飬Ŀ顣

ͬʱĶߡ
ֲΪ׵һ飬Ƕֹͣǰ
ȻطսĵطԶǹͨǹжϳɶǹеġ
Щϸڣڸǣһ뻪ֲˣұ˼ҵս
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սõõֲӶӳطսѶ湥սԱ޴
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˽̹ٵĻ£һ̹ٵͷȻΪϵ۲ʼվһֲӽӭĿ飡
š
˽̹ڣ̹ٷ׷׵ͷȻٴνĿͶ˴ĻȴżĴս


921 ۷
ïֵܵУطӥ˻ϣȻûóȻж˫ȫһʱóʼǱԣͨ5ŵķ˽޵ֲֻӵĶ
ӳһоڳ߸Ŀǰҡ⣬ǵĴ5ȫˣ˫ȫܿ㱨
ãҲһսƻ
طԣͷȻóͼѸٵزһǰ󲻵һӡ
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ָӲ˽̹ٵ˿ط˶̵ʱսãһ
ǲǴרң޷֪ط絽ײʲôֲӵĳԱܿж
УطŮѸٵسֵĶƶӭʣ顣
ӥѸٳűߵһɽͷƶΧΨһƸߵ㣬ҲǺĵƸߵ㡣
˫ȫ뻪ǳ֧̭Ĳ顣
֧ĶԱ߳ɳرԵ׼ǰָӲ
վס
ܿ죬˫ȫͻסЩ̭սԱȥ·ȶԷڣ˵Ѿ̭ˣΪʮߡʬ塯뿪

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ȻкܲˬҲ֪˫ȫ˵ʵղսѾˡ
ձ涨ĻǱֻ̭֮ڲͬǰ²뿪
ѡ񡣵һصĵط䵱ʬ壬ǻߡʬ塯·װڶصĵطѡе·
ۿ˷˫ȫٴο˵ڣ̸ǰǡĵط
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ӡֲӵսԱԣ࿴һۣȻߵǵս
˫ȫͻ״ҲѵԼսٴ˵ǵ·
£˫ȫ뻪˴ӡֲսԱ·Ȼǵװ
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ս֮طվԭأӢʼֲӺ͵¹KSKֲȺϳ콱Ȼվط˵ࡣ
佱ʽһ죬裡
˽̹ٵٴ̹ǰȺ˿յǰʱϡ
ৡ
һĻطӥ˵һʱ̧ұۣׯϵضѪȾǺ쾴
컺ǺϷ

Ըūǣ
ǵѪ⣬µĳǣ
л嵽Σյʱ򣡡
ÿ˱ŷĺ

һģ
ðŵ˵ڻǰ
ǰǰ
մۣ
ط絥Źھӥˣȫǿʮֲ֧Ӻʹί棬Ŵǿ־Ͳġ¾
ͣ
ǺϷӭչ
طվ룬ֱǹ
һ̡
ֱͦԼļҲֱͦ˻ľ˵ļ


926 ȻͬķӦ
Զ³ǰ׵ʱ򣬰Ϳнеѩѣ߳鷿׼ϴȻʼµһ칤
Ϳнھǰͣһ½ŲȻͨӿԼͷ㣬ɫƣ˫۲Ѫ˿ݣŨŨĺȦǴ񫷭Ƶģûһ㾫
Լô
žԼͿнһ㱡
ΪսнͿֻʮ꣬ǽ֮һھӵкܸߵĵλͺܴĻȨ
սʿƻģķ˲
˵һ㣬Ǵ¥ЩͷҸеĴӡ
ΪһϽѡ˲²δΪľͷ֮һ
Ȼ
ֲӵ֣ӭԼȨ֮·Ļ¬
ֲ޷ֲֹӶڣٴαĻ˶ۡʧȥͷһй⻷;
ͷĻ˵Ҫȥţ
㲵ӣͿ߽ԡң˸裬Ȼ¥ͣһװ鷿ȴžδĵ绰
塪
ߵӵʱ򣬵绰Ȼ𣬴鷿İðͿֱӡ
ȥûͲ΢΢Щ
ǵġ
Ϊӥƴ֮һһֶ̣ˡ
ΪĽ

ͿнһȻһץͲãǰͿˡ
ͿнȫֱίղŴ˳ɼ
绰ͷ鱨ĸֱ⡣
Ȼ
Ļ˵꣬㱻ͿнȲشϣھ
ֲӡ
鱨ĸͳظ𰸣ȻֲͿнֲӷǵûֲֹӶڣٴζӵ桪ֲʱ132ӣķʽ̭飡

ٴԷĻͿû˵˲䱻һ㣬̱ϣһ
ͿнȽϢ㣬Ҫ򳤹ǻ㱨ȥǴ¥׼ɣ
Ҫ򳤹ǽ֮⣬ΪҪǣôʧֲȨ⣡
Ӧñ˶ζʲôǶôҪ
ۿͿ˲˵鱨ĸٴοѣȻֱӹҶ˵绰
ͿûƵģ̱ϣ˫ؿ鷿컨壬ȫһ⣺ˣ

ͬʱ
֮ྩŦԼʱʮСʱӭ˺ҹ
ྩ½Ժһ¥һ绰ȻǴ˼Ѫһ߳鷿Ằˣȼ
ǳӷ裿
ڿҽѧ飬ĻҴҵش¥£һɻ
칦Ϊ۶칦
һ˷ܵ˵ţǸоСѧõʦһ㣬ȫֱĽˣʶӻȫֱھ
ģ
ԣҲһϲæվΪӸеˣҲǳ˿
Ϊȫֱпܷ⣬ʶһʱ䣬һֱĵ
ɸո˵绰м٣
Ц춼ϲ£ˣȻ֪ȫֱռĿģȴ֪ȫֱǺߵһ죡
ԼĶӣΪ˴ҫǿǣսСӣǰ޹˵ķʽùھ
һУΪ׵еޱȵĽԺ
ΪֲӸ˵Ҳˡ
֪Ϣ֮ҲǼѣȸ˵绰ȻһʱݳǰؼҴԺ
Ҫؽ㱨£
һСʱɲɭϵĺͬؽȫؼҴԺſصصȴ
ϲ
ۿ³ȫӭȥ΢Цŵء
·Ѿȫ˵绰ȫ˵⣬Ȼȫʾؽõؽͬ׼
ǳҲǹ涨
ؽҪλ˭ܼģؼһ涼ѡ
ǰؼ̫ү͸˵ˣش֮⣬ټؼֻ˿ʱǡؽط硣

ЦŰڰ֣üĿ֮仹ڽطΪ׵սСʵ̫ˣ
ͲҪǫˣսСοţˣǹҺ;档߰ɣ׳鷿ء
ȫЦЦȻ߽Ժֱ鷿
ͬһȫɴ鷿ſڣ鷿ţõؽĻӦ󣬱ĬĬ߿ˡ
һȻֱŶ롣
鷿ؽûļڹɡ
׳ã
ɵһʱʺá
˵ؽָָһԵɳ
ǣ׳
ɵͷȻߵɳӱֱ̧ͷͦصػ㱨׳һСʱǰҽӵȫֱί֪ͨˣսСӻ˹ھ
á
ؽԣֻ˵һ֣Ͽ˿ϲá
ɲһȻΪؽԼĻ㱨⣬ϸ㱨׳ݴίᴫϢսСӷֱøĿͻĿ˸񶷿Ŀ
ЩҶ֪ؽɵĻ
Ǹ׳Ҿ͸㱨һµϢ
ٴһ㶣Ȼһ£㱨
̲ҪҪǽȻսСӶˣǾͼھСҪǾϵʵȫֱ齨Ĺ
ؽڰ֣ȥսСӶڵĹһҲ⡣
ǣ׳
⣬ǵһʱ
𣿡ؽʡ
׳ûˣҾͲˣϢ
ʶػӦţȻվ
ؽ΢΢ס
ת߳鷿ʡ
ôôͳˣ
ȫ߳鷿һȻѸ߳Լķ䣬첽ӭ˹ȥѹʵ
ˣ׳ҵĹ㱨ȫûȤֻȫֱĽ
̾˿Ȼü֮ǰûи׳㱨ɣ
ҪԻ㱨ôܻ㱨
ȫһȻ뵽ؽΪעȫֱ飬ҪҲһ⣬׳ûİ
ԭһ˵һ˵طķṦΰСһѣϧˡ
̾Ȼ˰ֵˣˣȥСӵϵȾȥ
ôһ˵ȫףĲؽԼ̬ȣûи֪ؽطڱȫֱһСؽףǸνؼǶô㣡
ΪһУȫûаοʲôĬĬؽߡ
һкصؼҴԺԺԼط䣬ؽ𣿡
׳Ѿˡȫæ㱨
ͷȫֲӴϢһ£Ȼ󱨸ңסҪϸһЩؽָʾصض
ǣ׳
ȫһʱȴǳɻ׳ʲô˼ѵ


927 ϴ
ҹŵ㡣
ֲӻȫֱھ飬ڻľ֮䴫ִȨ㡣
ϴʶӻȫֱھ
ֵ΢ȺԵͻȻðݣȱ顣
ҶһǵȺСеĹǸɣڣá
ԼȻ㲻ϻĵĶţ׼һĺţϢһļԱġ
ϴţƣ
˴Ӧ
ǿҽΪϴ칦
ǡʮһƽܣϰͣӻԾ룡
ôˣܵĶϴϰ֯Ⱥ֪ͨʱ͵ص㡣
һʱ䣬ԭ΢ȺʱַڣҪ칦õ˵ĻӦ
ûë˽ȾˣСԼӸ磬ľջˣ
ӦȻҶҶһƣҶʼûðݡ
Щ졣
Ϊ飬ҶģҶǵûйʼûðݡ
Ӹɶȥˣ
֮࣬Ⱥѯʣ֪Ҷȥ
ͬʱ
սĳսء
ʮѵʿſڵԳţȥܼѣÿ˵·ˮ͸ˡ
ǶԶս첿ӵľӢڲμӶսֲӵѡμѵ
ʵϣѾһĸǿѡѵˣҪһǧԳţɲ˵ֱ̭
ڹȥһѾ֮Ϊ޷ɸǿȵѵѡΣ̭ˡ
顪
ͻȻһ촫һ޷֣ˤ˵ϡ
ʿ㱻̭ˡ
һĻһֲӵĽ̹˹ȥޱ˵
Ĩ˰ϵĺˮⲻѵѡΣҪ˻
Լ˶ֲӵĽ̹һĻ
ԣٿɫѿ뿪
ξҪˣɣﲻսԱı׼
Ŀ뿪ֲӵĶԱߵһǰŶԷˮ죬Ц
ˮ͸·ؿ˽̹һۣûп
ǱˣҶҴ١ҶȺԺСͷĿ֮һ
꣬Ϊطȥ׷طĲ˲ӣ±ͱĥĽпΪǷ׷ӲǼ
֪طֲӣƴѵʣչ򲻸ˣƾϵŬΪҶλϽⴵʱ֮һ
ڣΪطʶȫֱϴʣٴ׷طĲǰμӷֲӵѡΡѵһֱҧֵڡ
ҵĻúûȥﲻ׳ĵط
ֲӵĶԱٴοڣ̼ʹҶ
ûлӦҶûмֲסļ󣬷Ǽӿٶȡ
ֲӵĳԱ״һ˿죬û˵ʲô
֪˶ãҶһһǧԳţ˫ʹ·ǧһ㣬޷̧
ҧվȻĿͶѵѡεķֲӳԱ̹٣Ҫſڱտ˵о仰˵ĺãϿ羰羰¥Ͽ㣬ܴˣ죡
ǡ˸Գţţˣ
ֲӵĳԱЦ֮Դ̼ҶӿѶ֮⣬ҲΪҶļҲֲӵһªϰֲӵĳԱ첿ӵˣС١
ţƣ̫ţƣǰֲӶӳûһţƣҶ
ϣʶӳһ
ֲӵĳԱмһЦǷֲӵĴӳǺܾǰˡ
ԷΪֵ£ʶ֣
ҶüͷĿǰҪǰط籣Ȼͳ¾İȫҲΪطˡ
˵˵ֵ˭ҿ˭ôţƣӳȥ£ֲӵĶԱһЦһĲš
ЩŬԳŵҲš
ΪǣȻ˵ҶͷǲǸҶ¡
ֵڹȥʮ컪ǿֲӡֲӣμȫֱŴε촫˵ݺݵؽֲӵȲڽ£пǰ޹˺ߵķʽùھ
ҶͻȻ˵ȥʮּǸо·ԼһлҪе

ҶĻֲӵĶӳ̲סЦǸо·ЦЦ
ЩμѵѡεҲһŹֵؿҶǸо·˵ֲǻȻǷҲ̫˰ɣֱҪţĽడ
ţô
ˡ
ʱֻ𶯵ͻȻ
ֻˣ
ֲֻӳԱͻȻضҶҶΪΥѵѡεĹ涨
⣡
ûᣬҶͷһɿͳֻǸ׵󣬵ڽͨ˵绰ᡣ
ӣȫֱˣطʶŶӼսУʮ֧Χˣķʽʱ132ӣ̭飬˸ñĿĹھҲյĹھȫֱսϣ
绰ͷҶ׼绰ͨΪҶѾѵѡΣ㽫ԼõϢ֪Ҷ
ΪԵʣҶ׵ֳÿһ˵ĶС

Ҷ׵ĻֲӵĳԱЩԳŵ׷һؿҶȫɵˡ
μѵѡôҶײ֪飬ٴʵ
İɣҲҶҶϴֲӣҽˣ
ҶնػӦţȻҶϵ绰ĿͶֲӵĶԱһһ
֪㿴Ϊصضҡչˡ㣬ܷҪˣͲ䵱ֵܣ

˵֮ǰֲӵĶԱͲμѵֻǾȵĻôʱ˿̳׾ˣ
ǵɴ۾һؿҶǸо·ʣеġϴǴĻ
ҸһССĽ飺˻ǵ͵һЩãֵܵĵսİٱϣİİٷ֮һ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģҶٴοڣ
һΡ
ֲӵĶԱûٻɺͳȡ֮Ρ
ҹĻ£һƬͨ죬дΣǸо޲Ҹȥ


928 ҴԺϷ̨
ΪĸⷼͻȻã骵Сѱòô塣
ŸĸڸһЫӻȻЩˮصסһͷϴˮ
У鷿ӵ绰ĸⷼ￴һģƬ
ƬģⷼһϳطսСʨڷ޲ԭϿ񱼵Ļ桪ƪű
֣裬ˮˡ
Ժ骽ˮϴã˳ָĸڿ
骣ںôⷼ߳ʵ
ԴطðΣս骴ձȻ֮桢ⷼ򸾱㲻ٷطһ𣬶Ҽô˵顣
ţ
Ȼĸ׵ѯʣһһ糺죬һʱ֪ôش
սӵ绰طʶӻȫֱĹھ
ʱ鷿߳ղŽӵ绰֪Ϣⷼ骡
£һĵЦݣΪطʶΪ⣬ҲЩط統Լ˶е԰ڵζ
Ǹ˵ӣúԼŮһ
ⷼԣҲΪˣȻЦݵط˸ۡ
㲻ŮҲǻľ˵ĽЦݲ
骣㻰أôˣⷼ棬Ťͷ骡
裬ӡ骽ˮ̷£Щ˼˵
ʲôӣ˵㣬˵һˣûǸɶⷼɰʵס
骶ʱߵˡ
Ϊˣⷼ״ԼŮͺطͬˡ
骣ȻǶһˣ㲻ĬĬȴˣҪѾͷ
ⷼ˵ţһת˵췹
ٴĸ׵Ļͬһ㣬޲̻صȥ
㾡Щ⣡ֱ棬ɫһ䣬ѵ
˵ô죿ѵһֱûûֵظط磿ؿطΪŮⷼ棬˿ΪԼ˵ˡ
裬˵ôôأ
骶˶ţЩ߳ŭüĿ֮仹һĨ޷εľš
СӳΪŮĸʲ󡣡ȴˡ
ţ
ⷼԣ׷׾ؿ棬Ǹо·ʣΪʲô
СȻ㣬㵽˵ԤϣǲҪˣؼҳˣûٻؼҡ
ңҴ̽СϢ׳СȫֱϵľޱֲôðҲ˵лľ˶޷飬Ϊľ˾޴ףҲ޷ݹͻصؼҡ
ûؼҵĹ⻷ΪŮɲһ׵顣룬ûб¶ؼӵݵʱ骵үүôģҶˣοң
״ͣǸԭ֮⣬ڶ࣬鲼⣬ʱΣ֮СǾͷὫصŮ޸һʱˣȻѩѾͷԺ󵱹Ѹ
еô˵骻Ǻлᡣ
ⷼһһǸо޲̰骽ط
֮ңʧ֮ȳΪӶԣҸϣһƽƽ
̾˿
ŮĻ桢ⷼһǳĬˡ
ģ԰еĻɢŷ㣬ֻڻ׷ԶԶȥһͻ
׶ҲӢҵ
˯ݿ֪طʶӻȫֱĹھЦһ仨Ȼһƺɫ³ȹǰȥҹ١
ݿװŮ鿴ȥܲӣѾ֪ȫֱĽ
鷿ٷе鼮Ц˵ԣƺӢʼֲӶڻҪ㿪ĺͼ
ΪʲôأݿЦ˵
ݿֻֻǰ˵ܴȥЩμӱСʹҲþЩϴץסѱӶҡѵ
Ҳɵݿ˸ۡ
װŮ˵еŮΪ㣬ɵӡ㼴ǵ˼Ҳпܱɵϡ
ٹҡҡͷһִȤķʽ˵Ļ֪ǸطʶӶȫֱĹھûʲô壬Ϊʲôصܵҫ
ߣҸ˲ô
ٵĻݿɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻĹĵغһ
Ȼԣ˭װıŮأ
ٹЦǺǵ˵ţȻ󻰷һתװŮϴȫѧ֮Ҿ͸ֹ̽ͻطһĿˡ
ţҲϲֹһ𣬵ǰǣҪð㣬ȻδҪ֤Ժúõػţɲһ׵ء
ͷӣúܣ
ݿ˲ٹһۣȻ߳鷿ȴǰ̾뽫δǶôѵһ°
ͬʱŦԼϹʻ
ѩڱı߽ͬµĸ߸Ьϵײŵ棬ࡣ
һɫ磬һɫĳһȿڵп㣬ȥܼ򵥡⣬Ǹ߹ʺǿ˾ʮֵĺÿ
һ·ϣĿ⣬Ůкˣаˣлˡ
У˵Ŀгž޺Ů˵ĿгĽ뼵ʡ
һĶŮ˼ʵŮˡ
ǶŮõڹ͡
Ȼ
ѩһ·̧ͷͦءĿбӣȫЩĿ⣬·˶˿
һСʱŦԼྩͻͷȲû飬Ŵ⣬һֹƼĸо
װɽǫֱ̈̄ݳĻ֪ǷѾ̤˻ĵĹ
ţţѩ̲סаҪǣҵ֣ҴԺϷ̨Ϸҿǵ˺ܾúܾá


929 Ӣ۹
2018101գӭ69ꡣ
ĵӵʱ㳡Ϊųһصȴʽĵ
ӵʱ򣬹㳡ϵӰ커Ĳ뻮һس֣Ƿ׷׼óֻգԺȦ΢ͼ
ͬʱһСͿͻִྩϿգտչܲŵָʾŻȥ
˻սСӵԱ֮⣬ֻпս㡣
ǻսСӵר
׼ȷ˵ǻľרȥط˵ķɻһӡ޵Ǻ졣
һϵҫ
ľַʽطˣ
ӢǣʮӺ󣬷ɻ׼ʱڻ
һת˻İսŲ˵
ﰥڵྩˣ
սԭĳ˸˵
˵׳ӻ𣿡˫ȫʵ
Ҫ˵ĸ׳ˣ
ӥڻش׳ĻΪӻ׳϶
׳ȻҲ׷ȾƵ飬ǸϳӰɣ
ӵеĴ׳Ǳˣؽ
ĻŮûпڣǽĿͶط硣
ŮľٶӥҲʶʲô׷׿ط磬̲סԼ׳ΪӳεĹӳǰ
ྩ֮Ҹ׳һһڣȻǳԷΪ칦
ӥ˵Ŀ⣬طװͿЦ˵
ӳ
ӥ˵һʱ件ͬʱгڴڴؽΪطȫֱϵľޱ֣طǰӣطعؼҡ

ྩʻ
ͣһͣλĲԶһγĳƺźţ桪һʱ侴
ҹĻ£һ˾һԱվںγԣؿܡ
ɺһűװںġ
ɰ˵ȥ׳㱨ȫֱĽʱԱˣӿʵ
׳㶼֪
ɿɬһЦȻʵɣԼҲںֻûﵽطСӣеź
ɰˡҡͷ
׳˼ǣһȷ
ô˵ɣСûв׳ԻһֲĻ㱨һݺݵؿһԼ򡣡ѵ
ԣ϶еĲ²⣬Ȼſ죬ͼ˵ʲô
Ȼ
Ļ˵ڣ˱̧˿ʱʱˣȥȰɡ
õģ׳
ɵͷߵĻ˻ȥȻ³ؿŻܵ
ǵע£ǼӡǺСͿͻ׼ʱڻ䣬ָͣλУطվȫֱĹھŽƣȴŷɻͣȡ
ӺǼӡǺķɻɡ˵ǰͣλͣȣŴ򿪣طŹھ߳գӥ˽
ӭӢ۹񣡡
һ̧ұ۾ɺ˵˾Աͬʱ
лл׳
طӦȻӥȲѡ
ͬʱ㳡޵ǺŹ裬ȫйĬĬעӣгԺ뼤
ʮ֡
ʱ·һֹͣ

㳡커˳ǲԸȥĿ뿪
طӥ˴ӻݻ£˴ӭϡ
׳ǴĽ
˫ͣ½Ų಻һףط˫ʵҫĽݵǰ
ɣ⽱ӣŤͷɡ
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ɵͷȻׯ϶֣صؽӹĿδطɨֵǣˣ
࣡
طֻͷһůæӦ
οЦЦû˵ʲô
αֺܺãĺͻľ棬ӢۣѾʾϼ׳ϼ׳׼ٿһ¡صıûᣡ˵
׳ֻӦ飬ǵĹҲǵְ񣬾ͬʦˡҽһҪã
طҡҡͷίؾܾ˵ĺ⡣
ǵĴڣǻľ֮ңҲǻ֮ңñûҪáϼ׳Ѿ׼ˣܲȥ׳ȡðɣ˿Ц
ٴ˵Ļطû˵ʲô
߰ɣǻؾӪ׼սǵһӭɼ״Ц˵
£һԶͣŵ
ط磬һҸ䡣ϳǰͻȻ˵
ǣ׳
طͷͬʱµԼ˽ĵĿģȻɡ
С磬ȫֱίὫ֪Һҵһʱȥ׳㱨
ûϳǹǰطѹ˵
׳û´Ļǵ׳ڹĮģֻĽɡطЦŴɵĻ
š
΢΢һɫЩѿصͷͬʱطЦζʮ㡣
ţһڱֳҲڴ´μҵΣ
ط״˲ЦݣȻս˫ȭ


930 һ򣬵
ʮķչķ˷츲صı仯ǵˮƽõ˼¸м˶³ǡ
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طһɫ˶߸˺ęܼ́ʮƿúųƺͶЩס
Ͳͬһط磬ӥˣȻоζȥû˿⡣
Сʱྩ֪˾ͣȴȻط˽

ӥǰûнָߵͽ븻ûʵĻӵһżǿĴ࣬Ҳ𾪣ݻ̶޷ġ
طϴֵܽãҲ͵ֵܽãԣǲҪ죬ǧҪʡǮ֮һ˵
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ΪྩߵĻ֮һиָʳơŮطҪֻṩƣơơ׾ơƺͺӦоС
ӥƽʱٺȾƣֻȰ׾ƣȰ׾ƣܲסȰ˵ÿǰһƿơ
˵ҺǣҲĽǿϴ󲢼սһǧһԸκﲻҪ󡣡
ӥ˽ֵƵƵɰˮһȣͷǵû˿ıģһĽʺޡ
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һӸҲˣŻүүǸ˲õֻѾˣڵļ忪ʼ·Ҷ١
ﻪȷʵǸ˲ţүү޲ڡ
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֪Ǽ˶ͬ⡣ǸɱȻѾع鲿ӣȺȫѧȫֱжڣȻؼӣǼҳУֻһɱɱдϢ
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඼սϵڻңżиð̵Ҳֻǵܸȣ
طȻֵ죬ѾΪؼӣⱲӶнڻңܺﻪȣһӸ̲ס̾
ѩ㣬Ϸﻪܹһ𣬾ԻΪһμѻ
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Ժ󣬾͵ܵıڵİʱŴ򿪣Żһźɫ۵ĳŮ߳ײ˸ֱӱײڵء

Ůŵüһ
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һĻŻеŭֱ죬ӲųȥӸգ


932 飬
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ˣҲ޷ֹطΪֵܳͷ


933 ŭⱬ

͵ĵͺĺסˡ
Ϊֳľ̺ܸߣΪ˴磬ö֮Ϊྩ֪Ľʻ֮һ
˿̣óȫطΨհط֮ȫûнŻ׼ȷ˵طһȫںŻݱĸо
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ûд𰸣ĺ첻Ҷʣǵط棬ߵԽָʾӳ˰¥KTVʮڵļƵҵֻ
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ӦıһĶ⡣
طһƳ鷭ڵأ


934 ˵
İıͻȻطһƳ鷭ڵأѪ߰ߡ
һĻȫ˵Ԥϣ
ſڣĺԲ۾Ѫı󣬳ɵˡ
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һ޷ݵĿ־壬ǵģֱ̱ɳϣɫף٣һҲҶ
һĻŮ˫ȫͻֻжŵǹŭɢһЩ˫ȭգǴ˼Ѫһ˷ܣǸо޲óȥҲı˦һ⣡
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ŻͣضطͷֱͷסѣѪ߲߰ͣ
ء٣Ҵˣ飬Ҳֵܺͼ̤ľ˵ϣ
ͷŻ̧ͷֻŵطģȻֱۣط˵棬Դ⡣

һĻĺһ㱡
޷ţĻϰ嵱ɴүһԴ⼸λӸ磬гһջһ˹ġ
ͬͣŮ˫ȫͻˣǶûие⡣
ΪǵļУطֵڵ˴ûʴһ˵
ңѡ񣡡
·Ϊӡ֤ͺŮ˵жһ㣬طһοˣƽŻԣȴͬٵС
ûΪŻġԷΪͷŹŻ
ΪֵܣŻԲŹ
ʱƾǿֵ嶯֮£鷳ºҲȻ⵽żҵıⱲҲˡ
һľ˵ĻҪͬŻ˵뿪ˣ
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Ż죬ԺһƬհס
޷Զһֻ֡
ҲҴ绰żҳ
һ棬ȫռҷżҳ֪Իҷá
ΪҪǣط·͸ղһƳ鷭ıֳǿƣżҳطԻ˵żҳ棬ˣ
ʱҲͲǶôˡ
Żظһɡ
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ıٷϻֱӽһƿݵŻǰ
ţ
Ż״һʲôԥһ£ҧӹ˺ƿ
٣Բ𣡡
ŻٴطǸȻƳſںľϣһᣬƿԼ£
飡
һ죬ƿѡ
ŻһƬͨ죬ָûжѡ
Ϊҵʱ򣬿ϣƳ˴󲿷ȡ
ָûжѣŻȴװһʹӣֲֹ
ظ磬㿴𣿡
һĻıǿĵķŭͱطʵ
ৣ
Ӧıһƿ
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طһǰֶȻһӣһŻеİؾƿȻŻƣȻ£
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ƿ䡣
ѪĽŻֱӱ˺ľϣ

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طڣھıŻˣڸˣ


935 ƨҷһ
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ͼɻأȴû뵽Ķططţط翴һ
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Ϊһڣط绹֡
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ͬʱΪKTVĺ죬һ³˹ȵףֻǱһ߽Ԩгžţڶط뿪ֻɬվԭء
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ŻŭҽûǷɿ˵
һ棬֪ŻأлģΪҪǣ֪ʲôط˶򵥣ȻԸŻ
СʱŻ͵ҽԺҽ˵ȡƬȻϴףȷҪ
ΪŻļ񾭶ѣͷҲˣ
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ҪҼԼҲǰж磬Żֱ²ôˣҪҼүӴ绰˵£
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936 ƺ󣬲
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طĻûֻ۵ؿط磬̾˿
ѩôãΪô࣬ҾܵίӦõġط̹ȻһЦȫ⡣
ȻѾҺ費㣬۷ʲô飬ѩϣҪ侲ǧܳ嶯ѩΪѡĬ˼ӣٴοڡ
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ѩ㣬ĳ˵طµȷûҺ죬ҲöԲԡ
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ڶһ磬㴫˻ȨȦӣ˲Сĺ䶯
ͬʱҲܺ棬ϴ¼ûãؼֱϷ˿ڣֻʲôһ
ͬıԤһŻǵûеõοұżү˸Ѫͷżүͬʱʾûô׽
ڶ磬ֲƶרŸطһ绰˽˾֮ǰؼҴԺ
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ӵʱɸϵؼҴԺȫе֪ؽѾˡ
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ؽһһɣҲ֪ǻϰˣǾıȫֱϱֳɫβˣԭ򶼺ˣ
Ҳֹһθ˵ҪӶ෽ȥ
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Ը绰һ׳û׼ת
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ԣǰһȻ첽ؼҴԺԺһʱ䲦ͨĵ绰ԭί֪
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š
ǵͷȻɵؿط磬С磬˵ѩүүͬһɲһ׵顣㱻ӿֿ΢΢
壬ģүүһͬҺѩһ𣡡
طһοڣ֮гš

һ̡
áط򸾣ѩ㣬ȫˡ
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Ǵؿط磬Ǹо·ʣطţӺζ


939 Ȼ
ΪĵģྩӵȫõҽԴĺ
֢޷ϵĹֲȥྩش󼲲ȥྩΣѳΪȫϰյĹʶ
ԴУҽˮƽȣྩ֪ҽԺ߶ţëһѹҡһձ
ȻȨЧġ
ΪżҵĹӸ磬ŻȨ󣬶ǻһȨеٮٮߡ
Ʋ㲻أྩõҽԺģסⲡ
Żڲϡ
һࡢĺʶһŮһԣŻ˲ˮ
ŮģĿΪƽϢŻŭ
ʮ֮ǰŮŻһξĵķŻеԹŭɢ˲١
ӿ԰
ıŶ룬ŮŻιѣЦŴȤ
һ£
Żû˵ţȻŮȳȥһᣬҸĵ顣
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ŮɵصͷȻֶıЦЦ߳
٣ϺΪƽϢŭ𣬿˱ǮǾ˵ԼĽ˿ȸ黭ͨŮ֮ıʲô
黭֪ȷʵ
Ż뵽ŮղŵķЦЦȻ󻰷һתүү˵û꣬ʲô
ط˵Ҫӿһβ͹ңıЦ
ģ
ŻЩɣ˷ܡ
Ұ£㻹ģҲʲôˣȦﶼˡıͷ԰˵
Լطܴ죬ǵ⡣
ϾطǺĴڣһĸĸͽ˼ųƻһȨġɱ񡯣
ôһ˵泩ˣȸղС椸ҷҪˬŻЦ
Ϊ˰ο˵飬طβ͹ҵʱ¼СƵ͡ıֵ
ããã
Ż˵ã϶Цݡ
һĻı֪ԼΪŻģҲЦˡ
۵ǰĻһȨ㣬ط絹ĻһĴ竽˳̨ȡ֮Ϸ
ʱǡΪ֮һųƻĹٳδ֮ǵﻪٳΪŮһЩչ˵ĻδһƬá
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ˣһ̣һʲô
һ˴˯ºЬȥ⣬˵ĸоһҲ⡣
һУֻΪ
һֲŭĸоʱָһַƵĸо˸оʣʱħʹ֮ת
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һԵıĸ𺣣ĿǰĳʵȨŵθְ
ڲԶһˮ
Ŷ̷һ׳£ɫͺɫƤЬ¶͸©һڵϢ
ĳżƣûǹɲŭƣԶͬ˳ȡ
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ֽӹȻ찡ĽһöӰǲļһзﻪһ㣬Ⱳ̤ײĶź
ˣﻪû˵ô㣬ıܵҪе㡣ϾӢŴѧоǺѿϵġ
𿪿ڣﻪ΢΢һЦֵòء
Ҳͻˡ
ЦҡҡͷȻתƻ⣬ʵˣ죬ﻪӦ˵طСӵ˰ɣ
𺣣˵°ɣ˵ˡò˵ؼСĺݣͷȻ˵ԼĿ
٣չۣ첻Զ
Ļ뵽ԼӱطһƣЦѾȷˣҪӡûؼҵĹ⻷ʧȥӵҫҵҪôҵţ
ﻪӳĬ
ʵϣǶ˵Ϣǲܿ϶Ϣ׼ȷԣҲý𺣵Ļ
ﻪ֪һֱѩһѵĻᡣͻȻˡ
壬ȷʵѩ㣬Ҳ׷Ӧ֪ѩطء˽ּˣ׼飬Ҳı䡣
Ҳ˵үүͬطһҲ޷˵ظطġ
ﻪɬһЦ
ﻪ˵ûѩȷˣҲ֪Ҫط硣
𺣵ͷȻһﻪӣǻǶ룬طСʧȥһй⻷ѩһôԼѡĻﻪ㲻лˣ
ô
ﻪһ̲סԼ
ͬʱ
طصྩ½ܲԺĽ¥
򸾶û˯صڿط硣
طţæվطȥķҵصȼһ֧̣ͷš
С磬֪Ҫ𣿡۵ؿط磬ʵ
裬׳绰֪ͨˡطЦŵͷ
ӣܣﲻ㡣
طϵЦݣֻı˺ݺݵһ£ۺۣȻۣһѽط§סĬĬ·Լѡģ費Ȱ㣬㡣
裬ǵؽҪȡѩлԼʱ˵Ļ𣿡
طĸ׵ļ򣬵ڰοĸס
ǵá
̧ͷĨһᡣ
裬죬˵һ㣬һСֱ۾಻ɳӡⱲӣûҪʲôһΣϣΪԼ֤֤û̫үңûؼ֧ңҲȱ˲
طĸײȥϵˮ΢Цʱһش㣬ǻڵġˡ죬Ȼ


940 ˵̬
ΪĵĶ֮һڶࡣ
һԴ㡢Դˡ
УԴ㹲ӣĸӷֱơá塢𺣣Ů𷼡
Ҷ֮Уǿǰ;ΪΪδĽӰˣȻѷɫҲڸȨŵҪְ
֮УҴСѩ㱻Ϊȫ̽Ůǣ󣬶Ψһøǽ˿лȢӣ֪
ĶҲƣĿǰĳƶط٣ĥ
ıڵԱڶ顣
Դһȫ;ͬԴΪ޸ˣŮǶڲӷչ
ʮգԴʮһ죬Դ㡢ԴĺȫżߵҴԺ
ͬؼҼۻһҵļۻҲǰıֿ
УԴԶԴ鷿졣
Ϊ׵ĶԱۼԺıԱԺ
磬ؼСӵ£ô
鷿Դһڲ裬Դʵ
ӵ£ԶӦñҸŶԡԴЦЦûش
ԭؼСʶӻȫֱھ´ͣһҫֻû뵽žͷ顣
Զ̾ؽϵ֪顣ϣؽǵûбҾ˵ؽԶҪ
Դûп
ݡλ֪һкףʵϣҲϸ˽ˡ
磬ѩؼСӵ£ô죿Դٴοʵ
ΪôãԴ㷴ʡ
ţ
Դ㲻ش⣬ԶЩԾʶȤûٿ
Դ˵ԼĿΪؼС̫ˣһŶʱըû֪ʲôʱᱬըҽֹŻ£һ¨ӣɾͽ۽ȥˣ
ԴĻԴĬĬض豭Ҳ֪Щʲô
ͬʱԺҶĳԱҲۼһ
ոյִáط򸾱Χм䣬ΪԵĽ㡣
磬ѩôû
ѩĴȿڴƳĬʵ
⻹˵ѩ϶ҪؼСүף٣
ûشȿ˵еԹ޷Ρ
ԭͷطѩĻ£һֱѩ޸ﻪطִӣطȻˣ
磬ؼСӼȻҪѩһִıǼѿѩСҲˡ
ǰؼС̫ˣ
еҲ̬ˣһȲͬѩطһҲطΪܲ
ã׿ѩؼСһı鲻˵үӵٳһȫڣؼСҪĻɲʲô£Ҫ˼
󿪿ڵƣһҲϣطԴϡ
ԴӺһŮûп
ҵ飬漰δҼ⿪ڱ̬Ǻ޴Ϊ
һ棬ֱֵܡ֮Ǵɣһ棬Ҳõôġ
һطеúطɫƽϵһ
˵Ҷ֪ѩƢӦҲ
óһ£ԼֵܽãɫүؽͨҪıŻԼѩүӷƵүӲòı⡪Ǿã˵𣿡

ԺһƬ˶֪˵ʵѩ֮УΨһΥԴ־ˡ
ΪԴѩ簮֮⣬Ϊѩʵ̫ɫˣ
нѩ㣬Ϊӥգü
ѩۣҲҵĽ
˵Ժ֮УáطǽĻԺ֮Уıǵ֮Ľ㡣
ǰϣطһƣȻطû̫صƣҲˡ
ѾˣȻ࣬ӡһİӡ
ı磬ط̫ˣȻ㶼򡣡
ǰȻҪȢѩ㣬ִˣʲô˼
ǲǾ˺۸

Ժ֮Уʮкϱվһԣĺ棬ӵܷ׷׿ڣΪı򱧲ƽǸоֻҪط֣һͬط硣
˺۸޷ˣΪûƵ
ıһ⣬ȻЦն𣬶Ҫѹָɽ£ƾʲôһֱQ
ı磬طǼһôһӵʵ
ͶѾˣѩûг֣Ҫطһıжϡ
ˣһʲô˼
ǣȢѩ㣬ǵĽ۸ˣŵ
һʱ䣬ӵȺ鼤ѾȲ뿴طˡ
һΡ
ıû˵ʲô
Ϧ£̲סŴԺſڿһۣԺֳ︡ط߽ҴԺκǲɸֳһĨЦ
¾㱸
ţط磬ֻҪҽҴԺţԻǡ˺򡱵ľ棬ֻܼβ뿪
һ̡
һʵطû
δ


941 Ȼ̬ͬȣ
ӵʱΪδӰ˵ôԺԺıΪ׵ӵǷ׷ֹͣۡ
塣
ˡ
ı˷׷ʺãĺ壬ĺˡ
΢΢ףȻؿıһۡ
⣡
йԵʣõĿ⣬ıͷһʶŲĿ⣬öӡ
ջĿ⣬ֱԺſڡ
죬Լۻ֮⣬ԴλҲף١
Դ㰲øӭӣͷźšԴյδӰˣҲλռͽϵ
ӺһĳרƵĺγʻӣҴԺſͣ£һͺ˴ӳ£˾뿪
պΰԴ֮һĿǰĳְ֮ģС
¸磬þò
΢ЦӭϣûԹְƺԵøС
ðĽ㰡˵һֱֵôáΰЦЦȻʵү廹ðɣ
ͦõģء
΢΢һЦȻźΰ߽ҴԺ
塣
Ժı˿ΰ׷׿ʺá
ΰ΢ЦŵͷӦȻططѩ㶼ڣ΢΢һûбϡ
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һΣҴԺԴλ֮СһλǮ֣֣ʮ˶ĳʡȨ࣬ڶһǵ丱Ϊ
֮ͬǰӴΰһǮֽ˶ݵĽ֮󣬴ǮǰȥݷԴ㣬ȻԺſڣȴ길ӵĵ
˶ԣﻪԴҪĿˣ
Ϊǰ߱Ϊһ¥ķ⽮֮һ߸ǱΪҰȽȽǣδɾͲȡ˱ǣΪһ
ĸϣĶŶҪӡ
ĳ˵ҲĳЩ˼ѩطһҪԭ֮һ
ǸӶ˿һģӿ̳ġ
ﻪ³֮ӭϣЦ˵
Ϥ˽ϵҲ˾ڻ᳡һβμӹͬѵ֮࣬ͬꡣ
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ã˵ﻪġ
ЦŴȤͬһ꣬ô󼸸¡
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ټĻģΨһһ㣡
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ıĽĿУﻪֱӸŸ𴩹ԺԺ
ټĻģ׿Լ˲˵ܹ߽ңֱȥүүģҲֻﻪˡ
һĻһӵ̲ס̾õ˰ıͬ
һҫ
ǡ
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𰤸֣к˿ûаڼӡ
һ棬ǰûʲôӿɰڣһ棬Ҳڽ˻ᣬ˰ܸԼĶӡ
ﻪڸ󣬰Ϲʺá
к֮ﻪ˸鷿
٣ﻪıʮƽ·ֻȥһͨˡǸ߸ϵȨߡ
֣ⷬҳУǰޣһԱط磬Ӿﻪѩһԣ
ͬʱ
طʻѩĳѩ㣬ҲҴԺſڡ
ſڿյģûӭǡ
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򸾰طԴ׼
ѩط磬Դֹףٵ˴ط绹ǰոĸ˼ˡ
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طͷ˳ֵֽн֡
ѩ㲻ٷϻֱסط֡
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ɵѾͷõģҶ㲻ʲôҪҡطЦ
֪ҲţҾǣ߽Ժߵ˵ǰѩص󣬵ᶨ
طԣû˵ʲôֱǣѩ֣ᶨ߽ҴԺ
ৡ
ܿģطǣѩԺ˲˰ıӵܵĿ⡣
ѩøɩĿͶˡ
֮ǰﻪʱͬΪ˺ӵڣطĿûĽеֻ͵⡣
٣û뵽Ļ
ȻŶǲ֪үүĹ涨Ǿȱˣ
ꡭС㣬˼ҿһԲϾͻ˵ģСֽѵǣ
ӵǷ׷䳰ȷ
Ƕط̬ȣ֮ǰﻪ̬ȣ֮
죡
ѩüͷһֹ
㣬ܵҲΪá
ѩһڣЩڵӵܷ׷ױͣıǰһվǰ棬ǴƵģɫƵضط磬һһǶϣ޸Ҳӭң
ı󡭡
ѩüͷ壬ضıͼѵ⣬طһѣŤͷط硣
Ϧ¡
طҡͷʾҪ
һĻʹ޷
Ϊ
֪Ǹһ̳ͽԪˣƵؼҼؽµͷ꣬ǺεȵĽ
һ̣Ǹһǵ꣬ȴΪҪڽ죬ңѡ
ɵϣ㲻ġѩۣ˵
Ϊ㣬ֵá
ط΢΢һЦ
ѩˮ
Ⱳ黰


942 絶
˵һԸΪΪҪĶһǰġ
Ҫġ˶졣
ȨǽǮʱ;ϣ
Ϊ˲ѩΪѣΪ˲ѩ˷ӵܵ䳰ȷطһǣǵûӵԣһֹѩ硣
һУļǿѩˡ
Ը⣬ΪֵãҲá
ܿ죬ѩЦˣط΢ЦҡҡͷȻȥϵˮĿ絶һɨıˣһһԼ鶼ܲãȻҵ飿˭ǵʸ˭ǵҵ˵ҵˣ

ѩĻѩеǷŭ⣬ıڣӵȫ͡
˵ѩҵĽǶ㲻ϡ
ڲⲿǶ޷ѩᲢۣʸѩָֻţ
죬ҰѻˣǶ˲ⱲӲҪΪκ飡ѩٴοڣֱ档
ৣ
ı˵ɫʱˡ
Ц
ѩҵ֮Ůǻȫ̽¹δɾͲ˭Ըʧȥѩİ
ǽȥɡ
ۿı˼нͣѩջĿ⣬ط˲ǿƵŮĽޡ
š
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ŸĸĻͬʱҲѩΪѣʶѡ̣ѩֱӷˡ
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Ȼ棬ѩ㲢ûʡ
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ԺΰǮȡãΪ˽㡪ҶԱΧм䣬˵Цʲô
Ȼ
طѩĵ˲ԼͬͣĿͶˡ
УΰǮ΢΢Щ졣
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ѩ㣬ϲǶлԼҲֹܲܲǶɣһ򲽽Ƕû԰ð
һΣڵѩƷ壬üѩѵǵûаãסǴҵ죬ǽıˣ˵ôˣ˵ô
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ط翪ˣ̬Ⱥܺã֮ܿҲȷﲻΪǣΪԴ㣡
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صĻɫЩѿǲõؿء
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Ҳˡ
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ߵĻһ۾ˣɣԴ顣
ط磬ﻪûие⣬Ҳû¶⣬ﻪǶط΢΢һЦֵúѺá
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á
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ӺȥżǸؽ𰸣


943 ˵㣬ǲ
Ժ֮Уɵ󣬵һ
ৣ
ɵĻѩɫ˲ͱˣ
ǸԼүүˣǲط磡
ѩ㣬áط򸾵ɫҲˣãһء
ΪؼǵãղԴﻪӽ̸ʱ²ްƣӡ
֮⣬ԶԴ򸾶Ҳ鷿ԴôϢ
Դֻ˽ڶѣ
ͬʱΪҶԱЦˡ
áءѩһ֪ǽڣôܿ
һ̣ǿط磬ͷ·ڿһֻڱݡ
ΰǮֺﻪҲڿط磬˼ͬ
УΰǮ겻ѡ
ʱǰǸķƣһ紵ݶܾĸ磬һһ𶯳ҰĴ£
죬ףٿ֮Ψһһġ
ҲΨһһԴ֮ģ
ͬʱҲΪͬ顣
Щˡ
ΪԴȻϣԼĶܹӭȢ涼ܳڵѩ㣬ӶϼףΪﻪδ춨ʵĻ
Դܾط磬ѩΪԼϱϣ
ͬ
ﻪܸӡ
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ѩЩֻŶ۵ŤͷŽߵط磬ſ죬˵ʲôȴԺһƬհס
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ĳЩ˵ƤǱȳǽ񰡣ʱˣȻվҪͺˣ
·Ϊ˻ӦáطƵģıĸ׿ˣֵ
ѩ㰡үү̬ѾȷˣǵҲϣһҽ飬ֿɡſڣȰ˵ѩ뿪ط硣
ѩ㣬˵еҪ濼һ£Ҫ̫ˡϾ鲻˵飬˵顣ƿڸ͡
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Сã˵طʲôʸң
𷼳ԵĻѩһЩʧأָط׿Ĳ˵طȫѧھʶӶȫֱھң˭ټĻģ𣿡

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壬ҵˣֻҪϲӣ裬ҲûΪҴʲô
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947 ķڷ
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Ϊط磡


948 ȿ
ҹĻ٣Ƴϡ
ҹһҴԺƻͨ
ԺϣԴ˱߳ԱģʱԴ˵
ҵڶԱѵԴ˽ĵĻᣬǶϧ
һԣѾһˣСǶѾȥˡ
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ֻĺܸɴҡҡͷһһĻ侭紵ȦĻҰǣҵıӻ³ɳ޷ͻ񾳣Ҳ޷ϣ顣
˵콵˹ˣȿ־ǣ·ܳҲܼѡѪϴ飡
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طȻվԶĵ·ϣźҶ䣬·˴ȻϸظŴȻ
ûֻյĽ̸Ҳ֪ղŵǷԻζʲô



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ֻҡҡͷȻֲǵЩ棬ɨƽһֵ壿飿

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طڵ̨ʵݳ֮վڵĻǰֻĺΪƿĻһǡ
뵽ĻϷȴֻһ



954 ֯
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ΪΣֻܲӵа칫һŽܹ㣬һдõģϢõġ
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957 ɪɪ
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ͣһɪţһ֧ѩѣ
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ȥֵܵԣҲսǰԣ


961 ޷ˣǰ
Դؼ̫үȥ֮ؽؼҴԺ
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ԴӰؼҴԺ֮ؽͰ칫ȥǽԺİ칫ˡ
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Ϊղźͬж֮󣬷׷׳ǹ˳ȥͬ˲䵹Ѫ֮С
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968 
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ʶҪʲôʱüҲʼֳ־塣
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969 
һɫǳɫ͸״ʣǿҵĴ̼ԣζڴ⣬ȼ㼫ͣһӴͻȼգɫͬʱɢŨҵ
Ӵ˵Ƥᱻ͸Ȼ뵽ͷ
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ˡ
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ӡ֣ɱҡɱң
еĺ٣ֹͣ˷˫ͨ죬沿ŤԵһ㣬ضط磬֮гĺ⣬Ǹо޲̽طʬΡ
˵ǶνٳְɱĹĳͷ
طڲԶ˿⺣ٵĺ⣬һݳ
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ͻȻǷһ㣬˻ЦЦԹֲ
ڰĳϣǻ۷ʵҲս۷塣ţֻǻڵʱձɱͬʵɾ̣ô϶ɱأ
ط΢΢һЦɵЦһ̣ݺݵ˺ٵУúٵʹ౻Ŵ
Ϊеһ˿Ǹڱ䳡ϣطްͺ˱ɣڲƷʽǰ£طδؾͻ
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ٱϸ΢仯طЦˣһ£Ϊ̩̹ʳôڳٳֻʵйأ̩̹ѵԲУ
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Ǳ͵еܣԼڴһжΪӰٲʹ֣ܻſͣͼ˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵ʲô
֮ǰͨʱᵽκôңӦκŮˡ
ʱطһοˣĻһһͱٵ࣬˵κȫѧϰֻܸһ⣬㣬һαɲı䡪Ļ
֮ǰֹһΣһܣڲмʱ򣬱ɵ͵Ϯ˲ӡ
㡭˵ܸΪгǾУԻ˽Ļᣬ˲ӡ
طκ飬ܵ˾޴̼һ㣬ش
ƭ㣬һֱ뷽跨ҪңҵС

һΣط罫Ļ˵꣬ٱشϣ뵽κһһ˵ҪɱطĻ
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;˫ĥĺ٣׵׵ıˣͣغţֻطܹɱ
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涨
һĻ
ʷҲǣ


970 նս
Ϊ̩̹ͼո˵İͿԼһϵǸͷˣΪʲôôù
ȣ̩̹֯ٳֻĹҲͰˣȻϽͼգ
̩̹ص֪һкȷƲ̩̹֯Ĺϵһľŭڹܻľŭ
˦ʺ̩̹صĸףҲöʮֵ̺Ǹ޴ŮˣҲֻˡˣ˭ﲻ
ΣΪ֯ʴͼյԵʣͿ⣬صˮ۵Ĺ﷢йģڶֱӱŲˡ
һ̣Ϳ㱻ŵûɢ
󣬰ͿΪ˻ӶԺǸ޴Ů˳Թԣͬһ㽫Լ֪һиǸˡ
ǸûаԼŹǽһĺ䣬Ұסֽš͡ĳأ
Ȼ޷ڣͿȻϧԴײĺ䣬ͼ˹ãûκηӦ
󣬾͵Ϳʱ䱻˴ˡ
ͻһĻðͿ֣ȻطͬħһӡԺӺϵļȻ޴棬ȡ֮ǿֻš
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طһѴӰͿֻڣֱӱݡ

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طսСӣԲ˼ķʽȫֱھȫ
Ϊ̩̹죬Ȼ˵飬ҲطĴ׹
ΪҪǣΪ֯ٳֻĹ¼ؽӶˣͬʱĳܻľŭ˶ڵµ״̬
һ£ͻȻӵطĵ绰
ܲ𾪣
ãط£̩̹֯ûκιϵûвٳֻĹ¼
ݵ͸æͣƲ֯Ĺϵ
֯Ѿˡ
طشصĻȻѾ֪̩̹δ֯ʵʩٳֻĹ¼̩̹Ҳӵظ֯Ȼûʲô
⣡
طĻͷһȻٴοڣ֮ǰӼˣط£ҷģҺ̩̹֯ûκιϵ
Ϊ£Ҿ㣬ұ֤ľˡ
ط粻ӣֱ⡣
Ϊݺ˵ڰϺܿҪϵˣֶ룬̽תƵȫĵطȻʵʩԼļƻ
ʲô
æʵ
һҵսѺܿͻǰҲϣ·;гκζ⣡ط˵һ¡
û⣬ұ֤һ̩̹ʿľĳӣشӦúܿ죬Ҳܸɴࡣ
ڶ֪ڰڳͼոLĵ̡ҪṩǵľȷλúͶ̬
Բ¡ңɻɣǳ̩̹ĳ
ط˵ڶ¡
⣡
ͷٴһ𣬵ްͺ˵ȷ̩̹
ò˵ܹΪ̩̹죬֮
Ȼ˿̵оţȴ侲ǣû֮ǰڻӦط磬Ѹٷط仰˼
ܿ죬жϳطҪڰĳԱ֣
ЩԾͬʱѸٷеס
ط˵ȥˣôΪطİףڰȻ
ѡܾұ֤֯·̩̹ΪLʷǧҪҵնͻľս
ۿسĬطֱӷ档
ҡҴӦ
ͷһæӦ
ΪڰȻֲԶûлľĿ־
οֻҪܾطҪʵʩնжûһ˿տطİɱл
ްͺ˿Ǻڰĳϣȥɱǣ
£ֳɻ


971 һʧ
Ϊ̩̹죬ŲLװ鱨ǿ󣬶Ժڰʮ˽⣬֪ڰľԱɺһЩԱʵ
֪ڰĳһӲս۷塣
طʵսڡ
˫ֻС磬ͬΪߵףѧԽԽѣսһСʵǺġ
Ȼʮֺһ㣬غʶȤûжʣǵط£뽫绰Ϳ
á
طѳѡҪͿʶûٶ˵ʲôֱӽ绰ݸ˰Ϳ
ã졣
ͿЩãȻؽӹ绰·δطлع񣬻е˵ʺ
Ϳط¸ղŵĻ㶼ôʡ
ǵģ죬ҶˡͿһʱӦ
ȻˣҾͲظˡ
˵ӹɣ뱣֤ľ˴ŻĹͼ뿪Ĺвᷢκ⣬Ұιʨӣ
ǡǣ죡
Ϳľս֪ؿɲ˵˵ģĻô
һͷӣΪ̫רУĴ治صΥͱصƤιʨӡ
ԴǼ֮µͷӣȫΩǴӣκζġ
֮⣬طµκҪҪʺţҲκ
ֿڲ֪˵Ϳ˵طġ

ͿֱȻƵػصǣ죡
ͨжϣͿɫѿؽֻݸط硣
طӹֻתԲԶ˵λ̩̹ͼյİͿ

طĻ뵽ط֮ǰͿӺŰͿҵģΪ׵167ͳͳɵˡ
͵LˣLľƺ˽⣬֪̩̹Lζʲô
̩̹һطǰͷ·Сһǽһľս
֮⣬ղŵ绰ͷˣǴ˵еءطͨʱ򣬼õĿǣ
⡭ǵ𺳿֪
ͿӦ˵̩̹ظղѾӦˣԲһ̩̹ʿ뿪
˻عطٴοڡ
ء
ϵ˲˼
޷ط絽ʲôֶΣLưԵ̩̹
Ƕ֪û̩̹ǿƽظϵϽȻȫ뿪L
һżӣط̧󣬿˿ʱ䣬жʮӣҵսѻϵ뿪
л
ʶٴεлδ˵ڣ㱻طֹл
ʮӺӥŮ˫ȫͻ˳һŵطڵĵط
ӥ˱طСʱϷLķɻûطL׶ֱֱڰʻ䡣
֮⣬LɳڻȺ򣬹ʶʱ䣬ٶطϡ
ӳ
ӥ³̳֮ط硣
£ȫװϻŲᣬһҪμս̬
ʵϣǵϷɻʱ򣬵ȷ׼·ɻͿʼսġ
Ȼ
ǻٴӰͼյ·;Уӵط֪֪ͨطѾսɹ167Ĺ
Ǽ˷ܵͬʱҲһ˿źδط粢ս֯Ϊȥĳͱ
ӥʶӴ167ǰȷȫؽϷɻطûзϻֱ⡣
Ȼڵ绰ѡ񽫹ط粻ҽжעѺϣʶصصȵӥˣתʡ
һطڻˣթӥ˵սҲԱʵİȫ
֮⣬ὫͿԼߣΪʣֱʳװȫתơ
ǣ
ӥȻѵȺļÿЩɵӳʮתô
š
طͷȻ͵̩̹ľǵѾӦתʡ֮⣬̩̹ͼյĸ̩̹һһʱšԴ
ءط£ģһٸӣҲôͿɫһ䣬æ³ŵ
ڵƣûصҲԻطƴӡ
ΨˣܱסС
֮Сˣ̩̹LȨǳưȫ򣬸һëǮĹϵ
ͿĻӥطĿųݡ
طһˣɹ֯167Ĺ񣬶ⶼˣνһʧû̩̹תʽͳԷˮһ򵥣
ӥûоԵ飬ǻҪС£ȷʵİȫ
ط״ֿڶһ䣬Ȼ󲹳⣬һˣȵ˻ȴơ
ǣ
ӥٴȻЩɻʣӳأ㲻һô
֯⣬кڰˣȥǣطʵ˵
ʦҸһȥŮԣս
Ůӥ塢˫ȫҲֹ
һȥǸȫתʡL֮е񣬱κ鶼Ҫ
طҡͷֱӾܾŮսҲӥδ˵ڵĻ˻ȥȻȵ²˳٣ж
ǣ
ӥ˴ȻѸ֯167Զ˾Աϳ
ͬʱ
طһѽͿһֻСһǰǼܸոͣ䲻õװֱ
ȫѧϴκ֮ڶζԺڰ֡
Ҫִɱްͺˣߺڰһ¡
һߣ


972 ǿӢ
£һԽҰٵʻڹ·ϣͼʻȥ
ްͺ˵ɫʮѿ
ǽӵһʱϵLĿǸ֯ƨɣȷ˴ʵ˳ɣͬʱԺڰΪնطϹ׽طɱ
طԤǰϵLҽ֯ʵ鲻òֹʹڰͨ˴ʵƻҩļƻ֮
һУܲõްͺ˷ŭ
꣬Ҷĺ£ΪûҶʹ;֮УûɱֻǽУȴû뵽Ҷֽ̳һͽܣͽƻǵĺ£ǲ֪
곤ĵްͣ˸ɭɱȿڵ죬ǾԲǸСֻ뿪
ûгɳţϡҵǸС֣Ҫ֫šԴι㣡
һ˫ȭſµɱ⣬һ㣬ֱط̣ȻʵްʹʦǻɱطǸСֺЩô
Ȼȫ׽ʵ顣⣬⣬лֲӵ˸ϵҲȫץߡʵɱͨЧõöࡣްһЦ
⡭᲻ûľ֯񣿡
Щģڻľͻ֯ǺηģǺߡ
ľͻ֯ȷǣ֯ģζ֯еʲôϵأ
ްЦżϷʵĸо
ްʹʦӢ
ްⷬŭеͻȻЦõް͵ֱ̫ˡ
Ȼ
ܿ죬ϵЦ˲̡
Ϊƾ輫ǿһֱͬӥһ㣬
һAH-64װֱ׳ư棬׿Խܡʵս֣Ե֮һֱװֱۺаһ
ް͵ʵ֮ϣҲ˰װֱҵһʱüʵǼֱô£
ĵްʹʦֱ̩̹֪ģǵĵֻ̣ǵֱС
̩̹ʿһɵػӦǵֱͱˡ
Ȼ
ĻȻֹ
ΪؿǼֱڿڶ׼ķ΢Цһ㣬е
Ȼֻһ̩̹ͨʿڰװֱİ
Ļһÿص㣬ÿصܹһߺ߹-70һAGM-114̹˵װM-299͵ܡ
˵Է䵼ܹϵ̹˲ը٣
֮⣬Ļ·һM-203E-130mmڣ625/֣1000/֣ڿڳ808m/sΧΪҸ110ȣصߴ11001200
M-203E-1ҪΪM-789߱˫;ɱ˵ɻװ׳ս̹˽Ϊ붥Աɱ˰뾶Լ5m
仰˵°ûйҼϵĵƾҲΪ沿ӵجΣ
һĻοްͺˣ
⣡
ްͺͬʱпӿֳǿҵΣС
һ棬ǸǣǼװֱǳģΪνڿڶ׼ǣ
һ棬Ѿ书۷ǣΣų޷ӵеĸӦ
ǷΣеʹ£ްͺٶײĳš
飡飡
죬೵ӦްͺŶ
ʱ
䣡
䣡
䣡

촫̹˵װM-299͵Х˲ʻ˲ը·ֱӱըϣըӣΧ׷Χ֮ڱɨ
ްͺȻʱӦΣ˷ӦȻ
УΪֱ̫ӱһѪ⣬ʬ޴档
ްȻ³֮󣬵һʱףȻƷڵأͷ·һ㣬۵ò˹ȥ
ûٴܣǽĿͶ˸װֱֻţ·ϵ۱طΪѾըˣӶӹһ١
ܷʵܹǸС
ա
һ̡
ڵް͵עУװֱĵڿʼ˷ɨ䣬һſM-789߱˫;ɱ˵˲佫ԵްΪĵķԲʮ׸ǡ
ް˲䱻УըΧĵֱӱݣΪһӣĹһ㣬ѪС
ˣطֹͣȻؼʻŰװֱԭ·ء
ͿղһĻˡ
֮࣬Щؿط磬гʣѾõըˣΪʲôҪõɨأ
ûд𰸡
Ϊͨ˵İͿ޷һǿ߶ΣĸӦΣʱķӦ
ҲطΪʲôʻװֱӽŽԵʡװֱĵԶＸѻɱ۷ߡ
ʵӡ֤طжϣ˶̵ľйްͶߡ
ӥĿѻɱǵꡣ
طûһµİͿóߵϵӥ
ӳһû̩̹ڡӥһʱش
յǻϣ
طӦȻжϵʻװֱӥڵȥ
ʮӺ
طʻŰװֱӥ˵Ͽգһʱӥ˵ע⡣
ӳ𣿡
ҡ
طӦȻĿͶ·
·ϣһŵʻǰŮ촰˫ץһǺ죬ǺӭչڳѤĿ
ʮÿڴŵ167Ĺÿһĳ߶һСǺ졣
ܿģӺƺƵش̩̹ľӪᴩ·ѱ̩̹ĹٱĬĬעӣһ˸
һĻÿΪ׵167Զ˾Ա
ǡΪĹĽԺ
ǻžһ·ϣ֤˳ͨУ
ŵԴ⣬ţ쳹ʡ
ǡĵǿ
װֱطĬĬעһУƽˮ
ĬĬӢۡ


973 ٶ
װֱʱطһյؽ䣬ûмʻװֱǰ
һ棬װֱͨĳϿպͽLز׼һᵼ»ĺɡ
ΪҪǣʻװֱΪ˸ӱݻ
񳵶ѾִLĵ̣ΣˣȫûбҪʻװֱˡ
Եҵʿϵ뿪ô
װֱͿһؿط磬Ǳ鶼ˣĻҺпܱߡ
ܣ
ȰͿ˵꣬طҡҡͷ
Ϳʲôϵ
Ϊ̩̹òط綼ͿһĽѵ
£طװֱȻŲԶĹ·ȥ
ӥ˽ͣȴطϳȻһͬǰ
һĻͿҧҧȻֱӶ˼۸񰺹İ棬ǾС¹һ㣬һͷǽӡ
ȻװֱĻԻʿȸ
Ͼĵ̣LڶУ
ʱ޶
ܿģطһÿ뻪Զ˾Աһ𣬸󾯽䡣
ˣ
ʮԶ˾ԱطϳһʱʺãϳŸм
طѾֹһ˵ǸлȻøַʽǷݸм־õڹͣ
Сʱ󣬳ӵִȻһ·ͨ裬ʻӥ˷L˵ǼܴͿͻ
ͻΧˣLפĸĪ£L⽻Ÿ˺عԱагˣ뻪פLʹ̩ʹݵĹԱվһ
֮⣬ʮߣLģлĵģһЩҵġ
˴Lʽٳ¼ȫȫڸ߶ȹע
м߶һʱбӶ߸˺ýӰ
ͻܱȫ˰صľ֮⣬ʿϽ˵Ƚ
Ҳָ򣬶δõϽա¼ƵͲɷá
˵ĵȴУӳ֣ӭչǺۣ˵Ŀ⡣
һĻ̩Ϊ׵ĻפLʹݵĹԱǸеһ󼤶ԺLľˡԱ;ʮĽĽǺĹǿʢ
ǣ
ǣ
ǣ

ͬʱǵõ׷׶ʻĳգ¿ż
󣬵֮ͣ󣬸𾯽ʿ;ƣЩƵطֻ
̩LפĪ⽻һͬΪ׵Ĵŵǵ¡
ܿ죬ǵע£ŵŴ򿪣ӥŮͳ³ûӭ̩ˣվԭصȴǵĶӳ
ӥУطУأ
̩ûпطӰЩ졣
ĪL⽻Ҳһɻ
ǲ֪طǴ˴λֲӵĸˣҼƾһ֮ʡ
ӳһϡӥָָһ
ৡ
̩˲ԼͬؽĿͶһȻطӳ£ȻһϵĻĹ
µʣ׷վԭأط߹󣬲Ÿڶ档
һ
طߵһǰʱ167Ĺȫ󣬻˫ȫߣӥŮͳѸٹӡ
һĻڳÿһˣ
ټֳȸ˵ĿȫۼΪ׵طϡ
ǿһͿŲᡢƽܵ167Ĺĸм𾴡
طУˡ
ݵ̩æӭȥ˫֡
ط֣ժսףסְ̩֣ڣܴʹˡ
طУλĪѾˡλL⽻ɭ
̩ɿ֣ȻΪطĪɭ
Ǻã
طԣӥĪɭ˾
Īһʱ񣬶ɭǰط֣˵طУڻĹ񱻽ٳֵ¼ҴL168Ĺ񣬻лʾǸ⣬ҲɹӪȳʣʾϵл⡣
ÿһλĹİȫǻľ岻ݴǵΣΪʲôҪлأط΢΢üɭ
ɭϵЦݶʱһȥΡ
طУĽľˡҵһɫζЦѡ
ۿЩΣĪֻЦſԲ
ĪӦĽһǿ
ط΢ЦӦȻؿˣ̩ܴʹǵľ嶼ܵ˲̶ͬȵĴˣҪ̵ǻȻΪṩˮʳﻹϸĵչˡǻع
š
̩ͷȻǰվطߣԲλΪʹݵװޣǲܵһʱȳǣֻܵȵֲӵսʿ
£̩167ĹϹʾǸ⡣
棬ҿʼεǻɻгˮʳҩƷ
ɻὫǴྩʻȻר˽ǻؼҡͬʱʹݻɹԱѰǵ˽Ʒжʧǻϼǲ
ллл
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ǻ
̩˰ָ֣ʾ

ȺÿŻԶ˾Ա첽ͻ
ӭؼҡ
ԣȫԱųһУ׷΢Цӭ
ĸ֣ڣлԶ˾ԱӯһЩ˸Ĩᡣ
һĻԶļ߷׷
󣬼ߵľɷ롣
̩ʹطУɷǡ
ܿ죬о˽ӵ»㱨̩ط˵
طУ
̩ԣȿڣ׼طܲɷá
ΪطӪжĹؼ˵ӪжطһɸΪǡ
ܴʹҸߣбԣȥܲɷðɡطҡͷܾ̩顣
ǡðɡ
طôһ˵̩ҲǿϾҲ֪ⲿӶб
£ֱ̩˼ڵ
һĻٴóֻ㣬һЩصؽͷ׼ط磬ֻĵطͿĨŲĲ
λڣXXXLУ뻪פLʹ̩ʹǡ10.7ֲϮ½չ
ԻĵļߵõȽвɷãǼ򵥵ؽȻ㽫Ͳݵ̩ǰʵ̩ʹʶȳЩֲӶ𣿡
ǵģпֲӶǵֲˣ167ĹȫȳĿǰڵǻܿͻصڡ
̩ڴȻһŮһơ
ҺãABC¬ȣ10.7ֲϮѾȥ˶ʮСʱĿǰѾȫȣٶٴ磡
ļ¬ò˼̾һȻŽͲݵ̩ǰʵ𾴵̩ʹ10.7ֲϮոչȥʮСʱʾͱɹӪˣٶǸе𾪡֪һģ
Ϊһǿһ֧֮ʦÿһλ绪ͬļǿܣ
̩˵ţȻ鲻Խ⿴ԶǸΪ̲꣬סĬĬһ䡣
ΪһλĻӢۣ


974 Ӣ
10.7ֲϮʮСʱ󣬻ֲӼֲӣɹӪ127Ĺ񣬻ٶٴ磡
һγɹӪж֤ǵǿĹ֮һ
ǵĹʲôʱܹһӵڶʱڴͻ¼ܹﵽٶȵһҲã

죬ȫý۽167Ĺ񱻳ɹӪȵ飬ý׷Ϊĵǿе̾ͬʱԼڹӦ¼÷뻪Ĳܴ
֮⣬ͼҲȫý顣
ýͼȻͬͬС죬š
һǳʻͻĻ棬ӭչǺ˵Ŀ⡣
ڶǻԶ˾Աս˵ӭؼҡĸֺӯĻ档
ƬطΪ׵սСӵĲգطվǰ棬ΪǶ⣬޷˿ĳֻ࣬ܿͦεͲ
ԭýļ߶طսСӣ167ĹͻƬֹ
ý嶼ˢˣοý壿
ˣҵĹ
ıŹڸýͷͷ
ýֻһƬͬڵý˺öͼ
˽ЩͼƬɶƵڶƵվ˽ƬƵ΢ŹںšȦ΢顣
УƬսСӵĲգǳƬǰط硣
Ǹ˧
ǰȻĳ࣬һ˧
һλļֱû˭ˣ
һλϸϣṩ׼ȷϢͣ
ӣһѣȥ

ʮСʱڸýͷǴ˴¼طҲΪ죬һЩС⡣
ʮСʱطΪ׵սСӺ167Ĺר׼ʱྩʻ䡣
ˣ
ǻصˣ
ɻصһ̣ﲻٻԶ˾Ա棬ֻԼڹŹһˣڱط缰ʱ˻
һУǶطĸмŨ·ɻ֮ǰתطΪ׵սСӾϹл
׳˵ǼΪˣһýŲɷǡ֮⣬ͨвԷǰڡ
һԶ˾Ա뿪طЦΪ˱ع⣬׳ǵʺͼ뿪֮ߣҪϱ¡
ӳ˫ȫЩš
æͳֻ
ﰥΣǳ֣
죬ڷɻֻ֮뿴ǱûнϢȻطĻ˳ִҳԼһ˵Ƭͷͷš
սǵĻطҲóֻص˷ģʽ
ˡˡˡ
ֻǿģʽһһֱͣ𶯣άһӡ
Ҫģʽˡ
ֹͣطЦֻȫ΢Ϣ
ϴţƣ
һϴȥˣ
ϴĴڣҾԼһ

ϢǡֵȺЩԺСǵһʱȺLʱӪȵ顣
ط⿴˼ȻЩεعصˡֵȺ㿪ˡۻᡱȺ
Ȼ¾͡桢ԼطڵȺ
ȺֻطȻŮһ˽ȺƤؼ˽ȥٺطμȫѧʱҲˣˣȺҲˡ
̵Σӣϸ۵Ļ󣬵һʱϻضһȥˣ
ң˵°̵ûװֱˣȻ˲ʮСʱͳΪȫĿӢˡҲţһ㣿
͵ķԣԹء
˵ðűʹķգҹϻ˶طӰӶûм
粻ΪӢۣҳΪ졣Ȼ춼÷磡
īɵķԣڰۼŵײĥʮùûκʱ䣬ط˼Ĵָʼչעط˵Ķ
ףشʦ㷢ԡ
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Ϊط˵Լܣ¶²ٽţǻָıɫһǵۼĿǰĳıߣҶдٷԴб赣ģžͲһˡ
СȻ˵ƶţճйĵ绰ȨòãҲܳ
ղŷܱ飬ĿǰڳǵϺձ顣һǰ鼸ᷢ
طû˵ֱؿǰΪյһš۵ŮˣаЩľ
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ڹţ׼ȷ˵ǹɫҵʱѾԼŬˣȻںܶ⣬Ҵĵ˵ţ䡣
ֻҪͷҿ԰浱óĵĽĸ
ûٻѿȥͺȰֱ⣬˵ԼĿġ
ɹһ׷档
ʧܣԹ޻ڡ
showhand



980 ˣ
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ƾʲô˵㣬ղ˵ĻΪĵĵĸ
Ƚĺ̸ǹؼλÿ߶֪ĵ
·Ϊӡ֤طĲ²һ㣬һЦ̸ġ˵ɱҵɷ򡣰յ˵Ӧú㣬ϧһдȥɱΪȥɷ򱨳ʵϣңȷġҷҸһ㡣
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ЦЦݣóֻСشطֻ룬̲סԼүүеĹô


981 Ѹ
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С㣬˫˸㡭
ȻµĻǮıЩΣǺܹ˵
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ż־ƣʾ𾴣ʱĿ˾ˣȸӣֿÿ澡ˣҪǿͨ˵ʱй۲죬Ѱҿ˵ߡ
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982 
谵ĵƹ⣬֣ɳƵͳĺʱļУžƾζζˮζͺζĻǿŨױĨŮɣƾռݴԵˡ
ǹưһ¥ҡɵĻ棬Ҳÿһҹдա
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ųǿʣˣıǴ󿪴ϡʤ书ǰڣҲɿһİߡ
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ҦǳĻҦǲһӣͻȻ뵽˽Ǹˣ뵽Ͷ飬ŭ


983 ·

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ڶᣬû˵طģǾûʸǸȦӡ
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Ȼ󡭡
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984 ֦ͷ
ľưطÿһ˵Ķ𣬼˵ɫһ䣡
Ϊ˶Ժ󣬳޵Ľ˵㡱仰ζʲô
ӽ½ܳ޺ҹĻȨ͵ɱȨ
á
𾪵ͬʱµĽһȦ΢΢һ죬ضط˵ͷ
طͬͶû뵽طһͬ⡪Ҧһٶʱط統
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ĵĿͷأľͷʬ嵹ڵϣ
̵Ѫ˲佫Ⱦͨ죬̱ǵѪζա

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ΪϵĴɣˣҲɱˣҲֹһֵط統棬׼һ˲µͷ­˲ˣֱӻʡ
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ϣʻĴ֪˲طĶ֣ʶߣֽŲõӾذֱӹᴩԴ
£Ķͣ󱻺û
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ȻطÿһεĴ˵һ֪طʲô̶ȣû׵ġ
ֱ˿̣ط統棬ͬвһɱ£ᵽΪĵط־ͻɫԻĵ˶ԣطһĴڣһ֣ɣ
ܹ˰ɣ
ɱ֮ط翪ڳʵ
š
ʶͷƺδطлع
طԣٶ˵ǰĲһ£ȷ岻ڶʱѸ뿪㣬ʻңݴ棬ʱûͣ˺롣
ͣ£طѸٴӴѳһЩӦҩ´˿ڣҽ˿ڰ
һʻҴǰȸۣһҾͣѾ뽢кˣعҽһУʵ߹ڵľ졭
һУط翴£ڶ
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˵꣬㱻´ϣأ
鶫Ƿֲճ
ط΢΢˫ۣɱէ֣


998 ӻԼ
ʱ򣬺Ҹ߿գĵأӳϺӣӲӵһƬӸ߿ոӿȥһɫŦͨŰڵļС
£һһ̴Ϻϴò֡
һһطڼʻңŴ棬ʻŻʻȸۡ
һԣֳ°ͣĿתضط磬·طԶȴľɫÿ
廨ڼʻһϣͻȻ۾ӳڼʻҵط£ŵæֱ۾
һᣬٶȷһ㡣
طȻڿ۹۰·ĺ仯жϳѾˣ˵һ䡣
á
µͷȻվһȳһյߵطԣطʻ
ط塣
ĽŲоط˲ᵽɤϣ޷ƵĿֻţס˺һһҲҶ
װ
طǰվ˵
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ͷһʶ˫ۣطŽߵףеĿ־ֱʧȥһ
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ţط磬ƨӲ£ԣʡʡҲʡʡĿˮҪ׷вӣ
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Ϊȿ־ط翪ˣͳƽ
硭ҽ֪Ķ㣬Էһ·ôľսʵ
ܡ
طܸɴظ𸴣Ȼǰ½һŮǿŮ˵Ĺۣǰʱ䣬Ϊʳֵ¸µĽɽнšӡ˺˽ŮȫɱǰΪ죬ɱµıڣܣͼȣǾĲõɱ֣һŹô

Զԡ
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ѡ˵ұ֤˶ãῪס֣Ȼ֪һʵʵظҡ
ۿĬطһοˣƽȴһľĸо
㡭Ҫʲô
Ӳøˣгſֻš
Ӧ֪֯ҲӦ֪ڼǰڷLѪϴ֯طʡ

ûлشĺʼü
Ȼ֪طҪʲôǸԼ֪һУʵطĻΪجΣ
ţ֯һкٵŮˡһߣŲֵ־ᶨȷһٸĶ֡
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ط˵ɱͬɽ緢һ㣬ȻĿ絶һ㶢壬ɭ˵ţԺֵĻĲҽң
ٴطĻܵطǹɱ⣬ط˫ӣֻñһħˣëը𣬴ͷһ󷢺
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ط˵ʲô߳ױ㡭֪ʲô
ĺˣƲܺã鶫ǷֲʲôԸңط翪ʵ
࡭
˿ĭͬһ㣬ɿ˵Ǳɱ±ڣ°µıһ֪ܹܲаĸͳƿˡ

ط뵽ӻ֯õϢ֪ͳҲֻǻڶѣһͳɱң
ҡ֣֪飬ֻ֪
˵ط粻ţֲȻͶ̩ɽ̩ɽ鶫ǷֲԣϾֻһˣ֪Ϣޡ
һΣطû˵ֱض忴˺üӡ
ҡֻ֪Щ
ط˵Ŀ⣬嶼ˣ޲ýԼڳط翴֤Լûѡ
ž
طԣû˵ʲôֶȻһӣһֵῳĺ󾱣ٴ˹ȥ
Сʱ󣬻ھȸ۲ԶһСͷͣ
طʻŻδº´
ӺһӴ˻
ãĪ
طһʱӭϣȾʺá
ʶӲμȫֱʱĪйһ֮Ե
һΣĪط硣
һΣطͨϵɣѡº彻ĪУĪ˴عڡ
ȫ;
ΪϣûκһҹȻϮĵľ
ûһҵľӸô
⡭ǻǿĵڣ
ãطУ
ĪʿͬʱططĿЩӡ
Īҵ׳Ѿ˵ˣҾͲظˡڣҰǽСȻع֮󣬾һʱǡ
ط״˵ز˾ºԽϾԽãֱ⡣
طУģһᰲȫؽǴعڣ
ĪͷȻһӣʿ´Ǹߣ
ǣ׳
ʿһʱȻǰѸٽ⿪һһҵؼ塣
Ĳһȥ𣿡
ʱ̲סʵ
ط磬Լء
µѯʣطشĪ̾˿ɫӵ˵
һΡ
ûгƺطľΣҲûط羴
Ϊ
õϢһ磬ٴνط翪ӣ
ҡؽ´
һطΪ뻪ľûκιϵǸΪԲԳعģ

һ̡
طشֻ
ֻ
طǰֻһ֯Ǹ̩ɽ磬½ͨ
壬ôûȣ
绰ͨͲд̩ɽ
ϴɾӵţҺܿͻȡͷ­
ط绺ڣһѳʵɱɱⱬ
ٴαӿʧȥ˻ľıӻͬҲʧȥԼ
һΣҪɱȫ


999 費ħ

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£ɫ䣬һ㽫ֻ¥¡
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ôǲ뾡취ôϣطЦŷʡ
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󣬾͵׼˵ʲôʱ򣬷ֵ绰ѾҶϡ
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š
̩ɽľȻص˵ͷֱ˿̣޷ʵ
Ϊļƻ°ܽ˴һ·عӽ̩ȻתϺӵִȡ
һУƿ˺֮⣬֪طô׼ȷҵ壿
ôҵ壿
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ৣ
νʲôʲôƿ˵ɫ˲䣡
Լʮ֮ԿԱôǿ󣬳Ϊĺ˲׵ѧ츳֮⣬̶ܴҲΪ˻ҩ
ȻԵ״һŻҩÿҲ˲٣ʶǱǵѧʵһ¥
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˶Ȼ֪طǸҵҵ£ʵģ㱣֤ɽׯ̩ɽûлشƿˣǿ˶ˡ

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˶Ҳüͷһŵض̩ɽʵѾȳʣΪʲôҪɽׯǲúõɱ֣
Ϊ˵ܿҪȡҵͷ
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˶Щ˼ȷϻطǸ쵰硣ձҲôģѾɹӪȳˣӲѪϴɽ飡
ƿæڣ֪һ㣬Ϊ˶Ϣŭ
֪ҵĴô
˶Ĭ˼ӣٴοʵ
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̩ɽܼᶨҡҡͷֻ֪ˣ֪Űڻ
ѡĻɽׯҲ׷֮ǰһС
˶΢΢һЦϵŭ⵴Ȼ޴档
Ϊط֪Ĵڣ֪ɽׯǾԲģ
ֻҪطҳǰԻһʬ壬

ͬʱ
ϺǸСͷһȻͣ
ĪѾº뿪
طҲ뿪˻
·ǰεһ㣬ҡڵͷϣȺС
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ط½ͨȻ̧֣ͨѶöϣȿڡ
˵Ҫ֣֯ɵ
š
طӦ֪Īѽ㱨棬ɵ֪󣬵һʱϵԼ
䲿˵ɡ
Щ˵ʲô־ýĻ˵һЩ
ط磬ա
һѽӹɵͨѶ
䲿á
ط翪ʺãȻսһխӣԶȺ
ط磬ҽ㲻ҪȥԸ鶫Ƿֲտżɽ
Ϊʲôطʡ
Ϊǻ֯ռϢͳƿǱȡ֮⣬ڰ˶ҲڻϵȡӦöɽׯϹշɿ˵
˶˭ڰĳϣ
ط翪ʵ֪Ҳ֪ڻ֪˶
ǺڰĳϣݵλȳϸԺաǰ¹˹ӣųƺڰӡռ˵
ҸҪȥˣ
طֱӴյĻɱʢǸ¹˹ĶӣʦյϢ
ʵʣҪȥɱˣ
е㷽оٴαӿط磬һƥֵҰ̫ˡ
һҲţʵҸ߳ܶࡣУҲõƽɽׯ
طɱڡ
㡭ˣ
վɫ䣬
費ħ
޷Ǹ¶ȫѧھսСӶȫֱھĻһħʲôӡ
һ㡣
ʱ綼ҪǸıЧҵ𶯣


1000 ǿ
ط֣±ȣ屻ץ
Ϣ֪ﴫȫ硣
±֮󣬼ڵȴȴطĻӦ
Ȼ
ǵĵȴУ¼ȥʮСʱˣطʼûг
˶Ϊطˡˣȥȡ
ʱطٴʵжӦйעǣͬʱҲٴȫ˻ٶȡ۱ܵĻĹںηʮСʱ֮ڣȻþȣ
찡طôһеģ
Ϣ֮󣬼йע˶һ㡣
֯ôĹ򣬽ٳвط磬ѵûطô˾ˣ
֮⣬кܶ˶֯ж⡣
ط磬̤ɽׯ벽Ѫ岽
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģ鶫Ƿֲ̩ɽ
ʲô
̩ɽĻӦЩע¼ˣһͷˮ̫Ρ
Ȼ
ţһϢΪǽ
ľҪѪϴɽׯ
Ϣ֮Щע¼ףطΪжˡ
ʧȥľԼط磬ڳɹ֮󣬽޹˼ɣ鶫ʵʩ
һΣطձɹӪ֮Ѫϴձ磬ձѧ缦ɹƵձ׷ط磬պ𣬰ȻȥһֵΣ
ûд𰸡
˶ڵȴұ֮ǰڴ

մȵʱ׶زŸչ硪ʱ߸Сʱ
ӢšӢʼֲӶӳӢʹһ԰ݿ
ݿһɫ³ȹվڻУͯеĹ߹󡢵ţĻ԰γһĻ
ΨһĲǣžûЦݡ
üüĿ֮ŵǡ
֪ڵʲôڲ߽ûз֡
װãң״ֻк

ݿȻͻع񣬾Ȼ񣬡װĸ磬ˡ
ݿҸҲôЦŴȤȻʵˣʲôأ
磬֪ڰ֯˶жǿôݿżɽʵ
Ҿ֪ҺпΪط顣
ЦȻҡҡͷǸݿʵ⣬ûش㡣ΪҲ֪Ǹ˶ʲôʵ
磬㲻ǰôݿЩɡ
ǼҲ֣Ǻüǰˣ˭֪ʲôʵأοڹȥһֱڱչ䣬ֻϵۺԼ֪жǿ
ЦȻ·֪ݿҪʲôԥһ£̾˿ݿ֪ܵİΣҲƭ㣬ڼ֮ǰҺҵʦֹ̽ط˶֣ջʤĻһ
Ƕʦô˵ݿȲʡ
ط
˵֣ᡣ
ݿɫ԰ֽ
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ٸԡ
ʥŮһ׵ĳۣɫĵ񣬹ͷɴɴ˹Ľá
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Ȼ˹ĻžһĨΣǵǣ˵ڰ˶ǸˣصǰȻɱط磬֮ǰǼ˶Ļ𾴵Ľ̻ʱ£Щô
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ȻˣǻطΪʲôҪأѵ֪˶Ҳôüͷʵ
ͲˡҲ֪Ҳ֪˭֪ء˹Ц
̻ʱ£ط˶ֵĻΪ˭ʤһЩأ
ʳĵһ£Ҳ˹Ŀġ
ȥԻطûģ˹ʵ
š
˵ͷȻ뵽һ¡
ǰһ뿪ٸԣĽ͢Ӷӳɪȥ˶ȥٳ
ʱɪ˶һлܡ
ǵġ
ۿ˶һȭ㽫ɪɣ
һΣǽ͢һһǿڰбĻɪᱻ˶ۣΪ͢ʷ֮һ
˶ǸСѾûгˣҲ֪ʵΡȻĿŵȥɱط磬֤аյġǰʵƶϣ꣬ʵٶȺһĻԱȻطǿ˵һһˣ
˹ɫص˵ţȻ󿴵ϵĵԽԽŨСֶ߬һֻһתطһСӣ˺ܶ񻰡˭ұ֤һβأ
Ըӣٴε񻰣ɱ˶Ǹ
ڵأΪط


1001 ɱ
ҹĻ٣ȵƻ貣һִϺϣһʻڽֵϣֵϡưС̯ϣͷ
һҹΪḻĳУŶǲҹǵ
֮⣬źϷĺֻҪںڽн׶ǺϷģ뿪ףǱΥ
Ӱ˵ӵ賿ӪҵС㡢֮⣬ȵĳԱǵְǸ𿴳ӣֹпڳ£߳žžǮ
Ȼ
гӵĵԱûн˼ڹϣȺؾۼһţֻ
һطȥɽׯô
ڶطȥɽׯĻܹ뿪ô
ûд𰸡
Ƕڵȴ
ȱصĺڰȫĿⶼۼȣȴطǴ𰸡
ŵӵʱɽׯƻͨ
һ鶫ǷֲĳԱʮһѲߣ鲼ׯ԰
ƹ£߶һȷʱ㱨
֮⣬ǻȻЯǹ֧һط磬һʱ
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ȫװЩ鶫ǷֲĳԱһĵ
ΪǶǵʵط磬޷ֵҶһԽϢȥ
ǶΪ䣬ȫùڻûʲô
ǿֻҲãԹҲգǶΥ̩ɽ
ЩѲߵ֮⣬ׯ԰һЩڰĽ䣬һЩˡ
Щ˱ЩѲߵ˶ԣʵǿһЩ
ɽׯĵڶߣԷǹҲȷڷ󣬵һʱ㱨
ͬʱɽׯмȫˣ㲻Ϸߣֻһ˫۾
ʹڻ
Уǻڵʵڻǻڣһǻڣ
Ƿֱ֯ͺڰĺǽ⡢ش񣬲
ط֣׺ûɳֻúɳȥЭϴ飡
ʹĴΪ֯Ǹ˵̩ɽɳϣһ֧ѩѣͣƿ˺˶ϥڲԶĿ
ৣ
ͻȻƿ۾һյѩѵ̩ɽüʵ̩үûв鵽طǸϢô
鵽һЩ
̩ɽ³һŨܵݼʾǴͷ´뿪ģȻʧˡ
˼ǣϢ֮⣬Ϣƿüͷ̩ɽеһЩ
ƿͳ죬طǻߣǻжĴڡһˣܼأǮȥɺЩС㻹ҪףûϢǺһô
̩ɽҲüͷƿȻ⣬Ͼ֯ķ⽮ǳ֮һȻⱻƿ˵˶ָ
ҲҪӵģ

ƿԶԣͬΪڶڵ֪̩ɽ˵ʵ
ৣ
ʱ˶Ҳ˫ۣĿɨ̩ɽ̩ɽǸĺӵڶûг֣ȷĻ
˶ط羹Ȼºݻ·񣬿϶ģ
̩ɽǵ˵ͷȻ󻰷һתֲȻһĻôֻһֿܡ֪ŵòˣ
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ڶ̶֮ڣط粻˶ҵ˶ƿ˺ڻ棬һɱֱ͵һͿ


1006 ժͷ­
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ԸСΪ˰飬ҲԸţطһ㣡
෴ǿ˶֮Ӧɽط򱬲Ŷԣ
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Դˣ⣬ǶԼ˸ߵҪ
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е˶ɫһƬɷףһѪ
һΣطֹǣǿµھ籩ھŰ;в̶ͬȵ
Ҫɱˣ㻤𣿡
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ȡн׼ժͷ­
̽ȡ


1007 ӵ
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ҹĻ£ֳ̩ɽͷԡѪУħ١
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οǶµ˶طĻǽܾԻͬط˵ͳͳҪ
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߶˸ոշǿŻҩҩԣ˲伤Ǳܡ
Ҫʱս׽ط򱬣


1008 ǿغ
ҩҪڼǱܣǿ³´лӿ죬ϸӻԾٶȵȱǿѪʢھϷӵǿ
ô߶ҩҩԵߣڶʱڱǿսٶȵȱǿھҲǿսȻҲ֮ǿˡ
ȻǵȲѣû߻ô
Ϊһڼҩ֮öʱǿսսĻǾûʱҩԣ˷˻ҩҪá
ȫѧʱ򣬺Եͽܺκˣҩҩԣڶʱڱ˳ǿսջǲط磬ط򱬡
ʱǣֻǼ˲ڵĻҩҩԡ
ʱ˿̣˶Ϊ˻ɱط磬һŻҩЧѣҩЧʱ䳤ǿķҲ

˶ǿƵĻ˶ǲƣڻԼͬ˿ҵ˲£ϵصȻ޴棬ȡ֮˷ܣ
ȻǶ֪ҩԶʱսܣǶظܵ˶Ϣǿʵ
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طǿƵĻ˶ŭһɢǷݲ¼ᶨǷ޵е
䣬Ӱ
˶һط磬ٶȿ硣

ΪղطϸܵŨҵΣգǸ˶è׽ķʽɱط磬Ḷʹۡ
ΪˣһֱǡȭٶȼɱС
ò˵ҩʮ档
߶ҩҩԵ˶ٶȱ֮ǰ˲٣ͬ˲һ㣬ֱӱطǰδ˵ȭͬڵһ㣬ط硣
طŲһ٣㲻ұһ˴ǹһ㣬ֱӺ
ǹһʽ̣
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һȭײĵطΪԲľ𣬳ϯȥ
ϯط·޷Զ˫Ŷڵϣ˿Ȼ
꣡
촫˶ֹǱѣѪģͬʻײһ㣬ɶ
߶ҩҩʵٴαطһȭɣ


1009 ջսƷ
ۡ
ҹĻ£˶ڶαطһȭɣֹǶѡѪģھٴαˣһѪ
ͬʱһɫƿӴĻ˦ڵϣһ죬ȴûˤ飬ǹڲݴԡ

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еط磬һȣ˳ƻӳһסȥ·ڵİڻ

һΣطûжԴѧʹֻġ׻ȭͬһͷĿһ㣬Ʋɵ
طһڻȻû˷׷֣״ΪڰڻļϣͨطԼھ͸Է

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ط磬ȺƻڻԴֲھֱӽǵ飬Ѫ˵ϣһҳ鴤Ȼһʹ˱
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֣طüͷһһΣ˶ߵķѸ׷˹ȥ

ԼĪӺط嵽ׯ԰ĸ߶򳡣Ȼһֱ

ط׷˹˶ŵûһŭһæֱڿա뿪
ط״֪Լ޷׷ˣΧյһƬûжԵֱ
ĺӣһμ㣬һšԴ
˶Ҳʶһ㣬˿Ȼ·ŵط磬ƺַʽϡ
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˶÷裬޲ֱط򱬣Ҳֻˡ
գ㱻һܣͬɥ֮ȮһߣΪڰĳ裬ҲΪЦ
־ױ޵ڣ֮·ߵͷһ㣬ɱնݣ
طϣ羪ը죬ʡ

طĻ뵽ֵһУ˶Ŀֻţ˽ŭһʻֱ뿪ׯ԰Ͽա
طջĿ⣬һԭ·ʹ
ܿģطصʹſڣڲݴԼǸɫҩƿεƿ澹Ȼа˿Żҩ
ţ
طһϲսƷ
Ǹѩ㡢Ȼ˷ûҩЧ
طҩƿ̲סаԼ


1010 ڴ
ҹɫīǹ㣬бʣ¹ɽׯȫɽׯЩ䡣
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УʹſںԺʬѻһѪȾͨ죬Ŵ̱ǵѪζҵͬһ
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̩ɽĳԱֻͨǰɽׯ鿴һµ׷ʲôҵһʱϱ
ܿģӵϼȻǰɽׯ

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ɼɽׯ1ű
鶫Ƿֲ̩ɽͺ֮⣬׺Ϊ׵һãЩء
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˴˿̣̳Ѿû۵ֻһӱ졢߸߹

ûд𰸡
ȫĿ۽ɽׯȴµϢ
ڴ


1011 
ҹĻ£һǰһͨɽׯĵ·ʻɽׯſڣȻͣ
ȵľ죬һʱ俴ɽׯڴʬ壬ҷЩ˶ǱһǹͷѪԽһأȥΪֲ
˻
һĻü̲סһ
ȻǾ죬ڹڵ֣̾ץ׷ҲˣǰǼ֯ԱʬĲ״Ǿǡ
ΪҪǣֻſڣôˣ֪浽׷ʲô
ͷҪȥ𣿡
һǿŻµĳ嶯Ťͷ򸱼ʻλϵ꾯졪⼸еСͷĿ
꾯˵ͷȻ³γǹƹڴǼ鶫ǷֲԱʬ壬ɽׯ
Ȼ
һ̣ǲԼͬͣ˽ŲȻһԲ۾ϳž
û
Ǿ
Ϊȥ˷ʬ塣
·ϡݴСľ£һ߾ʬȾѪ״ңŴ̱ǵѪζһĸо
ǹѪζƮӡͣش̼ǵθ
Ż
ӹһľ̲סŻ
ŻŻ
˲㽫ȫ˳֮θȻڳ鴤һظŻ
ͷͷҲ̫ˣǻҪȥô
֮ľ죬ɫףֵʵ
˾ҪǱɽׯʲô˵ҪҪȥ
ͷ꾯Ҳе˲ʣϾʹˣҲˣԶǼ¿ɱȡ
£ͷ꾯Ӽǰ
Ȼ
һ·ϣ洦Կ鶫ǳԱʬ塣
һʼǶΪһǹͷȵǳľˡ
Ϊÿһȥ鶫ǷֲĳԱǱһǹͷ
֮⣬Ҳһʼʬôˣǿࡣ
ǹǹͷط绹ǿֲ
ţţһ̲סڣ֮гž̾ǹ̩ʼֲҲҲһ
Ҫˣǻǻǿıʶӻùȫֱھǹܲô
ͷ꾯ѵһ䣬Ȼʲôͣ˽Ų
˿̣Ѿʹǰ˳ǵĿ⿴ȥԿԺǽ⣬һ߾ʬ˵ţѪȾ˵治˵Ѫˮһ˵·Եˮͨ
֮ǰѾһ߾ʬ壬ǿ˿̿ٴ˾ξˣľٴŻ
ǡ̩ɽͷ
ͻȻһ죬ʬ￴һͷ­ߵȾѪȴܿòһ۱˳
˻
ԣ׷˳Ŀ⿴ȥҲ̩ɽͷһǾõ
Ȼ²طпѪϴɽׯ鶫Ƿֲ̩ɽͷȻ𺳵
طô
󣬴ɻǿǷݲ뾪֣ʼʬѰط硣
Сʱ֮ǽеʬһ飬Ȼͷ꾯һʱϼ㱨
٣ɽׯûһˣ̩ɽڣ˶ˣ
꾯㱨𾪡
鰡ȫĵ֮һǾĲɱ֣ȴһ
ʲʲô
绰ͷλ˾ͬҲˣȻʶʵطأ𣿡
ӦûСΪǲûɽׯʬ壬ǻɣʻֱ뿪ɽׯ˺пǺڰ˶ͳͳˣ
꾯ٴ㱨ףɽׯһǴԻȫ磡
Ӻ
ɼɽׯ
סүȾǱ߻ػˡ
׺ĸ£1űɫѿЩţЩ̩ү˶ˡ
ʲʲô
Ļ£׺ڣĴУ׷׾վ
Ϣ׼ȷô
طأ𣿡
֮࣬пѯʡ
ϢӦ׼ȷģֳûлطʬ壬ҡ
׺ĸ£ľսػشš
Ȼ
һΣĻ˵ڣ㱻׺ϣʲô
ңȾ˵˵Уֻкڰ˶ʻֱɽׯˡ׺ĸ£ӲͷƤش

׺Ӻݺһ΢΢ſ촽˼£վû˵һ仰
ټ1ű˲ţ

ϢطѪϴɽׯڰ˶ʻֱĶӣ
׺˵֪Ϣͬʱһӳڰ̳Ͷһذըʱ̳ըˡ
ϵ۰ֱţ
ǰϺڰᣬĲɱ֣ȴһطôģ
˵ˣطȻҹɱɽׯζԼʵžԵţǶţôЩ˵طСʱˣǳȦ
˭ܸңط絽жǿڵʵܹŵ

ܿģǸӱΪ̳ĻԱǷ׷׸ظо̾ģɻģºģò֡
⡭ôܣ
ϸ۽ұ鷿ɴ۾Ű̳ĳȨ鱨֮󣬶Ϣû˿Ļɣ𾪡
̳ͬϺܶһҲΪط˴׶༪٣طٴò˼ķʽѪϴɽׯɽׯĶӵ˶֮⣬Ȯ
𾪹󣬽ȼһ֧ѩѣݺݵڣȻóֻ΢ţ̳Ϣ˻ĵеȺ
ǸȺֱը
ͬΣȫң
һҹ
ȫٴΪط𶯡
ѪȾȣ


1012 ֮
ҹλɽԺǶһĽ¥ҹȴǺصƻͨ
ҶɺΧһСǰ
ΪطİΣ˽صؾһ𣬵ȴطϢ
ϰյţɽͷľƿмӣˡʳʣ޼
˿̣ﶼоƣ˶ûмȡ
ֲӵͨѶֲ鱨ŵĹԱ㱨طϢ
ҶһԣԻһ֪ǱߵϢ

֪طѪϴɽׯ˶Ϣҵ˲ȥ˿
Сôģ
ɽͨһɣطɱɽׯ֮ǰռϢжط粻Ǻڰ˶Ķ֡
ط粻˶ƤӵѪϴɽׯŵ˶ʻֱߡ
ֽȻķĹ̺ܺ档
֪̲ҪҪǽСӻţǾͷˡ
ЦҡҡͷȻ뵽ʲô̾˿ֻǿϧˣǰŭ׳ٴα˲ӡ
ûʲôϧġҶͻȻˡ

ҶĻ£ɣնһ
ӶԣһֱӻͬʱҲһԼʧȥӵԼܶ鷴סвӵԼܶ鶼޷ȥҶһ͡
ţ
ٴҶĻɺվһΪҶ˵е
Ҷ˵˵ɺͲӹ涨ؽֲ΢СҪἶ̸ʲôӻ˵ﲻӻãûǻ֯ıӻ󡣡
յͷ˼ͷȥһ£ɴطǻ֯ˡȾԣǻ֯ɶˡ
㵹
ɵһۣǱ˸ͷƵģǽһѹһǧһ᲻СӰ
٣ĸ׳ԸãҲ֪ؽôģѵôطؼӰôЩΪط򱧲ƽ˼
ǻ֯ˣֻĵĴˣԶЩнǰ㾴ηؽ
Ҳ֪׳ôģط뿪֮ȫֱô죿ȨǿʲôȥҵЩսԱ硣
СһֱڲӣΪȫֱƶȥ
ҶٴοڣԴϬһѪŰɣСڱˣһЩϾͻƶˡ

ԶԣǸҶĻпܻΪʵ
գҲҪ뽫طڵǻ֯ȥҶֽĿͶա
Ϊʲôյɴ۾
һֻǲ׼ģǸؽҩڶطĿǰʵƣʵõġ
Ҷ˵˫΢΢о˸㲵¶ɺ𾪵ǣҲã֯ҲգطԣѾ岻󣬷Ϊ֮۵İʯ
ۣ֮
һ죬طۣ֮ɱһԹҵ
ǳĬ뵽ֻĶطء
ܹ
ҶʣȻɲ˵ϣ꣬Сۣ֮һ˵ؼңǿʱ֪ؽθ룿
һΣɺնûпǰǲ̽Լ׳ĬҶĻ
ͬʱ
ؼҴԺϢһȶؽػû˯鷿ƺڵȴʲô˼ʲô
顪
𣬽ؽ˼ʵ

ؽ˼лع񣬶˶
֨
鷿ӦȫŶ롣
׳ոսӵɾĻ㱨ԭֲжӳսСӶӳطѪϴɽׯɱԱϰˣֻһߡȫżɽػ㱨
ؽŵĹҲؽôû˯ԭ
֪ˣȥɡ
ؽԣûзκα仯ֻǻ˻֡
׳ںط磬ǲں
һĻȫɻѣûҶʣǵһʱȻ˳鷿
ؽվߵߣԺǿϻһ

ŦԼѽӽ硣
ĳ¥
ѩڰ칫ǰϸؽ㱨йطȶ̬Ϣһ飬Ȼ󻺻ߵشǰĿͶ˶
үүһѵҪһֱȥô
Ŷʣ뵽ط类ӿ飬ѩĶⳤģһһͱӵģѽͱǧٿסۣ֮ؼңҲ˰ɣͲ°ѳӻô


1013 ץӢۣΪ
ͨ⼸ŬྩĿѾ࣬ġྩѳΪճ
ϰ˵ӵʱ򣬺ڶߵ¶Դϼʣǿʼһ͹
̾֯ľܲ¥ĳҵİ칫
˵𣿶챻Ѻͻع
ϻ¶촫ˣ֪ܲ𣿡
˵ץĲǾˣǾֱ
Ǽֱܽץ鰸ܷɵƲãΪһ£
칫һΪ屻Ѻͻع˷ܵۡ
ͬʱ칫ǣһƬš
һźգƬˣһһĺùСᡣ
ǱҵǰƬžվڲٳϣԡ£ഺϢȴֲʧӢˬ
СᣬǸץ鰸ˣ԰Ϣˡ
ͬǵĻƬй۲õЦݣ骺˫ۣаһ

һƬóֻ΢ţѡöط磬һϢط磬ллܷɵУСھȪ֮°Ϣ
Ϣͣ骿ûлӦ㽫ֻŵһԣ̲ס룺žӦûȥֳɣ
Уĳء
ظۿڵĵ·ͣһųһǾһǾ
ֵܾ쵼ͺһλٽŸԵĲ£վڳǰȴžȻжĽʽ
ֳ˾;֮⣬һЩٷýߣǽԽӹ̽ȫֱͲɷãȿԵزģҲδƬزġ
ΪĶžվȺУϳ޷Ƶļ
Ƿݼ˫ȭ鲻Խ߬һĿضǰĴ󺣡
Ӻ˵ע£һҾʻۣȻ󿿰
װϣĪŲ£ȫװվڼװϣ屻ϵʿѺţá
󣬺ĳλٽͽֵܾ쵼ŸԵԱϾ
ӭ׳ǽ
վǰĪһȻȾ񣬶Щʿгǹ
ৡ
һĻٽͽֵܾ쵼ŵǴԱ
Īˡ
ٽǰĪ֡
׳ˣְࡣĪɫ
Īλǽֵܾ³Ʒֳ
ٽЦЦȻ³ƷĪ³ֳλĪȽӵ壬ȻѺͻع
Īлл
³ƷԣǰĪ֡
Ϊ˱м֮飬õ˫֣ʮ㡣
³ֳֻȵģлҪлĻӦȥлץӢۡĪס³Ʒ֣Ц
ҵ뵱лһɲһ׵顣
³ƷͬҲڿЦ֪ĪеĻӢط硣
ʵϣط粢İ
ֵ¸ط绯ΪУϽ֮ط类Ѻ³ƷԴǰϣֲӸɡִ֯չͬӡ
ݵĽ̸ڼǵӰУʽʽʼǰӾʿнӹ壬ȻѺ¾
ֻ©ӵ˳һӲʮ壡
屻Ѻ¾ʱ򣬶žǰ˫ȭ˫˵
ͻһĻѺļЩȻǵžܵһУδֹ
Щɻ̧ͷŶžİףط磬ⱲӶץӣطȻץӣҲ˲ʹĴۣȣֵܻˣ
˭طˣ
Ļ£һϴ̩ɽڣ鶫ǷֲطѪϴˣ
⡭ⲻܣ
ɫȻһ䣬ҡͷЦкڰڣطôһУ
ڰǸ˶ļʻֱߣҲȫˣٴοڡ

ٴĻסˣţеǸߵļƺûбҪƭ
ô
̲סаԼ
ûд𰸣˲Ǳеľ˫
Ϊ֮ǰȻˣ뵽ܹطᣬԼ׬ģʶû̫η塣
ط绹ţѪϴɽׯ
һУһشϣнҺͻҵ÷飡
һʧǵӣžеŭɢһЩÿ˵·
һһ㣬˾
ͬʱ꽻ӹ̵ļǣ׷״Ӿ¡
±˾װ塪ղֳϣʺϳ֡
С㣬ܿˡ
³ƷǰǸлس¿ڡ
Ȼ±ܣطͲȥȣҲͲڹȥʮСʱ﷢ˡ
һҪץ鰸ңңڣ
ʲô
ЩŵؿڣʳΨһĺ͵ǵ⡣
ʵ̫طİΣˣʼѵһ̣ס˺۰Ͱ͵ؿ³Ʒȴ³ƷĻش
С㣬ǵõϢطƾһ֮˾֯ĶǷֲɱϰˣлŷڰĳԱֻһ˶ˡ³Ʒ˵

³ƷĻشҵ˲£Ȼ󳤳˿³Ʒʾ˸лллһС
С㣬лطתܾǷһ죬³ƷǷһپơ³Ʒһ֣ص˵
õģһת
µͷǾѿǣųһõЦݡ
һЦǡ
Ϊϵ˸е


1014 һ֮õ
ϣнģһһֱ
ƶãĵرԽҲҦϼŵܲΡ롢ΰΧĽͬҦϵĵλһ
ø88㣬¥ΪҦҼҦϼŶ³Ҧİ칫ϢҡӴҡ³רң֮⣬Ӿءȡ
Ҧİ칫ҽƽףװεùɫ㣬ľư칫ҾȫǺľǽϹҵֻڷŵĻƿκһóȥǮõĵضһƽϵĴӡ
һ˶ҦҵۣҲҦҵʵ
Ȼ
糿Ϊϵһ̵ҦԼİ칫ȴûɷӣһ֧һ̡֧
칫էһȥΪŻһ㡣
֨
󣬰칫ҵӦ
ûţֱŶ룬һӡ
һĻҦụ̈Ҫ˵ʲôȴˣֱӳ嵽İ칫ǰ֣ҸϢط粢û෴Ѫϴ鶫Ƿֲ
֪𣿡
Ҧŭµ鷢֮û˯ùĵȴ
շת࣬һҹδ˯ͬɽһ

ҦŬŬ죬ûп
ԭҦһҲһֱڵǱߵϢ˾ƣ֮ǰû˯ãһ˯˸ղš
֣ô죿ط᲻鷳
ݵĳĬҦٴοˣϳŵġ
ȻԼĸڽٳְµѾϷЩ˵˼ط۾
Ҧһ㣬οҦ
˵ǱߴϢ֮󣬾ڵطı
ˡ
һ̣Ҧ˵ʲô칫ϵֻͻȻ
Ҧֻһ˰һλ쵼ĵ绰æͨ򶨺ɵ쵼á
ҦܣǱǲǵʲôˣ
绰ͷ˰ŵ쵼ʵЩɻ󣬸ǵǡ
쵼ôˣôôʣ
Ҧͷһ𣬵ȴѡװɵ㶣ʵ
Ҹոྩһλ쵼ͨ˵绰ңƵȲһ飬ҪϵҦϼš˰ŵ쵼˵
飿Ҧֱվ
ǵģҾ˵ļܸߣȫǴزܲԱõԱֻͣЭ
˰ŵ쵼ͣȻҦܣô£

ûлشҦҶ˵绰Ѫɫϰϡ
ҦϼȻҵıˣ⻷ȴ˲ΥĹ͵˰©˰ֻ֮һ޴һĻⲹɵ˰֡
Ҳ˰λ쵼֪Ϣ󣬵һʱ绰Ҧԭ
һҦϼų⣬Ҳᱻ꼰ء
ҦȻѾ˸߹ĵ飬ô绰ͷ˰쵼ڽп𵽵ã΢΢
ԣֱӹҶ˵绰
֣֡ءطҪǶô
Ҧʶʲôһ˲ᵽɤϡ
ԹֽԵϺߣߵﶼأֻΪҦҺҦϼţ
Ҧϼų̣츲صı仯
Ը⿴Ҳ޷ܵĺ
ˡ
ӦҦֻ𶯵Ҧֻٴ
һΣǾĳλС
ҦܣҪ֪ͨ㣬׼пżɽ
쵼˵ҦңǺܿ
һѾץ鰸Ĺʣָʹɱֵ¸šӡ˺˽ŮϵõҦṩİ
绰ͷֱ⣬һһڶ˾ٱҦϼչֵ¸²ҵʱЩĻ첿źܿչе顣
ˣ
λеĻҦӿֳ֣˼̱ϰϡ
ˣȫԿ϶ط翪ʼҦҽбˣȫֶ֮ݣٶ֮죬ֲѣ
֡
Ҧ״Ҳжϳط翪ʼˣٴ죬˵ʲô
죡
Ȼ
һΣѺĻ˵꣬㱻Ҧһŭϡ
ҦʶرͣȻ󿴵ԼλܡԶһšģĸף˿һͷҰһ㣬˫ͨ죬Ŵ

һŭҦǹӷͿֻƺйһЩ˼ǿԼ侲Ȼȼһ֧̣Ѹڡ
Ŷ£ı𽥻ָƽȻóֻͨһ绰
绰ˣϹٳĳλͷ
쵼
绰ͨҦҪڣȴϡ
Ѿ˵ˣȫϼŵĵ顣Ĺ˾Υģ˾Υ⣬ͳеӦΣܷƲá
ཡཡ
£ͨжϣҦͲﴫæ
Ԥ֮УԽܣĩҪٵĸо
ûȫٴβͨһ绰
绰ǻգǧؼδĶϱ
ܣҸսӵϢһҪҦϣΪҦ͵˰©˰ҾǱ˵Ҧϸɱ˵İйأЩûе顣һطڱҦң
Ҧٵ˵״ȻʵѾؼҳ𣿶ң֪ٴαӿôô
ӦȺѸɵġ
֪һУǵȺ׷طĴԺӵٴΪط֣Ҧҷ
㡭˵ȺԺӵܣ
Ҧ˲ʲô޵ͷط磬ڱĹУȺԺӵܵĶֵӰӡ
š
ܣûа취˵ܲܰæ
ҦеؼҴǡ
ܡ
̾˿ֱӻؾ
һ棬ǶԣҦҳ˿Ը֮⣬ôԸʤȱҦһ
ΪҪǣԼδȻؼҴٵĹ⻷ؼҶ֧֣طǵʱ򣬰ܸط磬һͿء
һΣǱطһ̳
ؽ£طͷ
һΣҦңҲ
ž
յĻҦһ˿ϣһֱֻˤڼֵǧĺľ칫ϣĻ֧飬·ԤʾҦҺҦϼŽҲ֧Ƶġ
֣֡ѵûκΰ취𣿡
һĻҦŵûɢɫףʵ
ǵһ̣ȻţԼļ̼䣬Ϊط磡
ţ
Ĳɻ
һ̡
Ҧǵʧķһ㣬ŭЦЦüΪȴźڡ
ʱԵһס̰ȥʳֵ¸µĵ⣬Ҧ¡ǵط֮ΪŲɱ֮ġ
һãһ
ѡߵͷ


1015 Ϊ
磬ɸίҦϼ͵˰©˰ĸ߹飬ִϣֱӽפҦϼܲ˹˾вƾ֤ͬʱʾ֮ǰҦϼйɶ»ԱҪλԱ뿪ʱҪϵ飬ܼǱֱӴߡ
ڶλߵҦϼŵĶ³Ҧ
ǱߵģǱߵġ
ԭһϵɱֵ¸šӡ˺˽ŮİӣϵǷռмֵ¸²ҵ⡣
ҦϼűһҦˣ
Ϣϰ̽𶯣˶жϡ
λΪĵһٵ꣬ȻؼҳٴαӣȻǡ
ܶԼһЩĳصһμס仰ǽطƬӡԺ
Ҧ֮ĳλ֪ʦһĹ
Ǽֵ¸յʦҲǰտдŸطˡ
ҽдŽطֻ֮ȥ̶̼죬طܷƲãҦϼű
Ϧ£ֵ¸յʦվڼֵ¸յĹǰλΪڻ㱨һ㣬̲ס̾
ڼ˵ⱲڵС֮ĶȾ֮طյǴѱ˵ˡڶ仰Ųɡͬ˵ܹΪѣĪң
ģһµȥȡŲȻط
ʦ˵żֵ¸վȻ뿪˹Ĺ

ͬʱ
ϣĳؼԺ
ǽһĹص˼С
ʮǰְˣ;졣
֪гֳֹɫΪ޴֮⣬̶ܴҲΪͷؼҹ⻷
Ϊְλڹȥʮðݣ޴ֵ֧Ļڴˤӣҳӣǽһա
Ȼ
죬ȴô
㿴ȥ鲻̫ãΪҦϼŵ𣿡
տûյЦݣ
ҦҺҪڵĳнͶʣΪǶƽ
ҦҲ˴ߡ
Ҳ紫ҦǴȵԵʡ
һ£طҦһҦϼż֮Ҳ൱һεĶǵϡˣ붯Ͷȴʲô
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һ죬ŹϾɱ֣ɱŰۣȻնԼϹɱֵɱֵС
һ죬ȻʱطֻɱĴɱ֯ɱ֣һ·׷Ǹ֪ĵ죬Ѫϴ֯һսСֶӣȻ骡
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1017 ֮Լ
ҹɫīƻ財
ͬһϿҲƮС꣬У͸żɪ
Ȼһɫ˯ȹЩƮϣһֻܶСèһ㣬ӣ˫ֻȣ°ֱϣŴⲻƮκʵҹһ
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ڸ˻ѹʱȾƣȻںߡ
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һֻ˵Сè䣬صԼСѣ˿ڡ
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Űۻŵʱÿʱ򣬶ὫԼԼͯ꣬˼ԼĸףĬĬȻȳǰʱֱǸûûεĿ־顣
죬ͻⳡ꣬ԭøˣʶؽȴδ뵽
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Ϊ׿Щж˵֮Լսһ
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ӲҰܣطУ
һԸ𣬱ףóӵԲãҶط¶ɱ⣬ֻյڳûҳ֡
֪޲ɱҡ
İɣҸᡪڳ֤֮һǰȡ㹷
գɱһطη壬Ϊ˱޲Լ°֮Լ𶯻ѧ硣
񣬰꽫ѧĿط罫ӭµһ䣡


1018 ׷طĲ
˯ú磬ڶʱȻˡ
ڰУһ߿յġ
ѵΣ
Ȼ΢΢һȻʶơ
ƹȻȻطϥڴµĵ̺ϣ˫ۣһ

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ˡ
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Ҳ֣Ҳ˵˳ͷңһ¶СȻߴ˵еĲһɨգеֻϲá
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СӲҪȥҰɣЩǡ
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طһһҿ϶ȥʱ⡣

طⷬſ죬˵ʲôȴһ仰Ҳû˵ڡ
Ϊ˽ط磬֪طһ־ǿᶨˣ׼飬ԲΪ˵Ȱ˵ģײǽҲһǻѡǽײ

԰һ
ƷƣҽͲȥˡ
ɽһ绰ͻȻߵѻױõİ׷󣬱Ű׷ƵСһ°׷Ƶգ˵
ΪӦ˸īҪۼŵ⣬Ϊī˾޴Ĵϴĸ棬ǰĵ⽻ˣȻȥۼµİ۷ز˾Ǵײ¥Ա
ڸݹʱʶ˰׷ƣһط磬Ź׷Ʊס
ʱ׷Ʋ㱻ĶκǿǿطΪͷ׷Ҳ֪ݡ
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˷ܵ˵ԣܹط磬طһԶȹҪ
ΪһΪطı䡣
òͬķʽ׷طĲõԼ


1019 ţǻţ
ʱķչǵԽԽ죬ԽԽ࣬ȦʵԽԽխǺ֮һҲһѵ顣
Ҫߺõ˾룬ϼѣ֯ۻȦӵĺģߺ
طԣʵûνȦӣһȺΪİʶٵΪѡһ
һ£ط֯ۻᣬƵһӦ
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Ű۵̸֮ĶЦڰ۾ƵīסҪȢȻӶ̵ۼţطһ˰ᡣ
Ǽ飬طȫ濪սĵߣҲ顢Цӵı鱻Ľ֡
ʱطȻ۾Ƶ꣬ͺҶǰˡ
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ط߽ᣬͺҶֹͣ죬ӭϣԸطһӵ
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Ҷ˵Լ仯ԵɣȻ뵽ʲôӣҸ˵㶼֪ģѡνֲ֮󣬱ǲ˵ΪҾεԭҸַʽңҺݺݴˡ
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طʵڲ֪˵Ǻã;ҶBװ֣Լôûֻأ
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ط֮㱨طϸ绰ʱڵ绰һϡ
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磬ȻϹ˵ɶҲͷѧ𡣡ɱֵúǫѷȣһˡ
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죬Цӡ
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һΣǰ׷ƴӦŮѣ

ͬʱ
ĳǼƵһ
׷ƺͰ۷ز˾һܣŶӣʩλ롣
ʮˣԱڵƣˣʮˡ
ΪԤףǽĺ˳飡
֮һʮͷ꣬ŴͷһƷΣִŰٴִһֵǵʯǰһ
ᣬȥϳɣԵȲ֮ʱһӹɵĸо
ǰ۷ز˾ڶĿʩλܡ
֮⣬ΪС򱻳Ϊ֪ĸ֮һ
Ľ̸ҲΪĸ
һ£ڶǺߵģ
ҲᣬƷǷԭ
ʩˣά˶ˣö֮Ҳˡ
ܶþӸλϵƣҲ˶
ܣײƾͲˡ
Ļ£Եһӿˣǰ۷ز˾ĸܣΰӵǰǢ̸Ŀ
ţ
üͷһд˲ˬ֯ķϣû˸ҲȾƣ
ܣѵܸˣٺȵɡ
ɫԣ׷ЦЦȻʾԱԼǰķ־ﵹơ
Ͷ޾Ʋ硣
׷ƵĻɫһЩһӭܡײһͣ
ڶףǽ˳Ǣ̸˶̫Ŀ
Ԥףǽĺ˳У
һмûκͣ٣ûиԲ˺ˮĻᡣ
ոȾƻܣҲŶԿ˵Ĳ𾴡
£ͷһڸɣ۷ز˾ߣ˰׷֮⣬˶ܸɴࡣ
׷ƺ֮󣬵ʵںȲȥˣžƱֶЩ
һУֻΪھƺ㱻κǿǿӰƾͿ־塣
Ǵε֮ξδմǵһΡ
ײǲӣ
һĻɫֱˣд˲
ܣʵڱǸĺȲɾơҳڲˣһ£ԺⱭƾԲƣô
׷ǿŻµĳ嶯Ǹѯ
ɱľƾңӿ󰡣Ц˲⡣
ܣɣھͰⱭˣԲơ
ײȲ˾ͲҪǿ
һΣȰ׷ưѺĻ˵꣬ΰϣȻܣײȷʵȲˣҴȰɡ
ȻȲˣǾͲҪˡ
˵ţߵ׷ԣ׷ǰķ־Ȼֱӵ˵棬ֱӶŰ׷Ƶͷ£

׷ƾһֱվ
ƹ£ͷʪϵױҲˣ½Ҳʪ͸ˣϳſֻš
ʲô
ΰҲվһ𾪺ŭ⣬ǴǰǢ̸Ŀģ׷Ʊ裬ȥôɽ
оŻ˵úãסڶȾˣҲˡһֱԭ򣬶Ҵû˸˵֡
ЦȻһмؿΰһһȻǼ׷ֻҪһ仰ĿͻˣҲ˵ǺǵҺ
׷Ʋǹ˾ܵδޡ
ΰֽݸ׷ƣȻ۶֪ڻη塣
ܣĸܣһм
ɣԭۼCEOīĶӡΰ˵ɵݡ
Ϊ˵˭أ˰
ЦŻصԼλϣë˲ϵľˮǼҪ˵ȥĵ⣬ҲðҵĹڶ⣬ţǻţ
ԭӵܣΪȥμط֯ˣʱҴ档
ٴһĻΰҲЩŭˣеɵĸīȻˣɺۼűվط磡
Ǹűûĵ𶯣ûɫĻ̸


1020 ֻع
ò˵ΰܹ쵽۷ز˾ĸܣżȻ
ȻΪܷŭûֱ˵ذط޵
ȲΪ̫ӣֱӼŭҲɵ
Ǻǣطвң
ΧĻû˿η壬еֻǲм
ܣûв˼ֻ㣬׷ƲɵδޣɺطϵܺáղŵΪʣΰ̬ȣΪ׷Ƴ
һ棬ǰ۷ز˾ĸܣִɴǢ̸̫ĿҪά׷ƵϣΪ׷Ƴ
һ棬̫ǵĿûϵϲ׷ƳͷصͿԾ̸ǹˡ
֮鴦ˣ¶̫ǵĿˣɵĹϵһڰ۷زۼſԸһ
ô
ЦһȻ
㡭
ž
һ̣ΰ˵ʲôû˵ڣ㱻һĶϡ
Ŀ֮£֣һƳڷ¡ֵİ׷ϣ
׷⧲ֱӱһƳ鷭ڵأ˲ףӡָӡ
һĻЩ£û¶˿ľȣ෴ǾǺġڶû˸Ļ
ΰڣ۷زǱߣٴξԭأ
Ҳû뵽þƽ׷ƵԴ԰׷裬Լΰط֮Ȼ԰׷ƶ֣
㡭
𾪹ΰæ׷ƣͬʱŭĿ
ڶǵһвҵġ
ٴϣȻҽȻ߳ٶȼ죬һΰСϡ
ΰ߷ڵأһʹһ
ƹ£ɴ۾ŭ𾪵ضҪٴοڡ
Ȼ
һΣΰڣЦڼǰط磬ҿܻҪطѱûɻˣȻвң

һĻΰǰ۷ز˾ЩԱǰ׷ƣ𾪵Ըӡ
Уطضǿۼŵػ伸ûطڲƽ飡
ȴ˵ط˼ˣܲ𾪣
̫ǵĿ쿪ʼˣûκιϵˡ
ΰһ𾪵ģһοڣǸо·ף⣬Լȥ˰Ƕȥ
ҡߡ
ΰǿʹվȻǰ׷Ʒ𣬴뿪ᡣ
һȺɵƣҲԼмＸǰף
ûǺȾƣǵĸȴƲԳԷƣ
Ҳڶ˸ô
һĻЩ·׷׿ƨ
ΰԣɫסû˿ڻӦֱ߳ᣬݿڵʱ򣬲̲ס
̫ţ̫۸ˣ
Ǻǣ
ˣȥ˵
ΰֹµҪ뿪ܿ˵ķâȻʱɣԹһԹ
Թûκ壬ǴĶĻǺпܶ޷߳ҾƵꡣ
ײû°ɣ
£ΰסǱҵİ׷ʵ
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׷ҡͷֵúܼǿ
֪Լδޱ˴Σ
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ӺΰŰ׷Ƶͣ󣬲óֻźŻԣֱӲͨɵĵ绰
ܸ磬ƷƸղŸҴ绰˵Ǳߵˡ
绰˺üӲŽͨͲȴ˷ܵ
Ϊܺط۶˷ܣطӦͰ׷Ƶ˷ܣ
ǸܣûбðײΰǸ˵
ô£
绰ͷվڰ⣬Ȼΰ仰ϵ˷˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮һɡ
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ΰһʱ佫ղһиɣ˵׷Ʊǿйƣͱˡ
ģǸҪôŭ
ܣ˵꣬ȷʵҪ飬Ǹ飡
ΰٴο˵ԭҴײȵһǸͬҲͰˣֱӽһ־ľƽ˰ײͷϣȻ󻹴⣬һţ̫ǵĿˣǹᡭ
˻
ûһһȭգ죬Ｗһ仰ð׷ƽӵ绰
á
Ǹܵɵŭ⣬ΰߵĻ˻ȥֱӽֻݸ˺ŵİ׷ơ
Ʒƣô˵𣿡ʵ
ҡû¡
׷ƿڻӦͼԼһЩ޷ſǻ˵Ҳ˳
һУǿǵ绰ͷҪиһˣ
ƷƣȥҽԺҩһƣȻڶңھϡ
˵ţȻ󲻵Ȱ׷ƻػֱӹҶ˵绰ᡣ
ɣôˣ
ط翴ɽɫЩѿɿںʵ
طĻ£˲Լֹͬͣ˽̸׷׽ĿͶɣɵı鼫ΪѿüĿ֮ӿεŭ⡣
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Ǹ˵һ䣬Ȼش𣬡Ʒڶ۸ˣҪ̸Ϲȥ
˵ͣһ£ֽĿͶ棺㣬ɼ˸һȥ
ô£طٴʵࡣ
磬ġ
ٴοڣԼ˵˰׷ƺͰ۷ز˾Ŷӵ
棬Դһˡ
ɵĻ£ط翪ˣӹɣܶԷʲôݣΪ׷ƵֻعҪʱҴ绰


1021 ޿
ҹĻеӴƵ꣬ƹͬһڶģۡ
ǶõһǼƵ꣬λüѣĿվڷ䴰ǰԽҹ۵ס
ΰ׷ƵסӾƵĶ㣬Ƕûҹ飬ǵȴ桢ɵĵ
ҹĻ£һ˹˹Ӱ·ٷɳۣʻ򶫵Ƶꡣ
ɡ˳
붫߰ٶ๫ļ٣Ҫ̵ʱϵϸٺһ·٣ֻСʱ˹
ԽԽӴƵ꣬˹˹Ӱɣյ˫ȭ
ī֮ûˣֻа׷һ
ԣ׷δޣҲˣҪˡ
һ£׷ǱþƵͷ£Ȼֱ˶⣬ŭը޲̳嵽ǰһ٣йͷ֮ޡ
Ȼ
ۿҪ׷ˣָֻ˼ǡ
㣬Ǹʲôôţ
Ťͷʵһ·ֻ۰׷ƺΪ׷Ƴͷˣȫûȥı
˿̣ȻʶȻӰۼţЩӵġ
һǸ׷Ƴͷпܻ鷳
Լ鷳ԸΪ˰׷ȥƴطȥ鷳
طǶ֮ǰ˵ܶԷʲôݣֻع仰
׸Ķӡ
ɲͬ·ϣѾ䱳һ
˿̣üͷһüĿ֮ջ֮⣬һ˿ײɻ
һУֻΪƬ
һۿƬʱЩ죬Щĸ
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Ƕ׸Ҳô׸ҦΪ꣬ο֮ǰôûʲô³Щ⡣
ԴˣҲɻ󡣡
˵ţȻ뵽طĻֶɰο֮ǰصضˣǲԷݡֻֻعͺã
Էݡĺ⣬ԷӰĻҿѡɳĬ˼ӣͻȻڡ
ԣһȻЦѡ
ط˼չˣʱΪߵ߲嵶ͬطߵҲܱⲻȥ鷳ط硣
ıġ
ѡ
ꡢѼһܹһӣطȴһȺ
ӺִӾƵͣΰѵȺʱ
һ棬ӷ飬̫ҲΡ
ΪҪǣɣ棬Ҫȥ𾴵ˡַʽ˵ء
С㡢ܡ
һ6յ˹˹Ӱ֮ͣΰӭϣӭ
ܣ׷ôȿڣȥܵİ׷Ƶ״
ײϵ˲ᣬˣѡ⣬˵Ƚϵ䡣ΰʵ˵
ԣ
ԣ˫ȭؽգȻٷϻֱӳӾƵſȥ
״ΰʹ˴ǰľӢ£ɺ棬û¥ھƵϢ׼ѯΰʱ
Ʒƣ
Ӻվڰ׷ƵķſڣŴ򿪣׷Ǻ׵ͷ˫ֻۣǱͱһƵģ۵޷
ԲӦúһġ
߽䣬˳ֹϷţһѽ׷§뻳УǸ˵
ɵĻůĻ׷еί˲䱬һᣬˮܿƵشۿӿɣҲŪġұӲͷƤѵҲˣû뵽Ǹ
˵׷˵ȥˣ޳ˡ
ƷƣûκδΪ˹͹˾棬ܹǸ˵ƣѾǾˡ
ȥ׷۽ǵˮȻ۵Ű׷ƺ׵ŭȼյǸ˵ǰ۸㣬Ĳҵ¾ȥˣ
ɣҪ˰ɣϾء׷ЩǣɻԼͷ鷳
Ʒƣģ£Ҳ֪ˣصҹˣҲµġ
򶨵˵ڷһᣬҺȥ鴦ˣ㡣
á
׷ʶصͷ
ɲٶ˵ڰ׷ƵĶͷһ£ת뿪˷䡣
ǸĿǰһΪֵ˽˲ݺȲ衣
¥´ʱѾȫ˽٣ڶɵΪԷһ˱δޣǴ˹ȥ
õģһ㰲š
ɶԴûκ飬ʱݡλ棬οطصģ
ӺŵɺԼıڣӢ£˳ǰֲݡ
ͬʱ
λڶߵķֲݡ
ԭһɫ۵Ȳ裬ӵһ硣
ܣŶ³īĶӵӾƵ󣬴ûʮӱ뿪ˣ·ǳŷֲȥˡ绰ͨͲдһͳżֹ
֪ˡ
Ϣû˿Ľźη壬ǵһ䣬Ҷ˵绰
١ǸͦطӰطΪ˸ͷȻˡ
ֻͨЦһȻо˸ڴҲãøһϲϣҪ


1022 
ƿţ߽˲ݵİᡣ
˵ǰᣬʵһܴķ䣬һƽףһС͵ļɽʮ辰ܰƣ滺Ĺէһᣬɾ
һ䷿Ȳһܡ
˿̣һɫ۵ڲԣһɰƷΪ׼ļƷü
꽣üĿᶨ׺ݣŨصɱԵλϷһѱ⸱˿ľս
죬ҸղŻһȲ裬˿͵ӭ絶һĿ⣬Ҳһë
Էˣ
ۿ꽫豭ڲϣʵ
֮ǰȲʱѾ˵˽顣
֪ѹûúõ۷ز˾
һʼļƻǣװģسԶٷȻ󽫰׷ƹ˯˰׷ƣٸ߰ۼźȡû뵽׷Ʋӡ
ɥʧ˯׷ƵȤֱӵþƽ׷ƵԴ׷ƶ⣬׷ƣһ߷ΰ
ǵģ硣
ͷʮ𾴡
һ棬֪ʵǿǻߡ
ΪҪǣȻĸҵĺҵĵλĺͣҪһ㡣
Ϊһһӣ
һҰܸҶδ飬̤黪ĸأѹεѧ츳ѵӣѧ
һǵطɱĳӣһϵĴˣ
ȻҲһѧ䣬һӡ
طô
ͫ׶ȻбŷŨҵɱ⡣
طɱӣһжطź⣬ʵãսɱطˣ
ǡ
ҡҡͷ
Ǵ屡죬Ϊ߲嵶ôôûԣЩʧ
֮ԻۼŵĶ̫ĿĿҪĿӶŭط磬ط
Ϊطһİ֮ԼڣһڣΪط϶Լ
ϸоط·ΪҲ缤ŭطĻطû׼ͻԼһ䣡
֪⹫ҵĹϵ룬˵
ĸҵĺˣѧ츳̫һŮԣС㱻Ե޸ĸףΪΧĸˡ
ĸףƷޣʵҵŵŮնˣҶĸΨǴӡ
ȻˣǾ취й¶ȥ
飬Ȼ̬ȣΣһҪ취ŭطǸ飬Լ常䣡
ģطȻûˣߺҪˡɳ˼裬סġ΢΢һЦг
ŶһȻȤʣɵ˭
档
Ц˵һ֡
Ǻǡ˼
һȻ뵽ʲô̲סЦ
磬һһϷӦûܾʡ
ҲЦˣȻһյˮݲ裬ȴǰ

Сʱ
桢˴˷ֲݡ
С㡢¥ϵȺλʱ룡
ſڣһ󺺿һڵǵûк£΢ЦŻӭ
Ϊ֮ǰѾӵ˵ˣȥ
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ǸǣжϳǻһĿŵǣ֤ȫǣпȫ׼
㣬ԡ
üͷЩ
ˣʲôҲţǸҰô
ϾǵγǵĸˣĹķԶɣҪ򶨵öࡣ
£һȣɺͱڡӢ£ֱ߽˲ݡ
С㡢ڡɽˮᡣ󺺼״ڱѡ
һѣеĲֱҲüͷøˣŲͣ
ܿģɵˡɽˮſڣֱŶ롣
һ̣˵Ӱһ˵С
ţ
ֻɨһȻĿ㱻ˡ
ϸܵŨҵΣϢ
Ŀ⣬һֱ߶ϵĸоͷŶЩ
ৣ
λϵıɫһ䡣
ϳǰѱ򵥣жϳѧִ󵶵ĸֻ֣һطң
еľͬʱһϷʵĿһˡ
ϴ󣬾Ŵ
ţţЦˣȻкδ
ԭһЩ棬һ׸Ķӣôǰۼţԭһߡ
˽ŲһˣһҺܺ棬ѵ֪ۼűվشʦôҲһ䣬شʦ֣ߵܹסһô
棬㲻Ǹôһϵƾ仰Ҫ뿪
ᵽط磬û˿ľ⣬ЦҰķϣҸһᣬڴ뿪ҲΪ㡣ȻīĶӵ
㣿
Ļɣ£ͳͳԭأ


1023 ޼ɵ
һߣѾ˰ڣ־Զͨǿ
֮⣬ָµĽɽΪĸƹܳ޵绰Ȩ˺ܶˣͶһžԼǿĴࡣ
Ȼ
һ̣Ļˡ
һһ㣬վԭأһ
ƹ£ؿг֣ܣ
ȻǸûбҪƭ
Ȼ·ϣָģм񣬵ȻţԼѪԵϵ
Ͼļ䣬Сʱ򣬼شˮĸȥɻˣ͸絽ɽˣˮ˴ׯö˽һȥʧȥ˸ĸϢΪ¶
㡭˵㣿
֮࣬濪ʵгŲš
ûѪԵϵĻһվôЦӸ𰸡
ⲻܣ
ԣлع񣬺ܼᶨҡҡͷѹ˵
бҪƭô
ЦȻ㲻ţҾ͸˵ϸһ㡣ʮǰˮǵǸˣסһ㣬Ӧ֪Ȼûи㡣
ৣ
ɫٴһ䣬һû˵ǵ˵ȥ
ףҲҵĸʱɽ꣬軳ʱɽĸףȻĸס㣬׸ңΪҵŮҸΪǸ㳤
Ҹ˵Ǹ˽ʵһʵˡҸ뿪֮Ǹʵ˶ͦЩȥɧĸ׵ˣȻ־ȼǼңһҲɻĸǸѸӣȫ˷Եǰ£޷˵ȢĸףΪǸֻϧãǳ֮С
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ҵĸֻһڶʮǰеǸˣеɽҲãҲգ㸸ףûκιϵͬҲûκιϵһ˪䡣
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һҵıӻ£ϣĵĸĻ³̫ܲáΪҰѹûĸס㡣
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١ңҺô𾰼ΣشʦҾǨӵ⵱ͷڹꡣ
вû˿ľ⣬ڣԣҽ찴شʦָʾǰΪɵδް׷ֻعþƽ˰׷ƣҴһ⡭

潫Ļ˵꣬Цһ㣬ЦֱӴĻֻع棬ҿûڵơǼ˶ԣʲô𣿡
شʦԣʲô𣿡ŭ
ǲθڣѧҲгÿġ
һΣڣͻȻˣ޼ɵش棬ĿеΣأƾղЩһٴζϧ˰ˣҲϲˣԣҾһҸҵС檡
С㸸ӦòʲôɣȻҲûáںǣҿˣҲҾܾ
˵Ťͷһ赭д·һƷһԭѱռΪеƷ
磬ܿ˱ĸҰǱߣ֮ǰ˵ѹûôܻأҿǱߵǿܻȻ㿪ˣҲ˵ʲôЦЦ
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죬ɫ࣬ŭ⡢ɱͬɽ緢һ㣬Ȼ
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磬˿ԣīĶӲУģȻҴҪһɫ֪үмֻۣ
ϷʵضɣЦ⣬ǰȻػȥδؿԼŭط簡
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ٴŰĻ´£׷ͳ˻еǹڵǹڶ׼ˡ
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£κηӦ㱻豭󣬿µ˲佫ǵ÷飬ѪģеǹȾѪ䡣
һĻ£ǶʹһֵؿǸо·Եħ
֯ȻĹ涨߲öͨ˳֣ͬʦ衪ǹָң
ͬʱˣͳһӦңҽ첻ɱˣѾ߱ʬ塣
£ֽĿͶ棺棬㻹Ҫô
شʦŭǳܲˣνҲܲˣ
ʣᶨ


1024 븰Һ
˲֣µͬˣһɡ
һУȷԼĶ֣ҽպпڽӣû¶˿Ŀ־壬Ǳֵúǿơ
һ棬˵Ϊŭ
һ棬һһε촫˵ط磬ͬ˵˼ˡ
ǺǣطǸİ
Ļ˵û˿ľ⣬һֻҸ㣬ҹҰۼŵ鷳Ϊ˱طȻɱ㻹Ϊǳͷô

Ļɣ£һˣ
ȻǶû뵽⿴żȻ飬ʵȴһȦף
ǵشʦԼսһ뼤ŭشʦԼ
ò˵⼸ľûа׷ѣȻ𾪣ܿ뵽еĹؼжϳࡣ
ǲҲԽԽϲˡ
һΣڣȿڣֱӡ֤Ĳ²⣬ͬʱҲüͷ˲šһ𣬡ˣСҪ׷ѿˣץˣҴ뿪
ϣ
ĻЦһֱɡ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬Ŀ絶һɨɭɱ⡣
Ȼ
ȴ治ɫһ޿ֵ磬㻹ǽλŪȥɣͻȻһ¡
Ҳԡ
ͷȻ͵һֱƾճǰȻһӣһץסĲӣӥСһ㣬
ͣȻһֱ棬»صλϡ
һУƸӣʵֻ˲䷢ɺڶûпĶ
ֵĻᶼûУ㱻λϣá
һĻ׷
Яǹ֧ȻѰǱǶҪȥηô
һһϷʵ˵ţȻһȾѪǹ鲻ҲͦԸһᡣ£ҾͷŹǣһڿǹɵǺȥη֮ѡ񡣡
£ǹ׼һڣڵǹڶڶԷϡ
ͨ
ԭͱղųŵð˿̱ǹԴһֱӵ˵ϡ
һ
˵ţǹָĵڶڡ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ
ֵ֮в£ڼ˾֮⣬ȫ˵ϡ
㲻򣿡
üڡ
飡
£ڻػ㳯ŶԷϥϿһǹ

ڵϥ˲ѣʧȥģԵ˵ϣʶҪ֣汻λ϶ãַ嶯ͷ
ΪǸһһ֣ҾԻ֮ǰһûκηͷӦ£ɱ
δޣδ޶ʱǲǺܷŭ
һǹ֮ûмǹߵɵǰһˣ˵
ûлش˫ȭգŭĿ
ţһܷŭݺݵһ٣û뵽һ
״ȻЦЦ֮г˳ϷˣôҸ㣬һʼ뷨ҪŮ˹ݺݴݲһ٣᲻ɱأ
Ҳݡ
ٴĻŭһҪ
Ȼ
һ̣ӽ˿С
Ϊ̧ǹǹڶϡ
Ц
ɱұ֤֮ءشʦԲĹ㣬ҲŹң
ʱٴοˣţžھ޷ת޷Կڡ
棬Ҫطвˣûá˻Ҳ£һм
Ҳ꣬бͿǹҪһüͷģ
ȻǹԴû˿Ŀ־壬еֻǷŭ˵ʱ򣬻صָָԼԴ˼
һĻУѣ޲ҸȥȻʵǣͷӲˣ
ɫһ䣬ͫ׶Ȼûҿǹ
ңǰɣΪ֪֮˴ǹɱˣܷ񶨳˵
ŭЦҲҽҪŪ磬Ĳ·ͷ
飡
Ӧɵһ졣
ûҿǹһǹɵԴϣֱӽҵڵء
ƹ£ɵԴϳһ˿ڣѪ쭡
ɷ·оʹƵģûȥ˿ڣû¶ʹ飬ȻһЦؿǹôô

ɵȡЦŭһͼٴǹɡ
Ȼ
һΣûԴУȻͬһͷıһ㣬
ಣ
һ̣ƿٴ
ԣ棬еĲ豭ֱӻɵСȡ
飡
ꡪ
ͬʱɵСȹӦϣֱԵڵء
顭
ȥţһٿߣһʮţߵѪ
ǲǿڿ˵شʦ뼤ŭشʦԸھϵ
ۿɱļ٣Ȼ뵽ʲôͻȻ˵
С𣿽ˣͣط绰
ԣǵûֹֻͣ
õģ硣
ͣȻֳǱѪȾһţɻһֱӻ˹ȥ
һĻŭ£ͬʱҲ˼£ֱͣӲͨطĵ绰
Բشʦʵޣδ񣬶һɱһ١
绰ͨȿڣδ˵꣬㱻ֻ˹ȥ
ط磬ֳǹеѰǽãͲȥηˣֻǹڡӹֻһЦ
˭
绰ͷط֯ľۻδڰ룬Ļ
סҽһ常Ůͦθڣͬ⣬׼ΪС檣ҡ
һҺܺ棬ңԵլң
븰ҵĺô
Ļ䣬طͨߵش
ɱ



1025 ³
ֲݣɽˮᡣ
طɱڵĻ֮û¶һη壬ֱӹҶ˵绰˳ֻֽ˵ϡ
ȴȥǱߴк
˵ţ˳һᣬСһֱӽ
á
ͷҪĸ׻㱨飬Ҫʾһš
Ϊ¼˵ֻһִߣĸײǱƶߡ
ãԼĸҲĻʹ
ٷϻֱ뿪
Уûͽ͵üͷšһ
ǸЩŵعͷˣбȻè壡
٣
뿪֮ıڲվǰɺڷ
ˡ
һ̣ɻӦֻ𶯵
ֻٴˡ
ĵ绰
һǰֻɻ㱨
ҡ
ɲ˲ϡϵѪȻһѽӹֻͨ绰
磬㱻ˣ
ȿڣЩ͵ǡ
Լһٶԣ汻ߺᷢʲô⡣
Ͼ֮ǰĿŵ˵ҪС檣
Сɣô£ľϸ˵һ顣
绰ͷطɱ⣬ûäĿ嶯˽ƶԲߡ
һŭ
˶طۡ
֪طÿһγһŭı
ط絣սСӶӳڼɵϰߡ
ϾÿһΣգ㲻ΪԼҲҪΪѵ𣬸ҪΪľ
磬ġ
ǿʹɿؽľط硣
Ȼ֪ĿǰƣʱȽǮ󣬽Ƿܹħצ
֪ˣСɣȻûٶ֣㻹ȴδתƵطҹȥ
ɵطüͷһ˼ӣӦ⣬һ汣ڵơ
õģ硣
˵ţȻطѾҶ˵绰
ôˣ
Ȼ˶ûɢȥ˿̿طͨһ࣬Լͬؿʵ
桢Сǳˡ
ط翪ڻӦû˵ϸڣԼࡣ
ģҵ˳ıӵôطĻ£һŭ
ڻģкܶ࣬Ҳкܶ࣬׿治̸㲻ģڵļ塣
Ͼ͵ĸΪĵһ춥ˡ
֮Ҫȳ㡣
¾Ҳˣһӵ侲ˡ
ӣҼͷӺͶ˺죬̽һ£ʲô
ҶҲˣȻ͵骵үү
ţ͵ɡطͷȻͣĳȸңҿȥ
ãȾˡ
͵ͷȻʶʲôû˵꣬㿴ط˫ʪģͷðŰľƾζ˲ŨࡪطھƳ˾ƾ
Ӻط¥Ȼʻһ˹ܳǰ

ۼڶ̫Ŀϳַ磬ͻ桢ī֮ɴ˳ǹȥѰ𣬽ѵǱߣ
Сʱ֮һϢ֮㴫̽͵磬޴𶯣
Ϊ̽绹ǵĴУۼűվط磡
ĹǶ˰ۼţǶط˵ģͳͳûк³
οطոѪϴ鶫ǷֲúųϵһҦұʢ
һ£ҸǿƵؽаط磬ܲ𶯣
ҵʲộҽаۼţط磿
𶯹˷ɻǲ֪뵶ҵĹϵ
ԣѧ絶ҵĸӹԻͷŻĸԸˣҲط簡Ͼ˫һϣ飬Ҧңõӣ
ҲĻʿͬɻ
³
µˣò
µһʱ֪¡
ԭкǿϢͶط֮󣬳Ϊ˳޵Ϣǿ
ȻܺطΪûд绰Լ£˼֮󣬻ǲͨطĵ绰
Ϣ˵ܳˣ绰ͨ¿żɽʵ
š
ϣط绰һ߼ʻһͨٽ٣û㣬ΪŪè塣ڸ·ϡǴ֪ģ
Ѿ̽Ȧﴫˡ
һȻط绹ûԣ͵
Ŷ
طԣͫ΢΢
֮ǰֻǻè壬һ̺ܴĻôʱ˿̣ȫ϶жϣ
ΪֻǵҸ˳ԲֵǷ꣬δػᴫ


1026 طţ
ҹλڶɽׯȴǵƻͨ
ɽׯλõһ⣬ͬľ׮һվһ𾯽䡣
һڿɳڽʲô
Ȼʱ˶ûл˯£ûһ⣬ȫûϢ˼
ȷô
еѩѣЩǵس帾ʵ
Ѿʮ꣬һҲϣӢӺͲɣʣһЩصŮӶԣֱǴɱ
ǱˣɽҲĸף
ӣҵĺӢ
꣬ǿһõӢȻӢ߻꣬ӣִ
ڳ׵Ӣԣܹ֮׸ңӢΣؼúӢһˡɽһδ˲Բ
ɽýõԹϵϵҲ
꣬ӢɽɵĲԲһۺ󣬾ϲˣףԲרܾˡ
ٺӢģҳɽףٴαܾ
һУӢܴɢĵĹУӶ֣ɲԲƷ
һ£Ŷ֮ƵȻϵĶ׸ƿҸӹһĴȨʵϣֻ̨ϵĿܣӢƶ桪ӢƴӣӢԲ
ڽ飬֪֪Ļʹͼƻв
ʲô£
ӢŸ߽űҡűеĺƣƲԷͼһϵľׯɫÿ
֪ģЩкܶ಻ɾ롣ط緢ּĻᱣǣߣǱס𣿡
ûԼĲֱӽϾЩȫˣּҴٶطУһΣּͬɥ֮ȮһӽߡּҶط˴ͷԪˡ
ּҲãҲգǿɱǸϣǸطǺòҵʵĻᣬûôǲĻǣ˵᲻ᱣǣ
ӢһŵҸҶ϶ط֮ǰֻǽǵӣҲΪӡ
ܷסǡҪ֪һʱһʱʱط磬ؼңؼλ˸ɽΪĵһ١
ؼҳٶȱ߳ӣͷĹ⻷ȫûˣ̵ֻеЩԺӵܡûЩһСӣǱļҪֵĻҶҪرᣬǱļ岻Ϊطһؼӳͷġ
ЩԺӵܶõ˺ͽжһɿµּҡҶԲΪ
Ҳԡ
Ӣôһ˵ЩǣһǸط粻ףֱӳ嵽ɱأ
˵Ҵۿ㣬Ӻôۿ㣿
ٴĻӢüͷѵ紫ط嶯ŭˣһԲϾͳֵͷܻ࣬ڣϸоϣһЩ顣ÿζԸˣǿơһֺܳ嶯ĸоıʱ߶Ȱտƾѡ
Ѿ鴫ȥˣҪ˵΢еӵˣܿεûô򵥡һ£ôܵɱأ
οǵɽׯоعţطˣҲ̤ɽׯһ
ӢҺͿ
˿˵棬ҲܹӢһԭ
û´Ļ˿̵طһӻȻֲⷢйֱءôһƱػ嵽ȥʱֻҪ΢һŭͳˡսҸ綼ѣ
ӢһںȵеĺƣЦֻҪһǽּҵĹϵǵİ£ʱգҺпܳΪѧһ壡
˸һǻ۾ͺˣ
һ΢ЦŹάһ䣬ȻߵӢ󣬰Ӣ硣
Ӣ¾Ʊ΢΢ۣһܡ
Ȼ
˲һӣ㱻һͻ˫ۡ
ܣɽׯſڣӳط磬Ŵſˣɽׯ
輸ϵĶԽﴫһıڣҲׯ԰İˡ
ৣ
Ȼ㱨Ӣһ
УӢԽʵſڵľعˣ
ˣعڡıڻص
طûǣӢʡ
عſڣҾôۣ϶ˡ
Ҫɽׯ
ӢüͷطΪԤϣúܲѧ
ѧ
ð׷ңȥס
ɽׯ⡣
طȫһԵľعһߣһ߶ſڵɽׯİԱ˵
£һɽׯ



1027 Ҫ
ҹĻ£طһͬسɴ磬Աǰһɽׯ

һĻԱһȻ뵽ط¼͸ղŵľ棬û׷ȥǵһʱԽ㱨ءط紳ɽׯ
عأ
Ļ㱨ڻظӢʵ
ʶؽĿͶſһȻع;Ⱥӳ£첽׼ȥ׷ط硣
ΪǽӵϼָʾطҪɽׯĻһҪֹ
ع׷ȥˡ
žعȥӰٴ㱨
һΣӢû˵ʲôֱӽͨ
ͬʱطɽׯ֮ûмٱ
˱ĽŲӡ֤ежϣδᣬŲûͣ
ط磬ҽ㲻Ҫ
ܿ죬Ϊһ׷ط磬ѵ
ʶôطͣ½ŲŤͷźӡ
ҽɣǻȫŵĹԱ
ԼݣȻָָԴžӵλǶ̾Ӹӳ񡣡
ô֪ҪطɨһȻֽĿͶɡ

ɼԶԣȻ˵˽飬ǰϼָʾֹطģط˿̲û
⣬֪̩Ŷ³סǻسΪʲôҪѵһϰָǣǵ쵼кţطʵܲ
ৣ
ٴطĻΪ׵عΪ׵̾ɫһ䣬Щصط硣
ط磬עôʣʲôǸţ
Ϊ׵ЩջǵõϢҪѰǽӵָʾǰֹ㡪άȶȫǵĹҲǵΣңǾⲿųģΣա
Ȼ֪ҼΣգôҪѰֹ𣿡ط練ʡ

죬Զԡ
ǵʵҪ˵ֹطһЩ飬ֹ涼ܡ
ط磬ͬ˵ȻǶ֪ΣգҲ֪Ķ֣ĸĻе˿㣡
񿪿ˣһȻ֮͸©в֮⡣
ط絭һЦٶ˵ȥ
ͨղŵĽ̸׿϶ԼжϣжϳϷĻĵݡ
һĻɺһۣæ˸ϡ
ɽׯĶű֪طɽׯ֮סˣ̸
ıӢ򸾵ıúܽһӱߵˡ
裬㲻˵ط粻ܽɽׯΪʲôֱӴˣ
żɽʵϳŽ벻
Ȼ֮ǰɡǰֵòһȫûнططɽׯ֮ˡ
Ҳձڴⲽ
˵Ӱ
ڹȥһʱ̫ơݺɱط磬ط绹ţЩ˲Ǳط統ĳ࣬Ǳطͽ˼³ôá
ǣǰ죬طոȣѪϴɽׯ磡
طһʱϵɽׯ֪Ҫʲô
һطҪɱĻǾԺ޷֮ɽׯͬǰȵɽׯһȮ
ȻɽׯЩҵԤϣҲţҵžعɱǣˣΪ˸˳ͷԼӽˮŻô
˲ͬӢľ֮󣬳侲һŵǵɱǣҲᶯһָͷΪ֯Ĺ涨߲öͨ˳֣
ǡӲɽׯʲô
ĸӢĻеĿֻżһЩȻɻ
ǰʲô
Ҳһ¡
ʲô
һ̣ӢӦһ󺺿첽߽˱
ڣո䣬ҲμӹӶڵѪǸݲӣƶ߶Щ
Ȼ
һ̣Ŷ֮Ƶĸȴһţܣˣ٣ءطˣ
عŰɣӢʵ
šͷ
ҪҵҪʲôӢһƺһҲɵط硣
ӢĻӢ޿ֵģеĿֻҲɢ
ȻͷȻֱ˳ȥ
Ӻطھعļ£ſڡ

õָʾĸһʱÿ·طĿ޷εĿ־塣
ͨˣĴжԣľƴ棬η壬֪طԣһоͬСӹҼҵϷѹֵһᣡ
طҪɱĻڣ˶Ҫ
Ҫô
ͬʱɡ˶һۣڶԷпĲ
ûд𰸡
طޱشӸǰ߹ֱ߽ĴĿ絶һɨӢˣ


1028 ̱ˣ
ΪԼжϣӢɳϣŶȣһյҡźƱ۶δطһۣǽһ޿֡
Ӣı֣˵УɢĵľţǿطžعҲ׷Ϊط粻ڴʲô򶨣бۿط磬һδطӡ
أ
ط翪ˣĿδɨͣӢϡ
ڵִﶫ֮ͨҸӹһ˽⣬֪ӢƿŻȨ
˭˭ģ
ӢһҡźƱһбۿط磬Ǹо·Ҫطȥ
ҵˣҵ˴ߣ˭˭Ǹô޿֣طһοˣͳ
£ϵɱͬɽ緢һ㣬Ȼ
⣡
ɱӿͷ
ǹɿµɱӿ֣Ӣˣɡˣͷһֻ͵رһ߽˱ѣͷһë
ʲô
ӢŬԼһЩǷ۽Ǽ⣬ĵʵܡ
ΪҳͿΪΪô
طοڡ
һΣ˵ͬ죬
һơʨӺ𡯵Ĺ
飡
Ļ£ĵ˲ըƬڵϣ첻ڶ
Ӣڣֳ˶öĤĶԴˣǰڣҡΣѪһ󷭹
㡭ҵžعǶ֣֪ζʲô𣿡
ݻ㱹ӢȻع񣬴
ַʽط磬ͬҲɢĵĿ־塣
ô
طʵжӦ
ৣ
ڰУһΣһͬһǰ

ոմӻ״̬лع񣬱㿴طվԼǰǿһ㣬ֱŵ
Ȼ
һ̣ĽȻֹ
طһӣһסĲӣӥСһ㣬ֱӽ
ɲǼ䣬ֻԼǱץУӲëըһҲҶ
һ飬ģ
طٴοڣɭҲӴȣ·ַʽڸػҪĲӡ
㡭ǿֹ
ӦӢٴγżɤӣɡ˴󺰡
ȥˡ
ӢĻϡ
ڿ־ʹ£ʶؿˣһǴһ㣬ֹ亹¡
ৣ
Ļط粻ٷϻǶһ㣬һߡ
ֻǴӹŹһȦ亹ϵ·͸ˡ
ءط磬ס֣
һĻɺ˼ͬʱֹ
ûᣬطһߵǰӸµؿ
㡭ʲô
ӷֵʵ
ףطͳʡ
ǡǡʶͷ
֮ǰ֪Ůǵûȥ˽ȥС檣
طٴοʵгŭ⡣

죬ȴûҿڡ
شң
طһŭȡ
ͨ
ֱŵôɳϹȥ̱ڵأڴʪ͸ˣǴˮ̳һ㡣
ءط磬һᣬôңžع棬Ǵ֡
ʱӢ͵վָط磬֪Ϊ־壬Ϊŭͼڲ
Ȼ
һ̣ӢȻֹ
Ϊͬղŵһطһס˲ӣȻӲ
ΪּҵͿǰҽУ
طһѽӢǰӢͿĨŷ۵׵һһҪˣּҵַ㣬ҵ³
ৣ
ȻطⷬӢɫ˲䣡
ΪҲû뵽ط羹Ȼ˶̵ʱڱ鵽鱳ʵּڲٿأ
û뵽
ưۼţߵѣĿ뼤ŭңֵұɱˣԹ⴫ϢþعɽׯſڣͶӶǰأŭսһӶһɱ
طһοڣ˵ıȴͬһӢը졣

Ӣɵˡ
˵طղŵĻֻȵĻôʱ˿̣ط綴ıˣ
û
𾪣
޷طô֪һеģ
ֻŵҲһؿط磬Ǹо·ʣô֪һУ
ô
Զɡһ±ƣǺ£
Ȼ֮ǰ±дè壬ط˵Ļ뵽Լһ˱ǹʹǸеһ£
ô
ৣ
طһɣӢ˲أͬһ̱ڵϣɻûдطлع
ҽţ¡
һ̣Ӣ˻عطһһһתһҪ˵ûоһ㸸׵Σֽ渧Ҳǿп棬Υ֯涨ҶһëҺͻ֯ģ
ڶǲ뾡취ŭңսһô
طͣһ£Ȼٴοڣɱ糱Ը֮ȥأժһͷ


1029 ĵ
ıطĻͬһը죬þòɢĿɿڴ
Ժ󣬵Ӣ˻عʱطӰѾʧ
ŭشׯ԰Ŀ
һŪ䣬ȻӢһҸ
ڶӢˣΪɡջһϢ
ұ̬ȣа֮Լ֮ȥսһ
ĿĶѴﵽȻûıҪˡ
ߡ
ɫЩѿûӢû˴к׼ֱӴ뿪
ǸղΪʲôֹ
ȻɵŲӢͻȻվǱǷŭԹ
ãֹôüӢ
ӢԶԡ
طʵҪ˵ɡˣҲ޷ֹ
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¾㱸ֻǷ磬Ǳ߿ɲҪ
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1030 ͳͳ
̩ɽɽڡ̩λڻʡвΰ磬С֮ס֮֮𡢡µһɽ֮ơ
̩ɽΪֱͨãΪճݡɽС̩ɽĺ԰˵ǻĻӰҲǡ˺һ˼ļ֮ء
رλ̩ɽ֮ϡ
ҲӲӡ֤ϵҰģϻѧĵ
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׺֮⣬鶼û˸ȥźԡ
׺ش飬ҲȥҺԡ
ԴӺԱչء֮׺ֻȥҹһΡطѪϴ鶫Ƿֲʱ
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ٴԵĻ׺Ц
طѲ֪гΪĲһղһղ
ζط类ɱϢ

ͬʱ
ŷǸϵĳǱ
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÷ͷңʵӦܹڳڿǰλá
ģطֻӵԴôսʵߣʲô𣿡
˶ЩջԭļƻȰ¹˹֮취ط׽طƳ桢ǿĹȻŪط硣
طҪʵ൱ںڰ᳤ϵһ䣬һɱļƻȫˣ
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ûӵİ׳գôڵģѵǿô
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÷̾˿һҲطܹⳡʤ
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1031 ͬն
ҹһƬľһԴ
ҹĻ£뿪һס֮󣬻صԼľݡ
ȻûѪΪһӵҵĵλһӵܻҪߣӵжľݡ
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һ޿֣ȻЦ˵طǸֻǺġȻΪ㣬Ҫ常֮ս
㡭˵ʲô
澪Ŀɿڴ
Ȼ֪ط統һİ֮Լ֪һ
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طΪҪһ֮ս
⡭ܲ𾪣
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ȻǰںµʱĽطðΣȥȾ£һ̣֪طҪΪһ֮սижǵǣ
طͬ˵Ϊ˾أ

һĻ٩ĸԸҵС檣ڽʱú÷ҵĻҿԿǰ常кطһ

涯ȫŭһݺݵض޲̳ȥʬΡ
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ŭЦǳԶһ㲻ͬҲûϵٵ죬󣬵طǸСѪ岽̸檵顣
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ѩ㣬뻯ڵ𣬵־Ƕţ١Ϊѧ⺺ѩ㲻ö
Ҳѩ㣬طԽһǽΪе񻰣־ǰ׷ѿࡪѩ㲻ýȥ
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1032 Ϊ֪ĵ
һҹطҪһ̩ɽ֮սϢ׷ͣڻȫѧ硢˾޴𶯺顣
ڶ峿̫ͬһճ𣬵ȴûһʱȥ칫ϰࡣ
ĵûнгʱ򣬳߷廹ûе˳ǰɽ
Ҳ˵طҪսһ飬ͼط绰һֱ޷ͨȻֲƶɴһ绰ɸֲӶߵʵղǺܾϸȥҶֱȥһ֯
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1033 һѻ
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һ棬֪ѧ֮·ԽԽߣÿһСĲ඼һ蹵羳սһǳѵ顣
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ৣ
ľһԭڴԶĽŲ͵˫ۣȵߵſں󣬱ɡ
常
Ҫţһַ£Ŷ룬һʱһϹ
ͻȻңΪСб䶯
һʵüͷطͻȻȡսԼĻ֮ǰһаŶ׷ˡ
常طǸһֱڶӾƵ꣬Ӧڱչء
ǻشȻ˵⣬Ϊִ֯պطֵʦҶʮ֮ǰϵ˶ӾƵꡣ
Ŷ
һüͷһ˼ҶǰȥطĿġ
常һȥȰ˵طսġ˵Լжϡ
пܡ
һͫ΢΢Ȼȥһѻ𡣡
常Ҹô𣿡ʡ
ҵ壬ӦһǸС
ǣ常
Ȼ˳ľݡ
ʮӺһشѧ硣
طȱð常常дԸһθĹµĻᡪţԴ⣬ͷϴ¼̣
常ն˫ȣʦҶһϵһӵķˣ


1034 
һָʾһһ̬ȣʱȻ󲨡
һʦŭˣ
ҵ̬Ǹطڷڶˣ
ǰطˣղȥ̩ɽһʦҲն˫ȣʾ
Ǹطҵģʦ裬һʦʦеĶڣطǰƣǲʾôڻѧ㣿
ҪôҪôսҪôУطǰֻѡѡһ
ط·񣬼ȻԼҪսѾչڹϣ϶ǰ̩ɽӦս
һʯǧˡ
ҳʵдգѧ綼飬ͳͳΪطѡӦս
һ棬սطġ
ΪҪǣұ̬طջ֮ǰĻѡսһҲŹ
䱻һɱţ̩ɽһսսܡսҲΪѧĳ裡
ڡ
һɲ
һƾĵ꣬ڹɲķ£һܣһ
һŽɫĵгڹɲſڡ
УСҽǷѣд裬ذɡ
£вˣжϳ˵ݣ۾û
䣬ȷҪһأʦЦʵ
ţ
ʦĻ͵˫ۡ
Ϊȫѧϵ֣֮󣬱㱻ȫĵͶ䣬ÿҪڤ룬ϰѧһҪ뷽ʦд裬׼ȷ˵ǱʦǷͬ⣬ʦ֡
ڷʦ֮£䲻һǰͻ˻ڡ
ڹȥһʦûй첻ˣûֱӳ֡
е˲Ծ
У«ʲôҩأɵؿŷʦ
ˡʦڰ֣תߡ
ʦ
ʦķ֣ʶԾæ׷Ϸʦקŷʦ·ӵУǲʲôҪң
Ҵȥ̩ɽ㿴ȥûʲôȤǾˡʦʼ硣
ȥȥȥҺȤ
æ˵Ȼ־÷ʦƽ޹ʴԼȥ̩ɽʵûǴĻ̩ɽȥ̩ɽʲô
طҪһ̩ɽ֮սʦ
ɶ
ԣЩ£İ֮ԼѵҪаԣеĻҲûʱ䰡ѵҴֵѾţƵԻɱһĵزô
ط粻ǿԻɱһ
ʦҡͷȻ˵Եɣط֮ԽһսǰΪһЩ£Ҽŭսҳط粻ǰȥӦսһҲնط˫ȣʾ䣡
ӦսڵģҴֵһһϼһﻳƲƲ죬֧ط硣
طһսܹʤڹŴѧ磬ҲһĴڣ
ĻʦһȻҡҡͷȫϣ
ء
ԶҪչˣϢա
Ϊļ޳صһɽſڣ˵
ܿ죬Աɽг˳ͷģ꣬ͷһҰˡ
ڴˣһ
ͬһȫѧ֮ҲҳɽչأҪͻƻڣ׼ء
ǴģҪȥ̩ɽһ䡣޳Щɸֵؿżԡ
ȥ̩ɽ䣿Ҫ˱ô
һȻ뵽ʲôѿʵòطһһսɣûʱ䰡
ţǵսǰˡطΪ񱻼ŭսһӦƵط粻òս
޳Լ˵
ģڶûͻƣطֵѾսһˣһʱֱ̫
һɥΪҵ˵ǽԸģȴӶرط
һսطʤ࣬пܻᱻһɱ
ͬʦһ޳һҲطԻܵĵһ
ҵǾطֵܻӮ˵
̫СߵʵˣҲ̫һˡҿȷظ㣬һȻǶۣԯսҪ˵ط磬ѧ磬ڵĻڵʦû˿Ա֤ʤ仰˵طͻƻڶսʤһοֿ΢΢
޳ҡҡͷҼ֮ǰѾ뼧Եүүֹ̽⣬˵طܹһһȫѧһһ֮
ɽ
ɽɣһͻƻڵӥ˲Բķ䡣
ʦң
ӥ뷿䣬Ϲ
ԭҼƻʱ죬뿪ɽȥսȫѧϻܡձѧţѧ緢һ£Ҿȥ
Բֱ⣬˵ĿģطҪһ̩ɽ֮ս
ʲʲô
ԲĻӥһȻЦѾǿֵزô
鲢
Բҡͷ֪ӥҪսձѧأϴˢ֮⣬֮սһط硣
ӥѹ·ʱ㱼޲һʮСʱ
ʦ˼ǣӥЩȻ
˵Щӣ˵ط粻òһ֮սǰ̩ɽӦսһҲ֣Բ͡
ʦ˵ط粻һĶ֣ӥʶʲôüͷ˲
һʵңΪطԻôԲʡ
Ӧòܡ
ӥʶӦ
ΪͻƻںԲд裬ȫͬһΣʵ༫Ϊ⡣
һΣԲû˵ʲô
ط磬һͬȥձ֤һɱǸСӣϴˢ衣Ҳ룬ȵгһգʸһսʤҶ޺
ӥ̲ס˫ۣѵһУҪΪӰô
ᣡ
֪ΪΣӥоȻӿֳһԼе𾪵ͷȻʵʦطͻƻڣܻһô
ͻƻûã̶ʱͻƻڣܡңһ򲽽ͻˣʤҲС
ԲЦϾţҺһҲš
ô
ӥԣϵļɫȻ޴棬Ȼһ˿ϣôഫ˵Ҳٴε촫˵أ
Ž񣡡
Բǻش۵Ҳһ˿ڴ
ڴⳡƻѧʮΪ䶯һս쿪ʼ
ҲڴǸΪ֮̾꣬Խ


1035 ڵȴ
񴨣üɡ
ΪüɴӵĲϼųʦ̫ķ䡣
һֻۣһֻ¶棬һֵֻطһ飬޷ָ
һΣطȶһֱף˺ſڣѾָˣӰճߣ̫һڰϣɵݡλһǧɣ˾Ĵʦ㡣
һУҲҲʢˣȡ֮ԹһѵԹ
Ϊһ书ˣΪƢԸ䣬ʦ̫Ѿܾûټˣŵġ
Ϊ˵طһҪ̩ɽ֮ս顣
ʦ
֮󣬲ϼؾϹ
Һ£
ʦ̫ޱʣڲϼϴΰ²ڻӲϼ书ϣԸ䣬ϼλٴԣ̬ҲǺܺá
ʦҪǰ̩ɽۿطǸһʦıô
ǲ˳ʦ̫ĮϼȻʵ
š
ʦ̫ͷһսѧ磬ɵѧʦǰսΪüţȻҪȥġ
οط粻ֹһüʮջ𣬶Ϊطһսذܣпܱɱܲȥۼ֤һĻ
ͨ
ϼԣֱӹڵأȻſڵϿʦҽеһжǰطǸͣζɱʦСϼһͬǰĿطɱһĻйͷ֮ޣ
á
ԲϼĿ룬ʦ̫˼ӣȻ󿪿ͬ⣬Ȼ󲹳ȥʰһ£һʱ̡
лллʦ
ϼæͷȻʦ̫֣˳˷䡣
䲻ɱ㱨𣬵˿ɱ㣡ҪۿһĻˣһҪǸС˵³
뿪ʦ̫ķ󣬲ϼŤһԹЦţǸо·ط类ɱһĻ

ྩѧЭ칫¥
Ϊ᳤ʢո֪ͨ칫ΰǰĻƱӵΰĵ绰
үү綼ڴǸطҪȥսһ𣿡绰ͨΰʵ
š
ʢ϶ظ
ҼǵһǰǸطǰߣȴսһˣôģΰеЩ˼顣
㲻Ҫ˵һ룬ʮ֮һ㣬үү޺ˡ
ΰĻʢû뵽ԼӵطĹڣ̲ס̾˿
үүо仰˵úãľַش֮ҳط㣬ѧ츳ҪڵһУȴԺúõػţ
ΰΪȻżȻʢ˵һĴ֪һ

ʢûһ£ȴ֪η
ΪͬԼӵĻһսطûκʤ㣡
塪
ʢǰŸùҶֻ칫ҵĵ绰
ţ
ʢͷһڲ绰һȻͨ
ʢʲôʱǰ̩ɽ绰ͷƻȿʵ
Σǰһϵ̩ɽʲôָʾ𣿡
ƻϤʢһȻ˵Լİš
˰ҶһƱҺһȥƻ˵Ŀġ
ҲҪȥʢЩ¡
š
һսĻͬΪѧʮΪ䶯һս
õƻĵȷϣʢЦһȻһʵôһսطСһлʤĻ𣿡
ȻҲ֪ʲôսһţʤĻƻ˵ԼĿ

ʢԭأ˺üӣȻعʱƻѹҶ˵绰
Ϊôط磿
ʢ̲סԼ
ûд𰸡
һ̣ʢֻϳ˷ڴǸо޲̩̽ɽۣ֮

ͬʱ
ӴƵ꣬һ׷
һֱ̫ˣ
ҶĶ棬뵽Ҵŭ˸һŭС磬ӲСһսΪؼǣС粻ӦսҲռ˴壬ɶС֣ǻ֯޻˵
ҶĬֱĬյĻ
֯ȷ涨߲ͨ˳֣Ҳ涨߲ܹǿʵСʵǿߣôʵǿǿԳֽѵԷġ
ʦ裬˶
طսһܲⲻƣһˣһҪѵط磬֯Ȩ档
µȰСһսˣҾҲ岻ˣֻڴܴǾϲۿҶ˵ٴο˵
š
ҶͷȲطĳ嶯
ͳ׷طֻſãϥڴϣźϹ
մһɫ۹ɢŶζζܴ̱ǡ
Ȼ
ˣȴ˿⣬ͬɮ붨һѪʢͬһ¯̡
ҩѾ˺Σ뾢ѵ˻ڵļޣûмȥͻƻڣڴ߶غҩԼǱܣͬʱϸظŻҩԡݻ޸
ͼ롶ǹ֮УӶǹʽ
Ϊи˶ǹʽԱäĿͻƻڸ壡
ʱһһţط״̬ʹһսС񡯶ѧ֮Уڲ֪бøǿҪ׷뾢ҲҪﵽڵļޡ
һ̣֪һսڻȫѧ𶯡
һ̣Ҳ֪к̸̩ܶɽкܶӴƵȴء
һ̣Լʱ䣬졣
ڵȴ


1036 Լ
ʶ̩֮ɽۣ֮嶥ʵϵۡ
ʶɳ̫ƽ壬ʼԶ޿ɻޡҶ⡰ŷ硱˵Զŵڴܲ죬ɽ
峿մӶߵ¶Դϼ죬һ⴩͸ʶ·ȺɽİͬһȻĻʤա
һһɫۣϥʵĸ¥ϣԷԯա
һɫ۵ߣվʵſڣ䵱ͯӭĺߡ
˵Ӹչ½ϵʵһЩݵˣӭʵһûʲôߣͳͳ֮⣬ʵſڵȴ
ŵӹ󣬿ʼ֣һϵѧʦٱȭ䶷
ڶĿùطɱʦͽˣҲӺδϼ֤طǿƴ򱬾Ҵˡڡ
գطһսٴθʦһλģνǶط缫ע
䶷ִ֮ӽȭȭҲȺˣ䵱ͯˣǵɡ֣ӭʵ
ڴ˹Уһʼϥڸ¥ϣûûۣΪ
Ȼ
ˣ䶷ʦûиеκβ
Ϊ֪ǴɵĹңһһˣŵ֮а׵ʸ
ŵʱ򣬰޵üųʦ̫䵱ʦʦֿڤʦѧ̩ɽȺˡ
ǵĵһӭӣҲֻۣڸ¥϶ʾ⣬δ¸¥ӭӡ
һӰڵòС
ʮӵʱһͻȻʵϿ
䣬Ӱ֡
ʦ䡢Բӥ޳뼧ͬʱʵſڡ
ڷʦɽɲԲʦҼ޳ʦǵĴ˵
˳֣˵һʱ˵˵ݣȻϹ񣬡ӭλ
ӭ̩ɽ
˵Ļ£һһԾӸ¥£ʵԺڣ˵
һԩԩ౨ʱˣִ̫ˣⲻǺ¡
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ͺ¿ҪսҺܻӭ˵ĵģùԶ㣬һüĿⲻɨʦ
һĻʦϲƽٶ˵
ԭ׼ڵĲԲ޳ҲߵĻʻ˶ӡ
һ״ٷϻȻһٴԾ˸¥
ʦԴʦʦ
ͬʱֿڤ䵱ʦӭ뷽ʦԲͼ޳˴к
˵һʱӦ̬ȺܿŰ衢Ŀ˵һγĶԱȡ
Ȼ˶ˣôطƱػְɣ
һĻΧЩѧʦ뵽
ʵԣ߸࣬ؼʵΧˡ
֮⣬Խ塢ΪĻĵС
˫ֿվμ
Ȼϵ÷ʦԲͼ޳ˣͬʵЩѧʦһΪط϶
Ȼ
ʱţǵĿʼҡ
ȵʮӵʱ̲סˣⶼʮˣط绹û𣿡
紫ԣڶչأˣȻԱչΪڷһսɣ
пܣ
һʱ䣬ʵЩġû߷׷Ϊط粻ࡣ
ǣʵڣѧʦҲҡˣ̲סʮˣطջô
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˿ڻӦ¥еһͫ׶ȻһȻԾ£ٴʵԺҿ첽ſڣһӭµĿˡ
˭ˣ
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ǻѧЭ᳤ʢ
Ȼ᳤ˣô֤طӦû
ԺѧʦɻʱԺЩ߿ʢһʵ׷׾
ЩߵĻԺЩѧʦȻɻ󡪡ʢΪѧЭ᳤ѧЭһͷʵȨ֯һվſӭӡ
֯ƻĴʦѧЭ᳤ʢʦ
һ̣ٴοڣΪ˽쳹ʶϿա
ৣ
Ȼ˵ĻʵЩߣԺڵѧʦ׷׾ɫһ䡣
ΪǵļУƻĴδԹսѧκһ䡣
һζûУ
죬ƻľȻ
Ρ᳤ӭ̩ɽ
ԺЩѧʦ㵵ıУƻʢʵſڣһ񡢻ӭ
һʲôʱܴ̩ɽˣƻһʵޱʡ
֯
ƻĵĻԺЩѧʦ׷ʶʲô
ৣ
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˶ƻƣοԼ
֪Ҷط磬Ϊҳط¶ȫѧھܻ֯ϲչˡ
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Σһˣﲻ׼ȷ¡
ݵĳĬһɫЩѿȻҲ֪ΪǰطСơҵ飬˽֪֮ǰⷢҵ̬ȣ
طСԴ⡢ͷϴҼ̣ӦսҲ飻ǰһԳУն˫ȣ
ǿƣ
Ի֯Ρȫһǿƻģһڱ֮չֳҵǿƣȷʾŹط磡
Ӧս
ǿƵһƻĲֻǵӦ֣ȴͬһʵϿը죬˲ԭʵ
ͬʱ
ӴƵ꣬ͳ׷
ৣ
ط˫ۡ
ϧʱе㼱ұͨҩ˺޸ԭһ˿봴İǹʽ
طֹͣ߶غ˵ţȻ˿ʱ䣬Ƿɿصԡҳ˸裬Ȼ·˷š
̹٣¥´ͳѾ׼ˣҶڵ⣬ҶʦմʦҲˡվڷſڣطæ㱨
ʦʦطʡ
С磬⣡
һ̣ط翪ڣԶ׷Ŵ򿪣Ҷ˳
ţ
Ƿ׷ײط粢ûͻƻڣüͷһ
ֹĿͶҶ
аô
ҶЩǵʵ
š
طͷ󣬵ҶնУȴͬһŶ裬ʱɢĵĵǡ
ʮӺͳӴƵͣʻʻ٣ǰ̩ɽ
طأڸ̩ɽ·ϣ
ͬʱϢ̩ɽ֮۵ʵȺ궯
Ҫô
£˶һڴ
ս̩ɽۣ֮
ⳡųƻѧʮΪ𶯵սվҪԼˣ


1037 ̩ɽۣ֮
ʱ֣ĵ̩ɽۣ֮ȥʶͷܶǰսˡ
жϵòվˡ
ԳУ
ܻʤ𣿡
ʵԶĵطԽ塢ΪĻĵ̲סۣ̾󶼺ܺ棬һսսʲô
ûд𰸣Ƕ֪һսĽططĵĸǷı䣬ش
طͻƻˣӦò
ţطȻԸֹһο羳ɱ֣֮ͬһǿߣȻд󡣡
ʦŵ֮ǹҵĴˣطͻƻڣҲѻʤɣ
ǿδأطȫѧһţѧ츳֮ߣ꺱Ҳ羳ɱһǿߵľ˭ұ֤һܣ
Ҽǵȥʱǰͻƻڣ׿һսյĽ̸ƵִѧһţԻڻѧʷ
ͬʱʵЩġûߣҲ׷
һΪطͻ˻ڣпһʤռ˴м̾طʵ֮졣
ǣʵԺЩԸɵʦҲۡ
Ϊطͻƻ𣿡ӽȿڡ
϶ģӦò
һСɵÿ϶˵
ûͻƻڣһս
һοڵǽȭţǻڣ֪뻯ڵĲ࣬߿ֻһС磬ȴһǵ˽ʮ궼ûȥ
ͻƻڣҲı䲻˱ɱĽ
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Ϊüšѧϵ̩ɽ֮һǻ۷ǿߣ֮жطŲмкεĺ⡣
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һطа֮ԼҸղŶԷʦԲѷǲˬ
Ϲ˵ͻһ磬Ҫȹ̾磬ȻϤþ磬ܷӳþʵ̺һ£¡
ϼһЦطţҲܸͻƾȫӳڵʵɣһ򲽽ܷӳڵʵսʤǰʲôЦ
ͺ¿úý̵һĴˣҪ˵øڶˡ
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죡
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δݹ٣ϷʧԶӭ
һ̣Ժѧʦٿڣһ
䣬Ӱ֡
һ׷ԲԵͬһ㣬ͻȻԺ

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ͬȫľǿһ֮Уȴ֮ϣ뻯۷꣬Ǳıչأ̽ͨ񾳵·
£ĿתضƻģͬʱȫƻĵϢ·ԣԺֻƻһˣ˶ڡ
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΢ЦŹάȻΣ֪ǸطĿСӻкüʱ絽ȺȲ衢죬Ҳһ
ûȤ
ƻҡͷܸɴؾܾ
νǰΪҰ
о˸ʵΣսǸСģһң㲻ҪָԤɣ
ģ֯κһˣԤ֮Լսֻᱣ֤乫ƽƻĵӦ
仰Ҿͷˡ
˿ƻΪط磬һһ治Ҷط硣
ȻһĻƻģǻ֯ŶܵӰ졣
һ˵ΪǸĿСӶǱӣɲһͽСӶˣҪ֪ô
ֽ֮ĿͶһЦ˵
룬ȻҪӣǾСһֻϳ书ˡ
һ΢ЦŻӦǸо·طǰϵ⣬׸
ţ
һһһͣףԸڸƻҩأ½ĿͶƻģȴƻһ޶ԡ
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Ȼ
ͬһӲƴһطһͬûˡ
ԺХһһʱܿһ͵ֵ
ҵҪܶã
һЦ겻ɢһ׷ط磬һط򱬲ݵ̬ơ
ৡ
һʱ䣬صϣƿϴӰ˫ٶȼ죬ΨЩѧʦܹ˵Ӱ
㹥нˡ
ϵȫһߵһԽԽʢԽԽȫռϷ磬׷ط͹
طǭ¿ˣ޷һ濹⡣
ţһʵռţطֻʱ⡣
һĻȭʦٴοڣѧʦ͡Ͽɡ
ȻطղһĶֳ֣ʵ֤ȫһѧţ˵
䶷̾˿Ϊطѧ츳չֳʵ̾ΪطҪеϧ
٣ɱվûʷĳ֮Уֻлǿ߲Żᱻʷǣ֪ߵغ񡢳Qˣע˻زۣ
ʦ̫ЦһȻ⿴ƻһۣǸо·˵㲻ΪطԻʤôô˵ˣ
ʦ̫Ļʦ̫ɨĿ⣬ƻûпֻһƽعעųϵơ
վƻߵַɿڤʦ޵䵱ʦͻѧЭ᳤ʢüͷüĿ֮ӿŵǡ
Ƕطӡ󼫼ѣڴطܹɳϻȫۣ֮
˿̣ݳϵƣǶΪطնҪڽˡ
ǲͬɽɲԲڷʦͼ޳˵ûеǣеֻڴ
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ǶطӱһʼڸһڿӡＤŭһȻʾŶáֳӣٽǱ
ط绹ǿɱûжá
ڱУ
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ڴһ⡢ʱط綯ǿɱлһ
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ԭط磬ͻȻסΣһȡ
ȳȭӡ
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죡
֮ʹıѾõǿɱУ



1043 Ťתսɣ
˰еط磬һ糱Եʱͻɱ֡
һȭطڵھ˲䱻֮һȫȭ֮ϣγھУת
һǿһ
֮ǰطá̡ɱһӲƴ·硣
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ৣ
˿µһȭ׷طһһαɫʶһ˿㱡
һȭڽսеһθܵΣ
һȭһֻþطһȭҪ졢ءһȭǰҪ
ǸӦñܿطһȭķâΪ׷̫ͣط̫޶Ļᡣ
ûʱжҵΪǿġնˣֻеʽӭ
ͷն
һõҵ֮кպĶͷնֵնγһԲͨնݻʽ
䣡
ʯ䣬طȭͷٴξҵһֵײһ
طȭ֮ϵͬʱըµھѹŷ̵ĺˮһ㣬кһֵŷھײһ
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ձײΪģΧһ׷Χ֮ڼΪգγһɷ籩ϯķ
籩ģһֵطһȭ俪ѿѪɽѪҲһ󷭹
طȭƲֱǰһš
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ǸطһȭǱеĻԴᱻҳϡã˲
ǧһ֮ʣһƾǿսܣһ飬΢΢һ࣬Դһƫ

طȭһŶµȭһϣǱѹһ㣬ΣȫϢ˾һ亹
յضطǿɱУȻ󲻸ͣ³ˡ
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촫һƾھסطİƣµķȻͬɵİһ㣬ɶ

ͻһĻʱðƻڣ˵ͫ˲ŴϳŲ̶ͬȵ𾪣
ô
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Щᡢû߶ԣ޷طһֵḶ́ͨЩѧʦĸ̸֪̾״һѹط磬طм֮ûУ
תۼ䣬һطһƳˣ
һ̣Լ˻þ
ǶԣЩѧʦĵ𾪸ң
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ǶԣԴطһȭһطһƳɣ
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Ϊյط磬֮ǰط磬Ȼھûͻƣսֱ̫࣬ͬն
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գطӱʱҲƵ޷ֻܿöӲӲ
һΣ᷸ͬĴô
ৣ
һֵնط˲䣬طԲ˼ķʽŤ˲򣬱ܿһֵ
顪
һȻأֵնգݺݵ˵ϣש˲ըĽ

ͬʱطͬһ㣬ȥ֮Ȼصһ࣬һǱѸ߳
һԭطá졯ֵѪھת裬˿ǿжɱСնܵ޴Ӱ죬սѲ۷壬Ӧ˰ģ
飡
һ죬һ类طһУǱеһ㣬ٴض𣬷Զ
һƳһطһŽһ߷ɣ
һ̣涨
ټʶһƬţ


1044 һ㱩
Ϧ£һطһУٴηɳǱ
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ͬʱʵ⣬ЩᡢûߣһɶĻ棬׷׾ԭأһľһһɴ۾ȫһ⡣
ԭطԻʵ֮ǶΪⳡսطƱػᱻһɱ
طӱ䵽ڣ𣬲üķʽλһ
Ϊʵ̫ԵʣǸûḶֻ́˽
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ҳ䶷ʦĻطܹȫѧھżȻƾʵɱĹھ
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ַɿڤʦ䵱ʦ޵ɽɲԲڷʦ޳ͻѧЭ᳤ʢͬòᣬǸˡ
ΪطչֳĿսʹ˿̳ϵƸеˡ
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˶طʤģطչֳսȻǸеȺ͸ˡ
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еһƾھػס;סطľ壬ιѿѪ߰ߣѪҲһ󷭹
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˺ԣĵ˺ֱһ㱩ݣ
Ϊԭ簸һڵط磬ǵû׸һƽɣȻһŽ߷ɡ
ԣһŶؿϣһŽǷڵҴ˵Ľ֧飡
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һ˫Ȼأƴֱӽµĵשȵըѡ

ͬʱطϵұ˳һȭ
ȭ糤ǹң
طٴζáǹһʽ̡
տʼɱУһɣ·硣
һΣֵΣ

һոأûлֻûΪֵնطХȭ
ɽն
Ϊʱޣһ޷ռɱնɽնӭ
ͬɽն֮ǰԣղűطһ߷ɣ˿ѪȣھҲЩת½
顪
ʯ䣬ȭֵٴξײһ˫ھͬʱŷһ磬ϯķ
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촫
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һΣطվԭأֱǹһ
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Ĵþ棬طûмȴ׷һ
Ϊؿǰѧ洫ԯһĽ¡
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˿̣һطˣǡͣԯĽ¡
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ΪҴˣһؼ̳ҵֳԯɱһľսϵֱ֮ҶƷܵζ
һԣǷеر𣬺ο洫ԯ
ط鷳ˣ
ط翴һ㣬뵽һ㣬ЩġûߣʵſЩѧʦҲ׷׿һµԯ˿жϡ
ৣ
·Ϊӡ֤ط˵жƵģһһʱԯץС
СҲòϣȫ͹ʵıȫҵ߸Ҷѧ֪һжûκ塪Ҳٸκλᣡ
£һһǧɵƶȻǣϵǱȻ޴棬ȡ֮ĺɱ⡣
һ֣У
һ̡
ֱ֮ǰǸһĵ


1045 ս·޷赲
طϧˣ
ǰղܵʱϧԯԱߡ
洫ԯսطܵһǳѵ飡
ѣǼȻطѾδ𾪣һǼһĿһսʤǵ

һĻһǱɱ⣬Щġû߷׷״֮ǰطǵлع̲סۡ
һԯǵ̬֮ǰһޣһΪطذܣ
ֵܣʲô
ǰѵǸϹеӾͲˣ
Щߵۣ͡ҶΪ׵ĴԺӵɫ΢΢һ䣬˸ֱӿѯʡ
ৣ
Ȼ¾ǵһʱ佫ĿͶ䣬ȴĴ𸴡
ϹǵͣųƵеĻսǿ١Щء
һԯ֮ʶ˲طû׷Ҳʼˣղǰֹ۵Ϊһսջʤ˻ط硣
ԺӥҲˣϵ𾪡̾ͳѱصıȡ
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Ϊطٴ죬񻰣ֿ΢΢ԯһսɣطƥУ
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ҩҩһ÷õ߼Ǳܣǿ³´лӿ죬ϸӻԾٶȵȱǿѪʢھϷӵǿ󣬿ڶʱڱǿս
ȫѧˣطɽׯ˶ط罻ֵʱ򣬶
УطһЩ˴߶ҩҩ֮󣬶ǱâȶԷҩ֮󣬲Žֻܡɱ
ط߶صĺҩҩԣЧԶ˶֮ϣʵ˲䱩ǣӵ˻ڵʵ
䣡
˲䣬˵һǰȭ˳ƺ
ǹʽ
죡
һΣطٴβϧķ֮һھԼռɱС
⣡
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Σʱ̣һһԯŵʣȻط磡
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ִ֮£һɶҵɱġ̡־
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ﬣ
طȭݺݵԯĵϣѾײһࡣ
ײ˲䣬ط̺ȭ֮ϵھͬʱըӿںһкͨԯһ֡
꣡
һ̡
ʶϣͷѵȻ
һӦϣԯ䡣
ۡ
ͬʱһѪٴεɶ
һط粻һ󣬶ҹھ;ˣ
ৣ
ͬʱطһӣһץסԯ
һȭһɹᵶ
һ̵ط磬ս·ǿ޷赲


1046 ժ㹷ͷ˵
⡭ôܣ
ͻһĻٴڳ˶סˡ
ƻģ
һ棬Ƶתʵ̫죬쵽ЩӦӲϾ
һ񵶣طϢǣȻֱһȭһɹᵶ
һڶ̶֮ڷ
һ棬ǿطͻ˻ڣҲֱӷӳڵʵܴݿؽһܣ
ܣ
ͨ
Ӧǵһ졣
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Ϧ£һȾѪɫһƬҰףͬĴϺһ㣬ܿƵس鴤
ղţȻԯط󣬶;ֵھˣ˿ѪңھҲתһսʣ޼
ĴˣԶ˺
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طƾ軯ڵʵԼķʽɣ
òõ洫ˣΪŤתƣطɱֱӱطݿػܣ
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飡
ΪһսĽһĴ̫󣬻һھתȻûж㿪ֱӱʻϥǡ
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촫һϥ˲ѣʧȥģһͷԵڵء
ৣ
ͬʱƿ
طһΣ˲һǰԯһ׹⣬϶£жһնһұۣ
ۡ
ѪĽһұȾѪ׹䣬ʧȥսһͷԵڵء

һĻս˲һ
ǲ뵽һǰ˵һЩ
Σһˣﲻ׼ȷ¡
ȻҲ֪ΪǰطСơҵ飬˽֪֮ǰⷢҵ̬ȣ
طСԴ⡢ͷϴҼ̣ӦսҲ飻ǰһԳУն˫ȣ
СҸıˡҾһ̫ˡҪ书֫ͬҶһһӵķˣʦͽ˳ΪѧһΡѻ
ؼǵãʱһԵǿƣٲȻط統ɰϵ⣬׸
˿̣ͬһһϢĶȮڵϣӲд
桭ңõʲô书
һͬʱط˻Ǹо·ǲ֪𰸣ҲĿ
ү㣡
طޱ˵ţٴһԯһĻߣնһ
ۡ
ѪŽԯ˲佫һͷն䣬̵Ѫ
һͷʬȻأȾѪͷ­䵽һԣȾѪ˫۵ɵùԲһĿ
ֱûеõҪĴ𰸣ϡͿ
Ѫ䡣
Ǹս֮ǰΪɵֳ꣬ԯȻ
ժ㹷ͷ
˵


1047 
Ϧ£ͷʬڹص
Ϊһˣŵ֮Ƶһطնͷ­ʬѪȾ죬ͷ­ڵϣĿ
Ȼ˶֪طɹᵶ֮ⳡսʧȥһĻȻ㹻𺳡
ǿǵһ
ɱͬľս˸棬ֱҶֽܡ
գȴҶͽطУǱ羳ɱ
ôˣ
һоһҸеʵ
ǰµʬͺҶ޷ʵ
ݵİЩġûʵ̲ס֮оǳžֻ̾ý֤һȫò˼ݣ
ֵ䣡
һߣǴ˼Ѫһ㣬øߺ
ΪڵĴˣطһսǶôľˣ
ⲻǿ羳֮սǿ֮ĶԾյĽһΪľطʤ
һ߶ԣǷ
طֵܣҵϥǣ
Ҳ̲סˣһط棬طȶĶ־ڣطĴ治ˬദһͬսȫѧ꣬˿̼ΪطеˣҲΪطչֳʵĽ
ط缸˲ʵֵ׳٣µ񻰣
ԭһǰձɱǸձѧţȻ׷ĲδһսԸͬˮ¡лʵˡ
䡢ߣӥа̾Ϣ
񻹲֪ȫѧϴأѱطȫֱлɱˣ
޵У
䡢˵ĸߺ͡ҶȴԺӵҲǼػָߺ
Ȼ¾˳׷ˣǰǲҡѪȵĻ棬ҲЩʡ
ȶԣº涼ҡѪȵĳ棬Ҫõöࡣ
УǰǵֱֳȻӰгŰĽ
ҵ֮뵽طΪԼɱж˫۷졣
һսȻѾأΪߣʮۣһȫΪ
ս޲ʤ
ͬʱ˲ԶĽ壬̲סڸ̾
Ļڵз׷Цŵͷ͡
Ϧ£ǵЦ֮г˿ɬζ
ΪǶĵĸֲ䡪ǰǸ䲻ڽһһн
طֱΪ
ǰ˲ܵ񻰣
Щѧʦⳡս䶨֮Ҳ̲ס̾
ѵ
һ촫˵ۡ
صϣطǶһ㶪洫ԯ
һĻԭصǰһڣ˹ȥ
ԣطһ̵ľٶǼ̤ҵҫֲ֮һţ޴棡
߱ʬ壡
ƵѪͯ˵һ䣬Ȼкûƻĵ˴򣬱뿪ֳ
ԣһӶǼ尾
ǡǣ桭
ͯеػӦһȻǿֻŵؿطһۣط粢δ֮󣬲СǰΪһʬͬʱҪԯ
ͬʱط羶ֱҶˡ
վȺǰ䡢ӥԺ͡Ȼˡ
С繧ϲ
ռطһʱףء
лл䲿طлȻʦҶ
ҵǿˡҶҲǺؿ̾
ֵܣҪԶԶؽ˦棬׷ϵĻᰡ䡢ӥͼҲΧ˹
䣬ɲҪɱҡطЦŴȤ
ط磬ɲɱѧ֮·Խ󾳽ԽӦĿ羳սԽѡһһˣʵҵʦ൱ԻڽɱĳɾͣҪ˵ִѧģǷڹŴѧ綼δ
ӥ̲סڣ֮о
һΣطЦЦûǫ˵ʲôȺȻ͵˴к
ʦȥݼΰɣ
һУطȡգҶΣҶ
á
Ҷͷ
ط粻ٶ˵ֱΣҶֱʵſȥ
Ϧ£طĲҶϣֱ
涨
һĻʵǰЩѧʦһ㱣ĿطŲͶǸϵˡ
꣬Ǹ˺ųƻĵһѧţɨִѧ֮սҴˣǿƽһܣһ͵Ϯ֮նһһֱۡ
ǸΪػĵĵ棬ǿΧ²У̳ΪһˣΪѧЩĺ֮һ
죬ĴˣŻѧ棬Խһ磬ǿնһͷ­˲ܵ񻰣
Ǵ档
񣬵Ǵ棡
һ̣ǺȻãǸȻϣȴֱͦ˻ߵļΪ˻ѧһᱮ壡
̲֮࣬סĿͶط磬оڴ
һ졣
̩ɽۣ֮Իڵʵ羳ɱڵһµ񻰡
δúַʽۣ֮
Ψһ⡣
üųʦ̫
ûȥҶطʦͽǴŵӲϼ׼͵͵ߡ
ʦ̫Ҽǵãⳡ֮ǰ˵طʤҪԴ⣬ǸطӮˣ㶼ûǸأʲô
һĻѧЭ᳤ʢͻȻһ


1048 ϣС
Գʦ̫ԣ֮ǰۿطһսΪʹȻѧͷʦˣۼ֤ط类ɱһĻ
ڲϼΪۿط类ɱصǰȥ볾ʦ̫һͬǰ
ڱʽʼ֮ǰʦ̫ͲϼʦͽŴεڿ˥ط磬˵ú
طԻڵʵ֮󣬳ʦֻ̫ƻĿȥˣºݻطʤԴ⣬طǸ
ⳡս䶨طԻڵʵһնɱʦ̫ϼʦͽ˵鲻ö١
һ̶ȥҲط磬뵱ڸطǸ
Ϊˣʦ̫ŲϼҪ͵͵ߣȴû뵽ʢץ˸ţơ
ৡ
ʢĻ£˶ԼͬؽĿͶȻȺĳʦ̫Ͳϼʦͽˡ
طҲͣ½Ų˿ȥ
ɲǼ䣬ʦ̫Ͳϼʦͽץ˸УҪжΣ޲Ҹضȥ
ҲֻҲͰˣûеضҲ޷ˣ򽫻ΪѧЦ
٣ʦ̫ⳡ֮ǰͽ汻˿ǵûκαʾұɱͶüÿǺð
͵ʦ̫Ͳϼ֪ΰʱطͻȻڣ䡣
ƻ˵һֱûǶüɣüһٶض¶⣬Ҳ
Ҳ˵ˣǶˡܾǰҾͽϳüˣûκιϵ
ʦ̫ɫѿӭطĿ⣬һһ
ǰѲǶüˣһʦͽնҲûԲͶü飬ǾͰͲôǻҵĺ޼޽ӵشʦϣǿ綾Ы˫ȭգŭضųʦ̫ϼʦͽˡ
죡
ȻĻϼǱȵβ͵èƵģʱըëˡ
ճʦ̫ǰǿҪȥҴ˾ڵŮŵòһط統С
ط֮ǣζɱˣ޲ó˵⣬˵Ѫ
ʲôСУطüͷһ۶Ųϼ
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ϼûһʶҪڻػ뵽طڱ֮ǰΪĲӣŵýߵĻ˻ȥ
¶طԲѷط統ѵɱ
ʦ̫ǲ̸£̸̸֮顣
ط״ͬСһĲϼ۶ųʦ̫һһԴ׾俪ʼ㳡һ䣺Һ㼰üʲôޣ
ҳϣҿˡʦ̫һ࣬仰
ˣ
ط䣬ӣҲᱻͷҲ޶ԣͲ̩ɽۣ֮նһˣ
ʦ̫Ͷüһٶض¶⣬ȻԸóʦ̫Ͳϼ뿪
ʦ̫㲻ҪԴ⡢Ǹô
ʢٴοˣԳʦ̫ӡ⣬̶ܴΪط׾һս顣
һս֮ǰ׾Իصģսĸѧɣɱ˼ѧİߣѧ缸ʧ
ǸʱطΪ˺ѧҫվ˳ʦ̫ȴڸֿ˥ط磬˵ΪѧЭ᳤ʢû
᳤
ʦ̫ûһ£ɫؿʢƺʢСӲźջ
ʢΪֻ۶
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ʦ̫㲻ÿң֮ǰѾѹˣһУºݻԼĺ·ƻޱ
⣡
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ΪƻĵĻ̬ȡվطǱߣ
һǽգطһ²뿪
뵽˴ٴɫѿؽĿͶط硣
֮ǰԴʽǸ
ţţʦ̫ˣΪѧ̩ɽͶüŵ뽾ȥιѡطǸ
£ıǸоȵڱ˴⻹Ҫƣ
˭Ǹأطʵ
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ʦ̫ԭѾϣӲͷƤǸˣ˿طĻ±ŭƻġʢ˵Ŀ⣬뵽ԼղŵĻеȷûᵽط磬ط磬֮ǰԴʽǸ
᳤˵ºݻҪԴǸΪʲô⣿طɺ䣬˿ûдʦ̫档
ˣ׻˵ɱ˲ͷһߣպ
ٴطĻʦ̫վŭˣŭĿط磬ӿֳɱ⡣
٣һһߡ
ط缥һЦһٶҵʱ仰ô

һΣʦ̫ûпֻضط硣
ã
ͬʱ˶Ϊʦ̫ڵ͵ûҳ飬ֲñˡ
Σ֮ǰ̫ˣе뺣
һ̣ط˵ʲôʦ̫ĿͶƻģǸȻֱӴŲϼ뿪
ʦ̫ΪüšѧĴ֮һȴ˵ҵ˵оʵ˻ѧ֮ܣŻ
ųʦ̫ϼʦͽȥıӰط
㡭ң
طĻ£ʦ̫Ȼͣ½ŲɱȻضط磬Ǹо·طٸҿڣҪطɱһ㣡
գҵ޷㣬õĽұصٶü̶ֽüѧ
طηӭϳʦ̫Ŀ⣬ǿƻӦ

ȻطĻ˶һ󲻽뵽ƻ֮ǰѳʦ̫Ƿ
ûǽطǶüɵƽ޹һǿУ
ϣС
ƻĵĻΪʵ
ü̯ϴˣ


1049 ιȥ
λ̩ɽȺ֮Уʮľݴ´һƬԴ
뾰һԶ뷱еͨ˹··뾰·ͨǱ
ȻѧͷＸ̩ɽۿطһսֻһͯ͡ǰʶ
ӶԣΪһսûжۿıҪȤ
Ӣһ˶ԣȥ۹ۿһսֵġطӦսı¶̫ԣûȥ
һɱŭ뿪ʶصͬʱӢһڴľ
ľӴõġ
ӢȻŮұз⽨˼룬ŮأʶӢûס
ûУ׸Ů͸ˡ
緢ϢѾȥʮˣطӦѾնˣ
ľԼ¼طԼʶֻǻڡ
˵ʵնСֻһ
ӢһЦһһϴ󣬴Сչֳǿѧ츳ؼ̳ѧľ裬ֵǿ
ֻҪСһǱӵּĺ֧֣ұȻչ׳󡣽ʱǴȫȫѹѧӣѧؽδųѤĹâ
һ㽣ȻһӢˣһУӹ֮ף

һ̣Ӣ˵ʲôһͻȻ
ڴһһηϹʺá
ᣬֱӺԼľݣٶȼ죬һӰ

һĻһɻɻΪֻһ˻ɫȥܲá
ˣ
ͬʱľӢһˣ˵һȻԼͬ߳ľݣӰӶûп
֣ӢЩ죬̲סʵ磬ҸղҰ˵ҰֺҸأ
С㣬Ҹղֻ˼ûпһү
λķǼӣһӢһˣϰԵسƺһӵΪүС㡣
Ұһ˻ģ
ӢõԲ۾Ǹо·ʣʲʲô
Ҳһ£
ǵģС㣬ҲЩ֣ҡֹ
ʲô
ӢȲʣͻȻӿֳһõԤС
Ҽȥܲá
ϸػӦһ֮ǰΣȷԼûп󣬲ſ˵
ѵ
ٴ˵ĻӢһвԼͬӿֳһŵͷһˣ
ܣ
һ̣˼ͬʱƷֿܡ
ǲţΪҴˣɱͬľսһܸط磡
ߣȥʰ֡
Ӣԥһ£Ȼҧҧ˳Ƕľȥ
Ƕľס
һԣӵҪ飬ȥľݴ
Ӣô̫ΣΪԲðűѵķƻء
ܿģӢľſڣľݵķţ֣ңӢ
Ҫң
ܿ죬ľﴫͳ
֣Ǹһȥʶôһ˻ˣСأ
ĻӢӲӲͷƤٴʵ

ӦӢһͺȡ
ৣ
Ӣɫʱһ䣬˵һֱ֣ת뿪
ɶĺһͷԣãȻظӢ
裬󲮲ᷢʲô˰ɣ
ţţվ̲סʳеĵǡ
ô֪
ӢŭӦ֪ΪѵԵʣԴĵĲ߶С
ҡҴ绰һ硣
ŵûһ£Ȼ뵽ʲôæͳֻͨĵ绰
ү
绰˺üӲŽͨͲдͯ
绰ͷͯ˾ţ֮Žһʬסͷ­̧Զ˵ĵط㶵ﴧȾѪֻ
ֻ֮һȻ֮ԥһ£ջǽͨˡ
ֻôţΪʲô⹫һ˻ˣ
һȻ˵ͬǹɨһ㣬⡣
үүطɱˣֻȡҲˣһʦҲطɱˡ
ͯսսػӦţͬʱ뵽֮ǰĻ棬ֻýŵװ嶼ðǽһֻš

ȻͯĻͫ˲Ŵ󣬻һһֱֻӴ䣬Ȼֻžһˤʯĵϣķѡ
ô£
Ӣͬʵ
ˡ
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ңˣҲܻطء
˭ˣ
Ӣ˵һᵽɤϣ֮ǰǸǾûͷٴǵͷ֣Ȼš
ˣ󡭡󲮺ͳͳطǸָɱˣ
ͷƤ˵仰ȻڴŴͷ亹ܲ¡
ʲʲô
Ӣûһ㱻˹ȥ
Ѿµ˿ܻ֮ǻǲţҲ޷ܣ
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ʮӹӢ򸾲ŲԼͬػعȻһ˴۵СۣǸо·ʱ˴ˣô
ûд𰸡
ǸǣȻһûнطɱּƱػὫǵ
һǼп⵽طķ񱨸
һУǲ
ǸоǱطһŴ߽˵


1050 ͵ɣǱʵ
ǻʡʡᣬΡĻáͨͿƼģĳС
Ȫˮڶ࣬ӵСʮȪΪȪǡСɻһɽɫǺ
ϰ˾ӵСɽȪӡǡطòγУǹʷĻǣʷǰĻɽĻķ֮һ
ʱ֣ѵ°ʱ䣬ӭ°߷ڡ
ϻشԺïԶȴû뿪칫ңڰ칫ǰһ֧һ֧̣쳣⡣
һУֻΪѽӵ㱨ط̩ɽۣ֮ڻɱһ
ˡ
ͻȻֻ𶯵𣬴˰칫ҵİ
ïԶȴ޶Ե·Ŷɢĵķꡣ
Ȼ
ֻϣ绰һ㲻ӵ绰Ҿһֱļơ
ïԶüͷøˣһʾͨ绰ŭ㻹Ҵ绰
졭쵼һ⡭绰ͷӢΨΨŵŵؽ͵
ΪѾȷһطɱĽ⵽طıӲͷƤïԶ绰ͼµջïԶӶּҵĴȡ
⣿ʲô⣿ĵ˵طȻҵˣţҵĴˣ˵еĵҿǵɣ趺ǰɣ
ïԶԭ鼫ƣӢһڣֱĸ˴ֿڡ

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졭쵼ȻҴΪⱻСɱСѲݣҸƣƱػὫɱ
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ҵ£޹ء⣬ҲûʲôϵҪٸҴ绰
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ཡཡ
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ïԶòҵֻ
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Ҳơ꣬ٳٲԸ뿪칫ҵԭ
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Ϊˣٴκݺݵһ֧̺ӲͷƤֻͨ˸ïʢĵ绰
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⣿ʲô⣿
绰ͷïԶԣɫһ䣬ӿֳ˲
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Ļ˵ڣ㱻ïԶϣ˵ЩʲôãïԶǿǽ´˳ȥˣðּΰ

ïԶԶԣҪ֪취ҲһֱᵽڲŴ绰ˡ
ۿïԶ˵ïʢҲ֪ԼĵܵǺİ컵£ûٶ˵ֱӹҶ˵绰
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Ϊʵдա
κ˶ɶӰ졣
ӽᱻּҳɣõֽ֧ἱ٣;Ҫһͬˮ¡лˣ
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û뵽ǣĽԶеأ

ҹĻ٣ֵ̩ɽðǰ۵ĺӣ˳˯
̩ɽԶһҴũֱ
طڴ͡
֮ƻġʢѧʦҲн塢ٵȽУĻҪ͡ҶΪ׵ĴԺӵܡ
ͬطһδ绰ǰһһΣطսʮԺӵȫս
ռһӣӣܹ¡
ΪطսʤٴηΪҲܾûоˣһǴڳ⡢ںȾơ£ò֡
ֵܽǣͣһ£˵䡣
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һڣԭȭơ̸Բ˵˷׷ͣĿͶҶ
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طǰЩҶ߾ȫСȥԿΪ׵ĺ춦ֲʵ⣬ûطĹǣڽڰˣеĻɢ
طӲӹҡźٴξ룬Դݿ֮һ˳ӣ춦ֲ
һУСﵽǰδеĵز
һսϴȻʤˣϴ²ôˣ
ҶѣѾ֪Ϊ˱طӦսСֶΣҲ֪ⱳïԶ֧֣ҽһиˡ
ţԲôˣ⣬ϴȻ˵ӦʲôСԵҲڱ̬ˡ
Ҹӹ̾ᶫȾָڵ۵һѣҪ׾٣
ҵĸӹïԶ
Ҷһһϴ˵˲ңҲˣǲ£Ҳ¡ҲãïԶҲգǼȻϴ󣬾Ҫ˶ۣ
һŽееԴռйҸӹΥ֤ݣǽܷɵСһսѾû˻䵱ǵıɡ
οϴĻ˵Զڷ֮ϣ
ڶռïԶΥΥ֤ݣֱʵٱ
ã
һ̡
ԵΪ׵ʮԺӵͬᶨ
һ졣
ط̩ɽ羳ǿƻɱһµ񻰡
ͬҲһ죬ʮԺӵٴξ룬ŽһҪһпԶõԴһ
ֻǸؼҳ걻ˡϴ󣬲ݣ


1051 δ֮
ҹĻ£С̩֡ũֵƻͨʦԱæĲֵֺϰЦ۾гһ𣬺һŮշ
ʮһƽѹũֺܾûôˡ
ũҶ͵ȴԺӵһӣǷӣ뽯һӣΪ֮ǰ鲻˳棬Ȼ¾ũСһᡣ
̫࣬ҾͲˡ
طȻŮڵİ֣˵ԼİţȻһ棬֮ǰܾˣȻǶѹѹ
壬ȥæɣｻˡ
Ȼ˰֣õʱƺطΪ塣
ϰߣҲطʶһַʽ
һμطʱطûйκӣΪ͵ͱӣ˿ȥǲɣ
شʦȥæɣû£ùҡж˵
š
طͷٶ˵ֱ뿪ᣬȻҶ͵ʮԺӵڵĴ󷿼䡣
ϴˣ

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ϴǾһϲɹɱǿУٴεѧ񻰣
Ҷȶһƣ˵ƵĻ
ϴ󣡡
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ѧǰЩ࣬ʱȲǣȺţٹ
طֱһƿոմ򿪵İ׾ƣżǸ
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ʼգطû˵лл
Ϊֵ֮ܽ䲻Ҫ˵лл
Ҷ͵ûнԸҺïԶļƻط硣
ΪǾֵ֮ܽĸεĬĬʾͺá
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ΨһͬǣҶ͵ַʽ׽ͼ塢ٵȽַʽ𾴡

һ̣ط翪ڣ塢ٵȽеһʱ俪ʺã뻮һ𾴡
塢ٵ˵ĻǸ𾴵ı飬һԵ겻ѡ
ʱȺۣһͳĵ磬ߺÿһλе룬ҲƶҰġǶûط粻ڽȴһ㡣
ֶԱ֮µĽȻطĿеĳĽӵԡ
һ㵽Ըⱻ˴ǣһҲҪ׷ˣ
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طĻ£塢ٵ˷׷׿ڣȥڹάĳ˵Ҳʵ
طδйһܣ
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˵ĹάطɫƽֽӹµݹľƱ

ԽΪĻĵ罭Ƿ׷׾ٱȻȿֺӣһǸо·Լˣط粻
ΪǶ֪طڻĵʱյݡλǶǸвǸоͳˣ
һƹطû˵ʲôµͬ뿪䡣
ʲôҪҶ˵𣿡߳ʾ
ԼӦ
ط˰֣±ʾ˰ٷ֮ٵΡ

ԣһȻгŸж
˲ɡ˲ãλ߶֪Щڣмˣ
طˣ
߷䣬һһһһ䡣
طǰڵķ䡣
ֵܣǲ飡
طֵܣٴε񻰣úúһ
طһţ䡢ӭһһҵؼסطĸ첲һ㲻úúȾͲҪߵļơ
䡢ԡӥҸҾƣȻȥǾƣԺٻǡطЦ˵
طĻЩԸɵŶûҿ
Ϊط粻Ϥ
ΪҪǣطȻͬѾǿԻɱһһʦĴˣԶǿᲢ۵ġ
ĳ˵ʵΪǣطǰ
ðɡ
䡢˲ԼͬصͷѧͷﶼΪطһսˣطȷӦùȥʾһĿ˵Ļ
οƻġҶյ˶ڸڣ
طֵܣұΪͻƻںСĲ࣬һͬǰձɱأȻһúøдһȴû뵽Խ˦ԽԶˡ
һ¶ǣӥ̲סڣһֱʵˣʲôҴš
ǸӥԭǴ㽫ǸɱģСȫֱŴҺͻֲӣȫֱϻɱˣط뵽ص飬ӥʾǸ⡣
޷Ҷԣֻһĥʯ
ӥҡҡͷȻط磬һһȻʵٶȿƱ̬һǻΪĿ꣬׷㲽ȡʸһս
ʱӭ
طЦŵͷȻ˴к뿪䡣
ԣƻġҶյڵķҪöࡣ
һ棬û͡ĸֻԾ֣ΪҪǣﶼǸšѧͷС֡
ѧδ֮Ǿˣ
طƿ֮󣬼޳Цվδ֮ط硪δѧΪǿʦ
޳һҲ׷׸
ƻҲ⣡
ȻطʵͻѧһУõǵϿɺͣǵд󲿷˶ΪطѾԺƽƽˡ
һû
Ҷ
ƻĵԱߣѧͷĴ׷ӭԼͽܣһ¶Цݡ
ЦݣͬĸŮɷʦԼѧͷأο뽾
һ̣ΪԼͽܶе
λǰлǽǰΪҼ
طæӿŲǰȭƻĵ˱ʾл̬ڵúܵͣʾ㹻ء
лҪþƵġ
޳ЦŽһƿƶط磬طšƿǣȸΪ
£طٴһδƿξƲʣƻĵҲ׷׺һ
ˣС磬ڱô£ΪʲôѪʵߺͣ
һ¶ǣʢʳеɻҲǳƻġҶաԲʦ޳֮⣬֪һ㡣
ڱǰ˻ҩҩﲻԸʡǱܣһܴ߻ҩԣڶʱս
طشûûҩʵûнѪԭ
̫ү̸غ棬ҲûԵɡ
Ǹ׺Զеĸءǿ󣬾ԻΪȫѧ֮۵̣


1052 Ӧúܿ죡
ڶ峿ڶߵ¶ԴʱطԻڻɱһϢѴ黪ȫѧ硢磬˾޴𶯣
ĵɽׯڶܴɽׯڳ峿˼ů
Ȼ
һů͵ĳ峿Ӣһȴܲ˿ů⣬෴Ǹܵһɴδйĺ⡣
죬һ¼ɹ
ĿһսԼ¶棬صѹ֣Ӣһ˻뿪ءǵĳ˵ŭ
Ǳܿŭָ𣬵ȴطı
ΪǷݵģָʾöͷʤ뿪˻
ʤȻˣҸӹĿܡ
ҵĺܶɫⶼʤиʤбץĻƱػǣܶ飬һ˲Ը⿴ġ
Ȼ
ˣȻľսĸоͷ·Ҫִһ㣬ֻŲصȴš
裬˵طǸ˵Ļᱨ𣿡
ɽׯܾС¹ϵڿ߶
͸ӳӣ˿ؿɫƣȦ죬ϲѪ˿ݡڡ
ص֮һҹû˯
ӢҲˣǵҲҲ緢еֻǿֻŲ
ûȾָЩɫ⣬ʲôӢ򶨵

ɫһ䣬ֹ
ӢΪ˱ȷûЩɫ⣬ûаŮ飬ɱŮһֶֻֻΪΣθƨɣȻϢؽˡ
ӢȨֻܼĴ򣬶ڶһ֪
ӢطǸ쵰·϶ŹǵģǻϾɱҪҪ취ּˣ
ЩסˣӢĸûвɫ⣬ǲˣҹҵǼŵķˡ³һ£еΡ
ּˣһڼɵ𣿡
ӢüһۣǸСҪĶ֣㸺𱳹ȥһʱ䣬취Ū

ȻµһӦ֮ߣӢ˵ڣûһ£ңССȻûвЩɫ⣬Ҳ۵ģѵҪǸȥ׼𣿡
Сʲô۵㣿
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ܣмɽׯ
һ̣Ӧıڿ첽Щŵػ㱨
ʲʲô
ȻڵĻӢ˾ԭأǸо·ʣôô
أ
ӦǵǴ̶ľ
ѵʣһХʻɽׯſڣȻڳʾ֤󣬺ƺƵʻɽׯͣɽׯſڡ
̾Ӹӳȴӳ£ȻһȺ£ƿţ˽ȥ
ǰ밲ȫŵĹԱϼָʾɽׯſڣֹطǰˡ
һ죬طǵĴڣڵشɽׯǵ棬ⶰｫһŵ̱ڵء
죬ְϼָʾǰץӣֽȻķ겻ѡ
֪ǣεĶֶֽɫܹġ
㡭Ǹʲô
³ʱŵɫףӢվʡ
ӢΥһˣ
ȫӢǵ˵óϼ쵼ǩĴ֤

ѲµɽׯԲʲô£ĻеĴ֤ŵûһ£̱ɳϡ
Ӣǳɵˣ
δҲҵĹ˾еκʵԵְ񣬴ӷɽǶ˵¹˾ΥӪҲ޹أ
ӳǹ˾ϷӪұϸطɣôܷأ֮࣬˿ĭΪԼ⡣
ǲǸˣҷʲôˣҶӷʲôˣ
Ƿ˵˲㣬ɻһУ߰ɣ
֤Ȼһӣץָʾ
ʵ㣡
̳̾ǹǰһ飬ȺӢ˿
УΪߵӢ뷴ǵĺգǽҵҪǷʲô
Ӣûһ֤ݣץǣһôѸ٣״ЦǵİʤѾˣ
ৣ
ٴĻɫӢҲɵˡ
ӺӢһںҵıͳͳϾ
ʮӺ󣬾һ̵·ڣһ˹˹Ӱ
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ΪɻҽԺƣطǰͬʱҲǴۼڶ̫Ŀˡ
棬ǸھҪҪһ£
˹˹ӰطһۿھӢһˣ濪ʵ
ͷȻ򿪳͸ĳؿǸĸס磬ǰҪȥС檵ĻˣӢһĺš
ţ
ͬʱӢ˲Ŀ⣬ʶؿ
һ̡
ؿ棬ҲǸǼƻԭҪȥꡣ
һ̣Ҳûеһʱ޿֣еֻǾǸоСޣɫҰֽ
һŵӢҲͬ˪һ㣬ˡ
Ҳû뵽ԼⱲӻ
࡭棬롭㿴ǸŮһķϣһ·
ֻŵͬʱˮ֮ץһžݣſڳϣ
δɥĲ񡢺޳֮ˣ
ԣȻŭֱеļƷ
࡭桭
С
Ϊ֪µΨлԭ£ſӹһ١
ô
ɫĮĬĬع˳
̱ھϵһγ˺ڵı顣
׸֮󣬵һθеڣ
Ϊ֣ԼĻǡѾ˼õһУŮһ仰Ҫ
ֻط磡
һ̡
Ʊ̵ƣ˹˹Ӱﳾȥ
ӢԨҡ
ƶб
ӦԶø죬Ҷط֣


1053 
̸ʤҹﱻץӢһ类ߣ
ŵӵʱϢ㴫ᣬ޴𶯡
ȺԺӵٴΪط֣
ĻʿһϢùעµ˲ò̾ȺԺӵŽһܹƿֲͬʱҲ̾طĺ֮ǿЩνĺź䱳
Ͼ̫ʱ򣬶δһ㡪춦ֲĳԱرĴȣıչŽһΪʲô
Ļطһ̳ʱ򣬺춦ֲҲͲΪһɢɳˡ
Ȼ
Ӣһ˱߶ԣ緢һڻӰ󡪡ͷ֮һïԶͼ첿Ŵߵ飡
ͬЩԺӵ֣֮һڼͼ첿ְĴԺӵʵٱ
ԺӵܵΪ丸׺ͱļðɣЩԺӵܽҪİôһһ丸׺ͼ峤ֵõһƬ
ȡů
ҶΪ׵ĴԺӵܽ׷ط磬ĸַӵ쾡£Ϊ˻һɼµдηѡ
һзͬʱطѲٹע£ǴȻ͸ոճԺɣ˳˶
˶
һ棬Ҫ˵İӣһ棬ǻʦûΪŵ°ͼ
µطûб̬ͬũʱһԼ
طһ˵ִﶫ֮ȻǰۼŲμӰۼŵ¶ᣬɴδ޻ؼңֻʣطˡ
棬е֤ݣпҪ̣Ѫ֮Ļһ
طŤͷЩ棬˵
شʦ˾ͲӦûϣ˵
Ļܵ¶ĺ⣬ط˵ͷ
ܹ顣
ӵ˳֪ŮϣûϣҪȥС檡
һУ˺޷ģȻԸͷ
شʦȻһֱ֮䲻˵ллһϵض˵лл
˵䣬ϵĺ˲ɢȡ֮ŨŨĸм
Դʶط֮طѾܶܶ࣬θðΣȥ
ˡ
طЦһȻתƻʵˣ棬ǱӦû⣬뵱˦ƹĻͷȨȥɣ
ãشʦҾרˡһʱͷ
ԣһʼ̤뽭ȫΪ˼̳иµĲҵȻ߾ȫȥػ
ʶط磬źͰۼˣ֮Ǵۼȫֳ޵磬λ޷˳
³֣ұʺϡƶ硣
һ£ȻԸ˳
ţר䣬شһ£պ÷⣬ҽᵽȻСҲиӦȿ໥߶Ҳ԰бǵİȫط
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ٴεͷҲӿֳ˼Цݡ
ԣ߳ط硢Ȼ֮⣬ûѣȻԸڶط˵Ȼ໥߶ҿԾط硣
ԣ֮õ飡
Ϊ˾ʵҪһ˳㴫һŹطٴοڣ˵ԼĴ㡣
£ش𣬱ӻͳӺڰ֮˶õĺɫƿӣһŻҩ
شʦǣ
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ǻҩ߷úԸʡǱôܶࡣط͡
ءشʦ̫ˣҲҪԼðɣ
طĻӡ֤Ĳ²⣬Ǽͻϲȫıǵһʱܾˡ
һСطЦЦ
ҲҪͷҡͬ˹һʵ̫ˣ
棬Ҹûҩ㾡ʵһץͿԱˡǿܹ֮ȷȻǵİȫ⣬ȷûҩһ£ȷһûκҽҪȻǷáԣͲҪܾˡ
˵䣬طֱӽǿŻҩС
ðɣشʦġ
˼ӣѡ¡
ΪϣطƿطðΣȥ
ղײգɣȲҪŻغڶҼҾƵס£ѻҩˣȻҴĹҩΪ㻤ⷢط˵
شʦһġ
ٴεͷһֱǶطΨǴӣղŲӻҩطԼá
Сʱط˹Ƶ꣬һͳ׷
棬ûҩų۹˴·û˯ۡ
Ƶ֮ط뵽ԼûҩΣֿѵ
水ط˵ԡѵԼ·˯£ȵĺͰļȫ¶ڿУɢεջط綼΢΢һ
棬עȻѧϰźȻѧ֮󣬷ûҩٴ߶ҩط綨˶һ˵ʦڴڵӡ
õģشʦ
浱񣬼ע
طĽ̵£濪ʼغķʽк
ˣźÿϰ侫ãڷûҩɡ
ۿ˺طٴο˵
á
ӦһֱӰطǰ˵ҩУ飬£Ȼʼתغ

߶غҩЧܿ췢һɿµθӿӿÿһ䡣
ǹȡʹĸоĽݺһ鲻Խصһ
ꡣ


1054 治
ԭط翴Žߵ˽ЩѪڡĵ־ᶨҲ΢΢һ
ͬʱԭר־߶غջҩҩ棬ҲܵԼһӰ죬ৡһ±ͨ졣
ר˹ҩԡ
ط״һ䣬Ȼ뿪
ùҩջҩĹлжôʹ࣬ҲǱĥȥ̲סƺ˺üΡ
һʼ̲סǺĻֱ
һ£Ǿԣֱһĥ
ΪҪǣߵĻһӰҩԣпܵ߻ħϣһ书ϡ
Ҳԭ򡪡ҪΣʱ򣬰תҩԣȷһʧ
ط뿪ٴ񣬰طڵغҩԡ
ͬʱİԼһҪͰղûءҡˡ
Ȼ
͹˻ҩҩǶôԵ߶غ˺޸ļ·ȫܹܵģ
Ŷ

໣
ͬطжϵһ˲Сʱ׷ٴĽɵ͵ߣҳϡ
֮£طֻϥɳϣ۹۱ǡǹģȻͬ߶غڤ룬ѧ
ò˵غǺĴڣܹܿʹľֹˮѪȴǷ糱
һߣطŽһֻ䣬һߣڵҩԳ׷˺ѵľʹк޸гɱӣĽԽԽ˹ƵǽڸЧѣҲøڷһ
꣬жˬг
ڷһˣϵؽ˿һСʱ̼˽һСʱ˶ˡ
գ޷ĥֻ΢źһΧģء
СʱǸΧģظϵ˸ڵĽЦŵϰ壬㲻ǱӰ˰ɣ
ٷϻѣ
Ȳ
ӺܴͷߣΧģЦȴЦ
߰ɣ
ֱӸΧģأȻȥԡҳ衣
˳裬ԡ滹ڽУֻһֻХ
󣬽һЩ׼˯ûãٴ𣬱֮ǰΪң
˶ʱ˯ȫޣų֧̣Ȼ޿̣߳䣬ͳ׷ķš
ͳ׷طȻڴ߶غڤ룬ǷĹעĶ˿ɳߵǰ˷š

ԭһӻ뷢ط磬һ
໡໡໣
ʹܵĽﴫ
Сֵܣʲô
ӿֳŭ⣬ô۸˵
ۡ
˵Ļ˵ŭ⣬طѵ۲ǲҪʵ̫ʹˣǶ˴ţǸ⡣

ֺˣתߡ
Ϊࡪ۾Ϳ޼ɵشˣ۾ӲһСʱȻ˸Χģأʮһ£Ȼζ
طţʹĽҲǷ
ΪûҩûиӰĻҪѩ㡢Ȼ˷á
ҲζţñػĥöΣ
ˡ
ط߶ѩ˵ʱֻ

طóֻһȻѩ㷢ƵӦѩ㣬Ȼص֮ҪƵġ֮Ⱥѩ骷Ϣ˽
УΪڹ̫æ֪Ϣ̩ɽѾˣѩǼطʤûѡعս
뵽Ƶ飬طֻÿ첽ߵſڡ
һ̡
ؿϥڴϣϵ·Ѳɣֻʣһװɫ¡ڿ㣬ԭѩ׵ļЩ죬մ˺ˮһЩ۹
һĻط֪ڵҩԳЧˣ㽫ҵŹˣȻ󵽻ҽͨƵ
ɽ˵õĸƵأ
ƵͨѩǾճƵУü΢һ㲻Ҫ˵̾Ĳļơ

һ̣طػĽͻȻ˼ֱطڻŹܵʵʵȻһشֻͲ
ˣ
Ȼһ߰Ľطͷһһ㽫ֻˤ˳ȥ
ȻƵѩЦЦضط磺ɽûҷƵԭ찡
棬ǹ죬ڴ̺ʹ࣬ƲסҪС
֪ΪΣѩЦЦı飬طʵʵ˵ȽϺá
УҳϣѩȻЦ
㿴ɡ
ط˵ţҪ
ʲô
ѩطһۣһܻĻɣ
ллѹկ˵Ρ
طԣůģŸж
ԭҴعһˣɼǱһ˵Ļ飬ƲҾʱȥˡѩЦת˻⡣
á
طͷȴҪȥһ
Ϊѩա
Ӧѩ㣬Ҫһա
ѩûᣬҲûиѩ˵
ѩһϲȴû뵽ľϲ


1055 д
ŷޣĳһϵĳǱľ
ǺڰһҪľݵ㡣
Ű¹˹չ֮ﱻ˺ڰʱָ
һʼɺڰĶ÷帺֯ת˶֮Ҳʼߺ͹ͨش鶼Ű졣
طһĵڶ죬˶÷ٴͷˡ
˶ԷˣǸĺû
ǱĴ÷һѿħͼϣ΢Цų˶˵
ԭ˶ɽׯطˣƲᣬ֮չˡ
Ȼ
֪طҪһһսҵ֪һʵȺڰĳ֮޷ˣʶѯһսĽ
ΪطһУ
һĻ޷Ȱ¹˹֮׽ط磬طõΪǳءǿĹˣ
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÷Ļط֮ǵ˶ȴһ΢ЦǸо·һϲ¡
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÷̲ס̾սڵʵɱһսߣһεȫѧ񻰡
һжΪصĹ׹ԷӳԶԶʵս
˶иӻˣ·޲Ҫõұõ׹ֻҪҵõ׹һΪýǸ̨ľǣҸҲΪ׹ʵɹ񾳣ҳΪеףʱлҩŵƣڰὫ磡
׹ô÷һЩԾ
÷壬׹ĻһǸĺôܿ羳ɱʵ൱Ǻĳϵأ˶ʡ
Ҳǡ
÷˼ͷȻЩѵǻĳµعǸܴˣ
˵Ӧòܣеõġ
˶ҡҡͷ˵ԼĿҪˣļڻǶôҪѹһЩǺ׵ġ
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÷ٴεͷϿ˶Ļ˶ĿҲ͡
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˶ᣬֵ죬ıҲ֮ͬڶ⣬˫ȫպ̳а¹˹²¹˹ƶڰĻԲκ⣡
ĺӣϧúûţҺڴ´μ棡
˶һЦȻһΣֱӴӴʧȥչˡ
÷Ҳ뿪˴
ҪȥߴƻҩĽˣҪڰ¹˹غȻƾҩúڰƾҩδĸִгΪף

ͬʱ
ɼܲɽׯ
1űΪƶߵ׺һɫװ鷿ϡ
һװɫºͺɫƤЬ꣬վǰΪ׺ˮݲ裬ȶרҵ
׺ĶӣҲ̫ү
ˣ뻪ûʲô𣬵ϰߡ˼ȵȶƫ
һ㣬װܿ
һſʵ޳ģʳȺѧʶԨһ˵ݻԾᣬΪϵ꣡
֣弸ζ˵طɣÿһλĶط磬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һݸ׺ЩɻҼǵúǰжϱһ˵һ׼Ѳɺʹˣ뻪ѧʱˣϢղǰˣ
Ҳܹ壬طСֱһ̥һһ⡣
׺˿ڲ裬ҡҡͷ˵һΣ壬Ҵһ£ȫûпСܹʤӲٴε˴˵
Ӧؽɱҡ֮УɳѾ㹻вǳ˾޴ʧ
׺Ļ̲סüͷȻǵʱڻľͺˣŪ
ǰһʱɳˣûϵվҪġ
׺ͷȻ²豭ȥæɣȥһ壬˵һ¡
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ͷ˳鷿
׺뿪Ȼڱڵͬ£ֱ˺Եı
ƶƳСʻ괬ҲһߵڶӰ档
Ӻ׺ԵıԴӱչоѡ
Сˣ
żɽʡ
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׺ҡҡͷ̾˿ǸһɱˣӲ
Ŷ⣬Ȼʵͻƻˣ
ݻǱߴϢǻڡΪһ㣬ȫѧ綼ˣ׺˵ࡣ
ৣ
ٴ׺ĻԵͫ׶ȻŴüĿ֮ӿֳһĨ޷εľȡ
ò˵ǸСѧ츳ĺܾˣҳɳٶ̫ˡڶ࣬ڰѾԤԴǶһ
Եľȣ׺̲ס̾
õȺڰˣƻָһЩȥɱˣɱһ
ԣǣ׺һ
ȻܹɱһɱƻҲ޻˵˵ǸСɳȥˡ˲翿ǲܽϣںڰϡ
ۣɱȻοСĸͽܣұƻĻˣݻǻġֲ˳𲻹죬Ӧֽɱ


1056 
һ󣬵ҹĻٴνٵʱ޺ƵĹâӳŶ̲ŶĹʻӭµҹٴչʾѤʵҹ
̲¥Ⱥ֮У26˹Ƶ㲻ϺȺƹ貣վͳ׷Խ̲ҹ۵ס
ৣ
˹Ƶͳ׷͵˫ۣɢŰ۷Ϣ
ƾҩõ˸죬Ǳһͻ˰۷壬ʦֻһ֮ң
̥ǵı仯ӿȵھظܵԼʵȰڶԣǿ̫࣡
Ҳطӳݡ
ԽԽѣÿһСĲԽ
밵۷֮Ĳ඼ô󣬺ο뻯ڣ
طԻڣ羳ɱڶһ
ۼ֤һս˿̸ܵʵĶԱȺͲ࣬ҲȻò˼顣
ҩﻹ档
Լı仯̲ס̾ҩǿȻʵϲлع񣬶ʱŵ˳ζͷһԼմ˺۹Ǵéһ㡣
֣ɫһ䣬ȻסѸٴ򿪴Ȼһֱӳԡ
ϴͷĨԡ¶ϴɾŸоԼϵζСһЩ
ҩߵĸ̫ˣȻܹųô۹
󣬵泹ϴɾζȻûɵջҩҩʱǷ˺ȫʹһС
У鲻ԽؽʮСʱɤӶЩɳˡ
뵽ԼڱҩĹУһôãҶطˣৡһ±ͨ죬Ҳ̲ס΢΢һһֻȵĴִϷ鲻Խٴνг
һΣסˣԺطģطͬʩħһ㣬֣ǲĳֻһ㣬鲻Խر˫ۣȻԺֳĳٶ˵Ļ档
ҩǡڼ壬ڸڴԼؼĳǿҡ

ĽˮĳˢһִδгԺһƮƮɵĸо
ҡڸʲô
㼸֮󣬵ִ̼˺ȻѣȻͬĺһ㣬Ҳǹ̵ˡ
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ĳųġȫΣаǰʮǸѧ֯صյҰһЩңϽطģ
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֮⣬ŦԼϣӭµһ졣
δŵѩ㣬ӵĸصĵ绰
ѩ㣬æ𣿡
绰ͨȿڣѯѩæС
ѩ㡱̽һȫ̽¹󡱣ܶ˶ѩЩͷȴ֪ѩܹߵһļ
˲֪ΪĸףȴԼŮæòֺܶδ绰ѩ㶼˵Ҷϣæ˲Ÿعȥ
ˣҲѧˣÿε绰֮ͨѩ㣬ѩæĻֱӹҶϵ绰
裬᲻æ˵ܿ죬ѩ
ѩ㣬Ͼˣôģྩȥط磿
ؿżɽʵȴףԼŮҪȥط硣
Ȼ
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Ϊ̫ˣϵصµ񻰣ұŬУôһأ
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Ѿͷ۰
ͷһΪĸף˭ϣԼŮȥһˣ
裬ʵЩء
ѩ˵ţžϺ¶˳飬ҲشżίΪҺطҹһأҲ֪


1057 ֻ·
Ϊƶ׺Ķӣʵ̫үڲԺգλ丸׺Ͱڵļλϡ
һ㣬ܹܲɼɽׯӵԼĶԿ
ı9űԢΪ̳׺²Զشȥò˥
ڲ丸׺ͼλڣ˶ϿΪһļ̳ߣպûκ
Ȼ׿̸Ҫ׺ΨһĶӣӵһλԺյӡ
ջ飬ǻҵ顣
ϸ۵һ壬ս֮󣬾ټҰǨΪᣬ丸׻Ӣ˵ģڻӵоĵλͬʱ᳤̻
ңǻӢˣôֿ϶Ҫȥġ
ΪϵҶڻָ̻ơ
̻ỻ黹ʱ򣬻һ᳤᳤ѡԼɷ
㱻ڶΪһ컪᳤̻Ұ˵ٵһ᳤´λʱȥ
鷿ɳϣŶȣƯϳţһʢ˵ĸо
ǻҴģҲ׼ϱݴġ
Ҳ֪ʿأ
Ҷ᳤ȤҲҪͷԼ
һƽ̫ү㹻ԺˣС
˵һͷǺõġοҰֵ˼ѲҪһƬ⣿Цŵ
ǵ͵ĺ˴˶͡ء
ţүӰš
ЦŵͷȻĿδӻ᳤᳤ɨȻһϤ֡ѩ㡣
ҾֲӦóϡ
ѩ֣ͫ΢΢ȻżֲмʣѩϻһX
˵ѩɣ
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ԵĻһ뵱ʶһط磬ǲ˵еô
һҧгݡ
ط磬ǰڣ˵ʹجΣ

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ī簲ȫŴ¥
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ī簲ȫŵĸµı棬Ǳȵβ͵èһ㣬ʱըëˣطôΣյļһҪǹңǾȻǻ㱨
ǵģ٣ҲΪһȺ׳գݽعһ˵ȴֿ˻
֪ԼΪϽĹ̬ȣϸ˽ī⼮ԱطҪ飬Һܿͻְ
ģҪͳ㱨飬ȻúղŵĸȥɳĮڽӣ
ī簲ȫŵĸߵȻݺһѩѣָֻ˼ǣȻ֮ǰǱƵش顣֪ͨȥ鱨ŵĹԱ̵黪طīĿġҪڷɻִ֮ǰ֪һ㣡
⣬֪ͨǿعСȫԱ̸ϵԭش
٣ҽͬʱ߾ˣҲˡϾǸطĻֻƾǵ˿϶סع
Ϊ;ˣסǸΣյļһԸϵ۱ӣֻ·ԻΪҵجΣ
ī簲ȫŵĸһ˵ţȻݺݵѩѣȻбҪ֪ͨǡһĻ飬һеΣô
ǣ٣
عһʱȻ˳ȥ
ʮСʱ֮һ졢սԱعīǻü٣ѻ־мʮռ˸Ƹߵ㡣
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ʮһСʱīعŵԴ£طǼܷɻ׼ʱؽīǻָͣλҲǰΧȦġ
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֮⣬زԼʮܾѻǹ
û˿Ľźη壬ǽĿͶ˷ɻ·һֵİˡ
طһƽģطĿɨֵİ˸еһ󲻰Ǿֱӭ
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ŷֵϣų˿Ķ˷ܵЦݣͬʱΪڹȫŵĸͬ顣
ɱҪȥ


1058 ϵ۵ĳ
̻׼ģȫ˵ķӮ֯
ּ̻ΪȫĻṩά̵Ȩ棬ƽ̨Ŧãٽó׹ϵķչҵ֮Ľ
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ΪһУ˻عطΪŦԼϵɼμΪȦҪĻ飡
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ৡ
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УʿǵĿгžޣȾѩòʣѩ̽ȡõĳɼͶʶ˸߶Ļ㱨ϹʽڹͷδҶӷƵĹ˾еǳھѻս97˹ջѻȫ֮һ䰸Ϊ˺ܶڽϵıؽ
һУΪ̽һȫ̽Ů¹
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ӽ᳡ܹʮλ»Ա˽̸̸࣬ÿ˵϶¶ЦݡǾѩ㽻̸һǳõ顣
˵ѩδ˰ڵĺܶôԺö˶˵أ˵㲻ȥҲӦùػİ
᳡һ䣬һɫŮӣһԹضѩ㣬Եһ˵
ݣһˣݹӰ඼ףƾ֧֣һӰŮţΪݼΪʷõŮ䣬һƬ
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ͬʱһ߽ĿͶѾѩ㣬һ˽ϷʵЦݣڴǸо·ѾȲҪһСݳ

ͬʱ
һͨɼĸϷɳۡ
ջ̻Ļ鰲ţӻͽˣȫü
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Ϊ˸ѩһϲûиѩԼϢ
һ̡
ѩ㲻֪ܶ˵Ҳ֪ط缴ִɼ


1059 ѡ
ʮֵʱ򣬻̻ܲ¥ıҵԻ᳤̻Ϊ׵̻߲᳡ֱϯ̨
ҼӢҲУǻ̻ĹίԱϯ᳤
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1060 ΪΪЦ
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ʱԶĻҲˣС˵־һ㣬ϷʵؿѩϾ˼ҿǱΪ̽һأΪȫ̽Ů¹ƣôߴϵ۰

һڣٴһȻһѩ㱻ܿɲֵĹϵ
飬⻰ԣǻģʲô
·Ϊӡ֤˵Ĳ²һ㣬ЦŽӵ˿ƾʵõЩȻҲƾʵѡ¾ֵģ
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ѩóֻһȻһ΢Ϣѹկˣɼmelissa㡣

ȻϢѩһžųһ˵Цݡ
Ϊ˶ñֶ̻߳ᶭ¾֣ȡЦеŭڡʹʱǸԸȥˡ
ðΣգܲڵΪ
һУЦ۾ǰˮ·ʱ޳
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ѩı仯ԶͻȻٴοڣܴһ
ԭҴСôĴֻһѡѣȻܲסڿˣţ
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תΪ׵̻ᶭ¾ֳԱѩⱲ¡һ̻ᡣڶΪ˲μĻ飬İĻᡣ
ѩûݣǽݵĻ˹У߸ղŰο˵ѩ㽫̻һԱ

Ȼѩⷬ顢ݡˣˣԭء
ѩ㲻ٷϻͷͦأ뿪
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Цгһֶ
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1061 һ
ɼλϲڶУҲĳУΪʹ֮ǡĺ͸ȸɽׯ
һĳвȱٺǼƵ͸ߵ
melissa֮һ
Ծζķ˺͸ߵίGayotίΪ40ǿ2003һֱZagatֵһɼʮ󶥼֮һ
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ҹĻ£melissa˵ƹ⣬šľϢ
һطڲԣȴѩĵԷһɫ㡣
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һĺɫħĽع˳һ˫ɫϸ߸Ǹ߹󡢴ʡ
ӵطϢ֮صطԼڱȸɽׯıʰһ
ĳ֣ҹһ⣬һ˼亱˲˲ԱͿǵĿ⡣
ǵĿгžޡ
طҲ⡣
ŮʿԤ𣿡
޵ĵԱܿع΢΢ǷЦʵ
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ѹկˣտ֡
󣬾͵ѩߵǰط΢Цվϵĺɫ㣬ݵѩǰ
һθѩա
Ҳһθѩͻ
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ѩжؽӹɫ㣬ͷһʻķ㣬
һУʻŵϣһǰ˫ֱӹסطĲӣ촽طȥ

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ֱѩԼҪڻҪϢʱطֹͣԵǿƵһǡ
촽ֿȴȻţѩǲһֻĴײС¹һ㣬ˡͣžһƬ糺죬ˮģ·Ҫγˮһ㡣
ط粻ͣͬѵˮһ㣬ѩϴȻһ·ϣǼ⣬üͣ˶ͷһǡ
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1062 ҲŮˣ⣡
ľǼ̱Եø˲òĵԱͿٴνĿͶطѩڵӡ
Ҳʶ㡣
ѩüݣ
ļУԼǰݲûκνֻǼ档
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ѩ㣬ﲻʹԣҪ˵ʲôⶨĻЦ˵ġ
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ѩȫݣط˵Լжϣû´ĻӦΪҿˤڵصǱӶǺҡ

Ȼѩἰڴ飬Ǳȵβ͵èƵģʱըëˣٴָѩ㣬
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סݵĲӣӥץСһ޷ڣ
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֣Ϊظܵǰ¶ıϢǰˣͷ·һɷͷƤĸо

ͬʱǲĵԱǿˣվԵĻסˡ
Ƕûпطγֵģһܹͬܵطǹɱ䡢ΣյϢ
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Ҿѩδ򡣡طޱؿһۻ˻Ļ

ٴξԭأԲ۾Ŵͣϳžһֵĵܣվһ
ֻؿط磬Ǹо·ʣط磿طôɼ
ô
ŵֹͣ˲۾ɵ󣬿־ıȫռ˵ӣ
Ϊ˵ѩδһմѪĴɱ
ط˵Լѩδ
ζʲô
ζţطпĲӣȥү̽
ô
𡭡Ҫ
ʱľŵظ˹ͼȰ˵طסֱ֣ӱط㿪ڴϡ
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طɫƽؿŲһһŮһ蹷һҵδ£Ӱ쵽ҵ飬Ҳ˲ﰲòͻӰ쵽ò͵ĿˣԣҪȥ
£ط粻ȲٴοڣҲȻع񣬵ݣ󲽲ſȥ
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һ
ʮطűŵýϵݣſڣȻƿš
ৣ
һ̡
Ŀ֮£Ƕһݶ˲


1063 ҽط磬Իģ

ҹĻ£һдmelissaſڵİ
ݵӱط˦ɣڿйճһ׼ߣȻѸ׹䡣
Ǳ˶˵һ㣬гſ־壬˫ʶڿץţͼֹ衢䣬ͬʱֵش
ͨ
꣡
һ̣ȡݵĲҽУͬʱ
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˶ؿط磬û˵һƬ
УĵԱЩˣطĿȾη
ηΪط̬֮ǿƺͳ֮Ѹ͡˵ɾ͸ɣ
Ϊÿһ˶һűԼŮ˵ģֻѪˣŻԼŮܵί˺ʱͦΪͷ
طȥֱϳžǴһ㣬ܿƵض£Ǹо·طԸһ֡
νʲôʲô
ܿ죬ڻֻŲע£طߵǰһһˡ
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ͬʱҲЩģôһ֣طϢƱػᴫʱͰȫţ֯ͺֵпط鷳
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һƣطȻؿȻ鷭ڵأ

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һĻǲԱǿˣٴɵˡ
Ҳû뵽֮طɻǿƳ֣һƽķڵأ
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ৡ
ط仰һڣټĲѩ֮⣬ڣ˵ɫ˲䣡
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طٴοڣֱӴĻӹɣʾĳ٣ֱʾĸˡعŸ˻ľͷ


1064 Ҫط磡
Ĳطٴ𣬸

طĻطģǲĵԱǽò͵Ŀˣһɵˡ
ʵ޷طҪǿ󵽺ֵزſڱǹ׼ǰ£ֵ򶨣
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̲֮࣬סаԼ
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ǵݺĽײ㣬޷ӴһУҲ޷ףȫΣаζʲô
Ǹ޷֪ǰطִīǵʱֱӾīİţīī羯عٴУɳرΧ
ط磬ʵκһҵİͷţݵλȫ밲ŵĸƽȶԻһЩСԪƽȶԻ
ˣīعŵĸ˵֪طֻ·ôط籣֤ī糩ͨ裿
ſڣһαסˡ
ղţط統˵棬Ƕһļٱˤϡ࣬Ƿݶѩĺֱط磬ʶһʱ绰þԸط磡
ΪᣬǺһɵĹң
ʱ˿̣ˣطȴҪֱ˶Ի
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Ȼ֪طֵ죬鵱ͷŴУطôţ棬Ҳø׳Ƴ
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ΪǿΪȫΣаΣֻҪԸ⣬ɱ˾ǳԷˮһ⣡
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Ǹ٣ҲӦôһǳҪ㱨ſڵѲ˵
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Ѳߵʱӵڱƣmelissa˴ˡǵһʱϵmelissaܺߣҿ֡
˵Ѳͣһ£Щηؿطһۣż㱨ǻط硭
ۡ
绰ͷڽӵ绰ʱ򣬺ʿؾٱһںƣ˿µĻֱӽδʽĺ˳ӶǣҲ˶Ůһ
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Ůһ𾪣Ȼŭվž
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һ̣Ⱦ˵ʲôŮһȻǰĺƽ˾һŤŷ뿪

ԽŮɵľٶûзҲûͬͬĻȻʵôܸ

ſڣѲһ±ơ
һ̣һ䣺ңȥ˭
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ҲףԼ²֪һ㣬⡣
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ͷһ£´һҪط磡


1065 ǿ
ͷָʾѲڷŭͬʱҲһ
һ棬ǾΪϱط̤ˣһ棬ǾԲΪ˺νϡҫط綯֡ϻͷϰë
Իĵطڸղţǵݳ˾͹ȫͬδŵһС
Ѳֱߵطԣתϼָʾ

ѲĻǲĵԱͿˣǻˣһαˣ
ǵɴ۾һؿط磬ȫһͷռݣǸǿﶼԸ
лл
طԣվ΢Цŵл
ѲһͷߡǴһƣһô
һһ֮롣
͵Ѳ׼ת뿪ʱطٴο˵
ʲô
Ϊ˲ӰҺδԼò͵飬뽫Ǵߡط˵ţȺָָݡ

ٴطĻ˲˹ȥ
Ҫ֪ڸղţǱطˣƲᣡ
񣬾ǵûץط磬ط練þ콫Ǵߣ
á
ѲǿŸطһȭĳ嶯ӲͷƤӦȻתһ۵ɵĻſڵݣǸǻؾһˣҪ˽Ϊϸ

۾ɵùԲе㻳⻹Ϥô
һ̣ǻȻˣڲǰǻָֺѩ˵Ρ
һֻ̣һͷХ
󣬲ȻӻлعѲһѽͬʱ񾯸Ǹһǲ
һУקشŻ뿪ſѲҲһݴ˳ȥ
һĻЩձԥǷҲҪ뿪
Ͼǿطʵ̫аҲ̫Σˣ
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1066 ޾
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1068 һӲȭˣ
ΪʱԵʣɼϾŵʱྩӭµһ졣
ĵɽ֯ܲ԰԰峿˼ů԰ＸӰԵʮ壬԰͸©һɪĸо
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1069 赶ɱˣǰף
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1070 Ѿܾˣ
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ᡣعܸɴҡҡͷ
Ϊʲôعʡ
ֱ
عʵ˵ðع˸ۡ
ΪھֵعǶǾϸѡģҪܸߣа߼жع˵ֱжϣⲻǳô

ع״Цһˣ˵ġ֮ΪΪҾãȻɼ֮ǰʮֵڲòͣǱѹ֡
е
عԣͬصͷ
һ۷ʲôֻҪͷָʾѡϷͺˡعһɵ˵
ԭ׷طֻܿţֱ̫ˡ
š
عҲͬ飬Ȼ̲סʵôΪ˭Ӯأط绹ĺԣ
ԡʵҪǿö࣬طõͷˡϵ۲Զһˣع˵
ǵ뷨˵һ¡
ع΢΢һЦȻĿͶͨ19űĵ·ȴźԵĵ
ڣͬڵȺԡ
УΪۼ֤ԻɱطһĻûȥҽԺֻ˼򵥸ϴһ˿ڣɴ˿ڽ˰
˿̣ʹ۵ֱҲЩ̲꣬סʵʦжܵ
үݶλүĳﲻˣܿͻᵽˡһĳԱػ㱨
£ŻѪģ̾޵ʵ̫ˡԸǿʹð̻ݵķգҲҪۼ֤ط类ɱ
ģһȺʦǸɱ֮ǽʬߣҪȫõĵʦĹͷһƷҵ鷿ͣ
˫ͨ죬˸Ũҵĺɱ⡣
ԵĻֽط
ǣ٣
ԱһʱӦ
ǺͻһٲȻѾط統һʬ塣
طɱԡ
ڵģ
Ӻعͻ˵ĵȴע£һ˹˹Ӱٳ19űʻֱӴ˸Զе
ˣ
һĻعͻѸٴ˾񣬻ֱ
ˣ
¥ѩҲ
طȻϥͬɮ붨һ·ѹûƵġ
ȡ
ܿ죬Ȼֹ̥Ħȡ
ҹĻ£˹˹Ӱͣ19űſڣűš
С
һɫװĺ£Ŀ絶һɨڣͳը죬ʡ
ৣ
طȻ˫ۣоⱬ䣬촽ڵȵΪʦһô
£վسȥǸоȥɱˣ
ৡ
ط߳ʱ˲˰˵Ŀ⡣
Ȼûӣ
ط磬عǻ˶ӡ֤Լжϣл˸ЦѣǸоѾȲ뿴Խطˣ
СֻǻڣȴҴҡڵɼҿƮˣ
ſڣԲطֻǻڣЦҲãսʡܵȥɱ㣡
ϹҸ㣬Ѿܾˣô
طһߣһ˹ػӦ
ҹĻ¡
󣬵ԺԵ˶ԣȴͬ


1071 գݣ
ҹطشÿһ˵ĶС
ҹĻ£ǻЩԱھֵعȫסˡ
ͬʩħһ㣬һɬؿطһֻһɻţ
ȻǶ֮ˣΪݵԭ򣬶ѧ֪ʶ˽ģ֪ͻҲ֪ÿһʵݡλ𶼺ܴ
Ǻţĵ̣뻯۷ܾãȫ֪Ļ۷ʦ
ط磬պԸղ˵ֻǻڡ
С磬֮ͬ
һ£طȴ˵ԼڹȺԡ
⡭ǵ𺳿֪
Ƕˣοԣ
㡭˵ʲô
ͫ˲Ŵضط磬ϳ𾪡
һ̣ԼĶ⡣
һڵ߲޾ԼɱƹڵԼ
ͬһֻƸ߸ϵľ
ӵִɼ֮Ҿڵ㣬ñԤеҪһЩ
طٴοڣͱ鶼ƽںԵ˶Уȴǿ

ſڣЦˣ֪ǳЦŭЦһֿ˵Ŀ⿴ط磬ڵɱô
أ
ط練ʣͣ½ŲȻغͬһ㣬ʱʱɱѪ˲ڡ
һ̣ͬɽ緢һ㣬Ȼٶȼ죬·ֹ
˲䣬ƱһأҲ˾޴ѪʢѪҺ֮䷢
ͻ˻ڣ
ԭûҩ֮һ֮ǰһ㣬ͨʵ粻ȣʶصѹһʱ䣬ֱ˿ԺԣŽͻƣ
ţ
ͻı仯úһ۾
ܹزطͻ˻ڣطڷ֮еЩɻ
ʲô
ѵѧҪͻô
ͬʱԱԼع³ҸܵطƱ仯һµʲôȴҿ϶
ǡԭһĹԭͻƻڣԸĿŵܵɼ
ȻɻطΪλᴫûж룬ٴοڣ٬мɱһ㳹ˣΪͻƻڣһսǲ֪
ϹǿͱĻҵȷ㡣
طЦһŭԡ
ıƻ֮һ
ϸ˵ִɼʵʩƻˡͺԣ֮󣬵ȺȫԼʱͻƻڣú۵ΪԼĵơ
£ط粻ͣش߶ڲĻҩҩٴαǿѪӵʢڵӵһȼյգ
սӵˣսӵˡ
һ㣬ԵԼǿĵˣԼǿʵеĵȥɱ

Ȼط仰׼ŭ˺ԣֻһŭ磬ֱӳطɱ
ɲǼ䣬嵽ǰֻӳ˳һĳš
飡
촫̵űǿھֱķѣط硣
ৣ
طһŶƬҿա
飡
ѵ
ѳɼڵţ˱еǽϣǽҵѿĽеڴϣ˲Ƭһء
˻
ŶѻбһĻǻԱعǾõһ
ҹĻ£ǵɴ۾˼ؿһĻǸо·ʣǻ۷ʦʵô
ৣ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģŻбͬʱͬһֻͻ˲˵طǰֻӳצ״绢צһ㣬ץطš
ӷ硣
Σ
һ֣㶯áȭ֮ٶȺƵĻΡ
Ҫսپһɱط磬йͷ֮ޣ
Σ⡣
Ϊţѽȭ似ĵزΣͻ֮⣬磬Ʋɵ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ըѣŰһɨط硣
һץȻδáȭɱУʵͶԺȭãȫѧ绯ڵѧʦܹ
ǻ۷ʦҲҪâ
ط˫۴ʹ޷
ͬʱվԭأһ·𱻺һץסˡ

һȣЦ·Ѿط类ԼһץץԴĻ档
Ȼ
ʱ
ط綯ˣ
ֱȻȭХĺԣ
ҹĻ£ֱһĴǹȭͷΪǹͷһǹâƥƱҪ˻ɱ
ȭӣطڵھ̵ͬĺˮкӿȭ֮ϣھС
ǹʽ
죡
֮ǰԵе˲ͬΪ۷ʦȫ֪ǿߵĺԣط粻һʱͻ˻ڣҴ߶˻ҩҩԣսᵽ£һ㶯ɱ죡
һȭر
ɱ֮⡣
һȭ޵С
ط־
һ̣طںһĸ߰ս⡢ɱںһγ˿µȭ⡣
ȭؽ֣·ڸߺԡӵĺǣ㲻һȭ
ţ
֪⣬ǸܵһȭףԵͫ׶ȻһѾˣֻԺȭεĻצӭ
طӦУɱС졯ݿ࣬Ʋɵ
գֵΣ
ݣ


1072 Ϊһʹ
ȫֱʼ֮ǰֵޡձҰһͬǰ޻ɱط磬ƻĳ֣һݿؽ˴ˡ
һս˳֮⣬Ҳءھв̶ͬȵ
УӰھתʵӰܴ
񣬾ȫֱѹȥ£ԵδȫָǾƻأֻܶòɵھʵӲɡ
طǿ׼һ㣬ŸҹɼͺԵһͶɱС족ӲӲ
䡪
һ̡
طȭݺݵ˺Եϣȭ֮ھͬʱըµھ۳һɺָ̺ھԺ䣬ɽײһ𣬷һ졣
һɿµľײΪĳܼ䣬һС͵ķ籩
籩ģطȭͺԵ˲ֿµķ˾ǲܿƵسȥ
ž
ž
ž

첻ϴ
ҹĻ£ÿһµĻ涼ѿұ裬ϣֱӱھ÷顣
طͣ½Ų˺
Ȼڵˣ
岽סΣ
VS岽ǿУ
ңűſڵĵƹ⣬ؿǱһ㣬ͣزֻѿѪ߰ߡ
ˣ
ڸղŵӲƴ֮Уطֻڣֱ۷顣
ΪҪǣѪھҡĴײþйɱ˺ѵʹƱǣˣ
顭үˣ
ϵƣЩԱͳͳɵˡ
Ϊѧ⺺ǣ޷طԵḶֹ̌һ̣ؿط簲ȻֻѪǵͨ졣
һУζźˣ
ǵ𾪼ֱ޷ݣ
û
𾪣
ΪǿǺṣ̌ȫ֪ǿߣʵԶԶ߳ط磬ɱطӦͬвһף
ڣǿƳ֣طһëû˵Լˡ
⡭ܲ𾪣
ǣھֵعҲһ
ôˣѵطʵȺǿ
ԣǵɴ۾ǰطԣϳž
ǴյϢǱǰ˫Ľ̸Եʵط֮ϣǽֹ˵ȴǺԡ
ֱǲԼ۾
⡭
ͬʱ¥ͬɴ۾Ĳ˼顣
طԽ֮ǰֳ˾ԵţطЩԸˣ֮Ȼһ̫ˣЩ߸ѧ֪
ϾǺ԰
ط磬ֻǸոͻƻڶѣ
ս˶ˣοԱˣ
ҹĻ£Դľ
ΪԤطͻƻڣҲѵһУᱻһɱ
˿̣ط簲Ȼȴˡ
ֽȻķֱúԵ˾ξˣ
ܹظܵڷѪҵھ;ƱǣԶһģ
ţ
Ϲȡ㹷Ϊʦ𣡡
ӦԵһͺȡ
ͺȳӰ
ƾǹʽ졯˺ԣطƱǣͣһͺȣ˺ԡ
㲡Ҫ
ŷḻɱط磬Դ˿廹飬ܵ˲СĴˣһǧɣʵٴδۿۣȻŹѵĳֻᡣ
һ̣طڲҩҩԳЧ߶غٶȴﵽ˼£˲˵˺Եǰ
˵ȭӣ

֮䣬طȭٴһ˴ǹԡ
ǹһʽ
̣
Ϊ졯̫ķھҺԼпܶطһûжá졯õ̡
̳޵У
һ̣ԭƱǵط磬ڶ֮˵ƴﵽۣһ޷ƥеĸо
ৣ
Ȼطʤ׷ĿһȭûӲƴѡâһͬһ
һ̣۷ʦͺŵĽȥιѡ
һ棬طղŶһȭף̫𺳣
ΪҪǣ˿̵ѪھĴײʹʵۿۣ޷طӲƴ
Ϲֱ˻۷ʦ棡
һȭУطһȣֱͣ׷ԡ



һʱ䣬ſӰط練ΪԺչ
޵еڵս⣬۵ơ
һ̵ط磬·Ϊ׷źʹ
ҹĻ£һɥ֮ȮĴӴܣм֮


1073 ǹʽ
ƾḻɱ飬ط粶׽սչҷ糱һ˸߹һˡ
д书ǹ֮⣬ط绹˼Ϊóġȭƻڵġ׻ȭʱһͷͻʱһֻʱһͷ
书໥ת޷νӣʽǿǿ䣬úԷʤ
ǻԱع޷һУȴؿҽ߾ȫضԿб
Ϊţ
µϳѧ磬ҲǱڶǿ塢ȣĳһˣ
죬ɱӡ顢Ѫϴ鶫Ƿֲط磬һԭһڵĵˣ׷ֱֱ
Ȼ
ȻٱҲһֱûлڵȴ
ڵѪھȶȻطһ
Ϲ㲻Ҫɱôô˿ɥ֮Ȯһ
Ϲҽһȭô
һȭֻһȭɴ㣡
Ե˼طһ߷ˮĹһߴȣףʡ
ַʽŭӲ
ΪʱϵԽöԽڵĻҩҩЧʱƣǱھת˳Էӳһʼʵڴ˳

طһŭȣǻԱعͳͳɵˡ
˵һʼطԽֹط簲ȻˣֻǾȵĻôʱ˿̣ǳױˣ
Ȼ޷Ḷ́ҲͨطĻжϳϵΡطأҲӭط磬һӴܡ
⡭ôܣ
һ̣ǶЩɣǲԼ⡣
ô
ԣѩһĵ
ʵϣӱ䵽ڣһֱƽ
ΪţջʤĻԼˣ
ô

Ӧǵһŭµıȡ
ſڣͻȻͣ½ŲסΣһͷŭͻһ㣬ź׷ط磬һ
һ˵ĦѪܣͻ쳹ȸɽׯϿգòԶսĻԱھֵعǰڡĤĶ
ĻںԳһ̣ͣ
ȭѹˣˣȡʤ
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ֶԾ˲ֳʤ
һɲǣڽͷܵĻԣ޹ʹڸֶԣַͨܶʽɱˡ
ಣ
䣬Ӱ
Բٶӭط硣
ҹĻ£ٴݻΣһͷͻط硣
Ȼ
͵Լ˵طǰ˲䣬Ȼһڣβ
һ̵ƻǻͷ
˰֮͸ңԵ
˼ޣǿ߹󣬴
һɽݶܹ棡
ϻ
ȭǿɱУ
̡ĺԲѣһǿɱУ
ңƾḻɱ飬͵תΪٶȿ쵽£ȫ׷ط޷
žžž
ըѣձ𣬺ڰױֻӳצ״צһ㣬ץطԴ
һץ̺źȭ֮еĻΡ֮⣬ںźԵ߾̺ޱߵŭɱ⣬ֲ˹
ֲһץطûжûгֻ֣΢΢һԴԴܿһץ
ͬʱһھ˲ӿ磬γھУұɱС졯ʱγɵھлҪ࣡
ৣ
ʯ֮䣬Եץطļͷָ̺µھ˲ŷ
ʱ
طھмͬʱը
꣡
ۡ
ɲǼ䣬ѵ
ҹĻ£طļͷ˲ըѡѪɡ
ھըӿھ˵Լ
󡭡
ǹɿµھͣѹ֮ƣ˲˺ָŷھԵָ
ۡ
˲䣬Եָ㱻µھ÷飬ּըһƬѪģ

һҽУˣϳžطĿͷ·ڿһħ
Ϊû뵽ط粻㲻ԼǿɱУ
ңһ˲䣬طԼԼȻͨǹɿµھӦĹ
˵һǧ˰˰١
ǹʽ
̣
ط綯һŵƣ
ͨûҩڼ˺ѡ޸ĸ򣬴ʽ


1074 ԣ䣡
̣һбֲΪգԺ徻¡
֤Ͼ
ڷΪ̡ǸС䡡ǣΪΪڡȡ
֮⣬һʻԴһڴ˵
˵е췽һΪΪˡ󣬼ľԷ٣иӴ쳣
̣ԡ
ɴ˶
ط֮ǰûҩʱ屻ҩ죬α˺ѡ޸ܶʼÿһι󣬾øӼ͡ǿ
طУȻںϡ졯ھеķ˲ھÿһλۼھУڵֹʱ̣ͻȻھУµɱ
˼˵С
ԼòҪĲλˣ˺Ӱ콵͡
ԵֶԣͻȻĿֲɱģ
ͬղŵĺԣ
ãáȭǿɱСϻΪһٽطɱ뵽ط翴ûжκʽ紫ǹɿھ֮ǰġ졯Ҫֲ
һ󣬻һ̶
ҹĻ¡
طͷȾѪɫƽˮ·һжԤ֮С
ըһȫǵԤϣ
һˣһˣ֮֮
ৣ
֮࣬ƾսܣٳˡ
һ̣ھٴܵˣ޷תھֻƾٶȲ
ȻĲͨ˶ԡ
طУԵƶطţû׷
ΪĺԣֱϣڱצӵϻвѴ󽵵͡
ңԵľٴܵˣʱ޷˳ضھ޷Զܶ
ǰطȫ߶غ߷ڲҩҩЧ޸΢ľ
ղŵĽ֣Ҳ˾ƺ΢Զʱ޷ھˣ
һߣԱ֮ͣ˽Ų־ŭ
ǣط綯ѹû˵书Թķʽˣ֣ľ
ңطٴζ֣޷ֵ
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ң½ƻָҲ޷ٶáȭˣ
ΪؼǣǱطϣȥضΪһĳ裡

ͬʱǻԱھֵعǶؿ˳ϵƣһδסˡ
˿̣طԾˣǸ޷ͨģжϳ˭Ƹء
㡭ʲô书
̲סˣΪеĺ棬Ϊʱ䣬ͼȶҵھľõϢʱ䡣
ɱ书
طӦԡ
غ״߻ڲҩҩЧ֮΢ľѾõ˻ָھת硣
һֻʣˡ
ˣսӰ죬ԺԲƣ
㡭
ԣ濴ȥŭɶȴļ١
㲻ûʱ䡢ָˣǲܣ
ط״һ
䣬Ӱ֡
ƾһ㣬ȻںԵǰ

ʱ
ͻȻ˻һȫ˾ǿתھҲ֮ǰھǶǿھ
ҪǿھӿȽţȽŻɱط磡
ȭȻȭҲвȹֻɱȭǰ㾪ˡ
ಣ
·ϵԻƴһ㣬طͬȥĵɣȻ˻ȥ˲˳ȥʮס

һ̡
ҽд
ǿд߶ǿھľ޷ܣѣھֵҰܿƵس֫ٺ
ۡ
ھʧأݿشݻźԵ壬ѪֱһѪлƬ
ͨ
󣬺һΣֱͦͦص˵ϣһһϢĶȮ鴤ֹ
Լھ̣޷شϾ
ô£
ѡѵүˣ
һĻǻЩԱǵԲ۾һı飡
ǽѾ˺ܶˣ˿̿ͬһڵϣȻ˾ξˣһĨĿ־壡
ǣھֵعͬɻ󣬵û˵ڡ
ž
ž
ž

ӦǵǳȵĽŲ
ҹĻ£ǵעУطٴδԡ
û뵽ҺԾȻС
ŲطһߴŴһ˻Ƶ˵
µ֪Լձط֣Ҳܿ뿪硣
ȻΪǿжھ¾ѣھʵط֮֡
˵һᰤ˵Χʦʦеˣǵһ
طޱؿڻӦŲͣϵ֮ľ롣
ҡҺúް
طĻԺ޵ͬʱҲ˳ӣҺһʼûðžķնǿھҸޣûнСɱҡ֮УѹɳĻᣡ
ҩܶ࣬ҩ֮һ
䣬вͣ
طȻںǰӸ£ޱظżȥĺԡ
ٴطĻ˪һ㣬˲ˡ
Ȼǧ㲻ʡûںͺ⣬޷ıˡ
ˣ
ǰһڵ
꣬ĸӡ
꣬ӻĵǰѪϴ鶫Ƿֲ
죬ǰ羳ɱ
ΪطһѧʵɱĻ۷ʦ
İΪط񻰵ġ
ʬǣΪʵѧ֮۵ĵʯ
㡭õĵʲô书
ȻԵǴһ㣬س鴤֪Լߵյ㣬ٵؿڣʳɻǸо·ǲܵõ𰸣Ŀ
㵽ү㣡
ط˵ţȻ£һӣһץס˺ԵĲӣȻ
꣡
촫
Ŀ֮£طֱš˺ԵԴ
һš۷ʦԡ
䣡


1075 ܻţ
ҹĻ£ԵԴӷּң̵ѪȪһ㣬˲佫ſڵĵȾͨ죬طȴûմһѪһʱźԵԴ

һĻǻԱھֵعһξôԭء
ƺֱһ̣Ƕ޷ţԻطС
Ȼ
ͷʬ塢ȾѪĵͷȻط硭
һУڸǣˣطǿƻɱ
졭찡顭үˣ
֮࣬һԱµؿڣ֮гſֻš
ĻֳԱ顣
ΪĳԱȻ׺׺Ϊ𣬵׺أǾη
Ϊػ
ǸĿ൱һ޵еĴڣǵƤӵ±طɱ
⡭ǵľ֪
ΪΪʲô
ҲɵվԭأŰȻط磬ǵʧķһϵҡͷƺȫ
ΪԤطӦñǿɱ
ΪĿطĳ棬ǿʹûȥҽԺص

Ǻԣ
һشϣ㽫˹ȥ
ϵ۰ԾȻˣط絽жǿ
һߣعŴͣԲ۾ͬ飬ҲԼ
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Ŷ壬˵˵ΪʲôѩԣųһõЦݡ
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ǸǣطֻҪǲɵԲǳ֣򽫻Χˡ
ǣǸոĿطɱԡšºԴ˿ֿطԴ־·޿ײ룬ǵģռǵ塣
ǵĳ٣ǵĽ赶ɱ˵ļƻʧˡ
ܿ죬طźԵͷߵعǰޱ⣬ȻûֹɱңҽҸ黹񣬻ϣǲҪԤҲһݵʧ䣬֮ǰĳŵ

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ǻعʱطתŻЩԱȥ
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졭ӣ
ۿطǻЩԱŵòɢžҪߡ
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طĻ䣬ЩԱȿֺؿڻӦ¼ڻӦϼԼӦ˻ŭط磬Ӷطһ
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ԱĻӦط粻ٷϻŤͷĿͶѩһۡ
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ѩ΢Ц·˵ҵ
طջĿ⣬һ˲ʧںҹ֮С
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1076 һ˵壡
ط뿪ȸɽׯٴλָľ

19űſڣЩԱſڵϣһŴ£·ˮ͸ˣ·ˮ̳һ㡣
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ݳҪ㣬ǸСȻпʱոջɱһս۷ǿߣ֪ζʲôζţѾֵǿһС֮һһҵвĺС
޵µǸȫģЩָƣ仰˵׼ŭһս۷ǿߣƬϽб͵жԹͶһź˵ĺһġ
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ΪûӰ쵽ɼûдͶߣҽ͵ʲôҲûзҪȥ
޵˵ԼȻֲҲҺ˲Ҫⲿź;ЩһҪʱҲͳ㱨
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1077 ˼
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׺ڴȴźǱߵϢ
У׺һ̶һװ³һɻķ硣
ոմӻ̻ۻֳϻ
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1078 ӥץС
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쳣˲ʶ˲ԣӣĿɨǰȻһӰڳɽׯ
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׺ɫһ䣬뵽ʲôţѿʵ
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ʱ˿̣طźȾѪͷĿ־˲ģд˾ҲЩӲ

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׺ҲҲҲһ˿򶨣еֻǴδйĿֻš
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ɲǼ䣬Ӳקӱ粣ƬƣѪ

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1079 Ӳͷͷ
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һ̣ؿط絥Ļ档
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1080 ط£
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ڴ׺Ļû׺ǽ׺Ļ˷ƨֻһɵؿط硣
˵ĻǶѣǵˡ
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شʦֻҪɱңҲɱˣҿ԰ƶ飡
ٴطĻûԥֱӹطǰ
͵֮ѡߣñ֤͹µľٶطģ
ȻҪǣڱԼüֵ
㡭
Ļһĵعطǰ׺Ǳȵβ͵èһ㣬ʱըëˣŭĿΪĻŹ㣿ֻǰ㵱ǹʹѡ
شʦھͳָɵô
ٴδ׺Ļ֮û˿ֻҪطһ£׺ȥү̽
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׺òһͷԵڵأ˵ʲôû˵һ֡
Ҹ׽ΪǮ˸ȨȴҪ壬ǣ
׺ԭ㱻Ҳŭָ
٣ȣҪһ¡һ㸸໥õĹϵţҿԱ㹻ĺô˵ȨǮ͵λǶӦõġڶ˵㸸׶ΪǸڡ̸壬ڸЦô
ЦǽĻ֪شʦɽׯ᲻֪ͨλϣֻԼǶһȺںҹˣĳ˱ɡԣǲҪ̸ʲô塣
㡭㲻úǸ㣬Իɵ㣡
ûŭ
ž
ӦһǶ⡣
˵ȻƾճǰһƳϡ
ۡ
һ̣Դͬشеһ㣬˲ը
ط׺棬鱬Դ
صʬ壬û˿Ǹоͬɱһֻһ
û뵽㾹Ȼһͷ˲¹ͷİǣǰСˣ
ۿԼ潫׺˫ͨ죬ɫףҧгݵ˵
ҿԣشʦ
Цԣ׺Ѿȫ˱˵ˣطӵ˱ˡ
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׺ಡ㷸ˣ»ζһͷԵڵأؿڣȻضط磬ССúݰ
ط粻ᣬɫƽ·ǰһûκιϵƵġ

طԽƽ׺ԽޡԽʹ࣬Ŵ˺ѷεغССǸ㵱Ҳ飬ǲܣ
үãЩ֣֪㶪ǵڻңԴŶǻΪνġֵ塯ԿشʦЦ

׺죬ȴúǿһ㣬޷˵һ֡
ΪǸû˵ЩвЩҲһʱ佫νȥιתͶط硪ıơѣⶼǵɡ
Ļ˵һȺںҹˣϴٰףƽʱ壬˹ؼʱ̣Ҫ˵ݰֵܣҲܱѣ
㡭ħ
ݵĳĬ׺ٴζط
ӵԼ汻ɱԼµĽɽжߡ
һУױˣ
ͬʱǷһ㣬͵վط˹
顪
Ӧ׺һ졣
һӣĲӬһ㣬ֱ׺Դֱ׺ȥү̽
ͨ
һУٴιڵأްɱ⡣
һ졣
ط£ط磬ϳžη


1081 һоƿ
·Ե·Ƶƹŵ·ӳӣطؿϵľηεһĨֻš
ȻѾɱ׺ˣﻹûסұ֤طŹȻȥƿ顣
ҹȻûѡˡ
طıͬݾһ㣬

طĻʱɵˣ
Ϊͨط仰жϳһǳҪϢطղŵΪʱ⣬д㣡
ط֮ǰƻһСɱԡ׺ˣʣȨߵѡ
һУطƺƿصУ
Ŀֻţղſ׺طסҪ
ءشʦӽߵһҧ˭ҾҪ˭
֮࣬ſڵϣٴοڱġ
Ϊ˻ţΪ棬ҧκˡ׺һ仰˵һͷ˲¹ͷİǡط絭Ӧ
⣡ͷһǴһ㣬ܿƵس鴤
һ̣ԼǱطһ߽˵طʱ
ȻһҲ⡣
طƽؿķӦٴοڣɣҪݳ
ǡǣشʦ
һʱ俪ڻӦִӵصõĸоǴ˼Ѫһ嶯
شʦȥɣ⣬ɽׯſڵ˿ܿһУǳ
֮˼طʾ
ֻһλڣôݣ顣طٴ̬꣬ȡ
ǣشʦ
һʱȻɿؽ׺ʬŶ䡣
һУǰΪطţطȥ֮󣬲ߵһϳͷɽׯ
ܿ죬ɽׯſڣһʱͣ³ԾɽׯȻŷ
ͬ˵һɽׯſڣĳԱ֮ǰһУҲԼ׺˷ŭĺС
һУͳͳˣûл㱨Ƕɽׯŷ۵Сۣɪɪ
硭
ȾѪɫĮţĳԱֵʺá
飡飡飡飡
˵Ѹײڶ֮ˣֻͬϣû˿
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1űſڣͣ
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Ǻȥ׺ԡ鼰鶫ǸһȨ࣬籭Ϊ߳ϡ
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Ƕɽׯ֪ȥɱط飬ڸղŽӵϢ֪Աطˣ
ϢǾѣͬʱһʱܹ׺׺ڱҵ绰޷ͨ
ԱСˣ绰ػȥô죿
ԣһɽ߿ˣϣһԽѪϸսڼ䣬͵ɵţƾ費׵ͷԣһλΪ׺ĵɽںڽ۹֮󣬵֮߳һĶĲ⡣
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ϵĻ£һֵ߿ˣĻû˵꣬˼ȷˡ׺ǲҲطɱˣ
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ĸĸģΪͷȥҪͷۣļ飬ͬΪ׺ĵ֡
˽ȥһ¡
ڵһڵߣշһᡣ
һȽϸԣļͥҸͯ꣬ʱڣͥشʡĽ㱻ļּ
һŭ֮£ɱʮԱ˵ʱ磡
Ϊᱻҵιʱ򣬵ʱƶ߲ǰӣ飬á
֮߳ߣˣ׺ıֶΣ׺֮£׺ػ֮ĵˡ
׺ҲĶƷ⽻
ȥ
£Ϻ˺ӻӦŤͷԼıָʾ
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ڵһʱȻһԾͬĺһϱ̨֮С
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Ŷ
ڵĻش÷˺ӡһ
һ̡
ǻعԶʻ
ৡ
˺ӡ˺ǵıڣһʱ佫ĿͶǰȻһSUVٳ1űʻ
֣üͷһоЩԾﲻԾ˵
ͬʱ
SUVط翿ϣĿ
⿴һĻû˿ֵ˼ǽʾ֭˼ţܼ򵥡ֱӵ
طԣֻһݳ
ԣһ󿼡
һãһߵ



1082 ѡ񵱹أ
1űǰ˺ӡĳϣɻؿǰʻSUVǵıڲԼͬǰһվǵԡ
һһʲôΣգǿԵһʱԷ˺ӡ˽б
ܿģǵע£𽥼٣ȻͣĲԶ
˺ӡ˺ǵıŬصɴ۾ͼ峵ˣƹ̫ۣ޷壬ֻܵȴԷ³ͬʱгɻ󡪡ĵ˭
شʦ³𣿡
SUVͣ£ŤͷŸʻλϱĿط磬ʵ
Ҫ³𣿡
ط绺۾ƽʵ
³Ļ˳һЩ
طĻͷһԥһ£ӲͷƤ˵
á
طͷͬ

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ط粻ĻҪշ˺ӡ˾¡
һڰϷˣطƱػɡ
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ҹĻ£ǿ˼һ㣬ɴ۾ؿǰȫһͷռݣطôһ
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ΪĶƷ⣬ȥͽǣΣϵܸߣıڶսģӦ졣
ȶԣ˺Ӻ˵ıڷӦҪġڷıڿں󣬲Żعͬ˺Ӻͬʱγǹͼڻߡ
شʦɱǵġ
һ̣ȷ˺ӡж³˵
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Ļ˺ӡϺǵıٴһȾطĳƺҲ˵ط粻ɱǡ
ĻǲϳҲӲߡ
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⣡
˺ӡͷһгſֻš
ΪǶ֪˵ʵ
طԶܻɱɱǸնûʲô
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ȿֻŶԣиɻ
Ϊζط𾴣
طȻɱǣʲô
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طϤİףǷ˺ӡˣǵıڣеĿ־ֱ
ڹȥ̶һʱط飬ȻѪϴ鶫ǷֲΪͷŴУǻɱ˺ԣΪجΣ
طվǵǰôܲ־壿
طܹز˵Ŀ־壬û˵ʲôҲûʲôֻǾվһһ㣬ԹһС
أ
ۿطûж֣˺ӡ˲ղ˵зѹסĵĿֻţʵ
ˡ
ش𣬼ˡ
ৣ
Ļش𣬷˵ɫٴο䣡
ǿطһ֮ʶ˲ԣ׺п⵽˲⣬˿̣ޱ˵лǾѣ
һ׺һǸط̬Ⱥ³ı֣жϳпѱˣ
һУ˲佫ĿطŲͶ
ղţ׺֪شʦԵϢ֮󣬵һʱҴĶ뿪ңΪ˱¶û֪ͨǣûдֻûרǳڽӴ
Է˺ӡϾŷŭĿ⣬ޱ飬ڵ

˺ӡ˵ͫ˲Ŵ
ΪĳϣǶǰ׳գ෴ǵ̶̡ͨ޷ġ
ǵһʱͨĻжϳһϢ׺ѹûǵǵڻңطɱӶϨطŭ
˺ӡ˵ı仯֪룬ûмڣǸ˼ʱ䡣
ҿ׺˳ɽׯʱǡشʦźԵͷ֡شʦסǣɵƷңûɱǡ
˵ͣһ£Ȼżشʦһѡɱ׺Ĺѡǰߣ


1083 Ļƶ
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˺ӡԣõ쳣ӡ
˵һʼǶѱ仹ЩŭĻô˿ûһŭˣ
ǵģ
ǵûһŭ
һ棬׺ǵڻҳطŭֱĥ׺֮ǷݱӺο֮黹ֵ顣
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Ϊν壬Լ
ǸճĻ飬ĵԱȥ
οЩ磿
ͬʱҲµΪ˵ط粻ɱǵԵɡطͬһȻĻƿ飡
ڷ˺ӡЩͷͬʱû˵ʲôĬĬߵ棬򿪺䣬׺ʬӺǶһ㶪
飡飡
죬׺ʬ壬һ㵹˷˺ӡϺǵıǰ
ৣ
׺ģ˺ӡϺǵıɫٴһ䣬Ҳ̶ͬȵٴ¶˼ֿ־塣
Ȼ˵ط粻ɱǣýֺͷ뵽ǲط磬ط統Ļط綯֣֮ͬǰɱ׺һȥү
顪
ʱ촫
ԵͷҲ˳
űſڵĵƹ⣬ǿؿԵͷƬѪģѿԭģˡ
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һĻǷ˺ӡڵѪһӣǵ⽣ӰƴģȻŵú䶯Ǹо·»Ḱ׺ӺͺԵĺ󳾡
شʦǽ̸ɣͬʱתطϹʾ
á
طףʾͬ⡣
ѡڣı⡣
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һʱӦ
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˺ӺæڸͣǸо·˵˻ᱻطᡣ
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ֱӴ򿪱ţطǰ棬Լط󣬷˺ӡ
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ٴοָӷ˺ӡ˵ıڣ˽׺ͺԵʬװڿϣ棬ûҵǲ뿪1ű벽Ľվǵļգ
ǡǣ磡
˺ӡ˵ıڣŵɫһ䣬æϹǿ־嵽µķӦ
үүүǶǴˡӦòµ˽Ҫ̸ʲô
뿪֮һط磬طûпڵ˼ٴοڵ׻˵ԩͷծ׺ҲãҲգʱ޿̶ҪشʦԣǶˡشʦһŵĻᣬϧᣬ֪Ƿϧ
ûлش𣬷˺ӡ˱˴˶һۣڿԷķӦ
ǶڶԷϿ˿ֻţһĨصúĲʡ
ǼȲҲ׵ؽԼԴƴݡλȨͽǮֽȥ
ĳ˵ɱǻҪԽܣ
ѡţȻǵϴ󣬸ǸԵ׬ǵǮǵꡣ
ط翴˷˺ӡϵĲʣҲ룬ֻһҪ󣬽ͷǱĹ
ͨ
طĻ¹ڵأĵллشʦؾϹѣΪشʦ飡
شʦӽǶΨǴӣԷĹ
һĻ˺ӡٴζһۣȻɷ˿ڣ˵ǵѡͬʱʾǵġ
ȻܹסݡλȨͽǮΪʲôҪѡأ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ
£֮ͬǰһ׷׹ڵء
һ쳣ɴ࣡
һʱ䣬˺ӡλĴУȫڵϣʾ
طɳϣɫƽؿš
涨
Ժĳλоʷﴫǵרңдһλ
һ죬ڻɱ֮źԵͷɼɽׯõʱȫ֮һ
һ죬̳ΪĻ̸֮󣬳ΪĻƶߣȫ¼Ԫ
һ죬ʵֻ˵һ仰֡


1084 ˣ
ҹɫīбң͵¹ɽׯ㡣
ɽׯһƬľ1űƻͨ
˺ӡ˵ıվڱſڣɫףɪɪ
ȻǶٴˣһ̫߳ˡҹ򣬽طı䣡
һУǶ޷ܣͬʱҲĻᱻڣĳſֻš
׺ͺԵʬװڲ輸ϣѪϵʣȾ˲輸ͬʱڵذϣСȴԵø
ΪＫ䰲Ƿ˺ӡ϶ڵϣҴһ
ɡ
Ȼط翪ڴ˴İ

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ৡ
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شʦֻ
һϳֻط㱨
طԣĿһɨȻʾǡװġӢġ
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˭˵
绰ͷԭߡŵЦݣԼطһ
ӣѾˣӦ

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ûˤľƱ㡭˵ʲôˣ㡭˭
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ŷԱʬѾˣĸȥ˸š
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ĸæطм϶֮ǰĲ²⣬췢˾ޱ䣡
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ͬһʱ䣬ΪͻȻɲ̥ҵĦʡ
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ңطվ˺Ӻˣ


1085 вֻ
ûв͸ǽ
Ȼɽׯи𰲱Ա´˷鷢ޱ飬Ǻܿ촫˳ȥ
ȻⲢЩԱܲס죬ΪǵļϸԵס
ЩϸԵ״ڵǴ̽Ϣ鷢飬ȻҪһʱ㱨
Ϊĺֵһʱ֪Ϣ
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ڹȥʮ֮ڣӵ˶绰عŵĵ绰Ϣġعɽׯ⿴ط˺Ӻ߳ɽׯ
ллװѡ
鷿ɵ¡ʱŵȻ޷ε𾪣ģЦݣһеĸо
׿ݺ;˿̵Цһүү
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ɵ¡ʱŵſڣŲͣضıڷԸһ䣬Ȼֱ˱
ৣ
ʱŵĵ̡ȫΣаǰޡʱŵһʱ˽Ų͵˫ۣӱչѡ
֨
󣬾͵ɵ¡ʱŵߵſڵʱޡʱŵ˷š
磬ܱǸչء
ɵȿڣдǸء
ȻǸʱŵ峤ֵĽ̸֪ޡʱŵԼֵԶ
ĳ˵ޡʱŵһĻҲֲ峤ͽ̸
Ȼң϶кҪ飬˵ɡޡʱŵδǽɵӭ˱
ǵģ磬ҵȷзǳҪҪ
ɵɳϣٴοڣֱ⣬غͽǡ
ʲôˣ
Щ⣬ļУԼλܵȻ֮ˣӵһŲԼļǿ࣬侲ţ±ǹԴɫ
طǸˡɵٴοڡ
Ȼ
һΣĻ˵ڣ㱻޴ϣʲʲôǸС龹Ȼô
磬һʼõϢʱҲǺһ뷨ڹȥһСʱ﷢飬׸ıҵ뷨Ҿúܲ˼飡
ɵ¿ЦһȻ˵ִɼ֮󣬴һӵܣعΪɼû˿ƷûжʲôǴָɵ
֪Ϣ֮󣬺ԳȥɱǸ顣ᡭǸУ
˵ɵ±ܹ죬ȷҹȥһСʱ˿˵Ȼš
⡭ôܣ
޵һϢŵȻձƻشͨµˣʵָܹɣҪ˵ǸС飬һս۷ǿɱһ׵飡
磬ΣȷʵˡطǸشˣұšԴʱ˺عŵ˶ֳ
ɵܹ޵飬һֺܿ϶ٴȷϣȻֲ⣬Ǹ֮źԵͷȥܲɽׯɱ׺ˣ˺Ӻ˳عۿǸһǸ͵ɽׯſڣ
ˣ
ٴɵµĻ̲סһ䣬Ȼüͷ鲻ϱ仯
һ䣬ͷԼ򵥡֫Ҳڽ峤֮λøɵ֮˵ˡһ֮˵ǻԶҪ
鿴Ƿɼ˾޴󣬵ʵҲ˸ʱŵֵ޴вطɱŦԼô죿
磬ƻָôˣǸɱܸɵôɵºܸɴʳ⣬ҲĿġ
գҺͺԡҰ˱ƻĻˣƲࡣҲָֻ˲ɵʵ
üͷɫЩѿȻǸܹɱԣôڵʵûлɱİա
ȻôΪȷȫֻǵЩѣⲿʩѹֹطǸ鶯ˣ
ɵԣ˵ԼҲǺ򲹷
ڵһȷ޳ֽطɱ
š
޵ͷϿɵµľȻЩŵģǸСʵô֮죿


1086 ȫǿ֮У
ҹʮһ󣬱ȸɽׯӰˣƵıѲķ֮һѩǶ֮һ
ѩڴȴطûа㵣Ǻͽǡ
Ϊ˵ټɼܹɱطֻкһˡ
񣬺ˣûĸ˿ԶطвعŶôɱԼǿִֿԼûС
ӺѩĵȴУ
һʱ򿪱ţѩҲſڣӭط硣
Ŵ򿪣ط
ƹ£ϡȾѪԼѪǺԵѪ
ˣ𣿡
ѩ㿴طѪģ۶ǵʵ
¡
طЦҡҡͷͨǹʽ̡ش˺ԣԼҲˡιѿƤѿҲЩ΢
֮ȫ߶غڲҩҩ޸΢ľҲࡣ
ҩﲻмǱܵãͬҲ˵Ч³´лӿ죬ϸӻԾƻָ
ҲΪʲô׳ƵĻָٶȡ˰ٶȱ˸Եʡ
֮ƵٶԶʤͨˣҲ
֮⣬طǰɽׯʱ򣬻һҩ
ҩոģڻ֯רҩƻָЧ
ڻҩҩ˫£Ѿת࣬綼ܶˡ
أҪȥҽԺ𣿡ѩЩġ
ȥ
طٴҡͷȻҩ𣿻߰׾ƣҼϴһ˿ڣϱͿˡ
СС
һ侲򶨵ѩ㣬һ̺Щţһߵͷһת첽ȥҩ䡣
شʦҪҰæ𣿡ͬʱʵ
ƹ£طĿ塣
Ϊطѧʵ̫ˣǹŴЩŶ޷طᲢۣ
ͬʱţԻȫѧʮ
չط֣ۣǻһƺǿߣ
ɱһսطȫѧǿ֮У
壬ллˣҿԴط΢Цܾ
õģҵſڿһ¡
ԣʶȤ뿪ռطѩ㡣
ܿ죬ѩһ䷿﷭ҩ䣬õ˿Ȼ㿴ҪʲôҩﲻĻȥ򡣡
ɵϣãҾϴһ˿ڣɴʹطЦЦ
𣿡ѩЩš
һ棬طƺأһ棬Ȼҵţҽѧ˽١
š
طͷִҩ䣬ҳˮɴͱȻѵ·¶ͬСţһ㽡׳ϰ
ôϴ˿ڣ
ط絥ж磬ٶȺܿ죬ѩ㻹Ϊطʲô
ˮϴһ˿ڣȻɴ˿ڣϱͿˡطûоܾ
ô򵥣
ѩɴ۾ѵҩͿԻָô
ţ㰴˵ͺá
طٴεͷȻѩǽšɻӣúǿɰ
ٴطĻѩ㲻ٷϻѸٵóˮšƿǣȻϴط˿ڡ
𣿡
ѩһ߳ϴһ߿ѯʣȻطЦؿа۵ӣ
ʵϣϴ˿ڿ϶۵ģʹطѹֵһᡣ
˿ϴ֮ѩ㲻ͣѸٵΪطɴϱ

һУѩ˿Ȼʣ㿴𣿡
൱ԡ
طɴšɵĺᣬϵЦݸŨˡ
󣬾͵ѩﲻԾʱȥ»ص˱
شʦع㡣
һʱ㱨һûἰѩ㡣
á
طͷȻ·ϣȻѩѩ㣬ҩߣѪһ£Ȼǽ
ȻƲǺأ˺ѿ
ΪˣΪȷϲ⵽ɧţǾڸԼơ
Ӻع߽˴
عһһףһһݣ͡ɫγɽȻ
֮ǰطѩڲò͵ʱǱˣط棬Ȼһֱط磬Ŀط罫Իɱ
طɽׯٶ̫죬޷ϣǸϵʱطѾշˡ
ǡÿط߳ɽׯһĻҵһʱ˻㱨
ٴθϵȸɽׯط磬Ϊӵµָʾ
ãطּˡع֮ɺعڡ

طɳϣŶȣָָɳʵ˵ɣǵ˾ǸҴʲô

طĻعһۣڶԷϿ˾ȡһǶĻ׳ô
طǶɽׯһжɱ׺ˡ
ȹ󣬺عٴοڡ
ǵ鱨⡣ţ׺ӲɱġطϺعĻ
Ȼ
عһ㣬ѹͲţҲû⣬ǼطⲻҪǲ׷顣ҵĳ٣ת֮ǰĳŵ֤ڼ䲻ΣҺ顣
ǵĳٷģһ˵㻰ˡţ֮ǰҲû顣
طЦЦſڣҪɱңҵܵвȻзȥɽׯֻǽ˼ѡЩûΣңΥ㲻ϣô

عƿԣȻԸϣʵ
ͬʱǿӦҲûжطԵɡ
ǲ֪ǣֻһ΢ԭ
Ҫԭǡطѳȫǿ֮У


1087 ҵĵǸ
ҹͬλڱȸɽׯĻұȴƻͨ
鷿ҼӢңĬĬš
̺ңǻӢϰߡ
ÿĸҪش֮ǰҺܿԼ侲
Ȼ
죬Բˬİ취ȴʧЧˡ
һźңһ鷿ⲽȹϵϡ
һУֻΪѾ˵ľ޴ʣŮɱ飡
ⲻܣ
֮ĵһӦ
ֻš
ĵڶӦ
Ȼطԩ޳𣬵ڽ̻ĻУֶõѩ̻ḱϯͶ¾ָϯְλ
طΪ¶ң
ΪǷݺ£֮ǰѾ˲ȵĴʩ˿ڵȴ̻ϯ¸ϹȻ
顪
ʱ鷿ű졣

Ӣͣ½ŲԼԵƽ޷
֨
ӦŶ룬Ϲ㱨ϰ壬СˣҪܼ
Ҫң
ڵĻ䣬⴫˻е
󣬻ֱӳ鷿
ƹ£ް֮ǰȤ¡źƵȴȥž⡢ŵͷɢΪߵ̫һֻ߸Ьĸˣһȳһյġ
ȳȥ޻᳤˵һʱҡ
Ӣ״а̾ϢıʺԻʮֳأͬʱԱڻӻ֡
ǣϰ壡˳鷿
֣֡ô£񡭡𣿡
ͬʱ鿪ʵгŲš
ǵġ
֪Ѿˣֱڣ޷źͽʵصϵӢס֤
ţ׺ˡ
Ӣ˵ͷҲܻʵ
ô
ԣӾһֱ̱ɳϡ
ѩδط磬ɱǡӢ
ô
ҡͷȫ޷һУǴе񡭡ңĺɱѩǼ˵ļɱûκΪʲôͷأ

ûлش𣬻ӢҲ֪һ㡣
֣֡ΪҪѩǼ˵ļ֮أ
ۿӢûп͵վٴδȸղŻҪ
鶼طշˣǿʲô𣿡
ӢüŻ飬ɻ鱻ɵˡ
ùٷطɱˣȲŲܲܣһҲܶԿοкܶⲿţٴδ󺰵
飬ûˣⲻܣ
ӢһֿϵĿ⿴Ż飬ٷҪԸطĻȥҹϵͬģٷ㶯ĻǶеĹٷ޼¡Ŀǰ״ǺߡҵõϢٷ׷طΡ

ٴӢĻٴ̱ɳϣ˳״סˡ
һ̣ˮ֮ˣһþݣ
ǡô죿
֪ʻӢԼ
Ѹ绰ϵȻȥѩǸ̻ĸ᳤Ͷ¾ָϯӢ˵ԼĲȴʩ
ʲʲô
Ӣòִɳϵɴ۾˼ɻؿԼĸס
ԼɷɱˣȴҪȥǸ
ֻǲƽϢǸطŭ𣬴Ӷⱻľޱ䲨
ӢٴοڣΪ
طֻɱԡ׺˵ĻӢֻš
ϾһˣͷĹ⻷طҶ֣ԲŹط磡
ڣطշ顪齫Ϊطã
һ£²ط翪ڣΪֺط磬ԻҳֵĻǽǻҵĩգ
ΪΪʲôôˣ
ӢĻѹûȥôε⣬֮ͬǰܻܵһɬʼ硣
Ӣ״밲ο䣬¥´ʻ֪ˣû˵ʲô첽߳鷿
Ϊ̻Ļ᳤²֪˽ľޱ䣬֮ǰѾͻӢڵ绰﹵ͨˡϴһµľ
ΪˣӢ¼֮ûκηϻֱǰѩı
ʮӺ
ٴλص
طѩ㱾ҪȥϴϢ߽˱Ϩ֪ˣʵ壬ǻ𣿡
ţ
ȻطĻһȻؿط磬ǵģشʦҼӢͻ᳤̻ҪС㡣
ţ
ѩԣһ뵽ʲôֹ
ǵǷӦģýɡ
ѩ㿪ڣطһڻҰָʾֽõѩ㻪̻ḱ᳤Ͷ¾ָϯ鹢ڻ
õģشʦ
Ȼ˳
һӺŻӢ˱طѩ㶼û
ãѩ㣬λδطɣ
վɳԣطѩûͻӢû˿һڵЦݡ
ˣαװɵأط

Цһһʱ֪λӦ
Ϊ̻Ļ᳤ҲǴⱲûеŸ˵Ǹ
죬ŵǸˣطֱӿ
ǸС㡣
ӢΪ׼ҺԵʣط˽ҪԶԶ£֪طǿ磬ʶæڣǵǸȻֲ̻ѡٵʱΪƱͳƳ⣬СѡھΡ¾ʱСϻᵣθ᳤Ͷ¾ָϯ
ȷƱͳƵ⣿طʡ
⣡
ٴطĻܵطеɭǿƣӢŵͷһԥһ£æֵԡԲΪŮŮղ»ԱЩ»Աȡ˶СͶƱСѡ
޻᳤̻涨᳤Ͷ¾ֳԱҪѡٵģôڿɶ¾ֻˣ
ѩ㿪ˣûӢǽĿͶ¡
⡭
Զԣ³̵ȷӦѡٵģֻҪ¾ֻͨˣνѡֻ߸
ԲС㣡Һ޻᳤ԴھΣרǰǸϣԭǣ̣ٿ˶¾ֻ飬ȻרΪ½һѡ١
ӢһοڽͣѾܷƽϢطŭ𣬹ؼҪѩ̬ȡ
£ӢֱӽҼϺͽȥιѩӣϹ
ַʽڣ
֪ǵ̬תʹ˿һУΪˡ
ԻӢϴѩ㿪ˣƽȴûӢһľĸо
ΪһУҺܸжǻҵְ̻Ҳϡһ׷˵Ĳƾҵȫְ̻


1088 еħ
ıѩ󣬵ûӢһͬһǵĶը죡
ΪϨطŭΪ˱ⱻޱӰ죬Ƿ˴ĽϣŵǸǶû뵽ýķʽѩ̻ᵣθ᳤Ͷ¾ָϯʱѩ㾹Ȼؾܾ
棿
һ̣Ƕˣ̻ѡٵʱϯ̨ϵΡ
޷ǰΪȫ̽Ů¹Ůӣѡһ̣˶ֻͳĿ⡢Цݡ
Ҳ֪Ϊ˲μѡ٣ǰŮӷİĻᣡ
һǿڸĸ״绰ʱίöޱӡ
ǸŮǺεȵĽ
ֻˣֵǷݰǣ
ˣȨҼУ
ʱҼҪȡطɣؼҵĻԼʱֱºݻҼִˣչұûκιϸ
ȥҼӣ
ѩ㡭
ݵ𾪹ͼٴοȡ
Ϳͣ
Ȼ
ӭ֡
طشµĻ
طʱյĵλøعŵĴӣô¡Ӣݣ
֮˽ֻÿѩ̬ȡ
ѩԸǰӣԵʲôûз֮øºͻӢ˵һ䡣
ৣ
µɫٴһ䡣
Ϊ᳤̻ʱԴ
Ȼ
Ȼǧ㲻ǸǰܹҰȻһƽȥҲ޿κΡ
ǰǣһƻܻţ
ͬʱӢҲһȻ
ѩѡԤϣطǿҲԶ
λشʦˣԼأҰǶȥˣ
򡭡ˡ
Ӣɫѿ˵һ䣬ɽ̬ŵúܵͣͼַʽȣȶ١
£¶һۣȻת뿪
֪λǵһᶯ˱ǡ
󣬾͵Ӣ¼ߵſڵʱطһοˣŵûӢˤڵأ֮ǰҵȷǴôΪ۲ǹ˵飬гر
ΪѩղǷҸıˡҲʲôһѩƾԼŬﵽǺ̻ĵز
طĻûӢΣͬʱ̲סаԼСߵһ
ᣡ
һ̣мͬʱӿ˴𰸡
ǿûҺطĳƾѩҵ츳̽ĶˣҲ£
һͬʱӢûٶ˵һ仰ˡ
شʦС㣬ӦòˣͻȻѧµĸҸطչء
Ӣ뿪ͻȻڣѧǼ٣طѩ¶ദĿռ档
õģ塣
ѩδơ
ԣҲطѵõĶ硣
ѩĻٷϻֱ뿪˱
ɽղź磬ð
ǰŸߣѩˣһݵؿط磬ūҵĶ챻ڻˡ
ѩĻѩһݵģطһͷߣѹկˣ㲻ȥϷǻȦʧ
ȥϷ
ѩһʣǸо·һ㣬ֻǵЦݳ
һǾ̽ʺ㡣طЦá
ɽΪʲôôİô֪һԵ̽Ķأ
ѩգĴ۾ֱؿط硣
Ϊ㰡ط˵
ᣬ֪ܶˡԵķϣҸ۾ѩԣЦͬʢĻǽһá
á
طȻ֪ѩҪʲôϷϲѩ㵥ദõĸо
ۿط˫ۣѩվߵطǰ˫ֱ󣬸ΣŬԸе촽طȥ
һǣѵˮͬʱ˵һ΢΢һ
һǹط۾ûһѽѩ§뻳УǵѪζȥϴ衣
ţϴԡֻԡ裬ȥˮѩ䲻ҽѧ㳣ʶǶġ
á
طЦЦûоܾѩġ
ԼĪʮӺѩźˮط¥¥ϴԡ䣬ȻһܴĺɫԡףɺüˣһиʩһͥȪ
طѵȾѪ·ûֱӽԡףԡϴһϵѪȻԡ
ط̹ñ˫ۣȻͻȻԡŴ򿪵
ţ
طһȻѩŶ롣
ƹ£ѩ㻻һɫ˯ȹ˯ȹǲ˿ģعճħġ
ң˯ȹЩ͸ѩ硢ԸеĽ֡
ΪҪǣ˯ȹȹں̣ܶոոǹѩĴȸ𪡢ֱȫ¶˿֮С

ͻһĻط羪õɴ۾ڵ·һͷħҪǵ
ɽ㲻㣬ūϴ
طǷɵģѩ㽿εεһЦȻط棬ȥϵ˯ȹ
һ̡
ѩԸеĽسطǰ
䡪
ɲǼ䡣
طѪеħ


1089 
ɼ㣬ѽҹʱ֮ྩոӭ硣
գĵλɽĻ֯ܲܲڵ԰һƬ塣
ļʱÿ컹οͻ＾֮ͺټˡ
һΪ˵̫ƫƧ̫ңһľɫ֪Ļʼ԰ҪһЩ
Ȼο˵أ֯칫ҲΪ½أʿվڣϽ롣
˿̣֯ܲεİ칫
ʦ񰡣СӾȻĵµ񻰣
һ˵
Ϊִ֯Ե֯鱨Ѿ֪һС
֪ڵȥɱط磬ط練ɱʱֱ˾ξˣ
ֻͨҹȥжϳ޾ԣҲû뵽ȻԻɱԡƻЦҡҡͷЦúǿġ
һֱΪط磬Ϊط󽫻ῸѧĴ죬ۣ֮Ϊȫһͻ񾳵ˣ
һսζطźԵʬǣ֮˼ʵһȫǿУҲչˣ
ˣСڻɱ֮󣬲Ѵ֮շ飬ھֺѧ֯ҶʵüٴοڣȻܼ
һˣѹڻʷֻȼ˿
ţСȻ˺ܶഫ˵һΣȷʵǷʱܹؼƻĵͷϿ˵
ʦ˼ǣ
һµʲôҿ϶
ĻһЩţ񽫻½ˣҺڰȱݵĻҩҲƳɹˣһĻȫ޷ģɾ޴
ƻ˵ţϵЦݣ¶ڴСӣʸ׳̨̨ܷǣܽһϷݵʲô̶ȣҺڴ
Ҳڴţ޷Ϊ̨ǣһΪΧҶЩ˵جΣ
յͷͬһڴ
Ϊִ֯һЩ鱨֪ܣ֪Զȱ渴ӣֻΪĳЩԭγһƽ⡣
ŻҩճƽҲƣĴҪˣ
뿪ƻĵİ칫֮ռֱͣӲͨҶĵ绰
Ҷͽָһ£ûȤ
绰ͨչ԰ڵǸо·طͽܣҶͽܡ
Ѿ˵ˡ
ܿ죬յͲдҶɺƽƽҲż޷εļϲá
Ϊĵɳˣ
Ѿ绰˰
ԣƵһﲻѧ飬ʲôȣУҵø绰թƿę́Ǻúúһ
ãҰѲ˹ܹ
ҶЦŻӦȻʲͣճ֮⣬Ĺȫ˳ȥͨžЩʿˡ
ţϼ
˵ţֱӹҶ˵绰
ûиҶĴҪ罫ܵҳϢ
һ棬ҶѾԶȦӣΪҪǣҶط񻰵Ľϲ֮У

ͬʱ
ŷĳϳǱڰҪݵ㡣
Ϊڰ÷һ߰Ĵ
ΪȫĴڰ鱨ȫѷɫһЩνĴǿ÷弸һʱ֪顣
飬ͬ޴𶯣Ϣ֮Ĭ˺ܾá
û뵽ǸĺӾȻɳô죬Ѿɳܹɱս۷ǿߵĵز˶ԭӦһ̨ǵһ콾ȥ˶֪ϢһܵشţԲ֪Ϣ
󣬴İƣ÷̧ͷŴ컨壬
˶֮ǰɽׯɱط磬طһŭ֮Ѫϴɽׯ˶֮⣬Ȯ
˶Ҳɥ֮Ȯһߣ
Ϊ˶еװܣҲĳ裬޴Ĵ
һ£˶֪طµ񻰣֪ܷµĴ
˶˵ûǸСӵ书ءǿ󡣵֮һҪ취Ūʱǿ书ȱĻҩڰؽ߸ĸ֣Щص˳Ҳ޷ֹһУ
˵÷¶ʤЦݣ·Ѿ¹˹ڰͳһĻˡ
ط硭
ֻǰ¹˹ӣΪ


1090 ˵ĵǣԾ
ɼɱ鳤ϡźԣշ飡
ҹһϢͨѸٴȫѧ͵ʮ
ôģ
ǰֱšԿս۷ľǿߣطȫѧϲͻսڣôɱ˺ԣ
ϢʵֻһֿܣԵȫѧϯƻشʵ󽵣пͻսڣ
֮࣬۷׷ף˲ţҲ侲۽зҷͷͷǵӽࡣ
ٸԡ
Ϊ͢ʥŮİ֮ͬһصԼķ䡣
ʥŮǽռڻطĶ̬
һɫ۵Ůһʱ佫һϵݸ
ÿҪĹҲǰ飬˿á
š
ͷȻӹʼǱԣ׼ط¶̬
ʥŮطһ£䶯硣
Ůԥһ£ǰ͸֮гŲ˼飬ƺϢʵԡ
Լȥɡ
ŮĻǱèצһ£òУûŮ㱨ǾԼڴ˷ܵϢ
ǣʥŮ
Ů˳ȥع˷š
Ȳشϵĵ棬ط¶

󣬰Ů˵Ĵ£ſӣС죬ԲĴ۾µϳ𾪡
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ŮղѾ͸ˣһ׼ȻϢĿɿڴ
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𾪹󣬰Լˣֵɴ۾ϸؽĵݿһ飬̲ס
װİ𣿡
Ӧһº͡
̻˹ǡڴ˿˰ķ⣬ûֱŶ룬ȿѯʡ
̻ʱ£ڡ
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Ӧ̻˹߽䣬ϲ𾪣ЦŴȤװİոյ֪˻ط飿
ǵģ̻ʱ£һж𣿡
ͷȻֿʵǸо·ֱ˿̶ЩϢʵԡ
Ȼġ
̻˹ͷȻֲһΣĺ䶯ȫѧھҪ󣬼ĸ߲㣡
⡭ôţٴξŴ͡
ǵģΪκһңκһ˵һս۷ĸֶ޼֮οʮꡣ׼ȷ˵ֻжʮꡣ䣬ʵеĴϧȥ£
̻˹˵ЦϧǴѵĻᡣ
̻ʱ£ⲻǣѾˣֻԸ⡣
ԣ̲ס̾˿
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µһԸòϣǸ˵ȷнӽ͢£ʱ
Ϊ¶Թࡣ
̻˹״ȻЦʵô᲻ʥŮĽȥӽ׷أ

̻˹Ļһһ죬ûлػ
ȥǲȥ
аԼ
ûд𰸡
һ䷿
Ϊʥʿ͢ӶӳɪɫŶߵʡ
ģʵΪʲôô죿ôģ
ţţɪ̲סаԼ
ûд𰸡
峿ӳɪԭӢӣ˿ؿЩŤüͷšһӿſ̹ĵĺ⣡
ͬʱ
׶Ҳոӭ糿
ɼʱ˸СʱһСʱ
׶ٹͬһԼ鷿ŽҪļȫش顣
طɱԺշ飬ҲС
ʱֱסˣȻĬĬطеĲϣһǵϺ¶һ˿ûڡǸСһôɳô죿ѵĴˣ
Ĺ£Ҫ
ӦٹĻ㱨վſڣŹϵʿ

ٵͷȻһ
ݿĴһֻһ鷿
һİɫȹͬͯŻֵĹ
װģѾ֪ǸСһˣԿĵһֻС񡣡һĻٹЦ
װĸΪʲôҪأţҺܿģҪٰһС͵ľۻᣬԴף顣ݿЦػӦ

ٹɫЩѿ
ǼžݿطϽһصҪݿˡ
ӢӢŷᣬ˽֪
ط糹׳ɳˣΪøȿֺõģ
ݿҪΪ˶ٰۻף
ⲻǴ
װĸ𣿡
ٵı仯ݿЦݲĵʵǲǺܺڵҺװķһأ
ȡȡ
ûлش𣬲ٹֱӸɿַ֪ʽʾݿҪǹԼİûںΡ
װĸˡ
ݿģȻ󻰷һתʵôͬҺһ𣿡
ݿװĺӣڴܽӢһ쵽ҽΪֻ񣡡
һ̣ٹˡ
£ٹǲõЦݣеĿ⣬ݿסˡ
ԺﲻɵֳһϵĻԡ
Ծš


1091 ֯
طɱһ¶ȫѧɵĺ䶯ͳԶʤȫ硣
ǻѧ磡
䡢Ժӥ˵֪һսĽ֮ɵۣȻֱӱչء
һ̰桢䣬ֱƣһղ뻯ڣһղء
ྩĳĺԺ
ΪѧЭ᳤ʢҲӵϢ
ڽ绰ʱΰԣһ
үүⲻܰɣطȥǰܻɱ۷ĺˡоһ
ۿʢҶϵ绰ΰһ˼˵
񻰣е񻰣ڹŴѧ綼񻰣ʢЩ˵
һսطʽȫǿУҲѧҫ
һ£ѧЭĻ᳤ܲ

ΰֱ
ԺвֳȥʱϷ¾طݺݽѵһ١
Ӧ֪ȥΪжô޴˰ɣ
ʢ״һֱӽôҸ˵طϺ;֮ҲָΪѧʲô裬ֻܺúõظѧˣҪ춪ۣ

ΰһͷߣһֻպХ
һ̣λྩֱĴ󡪡ʲôʱزãƫƫط֮սʱأ

üɡ
ΪüһʦĲϼЩŵؽųʦ̫ķ䡣
ԭ书֮ڶüɵĵλһǧɣʦ̫ɷ˶Դ
Ȼ
̩ɽ֮й󣬳ʦ̫Բϼַ̬˾޴ת䣬Ȼòϼһӵ飬òϼ߷̡
Դˣϼףʦ̫Ϊط̫ˣҪһ˵йˡ
ѡ
Ϊʦ̫طϳԱֳ㳾ʦ̫˵Ҳһ
㿴㣬Żŵʲô
ʦ̫ϼһŵش±ͷѵ
ʦʦˣ
ƽʱϼʦ̫𣬾Ҵһȴȫû£Ȼһδģ
ʲô㾪Ѳˣʦ̫ӲˣͬʱҪҪϼԼ
ʦطǸɱ˺ԡ
ɶ
һΣȲϼ˵꣬ʦֱ̫ӾôӵϵĻиղŵĵŭ
աոսӵϢطźȥɱشˣ
ϼٴοڣ֮ǰȷϹϢ׼ȷԣ˿˵Ȼһֻĸо
ô
⡭ôܣ
ʦ̫Ҳúܻˣɵһ㣬վԭأȻ󲻶ҡͷܣԲܣ϶ǼϢ
ʦʦһʼҲΪǼϢͨ̽ȷġңѾڻȫѧ紫ˣ
ϼٴοڻӦжôϣǸϢ޷ˡ
Ŷ
ٴϼĻʦ̫ӼȾлع񣬻ָ˼ǣϸһһʮظҡ
ǣʦġ
ϼҵæʦ̫㱨
ӺŲϼȻֹž
ʦ̫ĵϣüͷɫأһԡ
һĻŻ˲ϼ
ΪûпԼʦıء
ܿ죬뵽һ¡
̩ɽ֮ս֮طŻѧͷ棬Գʦ̫˵һ仰գҵ޷㣬õĽұصٶü̶ֽüѧ
ʦڵطǸٶü𣿡
Ժֳ︡ط統˵Ļϼһ̲סԼ
ǵġ
ӿֳ˴𰸣϶

طɱԶԣط粻һһշ飬ȫ𶯸
ԻĵЩΪԣ
طһʲô紵ݶһЩ䶯Ĵ飬Խ塢Ϊ׵ĽǶ΢Ⱥһģ죬Ǹ΢ȺһƬš
չ󣬻ĵЩ磬û淴֮ģ
Ϊǵ£֪飬΢Ⱥ˿֮ӿֳһͷ
֪طεΪŻ˽ˣ
ǿ鰡
ȫĴ֮һ
ط粻һһշˣ
ԣǵʲô
طҪշǣǸúȥδӣ
Ůֵܹ
һеͬʱ̲סаԼĵϾǳݺͰĽ
ҡҡͷϵıʼǱԣȻͬܶҹһ½̳
֪طɱλǰʮĺܹ֮ʲôز
ܿ죬ʼǱĻʾ˰̳ҳ·ȥ̳طɱԺշӡ
Ψһ⡣
Ǹӱ졢ö
ڽƳ񡣡
ӵ֡
ʲô
Щɻص㿪ӣȻȻһλ
֮ǰĳ֯༭ȱʵԣ˳ϵǿû¼Ϊ˽⵽ǿߣ֯ڽƳ񡯣ð񵥽¼оǿߣһЩΪ֪
֯
֯ʲô
¿λ֯еľɸŨȻԡ
û뵽˵еĽ֯ȻĴڣ
д˵ûн֪֯飬֪٣
ս֯˵кܶǿߺǽ֯Ҳ֮һɣ
ڴ֯ųô

һһԣ²üͷ
ЩϢϵǿԶеĸֻ࣬Ǻܶûгѡ
ڴŶ
Ƭ̹¿¥Ļ̲סаԼ
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ڴ


1092 ӵ
ɫʱطͬһ׼ʱ
һƬڣط뻯ڣԶͨ˿ɱȣڹ΢Ļ£ҲܿΧһС
ؿѩ㴩Ǽɫ˯ȹԼĻУԴѹԼı䣬ǰצһ㱧Լ
˵ֻ֮е˯ȹ͡ԡûʲô
֮⣬ѩ۰׵Сָطؿڣһֱѹطϡ
һУøոѵط磬Ѫһ󷭹
طûͷеħֲѩѩ׵ȡ
Ȼ
˯еѩһȻʶ̧ȣٴѹط·
طֻٴβ
ѩ㲻ãٴѹϡ
󡭡
㲦ѹĦ
ط
ѩ˫۽գȣѩװ˯
ϾѩǰƵġ
Ǳȸɱ۰
طηֻѩԸеĴѹԼֵܣԵظ̾һȻͼ۹۱ǡǹģһ·ŵӰһ㣬ϵԺ︡֡
ѩ㹲ԡĻ档
׼ȷ˵ѩΪˣж㣬ΪϴĻ档
ѩѵ·ؽԸеĽչطǰʱطħݿسǵ˲һ˸еķӦ
Ȼ
ѩһ䡰װɽҪǵԼǿŽѩԵĳ嶯ͷħ¹ؽǵ
ΪӦѩ㣬ҪѩһġҸĻ񣬽ѩĵһĵ졣
طƾǿ־Կڹѩǰѹסħѩľٶط
š
ǵѹկˣԸеСȣ㣬ˮ£ȻŽԡء
һ̣طֱѪԴоѾﵽ˸߳
Ȼ
ʵϣǰϷ
װɽ㲻Ҫϴ
ԡ֮еѩ㣬żġɬ˵һ仰Ȼ۰׵С֣ʼΪطϴ塣
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žաħĺ͸߹ʵѩ㣬غطһԡҶطǰطߣطŵϵ㣬ͨ峺ˮԸн
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˫ַطÿһ䣬Ϊطϴ裬ҶطصϴԻ࣡
ȻַһҲרҵԡҺϴˮ㷴ˣȴطըѣ
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ըѣ
ѩŪطֵܵʱطеħνԼ׵Ժ
طʲôҲûǲ룬Ϊѩһ顣
ǱˮС
˴ʡһ֡

Ļ棬ط˿Ѫڡ
֮£ֻسû˵ֱۣȻѩֿ
ڰУ˯еѩץץץ˸գȻһط磬̵ͦȫ˯ȹڵسطǰγһԵĻȡ
ˡ
ԭͽط磬һĻһ䶯ƾǿ־ŲĿ⡣
ȻϢ´ԣԡ˸ˮ裬Žǹ𳹵ѹȥ
һУط绻·߳͸ţȻһͣڱſڡ
ھֵĺع˯ˣعڼʻλϣ𶢿ء
Ҳⲿִڵϰߣһ˶ءһ˯ػڡ
ţ
عһʱ俴ط磬ͷҲصضͬ˵ѣˣ
ৣ
ΪھֵعǶּѵѸķӦ;ԡعһʱ˫ۡ
һˣôʲô
عҲһ۾Ϳط磬Щƺɻֹһ䡣
ƣΪط˯һҹ
ɻΪط籧ѩˣӦһһҹ´Ŷԡ
֪ӣҪ˵ʲô
عʵشţĿʼոط磬ؿط߳ǵ
顪
ͬعԤϵһط羶ֱߵǵԣ˳
Ϻãط
عжطԹľսضһҹط磬ǵһʱ¶Ƶ΢ЦطĿҲ̺޷εľη
תǵĳ٣ûǩ֤֤Ҿ뿪Ļ˰Ұһ¡
ط΢΢һЦ˵ԼĿģȻΪѵĻҲͽķ֮󣬽ī磬Ȼī緵ػġ

طĻھֵعͳͳɵˡ
һֱϽΣ뾳
طȴҪǵ˾ӦǾ߹ȫľͷΪЭǩ֤ͨع
ңǳв


1093 
һ̣ھֵعǺڵĲţǿĹȣǰԶˣ
ǼΪŭ
Ϊû˸
ЩȫΣаǰˣ𾴺ͼɵ
Ȼ
Ȼŭޱȣֻзŭҽŭ¶ϣһӲЦݵصͷõģھͽ뷨ϱǵ˾
лл
ط΢ЦŵлȻתرԺӣϥڲƺϣʼڤ
ģһ̫ˣ
һĻعСֹ
ǰֱûнǵĹҷ
عͣȻЩ죬ֱǶңͷĴпܻͬҪ󣡡
عĬҲͬ뷨
뷨عóֻͨ˶ͷ˾ĵ绰
ͷղŻطǽ̸㱨
绰ͨعһʱ佫طĻԭⲻػ㱨˾
ʲʲô
ȻعĻ㱨绰ͷھСͷĿʱŭˣֱ쭳໰Ļ쵰ﵱɻôôɷɻȥأ

عĬܹԼ˾飬ͬʱ²Լ˾й֮󣬾Իһʱ㱨
ҵ֪ͨ
·Ϊӡ֤عжƵģھֵͷĿܿٴοˡ
õģͷ
عӦȻֻȴ֪ͨ
ʮӺ
عֻˡ
Ǹ޳ܵĻ쵰Сʱɼϸ۵ķɻ뿪ǻΪƱ⣬˽͵ֱϷɻ뿪
绰ͨͲﴫھСͷĿŭ˼£Ǹо޲һǹطͻͻˡ
Ҳֻ룬ĻҲ˶̵ʱΪطЭһС
˾һЩȫţط統һʱ佫ߣ
õģͷ
عӦЩŹ֡
Ȼµһ˾˵Ʊ֮ŷ֣ЩطľηԶʤͬ飡
ȥȥ
ع֮ǰ˾Ѿ֪˽عֻʵ
ȥɡ
ع̾˿Ȼ³ǰš
ৣ
ƺϣط˫ۣĿͶع
طǵ˾ͬҪСʱĺ뿪ĿĵϸۡعǿĵĲˬ˵
лл
ط΢ЦлȻٴα˫ۣڤ롣
Ƭ֮󣬺մӶߵĵƽ¶ԴһƳϼᴩʡ
طӭųϼ߶غʱʱɱ񣬿ھֵع۵СۣǸо·ʶԷʲô
ǣرһĻ֮󣬶һɻ
ļȫûһصԵ书
壬һҾ뿪ˣҪ鷳㱣ѩ㡣
طĵ˫ۣվ΢Ц˵
ְڣ鷳֮˵
Цȴףط羡뿪ǵġ
ȻⲿŲûжطֵ˼طĳұϾ̫ˡ
һ£ط糤ʱΣϵӡ
ͬʱҲ֪طɱԡշ飬ĹѶȽ󽵵͡
ʮӺطͬ߳˱Ժӡ
ѩ㻹ڳ˯ط粢ûн
ţ
طعǰХһһ˹˹ƺɼ
׺ǰרΪר
شʦҪ𣿡
ͣ£˾³Ϊţƿ³첽ߵطǰعطϹ
š
طͷ
شʦ뽫Ĺ㱨
ԥһ£˵ͬʱһعڳĻЩ˵
û㱨ˣҼȻѡ㣬Ȼ㡣
طҡҡͷһ˫أҲԼ£ҳ۶ӡ

û뵽ط˵һȻʵشʦȥ
ãھѾΪҹ˻Ʊǩ֤ңλعὫ͵ط΢Цžܾ
ৣ
طĻعɫ䣬ֻñط統һ⣡
ľ
޷ط絽һеģ
֪طǵһִΣ
ͬʱãѡط統ҲⱲӢľ


1094 ɥ
ϸ۵شϵ齭ԶϺذ϶ʡ϶ʡüи齭
ϸһٵĹʻУŦԼ׶زΪŦ׸ۡȫģҪĹʽڡóסĺ͹ʴ¿ƼģҲȫɾ߾֮һмGaWCΪһ߳еλ
ϸۻǻĻ֮أѻǻƶƺ϶ΪһõΰɵľϵƵķС֮顱ʳá͡á
ϸ۹ʻæĺո֮һȫ򳬹100Һչ˾ڴӪλȫλ߾ȫλ
ϰ˵ʱһܴӶ˽˷ɻ׼ʱϸ۹ʻ䣬Ȼ˻׼õͣλ
ͣλԣͣһǱS600һǱγ
S600Ϊϸ۵̫ӵĽںλϣűʼǱڿϼŵĲƱ
ΪĶӣմСƷѧţѧʱǰ¹飬Ⱥڵ¹Ĵѧ˶ʿʿǹ̹רҵ
Ϊڵ¹ѧܶ꣬Ա۽γжӣͬʱҲѧ˵¹еϽ
ǷϽܸ׽ϲأҲܹΪϼŽӰԭ
٣ɻˣӺ󻬵
ͻȻһ´ţϹ򽯸ջ㱨
š
ͷصʼǱԣ³վڳԣȴŷɻͣȣȻȥӭӽĿˡ
ԣϸۿоϸµĲƱȻϼžӪڵ⣬ǺҪ顣
ԣҪĹӭӴӶϵϸۣμϸ۾̳λˡȻ¾͡
ǽԸ´񣬲һǿͷйȫ飬Ҫ֤λ⡣
ڽȻܡ
һ棬ֻҪһ첻˾Ļһᵱ̫ӣ۲۵ִкýÿһ
һ棬ԼĸȻ¾ˣȫΪǱط磬Ǹűܹûĵ𶯵Ļ̸
飬Ҳţе𾪵ͬʱҲͬһط˾η֮ġ
ӺڽյĵȴУһ˽˷ɻȵͣ˲Զͣƺϡ
Ǽ˽˷ɻڰۼ£ŰǰרȻ̳УΪͳ¾еר
ܿ죬ɻŴ򿪣ǷֵӰ߳Ȼͳ¾˸ں档
֮⣬
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ռ״æӭϡ
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뽯ղ죬֪λϸ۵Ľ̸˵˽ϼܹϴףʹΰȡƿؽϼֻʱ⣡
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ͬʱҲףôǰۼŵʵҲλߺ춥·ʶ׸ĸףΪط磡
С㡢С㡢ӭϸۡ
ܿ죬͡Ȼ¾·ɻ΢Цſڻӭû©
ܣ̫ˡ
뽯֣
ǰܣô鷳ӻأȻ뽯ʱ˵
ǶǽҵĹͣϸۣΪ֮ܲꣿ
ЦЦ֣Ȼ˵ƵѾˣȥƵȻȥϸóԵҹǿô
Ȼʢ飬ֻù㡣ЦЦ
ãҾϲˬˡ
ЦЦȻȴЩ桪ݽյϢط罫ɼ˻ǰϸۣѵΪ͡Ȼͳ¾˶
棬̼ߵĽգûе⡣

ͬʱ
ϸлһ֪
һŮһλϣòѾβ
еĴһֹƵĳ㣬ƤЬͷú룬һ۾ŽȲ
ʱʱŮԱŮ˵Ŀ⡣
ⲢƤҺʹ磬Ϊݡ
ɡ
ϸ۽ڽ̸̵С簮ĶӣδӰľѡߣ
ݣϸ۵ŮˡǧСŶȥȣ
˿̣ɶŮҲʲ
ƯԸеĺͳڵʣžµױݣŰ鱦һɫһʺõ壬òŮȻʧɫ
ǻա
ǵһ廪ҵǧС㣬ྩؼҴǵδޡ
Сգоô
ɶһƣҡţ⣬ʵһ䡣
Ϊǻյǰѣ
׼ȷ˵һֱŻա
ΪҺΪĳЩʷԨԴҵ֣ҳһĻ˶Ѿˡ
г徢͵ྩԺӵļ֮һκʱ˲ãɥӰ
սĿӴҹջأرܵӭɵĿ⣬ڻص
еɥǲǱˣط磡


1095 ؤʵۣ
ܹĿе˼Ҳ֪ɶԼ⣬ͬʱҲɻżȵĺøУ˵һݾ顣
Ҳ֪ΪͥԭⱲӲߵһ
οѾǵδޣؼңΪؼϱһɳ죿
Ŷ
ӦһһĨʧ䣬ȻΪǷʧ䣬ʵеɥǸúаؼӵܣҲõܣ
ţǸɥǣδΪȨƵ֮һյͷ֮кκ⡣
һ졢ô飬ȻܹȻػڣϡ档
ҡͷ˵ط磬ط粻Ǻ˽⣬˵мȥ˽⡣
ԣطͷûؼҵĹ⻷ߵϣֵȥһۣ
ȷʵϡ档ˣǸɥǵҲҪμӾ̳㷽ĻһҽѵһǸȻСˡ
ͬĿȻ뵽ԼڶμȻط統ΪȻͷݺ顣
Ǽ飬֮һʼ޷
á
һܸɴشӦ
֪ȻǰۼڵĶ¾ϯĸŮԣûʻΪʲôҪѵȻ
ΪΪʲôڻǰչֳԼţƵһ棬²ܾ鸴ȼֻҪնĴ氮ĽԸٴκ˯һŴϣˡ
ǸС˾˵طǸɥǵСˣطǸɥһͷβСˣ覴ñرԼ˶Ź
ۿɴӦ˸ɴ࣬ѵҽѵС˵ĻһЩҪ¶ˣñطɥ鷳
٣ϸۣ鷳
һмȫûнطϣ⻰̼Щջ
ռ״ûٶ˵ʲô
һ棬˽ɣ֪һλǳĴ١
һ棬Ҳ֪Ҳϸ̽ģڻȫӰȻطҵ鷳ֲô
СգȻҲ֪δôᱻǸطȣطǵϸۣţǻţ
·Ϊӡ֤յжƵģٴοڣǽһһ
һ̣һʵϸѾع黪ĺܶˣ
֪һ£Ǹؼҳ꣬ѾԹ߳ţұȫǿⲿżɵҵһ㹧뾳

ͬʱ
һɼϸ۵ķɻзС
طͷȲա
ţЩطԤϡ
㵽ⲿžԸһʱ뿪Ϊһû뵽ȻͷȲա
֪ǣھưͳԻп˵Ȼط̬߲ѣҲԸط磬ƱʱֻʣͷȲˡ
֮ͨ뿪һΪ˷㣬һҲǱⲻҪ鷳ΣաⲿźͳпˡֶԸġ
ĻЩ붯Ҳõɻ
һĻȴǵĽǻĵŭ𣬻֯Ի᲻ϧһд۽ǸӵĨȥ¶ԷǺڰᣡ
Ϊ˱ⱻɹ￴طûд߶غڤ룬ֻǱ񣬵ԱߵԴϷɻ֮һֱ졣
֮£طַֻۣһݱֽؿͷϱǼٿġϸ۾̳˴ξ̳ĹģͲμԱ
ţ
ܿ죬طڲμп͡Ȼͳ¾˵֡
֣΢΢һ
ܺҵλ𣿡
طΪϸ͡Ȼͳ¾㶵ͬʱһͻȻ
һŮˡ
ŮƯŨױһƣˮζ̱ǡ
Ϊʲôطʡ
һֵζšֱԲ䣬üͷ
ط絭Ϊʲôλأ
Һһ𡣡
ŮԴǵ·ط绻λӦõġ
ɲ
طҡҡͷȻ⣬С㣬ϵˮζҲš
㡭
Ůɫһ䡣
գûҪ˼ʶ
ʱŮһװĵȰ
Ů˺ݺݵطһۣȻջĿ⡣
գǲҪμӾ̳Ͼٰʢ磿װʵ
ţȥ׸ˡ
Ů˵ͷȻ̧ͷͦأһؿطһۣǸо·طе٣ͬؤʵۣ֮


1096 Ů乷
ϸ۹ʻչ1988޵ڶĻ鼰չݣģձλάǸۣͻ鼰չ;֮⣬ﻹǼƵꡢ칫¥ͺԢһ
˴ϸ۾̳ϸ۹ʻչľٰ죬λԱͳһڻչĵǼƵס
ڶһ磬ϸ۹ʻչı߶Ⱦ䣬Χ˾ߣһȫװľɢܣϽκ˵ȿ
֮⣬вλԱʾ뺯ҽ֤Ͱ죬ܽ᳡
ŵӿʼ˵ӵʱдļغڻչ⣬ȴŲλԱĵͬʱܷɷõμӱλһЩ
ϸ۵Ҫ쵼ϸ̽Ĵ桪̣
˵㿪ʼ᳡룬½вλԱʼ᳡вֲλԱȺڰա
һ棬ַͨʽһҲͨƬ
Ͼϸ۾̳Ĺܸߣϸ۱쵼̽紫桢࣬йڵһЩ쵼̽;ѧѧߡ
ͣǴ游ǰλģ¾Ǵǰλġ
У͵ĸΪһǳҪĿأ뵱زЭͨ޷ȥ⿼ȥˣϲ
ȻǴǰλᣬͺͳ¾̬ȽȻͬ
ʹ˼ģȫûͨλѧʲôύʲô
ûá
¾Ǳѧϰ̬ģúЩ֪ѧߺ̽ĽӶԼ۽֪ʶ棬Լһ
Ȼͨطṩƽͷһ´Ӵɽ߳ĺӱ˰ڼŵCEOʵŮζȸˣûзŻŬĽŲһ˿и
Ϊ빼ط
׻˵̬Ⱦж
һֵ쾡¡
ΪԱξ̳ӣ˯˵ӲǱȻһһ绰ѵġ
ӣİ˵Ӷ˿ʼ᳡ˣ𴲣ҷ˾ţ֮㳳ѣ
Ȼͳ¾ڲͣͷѵ
ϸ۾̳ίİѹԽˣʲôèμˡ
һ̣ͻػһԵһ󣬵Ȼ¾С
ңԷڿ֮󣬺ԵؽĿͶȻ¾ˣǸо·²֪Լָˣ
˲Ǳˣɡ
մһ˽˶ƵİɫװɵԱߣһֿӱݵĿ⿴Ȼˡ
ৣ
ɼĻɺͻϷʵĿ⣬뵽յڶԼȻɫȻһ䡣
һƢá³侲ĳ¾Ҳüͷ΢΢һ
ȻҾҽûѵ˵˹
Ȼ¾˲ֱͬӿңһĸԱ˵Ʋƣ
ৣৣ
͵ķɣǻյɫһ䡣
һ棬û뵽;Ȼ͵ֱӿһ
ΪҪǣǻܻ졣
һ죬͵ĬһԹŮһӵسɸղҲ硣
СգŴй²ִбԶɲ˹壬
ջĿ⣬ڶԻ˵ȴȻ¾ˣǵϷЦ𽥴˼⡣
Ȼûػ֮ͣ¶ŭ⣡
ΪϸۣûĸӸ磬Ҹа壡
һûУ
㻹©һ䣬ԶܳΪվᱻ乬ˡ΢ЦŸͣìͷȷ׼Ȼ
ţСѵöԡ
ɺĬصͷ˵
֪ͣĸѾĳˣȴû뵽ҵ»֪᲻ҧ
һΣɵĻ䣬Ȼ㿪ˡ
ҲǸԿͱöࡣ
ΪҪǣóɶԼ˳˵⣬뵽ǵδطؼҵ
ৣৣ
ȻȻ𵽹Ļɺͻ˵ɫٴһ䣬ñ֮ǰѿͷŭɶ̲סҪİˣֹ
߰ɣұŪЩķˣȫûʳˡ
󣬲ɺͻ˵ʲô뿪
Ȼ¾ĬĬȻ뿪˲
ģǰﵱɹôţ
ȻȥıӰɺ޵â˸СգģȽƻʱһ֪ϸۣ
š
յͷڴ
ڴţɳһŭΪգݺݽѵȻ˵һĻ


1097 Ǳ
ӣе˭ôһ;͸˴һΪҪǣȻҹǸĻ滣
˲ȻȻЩ
Ϊ֪ԼˣΪϴǳ֮⣬̶ܴΪط硣
һֱؼų⡢طܲ⣬Ϊطе
һ㵽汻ˣԼļȴܴһҪԼ۸ͱӣӹ
СĶӣɣһûʲôµ竣Լĸ̵С̫ܳ谮ϸ޷졣
ͿڻӦֹһϸ۲μӻҲϸ۵һЩ̽гԹϸ̽
ԭˡ
ȻԣȻȻ󲻽üͷ
ΪСʱ˵ϸˣ֪ϸ̽һģʱһ涼ѡ
Ϊ˲ط鷳ǽǲҪǶԹŮһʶˡȻüͷżֵǵ
á
͵ͷͬ⡣
ط壬ʱΪֵ߲嵶ЩֵܵĴȥط鷳
ҲǸСĹ֮һ
˴طͷˣܵϳֱͣӴǸС
뿪֮ȻǻصԵķ˴·ļȻһͬ᳡ڡ
ʱѹ˰˵룬һĲλԱѾ᳡ˣȻغڡջﶼ󵽵ģ˿̣ûдﵽ
ǡ
Ȼ˽᳡ʱ򣬲ټ߶óеգмҪŻͲȥɷã˵һʱӿŲûнܲɷá
Щ׼ɷõļЩơ
ΪǿЩݡλرԺյĲλԱ˵͡Ȼͳ¾˸вɷüֵ
Ƕϸ۾̳ףǴλжھŵܶࡣ
˵ʮ֣ʻ᳡ڣǵһʱգȻͬŵèһ㣬ѸΧ˹ȥ
գֻϸ۵쵼Ϊϸ̽ĵɽ˲ɷãʱ̣ܶÿֻ˰ӡ
Уɽɷ֮صصȴĽһͬ˻չģȻһСͻ졣
˶ϸĳĴʶѾã˽ϵҲ൱ڶ绰ʺʱСһ¡
壬˵ྩؼֳһ粨ɶһ裬һڣʵ
磬˵ĸԣΪط磬һ졣
ط硣
̻˵֡
磬Ѿؼҳˣ㲻ؼˡЦЦ
ûӻ֪ڵȽĻ
磬ֳָķ粨ɣ̵ĵȴУ巴ʵ
š
̵ͷȻҽӵ˻Ӣĵ绰ڵ绰ңǿߺȥɱط磬ط練ɱûһһ
֮ǰӢŮŮֽطδޣҲྩλǧڻϻἴεְȡˡ
µŵǸ˱Ÿ˵طֱǿƵÿ¡
磬һǿơ
ͷ֮¶Ŷطη
ϣܹص˲࣬ҹֻһЩ졣
ȷʵֵء
ûзһ㣬˵⣬磬ҪҪģ
ʲô˼Щ¡
˵ĻǷȻ𾴣ע㿴ô΢Цʡ
á
̺ܸɴشӦͫ׶ȻŴüĿ֮ӿֳһ˿ȣǺ档
磬ղ˵ֳ粨ţһЩϸڣ˵Ϊ֪Ļ
һ˵ǣſ˵һػΪȫΣаǰʮΣͺֵУȥ
ڶִ֮󣬴ҡڵɼδѵ˻ӵܣֱ֣þͷ֮дв͹ȫľͷЭʵ赶ɱˣԳ
ȥˣˣ羳ɱѧе񻰣
ģշһܣΪƿ顣
壬뿪ʱھֵΪҹ˻Ʊһ·ǻ
û´Ļ˴֮У⡢³çʵ⡢ıһж֮У
£忴̡
Ԥϵһλϸ̽紫Ͽ𺳣
Ǳ졣
̻֮࣬³ĸ֡
ⳡľ֣ˡ


1098 ίߣ˼
άǸϸ۵;뵺֮ĺۣڸˮΪȻۣӵС֮顱ҹ֮
άǸһֱӰϸ۵ʷĻϸ۵ľúҵչϸ۳ΪʻеĹؼ֮һ
ҹĻ٣æĶɺСִϱ֮䣬洬֡۹⴬־ֺŵ֯һĺϷ¡
һҺͣάǸ۵һͷƻ貣һϳǱĿ⡣
һĺɫ̺ͷһ̵ֱּװ壬̺߰Żһ໥Գơ
ﶼʻڵƹɢ˵ķ㣬ǹɷƮɢӿǱУ
ϸ۾̳ʢ磬ϾСֽСʱʻͣάǸۣļװϲμӾƻᡣ
ҹĻ£һȺϲĺɫ̺ߣյӸֽǶֳ¼ƣȻϸ۵ֱ̨
۹£װƤЬеŮǴŸɫʽŸӡʽưµĸ߸һһߣ͹ģҲַͨʽ
ԸжŵĲͦصص֣ȻǩǽɷǩԼ֣ŪһƬ
һУǱᱻӭС㹧ա
һݻʢ磬Ҳһ׼ƻᡣ
Ϊϸ̽Ҫμӽʢ磬вμʢ̽඼ѡμӣлһЩѧѧߡ
Ȼһ˶ԣһĳԱࡣ
Ϊ˴ʢٰңصطſʢپڲμϸ۾̳ĲλԱϸۺͻĸظĸӵܡ
Ļһʮﲻ
Ȼ¾ȻԾƻûʲôȤǴ˴ϸ۾̳ĻĿ֮һòǰμӣΪҪߺ̺ʰһ
УȻһϵһֻഺֲʧ߹󡢴˲ΪʢڴЩӰʦĳеĸͣ
¾һ׺ɫĿʽйоأΪѳ¶â̽Ůʣһ˫¶ڿеȣͬӰʦĳ
ȶԣȻ¾ȻҲװģ˹ע
μӻ鲻ͬϵĻҲˡ
Ϊϸ۾ϻİȻ¾ͻΣա
ʾ뺯
ӰʦǷȻ¾һĹȻȺó뺯ڴĹԱȻ׼ߺ̺û뺯
ãҵıڡ
Ȼ״æͷԹԱ˵
С㣬˴ʢϼŸ죬ȫ̵İҺҵͬȷÿһλμӻԱİȫݻţμӻԱڡ˾ѽԱ
ţ
ԱĻȻüͷ΢΢һû˵ƺԥǷҪִμӻ
ͬʱΪξƻ֮һһȺϸ۹Ӹ硢ǧСӵ£ڡ
ɿڴһУҲ˹ԱĻûб̬
һŽȲǼЦǹıμĻȻҪߵĹȥ
ûˢôô
ȻԣʱЩջŭĿߵĹӸ磬Ȼ󲻵ȶԷػŤͷԳ¾Сûʵ˲μͬһƻᣬҾúۣܵذɣ
ԭͶԽľƻûʲôȤ飬¾ظ
СϢŭ
ȻȻĻܵȻǷݼһߵĹӸ翪ڻػЦӭϣȻԹԱС֪ܲĹأȻѾ˴ˣǾһȥɡ
ǣ١
ԱϹȻԽֳҪ飬ȷΣƷ롣
á
һʱͷΪԼԭȻ¾޷μӽĻͬʱҲ˵İΣʶͬ
Ȼ¾Ǻɵؿɡ
ؼǵãɽͻһ𣬶¶˵⣬ԲѷͺȻȺ˻ȥ
ûһǵûмǳ𣬷Ǳֳ顣
Ǿúܷ
С㡢С㡢롣
ɼ״Ȼ˿ڷڵĻᣬǰٴһƣߵ򼸺ڶˡ
һȻֻܳǰߺ̺ɡͨºĿ޷Ǵ
Сϴ
ȻһĻԥһ£Ǹı⡣
Ϊ֪ɱֳء֮ȥĻԻΪ۵Ľ㣬ᱻϸñӡ
ԼЩ⣬Գ¾Ӱ졣
Ͼ˶Ǵ־ĶִĻ־ĶӰġ
Ǹ˽ˡ
ĿȻ¾ͺϺ̺ϵЦ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮һЦ
αװЦݣȻˣֻѵˣǿڶͬʱҲǶֶԻյĳŵ
еϸ֣ҹӸ磬ҲǸղſΪꡣ
İɣ٣һǼһ޷
֣ۣȻıӰĿ


1099 С
ҹĻ֮ϸ۹ʻӭһɻ𽵵ĸ߷塣
Ϊϸ۵̸ϸҪ֮һĽ岢ûȥμӽʢ磬ϸۻӭͻ𽵸߷ʱ˻
صǰط硣
ԣӭط磬ɱȲμǸ֪νʢҪҪٱǧ
Ȼطɼϸ֮ǰδк˼Ǿӭط磬ַʽʾطء
ͬʱǵط粻һϲͷˣʶûصظкطǰຽͣλȥӻͨһڻӭط硣
ֻܽһڣϸǼĴڵӺý屨г֣ܶ˶֪
վǴһ㣬ʱ޿̶˵Ŀ⡣
ʲôˣܹýӻ
ΧЩ˽ĿͶͬʱҲɻ
ǿԽϸ۵ݡλϸ۵Ĵ̣Ҳ
ûд𰸡
ΧЩ˽ʾ֭Ҳ޷󣬶ôţƵĴſý
岢δΧЩ˵Ŀ⣬ֻվĵصȴš
ڽĵȴУطǼɼϸ۵ĺ࣬׼ʱؽϸ۹ʻ
ɻͣȣȿս㿪ڣ֮ǰԴط绻λŮˣһʱվ
һ棬ȥμʢ磬»ϲϣһ棬ҲطһĥطԶһ㡣
գżʢʼһСʱҵ˾Ѿˣ˻ֱֳü
֮ǰŮ˽̸꿪ˣϸ۱صĹӸ磬Ϊμӽʢصش˻
ŮһԽʢ缫ΪӣҪҫʱ
š
տյŮ˵ͷȻüͷҵǵĻϲʢ磬Ǿ̫ˡǰһûúôտʶˡ
˵⻰ʱȻûָգҲûȥط磬ͷȲյÿͶ֪˵ط硣
Դˣطûп
ûʲôֻΪ˿ϣйѪζ
ڿս΢ЦĹУϸ۹Ӹ磬ͬ£첽뿪˻ա
طΪ˱ֻӬһԼ˽Уصص˰ӣ뿪
ʮӺ󣬿յŮڻתÿյ񣬶ϸ۹Ӹ첽˻ڡ
һ·ϣȻſֺñӣȻ˲Ŀ⣬вϳǰҪǩ̬Įؾܾˡ
ţ
󣬾͵ϸ۹Ӹ߳ڵʱ򣬺ȻȺп˺ȺĽ壬һ
ҡȥкɣ
ݵ󣬿ЩضԵĹӸ
Ȼϸ۽Ůˣ뽯ݸʮǧֻһλ뽯干ͬμ磬˵仰㲻ʶ
ҲΪҪԵĹӸһ
ǹӸļϸȻֻҲų弸Ρ
á
ǹӸԭݿյĴ㣬յĻԥһ£ǴӴӦ

󣬿Ӹһͬߵԣؿڡ
ΪǾܹ뽯кһҫ

ϸۣ岻˲࣡
ԣɨһˣԺѸֳ˵ݣδڣֻĬĬص˵ͷ
̬ܽȺĮȻÿӸ缤ױȡ
ΪǶû뵽Ȼǵǣȴ֪ǴϰߡǼȺ˵ǶԼ˹Ŀܹסڵײʽ׽ܾ顣
Ҫʲôˣ
󣬿Ӹһͬ뿪Ȼһ⣬Ǿﲻѡ
Ȼ
龪ΪҪȥμʢ磬ûеŴ𰸽ǿ첽ͣȥ
ͬʱط˻ڡ
һ̡
ڳЩ˵ע£ѳΪȫĽ壬ǰһȻЦݣ첽طӭȥ

ۿһ꣬ΧЩͳͳɵۣһɶͷԵؿط磺˭Ϊʲôֵýǰӻ
ӭϸۡ
𰸽
ΧЩĿɿڴıУΪϸ֮һĽ壬վطǰϳЦݣطĿ޷εأη
Ϣͨ
طЦЦƺڽԼһҲе⡣
ݹ٣ǲ֪顢ӭӣǾ
ЦЦ˵úˮƽȱԼʵҲԼطء
лл
ط΢Цŵл
νֲЦˣοӻ
һֱطԽӡ̸϶ãҲ⡣
һλĽ̸ִ֪硢ˡ
Ҳǽܹϸ۵̸ôԭ
ˡ
ЦҡͷȻʵϸ۲μӾ̳֪𣿡
š
طͷʾԼ֪
ȥμʢˣ֪ǷҪȥȥĻ
忪ʵ


1100 ն
ҾͲȥˡ
طҡҡͷȻ͡Ȼͳ¾˾һ£μӻȥμʢĻܲʡ
ҸطȺȲ衢죿
˺ü׽Ӵطķۿط粻ȥʢ磬ڶ׷
á
طͬ˽İţ׼͡Ȼͳ¾˲μȥˡ
ڻЩ𾪡ĿУűڣط뿪ǰͣ
ͬʱϸ۵ĹӸ磬һγٸάǸۡ
ʮӺǳ˳ϵ˵طڹӸﻻһ졢Ըеһ˫߸Ь˲ױŵϵ̺
ȻǽͿλǣȴǳģֳļǷеš
һУǷΪطĲ쵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮ޱȵļ˷ܣϵЦݱȺ̺ĵƹ⻹Ҫ貣ǩ֮󣬰һPOSSӭСҪˣ»Ҫȥ
Ȼ
ֿʼʻִλڰ¥װĵڶƻֳʱǷݺʱƻˡ
ΪȻ·ײˡ
ײ£˭˭Ρ
ǳࡢġݡλȻһ
һײĽֱΪȻҶ
գ㴩·ÿӸ翴˿յƣæǰ
εЦЦûӻ޲˺Ӹ͡ĺĺ
գô
ʱ֣˹Ŀڿյϣеû˿Ρ
һ棬˯գ֪ڴһ
һ棬ȻֱͬӼǰڵʱҲ类Ȼпǲˬأ޲Ȼڿ¡
룬޷һ㣬˿̿պȴÿմȻ
֣١
Ӹ״æڵЦŴкףԼݿƻƿʵĻ滵Ůˣǲˡ
Ѿ֣ˡ
ûʸûʵΪϸ׼һ߹Ӹ֣Ůˣ
·Ϊ֤жһ㣬֣ȫʺ򵱳˷ƨ۶һۣĿȫ֣
֣٣ȥɼһ棬ոϻ
֣ǰкһеƱ嵭࣬΢ЦŻһ䣬ȻŪɧб֣һۣ֣٣ԽԽæˣһѵúءμ¶ء
Ҹطúһ¡
֣ЦЦȻĿʶɨһȻȻõ
Ǻðվ֣ǰ֣ٶۿһۣȴǸҴͬ·Ů
ռ״еָֻ˼֣˵̾˿
Ǹȣ
֣ԣ֪ճԴסˣæһ䡣
𣿡
Ȼ֪֣ںԼȻʮֿġ
š
֣ͷȻЦȻˣ㿴Ϸ£ǾǸˣ
ţ
ٴ֣ĻһһڴЦݡ
Ȼ֪Ȼε֣ȻˣȻ볡һʻҶĽɫҪԻˡȻΪжڵҶ
ӺΪͻ֮һɳˡ
ղţŲװһͻֳϸ̽紫̵Ĵ£Ⱥһ̽ࡢѧʺáˢƣЩ˶ӡ
ɵĵԭֵľƻֳ˲䰲͡Ȼͳ¾ڣ˵Ŀⶼۼϡ
ɺ־棬ͬһվھƻֳģЦŵλҸ˵ǶһȺˣͲˣԼú档Ҹдңϣܹ
Ҿһףҽÿģ
£ɽӹԱߵĺƣٱʾ⣬Ȼӣһ
һ̣͡Ȼͳ¾֮⣬˶׷׾ٱӦ
󣬵˷¾Ʊ֮һ֧ϸ۳ѾõֶӣϾƻǰʱ̨ʼıݡ
ӣС߰ɣȻ
ԭͲμƻᣬֻǵȱϯĻ͡¾־ɸӰ죬ӲͷƤġ
ۿ̵һ֮һҲԸˡ
á
ͺͳ¾ԼͬͷȻȻһͬվ¥ݿȥ
ͬӰһĿ⾯ɨܡ
Ȼڽƻֳ֮󣬾Ѿ۲ȷҵı֮⣬ΣǱõľϰߡ
ţ
ۿȻҪߣ΢΢ۣȻݸ֣һ񣬺ᣬһƣӭȻˡ
С㣬ƻſʼô߰
ܿ죬֣źƣסȻȥ·
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬˶ĿͶ˹
ʲô
ȻüͷһĿⲻƵض֣
ģС㣬֮ǰڵǴ˵˻Ϊ˱ʾǸ⣬ҾСһ֣˵ţҡҡеľƱû˿Ǹ⡣
ûȤ
Ȼ³֣Ȼֱ֣ǰ߹
ߣ
֣Цһֱ̧ţȻȹڡ
Ȼȹںֱܳ˵ϡ
Ȼں޷ǰ£֣סȹڣڵأֱӱקû䣡
¡
֣ҪȻسھƻֳ˵ǰѾź¼СƵգνն


1101 ˭
һ̶
˵Ŀⶼۼ֣Ȼϡ
ؿȻ˿û֣ǰֱӴ֣ǰ߹
ƻֳƹ̫֣ĶΣֻ˿̧֣šȻȹβ
֮ɺ߼ĵĸࡣ
ǵĶ¶һϷı飬ֻ¼Ƶ˴׼Ȼصһ˲ա
֮ллա
УһЦ
Ȼ־ٶЩϲ̨棬˵ģһҲ⣬ֻ뿴ϼ˱ǩȻڽ˵ԣһӶ޷ʹ䡣
ǵɴ۾Ȳ뿴Ļˡ
Ȼ뻪ղͬڽ֮ǰȻûκιϸ𣬵ȻײΪ˳ȻҶ
ǷĽݻ˺⡪޲ԼȻʻҶɫл
֮лʼձ־ĵ
СģС㣡
һһҽ˳֣߳Сȡ

鼱֮£ٶȷӵ£ҳŵٶȺȶ
飡
͵֣ĽҪȻȹϵʱһ֣Сϣµ˲֣Сȡ
꣡

ѺͲҽͬʱ
޷֣ӦһͷԵڼװϣ˫ʶȥСȣһһ֧ĴϺ

ͻһĻʱȫ˶һ
Щ֪Ŀˣǵɴ۾˼ؿŵص֣Ǹо·ʣʲô
աϵЦ˲佩Ӳͫ˲Ŵɬһţ
ȻҲû뵽ڴһĻݵʱȴͻȻ·ɱһҧֹһС
Ƕû뵽οɺļӣ
Ȼ
ȻôţȻıڻһʱֹһУҶ֣֣ȻȻվ֣ͬһֻϺһʹ࣬һڸǣһжģ
նļƻƻˣ
͡Ȼͳ¾˶һЩµؿǰһС
ûп֣ǰľٶҲûп߳һţǸǣ֣ҪȻʲôʱֹˡ
Ը磬ôˣ
һеͬʱȻʶʵ
С㣬ղȹڡͣƽ򶨡
طίȻ¾İȫȻܵ˺¶Էϸ׼һߵĹӸ磬ҲҪ֡
ûط罻
šƨʲôʱȹˣ
ͬʱ֣۵õΪʹ԰׵ϳžŭһĹһȻңҶҳ֣ô
ô
ǵģ
һ̣ЩĻ֪ĿǾΪ
ǿΪʲôֲ֣ҪҪˣҿַǳݣ֣ôʹࡣ
һýֺͷ뵽֣϶ᱨ
ô
һԣֱӴ˹
ͬʱԭƻֳұҲһʱ˹ɵ
ô
֣ɣ
ǰһվԣŭɶض֣
֪ղûмʱֹȻˤڵز˵ᱻקû䣬¶ǰ
Ȼζʲô
ȵڴȻһǶ⻹Ҫأ
ǵʱƵƬϵĻȻ˺޷ƣ
ӣòҪֹ飬ٲ˶ߣ
֣۵죬ŭĿͣºݻ
ҵҪôҳԲ˶ߣŭЦ
ͣ㣬ϸ֣ۡ
ϸôˣ
͵û˿η壬еֻǷŭ
ϸۣҲʹϸۣҰĵط
һ̣֣˵ʲôɴ˹ڣȴһӹɵĸо
ϸۣҵĵ̣
ɣﲻҪֻһ仰ۣ֮
ͽĿ֣ŲͶɣ֮г˷ŭ֮⣬о档
ΪȻ֪طûнȻİ⣬óطȻܿأҲͬʱȻͳ¾ˡ
һ£֮ǰ˵֣ҪڲȵȻûʲô
ͬҪֻ˵鱳ıôط˽⣬ɾҪۣ


1102 񵽲һ
ҹɫīƻ貵ʻάǸۣһƶСͳС
ְ˲ľƻֳ֧ѾõϸֶѾֹͣ˱ݣ᳡һƬ
˵Ŀⶼ۽·ֳ
֣ڵϣСȣһʹͷŭ
վǰһɶ˶ţû˿־壬еֻǷŭ
Ƿŭı飬͸ղǾ䡰ֳۣ֮󲿷˶һı飡
ʵ޷ʲôŸϸۣɽа壡
ƾʲô
ǡӣ˵ΪԼ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģɿˣЦһ㣬һϷʵָָȻֽĿͶ͡
ط硣
ŭĿɣＷ֡
ԭˣ
͵Ļֳ󲿷˶Ȼ
ȻǶ֪ط磬һ˶֪Ű󣬰ۼܹڣȫΪطԭ
Ȼ
֪һУ˶Ϊطϸ۰ô
Ƕˣοɱˣ
ӣҲеطҲ
ɿˣĿͶһһϸۣһҲøţ
طɣ٣ι㣡
ɵĻ䣬֣ٴǹάɣҲΪͷϾǰɵָʾȥȻġ
ɣҷȰ㣬ʾһĸףе𡭡
Բһɣҧгݵٴοڡ
֪Ϊȷʢİȫڶౣɢ֮ϣ˲ƻֳͲʮˣִҪ֣϶˫ȭѵ֣
ҲţΪϸ̽ĵ̾ԲԸطΪУ
Ȼ
һ̡
ɵĻֱеϣ
ȣ
Ťͷ帺˲㰲ȫұͷĿָʾ
ǣ٣
ǱͷĿһʱȻ͵ǰһϻԺһ㣬ЦʶȤĻҪܾͲǶôˡ
ৡ
ұͷĿĻ£Щұڷ׷״ӻǹǹˢˢض׼

һĻЩ˷׷׾ֵؼɢ˱ͷԣѸܿȷص˵ϡ
ͣȻͳ¾Ƕû뿪ûкһǷ׷վԱߡ
ɣҲҴ绰
ŭ£Ҳ֪Ʊǿ֮Ҫ취סʶٴοڣұڶ֮ǰ绰
Ÿʲô
Ӧ͵һͺȡ
ʼգɶûн͵ľУ
෴͵Żպڳһٶؾ棬Ϊүֱ̤ϵĸоʱŭˣֱӴߴұڳ֡
Ը磬ߣùǣ
ۿҪֻ֣÷еĴ㣬һŤͷ˵
ллĺ⣬ҲߡҶɽίұСͳС㣬Ҳܶ뿪ɫصҡҡͷ̬ȼ
Ȼóұкü֣һ˺ռˣ뿪
Ը磬ҶȻС
ЩˣóҪɸҶԼȻ¾ˡ
Ͼ׿ط֮⣬˱󻹴־ռң
٣˵ߵƵġ֣
һ̣˵ʲôұͷĿͻȻЦһ
ѾŭˣȻߣǾͿԾ̸Ǵҹȥˡ
ұͷĿһ£ʮұڷ׷ǹѸٽΧ׼ֿȭ
һ棬ǵǹĻ˵һû
һ棬ΪұڵǣǶⱣڣǵĽôǶòǻǳ裡
С㡢С㡢˺󡣡
һĻû˿η壬侲ض˵
ಡ
͡Ȼͳ¾ӦЩұһͬĺһ㣬Ѹֱӳ֡
ƹ£һұһɨɨһ˻ΪһֵնĲӣһһǱ
ò˵ұڶҵڶģұ˴Ĭһֱ·ȫȫĻᡣ
ұѸ͵ĹһɨɨȣȻҽȻһкХȭͷ
飡
һ죬ȭұڣȭȻջأ˲ѿѪĽ
飡
ͬʱұۺᵵסһڵıȣƮȻء

Ȼ
ʱұͷĿͻȻֶȻӳͬ̽ȡһ㣬Ȼץţٶȿ硣


1103 ˭
⣡
вУأסұڵĹ˿ұͷĿͻȻ֣ȴһ
мһ֣֪ûС
ұһ֣֪ԷǸ֣ʵԲԼ֮¡
ৣ
ҵæһյضұͷĿĹ
飡
ʱ
һıѾõұڣͻȻ֣һɨĲȣӦ
ұͷĿ״ѸϣҽȻȳһźݺݵضСϡ
飡
ꡪ
һ̣ͬʱ
СȱұͷĿһŶϣ
ˣ
ĶϹС쭳Ѫ˶Ϊˡ
Ƕţᰴ֮ǰ˵չᱻһȣȻ󶪽
ʧȥ˫ȣôάǸۻ
꣡
·Ϊӡ֤ǵжƵģұͷĿһŲȶ֮󣬲ͣһţȶȡ
Զ֮ʹûзһУֻЩŤͬʱҲûͽ͵
ͬʱ֮ǰȵ֣ɺߵĹӣǻգһЦ
ҲɣڣӰԴš㵱ߣ
һĻŭεѡ
ۣŭһֱͳֻ
Ҫط绰
㾡ܴ绰ҵҪطܰ
ɼ״û˿η壬ȻòһȻҰ
ǣ٣
ұͷĿһʱȻһץǶһֱӽ˦档
Ը磡
һĻ͡Ȼ¾˼ͬʱ
ͨ
Ӧǵˮ
û˺Уʧҹɫ֮С
Ը磡
Ȼٴδ𣬺˺ѷΣȻֱӶڵϣˮ
Ȼͳ¾ıڣһֱԼѡԴ
Ϊ˱˴˫ȡ
¾Ҳһʹŭ
ȻͨһѧϰͶѳΪһϸ̽羫Ӣ³侲ǰȫƿ
ȻʹģǻգǿգЦˡ
һ̣ǿһֻӱϷˣ棬ǽһģ
ɺ֣ǽĿͶ͡
ֱؿŭ˫ͨزطĵ绰δֹ
ͬʱ
һλάǸԵĸ¥ö¥طһλϣһߺȲ죬һάǵҹ
ʢϸۺϾٰ죬Ѷ档忴ں滺ʻ֣˵
ˡ
һ̣ط翪ڻӦֻ𶯵
طóֻ͵磬ֱӽͨ
ӣģ
绰ͨȿڣŴͳ
ϸۡ
طǸӦȻʵԾʲô𣿡
ӣ˵ղ˴ԸȣԸ綪˺ֱ⣬гŷŭ
ʲʲô
Ȼ͵ĻطӵһżǿĴ࣬ҲǾòᣬֱվûΣգ
Ҷǡͻص
ã̸Ϲȥ
ط粻ٷϻֱӹҶ˵绰
ءʲôˣ
ɫһ䣬Ҳվ
Ȼûط͵ͨݣͨطı仯üĿ֮һŭ⡢ɱ⣬жϳˡ
ҡǴ£
ϸۺ϶ҵֵܡ
طɫƽؿڣȴýľĸоϣʲôҲûʲôҲ֪

طĻ峹ɵˡ
жϳˣû뵽Ȼ˻ϸۺ϶طˣ
ʮӺ󣬽ŴлعѿطӰˣýֺͷ뵽ϸҪ
ͷ뵽طǰľ棬ǿǷݺ棬ûд绰ȥʲô£ֻǽĿͶϻƶϸۺ֡
Ӻطݣ¥£Ȼغ߶ھͬһȣ򺣱ߡ
ӺطߣһԽߵˣȻŲͣһ̤뺣档
ž
ž
ž
һ̡
촫
ҹĻ£ط罫ٶȷӵ£ͬһ̤ͧ棬һ˻ٳ˺һʻϸۺ֡
̤˶С
ٶȳ֡
֮ǰûͣ˭֡
Ϊ
֪˫ȶһ̣Ѿһ
˭ҪöԷʹۣ
ӶУ


1104 񼣣̤˶
ˮƯڲκζ͸߰֫ˮˮ£ͨںȫɣʹСˮıزƽ⣬ڱǵȲλʼ¶ˮ澲Ưһּܡ
ͨ˵ˮƯ
ˮƯ˲κιˮϱܡ
ͨ˿ǲɵ飬߶ԣ񼼡ֻҪٶȴﵽһ̶ȣ
ڹȥһЩĳλֵӽϰ壬ˮзɱϰף漣걨˼˹¼
ʵϣһ߱һ㡣
ڻʦ
²ýľ壬ˮзɱϰҲ練ơ
ĻʦǶٶȣˮп񱼺½𲻴
ͬ˿̵ط磡
ط綯غ߶ھٶȷӵ£ϸۺֵͬʱ
ϸۺ֣˲װƻֳ
ʹ绰ûɳѿ֮Ȼ¾ſϣŲӣ󷽿ţͼѰӰ
ȻȻطϸۣȷʾҪɵ˵ĽѾע˿
ӣ㲻ǿڿ˵ط˵ʲôۣ֮ôô绰ƨҷˣ
ɿʹ绰ٳûжиӼᶨط粻ϸԼĻ¶һƣߵ͡Ȼͳ¾ǰһʤߵ̬Ϸʵؿˡ
ٴɽĻû֮ǰ̸ػֻһֿ˵Ŀ⿴һۡ
ھƻֳĵƹɵڣûпǵĿĺ壬ֻ͵ͬŮ˫һеýģƨҷһ
ط粻ҵɣ
һĻжжϡ
ǿȻѾط˵绰ôطҪΪ˳ͷĻ֮ǰɣ϶ѡĬ
٣Ӽн͵ӣѾˡǸط㣬ϸ۶
Ϊط粻ɵͬʱ֣Թؿˡ
˿̵Ѿ˲Сȶѣ۵ɫסͷֱð亹
ƹ£һ㶢ˣƺڴɼֽѵˣйͷ֮ޡ
٣¹ǸطڻĹڴöôаϸۣٵĻҲţһӿڸ͵
֣٣û°ɣǸ̫ɺˣߵĹȻҶֱ֣
ҲˣŭضȻǸоȻ·Ѫһ㡣
илӿڳЩһ˵ڣղȥˣʱڵĻᶼûС
ȻԭͬһɵļƣļںѰӰ˿յĻ̲סˣͷ˫ȭ˿һۡ
ǺǡŻ˭أ
Ȼľ棬һŭЦ
ձ£ұ֤û˸Ҷһָͷ
ٴοˣضԿһŵ
ллл٣
ռûҲǸоѾﵽ˸߳
ɣԸ粻Σգˣ
ȻĿͶɣϡ֮жŷŭ⡣
ô
ЦһȻһֱӽеĺȻϣֱŪȻϵױݣҲŪʪȻڡ

һĻֱӴЦЦǽһ
ԶĻգҲһЦ⡣
ҲɵֶǷǷᱻط籨Ȼɽıֺ⡣
ʱ򣬶вңʲôҲвң
ǲ˻յЦ⣬ɸָͣȻһ
ɣҲ
Ӧɵһŭ
ԭΣͣȻ裬ŭһֱɡ
飡
Ȼ
ɣ㱻ԱͷĿһ߷ڵء
һţұͷĿȻҲ;ʹޱȣ˼ʧȥж۵û˹ȥ
ţ
һ֮ұͷĿƾԶһ˵ĶͻȻʲô͵Ťͷһĺ档
һ̣ؿԭƽĺϾһ˻˻һһˡ
ͧˣע⾯䣡
֣ұͷĿɫ΢΢һ䣬¶ұָʾ
ǣ
ЩұڵһʱȻѸɢһ߳һˣһߺվϲ࣡
£ǵһʱ嵽ֱˣͬʱγǹս׼

ͬʱȺ궯Ǿŵ뿪ֵı࣬׷͵ڵϲ࣬ȻЩؿԶĺˡ
˭ôӣڽʢ£
ţţ̲סڣʮɻ
ʢϸ۾̳һ֣졣
һ£ʢ£ϸ۹ٷĳӣΪУ
οΪȷμӴ˴λԱİȫʮұڣ
ûд𰸡
һ̣˶ؿǵԽԽˣûпͧӰӣ·Ǳġ
Ǹ龪һͧǺĺˡ
ұͷĿĿضź˿˼ӣȷֻ֮ٶȿڣеĽ벻
龪һ
ž
ϣٶȷӵ£޷˿Ӱط磬ۿӽ֣͵һŶںϡ
类Ͷһըˮը˻Ľط˵ͬһֻӥһ㣬ָ

ͻһĻ˲ڳÿһˡ
ǵɴ۾һؿطǸƮӰǿһ㣬ľ
ô
ž
һ̣촫
ط˫ȵ˼װϣİϤף˵
ټľƻֳһƬţ


1105 طŭ
Ϊط粻ɣϸ۵ʱ
ɲһȻһƣָȻ֮
Ϊ˸ȻͷҪɣȴұͷĿһߵ֮
طˣ
Ϊ˸ֵܳͷ̤˶ȴұͷĿ˼ʻͧӽ֡
ط֣վ˾ƻֳ

˿̣طϤİףЩϷĿɵˡ
û뵽طҲû뵽طô죬û뵽طһ񼣵ķʽ
Ҳɵˡ
֪ط磬ط磡
ɼϸ۵ķɻϣΪطѪζȻҪط绻λطܾطܴΪطμʢȣֱ֮
Ҫ˵ɣԼⱲӶٻκν
طֱûãٴμˣһϣһֲ˼ķʽ
Ҳɵˡ
ط˽⣬Ϊ飬ط϶ұû뵽طûѸͣѸ͵Щ˼飡
֣Ϊ׵ĹҲɵˡ
һ棬֮ͨǰ绰ҿı֣ΪطԲϸۡ
һ棬Ϊͨ˵ǣڵӡӰвŻֵЧ棬ױɵˣ
ͬɵˣ
ΪҵĹ⻷ΪүĸϸǺ޼ɵ֤ͨʼնûнطǰ£˴˫ȣ˺ŵ͸ط绰
Ϊʹ绰֮һԣӼط粻ͣ
˿̣طˣ
һֲ˼ķʽ
⡭𺳼ֱ޷
ಣ
͵ȫɵ۵ʱطһۿ˵زͺͱˮûױݵȻеŭ⡢ɱŨҡ
û֣һ˲ǰһѽͷ𣺡ͣô
ӣû£Ը硭
˵ȦЩ졣
Ȼѡˡ磬γˣ
仰˵ֻҪطϿɵѡֵܣͶϣ
ˣѧҲȻ
ط磬Ը类Ǵ˫ȣ˺
ȻҲˣдſǻ
ΪάǸۡ
֪
طͷȻͷ
˭ɣ
һУط翪ˣĿ絶һɨǰˣеŭ⡢ɱ⳹ױͬһԾĵɱ
ǱĿɨеˣһֱϵĸоͷһ󷢺
ɣ
֮ǰһ˿Խߵط磬ҿڻش𣬶ҲطӣŵҴһ
ټľƻֳɼž

ʱȻָɣűŪױݵϳŷŭ
ү
һĻͬŵЩµұͷĿξѣʶָʾ
ৡ
ò˵ЩһȻطǳķʽͷŵͷұͷĿ֮󣬻ǵһʱط磬ͬʱǹ
ƺеǹԴһЩȫС
ͣǶִԸ˫ȣԸ綪ô
ط罫һ֧֧ڵǹڵ˿Ťͷʵ
š
͵ͷȻָұͷĿһΧ磬ȶԸȣԸ綪
ৣ
طĿ˲ͶұͷĿ
⣡
ɲǼ䣬ұͷĿͷɫ䣬Ǳק˵һ㣬ް֮ǰſеֻǿ־壡
һ˫µ۾
޷ݣҲûм
ֻƾսܣʶ̧еǹŽǹ׼ط硣
ƺֻеĿ־壡
㡭ʲô
ǹ׼ط֮ұͷĿеĿ־һЩʶؿڡ
ꡪ
ӦұͷĿһ졣
ƹ£ط·ʩħһ㣬ƾճұͷĿǰһץסұͷĿ󣬰ŷߵ˲ըѣѪɡ
ұͷĿκηӦطһץסֱۣһק
˻
ͬӱ˺ұͷĿұֱӱط˺ѪĽ

ʹұͷĿӼȵľлعʹذһ
飡
飡
Ȼ
ܿ죬İϡ
طѸ߳ţұͷĿϥǣµھֱӽߵϥ˷飬Ѫ硣
ʧȥ˫֧ţұͷĿӲܿƵҪԵ
ʱ
طұͷĿѪܵұۣͬ˶Աһ㣬ݺݵسںߵϡ
飡
ꡪ
ͷѵͬʱ
ƹ¡
ұͷĿǰȾѪӣɶֱӷɳ֣Ȼֻͨһ׹˺С
ƻֳٴһƬţ


1106 
ھ˺ֱۣȶ˫ȣɰӡ
һУƸӣʵֻ˲䷢ֳ˶ûпطγֵģֻұͷĿİӺɶ׹뺣С
Ȼ󡭡
ǻŤӣĿ»صطϣȻطұͷĿȾѪֱۣȻĮɭɱ⣬һɱ
ȵӡӰлСһĻ˳͡Ȼͳ¾֮ˣ
û
𺳣
ЩμʢĿ˶ԣǶںƽѪȵĳ
һ̣ĵӰĸо˫۵ɵùԲϳŲ˼飡
ৣ
طɱȻģԺиֳұͷĿӷɳĻ棬յɫ˲䣡
һ̣ҲҲ֮ǰطʱĸ߸ϣҲҲȻʱĵΣȡ֮ǾɫҰֽ
Ϊζû뵽ǸڷɻΪ֮ˣǵӡӰеָ֣̤˶˵Ű˵棬ֱ˺ˡ
Ϊڷɻط緢ڽǣȻղֲֹһơȻطҪĻһָͷܹ
յɫͬˡ
Ȼ֪ط¼֪طԴ˴Ĵ෴ֶѪ飬ҲֻһδĿùط֡
ֱ˿̣Ǿ˼Ļؼؼطɱ
⣡
ͬʱ֣ڵЩ׷ɵǣһŵͷɪɪطĿž֡
ղţطһԲǿƳ֣ý񼼵ķʽұͷĿ֫Ȼұڣŵǣ
ŵˣ
Ϊ竵ǣȹˣܣҲȨƴйˣطղųȣֱ꺢Ӵˣƴ
Ƕˣοɣ
˵ط̤˶ͻȻֻ֣ȵĻôطղǿƳ֣򳹵𾪣
ס
֮࣬ɿطֶұͷĿȾѪֱۣĿͶʱŵûһʶسʣµıڴ
ǡǣ
ЩұҲطղŵѪֶ˵˿ɵĻֻʶػӦţȻܵصתǹ׼ط硣
ƹ£Ϊĳſ־壬ǹǴһ㣬ѡ

Ҫǹ
ЩұڵЩұڷ׷׾ǹ׼ط磬ЩǰμӽʢĿˣŴ֮ǰļлع񣬷׷׼űͷ׵һߣ±ս
һǰֻǰѪϴյ磻ǰҶһѪϴɽ顢ձѧ磻ǰãһѪϴ鶫Ƿֲ˺ڰӣȮ
һڵǹڣطû˿Ŀ־壬еֻƽ뺮⣬ΪұˣǾǱЩǿ
⣡
ˣ
طĻЩұеĿ־ֱ·Ҫĳɤһ㣬ǹֲøˡ
ž
ȻһұΪ̫־壬һǹֱ䣬ڼװϣһ졣

֣ұһȻûȥǹڿ־֧£طϹµ˵ءҡֻǻڷԣһ·

ȻұڵĻЩμʢĿˣǿ뻪գֻɺĹӾһ
׻˵ơ
ϸۣҵĵ̣
ҵıϸۣʱô˹
ô
롭̧֣һ
һ̣ǴӾлعʣЩұξѣܵһ㣬׷׶еǹطʮȾϹطŹǡ
ȻǲıףҲǰס
طޱؿʮƵұڣڣû˿ʴȡ
飡
飡
飡

طĻ£ЩұڵԺﲻֳղұͷĿҵһĻҲ뵽ط֮ǰĻһŵһڹ˵ϡ
ַʽģ
ʮ֮ҴǵȣǶѡһ
Թһŵұڣطûаʴȣӹɡ
ৡ
ٴطĻЩұһŵòɢ
άǸȻ粻󣬵Сܷȥ˵
Ȼ
Ȼ֪һ㣬һұڣһʱǿſ־壬˼ƽһȻٳ嵽ԱߣһԾֱ˺

һĻ͡Ȼͳ¾֮⣬һˡ
ƺû뵽طһ仰ŵұֱ
û뵽
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ

ţЩұҵ˰ƵģȿֺӶ˺Ǹо·ˣطԳ֡
Ƕԣ֫ȫдĻᣬǱطȶȥɣ
ɣţӦûǴְɣ
ۿЩұȫطٴνĿͶɡ
ҡˣ
ȻŵòᣬϾҵĹ⻷Űô꣬лЩҸס
Ҫ˵ӣӶֵܣҲҪһ˵
طɵĻֱӱ̬ȡ
ߣƱ㣡


1107 ŵûɢ
ľƻֳطĻشÿһ˵ĶС

طĻ£͡Ȼͳ¾֮⣬˵ٴӿֳ𾪵ı顣
˿̵ǣ֮ǰطұͷĿ䶪ŵұڷ׷Ҫ𾪣
ΪǶóطѹûнɣ̷ĵҪɣ
ʲôˣҵٵұڶ֣ҿӻҪ٣δ̷
ճ±ˡ
Ϊϸ𻨵Ȼƾ賤ࡢġʡͷԺȦĵλȦżʸ񣬵ǸȦӻһЩ롣
ȻûǸȦӣǸȦ˽⣬֪ϸȦӣ˶Ϊ
˿̣Ǹ֮ǰ۶ÿһ۵ĵײˣҡһ䣬Ϊ˸ҶɵĴڣọ̈̄
ԣһؤͻȻ˻ʵۣһƻõĸо
һ̣Ϊˣ
Щ֪طˣ֮࣬Ҳɻǰؼҳ꣬ƾʲôҽаң
ƾ
طѱؼҳĻĵһѳΪЦ
ƾ
ط䱻ΪĵĻ̸ҲֻϵģûжеңĻԽΪ׵ĴоԲطνĻ̸
ϸ̽ģ̵ңͨǸӴԪ׽Ӵ
һʵط̣ѹͲһȼ
ƾһֵô
ܹϸ겻ûǿأ
⡭ϸۣҵĵ̡ҵǿԶԶؼҼҲδܽο㣿
Щ֪ط˾ɵͬʱ֣ǿǷݲðų׵طķտˡ
ΪطɶֵĻǾԲŹ
һ£ҲɵĿɽͻԣҲˣ
ͣ˭йϵô
֣ĻطüͷһȻһ֣˵ȣµʲôûֱӶ֣֣Ťͷٴγʵ
ӣ֣Ȼǽı鶼𡭡
ԣһʱ佫飬һһʮظط硣
ƨвȻȹӣһУܲ⡭
͵Ļطʾ֣
ò˵ܴѹϲȻȹӣȻ˵飬ȫϡ
һĻûдֱܱطŭҲ֣ҺΪͷ
Ȼ
һ̡
طһ仰㽫ŵûɢ
ңô
䣬Ӱ֡
Ŀ֮£طһͬһ֣ǰ˳һӣһץס֣ĲӣӥСһӲؽ֣
ɲǼ䣬֣ͬ׹ѣëը𣬻ܿƵؾҲ
ҡϸ֣ˣүү֣
ţţֵ֣شҡҾ㣬㲻Ҫ֣ʶܶѧʦҶʲô֣һŹ㡭
ಣ
ܿ죬֣Ȼֹȡ֮һƿ
Ŀ֮£ط粻֣Ļ˵꣬һǶһֱӽ֣˦˳ȥ

ڶϺХڷ裬־弱֣ҵİֱӷɳ֣׹˺档
ͨ
ţˮ֣׹˺С


ټľƻֳٴһƬţΨ֣ϴ
ͬԵħֳÿһ˵
͡Ȼͳ¾֮⣬˾Ǹеһ󲻺
һɴδĿ־壬ǵͷŵҴһطĿ⣬ͷ·ڿүǵ
Уɵǳһ㣬ϵس鴤ţ·ʱ
ţ
͵طҪɵʱͻȻһƿŤͷؿһӰļװһԾ£˫ץ֣
žžž
ٶȼ죬ͬط֮ǰһ̤źУ˲ӵ֣ǰһѽ֣Ȼӹһתٴ̤ź׷֡
֮䣬֣׷֣һԾֱԾְ˲㣬ڰطڵǰ
ŵƹ⣬˿ؿһλߣһװһ˫Ь
ȻͷһƬף󣬾ӣ·ûһۼ
е֣ɫҰף׻˹ȥ֪Ϊˮŵģֻʶźˮ
񡭡壡
ˣԭѾŵòɣˮ֮ץ˾һ㣬شղɱܻұƵбǲɱ֣Ҫɱң졭ɱ
ûлشߣֽʡˮ֣һԣȻط˫ֱȭ
ʲô
һĻǼߵɣ˶һ
УɸǾͣ˽Ų
شʦŴһʵҡ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģߣȭ֮һη˵һӣүһ·


1108 ҵӺֵǮ

ߵĻ߳ط籧ȭһηظ飬ƻֳ󲿷ֿ˶һĿɿڴ
Ϊ֪ߡ
ǧɡ
Ҽ̵ıڣ̵ͬӰӣߵʼո̵ߣʮһգ
̵ʮıڣ̵ĹϵѳԽһĹ뱣ڵĹϵѣˡֵܣ
ԴˣϸܶжԴĽѡ
ΪǿܹڹȥʮƶϸĲǧɹû̵İȫЩֲյ൱ҵػ
֮⣬ǧѧ绹һݡϸ۵һ֣
ΪһУǧɾ֣֮ǶΪطˡǧƱػط֣
Ȼ
ǧɷǵûгֶ֣֣һηظ飡
⡭ܲ𾪣
գ
֮ǰռطҽֲôϸ۵Ȩ֮⣬Ϊǧɣ
֪ǧϸ۵һ֣۷ʦѧ綼һһĴڡ
֪ط򱬺Ե飬طѧʵ˽⻹ͣڣطһ̩ɽһս
һط籨ңǧɣȻǶ֡
˫ˣǧɷǵûг֣顭
ûռֱԼ۾
ţ
еǷ벻ţգֱй֮޲
񡭡壬Ǹʲôط˵ܵϸɱˣǵֶԸ飿
ɵɴ۾ضǧɡ
ǵġ
һֱ̣̫Ļˣ
ô
٣öشʦ񣡡
ǧһֿ׳յĿ⿴һۣ޲һѽץطǰ
ţĶӣҲľôˣ
һ棬طһУ
鴫ȫѧ͵޴𶯣ʵĻֻһЩǿĵѧĴ֪
磬ںܶ߿ԱȻأ޷û۷ʵ԰ܸط硣
Ϊϸ۵һ֡۷ʦǧɣȴǺܹӳҵʵ
뻯۷꣬ȫ֪ľǿߣֻܷɵʵո뻯۷岻õʦ֡
ո뻯۷꣡
طȴԻڵľ磬Էɱ
ζʲô
ζţطԾĻܴǻᱻطɱ
һ棬ҳ֮⣬ҲطΪָƣҸˡǱ족ۡ
ղţط̤˶ǧɵһʱӦˣҿط硣
ʱòᣬȻһʱ˻㱨
ͬ𾪣ͬʱѸ뵽˲ƻֳܳˣǧɰй۲졢׷ʲô
طδֵʱǧɿ͡Ȼ¾˷˳ͻҽʵ̡֪
̵ϣδֹطʵʩֻǧʱע˲ƻֳһطҪɳ֣ٳֹ
ǧɸʮ̼꣬Ϊ˽⣬֪̲طΪУصظطֵĻᣬط罫ŭйұϡ
䱣
̵Ĵ㡣
Ϊˣֱط罫֣ų֡
Ϊ֣ɵָʾȥȻģ֣õġСֵܡ֣ˣҲѸ֣ҽ͡
ο֣үӾھŲľƻֳ
˿̣ȴţȥɱط硭
֪Ӱж
񡭡塭
ٴǧɵĻɻ˵ʲôǧɽŭĿ⣬Ӳؽʻ˶ӣͬʱӿֳһȫŵͷѡѵ岻طǸ˵Ķ֣
ҵӺֵǮô
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģط翪ˣƽȴʯ쾪ٶڳ͡Ȼͳ¾֮˵ģ
ΪҵӺֵǮ
ϸۣû˸Ҳӣ
ڻģȫҲû˻᲻̽纽ĸӣ
شʦ
ǧ˵ط¼֪طһǿƵˣһҪŭط磬طҵĻٻЩȣͬʱٴοڡ
Ȼ
һΣǧɽĻ˵ڣ㱻طϣҲӣҪô
شʦҲ㣬Ҳס㣬ֻ㣬㣬ֻү۲ʶ̩ɽشʦܳŴһ·
ǧɼûԥٴιֿ飬طԡ
һ·˴ֵ˫ȣֵܶʱ򣬿ֵһ·
طޱضǧɣӦ

ǧԶԣ˵ף̫˵޷죡
ֵܣͱ븶ۡ죬û˿ֹҸֵܳͷţԣ
ط˵ţȫǧɣɣ


1109 ̤ҫ
񡭡壬αظ飬ѵ㲻Ķ֣
ʱɿˣ仰Ǻġ
ΪţΪϸ۵һ֡۷ʦǧɣطĶ֣
ͬʱǧɵΪڼ̤ϣҲڼ̤ҵҫ
죡
ۿɼ֪Ľǧɳŭˣ޲һɡ
ʱˣɾȻڽ
ܹסط磬ô

ٴǧɵĻɳɵˡ
Ϊǧʷһѵ
ΪǧɵĻӡ֤Ǹŵͷ
شʦֵֻܰѾ밵ʧȥ˫׹ӦÿԻȥ̧֣һ
£ǧɲɣٴνĿͶط磬Ϊ顣
ȻѿطǾҪɣʶ˶ΣطŹɣֻϣطܹһ
ûлشطһΣһֱӳɵǰ
ǧȻطĶδ
һ棬û˿տԻط磬ΪҪǣ̶ǧطΪҵĵˣ
񡭡壬ң
ͻȻֵط磬ײһ㣬ŵֱ̱ڵϣطȡ
һΣǧûг֣һ¿ڴֻ
ʵϣطɵ˲䣬ôˡ
ˣ
һ̡
һͻȻ
䣬Ӱ֡
̴Ӱ˲ƻֳ˳һϣ¶ż޷εĵǡ
ȻΪ̫ԶûطǧɵĶԻҲûпղŵ׷ʲô֪Ȼǧɰԭƻ֪ͨô֤ط粢ûиӣִҪѵɡ
ৡ
̵ټľƻֳط֮⣬˶ĿͶλϸ̽Ĵ档
ŵƹ⣬ؿϵĵǣҲ̵ĲܼǸо·ˣԼĶӱûˡ
ˣط绹ᶯ𣿡
һĻ˶аԼ
֪
ǧĵĴ𰸡
һֵĻô̳棬һ塣
仰˵Ȳѣ̲
ΪһطɲӵĻǽζţ̺ҵҫᱻطһŲڽ£
ᣡ
͡Ȼͳ¾˵Ŀ
Ϊ˽ط磬طԲΪ̵Ͳ׷ɴ˫ȣΡ
ᣡ
ǳȥǧɺˣ˵Ŀ
ǿ̰
ţϸ۱Ĵ棡
ΪۻʲӶ糱´ʳ뻪ġ
仰˵һһԾϸ̽ԶԻȫ̽ɲ̶ͬȵӰ졣
һλĴྩЩŵļҲƽȽ̸
ô
飡
ꡪ
һ̣𰸽
ͬʱ
طûһֱۣһŶǰɵСϣµֱɵȡ
ৡ
ͻ˵Ŀ˲ŲѸٿط硣
໣
ʱʹİһͬһ㣬͵صȻڵϣ˫ʶҪȥԼѾѵСȡ

һĻ͡Ȼͳ¾֮⣬ƻЩٴɵˡ
£ǽ𾪵ĴѾ㹻ˣطȫֹѪضɳ֣ȶһ֮ǻǱ𺳵ˣ
ʲôŸҵ̵棬ȶɵ˫ȣ
̲֮࣬סаԼ
ûд𰸡
̺ǧͬҲû뵽
ΪطղһţȶϵĲɵСȣҵҫ˽£
һУ̾ͣ˽Ų
һ̣ϵᵽϸ۾̳ʼ֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰һֱǿơ
ҲףΪʲôط򱬺ԡշ顢زţȻط뿪ԭˡ
һùͬʱҴƹˣ
ִҪȥһ飬´ƹȫΪУҲǣ
꣡
˴лعһ촫
ط粻ͣţ˵棬ȶɵһȣ

ɲҽһֱӻ˹ȥ֪۵ģŵġ
⣡
ϻصǲҽеطһı飬֮ǰһУЩӣŵͻಡһǶˮСɪɪ
һ̣طĿ־嵽˼㣡
ΪǿطȻҵ̵ɳ֣ôǣԲڻ£
ͬʱյͫ׶Ȼ
Ϊδ޵طһŽǴ̳£ǵĹٳ֮·£ʼչڻ˵ǼǺġ
Ȼ
طһһεس˵Ԥϣͻ˵֪֮òϣطϵǹǿѪԲӻĴٿԱģ
ҲǾ䡰ؼطɱ˸̵֪
һߣճɵˡ
޷ţǸ֮ǰмһ˵ĵײҡһ䣬ΪĿнһڵĴҪȥη־Ĵڣ
ֻʸϸȦſʵ޷طҪţƵʲô̶ȣŸһУ
ǿ˫ȾѪͬһһɣһжΣ
ô
ӷ˴ǵǸ
ӦպЩ˵̵ûзŭֻǸ⡣
ط統棬ȶɵ˫ȣҼ̤ҵҫΪҼϸ۴ûѡطΪУ֮ͬǰǧһΪ飬طܹɵ
ֵܹӱֵᣡ
ط״οڻӦ̣·Ҫϸ۵գ


1110 Σйͷ֮ŭ
ټľƻֳٴһƬţΨطصþòɢ

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ţһĿ׹ˣXX鷳˰æڸѰһ£ҵһʱң
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طŲϤԲİף֣˲ľ
ɴ۾һؿط磬Ǹо·ʣô£Ϊʲô嶼ˣط˵Ȼ


1111 һŹ
飡
Ӧ֣һ졣
طһΣ˲֣ǰһ֣һȡ
꣡
֣Ӧ
̱߶һ֮ĵڶȣط統̺˵߶ϣ

Ȳľʹ֣һҽУǴһ㣬һҳ鴤
⿴ޱվԱߣȫûйܵ˼˿
ѡѵ岻ǲҵصģ
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ȴûապЩͷһ
ͿڻشЩ׷ɵϸǣһƵģŵȷֱ̱˵ϡ
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竵Ļξѣһ׷׸ſġ
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µȻ֪ط絽ƾʲôϸ۲ҡ̤ҵҫһţطȻҵ̵ɵ˫ȣôԸ׼һŪǣ

һĻЩμʢĿˣٴɵۡ
ȻҲ֪طҵĵڣţǴԻϸۣ𶯻ģ
һˣϸ۵һ竲ڽ£
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⡭Ǻεȵǿƣ
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طĿδӻɨϢ
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֪ط⻹⣬ھƻֳش˰˵ĶС

УЩμʢĿˣٴ
ȻѾĿط̤ҫϸ۵̸ͬͽһ㾴ηط磬ط۲۵ִкл𺳲ѡ
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ȣ


1112 󶯸ɸ
һֱ̾ǵĻϸҶǾ֣̳Ͻ棬»̹ٷԴ͸ĸ￪ŵĺʤٰܶ࣬ҵĲԽԽ
ͬģҵҲԽԽ
ҲǵҼͬ⻪һԭ
˿̣̬ǶԻչĶطܲԻҽгͷҲǼΣطʾãӶһطԭ¡
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ϣֿʱҵֵܿԳҵǰ
󣬲ȻմӳشлعطӭʾõĿ⣬˵
õģ
̵һʱӦüͷ΢΢ɿ
Ϊ֪ͨԼиֲطҵĵڼˡ
һֻҪûΣգĿط绯ɸΪ񲯡
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˿̣ҡͷǧֹ
ǲǵļ壬ǾͼţֱҵشʦֵΪֹ
ǧޱؿЩӣ̿ھ棬Ǹ̺һ߲
ΪҪǣҪֹЩӿطȥ֮󣬲֪Ӷٴŭط磬ԭѾƽϢ¼
طǧɵĻûκαʾֱӴ͡Ȼͳ¾ˣȫ˲˼ע뿪
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ܿģط߲һң̲סʵ
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ղţطΪǳͷѵɵˣȻǳһڶǸĵİΣ
άǸ۵ĺ˲ԸѰֻ̤˰˫ȱϣ׹֮ҲԻεߡ
طǻصΣգҲԭ

طĻش͡Ȼͳ¾˲Լͬ˿
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һ߷سźţһаԼûа˵ʹ࣬еֻǶȻ˵ĵǡ
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绰ͷˮƵ²һ䣬Ȼϸ۾̳ʢάǸ۾ٰ졣ΪȻǻƴô̸ƴкҿԿ϶Ǹһ
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һ˸žƣХʻ׹̶ľϸ۵Ͽա
֮⣬һˮרõͧʹֱֻӲͬĵص㣬ͬʻ׹ĺ
ѵİ𣿡
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Ȼ
ǽʾ֭Ҳ뵽ϸ۾ôྯ죬ֻΪѾһˡ
һںܶǹط統ֵܵˡ
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ͰȫΪطŷ֮ϸ۾ط󶯸ɸ꣡
һΣطûдк
ҵֲ


1113 ʿΪ֪
ء
һҾÿֻͧάǸۣ˸â貣಻ϣʡ
ѵ˶˾ϵҪϾɱ
ҹĻ£ԶľԶ˸ľƣһͷ
ͷ֣ɫأǿ˫ȵʹȫȫ򰶱ߡ
ΪжǶԵģô˿̵״̬죬־ܣ
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ţţһҿͧХԼ߳æһǱˮףӶⱻҿͧϵľ췢֡
ͧϣ촩ž£ǿֵͲĴţͼںѰӰ
ڹȥʮˮάǸ۵ĺˣҲֹһЩûһģұڡ
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ףףһס
ʱţ뺣ԽԽ
УÿˮѲ߿ͧʹֻʱ򣬱Ǳ뺣ˮ֮Уȵˮ뿪֮󣬲Żζѭ
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ȻǶطžԵΣѾط˵Σգ˿ȷеϢҵĲų׷
Ȼˣô鵽Ϊֹ
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ǧɵĻЩ竷׷׼վ֮ǰͱֵúܻ׳ŵʵ񡭡ʦشʦǵ鷳𣿡
ûлشǧɡ֣첽뿪˾ƻֳȴǰңû
򣬽ط罫Ϊɺңϸ̽جΣ


1114 ǲ
ԭϸ۾̳ʢİţϸۺάǸʻȻͣĵضΣԭ·ء
˲ƻֳ飬ôֿ
ʮ֮һͷط͡Ȼͳ¾֡
ǧɺ֣Ҳ˴
Ҫȥ۰ҽԺơ

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οְ˲㷢Ѿ֣ҼڵЩϸĴﶼһɻ󣬵ǰȥ
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̻ص־Ų㣬Ȼ֣Ҽ֣ڣвμӽʢ̽Сרң׷ڵ
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֮⣬ط粻ɱԣշ飬ǹЩ飬аⲿţⲿŷǵûж֣ΪһкϷ뾳뿪

ٴ̵Ļ֣˶סˣǵɴ۾˼ؿ̣Ǹо·ʣôܣ
ҳϢʱķӦһʵⲿŶԸط磡
ܹ˵飬˵һ棬طѾΪѧʵǿ֮һ
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磬ǵԭʲô֣ٴοʵ
Ȼһֱط类ؼҳҸΪè塣
о˸˵һ򲽽֮ǰĴġطȫΪĻ۷ʦȫȥ£˭ұؼң˵һؼҼʶԼĴȥأʱؼҵĵλǺεȵĳȻ

һɬԶԡ
ǲ
̾˿ܽᣬȴ겻ѡ
ûΪ׵ϸ۶Ȧӣᱻһ˲ڽ¡
ңһʮ꣡


1115 һɳ
ҹɫŨʱλάǸ۵СͷȻΪæµ
һһǴߺȵذŻͬʱʱʱὫĿͶͷһӰ
ա
뿪ϸۺ֮󣬻յһʱ绰֪ͨϸ۵ĸɳȻǴ绰ʮǶûнӡ
ò㽫ֻҵ
ͷȡĿ⣬е
ΪҹһξãԼƺеôǿ
󣬾͵ԥǷҪ뿪ͷطȳʱֻ
ôӵ绰
Ȳؽͨ绰ȿʵ
Ϊ˳شӸղǳٳٲӵ绰յ֮кسԹ
һγǷ
ղȥϴˡ
绰ͷǲյŭ⣬ͣȻЩʵʲôˣôоըҩһ
Բ𣬽̫飬ұеأܲáҲʶԼǸ
ôˣʡ
طǲǻؼˣ
շʣѲͷһˡ
ʾ֭˰죬Ϊֻһֿܡطعؼˣ̼ɵ
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ٴյĻǸоԼ飬Ĳš
ΪؼҴٵȻ֪ңұ֪ͨĸһЩ
֪׳Լ̣̽йǢ̸
ңȻûһĨɫӵеӰǾ˵ģȫԱྩһЩţ
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֣ҸղŽӵСյĵ绰ڵ绰˵
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ǼĺôеĻҪ£
̲ס̾̾
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ʲô
һû뵽ط羹Ȼܵбصƺ˲õ飿
ǰ
˶Ȼӵؽطһиǡ

Ļǳɵˡ
Ȼ̴֪طͷ϶ŲΪ֪ԭ򣬵Ҳû뵽λ֮ǵõܣȻȫ֮һѾﵽⲿŶǵĵز
ͷǵһԲϱɱɣ֮࣬ʵ
ֻһ棬Ϊؼǣ۷ʦֵȫ£ĶһЩԸ⻨Ѿ޴Ĵȥ£οȫΪĻ۷ʦֻжʮ꣡仰˵ֻҪԸ⣬ڿԳΪκһҵϱģ
̾˿˵̵Ķ£һұڶ֣
ѧиĵĹأʦ裬۷ʦˣҲ˵ơɱҲǰɱ
ο֪뻪ֻ֯ĹϵУ߼Ϊͷأһŭ֮ɱЩˣ֯δҲᶯǻ֮ͬǰ˵뾡취

һסˡ
Ϊո˵λԼõܣѻΪ޷Ĵڣ
֣طһɳ죬үү᲻ؼң
𾪹̲סڣʳΪǵ顣


1116 عؼң
£ǵĵǴгϡ
طؼ̫ү֮ʧ裬Ϊؼӣؼҳ
طһɳ죬ǻؼңȻǱ롱ȥġ
һһ롣
һ֮֮
ǸطıؼҵģλԲνؼҴٿɱġ
ζϣ顣
ڸղţڸԼδ޻ͨʱĵ˵طⱲӾ޷̤ؼҴԺ벽

ǵѯʣĬˡ
ǵĽǶطһɳ죬Ϊȫȿֺ£ĳܹعؼңؼž޴ĺô
˽͸ԵĽǶһϣطعؼҡ
ΪطĻع飬Сؼҵĵλ½
п˶δؼҼλãطĸȡ֮
֣ѵҪؼң
ۿ˵еĵŨ̲סٴοʵ
Ƿؼң˵˲㣬˵Ҳ㣬ֻүү˵㡣ش𣬵ʡ
ΪҲûаձ֤ؽǷΪ˴棬طعؼҡ
ӢҵĹϵӢͶʼڻĵͶĿүүԼͷν澡ʧҾãүүӦòȥ
ԣ˵ԼĿ֪˵Ұο
һΣĬ

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Уϻһҽѧѧ棬ϸš
Ȼܾǰ㲻βѾԶҵںܾˣҽѧоһֱûֹͣ
ڹȥһЩȺ󷢱˼ƪҽѧģڻҽѧ˲С𶯡
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Ȼ°ʱ䣬ɱž˵磬˱׼̧ͷͦأɢеֻһ֮
Сᣬͣһ£Ҹһ¡
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ԣеѧ棬¶˼ɻ
̸̸Сؼҡ˵Լ뷨
ǲǾöˣ˶ؼҺҪ뷨
ԣüͷһĭô꣬Ȼ˽ɷƢԸ
һֱЩˣТһһȫ
Դط类ؼҳ֮һֱôطؼ˵ĹϵѰطܹعؼҵĻᡣ
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š
˵ͷ
Ҳͬ⣡
ֱӾܾ̬ȼ
Сᡭ
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ЩջضһһС̫үȥ֮ҪȡСѩĻԼȡ֮ȻСǵһߵ֧ǣǽСؼҳ
Щ鷢ʱȥǶٴΣ𣿡

ƿԡ
Ϊ˵һжʵ
ؽΪ׵ؼڴطϣƫĶݣ̫ˣ
⣬ֻһԸֺСˣĸͬ⣿ٴοڡ
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ԼԲ㡣
óԣͲܣ
̬ͬɳֶ֣ԣС統Ƶ߳ྩǣȥС磬СͷݺͽӣԼСؼң
Сԣؼһһؿͱӣͱ˺ۣôܻؼң
˵ͣһ£г˷ŭ֮⣬ί
ӱ۸ĸ׵ôܺù

̾˿һԲ

ͬʱ
ؼĺԺ
ʱؽû˯ͬһ鷿ļ
顪
Ȼ鷿ű졣

ؽڻӦͷҲδ̧
֨
ӦȫŶ룬ؽ񣺡׳
ؽеļȫ
׳Ҫ㱨һɾʾǷʱ䣬㱨ǹȫֲ齨ܷطعֲӵ顣
ȫһػ㱨ڶطϸ۳˵£Ѿ顢˽ˣȫдϢ̬ˡ
ù
ؽԣüͷһ˵
ȫҵһʱ佫طϸ۵Ķ̬ݸؽ
ؽӹ棬ϸ
ȫվһԣȴؽĻӦָʾ
޷ˣʺϻزӣ𣿡
Ӻؽ±棬ɫѿسȫʵ

ȫûҿףؽɹطع鲿ӡ飡
֮⣬ҲȻطع鲿Ӷǻؼңֱˮ¡лѹʵ֣
ɣϵ֯زţطϸ۴¼ĴȻ󽫾ң
·Ϊӡ֤ȫĲ²һ㣬ؽٴοڣ´һ
ǣ׳
ȫһʱ˳鷿жǸؼҳΪͬ飬ͬʱǸͷ


1117 ֵ֮䲻л
֪ͬĴҽԺһΪϸҽԺĸ۰ҽԺʲôʱΪ֮ͬ꣬ʤ
Щ֪ҽԺͬǣ۰ҽԺһ˽ҽԺֻҪ㹻ǮҽԺṩõҽõĲõĻ㻼߿Ƶĸ
ҹʮʱط͡Ȼͳ¾˳ִ۰ҽԺʱҽԺԺ͹ǿרѵȺʱֱͣӭӡ۰ҽԺ˵Ŀˣ
ͣȣ˾һʱ³첽ߵţš
һĻ۰ҽԺԺŹǿרҡǣһʱӭ
ţ
һ̣ǺȻ˹˹ӰĲҼ̣Ҳ֮ǰϵǵǧɣһİס
˭
֣ø۰ҽԺԺרҡһ죬Լͬͣ˽Ų
ͬʱڶ˹˹Ӱͣȣǧɲ˾ţţ³
ʦ
ǧɣ۰ҽԺԺӭ˹ֵúء
һУֻΪ֪ǧɸ̵ʮıڣ̵ĹϵѳԽһĹ뱣ڵĹϵˡ
һ£ǧ۰ҽԺ𲻴
ʦߵִҽԺ֮Ѷ˿ڽϴҶǰߵȱ޴ϣֹͷ飬ͨȫָѶȽϴ󣬵ǻᾡΣûָЧﵽѣ
к󣬸۰ҽԺԺٴοڣ̸ơ
֮ǰӵǧɵĵ绰߸ҵһλҪ˫ȶˣټ۰ҽԺйǿרҡڽоΡ
УԻָ
Ÿ۰ҽԺԺĻ£ǧɻӦطͻȻڣˡ
ৡ
ȻطĻǸ۰ҽԺԺЩǿרҡڣһ
һ棬طݡ
ңʸǧɿڵֻһˣ
һ棬˸۰ҽԺԺ֮⣬˶ǹǿרҡڣϸǾԵȨڻĶ֪Ĺǿרҡ
ϸƣͬóۣ˫ȹͷ֮󣬺ѻָжٻܵӰ졣
طƶûв鿴ƷǵĽۣ
ʦǣ
۰ҽԺԺЩɻؿط硣
Щǿרҡͬط磬Ŀ֮гɻ֮⣬зŭΪطйϵͿŭˣ
ԺλרңλشʦȫѧĻ۷ʦʵ֮ϡ
ǧɽԺЩǿרҵı龡۵ף¡ؽطݡ
ȻطǻڣܹɱΪ۷ʦĺԣʶǧɽܵʱֱ˵طΪ۷ʦ

ǧɵĻԺЩǿרٴһ
Ƕѧ⺺ȫĻ۷ʦζʲôǶ֪ǧϸ۵һ֡ѧһˣ
ǧɸǣطʵǧ֮ϡ
⡭ܲǾȣ
֮࣬ҲףΪطǧ֮ǰˣطǾ仰˼طֻѧʦҽѧ˽⣬Щר֮ϣ
شʦղ˵ֻҪͨɻָΪһߣָͨ˿ɱȡ
ǧٴοڣͣңרŵҩ˹ˣָЧѡ
ԭ
ǧôһͣ۰ҽԺԺɻͷŭȻ޴棬и۰ҽԺԺЦŹάشʦ˳ɾͣ˾̾
ֵ
طû۰ҽԺԺĿףֱ⡣
ĿǰڲҪǰ׼
һΣڻӦطһߣǸ۰ҽԺĹǿΣҲĹǿȨ֮һ
鷳λȥһֵܣллط˵
شʦһȥɡǧ˵
ãʦ
طҡҡͷ֪ǧǰ̵ָʾҪͷ͵Բûʲô塣
á
ǧɵͷȻݸԺһ
ԺᣬŤͷǿΣΣشʦȥһ²
á
εһʱӦȻط硢͡Ȼͳ¾סԺ
ͬʱǧæתصԣ򿪳ţط˫ȵɺ֣˳

ɡ֣˫ȶѡȾѪɫ԰׵ģԺЩǿרٴɵˣ
˵֮ǰֻǾȵĻô˿̳ˣ
Ϊʵ޷ϸۣ˭Ұү֣ү
УһЩ˻ԼˣҡҡͷȻɴ۾ûȷɺ֣ˣ
ʦǣ
𾪹Ժٴδӭϡ
ү֣үȶˣ鷳ǽ߾ȫæΡ
ǧӦûΪԺ˽󡪡ɺ֣Ϊʲôᱻ˴ϣǱʲô˴ϵģ
áã
ԺæӦȻ⿴طȥıӰðһŹֵͷѵү֣үǸشʦйأ
Ӻطڸ۰ҽԺǿεͬ£Ȼ¾סԺĹǿ¥㣬õⲡ￴
ڲϣ˫ȵ˿Ѿ˼򵥵ϴ˿Һ
̡̹٣
ط˽ţһȻ󿴵Ȼ͡¾û飬˿ʶҪ
Ը磬ű𶯡
ط״æֹȻǰ
Բ𣬽̹٣ʵãûбС㡢СûҶһǸؿط硣
Ը磬ѾúܺˡҸû֯ҩͰŻҩҽѧƣʱڻָ֮⣬ҩﻹܼǱܣѧʵһ¥طҡͷȻ˵ԼĴ㡣
̡̹٣֮
طĻһ𾪣Ȼæҡͷ
˵ҩҲ֪ҩ󡪡ȫΪ֮
Ը磬ѾΪ㱨ˣ֮ǰȶ˫ȵұͷĿӴ֫˺ˣұɺҪȻȹӵ֣˫ȣңӻҲ˽£
һΣط翪ڣ˵
ллл̹٣
ԣж˫۷졢ӷ
ֵ֮䲻л
طļ
һġ
ë̩ɽ
ɲǼ䡣
ǸսѪķֲӶӳǸűѴñӣ֪ŮزҲûļǿ˫ͨ죬档


1118 ұ
ڶϣڽУɸ۰ҽԺĹǿΡһѵϣǸҽʦִУݿǰ
һУȷĳɹ
ʱ㱻ƻ˲ҩҩЧˣ˻ָѡ
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õģ̹١
ͷȻЩĵδһ˭СͳС㣿
Ͳõˣ渺𱣻ǵİȫطЦЦ˵Լİš
ѾеĴȨ£˳˻ĵ磬һ䡣
ط˻ҩʵ˾޴ǰ۷壬лʦ֣ȫڲ֮ء
ľڵĻʦȻȥԸȻĻʦǿһ뻪ģȻᱻ֯;ⲿŷ֡
һ汣Ȼ¾ˣûʲôΣտԡ
СʵԶ֮ϣС㡢С㣬Բ⡣ԣ׷
ˡ
һΣط˵ʲôͻȻֻ𶯵
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֣طһͫ΢΢Сµʲôͬʱͨ˵绰
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绰ͨȿʵ
׳ȽϺá
طش֪ϸ۷鲢е⡣
ϾѾͨ˳ȥΪǿֲƶߵɶ֪һУǲֵֵ顣
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طصȴЩɻΪʲôܷס书
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طȻٴοڣӡ֤֮ǰĲ²⡣
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طͷȻһ뵽ʲôЦԸ磬ú˻ָʵ֮໨Щȥջҩʵû׼ԺлΪսСӵһԱ
桭𣿡
ԣһֱǣ˿ڣûһʹ࣬еֻǼ
Ϊζ´װұ
طγֲˣ

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ŲӸĸ֮󣬲漰ҵʲȫת˳ȥϽҵӪ
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š
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š
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ͨûҩǱܣһͻƻڣҪ羳ɱԣҲȵ컹ѣ϶вΪ֪ĻɣطĿź档
⣬ֻ۹һΪطƾḻɱ֮⣬Ӧûơ
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ᣬӹǰԲѷҾǹҪɱ㣬㽫ж޹ҲΥ档ɺ֣ͨˣԲѷѵҲϸ˵ֶЩΥ߲ܶͨ˳ֵȹ涨
ˣ֣˶㣬ûд㡣Ϊɡ֣ơȡǻʦѧ粻ĵĹ涨ʦ裡
˵ͣһ£ż˵ӱ˵黪֯ΪһԱԣҰϼ׳뻪֯ͬ䲿֡оؾ洦ԴΪ䡪𣿡
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֪ǿȱȥ
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֮С
ط粢е⣬˵ʵұȽϺ棬һ죬뿪˻ģ᲻ڣ
ৣ
ৣ
Ȼ仰ɣգɫͳͳһ䣡
Ҫ֪طǿԻɱ۷ʦĴڣҲȫĻ۷ʦ
һУطѳΪȫֵǿ֮һǱޣпʶۣ֮
һ£ط뿪ģ˵ΪʲôǽΪĵľ޴ʧ
Ҳͻ֯ĵ飡
ǷģҲ뿪ģᱳѻġԴҴϾװһҾͽĸӡҵԺҵѲǾˣһˣһμžұĸ֣
ط粻ɺտڣٴ˵

طĻɡ˾˿
طٴνĿͶɣ⣬׳ںʵʱ򣬰Ҹؽһ仰
ʲô
ѿʵ
Ƚĳһ죬طֿκһҺᲢ۵ʱ𣿡
طȻս˫ȭһһ
ᡣ
вԼͬӿֳһͬĴ𰸡


1119 ʢ
ϸɡ֣ط˫ȣ̷ǵûطˣһٶ飡
˭ܸңطƾʲôҲڽ£
ѵطعؼ𣿡
طعؼңҲûбҪط˾ηʲôΪ֪Ļ𣿡

ͬ쫷һ㴫ڻ̽˾޴񶯣Ҳڻ顣
һУֻΪطϸ۵Ϊк֤ܶߣϢһʱ䴫Ҽԭ˵ʱĳ
ط֮Уǻɱԣշ飬ǱⲿŹ뾳ЩǺܻܵ飬ȫͷ͸鱨֮⣬֪Ļ˺١
Ҳϸ¼ԭ֮һ
Ļʲôطͷģӡ֤һʵط粻ǣ
󣬸ֲ²⡢ı۲ҲûһϿɵĴ𰸣Щ̽ĴһµĿ
ǻר˶ԼĺǧҪ۵ȥط磬ԼļǴ
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ҵС̣ˣҲҪʱ;ѧϰˣ춯Դϣ취ط繴֣
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Ůط硢Ȼ˵Ĺϵ˰ۼţְвλ˵һЩԷ֪Ȼǳ¾ǻطߵŮˣɫġʱֻǿ
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ݵĳĬĺٴοڣֱӸıԡȴӺ
裬¾нĳɾͣطṩƽ̨ԴȻҪҲǹؼһİط罫ȫֵǮĹ˾Ҳ治ת
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ϣӸ۰ҽԺתۼŵרضȻס455ҽԺĸ١ǿһѵԸ뿵
磬ڰź֮󣬽ط羾Լİ칫ѵʮӣطѾܾûȥ԰ĳԷˡ
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޷󣬵Ǿط౩¶֮ں𶯣


1124 Ů
Ϊռһƶߣؼ̳ھѧ²Ϊľһ̩ɽʤļ
֮⣬û丸ҵݽٳλһĳѧоУΪֱ磬ߡ
ⱲԸ
һھѧоΪҾ÷չס
ڶ붫ѧȫУʦͬŬöѧΪȫ֪ѧ
Ŀǰѧڹ㲻϶ѧֻһѧҺ̶ܴΪѧУľùѧԺȫΧ󣬽廪ѧԺ
ĵԸ˵ܶĿΪˣζѧ׶ѧĽӡ
Ϊ׶ѧǺһѧȫǰʮǰʮԶǶѧɱȡ
󣬶ѧŰǰ׶Ǯвŵĸġ
ѧôķɻöǮ
ǻ֮һһѧݵسвʵ
ȻΪֳͥвţһŮǸողѧУ԰Сѧá
ڹȥ굱УвŪŮ̥Ķλ
ǮҪҰֵһ⡣
вŵȻһЦƺܵ͵ʵǵ͵װ13
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ϾڵᣬһõҲŬһӻãοвǿƵ֮
ںܶѧ൱Ӯˡ
һĽĿ⣬вΪ̹
ȻһĸѧϰɼáΪ˴ȣҲܼͥǮԽС
ܵͬʱ⿴ԼԱߵĳ¾ֳ¾޶֮΢΢Щʧ
ͨѧԣ֮ӮңԳ¾ԣԽпԡ
¾Ȼڴɽƾطṩƽ̨ŬΪֵıŵӣǰۼҵ޽CEO
ĳ˵¾Ȼǻ̽ܶĿеĶ׸˶ȢؼҵţҪǽնԷĲƲ
вҲ⡣
Ȼڶ̽ͷ˾ʲֵڣۼŻûȡ
¾ѧã׶ѧѧϯǺҵĺĳԱδпܻᵣҼ
вźܺõĵǷʧһ΢Цس¾֮ǰйϵȵ׶֮󣬰¾ѧһ£Ͱۼ˵ӦöĪİ
ллѧ
¾΢ЦлȲ׽Ҳ֣ľ롣
֮Ͱˡ
вŵȻһЦƺǫѷʵڴţƤ
ȷԶѧѧϯϵȥʼֱʯ󺣣ûеõκλظ
¾û˵ʲôǷѧϸؿ
鿴ѧд˺ܶעͱʼǣȻúϸ
вȻ¾죬¾ڿ飬ֻýߵĻʻضӡ
ͬʱطλϡ
ԭطΪ˱ŵ˽Ӵص棬˹
Щ֪ʲô
ѧúʶһˡ
𣿡
طȣΪ˱Ⱪ¶صؿͬ
š
صͷʡ̬Ҳ񡣶ңһӵйػ
صʢޣطûлӦ׼ȷ˵֪λӦ
ҹۿ˵ͣصسĹҡһΪĴڡ
̾˿Ժиֳйطļ䣬ǵûѿҺܶæġ
ǲԼ¶Ȼع񣬿طѧӦö˵ط磬ѧУȻ¾ϵܺá
˭˵㣿ط˳ڽӵ
ֹ㡣
ؿЦһô˵ɡǰǸвţ쵱Ǹˣʲڣ׷¾ʸûСطȻǳ¾ĸ磬֪¾ʵϲطģֻûȥ׷ط硣Ϊһûкطһʸ˵׷ʸûС

ٴصĻط粻ЩԾ
һ棬ܸ֮ܵжԼİĽ⡣
ΪҪǣؾȻ˵¾ϲ
Ǹѧһʱûס죬ϣܶҸղŵĻܡؼ״ʶԼʱɲ
š
طͷӦ
˵Ҳ֣Һ㲢ʶȴ㽻ġ
ٴοЦȻ̾˿ΪҸղǷ̫ˣû˵̫ˡ
ֲħ֣ʲô˵ģطЦ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôٰҵѣҶû˵Щ
˵زطϴΰѵΣϵҸͬµĴɫôҲڲסⱲõĻ䡣

طԣа̾˿
˵֮ǰֻǻضԼ飬ôⷬԿ϶һ㡣
һ죬֪Ҿط磬֪кθ룿
̾ط̲סԼ
ûд𰸡
û뵽һԶеĸ죡


1125 Դİ
׶ɳƺǣǴ׶ҲΡáƼĻģʮУҪڳ֮һ
ʴʻĺȼٳʴڵϣ׶52ʴ15ǹʿ˼˵ĺŦ޵6λæĹʻ
Сʱ󣬶Ŀͻ׼ʱؽʴʻȻָͣλ
ͣλԣͣͣ׶ѧУ־һȺʦӻ
վţдСӭѧšĺõǺģûġ
Ϊ׶ѧѧϯҺӵܵͽҺӵ̩ܽڻӭȺС
Ȼѧݣվں־׶ѧһЩ쵼ڵǰ档
ҲӲӡ֤׶ѧĵλ
ӺԺ־Ϊ׶ʦӭųԱע£ǼжѧųԱĿͻͣλͣȡ
Ŵ򿪣ĴŶѧʦŻ¡
һĻ־׶ѧһУһϽںǰһ롣
Ȼ־ģĻ䱸롣
Ļ˵ǴＴ㲻˵Ҳ˵
־Ľ顣
һ棬󲻵Һӵܣ׶ѧѧϯԶУίԱĹмලͽ飬ȨС
һ棬־νĻһִٳɵģ
һ£־ȻҪҵٰν
ܿ죬Ĵ˴ӷɻ£վھ뺫־˰׵ĵط
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ΪĲѾΪľ̩ɽҲ羭ո¶ͷǣͳΪδʮĶӰĻ֮һ
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ãУл׶ѧ趫ѧνѧϰĻᣬҲлǵӭӡ
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ͺӴ־Ĵкǰ֣ȿڣ￴𾴣ʵΪԴ󡢿֮⣬ûмܹķۣ
ţ
ȻĻ־ͺӴ־˾һ
Ƕû뵽ĵʱһҲΪҺӵܺ׶ѧѧϯİԴ
֮࣬Ҳ޷ֹˣֻǽĿͶΪ׵ĶѧųԱ
ৡ
󣬶ѧųԱɫͳͳˡ
ھһ˵Դ󡢿ĻͬʱһЩҲЩջص
ͬѧĵشﲩƾõʷÿʱнܳһЩ˸Ϊķչ˾޴Ĺס
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Уǫ顣
ȲرԼ̧ģϵЦʧɿĵ֡
ͬѧǫ飬ʵˡţлȥһ˻ģһߡһһ
ĵϻָŵЦݣֵúܴȣͬʱҲһҶ֪Գ˴緶ѲǰĻˡ
á
̲ӦһĵǷҲȻ޴档
λǡ
ļ״󣬶ǳ庫־͡Ӵ־˽ܶѧŵҪԱ
־͡Ӵ־Ⱥ֡
ͬѧλǶѧѧϯвͬѧǿԶཻΪвţǶλܡ
У֮ǰѾͬѧˡ
û뵽Ļ¡صؽԼвЩܳػһ䣬ȻǰҪ֡
ҵ˵㷢һʼΪ̫æˣ˲Ͽ
ͷֺ˵ţȻֱӴвŵǰ߹ȫвŵ˿
ৣ
вվԭأϵļȻ޴棬ȡ֮һΣǸо޲Ҹطȥ
֮࣬ⵣǵؿų¾
ڷɻϣԳ¾ţƤҪΪ¾󣬽󵱳
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ţ
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¾üͷһûлش
ʺ˵һӭ͡
һЦһ޿֡
á
¾üͷ
Ⱥ󷽣ط΢΢۾


1126 

һʱ䣬˳¾Ⱥ󷽸Ļݵط֮⣬˶һ
ǶûвԳ¾ĵ⣬û뵽¾Ȼйϵ˵¾ĸطԨԴ
УвϵαŨǸо޲һ鶹ײ
ķɻϴҪ¾ʶȫ·һ˲˵һʶ¾ĸط磬ó¾Լط确ʺ򡯣һӭط͡
Ϊ֮ȵͬʱ¾ܹظܵĵ⣬Ҳղ˵ʺ򣬻ǻӭͣк壬Ǿв
֪طͺʲôںͳޣʶû˵ʲô
Уϳɡ
˵ʲô־
á
ĵͷͬ⡣
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ĴŶŵĳԱ׶ѧ򵥵ĻӭʽһλŮϵĻ֮󣬱һ͡
һߣ־Ҳ׶ѧʦϳ
Уͽ̩档
٣ǸطûҰвⳡǰ׷ˣ̩ѹʵ
ǰ죬̩˹ӽף˴νҵıĿΪ˽طȻػԪ̫طɱ
ڲ֮󲻻
Цڻ֪Ԫ͡Ԫ̫̩Ѿνط磬ɱļƻ
Ҳǣƺÿζ˳֮Ϲȥġ̩ȻȻٶ˵˴ͳ
ͬʱطڶѧȺ۾ֱгһ϶
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ԼδȻͬʱҲӿֳһĨɱȻҪ£ֵ壡

һСʱ֮󣬶ѧĴͳִ׶ѧһǼƵ꣬˷׷³ûյǼס˵䣬׶ѧ񵥡
¾ص֮ϾƵߣȻͨطͨ
磬й𣿡¾ʳеɻ
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ط˵ҵĽԵɣȻνҰв߻ġӦ׼μӣ㵱նȻֶԸҡ

ȻνĻ³¾ʼѣһ侲Ҳòᣬ硭磬ô죿
СģȻҸˣȻǲµġ㾡ҪμҲܲμӵĻطĵ
á
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⣬鲻Ҫˣ塣ط룬ѵ
֪һֱΪöѧΪһѧŬڴ˴νӡ
һ£Ǹ࣬ĶԾһصĴ
طԲԸ⿴ģ
ȷ¾ȫǰ£ô˴ν˳С

ط¾ͨͬʱɽׯ1ű
鷿Ԫǰһ֧ѩѣһվǰ
ϰ壬ط粢ûи涫ѧ⣬ϵ˹鱨ź͵鱨֯ȷϻطҲûǱ뺫һػ㱨
֪ˡ
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ǣϰ塣
˵һʱһѰʿգǬʿӵлڵʵ𱣻Ԫ͵İȫͬʱҲ䵱Ԫ͵˾ʹͲ
һСʱΪδӰ˵̩1ű鷿Ԫ͡
ףҡ
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̩£Ǭʿղһ㱨طǸСûϢȷϣӦû⡣Ԫ˵
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֪طѾ˺֪ҵı
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ۣ֮


1127 ܷ
Ϊ֪˴˴νԼһıطص˽˽İţ֪ܹ졣
һϣѧŲι׶ѧͼݡõĵطڴӴ־Ľ
Ӵ־׶ѧĽڣҲǺ̩ɽλڻ£綼һ
ڶ죬˫ſʼнڴýݽ˫Уѧݽѧ˫Ÿһѧдѧ
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ǰʱΪѧֻѾ˼׼Բϡ
һ磬׶ѧУ־ͬ£طͶѧŵȫԱι׶ѧ
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òٶѧŵĳԱ۽磬ͬʱ󲿷Щ
Ϊڲι۵ĹУ׶ѧʦѧֵúԴʢˣǸо·׶ѧõѧ
òι۽ЧۿۣͬʱڴҲʧüͷʱ
Ȼνенϴ롣
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ΪӢаŴѧڵĺܶУѧУĵ̡ΧǹԶ׶ѧɱȡ
ǶѧܹӢУнгڽĻѧ֪ȺӰž޴ĺô
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壬ҿ˴˴νİţСҪΪѧѧ֮⣬Ҫ׶ѧѧѧд衢Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ҽͲҪСμѧд轻ˣϰɡطٴ˵
㲻˵ҲˡţȻҪСȻСȥμѧд轻ˡ
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ͬʱ
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ģԭǸг¾֮ѧддҸ׵ɾ޴ѹ»򺫹ʩѹصش绰ңŪ
ЩƵ˵ţȻӣһͽӡ
٣ȻܴǸӣԴڱĹаǵ·س˵ǰ
ȻĻڶһȻ̩һЦһ£ǻ֪ѧֵѧҵֵϰڹ˾CEOձ±Ҫʹɣ
ã͡
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ҲǰһɭЦݣǸо·Ѿ˳¾Уڱ䳡Σȴ֪ĶѾط磡


1128 ¶
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⻰һʱֳһ궯
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1129 ĵֶ
ĴĻͨ豸쳹ȫͬһը죬ɫһ䣡
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ȻطǰԤ룬ҪԳ¾ʲôһ׼Ҳû뵽Ϊӵܵ󣬾ȻһĵֶԳ¾
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ֳ˵ı֣վݽ̨ϣ΢Ц٩٩̸Ϊڼпйϡеһй⻷ǸС˸ġ仰˵ûǸˣֻһӴɽ߳ŮһͨĶѧѧⱲԶܳΪľѧֵѧܵϰڼŹ˾CEO

˵ⷬټöʱһ궯
ԭһأôܹʤϰڼŹ˾CEOԭİ
Ǹ¾ȻƯԸУܹͨԼ廻ȡݡλͲƸֱ׬
СǸ˵ǺηʥȻԸݣ
ֳЩ׶ѧʦ˲䡮߳ˡھ̾󣬷׷׺棬¾׸˭С
һܺ汳ˡţǸ˽ط磬ڻͦġ
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٣һСӣ£̸ʲôȫ򻯾ãЦˣ
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ַʽԼ̬ȣڴ࣡
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ڳ¾ܹΪֽڵѧ͵ΰۼCEOȷطΪṩƽ̨ԭ򡣡
˵ͣһ£Ȼٴοڣ֮ǰ쳹ã¾ûʲôֽڻôֵϰڵİۼŶ¾ֺ͹ɶͬCEOô


1130 ໥
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˵ʲô
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Һܺ棬ƿһȫ֪ҵңôһûнĺңòƻ˵㱻δĽӰ֮һģֻ˵⽫Ǻҵѣ
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ৡ
ȻⷬԵĺ־ɫ˲ͱˡ
ӹĽǶ˵ǲϲ󣬶ҺһΪ̫Ŀûн䵱׶ѧѧϯҲ֪ĸ̩ѱڶΪҵĽӰˣڲõĽΪȨƵˣ
ܹˮΪδӰѡ֮һԭܣյĽûг֮ǰһеĵλҲԺյġ
ͬҲӲͷƤѡѧϯԭ򡪡ǲ󣬸ﲻ󱳺ң
ģȻ˵Һ㣬ңںƬϣ
ͬʱҲҲЦݣеֻŭ⣬һɷضģ޲õˡ
Ҹղ˵໥ģҪ˵µ㸸̩ºүүԪ͵棬Ҳ˵ղǷŵĻ԰Ǻ
ȫ֮¶вͷŭǺػӦȻֱӽĿŲ̨µ׶ѧʦ棬Ҿͳ¾ͬѧһ¡һͬͬѧղ˵طͳ¾ȷùϵҾͲظˡ
ڶ¾ܹΪҸ׵ѧȷΪطҸƼҸΪ¾Ϊŵӣ̳¾ڹȥһʱ¾һֱǸѧϰģ١ҽоͷԵѧû֮һ
ۼǶһ֪ҵζ¾ϯҲǶѧѧȻͳ¾ͬһģͬѧҲǼΪҪõĽáţŮǶǺýá
¾ܹΰۼŵCEOطƼԭҲг¾ۼŶ¾ϯȻ˽ϵõԭ򣬵ҪĻ֮ͬǰͬѧ˵¾ʤǸλԴӳ¾ΰۼCEOۼŵľӪ롢ȶԶͬڡ
ģûڱĻţûطִ֣ۼŲҪ˵չͱ̵ˣ
ĵĻ£ٴοڣ⣬㲻Ҫؾᣬطͳ¾Ȼùϵסһ
סһô
ĺܲشĻڼʮǰǻĻûзչʱǻĵũ壬һʮסһ𣬼˯һŴ洦ɼ󡣡

ֵЩˣ޷ҵĻе©Ҳ޷óʵ֤ط¾˵Ĺϵ
־УȻҲ֪УͬѧΪʲôҪУ¾ͬѧҶڽݽʧҵУ˫Ӧͨݽ˽⣬ٽ飬ͬʱ˼ײղ˺ûе˽Уѧ
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Ǹ¾ͬѧΪղ˵һУǵǸ
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ϯϣطۣѧĻԳ¾֣
һϲ


1131 ͼ
ʮӺݽεнˡ
Ϊղŵ飬ݽܣøܡ
ݽ֮Ϊ˵ĽͽܽԷԣ߶ȱĺͳ¾˵ݽ
ַʽĺͳ¾еŭ⣬ӶȷԼȥ
֮⣬ݽֲֻᡪˣڽ˰̣
Ȼ󾡹αװѾܳɫˣ϶һӻ
Ž͵ܽԷԽϵĽҲˣ׶ѧͶѧʦǷ׷뿪
Уղŷ飬бǸұ֤ٳˡͬʱ־˹ص豸Ǹ
ղ·ʱȻûзȻϯҲûӦ־ú־ûףȻĻȡĻ
ղţΪ˱֤ĻУǿŭǸӲͷƤݽ
ǻȡ֪ʲô
οĿǰ֪ҰŪĿģһΪĹûλ»ȡҾԲƹ
ںĵλȨƣĸֻҪ죬УֱǷַӵ顣
ϣɡ
ĵӦһ䣬Ȼ뿪
ͬʱŽ̩ȹѾ뿪˴ãֱ߽Աһңҹ˷ţ׼˽룬Ǹо·𵱳Լһ㡣
ģǸǸҪΪǻô
ǣ뵱үүΪ˭ͳҲ
ģǸصСӣȻҵڷ٣ֱˣ

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̩ǸصСӽ㴦Ҳʲô취ҪҵĽڣ
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طԸ˵ֶһѪطķ޷ջᷢһ
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طĵĵڣǸĿģŻһתһĨɱ⣬ȻűҲ֪ѵ³


1132 
ѧ׶ѧĽΪݽѧѧֽ
ѧ׶ѧݾС
׶ѧֻ䳡ûб䳡
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㿪ʼ׶ѧʦ½򳡡
ȵʱ򣬳˹ϯм䲿֮⣬ϯ
ʮ֣طĵȶѧŵĳԱ׶ѧУ͵ͬ£򳡡
һΣȫʦӭӣӣ붫ѧݽ볡ʱ֮
һУֻΪ־ص˶ֱڣȻĻͻȻȡл
ȻΪ׵ûӭӣûйƣǷ׷ײؿų¾Ǹо·ѾȲ뿴ͳ¾ѧдˡ
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ΪУЩȭѧǺĴڡ
طǺ޷Ӧ
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طԣֻӵıݸûκιԿԡ
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ط磬ֱжûκμԿԡ
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ҲſͨѧͶԸ¾ԭ
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1133 ڴ
װĸλʦλͬѧҪеǽѧĵڶѧд衣
׶ѧУֳֻͲ˵ѧд轫׶ѧѧͬѧ붫ѧѧ֮У׶ѧȭȨαѧдĲС
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طı䣬úݣֱǸڴӡСã
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Щǣطһƽ


1134 һƳ鷭
ԭΪطĵǳַǷ׶ѧʦǶѧߣ˶Ϊطܶˡ
У׶ѧһЩѧΪط紩һ˶ǶⳡĲأҲǶĲأ׶ѧͺѧأĶݺݵؽѵط硣
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1137 ưոݣ
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1138 վҪ
ҹĻ٣ƳϣʹھƵƻͨͬһ貵ҹ飬׶ѧĿ
Ƶͳ׷
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̲סЦǸо·Ѿ¾Լ£ԼݲеĻ棬ȴ֪Ѿ


1139 ˣ
׶ѧźͶѧҪƻᣬʹھƵ궥¥ľȱֻ˫ŵĳԱţҪʾ֤
˵ӵʱ򣬾洦ɼ׶ѧͶѧѧ֡
ȥװװеͳһװƤЬŮΡ߸Ͼµױݣ˼ѧ˼ݲĳԸС
Ⱥվһڿԣźƣʲô·ȫ˫ڴ˴νеĲ졣
Ψһء
߸ЬŨױ첢δĴ磬ͬʱһβգһװһ˫İЬ˳ഺϢ
һſλϣŤͷԽ׶ҹ۵ףûͣĿʼնſڡ
Ĳˡ
ţţ̲ס̾˿
֮ȣΪ˲μƻǡ
Ȼ˵μƻᣬײײһء
֪ԼǣҲ˽ǵĹȥֻΪʵ̫طˣ
ͨǽӴط˼
ʼûг֣˵ʧ䡣
ʧ֮࣬óֻط΢ţ鿴ȦͬһһƬհס
޷طµĶ̬
ǷʧֱߵȻֻ׼뿪
С㣬ǾƵ֪ļβƣҪƷһ𣿡
͵׼ʱһ߶˹Ϸһɫ޵ļβƣɾȵĵʦոյġ
лл
ԭط俴顢ϢߵĻǴδļβƣͻȻȱ¥
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ֻһͷĿѣѸٳߣ˼̱ϡ
ô£
֣Щš
Դ뼷ᣬμӵľۻᡢƻ᲻һþ۰׾ơƻƣƿϣܺȰ뱭βƾͳ
Զλϣ̩ʹӢȨصķӦ󣬱˴˶һۣȻЦų

ͬʱ̨ĵʦ̾˿
غȵǱģһҩ
ҩսָ̩ʾŵġ
ȻδǿŰɫҩǸǿҩҩãдĹЧ
жϵһ̣е֪俹ܣûоܾ̩Ҫ
ǲ룬ǲҡ
ֻһײĵʦǵ̩Ķ竣׶û֮пܶ޷̫
̾ĵʦؿҡͷͼԼһЩ
Ȼ
һУѹ޼¡
ֻԴԽԽƤأ·ʱҪ˯š
ʶ˸ղźȵľ⣬㿴Ӱ
ΪҩԵʣܵӰ죬ֵӰȻϳԼߵĹӡ̩ʹӢȨУʼƨƨߵظΪǰǸ˶ܿĸࡣ
֣ظӼᶨԼжϣͬʱӿֳ˲õԤСԷҪԼʲô
ͷ֣ؼѵŲӣյֻǰ沿ʶȻ󼸺þȫڣʮ΢Siriг¾
صСǳɹֲͨͨ˳¾ĵ绰
ӣӦͦġ
ͬʱ̩ʹӢȨ˹н̩һЦصֻȵ绰ͨҶ˵绰
һУ̩ʹӢȨֱͣߵصǰһһҵطء
̣к롭ҩҩЧױ⣬ָˣֻɽ̩ʹӢȨ˲ȥ
ôѧţ
һĻһЩѧѧЩ棬иǰ
ǰǸĻ滣ųƶѧĽʻ뾡취ȦӼѧǺһȨ͡
ʱвſˣزİ֪صĹȥҲǵŭΣ˿㿪ڣд˼
ȻвŵĻǼǰĶѧѧһ£Ȼͣ˽Ų
ȻвŵĻȻͣǰڹúӶ£û׼һɧ
Ϊû̩ʹӢȨ˺˳ؽط˾ȣȻݿڡ
ˡ
Ȼֻ𶯵
¾ػص绰ˣ
ֻصʶ΢һ˿Ȼ޷޷˵޷绰
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طԭһֱڶͳ׷¥ļػ棬ȴٴγ֣˿¾ĻĿѸתƣͶ¥¥ļػ棬Ȼ˫΢գŲ鸡һ̩࣬ʹӢȨݿڡ
СжǶԵģصȷˣҩ
صӣطȻӦ˳¾ȥ
á
¾һʶػӦ
ţ
طҪҶϵ绰ǰȥӪأȻһɫװ䣬ɱشͳ׷߳
֣һʱʶҪˣĿпԼͳ¾
һرҩһҪԸ¾
Σ٣


1140 ֶ
¥ȣ׶ѧͶѧŵѧڰѾԻ൱Ǣȫ֮ǰв׵ԺҲûȥעصױ̩ʹӢȨ˴ȥ
٣Ȼû磬ĺʶǼƷ
ӢȨ̩һһҵزأĿ̲ס´أüĿ֮
мء
̩״ֹҪļһˬ꣬ǿˬ
á
ӢȨЩ˼ջ֣Ȼ뵽һᷢģͷһȣСȣ޲̽ؾ͵
ٻҪݲǸг¾ӣеĿˡ
̩ҲЦطµҩܰԵ߻ȫ̱ڵûУһҩЧЧ̱ɷĸάʮСʱ
߲йĻ˷
ҩΪҩûУ¾϶ټӵһϵ򵽡
ˡ
Ž̩Ļ£һ촫
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ǲϵ䣬֪ǡղŸ̩ӢȨȥء
ɨһۣĿͣһ룬Ȼݡ
̩ʹӢȨ״æ߳ݡ
ղ˭Ϣÿ£
ŵŹϣӢȨһµ
Ӧұڡ
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ֱ6İ
ܿ죬ٴͣ£ޱ߳ݣһָʾƣת621䡣
طķ䡣
׼ȷ˵ǵķ䡣
ȻɱǣȻȥ¾ķ䣬γ¾¾ͳ׷󡮳ͷ¾
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֮621ſڣûżţϸĶûκ
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䰵ԼȻóһžƵͨõķϡ
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⿪Ŷ룬Ϸţٶȼ졣
ͬʱ񾭡һͷҰޣʱᷢ
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֣üͷ
첽߳䣬ϷţȻ623編ƣͨõķ623ķš
ͬ621һ623յġ
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뵽˴ͣ뿪䣬ݣ׼϶¥ȥ¾
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طų¾ͨ¥ݣ˰¥
ĵķڰ¥
ؼǿۣҪɱ¾ľ棬طûоţǵһʱϡ¾͵ĵķ䣬ȻԼ¥ȥء
ȻںȨ죬ǻһѧУǻľ̩ɽݡλԺա
طţҾԲҶһëҲãҲգԻĵŭ
Խʱջĵʵ͹ʵλĺܲĵŭ
ҲҶĵĻȻȥĵķ䡣
һĵķƵȫĵط
顪
طų¾ĵķſڣֱ˷š
ӺĴ˷ţط¾һС磬Сôһˣ
壬Сڷţδӵҵĵ绰֮ǰﶼҪȥطʣΪࡣ
áã
طĻطһģ֪ˡˣʶûжʣֱӴӦ
ط粻ٷϻֱתһͬһ㣬ٱͨ
Ԥƣش˿Ѿͽͳ׷
ʱ䲻ˣֶ룬ٶȸϵͳ׷Ӫء
ٶȣͨ¥Ҫȵݿö࣡
Сʲôˣ
ۿطȥĹϷţת¾ʵ
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¾˵ţԺﲻֳȺݽѧдУΪԼطĻ棬üĿ֮ŵǡ
ϲأҲϣطκ⣬οѸı䣿
쵰
Ȼ¾Ļһ󺱼رŭ뵽ط֮ǰĻŭ


1141 ˭جΣ
ͬطԤƵһٳͨʱ򣬽̩ʹӢȨѾشͳ׷
٣ﻹȥңӢȨվ׷Ŀʵ
ѣһأʵ
ҩЧһҪʮӣڻʮӡ
̩ڻصҩҵģùֹһΣ൱˽⡣
ûа취
üͷȻһа뾡췢йҲԸغ޷ӦžžžȤ
Сˮһ壬ԼҩҩЧһЩȻҩЧЧ̩ٴδᳵ·
ǻŸʲôԡҳϴȻҡָʾ
õģ٣
̩һʱӦȻӢȨѸٽشԡңԡ棬ԡͷ

ˮ䣬˲ʪصͷȻ˳յ䣬Ⱦʪ͸·
Ӻصһ˫ۻԭãȻ϶һʹࡣ
ָһ˿ʶԼڱˮܣʶ
ϧӴ·̫ˣûʪջ󡣡ӢȨ۷ŹضأЩź˵
ȻӢȨĻøˣȻԭ徹ȻָһЩȻվ
ҩҩЧˣ׼ȥһĻ̩˵
㡭ʲô
·Ϊӡ֤̩ĻƵģĻ£صָ˸ԡҵǽţҡҡ׹վֶŭضŽ̩ʹӢȨˡ
ʲô
ӢȨЦһӵָ٣ٺܿͷ㣬ȻǽٺҡǶ鵽Ůζ
⣡
ʶһ㣬ӢȨ˵ڣŵͷһȻʶسȥһˣһ߾ֵغҪ
һ޴ˣ
Ƶԡҵǽǡ
߰ɣҪˡҪ˵ҩﻹûлָûзҩʱҲͽ͵ģ̩ЦһȻǰȥץصļ
ʶػ֣һץ˽̩ϡ
̩һ٣ȥԼ
ž
Ƚ̩𣬴ӢȨֱ֣һƳϣٴνشڵأӣ㻹ҷ
£ӢȨץסصͷȻһϳԡңԡ
һ㣬Ҫˡ״һЦҡ
ܿ죬رӢȨϽңӢȨɿ֣ض٣ӵĺãһҩЧһˬ
š
´һǰ͹µĽЦŵͷȻ뵽ʲôѵˣһλıȥɱǸǵĻˣȻὫ¾ǸСӴˣڿһᡣ
õģ٣
ĻӢȨֱŹ⣬ֻСˡ
ԭٴأʱ񱻴Ƶһ㣬й̱ڵأյϳžֺ;
Ϊ֪ǳ¾ħצǸط缫Ҳɥ
طöã
֮࣬ԺвֳطӰȦʱһƬͨ죬ˮ
顪
Ӧһ졣
ԣ˳ֹ˷š
ɲǼ䣬ֻجν٣
飡
ʱһΪ촫
ͳ׷⣬ط缰ʱϵһ߳µֱӦɡ

̩ʹӢȨɳϢȴ£Ȼ죬ǾͷһʶؿſڣʵľһֻĴ񣬺Х
飡
󣬲Ƚ̩ʹӢȨ˴лعҲκηӦصķص˽̩ϡ
ۡ
̩Դͬѵһ㣬˲䱻ҳϡãӼĳѪɣѪԽ˴ӢȨһ
ͻһĻŵôӢȨɤӣ˲˹ȥ
ʶ˰һֵѪԽȻ󿴵طϤİףǴײһ㣬ܵվͼԡ
ǹĵһӦ
µʱܻһʱԼˣѰӻ
Ȼ
Ϊʵ̫־壬ӢȨǴһ㣬϶£Ҫ˵ܣ߶ܼѡ
ȴӢȨһطͬһǰסȥ·

ӢȨŵüһްղſصͶԴصĲбеֻǴδйĿ־壬Ҫ
顪
꣡
ӢȨȻֹȡ֮͹ѵ
طһţؿڣǰ߹˲飬ͬɵİһɶֻ顱һصײǽϣȻأѪٲȻѾˡ
ô£
ѵ·Ϳӣ׼ŪϴĶغһȻš
һ̡
㱻ŵ̱ڵϡ
Ϊ
ԼӻȾѪ
ǸԭӦȥĻ꣬ȴͬһվǰĿɭض
ͻһĻجһ㣬ţ
Ȼ
جβŸտʼ


1142 һӣجαΣ
ҵķǿŵģطؿػʪ͸ڵϣŴͷЩ죬۽ǹۣһҶģ
˿̣ŷϳ𾪣
ΪҲط硣
׼ȷ˵ǣ
ڸղţ󲻿һ˵ǻᱻɱ¾ᱻδ
ضˣο
⡭ôܣôܻţ
ſڣϳžԭأȷ·һ㣬ϵشŰӣвϵԼ
ΪҲû뵽ǰǵ껹š
Ϊýֺͷ뵽ǳζʲôԲŹ
·Ϊӡ֤жƵģط翴ؿȥ޴󰭺󣬰˿ȻĿͶ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ֻñһ㣬ɫٴһ䣬еĿ־ͬɽ緢
ҡǺˣʲôұ֤޷뿪
־֮࣬ܵذԼ̣˵еĿ־˼֣һ˼š
Ϊ׶û˸Ҷ
ң
ž
ӦһĶ⣡
طһΣһ˲ǰһӣһƳϡ
ꡪ
һ죬Ӧ
طһķڵأ
ѧдʱͬһƣطȻȻܹܵġ
ƹ£·𴥵һ㣬ҳ鴤ȧ˲ѣѪģʡ
һķ֮طûм֣Ǵ߹ҡ
ɴ֮Уһֻؿط磬ôؿš
û°ɣ
صע£ط绺ߵǰӣִļͷʵ
ûû¡
ʶҡҡͷȻлع񣬿ڸлǣл
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Ϊط
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صķӦطףԼղûпıˣӶϳԼ
Ϊˣûмݣ΢΢һЦĬˡ
һ棬ؼȻͨϳݾ˵ȥˡ
һ棬µûݵıҪˡȴ飬ǰҪ˵
㱻ҩˣ
΢Цط粻شлعЩĵʵ
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һ˽طĻУˮߵһ㣬յ£Уе࣬Ҳе
ȿ𣬾ͬһ
һǰӢȨϽңĻ⵽ֻۣجν١
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֪ǲܣֱӾ
һӺڣطͬһǰ
ֽȻжֱ޷ݣ
ֻԼһӴӵãûҲ棡
һжǻþʶرط硣
úܽܽ
Ǹо·һ֣طʧҲجΡ
Ȼ
һ̣طĴĺ󱳣ַʽοʱ֪ⲻΣġ
ǸοԼ̽ˣǸԼζˣǸÿһ鶼Լ˺üˣľԼԼţڰοԼ
һɴδйļϲóģ޵øˣҸ۵ˮ
ûиеﲻ
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ҡû£͡ǸоϿʼЩȣСЩ
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£糺ͨˣ籱³ĺᡣ
Ȼ
صĻӡ֤طжϣͬʱüͷ
ȻûнӴҩԸҩİ֪ҩˣ뷢йڵĻ𣬲ָܻһЩҩЧԵҩ˷ϵſԣŻѪţյѪѹļѪ
ţ
͵ط˼ΪʱԶĽŲ
ǽŲȻ΢ĶС
֮⣬ӦһߵϢ
ˣһ£Ҵˣٰҩ
ط֪Ǹұȥˣصļͷڶ
š
˵ͷĪ١
ط粻ٷϻɿصļͷתȥ
ৣ
ͬʱͳ׷ſڣŲɣɳϣѹһˣȾѪɫȻһ䣬ӿֳ䲻õԤУ
Ȼ
һ˲䣬лع񣬻Ѫд߶ھһͷݵԱһ㣬ͳ׷
һ̡
ĽŲһ٣ȻȥɱǴѪģصſڡ
ৣ
ʱطһιȥͻȻ˹۾һ۱㿴վǰ䡣
һȻǿ˾һ㣬شǡǸңɱɱˡ
Ļ˵һ룬Ȼֹ
Ϊһ˫ųǰ
طվſڣ۶䣬ڿһʬ壡


1143 ߹һ
Ѻ󣬿֣ˮ֮ץһžݣޱȣֿܿط˫ţŵû˵Ļ
طһŽ
֣֪ʲô𣿡
Ļ£лعɱڵؿڣ
顪
Ӧһ졣
ط˵һԵ󣬺ͬƤһ㣬ٴκɶ
꣡
ţѵǰ߹Ǵѣ̵Ѫ쭶
٣
ɫ䣬һ˲ס󣬽ǰ߹ǼȫϣûƷβ´Ѫɡ
֣ŭӣ
ǣʲộȥҲû
ŭǣط羹Ȼҵ֣
ŭ֮࣬һʱӿڴͳһҩƿһɫҩ¡
ػԪ̫úҩصƵҩЧѣֻҪѵƣڶʱȶָơ
ΪҩҩЧѣҲ֮أʵŽʿǰҲֵֻţʮʿûʸӵС
ƽʱȻǲóı˿ΣֻʹȾ
һĻط粢δڳ֣󡪡ãһˣ
ò˵ػԪ̫Ƶҩ棬֮󣬲ֹסѪֹã˺תࡣ
ɱɱҪι
ƺת֮Ȼضط磬ɳƵ˵Ǹо޲̽طʬΣ
٣ԵƬ̴̣ȥΡͷȻһԡ
һУĿ絶һɨط磬Ｗһ仰֣ңô
ҲѾʮˡطޱػӦ

ŭһͺȣһٳطɱ
䣬Ӱ֡
ɱⱬѪڣھͬڵĽӣӿұۣ֡

ȭһȭط磡
ȭ
ǺŴ书ǺѧԶִȭɱȡ
䲻ѣһֱǾѧ
Ҫһȭط磡
Ŀһط粻㲻վԭأһ

һĻΪط类ԼһȭסˣǷЦ·ѿطԴһĻˡ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
ৣ
͵̺ſھȭͷطǰʱطһӣƵǰ
ž
ȭײһ졣
꣡
ȭ̺֮ھȻŷȴͬ󺣣֪ȥȫûжطκ˺෴һɿµķӿȶֱֹǡ
⡭ôܣ
ξˣʶҪȭ
ô
طֱΪצǯһסȭ޷Ų֡
꣡
ţط߶ھȭͬһ㣬˲ѣνھֽͬһ㡣

䷢һʹҽУòɢѸٳˡ
Ȼ֪ǰǵֻطߵһΪ˿µʵ֪ѹǵĶ֣ǰͬ߹һ㣬һ
ӵ𣿡
·Ϊӡ֤ǵжƵģطһӰ棬һӣͬ̽ȡһ㣬һץסĲӣȻһᣬӥץСһ
ֻòϱһѵëը˿Ҷֻؿط磺㡭ôôǿ㵽˭
ɱˣ
طޱ³ĸֶ֣Ȼ
꣡
ۡ
ĲӦѣԴֱӷּң̵ѪطȴδմȾһΡ
һ㽫Ѫɢˡ
ѧ˵е񾳣һɱˡ
طȻûдﵽֵز֮ǿһ³磬ɢѪ׾١

һĻΪҩֹסƵٴɵˡ
ɴ۾ضط磬ĿгŲţ
ţʵŽʿǰ䣬طУҼǱطɱ
Ҳ޷ܣԭͬһڵ䣬գ֮һʬʵ
ţ
飡
һ̣طǶһ㣬ֽͷԣ
ųϣ˫۵ɵùԲһĿ
ƺֱԭͬһڵط磬תۼˣݿؽɱ

ͷһĿӣŵüһ֮ҶһɻɫҺ˲ȾʪĿɡ
ˣ
ǵģ
һžݶʧ֮еǰδеĿ־壬Ҳһξãԭ֮
Ҫɱң㣬Ҫɱҡ
־֮࣬ǹ͹һطģΪؿڵƣ¶Ҫˡ
һ̵Ǹںߵүֱ֮
ϵĲһ͵Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮Ŀ־塣
ֻһͷطܹŹ
ģ㻹ûʱ򡣡
طޱ˵ţȻһĺ󾱣ᣬҲԴһᣬֱӻ˹ȥ


ͬʱﴫؼٵĴϢͽ
ţ
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1144 
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ط֮ԭ˫۶Ȼһ޲һڽԷԵ
£Ҫ´ط磬Ϊ̫һˤ˴¡
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һط粻ҵæǰӭء
ΪϵĿϵϥǴ·㣬ٴԵ
ط״æһѷסء
ɲǼ䡣
ǸɲһڵĻʢٴʹط磬˫ַץط·޲̽ط·˺Ȼطڵء

طǹյϢسʧĺУһץط·طӣһĽš
طһڻ𳹵ȼգֽؾ͵Ƶͷ
Ȼ
ͷֻһطƾǿ־ԿӲؿסԼȻһѽر
طһ䶯ǿѹסڵĻ𣬽ضڴϣһֻסصӣһֻԼףȻѸٵؽص˫ְס̶ڴͷ
˫̶ֱصŤӾң˫ҵţ¼ȫ¶ط
һ˱Ұ޵Ļ棡

һĻط־ǿҲ΢΢һһһקӣصϡ
һУط뱻ѣصСϡ

ܵطƴȣֻûһɵʶĽһ
طʶõҩԼеĻҪ£ǲܸĻضᱻǹа
ţط粻ͣд߶ھӿ֣Ȼĳת·ߣصߣԴ˷ʽɢڵҩ

طĶصӲȸӾңԽԽ
ͬԵħϵسط
طʯΪ߶ھվת·ߣصѾˮȾʪ塣
һȦȦȦ

ȦصȻӲֱȻҳ鴤
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صĳ鴤ӣͣ
˻˹ȥ
һĻط粢δġΪ߶ھɢҩҩXXҩ˲䱬ŵ˶ݵݿˡԡ
Ȼݿ˺أϺϵĺˣ𽥻ָҲþˡ
ԴˣطףڵҩѾˡ

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ط߳ң˳ֹҵķţȻóֻͨ˳¾ĵ绰
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ȻһĻǳ¾ģȻһ
ȻԤϵطس֣˵ʬǻǾòᡣ
𾪹ŵ̱ǵѪζеθһ鴤ǿûŻ³
ǸطҩЧԵĴҩҪأҼʱֹ
طԼ˵龭ղţѾɢڵҩΪʱ˹ȥ
طĻĺͳ¾ûжһ¶˿ͬ飬ֺ¡
ط缰ʱϵص³ֱ󡪡кüˣ
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طͷۣһһȥһ񣡡


1145 㵽˭
ͬطԤϵһز޴󰭣ֻΪ̼˷ܹȵѣʱ˹ȥ
Сʱĺͳ¾ĵȴˡ
Уڿȴ
¾֮æǰأˣ
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ûԼĵһ۷õġ
û뵽Լ۷طġ
Ȼطû浶ʵǹطʲôʱоȫοУеһΡ
һΡߵģ¾֪Ѿ֮ǰһУûȥ͡
¾֪طɣȥˣ
·Ϊӡ֤¾жƵģغܿ쿪תƻʵ
š
¾ͷû˵طΪ˱صֻǻشȥˡ

ԣһ̺Ͷط˽⣬Ȼסȥҡֵĺ塣
綣֮Ұ㾡裬Ȼ·Уǰʹݡ
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ٴ֮ǰĻ棬ٴ˷ӦȻҡҡͷ´߽ҵԡңɿϴһӡ
ȻҲµطȥʹݵĿģʶҵʱ䡣
Ӻشų¾·䡢̩ʹӢȨʬ壬΢΢һθһġ
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ʻƵſڣ̲סаԼ

ҳׯ԰
Ԫ̩͡¸ٴ1ű鷿档
ΪδӰˣ̩Ϊܹʱ1űԪͻ㱨ˡ
ףѾϵ̨ȫš鱨šعź͵һЩ鱨֯ʱ̼йػطһУһ뾳ǻһʱ֪Ϣ
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á
Ԫصͷ̩ΪӦҶԳ¾Щ֮طб
绰ǱߵôˣԪͺ˿ڲ裬ֿʵ
ûиҴ绰ڴ绰Ǳ̩ʾ
š
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ˡ
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طڼʻλϣȾѪںλϣڴֻ
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طһԼ
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طжϣͻȻ۾ӳطŶħס
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һǣƣ۵ƺ߳ͬʱطľɫϤͨҳׯ԰ĵ·
ֹ֣ͣŲӣԲ۾˼ؿط磺㡭Ҫȥׯ԰
ˡ
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š
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𣿡
绰̩ͨµ𣬲طһҲˡ
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绰ͷڳɽׯ1ű̩£ĺ֮󣬾ֱӴɳվ
ͨˣҲ
طޱػصȻֱֻжͨ
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طĻʶ˲Ծǰǵ꣬ǿƻɱ䡢̩ʹӢȨˣҽׯ԰Ҫɱĸף
ǲζɱô
طӦȻһӣһץסĲӡ
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һܼѵĲӵܳȻһͷĸһ㣬ٳҳɽׯ
ңʽʼ


1146 ֣˾
ׯ԰1ű
ط̩֮ͨûеһʱԪͻ㱨Ƿزĵ绰
ȴ飬Ȼٻ㱨
Ȼ
˼ε绰޷ٴͨĵ绰
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ô£
Ԫͽ̩µıֿ֪ˣղ̩´ʱûֱֹ˿̲ſѯʡ
˽ٳˣԷҪɱ󣬻Ҫɱҡ
̩¿ڻӦȻ𽥻ָ侲жϣӦǻطɵġ
Ǭʿһ㱨˵ȥ£ô£Ѳ䲻ǻطĶ֣ԪüͷЩš
ΪѾ书˰۷壬ϢֻǰڵʵС磬ǽ֣-Ǳ
ףĿǰп߻ط绹Ǳ׶ǲ֪顣
̩˵ԼжϣȻ󳹵׻ָ侲ʾף˵ʹھƵ귢ʲôͬʱҾֻͨλҽλãȻţô
á
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Ӻ̩½ӵ˵һ绰ԻʹھƵꡣ
𾴵ҸղŰָʾе顣סھƵͳ׷Ƶʾѽ̩ȨһŮȥȻ󶫺ѧŵһλͳ׷
˵ʹھƵĸ˲뵽˸ղſĻ棬ֻͷƤ飬ҲʼΪûмأǲ֪﷢ʲôղǽȥʱ򣬿ӵλͬ鶼˷һ֮ƵӣӲ֪ȥ򡣡
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ǵ͹ʵ׼ȷ˵ʵԪԣͫ׶ȻŴ˲µеĹؼ
š
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һֻ׶˵ĵ绰󣬵һʱͨ
װѣֻźʾ֮ǰھ볤ɽׯĵط˿ֻ̣źڳųɽׯƶ绰ͨ绰ͷ׶ȿ˵
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װѣ鷳ҪҰ𣿡
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Ƕôķ̰
һΣԪûпڣǵһʱϵİť
顪
ܿ죬
Ǭʿ
ԪȲغȻ󿴵ǬʿŶ룬ż־ŵطǸˣ˿ȥ֪ͨҵܵܣ죡

Ǭʿǻʦӵмǿ־ȻϢҲǾòᣬӣſǣϰ壡
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ͬǬʿһߵһˣʿֵڶ䣬ҲǱͻϢ˺üӲӦ
ʿķӦ
ǬʿٷϻƵڳׯ԰ҵİϵͳУͨںʿˣ˫һͨƵȫǬʿ
ȫע⣬طϮȫȫ
Ǭʿٴ´һǶЩͨұ´ġ

ȻǬʿеұڶɵˡ
Ƕ֪ط磬Ҳ֪طȫѧлɱ飬֪طһϵоٶΪݲʸԵʣ֪طı
طôͻȻҪ˳֣
һ̣ҵͨаԼ
Уׯ԰ſڸվڡڣʶؽĿͶׯ԰ĵ·Ȼһ۵ĵƹ⣬Զ
ǡǻطô
Ǵ۵ĳƣұڲԼͬذԼ
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Ӧǵһ졣
ǵע£ӵһͷĸޣ͵ײׯ԰ţׯ԰
ˡˣ
ҹӵ޴ĺ
Ұ޵ĺ쳹ʣ


1147 
ղţׯ԰ƽǬʿƣұڣʿ׷׾ѡ
˿̣ׯ԰İӵĺƣ˵սľ
ΪǶû˸ڳׯ԰㿪ΨһĽǡطˣԶеĸ죡
1ű鷿ǬʿûеȵұڵĻظȵȵطĵлŵһƥ
ΪطɱԵʵɽׯܹ¡ɱطΨػ񡪡Ԫ̫ط罻֣ͼʯͷûʲô
طѸ֪ͣԪ̫ܷʱ
ˣοЩʿͱڣ
ҹĻ£鲼ڸʿȻطĵ־壬ǶžԵģҶԪ̫Իɱط磬ʶ׷׵һʱ䰴ǬʿѸٸ1ű
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Ц
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󣬵طʻŲӵ1űֻв׵ʱһ󼱴ٵǹӵХ˲ӵһӵ˳˲顣
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̶һʱ䣬طһİߣһ·ɱУ񻰣ŵ˵ʬǣһΪ˿Իɱ۷ʦĴڣȫѧ磡
δ̤룬ܲ壿
ҲҪҵһɱôô⼸߹ǹɱ𣿡
Ǽʿֵͬʱطһߣһ˵ڣͬը죬ҳׯ԰Ͽգþòɢ
ҹҪشʧɱҲ
Ҫεؼסһ㡣
ߣƱ㣻һߣԶ


1148 ɱ
ԭǰǰϵʿطֺб㾪ֲѣ˿طǿƶĻеĿ־Ũ˸ӷǸо·طǰޡ
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Ϊʿ죬ǬʿͬҲ־壬ƾǿ־ɢ˿־壬վڱ¥Ĵԣ1űط磬űſڵļʿֻҪסƬ̣ȵʦˣ
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飡
飡
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ع󣬰ʿͣһʱ̧ǹǰط۶һſӵХŴڳǹܣγһܼӵȫط̶֣ǹٴδׯ԰
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һʿطײ

Ѫ䣬ʣʿʶͣ½Ųؿűײѡͬ顣
һ̣˿ǹ˺ˣֻؿȥͬ飬һֵĵܣе𺳼ֱ޷ݡ
طײɵһʿʱٶȶǶƿǿطͷײͬһĻ
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ǹδ䣬ٴδʿطһǲУ˵ɶѪ磬ؿ߹Ǻȫ飬˲
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첻ϴطÿһΣһʿ
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1149 ӣڵģ
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ۿԼĶͻȻԼǰԪŵһһͷԵڵء
̩µʬ嵹أѸſڵأԼͶһطֻɱ

ͬʱڣѾϵļʿֱ𾪵
ΪҲû뵽ط羹ȻҵԪ̫ǿɱˣ
С֣ղɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
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Сӣڵˣǻĵһ仰˵գӣ
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ٳûж֣ΪҲ㣬ѡߣԵ
طЦˣЦúܲмӣڵģΪɱ
֪
Ԫ̫ŭһɱⱬһѳʵľطɱ


1150 ֮֮
ȭһȷΪ似ǰǳʹŴɵ
ɵҲνĹȭ
ִȭŴȭȻֻһ֮żĲͬȭȲϥһۺ书ߡˤãȡ
֮⣬ߵĺҲִͬȭѸ͹Ըտ˸գ׷ٶȣ
ȭżвУ˸գȻڶɲǣһ
Ϊػ񣬺ѧ̩ɽԪ̫ǹȭؼںʱһĹɡ
Ȼбŭѣ޲̽طɱڳ֮ȻѭŹȭĺûѸͷֻǼط磬ȴطȳ֡
Ԫ̫û̳УطвʵĺԸ
ԱһͷͻԪ̫һ۾ߣѣһ
ܸܵ˼вطɫƽû˿ľš
һ棬֮ǰص˹ȭڹȭ书ʽָơ
һ棬ͻƻѾһʱˣڻڵھʹԶȸոͻӭսʱΪ졢ͨԷӳ
ΪҪǣԴͻƻ֮ÿתؼ̫ү̵غôԣʵܿ죬ھӾ˵Ҳǿ֮࣬䣬ѪҺ糱֮䣬
ɲǼ䣬Ԫ̫㿿ط磬ŲƯ·һ㣬طǰ
вҲ
طվԭأȴԪ̫
ʲô
һĻУһ죡
Ϲ㲻Ҫɱôôǰ裿
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģطͻȻڣĿԪ̫ھӿƴ

Ԫ̫оط磬֪طıƢϲΪǿط֣طͬԹȭоûг֣ҳԳŭһ
ŭȳԪ̫ΪһֵطԴ

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һԪ̫ʧȥȭľ衪вУһתѸ͹Լ֮ӦУʵȻۿۡ

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ˣ
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һΣطȴûмһ٣˳һתһȡ
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ΪΪˣȭΪǹ
ǹڶʽ

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촫˫ھͬ桢ɱ໥һˣһ磬ȫ֣޷˵Ӱ
ȭצ룬ط绢һۣ˲ܿƵصˡ
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1151 һ
ڻֶԣʮ׵ľûʲô
طǹڶʽԪ̫֮˫಻ʮס
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һȭطƶҶɱǿġ족磬ƺƵһȭըѣһȭ磬һԪ̫
ৣ
Ԫ̫طһȭĿֲɫ˲һ䣬ܣطһȭ̫ѸͣȻˣֻƾսܣ˫Ȼӳ״һȴһ㻤ǰ
飡
ȭײһڵ˹ųǵĴϣ졣
ͬʱܲطȭ֮ϵھУͬʱըھһ𣬽طسԪ̫˫ơ
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֮УԪ̫˫ǱƵĳһȻֿ
µķڿն𣬵ɶ
طһȭɣ

һĻΪ׵ʿұڣͳͳɵˡ
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⡭ǵ𺳿֪
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ΪطɱʵĺԣԪ̫طֵܸߣΪԼȻԻɱط磬طһĻпߵġ
Ϊһ㣬ڱصԪȡ˽طɱļƻ
ͬҲΪһ㣬ղŸϵ֮󣬵طսߣû̶ط֣ǵʿұڽ1űΧų֡
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͵Ԫ̫صʱطζˣ
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׻ȭɱ
̩ɽѹ


1152 ̩ɽѹҲ
׻ȭƻĲŽѧںϡͨոѧľȻ˼ʱȫϲɽչд书
̩ɽѹǡ׻ȭеɱ֮һƻĽ̩ȭġϥϵ̩ɽʱĸдɽ֮⾳ʩչߴ׹֮ƣϥײ̩ɽѹΡ磬Ʋɵ
һط׼ʱ䣬ȫԪ̫޿ɶ㡣
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֮ǰھط綯ǹɱС졯һȭɡ
˿ֻ̣ܵھطġ̩ɽѹֵΣ
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꣡
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꣡
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ۡ
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ӦԪ͵һ졣
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ۡ
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֮⣬ؿȫݣһѪĿڷѪ
ĴϺһ㣬ȫһ𣬲ϲһһϢĶȮ
ԣֻʱ⣡
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µһ̣Ȼ޷źͽԼطܵʵ
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ңѾ뻯۷꣬طǰûɱԵʱŸո뻯ڰ
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ûлشطԪ̫ȵĽŲ˲1űԭеİ˵ĶУĺȷ
ڿ羳ɱ۷ʦڹѧ磬Ҳܷοͻƻûжá㵽ƾʲô
ۿطԪ̫ٴοڣ֮ȻţͬʱɻǸо·ǲ֪𰸣µ˵Ҳġ
ѧôܶطһߣһ߿ڻӦ
δϰѧԻѧ˽⣬ƻھķҲܡ
Ԫ̫˵ţ뵽ʲôӿ϶ԴҶսʼ֮㵽ϰʲô书ѵǻʧھķ
㵽˵ү㡣طٴοڻӦ

Ԫ̫ԣٴſ˵ʲô
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һΣĻ˵ڣطѱǰ
桭ң
Ԫ̫þ˻𣬽ǣƣٴѪҳ鴤ʼࡢ١
һĻطԪ̫ȥû˷֣Ŀ絶һɨſΪ׵Щڡ

ʦҪˣ
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ɲǼ䣬ֵĺʿұڣһСһ㣬׷׾ֵӴܡ
ûҵ뿪ߣ
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⣡
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ͨ
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ͨ

ţصԽԽұڹڵأʿ
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ۡ
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űĵƹ⣬ؿԪ̫˫۵ɵùԲŵúܴһĿӣǰ˵ʲô
ûü˵Լԣټҳɽׯֻһ
ءشʦ
һˣɱҲ
ˡ


1153 ס
ҹɫҳׯ԰ƻͨׯ԰·Ե·֮⣬мŵƹ⡣
ǼסҵĺĳԱǼڼУжȥˡ
ˣ֮ͬǰ̩һ1űԪˡ
ЩҺĳԱļ֮ǰѴұ֪ԭί˿쳹ɽׯϿյ׷ʶʲôڷţ־ɪɪ
1űܣʿұͳͳ˵ϣϵطģͼͨķʽסԼ
ԪͣȥأԼ
ͻȻط翪ڣĿͶ1űԴ
󣬵ȴñЩȻֹ
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ȻһǧһɲţĵܵԪ̫طУѳΪʵ
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ϾһĻʦͿѾӵ׷ɱοطһɻɱ۷ʦľǿߣ
طȻԻɱԪͣȫ庫ѧĻƶߡΪĽԴ
ЩͷͬʱԪ͵¶Ļںޡ
Ϊѧ𣬶ȥط磬Ҳٲľأ
ʱһѡ񽫴̽ӣȥط硣
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λҵƶߣƺȨƵĴ֮ʣͻȻ侲

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ط磬һӮˡ
Ԫ͵طͣ½ŲǰǸȫѧ췭ظѱƵ˿ڵˣͷ˵仰
ȻѾԼ侲һȻеʹ
طûпڻӦ뿴Ԫ͵ĺ«ʲôҩ
ط磬ǻо仰ʤΪΪܡͬһ仰ԩͷծ
ۿط粻˵Ԫٴοڣƽ۽ǼţʵֽţļƻͰţֻҡҵܵܡҶӺ˲룬޹ء˶ɱˡҲ׸ϣܷŹҵˣ޹ġ
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ѧĻƶߣҲǺģ䵱źػڻĵƻġ
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лϣϰٷ֮ʮŵŵ˲
ΪҼԪͣԲǰٷ֮һһԱ
ղ֮Ծط׸ȲѣӶطеŭ𣬱ס˵
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˿̣ŽԴĵ˻ȥϣ
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ԴͷӦԪ֪ͣɽׯ֮󣬵һʱְڣҲҡ
飿ط۶ŽԴʵ
ˣоŻɱ˲ͷ
ԴڣӸ𰸣Ҷ飬Ѿ֪ˣͬʱҲ˵ˡһСɱҺĳԱͶұڣҲҲɱˣ
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ಣ
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ۡ
Ѫ쭶Ԫϵļʱ̣ʶصͷǰѪĿܵ˫ס˿ڣȫ޷ֹѪš
΢΢죬˵ʲôһֶδ˵ڣһΣһͷԵڵأһҳ鴤㳹ʧȥ
ԴĵԪͿ˻ȥϣǴӵصãֱطһͽ˵÷
ˣڼŭңҲ
һĻԴֻñط統ڴһ⣬ŭȼգＷһ仰

طһ޾壬սٴαҪսս


1154 ҪսǱս
ҹĻ£ط쳹ɽׯϿգþòɢýԴʿұںЩҺĳԱļһ
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ſڣԴû̿ڣͫضط磬ͬʱȥԪ̫Ҳ֪Щʲô
طҪʦս
ͬʱʿһվ
Ϊط̫־壬½ԴˣǶûҵһʱ
ۿվЩʿҲȺվ
Щұһԥ
ԭҴһȻǴҪԴϹһͬΧҡ
ط翴żʿߵԴޱؿڡ
⣡
ٴطĻЩԭԥұڣ׷׷ͷɹڵϣٴοģشʦûûΧ˼
ৣ
ͬһʱ䣬ڣʿɫͳͳһ䡣
ߵԴۿطԴľսδΧط硣
Ͼ֮ǰԪ̫طԾʱǶδ֣˵ѹûгֵʵͻᡣ
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ʿڣᡣ
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οҪ㣬ɳģӣɱǿԻ뿪ô
һֱҶϲввҵˣѾˣ·ϣǰ߻Ǻߣ
ԽԴвطӦȫ޾壬ǿƵס
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ৣ
ۿʿԼ棬ٴιطǰַʽġ
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෴ķʽԴ˴һϢ
ҪսǱս


1155 㣡
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ȻǶ֪Ϊط磬Բѡ¹
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ӵִ1űſڿʼѰԪ̫Ӱطҳׯ԰ֳôĶԪ̫ܲ档
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糤ĻԪ̫ģϵŭ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮𾪡
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֮⣬ҲΪνԴٳûж֣ûҪ
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ҹĻ£ط缸˲嵽˴ǰ˳һǴԪ
һ⣬طûжκѧʽΪغȫ߶ھס
žžž
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1156 ΪʼΪ
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1157 ڳϣ
ʱһʱʧ롣
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1158 ҳһ
ҹټĳׯ԰ָ˰
ݰҺĳԱЩе־壬Ǳǰ
ׯ԰ЩʿұȻĿطȥδ뿪Ƿֹȷ˿ʼʬ壬˿ʼ绰ĳԱ㱨¡
ͬʱΪĽԴӳ˳ׯ԰
ĵĲ˿֮ıǳ衣
û
ǳ裡
֪ɱġǡпܾط֮󣬵Ԫ̫УһʱϵҡȻ𡯣һ
ȻǿƱƵطͷҺͺһط衣
˼֮ϴ֣ͽ־Χط磬ȴط統ȺɱǰˣشĶӡ
һսΪϺҫѧҫݺݵض˷飡
Ȼ
ŭŭǸµ񣬱ҪطӦ޷

ԴһȻһʱóֻͨ˺˵ĵ绰
ʦׯ԰Ǹǵļһǲǻط磿Σ
绰˲ͨ绰ͷİȿڣһʳ⣬ʮּС
ڽԴׯ԰֮ǰ֪˻ʹھƵ귢飬ҵ֪ǰׯ԰Ǿط磬ʶһʱϵѧ磬ɽԴŴ¡
ǸǾǻط磬ɱԪڡԪ͡
ʲʲô
λҪﱻɱ֮󣬺ֱӾô鷿ϳž
ΪҰٷ֮ʮŵϵ˶ںζʲô
Ԫ͡Ԫ̫Ҫﶼˡ
⡭ֱ˾ξˣ
Ȼ
ԴĻλľͷε˹ȥ
ҴŴ֣־˸ϵֻɱط磬ղУ˽ߣӦöɱˡ

ɵˣһֱֻ䣬ˤ˵ϣһ졣
ûȥֻͬһһվǰһ
𡭡ʦô죿Ҳƺ󣬾֪Ǹطгرûгɹɱ᲻ʵʩ
ӹ󣬺ŴӼȵлعǿԼ侲ȻĲ
ֿԺܴ󡣡
Դһֿ϶Ŀ˵Ҳ绰ԭȻ˵ԼĽ飬µֻһ취֪ط磬һв׷µΪֹ
⡭²аɣ
ЩɣҵҪﶼˣϢʵ̫ˡ
У٣Ҷ޷طɱһܹɱôʾģӣɱǿ
ԴŭЦҿȷظ㣬ôˣҲδؿԽɱţǿ뵱ձɱȵǿʮֹһǲϧһս޷ɱĻǽΪҵѣ
⣬ǸһԽ飬ĻһҪ˶Ǹ
Դ˵ΪֿԺܴ󡪡طʵ̫ǿˣ

ٴԴĻ㽫ֻˣ
Ϊ̫Ļˣ
ҪˣҪǸϢˣ
Ȼ
еһ˿ǸԽԴݣܹϺҫȥι˵ⷬǱطǿֵŵˡ
֪ˣʦھ㱨
һͬʱҲʶ̬ԣȥҪﱻɱӰҪ㱨Ȼٶȴ飬̬һ

ͬʱ׶һΪľƵ
һҷǶӪҵľƵ꣬ʹݣڽӴĹҪ
ġ¾˱㱻
ǵִ֮󣬴ʹݵĸյһʱϵ
ո˽ʹھƵ귢龭Ƶ㱻һȺعΧˡ
飬µ纫زŸˣõĻظǵȴ֮ٽ
֮⣬ǰĺعֱӶֶΣƵźţ޷ϵ硣
ڽˣ
Ϊˣŭɶ
׶ְѾüˣδƵ飬෴زŵĸһֱмӡ
еգҪ뿪Ƶ꣬Ȼٴ绰ڻ㱨ֹˡ
ȵȿ
ĵĽ顣
գղĵĽ飬ġ¾һھƵꡣ
УʱѾȥһСʱˣط绹ûϵڻ㱨һ°ɣٴסˣԤе̬أ㲻ûΪš
ʹڶԾһ֪¸ڻ㱨Ҳû壬鳹нٸ㱨
ļԼȻ󿴵һǣֲ̬ķչɿƵصزһеΣ
ðɡ
̾˿ٴЭΪ˵еεĻѹαҪСĶࡣ
£ߵǰ¥洦ɼĺعüĿ֮ŷŭôôѵǾͲĵŭô
ʱûĵŭ𣬵˿̵̨ȴطǿһսҳһ࣡


1159 Ӽүү
ġȣ¾˵Ĵ⡣
ǳ˲뿪Ƶ֮⣬Ƶȶվźعмӣνǻʵ
Ҳŭԭ֮һ
ƻĵϣ
ͬԴ˺ܲһŵδ𣬸ûȥкĿ飬ڵȣȴͽ˵ڵطǱߵϢ׼ȷЩ
ĳ¾ˣͬڵطϢ
Уظǲϵڴǰⲽϳŵǡ
¾طĲ𣿡
ţţͣ½Ų¥µĺع̲סʵ
Ѿʳˡ
˼ûס
֮ʶʲôæǸ
ʵϣΡĴʳҲôġ
̲סʡ
Ϊʵ̫طİΣˡ
֪¾Ҳ֪طϢֻҪ¾˵ط粻£ͻİƬ̡
һûյ顣
¾ˣڶشأԶȵһǾ䡮ŷ粻¡ϸңڹȥһʱ鷳ÿһζܾطΪġԣ㲻̫ġ
š
ͷҲ֪ԼطЩͷˣڳ¾ǰֵ̫ˡ
⣬ҸΪǿͨ¥µعжϷǷ¡¾ֿڲ
ʲʲô˼Щ¡
ΪЩعٳûѯʣ˵ѶǣΪҲڵȷǱߵĽһǷƽµĻǶ᳷ߣ֮緢⣬ǿ϶ʲô
¾һ侲طϾںĵλ̫ˣֻݶΪɱһӵܡ
е
˼¾Ŀ
֪¾еĵǾԲ٣ȴΣң򶨣һ侲жϣĪ

¥£ʮعɢھƵܣֹġ¾뿪Ͻκ˽룬յ鶼֮⣬ھƵԺȴνǿơԵ
ţ
ͻȻյ鿴һӰͫ׶ȻŴ
ΪȾѪΪһ۱ϳˡط磡
ৡ
յ飬ԺЩعҲǵһʱ佫ĿͶط磬ϳط硣
֣ɫͳͳһ䣡
ǰϼΧƵֹ꣬ġ¾뿪ԭίҲЩ˽ģ֪ϼɶѧŵǾط磡
ǻ֪طǰׯ԰ҶˣúѧȥЭҡ
һ£طͻȻ֣ǵ𺳿֪
Щع𾪵ͬʱطҲǣüͷһ
뿪ׯ԰֮󣬱һʱϵġ¾ˣʼմͨ˵ĵ绰
е˲ͬʱжϳ˿鷳⣡
˿̣Ⱥع֮϶Լжϡ

ʱյ龶ֱӭط磬к
ȻΪݵԵʣѾ֪ǾطܣûеЩع汩¶طݡ
ãǣ
ڵͨطжϳԷǻˣǻӦȻ󿪿ѯʣ̬Ⱥ֮ܿǰڳɽׯɱֱˡ
ãմʹ顣
յҽܣȻ˵ǵĹԱУ¾ͬѧ͵ʹǰ
أطʵ޷εĵǡ
ھƵܰȫ
յطĵǣԲ˵ڵĵط˵˵ֿ

Ļط簵˿Ȼʵôкع
һСʱ֮ǰǿƵؽΧϽκ˽¥عУ˽мӣ
յ̾˿ЩƵ˵ţֱѹסĵŭˣȺһֱ̫ˣҲûнǻķ

طԣüͷ˲ø۾Ҳ΢΢
£յ˵ʲôֱžƵſȥ

ЩԭΪطֶ𾪵ĺعط׷׾£һʶؽУͼǹ
ҪǣһǰǹһΪǶе⡪Ҳǹ
һĻطŲͣͻȻڣͳһɱ⡣
ৡ
طĻطǹɭɱ⣬Щعֶʱ˿УԼͬ˻
ûҰǹ
ΪǿǷط磬ܹԸģ
ϾڻʹھƵɱʵʿǰ䣡
οݴ˿̵Ǽ϶ǰط硪򣬲ܻ
ǰϼָʾҾƵ꣬Ͻκ˳Ƶꡭ
ǹ֮ӵعͷĿһǿĵĿֻţǰסطȥ·
ǻĵľƵ꣬һ֮ڹҲְǡ
طһοˣӹɣζŨҡ

ٴطĻعͷĿһȻԥһ£û˵ʲôǵһʱóֻߵһԣϼ㱨
ĿڻƵ꣬Һҵһ֮ڳ룬򡭡
ûð
عͷĿĻܿ챻ϣĄ̊́ľͷǿƵ顣
ûûС
عͷĿЩ±ƣ֪Ϊʲôôʡ
Ǿͺá
绰ͷ˿
ƺǵĳֺܲعͷĿֲ
⣡
ԣͷһָʾţҪ¡һϵǸͣΪ˱ĹİȫڶϻϵƵ̸꣬ǰ̴֮뿪סԶ룡

عͷĿɵˣûлش𣬶ʶؽĿͶ˻ȾѪط磬Ǹо·ʣʲô
ûУ
ӦǺĵͺ
ƺ绰ͷĺعͷĿûԼĻӶӰԼļƻ
ǡǣ
عͷĿһµȻҶϵ绰ֻһط硣
ԲղðǸ⡣
һ̣ΧЩعע£عͷĿߵطǰǾϹȻһηϴҵ뿪ϻҪн̸

ۿ֮ǰһعͷĿ˿ط磬Ӽүүһյʱˡʲô
Ȼ
һ̡
طĻش𣬲յ鼤ιȥ
ûȤ̸⣬ѧźͻҪһǸʮСʱ֮ڣԸ



1160 Žʷ漣

طĻطǷӹɣڳкعȫɵˡ
ƹ£ǵɴ۾ؿط磬һֵĵܣһϳ𾪣
ô
ǵģ
ǺʵȨĲ֮һϻʵĴ
һҪط桢̸ֱӱطܾˣ
ΪҪǣطվںƬϣǿƵ˵ǸҪ
˭Ǹ
ңǺ
ûд𰸣Ҳ޷ط絽ʲôŸںĹϱֵǿƣ
ǲͬյȻҲһ㣬Ǽ
ڲǰЩعһǴүƵģΧƵ꣬Ͻκ˳룬޷Ƶꡣ
˿̣ЩعطǹүүطֱӰܾļ桢̸Ҫ󺫹Ǹ
һУǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ֻûѪҺȼգͷһˬ
áõģһĻת
֮عͷĿȴлع񣬿ڻӦ֮Ȼ޷ĨȥĲš
ΪԴΪعû˵˸ںĹţƣ
һЩĴжδ
طԣû˵ʲôǾֱ˾ƵĴţյæϡ

ʮع״æÿ·ؿ˽Ƶ꣬ƨҷһ
֮ǰġΪЦ
ߡ
عͷĿһָʾȻ³˳뿪
ʻƵԺعͷĿһʱϵ
Ѿ˵ˣǡ
绰ͨعͷĿȿڻ㱨˵һЩᣬƺ֪ʲôԻ㱨Ϊʡ
ʲô
绰ͷѳ˳ƵعͷĿĻ˲ɤϡ
ܾ桢̸˵ѧͻҪһǸعͷĿӲͷƤ˵
ʲʲô
ԣòλ
֮ǰԴѳΪʵĵվǷˡط粻ԸϢˣ
˵ʮСʱ񡭡Ը
عͷĿֽط仰㱨˺Ȼסȴźŭ쭡
Ȼ
Ԥϵǣδ쭣ǳĬ˼ӣ˵һ䡮֪ˡҶ˵绰
ѡѵҪǸ
عͷĿֻһذԼ
ûд𰸣Ǹطһʲô춯صĴ£治˾ط硣
ǵġ
ͨµķӦжϳطܾ£

عͷĿķӦһ±ƵͬʱطյƵ֮󣬽ݵʱ¥ϸӵع
عط磬èƵģͷ뿪
طյ¥Ȼġ¾غնڵſڵȴ
ǸղŶͨط磬ҿطЩعţû˫˵ʲôûдط硣
ط磬û°ɣ
磬û°ɣ
С磬û°ɣ
Ŵ򿪣ء¾ļͬʱڣƺͬʻһǵĿطȾѪ·ϣгŵǡ
û¡
ط΢Цҡҡͷʾ˷ġ
¥µعͻˣ㡭㲻ɱǰɣ
ͬطϵѪһʵ
ʹûɱǣֻǹ˾ƵԺ
һΣط翪ڣյȲȻش
ƵԺһ±ơ
š
յһԺصͷо·һУǽһˣ桢̸ܾˣҪ󺫹ʮСʱ֮ڶԶѧźͻĵǸ

Ļ£գġ¾˶һ
찡㵽׶ʲô˾η㣿
֮࣬۰Ͱ͵ؿط磬޲ýطĽҿյס
ʹǽİɡطЦһ
áã㿴ңżˡţȻطһ׷
֮ǰı׷ȴطϢ
С磬㲻ѪϴҰɣ
뷿֮󣬲ٴηʣıȿʵ
ûУֻɱԪ͡Ԫ̫̩ҵĺĳԱһЩʿطҡҡͷ
ʲʲô㡭ɱǣ
ԭָʾȥݲ裬ȻطĻ°Ͷˡ
ΪݵԵʣҡԪĵλǺεȵĳȻ
ͬʱҲ֪Ԫ͵ں𶯣
ɱ֮󣬺ѧĽԴѧ糤ǰȥΧңнԴشߣҲɱˡطڣɫƽ˵һ΢С¡
Ȼ
赭дĻ˵ĶУȴͬը죬ھطʵ˽ĺͳ¾Ŀɿڴ
ֲú˾η㡣
𾪹ҡͷЦѣԴųƺϺѧ糤Ķ֣Ķ֣ǵӣôģɱԸ㣬׶ڣֿԼΪ㡣
һΣطû˵ʲô
һ˱ƵһҵǸݹ۹Žʷⶼ漣
̲סٴθ̾һؿط硣
ġ¾غյҲȻ
У¾صĿг֮⣬â
ǰĿ⡣


1161 ĵӢۣҵľ
ˡ
󣬷İֻ𶯵ƣҲȺع
ͳֻ׶ѧУ־磬һµʲôȻط磺С磬׶ѧУ־ĵ绰ô
壬⣬־ӵԱĵ绰䵱ˣӰɡطĽӵ绰
á
ĵͷȻͨ绰صᡣ
ܱǸУôϢ𣿡
绰ͨ־ȿڣõģô׼ö
ţ
־Ļ¾˾΢΢ݡ
ؼǵãѧŵִ׶ʱ򣬺־ȥӭӣʱ˷룬Ľõĺ
񣬺־ģ̬תԶ׼
һУȫΪط磡
ãУһû˯ôˣ
ĿڻӦ䲻ȣ˽Ƕ˵νܲ
׿׶ѧŵİ̸ҶԳ¾һ㣬޷ԭ¡
ͬʱҲں£طˣ޷
УҸղŽӵ˰ĵ绰֪˽һЩ顣
־˵ͣһ£ǱͶʯӵĺƵģһ޷ƽ
ǵġ
ղ˺üӺ֪Ϣҽ߾ȫصԼ˵飬Ļ;ֵϵԺ֣һƻõĸо
ĳĬŶԷ˵绰Ŀġ
У룬ӦҲ֪Щ顣
־Ĭ˼ӣһٴοڵô绰λͬѧһνԭƻУٰѧ֡ڶѧ֮ǰ˵ֳͶѧųԱֺܵǸ
־ĻûӦǿط磬ط
壬ͬİšط˵
УӦˣҷͬİš
طõ绰ͷĺ־ĻԵػظһ
ллУ
طĵĻ־˿Ȼֵ⣬鷳УתͬѧǻҪҲϣںǸ֮ǰҪʲô
ԡ
һΣطֱӿڻش
õģУͬѧҾͲϢˡ
־ԣ׷Ȼ󲻵ĻػֱӹҶϵ绰һʱص绰
Ƶ׷պ飬ġ¾˶겻ѡ
֮ǰѾжϳڱεǰ»ѡǸû뵽ô죬ҵһٵʱǵȻƽ
ǲͬطıͬһڹž·ûκιϵƵġ
ʮӺɳط˷ػʹھƵꡪȻѡǸôΣˣסڻƵͻʹھƵ꣬ȫϵһġ
סڻʹھƵĻμӻһЩ
˻صƵʱ򣬾Ƶĸ˺Ļϰ嶼ڣǿطֱ֮Ӿˣ
Ϊ֪طɱ󡢽̩ӢȨ˵飬ҾصظֳϢתʬ壬ڼûбκ˷֣ҵ̸ҪǺ;ƵĹԱ뽫Ƶһڶȥ׼
ʶǳǳأ֪һС
һ£ǶΪطˣ
ΪѧŶҪܵǣ
ط簲Ȼػص˾Ƶ꣬ܲ𾪣
֮࣬ʲôûǵط˽֮󣬵һʱ˴绰㱨£õĻظֻһ仰ǵʲôҲ֪ʲôû
ʲôǸѧΪʲôû⵽κγͷ
õظ֮󣬾ƵĻϰ͸˴۵Сۣһ±ơ
ǽʾ֭Ҳ벻еĻǶ֪밴վ˵ȥд
϶£˯þ
ط߳ݵʱ򣬵ġ¾ؽ˯ãصؿһ䡣
š
ط磬
ĺȺӦǰ߼ߵһζط˵֡
һڣʶ˲ԾʱЩ̡졣
طЦЦû˵ʲôų¾߳ݣظԵķ䡣
߳ݵʱȻЩ̣һ·СܻصԼķ䡣
أȻ˵
뷿߽֮䣬žεԼЩɬĵԽԽء
أ᲻̫󵨣ӶķУ
һķô죿϶Զģ
أûȻûʸϲͰɡοЩﲢһҪõġֻ̻ǲһ˲䣬㹻κ֮ãΪļ䣡
վھǰ뾵ԼԻʱüʱߣʱǣʱ΢Ц˰鶾ҩķѾͷ
Ի֮غСһֻС񣬱ıڴϣȻһóֻ΢ţ㿪طĶԻ򣬷ɿر༭һϢ
лл㣬ĵӢۣҵľ
ƹ£סĶŵ˷ͼȻɵһ㣬죬컨ɵЦ
ڴĵǸء
ЦţЦţһ㽣ĸеĪļ
һδΪѡ


1162 Ǹˣ
ܴҲܾʣÿ춼ڷŸָ飬һЩȻϢظı磬ȴֻмٵһ֪
ұ̤ƽϢȻ޷ı磬Ըı֡
Ȼ
ΪϢϸں֪Ҳ֮١
ˣ󡢽̩ȪڻʹھƵ걻طɱϢҲͬˡ
һ£ڶһ磬طڲʱΪѧѧϯвţֱ±ˣ
һ̣Լ۾⣡
ǵġ
ʵĸܡ
Ϊطѧд⣬̤ҵҫƱػᱻұ
ںһұС뵽
Ⱦۻȶ֮ĵظ˵쿪ʼͿˡѧӴ֮ˣ
ط簲Ȼػţȥһ¶ûУܲ±ƣ
졭ѧ㲻˵군𣿡
һһСѧûܵûввŵı쳣գŴ۾һɻʵ
ǰǰѧȥûءһѧŵŮڸ͡

вԶԣתߡ
ʲô˵ģ
ô
Ψһͷ
첽뿪˲ǸоһӶΡˡ
һĻط粢δ⣬˹س͡
һԵĳ¾ǰҡͷʵ޷Ǹ֪в࣬вŻ᲻˺Լų죿

˵ʱ򣬶ѧ׶ѧѧ¥һҪңҵģŷƣԲһȦһȦǧˡ
У
־ڻ᳡ȴţĴŽ룬æӭ̬ȼ顣
ЩҲһֺõЦݡǺ־ҪģΪʲôô־û˵Ҳûʡ
֮⣬־طкֵ֡ľٶ²⣬Ӷ¶Ϣʶûпڣֻɵһطһ΢Ц
ʲô
ˣ־ľٶ˫ŵĳԱһ졣
Ժ־ֺõΪطֱӽ˿ڶѧһλ£¾ΪҪԣмλá
Ϊˣ־û˿Ĳ죬еֻҡ
ط粻һƽϺ᲻ˡ
Ϊط羾ǰԶѧŲ顢صСӲţǸ̴ְҪüͷգһ±ͬ⡣
ŵӵʱ˫ŵĳԱͳͳѧʽʼ
һΣ׶ѧĸУͱ˺־
λʦͬѧУһ죬˫Žɳʮʦɷԡ۵ʽѧ
־˵ͣһ£ЩŵؿطһۣȻ󻰷һתڱѧ֮ǰ̩صظϵҪԶѧ˵仰

ʲô
ѧôˣ
ź־Ļ£ԭĻ궯ѧ̲סʵ
١ԭһƣΪʲôû£ԭҪ
ͬʱвһͨʲôؼ顣
СԱߵĶѧųԱˡ
Щ˲ԼͬؽĿͶǣһƽӡ
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󣬻ҵ
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־ЩΣ֪̩Ŀģ׽԰̩Ͷһֳ裡
̩͵ɫѿ޲̵ͷ뿪뵽̨ǸȨҹߵĻ꣬ûô
еĲ׵⣬ΪĽȥιһ˻м䡣
ѧŵĸλʦϺá
̩ͣ½ŲǶŶѧڵ׼ȷ˵طķһȻѧŸԱȫ⵽ַǺʧְҽͺXXǱʾϵǸ⣬ͬʱǵԭ£Ǳ֤ԲᷢƵ顪Բ𣡡
£̩ٴζطڵķϹͬʱطı仯֪طݵǸǷ⣡

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׶ѧŵʦɵˡ
ѧŵʦҲɵˡ
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ˣЩİˡطүѧŵǸ
ڱνУұڣ׶ѧŵĳԱڲͬϱֳԴ󡢰ȱԶѧŵءԴˣҽ׶ѧ򶫺ѧűʾǸ⣡
ڰ̩͵ط粻ͬʱͬĻŵһĺ־ҲվڵǸ
£밲̩;۰Ͱ͵ؿط硣
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1163 ٵڣ
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ڽСʱղңûм飬û顣
ΪǶѧŵʦ׶ѧŵʦǵ֮ǰ־Ͱ̩˵ĵǸС
׶ѧʦԣһ޴ĴǱг衣
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ѵУռҵĹϵˣУ׶ѧʦڽе񡢰㱨˹ڣ򺫹ʩѹˣӦǵڶ㣬ҲܷŹǸһ־ͺҲᵱڵǸ
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ΪѧŵĳԱؿ̩صڻ᳡ȴҾֱŶѧӭ˹
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ȻֻһСΪǸҵĺĳԱСںҲ֪
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1164 㰮ʲ
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Ȼϸ˻ʹھƵҳׯ԰һУ黹ں̵ܶʱڱ鱨ȫ֪ˣٴĳЩضȦɽХ
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Ϊ͢ʥŮİ֮󣬱صԼķ䡣
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1165 ڣ
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һʱ׼֯ʽƳ񡣴ȫǿߣ֮ǰ˵ǿߡ֯ԹƽϽ̬ȣ֤񵥵ʵ׼ȷԡ󣬴ÿܸһΣÿһˣչһط磡

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1167 Զ޷ؼң
Ϧ£ڻ֯ڵ԰ȥʱ͵ֲҲɫĻ԰һƬߣɵһƬһɪĸо
֪Уʱ2018ĩ
ڻ֯칫ĹŽƻġʦͽڴǰӭϦһߺȲ裬һġ
ʦȻҲһطСӣСӵĳɳٶʵ̫졢̫ˡ
շ²豭̲ס̾뿴ȥڣСӻǰ磬ΪС棬ؼλ˺߳ؼҴԺΪվ̨𶯳ҰգƾؼˣһʤʱҪ˵ķۣҶûôע
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Σ֮ǰ˵طСӵĳɳٶȼǷڹŴҲ˿ɱȵġҲΪЩ֯Ĵ˱ǿ
ĳɳٶȶԣΪµʵսͻƻڶ̶ʱ䣬ɿ羳ɱԪڡԴĴڣǺεȵľˣ
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ȫŶ룬վھؽԶĵط̧ͷͦؾȻ㱨׳ɾˣԺ뵥㱨𣿡
ԺȰСʱٽؽüͷһָʾ
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ȫ˵Ȼֲ׳ԺȰСʱ
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Щϲ⣬ڽ֮ǰθȫ绰ȫʾؽԼҪ㱨ؽԸһΣԲʾˣֱˡ
жܷؽҲû׵ġ
Ͼ쵼ܼģοؽĴ쵼
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׳ҽ㱨ȫֲĹĿǰѾȻƽһܴ⡪ȫֲȻΪ齨ģսСӶӳθˣʵûʵȨЩսԱûġ
ǽһݹ㱨ļ˫ֵݸؽȻֿ㱨
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ΪƶߣɶԻ㱨ָƣȻ㱨Ȼ˵Լ鷳ķжϣó쵼ο쵼ߣΪ˳ƿȫֲҽطعȫֲˡڵʵЩսԱû˸Ρ
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ס׳ɲط֯ߣһݽ׼Щ˵Ԥ
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Զԣ֪ǿ϶еģֻǺ˶򵥵һѪҺĤָȸֶΡ
οǸطһǡٴλص飬ģɵģ
ؽٴʵȻ󲻵ɻش𣬱һһסһ飬´Σҹ
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1168 ľ
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ǰ죬Ǻ̩ˮ˽淢˳ͻˮϴ̩صظҴ˵绰ר˹̸еķʽ顣
һ˼ɿػ㱨ǵѾˣҸղȡϵҪҪ̸顣
̸
µĻطüͷһﲻԾһʱ˵
ǵģˮϴ̩֮ǰҪ̸Ҳ֪ײܳزΪֹ뾳Ա֮һԾ˹ˡ̩ɵ˵֮ٴһ㡣
¸ظȻʵڻعҪҪˮ˼棿
Է˼ˣȷ𣿡طʵ
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ΪʱϵһֱûȥأýĻᰲһ£ֹЩӰ
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1169 
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Ǳطһ̳ǰĳʡˮְײδ˶ԶǵĹϵһؾϵǣһ绰ÿһ΢ţӲϡ
죬ǴڲŵĿŶӣеСѧϰױһʱ䰲֡
ֳǺ͹֮⣬ֻǵڶְʱĸǼСΧڵ˽˾ۻᡣ
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ȻطòͲŴָͨ۲ռϣطĿζ˽⣬ȵļĺͲƷǷطζģŸԼԵĵġ
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Цſ˸ЦȻ鲻Խ뵽һطò͵龰
һΣطڶ֪֮һòͣط֮⣬һѦĸӵܡ
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ط磬㣬ʶ㣬Ⱳˣлл㡣
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ͬʱҲط磬ϳǳֵط磬ֱӽط統˿
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1170 ֮
ǲʶأ֪ء
йطϺϵصĴڣΪ֪ط֮һЩϸ
ղţΪ뵽Լڶĳܲˬͬ⹬ȥȻƵ飬㾡һѣϺúˮַ֮ͨʽйǹԹ
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һֺɶͱϵǿң
¸磬ʶǹȤĻҹȥϡ
׵עһֱϣǵ쳣֪֪أ֪ǵԴ
΢΢ףԳĬķʽͬ˹׵飬Ȼ£վڰſڣȴŹ׽
صעطϣطؿ쳣Ŀ⣬ܵĿеҲƾԶ˵˹׶˵Ļ
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رھطΪüȻ׵ĻһȻԵػӦ
ʱĸ׹˼룬һȸ֦ͷˣְװԼԴȦＷ
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ȻصķӦеɻ󣬵ֱ˵ԼĿģʼûȥطһۡ
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Һ㲢Ϥܾڲ
صüͷøˣͬʱСؿطһۡ
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ţ
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ţҿʾһ£ؼҵĳ㱧ȵλؼҵѴؼҳ֮֮𣡡
׺صľȱ֣ͬʱΪαװװƵıӾֱ˿̲¶Ц
㲻õѵ棬ΪǵȥǺȾƣһ޴Һû𣿡
ΪǱ͡طĻǱȵβ͵èƵģʱըëˣŭ
㡭˵ʲô
׷·𲻸ԼģҡһͷͼԼһЩ
ǵġ
ţǰ١뾡һа취ԼƤЬġĻ满ȻֽѵĿǸԼ˵
ţ
о仰˵ûطеǱȷ֮طʧȥؼҹ⻷һ飬Ǹͷؼҹ⻷ؼҴٶԣ漣ⱲӶ޷
ٴοڣΪ̫ߺͼЩ󣬲ùˣҲòԶˡ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ǵɫˣø
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صĻ⿴ı飬ξѣһƳء
ž
һ̡
Ķ
֮˲أǹס
ط練һǶ鷭ڵأ


1171 ̯ϴˣ
мĹطĴڣԼļݡλǰҫգǹ衢ط̧ǣط綼ûзûгֻһƽؿţ·һˡ
Ȼ
Ҫصʱطˡ
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ƹ£׵İָӡ˲סѣȾѪǰڣԴһѣΣһľȻı飡
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ԶǺĸ£һĻ֮Ҳһ㶡
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ݵĸ£æ˹ȥ
ͬ丸һҲڹǶĸΪٳȽȽǣδǰ;
ۿ¶Ҳһ˹ȥȴ㴦ױ飬Ҳѵء
ΪղǾ仰طеǱȷ֮طʧȥؼҹ⻷һ飬Ǹͷؼҹ⻷ؼҴٶԣ漣ⱲӶ޷
һֱط綼ǵжд̣仰һѷذĵط񾭣ܷŭ
㡭ĸҴң
ĸµĻξѣһº׵۵죬ֱȻ󱻲
СӣıӵˣҴ򣿡
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ҪҪ绰þ
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ٴοڣΪ˽˵ԼĿģûǴĻڽϵͳְڼ䣬ûΥ桢Υ飬ĸ׸ְ֮㣬ͨĻϢڽгơ
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ٴǵĻɫȻһ䣡
ʱĸΪᣬ뾡һа취оİװ
ļͥڶֻеƫϵļͥû㹻ĽǮʱȥ顣
Ϊˣĸױ丸ְ֮һЩΥ飬ĸҲͬ˵ΥڹƱг׬˲Ǯ

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Ȼû뵽Ƕ˽⣡
طҲû뵽΢΢üͷ˼еè塣
Ǹ֮ԻȥעأΪԼ
ףͷ˺úòһ飬ദ
һοˣǸظĸ鶨ԣͬҲط綨һԲϾͶִˣصıþߣͽú͸һ£ˣ
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׵һʱӦȻ˲ǵѪһضط磬ͬʱƤͳֻ׼绰
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Ҫ֪ǿһʱŸոյĳʡҪţθεġ
ϢҪ˵ͨˣһЩ竴ٶ֪飡
֮࣬Ҳ˲ʶһ⣺ǰļһʶǣ
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·Ϊӡ֤ǵжƵģһؿطİףط˫Ϥ۾ޱȡ
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Ϊòʵ̫Ϊǰ˾طˣ
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ССӣҪװŪȾˣˣ
ۿطˡ׽Բء״лعŭ
ؽ˰ûһָֻˣȻԼһĶֵأطûĹףٴζǿڡ
㡭ط磿
ԣɫʱ䣬д˾
˵֮ǰֻǻطݣô˿̣ط㻰Ϥֱ֮ӿ϶һ㣡
ءط磿
Ȼط仰׺ɵˡ
ڶǣ֪ܲط磿
ǲ֪ط磬Զһ֪Ķ֪࣬ǵط罻һЩϸڡǱطһ̳ؽΪǼطͷ
ڸղţȫطĴڣȥǣҲһ衢ط̧ǣ
ҪþطץȥȻȨطͽطڼúø죬ˣ
뵽ЩǰһڣһһͷԵڵء
ҲòȥһСһ㣬ֵؿط磬ֻԼ۲ʶ̩ɽ̯ϴˣ


1172 ǣ
ԣ
ط粻ӣ
赹ڵصĹףȫޣԺͻȻֳطģطƬȻһԱȣʶ˲Ծ
㡭㲻ط磡㵽˭Ȼðط磬װŪ
ָط磬һŭղŲ㱻ŵ̱ڵأֱܴ裡
ôӣ
Ӧ׵ǵȫ϶ǰ˾ط硣
ĮһеǷдǿƵǸ֮ǵǸõܣһޣ
ط磿
ٴһͼнҿˡ
ǵ⿴أһ뵽ʲô¼ЦޣͷԭΪŮ˰ֶǸߡ
ǡ
ȻǵĻһȻʶؿڳ塣
Ȼ
Ļ˵ڣǱЦʲôѵң̸롢˵ѧţλõܿһλѧء
ءطںңԷʾлһ
Ȼ޲ζΪطŮˣҲ֪ܣʶϣطס
ǡں㣿һţ٬һЦ
ǵġҵӵңط缰ʱֹ
ٴνͣȻ֪Ϊǵ˵ɣ֤Լ֮ǰ˵ĻЩ⣬˱ط磬ұط̤ƽΪطסǸ

׺£ⷬһûޱȡ
һˣ̤ƽ϶Ϻŵĺң
һˣһҸסͷ
ʲôЦ
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ҪҲҪе߼
һֿ׳յĿ⿴أֻԼЦ
Ϊ;»عطĺĵףڹȥһʱ½Ҫ˹ϣûôעطĶ̬Ӻ鱻ϸܣ񶼻֪顣
ղŲǻ˵𣿡
ǵĻ£׳侲ǰطʵҲףµֻнرסǵĴȣͳһսһ¶Ըط磬ſܳͷ
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ԣɫһ䣬ٴοڽ͡
Ȼ
һΣĻطϡ
أûҪ͡
á
صͷ֨
ط磬˲̺ͷӦ죬Ǳµˮƽ˵㣬©ٳҲͰˣ߼ԶûС
½ĿͶط磬֮еķ̺ΣҲ֪ѩ֪᲻ţ϶ϾΪ㣬ǲҾѣ
Һ飬òġ
طȫԼᣬν塢ǣοѩ޶ӵеΣ
٣¿ˮ̰ȻˣҾ˰ºĻѩ
Цʱգδѩ㶩һź
źҲطʼ㣬Թؼ̫үԭ
㡣
ط˵Ȼ󻰷һת֮ǰǻȴһڵ顣
ʲô˼üͷһ
ݺȨһİŮȥ㳪衢ȾƣΡش٣ô磡طٴοڷ̣Ȼת䡣
٣ҾͲҪʮЦٲˣγ̫ү簮㣬ĴǣЦ
ҴδԲ˼ҵ飬ҲδԲؼҵ飬ûԲҵ飡
طһһ㣬ؽӸ·˰˵ǮȴûоһӦ񣬷ͥɿɽȨߣһ֮Ůħצ
Ļ˵ҵ飬ʲôϵ
ЦȻôɣҲûлɡţϾ̫үˣʧȥ̣ұϳؼңǺǡ
ԭûйϵҵѣǵҵЩ顣
жؼ̫үĲԹط΢΢۾

ǲطı仯Ȼһ޾壬طڴ֮ͥ¶֣ţ㣬һεĹȣ书ٸߣҲΪΪ
ǸҵѵǸ
طֱӴǵĻӹɡ

ԣмһЦȻһӣߣ
ô
طͺһһӣһץסǵĲӣһᣬӥСһ
ৣ
׺¸Ҫ뿪һĻŵõͣ½Ų
ءط磬Ҿ㣬ҶһָͷԸ
һŭɶֻطڼ̤ϡ
㹻˽ңӦ֪һֱϲввҵˣͨûʲô³
طޱ˵ţȻ˳һˤǶһ㣬ˤ˵ϡ
飡
ꡪ
һ̣ǵ͵һܽӴ˲䱻ײϣѪ
ءط磬֪ʲô̫үˣû˻ˣ𣡡һ߲űѪһŭ
ԺõĻӦüǵã̫үȥûã㲻֪ңһ߳˶ĿɽؽҲ˶¡
طޱ˵ţȻȻת䣬⣬Ҵﵱ̫ү𾴣ҾбҪѧغ͸ж
㡭ҪʲôǶʱˡ

Ӧǵһƿ
طһǰһץסǵļȻǵСȣһصĶ
ءط硭
飡
ǷŭڣδĻ˵ڣ㱻طԴűصߵһͷұſͷƣû̫үڸ߸ϵؽĽ𣿡
ûлش
ֱ̱ڵء
ԼĽϣٴαطһŶ˷飡
Ǹ
طɿǣĿͶ׺ǵ¡
ԡԲ١
ŵûɢʶؿڣڷڷ
ѵǸطϡ
ԡԲС㡣
ԣæָĿصǸ
δڣ΢΢ǷַʽǸ⣬¶⡣

һ㱡
֪طǿ֪طһסǸԼ뾡һа취ȥڨͽĹףΪطһ仰˿һ͹һֻŲԼǸȻһƻõĸо
ƺһңɼΡ
ô

طٴοڣΪҿ𰸡
ġ֣׺˵̽ѪǷȻɥ֮Ȯһ˲
ʼգǶû˵һ֡
ǲ룬ǲҡ


1173 ȸ״
ȥĿ˺͹Ա׷ջĿ⡣
ղţǶطǷͻḶ́ûһȥ͡
ԿǶԣط硢ǵ˲ʶȻԵ޹ʵز֡
ķԱǵһʱ㱨ߵ֪󣬼ʱȥƽϢ飬һǡף·ͷ
ʶǣȴ֪ף֪һĴ竡
飬һܹģ
Ϊû˫ĶԻҲ֪ط磬ֻΪǵ׵ط絹ùķչȫ󡪡طǵûб磬˹׺λù׶мӵṫӸ磡
һУò˾ξˣڵǼ뿪֮Ȼƽȫһͷ⣺Ǹ˵Ǻηʥ
Բط磬ָ鷳ˡ
ͬʱһǸؿط磬ԭԸлط絥һٷȴû뵽顣
ºûϵ㲻𡣡
ط΢Цҡҡͷ֪֮ҪȥȾơ裬ȫΪԼʶ
ΪҲãҲգǵݣƯĹ㳪Ⱦƣͨ˻Ǯ򴺻Ҫף

ز֪è壬طôһ˵Щ죬Ȼ뵽ǵԼطĹϵЩĵʵǡǽ᲻Ӱ쵽㣿
ᣬԷɡ
ط΢΢һЦַʽеĵǡ
طƽĻطǵȻЦݣеĲɢٶʡ
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ֽűӣڹ׺µͬ£Ѹٽ¥
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һĻǹףǵ¶ҿҴһ
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ҲķģȥģǵݣڹҲƴǡ
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·Ϊӡ֤׵жƵģǽȾѪֽڽ£Ȼ󲻹˱ʹѪ˲ϵѪóֻԹ׵ϵҽԺȻڳҡ
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֣˵ں̤ƽңúǸôԣһ뵽֮ǰ˵ûӦǿʵ
ģ鱻ϸˣ֪˺١

һȫԤϣҲͬʱӼᶨҪطľģطԺԽԽǿԸطͺˡ
Ǳߵô£ٴʵ
ģҴСϳԷʱط硣һŮˣҸıòһǸŮ˷һͻִҵѣȻҹȥϳѵѩɻѩ㺮ģ˵Լ޹أҿñӣ˵Ҳҵ̫үأҵı¹̫үͷ
ѹĵŭͺ⣬һƽڣԴʵԡ
ʵϣ˵һУȫıˣеƵطϣڵ͵Ķȸ״
쵰ԼҲͰˣȻ㣡
Ȼ绰ͷǵĻŲɣͷˣǸо޲õط缸⣬طˡ
֣ȥˣҲ㶪ְ˵үүͷϴСʲôʱйø磿ʲôʱйؼңǻϽ͵
ǰ̫ү簮޷죬һΪΪٴζ㶯֣¾Բôˣ
ŭɶȻһϵֱʱѾŵˣȥүү㱨飬Ȼ
õģ֡
ǵȵľ仰˿Ȼѵ֣طһթϲߵǷǣǲܵģٴαˡ
İɣһΣһҪøؼһ
Ǹо·𲻴ط磬ݣ
ط簡ط磬ĲһϵĹңȨϣ
عҶ˵绰ȾѪӿȥЩ޷εԽС
ҪȨѹط


1174 Ҫط翪
λڶ춦Ƕһ֪˽˻ڰۼš
ܶϲ˽˾ۻҵ̸з춦
Űǰʱ򣬷̸е飬Ҳ
Ű۱ɱۼŷشʣ춦û䣬˹ˡ
Դˣۼֹͣ춦ӪҵҲ
½ﵱԼͰ칫ص㡣
һ棬Ƚ徲һ棬ʺϵۼܲȥ칫
ռغüĶһԺǰһƬ֣ˡ
ҹʮʱڻһ˴̩ˮ䱣ھҶ
ȻҶָĳ̩Ҳɻĸĳ̩
˿̣ˮ;Ҷ֮⣬ֻº棬߰طָʾĿĲڲ̸УǱ£ֹ·⡣
֮⣬⻹һЩۼŵľӢǸµճȫ
С㣬ϴ˵Ҫϴ̸Ҳڵ绰꣬ϴΪβأ
ˮȿڣдǿҵĲΪºط磬ˮȱ㹻ء
˵ģҲˮϴ̸̩еһҪԭ򡪡㽻̸У
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һԵľҶҲһı飡
ΪӵܣˮԪͽԴǿ
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ˮѵϴ̩ڸոЩ֮㣿˵ɵȥϴ̩ȣ
½ˮı龡۵ף֪ԼĻˮ޴𶯺ѹٴ΢Цڡ
Ȼϴûʱ䣬̸ɡ
ü֮ˮŴлعڻӦ֮ް֮ǰĲǴż־η
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һ̣Ӧҵű졣

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桢ˮ;ҶҲˡ
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Ҳһ㣬һ˼ͬʱӦ㲻ؾţһᴦ¡
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ۿжʮʻҽ˷ĵ·ˣɫһ䣬ѵ
š
ȻҲʶһ㣬üͷ˼еè塣
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Щͷͬʱʮͣ˻ſڣϰؾ˲³Χˮйͨһ˸ڵǹܶ׼˻һʱῪǹ̬
ţѾΧˣͶ
ͬʱһϵͨȴ쳹ڻϿա
ৣ
һУºɫͬʱˣͬʱҲӡ֤ǵжϡ
Ҫط翪


1175 ֣
ҹɫī춦ƻ貣ͨĸ·Χˮйͨ
ʲô
ЩۼŵľӢЩ¡
ǵġ
һ̣ǵֻɻûоš
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ΪҪǣǶۼűط籣ݻ
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ҡҡͷûҩ֮ʵǰ۷֣´ӾΧ߲¡
á
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ſڣྩϵ˴ץжľˣӦ
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ˮʶſͣȴԶԡ
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㡭ʲô˼ˮһ⡣
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⣬ľ񽲾ִֻҪǵĵ顢ѶǱȻʲôҶٴ˵
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аԼͬʱ۾


1176 
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طһʱǵĿԡ
Ȼ֪覴ñرԸ񣬽϶ưոݣб޷һС
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ǵûйط磬طΪͳ¾һкܸмط統ԼĶȻỳطĻ
̣Ҫģⰲοһ³û£˯ط˵
á
·ӦȻҶ˵绰
طߵ˵ݿڣؽ׷
Դˣطûͨɵĵ绰ǵȵ¥Ȼصֻͨɵĵ绰
֪Ȼ¾Ҳߺʶ̬ԼиΪأĵ绰ӶӰ졣
ܿ죬绰ܽӡ
ط粻ͣٴβ
ιλ
һΣɽͨ˵绰Щ졣
Ĺ룬֪˲࣬ȻԷŴǱȻǴˡ
׳ңط硣
طǱݣȻżɽʵ׳߷һЩ飬˵𣿡
ţҸ˵¡Щӡ
ңطʡ
š
û࣬Ӧλˣ򲻻ֱʡ
Ҫץº棬ΪͻƿѰΥ֤ݣܹ⣬ץ¾Ȼʲô˼طٴοѯʣŭ⡣
ܶʱ쵼һָʾ˻Ὣµȡ߶һ㣬Ӧס̾˿
ҺôֱʰǾûץסһ򲽽ץңΥ֤ݣʲôҶ
طؼңСĿȾٳһЩȻ˵ٴοڣгŭ⣬Ѳλ޴ǣ
ӦòᣬͶˡ
ɷֿԣȻ˵ԼĿΪйأշ顣
һ㣬Ҳ뵽ˣûʵʵ֤ݡ
ط˵ţȻͻȻ뵽˽̩ˮ̸е飬һԭˣ
ʲôæʵ

ط粢δˮ̸УԼԷԼɡ
Է鱨õϢ㶨ԣȻˮ˵֤ˡ֤ʸ㶨
ط˵ɵ²µеĹؼʶܼ֣㿪ڶС磬鷢չʲôز㶼뾯Σҵ飡
׳һΪվ
طͳһˣıӦ˽ңҶҷġ
š
ӦСᶨ
ţ绰ͷ꣬ԲΣҺ飡
Ϊ
ı
սСӵĶӳ
ҲΪ֮
þηĻ
սС¶ȫֱھǺڷ޴½ȽȽĻĽ
ͬʱҲ֪ͽĲλؽ
·Ϊӡ֤ɵжƵģ󣬲ط˵ʲôֻ
ؽ
Ҫô
аԼ


1177 ݶ
ҹɫһйٷյĺγɿʻɽҽԺ
ԭ׵һʱΪϵ˶ǿõ455ҽԺйϵǿһѵΪǴƣǾܾˡ
Ϊ֪ĵӣҲ֪طĸ׵Ĺϵãط統ԼĶһԴ
Ǳط˵ģȥٴƣٵ֪ܾô죿
ǵ˿Σ
ţֽűӣȻ޷ֹѪѾ˺üűȾֽ
Ƭ̺ʻ뻪ɽҽԺֱʻ˼¥
ظ磬սӵһϢ
ִＱ¥֮󣬹ͻȻЩض˵
ʲôϢ
ٴαط統ڼ̤ϣұѪһֱͣʮ⣬׵Ļԭ¶һ˿ɻ
սӵϢྩĳλȻϢվطǸ쵰Ŀºץƺܴ󣬳˺ü졣֮⣬طߵȻ¾һļһﶼץˡ׷ɿ˵
Ŷ
ԣһ
ϢȷϺϢе⡣
Ļ֪𣿡
ݵľȹǿʵ
Ȼ֪ίྩĴйؾץǺֱܴʣȻĻ
ݿɿϢ˵λˡ
شȻ˵ԼĿӣλºΪͻƿڣҵطǸ쵰һЩ֤ݣȻһ
٣ɻ
׵ĻǷ·𱻴ֹʹһ㣬Ҳˣ˲࣬ЦѣҵҪûؼҵıӻʲôңôǺǡ
ֵǰһĲֵ
ҲЦˣȻ󻰷һתֲϧǣºŮˡ
ⲻҪҪҳˡλ½һ֣ûаգǲֵġ֮Ȼ֣ȻҪŪλõܡŮˣӵһʱӲһ
о˸Ϊطһ֡
ˡ
һΣȹ˵ʲôֻ𶯵ͻȻ
ȾѪֽóµֽ˲ϵѪ绰
ţ
ǿǸ磬һȻæͨ֡
ұȥүү㱨飬ҸյõϢҶطˡүүղŴ绰ˣȥĺԺ׼һᵽ˰㱨һ¡˵
֣үүȥĺԺʲô
Ƕڸ׵֪Ҷط綯ֵϢе⣬෴ݣǴ˿̶֪飬ǲŽ֣ؽȥĺԺܺ档
αסطô
£ӿֳһʮֻͷ
廹֪϶йء
жϣҿүүͨ龯壬Ҫطǻ쵰飡
λȻ֣Ҳ޼°ɣ
ЦһǸо·ѾȲط籯ˡ
š
ӦһȻ˵绰Ŀģһжʵɣ
֣ȫʵǺܿ϶ش
ҳ֮ǰ绰ȷϣ飬Ѿûκιˡ
ΪΪԼλõѾעҪ磬ԼѺڵ˵ɰ׵ĶǶԵģ

ͬʱ
¡桢Ȼ¾ʵʩץ飬ڻ쫷һٶѸٴ
Ҫˣ
е֪Ϣˣжϡ
ֵ΢ȺҲ˶ըˡ
ȺԺСڵ֪Ϣ󣬾ǵһʱðݡ
Ⱥ֤ȷϢ֮ط磬طٳû
ͣӴ绰ɡ顣
԰ͣϴߣһӦԷ
˷׷׷Ը͡
طȻͬʱһȻǵֵܽһҶߵøһЩ
Ҷѵûðݣʶ͸ط绰ʡ
ԭط绰Ⱥ˵󣬵һʱ䲦ͨطĵ绰
ӣģ
绰ͨȿʵЩͳ

طվڻֽϣŵƻ貵ҹƽػص
ӣ飬Ǹոն˵ˡںܵ㣬Ҳż
Ϳżɽ˵ȺðݣһӦԷѹء
ͣҸֵܽǣǵĺˣԼط翪ھܾ
Ȼ֪µȺԺӵһ𣬶һпԶõҲ޷ԼʲôǼ˵ļҲ޼¡
ο֪ԼǰֵܽģǱļǶȻġ
ΪҪǣȺֵܽþⳡ
衭ӣֵܣ
ͼˣѵʱʲôʱԹ۹
ûУ
ʱǵУ˱۸ˣÿζǴͷȥֵôԺɹҲǣ
ӾӪع֮󣬴ǰһسӣǰ˵һ飬ú춦ֲǰ˸ڼǶߣ
ڣˣԹۣÿ𣿡
ͣǶĻ˽⣬Զ֪ġĸΪӣǰﲻҵġطԣһůǺܼᶨؾܾ
桭һ취û𣿡
ͷһ𣬼ú۾Щط粻ػʵǡô죿
õģаšط𽥻ָƽο͡
ӣ˵ģȻôʹûõĻֻܿؼҳˡ
ȻżǣδʧȥǣһѪָ˹ؼȻҳ֣ؼЩ˲Ȱɣ
ô
طҶϵ绰վڵƻ貵Ļֽϣþûȥ
紵ͻȻܵһɴδйĺ⡣
ݶ


1178 ѣ
ҹؼҴԺƻͨſͣ죬оƣйٷգ粣¾ţ֤ͨ
ãӵȫĵ绰ؽָʾؼҴԺ
ͨԣؼĶţĳԱҪվۻ֮⣬ʱǺټġ
һ棬Ϊÿ˶Ҫְæһѵ顣
һ棬ҲҪһ㣬ּԱۻһּɻ䣬ױСγɲõӰ죬ڹؼʱ̻ᱻñӣ¼Σ
֮⣬شĻƶ߻֯ĳԱٿ顣

鷿ؽžװǰ
ͬžװھְıװ
ؼҵϰҹ棬װ
ǰؽɫϾɳϣһࡣ
ؽϣأüͷ塣
ҺǹΪ¡һ£طִǡ
ؽͳؿˣ鷿İ˵ֵ֡ʱصؼء
ৣ
ؽĻ֮⣬˵ɫͬʱһ䣡
Ѿ֪Ҷطֵ飬طǷͻ֪顣
˵һ¡
󣬲˴лعؽٴοڣĿͶ

õ龭ԭⲻ˵˳
֮ǰѾؽ㱨ˡ
ܣС粻飡
Ļ£ˣı鿴ȥʮֱּվ
Ϊ
ţԼĶӻȥŮˡˡ
һ򲽽ĴڣҲţԼĶӻΪŮˡ±ײƣȥǡ
֪Ī
֪һΡеˡ
һʱͿ˴ҲԲڸǺӱܣǻԺͳе
ʵûʲôýƱˡ
ؽٴοڣֱӸ鶨ԣҽղ˵һеɽƱ硣
֡
ˣ˵ʲô
Ȼ
ؽѹᣬֱӵ˵ڶ¡飬ӦöšطΥ֤ݣڽطߵʵʩץĿǰطҪǸɳԱû
֣ʲôоС緸֤ݣĻʲô˭õŴôļˣֱӿڶײؽ
ܸô˵
üؼļҹϣ֮¼Ҫֵϸ񣬶ͨͥǲɶײӷ
֣ô˵СҲӣҪԸС磬ԲҲڻϽͰɣ
ûֱضؽŭѵΪСѿˣ
ž

ؽˣ͵һȻŭȵʲôУû𣿡
ôû
ۿؽͻȻЦˣЦúңЦȦЩ죬üĿ֮ӿʧţҶӲ෴ؼңڹң񣡡
ʱˣ㻹ӣ
ؽŭҸ㣬Ѿ϶㲻Ҫ붯еĹϵȨװؼң
֣˵㡣һϹλһ쿪ʼҾʹδùеȨ͹ϵı˽ڶС飬ţ壬ǡ
ȻЦŭЦЦҶѿ㽫СϳؼңҺʹһֱ뷽跨֮仺͹ϵٴλصؼҡ񣬿ҴˡţһҶһӴ˲ؼҰ벽

磡
Ȼⷬ˶Ǿֱվ
Ȼ
˵ʲôٴοڣӿŴδйʹ;ȻϵľװѲѣ˵˲㣬֯˵㣡
㡭
ؽŭȻ
飡
ͬʱȻأ˫ϥݺݵ˵ϣһ졣

һĻˣؽסˣ֪ʲô
֣л֮֮֮
ۣᣬ˻Ƶ˵
飡
飡
飡
£ؽػֱӶؽصؿͷ
ƹ£ĵʮڶͷѣѪ
ৣ
Ļľٶ˶ʶʲôɫ˲䣡
ؽҲһ𾪵ؿѿʵ㡭ʲô
ؽҸӹϵΪֹӴˣҶط磬ؼްϵ
һ̡
ǸһӵˣǸؼҲĸԸóǵˣǸʼսТΪĵˣҧŹǣͦż˵һ仰
£ת뿪
鷿һƬţ


1179 ףˡѴ

磡
ľٶ̫ˣȫ˵Ԥϣ߳鷿ʱ˲Ⱥع񣬴
£ʶسǰһ׼ǰȥס

ʱͷҲδأֱţ˳ȥ
ȵȣ
״һȻ׷ȥû׷ſڣһŭȡ
վס
ؽ
ʶͣ½Ųͷؽ
ߡ
ؽɫ˵֡
֣ȻطǼһȷʵˣûҪҲϳ
ؽĻֹڣһԵȿˡ
νҺˡ
۴飬棬ϣؽѡ
֣ͬõ顣æڸ͡
֣ҲòӦߡ
ҲˣȻʰط磬Ҳϣ뿪ؼңǶؼҶһܴʧ
Ͼǻߺٽ֮һҪְ
˵ߣǶˣҵĻ
Ӧǵؽһŭȡ
һ¶ϵ˫ֶڲ

ۿؽطŭٶ˵һ仰
ҲߣȻɸҺ
ؽǰ𽥻ָƽٴο˵
õģ֡
ٴζһۣڻӦ
£Ҳ뿪鷿
ͬʱɺȫվԺԺʲô
ţ
ǿԺֹ߳ͣ˽̸׷ӭȥ
С飬׳ô˵
Ȼɿɫѿǿʵ
Ϊµ񣬳ؽѡӡط磬ûܹط硣
ңҲҪеȨ͹ϵȥ£͹ؼҡһЦڣҹˡ

ȫͨѿɫжϳпؽִĻǻǾԭءԶеأ
ɣҶ׳ңΥΣҺô
󣬲ȫعͻȻʵ
ᡣ
ʶҡҡͷ
ԣһЦȻ󲽳ȥ
ȥıӰɺȫһۣնûпڡ
ΪǶ֪ؼڲ飬ֵܹġ
ɣҰȥ鷿
ɺȫĿ뿪˳˴ؽָʾ
õġ
ɵͷӦȻֱԺ
˶Ժؽյ̬Ⱥ;
׳
ܿģɶһ鷿ͬһؽʺá
ץط缰Ǹµ㶼֪˰ɣؽޱʡ
ǵģ׳
ɵͷȷ𸴡
͸ϵսСȥЭطץ鰸ط練ɵС
ؽٴοڣƽɶȴͬը죡
ƹ¡
ɵɫ˲䣬˫۵ɵùԲŵϴһ𾪵ؿؽ
ô
ǵģ
֮ǰؽǷط顪ط磬óĽǣؽؼҲᱣط硣
ؽǵط磬ҪսСȥЭץط磬ҪطУ
⡭ܲ𾪣
׳ȷҪ𣿡
ʮӣɲŴлع񣬿ʵ
ѵڸ㿪Ц
ؽüͷҲ֮ߣӵĹ涨
׳ӵĹ涨սԱΥΣҺ飬Ż
ֱ˵涨Ȼ֪طûЩ顣٣û֤ݿ֤Щ顣
ûȷ֤ݣʵʩץؽʡ
׳ĻӦñҸɹ˵
ĻΥ飬Ҫץô򵥣ʲôĻؽ

ɱ˵һжڱʹ־òףû˵ڣǳĬؿؽ
׳Ҹ˽Ƕ˵ҲطΥ飬ҸžطΥ֤ݣţţٴοڣֱӱ̬
ɣ㲻Ҹ㣬ڻӣҾ㣬κ˲ڵ͹֮ϣҴӵͷҪΪطϴؽԴǵؾ
׳û˵ҪӣҲûлӣֻ˵Ҹ˵Ŀ
ؽɺûгĬǺηӭؽĿ⣬һһ⣬ΥǾ飬飡ǣĹ涨ȷŻһھûпЭ֮ǰûбҪҲȥЭ

ؽＷĸ֡
׳Ǵף
֣һΪְɣͻȻشصˡѴ
㡭
ؽָɣ˵ʲôĻ˵ڣȿˡ
׳Ҫ˳ҵְҾ޶
鲻Խս˫ȭ쳣ҪǸΪ֮ǸηĻǸȫѧ統ʦǸֹһαɻĽ꣬ҪҪ˵սСȥֿ𣡡
ȻҼţ
ֲһ£ӡ
޷Ż֯ƻԳ֣𣿡
ؽ˵
ɴľ
ؽٷϻֱץ绰ɵ沦ƻĵĵ绰
Ҫƻĳץط磡


1180 
֪Լؼҵġ
һ·ϣڻ״̬ں̵ƿڱ泵˾ȴߴ٣β㽫˵·Ե̻һβ׷β
ͣڽ¥ǰû³Ǵӿڴ㣬տҲ
ȻǷһڳĴңĺҵһ̣򿪣һ֧ȼڴڵţӷƵġ
ʵϣѽ̽ˣҲû񫡣
ֻŶǷʹԼ侲һЩȻٻؼᡣ
ǰؼҴԺ֮ǰҲ֪˾ץط飬ͬʱ֪еĻ
˿̣ڼеȥ˵ؽؼҵľ׼ȷЩ
֧̣ŻصС
ءˣô
ڿͬ㱣ǱƨһֱվǶʵ
ûлشЬû˿ɳ
㡭㵹˵
ἱͬȹϵϣæӭקסĸ첲
СᣬԲ𡣡
ͣ½Ų˫۷ǰԼϦദӣҲԼӵĸף˻Ƶ˵֡
Բ
ͷһһץ첲˲ɿ˽ԭء
ǺǡҾ֪ǼЩ˻ȣȻ˰
֮ͻȻЦˣŭЦЦгŷ̺ͱ

ӵĻһȻ󻺻³ſڵˣؽȷʾϽҺ㶯еȨ͹ϵȥ£͹ؼҡ

ԣֱӴסˣΪ仰Ϊؽĳƺ
ҸͷȻϾ˸ӹϵؼҡ
ûһ㣬ڿڵʱ򣬽ԼԵƽһЩ۽ǼӶܿƵزһ¡
һ£΢ȴʵطӦһ㡪ʱǰТΪȵһǺεȵļѣ
һΣû˵ֱסúܽܽ
ַʽο֧Լɷ
ǲܲ¡ٴοڡ
ΪΪʲôһ
Ŷӡ
˵֣
ҲŶӲΥΣҺ飬ʲôã
Щˣλ޴ǣ⻹ô
ҳŶûЩ飬ҲŶܹ¡
˵⣬Ǽ֣Ҳ޴Ӳ֣Ҹı䲻֡

һĬʮӣź۵ֻаٷ֮һϣҲҪٷ֮ٵŬ
ˡ
һΣ˵ʲôڴֻ
óֻһɵ硣
ᣬ˵ʲôҲʾ֣˵
ͨ绰Ȼ˵ᡣ
ģ
绰ͷȿʵ
ո뿪ؼҴԺ
׼ȷ˵ؼҴԺڵӿڣ㲦ͨĵ绰
Ҹյҡʵ˵
Ҫ˵׳վϣһ׼
Ļɷ˵֮ǰһ䡣
⣡
Ȼ仰һԵᣬͷһӿֳ˲õԤС
˵
˶
ֱס˺
׳ҽнȥ֮ҪսСЭץС磬ȷʾС練ĻС룬Ǿʵʵ˵
ৣ
ɫ˲䣬ֻԼ࣬Ȼһֻ߬ʹޱȡ
һǰһڣһֱε
Сᣡ
ԭһ״æһ§סᡣ
ɩû°ɣһ
ɣû£˵
῿ϣ˿ĭ˶񣬿ڻص
ҵ׳С粻Щ飬ҾܾȷظСķҲãսСҲգǶ֡
֪ʱ䣬ǾýĻ̫̣ɳĬ˼ӣż׳ѹһУҵҵ֯ƻδ˵绰֯һͬЭСʵʩץ
˻
ٴɵĻǴһ㣬鴤µı֣
ûٴιȥ෴ֵú侲
ǵġ
һ̣Ԥϵ侲
ɣټؽתһ仰
Ỻڣ֮гŭͺ⣬СүүС˱ĸлл˼ˣ

ûнӻܹ飬ܽ仰תؽ
ɣ𣿡
صһʵ
죬Һͻִ֯ջȥС磬֪ͨһСɡ
˵ţָز⣬СʵԶ֮ϣټĻıǿĶûжˡ
á
һʱӦɵ֮
ɲٶ˵ֱӹҶ˵绰
һʱ嵽ɳǰֻͨطĺ롣
衣
طȻڻֽϣһֱڵɵĵ绰ȵȵĸ׵ĵ绰
С硭
绰һͨˣ·ߵһ㣬ôҲֹס
һ߿ţһ߽ؽؼҵľط硣
ǡԭΪԹۣû뵽Ϊ˰ϧԼؼҵëֹؼҵӻɸӰ죬ԼΪ˸ǳͷФȻҪֽ͵˵Ļ£Ҫֽҵ
ط缥ЦֻЦ
ؽҪȡѩĻԼȡ֧֮ڶͽ֮ؽνģ
С磬ת㣬ղȥ㡣û˵
֪ˡ֡裬Ƿİɣȡ˲ˣҲµģֻֻܺˡ
طӦȻ󿪿Ϊ򸾿ģ˵Щ

絶˻޺
˫ʪ
طۡ
ðȣ˭Ը룿


1181 ѩ㣬Ů
ҹĻ뿪ĵʱ֮ŦԼơϦбңӭƻ衣
֣ĳڴõһ칫ѩվھ޴شǰбʵϦ
ʵϣѾվüСʱˡ
ΪѾ֪ط飬ڹȥСʱﲢûиط绰
ڵȡ
ŦԼĻƻ衢ྩ賿
ڣȵˡ
óֻһ绰
绰˲ط磬үүҼ
үү𣿡
绰ͨѩȿڣЩͳ
ҵϢʱڵҴ绰֪û𣿡
ྩԨ㣬մ·ӵѩĵ绰ѩĻЦһȻ̾˿Ҵ绰һΪطɡ
š
ѩӦ
ȻҲ֪طǱߵ׷ʲô£Ƿȷ֤ݣĿǰֹۣ˵⡣Ԩٴ̾˿
үү˵
ѩ˲ᵽɤϣӿֳ˼ΪõԤС
Ǹµı仯ûеõϢ
иϢӦû֪顣֮̾ϲӺ͹ߵĻ֯Ҳ̬ҪץԨҿյס
⣡
ٴԨĻѩͷһɫҲ˲һ䣬üšһγһ͡
̣ȻףԨ仰ζʲô
үүطʲôˣ˽⡣ţԲΥΣҺ顣±ĻӦñҸ
ݵ𶯹ѩƾǿʣԼ侲˵˴绰ĿģȻ֪ҲӦø绰Ӧ˵ĻһϣܰطһΡ

Ԩԣٴ̾˿
ֺ̡̺γ²ѩ绰Ŀģ
үүѩⱲûҵһط磬𣿡
ۿԨ㲻Ӧѩٴοڣᣬ۾лżֿǻ
£ض˵ϡ
Ϊȫ̽ŮĽţκγϡκδﶼǧԳڴδȥ˵ĽŮһ̣Լļ˵ϣԼĽԼүү
ֻΪˡ
ѩ㣬үүܹ飬Ҳϣط£һε󣬺㣬үү
ԱԼҽŮԨؿЩ¡
޷ԼŮжమط磬ſԷԼϣ½ͷ­Լ
֪˻ŮˣԸΪԷԼںĶǶԶԷǷݰһȽ棬Ⱥ
ΪΪʲô
ѩڷΪԣԨܹطԨΪĻ޷Ϊطʲôˡ
Ϊطԭӳ֣û֣֯ؽ̬ȣ˵ֱʣ˵طҷҪֱӻеĻ
ԨӵΪطүүô˵ˣôòأ
ôطӣ
ѩͻȻЩ
ѩ㣬˿ԲңСʷ飬ӦúŴ֮ӲɱʤȨ֮֮ʲôԨ
үүҶôܲؽǰֻΪϧԼؼҵë¶ؼҵӰ콵͡ѩһϵļȥ
㡭ǵطӲһ٣
ԨһѯʣȻ󲻵ѩش𣬱˵ԼжϣҸΪȥӦò⡣
үүҲ뿪ӵڣɱûһţҲһˣ˭ɹˣ
ѩԨĲ²⣬֮гţǷźֱܿȡֻΪеĺͲʣ
һΣԨĬ
һڲΪ˱ͷ­ѪδؼһεˣһһδμӰؼȹ̵λؼҺһһδΪĻӢۣΪͼȨͷȴҪΪؼҵӣҵˣ⹫ƽ⡭ѵĺ𣿣
ѩ㼸úķʽ˵仰
ѩ㣬㲻ҪԨæȰ
үүҲҾۣΪ̫ۡˡ
ѩۣ˵ţˮܿƵӿۿնӣȻ䣬
ˮ˿ɬ
ɵӣޡ
ԨǲѩˣٴΰҸҰ̸ֻ֮ҪˣҾͬ⽫޸ΪֻڣҸıˣһؼǸϳˣֻҪһؼҲҪԸŮ
лл㣬үү
ѩһůȻʵһʲô
ꡣ
Ԩʵ˵
үүŮ˵ˣ
ѩȥˮȻ졣


1182 һһ
ѩүүԨ֮ͨ󣬵һŲͨطĵ绰
Բûܰﵽ㡣
绰ͨѩȿڣһζط˵Բ֡
£۲ѣȦ죬ۿתҧ촽ûˮ
Ϊ֪Լиѹ
ɵϣҪ˵Բ𣿡
طԣ֪ѩеİָʲôһЦĿ˵⣬ɽô𣿡
ûлشˮٴζѩӻ䡣
ѾȥԼˣطЦĻˮͷ·ߵӣôҲֹס
ѩ㣬ΪҸеѹҲΪҵģҪޡطѩ΢Ŀٴοڵ
š
ѩӦţ޵øˡ
Ϊ֪ԼȻһֵ٩Ŀ˵вѹŭֻǲԼǰ¶ͬһ˵һ㣬ϲ˿ڡ
㡭ô죿
ȻѹѩϾǿԿܿȶԼʵ
СȻΪұץȥˣȥ壬潫Ū
ط˵Լİţڹϣռ޷ԼԾȳȻ¾ˡ
ΪҵĿȻֻǱǣռԼ֤ݵͻƿڣûκΥ顣
Ȼأѩʵ
׳ɺͻִ֯Ҫңȿô˵šط˵ѩûκ
ţȥɣн˼ǵøҴ绰
ѩ㲢һˣǷǳǣֻǸղʵ̫ѹ߹ͷʧأ˿Ȼкܶ໰ط˵֪طҪȥģͨ
á
طӦȻѩû˵ʲôҶ˵绰ֱ˲Զ԰
Ƭ̺ط԰԰Ĵţһ㱡
һǰӿ¾ص԰ġߺš
ͻ֯ץΪ˽Ȼ¾ٴ԰ġ
ڤڤ֮У·һֻء
԰վڵ侯ѼطΣطֱ֮Ӿ񣺡׳˵ˣȥԺڵ㡣
лл
ط˸Ȼ߽԰
ĲµԼ԰е⡣
󣬵طԺʱġٺ˶ڡ
С磡
磡
˾һǵı飬ط֮󣬲Լͬվ
壬̣ط翪ڻӦˡ
С磬Ƕ֪ˡʾطȻ̾˿
С磬Ҵ绰ʱ򣬶޵òˡүүôôأ
Ϊط򱧲ƽĻǸռؼôԴûٸɣûУһıطȴ䵽³Ҳ̫ƽˡ
̣ؼҵı񣬶ֻؼҵӣһġطЦЦƺһҲ⡣
Ȼ
ЦݣġٺУȴ˸еĪۡ
УȻĨ˰ᡣ
ֹڣȿڵС磬ô죿
壬潫ȻС˾ȳ
ط˵⣬Ȼ󲹳ǲδΥ飬ֻǱǣġ
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طЦЦȻֱ塢̡ϲӺͻ֯ҪңҾͲˡȻСǸ˵һ
С磬ҹүүүү㣬֪ô֡
ɫѿԼռ޷ﵽط
壬ǵĺ⣬Сˣ£ǾͲҪˣԼᴦ
طҡҡͷ֪ռҼ㶯ȫҲ޷ıĽǣȥϣġ

ŶĶߵƵţëλдѹŲϺţдһڶܳ
ΪƵרдϼ쵼ľƵꡣ
֮⣬ƵʱҲר͵פҪ˽гѶ
ˡ
ྩĳλԹ˧վĹǸɵר飬פддԺͣ˾洦ɼӰ
Ȼ¾дȻһϵѶֱ֮Żط䡣
УȻͳ¾һ䷿䡣
İţ˶֪мء¼豸ͨ˵˽½õϢ
СεͻȻҾúܲԾ
ȻСƣèۣȦѪ˿ȥЩ㲣ǵǣط粻°ɣ
ȷʵԾ¾ͷȻڷ磬¡
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¾Ļ䣬űƿһ˽Ȼ¾ǿˡ
СطȻû£
ĻȻǴ˼Ѫһ¾Ҳǳ˿
ӺǱдһ¥ĴĺͰۼŸ쳤ꡣ
壬طأûи𣿡
Ȼֻĺ쳤ˣϵļ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮ɻ
ȥ˵ɡ
˵ţҲ˳
Ȼ¾ԣʶܲô򵥣Ҳ֪Ĳ㵱ž˵ǿź뵣ǣġ쳤뿪
ܡܣû
ϳ֮ɿضȻͳ¾˼飬ûзּ豸
ȻССε鷳Ҳء
Ļĵ½ԭίȻͳ¾ˡ
طүүô̫ˣ
ĵ˵ȻȭͷŭΪط
壬Ƿأ¾Ȼû¶ŭǳʵ
Сȥ׳ͻ֯ˡ
˵ţͬʱаԼ
ɺͻ֯ط߳һΣֵΣ


1183 ԶĶӳ
ʱ֣һͻѽĶ䡣
СУһװֱХŷ˶
ӥŮ˫ȫͳ˴սŸֿŸǹȫװ
ǰɵִһ񣬵Ŀǰǻ֪ľݡ
Ǻɻ
Ϊͨ˵ڵװֱǰִ֪еȻͨеʱ䣬ݺϸڣƶսƻ
Ȼ
ɻɻûѯͬڻɡ
֮⣬ﻹһɫ۵ˡա
յĴڣӥ˶Ӻ棬֪ʲô뻪ִ֯С
ӺװֱеһĹ
Ŵ򿪣ɺӥΪ׵սСݽ䣬һԾֱӴֱ¡
ɡպսСӵԱأװֱȥ
׳ʲôʱݣӥʵ
ǽǻɱط硣ˡ
ৣ
ȻɵĻӥ˵ɫ˲䣡
һ̣˼һ㣬׷Ŵ͡Բ۾һŵؿɡ
ס׳˵ʲô
ţţΪӳӥڣŮȿʵ
׳еطǵĶӳô
ӥҲˣʳսСÿһλԱеɻ
š
ɵͷ
ס׳ȥɱǵĶӳӥһش󺰵
ΪʲôΪʲôҪȥɱŮӥҪ
ȥϼ˵
Ҳȥ
ŮֱһժԼĸּֿ׳ԸΪҵѡκδ
Ҳȥ
ǡȥɱ׳ֱһǹҰɣ
ԸҲԸǹڶ׼ֵܣ
Ů˫ȫ塢Ҳ׷׿ڱ̬
ǵһιȻײɣҲǵһΥɵ
׳֪ΪʲôϼΪʲô´һΪӳӥٴδʵ
ִΪְ
ɴʣĿδӥɨȻ͵ҪٴοڵʱͻȻһתǵĶӳֲһ¶ȫֱھǰķڣˣȫȥ
һΣ˵Ǽɱ
һ֮֮

ȻɵĻӥһȻˢˢؾǣ׳
סϿڼǵжԣڽ֮ǰս󡣡ѵ
ǣ׳
ӥٴδȻͬͷԱһڳսСͻķʽǰķ
ܹûսСӼΥϧԼټĻģҲֻһ˰ɣ
ӥˮзɱӰ̲ס̾
š
ɵͷͬյ˵Ȼֲ˵ƻǻеķᱮôطǻսԱеķᱮ
սСӵĳԱԣط绹ǵսѡֵܺ;ĶӳǼţǸһֱѧϰ׷棬ĶӳԲΣҺ飬ԣҲԸطΪУ
١мطôأ
ЦһӸ˽ǶطΪˬڽӵֱ֮ӳ嵽ƻѯԭ
Ҳȥɣıĵˣ˾סӡ̾˿
ԣû˵ʲôһͬǰķ
Ķ¥طվڴǰųŹɱӥˣΪӡ
ӥ˲طΣҺ飬ΪͽҲţӥɱģ
ͬҲţɺɱģ
һ֮Ρ
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ˣҲû뵽Լӥ˵ٴμ棬һʽ
ӡӳ
ʦ
ܿ죬طע£ӥ˳˷ĹһߴһѰطӰ
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طת˵䣬һԾֱӴӶ¥£ƮƮһ¥ӥ˵ǰ
ӳ
طأӥ˷׷׳嵽طǰطΧ鼤ǡ
Ϊطٴαӿ֮󣬵һμǡ
ǣΪ֪Ȼط磬ɱط磬ϼɱط磬֤ط϶ˣǴ£
ӡӳ׳ǣϼɱ㣬Ż׷ʲô
ǵͬʱӥΪʳеɻ
ԭǾͲҪˣֻҪסԶΣԶᱳڹµԣ
طĿδɨӥϣͳ⣬Ҫסһ¡
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һΣط˵꣬ӥͻȻһ
ৡ
ӥһ£ŮѸųһţط羴
ž
ͬʱӥǰһͬط羴սСӦˣʵˣָʾ
ûлش
طӾһȻ̧ۣ˲ұۣӥ˻Ŀٴδɨ
һԶ޷صӣصսСˡ
ǰϤףԺиսĳط߱Щģˣֵǣء
ӳ
һ̡
˵˻쳹Ĺ
һӳһӳ
ԶĶӳ


1184 
ΪԵʣڵĹߺȻؿӥΪ׵սԱۣᣬϳűˡ
һ̣Ǻ֪һΪʲôΪط֮ǰĻûʳڡ
һ̣սѪǣ鲻Խˮ
Ϊ֪Ǹѵս¶ȫֱھˣǸ
ӳȻǶ֪һΪʲôԶĶӳ
ݵĳĬӥۿˣ˻ƣ
ԶĶӳ
Ů˿ڸܴͣ󣬴ſǻ
ֵǣǲսطĽҲõļ䡣طԣЦźᣬȻֱۡ
Ȼ
ӥȴûзֱۣȻط羴ͬʱؿط磬ĿгŲᡣ
ӥ
ʱɺ߽˷ĹǰͻȻһ

ӥӦȻֱۣתɡ
˵ſھ䣬˽ӽһʱһ㱨
ɳ´⣬ʱʱǹμһ㣬죬ս
ǣ׳
ӥȻתٴβؿطһۣŮ˴ȫ嶼У򡭡תܲߣ
ৣ
Ů뻮һתȻŤͷط磬ܵſʱڻͷǸо·⽫ΪطһμƵġ
һĻط˻֣Ȼֱӭˡ
׳䲿
طȿڣմк
Сӣ״̬ȥеҪһЩ
Ǿøղŵ̫ѹ֡ˣЦŴȤ
лл׳
طɾʾл
ΪΥսСǰװԼսǱֵĻҪְѾװģᱻϾ·ͥ
ôΪҵıҲΪһֻ̣Ϊ㲻Щ飬շ飬δԹκк飬ֻΪԿЩжԵľ
ɺׯصظطȻˣⱲıͷжٹ⻷ҶŻ
֪
طͷһǸľˣž˵¸ҡѪĸַǰ桪κ鶼ĸ֮ϣ
䲿лл
£طյл
ΪպһðűְķԼġ
һΣõǱȭеڡ
ط磬ҸΪշе̫ˣץס˰ѱȻֱݺˡ
̾˿֪طշΪɣط綨ԣȻˮ֤ʸط綨ҶϴżˮĶԻһֲ¼йطĻΪ֤ݡ
䲿λ޴ǣûһ£Էɡطɫ
Ҳǡ
ԣҲȻû̾˿κ㣬Ҳܿ㣬αڻϿò̬ץ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫ
䲿Ҷƴʦֻим
طҡҡͷƻĲΪͷԸңһؽ׻ȭڸ
ѡһԼȻҲǾƻĵͷġ
С磬Һ䲿ܶ˶֪޹ġҲ֪ĳЩ˵ܱܺġ
ٴοڣǰԼΪˣ̾˿Ȼ󻰷һתӦףµѾûлˡ
֪ұ뿪ġ
طڻĵĻǾǻ֯ѹ֡
һ˷ɺյһƬģҲẦˡ
ԵĻһǧһԸ뿪
ط˵뿪Ļֻûѧʧȥһ䱦ź㲻֪үүҪսСɱʱֱӸүүŭӣܾ
׳ٴлл
طԣٴεǸͬ򷭵ζƿ
ԼλѪԵϵүүΪ˰ϧëûиκΰҪƲ뾡һа취Լ
ɣһԼûκѪԵϵˣΪ˱Լϧ;
֮֮
лĻͲ˵ˣҲûϡ
ɰڰ֣Ȼڶ࣬ºݻҪ㵱ʦˡ㲻Ҫ뿪ģһʧȥ֯ıӻδĴΣաһҪСģúõػȥ
İɣ׳һᱣԼġ
طͷȻ⣬׳Ҹؽһ仰
ʲô
һ죬Ϊ೦ӡʱһؼңҲˣ
طۣȭڣ
֮ʣԣ


1185 Σ޳
磬ط硢º汻ʽͨAͨ
֮⣬ڸý׷׶Դ½˱
طһα˷˿ڣѲǸᾪ̾Ĵ˱ͨﷸݵת䣬úܶһʱЩӦҲһЩֻ
磬һΪ춦΢Ⱥֱըˡ
ȺǺ춦ֲȺ
Դ磬춦ֲٳԱͽȺˣһֱû˵ֱ졣
ڶطǸɵ涯ˡAͨ
ĳྩְĹӸ磬̲סðݡԣ΢Ⱥİ
ƺܴ󰡣ˣҪĽǸ˵Ūˣ͡
ǲʱδԽߣĵԽңطǸҲн죬̫ģ
û˵үүԱ̬þͻ֣֯

һʱ䣬춦ֲЩԱ׷ðݣףǽһģ
ЩӵܣطгһЩ峤Ȼ
ྩĳɫ˽˲ݡ
һŮӣ˽Լѵİŵϴ衢ݲ衣
ŮӺᣬһߣǰ͹̣һۣسħģ¶ڿеĴȰ𪡢⻬ţݳһ㡣
˽˲ݾġáÿµĹʳλԭֻݲ裬ż죬Ͻ㴲
ȻϽԶԣ֮˱￴ˣĻϰͲǽźãȻǷıꡣ
λˡ
ܡ
ǰַĸףּһҵĺѾȡ꣬ӹҵĴ죬˼ϡ
Ȼ
ܶûжƯĲòȤ
һ棬ǵʹˣⷽСΪҪǣǵݣŮˣעصŮ˵ںƷλβòҶڼ˽ܵǰµģóȻһİŮ˲ȤĿŵŮˡ
쵼ѣһ
ݺò뿪֮豭˿ڼƷüȻȿڣ̾طжȻЩźΨһϧǣСܵˡ
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ҡҡͷݣȻ֪¶ֲ̬Ӻͻ֯صϢɺմ׷ٵط磬ձطˡ
УطΪ飬δɡյ˶֡
һؽΪ˰ϧëɱСӣͻ֯ҲȥɺƻĿɶΪСվ̨ġԣƻʵʩʼûŪСӣֻǽСӸϳģԶ޷̤İ벽Сھˣ뿪ģʧȥ֯ıӻעģֻʱ⡣
Ҳ˿ڲ裬ЦȻⲻҪģҪǣ鷢֮ؼҳңؽĸҲܵɡ
쵼ǵܵò
Ե޵Ǹо·Ѿؼû䡢طĳˡ

ͬʱϸĳ֪ϵ
Ϊϸ۵̸Ľ壬һ˺衣
ûбڣѽͨżĵ·Ҫ˵һˣһֻӶɲ
֮⣬ȻڴߣǡñܿԴĸ¥ãɱҪþѻǹɱҲֻ̾
ǱɱһȺˣܹϸ۵̸ʮ꣬ͷ֮⣬ݶϧҲҪԭ
ǰ죬ϸۣһ˽ϸҲڽ£Ҹףͣ㽫Ҳڽ£úǸȴΪͨ뿪ģΣ޳
˿ڲ裬ŴԶĺ棬뵽ǰЩطϸһУ̲סҡͷ겻ѡ
̾󣬽˽ŲԶ
űƿ
ˡھϹ㱨
΢΢ס
ǣڹ˳
һӺ󣬺ᣬδڡ

ȻΪͣڰſڳֺ󣬱ȿڣһߴкһ߽˰ᡣ

վ΢Цһƣںܵλȫûаһеļӡ
ϾĺѾȫƿϰĺμңĴˡ
ʵصϸۣΪ̶ٺ˿ڲ裬򿪴˵
Ϊ°ɣЦЦȻʣǿ϶
ţܾһ̫λˣ˾Щ˼顣
ٵͷط鵽ڣȻԴºܾȡ
˵ط絹̨Ҳ̫λˣ
޳
ЦЦڹȥʮ֤ϸ۵˥һһĽۣеӣţǸλϣЩѳ鳾ˡ
ΪڽˣһֱؿŽ塣
˵޳ָʡյĽΣ˭˵׼أ
ҡҡͷһ䣬ȻһǵϾԴ֪ܶΣˡÿһζһȺ˳˥Ϊɣ֪ڻţЩҪصˣѾ˻
ǰֻҪĴͻڼ
ٵͷͣԵظ̾һ䣬ҲõҪĴ𰸡
طһղһղܱϡ


1186 ɷ𣬱ħ
Ϧ£һ½Ѳʻɽɽ·ϡ
طԼݳںš
˿̣˾ͨƤ߱任òϤڳҲ޷ϳ
Ϧɽͷ֮ط·һ·ڣȻǰվӰ
Բӥʦͽˡ
˿٣ʶʲôһѸٽӽ
ţ
һ̣ǿطƿ³һΪط磬ֲǡ
ԲʦӥƤߣıòڲԲӥɻʱطȿڵ
ȥǳǧ֮֡
طĻԲϸۡ
еǧǻ֯һصĸ֣ӵл۷ʵ˵̳˹Ŵѧ
һΣطǰƤߣսǧ֮֡
һΣϷʵʩץзͬ˼Ƥߡ
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1187 ̩ߣ
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1188 ˭Ĺأ
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1189 ңҹ
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ꡪ
طھŷҶĲѣԴӷּңֱӲ
ʵжӦ


1191 һȫ

Ҫɱң
ף
Զ塢ҶȺʣЩӵܣطĿͷ·ڿһŵʧС
ҹĻ£˾֣̱ڵģٸľȡ
С
ͬʱһͼַʽطעط罫עϣӶΪʣµľȡĻᡣ
ܷʵܹǸС
˵ҹҳ
طٴǿƻӦһͬʳһʣµЩӵܣµٶȣһƿͬը죬ƺˡ
飡
һӵܱطײֱӵɶͷѣڿпѪֱӶ
ž
һӵ֮ͬǰľһطһƳ鱬Դ˲
飡
һӵܱطһкģ

Ҫɱң
ͬʱʣ·ӵһֵشţͼܣΪ̫־壬˫ʧȥ֪һ㣬ʹ̱˵ϣطġ
һ̣ǻȻˣŶطǷݳޣɱ鶫ǷֲԱʱǶôѪ̣
һ̣Ҳˣ֮ǰ̸طʱǺεȵĲһ
һֻ̣طܹһ·
Ȼ
ν󣬶Ƕһ
ԵˣطĴ
顭
һ
һһӵܱطɱͳͳһڸһոžӵܵ
ҵĶ
֮еľ徰꣬ԼĶӱطһŭֱش
СҪʬΣ
һĻŭ񣬵ûҽٶȷŵ졣
ΪղѾͻ˻۷壬ʵֵ֮ϡ
һ£ٶµĻ޷ϣط硣
Ȼſƾ辰洫ɱֵܽطɱû͵Եɱط硣
ơҲŭ£ûпڣֻǻɱⱬȻȫֵ׼
һֻ̣һͷϵɱط磬ʣµľӵܣ
Ȼ
ǳ嵽18űſڵʱ򣬾ӵܵʬһأһֻһ˻ȫطɱ
ŵӵܣ̱ط£Ǵһ㣬ϳ鴤ȼ˻ɫҺ塣
ˣ
طѪֶˣ
尡
ҵĶ
ֵͣ½Ųصʬطµһӵܣ׷״
˾ĶӾ֮⣬ֵܵĶӶطڴ˻ɱ
СС
ֵܱߵĺУֳʬءѪϪĻ棬ֻһһȼգһҪըĸо
£˵ͬɽ緢һ㣬Ȼµɱӿȡ
ɱ⣬ط磬·ڸط磬طӵĺҲҪطɱ
ң
ͬʱӵܣ˵ʶŤͷȻˮ֮ץһžһ㣬ȡ
顪
Ӧһ졣
طޱ̧ҽţž˵棬һŶһӵܵԴ

һĻŭЦ
ڲǰŽطȻɱȻ֪ˣһǸҡһĴֻԻͣ
˿̣طǿƻɱеľһ
һ
ҡǵǵ棡
һǶϣһѷذףϣŭҪȼգ
С飬ҪƤ
˫ͨ죬ٴŭ
磬ְɣ
ҲˣȻضط磬ɱ
Ǿһֻɱ̫ˡǲҪɱҪߵͳͳˣҶǸҪΪͽܵΪجģ
˵ƴﵽۣһ˵ţȻ󽫾洫ȭ״ϣֻˣйͷ֮ޣ
ƾ仰һ
񶾵ĻطƲѪӿھڡ
ղţȻֺɨһͬԷˮһ򵥣ѹûжʵʵһʵûõ
Сһףѧҵĵ̣
˫ȭգһ󣡡
ৡ
žĻ£ֵܽһΣ˲佫Χм䣬ȥһ̫ͼеľǡ㡯
֮⣬˷ֱվзλ
ΪΪˮΪľΪΪ

ɱ
ֵһ㶯þ洫ɱƱҪطɱ
̩˵ЩҲͰˡƾҲɱң
ɱطһ޾壬һžɱȥ


1192 ɱƣ
ҹĻ£طѪʢھӿ˵۷壬ٶȷӵ˼£ͬһͷα˾ˡ
ط粻ѣһֱȫԸκα
һ棬Ӧǻ۷Ϣ
Ϊһǿˣѧһ֮ǿ֮һ
һͻƻ۷壬һĻ۷ʦɱȡ
һ棬ܹо˰ڳ̺еУͬһ㡣
֮⣬սӵˣսӵˣҲһ硣
ɲǼ䣬طӽˣֱռݱľ
֮ʵģֻǻڣԺɱ
һˣɱҲˡ
Ȼ
͵طӽʱ򣬾ֵ˲任ͣ;˲以λá
Уʵǿ˾洫ȭ׵ľӭط磬ѸɢȻԲҪطΧ
ɱ
ɱĺʽ֮һΧ̺ŹŴ򹷵ɱ֮
˿̣طʵǿľ֣Ʊػᱻֵܹ
£طʵȫͨھֵ˹֮ʣھҪڹھΪ޷ͬʱ˸λ
ط˲ʶһ㣬ȻֹסΣ˼ؿžֵˡ
С㲻Ǻܿôôˣ
ۿطͣ½ŲҹЦһȻĽգļգ
£ٴλصɱм䣬䵱ۺͺģص
˼ƶͳһٶȼ죬һתԲεḥ̂طѹ֮׷ըžƺˡ
ţ
һĻطͫ΢΢ûóȻۣϸع۲ţѰɱ©
Ȼ
ֵ֣Ϊһ壬ǱһˣɱԣֻҪһλ⵽ĸλѸ͹

һ̣طٶֵɱλڶľƣһ̤ط繥
ѸٳھƵ࣬ӰƮͬһ㡣
һǾƷʵֻǻӣĹɾ
ԭˣ
һ㣬طһ
ȻɱǾΪֵʵ⣬֮г˾֮⣬˶޷ط濹⡣
һֻ֮оһ㣬޷ӳɱ
ಣ
ͨһ㣬ط粻ٺˣӭɱǰľơ
Ȼطϣ͵ӽƵʱ򣬾뾰Ѹٻλãһȭط硣
һȭ洫ġȭתѪڣµھ̵ͬĺˮһӿұۣȭ֮ϡ
䡪
һȭǰĿըһȭ磬ɨط硣
ͬʱѸɢٴγʰΧ֮ƣƴֻҪط뾰ӲƴǱ˲֣ǿɱкط硣
Ծֵܵط˳ұۣҪӭǰľӼײʱͬҰèƵģͬһתþһȭգ
ط粻ͣٴʵľ
Ȼ
ơ;ֵܷ·׼Ƶģһطû뾰ӲƴѸپ£ʵǿľƵǰ棬վں棬һơ
ܡ
ɱʽ֮˲˲תھȫڷҲһʱ佫ھͨطڣھھԶʵ
ţ
طȻǵһμʶɱ󣬵ڴ˵ػɱ˶ʱ򣬺ڰĺڰ󷨣˴֮Իھ
˿̣;˽ƴھϣط˲˵յΣҲ׾ֵܶҲ񵱳ĺڰǰ㻥ھǶɱС졯شɱơ
ڴʱظӦƿ֮󣬲ͣٴ
ת
һֵ̣ܷӳɱľ衣
طԾƳ֣ҲܷɱƣȻ㲻Ĺ
طԴŲͣٲǰľƣһƻɱݵļơ
úã
һĻơ;ֵϲͬʱ߶ھ׼ӭطĹ
֪
ͬʱЦ
ͻƻ۷ȫԷӳ۷洫ȭף洫ѧɱսԲںԴ
˿̵սǶɱлط磬Ȼɹطھشһнطɱ

Ȼ
һ̡
͵ط뾰ֻһ׵ʱȻһ٣ƵһתתԾͬʱ˵һȣʡ
ȳȭӣ
ҹĻ£ط˫ϥʶ̬˫ͬһ㶤ڵϣھӿұۣұӵת˳ƻӳһ˴ǹٴ
һȭطڵѪڣ˲£ھױߣȭںͬγ˿µȭ⣬ȭ⳹־
ǹڶʽ

ţ
طŭȣͬһը죬׵壬öĤĶɲǼĻ㱣ܿȻˡ
䣡
ʯ֮䣬ط뾰˵ȭײһ𣬿µھͬʱŷͬڵըһ쫷硣
ꡪ
ȭֿط˫Ŷڵϣ˿µը䡣
ͬɵİһ㣬˵ɶ
Ϊɱ۵طһȭɣ
ɱƣ


1193 ݿ
ط翴˾ֵɱ©Ĳԣƹƣ͵ظıĿ꣬áǹڶʽɡ
УȭѿѪұѪھ·ֵҰһ㣬Ĵҳ壬ľֱ˺ѵĸо
һȻֻˣӰսھʧأҪסھܼ
ΪҪǣɶ󷨣ɱˣ˽ǳΣգ
ɫ䣬ͬȹϵһ㣬֡
ৣ
ͬʱֵҲͻһĻˣϵŵȻ޴棬ȡ֮Ǿ
ô
ǵģ
ղţſԵסطĹΪڱ󹥻طѹطȻܵӰ죬㹥Ҳ벻Ҷǿս
һĽطһ
񣬾ɣطԺ޹ǵضǷ
ܹһǵڶأ
ɱ󣬲ˣ
ط˵ţͣȻתһǰұٴ˳һ˴ǹһѸͺơ
ǹһʽ
̣
ǿơ򵥡ֱ
ҪӲӲķʽƾ˵ķ
ৣ
ξѣѸٻӳ˫֣״һȴţǰ
;ˣƴھϣھǲҪǮƵĸ͡
뼯֮ʱֵط繥Ȼȵɱ
ΨˣǲſԿط磬ǱطƵĻɣ
䡪
Ȼ
һ죬ǵϣˡ
طһȭھƵ˫֮ϣµھŷԴݿ֮ƣֱ˾Ƶ˫֣Ǹо·һڵ俪˳š
飡
ꡪ
طȭƲоƵؿڣ׾ٵع˾Ƶھ˲˾ǰ߹ǡ

ƲҽһؿݣѪӿµֱӽõɣֱײľ;ˡ
ž
ͬʱһߣأȵѿ
Сס֣
Լֵܱطһȭ䷭ڵأд󼱣֮󣬲ھңֱӳطͼֹطɱ֡
Ȼ
ˣ
ھ˲䣬طһΣسɴһ㣬˲ؿݡѪľǰ˳һŲƵԴ
һţطδ书ʽٶȼ졣
Ʊطһȭˣ̶ܵͬȵ𺦣ǵ޷תھʶӦҲ˰ģֱӱطһŲԴ
ۡ
ƵԴͬѹһ㣬˲ըѪŰɫԽĽ޷طϣطǰľɡ
ˣ
;Ȼײڵأδˣ׷׵һʱƲһĻͬһ㣬ȫ⡣
ô
СҲһս
ڽط磬ٴοڴͼطע⣬ط罫עתϣֹطԾꡢ;˳֡
ô
ž
Ӧһ졣
ط˵һ˲ʵľǰһоͺͷԴѣ
ӣ
ơ;ް֮ǰſţ׷ŵøεѣңްӦսӡ
Ȼ
طǸ죡
ৣ
һƿط׷Ķӵľ˳ƻӳצ״һץġ
ڻġ
ۡ
طָͬһ㣬ֱӲ˾ĺģһץס࣬΢΢˲ѡ
ط̵ֳѪȪһѪĿһ𣬺Ȼء
֮䣬ط繥ɱ󣬽ɱơˡ
ô˿յֱӳֱ׷ľ
ƺһֻ̣ܵǰǰȫġ
ಣ
ط״ͣһֱ˾ꡣ
磬ҡ
ƿŵûɢֵشȡ
Сң
ŭ˻𣬺޲ý̵ľϡ
ô
顪
һ̣ط׷Ͼ꣬˳һȭͬһ˴ǹֱӴ͸˾壬˾ࡣ
ֱӱʬطĸ첲ϣѪ
ˣֵܣΨоţ
СҪʬΣ
ͣ½Ų˫ĿͨؿǰһĻɱһͷߵҰޡ
ʬΣ
طԣ첲һھŷֱӱķѣһѪɳ

һĻͫ׶ȻеŭҲ֮Ǳһˮ˲٣ָ˼侲
ղţֵ֣ɱ󣬶޷ɱط硣
˿ֻ̣Լһˣɱطô
ܣ
˲ӿֳ𰸣Ȼһҧ˵תӡ
һ̣֮ǰšſײУͬɥ֮Ȯһ㣬Ķӡ
˵
ط״һһΣ磬ֱ˾


1194 վ
ҹɫīХһƺ٣ɽׯĻľҡڡ
ӭſ磬񱼣޲ý̵ó
Ϊ֪ط׷ϵĻ׶༪١
֮⣬ҲЩڣԼ̫дΪֵɱطɱط˾һǿƵɱ󣬻ɱֵܡ
ټľңֻһˣ
ӵ𣿡
ھûڵʱطͬһը죬ͷһ
ƿطϢԶϵľ롣
Ӳˣ
·Ϊ˻ӦطƵģӿһͷȻ͵ͣ½Ų
ò˵һǳϵˡ
¼Ȼᱻط׷ϣʱơĽȵףطĶ֡
˿̣һᣬƴһսơĲᴦƣпܱǿսڷ̵ϣ
ҹĻ£סΣѪڣѸﵽ¡
ͳ޵Ĵ̼£˲ﵽǿ״̬оԼǰδеǿ
Сɱ˲ͷȻҪϾɱҾѪսף
Ŀһɨżط磬гźɱ⡣
ǡǾһһҪأƵ뿪˻ģȴ˵ҪϾɱѵǣ֮ǰһ˵ɱңҪɱߵѣʦô
طӦͬʱžǿơ޵е̬ٲȻ˰ϵ⣬ǡǡΪǾ仰һ
СΪӮ𣿡
طǿżӵ̬þеŭɱͬɽ緢һ㣬˲䱬һŭ𣬵´߶ȭط
ɲǼ䣬ڵѪ·ȼɢաȵϢ
ȭطתɱʵʵս
һˡĶӾڣطսӺϵʱùȭطɱСɱطԴ˲İ
ɱնݣ
طһֱ
̣ǲķϲʵжͽ˵Ҳսپ
žžž
ط֮䣬ƿҴһ
һ̣ٶȴ߶˼£ʮ׵ľ룬գۼȵ·ƾճ˾ǰ
䡪
Ӱ֣ȭӣ
ط߶غھӿȭ֮ϣγһһµھУұ˳һ˴ǹȻ
ǹʽ
죡
طսپһжʤһֱǿɱУ
ɱ
طֲһȭûжҲ޷
ش߶ڵھȼյѪھںһھӾǿһȼյգɢաȵϢȭȻ
䣡
һ̡
촫ط뾰ȭͷɽһҵײһ𣬿µھͬʱŷŰ
ꡪ
ĶϹ
ȭ˲ըұ黨һ۶ϣ˵ɶ
ۡ
еһѪɫ˲ҰֽҲһҳ鴤
طһȭɣ޷شȭ顢첲ѡˣھʧأŰ˺Ѻʹݻ塣
ﬣ
һ̣Ⱦأһ촫
ȭľ洫ȭڵϡ
ͨ
ţݺݵ˵ϣĵҵѿĴϺһһ𣬳鴤ֹѪ˳
ҡͻƻ۷壬洫ȭף߶طʹɱȻһȭӲˣ
ϣ·оʹɴ۾һŵؿط硣
ô
طȾѪĺɫȭף
㡭ֻǻڣôôǿ
ۿطһѪٴβʵǸо·뵱һͿòס
ԭԡԪ𰸣Ϊ֮ǰǾ仰ʧȥᡣ
طһһ߻Ӧ
£վ˾ǰһڸϡ
⣡
طĻ뵽ʲôӾлعһѪһŭĿط磺ɱɱң
˵ԣΪһطޱػص
㡭ʲô־ŭغ
顪
Ӧһ졣
طһŶھĵﴦֱӴݻ˾ζϵ˾һ书

һʹĺУȻۣǷһطССɱң
꣡
ط˵ҽٴֱӶ˾֣ͣȺ˾ȡ
꣬ʦΧ书ϣȱϡգҷ书֫
طٴμһֻɫȭףһһʦңվŻģڻúܺãأ磬˻ôΪʬô
ɱɱҡɱҰ
طĻһѷذף˾࣬ĵطֱˣŤӣ˻
ûлӦطĿһɫƾɵ档
ǴӾĻеġ
ط𣬺Ȼȭ֣ҸоĲϵȵĺò
㡭
һὫҡȭġ
طޱ˵ţȻͬһľȭ׺͡ȭؼ󲽳ɽׯȥ

һĻױˣֹ
֮⣬ϳźڡ
ڵط緢ͻ֮ûðű֯ͷķգطɱҡ֮С
ûӾƷǰҸ棺Զ볯͢һ䣬ٴҹһ𣬱Ƶط类ϳġ
Ȼ
ûкҩ
һ
ˣˡ
ؼң
ҹ𾰼ңֻǸһľұȴɥ֮Ȯϳؼңϳĵ꣬ƽĵһ
ͬҲԡ
ҲҲվ
ط硣


1195 
ء
̶ľʣ˺ҹ
ҹĻ£Хʻɽׯٶȼ졣
һУֻΪȾʮǰӵ绰ƣɽׯ˼ҵĺڰƴ¼˲ء
ܿ죬ɽׯſڣľȻ˱ɽׯĳľŵӣ𾪲ѣְᾯǵˣֱӽ˸ɾ
𾪹о춼ʶɽׯķˡ
һӡ֤ǵжϡ
һ߾߲ҵʬ壬ȾѪĵ棬һڸǣȷ˻ƴһƴ¼ֳͬûκζִĺۼֻǵⲫսǵɱ
һУְᾯµøˣ㽫θҺ֭
ǣһЩʹľ죬ͬĳҲŻ²ֹ
ӵľʶ㣬Ҫǿö࣬û£ǵһʱ佫Ϣ㱨ֻһ仰ȴȾ
ɽׯѪϴˣһ
£˵仰ϻ㱨ջ㱨Ⱦһ
ʱȾһڲμһƻᣬϢ֮һֱӽƽ˾ۻŮ˵ؿϣŮ˵һ
ȾһûеǸûᣬǿ첽뿪˾ۻֳ´һ·ֳ¼Ϣȫ֣̩Э
ȻȾһֳͨ㱨ϢжϳⲻһͨĺڰƴǿѪϴɽׯ
´֮Ⱦһֵһʱϵˮϴ̩ȡ
ĲŶ飬á
绰ͷ̩Ȼ֪ɽׯұѪϴ飬ӵŵĵ绰ӿֳ˲ĸо
ΪȾһֵĲţ̩һ߼飬ͬʱҲǳ̩ʼҾܼࡢܼࡢܶ졢ܶȾͷ֮⣬Ȩˣռ伫
ҲΪһ㣬̩Բŵʱ򣬱ֵúܿݡ
̩㻹֪ɽׯ顣
ԣżɽڸղţҽӵ㱨ɽׯѪϴˣɽׯûпһˡ
ʲʲô
̩Ѿһ׼ŵĻǾֱվţŶ飬ȷ
̩ΪڲμӾۻң뿪ۻֳ绰Ϊ˸һԣüʵ
ǸŶ飬ԭҵðʵϢ̫⣬Ҳ̫ˣ̩ʶԼʧ̬æǸ
ϣǾôһ£ȻȻҪű֮УҪӰ쵽ṫ򣡡
˵Լ绰ĿģҲ⣬Ǿֵ̩Ҳȫ顣
õģŶ飬ߵ鵽֣һἰʱ㱨
̩˵ţԼжϡ
ɽׯˮ͸ҵİ֮أҲ򾰼ұꡢرľٶ
ңΪ˱ʾԾҵأɽׯ˾֮⣬ûһˮˡ
һ£ɽׯѪϴ֤һ㡪Էǳžȥģ
뾰гѪϴҵʵ
ˣȫֻһ
ط磡
̩֮ͨȵһʱڱڵͬ뿪1űǰ2ű̩ߵıչصء
żȥ̩ߣҪ̩߻㱨طѪϴҵ飬ǵطͻȻɱɽׯѰԼ׵ı
ৣ
̩ߵ2űſڵʱϥĿ̩ߣȻ˫ۣ̩ţȵɡ
ֱ̩Ŷ룬첽̩ߣ˿
Ȼԣ̩ߣζŰȫˡ
Ȼ
̩Ⱦܰг˿ϻžţ̩߾۵ס
㿴ȥЩţʲôˣ̩ʵ
ףطǸ쵰ˣڸղţѪϴɽׯȫɱˣ̩ȿڻ㱨޷εľš
ǵģ̩ߣ˵طѪֶΣȻΪеš
ৣ
̩ϢɫҲһߣüʵϢ׼ȷô
Ⱦ˲ԸҴ绰˵飬֮ǰ޷ϵϢ϶ġ̩ȷɿ˵
٣û뵽ô죬˵ſ񣡡
ٴ̩ȵĻ̩ϵľһɨգȡ֮ɱ⣬ȫ黪ط䡣⣬µĺĳԱ⼸ȶҪ¶档Ϊȷİȫһɱط֮ǰ㶼ҵߡ
õģס
̩ȵһʱͷҲĴ㡣
Ӻ̩Ȱ̩ߵָʾ´ǰ
һСʱ֮طٴѪϴɽׯ鴫ٴȫע顣
ԭΪط类ϳ֮󣬻Ҹطû뵽Ȼɱȥˣ
Ȼطʧȥ˻֯ͻĵıӻȻǿɣţ
طѪϴɽׯǱͶˮľңҲˮսҪսھʮ̩ô
ط̩һս˭ʤ˭

ȫطΪ֮󣬽ܿתƵط̩ߵĶԾ棬Ϊ⼫пܽеһսһ֡һս
Сʱ֮һƵϴ磬ȫڡ
Уطɫƽ˵仰
ΪѪϴ鸺𡣡
̩ߵֺܿӴʧ


1196 
ȾˮﶼһʱɽׯѪϴ飬Ϣڵһʱ䴫ȫע飬طƵ̶Ļֱԭֵĵ糹׷ڡ
ȻӰڵ磬ȫҲעδȵӰ졣
ΪˣȾ̩ƿߵֶ̩ûгֻ̬ڰеط䡣
طͬɥ֮Ȯһӳģܵȳףֱɱ
Ⱦֲ̩ͬմˮͶⷢˣˮϴ̩Գ
ˮķӦȫԤ֮УҲǵĿ⳹׾۽ȣڴһչ
ȵʱ䣬ʮ㡣
λϺϵһ̩ʽı
ˮ˽⸺֮һˮŻɳ̲ЬڱСԺмһ֧ѩѣǰϰһʿɡ
ѩʿɣˮİ֮һ
һѹ֡Ƶʱַܻʽɡ
ˡ
ѹ֡
ʵϣʱ򣬽֮СԲܺãҴ˼̩ŮԼı￪ſף׼Ϻú÷һͻȻӵ绰֪ɽׯѪϴ飬ŵҹ뿪
ǰһ˽ܵ˽˻ϰΪˮĶĳƲ˽˻˽ˮΪˮʲѲ⿪ţˮˮ˽˰ɳۻֵĵط
Ͱɳ̩ȵֱط类̩ɱ֮󣬲¶档
Ϊ˷ֹ©Ϣȷǵİȫ̩ȻҪǲôŮˡ
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ˮǰʿɣһں˸⣬Ƶ֪ģȥĵһ㱻ˣϵѶ֮󣬺ò׻صȣ飬Ů˶ûüء
̰ɣȻطǸˣô涼ԡ
ɳ֪Լλ֣ϲŮˣÿζҪϡ
磬طǸĻᱻ̩ߴʦɱô
ˮЩʵ뾰ҶһͬǰĸطڿӣȻڹӣǽطƳ˻ġ
񣬾ұ壬ܵԼİȫ
٣Ƶˣ̩ߴʦӴг·񣬱Ȼ̩ߴʦɳһǵ
ֻҪǸ̩ߴʦƱػᱻ̩ߴʦɱˮ˵еĿ־һЩ¶Цݡ
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Цݱ㽩ϡ
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ɳеľƱֱ׹أˤ÷顣
ΪһӰƾһ߽СԺ

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Сʱˮ˽ƷͶĲ⸺˲ƬϣһƵ
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ϵ۰طҪˮĽô
ԣһŭѪ岽Ȼ˰̶̲ʮСʱѪϴɽׯɱˮĺĳԱᰴ˵̩ߴӴô
Ŀǰط̩һսɱ⣡
ٴȫ˺䶯飬ڶطѪֶξ̾ͬʱҲһΪطյĿǻɱ̩ߡ
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񣬱ϳĵֵΣ


1197 ½
ҹĻ٣ɽׯһƬЩ鲼ɽׯİԱѲӰ
̩ȵľ
Ϊ֪ˮЩνľӢطԣͬ߹һһ
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ÿһֶˮкܴüֵ
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ȻĶˣΪʲôҪأ̩߷ʡ

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ˣȥȣΪɱǸȥ׼ȷ˵ңձĹҰǶ̩ȳ̩֡޷ɱǸĻǲŻ֡
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Ϊ
ҪǷضǿĹ͸¹˹¹˹ȫۣ֮


1198 ս죬ѩ̿
峿նĵٸԣͽеʥԡڳ֮С
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һУһ㣬ʧ˺ҹ֮У뿪˴ʹ

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ʵ֤ҵжǶԵġ
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شʦϢˣһæ˹
Լ˵ţֻݸ

ӹֻƬ̩߲ҵ״һ֣ɵۡ
Ұɣҷȥ
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֮ԻɻΪӵݺܼ򵥣׼ȷ˵ֻ̩ߵʬƬһ仰
201911գʹ̩ߣ䣡


1206 ֻŵĺ
ɽׯ̩ȻصԼ1ű
طѪϴɽׯ֮ͷһػصԼı
һУֻΪ֪Լĸ̩ȥɱطˣ
Լ׵ʵɱط磬ֱֵ
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ٴڵĻ̩ŭ
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ٴһ㣬Ȼ󲹳̩̩үڴʹ
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Ϊ̩֮ǰط̩Լսڴʹ
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֪ƬPSκ˶Ĵʹ峡ˣƬеԼĸ̩ߣ
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ڼ״æһѷס̩ȣĵʵ
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̩ߵҸղҲӵϢˡ֪Ŀǰûκ֤ݱǻطġ
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ֻҪסߣʵõ֮൱ѣ
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һط緢̩бô죿
ǽʧְҲ̩ѣ
ܶҿ֤ǻطɵģΪԴ绰ңҸԼսڴʹص˽ʹ峡ˡҲ˵ʹ̩ߴʦ֮⣬ֻлط磡
̩ײװɵǼ֤һ㡣
ΪµֻѰֵ̩ıطɱɣ
̩֪̩ڴڻط֮ǰҲ˵ʵȻطǿôڻطأŷʡ

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⣬֪ȫǱȣвǿߣ̩ߺпСǱȷеϢٴδ绰ңټ
˵꣬ٸ̩ȿڵĻᣬֱӹҶ˵绰
졭쵰
̩ŭһֱҵֻ
ֱ̱ϣͬ׹˿ֻŵĺ


1207 ˻ϲŭ
Ƶꡣ
ϣͳ׷ſڣ˷š

׷Ŀûһ˯ǰʥⲽæڣ̬Ⱥܿ
Ϊ֪ʱԼģԲǸԼŮֻһˡϣ
Ҳûǰȥŵԭ򡪡ΪȷİȫϣҲһͳ׷ķ

ſڣĻӦϣͳ׷ķ˷š
ϣˣôңռط¶̬ôϣǰŸսţűȲʵ
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á
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ҰҲǰһ
µѾûаտԵսʤط磬Լޡɭ֣ϵط磬ͬвһף


1208 Ϸݵһ룬ѹսƷ
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ͬЩһϢǣǾ̾طǿƺͷ񣬶棬ط絽һУ
ǣǰϵǣǽ֯ûбֻ̣кܶƶϣһЩ˵ƶϽӽʵࡣ
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ȥ̩ߵסҿԿطջֻ
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⣬ڰĵɭֵ޺ձĹҰׯ԰Ϲطо˸

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Ϸһ룬ôھ뿪أ
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طӻͳ̩ȭؼͻҩ˵
ڻ·ϣѽ̩ȭؼͷβһ飬ݶӡԺʵϿĿˡ

طĻطеĹ̩ȭؼĻҩɵˣɴ۾ؿţ·𲻸һġ
һ룬룬롭
ӹŻعֻͨһֱӹڵأм˵лллشʦ
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ͬʱҲѣԼط統
һ̣ΪԼط統ⱲӢľ
£ҲһŻҩ£Ը壬Ϊ̩ȭؼ̫£ȴһЩ򵥵书طóһŻҩݵǰ
¸ı߾ͺãҩŰɣ壬˷ѡ
ͬж˫΢΢ؿط磬΢Ц˵
ȻطҲҩȻж֡
ΪطĵһǷ
һУҺܿҪҩ
ط˵ţҩǰϡ
á
²ٽ飬ݶԼ߼ͬʱط֮
֮ǰжϵһϷط绹ûꡭ


1209 ͷɱ˲
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ϵΧȹæµţúͬʱţ¯Ϸһ⣬һˡ
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һʼ͵պܺã˵ЦȵƹѲʱ𽥱ˣЩѹˡ
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̣ģģҲ̫áѩ΢Ц˵ͼա
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Ϊʲô᣿ǼˣؽС䵽
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塢̣طһԣҪ㵱ʦˣӦүүһҪ꣬ȻȢҡ
ŭʹ򸾣ѩǿѹסĵŭ⣬οȻطھкܶˣЩ˶ǿ󣬵ǲҪģ෴ҪԻȥڲõĽҫЩ˸ʲ𣡡
áá
ۡĨᣬͷ
ɳĬץʣ°ƿƣ͹ࡣ
ѩ״ֹסˡ
գûֹֻǽշȭ˸Ŵ̹ǵ⡣
ǡһݺ

ͬʱ
ɽҶɺٴξһͬһơ
Ҷһף㡣
Ƶ֮ȶƱ顣
ףʲôҶЩɻ
ףһͽܰ
Ӧ˶ΪͽҪͷڹʱ޾屻ΧΪ㱨ǿƽ̩߻ɱˡѵֵףô
ûлشҶ¶Цݡ
ЦУŽ
˵Ϊܹطͽܶе
һҪףػɣСıûи㶪Ҳûиľ˶
ҶͬʱֽĿͶɣЦ˵
Ҳû߶
ҲЦˣȻԣҲҪ秵ףˣɾˡ
ԣΪط쿪ʤɱԣ¹ЦŸ͡
顪
󣬾Ʊײ
Ʊһ˶ƱӣһξƲʣ
Ҷ֪ʱ򣬵СȫѧϣЩ˵ĵӴСΪʦյϢõĽһǰ㣬仰ʱȻʱܼѪҲֻǰСԼ˵Ļ
һ¶̲֮ס̾˭֪չ˰꣬Ǿ仰ΪʵԣȻ̩ˮһλ˭
գҵõ鱨ȫȣвһЩǿߣȫѰС䣬СΣ;û
˵ԼõϢϵϲýȥȡ֮ǵǡ
ɣС类뿪ģʧȥĺͻ֯ӻһ̿ʼעʱʱΣվ
ҲΪұֻϣܺúõػšҶͳ
ܻܲҲ֪ҿԿ϶ֹͣΪ㱨Ĳǻ᰺ͷɱ˲ҡҡͷ
գǲǸСϵˣʶ˲Ծ
š
ûǺܸɴصͷϣȻ󲹳ڻɱ̩֮ǰҪ̩ߵϣѧʵ书ص㡣ڽ磬Ҫձ񹬱Ұϡ
ҪԹҰ֣
Ҷɫһ䣬ͬʡ
Ƕ֣Ҫ
ٴοھЩ˵ġ


1210 
峿һᴩʵʱǴƶİ
Ϊƣ׼ʼһıۡ
λƶԵشһƫƧĶС¥𴲵£򵥵ػһӣȻ㿪ʼͨռϢ
ط罻
طˣһ䷿ϥѧ
˸Ķǡ̩ȭ
УڸĹУż۾Ȼڷʾʽ
طȫ̶ڴʽֱԺٶԶ
죬㽫̩ȭòˣ̩ȭΪĵ壬Ҳνġ
ͬȭһ̩ȭҲһطԼѪھںϣ鲼ÿһ䣬øӼӲǿ󣬾ͬǦһ
νĽղֻ֮һֱʵͨطķʽϰ̩ȭߣͬʵ߸Ϊǿ
ǿҲֻԶԡ
̩ߣ´߶̩ȭطýղֱӱطһȭɡش
ϰ˵ӵʱƤߡݵ£͡
Ŀǰ綼һΪֻҪȫ˲뿪Ͳ
ų͵Ĺط㱨µõ鱨ĿǰһϵĵѾ뿪ȣϢƺڰɭֵ޺ձ񹬱ҰҲ뿪
ܡ
طҡҡͷֱӷһ鱨ǲô뿪
ôȷҪ뿪أ¶طĻûκλɣĵʵ
ɽׯȥ¥գ׼ȷ˵ˮ̩뿪ɽׯ
طһǵ̩ȶԣɭ޺͹ҰĻҲľݣһҪ뿪ȣԻһʱ뿪ɽׯȻҸطⱻǱ
е
»Ȼ
Ȼ̩뿪ɽׯҲܿ϶һ㡣ңɭ޺͹Ұ뿪Ļ벻ͬһʱ䣬ɭһطٴ˵
һΣûطеԵɣطҲûн͡
شʦǽȴô˵̩뿪ɽׯɭߵĻǾ޷ɱ̩ˡ
һΣڵ̩Ѫϴ鶫ǷֶһֱǺġ
̩ȵĴӪĽɽ⣬š˺ͺӣ뿪ͬ飬ҿս֮ӵѣջ͵͵ˡطҡͷ
Ҳǡ
ͬط˵
Ҫʲô
ҲʵʷȻͬϸҲӳ̡
ֻҪһ飬ʱ⹬ҰĶ̬
طҰһΪ֪ϰߣϲɻͨѡ£ѡͨߣʱȣȡ뿪ʱʱ䲢ȣӦûѡ뿪ǰձޣ鵽һ뿪¡
ģһʱȷһ㡣¾״
š
طͷȻδ죬Ҳ㰲ûҩＤǱʵɣһͻƻڡ
ǣشʦ
Ҳһʱڹȥطһֱûзûҩȵеʱٷá
ҲͬûзǿŻҩͬⱲӶˡ
Ϊ
ǿŻҩѱղ׼ʱϡ

ֹ졣
طɱ̩¼ӰɢȫطҲ𽥱СͬʱȵҲ뿪
ΪеΪط粻ˣҺпܻһʱ䣬ʵͻƻ۷Ż֡
Ͼһطͻƻ۷Ļ羳֮սܹƥе˿ָܾˡ
ڹȥʱɭ޺͹Ұ˾Ǵĵ뿪ɽׯϢһʱ䴫
֮⣬ڽ磬̩ҲҴ뿪ɽׯ
ɭҰ޵뿪̩ȸе˾޴Σͬطһˣ
̩ȵ뿪˲С飬Ǿжϡ
ڵϣ̩ھɽׯԶ˽˱ٴɭ޺͹Ұͷ
ģĺӻǽƻȫ綼֪ˣ̩ȶ뿪ɽׯȻһˬرԹͬʱϻ¶˼ֵǡ
ΪͬҰһΪطȻܹɱ̩ߣôսȫڵȫָаʤط硣
һ£һΣûкط磬ǽһطǱĻǽֵѣ
инߣֱרΪ֧ġ
ҰҲƣȻù˼طܵձȥʲôطڰʱ򣬾ձѪɫ񳱣ձڳϣζϴˢ裬Ҳڵ֪طִ֮󣬵һʱԼķɻϵˡ
ǸСһˮﶯ֮⣬Ӧûɱǵ˼죬Ƿʱ뿪һᰵиǡ
ɭˣһùҰ˵նط֡
á
ҰȻһ飬뵽̩ߵ³ǺܸɴشӦ
ǲ鲻Ǹ֧ҲͰˣǸµŮ˺ҲǴ˼һ㣬ΡĻһҵˣǸµŮˣһԱ
Ұͬɭİ֮ΪַͨʽطĿԲһʵ˵
ǵģʦץǸ£ʾͺˡطΪ˾ȣѪϴһɽׯʱ黹ڡ̩ȿڸ͵
żһԵϷΪˣҪ㹻ġ˵ʵԽԽϲСһˣҲԽԽڴԺıˡţʱıһǳʣ
ɭһЦԻ׽طڱصã


1211 ˭ˣ
ҹĻ٣طϥƾɵķѪ糱ھӿںϣ鲼ÿһ䡣
ˣ򡶹̩ȭղط߶ֻ֮û
һΣԼ²ھƾҲԴ򱬻ڵʦ
ȭתط̩ȭĽղطغ߶ʹԴġǹ붥Ļ۷ʦҲһս
طֹͣѪھ𽥻ָƽһ˼
Ŀǰ̫үغ֮⣬ǿѧԴġǹƻġ׻ȭѧҾҵ洫ѧȭ͹̩ȭ
һУʵڶʱʵķԾ¶޷ͻƻ۷壬ɱѾˡ
óԷˡ
ʱ⴫µ
á
ط˼лعȻ߳䣬Ѱںļ͡
Ҫôʵ
ã˻ҩҩڼ䲻ܴϣҲسԷطҡҡͷ˵ţж־Ϊ͡
뵱ֽ׶ջҩﲻͬҪһȫջҩҩȻһͻƻڡ
һܵʹ࣬ԶȵΪҡ
ΪĳΧסע⣬ûҩ֮ƾǿ־ǿʹֻ࣬ǷСƺߡ
һڴˣڵھʮλǹҰҪ𣿡
ù׵ͺͻȻ뵽ʲôʵ
ҿ
طԣͫ΢΢Ŵ󣬰ĹƣҰӦñ̩ǿϲ٣Ȼ̩ھʮλôҰӦھʮλŶԡ
ɻطӹµıʼǱȻĻʾǰ̳
طȻ԰̳ţǵһΪˣûмڹۿھʮλӣһ̳ŵӡ
ھʮλձ񹬱Ұʵս۷壬óѧ
ط緢ֽ֯ͣҰھʮλΪҰƻĻˣƻûкҶһֱۣʵ۷ʱڵ߳ɡ
ˣҰҪڸߣ
·Ϣ˵ֵһСʱǰȷŦԼķɻ뿪ˣҲ鱨֯ϢҺչ˾ĹƱϵͳﶼ޵֣Ϣȷʵ
ٴλ㱨µõϢȻʵΪ뿪ô
Ӧòм١طͷ
ô˵ôҰӦûձ֣
һϵʱѲ鵽ҰĴƱ
š
طٴεͷ۾΢΢
һĻѾط缫Ϊ˽ףȻطû˵κκݻѾҪȥɱҰƱҪҰʬȣ

ٺǶ̩ȵ˽ܱ
и޵ĵɭոշر
һ·޵˵صվڻ޵ǻɻɺ뿪νʮ㣬վûеȵط硣
ɭʦطǸûгô
̩ͬȹϵһصȴţɭæӭȥ
ȵɭ͹Ұ޶ԣڴط֣Ȼ󱻵ɭץߡ
ΪطٲֵĻȵɭ͹Ұ뿪ĻûˣҪʱطıտֻţð
ûС
ɭҡҡͷüͷƺҲڻԼжϺͼƻǷ׼ȷ
⣡
ٴɭĻ̩ȵͷһѿǸо·𱻲ǿһ㡣
ɭʦҿǸ֧ǲֵܳġ
ʱҰˣ˵ԼĿȻҺ޵δָ޷ʵǸ֧ҲδǵĶ֡һ򲽽ʵ΢΢Һ֮ϣҪ֣ǷֲԾȫ뿪ϾⲻǱսƾʲôɱأ
ɭû˵üͷøˡ
ΪҰ˵Ĳ޵
ڻ۷ʦԣʵ಻Եǰ£ֻҪսǿһɱһҲ¡
ɭʦ첻øȥͷˡ
ۿɭĬҰٴοڣΪȫ򶥼ǿߣձ֮ƵȻҲǿߵϺͽ
Լնܹط⣬طעõɭţպ󴫳ȥΪ̰ʧ档
ѾȺķ˲ʱ;ҵȵڣôͲӦͷⳡϷ
ɭҡҡͷ˹Ұ飬ɫԭƻ£찵иǰͷ
ðɡ
ҰȻõɭΪһ٣ǴӦ
ϾɭΧطжָӣ޴֮󣬱һֱӵɭİ¡
ط̨ϷĵڶĻʱɭԼϷ
˭ˣ


1212 Сӣҵܾˣ
ȸۿλ̩ϲϺεı̩࣬ۿڣҲʮװۿ֮һҪɶͷɣͷ֣ͣͨͷԼװΪ
ϾŵʱһΪȡŵͣڸۿڡ
ȺȳʻϸۡʻĿĵձʱҪЩ졣
ʮ㣬пͷưɡĳSPAȳνһƶǼƵꡣ
һԺζȼΪ֣ǿܺһĵķ
Ȼǰ㹻Ǯ򵥡
ҰȺַձûджȼ٣ֻǵĲϲɻ
Ȼɻ¹͵ĽͨߣҲųȫĽͨߣɻһ£˿ͼûлĿԡ
Ϊȫ򶥼ǿ֮һܹɱҰ˺ͷʽѾˣɻʧ֮һ
ϧǹҰɻԭ֮һ
ֵĻȫڿĺʻ
ִײɽ٣ҲԵһʱоԵİջȥ
ŵʮֿʼοǾȻؿʼǴΪиո»µķ򸾣ҲдźжȼٵģһЩˡ
ҰҲ˵ǴڣȵοͶǴ֮ȻվĿɨԶһ䡣
˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻɭڽüͷüĿ֮ʧ
һ·湬ҰۿڣֱҰվڵǴڣοϴûзطӰ
ʧ֮࣬ɭ˹Ұ
ɭʦҵжûɣǸ֧飬ѹͲҳ֣ɭ߽֮󣬹Ұӭϣȿڵ
Ҹ߹͵
ɭͷµҲΪط粻ˣֻ÷Լƻ
ɭʦڰӵаڵǿߣ׽Ǹ֧ȫüһʱֻҪպ٣ֱȻԳɹ
Ұ˵ɭʧǰοһ䣬Ȼ󻰷һתѵȵڰץǸ֧֮һҪҡ
ΪʲôɭЩɻ
Ǹ֧鵱ձɱ˺ܶˣȻߣձĳ裡
Ұ뵽飬ӿŭͷɱ⣬Ȼϴˢ裬ǻ׽֮Ҫȥץˣһ£һ档
˺һϳ˻ģԳֽǻɱ֯ƻҲ˵ʲôȻҲɱǣǻὫ׽ձǵ¼ο
ò˵Ұط֮ǣҪ̵ķʽб
ΪοڶսڼǻıĴʡ
սڼ䣬ձֻڼ䣬׽˺ܶ໪ĸŮھг䵱ο
ЩŮ˳Ϊձ˵ķйߣеıݲеıݲеòӺֱӱɱ
֮⣬ձ˻֯йɱ˱
һκڰʷҲǻԶʹ
á
ɭܸɴشӦ
ͺڰԣֻҪ׽ط缴ɣڹҰҪط类׽֮ʲôͺڰûаǮĹϵ
£ɭٵȴֱת뿪
ȻԼƻʧܣҲҪ׼뿪ˡ
ҰתȺ֡
ΪһζȼΪ֣Ⱥֵķֺ֣ܶа׷
Ұ㶨Ǽ۸Ϊ׷
ȻⲻԶģɽȷֲĸΪġ
֮⣬ø˻绰ʾҰǷҪżòŮ鹬ҰҰܾˡ
ŮûȤҲԲƸȨûȤֻ׷
Ҳձԭ֮һ
Ǵ֮󣬹ҰһͷŲľ죬ֹԱ΢ЦУ׷
Ӻ󣬵Ұ¥ݣ׷ڵĴʱַһʻ뺣ۣʼ˺С
ķȵľͷķҪҴȥô
׷ڴķԱҰһʱ΢Цӭϣݵ˹Ұǰ
˵ҷǳ
Ϊ¥ķԱÿһλ˵ĳǵһһǿ˵Ĺ䡢õȵȣνĵ˼¡
á
Ұӹޱҡҡͷ
õģҪʱҡòķԱϹ˵
һΣҰûлӦֱӴȾͷ
ડડ
Ȼŵ̺ΪľԵʣȻ졣
ܿ죬Ұֳַ׷ſڣֱˢš

׷Ӧ
ৣ
ҰŲȻ˿Уɫ˲䣡
Բ۾׷꣬ϳ˲˼飡
˼ô
ǵģ
ΪڷˣΪԲֵܳط磡
һֱҪϷе׵ĵɭʱ̣ҲΪԼжϳ⡣
˿̣طڷ
ܲùҰ𾪣
Сӣô
ȹҰлعط绺ֱҰ̣ҵܾˣ


1213 Ŵ
£طڵѪ˲ڣھӿƷգ֮䣬ﵽ۷״̬
һУֻΪ׼
ǰǱȺ֣׷Ⱥ򣬶˹ҰĽŲҲӦ˹ҰϢ
ԼϢ΢ϢԹҰû˿Ĳ
֧֧飬ôſɱң
֮࣬Ұŭѡ
ط޿ֵĳ֣ſԻɱҰƷ˹ҰΪǵжϣҲ̤Ϊȫ򶥼ǿߺձϣ
ɱ
طӦδڳ֡
׷߼ѣ֮ǰѿɭȥѾê𺽣˿̵ڹŴ򹷣ҰӲߵġ
֧飬֮ţ
Ұȥŭɶ˵䣬Ѹٵھ˵Ҳ֮Ȼţȥһսնͷ­
ǡ
طЦˣһЦһ򹬱Ұڰĵɭûãȥһս䶯Ӷ֪ٸ㣿

Ұ˼Զԡ
ȷġ
۷ʱڣ޾طһսſնطնݣƻشƻδȫָֻܷӳ߳ҵսսʤطİա
ԽɱԡԪں̩ߵط磬δսӣ
·ɣ
ʱطһͺȣһӵضͬչһ򹬱Ұٶȼ졣
ɽʯ
һ֣ط㶯á̩ȭɱпɽʯԼй˫ֿԶøʽڡ׻ȭ̩ɽѹ+ԼӡȭɱҲԼطԴ书̡ɱУ仯ˡ
֮⣬ڳ֮ǰѾ߶غáȭתط̩͡ȭĽղط
ͬÿһսһսӵˣսӵˣһʼƾóǿս׼̵ʱڽҰɱ
ৣ
ҰطһͬѰԼܴ죬״̬δѣӲƴѸٺܿطķâ
顪
һ죬طǰϥǴӹҰµĲӰд׷ǽڣǽ˲ѣм衣

ʱܿĹҰͻȻɱ˸ǹΪһֵնط硣
ò˵Ϊȫ򶥼ǿߣҰĲɱǳḻڼ̵ʱڵ״̬ҵһʱҵطġ©תΪ
һ⣬ȴձѧպĺն
ն
ձŴѧĳλѧʦںɢʱϯĴ򺣱ߵʯܵһ书˺಻ϵص㣬лѧ˸յӰӡ
նպգưձѧ磬ֱն֣Ƶ˺ն޵еĴ˵
ȫѧϣձѧúնط罻֣˿̹ҰóһУȫͬն
һ֣Ұ˵˵һ״̬ľ
˼ǵˣ

һնֱӱпγһյشľϯγһˣ絶һ㣬ȫط֡
ֵδϯǽмֱӱɨط磬طӱ㱻顢
طڿУδأ˫̽Բγһ̫ͼһ޴ḥ̂ӭ򹬱Ұֵ
ɱ
ط綯øĿɽʯ̩ɽѹ+ɱӦԹҰķˣ
䡪
ʯ֮䣬Ұֵնط˫γɵ̫ĥϣ˲䱻һۣ۷飬˲ܿƵغˡ
žžž
һµĴյذֱӱȵѿ
ֱùҰ˾ξˣ
նձѧǿѧ֮һҲɱ֮һǵû˵طֺطˡ
ңط綯õĲԼдѧǶõĹ̩ȭ;ȭ
Ұ𺳣ֱ޷
ôڶ̶ʱڱôǿ
֮࣬ȫһɻ⡣
ôܣ
طʵжش
ž
ط˫أȻͣͬһ֧ҵļ򹬱Ұ
һ£ط罫ٶȷӵ£һ֮䣬ڹҰǰұ˳һ˴ǹһ㣬򹬱Ұȭ䵱ǹͷھܲȭƵƿֲ
ǹһʽ
̣
һΣط綯Լдѧ˵ԸʢŴսս޲ʤͽҡ
㲡Ҫ
طȫռţҪһֱӽҰ򱬣

طڣҰξѣҲ޷ɱСն͡նǵһʱ仯Ϊƣһĳ
ơ
Ǻͺնһеѧʽһĳھ鲼ƣһͬһ㣬಻ϣϻ⣬ֹ
ն
ձŴѧʦƾУձѧ޵֣
գֵΣ
䡪
ȭײٴδ˫ھͬʱŷսɱµľײΪԲĹһ籩ȫû
籩ģҰ˲䱻һ㣬ʹѿѪɣұ۷顢ʧȥ֪ŵڵһ㣬ɶٶȼ졣
飡
ꡪ
ܿ죬ͬʱ
ҰӺݺݵײȾͷĴǽϣµĳֱӽǽײѣ˷ɳ˴գ׹·ļװ塣
ֻУҰ̱طֱ֮طһȭɡ
ǿУ


1214 Ѫ̣ɱ

봬¥ݿķ䣬òķԱ߳䣬ǡÿҰײ鴬ǽڷɳȥһĻ¾ʧУŵһƻ
ͬʱοվڼװϣȺվһģ˰ŸPoseգе¼СƵַǷ
һ̣Ǿ˹Ұײ鴬ȻԼͬؽĿͶԴȻ˹Ұ׹װĻ棬¾Ŀɿڴ
һ̣˴󺰣׿ͬһһ

ڣҰ׹ڼװϵʱοͲξѣ׷״뿪
ͬʱҰȻھң˵ھƾǿƽ׹ֱ״̬
飡
ꡪ
󣬹Ұ˵ϣµֱӽװѿ

һĻװЩο͵Уʱٴɵˡ
£򹬱ҰĿг𾪺Ͳţ
ΪΪͨ˵ǣֻڵӡӰвſĻ棡
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ڼװϵο뾪ɵͬʱҰװ֮ҵ¥ݣɱ˺ü㣬Ȼһ㣬һ䷿ķŴ򿪣һֻĺ߳
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ֻһϮȻ󿴵ҰƾһԼǰ¾
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ĵ̺Բ̤ĺۼΪȹЩѿ
֣طͫ΢΢ȻӿڴһŹõķ
ǾƵ깤Աġ
ط֮ǰҲƾŷȻϢؽ˹Ұ׷

һ죬Ӧطƿš

ʱ
ԴĹҰͻɱ֣Ϊһնطš
һֱӶѹ׵ɱУҲձѧ繫ǿѧն
һնҰƴﵽۣ˷·һѾױ̺Ũҵɱ⣬γ˿µĵ⡣
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Ұֵطȭھͬ˳һ㣬طȭû಻ϣϳطȭھ
飡
طӱúײĴǽϣǽѿ㶼ڻζ

ۿԼɱﵣطһȭֵ˺𣬹Ұٴ˾ξˡ
֮࣬ûٳ֣תһֱײ鷿ĴԾ档
طҪ׷Ȼͺӣͫ˲Ŵ
ڵǴ֮ڹҰ׷ͨĸӡ
ʱкĸǰˣرˣ˵Ͷʲô
ʱкһС޵Ǻ죬Ⱥиۡ
˿ֻ̣һۣط㷢ĸѾڹҰ֣֮
Сӣղɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
֣طͷһ
һ嵽ǰԾ⡣
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1215 ֶ룬򱬣
⣬Ұڵ£˶׹档
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ˣҰȻŲѡ
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ɭ˵ֱ³һͬһӰ˹·ԱߵĴ󺣡
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ģô
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СӣȻЩҵԤϣǰ֣㲻üڶҰ֣ע³죬Ӳģ
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ͨ˿̵ľط׷ϹҰɱҰҲҪһʱ䣬ٶȣȫԳûϵ
ԣҰҪҪǣҪط׽ȥ÷壡
طҪɱҰĳ˵⡣
ط˿תӵĻҪ׷ط磬ҲҪһ򣬶ط绹ߵĿܡ
Ȼ
һ̣ͫ˲Ŵ
ΪؿҰٶȶȻһЩطٶȶȻǣ
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طٶȱˣ
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غתطҩ
һ̣طٶȴﵽ졣
̤棬УһʽˮϷɻ
ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҰҲĺԽԽʶػͷطѲʮףԲ۾

ʱ
ŭɱŭ
ŭɱУ
ʮףףףס

빬Ұֻһ׵ʱطұһȭӿھ˲ӿȭһھУתһſżը
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˵
µɭٸطֶ룬Ұ򱬣


1216 Ϊ
غȭתطǹʽ졢ҩ洫ȭס
طѹƾӺŭ֣ױȵսǿһ
Ұǰط罻Уһбˣڶбɣƴͻɱ֣ǿɱնҲֻط硣
һУоޱȣһ·ط׷ֻţƵȵףִٳ֣սۿۣձطһȭ򱬡

ǰٿ񱼶ĵɭҰطһȭУԴըʬ嵹ں˲٣˫۵ɵùԲϳŲ˼飡
ǵģ
ǰһĻˣ
ΪطȹҰǿһЩҲֻǿһ㣬ɱҰҪһֽţҰֱӱɱ
⡭ֱԼ۾
ţ
ǡ
ǰĺϣطӿڴֻŹҰʬһƬǴ󺣣ܿɭӰӣΪ̫ԶֻܿһСڵ㡣

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طɱ̩ߺƬ˰ϣ˾޴𶯡
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ٴطĻɭû£޲ֱһط硣
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ΪۿĴǼװ䣬Ƭһ޾طһȥĻɭҪҵط磬ֱͬ룬ܣ
֪һĵɭδ٣ܿҲ½ѿطӰ
ûа׷׷ط磬һı顣
һΣպڰʦ÷Ҫȣǵûץط磬طǻɱ˺ڰĸӹˮƶ̩ߣȻطֵ棬Ұ򱬣
ֱܴ裬ͬҲڼ̤ڰҫ
֮⣬طĳɳٶеľ
޷մȥطɳһǸһطͻƻ۷壬¹˹δصĻǺڰجΣ
ҵȶͣһʱˡ
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طϷĵĻ


1217 ֣ʤ
ȣƶ
Ѿ˻ҩҩɹͻ˻ڣûһͬڿƾɵɳϣĬĬصȴš
Դط뿪֮ǱˣطǰȥɱҰĽ
С㣬شʦʲô°ɣ
ۿʮѹ̲סʵȻƻ̫˽⣬Ҳ֪Ұִ˿Ѿêˡ
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ˡ
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Ϣ
һߴϢһ߳۰ͰͿԼ˵
£µĿֻĻϣ˫˶Ĵ۾˲ɵùԲ
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ۿµı鲻ԣ˲ᵽɤϣ̲סʵ

һȻͬϴһֻݸԼɡ
һʱӹֻȻͬ¸ղһһĿɿڴ
ϢȻͼƬ֡
ͼƬˮȾ죬һͷʬƯںϣԭѩ׵ĺͷȾһƬͨ죬ΧǱĴ󺣣ԶһӰĺڵ㡣
201916գҰȸۣԶĺӰǵɭۼ֤
ءشʦȻźڰɭɱ˹Ұ
ü֮Ŵлع鲻Խؿڣ֮Ȼ𺳡
ǿձ񹬱Ұ
Ȼطͷ­
Ҫǣط統ŵɭģ
ԣֱ񻰣
Ұɣڴ̳
¿ЦһȻߣҲͨռϢ֪Ұ͵ɭǶôǿͬʱҲףƬ仰̳ĺ䶯
طɱдھʮλĹҰ
һӺڰ̳һӣȫհط緢Ϣ
ϵ۰طɱ˹Ұǵźڰɭ棿ⲻܰɣ
ǰطܷɱҰ˵Բܵŵɭ潫Ұɱ
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ϢģĹ̾Ժг롣磬طȻɱ˹ҰȻڰĵɭϵˣ
طˮ￪ɱ̩¼ȶѾȥ磬½̳˲Ǻܶ࣬ӻǵһʱ˵Ĺע飬ͬʱö졣
֮⣬ϢҲڵһʱԵ绰ȸ;ȫ硢ѧ͸ⲿŴ
֮󣬰̳˲䱩½̳ĻԱҲֱǣЩ֪ϢĵУ׷׵½Եİ̳ʺţӡ

Ⱥߣˮϴ̩Ƕ˽ܵı
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ɱطϣ˵ɭ͹Ұϣʧֻ߳ĻǵڶһݣȴĽجΣ
ϡϴ󣬸ոսӵϢҰʦȸ۱طɱġ
ڵһȻɿػ㱨ݴϢ˵ҰطԴҵŵɭ桭
ܣⲻܣľԲܣ
̩ԣǾûɫף˼һ㣬ҡͷĲš
ϡϴҲţϢԴڰ̳ҪҪʵһ£ڵͷͣȻʾ
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ţ
֣ͫ˲ŴеĿֻųֱ
ŵ㿪ӣȻһ۱㿴˹ҰʬƬ
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ɲǼ䣬ɫ䣡
ҰԴȻطˣ̩һ۱ϳͷǹҰģ
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뿴ԶǸǲǵɭ޷壬ֻԼһģӰ
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̩ȽĿӵĻŲԼڣֲʵ
ϡϴҲ֪Ҿºܹ졭
Ҳ֪죡֪ΪʲôɭһƾǸ飬ΪʲôῴҰɱ̩ŭŴڵĻһͷܵŵҰޡ
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ͻȻ̩һһͬʱһ뵽ʲô
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绰ͷɭɫΪѿȻԤϵչһ֮Ȼһֱط統˵ĸо
Ȼۣ޲ʱ⵹ȻŹҰȺ֣
Ȼ
Ҳ֪ʱһȥȥĲٻѷ޷ı䡣
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Ϊֵ̫Եʣֱ̩Ӵ˵ɭĻ
ǸСǰ֣֮󡭡
ɭǿ裬ӻӦ̩ȣطĳƺҲĻСһ˻С顣
СϸҲӲ淴ӳŴ˿̵Ǻεȵķŭ

ɭ龭̩ٴδסˡ
ûȥ룬طΪλ֪ҰҪȺ뿪Ҳûȥ룬طΪһȭܹ򱬹ҰԺȫռݣô죿
̩ȣҸıˣʱ뿪ȡ
̩ҪҪȥ򾯷ףѡڼܻʱͲٴδ˵ɭһߣֱ׽ǸСΪֹ
ááõģɭʦһİţ
̩ԣֻôӵصãòλ
һ̡
ֿʤ⣬ȴ֪ĵɭѾط̣


1218 ݳʼ
뵺Ƶꡣ
ӢҺӢػ³ϣٴݿķ䡣
ϲ㣬ݿӮˣ֮³ϿЦף
ոյ֪طɱҰϢüӣŹ֪ݿ
֮ǰݿģطǷԵɭҰ˶֡
³ϴʦָҴʲôϢ
ݿĵһЦ˵Ĵ۾оǺ뼤
Ȼƾط˽ǷݴżäĿΣжϳһ㣬طʲôܸȤ
ڸղţȸۻɱ˹Ұ
³˵ţҡҡͷ·ֱ˿̶Ϣңʱڰĵɭ벻Զڵŵɭɱ˹Ұ֪ôģ
³ϴʦ֪֪ܲ
ݿ΢Цգգ۾һֻСȸǴ˵ߡ
ݿǶԵģҿȷô˵ݡ³ϿЦŵͷ
³ϴʦǶԼӴݿƻЦţٴοѵ
İɣݿҼǵöԼһҪʱԸ˵ΪһΡ³ЦЦȻ֪ܻڰᣬʵݣºڰᡣ
һ棬ȫǿߣ˰¹˹޾ڰκǿߡ
һ棬ӢӢػػӢӢͬҲ֧
仰˵ĸҶ֣ӢԻ᲻ϧһпսҶôģľӺɱԼǿǸ
ǿʵ͵̣ҲǿƼʱ޷Ϊ׵Ĺؼ
Եıǽ͢ӵн̻˹ڽ̲ϣȫ򶥼֣һЩԣвԶ
³ϴʦҲܿҪֶԼˡݿ˼
ΪΪʲô
³ЩȣȻһ뵽ʲôһ˼ؾ찡ݿ㲻Ҫң׼Ժڰĵɭ֣
Ҳأ
ݿٴ¶˵΢Ц顣
Ǹڰĵɭʵ̫ǿطӦûа취ɱɭŮеĵиطϷҲûء

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΢΢һʶʵϣˣϢйô
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ϣһŵ˵ڸղţɱ˹Ұǵźڰɭ棡
Ŷôģ
ֱӴɳϵд𾪡
ݿԣΪߵİҰɭ˵ʵҲףطҪŵɭɱҰǺεȵѣ
֮⣬ط˽̶ҪݿǽеһμԻ֮⣬඼Ϻ鱨
һ£Ϣ𾪣Զʤݿ
Ƭɭʱһξ롣Ӧڵɭϵ֮ǰɱ˹ҰֱӴ˹ҰԴ
ϣ˵ԼжϣȻھḶֻ́Լ֪ˡ
һһˢҶ֪뵱ɪȣ޴̲ס̾
ǵģһ˸е˼ˣܹ͢ǽ͢δϣ͢𡢷ٵĹؼ
ܰý͢ӶӳʹʿɪȽ϶󣬵ϣûκηͲǵͷͣΪź̾˿ϧƾԼ鷳֮а׷ˣҲʧȥ£͢ĳ롣
Щϧء
ԣϵ𾪺˷Ҳȥȡ֮һĨʧ䡣
͢пʧȥδĹؼΪطŮ˵ĿҲԽԽСˡ
ˡˡ
ϣͰеźͬʱֻ𶯵
ţ
ϣԼͬؽĿͶֻаżɻߵǰֻһһİ硣
ΪˣʧеİֱӹҶϡ
ˡ
Ȱֻϣֻ
һΣֻһһϢ
üȻǸղʾ뷢Ϣ
Ϣֻ̣ܶһ仰ȴðԭأ
ط硣
ôˣ˭Ϣ
쳣ϣЩɻʵ
ûлش𣬰лع񣬼ػزطĵ绰
װط磬ܸܹӵĵ绰
绰ܿͨȿڣڼ
ô
ǵģ
ڸղţΪΪطŮ˿ԽԽСʧ䣬˿طͰѵ绰ˣ
ط磿
ͬʱһԵϣ֮ͬǰİһԭأһ±ơطôͻȻ绰
ʥŮáطòʺá
װط磬ȣһֱڹעĶ̬֪һУոľٶʵ̫ˣ˷ܵ˵
ʥŮллĹע
طʾлȻ󻰷һתֱ⣬ʵ֪Ǻͽ͢ϣʦһġںһҵĵ绰𣿡
ǵģװط磬ҺϣʦһԵȣӵ绰
ٴطĻǱһˮƵģֱӽеļ˷ܣȡ֮ʧɻ
Ϊط绰еʧ䣬ͬʱҲطϣе档
ϣˣҪͨ
ʧ䡢ɻͬʱǵһʱ佫ֻݵϣǰ
Ŷ
ϣԣͬɻȻӹֻ΢Цſ޵ˣܸܹ֤Ĵ˵Ҳܸܹӵĵ绰
лл
طٴεлȻżɽ˵ϣʦɱڰĵɭô
Ұɱɭϣһ
Ӧ˵ָ׼ȷһЩչԼʵط
ǺǣǵģˣʵΪ֮̾
ϣԣһ䣬ȻЦŵҿԴӦҪ󣬵ΪرϣܹӭȢ͢ţңôˣΪ͢ĳõ͢ȫ֧֡
Ǹϣʦҵ˼ˡ
ϣ˵꣬ط翪ڴϣĻԸ˵֡
˵壿ϣһ
ǵģϣʦ֪ĵܵںڰɭС
طɻ˵ϣܣȻʵѵΪô
ˣϢͬΪ֮ȡҲǿԼһġ
ϣЩȻĶط˵ĵܵڵɭУҲ氲ȵԭҲһ밲ἰɭʱüͷ壬кâ˸ԭ
ã
طд󶨡
ϣ̸ڴӦˡ
µĻʼݳ


1219 ˹Ž
طɱҰ飬ȫ硢ѧ͸𶯣Զ֮ǰɱ̩߸
һ棬Ұʵ̩֮ϡ
һ棬ط粻ðűΧķգɱҰǵźڰҾɭ棡
ΪڰĺĳϣɭʵŽڰǰ壬ȫѧž޴Ӱϡɫ֮Сͷ·¹˹ͺڰһѵΪ¹˹ɱðڰˣ
ǱΪĿˣȫͽ˵
͢ϣĵܵڣ⣡
һУõɭںڰӵſµϣͽ֮͢ǣҲ˶
Ϊһ޷ɭɱĻԵɭӣƱػз񱨸
һȫǿߣǽбΪκһҡκһجΣ
طεŵɭһеģ
Ϣ䶯˵ĵһӦ
طɱҰʱ򣬵ɭδطɣ
жϣõһͬ
ڸкѧЩǿ߿ط죬ǿɭҲЪˣҪ˵ǵŵɭɱˣӵɭߵĿԶ΢΢
طΪ̤˵ɭĽͺڰҫɭͺڰԲŹ
󣬾˶жϣͬʱٴνĿ۽ȣڴ¼Ľһչ

ȡ
Ƕٺ˽ܱ
ɭӵ˺ڰʦ÷ĵ绰
ɭϣѵ㲻ö˵ʲô˵ӦҴһ绰˵أ
绰ͨ÷ȿڣ²Դǲ㼤ңɭܹܵ÷Ĳŭ⡣
Ǹ÷壬ԭӦø绰㱨ߵ飬ʵ̫ˣҲڰĨˣʵڲ֪ô㱨ɭɫѿ˵
γ֪֮Ҫ绰÷㱨
ô㱨
÷Լĳ裿
֤Լܣ
ðɣɭܹ飬Ӧøңʲôô
÷̾˿ٴһȻ󲻵ȵɭڣˣҰɣΪʲôӣ
÷壬ǸС̫ƻˣ̫ˣ
ɭ˵ԼʡܽԭȻ˵ľĹġ
ĳӲƻҹݡ㣬ֹ֮Ȼһеػɱ˹Ұ
绰ͷŷĳǱ÷壬ɭĻ㱨֮󣬳Ĭʮӣſ˵ԼĿȻĽƻɱ϶ԣĳɳٶȸΪ֮𾪣
ǵģ÷壬ӳɳ̫ˣ÷˼ݡйżмصĹŴЩţҲɣɭڸ֮ͣгž̾
Ȼطܲˬջ𣬺޲һط磬ҲòϣطѧϵĴ˵˹Ž
ǵģԣǾԲɳȥˣһٳٲصĻǴ޴鷳Ӱ쵽Զƻ
÷Ҳһ㣬Ȼһ䣬ʵɭûиһ㱨ôȻȣҪ׽ĳӣ
š
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Ҵһͨ鱨ǻĳӵ䣬һ߰Ǳˮ̩ȵߣ̩ȵնϹɭ˵Լļƻ
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÷ĬƬ̣ۣȻͰռƻִаɣǵʱ䡢Ľ׶Ρ
ţһȥ㣡
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ԭںڰĵλ÷Ͷ٣ʶȻ¹˹÷ֹ÷ҲûпΪ÷أһ˾״
÷ͨ󣬵ɭ˿Ȼɫһ¥
һ¥̩ɳϣһ߳ѩѣһߺơ
ƹ£ƣȻԿıʮ㲣ȦѪ˿èۺŨص۴
ΪԴط֮û˯һȾ
ңڽеȴ֮⣬ʲô
ֳƿ޷Ԥ֪Σգ˽ˡ
¿ʤ⣬ŵɭɱط׼ҵɭһȻ޷ĵĽǣֻôֻš
ţ˶ѡ
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ϡϴˣ
һ̡
̩Ӧ輸ϵĶԽͻȻһֵĺС


1220 Ϲ
ͻĺУ˱İ˲˵ɭ̩ȵĿ⡣

󣬶ԽִŨصĺȻ㱨֮˴˿̷ǳֻš
˭˭ˣ
ǻ㱨֮ˣ̩ҲͻĻ㱨ëˣһֱɤϣŵԽʶʵ뵽ʲôǡǻطô
ǡǵģϡϴڳű
Χ𾯽ˮﾫɪɪĭѹ㱨
ৣ
ͷµĻ㱨̩ȵɫǲһ䣬ȻʶؽĿͶɭҡɭʦ
Ҷˡ
ɭüЩĵؿ̩ȣ˰ųѲΪԵҵɱˣ

Եɭѵ⣬̩ҲʶԼĵӣæһɭʦҲŵã̫ˣǷѾ˼޷ҵǸ飬Ȼڹȥɵô
ⶰĴԺ
ɭûв̩ȣطյ·кܴĲͬԼЩԾﲻԾȴ˵ʶԵƬ̣Լ¥ȥ۲һ
áõģɭʦһĻҵ¿¶Ҫ
̩ǴӦȻԥһ£˵Լĵǡ
ЩʲôϵֻҪţطˣ㻹¶Լλòɣ
ɭüѵһ䣬Ȼֱת¥Ҫȥ¥̨۲һʲôԾĵط

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ĸ̩߻ţɭ⻰ûë̩ˣľ¶طɱĻǼطˣĴҲǳ
ֻЩҶԵɭ˵ڣǸƨһƨƨߵسŵɭ׷ȥͬʱ֪ͨԼڸ
ͬʱͨľС·ϡ
ط粻ţʵѪھӿع۲ܵһз紵ݶֹɭͻȻ֣֡
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ΪҪǣѶطĴ׹طΪĿ־壡
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ǱطѪɽͬһѪҹš
ǹ
ŵʺѪΧˮﾫͷĿһͺȣȻȿ۶
ЩˮľѾֲѣ˿ͷĿʶؾͿ۶˰ŵñ۾һɨܷ򵽣ѾǵĿǷΧˡ
ַֻͨʽɢĵĿ־壬ԼеȫһЩ
⡭Ҳս±Ӿĵͼ
Ƕˮľ񣬲˵սҲѪս˿֮ԻˣȫǱطƵˣ
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ԼôĶ֪ʧȥʶ
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طͬ׼һɱԼ£ˮͷĿֵشȻȵͷ񱼡
ৡ
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Ȼ˳̵ľطУطţܿ㱻׷ϡ
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ҹĻ£طɱʮˮľ֮󣬲ǰͬһ㣬
Ϊ֪ɭԼҶԼɱģΪˣαװɲ֪ɭڵӣɭеǡ
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طһ·ͣ˽ŲĿɨ¥̨Ϲ¶һĨȻתӡ
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Ϲ


1221 ս
ҹĻ£ɭ˳ֵ׼˲㽫ٶȷӵ˼£·ƾһʧ̩ȵ˵
ģطǸҪˣŵɭ뿪̩ҵķ
Ȼ;ɭһΪط緢ֵɭתӣȻû뵽ɭ
ţһΣɭԲط뿪
ǵģϴ󣬻طȻ޷ߣ
̩ȵڣҲ˿
ط̩˵جΣγˣ
ĳӣˣһΣӲģ
·Ϊ֤̩ȺڵжƵģɭط֮Цһ쳹ʣг뼥
ŽԽط׽طͽ͵
ɭϹҲ·ͷطһߡ񱼡һߴӦ
СӣȻҲҪһٶңҽץҪܣɭطĻ̼ˣ·ųݻ
ϹΪץңΣ
ط缥ӦͬʱתطٴνٶһЩԱԼܡԵøӱ档
٣
ȻطٶٴɭмЦˡ
һףʮףʮףʮס
ܿ죬ɭƾٶȵƣطľʮס
ʱ
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ֹͣܣǻȻתһ޾Լٱĵɭ
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ط΢΢һЦɭĿͷ·ڿϵ⡣
ţ
طĻɭͫ׶ȻСΣյâ״еٴγ֣ɵؿط磬СӣΪһ޿ֵӾͿŵң
Ϲ㻹ǵҶ˵Ļôط練ʡ
ʲôɭȫ䱸
ϴɾӵţһȡͷ­طڣ˵ȸ۸ɭµĺݻ

ٴطĻɭЦһ㣬Ц
ǵġ
һЦ
ϣطʵܿ죬Ѿܹɱ̩ߡҰִˡ
̩ҲãǶʢʱڵĹҰҲգ޷Ტۣһֻ־
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ֻҪԸ⣬նطնݣ
Ȼ
ܿ죬ɭЦȻֹ
Ϊ͵ؿһӰȻϢس֡
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Ŀ⺧ˣϢһֲĸо
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͢еĸ֣ʱˡ
ģϣ㾹ȻСң
ɭ۾˸ŭ⣬Ŀضϣ
ƣ
ϣضŵɭɱȻѵɱҵܵܵˣ죬ҪΪҵܱܵ𣡡

ɭٴЦЦúܲҲܲмҳϣұĳˣƾǾɱңҿǵԴˮ˰ɣ
أ
һΣϣػһ
䣬Ӱ֡
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֪³ϣҶ³ϵʵ˽⡣
˵ֻطϣĻɭȫ޾壬ôټ³ϵĻɭھƣ
Ϊϣ³ϣʵɭڲ֮䣬̫
³ϣԩ޳ΪҪɭȫ䱸³ʵ
ΪһԼݿҴģ˵طڻɱ̩֮󣬻㡢Ұ޳֣ҲţȻʵ֤ˣǣұжԼΪݿطһΡ³赭д˵
ʱطϵݿݿĵʾл
ţֻǵĸлݿ֪ҪԵɭֱ֮Ӹ³ǷһԼԵط֡
ʱϣطߣط翪ڻӦѵ³ϼĻȷɱɭֻطĻɭһӣǿߵġ
ϣⷬطݿİ
ǣ³ϱ˵ƻ
˻
³ϵĻɭõһȻؾ³ϣҪ㣬ĻҽǷܹ뿪ӢΪڰĵˣӦ֪¹˹Ѿͨ񾳵һһأӢѣ
ɭȻѾˣһľ棿˵в׼ȷЩ
³ϲΪȻЦˣºԸ˵սһ㲻Ӱ쵽Ӣ
ڰ¹˹ı
Ϊ¹˹ͻ񾳣ΪطĿԸһЩ
ֻҪ¹˹޷ͻ񾳵Ļ޾塪ƻΪ׵ȫѧˣԲ̰¹˹Ϊģ
ҲܸɴͬݿԸжԼԭ
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ʱط翪ˣɭ֮ǰ˵Ļ˵ɭ
ССӣԭһҸıˡȥ
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ಣ
£ɭһΣһ˲ط磬ҪȽطɱ
Ҫ㣡
طһ޾壬ӭϡ
â
ս


1222 Χɭ

ҹĻ£طѪڣھӿƴﵽۡ
ԵɭĹ˷ӭνǿƵ˼㣡
ţ
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һŭɶҪطɱ̬ںźúʵֻΪط磬ɱط硣
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˿̣طҪӲƴſһط磬³ϺϣҲֻɱط˲֣޷ܡмܡ
ɭ㵱ǲô
·Ϊӡ֤ɭжƵģϣ³һȣɭҪֹɭɱط硣

ɭŭһֻͣΣطǱͻΧתߡ
ߣ
ϣһȣ֪߶ʲôطٶ˲䱩ǣֱӷסɭܵ·ߡ

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䡪
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ڤȭռɱ
ף
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У⾳羪ףھŷը죬˲䱬ֲĻΪڤȭռɱС
һ̣ɭˣ˿καһ־ǿɱУͼϣ
Ϊ֪һǴƵĻھתܵӰ죬ŻҪ³ϵĹмܡ
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ߣ
ԵɭǿɱУϣɫĮغһ˫ֺʮһؽȻ𣬺Ȼն¡
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һ̣ûжý͢书ս֮ǶõĹŽ͢ʥ
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Ž͢ŷ޵ӰվƣڰҪݻٹŽ͢ɣȡ͢ƿ½
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һնϣ˵˲ۣڵھӿ˫֣ԭҰ׵һƬͨ죬ׯ϶ʥ֣Ҫ֮ˡ
䡪
һ̣ϣ˫ն˵ɭȭɽҵײһ𣬿µھشӿײһͬըըһ졣
˽ΪԲģΧĿ׷ըѣϯķһ籩
籩ģϣɭѸٷֿԼͬسȥ
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ϣһÿһƴֱڵĽӡѪһ󷭹
ɭһ
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ϣ˹Ž͢΢ռϷ硣
һ棬ʵ΢ϣǿһ㡣
һ棬¹˹ġڤȭȫѷɫκιŴѧǡס̺⾳˲䱬˵
˺һ֮󣬵ɭûͣ٣˲תȭ˳ƺɱ³ϡ

һΣɭõǡڤȭĴɱ֮һġ
ʽ⾳绮ʣɽٶȷӵ¡
ò˵ɭŷḻɱ飬֪˿̣Ƕ׵Ļִ̫٣޷ӳӦеʶٶȼ
һɫ׷ε³ϣ˲ұ˳һ˴ǹȻɭ
ʥ֮ǹ
һ̣ҲûκαֱӶӢŴѧΪءǿ
ӢŴǿʿڸ书˹еš
Ȼ
ͬĶϰšαһ㣬һʥ֮ǹʽֵ̬ţȴܵꡢٶȼ죬˷ʤ
䡪
ٴδɭ³˵ȭͷҵײһƾˣŰ
ͬʱһ
У³ϳѪЩ鸡֮⣬޴󰭣˫ͬһ㶤ڵϣ˿
ɭǽ岽ȭۣ۽ӲѪھҲһ˿ң
һɭ·磡
Ϊ³ϵʵҪϣ֮ϣȫڵɭ
ΪɭղϣƴһУ˿ִ̲ӭ³ϣ¶õٶȼҲδܷӳӦеĹսܵһӰ졣
ɭϹ·
͵ɭסΣѸȶھͬʱطϵɭ

ɭֻԼǻƽȮһ㣬౩ŭһȣĳĲӬһ㣬ط硣
һɭ⡣
ΪûнطҲΪڽʹ׺֮ھתܵӰ죬޷ɱˣһѧʽ޷ʹãֻĳһơ
Ȼ
طֱӶ˹ǿɱС졯Ҵ߶غˡȭתط˾洫ȭף߶ڲĻҩҩ
ǹʽ
죡
Եɭǿһ


1223 ս۷ǿߣ
һȭطڽը죬࣬Ѫڣ·Ҫȼһ㣬ɢաȵϢɱ⡢ս⣬µȭ⣬ؽɭ
ţ
ɲǼ䣬ɭɫˡ
оطһȭͬѰ޷кͶֻһھ
䡪
ʯ䣬ȭײ
طȭ֮ϾۼھУ׷ը۳һɿµھɭơ
ž
طȭֱӱܿƵغһȭۡұ۷飬ѪЩ
žžž
ɭһסΣƷѿѪұЩӲ
۷ǿߵʵô
һĻطͷһЩ𾪡
ղһǿһˣҲֻڵɭֵǰ£޷Եɭ˺ֻǽɭˡ
⡭ôܣ
طԣɭей֮޲ֱ˾ξˣطĿͷ·ڿһ
ԭûжκѧʽʵĳһƣҲطܹܵģ
ط粻סˣҽˣѿ
Ҫ֪ڸղţȺӭϣ³ϣûˣȴطˣ
طУСĳһĴڣ
һͷһŪˣô

ǵɭϣ³˴˿̶Щ
ȻǶ֪طɱʵĺԡҰԪڡ̩߼ѧ۷ʦЩѹ޷͵ɭᲢۣ
ɭǺڰĵĳ֮һʵŽڰǰ壬¹˹һѵָ˭ɱ˭δʧֹʵ֮ǿȫѧ磡
ͬɭһΪطѵֵɭһΪطԵɭ֣̫Դ³çҪˡ
һľϲҲ𾪲ѣ
ɭԽԽˣȻһ˻ˣȥƱػὫ㶤ڳϣ
𾪹³ϵ¹Ц
ɭüͷһﲻĬ³ϵĻ
ȻղŽӭϣ³ˣھתܵӰ죬ûжѧʽˣطʵֻҪȥƱػ䶯
ʱ˲ֻ̣۽
һ򲽽ʵĹ̴Ҳĳ裡
Ͼطѧֻǻڰ
һ۷ĻʦһڵСһˣⲻǳʲô
Ȼ
ǷطԼĳԣɭĵ
ɭûߣ
·𿴳˵ɭ˼ϣЦһٴȳֱ֣ɭ
ɭκߵĻᣬɭ߶ҩսĻᡣ
ˣ㿴žУҺϣɱԡ
һΣ³ûϣԵɭطһ䣬ȻѸɭҪϣֽɭɱ
طûлӦĬĬ߶ڻҩʵ
Ȼ֪³ϣ֣ƱؿԻɱɭԳֽɭɱ
Ͼһɱ֣
Ҳͨɱɭڰһش¹˹ͺڰҪһϢ
䣡
䣡
䣡
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ɽͷ֮ϣɭһжƴɱһɱ
³Ϻϣ֮ûٶǿɱС
ˣ̶̼֮󣬵ɭ·硣
Ͼ³ϵʵ޼ϣҲֻԱһ㡣
飡
ۡ
еʱ򣬵ɭ³һȭмͷͷѿѪɽ˺ɶڿУֱſһѪ
һ³ϲ˵ɭļͷ˵ɭľ࣬õɭˡ
Сӣ
ʱϣɭȫɭĻᣬɭط֮æ٣ͬʱѡ
ɣСӣ
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еĵɭһħһ㣬ɱڵضط硣
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һΣõǡȭĴɱ֮һޱ
ʽɽ⾳̩ɽѹɽѹˡȡʤ
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ˣ
һĻϣ³ͬʱһ
ǿ֮ǰطɭͬһΣɭʽǡȭĴɱ֮һޱطȻ޷ֵ
ô
еĵɭ¶˱̵Цݣ·Ѿط类ԼһȭԴĻ档
ҲҪطᣡ
÷Ķ
Ҫˣȫ֮Ժˡ
ô
ɭǿµط磬ɱط磬طһֶ޿ɶĸоֻ÷·һɽ£Լô޼¡
ȫѹƣȡ
ɱ
Ȼ
ʯ䣬طסһȡ
ȳȭӡ
ӭźȻµĵɭһȭ
ǡǹʽ죡
һΣ߶ڲĻҩսղţ˲٣һǿ
ˣ
طûжӭɭϣ³ٴӿֳ֣ĿѪȵһĻ
䡪
ǵͷ֣촫
طɭȭȻײһһɽƽԭ֮ϣƾˡ
ھŷ˵ȭ˲ֿ
ط˫ֱû˵棬ֻѿѪȾ˾洫ȭףұ۷۶ϣѪھң˺Ѿ
ۡ
ͬʱɭֱӱɣٴſһѪ
δܳɹɱط磬޷ش
⡭ôܣ
һĻϣ³ͳͳɵۡ


1224 ̫ǿ̫
͵ϣ³Ϊطᱻɭһȭ򱬵ʱطǵû˵ɭõɭſѪش
ֽȻķϣ³˵𺳣ֱ޷ݡ
Ȼɭ³ϻˣƲսӰޡһ㣬ӵɭڿУɱйطɿ
ɭֻܷӳ߰˳ɵʵҲطֵܹġ
ʵ޷Ϊʲôһ
Ϊʲô
顪
Ӧǵһ졣
ɵĵɭ˷ζͬʱ⵽ھɣԭľƼӾ磬޷ٵ˿ھζ޷ƣͬľżһص˵ϣҳһӡ
ҹĻ£ʹĴϺܿƵزɫһƬҰףҲҲ֮ǰеֻǾ
ô
ǵģ
ϣ³˶û뵽οΪ˵
㡭սô˲ôǿ
ɭؿط磬ʶʳ仰
ûлشط羶ֱ˵ɭ
һĻϣ³϶վԭأûǰ
ȻǶó˿̵ĵɭأѾսˡ
һͬʱϣȻϢͳطֻƵ
طƻеһ
Ȼ֪طҪƵʲôʱˣһʱ䰴ռƻ¡
㡭ôܵסҵɱУ㵽ôģ
ɭδϣľٶעȫطȫɻ⣬Ǹо޲طУȥ͵еܡ
̫ǿ̫
ط⿴ϣľٶӦϳŲмǸо·ɭս
ۡ
Ȼط粻һĻɭֻԼΪȫ۷ǿߵĽطһŶ飬һɴδͷӾһֱǣˣٴſһѪ
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ССӣ
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һΣĻ˵꣬㱻طϡ
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֮ͬǰһɭδ˵Ļٴαϡ
ط編ƣһŶ˵ɭȣٸɭڵĻᣬֶ˵ɭ֣õɭΪˡ

һĻϣ³˶һۣоףƵǴĻȫ޷𶯡
ǿǵɭ
ڰĵĳϣȫͬɱһĴڣ
˿̣ȴͬһһϢĶȮһطݲУ
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طȺɭ֮֫ٴοڣޱȣһ˵һ죬һ̤ƽڰᣡ
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ۡ
£ط粻ٸɭڵĻᣬһŶ˵ɭԴ
ɭŷŭ޺ͱ뿪˼䡣
ϣ״ֹͣ㣬Ȼ³϶һۣһΣֱطߡ
СӣҪƵ
ϣֻݸط磬طĿ൱죬֪ΪطԤϵشɭΪղƵ
СһҺܺ棬ôģսشɭͬʱ³ֱʳеɻ
ǰСӣһʵ̫ˣô£ϣҲһڴؿط磬Ǹо·طϳ˻һ
лҩղŴ߶˻ҩҩ
ط͵֮⣬һ˹̩ȭĽղط
ҩҩȻԶʱսսޣֲɭ֮ʵģղ֮Ȼǿ󣬵Ҫڷϣսޡϣ֪ҩͽղ˵ţЩɡ
ǰСһ㲻ʲôǰɣ³Ҳһɡ
֮⣬һ˻ľ洫ġȭתطԼ˾洫ȭסط䡣
ȭתطȭףһιʱˡϣӻɣΪطû˵ʵ
ֻЩˡ
طʼ磬δеĹؼغ
ؼ̫үڸغȻûֱӵѧʽѧʽǿ
ڴ߶غ֮Ƕáȭתطǹ̩ȭĽղطǿ
Ϊؼǣղţ֮ʣͬʱطغ£طڣԶԶֹ1+12ô򵥣ԶԶ2
Ҳˣױȵսڽղطļӳ£ǰδеǿ󣬵ֵס˷ֻ֮˻ڡ
򣬼ױȵĹԽɭɡشȭֹұ۶ᱻöѣ
СӣȻ㲻ʵǲˡ
ϣóطû¶ȫܣҲϾÿ˶ܣЩҪصģûдɰʵףǸ̾
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СһףΪʲôݿǰˣҼ¸ҡѧ츳ˡ³ҲˣȻûнϣĻҲϣ˵
ллλʦûǣҲɱɭط繰ֵлֵúǫѷ
Ϊϣ˵ȻղΣʱ̣ƾغתطͽղط֮󱬷ױȵʵȻ޷ɭϣ³۷ǿ
ң޷ȷղطɺϣȫ
ȻΪҪǣͬԼ˵ûϣ³˳Բǰɱɭ
СһȻЭɱ˵ɭ̶ܹܴϻǿԼ
³ЦŰ˰֣һսϣɻȱطøΪؼ
ΪǵɭһγطĻɭȻͻΧɹ׷ɭһ׵顣
طһγ֣õɭѿѪ鸡׶Ͼ˵ɭߵĻᡣ
ǵģСӣԣ㲻ô
ϣͷȻЦең˿ɲ֪Һ³ϳ֡
ɭʦ˵ûҽڰ뵺ƵȲ裬ʲôҲûʲôҲ֪
³ҲЦգգۣǵƵ
ҹȫڣ
³ϵĻϣ뵽ղƵ㵽Ļ棬̲ס̾
³ϵͷһڴ
طĬս˫ȭ
ΪˡһߣԶԡ
ҹϳĵẰµԣ


1225 ȥ
ҹɫŨ𣬾һˣںߵĽʯϣ
¸ı̩Ȼվڶ¥̨ϣңԶȴطѶ
˿̣֮⣬һ¥ЩˮľҲ̩ȵԣ̩һͬȴյĽ
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ϴˣҪҪȥۿˣڿʵ
ǰϴȥɣǸɡһͷ˵
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ͬһҲᶨΪط粻ӵóɭģ
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ô
飡
·Ϊӡ֤˵Ĳ²һ㣬ط˵ͬһɱһƽˮﾫԴĳϡá
顭


طͬȺһ㣬֣첻ϴѪɽҽ
ʮ룡
ʮӹ󣬳̩֮⣬˶طɱ
׼ȷ˵Ƕطһˡ
̩ȵڣڵߣû˿Գܵطһƣ
ͨ
һĻ㽫̩ŵûɢǱһ㣬̱˵ϣطĿڿһħ
ΪΪʲô
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ѡѵɱ
̩Ƿһ㣬ҡͷܣĶ֣ô£
ȥ
طɫƽ˵ţһŶ̩ȵ࣡


1226 ǻط磬
ҹƶԶ˰յһƬ
ƶǶ¥ºڵȴط
Ƕ֪طȥɱɭˡ
ǰ첻ͬûһ㲻ͽǡ
ԴطȺɱ̩ߡҰ֮㿪ʼһطäĿΡֻҪط˵飬طܹ

شʦ
ȻºطŶ룬Լͬʺãͬʱ̲סаԼɭطɱ
£½̳ȥӡ
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š
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ȳֵһƵ
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㡭ôܵסҵɱУ㵽ôģ
̫ǿ̫
ССӣ
ɭϹ㣬û⣬ѾͷˣСӣ˭ź

ܿ죬Ƶ沥ţºؿΪڰ᳤ϡȫ۷ǿߵĵɭͬһһ㣬ڵϣȾѪ
طһɭһɭԻݾºĿɿڴȫһͷռݣطԻɱ˵ɭ
󣬲ȻƵţǺȻطޱ飬Ⱥ˵ɭ֫Ȼ˵ɭ
ºɵˡ
ȻѾ֪طɱɭ飬̣ȻǼ𺳣
Ƿ𺳣Ƶֹ֮ͣİһֵĵܣ

ӺȻعȻȻƬ
Ƭ̩Ⱥڡµʬ壬ڱԺȾѪ׳ۡ
С㣬üӿԣӵһܾʣ
ٴοڣûڶ£Ǹо·׳٣ط硣
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Ҳˣ
Ϊǿӵдһ仰
ǻط磬죬ӽɱߣɱ֮ߣһ壡


1227 ϵ۰ը
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1228 һ˵
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1229 Ͷ״һ
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ָܹסլˣǸ󣬶Ҫԣӵһݡ
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ص֮⣬ƻúܿ϶˵طѧ츳ǿ֮ˣδпܳΪȫһˡطһУѾ֤һ㣡ܽطɼ뻪֯׳֯Ϊһȫϡ
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ܿϣ˫΢գܸе˵


1230 ﶬ
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1231 Ǹˣ
ݳȵһִλĶ㣬װκзһ˶̨ͺܴشһòͣһϺӵľɫ
һźرװޣžʽĳԲõͬʳһҲͻأӪ˺ܺõķΧټ΢ɫͭŷ޹űͲ͵ĴԽУã
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ϣһæֹǽ͢ʥŮһһԼŽ֪͢ΪʥŮ㣬ſӭӻطò֪ͣɶôӰô
Ǹϣˣ̫ˡЩ˼
ţȥӭ
ϣЦҡҡͷȻ뿪̨ſȥӭط硣
Ȼǽ͢ǿߣݡλѷɫڰͽڣ֪ٵĿע⡣
ȻΪҪǣϿطʵطϿǱͿܣһҲԼȥӭط
Ӻϣڲſڵȵط磬ӭϣСӣӭĵ
ǸǾõˡ
ط翪ڻӦȻԼʱ֮ǰϵϣѾǰȺˣǺòرʾǸ⡣
СӣôǾסҾƵ꣬ھõ֮˵
ϣЦŰ˰֣㣬ǽȥɣ
õġ
طͷȻϣ˲
ͬϣԤϵһط粢δЩòͿ˵ע⡣
ţطѾȫ췭ظͨ˶ԣֻһס
װķ磬ܸٴ档
̨Ĳǰطϣ룬æӭϣ΢Ц۵֣ط֡
ʵϣǣﰮ顢顢𾴻򰮻񣬱ʾףغ͸лǸͿݡͰݡ
񣬰⣬ѡ֣طܾʽǣҲǶطء
ʥŮܹ롣طϰ֣Ⱥᣬͬʱܿ
£ɿ˰֡
һУðϵļ˷˲ȥ˲١
Ϊ֮ԽܾԽطûκ׽˼ûнѣֻǽɽ͢ʥŮ
СӣɡԱܿͻϲˣǱġϣ˰ʧΣæԲ
ط΢ЦӦȻ˰Ķ档
ط£һУأɱڰɭϣ˸ң浲ס˵ɭɱУȻش
ݵκʧ֮󣬰ܿսٴڣƺȻܣ˿ûаڽ͢ʥŮļӣûԼΪʥŮĽϡ
ˣͲˡ
ʥŮˣֻǽҶѡطǫѷػӦ
Ƕϲô͵ǫѷô
ЦȻ󿴵߿ʼϲˣûм˵ȥ
ܿ죬ԱһݷݲȺȫˣİѾƣһٷǳʢ͡
Сӣףȫ۷ǿСϣ΢ЦŶƱΪطףء
ϣʦЦˡ
طЦһ˿֪ܲɱɭĻϣһ
СӣΣһսǳǿе˻⣬ıĲԡ
ϣһھƣʼĿڰ᲻Сڰк֣ܶɭֻ֮һĳΪ۷ǿߣӵлɱɭʵҲᱨġ
š
طͷԴŲɣȻ塣
װķ磬˿пڰʵģҲгһһ˺ڰᣬΪʦѩޡ
ʱˣϣĻ˵һϵ͢͢һҪİʵڰʱ䣬Ϊȫһˣ
ǵģСӣ˵úе˶ӢۣϲӢ壬Ӧĸ򣬸˵ܹһǳѵ飬ѧˡһǿΪܣԱܶ鷳Σգĳɹøס
ϣڸͣΪһЩԭ򣬱Ƶ뿪˻ġ֯ҲãҲգѾ޷ΪṩӻͰˡҺͰ㱣֤͢ҲΪ͢ȥһЩΣյ顣͢ȥΥԭ㲻ϲ顣
ʥŮϣʦллǺͽ͢ĺ⣬Ҳܼ͢طǱʾлȻű̬ȡ
Ϊʲô
ϣԼͬʡ
Ѿǵˣÿһط綼ܼľܾǶطܾɳ˺档
ΪһľˣԶᱳҵ
طһ࣬ն
һ̡
·ڻӦϣ¹;µԣ


1232 е
һСʱнˣطϣ֮뿪˰
ҲҪʧ䣬ʵǵһʱѾעˡ
̨ϣϣطȥķ򣬾þòԸջĿ⣬̲ס̾˿
ط绰ֶԸɭʱ򣬱ط͢Ϊطܾ˽˶Թѡط֣ɹɭɱ
š
ϣĻջĿ⣬ĵ̾˿ϣˣ˵ûӿʼڣû͢һЩʧѹΨһҵǣԸ͢ΪӢ룬Ϊ
˵ΪƳĵˣһӽˮˣ
ϣ̲ס̾ǽ͢Ӣ棬ȫܶǿҡͲð̧ط룬뻪ĵν֮
ǵģϣˣҺĿһ
ͷȻðһͷ˵ϣˣҾʾ̻ʱ£ط罫Ϊǽ֮͢һô
Ǹע⣬Ȼ޷꣬͢Խ͢δкô
ϣǰһ뵽δܷľޱ䣬ǳͬ顣
ͬʱҲףôҲΪطһһ˿ϣ
ݿӦúܿͻᵽҵ˰ɣ
ٴνĿͶط뿪ķжطȥݿ
ò˵Ů˵ֱʱ׼ÿ¡
ط뿪֮󣬱ֱǰݿ齵İ뵺Ƶꡣ
ͬһݿҲסͳ׷ǵ¥㣬Ӣʼһվڡ䣬һ³ȫ۷ǿ򣬰𼫸ߡ
ط粢û֪ͨݿԼҪϢݵִƵͳ׷¥ʱݿ³רڵſڵȺ
ݿ³ϴʦ
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ÿһλƵĿ˶ӢһܼУ뵺Ƶ꣬Ӣһûз֣ǾͿ̴ְˡ
װģˡ
ݿŵľϣų˵Цݡ
ղţӵһĻ㱨֮󣬵һʱ䲹ױͿĨں죬һһɫɴȹļ¡
ط磬ݿ֮󣬻ִٵʰһء³ϲϸڣЦŴȤ
ৣ
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Ƿɬݼţָֻܿ󷽵װģҴӢĺƣ㳢
á
ط΢Цͷ
ҽҪѧͲˡ³ϺʶȤûдȥݡ
³ϵĻݿϵЦӲˣ˫ؿط磬˸Ű顣
˿ûԼطİ⣬ǵ³Ϻһ棡
طص䣬ȻϷţصطһ¡
һУѵ˾ƵһЬŽѾֱƹ
֮䣬ǰ⻬СȲ̧㾧Ө͸ֺͿĨʺɫڵƹ¸ۣɢεջ
ܿ죬һƿĳ˽˾ׯרӢҵĺƺ߽űߵ˿ɳԣطĶ棬ش򿪺ƣԵС뱭
װģףɹɱ̩ߡҰ͵ɭˡݿһƵݸط磬ȻΪطףء
ݿлл㡣
ط΢Цлһ˫أǸлݿףأǸлݿ³ȥԼһͬɱɭ
û³ϵЭϣҪɱɭףһߡ
װģҼǵ˵֮䲻л
ݿһھƣˮȾʪĺ촽ȥӵˣǶĺһĹĵؿط磬Ҳֹһ˵ѣΪʲôҪ˵лأѵûаҵѣ
ݿҲǸ˼
û뵽ݿķӦôطæڽ͡
Ȼ
ط罫Ļ˵ڣݿ㴵ӵ۵شϣʲô˼

طһʱԶԣȥЩΡ
ۡ
ݿ״˲ԭı鵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮һ˵Цݣװģżɰ

طٴԣݿԼء
ͬʱطҲԼͿ
ΪļУݿһšĬǻ۵Ů
һŮȻܹ׼ԼҪԵɭ֣ôΪһСأ
طˣҲˡ
ڸղǸ˲䣬ݿȷʵЩˣŮеСðݣͬط˽һݿһӵдǻ۵ŮˣȿԿԼҲ԰պǸȡ
ǸȡϾ޷յģ
װģоζû´Ļ϶ȥ͢İˡ
ݿٴοˣطĶ棬ŵȣѩ׵ȫطΪȹڽϵ͵Եʣطܹɫ˿ߡ
š
طͷûһ㣬ҽĿͣݿϣȥЩ궯Ļ档
϶͢ˣ϶ܾݿٴһֿ϶˵
ݿѵһ˫͸ۣԿеܣطЦſ˸Ц

ݿһЦŮӣطǰЦܵ͡
طܼ򵥵һЦ㶺Цû֦չǰͦεʥŮһζǸ˵Ļ棬طڵ궯ҡ
װģȻӢҲ֪϶ͬģԣҲῪڡ
ݿ˵ţ¾ƱٴΪط絹˰뱭ƣȻ¾ƿطԱߣһӵĽǶȡĽĿ⣬ط磬סӢӢҵĴţԶΪ㳨ʱԽ롣֮ǰ㽫ΪӢӢ֮һһҵĸΪ䷢ʮѫ¡
ݿ
װģ֮⣬֪ģϲ㡣Ҳ֪δޣ㣬ҲܰҲϲңһȢΪޡ
ݿ۰׵ƣط촽ǰطĻ˻ȥȻؿط磬˵ҵҲԶΪ㳨ֻҪԸ⣬ʱ⿪ҵ߽ҵ顣
ݿֵ𣿡
ط̾˿ܹܵǰŮİ⣬Ƿݰ·ϸһ㣬Ҫڻ
ֵá
ݿ΢΢һЦЦú𣬺Ϊϲ˺٣ֻһ϶һ޶ˣҲеӣ
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£ݿطֱ֣һǡ
Ůĸס


1233 
·һ̶ʱ·һֹͣ
ƹ£ݿͷһͷӲӵĳڼͷͬһ㾫µд飬˫տ۾·˵һ㡣
ݿĻ۾ǰһĻطĳұزһ¡
ϲԡ
ط粢ʥˣȻҲ⡣
ݿһŮ˽Ͷףط޷޶ԣͨ˲ͬǡǿ־
Ƿ־ؿԼӶʱ̱侲
ҲһһܹΣоطԭ֮һ
ݿܹõϲͰҵңĳ˵Բƽ
طסݿ֣Ȼ󻺻ݿ뿴ݿżȱݵľգݿԴҲδһ죬ý˵һкľܻ
ᡣ
ݿһʱҡͷ̬ȸΪĵѾõĻһʱ嶯⣬Ҳ֪ԼǶô㣬ôŮԡϸһ룬ǲΧ˺ܶŮǶ㣿

طԣȻ
ݿ˵ѩ֮⣬߻кܶŮˣ¡¾Ȼ骵ȵȣݿΪԶصظϵȡ
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ݿգգ۹˵Ĵ۾طϣеһҲڵ궯ңħһҪǾս
ΪԿ϶ԼֻҪͷͬȥϴĻݿŷеŮ񣬷Ĺϵ
ˣݿһҪˡ
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װģѵ㲻Ҷһ𣿡ݿԹͰ͵ؿط硣
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װģȷǽ𣿡ݿһζطĻɡ
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ط˵Եɣû˵Ҫȥ˭
ŶˡĺĽء
ò˵ݿһǳŮˣ˲µѩˣԹ̾˿ӺȶװģȻµĻҾͲˣܸһƿƺҲ˷
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طܸɴصͷԭƻҪݿСʱȻȥѩ㡣
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˵һŮ֮ȫر㣬һǱ˰顣
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һ̣ѩкֻطһˣ̵ֻʱܵطߡ
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һǹѩȶ࣬ûΧЩĿ⣬ЦŶط
á
طЦõصͷȻ䣬ѩĸ첲뿪˻
ڴڼ䣬پ춼ڶǣطûᣬЩҲûҿֻǽϢʵϱ
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ȺȰѾڻѵ޷Ǵ̫ˣһ
֮ѩ˲ͷϵĺɽȳ裬һɡ

طԭҪѩ䣬Ȼ仰һ
֮ǰݿ⵽ջ󡢽˿飬ίµֵܡ
ѩԡ
á
طź䣬˵ͷ
ɽҪᣬҾҴ걳ѡѩЦգգ۾

طһͷߣȻ¥ϵϴԡ䣬ԡˮ
ʮӺѩطԡңط棬˸⣬Ȼԡף̹ر˫ۣһּط޷ܾͱȻɽ
á
طܿѵ·ԡס
ͬʱѩ۾ͬһŮһطϣٴط硣
ڻͬһǣ˰й֮⣬żֱطһ˸еӦ
ɽҪҰɡ
һǹѩҵ˵ţȻֱطϡ


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ط΢ЦѩԴ
ѳ׻ָǣѩ㷴ԭ
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á
ѩһӵдǻ۵ŮˣǷǻݿ֮ϣ֪ط翴⣬طû˵ҲûеƣǹⴧװͿ٩ɽ֪͢İӢҵݿȣΪġǲǸǷ˲ˣ
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طͷҡͬ˹һ㣬ϡ
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Ȼ֪طľ֮٣Ҳֻ֪ھĹ̺֪顣
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طѩڴǰ§ѩļͷѩԴԼļϣŴҹؽԼ뿪ȺһС
ڽĹУƽˮ·ڽһԼ޹ص飬ѩȴþĶǣ·ܹʱĻƵġ
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֮󣬾þòƽϢ
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֮ǰصȥ尢̣ǳ˵֮⣬״̬ңҲת㣬Ҫǣκ֮ǰҪסһ㡪ҪĬƬ̣ѩٴοڵ

طԣ̾˿˵Ҫ飬ԭұϳĵ飬ǲģ죬ǽ뻪մ飬ؽֻ£ӣȥֳֻոˣ״̬ôܺõ
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죬ؽ̨
طѩ֣δѩҪĻϸһʲôľϲ΢΢۾ˡ
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ѩԣһЩڴ
ΪǸ
ľϲԲֹһ


1235 һϲˣ
ྩλĳ֣һʷƾõĴͺ꣬ҵ֣˶ĻӴҺ͵ԡ
ĳ˵ྩྩ֪ķ֮һ
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ֻһ绰ԭǰͶ˽ٰˣȡԤ˾Ƶꡣ
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ǺͻһҲ⣬෴Ǻܼ˷ܡ
ΪؽҪΪֻ
һĪҫģͷһԣҼпֻһΡ
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Ҳֵǵһ죡
ҺãǺͻմϲӣǴ˶
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°ͣŪֻа˵Ҿϲôû

·Ϊ˻ӦҶٻƵģһ̶ֻͻȻֱӽ̨ؽĻϡ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬˶ԼͬؽĿͶԴȻĿ˻һλϡ
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ܵһĿ⣬ǿ̨ؽüͷƵһʱѹ˵绰Ѹٽֻ񶯣¶һǸı飬ȴ޲ýԼ绰ʬΡ
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1236 ѹկ˵ĺ
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ৡ
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ǻˣؽڣؼϢҲǾòᡣ
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ݵľȹҶٻһʱ΢ţҶһϢ
ҶܿظⲻҸ˵ľϲĳ˵Ҳ㾪ϲţδѩϹʿͷ֯͸Ǻͻջĺ

ϢҶٻСֱųOΣд𾪡
Сٻǲǲ鵽ʲôˣرԼõı仯ʵ
磬ݿɿϢŹɼ۱ѹǷδѩϹʿͷ֯ɵġ
ڼеҶٻرѯʣҲû룬ʶӦֱ˵һʱ򣬲ʶԾæ͡
Ȼ
ˡ
Ϊһ仰ټһİ


1237 
һ̣ؽΪ׵ؼˣǻˣǳĬˡ
ؼ˶ԡ
Դطؽѡϳؼ֮طΪؼҵĽɣؽǰ˸
˿̣Ҷٻط磬˵ҵطδѩĻġ
ζʲô
ѩΪ˸طƽһУ
⡭ؼ˵𺳿֪
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ৣ
̨ϣǺͻ˵ıͬʱ䣬ϵĽϲõȻ޴棬ȡ֮𾪡ͷŭǸоѩոһİơ
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ط߳ؼңұƵط뿪ģط衢֮ʣΪǺͻֻ񣬽ѩΪ˸طвƽֱһݴ
ݴ񣬶Ǻͻ˶ԣһİƣؽ˵ֺγǣ
Сٻƾ޾ݣҪ˵
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򸾹ȥˣؽҲӦˣҼԨ㹵ͨһ¡
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ǲΪѩϹ֯ѹŵĹɼֲۣ֮
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һ̣ǶؽĿͶſڣȴŻºͻ˻ҿյס
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һڻǿ㾪ϲľϲĺľϲֽΣ
ͬʱҶٻؽ̲סаԼ


1238 ľϲ
ټٴȸϲҲκѹȡ
һǳһɥҪжơ
ȻһɲѩĻģҲף²˵ѣǵؽ档
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ϿûҲƸʧأ澡ʧʵҲѩΪطؽؼʾ
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ϸΪƽϢطŭ𣬽ͻͷϣҪ̳Ϻݺݴң
ྩҵĴС㡢طδޣؼҵĴϲӣڹƱг˻һûؼ޴桭
ͷ·ովϣȻ㱻ѩһ鷭ڵأĳŴδйͷŭ
Ǳܹγˮ
һʼ֪ǵǸĶŮġ񡯣ŭ
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൱ڣһ֮󣬵˵Լûа򣬽֤ʵı˶⡣
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ŭ֮࣬ҲʶؽĿͶؽ
ȻѩΪΪؽؼң
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ͬʱ𰲱ľʱʹƵĹԱɿؽİӰ̨
֮⣬̨󷽴ĻҲ뻪յĻɴղֺ֣͵ƹ⣬лֳĸо
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ŵı⣬Ƿ֣ڳ˶ϳ
ৣ
˱Ļ򸾺ͻյĸĸؽڣ˾ͫ׶ȻŴɫһ䣡
ԭǶܺ棬ôв˿̣ţȻףкڿԶ̹˵Եķ˵ԣȻصشһӡ
뵽֮ǰѩϹʿͷ֯ѹŹɼ۵飬ýֺͷ뵽Ϊ˰طͷٴθǺͻյĻ˺
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ͻĺ˵ؽڣ𺳵Īڡ񡯵ݡ
طȺΪ˽͢Ӣѡ
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Ͼһȫ֯һŷ޵ǿͷ
ӴὫһ˵ѣ
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⡭ôܣ
ô
ǰñĸץͷͨط磬ҡһΪٸԽ͢Ӣѣǲ췽ҹ̷棬һۿոշš
Ӧ˵˵
ϸ۵һҵ̨õ֣һ
ô
ڵͬʱٿصԵİԱξѣæ̨ҪصƵ
ô
Ҫء
ؽһֹԱ
Ҫ


1239 ô
ؽ󣬵ڰԵøӹɣ˲ͣ˽Ų
һʱ䣬ԭĻǺͻյĸĸҲ׷׵ͷ˵Ŀⶼ۽ž޴ĻϾڻֳŵš
ĻϣŻле˽̻˹ܲɷõĻϡ
Ľ̻ʱ£˵͢ʥŮڼһֱȡ̩һ̵ĹȣʥŮΪʲôҪȥأУɷý̻˹ļʵ
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͢ѣ˭ɷõļԺ𾪡
ط硣
̻˹³ĸ֣ȻڴȻΪܾ˼͢룬͢ĴԶΪֻҪԸ⣬ʱԳΪ͢һԱ
һˣȻΪ˽͢ѣϵ۰ֱţ
һŵؾǸо·ǽ̻˹˵һ㣬ԸСΪ飬ҲԲһ㣡
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װŮʿҪһ¡
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ڶȻҲ֪ΪʲôΪͷ֪ͨǻľıȥʶӶùȫֱھһǻȫѧܳţȥȫѧĹھΪǻĵӢۣ
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Щߡ
仰еĽ𷢼߷·𺳵ˣһʱûмʡ
ⷬתطǾ仰ʱԼͬؽĿͶؽ
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ᡣ
ܸɴصͷ϶𸴣Ȼ󲹳ȻĶͶʻͷչǰܺãĵֶԻطΪǵĻӰ쵽ͶʼƻǻῼǳһЩͶʡ
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ӢĴԶΪѡӢ֮ǰӢҺӢѣ
һΣȽ𷢼߼ʣٴ˵´μʱҽΪ䷢ʮѫ£
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ˣŮʿҵҡ
һؾΪڸ޷ǿ󣬵δ֤һ㣡
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ৣ
֮࣬ҶٻһĿͶԼ⹫ؽ
֪Լ⹫һСһкʲôӦ
ৡ
󣬸ĿͶؽ
ǺҶٻ˼һ
֪һ㡣
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һ̡
ؿǸǿƵؼҼɫվȻһԵ뿪λֱȥһӰ
δǰ볡Ų࣬Ҳûô


1240 һ죬̫Զ
Ϊ˵ؽǺͻյĻǰ˳
£ڻȦ˲Сĺ䶯ҲǺͻ˵ĽҫЦϡ
һеĻԭ򡪡̻˹ӢΪطվ̨ţ𶯸󣬶ҲڻģȫΧ
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Ͼǽ̻˹ǲȫ֪ĴȫΧĪӰ
кܴӰĴͬһ죬һΪһվ̨
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һý̻˹ӢƳ硢ޣΪڻĵӢۣΪλΪĵͷͨ
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ڽ̻˹ͲͦطųΪȫ򽹵ͬʱطԴ˺עѵõغѩܶ˵硣
ѩȥȵļ֪㣬ɱ̩ߵڵشʹкųȫСгէէгҲ֪DamnoenSaduakˮг
ѩĴʹȤԺгȤһѶûһ۸񳬹һǧңֵøõǹĺһ
һ棬ңΪȫ̽¹ͨŮݳƷֻҪԸ⣬ȫݳƷƷƶΪṩר˶ưΡƤЬӺͷΡ
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ʱ֣طѩ㽫жͨʼĹڡĸݹ˾Ⱦдʼĵص㡣
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ۿط粻˵ѩֲ˵ԼĹ۵㣬Ͼϳĵʼӿң֮ǰΪѾƻ֯ˣС
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طĻѩӿֳڴͼ飬Ȼһֵ٩ķʽ˵ţͬطһᶨع֮ǰһ̳ϻܻңû֪˵³


1241 ƻͷһ
ڶһ磬ѩ뿪ȡ
طԽѩϷɻĿŷɻ֮󣬲ŷȥ
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Ҹ·ɻƻӦͬطԼ
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á
ƻ˵ŹҶϵ绰ȻȺеֳ̩Աȥ
ֺ̩Ȼǰ֪ȵϢصڻȺ׼ȥһк˵⡣
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Σôˣ
طӭƻģʳеɻ
Сӣѵ㲻ҺȲ߾ƣȻȵĿĻһЩôƻЦŴȤ

طһͷߣȻѸһ⳵ǰԼס
һСʱ󣬵⳵ʻطסıʱЩ죬Ǹо·סôıȴûг
ط˳⳵˾ĹĿ⣬Ҳµ˶Է˼аоͷҪ¸Լһר˾
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ֻ̩Ҷ֣صعЭطһ˵ԼĲ²⡣
ǻĻ֯ĸˣֵ̩̩ĸˣֶ̩㶯֣ΪʲôҪأ
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Ҫ֪ɭǺڰʵǰĴڰ
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ģôôǿ
˶Ĭ÷ĻȻһؿڣ÷壬ҲԼȻͻȻ뵽ʲôǡصĹһصĹԱԶʵս
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δĳһ죬֪Լˡ
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1242 ̸
ƻÿ죬ߵҲ죬뿪ȡ
طȫѧˣ
ƻ뿪ͬʱȫѧ˹ϷһϢ
Ϊ̻˹ͲΪطվ̨ȶȻûмˣȫѧһٴ硣
ͨ˷׷ȫѧһ֯صΪ˶ȥ
ȫѧǣ׷ʶ塪ȫѧ˳ΪطµĿɽƻһַʽط磡
ƻ֮طֱǰɽׯΪԭƻҪȥΪӵµĵ绰Ⱦĸ˲źֵ̩ĶְҪ
Ϧɽͷʱطų˳ִɽׯ
ϦµɽׯһƬľׯ԰ԼԿվѲӵİԱ
ǶѡľӢ𱣻µİȫµڸǰһ
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1243 һ
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߼ţ
طԣһȻԻ߼Ų˽⣬ڼοöл߼ŵӡ
ǵģ߼̩ҵţҲ̩һ߼Ĳҵ߼ȫӵ50ҹ˾һ߼Ź漰Уڣ̩Ҫеĸߵ̳Ƶ꼸ǻ߼ŵġ
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źʵ㱨Ȼܻ޴ŮˣȻҷļᣡԴһ˵XXײɵˣ
ǡһŮˣȻôף˭ĵѵǸĻطô
ЦһȻ󲻿һȻˣǾͲüˣ֪ͨȥǸʲôƨ׻ƵϽ̩ھӪ⣬ǻ߼ΪУ鵽һһ
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1244 õ
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ٴοڣ䣬ŭΡ


1245 ߸
ϸ顢о˻߼ź߼ϡ
Ϊ̸ܹ˳о˲¡ߣںߵϲһЩϰ߶ָơ
һ£ܲʶ£
µĵھһʱϳˣҿǷҪ´к
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ǷͷŭΪǸ߸ϵ̬ʩ͵ĿǣΪδͬ⣬ֱĶ桪طλã
ΪͷŭֱӺϲӬһ㣬ò뿪

ȻµĻԿˣСʦͲԱͳͳסˡ
˼Ƶģɴ۾һ˼ؿ¡
ô
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̩ڼ֪ٶмݣ˵һ㣬Ը¹ϵԴŵ
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ǿŮɶԲûкøУҲӦ
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ŮˣΨˣֵȥ׷Լϲġˣſ϶Է
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ϾûһԸڶӵʱ򣬱ԼŮ˿ǸŮֻһ
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ô
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ʱһȻڰĸ¥
طڲͣ˽Ų


1246 Ŵ
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һУø¥˶Ϊˡ
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ʱطǿƳ֣˵߼Ļ
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Ȼ
ת󣬲µͫ׶ȻŴ
ϳط硣
ڹȥһʱطȫ磬ͷһʱ
ͨ˲֪һУʶط磬߼ĳԱȺ̩ĳ֪ܲ
١ԭһΪʲôҼ棬ԼղΪʲô˵ԭΪĻᰡ
ط֮󣬲ϵɢȡ֮һЦط磬֪ǿˮȺɱ̩ߡձҰͺڰĵɭܲ˽߼̩ζʲô
ৣ
Ȼⷬ߶ӣĿˡͷԱͳͳɫ䡣
ǵݣ֪̩ߡҰ͵ɭľǿߣ֪ˮ̩һ
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ôܣ
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ָжֻΣ̩
һΣĳԱٳ֣ȣҼ۵ʱطͬսһ֣ؽͳͳɱ
һΣж˽طĻУ档
һΣж˫ͨ죬˫ֽ߬һ
ҿԸһĻᡣ
ڲµһθе֡ҡʱط뵽֮ǰ˵Ļһοˣӹɡ
·㱼ϺӣȻӾεӶ԰ҿԵʲô鶼ûз
ط磬ΪŴ𣿡
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İط˵ˣôӽʼΪ̩Ц߼ĳ裡
⡭޷ܵģ
Ļᡣط۾һ
ط磬ٴ㣬Ҹ̩XX߼ܹüXX֮⣬߼屳޷ǿҪΪֵǿ߼屳˳֣һֻ־㡭
һ͵վԼĿɽǸԼ׳Ҳط硣
ž
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µĻȻֹ

طһƳ鷭


1247 
Ϧ£±طһƳУͬƵڿתȦѪĽȻطĽ£ȧѣѪģǴһ㣬ϳ鴤
⻹ط飬ûжھҲƵǡôʵֻĲӬһ

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ͻһĻ߶ӵһȻ׷׼Ŷ㵽һԡ
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޷һҪţƵʲôزŸ̩֪ݣҽ´֪ǰǸһֽɫԿġ
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طԣüͷһ⣬㣬²ֵܲġ
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ͬʱ߶ӵ˴ؿӡӰж޷һĻľ
Ϊͨ˵ǣֻ˵ߡ
ңӡе̨ϴȭʦǱͨҲȥ
һ£ǰһĻ߸Ƕ֪
ǡǸһǳô
߶ӵðһͷ
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˰ףӱײ˲ϣ޴ˡ

֣òµ˲ɤϣٵغţֵش硭ɱңҸ׺߼岻Źġ

ȻĻ˵꣬㷢һĲҽУ
طһŲ˲˵ϣЬѹŲϵ˿ڣ˿˲Ѫֹҵʹò²˹ȥ
˵㸸̩XXļ屳޷ǿ
طŲŲµŲ£һһڸ绰ȵĻᣬܰᶯĿɽȫ

ٴطĻ߶ӵɵˡ
ɵˡ
Ҳһζˣ
Ҫ߼սô
ƽˮ̲סԼ
ûд𰸡
ȻãԼƺ˽
٣ǿƣԶԶжϣ


1248 ŭ
·𶨸
¥ϣ˶ؿط磬·𲻸ط仰
˭
ѵҪ߼սô
֮࣬ͬһаԼ
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㡭ȷҪҴ绰ˣ
¸ˣɴ۾һŵؿط硣
ԭʹ㣬ֻҪܹ뿪Ҫͨ߼̩ȨƱط磬ط羹Ȼ绰
⡭ȫԤϣ
Ŵ绰ȻĿɽ㡣
طޱؿŲ£ܹڲĺŭ⣬֪߶ԷԷ϶ᱨһԽ鷳
㡭
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ΪǸҼڳԵĻطʱˡ
ҲѡȻҰѹ˶ϺܷȥҪӾˮƽ
طٴοڣһѡ
ããã
ԣò˹ȥȻæҵֻҪ绰ط糯ǰһ顣
Ȼطна߼ʵҲ֪²òͷĵ
طԣͬϵ⣬ط׸
ҪǣʣȻȱȷԼİȫһسӡ
ԺЩֱӽ̩߼鲿CEO߼ĳԱǰ̩XX֮ӵĽȥιع˵ϡ

һĻ߶ӳ״סˡ
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̫̫ˣ
Ψһ뷨
ô
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мˣ֪鿨϶˼ΪҪ飬򲻻˷˿鿨ĻǱ¾Ŀɿڴ
仰ǴӲ鿨ߵ˵ģһΪԷˣ
̩˸飿
ô
鿨ʲôôĵӣ
𾪹󣬼ٴοʵ
˵Ӧ
鿨üͷط磬һǰʱȴͷĻˡ

طֺͫ׶Ȼ
ͬ鿨˵֪ط磬֪ҪȲ鿨еĻҪࡣ
鿨һֳ˺ܴĶȫ͸鱨ԱȡżΪǿֵϵɱ˰̩ڵеˣΪ̩ǿĴڡ
üͷ˵죬澭оȾֵ̩ĸȥ̸Ⱦֵ̩Ļ㱨Ǹط籣֤̩ķɣΣ̩飬ҲӰ쵽ȴû뵽Բ³֣һŲ¹򣬸绰ȥˡֱ̫ſˣ
֪ͨȾֵ̩ˣ̸ҶӾͲ͵ĲȷҶӵİȫȻһˡ
鿨ֱվϳŭ⣬ҵҪǸĻ쵰ʲô
õģ鿨
һʱӦ
֪鿨ŭˣ
鿨߼ŭټ̩ܹܣ


1249 
Ϧ£ҹĻ٣ƵSalaRimNam˵ƹ⡣
͵޺ƵƹŸ¥ЩľһѤɫʣӵĺÿ
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λĿˣ¥µ֪¥ֱ֮ӸλãֱӴ뿪Ƿ֮ء
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Ļ˵꣬㱻һϡ
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ֳܶ̾ҪҪһһ
ط΢ЦӭӲźͰ̣̬֮ǰԴ¶ԣ֮
˾һߣҾһɡ
طĴԭ
ҲãҲգԵɽׯ̸У̬ŵúܵͣ˫Ҳһ¡
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طĻźͰ˵Դҡͬ˹һ㡣
ʲôЦ
ȻǶҪλò¹ǵĽ£طȾƣôýֺͷ뵽³
Ѿ֪﷢һСƿȥЩأҪȽҽԺơҡͷ󣬰ί˵ԼͲŵҪ
ֳܶ̾ҺǣҲ֪ΪְڣӦöף飬Ǵˡ
طǱʾ˶˵أȻԼ̬ȣᶨ
ৣ
źͰ̵ɫʱһ䡣
Ȼұ֤ĸ֮ǰҲٶ֡
ط״ٴοڣһ˫صǶѣǶԵˣҵĳŵһ

źͰ˴۵СۣûпڻӦ
Ƕط֮ǿѡط統ѣҲѡط統ˣط綼ں
Ҳϣط˵Ǿ仰飬ǴˣҪ鿨߼Դ
ͷ鿨XXͼˣ
ڲźͰΪѵʱ򣬰̵߶ͻȻһ㱨


1250 ɵף
׵ˡ
µĻ㱨æԲ˵а˿
ڸղţطѾŵڲ鿨֮ǰԲʲô
һ£ͲԸ鿨ˡ
ڽ飬֮ͬǰͲȥˡ
ţ
̵Ļϵķŭͺ˲䱻ȡ·һִӵصãûڶ¡
һΣûóȻֻһЦضط磬Ǹо·˵㲻Ұ῿ɽôҸϵˣҵҪʲô
ͬʱſڣ鿨ͼ˴һ۽γ߳
һ´󺺣
ǲ鿨ߵıڡ
ܶͰֳ̾أ
³֮󣬼ſվȫװľֵ̩ˣ¿ʵ
漪ܶͰֳ̾ˣԭش
һȾæǰһػ㱨
ȥ
Ļȼ˵ʲô鿨ȿڣȻ󲽳ǰȥ
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һӺ󣬲鿨˸¥ڣһ۱㿴˸¥ϵΡ¹ط½£վһԣһ޶ԡ
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ţ
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һǰ̩ľͷһĿǰʵȨĴ֮һڵӺ¶棬ǼĴ
Ǹˣ
鿨ͼ߶ӣƽͷڶжϡ
Ȼǲ֪Ǹʲôֵǿƣǲţ˿̩鿨߼ڽ£
鿨
ʱźͰ̵һʱʺãӭϲ鿨ͼˡ
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һߣǿ˾һ㣬ش
£ٴվָط磬غӡ֣㲻ҸôڣҸˣôƨҷһˣҸ㣬ˣ֪ô
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ӦµһĶϹ
ط˵ֱһŶڲµСϡ

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ټĸ¥ٴš
߶ӺƽͷڣǲźͰ̣û뵽ط羹Ȼڲ鿨ͼ֮ٴǿƳ֣˵棬˲һȣ
Ƕû뵽ο鿨ͼˣ
֮ǰδȥ˿̿һĻɵˡ
¶Щ
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˵ûҵ㲻㲻ԡ
һؿطͬʱطһŲڲµĺϣòſڵϣŵ棬ڹһ㡣
졭쵰
ط񵽲һĻطŲŲ£鿨Ȼѣ˿̵ްյĳ侲ǲȻŭȵſ£
ƾʲô
طӭϲ鿨λ̩ͷŭĿ⣬ʵ

鿨ûһ˹ȥ
ƽ⣡
ȣ
Ķӣ
̩XXڲõĽΪ߼һƶߣ
ط統ϲһȣò¼ŹصƣƾʲôҪſ£
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ط磬̩
Ȳ鿨лع񣬼͵ؿڣͳ˼㡣
طΪǵûн鿨߼Ҳûн̩

طĿɨٴηʣвô

һΣֵĬˡ
˵ܵǰǿȻ
ǸҶǰĻ˵вĻһˣ
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żͷǺӲͷƤǰͼطȷſ¡
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ṣ֪̌׷ʲô
һ̣ȲŽĻ˵꣬㱻鿨ˡ
ŵĿڣò鿨Ӽȵķŭʧ״̬һЩ
ǸźͰ֮ʲôûΪǰĻ֮⣬뻹ԭ
鿨˽ġ
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ط״δֹ
˵Լڨ£ܾ֮߳ŭҪ¶ϺӾ´ʹѣͼڱʲôطĽžԼĺϲţûҳ
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ʱͲǶˣǻϼ׵ǣ¾ιҲһڴϣΪһˡ
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һ֮󣬲ֲǸŮӦôͷβһУǿԸʵ١
ܶ˵Ķô
鿨ĿͶ߶ӡ
šš
߶һɬʶصͷ˼άֹͣˡ
ˣҶӲȣ㲻Ϊһ̫ô
õ߶ӵȷ֮󣬲鿨ٴνĿͶط磬һ£ʵ
֣
ط缥һЦȻָָźͰ̣һһӦңܶͰֳ̾ȥɽׯ̸Ļ绰ĻᶼûУ˿ѾΪϺһʬ壡


1251 ͸
˻
鿨ٴûһ£ŭĿط磬û˵һ仰
Ϊ̩ǰͷ߼δƶߵѾ˵дȣط̨ףطȻǿޱȣβô
ǲ鿨źͰҲطЩǿƹͷˡ
ѵҪ߼̩ô
ط磬̲סԼ
ط磬֪ǰʱһУҲ֪һСǿΪȫѧһһˡ
ʱٴοڣûø߸ϵĿвط磬Ǵѡ֣涸Ȼһתֵ̩ǿˡֵ̩λǱ޵ľֳ߼屳
ҿ԰Ļвô
طش˼Ļ

Ҳûǻˣͷˡ
ط˵ʵ
ۿ˫ٴ뽩ֻ֣ӲͷƤ˵ǿǶҲ˶ʾ˶ءȻҲ֪ʲô໥ġ
ǵģֳ̾˵û໥ġ仰ҵĴԭһ£ǻĵĻ˵˾һߣҾһɡΪͲܶҵأҶ˳ŵ֮ǰ˵ҿǵûɱ
˵طָָµĲ£֣ء
һ̣û˻Ļ
ĸɱ£۾գһ¡
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ҵԡ
ط绺˵ĸ֡
ĸ֣ҲǿƵ׵ԭڣ
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һУֻΪݡλǵԽУڽ֮ǰȫûнطϣȻȥע˽⡣
иϰߣѣǶѣǶԵˡ
źͰ˵ı仯طٴοڣ̬ȼر
ųǾԣж
²㴥Ǿ׳أЭˣԽް塪ڰڵĸ޼ɵߵԸ
֮⣬ҲΪȫѧЦ
Բģ
ϾΪǾԣĲ֣ðΣգɱ̩ߡҰ͵ɭνǷѾ˼
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ԣæӦȻóֻᣬҵطǾ仰Ľͼ
һУֻݸ˲鿨
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ˣңô£
֮󣬲鿨Żع񣬽ֻֻţٴνĿͶط硣
һ̣֮ް֮ǰķŭҲûΪ̩XXͼΪ߼峤ĸ߸ϣȡ֮ء
ʼԴط磬ط統߼Σյˣ
Ҹѡ񡣡
طֱӲ鿨һһһѵǸֻҪԭԸ⽫Ƿˮ³ǣôµΪֹ
㡭
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ǻ߼鲿CEO鿨Ķӣ߼ĺĳԱ̩ĳǵͷһر˳⡢¹ʹȡ
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ڶѡʲô
鿨Ҳջ𣬵ܺõؿԼüʵ
ɱӣӽ߼岻ݣ
طٴοڣȴһը죡
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬߶Ӻƽͷڣǲ鿨źͰ̣¶סˡ
ҪҵĻҲҪλ̩߼屳ŻңһᱻŵĻôѾܶˡ
һĲ鿨ˣطٴοڣѵһǰֻǰߣձѧ׷ɱҰȻ뿪ձڣұ֤λ̩߼屳׷ɱңҲɶ׷ɱȻ߼̩
⣡
ٴطĻ鿨˵ͷڲ
УźͰ뵽˵طձһС
鿨ǸܵطеǷݾȻ
͸ɣ

鿨˫ȭɿؼιһȻ𽥼ᶨĿͶȻֹƵĲ£˻Ƶ£طѵǸ
ס
¼ˣԸҲԸΪ̩Ц

鿨ͻȻһ
ҲԼĶӳΪ߼ĳ裬˿ط緭ӶΪ߼
ǡǡ
»һһػһ䣬ȻתĿͶǸ֮ǰһڵŮˡ
ԡԲԭ¡
ţţµͷ­ͬһſڵϣ˵仰
µΪֹ
»ڣ鿴ƺƽıһֽж
ǷݸжǴһ㣬ܿƵضš
ΪǸĸԸ׷桢ˣΪ˱ϧҪ߼ģ
ô
Զ߶̲סаԼ
ǸһڵˣطСƵ¹˵ĸףλȨ̩ľͷ֮󣬷ǵûһسӣǹ͹һǸΪ֪ĺŮġ
һУͬξһ㣬еĲʵ
ô
£ߣ
Ӧ߶ӵط
££߳¥뿪
һ·ͨ裡


1252 »û꣡
²֪Լ뿪ġ
ֱûдӸղŵ𺳺͸жлع
Դﲻ֮ǰ߸ϵĲ£ͬ͹һصǸϴĻ棬ϲϵػصطǾǿƶѪĻɱӣӽ߼岻ݣ
£ʲô
طһ겻ӣʵ
ҡһڸղŵ
طĻξѣʶػһ䣬ȻʵΪĵΪֹô
˵
ط˵ԼĿԿ϶ǣ̩Ǳ߲֪֡λų̩İĿǰڱչءң̩ԸǵĻ֮ǰͲרŵ̸ˡ
߼ǱߣҪ߼˵䱳ǷԸΪ˲¡˳ͷˡ
ţ
ٴطĻЩɻ
Ϊ鿨Ϻ߼ҫɱȲҪˡ
߼ıǷ֣鶼ᴫȥ
·𿴳µɻطٴοڽ
»Ȼ
˲źͰ˴Ŵֵ̩˸ϵ֮⣬κǸмĲҲϵֳ
ǾԲýй
£ӽ쿪ʼߣһʱ䣬Ľ֮ط룬š
õģ
µһʱͷ
֪طĴ㡣
߼屳ҪֵĻҪĵף

ףѵôô
ͬʱ¥ϣ˵ȣ̱ڵϣʵʵ
ȥ
鿨ûлشԼӵĻָɬ߶ӣıڵ֮⣬ٶҵĿ龭ˣסǵ͡ҪԲȡȫİ취
ǣ
ڵһʱ˲鿨˼ɱˡ
ΪǱܵѰ취
£ڵһʱǰһץɬ߶ӣѸ뿪¥
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ȱڴ߶뿪֮󣬲鿨ſڻӦ¡
áõģס
ܲ鿨ûشԼ⣬һ̲µ˲鿨̬ȡ»ûн
ֳ̾ܶǶ˸ղһС
·Ϊӡ֤µжƵģ͵óֻ߼Ǽõ˽ҽԺԺĵ绰ʱ鿨ĿδӼ̺Ͳ˵ɨǣȣ̩ࡣѵҪһˣҰ
鿨Ļ鿨еŭ⣬̺Ͳ˶ף鿨ղֻΪ˱ܿطķâסԲò¹صǸ
˿̣鿨˵Ŀĺȷû꣡
һеͬʱ˶ûпڡ
ֳ֪̩̾ΪʲôҪǸĻ쵰ȴڣ
ۿû˿ڣ鿨ٴοڣĿͶ˰̡
鿨ֺ̩;һͬЭ̺ľ
ʵشԭҪ棬һӦףԹ޷ֻѹƵһ޶ȡҲ˵Ǹطƶ̩ĵǰ̩ߡ̩ȸӣ̩ڵӰʵһġ
ڶطӵǿµֵȺɱ̩ߡҰ͵ɭǵʱǿߡǵɭ˵Ǻڰ߶Ϊ֮⣬һǿƵˡ鼸֤һ㣬ղšҲ˵ǿӲ̬ȶԸ̩пܻḰձͺĺ󳾡ɱ䣬հȻȥ
ҲҪһ㡣ֳʵֻǱ̩ǿһЩ֣ҲûлɱطİաңڱչأǼΪؼʱڣܱš
˵̿鿨ɫΪѿֲ֮⣬ط֣沢ûΪǹ뿪ǰ죬ٸԽ͢ӢȺ󷢱ʾطѣԶӭ롣Щԭѡ̸
鿨ǾԸͨﷸԣطǿߣѹܹԸģϾֶ̩û취
Ҳˣ̸ղŵĻ˽ȥ˵ʲôӶ鿨ŭйϡ
ѵǾҪһĻˣҶӴУҺ߼壬̤̩ҫͷô
鿨ûڶ£Ϊ̩ͷ߼δƶߣû
Ǹ鿨̩˵ڰֳչؽ֮ǰ޷Իطʲô̱̬ȡ
һΣѡ˳Ĭ
˵ֶ̩Ըط磬͸Ҫָˡ
һȻ̱̬ˣûбҪˡ
ףǱҪݺݽѵǸ쵰Ǹɵ⽫ΪǺ߼Զĳ裡
º˵ʾ鿨Ӧý߼屳
鿨µҪԸǸطĻΨ֣
Ҳˣֱȷᵽ߼屳
塣
̩ϵѧңѾãһֱ֮Уʮδָ̩֪
̩صļҲȫ֮һ
ô
鿨üͷԼ
ûд𰸡
ս˫ȭ˾
Ҫ


1253 ˭ĥʯ
峿ģһС͵֣ʻȸۡ
߼֡
ϣֻв鿨߼ƶߡμ念ڡ
ڻ䵱ŴԱĽɫ
ĳоţ念Ͳ鿨˵мΪ
ΪݵλԺգÿγжǰӵ
ǽ֮ᳵӼֻΪҪȥݷáʾ塣
̩ص֪޼ǲܱ¶壬ױ¶ء
λ̩һƬȺ֮ϣܾǰ̩Ϊˡ
ףΪְô
鿨念վڼװϣ̲סʵ
뿪·֮󣬵һʱȥ念ҽطһ念ϸ㱨
念󣬲Ȼŭͬ˲鿨ֵ飬ڽһ磬Ų鿨һͬǰء
念ԣŲ鿨ǰȥΪ֣Ҳǽ鿨ܸ塣
Ͼһ꣬Ҫ˾Ļˣ߼ҾҪɲ鿨ƶ档
ǰҲ޷֤ǷΪ֣ڵĻֵĸʺܴ󡣡念˵ԼĿ
Ϊʲô鿨Щɻ
Ϊһʱ䣬ڴȫصҪͬΪĽ֯Ѿˡ
念һǵ˵ԼжݣȻҲ֪ЩΪͳͳҪҲǸط类Ϊȫѧһһˣҿ羳ɱһѧǿߡǿ˵һܺõĥʯ
˼ǣǿ˳ֻɱطǸ쵰Ļһ´ȫ򣿡
鿨һΪ߼δƶߵһ˽⣬֪Ѿõѧ壬̩ϡȫĹ̩ȭվȫѧ۷ǿߣÿһһλǿˡ
ģܱ֤Ҳǻʽɳֱӽǻط˲ɱ
念ӦţٲȻѾط統һˡ
鿨Ҳͬ뷨ϵķŭ͵ʧӰ٣ȡ֮ڴǸо޲̲ϳɵء

һƬȺɣһ죬غģ򱻼ԱϷ֣ݡλԽߵģֵĵԽá
磬һǿˡ
ռݵĵ죬첻Զĵ죬ҵɽϿȣСϪɫˡ
֮⣬ˣӡ
ֻһ䡣
תĲ֪ʱͬһȥץ㡢ȥɽժӣǽϿ֮һȻˮ
ˮˮ峺ףʮֻǣҩ
ҩԡǹ̩ȭߵıƷҲÿ춼Ҫ顣
ৣ
ٽ硢̫ҵʱͻȻ˫ۣĿ磬˲

ȻˮԾ𣬽ˮˮغ󷽵ʯڣȭʯڡ
䡪
һȭֱըγɿµˣȭɨʯϣֱӽʯϵҳһɨա
ȭݺݵʯϣµھſֲ˲ŷ
飡
ꡪ
ͬʱ
ԭƽʯϣһĿӶһѷӿӶʯ죬ģ·һ֩һ㡣
һȭʯڣ

һĻԶֱɵˡ
֪Լ̵λүÿһʱʯڽйӶʵͱչЧ
ļУǿһȭ
ϲүɹͻս۷壡
ͬΪߵˣܵϵĿϢ˲ʶʲôξѣһʱףأȴΪ𺳡
Ϊֻʮꡣ
˵ļУ壬λʵǿޱߵڣͻս۷ʮ꣡
Ҳ˵Ϊս۷ǿߡ
ң֪ΪһǿˣĵĹ̩ȭҶõĵرԶԶӵ޷Ტ۵ġ
ΪҪǣλ֮⣬Ψһáɱʽ巨ġ
νɱʽ巨ָÿһ罫֮ԻȻָĹмﵽԽµĿġ
뻪ѧƺӡѧġ̡֮ͬ
һ£峤үүһǿˡĸףڸͻս۷ʱʵ˿̵
˿ʵܹѾˡ
׼һ£Ǹ뿪ˡ
ȭĿͶԼˡ
үҪôԣһ̲סʵ
ҲҪأҪʾүү
о˸˵Ǵ֮꣬Щļ嶼֣һĥкô
õģүȥ׼
ԣдϲصĻȻͲÿشںˣȥʶĻ硣
Сʱ֮󣬱ʰһУؼʻһСʻ
֮ǰһֱռϣѡһЩˣҵĥʯѡô
һոµĺɫһͷڷϴ֮󣬴ڼͷƮ
үԭҸѡһ̩ߵˣҲս۷ʵϰǼªĹ̩ȭһɱˡʵ
Ŷѵ̩ͻֽѧˣ
üͷһȻδ뿪أ˽Ⲣ٣֪̩뻪йѧԣ̩ѧܡ
үûСǸطͻȻֵ̩ģɱ̩ߣɱ˺ųձĹҰкڰĵɭݿɿϢ˵ɭ͢Χ
ҡҡͷ˵Լͨռ鱨ȻүǸ̩ȻˣҾǸطʺϸĥʯ
طô
ۣظ֣ɱӿһҲ̩Ұүүҳȥ


1254 
ʱ֣ź棬䣬ԵøӶ
Ҳͨˮɹڵԭ
£߼ֻͣһļªͷ念鿨˿첽£ǵı˴ϡ
念ˡ
ʱһӭʶ念ͬʱֵؿŲ鿨
Ϊ念һδ˵ǵ
Ҷӣ鿨
念˺Ŀ⣬ͣȻ⣬ͨشʦҪҪ㱨
õģ念
һʱӦȻóߵл㱨
ƬȺȻԶ̩ڣ߼廨˰Ĵ䱸˰ͨѶʩڵʩ
ˣҲܼʱ˽˱͸֪طȺɱ̩ߡҰ͵ɭˡ
念شʦǰ
һƣȻǰ·
Ӻ念Ų鿨˵мһ̩ʽǰ
Ÿߴľ߽
һɫصſڵȺ
Īʦ
念Ѹӭϣʺá
ΪеĪ峤صĶӣһĸס
ĪĵλͲ鿨߼ĵλ൱δļƶߡ
Īרڴſڵȴ念ҲǸ念ӡ
Ͼڹȥʮ嶼δһУճƷҪҩģ߼ṩͲٰġ߼ÿܶɻͻͻ˴ǵ
念ӭǵ
Ī΢ЦŻӦȻ֮ͬǰĺһĿͶ˲鿨Ц鿨ӭһεǵ
лл
念鿨ӲԼͬлĪϳ鿨δе⡣
֮Ī߼δļ̳߶ϲĻô֤˽ⲻѹδƶߵĺѡ
ݵĺѹĪ念Ͳ鿨Ӵ˴
Ϊ峤أϥһϣŮһһҵվԡ
ͬһŮˣҪء
شʦ
أ念Ų鿨һʱ̬ʮ𾴡
𾴣Դһֱ߼ṩѾʮˡ
ڼʮǰδʱ߼ֻһӹ塣
ʱǱľ׵齻߼
嵱ʱ峤Ҳصĸףڱչص桪ԣ
念ѡļ̳˿ȥ
زδֻϸشһ¿˵һۡ
ллشʦ
鿨л˿ǰ̩ͷ߼δƶߵļӡ
念ôͻȻӵǵˣʲôô½ĿͶ念żɽʵ
ǵģشʦ߼鷳
念ͷɫѿ˼̤߼ϣӺ壡

念Ļ£ؿڣĪüͷһ
ǣҲǡ
念ǵ˵ͷȻҡҡͷ׼ȷ˵һˡ
ô£
صıҲȫжٶңһĴǿһѧʵҲǶģԶ̩ѧɱȡ
شʦġ
念ٴοڣԼؽ߼طĳͻ˻㱨
лط꣬Һ֮ǰ͹עˣǰʱȽ췭ظȴû뵽ǣ̫ˣ
ĪٴοˣѾʼ͹ˡؽܶ齻İ塣
ϣû˵ԼĿûİ壬ֻ˵Լĸܡ
峤Īʦүˣϵǵ
ʱһ˴㱨
֮ǰͷӭ念һ⴫ӡ
Ƕ߼Ϊ̩ѰѧţȻ͵ϣ䡢ɱ̭ջЧ塣
Ȼ߼ڹȥЩ鷳ʱ⴫ӳֽġ
ţ
ȻϢغĪЩ
ΪǶζʲô
ͻս۷壡
ʷս۷ǿߣ
念˵Ժ˵
ٴοڣϵŭҲϲȡ
£վĪҪȥſӭ̬Դ念鿨γ˶Աȡ
ΪУ念鿨Ҫˣ߼嶼Ҫδ
ӺءĪӺ念鿨ӵĵȴУ˱˴ſڡ
үүס
ǵһʱءĪ
ϲɹͻս۷壬Ϊʷս۷ǿߣ
Ī˵ĳɾͣ׵Ķܽ
ܲ
ҲǸ˱ԵҪƽһЩ
ллүүס
ǵлȻŽĿͶ念鿨ӣ念˽Ǹطô

ἰطĸ֣念Щ㵡
ô֪ط磿غĪҲһɻ
үүףģ֮ǰƻγ֮󣬾ͳȥĥȻñѡһĥʯ̩ߡҲ֪̩߱ǸطɱˡԣǸط統ҵĥʯڽ͵
ү֪ҽյǵΪǸط
念ԣЩæ˵Լ⣬ڴܹȥɱط硣
٣һ֣̩޷ҲͰˣȻӺ壬ֱǻˣ
ɫ˲Щſµɱ⣬ȻԼүү񣬵үүʾȥɱǸ֪ߵغ֣
ҲáǸһǻѧһϣȫѧϯƻĵϲұ͢ӢҼ£Ѿȫѧˡ
ͬ룬ȻѵΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳ͷֹǸСߣһս飬ͨսɱ
սô
üЩԸȻ󲻿һЦܹսȥɱǸֽҫ


1255 ҪôսҪô
ҽԺ
̩õ˽ҽԺڻ߼š
ҽԺVIPҽԺԺȫԺ֪Ĺǿרңһá
һУֻΪˡ
±͵ҽԺҽԺһʱԲµƽдȫļ顣
֮Ժ֯ҽԺĹǿרٿר飬Ѿһ£ƶϸƷ
ϣϰɴҩȵ˿Ѿʱ˹̶
үСȹۺأҪָܻҽԺԺ˵Ʒ
á
ɫѿصͷȻʵʲôʱ
ϡ
ҽԺԺɿشҪ˿ڼ״ͬʱҪǰĽʳƷԺ͵ϡ
֪ˣǳȥɡ
ٴοڣЩͳԵʮ⡣
ط̤ϣұһǶ⡢һȣҪôõ
ǣү
ҽԺԺ˵һʱ첽˳ȥ
Ȼ֪˵ԭ򣬵óµ⣬ͲԶ£֮֡
Ļ֣
ҽԺԺ뿪֮󣬲۵죬̲ס֪ڷйַʽʹ
֪үү͸ȥΣ
˼󣬲·ǵûԼãǸӱˣϳźŭ⣬Ȼ뵽念Ͳ鿨ǰȥֵ顣
ˡˡ
ʱµֻͻȻ
óֻһǸײ鿨ĵ绰ͫ˲ŴȻ󼤶ؽͨ˵绰ʵףүүԸֶԸǸô
ţͬ֡鿨ܿ϶Ĵ𸴡

ش𣬲¼úЩˣ̫ˣǸֱɱҪʬι
£Ҹ绰˸Ϣ֮⣬һҪȥ
鿨ܹԼӵ飬ûжԴ˽ָ𣬶˵绰Ŀġ
ʲô£
ЩɻˣҪʲô
׼øһǿֻɱǸĻ쵰սģʽ鿨͡
սȻ⡣
ԣҪǸĻ쵰ս
鿨ظһ飬Ȼֲ飬壬ҪǸĻ쵰֮ս
ףˡ
»ȻҪƣһսγɾ޴Ӱ
һȲ鿨еɱط󣬱߼棬ͬʱٴι߼̩ĵλƣ

뵺Ƶ꣬һ׷
¹ԡԡ߳
ոճ˸ˮ裬Լ¡
죬ȵȣ¶ȺܸߣпյȻеȡ
һУֻΪ޷ġ
ʼطָʾƤߣһݣȣס˰뵺Ƶꡣ
ңǸ̩Ҳã߼Ҳգ߼屳ҪĻ϶ط硣
һڰ˫գΣգطİΣʼ޷
󣬾͵³ԡϺɫ˯ȹֻ
ıú룬ط硢֮⣬û֪
ͻֻһȻһʱֻһ磬½ͨ
С㣬߼屳壬Ҫشʦˣ
绰ͨѵ֪ط߼ĳͻһֱڶĽչ
ڸղţӵһĻ㱨֪ط緢ս顣
ʲô˼
µͫ˲СΣյâ״סˡ
С㣬Ҹ˵Ļһʱỹ˵ɣ¼̳ѾоϢˡһ£ص
á
˵ţѸٹҶϵ绰Ȼһ嵽׷ǰ򿪱ʼǱԣص½˰̳
ţ
һ̣±㿴һ졢öӡ
ط緢ս
ӵ֡
ǽ֯

üͷĬһ֣Ȼ㿪ӡ
ط磬һ֣̩Ұֱʽպʮ㣬ڴʹԵϺϣط緢֮սΪ̩ȭط磬Ӧսͼβ͹̩Զ̤̩벽

Ӵ򿪣һ۱㿴ط´ս飬ԴǼңһ


1256 ս
ҪôսҪô
սݣüͷһ
ֱ̫ſˣ
һȻӵݡ
߽֯ս棬ϸ
̩Ϻǿѧ壬н̩߰꣬ʷһƾáڹ̩ʷӾѧڡķʱ̩ȭơ
Ҳ˵ƴ̩ȭĲǡķѣ壡
崫ȻϡĹ̩ȭΪĵıǡ巨ͨ巨ԶĽղ֮
̩ѧģ
崫һγʮǰʱǿء̩ѧսѧ磬ƾǿĽղ֮ȫѧϯĻ֯ƻĻܡ
ৣ
֮µɫˡ
Ȼѧ⺺Ҳ֪ƻģ֪ƻǻȫѧһˣ
ݽ֯Ľܣܹƻġ
⡭ܲ𾪣
𾪹ǷΪսŭɢȡ֮ǵǡ
ŵǵ飬ӡ
ƻģȻԶǿ󣬵ҲǻѧΪ֮ܳһҲ֤˹̩ȭǿ󡣵Ȼһ̩ѧͻѧս̩ѧĻ
µüͷٴ
ƻĶˣ̩ѧΪλأ
¿ȴֹĽܵΪֹˣû˵̩ѧܵԭ
ǹĽܡ
һǿˣʵδ֪Ȼսɱս۷ǿߵĻط磬ô֤šʵ뻪طһս
ʵʮǰػҪǿ
ȫһǵһš
һսǵһϵһź͵һλ֮սҲǻѧ̩ѧʮһμҽ棬۽Σעȫѧ磡
ݵΪֹ֯Ԥһսɾ޴ĺ䶯
ûȥԣѸóֻطĵ绰طĵ绰ռߡ
Ϊձ缸Ӳͨطĵ绰
Ϊִ֯տʱ鿴֯鱨Ϣ⣬ʶһʱ֪ط緢ս顣
ϢѾ̩贫ͨý崫ͨȺҲγ˾޴ĺ䶯
Ȼýûôϸֻ˵Ϊ˺̩ȭҫҪΪѧһŵطб䡣
С磬Ҹյ鱨Ϣ̩һǿ㷢սҪ֮ڴʹԵϺһ
绰ͨȿڣõѯʵ
ʦһ֪£ղ˸Ҵ绰ӦҪ˵¡
طһ뵽¸ղŵ磬Ӧ
̩ϡǿѧ壬ôͻȻ֮ҪԸ㣿ҵõ鱨ʾ̩Ѿ̸УҴĳЭ顣Щɻʵ
ʦִ̩Э̩֮߼巢˳ͻ
طͣȻʵû´Ļղ˵߼屳ɣ
ǵġ߼ĸӹ塣ڹȥʮѡ׵߼ڴ
ոȷϣȻʵ߼ôˣ
ʦġ
طԵؽԼ߼ĳͻ֪ա
С磬㲻սս·ϡ
طտЦһȻԥһ£С磬ϴʦȥ̩ҲĹڵʵɨȫѧһûκ⣬治Щ϶ص֮һ
ʦôطʵһ˵塣
ǵģüǹ̩ȭʼߣӵĹ̩ȭУԹѧĴ
˵ͣһ£Щӵʮǰ̩ѧսѧ磬嵱ʱǿأܼѧţаʦ
ʲʲô
ٴյĻط統һƻĴʦȻУ
ţʦһΨһһܡ
̾˿һתֵȻʦֺ͵ߣʮ֮ǰûһ֦㣬ԽԽǴ׻ȭ֮ڻȫѧ޷ĵλ
ԭˡ
طȻ
ѧҲк֣ܶţСһ֦㣬ںյĳɾ;ˡ
˵ƻںߣ
С磬û´Ļ϶Ӧսɣʵ
š
طܸɴسϣԭҾӭ߼屳ֵ׼Ǹսѧ磬ҾƻĴʦҾ͸бҪӦսˣ
С磬ҵǶûģ㣬һսǧ򲻿ɴ⡣
ٴοڣѵΪǸսǸһǿˡ֪ɱԡԪڡ̩ߡҰɭ֪ǿ֮Ȼ㷢սʵס
ʦллѡ
طǱʾлȻһһţһս̩ȭߴӴ˲սѧ磡

طĵĻܵطţնʱˡ
󣬵ջعʱطѾҶ˵绰Ҳͨµĵ绰

£ս飬Ѿ֪ˡ
绰ͨ±㱨ֱӱطϡ
Ӧսô
Ȼ˴𰸣̲סʵ
ȥ̳ҵ巢һӡ
طӸ𸴣ն֮ϺӸˮ񣡡


1257 ֮
֯ڰ̳תս֮Ѹײڶ֮ƴ˸߶ȹע顣
һУΪǵһ֮⣬ҲΪطʼվȫѧķ˿ڣһһܹע
οطոȽɱ̩ߡҰ͵ɭˮҵõٸԽ͢Ӣҵļ£
ط壬սӦ̳֮ըˣ
Ҿ֪ط粻
ǵģû֣͸ɣֱ̬ȣ
һѧź͵һλţⳡսһǳʣҪȥۼ֤

棬ӣȫһսΪעҳȤ˱ʾҪȹս
ͬʱطǿƻӦҲڼ̵ʱ̩
¡ߵһʱ֪Ϣ
ҽԺVIP
¸ոһ̩֪Ů˵ͷ
ַʽԼȵʹҲףط֡
٣֣ҵҪ㻹Ų
֪طǿƻӦ֮󣬲ЦȻܻŮˣͨ˻ҽԺԺĵ绰
ү
绰ͨҽԺԺȿʺã𾴡
Ҫָ𣿡³ʵ
ǵģүֻǵһлָƣʱΪҡ
Ȼµܰ׳գҽԺԺĺ𾴵ظ𸴡
Ҫ뿪ҽԺһˣôٴʵ
ү춯ָҪü졭
ģǷԣ
һΣȻҽԺԺĻ˵꣬㱻ŭϡ
졭үԭǲҶģзǳҪҪ뿪ҽԺҲǿԵġڲϣȻ뿪ҽԺһҽͻʿߡҽԺԺ룬𸴡
ȻжϳһзǳҪ飬򲻻뿪
жǶԵġ
¾ǰϺӣۿط֮ս
׼ȷ˵ҪĿط򱬣Ȼطʬ壬طιйͷ֮ޣ
⡭ǼҪ飡

ء
念鿨˲δ뿪
һ棬ǶڵطĻӦ
طӦսĻôǱһͬǰȣ֮Լ뿪
һ棬ǲ鿨һأ念Ų鿨⴫ӵͬ£߸죬ϤԱڲ鿨δӰ֮󣬿ԸõΪ
ͬҲûдű뿪סһ
ʱסĵط
ѡΪһǿ֮󣬲űרԼĺ
үոյõϢǸطӦսˣ
ջصûã˱˳˽㱨
Ӧսͺãһβӳ̩
˵Ļ㱨ЦѣǸо·ѾԼɱطĻ档
ү
ٴοڣȴЩԥƺڿǸ˵Ļ
ʲôʵ
ǸطĻӦе˵ϺӸٰˮ񡭡
գѡʵʵ˵ͬʱСع۲ı飬˵Ӭ
٣ǲ֪
ٴĻϵЦһüĿ֮ӿֳ˼ŭ⣬ֱߣھǰȣ
áõģү
æӦȻһľսظὫŭйϡ
Ȼ޲̷ɵȣûֱӴ˱ﵽͷǰĵȥʾԼүүء
үүס
ʱغĪ˶ڣһʱʺãȻ˵Լ⣬ҸղյϢǸֲսҼΪſȥȡ
Һ㸸׶Ѿ֪ǸطĻӦ
ؿһۣʵȻǸط̬Ⱥſ񣬵ȥʲôأѵȥɱ
ҡ
һʱЩȻ޲̽طңҲ֪ȻսѾ´ֻܰԼȥϺӻɱط硣
Ҳ뵽ˣȥҲʲô
ۿ˵ٴ˵㲻Ҫż̬ƽһЩԼĻ˵ֻĥʯɱԣͨһս󡣡
үү˼ǣƶǶ
֪Ǹط粻ΪһһˣұΪȫѧһһˣȫѧ͵޷Ӱ
ͣһһһսƱػȫǰֳսǻѧ硣ʮǰǰսѧ磬ܡһΣ㲻ҪΪҺѩܣҪԵһЩ
үү˼ǣ
֪صսѧ飬˿̲ػе˼
һս㣬嶼żҪֵõƽһЩţ仰˵ҪԼȥӭսȻĲӬһǸط
ѭ򽥽յһ£ǲǻĳк䶯ԣң̩ܺȭҫ
үүˡȻ
Һ㸸ףһͬǰȣ֤Ϊ͹̩ȭѩܣ
صͷоڴ
үүףҲҪǸ֪ĻֳΪһʬ壬ûѧΪĴʣ
Ӧһĵ


1258 սʤ
طҪ֮սϢĵ磬Ϊϰ½̸ĺٴϸۡ
Ϊ˵ط飬׼ٴҽЭ̡
Ȼͨ绰£Ǿһˡ
һ棬ĵĽͨǳȫϽͨǿϸ۵ϰķǳ㡣
ΪҪǣַʽŶԽء
Դƶϰĺμ֮󣬱Ƶ뽯ӴԽӴԽãܹϸۼʮ겻ų޷ӵе۹⡣
ڹȥιط¼УĽúٱ˷
һУԽأҽ嵱ǰʦ
ԼıӴ˺١
Ϊø͵ʱ䣬Լ˽˳ʦһٷˣͺٱ߳Աġ
Ȼ¡ζһϲĲˣأ
˹ζٳ뽯ĿյЦ˵
Ҳһˡ
ͷ֪ݷĿģȻٲᣬȻҲơ
Ӧ˵Ҫ̩Ǹ֮ս˰ɣȻٿʼἰеĿġ
ѾˡӸ𸴡
ǰڴ飬Ҿ˵Ǹ̩ءǿѧ壬ǸǸǿˡ
ЩεصͷȻ˵Լ֪ϢʵһΣôܼ࿭ô
˵вΪΪ֪ԭѡ񣬽֤֯һ㡣˵һǳĻĸҲ˶ı䡣Ǹ֮еһԱ
һһսǷǸҲһײϸֱ仯ת۵㡣
渵˵ԼĿĻȫ鱨ǰȣעͼ֤һսһսĽһϹ۵㡪ȻӦսҾʤ
һսԭô塣ԵЩ𾪡
Ҳһս岻ֹҸ˵ЩЦ
ܽˡ
پٱʾл۹⡢۽ǻۣԶɱȣԵͬʱϵѧϰ
ؿ
ҡͷ֮һʱͺƵΪ˫û̫ͻҲΪ˫ĳ˵ǰһӵƣδνǸѾ뿪ĵꡣ
˵Ҫȥսôʳһ⡣
ȻҪȥ
ܸɴشȥս֧֣Ҳʾ
һ֧ʾһ
ᣬٴζƱ

ձ塣
ɾԼ鷿ȡֶɾط֮սһĻ㱨
壬ݽ֯͸©Ϣ̩ءǿѧ壬崫սѧ磬ܶѧš
㱨֮ɾ˵ԼĹ۵㣬ǻطȻϵȫѧһһˣһΣпܻǸ
Ѿڴˡ
ɾҡҡͷԶطϢǰע⡣
壬ǣɾһ㶡
Ѿ˱𣬶ǲҪȥǸطйصˣǻˡ
ɾɬһЦһûطҺͼϵô
ɡǣ壬ˣǾͲصڶǳˡɾ治⡣
ˡ
ɾҡҡͷһǵڵʵݺ͵λԺһƽ̸УΪǻʸĵˣ

ɾԶԡ
ɽҲãɾҲգѾûʸˡ仰˵ֻҪǽȥ벻ٶǳ֡Ҳǰ´Ǹԭ򡣡ɾԴ
壬˵
ɾ룬ͬɾ˵Ȼ뵽ʲôʵԺֵô
ޡʱŵ¹˹ΧطʦʦСطڶγϱʾһһ㵱ʦˡԣ֮һֱںֵͷնȥģ
ɾһ϶˵ͬʱܹ󣬴˿̵ȫֵϯϯʱŵ峤ɵ¡ʱŵһѰ
ʵӡ֤ɾĲ²⡣
ŦԼ
ʱŵׯ԰
ɵ¡ʱŵ֪طҪ֮սϢ󣬲δһһʱȥĸޡʱŵ
Ϊһ֮ޡʱŵױطɱҰ͵ɭϢŵˣֱѡչء
ޡʱŵΪ˻ָʵҲ뿴ܲñչصĻʵһ¥
ڱչ֮ǰɵ£طɱҪʱŵ壬򣬷κ鶼Ҫȥ
֪УѾһСɳ޼ɵ־ĵزˡһսȻʤô죿
ͬ
һΣɵûֹ̬ȣǵطս£񻰡
Ϊɾһ
ǱطɱˣҲɱûģ


1259 ӿʱ
ʱ֣ϵĳǱԡϦ£Եøľ
ǺڰҪݵ֮һλڱŷĳ
ΪڰʦĿǰֺڰת÷壬ڴٴ˶档
ģĺӾôôQȵŹȥ죬Ȼ̩ǿ壡˶ڱԹ
Ϊڰ֮ӣʱĺڰϢصض鱨Աһط쳣򣬱һʱ㱨
Ϊˣһʱ͵֪طҪ֮ս顣
Ϊ̩ˮµĵ̩߼巢ͻҲֵ֡
÷˵ԼĿֵǣʮȻˡ
ǿ뻪ĺ֮ս壬һս˶Ҳ˵ԼĿ
ò˵Ϊڰ֮ӣ̳˰¹˹ѧ츳ͷҲһѪָ˹ؼ
ţġ
÷ͷȻ󲹳Ȼһԭʮǰ̩ѧսѧ磬ܼѧţһΣǿ˳սǸĺӣҲΪ̩ȭ軪ѧĿġ
ⶼǹؼؼһǸĺӱɱô죿
˶ЩǣζõطعӶʵ
һ¸ҲоĺɨЩǿˣ
ǸĺϴɱɭķȻܹɭ濹⣬ôǸǿʵδؾǿ
÷һǵңǸĺһ·սŷḻɱ飬Ǹǿ޷ġ
е
˶ͷ֪ɭʵ֪ܹɭɱζʲô
Ҳط粫ɱ׼ȷ˵طɥ֮Ȯһ֪طɱǺεȵķḻ
һսҵǲǸĺӻǵһս󣬸Ⱥ÷ٴοڣüͷ
ڰƶߡ¹˹ûгء
һ£ܵЩĳӰ쵽¹˹ĵ߸ֵļƻ
֮⣬ΪڰĶ԰¹˹˽⣬֪¹˹һЩܡ
¹˹һЩĶԹԼڰᡢҪΪȫһ˵ԭ
ô죿
˶Ҳ֪һЩĻҲǰľԺڰЩ
Ҿȥһȡ÷ĬΣͻȻˡ
ǣ
˶ɫһ䣬𾪲ѡ
ڰǹϵȫΣյĺڰȻ֣ǺĳԱӰȥ٣ȫ䡣
ҲǸһֱ޷ײڰԭֻܲڰķ֧
磬Ͷڰ֯
÷ȴҪȣܲ˶𾪣
һսƱػȫǰսһЩ
÷о˸һһҪȥЩˣӶǰöԲߡ֮⣬뿴Ǹĺӵعжôǿ󡣵ȻлĻҲ⽫°ߣ
Ҹһȥ˶ǰһ
á
÷ܸɴͬˣ֮⣬ð²˺¬ⳤһȥ
ৣ
֣˶ɫٴһ䡣
÷е˷ֱǺڰĴϺͶϣʵ÷֮£ֵǿ۷ǿ֮һ
÷ҪŰ²ˡ¬һȥڽڰ۷ս˹ȥڰжԹҲ޾壡

·˹λŷ޽紦һڵкڵλޣĻŷ޵һ֡
͵÷źڰϺ˶һͬǰȣۿطһսͬʱ·˹һ߱
һ׷ԲԵߣ鷿һӵ鼮
һĸһ߿Ź顣
ǱŷģԵʱĳ鱨Ա֣֮ϸ˵ʱκһЩء
顪
Ƭ̺鷿ű졣

׷߷¹飬Ȼ̧ͷ
֨
ӦһĸŮ˽
һͷɫĶ̷һű׼Ĺͦ촽Ժһ˫ɫĴ۾ÿ
źɫƤƤ£һ˫ɫѥӡ
ɫݣԸ˵س˳
һƯŮˣߵĿ⡢Ůˡ
ǰǣı顣
ıĮǿĮڶĮ·Ҫһ˾֮ǧ֮⡣
һУĳɳйء
ͨĺӲͬûͯ꣬û飬ûѡ
ڹȥʮֻ顣
䡣
鼮ԵؽʷʷһЩţżµ߼˼ά̵ܹʱڱϳһϢα
֮⣬ѧѴﵽ˾˵ս񾳺ڣɿ羳һս۷ǿߡ
¶дա
츳
ǿĵơ
߹Ĺ⻷
ǽ֯С
ȣˡ
׷΢΢һЦŮӵĿһ簮ĸо
ʵȷˡ
֪ˣ֪ŮҲı
Ǳˣǽ֯Ļƶߴϯߣ
үү𣿡Щɻؿϯߡ
ȣ㲻һֱҲӴ𣿡
ϯ̾˿ȻҴһĻᡣ
үүȷ
ȵ۾ʱһ
Ϊ֯Сǿ鱨ͨ鱨˽Ķ̬
е˽⣬Դ鱨鼮һֱ·˹δ뿪
һֱܹ뿪·˹ȥؿǷ˽һ
š
ϯ߼״ͷȷϡ
һ롣
˫ɫ۾תȦȻһֺܿ϶үүȥȣۿǸطǿ˵֮սõǸطͬʱռЩ
ȣ֪Ϊʲôϲôֱӵһ˫ܹ͸ĵ۾
ϯ߿Цһ˵ûҪĻռǸط
үүΪʲôǸطôעѵΪȫѧķô
ЩɻѾֹϯߵطĸˡ
װȣһΣжˡ
ϯҡҡͷҹעΪӰḶ̌Ϊʱǣ

˲ľ
Ϊ
δԼүүһ˸ߵۺжϣ
ǰ¹˹ԼүүУҲֻʱ˳еһ˻


1260 ׷ǰ
ҹɫŨٸһƬľϡԿһЩŵƹ⣬а˹ķ䡣
Ϊ͢Ľ̻ʣ˹ķһСãÿ󲿷ʱ䶼
ʱڽôһЩǻῴ顢ڤ롣
Сøɪס
Ϊ͢ĴʿͻӶӳԭҪְǱ˹ʵѹһ㣬ʶҪְΪ˹
磬Ҫݼ˹ͨҪҵȻȥ㱨˹Ƿ˼档
ҹĻ£ӯĲ˹С
Ϊʱ̫Եʣûֱȥ˹ɪķſڣ˷š
֨
ɪţһȻһʱʿ񣬡ʥŮ¡
ɪˣ˵ͻս񾳺ˣϲ㡣
΢ЦϹأδ뷿䡣
СϸɪУףԲרġ
ллʥŮ¡
ɪʾлһҲġ
Ϊġ
ǰ죬صܵȥط磬ͼطط粢δ顣
ߵĴ֮֮
ͬطʵ
Ȼͻս񾳺ڣǽ͢һһˣȫһҲĴڣط֮Ĳȴȫѧʱڸˡ
ɪˣ̻ʱϢ𣿡
ԵĺѺף֮󣬰һתٴοʵ
ʥŮ£ҸղŴĽ·ʱڿ飬Ӧûûнڤ룬Ҫô
ɪǸӦȻһԼðʵ⡣
ǵģ鷳ɪ˰ͨһллȻĻӡ֤ɪжϡ
õģʥŮ£Եȡ
ɪ˵ͷȻ߳䣬ֱСȥ
ӺɪС߳ٴλصԼķſڣ԰ʥŮ£̻ʱȥ
лл㣬ɪˡ
ٴεлȻ󲻵ɪӦֱת뿪
Ȼ
ת˲䣬ɪŰıӰĿ⼫Ϊӣп̹ĵĺ⣬еŭ⣬Ҳ塢Ұġ
δһ㣬ܿر߽Сã̻˹񣺡̻ʱ¡
ôңô˹ЩɻؿŰ
̻ʱ£ȥһȡЩε˵⡣
ʱ򣬱֪طҪ֮ս飬ȻֱڲҪȥȵľ
ȥĿûطսɣ
˹̲סЦˣȻ󲻵Ȱش𣬱ʵϢʹˣΪʲôڲأ
ҡҡ
ϵθŨ֪ν͡
ûеһʱ˹Ϊǰط˱Ÿ
׼ȷ˵ٴطƨɣƣҲ
һ£ĺ֮֮ս˳Ӧĵĺǰȡ
˵ʵҶû뵽㾹ȻΪܹһĶġ
˹״Щͬ鰲˵䣬ŰԴҸһȥ
ҲҪȥ
ȻһҪȥΪվ̨𣿡
֮ս̸վ̨վ̨ȥĻʾҽܲɷõʱ˵ǽ͢ѣֻ˵˵ѡ
˹ЦҡҡͷȻһǵȻҪǣһսش󣬽ֱ䶯ĿʼӦó
һ£ȫһͷ⣺ѵѾӰ쵽ֵı䶯ô
ǵġ
ǸһʼΪɪ࣬ΪɪǿĻ꣬Ѿɪ˦ȥ˼ʮ֣Ҳϵشµľϲ

Ӣ׶
μӻĹոջصԼסδüһˮݿ鷿
ףɻЩءݿЩƵ˵
Ϊ˲һ磡
װݿ㿴ȥе㲻أΪ̫ô
ݿȤ
ߡ
ݿغһǻӦҲڱʾ顣
װݿ֪һ磬Ҳμֺ֮๲̸ͣһЩ飬ԻЩ
ЦŽͣȻ󰲸ˣҪˡͬȥȻô
ô֪Ϊ飿ݿһ
ݿϸһ룬ڹȥʱ䣬Ϊط飬ҹô
һΣֵˣһӵ۵ı飬Ͳָݿı˵Ů仰ˡ

ݿԶԣΡ
װݿͬϴһ³һȥ
״̲סЦˣȻţ㵽֮󣬼ǵôʺãͬʱʾҺӢ֧֡
ףѵһҲô
ݿȵصɴ۾ӵ֪طҪ֮սʼڵطˡ
ս
ʤ
³ϸңһսطʤ
ڣն


1261 ӧ
峿ջʱҶһλྩɽĻ֯ܲǶŽƻġ
ط֮սϢĵڶ졣
ƴʦ˵ҪȥԹսСǸ֮սҶżɽʵ
š
ƻĵͷڵ֪Ϣһʱ
һ棬һսϵط˵ҲϵѧҫΪ֯ˡѧģȻҪΪطվ̨
һ棬طʵžģȴ˻սĻᣬطʲô
ƴʦҡҶϣȭ
ҶһΪʲô£ԭ
ƻԣЦһ绰˵һոһ㱨ͺãαһˣ
ҶĬǱƻĵغ͸м
ƻڻѧĵλҲмƻΪطһС
ΣЭ᳤ˣҪ
󣬲Ҷ˵ʲôͻȻӵ㱨
ʢˣ
ƻԣһµʢ⣬Цŵգȥӭһ
õģΡ
Ҷʾһ£Ȼ߳˷䡣
Ӻȥʢƻĵİ칫ص㡣
סҶȻҲڡ
ʢ֮ûиƻкû򣬶ǽĿͶҶ
ʦ
Ҷȭʢ
ΪͽҪ֮սɣ
ʢٴοڣûƻģ·ﵱԼİ칫ҡ
š
Ҷͷûһ㡣
᳤ΪҶ𣿡ʢ˵ʲôƻͻȻˡ
ôѵβô
ʢ˸ۣƻȫûؿԡ
ңҸݲ裬ߺȲġ
ƻĿЦʢͬʱˣǻѧͬʱţҲǾ֡
ʱʢ΢ƻһƻĺʵʢ˦˺棬Ϊ˻ѧġ
Դˣʢʼչڻ
ƻģҽ㣬һȥȸطСӼ
֮ʢݺò裬㿪żɽ˵⡣
ҪȥƻЩȡ
ֵ㾪ôʢü
ǻЭĻ᳤طΪͷͨϳĵģȥ𣿡ƻĿЦʵ
ȥΪʲôͲȥ
ʢܲȻƻûб̬ѾƻҪȥս
㲻Ҫˣҳǻ֯ĸˣȫѧ˵ϯطǰոռȫѧˣгֵȥۿһսƻԴǵ

ʢһͷߣȥҪ
ռ״æһ裺᳤Ȳ衣
ʢûգüƻģƻģĿȥ
ᣬû˼ҲûȨֹȥϾǻЭ᳤ƻҡҡͷ͡
Ȼ
һΣƻĽĻ˵꣬ʢֱӴϡ
ѵңȥĻĳЩ˻õ᳤
ʢЩ֮гŭ⣬ԲƻģԽطƳĵˣʵ˵ط类ϳҺܲõ᳤ȥĳЩ
ˣ
ƻ̾˿ʢľ֣Ҳѣ˴֮ǳϤ
֪ʢһرֱˣΪ˿ǵѧĴ֣Ըѧһ;ĳɾͣľֻЭĹþϹһ㶼Ϊ
ңʮһգ
ƻģ׿Ǹƨ᳤ݲ̸һߡ
ʢʣնһսط粻ΪԼսҲѧ磬˵ܲȥô
οҶӦüǵʮǰһսһսҶܸ̩ǸأǸ˸ϵѧҫݺݼ̤
˵ʢű̬ȣڹ˽һΣҶҪȥ
ãһȥΪС֤ѧҫ
ƻԣȰ˵ͬʢһͬǰ
ңкܶҪȥԼɡ
ʢҡҡͷȻӻͳһŷ⣬ŷ򿪣һֽֽд֡
ƻĽӹֽһɨȥȻݡ
֣ڤʦ
䵱ʦ
ţ޵
ٱȭ䶷

ƻķ֣ѧ磬˶üɺͲ黪ЭܵɽɡҺڣдɵȫҪǰȡ
ƻЩȣο
ΪѧŽеοҲΪطܹûѧֶ֧ο
ˡ
ʱյ˽ֻ
ΣɽɲԲĵ绰
óֻһʾĺ룬бҪƻĻ㱨һ
Ӱɡ
ƻһʶʲô
õģΡ
յͷȻƻĵָʾͨ绰ᡣ
䲿ǲԲ
һ̣Բͨߵ紫֯ȥȹۿС̩ǿ֮սô
ԲʦƻλǰôˣǸشȻʵ
֯Ƿ֯ѧɵһͬǰԲٴʵ
ԭû֯ɾӧҪһͬǰΪСʵ

绰ͷԲˬһЦ䲿ɽɡںͼң
á
һΡ
ղƻָʾİӦ
һ졣
ѧɼӧǰȹսΪǸһһκѧҫ񱻸ϳĵվ̨
һ졣
ط֮ս졣
һս
Ŀ


1262 ʲô
ȵڶʱط飬ȫѧ˾޴𶯣Ҳͨ˾޴Ĺע顣
̩ý֮⣬һЩҵýҲ׷׶½˱
Ϊǰ죬ٸԽ̻͢˹ӢȺڲɷгطΪѣȶȺܸߡ
֮⣬һսýȾɻѧ̩ȭĶԾ
пŵп֣һսδ죬㱻ĿӰǰ
ʱ֣ྩڴã֮ͣ󣬳ֱö¥ྩͶ޹˾
ҹ˾³ãڹڽγ˾޴ĺ䶯
ΪĴʼѩ㣬λΪȫ̽Ů¹ҴС㡣
ҹ˾֣Ҳߺ塣
磬ط硣
У¡
ҪطͬУ̤¡
칫ѩ֪Ҫصڲǰȴš
㵹Ǻˡ
ͽ֮󣬿ѩڲǰԵһЦ
ΪѩطδޣȺԺӵһ㶼ƺѩΪ
ʲô裿衢̲軹ǰײ裿ѩʡ
ɣСҰǸӰ죬ΪҶãЩζһֱû䡣ʹֵѩĶ档
ֿɲǱǻ֪ĺ춥ˡѩҡҡͷ
ѵһҲϴôûнӻЩɻʵ
ΪʲôҪأѩ㷴ʡ

һ±ƣطҪսˣѵӦõô
ΪĺֵܣӦ˽ȻӦսǱȻʤ
ѩٴοڣڻӦͣҲԴ
󣬾ϴһսʤҲӦõȥҪ֪ѧ綼ȥˣôܲȥأ
ٴʵҲѩĿġ
ԭȺԺСԼȻ¾һͬǰΪطͬʱ֪ѩ㣬ѩ㷴ԡ
ǲȥѩҡͷ̬ȼ
Ϊʲô
ʹɰʵףǷ·ѩ˵ʵɣͲˡ
һǶ壬ǲȥҲ֪֧ҲǱ䣬һ飬֧֡
ڶŻͷͨͷϳģǰȥ֧ץסǵСӡ
˵ѩ㿴ǿҿڵûͿڵĻᣬ֪ǶںںΪȥȿ䣬ˣ
ҲҪһ㡣֪Ķ֮һ
仰˵һսͺ䶯ԶԶǵ
ҿԱ֤ȫǰȹۿһսҲĵˡһҺȥȵĻȥ鷳
һҪǶԸô죿һŭΪգΪֵ߲嵶
ٴγĬˡ
ѩ˵ǰɣû˵
ԵɣԶԡ
ѡֵܣÿҪһ෴ҪԷ鷳ȻڶԷҪʱ򣬵һͦ
ΪطֵܣȻԼȺСطȥ鷳
Գô
ĬЩķңʶọ́Ȼʶʲô
ྩڽ̣ҵİ칫ҸˣΥ档
ѩЦЦóͺƣҲΪԼһȺ֧֡׷ֵܶеġ
ѵǾؿţʲôôͺݺ˼̣Ȼʮơ
˭˵ģѩ㷴ʡ
ʲô
һ͵̣һڴؿѩ㡣
֪αĵߣΪ̩߼巢˳ͻ߼Ļ߼ţαȶȣһ̣Ҳޡ
ѩЦգգ۾һֻƻĺꡣ
ոڵģ뱬ׯ
֪Ϊ̫ߣ̫͵ֱ̣ӱ˾ֿڡ
ѩһƽضһ裬ϵЦݵȻ޴棬Ŀ
Ҫ߼۱

Сʱ
ȣҽԺ
Ĳ¡ߣVIPź
ϰ壬Ŀǰ̿ڵͶעѾһ𣡡
㱨֮𾪡
ǿһ𰡡
ʵʵֽ
ǻ߼ţڶʱóһֽ𣬶һ׵飬ҪѺܰ쵽
ôࣿҲЩȡ
ǵģϰ塣
ͷҪͶעʽԻģߴʮ𣬶ȫĻطʤ

ٴĻǵʧķһشЦֱЦǣ˿ڣͣ
ƺʮѾĿڴ
̿ڿĵڶ죡
ţȵ̿ڽֹʱطʤͶעԻᳬ
𡭡
룬ǶԻ߼ź߼ԣǼΪֲģ
Ҳţ¹ڼĵλֱĸһѡΪδĽӰˣ
ϰ壬̫Ͷ۹ˣ״æһƨ

̲סٴЦȻҲɵòõһʷĽ𡣡
ллϰ塣
ЩصлǸо·Ѿ˴ѵĳƱ֣ȴû뵽һ㡣
һطʤô죿
߼Žһıо޶⸶
ѹûȥһ㡣
߼壬ͨ·ϣٳ̡


1263 Ƽ
طϢĵ죬ȺȣȸߵƵ걬ͷ洦ɼ̩ȭͻѧPKΧһʱ
̻˹ŰҲˡ
Ǳ̩־߹ǽӴûסְ̩ŵɽׯסƵꡣ
ǰǿҪġ
һΣϣǰط磬סƵ꣬һھƵط繲͡
û뵽㻹һɵˡסƵͳ׷֮󣬽̻˹ЦŴȤ
̻ʱ£˵ʲô
һɫĳۣʥĸվڴߣŲԶϺӣû˹ĵ٩ĵ̾˿
˹ִ֮󣬱㳢ϵط磬طĵ绰޷ͨ
˭˵أҲڱչҲһΪ֪ĵط
˹һθƼвĵжԣ֮ս֮ǰ벻
Ҳǡ
Ͽ˹жϣȻԺﲻֳһ¥ط繲͵Σ겻ѡ
̶ʮ֮ڣȣΪһˡ
ǰ붼飡
밲һݿҲΪط磬ʮ֮ȣҲסϴ齵İ뵺Ƶꡣ
£һˣΪʲôϵأ
ݿһͬǰ³ϣݿ͵ʱʳеɻ
³ϴʦڻôݿ΢Цʡ
Ҳԣĵж̫ˣһα䣬ô֪ЩħֻҪ
³ϵݿ֮˵ͷȻ뵽ʲô˵ѧΪ֧һЩħˣҲΣա
ķΪһ顣
ݿһ֮̾гŲ
޷󣬻ĵĳЩҪԲе̶ֳȣŻὫǸһıһҹ˸ϳġ
£ҵõϢε鲢ǻĵģǻѧԷΪ³ԥһ˵
ǡˡݿԳһЦ
Ȼ֪ĵΪʲôҪԻѧԣӢۡ³ֲҲǻѧԷ֧ԭ򡣡
ҲеӢۡ
ݿرܵ˵
ϧܳΪӢӢۡ
³ϧȻʶԼ仰ܻݿģͼ˵ʲôݿ˴ߣֽߵĻ˻ȥ
ͬʱһܻĲA350׼ʱȻ
ֵܹˣÿģü
ɻϣһɫĵ䣬Ǵ˼Ѫһ㼤˵ǲҹǣȴֵܻǸǷɡ
£뵽ϴྩط硢ʹȥҹΣ죬ɵЦţɵӡ
ৣ
ĻһԵӥԶûпǲԶķʦŭĿ䣬Ǹо·˵СٸҸƽ䣬ҴĹȣ
˷ʦĿ⣬δ⣬ǳӥͼԵôûӦ
һУﶼʲôлзô
ԣ㶮ƨзСһġ
ΪֻҪŬУܹпһսĻᣬֻܳΪˡ
ӥ̾˿ȻܾطûмˣҲ϶˵طһУ֪ԼطʵԽԽˡ
ֻǻڣطѾԻɱ۷ʦˣ
ӥǱҪϣЩûȵģֵܣѧ֮·ϼֱһ
ٴοڣԭͶȤǺܴ󣬿úܿ
һΣӥͼԶûпĬĻ

䡢Ժӥ˵ĶԻЩɵţһ㱩Ƕ޷طȣǾ͸˵ˡ
֮⣬Ҳܺһ㣺Ǹôģ
ûд𰸡
󣬵ȷɻ֮ͣͷȲա
ƻĺ͸ɵͷȲա
֮⣬Ҷˡ
Ҷ岻㣬طʦӦͷȲա
Ȼѧ籲ֱ΢طˣҸ˴λѧ֮еһаţʳסС
ΣҸղϵС磬ĵ绰ǴͨͷȲգƻ㱨
пܶһϵпڱչأǲҪϵˣֱȥص㡣ƻָʾ
ǣΡ
յһʱ
һԵһ
ԭΪִ֮󣬱ܼط磬ȴû뵽Ҫһ졣
̶һ죬ԣһּ尾

ͬʱ
Ϊ֯Сȣһ˵ͬ£Ҳȡ
סȵһҲ۵޾Ƶꡣ
͢Ӣҡѧ硢ڰᡭ
Ƶķȿµ鱨Ϣˣȴδأ


1264 
ģǸһ޼ʵĺһɫĹԣۼ
߼СȻͣͷ念Ͳ鿨˻ûлȣǺءĪмȴϢ
ѧѾִˡ
һӵʱһĵӣһػ㱨
Ȼѧ˵ˣҲóˡ
صͷš
һֱٳٲΪľǵȻѧ˵Ӷﵽ˵ĿġһսƵ
صĻ£˷׷
ѧͷﶼˣ֮кü궼үү°ܽɲǰӣʧǼ͹̩ȭ硣
Īһߣһ߿ڳԼĶѵ
İɣףһᵱүүȺ°ܽ棬Ǹлطģٴνѧڽ£
һЦ⣬ԣطֱͬϵ⣬׸
ڰܡ
ѹû
ʮ֮ش˵֣ê𺽡
Īǵ֮󣬸һȥѧЩˡ
ڰλϣĪ˵
үүȥһѧ˸ʲôЩ⡣
鱨ʾĸҵ°ܽˣջĵڣӦþ֮꣬ô
΢΢һЦοѧμ㳲ҪǣǸطսԼ˫ǲΪ˶ڸԤ
ôΪѧԶĳ裡
ĪЦһ֪شԼȥΪˡ°ܽҲΪ˴컪ѧʿΪ̩ѧ͹̩ȭվ̨
غЦͷûٶ˵
ĸСʱʻȸۡ
ͷϣ߼׼˹˹Ӱ
شĪ˳һֱǰƻĵסĲɭƵꡣ
ɭƵһǼľƵ꣬λƫʩһֻǱȰ뵺Ƶꡢ֪ǼƵԲһЩ
ԭƻǴ㶩ǼƵģڶ̫ˣȵǼƵ꼸ȫסˡ
һСʱ߼˾͵˲ɭƵſڡ
³߽Ƶ꣬Ƶþһʱӭ΢ЦʵãסƵ꣬ˣ
ƻĸ䣿
ͳʵ֮۶ƻģǴþû˿ء
ţ
ƵϢֱƻĵ֣ü
Բǲṩ˵Ϣҿ˵ĻֱӸϵ
ͬʱƵһȻӦ
Ȼ
Ļ˵꣬㱻ϡ

ֻ˵һ֣ɱⶸȻͷţŵþƵֱɫ԰׵̱˵ϡ
ԴˣغĪ˶ûֹ
УӦǻѧˡƻģ
ǲĿ⣬䶢䣬ŵʵ
֮ѧϰģΪսѧʱʧܸգصδɵ飬׼гһ̤ϻĵأɨѧ硣
̩Уʶô⣬ʲôֱƻĴʦ֣
ԭͶֱƻĵЩˬ˿̿קøһ̬·˸ۡ

ȻĻɫһ䣬ɱһһΣ˲˵ǰҪ˳Ƹһơ
Ҫ֡
ʱؿֹ
ĪƻΪ׵ĻѧˣȻǱΪ̩ѧ͹̩ȭվ̨ĿĶҲ֪Իѧ˳֣пܻŭ
ٸҶҲһ㣡
ͣǰ
̩Уԣ
Ȼʵˣһ޾壬ܵѧסĲɭƵɱˡ
οǿӣĸңҲԲ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬¾Ҫ֡
Ȼ
ʱһȻ
أܽĺô
ƻͻȻӵݿֹ߳
ৡ
ƻĵĳ֣ءĪЩŭԼͬؽĿͶƻġ
Ȼ嶯һЩǸСе̬Ȳ̫Ѻã˵Щſ񡣡
ޱػӦţȻƻģʮ겻ѳΪȫѧ˵ϯ˵ֻѾ񾳣Ⱑϲˡ
ص֮Ȼ˵ŹϲǱ飬Ǿٶûб˼֮жƻû˿ء
ǡлл
ƻĵһЦһһʣĺʲô
ǻо仰о֮꣬ΪѵӦôοͬʱľ֣һй䣿
ƤЦⲻЦἰ֮ս˵еĿģ֮⣬㡣Σ㼸ŻѧиȣⲢǿӰ͸Ԥ䡣
ģֻսġƻͣ½ŲƽػӦ
ʢֿڤ䵱ʦΪı֣ҺǴк
ٴοڣƻ֮⣬껹˸ղ˵ˡ
ǾǸˣ
һΣƻĿڻӦ뵽ʲôʶʵȻĿͶû´ĻҪҴֵ֮ܽս˰ɣ
ǣ˵ʲôü䡣
ǰҺΪʬ峬ȣ̩вԸĻԸ͡
ЦһΪҼҴֵܶԴˣʴȣſĻɫԻᱻһ࣡


1265 ط
ĻüĿ֮ŭŨӿֳŨҵɱ⡣
Ȼ
һ˲䣬ƽ
һ棬ܡҲ޷ƻĵ涯֡
һ棬뵽Լүүص--һսҪԡ赭дķʽط磬ѧڽ£͹̩ȭ
ǡ
ƽ伥һЦһֻ
̩Укܶô˵Ƕˡ
Ǻǡ
ЦһٲȻһƱҪط̬
ˣ
һĻ䣬ƻģвԼͬжϡ
أרǻѧԤı䣬ڰһˡΪǻѧ粻飬طҲ顣
ƻûٸѿ֮ĻᣬٴοأӦ̩ѧǻѧλʦӦôֵ̩ˣǰ䣬Եʽ
Ȼֻܸˣûʲô壬ϾǼѾȥʮˣô
ţ
ƻĵĻ£ءĪ˶ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ƕƻĵ֮
شʦҪƻĴʦٱһ
ͬƻĵ֮ƻǿơеˬ´̼
ƻģĿģҪѣǿȻ̬ˣҾûʲôɵĵˣ
ͳػһ䣬Ȼ󲻵ƻĻػĪȥ
٣ǸļһҲɱҴֵܣֱǳ˵λҴֵܻ
Ŀȥٴοڣ˿ûѹ
ƻûнӻȻ󿴵Ųһ٣ͷݺݵصһۣеɱû˿Ρ
ôװXأΪɱˣ
Ȼ壬ߵȲ뿴ֵֽܳǻˣҲֵ֪
һΣû˵ʲôǰԾһҪķʽط򱬣ݺƻġڵĻѧʿ

ͬʱ
̩ǰסغ
ºں´Ĵ
֪طҪ֮ս󣬱񣬵һʱ䷵ȡ
ȻѾ˷㣬ºûò͵˼ʱʱὫĿͶԶҡ
طԴ֮󣬱ұչأֱڶûг
ϴ߱չؿɲԿʱ䣿ͻȻʵ
һ˵߱չػһ˿ʶӦ綯ʱİգҲһʱ䡣
ʲô
ڱչصʱѾõġ˺һ״̬ȫȻΪһ壬ǱʱţһУеڸȻѧ档͡

ü
ڵ޷أ״̲סʵ
š
µͷһսĿѧĴＸˣҶΪҪΪչʱĻһ¡
صĻܷ
˵뵽ʲôٴʵ
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ȻˣǾ͵Լذɡ
ԣһȫ˻طͷ
ͬʱ
طϥһϣѪӿɢաȵϢһȼյĻ¯
˿̣غԽȭתط͹̩ȭĽղطںϡ
ǰãͷغطںϣױȵսɹֵ˺ڰɭˣһɭش
һսĵ㳢ٴνطںϣһϣֻɹںһΣ·ɺһ㡣
Ȼ
ط粢ΪһɺϣΪԼûеİأʶٴαչоԡ
Ȼ֮ս֮ǰôѹ
෴ԼԺɨȫѧһЩǿˣ
ʵͶ֮սĲɱĵҲһ޵еġ
֮볹սطİΪ֪һսƱؽڰڵĸ
һ£ڲ֪ѧΪ㳲ǰ£ΪԼ֮սҲҪдսҶһ۷ǿߡ
һ򲽽֮ս󣬺ڰ֣ȫصƱػͬһȺð
Щô֪꣬Ǻĸҡĸйϵ
ߣԭʲô
֪
֪Ӳĵ
Ψǿſʧȥ֯ͻɽǰ£¼㡣
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ԣ⣿
һγʧܹطͣȻ˳˼
˰Сʱ֮ſʼٴγԡ
һһγԣһһ˼ط·ҵ״̬
ʱڷɿţ֪طȻûгأºЩסˡ
شʦ

ڣʮ㣬͵ºתʱط߳Ⱥվʺá
Уؾط֮ǰͬˣϸӦطѧ粢δͻơ
ʮɻ
ط罫ɻûгڽͣʵʲô
ĿǰԼ֮սʱ仹Сʱ·ɿش
ָ֪ĿǰʲôΣЩط˵
һսȫҪҺƻĴʦҶʦͻѧɵŶһȣΪЩ˵
һ˵ı䣬һҵѧ㳲ڻȫѧʷ϶Ϊ
Ŷ
طԣһȻһůʵǱʲô
ݰ̳Ϣ֮սִȡ
ٴ㱨߼صΪζսһ̿ڣʤ1:3ʤ1:1.3֮ǰҺѾʽȫѺʤ֮⣬δ޺ȻҲ˷Ͷע
ߣȥɱ
طԣһȻֱ̣


1266 ǰķ
ʮӵʱ򣬾ܾطԼ֮սʱ仹СʱԴʹΪ߷ֿϺɽ˺
Ϊάֳ򣬷ֲֹ̤¼Ⱦ̩Ҳ˴֧֣ʮһڣڵĵطȫ˾ߡ
ȺдֵȱȫصοͣҲдȫظ鱨عԱߡ
ԴʹĺӰȦһ鳤ԼΪһ׵ĿյأյϴһʱĿ̨̨ܹߡ
ֳΨһĹۿ̨塢߼̩һЩｫۿ
ѧְ̩˴ʹĺӶ԰ûп̨ȫվŹۿ䡣
ⳡ̿𣿡
˰ϧ̫ˣֻ1.3
1.3ˣϾӮģ֪̩һߣүү̩ѧսѧ磬˺ܶ൱ʱĻѧţ

ȺУһЩ̩صˣ̩ｻţǸо·Ǯһǽһ˸߲ҡ
̩ҲѺ̿ڣǸǶ̩ѧ֧֣ͶעֻһͷӮǮں
̩ˣһЩȫصοͣҲѺⳡ̿ڡ
̩ܵýӰͲοʣһߵѹʤ
ο;󲿷ֶѺطʤҲһЩ̰ͼС׬ǮˣΪһӬͷСѡѹ
ȺһһǴ˼Ѫһʲôأ
ѧڵΧЩ̩˸߲ҵۣ̲סһפ̩ʹݵʵ
̸ⳡ̿ڣΪ̩Ǹ߱ʤԼӮǮԱ̩ǳã¸˷롣
Ⱥ׳գǰѿУ
ʹݹԱĻشһȻΧЩ̩ˣöһȺɵӡ
ǣǸط緢ͻ߼壬ξҪѪЦ
죬ǵִȣ֪طΪ߼巢˳ͻӶⳡ֮ս߼Ϊһսʤ̿ڣҲ޶Ͷע
һ£ڼԵǿҪ£޳һʱԼΧ壬ֱӽܹʽȫͶעطʤ
һͷѧҲ׷Ч¡
ѧȻΪΧвҵ
ǵĲҵ඼βҵ¡䵱ɽľβҵȣֵһᡣ
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ʮʱ򣬲¡ߵֳִһ˹ϯ
ϣʯ࣬ڵһţĿ
ϰ壬ĿǰͶעѾͶעүʤֻʮ𣬴඼̩صһЩ̽ࡣ
кΪΧЩĿ⣬ɫЩÿæһƨͶעطʤĸߴ𣬶һԻģҪ׬ˣһҵ
ǡ
ƨµüͷɿϵЦͬЩͶעڵ飬޷Ρ
ΪǮѾ˻߼ţ
ǿ𰡡
Ƕ߼ͳ̩Ҳһʿµľ޿൱һˣ
һҵ׬ȡһζʲô
ζţ߼ĵλһɳ죬δ̳˵ľдھƣ
ϰ壬ھ俪ʼһСʱҪر̿ôٴʵ
ΪʲôҪرأһĳЩĴҪͶעأ̿ڵ׬ǮٶȿɱӡӡҪ죡
¡һֿ׳յĿ⿴һۣѵ
ϰ˵öԣҺͿ
ٺɵЦţ֪ǧѷ׬Ǯ᣿
ֻüӵطʽٴĲµƨòϸгɾ͸УӶȡò°ˡ
ʮһʱ򣬲鿨̩һЩҪ׷˱ֳ׷׶Բ˵ʾ˹ģҶԲα俪̿ڵҵ͡

ͬʱ
ʹԶĻʼҾƵꡣ
ҾƵǾʹһǼƵ꣬Ƶ궥¥ӵһξȣ˿ھһߺȾ죬һϺӺʹʹľɫ
ΪһУҾƵķۺ;ȵѼ۸Ϊ
ȻİֻͨˣǮ˶ԣ㲻ʲôиżȾٰۻ䡣
磬ȱ㱻һظ۸Ϊһ𣬶зԱ뿪ȡ
ʮһʱһͷɫ̷ȣһ˶װһڼҴŮһھȿҰõһλãǰһȡ
ֻһˡ
վھſڣ䵱žȹԱĽɫҪȵ˱ͨ˵ļͬ⡣
ʮһ֣÷˶ͺڰϰ²˺¬˾ſڡ
÷ӭǡȵ΢Ц˵
մʦǽ֯ռ鱨һס÷ػӦš
ȵ֪÷ˣ÷Ҳһʱϳλˡ
ա
Ϊȫ鱨֯ĺĳԱ֮һѾ˾Ļ󣬵ʵǿ󵽿£Ѿʮδˡ
÷֮˵֯ռ鱨һףΪǿ߶ԣҾǹۿطѿ̨
ǿƾԶ˵ؿֳһУﻷšʡ
һ£ȫ򶥼ͶǿߣһѡҾȹۿ䣬ӶϢ¶֯˵ȸ׼ȷһЩ
ҼС⡣
ЦЦȻؿһ˶ѵ÷壬ҼСһϲˣϣǽȥҪҲĻҲὫǸϳȥ
㡭˵ʲô
ȻյĻ÷Ӧ˶ɫȻһ䡣
Ȼ֪Էǽ֯ˣͺڰᲢ½֯
ˣҾȱҼСˡ
΢΢۾ңǲΨһĿˡţֲٿˡ
õģմʦǱ֤Ž֯С
÷һæӦӿ
Ϊյ˼
죬֮⣬Ҫ
ܹ֯ɿ˵ģͷСضĴ


1267 ծ
÷Ļû˵ʲôһơ
÷ݸ˶һʾ˶һЩȻ߽ȡ
÷ʦӭǡ
ȿ÷˽δӭӣֻ΢ЦŻӭ
֯СƯ÷΢Ц޵
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΢ЦŸлȻͷԼĿȡ
÷״ʶȤû˵ʲôֱӴ˶²˺¬˸λ¡
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ţ
ˣ÷塢²ˡ¬˶˵ͫ˲
ΪǶһʱϳˡ
ձ̻ʣ
̻ʣӭ
ͬʱٴ΢ЦŶ̻ʱʾ˻ӭ
үүϯʺã˵һӭձơ̻ޱ˵
õġȵͷ
̻ʼ״ɨ÷һۣȻһλ
ܿģˡ
ˣһһ١
Ű׺ӣȥЩ̬ϸĻᷢߺ桢Ŀ⾼񣬼ⷢ³ĸо
ԵˣһͷɫĶ̷߳ף߸ӵĿ࣬վһһ㣬˼ߵѹȸС
ţ
ˣ÷塢²ˡ¬˶ɫʱˡ
ΪľǿߡзŶǶ޸֯ľԺĳԱ
޸֯ʷԶȺڰƾãѾϰˣ˵Ⱥ͵սʮ겻֪Ϊ
ˣڰҲ޷ͷ
ȣĸʱҪ
֮ͬǰĿһзȴк˵ʱ¶ݣѩ״ۣɭı飬˿ֲĸо
зʦлл
ϵЦ֮ǰһޣδĸ˱ֵòͬ
£һ飬ؿ
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͵зͿ֮󣬵Ĳ˵ˣͬˣͬһһ٣ȴþ˵ɫ΢΢һ䡣
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Ȼ̿ǱȽ֯ҪϵҳΣԣȲδϣֻǶԴ̿ôеЩȰˡ
ϯһĴ˰
ɭ΢΢һЦЦݸɭһַ}ĸо
£ɭɨһ۾ˣȻ޳꣬ھһλá
һŰ𪵽̬ӣ³Ϣ
ϢЩӦûбֳûȥԷֻǰؿŹ顣
үүӦòпˣŰɡ
ʮһʮֵʱȺ˹飬ſں
õģС㡣
ӦȻϾȵţߵȵԡ
С㣬Ϊⳡ˭ʤ
̿ڴ˾ȵĳĬڳʵ
֯鱨ѡ
ĵؽſȣûһۡ
̿˴ȱǮ
΢ЦӦЦͬɭһ䡣
ǾͲ̸ǮҶҵıꡣ
ȵһĿͶ꣬ȻĿɨˣϾҴϻȡ鱨үүҵһ񡣡
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬˶ĿͶȣȴȵĻӦһƬž

Ӻ
ϺӰߵĹϯ
ϡϰ壬ոսӵϢղ޶ͶעȫͶעطʤҶԻģ
źٴµԣѹ㱨Щƺŵˡ
޶Ƕ٣
۷ŹʵȫĻ
塭ڡ𣡡
˿ĭػص

ȻֵĻش𣬲һ㶣̲סЦ
һ̣·𿴵˰߼ǰĽɽɽȴ֪߼ѳΪ˱Ϸֵĵ⡣
ֻھ˵仰
طʤүү˵ġ
ϲ߼Ϊǵծ˵ġ


1268 ˷ָ
µ쳣Ӧ˰鿨̩Ĺע˲鿨֮⣬˶֪ʲôԵЩ档
飬ȻһȣȴΪ׬˰𣬶һĿ㱻򱬣˵ǲҪллأ
ûΧЩĴǽĿͶӶ԰ĻѧӪаЦͬʱڴ価쿪ʼ
شʦĪʦʦ
ʱһ߰ͨ豸쳹Ϻúܶ˶ˡ
ৡ
ԭֵıֳ˲ԼͬؽĿͶʹԵĺӰߣȻءĪˣ߼峤念ͬ£һ˹˹Ӱ¡
شʦĪʦʦ念
һĻ˲֮⣬ϯ˶Լͬվ˴кʺá
ԴˣءĪ念΢΢ͷǻӦ
ǽĿͶӶ԰Ļѧڵ򣬷·ѰطӰ
鿨ĳӻûôܿ죬ջĿ⣬鿨ʵ
ʦѧڵǵˣδֻطִ鿨Ӧʮֿ
߼鷳һΪ߼׬ȡһʾ޿
οǿ˺δ峤ڶѡ
һ£ȻǰڼӣҪء
үүףҵеӡ
鿨ĻشδڹϯλϣǳءĪ˵
ȥɡ
Īͷͬ
ಣ
ԣٷϻһֱԾС

Ҫʲô
ľٶΧһ󾪺׷̲סаԼ
žžž
һ̣𰸽
£̤棬ͬһˮͧһ㣬ٳ룬ٶȼ죬ͨ˸޷Ӱֻܿһˮ

һĻʱøղſЩɵˣ֮еͨ˷׷׵ɴ۾·𲻸һġ
ʲô
Щûпӵˣһضź档
ܿ죬ˮɢͣ˽Ųںϣ˵
찡Ȼˮվ
վղղź嵽ġ
ԭпԷ߱ںˮƯˣ

ȺУЩѧͨ˿һĻ׾ˡ
һĻ׵߸Ƕ֪
׼ȷ˵ǵ߸ţٶɣ
ȶԣȫصҪöࡣ
ΪǶ֪ʦˮƯΪǿˣһ㲢ֵôС֡
֮޷һ㣬ƾʲôطս
ϣûڵȺľֱϥ˺ϣͬһŷһ㣬ǵû³Ҳûбˮƶ
ϵ۰ôģ
һĻٴЩͨ𾪲ѣֳҲ˲ﵽ˵һ߳
ûд𰸣ǽʾ֭Ҳ޷һôƽȵںϡ
һƽ
ΪǶ֪ưʵ˫Žżˮлֻٶ̫죬һֹĴ
𾪹󣬲ͨڷ׷ʶʲôȿֺóֻաСƵ罻ýϣҾǲͼĽϵķʽһһš
һеʱʱѾȥʮӣԼʱ䡪ʮ㣬ʮӡ
ʮӾ͵ʮˣǸôû
ȺУһ󺺳Ŵɤź
ǰôû
ŵò˰ɣ
ҹǣ㿴ǵˮϷɣǸҲǱذܣ粻

󺺵Ļʱһֵ飬Ľط绹᲻в˶۵Ϊط粻ˡ
ǣһЩߣҲΪط絽ʱûпսˡ
ৣ
ЩڵۣϣͻȻ˫ۣĿ絶һɨѧڵ
ĳأ
Ȼڣ˵ͬһը죬쳹ʡ
䣬ȫ
еһͺѹȥ
̩Уʱ仹û㼱ʲôôżô
ܿ죬ȺдӦ䡣
ͬһҲͬ˵ܴ󣬲һĹȻ
ͷʦȻվڻѧԵźӱߣԿ
УҿұȻȻ
˲佫ĿͶ䣬ɱŨ
Կ϶ֻҪȥƱػὫɱ
䣬Ҫ嶯
ʦæѣѴƻ֪췢ͻ飬һȣºȥԡǺûʲô
ѾʶʵȻ֪һ㣬ûлӦֻһս˫ȭصҪżֵܺܿͻˣ
ǡſڱտֵܣûȳ
һЦֻһָͷţһָͷܴ㣡
㡭
䲪Ȼŭ
죡
Ȼ
һΣ佫Ļ˵ڣٴαʦϣҷʦһѽקȺ棬ִ
ǡųֻһָͷң
״ЦѣȻתĿ⣬ĿƻϣĿζǸղǾ仰ֻһָͷһ˸һս


1269 ط絽ˣ
£ϥںϣһٴοڣŻѧ磬ͬףþòɢ
˻
ԣ
ƣ䡢ӥͼڣѧЩǣоõ˫ȭգ޲ºȥ
Ȼ
֮ûһ˸Ӧս
ΪǶʵԶԶ֮ϣֻһָҲܹģӦս³ֻһ
ֻһָͷǿɸһս
ͬʱЩ̩ڣߣֻѪڣ
һ£һţѧһʦɫЩѿ
Ϊڻѧͷƫƫʲôˣ
ѧ翴ֻͽһų򡢷
ۿ˸ӦսٴЦŵ˼㡣
ų򣡡

ѧ
Ļ£Щ̩ڸӼˣٴƱ֮ǰΪֲ
Сһ̩ѧһǿţطǻѧǿš
ʱƻĿˣ赭дһ仰ȴѹȥԺط罫һս㼴軪ѧ磬ҲҪȵսʤط֮󡣷ܸط磬ǺΣʱᶪ̩ѧ棬ô
̩Уط˵ģ
ƾղŵĻطԻ
ƻһڣҵĹǣ׷׿ڻػ
٣ԼʱϾҪˣĳӻû֣֪Ҳҳ֣
ϣһЦӦˣҾٵһᡣҳ֣ҵҪ㻹˵ʲô
ãĿԴ
һΣƻĲ˿ڣȿڣֹ˫Ŀˮս
Ǹطô
󣬳ֺͣ˻ѧ֮⣬Ϻսˣ̲סаԼ
ͬʱɭƵꡣ
ȣط絽ڻû֣ǵǮˮƯ˰ɣ
Ǹһ𪲡̬Ĵ̿ǿˡϣʵ
ӿȵһ֮󣬱ȲŨȤ
Ѿڶˡ
һΣѯȣط֮ս˭ʤȸ𰸣˵үүϯ˵ģӶ巽ԵһͶעط֮ս̿ڡ
ǸĺӲֵĻһս͵ˣʱǾͲ߼ծˣǸǰװǮ˶Ҳ̲סˣͼѰҴڸС
û
ǴڸУ
ڰȻΪȫǿĵڳ˶ûа÷˵¡ûڸеһ
ϸоǸطϣ;Բʳô׳յ⡣
ɫƽػӦܲ
ৣ
˶ɫʱͱˡ
÷˱ҲͰˣ˿̾Ȼȳˡ
ܲˬ
ҲüͷһܿɿЦŵһսҪطϣϾǽ֯ôģүүڹע
һΣûпڣֻǽĿͶԶıֳ
ˣǸطӦòˣ
ʮһʮֵʱԭıֳٴδһжϡ
Ӧãǿ϶
ǸطӦսʱôǿƣͷȴͷڹ꣬Ƕ˻ѧ棡
ûעΪѧĳ裡
Ⱥ˸ȫ̩ͨںߣ϶ط粻ˡ
үǸ鲻ҳֵĻǰ׬˰𰡣
ͬʱϯıԵкһ˷ܵس˵
ЩͶע֮Ǯˡ
ЩźҡҡͷǸ鲻ҲĿʦ򱬵Ļ棬ź
٣ǸСӵ֪̩֮ˣ
鿨Ҳ̲סˣ챻ط統в裬лһӻԼĶӲһڴط类򱬡
Ȼطٳٲַֻ֣ܳͨʽ档
٣Ǹط粻֣ѧһȻû˸һս⽫Ϊѧĳ裡
鿨ԣĸĪҲˡ
ԣ֮սɱطֻ˳ģؼҪṳ̈ѧķʽϴˢʮǰһսĳ裬Ӷ̩ѧ͹̩ȭҫͬʱһսĺ䶯Ӱ
ƻģеĻѧһȷˣͷڹ꣬˵ǻѧһų򡢷ô
Լʱֻӵʱٴοˣһֱƻĵ֣ɼΪһ
ƻüͷһ
Ȼ֪طΪֱڻû֣ط޷ԼʱбĻǻѧƱػᱻڽ£Զضڳϣ
˭˵Ҳ
һ̡
͵ƻĲ֪λӦʱһȻ
ͬһ㣬ڻѧȺը죡
ط絽ˣ


1270 Ϊսұص
Լʮ㻹ӵʱ϶ط粻ˣٴο軪ѧ磬ƻƿԡ
ʱطڻѧĺͬӴ쳹ʣϺһ
طˣ
ɲǼ䣬˶ĿͶĵطͼѰطӰΪ裬޷طӰӡ
ͬʱطΧЩ˷׷ױöĤĶǰڡŲ鸡һͷԵڵء

ȺɢΪطóһͨ
ûЩĿ⣬طºˣȺеխͨǰѧʿڵ
󡭡ֵܣҾ֪϶
Ǵ˼Ѫһ㣬ֱУһط硣
ղţʦһºȥ֣㽫Ⱥ档
˼䣬ίˡ
طһǸӭ䡣
ʮǰִ˸Ϊʵֻ̫ܴ࣬Ⱥķ϶ߵ
ڴ˹У䡢ƻĵ˵ĶԻ
û£һҺݺݽѵǸ̩оͺã졢Ц
طֵܣ
Ļ£ӥͼҲط硣
Ȼǲطһȥ˹һͬμȫѧһ¶⡢ͬӦУꡣ
ӥԣҲˡط΢Цˡ
Ҫ֮սΪ˺ѧֵܵܲôû
ӥǸ͵صͷ
شʦ
һΣط˵ʲôһɫ۵ҲȺǰʮּ
Ϊطʱ̸ϵΪٴμط磡
档
ط΢ЦͷȻǰȺ
طӵһ¡
ǰãطһͬͨ汻ط͵ɽϰ䣬ѡطߡ
С磬ˣ
󣬵طߵѧʱʢڤʦʦ˷׷طк
Ƕط粢İѲǵһսطˡ
ԴŴͽ׾ع׾սɣûѧ绯֮˸Ӧսطڶǿƽ׾У״κѧ
ձѧ籱һűѧ̣¼կսط磬ط罫ʦͽͳͳ򱬡
ٺǿ˾ڳһսط磬طӺϽڴ򱬡
һһȡطǰְ֮Լطη壬̩ɽۣ֮ǿƻɱһ
طһ·ĳ֮ս
սʢ˶ֳ
죬ǵۿط֮ս
ǸλʦˣǺͻѧܵӰ졣
ط籧ȭϹϵǸŨ
Ϊչںϡȭ͹̩ȭطʱ䣬ȻΪֳΧɽ˺ؼһ𣬲Լıʱ䡣
ʱ仹û
ʢЦҡҡͷͬʱÿһͨ
ƻġպҶ˹
УҶΡ
Ρ
ˣСӾͲҪˡ᳤˵ʱ仹û
ƻЦŰ֣طĻǸĺڳǺͻѧ磬ԺʵжӦͺˡ
ûһҪݺݽѵǸ֪ߵغСӣ
С磬ǻѧƣ

ƻһڣʢҲԼͬڡ
ǸղҲĻˣֻطûѧһĶ֣ǵĺߣʶһֱûпڡ
ƻĵ˵ĻطҪڣȴԱߵȺһɧ³ϺӢһݿ
ƻĴʦҶʦλʦá
ݿ۷ŹؿطһۣȻŵѧʺãصἰƻĺҶ
ǰǻѧġȫѧϯطʦ֪ء
ƴʦλʦá³Ҳʺá
ݿ¡³ϴʦлǰ֧ط硣
ƻĴѧ˳лҶǷ׷ױȭӦ
һĻݿŽĿͶط磬Ц˵װķ磬ҸղŻ³ϴʦģ˵϶Լʱ֮ǰӮ˶ľ֡
ˣǷݿ¶עҪʱΪһΡ³ϿЦ˵
лл
طлȻߵҶǰӣסҶ֣ڣڶҶ˵ҲڻӦƻĵ˸ղŵڴʦûбҪˣע
㱻ϳģҰﲻæΪսұص
Ҷط磬оǽᶨ
طۿһȡ
Ҷ΢Ц֣طļ򣬵ûжʲô
һоڲС
Ϊ֪󽾰ط磬ͻѧڴһУ
ĳӣԼʱѵ㻹ڵʲô
ʱٴ
£վ˫ںϼٵ߶ԼȵںϣĿ絶һ㶢Żѧڵ򣬴ȵ
ûط磬㻹ڵʲô
ط磬ѵô

һڣֳٴЩ̩Ĺں߷׷׸Ŵ
طҶƻĵߵӱߣĿɨϵ
Ҳ軪ѧ磿
طһͺȣ˲佫ѹȥɱ׼
䣬Ӱ
һԾϺӣ
ʱʮ꣬ѧ̩ѧٶȽ棡


1271 һԲжӦ
£ط֮ͬǰһ̤Уٶȼ죬ڳĻ۷ʦ֮⣬˼ֻܿϽˮ޷Ӱ
ǿʱطͣ˽Ųͬںϣʮףңң
ʮףԻ۷ʦԣգۼ
ΪطǾǿƶŵԣΪط̤ͬˮУΪսʼټıֳ˲䰲
ϺЩͨںߣ̩صģҵģûгǰصطսʼ
٣
ϯϣ鿨¸ӿطԼ֮սЦ
ԭǶΪط粻ӦսеЩϧ˿̣ǿطĿ⣬ͷ·ڿһʬ塪ط缴򱬣߼Ҳͷ󻼣׬һʣ
ǲ鿨¸ӣϯϣİϣ֮⣬Щֵ̩Ĵк念ءĪˣһطı顣
Ⱥ׳գ
һĻаһͬʱЩûڣûûݿֵܾ̩룬ڹϯۿ
ǵڹۿⳡʱ򣬾ΧһȺӬҲĻطᣬӶӰ쵽ط͢Ĺϵ
ͬʱԶɭƵ궥¥ȣȵ˲ԼͬؽĿͶ˺ϵط硣
֮У˶֮⣬˶ǵһν۲ط硣
ţͨ˶ԺԶǶԣǽˡ
ҷųݻ˵ɱǿɱط绹ǹġ
󣬾ȵİƣڵȻǴ̿˵ǿϣ֮ǰûйעط磬û˽طϣ֪塣
طղŵ쳹ʣһ
ǿȫѧˡһϣڰзȨ
һΣ޸֯зԣꡪҿˣͬʱĿͶ˶÷ˡ
ʲô˼
˶̲סˡ
ɽׯطĶӣĳ衣
ҵĻڽ˰̣˿Σ
ʵѡҺ˶ŭ⡣
ȣҺܺ棬Ǹط˵ǿƺͿôڵģΪе̫ô뿪̫ˣ
ûв밲˶棬ﻹǼӵط˺ڰᣬͬʱٴȴڨ
үүӦ˵أϣڽۿĹְܹ
ĿɨˣĿŴɨһĨεıģ֪ڱû˽ҷԣڱ̫߶С
طȻûүүϯôߣͨϸоط¼֪طǿơֻԵˣҰһ˼ܵˣóı
ĳӣղ˵ʲôɱɱЦ𣿡
˵ʲôԶ
ɲǼ䣬ڣ˶ĿͶԶĺ档
ϣһɵشЦ֮гϷʣǸо·֮սģǿӱݵġ
ʵϣ˽ӲŵԼ
ڰ֮ǰطǾǿƵĻֱ֮ӱŭеһͷ̵ʱ佫ط򱬡
Ȼ
׼뷨֮жʱ뵽صѡ赭дػɱط硣
ΪصѣǿԼ侲Ȼ¶һɵ̬
ط̫ˣ


һڣ˱ֳİò̩صͨںߴ
ĳӣʮǰүү̤ϻģսѧ磬Ⱥܻѧƻġ֡䵱Ͱǿˣ֤˹̩ȭǿ󣡡
źط粻ƶȻѪ
һ߸ϵ̬Ǿڸϣ죬һνĻѧһţ֤ѧڹ̩ȭǰ
ৣ
ط綯ˣ
Ȼʧ˵
ǵģ
ôƾʧˣ·δֹһ㡭
ɽף

գ֮䣬ǰ˳һƳ
һƣ⣬طȫ֣Ҷõǰŵİƣ߶غӳɣٶȼ졣
ţ
û뵽طһԲֱӳ֣һֲӦ٣Ѹ̧۵ǰͬʱȭգʱ׼ȭ
С㰴չ̩ȭпġ巨ؽھںϣǿޱȡ
һУΪصطƻȻչķ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
顪
һ̡
촫طһֱϡ
ֱһʹһ˺ɶ
طĲӬһ㣬һķɣ
طʵжӦ


1272 䵱̫
ǰһ룬Ǿһ㿴ط磬߸ϵἰʮǰսѧ飬ҷųҪط򱬣֤ѧ
һ룬㱻طһķɣ
ֽȻķټıֳһƬţ
˶ɴ۾ɶһˮ
ʮףʮףʮס
ɳȥʮײͣ½Ų˲Խ˺
һУΪ׼㣬طһֲ̫š֮⣬ҲΪˮ͵治ͬ޷ץֹסΡ
£ȻûԽ±ˮȾʪȥͬһҪǱжǱ
һĻ
ЩղŻߺط̩ڡʧˣ
Щڹϯϵ̩кߡʧˣ
Щȫصο͡ߡ鱨ԱҲʧˣ
ȻǶû뵽侹Ȼһַʽʼ
û뵽
໣ֵ䣡
һֳ̣İһдơ
䡣
Ǵ˼Ѫһ㣬ûҲǸо·һƳ
طֵܺģ
ӥͼҲ̲ס󺰵ȻǰţҲǼѡ
ĻѧţȻûпڣҲطһƳüȰֽбǿŭ˲ʧӰ٣
ѧЩѧʦ¶΢Ц
Ȼ֮ǰƻ֪طһսʤǿơĿ֣иеͬʱҲͬһһúܽ
ӣ㾹Ȼ͵Ϯң
ʱˣŭĿط磬ɱⱬ
ͨղŵĽ֣طʵһŵġ֪Ԥе
֮ԻǱȫΪδ۷״̬һֲûзӳǿʵ
ԭˣ
һڣϺЩ̩ں߷׷׻Ȼ
̫ˣ
ǰδʼȻ͵Ϯ
ǸҪĻߣ
򡯹̩ںߣٴδźŭط磬ҲΪ
ղһǻѧġơǰŵ֮ѧ
ط翪ˣڻӦЩ󺰵̩ߺ͹ڣڻӦ֮ǰ˵Ļ֡䵱ǿ˺ƻȺУ
ллС硣
طĻΪŵ޵ͷһطĿгŸм
ղһƣط粻ΪѧҲΪźͰ
ӣ˵ˣѧ㽫ûκλˣ
Ҳط֮ŭˡ
һûɡ䵱ɵľѧƻĴʦġ׻ȭˣ
·Ϊӡ֤жƵģطٴοڣͳĮ

ŭˣֻһȣ˵ƴﵽۣͬҵļһ㣬ط硣

գ֮䣬嵽طǰұȭգһȭطţͬһֻȸҪȡˮһ㡣
ȸȡˮ
ǹ̩ȭйõĽʽϻȭ
䡪
һȭŭ֣ھӿȭ֮ϣֱÿըһȭ磬ϯط硣
ȭδȭ
ŭ񱩵һȭطվںϣһǸо·ɵһ㡣

ЦǸо·𿴵طԴԼһȭըĻ档
ৣ
ʱط綯ˣ
ҽȻ̧𣬺󳷰벽ͬƵһתܿ͵ȭͬʱ˫Ȼ΢΢γһ̫ԲΣѸ̽
䵱ѧ̫ȭ
ط˵Ŀ񱩷̫ȭӦԡ
顪
һ죬طײұڲ࣬ȭı䷽
˸գǧ
һ̣ط綯̫ȭĒ־úԭȭ
Ȼ
һȭδУͣϥȻ𣬶ط硣
⡢ϥ
̩ȭҪĹλɱǿ
̩ȭˣ
Сá塱ǿ󵽿ֲ
Ҳ֮ǰطİۣȴû˵ԭ
˿̣ͻȻϥײƼ򵥣ʵǹ̩ȭպʽԢΪ¶һͷҲһϥ
׺ݵĹطٴκһϥա
ž
ʱһŶںϣˮ·ըһ㣬ˮ䡣
ȻڿգҽŸ߸̧𣬽űһطԴ
۹
ò˵ڹ̩ȭ˼£֮󣬳ط˵Ļᣬù̩ȭȷط磬ط޿ɶ㡣

ؼʱ̣طٴ̽磬ٴ̫ȭĒ־ӭҽš
ž
촫һطƣ˫ھȻŷײֱըŰ
Ȼ
͵طƱ˲䣬ȻΪצһץסĽ˳ҽŷķȻһת׻һŵĿ
󡭡
ұ۶ȻŴսսʿгǹһ㣬Ȼ˦
̫ȭ־
ಣ
ƿͬɻһ㣬ڿշɳ
䵱̫
ط粢δ׷һͺȣԼղŶõѧ
졣
ҪķʽɱΪƻġʦʦ޵ѩܣΪѧ


1273 ݺ
䵱̫
ı䳡طͬһ쳹ʡ
ã
طĻ£ѧ򣬱һкõ˶һͷͨĸо
Ⱦ䵱ʦ
ʮǰܸأȻΨһһΰ̣ȴһΡ
ΪһΣԼҲ䵱ɺͻѧ
죬طΪѧһһˣ䵱ɵɾѧ̫ȭһǿˣ𶯣Զ˸󣬾ղŵİ޵
лл㣬С硣
ʦжԼ˵

ͬʱϺ̩ͨڡߣǹϯЩ̩ĴУٴɵˣؿطǶһ㶪ٴڿкɣǳĬˡ
ءĪҲͫ׶ȻüĿ֮ӿ޷εľ
˵һαطɣΪط͵Ϯôһأ
һΣδá塱طǰ£ȫǵûлط磬ٴαط衭
Ǿ޴𺳣
Ƕˣοˣ
⡭ôܣ
ڵɵĹУȫһʡ
Կ϶طղֳʵһʼǿȴٴνɣ
ô
̫ȭ˸աʤǿǹ̩ȭָȭĿǡ
ʮǰȺƻġʦʦսʤʦѵʱҲۡ
ط統дǹʱ򣬽ƻд书ķʽڻͨѧа̫ȭƺֽȭЩ书ľ衣
д߶غһһʽӣʦ޵ʩչ
ž
Ȼڷɳȥʮ֮˫ںϣ̤һ޴ˮȻһշסΡ
֣ȭ
ʱһٴ
ȳӰ֡
ط·˲һ㣬ٴγǰȭͬڵһ㣬ովȵ
ٶɽ
ֽȭϳ˵书֮һԼΪ̴ѸͶ䣬ռݣ䷭ת磬Ҳѧĸ书֮һ̩ȭм֮

һŭûжܣֱӻȭӭ
ΪվΣù̩ȭΪµġ塱طѪھѾƽȡ
Ҳӭԭ
ϾطղȻǱûˣ
䡪
طȭݺݵײһҾײµھͬʱһҵľ磬һˣȫ֡
ž
ž
ž

ηֿ׷ױúˣÿһ¶ȵˮĽ
Уط絹˵ٶȸ죬ҲӦԶ
ಣ
ʮ֮ط粻סΣ߶ھ˵ͬһ磬ֱ
㲡Ҫ
ûиϢĻᣡ
ž
ط׷һ̤ںϣڿն
׻ȭ̩ɽѹ
طһͺȣ˫ſͬչһ㣬żͣ½Ų¡
ͬʱ׹֮ƣϥȻײ̩ɽѹΡ磬Ʋɵ
ղţطȺðơ̫ȭֽȭνɣδ˵
˿̣ƻȫѧɱУֵΣ
ϣոסΣطͬ·һ㣬ѹûжĻᣬֻƾս˫ۣ߶ھ˫ֵۣطһ
䣡
ͨ
ͬʱ
طϥǺݺݵײ˫ϣµھͬʱֱӽײ˺һ޴˻
˻Ľط˫Ųںϣ˳һշжȥȻȵվ˺ϡ
ʧ˵
𣿡
źֻаȻط磬̩ͨڡߣǹϯ念鿨Ϊ̩Уɴ۾һгһɻ
ط䣡
ѧ޵У
ӦǵЩԻĵοͺߣǷֲϺĸ䣬Ȼ࣬Ҳ󣬵ڰıֳԵø
ã
ѧٴδ˽к
ȻƻΪ׵ʦǣ֪ղֻǱ˺δȻΪطıֿڽкá
Ϊط綯òԼóİơ̫ȭֽȭ׻ȭȺĴνɣΪƻġʦʦ޵ʮǰһսѩܣҲ֤ѧĲ
ͬʱϯϣءĪüͷ
ǵʵȻҲ˸ղطֵḶ֪́ȻУ޴󰭡
Ȼ
ˣǵɫҲѿǸо·Ǳط統ڴļĶ⡣
ȴ̩ѧҫ֧飡
仰˵Ծƣǿƽطɱ֮սʤҲ޷ﵽǵĿġ̤ѧҫ̩ȭ̩ѧ磡

·Ϊӡ֤ءĪӺͻѧЩʦжƵģ֮ȻӾط缸ʮĺˮдڳһˮˣȻٴ˺ϡ
û֮ս


1274 ֮սʼˣ
£³ʪ͸ˣ·ӱ÷飬˫ͬһ㣬һƬͨ졣
طȻ׻ȭʱޣδܽ书ĲֳͨغĸЧСӡ
С巨ǿֲ˫ˮɱˮȥ˲ղطһ˫ۣˡ
Ȼ
ˣղѪھҡײľ΢ˣھһʱЩת
ĳӣ㳹׼ŭˣ
ϣȶ鸡ѪҵھĿ絶һ㶢ط磬ɱȻ˵
û
仹û
ͣ
ĻδˣЩԭޱȾ̩ͨڡߺ͹ϯ念鿨Ϊ̩Ƿ׷׻ع񣬳˿
念鿨Ͳˣ
һս߼ʵ̫Ҫˣ
ԭΪ俪ʼ֮Դݿ֮ƣǿƽط򱬣ȴû뵽ĽȻ෴طһٱ裬ֱӴ˺ˮ
һ˲䣬ǵֱɤϣ
ȫ֣ʱڽս
ڹϯϵؿˣΧЩ̩Ĵǲ̱ϲ˵ֱӽеѹȥ
Ȼסˣ
ΪȻطʵûг󣬵ɱ飬սİеľеĻǳء
ңطղŽûİš䵱ֺ׻ȭݺݵ̩ѧ磬ΨѸ١ǿƵؽطɱſһسӡ
ǣүү
ӦȻĿٴɨط磬ɱȻӣ㽫ûκλˣ
£˲߶̩ȭ衢µġ塱طڵѪͬһտĿˮһ㣬˲ڣȻھڣھƷʷʵı仯˵ͬɽ緢һ㣬·ֹ
ͬĻѾ˵һˡ
طӦʼ߶غȭط
ȻڱչصʱѾ˽ȭ͹̩ȭطںϵҪ죬ûôΪʵóǿɱﵣҲΪҪûѧ򱬣
٣
Цһûٶ˵ȫĵش߶ط
ȻղŽĴαطɣطʵвǿֻɱḻ
߶塯طսſԾʵѹط磡
ղŲδǿս
ûҪù̩ȭµطˣǸطˣ
ȫ߶塯طͬʱ̩Щ߷׷ʶʲô̲ס
ʤ
ɵĻߣ
̩ߵۣЩ̩ͨٴδ
սʼˡ
ѧʢ̲סˣ֪ղط磬ûóǿսֻⳡսĿθˣӲˡ
ţ֪طڵǿ˺ֵز
䶷ͷĿùطĳսνһ·֤طɳģطս˺档
ƻڣѧ˶һڴ
еڴŨ
Ȼطֿʱ䲻طڹȥһʱﾭ̫飬µĴ˵Ǹطǿˣǿʲôز޷
ǲͬ¡ݿһǶ֪طɱɭḶ́طʵžԵģ
ȣǻطûүү˵ôаȻЩ˵ԤϣǸ϶Ҫù̩ȭġ塯طǻطԸղŵķʽӦԣɡ
ͬʱɭƵ궥¥ľ̿˵ǿϿˣղŵı̿һѶطʵĶλͬʱҲ֪̩ȭ塯Ŀ£Ǵѧļ¡
һ£ȵүүϯߣطʤǡ
ϵĻڰ˶;޸֯İҾǹŹֵؿһۡ
ȫϵĻ˷ƨѹûᡣ
ңʲô񣿡
˵ķӦЩ̲ס尲ʵ
ϣطղŶõ书ȥɱʱûжù仰˵ղõ书ó书һЩҪսһżءǿ书ҾԲڵĹ̩ȭܹ羳սɱ˵ĵڡ
֪̿˵ĿѲϣĵͣȻƵѵҽǱֳĬȽϺá
Ŷ
Ȼôһ˵ϵͫ׶ȻŴȻ󿴵Χ˶ûпĬ˰ҵĻüüĿ֮޷εľɡѵǻĴ˵е书
طյ书ǻľѧҲڳܶսԭ򡣡
ڿˣĿȻԶĺϣطˣؿڳ˵ɫˡ
ĳӣܹҶù̩ȭġ塯طң
һΣȵĻ䣬ٴδԶ
ϣ߶塯ط֮Ѫھںϣھʵı仯˵ÿһ䣬ӵǿ󡢿ֲ˵Ҳﵽ˾ۣһս˼䡣
ǵ֮ǰ˵Ļô
طܹظܵı仯ıͬһڿݾƽ
ʲô
ʶʡ
ɱ׼
طӦȻ̬·Ҫȥ׼


1275 
һ̣طڵѪͬڣɢաȵϢһ¯ںƶ
˾洫ѧȭطתת
ȥ
طľƱ仯߶塯طȻ壬г޵еֻһŭͬһ磬˲䳯طɱ
һ̣ȥûжκʽʵõǹ̩ȭ֮кպġǳǻһһ㣬ײط硣
ǳ֮ڹ̩ȭܴ֮󣬵ΪףΪǹ̩ȭߵȷʽ䡪߳嵽֮󣬿ѡԭʽײҲԱΪȭߣ˷ʤ
طɱ̩֮󣬵õ̩Ǳ̩ȭĹȻͳİ汾崫еİ汾Ҳֻǲˡ塯ྶͥ
˿̣һ֣طϳһУ½Ųһ٣ںϣȴ
ԲӦ䡣
Ȼٽط֮ʽȻһ䣬ײΪȭһȭط򦣬ͬʱ΢΢ʱ׼
ħ
̩ȭɱ֮һȭײȭֿɱΪ
һ̣طȭɳŶȭĻᣬһǱѸͳطĽס

߶塯ط֮սһȭֱӽˮ𣬻һˮط硣
ϣطȫˮұһ˴ǹȻȭǹͷӿھ˲ӿȭ֮ϣһھУת
ǹʽ죡
Դ߶巨ʹù̩ȭɱħطֱӶáǹǿɱлػ

طһȭӭˮ˲䱻ɢˮķȭƲӲغȭͷ
ӲӲâ

ۿطѡԼȭЦٲȻѾطĻ档
Ϊ߶塯طſӲӲдϷ硣
һطȭ޷һشط磬ֵıȣһطס
ʱط罫ɶȵķˣͬϵ⣬׸
Ȼ
ܿ죬ϵЦˣ
䡪
һ죬ȭͷҵײһ
طȭ֮ϵھУһſһ㣬ͬʱըھһһһ㣬ȭͷ
ɲǼ䣬ϯˮ˴ǺͻȻ쫷硣
꣡
ͬʱϹ
籩ģ߳ȣֹӦϣµķ˵ɶ
еֹǶѣѪұ۽Ӳǵͨ죬Ѫ˿
һȭطֵֹǣھһ˿ң¾Щ
⡭ôܣ
ϵЦݵȻ޴棬ȡ֮һĲš
ô
ǵģ
߶塯ط֮Ѫھںϣȫ䣬ȾֻҪӲھƷʷʵı仯Ӿʽ쭡
һ£طӲƴĻҲҪУ
طȻˣǺ𣬶ȴֹǶѡˡ
⡭ֱЩ
ô
ã
ѧڵٴ˽к
һΣڵȫƻġʢΪĻ۷ʦ
ǲ˫ֵĻ棬ҵһʱ俴ˣط
Ա֮£ǿУ
ô£
ϯϣءĪ˵ͫ׶ȻŴ
һ̣һϳŲţ
ǲţڶá塱ط£Ȼط磬ұطһȭˣ
ô
ԶĲɭƵ궥¥ڵˣһĻ֮ͫ׶ȻŴ
ȻǼŽ֯ƶϯߵжϣΪطԻʤҲû뵽ȻһѹĽ෴ǿطӦֻǱȫǿһЩɱӦúܼҡܽŲŶԡ
ô
ͬõ˵ط磬ҲΪȡ
ղһȭ˶áǹǿġ졯֮⣬߶غ;洫ȭط
仰˵ûжںϹ̩ȭط洫ȭ׺Ͷûҩŵ֮⣬ǿ
һ£ֹֻǶѣһˣǲشЩԤϣ
Ͼ̩ߺδȬĹҰ޷Ӳһȭ
ಣ
Ȼ
ȹ龪ȣطܿסΣȻٴε
ȴҪսپκλᣡ
ž
ϣֹͣɣ㿴طɱξѣһ
Ҫܿطķâ
Ϊ˿ѪھЩң޷ӳʽ
ղţȫһ·磬˿ǿӭ³Զ
ô
طһ˿գһȣͣ׷
䣬ɱǰ˫̽Բγһ̫ͼһ޴ḥ̂ɱȥ
ȭռɱСɱ
Σգ
˲䱻ͷֻ֣Լ˹ŹأǿҵǿսܣʶһĶͼܿطһνɱ
Ȼˡ
飡
ꡪ
ͬʱ
ط˫ֻ䣬նұۣµھֱӽߵұնء
ͨ
ˮٴαط˺


1276 ת
طʤ
Ŵ߶塯طٴαطЩԻĵο͡С߳ˣȫԵ̩ڡߣ鲻Խش
ֵţƣ
Ҳ̲סٴοڣûҲ
ӥԺɵǣҲǷ׷׼ѡ
ⳡ֮սѺ
ͬʱƻΪ׵Ļѧʦǣжϡ
طղõǾҵɱжϺ󣬰޵̲סڵ
š
յͷѰֻ˻۷ܹطı̣ǰã˾Ӧǵõȭ򡣡
Ϊ
յĻ޵̲ס̾
ڶѧʦ׷׵ͷͬ˵
ǰ棬ǶطȺðš䵱ֺ͡׻ȭÿһ书òӳǿ
ղţطֶȭ
Ҫ֪һߣһܽһǿµ书͸ʵס
ط粻˶书׻ȭȭǸոϰãȴزԣֱ
ڻѧʦǷ׷׸̾طѧ츳֮ߵͬʱ̩ͨڡߺ͹ϯ念鿨ΪĴǣٴγĬˡ
ǵɴ۾ضź棬ǲɱҲڴ֮ͬǰһٴγ֡
У念鿨ޱ俪ʼ֮ǰţеֻǾ벻
µ޷ټܹɱط磬ñαʤˣ෴ӱ俪ʼڱطΪʤĸѾˡ
һⳡ䣬Ǿ͵ڰʯͷԼĽˣǵ޷ɱط籨𣬷Ҫ⸶ǧİ
ǧİǶڼ¢̩߼ԣҲһ޷ľ޿߼Ԫˣ
֮⣬ΪǿˣΪһս䣬߼ὫԹй߼ϡ
߼Ȼư̩ĳ˵ʵĸӹ塣
Ϊ£ҪˡĻǽ߼ĩգ
念鿨Ͳ˶ԣءĪˣɫȻΪѿûгֻֿš
ѵһ̣ȻĻʤĻ룿
ءĪ˵ķӦһԵİЩɻ
ʵȷˡ
µڣءĪˣȻܹȡ֮սʤ
ΪǶ˸ղŵıֱֻ̣֪۱նϣ֮ǣΪҪǣɱﵣ

·Ϊӡ֤ءĪ˵жƵģһδӺˮдڳһƬˮ
һΣطľ뼫ֻж̶ס
£ұ۶ϳأƤţ֤ơ
Ȼ
˵Ʒǵûдܣ֮ǰΪǿ
ڵѪ·ȼһ㣬糱ͷһƬͨ죬˫۸ǺˣɢżΪΣյϢ
һУֻΪ׹ˮ֮󣬴߶˹̩ȭ塯طΪµɱﵡת
תϰ߿Դһֿ͸֧ϰطϰڶʱڱΪµս
ս֮ϰ߻˥ܵ
һЩͨΣʱ̣ͻȻԱԶƽʱºֱӱжһ
ǱȡȭתΪԵµط͸֧Ϊۣȡʱǿ
һΣڳ֮û˵һ仰ڿյĹУȻطͷ
۹
ǹ̩ȭкպȹߣĿǶԷͷ
žžž
һ̣áתɱﵵʵﵽ˼£Զ֮ǰǿƴﵽ˾ۣٶȿ쵽˼£һ߳ըϯķ
ţ
ı仯طеЩ죬ʼո߶Ⱦ䣬ʶĵһʱ˷Ӧֻ˫Ȼ̽״һȴһ㻤ǰ
顪
һ촫
һطƣµط˫־һֱ۷飬ѿѪ˸ǱõɶѪһ󷭹
䵽ڣһαõˣ·磬һڱˣ
仯ءĪ֮⣬˵ԤϣطԼ
ڵ˵ĹУط޷εľȣûаţѸȶѪͬʱغΪý飬Ѹںȭ͹̩ȭط
໣
޵У̩ȭ޵Уɱ
ٴγֺ͵ı֣ԭıֳٴηڣŵ̩ں߷ش
սپɵ
ͬʱһֱĬĪˡ
֪ԼĶ˹̩ȭɱﵡתҲ֪תĸúʱơԽ̵ʱڽطɱþͻԽС
ΪҪǣ֪ط簾ȥתʱ䵽ˣǵȴĽ
ĳӣȻʵԶԶҵԤ޷ıĽ֣
һŽط߷ɣںϣһħɱ
˵ɱɱ
طһ壬һ˵˲䱩ǣ
˹̩ȭȭطںϣһɱ


1277 һзʤ

طĻ뵽֮ǰı̣ܵϱ֮ʹŭ񣬵һ羪ը죬쳹ʣ
ȻԼá塯طĽСתֻ֮ǸطЩȣ˿ָֻ̣޵е
طܹסһΣΣأ
ಣ
䣬һٴطɱȥ
һΣٶȱ֮ǰΪѸֲٶȴһ󾢷磬罫½ˮγһˮˣһͷƴﵽǰδе۷壡
ৣ
͵طֻв׵ʱڿն˫չչᣬϥǰ͵ײط硣
̩ȭɱ
ɽʯ
ɱ̩ʷǿʦ̩ȭСϥ˵СѹֱбǡȾʽںһ𣬼ϥۿ˫ֿȭƻץؼ汸˹
ɽʯԢΪǰһɽҲҪѡ飬νǰԵ˫
̩Ļ̸̩طڴʹɱʱһУһɱط磬йͷ֮ŭطâѡܡ
һΣ̩߸ǿڶù̩ȭطתͬʱͬáɽʯɱﵣطֵΣ

طһ𣬲˷һұ˳һȭ
Ȼղٶò̡֡ԡֻԼ½ȻһˣǴ˿غý飬̩ȭȭںϵͬһ޵սȫ޾
䣡
ٴζáǹʽ졯ھͬڵĽӿȭͷγһһھУתȭ֮𵴣ֱɢġˮ
âɱжԺ䣡
һзʤ
ʱ
һ̣˶Ŀۼһ㣬ȴ˫µһײ
䡪
һ죬طȾѪȭݺݵϥϣھ̵ͬĺˮк
꣡
ĶϹ
ϥ·ڵһըС˲룬ͷѡѪɡ
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ͷֵӶڲͬʱһǿҵѵŤͷĹϯþףң
Σʱ̣ѡԼĸĪȣ
֪һս컹صظءĪǰƻĵ齵ľƵ꣬ƻΪ׵Ļѧ磬òָԤⳡ֮ս
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Ȼˣһս
صĻƻǹɿµϢȻ쳹ʣӵĻ˵ֻһָͷս񣿡

ʶҪӦߣͣסˡ
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ںǸˣѲʮǰܸ°̤ܽһǿ֮۵Ŀֲڣ
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Ϊ֪ԼĸҲûаջƻģͰƻ޷κвսͲս𲻴
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ۿһԣƻٴοˣӹɡ
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ѧ粻ͬʱѧţȺʵжڹͣ


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1280 빫
شʦһ档
ͬʱվڻѧ󷽵̲סˣطĿгųݣȴЩ㱡
ΪԺֳ︡ԴʶطĵεΡ
طΪ顪طǰɽׯ磬˫Ϊѣҽд衣
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½ĿͶ⣬Զıֳط磬üĿ֮¶ڴҺڴ˵һУ


1281 ȦĻҰ
Ϊ̩ģǵڶУȫĲҹǣŷḻҹ
ҹ˵ʱ򣬺ڰȡִأȵҹˣںϷĺϺϵҹУ洦ɼȫصο͡
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˵޳ϵĽʺޣģ㡭˵ôģǸļһԴڣҸĵرһ飬
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ŲţطŸɾӣ鲻Խͣ
ӿֳһǿҵĳ嶯


1282 ʢ
ط硣
ǵġ
һ̣ȥط磡
εĳﻹε
˿̣طǰĲʡ£ֻҪȥʵԸԡ

ͷǿңͬʱҲȻ٣ҺЩ٣ʼЩˣ
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ûд𰸣طڴһȣȻڳ˯
Ҳ֪Ҷζʲô
һĻ¶ëڴߣץط֣ɱߣҳΪ˹Ѹȴҩɾȵذ㣬Ҳһе׷㡣һУԼЩȴʵ
ɱ֮Ƕߵգɱ㣬Ҹ֮жɫּҴٶԸ㣬ÿһζʧܸա
֪ƾԼ޷ɱˣǱ㽫ϣĵϡ
ҿʼÿ½̳ͨռϢ
ţÿҪ飬˵˳Է˯֮Ψһ顣
ÿһΣҿǿʱҶڴ㱻ɱȵĶŵϢЩɱͳͳ˲ʹĴۣ
֪һĸо
ϣʧ֮תú͵֮ش
ҵ飬ҵȫĶ̬ռݺӰ죬ħһںĳһ죬ҾȥעʱҷֹעѾΪҵϰߺвɻȱ顪޷ȥע㣡
ǸңҰ㣬ʱңúܻ
޷һУÿ춼з񶨺͸ԼⲻܣȻЦǣҵȫǹһУߵǰҲˡ
һУҺھΣ𣬺ʹԼֹһԼǸҪĵ
һУ޷ıʵ޷ðQԼ෴ҸѵʶԼˣҲһúʹ࣡
ҵǱ˺ѣڱʣڼ尾С
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һ죬²ڽɽ߶ıҿƣ͵Ҫҵʱˡ
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ΪİõسԼ㣬԰ķʽעһһ֮ҷԼһʹࡪ㣬룬롭
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ȻҲ㣬ǿҵģԵŮ˵С˽ҲԵŮ˵ᣬԵʱҶҲһ
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һΣûԴ𣬶ֱӸյطǰط缸ӣȻط촽ȥ
ĴӣµĽһ
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1283 ƶ
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ڰУ»۾ʶδѣʶȥԱߣֿյġ
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ȵһν֮ϵĺûֱ˯ˡ
˿̣Ȼƣȴĺá
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ƵǱܵػӦµǣҡ֡۾֮󣬻δָǣǾܾ˺ϵľٶֱӻǣ壬Ȼѹ¡

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ôһ˵ط
һԵӥ治֪üɳǸôģôߵѧ츳Ȼʦš
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ط΢΢۾ʦ̫鷳һһսֶ֮Լʵǿֱ뿪
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ƻط֮󣬿˵ģʾֲֺ̩̩飬ϣֵܹ̩Ĺ涨̩ķɹ涨ȫѧ˴㡣
š
طͷ֪ȫѧ˸ȫߣ͹涨ڲԱΥ涨Ҳ⵽ϳ͡
С磬ףغĻ춼˵úܶˣҾͲ˵Щˡ
ƻٴοڣ麱Щ࣬ĳɳٶԶԶҵԤѾΪһǿˣ㲻ɵĺи
һ棬ǵЩ֮Убǿĵˣǲ
磬һΣڰ÷ɭ²ˡ¬ձ̻ʶˣǵʵ֮ϡ
һ棬ȫصѾʼˡ
ݽ̻˹˵һΣ֯޸֯̿˵ǿ˶ȡ
ʷɣЩǿ˳ϲеſ
⣬㽫ΪЩǿ˵жУǻȿֺض֣γΧ˵ľ棡
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һ򲽽ܹһ޵УһСģϵģ壬ǼпܻһḴġ
˵ô࣬㣬ŸĳڵľǵûкתøӶˣ




1284 ǿߵʵ
ƻѣط΢΢üͷ
ܾ֮ǰʹƻġ֪һЩΪ֪ҽڻ
̳ͨͽ֯أ˽øˡ
û뵽ǿ˳֮󣬾Ȼϲѧſϰߡ
ƴʦЩѧΪʲôҪеѧſһΪǳӰΪȫѧϴƣطʳеĵһɻ
Ӧ߶Сƻĳһ£𸴡
ƴʦҺܺ棬ЩΪҪͳһͳأ
طٴοʵڶɻ󣬶ɻѾͷܾˡ
һ㣬Ҳûе
ƻҡҡͷȻ˵ԼжϣҸΪ֮·һεԼʲôһֱڵ飬Ŀǰûҵ
֡
ط̲ס̾Ȼʳһɻ󣬡ƴʦеѧ绮֣֮Ϊ˵е񾳡˵ϻûǿߣֻмһһ󲿷ǿ߻ͣڻ۷徳ϡҷ֣۷ʦʵ໹ġ
ġ
ƻĵͷܸɴؿ϶һ㣬Ȼ͵Ҹȷÿ˿ǰҪգͨҪһģ˵õյˣˮƽһ𣿡
һ
طʶҡͷ
ѧʵҲһ񾳣ֻǾһ֣ÿһ߶ӦҪ󣬱绯ߣҪΪһ壬ٿھͬһС磬֮ʵ໹еģԭкܶ࣬ϰ书ĲͬѧĲͬھüɵĲͬȵȡ
ƻĽ»صѧ棬һ͵ڵܹƵǿߵģҪ̤뻯۷壬һӲָ꣬յA1һǿʵľ廮֣֡
һ֣һĻ۷ʦܹӳ۷徳ʵ޷һ纫ѧԪڡ
ڶ֣ǿߡڹ̻۷徳֮ѧھõȷȷһɵػɱһĻ۷ʦ̩ߡҰޡԶΧ֮ڡɱս˵Ҳɹһࡣ
֣۷ǿߡѾ׽۷徳˼£Էӳǿʵڰɭ͢ϣӢ³ϣǶ۷ǿߡ
֣ǿߡǳԽ˻۷徳ڵļޣ翰޵еĴڣѾʼͻ񾳡ҵľƷ塢ءڰ÷ɭձ̻ʡ̻˹ˣԻֵһࡣ
֣벽񾳡˵ûͻƴ˵е񾳣мһһԽھתΪ¹˹桢ĵ̣Իֵһࡣ
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طȻ򣬾ƻôһͣˡ
С磬ڵʵӦڶǿ߷룬ʵսӦýڶǿߺ۷ǿ֮䣬ҲȺɱôඥǿߵԭ򡣡
ƻĶطʵս壬Ȼڵʵ۷ǿߣܶԷĿԼΪ㣬ɱ飬Ӧû⣬Կһһоǿ߶֣ϣΪ㡣
š
طͷܹشڰĵɭȻں˹̩ȭȭطԵʣΪʱĵɭδܷӳǿս޷
ҲҪ١
ƻ˵˸ž⣬ǷݾޣΪ㣬ֻǻڣɻɱǿߣȫѧʷ϶Ǿ޽еģ
ЩνǿˣҲ޷һ㡪ľ磬Կ羳ɱһĻ۷ʦ
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£ƻеľޱڴ
ڴطܹͻƻ۷壡
ƴʦģһ޲ԼŬȡͻƻ۷壡
طȻս˫ȭһᶨ
죬ͨƻĸղǷ֪ԼĿǰĴΣգʵھ㡣
ĽȸкΣУŬС
ţ϶
ƻĵͷطĿΡ
ţطܹھлȥͻƻ۷壬ȻĹ۵㡪ϣ˿ͻƴ˵е񾳣Ǹһط磡
ûѧЩ۷ʦĻ˵طֱΪ
ˣ´û´Ļᰵлعһ˰ɣ
ƻͻȻ뵽ʲôʵ
š
طͷ
ʵȻܹػع޷ؽعҪȥһ˵Ļûܹס
˻ȥҪ㸸ĸڴʮԲ֮⣬Ҫȥ̫ү
ȥ֮󣬾٣Ҫֳƻѵ
õģƴʦ
طͷӦƻĺͻ֯ȥ鷳ȴû뵽ԸΥ




1285 Ϣ
顭
طĻ£ű졣
طǰȥţա
ЦطļȻ߽䣬ƻĻ㱨ʦ̻˹¥ˡ
š
ƻ΢΢ףȻطС磬һȥӭһ½̻˹ɡϾǳġ
á
طͷȻ֪̻˹ΪԼܾ֮͢Ȼ϶ԼʾãҪԷʾл
󣬵طƻߵݿڵʱ򣬵ǡõƻķڵ¥㡣

һ죬Ŵ򿪣̻˹Ͱط硢ƻĺ˵
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УĿ˲㱻طϴ΢ЦĿȴЩӡ
̻ʱ£ôҲǰ˵һҺôСȥǡ
ƻ΢Цк˿ûаڼӣǸ˹ء
Ϊ˹Ϊȫǿ֮⣬ƹŽ͢ȨƵ֮һ
ң˹ȫѧһϯ
ƣװѣ֮仹Ҫô
˹ЦЦȻ밲߳ݣطļͷˣȻûгҵԤϣĺ㡣
лл
طлһ˫أǸл˹Ҳڸл˹Űϣǰս
ˣؿ
˹ƵЦЦȻ˵Ĳ濼һ½ܰİ⣬͢𣿡
ৣ
Ȼ˹仰˲ͬĺһ
ͷȥط磬ǲһֻС¹ƵģĴײķ·Ҫĳɤһ㡣

ƻĺնЩȻû뵽˹Ȼֱӵصǵˣұϲط硣
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Сѡ͢Ҳ˵ѡΪʲôҪأƻЦЦȻԼķ䡣
Ⱥ棬һߣһ߿طıӰϵЦݺѾȻ޴棬ȡ֮ʧ䡣
Ϊ֪طһξܾע󲻻͢Ϊˣ
ʮӺ˹Ű뿪˾Ƶꡣ
Ƶ꣬ƻĴкʵ˹ط粻ģط緢롣
ǰŸûãݿ³ϵͬ£Ҳ˾Ƶꡣ
ݿûаݷƻģֱҵط硣
׼ȷ˵Ϊ֪طھƵ꣬ԲǰصظϹġ
װģһ̩ķء
ݿطھƵĺ԰Уһߣһ̾˿Ҳ֪кܶҪԣͷֻһˡ
ݿлл֧ҡطûнӻǱ˸л
װģ˵ܶˣ֮䲻ҪллĻңǷݶ飬ⱲҲꡣ
ݿЦһ֪֮ԽϵԽԶϣԼطԶ
á
ط̾˿ܸܵݿԼİ⣬ͬʱҲܸܵӢҶԼ̬ת䡣
ˣװģ¸£ҸҪٰʮ٣ΪӢѣһҪŶ
ݿͻȻ뵽ʲô˫۷ؿط磬üĿ֮価ڴ
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ˣװģһڵĴˣˣĿǰδ֪״̬³Ǵ̿һϵɱ֣̿Ҳ
ۿطӦԼ룬ݿЦһ仨Ȼ뵽ʲôɿ˵
ˡ
һΣطػڴֻһ¡
طóֻһȻ·һϢϢһͼƬͼƬʾݿ˵ǽ֯һڴ
ھʮλϣʮ꣬̿ǿˣʵս۷塣
ע1ǰ潻սȫϡصɱ֯̿ˣô̿˵İɱֶΡҲ˵ͨɱֶɱߵˡ
ע2طɱ̩ߡҰˣʵεֵʱй

ͬʱ
һҿŷ޵ϣΨһĺ׷
÷ɭˣ²˳ϡ¬ⳤϣԭǵļƻƾҩȫҪһ֣ͬʱѰѧ츳ĺӣͬʱȴҸ׳֮ҡڶıĸ֡
ڣ֯޸֯̿ˡˣиǵֵеĻҪǿ󡣡
˶ڴ˷İΪոڰһڴЩͳǱҪı֮ǰڵļƻˡ֮ǵ취׽طǸ֣õϵع֮⣬ҲҪ취ѰҸ׵ˣôȥĻǵźͺۿۣ
˶˵мֵӦ㸸״չصĵطԣǳ˵֮⣬
÷ɭͷϿ˶ⷬȻڻ׽ط磬ֻҪкʵĻᣬ²˳Ϻ¬ⳤ϶жġĿǰ˵ֻܰ㸸֮ǰµļƻʵʩ
÷ɭˣǱõطǸֵع
˶ٴһ㣬
ΪΪڰ֮ӵѾط͸ǿ˦˺档
ΨеõطعſڶʱγɳԽЩĴˣΪʱ¸һǣ
ǵģعǺҪ
÷ɭͷͣ˶ļ飬طع˶ҪҶڰᶼޱҪ
磬ѧˣǷͬ¹˹һѰҵͨ񾳵·
÷ɭ˲ͬ̿˵Ľɭδϵһʱ뿪ȣסȵһǼƵ
ģ֯ȻֻڴĵھʮλǸطδҪ֮ϣǸӹ£ǽ֯Ǵ̿ˣ
ϵ֪һڴϢ֮ûðɣһˬ
ϣֻǸѣʵʵο֯Ҳעǰսʵǰɱóľǰɱ
ɭѵһִģǿҵĺʤġ
ʤǿԴʹһ˽۵ʱҲ׼ӱҪһżǿǿȥܡ
Ŀǰ˵ƺ߱һ㣬ýɭЩʧͬʱҲЩġ
֪ǶҺʹ̿˵裡
Ȼ϶Դ˹ڻһɱ˵ҲӦҸɵǸط磬Ǹ۾úÿһ


1286 
طԾѹɱ̩ǿĸزָԤ䣬ȫѧϯ֯ƻһ
ط֮սĵڶ죬Ϣȫ硢ѧ鱨Ӱǰ
һ棬ط类Ϊȫѧһһˣǵһǿˡһսߴ壡
һ棬ƻĵǿƳ֣ȫѧ˵ϣҲܹȻΥȫѧ˵Ĺ涨ϳͣ
һЩΪƻĵĳ֣Ҳ棬ͻѧȫѧطǿĺܣ
طڵʵܹŵ
֮⣬Ҳڰ̳͸֮飬˸ֱڰ̳֯ķˣ֯δӦ
طɱ̩ȭѧʤ̩ȭ
ͬʱȫһЩҪý壬Ҳ׷׶α˱ڱвδ͸©ϸڣֻǱһսĽͬʱҲһս塣
һսطĸ֮սѧź֮սǻѧ̩ѧʱʮһ棡
һΣѧʤ
ڸýһսӰپڵ硢ߣɢͨȺС
ڻĹڵ΢ƽ̨ϣطֱӱˢˣרطϽй
ȻЩռֻһЩƤëڻнͣط糹ױ磬һʱЩС⡢СĪ
Ƕѧֱըˣ
Ȼ¾ڵİ༶ѧǶԴ˸߲ҵһ죬Ȼ¾˽첢ûϿΣԻᱻΧˮйͨ
һܼô
һڿν֮ûһʰα뿪ǵ°ͣߵϦаԼ
ûд𰸡
Ϧӳβ˿ؿϳڴ
ڴܹط磬һΣ
˵СǷˣ˰ɣ
ͬʱѧı׼ƽź˫ϲһ̬ѧ̩ȭôţƵĳɾͰ
У
ƽһͱӡ
ֵǣ˵ĸ˵طֵͬ¡ֵܣطֵһվڡȹƣ᲻𣿡
ƽȻ⣬۷Ź˵ģҪǻˣëߵİ࣬ǳԺõĺġģ𣡡
һΣûлӦƽΪĸ˽
ϴҡ
ƽŵæվһֻţǱٶȱСǮѿӻ졣
ط˵ֵܣĳ裡ٺ˵˵·
ѵһ䣬Ȼת뿪ȴǺƽһЩСС

ྩ²ݡ
°ٴ
ͬһнòĴȲãΪݺò֮뿪˰ᡣ
ܣ˵СǲèģѲо
һնЩƵ˵
ط統ڽңĶַ㣬ڵּ˸ϳֱӽַͽ˼
һУط֮ǣڵط类ϳ֮һֱڵطϢһδεڴնʧطǵûɱˣҳΪˣΪѧӢۣ
ҾͲһֱ
ܱЩϣط糬γˣ
طһңҵʧԶԶּң
ˣҲᴦĻǣطһطϳˡ
ԭһΪط뿪ģʧȥӻ֮󣬳ǶĳƧ¶棬ɣʵһĶ⣡
⣬˵֯ƻġմѧҪȥȣǸСӼƻĺͻ֯Ҳ̫ſ˰ɣ
ٴο˵Ϊˬ
£֪ƻĺȫѧ˵ְԼලȥģѧԷȥģ¡
ܵı䣬ǷѾ˼طϳģϣطʧȥӻƻĺͻѧôһ֣طļǿܣ
ˡƵغһڲˮ
С˵ʱڱQҼ˶ãӰ첻ǡ
о˸Ц֮⣬ҲﵽؼķѵĿģⲽչǶԵġ
š
Ͽɵصͷؽڴطϵ̬ȣ䷭Ϊİˣһ˵ܵһӰ졣
ϾؽΪ˰ϧëԼӶԴô׷ˣǿʱΪӣ

ྩؼҴԺ
ؽ֮ͬһص鷿
ͬǣûĺͷļҲûп飬һݻ㱨ϡ
ط뾳㱨
ǻ㱨ϵı⡣
ݻ㱨ȫؽָʾһʱռġ
СʱؽؿݲϣȻϣޱ飬˫ۡ
һ̣û֪Щʲô


1287 
ҹŵʱɫѾ׺ټɽׯһƬžֻŵƹ⣬Եø塣
ǰãطȻ³׻Ƶܲʱȣ׻Ƶ٣ܹסɽׯľ͸ˡ
ҹĻ£طһ˹˹Ӱɽׯ𿪳¡
طƻĵ˺󣬻صסı¹һͣȻӵĵ绰֪ϸ۽̸ϰĺμƶߺɽׯҪݼط硣
Ұѽͺٰ12űˡ
ʻ1ű֮½ͣ£ɿ˹һػ㱨
£һȥ
طţȻҸ̸ʱ䣬Ŀǰ׻Ƶ״һ£ԺǿСᡣ
ǣ
ºԼͬؿڻӦ̬Ⱦʮֹ
ط12űʱ򣬽ͺڴǰϰݺõĲ裬ûкȡ
С㣡
ط硢˽ţͺٵһʱʺá
þòط΢΢һЦʾ˵
ҺͺϺϹۿǸսףսʤΪѧ⣡
֮󣬽ٴοڣ˵úҲʾ˹Σ֪طһս塣
лл
ط΢ЦлȻ䲻ʵǻͷͨλǰսҵŰݷã»ع֮ǣô
˾ΪȣȻȥЩ
ƽػӦͺƺط׼һȻ
Ŷ
ط˼ؿ˽ͺһۣʵ֪רǰʲô𣿡
ǳۿı䣬໪һ֮⣬Ҳ뿴ͬʱʾʲôҪġ
һΣڵǺ٣ͽ֮ǰѾЩˡ
ȻҲĵĻ
ϾǴ˴ǰĿΪ˵Ͷ״طȻϳ˻ģȻطƴӣ
ʾҵλȻڹ۵ŰݷãǱط統ѡһֱҶҵѡǽʲôҪҳԮģܿڡ
طԣ˵˼Ӧ
㾴һߣҾһɡ
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨
طһֱĴԭ
Ȼ֪ͺΪĿǰϾ£ѡǰͶ״ȻͶ״Ҹһѵĳŵ
лл
ͺټط׷վл
һУֻΪ֪ܹΪطζʲô
ȻѣͲؿ⣬Ҫڻ߳װ֮һ¸ϵڵһЩط˰֣׳һ鵰⡣

ٴطĻǺ٣ǱΪϺĽ嶼סˣһʱ֪νӻ
Ƕط½ڵһЩɫ⽻Ǵǲ֪طĵģ̽
׬ǮǷ׬ǮҶں
һ̣ȽͺٻػطٴοڣԼҪҲ˵ǣҵҪֻһǽ߾ȫռ˺׷ǵĺϣкϱ֤ȷ䡣
ǣһָʾȫȥ£
æڣ¾״Щ
ˣο٣
һ̣ǶֱڱеĸоޱѡȰݷط磡
Ϊԣռҵ˵ĺϣûжΣգطǵĻرȴΪ
Žͺټģ
֪Ǹ׷ԣǮѾû̫ˡ
ط֣ݺ͵λ
ط㽫ĵĻɫ⽻ͺٴǻðŷǰݷáͶҲ˵ռҵ˵ĺϣΪ

ʮӺ󣬽ͺ˻ż뿪ɽׯ
طָʾ12ű
ҰָʾղŽڵһ顣ĿǰǲΧԱĳԱңҪڱͶǡУǱ߻ѾתƵ˼ô󣬶߻̩Ϊ
֮󣬵һʱ㱨Ŀǰ漰Ʒʡ˽ͰֲҵڵһЩϷҵʲǧڣֽҡ߼Ѿ⸶ˡ
ˮͺֵͻȻǳ֣ʧ޴󣬲Ǹ˾޴ҵǵĺĳԱ˲أǺܶĵ̺Ͳҵʧǧڡ
á
طͷȻ̸ǣǲʺϼˣҪ»طӪ
š
º׷׵ͷͬطĹ۵㡣
߼ǰƿ̩ļ壬طѾ߼峹׵ˣ塣
һ£ֵ̩İ֤ط߼塢ĶԹ׻Ƶ̩Ҳ粽С
ǽҪ¡
һѸٽ̩ĲҵȻѡôӪĵص㣬ôӪǨ׼Ҫ⻪ġ̩طͲҵ˳
ڶϧһдбǸ֣ýǮѧȸ
ȫΧѰѧ츳õĺӣԻΪͷ䡢Ժӥˣ
طţȻֿ䣬ֱ˺ֵĽ֣ںֵһع飬ҸʵĻᣬȥһ㣡
ǣ
º׷Ǽ
һ죬պȫ׻Ƶʼ


1288 ع
Ϧ£ƻ輴٣ྩʻæµһܼܷɻڿйƲŵĵ£Ȼɽ䡣
ʱһϹྩĿͻ׼ʱڻ䡣
ɻ֮ͣͷȲյǣ
Źİڿսõ΢ЦϹУ뿪˻ա
һɫİ£ëͳ£ƤЬ˸һֳȶ˧ĸо
Ȼ
ս֮˿ĳʣҲĴ磬֮ǰһϸڡ
ǵǻ֮ͬͷȲյһλϹ̽ĴУڿս㲻ŵע£һάЦݵǴڨ֮гֺãʼնûôᡣ
ˣϹ̽ĴҲûκβʼչЦݡ
λ̽о˺࣬սǶϤϹϼ
һ£Ƕǵݳ˺档
֪Ǹ굽Ǻηʥſλ̽ǰ㱰ϥǽʾ֭Ҳ벻
ԼĪʮӺŹİߵڣȻվڳڡ
һҲһ£׻ɫģɫֱ֯Ͳ͸߸ЬһİˣվŲĿ⡣
˵Ŀ޷εľ޺ŮǵĿгĽʺޡ
òʡƸ
չֵһУǺܶŮġ
𣿡
ڲٵעУӭǣһ΢ЦʵȻǵĸ첲
Ů
һĻջĿ⣬вԼͬðĸ֡
Ӻ󣬻ǣ˻ͣһ˹˹Ӱǰ
ȥүүҪ
ϰԵںţİŵһԣȻڼʻλϵĻն
õġ
յͷҪ״̤ؼҴԺȻؽȥؼ̫ү졣
ԭؼ̫үļǺ죬ؽںһǳҪĻ飬޷ȱϯǱ㽫ǰˡ
٣ǼһӲôڶ
Ȼ뵽ȫĻѧPK̩ȭ¼̲ס˵
еǼһﲻǱˣط磡
ͲһֱǱȻģֻ¡
Ц֮гź⣬ǸоͲط糬
ǵġ
ϣԼλõܡ
ΪڻϽӵطѩġ񡯣طĺﵽԸӵĵزѱ˾⣡
ҾҲǡ
еĺ⣬պʶȤظһ䣬Ȼֵѩúܴ󣬶Һܶදǳǻģ
٣ѩʲôΪλõֻܳҪλõھ⣬Ҳûˣ㲻ҪQһм
á
չɵشӦ
ˣҹʱӦÿԵྩ
ΪطѩϢת˻⣬˵Լ顣
𣿡
ԣһϲ
ΪҹྩططྩǶĹ÷ʽ
ڶΪط磬⵽;¬ұ䵽˱ԵϹһˮš
̶̲ʱ䣬ǱϹҪλ
һΣܹྩĻȻе;ͨ»صȨ˵У
š
ǵͷżưǰ죬Ҹү£Ӧþܶ
ĸţ̲סʵ
˵ġ
еĽŨǻĻȨĲ֮һҿԽύܶˣĥط
װģӦÿƿףһ¡
һȸԾǵ;Խ˳δԽǺϱ
á
ͬ⣬ǰףһ²ûʲôá
ؼ̫ү죬ֻƶѡ
ؼ̫үûκθ飬Թޣ
Թؼ̫үطšţطѩ㶨»Լ
һӦö
ˣ̫ү죬ǼһİȥôպȻ뵽ʲô
Ѿ׸ؼûϵˣүүû֪ͨǡ
ЦΪطĹϵҲǺˣؼҾѵĽ⡣

ྩ½ԺסĽ¥
һ鷿̣鷿ƣ·Żһ㡣
ԭܾǰˣָˣǰ󡪡°صҵڣûԣ̡֧
̳̫ˣ
ͻȻ鷿űƿǺúһǰ̣Ȼ
ûлشĬĬδȼ̣üͷšһ
ȥһȥүүȥɣҲ㡣
״֪Щʲô̲ס̾˿
ȻΪط飬뿪ؼң֪ѾһĲ
ȥԼȥҡҡͷ̬Ⱥܼ
á
Ȼ⣬ȻʣҪҪС绰ҾүүգСӦû
ܻǲ绰Ҳ֮Ǵ˵绰Ҳ޷ϻ
ٴҡͷңҾãСҲѡԼȥүү졣
Ҳǣүүĸ̫ˡ
ͷϿĻȻȦ΢΢һ죬żֲ硭үүţСô
ԣû˵ʲôߵǰһ§סļͷȥɣ³
ˡ
῿ļͷʣȻ¡
ͷһۣȴĬ
ͬʱ
ϸۻһȷϸ۵Ŀͻ׼ʱڻ䡣
Ǹѧ統ɽ꣬ڱϳ֮״̤˻ĵأ


1289 ˵Ĺ
ྩ𽵿ͻ½ԣȻ÷æݡ
ʮ֣һϸ۷ྩĿͻ׼ʱ䡣
Ƥߵط磬һȺ߳ۡ
ִϸ֮ûгֱӳ˻ྩ
ոƵƤ߱ãÿһƤ߶ӦݣһļǲģҪϸ߿Ƽ飬ͻ¶ڡ
ʮӺطȺ߳Ȼһ⳵
ֵܣȥģ⳵˾ʵ
ӳ·
طûֱ˵ȥ˱ɽĹֻ˵һµĵطȻֲ·ʱͣһ£㶫
ֵ֡ܣǰ˱ɽĹҹȥɶ
⳵˾һתؿط磬Ǹо·Լ˸
ȥ˱ɽĹֻǸ
طЦҲ֪ҹó⳵˾ԼȥĹеˡ
Ҿ˵дҹȥĹġ
⳵˾˿ؿڣȻ
󣬳⳵˾ط٩ɽط綼ûôᣬǽĿͶ⣬ŵƻͨྩǣ鸴ӡ
죬صͷ­ѪȥĹңصƬĹȴԼʵݣһݡ
Ϊʱ̫Եʣ´ŵĸϢûؼҡ
мҲܹ顣
ʵдա
֮£ֻðҹȥ˱ɽĹ̫үȻٻؼҡ
Сʱ󣬳⳵˾ͣһ24Сʱԣط³ȥһӰ׾ƺһ̣Ȼϳ
ֹ˰Сʱطھ˱ɽĹһĵط³ȳ⳵Զȥ󣬲űŰʧҹɫ
˱ɽ̫յԴʢͻҵȰֿ
˱ɽʵǾ³ȴһƬںǰǷسˣиɽǻáڿɽİϣһ졢ɴءľľŵȥһƬʽĽаһ
ط̫ү㰲ھԶĵط
ʮӺطͬһ˱ɽĹĹһƬžط֪ؼƬʿվڡĹֹƻĹء
ڵĳʱڷ㱻ϸơ
Ƭ̺طȻϢؼ̫үĹǰ
ҹɫŨطվĹǰȻؿĹ̫үƬ
һŴŰ·װƬؼ̫үʱĵġ
ڻĳǰϦؼ̫ү첿һ·£սʤ硣
ƬУؼ̫үᣬĹŲõЦݣЦгڴڴ»ĵĳ
λŴǻۡˣ䣬֤һС
ͬЩˣ˻
ĹƬؼ̫үǰİģĻ˵Ƥ˶帣ҪԭʼȥЩս߹֡
ϡ̫үСˡ
ţţطڣЩ
ͨ
£˫ϥݺݵڵϣ̫үĹǰȻȡ±ӱȡҩˮҩˮȥԼߣʵĿ̫ү
һУͷȻóƿͷšȻڵϡ
̫үΪ˱ⱻĹսʿ֣ҾͲˣֻȾơ
ط̫үĹǰ˵ƣȻһƿ򿪵ľƣͷһһƿͳؿڵʱÿ죬գۼ䣬뿪Ѿһˡ
̫үڹȥһ꣬˺ܶ飬Ҳ˺ܶ顣
˵ط̫үĹǰЩƣȻ򿪵ƿƣһڣżһҶɱձձֵüɹձ˳ϣٴΪǳսֻһЩϢ
ڶҴѧμȫѧ˹ھ
ʶӲμȫֱԸԳض˹ھǰԸ
̫үǲӦÿң
ط̫үƬǸо·̫ү̸һԼĳǰȻһУ̶ܴΪ̸ҵغǹĺҵѧʵԽܸоķǷ
ҪŶãҿԸչ֮
ط̲ס̾˿ȻǺȰˮһһڶƿ׾ƺ˸⡣
̫үЩǸ˵飬ҲһЩ˵顣磬Һؽַˡ
뿪죬ΪҰģңҴˣؽ˶ܴ
ҺٴηͻʱƫĲ˵ҶΪŰҽҴؼҳͱ¸ҵͷ
ڣǱ뿪˻ģҰҲ˶Ͼ˹ϵ뿪ؼң
˵طЩͳˣִһƿƣһ˸⣬ż̫үҸ˵ЩǸ״ҲбֻЩܾˣû˵ֻܽĻ㡣
̫үҺһĺҵؼҵѪ˵ǶҵˣҺǴϹͷŽ
˵ţ˵ţطȦ֪ˣҲһ˿ʱԼúõһˣΪʲôӣѵؼˣؽӣҾͲôΪʲôҪңҵʲô
ûлӦ
طر˫ۣۿӿǼӻ䡣
һ̡
ǸûΪ֮һԶ
Ǹȫѧ磬ѧ統ɽ
Ǹɱȫɱ߱ɱ֮ߣһ塯Ļ
ڱرؼҳʱûпޣڱ뿪ĹҡƬĹʱҲûпޡ
һ̣һƥ˵ĹǣǸ۰˵Ĺǰ˿ɬˮ
ৣ
Ȼ
ӹ˫ۣȦȻ죬ѿĺѹеֻǼᶨ
̫үΣҿظ㱣֤Դұ㶪֮һûйҲûжԲؼҡ
طٴ̫үƬһһ
ಣ
£طͻȻĿ絶һɨԶһòɣֱӵضͬһ㣬ȥ
Ϊ
ڸղһ˲Ӧɺһˣ




1290 ż
ţ
˲Ϣ֮䣬طӵ˲ɺ󷽣ֲɺյģûӰ
طһȻѸٳܿȥϸϸӦ
һ룬룬롭
ʱţطûп˵ӰӣҲûκ֮ǰӦǵϢҲʧӰ٣·δֹһ㡣
ѵҳ˻þ
طջĿ⣬΢΢üͷ
Ӧá
طҡҡͷֿԡ
Ȼղ˰׾ƣǵƻֻþ
ңΪ۵ľۺʱεضᱣϰߣԼӦ
Ȼ
ɺûˣΧҲûз˵ټ˼⡣
ΪǿֻĵĴڣҪ˲뿪Ҳй¶Ϣͱ¶ӹĸӦ
Ҳ˵ĸӦû⣬ǸղųֵǵϢ˺пǴ˵еǿߣ
ֻ˵ϻûǿĴڡ
⣬һ򲽽ԷǿߣΪΰҹؼ̫үĹǰ
ӦҴ飬˻þɡ
գط绹Ƿ˵ĿԣţȻٴλصؼ̫үĹǰ
һΣû֮ǰ̫ү졯ǾиӦΧһС
ʮӹȻûзκ쳣㳹״еǣʼ̫ү졯廨ţСʱƤ£ҲнڷһЩ顣
һҹطһ߸̫ү졯һߺȰ׾ƣȵʱ򣬳˸̫үĹǰһƿƣƿȫ˶
ʲôˣʲôʱģ
ߵӵʱĹսʿѲߵʱط磬һֱӶ˸ǹʵ
ɽͬ־ӣصɨĹûáطվش
ûã
սʿɨһطµİ׾ƿȻɵؿط硣
š
طͷһ̫үϲȾƣ˵㡣
û£սʿٴʵ
㿴𣿡طЦŷʡ
սʿԣû˵ʲôֱ뿪ˡ
ȻطǸոսģطɽ
Ϊطд˱ˣȦ죬۽Ǹǻۡ
طȻԸ֤ûкȶࡣ
ž
սʿ뿪֮طọ́һ㣬һԼ飬δ뿪
Ϊһβף̫үף׼ٸ̫үһᡣ
ͬʱ
ؼҴԺſͣ죬һžƣŵطգ粣½Ǿţ֤ͨ
оƵؽר˵ר
ߵ֣һоƵĺʻĺԺſڣһ˴ӳ¡
հǵָʾûпޱȣؼкܵ۵˹˹Ӱ
³֮һɫװĻգǰȺǽԺżҪߵĺԺԼ
ԣؼңԾš
죬ǵżԾţ
СǣСԺţҺȥԺүү
ڻռѵʱŤͷ˵һ䣬Ȼ߽ؼҴԺǵĸ׽
ǼҹرȽϣСδǲ׼Ժġ
ǵһ䣬Ȼ뵽һޱȼʵ顣
طΨһһʾؼĺԺԺؼ̫үؼС
֪ˡ
յ˵ͷȻƽһ飬߽˺ܾõĺԺ
ԺĶرŮҶٻڣ˸ոãǡսţæӭ磬ɩӣ
ӡСٻ
ǡӦԵ𣬶ر׽ҶٻĮ
Ȼ˻Ҷٻǻġ飬ڻ
Ͳ塢ͷˡ
Ҷٻ⣬ǿһۿյԺţ̲ס̾˿̫үǰ۷ˣ֪粻ȥɨĹ
Ҷٻ㲻˵û˰㵱ưͣ
ҶٻĻɫ΢΢һ䣬üѵطѾؼˣǻĵͷͨұϳ˻ģôȥ̫үɨĹʲôʸ񣿡
˵û
رͷ͵Ѿûʸȥ̫үɨĹˡһ򲽽̫үھȪ֪֮һУ϶ҲүүһϳؼңȻף
ҶٻƲƲ죬ٿȴǲͬǡر˵Ļ
һ棬ţǸط統ͷ⡢б˻Ὣطϳؼҡף
һ棬ҲؼΪΪطеϧˣΪؽؼҶطֱ̫ˣ
ͬʱԺ򸾡ɷ׷˴к
磬ָղŴȭȥ·ˡк˵
ؽÿ춼᳿Ǵȭʮһգ۹ôæûмϹ
Ļ£ؽ߳
ȥ˲ľװһɫɽװһ¡
֡
ؽ߳æʺá
š
ؽ΢΢ףһ࣬η
֡Ĳ֪ͨɩ𣿡
ԥһ£ûסʵ
ؽüͷһûлش
״ѵСãʲôвȥѵ뿪ؼҵ𣿶ңȥүүɨĹĻҪ֪ͨԼ𣿡
ĻؽһԣȥƺĬĻ
״̾˿
ΪԲǸھȪ֮µϣľ档
֪ǣһҶȥɨĹ
ңǸϳؼҡ뿪ĵ꣬Ѿһҹˡ
Ǻܿͻż


1291 ·
ؽݣߵ칫»˽£о棬㣬Χ֣죬ֻľҼְ˾
ؽûרΨȫš
ʻλϣȫͨ⾵һۺŵؽֺλϣ֮ǰ൴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮Ǻƣ
ƣ
ؽϼδֹ
٣ȫؽôˣǵһο
οؽոմȭ۾嶼˷У
ڽǸ׳۰Ｐ丸ĸڣ׳Ҳùɣ
ȫţûҿڴؽ
Ϊýֺͷ뵽ʱؽǹײ
һ·޻רûоǰ£һСʱִ˰˱ɽĹ
ѳ߽ͣͣȥ
ٽ˱ɽĹſڵʱؽһοڣָʾ
ǣ׳
Ա˾һѪϢ꣬һʱȻʻĹһͣ
һĻ˲δе⡣
ΪǶ֪֮ǰûиصλкֻҪյԻһʱϱȻ빫Ĺصλĸ˾ԻһʱϵĹ
ؽһϲȨ˽µʱϲģǺܵ͵
ؽؼ˶ԣɨĹ˽¡
֮ͣؽȫţƿţȥȻһԲֱ˹Ĺڡ
˼״ҷϻæϣСֱ档
Ӻؽһȣؼ߽˹Ĺš
ȻؽȲδ⡣
Ϊ˱ɽĹĴ֮ͬ꣬ʤÿ춼ԺյǰɨĹ
ȻԺ޶ȵġ
ؽԣԺѲڻĵĵλ
ɽĹǰطδȥҲ֪ؽǰɨĹ
ٴεȼ֧̣һ֧̫үһ֧Լ顣
̫ү֧̣Ҿˡ
طһȻ³һŨܵᶨ̫үƬʱ㣬ʱҽѩҲϣ
£ط̣Ȼս˫ȭ
ϰףֻнѩȢţſԴѩ̫үɨĹ
һ£ղŵĻиȪ֮µ̫үһŵһ֮ػصģ߽ңҼԴֻѩΪԼӣ
Ӻط̣ϵľƿͷȫ𣬶ȻվߵĹǰӵһĹǸо·ӵ̫ү
һУŰ뿪
ţ
һ֮طһߵĹĵ·ϣ㿴ӭؽˡ
֣ͫ׶ȻŲҲ΢΢һ٣ܿȥʲôҲûƵģǰȥ
ৣ
ͬʱؽҲط磬Ǵײһ㣬ɫͳͳһ䣬Լͬͣ˽Ų
УؽܿԼıָյ״̬ͬʱüط硣
ô
ȿڣ֮г𾪡
ǰ̩𣿡
Ҳˣ֪ط̩飬֪طѧ̩ȭ˱䣬õѧ֧֡
ûпͬؽһֱضط磬鼫Ϊ
ǣǡգرıҲѿ
ΨҶٻǷ´½һ㣬ʶؾ硭羹Ȼ̫үɨĹˣѵ֪ǽҪɨĹ𣿡
ûлش
ؽŲӭ泯طȥĿѴطŲǸо·ط
ţ
˼״æϡ
ɲǼ䣬涨
Ĺĵ·ϣطؽ಻ʮףӭӭ
Ǽؽ¸طͷ֮˫ĵһ棡
·꣡
һ̣ؽûпط磬طҲûȥؽ˫İˣ˵Ŀʼطϡ
ʮףʮףʮףס
˫ֻ׵ʱؽĿбӡŲͣȫûдط˼
طȻ
ط磬ûʸ
Ȼؽȴͣ˽Ų۶ط磬ͳ
̫үҪʸô
طԣüͷһͬͣ˽ŲӭĿ⡣
ط磡
ۿطԼײͱһŭ𣬰Ͳط糬ǣ·ˣĿŭط磬ͺѾؼҳˣʲôʸ￴̫үУ㲻Ҫˣǻͷͨͨ㶮ôֻᶪ̫үֻҪһ绰о;ץ㡭
ž
һ̡
ǵĻȻֹĶͻȻ
طƾճǵԣһƳǵϡ
˲䱻÷ͬƵģڿת˺üȦȻһԵУһ׻ʡ
طһ˹ȥ

ͻһĻ˲ڳÿһˣ
ؽ֮ͫ⣬˾ǵɴ۾һĿɿڴؿط磬Ǹо·ʣôô
ң
ԡ
ط绺˵ĸ֣Ȼɵ۵ˣֱת뿪
Сǣ
ǣ
ǵĸ׺ͻյ¾سǡ
ءط磬վס
һŭسط磬Ǹо·Ҫطץסһ١
Ҫߣң
طͣ½Ųתޱض
ûлش
ĽŲ˲ͣ£Ǳʩħһ㣬Ӳضԭأһ
еǸҶط綯֣طԻһ
ط磬ĲҰĵط
ʱǰؽͻȻͺһɢλߵϢư磬̩ɽѹ
ؽڻҰ㽫Ϊĵˣ
ؽĵͺ𣬸ؽǺ˵ƣطȻ޾ӭؽĿ⣬һһӦ
㡭
ؽ
Ӧңû
طؽĻȻٴתȥ
ֳһƬ
һǰ
̫үȥһ죬طһƣΪ飬Ϊ˸ĸѡͷ¹ϴѵ⡣
졣
̫үյǰһ죬ٴδһƣţ飬ѡǿƣȥ˸


1292 Ѻ۱Ͽ
ŵӵʱ򣬺ĵڰ˱ɽĹһƬ͡
ڽ첻ĩǰɨĹ˲̫࣬ؽվڵ·Եøۡ
£ؿط米Űȥ˿
УؽüͷطıӰһ࣬Ҳ֪ʲô
򸾡رһŭȴŭԡ
ɷһ±ƣû뵽ᷢ顣
Ҷٻ۷Ź⣬ֻǰǵӰΰ
һ棬ļؼҼҹط֮⣬û˸ҵų涯֣û˸Ҷײ곤ĳ
طΨһһҲֹһΣ
ΪҪǣط뿪֮Ϊָƣڴѧѹ̩ȭѧҫ
ǵעУط罥нԶʼսŲδͣûлͷ
Сǣ
ǣ
ͬʱǵĸ׺ͻճ嵽ԣǷȻǵףһİӡѣȾѪ
⸱״۶ַŭȴ֪طĽطʵ²ھҲһǡ
˵ĺĻʹǻ۾
ղŻʣҪΪŹȺ̫ŭû뵽ط˵ֱӵؽ˵˹ȥ
㡭û°ɣ
ռۣæʵ
ûлشգգ۾ȻѸѰطӰطѾڣһŭʵءطǸ쵰أ
ȫ绰绰֪﷢飬ϵͻ֯طʵʩץ
ʱؽǲ޴󰭣ָʾͳӹɡ
ǣ
һʱӦ
£ϵķŭ˼֣Ȼһʱ䰴ؽָʾóֻϵڹĹͣȫ
׳Ҵ绰˵һ¡
绰ͨȿڣһղһиȫ

Ļȫֱɵˡ
˱ɽĹ·ϣڰ̾ϢǸɽ۰겻ǰɨĹȴû뵽ط粻ˣؽؽ涯ִǡ

ۿȫ첻Щٴοڡ
ת׳ھȥ£
ȫξѣæظͨ󣬲δһʱ绰ϵɣֻ˼ƺޱ𾪵Ϣ
˰ӣȫŲͨɵĵ绰
ȫ磬ôҴ绰ˣǲ׳ʲôµָʾ
绰ܿͨɵͨߵ紫ɡá
һУֻΪҲ֪طѧѹ̩ȭ飬ΪطΪе
ɣҪ˵أ׼
ȫûֱ⣬ǸɴԤ롣
ʲôɵһ㶡
㵱ɽǸˡȫһ˵ǣٴοڡ
Ȼ
һΣȫĻ˵꣬ɱ㾪ϣ˵ط磿ˣ
ţˣڰ˱ɽĹ
ȫǸɻشȻ׳ļգ׳ΪҪμҪ飬ؼڽǰ׳ɨĹطˡ
ৣ
ɵɫ˲ˣֱվ
Ȼȫû˵ĻǸط϶ʲôȫ¡
˵ѵط䣬طֱӵ׳ǣһв׳
ȫĻӡ֤ɵĲ²⡣
ɳԭء
ΪǶôӡ
ԼɽǸ꣬ͷ϶ŻͷͨͷԻعҵؽǣΪؼǵвؽ
ؽ˭
ǻȨƵ֮һ
ȫȫ磬׳ô˵
Ϊƶߣһżǿ࣬ܿǿԼ侲һѪʳ˹ؼ
׳֪ͨ㣬ϵͻ֯طʵʩץȫתؽ
֪ˡ
ԣ˲йƤһ㣬̱λϡ
Ǹطؽؼ֮Ѻ۽ϿȣԶ޷ֲˣ

ʮӺ
֯ܲ
صֻĵİ칫ҡ
ʲôˣ
׻˵֪ĪֻĲյʦҴĳҲյġסռΪ˽⣬һյı֪ˡ
ʦطˡɫѿ
ڹˣֻԣͫ΢΢Ŵ󣬿ʵ
뿪̩֮ǰطй̸µطڴǰϦعҶطعҪ¡
ʦʦ֪عˣһ㶡
ʲôֻûлش𣬶Ƿʵ
ղţҽӵɵĵ绰
ղҵæطһкؽָʾֻġ
ǡ
յĻֻĺȻһЦϾȥץط硣һ㱨˵Һ͸ζڱչأʱܴš
ǣʦ
ԣæüͷ֮ɿҲ
ΪֻһʵɣԼͻ֯αܿ顣
һ£֯Ҳطκв
ھ;طʵʩץʹûʲô𡭡




1293 ץʼ
ط߳˱ɽĹڵʱ򣬺Ȼؽרͣҿȫڸʻλϡ
طע£ؽרʻ
С磬㼸ӣļ䣬ô
طԣȫ򿪳ط˵
õģ塣
طͷܿȫء
Ϊ˵ȫΪͬ飬ΪֲؽĹϵ˽˲ٹֻûá
С磬߱İɡ
ȫ³طļȻһȥ
ͬʱؽľʶȤؽˣռطȫ
С磬֪˸ղŷ顣
˼֮ȫͣ½ŲطվΧǽԣ˵
û´Ļؽ绰֪ͨҵ׳Ȼҵ׳ϵ֯һŻɣ
طԳһЦȫ֪鲢е֣жϳؽô

ȻطĻȫһȻЦһֱҶؼĺһɫġܹһһоطؼҶû飬żȻ죬ղ仰ҸӼһ㣡
طĬ
ȫĻڼӵĬطĲ²⡣
С磬صصſ㣬¡ȫط粻˵ֱ⡣
壬˵طͷ
һ׳ʼڹעĶ̬仰˵ռĶ̬ڲ׳㱨ҪĹ֮һµ뿪֮Ҳˡ
ȫ˵һ飬ֻʵǵسûзԼĹ۵㡣
Ϊţطº󣬻Լ뷨
ȻȻȫⷬط統סˡ
Ȼû뵽ؽȻһֱע
һ̣ܶͷһ仰û˵
ڶ£ڵݺУعԼҲӰ쵽ܶˣղǼ֮󡣡
ӺȫŻ˵ڶ£ǴˣţӦҵ˼
ţлл塣
طͷȫʾ˸л
ȫ˵ȫ֪֮ȫһƬ⡣
С磬øҿ
ȫҡҡͷȻط磬͸©ȻҺ㲻죬Ҷ˽ᳬ󡣶ң׳Ⱳˣ˼ҵ۹⡣Ҳţ˼ص㣬ڴܲһһṦΰҵ
壬˵˼𣿡طһʵ
ţҸ˵˼
ȫһʶʲôͷȻѵС磬֮ǰ˵ڵĴܲڹ⣬Σķ
úûţҵһܹػعؼң
£ȫٴһطļ
һģë̺ڴȴ̩ɽ
ؼô
طпɬһЦȴδش𣬶ٴȫʾ˸л
һУȫע뿪
£Ĳ죬ȴܼᶨͦñֱ
ܹ󣬳ΪؼҵƶߣټĻģ˭вؼҵĵλ
طȥıӰȫͻȻðһŹֵͷ
ˡ
һ̣ӿֳ𰸣еڴŨ
ط粢֪ȫڴ뿪˱ɽĹ֮һطֻȻͨɵ˽˵绰
׳ң
绰ͨطȿڣݡ
˵С͵͵ҲͰˣôأ
طƵ̾˿
ȥ̫үɨĹҲû뵽ǡ
طʵ˵֮ѡȥ̫ү̶ܴҲΪܿؽˡ
ô£
̲סʵ龭طԲƭ
׳ġ
Ȼطûκ֮ǰĳͻһһʮظɡ
ǰ׳𣿡
طĳԵúߣȻؽط֮û˵ʲôǸҲ磬ֱڻϽͣطؽؼ֮ìܣ
ǲǰ׳գֻ볹һޣҲؼһޣϣ뿪磬ԶҪٳ֡طԳһЦ

ٴ̾˿ط翴һ㣬γǣ
С磬׳Ϊ飬ղ´
̾ٴοڣͼؽץط顣
Ȼ
һΣط粻˵ֱ꣬Ӵϣ׳飬Ѿ֪ˡ
֪ˣһ㶡
ţҸղڹĹڴ壬ҵġ
طʵ֪Ȼ˵˴绰Ŀģ׳Ҹ绰ץжʲôʱʼ
Ѿʼˡ
شгͿɬ
ʵʩץ˻ȥҰʵʩ𣿡
طһѪʳ˹ؼҲ֪ġ
š
ɳĬ˼ӣŸ𸴣ץɾǣͷ֯ϡΪ㼫пڽǰؼңҴ绰֮ǰѾʼ㸸ĸĵ绰˽ֻˣѾǰ㸸ĸסʵʩ24Сʱ϶ˡ
ৣ
Ȼطһ׼ɵĻɫЩѿ
׳鷳һᵱҸĸ˵Ҵʮؼҡ
ĬطͻȻ˵
СС磬װɣ
ɫһ䣬ѵ֪ʵǿȫؽЩ졢սԱ֯˷һ㱻ǷֵĻߣҲӰ쵽裬ᱻץסСӣ򶪵ְᱻ̡ǻͷͨ
׳֪
طٴοڣͳֻȥҰԶٷᱻǷ֡仰˵ڵʵ֪ǱһطټĻģܷҵָ




1294 
峿ջʱѩͬһྩڴá
ʮֻˣķͶʹ˾ûзż١
ΪĵĹţѾһʱˣ׼ڹָڻгչ֣ʶԱȵʮǰٷż١
ܣмˣҪ
˵ʮ֣͵ѩ칫ңδ򿪵ԣֱ˽ûһݿȣЩŵ˵
죿
ѩԣһ
죬Ӹĸ֪طعϢ֪طڰ˱ɽĹؽżˣƺ˳ͻ֮󾯷ͻ֯˱㲼ط縸ĸס׼طؼҵĻᣬطʵʩץ
ϢȻϸܣȨȦѾˣطؽ˵ĳͻкö汾
ǽɡ
ݵѩۣ˼һ¾ĿģȻָʾ
õģܡ
ֵһʱѸתš
Ӻֽѩİ칫ҡ
ѩ㣬ãֵܾģҽѩҵ֤
Ϊ׵һŮѩ㿪ڣǰͳԼ֤ݸѩ㣬Լݡ
ͬ־𣿡
ѩӹѩĹ֤ȷԷǵݸһ񣬵뿪󣬲ſڳѩʵ
ѩ㣬֪δطXXͷͨ𣿡ѩֱѩ㣬ࡣ
ţ֪
ѩ̹Ȼصͷ˿ûΪطǻͷͨö
Ϊ֪طͷϵͷͨҪ˫ŵģ
ѩͬ־ǵõ鱨δǰص˻ģĿǰྩѩٴοڡ
Ȼ
һΣѩĻ˵꣬ѩ㿪ڴϣǸͬ־ҶԴ˺֪飬ҵδҲûϵҡ
ѩ㣬֮ǰͨ¼ûзֿɵͨ¼ǲ˶ȷǷطϵԣǻزǵĵ顣
ѩżɽصĿģȻֲǾе飬ҷҲȷ涨ԴɻĻҿϸĲ䡣
á
ѩüͷ΢΢һȻͬ־ɷӣҸһЩ
ԣΪ˷ֹ©Ϣǵļල¶ŹǱ֤һнϸܡѩ˵
ԡ
ѩͷʾͬ⡣
ӺѩźǰĹȻѩֵܾľ뿪˹˾

ͬʱ
ྩ½Ժ¥Զͣһһл֯յ
ϵ̾ԤӵսԱ֯ĳԱڴ˼򸾵ס
Ϊ֪˰˱ɽĹ飬쿪ʼûȥλǴڼС
ôģͼ졢ߣץ
԰ֱǺˣҲץɣ
ǲϻжţƣû
Ҳץ£ҾɻͷͨⱾǺܳһ£
оƵսԱţǾܻ
ǣ֯ߺ;Ҳúܻ
ϾǶ֪֯;ֶطʵʩһץɳսСӺգûץط硣
ǿνĲءץֱʹûʲô
ŵӵʱоƵ˽¥ǰ
УһҵǾͼ첿ŵգڶҵྩ½Ժ1ա
ͣ£ྩ½ԺĴдžԱӳ£һľͼ첿ŴмԱ䣬Ȼһ˽¥
¥Լ鷿һ˳̣طķ䷢
Ƕ֪񱻼ص飬֪طʮҪϢɻδü֪ͨǡ

ȴлعȻ߳طң¥˷š
ţ
ˣᵱһ
СᣬλXXķ벿ྩ½ԺĴнܵ
ãͬ־벿
XX벿
عһƣ뼸ţȻ鷿ȥ
á
ྩ½ԺĴкͷ벿ͬʱͷ
ǣǿһЦתȴѾ鷿߳˶¥¥ݿڡ

Ὺڣྩ½ԺĴкͷ벿ͬʱк
ǻߺٽ֮һΪؼҽӰ˵ؼҳԱܴλԼͼ첿ŵķ벿ʶ
벿XXͻȻ⣬ӦΪҶӵ°ɣ
¥ɫѿʵȻ󲻵˻ػֵ˵ɣʲô
ȷʵΪӵ飬÷벿˵ɡ
ྩ½Ժλ벿һۣȻǰȿڡ
ģҪطʵʩץ޷ȷԡ
ԣѶҺСô
ЦˣЦг˳һĨɬŭ
̸Ѷֻǵһ¡벿һ£̾˿ϡ
˵ɣҪʲôϣ֪벿ҲֻǷ¡
Ҫǻȥһˡ
벿ٶȦӣżɽҪ˽һЩ
á
ܸɴشӦȻŤͷԼİᣬСᣬȫ֯飬Ҫ
š
ͷüĿ֮ӿ޷εķŭʧ
ؽֱ̫ˣ

ྩĳϡٵĽ԰
ϥط磬ͻȻӵһ绰
ʦҡ
绰ͨŮɵָʾͨط籸õֻš
Ů׳Ҵ绰𣿡طüͷ΢΢һӿֳһõĸо
ǵģʦ
绰ͷŮЩͳ׳챻ͼ첿ŵ˴ˣҴ绰֪ͨ㣬㸸ĸҲüͼ첿ŵĴߵˣδѩҲˡ
ʲʲô
طɫȻһ䡣
ʦ׳ת㣬뿪ģ˶ôŮתɵĻ
һΣطûлػ̧ͷ졣
ۣԨ


1295 һʱ
ɺ򸾱ͼ첿Ŵߵ鼰ѩ㱻ߵϢ쫷һ㣬˲ϯȨ㣬˾޴𶯣
ϢҲ˾޴飬֪ʿ׷ײ²еĻ˵硣˶ͬһ۵㡪˶Ǳطǣģ
۵ĳҲúܶΪطɨǣ˭ǣ˭ù
ƶɡ̱ͼ첿Ŵˣ󱻾ˣʲô
˴ϴйأô£
ѵΪϴؼڰ˱ɽĹͻؼλҪף
ؼλףҲӦöԴְɣ

Ϣûã׷طȺԺӵڵġֵȺֱըˣ˷׷ðݣѰ࣬˸ǣҶԵˡ
СȦӵĺĳԱұļ嶼׼ţϢͨʲô£Ⱥصġ
Եһʱðݣظ˵Ҫǣʱûյ׼ȷϢ
˽̽ʵϢϣҶϡ
һСʱҶȺðݡ
ϸսѵ֪ºүӴ˸绰һ¾ү˵塢̡ɽʹδʲô£ֻǱȥʻܿͻˣ¡
Ҷðݺ˵ԼõϢȻ˲䣬ҼүжϣǱʻҪѯϴعǷǽϵԼǷ֪ϴ䡣
ҶϢ֮Ŀǰ;չõԵԼĿ
ջ˵²ڱϴǣ⣬ΪϴعϢˣĳЩ˼Ҫץϴ󣬵ץؼΪ˱ɽĹӰ죬ʣĳЩץѱ
ϴүүϧëҲûбҪôݰɣôһӰ쵽ɽ̽·ô죿
ˣõͱϴ󰡣ǵѪ
ҾˣؼбҪô𣿻˵ؼҾôϴǣ

ԵԼĿ֮ҲȿֺطԼĹ۵㣬д˶ؽؼҵʾɣͬʱطеŭ
Ϊطеطʲôʲôˡ
֮⣬Ҳطع֮ûϵǣǲ룬ǲܣǻǣ
һֱѡǱˮ˷ԵðˣȺ˵ֵǣ˵䡣
͵ķݣ˲Լͬͣ
ȻǴԺӵܣΪ丸׺飬Լط˽˸ܺãһֱҶԵһСȦӵľԺ
һϴ飬ָܹԤġ
ڶӦϴᴦ飬ǲҪȥΪϴʲôֻҪڱĬĬ֧ͺá
ҲҪһ㣬ϴܹػص֮ǰǾҪ£ǲҪǱߵ˷ͻϴӣпܳһŭΪֵһЩ飬ں
˵ԼĹ۵֮רţһзĴԺӵܣ飬ȴʡɽڣûաȵгһգϴܹػعҪĳЩȥͷϴϴعʱٸһ㣡
õģ͡
һʱ˻Ӧ
ǰ죬һ˳ͻΪྩȦЦ
ԴˣڵдԺӵܺջ׼ݺݵظһط鷢ֱ֮ӽеŭѹȥ
ΪΪԼط磡
ǷҶԵҲΪ˵úеȺ̬֧֣ԺӵҲ׷Ӧ̶ʱھͶδĲԴһ£ֻܽĸ֡躹ޡ

͵˿еʻһʻĳҪŵļԺͣһضͣλϣȻŹİصԼĸĸС
ӣȥ·ϴƷҶҳˣ㿴Ҫļǰװ
ǰŸսţĸױһ΢ЦӭĿŽ
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Ϊһұ磬ڲĸҲһЩ仯һΪң׷δӰ˵λá
ĿǰھӱһǰõүүĿͷ͡
йȻȡ꣬ΪδӰ˵ԭ򣬵̶ܴҲΪֲ
õģ衣ͷ
иӦ꣬Լ԰ɡ
ĸ׽õķ˶Ȼһ͡
ŵӵʱĸܻص˼Уһʱ佫е鷿
˵ǰͷһСӷ˳ͻң㻹
ܺ˵ƣžԵ侲ʻʱЩࡣ
֣ġ
ľһ飬ȻԴһҳ֮󣬰ڣȺ׷طǸ˵ˣţϴҲǽǸһɫͬʱҲھȺˣطǸ쵰Ѿϳˣõ͵ˣ
ΪҪƬײ
ҡҡͷȻȺв۵ǵͷϣһڻҽͿˣԳ档
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ȻҲʲô£ֻڸ˵Ĵ·ȺСһҲطǲʱط绮ޣֻ⣡ʱ׼ᣬһǰýطϳһֶ
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δӰ˵ľӱؼĿǰɹЭһֵȫռϷ磡
Ǹðӵɫؼ꣬ѱɥ֮Ȯϳģֻʱ⣡
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ǸԶøط罻֣һٰܣԱĻ




1296 װ
ߵʱƤߵط磬ྩ˳ͨ죬ǰǻڣ׼ຽࡣ
Ȼ֪򸾺ɡѩֻǱȥ˽д󰭣ûѡྩżǣͬʱ㸸ĸҹļƻ
Ϊ֪˱زŽȥ˽ǰ£Լ˽Ǽ棬һֵĻǽشӰ죬пܱѲذĴñӣ
׼ɵĽ飬뿪ģ뿪֮ǰȥһȻͳ·¾ĸŮˣи𡪡뿪֮ʱ֮ڲعˣ
˵ӵʱطڵǻڵȴǻ
һ϶Сʱƨɺ˻죬Ŀùطȵĳʱŵòҳְæ
֮ΪڲĹϵĹϵǰ׽Ҳûмһִĺ춦ֲֻ̤̤ʵʵĹƽֱز֮󣬲Ҽһ֮ðͷΪӪһµ
һɫĴ£һ緢سŵǻһ꣬ΪŹİһϥģ
ܿ죬ǻڣһָӵĿɨһȦȴǻǣȻֱطԵλ
طԣӹİͳ豭ݸ֮ͨصΪһǰ
ӹ豭Ŷȣһڲ裬豭ݻꡣ
豭óֻһϢȻ磬Ǳ߸շϢԴ˽ӻ
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ԣһ˼
磬ҪҪҴ绰ǻӻˣ
ʾ֪ǰã쵼ǰ飬뷽˳ͻ
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ȻǱ֪ҽѵ˵ǰ£ص÷ӻ÷ַʽȻӦȻˡ
һЦǸо·ѾԼǰͷģ
ԭˣǷʶʱ񡣡
ԣȻͬЦط綼ˣҲվӣʲô⣬Ҹа壬ֱȡ裡ӽ󣬲طȺ˽󶼵üβˣ
԰һЦûнӻȻ󿴵ǻڵĹԱʼƱżƱȥ
ͷȲգȼƱ
ط΢΢üͷ֪飬֪飬̵ͨ죬֪Ϣ
һ˳ͻҿӱ۸ˡ
ڶȡΪӪһҶԵĿǰȥѹˣӲ̫ù
һУֻΪԼϳ˻ģ
Ϣطٴһˡ
ط⣬ǻ֮󣬲ûȥ鷳෴ͬͷȲյһ·ûȥһۡ
ı
һֱжϰߣҪ뿪֮ǰΪԼֵʲôҲҪŪ׷ʲôӶƶԡ
Сʱ󣬷ɻ׼ʱڶ䣬뿪գط󣬵һ룬ᱻ˻ɡ
ʮӺط꣬˻ڣһ۱Ⱥпǰӻķ
һ˾վڳڣ൱ѿ
쵼ϴͻ鹢ڻ̸ֱӸ˽Ƕȡ֪ĺȰ˵ص˴ǰӻַʽӵͷеĲ
űڲŷŭˡ
Ϊ򸾡ɺѩ鴫֮׷طȺԺӵ躹޵ľҲȡ͵Ľ飬ʽӣ쵼ġ⡯š
ܿơ
乷֮󣬷ǿѹסĵĸһӭ
ȻʮѹҪҪְڻӢ쵼Сй
һΣΪ˸쵼úӲǰڣ黪ӢĿչȻ붫Э쵼鹤İš
Ļһ࣬΢΢ףһ쵼ͷ
ǼЦͷǰӻܳ
ƵѾźˣڹȥɣ
Ͽȥ˿ĳ¼ʾϼĿʵ
װӵζˬôϷһЦ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬üĿ֮ŷŭûз𣬶һǸ˵ϴεһʱ嶯˲С˹
ֻҪúõĵӣȻ׷
ϵЦת䣬һ־ϵĿ⿴ŷ
ৣ
ɫٴһ䣬鲻Խס˫ȭ
һ̣ȭͷݺϣգûôǺܿɿȭͷ
Ϊ뵽͵ֵǵľط鷳
˵㻹ͦʺϵӡ
ۿƨҷһЦһȳǰȥ

һȻ첽ˡ
ŷǱ΢ıӰط΢΢һʹȻ΢΢۾ǿѹסĵŭû̳֡
ǲ룬ǲңֻΪƤߡ
뿪֮ǰˡ
ط壡


1297 һиɵ
跽΢̵ʱطǿûг֣ΪƤߣĳֻ۵ΪṩƤߵգΪ֪һ֣ͱ뿪ģӰȻ˵ĵƻ
ʱط簴ԭƻ˾Сѧ
ѧѧмӣѧУſվǰӺӷѧļҳ
·ҲУԳ
طվԶϸ۲һΧȷûⲿŵ˼֮󣬲žֱߵ·ǰѹ̡
ţ
·һȻɻؿط硣
̣С磬Ƥߡطٴ˵
СС磬𣿡
·һʼطǰ֮ط糤һҲûڣ˿ٴطĻȼ־ɡ
ΪѾܾûмطˣط硣
ɣΪ֪طΪͷͨϳĵ顣
̣ң̫үգһعɨĹǸġط˵ԼеĿģ⣬ΪһЩԭҲĿ
֪С磬һŪˣôܳΪͨأ
·æڻشЩһӵܱ㲻Σҡ˺飡
ӵܱ
֣طͷ΢΢һ
·Ȧ΢΢죬һᣬ֪˶ӳͣΪطе
ʱĵԭѧУտĿˮ˲ڣһӴУϵźشӽȻʦĴ£Ķ飬ѧУſ
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š
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£·ǰİףۿһȣһᣬٴˮ
Ϊ֪һΪҳӵܱصԼ͹磬ȴʵĿطһܿ࣡
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ۣڶ˾ܺ쵼ͬ£һӲŸۿڵ
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š
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ûʲô£ǰʱ䣬ڶͬ³ԷʱĦ
ԼӦδ˵ʵ顣
һ죬ǺͬȥԷǲμԼŮѵͬѧۻᣬۻصǡɺԷİᰤš
ʱŮѺȶˣ·ʱСײѵŮ飬ѵһƣһӣŵǸ
ʱͼˣǰѣͬʱŮѵͬѧҲһӵϣһ٣֣һ绰ˣͳͳˡ
ʮ첻˵Ƿұʹְ޷ס
û¾ͺá
Ȼͳ¾ûлɷĻ
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ٴοڣʮָӣвʣб޷εķŭ⣬ϴ󱻱뿪ģƶǺܲǣǾŵ㣬ҪӲգпӰ쵽ۼӢͶʺеĿӰ쵽ۼδһʱķչ
磬ֻҪط磬ôǣǶ
ȻŷȭӦ󣬵ᶨ
һ仰û˵ڡ
ǣҵˣԸһиɵף




1298 ޷еĺ
ӢڶͶĿܴ󣬰زˡڵȶ
ڶزԱҵܵͬ£һʱ䣬ۻķʽԸĿʵصС
ĵӵʱһ˻ص齵Ľ꣬ûϢֱٿ飬ͬԱμӻ顣
鿪ʼĿļҪ쵼ֱPPTƽר㱨󶫺ĳλְͬҲӢڶͶʺ쵼СĺĳԱܽᷢԡ
Уλְǻǰϵģδм顪ݼ̫ߣĻ̫ʡ
ϼŽзԡ
ղţλ쵼ӢڶͶĿƽȺܽͽ˵˵ҵĿ
ڻ᳡ǰŶλְ˫ִϣĿ⻷ˣǵһҲӳֵúǿƣһλߵϢ
һ棬ңԴ߹ǿƵĻ򣬶ҴСѬգͬά˸߸ϵ̬
һ棬ڵĲŶӢڶͶĿΪ쵼ںӲǰڶǰղƺܴ
ڣ᳡˷Ȼͳ¾֮⣬˾һ¼
һλӦúӢڶͶĿȥľͶĿ߶ӣ˹쵼С飬XXԵ鳤һЩίĸ˶ĸλ쵼θ鳤
ڶXXͶʺĽչΪעǰӲ졢УҪڽںȫļ顣ҲǴڴǰԭ򡣡
ͨļ飬ҸΪչںܶ⣬Ҫ¼档
˵˵Ҳøǿƣһӹɵĸо
һӢȡֺȻһ̶ȵĹͨЭ̣ȻֱڣӢȻԸЩҪǼӴ󡢼ǿͨЭȣȡסЩ֮ǰѾöĺĿ
ѾʵʩĺĿչٶȲ⡣ۿ̵ĽȱȼƻеҪҪ١⣬ΪӦԭóԵĴʩӿȡ
ǸӪҵֲ⣬ǶۼšüĸĿǴںܶ⣬Щأ
ৡ
ⷬ˶ͣ˱ʣԼͬؽĿͶȻ˼ͬ
УЩ˴ĿӪҵܣаϲ
Ƕ֪ۼܹΪӢڶͶĿԭ򡪡طĹϵͬҲ֪ݣ֪طҵĵжԹϵ
طΪ˻ͷͨϳģʱ԰ۼŷ쭣ͷһźšҿܻ԰ۼſ
ĻôǽϷֵࡢĵ⡣
ԶλְΪ׵ĹٷԱǸеЩ֡
ЩӪҵϰ֪飬Ƕ֪֪øࡣ
Ŀܹ˳ʵʩ˶Ͷʻ֮⣬̶ܴΪطӢҵĹϵ
ǰãӢȡһЩҼֲı⣬ȫΪӢҲطͷͨݱϳġ
ۼĻػط磬ӢҵĹݿڻİ壬öۼųΪ˴κĿ
һ£ĻĳЩ˵־ΪʵĻĿӰ죿
ͬʱüͷŭضȻ¾һ
⣬֪ۼйΥӪ󣬲˶鴦Ҿ˵ü뻪ͷͨطкܴĹ
ΪбҪӶۼţؿǷøù˾ôķĿҪǷøù˾˳˴Ŀһ㣬һλȥ֮й쵼㱨
ΪȻ¾̫ˣЩˬ
ԭʹλԶۼţ²öۼ˳ĿҲҪ˱ҵ̬ȣһοˣ쳹᳡
Ȼ
һΣȻˡ
Ϊᵽط磡
ң˵ἰط绪ͷͨݣ
ղŵĻ˵ϼ쵼쵼С
Ļ䣬Ȼˣӿֳŭֱӿʣܲ
ܣղŵĻҸ˵ôˣüͷһ۶Ȼ
֪ӢڶͶĿܹأҪԭ򣬵һǶĵͶʡչӢſ˷չǰ
ڶΪطӢҵ˽˹ϵӢݿΪ˸лط統ص֯ͶʺĿ
Ȼһһ俪ڣ᳡ǰʱ䣬طĪΪͷ֮ͨӢܲɷʱȷʾطӢҺӢѣΪطʾӶӢڻͶĿӣȡ˲ֺ
˵ۼΪطйϵ˶ۼţ
ȫţЩݿӢԴ˴κشӰ죬ҲᵼӢȡĺǳֹ
е𣿡
ৣ
ɫ˲䡣
һ̣ͼеñȴŮ˫Ȼƨҷһ
ΪҶ޷е




1299 ϣ
ΪӪһµȻҲ֪ӢڶͶĿ̶ܴҪ鹦ط磬ҲǵؽطͷҪԭ
ͬʱҲ֪ӢȡֺҲΪӢλط綥ͷͨͷϳĲӶԵ˻Ӧ
һ£Ȼ˵ǷҪۼŴӢڶͶĿˣҲ֪ǲܵ顣
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Ҳû뵽ȻȻץסĻֱڻϿＫ䲻
Щ±ƣһʱ֪λӦɫΪѿ
ټĻ᳡˳¾ͷ֮⣬ȫһ¡
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׿ϼţڹ쵼Сй˵Ӫһµ
ڻ̽磬˭Ը
˭ȥ
ܣ㲻ҪҲֻ˵顢ǡ
ݵֻĳλУӦܿ죬æԲѡƽϢȻŭ𣬱ͻһȻ󻰷һתղ˵һЩȷڡزŽȫϵͳŲ鹤ڵ⣬ۼҪͳƵ⣬ģ
ȻûпȻһֱŬԼøãŬطչطסİۼţһжΪСطĲ࣬ӶԼʸվطߣ
һ£׬ǮҲãۼŵķչҲգطֱֵһᣡ
ۿȻ˵λֻ쵼ֽĿͶɫתһЩȻʮ
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λ쵼Ҫٴʣʼ¼ΨȻûм¼
УһضȻоɱǸо޲õȻңйͷ֮ܣ
ȻһĮηӡ
״Ȼս˫ȭվû˵һ仰
Ȼղ̫ͣȻץסˣ˵ȥĻ޷ռϷ硣
ΪҪǣΪڳѿ֮ûκ壬ӢڶͶĿ֮򣬶ȻͶۼʵʩͷͨ
뵽˴ջĿ⣬ʼ˼δȻȻλֻ쵼лܽᡣ

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ȻûطǸİۼŲҪ˵չزܷסһ¡仰˵һǴĻƿܹȰۼŶ³λãȫΪط統Сȡģıǳıߣ
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ӣ֪֪һ仰ͰۼųԲ˶ߣĻεв
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1302 ˵ټ
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һΣĿڣ㿪ڽطµĺָ֪Ȼͳ¾ˡ
ܡܣӢղڵǻ֮ǰ˵绰ңתǣȺúϢټ档
Ļ£쳤Ҳˣͬʱи̾ط֮
ӢĴУȻֻΪطվ̨ӪȻ¾ˣصشӢġ
⡭ֱţ
쳤̾Ȼ¾ģҲȻ
Ȼ
ǲ֪ǡ
ӢҸطӣΪطݿԼݿطŨŨꡣ
ӢҡٸԽ͢ȸӣֻһԭ򡪡ط磡
һȫעɵǿߣ


1305 ھ⣿
ڣũ꣬һ֮ףΪͳϵġڡ
ʷƾãϹʱݱ̺Ļںڴзչг˷ʷĻ̡
ڴڼ䣬ĸؾои´ϲ磻ЩԳɲ¡ӭӸ桢ΪҪݣʽḻʣŨĸɫŻĴͳĻ
֮⣬ҹҲǴڵĴͳ֮һԽļԴԽӡ
ΪĳԱƽձȽæ棬ֻзܹ۵һ𣬶Ǿ۵ġ
ǻôڵҹཻ顣
ƶᣬܽȥһδһ巢չش
ҲǴҹûгԱȱϯԭ
ͬһλÿһŰݻᡣ
ǻһĶţҹӡ
ʮʱλںͬҴԺŴŵȥرϲ죬Ժû˿ϲգЩѹ֡
һУֻΪطڶſڲٴμ̤ҵҫ
ңΪƶߵŭҲûнط
ͼطߵȻ¾˿طµĺɻ⡣
һУҵһγ裡
ӵʱѾˣˣڴԺĲֳһģ˿ڣ˶ĿͶڳϵΣȴνȻҹʼ
ҶĹء
ȥһ꣬ҳһ꣡
˵ĵȴУοˣͳгŷŭ
ŭô
ǵģ
ڹȥһصĶӡӳˣαطڵĦǰúòط米ϻͷͨطϳģطڽǰعһң
үүүԲָ鷳ˡ
εĻ£ͻȻվھϹΪǸ
ϣܹ֪ܶ£
ûٴοڣӹɣǸط磬һ޷죬ǲܸӲӽǲҪȥߵˣһж˵
˵öԣǸ쵰ǿǲܽѾϳ˻ģڶ࣬עھ⣬ֻʱ⣡
ܿڸͣѾӹµĴ죬ΪӪһĿߣҲδĽӰˣӦϱ̬
οǸӣҲǸһ̨¡
£
ȻһڣҲûٶ˵ʲôҹʼԭصҲ˶ת䡣
Ȼڣ˶ͬ˵ط϶ھ⣡

ͬʱ
ؼҴԺطһ֮⣬ؼ˶ۼؼҴԺһҹ
ҶԣؼҵҲòȥ
һ棬ؼΪطڧѡطһڶؼҳˣ
һ棬ؽȥɽɨĹڰ˱ɽĹطżǱط統һƳɣؽҲطǿԣ
ڹȥһ굱Уؼҿνһۡ
ȥ괺ǰؼҶɽ뿪˼䣬ɢؼҿʼʽ΢ʧȥ˶ҵƣҴбҳԽļơ
Ǹϳؼҵ꣬ؼҶ޷顪ƾһ֮شԪˣӵعؼҵĵλ
Ȼ
ھõǰ£طؼҵìܼط类ҴĻǰϻͷͨͷ֮ؽѡף
գؽûط磬ؼķѣͬʱҲĸھܵһӰ죬ؼҵʵҲ˶ٴμ
үү֯ƻĻطô
ֽ˼֮ͻȻڴ˲İ
طһȻҲǵȧЩѣͷ񻹰űй̶˿ȥǱҡ
αطӻϱطѩϡ񡯣Ƕطĺﵽǰδеĵز޲̽طʬΣйͷ֮ޣ
һ£˿̵гԹ
ǷԹڳÿһظܵ
ৡ
һڣ˶ֹͣòͣĿͶؽ
Ӧȥƻġ
ؽʢż룬ޱػش
ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ûٿ
QȻھ⣡
ʱҲˣطھ⣬ͬطԹ
ǾȡϧǿϧСᡣ
ҲˣһҲԼλֶھ⣬Ǻ޲ط죬ؼң˳ؼңپЩź
мֵ飬ҲΪҪְ뿪ؼңؼҵʵ
󲮣ҲͬǵĹ۵㡣ΪȫѧΪܳţпδʶȫѧۣ֮Ϊȫǿߣ
ʱصػصؼҹҶٻѪؿڣ˵ԼҶš
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬˵ɫˣ
Ψһ⡣
ؽ
ɱһࡣ
ʵϣҶٻڵʱ۽Ǽ˼¡
û˿


1306 ؽҫ
ؼҴԺԣλྩ½ԺĽ¥Եø塣
¥ڲǰֻˣƿƣһƿ׵ģһƿġ
ˣˣƿơ
ҹЩǵĸ
һ棬Ƿ򸾶ͷһصꡪ궼ȥؼҴԺһꡣ
һ棬޷ž۵ĵʮʮ
ط类ؼ̫үӣһȥǰ꣬δ顣
ȥ꣬ؼ̫ү뿪˼䣬طؽִʮûлȥǴȻ¾ȥ˶żկ·ꡣ
ΪҪǣʱط粻ڣҲܽӵطĵ绰ط겻Уطںη֪
Ǵ˿̶֪ط
Ƕԣ̫̣
棬̶ܴΪؽ
Сᣬһɡ
ǸӵһƣȻԼһ׾ơ
ޱضƱȻһͬӣһ
˵ɶʱܵͷ
һ¶ǣ˫΢΢죬Լɷʵ
ûлش
ĬţָԼһƣһ˸⣬ȻĬĬȼһ֧̣š
ԭ֮ǰѾˣԴطؼַ֮㸴ˣǰˣһ
״ûʣĬĬԼơ
˾ĬźȾƣֱһƿ׾ƺһƿƼס
үҺҲûɶ£ΪʲôҪĥǵĺӣ
ãһƿ֮˼⣬ۿûˣſϣ˵
״̣ǰϥأ˫֣ǲˮ˫ϸһ£̵ǿɬˮ
һࡢ̰塢ֱһ̣Ⱳľٶ
Ȼ󡭡
˵Ⱳһ仰
үү۹⣬Ŷӵʵһ죬ҫ

ͬؼҡһڴʮ죬ͬҴԺͬҹ
ȥԨ֮˾۵һΡ
һ죬˶طѩ̤ҴԺΪεѡ䳰ȷͼطԾعȥ
ڴ˹УطΪԼİŮֱ˴ĵ߲ŷ쭡
Ȼ
͵ط缴ҷʱ˴λеĺҴԺ˱졣
գƶԨ㽫ط纰Լ鷿ط̸ԼȻ˴Լط꣬عؼңԨ㲻Ż£Ϊطѩֻ
죬ѩ游ĸҴԺֱӳҳ̸Ķ
ѩ㣬֪ϲط磬ǵĸҲܺãҲ㣬ӦܹƣҲáؼҲգڻģôȢ㣿ѩȿڡ
ûûȢ㣬㵽ȥ顢ѩĻ
Ҳܣ֪طڹкܶˣвʵǿģܷھȥ˵ѩСⲿţ鱨ΪֱͨҪ
ѩ㰡㲻ҪǶ죬ǼΪҵĴֿǣҲΪ˵Ҹǡطϣҽ㻹ء
󿪿ڵѩĴƣǶѩ˵һ䣬Ȼֿѩĸĸáط򸾣áأҲӦöȰȰѩ㡣
áطûп
ıЩСҲһʮӣҲҶѩָֻš
Ͼѩһģ
󲮣á塢С壬ǵĺˣϣǴӽ쿪ʼҪ̸ҺطˣҪҵ̸ۣȰҡ
ѩĿ⻷Ӽˣһһ飬үүǱѾ˾ϡһ򲽽үүͬ⣬Ҳҵѡ˵ҵ飬ҵҸѡ޸飡

ѩôһ˵Ƶ˼Ĭˡ
һ棬ѩԨ㣬Ԩͬѡǲ÷
һ棬Ƕ֪ѩ㽾ǿӣĽѩƼˣпֱӷ
ϾԨؽȡѩطԼҪѩ޸ǵʱѩΪطһ𣬲ϧҪ뿪ң˶Ͼϵ
ЩεʱԨ˳
֡
үү
˼״׷Ԩʺãƺͬ
ѩղ˵ط飬ѾӦǣԣǽҪˡԨ˸ղŵһУ̬
֣һطڹأ
ЩģĶı󵱳Ǳطѵطѩһ鼫ԡ
ˣŻԼȻȡ֮Իȥڽĳһ죬ػصģҽֳŵΪѩֻ񣡡
Ԩ˵ԼѩԼҲӵػӦ𺣡
֣Ϊֿôԥһʵ
󲮣ǿܣǿ϶
һΣԨӦѩٴοڣᶨޱȡ

Ƶһ㵡
ԨЦѡ
Σڴ
Ϊطͷͨݱϳȥѹ󶥼ţҫѩĻǳ񣬱ؽڻִʷ


1307 Ͼ·
ϴȫ֮ҹ죬굽ˣϡǵı
Ȼгֹ̻ڵĹ涨̲סϲʱΥűڡ
·У·Ȼ¾๧꣬Գ˰꣬յĸ
ҪСҲھͺˡ
ֹ󣬳·Ŵǵı̲ס̾˿
ȥʱطų¾Ȼżկ꣬ݺݽѵҪܱȨڳ¼կǿƻɱʦͽˡ
꣬طֻһ
·̾ϢȻ¾ϵЦ˲̣ԳҲĬ
ǶΪطʶۣǸ絽һ֪꣬ںη
裬ʱ䲻ˣϢ
¾Ȼع񣬿ڴεա
š
·ͷȻҲȥϢɡ
Ⱥ뿪ֵķΧһȥȡ֮뵣ǡ
ȻĬŻص䣬ȴûϢƮϣ˫ֱϥŵƻ貵ҹ
Ƭ֮󣬰һ죬Ŵ򿪣¾˽
Сôˣ
ȻŤͷ¾صһʵ
˯ţ϶Ҳû˯졣¾˵ţߵȻԣͬƮϡ

Ȼԣ̾˿ȻʵС˵ģ
֪
¾ҡͷط˵ټ뿪ˣδҪȥϵʽû¡
һ˹꣬϶ܹ¶ɣ
Ȼٴοڣʳ¾֮̾оۡ
Ȼһֱܵ䣬Ϊ𣿡¾ûлش𣬶ǿʵ
˵쿪ʼ㷢Ȼܵ䣬½ҹҲһֱǿջЦ
ҲǰȻԭ
ǣҲȫǡ
Ȼǵ˵ͷȻҡҡͷŤͷų¾ʵС˵ǲǺܣ

¾һ˼ؿȻ
һֱŬԼøãԼʸվطߣҷ֣Լûطıֻ֧֣ƾŬ޷ߵ졭
ۿ¾û˵Ȼٴοڣ¾¶
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Ȼ˵һʱ򣬳¾ףȻΪ˵һУҡҡͷȻĻŬú㡣
桭𣿡Ȼŵؿų¾
ǵġҲԼûз֣ΪˣԹߵĽǶȼ֤һı仯÷츲ݡһǰ㣬ϲ˯ֹ裬ֱڵ㣬ÿеİȫˣоѧϰ档
¾΢Цŵͷгſ϶壬һ룬һǰ㣬öٹͽ֪ʶڵ㣬˵ɹԦۼţٿƿˡٸϸڵӣŰݻᣬ㵱ǧ˵棬Ѹݽ滮ŵδȫԱϣǺܶҵܶ޷õ飬ȴˣ
ȻĬ
Ȼ㻳ɡԼ̶ܴΪڽſ˵Ļɣ
¾ʵȻ󲻵ȻӦȻԼ·ñȥ˵ɡ÷˵˵ĿͲеǸӢˡ
ţлл㣬С
Ȼ¾ʾ˸лҲ˼֣ȻʵˣСǸĿǰĺ𣿡
ǸĿǰͶʿܻ裬ҪǣԷҪǰǢ̸һΣյ顣
¾룬𰸡
ȻеĿ˷ƼһزĿͶʸߴϰ𣬰ۼŶ»רоĿΪǰ󶼺ܲΪԷҪȻǰǢ̸һֱǳ
ҲǿԿһ£취ٳĿȻһ˵
ǿԿǡ
¾ԣ֪ȻһĿǼҲǻػһЩǸ֧֣бߡȻðΣǰǢ̸⣡

ͬʱ
ྩһ
ƻڲɢװĴʳơ
ҪԲʦͽ˾ۼһꡣ
ҲΪǼʦͽҲǡӡԵʡ
ʦⷢұҪԶС֣ǳ׶ϾСع·ܹһǿ󣬿Գ䵱ĵػ񣬱ƵؼҡҲòͷһعĻ֣ѹֵĻ
˵û˵ȥ֪ƻ˼
ǹģΪҵѹƻˡ

һ¡
ڰʱ䲻ˣƸۣ
ƻͣͳ
Ҳǣû·ˡ
̾˿ܹƻĵһƬģͬʱҲط̫̿ˡ
ʶ·Ϻ˰벽ƻķʡ
ҡͷȻͻȻӿֳһʡ
壬ԸΪ䣬˰벽
ǡ˭


1308 ӷ
¸绪λڼôе߸ױʡϲ̫ƽذǼôҪۿڳкҪģҲǼôΡĻκͽͨġ
걻Ϲ˾Ϊȫ˾ӵĳ֮һÿ궼кܶص¸绪ӣгΪһԪĻ֮
УĻѾΪ¸绪ʷ׳ʵĶĻҪɲ֡
ΪΪֹ¸绪Լ֮һ˿ᣬľǻˣÿ껹г10000Ļӿ롣
ʷϣӿô1980Լ6500˼ô̫ƽ··߶ӣ¸绪˽֡
¸绪ʷ˽Ǳڶ˽֣УڵķݽںӢάʱڼĴͳĹŵ
¸绪ɽ԰ǻ֮ĻĹŵ仨԰Ϊ˽˽ֵڴһʽйͳͥ԰ģճͥ԰˽ɡ
ɽ԰ԱߣһС͵ͥԺĳλլԺø߰ļ۸˹Ϊ׻ƵܲҲط¸绪ס
գطƤߣ˴Ӷ¸绪ĿͻִŨػĻΧĳУסΪ׼ͥԺС
¸绪ྩʱʮСʱĴسһϵʱ¸绪ӭҹ
⻪ȻྩʱڡΪʱҹԵʣЩ˻Ὣҹڵʱϡ
ҹĻ֮˽ֵƻͨŵƽʣַǷζ˿ڻģŨ
һ棬ִĽ̷·һͷħݲ˻ĵĴͳĻԽԽùû˼ҲʧȥСʱζǴиԡ
һ棬⻪˹ﶼҶᣬÿѽڱ˼ס
ַǷ˽ȣλ˽ڵͥԺ׻Ƶܲȴʮ塣
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Ϊˣɡѩ͸ĸ֣뿪ǵûиκϵʽҲûиǣԼҪȥ
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طĻ䣬شͬʱһ£û󣬱һҺС㾴̨
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ˡ
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ǰҪΪģʽһӪһЩƵꡢꡢҹܻᣬһЩǲιɾӪĳЩͶһЩǮͬʱЩⱣӶռɷݡ
һ´ǣſڻش֮ǰȵʱ㱨ĵ̺Ͳҵܶ඼ֵϷˡЩˣռɵˡʱŵҪӲǵ⣬ǵֿܾ⵽̻ɱ
طû˵ֻ΢΢۾ɱէ֣

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ޡʱŵ֮ܵɵ¡ʱŵס1ű
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ѵûἤ뻪طìᵼܻǱǳ֣»ָ۷սҲѻɱ޵ɫЩѿ
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޳Ĭ
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ɵⷬ޵ǰһеĵǵȻ޴档


1309 Ϊʲô
ʱˮ֪Уڼѹ
ڣܶڴݡȾơơ˯жȹȻʱƿ˼ŵĿ桢ϸоá
ƿ˼ľŹ˾֮һƿ˼塣
ֿľƿ˼˻֡
ϸͣ̽Ϊһ仰
仰ֱӵرƿ˼ĵλ
ļ壬û֮һ
ŷ޵˹¼壬ǹȫĽڼ壬Ҳɳ֮Ϊš
ձľҲɰеĲſƣƿˡ˹¼壬޷Ტۡ
ƿ˼ŵĵزĿǽҪŦԼɼ˹ά˹ҪеһЩĵضεƤһЩƤѾ˽ۣߴһʮ
ƿ˼Ŵ㽫ĿֵʽͶ5GͨźԴ
Ϊƿ˼ȷʾһĿֻۣ𿪣ԺܶԴ˸Ȥķز˾ֻ̾ȫзز˾ó˶ֽ´ѣ
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һ棬ΪۼӢڶͶĿҪ󣬸и֧֣ȴľˡ
ΪҪǣȻطսϣѺʽͶעط磬׬
طһսͶעʮطʤ߼尴3.0⸶һٰʮ

ںϰһ죬Ȼ֯ٿ飬ŹɶͶ»ᣬٴη̽ƿ˼ŷزĿʵʩĿԺͻرʣֵ̽ĽвλԱȻĶرʺܸߣҷռ͡
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š
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ȻЦݣһɫһƻĴʦȫѧϯ䲼һ¹棬Ͻ߶ͨ˶֡
ڶطȽɱǿ֮ԣߣԷһ壡
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¾֪Ȼ˵ЩҪٴοڷ
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Ȼ˳¾Ļ˵֮ط׻Ƶ¸ƿءڹȥһʱطعˣ²ûг£ζʲôطԣĵжż壬ĵж
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Ϊ߼˵ȻĻûдҲĵط
Ȼ֪ģ粻ںǮۼҲĿĻر㷸ðŷȥġ
¾˵ʶʲô㡭ͨĿ֤Լ𣿡
СˣҲ֤ԼǻƿҲ֤Լжô㡣Ȼҡͷ
㣿¾Щɻ
ֻҵľٶؼҡˣǸеƿǺ޷顣
ȻٴοڣᶨӶ֤طδ飬ͺڣ
ǣȻ
¾ԣһٴοڡ
СһֱطڱҡҡѩӢҹݿһΪʲô
Ȼٴδϳ¾ĻԼ̬ȣδĳһ죬ҫ֮һѩ㡢ݿǰԱԼܡųһվߵûС
һأ¾ʵ
طԸȻֵҳ񣬶ƻûӰ졣
ȻЦЦڣ֪Ҫȥ֮⣬Ѿ˰ҹһҩҩｫᴢҵֻҪҧҩһ֮ڱһºֵĻҶֵ֣УҲΪֵвطʣ
Ȼ㡭
ٴȻĻ¾׾ˣ޷Ȼ˶ľģľ
СѾ㲻ҪȰˣھǰ⣬Ը㣬óȥ
ȻһȻеĳ̳ͽ֮һЭȻ¾ˡ
ͨǷֿĻͳԸһ
Ȼ̬ʮּ¾ȻȰ˵ֱȻ˵һλŷȰ˵
СҰط硣δһ΢Ŀһȥѩ㣬طİָһ㣿˵ȥطһ㰮
ֱֻܹͦһΣҵѩ˵Ұط磬Ϊ飬ʱΪȥֻһΣ


1310 ԵУжǰ
Ѿȥ죬˽ȻŵƽʡŵϲķΧٱĻˣ½½˽֣ܴڵķΧ
˽ڵ׻Ƶܲ
طϥԺеʯϣ˫۽գͬɮ붨һ
ڤѧ
磬ҪھҪѧʽھתʹãӶӳھ
ศɡڤͬʱԻָھϰʽͬʱھ
ġָһѭĹ̡
Ӵһʼط㿪ʼչˡ
ΪǸʱŵֵϷĵ̺Ͳҵ֮󣬵ôߣ޿ֵɱķʽЩĻ˲ҵȻǲı
ʱŵޣ»ָ۷սҲֻǶǿߣ
Ȼѧǻڣʵʵ൱ڻʦеĶǿߣƾغںϹ̩ȭȭط洫ȭ׺ʹ߶ҩĻɻɱ۷ǿߣ۷ǿ߽ɱߣսڶǿ۷ǿ֮䡣
һ£Ϊ޻ָ۷սʱŵҲδظôȻ̡ս֣
ս뻪Ļ̩̩֯һ֯ڵߣȷİȫ
һִңʷֻж̶̵ĶٶʷûѧʷʶڳһսʿǿͳΪսʿҲսʿʶս֡
ͬ֯һսҲӵгԽ۷ľǿߣп˵˹̩ȭ߻Ҫ£ȫѧܴ
⣬ط˵սֻһƻĵİ벽ǿߣһֱڱչ֮С
طжȷôԸʱŵ壬Ʊػ⵽սֵץΧˣһΣյ顣
Ϊ˸ʦҶ𣬻ʱŵĶԹҪʱŵ壡
֮⣬طƻ˵ȫѾˣĴ˺пܽĥʯӺڰһֱжд̣Ĵ÷ǳ⣬þԵݶΪ
һ£طеǰδеΣ뾡ʵ
ҲӴһ㿪ʼչصԭ
ԣܹͻƻ۷壬ھƷʺǿоĻɱ۷ǿߣǿҲˣ
ৣ
ոյʱطͻȻ˫ۣĿѹԡ
ھһˮʯĹ̡Ȼغ߶ھľЧԶʹھķãͻƻûãҪһʱ䣬ſͻƻ۷壡
طüͷ
Դܹ֮ѧ֮·һ·߸ͽΪѧ츳ѣѧԶ֮⣬ҪĻ̫ү̸غ
ˣѧٶ̫ˡ̶һʱ䣬ӰڵڣԹѧз¼
񣬶ԣҪʱ䣡
ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬Ŀ˳ͻƻ۷壡
Ȼ
ǸȻڹȥʱжûж֣ԤУƽӺܿҪˣ
ҸصĵطǱޣȻҪнмײ
Ļ׻ƵƱػᱻӴ˳
Ըͽܵģ

͵طüͷʱȵͬʱɫɫƨɡͲѥ£첽߽ͥԺܿ죬ܽ
ˣ
ط罫ĿͶ£زµ쳣һʵ
ţҸղŽӵڴϢȻһڣ˶ŦԼķɻ
µ˵ͷɿؽԼոյϢط㱨
Ȼطһͨ뿪˻ģδʧȥԻĵĿƣԼʱջĵϢطЩ˵Ķ̬
һУΪزŵҪעطϣ˶µļ֮⣬ҲӲٴӡ֤Ľһ˵
ʲʲô
ȻµĻطɫһ䣬ʯɿʵȻȥʲô
˵Ϊƿ˼һߴһʮķزĿȫز̺ۼżϻоۣΪĿĻرʺܸߣֵͶʡ
ò˵µ鱨Ϊ׼ȷʵƿ˼ļ壬ƿ̸ˣȻҪǢ̸
ɻ𣿡
һΣ½Ļ˵꣬طЩشϡ
Ȼµ˼ȻΪ˴ٳǸĿǰǢ̸
ѾһСʱˣ˺ֱ̾˿
ȻһǮòأôͻȻ£
ȻѾǻطֻ÷ֹļƻʳеɻ󣬲֪£Լ
ҵõϢ֮󣬶ԴҲ֣ȥһȻõ˴𰸡˵
ʲô
Ϊ
Ϊң
ǵģݳ¾˵
ӵؽȻԳ¾˵Ƿһֲظط磬дѡ
ΪȻһĳ˵ǿŮˡȻҲȻܹľе
Ͼϣҵһִ֮ϵŮ˲ѣҵԸΪԼȥĸҸжŮˣƱнĸʻС
Ȼһ޷ֵصҴδõط
£ҶһȥŦԼĻƱ
͵дѵͬʱطͻȻָʾ
ԵУжǰ


1311 
ŦԼλŦԼݶϲذһмһۿڣĳ֮һӢ׶ءϸ۲ΪŦ׸ۡ
ŦԼΪĽģ౻ΪȫģȫҵͽھżҪӰ졣
ϻŦԼԼƴĽ¡ϹʻŦԼҪĹʻҪŦȫæĻ֮һҲȫĻ֮һͬʱҲȫĻ֮һ
Ϧ£һɶŦԼĿͻ׼ʱؽڿϹʻտչܵȵָӣʻ׼õͣλ
ͻͣȣÿǷ׷ȡԵ
ȥƤĻ˺ͺڰ׼൱
ŦԼͶֱΪͻĵĽģ֮ĺ࣬ҲΪĽ໪ĵĴ˾ŦԼа´ͬģĴ˾ڶҲа´Ƶء
ȻͷȲգڱڳͬ£߳˻ա
ͷŵױûκΣһ׷ɫװһɫ磬һ˫ɫϸ߸Ь
磬˼ഺϢ˼ҵӢϢ
˻ͨȻջָʾƳŻȥͬʱӿóֻҵһ벦ͨԷֱӾܽӡ
Ȼüͷ΢΢һٴβ
һΣ绰ͨˣͲдһͳдżɻ󣺡Իĵѣ֪ҵ˽˺ģ
ãϰǻĶۼŶ³ȻȻԱš
ŶԭǶۼŵĶ³֮ǰҵ̸Ŀô
绰ͷΪƿ˼δ̳ѡĵϰһʱйذۼŵϢӦ
ǵģϰ
ϰĻȻ˿ȻʵʱŰݷǢ̸ƿ˼µķĿ
ŦԼϰʡ
ǵģϰ֮ǰϵ֣ûгɹȸϵŦԼ
Ȼ¶źĳ⣬ʲôʱ򷽱㣿
ȻС㣬ų
ϰܵȻĳ⣬һ£ֻнʱ䡣ٴ䱴Ŀб֯һۻᣬǰμӾۻᣬһþۻĿ϶㽻̸
õģϰ鷳ۻľصʱ䷢һ¡Ȼ˵
Ժҵֻ㷢һŵ뿨ʱ͵ص㣬ϼȻС㡣
ϰ˹˵ţȻ󲻵ȻػֱӹҶ˵绰
ȻͨУûпֳԼĽͰҪþۻļ϶̸Ȼ뿨źۼرֳһ㡣
ȻҲаʱ
ƿ˼ŵδ̳ѡȫûһΪȫ̽һ֮һԶѩ֮ϡ
仰˵ѩ㶥ֻȫ̽¹󣬶ϰƿȴǳԸ̸ˣԴŦԼŵɼ
һȨ󣬶ܹϰΪ٣˿Եõϰ桢Ǣ̸Ļᡣ
ŦԼ֮ǰȻƿ˼µķĿϸоҶƿ˼šƿ˼ϰ˶о
Ϊˣϰİֻ
׼ȷ˵ǳǳܷɹ
ΪκһΪط飬ʧ
С㣬ǰ⣬һ㡣
Ժ󣬾͵Ȼֻʱ򣬳ͻȻѡ
ȻҲ࣬಻һס
룬ȿó䱣֤㹻Ұ۲ΧһУʱΣգֿΣ֮󣬵һʱ䱣ȻΪȻӵ
ৣ
ȻĻȻһŲһ٣ʶسǰȥȻһз곯ԼͳЩ죬ĿĿŵԼϡ
ţ
һ̣Ȼͫ׷ŴüĿ֮žȣ
Ϊ˫۾ʮϤοǸ˵۾
䲢δһ㣬ȫעض꣬һ䱸ֻҪٶ֡
ʮףףס
˫ľ벻С˴һ׵ʱͻȻͣ˽Ų
ৣ
ɫһ䣬һֱӽȻ󣬻һͷΣյҰޣʱᷢ
䣬Ҫңط硣
һĻƤߵط磬ͻȻѹ˵
ȻǰСʱ»һֱûйأڴȴȻ»
ط磿
طĻȻͳ侪ֱԭء
һ̣ǵɴ۾һضط磬Ǹо·ʣôܣ
Ȼ½ӵڻ㱨֪ƿ˼ŵĵϰǢ̸Ŀ˻㱨Ҳģ㡣
·Ϊ˻ӦȻƵģطٴοڣ˵Եɡ

ٴطĻ˿Ѳٻط硣
Ȼͷһؿط硣
Ҳû뵽ط羹Ȼô֪ϢΪԼ
ط硭
֮࣬Ȼſ죬ͼ˵ʲô
Ȼ
Ļ˵ڣط㿪ڴϣﲻ˵ĵطȳȥ
á
Ȼ䲻ԼͬصͷȻطһͬǰȥֱͨء߳ͨδκλɺ顣
طٴν
һΡ
͵͵Ǳ룬ֵһ뿪
һΡ
Ƥߣһݣ̤ĹֵΣ


1312 ѪȾ
ŦԼٴ䱴뻪ĳǼֺͻֹǵشϢĸδ塢պйϵȫ򾭼Ľ̫Զֲڶʱ̵ꡢȡңȫʱнĿĽ֮һ
ҲŦԼšĽס˷Ǹ
ϰƿ˱ססһһǧƽ׵ĿиʽվڱĹѷӺϡ
ﲻӾءӰȷ䣬һƬڻ԰ƿл԰Ӿ
һУסΪŦԼȫĺլ֮һмУݵ
Ȼϰƿ˲Ҫĺլͺ֮װԼϱݡλɫݡλȼе˸ΪԺա
ҹĻ֮һŦԼȫһľۻᣬڵϰƿ˵Ŀбٰ졣
Ļ԰ó˾ۻֳɲٿصĻ԰ݶ˿̳״򿪣¹⡢ņ̀ͷɼ
԰аżӣŰײŸʽСԡġˮͲƷ
֮⣬һԵľƼϷʮֺƣҼûӣȫ˽˾ׯ
ʮߣھۻֳ΢ЦΪ˷һ֧ڱΪֶӣڽŵеĸ
ۻϰ˵㿪ʼߵʮֵʱ򣬿ǼѾˡ
ǴӾ¡Ӿ㣬ԡ뻨԰ӾԵϣŻ㣬ö֣źƽ̸͸ӾԵ͸ŦԼҹ
ʱŦԼ»ܵͣӾкϵͳˮһֱֺ״̬Ӿغͻ԰ΪȽı豸Ӿغͻ԰ʼձһķΧ
֮ŦԼĺݡȱһɣҲкԸɫʡںȱһɡ
Ժŵ˵ܹ߽ⶰбˣŦԼ˲õܹμۻˣǼӡůɫĺ֮⣬ڸڵ򣬶ţз졣
ߵʮֵʱΪ˵ĵϰƿˡ
һɫӾ㣬һɫ˯ۣһƣ˾ۻֳ
ǡŮʿǣӭǵĵϣǽÿġ
Ϊ˵ĵϰǵ˵ףʣȻеľƱ
ϰ
װĵϰŦԼҹֱ̫ˣ

Ƿ׷ĻӦȻƱңϰ
ǡŮʿǣһλʱĿˣûе
ϰһںƣȻٴο˵
ϵ۰ϻ˻ڵϰɶϳٵ𣿡
һԸԸе촽ǵһβμӵϰٰɶԣȴԼҫȥð˹ŮǽʱҪ
ǰֱ˸е˼飡
ĵϰ˭أ
Ҳڸ֮ͣг˲⡣
ھۻʽʼʮӣٵ
ϰ΢΢һЦȻ˵ע£ҿյףңԶĶһλĻĹ
Ĺ
ϰѩ𣿡
ϰĻٴ˾˵һʱ뵽ѩ㡣
Ϊѩڼ䣬ϰֹһαֳѩȤһҲһ㣬ѩμɶԣѩܾˡ
£ƵϰΪε顣
û֮һ
Ϊʮ֮УѩǵһܾˣҲΨһһ
ǡ
ѩ֣ϰ۾΢΢һȻȻǻǮĹ֮һҪ̸һ⡣
Ȼ
һΣϰĻ䣬Ӿԣһɫ꣬üͷ
Ŷգˣļ׼ȷ˵ǸطļһЩìܡ
طĻϰʱʲô
Ϊƿ˼δ̳ŵѡȻҲ˵ط磬Ҷط˽⣬ԶͨЩ϶ࡣ
еķգȫзաʱŵǸʱŵɫˣһҲǼδ̳˵š
٣ǺôĵӣȻŦԼЦ
գҸղ˵ˣҽĿˣҪǢ̸⣬ԣӦȷ֮ǰļ岻ܶʲôҿܻ᲻ˡ
ϰѵ￴ƺܿȴһӹɵĸо
ϰװѣˡ
ԵϰǿƵҪ󣬷ûие˿ҡҡͷȻֲȷûгΪĺ֮ǰҲᶯҽԶô
ԡ
ϰ𸴡
÷նȻֻ֣ǳάԼӡҵĿ˺ͺ飬ʱŵ岻ܶ
Ҳ֪طʱŵƺ˼ۺ죬÷Ļ˵Ȼ÷ձѿ
ΪάԼӣԼϵѿĴԭ
Ȼ޷Ϊϰĺ飬϶޷뿪ŦԼ
յĻожϡ

ͬʱ
һ˵ϰڵĿб¥£ƤߵطȻӳ¡
Ȼյ뺯ȷˣһӾɶԣȻδЯӾ£ȻװĲǰİһİװűʼǱԣаۼŹƿ˼ǸزĿĳ滮
Ȼʵ㲻ΪʲôģҲҪΪʲôǷΪʲô
֮ط뵽ȻԳ¾˵Ƕλ̲סڵ
ৣ
ȻطĻȻ˲ʶʲôɫһ䡣
ȻǼȻѾˣǾͰ뷨ȥ̸̸ã̸Ҳ޷ǲǮҲ֤ʲô
ط״ЦЦ
á
Ȼɵص˵ͷ
طЦݣ΢΢۾
Ϊжϣϰٰľۻᣬʱŵпܻ˲μӡ
һ£ʱŵҲãϰҲգҶȻʲôѪȾգ


1313 
ߵʮ֣طȻ¥ʱ׳ڵݿغ
֮⣬ϰƿ˵סſڻ˴󺺡
Ƕǵϰıڣ𱣻ϰİȫҶԴ¥ʵʩȫλǵļأΧƸߵ㶼мءطȻ˴ӽ¥ʼǵļطΧ֮ڡ

һ죬Ŵ򿪣׳ѸӭĿ׺ݵضطȻˡ
ͻһĻȻЩȻطɫƽֱӭ˵Ŀ⣬ͬʱ⽫ϰסſڵҲ۵ס
ֻһۣطжϳЩ˲ܹרҵѵһ˱ըԵǰҲδؿԻɱǣڻ߶ԣǲһ
ʾǵ
׳طȻӺһ˿ڣĿû뿪ط硣
ΪȻûطϲΣյϢһֿ͸طĸоطֵúܵǾЩԾ
ǵϰַ
Ȼóֻʼ㿪ռȻֻݸһ׳
أ
׳ϸһȷ󣬳طѯʵ
ҵ֣ǰϰǢ̸⡣Ȼ͡
Ǹûܽȥ
׳ҡҡͷĿ֮һǡ
鷳ͨϰ壬˵̸ģǲμɶԣҵֶҺҪҵֽĻû̸ˣǻȥ
Ȼط֮ǰĶ˵ͬʱжطѣ涼뵽ˡ
á
׳ԣӣȻ߶˵Ȼ
ߵһˣһӵˣµĻ㱨֮󣬿첽԰
ǵϰڣҲƿ˼ʿӵ൱ڻڵսҲӲӡ֤ƿ˼Եϰӡ
԰Ѹٴսϰ㱨үһȻĻŮˣ˱ſڡƲǰμӾۻᣬΪ̸ҪֽǢ̸
ѵûиֻܽôϰüͷһʵ
үѾ֪ʾһҪһ̸˻ص
ģﵱʲôˣô
ϰЩջһ䣬ȻֱˣǵȫΧܹһó160ķ󲻶࣬ղѾ֪Ȼıע⣬Ȼң
õģү
˷ɿӦȻȻϢ뿪ͨߵת˵ϰ
ϰסſڣ׳˵Ļ󣬵¶طȻϰǽȥ
£طȻػǰ·
ܿģطȻ˴󺺣ϰĿбȻͨһΪȽİţһҡ
ĿˣҪȵʲô
طȻյңһװķӶӭϹʵ
Ҫлл
һΣطֱӿھֵܾúܿ
ȻС㣬Ҽүȥ԰һͬĿ˴һкȻٸ̸⡣
ʱӵ˳ˣɨطһۣȻĿͶȻԽͿơ
ͿҸղŽ֮ǰѾرҵ⣬ΪǢ̸ǰμɶԣһȵϰɡȻҡҡͷ
ȻС㣬Ҽү⣬֮ǰѾ߿ǣǽһˡڿǰ¶һĻεģ̸ܲ⣬ôͿƵ
ðɡ
ٴͿƵĻȻ룬Ӧֻȥ¶棬Ӱ졣
ȻС㣬ҼүĿ˶ŦԼȫĿˣھӾɶԣΪ˱ǵ˽ֲһͬǰͿֿڲ
Ȼһ
Ȼȥɡ
ʱط翪ˣȻȥ԰¶档
԰棬Ȼϰ˵Ľ̸ҿȻ鷳ʱ򣬵һʱϵ
һ£ǷȻһ𲻴
á
Ȼ˵ͷȻ
ͿûеһʱȻȥ˼ؿطһۡ
ȻطȻ˵ĶԻ̬ȣ˲ԾȻط֣
ܾòԾûطϸܵΣյϢûж롣
ܿģͿƴȻȣ˻԰֮˷׷׾ϹȻʺá
ৡ
ͬʱӾԣϰڣ˶Ȼ½Ŀ۽Ȼϡ
֮⣬Щп˿ȻĿӿֳһĨޡ
ӵԺյݡλԸǲ濪ȵƯŮ˶ţëڿȻȻЩޣ
ΪȻµա͹µĺͻŮеʣ
ͬʱӾЩԺǣϻ¶˼Ľ뼵ʡ
աģΪȻȻǹӻеźŮӢϵʣΪϷӺʹǣ̾硣
ӭС㣬ǵϰٰɶΨһһλٵĿء
ݵעӹ󣬲ȵϰڣ˵˵С㡯ֵʱԵı仯裡
㡣
Ϊʱŵδ̳ѡΪط֮ǣ˿̺εضȻ¶˵⣡
Ȼ
֪Ǹøʱŵֵ־꣬ڸڣ


1314 ˭ţ
ǶΪȻĵֹͣ˽̸ֶӶֹͣ࣬԰ӾһƬ
˿̣յĻÿһ˵ĶС
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬˶ԼͬؽĿͶ˵ϰ
Ȼϰ֮ǰͬնȻ족ϰδܿˣձǷ蹷һڡ˺ҧЩϰӡ
Ȼ
˵עУϰδԷյľٶʾûȥȻ·ʲôûз
ȻȻǿҪΪܲոȻһѵ
ţ
˲ϰķӦ²˵ϰȻҲЩ
˭ܸңλС㵽жô߹󣬸ڵϰɶϳٵ
ڳ˶˾յĶȻĵ͵ϰ̬֮һﵱ¿ˣŷա
ԣϰ߲ͬʵӣȴǿԱ֤λǰ;ġְֵ֡úϴǮ˽֪飬ʱŵںżĻȨԷյݣҪһ˵ǰ;ں˯Ůһס
۶ô߹ⶼǶ˺Щ˲صΪ˵ûн
ΪλԻĵĹӦڳǸµվ

νŮһ̨ϷŮ˾ǺϷŵһĻ£Ҳʾ׷׿ڹȻַʽֺŷա
ͬʱЩŦԼĶӸǣȴûпڡ
ǷĳϺͷʽȥֺõϰˣһϷı顣
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ԷպЩĳȻδᣬֻһƽؿŵϰãϰ
ȻС㣬㿴ˣһӾɶԣҽȥһӾ£ȻҴܽĿˣҺȱƱʾǸ⡣
ϰˣƽȴһֲΥĸоţҲ֪ڻʲôٵȷһ䲻ò顣
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1315 вҵ˶ˣ
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ط۶ŷգµɱͬɽ緢һ㣬ȻΪвҵˣѾˣ

ٴطĻڳط·˽֮⣬Լ³طݵ֮⣬ͳͳɵˡ
޷ǰ꣬ҪţƵʲôزŸޡʱŵλȫһ̸ȫĶǿߣ
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طһһյʬ嶪Ӿ

һĻЩԺߡӶ˺ֶ֧ӵĳԱмĹӸ磬׷׼
У˶ԣ˶辰ԣǽȥط硣
ЩĹӸ磬ȻƾǿʣûоּУҲһޱȡ
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1316 Ҳϵ
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»ᱻ꼰أڴ˿̲Żعʶһ㡣
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ΪҲû뵽ط羹ȻĻضԵϰ֣
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Ŀ֮£طȻһϰɻһԽԲٿصĻ԰ݶ貵ǿա

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طվɱϰ
һĻһӿһͷ
ô
Բǣ
ϤطȻжϣȴ֪طҪʲô




1317 Ҵ˵ѻ
԰ӾԣȻ֮⣬˶Ϊط粻ɱϰ
ϰڱطס֮ǰΪȵĿ־壬ŵû˹ȥ˿ˤڵϣʹĴ̼£ӳ鴤˼£Ȼʶ˫ۡ
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ϰٴγĬˣϵľȥȡ֮ɻ
ԭΪطɵƿ˼壬Բɱͬʱк˿طĻֱӷֿԣͬʱطĿĸе档
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ϰı鿴ȥܲʲôˣ
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˵ĳϰмƣӥǡ۾ͣϰԣȥӵĳȡϡ
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һĶȥһλ뿪ڴ˹УҲϣо졢عĳսʿңұ֤Ķӻ뿪磡
طٴοڣȴŻе˹ڳÿһˣҴ˵ѻǶѣǵˣ




1318 ҵϢ
ԭˣ
ȻطĻЩĹӸ磬ǺԸˡߡֶӳԱǵϰˣȫȻ
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Ϊͨ˹Ļ֪طȥˣõϰʣȷȻ뿪
־ɢɵµӿֳ˷ŭ
ԭĵظĸޱ֤طҽսֻһʱط綯֡
طɱ˷գʱŵȴ֪顣
һĶ͸ʱŵϣĽ͸ʱŵҫ֧飡
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Ȼܿżصζɵȴ֪Ⲣ󣬶
Ҳ͸ʱŵǰν̸õķʽҿںܶʱҪʱ㲻ܾܾ
õģ˹ҴӦھͽб
ɵ˴𸴣ͬʱԼ̬ȣǣȷĶûΣջĻһһʱ䱨Ǹ顪Ҳ뿪




1319 ǿ
աʱŵڵϰƿ˵Ŀбطɱϰƿ˱طٳ֣
˹ɵµ֮ͨϢǲϳһѸῪʼ˾޴
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þƵһǼƵ꣬ȫŦԼҲһľƵꡣ
طȻǰϰĿб֮ǰס˻ʹھƵ꣬Ҫȥͽӳ䡣
طȻţǰɫƽˮȻЩǣǽΣա
ݵǣҲľеûڡ
ǲȻĵûڣطסȻԱð֣Ȼ¶ȺַʽȻ¡
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ϸĻԷ֣˵Сţһ׳⽫³ŵùĹĵģ³˱ըԵ
Ŀ⼫Ϊ䣬ӵʱ򣬷·һ㣬Ϣؽ㿴͸
еɭսֵһְҲǸ֯ǿߴ֮һ¶һͬӵ۷ǿߵսɱǿߣΪǿߵսߣȫѧ졣
ңҲȫѧ˵ĳԱִŵĸ֮һ
˿̣ɭ¶һΪطרŵȴط絽
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ɭ¶ԣ׷Ŀ絶һɨȥĿ͸һ۱㿴ںλϵط硣
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·һжԤУ


1320 Ͷ
ţ
ϰطķӦһ
ޡɭͰ¶ˣͬЩȡ
Ϊطֵʵ̫ˣ
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ȵϰлعطھɭʮ׵ĵطóͣ
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֮ǰѾ֪˽ڵϰбһС
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1321 طɱ
ѵҴǻ
طָָԵĵϰʡ

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1322 漣ܷ
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1323 ٷ֮һ
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·˹һ߱
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Ϊ֪˵ݡ
ȡ
簮Ů
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ϯߵĻ£鷿űƿ˽
һɵ˶˼ĮԸУ˼ഺͳ
ȣҵıôˣϯ΢ЦŻӭȡ
үү졣
ѵ¶˵ƤЦݣȻɳϡ
죿
ϯԣһһµʲôЦŵȣû´ĻңΪǸطɣ
үүΪʲôô϶أ
ϯܹµһ㣬Ȳе⣬ҲûиеΣֻǺеԭ
Ϊϯǻ۵ˣ
ΪҵõϢȻ֮ÿ춼ڷйػطϡ
ϯһǵطˣʱҵĿĲͲԶ𣿡
үүءЦŹά
㲻Ҫҿġ˵ȣǸط㺱ȥĵһءϯ˵ţؿȣ·Ҫȵ˼
ǵġΪҺܺ棬һҪ㵽ʲô̶ȣſԱүүԤԣΪʱǣգգ۾ܸɴسһ㡣
ðɣ֪ʲôϯ߿ЦȻ󿪿ʵ
үүطӦñ֪ܻ뿪𣿡ȿżɽʡ
Ϊأϯ߷ʡ
ַͨƶ뿪ϣٷ֮һ˵Լƶϡ
ȣǡǡ෴ΪĿԲٷ֮һ
ϯˡ
ȴľ


1324 Ⱥħ
̩أͬһոգⶾȵܡ
Ȼ
ȴĴ͸©һϢ
һУֻΪδ̳ĪˣϺӱƻĺطɱ͹̩ȭҫݺݼ̤
Ϊƶߵأڻص֮鼫Ϊ⣬ɱйߡ
һ£ĳԱ˺ŵӣһǲǰ¶棬»Ϊص»ꡪһ
һ⡣
Ϊ鱨˵صסء
ʵϣ֮ǰ˺ܾõ˼붷ջǾˡ
ΪȻ⣬ҲᱻѵҪ㱨һ£صпܻõƣԶһ¡
֮⣬Ǹûн»㱨أȵպ֪󣬼пܻᴦ
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ڴ֮󣬵һʱʺá
ʲôҪһ㱨һĮʵ
壬طǸˣ
Ǽ򵥵˵Ҫ㱨飬Ȼ۲صı仯
ȻЩݣͫ׶ȻŴȻϸһ㡣

صķӦ֪Լж϶ˣ˿Ȼɿػ㱨壬ġ
ϵĻûлӦѲ֮ǰ䡣
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壬ΪطǸαضϼ״˵Լжϡ
н֮һ㱨ָʾ
ǣ壡
ϹȻûµָʾ˳

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÷Ǹôϣٴڰ֮˶档
ͬһһ˶÷ġ
֮ǰ׼ȷ˵Դ˶Ȼ֮һֱչ
Ȼ֮д޴ĴطʵķЩ˵ĿʵеΣС
Щ˦˺棬ֻƾֱ̿׷
÷ˣʲôҪ𣿡˶÷󣬿ʵ

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ģĴжһȺ׳ôˣǻڶǣ
÷Ļ˶Щջһ䣬Ȼʵ÷ˣڶʲô
طˡ
÷ٴοڣطֿ֪˶
ģطǸԴżôȻΪһܵȥ
ٴ÷Ļ˶Եñ֮ǰҪͷŭֱؼǣҪˣǵĹô죿
ģ˵Ĺǵġ
˶һ÷彫طعѵڰıƸЦŵѾð²˸Ϲȥˡ
ûô
˶ЩԾ²ǺڰĴϣʵֲΪ۷ǿ֮һҲǸֹ뾳Ŀֲ
汣ֻ֤Իط磬ӰΣһУͬð²ʱ뾳
˵÷̲סЦˣʱ˵²Ӧÿޡʱŵˡңţսֵĵɭƿ˼İ¶ܾ²˽ǸطߵҪ󡣡
÷ˣİżֱ̫ӢˡȲ뿴طǸ鱻ﰡ
˶˷ܵЦǸо·Ѿطͬһ㱻Ȼ˿ط͵õعˡ
ͬʱ÷ԤϵһΪڰϵİ²ˣŦԼʻҼޡɭͰ¶ˡ
²ˣþò
²˴кΪʱŵػڰŽܵϵ԰²˲İ෴Ѿʶܶˡ
²ˣû뵽㾹ȻҲ˹
¶ҲˣͰ²ͬڵߣʵ޼Ǹʱ콾²˸һȫ۷ǿ֮һ
ɭûڡ
ǴӸ˽ǶȣǴսֵĽǶȣӭ²
һΣ²ΪطսֶЩ赶ɱ˵˼
ϾǵɭֽطɱĻƻĺȫѧ˲׷Ҳ˶ƻġ
ޡ¶Ǻá
²ǻӦޡ¶ȻԵɭɭʦһϸ뾳ǰĳŵֻԻطǸϳ֣ȫļල¡
á
ɭͷ²˶ص̬Ⱥͳŵɫ˲١
һСС顣طǺڰ֮ĶԹ̫࣬ǣǵ¹˹ƻ֮ԣ뽫֮ߣ²˵ԼҪ
û޵һ̬
Ҳû
¶Ҳ̬ˣҪȳϰ֮⣬Ҫط籯磬Ӷƿ˼档
ƿ˼ԣɱطʹУ𲻴
ԡ
ɭĬƬ̣Ҳͷͬˡ
Ȼ֪²ҪطʲôԣطȶĿġ
ֻҪĿĴﵽսֶ⣬طջ
ңսһҲƻģúڰİ¹˹ȥƻΪʲˡ
Ǹ˵ʱ䵽ˣǹȥɡ
ʱ޿һۻʾϵʱ䣬

Ȼ
һ̣ȵɭ²˺Ͱ¶ӦVIPϢҵŴˡ
طŵϰ߳һ۱㿴˰²ˣҸܵ˰²˵Ŀʵû˿Ŀ־͵ǣ෴һɵ˵һ仰
ڿʼǱұһ׵ľ룡


1325 ߣ뿪
ţ
ȻطǿƵĻΪڰϵİ²üͷһ
֪طһǿƣû뵽طԼˣſ
¶޺͵ɭӦû˶ŭа¶ʵط磬㵽ʲôʱŵϰү
ȵҵ뵽ĵط֮󡣡
طޱɨ˰¶һۣȻĿͶɭ׼ô
ط磬Ѿ׼ˣ3ſڣҪȥ
һΣڵǵɭΪ֮ǰطò㻳˿ûпڡ
㲻Ҫ֪һ㣬ֻҪסҵĻǱұһ׵ľ룬Ҳظ
ط˵ţĿڰ²ϡ
֮У²˴в
Ϊ²˵ʵ۷ǿߺ;ǿ֮䣬ڰ÷Ͱ¹˹ˣ
ҲҪ˱뱣ְ׾ԭ
۷ǿ˵ȫʩչٶȣʮףգۼʤ
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طĻõɭɫЩѿû֮ǰߣüͷٴѡЭ
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£ɭٷϻֱӴŰ²ˡ¶˳ǰȥӶط100׵Ҫ
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ʱ㳡ŦԼٵһ鷱Ϊʮ·ڡۼ˽40̳;ԺǷʢּģҲŦԼ˿ܼĵطÿ糱
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ǿ۽γʱ򣬱۽γѾͣ£ͣһҵرʮ·ڡ
ܿģǳ嵽۽γԱߣȻϰڸʻλϣط粢ڳС

ϰţǰ¶ǵɭ˿
ǶԣϰҪģ
޺Ͱ²˵ɫЩѿ޸ֱӴʵطǸأ
ҵˣϰɫѿ˵
ط֮ͣµ˼㣬һҲҶȻط粢δɱǵһʱ³
Ӿֵлָ˼ǣӶؿطܶȼҵ
쵰
ϰĻܻŭһ
Ϊ֪Ǹ޷˿ܶȼҵｫطҳ
֮⣬ȻطˣǽҪҵط磬ͬ룬Ѷȼ
һطпܰȻ뿪
²ˡɭͰ¶Ҳ֪һ㡣
Ȼ
һ̡
ζ뵽طѹû뿪


1326 Ǿһɢɳ
ޡ¶ɭΧط罫ʮĸСʱʱ̸˰²֣ջǱطɹˡ
طеϰʣͶȻǸеܶˣߡ
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֮࣬²ߵһԣóֻͨ˺ڰ÷ĵ绰
÷壬ĳˣ
绰ͨ²˿żɽ˵ʮֵͳ
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绰ͷ÷ԭô˶̸Ȼ²˵ĻֱӾôվ
һԵ˶ҲǾԭأɫѿ˼㣬ǸоǵѼӷƵġ
Ϊڸղţ÷ѾΪ²ƱػὫطǱѾطع˺ڰĲƸ
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ԣµɴ۾һŵѵƿ˼ѡݳ裿
ޣҸղ˵˹ľʣȥ¶ȷһ㣬ȻֱӴŵϰ뿪ˡ

ԶԣȻĿͶɭǸо·ɭսһݡ
ޣսʱֹͣԻط׷
ɭ˵Կȴǰطǻۡµϰ
طƿ˼׷ɱط磬طϸδΥȫѧ˵Ĺ涨սֵĹ涨
仰˵սûгֵɼط֣
һ£սּطֵĻпܻ᳹׼ŭط磬ǶսֺԶجģ
Ϊطͷ·ޣΣգ
οսĻƻģ

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ˣսֶֻʵʩץɱ֮ǰսֳֵĻȥҵ˾
ɭһ˵Ȼ󲻵޻ػת뿪ˡ
ڲǰĴǿ֣ȴΪһɢɳΨ
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վͨʱ㳡·ڣʮַŭǿ־壡
㱼䡣
·𿴵Լ͸ʱŵͨĵ·


1327 ħõɫ
طӰ²ˡɭ¶ǿֵΧУɹѣ
һСʱһϢѸٴѸײڶ֮ƴȫѧ硢͸ܻٴȻ󲨣
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Ϊǿһ֣֮
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ܸطѵľϸʮָȤûκϢ͸©һ㡣
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طȴ
طٴαƵ˷˿ڣﵽһµĸ߶ȣ
ͬʱҲɱطķʽֻܽгǿ߻߶ôģɱ

ڰֵʱ򣬻磬
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ٴƻĵİ칫ҡ
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ǰŸһ칫ң̲ס̾Сӻ˵һɹˣ
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һ˵Ϊϣͻ񾳵ˣôͲزۡ
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Կ϶ǣطϣ壡

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ϯߺܿ϶صͷϸͳƣ֣ᷢȥ飬ɹǰٷ֮١

ȳԭأû뵽ԼүүжϾȻΪһ㡣
ȻһЩĳɹҲǰٷ֮٣űʵζżֳɹʸһЩϯ䡣
үүħõɫʡ
ȿЦѣܹӱɱ֮ѣⱾһħɫʵ顣
ħô
ϯٴЦˣЦһֻϺ꣬ȣҲħõ黹ں棡
үү˵
һΣûнĻ˵꣬ԼүүϯߵϿ˴𰸡
𾪵ͬʱҲڴ
ĺϷſʼ


1327 
֪ʱգ۶
ڹȥʱûκйطϢط·ʧһ㣬Ȼȫѧ۵Ľ㡣
ӣطѾӳ
жϣõ˾󲿷˵ͬ
Ϊһǿ߶ԣ֮뿪һңһǳ׵顣
Ȼ
ɵ¡ʱŵȴΪ
Ϊ˶طİɱ㵽ԶʱŵӪŦԼ˹ά˹
˹ά˹λĴĳ֮һһԶĲҵΪĵΡȼٵ֪ȼٳУӵС֮֮͡ơ
ʵʣ¼Ԫȥ˹ά˹Ҳ㷭Ǯ໨꣬ȥ˹ά˹Ҳᵽ˺
Ƕ˹ά˹õݡ
һһá
˹ά˹Ĳҵȫֵƿأʱŵڵֵ˹ά˹иԵĶĳ
ɵ¡ʱŵطѵܸϵ˹ά˹ģûоκˣֻǸĸ硣
֮⣬Ϊ˷ֹطıüкĳԱȫ
ϣްɵ¸ĵַصĵص㡪˹ά˹һ߶ׯ԰
ׯ԰ӵ˹ά˹ĸ߶֮⣬һɵ¡
ֲ򳡵ܣǸģ˴ԶϽ˽룬Լѡ
ɵ´Լˣûбκ˷֡
㲻˵ô֯ĵ⣬ͨһԱ͹ԱǱֻ֤ҪطǸ֮󣬱սֳֻɱôΪʲôط֮սַ׷طǸ飿
޼ɵ֮ͷһʡ
Χطʧܣĳ裬Ҳ͸ʱŵվ
磬ԭ鶼㶨ˣ˵⡪Ǹ쵰ˣ
ɵЩƵ֪ģǸ쵰Ȼսϵĸˣսֵ飬ɼְһΣͻȻֹڻطǸ飬̬ʮǿƣʩѹǹٷʩѹ޼£
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üûп
Ϊ֪Լĵܵ˵Ӧġ
һ棬սֵĵɭ׿ڸ׷ɱط磬ϼľ
ɭеϼ˿ˡ
һ棬սֵĳȻλͿʵݣԲὫЩԱ͹Ա
ִеڶʩô
ݵĳĬֿʵ
ɵ֮ǰİţ˻ѾͨԱԱ֮⣬ͨ̿ȡϵ
ǵģ磬ڻطǸѵ˰ϵ̿ˣԸʮطǸͷĿǰڵȴ̿ǱߵĻӦ
ɵµ˵ͷΪ˻ɱط磬׼޴Ĵۡ
Ϊʮһȫʷͷһأͣ

ɵµĻ£ֻͻȻ
ţ
ɵһóֻһԼǸ鱨˵磬½ͨ³˹ϵ̿𣿡
ǵģװɵ£ϵ˴̿ˣ˵Ǹһ˻񡣡
绰ͷΪ鱨ͷӵ³˹ȷĴ𸴡
ϵۣ³˹Ƿһ롣ʲôʱŦԼܵʱŵ߹Ļӭ
³˹ĻɵԵЩ˷ܣȻ³˹Լĸм֮ͱꡪ³˹Ϊ£˸ʱŵꡣ
⡭ɲýǮܹ򵽵ģ
װɵ£ȲҪŸˣ̿ǱһҪ󡣡³˹Ц˵
ʲôɵʡ
̿Ҫȥ̳Ȼȥ񡣡³˹ת̿˵Ҫ
ΪʲôҪôأ
ɵЩɻһ١
ϾʱŵȻҵ̿ˣȻǳʡ⡯ģҾԲܣҲˣ
װɵ£̿˿ȫϡءǿɱ֯ǳ̫ˣ̫ˡںܶ˶֪̿˵ĴڣҲ֪Ĵ̿ǶôĿֲ
Ϊ˵³˹һڷؼӣһѩѣȻŻشɵµɻ󣬡񣬴̿Ȼˣδκ񡪡ίеǵһ
³˹˼ǣ̿Ĺɵһ³˹˼
ǵģװɵ£طȫ硢ѧȫ֮бɱ䶯ô³˹Ц˵
õģ³˹ھȥ񡣡ɵԣеɻ󣬵һʱ˻Ӧ
װɵ£ܿͷ󻼣úõıŮˡ
绰ͷ³˹һƿеķؼӺ˸⣬ȻЦ˵һ䣬ٲȻѾط統һʬ塣
Ϊ֪̿ûɱĿꡣ
仰˵Ǵ̿˽µĿȫڸ֯ɱУ
Թһ⣡
ҲΪǿصɱ֯ԭ
̵½̳Ըʱŵ壬һ񣺻ɱط磬ʮ𣡡
ɵ½³˹֮ͨ󣬲ֱͣӵ޵棬Լıָʾ
ǣϰ壡
ڵһʱ乧
Ӻ
ڰɵµָʾڰ̳ʮ
һը
Ϣɿ촫ȫ𶯡
طǶȫɱ۸


1328 Դ̿˵İɱ
˹̹ΡáĻڡšóסͨģʤأĹʴ֮һ
˹̹ŷʷƾõĳ֮һֽоʿ̹ǹŴŷ޾ƾõľƹҡռͥ۹׶
Ԫ330꣬ʿ̹۹ǨˣΪܿ䴴߾ʿֶ̹ơʿ̹
˹̹Ȼȫһ߳УλԶʷô
Ȼ
ˣ̿˻ǽܲ
Ϊ̿˹̹һƾõʷͻԻ͵Ĺȥ۹ڼ֯һֱ
ҹɫī˹̹ĳϵĳǱһƬžҡҷ·һ㣬ëȻ
Ǵ̿ϵܲĿǰҲҪĸݵ֮һ
Ϊ˱ųǱԭòǱﲢδӵ磬ʶϲŵ
ųǱһϾɵĴΪ̿ǿ˵ϣһ£һѺɫϣ˷·˺ҹһ㡣
顪
ͻȻ𣬴˴İ

³֣ͳ䡣
֨
Ӧһ˽첽ϣȻھʮ׵ĵطͣ½Ųϥأػ㱨үѾҪڰ̳˸ʱŵ巢񡪡ɱط磡
á
˵ͷʱŵһͨ³˹ϵ̿˵ʱϱ⶯ˡ
ΪԽ֯ڴôͣʵ
ɱط磬õѡ
ط̩չ֮󣬽֯Ҳ֮û
׼ȷ˵ûеʱ
֮⣬طǵ硢ѧ໯۷ʦߵһһֱ˿ڡ
һ£ϻɱط磬Ǻ䶯ȫĴ¼۶ˣǶԴ̿˶ǳ棡
ˣǴ̿ˣǸ𣿡뵽ʲôʵ
ûСүֻһ
ǸӦȻ˵Լжϣһ棬Ǹطʵǿ󣬶Ŵ澳̣ѻɱΪҪǣǸطһǿƵˣгرЩǵжʧܣȻܻطı
Ȼүԣְɱ
˵󣬺ֲһ䣬ǹάʵĻ
Ϊɱֶԣ沫ɱͰдɱȫ
ڴ̿˵ʷϣɱǿӣʤ
ܺá
Ϻ̲סЦЦЦЩ䡣
үԸ𣿡˹ʾ
һ黪طĲءָʾ
ǣү
˵һʱȻûµָʾȻϢ뿪˴
ǰŸߣٴαƿһϢĽɭ˽
ʦ
ɭʺá
ɭڹܶɱ˵ֶκ;飬İʦ
ңɭʵǿǴ̿ĺĳԱ֮һǴ̿˵ǿˣҲҪԽɭʾء
ϣǸطܹڣԲǽֻŲΪ֪ĵƣҲսԶʵʵԭ򡣡
ɭ˵ͷȻһѵȻͬȥɱǸط磬㣬мɵģ뻪ط潻֣ȡһɱ
İɣʦұ֤жԲɹ
һŵػӦЩˣΪô̿˵ͽɭǺܷġ
ɭԣüͷ΢΢һǲܶطһɱ뿪Ѱһᣬ־ϵţա
һ졣
طɹӰ²ˡɭ¶Χɱ֮гɹѵϢ֮󣬴̿ǿϽ¸ʱŵίӣٴ̳涼̸顣
ǽ֯ġ
֯ϸؽ˴̿ˣԴչ״Ȼжϣ̿˺пܻø֯ǿȥ
̿˺ܿȷϣȥ
ǶԽ֯Ϣƶе𾪣
˽֮֯⣬ȵһΪ̿ǿ˿Գɹɱط
̿Դӳƾõʷ˺ܶʱȴδйʧֵļ¼ֱţ漣ݣԱ֯£ҶÿһżΪϸожϣһĿʵɳʵɱ֡ԭΪ̿ǿϿԳɹɱط磡
ȣעһ㣬ǰɱǱ䡣̿ȫϡصɱ֯Ҵδйʧ֡Ǵִ̿ǿˣʵɲ⡣˵뻪ط䣬Ϊطʤĸʸ󣬵ʵʩɱŻط
֧ǷۣǸݽ֯Ͻзƶϣжϡ
̿˵ϵȷţһܵĴ˵ǲҪˣطĴ˵ߣţطڶα֮ŤתƣȻػڣôʵֵϵİɱԼ漣
Ŵ̿˵ǿϺǿ󣬵ǲҪˣڴߣҰ²ˡɭ¶ǿֶδܽطɱôҲΪط粻ֵܹϵİɱҼпܷɱϣ
ط֧ߵۣҲоݣŷ
˫֧ڰ̳òɿͬʱҲⳡδʵʩİɱΪȫѧȵ㡣
ݰ̳ͳʾŴ̿ǿܹɱطıǰٷ֮ʮ
仰˵Ϊطֵܹסϰɱģֻаٷ֮ʮˣ
¹˭֣в֪
˶һ㡣
̿˺ط֮УȻһֹ漣


1329 ʱңҫ۵ǣ
¸绪λ̫ƽذǱ½ĵ죬Ҳʮôʮһ졣
ҹĻ٣¸绪һƬľһũ鲼ںĸ䣬ƻ綹졣
һũ´һ׺ɫ˶ڵǰŰ̳
ԴطǰŦԼ֮˱㰴طָʾѡ٣
֮⣬µıһ
̿ҪɱطϢ̳ԭĵһƬ䡣
ڽ֯˴̿˵ϸ֮ȻüüĿ֮ӿֳ˼ֵǡ
С㣬ʲôõϢô
֮󣬿üͷһʵʮֹ
Ϊ֪ѾطŮˣҲΪµΪˣ
仰˵֯׻ƵĹȣȣ¸绪һжµ˳ᢣҼûгֹ
ʱŵ嶯ʮͷ̿˽񣬸֯ǿ˽Ҫʵʩɱͳ˵
̿ˣ
һ£Ȼ֯죬֮ѡ񳼷׷ط磬ƿ飬ϡصɱ֪֯顣
Ǵ̿˵ϣ㿴һ¡
ķӦ򿪽֯ǸȻ󽫵Եݸ
ӹԣؿܿͫױŴüĿ֮ӿֳһĨ𾪣
֯ʷ͵漣ˣ
ϵ𽥱ȡ
С㣬ô
Ӻ̧ͷʵ
ҲᱻǸ̿˵ǿϳɹɱݽ֯ڴ̿˵Ľܣһµ֯
üͷص֯ӽ¸ʱŵίпʼעΪǵĵˣ
š
˵ͷµ֮
ΰɱطţ̿˶벻ưոݣطǿƣǵ´̿ˣһ뾡һа취ô̿ϡصɱ֯ʧʷĳ֮У
֮⣬Ҳ͸©һرҪźšٴοڣ˼֡
ʲôʶʡ
̩Ǹǽð̿ϣǶǿˡҪ֣ìܡޡ֮⣬Ϊһ㡪Ҫûɱ
µüͷšһҲͳ˼֣Ϊʵ̫עʵ̫ˡ˭ɱضĴ飡ͬһУǸ˺䱳˲ﵽһ޷ĸ߶ȣ
òƺе
˼ͬʱµĶ֮ǿ̾硣
¶֪ǣԭҲǸĴͳɱǿţ
طǡʱһҫ۵ǿǣ˶ժȡ
ҵжȷģô·ʵ̫ˣþԵݶΪ
˵󣬸еһۡ
Լ˴ӼгҳϱЧȥĹҪԵУǺεȼѶпһ·
֪ΪǸ׷桢ݺ˶еۡ
ǰ·һߵûСͷϿµ˵

̾˿Ȼʵˣսӵ绰ʲô𣿡
ˡ
ɫѿʱŵڻѰͷͬʱǱ¸绪ɱǵˣݻǵ⡣ڽ˽֣ʧһ𣡡
ৣ
ɫ˲һ䣬Щʧ׻ƵԳܵ𣬵±ʺء
Ҳһ㣬˵ȻúĵĵֶʱĶһЩȦ֮ĵ֣ʧҲǵĳܷΧ֮ڣʲôֵʿܴ󣡶ңĻǲҪ˵չ桢㶼ܼѣ
ʱֻܼˡ
³Ĭ˺ܾã˵һ仰
С㣬˼ǣ뵽ʲôֲҿ϶
δ飬Ŀĺȷʱŵ壡
һǣ˸ڴĹâһ㣬һɱǸνĴ̿ǿ˵ĻԻ޴壬ڶڽǵΣ
ԣǰһϵڴ˿١

ɡ
һλĳУ֪Ĺҵ֮һΪ紫ͳĺ֮
Ȼ
޵ĳУձʱ
2013ƲΪʷϹģƲУ
ĲҵԴһĳУȫضűʱľ顣
绪ĵһЩú̿ʯԴΪ֧ҵЦһʱġúͶ
Щ˥֮󣬻һͬ㣺˿ڴʧһĹһƾסլ¥
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ҹĻУһƾɵС¥΢Ĺâ
âֻĻ
ҹطֻͨյĵ绰
С磬޺ɵ˵Ĳص鵽ˣ˹ά˹ĸ߶ׯ԰
绰ͨȿڣ֪طҪϢ
ǰط֮մһ绰ֲͨ֯ӵ鱨æޡɵ˵䡣
֯˻߼鱨Ȳϴ˵еĽ֯Ҳȥ
ʵ֤һ㣬ֻʱ䣬鵽һУ
֪ˣлл塣
طԣһȻձʾл
С硭
ֹ
壬ôˣ
طƬûеȵպĻЩɻ
ԿʱȻ߾ȫͻƻڣһھ桢ѹСܶࡣ
ԥ˵ԼĽ顣
طͻƻڣܹɱط˾ָˣ
壬ллѺͺ⡣
طٴαʾ˸лȻڵգʱң

ճĬ
طҶϵ绰ͷŹǣֱͦ߳С¥ǰĳ˹ά˹


1330 ǰ
ʱȫ硢ѧ̿ǿҪɱط飬ҡ
˫֧߶Ȳ뿴Ȼӡ֤ԼжϣݺԼ۽ˡ
Ȼ
ط·𳹵״˼һ㣬ûκйϢ
ڴڼ䣬ޡɵһֱ˹ά˹ĸ߶ׯ԰ﶼûȥ
Уһֱڶ¥չأɵµ֪̿˽97λϳְɱط֮󣬱һֱ硣
޷ɱط磬˶дߵ³˹˵绰³˹ٴΰæ̿ϵЭԱ³˹ܸɴؾܾ
ɵ£װѣ̿ѡǿϸ񣬱ȻǾ˼ǵģžԵİգҲǵ⣬ǲܸġ
ңһ򲽽ʧˣ̿ҲֱΪֹҲǴ̿ʱڰٷ֮ٵԭ򡪡û֪ǵսжǿ
³˹ԭȻ޷ɵ·ͬʱЩơ
Ϊ͸ʱŵԣҪط籨ʱŵ֮ǰطɱ
Ļط籨֮󣬴̿ȥɱط磬ʲô壿
Ȼ
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ҹĻ֮޽߳¥´
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ʵϣڹȥﲻֹһȥҵţЭ̣´ŵ޵ַˡ
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磬̿ڰ̳ɸ֯ǿϸɱطǸ
Ҽǵã֮˵ûκΰտԻɱطǸ飡ǸϱڴҪһܻɱطǸ飿
ɵüͷ˵Լĵǡ
ǽ֯һڵĴԱе96λһڣе97λ
̿ӦеǸϣ֯
ͫ΢΢Ȼо˸ڷȻ̿ô֯аաΪԸ֯ԣĵһҪʧܣڳʦԸ֯Ӱܴ󡣡
磬һ㣬Ҳ뵽ˣҸղ˵Ǹϵʵ㣬ôɱطǸ飿ɵٴʳеɻ
һ֯Ȼųȫص鱨ϴǿ߶Ǹĺģ֯δؾܹЩ˵ʵֻһɵο仰˵Ǹ񵥲ǰٷ֮׼ȷ
̿ǱȽ֯Ϊϡص֯֯ǿ˵ʵΪȻʵǿ
ڶɱͱ䲻ͬͨԣɱʤǿ̿Ϊϡءǿɱ֯ͨɱ
ϷΪ̿ǿӦÿԳɹɱطǸ飡

޵Ļɵ³˿ȻΪû⣬Ҿͷˡ㶼֪ǶôĵġΪ˱ƻطǸصȥ˼ô¸绪ɱ֯ˣݻ֯⡭
ʲʲô
Щ𾪵شɵµĻʲôʱȥģ
ڴ̿ǿɰɱطǸ֮ڹȥɳȥ˻ɱ׻ƵϰˣƻǺü⣬ϧǵĺĳԱͳͳˣʱҲǸµӣץǾͲĵˣֻȴ̿˻ɱطǸ鼴ɡ
ɵӦ˵սȥʮ⡣
ɵ£̫ļˣôҪ飬ôأ
ٴδɵµĻȥЩ͵ǡ
磬ǣɵЩ졣
᳹׼ŭط磬գҪ֪ط缴㲻Ҳڼô󣬶̿˵ܲŷޡ
磬ǵڴ̿Ǹǿϸϵ֮ǰطǸյǣ
һΣɵ´޵ĻʶԼĴ󣬿ȥҲЩš
ţҪҲӦø˵һȻǻط
޵˵ͷȻЩĵʵϢҺı֮⣬ʲô֪
ûˡ
ɵҡͷӿֳ˲
ΪԼĸޣʮֵطǰɱš
㡭ıأ
޺ȻɵµıڲûһִʱڱſڣҲ޷ӦϢɫһ䡣
ˣ
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ɵ¿ڻشһͻȻͬһڱſը졣
䡪
䣬
̵ı⵽ػɶ
һӰ߽˱
ط磡


1331 ȭ
ৣ
طĻطϤףɵ£ޣɫ˲䣡
ڸղţǻڵطǰɱţطͳˣ
ô
طһߣһߵĮؿޡɵˣͷ·ڿʬ塣
˹ά˹ҹǱ߶ׯ԰δڶ֣Ǳׯ԰ϸ飬Ƿսֺж
ͨһĹ۲죬ֲûڰСʱǰ׽ɱɵµıڣȷϱֻޡɵֵˣ
׷Ǳ˹Ȼޡɵֵ˵Ľ̸
ΪºǱ߳⣬ͨأطһֱûϵ֪ʱŵж
ΪˣɵΪ˱ԼȻǰ¸绪ɱ׻ƵˣһŻ׽µʺеɱ˲ﵽ˼£
˿̣ͬ߳ɱϵɱͬһ㣬ϯޡɵֵˡ
⣡
طǿµɱ⣬ǱΪ̸ֵɵ£Ϊʱŵѧǿޣͷûһ𣬸еһëȻ
Ϊýֺͷ뵽طĿġɱǣ
Ȼ
ϵľһţȡ֮һɱڣС֣Ϊɱң
Ժ͹ҰҲ˵ͬĻڵףܿȥǡطͣ½Ų䶢ޣӸ𰸡

ԣЦǵƲδȫָУѻָƺ۷սʲôɱң
ԣ
ֻ˵ûаջɱط磬˵У
޵ĻɵţеľҲ˼֡
֮ڣ·
ط˵ţѪڣھӿ˵ѸǸоһ˲һµϢΪģڱ
һ̣̫ү̵غںˡȭ͹̩ȭط
׼ǿսѸٽսӶֹ֦

طɵֻؿѹһɽƵģѣеޱȵѹ֡
ҲܵطӰ죬ǿѹµĲٴг֡
Ȼ
ûлɱطİգе˲ޱϾǻĶǿߣӵǿ־ܿᶨͬ
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磬Сģ
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һȣ޽һΣһȳ
·سɴһ㣬һ֮طǰȭգ˳ƺڵһ㳯طźХȥ
սȭռɱ
ս񱬣
սȭϸͱ֪ѧʦںӡڰѧĺȭӡȷšĦȭȸ书һЩһŰԵ书ڱ
ս񱬡ǸѧʦըƵУȭ֮УϰڻĿ˲䣬ޱرھɱס
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1336 һսǬ
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Ϊ̿˲طͻս۷Ļᡪ֯Ϊȫءϵɱ֯Ȼſֲ鱨һҵط磬ɱ
񣬸ʱŵ񹥻ط׻Ƶ»طΪ˱סͷڹ꣬һʱˣ׻ƵҲҷ𣡡

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޶ԣϵ³Ϊңʧȥۣ֡СֻٲˣѪģԴˣһԡ
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һĻºһɵˣϵ𾪱֮ǰŨ
Ϊǿ۵ΪطȺɱˣѹû뵽ҲûطὫһˣ
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֮ǰ˵ʲô̿ǿˣڻطǰսֻ5ʵ֤һУһܣ̳ߣûɣ

½ˣȻǰ

ݣϵ𺳱õЦȡ̲סЦ
ҲЦˣǼ
ΪǸѡ³ĵ׷꣬漣׻Ƶ֮ʣķʽ˸ʱŵһŤת˾档
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1337 
طһսɱɵ¡޺˵Ϣٴȫ硢ѧڣҲð̳ﵽʷ֮
ӵа̳ʺŵ׷Ϣ֮ӿ˰ط緢ӡ
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𶯹󣬼˶һ㡣
޺˷ֱλдĵ9697λ߸Ǵ̿˵ǿˣҽֻ֯Ǹ沫ɱʵеʵʩɱɻɱʵǿǿߣ
طֻǱ֯ڴ100λɱɭ֮󣬽֯طʵҪ¶壬ġ
ܶ˾ãطʵ޺ǿҲǿֻ̫࣬ǿһߡ
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յĽȴط罫ܱ˿ܣ
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Ϊط缫пͻս۷塣ս񾳿ԼȻԿ羳ɱս۷ǿߣһͻƣսᱩȫ۷ǿǿߣԽͣΪʲôͬʱɱ޺ϣ
Ϊ֯ĳĬ̳ϳ˺ܶ²⣬²õ˺ܶ˵ͬ
֮⣬һ²⣬ͬҲ١
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ط³һŨܵ˹Ļ

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˹һѡǰҴ𰸡
ط״ٷϻ˵ԼĿģ岩Ϊҵѣߵˣ
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1338 ɱ
طѾ뾳սֽͻطڵΪϱȫѧˣȫѧ˰ع涨ԻطϳͣͬʱطԶֹ뾳
սֵľɭٴγ̬ȡ
ڹȥʱսֺж飬طչѲ飬δҵط磬֪طѾص˼ô
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飬ڱȫ˲С𶯣
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ҲǾ䡰־ñغϺϾñط֡Դ
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1339 
岩峤ֵίԱϯ˹ݷطĵϣŦԼշ·һźɫĴĻסƵģû¹⡢ǹ⣬һƬڡ
ŦԼϴơؽһҹúܶ˸е˸ѹ֣ڵա
ҹŵ㣬ƿ˼ׯ԰2ű
Ϊƿ˼δƶߵ˹ƿǰϣмһ֧Űѩѣÿӻһڣ鷿ﶼѩеζ
ʣȻؿ˹鷿ȥܼ򵥣ֻһӣûаڸֵּĻƿŶǽûйиֻǹһ֡
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1340 һֱ
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˯УжȥױݵƯϣЦݣҸ·𻹳Ŀ֮С
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󣬾͵طӵʱʶץطĸ첲ԼĻУǱصı
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˺²Ϊֻ֣Ը׷ߣ֤ĻԻͣ

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ӽСɱɵ¡ʱŵޡʱŵǸɱ֣˸ʱŵ壬Ϊȫǿ߶ʵĲɣЩжʱ֣ѵõĳɳʱ䡣
򡢹̺ͽС綼ûʧﵽ˳ԤڵĿġ˵㲻ø

ȻȻҲ֪һУûдǶȥ⣬ⷬЩȻ
οĳԲûдϲҲãҲգҪ˵Ҫʵжȥ
ٴοڣȻ´˻ȻΪغܺõġܡ֣ȻԴͰο
ȻȻϵͰûڱɬȡ
Ϊû뵽Ҳ֪ϲط磡
ȻҪ֪һ㡣
ӺĵȻȶٴοڵ
壬ʲôȻʡ
ÿ˵Ƕһ޶ģƽաĬĬţĿСںߡң֮·֮᫡ͷḻҳһƵĶѡ
һͷˣҲδԼǣڹڣǵ⣬վ̨ϣһֱǣĿġĺδĳɾͣǳ޷ġ
һָ㣬һڽ̵ıǣƽٲͳɾΪѩ㣬ǰȻʧɫâ޴档
ϵ֮УҲԺᲢ۵ġ
һ£ǿԼȥĲϵģ߼ˣˤӡ
ֻҪ飬õԼʵԼͿˣʣµĽ˺Ե֡
ĵĻ£Ȼһ˼
ǽĿͶ鷿ſڡ
һ̣ؿſӰӡ
ǳ¾Ӱӡ
ΪȻȥĿصſڣ޷ȻȥǵһȥŰ
ǽղǷһֲ˽ȥ
ƹ¡
Ǳĳңһ˼
Ϊ
ǸĿеҲǵеǡ




1341 
骽ûһ°󣬻ϼҾӷɳϣֻƽĴطϢ
Ϊĸⷼˡ
С骣ǲǺܾöûкúóԷˣ
ǰⷼŮֻڣûٶӣЩ۵˵
裬Ҳ
˵Դط类ϳ֮󣬼ûôԹˣһʼԵˮɴˮˣθС˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
⼸˺ö࣬϶ûˣȥôУⷼͷؿݵӣ̾˿
һΣѡ˳Ĭ
֪Ϊط顣
ⷼ״ٴοڵҲ̸̸ط顣
裬㲻˵ˣǲ뿪طģ
̬ȼؿڣͼⷼĻȫ˻ȥ
С磬ûб뿪ط˼ҲǣүүǶصĳŵⷼҡҡͷ
طȥҡּ˵ּҴַȣּҸϳλžϻүϿɡ
Ǹʱ˶ڴܹȡѩ㣬ΪطýȢӣӶؼҸһ̨ס
Ȼ
ؼ̫үȥطؼҾѣʧƣ˶ط̬Ҳ֮ı䣬طһԽԽ࣬үӽ
ֻǰط磬ΪӪ骣ǰձɽںõɱУɹӪȳ骣Ѫϴձ磬⵽ձȫΧˣպ뿪һδ˵ձ˳ϣ
һսҲٴθı˵Ŀүڣ˲ٷطһҲٱ뿪ط硣
Ҳⷼеĳŵ
ǰ骻û뵽ĸ׻ô˵Щؿⷼһۡ
Ҹղ˵ֻǺ̸̸
ⷼٴ̾˿骣֪ط㣬޷㡣ҲãԸðΣվ㡣⣬ǰʱعû㣬ǲ룬Ϊʱߺܶ˱أҲ⣬鷳
뿪֮Ҵ绰ˡ
骿ˣϺһĨҸ˫Ҳһ˲Щ
ĻҲӵӡ֤ⷼĲ²⡣

ŮĻҸģⷼٴ̾Ȼ骣ȻطϢղȫ棬֪Ѿ뿪ļˣھ裬ʱΣգ𣿡
š
ͷϵҸתۼţȡ֮ĵǣü
骣ܹػصôⷼͻȻʵ
Ϊʲôܣ
ʶʵ
һҸղ˵ˣھ裬ܷһδ֪ڶһҺؼҶػġⷼ
ٴγĬͬʱս˫ȭȥⷼ˵ĵڶߡ
骣һ£ĵȴ𣿡
ⷼԥһ£˵仰ͬʱЩŵؿ骣Ů
裡
ȻǱȵβ͵èƵģ˲ըëˣطھ⣬ҴТȥУطܻعҵȫ֮ȥҼţһᣡ
ৣ
ⷼɫʱͱˡ
Ϊ骵̬ȱĻҪ骴ТȥطУչ񣬵ǵط檣һТǲٸļ޵ģ
ðɣԸȣ͵ȣҲȰ㡣
Ϊ骱ֵʵ̫ˣΪ֪ⷼԼ޷Ȱ骣˶ΣҲΪԼݲгӰɣ
ۿĸû뿪طĻ⣬骵ıתһûлӦⷼ
仰˵ãطϣ𣿡
ⷼʣȻ󲻵骻ӦԴԲϣ겻ᣬͬʬһţϣһаãߣ㽫Ҫȥ漣ؿԻعԼáȥڵӣ
㿴ѩ㣬ôģΪطԼôûУŬһУͬʱܼظطȴط
ţ
ٴĸ׵Ļǰͫ΢΢ŴǰȻһ
һĻⷼû˵ʲô֪ԼŮԼ˼ҲӦĸı䣡
ⷼеѩ㣬˿ط縸ĸļС
ͬⷼһطĸҲ³ˣĲһ
ѩ㣬ȥСʦǺȾȥˣǳ԰ɡ
绰󣬶ѩЦЦ
طϴ뿪֮󣬵һ¶Цݡ
õģ̡
ѩɵص˵ͷȻ򿪺ƣᵹһ
ÿӸѩвˣõĲԼĿӣһ˫ꡣ
Դѩһ̤ⶰ㽫¥ɵϰߣҲ֤һ㽫ѩ㵱ԼĶϱ۵ġ
̣ɫȥ̫ãǲһֱڵط飿
ѩǽеĲȫˣſʵ
ѩ㰡˵ܲ𣿡
̾˿ֹǵô򵥣
Դط类ϳ֮û˯ùһ죬طڶα뿪ϴü죬ÿշת˯
طȥѧϰؼ̫үѧϰغ壬ӹͿˡ
̣֪طھһ𣿡ѩٴʵ
֪һǰ㣬ҵģ඼ǽʵص
̣ûȤ֪һУ
ѩͻȻˣҲľ
ѩ㣬֪Щ𾪡
ţ̣Ҹ㽲ط뿪֮ɡ
ѩͷȻһ˵ǣط뿪֮ȡһУϸڶᡣ
Щǹȥˣطû£ĹУȻƲסԼᡣ
ѩһֱֵúƽ
ģط磬Ϊ֪ǿǣ
̣ҸһУϣܷеĵǡ
ѩֽǰϵˮȻס֣ϣһһҪһط磬۾ôӣƶôΣգͬҸղһսʤѣҫΪǵĽ
ô
ѩϿΡ
ǷΣһŮ˶һˣִŵİ
ǷΣȻϢظȾɢĵĵǺʹ࣡




1342 гرб
ҹɫīλɽǶ¥ٴɡպҶڲȾơ
ͬһϰڵĶˡʳûȲˣ°ͷܼʮƿѾֻʣ°˾ƿˡڶ̶̰СʱʱԺһƿ
˭֪Сḷ̌
һƿ¶֮΢΢Щ죬ȼһ֧̣³һŨܵʵ
֮ǰѾ֪ط簲ȻϢھ̲֪顣
˵ɡ
̣һ֧ȼһڣǻ֯ԹǾ鱨ϵͳСֱϵ
ɵĻҶһʱ佫ĿͶա
Ƕ֪˵ʵ
һ棬֯ڻİλΪԺգػȨ޺ܴ漰ҰȫϣԵκβŵ鱨ϣΪصֲӵ鱨ϡ
һ棬ջȫѧְطҲȫѧ˵һԱطϵգȫԽ͵ģΥع涨
ġ
ЦЦȻľϸڸɡҶˡ
Сûͻƻ۷壿
յĽ֮һֱĬҶˣʳȫ硢ѧ͸鱨ʡ
ʹ˵ûС
ҡҡͷ˵Ȼɱ˸ʱŵǸޣȻҪɱɵµʱ򣬴̿˵ͻȻ֣һȻ󽫶Էɱ
ҶԣٴγĬͬʱüͷ
ȻûпḶ́ͨյΪͬʱѧ֮ӵ̿Ǹϵɱֳֵʱƾѡ
Ҳʶ̿ϵɱ֯Էǳ£
̿ʲôڰô
̲סʵڴ̿˲֪飬ͨҶյı飬ЩԾ
̿ϡصɱ֯Ҳ֪֮һ
ٴοڣΪ˴̿˵
⣡
ɵĻͷһǷΪط绯ΪĴϲã˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮ĵǡ
ǵĲҶɺҲһɸ̾˿Сͻ˻۷壬һҲ˵ĴǺܲ
Ҳñۡ
ҡҡͷͬĹ۵㣬Ŀǰϣߵ֮⣬Ӧֻ֪ɱޡ˵ʵҲֻ֪ʵʵ
š֪ͻƻ۷壬ȫϵߣҲ֪һ㡣仰˵ڲСʵʵ֮ǰӦòʱ䣬Խı󡣡
Ҷͷо˸üĿ֮ڴϣܹʱͻƻ۷壡
ҶĻ£աɺ˵ϣͬڴ

ͬʱ
·˹̫ӭµһ졣
ĵϣӲӵһƬĺͬɵһ㣬ʤա
£ٴүүϯߵı
Ϊʱ̫ˣûüױգһɫĽȹ͹͹µģһ˫ɫСѥն˼ԸУ˼Į
һĴﲻͬϯߵıûºͱڣĴŽſڹһӣд˽أδϽ롣
ŵͫվڴǰ֤ܿͨ
֣
һ죬Ŵ򿪣߽˱Ժ
ϯûһ鷿￴飬Ǵһ԰ˮͰԺｽ
ȣԵһ£ҰЩ㡣
ϯ̧ͷ΢΢һЦЦʮִ顣
үүҰ
ȺЦЦȻϯߺܿ콫԰ʣЩȫˮ
һУ˻صϯߵ鷿
ȣңѯҹڻطʲô
ϯߺ˿ڲˮȿʵʮֱӡ
Ȼ
ֱӣȲδеȣûиеһ˿ΣЦЦүүΪطͻս۷𣿡
ûС
ϯҡҡͷΪ϶
Ŷ
ȸеһ˿죬˵Ϊ˼˺ܾã޷жϣΪʲô˿϶ѵ֪ͨϢ
ͨϴƬȷġϯҡҡͷ
ƬЩȡ
ǵġƬУ޺˵ʬ֮⣬һ֯ɵ±ʬ塣
ϯһǵϸоطϣӦ֪طȻǿƣгرб
үү˼ǣɵ²ߣط缴ɱҲ塣Ҳ˵ɵºпǻطޡϲɱеܣ
һ͸ɿ˵طͻƻ۷Ļȫɱ޺ˣ
š
ϯ΢΢һЦصͷ
Ȼطûͻƻ۷壬ȻΣգºڰʹ̿ʱ֣ȵ֪ʵʵ֮󣬾Իһʱ֣
ۿϯߵͷжϡ
һΣϯ߳Ĭ·ĬȵĻ
үүǰƶϣطںڰʹ̿˵Χ»뵽ϯ˵طΪʱǵۣٴ˵
ȣеħˡ
ϯԣɬһЦݳʱһζȥ²ľ飬ǻʧȥܶȤ
⣡
ͷһʶʲô
ȣװĺӣҪִƶϺͲ²ˣݳɡ
ϯ΢΢һЦһڴԤϣܶܶ˶ڴݳͺڰᡢ̿˶ԣһ飡
үүҺڴء
Цգգۡ
С󣬵һζһ˲ŨȤ




1343 Ĳ
ҹŨܵס·һɫĴ˿УһƬڡ
ҹ£ڰᵱܻ֮һĹųǱΨмĴŵƹ⣬һƬţɭ˷}
÷ͬһǸôϣΪڰϵİ²˺ͺڰ֮վ·
÷ˡ²˳ϣҽ̸ΪҾûطǸֵĳɳٶʵ̫ˡͬʱɱ޺ʹ̿˵ϣпͻս۷壬ô죿
Ĵ˶ı鿴ȥܽ
ô
ǵģ
Դطع֮󣬾͵طعѾ׹ͺڰĲƲ
ڻȡطϵعŬϰʵɨЩǿˣΪһһˣ
֮⣬ڰӵлҩعƣһ¹˹أҡźƱؿһǿߣճɾΰҵ
²˳ϣǸӼ棬ô
÷üͷĿͶ²ˣʵ
ƺ²Ϊϣأǲ
²û˳
Ǹ÷ˡ˶ΪҵǸһߣʧܡ
²˶ԴҸеʮǸȻŻش÷⣬ΪǸĳӦͻս۷壡
Ϊʲô
÷˶ͬʵ
һɱ˻ָ۷ս޺ʹ̿˵ǿˡ˵ʵֵĻ۷ǿҲδؿմˡϾǸ̿˵ǿóɱǲͬĸ
²͵ڶҲҪһ㣬Ǽ鷢֮Ǹһֱ¸绪˽֡޿ֵı֣ûͻս۷壬ôſ𣿡
²ⷬ÷˶ͬʱĬˡ
һ棬²һҲطͻ˻۷塣
һ棬ǺϿɰ²˵ĵڶ㡪ط޿֣ǶԼʵžĵı֣
ô죿
ݵĳĬ˶ٴʳ⣬˵øϸͻս۷壬羳֮սҲ²˴˶δĶ֣Ψ÷˻Ҹ׳֡
⣬ɱǸǴ̿˳µĵһ񣬴̿˵ǿˣ̿˿϶ᰴϰ߼ɳǿɱȥɱ
һǲжĻֻһڴ̿˵СڶӵпȾǿߵս
£˶ĿͶ÷壬ϣ÷ܹԳ֡
Ҳ֣ܶǺڰ᲻֣ܵٲܹس֡
÷˶˼Ҳ˶ڴҡҡͷΪıվֻĺȫѧˡͬʱֻ֣ĺȫѧ˶޷ʲôǵֻ֣Ķǳ֡ûг֮ǰǶԣһΣյ飡
÷ⷬ˶һ˵ʲôſֲ֪η
Ǹͻս۷֮ҶĶ֣ôܹ̿ɱҲ̫ࡣ
²ٴοڣѾֻ̤˾ǿߵС㲻÷ľǿߣҲɴӾǿߵߣ
š
÷ͷϿ˰²˵ĻȻ˵Լļ⣬Ϊֱ̿ɳּǿߵĿԲ󣬱ϾɳһǿȥɱһˣⲢ桪ǵڶж벻ɳǿߡ
һĻǸĳӦòԣʱҪط֣ô̿ȳ֣ô̿̽Ǹĳӵʵ
÷˵Լľڴ˹УǼȴأͬʱûҩӢǵ֮պԵ
á
²˺˶ȺͷӦ
У˶Ȼ޲̽طץõطϵعҲ÷˵úеҲܺ
֣ǧҪڴ̿˵а
Ļʵͬʱ˶Ȼս˫ȭš
ͬʱ
˹̹̿˵ܻء
ɭ˹ųǱһƾɵĴ
վһˣһɫĳۣӴñӣñסһͷ
ŴĴŶ˷·ȫ˺ҹ֮УԿԸܵǹɿֲɱ⡣
ɱ絶˲
˲ǱˣǴ̿˵졪Ĭˣ
졣
ɭ֮󣬵һʱĬ̬ʮֹþηݡ
ɭʧܵԭʲô
ĬתĿ絶һ㶢Žɭͳʵ
죬Ϊԭ򡣡
Ĭ˶ţ°ֻ̤ǿĽɭеЩëؿԼ侲طһǵ͹Ǹطʵڶϵĺʤ̫ǿûϸɱַ򡣡
ΪǸط粢˵ͻս۷壿Ĭüͷһٴʵ
ǵģ죬Ϊڷһʧ֮ûѡһʱߣӶɥɭ˵ԼĿ
ȻˣɼʵȥɵǸط硣
ɭĻĬ˳ĬΣŻڣӹɣһΣֻɹʧܣ
ǣ죡
ɭȻֱط̣


1344 ͻج
ҹʮһʱ˽ֵƻ貣ַ֯Ƿ
֮෴ǣλ˽ڴԺӣ
º˰طָʾ뿪ԺӣִطȥȫѼѧӣҲΪ˷ֹж
ԺΨطһˡ
ϥڷһϣ˫۽գɮ붨һʵϾظӦԺӵһС
һУֻΪţ̿˾Իϱɱĳ裬Ҳɱ񣬴Ӷҵ̿˵Ľơʰٷ֮٣
෴ţ̿˻֣
ж֮û뿪׻Ƶܲ
һ棬ڳճǼƣʱԻ֡
ΪҪǣѳԽ˻ڵļ£˶ζ޷ͻƻ۷壬Ϊȱһǿĵɱпܴ̼ͻơ
ţԼͻƻ۷壬µǿˣҲȻ壡
ˡ
ҹֻ𶯵ͻȻ𣬴˷İ
ৣ
طۣԵֻݿ磬½ͨ
װģʲôʱҴ绰أ
绰ͨݿȿڣдżԹ
طɱɵ¡޺ϣʱŵѾȥˣݿһֱڵطĵ绰˵طһֱûд绰ջ̲סط硣
ݿЩࡣطص
Ϊ飬ӦøҴ绰ѵ㲻֪һֱڵ𣿡ݿԵøԹ
ݿ֪飿طһʶʲô
װģĿķÿһ¼ȫ޴ĺ䶯ҿ֪ܲ𣿻˵ʲô飬Ҳ֪أݿʡ
Ǹݿ
ط̾˿ݿʾǸ⣬ܸܵݿԹܸܵݿĵĺһƬ⡣
װģǸͲˣԺش֮󣬼ǵøһһᵣģҲġݿί˵
õģݿ
ݿֵطܸɴشӦ
װģҵĳŵŶ˵ѣԣɲƭء
طĻݿϵԹ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮һȸԾȻˣװģҸ׵ˣܸϹ𣿡
İɣݿһ׼ʱ㸸׵ֳ
طȷĴ𸴣ӦݿҪȥμӲᣬҲθӦȥһˡ
ء
ط֮ͨݿֻŸղŵͨŴĳԣ̲ס̾һ䣬Ȼ´ʼ¡ϴ硣
׶صʱ¸绪˸Сʱ˿峿
Сʱݿʰϣ棬ŮѵȺʱ
Ĺ£¸ղ˵ȥҪһͬ͡ŮǹȻת
֪ˡ
ݿԣЩɻôͻȻԼûж룬ӦŮ뿪ԼסŲסȥ
Ӻݿסʱ򣬺Ѿڲˡ
ݿװĺӣ͸ոպãòͰɡݿ֡
õģס
ݿͷŵ˹ȥ˲Ķ棬ʵףôͻȻһͣ
ݿ̸һ飬ǳ˵ɡ
΢΢һЦָָϵĵġΡţ̡ˮʳ
ĻӦݿеɻŨûʲôŵ͡
ʮӺ󣬲ݿֹͣòͣ˲ͣΪѣƺҪ˵ѿڡ
ףҵĸо֡ȥҪ̸Ҫ
ݿز˲쳣ֲõԤС
ǵģݿҵĺӣһǳҪҪ㡣ͷЩࡣ
ʲôݿʡ
ˡڣ˼֡
ţ
ȻĻݿͫ˲Ŵ
һУֻΪ֪壡
ӢϵĹ壬ҲǴΪԶļ壬ǰӢҶ˲٣ӢĵλûбӰıӢĸ֣
ףȻʱˣǶԲһ¡
ݵľȹݿüͷ̾˿ȻʶʲôΪʲôҪظأ
ΪҪȡԻطһа
ɫѿңҪ޸ЪĿ
ʲʲô
ݿֱӾվ
ͻϢԣͬجģ


1345 Ų
ȹݿϳŷŭӶܿƵز
ΪһҪ󣬼ӢңҲλӢҵĹ
ĻҪ
ףʲô˼
ŭݿصһʵ
ڻط飬
һΪطעãӢҸ֧֣޷ȡرֵá
ڶ͢Ҳֻ֧ط磬Ӧ֪һֱʹ޽͢
Щͳǽ˿ΪʲôӢ֧ط磬Ȼ޸Ъ飬ΪЪ
Ƕȡ뿭ĻԼܲص顣Ӧ֪ЪԹǿĸӹ壡
ף˼ҪտҪȥ
ݿٴοʵЩüĿ֮ŵǡ
Ϊ֪ӢȻǾƣԹǾԼȨ෴ɸͽ͢Ȩ
Թһ壬ӴĽ͢ϳӢӶ
ҲǿܾӢ֧طĵڶɡ
ݿӦѾ˴𰸡
̾˿ӵظ˴𰸡
⣡
ͬ˵ݿȻѾ˴𰸣Ļͷһ˲䱻˻һ㣬ֱ̱ϡ
ԲݿȻӦҪ󣬵ҲӦһЪڵļ壬Ǵ׶ϳȥ
һǸؿݿ֮гΡ
ûлӦݿ̱ϣر۾ˮܿƵӿۿžӣȻ䡣
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ǲݿŮˣǿǸ֮˲ȷط硪ǶطݿطοԼԶǣ
·Ϊӡ֤˵жƵģ˵עУطӰ˹̨·

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1353 ޾һս
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1359 ʤڴһ
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1360 ĶӣµĴ˵
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һȭط羢ںϣս⡢ɱ⣬γ˿µȭ⡣
һȭط߶غںȭ͹̩ȭؾ洫ȭףǿɱУǿһ
û֮һ
Σգ
ط˿µһȭΪ۷ǿߵ¬⣬еһ˿ΣգξѣѸٴӵһνִлع

ܸеһ˿Σգ¬۷ǿϵʹ£ûжܣֱӻȭӭ
ٴζð¹˹ġȭʧɱط磬ûжѡסޱĴɱС
֮⣬ȻѪھѾȶִٳȭӭ֮ǰˣʵЩӰ졣
һһȭǿս߳ɶ
һǿһһֻв߳ɵսΣ
䡪
һ̡
Ӱ˶ȭͷƶɽһ㣬ҵײһƺƵ
ײ˲䣬طȭ֮ϵھкȻʧµھͬɽһһγһɿµĺ͸ȭףŴݿ֮ƺȻ
ɲǼ䣬طھ¬һȭӿھײһһɱһȭ磬ɨķ
ȭֿ¬ȭ֮ͬǰȭһһƬѪģ·𴥵һ㣬ѡ
֮⣬ܳЩѪɽھң·ֵҰһ㣬Ĵײ
ž
ž
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ȭֿ֮¬ӲܿƵصˣÿһýµשըһӡ
һΣ岽
һߣطֻһ
˹˵һʱȶѪھ׼ٴγ֡
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˵¬һδ⣬طˣôһΣ¬潻·ģ
𾪼ֱ޷ݣ߸ѧ֪
ΪһԱҲû˵˿ڻڵľ磬羳ѹƻ۷е۷ǿߣ
⡭߸ѧ֪
ѵطҪµĴ˵𣿡
ϵƣ𾪵ĻͿ¡ȿˣоӿֳһͷȫͬ
УüĿ֮֮⣬еǡ
ΪЪѾطһҲϣطµĴ˵ϣطȥϱǿ
һлʵǶЪԣԲǺ£
ǡ෴ݿ˿̾ЩüĿ֮Žڴ
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ΪԼ״ָƣ֪Ѫȡھң޷ӳӦеʵǿгֵĻ˾ھʧء
۳һ֣ԣѣ
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һˣ¬һǧɡ
˳һߣطֱӴﵽǰδе۷塣
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ΪǸеȥط֮սĴ̼£пͻƻ۷塣
Ϊڵط磬¬еͷ۲ѣһСͻˣ¬ýŵװҲ뵽ᱻ򱬣Ȼӡ֤طǰ˵Ļʬͻƣ
طͻƣ
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طҲԼ״̬仯ͬʱ¬񱼣ûм׷ȥ
Ϊû˿İܹɹͻƻ۷塣
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201931ա
Ϊڵط磬Ӣ׶ǿƻɱʵڶǿߺ۷ǿ֮ɱ֣ӵ۷ǿսΪڰϵ¬⣬δеĴ˵




1361 Ǿԣٴ
¬񱼳ȥԶ֮󣬲ûطϢ˿ȻѸסѪھ
һУһ۵ƻ貵Ĺշԭ·ء
Ȼ֪Լһ֮׼ȷ˵ߣºƱػΪȫѧЦҲڰ裬ľ
ΪѾû˻׽طģطĶûˡط׷ʱҪͻƵףһͻƣɣ
÷֮ǰ´ʱȷʾ¬Ƿط֡
һȥ÷ͺڰĺĳԱҲ˵ʲô
·ڴطĿ¬⳹ԶȥԺлŸղ׷¬ʱԼ仯ͼѰͻƻ۷ȫҲʱĸо
һֻȻɵĸо
ΪˣطֻܷȻͷҸ徲ĵطϸһսȥеĸоѰͻƵ
֮ط˷ȻԼһĿ½ĿͶ˹ſڡ
һ̣˱ǳʺһı飬Ҳһžȵӣ˲ݿ顣
Ƿݼݿ˫۷죬ۿʪ
ԣطҪʱȻжطھΡһӣעһӻӰ֮УпܻطĲǰȥط确
塢Ъ壬Ǽסݿҵѡǵ鷳ڰ̳˵Ļ
ܿ죬ط罫ĿݿŲˣٴοڣͬӴ쳹ʣþòɢ
طĻطǹ°Ӱڳ˶뵽ǾȫĻߣһ壡
ͬʱҲ뵽ƿֵĸʱŵ壬Ұӡ֤仰ʵԡ
һԣһ侯棡
˿̣طӢһҵЪϵĿ壡
Ǻεȵ
¡ȿ޴ӵ֪
˱ѿ֮ͬǰһͼеúܽƨҷһ
ݿж
ΪûжסӢҵѹȡ˶ط֧֣ĳ˵طֹ
жΪطǵûмƽһУǼʱ֣ðΣհǴ鷳Σ֮þЪͿķʽǺӢһ
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨
һ̣ᵽ仪ĹŻԢ⡣
󣬵˴лعʱطӰѾ·ʧ
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Ȼط粻֪³ΪûĻ³ϣʱȻ³ϺͲݿΪѡ
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³ϵ̨ףվڹſڣȿʺãηֵú
³ϴʦ֪ΪӢػߵ㣬ΪڽһûңѾܳʱˣΪʲôڲŵ
³ϵĻ£ʵ
³ûȳƺеã³٣Ϊ
Ͼ֮ǰΣ³ڳĻһ֡ط޷뿪׶
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³ԣ䲻ȵػӦ飬ڴ֮ǰʾõ
ǵģʦ֮ǰҲ˵һ㡣ͷ
ѡѵղûﴫ𣿡
³ϺͲĻñܲˬֻѯ档
ˣҲӻ֪һС
³ǻش˱ѯʣȻ󲻵ȱٴοڣǰ͵ʱң˹ؼʱ̣ͣ߻ħķգڲ
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£ͣһֱ뿪ˡ
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һ£ͽ֮⣬塣
һĻ˵ͬ뿪
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űȥıӰ¡̲סаԼ
ûд𰸡
Ƕжϲô
ţĶԲݿŮʲôǸ֮ǰɱĻ꣬һ뾡ְ취ÿЪִӢ




1362 Ƿ
ҹĻ׶صʱ¸绪Ÿյ磬еʱ8Сʱ
¸绪һޣºٴγ
ѾΪǵܸݵ֮һÿطȥжʱǶϢʧֱطϵ
С㣬ӢҵݿŮ𣿡
С¥ԺͻȻʵ
ԣĿʯϱʼǱĻŲûп
Ǹ̫ͻˡ
µĿ⣬Ϊ³ԴˣǸȻ˵ҾɻӢѾֹˣҪðΣȥݿ
㻹¿ˣδش⡣
ʲô˼һ⡣
Ҳ֪ݿǷŮˣݿӢθݿǰȣ߾ȫظ
̾˿£ݿŮҲãҲգҪҪǵɽ𺣣ȥݿģ
һΣĬ
֪ͼ壬൨ģڽƷʡⱻܶ˵㣬ӶԸ˵˸Ҫһ֡
˵ͣһ£ֺγΪ˸ѡ׷أ
ܽˡ
ȻǻӦ̾¶ط˽֮ͬʱδµϿĽʵ
²˵ٴνĿͶĻˢһҳ档

һ̣˲ŴƯĵӿֳһĨ󳤳˿
Ϣˣ״һæʵ
Լɡ
ͷȻλøСԺ⡣
ѸڵǰȻȻһöӡ
ط׶ڲϣűЪ棬ЪȻ̿ɱֽɱȫɱڰ¬ⲫɱ¬ⲻСߣ
ע1̿ɱֵʵڶǿ۷ǿ֮䡣
ע2¬ӵ۷ǿߵʵ
֯

ӵݣסˡ
˵ط統űЪ·ط磬еĻôݣ𺳣
ѳɹͻƻڵǿߡ۷ǿζʲô
Щˣһָͷܴ
طӵгԽǿߵĴ̿ɱֵĽɱͳͳ򱬣ȫպյ¬⣡
ѵͻ˻۷壿
𺳹ðһͷȻѸٽͼѰҴ𰸡
ϵ۰ܹܻطǸһɣ
ɱ̿˵ɱ֣¬⣬ֱţ
ӣطѾɹͻս۷壬ʵսԽ۷ǿߣ
Ϊطûͻս۷塣Ͼս񾳺ڣͿɻɱǿˣͻƣ¬ߣ
¥ϵģطûͻս۷壬ôһУװǴô

꣬һԣĶǾۣطǷͻ˻۷塣
֮⣬רſһӣǣΪطǷͻս۷壿˵ɡ
ӵܿ㳬˫òֺһ뽫ԼĹ۵ԷԴöԷܡ
һУð̳һΪط𱬡
ͬʱطΪҲͨȫ硢ѧ͸ͬ޴𶯡
ΪһսطҪ
طǷͻƻ۷壬ͨһս֤һ㡪Ǿǿ֣߳ϣûܹɱط磡
طһս𶯺ͬʱкܶܶٴιעһ̸⡣
˭ܸңط絽ܹڴŶ

͵طΪٴξ𶯣ͬʱٳ磬ǰƻٰˡ
Ϊطһкͱ˵ǰȥٳķΧһҲϲ죬Ϊ죬ѹݡ
УһЩЪ彻еĿˣٳ翪ʼһСʱ뿪ˡ
˼״Ҳı鲨½뿪ˡ
ȵʮӵʱټĹֻвݿ³ˡ
ݿҴˡ
Ĺ˲˲پƣЩͨ죬û˿⣬վȡ
ףѹΣط粻ģͲˣ飬Ǿ仰
ݿԣΪ˵ڿѹȡطֵ֧飬˵
ݿ˵Ĳ£
ҡҡͷȻһһ˵ǣҵһΪЪԷطһ飡

ݿһ
ΪͲ¶Լطȫѧս
գݿӮˣ
ӣһ
̾˿ȻοؿݿȻҲⱲȷһط磬ϵ͸õ
õô
ݿԣгҸ΢΢һЦףҵսҲе




1363 ԶԶ
ҹٸһƬȥֻмطŵƹ⣬һ͢ȻϢںڰнѲߡ
ҹĻУΪʥŮİ˽̻˹ס
һɫӣͷɴǰһɫĵϵױδжȥȥ߹
ʱ磬˹ڵСûŵƹ⣬ûȥɪЪȥʾ˹ֱСõſڣ˽õĴš
ɡ
̻˹ڽšʥͷҲδֱ̧˽š
ΪӦ˰ϢôˣܹʾСõģ˰֮⣬ûˡ
Ǹ̻ʱ£ô
Ŷ룬̻˹ȻǸ⡣
ôңΪ˵׶ɣ
̻˹еġʥ̧ͷϴЦ⡣
ǵģ̻ʱ¡
δһ㣬˵ͷȻߵ˹ԣ̾˿û뵽ȻΪݿðž޴ķ׶׵壬Ҳ㱻̿˺ͺڰ˸ɵˣ
ǳԴ𣿡̻˹Цգգ۾
̻ʱ£ѵӦóԴ𣿡
Щƣ룬ң𣿡
ᡣΪһ֪ͼˡ仰˵ȥ׶ݿʲô˹ϵֻΪ˱Ӣİ͢Ҳһֱ֧
̻˹һǵ˵ûи߰ͽ͢һֱ֧طҪԭ֮һ
̻ʱ£𣿡ЩԾ
㻹ǲ˽̻ʱ̾˿ӵظ𰸡
ҲǰɡҲ̾˿
ֻܵĴɣ
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̻ʱ£Ϊݿ˵Ϊ˱Ӣң׵˿壬Ӣڿѹ޷ṩˡ
һ˵ڵĴܲãþԵݶΪһ£ǲӦ׳֦£͢أ
Ĵʲôʱùأ
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Ϊʲôʶʡ
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뵽仰ط˵仰ʱǼᶨıն
ǷݼᶨˣҲı䣡
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ᡣ
̻˹ܿ϶Ĵ𰸡
Ϊʲôʡ
ѧ츳ʵٶȾˣȱǻۺıԣ˼̻˹˵Լطɡ
һγĬˡ
뵽ɪǸЪ壬ȴ˳͢ұãΪ͢ʿͽ̻ʻӶӳˡ
Ǹ˶һ飬Ҳ̻˹ųǿѧ츳
Դȫѧһսɪ㱻طԶԶ󣬱˴֮ĲԽԽ
һӺ󣬰뿪˽ãԼס
·ɪסʱسɪķ俴һۣȻǰһӰ
ܸŴ޷崰ˣ֪ԷɪҸеһĪĺ⡣
ӿŲȥ
ͬʱ棬ɪһ˪ӿŨҵĺɱ⣡
ȻûԼĸЪϵѾ֪׶һУжطĳޣѾﵽ˼£޲ýطң

Ъ뿪׶֮󣬲δصԼļ壬Ǹű˿ء
λ׶ظһСǵĹϳǱ
ʮһʱűųǱһ˿ĺĳԱɭ
硣
İɭ
˵һʱʺãƺͬ鶼һĵ
Ϊؿɭһı飬ףɭѾ֪׶һС
ҵĺõܵܣ峤
Ȼɭڱ㿪ģʽ˶ԱΪ
磬Ǹط̫ˣѵʵ̫ǿˣ
ɫЩѿԶԸط磬ûͷػô
վһԣнͣҿ
飬˵ΪЪġ
ȻЪǿľˣ֪ɭ᲻ὫŭйЪϡ
ҿԽǸСӵɱ޷ܣڴ̿˵ɱֳ֮󣬵˵Щɭüͷͳ
һΣѡ˳Ĭ
ʱ̿˵ɱֳ֮ڱʾǴ̿˵ɱֽطɱл
ҵĵܵܣҪԸǸСӣҪ˵𣿡
ɭٴοڣֱѵⱴ˵Щÿߣ
Ǹ磬ҺͿˡ
ɭŭ⣬ҲʶԼ⣬ѡϴ
ɭüͷһԲ
磬ǸС̫ˣв壬ΪǱɵ֪岻ܹвģŭ޷ܣۿɭ˵˵Լ뷨
ΪʲôҪڰʹ̿ȥɱأɭʡ

ɴ۾һ⡣
Ҫ֪ڸղţɭ˵ǶԸط磬ȫҪæֻ
Ƕԣڰʹ̿˸ϣǸС뻪СѾ˲ݵĵزûбҪȥɱСӵĻᡣ
ɭ˵ͣһ£ȻһЪοһǳ֣޷һ½ɱĻ·񣬶ѪȱʱЪпĻʧ
⣡
Ъͷһûп
뵽˱ֵġʱŵ壡
ҲûпڣŰɭһɣи̲סԼ¶ҪɵǸСӣܹ



1364 Ļ
ɫŹϵĳǱϿգ紵ųǱǽڣ·Ԥʾһ꼴١
ҹĻ£һɫӰٵ˳Ǳ⣬ɫӵؿ˹ųǱһۣȻһԾֱϳǱΧǽľȻϢؽ˹ųǱٳųǱȥ
ܿģɫӰſڣظܵ˴Ϣ
Ϊڰʦ÷壬ôϣϰ²˺֮˶վ·һͬȴŴˡ¬⡣
ʧ֮¬һʱϵ÷壬÷㱨Ѹٸϻڰĸݵء
֨
󣬰ŻصϵĴűƿ¬ⴹͷɥ˽
ৡ
÷塢²˺˶һʱ佫ĿͶ¬⡣
¬˵Ŀ⣬ֻϻģ˶ӡ
Ǹû񡣡
Ƭ̺¬ͣ½Ųһ̧ͷ÷塢²˺˶ˣһǸ˵
ϸ˵һ½Ĺ̰ɡ²˵ɫЩѿ
ǰʱ䣬ǰץط磬ʧܣ¬Ҳʧˣںڰ᳤ϻԣһֳ衣
¬ʧܵϢ֮󣬺ڰĺڰ˽ѾԳϻῪʼˡ
ڰǺڰ˳ϻ֮⣬һ֧ͷĿʵڰ²ˡ
˶ǰȻɱط磬˺ڰ
ڰ죬¹˹һͬǱˣǰ¹˹εĸ
ǷΣ˰¹˹÷˶Σ

¬ԣһؽһУһһʮظ÷ˡ
¬ʦǸֻͻƵļѣûͻƣΪʲôҪ뿪أܹͻƣҲܹ߰
¬˶ЩƵ˵
ڰᣬû˱ϣɹ׽طˡ
ΨſԵõطعӶԼʵӵʸ񣬶ڣڹһڹųǱչأʲô
˶Ӧ֪ѧԽԽͻƣܶʱҪ˵Եһҵһֺѵ顣
¬ͳ˵ڻӦ˶Ҳ÷Ͱ²˽ͣҺܿ϶ʱطѾѰҵͻƵԻͨҽ֣Ҵѹɹͻơ
һɹͻƵĻǾͲܷŻˣǺڰѡ֣÷ڣ޷֤ԻȴԴڰĴ
뿪ʧȥͻͻƣҲҪһʱ䣬ǻл֣
¬ⷬͣ˶ȻȻƣҲ֪¬˵ʵû˵ʲô
÷ˣΪڼֽ̽һУѾûκˣӦһ½ô졣
²üͷٴοˣĳѾ׳ɳˣҼΪϵľǿ֮һǱҪͻ֮ǰ׽򽫻¬˵ǽΪǺڰѣ
²˵Ļ÷ûлػ
֪²˵ʵ
¹˹ڶΧҶҶУǺڰڹȥһʱطһУطԸ·񣬾ԲŹڰᡪطͻս۷֮գڰ֮ʱ
һԴ黪طǸŮ˵䣬һ㱨ɰ²˳Գֽط׽Ҫʱ̣ҿԳ֡
ݵĳĬ÷˾Ȼֲ֮ǰͻս۷Ļ֯ʱǱȴء
á
²ˡ¬˶ͬʱӦ
Ƕ֪÷ƴˡԸðűƻΪ׵ȫѧ˱ҲԸطɹͻƣԺڰ㣡
Ϊǰ߿ܻ˼ɣϳĵ˼ɣ
ϣ׽Ǹô
£˶̲סаԼ
һζҡġ

ͬʱŷһųǱ
Ϊ̿˺ĳԱźڰ֮̿ƵĽɭ˹ųǱһƾɵķٴμǸɫۣźɫñӡֻ֣¶һ˫۾ˡ
̿˵졪Ĭˡ
Բ죬û񡣡
ɭͷȥĬˣгǸ⣬޷εĿֻš
û
ǿֻţ
Ϊɳɱ֣ǵûɱط磬ط練ɱô̿ٴα衣
񣬴̿˰ٷ֮ĽƣѾʼɣһЩΪЦ
̿˹ɭϣӰ쵽֯չ涨Ҫ͵ش
ɭҺʧ
Ĭ˿ˣղųؾʧܵϢʮ⣬˿ɭͳΪʲôԳ֣

ɭ죬ûп
֮ûԳ֣ɳ£ΪԼȥԸط磬һݵ顣
ϾȫҲ֪ǿߣӵ۷ǿߵʵƾһ뻯İɱɱ۷ǿͬԷˮһ򵥣Ǿǿ߶żɵ
ǰжǶԵģݴصϢǸĳûͻƣ¬ⱻ̫Ρ
Ĭٴοˣһ˼ûĻСӦڲɱĹУͻƵļ¬еΣա
죬ҲΪ
ɭǸĬ˵ĻȻҧҧһһһΣԳ֣޷ɱ֯
á
Ĭͬ⡣
մ̿˵Ĺ涨֯ɱִ֣֮۳ɹ񣬶Ҫһʱϻ֯أ͵Ӵȫ׷ɱ
һ£ɭĻ˾״
ҪôطҪô




1365 ѧ
ɽߴɽϵ֮һλŷǴ½أ绪ĵĹȫԼ2500ǧףĶγɽϵҲϾ뺣Զɽϵȫɺɽϵ
ɽֳƶɽɽѩɽѩɴ˵
ʱ֣ģһԽҰٵʻɽ·ϣһ壬˳ɮɮˡ
Уɮ˴һɫɮϹһ̴飬ŨüۣԷһ·Σŵ·Եľɫʱᷢ̾
磬Զѩɽʱһмǲѩɽ˵Զˡ
ɮ˲ͬɮҲ˫۽գŹϵķ飬Ĭ𾭣һõɮͷһɫģдʦࡣ
ʵϣѧ򣬻ڷѧƵϴʦ֡
Ǳˣڵķʦ
ɮ״ӣҲǱδˡ䡣
Ƕ뿪ڣɽΪ˰ݷɽɡ
ϺУѣ˯ˣϵطˣ
ͻȻˣһԱĿĬ𾭵ķʦ
ৣ
ʦ͵ۣ͸ǹԴһƣֲõ˵淢ֻա
Ͼʧɮݣҵȷ쵽ɽˡ
˾ʦǰĲ·ͣһ£³
ֹʮӣɽ·һ·ϣһ·ڡһ۵С·Ź·
Բӥڲ·ڵȺʱңңؿʻĳ
ϣ
˾ʦӦһȻڲ·ͣ³
Բӥʦͽ˵һʱӭ
Բʦӥֵܣ
ȲŻɫıֱ˳ŲԲӥ˴к
ʦ
ԲӥʺãȻԲ´һ䣬Цŵ䣬书ͻƻڵס
ǣСҲǲ䣬ַͻƻڡ
ŹĴԴ˵һ룬ͻȻʲô۾ոȥӥֵܣͻƻˣ
ţǰչͻƵġ
ӥͷһƽ·Ⲣʲôֵý顣
ӷСбΪٶȹˣûȰЩƵ˵
ڶѣ˵ʲô
ӥ̾˿ΪɽɿԼʱϵԼʱ֪طĶ̬ط뿪ȺΪյһ
ֵܣûñˣطǸȣѹһˣ
ǻӦţȻ޷õطĵһϢҲһֱڹעط磬طĶ̬Ҳ
һΣӥûп·ĬĻ
ϧֵܲμѧᣬʧȥܶȤ˵϶սʦ̫Ǹ̫ţ
ٴ̾˿һź
ͷʦ˰ݷɽ֮⣬ҲԲӥһͬǰüμڶüٰĻѧᡣ
ѧᣬٰһΣȫ绪ѧʢᣬ˻ĵ֮⣬⻪Ҳμӡ
ȫصĻ߻һãѧ֡ٽѧķ١
ѧдҲǽһ
Ȼѧ췽ǻѧЭᣬ֯Ҳ룬Ż˵ط޷μӵĻŻͷ֮ͨطû֯Ѿأץ벻ץ
˵طսʦ̫Ϊʦ̫εط磬ǵط̩ɽһһսʦ̫ûжֶԼǿ뿪ط磬ںˡһٶü̶ֽüѧսԼ

񴨣ü
ʦ
ΪüɴӵĲϼ˶üųʦ̫ķ䣬
Ϊճʦָ̫ʾǰȥҴ˵Ѿߣںſˣ磬طȣһ书Ϊһˣڶüɵĵλһǧɡ
ʦ̫ǰ̩ɽս˲ϼҴ֮һֱòϼԼ߷̡
ͷź˰ɣ
ʦ̫ϥһϣϼʺãۣʵ
ѧȻɻѧЭ죬ѧЭֻ֯Ẉ̂סޡʳɶü
İɣʦźˡ
ϼͷüҲΧ˾Ӫüɽξ֮⣬ҵסޡʳͬСӹҼһס
ǾͺãδǶüа죬Ӵ棬ǧ򲻿Գʦ̫ףٴζ
ǣʦ
ϼȻ뵽ʲô̲סʵʦ˵һѧᣬϡصѧ֮һҲǰô
ৣ
ȻϼĻʦ̫ɫȻһ䣬ȻסԺҪǰң
ǣʦ
Ȼʦ̫ı仯ǳŭͺĻϼŵòڵأæӦ
£ʦ̫û˵ʲô˿ȻһתֻϧطǸûμӴᣬʦڴѧдиһĽѵ
١뿪
ʦ̫ЦһŭǸо·Ͳطü




1366 
зų𡢴ݡ꾩ȣ꣬ʡһؼС
зСŴḻиƾáųǷòŨˮǶءĴɫ4100ĽʷͽʷȺĳսʱڵκʱڵĺ󺺡ܣγ𳯵ȳڴ˶а˳Ŷ֮ƣϳкơ塢ӰԶġĻ
еԭߵ¡
仰ǶԿʡƾʷõڹ͡
Ϊȫ֮һΪϡصѧ֮һأλзⶫ԰
зΨһһûбյﱣλ԰֡
ҹĻ٣γޱȻԻ͡ΪһеĹųǣԶ˰ӭҹ
԰һլһɫ۵̫ʦϣһӵĲһԥ磬һߺҰ裬ȥΪңڡ
ʮ¼ûºۼͷںڣɫ˫Ŀ彡׳˿ûз
Ҽ
Ϊѧִʷ츳ߣųѧţʱԣѧȻھģƻ֮⣬Ψһϡѧļɱȡ
ס
Ƭ̺һɫӵ˹լ䴺ʺá
䴺Ķӡ¡
Ϊѧɣ
䴺صԥ磬˿ڲ裬Ȼ󽫲ŵһԵ̴ľϡ
ǵģס
µͷ˵˵СλѧʱͰƻִ𣿡
š
䴺΢΢ףСӣҲһǿˣѾʮˣδһֱǱ䡣
Сȥμѧᣬȥٴʵ
ʺȥüμѧ𣿡䴺ﷴʡ
֪ˣףԴСȥ
ԣڻѧصɫʺԺյĵλ䴺ΪҼȥμѧᣬ̫ۡ
֮⣬֪Լ׵ĳ£ȥüȻˣʱΡ
ҲҪȥȥ
䴺ҡҡͷµ顣
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ļ˲ȥǸƻʲôòμӵģ
СüѧһȤûС
үү³
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񱻻֯ͨӦòμӡ˵
ȻˣѧҶԣûκ壡СΪõ
Сѧ֮·ʵʶҲҪÿһ˵Ĵͳ㲻ӡ
üѵ⣬үүղת㣬ѧд裬ˣɱˣ
٣ټĻѧ磬ļҵģҲֻǻطܹǿȤ˵סһô
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С״ϥ£䡣
ܹ֮һճΪǿˣ츳֮⣬һ㡪ڷܣ
䴺γ˽ȻĶԱȣ֪˵Сӡ
Ϸӣ̫үɽѧȫǿ֮һ

ڶ峿ΪѧЭ᳤ʢλྩɽĻ֯ܲõյĽӴ
᳤ʦͨѧɣտżɽʡ
šʢͷȻʵأ
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չˣʢЩ⡣
ţ֮ǰһֱûбչأǷĲط硣طѾԱˣȥչˡĻ˵ȫӿδᷢײ׼˵
ǡѲ񾳲ɣʢЦһ
ˣ᳤ʦ˵ȻѧѧЭḺ֯һо߾ϡûлش𣬶תƻĵĻ
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ȥ
ɫƽ
㣿
ʢԣ⣬Ȼѵ֪Ҫ˲μӴ˴ѧᣬȷҪȥ
š
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ȻˣҾͲȰˡ
ʢ̾˿˵ʲôշˡ
ΪѧЭĻ᳤ѧ֪ġ
֪Ҽ䴺˽ӡ
꣬䴺յĸףһ顣
Ǹ˼ؾɵ䴺һյĸ׷˹ϵȻĸһ𲻵һ£㲻Ƕ
յĸ׷ԼˣգʱͨѧЭҵңͼ䴺ϣҵĴŶû룬㱻䴺еӺߡ
̣䴺ʼû¶档
һյĸѻûã뿪˼䡣
֮ǰյĸΪգԢΪңȴһտա
ĸһ죬ƻĳ֣յĸװᣬȻմߣΪͽܡ
ƻһϰ䣬δ飬ΪһԴ
ҲǻѧһЩ֪ʿΪƻĺռʦͽǸӵԭ
Ϊ֪һУʢãǰȥμѧᣬ棬ȻһΪε顣
ҲóѾղûȰ
ˣطСûпȥμѧ᣿
ۿղ˵ʢתƻʵ
ûϵˮûϴɾûμδᡣյıָƽӦ
ȥĻûܹѹҵСˡ
յĻʢٴ̾˿ѧᣬעΪسʢ䣡
һΣûлӦ
̧ͷ죬Դۡ




1368 Ժ⻪ѧЭ
طɱ̿ɱ֡¬ѾȥˣȫȻ۴¡
Ƿ׷֪طǷͻս񾳺ڣսΣڴܹŶ
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һУ֯ڣûһ֯𰸡
ѧἴĻطȥμô
׶¼ȶȲطɾĿͬʱڰ̳һӣ飬ȻѸٴ
һУһ컪ѧĹעҪߣ˻ѧ磬ȫѧ͵硢ͳͳ˸߶ȹע
һˣһѧĹעطִµĴ˵
Ȼ
طһв֪飬תվص¸绪ûȥ˽ֵĺԺ¸绪Ƕ档
ףٴεµĴ˵
º˼ط֮ͬʱףأЩϵļŨ
ΪߵԶط׶һУζʲô
ǺδеĴ˵񻰣
ûʲôףصģˣѰҸּ˵ôˣطһƽذڰ֣Ȼ󿪿ʵ
شʦҰϵѯʺܶ໯ʦûԸ׻ƵɫѿӦȻԥǷҪ˵Եɡ
û˿Һ׻ƵԻȥ
һֹģطԳһЦ
裬ԳƵϾԵУҵ˾ȫ
׻ƵЩȣͬС׼ףѹһϣʵЩǿȣҲǲֵһᡣ
ЩǿݣԸԽݳ֣ӶЦѻڡ
Ҳƻģȥչصԭ
ǿԴС
ѧ缫Ϊų顣
ʶǿߣײСǵ棬һǱȥơ
ǰɭûѡԳȥɱط磬Ϊһ㡣
׻Ƶ磬طʵ磬Щѧǿ߿˥ط磬Ҳ֮С
飬δעὫӻ࣡
æ˵ô֮طäĿΣط˵ԺΪȫһǿߣҲŲɡ
ȻûпطǳݶĿ⣬˵һС
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˵ͣһ£ʾЩֻͯǽ˳⣬ռ⻹ɣ
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ط׼䡢ӥͼ˸ѡЩѧӡ
䡢ӥԡһֱԼؾۣΪδӵԱһֱûͬ⡣
ƻ۷Ĵֽһɹͻƻ۷壬Աʱˡ
ʱţ¾ǿ֣߳Ҳη壬Աû⣡
õģ˽Щͯá
Ȼ뵽ʲôˣһҪ㱨⻪ѧЭĻ᳤޺ϵңһ档
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⻪ѧЭᣬɺ⻪ɵһ֯ܲҪԱԴڱǺŷ޼˾ۼأģС
Ϊ鳤ϡŵĺԣǺ⻪ѧЭ
طȻ뿪˻ģһֱû뺣⻪ѧЭ
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һ컪ѧɼٰ죬⻪ѧЭ췽ʱԲ֪ΪΣûвμӴᣬºѧЭѧд轻вҰܡǴ޺뺣⻪ѧЭᣬμѧᣬ⻪ѧЭƣ档
˵Լжϣط粻ǻѧһҲΪȫѧһš
طܹ뺣⻪ѧЭᣬ⻪ѧЭμӻѧĻƱػΪ⻪ѧЭĽطʵɨѧһ⣬һҲûжطĶˣ
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شʦ̫ǫˣʵﵽĳɾͣѧ罾ƺţ֮
޺ĵһ䣬ȻֵشʦʦӦø˵ĿġԸ뺣⻪ѧЭͲμӻѧ𣿡
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طĻشɴࡣ
λعһˣ䡢ӥ̸ѧӵ飬Ҳѧд轻ܷѰҵͻƻ۷
֮⣬üʦ̫սԼ
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ȻطĻش𣬴޺ֱվڲ·𿴵˺⻪ѧЭҫ
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˵
޺δӾϲлعֻҪطӦʮҪ󶼲֡
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ѧֳƱػ޴䶯
Կ϶ѧɲʲô֯Ȼ
һƱػӰ쵽Ḷ̌һ»ƻĺͻ֯ȥ鷳
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޺ܸɴشӦеļ֮ǰй֮޲
Ϊ
컪ѧ󣬺⻪ѧЭһطĳǿߣ




1369 ⣬
뻪ѧȣ⻪ѧ۴ӵ̣ǴӸ
ں⻪ѧ֮УΪ𣬷ֱǺźš
ǰ߼طһ֮Ǻ⻪ѧġ
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ط类ͨע޷μѧᣬѧһд裬⻪ѧЭȫʦˣ
׿طǹﲻ̸ʦѽ书ڣԿ뻪ĹЩѧһۣ
ҿʦһսۣ

ŵӺȵ˷֮׷׿ڷԴ˴λѧĿ̸۽ŵľšڣҲǿеĴʦ֡
˿̣ھֳڰλ
ŴͷۣӥǣϢΪ䡣
ΪСԵʣӲۣҪô䲼ЬҪôǺڳƤЬ
һдһ֡
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ڹŴѧ԰ͶҩҩΣ֣𹫷ߣ¿ʦġ٣ֻŰ͡ѻ֡ѧĴС
ڲѻ֡򵽼£Ű裬ʵսԶһͨڵʦǿ
ҲǼžӢӶƳ籸Եʡ
ǰɼѧᣬʦ˼ҲֿڤУźͺ⻪ѧ澡ʧһΣұص߾ȫһسӣ
ʦܵ£һھƣ˵
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Ƶ죬Уطһ޵е޺νظֶԣûκ

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ѧᵹڶ죬Դ޺Ϊĺ⻪ѧЭĳԱ½ִϸۣڰ뵺Ƶ꼯ϡ
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Զķ
ʦ޺ë̫ˣҵʲôˣôְŵʲôˣûųų棬⻪ѧЭԼʲôɳϣߵ²ۡ
⻪ѧ磬źͺŶѳΪʷǺ⻪ѧĺ֧Ƿֻŷ޷ֻǱߣһһûõóĸ֣ĳ˵ڴͷġ
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£طȻԭץڵֶȻɿȻ󲻵κηӦѸһӣֱץסڵĲӣӥСһӲ




1375 ˣɽɽ
һУ仯죬쵽ڶûзӦҪˡ

ɲǼ䣬Զʹ޺֮⣬ٴδסˡ
Ϊû˻뵽Ȼᷢչӡ
û뵽֮ǰһͬһԴڣ˿ǰ֮ǰϵ⣬׸
ң
طĻڱطУԶŭһףòĵƶڻζ
һЩϽֻöĤĶԴΣ۷ڣ̱߱ϡ
ԣ
طӰ죬ӦһƼھӿ
˿ֻ̣ҪһڱԴӷּң
Ҫ
һΣԶڣжںȻˡ
ΪطӿھͬĲӣĦĲӡ
һ̣ް֮ǰĲһеֻǿ־壬ڲ
ʦ㲻Ҫ
޺Ҳæڣطһŭ֮£ֱȥү̽
ĺܵġ
Ϊطôɵġ
͸ɡ
Դˣֵû˺ʴȣ
޺Ļط粢δڣֻǿԶߵ̬Ƚľٶ
ţҲҪ֣ܳ
޺״תԶȰ裬ҲǾ桪ͽ˼ϣһͽܾһغˣ
Сӣ㾿
Զǿѹסĵŭ⣬ֵͷ۶ط硣
ڴ޻᳤ϣҲ
ۿԶ̬طҲϵɱ⣬ڵ

طôһ˵Ǵ޺Զߵŵӣ˿
ǣ
¾µǣطͻתۣ˵ɤϡ
ڸǾûһ
ʲô
Զʶʵ
Ҳɱ¾ôˡ
طڣԶһһղŴơңڳǰ˵ˣܽУҺʹ޻᳤Ǹ
ԶĬ
ط˵Ķʵ
֮ǰΪʵռţȫδطЩνǿ˼£
㲻˵ǾãҽӲôҪԣ
ۿԶĬطʡ

Զԣò˹ȥ
Ҫ˵УУطҲܹ޷˵طë
ҡԸǸ
һΣԶڣڱˡ
Ȼ֪ǸŶԣһܶ顣
µŻ֮˵ô
ŵ棬طղŵΪ׵ˣ
һٱطһΣҲ˴š
ϾʭӶ˲
οǸͷǸĻԲŹ
ڵĻԶȻѻ𣬵ƱǿУҴ޺ûпڣֻܽʣĬڵľ
ֱϹҺʹ޻᳤Ǹ
ط״ɿ֣ڷ
ž
˫أҪϹǸȴط
סϹ

ӾһΣȴûٰ䣬ҲûԶŽǾֽӡֵضطԲʦ۲ʶ̩ɽðдһƽϡ
£ط˵
һΣ٣

һУתԴ޺Բ𣬴޻᳤Ҳ֪ߵغ񣬽ĺĵ¿ηΣԭҵ޴Ϊ
ͬطǸһҲŴ޺
ᣬȥˡ
޺˵ԲȴǰľطԶеĸΪǿƣ
ΪǿߵӵǰǿƵ̬޵еԼʵžԵģ
ߣ
ڴ޺ľͬʱԶݺݵطһۣ˳ֽѵطͷ
Ϊ޺̬ȺȷԲһָͷ
£Զȥڵŵæϣһƨҷһ
ʱһʱ裬ǵʵдգ
ֵܣԭΪ㲻ǸڵĶ֣ȴû뵽ǰսֻˣ찡
Զ˸һ뿪Ŵţ˵Ǹо·ղں裬ҿѧ磬ֵط磬ʵڵڶ
ôܸطᲢۣҼط޵еĴڣ
ˣʵȻе;ޣ޷طеĵλ

طԶԡ
޺΢΢һ飬ǿûЦ
޻᳤ϲ뵽ʦ֣ʦʵڡɽɡǿˣҲȫ壬λĳ֣Ҳɿ⡪Ǻ⻪ѧЭˣ
⻪ѧЭᶫǷ᳤ֻɽվϳ˷ܣڴ
Щ⻪ѧЭᶫǷֻߣСҲһڴ
š
޺΢ЦףɽһҲԼʼĻѧڴ
ɽ˲ͬǣԻѧЩţǲ뿹⣬ѹɨ
Ϊط磡


1376 
N䣬Iңױ׶üϸҲüɽ
ü־
üɽλʡüɽоڣǻġĴɽ֮һƶͣ羰Сü㡱֮ƣĵڽĻرǷĻ˶üɽʷĻ壬еĽ񡢷Լǡ֡滭ȶչʾڽĻŨϢ
ɽ϶żб¡¡ϴءŶ¡üʤǻΡĿĵ֮һ
ȻͨеĶüɽ
ѧ˶ԣüɽ֮ԳΪüɡ
üǻѧʷƾá֮̽һǧ꣬֡䵱ͬΪɣʱţüʽ΢ڻѧĵλѴǰ۵ɸֵԶ֡䵱ֻڡ
磬üųʦ̫Ȼֿڤʦ䵱ʦͬΪѧ̩ɽҲǻ۷ʦ۷ҲֲΣʦ̫ʵսֻǶǿߣڤʦʦǾǿߣʮ⡣
Ȼ
Ϊ͵̣üھл˻ѧĺ֮㡪ţ˱λѧľٰȨٴȫߵĿ⡣
뻪ѧῪĻǰһ죬μӴߣ½ִ˶üɽУɶüͳһڶüɽĶüɽׯ
һ׼ǼĶȼٴ壬ǶüɽõľƵ꣬ҲǶüŵ׵Ĳҵ
ʱ򣬾󲿷ֲλĿ˵ִ˾Ƶ꣬ǸɵšϺһĵӡ
УźͳϲμӴ̶ܴˢѣһĵǰʶ
Ͼֻۻѧ羫ӢʢᣬžٰһΣΪѵá
ʱѾִɽׯĸԱɽׯƵ¥ǰĻ԰Уаֿڤʦ䵱ʦͰ޵
ڤʦڣʯϣһƷ裬һģһվһԣרעĽı飬ڳʥ
ϧط˴βǰλᡣ
ͻȻٱȭ䶷ᵽط硣
ڳ¼կӺϡ̩ɽ֮ۺϺϣֱۿطĳҪ֮ս֤طĳɳ𣬶طδλᣬź
ط粻ܾѧȱٵʲô
޵ҲˣͬҲ֤ط֮սϺϣطðŹѹơ崫ˡǼ
ûѧᣬѧһһ˲ٻ᳡ʵź䵱ʦͷ͡
طʩҲãζüɿδܹ˳ٰ˴ʢᡣ
ڤʦһЦ뵽ط̩ɽ֮ۻɱһ֮Ϊüųʦ̫ԸֶԼµĺݻ
ڤʦôһ˵ڳɵţҲ׷뵽Ǿ仰
̫ţһ죬һٶü̶ֽü򣡡
뵽仰в˰룬ط볾ʦ̫սһĻ˭Ἴһ
ͬʱ
ΪüɴӵĲϼԴ񶼻ӻ
ѧĽӴɲϼ
ʦ̫ȡġ
Ϊַʽ֤ԼĴڸУ֤Լڶüɵĵλ
ΪܹòλԱ⣬üص׼˴͡аͺֳͣ񴨻ӻ
Уҵ˵ִϼԵӻȻüɽׯ
ϼǶ˵أҲ˻ύ
˿̣ҪӵǼҡɽɺڵ͡
ǻѧѾã̺
²ϼɽеСˡ棬ǲҲ˿ĵ
ǸС˲֮УӦò
ϼڻڣȴͬʱš
Ȼ
ʲôʲô
ϼͷһ㿴档
뷽Բ޳䡢ӥһͬŻ
ȺУһ£ƮƮֱֳС˵еİŮ˵Ŀ⡣
һĻϼʮ⣬ӲͷƤӭ˹ȥ
ʦԴʦʦӭ񴨡
ϼ֮ͣ½ŲȿڵǶüɴӲϼ˴ѧĽӴѾͣˣԺжüרλʦһǰüɽĶüɽׯλʦʲôҪ𣿡
ûУ鷳ʩˡʦҡͷش
λʦλǶüɵͽ棬ڴ˴ѧ뵱УҾ֪ǻĵͨôҲˣ
ϼԣٷϻֱӽĿͶ棬ͳʵ޷εԹޡ
Ѿ壬ںڼ䣬δΥ飬ǺĳЩģѾȡͨǰμѧᣬص᳤ίкˣûʲô⣬ֻ㻹ûнӵ֪ͨ
ϼͱ˵ѯʣ濪ڣԲɫ
ͨǰȵʱȡˣһֲٰġ
ΪΪ׵ЩҪط磬ʶڰµʱ򣬲δѺ
ڲԲӥ뿪ɽǰһأ֪ѧ֮Ȼ֪ط粻֮Уطпܻ֣λᡣ
Բ֪֮󣬱˵һʱϵʢ֡
Сɶԣߺţɽ˵һ˲μӴᣬί֮ã
棬ȻȡͨطҲһΪʲôûѵΪʦĶսڶüۣԲô
ԲĻϼδӦǼ棬֮г˷̺ͺ⣡




1377 ֮Ĳ
ϼճʦָ̫ʾǰǰȥҴ˵Ѿߣطȣ¹ϴΪһˡ
һУط֮ǣζ˴ңйͷ֮޾
ǰʱ䣬ϼ֪ط汻ͨˬ˺ü졣
治ȡͨҴüɶҪɽɣǰμӻѧᣬγ˾ĶԱȣ֮֮
ݾ޴ֱ̬ӱˣȫ˷ʦԲڳֱӶ濪ģʽ
ԲӣҴֵܲǲǲ
ϼĻ䣬ȿڵ
ʲôвǲüɣֶսƱػᱻʦУսΪѧЦ
治̬ˣҴ˿б޵ңǽһ񶾡
ϼ治֪ţ
̲סˣ̲ϼԼԲѷ̲ϼط磬ط粻μӻѧᣬΪ֯δȡͨʦ
١㶼ȡͨطûȡƭ˭أǲϼѹţЦ
ϼ֪طһУ֪ʵԲ׳һǵ˵Щ
һĿ⿴Ųϼһһ仰˵طĺʦһսʦذɣ
ǵ򣡡
һΣȲϼӦԱ㿪ڸͣȻ֪ϼΪط棬ļȷС

ϼ棬ԵĻһ
Դط뿪֮볾ʦ̫ûټעطĶ̬طΪ֪飬˿ԵĻЩ
ǷݲɢĵĳҲָ˼侲
ǵģǳܵģ·ɡ
ڲϼͬʱԲٴοˣԲϼоֹҲЩãݣûϼһʶҲϼ÷ˡ
λʦ룡
ϼԣһһȥ棬һơ
ʮӺ󣬲ϼһ˹Լδϳ
Ҫˣ⻪ѧЭʹ˵еҿˣ
棬ǲϼǲǸطйڣ
ϳ֮󣬲Բϼ뿪ſʵ
ԲĻʦҲǽĿͶ棬ȴĻش
ֻ֪ʦ̫Ⱥ󼸴طĲ磬֪ϼ֮Ĺڡ
Բʦġ
浱½ԭί˵˳
ԭˣԲȻ
١;ɵҲСȥŮطֵܴ򱬣ԼЦѡ
ΪҺ;ҵĶԹ֮󣬱ֱȥսڣû뵽ڱط򱬡
ΪˣصȫѧѡεУطֳǿҵĵ⣬ղط硣
ȫѧУطıֳ۷طΪֵܡ
ط˸ʲôѵͻƻ۷ˣ
Ŀſ˹аͳȥϼüͷ̲סаԼ
ܣ
һ̣ӿֳ֡
طһ㣬ǲʵĳ
෴طʦʦ̫Ʊػᱻ

һСʱһܴϸ۷񶼵Ŀͻ񶼻
ԭϸ۵ֻСʱΪԭ򣬷ɻŵִ
Դ޺Ϊ׵ĺ⻪ѧЭʮˣȺ»Ż
УԶΪ׵ŵӽ޺󣬼ΪݡǺ⻪ѧģҲΪطԶһ㡣
һУڱ˵ĳ裬Ҳŵĳ裬ԶΪ޺Ĵڣ޷طʲô
һֻԶط磬ν۲Ĳ
طȺ󷽣ŴţС
Ϊ˻Է̨ΪŴţ˵ֵֵֵܾܵܣŴţطֵƣطӰ롣
׼ȷ˵
طǹͬġֵܡ
޻᳤ƴʦʦܴʦλ⻪ѧЭĴʦӭ񴨣üμӱ컪ѧᡣǶüɴӲϼ˴δĽӴ
Ƭ̺󣬵ڵʱ򣬲ϼٴӭϣЦػӭ
лл鷳ˡ
޺ͷʾл
޻᳤
ϼػӦ֮ǰȣֱˡ
£ϼʶؽĿŲˡ
ţ
һ̡
һɫ۵ط磬ֻط˫۾ЩϤ
֣һͫ׶ȻŴ
ܹǲǾҺ죿ûǴĻӦü
ŴţվطԣΪϼڿԼ߳ȺЦҽŴţطֵܣ
ط磡
֣ϼͷ΢΢һȻعεЦЦŴʦǺǼ
޻᳤ͣǹȥɡ
ϼջĿ⣬޺
á
޺΢΢ףȻˣŲϼǰͣ
¶ͣһͳͣϼƣʹ޺ϳ
Ŵʦ˵طֵܣطϤɣ
Ŵţϳʱ򣬲ϼŴţʵͬʱȥעط硪ȻԷ۾ЩϤطʮǧ
Ǳ밡ҪôֵܵأŴţظ˵
Ŵʦ˵ط˺䶯飬֪𣿡
ϼ뵽ǰĻ̲סʵ
˵ֵط׶һսɣһսǾһ˻ɱ̿˵ɱ֣ܺڰ¬⡭
ŴţϲؽǸо·ԼĿһսһһսطĸо

ŴţĻϼͬ飬ԭأֱŴţҪٴϳŻعٴʵǡЩʲôʵ
۷壬׼ȷ˵ǻ۷еĶǿϵˮ׼Ŵţһ˵ţȻͷϳ
Ǹ˸ѾԻɱǿˣ
ϼ˲ľ
䱻书Ҳ֪۷ʦϸ֡
ʦֻǻ۷ʦеĶǿߣ
طȴԻɱǿϵˡ
⡭𺳣֪
𺳹󣬲ϼüͷ˲üĿ֮ӿŵǡͲʣ
ƺطܹɳһүۣ
֮Ĳ
ط罫ϼı龡۵ףϳͬʱ΢΢۾




1378 ȫ֣αظ
ҹĻ٣һյյ·ŵƹ⣬ߡγƬɽׯɽׯɫˣһƬľζȼٵ֮ء
ҹĻ£һͻʻɽׯɽׯƵ¥ǰ
λʦίѾΪҰź˷䣬˵䣬ûյǼǱסҵǼ֮󣬿ֱǰòͣʢ᳤ղѾִĴʦڲǡ
ͣȣ泵һüɵŵӣ΢Ц˵
лл
˲ԼͬصлȻȻ³Ƶ¥ǰ̨Ǽǡ
ֵܣĸ䣿
Ǽ֮Ŵţյطʵ
302ط翴ſķš
̫ˣ303Ŵţһ˷ܡ
ҵһüɽ극׼ȥͷʱɡ
طίؾܾˣƻȥա
ȻûиΪʲôҪ´ѵҴ˵ǸȻйأ뵱գôһ¡
ðɡ
ŴţЩСƣҲü֡
˵ӵʱԴ޺Ϊ׵ĺ⻪ѧţɽׯĲ
޻᳤ˣһﶼڵǿء
ſڣһѧЭĸ᳤һüɵĳصصȺǰ߼޺֮΢Цӭϡ
޻᳤ãλá
üɴҲˣ̬ȲѧЭḱ᳤顢ء
ǶüɵĴϣüɳ˳ʦ̫֮⣬Ψһһ۷ʦ
ݣԻ۷ʦ֮ˣǿƺͰ
ʦ̫ſڽӴЩ졣
ǸɻǾõˡ޺æǸ
û£᳤䲿ɵ˶ѾˣأǽȥɡѧЭĸ᳤ЦЦһơ
á
޺˵ͷȻ˲
ͬѧЭ᳤˵μӴ˴λѧˣˣһٶˣʮʢաʦԲ޳ڤʦʦ޵ͳʦ̫һ
ǻѧĺҲǴ
Իλã޺Զġ
ҵӭ⻪ѧŵĵ
޺룬ʢ΢Цſڻӭ쳹ȫ
£ʢȴͷơ

ͬʱڳ˷׷վƻӭ
ллʵڲ˼ɻ㣬ôҾõˡ
޺ȭлǸȻԶʢڵŲ
طڣ⻪ѧŵĳԱҲ׷ױȭʾ⣬ȻڹԱָ£ԤŲ
λѧǻѧһʢ䣬ٰһΡ죬ⳡʢĶüɽ죬ѧʽʼӣҹСһѾԻ
⻪ѧŵĳԱߵԵλ֮ʢٴһڣǹͬٱǰԤףԲɹ
ʢĻ£طڣ˷׷׶Ʊһ
᳤ǴҵҲҪμӱѧǲ𣿡
һ¶ǣһСɵſʵ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬˵Ŀٴξ۽ʢڴʢĻش
һУֻΪڻѧߵĵλҺܾûгˣܶ˶ʶ˵ķɡ
ңĲμӱѧᣬôĺ
ȷʾμӴ˴ѧᣬȱϯһĻ
˵עӺڴʢ΢ЦӦ
Ļλᰡ
۸ˣѧдмʶҵľѧ
ʢĻԭֳ˶Ҳλ飬ûһ˶ȱϯһĿĻʽееֻ˷ڴ
ʢڣ֪ԨԴˣ̲סһۡ
ط硣
ƹ£ǿһƽһڿݾ޲
ѵҲ´ˣ
һĻطЩɻ
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ͬһеһ󣬿ʼоƻڡ
طط֣ûв룬ȻϢ뿪˲
ΪˣطŴţͬĺ⻪ߴкͬ뿪
ſڣշ·µطƵģȺ
˶ӣҸĵط˵
õģ塣طͷ
ಣ
ղٷϻһΣһӳط״Ѹٸϡ
Ȼһǻڣʵʵ޽ӽ۷ǿߣٶԶ֮ϣ׾١
Ƭ̺طɽׯ󷽵һɽ¡
ô뵽ˣ
ͣ½Ųȿʵ
䡢ӥͼһֱھ˻죬֮ǰҾ̫Σգûǹȥʱ죬׼δᣬǹͨһ¡⣬Ҽͻƻ۷壬ѧдĻᣬܲҵͻƵ
ط˵ԼμӴ˴ѧĿģδἰ´
š
յͷȻͨˣ㻹ͨУмǲɱ¶ʵݣᡢѧЭᡢ֯δȥܴ鷳
壬ס
طӦȻһ£ʵˣ壬йϵ𣿡
ΪʲôͻȻ
ԣԶ֮ǰڲʱǰ㵭üͷ۽ǼҲ΢΢š
Щ֤˿Ĳƽ
壬֪ģųϲţҵһһϣȴطԥһ£û˵ɵһɡ
ҺЩԨԴ׼ȷ˵Ҽ䴺ס
طĻսĿͶԶƵɽ壬ĬãŻ

طһճңû뵽վȻҼĶӡ
ʵϣֺ޹ϸ𡣡ջĿ⣬ˡ
Ϊʲôطʶʡ
ΪҴδ̤һ
ٴοڣѾ޷ƽˣʼ˵йԼҵһУ꣬ĸס
䴺Ҳ̫˰ɣ
յ֮ܵеԹޣطŭ
С磬һ죬һǿˣҪΪȥصʲôҪΪԷݣ
ɿ֮ǰΪԹ޶յ˫ȭ𽥻ָƽط磬һ棬ǿ󡢵̼һΣյ顣һ棬ǻѧһӣԻѧһʧ
壬䴺ǸĺмӣҲʲô֮һˣͬʱΪΪڣ
طûдӦյҪ󣬶ն˵ҵİΣ㲻صģɱҵ˶ţëвȱη壡ڻѧĴ֣Һ͵ľҡһΪǣϣֺαظ




1379 Ӣۣ
ͬҵĴһѧĵһҪĻʽֻᣬͬǣΪߵԣڼûм߲ɷáý屨вλԱҲƬƵϴ硣
ڴĿĻʽϣΪ쵥λĻѧЭ᳤ʢ˹棬ܽ˹ȥѧĹ˴ڵ⣬δȫѧ硢ѧУƶ˶ӦĴʩҶһϵйĿꡣ
ԵĶܶ飬̱Ҫߣǻ̡
ʢ깤ֿ֮ڤʦɽɲԲͶüųʦֱ̫ʦݣ˷ԡ
пڤʦͲԲˣֱֺɽɵ״Եز˶ڻѧһЩ⿴
ʦ̸̫˶üɵ̸֮ѧǾһ㡪δط⡣
ҸΪطѧĶĺܶΪΥ˻֯Ĺ涨ƻ˻ѧȶ޴鷳
ΪǵЩڲĹУпܻᲨѧ硣
Ϊ˱һУǿҽ飬طӻѧ߳ȥ𣡡
ǳʦ̫ԭֱڳÿһˡ
Ǵʦһɺԣ
ݵ𾪹ձûٸʦ̫ڵĻᣬֱڻŭ⣬һطδΥ֯Ĺ涨ֻΥķɣͨĿǰϢƣطΥһ⣬Ŀǰ׼µ顣
ڶطĶȫѧھλƻѧľǿߣѧĽѧԶǿĺܣ뾳ڰף
䲿˵ûطѣɽɱؽ֧֣
ⷬԲһ̬طȫѧʱձѧţΪӥ𣬲صΪ˸ӥѩܵĻᣬձѧһֻûȵӥأȫֱнձѧŻɱ
һУӥɽɶԣǴ
ˣɽɵҲðűķգԥؽ棬ɡ
֧طֵܣ
ԲĻ䣬㿪ˣڷʦǰ棬ڱ̬
һΣһҪ̵ķʦȴû˵һ֣ȫĬ˵һУ
طҪ岻ݴǣ޳Ҳڱ̬ȡ
֧ط磡
䵱Ȼ
ԸΪطСֵһս
طȺɱ׾ԣΪűطҪű㾡ȫ
ٱȭҵСʵԸڰطСֵһϷ΢֮

һʱ䣬᳡ַǷССɼһԵ֧ط硣
һһŷŭӣϯ̨ϵĳʦ̫ɫ
ط뿪֮ûȥעط磬һֱչأֱѧٰǰϦųأطһ֪
֪طϺһսǶôģ
Ҳ֪طȫѧľξˣ
֪طͨһһ֮սһһνǿ߲ڽ£ͽûѧǺεȵҫ
һߣԶ
ʱ仰ֻǿںţطȴӿںűʵ
һ£֪ߵغصѧ羫Ӣڮ١ط磬ȡ貢
ҼطǻѧĽģ⻪ѧЭԸκΰ
ɵ˱̬ʦ̫ϯ̨סʱ򣬴ֱվ۸ߺ⻪ѧЭ
ŴţҲԺ⻪ѧЭᶫǷ᳤ֻɽֽߵĻʻ˶ӡ
ϯ̨ϣʦ̫ѾѪɫˣֻñһǼĶ⣬Ҳסˣֱ뿪˻᳡
ƺԣڻ᳡һӶǼ尾
ˣҰ侲ղҪ
ۿʦ̫뿪ʢ֣ѹʾ˰Ȼ󿪿˵
ʢĻ𽥰սͲõǰ
ڿ֮ǰʶɨȺ󷽵طһۡ
һۣؿǸñѧ統ɽ꣬ûаĽͼеֻƽ
Ӣ۴ûȥӢۣûаԼӢۣһУֻΪӡеκοʹ
طƽӣû뵽һ仰
ͬʱ
Ϊһǿ˵СҼ䴺䴺һӡҵͬ£˳ǰݻȻ˻ǰ񶼻
ү˵㲢μӻѧ᣿
뿪԰֮ʵ
壬ļλμӣǸطҲμӣҲμǸƻỹ𣿡СüͷΪ
ү㲻᲻μӰɣ
Щģ䴺ĵӣҲʵˣ˴ΰ䴺ָʾСһͬǰüСˣӣȥμѧᣬû䴺ｻ
Ȼƻ鲻ãҲ˳СС·д㡣
үôʡ
ҴɨڡɽɺͼҵĴˣݺݵǣǵšʹίѿСһЦ
⡭
һȻ
֮⣬֪˺Ǹطֵܣطһ֮ˣԸΪֵ߲嵶һط֪£û׼ս
ҴӾлعСٴοڣгϷʣĳıӵսңһ֪ǸΪ֮ط磬ǰǶôĲһһ᳹Ӣ۱ɹܣ




1380 Ҵ˵
ʦ̫ѧῪĻʽϱŭ޴棬ֱ÷˶üɣѧֻᶼûвμӣΪѧʷߵЭ췽ˡ
һУطĺﵽǰδеĵز޲ýطƤйͷ֮ޡ
ͬʱҲףط类ϳ֮󣬱ȻһЩ֮٣򲻻ڻѧߵ
Ϊˣص֮󣬵һʱȥط뿪ĺʲô
ڶ峿
ʦ̫ڤ֮ùͣصԼס׼ϢȻȥſӭѧĲλԱ
ѧĻţвλԱüɽвιۣȻڶüɵ䳡ѧд轻
顪
ʦ̫ջط䣬ű㱻졣

ʦ̫ϥڵϣۣ
ʦ
һüɵŶ룬ʦ̫
нգǳʦ̫ĵ֮һ츳ܸߣֻǰڵΪڶüݡλ͡
ΪͷԴԵʣʦ̫רŹüɶüŵӶܡ
ԭ˴ѧᣬ˵ӦӴʦ̫Ϊչ˲ϼŲϼԴˣЩơ
죬ӵʦ̫ȥط类ϳ֮ʲôѾ鵽˽ΪϸϢ
鵽ˣʦ̫ʵ
ǵģʦյͷ
ǸСʲôʦ̫ʡ
ʦҴӡˣһ¡
մʣЩ죬üĿ֮仹޷ε𾪡
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죬طϢϺ˶ɵˣڴ˿Ҳƽ
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յĻյı仯ʦֲ̫õֱüͷ
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ղҵһʱ佫ӡõϢϵݸʦ̫
ʦ̫ӹϣ
վһԣͷ͵͵ؿųʦ̫Ҵһ
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⡭ôܣ
·Ϊӡ֤յжƵģʦ̫Ϻһ𾪡ɣȡȵüͷšһͣⶼЩŤˣżɤӺһ
ûд𰸡
ŵסҿ
Ȼ֪˿̵ĳʦ̫Ǳµβ͵èȫըë״̬ڣ˵ʲôֻһΪʦ̫ĳͲ

Ȼʦֱ̫ܻؽطϢ˺˷飬һѶֽмƬһء
Ĭ
ϢĳĬ
ǷݳĬýס亹ֱð
Ȼ
Ԥϵǣʦ̫ûбǺܿԼ侲
侲ô
ʦ̫һ㶼侲ֻץ֮󣬸еһ˿ҡط粻ǰμӴ˴ѧᣬ޷սԼüɽ޴棡
֮⣬ţ첻һֱһˣطھ裬Ʊػھ⡣
һ򲽽ط죬ھԵе»ŻͷͨͷҲ޷صģ޷սԼ
ðQοԼȴ֪طѾص˻ģҾڶüɽׯ

ͬʱ
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ѧĻţλԱ˵ʮֳ˳ǰüɣ˿Ѿ˵ʮˣ˻û뿪ɽׯ
һУֻΪڵҵˣ
УЩСɵˣ˿ûΪ˵ĳٵеãԼ˳֣ϳڴ뼤
Сɵ˲ͬҵˣǲãΪʵ̫ˣμĿĻʽѧֻҲͰˣϻٵ˵š
Ȼù鲻ãʢûзҲû˵ʲô
գҪҪߣ˺ȥüɣ
Ƶ¥ǰʢһʱ䣬Եʵ
᳤䲿ҵĴˣ
شվ˲ԶĶüɵŵӣӵ˲ϼ֪ͨæ㱨
üŵӵĻ£һﰣ񳵳˵žƵſʻ
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ڲϼӭУ˵עӺ͵ȴУСȴӳ¡
һѩɫĳۣɫѥӺһͷƮݵĳͬС˵е湫һ㡣
Ȼˣû˿Ǹ⣬һİȻǸо·ܹμӱѧᣬǸڳһ㣡
Ǿһ𣿹ȻȲ
ǰǳȡŵʣȫɡ崫˿ɱȵģ
ССԱڵ궯˿ھ
һЩ˷ܵģС⣬ͷŲĿ⣬ĿͶʢˣδǳҵ壬ȥһǣʲôʱ
õģү
ԣȻСʢˣʢյ˶Щףδ˵ʲôǵһʱ
ĳˣô˵Ų˵һǸûУ᳤䲿ʺãţ찡
һĻԭоͺܲˬļҴ˼Զʱ̲סˡ
ʷйͻйһ䣬ռܡ
ҲǴʱʼ˥ܣ𽥱룬Ҳ಻С
˵ʲô
ȻԵĻСüͷһʵ
ôҪظӦ
òͷô
СͫµϢͬˮһӿ֣Ǹо·ʱԼԳ֡
СﲻҰĵطҴ˵磬԰ȥ
ʱһȣֹС
١һҵҰ֣Ҳѵң
յѵ⣬СǵûӿֱҰա
ৣ
С񵽼µĻڳ˾һ
Ψһ⡣
ط硣
۾
Ϥˣ֪һ̣ŭˣ




1381 ֪ߵغ
ৡ
֮࣬˲ԼͬؽĿͶա
£üͷɫΪѿûпڻӦ
СӣעУ
յķӦʢЩջ𣬵¿ŭ
᳤Ϊҵû⣡
ʢŭ⣬СȻĲһպҵĹϵֳһЩӦ֪

ٴСĻʢԶԡ
ȻСĻĳ˵䴺˽ӣҴδ̤԰һ
䲿ʲôϵ
ʢĳĬڳЩ֪ˣһ׷ʶӦˣСΪγƺΪҰ֣޷²⣬Դʮֺ档
Сѵҳûн̹ô
ʱһοˣ֮гŭ⣬ΪСǰŰ裬ҲΪСպʢء
Ѿǵ꼧ҰܸҵˣҲ㳤ԡֵĻѧдһս
СЦ򼧰ԵĿ⣬ͷ·ڸϡ
֪Եʵֻһֻ֣ɴüԻ
㡭
СƺԼսԴһȣʶҪӦ
Ȼ
Ļ˵ڣһȻھƵſ
뻪ģƻ֯Ȩ
£ԭվȺ󷽵ط磬֪ʱȺǰ۶С
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Ϊ˺⻪ѧЭ˺֪Ļ֮⣬ڳ˶ǵһμط磬֪طݡ
һ£ǶطҿСеʮ𾪣
һֱŰ衢һСɫһ˲ˡ
Ȼųƻѧ𣬵ûƻ֯
Ϊүү˵ƻѾǸ˵еľ磬ʵǿޱȣ̫үδؿսʤ
ҲǣѧɣҶԻ֯εԭ
һСˣοң
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Ϊ֪Ǹİ۵ⶥñӣҳܲСĻҺпҪܻ֯ŭ
Ȼ
֪һеңҪڣȴСˡ
˭
СŭĿط磬ͳʵ
СѯʵģҲڳ֪ģĿתضط磬ȴطĴ𸴡

طޱӭСĿ⣬³֡
֪ѧûμңðıҸҺҿ۴ñӣ
ط֣СЦ
ˣ
һ̣ط翪ڣͻȻͺһһһСӣҿԲӻ֯Ĺһʵ㱨ƻΡ
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ȻյĻҵ¼ˣսĻ˵꣬㽹شϣҼүǸ˼
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СĿе˼̬΢һЩȻû˿ء
ðûϵҸҹȻΥ֯Ĺ涨֯԰䴺̫үúһģ
˵ţȻؿطһۣʾط粻ҪٺСѿ֮ˡ
طԭ˵ʲô뵱СˣյĿ⣬ֽߵĻ˻ȥҲʱѹ˽ѵСͷ
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ͬʱڳвԼͬӿֳĸ֣յĿ塣
ǿյʵһȵСձϾǻִ֯ݵλԺգߵκһɡңšҼʾء
Сð裬ȴûжСʲôⷬؽʲô˶еġ
ˣϳɡ
ʢԭһӻ𣬵ղԸ̬չȥǿŭ𣬿˵
ò˵ΪѧЭ᳤ʢڻѧ൱ߵֻһ£ЩСɵ˵һʱϳ
ҪҸղŵĻҪѧднˣȻ뵱˰Ҳ⡣
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㡭
һŭ˵ʲô޳ˡ
Ȼ޳ļһӦսԼԻڵʵԲСĶ֣
㣬СҿԸһ̵ܽĻᡪԸᣬվԭҽŲŲ֣䣡
ۿԱߣСֽĿͶط磬طղŵڶײðľٶǲطһĽѵ
һΣطûᣬֱ˾Լһͳ
Ϊռѿ
Ϊ֪յǶԵģѿ֮ûʲô壬ʵжõĻӦ
ѧдУС֪үмֻۣ




1382 ̸۵
üλڶüɽĶռԼôһϵķɽңʵ̺Ÿ£ɽŲԶһ䳡Ƕüɵ䡢дĵط
üɺͶüɽׯֱ֮ͨĹ·ֻܽвʮӵĳ̡
ŵʮֵʱ˶üſڣʦ̫ȫüӣصſڵȺ
ʦ̫ڣжüɵӶɫӣվһţֳ彣òѡ
Ȼʦ̫ĿĻʽϱŭΪѧЭ췽ѱ湤λüڻѧĿڱһǧɡ
ڻط飬³˻ٶ⣬ҿԵɸΪ
ӭλʦüɣ
󣬵ͳͣ£λԱʼ³ʱϰüɵڣ쳹Ͽգνư硣
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󣬵ʢմ˳ɽʱʦ̫Ŷüɼӭȥһ΢ЦĻӭǸо·ѹûз
ǴʦǣǶİš
νֲЦˣʢ״Ҳ˳ʦ̫ӡ
˵ĶԻ磬ԸЩʡ
Ϊ߽νƥһŭѪ岽룬硣
᳤ˣİţλ룡
ʦ̫ЦЦٲȻų̂طĶģȴһЦصĸо
һƣȻĿ˲ԶСϣϵЦ΢΢ЩԸӡ
һѧ壬Ҳ֮󣬼Ѿû䣬ѧ츳ߣʱò绨ѧῡŵǣȴ䴺²
䴺ڶŮеһʱֻж̶̵ʮ졣
꣬䴺䴺һ飬䴺ݡʡѧźǿѧʵ۷һͶ䴺Ļ˴ŮŮ˵ı仯
ʮԡ̸۵һˣҸ
䴺ΪޣҲΪΪӭ˸յĻᡣ
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һδ䴺棬ȴʼû䴺
ͬ౻Ůһ޹ڹδ¡
һ̣䴺ĺʱͻȻ֣ԼƺǺǸħȴ֮ǵˡ
Ǵʦ
ʦ̫Ŀ⣬Сȭʺã̬֮ǰԴʢյ˽ȻͬǵûŰ裬Ǻء
Ϊ֪ʦ̫䴺飬֮ǰĸصؽöԳʦ̫
үү𣿡
ʦ̫ʶʵû˿ΣûԹޣԵú̹Ȼ
ΪµѾԹ䴺
ͦõġ
СЦЦаԼүү䴺ı£˳ʦ̫ʦ̫ǵûԹޣš
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ǶüţˣҪǰ˲ι۶üɡ
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˽ü֮һüɵŵӣͬɫӣ䵱ԱΪ˽üɵһУüɵʷչŵһЩɫ
ֻһСʱˡ
Ȼ󣬳ʦ̫üɵĴ
˼Ƕüɵƽĵط
üһŶüɿʦĵ񣬴ذڷʮӡ
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ǰûеģüΪ˴λص׼ġǱ컪ѧ̸۵ĳء
̸۵ȿԵѧ֣ҲԵѧд衣
ѧֲѧչķδԣ̸۵Ҫֵ̽书ʽľĵãϸڷĶ߶ġ
ѧдԣ̸۵ۡ
̸۵ѧֺѧд֮һνӡ
ǸޣίλϯضһƷ裬һ̸۵ʦ̫˵
Ϊ̸۵ûʲô壬ֱӽѧд裬ֵ¼£
ʦ̫Ļ£СͻȻڣ֮гŲм
ΪټĻѧ磬ļ洫ƻԴġ׻ȭ֮⣬书洫ȣ
ƻĺļ˶ν۵ԣûκ塣
£Ŀ絶һɨطͼڵķλǸо·˵ϣǲҪͷڹ꣡


1383 ѧ
쵰
СԴĻСƣջ𣬺޲ӦսСһ١
Ȼ
ŭŭ룬ûпڣǱǡ
Ϊ֪ԼСĶ֣ҼԻСҲСƻѧ̺Ͱš
ǶԴίĲأǺΪ
طҲ֪һ㣬ʶûССһQ
֪Ҫ˵δɵСӣүү䴺ˣҲ˵˿Ļ
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ڶüɽׯʱСˣϢˣû˵ʲô˿Ҳ޿ˡ
᳤ԼǣѧҾѧҲ˵ھģοСδؾҾѧ͸
޵ڸͣѵС
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νʵʵۡ
ৣ
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һ棬ҵһʱ䣬ʢ޵ǾǿߣǵģҲ˱ʸ֮ġ
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δڣСһЦɨһ۰䡢ԡӥطڵһۣ·ڸˣȵѧдʱҪǺÿ
ˣλɣǿʼ̸۵ʢ״С顣
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طȻ෴СȫһУֱӾͽһӣϥվ
λȥѧ̸۵Ļڣѡˡ׻ȭȭ͡ơŲ书Ϊ۵Ķ󣬽ǻѡ书ҿ飬ȻֳвͬĿֱᡣ
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ʢôһ˵ȫ˷
Ȼܶ˶Գʦ̫طΪܲüǴ˴ѧЭ췽ҪһչˣҶüȷʵҲǻѧ֪书֮һֵ̽֡
ȻûзǡüΪһʢ״ֱİ塣
ҽڵġĦȭĦȭֹͬǿǿȭͣǻԵѧ֮һֵ̽֡ΪŵĿڤʦˡ
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ڤʦˣѧȡĦȭѧܶ࣬İɡʦǫѷر̬
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ʦ̫Ļ˶û顣
ȻСԴ󣬵ҾѧպգǶ˽⡣
һĻСͷһԵá
ʦ㲻ҪԷƱĦȭ֮£λŶмţҲǾ书ֵ̽֡
ʢ΢ЦŻӦ˷ʦȻʵλû飬ûĻѧ̸۵̽֡üĦȭ͡
᳤ҽ̽طġǹ
ʢĻ䣬ͻȻڵطֵᣬȫ򶥼ǿУһ·սδйܼҿ羳սͬԷˮһ򵥣νˡڰǿҲ׷ױ羳ɱΪȫѧһһˣġǹǳֵ֣̽
СԼǣۼطʩʩչǹѧԳƵϿѧʦͷ
㣬ܶ˶Ŀùǹ֮ǿĿãȷʵбҪ֣̽Ψһϧط籾˲ڡ
ԲҲˣ̸ǹʱ֮оǾ̾
֪ط绹ʮ꣬书ҲƵϿѧǸЦô
ۿʦͲԲˡǹߵۣС̲סˣüĿ֮ӿ֮гŲм
νȫѧһˣЦȫѧ֮֮࣬ҵ°ܽ죡




1384 ˭
ΪһǿˣСǽģҲԸģΪһֱδоֹ֮δʢշ
˿̣˶ط͡ǹƳ֮󣬵¿ڷԴǼңǸо·ȫѧһһط磡
ڡǹȻûмʶ֪ʮط磬۷嶼ǣ书ж
ʶǹ롶Ტ۵ʸûУ
ৡ
ȻСĻ˵Ŀٴξ۽ϡ
һ̣ǸɡҵţӣСĿ⣬Թ죬ΪСʵſˣǸоͷ·µһ
Сطֵһִֻ㻳
ͬʱٴοˣû֮ǰǰŭһֿ׳յĿ⿴С
ϲСĶ֣ҲظӦСֻǻڣطͬ
ļ֮ͬսطδܹ
ңط磬ܹͬвһɱ۷ʦеĶǿߣСʲôطȣ
ǺǡҳЦ
СһЦ˵ֵܣлԸʱԽս֪˵ĵʮ֮޷䣡

СĻʱڳһ
ΪСĻζţطһս
ͬʱպʹ޺̲סطһۣطһƽδСĻκ
Ҽطһ޵УŰܰɣ
޺󣬴һ˵ţݲñ˰Ӻڮط磬ǿҲС
СȰ͵Ϊôֵ˵ˣ󶼺ڵóˣкܶĹڣ
һΣȼԻӦ㿪ˣΪС
Ӯң̸طֵɡ
ӥҲˣüĿ̺֮Ũҵս⡣
һֱһǿ֮ģطΪĿ꣬ȫ׷ϣͼһԺطһս
µòϣǸɰֵܵ꣬ѾԶԶؽ˦ûлʵԸˡ
СһܺõսĿꡣ
СӶ輧ԣ˿ڮط磬Ӽս⣡
ھͽˣ
СЦһֱ׼ѵӥ
ڻѧдʱ䡣
ʢüͷֹСľٶ
᳤ϣ㻹ܰȫһᣬԺѧд裬ɲҪˡ
СЦһȥȻʢҲҹȻʢʹίᡣ
缧ԡʦͲԲʦ˵طġǹһǿ书ܶ˶ʶһ֯ƻ̾ǹȫƣԳԽ׻ȭɳƻȫѧһ书
ۿСʢջĿ⣬ٴοڣˡǹĿ϶
ʢĻСֱĸоüͷһ˵ʲôʢѹûٴοڵĻᡣ
ط籾˲ˣѧ˽⣬ֵ̽岻󡣡
ʢһתԣҸΪͲ̽֡ǹˣ´ѧкʵĻᣬٶ书֣̽̽֡ü͡Ħȭ书Σ
á
ʢôһ˵˶û顣
ȻҶû飬ǾͿʼ̸۵üųʦ̫⡶üʲôʿڳǴʦ֮ᣬǴʦѡĽлش𡣡ʢ״ٴοڣʼ
žž
ʢĻ£˷׷׹ƣȻԳʦ̫ܴ󣬵ҲûжڣҲǶʢһء
ü·ϽνʱϽŤš۵¸ɱƣҪɣͣۿ죬ǧӶﵽʱΣ䷭תУҪ˳ߣ潣УҪֽ飬ֳüաᡢࡢ졢ɵ񡭡
ʦ̫ԣǽӹһӶ˵Ĳ裬˿ڲˮɤӣŻڣüصֻķص㣬ڽϰʽֲֻᡣ
Ҳ̸۵ص㣬û˻ֳϽ书ϰʽھתʽݣĻڵѧˡ
κѧɡѧԣ洫书ѧ֮⴫
Ǵʦáüʲô
ʦ̫֮һСɵӿʵ
ɵ书Ҳǽ롶ü޷Ტۡ
üͬǣʽսһĽ󷽣üעʵսرעص㡢̡õľ
ʦ̫ӦȻĿ⻷ܣȴһʵģˣֱ䳡
پЩκͶüͷ
볾ʦ̫ͬʦڽˡĦȭ֮ȿֺʡ
һ棬ĦȭѧһֱأҸǿ˶Դ˺ܸȤ
һ棬ʦƷԵѣ˿ʦӣһϲ
ֽȻķóʦ̫ԵøѿЩڵһĿĻʽطˡ
棬˽
ʦش֮ʢٶȿڡ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ٶȽĿͶС
ڡص㣬֮ǰǴʦƼʱѾˣҾͲظˡ˵ǣۻѧ磬ܹҡᲢ۵ֻС׻ȭļҵ书
˵עУСվһ԰˵ţĿͶ򼧰ԡӥˣһѧд֤һ㣡
ţ
СĻ˶ףСûн˼Ҫֱӿʼѧд
һ̣ûԼĿͶԼԡӥط˵ĵ⡣
ڵô
طٴ۾׼СһĽѵ
ĵԽߣˤԽң




1385 ͽ繷
Ȼԡž书ܸȤҲСԴɺܷУСԼԸ⽲û˿
Сӣ㲻Ը⽲⡶Ǿͻ书̽֡
ʱʢٴοڣ˰
᳤ɡ
ʢĻæ˵ȻСɫÿ֪СֲȻҶԡûүôҲܽһ
á
ʢͷͬ⡣
˶ԴҲû顣
ҵĴСеĲһЩͬʱҲ֪ǲʢӽĻҳҲһôû˵ʲôٴ˵ϡ
λʦڹķΪѪطΪ裬ϰߵѪھںϣһһʽᱬ׵
Ҽ״˿Ȼһ˼·ʼ
ʦں书ô
ʦ£ӵ֮𣿡

ҽ֮󣬲߶վԼɻ
ע죬Ҳע־ĥϸ˵书
ҵ˶ˣſڻش𣬲һԻش˵ʣǸСƨɡ
ȻҶûˣôѧ̸۵˽ǰü䳡ѧд
ʢٴοڣûϽѧܽᷢԣֱһͬʱص˵ѧдע
ѧдʼ֮ǰҪصעμӻ߱ϸء
һѧд裬˼壬дΪѣϽɱ
ڶΪ˷ֹμӻѧдˣÿһд趼ר˶ء˻һΣʱʱжд裬Է¹ʡ
˷ֱղǴʦҵΡղذߵд裬Ǵʦػ۷֮µд裬ػ۷д衣
ڲλԱڶ࣬ʵв룬ΪˣӰڵ۷壬ÿһд裬ȲμӡȻѧߣԼʵоģҲɷ羳д裬ʵ̫󣬷ûˡҶԴ𣿡
ûС
ͬӦ
Сûп
ȻѾȲѵԡӥطˣΪС߱ԡдûκ壬һûпڡ
Ϊ֪Ҫ˵үү䴺ˣҲܸѧĻź͹
ʢˣڳʦ̫·£˶üɵ䳡
䳡ϣһʱӣڷʮӺͲϰڷѾݺõĲˮλԱһ裬һѧд衣
ѧдʽʼڵ߿ϳѧд裡
ʢʼ
ڿʼ룡
մȺ߳һ䳡м䡣
ɣ࣬ھ磬Ըֵͬܽд衣
յĻ£ɵȿڡ
֣д裡
ܿ죬վһĿ꣬ӦȻԱţţ塣
ࡢ볡տ˵
˵ӽ䳡ǹͬձȭϹȻֻ౧ȭյһ£ʼд衣
ⳡд裬ӡ
Ϊ˫ʵ޼ѧдɱͬ
ǰչʾԵ书ʽصΪʤѰһᣬͻɱ֣ط
ͬһѧдһѧд裬ûзʤӵʱսͣ
ˣҲЩСɵߴ񫣬һЩŴɵĵӶʱǰһ
طҲˡ
Щߵд裬Ȼͬطţʢ̸۵ѧÿһ书ص㡣
Ϊˣط翴ýζżҲһЩⴴ⡣
طȻͬСȫû˼ۿ
Ϊ߶ǵ书ֲڲûκιۿ塣
ٽʱ򣬰ߵд˵üɵʳòͣȻ˶ݵϢӵʱٴη䳡ѧд
밵߲ͬߵдҪڴ
Ͼ뻯ɳʦ
մίᰲţڵڵд裬أȽлڵд裬߽룡
ʦ̫ͬϵһ䳡м䣬ڣ
ɽ棬ԸͬĴʦд裡
ʦ̫Ļ䣬͵شӲԲ߳ǰȻת˱ȭ
ৣ
ȻĻ䳡ϵĳʦ̫ɫȻһ䣡
꣬ΪִҪǰµĽɽʦ̫һ֮½üɡ
Ժ󣬶üɷǵûиκΰΪ֧طԴ׾һսѵ⣬֮Ҫǿбȥǿ˾ȥѾߣ
ͽ繷
ʵдա
Ȼ
һУΪطı䣡
Ϊط磬ʵͻͽҼԶȶüɸе̡ʵɽɡ
Դˣʦ̫ʮֲˬڶüɺɽɵĲ࣬ڴ֮ǰֻܽǷݲˬⲻȥ棬ûȥһۡ
˿̣ѧѧдУҪɽɲμӣ
óʦ̫еޱȵĳ裬ҲòĿͶ棡
棬ǻʦд裬ǻô
˻Ӧ棬ʦ̫ͻȻڡ
һΣһͺȣ쳹ȫ֮гŭ⣡

Ȼʦ̫Ļųʦ̫ı飬˶һ
̫ţҶˣ㹷ۿ˵ͣ
ʱ
Ȼת
£͵ش߶ھѪ糱˵ѸֱӳԽ˰۷塣
ͻ˻ڣ
һٶֱ˰ʦ̫ڵˣ
طҲ⣡
Уʦ̫Ǳ浱ڳһĶƵģһ࣬Ӷڶ¡
һ̣Ǹв繷ͽˣ
ô
̫ţӦطʦûվûУ
һ̡
Ŀ֮£ٴοڣף쳹üϿգþòɢ




1386 ѵһ٣
ѧ츳رã۵㹻Ϊˣط͸Ļҩ֮󣬼ǱܣӼɽɣвԲָѧΪһǧͨϴαչأ˻ƿֱ˿̵ųʦ̫ͻѧڶʦͻƣ

ǹ׵Ļֳٴһ
Ȼû뵽澹Ȼѧдͻƻڣڴʦ̫ҳ˺Ƥ
뵽ʦ̫ͶüɶȻˡ
ʦ̫浱ͽκΰⶼ⣬ǿȥǿ˾ڵѾߣ̫ˣǸ˶
һ仰ǶΪȻ
طʱյʵͿµսΪط볾ʦ̫սԼĻʦ̫ʤС
ʦ̫ҲѾ֪طΪطĿֲս𺳣
Ȼ
ǿƣһΪȻı飬ʦ̫ûеڵͷЦһϹӲϣӦҵǣûһ٣⣬ѾüɳҾ㣬ʦ裬עԴǣҲʦŽѵ㣡
棬ɡ
һΣ濪ڣͻȻֹ
Ϊʦ̫˵ʵײƳʦ̫Ļʦֽ̫ѵ棬ɽ޷ʢҲò֡
£ʶؽĿͶվڴ޺ط硣
һ̣ؿط΢΢۾
֣еһǸط첻ҪСһĽѵҺпܻѵʦ̫
Ȼطݡ
ǣ䲿
һʱ䱧ȭվϹ
֪Ϊãطϵã൱طĳᵱڲյӡ
Ļʦ̫üͷһ
ԭ׼ֻҪԲѷ漸ӣյĻû޵
С㣬д裡
ͬʱ䵱ʦһ۵ͻȻӦѧд裬ȻԱ䵱ɣŷᣡ
ŷᣬעִ硣
ŷӦսΪ䵱ŵʦδֹѣѹúܵ͡
ǣʦ
ŷṧᣬ֪ʦӡ
Ͼɽɵˡ
ɽǱ֡䵱ŸΪǿɣ˵
ΪҪǣطˣ
طϺϣ䵱̫ѹʦ䵱ϴˢܸĳ裬ʦ䵱˵жģ䵱Ȼܶ𱨡
οոŭ˳ʦ̫ǽѧдҰܵĻǰʦ̫ѵ棿
£ŷʦûָʾһΣһֱ˱䳡
ŷʦָ֣̣
汧ȭŷ񣬲ҳƺΪʦ֣̬ڵú֮ܵͣǰԴʦ̫Ȼ෴
ʦÿˣͨѧд裬ཻѧϰ
ŷЦЦȻһƣʦã룡
룡
һȻֱӰγıʣ⣬â˸
ŷͬҲγд׼
˵ע£ŷἸͬʱ֣硣


һ֮䣬ӶбƿȻײһ𣬷ﬡҽ죬Ӱһ֡
˶ý֣涯õǡɽŷõ䵱ɾѧŽ
Ӱ䳡һӰХײ𣬿ȥļңʵоա
ͣ
Զĳʦ̫Ȼŷܹݺݽѵ棬δԸǲŷ飬ǵȵӵʱ򣬱ͣ
ŷʦ֣ã
ʦ̫ĻסΣջرʣٴŷ
ʦÿ
ŷ΢΢һЦͬջرȻ˸һ䳡
ţ
󣬾͵ߵԲʱ俴վڴ޺ط磬鵱һ
һ۱㿴ط۾Ϥ
Ϊ˫۾طĿ⣬οԶ޷Ĩ
ͬطӰԶ޷һ
ͬʱطӦĿ⣬۾

ط۵Ķоֱӿ϶طݣ
ΪԣطǸ۵ľٶʵ̫Ϥˡÿط綯ŭʱ򣬶ʶ
ˣ
淢طջĿ⣬֪طǵı˷֣ϵ˲䱻ȡ
ԣμӴ˴λѧᣬǻţط
طˣܲ
֮࣬ţ죬ǿŵСǶ񶾵ĳʦ̫һ٣




1387 ˷ͷ
Ϊ˷ֹ˷쳣ܿջĿ⣬ٹؿط磬ǰй۲죬Ŀ⿴䳡Ҳ𽥻ָƽ
춼˵д裬ϹͷҲȥһ£˭Ըд裿
ʱٱȭ䶷վ΢Цд֡
ȻΪһţֻǻڣѾͣܶˣѧѧдĻᣬѰͻ
֣㣡
䶷Ļ䣬һеɵվ΢Цų䶷ȭ
ã
䶷ˬһЦ䳡
˵ע£䶷еɵչд裬Զŷἤң˫ûжɱ֮⣬ȫʵѽѷ֡
ʹ죡
Ӻ󣬲ȳʦ̫ڣ䶷еɵŲԼͬͣ
֣оʱͻƻڣڴϲѶ
еɵЦЦȻ䶷һͬ䳡
д裬ʣһ飬дʦ롣ʦ̫״˵
֮ǰͬһΣûӦ
Ϊһԣ䶷ͨѧдѰͻд岻ǸԸ⽫̨ͻˡ
ճȻǰûдȤȥ棿
ۿһû˿һǿףĿͶ˲Զһǿ˿ճ
˶ʮѾͻƻˣϸ˵ֻǿһˣҲ׾սɣ޷Ӧսԭ
ã
ճͷͬ⣬һѧвμӹѧд裬һ˺⻪ѧЭţһѧ᲻μдˣ׷룬Ҳþܾ
˵עУճ䳡д裬׷չʾԵѧ
Уճȭ˴ɣʵ֮ϣд֮ռϷ磬ƽΪԡ
ճ书һǰ־˺ܶ࣬ͻƻָտɴҸʰ·磡
ͬӺ֣ͣϲУͬʱף
Ҳһ
ճ˫ֺʮֵúǫѷ
Ըɣ
ˬһЦԾ䳡
ճ״ֶųʦ̫ʮ
ճɸһս
ȿճ뿪Ϊǿ˵ڣ͵شȵ
ڶǰμӱ컪ѧ֮ǰԶ㶣һҪѧдлֺڵǿˣϴˢԶһѧϰֿܸڤʦĳ衣
ʱڵһʱӦ׳־棬ǺɨΪԼ
ûü㱻طһ٣⵽˴ͬʱбһ޴й
˿̣ճսΪԶָʾҲΪйе
ৡ
һ˲˵Ŀ⣬ճ
ǻڣֻǻڣ޷һս
ճҡҡͷܸɴؾܾڵսȻһֱ뿪䳡

ճĻЩǰûиӦʵӣʱһƬȻ
ȥŵôôҪ
ǣѾˣȴҪսֻлڵĿճⲻ۸𣿡
ٻɵ̲סڣ׷ָ۸˵Ϊ
ЩۣԶΪ׵ˣɫǺѿ
Ϊԣ
ΪԼʦԶϴˢһѧĳ裬ͬʱйеȴû뵽ٴθԼĨڣøԴСǿĶ
ҵ˼ֻûڵʵ
ɵֹ֮ͣΪԼһ䣬ȻսֱӽĿͶ䣬ڵĴˣǻڣɸһս
٣ҪǷڵĻɣСŰԸ
ԭѧдûʲôȤڵĻ˲µ˶Է˼ܸɴӦս
٣ǿȽҽˣ
Ӧս˿ȻЦһһ䳡
Ҵֵط˵䲻ǿ졣
˵ţ䳡һӰٶȼ졣
ţ
һĻͫ׶Ȼ
һ֣֪ûС
ͨٶȣжϳʵ෴Ӧ֮ϣ
ѧд裬ӡ֤ڵĲ²⡣
顪
֮ڱһȭؿڣ˵ɶݺݵ䳡ϣһƬǱǻѪ˿
䲻һȭڻɣһڣ
ŵļһûҴֵطʵͲҪװᰤġ
ЦеؿһۣȻֱת뿪ûжԳʦ̫
Ц
طĺֵܣʦ̫طгôܸʦ̫
ȥıӰƵ˼㣬վд裬ǸôĻ䱬ʱܻ޷ָˣӶѧ֮·Ȼֹ
ܲ
ԣǧ㲻ʣҲֻܼнͣټĸԸؽ硣
٣ſڱտط磬޵һҲ첻ڣҾԵ߸ѧ֪ͳͳͣ
С̲ס³ˣڹֻĵȴӶطֻ֣Լһûе˷ͷ²ˬ˵
ò˵ͨط磬˺ܺõЧ
ɲǼ䣬ٴνĿͶٴγΪ˽㣡
ڻ˱𣿡
˵ע£Сֱһû˱ԣһϵȫϳһ˴ȫ


1388 εȵĿ
ΪǿˣСѹûн쵽һŷУҪһ˺ɨȫϵţ
⡭ǺεȵĿ
ңһС˵Ӵʱ졣
ΧһЩʵСߣĤĶ۷ڡԴѣΣվȣ̱ڵϡ
Сӣʲô
СӣδҲ̫˰ɣ
һЩ곤߿ԼµӵķӦС൱ȫСݣѵ⡣
Ǹû뵽µĵô
һѵ⣬СȻڵǸ֮価ǰǸоͷ·ָЩ˵µĵôμѧʲôô
СĻشСǸ߸ϵӣɵӣ޵Щϵš
һ̣ǺǿƻӦСȻϳСԾֵĲСĶ֡
ΪҪǣֻСҲδؾһʵ顣
һĻطüͷһ׼ڡ
Ȼ
ʱվڲԲӥȿˡ
Сһս
ӥضСѡӦս
㣿ʸ𣿡
СЦӥĿ⣬Ǿڸϡ
˾֪
ӥӦһŭ֮ˣһ̣ٻǱСŭˡ
ǡȫϵһ֣һеȤһˣʵڴȤ
СЦֱӵӥȻȻŰҲԸ
ৣ
һΣӥû˵ʲôֱ䳡
طĻӥͬǵá䲻ǿ졣
һĻطԥһ£ûѡ֡
Ϊ֪ʱѡֵĻǶӥĲأҲӥӥ֮Ķҡ
Ը⿴ġ
οݳ㿪ڣӥҲδػὫֵĻø
ѧд裬ӥСҲˣΣա
һ£ֻСٱQһᣬӥУٳ֡
Ҫ˵۸㣬ֻһֻ֣ܵһУСӴ֮ڻѧٲ
С״ͬһ·ƾһ䳡ٴοڡ
̫ˣ
ٴСĻһߣһЩһߣΪСʵ̫ſˡ
Ѿѧдˣǵӥɽɣ
ӥݺݸ
ԷŭѣԵĻȥС
û
ֻǻڣԶСĶ֡
ӥ֣»СҲʡ
˸̫ˣӥֵܣѵ
ҲŭˣǲˬСɣҲڸӥ
СǱд裬ɲҪʧɱ˶֡
żԺĻ£ʦ̫ˣƳ⣬һ΢Цı飬ȫڰСӥ
Ǵʦģ޷ţˣ޷վš
С΢ЦӦȻĿɨӥ׼ô
£СڵѪ˲ڣͬ˳һڹµϢ˲䱬ͬһͷԶѣɢǿ󡢿µϢ
ﬣ
ӦСһ졣
ӥһз˱ʣʻһâСٶȼ죬֮ȫиγһմ
ž
ӥȻһ壬˵ضҵļСٶ˲£ƾˡ
Ȼ
һУС㲻ɽʺХ
ʼСʱԴ΢΢һƫ׾ٵض㿪ˡ
ৣ
ʱ
׹Хӥڼٱ֮Уз˱ȻС綾߷ѸͶ꣬˷ʤ
񷣡
һӥֱӶˡɽռɱУԢΪһ̳Խ̳һ
һӥںϣﵽ˽˽һ״̬
˼ˣ
һγ˽⣬СĽлƿһ磬һ
δ
Ȼ
͵ӥеıС˲䣬΢΢һ࣬ӥһ̿ա
һ¶Сٶȿ쵽˼£ںܶУӰͣԭء
ã
ߵӥһʱ˲ԾʶΣգѴ̳޷ջء

·Ϊӡ֤ӥжƵģСڶֻƣһӥĺģٶȿ硣
顪
һ죬ӥСһУͬеİһ㣬ڷɶ
ۡ
ڿУӥѪھʧأ౻ˣһѪһƬѩס
һơ
Сֻһƣشӥ
ڳ󲿷˶ɴ۾Ǹо·𲻸һģ
ţ
žž
ӦǵǳصĽŲ
ӥǿżƵķգǿӿѪסΣûԼˤڵأҡΣϢ΢ٲȻʧȥս

ͬʱСȻһʤߵĵЦݣٴοӥȻ󲻵ӥӦŤͷɨϯٴοؽ
Ҹղ˵ϵߣһϣһ˴ȫ
ûлӦ
䵱šֵǿˣǼԺ˶ûп
ȻǺ޲ȥѵС֪ڵӥסСһУȥ˱С֮⣬ûκ塣
һֻ̣ŭĿСûпڣҲûκξٶ
һ⡣
ط硣
ȺУǰһ
һС
Сˣ
һĻ޺գвԼͬðһ仰




1389 ʮŲһ
СҲδ̫˰ɣ
ʱԲȻĿӥջأŭĿС
ԲʦѾˣĻѾˡ
ŭĲԲСûһη壬һ޿֣֮лżּ
һУΪǿ֮⣬Ϊ֪Բûͻƻ۷塣
һ£²ԲһŭΪӣսҲȻ壬ǻ

ԲûһԶԡ
ΪӥСʵ̫ϸ˵Сȷûɱ֡
Բʦϳһս
С״Цһͼ׼ŭԲȻԲܣ
ԸĻɫԲʦ֣
Ȼ
ȲԲӦط翪ˣûиԲڻᡣ
ΪͨСղӥ֣óСӵп羳һսʵҿԻһĻ۷ʦ
֮⣬ܹСѪʢ˼£Խ˻ڵļޣпͻƻ۷塪ԲС֣ʤС
СԲˣڲԲ֮ǰڣصظıԼ
Сشӥ֮ʱûеһʱ俪ڣҲΪ˱˻ʵݡ
ǿƻӦ硭
Щطеıǣ
ৡ
ɲǼ䡣
˶ԼͬؽĿͶط磬Ŀг𾪣
ô
ǵģ
Сչֳʵǿƻӥ֮ΪߵӦս̬ȸǿƣٲȻһδСӡ
֮࣬һЩϤطˣ˫Ϥ۾Щɡ
㲻Ķ֣Ҫ嶯ȻͷҼطʰ
ʱˣȻ죬ҲϣϳСᡣ
Ļ䡢ӥͼڣЩϤطˣ׷״еĻɡ
˲ط磡
ԺСѾͷȥǸط磬ʱս⣬ԸܹסʮУ䣡
СЦһǻӦ
ֳ֡Ϊֵѣ죬һ˽Ŀͽ֪ˡĵѧ͵ˣ
طŲͣһߣһ߿ڣ󣬵ȴֳÿһ˵ĶС

ʵС
ط֪ⷬطݵĴ޺֮⣬ʢڤʦȾǿڣһĺ档
ǵȻҲյʵǶҡ˽⣬ΪСѾ˽Ȼ۷ʦжǿߵʵ
Ƕ棬οС

䳡ϣСЦЦһ㣬ЦԺСĺܺ棬˭˵ʧķ裿
ৣ
һΣطûлش䳡ıԵȻһֱӽ䳡վ˾Сʮ׵ĵط
ѽȭ͹̩ȭطںϣڻͨԼѪطԿԼʵϢȻ¶˻ڵϢûб¶ʵʵ
ǡҵСˣû뵽㻹è򣬲ͬǰ˵վԭҽŲŲ֣䣡
طٶȻСеЩ⣬ԣֵһᣬٴǰ˵һС
˵䲻ǿ죬ķϻ̫ˣ
طӦȻĿͶʦ̫ȴʦ̫ѧдָʾ
Ȼʦ̫һٶľٶвˬҸղŰСӥľٶ̲ס֡
պɵĶܱ¶ݣʶûжԳʦ̫¶˿ĵ⣬Ǹ˱ء
ɼΣСĶ֣
ǰ嶯֮ϳֻᱻС裡
ͬʱ۷ʦ̲סۣȸ̾طҲΪطеϧ
Ϊ˵ͨطղ䳡ٶǾãطûϣС
һϣûУ
ǣڤʦʦ޵ǿߣҲͬ뷨
Ψд޺С˵ĿȻ෴ͬʱڴѧд辡쿪ʼ
С֪ô
䳡ϣСЩŭˣطֱǳ˪
Сȷʵ𣬸øһҵĽѵɱˡ
ʦ̫ٴοˡ
Ϊŵ̬ȣἰط磬ΪˬͼСһҵĽѵ
طԣüͷһ
õģǴʦһ֮ǰ˵һ̻ȥ
СЦŵͷȻĿͶط磬ѪٴηڣµϢٴӿ֡
Գˡ
СĻʦ̫ٷϻһΣ˼ط˵
СְɣΨһֵܹĻᡣ
С˵ƽﵽ۷壬ֶٲȻһӵ̬
ط粻ٷϻջĿ⣬С
ǵģ
һ̣ûѸ͵ٶȶС֣ɢһա
Ϊܱ¶ݣҪȫͬս
ΪСȺաԡӥҽӥشҪķʽСˣ
ʲô
һĻ֪طݵաʹ޺ڣ˶һ¡
ûд𰸡
طţŲᣬûзκȫҪѧдӡ
һ
һһס
Ŀ֮£طС
Сڸʲô
طʮ岽Сֻ׵ʱСֱϷˣĸоʵ
ûлش
طǰ
쵰Ϸˣң
طڶʮ˲Сױŭһȡ
Ϸˣô
ž
ӦСһ졣
طڶʮŲ
һƴµש˲ѣɽ
ৣ
һط绯ΪƣһС
٣
СһϷŰЦݣֱۣǰֱ֮ھӿ׼طֹǡ
顪
žҵײСϵϷЦ˲̡
Ŀ֮¡
һɿµ÷ͬƵڿдת
Ա֮ʩ
ʮŲط˦һơ
ȫһƬţ


1390 ֱķ
СԴӳڻѧֳ֮ʼտԴŴοڳԣղŻڳ
СĻ˵ǡҵСˣû뵽㻹è򣬲ͬǰ˵վԭҽŲŲ֣䣡
˿̣ӴһһƽСɡ
ֽȻķ𺳣ֱ޷ݣ
⡭ôܣ
СͬƵڿдתԸɵţǳϡţǵԲ۾һţ
Ҫ֪СǿˣǻȫѧţʵǿޱȣҸղŽֻһбشɽɵǿӥ
ֻǺ⻪ѧĬĬߣ
˫֮ǰǶΪûһʤ㡣
ǵġ
һʤ㶼Сذɣ
˿̣ǸĬĬȴСһķɣ
⡭ܲ𾪣
ৣ
ͬʱǵζߵĳʦ̫䴺ĵңɫ˲䣬ϵ𾪱Щɵ˶ԣֱй֮޲
Գʦ̫ԣʱ䴺йõĻ䣬֪䴺ʱǿҲʶĿֲ
ΪˣСֵöôſΪСпʱΪСǾ仰һ˴ȫϵţ
СղһشӥҲӡ֤жϣ
һУΪСǸصСһҵĽѵͬʱСҪɱˡ
Ҷԣκ˶֪Сǿ
СղУҲΪһڵߣһƽСķɣ
ƻõĸо
ô
֪ݵĴ޺պϣûһ𾪡
һ㶼ûУ
ΪǿղºֵĻСͲǱôˣǻ
ǵģ
ΪǸʼվȫѧ˿ڵ꣬Կ
ô
Сڿֹͣ˷׹档
ӳſӡ
ϣǰ˶Ϊ֮еĿ
˿̣ǷݿѾȡ
£һضط磬ĿгŲţ
ţǸ֮ǰһڵ꣬һƽɣ
෴ǸһֻҪֱۣᱻۼֱϵھˣֹѣ
ţ
ৣ
һ̡
С˻عطһΣ·˲һ㣬˲СҪصĵطͼСصĻᣬٴζС֡

ʱСӾлعһȣŭ
Ҫ֪ӳڻѧῪʼ㽫Ժ⻪ѧЭϣ費˵֮ǰǺˡ֡Ļ
һƳɣ
һƣδκƣĵ˺󣬽Ϊǿ˵Ľϳ÷飡
һУŭ
ȳСͬӥʳһ㣬£Ѫ·ȼһ㣬µھӿ˫֣˫ֳצ״

ھӿ˫צӣ
Ÿ֮ƣ˫ֻצȻץطԴ
飡
һץǡеʽΣצץ֡
ҵһȭΪԴ˵еޡޱȵΪΣں˻ĹŴѧ书֮кǿǿľ;໥ڻ㣬ȱһɣศɡ
֮⣬ҵһרΪ书ҵڹķдܹչ书ǿѪط
ڹķ߶ѪطӳɣӶžѧ
˿̣С洫еġ顯Σҵ⣬·Ļһȥ顣
طԴ飡
һץСںϣ̺µŭɱ⣬ƿֲ
һץκαֱ洫ڹķ߶һѪطףƱҪһץطԴץϡã

С˫ץ֮˺ѣγɾ磬ɨط硣
Σգ
Сŭ֮£洫ѧʢڤʦʦ޵ˣȴӾлعоǵһץ֮¡
ǿСղűɣеԵʣ˿̣Сȫʵóɱﵣѵֵ
ǼҲˣ
ͬʱҺͳʦ̫ϵʧӰ٣ȡ֮Ц
ͬʢǿһΪСȫƾһŤתƣս
ǶˣοСԼ

С˻ϸЦǸо·Ѿط类ץԴĻ档
Ȼմ涨ѧд費ɱˣղųױŭˣʶֱɱ֣
Ȼ
һ̡
СϵЦٴ̡
ΪطС˫ּץ˲䣬С޷ٶȣ΢΢ƼΪյضһץ
Σգ
һץգСеһǰδеΣգë̼

Σ֮ʣСƾǿսܣȻŤҽ˳߳һڿ˦β͡
˦β
ò˵СȻδɱսǿޱȣΣաؼʱ̣ȷĹ
һţ޷ط磬ҲɻΣνԹء

ɲǼ䣬СҽŽűű֮ھӿѸ͵طԴľ磬ͬһ̹ǡ
Ȼ
С˹졢һţطûаľš
ֻСԴʱ˰벽
Ͱ벽
̶̰벽ȷرܿСĹСĽż⣬һ׵ǰգΪκ˺

ܹط磬Ȼһ֮£׷С˳ٴλƣСĺ󱳣Ȼ£
Сι޷ʹУ޷ֻط¡
顪
طһСĺ󱳣ھŷǿ˲乥Сھһ
䡪
һ죬Сһʺķʽݺݵ˵ϡ
ڶơ
ط罫Сķڵأ




1391 죬ˣ
طһƣһƵ޼Сɵ˺ȴҪöࡣ
ΪСڱ֮ǰáУȫգܹ֮ʱھԶһôǿ
£Сſڵϣµשͳͳѣ˫˫ϥ·שˣשĵ涼ҳĸӣ֪ղһ˶
һ̣ڵѪĺ棬ӿھҲЩҡ
󱳵·飬ĴһɫӡѪҲѪ
ղţȻƾھǿӲطһƣЩ΢δսʵԵӰ죬ҲһѪӿ
һߣط粢δ׷Ǹֶ·ڵС

һĻ֪ݵĴ޺պ֮⣬һδסˡ
˵һƳСֻǾȵĻôʱ˿̣ǳױˣ
Ϊʢڤʦʦ޵ڵˣΪСһʼ˿̶ܴΪ¡չֳʵδ֮ϡ
νһǵһǡ
СڳԿ̬֮ŭ֮£洫ѧ
һ£Ϊ޷ֵ
Сգֱӱķڵء
ǵ𺳣Զ֮ǰɱȣ
һ̣ԭأһϳŲ˼ı飬ͬһľ
⡭ôܣ
ͬʱ볾ʦ̫˳ɵˣǵɴ۾ͬһſڵϵСȫһɻռݡ
ǲţҲ޷ܣСڶ洫ѧȻǸķʽķڵأ
ô
ֵܣúã
ӦҺͳʦ̫ǼԵĴ
֮ǰСεһķʽشӥŭ£޲ϳС̷κΪʵ㣬㡣
˿̣ķСǴ˼Ѫһ㣬۸ߺǿڶ׳ˣͷͨ
գգ
ҲǱˬֻһĻԡ
ӥûпڣĿ⣬Ÿм
һˣڱԼĸ飬һ֪ͼ
Բۣ
ͬʱĳλСɵֱԼ顣
Ȼо̷Ҵˣ
Ҳδ̫˰ɣ
СߵĻڣֳ߷׷
ֵ䣬ֵطֵܣ
ʱŴţȫ˺⻪ѧЭᶫǷ᳤ֻɽǰĶ㵸Ǹо·ķС
ȻҼط˵㣬Ҳգ
ҲˣŮԵǳǰȰ裬ȫԤϡչֳʵȣȻᶨطһ޵еĴڣ
ˣʵС
һߣĳλеɵţҲ̲סˣʳеɻҲڳ󲿷еɻ
ɱ顣
ʢڽأض·𿴵ǸӰӣо˸ʵƱСһЩɱʵ̫ḻˣÿһܿƾգʵǡôܱܿ˲СС޷ֻӲ
ԭˣ
ʢĻЩɻǻȻ
Сò˵Ĳɱͼɳҵ󣡡
·Ϊӡ֤ʢжƵģĻ£СסѪھһͦվ
ıɭĿ絶һ㶢ط磬һһһ㣬ھǰνļɺ;ûκ壡
סֵطĻ䲻ǿ졣
طԣֱӻ
֪ô
СԣŭһڵѪ·ȼƵģ˵ٴϢ֮ǰӵǿ£
ŭ˵ͨ죬Ҫĳ
СģҪҡռɱСףҪӲƴ
һĻʢɫ΢΢һ䣬ֱӿѡ
ΪѧЭĻ᳤ͻѧľǿ֮һ֪һеҲڼʮǰ䴺дʱУشѧ֮·

ˮ½
ɱУʩչ˲䱬ױȵں˷еľ裬ӵг֮ĺ޵ɱвݣ
ৣ
ʢĻټֳ˴޺պ֮⣬˶ͳͳɫ
ųѵУ
ѧ缸ǧ꣬ﱻһһߴ̣ߵجΡ
û뵽СȻѧджſֲµɱУ
ֻѧд裬Ըд裬ھͿֹ
˱ɫͬʱʢٴοˡ
ıеޣϣѧд䣬򽫳Ϊѧʧ
ʢղңֹд裬ô
Сʢһŭµֱʢ
ʢüͷһδСðǿֻҪԸֹֹͣС
СֹͣҲδɣ䣬ʮΣ
Сָͽɫһֿ˵Ŀ⿴ط磬г޵е
ǡɱдģ
죬ˣ
ط绺ڣȴ쳹ȫ
̶̰֣̬ȡ
ɾҪƵУС¡򵽻




1392 ƣҴ˰ܣ
᳤Ҳӣ֪
طĻСŭЦڻӦʢ
һΣûֱʢĴǺܿسƺΪ᳤ȥѾٷŭһɭЦݣſµɱ⣡
СĻܵСǳɱ⣬ʢɫӵؿųϵƣԥһ£ûٿڡ
ѾѹˣȻԸ֣ͣҲȨǿֹⳡѾıʵѧд衣
ͬʱ˷׷ʶСǶɱ㶯áռɱСɱ
Եס˵еġ𣿡
һ󣬳˴޺պ֮⣬˶̲סԼ
ǿȻ֮ǰֳ˳ǿʵ𾪵ķʽƳ鷭Сɱڻѧʷʵ̫ˡ
ǿѾ֤Ҳ¡ųѵСĴ˵ˣ
СҵռѧҲ޷ƿһСɱ㣬ֻܵԩˡ
Ӧ˵С㿪ڣΪ˸߰ʢڵˡҪ֣޷ƷɱҲң
ò˵С˿֮⣬ҲգԭԼɱȴˮøط磬Ӷº󱻴ί鷳
˵䣬СϵƻϢԽԽֲ֮⣬첲ȫһƬͨ죬ͬһɫĻ¯
ΡϢˣ
찡ѵʵ𣿡
СĻ䣬һ
˵ľУطڵѪͬڣɢաȵϢ
߶غ͡ȭطء
Сͽ͵
СҲطı仯δеľһЦе޵ҡ
£ƴﵽۣǰһ
һΪڳߣܿ塣
ž
촫Сµש˲ըɽש֮µĵһĽӡ
ţ
һĻطüͷ΢΢һΪСᷢѸ͹ƣû뵽СȻԼ
СӹȻҪ÷󣡡
ͬʱ޵̲סڵ
Ϊĵľǿ֮һ֪ͬҲɱе˿̼Сƶһ۱ϳˡ

ʩչʱһɽƶ磬֣Ȼڶ¶©ʱһѸͳֲ֣һ
ž
ž
ž

·Ϊӡ֤޵ĻƵģСǰÿһܻƴש׷ըͬӵɨһɨķ
֮⣬СĲƵ˿Ĺ񣬵໥ӣԽԽ󣬵䳡ԱʱӶڲԵĲζֹЩ豭ֱӱ𷭣ˮһ
һ̣СһǰУ·ǧڳһ㣬죡
£
ŻǰС쳹ʵĽŲܵСµƣЩߣһЩɵšϣǶǵһμʶ󣬱ɱеĿסˣ
Ȼ
䳡ϣطıȴͬһڿݾһ㣬ֻǰ۲š
󣬲ˣ
ܿģطһµ˷ص;裬ڣȻһΣһֱС
Ȼ֪ԷԲӦ䣬ȴԷ֣ٳл⣬ѡ񣬵û
ΪҪǿơԵķʽСܣ
ˣ
һĻڤʦڣ֪صĿڤʦ޵ʦʢͳͳаá
ǿƾḻĲɱ飬ܿСķâϣȡʤġ
˿̣óȻС»ܣΣգ

ȻһĻЦѣھ̵ͬĺˮкӿѪںϣһӿұۣȭ
ž
Сһ̤䳡·ڻζ䳡⣬Щ׷ױڵأ豭ˤϴ
䡪
СȭζӭźХط磬һȭǰĿֱըһֲľ磬ΧשƬХɨط硣
һȭڹķ߶ѪطھѪϣӿµںľ̺޵еγһɿµȭ⡣
һ̣һͷ磬ȭ纣
ȭ⣬ȫط֣·ڸط磬ӵĺǣһȭ
һȫ˻ߵļޣȻ۷ʦеĶǿһڳ˱ɫ
顪
ɲǼ䣬ЩשƬطϣֱӱ÷顣
ৣ
Хط˫̽Բγһ̫ͼһ޴ḥ̂ӭСȭ
ȭռɱ
ɱ
â
һ̣ط綯þ洫ѧȭռɱУԺ䷨
ž
ططתϵϢȻһ䣬ֻƣһкХȭѾײһ𣬾һɿµľ磬ƾˡ
ȭƷ룬ط˲䱻ͨ졢
СһȭƿֲطƣȭҲ
Ȼ
ΪطƻСȭƫԭйδܻط磬ǴطһХ
ৣ
ʱ
طϢȻٴһ䣬תתѪٴηڣֻΪһնСұۡ
飡
һ̡
ͬʱطֵݺݵնСұϡ
ꡪ
СһұӦϣѪھ˲ʧءҡ
ž
Ȼ
СӦطһǰѸҼ˳һͬһɽһײС
˼ɽ
ըף
䡪
촫СȾѪɶͬߵķݡ
ƣҴ˰ܣ


1393 ²̫
ƽС鷭֮ǿƻѧǧġ󡯣նСֱۣһɽײС
һУͬξһ㣬ó֪ʵݵĴ޺պ֮оˣһĲš
ǵɴ۾һȾѪɳСǸо·ʣ⡭ôܣ
ô
ۡ
Ӧ˵Ѫ
еСұ۹ͷϣƤһѪģţұؿ߹ͬѣѪȾؽ󡪡ǱطնֱۣȻײұǰ߹ǡ
֮⣬Сھʧأ羪ŵС¹һ㣬Ĵײײ˺ľ࣬ˡ
һѪɫ԰ֽްſеֻǾ
ǣҲû뵽ԼڶҾѧռɱз֮ȻǸ֮ǰһĴڣ
ǣܹԼƼΪأǸǸղҪɱֵĻɣ
֮࣬ʧȥ˶ĿƣͬߵķݣӸߴƮ䣬׹档
ͨ
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ˣСشӥֵܣղŸҪռɱлɱֵܡУû䣬෴ѧд֮ǰĶСֵһʹĽѵҲˣ̬Ⱥǲ
ǣΪˣΪС˵ӣ͵˵棬ƫ̻һͬʡ
ԲҲˣӥܸС޻˵ʦ̫ΪЩջ
Բһսô
ԲĻʹ˳ʦ̫ʱףɱ죬ŭĿŲԲ
ʦ̫ѧд֮ǰûйĶСһҵĽѵСɱҪɱҵʱ򣬿ֹд裬ô˿֣ͣҺ޶
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ʦ̫ױŭµɱͬɽһ㣬Ȼӿ֣ط磬Ǹо·طٸ˵֣Ҫڽطɱ




1394 򵥴ֱǿƻӦ
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컪ѧίΪ˸Э췽üӣǵû׷ʦ̫ڿĻʽطΪһóʦ̫ѧдĶˣʦ̫˼ݣȻвҪɱʢס
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ãȰ侲
Ҳˣ䲻֪ط絽ʲôϵȻֵܣôʦ̫ҶһָͷطԲġ
١ΪطǸС
ԺĻʦ̫ЦװǻƵ֮ǰ˵ԼûһὫһΪ

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Ϲ֪һٶ֣ŭɶսԼֽڴˣսԼһȭס
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֪ĶطС飬Ȼ㡣죬ʦŹ̹ܽܽ㣬ϰ׵ĵ
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ʦ̫д̣һ֮˵طǰΪһֽնطұۡ
һֽ⣬ȴǡüкպɱСɨȺħԢΪһնȺħ
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һ̣ʦ̫ͬ·Ҫħ

һĻԼԡΪһߣǲԲһߣ𾪶ǡ
𾪣ΪǶû뵽ΪüţѧҪ֮һĳʦ̫ȻһԲϱһ֣
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ʦ̫ҽһ֮ͬǰһȾѪɶ
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1395 һ㱩
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ЩһߣȻ񼧰ԺһڣҲǰԱˬΪʦ̫ȫǾȡ
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ۡ
𼧰ԺĻԭ˵ĳʦֱ̫ӱٴ³һѪȻ󾪺Թ޵صط磬㡭ղõطǸС书㵽˭
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ʦ̫ԣûһٴǣ˿ڣһѪ
طһս̩ɽۣ֮ǿƽһɱʦ̫ʵǿ󣬲ֶԼطսԼ˽֪
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ۡ
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1396 δ᳡
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ʮǻڣҽԽ˻ڵļޣʱͻƻ۷塣
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һڣ淢ֻԼһ˿ڣط˾ǿ䡢һЦеı飬һĬԵӥҲǿЦ⡣
֣ʱৡһºˣȻ󾪻ʧվεҡȥˣġ
£ܾС¹һ㣬ӳ˰ᡣ
һĻ䡢Ժӥˣط籾ˣ¶ꡣ
ֵܣǷˣ㻹ԸԸ⣿
뿪ȿڷʣӸ𸴡
ںһ׻Ƶһѧ֯Ҵȫѡ˶ʮѧ츳ĺӣ׼Ǵѧط˵Լİš
ֵܣô飬ֻҪͿˣ
ֱӴطĻüĿ֮ż
ӥȻ
֮࣬Ƕһ㡪õĽ׻Ƶ־Իȫ




1398 ֶ
ڶ죬Ըɡҵ½뿪üɽׯɶüɵŵӸ񶼻Ǹվ
Ϊ˴δüӴ˵ĲϼûλԱĹг֡˶üɡ
һ棬컪ѧѧдһУɳʦ̫ܡɱطĻһȻǸֻǰ꣬ôڶ̶̲ʱʦǶˣ
һ棬ʦ̫شҪڳʦ̫Խз̡
ҹĻ٣üԶյһƬŵոѹ֡
˲ϼ⣬еĵӶڸԵķ߶ŭĳʦ̫Ӷͷ
ڳʦ̫Ĳϼľս
վڷһ䣬ؿʦ̫ûڤһϣʧ󴦰ɴͷͬɴ
ܳʦ̫öüеҩֹѪɴȻմѪ
ʦʦǸʲôͷʵôôǿ
ţţϼ̲סڴ˷İʳеɻ
ң˭
ʦ̫Ӧ
⣡
ʦ̫ĻϼŵͷһȻԥһ£ֵʦʦһָоǸط磡
ţ
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ʦǲط磬ΪҶŹ
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ϼһʱȻ˿ɿ뿪˷䡣
֪ұ˴ŭôΪұô
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һ޴գס¹ǹ⣬Ű·һҪ١
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һУֻΪ¶ѵ֪ѧһСǿС˴ˣ
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䴺û֣һһŵ棬̧ͷ
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طðģעˡ
䴺ʣͳֱ̣
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һУС֮⣬Ϊش˳ʦ̫䴺Ůˣ
䴺û˵ʲôֱ뿪˷䣬ȻСס
ֻСԼϣұѾø̶ְǰ˿Ҳ⴦ͿĨͷ洫ҩ
ҩǿЩ˶ָֻҪһʱ䡣
үү
ۿ䴺СҪ
СŰɡ䴺˰֡
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СնĻ䴺һЦѩܵĻСԼ
һ̣үҲû뵽ǵľζʲô
ֶ




1399 ɱɷŹ
ŷޣΪڰܾݵǸϵĳǱ
ڰʦ÷塢ϰ²˺֮˶ٴһá
һУֻΪǶ֪˻ѧһС
÷ˣ²˳ϣôѧ飿Ǹпǻطô
Ĵ˶ȿڣʳеɻ
˵ѧһ֮󣬵һӦ𾪡ѧôðһµǿߣ
𾪹󣬱ǻɡ
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йǸʾͬطһûʦţֻһ˵еʦˣȫѧ磬ûˣ
ΪǻطĿԲ󡣡
²ȿڣ˵ԼĿһݻѧһķͻط绹кܴͬԶطǰǿƣһߣûлɱǿ˺ͳʦ̫Ǻߣʦ̫йսԼġ
ڶԻط׶һսչֳʵ뻪طʵ಻С
ৣৣ
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еϢ޷׼ȷжϣһжֻǲ²⡣
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÷ˣǽô죿Ҫ𣿡
˶ٴʵȻ󲻵÷ش𣬱˵ԼĽ飬ҵĽɱɷŹǿȽط磬ôﵽǵĿģط磬Ҳ̫Ӱ졣
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²δڣҲɻؿ÷塣
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ô죿ѵһֱҸ׳𣿡
˶Щʱ䲻ˣǿҵĽȸкΣС
ط׶ɱ̿˵ɱ֣ٴ˴̿˵ƣ̿˲޶ԣǿô̿ȳΪ̽·Ȼƶʩ÷˵Լ뷨
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²˵ͷ̿˽ʧܣ棬ƣֲɳǿߣ޷ﵽЩĿġطȻ¬л̿˵۷ǿɱ׵顣
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ƵУһźɫֵӣɿɭ㱨š
Ǵ̿鱨ĳԱ֮һΪ̿˵ɱռһжϢɱܹ˳ɰɱ
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ͬʱҲףɭ̿˵ƶ˾״һϵɭɭȻȫԸΪһϵз񡢲б

·˹
Ϊ֯СȣٴߵıԼүүϯߡ֯ƶߡ
ȣΪ˻طҵƵˡϯ߼ȣЦŴȤ
үүΪڻѧϴʵǲǻط磿
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һϷֻһǣһʱҲֻһǣԹˡ
ϯ߻ڣΪȽ

ȻгɻүүƾʲôôţǸδ׳ɳĻط磬ھԵе£ΪʱΨһǣ




1400 ٴ뾩
ʱһ񶼷ྩĿͻ׼ʱؽྩʻȻʻָͣλ
ܿͻˣɺ⻪ѧЭе
Զŵĵ֮⣬⻪ѧЭͳͳ޺ྩ׼ѧЭᡢ֯ΪĲιۡȻྩ뿪ģظڵĵط
ŵûвμӣΪŴڴ˴λѧе֡
Ż֡ڵǿˣѧ棬ڲλǰܡ裬ѧдԻڵʵսڵִˣΪЦǱǿƻܣ޴档
ֽȻķڱ˽ܲˣҲŵ˽ܲˡŵ˶ûڻˣʶ˻ǰϸۣȻϸת
ɻ֮ͣ󣬻Ŵ򿪣ʢպʹ޺ˣ˾Ȼ»
طȺ󷽣ߵŴţ
񶼷ྩ;УŴţһֱͣؽط飬ԼطĹϵǶôɮһ㣬߶߶ûûˣطԴԶԣ޷𴩣ֻܼװĿ
Ϊ˻ӭ⻪ѧЭĵѧЭ᲻ʳ޺Ͳιг̵ȣһ˽ӻ
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ȺУ˻ѧЭĳԱ֮⣬ΰҲС
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ĵʱطʢպʹ޺һУڣѧЭĸ᳤һʱӭ
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ΪˣڻѧЭľͷǲİʢܣԷʺѡ
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һֱΰŴɣΪƷвΪʢӣҲûĸǿԸΪӡ
Ϊˣһֱܿգ˵ڻѧϴʣʶ⡣

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ΰԣֹطǼᶨı飬ֽߵĻʻ˶ӣһƵߵʢԣͷҴһ
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һΣԼˣ




1401 ؼ
Ϧ£طһʿྩ½Ժ³
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ĸļҾڴԺ֮Уȴܹؽ룬ݶԡ
ݵĻ޷صġ
мҲܹ顣
кܲζ

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طԣСʱõĸ׿佱һ㣬죬ɵЦţȻѩµĲˣ½˳
㡣
ӺѩҲ˳ߣӣѾȶˣ绰ء
á
طԣͷͬ⡣
Ҳвˡˣֻܰϴˡ
ѩ˵ţžӿֳһĨΣȥЩ˼
û£ժˡϴ˾СطЦá
ûжϴĻڻѧһ˵㡣
ѩһϴˣһ˵
ڹȥȻûеõطκϢڻȫѧһЩشָƣѧһС
š
طͷϣѩܹ뵽һ㲢е⡣
үү˵Ϊ֯ƻκֲӵɽǿҪ潫µ顣һΣүүûӦһϣ
ѩٴοڣ˵һ룬ȴʶԾû˵ȥ
Ϊ˵ؽӦӦó䵱ƻĺ˵ĽɫΪطԩ
Ѿ֪ˡ
үүûʱطв˵Ķͣһ£΢΢һ䣬ָֻܿвˡ
죿
Ȼط¶쳣һţǱѩ㲶׽ˣתƻ⡣
ѧЭĻ죬һûж뿪طʵ˵
Ҫȥϸ̸һ⣬Ȼٴ죬һ绰Ǣ̸ƺ󡣡ѩ
ãȥæ¡طҡҡͷ
ðɡ
ѩԣ΢ԥһ£ջǵ˵ͷ
Ϊ֪һֱط綼ԸӰҵ
ңط͵͵ؼҵģ컹Ҫ»صݣһҪμӻ档
С磬ߵһ
Ӻ˵Ϊ˱֦û˵飬ֻ˵ѩˣһԷ
õģ衣
طЦŻӦȴףĸǵͨᱻ
ѩ㣬ȥɣһ˿Ը㶨
طߣ׼æ¶ѩ˵Ȼƴؽĸᡮϡ˳
ߵӣط׼ʱ˺һҽ˶˵˲ϣ׼ȥƹþơ
֡
ͬʱŵٴ
һˡ
һ˵ţһŶ롣
طͣ½Ųת
ž
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֡
طȿڣȻЩ˻ơ
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£ط˵ʲôȻת᣺ӻô˵һ
ҡ
ֻ˵һ֣㽫Ļ˻ȥ
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ؿǸһӵˣ档
Լǲöӿᡣ


1403 תô
ҹĻ٣ƻ綹ྩ½Ժ¥һƬ
˵ǼԺʵɲʮ¥ɣǲרΪ׳ṩס
סĽ¥س˻Ц
طһҾһһԷһ죬ڡ
Ȼ
ʱţԽԽԽ࣬Ц֮١
Сᣬȥ
ط縸˺ƿ׾֮˼⣬ҲˣŤͷ
ǵԽԽˣȻҪŶӺѩڲ̣
ᴵӵۣüĿ֮ȴӿЦݡ
ЦгҸζ
ӶûǳԷˣ
ⶰ¥ûˣ
֪
ֻ֪ӽķ˺ܺóԣ׼ϱƯ
㡭ˣȥ鷿顣
ӵѵ⣬Щ˼ͷȻطС磬ҳһ֧
õģ֡
طȻû񫣬Ҽ̣ûоܾס
ǻ𣿲ԵĻҸѩʰˡҪȥ鷿̣æʵ
Ĳ˶ˣĻܳԵĽȥ㲻ҪգһҪٺȼһһ˵
ðɣȥŪˡ
ƽʱȻǲ̫ģһϲӣǵûֵú֧֡
̣Ұ㡣
ѩ˵ţһ߽ͬ
طǸ߽鷿
ҪһֱĻͲҪˡ
̣붪طһ֧ԥһ¡
żһ֧Ӱ졣
طЦҡҡͷǰϵĻΪȼ̣ȻԼȼһڣδΣֱ˳ȥ
֣ҿ㸴Ժ񫳤˲٣ҪһЩ⣬̫үµ׺ҲҪҴǵķϰÿСʱһСʱͿԣϣӭŵһĨϼ
ط̺ٴοѵ
ʵطӾ̫үµغضǿ¸ĸ䣬ֻϰҲżĺô
á
һ֡
ʵϣ̣;״̬⣬Ϊط£һĬԵδ˵Եɡ
˵طȴ
֣Բ𣬶ӲТǵߣĵ
طǰһ̻ң˵
ȡ
ȻطĻӶȻһȻǺһ¡
ƹ£˫ٴη죬ˮۿתҪ
ǱǺģΪļУӴûʽضԼ˵Բ֡
δй
෴ڶȥ֮ǰǣÿ˴£ϴ
УһΣӵԺĻϣñӳ򣬴ûѪӡӣӶϴֱӼۣһѶ±ӣһӡ
Ǵ֮Ҳûжһָͷ
¶ӷҲһԣֻʱ䲻˵
Ҳ£˵ĸ֮ǰһֱǺܺãֱ֮󣬲Եĸơ

ԺиֳЩ龰뵽Ĵٴκݺһ̣ȻС磬Ҫ˵ԲҸ衣Ƕ֪ģԩģȴʲôﲻˣʲôҲûҺ൱ھΡ
ʱ򰡣Һƾ룬ҪҪ嵽ؼҴԺͺǽԺȥۣǸңǲȡģҲûõģֻƥ֮£⣬
һ̣һ˵ţ˵̲ס̾˿ˮվǲܿƵشۿӿ˳
ǹˣȻǺˡ
һѣһ֣۾ʵڲˮ
һǿǿˣԶԸ˵ᣬǵԼӵ档
ˣ
ط˸׵ĻԣҲ˸ס׾ӵݼûв𴩣ֱ۾ֹͣᣬٴοڡ
֣Ȼûػعھ⣬Ҳµġ෴õĽҾͻػˣĳЩҪһ
֮ǰͬһΣطܺҵʮ㣬֮гţԣ趼Ҫңǹǵӣĵصһͺá
ţ㡣
ǻӦط磬Ȼ뵽ʲô˵ͻ֯ƻһǿҪزŶµ飬ӦûתǲˣͿֱӻعˡ
ţҲ˵顣
طͷûж±̬
ΪǸֻҪҲֻ̨ҪؽͷؽĽϴͲת
֮⡣
һ㣬˻һ
תδĳһ죬ͷֱͦػصƬ
Ϊ
ȥػóȥЧҵ




1404 ƻΪط
峿һĨϼᴩʵʱط͸ϥڽ¥ԺӵĲƺϣӭųϼϢ
콫ӵĻ˶ºȵҲ˯ǰ壬
ʱطѾڴˡ
ʱ˶һЦȻΪĬԺ
̫үµĺϢ˺ӣʹľ
Сʱ֮Ϣоã̲ס̾
Ϊ͵ԵʣȾƺȶˣڶ쾫ܲθԴε֢״е֢״ͳͳûС
֣Ǻ񣬶Чԣ쿪ʼһҪÿһ
طЦãǾһ䣬Ȼٴѡ
ʵϣøĸûҩĸԡ
УĸҽߵݣΪûлҩôҩЩ߰ҩ
֮£طֻ÷
á
ͷٴδӦ˶Ҫ
壬ˣطûУ˵Ļ׼緹
ʱѩӽ¥߳Ц˵
Ǻˡ
طЦŻӦȻ븸һͬݡ
븸׳֮󣬸ֺһЩơ
ֱһͿطȴʮѡ
ڴ˹Уѩһֱû뿪ڵط硣
Ὣϣչ˯֮󣬼ʱصظѩʰ˿ͷѩڼס
ȻѩطꡪҾѣȫΪУҲҪʱ򣬵طˣطĹΪؼϱֻʱ⣬ỹΪѩ׼˷䡣
Ƕѩء
طǷѩ˯һ䣬ǾСˡ
ѩȷ˯˿ͷȴطļͷ˯ŵġط븸׺֮󣬱ѩ㣬Լ뿪֮顣
ѩҲعĵεΣطĸ첲ſطĻ˯ˡ
һҹطû˯첲ûŲһ£ֱ֮󣬲ų첲¥һͬӭųϼϢ

ù֮ȥϰ࣬ѩרǰطȻϢ뿪ྩ½ԺĴԺȻ˳ϵѧЭᡣ
պ⻪ѧЭİţ콫ιۻѧЭܲ칫ص㡢ѧ⡣
ռŻԴԶʱڵڵȵȡ
һûС
Ϊѧ磬ߵı
ѧռ˻Թѧɡѧؼеֻнܣевϰݣеȫ
ѧļҡң书ܶûС
֮⣬һЩѧʷ֪ĴǣһЩҰʷ鼮ҲС
ڱ⣬طȤ󣬵⣬ȴܸȤлһҪչһʱ䣬飬˽ɵѧ͹Ŵѧš
ⲻԷḻѧ֪ʶ洦ҿ˽ŴѧӶȷͷܾõ⡣
ֻǴ˵еľ
ŴѧǷ˽书񾳣
˽书񾳣֮ʲô磿
⣬̹ƻģǿƻģҲ޷׼ȷĴ𰸡
ڶ죬⻪ѧЭǰ֯ܲвιۡ
ȻѧЭܲ˵֯ܲüªݣ칫ݾͼԱôûʲôɲι۵ġ
Ȼ
Щԣط֮⣬޺ڣк⻪ѧЭԱźǣûмΪһǿߵƻģ
ӴգսӼǻ֯һΣչꡣ
Ϊ֯εĹ꣬Ҳһǿߣڹȥһֱڱչأǰ񾳵һδܳɹǰʱء
ΪĳأӾطĿǰȫˣƻĲѡչء
֯˹֮⣬һλصĸΣ˳ǧţǹŴѧŵĴߣֻ֪ء֮
طõƤߣǳǧ֮֡
ǧײβط綼δһΣ
С磬ʦصΪˣϣҸ
⻪ѧЭ˲ι̸ۡ׼뿪ʱսطһ˵Ľ䣬ѹ˵
ƻΪԼأ
յĻط粻һ
õģ塣
ݵطæӦûжʣǿ첽׷ϴ޺ˡ
޻᳤λʦЩմʦͲһؾƵˡ
طò޺ʾ
õģʦ
޺һʱӦطҪûоܾ
ڣ˷׷ط籧ȭ
УգĴ۾͡
󣬹ս޺ϳ
Ŵʦ壬ƻĴʦΪʲôΪҳأ
ĿŴͳȥطŹˣʳеɻ




1405 ޵УΨһ
Ҳʱӵεĵ绰Ҫʲôû˵
ȿڻشŹĻûгƺƻΪʦǳƺΪΡ
ϰߣҲԱ·񡪡ϼؾϵУҲҪʽϻҪڳʱ򣬱ϼء
ѹ֪£ֻҸӴ⻪ѧЭ˲ιۡ
Ц̯̯֣ͬҲƺƻΪΣ֮¶Ŷƻĵء
ʵϣڻѧ磬û˲ƻġ
ȫѧ磬ƻҲкܸߵ
һУǿʵΪ֮⣬ΪƻĵƷܺá
ʵƷ¡
һǷᱻصؼ㡣
仰˵Ϊüŵĳʦ̫ʵڻѧǰé˶ءƷ²У
طδΪ۷ʦҲءǻѧӢۣ
ֻܵ˲֪ˡ
طЦһûʣףƻصΪԼأԲС¡
ط磬λûдһ£ͻȻ˵
Σǣ
һʶʵ
С䣬ʶһطǿս
˵ԼĿģȻʶԼеĴֿط粹ط磬ҲҪᡣҵ˼ǣ㶯ǿɱжҽйҸһǿս
Σҵʵ̫󣬾Ͳ׳ˡ
طԭҲԹͻȻе⣬˿ôһͣЦ̯̯֡
ط磬ȵǫɾǽԻڵʵһлܻ۷ʦеĶǿߣ۷ǿ߿⣬ݹ۹ŽѧʷҲǴ˵ЦŴȤ
С磬Ȼ²һҪɡٶȿˣüĿ֮ڴ
ȻҲ֪ط磬ǿսǿ˺̶ֳȣ
ðɡ
ٴյĻطӦ
ৣ
һֱӵʮ֮⣬ٶȿ쵽£سɴ硣
ط磬㾡֣ܳǿһҪκιǡסΣٶȿڵ
õģΡ
طͷȻд߶غں˹̩ȭȭž书طѪطѪ˲ڣͬһȻĻɽɢաȵϢھͬһӿѹԡ
ţ
طı仯գΪֵĹ꣬һ
Ȼ֪طսطʵһ׼˿̣طչǿʵ֮ǻǶطƸеľ
ƣ޵еںǿսɣһǿҪ޵У
Σˣ
͵طµʱŹ걧ȭʾһ¡
䡪
䣬Ӱ֣ȭӡ
ط·ƾճ˹ǰұ˳ȭգһȭ
ֱ۵ǹȭΪǹͷ
ǹʽ
죡
طûκαֱӶԼǿɱУұۻһ˴ǹȻꡣ
ţ
ܵطǹɴݿƣͫ׶ȻŴƣһŻһ㣬Լǰ
飡
ȭײһ졣
ط̺ȭ֮ϵھУ˲ըγһɿµھƣȴͬ󺣣δԹκ˺δùӻζһ£ֻùЩ졣
һɾƾն˽ֵĵطɨķ
Хطȭ˱һǿķúש˲ѿ
£ȭһƬͨ죬ۣұЩ顣
ǿ߹Ȼ£
طͷһ
ղһû洫ȭ׺ʹ߶ڻҩ֮⣬еƣµǿһȴ׾ٵػˡ
ط磬һɱǿߣв۷ǿߡ
ط簵𾪵ʱ򣬹꿪ˣ΢΢üͷЩ⣬׶һսսղչֵʵǲǻʵ
ΣҲʵɡֻûҵ洫ȭףûд߶ڵĻҩҩڶʱߵս
طʵص֮⣬׶֮ս죬Ҳͻƻ۷壬Ӷ˺ڰ¬⡣
ԭˣ
Ȼ
ǰ𾪣طûжеƣսҲͬ˸
ǵǺˡ
ʱһͻȻ
ƻģ
ط꽻ֵĻ棬ڻ֮ʱطǰ
Σ
ƻģطͬʱȭ
С磬֪Ϊʲôٳͻƻ۷𣿡
ƻ΢΢ףȻطʵ
ָԽ򡣡
طٴαȭһص̡
𰸾ղ˵ĻСƻשѡ
ţ
طһüͷ˼ش˵
ţ
ƻοؿطһۣΪطԸе̾Ȼͻƣ
һǿﵽͻƵǿͻƣͻƵЧںĳɳΪȡܺ͵̲㣬пܻƾ硣
ڶ߽оɣ˳µͻơû۷ʦ˵һĻ۷ʦ
ӵ׳־оޣȻͻƣ˻ͻ֮󣬻нϴռ䣬֮ͬǿһˡԻ˵ɽɡڡҡҺңҪǿҪһ㡣
ģҰļۣ֮ÿһ糬Խޡͻ֮󣬿֮ͬ޵еĴڡ绪ĵҡļǿ˺;һЩǿˣ
š
ط΢΢ͷһ㣬Ҳ
ڵߣһ
ƻͻȻˣ׼ȷ˵Ψһһϵĵߣ




1406 ƻĽǿߵ·
ţ
ȻƻĵĻط磬պ͹궼һ
طԣЩƻָ
պ͹ԣǱˡ
Ψһ
ߵۣ
ңǳƻΪȫһǿߵĿС
㲻ظеȡ
ƻķ·ϵطᾪȣЦЦȻΪϸؽ͵ļޣ졢ھѧ;־ĸ
ЩĴˣÿһһԽ˼ޣǿ֮ҲֻԽޡ־ܳԽޣ
Ϊȱĥ𣿡
طһƻĵ˼
š
ƻĺܸɴص˵ͷΪ츳СõࡣЩԴ졢ھѧԽޣΪһֱչ䣬ûгֵĻܶ࣬ɱһ٣ĥҲˡ
ҲǸȵһʱ䣬øԵǿ˳ԵʡԼҴͻƼ֮ͨĥǿ˽棬һһˣʵΪھ־Խ޵
ԭˣ
طһȻʡ
ЩĴˣܹΪͬһˣȻҪɱõĥԶһľ־
·Ȼܺã־ôĥģԹȫеһ㡣仰˵ЩڹŽʷϵǿߣܹȫѹһʱǿߣһǴʱһ·ɱ󡣡
ƻ˵ͣһ£ؿط磬ھظЩʱǿߵ·
һΣطûп
պ͹һ塣
ǿطܹһĬĬİߣһ·ɱȫ硢ѧݳɼǹŴѧЩʱǿߣҲδرȵˡ
ľ־ȫѹЩǿˣҿûгԽޣֻǴﵽ˼ޡ
ƻٴοڣһѪָطڣ޷ͻƻ۷ԭڣԭ֮ǰ˵

ط˲䲦ࡣ
ͻƻʱ򣬱ͣ˺ܾãֱؼ̫үȥĽᣬڶ¼կԱʦͽʱڼѹ֮£ɹͻƣԷǿƻɱ
ȻΪУѪսûһսʱһŭ֮ض˳ᢣȷ·
߶ԣҩﶼõľ洫ȭסҩȻܹǿս֮սаգͬҲԡὫǵɵƣÿһǿĵ˶ᶯãյʼ޷Խ־ޣӶ޷ͻƻ۷塣
ȻطѾڣƻĻϸΪطȫλָ㣬ֱ׶һսڰĶ¬⡣Է۷ǿߣ㶯еƶ޷ƥУͻƵס
ˣӦȫҵ˼ţôбȻҲġ
ллƴʦ
ٴƻĵĻط籧ȭƻϹ
ַʽŶƻĵغ͸м
С磬ֶˣҪʦʦơδʽΪͽǱһʦͽʦͽЦŸ̾
С磬ҪС˵ҲʺϽ㣬Ҳû㡣Ϊдѧѧ֮·
ƻİ˰֣ȻֱתƻָڣұγصĿ֮һ˵ڶĿġ
Σ˵
طֱӣ
ǾʶӻȫֱĹھûӵֲָȨӦֲ֪齨Ŀİɣƻʵ
ǵģΣȫ򼸴ǿ齨ֲΪڰΪĿģʵΪ˲ڰᣬûҩϡ
طͷԴʮԺڰʵֲǲʵ顣ֻһӣȫѧ˲ǶԸڰ
ûΪܶôģɱֲֻȷȫѧ˲
ƻĵͷȻżɽĿǰжѾ׼ɣ¾㱸ֻǷ硪Ƕ㣡
ң
طסˡ
պ͹Ҳסˡ
ǲԣ
ţͻƻ۷֮ⳡжУҳ䵱ؼԵ
ƻٴοڣΪط˽󣬡һȫѧˡȫѧݡλδҪߵ·Ҫ
ţ
ٴƻĵĻպ͹˲뵽ʲôû
طٴαȭϹƻıʾлллΣĴСû
С磬ҲҪлңֻ뿴ͻƴ˵е񾳣ȫۣ֮ƻ΢΢һЦ֮оڴ
Σû´ĻôΪң̶ܴҲΪҵ׳Ϊϴˢԩʧˣ𣿡
طֱӣһ뵽ʲôͻȻʵ
š
ƻԣһƺû뵽ط˶̵ʱһ㣬ȻЩǸص˵ͷЩ̬ȼǾˣûгɹ
ΣллΪһС
طûѯЩ˶˭Ȼս˫ȭһᶨһۣ֮Щһ




1407 г
š
ƻοص˵ͷ
ܹܵط׳־˵ᶨ׼ȷһЩ
պ͹һڴ
ǿǴ˵е񾳰
ܹ֮꣬ʶǿߵķɣҲ޺ˣ
߰ɣȥǺ⻪ѧЭ˳Է
ۿطû˵ʲôƻҲټ⣬Ц˵
죬⻪ѧЭ֯ιۡѧϰ֯صһɫΪ׼͡
ΣҲȥ
˼ͬû뵽ƻľȻμ硣
ȻˣǾȥһ°ɣڡƻЦЦ
ΣΣ壬߻£ҾͲμˡطһǸ˵
á
ƻĺˬشӦˣЦŵѵûһˣ϶кܶǾҪ¶ʵݡҵ㱩¶֮Һͻ֯鷳ǲӣȻҲǡʢҲûʲôµġ
˵ΪҾãһݶкôοѾʵˣ
ΣףллطͷȻٴεл
Ϊã׿ƻĵİ̸ֺ۽磬ʮֵѧϰ
طƻĵһͬ˳뿪֯ܲȻ³һֱ骵סȥ
Ǳ뿪һΣһλط綼ߵ̫æҪ˵һ棬骴кûС
һֱǵ˹骴绰Ҳ޷Ƿ

ӵʱԭĹ̾֯ľִԺ
Աһ췱æĹ½Ӱ칫¥߳ȥͽȥ
Щûп˶ԣ𳵣ԭ
һǳ޺ţǵ޷ʻ
ӡ
УδŮǼڵڶ֡
˵ǺԽĹϺõλǳΪδ󡢽׷ǵˣ֮ͬ꣬ʤ
骸ԡ
δŮͬ¶ԣƯԸеĺصļ
Դྩ֮׷˶ţëǰͻͳͷӵҲǴѣҲȱȨ٣һ⣬ͳͳ˱Ÿ
Ϧ£骺ͼͬ£˵Цسȥ
骣Ǹһˡ
ܿ죬һĸŮſͣһ񳵣Ц˵
һǼõһΪֵ骻ģ̫ۣ䶯Ӱ骵Ĺ˹˹Ӱʵı񳵣ҲǷѾˡ
԰骣ӵϰڹ˾ܲðһ㲻𣿡
ŮĻ£ŮͬҲ׷̲סˣ֮гĽ
ǵ׷骵һҲڸʣ˵֦ͷˣȴ۶һ£
ǻ̫ᣬǲǻĵģӦʣǻֶܹá
һڵһѻٸŷḻʷ̣˹߸˧һͨ˼ˡ
ʲô׷ߣͳͳֻܾ˵һ⣺װһˣҶ骶ԣûκһܹȡǸ˵λã
һԲûȥһۡ
Ȼ
ϵӷ·Ӧδ⣬һܰ󷽷˹骵ͬǴкˣ¾
㻹¾ɣ
ŮЦŴȤȻ׷骷ָ𣬡骣ˣټ
ټ
΢ЦŻӦȻûʻһ΢Цֱ꣬뿪
骡
״æ׷ϡ
裬˵֮䲻ܵģ㲻ϰ׷ʱ;
ͣ½Ųһףɫƽ˵ﲻ̱̬㹻
骣ҳ׷㣬㳤ࡢġʡͼԭ򣬵ЩҪġҪΪϳ㿴Ϊ˾ˣðž޴ΣգĸԸذԼʣͽеʽ
һ˵
ǰʱ䣬ྩĳ̳һٳʵ¼骱ĸŹɢģǡȳʡ
Ǹ̳衣
֪֮רҵ骵Ϣǰ̾֯ľ;֣Ҷһ飬ٿѸ͵İ鹥ơ
Ʋȫÿһλְ㲻þ⣬Ҳôġ骵
Ҳ˵Ҳһܷܲһıȴ˵ңҶԣǷû̫塣
󷽷˵ϲ㣬׷㣡
Ѿˡ骺ֱӵ˵
骣ҼȻ֪ļѵ֪֪ط磬һǳˣڣĿ֪ΪһУ
ͻȻˣһ·һҲطС



1408 һҲԹ
ţ
ٴĻЩ⣬û˵ֻǿ衣
˵ط㣬֮䲻ܡ
Դ򿪴˵һϳ˻ģܹھҲ޷ع
ڶһ򲽽عѩ㡭
֮ܣ
ɫһ˵ţٴ뿪
Ǹ骣˵ֱ̫ˡٴ׷ϣһǸ⡣
㲻ñǸֻҪһ㣺Ҹĸڵˣ޷Ȱ˵ҷ𣿡ü˵

һΣԶԣȻ󿴵ٴת뿪ͻȻ骣㲻Ҫˣں㣬뿪ĵʱ򶼲㣿к򣿡
骻һһͷŭʨһ㣬ŭض裬ʶ֣Ҫһơ
Ȼ
ûȥǽ˿С
һ룬룬롭
骷֣˲ָ侲һĻ
һԹ޻ڡ仰ת͸©Ϣҵˣ
£תߡ
군֮£¶ˡ
һЦ
֮Ի׷骣׿˵һ֮⣬Ϊøͬѧ骵ĺܶϢǴø֪ġ
骵øԣȻүӷü˸Ԥ骵ĸԼãԼð״̬ʶĶԼͬѧ׷Լá
Ĳںô
Цͬʱһ߳żȥһ̲סа⡣
ʮӺߵſڣ⿪š
֡
һ죬Ӧ
߽УʶҪЬͻȻŵһɷĻ㡣
һȻ̧ͷȻ輸ϰڷһʻɳһˡ
ǻҲǿܰôۡ
ˣϤռģ
ں
ӿֳ֮ǰǸĴ𰸣ȻǷһ㣬Ǹ˼ĺ˹ȥ
һ
骵Ķɿ죬ӵʱ嵽ɳԣ嵽Ǹ˵ǰ
Ȼ
ȴӲͣ˽Ųͷ·ʻȻɲ
ô
ŽߣοĺϤӣ̲סԼ
Բ骣ڲ㡣
һ̡
𰸽
Ϥ
طסΪݶ°͡
ûлش
ɲǼ䣬
ţ˽طĻУȻرط磬Ǹо·ȻһΣԼһ֣ξͻˣطҲʧ
Ƿݵģֹͣ˿ס˺ȴͬһ㣬ϲ
ĵĻС
ط罫§ԼĻУḧ骵Դ
ƺܹ룬ַʽ͸骡
骡
ԼĪӹط骵ֹͣ˲骵Ķ俪ڡ
Ȼ
ط罫Ļ˵ڣŲһӣ۵ؿط磬Ȼ˫ֹסطĲӣطĴֱȥ
һ˼ͰǣطĻ˻ȥ
һǣ˽һӣֱԺͨ죬ͣ
ʲôҪ˵Ҷ֪Ҳ㡣
һǹ骲ſ˵ط֮ĵһ仰
˺ܶ࣬ɫȥЩ⡣
ط֣ȥϵۣ˵
ǲûǰƯԸˣ
ȴһĸղſӣǾԱһ˲ӣӵʵ

طЩ£֪ݵһ
·
ٴοڣһŮļơ
㡭
طʶʲô
Ҫҵ
ֱӴطĻǿƶԵ˵
£ֱһѽطƵɳϣϡ
Ρ骣Լ
骣û

žžž

󣬸ڿ
ɳϣŮʿһ㣬Цţݺս
ַʽԼİ˼
һСʱ֮ڼĽУս
Сʱ󣬵ڶս
ĸСʱ󣬵ս
սɳԡٵңսòݣе
ԶҪ˵Բллҵġ
սſطϣ˵ҲĽͣţһˣҸ顪ҸҪ𣿡

طԶԡ
ʱΪԭ͵Եʱ骲޲֣ĬĬȴ
ͻȻսķʽҪ˵Ļ˻ȥԼеȫս֮С

󣬾͵ط׼˵ʲôʱ骵Ķӽ
Ҷˡ
˵ţ뵽ԼҲط˵һֺ壬ֲ˼ؽ͵ǶӶˡ
ҴȥҹطЦá
á
骵ͷ
Сʱط紩·ߣ뿪˼С
ƻġպɵĻܱ¶ʵݣ
Ȼ
ط磬骣ζû뵽ǾȻڽҹǸˡ




1409 
ྩΪڰ˴ʳ֮ǡڵ֮ףʳСʤ
ྩҲǻıҹḻĳУӵȫĹ֡
λڶֱڣ·ֱΣڶֶˣྩ֪ʳһ֣ҲǾʳչʾó֮һ
ҹֵƻ財ַ֯Ƿҹɫɺĳ֮˸ҫ۵Ĺâ
԰֪һҲ֮һһĺԺţƷḻζϼѣϲ۸ҪԶԶ˱Щ賿ҪųӵĲҪһЩ
ȻҲֻһЩѡ
賿һʱ򣬻԰ǰż䣬Ǵˡ
һżſڣվһźɫ۵ˣͬһ˱ǹһվڡ
·ĿˣǲԼͬػὫĿͶˣ̽ͷ뿴ò͵ĵ׶ЩʲôˣΪŴţʲôҲ
żܹòͣ꣬ƽͷƤܰףüĿ֮¶һɺԹ˵ʱĿ
ųԷ꣬ҿżһƬĪѹ֡
٣Ҿһ
Ȼһżİ
һɽװ׳µ꣬վžƱߵԣ΢΢˫ֶ˱һֺõı顣
ΪеٲǱˣּҴ١ַ㣡
ȨȦĺ춦᳤ֲ̫ӵұۣΪĴ֮һߵĵκһʡݣʡһ競޲ƤЬһģָ
ռԸڼ˵ͬ£ǰսҹ骶ףطᣬͬͬɥ֮Ȯһ㣬˽ǣΪ˵ʱȨ̸֮һ
ٺط类ϳؼң춦ֲȫ濪ս춦ֲһͽ˼
ΪӶشǵ֪丸׵ı֮ԱĻ
ַ㣬ţ뿪˼
ַ뿪ĵ졣
һ죬ؼ㸸ĸһٷȻ˼ͥ͵£ɽ
ڶ죬̫֯һȺΪַӷϴصĳżߵ˽˻
Ľӷϣõ˰ȨӵܵأһŮˤһϡ
֮⣬Ϊš۵㡯޷ξֻܴ̣㽫ҽַܸ㣬ַҽҩ
죬ַҪԻ԰ҹں֮˻԰
˿ַ̣㾴ƵıǾʡ
ҾһһĴ
񣬾ҾƷһΪط磬ȫڣһڣҵıӻ£ϣгưҩƣѾʼҩҽѧˡ
Ϊ˵õַĺøк֧֣һ鵰ⶪַ㣬ַ뾰ҵ⡣
˵ǽ룬ʵֻǻúôˣҪֻǶһЩԴЭҽҩķչ
˵Ҳط˵۸ңѧһǱǸ˵ģ
ַֹͣòͣûֱӶƱǲ˲֣Ťͷʡ
ԭǰһֵף飬ΪطȻţԹʮ㣬Ӷ¶ϡ
ǵģ٣
ַĻϵԹַֻ಻١
þҸռүֿĻᣬ׷˱ŸȻ¾͸ֵİɽθ࣬˶ȡͼöʮɽδ棬ط緢֡ҴڱУֱӱ԰⵽ռҵĳͷ
Ϊ飬طʽ𣬾ѧһ˾ڳһսط磬طӺϴ򱬣𾪻ѧ磡
ҵָʹ£ֵ¸գֿɱط磬δԸƻĴطپأɨңƵþžѧһ뿪ģ
գҲˮҵļıطͷϿ˻ͷͨĶѧһҲɽׯطһսѪϴѧֻҽѧһҲǾүүһ
٣طȻţϳ˻ģھ衢ԵУֻʱ⣡
ٴοڲ䣬ͼطΪ㣬ַĹϵ
ţǸˣҸط죬̻
ַЦһ֮оǺ⡣
£Ʊ뾰
õģ٣
дϲæӦȻӣһ
һ¶ǣַվ
٣ǣ
ΪַҪߣЩȡ
ӸҲǺɻŸûãôҪˣ
ȥ䡣ַص
٣
ʰǰͬʱ²۵ྩĺͬĺԺʲôã㲻á
ַԣδӦĬֺԼΪ
٣ү
żſڣɫ۵˿ַ;ڳţæϹʺá
Ǿʵıڣӵаڵʵ֮ǾԵĸˡ
ţ
ַûлӦʵıڣͻȻһϤӰͫ׶ȻŴ
ͣ
ͺһʱеĹ˵Цس
ৣ
ͬʱҲ˶ţ̧ͷһַ㣬ɫһ䣡
ԴطΪͷ֮ͨ󣬵ЩطĴԺӵֱܴΪ׵ЩȨӵѹơ۸Ҳ˼
͵ַ֪㱻ǰųϢû뵽Ȼַ㡣
ò˵ãҸһ㣡
ʱַЦһֱӳ˹ȥ
֮һֱôôйеԹ
˿̣͵ĳ֣ҵйŭĿ꣡




1410 ˰ʹ
ͬҲ͡
ΪһĴͲİ֪͵ݣҲ֪ͺطĹϵ
˿ַ̣Ļַ㾶ֱͣ˲ַҪԸͣæɫ۵걣ʹ˸ɫȻѸٸַ㡣
ɫ۵ᣬĬظַ뾰ʵ
ţ
üͷһͣ˽Ų
ͬʱԵŮһ¡
͵Ůѣ֪͵ݡ
֮ǰǰŮһһҪΪ͵ݡ׸֮ӡ
޵֪ֶߵзһߡ
˿̣ǰ겻ͣҾֱͺȥҪ顣
ɻѣ
ַ㣬ʲô˼
ۿַ㡢ʺɫ۵߽͵üͷʵ
ʲô˼
ַͣ½ŲһϷʵضͣ鲻̫ԭ׼ȥǵĻ˵ʲô˼

ٴַĻŮϵɻ˲𾪣
û
𾪣
޷ǰַ㵽ǺηʥԴͣ
ǲǾţƣ
ַŮı仯Цʵ
Ůʶ˵ͷ
Ϊͨϰնԣ׸֮ͷεͣǶٵĴ
ģȦȦͶһһĴ
УţƣˣҺ˵˶㲻ϣֻһ
ַٴЦſڣȻڶŮ˵ʵ͡

Ůɵۡ
ݡλͼʶ֪ײֵĺ壬޷ַ˵仰ĵֻǾãǰַòһ
ַ㣬Ҫ˰ʹСصޣ
ɫһͳ˵
ǡвңŻң
ַһ־ϵĿ⿴ͣһһط̵ӣѱ벻顣һܣҲӣ٣ͬɥ֮Ȯһ˻ģ֪ƨˣʱʬ˶ûУ
ԣ
ٴַĻͷŭսȭͷ
һ棬ַ˵͵ĸΪĳûдãӪ߾סСӣһʹ׳ʿԾȽ׶Σδ˵
һ棬ַطĻͺܷŭ
ַԼǷԼĸףַط磡
ôңǸ𣿡
͵ŭ⣬ַһм֪ʵıھվҲ֪Էһߡ
ߣһָͷŪͣ
ԣַһ޿֣
ַ㣬ֵط˵һ仰ĵԽˤԽңҩܶ࣬ҩС
ַợͿһۻɢΣϢˣɿ˫ȭһһ
£ֱԵŮ뿪
ȵȣ
ַ״üͷһüĿ֮ӿֳһĨŭ⣬ô
ַ㣬Ѳңô
һЦ
ǰα۸ͬͣûѡֱӲգ
ΪַղطĻѾ׼ŭ
ΪʲôҪɱأֻ鲻ãǡÿֹŶѡ
ַЦһֹղŵĻҵˡҸѡ
һԴʮ⣬ҿͷϴҾ͵ûп㡣
ڶҿ˰㡣
㡭
ŭ£ٴս˫ȭ
ңѡ񡣡
ַ赭дش͵Ļܹƿ͵
Ҳ꣡
һŭһͷŭʨһ㣬ַ㣬һȭַš
ž
Ȼ͵ȭͷַ㣬ʵıһǰֻӳһץס͵ȭͷ
ৣ
ֻȭͷҵһְϣʹѣ첲Ҳۣͼջȭͷȴ˵ͬһǯȭͷ޷Ųֺ
٣ô
ˣŤͷַʾ
ò˵̺ɫַֺ֪㣬ҿóַҪѵ͡
Ͻʰ
ַЦһָʾȻһ۳±ƵŮԽȥһϷţ߸֪һϷ
ַ֡㣬𣡡
ŭ˻ͼ޼¡
ͦģ֪Ժ᲻еúܲң
ַ㼥һЦȻֱͣ䡣
ͻ˵ʲôʵıһѿסӣż䡣
Ů״ʹظ˽ȥ
ĬؿһۣȻ첽ַ㣬ַȥϲ
Ĭ
ͬʱ
һµA6רڻ԰ſͣ£ֻ֧˳ѣȻط³߽˻԰ꡣ
ҹעƽ




1411 ٴǰ
ջֹ涨߲öͨ˶֣սô
ûнͽ͵ŭ
ȻѾжһߣԼô޼£˻ֵĹ涨
ţ
֣ĽŲ΢һ٣üͷһɿģǻģЩضضûá
Ϊַ㣿ֻһǹҪ˵ʶʱҲ֮˵
òġοҲûд㣬㻪Ҫ鷳Ҳܰ޿ֵ
ûл֣ΪֵطŹô
ۿҪԼᣬٴοڣطϸһ룬ڻѧ磬ֵܵˣк³ôѧһ׳븰˵ĺô
һΣֱͣ˽Ų
ƺԣطȻִˡ
ңֵܻ鷳ַֻ;ˣͼ״֪طܼɵٴοڡ
Ȼ
һΣĻȴеǷݼɵ
ֵܻܻôܹھ⹶ӲдһʱˣҲزˣ
ЦѣǷ㣬ҲãҲգŹҡԣ㲻ð׷Żˣʵʵҽȥƶƶ⣬ù͹ֻҪٸˣҲûˡ
㡭
ûڶ¡
һΣٿڣƿżţֱӽż䡣
Ůԥһ£Ҳ˽
ৡ
żַĹӸ磬ԭͱղžͺſڵĽ̸˿̼ͽţ׷׽ĿͶ͡
ӣû뵽Ҳн졣
ӣò˵ܲȻȺУٵġ
ʲôˮתʮӶʮ
һ˼ôŻӲҪҪŵӵŮˡӿ˹е񣡡

Ӹ׷׿ڣȻֻûޱȣЦ
ǲַĹӣǺ춦ֲĳԱ
طһŽ̫̳һͽú춦ֲк춦ֲĳԱ˵ѡ
ǶطνǺ֮ǣ
ν꼰أǶ԰׷طͬ޵лᶼйߣ
һ£ͽ䵽ôܺɫ
ǽ־Ūң¿˱ƣ
Ӹĵ٩裬֪ڽӣҲ׻ȥˡ
١컹ͦӲ֪ԺʰʱĹͷǲһӲ
͵ǿƣӸܲˬһӸЦѡ
һΣͲٿǵȴַż䡣
Ӻżűƿַž߽ż䡣
ֹ𣿡
ַһֿˣĿ⣬űͣһϷʵЦݡ
ַ㣬־Ūңû꣡
֮ͬǰһӲյס
׼Զˣ
ַԣüͷһȻһĿǶ˵ֹ£ץס˫֣á
õģ٣
һʱһɣֱصڵϣ顱һ졣
أһˤ˫ȳ˾޴ʹѣ۵ò˹ȥ
󣬲ʹӾʹѣлعͣͬѺͷһ㣬ֱӿס͵˫֣ڵϣͱ¹ơ
žž
ַ״ЦǰĴ͵ӣֹ㲻ǺǿӲǿӲһҿ
ޣ
˫ֱץӱţã޷ֱ֣һڿˮµַϡ

һĻż˶һ

һַ̣һŭֱһƳ͡
ž
촫Ͱַһơ
һƣַ㺬ŭ֣ȫ
ɲǼ䣬͵ָӡһƬףѣѪ˿
Ȼ
ַ㲢ٴֱۡ
ž
ž
ž
ַһ˦⣬͵׺ףһѪ
ӣ֮ǰ˵һֹӽҼһΣһΣ
ĸַŴӷŭѹǽӹʵֽ˲ϵĿˮȻ͵Ĳӣһ˵
ûлشҪٴַһˮ
顪
ַз죬ֱһŴ͵ϣ߷ڵء
ƹ£Ѫȥޱȡ
ķҲ
ַ֮ûлصλŤͷʹŮ
Ůʶҡҡͷ
Ͷˣ
ַ״ЦһôʶȤķϣĸֵܣһྩķѡ
ллл٣
ŮһʱлȥЩ
ֹôֻɫӽа壿
ַٴνĿͶͣѹ͵ϡ
һԣֻĬĬȥϵѪ
ߣ
ۿͲҵֿˣַüûȤˣҲûмò͵˼ˣһӣ뿪
õģָ磡
ʺӸһʱӦͬʱϷʵؿѪֻͣá
ַһ£žʵӸ硢߳ż䣬ŷȥ
ǸŮûں档
ΪղŲǱŵҲϷͣͶַ˵Ļ
Ļ滵չֵ쾡£Ҳʵ¶쾡£ȫ֮ǰ˵Ļ
ĵԽˤԽҡ
ҩܶ࣬ûкҩ
һ̡
͵ַ·ʱطڴĿͶַ㣡




1412 ŭ
֣˲طüͷ
Ϊļ䣬ַ㻹Զʱ
ৣ
طı仯ʶʲôʶ˳طĿ⿴ȥַͬ㣬ɫһ䣡
ţ
ͬʱַԼ˶ţʶŤͷһ۱㿴طˡ
УطƤߣַúİȴһϳ骣
֣ͫ׶ȻŴǸоǷ´½Ƶģͣ˽Ų
ַ쳣ʱ˾ʡӸע⡣
оʺӸ綼ϳ骣ʶַڲ֮󣬻Ҫ骵ĻǽĿطϣֻطЩ졣
ط磬ַͬʺӸֱ˹ȥ
ƹ£ı骵Ŀź⣡
û
Ǻ⣡
Ϊ骣Ͱڵּˣڽط裬Ȼͬɥ֮ȮһºƨҲҷһջطͽ˼
һУѡֱӸıȶ켣̳
һУҲط骺֮ǣ޲ζˣ
骣һΪĶطǸأ˰ҲǸӡ뿪ûãͶ˵Ļ
ַδߵǰһؿˣԹ
˵ʲô
ɫһ䣬ŭ
ѵԣ㲻Ҫ˵ǰûʲôϵûϵǴҹܵҹַЦѡ

һʱط粻ڹڱ¶ݡ
ܱ¶طݣ޷ͺͻӦַĻ
Ĭˣ
ۿ骲˵ַӼԼжϣȻԹҵûкӽ飬һطǸһͷһƬ͵Ĳԭ

ٴַĻΧ˶һ±ƣ𣬸׼ֻա
طϰԵһ۾׼
ͣҪ࣡
ͬһͷŭĸϻһ㣬һǰŭĿַ㣬Ǹоַٸ˵仰Ҫַ㱩һ١
ΪǸŮģһûǰȻվԭأ䵽ط硣
׼ȷ˵
ַ֡㣬Ҳ꣬Ҷһָͷָ㲻ݣ
һ̡
ַػһͻȻ
͡
ƹ£ס߸߹ȻѪ
ַߺȥϴ˰ַһţҧ촽ͷһѪ
£Ƿһ㣬߳˹
Ȼղűַˣұ̤ϣҲ֪ڳַַܽ骶ţֻһͷַֹ㣬ԲֵܵŮ˱۸
һ
һ̣ǷֵעһµٶȺܿ졣
ৡ
Ȼһŭַˣ骣ΧЩΧ۵ˣԼͬؽĿͶ͡
ţ
ͬʱط۾гһ϶
ֻһۣ㿴ϵˣýֺͷ뵽ַɵģ
ֹǻû𣿡
ַŤͷһϷʵĿ⿴ͳ
ҽһ£ҽطֵܣԺ⣬طίУ̸һЩ顣
Ӧַط
طվԱš
Ȼһޱȷŭûѡ¶ݡ
ΪǻѧЭᡢ֯ƻġպʢ˴ȥ޴鷳

Ȼֻ֣һɫ˲䣡
һ̣Լطˣ
ѧƬ֪ԺԳطֵܣѧднŲҵǿˣ˶üųʦ̫𶯻ȫѧ磡
ţ
ȻطĻͲһͣ˽Ųһɵؿط磡
طֵܣ
ַҲһ£ȻһЦ١طǸίˣñ𣿡
ֵܣط㣬ղŷʲô
طûַ㣬ǾֱͣȻѾŭ뽫ľ
Ϊһߣ͵Ը񣬾Բ־ܡ
ַ˵ߵ߽ץŹڵϣĸ⣬һš
ʶӦȻֵطԿѵֵܣû£Ҫ骣۸طû
İɣֵܣҪ˵ǣˣҲһָͷңǻҪΪ֮ǰΪۣ
طվ͵ǰһһ˵
ǡİèҲ˭
طĻ£ַ㼥һЦȻ֪ĹִУȥ
һΣûлӦûֱִַ
෴ͬСүֵؿط磬һҰףͬһ㣬ܿƵز
ǰ꣬Ҵ˺ͳʦ̫ܶԸ˵ģ
Էһָͷܴ
ûٵĻô
ۿΪʵüȵ
վַԣΪַ㣬޷ı飬Ҳûע⵽ǲ
飡
Ȼ
Ӧַ;ʵһ졣
ƹ£طƾճԣһ˫ȡ
꣡
ۡ
ɲǼ䡣
˫ѣѪɣͬһԵڵأ




1413 ط䲻ڣͷ
ͨ
һ죬̱ڵϣ˫Ѫģ鴤ް֮ǰԸʱ޿֣еֻǿ־ʹ࣡
һĻټķ˲䰲

Ĳ״ЩΧ۵˴סˡ
Ϊѧ⺺ǣѹûпطγֵģûпطôԵģֻǰһͬһһ̱˵ϡ
Ҳסˡ
֪ݣһط֣գ۹㱻ˡ
ķҵسģ𾪵ͬʱֻûѪҺ·ȼޱȡ
ַ㡢ʺӸҲסˣǵɴ۾ؿһ״һţ
ô
ǵģ
ڸղţַ;Ⱥִط磬ط綪ȥҼһͬвһס
ǰĽȫ߸ǵжϺΪԼ˻þ
þô

һ̣ŴӼȵĿ־лع񣬾ҵʹ̲סһΪң

ҵĽԭķһ궯˾վ뿪λΪ̫ţײΡ
ЩԭƵˣҲ׷ͣ
ǼǱղšһĻŵˣҲǵĻᱻ꼰ء
ͬʱַ㡢ʺӸһҽк󣬷׷׻عϵĲű˿ֻš
Ȼһǧһɣ޷źͽеĽǰʵǣһжġǸԺ⣬Գطֲֵֵܵ꣬һоͷ
·Ϊӡ֤ǵжƵģڲҽйһ־ؿط磬Ǹо·طᵱɱ
ֵܣúã
Ĳ״Ŀ־壬ξѣս˫ȭ
ղţΪôַܱǰ裿
ַǱ˶ڣҲǻȫ֣±СҽԺҲץסַʹ
˿̣Ϊַ㹷ӵطУѣֻͷͨ
ڼЩģȻֵǿ󣬵ϾǺģô£
ΪߣΥȫѧ˺ͻ֯Ĺ涨ͨ˳֣
͵ĵͬʱط翪ˣ֮ͬǰһͨķı˷һصͳԵħ
Ρʦҡ
ʶؿڣطĳƺʮأͼʲôԺһƬհףһҲ˵ڡ
һ棬ղȻûжִͣȴֿͣͱַ㵱ɳ裬ϸ˵ȷΥȫѧ˻֯Ĺ涨
һ棬֪ǿǿơѧддǿ˺Ͷüųʦ̫ˣ
ýֺͷ뵽һˣбȻη壬ٺ䣬ԷԻֱ֣ȥү̽
ţ
ۿŵòҿһͻȻʶǿ󣬷Խų
һ㱡
δǸǣҵˣһǿƣһسһŭΪѣ
㱹Ǹط첻¶ʵݣݣȻҲΪַ˵جΣ
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ʦ
ҪôǸɡѧҵǿ˺ͳϡҪôСѧɵţѧźܸߵĵλΪҪʵ£ָɱˣɶӵһľʿ޿κΣΨл֯ǿ֣߳ſץɱ
֮࣬ʵ⿴һԵַ㣬ְ˿
ʦȻݵλǱѰĵĻʦкܶˣֻּһּڻĵĵλȫһʦ෴־Ϳ
οּҲǵĸ壬ıҵһӴ󵽿µҪ˵һʦνɡѧңǰҲ˲ҷ
Ȼַʦĸֺ󣬷ǵûп־壬Ǵһʼлعһĵʮ㡣
ǷݵּҸģ
١ĻʦܵĹҰ˭㵨ӣ
ƹ£ʮַٴοˣطŭ⣬ٲȻûнطûľһʦ߿ڻĹΪΪеĻ֯ɰ𣿡
˭ĵӣ

طûзϻֱʵжش
һ˲ַǰ־һƣ
ž

ֱַӱطһƳ鷭ڵء
һƣطȻؿȻַͷĿѣ۷ڡѣ˲˹ȥ

һĻʺӸŵòɤۣǵɴ۾һ˼ؿط磬Ǹо·ʣѵּ֪ҵ³
ϲǲΰ롣
ϲǣַ㱻ѵˣǵǣطֵַ㣬޷ˣ
ʦ裡
ھʵɻϲǲΰͬʱط罫ĿͶͣһһֵܣط˵ߣһ塪侯棬⣡
գط䲻ڴˣҿɴطΪͷô㡢ģӱֱΪֹ




1414 £ɫ
ৣ
طǿƵĻطǸ͸ɡļƣʺӸ磬ɫȻһ䣬ִͷĸоطĿſֻ벻
ӸղȻδͶ֣ǲ룬ַûиǻᣬжͽи衣
Ȼûпڣıַסͣĳ˵İף
˻
ϣַԭطһƳѣΣ˿طĻܵϴĻʹ˻ָʶû£
û뵽ԺȻҵһƽ鷭һҪͶǳ֡

ͬʱͻ㱼俴ԼֵܵӰӣһ󼤶ս˫ȭ
ڸղţŹڵϣַ⡢̷ŭ£ȴ޷޷ѡ
˿̣ƶȻתԼֵֵܵһзˣַ˶սֻ
⡭ܲ
ֵܣлл
֮࣬طʾлȻȭͷ󲽳ַȥ
Ȼ֪Ǵ˿̶ִַˣºᱻпܻᱻߣں
ΪֻҪַ˴ˣΰ¼ᳬʮ졣
Ϊǰܵ裬һһȼգըѣ
ͣˣ
һĻַ㳹ѣȻŭĿط磬һһ㣡Ϊƾһ书ΪΪͺ骣ڻлʦҶһָͷô
˭
ȻַĻΧЩֵͨ˲һ𾪲ѡ
Ϊѧ⺺ǣ֪ʦǿ壬ַܹܵ˵Ǿ仰ʱĵ
ӵǿ̲ſӵеĵ
ţ
ϵļʱһŲҲ֮ͣ
ȻԼºַ˱ַ˲ܽŪжңֻǲһ٣ͽȥ15죬ͬ
ڻĺݺͿɽַ˷ҪĻ޷Ȼ뿪ģ
ͲַͬĻֻӿֳ֣
вô
·Ϊӡ֤骵жƵģطһοˣͳɱ⣬Ųţһ㣿
ৣ
ٴطĻܵطĿɱ⣬ǽϣַϵľʺӸ磬ַ㱾ˣֻͻȻק˱֮Уͷһ󷢺
ΪǸǣǰǸԳطֵܵ꣬Բǿţ
֡٣٣һĻʦ
ַ˴ӿ־лع˫ȱ߶ϵֲ˵ڻѧѧддǿСͶüųʦ̫׼ȷϢСͳʦ̫ӵл۷ʦжǿߵս仰˵ټĻģֵǿˣ޼
˵֮ͣѾԡټĻģûм˿ԶԸǰǸԳطֵܵ꣡
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Ļ£ǾʺӸ磬ַ㣬ǵɫһαˡ
ȻǶѧ⺺Ƕ֮ȷ֮ǰĲ²⡪ǰǸԳطֵܵĸɱǣ
ңȻڶԷжͬ߹һ㲻һôֻҪԷԸ⣬ǻͬһֱӱ
һ̣ǾͬһֻͻеĪѹ־壬ŵҴһСȶǳһ㣬ܿƵض
£
ַ㡢ʺӸ羪ֵͬʱطһͺը죬̺
ͺһɿµɱ˲طϱŷͬһѳʵױһ㣬ɱڣ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ

ַȻطкü׵ľ룬ھֲ֮У˿̱طһͺöĤĶͷĿѣؿڷơȷӸܵطǹɿµɱ⣬һƵĴһ㣬Ⱥ̱˵ϡ
Ǳطһͺ̱ˣ
ΧЩֵͨˣҲطһͺòᣬһ׷׾Զ롣
Ψһ⡣
ǰǸŮ
ûкˣǴؿַˣϳױȵ𾪣
ô
ǵģ
ڸղţַ㲻һزͬȨһڵͣȨ˸һʶҺԥѡͣͶַ˵Ļ
Ȼ
ת֮䣬ͻȻðһԳֵֵܵܣһ仰㽫ַŵ̱˵ϣ
˿ַ̣ް֮ǰĲһеֻǿ־壡
ַ㣬ղŴˬ𣿡
һ̡
лعһŭ
ûлش
Ǹķˣȭͷһŭسַ㡣
Ҫɫ
ľ




1415 ˮתһٱ
ͣҶһָͷҸû꣡
ۿڵسַһһŭͼв͡
顪
Ӧַһ졣
ͬһʻͿֱ嵽ַǰһųַš
̧ͷ
Ȼ书һеѧʽ̧ͷļơ
ۡ
ַԴ˳ԴһѣΣӡѪһأֻˡһˤ˵ϡ
ַ㣬㲻Ǻܿ𣿡
һŹͻֱ˵ַϣסַĲӣֱۣ˳ƾһ⡣
ž
ַԴƫһԣȾѪ˳ױˡ
⣡
һĻʺӸ磬еĿ־ֱ
ΪǸǣֻǸʼ϶Ҫַ㣬Ҽпܻѵǡ
ٿ񰡣
ž
ž
ž

·Ϊӡ֤ʺӸжƵģһȻٴֱۡ
顢顣
һ̡
ŭͣӴһַ㣬һٿ飬һʮ⣡
δ书أʮȥֱӽַ߸ͬͷһѪ߰ߣ˲˹ȥ
ʮ֮ͲŽһЩɿ˽Եַ㣬ȻĿͶ˾ʺӸ硣
ͣǸղûд㡭
׺ݵĿ⣬ʺӸŵֱӽˣһӸڿ־ʹ£ʶؿڣͼַͨʽȥͷ
ǸղŲǽлúôٸүлһ
ŭϣǰ

ûлش
ǾʣӸ綼нͣҿ
˵ûˮתֻתЩ죡
һߣһ˸ӣֵطڵʱһһǶҪߣֵʱ鷳ûڹڣһС˵־ҫǸΪֵܺ۸
飡
˵ţ뵽Լղܵ裬뵽ԼЩֵܵӿԴһŶ֮ǰӸϡ
໡
ǶλһŲȥСӸ۵һͬĴϺһһ
飡飡飡
໣໣໣
ͲͣӸÿ˲һţӸȺҽС
ֵʵʱ򣬲½ţʱ㱧ͷһ
ʣ˵Ÿҵ߹ҫ˵ıڶӶ֣
˵ţֱ˵ϣȭͷžʾһʹȭͷͬһھʵԴϣͷİ۵þͬ
ʵĲҽУžʱΪʱڵͣһҿԡ
Ϊ˵˿̷ˮתطڳֹͣƨҷһӭĽطı
οһ򲽽˿ֹҲ˫ȱطһ߶ϣ޷
㣡ĸ˵㻪֯鷳ֵطԲ˶ߡڣô
ʹ꾰ʺ˫ȶѡ̱ڵϵŭȵ

ĬطġֵܡôͣطǸħ֪ܻܲڣ
ߣ֪ոѧطֵܣҾڻ԰òͣʮӣҲҰַ㶯Ͱ
ۿҿȴûж֡
Ϊ˫ȶѣƺأֵĻºԷҪʺӣǺ鷳顣
ֵܣлл㣬ҴˬˣҲˣ
ʹ߹طһЦ
طֵ˵ֵ֮䲻лط絭ȻһЦ
ϤĻһůһᣬȦһ졣
ûڳطֵܣ콫뿪
ãǻһż䡣
ط״͵ļû˵ʲôǳ岻ԶĿɿڴĵԱ˵̬ʮֿ֮ǰȣֱˡ
áã
ԱѱǰĳˣطĻʶص˵ͷȻ󾪿ֲظط簲Űᡣ
ֵܣһԵ㣿طŤͷ͡
á
ʶصͷ
Ȼ֪Ϊ˵ǵַºˣһҪòͣȻˣȻҲˡһ𿸣
ط粻ٶ˵ݸһ񣬱ͳżȥ

Ů״ʶҪںͣͽ˿δۿֽߵĻ˻ȥݹϳһûڡ
һ̣иͱַ۸ʱѡվߣп͵ģпܳΪϱ׷֦ͷˣ
Ȼ
û
ⱲӸı˵ľѻᣡ
ѵһ㶼±ô
ͬʱʺӸ磬ط硢ͺȥıӰ̲סԼ
һ̡
ǲԼͬؽĿͶַ㣬ַѪˣط˵Ŀĺɱ⣡
ûַ꣬Ի᲻ϧһд۱
һĻʺӸ
ּҴܳɹѧô
ͬʱҲַĺ⡢ɱ⣬̲סаԼ




1416 ֪
ھʺӸ翴ַּܹҵҪ˵һߣһǿѧɣҲڻ¡
Ȼ
ΪߵĽǶȴͬ
ȻѧддҴСͶüųʦ̫֤ʵսڻ۷ʦеĶǿ֮ϡ
ǿߣȫκһҼɵ
Ϊؼǵãط绹ûôǿʱɱźԣûг֣ѡط統һͳ
֮⣬ǿ֮⣬һ֮ᡣ
ʵ̫ˣ
һԻҴ˵ǿߣζʲô
ζţʱȫǿ棬еٮٮߣ
һ£ţ֯ΪּүŻѪͳ֡
෴Ϊ֯Ἣ£һǿǱ޴
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͵ԺЩͬʱʺӸǿϵʹվΧַߣȥĹġ
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ַͳطʡ
ղţͺݺݵسһţһڵϳʮ⣬߸ȾѪѣɶ·ʱ䡣
һУŭȼգ޲йߣ

ַŭĻַǱҵģʺӸŵûҿ»ᱻַ㵱йͰ
֪ͨҷϰ壬÷Աϣÿһ˵ֹֻƬƵйȥ
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ʺӸһʱһַϵĹӸ̲סʵָ磬֮⣬Ҫʲô
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֡٣Ҵ120þȻҵı͵ҽԺ𣿡
ַıӰԥһʵ
ѧһط糹״ȫѧµľһѾûǿˣֻͨ洫ҽߡΪṩʵҩȡ߶Ծҵİ
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Ȼ̸ǿߣˣҪһıڿɲһ׵顣
ϾƶЦߵıҲֻǰ
š
ַԣŲһ£˵ͷ
Ȼڸղûãǲ⣬Ϊ̫ǿ
Ҫ뾰ҵҽҩ⣬ܶʱҪ;ʽӴһߣһЩܷ㡣
磬֮ǰʱסͣԾؽѵͣ
ʺַĽ̸ԥһ£ûнԼ뷨˵
Ϊַ֪˿̴ڱŭ״̬ҶּҵžģƤĥƣַҲȥģΪ޴£øҧʶĵĽ
ͬʱ
ط硢ͺˣڷԱľս·£һż䣬Ȼ֪ط˲ҪӲ˺Ѹ뿪ż䡣
ֵܣҶַϤּҴ٣խ覴ñرǸղŴ
ԱǰŸߣͱ̲סڣͼԷַ˵ı
Ȼ
ͽĻ˵ڣط㻺³֣͡

ɲǼ䣬;ôλ
ѵ
Ϊֱ̫ײӡ
Ȼûȥӣͬ⵽ӾҲţһ˼ؿط磬΢΢ţ˵ʲôȴֻ̫úǿŶƵģ޷˵һ֡
һУֻΪط˿ûٸıԼ
衭ӣ
ӺͿˣȻطЩšطֵܣԼͷˣط籾ˣ
λعμȫѧᣬΪͨ飬ʵݣݡ
طٴοڣΪͽȻһϵƣЩۣҪͺˡ
Բۣ㣡
ͼûⶼҲ
֪ǰط֮ѹϵƣҲȥղһУڼغһֱǰطһܱ
һֵֻ̣طϲã
ڸղ顭
ţֻҪַҲ֪رطһٴνַˣ
ʱۣүվү




1417 ǿӲ̬
ӣڰһƳ鷭ַʱһ˲ͿӰӡ
ֵӵ뵽֮ǰΣ̲סǹ͸ɵƣɲ˭еġ
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ڻѧϣԼºս񣬵ڸղţûôˡ
١Ҫַ˸Ӹղ֪㣬ƻŵƨ
ۿط粻˵뵽ʲôЦţĽ
ͣطɲڹڱ¶ݣͻ֯ȥ鷳骿ѵ
֪Ҿ˵˵ЦЦȻתӡ
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ʱҴ绰˰ɣ
绰ܿͨȿڣЩ
ΪǸطûгµĻʱû绰
ţ壬մһС鷳ط絹ҲûΡ
С鷳ںܶǾ顣
ӡ֤ԼĲ²⣬ȴûоţǿЦ˵ɣʲô
ղţҡ
ط罫ղһУһһʮظա
ЩӸ磬һԱû³ŵã
طĽ̲ס̾һȻⲻ߻ᴦáͰĳҹҪ㣬϶Ҫϵǻ֯
壬˵ǲΪ˸ַǸ竳ͷѿģеĻֻһԭ򡣡
յĻشط粢ûие⣬ȴˡ
Գֵܡ
տЦ˵ŤĻ
طΪһ߶˫ȣַ㣬ɡ
Уûðǰ£ȫѧ˺ͻ֯Ĺ涨ַͣ㱩
ַǲ֪ط磬Υˡʦ衯Ǳ
ԷҪͷҲǲɡ
һ棬Υ涨Ӧȫѧ˻֯
һ棬طַ֮⣬Ȼδͨݵַ㡢ʺӸ֣ĴڣǶǾ޴壬ǲΣͲɵر
壬ΪطֵܡԭҪΪ£ҲҪΪѣôô졣
طĬ˼ӣٴοڣֱӱԼ̬ȣķչһּҲãҲգҾǲҪݣҲҪǣүмֻۣ
С磬ͷİɣ˵ˣݶдã鷢չһġ
æڣϣطʵع⣬ҲϣطԷġ
һط罫׶ϾعĻᣡ
õģ塣
طӦһû˵ʲô
ԭͶҿӺƵ뿪Ĺڻ뿪֮Ⱥ׷ֵܽôԡ裬бһӻ
һ£ҡּΪ׵űһ
һߣսطͨһ˼·Ȼһ·߳䡣
죬ƻ뺣⻪ѧЭ˳֮ƻһصǵס
ɡ
󣬵ߵһ䷿ſڵʱƻĵͻȻ
֨
Ŷ룬Ȼ󿴵ƻϥڷмĵϣڽڤ
СͨҶˣزҵ㣬ȷ̬ؾ㡣
һǻѧ֮ܳһǻѧδϣ֯׼ȫ黯뻪֯
ڶΪһС£ƻ˻֯ļƻƵԻĲУõ飬ɶԷе
տڻ㱨ƻıն˵Ҫʱ򣬿Ը߶ԷּҺֱң
ǣʦ
յһʱ
жǶԵģƻҪȫסطݡ̬ͬطһǿӲ˼㡣
֮ռƻûͶת뿪˷䡣
ˡ
ǰŸջط䣬ֻ
ĳŵʵȨˣ䲻ּˣҲּүЩּߵúܽ
˼䲿ô
绰ͨȿڣ̬ڵúܵͣǸ
Ͼ˿Ѿ㣬ȷʵˡ
ң֯ǻһţλȻΪִ֯ԺգҪ㹻ء
ܲ˵԰𣿡տżɽ
䲿㶼֪ˣ
绰ͷһȡ
ǵģǺ⻪ѧЭҪ֮һҲǴ˴λѧķǻѧĹͣй˴˵绰ղŸҴ˵绰˵˻԰顣
ղͣȻܲߵõϢģǺʵһ¡
䲿ǵõϢࡣ
յַ֪֮Ǳ߶ЩʣδƣǸյĻȻ󻰷涸Ȼһת䲿ȻǺ⻪ѧЭģ˻Ӧػĵķɺ͹涨൱ĺ䶯ҽϳͣ
ܲҸղŸλ㱨飬ε̬ǡ
ֱӽƻĸղ˵һУԭⲻظ֪ˡ

ԣò㽫ֻˤ˳ȥ
Ϊط֮⣬δ˵ǸΪȫһǿߵĻ֯ƶߣκ̬ǿӲ




1418 һٶ
Ѿ賿ˣȻַǷ󷹵궼гҹˣ˲Ÿոյ
԰ſڣַ㡢ʺӸ绹ûȥ
УַԼ׵һ绰˵˽飬ʺӸǰַָʾЩֻƬƵɾˡ
Уϰϣ˵ַ˵ݡ
һ£Ǳⱻ꼰أʮϣмڴ֮ǰѾƬƵ罻ýϣ˲СĹע
ԴˣֱַһھĹӸ磬绰˰һʱ佫ϹƬƵɾˡ
˽ƬƵҲΪ
˿ַ̣ڵȾ鴦ĵ绰
ַ㡢ʺӸ粻Զ֮ǰתͶǵŮûߣ֪ſĽ»صߡ
ˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ַֻ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ַ㱾ˣǾʺӸ磬ԼͬؽĿͶַֻ
ַֻһԼ硣
壬ô
ַһʱͨ绰Ȳؿʵ
С㣬ڻԶʡ

ȻԶĻַһȻɫЩѿ壬ѵҰֵ˼ôˣǸһֻһ߰
С㣬ЩӣֻϢ
ԶӦȻַ㼫䲻ģֿڲ䣬ַңһ򲽽Ҫ飬Ҳˣʱ̫ˡ
֪ˣ塣
ٴԶĻַƵش
ȻܲģҲ֪Զ˵û㴦ҲҪȵ죬;ʵûκ塣
෴ͺ骳ǣͽǵĳ衣
ۿַҶϵ绰ǾʣַϵӸ磬ʶȤûп
Ȼû绰ͷĺԶ˵ʲôַĻشͱҲƶϳٴпܰװˣ
һַжǺܲˬģʱ򿪿ѯʽǹײûʲô
ǸһߣҪԸǣ֯ʱ̫ˣûȻȥ
ַٵؿڣûάϺӡ
õģָ硣
٣
Ӹ;Ⱥ󿪿ڻӦƺͬоʸַ㡣
á
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ʺӸ״Ҳٶ˵ʲôĿַ˳뿪󣬲Ÿ뿪
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ԶŮһĻһ̲סԼ
ǵġ
Ůӿֳ𰸡
㱿Դ룬Ȼַ뿪Ǿζˡ
еİûڸŨ
Ȼ
ûڹûڣû뿪ؿŻ԰Ĵţȴط͡˳
ԼĪСʱط˴ӻ԰߳
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ԡԲ𣬰ͣǻᱻŵˣԡ
Ůʷ˱ƣȦˡ
ԤǣֻҪͻͷһʱ
ϣҲãŮҲգڶԷǡ͹ȵʱûмᶨѡԷվһЯֹôעʧȥˡ
һΣͣ˽Ųղ˵Ů飬˿ŤͷŮڵһʱ͡Ͷͳ˵Ļ㻹ʲôʸԭ£
ҡ
Ů죬Զԡ
뵽ǰ˵Ǿ仰ֵط˵ҩܶ࣬ûкҩ
һ̣ŻȻǾ仰ǶַЧȻ
ͬʱ
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ǰ̻Ҹźüͷ鷿һж֤Ϊַ飬˲̡
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ž
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֣ҳҲ£ҿʵûס
ַʶؿڣΪԼοͽԣдԷ֡
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֣Ҿ͸㲻ˣǸ˸Ȼ书ǿֻһߣ㲻ҲͰˣŶҷô𣿡
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ɴ۾һµؿŭһľһ
һٶ
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1419 뻳
һƵַ㣬ˡ
Ϊ
û뵽ּһ߶Ըˡ
û뵽ﵽͷ֮һӦǸͷǷ𡢳⣡
֡Ǹʲô
ݵַŵ˵㲻ԸͷҲڷôɣ
֣С㶼ˣôµ֣
һΣڣַĸƿ鷿ţһ
Դַ鷿֮һֱվſڣŸ˵ĶԻֱ˿̲סҪָԤˡ
ţȥ
ûлشַĻһؿַĸףӹɡ

ַĸЩջͼ
ȥ
һϵ

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ΪǵļУӸλѳΪּҿߵѾܶûˣ෴ʲô飬Լ
ϲŭɫǴĻ֮һ
顪
ݵַĸԥһ£վǹ鷿š
һĻûٶַ㷢𣬶ǻصǰ£ȼһ֧̣š
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书ǿַԥһ£𰸡
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֣ǵڶԭʲôַʶʡ
ϣκǿĶȿΣҲǱؼôáǸܿ£ΣգͬҲᣬ㣬ȫκһһѾ޴Ĵȥ£
뵽õϢüͷøˣ֯ͼǸ黯Ϊ֯ͻáԣϵ֮֯󣬻ֱ֯ӻؾˣ֯ƶƻֱӱֱ̬

ַⷬ㳹ɵˡ
û뵽ǸһʼͬһĴڣǸԳطֵܵ꣬Ȼ˴
û

Դ
仰˵˵Ǹһ˾Ϳһţ
ΪֻݺŵʱŻһαŶԴݣĶòƸȵݡ
ټĻģŲж٣
Ϊ̫𺳣ַһӲŻع
Ȼ
ع󣬷ȼһ֧̣ȴûǼУ˳˼
֣ôˣ
ӹַ㿴ûлع̲סʵ
ƻ˺ٹʻ֯飬ֻڵؼǸС˵ϼ̬ȴΪһ̬߱Ǹ⣬黹ֻЭ̹ͨ׶ΣԶûеĳ̶ȣǲǺ֣
ͻȻڣʵַ㣬ʡ
֣ôһ˵Щ֡
ַҲ˵֯ƶƻĵĴţ˿ôһ˵ʶظͣȻһȻ뵽ʲô֡˼ǣǸпط磿
𣿡ʡ
񣡡
ַȻЩȻòط磬·ط̫ˣ˵һޣ
ߣطֵܣطҲȥ骰ɣڴϴ骳ҹ
֪ͳֱ֮Ӿըëˣ
⡭Щ֤пܾط磡
١ƻĺͻ֯͵ô
ЦһͻȻһλ߲еǿƣʵˣƻĺͻ֯һ




1420 ѵʹ
峿Ϧӵƽ¶˺ͮͮԴλɽֲӵܻء
صĲٳϣԤӵĳԱڽѵ
ʵϣ컹δʱ򣬾ѵˡ
վڰ칫ҵſڣѵϵΣЩ
ѵϣһӰɵĿ⡣
һףֲû죬ȴѾʮսԱһƬ
Ҷ
Ҷҵĺ˳ҶСϻ̶̼ʱ䣬׷طĲֱٵ
ܹڶ̶ʱԤӳԱĵһԭ
ڶԭֵܡ
Ķٴĺ̨ʹֵܣΪΪ׷Ĳƴȫֵء
ΪԤӵÿһλԱÿһλԱ뿪ӵΪ̿ѵŬߡɱУ
ҶСϻǸӣطСڵĻԲӦÿԽ
ţţ̲ס̾˿üĿ֮ź
ԣطⱲĽͬģط뿪Ⱳź
ּСӱطСӴˣưոô
ź֮࣬뵽顪ݣֲӵ鱨֪ͬСӹҼһס
塪
Ȼ칫ҵĵ绰Ȼ
תص칫ңһ룬ǷǾڲţüͷ΢΢һ
ιá
ɴɻ󣬽ͨ˵绰
𣿡Ͳдһ
ɣǣȴʡ
ãXXˡ绰ͷԱš
ãܲ
ɿػӦţȴŶԷ˵绰Ŀģгɻ
ΪǸּҹϵе˴绰ԼΪ飬ط磬׼ȷ˵ߣֲûκιϵԷûҵԼŶԡ
ãģֻ԰귢һ¼һĺߡ˿żɽ
Ȼ˵꣬ɱϣǸܲҴһ£Ȼߵ飬Ϊʲôѵ绰ˣӦȥһ֯߻ѧЭᰡ
˵ûǵȷӦһ֯
Ͽ˵Ȼ˵绰ĿģҴ绰ΪյϢǸĺߺпܾǻͷͨط磡
⣡
ٴ˵ĻͷһѵСӱ¶ˣ
ܲ˵
Ȼ𾪲ѣûͨ¶κǺƽ˵
ǻ뻪֯һǸݽкʵҪߵϡ鷳ṩطĻⱨ档ɫ
ǸܲӦ֪ǲӹƶɭϣܶϢϸܵģҪǱеһϼ׳ͬ⣬ûǡòؾܾ
˵һҶ֪ҵϼ쵼Ӧúܿͻϼ׳ͨҴ绰ǰͨ˵˵
ȻˣֻҪϼ׳һϸִԭֲսԱطĻⱨṩǣҪϸܣüͷһӦ
ģǶǵĹء
ɫȻɿ䣬ֱӹҶ˵绰
ͨһõͷǶԷûаյĻӦò绰
·Ϊӡ֤ɵĲ²һ㣬ǰŸչ˵绰绰ٴ𣬴ư칫ҵİ
һΣĺǾڲĺ룬ǸɶԣΪϤؼҴԺ
ãȫ
绰ͨؽ鷿ȫվԣŵ绰ͬһǹһһֺʽĿ˵׳תһ
׳ָʾ
ͬȫһҲվñֱ˵
Ȼ֪ȻȫôʽĿǸԼ˵ôؽȻߵģ׳Ǻؽġ
ɣȫϾʵݣṩԭֲУطϡȫ˵
ǣ
ɵһʱȻʵ׳Աͨ
׳ɾͨȫ»Ͳؽ㱨
ؽԣüȻӹͲͳʣɣǶ飿뿹
׳ɲң
ɴӦȻ󻰷һתǡ
ûô൫ǣϸִ
ؽֱӴϣɺĻ˻ȥ
ǣ׳
ֻý˵Ļʻضӣͬ˪һ㣬ֱˡ
⣬ɣסǾȷ֤֤Ǹԭֲӵط磬Ͼͻ֯طץһΣֻɹʧܣ
ؽٴοڣ࣬ӹɡ
£ɻػֱӹҶ˵绰
ཡཡ
Ͳдäɷ»Ͳ̲ס׳Ϊʲôԭһһӵѣѵʹ𣿡
ûд𰸡
ɵİ칫һƬ
ؽ鷿Ȼ
鷿ȫѾ뿪ؽվڴߣԺϻ




1421 Ϊն
Ϊȫļʻ֮һྩʻ賿㿪ʼ˾ͶȵϾŵʱ򣬻Ϊ
ȺУط米һŴ޺Ⱥ⻪ѧЭĳԱһͬǰ̨ǻ
Ȼطѵַһ϶û鷢ǾŴ޺һͬ뿪ӶʵݣƻĺյһƬġ
ԲĿǰƳ޷ǻ
ط罫ս̨ĻԱ󣬶Էز֮Ǹ˵
Ƴ
ԱĻطüͷһ˲µʲôּûϢˣ
Ǻ⻪ѧЭģĲμӻѧᣬֵôᱻƳ
ͬʱطŴţ̲סʵ
ǸϵͳʾģҪʾԱ̨ԱһǸ⡣
֪ˣлл
ط΢ЦлȻӹԼĻա
ֵܣʲôŴţһ⡣
ʦôƳˣʲô𣿡
طӦ⻪ѧЭ᳤޺˹طʵݱ¶ˡ
޻᳤Ѿۻʱ˷ЩִԷܶùϵʵʩطʵ˵
ʲʲô£
ط粢Ϊݱ¶Ƴ޺˿ȻҸѧЭ᳤绰Э¡
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طҡҡͷȻ֪׷ʲôȻּҲԸϢˣʢǾûõġ
ðɡ
޺ԣ˵ͷ
ţֵܣȰȥ绰Ժϵ
طŴţļȻԴ޺ʾһ£㾶ֱ˻һ԰Ľ䡣
Ϊ˱ԼյͨԺ⻪ѧЭĳԱ
ͬʱ
ྩĺԺսɵͨԥһ£ûȸط绰Ŷƻĵķſڣ˷š
ɡ
ƻԭڴ۾
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ʲô۶ӣ
ƻüͷһ̬ѾܼˣԷȻģЩ
ղţɸҴ绰
ڵ绰һУ㱨ƻġ
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ͨԷ˵ʲôƻָʾ
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յͷȻƻĵͨ绰ãܲ
ã䲿ǾͨһЩ֤ݺϢػɺ⻪ѧЭǻͷͨط磡
绰ͷ˿żɽΪ˺ʵȷһ㣬ǿ뻪֯ЭȡǸѪҺëȻõм飬طĻⱨжԱȡȷǸطĻǾٵ飬Ӷǻ֯չ黯
üͷһûп
⣬䲿ǵ֪Ҫɻ뾳֮Ѿ뾳ڻʵʩ˶ء֮⣬Ǳ߸Ǵ֧ϣѾԭֲսԱطĻⱨ潻ǣæ
ۿղ˵ٴοڣ̬ڵú̬ܵͣȺܳϿңȻ֪Ǳ߿ЩΪѣҶΪ˹ȸǱ߻㱨һβͬĻϼ쵼㱨
õģܲȸ쵼㱨Ժص绰룬ظ
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ƻüͷȻָʾط绰ǶԣԷͨķʽʵطݣ⼸ûκ壬ط֪ԼƳһƢǾѰˡ
ǣʦ
Ҫطĵ绰طˡ
С磬ҸҪ绰ʹˡ
յһʱͨ绰Ȼ˵ʲôƻվؽֻƻġ
С磬ƻġƻĽӹֻ˵
ãƴʦطʺãʮ𾴡
С磬Ѿ֪㱻ƳϢղţҲһ㱨飬ĿǰԷΪط磬õѪҺëȥ⣬֮ǰĻⱨ˶ԣ㲻ط磬鵽Ϊֹ
ƻԼؽּǱߵж˼ط硣
ƴʦھϢܼܸߣõҪҵϲͬ⡣طԣüͷһ
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ƻĸȷд𸴣ϲѾʱĻⱨ潻ǡ
ƴʦؽͷ˰ɣ
ٴƻĵĻطĬ˺ü룬ſʵ
š
˵ʲô
ȫϾĹһǾȷ֤֤ݣҪϾͻ֯ץһΣֻɹʧܣ
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طٶȳĬ
С磬֪⻰ﲻΪ˱סݣҽһ¡
طĳĬƻĸеһ˿æ˵㱣֤յĽֻһ㲻ط磡
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طӦͳ˻ơ
ط˻Ƶƻĺͬʱеһۡ
Ϊ
Ƕ֪Ǹ޼ɣðһЩͷ۶ɵ꣬ѡϣݣԭ
һ겻ǡ
Լ




1422 ؼ֮
ĸСʱ
Լİ칫￴ݻⱨĶԱȣȫͬ
ɫЩѿ
Ȼּڱƶ棬ʵʩ
Ϊ˺ʵȷǲط磬ֲӡ֯Ⱥ˽ǢЭ̡
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ǻ֯
һ棬֮֯ǰѾ黯ˣǵΪӰ˻֯Ĺ
ΪҪǣƻڴ֮ǰѾ̬ˣ̬ȸ

뵽˴һƵ̾˿Ȼֻͨĵ绰
ָ磬ˣط粻һˡ绰ͨͳ˵
Ȼһˡ
绰ͷ𰸺ֱüͷȻ󲻵˻ػʵȷûκ⣿Ҳ˵߼ⱨ治ڱ
ָ磬Ǿ˲ọ̈̄ǸϽȡͷ͵ȫ̼ؼԱм⣬ֱõյı档
Ƶ˵Ҳϣ⣬һ̣⣬ֻܽ뿴Ľ
ðɣ֪ˣȥǱ˵һ
ٴ˵ĻͬƵؽλ̼ߵֲεˣһȲ裬ҰҲϡ
õģָ硣
ԣеһɨա
Ϊּ֮ҲãҲգģ

Сʱ
ΪֲƶߵɣؼҴԺ
ͬһȫſӭɣȻɴؽ鷿
鷿ؽͬһһװǰļ
׳ǰ㱨
鷿֮վñֱ㱨
ļؽͷҲû̧˵һ䡣
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ɵһʱӦȻһԵɳϣժñӣŵһԣ̧ͷͦأ˫ִڴϣһ˵ˡ
˵ˣ˵ɡ
Ӻؽͷļߵĺͷļ̧ͷһɡ
׳ںݺʵˡ
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ȫҡҡͷȻֲǰʱһᶨڲռطϢ㱨׳㱨ͣˡ׼ȷ˵ԴطΪͷͨϳ֮׳Ͳٹעطˡ

ȫĻüͷһ˵ʲô־òʣտЦһ£ˣ˺Ⱦơ
ǡǵõҵλС
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֮̾࣬Ϊͬط޷Ϊطκ飬ֻҡҡͷԼķ䡣
ͬʱ
ྩʻ
طӹͨǰǻڡ
ղҲӵ˾Ǳߵ֪֪ͨݺʵĽҵ֪طƱˣӶطһຽĵǻ
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ʱطȫԲˣǿطȫغߣ
壬һᾡݳΪʷ
طӸ𸴣Ȼս˫ȭһڱصã




1423 ֵܣǿ
ַྩֻ԰귢ִ˫֣ƾһλԳطֵַܵһ٣
磬ڻתаƬƵ˲Сĺ䶯

ǰΪû꣬ҪԲ˶ߣ
ּҷǱȻģּҵ׻ô

˺䶯֮⣬黹飬ܶ˶Ϊ黹ûнͬʱּҵ׻
ڶϣ˶ȵ˴𰸡
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Ϣͬһذըڻ̽ը죬̽ᡣ
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ʶ׸ıΪ̽籱ľͷڻ̽Ӱ޴ǺܶүϿͣ˵ޣ
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־ϧˣǸĶӿˡ
ǰûȥּҹӸ磬ּҹӸܹǵ𣿡
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鷢֮ǸΪֵ΢Ⱥֱըˡ
жڣͣѯ͵׷ʲô
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֮⣬Ȼڵ֪ϢҲһʱϵͣҲͬĽ
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ѩ˵Լ̽ϢȻ˵ԼĿȻּûҴӺܶ˵ܹ֡쵽ڵλãԲǿаΪֻǱȥЭ飬֮ͻų
š
Ӧһδѩⷬ顣
Ϊ֪ǣЭģ붼
οѩ˵һջʵ֣ҲԼױһˣԼĸɨأΪ̽С
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ѩ·ܹܵ͵ıˣٴڣ͵ĳƺֱţҲࡣ
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طǰຽʮ֮ѩһֻطĵ绰绰˳شͨˡ
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Э飿ǳˣ
طԣһüĿ֮ŭ⡣
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Ŀǰ˵
ѩشȻʵӺ绰ȾƣԸ⣬ҪҪӴ绰οһ£
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ط룬ûнѩĽ顣
Ϊ֪һүǣ֮󣬾Բ߿οǻĬĬ˿ڣ˿Ϻ󣬰ͷս
ֵܣһүǣ
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ط˫ȭգǷݶͻƻ۷ĿͶٶ
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ϢݣɭûлظƬ
һطģһġ
ž
ɭȼƬճ˻ҽ
ɱɷŹ
һɫ磬뿪˱




1424 ݱ¶
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һæĻҲǼôڶʻ
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һУֻΪ¸绪ǰéĻ˾ۼأǻĵһԵѡ֮֮һ
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Ҳ¸绪˻ˡѸǡ̳ǡñӣ໪Ů
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һͷžµױݣͿĨ޵Ŀں죬һɫȹɫ߸Ьջˡ
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ѧ֮ӥͼ˴һ£Լһͬϵ¸绪ΪƳһ졣

˵ӵʱ˽ֵƹ貣ַ֯Ƿ
һɫĽɭ˽ֿڣһλڽֿڵĺԺһһԾͬһĺԺУںڰУ̿磬ûбЩ¿˵ضûв׽κλ档
ϸӦһȻȻϢؽһ䷿䡣
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ৣ
ͬʱɭںڰ͵˫ۣɱŨңͬһɱѣ




1425 
ҹĻ£ط³µ߽ͬĺԺȻŲȥ
ӥ䡢Ժ׷ӭӡ
ֵܣˣ
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ৣ
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뵽Щ֮оȻӿֳһ˿ڴڴطܹѹ֮ͻƣ
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1426 ս۷ǿߣ
׶һսͬٴ۷ǿߣطûѡеơ
׼ȷ˵һսˡ
Ϊѧ֮ƻһֱδͻƻ۷壬Ϊÿһ֮սӶԣʼ޷Խޣ
һսҪԼ֮ض
ৡ
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ڴطֱܹͻƻ۷塣
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ܣطͻƵ˲䣬ʵʩɱһʱطעͻϣ޷ֵ
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طֹͣɭһмЦȻ޷ͻƣǾͲҪˣûκ塣
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䣬ɭٴγ֡
һΣ⣬ٶ˲䱩ǣһ֮䣬ٴ׷ط磬𣬻ΪطԴ
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Хطֻ΢ƫһԴͬʱһھӿ磬γھС
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ŰɭֵһƬͨ죬Щ顣
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á̡Լδ˵ɭֺ




1427 ͻƻ۷壡
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طƱ仯ӦطǷɱ⣬ɭͫ΢΢Ŵ󣬸еһ˿졣
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1428 ħط޵У
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οطոͻƣ޷Ӧͻƺھȱ仯޷ӳǿս

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طһȭɭ֮ȭǰݺݵ˽ɭؿϡ
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1429 ߣһ
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һĻɭֹסΣ˲йͬ˪һ㣬ֱˡ
Ϊͻƻ۷ط磬Ȼǿǰǿ󣬵սѳԽ۷ǿߣ۷ǿߺ;ǿ֮䡣
ˣ´߶˻ҩҩҲֻʱӵжǿߵʵ޷ط磬û˿ߵĻᡣ
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ˣطȻûиɭκδϢĻᣬһǰ˳һɭ

Ѿ֪ɣɭҲûԴУٴζô̿˴书ɱСɱΪһնطơ
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ۡ
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1430 жجΣ
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һ̣󲻵طôǸͻƻ۷ط磬ԻΪежجΣ




1431 ϲڴ
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ɱ۷ǿ׾٣ĴӾǿߡط룬һش
ããã
ٴطĻճ˿˵á
Ϊط˵ӽ󣬳Щֻ̤񾳵Ϲ˿ɱط硣
طİȫõı֤
壬ƴʦչԽϢͬʱһЩ⡣ط˵
ʦӦǱչˡͻƻ۷Ǵ£ʯͷأһӰڰļƻɣԺȥ㱨£Ǳߵȵ绰ɡ
ӦȻЦȰϢɣթę́ȡԣɿ϶ֽ֣϶͡
壬ҾͲǴ绰ˡ
ôһ˵طԸɺ͸ĸ绰ͷ
Ȼزǰʱ䳷˶ɺ򸾵ĵ飬ַ鷢֮طҲ޷֤زŻ᲻ıԡ
һԼ绰ĻϢ©СӰ쵽˵Ĺ;Ǵ¡
յͨطڶ绰ѩ㡣
ѹկˣڸʲô
֮ͬǰһ绰ͨطȿڣʮַɡ
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طĻѩһ²µʲôЦŵҲһ¡ţҼɽӦͻƻ۷ˡ
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طֻֽԼͻƵĹ̸ѩ㡣
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ѩ㣬飬һ£ǲӲܡ
ط˵ԼĽ飬㾡ҶǾۼһ£һıߣøԴܲܰƽ顣
ã
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Ҹʹ绰ط׼ͨ
һֱȻѩ㾭ָأҵ绰࣬绰Ǽӡ
ţչ˺Լ
ѩһҶ˵绰

طһһ˼Ųͨ͵ĵ绰
衭ӡ
͵ܿͨߵ紫طĶУ˻ƣͳ
أˣطа̾˿ʵ
ӣܡʹʣڷ
֪ͣھΣΪǣ֡ʵֵϵҪ˵ǣӦǣˡط΢΢һʹȻ󿪿ڻص
ӡ
֪ͣģΪȺּҡңú춦ֲҼ˶ؼңôìͷ׼ֵǣôҶ֣طֱӴ͵Ļ
ӣ¸ûϵ
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ðɣͣˡҸ绰¡
طó͵˼ΪжȻһһתһҸղŸѩ˵ˣԺ֯Ҷһ֣оԲߣһԴ
ӡ
ͣѾ˾ѩܿͻʵԣʲô˵˵Ҳûá
طڶδ͵ĻƺܰԵȴижѡ
õģӣģڶʲôͺۣĨһᣬʵ
ͻƻ۷ˡ
طǸشȻ֪Ͳе壬ֽ͵һʽ˵һһھܰȫֵܽǲҪġ
ڶһͿԹػػģͷԡ
ĳЩ˻һȥʱЩҫˣһһΣ
衭ӣֵǵ
һϵıˡһɨգȡ֮޵ڴ㽡
طع֮գǷ֮ʱ




1432 Ҫһս
ҹɫīƻ綹ټྩ½ԺԺһƬֻмԺɢɢļʽĽ¥ŵƹ⡣
ӽʱһγʻԺŴԺĻ·ʻ
ţͨ죬û죬һɵЦ
ȻѾ֪ͻƻ۷üСʱˣרȥҶĽ¥Ҷɺպһپƣֱ˿̣Ȼ˷ܲѡ
Ϊ˵طڵʵھȷȫˣὫķŵȥ
׳ˡ
Ƭ̺˾ͣڽ¥ſڣŤͷȻһɵЦкԼ׳ʲôĵ飬ûҶʣǹ˵
õģˣȥϢɡ
ԣعЦЦȻܾ˾Լ³żȥ

ܿģָƽУỹû˯Ǵ˯£ڿԼǰĲ輸Ϸõİ׿ˮ
ϰߣֻҪȥȾƣ۶ȣȻȿˮϴȥ˯
ûȶɣ
ۿţվһһ߹ĵʵ
ȵе࣬û£û
һҡΣһ߻ЬһɵЦŻص
Ǹ˭ȥˣȵôģ
ЩɻԴӶӱϳ֮Ƿ޶˳з£ûкù
һ£ȥȾƣ̶ܴҲΪ˽ƣһֺǵģ
£һѲסĸ첲׼ȥˮ
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ʵϣӽ֮;ʲôϲ£ûʡ
ͻˡ
³֣ԺǸоϿǻֵý
ͻˣ˵ѧͻˣһʶʲô
ԭһѧ⺺Ϊϰ䣬㿪ʼ˽ѧһУҲ֪һֱڻڡ
š
ͷȻֲո˵ѧͻ֮ھ⼸ΣˣǷſġ
̫̫ˣ
ٴĻἤûһȻ˺ܾõ¶һõЦݡ
ѾܾûԷθЦˡ
ط֮ǰݻع͵͵صУЦͬʱȻš
Ȼ
ЦţЦţֿӡ
û裬ֻ̫ˣ

ˡĲ򸾡
ΪطʦҶȻ
ɽǶ¥СԺҶϣ̡
Ǻͬһʱ뿪ģȥƻĻ㱨طͻƵ顣
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ҶͷһĽǸоԶΪѧźͻΪֵø˺ͽ
Сʦʸ񽾰ɿЦá
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ֱӱ仰µǺһ̣˺ụ̈̾˵أɴıǻֱİĽ
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˵ΪıֵĹؼ
˵ܲ𣿡
Сܵȫۣ֮Ҵ޺ҲẬЦȪ
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ǺңԶ飬ú۾ŰɣͽνֵЩ˸Ӱ㣡
Ҷļһڴ
ҶĬʹȴͽܱǿ
һСʱ
ɸҶ˳ֲӻصʱѾҵƻģʵطͻƻ۷壬ɱɭ㱨ƻġ
ããð
ӱչ״̬ѵƻģϢ֮ͬǰһ˵˵á
ʦС˵ҪԸ绰ϢͬʱһЩ⣬ڲͨĵ绰˵䣿Цʡ
á
ƻĵͷͬ⡣
ղٷϻһʱóֻͨطĵ绰Ȼֻƻġ
С磬СѾһ㱨ͻƻ۷飬ף㣡
绰ͨƻȿڣףء
ллƴʦ
ط緢ĵرʾмѣҲ޷˶̵ʱͻƣҺпܻɥȪ
С磬ֻѣȥˣȥˣƾ㳬ǿ츳ɹͻˣԼŬƴģøҵл
ƻǸ˻ӦȻ󻰷һתʵС˵ڵʵ۷ǿߺ;ǿ֮䣿
ǵģƴʦطص
ȻˣͲҪعɱɭ飬ҲҪͻƻ۷飬Ҫطݡ
ƻĸ飬һ棬ոͻƣҪһʱ乮̾磬Ϥջ۷һСһ棬Գ躹ޡ
躹ޣطһ
ǵġ¸ҹȻɾںܶʱΪһˣһǿߣҪ¸ңҪηľ񣬵躹޿һЩ򵥡Ȼ躹޲ųȷ˵һѱʣ¶âһʣؽȾѪ
ƻ˵ͣһ£ȻǸˣӦҵ˼ȻôѡԼôѡҶ֧㡣
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طȷʵƻĵ֮
Ȼͻ˻۷壬û޵еĵزһǼߵ£пܻһЩĴɵǽЩĵ̡벽񾳵ϹﲻǼľǿ߶Χ˵Ļɡ
ƻĵȥĻжԸûʲô𡪡ΪежجΣ
ȵЩȷͻƻ۷ʱ򣬻ƻ˶ˡ
á
طͬԼĽ飬ƻĿһЦȻһ£ֵʱ䣬ҪչأԹ̾硢ʵΪڶԺڰᶯ֣ҳ˵
ƴʦǵİ¹˹ڵʱأطһ뵽ʲô
š
ƻûзһ㣬ͬʱ˵С磬¹˹Ҫȴ˵кеĸǿڰһսҲı;ĸ֡⽫һҪһս


1433 ݳ
ҹŷĳųǱһƬڣĿ¡
һ˽˳ǱһĳǱÿ궨ʱйǰȥά֮⣬ļûס
ʵϣǱ˾סǴ̿˵ܾݵ֮һ
ųǱһӵķΪ̿Ĭˣһ£ϥڷмһϣڤûкȫҹΪһ塣
̥ϢķʽкǴ̿˴书ص֮һɱʵʩɱʱõԼԺͻȻѣﵽһɱĿġ
ͻȻ⴫˽ŲĬҲ֮ڤѡ
죬ӥ
ܿ죬ŲȻֹȡ֮һͳг𾴡
ɡĬ˳
֨
⣬һɫ£źɫֵˣ֮Ŷ룬ϵķŷڰҹԵø̶
죡
źӥˣ뷿䣬һʱĬ˾Ϲ
𣿽ɭʲôĬ˿żɽʵ
ǰɭִ¸绪רŻ㱨ɱɷŹõ
Ȼ
ȥˣǸΪطţɭʹ̿˵һ鱨ԱͳͳûѶ
죬ɭӦˡ
ӥžϹƣ̧ͷĬˣػ㱨
ôģ˭ɱǣ
ĬɫһѪʵ
ϽɭǴ̿˵ζطʵʩɱʧˣѾƵˣ̿˵ĳ裬λ̿˵춼޷ˣ
죬Ҷе鱨ûв鵽
ӥɫѿ˵ţȻٴξϹܣԸκʽĳͷ
飬
Ĭһָ࣬ʾӹɡ
ǣ죡
ӥһʱȻԥһ£ʵ죬һֱûнĻԼӵشӽ֯Ϣ𣿡
ҽ֯Ǹ׳ôý֯ЦǣΪǴ̿˲ɱܣ֯ɱֱʲôɱĶ֪
Ĭ˺ĲȻŭɱȻϢ鲻㲻ûˣ
Ǹ죬ҺͿˣһ࣡
ܵĬɱ⣬ӥŵûֱ£øˣʾʮȡ
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ΪΪǿߵĬˣǰ񾳵һƾһ뻯ɱνİ벽ǿҲ塣
һɱ
ôܵ˵ȥҽ֯أ
뿪ųǱ֮󣬺ӥ뵽֮ǰĬ˵ĶԻԼͿ
ͬʱ·˹
Ϊ֯ϯߣԼ鷿Źż
鷿ĵǹŵģϵһյ͵ţƹںڰҡҷ
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үүɭ𣿡
ۿֽƣԲˣֱӿżɽʵ
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ϯЦеؿȣȤʡ
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Ϊʲôɱ˽ɭ
ϯ߼ʵԼıŮطĴ˵Уϣ˶ʧʧȥһ鱨Աе侲ͷԡ
ԣÿϯ̸ط飬֮䶼ʺͻشķʽн
ط硣
˵еĴ𰸡
Ŷϵ۰
ϯԣŵؾһȻЦеװȣҵıȻѾµ˴𰸣ΪʲôҪأѵֻ֤𣿡
үүǸңطɱ˽ɭɻ󡣡
˵ĿģһɭǻطɱģΪʲôûڰⲻ硣ңĻĵжɾ޴
ڶɭ۷ǿ޵еĴڣ԰ɱֶΣǿ߶ɵڻط֣֮ǻطȻͻս۷塣ʲôʵ
װȣʵһ𰸡
ϯЦĿǣһǵطȻͻˣһʣɱɭ֮û£Ϊͻƺʵɻɱ۷ǿߣ޷ǿߡĻ·񣬲£пֱɱжӪˣ
Ӧ
˼صͷ
װȣúͰɣݳӦûʡ
ϯ΢΢һЦڴڰҲã̿Ҳգᱻģ




1434 ƲԳԷƣ
ϯȽ̸ͬʱŷһڰᵱܾݵĳǱ
ڰ֮˶˳ǱĴ
Ϊڰʦ÷ʹϰ²˶ڣ·רŵȴ˶ĵ
÷ˡ²˳ϡ
˶÷Ͱ²ˣ
Դ̩ȱطͬɥ֮Ȯһ֮ĿǸĴ˳ܴ֮Դ÷Ͱ²˿ࡣ
˶ô
÷Ͱ²΢΢ףȻǰ߿ʵ
÷ˣҴﵽƿĿǰ
˶ʵصȻ˵÷Ͱ²˵Ŀģ÷ˣ룬ǸǲطǸ飬ǶԽץϾʵǿȻĳž书ȻطǸ飬һã
˶ɡ
÷ҡҡͷܸɴؾܾ˶顣
Ϊʲô˶üͷ
ΪµõϢ̿˵Ľɭǰ¸绪Ӧȥɱط˵ǸˡԴص¸绪֮󣬽ɭ伣ˣǸúúõġ
˼طǸɱ˽ɭ
˶ԣɫһ䣬Ȼҡͷ⡭ܣɭ۷ǿп޵еĴڣҾͨɱ֮Ǿǿ֣߳
û˵ɭǱطɱġ
÷о˸ɫ飬˵طһпɻɱ۷ǿߵĴڣ
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һ£ֻ÷Գ֣пܽط׽
Ϊпƻĳ֡
ʱ²˿ˣһصطμȫֱʱԡֵ޺ձĹҰǰȥɱƻͳͳУ
ţųƻԳֵĿԡ
÷ͷȻͬһصؿ˶˶֪ڼʵҪúɨһսΪ˴ֿǣ飬ǲżҪıҪʱҪȵ
š
ٴ÷Ļ˶ЩƵص˵ͷ
Сٲģľ棬Ҳ޼ƿʩ
Ϊ÷ľǶԵģûȨʸҪ÷Ϊȥգ
÷壬ˣ룬սֲӦ޶԰ɣ
͵˶Ĭͬʱ²ͻȻ뵽ʲô÷ʵ
սֿ϶顣
÷ͷо˸ǵȵȿ˵
£üĿ֮ҲӿֳһĨȡĿǰƶԺڰʮֲ¹˹ٳûгأ
˼֮⣬иڴ
ΪǸ¹˹αչʱôãпڳصʱͻƴ˵е񾳣һ磡

ʢ٣սܲ
Ϊ۷ǿߣսְָͬʱȫѧְִĵɭսָ˵İ칫ҡ
߱չãһǰأս֡
ͷ
ɭ칫ңһսָ˿
ɭһЩ˵һ˵żɽ
ǣͷ
ɭһʱȻ˳һ˼·ſڻ㱨չصʱ
û뵽ǸطĻСӾȻɳزȥǰſˡ
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սֶԣĻ֯ѧ綼Ƕ֡
һطıǿսֶԲǺ¡
οյɭ˵ط绹ƿ˼ĵϰڵɭ¶²˺˵Ƥӵ£Ȼ뿪
ط뿪֮ûеһʱӳǱ˹ά˹ҵȫ̸ֵɵºޣǿƻɱҽֵ˸ʱŵ壬ȫ磡
սֶһƣԳƵϳ裡
ǵģطСӼֱ̫ˣ
ɭԣ뵽Լϴ¶²˺ץطḶ́ΪȻصͷСȫս֣Ҳ̤һй򣡡
ЩǲΥģǾǿ߶Уôʱ̶ᱻϵ۲Զ
ЦһȻʵղ˵ǸͻȻðĻǸطСӡе顢ʵǲһˣ
ͷǸð֮ҵһʱϣϿκζߡǣ͸⻪ѧЭڲȥ飬֪ǸǺ⻪ѧЭ᳤޺ϵģ˶֪顣
ɭ˵̲סüͷ֮⣬һһ鱨ȥǸʦˣûй˵κϢ
ɣϵ޺ǸսһˣҪʵһЩϢ
Ƭ̣ʱ㲻ҪʵʦľݣҪŪ̿˽ɭʧࡣ
õģͷ
ɭȻ̲סʵͷһǸСһﲻأ
Ȼ͹սֹܣϵ飬Ǹء
ЦһһǿƵûĵĻ˵ƲԳԷƣȥһ¸绪ץ




1435 ǰ
ɭ뿪İ칫Һ󣬲ûϵ޺һߺʽȣһ˼ʲôķʽ޺̸һЩ
Ϊ޺Ǻ⻪ѧЭĻ᳤һǿߣҪһء
ΪҪǣǲط磬ᣬӵлܶǿߵʵȻһĸ֮ˡ
ˣĿǿжԷһЩ飬ԷķС
Ӻ󣬵ɭһȣҲ˼·Ȼͨ˴޺ĵ绰ã޴ʦǵɭ
ãɭʦ
޺ܿӦƺɭΪʦͬʱӿֳһõԤС
Ȼˣѧʵǿͷź⻪ѧЭ᳤ͷΣսִӲ鷳Ҳϵ
񣬻ѧոսɭ绰ܵʶ׼ȷ˵طйء
޴ʦϲ⻪ѧЭڻѧдʡɭ΢ЦŹϲ
лл
޺ʾлȴŶԷ򿪴˵
޴ʦЭڱλѧбͻֳ֪֮һͬʱս֡
󣬵ɭֱ⣬ʵ˽̸ϰߣûôơ
ɭʦԭΪ°
޺ӡ֤ԼĲ²⣬ֵúܵѻӦʮֱǸԸս֡Ϊ̸顣
Ŷ
޺ĻشõɭЩ⣬ϸ˼֮Ϊ޺ѣûдƴ޺Ļԣǻһַʽ⣬⣬Ͼ󲿷߶ϲɡɣ޻᳤ϵһÿֳһ棬Ӧûɣ
ɭʦ飬û𰸡Ҫһˡ޺ص
õģ޴ʦ鷳ˣҵظɭҲûżǺܿ
ⷬûô޺ã෴ڽͨ󣬶üͷ
֪ط磬ģ
ط統ս޴棬սͻȻҪֱ˾֮·˽֪
ͬҲطȻǲȥսܲģҶսֺܷУ
Ѿ֪˴𰸣޺ǲͨطֻбҪط¡
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绰ܿͨͲﴫط
ʦҸղŽӵսֵĵ绰
޺ֱ⣬ԼղŽӵɭ绰ط磬ΪԷһƺطΪʦ
ɭô
޺תط˲µս⣬ͬʱ뵽˵ɭˡ
ѵƿ˼ĵϰ֮󣬽ϰʣɭޡ¶Ͱ²˶ʵʩΧˣձɹߡ
ǵģսֵĸְսֵճ޺ص
޴ʦ鷳ǣûȤս֣Ŀǰڱչûʱȥط˵
õġ
޺طĻӦûиеκ⣬ͬʱѵ⣬㣬ǶģҲ⣬пܻȥ¸绪㣬ԼСġ
ҵϣǸɭ¸绪һҿԸúˣط΢΢ۣӦ
ţ
Ȼط仰ܵط֮еǿƣ޺һһסطͻƻ۷ˣ
еĵǵȻ޴棡
Ϊطڻڵʱɻɱǿߣһͻƻ۷壬ս۷ǿ֮ϣµɭ¸绪ҪԱ
뵽Щ֮󣬴޺ûڻ˵ʲôط纮䣬Ҷ˵绰
֮ˣΪط绹ûϤıߵķϣΪ֪طһǶıˣȫҪıߡ

ͬʱ
ŦԼΪƿ˼ƶߵ˹Լı鷿˶ӵϰ
ףҡ
ϰһʱ˹񣬱ЩԴϴοб֮˹һټ
˹״δѩѷ̻Ҹͬʱǰİ뱭һ
һУŵϰһһϰҵĺӣΪϴڿбٰɶԵüߣв˶ܴǸ㾺Щֵܡ
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ĸ˹Ȼƿ˼ƶߣһеүү
Բں˶ԲܲںүүĿ
ΪүүĿԾδ
ϰҵĻүүֻЩʧѣǾ
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һ̣Ǹ˶֪ǸΪɱ֮ʵڰ¶֮ϵĽɭѾطͽˣ




1436 ̫㣬ԸϹ
ϰ˵㣬ϰŦԼʻ
һĳ۷ǿʵİ¶֮⣬һ۾ˡ
ƿ˼ĳҵCEOǵϰЭϰƿ˼ڼô⡣
ںֶƿ˼ã˹ΪԼӵδνǲġ
Ϊ˲Լ׵ϰĿ磬˴ǰ¸绪ûг˽˷ɻǵ͵سʺࡣ
ϰүиⲻ֪òʡ
ӹ֮ͨͨ۾˿ͻȻڵ
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ϰ΢΢һЦԿֵúܿ
Ϊ֪ŷǳڵڼôҪá
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Ϊ޲صŮ¸绪֪Ҫ¸绪μӵʹŮƵɶԡ
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΢΢һЦܵϰǲźۼƨͬʱΪϰĲԲ
ؼƿ˼ĲȷСؼҲǱǰļ壬޲ĲƸֻһŮ
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ϰĹӸ磬ŵϰŮ˵ֶΡ
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ǵϰ¶Ҳϴ鹢ڻΪطɹߣеĳ֮һ
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¸绪Ǳֳأ϶ͨһЩ֪ϢңҵĵΪշɶԵ̸ۻ⡣
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ŶϵۣϰүͻȻһŮ˱һѶˡ
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1437 ¸绪ҹ
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仰˵һɶԵ޷ƽϢɶзͻ¼μɶԿ˵ȫ֤ˣɶʧܵģȥǷǳһ¡
⣬û´ĻҺμɶԣӦ㸸׵˼
ƻعٴοڣƽＫߴ͸ҲƵɫԽԽѿһ£ɶϳ飬㸸׻ô
ৣ
Ƶɫٴһ䣬ýֺͷҲ뵽ĸףλżôҹȨĵʹԲϣ鷢
ҿȷظ㣬ɶϷ⣬ʱ·񣬾Բֻ򡤷غļ壬㸸ף
˵仰ʱµ쳹԰磬Ǹо·𿴵ط̤ƽؼΡ
⣡
µĻ£ͷһҲܿƵز
ȻµĻ޴ĳҲ޴壡
졭򡭡Ҫ¾˰ɣ
һ̣˵ע£Ϊɶ˵ƣĿͶԵгŲڶûгƺΪװģֱдԵĲ
ģƣôԱŵ
ƵıֺͷӦǳüͷŭ
ҡҸײԸ뻪طΪС
ŬŬ죬Լĸƣ˶֪±ط籨
Ͼ˵Ӱ
طڹȥʱȫѧѪɫ籩κһľսɱ
ƣ㲻Ҫ£ϰ˴ôƿ˼ѧǿ߰¶֮⣬սֵĵɭʦҲˡһ£ǸطҳֵĻɡܣҲ޷ʲôһĵ˵
ԣ֮ԸҳطĵҪ£ΪΪؼĹ֮⣬̶ܴҲǵϰĵʮ㣡

ôһ˵һϵĿֻˡ
ΪûиԼѣǸ޿֣ҲΪղ˵һУ
ΪҪǣϿĻطȻ£¶͵ɭλǿ߿ɱط磡
͵ĿֻŵͬʱߵµԣͬһһѹȸС
ӣô
һĻһνĿͶ£ͬڸϣǽһ߸ϡ
ˣ
˵ǻطҳ֣Ҳˣ
ĻվͬͻСУ֮⣬ɶֳ˶Լͬӿֳͷ
ô
˫ȣ£
·Ϊӡ֤˵жƵģһοڣǷУӹɡ
ǣС㣡
Ҫһ߶µ˫ȡ
²㲻ֻͫ΢΢
ס֣
ʱһ
һѪ˱ſڣþȫֹ
üͷһû³֣Ťͷһɱէ֣ô
ؼ壬뱻ô
һ̡
һشһһֻдͬһɶֳը죡
У˷ŭɱ⣡
ط




1441 һŭΪ

طŭֶ֧֪ӵĳԱԷǣǽǰμɶԵĿˣͳͳסˡ
ǲ֪ʲôˣҲ޷һҪţƵֵزŸ˵÷ؼֻ
ܹ̺ŭɱ⣬ͬʱҲܲԷǾǿЦĿǣ
⡭𾪲ѣ
ǻطô
ƺǵıڣͬòᣬͬʱԺеһʱ両ֳһ֡
ǿټļô󣬸̳ݻģ˻ط֮⣬Ҳڶˣ
ô
ſڣһ󣬼ѪԴ㽫ֻ˦˳ȥ
԰µͫ׶ȻŴʼδ¶Ưϣͬӿֳ޷εļ
Ƕˣط
졭򣬶ԡԷӦӦǻط磡
֮࣬ٴνĿͶԵиոɢĿֻٴӿ֣Ҳٴβ»˰ɣ
ȥֻù
Ҳеһ˿Ǽϲò
˿ǵڱһ绰һ仰ŵ֮ǰһ̬γɽȻķΪôЦ
ΪˣûֱҪȷ绰ͷ˵Ǻηʥ
ǣС㣡
˲عüһգ֮ӵһԡ
һΣûжһֻ֣һѶһֻȻ󿴵ֻĻʾ֡
С㣬ǻط磬
һĻҵ˲£üͷҲ֮ɿһһ߿ڻ㱨
ԭҲղǾ仰ŵòᣬԷ֮еĲȻ޴档
Ϊ޷в
ңԷؼԣֿһѹΪ
ﶼ壬ο
ǡˣطһҽҪ÷ؼˣ
ĻֻԼǰͣ½ŲûֽӹֻЦһ㣬Цѡ

ĻƺֳĿ˲һ
ǶطĴ׹ͬҲ֪
򡤷أ֪ŮˣҲΪļǻ
ƺ˴ӸղŵľлعطֻдɱڣҲҲط磬طѡ㲻֪ҵ֣㸸׻߷ؼߺ鱨Աǻҵݣ
ৣ
ٴطĻɫ˲䣡
Ϊط˵֪֣֪ڻѧϵı֣
ǡҪ˵ֻǻطѣˣ㵱Ϊô
֪绰ͷ˲ط֮е˿˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ٴλָ˱Цݣ죬ҰѻˣҪ˵㣬㻪طˣӲ¹ϴ뿪벽
С㡭
Ȼ򽫺Ļ˵ڣֱӿڴϣȥЩţгŲ⡭һǿĻߣ˵ǵѧһһˣӵпɻɱǿߵʵ
ţ
ĻϵЦݶʱһͫҲ֮Ŵ
ΪؼĹݵλԺգ֪ʶ漫㣬ѧ൱˽⣬֪ߵʵ֡
֪ԼһߣҲֻǽڶǿߺ۷ǿ֮䣡
仰˵˵һģǸɱؼĻؼ廹п޷ֵ
ৣ
ΪĻɫͬʱƳ׻ȫ־ռݣ
û
ǿ־壡
ǿֻţ
Ϊ֪ͬߵʵ֣֪Լǿ£ҲֻǺͻ൱ڻеԣֱͬ߹һ㣬һ
졭µΪֹɣҺҸ׵ϣ
һ־س˵ſζ
ơ
üͷ˵ʲô
ƣʹֵŮӦ֪ط¼֪Ǿԣ
Ҫڻشƣ㱻طˣطȻڣطѵ㣬ڸ·ϡ죬Сɶϳκ⣬򡤷Ǹ׳Ů˺ļҪ군ĸҲҪᣡ

ٴطĻܵط绰Ũҵµɱ⣬ֶ֧ӵĳԱԷߣЩˣһɵˡ
ΪܹظܵԷеɱ͵ܸܵǷݾġˣҲıľģ
⣡
ͬʱͷһһ㱻ŵԵڵء
ǿƳشһĻҲһš
ҲطɱĻŵòᣬϺ֮ǰĲһеֻǾ̲һʱȻ֪ô죬ֻؿֻ
һ̣ؿԷͨ
ٶȸϵƾٰɶԵı
绰ͷҶϵ绰ط磬һ۽γָʾ
ղţͨͬʱɿسĺԺͣ
֮ûмͨΪԵ˽⣬׾вڻ࣬һѪʱ˵ˣʵ䷴
ǣ
һʱѸ
ˡ
ɲǼ䡣
ܼѵı۽γͬһͷĸޣһͣϵ·ƾٰɶԵı

ȫעؿӵ£̵ʱϵ·ء
Ϊ
ܹܵطǹɱ⣡
Ҳףطѡ֣Ϊ˷ֹԷΪطŵùǽƣҲֵĴ㡣
³£طؽɱô




1442 Ҫս
ҹɫī¸绪ıƻ貣óɶֳı԰һƬţ˶ԼͬؽĿͶ򡤷ء
˽ĳͻ
졭ǸĻ߸ղڵ绰˵ڸ·ϣ鵽Ϊֹɣ
ƿڴ˱԰İЩس˵
ûлشüͷԼְóֻ
С㣬ʮֱǸ
ۿûпæֿ£ͼµǸ²ϢˣҲ뽫Լժ
Ȼ
ƽĻ˵ڣ㱻һͺȴˡ
ƣʲôʱôСˣ
üƣȥƵǸΪǲȻ󲻵ƿڣǸĻҪΣѵɣ

ĻƾŴͣ˵ʲôȴһҲû˵ڡ
ѵҪѵ£뻪طһս
ͬʱֶӳԱߣֳˣ̲סаԼ
һ̣ʵж˻ش
ƹ£ް㾪ţǲŲæóֻڲͨһ绰
װĵϰпô
绰ܿͨȿڣһǵ
װ򣬽ӵĵ绰ҽĵ飬ҵʱԶԱռݡ
绰ͷĵϰ΢Цɭ¶Ϳʾһ£Ȼһһ԰Ľ䣬һߵ٩ʽĻش
װĵϰһ鷳İôʵ
װΪЧҵҡ
ϰȻܺΪؼ幫ʲô˵鷳Ǻܸɴظ˻Ӧ
ģƵɶ˻طǸŮˡǷ˳ͻ͵ҪѵǸӵʱһԳǻطѵĻߡ绰ҸҶӣҪɱҺҸף˷ؼ壡
˵ͣһ£Цɨһۣҵı˵ǸĻǻѧһһǿأҺ°
װģɶֳңϴ˸ϹȥǸƨȫõģ¶ʦһһƾܽǸĳ
ϰһӦЩ˷ܡ
û
˷ܣ
һ棬㶨򣬻÷ؼƶ޲صĺøУ޲ͬԼĻ£ôҪĿġ
˿̣ȵ绰ԣֱ
һ棬Ϊϴοб飬ƿ˼еĵλ»ڼδ̳˵ľʧȥơ
һУط֮ǣ޲ýطңйͷ֮ޣ
طߵǵͷϣܲ˷ܣ
ֱǾһʯĴ£
ϵۡ
ϰ֮ͨǹյĻԣȻ첽˲
ʮֱǸɭʦһǳҪҪܼòˡ
ܿ죬ϰصԣƱһǸضԵɭ˵
ϰҸղǸĻǵ򡤷أȥ򡤷ؽ鷳ôɭʵ
Ϊ۷ǿߵΪǿ󣬸ղŽϰڲ˵һһ

ȻɭĻϰһȻ뵽ɭ۷ǿߵݣȻˣµ˵ͷǵģɭʦ
һȥ
ɭɿ˵һĨЦ
ô֮ǰ绰⻪ѧЭ᳤޺ô޺֪ͨսټԱչΪɣܾǰսܲ
ô֮ٴϵȥô棬ɱܾ
ľܾ״˵ɭļƻҲõɭкջ
ԭͼôƣһͬǰ˽ֵĺԺ˳ȥ
ʱܿ϶ط磬Ͱ¶֣ط磬Ҳڰ¶֮󣬴Ѷ

ͬʱ
ƾٰɶԵı
Ҷϵ绰֮Ϸǵûа㾪ţָֻ֮ǰǸһ̬
졭ղڸϰ绰
ı仯뵽֮ǰ̲ͨסʵ
ţϾͻŰ¶ʦϵ
ƵͷȻٴνĿͶ£ЦӣΪһԳǻطѵΪͷŵңҸ㣬ﲻǻģǼôǱ죬ҪŸҵǸиղŴ绰ҲҪڣ
򡤷أұ֤޴÷ؼƿ˼
¿ˣȻƽʮ㡣
ৣ
Ȼ仰˵ɫٴһ䣬׷׾ɵؿ£Ǹо·ʲôŸ˵ſĻ
̸ղŴ绰Ļ
ǻط磿
ӣǲ֪
Ӧ˵ĵͺ𣬡ȴȣŸ˵
򡤷أȻ˳ģΪʲôˣٴأѵҲû𣿡
һ޾壬ϷʵɨһۣȻֳƵС㣬Ļᣬϣϧᡣ
졭򣬵ȵϰٴɣ
µĻ£ٴοڣ˵
ȻǸǸĻ߾Բǵϰ¶ʦĶ֣޷۰Աȫƿ˼壬µĵǿƣеĲ
Ƿݲðպ͵ķգ顣
ãããӣҽķڷҸıˣҪҵĽ֮⣬һ˰㶪ôҹܻᣬΪЩײ˷йĶֱ
üһһ˵Թ
ĿԴ
ۿԼļЧµȻһЦĿڿһ׳ա


1443 طϵ

ۿûñڻ¶֣ư˿
ԣʱսõĽ
ͬʱҲͬΧЩһµĵƾʲôҽа򣬲϶ѹһͷ
ûд𰸡
Ǹŵϰƿ˼ⳡսһڲ֮ء
ط磬ǵϰλ¶ʦĶ֡
غƿ˼ܽطһѹ
Һ֣ǸµĻŮˣƾʲôôſ񣿡
԰ڿ˵СΪ÷غƿ˼̫Цˡĸһ㣿
ò²ˣװǻƣʱ䣬ûκ壬ȵϰƿ˸ϵѾͻήٵͷϣ

ưͬʱΧЩμɶԵĿ˷׷
ںͬʱһΪһӮⳡս
ǣΪıڣӵлʵĻҲˡ
ǸĻȻʵǿ󣬽ھѧһ¶۷ǿߣҲֻЪ˵ķݡ
ʧ伣ط֣Ҳǰ¶Ķ֣
һеͬʱǷΪвĲʱȻ޴棬һ򶨵վԣ
վȺУ£Ȼ鸩һ㿴£Ŀͷ·ڿһˡ
½һڶδ˵ʲôֻǾصȴš
֪طѾͻƻ۷ڵȴطĵҲڵȴ򡢵ϰԱճ
ſڣһһĻ֮󣬰˿
Ҫʦִ֮ǰϧһдȷµİȫĿǰƣӦûˡ
λ˽Ҿúصʦܷǰ⡭
жطäĿΡ
ţʦˣطһܹ
ûط˵⣬첻飡
һʱ䣬԰װƵɶҲֹˣ˶ڿűſڡ
ȾѪڱſڵһǽĿͶ˸ĵ·
ˡ
֪˶ãĺ˺ҹ
һ۵ĳƵƹԶ֣ӳűĵ·һ۽γͬһͷҰһ㣬ٳƵı
ˣ
Զĵƹ⣬ԽԽĺڳʶһ㡣
˭
ͬʱ˶а˵ݣ׼ȷ˵ĸӪ
ĺ棬˲ԼͬؽĿͶ˱ſڡ
ȡ
һ̡
̥Ħ𣬿һ̥սζ
˵עУһ۽γȵͣ˱ſڡ
һӰƿţ³˵
ƹ£ɶԵķԱǿˣơˣŴӳµӰеޱȵİ
Ȼ
İİǶףԷһˣҺпܾǸղڵ绰СڳԡĻߡ
ͬʱطһ۱㿴˰ȻºͻȾѪһ
ǰߣ˿üͷ˲кէ֣
Ȼľûг֣Ȼ֪һˣǰĳѹƵŭʼȼգ
Ρʦף
ſڣһط֮ʶҪ񣬽Ϊ̫أ޷

طһֱһԣǼһһƣȻһļͷͷûдֻ࣬Ǳˣҩһʱɻָõġ
ҩ
£طӻͳһƿҩ
õģʦ
һʱطĳƺʦ
ллʦ
һæлΪߵ߶ԣ˶С£˲ؼģһ书Σա
طٴһļȻվһԲ߽
Ĳƽȶӯÿһܹ˿һҲ˵ĿĲƶ
һ
ʮ˲ͣ˽ŲվµԣĶǵʵû°ɣ
û£һ˵еء
½ؿԼûüӿϣֻҡҡͷ
š
ط΢΢ףȻĿ絶һ㣬ɨȺ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

ɲǼ䣬ɫԼͬһ䡣
طһϵɱ⣬Ŀ֮Ҳûɱ˶еһεѹǸоͷ·Сͻֺѡĸо
طĿʱֻǱס˲ӣֱϢӽӲһҶ
طŲĿ⣬սĿ˻ϡ
ͨϢӦܹеߣлǻڵϢΨһܹ˵һˣ
㡭ʲô
طĿ⣬ΪڵĻҲеĪĿ־壬ʶؿڡ
ûлش
طٴֱ
Ρ֪ʵǿƿ˼ĵϰүͰ¶ʦϾҪˣ
ȺУȻٴοڣͼõϰͰ¶ط硣
Ȼ
ط治ɫŲδͣһ£ٲȻĻ˷ƨ
֣ûеĿ־ֱҲеĲҵְͼͳֻٴθϰ绰

ͬʱȺ˲ɢЩԭΧԵĿ˵һʱ䳯ɢȥ
ƶ鲻Խغ
¡¶ʦ۷ǿߣĻԲŹǡ
ȺɢطߵǰǴһ㣬ͬʱٴοвгž֡
ৣ
Ӧһƿ
طֶȻһӣͬ̽ȡһ㣬һץסĲӣȻͬӥСһһᣬ㽫
ʶҪ뵽ǰʵŵûӲڿУһҶ
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꣡
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򽫺Ļ˵ڣһ촫
Ŀ֮£طͬš黨һֱš˻Դ
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ͬʱϰֻд
ۡ
ӦϰѪӿ˲䱻Ѫˮû
ƹ¡
طŻʬԴɫƽ԰ڽˮ




1444 úÿ
ʼգطûпڻӦ򣬶һԲص˵š˻ԴѪһ
һĻӾУ˾㤲ѣֳһƬţΨѪ

һ̡
ȾѪͫ׹ԲصŻʬ壬ǿֲĻƵģŵûֻл䣬ͬһֱ̱࣬˵ϣ˹ȥ

󣬸ļ
ŶֳֶӳԱߣЩԼôȨӵܣ׷ʧ
ƹ£ſ˵ϣ˳Ľ䣬ͼԶط磬˶ӽ£ֹط翴
һ̣ط٣ǸеǰδеĿ־壡
ͨ
Ҳŵȷһƨ˵ϣ׹ѣëը𣬽ŵװ嶼ð
졭ô£ʲô
ʱȾѪڲƺϵֻٴδ˵ϰƿ˵ȻûпֳһУͨ˾ֵļʶˡ
ţ
طͫ׵΢΢
ѵ˵ϰ֮Ϊ˻뿪صؽϰʣϰһܳʱ䣬ԵϰϤ
˿ֻ̣ƾжϳ˵绰ͷǵϰ
֣ʱطʶ޿̶֣ܴΪϰĴڡ
·Ϊӡ֤طжƵģϰ֮ҵ˾ӾԾоѣʧȵϡϰҡ
쵰ǵϰƿˣҲ˭ֹͣ򡤷ص˺ؼƿ˼彫ϧһд۽ɱ
绰ͷϰһ´
ͼͨؼƿ˼ͷˣ
ৣ
ٴϰĻطǶһ㣬ֽʬ嶪ԡ

ŵٴμһ𣬲ѡ
ط磬ôס֣飡
ϰٴܲôΪ˾ط硣
طֵܡؼƿ˼ͷûáطѣ븶ۣ
طȾѪֻɫƽ̺֮Ũҵɱ⡣
طֵܣ飬Ҹ㣬
ϰŭѣδʧȥǣ֮ͬǰһָҵҵ˵仰ô
ԡԣǸҵȵϰô
ŵϰĻ£ԭֵԺһˮ֮ץסһžݣ´㡭㲻˵ûôҸҵȵϰ֮ķڷô
ô
ûлش¿ط磬ҪڽеԵɡ
ط״ҡͷ
ϰƿˣڱ㡣
طֻڣǻӦϰǻӦ
£ֱӹҶ˵绰ֻԡ
ŵӣһ󷢲Ȼطûгֵ˼ɤ۵˲ȥеĿ־ҲѸټ١
ΪֻҪطڵϰϵ֮ǰ֣ûΣգ෴طһ˺ܿͻᱻϰߵİ¶ʦɱ
ͷԼֻͨѾȻʶҪվ
վô
Ȼطٴοˣƽȴͬһ㣬ŵٴ̱˵ϡ
㡭㲻˵Ҫȵϰô
ʶؿڣ־ŭѵҪ˵㻰ŵϰڶҳ֣
һû˵վطޱ
ǡʲô˼ɴ۾һɡ
ȻҲ֪͵ϰʲôϵ֪ſضطߵ˳֣ļ֮⣬̶ܴΪϰĴڡ
طվ۶ŻȾѪһһɴ۾úõؿţ͵ϰµ
㡭
򾪵ôľʶ˵ʲôһԻʬ壬վûߵĻ˵ڣǼʱн͡
ط˵һУΪط˿Ʊǿûٽҧҧؼ幫Ľȥιط˵ع˲ƺϡ

һĻºһ֮⣬ڣ˶סˡ
û뵽ǰǸԳطֵܵ꣬ȻǿƵزţɱϰ
һĿ⣬ֻâڱǷݴδйıʹӲֹҧţͬʱݣȵϰˣһҪõϰطʬΣ
طǹɺ⣬δ⣬ߵµǰ
ط磬Ŀижеǡ
жΪطٴͬսһ㣬Σʱ̣ǰ
ǣΪطΪԼ飬׺ͷؼ塢ƿ˼ݣ
طĿе˼ٴҡҡͷµĻ˻ȥ
ͬʱһҩһ̧һԵĲƺϣŰȻط磬ΪϰĬ
Ȼ֪ϰĵǺηʥоǿ֣߳ٶ˶Ǹطͷ
Ͼų۷ǿ޵дڵĽɭͻƻ۷طˣǴݿش򱬣
ϰȻΪƿ˼δļ̳˺ѡˣûʸƿ˼ɳǿ߱ƿ˼峤еĴ

ͬʱһʻ˸ٳűʻ
¶ʦҪ׻ɱǸ飬Ҫĥ
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1445 ǿʳһ
ҹɫŨԭֵı˶ڵȴϰƿ˵ĵ
ԷɶԵֶӳԱɶ֯ƶԣĿս
򡤷ضԣڵԼľȱȵϰͬʱط缸˴ңйͷ֮ޡ
طԣڵŸϰ¶͵ɭһ㣡
ڣ˵ĵȴУ񳵷ɿŸĵ·ʻһɲͣ˱ſڡ
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飬
һĻϰеŭ˲䱻ȼŭһ
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ͬʱϰûһһ˫ضǸо·ʣڸʲô
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ڵϰŭӵͬʱˣڡ
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ֻΪڿԼ֮󣬲Ӧپ»ҲԲҵԼֲŶԣ
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ô
طžֱİ¶һΪȻ
ûͻƻ۷֮ǰ¶۷ǿֻķݣˣҪ˵¶ƿ˼壬Ҳ޷κѹ
ѻط磬ţڱҲüβˣ
¶ھطʮ׵ĵطͣ½ŲЦһգÿ죬Ѿڵˣ

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˵͵ɭ²ˡ׷ֵطôǡĴǿߣǿҫǿЦ
طЦӦûзŭеֻǳ
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ط΢΢۾ٴοڣ羪ף쳹ڱϿգ͵ɭһϰɣһ


1446 һ
¶չֳһǿ̬ͬϣһ˵طһγֻĻ
һУóºһ֮ˣӼţˡ¶ɱͬСӹҼһס
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Ҳʱطð¶͵ɭһ֡

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ǵɴ۾һŵؿǸо·ʣȥ˿ϰߵѧʦ¶ұȰ¶
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1447 ǿ
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ɭԣ죬˵ʲôȴԶԡ
Ϊط˵һжʵ
ᣬõĻԣһЭ
ᣬȫֻΪطչֳսԶԶ˵ɭѣ
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طһֱ˺Ƶɭαߡ
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1448 һжкɱ
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طһֱ
ϴǽ죬¶͵ɭ˶ҪȻŹˡ
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෴Լ͵ɭ֣ǿɱУƴһսط磬ǣ
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1449 һȭ²
طһж¶ɱУлɱɭƸӣʵֻڶ̶˲䷢
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ɭͷʬ壬ȾѪˤ˵ϣ˱԰İҲڳ˶ӾоѣԼͬؽĿͶط硣
ŵƹ⣬ؿطŵɭͷѾȫѪȾ졣
ɭ˫۵ɵùԲһĿǸо·𲻸ţԼᱻɱ
һĻǴһ㣬ϳ鴤ȾűڻѪϣް֮ǰĲһеֻǿ־壬طĿͷ·ڿһ𲻰ħ
ৣ
ʱطǶһ㣬ֽɭͷ

ȾѪͷХǼֲ飬ŵüһֱ̱˵ϣǾĿ·˵ħô
ˡ
򾪿ֵļУɭȾѪͷԣϰ鴤ֹ᲻䶯ȫ־ռݣ
ৣ
ʱ¶ξѣ磬ٴ
һΣûط磬˵ϰ
ΪͨղŵĽ֣֪ǸĻߣɱ۷ǿͬвˡղɭֶδ˵Էһëɭɱط֣ǳ˪
ΪһУٳ֣Ǿŵϰ
һ̣ٶȷӵ£˲˵ϰǰȻһץס˵ϰĺ󾱣ϰҪ档
ӵ𣿡
طһʱ˰¶ͼһ𣬽һΣǰ
һ̡
¶ĽŲȻֹ
Ϊطͬһɽһ㣬ڱǰס͵ϰ֮·
һĻŵõϰһڣ˹ȥ
ΡʦǵΧֵط磬ǽ֮£ҶϿҵصǸϣһ棬һ·
ͬʱ¶ǿĵĲطͷǸ·
ǰ̸ǿʳڸ̸Ǹҷһ·ÿô
طޱػӦԼûиϵĻҲãҲգȻԱĻ
Լͻ˻۷壬¶͵ɭֻ·һ
򡤷زΪº򵥵ĵǸϢˣ¶͵ɭҲΪطͷǸط·
ð¶Ļ˵ǿʳķ򡪡ǿʱ˵ĻǹأСʱֻ׸
Ҹƴˣ
ۿطɱᶨ¶ϰһԣһŭֱط硣

˵ȭӣ
ɱұȭٴκ
ǡȭ磡
Ȼ
һΣطûжվԭأɰ¶һȭ

͵¶ȭطǰʱط綸ȻһŤұ˳һȭ
ǹһʽ
̣
һΣطѡԴ书
ɱжԺ䣬â
䡪
ɲǼ䣬ȭͷҵײһھͬʱŷ
꣡
ۡ
ţĶϹѪɽ
ƹ£¶ȭǱڵһ㣬˲ըѪģұ۶ϳɺüأ˵ɶѪ磬Ӿʹ·Ҫըһ㡣
ط˫˿Ȼͬս
й󣬵ɭ¶۷ǿߣһһС
ʮ֮ڣ·
ԴˣӲѡ




1450 ؽȫ
һȭ¶طӲӲȭ۶ֱۣھʧأ˺Ѻʹݻľ޷شʧȥսעˡ
ط粻֣Ҳֻʱ⡣
֪һеް֮ǰ˵ǿʳĸʱĲһеֻǾ𾪣
ɴ۾ضǰȻеط磬Ǹо·ֱڣҲ޷źͽܣԼ͵ɭֶطĶ֣ʣΪʲôôǿ
ûд𰸡
ļȫûκһǿˣǿز
֪ŴѧЩĳʱǣҲ޷طͣ书ֵز
⡭߸һ۷ǿ߶ѧ֪
ͨ
ڰ¶˼ʱڵ£׹ڲƺϡ
Ĳƺ˳Ȼð¶ͬƤһ㣬ڵϵһ£ȫһͬһֻĴϺѪȾ죬Ӳϵس鴤
ϰ˰ˣ
һĻƺɶĿˡԱеӿֳһͷ
ȻǶѧ⺺Ҳó¶Ƽأƺһµûˡ
ۡ
·Ϊӡ֤ǵĲ²Ƶģ¶׹صʱǣ˿ڣӾƣһٴ³һѪ
Ȼ
¶ȴûԼƣ֪ԼҲûá
ƹ£ѵ̧ͷԶط磬˻Ƶʵ㡭㾿ĸģʦʲôˣΪʲôʱ򣬽书ز
ৡ
Ű¶Ļ£˲ԼͬؽĿͶط硣
һ̡
ܹؿطϵѪǰ¶͵ɭ˵Ѫ
ҲܹؿطϵƽƺԣɱɭͰ¶һͨ飬ֵüͬͨҪԷˮһ
һУó¡һ֮⣬˶һ㱡
ԭǵҪط硣
طδһɭѾΪһʬ壬¶ܿҪɭĺ󳾣
ֽȻķǶԣ̫𺳣
µһ̣Ȼúܻ㱣ħãĲʵ
ɣκʦˡ
˻㱵ʱطͻȻˣƽ
ţ
طĻ¡һһ֪ط볹ʵݣͬʱҲãط绹Ŀġ
졭ˣ
طĻش𣬰¶˼ţԼԺûκй˵Ϣݡ֪ȫѧ綼ûһ˵ˣ
֪ط
㡭ʦʲôʵ
طܲ¶û˿ĻɣǼʵ
ӽ񾳡
ط赭д˼һڱչأҲѾͻ񾳡
ʲʲô
¶󾪣Ϊ̫ٴǣƣſ³һڲƬѪ񡭡񾳣⡭ⲻܣǴ˵еľ磬˿¹ŴѧЩһʱǣҲֻ񾳣
Ⱥʦ
طٴοڣȻߣÿһһͬ͵ɭΪûſԻһ
㡭
ٴطĻ¶㱻
Ҳһʱľ콾ճɳΪһ۷ǿߣƿ˼ػߣȫѧ磡
ݳɷ
Ȼ
ջջҲòϣطȷʸΪ
طʸȫ۷ǿµΪ
һ֮󣬰¶ٴ³Ѫû˵ʲôֱضط硣
иչ֣ؽȫѧ磬ΪͼɵĴڣ
ؼ塢ƿ˼ڣǵطʳѰ
㡭㡭
ţţ¶ͻȻһͷʲôΪ̫ٴһѪȻһҳ鴤Դһᣬȥ
գûʳɻͻط絽ʲôϵطʲôϵ
ˣ
ۿ¶һһ̱˵ϣг֡
ԣϰ̡
Ϊ̣Ǿһ㸩£δططϵ֮Ȼţýⳡսʤϰһҽط硢һлɱ
Ȼ
ط簲Ȼϰǿȫˣ
У˽սȴĽѣ
򣬱¶ڲԶĵϰӿֳͬͷͬһһ̱ڵϣްΪƿ˼үĽͿеֻĿ־壡
Ƿݿ־壬ӳ鴤ֹطĿ⣬ͷ·ڿһ
ϴοб¼֮һθоʵܽܽ
򡤷أϰƿˣˣ
·Ϊӡ֤͵ϰ˵Ĳ²ƵģطһοڣֱӶУ


1451 
⣡
ԭ̱ڵص򡤷ԣͷһŵȻһؿط硣
ƹ£ſ죬˵ʲôվһҲû˵ڡ
һûɽɰᣬԭؼ͵ϰĿɽɽˡؼطûκвԣϰѱ
ã¶ǰǰ֮
һ£˵ʲô
ͨ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôȻٴι£ҹ˲ƺ̨ǰ˵طһͿͷ
һ̡
Ȼˣ֮ǰԴµʱǶôİԵšãããӣҽķڷҸıˣҪҵĽ֮⣬һ˰㶪ôҹܻᣬΪЩײ˷йĶֱ
ҲˣΪеϰܣжطǶôӡӣΪһԳǻطѵΪͷŵңҸ㣬ﲻǻģǼôǱ죬ҪŸҵǸиղŴ绰ҲҪڣ
Լ˵һԭԭ˻ȥַֻͨʽطϴġڣӶطԭ£
С㣬΢¼ңӦǸ߹ŵҸͷҸϴҸڣ롭Źң
ͷͷȾѪԴһҲԺǰδеѡ
ʶһжΪµĳͻ𣬻ڸ³ͷֻҪͬŹ黹תǸıĿ꣬ת¡
£ֶ¿ͷǸоȽͽϵǰڻҪϣ顱֮ڶѪɽ

һĻɶԵˣЩɶԵķԱһ㱣ֻǰһħã˸еʵ
ħô
ǵģ
ǵļڼô򡤷أš߹ţƵȵȴʣߵ𾴣Ǳ
ԸСΪ˰飬ҲԸţ߹򡤷ػһ͹һĳ˵Ľڣ
Ȼ
㱹Ȼˡ
²òͷ
ĿǰƣŵĻûʲô
ܹԼϵĹ⻷ȥιǡǡǴı֡
һŹ򡤷ô
һͬʱֲԼͬؽĿͶ£Ȼؿȫûȥڵ
һ۶ûпٲȻ˿
Ϊ֪ط缰ʱϵ˿ԼµǸ߸ϵŮʣķʽݲ
˵ע£ֱؿط硣
Ŀа⣬Ǹж
һŭΪգÿеҰޣҰбӹš桢ȵȡ
ԹܹһУƼһŭΪյӢۺú֮١
ºԼܹ׷档
ĶͣҲж޵ĳ嶯ҧʺ촽øжˮ£ֻǺۿţǸжԸӣԸһȥ׷ˣ
顪
ۿ³ٳûлӦгˣͬʱһҧײʯͷ̨ϣͷѪԴһᣬʹ˹ȥ
ͼͨװ
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
ৣ
һ̣ط˲ԣһѽץ

Ȼװ򣬶ʱֵش㡭Ҫʲô
ط粻ᣬһ˵ϰǰ
ϰ¶Ҳ׾ˣȻھҵϣ׼Լĸ״绰ץסƿ˼һݣ绰û򣬱㿴طԼǰŵûһһֱֻӵ˵ϡ
ϰƿˣԸͷΪŮˣ
طֽڵϰǰʵ
ǣ
Ȼϰ֪طΪʲôҪʣ˿̵Ѿָ˼ǣ׽򣬵ޣƿ˼ͷؼǺ飬Һʶѣԡ
˵ϰûм˵ȥ͵͵ط磬۲طķӦ
طûκηӦûκα仯ȴˣ
ɴ۾ؿŵϰǸо·ʣҰ㵱δˣȴҵѣ
Ρʦҹϣ޴ŮԻ󣬲Сĵԭ£һ·
ϰû򣬶ǵطġ
ϡϰ㡭
̲ס뿪˵ʲô
Ȼ
Ļ˵ڣȴϰǱȵβ͵èһ˲ըë
죡شԵĴʦܵСܹң
ϰӵۣͷѵ򣬻ȻǰμƻģҲڵ绰˵һУֻ뽫Լժ޲һ
ޱͬ񣬴ͷԷɡ
ϰĻϰķӦԶ£ûɵ뵽仰ͬʱԼܹط硣
ȣ֮
طȣϰ㲻ϣ
ͬʱҲɾãϰ˿̽Եĳչֵ쾡£

ϰı֣þͻȻЦЦҶŭ
ǵġ
ΪϰΪΪԵϰĺ⣬˶طĺ⣡
򡤷أ㽫̣ʵֻҫﵽĿĹߣֿɶ
ʱطٴοڣĻͬһѷذףֱӲ࣬ĵط
絶һġ
̵ķʽ͵ϰµӶˡ
طߣƱ㣡




1452 ϳ߸
طĻЦȻֹɫ˲һƬ԰ףؿط磬뿪ڷȴһҲû˵ڡ
һ棬ط˵ʵϰԸΪͷ׿طĸ˶Թ̸ֻΪҫʵӶȡĺøУﵽһĿģΪ޲ءµľ޶Ƹƶƿ˼
һ棬ҵڷط磬طһŭ֮£һƽ
ҿԸһλĻᡣ
طžֶŭӣٴοڣջ
ʲʲô
Ȼ۾Ȼһںڰп˹һ
ɱ
طޱָŵϰͬԵԨ˲һǹɱ
졭졭
طĻ䣬ϰ㾪Ȼض𣬷ŭץͼ쵰֣ߣӲ˻ȥ
Ϊеһ˿ǸֺڣȲ֣ͻһʬ塣
á
һܸɴشӦط顣
ڸղţϰӣƲϵҳԵϰ֮ǣ˿ܹɱϰһûŵĻᣬôܾܾ
졭򡭡
ϰͼ˵ʲô
죡Ļ쵰
Ȼϰֻ֣㱻شϡ
ͬʱط罫ĿͶԶơ
ৣ
ۿطĿɨֻԼǱһ㣬ɫ˲䣬һһƨ˵ϡ
Ȼ֮ǰץס¿ľᣬ²ɶϳ£ʼûֹ̬չŲжΡ
һУʼտֻŲһһֱɤϣطˣ˿̿طĿ⣬ܲ£
Ρʦ
֮࣬ͼڽʲôʦĸ֮󣬱ԺһƬհףȫ֪ôΪԼѡ
С㣬ıڰǹ򡤷ءط绺ڣ󣬵ӹɡ
ǡǣʦ
ƵһʱӦȻĿͶԼıڣ˵ģǹС㣬죡
СС㡭
Ƶıʱͱˣͼ˵Щʲô
ΪǸôˣµϰɱģΪǹģƿ˼ԲŹ
ûҵĻô
ƶʱˣ
ڶ֪ṩǹ֧ɱϰ´ô֪ܲ
֪Σ
˿̻еѡô
ǸС㣬ҲҰǹ㡣
Ƶѵ⣬˱ںܴѡ˾ܾȻӻͳǹƣǸоǶһɽ

һĻɵˡ
ıڶԣǰǹһɽ󣬵ԣǰǹֱףвᱻըʬ޴棡
С㣬㲻ԸĻҿȥǹ
ۿƲΪһһطһοˡ
ΡʦҡҸС͹ȥ
ŵûһ£æӦȻҧҧǹ첽ȥ
˿̵Ϊпܻᵼº⵽ƿ˼ıôĻطȻ㡣
ʱѡĻᶼûˣ

졭ƣǷ֪ʲôôǺǵˣ嶼ƿ˼ŭ𣡡
ǹ߽֮󣬵ϰشͼͨƿ˼Ȩƣ˲Ҫطɱ˵ĵ޼¡
򣬻ƣıδκα仯ûۿϰһۡ
ͨ
һĻϰױˣûٲ֪ƿ˼вط磬ֱӹطǰ
Ȼƴ˿̶µвط͸ˡвط磬ֻܳ׶Ͼŵϣ
ΡʦҴˣҲӦѣһ·
һ̡
˵ע£֮ǰִʱһĵϰһ͹һطҡβģǸоˡ
ֵطŹһ·ζɵطޱӦ

طĻϰǷ˱һ㣬ٴ̱˵ϡ
ͬһʱ䣬ͣ½Ųǹݸ
顭
һʱӹǹԥضŵϰ۶˰һӵȫ⡣
ɲǼ䣬ϰؿڳѪĿѪӿ񾭷Ƶز˼£Ȼһˡ
ƹ£˫۵ɵùԲһĿı飡
ΪΪƿ˼ĳԱδ̳ѡûԼڻȥǱһ׼Ůǹ
ߡ
һĻطûٶƶ֣ǽĿɨ¡һˡ
õģʦ
˲ԼͬӦ
£һѽһȻһͬط뿪

Ŀط뿪򣬻Ƴ˿˿˵ϣȻ󿴵ߵĵϰʬ壬üͷ˲
ΪǶԼֻʱ֮ǣпܻƿ˼ŭ
ǣڳҲ֪һ㡣
ǿƿ˼ԻǨŭƺˣпܶ˫ļ֣Ҳطûжǳֵԭ
Զֱӿֲطǵĳͷ
֮⣬ҲţһУؽȫ
Ȼ
Ϊѧ⺺ǣѹ޷󣬽յȫѧζʲô
߸




1453 
ӡ
ط֮󣬱Żָ˶˶ˣƺ֪˽ô
졭̯ϴˣ
˵עУȿˣһֲؿ򣬻塭ƿ˼岻Źǵģ

ûлشڴŴ
˿̵Ѿ״ӷŭѣŵϰʬ壬ٴα־ռݡ
һΣ־Դƿеƿ˼壡
ۿûлشûٶ˵վߵһԣóֻʹֵĵ绰
װıÿ𣿡
绰ܿͨͲﴫֵʺУ֮͸©簮
ΪֵһγеıɥֶԼŮΪΣҽλ簮ƵԼ飬ۣ
ҲǼô֪顣
£һѩѣ³һŨܵ
޲ءؼ״΢ЦŶƣƷš
ףˡ
æڣѾȥԼˣȻ޷Լ򶨡
װģʲôˣ
ȻƵĻеľţɫһ䣬˵֮ʱ˲ӣѩѣϵЦҲȻ޴棬ȡ֮һĵǡ
ףϰƿˣҵɶϣǱɱģ
ٴοڣȥܼҲңֱ˵ص㡣
ʲʲô
ٴŮĻһ𾪡
Ϊôĵ̸ڱҲ൱ߵĵλȻ֪ϰ˿̾ĸ׶棬һȾ졣
ң֮ͨǰ죬Ѿ޲֪ϰҪӭȢ
˿̣Ůȴɱ˵ϰ
⡭ʱЩҡôܣ
װģ㲻Ҫż˼˵׷ʲô
ò˵ܹΪô̸żǿܿӾлع»ָ侲
ΪǸԼŮһ©˹ؼϢԲĪػɱϰ
ˣ
ڱ˿ĭصһȻż˵ףģ

Ů֮ɵˡ
Ϊô̸ӵһžԼǿ࣬ҲЩ޷ϢϵЩ˳ˡ
֣װѣʲô鷳𣿡
޲ءزֵ쳣еЩ֡
Ϊʶֵһʧ̬
ƣ˵һзʱڳ˶ô
û޲صѯʣǼֻͨûгƷ
µ֪Ѿûκ壬Ժβȡ
ֳûĻΪвȵĿܣ򡭡
ǵģס
Ƹܿ϶Ĵ𸴡
ˣ
õ𰸣ֵɫøѿаһȻƣ㽫绰򡣡
õģס
԰ƵһʱӦȻֻһ¡µ
ڶ׶֣ǽԼֻݵ޲ǰص޲أ鷳巢ʲôŮɣ
á
ֵĻеغͲ޲֪أüͷӹֻ
ֵüͷȫšһ״еǶջ𣬺޲ýץһ
Ϊ޴ΪؼԨƣ
סҡɱ˵ϰ
ͬʱһߣӹƵݸֲֻ˵
ʲʲô
Ȼ仰޲ر֮ǰķӦ󣬾ֱվ
⵹Ϊ޲صʲ֣ΪŮָΪ鲻Ӧ÷
ǸӣӦ˵ǸһĻߣҵģҵģɱϰҪɱңҪɱҰ
ٴοˣ˵䣬ֱӱˣ޷˵ľֻɺ
Ϊˣ޲ֱӹҶ˵绰
Ϊ֪ԼŮ˿ѾʧأܸʵһС
֣׷ʲô
޲λϣֻüŶ֣ͳʵ
ġ
ûеæԼ֪һУһһʮظ޲أȻֲǸĻȻûɱǣɱ˵ϰϰƿ˼δ̳˵ѡ֮һ˹Ķӣƿ˼岻ᱨǸŭ𻹻Შǣ

ֵĻ޲ûп
һ棬ΪԼŮͿеʹĺջ
һ棬֪˵ûƿ˼ŭԻյϣ

ͬʱ
һߣϰһ֮ΨһҴ߿վ
ȺĿõɭ¶͵ϰɱղűŵ̱ڵأط뿪֮󣬶ûлعֱǷһ޲ͨŽѣӾлع𽥻ָ侲
֮󣬿æЯƤͳֱֻӲͨ˵ϰףҲƿ˼ƶ˹ĵ绰
𡭡˹ϰүˡ
绰˺üӲŽͨһʱ㱨
ûлӦ
绰ﰲĿ£ܹ˹˿̵ı飬ͬʱиֳ֡
Ҫˣ


1454 
ŦԼһ
Ϊƿ˼ƶߵ˹ŵ绰ͬʯһϳŲš
ô
ǵģ
Ϊöӵϰܿб¼Ӱ죬Լƿ˼δ̳ˣصظϰѰ˻ᣬõϰڼô⣬ͬʱõϰǰô취޲ءصϿɣΪߵŮ
Ϊȷϰİȫ˹صɳػ֮һİ¶ϰͬʱҲһط磬طһٻɱ
񣬿绰˵ϰˡ
⡭˹𾪿֪
ϡϰˣ
üӺ˹Ŵлع񣬷·ſĻ㱨а¶ôڿЦô
ᡭ˹ģϰү򡤷ɱˡ
ᣬô鿪Ц
ƨ򡤷ظɱҶӣ𣿻ԴŮ˵˫ȼɵˣ
˹Ƿһ㣬ŭǳһϵķŭ𾪵ʧӰ٣ȡ֮һң׷ʲôϰʲôɱˣ
Ȼ֪ԲᣬҲƭϰˡ
ԣѣ
ֶʱħһǵļ
£ͨȫᱻٿأ嶯ʧ̬飬ǻ̵ʱǵļסֵûһ
˹Ǻߣղſץ񡢷裬ʵֻ˲йΪûˡ
仰˵˵ĻС
𡭡˹򡤷֮ԻɱϰүǱ˱Ƶá绰ͷæһ
һΣ˹û˵֪϶è壬ڵȿϸľ
˹
ۿ˹ҵæľһһʮظ˹

˹ʶ¶ӦҲˣ¶Բ򽫵ϰɱ¶͵ɭ˱򱬺Ȼ𾪲ѣ
Ϊ֪˶۷ǿߣҲ۷ǿǺεȵǿ
𺳣ԼӵϰɱҪ
˹Ҹô
ȫ֮ԥһ£ֹʵ
Ҷӵʬ尲õͻ
˹ָʾûѯʿɱɭͰ¶Ĺ̡
Ϊ֪Ҳǰʣܿ塣
£˹ȿػҶϵ绰ȼһ֧ѩѣϣ
ϰߣһֵ飬ͨѩѵķʽԼ侲ӶȷӦԴʩ
ʮӺ˹ûȼѩѶ̻ҸףԼϨȻֻ߳鷿
ڸղʮʱֻʮһΡ
ʮһ˸绰ûнӣа޲ءغˡ
˹Ҫȥô
˹ǰŸճ鷿һ˱ӭһʵ
Ҿׯ԰
˹һߣһޱ˵
˱ԣžϹƣĿ˹¥
ֻ˹ı֮һΨ˹뿪ƿׯ԰ʱŻ档
˹Ҫȥ
˹԰ʱһϥڲݵڤͻȻ˫ۣʵ
ţҪȥһ0ű˹ͷ
Բٷϻֱ˹ǰ0ű
Ү¶һƿ˼ػ֮һ𱣻˹İȫֻҪ˹Ӱ롣
ӵгԽ۷ǿߵʵڱƿ˼Ļƶߡͨɡƿ˵ػߡ
˹е0ű丸׿ͨɵס
˹ڰ¶ı£0űʱ򣬿ͨѾصڱĴȴˣ֮⣬пͨɵڣƿ˼ǿػߡ׿ɣ
ף׿ɴʦ
˹鼫Ϊ⣬˺ʺá
Ϊĸ׿ͨɲƿ˼ƶߣ׿ƿ˼ػ
׿΢΢ףǻӦͨ̾˿˹Ϊ˵ϰɡ
ǵģס
˹ͷԼѾ֪Ϣе֡
Ϊͨƿ˼鱨ػߣֻǽҵ˹
Ҳ˹ǰͨɵԭ򡪡Ҫػ߱Ļ뾭ͨɵͬ⡣
˹ңôͨɿżɽʵ
𡣡
˹ܸɴش֮гźɱ⣬Ȼֲõ鱨õ鱨ûʲôĻ׿ɴʦ֣ɱǸĻߡǸֲɱ˵ϰҲ̤ƿ˼ҫ
֮⣬򡤷ǸŮȻڱȵǰɱ˵ϰͷؼ븶ۣһĽҲһŮŲжΣ
˹Ҹղź׿ɴʦ飬ǵóĽǣʱܶǸĻ߳֡
˹Ļδÿͨɸе⣬ͨɵĻȴ˹˲סˡ
ΪΪʲô
ƹ£˹ɴ۾һɵؿԼĸס
Ϊļϣûһƿ˼а壬ƿ˼廹ܸ
ɣΪ޷ʲôԭԼĸѡ̣
ΪǸʦˣ񾳣
һΡ
ȿͨɿڣ׿ص˵
񡭡񾳣
˹ԣ˲ľ⡭ôܣ




1455 Ƕħô
Ϊƿ˼ϵƶߣ˹䲻ƿؼ鱨ػߣԲ鱨Ͷػߣѧ˽̶ȣ֡޲˿ɱȵġ
ʹ׿ɣǿжǿ
һ˵ǧս޷ɱѹȫκһӵκһ̸еʱ
׿ɵʱĻش
شõʱ˹ʱգȻ¡
֮⣬֪ûǿߣ
Щνڣû˽书񾳣
ڹŴʷʷУûȷᵽͻ񾳣ֻҰʷмء
ĳ˵񾳾Ǵ˵
һ£׿ɺȻɱӵϰ׵ʦǿߣ
𺳣ֱ޷ݣ
˹ķӦǿͨɻ׿ɣûие֣Ҳûпڴ˹˹׵Ϣ
ΪһʼϢʱ򣬱ֱ˹òȥ
ס׿ɴʦ˵ûǿôͻȻðһǿߣ
˰ӣ˹ŴӼȵľлعʶʵǴõϢϢ׼ȷô
˹Լɡ
׿ûֱӸش𣬶ָָϵıʼǱԡ
˹ԣһٷϻֱǰ˵ǰ棬ӳǰ̳ҳ档
ֻһۣ㿴̳öһӡ
¸绪һжǿƻɱսֵɭͰ¶ʦ˽ӽѾͻ񾳣
ӵ֡
ǽ֯Ǹ֯ڰ̳רúš

¸ղѾ׿˵ǿߣӵı⣬˹Ȼһ£Ȼŵ㿪ݡ
ȷϢ201962¸绪ɯ6űɱսְָɭƿ˼ػ߰¶˽Ϊ۷ǿߡ
ֳĿ߳ƣɱɭͰ¶ֻ˼ʱ䡣
ζŻԶԶԽ۷ǰߵʵпǾǿߣ
֮⣬ڻɱ¶֮ǰ˵ʦڱչأʵӽ񾳣пѾͻ񾳣
PS1ʾֻжʮꡣʮӵмɱ۷ǿߵʵȫѧʷ϶漣
Ϊˣ֯ΪĻпʵģʦӵн񾳵ʵΪֻǰߣ̳ܽĵӣ
PS2⣬֯Ϊǰ¸绪伣Ĵ̿˺ɱֽɭпڻ֮֡
Բۣ
ϵ۰ǿߣ
ط磬ðһˣħ𣿡
ҲǸǷǿߣʮ꣬ӵɱ۷ǿߵʵֱ̫ˣ

֮⣬˹ǰŻظеһ࣬˿ϢķӦʣ˻Ƿͻ֮⣬Ǿ̾
һУ˹ĬˣϢȫɶôĺ䶯ͬʱҲԼĸ׿ͨɺ׿ΪҪֹ
ЩϢģƿ˼帴𣬵һ񾳵ĴڣܶԷŭ
ǿߵŭԽƿ˼ճɻҽ
˹ѾףҺ׿ɴʦΪʲôҪֹ㸴ԭˡǲȥһλ񾳵Ĵڣ
ʱһֱĬĿͨɿˣأҲ࣬Ҳ˵ڶǸ˵Ϣʵ֮ǰǲܶԻκʽı
֪ˣס
˹һصͷƿ˼ʱܹ
Ȼ
Ҳ֪ͨɵľȷġ
ףȻǲܶԻ֣ǲӦöԷؼʲô˹̧ͷ˵
ԣҪһȣԼ
ͨɵͷ֪˹бһŻǲйȥĻʲô¡
ң򡤷أƣڽĴϴ⣬ƿ˼ʧ˵ϰͰ¶λҪҼ𣬱Ҫͷ
õģס
˹ٴεͷȻ׿ʾһ£뿪˱
ǿ֣߳ȫҪڣ֪ж޷ߡ
Ŀ˹ȥıӰ׿̲ס̾
ͨɳĬ
ǸǷǿߣƿ˼嶼̯ϴˣ

ͬʱ
¸绪˽֡
ط¡һ˻صĺԺС
ֵܣǻǣø·жͷ۷ǿͷʹ̼
˵һ֮󣬹Ц
ݣطֵܱ༭ʦˣ֮ʣҸұ֤Щطֵܵҹߣ
Ҳ̲סڸ̾޷һǿĺ䶯ţǵһλǿߣκһԣجΣ
˫ȫ
һĬԵӥֻ˵ĸֱԼͶط塣
һԲֻǳ۾۷Źؿط磬üĿ֮Լӿֳһź
ƺΪûۼ֤һжеź
ֻ㱨в鱨ԱӿĺԺҪ뿪ô
ʱӵ˻㱨Ϣæطл㱨
ȻϷҪݵñһЩǾ˻ɡ
طҡͷһǺŵοһ򲽽ежðŵǿߵķճ֣ҹɾǿҲ
õģشʦ
һʱͷطĿųڳݡ
Ǹط׻ƵΪվŴ˵еˣӭµĿʼ


1456 ֮ѹư˷
طɱɭ¶ΪǿߵϢڰ̳𶯡飬Ҳڶ̶ʱڴȫÿһ䡣
йҵ鱨֪Ϣ
Ǹ鱨ⲿŵĸˣǸ鱨ˣǵ֪ϢĵһӦǲܣڶӦ±ơ˵ǿֻǴ˵еĴô
ʢ٣սܲ
Ϊսָ˵Ŀɫڰ칫
ԭչصѣȻȡ鱨˹¸绪Ļ㱨

ܣ
ɭɱĵһӦ
鱨˵Ĳ˵òޱȻʵֻɭɱ⣬ɳϣһԲ
ͷǽô죿ִϢǸĻ߻¸绪˽ֵĺԺҪҹϵ¸绪ץɱǸĻô
ۿĬ鱨ԥһ£ʾȴףԷȻܹɱɭôټս֣˱չص֮⣬ΨпԳ֣аٷ֮ٵİսɱ
ΪǸΪǿߵĸж٣ʵ
սֶԣɭѾˣ鲻üһʱҲҪģǿߵϢе𾪺ӡ
ΪϢģǽȫѧƽ⣬пܸıȫеĸ֣
սԣ飡
ͷҸΪǸصӦúǿ˰벽񾳵򣬷򲻿̳ܽĵӣǿֻڴ˵֮УԹһҲǿߣ
鱨˳һ£˵ԼĿ
һԤԼ⻪ѧЭ᳤޺˵ҪŰݷ
룬ָʾԱֲֻᣬǾȥҴ޺
ǣͷ
鱨˵һʱ˿Ŀĺ͹ġʵ˵ϢȻٿǶԸ顣
ͬʱ
ŷ޵ԶѾ³ǰףӭ
ڰᵱܾݵĹųǱڰľʦ÷塢ϰ²˺֮˶ٴۡ
ģô飿
˶ڱԹǳԷʱһֻһҪѿжѿ
ǻɱɭͰ¶ˣʦ˱ǿߵϢԣرɥϢЩˣ
˶÷Ͱ²Ȼ
νƨɾԴ
ԳطֵܣڰطͷŴУһ£ˡʦͽԺȻȻر˵ˡ
һԻɱ۷ǿߵľţһ񾳵ǿߣǵвԶԶĳĳң
Ͼ͹ҶŲͬļɵߣ˲ͬ
÷壬ǽô죿
²Ҳ̲סڴ˴İĿͶ÷塣
Ѱҡ
÷ıǰδеأ˸ž⣬֪ͨȫԱȫ٣ͬʱǷͷǰпֵܳĵط취ҵ죬Ϣϱ졣
ֻˡ
²̾˿Ͽ÷ľ
˶еһƣڰųȫΪǿ󡢿ֲĺڰʲôʱ򵱹ͷڹꣿ
Ȼ
ҲãҲգҲûκε÷ľ
ΪǸֻǿߣڰҲǲ
֮⣬ͻȻðһǿߵˣ鱨͸뾡һа취ȥʵǻҪйעϢ̬Ҫʱ֯鱨
÷ֿڲȴǰǸصǧǿߣ򽫳Ϊڰѣ
˲ǿߵĻϷܼһж淨

ͬĳŷһųǱݡ
Ǵ̿˵ܾݵ㡣
ôðһǿߣ
̿Ĭˣ鱨˺ӥĻ㱨̲סڣǰ䡢ͳȡ֮Ǿɡ
Ϊȫϡصɱ֯̿ʷƾã֯ص䡢ɶѡ
ĳ˵̿˶ȫʷ̡ѧݱ˽̶ȣϺܶҺ޷Ტ۵ġ
Ϊ̿Ŀǰ죬Ĭ֮ǰ֯Щص䣬Կ϶ȫѧʷϣδֹǿߣֻǽӽ񾳣
죬ҸΪǸ񾳵ĿԺСӥ˵Լжϡ
˵ǸҲû˵ʦ˾񾳣ֻǵ˵ӽ񾳣пͻ񾳡
Ĭ˽üͷ˼֯ΪǸĻŶȺܸߡ
ǵģ졣
ӥȷӦ֯ҪǸݻʵƶ˵ʵҲƶ˽ɭڻ֮֡
ɭͺʵ˵ʵϢ䣬ʵȡҪ׼ȷϢҪƶϣ
Ĭ˳ĬƬָ̣ʾ
ǣ죡
ӥæȻԥһ£ʵ죬黪طϢô
Ϊʲôأ
ĬӦɱǸƤǵƣ̤ǵҫǸصйϵҲ
ţ
ٴĬ˵ĻӥЩɻ󡪡ĬѵһҲô
ǻʦǻطʦɱѲɻΪͷ𲻳ɣ
ĬһЦȻɱⱬһ򲽽ǸĻΪطͷֻҪûͻ񾳣Ҳ壡
죬˼ǣΪط̫ˣһӽ񾳵ǿ֣߳ǸԸ⿴ľ档һķչһֻɱˣ
һΣӥȻ˲Ĭ˵֮
š
ĬͷɱŨͻ񾳣뻪ط޹أһϵĻĻ˵ľ֣ش֮




1457 
һҹȫѧĲ֮ҹǣ֤ͨɱɭ¶ǿߵľ̺˵ʵϢ
Ȼ
ֻõǰߣй˵Ϣų֪Ľ֪֯顣
ΪˣһЩǿ뻪ѧ磬ͼͨѧ粶׽˵˿
ǽƻ֮жһԻѧ紫ٴȫѧ磬Ҳӡ֤Ĵڣ
ɽɡҡκһԴСǿ˺ɱӥ桢޳ˣǽϧһдѪծѪ
ݣɽɡҺڹͬȫѧ𶯵һ˵
գǰɽ͡ǰ֪鼰ɽɡҺҪ֮ίɽɰ˴һ仰ԴСǿͽߣ𣡡
ǲ˵ݣ֮͸©İɱˣеһͷƤ顣
Ϊһǿߵľ棡
һУԳط֮֡
طɽɡҺΪ˼һ㱣֣ͬʱҲӵ֤˵Ĵڣ˵ľ棬ȫͶ׶ߵ˶֡
Ͳ˵Ԥϵһ״ȫ˾޴𶯣ĺԺܵ鱨Աˣ
Ͳ˵һСʱ֮ӵ´ϢȻһʱط㱨鹧ݡ
ݵĲڳȻ
ɱɭ۷ǿͷĺԺͲ˵
طĲۣʵ˵ݣþȫ
ֵܣԭΪһߣҷҴˣʵһߡ
̲סֱ̾˵˵
ˡ
طشֻ𶯵ط˽ܵ绰
ƻĴʦ硣
ط翴һʾĺ룬Ը֮࣬˵һ䣬Ȼתص䣬ͨ绰
С磬Ϸݵÿ԰ɽɡҺһݣԼ浽һزˡҲ֪࣬Ҷᱻɹȥ
绰ͨͲȴƻĵһЦشȤ
ƴʦˡطǫػص
ǰ̵һϷʵ˺ʦͽǴڵˡڸղţ̻˹绰ûжԴ˻ɣֱѯǷ񾳡
ƻ뵽֮ǰӵ̻˹绰ΣЦѣ̻˹ƭˣ͸˵ˡ
ƻĴʦôشģط̲סʵ
˵ʵ֮ϣǷͻ񾳣Ҳƻ˵
ллƴʦ
طԣæл
ΪƻĵĻ֤ʵ˺˴ڣ͹˵ʵ
ϾƻĿǱΪѧһˣ
С磬иʡƻͻȻ˵
˵
Ȼļƻȷ֤ʵ˺ʦͽĴڣеһ侯ȫȷ˵İȫôΪʲôԼӽȥ
ƻ˵еɻ󣬡ƣطʦֵܣ˵ͽܣţҲԲκỳɡһĻȫṩıϣ
ƻĴʦӦûǵϴٱǰ˵Ļɣط練ʵ
Ȼǵá
ƻʶӦȻԼµʲôûпڣǵطԼ͡
ϴθңǿߵ·̫ڽʧȥߵ¸Һ޵
ط绺ڣ֮оǸмǷ֮ǰÿһжÿһս˳ᢣΪԼ·ٳ޷ͻƻ۷塣ΪǷɱ֮۷ǿʵĽɭʱ֮ضһͻ˻۷塣
˵طݣΪ˵ͽܣһʱڣȷҵİȫеĵͶҲʧȥȸСΣУ֮ĺ޵еҵѧ֮·ǲģҲ˵ǿ֮·
˵طͣһ£ŵҲԼڰȫӶѧʵûĵһԭ򣡡
С磬ԭ֧㣬Ϊޣ
ƻԣоǰοطܹӵɻɱ۷ǿʵǰ£һʵס
ţط粻ڵʵҲδΣգ
ǿ߾ҲǳΪǿߵĹؼ
ƻĴʦӦллطм˵
лҾͲˡ
ƻ˵ţּʵղ˵ĵһԭڶԭʲô
ľ֣ش֮
ط绺˵˸֣ȻҸղ˵ұ˵˵ͽܣҲֻܱһʱƽΪҵĳʵ̫̫ˣҸǿǾҳ˵Ĵ죬ΪΪǻðŷսһɱ
ʱõ񾳣ǾԻֻɱ񾳣ôѲȫˣѹڣ
С磬һϯҿԳ׷ĵȥչˡ
ٴطĻƻĲοطĴֹ۸е壬Ƿĵ˵һ䣬Ȼսӿҳأڰᣡ




1458 ǰţ
峿ʱ򣬺ջӺˮ¶Դϼӳ˺桢գᴩ˶ʣ·˹ÿһ䡣
ճ״ӺƽʱΪ֯Сȣүүϯߵס
ϯڲһͣһе峿ĺ
ϰߣÿڤ֮һȭȻ裬Լ͡
ȣпõҪԼһţ̣߼һһ
߽ϯָָǰĿЦ˵
ͬûмȥϯ졢󣬶ǰϯ˵Լȥһţ̣
ȣЩְ
Ƚһ弦еϯǰĲϯԸЦ
װүүǰô
΢Ц˵ȻŵŲʳ
ǵģװȣ˵ǰģÿ϶ҳͣһЩŴʷǲ֪ʲôʱͱأ㲻ҳͣÿԼżϻһЩ⡣ţǴʲôʱʼأЩأ
ϯ΢Цš٩˵ţװһ˼ģûа㵱ǿߵӣһɰСͷ
ȷ˸ۣᣬר־سͣ·ר͵ġ
ϯ߼״ǽ̫һ㣬һҲżСϹ
Ȼ
ȰȣȰȣȵȳͣȻûеȵȿһЩ顣
ǰЩӵȣʵڷ̫
װȣҪô
󣬵ϯ߿Ⱥţ̣վ׼뿪һ㶣ʶʵ
԰װүүô˸Цʡ
û⡣
ϯҡҡͷȻ󿴵ȹתߣæǸװȣطεݳǲر𾫲ʣ
װүүط粻ʧܾ𣿡ͣ½Ųתգգ۾

ϯһһͷߣȻЦװȣүүˣүүӦó㡣Ǻȸ裬죿
£ϯΪ˱ʾ⣬Ȼȥˮݲ衣
ЦЦ»صλϡ
Ƭ̺ϯ߽һݺõĲ˹ȻԼȸһ
һУϯûصһۣȣ㻹ûлش֮ǰأطݳǲǺܾʡ
ҵһ˵ΪʱǵʱҲš
ʱңΪֻӵк͸ʱΪһﶼ죬Ҫʱˡ
ҿʼо¼֤漣ҾȷʸΪһһˣȻţܹΪʱǡ
ڣˡ
װȣΪʲôأѵΪɱ۷ǿô
ϯ߰ͷһЦݣƺϿԼԤԣкˬ
ǡ
ȸشԶĺҡҡͷѧ츳ѣսھһȻҪҲΪʱǵıҪֵѧ츳ԣҸǻۡ
иԼ棬ǻزͬʱ˵ΣȥߺͶ̰塣
𣿡
ϯյغһڲ裬ʵ

ջĿ⣬ϯȴڿط磬ĿгͣӵһǿĿɽӻİȫٿԱӻδһʱİȫΪȡǿʱͻᣬˡΪ¸ҶηǿšһѧţҲһߣһʿ
ûѧ֮·ֹھǿز񾳵һܳΪ˵ʱǡ
ϯϵЦݣ˵
үүҺܺ棬Ϊʲôһʼôʳɻ
һ顢˻мֱµġ
ϯһǣо˸ĥѣͨ޷ģҲǰĴ޷ģĥѡ
ָؼҶһУµʲô
ؼңлġ
ΪؼҵĽȴΪӢۣȴͨ
գȴȻѡ൨ҳϣһ߳ţھ⣬ԵУһһΣȴϲŵ˵ʬǣǰ·Ǻεȵļѣ
ϯҡҡͷȻһһȣĻӦÿԷ֣ݹ۹ŽκιȣκʱܹΪǵģһ澳ġ˳Ҳܹǿߣ޷ھһʱǺŲ
˼
ΪԼѾ˽طˣϯⷬȴԼԶԶ˽Ǹˡ
үү͢ʥŮҪٰᣬŷһѧš϶뻪ط磬ҵжϣطʱǰݡ˵˵͢뻪طݡ𣿡
Ƭ̹ȴ˼лع񣬿ʵ
϶ᡣ
ϯߺܿ϶صͷ͢˹Ұļý͢ģȺۣԿڰ硣Ϊ˴ﵽĿģνʥŮգǰӵӢĿ壬ôܲҪ֪ǵһ֮ĵһˣұվһ񾳵ʦ
ûطȥ𣿡ȼʵ
װȣȥĻŻȥɣ
һΡ
ϯûлش𣬶Цеؿȡ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬Ǳ̽еһ㣬ϳһĨ糺졣




1459 Խ͢
ĵ׶԰Ļľ̰ԡɢ˵ķ㣬һȺɫĺڻ衣
ݿһɫĳȹվڻУЩĺһ
һУͬһȻĻļ¡
Ȼ
ݿȴûõʱ⣬ü΢΢ţȥƲ֡
ʵϣѾƲֺܾˡ
׼ȷ˵Դӿ֮ͿʼƲˡ
֮ΪôӢңùЪӢɿЪݿ顣
ڶĵ죬طϵһֱӵķʽȡŻԼǿƴ򱬴̿Խǿߵɱ֣ܺڰ¬⣬ÿʹ߱нͣƨҷһ
һս磡
һսЪ岻Ӣ
ͬҲһս󣬿ŭûнŭйطϣǷѹѹӢңӢҵĴüѡ
˶ʳͷ׻ס
һУݿҲܵһ̶ȵӰ졣
һʱ䣬ط糹伣˹ȵףϼĿЦˣʲôʱüͷ
һ䱻괵㣬ʧȥյͷ㡣
ţţݿ۰׵ֻ֣̯Ʒ衢׷һֻͣϡ
Ҫܹһǡɾͺˡ
ݿ̾˿Ȼ΢һƣܵţ׷׷ˡ
ݿջĿ⣬ת뿪ԣ丸ײס
װݿˡ
Ƭ̺󣬵ݿ鷿ʱһǣǿЦݡ
ɫԽԽˣҽɡ
ݿɫ㲣źȦĲ۶ǵ˵
ãݿû¡ҡͷ
ÿһλ׶ŮԶػ½Ů֮Ȼı䡣
Ȼ
һ̣ŬԼŮǰֵõһЩǿһЩĿ⣬üĿ֮ƣʵ״̬
ҽɡݿֵ
ݿӦ֪ҵõĲֻҪǵѹҵĲͺˡ
ָԼ࣬̾˿Ȼ󻰷һתʵ𣿡
͢ʥŮٰᣬҷ뺯ݿڻص
Ŷ
ԣüͷһ֪͢ҪѧؼĴˣô㷢뺯ˣ
Ҳɣڣŷ޸һЩӡӵ뺯ݿص

ԣһ£ݿ˵ǿҲӵ룬Ҫ磬ͲҪȥˡ
͢ʥŮӦûط緢뺯ɣݿʵ
͢һֱ£϶ᷢѾʧܾˣҰĿǰƣ½ӵ뺯Ҳ벻ḰԼ
̾˿ݿ˼ͨλط档
͢뻪𣿡ݿҧҧ촽ٴʵ
Ӧûᡣ
һȻ˴𰸡
͢Ϊ£ѡǰӣȻŹǱɡ
οһλ񾳵ʦ
ȥ
ݿͻȻڣǰٸԲμӰᡣ
ݿҵĺӣҪȥô֪ģЪɪڽ͢λӶӳҿǿҲҪȥ׶飬һֱڻǼ㣬ġһǡ
һйطϢ
ݿ˵Լɣᶨ
ðɡ
ٴݿĻݿеļᶨ̾˿ûֹ
һ̣֪ݿִһҪԭ
ѾȷطˣŮеĵиݿͬһˡ
֤һ㣡
ȥô
ͬ⣬ݿ˿̲סаԼ

˸Сʱ
¸绪Ҳӭ峿ԭ˽ֱλ˽ֿڵĺԺȴһƬ
ĺԺΧԭ𾯽ȫʧˡ
Ǹ¡ȥ¸绪ĺԺֻʣطһˡ
ŵӵʱһ۽γĺԺſڣһ͢ĳԱӳ£һĺԺûˣҾĵģеЩɻ󣬵ֳһɫĺԺš
ߺˣ
ܿ죬ĺԺﴫط
ʦطʦٸԽ͢صذʥŮָʾǰ뺯ʥŮٸԽٰ͢ᣬǲμӡ
Խ͢ĳԱ˵ص
ûͽɡ
͢ԱĻطһ룬öԷ뺯ͽ
õġ
͢ԱԣһϲæӦȻƿĺԺĴţĺԺ
ţ
һ̣㿴һɫ۵ط磬ϥĺԺһʯϡ
ʦʥŮطʦ뺯
ֻһۣ͢ԱϳԷȫѧĻͷһȻһ·Сܵطǰؽ뺯˫ֵϡ
طֵܱչˣʱ޷ϵ
ط뺯ɨһۣȻʵʥŮЩˣ
ŷ޵ͳڰ֮ѧǿˣЩ͢Աʵ
ʥŮһμᡣطԣӦ
һ棬ʶһ£ЩĴˡ
һ棬ܾμӰĻǰݵһкпܻᱻ˻ɡ
áõģʦ
͢ԱԣһȻпϲˣҾͲˣټ
š
ط΢΢ףȻĿŽ͢Ա뿪ҹĺԺš
һθ磬Ӧܹܶ˰ɣ
͢Ա뿪طе뺯
һΡ
ȫѧھǰٸԽܾͣ͢˽͢£ĺ⣬㱻жɱ
һΡ
ѽ书˳Խ۷ǿߵĵزӵһλõʦֵΣ




1460 һ
ΪʱĹϵ¸绪ӭ峿ʱٸѾӭҹһ޴ĺڲסˣ¹⡢ǹ޷кһƬڡ
ҹ£ٸûƻ貣ֻŵƹ⣬а͢ʥŮס
ӵ¸绪͢Աĵ绰ȡ˶ԷĻ㱨
޷ϵطô
üͷϢЩơ
һԴ׶һս֮ط伣ˣжЩǣҺ͵ǡ
ߣϣطܹμᡣ
ǵģʥŮʦ׿˵ġ˵طڱչء͢Ա
֪ˡ
ĵ̾˿Ȼͨ
ǽ̻˹ָʾط磬˵뷨
Ϊˣ̻˹صض˵Ŀǰƣܹ뺯͵طУطҲδظμᡣ
ȻΪ̻˹˵һ̲סȥˡ
󣬰һȻ뿪סǰ̻˹ڵСá
ͬһڼִСõʱ·ɪķ䣬͸ɪӰӡ
֪ΪΣӰһëȻĸоǸо·ɪһֻںڰеҲ
ҡҡͷĻͷȻӿŲ
ͬһִСõʱ򣬽̻˹﷭ʥ
̻ʱ¡
̻˹ʺá
ˡ
̻˹΢΢ףӵʥһԡ
̻ʱ£ҸղŽӵ㱨ϴѾ뺯͵˻Сڻ㱨
ǸԸ𣿡
̻˹֣ǰȻһЩֱӴ˰Ļ
Ӧμҵᣬ˵طڱչأϵ޷뺯͵ط籾СҲ˵ط粻ʵ˵
طûϵǸͺˣ
̻˹һ΢Ц˵Ǹо·ԣޱغ£ط磬Ѿʧȥ塣
֮⣬ƿ˼塢ӡŷڡձ塢̫˲䡭ͳͳܾ롣
һ㣬̾˿Ȼּ㱨
˵Ǹޡڸõǿ
Щ֪һֱȫأֱڲ½ͬ̿ˡ֯һ
֪ˡ
̻˹ԣδе⡣
һ棬֪ȻΪ͢ʥŮֻսڵʵЩǿ֮ϴ
仰˵ǽ͢ţλڽ̲ƶߵŵӵᣬԷĻЩĴˣ֡
һ棬ҲףȻһֱҡźŽͬԿڰ͢ĺޣܶϿɽ͢λϿȫѧˣƻģ
̻ʱ£ƿ˼ӦΪ¸绪飬Ӳŷ޵Ĳ¼棬ԾܾǰͲˡ
˵ԼĿ֪ûн̻˹ô࣬Ҳûôࡣ
ţǲҲûϵ
̻˹΢ЦҡҡͷԣνĻᣬῡţֻǸδ͢Լ桢Ǣ̸Ԥȡ
Ա֮Уǽ̻˹һλˡ
û֮һ

֮ӢǱ
ΪĳԱİɭһһͷɫ˹ųǱ
Ʒǿ嵱ǿˡޱʮ꣬Ѿǰͻս۷壬˴γغսӵп۷ǿߵս
磡
ף
ɭޱ󣬷׷ǰһʺá
ͬƺǰɭĸ磬ޱĸףҲǿĿǰ峤Ϳ
峤һͿǵǿľǿ֮һûҵǰ񾳵·
Ψгչص峤ҲǰͿĸס壬ҵ˽񾳵Ĵţһֻ˽ȥ
ɭޱĿǰĸֺƷǳӣصĺڰȺӿ֣Ϊȷδĸֱ䶯вӰ죬ͽ͢ǰӣ˴ޱȥμӽ͢ʥŮᣬ֮һȥһ˽͢
Ϳ΢΢ףȻȰɭޱ֮󣬿żɽ˵
ǣף
ޱһʱȻʵף֪طǸ쵰͢ϵܺãʥŮһƬġû´ĻʥŮ϶ȥ𣿡
еϢطӦòμӽ͢ʥŮᡣͿҡҡͷ
ǸҵϢ
װͿĻޱЩʧ˵ԭһλᣬݺݵؽѵһǸط磬ǿ徴ηƻֻˡ
֪λԳǻطֵܵĻ˽͢룬ϯᡣͿ˵
Ŷ
ޱͰɭһ
ޱǸɻɱ۷ǿߣ㲻Ķ֣ǧͻͿһ䡣
֪ˣס
ޱһʱӦȴЩơ
ԭΪԼ֮ӵп۷ǿߵʵԺɨˣȴû뵽ͻȻðͬһɽһ˵ǰ޷Խ
ɭޱһȥһ˹ֻϺ꣬һġȻ͢ҪǺǱҪóС
ͿܿԼޱƣû˵ʲôǽĿͶ˰ɭ
õģ硣
ɭͷӵн۷ǿߺ;ǿߵʵǿĺĳԱ֮һʹߴǰ͢Ӵһǳõİš
ףǸΪط飬ҵ鷳ô죿
ŰɭĻ£ޱͻȻ뵽ʲôֿʵ
ѵһ١
Ϳüͷһ˵ţȻֶ԰ɭѵɭҪסɱ
İɣ磬ķ飬зִ硣
ɭٴεͷһг̬
Ⱥɱ˽ɭɭͰ¶۷ǿߣУûиа塢սʱ


1461 Դ
ȫѧٸԺǣΪ͢ʥŮᣬٴγΪȫעĽ㡣
ǰһ죬Ǳ½ִǡ
Ϊٸûס޵ĵط͢԰ǱƵΪ͵ס
԰Ƶ꿪ҵ1889֪꣬ľƵ֮һԻ͵ʷУӴڶҪˡ
͢Ϊṩס֮⣬صذ˽ӻӴɽ͢ӵĶӳɪͬʱҲΪȷ͵İȫ
Ϊ֤͵İȫκɶԡᶼ֮أ췽ʵһ֡
˴ΣǰμӰı͵УĴ֮⣬ŷ޸ĻҳԱǶѧ⺺Ժգһ飬Խ͢⽻شӰ졣
ʱ䣬ӵʱһӢ׶ط˽˷ɻ׼ʱ䣬Ȼڻȵָ£ָͣλ
ͣλԶͣһ˹˹ӰһԽҰɪ͢ĻվԣѵȺʱ
ȻΪ˴νӴĸˣɪǵһεӻ
ΪִĿǰɭޱһǿĺĳԱһǵǿˣݵλͬһ㡣
ȻΪҪǣɪڼ塪ЪĴȣ
ɪַʽʾԡȡأ
Ӻ˽˷ɻָͣλͣȣŴ򿪣ɭޱȺ¡
İɭʦޱүٸԻӭǣ
ɪæ͢ӭϣʺá
ɪЪұȫѧбطǸ쵰ϵôŶ۵ɪޱȿʵ
֮󣬵֪׶֮սӶطϣмйȫѧϢطɪһս
ǵģޱү
ɪͷüĿ֮źɱ⡣
طȫѧлܣұۣ̳ʧȥ׷ϣ֮طһƻ˿ݿĶ飬ݺݵؼ̤Ъҫ
һУطĳޣͨ˱ɱޣֱƵѪ
ζϣܹɱط磡
ɪǸ쵰ɱĵܵܿ
ɪĺɱ⣬ޱٴοڵ㣬Ϊܱܵ𣡡
ллޱү
ɪʾ˸лȴǿԼһԻǿսط漣һŽط̳طȥйͷ֮ޣ
ޱû˵ʲôɭһ䣺ɪڽ͢Щɵò
ллɭʦ
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Ϳ嶼û뵽͢ƾͼƣͬ룬һΪ˽͢ͿŦΪαǰӴ˻
ɪؽɭޱϳȻһͬǰ԰ǱƵꡣ
Ȼ˴ΰĿݶ󣬵ɪԣпֵ֮ԵӭӵΨаɭޱˡ
Сʱһ˽˿ͻ
֮ͬǰ˽˷ɻһһ˽˷ɻҲ׶أӢҡ
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֮ǰɪͣλӭӲͬݿûܵĴ
͢ڸʲôȻûýӴĳӽ̲סԹ
Ϊݿͷűڣͬݿȥܶңġ
ݿеʱÿһҶݿĿ˽Ӵģ
ˣ⣬ҲĿʵ̫ˣǲý
ݿԣ˵ţδܵеһڰˡ
õģ¡
˵ͷȻĵĲݿ䣬ݿӹͨ뿪
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ݿ΢Цűʾ˸л
ݿ£ʮֱǸΪղŵִĿ̫У͵ĳȫȥ˾Ƶ꣬ĿǰûҪȰСʱҡ͢ӳԱһǸ⡯˵
ǽ͢ʲô˼ǰݿºӢҵʲô
Ȼ͢ӳԱĻ˵ŭ𳹵ȼŭĿŶԷͺ
ˣһΣݿ΢΢üͷ
˵͢İǶӢҵĲأ裡
ʮֱǸݿ£ǰƵ꣬˰һʿ
͢ӵĳԱû˵ŭٴαʾǸ⡣
ġʿ쵰ݿºӢ𣿡
˳ŭˣܻǰһץס͢ӳԱ·ӣŭ⡣
ݿеȻҪʿ
ʲôЦ
ˣҪſ
һĻݿæֹ
ȻԽ͢İҲܲҲ͢ڴ֮ͥ´֣Ӣҵ
ģһὫһиɪʲô˼
ݿĻ˷ſ͢ӵĳԱһŭδӡ
١
͢ӵĳԱûпȴЦѡ
Ϊһжɪźõģ
ˣĸԴݿ
ҿǾٵдʦʲôʱ򵽣
ʱݿһ͢ԱһӣдŻӭʦ
ݿ£ʦ˵ķɻжʮӽ䡣Ҹղ˵ȰСʱǽʦ͢ӵĳԱص
ϢҵȰСʱʦͬһǰƵꡣ
ٴ͢ӳԱĻݿüͷɿеĲȻ޴棬ȡ֮޷Ƶļ
طһô
аԼڴŴ𰸡




1462 ݿ
Сʱһ¸绪Ŀͻ׼ʱ䡣
һ˹˹ӰͣλԶȴ͢ԱѾȺʱ
İɭޱһط˽͢ʻӻĴ
׼ȷ˵
֮⣬ݿҲվԡ
»֮˰СʱϽط˹˹Ӱ
ɻ֮ͣطһСƤ䣬»
ʦٸԻӭĵ
͢Ա״һʱӭϣʺã̬ʮֹ֮ǰԴݿ˶ԣ֮ͬ
лл
طòػӦţĿȴɨ˳ݿˡ
֣طеЩ⡣
ڰݿû뵽Լһ·ɻˣݿȥרŵԼ
Ϧ£ݿһɫĳȹһߣһ߶ط磬ЩҲЩڲЩȡ
Ҳ򼴽ҿеɻ󡪡طǷһ˶е
ãʦݿӢңطѣܸ˼
ܿ죬ݿߵطǰͣ½Ųعȿڣͬʱ֣Ҫط֡
ãݿ£ط˵
ݿ쳣ط֪ݿڻԼݣʶ˵ţݿǣӶһԵ͢Ա쳣ɡ
ǡ𣿡
Ȼط仰һڣݿɫʱˣʶؿڣ֮гŲţҲǾһĿⶼЩɬˡ
ǲһˣ
طסݿ۰Сʱݿ̲ס˵仰Щ£ȴطϡ
ţ
ɲǼ䣬ݿͫ׶ȻŴ
ΪַֻǳϤطļֱһģһ
ৣ
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ݿ£ôڻطʵ
١ʦ֪ǵķɻִ֮󣬽͢˸ǣڽ͵ˣûȥƵ꣬ǴʿȥƵ꣡
һΣݿڣ˱һߵ˵ݿ¿ֳдӣѯʵ֪˵ĿͻаСʱִѡȴСʱ˽˳·Ƶ꣡
ţ
˵Ļطͫ΢΢Ŵ֪϶⡪ݿӢҹӢӰԶٸ֮ϣ͢㵡ݿֹʧ񣬸һ裡
£ǾԲܷģ
Ǹʦʱ³ڽ͵ܶ඼·ϣݿֻһԸĻ취
طĬʱ͢ӵĳԱæ˵
Һطֵܣݿطĺѣô᲻Ը⣿طüص
ǡǣ̫޴ˣ
͢ӵĳԱʶԼ⣬æϴȻطûз𣬰˿ʾΡʦ뿪𣿡
ݿ£ϳɡ
طûлӦ͢ӵĳԱٴνĿͶݿ
áõģʦ
ݿʶػӦ˻ûг׻عӶطϤ۾֣Ŀ⻹ɨһط֡
ط罫һпδ˵ʲôǾҸʵĻᣬݿԼʵݡ
طݿһͬϳܿʻ
Ϊ³ԵʣʮӺŵִ԰ǱƵꡣ
ʦݿ£͢ѾΪԤ˷䣬ֻʾ֤ǼǣסƵꡣ
ھƵſ֮ͣ͢ӵĳԱѵ
һΣطûелֱݿ³߽˾Ƶꡣ
ط̬ת䣬͢ӵĳԱЩš
Ϊе֪ǰͽ͢Ŀˣ
ת뵽ɪİַֻ֮Ƿ£дӶš
ƵѾִıϢһߺſȣһʲô
Ƕŷ޸ҵӡȻ˴֮࣬ںܶۻ᳡϶棬˿ٴμĻ顣
ৡ
طݿ߽Ƶ֮˲ЩҳԱĿ⡣
У󲿷˵Ŀⶼͣݿϡ
һȻ֪Ϊѧ⺺ѧעǺܸߣԶ֪ȫѧĵλӰǶôĿֲ
ߣѾ˵ݿڻ飬ҸղŻΪ飬ΪݿӢҵĳ裬ͬʱҲеĻ
ˣݿ£֪ķɻһСʱǰڻˣôŵأ
ܿ죬һƯŮվݿкͬʱѯݿԵɡ
пգŲŲݿʶ˫ԸĲϡ
һУֻΪݿڿ֮ǰͷ̫ʢǹ˰ڸҹķͷ
ţ
𿨴յѯʣЩҵӡǣԼͬؽĿͶݿȴݿĻش
һ̣ڿϷƵģĿк棬Ϸʡ
е鵢ˡ
ݿɫƽػӦţȥһҲ˶
ʵȷˣ˿̵ӶطǷһˣԼڻһ£ѱ׵Ժ
ݿ⣬ȴɫࡣ
ţ
ʱ˿ɪӵ߳ͫ˲Ŵ
طͬҲɪ۾
Ǹݿ裬Ӧɪڱ




1463 뾯
ɪͬط硢ݿˣֱݿˣֻطһˡ
͢ӵĳԱ֪Ǵ˴αҪģΪ˴νӴĸ˵ɪô֪ܲ飿
˵ע£ɪ΢Цط硣
Ȼ֪ԳطֵܣȻط죬ȻʮֿܣһǸˣǰĵʵϡ
ɪѵ㲻Ӧݿͺ͵Ǹô
ۿɪֱĿⶼݿѹƵŭ𳹵ױˣȵ
ûлӦ
ɪֱӽ˵Ļ˿ûȥݿһۣ·һ۵ʸûС
ʦٸԻӭлǰμʥŮᡣ
ɪطǰͣ½Ų΢Цʺãȥһŵʿ˿˲ĸ
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ɪĻ£ط翪ڻشһοˣһ嵽ɪǰһͷŭʨӣŭĿɪһһͽ͢ΪݿºӢңҪǸͽͣ𣿡
ʲô˵
ɪŤͷˣϵЦݵȻ޴棬һ
㡭쵰
˳ױŭ̲סŭ
ৣ
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ɪϻֱһƳҪڸһѵ
ɪս񾳺ڣȻ޷ǿᲢۣҲ˿Աȵġ
һƣȻûжȫͻȻ֣ٶȿ磬ѹ˶Ļᡣ
Σս٣ƾսܣʶұۣھػǰ
飡
촫ɪһƳ˵ұϣ˲ݻ˵ھ
꣡
˵ұӦϣǱɵİһ㣬ֱӱ÷

ͻһĻ˶һ
Ϊû뵽ɪᵱڶ˳֣
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ݿطĺѣطӢҹϵܺãطֵܡ
طٴοڣӹɣ㵱ҵ棬ݿӢңҵܲáݿıˣԼӢҵǸ

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û뵽ɪһԲ϶ݿıڳ֣ݿӢҡ
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ȻطͱĿʱ֪Լûгֻþǰȫѧ磬Ϊȫѧǿŵ꣬ҪڵǸ
ǸʦҺݿ飬Ӧò¡
һ֮ɪϵЦ˲ʧҧҧھܾط顣
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ݿҲԼͬһ󼤶˲ռǵģǵӶܿƵز
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1464 ֻźڣ
ط粻ֹһ˹ͽ͢򽻵֪͢˹һֻǳƻϺ꣬ʵ
ط¶ȫѧھ֮˹Ϊ˽Ͻ͢սϧ޸
һΣᣬݣýֺͷҲܲµ͢Ŀġ£
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һ£Ҫ˵ֻǴɪһƣɪǸڽɪɱ˹Ҳɫ£
ΪһУطһƽɪ鷭֮󣬷ɪǸľ棬ҪΪݿӢ棡

طʮĻϢҵӡɵˡ
Ϊѧ⺺ǣ֪ȫѧζʲô޷䱳ǿߵʦԽ͢ζʲôǵļУû˸в͢
δй
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ûѡݿӢҵһ²طпܻ֣Ӧòߡ
ط粻ˣҿв͢
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١Ȼ˵ɪʿݿӢҵǸͲ̤ٸ԰벽ҿھȥٸԣҲȥˡ͢Źģ

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1465 ط
վƵҲһǼƵ꣬λ԰ǱƵĶ棬ʷ̺ߣҲԲһЩ
طݿվƵʱ򣬾Ƶ껹ͳ׷׷ţñס
طݿסͳ׷Ǹסһ׷
ס֮طͳ׷
ǿ򿪵ģվſڣרŵȴط磬Ȼ˲ᣬȻ粽رݿ
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طĻݿԼͿæ˵
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Ȼԣ뿪ݿʧְΪ֪ѷǵУԲ˺ݿ
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ִǰ
Ϊ֤ԼĲ²⡪طǲһˣ

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ط΢΢һЦŵĻЦ˲ݿеĵǣһ£ɪԻӢҵǸٶȻܿ죡

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طݸݿһ񣬺ᡪܱ¶طʵݡ
ݿԼطߵſڣ˷š
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Ŵ򿪣ɪط磬һʱͷϣһ΢Цؿڣط磬ͼ롣
ãϣʦֵ֪طɱڰĵɭ
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1466  ׹Ԩ
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ʦҲӦðҲӦö˶֣ðݿºӢңϵصǸڣԭ¡
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ǸͬһԶ죬ѾΪӢˣ
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ϣɪע£ݿһУطޱ˵

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˵ֱۣݿˣƽû˿ͱˣ⣬ɪǷһǸ

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õط֧֣˲ԥߵɪǰӸµؿɪһһ
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طһ仰ϳ˽͢




1467 ʥַ
ͳ׷Ŀɪ˼̱˵ϣһ鷢£۴ɬǸо·ĩսһ㡣
ϣʦûˣһ׼ʱǰٸԲμʥŮᡣ
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ɪһڴȲ뿴ݿϳ͵ĳ




1468 ֤ǵ
Ϊȫŷ֪ľƵ֮һ԰ǱƵͳ׷ֹһס
Ϊ֯СҲһͳ׷
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һ£ѾױݹˣǾ뿪Ӷݱ¶
ǣȵ£
ǾϹȻſڻ㱨磬ִƵ֮󣬵ڽѵ˽͢ɪҡ
ɪ׳ա
طѵɪȥ̲ס˵һ仰
ɪȻǽ͢ӶӳЪĽܳҲûʸ͵ݿӢңǼ޴Ϊ
һУֱûʲô
˲֪ط磬ǺģҲ֪طݿĹϵ
ǵģȵ£ɪȷʵǸ׳աͷ͡
ַʲô
ٴοʵط˽⣬˵ȥĻͬóȥˮǽܸ͢һĴ𸴣ǾԲưոݵġ
ȵ£鷢֮ϣɪȥ˶վƵ꣬ȥݿǸ
˵ͣһ£ֵǣɪ뿪ʱǱϣŵģڵＸ̱ˡ
ǡӣ͢Ϊ£䱳񾳵ʦɪӡ
һ˼³еԵɡ
ԭ
Ȼ򣬡ֲɪص԰ǱƵ֮ûлԼķ䣬ȥ˰ɭޱ˵ķ䡣
٣ҿɽȥˡ
ȱһЦȻվŶƻͨվƵ꣬кϷˡ
ţ
ָĻһһȵ֮ɭޱ˺пܻΪɪͷһƱػײ
ͬʱ
վƵͳ׷
ݿȻطڿɳϣǰһƿƣﲥĸ
Ȳͬݿ֣Ϊ˷ֹԼطĽ̸Ϊա
ʵϣ˿̵طڴϣӵط磬һЩ顣
ﲻʺϵĵص㣬Ҳʺϵʱ䣬طԻܾʶֻѹסǸͷ
ˣݿ׶鷢֮󣬿ûмΪ㸸ף
طݿһ֮뵽˲ǰ׶飬̲סʵ

ݿԣ̲ס̾˿
ȥһʱһУͬһĴɽѹڲӢҵͷòҲݿܵǡż뽫һиط硣
Ϊ˽ط硪۶ѻǵˣһһŵǧ
ط׶ǿƻɱ̿Ӣɱ֣ܺڰ¬֮в岻ҪӢҵ鷳
һݿţط֪ʵԻҿ鷳
Ȼ˵ײӢܹ߳ϣطΪ˶ȥաطѾΪӢ̫ˣ
ӣ㸸׺ļˡط״üͷ
װģҸ׺ͼѣֻʱģҲ˺Ƥ㲻صġ
ݿҡҡͷȻ뵽ʲôһתЪĿɽѵɪұ뿪͢пܻȥҿ塣
֪͢ʥŮ˴λޱޱ尬ɭҲˡ
֮⣬һҸ˵͢ǰӣˡ
˵ݿͣһ£ӿֳһĨǣװģ鷳͢Ϊ˿壬ô죿
İɣĿǰ˵ҶԽ͢ȿ󡣡
ط΢΢һЦȻ۾ĸôʥĸǽ֤ǵ


1469 ϣ𣬱
ҹĻ٣ڰŴأٸֻŵƹ⣬һƬ
ҹɫУϣٸԣûлԼסֱ̻˹Сöȥ
Ҫȥ̻˹㱨Լ֮ǰɪȥŵǸ
ϣɡ
ϣߵСſڣ̻˹
Ȼ̻˹ȴϣѲϣϢ
ϣʲô
ϣǰŸսСã̻˹ȲʵȫûյĵЩ
һУֻΪ䱳񾳵ʦԽ̫͢ҪӰ쵽δǳֵս
͢£ɪĵǸͬⰴʱμʥŮᡣϣ̻˹Ȼ㱨˽

ϣĻ̻˹˿
ǸҪɪ뿪͢ҵӦϣֲ
Ŷ
̻˹΢΢һû뵽Ľ
̻ʱ£òӦôӦϣ״Щɻʵ
ʮٸɪҪȻҪӦ
̻˹ǿ϶ϣȻŵЩҵԤϣ˵Ļط磬ұȻطǿơ
̻ʱ£ΪôᣬӵгԽ۷ǿߵսұվһλ񾳵ʦǿǱȻġϣ˵ԼĿ
ţ⵹ûдǴһЩ鷳
̻˹о˸ȻϣԺɪ͢Ϣ
̻ʱ£ǵɪȥҿˣȻΪɪ飿ϣһ²µ˽̻˹⡣
ǵģǱȻģֱӽס̻˹˵
̻ʱ£һҪΪɪͷǻѡ֧ôϣԥһʵ
Ƕԣľ棬һҲϣ֡
̻˹ʣ˴𰸡
ۿ̻˹ûشϣʶȤûжʣٴζŽ̻˹Ȼת뿪Сá
Ҫȥִн̻˹ղ´
͢Ӷӳɪʿԭ˳̻͢ʱ׼ɪڽ͢κְҲǽ͢һԱ
Ӻ󣬽͢һ棬ȴǣȻ󴫵ȫ䣬ĳЩȦ˲С𶯡
һ棬ɪǽ͢һǿߣҵŽ͢ӶӳְͻȻְܲϳ
һ棬ɪЪĳԱǿ尲ڽ͢ĶӣѳΪ͢ŦĹϵкܴӰ졣
ΪҪǣɪ֮ǰ԰ǱƵݿӢңȻѵҪǸ飬ȫ󶥼֮뿪͢մͽ̬͢ȣ
԰ǱƵͳ׷ޱɭɪһʱ֪Ϣ
ɪӵ¡޵ĵ绰׼ǰнӣ˴ʥŮĽӴȡΪ˽͢ӵ¶ӳ
ɪڽӵ绰ʱǱȵβ͵è˴ըë״̬绰֮ͬ˪һ㣬ֱˡ
ԭţɭȥҽ̻˹Э̹ڽӽ͢飬̻˹ڿѹڽ͢
Ž͢棬ϣˡ͢ȻѾ˹棬ǾԲٳػ߸ĵģ
νϷԣοһ̻ᣬһȣ
һУˮ֮ˣʧһһ㣬׾ˡ
ģ˹ǸëԴˮȻΪǸƤӽɪϳ͢һصط˹棿
͵ɪ̱ɳϵʱޱһջǶǿ裡
ɭüͷɫ쳣ѿ
ڸҪǰ͢ȥ˹ʱ򣬵֪˽͢Ĺ棬ˡ
֪͢ż棬ס졣
֮⣬ҲϿޱĻ͢һҲĹϵǶԿ裡
Ǻǡ֪˹ϹԻӣû뵽Ȼӵز
ڰɭĬͬʱɪͻȻʧǵ״̬лعһԳ˵ţ˸ԹĹâ
͢Ǹ棬ٴαط̳̤֮һֻţΪȫѧһЦ޷
гԹҳʵҲڼɭޱˡɪֻһ΢С͢ӿ⣬͢Ҳ̫ˣ
壬Ȼ͢ôӣǻ̸ӣھͻӢ
ȻޱɪĻ󣬵±ŭس尬ɭ˵

ɭҡҡͷȻɨɪһۣɪޣû˵ʲô
Ϊʲôޱʡ
Ǿˣÿ峹޴棬ΪǿҪ͢ã͢ΪǸƤӣ˿壡
ɭһ˵ԣǲߡ෴ҪȥٸԣҪ˹Ҫͽ͢ǿһ˵
˵öԣǲôˡ
ɭôһ˵ޱҲָ˼侲ҧгݵ˵ǲҪ͢Ҫһ˵һҪ취ǸƤһĽѵ
š
ɭͷͬޱ飬к˸




1470 
յʱĿȫǣס԰ǱƵꡣ
ΪطݿӢҳͷѵɪɪӽֳ͢Ϊ˱Ľ㡣
˽֯Сȡǿޱѧʿ֮⣬ŷ޸ҵӡҲʼˡ
ΪΪҺǣ̶̡ӴС̵Ѭգ۽硢Զһ˿ɱȡ
Ǻ͢ɪڡ͢ӣϧɪӰ͢ˡ
ңǽӵ̬ȱжв˽طݵˣȥ˹һС
Щû԰ǱƵĿɵˣڴܹڰֳ
һУ°δʼߵһλˣܹעĳ̶ԭǰ
ٸԵһٰ죬ôǽ͢ھٰĵطͨʹá
ٰܹ죬̶ܴΪᱳĿġͨ͢һĻᣬʼʼΪǳս׼
ߵӵʱɫʼп½͢׼ר԰ƵϵٸԾٰĴ
ҹĻ£ƻͨſŴëĵ̺һϲľ
ʥŮһ͢ǵĹԱվſڣŮӴ
ÿп˵ִʱǶ˵ֺݣĴС˵̶ȳȡ
ƹ£ûдͷɴɴһͷţͣϻ˲ױͬƬĴһ¡
һɫӣǰһɫʥ´Űɫѥӣسгǰ͹̵
ܺõڹˡʹ׺ħġ仰ĺ壬ÿһλĿˡ
֯ȹµ
ߵʮ֣˴ſڣǰһ¸ߺһ
ͬʱŮͻǰͫ׷Ŵ޷εľޡ
һУֻΪʵ̫ˡ
صشʰһžµױݣһɫһ˫Ƕˮĸ߸Ьһʯ
ŲڰպΣʷʤһ
žϴŵЦݣһֺ׺͵ĸоһڶĮ޷ȥֻԶԶ͡
ȹ£ӭٸԣлæ֮гǰμҵ硣
ܿģӾлعӭǰȵĵʾӭ͸л
տ֣ʥŮ
΢ЦŻӦһ䰲һӵһʱ佫һ˫ַϡ
ȹ£̫ˣлл
΢Цűʾ˸лһŮǰӹ
£Ÿ첲һ߽ͬ
ŷ޸ҵӡˣֻޱ¼ǿ˺ط硢ݿûе
ৡ
Űȵĸ첲֣˲ԼͬؽĿͶȡ
ƹ£޷εľޡͺصúŮǵĽ뼵ʡ
Ͼȫ밲վһòĺʶʤһŮˣָ
ȹ£мλûʱʧһ¡
ز˿¶Ťͷȣһ˿ܸУ΢ЦԵ˵
õģʥŮȥæɣùҡ
ȿػӦţȻɿĸ첲΢ЦŽӹһŮĺƣվȺΪȺоԵĽ㡣
ܿ죬ЩԸҵĹ׷׶žƱȡ
Ϊȫϡءǿ鱨֯СȵݲÿһˣԺգֵǽύ
Դˣ΢Цƺͣʵÿһ仰˼ǵģЩǾò裬޷׽
һ̸ߵµŮˣ
¼궡ү
󣬾͵ŷҸ׼ȵʱ򣬴ſٴǵ
ܿģһŽɫĸߴͣӢ경˴
궡
¼ǿˣ
¼ƿ˼壬ͬΪȫе壬øɵйݣڷչһ
ƿ˼ѭŽǮһеѾ޴۹Ӷػߡ
¼ƹܲƸĻϣһЩԱѧ츳ŮӣȻЩ˽ӽѧ˸궡
ܸ궡ڷǵһγμᣬڳ˵İ
ȲͬԴӽʼһֻĿȸһ߸ߵذԴÿһ˶ǸӵĿ⣬ֱĿʱǷݸ߰оһ
ҲֻǾ޶ѣûЩӡһͬɶ˻һȡ
Ϊ¼ǿˣԼĽ
ޱү
ߵʮֵʱǵٴ
˵ɪȥݿǸ֮󣬵һʱȥޱͼÿ棬ý͢ջؽľʧˡ
ǰҲ˵ˣҺܶ˶˵ޱԣ͢ػ
ޱǺƢǻң϶ˣ

ǵֳ֮ЩӡǷ׷
Ȼ˽Ⱥ͸궡һ
ޱڰͬ£Ҳ˵Ļú
ƹ£ޱЩӡĿˣʱŵ˶ͣնʱЩѹ֡
Ȼ
ˣޱҲһֵڱ˰̵ĸоֻһŻȼգ޲̽ط硢ݿʬΡ
ƤӣһҪÿ
󣬵ޱȺ͸궡Ŀʱеͺֱ̲סаݡ
ʦݿµ
ʱſִǵ
طݿˣ




1471 
ǵٴټ˲䰲˶ԼͬؽĿͶ˴ſڣȴطĵ
ƹ£Щŷ޸ҵӡǣһǴ˼Ѫһ˷ܣϾڴͷ·˿Ҫһ
һУطΪ֮⣬Ϊ˽طϢѯ˸Եĸ֮󣬳Ƕôǿţ
֮⣬ǵĳڵ绰һҪ뻪ùϵ»춼á
ǣԲ¼ĸ궡ԭŸ߰ϣҲ¶˼ڴ
ӵгԽ۷ǿߵʵΪȫһһǿߣұվһ񾳵ʦ½ȥʶ
֮⣬¼ƿ˼屻Ϊȫе壬ΪʷԨԴԵʣϵһֱǳ⡣
ɱƿ˼ĺػߣվƿ˼Ķ桪˵ĵ˱ѡ
Ҫˡ
һɫȣ۷Ź⣬ϵڴȸ궡ֻ಻١
Ϊעط磬˽طĹͨһһط磬ϯߵѡ䣬ط˽ڳ˶޷ģԽطߵһЩˣϤİݡ
Ȼ
ˣҲڴطĵһʽ档
ޱüĿ֮ĵִ
Ϊ֮ǰЩӡǺ͸궡˱ڿЦ޷ִ֮һ
ͬʱ⣬طݿ³֮󣬰һʱĿͶط磬ضط۾
ݿطֺγǣ
Ŀ⣬طû밲ӣһһݿ
ʦݿ£ӭٸԣлǰμҵᡣ
ݵע֮󣬰ӭϣطݿʾӭ͸л
£նǣҪط֣Ȼֱضط۾
ʥŮտ֡
طı΢Цף밲֡
ѵжϴô
طĻطеľޣ̲סаԼ
һ棬ط粻ͬһ棬ļУط翴ʱдδйޡ
ʥŮտ֡
ڰԼжϣЩʧͬʱݿҲףȴǰط磬ͨıͶ԰̬ȵĸı䣬˰еĲ²⡣
лл
ع񣬿رʾ˸л
£ĿطŲһƣطݿ

Ƭ̺󣬵طݿ֮ЩӡǲԼͬط磬ǸоǷɶ˻ס
ʦܸ˼ҽпŵ£
ʦҽɵϣϣ
ʦ

ܿģЩӡǣ㽫طΧסͬһ㣬ȿֺطк
Ǹо·ܹǰطкһҫ
ԴˣطûпڻӦֻ΢ЦŶÿ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
һĻޱ֮γ˽Ȼķ֮ͬ
Դˣޱ׺ڳ˹ףеĺɱ⼸ﵽ˼£طĿŭ
ʦҽдգŲҡ
ΪŲĴգ˾ţ֮ǰţ΢ЦطкЦݺܲãҲֺõĸо
Ȼ
ȴսĻ˵꣬طޱشϣǸûȤʶ㡣
ৣ
طĻϵЦ˲佩Ӳɫ˲䡣
Ϊ԰ǱƵЦݿĿطΪݿͷʼɤۣط鷳
ĸףŲĹһӹɵĿǸҪ뻪ǰӣԭ¡
ϧһдۣ
˿̣ͼȥطȫͲð
ʶط绹ǵ԰ǱƵΪ˶ӡ󼫲
һ̣ɫ԰ֽüĿ֮Űûڡ
һȥݿǻһȥͽݿ
ʦǲ¼ĸ궡Ŵܸʶ
͵ŲƷˣûڲѵͬʱ궡ߵطǰк
һ̣׷˲¼ǿ˵ļӣطʾá
궡´ʦҲֹһǰἰ㣬ڼˣһᡣط΢ЦŻӦ֪¼ƿ˼ĹϵȻڸ궡ǰڼӡ
£ط궡֡
ʦڿǽ֯ռϢͷĿꡣ
ط궡ɿ֮ȿˣûЩӡһŬؼǰţվȺ󷽣һ仰طעͬʱҲѵǰˡ

ȵĻһڣȺɢΪÿһͨ
лл
΢Цűʾ˸лȻط硣
ط״Ҳӭϣ˶ȵء
һݻأ
ȹ£ҶԴҡ
ܿ죬طվ˫һ
۷ؿط磬ƺڰʾʲôƺʲôڶûеһʱɿ֡
һ̣ͬɾ£ڳ˶ɵĽͼʡ
Ψޱ⣡
һ̣ޱֻһ㱩ȻҰοȰɭ̻˹̸֮󣬱Ҫطÿ
ৣ
ʱط罫ĿͶޱк˸
ͨṩϢѾ֪˿ڹȥһʱӢĴѹ
Υ׶һս֮ӢȨͱľ档
ޱͿ壬֪Ӿĺ




1472 ңսң
͵طڰֳµͬʱɭ˽̻˹רСá
̻˹ͬһڽУֳֹϵʥڿ飬ʵνʥеõѧУӶǰ񾳵һ
ɭʦӭٸԡ
ɭһţ̻˹йϵʥվһ΢ЦıʾӭǶδĺѡ
˹ҽ㣬Ҫһ˵
˹ɭδɫǰ˵˿ûбֳ˹ء
˵ɭʦҪʲô˵˹ȵؿŰɭѡװɵ㶡
˹ǾɵôϷŪǿ壿
ɭ״еŭǱȼһ㣬˲ðҲٿ
ɭʦ˵ʲôϷŪ壿ôܣǽ͢ѡղ˵Ĳ֪Ըһʾô
˹ѡװɵףݼȰ˹Ӱۡ
˹
ɭŭˣͺһãҸʾΪʲôҪɪϳ͢

˹װһȻӣɭʦԭ˵顣Ӧ֪ɪ˻ҪɪǸ뿪͢ҲǱΡ
ǺǡΣ˹ڶô
ɭûһ£޲ǰ˹һ٣ûǸʵ
ʵ۷ǿߺ;ǿ֮䣡
оŻϣСӵгԽ۷ǿߵʵȫѧʷ϶δֹһѧţպɳǰ벽񾳣пͻƴ˵е񾳣
˹һؽ͵һ£ǽ͢ΪɪǺĵĻȵ׳ɳΪ͢جΣ
οʦ˾ݴƴ˵еǿߣ
˹ϻǿߣˣǲܵ飡ڰ벽񾳣͢ôɭ
ֻǰ벽񾳣ȫûκһԸδλ벽ǿߵ˹Դǵ
Ը壿
ɭŭˣ˵ɪǽ͢Ŧδ͢Ǣ̸˫˵顣Ϊڷ˫ˣ
Ǹɭ治֪ɪ˵ҴкĻһı
ٴɭĻ˹ѡǸ
Ϊ˽͢Ĵ棬ΪδǳսȲҲ壡
ǡ˹ҼαˣαЩ͡
ɭһ˵ҪΪҲ֪͢ôż棬Ϊţ췹סҺͿ졣
ʥĸ֤ɭû뷨ǽ͢Ҫ֮һ˹ĵ˵˵ʱüͷգһ¡
ô
ɭһЦȻֱ˹۾ô˹ң͢Ϳ֮ѡ˭
Ȼǿ壡
˹һʱ𰸣ޱȼᶨ
ȷ
ɭЩ⣬ʵ
ʥĸ֤Ҵѡ˹֤
˹ҾѡһΡ
ɭ˹˺üӣȻҺͿ岻ջ棬һǸĻƤһѵ
ɭͿɡ
˹΢΢һЦδȴðɭԴżˡ

ͬʱ
ٰĴ
ޱطĿ⣬һ⣬뵽ɭٸԣҽв˹ҪһѵηӭطĿ⡣
ƹ£طĿŲмǻżЦݣǸо·˵Ҿϲ㿴Ҳˬֲܰôӡ
ޱ
һĻطͻȻˣȴ쳹
ɲǼ䣬һƬţ
ৡ
˶ԼͬؽĿͶޱ

ޱһԼΪطһ仰Ϊ˹עĽ㣬ѹƵŭʱˣûҾǶ
ңսңطٴοˣת䡣

ٴطĻܵطеŭ⣬˷׷ʶʲôȺ˲ɢطޱ֮óһͨ
㡭˵ʲô
ޱɫ˲䣬Լܵ衪طĻڼ̤ϣҲڼ̤ҫ
裿
ǵģ
սңֻһֻֻ֣һУңҪ뿪
ط˲쳹ӹɣңѡ񣿡




1473 ı

طǿƵĻڳЩӡɵˡ
Ȼͨϣ֪һǳǿƵˣ¸绪ɱ˽ɭ¶ɭ۷ǿߺƿ˼ļ̳ѡ֮һû뵽Ȼ˿̵龰
Ͼȫ֮һҲŷϡǿļ֮һӵ޷ޱǿǿˣ
ǣ͸궡¶Щȡ
ΪֳǿƣҲǵԤϣ
ط缫Ϊ˽ȣҲͫ΢΢Ŵ󣬾ӿֳ޷εľ㵡
ҲǰһĻˣ
˲ͬΪطֳǿƶȣΪط·ת䡣
ط˽ͷط֡˲ңҲˡˣδȥǡκˡ
죬طȴޱ鷳ȫȵԤϡ
·֮Ըı䣬ӦΪ֪ɪȥޱɭ˵Եʡ
ŰȻط磬жϣȻˡطҪΪǿ鷳ɱҡ֮У
ò˵һǳˣҲֻ¶һ֡
طı·ȵж֮⣬Ϊڹȥһʱ䣬ľ棬Ӣҽиִѹ
֮⣬֪ȻɪޱɭˣǽƱػݿӢҽб
Դط֮һֱ۲ޱͨޱԼݿĿ⣬϶еĲ²⡣
һУı⣬ޱƣޱһѵӶٴξ壬ÿͶҶݿӢʲô
㡭㡭
ޱŭӵؿط磬һʱЩ
Ҳû뵽ط羹Ȼ鷳
ŭԴڣû˸ơ
δй
ΪҪǣļƻȻһѵڣǵȵɭ˹̸нɰɭ֡
˿̣طȫޱļƻ
ط״ٷϻֱޱ
ƹ£ıƽˮĿʼնޱ

ޱͼԼ侲޼£ϵķŭ޷ΣΡŷޣٸԡ

طһһ߿ڣֱӴޱĻ
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Ϊ֪˹طǺεȵӣҲʧȥ˹ϵ
һ£ͬ˹һϣطޱ֮䷢ͻͬʱҲ֪λش⡣
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Ҹұֻ֤Ҫ㶯ֵĻ֣͢˱㸶ۣ
ۿ˵طŲͣޱٴοˣ֮ǰ󣬵ҲһЩȷҪ֣
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·˲һ㣬ֱӳޱǰ˳һƳޱٶȿ磡
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Σգ
ޱиеǰδеΣطٶ̫죬ȫûжĻᣬֻƾսܣۣᵵӵһ࣬ͬʱ߶ھз
飡
һ̣طһƳޱۣھŷ
꣡
ޱ۵ھֽͬһ㣬ãӦϣѪɽӾһΣغһ
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ۡ
ޱͬһиʻĻײһ㣬ɶѪ磬ɫ԰ֽ
Ⱥطƣۺ߹Ƕѣ޷ش
ط֣Ȼ
һƬţ




1474 
ƹ£ޱͬߵķһƮڿУɺѪͬѪţڴ̱ǵѪζ
һĻڳÿһ˵ģ
𺳸ͬ
ЩӡǶԣǶѧ⺺޷طֵḶֻ́ܿޱĲ״
ȻΪѵɪ飬˹һϣ֪ǿƣĿشޱԶϴǵĸΪҡ
԰궡ºȶԣ𺳵ʵ
ͨǰһĻǿȷܹɵسƱشޱôʵԶԶ۷ǿߣɱɭ¶͵ɭ˾żȻ
˶𺳣οޱˣ
ƹ£ޱɫһƬ԰ףǷɿĵŵȻ޴棬ûаţǳŲţ
ΪԼʵžģΪ۷ǿ֮ڲ֮أ
ţҲ޷ܣԼʱͬţԻǣ޻֮
ţ
顪
Ӧޱһ졣
شޱݺݵˤ˴ͬĴϺһһɪɪǰһƬѪģ۶ϳأȾѪȥҡ
ৡ
ޱĲ״ֲԼͬؽĿͶط磬뿴طҪʲô
ǸʥŮƻա
˵ע£طŤͷʾǸ⡣

ŬŬ죬ȴ֪λش
˿ֵ̱νشûϵȻǵޱ˿Σпý͢˵ļƻ֮һпܵޱ壡
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ۿһԣشޱξѣ־ŭغ
δƽɵг׻عͬʱֶ԰Թ۵̬Ⱥջ

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Ϊѡװɵ㶣Ǵ˿ȥ㱨͢ǲǳ׵
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ȰڣطٴοڣַʽŰͽ͢밲ͽ͢޹أ
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ˡ
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ʮޱ˵˴ǽǣ޴ˣǴһ㣬ҵزͬʱſͣҡѡս㣡

ޱĴ˲һޱǿҵıֱ֣֡ӽɱѡսӶݱķâﵽʱĿġ
֮ǰѾѡѡˣ
һΣط翪ڻӦޱ
£ͣ˽Ųվ˾ޱһ׵ĵط
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طٴγ֣ޱûеֵ
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طľٶޱеǰδеĳ裬ǿ־壡
Ƿݿ־壬ȫԽ˳裬ӲڿУһҲҶǸо»˶ŭط磬Ӷطɱ
ಣ
ƿȻ
Ŀ֮£طץޱĲӣǶһ㣬ֱӽ߶˴棡
ѡңһ뿪
ǰĳڳ˲Լͬط֮ǰ˵Ļ
ԳУ




1475 ݣС˵־
ৡ
ܿģ˵ĿٴͶط硣
ƹ£Щŷ޸ҵӡǰǸ궡£طĿ⣬Ų̶ͬȵľη
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طΪǽύֺõĶҲΪϾԲǵĶ֮һһţǻḰޱĺ󳾡
ͬʱȵо˸طĿг͡
Զݿж˫۷졣
֪طı·ѵޱɪȥޱͰɭ֮⣬ȫΪڹȥһʱѹӢҡ
طΪͷͬʱҲڻӢİ
⣬ޱˤڵ̺ϣѪ̺ȾһƬͨ졣
ۺؿڵƣеޱȵʹ
ȻƶԣĵشΪء
ŷϡǿļ֮һӢľƣҲȫ֮һ
ΪĴˣһγ㱻衢̤ζû뵽ģ
ղһУͬһѷذ࣬Ƿɿǿʵźͽ֧飡
ޱ
ޱеޱͬʱ˹̸еİɭǰ·ϣȾѪޱһһ

Լ尬ɭϤޱͬʱԴȥȻɭڼ
ɲǼ䣬ޱˮ֮ץһžݣǵȵԼľ
ǵġ
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ط֮ΪݱطķâΪǿ˵Ľȥι˵棬ǿѡսӶﵽʱ䣬ðɭϵĿġ
ô£
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𰬵ɭѯʣޱӼлعްȡ֮ŭͺ⣬Ǹо޲̿ɭ֣Ϊһسӣؿ档
ô
ɭԣɫһ䣬µɱͬɽһӿ֡
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طĵ˸е⣬Щŷ޸ҵӡǣ̲סаԼ
Ƕ֪ɭΪĴǰٸԣ͢Ǣ̸˵飬ҲͨԵϢ֪һλǿǿߡ
ѵĻܰɭ
ͬʱ궡¶˺ɵı顣
Ȼ֪ǰǸΪȫһһ˵꣬Ⱥɱ˽ɭ¶͵ɭղҲ֤ʵɲԻܿĺĳԱɭ
Ͼݲ¼鱨֪ɭǿһǿ֮һޱĸײͬʱ̤۷ǿ
ʮǰ顣
ʮĽ죬ޱĸ̤˾ǿ򣬳Ϊ˿ƶߣû˸Сưɭ
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궡֪һУΪ֯СҲû¶ɣɳ͡
Ȼ֪طΪԼִİɭôݣţǸŴδ漣Ϊ֮Ե꣬漣
ʼչֳһУǴĳħһ㣬ĵ͡
һݿҲط粻尬ɭطԶ˵һ㣬ɭ֮޷ĵĵǣӶ΢ЩӲ
˼һͬʱɭޱ˴Ŀ絶һɨط磬ɭɱ⣬һԵħ
ԶĻƤ֣ѹ㣬Ҳٸԣȴ֪س֣ƿ壬ҪΪΪʹۣ
ޱһ̲סˡ
ΪվŰɭǻ˸Ƶģް֮ǰľţȡ֮һɭЦݣС˵־ĸչֵ쾡£㲻Ǻܿôٿһԣ
ƤСӣŷƬϣû˸ƿ壬ǵһ
ޱĻ䣬ɭҲˣǾһ㸩ط磬ӹɣͬޱ˵ҪΪ˶ۡԶ˫ۣڵϴҿԿǷ뿪




1476 ǰ
ޱ밬ɭ֮Ⱥ󿪿ڣ쳹ϵŭͺΣɭɱ⡣
ɲǼ䣬ټĴ˶ԼͬؽĿͶط磬ȴطķӦ
У͢ʥŮһԥƺڿǷҪֹǰһС
ܿ죬ִͷ
ΪֹĻ׵ﰬɭޱˣӶӰ쵽͢ͿĹϵ
Ͼ֮ǰطֽѵޱʱûпֹޱʱ򣬶ѡװɵ㶡
֮⣬̻˹Ӧ֪﷢飬ʼû¶棬Ĭһз
վڰԶݿϵĵǸŨˡ
һ̣Ϊط˵ʲôʲôԿ壬Ҫ˵ĸײ涼ûá
Ҳѡأ
԰ɭһĻط粻ŭЦǸо·һЦ
Ҫҵ飬ܺĻزУòӽҪΪһˣΪĹأ
طĻشͲмЦݣðɭŭӿֳɱ⡣
壬Ƥ̫ˣһҪֱӻɱ
ɭĻ䣬ޱһοˣһϷʵĿ⿴ط磬Ǹо·ѾطҰĳ
ԭֻͿһѵֵ֪ط羯³Ҫ۸ֵطݿļ塣񣬼ȻǵԸƾǸղŵĻˣҲҪµ
طһοˣϵЦʧ˲ת䡣

طĻޱСӵһ㣬޼ɵؿЦֱЦǣ˿ڣͣĺܺ棬˭˵ղŵĻһֱֻ㣡
ƤӣĻҵ鿪ʼˡ
ɭҲŭתЦطĿڿһ׳ա
ԣ˿ҪǵǣҪطУǷϵһ书Ǹɴֱɱ
ڲط硭
ڵģ
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طһ
֪ɭǽɭ¶͵ɭɱȣǺһսԽ۷ǿߣóǿսӭս

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ৣ
䣬Ӱ
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һ⣬ɭ˿洫书ʿ֮
ǿϵĳλǿʿ¸ηһ̳޵УһŰԵɱǿ书
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һ̳ɭɢſµϢɭɱ⣬·һѳʵı
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δС
԰ɭ񱩵һطûӲգѡֻһΣٶȿ磬˿ط绹ԭء
ৣ
ɭֽطµĲӰ
ߣ
һ̿գɭŭһߣȻȻֹסΣһٴγطɱ
һΣûȳУǾ֮󣬼¡
߲ɱԲӦսɹأ䡣
Ȼ
ðɭʧǣطѹû˼㣬ļƻΪӰ
˼Σ
ٴ˿գɭٴһŭȣ߶ھ˫㡣
ԼʵžģΪԼԻط磬ҿѹ˿̣Уطһëûŭˡ
ΪˣκΣֱӶǿٶ׷ɱط硣
ž
ꡪ
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ৡ
һʱ䣬˫׷ҸϣӰѵĵذĽ
ط翴Ʊȫѹƣʮգʵֻоա
ַͨʽ˽ⰬɭʵϤ洫书ʿ֮ص㡣
ȵĿģתΪðɭ


1477 һȭ

Щŷ޸ҵӡǺʵСİԼݿɴ۾ΪطͰɭٶʵ̫죬ֻܿХľ͹ĵذ޷˵Ӱӡ
ȡ궡ºޱǿܹ塣
Уо˸ͨϵƽŷ
Ȼ֪طΪҪԼվȫɭѹƣǸǰһжǼ
Ϊط˽͹˵ǻۣȻףطȻҹӦսɭôԲܳΪɭӣŲܵź޵е˿̵ľ棬пطģ
ǿޱߣվǰɭĶ֡
Ȳͬ궡طȫɭѹƣֵֻܶĻᶼûУͷ
Ƥӣ㲻Ǻܿ㲻ҪɱҺôͷڹһӦսҽһ𣿡
ޱǵڿһϷ
尬ɭ֣ط
ȻԵĿЩԤϣԵĽı䡣
ûᣬҲûлӦ
طٴζɭһǴɱȻȻ٣һ˴
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˼ƻ㲻ܵ߸ӢҶӢȨҲҪݺݵسͷӢңȲݿ޸һ˺ݿӢΪЦ

Ӧޱһ춯ص
⣬ط嵽̨·һƬյϣͻȻֹסΣ˵һȣը죡

ץİɭ߾ȫ׷ط磬ͻȻطôһ𣬳˲Ļ㱣Ҳ΢΢һ١
ʱ
طͬƵȻһת˫ͬһ㶤ڵϣµ˲ѡ
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Ҫ֪ڸղţطͬɥ֮Ȯһɭ׷ֻܶûл֮ת֮䣬طһб˰ɭ˲Ťתƣðɭˣ
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ޱΪ̫أٶ߳ͫ˲ɵùԲ
ǰ˦һԴ۾Ȼٴ˫ۣŬصɴ۾ͼԼøһЩ
ˡ
ɭȷʵˣط磬
߶Աȣԣ
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ţ
ò˵ʵҺʧ
ʱط翪ˣȴһ
һ仰򷴹Žǣ


1478 ѻᣬһʤ
ҹɫīƻ貣طȻͬһ˸ǹһڣ򰬵ɭĿ

طĻطĿеǷɭŭģ㱻Ѫ
ԭɭԼʵžԵģΪѹķʽطл߻ɱ
طһȭˣѿѪʡ
˿̣طǲмĻĿ⣬һǶ˰ɭϡ
ȴۣ
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ܹɱ˵ĻѾˡ
طһЦ򰬵ɭĿͷ·ڿһС
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ױŭط綯ɱѪ·Ҫȼһ㣬ھӿٶ˲ﵽ£ͬһ硣
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գ
һĻطоȸŨ
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һֻáֵ̡ܹסҲҪˡ
̵ԡ
˿̣ȴһ
κ书ǿɱУǼķھ;ģھתʽӣɽʹãпܵ¾޷ܣھˡ
ʿ֮ǿɱС߱Ҳ⡣
ͨ£ֻھ԰յǰ£ŻᶯǿɱУһɱ
ɭղųױط缤ŭɱˡ߱񡯡
ɭ޷á߱񡯣ɱжѶá
طԣǾѵķᣬҲʾҪﵽĿģ
֡
ط粻ͣתΪһͬҵļ򰬵ɭ
ɲǼ䣬ٶȴﵽ£ȫڸղŵİɭ
ͬʱڵѪ׷ڣ·Ҫȼһ㣬ɢաȵϢھͬڵĽˮžѸӿұۣȭȭ֮γһھУת
ǹʽ
죡
㲡Ҫ
طȵԼľѷֱ֣ӶǿɱУ

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ŭɭȻֹסתұ˳תָ£ɱط硣
ױŭǵİɭûѡܣֱطӲա
һõǡʿ֮мΪġ̻ط֮ǰʹõġ֮ͬ
ղţطʹáһȭ˰ɭ
˿̣ɭʹá̻
䡪
һ̡
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ײ󣬶ϹѪŽͬʱ
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ۡ
ɭһѪ˱õɶ
ѣһ
طץסᣬһнս




1479 ˲̸
ҹĻ£ɭȾѪѪɶʧȥս
Ϊطղһȭ˰ɭ֣˰ɭۣһ˰ɭľɭ˼صˡ
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ߣǿ߶ԣ˲£µˡ
һˣ޷˳תھʱʧȥսܼʱˣĻսҲۿۣӰ֮·

ǰ˿ͻһĻͳͳסˣϳŲ̶ͬȵ𾪡
ŷ޸ӡѧ⺺ѹûпط밬ɭֵḶ֪́طһȭɭشζʲôǰһĻǵġ
ǶԣֻڵӰвܿľͷ
ǲͬΪʵ㣬ͬûпֹ̣һսζʲô
ǿǰɭ
ΪŷȫѧţʮǰΪ۷ǿߣΪ˿峤
ǿĺĳԱӵųԽ۷ǿߵս˶̤ǿ
һµǿߣܸط硣
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طʼգֻС
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˵ط֮ǰһȭ˰ɭȡɵĳɷֻ֣ø궡ȵĻôطղűܿɭǿɱУһȭشɭø궡˾ξˣ
һ棬ɭɱУø궡ǿֲ޷͵ֵǰٷ֮ٻᱻɭɱ
Ϊǿ֮µߣܹƽⰬɭǿµɱС
оյرܿˡ
һ棬ץסɭɱеĻɭȻһжס
ʾŭ֣ö̬ˣƳֵɱУ󷢶һط硣
ͬʱΪ֯СȣǰĳطⳡսǸ̾ţطĿӵ͡
ıçıųı
飬ŴսóĽۣͬɱ
Уطںߣ

ݿǳ˿ҵȻ£žϣŵĵһɨգȡ֮Ǹм뼤
طΪӢһУм
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ͬһľһ㣬վһϳŲţ
ǵģ
ţԼ尬ɭᱻܣֲҰܵķʽ
෴һԵϷֶܹۣı䡪ط粻ҲҪУ
ط𣬰ɭˡ
⡭߸ѧ֪
⡭ôܣôܸܰ
ͬʱеİɭûԼƣɬؿǰȻط磬ϵԼ
ͨ
Ӧɭһ졣
ݺݵˤ˵ϣµֱӽשҵѿͬʱǣƣٴ³Ѫ·𴥵һ㣬鴤ֹ
еɢһ㣬ʹѡ
ǷʹʶԼǶôأʶûͽ͵һŵؿط磬˻Ƶʵ㡭õʲô书
ž
ž
ž
ûлشط򰬵ɭͬħŰɭ
ơƤӣʵңȻʾҼŭңҳɱУȻû֣̫ˣ
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ô
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Ҫɱɭô
طĻ֪ط磬Ϥ˽ط·ݿ֮⣬ٴδסˡ
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ҪɱңΪʲôɱ㣿ط練ʡ
㡭֪ζʲôζҪս
ɭѹûطɱԼûԼ˿̸е˾޴Σ쳣֮⣬ҴٸԣɱңҲƽ͢
ңҸմӽ̻˹ܿͻҸұ֤ɱң̻˹һŹ㡭
飡
һ̡
ɭĻȻֹһϡ
طһŶ˰ɭϥϣֱӶ˰ɭϥǡ
໣
ɭƵ𣬷һʹࡢҵĺС
Һֵطһϲв
طޱؿŰɭû˿ʴȣ㺰ô͢û˳֣ý͢Ϊͷ𣿡
ᣡ
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Ǹط˵ǶԵģ͢ҪֹĻ綼ˣڳ˰֮⣬ӰӶ
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ټٸԣһƬţ
ޱˣʼˡ˵õĽ͢أ
ɭӡ֤Լжϣϵķŭ𽥱Ͱûȡ
ΪҲΪ֮ǰŭͷԶڣ
ʲʲôŹҺޱ
û֮࣬ǿҵðɭʶʳһ仰ǰȻɱɱޱֱ§ݴӣ˳ġ
˲̸
طޱػӦȻ˵棬ֱһŶ˰ɭԴ
ɱߣ
ԴˣطӲʴȣ




1480 
ҹĻ£ɭطһŶԴ
һĻٴγڳÿһ˵ֳһƬš
˲ԼͬؽĿӰɭʬŲͶط硣
⣡
ŰȻط磬ԺиֳղһУЩŷ޸ӡǣеһ󲻺طĿгžηвԼͬӿֳһͷһԲǵĴڣ
֮ǰȻǵĳѹǲǻҪȥֺãҲֻǰָʾ£ĺھη
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Ϊֻܶˣ̡ܸ
ǣΪǿ˵ĸ궡üĿ֮Ҳ¶˾η
ĿýһУڻһµʶ
¸绪ɱɭ¶ɭƿ˼ļ̳˺ѡˣݺݼ̤ƿ˼ҫżȻ
һӹҼ̤ˣ
վڸ궡Եİһ㱡
Ϊһ̣ϿطӰӡ
ͬǿƣͬѪͬη塭
ĸоطһģһĳ˲䣬˵Ӱغһ
ȵûоηҲûоȣеֻ͡
Ϊ֪ط磬ΪɭԤ֮СЩط磬һطֵˣûһġ
һûУ
Щˣͳͳطͽ˵
ɭǵһҲԲΪһ
ɱޱô
֮࣬ӿֳһɻȻʶؽĿͶȺϵޱ
ৡ
ͬʱҲ׷ʶʲôĿطŲͶޱ
Ŵǰĵƹ⣬ؿޱͬһľһվһ˫۵ɵùԲһŵؿŰɭʬ塣
ΪţҲ޷ܣɭطУ
⣡
ޱһĿ⣬ξѣͷһ˲䱻־ıռݡ
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ǰطش֮־ΪɭĵĵĿ־壬С˵־һ㣬ط粻ϵؽӶشߴٰɭֽѵط硣
ԣɭľݣҲĿɽ
һ̣ӵصã
˿̣Űɭطǿƻɱٴε˵еĿ־֮ǰй֮޲
ΪǸطȻɱ尬ɭôԸɱ϶ǿĿ壬ǰǸûκ
ȡ
־֮࣬ޱֵش
ѲȥѵطˣҲȥϳݿӢˡ
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ô£
һΣޱĺȣõ˻Ӧ
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ʵϣղһУ
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仰˵ط粻аɭˣ
ûطɱɭԭ֮⣬Ϊɭȡɭѹطʱûг棬ɭطʱ棬ڵط磡
ô
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׼ȷ˵ʦʾã
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ΪޱڿԣȰɭҪǿδ
ޱٸԣ岻᲻ϧһд۱Შ͢
Ը⿴ĽҲľ֡
𡭡Ľ̻ʱ£
̻˹̻˹Ӱޱٴο˾ָط磬شɱ壬Ҫɱҡֹ
ղŷʲô
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̻˹ʻŽ̻˹ӣطȻһ
̣Ȼܹ뵽ղһУ̻˹ˣ˿ѯʣֻϷѡ
ط磬ȣͬԴϷɿ˵̻ʱ¡
ʦٸԻӭĵҺͽ͢ϣҪٸԼޱ֣𣿡
̻˹ĵ갲ȻĿͶط磬ڡ
ûзҲûǿߵ̬ͽ͢ѹƺͿط磬һѯʵĿǡ
СϸڣطԼͽ͢ط̬ȡأ
ৡ
Ž̻˹Ļ£˲ԼͬٴνĿͶط磬ȴطĻش
̻ʱ£ɱҵ壬ңܾ׷Źͽ͢㶯֣ٸԣҪ뿪ϵҵĸס
ط翪ڻشޱͻȻȷԼ֮˱ͷ
죡
̻˹һŭȣ޲һޱ
뱻ŭ𲨼
Ϊˣ֮ǰھᡪӣִҪɱޱѡ
δڣޱȴطſǿ߹ɱط磿
̻ʱ£ͽ͢Ҳˣ֮Ĳ
ڽ̻˹ջͬʱط翪ˡ
ƽˮ̻˹ڣ˶ǿơ
ޱҪΪ޴Ϳۣ




1481 ڽ

̻˹ԣвɰ̾˿
ÿ彫ޱϵɼǿˣֱ޴ޱ츳ûӣעɲ˴
ޱϣͲӦôϡ
ǿǵޱĿ壬̻˹һޱˡ
ΪޱĻطĻشý̻˹һǳεľء
׳գ
ǽ̻˹ڳ˶Ϊޱһ׳ա
ΪǸ˶̻ͨ˹̬Ⱥ˵̻˹ͽ͢أζԽ͢ҪԶԶޱͿ塣
һ£ޱȻý͢ĸɱⲻǰ׳ʲô
ৣ
ͬʱޱҲʶ˲Ծɫٴһ䣬Ȼ۰Ͱ͵ؿŽ̻˹
𡭡Ľ̻ʱ£ͽ͢ˣһҪҡ
ޱһοȣһΣʶȤûý̻˹ط綯ֻ֣뱣ס
ңΪʶ˲Ծ̻˹ͽ͢طӣ˵ʱԵʮֻֿţ˵ˣ
˶֪ʲôʦƵôѵûȡѵ
ޱĻ̻˹ŭ⣬ѽ͢ʲôˣɿĸӹôҿȷ㣬㸸׽ڳҲʦһָͷ
һ򲽽Ҳţ㸸׾͸Ҷʦôʦʦǿߣǿߵŭ𣬿ܵô
Ҹұ֤˽ٿ壬Ϊѣÿʧʷĳ֮У

̻˹ŭ⣬ޱ֣ſͼ˵ʲôһֶ޷˵ڣǳƵĲϴת£·ʱ̱ڵء
ʦޱһˣʵڸýѵҲǰĿˡΪ췽͢񱣻ÿһλ˵İȫҺͽ͢һӡ
̻˹ŭޱ֮ٴŤͷط磬ްŭȡ֮΢ЦǱٶȱСӵѿӻ졣
̻ʱ£Ȼô˵ˣҿԴӦɱ
طѡ̻ܽ˹󣬲ɱޱ
һ棬̻˹˵ޱǰĿˣط統Ž̻˹棬ޱɱǵڴ̻˹ͽ͢ý̻˹ͽ͢ΪЦ
½̻˹ͽ͢ط缫أҲϣ顣
һ棬֮ǰɪݿӢңط֮󣬽͢һʱϣɪǸҽɪ͢
طҲý̻˹ͽ̫͢ѿ
ΪҪǣطޱȻһЩϾǿǿˣǿδϣҪԶڰɭ
仰˵ɭ֣ɱɭֻܽʣɱޱض᲻ϧһд۱
ıݿӢҳܲ˿ŭ
ллʦ
طͬ⣬̻˹˿
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طٴοڣӹɣ˵һУұضὫɱ
õġ
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㡭ʲô
ޱûлӦ̻˹һֲؿط硣
֮ǰԶ˫ۣϴڡĻԶ˫ȣݿӢҵǸΪͿΪڣԿ巢ģݿӢҽд
طһһ˵Ȼȴһ

طⷬޱˡ
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֮ǰ˵ұɱ㡣֮⣬õĽһطֵܣʦŰݷÿ壡
·Ϊ˻ӦޱƵģطٴοڣ棬ǿƵ˼¡
ˣʦҪɱ㣬Ҿ
طĻܵطǷݼҲıǿ̬̻˹׼Ŵ˵еǿޱȣп񾳣ʱطĻޱѡ
ͨ
طͽ̻˹Ļޱһ˫ϥڵϣһ졣
һ̣ްΪǿ˵ĽͿҲûа֮ǰķŭеֻ裡
ȫڰɭ֮ǰС˵־Ҳ֮ǰ߳ʱݿµĺݻ
ֻš
Ϊ˻ţūżһ㣬ݿǰ
һ쳣ɴ࣡
֮۾ҧҧһĨȻȻ̧֣ȺԼ˫ĳơ
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ݿҴ壬ϵӢҵǸԭ޴о
һУޱݿĽ£ڣһ͹ҡβģԿ巢ģӽ󣬾ԲӢҵ鷳

ûлӦ
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طǿƻɱɭ֮ڽ̻˹ǰ£ޱֻŵعǰģǾôĲʵ
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ãǸĿǰӵеĵλԶԶֹΪǸδҪﵽĳɾͣ޷ģ
֮࣬ʶؽĿͶǸȾŵѪˡ
ΪǸ˵Ļ֮лûе˵лĻҲû¶мı飬ſţ˫ۡ
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ôؿš
ʱʤ
һҹ
ǸԵе꣬ٸԣŷϡǿ֮һĿ壬˽£




1482 
·һֹ̾ˡ
Ϊǿ˵ޱȾѪݿǰ·ڡ
̻˹ڣ˵ĿⶼطϣڵС
ֳһƬ죬߳ӡڳÿһ˵Ժ
ڶԺÿ뵽ʱԺȸֳǴʱĳ
ʦô
ҹĻ£̻˹ڴֳİطѯʵܿ
š
ط΢΢ףǻӦ̻˹ҲǶԽһС
~
طͬ鵽Ϊֹ̻˹˿
طҪȥĻüΪ֣ñȽ̻˹ͽ͢ѡһ
ͬʱһߣޱطӦֱ֮ӻ˹ȥ
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ϣޱߡ
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ǣ̻ʱ£
ϣһʱ֪̻˹ҪޱַʽԽ͢Ĳŭ
һĻطδֹ
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ȻĿѾɣҲý̻˹ͽ̫͢ѿ
ϾӺأǻġ
Ȼ̻˹һϺ꣬ô˵ӣȻҲҪ
ο͢Ҳվ̨
жԹԹ
طԭ
ǽȥɡ
ۿϣޱ𣬽̻˹ֳ尲˵
õģ̻ʱ¡æڻӦ
һΣô¡أΣҪ磬Ϊ͢ҡź˸ӭǳֵս׼
Ϊطĳͻͽ͢ļƻȻҪᡣ
ʦ֣ҾͲˡ
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ǶԴ˲е⡣
Ͼ̻˹֮ǰ̬Ⱦ˵һС
Ǹ̻ʱ£ҽн͢鷳ˡ
ط̻˹ǸȻŻصȰʥŮұȥ̡
á
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õģʥŮ
ط΢΢ףȻŰ·Ĵ
ط֮ǰޱɭɵǽ壬Ѿ͢ĻˣȻһϲĳ棬·֮ǰһжûзƵġ
ãʦҽи궡Բ¼壬ʶ
˽֮󣬸궡Щŷ޸ҵӡƤһط磬ǰط罻̸
Ŀطǿʵͽ̻˹ط̬֮󣬸궡Ϊ¼ǿ˵ĽҪʶط硣
Ϊ¼ƿ˼ǾжԹϵҲǸ궡μӰҪĿġ
ã궡ʦʶܸˡط΢ЦŻӦ궡֡
ʦʵΪһ֮Уѧʵƶ⣬Ŀս֮Ҳ֪Լ̫Դˡ
궡ط֣Եһ䣬ȻֵҸүүмӣҼһҪ룬ȥ¼ͣ
лллһȥݷá
ط΢ЦŻӦף궡¼ԼʾãԼԸƿ˼壬ȻܡκһжҲ༸ѡ
ڴΪ¼Ŀˡ
궡ɿ֣ӹһŮĺƣ΢ЦԵر˲¼˵ͼ
֮
ط΢Ц궡ȻС뱭һ
ʦȫĿĽ㣬ҿȾƣҾͲռʱ䣬ᱻǹġ
궡¾ƱЦſһЦȻʶȤ뿪ˡ
ò˵Ϊ¼ǿѧ츳ʵҲҵŴĻ̼ߣÿһ䶼ǡôá
һУطԸ궡ЩĿ࿴
ʦҽȣԽ֯
궡ǰŸߣ߹šȣһƣԸеĲطǰ΢Цطգգ۾ҹעܾˡ




1483 ʵݵ
ƻͨЩŷ޸ҵӡǣΪ֮ǰطкȿֺؽܹԼʶٴν֮ûΧطԣǽΧм䣬밲̸
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궡Ⱥȥط罻̸һҲе֡طֵڳÿһȥύֺã
Ȼ
ط籾ȴЩȡ
ΪǾ䣺ҹעܾˡ
ܹСעҺҡ
ȻطЩȣûнǷݾ¶ϣһ΢ЦػӦȣͬʱȵ۾
һ˫Ư۾Ҳһ˫ǵ۾һ˫˵۾
ط綢ȵĿ⣬ֻöԷĿ·ĳħһ㣬ҪԼȥ˿Լеܡ
ϬĿԴƻЦݣطףڻԼݣֵúܵû¶˿
ӵгԽ۷ǿߵս־ᶨʯҪ˵ȣǾǿƻİ벽ǿվǰҲ¶ĵʵ뷨
ʦղ˸궡µ룬պǰ¼͡
Ȼ֪طûеڴǲ㴰ֽ΢Цת˻⣬Ҵ֯ȥ·˹֪ͣûȤ
Һܹӵͽ֯롣
ط΢ЦӦӵظ𰸡ȵͽ֯ʾá
һ棬ڽ֯˺棬֪֯һʱõϢġ
һ棬֯ȫϡǿ鱨֯ƾõʷصɫʡ
û֪֯жٳԱӵжǿߣûһԸȥǽ֯෴뾡һа취֯ϹϵкһΪѡ
طȻҲ⡣
ܺͽ֯ΪΪѵĻԲڰŷǳİ
ʦҺүүڴĵ
ԣǰһüĿ֮ӿֳһĨڴ
ڴطܹȥ·˹ҲţԼүүϯһط硣
Ͼطϯʱǣ
£Ȳطػ΢ЦžƱΪǳʶɱ
ܸʶС㡣
طѺõػӦţȻ
һ죬طȵľƱײһ𣬶˫׷׽еľһ
УȵĿⶼû뿪طӡ
ĳ˲䣬۾š⡱
ͬ궡һط˶ݵĽ̸󣬱һԣطȺŷ޸ҵӡ
Щӡǣǳʥһ㣬žƱط羴ơ
ηءֺá
һǳ׷ΪӡĽֺһӵлƤͷꡣ
һҹ֮ǰȫˣܹĴ
طǵһ
ʦлǰμҵᡣ
еӡط֮󣬰Ҳطԣٴζطĵʾ˸л
ʥŮ֮ǰһУǸ⣬ϣûӰ쵽顣طٴǸ
ʦˣ鶼ޱǸ׳ҵģ޹ء෴Ϊĵҵ΢Цҡҡͷ˵ڼ䣬ʼնط۾
лл
طл֪Լ۾Ŀģ˿ûлرܣ̹Ȼӡ
ʦ۾طʦ񣬼һģһǵʡ·񶼺ʲôϵأ
ţţ̲סʳеɻ
ৡ
ѯʣȺ͸궡˵һʱ佫ĿͶط硣
ֵܡط³֡
ѪԵϵֵôصɴ۾
ǣֿԹֵܡ
طҡҡͷһеĻ˻شȻʵʥŮʱ䲻ˣҪھȥҽ̻ʱ°ɣ
õģ˴ȥ
ԣһǢֳ룬˻ش
طȥҽ̻˹־Ļɨ˵ˣΥⳡĳԣ޷ﵽյĿģֻѹסĵĳ嶯
á
طͷȻݿкֶݿ͸궡˵ͷʾ⡣
һУŸһ͢Ļ뿪ǰȥ̻˹
طڽ̻˹Сòİ
Ĳμȫѧ¶ھ֮󣬽̻˹ٸԣС͢Ҫ޸ܾˡ
뿪֮͢󣬱˽ɱ̻˹ͽַ͢ʽѡǴģת⡣
Ȼ
ûٸ棬Ǵҫص˻ģ漣ý̻˹ͽ̬͢ȸı䡣
͢ѡϳ֮ٴζ׳֦
һΣ̩ȣɾܾ˰͢룬˵Ǿ仰һľˣԶܱҵ
õ˽̻˹ͽ͢ļأ̻˹ͽ͢Ϊϧ壡
߶ԣʵݵ
ԺиֳĵεΣطвӿֳĸ̾
֪ԼǸԼûͻƻ۷壬սԽ۷ǿߵĻ̻˹ͽ͢ΪðѵķգΪվ̨
෴ڰɭޱУ
ʦӭҵ˽Сá
Ƭ̺󣬵طС֮󣬽̻˹΢ЦվӴĵڶλĿˡ
Ŷ
ط¶һ˿ȣʵ̻ʱ£Щһλ˭
ط硣
̻˹شȻ󳹵״еĻɡĲط磡
ղǾ俴ƺƽĻʵǶطһ̽
ԭֵܡ
ط¶Ȼı飬Ц˵
ֵܻطһǳСӣǿѧ츳ʵǵͷԣĴ˵
̻˹˿ûζطͣȻֶطмӣȻֵܶԣӵ㣬ȫѧʷϵ漣
̻ʱ£ллҺֵطط΢Цűʾ˸л
ʦ֪ɱսֵĸְɭ׵սһ£ˡ
ݵĺѺͿ׹󣬽̻˹ֱ룬ֱ⣬֪ûȤ͢ȤΪ͢һԱΪ͢ʷλʹָʾҺڽ̲֮κһ͢ԱΪ񣬻Զý͢ĺܶԴԴϤ˽͢书ȵȡ
̻ʱ£ллĺ⣬ҲܴӦطܿؾܾ
Ϊʲô
̻˹ɫһ䣬üĿ֮ӿֳεʧͬʱҲܺ档
ΪѾӦƻĴʦҪ뻪Ĺڻְ
ط˵Լɡ
ƻıչǰͨʱйͨġ
ٸ֮֮ݣػصƬϤĹ


1484 ɴ
ٸԺ֣ỹûнƻͨ֡
ǰѾԻͨһѵõĳϽύȡõϢ
Сط̻˹Զʮְ
Һͽ͢ԣǸҵϢ
ƹ£̻˹̾˿ڴСõİ¶޷εʧ
ڲǰͽ͢ڿط֮ѡ˺ߣĿıΪܹط͢
طľܾý̻˹ֵòʧĸо
׼ȷ˵
̻ʱ£ǳǸͬʱҲлͽ͢ĺ⡣
طܹ̻˹ǷʧٴαǸ͸л
ʦȻܼ͢Ϊ͢һԱǽ͢ѡ
̻˹ܿ˵һ仰
ͽ͢ѾΪط縶˲٣ȻջسɱȻ޷طֻ͢˶ˣطΪ͢ѣ˹ϵԱڽǳս֮󹲽ˡ
̻ʱ£ҵҡ
طڽ̻˹˼̬ŵúܵͣӵػӦ˽̻˹ͼַʽý̻˹һЩ
Ȼ̻˹ط仰֮תһЩ
ط̻˹һᡣ
˿ѧ̻˹ʱʱ޵ش̽˵Ϣطÿһλش𶼵ˮ©˿û¶ڡ
Сʱ󣬽̻˹ԽطͳСãȻطıӰо˸Ҳ֪Щʲô
ط뿪Сú󣬲δֱӷؾƵ꣬ٴǰ˰ٰĴ
Ҫȡ궡˴кȻݿһ뿪
طִʱ򣬰Ҳβ˶ڵĵ
ʦҶڵء
Ϊˣط֮æ΢Цӭϡ
ʥŮգҪҲǺ
ط΢ЦŻӦһ䣬ȻӹһŮĺƣٱλǹͬİʥŮһٴףտ֡
ʥŮտ֡
Ⱥ͸궡ڣ˷׷Ӧطĺ٣ٱٴף
ллʦллҡ
Ц쳣ãֻطõ
󣬰طڣ˷׷׽еľһ
һĻ֪˸ɢʱˣʱ䲻ˣ͵ɣѰųǻؾƵꡣٴθлҰæ֮гǰμҵ磬ڴ´εžۡ
£鲻ԽؽĿͶط硣
ݿ궡ҲȻǿط磬źʱܺطٴۡ
ԼٴγΪȫĽ㣬ط΢ЦһԲ
󣬰û˵ʲôǴ뿪
Ŀյϣͣżﰣ񳵣Ⱥϳ
УطݿΪס԰ǱƵվƵ꣬ռһ
֮⣬Ⱥ͸궡Ҳһ
ǶĴˣĳ˵Щŷ޸ҵӡݸӸ߹󣬽͢⽫ֿ
طݿںŵĵһλϡ
ݿϣĿǰʵʼ⿴ط磬Ŀ¶⡣
Ƿⱻڰڸˣǰ濪Ľ͢Ա޷طܹظܵ
֮⣬طҲܿݿһƬ糺죬ǴżĿ⣬طĲصһ˿
ʮһʱطݿİվƵſڣ𿪳Ľ͢Աһʱ³ӭطݿ³
鷳ˡ
ط³΢ЦԷʾл⡣
ܹΪݿ·ҵң
طĻ͢ԱһһܳǸо·ܹõطĸлĪҫ㹻͢Աǰܾá
طЦЦû˵ʲôݿ˾Ƶ꣬ǰݡ
ʱ仹磬ȥҷɣ
ݿһţһŤͷط磬ط緢룬еԡ
á
طԣݿһڴģӦ
ܿģطݿ˾Ƶͳ׷
ƹݿҸЦݣƤߵ˽µĸ߸ЬŽĽѾĵ̺ϣıȥ֡
һ̵Ȼû˰㹫Ӧеĸ߹ţһֻľ顣
righetherewaitingݿţߵƹǰشһƿƣֱԼطһ
һУƱߵɳԣݸطһ
ɱҵӡ
ݿؿط磬ӿ˵
ɱ
طЦƱݿ
һ죬˵ľƱײһĿҲڿеһεĻ𻨡
ˮ¶ǣݿƱϣֱǰһһѹסطĲӣط硣
ǵúҲǵúܶ飬һֻСè䡣
һϢݿֱطĻУָطǼӲĸ
ӣҹŮˡ
ݿһ룬һԾܾ˵ţȻطƵɳϡ




1485 飬جξ
Iwillberightherewaitingforyou
Ϊغ
Whateverittakes
Ī
Orhowmyheartbreaks
ĪǷ
Iwillberightherewaitingforyou
Ϊ˵غ
waitingforyou
Ϊغ

righetherewaitingݳ߶صͳ׷
ݿطƵɳϺطϣٴط硣
ԼͼŶطİ⣬ͬʱطеġħ
ƹ⣬֣ơ
ѽ
ݿطӵãݿ̶֮ٴͶͱƾͺɶط֮еħѣݿʼݿɳϷ

ٸԡ
еĿ֮󣬱һʱϵСá
̻ʱ£ܼ͢𣿡
֮󣬰Ȳʳ⡣
ûС̻˹ҡͷ
Ϊʲô
һʶʵ
ƻ֮ǰ뻪Ĺڻְƻĵ롣̻˹˵Եɡ

Щʧ̾˿Ȼ뵽ʲôˣ̻ʱ£Ϊطô
񣬵Ӧòǡ
̻˹ٴҡͷӽط浽طȥһֱڹ۲ط磬жϡ
ҲΪǡ
ŽطһĵεΣ˵ţȻʵ̻ʱ£ޱأû°ɣ⣬᲻˶ŭ𲨼ǣ
һΣ̻˹ûпͽ͢ԣһֵܼ顣
ͬʱ
ٸԵһ䷿
ޱƲҼ򵥰㴦һ˿ڣΪ˽͢شҩ㻹ҪǰҽԺҽһơ
ϣΪޱ֮󣬿˵Ѿ׼˳ϵҽԺҽѾˣڴȥ
ԣһֻȴ绰
ޱ˻ƵӦüĿ֮ŭͺ⡣
ԭļƻҲôѵһУУԶ˫ȣ¹ݿӢϴڡģ
ĳ裡
Ҫĸ׻㱨飬ͬʱĸٶȸϵٸԣɱ
á
ޱĻޱŭͺ⣬ϣ֪ޱʲôͬ˶Է
ܿģϣΪޱһǵ绰ޱȻ뿪˷䡣
ޱֲͨԼװͿ˽ֻ
ף
绰ͨޱȿڣű
ޱҵĺӣȥԾʲôˣ
绰ͷڿǱİͿЩɻʵ
ΪμӰĿ˶ԺյݣҺܶأ뿪ٸ֮ǰûԽϷ鴫硣
һ£ͿҲ֪ĵܵܰɭӱе顣
ףˣ
ޱɥ˵
ʲʲô
ܰͿͨޱ쳣ʶ˲ԾǱޱĻԸӣֱվɭôʲôɱ
ףǻɵġ
ޱȻ˵
Ȼ
һΣޱĻ˵꣬Ϳٴ𣺡ɱ˰ɭң׷ʲô
ףġ
ޱæ߰Ϳ˵Լ򣬰ɭɱʱеĺŨҡ
ǸƤ㣬㣬ɭΪͷȻ󱻻Ƥӻɱ
ɭɱΣͿٴδޱĻŭУ͢ʲôѵ͢ûֹ𣿡
ûУ̻˹ֱǸƤҪɱʱų֣ҲûǣվǸƤǱߣ
˵ޱеԼڵѪ̻˹ǸƤӱң¹Զ˫ȣݿǸӺӢϴڣҷĽ󲻵ݿǸӺӢҵ鷳
쵰
Ϳȥˣŭ£һֱ鷿̨Ƶݡ
˵ԼӱУɭɱڰͿĳܷΧ֮ڵĻôޱ¹ϴڡģȫĳܷΧҲ˿ĳܷΧ
ǻɱɭ֮ޱģ̤ҫ
Դӿ񣬻δܹ裡
ط統׶Ъֹݿ뿭Ъ飬ڻɱ̿˵ɱ֣ܺڰ¬֮󣬳Ծ汴Ҳֻƿѣ
ףǸƤ̫ˣҪǼڽ£ǾԲܷŹ
Ϳŭޱæ˵ǸڻҪҪҹϹɱ
һΣͿûлش
֪Ϊŭһ쵰йеŭ𣬻Ϊޱ仰ͿͻȻ侲
üͷޱղ˵һУȡõϢ
ףʧʧǽֵĻǸ뿪־ͺˣ
ۿͿޱЩˡ
С
Ϳ³֡
Ȼ޲̽ʬΣ侲֮󣬾ܾޱ顣
ΪΪʲô
ޱʱɵˣʶʵ
һǸƤܹɱ壬֤ʵǿǾǿ֣߳ҲδؾͿԱ֤ɱԷȫߵĿԡ
ڶ̻˹ǸƤӺͿ֮ѡǰߣΪضԷǱͼɵ䱳λ񾳵ʦ
Ϳüͷҧгݵ˵
ףѵǿǸƤӶڳ𣿡
ޱѹûȥԼ˵ɣǱʵʵ
ȻᣬǸƤӱһǿʦҪүү㱨飬ôʵʩ
Ϳɱ⣬ϴˢ裬Ҫޱүүͬ⡣
Ϊпܻᵼ°벽ǿߴս




1486 ݱܷâ
ٸԻɱĺĳԱɭпǿޱұƵޱݿӢϴڣĽ󲻵ݿӢҵ鷳
ֳĿƣ͢вδ̻˹ڻͿ֮ѡ֧ǰߣ

͵ޱͿͨͬʱطٸ飬쫷һϯȫ޴𶯣̳ըˡ
Ϊ֯ڰ̳ӣϸ˵̣嵽ɭʵطܹ˼ֵز
ϵ۰ɭǿĵĳԱ֮һʮǰﵽ۷ǰߵͿ峤֮λս֯˵ɭδǿ򣬵ԶԶԽ۷ǿߣһµǿߣȻлɱˣ
͢ϵ̬ȣڼӵسϻʦ˺ǿ²ǿߣҲ޽ӽ
̻ط֮ðһǲҽһߣ
˭ܸңжǿǷһ޵еĴڣܹڴŽ

̳ȫ˶Դ۷׷ףйʵķԣۡ
д󲿷˶Ϊʵ޽ӽھǿˣŽǰʮ
ŷޣڰᵱܾݵĹϳǱ
Ϊڰξʦ÷壬ٴκͺڰ֮˶ϰ²˾ۼڰɭĴ
ǿǿƣҽӶΪطߵ˳ͷ֤뻪طĹϵѰ
Ĵ÷üͷһء
Ȼٸ飬Ժڰԣʲô£෴һϢ÷е˾޴ѹ
÷ˣ飬֤֮ǰİʮӢ²һؿ÷塣
ط¸绪Ⱥɱɭ¶ɭƿ˼δ̳˵ĺѡ֮÷²ˡ˶￪һСͻ飬վδһʱڰҪѰҡ
䣬Ϊ˱طϻءǿ˶Ժڰб
ѰңΪѰҺڰ¹˹䣬¹˹㱨ơ
Ҫ᳹ʵϴεľǧʱðͷ
÷һ㣬ضࡣ
Դˣ²˺˶ûκ顣
ȻжЩƣҲòϣˡ
ŸȺڰѲǸȫһӦĴˡ
ΪطĲϳɳطĺճԼ˵еˣڰ᲻òѡͨķʽݱܷâ
ǰ˵ǲܷ飡

ͬʱ
ŷһϵĳǱ
죬ٸԷһ¡
Ϊ̿鱨˵ĺӥٴ˴̿ƶĬ˵ķ䣬ϸĬ˻㱨ٸԽһС
ĬϸţڼûдϺӥĻںӥ㱨֮󣬶ûпڣüͷһ˼
һĻӥ֪ϢĬ˵⣬ԺʶȤվһԣȴĬ˵ָʾ
ڽɭôˣ
һ֮Ĭ˲ſڣûἰ飬ѯϴúӥ顣
죬ͨǵ顢ռϢóۣɭǱǸɱģ
ӥСػ㱨±Ĭ˵ŭ𲨼
һ棬ɭǴ̿˵ĺĳԱ֮һΪ̿Զڴ̿Ǻܴʧ
һ棬ɭǣط磬طӶҴ̿˵Ľƣ̤̿˵ҫѳΪ̿˵жд̡
ط鵽𣿡Ĭٴοʵ
ûС
Ĭ˵˼άԾ࣬úӥЩʣǵһʱ˻ش𣬲Ҽ˵Դӻ֮󣬻طʧƵģ鲻йİϢ
һԴ黪ط䣡
Ĭ˵üͷšһͳӹɡ
ǣ죡
ӥæȻʾ죬ٳٲ鲻طĻǷԲȡ˴ʩܻط׽ˣͨ˿ǵͻȡϢ
С
Ĭ˺ܸɴؾܾʾɫӵǸӶΪطߵ˳ͷôˣڸս
죬˼ǣǽȡκδʩΪɭ𣿡
ӥЩȣԴ֮̿󣬴̿˻ûгԿֵ
ڴ̿ʷϣû鷢
ȻûȷϢ֤ɭǸУΪʲôҪͷսأ
Ĭ˷һͳʱܳأǸǸսʦ֣Ǻѵֵң塢ƿ˼սֱǸ뱨𣡡
죬ˣ˼ǣǱǲȡκδʩֻǹעɡҪȫѯط䣬Ȼϧһд۽طɱӥȻ
š
Ĭͷо˸жϲĻǸָ֣ɵǸναǿˣ
ӥԣͫ΢΢Ŵףķչһȫֽ
Сʱ
Ϊ峤İͿӢһ֪С
ĸףĵ̡ۡڵϱչأ




1487 
ҹһ޴һɫĴ󲼣ڵס¹⡢ǹ⣬һƬڣ˲ϵسʯ಻ϣصںܡ
һµûκνֻۡһˡ
Դǰһ֮󣬾ͽ峤֮λ˰Ϳ£һ䣬ѧŹŴɮķʽ
ҹĻ£Ϳͧ£û˸棬Ƕ˹µм䡣
ܵһƬڣڰͿԣӰ첢
ΪǿߵѾ˵ı׼ںҹҲܿΧһУֻ߲ôá
Ƭ̺󣬰Ϳߵм䣬ȻһӰһʯϣҹΪһ塣
˲Ǳˣĸۡ
ڳʱû뿪ԵʣۡͷͺӺܳûаǿߵϢʹƣէһȥؤһ
ף
Ϳһʱʺá
ʲôˣ
ۣżɽʵ
ڽ峤֮λͿϱչ֮ǰصظͿǷӰ飬Ҫǰ
죬Ϳˣ֤ء
ԽصԽֱӡػ㱨۴ϰߡ
ɭˣޱҲˡ
Ϳ֪Լ׵ϰߣԼ㱨
ʲô˸ɵģ
Ϣ۵ı鼸ûз仯ֻͫ΢΢Щ
һĻߡͿ
ߣ
ĸ֣۵Ĳ΢΢ɫ
ΪԹȫĸУĶҪһ
ͬȫѧİͼУ߶ҪǿߵʵԶҡ
ȥϸظҡ۵Щͳˡ
ףġ
۵ͳĻ۴·ʽת䣬Ϳ֪Լĸǳ飬ʶҵæٸԷ飬ԭԭ˻㱨
֮⣬ر˵ط¸绪Ϊصἰط米񾳵ʦˡ
ǿߣ١ⲻܣ
Цŷһ㣬Ȼо˸ǻٸ飬ֻֿܡ
һ񣬲֪ߵغ񡣵ûɱޱֿԼ͡ǾֻеڶֿܣʦĴڣ޿֡
ף˼ǣʦ˲ǿߣʵҲǳǿǿǿͽ͢ĵز
Ϳԣһһ˼
š
ͷ
ףǰڵƣô죿ͿʾǵҪĿġ
첻Ӧõǵ
۴ʣʵϼӵظ˴𰸡
ৣ
俴º͵ָ𣬰Ϳɫʱ䣡
Ϊܳ
һһеΣֻҪǲ׷£ʦȻٿ塣һûķա
ףˡͿæϹ
㲻ס
ҡͷһǵҲ˵ˣɱɭͽѵޱ֮ǰ¸绪ɱ˴̿ˡƿ˼սˡ
ǿ෴̿˺սҪǿ󣬶Ҳֹһ㡣ǰӵ߳
ǻɱˣ֤ѹûн仰˵ʦԺɨûеһʱʵʩ֤Ǹĺǿ
һ£ʵʩпܵ
һ
κ鶼ԡ㿴ǿĳ裬ʵҲȷһǶҲǿһᡣȫԱΪܣͼǿڱס
̿˺ƿ˼Ƿᱨǻսֿ϶ᱨԭ֮ǰ˵ǿĹȣغǿȵϡɱɭΪڸǿһĶ⣡
׽̵ǡ
ͿԽԽԼͿĵؽ۵Ľ̵ȻһȥͰĽ̵̼˷ͼǿ
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1489 첲š
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ÿһʱ䣬Źİȥŵʱͣ½ŲعͷһʧŮѩ㣬֪־ôģΪط磬ѾΧ֮ڣҲʧѹţطġ
ûлش
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ص䣬ѩţضڵϣͷίĺӡ
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ط˺ࡣ
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1490 ţ
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ȻǮЩ˶ԣֻǡʱ˵֣յԴܹõԣ޿ɱԡ
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̾˿е̵ٷŽ̻Ҹ־̫ԩˡ

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ΪǸǣѾǿ㵽һ޷ĵز»֯⣬Ҳͬ⣡
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طͨҩˮժƤ֮ϴһҲصԼңȻһʱ䣬ѩıú뷢һϢ
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ܿ죬طֻ
طóֻһѩıú룬ֱӽͨ˵绰
Բط磬㽻飬ûа쵽
绰ͨѩһʱطǸгھΣȥܵ䡣
ѩ㣬֪ѶȺܴҲ֪϶ˣԣ㲻𡣡طο
Ұ˵ģҶǾۼһͼ취šһȥ塣ҶǻӦ뾡һа취ǵĳͼ嶼ͬ⣬о޴ʹ
ѩѹ˵Ϊˣұƻȥүү棬үүҽڶҡҰֽȷ˵үүͬҲ飬ܳҽ飬Բ𡭡
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֪ô죿ѾҪ׼ʮ𲽣յĽܾͳˡ
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ط˼ȥοͣͬʱģƶ־ķ
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Ϊţط֣һܹȳ־
ΣΪäĿΣطһһε촫˵ģ




1492
ڹȥʮУĸٷչб仯죬ǵˮƽߣԽԽ࣬Ҳ¸ص˽˻
˽˻Ҳŵȣһĵ˼䣬ͨ˶ضݻʵڻ֮УҲֻĩȨ󲻻ȥȥԽݣۣеǮıͲĹӸ켣ݵеɾ͵αӢȥһܴܾá
ȼӦ׼ڵ޴ڣֻǺܶʱͨ˿š벻
ΪľõһŶĶֻ˽˻ҲټܹȨӵܷ۵ģʵô
֮һżߵһΪԱֻǮУҪݡλ
ԱַΪͨԱ߼ԱԱ
Ƽ򵥵ȼ˴֮ĲͬࡪܶͨԱһ뽫ͨɸ߼ȴΪһ
ĻԱ֮һΪǰ׸֮ӵҲֻĸ߼Ա޷ΪԱ
ط뿪֮ǰÿȥĵط
ΪطڶͺȥˣÿεطȾơߣ
Ȼ
Դط뿪ͻģǸ־֮͹ĴԽԽˣɴܣʵڽþƾԼ
Ϊ־ĶӣźŽԿ׳Ҳûбź͹滮֮·ֻǺڵĵһҵһνľӢʽ˽ѧУӢѧĳЩͶʼĥƽҴҵ
Ĳ·ͨ˼ҵĺӶԣǲģڸӵܶԣȴǳɳĥ
ͨķʽΪӰุ״µĽɽ춨ܹɹӰ˰һ
Ͳ֮һ
һ棬͸־ƾĹؼҵ֧֣һȱΪͷź춥ˣҵ۹̫Ӵ󣬷ģܹԦ˶ָ
һ棬־Ǹϵ淶෢ƵĻᣬ˴ɽͬʱҲĥ˵
ǸˣʶǻۡݾͳͳУ
ԭעʹӶһ𣬼ͷѹһɽ
ɽͨһɽŲƸͶԣȴͬ˵Ľ䣬޾ѹ
ѹǰƴŬƾ־ĵһͰĻҵ÷ˮڹҵո¶ͷǣڸӵȦĴ
ˣﵽӰ־Ҫ󣬻ʮǧ
޷Ӱ࣬޷ﵽҪѹ֡ͽǣ޷˵ᱻɽ飬ֻԼܣҧزŬ
ط뿪ӣȺԺӵؾۣͿ˽Ӱุ׵ϣ
ʵϣط뿪ڹڵһʱطԺӵܵİ£ҵʱʽעۼţջΪḻ
Ȼ
ΪԼĿĵԽԽʱط£ϳģԼǰֵܽñѹƣǰٶȡ
һ־棬ûкˡ
ΪţǸֵܡ;֧꣬չһ죬ҫֵܽ߷壡
طδ־ǣּҺһ̳
ĸ׶ԣһ
̶ʱڣ־һִҵ۹ⲿĸѹ޷תڲĳЩ־ɽԪϣ߷򣬵һ
⻼־ҵ۹ӽ
Ͷԣ֮ǰһŬΪСҵ۹ûˣ̸ʲôӰࣿ
ΪҪǣ޷ΪԼĸʲô
ǵġ
ʲôˣ
֪һΪǣطĸӰ쵽ؼңΥ飬֪Ҫʮϵ֮֮˷ŭ֮⣬ֻ
Ψһˣ
ǵഫûֵܣҲûУĸںСʱ򣬱뿪˼䡣
ԽŬΪеʵԲҪ״µҵ۹ԸԼ͸׵вƸȥȡ׵ƽǸĸһؽΣ뿪εĿ΢΢

⼫пյĽ
Զ·ʱ㱼ŬŬŬȴ䵽һ
ԣͬجģǱ̣絶ȴ޴˵ֻþƾԼӱܡ

ĵʱĳž
򿪴ߵıڵƣҡҡԴȻ
ƹ£ͷģͬѣ꣬˿ȥ㲣ûа·һʬĻˡ
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ʹֻֻ֮ͣ𶯡
ֻ֮ͣһҶѩ㡢Ȼ˷΢šţδӵ绰ʾ

ź΢ݣһڷǵĿȻϳһ˿
Ϊѩ㡢ҶҪ
ǻظѩ㡢ҶˣȻ绰ĸ˴˸绰䰲ϵķ˺Ͱᡣ
һУɿ´һͷԡң׼ϴ衢κӡʰԼ
ΪˡһȥҶˣ

ͬʱ
ĳ칫¥һȲĹӸ磬һ칫
캣ʱڱΪǵĻħĳЩȦһ׷ط磬ȵЩˣ۷ԶطȵˣڻȦвСӰ
һУһ֮⣬ΪźԨԴ캣̫ү̫үսϹֵܡ
仰˵үӵ꽫ͳģڹʮ꣬Ϊպյĺ춦ֲеĺĳԱ֮һһΪӰѡ֮һ
˿̣캣ȡΪӪһ
ԭڳĳְΪӢڶͶĿбͻ·ŵĿڵΪһְ
ҪĿ;Ҫһζƽ
Դְ֮캣Ӱ롣
һУ׿ҺҵĹϵ֮⣬ҲΪ캣ʱϵ
磬յϰ΢ţҲڻһ֣һᡣ
칫캣һֻ̧ͷļ˵
Ŷ
ԣļ
磬ҪҪҸ˴кȡͶİᣬʡĵʱǵ۾Ӱǵˡ캣״ΪԸ⿴͡
ãëķ˲缦ܲμֵýֺͷ뵽
Цҡҡͷ⣬ǽܹһЩϤס뿴ǰˣҲˬȴֻӡ
ˡ
캣һЦ˵⣬ǻ᳹׽ĸֵĺ塣
ҸڴһȺ蹷һҧˣһ԰Ȯ
Цһк˸
ط罫һң̤ҵҫ⣡
һУζ뱨ط磬޲ܽطʬΣ
Ϊط뿪˻ģ޷طʲôڽ־ͽеͬʱȺ׷طʲôǻһ˭ү
һ̡
ζû뵽Ǹϳؼңƾһ֮ػؼ꣬ͷ»ص˻ģ·ϡ


1493 Ҳ
ׯ԰ӵ1100ƽ׵ĹأŷǱΪԵͺ໥ϵΪ̬⣬18ɵ켰뵺3Ȼӣ͸֧ׯ԰Դ
Ϊһλׯ԰ڣһŷͷĳǱ
ǱΪ˽򣬹оưɡӾءݡ򳡵ȳʵһ׸ʽ׷˲K跿ҡ˽Сĳȳ
仰˵ĻԱڹʶԱҲڸСΧڵľۻᡣ
ĸ򣬶һķ
磬ԱڸòʱᰴջԱҪ׼ʳģɶ³˿ɿζȫнܹרҵѵŮԱз
Ļ豸ġòʺͺѵ㳪ŮȫݻԱͻҪ
ĲĻί˹ά˹ŵȵؽܹרҵѵŮɹ٣˽СĳΪԱṩ
ÿһ򣬶дӵֱͣݣ˵֮⣬һרͨ⼫ر֤˻Ա˽
ʱȳصضõ׷ڴɳϣȴҶȻ˵ĵ
ǰЩͬȫָˡʰһһɨ֮ǰ⣬üĿ֮ӿ˷뼤
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ʮʱȻ¾ڻԱĴ£ڵͳ׷
ţ
ŮţͷǵǰǸһ־ӵĸоһ
λŮŸɶ
ͼ״ȻԱ뿪Ц˵
ӣˣ
ʮϵЦݣȻһߣһ߾ɵʵ
ʲôлˣѵ
бȻһۣͬǰֱӿ
ţ
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УȻ߽ȥ͵Ķͷ԰ûհ
Ȼʲô˼ûشȻ֡
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ûС
ԣϵЦһ˲࣬ҡҡͷ
ٴ͵Ļ͵ı仯Ȼ¾ٴһʶΪ͹ֵúһαװԼڲĵʹ
һеͬʱȻһʱЩΣ֪˵ʲôãҲ˲ɻء
ˣ磬춼˭
ؼʱ̣¾ǵؿڣ˷İ
ǣֻлӺؼα
ʶػشţ˵󣬹˸ӣָֻЦݡ
ؼα˭
Ůһۣʮֺ档
顪
Ȼ
һ̣ʳڣ

͵Ļ£űƿһĹԱ΢ЦһƣҶ䡣
лл
ҶòرʾлȻ߽˷䡣
ȣҶ˺ܶ࣬Ǹմӷ޻ƵģҲһЩӿȥʵˣҲһŰĸоǶ˼ֳȡ
ȻȻֻԤӵĳԱֲͨӵĥ˱仯˺ܶ࣬һѷıͻȻʡ
Ҷ硣
Ȼ¾һʱҶʺá
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ţ
ͬȻŮ֮ǰһҶҲ͵쳣е˾ȣҲ۵ΪαװΣ첽ǰӵһͣԲ𣬰ֵͣûæ
Լֵܲ˵ֻ
ԣͷһһǿЦ˵Ц޷εʹࡣ
ΪҶ仰Ȧ΢΢Щ죬⣬ˮ·ʱ¡
һĻҶҲһʹû˵ʲô͵ļͷѩ˵׼ȥүү棬ֻҪүүͬ棬û¡

ʱ׷ٴαƿ
ƿŵ֮ǰԱѾû֮ǰ΢ЦһǸ⡣
ʲô
ͻһĻЩ졣
Ϊĸ߼ԱǵһҾǰܷĹԱԲδͻȻ뷿䡣
Ǽ䲻ػԱ˽ΪǴɣ
ԲҸŴ׷ԱϹǸ˵
ŴˣһɵضŷԱȷ
ǵģ׷D
ԱžϹƣƯϳǸ֮⣬ǽźͲҵĹʧ󣬸ɵ鷳Ǹ⡣
DŮ֪DͨԱ׷ȷûи
üͷǸһè塣
ǡǵģʱ׷ѾȥˡԱڻӦΪ̫ţЩ
֪˭׷
Աı֣Ϳ϶Լжϣüͷšһ
ҡ
һ̣ȷԱڣһӰ׷
캣
Ҵ١
ʮǰǵĻħ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬͡ҶȻ¾ԼͬؽĿͶ캣
һ̡
Ƕϳ캣ҿ캣ڹҲ硣
캣ҪĿŵռѶõ׷˸ϵD




1494 
⣡
ۿ캣վ׷ſڣſڵķԱеĽ벻ֱϡ
⵹ʺͿ㡣
෴ܹΪķԱƯ˵ĺͲ׵ʣͨԣһŲ㱿Դϣ̶̡ƽֵ֮ϡ
벻Ϊ׷ȷͶµġ
Ϊ׷ָԱ֮ǰͽӵ֪ͨһصظϰ͵ϣӶԼڷĹг
ǰӵ֪ͨҪ׷Ŀ˻D
ʱ˶µġδҲδ˵
һ棬⽲ţǶ߶˵˽˻ⷽ˼£ֳܳ
һ棬ǻĸ߼ԱռӦ㻻׷ҲӦðBD
DCͨԱĸ򣬶BӦ߼ԱAӦԱ
³
ڷ¹󣬺ܿ侲ƾǿŲ㱿Դϣжϳè塪˹Ҫͣ
˿̣캣ıӿ϶һ㣬ͬʱҲɴܰ⡪ᱻ͵ŭ𲨼
١٣ûǴĻԱ㰲׷ӦAôܵBˣɲš
׷кջ𣬵ûзһЦݡ
AǱߴˣ߿
캣ͬԼЦһֿӱݵĿ⿴ͣߺҵĿˣﲻãֻA
ৣ
캣Ļ캣ϷʵıͼЦݣȻ¾ɫʱһ䡣
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ǿ캣ⲻҪ߰ᣬȫϷˣ͡ռİᣬȴãֻΪ˽ѸϵͨԱ
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ͬʱս˫ȭϵⶼڶ
һ̣ʺ캣ŮԼҲȥ캣һ٣ջסˡ
û÷Աȥһĸϰ绰
ΪԣҪԲ캣
׼ȷ˵ı캣
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οĹȵף
һ£ýֺͷ뵽һĻϰ绰Ҳ޼¡
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ΪҪǣط鷳
캣ͻҶȻ֣طƱػ顣
ط·캣Բ˶ߣ
һĻطݺпܻٴعķգһᱻӪԡѹӶ޷ڹڴȥ
캣ôţƣ֪𣿡
Ϊط鷳ѡʱҶͻȻˡ
ǵûн캣Һض캣Ŀг˾ζ
ȻҲ׼֮һߵúܽҶүүû£Ҷʵ֮ϣݣΪҶҴٵ캣ֻ߲͡
ৣ
ȻҶĻ캣ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼ뵽İţ˵ƤЦⲻЦ˵סԭҶٰôڳӣҸնûϳ
캣𣿡
캣ĳҶֱеŭһҪֵļơ
վſڸʲô
һΣ캣ڣһӷ⴫
£һƽͷ߽˷䡣
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ҶĿǱԵƽͷ
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Ϊ˫ۺܳµ޷ס󣬶Ӻܽʵ³ŵùͬһ㣬˱ըԵ
Ȼ
Ҷ֮ԻᱻƽͷΪĴЩ죬˫ֹǽڱĥƽˣϼ룬·ʱ
һУʶǸӡ
ĮһеĿ⣬ᵽΣյϢ
ʵȷˡ
ƽͷǵҵĺ
Ϊطһطս̩ɽۣ֮ձط򱬣˫޼
ڴ֮ǰҵط磬ƻĸ
һУҸе˲ط类ϳģݲҲû
Ϊ˷ֹ֯ԣҵĺ󳾣ҼּҵйҴߣңȡƽ
Դ֮󣬷ǵûб֯ԣ෴ʼڷｨݣͽͼѰҼѧ츳ĺͯˣҵ
ݣҽĵһݣĵܵ
ƽͷĶӣѾ书˰۷壬䲻ǿˣҲʵʵˡ
֪սְ֮ƼԼĶڡ
Ȼĺ⣬ͨеķʽеλΪһ˾
٣ĹԱ˵©ǽǵ׷ǳȥǿȥ⣬Ҷٻ˵ţơ
ҶϸеΣϢͬʱ캣ֵ˵٣˵ţôֻҪǶµ׷ѡ
ȻС㡢¾СǶۼŵĶ¾ϯCEOۼǰʱ䱻ӢڶͶĿôᰡȥñΪ԰ۼźǡ
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ৣ
ȻⷬȻ¾ɫһ䡣
ۼŴӢڶͶĿгѴ˻̽磬Ϊ˺ܶ̽˵̸ʣΪ̽Ц
һ£óڵǣ




1495 ˿Σ޿
ƹ£Ȼǳ¾ɫЩѿȻŭĿ
Ǹ٣û뵽һ硣
ͬʱ캣ϵ˵ţС㡢С֮ˣôġ
ܡܣҸղ˵ǿɲҪᡣ
ЦǺǵؿȻ¾ɫѿǽһãǽһ̱⣬ĿҲҪʵʩˣҪµб꣬ȤĻۼſٴͶ꣬û׼бأ
ûȤ
ĵ裬ȻջֱӦ
ⲻ
˿⣬ǽĿתͣЦǺǵ˵ٵĸ鷳鲻ã˼ѵ˳ԷҪĸ˴绰ǵ׷øɣ
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캣һʱӦȻϷʵؿͣ٣ǲȥDˣòͰɡ⣬лңҪлл١
ԣ
ûлشɫһƬ࣬۽Ǽ˫ȭյøƺѾ͵ıԵ
뵽ط磬ջסˡ
١԰һ׷ѣװ
סˣҶȴ̲סˣһض˵
Ҷ٣Բӡ㲻ĻԱ֪һܶͨԱⱲܹB׷׷ɲеôö
ЦŻӦװƣˣֻͬٶѡϾ֪ٵĸ־һطһλϷˡ
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ۿ͵˿ΣҶױŭ˵䣬Ҫǰ
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Ҷ˵ˣѵ˶³
ԼߵҶȻ壬ҼЦżҲԣҼǵĴطһġȻڱӿˣҳΪ˻ͷͨھ⣬¶棬ͬɥ֮Ȯ
Ҳ꣡
ҶױŭһŭȻһƿ͵֣ͬһͷŭϻ
Ϊװƣ޷͵˿Σ޷ط磡
Ϊˣ򵥣Ҳһѵ
ΪԤԱҶͨطѾӵ൱۷ʵ
һȣ˵ĤĶԴ¡
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͵־ֻвʮֵʱһֵֻǰ
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飡
Ҷһץϣֻץһȵĸְ壬ֱָӱһƬͨ죬һȡʹĸо·ҪƵġ
֮⣬ұ۱÷飬ѿѪʡ

ҶѸ֣ŵǰͫ˲СΣյâ״
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·Ϊӡ֤ҶжƵģٴοˣһ޿֡
һ̣ϷҶҲھҶҶȻڻ̲ˣǰʲôǣ
㲻Ҫҳһ߱㣬ͿΪΪ
ҶŭĿһһЩøʣµģأø类ֵһ߽ڡѲ븰ĺ󳾣
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Ҷἰط磬ɫȻһ䣬ЦȻطŻңҺ°бػŪҰ
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˭˵ֵطڹˣ
һΡ
ҶشһͻȻ
䣬Ӱ֡
طѩ׷ſڣ


1496 һ
ৡ
طĻ£͡ҶȻ¾캣ķԱԼͬؽĿͶ׷ſڡ
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ڴڼ䣬ִ֮⣬ѵûκϾʱ䣬Ҳûط档
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Ϊط˽⣬طƱػһسӡѰȻ뿪׷ˣƱҪΪղŵΪۣ
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ΪӪһµĿߣַǰ֮Ϊַӷ磬ҽҵҽҩ⽻ַ㣬Ӷַ֧ӵ
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ֵܣʲô飿
͵Ϊطĵ˼ͬʱطһοˣĿɨһȦͣҶϡ
ҶѪ죬طͫ΢΢һĿͶͣüʵ
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ͨˣֲӵˣ
֮࣬ʶؿڣ׷֮ǰ֪ҶֲӵһԱ
ĿıΪֹҶ֣ǽҶˣ
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ط˵ţֱ
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ǿҪеĿ־ֱӲܿƵض˵ˡ
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ʱͻȻˣ֮ǰǱֵúǿƣͨ˷ɷԺУΥ棬ɻ֯ƾʲô
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Ϊ˫ʵ̫ˣ
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꣡
䡣
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ȾѪ׹ͬʱγѣֻʹޱȣʹزҽһ

һֵնƣط粻ֻͣΪƣĲӬһ㣬һҼͷ
꣡
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ļι˲飬Ӧأ沿ҵײһ𣬱˲ѣѪӿֹ
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ˣΪ˱Һ񣬳ȴһնԾ˳֣Υ֯涨
طޱؿڣ쳹׷




1497 ѹ̱ڵ
طǿƵĻͬһڵϣȻ¾˶һֽĸо
һУֻΪ֮ǰ̫
ңǶıڣʵĴ֣רΪ˶ԸҶطǡøϵҶ֣
͡ҶǿҲ˲й˳ȥڵѪҺ·ӷս˫ȭ
ȻǶ˽ط磬֪ط֣ǿطɾնһֻ֣ſʱǻǸеѪڣ

ͬʱķԱ캣ɵˡ
Աԣһѧ⺺Ҵûм߽֣ղһУе𺳣
֮⣬캣ǻԱޱȵԺգڻĸضԺߵĴ
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1498 ţү
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˿̣صС䣬ȴҪϢǵһʱԽ㱨
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ΪļУһ׷ķԱBķԱƯħʳȺӵмߵ̣Ϊ˴ˮ©һȨ󿪼һλܾˡ
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Լ˻ԼԻ֪




1499 ˼
һзʱҾֳǸ뿪׷ԱһʱӦ
Ϊȫ㱨˵Եʣûп֮ǰǰ㾪ʧ룬࣬Ҳˡ

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𾪹˺Աһѡ񡪡Ųʣʲôûз
ȻǶ캣Ǳߵġ
ߣĻϰҪˣһʱϵһ׷ͺͿ˵Ǹλ캣ү
ĻϰĻ˵ܶԷ·ɣȻܲԲԵģ෴ҲԷһ仰ܹͣԣҲʲô취ҪƽϢͺǸеŭǰĵءؼһò͡
һ׷طϸһ׷з䣬ȷûмغȻϸӦ׷ܣȷûߡ
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طҡҡͷʾ˲صģȻۣҵڴһûõϢ֪һҸһ㣡


1500 »
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ͬʱ캣ң߽ҽ˳ȥ
ʦͬ顣Ϊ֮ǰ飬ҵĳ裬Ҳҵĳ衣
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һ̣·𿴵ط类򱬵ĳȴ֪ط»


1501 ǿ֮£˭ҳ޵У
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ص֮ûеһʱȡóֻͨ磬Ҳ峤ĵ绰
磬Сһֻ֡
绰ͨȿڣ֮ǰ
׺طʲôϵΪʲôطߵߵô
Ļ㱨ûйƣ˲뵽ط磬гɻ󣬻ĺ⡣
طȫѧѡ֮Уǿƴǿˣһս°֮ԼǰԼһս̩ɽۣ֮
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1502 Ͳװ̿
طĻܵطǹױȵţ˷׷׷
ΪǵļУط˵飬ûʧܹ
һζûУ
֮࣬ǵӿֳڴط˵ˣôǽ⣬ܽ˻ȳ־
ҪĻӦõˣҶڵ³⣬ȥ
ط翴һ۲ǽӱʱ䣬˵

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ԣһȻԼͿ
طߣۼ֤طԸ࣬ΪȴδǸطһȥĻطӰ졣
һɱжͻɱֻ߽ٳֵʣط罫ǳ
㡣
Ҷ˻ȻͬʱѩվطƤߵİףط˫Ϥ۾ڡ
š
طͷȻ΢΢һЦǼţҺܿ
ûлش˶֪طַʽǷģмȾƵ˼
ط״ٷϻֱ׷ſڡ
طȥıӰһ㱣һطҪսĴ
󣬰һ죬طţֱݡ
ΡʦҪʲô񣿡
⣬ǰ㱳ڹķԱط磬һʱӭϹ΢ЦѲְҵ΢Ц
һ̣ЦгŸм
Ҫȥöлл
طŲԶ٣΢ЦҡҡͷȻݡ
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ط˻֣ŲͣȻŮע£ߵݿڣµݼ

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ҩ߶ط粻ҩԳ׷ٴµݿż

촫Ż򿪡
һΣطֱһڵ⣬ĿⶢǰӣЦ࣬ôҲǻ۷ʦҵڶǿߣӺ棬ͷ¶βʲôúõĵͲװ̿ͣ
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ǣȻԷˣҶԷֱӵ֣
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Ȼ֪ȻԷѾԼͻȻ͵ϮĿΪ㡪Է
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С˲̫ſĽգļգ
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طһΣһسɴ磬˲ɱǰ




1503 ̶˲䣬
ֹͻȻϮȷڵ³⣬źöԷ𺳣ͻȻִԷһֲ
ط¥֮ǰƶõļƻ
һжԤ֮Уڵ֪طʵݺ󣬹Ȼ𾪵Ըӡ
طԣѵĳֻᣡ
죡
һ̵ط磬߶غѪطڲҩҩѾЧսǿٶȿ쵽˼£ͬһ磬һ֮䣬ɱǰ

Ȼʱ˲лعһŭֱһбȻӳһӭط硣
ҵ԰Եƣһεݣһɱ֡
Ϊҵڶǿߣѽ洫ҵ˼£˿̳֣һħգɱ⣬ƺˡ
һȻǲִٻӵҲҵ֮еɱС
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ҵ֮мΪԵɱУԢΪһնǰһɽҲҪ֮ǰİնʤһ
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֮иγһմһĵһ㣬ӭɨط磬̵ط缸۾
ò˵Ϊҵڶǿߣǿʵŷḻɱսܣʱع񣬶һӳ˼ֲһ²ܽطɱҲɽطˣӶֲղĹʧԴתΪ
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һն࿴ط羹ȻûжǼ۵Ϊطǵ¸ֳ˲̵ЦݣǸо·Ѿط类һˡ
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ͬһиʻĻײһ㣬˵ɶһѪѪʧھʧȥơֱ˺žʹѡ
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̶˲䣬Уطش




1504 ױ
飡
͵಻òԼشʵʱӺݺݵײ˵³ǽϣµֱӽֽǽײѺۡ
ӦأұֻʣһС֣Ѫģȥòֲ
֮⣬Ϊ͡ӡ䶼Ѫӿ˼ʧȥս
Ҳʶһ㣬ûͽ͵ߣͬһڵϣɴ۾һؿط磬Ŀгž
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Ҫ֪Ѿֻ̤˾ǿ򣬻ɱ۷ǿͬԷˮһ򵥣ԾǿߣбƴһսҲܲһ
طлܡ
⡭ֱԼǲǽ书˹ϣ
֮⣬ļУǰطһս̩ɽֻۣ֮ǻڣȴѾ书ز
طʵٶȣֱ˸߸ѧ֪
㡭㵽ʲô书ôǿֵز
ţţ̲סʵ
뵽Ĵ˵طĳֻĹѧľ书羳ɱ׾١
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ȻطĻûһƿڴֱǣ˿ڣٴ³һѪȻСҳǿղ֮սҡ׼¶ݻ𾪣ͻɱ֣һֲҲִٳ֡ҹƽһս¹˭ֻ˵
ûֻʤΪΪܡ
طޱػӦδĻ
ΪͨղŵĽ֣طԵزʵȻǿ߻вСĲֻ࣬Ѿ̤˾ǿʵԶԶ۷ǿߣڿİɭ֮ϡ
³֮ǰǰƶɱƻϸִмƻʹִ֮У¶©Ļ߶ڲĻҩҩԣսۣش࣬޿ܣҪһ򣬲ſɻࡣ
仰˵δüԼʵ㱻طɡشǰһս
սپ
طҪĽ
ΪԣҪҪǲߡҪΪԸҡ־ӡ

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ˣѵλ֯ĸΣֻϢûж⹫طӦ

طĻͬһĶը죬೹״ľ
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С㲻λңǰ֣͵ͶȻȥԸҺң湻
ݵĳĬܻͬʱҲòϣطܹ죬ʵʵǻ۵Ľϡ
һеͬʱгŴܸУܿ뵽ʲôЦԣûκָ֤֤ܵʾģҲûκ֤֤йأеһУҵĸΪΪҵĶӣ
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طٴ˵֣Ȼóֻص¼ղ˵һУ¼ˣ֤𣿡
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طĻطеֻ೹ױˣһ蹷һɤڼ֮£Ҫ͵Ϯط硣

ţҽȡǿд߶ھھɣѪٴμӾ磬½ط粻֣Ҳˡ
ط״ûٶ֣޷£һѳϵ֣¶ʵĿ
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񡭡ħ
˵Ŷħ֣гŰûڡ
ΪǸҶԣطˣ޴ѡҲ




1505 ϲѶج
ҹɫŨɽҽԺסԺ¥һƬľǿ¥ڵһⲡ
ڲϣͼѾ˴׼Ⱥ
ΪƺأûдҩԵʣ˿ڵʹϴ̼
Ϊߣ־ףҲ۵ɫס沿Ť亹겻ʣʱʱᷢ
ʹģ캣ܵȾƵģֻû
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캣״⼸ɳ֮졢Ǹ֮ͬʱҲףѡҽԺ㻤ԭ
һַʽŶĹģûĸԸȥɱͬʱĹϵպá
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ȻһǧһɿԲԼĸУеһ˿Ǹ˵Է˵һжģ
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гϺͽԼױɱʵ֮ҡԴ֪캣ˡ
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ƹ£һ࣬ǸоȳԷʱһֻ󡻹Ҫģ
Ϊϴˢĳ裬Ļǣʹȥ𣬻ɱصĲȴϲѶ
ϲѶجģ




1506 ֪η
ȻɱʦΪʲô绰ң
üͷһصس캣ʵ
֮ѻָ侲ֽղŵĶԻһ飬Ƿݲҡ
裡Ǹַʽǣ
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£ߵֻû˵֣ĵ绰
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ʵžԵģΪۻģǿ֮£Լĵܵܿ޵дڡ
Ϊģͬȥɱط磬ֻҪ֪
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ݵľֳʵЩϢ
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伤ܴ󣬡󡭡󲮣һҪҰֱɱǸ飬ýǸʬΣ
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ʶػһ䣬Ȼ٣ҴǺʵҰǷˡ
á
ȻǶһ٣ǴӦȻ캣Ը̴绰ǵؿ׷ʲô
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磬ʦȷʵˣûĵαɱģֻܿɵĻ档ʦ֮ǰǸйԻ
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סҽԺõⲡһ׼䣬˲֮⣬пͳ
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ղ˵Ǹ̬ˣ绰ȥɱ£ǲҪ롣
ܳһ£š
Ϊ֯ԣطż뻪֯žͨΪ֯ĸΡ
ĿǰϢδֻвλԱ֯ŵҪԱ֪顣
ΪھÿڣΪҺ޹ϸ𣬶Ķ򲢲עʶв֪뻪֯ҵθһְ顣
ˣԼǿΪ˽¼ժҾ룬顣
֣ʲôĻ𣿡Щĵ
һУԣǳڶ걻طѵ֮⣬ĳ裡
ϴˢ裡
ߣʵǿҪֻɱΪǿ֣߳߻֯ͷ˵¼У˿ûΥ֯Ĺ涨֯϶ͷ
Ƿᱨǲˣ°ѱؼʱ̾ǶʱըҾǰ֮
ܳ˵Ȼǲʲô
֣˼ǣæʵ
˵־ĶӶǲܶʲô־ε
һк˸绰˼ӿ־Ľ̡
ԣҲˣ
ԣް֮ǰľ͵ǣȡ֮һϲ⡣
ȻҵȨ֮޷նɱȴնɱ־ͣ
ͬʱ
طõ³¼֮׼ӣȻչ١־ң


1507 ƴ
ӵ֮ͨܿһʱ䣬ֻʮ㣬óֻͨһ绰
绰ĳŵʵȨҲ׵ĵ֮һ־İӡ
־˯𣿡
绰ܿͨûֱ⣬Ⱥѵʵ
ѧϰȻ˯أ
ͬྩ־΢ЦŻӦţܴ绰Ŀδἰǵڡ
־Ҿ־İ̫ˣȥӰ첻ã㿴أܿƿѯʣʵڰʾ־ԼĿġ
ţһӦþͶˡ־΢𸴡
æӣҸʱþûˡЦ˵
ڿûʱ䣬Ҳ֪¶ࡣ
־ίؾܾˣܼ飬ϣǷԼ顣
Ͼ˶ԣɱȽǮöˣҴԽԽãڹؼʱ̸ͼ˱
ãǵæꡣ
־ľܾ֪δЦŻӦ
ֺһᣬͨ

ɽҽԺⲡ
㸸׷飬źҺΪʲôҸղ˴һ£ǸʼնûΥ֯Ĺ涨ӵǿֵվڲԣ̾˵
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á
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ԣû˵ʲôݸ캣һ񣬺ᣬ뿪˲
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ţҰ˵û£ֻһͨ¼޷ʲôӰ졣Ц
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캣ΪȻ
Ϊ鰴˵ķչǿ׾־ʼղҶһָͷ߶Ա⣬ϴˢǽĳ裡

ſڡ
ʦ٣Ǹ˵ʬô죿
˽һ³ƵӲ̽ͣȻЩӵʵ
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Ҫ
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һ绰ط¡
£Ҹ㷢һμغ¼õģɾûõģȻ󷢸ңһ¡Ҫĵһ¡
绰ͨط翪żɽָʾڶ飬һ䶯Եţҷ˵֮ǰ޴𶯡
õģ
Ȼʵŵʲô
Ժ༭ŷ㡣
طȻµûκ⣬ǾԼ༭ŵݡ
µ֮ͨط粻̲ͣ˵ڶ绰
绰ա
ΣôҴ绰ֳ˰ɣ
ܿ죬Ͳдյ֮гŵ٩ζжٻЩġ
طòʵݣѳΪ֯ĸΣʱʲô۶ӣǾԲһ¡
壬ȷʵˡ
طԣٿףѸٽһиա
١ҳıӵ𣿾ȻҳֶԸǻ֯ĸΣңΪԼڻһ죿
طĻֱŭˣԴǵر֤С磬ģ飬ǻ֯ӲյףҪʱ򣬿γأֵҲҪָ˵
лл塣
طһůʾл
һҹ
ط˫ƴ
¹˭֣


1508 ȷ
ú磬ʱɫѾҲӵƽ¶ԴϼȾ˶ߵʡ
ĳⷿС
΢˯еֻ𶯵ˡ
ڰУԺۣץͷϵֻõǰһһྩ竴ĵ绰ֱӸҶˡ
ˡˡ
Ȼֻܿٴֱ˯ȫޡ
ӣڴͷٴֻȻǸӵ֮ܵЩջؽͨ绰㲻ܸһɣһྩƤ
磬ҸղŷһǳҪص飬Ϊһʱ
ŭྩûие£Щ졣
˵
ֱӣֻһ֣ӹɡ
磬Ҹտһ磬Żվˣ΢ѡ
ྩ竲ҶȦӣæ˵źйأҪҪ
΢Ÿҷ
ԣͻȻӿֳһ˿û׷竳Լ飬öԷŷԼ
ã
ྩ̻ӦػҶ˵绰Ȼ΢ţԼתȴǺ𾪡˭ıӵҶ֣
΢ϢʾǴ򿪱ڵƣӦһ¹ߣȻٴֻ΢ţһ۱㿴ŵı⣺ػĵһ٣
ţ
ű⣬ͫ׶ȻŴеĲѸٳֱʶص㿪ӡ
ţľųһӦȨ죻
ֻһ仰ǰ׸ε
ڹٳȴ˽˱ߵ˽˻
ΨҶһԲϱñڳ֣Կֱ֮ɱˣ
ྩңΪĵһ٣

۾𣬱ˡ
Ϊýֺͷ뵽ƪſ϶Ǳߵ֣֮Ҳܹһƪܹĺ䶯ԡ
ңŵĿƪ֪滹дʲô
ŲŭȥŸｫıλλ;Ǩдһ
֮⣬ŻϸͣȻ͵ֹºɱδḶ́ǰǰ׸໥Ӧ˸档
˵
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Ȼ֮ŭûκ壬ҪǾƪŸʧͣγɸӰҶԶʲô¡
뵽˴ֻͣͨһ绰һӹɵĿǵСʱ֮ƪҵŸʧ
õģ١
绰ͷͬѾƪŸ壬ûü绰˿ָʾһʱӦ

Сʱ
ྩܵסſڣͣһγŹİܵı±վԣ˾һͬȴϳ
ϷһƪŸ壬ұƲ˲Сĺ䶯ҸղŸϵѾزȥɾƪŸˣ˶˺ڿֶΣŸûɾҵơ
һʱӭϣܻ㱨ƪŸ顣
Ϊʲô˵ţҿ
üĻǲͬʱҲüͷ鲻򵥡
ϾƪŸĵڶ죬ѡϰǰʱϣԷνǴĻǡ
鲻ٷϻæóֻӣȻֻݸܡ
ţ
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ֻܽݸ飬һ£˵һָʾ
ǣ
һʱȻܵ绰
룬ҲͳԼֻһԣȻͨյĵ绰
ȻĽ۰ƽſԽժǾǰ֯һкȽϺãȶԷʦǾͱˡ
δѣҲȷˡ
䲿ãܡ
绰üӲŽͨȿڣԱš
绰Ϊôմ򿪴˵
ǵģ䲿ϳһƪڮҶӵŸ壬ҲˡҸ绰һŸࡣ˵Լ绰Ŀġ
ˣ飬֪ıĮشΪǻ֯ڳ
䡭䲿ֳ֯ǣ
ԣɫһ䣬ʶʲôҿ϶æʵ

ջص
ʲʲô
ܾò㶪ֻɴ۾һŵô˻֯һԱ
ǹ黯ˣѾ˻֯ҵλ֯ΣѾףſȥ֯Ŵһ¡
ٴοڣȻȻֳܲ࣬Ƶ¼֤ȷ䣬һҺܺ棬˭ָʾȥıɱǻ֯ĸΣ
ûлش
ܾûһһ㽫ֻ˳ȥ
Ϊ˵һжģĶƻϷ򣬴ֲ
̯ϴˣ




1509 ͻ䣬
ܻعʱͨѾˣʲôʱҶϵĵ绰֪
鿴ܱ鲻Ծԥһ£ǰ㱨Ѿϵزˣǽٶɾƪš
ûлشһأüͷšһ
Ϊ֪ϢĹؼѲƪűˣδָʾˡɱ˵顣
㵽ҡ
˼˰ӣָʾ
õģ
ԣܱеĻҪأûҶʰ֣ǵһʱ
ٴβͨһ绰
绰ĳ֯ŵʵȨ
ȻǸղƭ桢ʵ̬ȣǾʵǷѾΪ֯Ρ
Ԫ˵и˱黯ѱΪ֯ĸΣ𣿡绰ֱͨӿżɽʵ
ġ黯ǻ֯Ǳ߰ģ彫оθε뱨ᱨˣͨѾףһȥ֯Ϊ֯ŵԪ̻ص
⣡
ԪĻشͷһһ˿ͬʱ̲סʵԪЩɻôҪһְλôù黯˵Σ
֯ǣֵǿ󣬿ȫһǿţǱ޴󣬱벻ϧһдΪáңȰģԸΪЧҡҲ֪֯Ǽһ֯һ˵֯ˣֻҪûд⣬涼Ჵصġ
Ԫӽ֪ͣйأ֪ϴྩѵַ飬ʶΪλȤ
õģ֪ˣлл
ɫѿǱʾ˸лŹҶ˵绰Ȼⲽ˼˽ӣ
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ϳָ֮ʾȻ˾ֱӿϣ۾ڱĿʵδ
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ҴԺʱθùͣ׼鷿칫ӵĻ㱨֮󣬱ȽͷıܺͷļһԣȼܣȻЩļ
֡
ܽ鷿ͬһʺãϳյ֮⣬һĨš
ξþӸλѣҶԼĺΪ˽⣬һ۱㿴⣬üͷһͳʵʲôˣ
֣ԲǲĶָﴳˡǵͷϴǸ
ԣüͷøˣûпڵ˵һС
֣ġ
̧ͷһԼӣие˲ӲͷƤϸ㱨
ˣ
Ȼ㱨֮üĿ֮һĨŭŭһ֪ŭܣŭ
ܵͷҿ
ʲôʱ֪µģʡ
֪ġʵ
Ϊʲôڲң
ŭⰻȻ

ܼĬ
Ȼֻ֪ȥɱ˵ȷ֤ݣҽŵ֪ڻְ֯飬ⶼɣֻ֤ǰհԡΣʶ㡣
ο֮֮
֮⣬һϲڷ֮ΪԼѡ
ңĽ
ݵĶŭ֮αֹͣ𣬶һʵ
Ȼ֮ҪǸν⣬Ƿ𣬷Զ⡣
֣ҵ뷨ȥͽ⡣
̧ͷо˸˵Լ˼ǵĽ־ͷţǱ߲׷飬鵽Ϊֹ
ͽ⣿ÿ𣿡ʡ
֣˼ǣܵɴ۾һ¡
ֹͣһ֮⣬ǻԵǸϴǸȡԭ£
ۣ俪ڣӹɣҪʱ̣ӡ
ৣ
ɫ˲䣬ûֱ
Ϊĸֵĺ塪
֣ô𣿡
˺üӣԥһ£̲סʵ
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μӵظ𸴣ɫܹγˮ
֪ˣ֡
һ˲Լ׵֮ЩجشӦ

ͬʱ
ڶֻ֪ƪŸ飬֪ǻ֯ĸΡ
ΪˣſԶԴƽ飬ͬһڰ˵ӵʱϵ˵λ
ţ
Դӽ뵥λ칫¥ʼܹز˿ĿⶼЩ쳣ǿ˼ߣʵж㲻ģкҲУЩΡ
ףλ˶ƪš
ջ칫֮ٴóֻ׼ٴδ绰˾ɾƪš
ˡˡ
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绰ȥֻ
ܵ磡
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ৣ
ɫȻһ䣬һãȻʵ֣ʲôΪʲôҪ
ǻ֯ĸΣȷָ֤֤ʾȥɱ
ǿŭĳ嶯һһҸղ˵үүľҲĺǷڼȹ
ž
ûлش
һ˳һֱֻ˵ذϣĻѡ
ڼжȹ
£ľֻһЦ




1510 ţѡͷ
ûԼĺڼȹ
ǵø磬λѹΪ̫ӵһұʱҲû
űٴݡ
طͷŻͷͨͷϳ֮Ӽһ㡣
죬Ķҡˡ
Ϊ֪Լĸ׾Բ鿪Ц
Ϊ֪үүμȻȥǸ֤ѾѲܹˣҲҵƿطΧ
塪
˴±״̬ûȥѵֻʱ칫ϵ
ͻĵ绰ѣһĭصһȻ󿴵ʾĺǸֻܵš
֣ϾȥǸ
Ͳȿڣȶࡣ
š
Ļش΢˿ղŻĶӲʶʱ񣬲ѡͷǶԼҶԣʲô¡
΢֮࣬ѵͬһδҪΣһΣȥŵǸһҪ¼ͼأÿ˵һ仰Ҫ˼ǡ
֣ס
ӦԼҲ뵽һ㡣
֮ʲôһʱ绰
ֶһ䣬Ȼ󲻵˵ʲôҶ˵绰
»Ͳû뿪칫ңڰ칫ǰȼһ֧̣֪Ŷĵ裬ַͨʽԼ侲
֧֮칫绰ͨ캣ֻš
磬ôð칫ҵ绰Ҵ绰
绰ͷ캣û𴲣֮󣬿ʾһţʶҪҶϣϳʾĺİ칫پЩ֡
ȥϢ֮󣬵һʱңʣӹɡ
磬ʲôѵҵѾˣ
캣ԣһȻ뵽Ҫ飬ʵ
үүȥź̸Ǹ
û캣֪ܿᴫᣬסġ
ʲʲô
绰ͷ캣͵ӣ˯ȫޣһŵ磬ʲôүүΪʲôҪȥǸ
ǻ֯εĸΣָʾȥ֤ݡ
ͷ˵гǰδеı
ǵģ
ȥǸϴľԣԶڶſڱط⣬ͨɱ̱ڵأ裡
ΪǰģǱġ
һ֮֮
ò˵ųǻħ캣ŷǷһСʱ֮鵽һ԰ıҵһʱ佫Ϣ㱨
ڻ㱨֮캣ӧҪһȥ
⵹캣෴Ĵ֮
Ҳ飬ˣҲù֮ŵǸϢˣҶ࿴ͬʱһҲ鷳
캣С̴úܾܾˡ
ĳûȥ˼캣ӧĿģܵѣ֮˵һ仰캣ʱ˵޷ȵľ档
֮⣬ҲϣԼҵһ汻˿
ǴĹԣҲԣ

԰10űڶסȥ깺ġ
ʵϣڶкüֹ֮԰10űȫΪ9űĴڡ
԰9űŰ۵ס
Ű۱Źź԰9űȻ̳С
ԴȻְۼ֮󣬱ӶѧУ¥ס԰9űҾڱۻᡣ
Ϊ˷㣬1.5ļ۸10űҵԼС
ط뿪֮ҶҹزӣѩȥڶסȻ¾ס԰9űط԰10űͺȾơ
һ棬ûкȾˣһ棬Ҳ֪һʱ̫ѹ̫ıҪ˵
ʵӡ֤طжϣͻص֮˺ȵһ׾ơ
˺һҹҲ˵һҹֱɢ
ʮʱڴϣûѣطڱ԰Ȼ¾˺Ȳ裬˿ҹƣ
Ϊ˯طڤ
߶ԣڤҪԶ˯߸ƣ
οطʵҹ˯ҲûжӰ졣
ˣط磬ʲôʱܹ
԰Ȼӹ¾Ĳ豭̲סʵ
ৣৣ
Ȼһڣ¾ҲԼͬĿͶط硣
ԭԽͳȵ졣طˡ
ʲô˼
Ȼ¾һ㶡
Ϊҽͷһİȫ뻻ȡϢˡ
طо˸һг񣬡ҼƽҲ

ٴطĻȻ¾ͳͳסˡ
ȻѾ֪طļƻҲ֪طĵڣ˿̻Ǳòᡣ
ǱϾҵ̫ӣл־ŵƣ
仰ǳط֮ڣǲǶطžԵΣѹͲš
ʦһλ
·Ϊӡ֤طĻƵģȻ¾ӾлعȻͳ¾ıڼ˾첽߽԰Ϲ㱨
Ӻ
طָʾȻ
Ҫ𴲣͵ͷϴ




1511 Բԣȡ
ط¥Եʱ˲ڴϣ˯ú죬졣
ʵϣѾܾûȵ˯ˡ
ҲڹȥһʱƵԵʡҲͲᵣĺͺ˼ˣ˯š
Ȼ
ÿȵڹȥʱȻ˯ãÿ춼جξѣҲֹһΡ
εԼϯ׵ķͥУױ龰ҲεԼȥ׵龰εױѺ̳龰
ÿһجξѣ౻߬еĸоǾġ
ͣ
طߵǰĴ͵ļͷ
ৣ
˯еͣȻѣɴ۾ֱضط磬һãȻ͵ѣʶδѡ
ӹ͵ʶųѣôˣ
ˡط˵
ţ
طĻ͵˯⵴Ȼ޴棬ͫ˲ŴüĿ֮ӿֳһĨŭʲô
ͷ͵Ǹطص

ͬǰȻ¾һ˲סˡ
ΪطΣԼĸջƽ£ûŵǸ
߰ɣ·¥һȥط״Цٴ͵ļͷ
ã
ʶص˵ͷ𽥱ȡ
û
Ǽ
Դط类뿪֮ͺȺԺӵܣѹƵ̧ͷ졢򲻻ݡ
֮⣬־Ϊϴྩַ㱻¼Ʒ
һ£ŵǸܲ
ط¥´ʱȻ¾ѾڴȺˡ
ͬʱȻ˾Ĵ·£ű
֮ǰѾ׼ҶΰʾԼúŵĿ֮Լ֮еʼջ֮ȥĲȥóأǸоȥһ㡣
ʵϣԣһǸĳ˵ɱҪԽܣ
ϾңСѬգڹٳĥ꣬źĳǸߵſʱƾǿԿԼ˿ȥƽ
Ȼ
ƽܿ챻ơ
ط硢͡Ȼ¾˶ڳ֮ı黹ǲܿƵһ䡣
ǷүӵУЩ߳壡

һٴǿѹסĵ裬ˣĿطϣãʦ
ûлشطֻޱؿ
͡Ȼ¾һº͵һƵؿǸо·˵Ҳн죿
طĳĬô˹İеϢ
ǿط缸˵ıʱһֵͷ˵ĳ嶯
գѹס˳嶯˵˴еĿģʦ̸̸
ԣ̸
ط翪ˣ̸֪Ը
ðɡ
ԣֻýΪ̫ӵ뽾ȥιһ£ʦҽǰ̸顣
£ֱؿط磬ϸ֮ǰļƻִУûἰࡢӣֻ˵飬ͳķʽⱻ»ӶתΪµ֤ݡ
ϴ
طޱ顣
ͼһϷʵĿ⿴·Сݳ
ʦΪһǸͬʱϣܹϢˡһ£ٴοڡ
ΪʲôҪҵǸʲôطʡ
ҲӦһ׷ѣҵıΪѳ֣Ҳ˵ѡ
СɲἰֶԸط顣
Ϊ뱻Ҫ׹Ԩĺڣ
ӦҵѵǸҵǸطɫ
ʦҴӦҪ󣬵֮ǰ˵ϣܹϢˣ£ǹȥĶԹһʹҶƽ£ô޵رԼ˼
ȵǸ̸ġط绺ڣӹɡ
ৣ
ٴطĻɫ΢΢һ䣬ط㿴˺üӣŵͷá
ͣԲӦ㡢㣬ܳŴԭҵΪ
һνĿͶͣͣӲؽ˵ǸͲԲĸдϡ
Ҳ࣬ҲŲ˴ֻװˮ
ͿóԲԣϷʵЦ⣬֪֮ٵĵǸҿɳܲ𡣡
ʦҲˣѲҵĵǸ
͵ĻϼЦݣ΢΢ǳ鴤ƾǿԿûз𣬶ǽĿͶط硣
ǾͲ̸ˣ߰ɡ
ط絭Ӧ˻֣ǸоһֻӬ
㡭
վûסطĳƺ˲㣬Ҳӿֳһ˿ŭ⣬ʦȷҪô
ȷ
طЦһȻʵŲ뿪Ҳϳȥ
ͣѵһ㶼֣
ܵطǿƣѡܿâתͣв
Ҳݡ
веŭ˲䱻ȼҪ쭣ֽĻ˻ȥ
ʦ֪͵ĸ־ԩ֣ܹ֮ɸΪ񲯣ҿʲô͵ĸ׳ԩѩ
հڳԼĳ룬ѡơ
͸׵飬˽֪Ļ㲻Ϸط
һΣûпڵطѡմ𸴡
⣬壬ǣɲԩһˣҲŹһˡԶڷ֮ϣ
طԴǣ쳹ϣȥҳ͸ǷΥɻһУָʾɱһ£Υ֯ͷɣӦĺ




1512  ץ
԰10ű֮ǰһ̸ͬԸԼĵǸǵһĻʱǱòᡣ
ɴ۾һŵؿط磬ȫһɻ⣺ѵһҲ˼͸־Ҫʯ٣
ܣ
һֱ̣Ʒͷ
Ϊؼǵãڸղţ͵Ǹ֤ں͵ĸܣܷӪ־
ѵſ־ƽ£
ţʶһ㡣
ȻҲ֪˭ţ־ûΥҪ㣬־ԶеĸӺͼ֣
ݵĳĬٴοˣٴἰԼĵƣ͹ԵƵǿ
ΪҺּôΪǿλ޴ǣ
طЦԴϴ뿪֮һֱڹע͸׵飬һصضѩ취еèȻһ

죬ֹ
һ̣֪ǰ黯ߣƾʲôҺּҷ
ƾһ
ƾոջõĻ֯εݣ
ûд𰸣ûʳڣֱضط磬ٴ˵ʦɱ˲ͷҪ˺Ƥ˫áһߣպϾⲻһϡΪ磬ڻģ
вңط΢΢۾
ֻѡȻطѣӦ֪һڻ޷죬ŻͷͨӳģھⶫأҼˣ
̬𽥱ǿӲΪ֪ͷǸûãǿӲû׼黹ת
Ҳ̸еļ֮һ
ৣৣৣৣ
Ȼⷬ͡Ȼ¾˵ɫʱһ䣡
Щ飬ǲֻʱδط飬ڸǹ۶Ϊʱ磬鵹ǿˣ
ʱطѸٿڣȲ˿ڵĻᣬҲ˱鲻ԵĻᣬǿơ
¿˱ƣ
ܵطǿƣʶ̸Ѿˣֱѡ˷ָ̫ӵǿơ
Ȼĸ֮ǰ˵ŵǸҪԣŬˣ޷ﵽĿģҲǿǾԻྩȥԼĸΣҳ
£ת׼ȥ
ô
ʱطٴͬһը죬ͣ˽Ų
㡭ʲô˼
ɲǼ䣬Ʊ죬ͷЩŵʵ
ԭȥɻ֯ŵĹԱȥץ㣬ڸıˡطӦֱĨɱȥϣ
㡭ʲô
ԣǹ̫ӵʧӰ٣׻
ְ㽻֯ĹԱ
طޱ˵ţһ´ɳվ
㡭ң
ɫ˲䣬ֱӼųȥ
Υ֯Ĺ涨ҵҵвң̤֯Ĺ涨Ϊ֯ĸΣΪβץ㣿
طһȣһ˲һ㣬ֱӳǰ

Ӱֻ֣ӡ
طһӣһץס·ӣӥСһ㣬ֱӽ
ৣ
ΪطҪԼ֣ŵɫ䣬鴤˽̱
šſң
ʶطֻץסԼδ֮˿ŭ
߲ˣʵʵţ
ط˵ţһǶһ㣬ֱӽǽǡ
ͨ
Ӧأһʹһ蹷һŭΪ֯ĸΣȻΥ֯Ĺ涨һͨ˶֣Ҫ㡭
ûĺУطֱͳֻ棬ͨյĵ绰صشᡣ
䲿ָʾ˺ָʾȥɱ֮󣬽صصңֿšвӻ֯涨ͷΪ
绰ͨطΪ˷ֹձ¶Լݣȿڣұݣ˵ΪԼľڴˣֽƣɻ֯ĹԱ԰10űߣ
ǣΣھ˹ȥ
绰ͷطĻ˲ʶԣϵ˻Ӧ
ط粻ٷϻֱӹҶ˵绰

طյĶԻطǸǿƵ̬Ȼ¾ˣֻΪЩ
ô
ǵģ
Ϊʵ̫ˣ
Ϊ̫ӵΪط类ϳģҪŰ裬ϽѵȺ׷طĴԺӵܲ˵ڷ֮󣬼ʵǸʵвţȫӷɡΪȻ̤ƽٲȻԼ˻ĵף
һ£ֻǲɵڣҲֽкá
οǶطĺ֪͹ϵã
Ȼ¾˶ԣеļй֮޲
һֻ̣ûѪҺ·Ҫȼһ㣬ͷһ飬޷ݵĳ죡
Ǽѹ֮󱬷ĳ죬Ƕˡ˱κĳ죡
㡭Ҵ绰
ҲطյĶԻʶԣһ˵ţһ߾ʧشӿڴֻҪ绰ȡ
ԡ
طûһһ俪ڣᶨɽǰӺҲҪץ㣡




1513 չ٣һ
⣡
طǿƵĻͷһһ㽫ֻ˦˳ȥ

ջĿⲻȥط磬ڴصԼŬ޷ĵĿֻţڵܵ绰ʱһֱڶ£˺üΡ
ʮ֮ŵܵĵ绰ط缸˵沦ͨ
̸ˣʲô
绰ͷѵ˵λĹһֱڵĵ绰˿̽ӵ绰ȿڣѯʽ
֣֡ǵûнҵĵǸҽҿѺ˵Ҫ֯ĹԱ
ܵеĲһЩҲָ˼ǣûᵽ̸ۣõǸͬʱץ˵ɿѺ
ৣ
ȻĻܵɫһ䡣
ȻҲû뵽Ȼ
֣Լǻ֯Σ޷죬ֱǿץסңҶڵϣ뿪
ۿܲϸ˵Ȼ֣֪Ӧ֯ӳ
ѵ绰
ܳһ£ľ
ȻԼӱѺһЩܵԤϣδţûʧȥǡ
Ϊ֯Σָʾˡɱ֤ǰ£ץ䲻ϳ򣬵ϸ˵Υ档
;Ĵпץﷸһ
ã
ЩػӦ
£˼־ţ˼ֵ̧ͷٻرطĿ⣺ҰҪͨ
ᡣط
û˵ʲôѸѵ֣Ҵᣬ˵ɡ
ãΣܡ
ĻڣԱݣܿ˿ûаδƶߵļӡ
ǸҲʶ㡣ط絭
ৣ
Ȼط仰ɫʱһ䣬طĿžȡ
Ȼû뵽ȻԼĸ˵
绰ͷܶû뵽
ܲδ𣬶ǼΣĸס
Ŷ˵ʲôطʡ
ΣҲ֪Ǹ˶ӵʲôðĵطҴǸһθĹµĻᡣ
ٴοڣΪӪѡطͷطһ档

һΣɵˡ
˵ǿܶԻֻеȵĻôܵصǸ˾ξˣ
ΪļУԼĸףδ˵
һζûУ
ô
طĻױ
ǸõĻǻҪ涨ͷʲô
طʣû˿ʴȡ
ԴˣӲʴȣ
ϰߡ
Լصģ뻪֯θΣǡ飬ܾԼͷ
෴зһڻĴغߣԼǰֱһţ
֮⣬͵ĸ־ƱػẬԩεУ
طĻ£һؿط磬Ǹо·ʣƾʲôôԼĸ׺ңѵһ㶼±ҵŭճɻҽô
ƾʲô
Ȼ¾ˣͣ鲻Խ߬ȭͷǷݼ޼
һ̣Ǹܵǹɽǵ꣬ᶨǵ

绰ͷྩ칫ҵܣֱڵøһ
ղ룬Դܲᣬʼ֮󣬻û˸ſ˵
ΪҪǣ޷طĻطͻ֯ȷ֤ݣ֤Υ֯涨ͷɣ
ΣҶΪղǺǹְԱΥ˹涨ͷɣճҲӦɼɲŽ롢飬Ȼƽزš
ݵĳĬٶȿڣͨطǿƵ̬ȣ׺ͽûϣʶ˶Σƽ뿪ȻٿûвȵĴʩ
Ҳ֪˵ĳ򣬵֪ջ֯涨ָʾߴˡɱˣȨץΥسɲ뻪ִ֯ͨҸҲеӦΣټطǿɣץľ˿ҡ

绰ͷһȻʶſ죬˵ʲô˻ȥطѾ˵ϣĥƤҲ޼£ܸıطľ
ϻ֯ĵ飡
룬һ䣬ĿΪ˷ֹ˵
£ܲػֱӹҶ˵绰
Ҫλ㱨飡
ཡཡ
عʱͲдæ
ζţȣҲûиı䱻طץ֯Աľ棡
Ǳһ㣬̱˵ϡ
£ıһ㱣ֻһͬξһ㣬Ĳʵ
ô
Сʱ֯ΧԱյָʾ
ǽ
ĿߣȻ̲סˣϵļδȥط磬ʵ̫ˣ
¾δڣҲһؿط磬ֻطʵµ̫Ưˡͷ֮նħ֣һǬ
ӣ˵ֵ֮䲻лҾͲ˵ллˡҰֳ֮үԷҼҡ
ͬʱͺۣжмؿط磬ڡ
á
طЦŵͷǰ͵ļ
Ͷʱһᣬˮܿƶ
ط״û˵ʲôֱóֻż˵沦ͨѩĵ绰
ѩ㣬ڶȥྩĸƱ߻Ʊҽȥྩ
绰ͨطȿڣš
á
ѩӦ
֪Լˣٴּչ֮ʣһӡ
뾩




1514 ڹ˽ΪΪ
ҹĻ٣ڰȡִأƹӳųʷ̵ྩɢҹŲ
ıһڷɵľྩžࡣ
ྩĺǽԺһɫʵĺԺġ
ϰ˵ʱӸλƶҵԨһ۶ը󣬴űģԺϻ£һȷ硣
һ̣ƽϴүûʲô
˵ʱһ۾ŰɫƤЬ߽Ժӡ
Ԩ飬ѾԨܶˣ˵ĹϵѾԽ¼ųķ£
ϣѩˡ
첽ߵԨǰػ㱨ûгƺԨְԨҪġʽϲְ
鷿
Ԩ˵ţ߽鷿
ͬؽһԨ鷿ƽʱ칫ĵطװпյյûд򿪡
յ˶岻ãǶ˵
ΪˣļྩȣԨ㼸յ
үү
Ӻһȹѩ鷿Ԩʺá
ɡ
ԨָָһԵɳѩ󣬲ŵѩ㣬֪ҵĿģӦø˵ҵ뷨̬ȡ
үүɲæġ
ѩƲƲ죬Ԩ㣬һСŮ̬ܴ
ʵϣѩֻǰ
һǰˣСбŻţܰίִ֧֮ķչÿһԼС
ΨһǣؽȰ˵£ͬѩطĻԼȡ֮
׿һ㣬ѩ˺źӵеɡ
Ŷ
ѩĻشԨеЩ⣬һɵؿѩ㣬Ϊʲô
үүһˣһ¡ѩһЦݣüĿ֮仹¶˼ֵ⡣
˭
Ԩȥ²⣬ֱʵ
֯θΡѩ㲻ӣҿյס
һΣԨûп
֮ͫ΢΢Ŵ󣬱ҲΪ֮һ䡣
һУֻΪ֪һɹطǲһˡ
֮⣬ҲԶָơ
ݵľȹԨһµʲôҿ϶Ҳûпֱֻؿѩ㣬ȴѩĻ
үүӦɻط絽ʲôϵ˵ǲһˣ
ѩЦøƻˣ߸ͷһֻСȸһ㣬Ҫǣط磡

ԨйĲ²⣬ҸղΪֿԺܴ󣬵ѩ׿֤ʵһ㣬Ǹе𾪡
ǡСӣһĺϷ
֮࣬ԨЦһ̲ס̾һȻʵӦú֮ǰ֪˰ɣ
ǿ϶ˣ֪ܲ𣿡ѩһ
ѩѾͷǵӡ
ԨЦãȻ΢΢ۣû´ĻҲˣҴҼĵʲô
үүϲ㣬ˣʮ֡
ѩ΢ЦŵͷȻʵ֪֪ͨǱ
á
Ԩͷͬ⣬ͬʱףĺԺȻɭϣӦһɱ֡̿ʹ´࣬Ҫסطǿߣܡ
ȻҲΪطݹڻĴΪǰᣬ򻻸˵Ļܸս뻪ģ㱻֯ˡ
һӺ鷿ű˴򿪣ֹˣٶȼ죬ûһ㡣
طԨ鷿Ƥߡ
үү
֮ͬǰѩһطԨ֮ʺá
ţСӿݰԨ΢΢ףЦ
үү֪ģҲɼطЩ˼˵
үүġ
һΣԨ㿪ڣѩվǶԨ˵һ䣬Ȼط磬ڳ㡣
á
طԨͬ
Ƕ֪ѩǹܿһ̸һЩ
ϾѩڳĻ̸һЩʱ򣬶ٻҪѩĸܡ
ɡ
ѩ뿪֮Ԩָָɳ
ط絹ҲֱɳϣȻǰˣ˵˴ĿģүүҲµҽҪ̸顣ҲͲˡҽվ̨
СӵһҲ
ԨЦҡҡͷȻȤشƤߵط磬ֱط˫Ϥ۾ʵңΪʲôҪ
һ˼壬Ҫƽ־Ϊ̽Ĵ֮һڷ¸ĹУûΥҲû캦飬ڼǰӱĵزҵгڿƼͶ룬ΪƼ˹ס
ҵңӦԩ
⽫Ϊι۵㣬ҲһԸΪҷչľҵҺġ
طһ£㻺ڣԴǵ˵
ڶзɣҪСҲãҲգΪĹͣΪ£Ȩ֮ΪΪȻ·ɣڷ֮ϣӦϳͣ
һ˼壬ҪƽзɣҪС
طĻԨ̲ס̾һδ̬
үүʰߣǽơ
ط״һοڣҲߣ־һףվ̨֧߲ΥΥ֤ͣȷ䣬Уģ
Сӣ˵öû˸飬ҲãϳҲգ˻ΪҰվ̨ͷ
ԨĬӣٴοڣûлӦط磬Ƿʡ
ڹΪΪְڣ˽ΪŮڻ֯θΣõĽұطݹػعҪĳЩ˵ͷһʱԼΪҺѩֻ񣡡
ط绺ڣ֮гױȵš
ǷţԨ㶯ݣҲ̲סӿֳһ⡣
طݿٴңõĽǿƹֵΣ
ûд𰸣˾




1515 ֮֮
ȷϢѱ֯ĹԱߣܵ飡
طԨ㽻̸뿪ҴԺʱϢڻȨȦ޴𶯡
Ȼߣ֤űʵģ
֮ΪӪһµҴ࣬£һô
ΪȻ֯ѾץˣǱԴһ鵽ף

֮࣬ᣬÿСȦӶ£˶һΪƪűʵģͬʱմ
ͬʱϹƪűδɾǳͣҵļƣѹǰ
й֪һȣϳͲ
ע
ڷǰٴҲȻνĻĵһٱؽܷɵƲã
ǹƽģϣزϲͬʱй־飬־һף

뻪ȦӲͬǼһߵ֧ϰͬʱҲǿҪʵص־İӣڡ
һʱ䣬ͬ˺򣬶־Ϊ˴ԩ
ָ֯ʾࡢɱδ졢һ£֤ȷ䣬ջ֯涨ദͬʱ֤ƽزţֽܷɵСƲã
ϣ֯ٷϢ֤ʵ߽ܵһ£ұ̬ȣ̬ȼǿơ
ڴڼ䣬ƶδһε绰صȥҴԺҹΣõĴֻһĿǰӰѾﵽ˲ڸǵĵزһ֯ҪϳͣѾǳˣҲԴٿר飬ֻܾ䣬ԲӦ䡣
ò˵ӸλƶҵΣźǿǰհԺԡڶһ磬ٿһר飬о־Ĵ
Ĺ񼫸ߣǼȫϯؽԨУһ֯;زŵĸϯ
ΪƻĻڱչصУֹ֯Ĺλᡣ
ڻϣȻ㱨ĵȻԴǵرָ̬ʾɱ֯ĸΣԻ֯ӵһ𰸼ڼ̤ͻ֯Ĺ涨ദ
ڹ㱨ͱ̬֮־ĸҲ鵱ڽ˻㱨ʾĿǰڵУûȷ֤֤־˺¹˾ΥӪȷΪ
㱨֮ڻ᳡Σɫˡ
˾޴ĺ䶯עȿǰΪҪ촦ãڣִĹƽǺͲ¼ɣһ
黷ڵУԨһ̬Ϊ𰸼ϵҸ˽齫𰸼ϲɶಿɵϵг飡
ͬԨͬ־飬ҽ˼ϵ顣ΪУֲҶ永ȷ֤֤ҶΥ桢ΥΪؽദϢ
ԨķԽ֮ؽҲڱ̬
Ҳ̷ԣΨһ⡣
Ρ
Һ˰Ϊ˱ӣûзֻۣǱʾ˰밴շɺع涨ദ
գһ£־ϲ飬زϵ飬ϵ鳤ĳλλĴеΣ밸ֱӹϵĲŸ˵θ鳤ϵ齫֮´רϽл㱨ȻоյĴϸʹڡ
ʱ죬ڻ֮زҪѹ
ɢ֮εһ뿪᳡ڵͬһ
ΪľѾյĴ
һСʱ֮󣬻֯زٴη˵˳ϵ鳹˰
ˣ
죡
֮󣬼пĻʿжϡ
ͨ˶ԣǲŸĲƸԴ۽硢ԶԶܹͨ޵ϢжϳһЩ
ʿԣͨڿŷֽ֮кãȻͳͳʾҪעȴ
ϣٴҴԺΡ
һΣûܽţֻת֣ӡ
ڶ죬־Ĺעֱ½
һ棬زɾ˴ű
ΪҪǣΪź󣬷۱ʱЧԣʶȵŵĳ̫ͨǿܶڷ֮֮Ժ󣬲ȥעˡ
ȶ֮յĽܶҲֻɨһֺۣ̽ͷ۵ͷûС
죬ڶרٿϵ㱨˵о˴ܹ
һ־ҵΥӪΪͷţ֮ǰðԱ𣬶ΥΥͰԱദ
ڶָʾࡢɱˡ˵Ϊȷʵڣ֤ȷ䡣֯ࡢдҳǷ˰йأزŰճ򡢹涨ͷɶ永д

˼壬зɡ
ڻ᳡Ԩ㣬յĴ֮ûɵطҴԺ˵Ļͬʱ̲סһһؽ
ذ֪Ǹϳؼҵִ꣬ߣ֮֮Уһ֪θ룿
һؽԨ̲סаԼ
ûд𰸡
ڴʱؽı飡




1516 аѹ
ɽҽԺסԺ¥ǼĲ
Ѿֱ֫Ҽھ֮󣬽й̶ͬľһڴϣ޷Ųӡ
ΪһߣϲӲƷڴ޷ֻֻĥʱ䡣
⡭ôܣ
Ĵ֮˴סˣϳŲš
ѧҵС䣬ûгǰʱڣḻ˾˽⼫ޣҪ˵Իĵֵ˽ˡ
ʶǻȨƵļ壬ҲѡңҲΪǰ
񣬵ˣĸױɱ֮ҷǵûжʵʩҪܷɵƲá
ֱ߸֪
顪
Ժ󣬲лع񣬲ͻȻײ
˲䱻ѣŤͷһȻԼ׵ĴӣҲڶݵĺĳԱ֮һ
СղŻ֯ȥݣ˵Υ֯Ĺ涨ͼɱ֯ĸΣݱˣ
Ĵӽ֮󣬽Ųδͣ£һ˵绰峤㱨һɣô죡
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۵Ŷ룬һһߴӿڴ֤˵ǻִ֯ĹԱϼָʾ顣ˣ޷߶ʶѶصϡ
⣬˵ȣ뿪
˵ͷֽĿͶĴӡ

ĴԣδȥһؿǸо·ʣô£
ûлشһ±Ƶڴϣһ
Ҳ֪ôһ£
Ϊ˱⸰ҵĺ󳾣֯ԣصңͷȴһ
ҲǻȨƵļô
ǸǺηʥ
ѵܹõһţƣ
ðһһɻ󣬵û˸󣬵ȴĽѶദ

ͬʱ
캣ճָʾϾ·һ԰ſڡ
ܹ34԰󷿣ȫͶʮÿһ涼ס֪
ڻĳ֮Ϊ˶ȨӰĵط֮һﶼͷס
캣үү֮һҲǻĳȨƵļ֮һ
үү֮ǰǰ֮һֶȥ
԰ſڣһ۾ѵȺʱ캣ִɫӵȥɣүү֡Ƕڵ㡣
õģ塣
캣ͷ뻨԰첽ȥ
ͬŵ캣СѬգԻĵľƼԶͬ˵ԡ
Ĵ֮ŵһƥ
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Ϊ֯ķ֣͵Ĺг䵱˰׵Ľɫ
һ£˵ˮ֮ˣүүңһþݡ
˵һ캣󷿵Ĵʱүү󡢸ĺλȫڳ
ǵɫѿ캣Ŀһֺɸֵĸо
үү֣塢塢С塣
캣״һʱʺãȻ󲻵˻ӦȲʵүүΪʲôǱδӰ𣿡
£
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ĺһջص캣޲һڹˣӾȻ˼ȥı˵飿
Ȼĺŭȣ캣һȻ󿴵˶һʶʲôһֱӹ˵ϣϴԡԲүү֡塢塢С壬ҡҸﴳˣ
ҲǲǱס
淢ĴȻûǣ㣬Ͳ鷳
ˣпܻӰ쵽ҡĳЩеӡ⣬ҲпܻǨŭң
캣Ļ£Ķ塢Сͳͳˣ֮оָ
λĻ캣жʱӿֳ˲ĸо½ĿͶԼĸס

캣עУĺ͵ߵ캣ԣ캣һͳ֣飬ҲΣƽʱ̲ܽϣûн̺Ըһܷͬ
ĺǳģݿƣ봦ֻܶסһЩ˵죬ұε鲨ҲǸһ
󿪿ˣ󣬵ҲǺ㣬һӹɵĸоϾǸСһҪ֣֮Ҳ棬ɨأӰ켫󣡡
֣Ըܳͷĺ̬
Ȼô˵ԴϺȣҽ֮죬Ϣȥָʾ
á
ĺ۽ǼһǺܸɴ
Ŷǻħ֮캣ֱŵ̱˵ϡ
ȻԼҲ̶û뵽үүͼǵҪһȣұ鲨
ӣϣܹΪ䣡
ĺվض캣˵
ûлش캣̱ڵϣһ㱡
ǰع֪ΪӪһʱϲΪ콵ƾĽ飬ҵƣչȭţһҵüгĿ࿴
˻ᣬδߵλã
Ȼ
ļƻŸոʵʩɴȵҪȸһסĳЩ˵죡
һУƻãĲʵһʱ޷źͽܣ
Уɴ۾ؿԼүүλҲһȷ޵ˣгɻ󣺾Ǹǻ֯ĸΣҲûкӵʱƾʲôң
ƾʲô
аѹ




1517 ⣬
֯Ȼܲ٣ֻдСèֻʵмԱΪĳԱΧԱ
ĳԱһɫߣġʵȱһɣΧǴعѡľӢҳ϶ûκ⣬ʵβ룬Ǳ鲼ȫÿһ䡣
ǰɽҽԺǻִ֯ĺĳԱ
մ԰10űطдߵǻ֯ΧԱǽ˻֯ڶİ´
Ϊ֯ڶԱ٣ԱԴ󣬰´ģ޷ȣλڽһĲ¥
˵ܲܶóԵķˣôԣ
ʱ򣬻֯´칫¥Ѷһƽͷ꽫һ˽һõ˵
ƽͷǻ֯ΧԱ˶ѶҪһͣͬʱҪȷȫ´Ӵˡ
ѡ񲻳ԡ
ƽͷ˵һ䣬Ȼתȥ
ȵȡ
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ѾˣָʾࡢӴˡɱ˵ķ֤ȷ䣬ɲѾڰƽͷޱ˵
ʲʲô
ٴƽͷĻı˲䣡
ΪӪһڹٳȻְֹ֪ԱǱĻǼɲŽдȻְһЩݣƽزš
ƽͷ˵ɲѾڰ֤Ҫζûбסǰ϶ˣ
·Ϊӡ֤жƵģƽͷ߳ѶңѶҵűƿ
֯´ĸˣɲŵ˽ȻһŰ׳µ˵鳤ˣҾͽˡ
õģ鷳Ѧˡ
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㡭Ҫȥģ
ʶؿʵް̫ӵİǿƣеֻǿֻš
ûлشɲŵĹԱֱӼ뿪
󣬼ɲŵ峤Ѧٴ֣ߴ˽ͳ칫¥Ŀϳ
Ҫôң
ϳ֮һĮǺڰ޳Ա̲סٴοʵ
ûлش𣬳˽Ļ˷ƨѹ֡
ѵҵҪڼȹ
һĻû뵽丸ܵڵ绰˵һУ̲סаԼ
ǡ
һ̡
иֳ𰸣Ȼһڣ˹ȥ

سǼǻ֪ļ֮һѺĶһЩԺյķˡ
ЩڱسǼ֮ǰͨسǿһʱ䣬ȷԺо
Ҳ˾򡪡취˾ְϡලγһĳ
־㱻Ѻسǿ
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ֻسǿ˲һ£ȥʮ겻ֹݣͷףݣƤƣ˿˿Ļʬ⡣
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ΪҪѹ
Ϊǰ׸ͺ춥˵ĴѺȥѶôʱζʲôλ޴ǣпܽεڼ
һУ˵ȴ֮⣬ʲôˡ
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ţ
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Ϊǹ̵ܽġ
ɻ־ŤͷſվĸˣǰĲṇ̀ܽĸˡ
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־ɻע£ĸٴοڣǺº֮ͣƵģڿ㣬ʰһ£ȥ

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ôؿš
áã
ʮӺ־Żعһ
ô
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ţοǱԩ
־ζ뿪ڽ֮ǰֻܻ룬ֻʵԸ
Ѷˣָˣ뿪ˡ
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ʮӺ־˿רĳ¡ƤЬںߵͬ£ſȥ
ڹȥʱǿĲԡõĵط½⣬Ҳǹְкܶɼ
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ף⡣
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ѡ
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־ӦһȻ˼̧ͣͷһĵ⣬ֱ۾ʹջĿ⡣

ſڣվڵ侯־ǰš
֣
־
⡣
ͺѵȺʱ־Щ

ڡ
־һȻֱͦ߳
͵ͣ½ŲʱһƵͻȻʻſڡ
ৣˢৣ
˲ԼͬؿȻ͸
ţ
ͬʱҲˣԭҵϣ¶һı飡
־ͷˣôܻᱻͷţ޷ңҲӦβŶ԰
ɴ۾˼ؿ־͸ˣϳŲš
ѵ
Ӧһ졣
ʻ˿Ժ¹ϡ
⣬硣
־߽߳
壬ǡ
ҲٵԶȱϯ




1518 ҫ
ſŹϣƵԺͣԴһ±Ƶ״̬
Ժ󣬲عһһҵؽѺ׼ʱƽȻȾյԺоٰ֮ճսسǼ
ΪʲôΪʲôһ
ǰĿɫĮǹվڵ侯̲ס
Ȼ
ʾ֭Ҳ벻־Ϊʲôᱻͷţ
֪ԼѾˣȴĽ֣֮
ͬʱ
⣬־ѽĿջء
־ûˡ
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־һͬϱߵսɱУձ־˶ȳ־սѣҲľˣ
ллллҡ
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֪Ĺϵȫ˵лл֣Ҳ֪ҪȳǺεȵļѡ
־㲻Ӧлҡ
ԣЦһȻһйϵǵĹϵҪллοЩûáҾ㣡
㣿
־ʱɵˣ֪Լû֮󣬵һӦ
ΪĽȦҲֻ
˵Ϊ
־ܲ𾪣
֣ǷӾȵ㡣
ͼ״ѹ˵ڼͽ
ΪԼĸûˣ
ΪԼطţƵֵܣ
СС磿
ԼӵĻ־ϵ𾪸Ũò˼ݡ
ΪļУطͷŻͷͨͷϳ˻ģ֮лع֮󣬱ץ˱߽ܵ顣
һ£ȫ޷طͨʲôʽ
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仰͵˵ģš
̫ˣ
С硣
־һŵעӣЦŵ˵ͷǰ˵ĻֲȻҪǣЩһֱطûΥӪ顣Сܹȳǰᡣ
СС絽ʲô
־һ˼⡣
֡
־˵ӣȵ˵ɡ
ͱ֪Լĸ־ʲôˡ
Ͷʱﲢ˵֮أطݻصǾܣܱĻ룡
á
־ͷеɻŨ
־ɻһͬżиȥ
֮ʹ븸طϲлع뵽ʲôóֻ΢ţѩ㷢һϢ

ྩҼԺྩ֪ĸ֮һش۱֮˵мС
ǰЩ꣬زȵʱѩྩϹ㡢һ߳й÷Ͷʡ
񷿼ۼѩ˴󲿷ַĵضεķֵྩҼԺ֮һ
عྩҼԺྩס
طһͬסڱѵõ˶ܰط绹Ǽѩĳŵûѩͻһ㣬ѩʽůط硣
ͽ־ؼҵʱطڳͣѩվһԴ֣һӣʲôҲﲻˡ
ϵʱܿΪȫ̽һŮ²˳
һУֻΪʮ֮ǰеľѧϰϣʮ֮һѧϰһ̽ڡ
㵽ŰɣϾͺˡ
ط翴ѩվһβӣ̲סЦ˵
㡣
ѩԣһ죬ûгȥʲôﲻˣҲطһ
һ
ֿƼ򵥣ʵദľ衣
Ӻطͣ˵ϣһò͡
ѩθڲãСϣӣһС࣬弦һһ
Ϊطͣԣζʳ
ӷϢѾˣڻؼҵ·ϡ
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طӹֻһ۱㿴ͷϢɩҺѾҰˣ·ӣҼҳԷ磿
ط룬ظȥ
Ϊϰףһ˴ӿ֮Ҫϴڵļ飬ĿΪɨ
ظ֮طûȥѩ΢ţǽֻݻѩ㡣
ѩӹֵֻȺжδĵϢ㿪
ϲԩѩ
壬ǣǲʱδ
ɩ䣬ɩӰ

ϢܹΪ࣬һ๧ϲ־ͷţǣͣһףǣѩ㡣
Ϊ͡Ҷ֮⣬ȺԺӵҲ֪ط硣
Ȼ֪飬Ҳ֪峤ԴǸ񼫸ߵĻȷԡ̬Ϊӵմ˼ᶨĻ
ԴΪȻȻرǵѩĹͣ
ɽҶΪȰүүվ̨̬Ҳ
ѩ㿴ЩϢ֮Ʋ˵ţȴ۷Źؿط磬Ŀг밮⡣
һԼ˵ҫȴǵһ
꿴꿴ϡ
ʵ֤ûдֵҲãҲգЩνĺŴ٣ԼЬʸûУ


1519 
־ͷţ
ϢѸײڶ֮ƴᣬ˾޴𶯡
ΪǸȦӣ鱳ʲôϵңطش֮ٴػ
һΣطߵ֪ʿ֮⣬ûΪұҪΪط硣
׼ȷ˵
˶Ϊ¼ֻһӣ𵽾õҺؼץסҵİѱһʹ޷мܣ
֮⣬ܶʶҺؼٶ֣ĳͷһźš
һʱ䣬ۡԲ
һУط粢֪飬Ҳġ
־죬طӦǰ־ıԼĸһͬ־ͺһٴơ
˴ȵ㣬ֻطһ˱ѣΪ˱ӣûؼңľԱ
طٶȻصྩҼԺѩѵõĶ硣
Ϊ֪Լݲõ̫ãᱩ¶
һ¶ĻȻû֮ǣաֻĺͻ֯
һѩһʱ䲢ࡣ
οѩҲкܶҪ
ڶһ磬ط뿪ྩҼԺסǰվꡢһͬ˳ǰ̩ɽ
Сʱط˵ִ̩ɽڵĳУȻһ֯ΧԱֱ̩ɽȥأ
ࡢӰָʾˡɱδ֤ȷ䣬Ǹ߹ĻѾ´˴
һ£Ѿطɱ֮⣬֯ᴦͬʱҪ׷ҵΣ
ʮһʱط˳˳ִ̩ɽͣ֯ΧԱͣȺ˲ǰء
Ϊλ̩ɽȺ֮䣬ûͨ·
С磬ϴ̩ɽ֮һɱ·죬Ѿӵ˳Խ۷ǿߵսϸţ
̩ɽС·ϣ̧ͷһ̩ɽۣ֮뵽ǳ𶯻ѧ֮սһǰƤط磬ɸ̾
ǰС磬֮·ǰ޹˺ߣ
Ҳǿڸ̾ͬʱڴ˵ȫϣ̤봫˵񾳵ˣǿɵżʶǿߵķء
Ŵʦ壬н죬֯һŬģ鳹׽һῼǱչһʱ䣬߻طݳ
طͷ˵ԼĴ㡣
ȻӵгԽ۷ǿߵսδΪֵǿˡ
ֻĵİţڰжչʱھִѧİ¹˹пܳһںڰҪʵǿߵĵزⳡսԱҪá
ⷽ棬ԼŰɡ
˵͹궼Ԥط֮·Ҳ⡣
طٶȵͷȻתƻ⣬ἰ˴֮УŴʦ壬ĻȻƲ飬ҧĸΪ
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΢΢ף˵Ŀġ
Сʱط˵ִء
ͬطжϵһ²ûΪࡢӵΪĵ෴ҳԱط֮ûбֳһغ;ηطĿź⡣
طɱ֧࣬ͨȫؿݣͽļƻܵӰ죡
Ρ䲿ݹ٣ʧԶӭ
ͨԱ˶α˶طĵ⣬طֻ֮մкط統˿
ֶܵܺӵ飬㶼֪˰ɣ״üͷʵ
֪֪ûá
޿ֵػӦţضط磬Ŀкκ⣬Ϊ
ʲô̬ȣ
һ޿ֵı飬䳰ȷһգŭ
䲿ô磬ʦֻҲûʹңļӣ
ɫһضա
ƻ֯ûнǻ֯
üͷµϢ˲ӿ
ҡ
ĿϢԼ̬ȣֻıչأҲͻ֯Ρ
Ϊʵֻǿ
οƻ֯ҵȨ
յ֤ݣ֮ܵǰ绰ֶδ֮Ҳ˵绰
겻ٷϻֱӳ˵⣬ǻܵࡢֶɱδʹ˵йأҪеѯʣ
ҵܼܵǰǸҴһ绰ûи˵Ҫȥɱ˵飬ֻһ㱨ڶݵķչ
·׼ֶӸҴ绰һ㱨ҵܵ顣Σشô
ܵԤıɱε飬Υ֯涨Ҳƻ֯Ȩʼӣ
ƣϢױͬһѳʵıΣգҾ㣬ùܺĺҪ𣬷򾰼Ҿҵİ
İɣΣҵܵ²ӣ˲޴飡
ӦȻͻȻʵˣΣ֯鵽ͷͨط𣿡
ȻĻطޱ飬ɫ΢΢һ䣬üͷʲô
ε飬ȻҵܵĸΪ˵ҲһΡ
һЦΪ˱ʾǸ⣬ԸΪ֯ͣɱط磬еΪ



1520 ƣʹQ
ৣ
ٴĻܵǹɱ⣬գɫһ䡣
ǵ̣Ȼһʱ֮Ҫͨɱطйߣ
طվǰ
Ϊ˱¶ɣա˶ûпȥط磬ͨؿطıͬƽĺ棬
ǻ֯鲻ģ㻹ǹܺĺɣԸҪٴˡ
ٴοˣɲơ
Σұ֤Һ󲻻ٴڻɱطС飬ҺҶǻѧһӣԸ⾡һ˿΢֮
Ц˵ôȻʵڶĹꡣ
ΪȻطͷŻͷͨĶѧʿط統Ӣۣƻĺͻ֯ط࿴չˡ
Ҳ˼ҴȷչҪԭ
طѾ飬пܳԩѩ㻹ǲҪĵúáüͷøˣֲܷ
ϾĿǰطûбժȻǻͷͨ
ֻҪطСûժͷͨҾͿɱôЦ

Զԡ
Ϊ߼˵Ļûκ⡣
պ޵뿪˵ʲôֲ֪˵ʲôá
طֵ̩ɽۣ֮ѧļ֤£һ֮սսһɱɱطֵܣΪӱӾγΪطֵܵѳͷԣ㲻Ҫѻ˵ôȻ
ʱط翪ˡ
֮󣬵һοڣ֮гżͬʱ̺ž棬⣬㣬СİʯͷԼĽš⻰طֵܶУպԩѩǿ򣬵̩ɽļ̯ϴˣ
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ͲעҪڻѧû伣ˣ
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֮һͷ׵ߣСĵܵӡ
ࡢӣֵڻѧ类ΪֵܣһȺܴ󣬵ֻһǿӶûУͣ۷ǿߵ
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֣ǵ취ʲô֮һôڻѧ㰡

һնĻ£ҲˣǿȥߣǸо޲൶ȥطһ⡣
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һָʾ˴ǰȥҪ顣һǸʾûã
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ǣ
һ̾Ϲ
Ӻףһ飬ĿĺȷͨǸͱ̬ɱط磬ҵıӻ֧֣άȫؿݡͽļƻ
ͬʱҲɱطйߣѧ֤һûû䡪ð֮ˣƱ֮

ͬʱ
طѾ߳أžͣȥ
ֱ̫ſˣΪҰ֧֣Ϳǻ֯𣿡
һߣһ֮ǰһУԽԽֱ̲סˡ
Щ޿ˣĿǰ˵ûжɡ
ɫѿҲߣ֯ǹһеðչ涨£Ϊһʱ߾ϳһһѧ
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طŲԶ٣ŤͷһԶȥңڣ󣬵ᶨ
ţ
աԣһ
һ̣طĻӡ֤ǰжϡ
õĽطʵݻعؽٴεأ




1521 ȣ
̫¶ʱΪ峤İͿͬһһҹڤ
ڤǿеҪĿ
ͿǵΪľǿ֮һڤȡ˯ܹõػָģ侫һܸѧ
ڤ֮󣬰Ϳȥ˸裬·Ȼ͡
һУ鷿
鷿ſڣһžѵȺʱ
ľǰͿֶӣͬʱҲǿ鱨ˡ
ְʱ̹עȫ̬ռйػ߻Ӱ쵽Ҫ鱨Ȼɸѡÿϰ˵׼ʱͿ㱨
壬Ļ֯棬ȷǸĻѼ뻪֯ҵθһְ
ľŰͿ鷿ػ㱨Ϊһ㣬Һѧ塪ңһͷ
ԼֶӵĻ㱨ͿüͷĬ
壬ǽô죿ҪǸĶ̬ô
ľ״ԥһ£ʳеɻ
Ϊ鱨ˣǼĺĳԱ֮һ֪ս֡ƿ˼塢ܴ̿Э飬ֽͬնɱ˳ĴǿͳͳӦС
뻪֯ľ˱仯
Ͼ֯ǿѧбΪһǿߵƻ˵ұ󻹴Żĵ־
һ£ɱ֯սҲսģ
ѲǵǸԣ׸սҹңҲǼʮǰǸƶ֮
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Ǹȣ𾪵ٶȸաչܹӰĸ֡
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ҲǼеܵĵĹҰԭ
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Ϳüͷɨľһۡ
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ΪսƶߵĿٴƿ˼峤˹ƿ˼ׯ԰桢̸
װĿҵѣȵʲô
ͬϴμʱһ˹鷿û̸ֱ£Ǳʾ˶Կ˵ء
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Ǹ쵰˻Ļ֯ҵθְһֱڻĵĻûɱüͷһƵ˵
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㵱ǸƶʱҲδ¹ǡǳʮ˵սõ֤
ڹȥЩǸҺѡǣֻΪ˻÷չĿռʱ䡣
񣬻ѾǿҪ˵£ˡֻҪǸǻģƱػǻ
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ģΪߺѧ֮սͨϵѧսĸҺͻĻ֯ģȺ׳գѹͲ֪֯Ƕôǿ£

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翭˵һΪƿ˼峤˹ܹܵĵı仯ǿ
û˿ҵ񣬻ȫΨһһڹҵȫҵĹң
Ļģ޼˿ҲȽƼоƬ5G캽աǵѾϳˣ
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ĬΣ˹ǿˣǰοһ¿Ȼżʵô˼ҪɱǸ쵰ļƻô
ܷҲڻľִмƻѹʵʩ
ҡҡͷԼսֵ̬ȣҪĵصȴȴǸ쵰뿪ģȻɱȻȻѾ˻֯սϲ¶棬ֻܰϡ
˵˹üͷȥܲ⣬æȻƿ˼ҲҪͷɿʹ̿˴ͷ󡣶һƻɹʵʩҺս־Իǰƿ˼Լ֤ƿ˼κһԱΪ¶ܵ˺
װѣÿʹ̿˻ͬͷô
ܿ˲䣬˹Ǻûʵ
װѣǻۣһ㲢ѡƨ
ѣһ˶ԣάκ档ѵϣһ᳢Űȥ˹ջǴӦ
лл㣬ҵѣҽһ⡣ҽӴ̿˿ʼóɱ֪ظɵǸ쵰ʱ򣬾ͲҪʲôˡ
΢Цűʾ˸лЦúܽƻҲգȰ˵Уתŵ³֮Ǹ˵еĻ֯ҪұǽԼһͬӦС֮⣬սֿںܶϸ̿˹ա
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˹ͷ֪̿ĵɱôս־ԻһʱƲĹϵ
ƿ˼Ҳ⣡
ֻǣ̿˻ͬô




1522 µĴϷ
ҹĻ٣̿˵ܾݵĹųǱһƬľ
ڰУΪ̿鱨˵ĺӥͬһڹųǱﴩ
˵ָ׼ȷһЩ
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죬ƿ˼彨ƻУǰǸ뿪ġ
ӥؽǢ̸̺ͽĬ㱨֮⣬ƿ˼廹ʾ߳ǿʵʩɱɵӰСһЩºǸ˵е˺ͻ֯ĻķһӦС
١ǵ
ĬһЦЦëȻ
ǵģ죬ƿ˼ֱǵɵƭӦ˵ս֣
ӥæͷ͵ЦǣΪƵͨԱͨƵ˹ֻϺᵽսֵʱA档һİƶļƻʵʩˣºʱǾԻƲϵ
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ΨˣſܹͬеգһӦУ
֮⣬һԴ黪طǸϵ䣡
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ӥԴҽط䵱Ҫɣһֱδи

ͬʱ·˹
Ϊ֯Сȣٴҹɫ˺ߵıȻ󲻵鷿￴Ĵϯ߿ڣԽΧǽԺУֱ˱
鷿ϯѸӦȵϢȵĽŲԶ㽫еһ¡
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ͬһȽ鷿ϯЦŵ٩
үүҼûˣһ˹¶ô㲻ӭôЦе˵һֻƻĺꡣ
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ȣװĺӣһ˵ˣΪΣС
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ŶЩСɪЪСһˣܻ顣ϯԣ˼ܿ뵽ʲô
үүҪϢ͸©طôԵ͸ĵһ
ȣֻ֯ʷļ֤ߣߣܹĸ
ϯԣͻȻЩࡣ
Բүүȱǣ
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ϯ߼״Щģ˲º࣬ͬʱüĿ֮¶ڴ
ΪǸһϷݣ
Ϸпܻᵼȫֱ仯ǰ




1523 ֮Ĳ
ӡȫĴŹ֮һҲȫ˿ڵڶĹңڻġ
Щ꣬ӡ÷չѸ٣һȺҪ׷ϺͳԽĵĿںţձԽ˦ԽԶ
Ϊӡ޷һҵȫҵֻڷͷרҩн
ң뻪ȫƶͬӡƶܴȫƸ伫ȲƽĹҴ
ӡӵȫ˺ʧѧͯͬʱӡҲӵ30̣λҲ10
ӡȣ˸ͣݻеĴ׸һߴ27Ĵ¥סլ¥173ף൱60㣬102ڣӰɾ600ӶɨǶסլ
ײʿö죬ƶߡﻧ洦ɼҲ˶ĺӶ
ʷϵӡսƵ
ֻ෱мֵܹȫΪ֮Ŀֻпغͷѧ
ش˵ԴڡŬӡ
ŬӡǹŴӡŽľСҹӡһ֣Ǽزľ䡣
ѧɴĦʦġ׽ΪӡŴѧĴ
ΪӡԹȫѧžĵλʶӡѡѧӵҪ
ڹȥһʱӡ
һΣǰӡͼѰѧӣʧ顪ȷСУ֮еѧڱ֮󣬵һʱ䱻ڡ
ڶΣǰӡĹ¶ԺתУûзǱѧӡ
ӡ
һΣûȥ͹¶Ժ׼ǰƶﻧѰѧӡ
һĻһҹ֪ĸԺͶ˴ĽǮԸԺߺӣΪṩúӺҳԼѡǷǰȥ䣬ͬĻӵļͥõһʽǮԮ
ʵӡײƶֻҪһǮܴ߿еĺӡǵĸĸǵһǳ⣬˵ӽǡ
һԺĹԱһض˵Ϊӡƶļͥÿ춼±Բһ˾ͿԽʡܶʳҲӡƶߺĵԵʣܶŮ͵˺
סǲṩʽ֧֡׼ȷ˵ΪѡеĺṩһԴȻΪֵܽṩѧԮΪĸĸṩʽ֧֣Խǽӵ¸绪ǿʱǵĺӣֻҪԸ⡣һ㣬㽻̸ʱ˵üͷ˵
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ڹȥʱ䣬Ϊ׻ƵѰѧӵ֮⣬о棬Ⱥȭ͹̩ȭʵ˲١

͵صԼ䣬ȫĵͶڤͬʱ
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ͷڵסһͷӲӵĳӢĸߴͣ˱ըԵ
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ǱˣǱ͢ɪ
ȫѧ֮УطܣԶʧȥұۡ
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һУɪԴһս󣬱ط֮ǣζɱط硣
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Ҫ֪İŮˣŮ
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ȻһУûĥɪ
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ط磬֣جοʼˣ
ҹĻ£ɪһɭɨһ۾Ƶ꣬Ȼһͬһʧںҹ֮С




1524 źҳ
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ǰĸԺԱסھƵ¥ԼסڶĿΪ˷ֹԼڤʱ򱻴š
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ǡȻһƷС
ɪԣ̲סЦˣж֮ǰصصϣһָƣѱ飬Ͷط顣
ֻΪ˻ţ˶ѡҲЦˣЦдԳ
ˣϻ˵ңǸ
ɪЦݣٴλص⣬ͬʱض·ҪǷѡ
ڼôһũǸũ¸绪ٹ
شúܸɴ࣬طҲȷȥ
ô
ɪɵض˺üӣȻͻȻڸǸϵҪȷĻǷʵ
֪ģطһǳСĵˡΪȷסԣҪڼ䣬ԷϵһóȻ绰ϵ£طɡ
˵鿴ȥ˿ѵӡ
ôũ֣˹ȥȷϡ
ɪЦδĻѣúܲңұ֤
ǸũС
ɪľ棬̹Ȼٴοڡ
Ȼ
һΡ
ֻ˵һ룬һΣȻɪɱȥ
ɪ˵һֱѡ
񣬻Լ𴩣ٷϻֱӳ֡
Ϊ˻ţ飬طĽ£ѡط統ձס
׷ط磬֤طһһ˵ֹһΪѡ׷ط磬Ⱳȷѡ
죬ڻźҳ֮ѡ˺ߡ
Ϊ
Ǹ׷꣬ûаǽԼˣ




1525 ʿΪ֪
ĳֺͻȻҲѸ͡
ΪͨɪɢɪעɪͷͬʱԼ״̬ѣҰд߶ڲҩ
˿̣ڲҩҩѾЧս˲ٶҲԽļޣͬһ˵ɪǰ

֮У˫̧˫ֻԲ˫絶ͬĥһ㣬ɪԴɱ
ȭռɱ
ɱ
һ̣ȭռɱУһ߶ȭѪطѪ׷ڣתͬһȼյĻ¯ɢաȵϢ
ţ
ͻȻ֣ɪһ
һ棬û뵽ΪеȻΪط磬ѡƴ
һ棬ͻȻƣе⡪ʵеĸǿ
Ȼ
ȹ龪ȣɪϾȫѧţʵǿ᲻˵ŷḻɱսܡ
ৣ
˲ľȹɪһΣͬзһ
ͻȻֵĿɱУɪѡ˶ܡ
ΪɪıѾõһضǿһΪ׼㣬ִӭ޷ӳǿս
ȻţˣҲɵǿһŴ̳ȵ׾Ѿ÷ǳСĽϧԼԼΪκ⣡
Ϊһ⣬ļƻ֮
žžž
̺ھ˫ּɪӶɪµĲӰ˿ձ
ã
һգͷһӿֳǿҵΣͬʱҲܵŨҵϢ

ʱɪһȣͬȥĵƵģȻֵ˻
ৣ
ɪڵ˲䣬ھӿȻӶΪһն

ֵն·пһӣһľ磬ͬһ㣬ϯ
͢ѧս֮ɱСսն
ΪɪŭˣɪսپһֱɱУ
ɪתΪһûӲҲûлӲնȭǿɱУδв˵ھת˲ͣ͡
Σʱ̣߾ȫУֹסΣȻͼɪղһ
Ȼ
ɪֵٶʵ̫ˣѹĻᡣ
飡
䣬ɪһֵնϣµھ˲䱬ͬһ㣬شݻھ
꣡
ĶϹ˲ըѪɽֿȾѪ׹档
ͨ
ͬʱɿµֱӽڵء
ۡ
֮³һѪɫ԰ֽ
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ɪԴûм֣վԭأӸ£·һ㿴ò˵ѡҸе⡣ͬʱҺܺ棬ʲôѡҳطǸ֣
شʦұģúܲң
ȾѪʣĿؿɪ
Ǻǣ̫߹úеĵλˡ
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۱֮ұҲˣûзҽУû˿ʹࡣ
෴һ̣Ц
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Ϊٵǵ绰ɪ޷ͨǵ绰ҵ£
쵰Ϊٵǵ绰Ҿûа취ͨҵǸô
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Ҳ˵úܲңļҲΪ㣬ϳ
û˿η壬һЦضɪΪشʦڰ˷ԣߣһ壡
Ὣ㵱ѣЦô
ɪԣŭЦЦ
شʦķȺ˸°ܽģ
ҲЦЦɪΪǣѡҳϵԭ򡪡еķУ׷شʦһ𣬾Ѿˣ
ţ
ٴĻϵЦݣɪûٶŭһɵؿ
һ̣һǧһɻĻǸ˵úпġ
⡭еЩ˼飡
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ɪٴͬʱаһһĨˣȻȻֱһͷײһԵĻ̳
ҪɪĻ˶ϣΪأѾ޷תھݻԼַֻ࣬ʽ

ʱɪξѣһŽڵϣãҵõ鱨֮ǰˣ
ر˫ۣҡ
ʿΪ֪
ҳϣɪûиܵĻᣡ




1526 ص㱩¶
¸绪λ̫ƽذǱ½ĵ죬Ҳʮôʮһ졣
¸绪450ӵ317.5ĺ̲ɽϪͺӹȣڹݺᣬɭïܣɫˡ
ϲ壬ٽ¸绪֮⣬УýΪڶ࣬Ȼ٣ֻмԭס
峿մӺƽ¶Դʱ¸绪һϿʮ֮ͯӭϦеϢ
ԻΪˡΪ굽ʮ겻ȡ
ǶȫؾϸѡѧӣҲ׻Ƶյĵһͽ䡢Ժӥѧ
֮⣬ǻҪѧϰѧϰݰʷȣʦʱ¿ʹ
׻˵Եÿп෽ΪˣֻвŬ䣬ܱǿ󡣡
ڲݵϣŶȣµеһӲݣڽ̵Ŷʮͯȴһյӣûаʦӡ
ʦΪʲôŬ䰡
Ļ䣬һ
һĺͯվȺǰ۵¶żɻ
ǻɽһ¶ĸһ֣ȻĳﵱСС
ԭҪ飬
ɺ⣬Ҳеô츳Ĵ˶̲ãαصССط䲻ô
Ϲ˵Сô֪ʦûŬ䣿
ɫһڣʦļӣѵ
Сʦ˵öԣӥʦʦ˽֮⣬ڱչ䣬ʦˣûбչء
ǣʦҲҪŬŶ
ȺΨһһŮЦ˵
ǸҶײΪʦӰСʱ
͵ط˫ֱ󣬰˵
ߣ
ʦ۸ˣ
Ⱥжʱ˲
۸ǲҲ԰ʦֻܳͽܣ˭˭
Ǻͯһ㣬ͷ
ţ
ʦͽܼ֣ʮͯ۷
һУֻΪڹȥʱ䡢ӥͼԶֹһθߺǣѧ츳ˣԺΪǿˡ
֮˵˵ط磬ΪΪطĿǰݻܹڣһʲô⣬ɺǱ¶طʵݣǾͲˡ
һ£Ƕδ¶ط磬˺棬ط®ɽĿ˶Ϊطĵӡ
ʦʦʲôʱﰡ
ʦҺʦ
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һ˷ܵ˵ţһȲط硣
Ψһ⡣

һΪʦĵӣ
£Сȭͷ۵¶䲻ļ㡣
䣬شʦպǡ
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Ϊǿ䡢Ժӥ˴ѧӥ̫ľګԣĲ㣬ˣ̵̬ܺϲͬ䴫ѧʱ򣬽졣
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ţ
ȻĻһȻ󿴵һڴģ֪طˡ
ʵϣҲط磬ֻǴߣҲоֹ֮УֻǲС
Ҳ֪شʦݻػģ뻪֯ҵθΡΪ˱⣬Ӱ죬һֱûϵ
ҡҡͷȻôһѣȻ뵽ʲô̲סüͷεִӡ֮󣬻ûϵңҲ֪ô
Ӧûҵʵѧӡڴ
ҲӦ˵һŶԡ
˵ţͻȻеĪĲͬʱڽ֮ǰϢϵ

һӡ¸绪Ŀͻϡ
ɪͷȲƽԣһļ
ļڵν͢ӳʱý͢鱨ԱռϢ༭ģ䡢ӥԵϸϣݡ䡢ѧʵȵȡ
֮󣬶˲徵Ѷĳҩ£ջ־ߣе֪µ¸绪ϣط粢ڡ
֪鱨֮ɪֱɱȻĺƱ¸绪
Ȼط粻ڵϣΪ˱⣬뾡ϵϣ°ߣ
١һս񾳺ڣսڡ
е֮ɪЦŷƽԣһĲм
ʵ֮ͬսһе޵дڣҲ͸ǿ˺ط硢˶ܹˣͳͳδ
еȻǼǰģƾȫѧжӥͼ˵ӡΪʵǿӥͻƻ۷壡
һ£ģѴ֮ӥͼԵ棬°ߣȻ󳹵ĸƻ
ͬʱ
طͬһྩɵĿͻͷȲ˫ۣ˯ʵڽڤ
Ŀĵأ¸绪




1527 ףѰ
Ϧ£Ⱦߵպͺ棬ˮһߣ¸绪Ϧ֣ӲӵһƬۼ
¸绪ʮͯһ䣬һ۵СһվﴭϢ
ȻԺûڴѧһһҲ
ǣĿǰڴ׶Ρ
ڽ򣬵ػĸ߶ȣѧҲһΣѧ֮·ߵøԶ
ԣԺǵѵǿȺʱ䶼Խǵļޡ
СǣȥҩԡһСʱȻԷ
һƣĺӣЩۺͲ̣ǵ׻ƵĳԣǵǵδǿѹסǷݲ̣˵
հţÿҪҩԡķʽƣָͣܣҲǸѧõķͬҲǺǮһַ
õģʦ
ӦǳŲԶ˹ȥ
Ѿվüˣصض֣¡
ôˣ
ܿµԣȿʵ
κ˶죬ΪطĹϵ˿µˣ̸ֱӿڣӥ˻سƺΪС㡣
ǰӡѰѧӣѾʧˡڸղţһ绰ĵ绰ͨһˣ򲻿΢΢üһص˵
ʧ죬ȷʵ⡣ֵϵô˵ԣҲʶܳˣȻʵ
Ҵͨĵ绰ͽŸ绰׼㱨飬ĵ绰ػ
·ɿ˵ֽϵ˹ڣ֪ѳɻ¸绪ˣӦϰ˵㵽ϵҪŵ֮ˡ
Ǿ͵ȴֵ˵ɡ˵
ԭҲôģҴ翪ʼһֱ룬ҪҪתƵط֮ϣ˵ԼĽ顣
ãھȥ֪ͨӥͼԣ֯ʰ׼תơתƵĵص㣬
룬µ黹ǺбҪġ
ӥԡ˱иԵɽɽɡںͼطЩУҲҶˡ
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е֪ͨǵסѰӥԡ˵ʵ޷ºͺǵİȫ
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Щػޣ°й˹ûԼط˵ֹ򣬶мת˺ü֣ʮָӣ鱨ҲѲЩ޺͵ƤĻ˵˭
ص޵ʱ򣬺ҩԡ
ǣΪһЩͻڴҩԡ·Ҫ뿪
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ʦ̫ˣҪҩԡָ΢һ𣿡
ǰʦҶһɡ

һ죬ƣ˿ҩԡУ̹òˣѹԸ
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ǵĻ¹˲ôˣŤͷ˵
ã
ͷҲ֪ʱȣһ𣬰޵ҩԡأߴٺǴ·ϡ
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кӶ·ǰϵʱ䡢ӥͼҲˡ
С㣬תƵȥ
ӥͼ˶˵µ飬ʮͬ˿棬Կʵ
ºڣΣյĵطȫĵط˵Ӿ͵¸绪ˣתƵϣڴϵȴͬʱһУͻҲɼʱ㱨
˵ԼİţһͧͣھﲻԶĺߡ
ã
˶˵úеûκ顣
ৣ
Ȼ
һ̡
䡢ӥԺɫˢˢһ䡣
Ϊͬһʱ䣬ӦһµϢԶڼٸ
ôˣ
²ߣ޷Ӧ˵Ϣ˵ı仯еĲ˲ﵽ£ѿʵ
ˣһߣʵǿ
һĬԵӥڻӦ£ࡣ
䡢ԺȻûп鼫ء
ǵʵӥӥ˵ʵǿӥ֮ϣ

ӥĻӥһصı飬¶ʱԭأͬʱʶ˳˵Ŀ⿴ȥʲôû
ȴؿһ۵ɪͬһɫ磬ǰХȻھ뼺ʮⶸȻ١
١ͱˣ
֮ɪһߣһһЦɨµˡ
Ϧ£ɢǿΣյϢǵħҪ˼ո




1528 绪
ɪ
£䡢ӥͼԣͫ˲Ŵ󣬵һʱϳɪ
׷ط֮ǰϸ˽йطһУ¼йصˡ
˽طȫѧһʱɪϡ
ɪһѧطĴڣΪط¶ھĵʯ
ǰãطٸΪݿѵɪٶȹעɪɪģİ
䡢ӥͼ˶μȫѧɪ¡
ৣ
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ǶʮӣȻʶɪܸеɪܿ£ǵĿ˶⡣
ǲȥɪӶܿƵض
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˵ľٶɪüͷһûг֣˵
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Ϊ˱оǿ벽񾳵ǿڣҶ˳֣ƱسŭӵĺǣҲɣ
ΪҪǣΪȷԲܶ䡢ӥԺˣӰ쵽ƻ˱һ񱨸ҪҲҪɵ֣
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ۿɪûж֣°£һ˲µɪԼӥ˱ɵеľһЩ侯
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Ҳˣͬһɪ˼Ұط磬ͼɪ
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̫ͨʵûͨɪı֣жϳɪɵֻһͷ£ȴʬϲȹȥ
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ͼᵽط磬ɪŭЦһԹ޵˵⣬ҷѾ˼ҵߵĹȻͷң

ͼ˶ʱ֪λش
ΪǶɪѱ޳ͷԣΪ˸Ѿ׻ȥˣѹͲطıҲѾ˼ҵˡ
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⣡
˵ĻһҪƴļƣ´ľлعͷһеĲȻ޴棬ȡ֮Ǹж
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ǸԼ׷ˣһȺֵܡȫԸΪֻΪ˾Լ
ţ
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֮࣬ɪٴοˣ˵Ŀ⣬ͷ·ڸϡ
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׼۸ʦ
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۶źһᶨı飬Ȧһ죬һᣬ˲
Ǳء
Ϊ֪ɪѡֵĻҪȺ޹ĺҲҪᣡ
ǺǡȺСһɼΡ
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һ̣绪




1529 ռƻ
Ƿ绪ıӰоһʹû˵ʲôûǰ
ΪǶ֪ǰǸ绪Ůˣѡ񣬳Լ˵ط֮⣬ǲǣǺĶʮӡ
Ǹ޷ֹɪ£ֻѡ˵ɪʲôͬʱڴطܹ¾ȳ
ţ
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¸ңҲܴ
󣬵һ޾ߵɪǰɪޱ˵
߰ɡ
µȻѹûнɪĻ
ȻղŶ˵طܹȳѰоҪ£ɪĸƻȱط޴ΣյĻѡ˶ϣطա

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һĻͫһ
ûлӦɪЦɨһˣȻһץסµĲӣһһѸʧϦ¡
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µ񣬵ҲûˣҪǣô죿Կ˵
¸˵طֵ¸绪Ŀͻϣɻ˵ӵִ
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ϴ֮ɪֽ¶ڴȻԴϵĴˮ˵
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뵽Щǽеаѹȥ̰ɪָʾִǰ
ռƻҪɪ͵
ΪʲôҪȥɪȥʲôǶ֪飬Ҳʡ
ִ֮ɪóǵ绰ͨһ绰
÷ˣѾץסǸµӣҽ˴Сʱ󽫻ỻǰִСʱ󣬻ɹ½Ŀǰƻһ˳绰ͨɪȿ㱨
ԺڰĶ÷壬ɪֵüء
Ƿأν͢ӶӳԶԽ̻˹ʱй֮޲
Ϊƶƻ֮󣬵һȥҵǿ壬ܾˣȥҺڰᣬ÷Ϊļƻ൱ͬⵣδ˴μƻ֯ߣ֯뵽ƻС
ĳ˵÷ϣ
ο÷廹ʾȳɹ֮󣬽ںڰһ൱ְλ
֪֮ԣͬĸܲ÷أ
ܺã㰴ռƻ͵Ȼ˽㡣⣬Ǿ仰֪Իط֮ǣΪյĿģҪʣȸɵطǸϣԾŪǸʡ
÷ԣһϲûбֳٴɪ
÷ˣģҲȥǸʡϳ˰ûκһŮ˶ȻȸɵطǸ飬һὫŮ˶ҹܻᣬŪɪȻ˵
޷󣬽̻˹Ǹ϶Ὣһ˲ŸϳȥԻΪʧܵľڰὫΪҫ۵̨
÷˿ûԼǶɪϿɣҲǶԼطļƻеĪ˷ܡ
÷ˣлл
ɪȻ÷ںڰ̨ݣ룬Ҳлɱط磡

Сʱ
һྩ¸绪Ŀͻ׼ʱؽ¸绪ʻ
Ůʿǡǣӭ¸绪
ͻеͬʱս㶯ÿʱҪȡȷɻ֮ͣȡ˳»
ͷȲطóֻһ򿪣ֻʾĵ绰
ţ
֣طüͷһЩԾ
Ϊ׻Ƶֱϵĵ绰Ǳõġ
һ绰
䣿
ɻطͨ绰ȿȷݡ
ֵܣңˣ¸ղűɪǸ쵰ˡ
ڻӦ٬Ǹࡣ
ৣ
Ļطɫʱһ䣬ûдĻǾصȫ˵ꡣ
֪ˣڵϵҡ
㱨֮طıѾָ˻Ӧܵͳͬʱ۾
Ȼ֪ɪռƻʲôɪѾΪһʬ壡
ɱ




1530 Χ
طͨ󣬱ƽˮûһ
ͬÿһȡȻڿս΢ЦĻ뿪գŻȥ
ȫҡ鱨Աαװڸ䣬ȴطĳ֡
طΪȫѧһһˣѾǹʵݣΪ͸صעĶ󡪡Ͽͻһ𣬸͸鱨õϢ˰ţ¸绪ȴܻܲȡõϢ
Щ鱨ԱαװصúܾǱططˡ
Ȼ
طûЩ鱨ԱƵģɫƽش߳ڣȻһʿ뿪˻
ϣطܹؿŲ
Ϊˣ˾ھԶĵطͣ³Ȼаͬһ㣬ֱʧ˺ҹС
ˣȥ
طʧЩ׷ٵ鱨Աһʱ佫Ϣܲδָ
ϾطʵǾǿ׷٣ûܹȷɹ׷
οҹ
ʮӺطǰ¸绪·ͣ½Ųȷû˸֮óֻͨյĵ绰
¸绪ˣ绰ܿͨյȴ
ǵģ塣
طǻӦգȻ˵壬鷳Ҫҵһ¡
ʲô鷳
ԣͷûһطʵط˽⣬ܱطΪ鷳ԲС¡
͢ͽɪɱߵȻҵҵصĵص㣬£µʱȺ
طǽգȻһ侲ɪ֪޷ԸңпЩҡҲһɪ٣ܲܽΣɱҡ֮СѾеĻͰҲһ£һβĶЩңЩˡ
õģС硣
յһʱӦȻԥһ£ѵȻʶһ֣ǶԷȻҪɱǧܳ嶯⣬ԷȻ°£µʣٶڲΣա
š
طӦţȻʮֵǡ
ΪһŮˣŮˡ
ôܲǣ

Ͼŵӵʱ
ɪָĿĵأȻڻԵС
ĺͣһҺͧѵȺʱ
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ϣһӣɪµǴӭҽܣȻ˵Ұʦָʾǰ
ʦأ
ɪֽ¶һԣʵ
֪ʷµʦһǿߣҲƿ˼ǿػ֮һ
ƿ˼壬Ǵ˴θطƻĲ֮һ
ΪطŦԼĿбѵƿ˼ĵϰ̵ϰʣ
֮󣬵ϰƿ˼һλػΪطߵŮ¸绪ƿ˼ҫһα̤
һУƿ˼ط֮ǣ
Ϊˣڰϵƿ˼壬ƻʱƿ˼һļϣһʱѡ롣
ɪʦʦûѾָĵطˣǿߡʷӦͬʱжɪҲΪ
Ȼɪƻվţʦ֪ɪƻߣ
СʱִͧۿڣɪϰȻʷµĴ£ǰɼ
ɼǸǿ߻۵ĵص㣬ʷµʦѾȺˡ
ʱѾʷʦƿ˼ǿػ֮һʣصصȺɪɪڱȸɽׯһ档
ʴʦܸ˼
˫ɪһʱ̬ȼ乧
ʲǵǿ֮һƶĸƻеĹؼֵ𾴡
ɪʿˡ
ʼ΢Цȿڣа̾ɪǲ򵥡
طߵˣطÿطĳҶķûһȥ顣
ΪطЩңȫ򶥼ʵ̫ݣᱻЦɪΪط类뿪͢飬ᱻκ˱ġ
ΪؼǣûһˣɪһĻǣͨ˿ҵط˵䣬Ӷ˳ҵط˵صص㡣
࣬Ӧġ
ɪҡͷȻָָȻڻе£ʴʦΪ˷ֹ⣬ӽô
á
ʵͷͬɪ顣
֪ǸӡɵĻط磬һѲĶ֣ܹ漣û˿Ա֤طǷѾ֪ɪ٣
µĻطѾ֪ɪҲڰ״طǿ߸ϵΪǿߵſһֻһɱط硣
ʴʦ÷ʦܵ𣿡ۿʵͷɪֿʵ
ж֮ǰ÷ɵЭ飬ܹɹ½ٳ֣ôڰᡢ̿ˡӢĿ塢ƿ˼̩嶼뵽ƻС
֮⣬ս֣
Ҳǽֵصԭ򡪡ǻѧҪ飬սֽϽĵ뾳
ţڰ÷塢̿˵Ĭˣ춼˸ϵ
ٴεͷа̾⻹ȫ򶥼һȥԸһˣͨʵֶΣȫѧʷ϶亱
٣ܹ˶ǿ߳طǸҲ㹻ҫˣ
ɪԣд󶨣Цѡ
෽ƶطˣоҲ
һ̣Ȼˣкܶ˶źһ뷨
Ȼ
Ŀǰط绹š
Щͼıطˣڵڣǰ·ϣ
Ǻߣ




1531 ͳͳ֮
Ϊȫ˴֮һλɼıȸɽׯһһıߵҵ
ȸɽׯĻǿŵĻƽٰһЩᡢƻᡢ佱ȣʲƿ˼塣
峿ջĵ͸˱ȸһ䷿䡣
ڵϣ۾Ϊʱûм⣬һգֱܿˡ
ͬʱΪʱĻԣԴģһǣ˺ʹ
ţ
󣬵۵ʱ򣬺Ȼһźɫ꣬վڷ۷ŹضԼ
Ŀ¶Բİаδеš
֣þ²Զʷ΢΢Щȡ
ȹףǰŮӣһһաĺʣһŮ޷ӵе侲ݡ
ϾһŮ˿̵ΣѾʧ룬ʧС
һеͬʱʷ¶µŨң뵽ԼְʦʵķԸǿнǷѹ£ڴƻʵʩ㽫طɱ
һɪ˵Ҫ¶ҹܻᣬ±
֮ǰԾ£ֱΪֹ
ûʷĿеҲûȥ²ʷе뷨ѸվĿͶ⡣
ɼƿ˼ˣ
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ţ
ȻµĻʷ²һȻЩףΪʲôԳΪǸطŮˡţ㲻һ򵥵Ůˣһƿ
³ĬٴνĿͶ˴⣬ȻǰһС͹㳡㳡һܣˮ
С͹㳡յģһӰûС
һĻԿ϶Լڵⶰܶ峡ˡ
ûųȥǲܵ飬Ǹط㡣
ʷ¼״Ц˵Ļ뿪ⶰ
ǽҽٳֵɼʾƿ˼֮⣬սҲƻұɪٳ֣ɪڵЪǿĸӹ壬ôȻҲǲߡ
һ˼ͬʱֱضʷ۾˵Լƶϣͬʱͨʷ±仯ӡ֤ԼƶǷ׼ȷ֮⣬ڰᡢ̩̿ҲŹᡣ
ৣ
ٴµĻʷµɫʱͱˡ
˵֮ǰûоʧֻȵĻô˿̣ƶϳвƻֱˡһŮˣ
ıңҵжȷġʷµı仯¿϶Լжϡ
ò˵һǳŮˣǻΪ֮𾪡
ʷٴοˣµĿѷ˸ı䣬֮⣬޷εͣûжȷġңҿȷظ㣬Щƶ߻ԲƻҲ˵طǸһΪ˾ɣ
Ǻǡ
ԣвѣûбϣһЦãôֿɱ𣿡
𣿡
ʷһ
ΪҲ֪ƻбɻ
һ֣֮ط磬ǾԲΪ˾ԼŮģ
ǸŮŮˣӣ
һ̡
ʷµӿֳ𰸣ºȻˡ
ˣˡ
£аһȻһᶨþȫ˴
֪طһֺ֮ѡ񡪡طΣȡطƽҸ֮ж
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ʱʷξѣһΣ˲ӵһץסµĺ󾱣ӥСһ
㾹ȻΪ˲ۻطǸһѡɱ㰮úҵƤӵɱô
ʷµ£Ưȶ˵
ûлشֻüͷ
ʷ¼״ûзϻֱӽ¶˷ɳϣȻΪ˱鷳ֱӽ
һ²Ҫ˵ɱ¶һ¶ѣ
һУʷ²ŷĵڲԶ¡
ͬʷ˵һطЩжͳͳμƻҳҵΪƿ˼֮⣬ƶͳͳ
ʱΪǿߺͺڰ÷壬źڰĴϰ²ȸϵɼ
Ϊ˴ж֯ߣ÷Ҫȸϵӭǿߣͬʱָӡ
ڶϵɼ̩ƶأһǰĻĵܵܣʵ²£۷ǿߺ;ǿ֮䡣
صִȸɽׯһСʱΪƶߵİͿҲԼĵܵܰ˵ˡ
ִǴ̿˵Ĭˣͬһ£Ǵ̿˵һϣʵĽɭ֮ϣֻ̤˾ǿǶðɱֶεĻǿ߶ɵ
ˣս֮⣬в˴жƻͳͳִȸɽׯֻΪһͬĿꡣ
ɱط磡




1532 Ļǣһ򾡣
Ϧɽͷʱ򣬱ȸѾ׽ϣƿ˼ıڱ鲼ڻܣ𾯽䣬Ͻͨ˿
ȸһս֮⣬Ĵһá
ǣܸɼҼ档
÷ڻҵм䣬Ŀ⻷ܣĿƿ˼ػ߲ʵϣԭսֺƿ˼ˣҶսֵ˲¶棬ʴʦ˵ƻҳﱸģӦ֯ҿᡣ
ڻʽʼ֮ǰҽһ¡ţƻĳﻮɪʿ
˵÷ͣһ¡
ͬʱ˲ԼͬؽĿͶɪ
λʦá
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һ죬ɪʿҵң˵鵽˻طǸ˵٣ƶٳʱȻطļƻ
ɪ֮÷ٴοڵΪļƻͬ⸺ҲƻƻѾһ롣ɪ˳ؽٳ˻طǸϵŮˣǸŮ˴˿̾
ҪǣȽϢɢȥȻĵصȴطǸɵ
˵ǵļƻܼ򵥣ͬʱҲ˱Ǵ˿ҪоЩӦ
÷彫Ŀ˵ȻϣȻĿͶ˲ʣòʴʦ˵һսֵ̬ȡ
λʦղ÷ʦ˵սֲεļƻǵ˲ԻطǸƤӳ֡ȻЩڣҲòսֳ֡
ʽӹ÷ĻһһǽصɼԼսֲƻ
һطҪǰˣսֽɱɭ飬ʵʩץ
ڶǸµŮ˺ͻطһͷŻͨͷԣɪнٳ֣ȫѧҲûɲ顣Ҳžֻĺͻ֯Ŀԣ
һǻѧҪִµĻսֽȫΪɣϽ뾳ǼҪ뾳ĻսҲ˳ֵɣ
ΪЩͲ˵ˡڳܹЩ뵽
ʵĻ䣬ƶ߰Ϳ̲סˣҪ۵ֻ㡣һطֵĻô죿ڶǸǸ˵еʦˣô죿
Ϳʦڵһ⣬ش
÷ٴοˣһŵ˵ջطǸ·Ǻڰ˽⣬ؿԼŮȥ϶
¼֤һ㣡
ǸµŮͼɱҲӡ֤һ㡪ҲŻطǸϿ϶Ϊ˲ۻطǸϣͼѡɱ
÷ôһ˵ǰͿ˶ûп
ͬ÷˵ҲΪ϶Ԥеչط϶
Ҳǻԭ
Ϳʦشĵڶ⡣
һοڣڻشͿǸ˳Զ裬ǸνĻսֵĵ̻֣
ţ
ȻʵĻ÷塢Ĭĺڰƶߣǿ峤Ϳ峤ƶߣͳͳǰһϵǺ͵ǵȻ޴棡
ΪǶ֪ΪȫͷŴ˾¡úͿƼ֮⣬Ҳֲ
ʿеսֵ̣սʮƶߣΪսʷǿߡ˹
˹һγʮһɱһǿߣ
֮㳹ˡչأû֪ȥҲû֪жǿǿ֪λȫѧ˻ûҿ϶̤ͨ񾳵·
ķչһλҲҪ뱳ĵ̳֣һɱ
÷˲䣬֮ѡ֯ƻɱطֻһԭ򣬸ΪҪǣ뽫ط硢ͱһ򾡣
ʵϣҲе뷨
ط磬֣һɱ֣һ
ڸƶ߰ɿͬʱɪЦѣǸо·Ѿطĳ

ͬʱ
¸绪һִϡ
طѾ棬ûм뿪ô󣬶ڵյĵ绰
һĨϦ״ʧʱطڵȵյĵ绰
С磬µ鵽ˣɪٳͨˣɼıȸɽׯ绰ͨȿڣֱ⡣
ȸɽׯ
طüͷ΢΢һ
ﲢİ
һιȥѩ㣬ڱȸɽׯǿƽĵ̺ԻɱӶϰ״ӵ
壬Щε飿ɳĶʲôˣ
ݵطһѪʳ˹ؼ
ǻ֯鵽Ϣƿ˼塢塢ڰᡢ̿˺ȫɼ֣ңÿƶߴһ۷ǿߺ;ǿ֮ĸִֵ
յأŵǣ֮⣬ǽصѡȻǵõսֱ֧֣
ٴյĻطüͷĬ
С磬ĿǰϢһƵıɱ֣֮ʮգ˵ȥˣضȥ޻أ
ۿطĬԥһ£˵ԼĿͽ飬ĸݣҺ͹ζȥ֮⣬λҸ㣬Ϊµݺ⣬ʦͻ֯޷ϸѧҲ޷㡣
֪ˣлл㣬塣طڣʾл
С磬ô죿ԣһĵʵ
һûá
ط˵ţ̧ͷѱڰֵʺͺ棬ҵŮˣұ




1533 ȥ

绰ͷطĻȰ˵˻ȥһص̾Ϣ
Ϊ֪طżᶨ־ˣ׼飬ײǽҲǻѡǽײ
֮⣬Ҳ֪ط·񣬼ȥӪ£Ҳ³çжǻᾫĳﱸ
ĿǰΣһ޽֣֮ʶ̾ϢطΪһεɥ
յ̾Ϣطû˵ʲôĬĬعҶϵ绰̧ͷǶĺơ
Ʒ·һ޴ĻҹУסеǹ⣬˿˸еѹ֡
ʱ˾ĵдա
ֵܣϵϺУϺڵĸǰҪʱ̿ԻѱչصϷ
ʱͻȻһᶨؿˡ
ʵطһףҲյĻ֪ĿǰƷǳϾ֪طǰȥɣʶҪԼŵǿ߳֡
طֵܣҲϵҰ֣ҰȥүүҪʱ̫үɽ
ҲˣһľΪ˰ط磬ϧҪ뼧ҵĵ̳֡
Ҳһ
ӥԼظ̬ͣͬʮּᶨ
ֵǣǵĺˣ
˵Ļطѹֵһůҡҡͷܾ˵顣
Ϊʲôֵܣǣѣǰ㣬Ӧõģһʵ
ˣ±ߣвжΡӥٴοڣһ
ʵϣԴ±ɪ֮һֱھεУΪԼ䡢ûΪط籣£Ӷطǰδе
ԷصսְвˡһǱˣǻѧˣᱻϽһóȻǱĻսֽس֡ط˵ԭ
ɾ͸ɣǻвɣ
һ͸ɡı顣
ԺӥĬˡ
ǵƢûô𱬣Ҳûô嶯ҪһЩ
ȻǶԸⲻϧһд۰ط磬Ǳͺ˵ˡ
ϾϵһѧĴ
һ򲽽Ǳͬæط˵սֳ֣ͬʱطЩҲгֵĻǱĸ־Ҳ޷ƥУ
ҲУҲУô죿
ʱˣؼǵã֮ǰڵ绰ط磬ֻ֯Ķ޷ϸط
Լ취
طӦȻ仹˵ʲôּȥúǣԼһ˾һ
ֵܡ
䣬طֵ侲һ£Ҳ뵽취
һΣ佫Ļ˵ڣӥǰϣȻ˵ףĿǰطȳµĿԽΪ㣡

ط磬ɪЪŮϡţ㲻Ϊ֮ڵɼȸҡ֮Ҽ㣬Ů˻ᱻɼҹܻᱻ浽
һСʱɪԼⷢһϢ
Ϣһ˲䴫ȫ󶥼ʵȻ󲨡
ճط𽥱ɪϢٴø뵽ഫ˵ط磬ҲطٴƵ˷˿ڣ
ɪȫѧطܣҷһұۣ֮ĵܵܿطӢ׶ǰøΪط磬͢ٳֻطŮˣҪʵʩ
ɪѱ͢ʵûط磬ƾʲôʵʩ
ѵɪҪϻطô

һʱ䣬ۡ²׷ɣв֪Ѱ࣬Ҷһ鱨д̽
ֱӵӿ밵̳ð̳µļ¼
һμ¼طΧʱģ
̳ϣ˶ڵȣȽ֯ķأ̳֯
ڣ˵ĵȴУ֯ڰ̳һӡ
ɪٳ±Ȼطࡪɱ֣
ӵ֡
͢ͽɪٳ£Ѳ¾ɱ֣ȴط֡ȷϢĿǰ̿ˡڰᡢƿ˼塢Ӣ̩壬Ѳɱ֡
ңΪ˻ɱط磬һΣƶԲ롪̿˵Ĭˣڰ÷壬ƿ˼ػ߲ʣӢİͿ̩أȫѵִȸ
ǶǾǿߣÿһɻɱط磡
֮⣬ǻһʵ۷ǿߺ;ǿ֮ĸ֡
һ£ǻط¸ƶ߲ó֣ط綼ѻ뿪
ΪҪǣսҲвμƻǽϽֹѧ˽ǽصɼȸԭ
ǲ²⣬һɱֻ֣Ϊ˻ɱط磬пܻɱʹ˵еˣ
ӵݡ
ݵĺ棬֯صرע˸ƶߺǼʵ۷ǿߺ;ǿ֮ĸϢ
֯һֱȫ
̳˿˶淢ԡ
һɱ֣ط绹ȥӪŮô
ջط·ȻȥĿǰ˵һӣȥȥ
зԣۼ㣬γ𰸣طȥǵͷڹꣿ
һʱ䣬ȫٴνĿ۽ط磬ͬʱȴΨһĴ𰸽




1534 ֮
ɪٳ±Ȼط飬ȫ֮Ȼ󲨣ǵ֯ڰ̳ϸؽ¶νٳ¼ľı֮ǰδУͬʱҲ˾޴顣
׼ȷ˵ۡ
ܶΪطջѡۣ˵˸Եɣͼ˵Է
Դҹעطû˹ԣߣһ塪ҼţطһȥӪŮˣҲǣ
ǵһۣǶط֧ߡ
طǸүǣ¸ηƷʣε鲻ͬԼԲȥ
ǵڶۣԳǵۡ
֮⣬еۣط粻ܾȳŮˣ˵
ۣûκ飬Ͽһ㣡
ٸԣ͢
֪ɪٳµ鼰ľɱ֮ٴǰ̻˹Сá
һΣûڽ̻˹Сøڵķ￴ǵ}Ӱӡÿһȥ˹ῴɪվڴǰӰӡ
ӰӣежθɪҲľ顣
ԤгΪʵ
ɪɵĻ쵰
·ɪʱ򣬰ͣ½Ų뵽ǵԼ}ӰϤӢӣ̲סս˫֣һ䣬ż˹ڵСá
С˹֪Ǳɪٳ±طӰˣжϳûڽ￴ʥǺСⲽ
̻ʱ¡
ãͬһ˹
ˡ
˹ͣ½ŲĿͶؿһŭı顣
̻ʱ£ɪ쵰ʵ̫ˣôأ
Ȼֱӵ˹ŭɪֱǽ͢ĳ裡
Ҳû뵽飬Ѿڽ͢ˣǲеҡ˹̾˿˵
˵ûɪĵ顣
̻ʱ£ɪǸ쵰Ȼڽ͢ˣԽ͢Ӱ죬ҽ飬ǽ͢ϳɪߵ˵
֮ǰ˵Ѿǽ͢һԱˣûκɳͷڰᣡ
˹ͬЩջ𣬼Ϊɪ飬Ϊɪ͢ͷڰṴһ
Ĭ֪˹˵ʵ
һ򲽽ҳϳɪҲ޷ֹǸɱˡΪѾˣɪѲǹؼ˵пޡ
˹ֱŰ·𿴴˰ģͬʱѪܵ˵˲пʵ
̻ʱ£ܹ֧ô
ûΪĵܱҴߡţǼӵسϣͬʱʳԼ˹Ŀġ
С
˹ܸɴҡҡͷȻӸԸط磬ҴĽǶϣܹȥøǿӶΪպԸڰĹؼǣ̫ˣൽ͢⡣

ԣ̾˿
֮ǰ뵽һ㣬㹻׼˹˵𰸣ǸеĪʧ䡣
ˡǰ㣬ԲΪȥӪŮ˶ҳ෴Դסջ𡣡˹״˼
̻ʱ£û䣬ֻΪȻΪݿգôһΪǸµŮա
ҡҡͷȻ˵Լϣţ
ô
˹˵֣ȻͬһΪطȥӪµĻɣ

Ӣ׶
ݿ밲һ֪֮󣬷ظϵ˲鷿
ݿΪɣ
ݿ֮̾˿
ǵģס
ݿûзϣûԼĵǣüͷһҶ˽⣬϶ȥģô죿
ҲΪȥϣƽ֮⣬޷κΰ˵
طѲǸո¶ͷǵط磬ӢҲǸӢҡ
ӢҷǵѾ޷طκΰˣ֮ǰõطһһ
ƽô
ݿʳǡɻ
ݿҵĺӣҸΪȥӪǸµŮˣ⽫ΪĽѣ˵Լжϣӵظ𰸣дǳ
طӢҶԣһط£ӢҼбȻܵӰ죬ܿĴѹ
ô
ݿԣ۾һ죬һᣬ·Щ޷пʵ
ͼҳһ˵Լط粻£Ҳ
һΣû˵ʲôǰӵһݿķʽοݿ
ףҲ¡
ݿ˵ĺӣڸ׵Ļĵ˵
֪ܰ
̾˿֪˵Щʲô
ݿط粻ô
Լţ
Ϊݿҡͷ
Ϊʲôʶʵ
һĺӡݿˡ
ʲʲô
ֱӾԭء
װģϣܼ˵͵Ϊǵĺӣ
ݿ뿪ײĻ뵽طٸԵ´뵽Լûа£˲
ϣԼطٸԵ𣬸ϣĺԶְ֣




1535 طҪƾ
峿ճƽ֮󣬰·˹صľʼһĹοǿʼһС
ͬʱ䣬ͬ飬ÿÿһ嶼ͬﲻͬ
Ϊ֯Ļƶߵϯߣͬһù֮׼Ժȭ
ϰߣͬÿ϶ῴʷһδ
ţ
ϯǰŸԺӣȵϢԶ¿ЦͣվԺȴȡ
ȣҸ˵ЩϷû֮ǰҪȥ²⡢жϣڿϷʱúȤ
󣬾͵Ȳ֮ϯ߱Ц˵
Ȼ֪ԼıŮһΪط顣
֮ǰѾʹϯߣط絽׻ôƾ֣ҲֹһΡ
Ȼ
ϯԤϵǣһЦƺһҲ𰸣Ҳûһ
ңһΣȷʵ벻ƾ֣׼ȷ˵ҲΪƾֵİ취ϯ̯̯֣һε˵
ƾ֡ˡ
㡭뵽ˣ
ϯһȵؿȣЩ˵
ΪԼ˵ƽϸطյóĽǣһ֣֮ط޷ƾ֣ɹȳ¡
֪ƾ֡
ͷһ˵
ܣ
ϯʶ˵ţе̬־Ƚ̫ˡ
³û׼Ļ֪ʲô
ߣүүұҪƾ֣Ȼ㲻ţҲûȤҾͲ˵ˡһȻת׼뿪
ȣװĺӣң֪ƾֵģУҪƾ֣
ϯԣһסȵȥ·Ƥʵ
̳ͨǷϢҪҽϵҵ֪ȡϵ
ͣȻգգ۾үүΪ֪ƾְ취ô
졭ң
ϯ۷Ź⣬һȲ˵
ʵ֪طҪƽ֣֮

ͬʱ
¸绪ҹ
ط䡢ӥԺ棬Ƕʮӻص¸绪˽ֵĺԺ׼ź뿪¸绪ǰġ
ʱֻڣкӶû˯
һ棬Ǽ˴˵еġʦʮּطӴ
һ棬ǶܵµİΣڴطܹɹ¾ȳ
ʦܹȳʦ𣿡
ĺԺ֮СգĴ۾ʵ
ĻȺӣ۰Ͱ͵ؿط磬ȴطĴ𸴡
ţʦܿͻǼˡ
ط΢ЦȻˣǶȥ˯ɣ绹ҪϷɻ
ʦ
ȶʮӶطĻû˿Ļɣϵĵ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬׷׻طȻ߽˷䡣
뺢ǲͬ䡢ԡӥȻ֪طļƻ֪ƻԺܸߣȻһǣ׷ֹ
õģһᰲȫؽ¾ȳ
һĻط΢΢һЦƽˮȴš
ֵܣĻͲ˵ˣǵȾƣ
ص˵ͷ˿ڡ
á
طˬشӦȻٷϻֱһ뿪ĺԺ
ɪʱֻ죬ֶԼļƻ
뿪ĺԺ֮طһƫƧĵط衯һδ뿪óֻͨһ绰
绰ѩ㣡
ι
绰˲ͨͲдѩ̺޷εĵǡ
Բѩ㡣
ط绺ڣ鸴ӡ
֪ѩѾ֪Լ飬ʼûϵԼ
ϵġģ෴֪ѩ㼫䵣ġӵ绰쳣õ֤
ûϵԼֻǲԼӶӰ쵽Լľ
ǾҪȥˡ
طĻѩĵ̾˿ʵ˴𰸡ô壬ôܲȥأ
Բ𡣡
طٴ˵֣ÿһֶоѹ֡
ԣȥӪȣѩ绰Ҫ
ø˵ԲΪ˵ʲô飬Ҷ֧㡣
ѩٴοڣɬһЦңҲǵһˡ
һΣطѡ˳Ĭ
׼ȷ˵֪λشѩ㡣
Ϊͬѩ˵ȷǵһˡ
ձٳ֣طðž޴ķȥӪȣѪϴձ磬ձԶض˳ϣ
±ٳֵȣҲ޷˵ǰȥӪȣճɹ£Ѫϴɽׯܺڰ֮˶
ݿҪȼ޸ʱҲðž޴Σǰ׶һ򵥡ֱķֹǳ飡

Ҳ㣬ҪôҲԤľһ֣š
ۿطĬѩٴοڣַ·شǧѹͷġ
һؼң
ط绺ڣӸ𸴡
£ѩ˵ʲôҶϵ绰ȻһŽŲȵס
ˡ
ɲǼ䣬ʣԽһͷĸޣǰĺڰ




1536 ȫĿ
ʱͬеˮ߬޷ֹš
֪ʱѹ
ڹȥʱַ̳ǷԱΪطǷȥӪ£ڰ̳졣
һʼӪ൱ʱţΪطȥȸɽׯʼ١
طǵûȥȸɽׯûκλӦЩ֮ǰ֧ط˿ʼҡˣд󲿷˶ıԼжϡ
ɪЪֻһˣطûڱȸûлӦ飬Щ֤ȥȸӪŮˣ
̳ĳһʼ㲻طȥӪµ˷һӡ
һΪ̳졢öһһ
ս֯˵һɱ֣ԻطԣǱ֣֮Ȼǲȥģ
ǰϾֻһΣŮ˿кֻܶҪǸ׳գͲΪһŮȥ
ЩһʼΪط粻ȥˣǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ӵԡ
ַʽ֤ԼжȷģͬʱҲԼĻǡ
ᶨΪȥӪµˣԼĿֱӱɹ
ͬʱȫĿⶼ۽ϣҷ׷ǰɼԱܹõһϢ
һЩĹؼǰ֤ʷʱ̡
ǿطȫĸֻᷢ仯һѧ罫١
Ϊط磬չֳ˼ǿѧ츳սһһ죬ŴѧЩȶѷɫɳƱػΪѧѹҺ͸ͷ
Ҳ뿴˵еǷ˴¼Ƿ˵еǿ
һУ±ȸɽׯıȸƵ꣬ΪƵ귿ر㱻ա

ҹɫŨΪȫ˴֮һıȸɽׯָľ
ȸƻͨ洦ɼѲߵƿ˼屣ڣǰĹ㳡ܶܿǵӰ
Ȼǳ壬Ҫط硪ǵʵһ㣬طӹǶ޷֡
ֻΪ˰ƿ˼ָʾ͹㳡ܽзֹ˴롣
ԶıȸƵ꣬һ䷿
һĿ࣬źɫͷ꣬վڴǰŵƻͨĻͿյĹ㳡ͬһһ
ǱˣǶ޸֯ǿˡ
ط̩ϺӾսʱ޸֯ĺĳԱзһͬǰս
һΣзȻʼҾƵľȣ̿ˡڰᡢձ̻ʡ֯һͬۿطı䡣
һսףطܹΪڰжд̣żȻҲһοʼط硣
ΪǷӣ֪ڰϼ¾ɱ֮зͬ£ִɼס˾ıȸƵꡣ
зˣطûҲûκλӦǲˡ
ţţͻȻջĿ⣬Ťͷϥз򣬿˵Լжϡ
Ǳɱ֣֮ǼȻˣǾ͵ȵȰɣʲôз͵ۣ˵
ã
ͷͬз飬Ҫȵһ̡
ͬʱƵһ䷿
Ϊ¼ǿ˵ĸ궡ڷȲ裬վһĿݵˡ
ǲ¼ˣСŸ궡ģ˴θŸ궡ǰΪ˷ֹⷢ
үǸطӦòˡ
ͻȻķ˵
飬ֻа׳ղŻѹû궡̧ͷڻص
үΪʲôҪЩɻ
Ϊ仰˵Ϊط϶пֵܳģʦҲп֣ܳ
궡˵ԼɣüĿ֮ڴҵжȷģǴսɱ⡣һսΪִѧ۷һսΪȫִ֮ʼ
ԭ˻Ȼ
ȻҵжǴģǶǲ¼Ҳһ¡ƿ˼飬صؽص㶨طҲãҲգĻպ϶ᱨƿ˼壡
궡ٴοڣо˸

ϣˣ˵ҵжϻ᲻ˣ
궡סͬһ䷿͢ʥŮΪطĿǰûҲûгʼԼжϵ׼ȷԣ̲סڳеϣʵ
ʥŮҲ޷ȷǷ
ϣҡҡͷȻ̾˿ϣҪ֡
ͷһʶʲô
š
ϣͷԺиֳطӰżϧһ޲ŲŵѧţպɾͲҲǽ͢ʼղϧһд£ԭ̫ϧˣ
𣿡
ϣĻĿʼаԼȴûд𰸡
밲ͬͬѾסȸƵݿ˿ûжҡĵжϣɼᶨΪطȻ֡
װģʵ
ݿվڴߣŵƻͨıȸ̲סԼ
ûд𰸣иֳһͷ
죬ȸһѪɫ




1537 
Զ³ǰ׵ʱסڱȸƵĿ˱𴲣ĿͶ˾Ƶ겻ԶıȸͻǰС㳡
ȫǣΪɪǷݽٳӡط벻ţжۡ
һ£طʱǲΪ˯ؼʱ̡
ʵϣҹʱ򣬸Ҳ˶š
ʱȫĹע͵ȴţ֪磬طûҲûжɪٳµκλӦ
һУøطԼǷ񻹻֣һʺš
طվ˲е̳һ죻˵վǴ˵ֹһ졪طĴ˵Ϊֹ
ʵ֤ǵжǵģطŮ֮ѡǰߣ
ͬʱ̳ЩһʼΪط粻ȥӪµǰӡ֤Լжϣϵ̳ۡ
ĻЩź֧طȥӪȵ˺ƣв˶ıӪʼΪطȷʵȥ
Ҳмط֧ߣȻѡ֧֣ҳûеޣô˵ѵͲ±𣿡
Ȼ
۸һ֣㱻ܶ˵Ŀˮûˡ
̳ųɵˣΪط粻ȥȸˣ
ǰ̳ˣЩǰסȸɽׯƵ꣬صصȴ֤ؼʱ̵ǣҲΪ
¼Ĳߡ÷ΪľǿǣҲסˡ
һʱ÷˼򵥵سһ֮ٴξۼڻһСͻңٿ顣
λĿǰطǸҲãҲգǶûҲûзκǲ֤ǲˣ
鿪ʼ֮󣬴̿˵ĸĬȳ˵еĻɣҲǻ۵⡣
ǶֵĻôú⡣Իط·Ʊػչ׺ݵı
Ӣƶ߰ͿĬ˵Ļ˵Լĵǣΰǻطֵ״ʦҲпܻǳ֣
Ĭ˺ͰͿĻ˵ı鶼΢΢һ䣬ء
ǶԣطıпɳܣҲطбĻǽǴȥ޴鷳ѣ
Ϊڳûκһظ˵Գһλǿߵŭ
Уƿ˼ĲʱΪء
Ϊǿߵƿ˼ǿػ֮һƿ˼ƶ˹ڡ
Ϊƻƿ˼ػȥ˹
طһڹ۱ôƿ˼ѣ
ҲҪʲô
ʱ䵱˴μƻ֯ߵĺڰ÷忪ˣüͷһ˼
ʲô
÷Ļ䣬˱ͬʡ
ӵҩԱڸһȻطǸϻν÷˵ԼĽ顣
鲻ڻʲô
һοڵ̩峤أطĺⲻڳÿһ١
ΪϺһսط粻ǿĸĪҲֻһˡ
ΪԶʹҲĳ裡
ζɱطϴˢ裡
Ҳ˵ƻ֮󣬵һʱӦԭ
ǵĳǸµŮˣҪʲôֻܴﶯ֡
÷˵ţȻĿͶ󷽵ɪɪʿ߻ģûкõ⣿
λʦ齻Ұɣھȥ
ɪӸ𸴣ţţҩһӣطǸȻ
ã
ɪĻ÷ڣ˶ܺɪôûһ˵ѯʣֻǴӦ
ɪٷϻֱ뿪ңǰѺµķ䡣
ϵ⿪ˣǰϷһͣͺܷḻţšϺġˮɳ߲ɳһڶûгԡ
ʵϣڹȥʱһֱûгԶֻǺ˵ˮ
Ϊطûг֣ĵóԲ¶ô
һĻʷüͷ
ûԶ˵״̬ǳ⡣
ʷµļƻطǷ֣޹󣬴ݲ¡ѹûطܹ£
£ȥɫ㲣Ȥ
ҵϣҪ֡ԳһЦ
Ů˽ĽǶڴطܹһսһ֣Լߣ֪⼸޷ʵ֣෴طǳ֣ųɾҪ
Ϊˣڹȥʱһֱط粻Ҫ֡
µĻʷüͷһҪ˵ʲôнŲ㽫ߵĻ˻ȥ
󣬷űƿɪƿ˼ı˽
ȫǺˣ࣬׳øСţһ
ɪʦǣ
һĻʷЩɻʵ
·
ɪ³֣ǻӦʷ£ƿ˼ı´
ǣɪʦ
˱֮ǰѾӵָʾ˿ɪĻ˵ɿѵԼ·ֻһڿ㡣
ţ
ͻһĻµͫ׶Ȼ˲õԤУ
ɪʦ˵ڻط֮ǰô
ʷʶΪɪҪƿ˼ıڶʲôʱЩˣ
ģһġ
ɪ˵ţȻһ˱ڵ˺£ȻվߣĿаؿ
ǣɪʦ
˱˲Ȼǰȥ˺µ·
һУûзҲ޷һ򶨡
ΪͨɪĻжϳɪҪͨԼһط磡
ʵӡ֤µжϡ
Ժ󣬵˱ڰɪָʾվڻֻµʱɪóֻһƬ¼һСƵ
һӺ
ƬƵ˰̳ͬʱɪһ仰
ط磬֣޻СʱСʱ㻹ûг֣ұ֤Ů˱ݲеƵȫվ
һ̳ٴηڣ
ɪ׳գһúܲң
Ӻ
֯ĹȿӺ˵һ仰
£ͨȸĵ·̲סаԼɼô




1538 ˣˣ
֪У̫ʼ䣬ʱĵ㣬ɪ޶ֻСʱˡ
޵٣ȸƵĶ¥ȱ
ȵҰѣԽȸͻǰС㳡һ
֯ȡ¼궡޸֯͢ʥŮӢҹݿڣסȸĸԱھȳ֡
Уȵһ鱨Աһӷ
Сʱ͵ʱˣǻط磬Ǹʦˡ
е飬Ҫ飬˭
ԭΪִܹ֤ѧ۷һսȴû뵽һˡ
ǰֱ˷ҵʱ䣬ǲӦġ

鱨Աڵ鲻۵
֮෴ǣȵڵһƬǶھصȴ
ȵ£Ϊطһ˻ô
ݰܿ챻ƣΪ¼ǿ˵ĸ궡ͻȻڳʵ
ৡ
궡⻰һڣΧİݿˣһЩ鱨ԱԼͬؽĿͶȣȴȵĻش
һУֻΪǽ֯С
Ϣͨ֯˵ڶûκһ˵һ
ʱǴ𰸡
һƽ˵δԤ⣬ûй¶طϵϢ
ȵĻشǿѯʵĸ궡ˣЩʧ
ȵ£˵սֵƶ߿ʹ˵еİ˹Ҳڱȸô
Ϊ޸֯ǿ˵İʧ֮࣬Ҳһ⡣
Ҫǽ֯⡢ϢôƳ˰һۡ
ֻǳں档ϾҺ;޸֯ûйϵɿҡҡͷ
ǽ֯˵սְвƻյϢսֵƶ߿ȷѾ˱ȸڰ˹
˵һЦãǿߵܹ̽ô

ԶԣɫЩѿ
Ϊղ˵Ϣʵ;޸֯жϣûȷϢ
ǻͨȫѧȻ涨߲öͨ˳֣ﷸУܹЭץЩײеﷸһ£ȫѧˡĻ֯޷飬ҪĻֻԸǰ
궡ȴо˸ٴοڣ˵Լжϣɱսֵĵɭһ֣սֵƶ߿ֽץɱô˵ʦһͬܳˡ
£궡ٴνĿͶȡ
Ҳˡ
һΣѡ˳ĬֻǾؿŻǰĹ㳡
һĻ˼طֵݿ֮⣬ڳ˶һΪط硢ʹ˵е˶ˡ
ͷǲδȥ
νƺӲġ
Ѿ˽ˣٶһСʱ
ͬʱ
ڻĸƶȴסˡ
һСʱˣطǸûκѶǸʦͬˣǵļƻʧˡ
ء̲סڣ֮ʧ
żڴΪܹɱط籨ѩޣϴˢ裬ͷȴǿջϲһ
ɪʿ㲻˵һܹûطǸô
Ϊ̿ƶߵĬҲˣûʧ̾һضɪ
ɪƻĲ߻ߣʱ˵棬ĵسŵطһ֡
ǸλʦǸ߹˻طǸֵ
Ĭ˵ʣɪɫЩѿǸȻˣҽһ
ô
÷忪ʵ
ھȥݲǸֵŮˣȻƵϣױһһʼҲԼŮ˱ݲ֮ڷŭ֮Ҳı⣬ֻʱܻһ㡣ɪ˵Լ񶾵ļƻ
Գԡ
÷ͷͬɪ顣
ԣûп
ǿݣʵĬɪ顣
÷Ļۿ˶û˵ɪٷϻֱ׼ļƻ֮ж
ʴʦɪ֮⣬ҽȥҿʦͨһ£սǱûϢϾսֵ鱨ǵĸӷطǸһǳ֣սֻһʱõϢ
͵ɪҴŵʱ÷ֽĿͶƿ˼Ĵʣ
˵һȷ˱ȸС
׼ȷ˵Դƻ֮һֱڻΪ⣬ʼûҲû÷˼档
Щ÷֪ġ
ĿǰûйǵκϢ
÷Ļ䣬һͻȻ
ſڣŶ룬˵ǰ
ʦ
ڳ˷׷к
ȻҶͬΪǿߣǾǿǿˣұǿҵ־ֵڳÿһȥء
Ǹղ۵һҲΪƻʧˡ
΢΢ףǻӦȻ˵ԼĿģصǣһ㣬Ͻй¶ҳϢ
ã
ԣɪȥʣѾΥ˵壬սǾԲйϸ𣬷ᱻ֡
ղŵĻ̬ȣҪԼսִժȥ
ɪԴͬʱҲ֪ûзԼ飬ʶֱͣ˻ҵš
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ʱĸ߿ƼͨѶͻȻ
ţ
ͻ˲˵ע⡣
ɪڣ˲ԼͬؽĿͶ˿
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ͷˣˣ
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ط磡
ֻһСʱʱ򣬵˶Ϊʱ򣬵ɪ׼˴ݲµʱ
ˡ
Ϧ£ɱ




1539 
ôһ
ѵô
طӰսֵĳԱ̲סаԼ
׼ȷ˵
طģ
˭ˣ
ӦսֳԱǿ
£˷ܵصȴŴ𰸡
÷Ҳ۷Ź⣬ϳż
Ǿ׼ôãʮһСʱΪƻʧܵʱ򣬽ˡ
ܲǼ
УĪɪˣ
ڻϵ˻ֱס˺
Ρһ˽˱ȸɽׯ
ȸɽׯڴսֵĳԱعӦ
ãǲҪţʱһ㱨
ԣжʱϲ
ΪԣǷɱط粢ҪҪҪɱϴˢսֺĳ裡
ǿ˶ƾ賬ǿսֳԱĻ㱨һʱ˷ܲѡ
λҲˣǸ쵰ˣ
Ҷϵ绰Ŀɨ÷ˣе˷ܣһаռƻ£ھ뿪㳡ȥץǸ˳֣˹ʦ֣ǳ⣬һΧ
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Ȼƿ˼ػ߲֮ǰ˵սֵĴ˵˹ǲҿ϶ֱ˿̲ųһ㡣
ǿ˹չؼʮ꣬ǰ벽񾳣ǸνҲδǰ˹Ķ֡
οһȺǿߣ
״û˵ʲôֱ뿪˻ңȻַɿ뿪˱ȸ֪
Ȼսֲƻ֪÷塢Ĭ˹ᣬսֺ󣬿νǼȵӣƷ
ͬʱȸƵ궥¥ľ
ϵ۰ˣҵ˿ɽׯڴˣڳ
һ鱨Աӵͬĵ绰Ǵ˼Ѫһվڲ

Ļ£ԭ԰ľȣͬһտĿˮһ㣬˲ڡ
㡭˵ǵô
ˣ
ʦҲ𣿡

һʱ䣬鱨Ա׷׿ڽȷϡ
궡¡ݿ˶̲סĿ翪ڵ鱨Ա
鱨ڵҪǿڶԷǶûаɽׯڴغ
ǧȷҵۿ˱ȸɽׯǺܿܿˣ
鱨Ա߸Դ˵Ǹо·ܹǰ֪Ϣһǳֵý飬ʦҲ֪Ƿˡҵֻͬһˣ
һˣ
ٴ鱨ԱĻжϳطڣ˶һ
ƺû˻ţҵᣡ
ϾۼȫļӵһȺµľǿߣһսڰã
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ΪӦһģʦӦǱڰ
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ͬʱһΪ¼ǿ˵ĸ궡̲ס̾ſϳ塣
궡һԵİܸӡ
Ӫ˵Ϊڰ޸֯ǿ˵δעΪˣ˿̣ҲòȷʵɼΡ
Ȱԣ͢ʥŮıӸӡ
ΪطӵεյֵܶеĽ¡
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ݿһĵǡ
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Ϧ£ıͬƽĺ棬ᶨȡ
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ڵķ䡣
ǡ汻¶ˣ˵ֵˣҲøˣȲ㣬һ
ʷͬطȷطֻһˣ֮࣬Ц
ţ
ʷµĻ¾ֱΪ̫żֱˤڵء
Ȼûˤʹ嵽ߣǰС㳡
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ΪʲôҪأ
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ͬʱĻ
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ǵԽطΧ׿һδӰطĹ㳡ûнҲ޷
οǶǵǿˣԲڰֱ
١ϣȻһѵΪһλǿʦӼ뻪֯ս־ͲҶô
֮࣬Ϊ̿ƶߵĬ̲סЦЦгɱ⡣
·Ϊ˻ӦĬ˵ĻƵģĻ£ԭտС㳡ֶһӰ

뿪ȸǽ˹㳡һıȻǶ߳ͬسɴһط磬һӰ
ˣ
һĻжϳطƻ֮⣬˶ӿֳһͷ
ô
طͣ½ŲĿ絶һɨ
Ϧ¡
û˿ľȺη壬еֻɭɱ⣡




1540 ߴߴ磬طĵƣ
ţ
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֮ǰϸ۲죬طߺ͹㳡ܶûˡ
˿̣طķӦЩ֡طһҲηȥ̡
֣ٶȽͬʱϸӦܣȷûǿ߱ط硣
׼ȷ˵
û뵽㾹ȻĸΪѣ
ȷطֻһ֮ھطʮ׵ĵطͣ˽Ųһضط磬ȵ
Ϊʲôطޱطʡ
ৣ
طĻش޿֣ÿı΢΢һ䣬ıø˲ӿֳɱ⣬ɱսֵĵɭͨ
һ㶼ܵսֵϳ͡ѵΪ˻Ļ֯ս־Ͳͷˣ
˵ɭƿ˼ҪɱңҷɱΥȫѧ˵Ĺ涨
طٶȿڣ˵쳹㳡ϿգͨǱǺǡôңսڰᡢ̿˵ȺڰᣬٳֵطŮˣֵʲôѵսֻ˵ҪڰΪô
ûã
ط쳹ʵǱȸƵȣǱȸжӿֳ֡
Ϊ˶֪Բڰʹ̿йϵ
١˭սֹڰʹ̿ˣ
ȻһЦһ㣬ǼսûκιϵҳȫΪ㣬ԭ˵
һΣطû˵
ѹûͨÿս⡪ղǷֻ˽¶սֳսɨأ֮⣬ȫѧº޷˵ӶΪȫѧƻĴȥ鷳
ˣϻ˵ʶȤĻֱӸҵսܲǵĵ飡
ٴοˣûѡ񵱳ɱط磬Ҫطߡ
һУֻΪطչֳʵѧ츳̫ˣ׼طȥ˿طͣӶõԼսҪһС
磬ط书֯ʵʵ˺ƻĵռսȵȡ
֮⣬ͨķʽƻӶֿɱ
Ҳأ
طڿ˼һֱӦ
ǿɲ㣡
ЦһҪ֡
ĻһӵĻӦ뵽ҼȻǱȻ׼ġҵĵƶ֪Ҫ֣Ͳºڣ
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һ̣ٴð֮ǰɻĵƵʲô
١㱳ʦͻ֯Żңңʦ˻ƻˣ
ͬҲЩɻ󣬵ûбֳЦҸ㣬Ҫ˵ֻһʦ˺ƻҲˣҲҵսֽܵ飡
ôȿȻٸңѡ񡣡
ط˵ţӿڴͳһ׼õıֻᣬֻһƵ
һУֻʮ֮Ŀ
ţ
һǵһʱֽסֻѸٲ鿴
ৣ
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ΪƵĻʾƿ˼峤˹ȾѪ󣬿ȥһһϢ
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㲻ῴô
ԿͻȻĿɱ⣬طȻ壬ĮӦ
˻~
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ȻлгһŶԿԾԲİף
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Уֵطʵģ
ҲڿƵ㣬սֵʲôְֻһ㣬ֵɱɪȻ£˹ƿ˻һ߱ʬ塪ҪҵĻҴѣ
һ̣طƵֻͨش˿ĶУΪ̫С޷û;
طĻ£ٴл˹ƿϡ
ӦǸµŮˣˣǾȥʾ˾ô
˹ƿֵغ仰
Ϊ˿طĻҲ
ƵȻֹ
㡭
ŭĿط磬˵ʲôԺһƬհס
ͨƵġģ԰ٷ֮ȷǸ˾˹ƿˣҲȫ֮һƿ˼ϵƶߣ
Ժŵ˵˹ƿһ仰û𶯣Ӷг𶯣ȫг𶯣
һ̫Ķ
ĳ˵˹ƿ˵Ȱ׹λҪ
˹ƿ˱طٳˣ
һ£ΪǿߵĿӵһžԼǿĴ࣬ҲЩܲˡڷŭͬʱҲЩ£֪ô¡
㲻żٺú룬ٸҴ𰸡
طٴοڣ赭д˵һ΢С¡
ΪͨķӦ֪ԼĶˡ
ߴߴ硣
˹ƿˣսѨ


1541 ƶתطЭ
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ͬʱȸƵ궥¥ǰжϳطƵ֮⣬˶һ¡
ǵԤ룬ط֮󣬻һʱ䱻ץɱ
һʼȷͬԤһܿˡ
Ȼ
ط綪һֻ֮󣬿˱ɵһ㣬վԭһ
ǵԤϣҲףطݸֻȻž˵ĶҲ˵طĵƣ
ֻﵽʲôΪʲôֻĶ֮˶ˣ
ݵ𾪹̲סʵ
Ҳڳ֮⣬˵
ৡ
˵Ļ£˵ĿⲻԼͬٴξۼϣĿгڴڴȸǽ
ڰ̳
˵ע£ȿˣƽû˿·ѲµƵġ
ʵȷˡ
طϵ˹ƿ˵Ϣʱµطٳ˹ƿˣƿ˼塢սͶ
ҲµطὫԼĳ뷢̳Ӷ֤ط±ٳʲôǹֵܡǰˡ
ȻȿطҪԭǣϢһؽȫΧ޴𶯣ʱƿ˼壬ᶼսּʩѹսȷ˹ƿ˵İȫ
ţ
ȻȵĻﲻ˵һʱЯıʼǱԣֱֻ½̳
Դ±ɪٳ֣µľɱֱ֮󣬰̳Ӹ߲£ܶ˶̳غ򣬵ȴ½չ
ڸղţطݳ֮󣬾ﲻ鱨ԱѾ¼̳Ϣˡ
ǷϢڰ̳˾޴𶯣ûмעǽעתصϡ
˿̣Ϊķٶһ仰ֽע·˰̳ϡ
ϵ۰طȻٳ˹ƿˣ
ܿ죬һƵ鱨ԱǴײһ㣬ھ
ҲڿƵ㣬սֵʲôְֻһ㣬ֵɱɪȻ£˹ƿ˻һ߱ʬ塪ҪҵĻҴѣ
ͬʱ˵㿪Ƶط˲쳹ȡ
֮֮

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ΪǼţƿ˼塢սᣬԲ˹ƿΪɥ
֮̾࣬ҲؿƵ̳Ϊ˰̳ȵӣ졢öԺܶࡣ
ЩԼǲıϣΪطһ壬ԭѳΪֵַ֮˾޴ı仯
ͬʱ
ȸв˴¼ƶߣӵ鱨˵ĵ绰֪طٳ˹ƿ˵顣
ͻ¼ֱӴеļƻҲǵɫü
ƿ˼ػߡΪ
ģطС֣Ҫ
ŭţſµɱ⡣
֮ǰطûʱڳ˶Щģط硢˻º󱨸Լûб˹ƿ˶е
ݲʵܲŭ
ʵŭ뵽ղӵϢƶߣоףεļƻҪ֮ˡЩС鱨Աжϳƿ˼塢ս˹ƿΪ¶ɥοǣ
ƻҪʧô
ͬʱɪ̲סԼϵ˷˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮ǲʣ˪һ㣬ֱˡ
ΪѾֳ˴𰸡
~
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ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ڳ˷׷׽ĿͶ˲ʡ
˵ע£óֻһȻʾĺƿ˼ׯ԰1ű룡
Ƕ˹ƿ˵ĸףҲƿ˼Ļƶߣ
ʴʦȡǸƻȻսһͬ˹ȳ
绰ͨͲﴫһͳӹɣصһ䣬Σȷ˹İȫ
ã
ֻشһ֣ȻҶ˵绰
Ȼʶƿ˼ƶߣûȷ˹İȫЩ
ԼҲһʱ˹ƿΣеǳ裡

󣬲һһȻҪ˵ϵ
Ȼ
ͨĵ绰ֻٴ
˲Ǳˣǿ
ʦӦ֪˹طǸСֽٳֵ˰ɣ
ʵһʱͨ绰ȿڡ
ףղûгַ֣Ѿ֪飬ǿѯʣͼȷϡ
š
һʱӦȻղŰ׹Ҵ绰ˣսֱ뽫˹ȳ
ղҲӵƿ˼ĵ绰Ҳ˼ʿڴ˿Ļ
ɪǸµŮ˴
ٷϻֱ˵Լİš
ͬԤϵһսֺܸɴѡطЭ
صᵽɪ¥ΪطƵľ档
˴֮⣬Ҫɱɪ



1542 ֱӳ֣
ȸ±ٳֵķ
ط֮±˴ǰǵضǰС㳡
Ϊʵĵӣʷ֪ƻʶ֮󣬱϶һʱ䱻ץɱ
ΪˣûֹվڴǰۿǴȵ֮¾֮࣬ݺݵشݲһ١
Ȼ
ķչûаԤĽУе֡
ģǸ׸˿ʦʲôΪʲôʦԴӿֻ֮󣬾һֱڽӴ绰Ǹ֣
ۿٴνӴ绰ʷ̲סֹһ䡣
ţ
ʷ»طȻȻһѵƾ֮
ǵģ
µиֳ𰸣ϵĵȥȡ֮޷Ƶļ
ڹȥʱΪһ֣֮ط˼пܻɥʶһֱط粻Ҫ
طˣΪ˾
ڸеͬʱǵǣ
ǷݵǣԴط֮һֱɤۡ
˿̣ķչûô⣬෴طŲΪ֪ĵƣöԷ
ֽȻķһִӵصõĸоܲ
飡
¼ͬʱһ죬űײɪɫ˽
ɪʦô£ΪʲôʦٳٲǸ֣
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Ȼûطٳ˹ƿ˵Ƶ֪طѾԤԴƶļƻۿҪɹˣͻȻ۶ӣ¹һ񣬶ҲʻҪԴ¥ǰȥ½
൱ѻ
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ҲãѻҲգΥʵ
÷ѾȷʾڰĴѾںڰᵣһҪְλЩΪǿߺƿ˼ռػߵĲʶԣֵһᣡ

ɪĻشʷЩ±ƣĿɿڴؿɪԼԤеɪƶļƻҪ֮ˣȻš
ǵģ
޷ط絽ƾʲôƽ֣֮
ɪʦʲô飿ʦΪʲôֱץ߸ɵǸҪȥʷٴοʵ
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֮ǰɪƵϵ·ѵˣƿ˼ı뿪֮ʷ¿ֻ£ֻܱ۸ܽ͵ܣ´·
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ҪɪһͬȥȻ뿭һ̸ͬνʣȳ˹ƿˡ
÷ûиȥڻĬһһ
ܿģɪʷ´߳˻
ʴʦҾͲȥ˰ɣɪڳ岼ʵ
µѾԿ϶ԼĲõļƻʧˣŸ궡¡Ⱥŷ޸ӡѵȻԸʧߵ̬ȥ
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ޱ˵ûиɪɪȥĿġ
ðɡ
ԲʵҪɪһ£ջǴӦңҲܾܾʵҪ
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ͬҲһĻûмǰѡԭصȴ
ô£
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֣ͬ
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Ƿ˹ҲὫŮ˽㣡
͵ط벼ʡɪʷºֻʮ׵ʱ򣬲ͻȻڣαװüǿơ
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Ȼ֪ٳ˹ƿˣţʻᱣİȫ
Ϊ֪ѾǺڰˣҪڰӡ
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ܣ

͵ɪţŲʿԱ޿ֵվԭأ㲻ͬʱһƿȻ
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طسɴһɪǰ˳ͬĲӬһ㣬һɪ
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ৣ
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޶ԣ
ɲǼ䣬ɪʶʲôƾսܣˡ
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飡
һ죬Ŀ֮£ɪطһķڵأ




1543 һƽһ
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ܵͨʵıʶԾ󣬵һʱѡ˶ʵطʵ̫󣬸޷㿪طһ
෴طһɪ̫ˣɪ˿Ѿһ߱ʬˡ
ʲʲô
ʷԭͱһɻ󣬽δ󣬴˿ֿſͲʵɪ֣Ͳʶûֹ˳ɵˡ
ΪԴ֮һУ֪ļƻ˵ԯޣ
޷ΪʲôԵŲʺͿ飬ЩԼǲǳ˻þ
þô
һԵ¼òѡ
˵֮ǰֻжط̵Ļôʱ˿̣Կ϶طȻõ˼ɵĵƶҲãҲգԲط
Ͳ˵ɫޱ۽ǼⶼڷطղŵΪҲڴǵ
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طޱ˵ţȻٶǰ
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طǰһŶɪϣھŷ˲佫ɪ÷飡
ۡ
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Ӻݺݵˤڵϣһҳ鴤ʧȥ󣬵˫۵ɵùԲϳŲġ
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Ϊɪٳµع⣬ǽ֯ع¼ľɱ֮۵ĵطǷȥӪ¡
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ȸ÷ȻվڴǰС㳡һУӵѿǸоȳԷʱһֻӻҪܣ
λҸΪҲбҪȥһˡ
ͻȻΪ˴μƻ֯ߵ÷壬ڴ˻ҵİȻǱ¶ʵϣǲƻڻϢȫ綼֪ˡǷѾûӰˡ
ǿԲ˼սֺƿ˼˳˼ƻҾطǸϵŮ˽Ǹļһȥʲô壿
̩أ̲סʵ൱ơ
Ϊ֮УԤе̫ʮʧ
أ̿˵ĬˡİͿͬʧơ
شʦڻش֮ǰһ⡣طǸϵŮ˱ȫؽǸȻǸ뿪һֺ
÷ûлش𣬷ʳһ⡣
裡

÷Ļһ£ءĬ˺ͰͿвӿֳ
Ȼƻǲ߻ģǶˣҴ
һ£Ǳط粻Ѵ֮ƾ֣⽫Ϊǵĳ裬ҲΪǸĳ裡
֮⣬ط·Ŵΰط֣³װȫ֮ط緽Ʊػڵб
Ƕ뵽ˣҾͲ˵ˡ
÷״֪Ĭ˶Լ˼ٴοڵǵģƿ˼սΪ˹ٳ֣òֹƻʣʲôϵ
÷壬˼ǣǳָɵǸ
Ĭԣһɱһ
Ϊ̿˵ƿ˼սûκεľη˵򲻵һֻΪŹͬĿģʱ֡
һҲƿ˼սΪɱҪܵĺ
ǵģǷɱǸº󶼻ᱨôΪʲôأֵĻٿǱⱻطǸ裬ΪЦ÷ܸɴص˵ͷ
ǣطǸƵз˾棬ʺͿôġͿüͷɡ
ǲҪˣǸһǿʦʦ棬ǻĻ֯ĸְ׿ƿ˼սֵز̸ǳɱǸ˺ƻľԻз񱨸
˵ԼĵǣƻϺһĶĪǿ˵صĻ
һУ˾޴Ӱƻļɵ
ûǴĻǸ˵ľ棬ָȫǿɱĵӡ֮ĵʵأ÷巴ʵ
˵Ǵ˳֣
Ĭһÿ˶һʵھǿߺ۷ǿ֮¡
ǵģɰ²ǳֻɱǸǸ˶޻˵ڻ֯ƻģߣѵֻǵǣǲܻ֣
÷ٴοڣǿƣڲʺͿˡţͻϢš鲢ûеô⡣ΪǸµʻСطǸϵĿȳǸŮˡǿڻɱ֮ƿ˼ͿǸŮȥ˹ƿˣ
һ򲽽˹ƿˣʲôϵѵǾͲᱻ𣿻ǱʱΪսֻЭǣ
ͬ÷飬Ǹ뿪
ٴ÷ĻĬ˵̬
Ҳͬ⡣
ͿĬƬ̣Ҳѡͬ⡣
µ¿⣬Ҳˣڰᡢ̿һߵڡ
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ءԥ̬ȣһһȥ
ãȥ
÷ԣδǿ󣬶ֱվȳŻȥ
ĬˡͿæϡ
ݵǾɱ


1544 Ԥϣһս
ι̵ĺΪ棬ι̵ĺҲΪ档
ĳУܴﵽԼʱǳ˳죬֮Եʱʱȡᷭ
˴Σֿɱطˡ
ΪŹͬĿ꣬ս֡ƿ˼塢壬˿ڰᡢ̿ĺڰˡ
˹ƿ˳֮սֺƿ˼ֹ˺ȥɱطˣһֻȳ˹ƿˡ
˿̣ڰᡢ̿˺Ϳֻɱȫ˹ƿ˵
÷߳ңݿڵʱ򣬺ڰĴϰ²ˡ̿˵ĳƶ߰Ϳĵܵܰ˺ƶصĵܵѽӵָʾصصȺ
²ˣ֮ɪѼڰᲢɱΪɣֽɱ
֮÷ȿڶ԰²´
ڰǴ˴μƻ֯ߣղ鲻Żȥʶͺڰʡ
õġ
²˺ܸɴشӦ
Ȼѵ֪طٳ˹ƿ˵ɻ÷ΪλѡɱʶȤûѯԵɡ
Ϊ÷ǺڰĶڰ²˲ڼִ֣Ҫ÷˿ѯʣǶ÷Ĳء
ο֪÷ȻľȻǵõ֧֣
ȻҼ԰²˵ʵɱǸûκ⣬ûоԵ顣ǵʱ⣬²˲ǸĬ˴ʦͿʦǵһ֣ͬͬɱ
·Ϊӡ֤²˵Ĳ²Ƶģ÷ٴνĿͶĬ˺ͰͿأ⣬²ֻҪ֣ͲʱȻʱǹͬסˣͬʱȰǣûɣ
ã
Ĭ˺ͰͿͷͬ⣬֪Ψˣǲһϵƣº֯ƻĻʵʩҲӦС
شʦ˿Բ֣ϣ㵽ʱܺһͲˡ
÷ֿ򲻲ɱƻأϾǻطǸϵĺֵܣɱطϵҲкôģô
á
ͬ÷顣
÷ԣٷϻһȣ߽ݣ˽
ͬʱ
ǰſڡ
طɱɪ֮󣬲δֱߵµԣǿһۣο͸£²õġ
Ϊ֪ʾԲ׽½
ĬɱɪʾǾʵĳ⣬Ҫʾ㹻ĳ⣡
ͬطжϵһ˿ûн½ط˼һؿڣ̬ȼ仰˵Ҫȷ˹ȫǰ£ŻὫŮ˽㡣
Ϊûе̸ʱ򡣡
ط罫ĿµջأתͶʣʡ
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ʺͿͬŭŨ
Ϊ˾ȳ˹ƿˣǲ֮ǰĺĬط統ǵɱɪط統ǣ
طһ֮ȴԽֲֻᡭ
⡭ܲŭ
ӦÿԸӦ֮ǰ˵Щ¥Ǻܿطѵ
㵣ǻ㶯֣
ΪǿߣʺͿ˵ӦҪطǿѲ÷˵ϢƶҲ֪÷¥ûж룬˿طôһ˵ʶʲô
Ǿûôطޱطʡ
ģǲǶ֡
һΣڵǿӸ𰸣ᶨš
ȻʶطĲ²пܳΪʵսֵĸˣҪֹ÷˲ѡ
οսֵĵֻ̣İ˹ڸ
ֻҪǰס÷塢ĬˡغͰͿˣʣµİ²ˡ˺Ҫط˵
ৣ
ٴطĻͲʲһ
ǵ̣Ȼط绰е˼ط²˵˶֣
ȷ
Ͳٴͬһ𾪵ؿط硣
Ƕ֪ǰٸԻɱ˿һλʵھǿߺ۷ǿ֮ĸ֡
Ǹ²ˡˡ˺˶ǰֻ̤ǿˡ
ǰ²˺ˣӵнӽǿߵʵƾǿ֮޵У
ǿǰ²˻еκһ֣ط綼޷ƥУֳĻطɣ
һ£ط羹Ȼ²˳֣ܲ𾪣
ȷ
ط΢΢ͷɴĻش𣬻ɱ˲䱬
ж֮ǰԤϵ˴ʱΣ˾
һսѪȾȸ㳡




1545 ԵˣǿɱУ
طĻشطһᶨı飬طǹɱ⣬ǿǲʣסˡ
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վڲʷ£ɵˡ
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һ̣ȿͲȻ÷Ѵ˴ӻ߳Ŀ׷طϡ
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찡÷ˣ
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ѵ벻ս֡ƿ˼Ը֣
ͬʱȸƵ궥¥ľЩȫ鱨Ա÷󣬷׷׾һֲ²õ˺ܶ˵ͬ
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Ϊǿ÷ڼƻʧ֮ǲͷ¶βóۣ㷴
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궡º;޸֯İǽĿͶȣȷ֮ͬǰһһƽؿǰĹ㳡·һжԤ֮С
ȲԶݿԭµģɤϡ
Щ鱨ԱĻΪʵһط罫ǳΣգ˵ɣ
ڱȸƵۿһеݿ룬οվڲ£
ܹز÷Ŀ̺ɱ⣬ܹܵ÷ϵĿɱǸоǿһȺԵħɱڵͷһ䣡
Ȼط֮ǰĻҲܵط֮еţеĵǱݿй֮޲
ⲢǶط粻Σһֳڱܵصǣ˵ʵڲϣطΪԼڴɥ
÷壬ʲô
µǵͬʱü÷ˣʵ
ȻΪطжȷģѡ֪ʡ
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Ƕ÷˿˼˹ƿ˵ս־еҲҪ÷塢ĬˡغͰͿ˲öط֡
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÷ָָɪʬ壬˵ʦͲʴʦҪ
÷壬ǻĻ֯ĸְһһǿʦȷҪ֣
ڣͬ÷˲ƿ˼ԸҪֶеҿɼǵãǸ˵ȫκһ˸ǿԴСѧ֣һήٸĴӪ֮⣬ƻĵ·ҲȻô
ʦʴʦϣֵҺĬˡءͿ֣²һ㹻ˡ÷һЦ
ȻԴ˵е˺ƻĺǼɵֳֻʵµ˳֡
ҵĵߡ
ԣٴοˣطԸͬ²ˡ˺˳ֲ֣һ仰
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ͬʱҲ޷ȷ˹ƿ˵İȫ
á
÷ܸɴͬ˿ҪȻĿͶ²ˣ²ˣ𣿿ʦǰǸϵ
õģҾʹϵһ书ͬǸҶһΪˣ
²ɭһЦȻĿͶط磬ɱ糱飬ӦøлʦĹ
ʣ˹ƿô
طûлӦ²ˣǿ˿Ͳˣ鿴ȥߡ
ţ
ȻطĻͲ˶һɵؿط磺㲻²˶ô
²ˣ֣
ͬʱ÷嵱ϣֱ´
ΪĻÿͲʸı
ৣ
һΣ²ûпֱʵжӦ÷塣
ֻһΣͬһһط磬ٶȿ쵽˼£

Ǻڰ¹˹ȭڤȭеĴɱ֮һٶȼ
ΪڰĴϣ²˲ʵǿ󣬶ԴҲǶ⡪÷뵽ġĵģҲ뵽ˣʶڿͲδڣûдлعʱٶȳ֣սپ
²˳֣Ͳ˶ûг
ΪǸղͬʱһϸڡϲ֪ʱһ˫ɫȭף
ʶѾ˴ս׼ղŵķŭʶαװģĿΪ԰²ˡ
·Ϊӡ֤Ͳ˵жƵģطԼɱİ²ӶȻվԭأŭضſͲʴʦΪлŵϣڿͰ²ϡ
һĻ÷Цѡ
ǿͲֹĻһʱ˿ûгĬ˰²˵ľٶ
ǣ²Ҳͬ뷨
١
²һЦݣǸо·Ѿط类еĳ
Цͬʱֱ˵طǰΪһնطı۰
ҪȷϵطһֱۣȻĥط磬սطϵ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
ʱ
ط綯ˣ
Ϧ£ͬһѵսѪ˲ڣھͬڵĽӷӿ㲻Ȼתȭ˳һ˴ǹӭɱİ²ˣһȭ
ѪУھӿȭӣ
ǹʽ
죡
Ե֮ǿɱУ




1546 Ĵǿߣ
طļƻ˴αȸɽׯ֮У˾ȳ֮⣬ҪѪȾȸɽׯӶٴ˷棡
ɱɪֻĵһҲɵġ
ɱ²ˡˡ˺ˣĵڶѶȺܴԳƵա
Ϊˣȸɽׯ֮ǰϸص˽˰²˵ϣ˵ʵȷ֪֪²˺֮ǿˣԶԼв
һ֮ϸļƻ
˿̣һжڰļƻִС
ǿſͲԼϷֳԼķŭ͵ǣˣȴ˾ҵ洫ȭףͬʱд߶غѪ֮ûҩ˲սǿɱС졯ȫƣ
Դͻƻ۷֮սԽ۷ǿ֮󣬵һζȫƣ
Ŀڰ²һսپ
ৣ
طͻȻð²˵ɫȻһ䣡
˼ΣյϢие˾ҵĲط̫ѾȭѾ޷кͱˡ
䡪
촫
طһȭа²˵ֵͬѾײһƾˡ
ɲǼ䣬˫ھͬʱͬɺһľ磬ȫ֡
꣡
ۡ
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ըð²һ٣ѪйھתطȭƲݺݵ˰²˵ؿϡ
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꣡
²ǰ߹Ӧ飬ؿ˲ݣһطȭͷСѪ̵Ѫ
ۡ
ͬʱµֱӽ²õɶѪ磬лƬ
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²˱طһȭɣˣֱʧȥս
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Ű²˻ȻȾѪѪɵӰЩԸ鱨Աͫ˲ɵùԲд˲˼飡
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԰ԣȻ˵Ŀսǰ²˵Ķ֣
궡ºͰȻٸԼ֤ǿƴ򱬿İɭɭʵ޷²Ტۡ
ǿܹɱɭԵֵ²ˣ
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ǣطϸΪ˽ȣһ̣ͫ׶ЩŴžӿֳ˼־ȡطүүϯԤĻҪǿ
Ψݿûоȣ˫໥߬ţǰһĻ֮߬û֮ǰôˡ
ڱȸƵս˶ԣλڱȸ㳡ˣей֮޲
Ϊսǣֱܹ۵ؿղһС
ΪҪǣǸ²˵ǿ
У²㲻Ͼǿ֮޵УҲϣǿ֮ǿ֮һ
ϣֻҪǿ߲֣˭һ˰²ˣ
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طˣ
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У÷ǵԲ۾Ǹо·Լ˻þ
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ôôǿ
У²ѪͬʱԲ۾һضط磡
޷źͽ
ΪղЩУûжȭǿɱСޱҲȭĴɱ֮һȫʩչǿܹ֮Ӳӵ˲ܹ࣬ӲӲеָطУһ޷شһսΪ㡭
ô

طʵжӦ
һȭɡ˰²֮ط粻ͣǳ𺳡㱵˲䣬һΣһŰˡɱȥ
Ϊڰᡢ̿˺ͿЭ飬µˣ÷֮ǰѹ⡣
Ϊˣ²˳ֵͬʱ̿˵ĳͰˡǰ˺üó׼
ˡطʵҪ٣ʶطֱ˰ˡ
趨ļƻҪᣬһɱˡȻٵˣѹͻСܶࡣ
Сģ
ۿ˰²˺û֣ͣŰˡɱͿ÷塢Ĭ˺ؼͬʱѡ
Σգ
ԭ֮еİˡҲξѣ˲䱻Ϣ֣
֮ʶƾսܺܿطһ²˶޷ֵطһȭӲطĹ
Ȼ
ˣ
ˡθһطֻӳצ״һץˡ
һץƼ򵥣ȴǡ׻ȭ֮еġצ֡
ţ
ʱطһӦһǿϢٳԼ

һ̡
Ϊ̿˳ϣΪǿ֮޵еط԰ˡֵĻᣬط緢һ
ɱ
̿˴йеİɱ֮һ
һǿ߶Ҫâ




1547 оգһ˫
벶ȸں
ط糯Űɱط米Ϯͼطһɱ
棬·һ̶
һ̣ûȥעѪɵİ²ˣضط磬ȴĽ

Σͻ֣ط粢δʧ㣬ʽ䣬Ȼץǰİˡٶȿ硣
˲δӦͻȻϮעطϡ
׼ȷ˵˿̵ȫУڶطɱ
Ȼ
ܰ˵ķӦƵѸ٣սܺǿ󣬵ջ޷طһץֻطһץµʱ΢΢ط޷ץԴ
飡
һ죬طһץ˰˵磬ָ̺ſµھֱӴ˰˵Ѫ֮Уץס˰˵ļιǣѪ˲ӿ

˲δԴУǻȻ˼ͷƣһΪһֽطš
һ̣ǱʨҧסĶһ㣬¶ˡ
ԽһֽǸü彣֮еɱ֮һٶȼ죬Ƕȵ꣬ھӿ£ǰһʯҲᱻһ
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طð˵ܣط缰ʱھܹĻɻط磬ط粻ҲҪˡ
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ۡ
ͬʱһѪˮѪˮмɺƬҳ鴤ٲȻѾˡ
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ۡ
ʱޱضһֱۣھٴαŷ˵Ǳڵһ㣬˲ķѣѪɡ
ɱˣð˱һѪ⣬ʬ޴棡
һУûмԡѪУȾѪɢűϢĿɭضվط磬𾪣Ǹо·ʣôģ

ͬʱ÷塢ĬˡأǿʣǿǰһĻסˡ
û뵽Σʱ̿Զ㿪ľһ̣û뵽طð˵ܣ˻ɱմﵽһ˫Ŀģ
ϾղһʱǶȡƾѣһľǿ߶δؿԶ㿪Ҫ˵ˡ
ǣԸղŵΣҲ޷ñã

ʵͽʷ£ͬľһվĿɿڴؿһУһ
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ڸղţΪط磬ɱ
һУŭ£
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ʲô
Ϊʲôɱ˰ˣ

ͬʱȸƵ궥¥ЩԸ鱨Ա㳡ϵһĻ𾪲ѡ
Ϊʵ̫޷ղһУ֪ʲô𺳣
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Ȼ궡µĻЩ鱨Աе𾪸Ũ
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һԣݿ˫Ȼ߬ţǰٴμСطԽǿ󣬱ԽˣطΣԽС
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طĿ⣬ͷ·ǶһζĿƵģڷŹ⣡
ΪѾط˽ˣطÿһεıֶеޣÿһζܸϲͷ·һ㣬̺ܣ鲻Խȥء
ƾһ֮ǿƻɱ²ˡ˺ˣǸµŮȥȫѧһҪĽ£
ͬĿɿڴ鲻Խؿڣ֪ڸڳˣ

ĻгɻдڴٴνĿͶǰĹ㳡


1548 Ӱն
ȸ㳡һƬš
̶˲䣬ط˰²ˣܿľһ̣ðˡ
һУ˵ԤϣҲ̫𺳣
²Ѿ˵ϡ
׼ȷ˵ˡͬʱ²˱ˤڵء
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ʵϣ˱˸ءľ඼طһȭˣ֮Լھʧأ¾˺ѣЩӽѣʧȥս˵пΪһˣ
ৣ
ͻȻһƿ
÷һֱ²ǰʵ²ˣоô
̫á
²ǿʹһڰƵҩֹѪˡ
һУվĿ⸴ӵؿŲԶط磬ŭʡ
ƺֱڣ޷ܣԼطһȭ˵Ĳпʵ
Ȼ
ŭҲãҲգʧȥսսطҾꡣ
ˣСһЩƤӺա
²˴ŲʣŲĿ⣬ѵ
ûнӻΪȻ
طһʼϷαװð²˵ģûһش²ˣǸղðˡܣԼľһ̣ա
Ƥӣò˵һ˾̾ѧţȹŴѧκһλܿϧ̫Ҳ̫ˡȥŻŵӹţ
ط磬俪ڣȻȻһѶ̵īа綬ѩƷʵ
һӹŴѧĶ̵ޱȣɶϣ࣬ɱ˲ȾѪ
ղţûжҪ̫ԸΪڴɱǰ£ɻɱط硣
طıǷӣ׼ȫɱط硣
һϰɣ
طĿɨǿ
һսҪɱ²ˣҪɱø־壬ͬʱҲ֮ͨսĥԼԱҵǿ

طղűֵúǿ󣬵ط仰ڳ֮⣬÷ˣǿͲٴ𾪲ѡ
ΪǶʵµ֮ɱʤϣһߣγһԶĸֵĻֻԡ߻
ΪԵ߶ԣѶȲһһڶô򵥣ǴڶҪӦ˵Ĺڶһֵʱһҵ©ûһ
֮⣬ǿղһȭ˰²ˣкܴȡɳɷ֣ľһ̣Ҳսĳɷ֣ʵսӦ֮¡
ο˿Ҫȫս
֮࣬ΪƶߵأɫЩӡ
ԭǴΧɱģմ˿̵ΪҲ룬ڽ͡޷ıĹ۵㡣
ڡ͵ĻʾͬʱҲ
ڽ͵Ļ嵱ڱ裬һսյĽΣ嶼ᱳڹ˴ս
һɱԣ
ؾҪҪĵֶܵԸʱطǿƵĻ̼ˣµͺһгŭɱ⡣
£Ѫ׷ڣھӿµͬɽ緢Ƶģױ
˲䣬㽫״̬ѣͬһѵħ񣬻ɢǿ˵Ϣ
ಣ
ŭٷϻһΣͬҵļһ㣬ٶȱ֮ǰɱط죡
Ȼ
һΣûֱӳ֣ͬһΧطߣһһӰ޷嵽һ
ţ
һĻ÷塢ءͿͲʼˣͫ˲С
ΪǶһʱҪʲô
Ӱն
̿ԹΪصʽ֮䣬ϢƾµٶȳӰԻˣõ޷ֱӶԵһɱ
Ǵ̿˴й֮ϵǿɱУҲ潻ֵĵƣ˷ʤͬʵ£޽Ĵڡ
һмҶٶҪ̫ߣ˵Ψǿſ
Ҳɱֽɭʹ̿˵ǿ˶޷ʩչԭ
˿ԣ
δǿ򣬵ƾ̿˴йĹ첽ٶȽﵽ˾ǿߵļ𣬹ʶ˹Ӱն
ҲΪǿ֮޵еԭ
١
ۿáӰնĬǷ˱ЦݣطĿ·ڿһˡ
Ȼö̵ȫ֣Ҷǿĵƣһսûκ
û
ͬʱطϲû¶˿ľš
Ϊƶ˻ɱ²ˡ˵ļƻط֮ǰϸ˽˵Ϣ֪ĵƣҲ뵽ڶԼʱơ
˿̣졢ǿɱСӰն򶨣ûóȻ֣ҲûжǱ˫ۣͬľһ㣬վԭأһ
ԲӦ䡣
ȻӰնһпƾµٶγӰԻ֣ܹͨطϢֵ˲䣬Ȼǻ춯ġ
һֱ̣ʱҲ¶ʱ
ȸɽׯ֮ǰĶۺƶĲԣ˿ϸִС
ৣ
ʱ
ƿȻһ׹ͻ֣նطĲ
ˣ


1549 ȡ֮ڵУ֮ڵ
죡
һ̣չֵ쾡¡
ƶ죬һԻĲӰҳҲ죬һնѩ׵ĵлһ׹⣬һ

֮пγһգһĵ磬ϯ˲佫ط֡
Ѹ͡һطûۣҲۣ룬ֻƾɱսӦԡ
ৣ
˵ע£嶯ˡ
ʱۣȻƣԴնɱ
ৣ
Ķ̵ʮȽն£⼸ط£˲佫ط·пһӣѪ
㿪һεһѪۡ
㿪ˣ
һĻ÷塢ءͿͲʼˣͫײɷŴüĿ֮ھȡ
ǺӰնǴ̿˴ֲɱУҲǵ졢µɱ֮һͬʵ£޽⡣
ǿʵ֮ϣӦһɱŶԡ
طֻǱ˼˶㲻ϣսûκӰ죬ǳɹܿһ
⡭ܲǾȣ
˵ֻǾȵĻΪ̿˵Ĭˣ
ڳ֮Уû˱ǿ
ȻʵԡӰնգȫٶȿȾǿߡ
һ£ԵһǿߣԷǸáӰնĻᣬգδؿԳɹ㿪ƽ⣡
˶ԣей֮޲û¶ϣû˶ֻ㱡
ž
һУֱһŲȵأ˲ˣȫطתΪĻᡣ
ò˵Ϊ̿˵ĳϣ̬ѣҽɱַģϸִУɱֵĵ䷶
ͬʱط͵˫ۣؿˣףԼ֮ǰжǶԵģ֮ǿѶԸģʵСĽԸϸɱַɡ
طЩͬʱֹסΣȻȻıз򣬲Ҽ١
ৡ
һӰ֡
ٴζǿɱСӰնӰԻط硣
ط״ٴα۾
Ϊ۵ĻܿһӰӰ쵽жϡ
ܶڶô
һĻ÷̲סаԼ
طɹ㿪ĵһնɱɼţտƾ衮Ӱնطɱֻ⡣
¿طؿڵ·пѪеĵٶȳ֣һֱɤϣ˫ֲ߬
һ棬֪طһ棬ط֮طû֤
һڱȸƵ궥¥ݿҲˣ˫֣ǰ֪ѼӴȡ
ȻĻᴫ˵еĹӰն鷳ˣ
ͬʱΪ¼ǿ˵ĸ궡ڣ˾ȵİ
¼йش̿˵УйӰնɱеĽܣصܣΪǿˣ궡ֹһ֪ɱеĿ¡
У¼岢δȷչӰնֻǻɡ
޸֯Ҳˡ
Ϊ޸֯ǿ˵İڴ֮ǰҲ֪һ㡣
˿̣ʹùӰն궡µĻЦŸ͵Ǵ鷳ѡӰնų޽Ĵڣ޷ƽ⣬ֻһζ㣬ܹ㼸Σ
Ҫܣ
궡ºͰĻЩ鱨Ա̲סаԼ
ûд𰸡
Ƕһսʧζ
жɱ²ˡ˺ˣ´˵ڴ˲½
Ϊ͢Ҳд̿˵ϣұ¼塢޸֯Ϊϸ֪ͬӰնǿ¡
޷ƽô
ݿɫһ䣬˫յøˣضط磬۾գһ¡
Ψһƽ
Ϊطϵ˸˹ƿ˵ϸ鱨֮⣬й㳡ϳʷº֮˵ϸϣѧ
仰˵طܹȷӰնΪ֯ṩ鱨
ΪˣţطһӦ֮ߣֻǻûʹãԲѡ²ˣ
мһͬʱضǰĹ㳡طȻڹ㳡ϵӰ
һ̡
˵עУ׹֡
һ۵İ׹⣬͵֣ӳطӡ
Ȼ
һΣطȴΪ
Ϊûв춯
ʵ֤طжǶԵġ
ûгѸߵͬʱ̵õзط磬ӶӰطжϡ

طδȴٴγˣ
Ϊһʮɱ֣¸ղŵûطУҲطܵ΢Ӱ죬רעͷӦٶȶˡ
Ȼ
ԤϵǣһΣطһëû
ӳĶ̵ֻǿطµĲӰ
ڶУ̬ûܵӰ죬ٴϸִɱַ򣬳ˡ
Ȼ
ʱ
ಣಣಣ
ƿȻ
ɫСȻطͲХ˳˵ٶȼ죡
һΣطڶĹ֮󣬶ð
ಣ
Ӱ
ͬʱطͬһͷŭͻ
ȡ֮ڵУ֮ڵС
Ӵ̿ǿõɫС򷴻Žǣ


1550 ˵
Ϧ£öɫСͬ׹⣬ƷΣ
ڶУ˲˵ʮ׿⣬ΪԼȫˣҪסΣ編ƣٴγطߣʩչӰնöɫСХ
ȫԤϣһֲ
Ȼ
Ͼʵǿ󣬲ŷḻɱ飬˲˷Ӧ
ৣ
ûоʧܣȻֹסΣȻӳұƶһ
һ
ಣಣಣ
ʱöɫСХСǲ߼ƾգʵĿƷΧ֮ڡӦöɫСĹٶȡ
Ҳѡƶһԭ
ûиӦطƶ
ղţעȫӦöɫС棬ûеһʱطͬʳһɱӦʱطѾǰ
Σգ
ͷһûвִӭ̳ˣͼܿطķâ
Ϊʶط紦ĻǵһȻǿִٳ֣޷ӳǿս
һǿһ
һǳԿġ
طղһȭش²ˣչֳǿĹǻԶв
룬ط紦Ļǵһ
׼ȷ˵һȸɽׯ֮ǰõģ
оƽ⡮Ӱնķ˹޹˵Ϊȫľ룬ٴҪʩչӰնʱͶһֲûָܹɱֻΪԼӮýĻᡣ
һ£طôܿ
ܣ
ž
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طһŶڵϣֱֲù㳡ĵשը
һŶطƾ跴֮˲ڿգ˫ſᣬӥʳһ㣬
׻ȭռɱ
̩ɽѹ
һУطûжԼдѧǹǶƻԴ书
ţ
һĻ÷塢Ĭ˺Ϳͫ׷Ŵ
ǵһʱϳˡ̩ɽѹһУҿطһõǡô˶޷㿪
÷ˣԼҲʶһ㡣
ಣ
ӵзḻɱϷܵͷ͵һеĶ̵˲֣Хɱط硣
Թأ
һ̣ж̵ɰνǾӦ֮ߡ
˽ľ룬طѱܿ
һ򲽽طԱܿͶĶ̵ҲΪӮܵĻᡣ
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
еط磬·ϵƵģȻһ顣
ﬣ
촫ط練һƳкХĶ̵ϵȭ̵ײһ𻨡
ɲǼ䣬̵ɣطٶȲ̩ͬɽѹһ㣬ȫ֡
ৣ
ȻʶԼ̵ͶδؾͿԻɱط磬ۿ̵ķɣɫһ䣬ͬʱ߾ȫغˣ
ΪеǰδеΣ
գƾͶ̵ȡĻᣬ˶ʱ䡪ط缴׹صʱӳһס
̶̵һףѾ뿪طĹΧ
Ȼ
Ҳû뵽ǣط粢δ
ǵģ
طһķɶ̵֮˫ûгԼء
𹥣
ط翴ƴĻǳá̩ɽѹʵ𹥣
ৣ
÷塢Ĭ˵Ⱦǿ߼˲俴һ㣬ɫһ䣡
ΪǸǣĻһȴ𹥣ֻֿܡ
һǰƶõļƻ
ڶݶսΣʱı⡣
һǾ
ǵһֵĻ֤һս׼Ѿóˣǻ㾡ΪӪһжУ
ǵڶ֣Ҳ֤زɱ飡
Σˣ
֮࣬вӿֳһͷ
Σô
ͬʶһ㣬޲ϳ̵ľˣͼԶط硣
ž
ʱط絥أµשٴը
ͬʱȻһͬź䵽ףѹ٣ٶٴμӿ죬˲ľ룬ɹ
ɲǼ䣬طھӿȭһھС
˵ȭӣ
طұȻӭһȭ
ǹʽ
죡
ȡᣬ̩ɽѹ𹥻ѳֻᡭ
һһе̵棬ֻΪһȭ
䡪
һȭطǰĿֱըȭ˲佫ڱ˵֡
ƴˣ
ȭХѾ޷ܣҲûԴУ˲仯Ϊһֵն
һ̡
ûѡӲӲӲطȭ
Ϊȫѹʼڱˣ޷˲ھܵһӰ죬طȭףǱһ
һӲӵĻýֺͷҲ뵽Ḱ²˵ĺ󳾣طƣشɱ
ǧһ֮ʣһֵնطͼıطȭͷķطһȭҿա
⡭ܹ˲뵽õӦ֮ߣҲѡ
ǣô
顪
һ죬ԸԳնط󣬽ֵ˲䱻һ飬ѿѪ
ͬʱطȭƲȭͷķֻ΢΢ƫơת磡
飡
꣡
ţڶ촫ͬʱйͷѵ
Ϧ¡
طȭݺݵļͷϣھ˲ըһھк
ι˲ѣըѪɣͬŵڵһ㣬ɶһ·Ѫ
Ļǣǿ
طɹƽ⴫˵еġӰնһȭɡش
˵С
ԼȭйŭͬʱҲˡ
ǿ֮£˭ǰ޵У


1551 ժͷ­
ʱ·һֹ̾·һ̶
һ̣ǹ㳡ϵˣǱȸƵ궥¥ȵˣ˶ɴ۾ȾѪɵ·𲻸ǰһĻ
Ϊڸղţƾ̿˴й졢ǿɱСӰնطֻм֮޻֮
ת֮䣬㱻طһȭɣˡ
ֽȻķ˵ʵ̫
÷塢ءͿʺĬ˼ǿߣط綯á̩ɽѹֻ֮ʶΣˣҲû뵽һطһȭûеס
ǣ𺳣οˣ
⡭Ҫô
ʵͽʷ£ɬؿǰһĻǴײһ㣬ֻý𾪱ⱲӼҪࡣ
ǳ˿յ˫Ҳ֮ɿ
Ȼ֪֮ʵǿģطȻѾһͲΪˡ
ͬһĻȸƵ궥¥ȵݿ
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ϵ۰Ȼˣ
Σôô
ͬʱ鱨Ա̲סеڶ˽˵һʱʶʲô͵͵Ƴ˲Զĸ궡º;޸֯ǿ˰һۡ
֮ǰáӰն֮󣬸궡µ˵˴鷳ݣ޷ƽĹӰն㲻˼ΣҪ
ת֮䣬Ǳ㱻ˣ
һ鱨Աἰղ˵ǵ˿Ρ
Ȼ
鱨ԱΪԼеͬʱǸ궡£ǰδȥ
һ̣Ǿһ±ƵضǰĹ㳡Ǹо·ʣôܣ
ô
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ڴ촫˵Ϊ˶
һԵݿҪöֻ࣬˫۷
뵽ط϶ƽӰնĵƣܶ²⣬նûв¶ԣҲû뵽ط羹Ȼ˲Ťתս֣
ô
Թ߲ͬΪ˵û˿𾪡
ǵģ
һ㶼ûУ
Ϊֵطδ׸ıطȭķʱе˾޴Σ
˿ֻ̣о֣
Ϊؿطһȭ֮󣬲ͣɱҪֱӽɱ
ס
ֱ֮࣬ӿȡ
һ̣ԼΪǿ֮µĽϣֱȥιֻΪţ
š
Ϊ̿˳Ϻ͵ǿߵһҲýֺͷ뵽طɱĻض䲻ˣѪһغ
Ȼ
̩ûĻƵģһ޶ԡ
Ϊطһȭ֮ĸ硢峤أһʱݸһҪսԭأѡ
ʵϣزѣҲ֡
Ц
ʵȰ²ˡ٣¡
²ˡĶ֣ǳֵĻϻͷϰë
һߣĬ˵һʱ֣סˡ
ȻһҲϣڽ򱬣һս֮ǰӦҪֹ÷塢ĬˡغͰͿ˳֡
ʳԵĻ֪ʲô
طж˹ƿһ첲
Ǵ˹ƿһȣ
ΪҪǣĬ˳ֲǻֱӽɱ
һսֺƿ˼ûط羯ʵļƻֹˣ˹ƿ˼пܻ˶ɥ
ս֡ƿ˼Բ飡
ˣ
ۿĬ˱еĿ־˾Ҫˣ
ž
·Ϊӡ֤жƵģڴʱط˵ǰһŶأٴڿնδص

ȻطɱǴһ߾ȫ߶ھΪһֵնط硣
ڸղţû˵£һֵնطϣδطκ˺˿ˣܶطвô
𰸣Զ

Уط˳һֵͬʱֻצץĲ
飡
ۡ
طһֵ˲ըһѪ⡣
ͬʱطͬ̽ȡһ㣬ֱץסĲ
طھŷĲ
ۡ
ɲǼ䣬Դӷּң̵ѪͬȪһ㣬˲߿գ䣬һѪȻ䡣
ž
طԡѪУ˫أµשֱը
Ϧ£Ⱦŵ˵ѪѪܵͷȻͬս·


1552 ͸ɣ˭˭ӣ
ȻطѾ̫𺳣طȾѪͷĻ棬˻Ǹеǰδе𺳣
ǿ
̿˵ĳϣΪǿ֮޵еĴڣ
ȭŵشˣ
û˻һ㣬ǶΪ˽⡢طĵȶţ
ţ
ಣ
һ̣˴𺳵ıлعطǶһ㣬ֶͷȻĿ絶һɨ

طһͺȣ羪ף㳡Ͽա
⣡
طǿƶĸ֣طǻȾѪӺʬ壬ܵطǱɱ⣬ͬСƵģŵɪɪ
ǵģ
̩ĺĳԱӵųԽ۷ǿߵʵ˿Ҳŵˡ
ıŵˣ
˰²ˣð˵ܲšԴ
ǰǸ꣬ǿĲ
޷ǰǸôģΪʲôڲʮͣӵȿµս
ļǹŴѧ磬Щһʱľ԰Ҳ޷һ㰡
벼ʵͽʷһЩԼⱲȥˣ
ֵͼеͬƻŮ˫һƨҷһ
Ρ£ˣ岢û֣
͵ŵòҿʱĸؿˡ
֮ͬǰǰһءԼҫ϶ˣûй˼Ŀѡ񲻲ս֮󣬵طͷ
Ϊ֪طֵĻʮҪ
һİ취ֻ
һԳ
ղţĬ붯ֵʱ򣬱ˡ
һȻҲس֡
ԣѡ˵ڶ취طͷڰᡢ̿˺ͿƲϵժ
ɱ㣬ֻһֻ֣
صĽͣطûᣬûȥһۣȻض
ԣ˵ģûһս˽ٳ£ԼԼɱļƻ
ƾһ㣬غֵˣ͵
οطѽ𣬳Ҫи˶ϣ
һֻ֣
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δսӣսͱ䳡Ĵɡ
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οطֻһֻ֣ҲԶԸġط²˺ȭԽɱ
㡭
ٴοڣֻҫױط̤Ϊջ𣬵վûҵºݻŭط磬Ǳضߣ
˵ֱԣѸ뿪Ǿŵģͬɥ֮ȮһǱ
һĻط粢δ
Ϊ֪Ȼ֮ǰĬأԸһսһĻҲѽػɱ
²ˣ˶ϣ·
뿪֮ط罫ĿͶشİ²ˣʵ
㡭
طĻ²ûһʶ˵ʲôŭģǣƣֱſ³һѪˮ
ΪڰĴϣڰ֪ǿߣʱ
ƤӣΪ˹ƿвͲ˾ͿΪΪ
ʱ÷忪ˣ䣬֮гɱ⣬ֻˣˣ˳֣ס
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طӦȫûн÷ľϣһ͸ɣ˭˭ӵļơ
㡭
طǿƣ÷Ҳǻһ¡
ղŵĻɱڣҲֻǳųŻط磬Ӷؽʧ桪Ҷط֣
׼ȷ˵ҵ˵ض֣
һ棬ڰսִǿ߰˹ͬ⡣
һ棬սĲڹ㳡ЩˣԸ鱨ԱڱȸƵ궥¥ľȣһǿԴСֽɱ˿ֱˡƻġ֯ѧս
һսΪ̸ֹʽ顣
ʱͻȻˣɫѿ
Ϊ첻Ǻڰᡢ̿ˡĳ裬Ҳսֵĳ衪Ϊץɱ䵱Ĵ֣
ΪҲڼӵص˺ڰᡢ̿ˡĴ
սֶԣʲô¡
˿̣ڣ˺սѱ̤֮⣬Ҳǲ볹׽Ĵ
ԡ
طԣ΢ͬ˿顣
óѾ˼ޣټѹȵĻҲʵ䷴
ȻҪǣ֪÷һҪŰ²뿪ĻҪ˵ǿδסǿ²ˣ˵ǿɱѾû塣
ۿطͬ⣬ɫתһЩţطһ仰ɫֱѿ
Ǣ̸֮ǰҪһ顣
طĿδ÷塢²ˡͿĬɨӹɣȺжԶԶ


1553 ֮
ৣ
طĻ䣬÷塢ĬˡͿɫȻһ䡣
Ϊڰǿ׵ǣʱ
ϣ
ɲǼ䣬¶ɱ⣬ֱ÷塢Ĭ˺ͰͿӿ֣֮Ĭˡ
ڸղţ̿˵ĳط統šԴҪ֣˿ɱ⳹׷ڡ
طɫƽûĬ˵ĻҲĬˡ÷ͰͿ˵ɱ⣬ֻǿſ
һĻ÷ζըˣΪ˾ȳ˹ƿˣò䵱طıڣɫѿλ뿴Һսֵϣյ鵽Ϊֹ뿪
ȻĬˡ÷ͰͿ˺޲ô˿һط磬Ļջûг֡
ƤӣǻикٻҪΪͻطǸ˹ƿ˵ʣսֺƿ˼屣㰲ȫͿΪΪǻĻиˣ
һΣĬ˿ڣ÷㿪ˣ֮гɱ⡣
þطķʽǿϣͬʱҲ޵Ĭ˺ͰͿˡǲﶯ֣ºԶ֣
£÷ĬˡͿֽһȻŰ²뿪
ĬˡͿ÷֮Ҳ÷Ŀе˼Ǿû˵ʲôȺ÷뿪ûд߸µʬ塣
Ϊ˶Ǻ͸ڵ֯ԣûκ塣
οѾһ⣬Ҳʬ׷룬Ҳ̶ã
߰ɣȥ̸
ʱһֱĬĲʿˣܵͳ
á
طԴû飬ͬʱһ£ʾ²صġ
ʺͿԣٷϻֱȥ
ʵͽʷǸ¡
С㣬һֱôûжʲô
ط翴һĻһ뵽ʲôʵ
ৣ
ȻطĻʷ¾ɫ˲䣬һģˤ˵ϡ
µĵһ𣬱㶯ͷȻʼûʲôûٳѿ֮
һ£½һʵ˵
ᷢʲô
ϾڸղţطƤӵǿơ͵һͿһһ
ûûУϵ۷ģҶʲôû
¿ڣʷ±һֵؿڽ͡
ȻʦʾԣǾòҪطĺãطһ쭵Ļұ֤Ƿᱣİȫ
ϾҪԶԶ˹ƿˣҲƿ˼սֵ档
ͲΪ˾˹ƿˣ涼ҪˣǼпܷ顣
ʦռ˼ˣҲûʲô
ҲˣΪط籣ежͬʱΪڻطݣصسƺطΪʦ
Ӧûʲô
µĻط䶢ʷ¿˼ӣֱʷзëջĿ⡣
Ͳʼ״Ϊ뵽Ҫ˹ƿˣѡһԲŻȥ
ͬʱ
ȸƵ궥¥ľһƬ
ЩԸ鱨Աǰ궡º;޸֯ǿ˰Ź㳡ϰ˺ġʬ塯һ㱡
ǣ뵽طղ÷塢Ĭ˺ͰͿĻֻһƻãĲʵ
ǣ֪ط׼ȣЩ¡
ǿ÷壬Ĭ˺ͰͿ
ȫΪľǿߣڰİ
ȫ˭ǹ
ݿͬطһие𾪣Ǽ
÷塢ĬˡͿص˱뿪ط簲ȫˡ
ϵ۰̫ˣ
ǰǸǿƻɱ˰ˡش˰²ˣͷһ÷塢Ĭ˺ͰͿˡ˵ȥ˭ţ
չ֮쳹磬ȫѹȫһǿ޷̧ͷ
ܿ죬ȵİƣЩ鱨ԱȺع񣬸̾ѡ
һΣǸ궡£Ǿ޸֯ǿ˰ûз۵㡣
ʵʤ۱磬ʵҲ֤һС
ǿ죬ǲʵǴ˿˵ʲô޷ı֮ǰĿıֻ֣ͽ衣
ھ̾ЩԸ鱨Ա׷׽¼½չл㱨
ͬʱóʼǱԣ½˰̳Ȼ˫ַɿụ̂ӡ
֮ȸɽׯ
ȷӱ⣬ǿ͹۶ϸطִȸɽׯһС
ȫڹעĽչ̳ܶ࣬ȵӸһ̱ö졣
һذը˰ֱ̳ð̳ըˣ
ϵ۰ôģ
⡭ֱٰ֮
Щ˵طһȥ˵أ

ͬЩԸ鱨Աһ̳ϵˣ׷ױطһ𾪣־̾ͬʱЩһʼ֧طһ˳ӣǸоľ֮ٻҪ
ͬʱϢѸײڶ֮ƣȫÿһ䣬ȫ
طһие˼飬ͬʱҲɻ
طһĿԺƿ˼塢սֳɹô
ڰᡢ̿ˡĻѡʹգ
ûд𰸡
ȫ𶯹󣬶ڵ¼ս



1554 ʵķľ
͵̳ȫΪطڱȸ㳡Ϊ𶯣ڴ¼սͬʱطſͲʣ£˱ȸһҡ
ʵͽʷ²δһ𡪡ڽ֮󣬱뿪ˡ
ΪѾʧȥ˸µ壬ĵ
£ҪﵽĿĶﵽˣڸǣ˹Ǹνʣ
֮󣬲ʱȲؿʵͳĮɫѿ
ΪһУǺڰᡢ̿ˡĳ裬Ҳƿ˼塢սֵĳ衣
һеҪԭ
ƻ֮󣬺˹İȫ˹ʱֻ˹ڸ桢ֻ۷ǿߵʵ
ܹƿ˼һλڱչеľǿߣöԷʱ˹ĻͲᷢЩˣ
˹ڰȫĵطţֻҪҺСİȫ⣬İȫͲ⡣
طڲʺͿĶ棬һģɵĴ𸴡
ৣ
طĻش𣬲ŭɫ΢΢һ䣬תһ룬ط粻ʱ˹λøԼͿûз
ͬҲһ㣬ط۾ֱʵôʣ
ܼ򵥣滻С㣬еʡС㰲ȫִﻪ֮ҽ˹ƿˡط˵Լƶõļƻ
ţ
طĻ䣬ǿͲʣ£ͫ΢΢Ŵ
УͲ˺ܿͨطĻʶһ㡪˵ʣȫͬģ
ǻĵͨǹ̾ͨĿ꣬ǻĻ֯ĸְ
ɪ˽ٳ£֯ҲãѧҲգ޷ʲôٳ֣֯ͻѧǿԳָԤģ
Щɻ
ͷŻͷͨλصģ
С㣬ķ澭ε顢ˣȷûΥ飬˶ͨҲ̾֯ͨӹ̾֯ͨժˡ
ط翴µɻ󣬿͡
ж֮ǰίй顣
䡢ӥԺ˴ӻػģ̶ܴҲΪһ㡣
õġ
»ȻطĿ壬ͬʱؿŲԼֳĽطֵڣһжļƻƿ֮У
ͬʱҲиɻطô
Ȼܺһ㣬Ҳ֪ڲѯʵʱ򣬱ʶȤûп
Ͳûп
Ϊǲȳ˹һץɱӶϴˢ裡
λǲͬô
طۿͲ˳Ĭе뷨һֱѡ񽫾ȻǲͬĻֱӸɵҺСɣȻֵط˹飡
˻~
طĿŵвͲһ飬޲õһƽط
ҲֻѣǺܿ㽫еķŭѹȥͬʱץɱĴ㣬ǻһۣһ¡
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գɿͬطĽʷ
ұ㡣
ۿͬ⣬طٴοڣѣҲǾ棬һҽԻСǻǱȷСӵǻ󵽽ڻĶʻ֮İȫİȫκ⣬˭ģζ䵽ǵͷϡֻһ˹ᱻֵطšԴ
ڶСڻĶʻƽأֵط˽֮Ҹǰֵطָĵصʽ
ã
Ͳͬɫ
£ٴζһۣһ񣬾ڶԷпĳߺڰᡢ̿ˡ壡
ǿĴ˲ɼڱȸɽׯҵ֪ʵķ󣬶֡
л֯ͻѧ֧֡ǻطأ
ĴԶԻط֣
οһĴģ֯һأ

ͬͲжϵ÷塢ĬˡͿءû뿪ȸɽׯ뿪ȸ㳡֮ɽׯһͷ
ط벼ʡ̸нĵӣ÷ӵ˲ʵĵ绰Ӳе֪˽ʵķ
λʸҴ绰ˣǸƤǢ̸Ľʷ
ͨ÷ٴνټһ˵˽ʷ飬Ȼ˵Լжϣݷ֯ͻѧԻ飬ȷİȫҽʵĵص϶
š
ĬˡͿϿ÷жϡ
ôλǸʱˡ
÷״ٷϻֱӿѯʵų뿪طƤӼţ뽫˻ɱϴˢ裬
һΣĬˡͿ˶ûش𣬱ϾӰ̫ˣпǣƻĺˣҵ֯ͻѧսȫҶӰ쵽ȫ֣
ƻĺ˳֣Ǿͷλᡣ
ԼĪӺȿڱ̬ɱɱط磬ƻϺһսǿʵǿ̬˲СӰ
ط磬Ѿǽ𣬶ſµѧ츳һǿ򣬽ǵѣǱƻĺ˾ηǳ֣ǲܳ֡
صĻΪ峤İͿ뵽׵Ļڸ͵ΪǱĴڣڱչأԲϣʱƻĿս
Ĭ˴ʦأ÷ĿͶĬˡ
ɱ
Ĭ³һ֣ſµɱ⡣
ȻˣôǾʹһ£ֻҪƻĺ˲֣ϧһдۻɱطƤӣ
÷İ壬һݵ뻪ѧ翪սҲǣ




1555 һٶ
Сʱһγʻȸſڡ
ط£뿭һͬӻ߳
ϳ˲䣬ط̧ͷһ۲ԶıȸƵ궥¥ȡ
֪ۼȫ鱨ԱݿҲڡ
Ȼݿһ棬֪ĿǰǾԲģֻѹסĵͷ
Ҫȥ
ͬʱȸƵ궥¥ȣ֮⣬˿һĻЩ棬иʳ
ৡ
˲ԼͬؽĿͶȣڴȽء

һڴĿ⣬ȻڣһĴ𰸡

𰸣ЩԸ鱨ԱǸ궡¡ݿеЩȡ
ȥʲô
ѵ˹ƿڻҪڻʣ
ⲻ
԰˹ƿڻĻӦñֲŶԡңڻʣǸµϷɻɻҲп½䡪ô뿪
֮࣬˶̲ס˵еɻ
Դˣûͣ΢ЦŶݿʾһ£Ȼ뿪ȡ

˼״Ȼ֪ҪȥʲôҲ׷׸վȥ
С㡣
֯߳ȣæ
ȻŽ۷ǿߺ;ǿ֮ʵڽ֯λҲͣǽ֯ƶϯ۰صĺҲǽ֯δƶߣݡλԺա
÷̣߰ɡ
΢ЦŻӦ˿ûаݺͼӣǶء
õģС㡣
÷΢ЦŵͷȻһͬ뿪
зˣǸ߰ɣӦòµ˽Ҫʲô
ʱ޸֯ǿ˰Ҳ߳ȣغھſڵз˵һ䣬Ȼ÷
ǣ궡¡ݿЩԸ鱨ԱҲͬľ
һ¥ǰ
ѵҪڻʣ
ܿģ˷ʻ󣬾Щơ
Ǹǣ⼸ܣ֯鱨Ȩӹɵģ¸󳬼ĳЩ鱨ռҲȲ
ʮӺطıȵִɼʻ˳¥㡣
ͣȣط³ʽ󣬿Щ㱡
طΪ˸ѩһҲɼ
һ죬ط򱬺ԣ߸飬Ȼս֡Ͱȫֳڰȫǣû׷طΣ෴عԽط͵һط磬ȫ磡
֮طΪ˱Ȼͷ棬ŦԼбƿ˼δ̳˺ѡ֮һĵϰԵϰΪʣȷȻȫ뾳մĴ۷ǿץѡ
Ǽ飬ٶȳΪսֵĳ裡
һΣطݣһȭɡشڰϰ²ˣÿĺĳԱ˳䵱ܡΪڻңǿƺɱ̿˵ĳŵءܵ·˵÷塢ĬˡͿǿߡжԶԶĻ
ڴ˹УսֲܶɱսְָɭطʲôһҪΪ°һеǻ뾳Իط
һٶ
ÿоǳʺҪжܣƫƫܷ
ݵĻ㱹󣬿ǿѹסĵŭ𣬺
Ȼ֪֮ҪȾȳ˹ƿˡ
ֻһ㣬Ͳʲܶط֣
ڵִ֮ǰսǰزŴк뾳ذ졣
Ϊˣط½֮һ·̵ƣûнаȫ飬˵ǻڡ
ʦлл㡣
ǻ֮ǰ̲סͣ½Ųط翪ڣƺطΪʦұֳ˿Ӷطʵع⡣
ֵطŮˣӦ˵ллطҡͷָ
⣡
طĻµͷûһض
Ϊطһε棬˵Ůˣ
ʦһҪСģǧܳ£
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İɣѾӦ֮ߣµġ
ط΢΢һЦڸ¿ģ²Ҫġ
š
ԭط磬ڰᡢ̿ˡпܻ֣طĻܵط֮еţֽѷ˶
˵ͷȻطһۣתǻ
ʺͿĿ̣ȻµĹϵЩѰĺã뵽Ŵΰط˳ͷûٶ룬ǰڣϵĺֵط磬ȸϹȥŮ˰ȫִﻪģʽ
żִﻪģٹȥҲ٣ʲô
طֱӾܾ˿飬ȻңЩˣҪʱϢһ¡
㡭
ԣʱˣ̲סҪ쭡
˭ǵţΪһСûеִﻪ֮ǰǽʵĵص㣿
طֱϲʵĻ

ʺͿԶԣֻٴνŭѹȥڵͬһ
ڻľƵط翪һ䷿䡣
ط뷿󣬱ֱϥڤ롣
һսȻԾѹ֮ƺɱˣʵĲСҪָ
ʮСʱ󣬺մӶĵƽ¶Դɼӭµһ죬°ȫڶ䣬ұߡ
طӵϢ֮󣬿Ͳʵһʱطķš
ڸý˰ɣ
Ŵ򿪣𣬼Ｗһ仰Ǹо·طҪٸҾܾĻҪطÿ
ţǿԸĿĵˡطͷûѡ
Ŀĵæʵ
ӦףǲܸĿĵصġҪҵָʾǰȵĿĵصʱһǡطޱ˵
ôߣ
ͲͬҪѹƲסĵŭˡ
ȳ˻ǰŦԼݣȵŦԼݣһһĿĵء
طȻ˵ŭ𣬵Ӧ
쵰Ҿ㣬ҪˣУҪȷ˹ƿİȫұɱ㣡
طĻ棬Ȼ߳䣬óֻ÷巢һϢ֪ԼһҪȥŦԼݵϢ
绰ź÷ɻ֮ͬһϢ
ǰ˹
սֵĴǿߣ
ҪǰŦԼݣвʽ




1556 ʹսĵ
ŦԼ;࣬ڡҵҵװȷݾ쵼λũҵҵΪݵҪҵӵŦԼкŦԼۡ
ĵʱ򣬺£䣬һʻŦԼһٹ·ϣӸ߿ոȥһһͷ
һһսֵΧԱźɫīͶ󣬸𿪳
Ͳͬɷһںһλϣʱʱ͸⾵λϵط磬ؿطһֱ˫ۣĿ
СʱǰִŦԼȻطġָʾ˳һ·򱱡
Ŀĵأطûиǡ
쵰ĿĵǻҪ߶ã
СʱϦѾ£ڰȡִأ̲סͷŭĿط磬ʵ
ৣ
ط͵˫ۣһֱǰͶˣҪ¸ٵʱһ֪ǡ
ã
ضط翴˺üӣմＷһ֣û˵ʲô
ط͸⾵ؿ񳵵ĺ棬ЩԴϸٺһֱ١
Ϊˣط֪Щ֮÷塢ĬˡغͰͿǿߣҲȡ궡¡һǿߣȫ鱨Ա
ǰߣطΪȻֵģȵܹ׼ȷص֪طÿһ򣬼ʱ٣ط֯鱨ʱѯľսصڽطҪ鱨ط֪ŦԼݡ
ҲڱȸƵ꿴طϳ֮󣬵һʱǰԭ
ȥطˣǳɻǰϵŦԼݡ
궡¡ݿЩԸ鱨ԱȻ֪չڶԽ֯ΣһֱȣԲųڵĳ
֯ǿֲȻǰжϳ˽ʻŦԼݽС
ٹ·ϣһ۽γΪ޸֯ǿ˵İ̲ס̾
ܹ֯ԹΪȫһ鱨֯ԶеĸΪǿ󡣸֯ǿ鱨֮⣬ǿ
Ϊ޸֯ĳԱзڰԣɫΪ֯Թδսʵһֱġ
ԭ
ԣͫײɷŴ
֪зеսʷصЩսǸ֮սսڰ֮ս
зˣ˵󽻻ʵĵصأȹ󣬰ֿʵ
ǡүô֪һ㣿Ҹұ֤˿̳Ǹ֮⣬û֪һ㣬ͬʱ˶֪һ㣡зֿ죬һɭЦݡ
ͬзжϵһ궡¡ݿȶ󽻻ʻУͬʱʮֺ档
÷塢ĬˡͿȻֻں֮࣬Ҳ˸ַ
ӣʵĵصӦͼôı߾
ͬǱΪƶߵİͿ˵Լежϡ
пܡ
صͷҲƶϡ
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Ȼ÷⻰ͿضԼͬؽĿͶ÷壬ĬҲԴؿ÷塣
Ƕԣʵĵص𲻴ֻһ㡪ƻĺǸ˵еǷˣ
˵עУ÷ٶȿڣͣȻǸƤӵҲûи֪˽ʵľص㣬ԱĴɵͬʱҲ˵ƻҲãҲգͳͳû
ţ
ĬˡͿǰһ
÷˵ںƻĺǷˡǵļƻƻĺ˲ֵĻǽϧһдۻɱط硣
˿̣Ƕͬ÷ƶϡ
طǸ齻ɱ
һɱ˵ط约ʧǿˣΪȫЦζɱط硣
Ǹҡ
ĬҲˣԭ̿˵ĳԻ˵ҪĿҲط磬УĬ˶ɱֱ
λȻƻĺûг֣֯ͻѧȻ˸֣ɱƤӣⲻһսҲҪɱЩѧĸ֮󣬲ܻɱƤӣͿ˵Լжϡ
ѧĸ£ֻҪǲ벽ǿߣһսذܣʧܼпܻݱ÷һЦ
ĬˡͿΪȻ
ΪԴϸ֮󣬱ظӦһľϢ
ǰ벽ǿߵϢ
ǵϢǰ˹սֵĵ̺ǿߣ
÷Ӧжϵһ˹ȷʵںһ
ͬطһ˫ۣڱĿʵڽڤ
ʦҪԵ㶫ô
ʱһ
˾Ҳǰ˹ͽ֮һսְӵ۷ǿߵս
ԡ
˹һ䣬δۡ
ʦҪҪѯʿǷȷյص㣿˹ͽٴʵ
۵صﶼһ
˹ͳӸ𸴡
õģʦ
˹ͽܵһʱӦͬʱףԼʦǳ׶ŭˣҽпܷµһս
Ϊ˰˹ղŵĻ֮⣬ǵð˹ִŦԼݺ˵һ仰
ѧģʲôʱս




1557 սǷ㣡
ҹɫŨһбңǹ㣬ȫڹ¡
ҹĻ£ٹ·ϣطıһȣʮ·ڶӦҹյľ
ģǰߣǾҪִôˣĿĵص
ٴ̲סطͺˣɱͬļȡ＾ɪѹ޷ڡ
Ѿڳ϶ȹСʱˡ
СʱǴŦԼϾҪˡ
ܲòѻ
οڹȥСʱطͬɮ붨һţһ
ǰĳ¸١
ԲʵʺͱŭطδۣӦ
ǰ¸٣ҪȥǼٲ
طĻһ뵽ʲôѿʵ
ǵġ
طۣޱؿſͲʡ
ǼٲʮʺͿʱ龰˵֧ԮҲˣطĿĵҲ޷
˿֮˵Ҳ֤һԼжϡƿ˼塢սǷҪ֣
𰸽
ʺͿϵɱ˲Ũ࣬Ǹо·ѾȲҪط綯ˡ
붯ôְܳɡ
ط״ǵ޾壬мһЦƨɺôһȺˣǺܶȫȫֱ
ɱйϵô
ЦطĿͷ·ڿһˡ
Ǿãǵ˻᲻֪ǵľ嶯𣿻仰˵˶ִˣ˹ƿܻô
طȫӲʵɱ⣬ޱطʵ

ʺͿ˼нͣһԡ
ΪýֺͷҲ뵽𰸡ˣطӣȻɱ˹ƿˣ
һ֮ǰЭŬͳͳ׷ˡ
ǲܽܵģΪˣǺܿɱ⡣
Ƕԣط絽ڣٶһᡣ
ط״ٶ˵ǽĿͶǼٲڵķ
Ǽٲλڼô󰲴ʡŦԼݵĽ紦ٲԴͷΪǼӣٲλڼôڣٲѹ͵أٲ͵ٲ档
ٲάٲΪٲ
͵طı¸ٵͬʱǼٲڼôٲھһ޾Ƶ
νľƵ꣬ʵһСׯ԰л԰
ǰҾƵ걻Լ䰺ļ۸ˡ
ΣʥʦŴʦʦ᳤СѾ¸ˣִܿǼٲ
һװĵգƵ껨԰˵
ˣ
յĻһɫ۵ȿڡ
ʮӹӲʣֱͦɫ˫Ŀ磬ʵ
ǻѧ缧ҼХ졣
ϼЩȲ
ХĻ䣬һɫӣһѱ߿ˡ
Իɽɽɵšһ
Ǳ밡ȺҪУһԴСǿ浱ǻûôХЩջ˵
ʩزҲҪһмɲɱ̫ء
һΣڵһɮ۵ߡ
ڣǷ֮ǣΪʥʦ
˴Σ˲ԶŹǱôӪط磬ΪԵСధҲΪ֯ιĺ١
ԭֿڤʦ䵱ʦͰŵ޵˵֮Ҳ׷ԸҪܾˡ
ΪʵãҲǾǿߡ
ֻǣΪ˵̫ǻѧϵ̩ɽҲǸ鱨עĶһǰܵһʱͱ¶ˡ
Х죬ʥʦ˵Ǵ˴ǰĿΪȷСİȫܲ־֡Ҳˡ
갡ԸƽԷԸⰡ
ʢҲˣǿطһ·ɳģطӡ󼫼ѣƻһΪطǻѧδʶҲˡ
ǻӭսǷ㣻ۣ룡
껺ڣᶨ
ȻǿߣڳǿߣǶͨһʵȫ֡
٣ϷҺܾûɱȾѪˣ
ХһӦʱںսеľ߳λΪѧСħͷ֮һʹˣŽɱԡ
Ψһĵǣսֵİ˹֡
ʢٴοˣΪѧЭ᳤սֺͰ˹İ
˹֣սǻ֯ͻѧ翪սҵȼ㲻Ƕ֣ƻκǱ˳սܳܵ𣿡
˵ţüͷ΢΢
ԭļƻһδƻĳأģǰȥƻĵʱ򣬷ƻĲĺԺչأ˲ټ
ʱȣȥѰƻģͬʱҲûüҡɽɡԱĵ̳
ϾƶܹѾʵѵãͻ֯ٻ̶ΪǸԵСط֮
һΣȫ˿ڡ
ûа벽ǿΨһĵǡ
Ͼ֪ͨսֵİ˹пܳˣ
ͬʱ
ǼٲһƬ
һˣվһô£ķһ·ҹΪһ塣




1558 
ҹĻ£ԱΪףһȺʻǼٲͣ˲Сĺ䶯
Ϊ˵οͶ쵽ϵοͺ٣οô೵
Ȼ
ô೵沢δǰӴǵһʱѾο;췵ؾƵ꣬Ҫ
Ϊǽӵ˾ĵ绰֪ⲿҪץ׷
ھһеͬʱҲһʱɳֱӽˡ
һУֻΪڳϴһ绰
ｻʣ
֮ͣ󣬿ûм³ǿڳطʵ
³Ǹߡطʡ
á
һΣǿǲʶûз
ΪѾִĿĵأͨطһֱʵص㣬жϳѧûа벽ǿǰߣ˹Ǿһж֮УֻҪȾȳ˹ƿˣɶʵʩץɱ
ط³֮һ۱㿴ݿȡ궡¡ȫ鱨Ա׷³ˣ׷׿
ͣĵƹ⣬طܹؿ˵ıͬһͺڴݿһǣ궡һ壬Ǳ
Щȫ鱨Ա˼Ѫһ˷ܣһֲ´ӡ
طնݿȺ͸궡µ˵ͷȻתžٲȥͲ˽

ȡݿ˿һĻ׷ҲŶˡ
֮⣬÷塢ĬˡͿҲڰжˡ
δʻͣھڴͣ³ںҹǱ١
Ҫ߾ߡ
ܿ죬ط˾ı߾ϣŤͷԿ˵
Ѿкˣȥɡ
Ц֪ʵĵصѡھ֮󣬱²⵽طһܻѡڼôڽʣʶ˺ü绰һ绰ЭԱ߾⡣
طٷϻ˼ǰС
翭˵ط˴߾ߵʱ򣬸ر߾ߵļô߷սʿδֱӷУȡݿ˶ˡ
ʵϣǿ˵Щûйϵôı߷սʿǻģ˷ѿࡣ
ΪȵǷţԽӰ첻󣬶һ򲽽¼ôı߷սʿҲˡ
Ǽٲô֮طֱӴٲ
طǰõĽʵص㡣
ҹĻ£ٲƻͨƹӳǼӺ棬ؿˮܼڲ2ﳤĺӶÿСʱ35.4ٶȳ»ϣ15.8ףҰм𺳶
Ȼ
˿̣ûһ˼ʹȻǵĿⶼطϣżɨܡ
Ƭ̺طٲһͣ½Ų
ںϽУ
״һһˮٵǼӺ棬ʵ
ţ
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ط翪ڻش𣬿ͫ׶ȻŴ
ٲĵƹ⣬ؿһӰǼӵĺϡ
׼ȷ˵ںڵϣҲٲĶ
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ҹĻ£˹ƿˣٲһ̤ˮУٲмȥ
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ԭٳ֣̬Щʧ˿һУֻ˹Źǰͷֱ£ٲȻһŵӡ
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ͬʱٲ԰վһӰ
꣬֯ĸΣֶ˫Ŀ磬ɨطڵ
١꣬Ϊ֯ĸ֮һȻٳ˹ƿ㲻±ȫѧ׷ô
̲꣬סһ쳹ʣúӶ԰Ĺһ
ǻо仰УҲսϺڰٳȣֻίУ˹ƿ˻ǻ֯
Ļ䣬մ
Ⱦ˹
һΣȿڱͷͻȻˣĿѿ
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ʵĻͷ֪֮ҪӪ˹ƿˡ
Ƕԣ˹ƿ˰ȫˣѧһͬϵ⣬׸
ৣ
£һӣһץסطĲط磬һԾϺ档
žžž
ͬһط磬̤ˮУµһƬһƬˮ
һĻҲԾϺ棬˲׷ա
Ϊ굣ģڽʵĹУͻɱ֣һգط籾ˣ޷ֵ
ţ
ԭ˼˿̿ԣüͷһδ˵ʲôֻĬĬطǰС
ͬʱˣڰǱˣĿͳͳۼǼٲϡ
һǧףһǧףס
˵עУ˫ľ벻С
ʮף
˫ֻʮ׵ʱ򣬲Լͬͣ˽Ų
ʱ·һֹ̾
ɲǼ䡣
˶ס˺ضٲмӰĬĬȴŽҪһС




1559 ǻûô
һͬʱ˶Է
˵עУȿˣֱӸǹٲˮ쳹ٲϿգһҪˣУԸ
У
Ļ䣬ȿڻӦе˹ƿ˱㾪ֵش㡭Ǵҹȥֽҽ
˹˵
˹Ļ˹һֵģ֪˹ѾƵˣʶһʱ俪ڻӦ
á
ͷͬ⣬Ȼյգ˽ҡ
ԣ˵ֱӽе˹ݵǰ
ৣ
һӣһץס˹Ȼط硣
һһ߿ط磬طıƽˮû˿η뵣ǡ
ΪطӵһžԼǿĴ֮⣬ҲǱطգ֯ѧΣ
ʵϣлһ˿ǵģڽ֮󣬰˹λսֵĵ̺ʹǿ߻֣
ģطΣطڴɥ
ݵУûбϣӯ·ˮлһ㡣
ܿ죬ߵ˿Ķ棬˹ൽС
״˵ͬҲط
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סע£Ϳֱ˹طݸԷ
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̫꣬дˣΪƾܱסô
һ̣û˹󳷵ǰǺףȻһЦضŹ꣬ڿһ׳ա
ͬЦӦ˭㣬һģ
١ѵңƻҲôαװˣ֪ƻû
ԣһּᶨԼǰжϣЦ㱣סģʶȤĻڽң¶Ҫ
ô
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䣬Ӱ֡
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Թ˸Ӻ軪ѧ磡
ɽһҲˣĿ絶һɨڼɱ÷ˣɱ⣬ʱ齣Ӧս
ʦȰ㲻Ҫ𡣡
ǻѧЭĻ᳤ʢûнĿͶ÷ˣǶŴ˹ƿ˺˵Ŀھ档
ԺΪƣܺͣǾһս
Ǵʦһϵڵƹ˸ŽɫĹâʥĸо
žžžžž
˵ĻۿХ졢һʢʥʦ÷塢ĬˡءͿͲ˲Լͬͣ˽Ų½һƬˮ
һ̣ʻȻɲ
ΪǶ֪Х졢һʢǣΪɵ
Ϊڵķһ书ɲ⣬ֵӡȹŷڵ֣һսӡȹŷڵһǿߣȫѧ磬ӡȹŷڲ̤İ벽
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ۿ÷ͣ½ŲХٴοڣᶨţðȻݡ
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ΪҲϳ˼Х죬֪ΪѧСħļһźսĻ򣬶һսеѳλ
ϼھɱ̫ߣû׼ЩеĳģСΧ㰡
һ΢Ц˵Ǹо·ҪԴսںͼХȲ졣
ʩסҵĻģɱ̫زá
ʥʦҲˣѺȰ˵Х죬ʵ÷˵вǸо·˵ҪսĻҪҳɱˣ
ս
÷˶һۣڶԷп𾪣һĨ޷εĲ
Ƿݲǵͼнûһ˸ҿڻӦ
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ò˵÷ܹΪڰľʦ˵
֪һսԻ֯սֵ壬Ӱ쵽ĺȫĸ֣
Ҳ֪ս֯ߣҲǺģ֯ߺͺǿ
̬ȴս֣Ҳᷢʲô
λƻĺǸ˵еûǷĳ֣
һʱ˻ӦΪ˹ĵԵ޿֣ſݣҪɱǸƤӣҪսֵĳͷ
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ΪͨŵĻȷһϢ
ս֣ѾҪѪϴѧ磡




1560 ۷һսʽ죡
ֻ꣬ˣˣܹǸƤôο˹ʦҲˣ֣һ˾Ϳɺɨȫ
ܿѾڣ÷ûֻ֣÷һЦϷʵؿŹꡣ
Ϊڰʦǳƻ㿪ڣð˹֮ʩѹѹƹ˵ƣҲʱ䣬ȿϹ
ϾĻûκƿԣ෴Ҫƣȫռƣ
ৣ
Ȼ÷ĻꡢһХ졢ʢǵɫһ䣡
ô֮ǰǱռ鱨սֵĴǿ߰˹˴¼Ҳֻǻɡ
˿̣÷Ļӡ֤ǵĲ²⣡
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꣬ǻоŻʶʱΪܣȰ㻹ǽƤӽνˣлطǸС飬Ӧþ⸽ɣһǲ
÷忴һĻ֪ԼĻãЦŨǰǷݼɵʧӰ١
ĬˡءʺͰͿҲˡ
߾ǿռţһа벽ǿʲô
㾹Ȼð˹սǾǻķûа벽ǿߣսֺͻ֯ȫ濪ս
û÷壬Ŀ絶һ㣬ضѾǰĿŭգֻҪ˹֣գֻκͻ֯αؽսָ˵
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ХҲˣ
Ҳͬе̵ġѾǰ񾳵һڱչصС
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ͬһɽҲа벽ǿߣΪɽʥҲǻĽʥǻýһ֣һ뻯ҲڱչС
ʦ˵񾳲أǿڣ֮ŭؽһУ
ʥʦüͷƽͣ絶˸еһɳǵɱ⡣
ڵϷǵʦһʦǰһģҲǱչõģû֪жǿ˶ΪԿƵǿ֮һ

Ȼ꼸˳÷壬ĬˡءͿͲʣٴγĬˡ
ȻǶ֪ҡɽɡڵ̵ǿ󣬸ֻĺͻ֯εĿ¡
ĬͬʱǲԼͬٴνĿͶ˰ߵĿ
ӰߣûӦ꼸ˣǽͿһߡ
ƿ˼һػߣʵ۷ǿߺ;ǿ֮䣬֮ǰӵʵҪ˹ƿˡ
һֱڳӵ󷽣³û¶棬ֱ˿̲
νһǵһǣʺͿٳʲôʣ˹ƿٴطһУһǽٴͶ
⡭ǾԲԸ⿴ģ
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£ٷϻֱתһΣһϺ棬÷ˡ
꣬ðǻЩ벽ǿŻǣЩ˱ĸûа벽ǿߣҸһλᣬͻط磬ǽѻ뿪
һںƮУһЦ쳹ʣڻӦ꣬Ҳڸ÷˳Զ衪ºһ𿸣桪δķ
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գطֻ̩Ϻϴˢ裬գʢֻɱأٴϴˢ裡
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ͬʱ
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۷һսʽ죡
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1561  Ⱥս
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֮ǰпܷ۷һսһս֮ǻǸеޱȵ𺳣
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У÷ĵٶԸ죬ѪЩң۹Ѫھȶ˲ʮױסΡ
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Ϊ֯ĸΣȻչûгɹ̤һھǿǿĴڣսҪѹ÷һͷ
͵÷ͬʱ˵ͬʱҲͬһʱ佻ˡ
飡
Хɱǰٶȿ磬ֱһȭʣƽ¡
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ѧһ֡
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󣬰һ죬ˮ˱ɢ뿭ȭҵײһ𣬼£ͬʱˡ

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Χκԣ
Σʱ̣ͬĬǰ¿ɱһȭĬ˶ǷɱͬʱĬ˺һȭĬУܹɱǣҲ޷㿪һȭᱻɱǻ
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۷һսûη壬ûѡˣùΪƴ
Ϊǹ˽սܹţҲһӣ
Ϊóʢսʱ̣˴˿޷˼ʢʢпܱػɱ
ؿʢɱ
οʢһˣؽڳְˣ
һѧذܣ
ಣ
䣬Ӱ
ط粻ջػһֱء
һζԾǿ߳֡
޷ˣ


1562 һɱ
ʢѧ츳˵һжģҲΪǿˣԴӵλѧЭ᳤֮²ʱ;ˣʵһֱͣͲǰ
Ͼʲô鶼ͬˮۣˡ
֮⣬ԴӳΪǿ֮󣬾Ҳû˶֣Ҫ˵ɱ
һ£֮սܿ㴦ơ
׼ȷ˵һɱбػ֮Ʊ֮˳ױѹƣֻжֵ֮ûл֮
ʢʮǰŰŰɱ
ϣ˵ţͣһǱʢ
ϥȡ
̩ȭ֮ɱĹʽ
е̩ȭΪԼıȹǿúķʽÿ߻ɳֹܡ
Ϊ峤̩ȭľ裬νǺʦеʦүǿھֲһһʯʯѡ
ʢղѾصȹֱ۵ֱֵۣʶһûӭӣȻһͬһ㣬ܿһȡ

ط·ϵʢѡܿƵģԭȻգȻˮ棬ͬһʢ
𹥡
ղţһǱ𹥣˿̲
ǳ
˹̩ȭ֮кպǳ
ǹ̩ȭߵȷʽ䣬嵽֮󣬿ѡԭʽײҲԱΪȭߣ˷ʤ
һ̣ǻһһ㣬ײʢ
ৣ
ʢмƣֱʧȥ˶Ļᣬɫһ䣬ֻѡӲƴӿֳǿҵĲղһӲصıȹʱѾܳˣ˿̺ٵס
Σգ
Ȼ
ؼɱʢǰʱͷͻȻһеŨҵΣϢ
׼ȷ˵ӦһϢͻȻ֡
󾪣
Ϊղеעʢϣûзֱ˿
˿̣Ӧʱ򣬶ԷѾˡ
仰˵ڶԷĹΧֲһ
ط磡
ҹĻ£ط罫ٶȷӵ£ͬһɱصͼ֮ͬǰӪһΧκԡ

ͬʱߣȡ궡¡˿طأһвԼͬӿֳһͷô
ǵģ
ڸ궡¡طΪǿߵس֣ǵ͵
ط缫˽⡢͵ȣΪ
ΪΪǿ˵ǣǿߵĿ¡
һںϣҲ˵;ںϣ辢Ϊʦ
ʦĥ͸似ս£ɴﵽ۷ǿߵĵز
ǿǳԽ޵Ĵڣ
ΪԽޣ
ǿ߿似ںϣҲνġġ׺һÿһÿһʽȱԶ似ԭӦе
仰˵ͬʽ۷ǿߺ;ǿʹãȫͬĸ
ȻǶʶطڱȸ㳡ľһսΪط绹ԶԶǾǿߵĶ֣޷סǿһ
һطأкûʲô
ô

ԭʢأȻסΣת־һȭ

طͬһȭѪ׷ڣھӿȭγһһھС
ǹʽ
죡
طһζԾǿֱ֣߳ӶԼԵǿɱУҴ߶غѪطڻҩ˾洫ȭס
еƣ
䡪
һ̡
طصȭͷݺݵײһھŷײͬѾײŰһ޴ˮˡ
ˮĽֻȭͷ˲ֿ
Уطȭͬһ㣬һƬͨ죬ںѿѪ߰ߣֱ۵ĹЩѿ΢
ۡ
ֱ۴طڣſһѪ˲䱻˳ȥ
طþƣֲ֮ʵֱ࣬ӱطɱеһȭɣˡ
žžž
ͬʱδˣҲˣˮ治ըѪھһ˿ҡ

ʱһ˶ŭĺ
ʢ
ʢĿ˸ղһУ֪طղðһȭɣ
絶ŭ
ŭӰ֡
ʢ˲˵صǰ˫һȭһֻצͬʱء
ȭǿɱУϻ
һطðΣգΪʢȡģʢѵĳֻᡪδȣھңھת⣬ӭĻҲۿۡ
ʢԴȻ˷ľѻᣬֱӶǿɱУҺŭ֣ɱ糱ֻһᶨͷɱأ

صһʢϸеŨҵϢд󼱣޷ֻûȭӭ
䡪
һ̣˵ȭͷٴײһ
꣡
ھŷѵ˲
ھתһȭµ߳ɣֱ·磬ֹǶѣѪɽ
飡
ͬʱʢֻצһץصؿϣָ̺ſµھͬһֱӴ룬ֻһץص߹ǣȻصķҶ
ۡ
Ҷѣػһ𣬹̵ѪͬȪˮһ㼱ʢһ

ʢ⣬ֻͣƣһصԴ
طҶѣѪйھ޷תʢһƣ޷͵ֵֻܵɴ۾ӣؿš
飡
ۡ
ʢһƻصԴͬһ㣬ֱӽصԴĳϡã
طһΪʢѳֻᣬ˫һٽػɱ




1563 ŤתսֵĹؼ
ҹĻ£صԴͬѵϣһѪںϿţѤʡ

һĻǸ궡¡ȶһ
ڸղţطس֮ʣǶΪطǵκвװ
գۼ䣬ؾͱʢˣ
ΪҪǣǵóܵطһӰ죬ӭʢʱ޷ӳӦеʵʢܽش򱬣
ǣ궡¡˵˺;޸֯зһ̣Щ¡
ΪͬһҲû뵽طĳ֣Ӱ쵽ƣرɱ
Сˣ
ѧʢɱģӦء
ʱԭĺһ
ݿЩȫ鱨ԱȻΪʵ̫ûпطس֣ԼʢصḶ́ʬ׷룬ʢȾѪʶжϳˡ
ˣ
÷塢ĬˡʺͰͿԭȫעɱ˿ûйעΧһУ˿ߴľԼͬͬʱˣϳŲţ
ǵģ
ǲػʢУ෴ǿӦǵսɵġɱʢ練ƣ
ţ
ͬʱꡢǡһХ죬δ׷վԭأͬӿ𾪡
ǿɱֻ˲䡪÷һڸղŵɱУעȫڶϣûйעʢصս
Ҳ֪ͬʢһսյģֻˣˣֻʢȥԸء
Ҳ֪ʢɱأжʢһѣֻϣʢܹסء
ˡ
ʲô
һ̣ǹˣǵзӪ÷ˣ𾪵ͬʱгɻ
ͨ
ͨ
Ӧǵˮ
صͷʬط缸ͬʱ׹ˮС

ʢռͬʱһطˮĵط
ǲ֪طΣ֪طнŶǣͳͳٶȷӵ¡

һ̣ʢٽطȻӺڳһƬˮ˺֮ϡ
ղţȫƶطǿһȻطɱеһɡˣƲֻǾЩʱ޷ھڡ
ʵ½ƾҲںˮƯ

һĻʢշ׷˿ҵ֮£Ȼطǰͬʵû°ɣ
£ֱӴӻͳ˻֯Ƶҩݵطǰ
á
طɫЩ԰׵ػһ䣬Ȼӹеҩ¡
ѵղŲսˣ
һĻ˿طֵʢաȡ궡ºͰǵˣоӿֳһͷ
ǵģ
һ̣мͬʱӿֳ˿϶Ĵ𰸡
ΪطǡͻڶѪɫ԰ֽһ˵ӡ
طڱȸ㳡һսչֳʵڳܹ˵ֻоǿߺͰ벽񾳵Ĵˡ
һ£𰸾ͲԶˣ
찡ȻЭĵʢɱءֱţ
ˣ˵Ȼǳһ
ܾǿһôģ

ӿֳ֮Щȫ鱨ԱϾе𺳱֮ǰڱȸƵ֤ط絥Ĵǿ߻Ҫ𺳣
ϾĿذ
ƶߣȫеľǿ֮һ
ģ
иֳ𰸣Щȫ鱨Աľϵ𺳲Ǿϲ
УХǴЦǼģо·ӼһƵġ
Ӣ۳갡
˵ѧ츳սʵ˹Ž񺱼
һҲ̲ס̾ѹûطսû뵽طܹЭʢɱأΪŤתսֵĹؼ
Ϊʲô
÷塢ĬˡͿͲʣһ¡
ΪΪǿߵǣǿߵǿҲ֪صʵ
޷ط絽ƾʲôһƿȥ
Ϊʲô
齻ˣȥߵţ
Ӧ÷˵ǹгžԵš
ã
طӦûмǿ
һ棬رɱѾȫŤתһռϷ硣
ΪҪǣľ඼ˣ޷ھһսޣ޷ˣǻҡ
£㱻մǰһ˺Ӱ
ৣ
ͬʱ÷塢ĬˡͿͲ˵ɫͳͳˣ
ղţ壬ûлɱˣֻռϷ磬ΪطЭرʢˣ
ǽ壬Ʋ׶༪٣




1564 Эһɢɳ
ǲǺſôǲͳͳôôڶƻˣ
÷һصı飬Х쿪ˣ֮гųɱ⣬ȫûϢ˵˼
Ϊ֪ղŲطһЭʢɱأԼһǳʱϾˣʢпܻС
һĻ죬Լһ˺пľҪˣ
طĳ֣ŤתռݣԼһʼռţսӣôܷŹ÷ˣ
ڵƶǲ˹ʦְɣ
ХĻ䣬÷㽫ĿͶ˿
ɱط硢ˣһǰᣬзա
Ҳȷֻĺʹ˵еûгֵǰ£ѡֵԭ
˿̣ΪطĳֶŤתɱط硢˵ĿԲ󣬷ǱɱĿԺܴ
һ£ȻԸðƴ
ʦͬ÷ʦ顣
Ϳһʱ俪ڸͣһֱ׵ĶͬԸðգԸ﷢κ⡣
Ĭ˺ͲδڣҲĿͶ˿
ȻҲϣڴƵǰ£˽ɱð˹ֺɨ֣
÷ͰͿĻüͷĬ
رɱ˹֣սȥĻǷǳпܻˡ
Ҳµս˹ֵĻΪǺͱĳ裬ҲΪĻ֯ͻѧҫ
Ӧǰ˹ĿǰûгֵԵʡ
˹ʦóֵʱȻ֡
ݵĳĬ󣬿ӦȻĿ絶һɨʢ÷塢Ĭˣ˶һᣬȥɱʢ
Ļ÷塢Ĭɫ䣬
ӪУʵΪǿָղŶס÷塢Ĭ˺Ϳˡ
񣬿Ĭ˺÷ֵǣڽվ
ʵʢ֮ϣԸʢĻûκΣտԡ
ಣ
Ȼ
÷塢Ĭ˻ػһʢ
Ķң
״һͬʱѵʢȥЭϼ
ãԼУȥЭǴʦ
Х쿪ھܾȻֱʣѡ
ͬʱǡһҲˡ
ֱĬˣһûиĻĿ꣬ȻѡýİͿ֡
һ̣ѧһ㱻ΪչǿƷ
ಣ
ಣ
ľ棬÷Ĭ˶һۣǶ˶ԷĿе˼ͬʱˡ
ǵģ
ܾ˹֣ѧһչ֮÷Ĭսӡ
Ȼǲ޷ﵽĿġɱǰ£ðΣȥػνҫԸ⵱ӣ
ಣ
Ϳ⿴һĻ˵ֱЧ÷Ĭˣѡߡ
Ĭˡ÷һ뿭ֻʱˣˣۿ÷Ĭ˶ˣôܼɱ
˵ѧһһЭô÷˾ͬһɢɳ
ţ
زһĻʶҲ󳷣ѾˡХѾɱ˹ʢӲ󷽼л˵·ߡ
䡪
ͬʱ˵ӰײһӲƴһȭһ죬һ޴ˮˡ
ʵ޼һȭƽɫͬʱñˡ
㡭ǣ
ӱ˵ͬʱ̱÷塢Ĭ˺ͰͿսӣòѪͬʱҲ⿴ʵĴ䲻Х졢ʢһͬʱ˲ʣ
䡪
ȿѲʣХ˵˲ʵǰ벼ӲƴһɱУ֮ͬǰһֲ٣˫˫ˣѪھЩҡ
ʱ
ʢӲϵ˫ͬʱ̽һȭһֻצͬʱʡ
ϻ
ʢŲ뼧Х콻ֹڣֱӶǿɱУ
Σգ
ͷһûʢӲƴǽ߾ȫ߶ھ

һ̣ʢֱӻ˲µĲӰ˫ֲŲʵӶ
ʾյضʢɱУһ亹
Ȼ
ңһ׹ͻ֡
ৣ
һͻȻֱ֣һնʣٶȼ죬еķ˱ֱӻһ׹⡣
뼧ХӲƴһȭȻնʢɱУ˿һͻһ޷Ӧʱ䶼ûС
ۡ
ɲǼ䣬ķ˱ͬжһ㣬ֱն˲ʵԴ̵ѪһѪ
֮󣬲ʱХ졢ʢһֻɱ
һУƸӣڵʯ֮䣬ٶȼ죬Щȫ鱨Աȡ궡ºͰ˶޷壬ֻܿһѪ
ǿ÷塢Ĭ˺ͰͿ˿һǶڲʵû˿ʹһңҼʱս
һͬĿ˲ʱնɱḶ́ǲͬһʹŭаûڣ
һ̡
ͻȻЩ÷塢ĬˡͿˣֱ뻢ıƤ
෴ǣѧڶԸеʱŽÿ£ͬϸǳսʱһٹ£ЭӲƾС׼Ӳǹ˵۹Ĵںͷɻ
ڣ
ˣ
䡪
ڰڵͬʱѧӪʵΪǿʥʦǣͻȻڿǰһȭԴ




1565 ʤƽб
֮ǰӭ֮ǱһʱӦֹĬ˺÷˳ŹкĿ϶Թ֡
Ȼ
÷ĬսӣЩԤϡ
ûͣҲû׷÷ĬˣڿӲƴһ֮ͻȻɱǰһȭ
һȭıͬһ𱻼ŭĹŷ𣬻ս⡢ŭⱬѪ׷ڣھͬһžӿȭƿֲ
Ħȭǿɱ
֮ŭ
һֱ̣ӶǿɱУͼô˻һٽɱ
žžž
һȭըѣγȭ磬֡
Σգ
ȭХֻúѣ˫۴ʹͷ˲䱻Ϣ֡

Σʱ̣ûԴУҲûоʧ㣬ƾǿսܣصھһȭǡ
һ̣ԼǿɱСս񱬣
ӲӲ
âɱжԺ䣡
䡪
һ̣̺ſھȭͷҵײһ𣬿µھŷײͬڵըγ˿µľ磬˵Ǿ籩
籩Ȼԭƽĺϳһ޴УоˮγһԼˮͰֵˮ
꣡
ۡ
ͬʱѺѪŽͬʱ
ҹĻ£籩Уȭ˲ըֱ۴ѣѪ⣬÷
ͬʱſһѪ˵ɶھ඼̶ܵͬȵˡ
һȭҰܣ
һȭֱ֣ۡ˿µˣ
һУΪʵһ֮⣬ҪǣӲƴ꣬Ǵһֲھתͣͣ޷ӳǿս
ıһǿս
һǿһǵս˲Ŵ󣬵Ľ

ϱۡѪɣӰߣЩȫ鱨ԱǾõԲ۾
ȻǶû뵽ⳡ͵۷һսôֳʤˡر򱬣ˣѧһʤѾûκˣ
û뵽һ
ͬʱ͢ʥŮ̲סһսҲȫԤϡ
룬ս֡ƿ˼塢ڰᡢ̿ˡͿ壬ַһսӦʮİղŶԣȴǡǡ෴
ѧӮŽᡣŽһƴһսսǿֲġһʼܹڲܣŽᡣ
ӪһΪһģԵò㣬Ҫе޴յʱν˾Ͳˡ
޷ŽһǺڰԹ㡣
Ļ䣬궡¿ˣ֮࣬ܿ㶴еĹؼҿ˾޸֯İҡһۣң˵˵öô

ҡǾ޸֯ǿ˵ȫ˳ƺΪң˳ƺΪ
˿̣ûпɫѿ
Ϊ֪궡˵ʵ
ˣ޸֯ôͺڰ򲻵һڰ᣿
Эɱ֮Ӫһע˻һս
Ҳˣıͬһڿݾ
궡¶֪ڰ㣬οΪ֯ǿˣʷ
˵طЭʢɱ֮Ԥϵһ
һʤƽѾбˣ

Ȼݿ޷峡ϵƣ궡ºȵĻ˿ҵҲ֮£ϵĵʧ˴룬ȡ֮Ǽ뽾
ΪϵľƷıطǸıƵĹؼе
С磬һսӢۡ
ͬʱһߴط籬ˣһ߶ط翪˵
պطһʼ㰴չ˵뿪Ļʤƽбѧһ෴ʢᱻػɱҲʮգ
ǶΪҶûսһѾܲˣ̸Ӣۣ
ط̾˿Ŀǰĺ棬üͷ΢΢ţüĿ֮޷εĵǡ
û
ǵǣ
Ȼ˿̻ѧһȫռţӪһеûжá
˹
÷˵Լǰᶨֵ̬طԿ϶˹սλ˵еİ벽ǿ߿϶ˣ
ļƻ깵ͨķֻǰ򳡵ģֻû
һ£˹ָԤһսĻս̸ֻı䣬ʤƽ˲ٶбӪһ
ղطĵǣǷΪսŤתϲñ嵭࣬ԭµһĿתضźͶ԰
ͬʱѳȫ÷塢Ĭ˺ͰͿˣ֮ͬû¶˿ͬ顣
һ棬Ϊ޷ﵽĿģ뿭һ̱ˡ
ΪҪǣҪǵӣʮջô⿭
һ̣֮ͬǰʱһǰսľ
֮࣬ǶûضſעųϵƣȴյĽ
ǵעУһȭɿ֮󣬲ͣͬһɫ磬׼һٻɱ
Ȼ
ʱ
һȶȻͬըʡ
ˣ
䣬Ӱ֡
ɫ۵İ˹ͻȻںϣͬһµħ񣬻ɢǿΣյϢֱס׷·ߣ




1566 ۾˵Ϲ
׼һٽɱʱ򣬰˹λսֵĴǿߣ̲סˡ
֮ǰһֱûΪÿռţԻܻӪҲΪһսӶץסѱð벽ǿߣǿҹڰ
Ӱ죬ҲӰ쵽ս
ʱ˿̣ò
ΪؿſǺɱ
ž
˹ͻȻ֣ǵһʱ׷ȻֹסΣս˲ɢ˴룬üء
ৡ
ǳǰߵǣꡢһХ졢ʢ˵ɫҲͬʱһ䣬ͬʮء
طüͷһüĿ֮ŷŭսΪ˻ɱԼڰᣬһ벽ǿߣʵ̫
Ƿݷŭ˫ȭһͬʱҲȻһ
졭˹ˣ
˹ʮǰɻɱǿߣȻǰһǰ벽ǿߣѧ鷳ˣ
ǰ벽ǿ߰һ˾ܺɨѧӪɣ
ͬʱӶ԰Щȫ鱨ԱΪ˹е𾪡
֮࣬Ƿ׷̲סΪѧӪΣˡ
Σ
Щȫ鱨ԱĻǸ궡£ǰҡȶûпֻضźǵֲӰ
ַʽĬЩ鱨ԱĻѧӪ޷˹
Уȵüͷ֪ʱüĿ֮޷εĵǡ
ϣط£Ŀǰط׶༪١
ȶԣݿϵĵǸŨһ˲ɤϣ΢΢ٴ˫ֽաǰ״ƺܹط硣
Σ
÷塢ĬˡͿеĲȻ޴棬˱Цݡ
˹ĳ֣ӡ֤ǰжϣ֤ǱܶսǼǵľͬʱǡ˵Ŀ⣬ͷ·ڿһȺˡ
ͨ
ʱһˮ
Ƿϵһֱ۵ĿȾѪ׹ˮУִܿˮдڳ˺ϡ
ҹĻ£Ƿɿͳһսֵҩ¡
ԲʦҸսֶˡ
һУĿͶ˰˹Ȼǰ˹ıŵӣܹ˹ָĳ˵Ҳǰ˹ѧ
˹һﲻ÷·Ҫγˮһ㡣
սϺڰֿɱ׳н˵ԶٱѧһܣƵò
һУսֺԣܴ裡
ʦԲûǸߣҲù뿪
ۿ˹ŲĿ⣬һضŹ˺Ѿǰط磬ɱڵ
Ȼ
Ļ˵꣬˹俪ڡ
죡
˹ŭһôòҡ
Ǹʦ
ŵͷһæǸȻнͣҿڣֻǽĿͶǵˡ
Եǰ벽ǿߣȻںϣûк˰벽
Ϊ֪˰벽ʲô
Ǵ˹ţųŻѧ̬ȡˣˣ
ಣ
ͬʱһƿ磬Ѹǵԡ
εķʽ֧ǣӱŻѧ̬ȡ
˹ʦսϺڰᡢ̿ĺڰǻѧ֣㻹֡Ԥһս
վǰüŻɢſֲϢİ˹ЩǴȥôս֣УΪ벽ǿߣǳ֣пǿߴսȫǿ߻ս
սûйڰֻץɱɱսֵһĳԱսֵкͳͷ
Թ뾯棬˹ںڰᡢ̿˺ˣΪγ֣ǸûйϵҲսûκιϵ
ţ
Ȼ˹ⷬǿ÷塢ĬˡͿȵ˺Щȫ鱨Աоһ
˹һ赭дĻ㽫սڰƲϵұʾǱȸɽׯһУս֯ġ
֮Ϊǵ˻˿
˹ٴοڣĻֱӡ֤˵Ĳ²⡣
ৡ
ٴ˹Ļط͹˵ɫٴһ䣬еķŭֱȫ¶ϡ
һУֻΪ˹۾˵Ϲʵ̫Ҫˣ
ŭ
Ҫ
˹һ仰ֱù˳ױߡ
ҿԲ׷ǻ˿飬Ǳ뽫ң򣬽죬һҲ߲ˣ
ҹĻ£˹ӹɣзˡ




1567 Լ
ҹ˹ǿƵͬһף쳹ʣþòɢ
ڵߵǷǣǿнԼս֡ϴɾ֮ǿƱ̬ȣҪɺܳ֡ɱսֵĸְɭ
˹սֹڰٳʣҪɱǻѧط磬ıδó֮ҪֻɱղŻǳ֡Щ飬ҶΪϴף
ǿЦ
УʼվڰУҪһսԲװһȻֻ̬Żֻα޳ܣ
ŭ£ͬʱ侲һѪָ˹ؼ
飬ȫʼնڹע˹ڶߵߵǷǣǲܵ飡
ңǾҲɱ㣿
Ļ˲˰˹ߣضŹ꣬ɱⱩǣǸо·ʱꡣ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
Ӧ˹ƿХ졢һʢˣһֱ˹ǵԡ
ȻǶ֪֣Ҳ޷Կ˹ڰ˹¶Ũҵɱ֮ѡ깲̬ȼ޷ˣ
˹ǽƻ
һĻںӰߵĸ궡̲סСֹһ䡣
Ȼ˹ǿΪԼսϴ֮󣬿ҪŹȥʵѶɱֻû֣ù˽
֮ǰѾ̬ȣǾԲύġ
һ˹ǵ͵ļȵӣƷ
ڲӰԼսǰ£Թ˳ֵ֣ȫѧҲųֵɣ
ⲻǽƻǿƣ
ҡҲˣŲͬļ⣬¶żЦݣ仰˵ѧһа벽ǿڳ˹Բ˵ûǻѧһǸǽ춼Ҫ
սѵҪѧ翪ս
Щ𾪣޷˫ĿսĻľ档
Ͼ뻪ǵϵѧһֱȫѧǿһ
üͷĬ
Ϊ֯ǿ˺δӰ˵ĽǶѰ˲ͬ
˹ܹʵǿǿʶǿϴףû⣬Թ˳֣ѧս
ѧʵѹ޷뻪ѧᲢۣ˹޿֣пһıɱѧǿߣѧʵ
ݿŵס˺˫Ϊ̫һ𣬶Щˡ
ΪĿǰƶط缫䲻һ֮֡꽻ˣطˣ겻ˣ˹֣طɻˣ
١νЩڰ޳ܡհ
ͬʱӰԶĺϣΪ̿ƶߵĬˣ̲סЦ
Ϊ˹ĻԻѧЩ˳֣
ͿЩɣϾ⽫޷Ԥϵĺ
µ񣬳ǱȻģɱЩˡû´Ļǳ֣
÷һ˸Ķ˸ǵĹâֻսֲһ𣬴Ӷ֮Ǳһʴ
ţ
Ȼ÷ⷬǰͿĬ˶һһ˼ƺڿǲҪ֡
֪ڿҪҪ֣ʵÿǡΪ˹϶⡪ǲԸ֣Ҳǿǳ֣򲻻뿪
÷״һЦȻǶԣҲһ¡ѧʵǿ󣬸ڶ࣬ûκһܹ⣬֣ǾͲ⡣¹˹ϸĳЩңлѧҫ۵ѧҶõҩ
һΣĬ˺ͰͿû˵Ĭ÷ĻҲ˳ֵ׼ͬʱٴνĿͶǰĺ档
ǲ㽻ˣ
ϣ˹һХʢӵꡢԺһϷʣǾڸϡ
УҪΪǰ벽ǿߣͿΪΪϵİ벽ǿֹ߲һ㻹ǿģ
Хŭھ˹Ҹұ֤ǽǱİ벽ǿߣͻ̤֯ƽѧ磡
Ҫ˵ѧ磬ڵŭѧ綼δسܵˣ
Ҳڷ棬ʦΪǿļ֮һǳ˹ȻǶ֡
ң
˹ԣһ飬ˣ
˵߻߻ɱȴҵʬ߹ȥ
ŭӦ̬ȼս졣
ѧû˵ث֣Ҫսս
ХҲŭһ׼ƴһս
һʢδڣͳͳƱǣر̬ȡ
ŴʦҸߡ
һ̡
͵˹ҪֵʱںӰߵط磬ͻȻڣһ
սһҪŰ˹뿪
Ϊʶ벽񾳵ֻĳ֣֪벽񾳵ǿ󡪡ꡢһХ졢ʢˣ֣Ҳ޷赲˹޷ıյĽֻܰװ
⡭ǲϣģ
ԣѡԼȫˣ




1568 

ȻطĻȫ˾һ
ƺû뵽طһ̿ڷ
׼ȷ˵
Ϊ˵ӡУطһǿޱȣʲôѣû
һΣûУ
Ƕײǽˣǻѡǽײˣ
Ρ
˶ʱ󼱣ͷط硣
Ҳؿط磬ֹ
ΪǶطⲻˡΪ˱ǵȫ
ΪطȴҪط籣ͬʱеޱȵı
˱֮⣬İû
иȥֻģĳһİ벽ǿһͬǰͲ䵽˿ˣ
ûлӦ
طһֱԾϺ棬ֱƮˡ
һ̣ͷ·սϵĸԱû˿η壬еֻǼᶨ
û뵽ǿƥջΪ˱ѧǿ߶ѡ
һĻӶ԰ĸ궡̲ס̾˿
ٸһսμʶطķɣطӡ󼫼ѣύ
ȸ㳡һսᵽطǿǿƣط⣬ǰĿꣻ
طÿԳƵϴţĻˣ겻ѡ
ھǰһıƶǰ׷ѣԱסѧǼˣǵѡ񣬷ǽ춼Ҫ
궡²ͬҡû˿ͬ飬һЦ
Ϊ޸֯ǿ˵עվطĶ棬ܹδǿµĶɥôܻͬ飿
̫ϧˡ
̾˿Ȼ֪طΪطĹϵľޱ֣һҲϣʹ䡣
ѡѵҪ𣿡
ݿ̲ס˫ͨ죬ǰ֪ʱһˮ
طΪ˱סѧ˵ѡһмİ˹Ҳ޷κͿԼˡ
ΪطʲôԸԼȥطţʲôˣ
Ҫ
ͬʱطӰ̲סаԼ
ط˽⣬طȻжϳ˹սû׼
֮⣬үүλƶ֯ǵˣֹһθ˵طΪʱǣ
㣬ţطڴˣ
ǰǻѧһа벽ǿ֣߳طԽǱ֮֡
ȵĲ²ǶԵģط׼ʵʱ©
ԭΪ漣û뵽漣ջֹˣ
ǰ꣬軪㹻ʱ䣬ȥɳ֮·ĻطӻԻͣԿԳΪȫǿ֮һۣ֮
Щȫ鱨Աط˹Ҳ̲סۣ֮гϧ
١Ƥӵͦǵġ
ǰԶĺϣĬҲЦſˡ
ȻѡŰ˹ߣǰ˹ûɳˣǶҲһ¡
Ϳǰ˿ԣڰᡢ̿վһӪ뻪ѧ翪ս
÷üͷûп
֮ϣ˹ֵġ
Ϊ¹˹ϸҶ˻ҩоɹ֮ط缸γͻѺͻѧ粻ݣ˫綼һս
һ£ȻϣڰԸѧ硣
Ĭ֮࣬ĿͶ˹ıӰ
ϣ˹һηط磬üͷš
ԣһʼ飬Ϊѧһ벽ǿߡ
һʼļƻǻѧûа벽ǿߣͲ֡
ط縪׳нı¼򣬶ڱȸɽׯչֳð˹е𾪵ʵǱ
һ̣ǸţպضΪȫǿ֮һѧ粢Ǻ¡
ΪˣҪϧһд۱׽ط磬˿طͣõطϵع
ʧ֮ı⣬Ҫ׽ط磬ҪɱˣȻϸԿֻΪĻѧ磬ѧʵ
طʧȥ˳ֵɡƽ޹ʵضԹ˳֣ҪܻѧŭȫѧҲ޷һᱻ͢ԣ
ǡͦģ֪
󣬾͵ط缴ߵǰʱ򣬰˹ˡ
ϳżЦݣ̼Źˣùƴط磬һԺ޹˼ɵسˡ
еͷƴһսսǽҲù
˹ĻԺսƢ𱩵ļХ̲סˣ֪طͷĿģԣԸվҲԸ
û㣬ɱˣ
ʢҲ̬ˣǿطɳģμ֤ط纴ѧҫطһĸ飬ط֮ǰЭɱأھһ˿ôط
һսͺãҪȥǽ
ҲˣҲԸطȡԼţǻΪڵĳ裬Ҳź𣬳Ϊѧ֮·İʯ
ʦ᳤ʥʦŴʦΣллΪһС
طͣ½Ų˫ˮпٰڶںͬʱŹϹлȻƴܹһϣĻҾԲ飬֪벽񾳵ǿҲϣǰװ
㲻ϣѵǾϣǿȥԻѧͬʣֻΣ
꿪ˣֱӱ˱֮ģʲô˵ˣҪսһսҪһˣֻκͻѧǿҲΪǱ𣡡
š
Ļط绹˵ʲô˵ڣ㱻Хһŭϡ
Уͳ֣
ХվȺǰŭӰ˹
ҳȫ㣡
˹ЦһһΣֱХ죬׼ȻɱХ죡
У˭ѧ翪սĵӣ
ʱһȻӺӰͬһںϿը졣
䣬Ӱ֡
ҹĻ£һ̤˶ƺƴ




1569 ߵ
ৣ
źߵĻ£ڳɫһ䣬ԼͬؽĿͶ˺ߡ
˹
ȻֹסΣʱԼХ֣ߵͬʱ޷ε𾪡
û
𾪣
Ϊٲ֮󣬵һʱӦͲ鿴ܣһǡʢͼХˣδӦߵĴڡ
֮ǰϸӦһǰһ
˿̣ǱϷƵƾճ֣ǿޱȡԷ֪ǰ벽ߵǰ£ǿƿڣҲǰ벽ǿߣ
һУܲ𾪣
Ȱ˹ԣĬˡ÷ͰͿей֮޲Գ֮Ϊȫϣ
ΪͨԷ˵ǻԿ϶ڻӪ˹һж϶Էпǰ벽ǿߣ
ڸղţǱѹֱӽɢò׵ȵ˹Ťת˾ƣӪһһ벽ǿߡ
ζţƽٴθı䣬ֺĹϵҲٴηת
ǣط硢˶Щ𾪣
ΪǼƻֵ֮ˣʼûиӦߵĴڣ
֮࣬˶ɴ۾ؿźķͼߵĳࡣ
žžž
̤ˮУͬһԷ֣ٶȼ죬һˮЩˮγһˮܣһ˺Хƿֲ
ͬʱΪˮ赲˹ڣܹߵĳࡣ
ϵ۰ѧӪһȻһˣ
ƻ𣿡
Ȼ֪ǲƻģԿ϶˺ǿ϶ǰ벽ǿߣǻѧӪĵƣ
źܻˮХЩȫ鱨Ա֮࣬׷̲סڡ
ҹĻ£һǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ڼ֮飡
һ棬߳ǰĻ̫ǿƣķʽ̫𺳣
һ棬ⳡ۷һսѾһˣߵĳ֣ٴһսùϲ⣬ұؽޱȣǴ۸
Ĵ滹ȥ
ͬʱ궡Ҳ̲סڣȻҲ޷˵ӣ֪˵ݣΪ˱ؽŤתƣط͹˴Ӿнȳ
ҡûпüͷɫЩѿ
ȻΪڰ޸֯ǿ˵һҲϣطţϣ԰˹Ϊ׵ĸֱӶط˳֣ѧս
һ˼
ǰֵһĻԤıѧĵƣؼǵã֮ǰķ߿طΪ˱ס˵ѡݵġ
仰˵طеδĻӣôˣ
Ȱ˼⡣
ݿûô࣬ǿһ㣬ûҲ
Ϊźߵĳ֣ѧӪٴռϷ磬ط罫Σգ
˼ͬʱ˵ע£ط˵ĲԶȻ٣ߵˮˮ䣬˿ĳࡣ
Ĳ࣬ȥЩСһûаǿϢͨղųķʽ֪ǿֻͨĳطԼʵ
һŹŨüۣɫһͷںڵĳڼͷȥȫһߣһɲϵϢ˿ͲСֻѪŨʢڸ䡣
ţ
֮Ϊվںӱ߹սˣǰ˹÷塢Ĭ˺ͰͿˣط͹ˣЩ£
ΪǶʶߣҲδжûм
ѵǺ⻪ѧˣ
ꡢһǡХʢ˶һۣ˶ԷеãȻȻԼͬӿֳһ²⡣
ΪѧƶߵǣڻѧνָƣԿ϶ûгֹˡ
οǿǲ֪ĻߣҪսڴ֮ǰȻҲ͹ϵ
Ͼǻ֯ĸΣĿǰֹ
˹ز˹꼸˱еɻһط꼸֮ǰΪԿ϶߲ǹ׼ĺֻߵơ
ʲôˣ
˹ͷѯʣͬʱضźߣ·Ҫߵǳ
˹ѯʣ˷׷׶źߣȴźߵĻش
ҹĻ£۾գһ£´ĳҪڡ
ϯӣ
˵ע£߻ڣˣ쳹Ͽա




1570 ʦ
ϯӣ
źߵ£ȫһƬţ˶ɵˡ
ͳͳɵˣ
ΪĺճĸѸײڶ֮ƻȫ򣬳Ϊȫصע
ǣɽɡҺ˵Ӱǰ
Ϊк˶ȫľ棡
Ϊ˱飬֤˵ĴڣǿսͿµѧǱ˿ǿ֮һ
Щȫ鱨Աȡ궡¡ҡݿˣǰ˹÷塢Ĭ˺ͰͿˣǶп֣ܳҲû뵽ճֵ˾Ȼֻ˵Ĵӣ
һ̣꼸е𾪣˹˶ԣֱй֮޲
ΪǶ֪ǲڵģ
ǵģ
Ƕ֪ط֮һλʦʵϲڡѧû
ǻ֯Ӧ˵ȷڣɽɡҺΪ飬ֻΪط磬طӵһõǿɽԸطͶ
һ£һλߣڻѧӪΣʱԳԼ˵ϯӣ
⡭ǵ𺳿֪
Ȼ
˿̣Ϊ𾪵ط磡
˵ȷһõʦֻԼ֪Ĵڵġ
׼ȷ˵˴ϸս괫ؼ̫үɽ׳غĵʿͽˣ
ǰؼ̫үɽ˵ĳ֮׳ٴǰȥ˵ʱѾȥˡ
ûһˣڵ۸һһ·أǰһӣд֮Ĺ
ˣӵ̲ʵԳ˵ϯӳֱ֣ط˾ξˣ
ѵǵеСʿ̫ү֮ǰѧϰغ
Ȼ˵ϯӣ֤˻ӡ̫ү׳Ҳ˵ĵӣ
Σʱ̳֣Ϊ̫үͬţ
̫үĹǸ
ȻԻڣô̫үغҲδ˽й֮սΪʲôͻȻȥ

֮࣬һͷɻطи֣Щңһʱ޷𰸡
СʦܣҽҶ죬ʱʦϰʮꡣʦҶ뿪Ҳûм˼ҡԴϢ֮һֱڹע㣬棬ѯʦ˼ҵ飬ټѰֱҲҵᡣ
𺳵ͬʱҶͻȻĿͶط磬ĿͶ飬дżңҿˣǴ˴Σա
󡭡ʦ֣лл
ҶĻطһֱȭлҳƺҶΪʦ֡
Ȼ̫̫ʣغ˴ģһӹɡ
һҶĳ˵Ҳͬš
ҶԳϯӣôƺҶΪʦ֣ûκ⡣
Сʦܣͬʦ֣ʦѣʦֳ֣쾭壬лл
Ҷ쵭ȻһЦȻ󲻵ط翪ڣˣСʦܣԺУŻѧûǿǰһѧ磬Ҫɱ㣬ֱ
õģʦ֣
طӦеĵ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ȻͻȻðĴʦ̫ʣƾԼλʦǿƵ̬ȺȻδ˹
һԼ͹˵Σˣ
ҶûٷϻǽĿطŲͶ˹ϵЦݵȻ޴棬Ŀе飬Ҳһ˲˱ɱ⣡

ܵҶǿµɱ⣬˹ǵûие£Цǽһ޼ɵǸǰ˵ĻҿԽܡֻĵӣҲǰ˿ɱңҵҪôɱң
ţ
˹޼ɵĴЦͳмĻ˲˴Ҷ챬ݺлعͬʱ˰˹ָ
Ǵ˵еĴڣԹûκϿ֤ǿߴڣ
һ£û˻ǿߣԵ޽ӽ񾳣ΪҲǰ벽񾳣ǰ벽Ĵڡ
ҶԳ˵ϯӡ
һ벽񾳵ߣܹ̳벽񾳵ĵô
οһ򲽽Ҷǰ벽
ҶƾʲôſԻɱͬΪ벽ǿߵİ˹
ƾʲô
Ҷû˹ѿ֮ͬһ㣬ʱʱɱѪڣ糱Լ
ţ
ط״ͫ˲Ŵ֪Ҷ߶غ

ʱҶһ˲ڰ˹ǰֱһȭ
ʵжӦ˹




1571 벽ǿ֮ս
ҹɫīҶ·ƾһڰ˹ǰ˻ƣȭһöŵڵһ㣬ٺ˹
һУֻһ֮䣬ò˼飬ٲܣΨط͹Ⱦǿ߿ԿҶĳֹ̡
ȡ궡¡ҡǿʵգʵδԽ۷ǿߣ޷塣
ţ
ط翴Ҷ֮ͫ׶ȻŴ
ΰ벽ǿֵ֣߳Ķͬһˡƻġ
һΣƻĳִоƶ߾Ʒ塣
ڶΣƻڷޣǿƴҪطֵĺԡҰˡ
УƷʵҪǿںԡҰޣھǿµĴ֮һ洫ȭƻƴƻдУƻĵһĳһƣѧʽûжá
ƻγ֣ط˼Ϊ̵ӡҲ԰벽ǿߵʵһŵ֪
˿ֻ̣һۣط㿴Ҷͬƻһ͸Ǹ𵴿γɵˡ
͸壬ɱС
չϵأΪǿߵı־
ҶȻû񾳣һܵˣƻǰƺƴ󣬻ɢҲƻǰư硣
֣طףҶʵӦƻ֮¡
ط綼һ㣬ο˹ˣ
١̤ǰ񾳵·͸ҿڳԣ
˹˲жϳҶΪ벽ʱ䲻ãϡЦһ
ϸĩһΪ벽ǿߣʮչؿޣδΪǿߣŨȣԶҶɱȡ
ɲǼ䣬˹߶һǿ˻ܣӭźХȭͬһȭ
һȭûжɱս񱬣ֻͨʽ
ΪͨŨϡ̶ȣжϳҶʵΪɱҶ練ƣѹòɱС
䡪
˹Ҷ켸ͬʱȭԴһˣиʻĻ𳵣ҵײһ𣬷һ졣
ֱӺɢ˽µˮһ޴˻
˻ɽ˹ҶβֹͬŴսɱͽԻӳгǹԱΪǹˡȭΪǹͷ
һȭײ֮˵ȭҲݺݵײһ𣬿µھͬʱ
žžž
˵ȭͷһֿͬʱˣˮ治ը
У˹ϰײסΣȭһƬͨ죬΢΢ڸѪ
Ҷ죬ֻ˲ʮףȭֻǷ죬δȾѪ
֮Ϊԣһ۾ܿ
˹Ѫˣ
찡˹սֱˣǸҶʵ֮ϣ
˹ҪˣֻҪһ÷塢Ĭ˺ͰͿҲˣ
ӰߣЩȫ鱨Ա¾
ʵСǣȻ޷ҶͰ˹ֵḶ́ܿ˽ֵĽͨ˵״̬жϡ
Щ鱨ԱͬǲԶȵûпֻضźϵҶͰ˹
ʵδԽ۷ǿߣҲ޷˽ֵḶ́δ˵һνֵĽäĿжϡ
ΪǶ֪˸ղŵĽ̽ԵĹδս
ң˹ȻˣֻƤˣսκӰ죡
ǣԹꡢΪӪͬľǿҲԴͬûгǽŵعעųϵƣͬʱȴ˫ڶν֡
ϣ˹ûüضҶ죬üĿ֮ھȡ
ΪҶƺϡսȫ˰˹Ԥסɱеһȭ˰ٲһĻѣ
˵ͨ񾳵·꣬ɱ㣬㹻ˣ
ڰ˹ȵͬʱҶҲûмڳ֣ǰȻֱӰ˹˫ۣٶȿڣͬӴ쳹Ͽա
ʦȻΪ벽ǿֻв꣬ŨԶ˹غʵսڰ˹֮ϡ
ҶĻղŵĽ֣طĵǳʧ
СغغĿ£ߵ־ͬǿ󣬶ҿ߹ʱ򣬶ʽмӳɵĹЧ
ҲΪһ㣬ط֮ͬսδйһܣҶѹ֮ƻʤ羳սҲս޲ʤͬвˣ

˹ٴηЦЦгϷʵĸоֻһʱ⣬űѻڣΪʸһսҲٸκλᣡ
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˵ھ֮۵ΪղҶ춯ɱǿɱУռϷ硣
ǿɱУҶκλᡣ
⣬һʤʦֻὫǰ˹ˣ
һĻطٴжϡ
Ϊ˹͹Ҷʵ̬ܵӰ죬ڻɱҶ죬档
ɱĴɣע˰˹ı磡




1572 һָ˵УһָɱУ

˹ȫ߶鲼𵴿Хһ޴ˮͬһˮںƶƿֲ

˹һŭ𣬱ɱҶǰұ˳һȭ
ɲǼ䣬һŨžӿҶ֣ȭ֮ϣȭ֮׷ըγһƬգһֲˣͬ쫷һ㣬Ҷϯƿֲ
սȭռɱ
ս񱬣
ΪһνֳԿ˹ڻɱҶ죬һسӡ
һֱӶǿɱСս񱬡
һ̣ͬһս·ɱ˲ݣһǿ޵еơ
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ȻǶʶ벽ǿ֣߳˹һȭڰ벽ǿߵУҲʵǿǸ޷ֵ˲䱻ɱ
طи֮̾࣬ԼͬؽĿۼҶϣ뿴Ҷεֵ˹ǿɱС
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ҶȻ㲻Ψ˫ԼٶȲˮ棬ƽ⣬վ׮Ƶģһӱֱǹ
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⣬ΪԼжǶԵġҶղѾǿս˿ԼǿٲȻסˣʧȥѵĶᡣ
̣ΪҶȻʧȥᣬǱȻᱻһȭشɱ
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ڰ˹ȭҶֻвһ׵ʱҶ춯ˡ
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ͻıʣð˹ϵЦ˲̣ʶصͷԼȭֻȭһƬѪģ
⡭ôܣ
֣ð˹һ
޷ţԷƾһָƵǿɱУһ˵
ô
ʵܸ˰˹𰸡
һɿµ˲䵹ɣͬʱһͨ˿ӿұۣ˺ֱϵľұ۾ʹޱȡ
ţǵ˺ֱ۾֮޿ײ룬ұ۴ȫشݻĹѪ⡢ࡣ
һʱھ壬Ҳܵ˲СˣǶѪ˿

ط͹ꡢȾǿҲЩ¡
Թꡢ˶ԣֻ֪Ҷ˹ĵһν̽ԵĽ֣һʵʵĽ֣ǰûжϣû뵽һνֵĽ֮ǰ𺳡
һָɱУһָ˵У
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طȻ֪ҶغжϳҶһսܣҲû뵽Ҷһַʽܰ˹ʤ
͡˹ٴˣ
һƬѪ죬ȥƱ֮ǰضˣһս
ͬʱӰЩȫ鱨ԱҲ׷׿˰˹ȾѪɵĻ棬ٴξ
һΣȵ˶ûп֮࣬ҲĬЩ鱨ԱĻ
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ಣ
·Ϊӡ֤Щ鱨ԱжƵģҶһָɰ˹֮ӱóȥֹܿסΣһ򵹷ɶİ˹
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˹һŶըˮĽһӰٵӰߡ

󣬰˹ѡ
Ϊ֪ԼսʢʱǿɱУԷһָУ˿ѾˣսĻֻ·һ
ʵϣڸղţ˹֪Ҷ˵ϯӣҶϡ֮жϳҶֻǸճΪ벽ǿûãΪԼѴ֮ɽҶɱ
һ̣ҶеνֵûУתӣ޲ϳ̵ľȫΪ벽ǿߵ϶˾⣬ǰһ̬γ˽Ȼķ

һĻطڣ˶סˡ
׷ʲô
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ЩںӰߵЩȫ鱨ԱȵˣΪûп彻ֵḶ́һ£гʡ
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Ӧǵһͺȡ
ϣҶȫ߶ٶȷӵ˼£ܿ˹ľ롣

󣬾͵˹ӵӰߵʱҶƾٶ׷˰˹˹࣬ٴδһָ
ʳָͬһѷı̳ѸͶǿƲɵ
飡
һ죬˹ͷδ㱻Ҷһָ̫Ѩ
ۡ
ͨ
ɲǼ䣬˹ԴըѪɣͷʬӦС
һָ˵УһָɱС
Ҷɱ˹




1573 ǿĻѧ
˹ˡ
֮䱻Ҷɱ
ȫ
һ̣ټٲһƬž˶ɴ۾ŰȻںϵҶ죬һš
Щȫ鱨ԱԣΪ벽ǿߵɱܼҡܾʣȴû뵽֮ͷֳʤˡ
ǲͬȡ궡¡ҡΪһǿɱʤֻһ˲䡣
Ƕս˶̵ʱڽе⣬Խ𾪡
ǿǰ˹
ѧ̩ɽսֵĴǿߣ൱ڻ֯Σ˵ͽ˰벽ǿ򣬽νϯӸɱˣ
ңҶ֮ǰͻư벽ǿ߲꣡
⡭ֱ߸Ƕ԰벽ǿѧ֪ѧԽ棬ʵԽѣ羳սҲԽѣ
Ҷδ羳ͻʮ̫꣬
ꡢǡһʢͼХ켸Ҳˡ
Ҷ˹һνֹ󣬳ͻư벽񾳲ʱʵΪҶһ亹ڶҶһָƵ˹ǿɱУ˵˰˹ð˹սӡ
һ̣𺳵ǣ
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ΪⲻһƾеɱһߵսҶѹ֮ƽ˹ɱ
ô
ͬʱսֵĿ÷塢Ĭ˺ͰͿˣǴľںϣؿҶ죬ȫһɻռݡ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
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֮⣬˲䶼ʶһ㣺̡˹ˣսûκ
Ҷһָͷܹ˹ɱǺһֻʲô
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˵еûг֣Ĵӳ֣ɱ˰˹ʵ޷󣬻ѧ絽жǿ

͵˷׷ɱͬʱЩȫ鱨Ա׷׸̾ѣֻò˼ݡ
˼ô
˵ĴӾܻɱ˹˸жǿǿߣ޽ӽ񾳰ɣ
һߣҲ̲סˡ
Ϊ͢ʥŮõĽͺڰһս
͢һֱΪⳡսﱸַͨʽͼͷ
Խ͢ԣǻѧ磡
񣬰ʶҶǿͻѧŽᣬΪ͢ڳ˵λ뻪ѧȣ͢ʵǲ
˵жǿ֪Կ϶֮˺ͻѧﵽǰδеĵز궡Ҳ̲ס̾
Ϊڰ޸֯ǿ˵İҡǱ˳Ĭüͷһأ·𿴵˻ѧδǳаսƲɵĻ棡
ͬĬͬʱ뵽үүϯߵһ仰
δǳսȫֵĸı䣬ѧеĹؼڻѧ磬طؼ˵ģʱǣ




1574 书
Ӱߣڸ̾󣬲ԼͬٴνĿͶ˺棬ȻҶѾӵطߡ
Ҷʦлл
յһʱ䱧ȭ֮гء
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ҲǻѧһӣֻӦ飬л֮˵
Ҷ΢ЦŰ˰֣ȻĿͶط磬οϵСʦܵİΣ
ʦ֣
طԣûٵлǳҶĴָԵ̾
԰˹ʵܹɱ˲ֻܹ࣬ö̶֮ڻɱĸָ
Ҷֱָ似ݣ
ʦҵ书ҶǫЦЦ
ʦ֣ղõָҲʦģ
طһҶܹѹ֮ƻɱ˹غȻռҪãҶõָҲҪ
ҲЩȣҶõָȫɱȸѧĴУҪӿ¡
ţָСָɽھһ㱬ǿ󡣡
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ûС
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ҶʦΣģȥǰ濴ʲô
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ΪˣҶҪط紫ڡָպʶȤ˸뿪׼ռҶطˡ
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ҶҡҡͷٵʱżȻʦģȻʦɽдʮꡣʦҪұʦֿˣ֪˼Һ顣

طԣףҶȻ֪ɽǱȻǲԼ̫үĹʱˡ
Ĺص˵˭
ط̲סаԼ
ûд𰸡
ˣʦ֣̫ү˵һʦģʦڹķ̫үȥҹʦûмʦֻʦĹ
ʲʲô
ҶɫȻһ䣬ԵЩʦʦ˼ȥˣôܣ
ʦ֣̫ү˵ģҲǺ˽⡣
طʵ˵Ҳɻ
ˣԼ̫ү̫Ρ
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Ƭ̺ҶתһЩٴοʵ
ʡ
طǸشȻֲʦ֣̫ү˵ɽξʦĹҲƽˣѾˡ

Ҷص̾˿û˵
ط״Ҳûпڴš
ֹƬ̣ꡢǡһʢͼХ˼ͬʱص˺ϡ
ҶʦǼһӣ޷ǻɱ
ˣһǸضҶ˵
޷ȻûɱǾͽСʦܰɣǵСʦܵĥʯҶҡͷȻ󿪿˵
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Ҷôһ˵˻Ȼ˲Ҷ֮ǰΪûж÷塢˳ֵԭ
һṼҶʦһƬģõĽɳΪǿߣɻɱǼˣ
Ҷ֮ٴοڣüĿ֮ڴ
ǡһʢͼХ죬Ƕط
ȻǿطΪǿֻʱ⣬ҾǿߣԲط֮·յ㣡
Ҷ΢Цײ˸һ¡




1575 ǿ֮޵
СʦܣӵսպɾͿ϶֮ϣɹ
ҶҲڶطʾ֮ͣǰĿطЭʢɱءĳ
ʱطѡЩҶԤϣطǿӳԤϡطӲƴһû
ˣô
ʢһǵʵ֪طѾԼʵݸҶ죬ʶƺطΪ
ʢѯʣҶ죬ǹˣ뵽ط֮ǰ˵飬Ƿսʤ˵ϲ˲䵭࣬ȡ֮Ҳǵǡ
ƱȽأû˵ֻҪһʱɻָ󲻻Ӱ䡣
˵ĵǣط΢΢һЦӲƴһУ඼в̶ͬȵˣԻָһָ֮󣬶սӰ졣
Ǿͺã
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طΪ޷ˣӰδ֮;һ޷ԭԼὫԼɻѧĵˣ
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ʢҶ͹ҲǷ
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ƺֱ˿̣ط쵽һУ
궡ʢˣֻöѡطֵúǫ顣
Ϊ֪Ҷĳֲڼƻ
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ͬʱȰй۲ط磬аԼӿֳ𰸣طĿ㳯
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ȶط翪ڣһԵİҡͻȻЦһܺãƺˣָ֪ܻܲ
£ҡֱضط磬Ǹо޲طȥ
ΪΪڰ޸֯ǿ˵δעҪطվڶϣطյƲӰĻΪͺڰһֲĶجΡطչֳʵɱ
ȡݿ궡ͬҲڿط磬밲ҡͬϣطƻӰ쵽ѧ֮·
ƺʶ㡣
طб˰ҡ¶һۣ赭дػһ䡣
㡭
ҡ¶ֻԼط統ڳһǶ⣬еܳ裬ջѡ
Ȼ
ջջûҳ֣һݻû̳
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ҡýֺͷ뵽ֻҪҳ֣ȴĽʢһʢȥ̽
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ʦϲ㣬ֵµĴ˵
ҡ뿪֮ȳط΢Цգգ۾ٴγΪȫĶҲĵ˳ҹߣ




1576 Ȧص㣬ߣ
ҹɫīƻ財
ǼٲٲѾӰˣյģˮڰҹԵø
һɽͷϣһֱ۵Ŀվںҹŵƹ貵ٲ쳣ѿ
Ϊ˶Ըطս־Ĳ֣ҲϧðűֵķգϺڰᡢ̿ĺڰ˹Ĵǿ߶ˣ

طһһи׳нսֲòΪġɽڱȸ㳡ɱķȫؽߡ
֮󣬿ΪԽ˻°ɱѧڶǿߣشѧ磬ǵûдﵽĿģð˹ԼҲϵһֱۣͬɥ֮Ȯһ
ʯͷԼĽš
սֵʵдգ
֮⣬ýֺͷ뵽սֽٸ֣Ҫܻѧŭ
Ϊʲôһ
ţţ̲סԼ
ûд𰸡
һУͬξһеĲʵֱ۴ʹԺͬجһĻ䣬ڸһжġ
ѧԹһս

󣬿ҡҡͷһȻʧ˺ҹС
Ȼ֮ҪϱȻӦԽҪ顣
ͬʱ
뿭ɽͷ෴幫ﴦΪ峤İͿͬڿҹĻµٲͬһʹġ
ΪеڡԼûȥԼĸʾţԼĵܵܰ˲˴˴ж
ΪԼܵܰ˵еʹġ
ΪٵľеֻšѧҪʵʩô죿
ѧðһ˵ĴӣӵŰ벽񾳵ʵָɱ˹֪ѧ绹жٿֲǿߣ
һ򲽽ֻ˵Ĵӣٿأ嶼ѵֵ׵ʵδؾͱȰ˹ǿ
ұ̻عȻȥҸףδ
ܿ죬ͿȻʧ˺ҹС
ͬżŷ޴½ĻĬ÷壬̿˺ͺڰܲ
Ĭ˦ʥʦǵ׷ɱ֮ûͰȥҹĻµٲǼںҹﴩѾԶٲʮˡ
ģǸ˵ĴΪʲôôǿ
Ĭһ߼ٴһаԼ
ƺֱһ̣޷ܣҶָɱ˹ʵ
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ĬˣϣϵĶſ´Уǵһȡ
һ̣Ĭ˵Ժ˴̿˵Ļ
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ȿͿĬ˶ԣ÷иš
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ڹȥ굱УڰһһҶĵط緢ͻ˫Ѵﵽ˲ݵĵز
񣬻ѧƻĺʹ˵е֮⣬ðһˣ˵ĴӶӵа벽񾳵ʵǰ벽ǿ֮еĶڡ
֮⣬ͨһ֮ǰĻжϳѧɽɡҡڶа벽񾳵Ĵڡ
֮ǰ鱨ֻ֯ǻɡ²⣬ѧܴڰ벽ǿߣֱʵˡ
֪ѧ绹ΪϡǿѧҺļңұȻҲа벽ǿߵģ
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ұҪҵ죬㱨ĿǰƣڰΣˡ
Ȼ÷пֻŲѣδʧȥǣ֪֮Ҫҵ¹˹

͵÷塢ĬˡͰͿ˾֣뾡ȥҸԵĹǵͬʱǼٲһսĽѸײڶ֮ƴȫÿһ䡣
ǣԽ֯ڰ̳ӣٴ̳
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ΪҹδߣһֱڵǰȴطϢȵȷӡ
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1577 Ϊ벽ǿ
ѧʵ̫ǿˣÿݣ
ǰѧƻġ֮֯⣬ڡɽɡҶа벽ǿߣҺļұȻҲеģټˡҶʦͽˣ벽ǿߵʮˣȫѧܹжٸ벽ǿߣ
ֲûѧԹȫѧҪݵ̺ʹУȫ޷ȵģ

ǼٲһսĽ˰̳ȫ𶯡
֮⣬ѧչֵǿҲøеļɵ
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ͬʱܶҲ¹˹ϸ˴лѧҫ۵Ҷѧûչ׺ݱ̶ܴΪ¹˹Ҷͬʱߣͬ档
仰˵һ棬ǱΧУڵӪҲѴĵؽб
֮⣬һԭ
¹˹ʱϵ̫ˣĳЩȣǣ̫㣬ѧʧȵؽбҲܶÿб
ڸ𶯡ͷͬʱطҶ졢ѻص˾뾰ԶСׯ԰ڲѾԻ
Թ˶ԣ˾ǿ˶̤ǰ񾳵һʱ䶼ڱչأԽԽ٣˴˼桢Ļѵá
磬꣬չؽ꣬ʼ޷̤һѡأʱȡƻܻ֯Ĺ
֮ǰΪطİΣȻһ𣬵ҲûôѧĽ
οջҶһ벽ǿڣ
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ҶʦҸ׺ͼеأΪǿߣ㣬⣬
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ҿν⣬ʵ⾳⾳κһ⾳ǲͬġ磬ڸɺɳĮǽȻͬģǵ⾳ҲӦͬ
Ҷ¾Ʊ˵Լļ⣬߶ԣ书ͬ⾳ҲͬҪ⣬ȭҪȭ⣬Ҫ⡣֮⣬һΪȭҲãҲգ⾳ֻһ֡
ԣͬȭߣȭʱǲͬġ⣬ҪѧԼص⣬ȻҪǡ򡣡
Ҷⷬ˶һ˼ϸ򣬶طδڸ
֮Խ⵱ŦھѪںϣֻҪ⣬һףڰֻ̤Ҳǰ벽ǿߵ
֮Ҷۿ˶˼״̬лع񣬲żҪһѶȿȵ죡ҪԼĵڣ۶ɢһ㣬ҲһĨڣҸԼãҪε⣬п书޹أѧȻ֮µ⾳
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ұؽ߾ȫ
ط֣صͷҲĿꡣ
һ棬ֻɱ¹˹ΪԼʦҶ𡪡İ¹˹Ѿǰ벽ǿˣҪһ㣬뾡ʵճΪ벽ǿ߲У
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Ҫѩ֣߽ҴԺѩһĻ
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1578 ¼
ҹλǼٲĲƵ꣬һƬľ
Ƶһһ԰Ƶ꣬ӵһܴĻ԰ʻʢÿһξ붼и͵ȪΪš
Ƶܹһ¥;Ŷ鲼ڻ԰ÿһ䡣
ҹƵ껹вٷŵƹ⣬ٿΪֵ
ȻǶûпһУҲԼ˵ˣۣý巢ϢҫԼ֤˽ʱ̡
ʱǺ׵һͬʱȴһεĴţЩҪ߽ڴ֮⡣
ȻǶԣֻ֪ƬϢ׼ȷ˵ֻ֪ߴսǣĺھսʲôˣӵʲôʵһսȵȣǶһĨڡ
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ÿλòͬϢԴ۽硢ֵȵȣ֮𣬴ӶĽǶҲźܴĲͬ
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ĵǹŵģǿŵģЩصġ
Ϊͨط֮ǰİʾжϳط棬ʶһֱڵط磬ǽһ
ԡֻһԡۣһͷɫĳڼͷδɣϵױѾжȥյȻµͬһ㣬۵ļƣһ˫ֱĴ¶˯棬룬㾧Ө͸ָͿĨ˵ĺɫ촽ɫӳ
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ৣ
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װģΪʲôҪ˵Ǹأ
ݿط磬գգĴ۾

طԶԣܹܵݿеİ鶯
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һǣݿͶ룬·ķʽ˵ʲô
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ֱݿԼѵʱ򣬲Ųؽһǣµͬĺһ÷·Ҫγˮһ㡣
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طز׽źţڵġħǷƵģ˲ơơһ½ݿҡ
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ôˣ
طξѣæסݿһĵʵ
ҡǸˡ
ݿС˵ţԴ޲

طԣֱӵɴ۾һ±Ƶɿݿ
ݿѹȥط磬Ƿɿԡס棬´ֱܽ䣬Ҵĵơ
ƹ£ݿӶ͸ˣǸо޲Ҹطȥˡ
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1579 ȫ
ݿ˰СʱŻصطߡ
ڹȥСʱǴ裬Ȼֵԡϴһ̺ڹʱ䡣
Ϊ֪ط硣
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ԵչҪԣջǹվطǰֱط۾ڣ϶Ǹ⣺װģԲҲǹƭģǸûǵһʶΪԼˡԡ
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ط΢ЦŴݿĻ˵ǵһŮ˵һܻš
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طѾδˣ˵Լط红ֻطʩѹطΪ˸
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Ȼطڹ꼱뿪ܺ棬δѯʣֻǴӦ
õġ
طĻݿаûڸղŵʱ䣬ͬʱǧ㲻ᣬǵһʱӦδԼϣ෴ΪĵĲʧ䣬գգ۾ʵװģҪ죿

طԣһ
ݿ״ٷϻֱǰطƵ˴ϡ

һСʱطݿĻУԾʧ˺ҹУ̺ܿ졣
Ŀ죬Ƕͨ˶ԡ
ӵгԽǿʵȶԣط޷ھֻܶͬطš

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ǿԵִġڹȥЩ굱УЩɻʧûеԭġ
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˵ͣһ£ּڵڶԭΪǵı

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յϢսӵ嵽λ벽ǿߣ˹ֻ֮һǱģʶΪսֵĵһθˡ
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ǵģʷϣͼ߸ȫ֣ҷսȻδɹÿһζȫɾ޴ĸı䣬һԭǿܶࡣ
Ӹ𸴣һ棬ǿ󣬵ȴΪΪһɢɳڰȫͳ죬һγǿս
طٴγĬˣԭΪԼʵѾܿˣֻҪΪǿߣ㲻پκһĴ򱬰¹˹ղŵĻ׵߸Ĺ
֮Լ뿪ǵսҲǵϾγôˣܽһ򾡣Իѧش
˵ǰ뿪Եɣزһ䣬㣬ԲΪƻ˵ûǿߣϣΪǿߵˣ


1580 ȫҾֿ
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Ȼս˫ȭĿᶨӵʮλ벽ǿߣ¹˹һԱΣһ죬һšԴҾͽİ벽ǿͳͳ򱬣̤ƽӵڹ֮£
֮ҪȻָƣȻʦڵġָͻƣ似ﵽ۷壬Ϊ۷ǿߣһұӵǿɱս
طᶨбɱ¹˹֮󣬲ܹǷӰ죬˻ָƽ侲˵Ҫ顣
뵽طȻ߶ҩͻҩҩЧʼ޸ơ
ȣҪھ˿ϣָ״̬̺ܼ򵥣ҩ
ѵǵڶҲһþܹ֮ǰھС
һΪĵزҪطһھпʼֱȫ߶ھ
ʵͨ˼ʹ˺һֻǵһڶҪָ
ڴ˹УԲ֮ܲ
޸Ʋ֮ѭ򽥽ؼӴھ¾޷ܵĻþܴˣ¾˸ӳʱ䲻˵пܵԵشڣΪ֮·İʯ
ͨڻָҲһһʹܵļޣᵼ¼ʹٴ˺ѣӶƷпһӶ޷׻ָ

ʱˮ֪УɫѾմӺƽ͸С˽ӳطӡ
ৣ
Ȼط˫ֹۣͣˡ
ҩͻҩĹͬ£ƳϻָٶҪи죬ˣҪ볹׻ָһ£¡
طţȻ󻺻վ߳䣬׼ϴһȻȥ͡
ͬʱ
طһҹ֮뿪ٲټϢٴδȫһֵ顣
ŦԼƿ˼ׯ԰
Ϊƿ˼ƶߵ˹صԼı
鷿ֳֵ绰ⲽԵʮּꡣ
һУֻΪŦԼ·ϣ˲һٸ绰ÿһζ޷ͨ
֮Ը绰Ϊ֪ٲ׷ʲôΪʲôʤĻǻѧ硣
ʵϣЩϢһʱ֪ˣ֪Ļ֪ϸڡ
֮⣬绰һҪĿġÿæϵսƿ˼һλǿػ߳أϵƿ˼ׯ԰ͼԱİȫ
һҧʮ¾
Աط֮˹ƿ˵Ӱûоǿػŵһƥ
λƿ˼ľǿػߣǰЩ걻սɣսһԱһǼϣͻư벽ǿߵĳԱ֮һ
ţ
֮ǰϰٴδ绰޷ͨͬ˹ƿһε绰ԽͨһͫҲ˲Ŵס˺
ϵ۰ҵѣڽӵ绰ˣ֪ҴʼѾһٶ绰ˣ
֮ǰһ˹ƿӰ̫ˣ绰ͨûֱ⣬²һȻʵ׷ʲôǸĻ쵰ôܻ뿪У˵ˣҰ˹ʦˣ
˹ѵûнӵƿ˼鱨ԱĻ㱨ôĻ鱨˹ˣƵ˵
һֱۣڰ˹ǵ׷ɱͬɥ֮ȮһӴܡ
ɹ֮һҽԺƣȻҹ˳ŦԼ˿̣ոջصԼŦԼס˵״̬⡣
ҵȻӵ㱨ˣ֪Ļϸڡ˹ƿ˵Լ
˹Ѿˣȥ̵̽ϸڣڵ״̬⣬û㽲ϸڡ
Щͳ˵֮⣬ΪսֶԣһжجݣĻԸȥجεϸڣ
ðɣҵѣһæ˹ƿֻ÷е뷨תƻ⡣
ʲô
ȥս㱨ʱ취֪˹أ췵ƿ˼ׯ԰
˹ƿ˵Լĵڶ֪ǳأҪ׹㱨֮⣬Ȼȥս
á
ܸɴĴӦȻҶ˵绰ֱ뿪Уǰսܾݵ㡣
ѧչս˻ѡôӦԣ
ս̸
һ·ϣ˼⣬ȻĿĵر㵽ˡ
Եսָ֮һ
ζţսҿصɴȫҾֿ


1581 
սܾݵλŦԼݵһһС
ɽɽϡԿַľݣЩսԱס
ʱųȺţһͷסӵˣȺд
ͣſڣнֱ׷ˡ
Ȼʶ׷ˣǵһַʽ˶˵ء
Ϊ֪սĳԱһ벽ǿߡ
ҲսĴͳһ벽ǿߡƹսЭսִΣ⡣
ǰɫսֵĴǿ߰˹Ρ
񣬰˹ˣȡ֮
á
Ƭ̺󣬿׷ǰ΢΢Ϲʺã̬ڵü͡
Ԥеøһ㣬ûȥ׹Ǳߣֱӹˡ
׷ϣӸµؿſĿӿѰֱɨͣڿϣô˵˹ѡ㵱սָ˵Ҳεܴ׼ȷ˵Ǳ˽ɱ̣޴ľո˲ʹĴۣ
žϹƣͷҿҴһ
˵ûȥ׹Ϊ֪һսȫֵı仯ǰӦ仯ٻѧпܵıսȰ׹á
ͬͰ˹Ѿ˼ðŲϧѧ翪սķգҪط磬Ϊսֵĸְɭϴˢսĳ裬ֻǱɣ˵һӡ
Ŀ׽ط磬Ȼ˿طͣõطѧعǿԵʵ
㲻˵ʲô𣿡
׷ٴοڣƽȴÿͷһ
ǸսֺľӰ쵽ս
ԥһ£ǿˣû̸飬ҲûҽӰ׷˵ĻֻǵǸ
ˣȻ㲻Ը˵Ҳû˼
׷ԣֱɥʧȤ֪ΪĻѧбĵǶģѧ粻ô
Ϊʲôʶʵ
һ˹ڳ֮ǰ˳˵Իѧ磬ֻǸСһûԻѧ˳֡ĻΪʱѾȥˣٴӱϱսѧûйڰ
һѧѧ翪սõ֧֣ᱻţ뵽ĳЩ˵ɡӰ쵽һŽᡣ
ǰ˹͸ĵط
׷٩٩̸һ˽һͷ·ֳһ㡣
ǵģ˹ʦúܴϧ
һ䣬ֲ֪˵ȥջһ̾Ϣ
ڶҲҪһ㡣ǣ̫࣬ǣڰȻڰᡢ̿ǷֿģֻҪһ⵽ԵĴ˲ҳѾõ֣ԤΪѾˡ⣬Ļ¹˹չء
׷û῭˵£ѧѧ翪սôսô
ллָͽ̻塣
׷˵ڶɣеĵ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ٴξϹлȻʵôҺսָʲô
ֻҪһ飬Щͣǰһ㣬ҪٽƲúʹˡѾǵǸˣȫִڼͷʵʵչáƼ;£ĻȫϴԣҪŵ顣
׷赭д˵ţȴһָ㽭ɽĸоοѧѧĴʽò棡
ǣ
һʱ
׷˲ٷϻֱ뿪
ˣʦƿ˼˹ʦǰأƿׯ԰
һĻ˹ƿææֳŰ׷˵ĺ˵
ǣ˹ڱչس벽񾳵ĽҪͷǳʧܣ򲻻ٻȥˡĵģĵһǰ׵ģЩ鲻ٷ
׷ͷҲػһ䣬Ȼ֮Ⱥ
ԣһʶ׷˵ת뿪

ڿȥսĵ
ͿصӢׯ԰ûлأֱ丸ۡڵµ潫һУϸʵǵ˻㱨
Բ𣬸ףûĽ̵˴ð˲˵˻
Ϳ㱨֮Ϲͷϴ
һԲ±۾
Ϳ״еĲŨˣڲٿˣҴһ
󣬸ˣһţۣһվţɴ۾
һСʱ
һСʱۡû۾·ɮ붨һ㣬һ
ףѧ˱ô죿
Ϳվ̲סƳĬʳ⣬ҲصӢ֮һʱǵĿġ
㵣ĵ鲻ᷢ
Ȼûۣ˻Ӧ
ΪʲôͿѿʵ
Ϳĺʧںܺڣ㵣峤
һΣ۾䣬䡣
ͨ
۵Ļ¶ĲͿֱŵù˵ϡ
ѧҪ֣ȻԺڰ֣ǡ
ͣȻԭԼȥ롪صܣ˲
ף֪ˡ
Ϳһ뵽ʲôĮӣֽĻ˻ȥ
߰ɡ
ۼ״ֱӿڸˡ

Ϳԥһ£û˵ʲôһȻת뿪
˵鷢֮ؽ֣ȫҾֿǰһ䡢ţܺˣϽ
͵Ϳ߳ȥʮ׵ʱվ̲סһ䣬Ϊһսûвʸ񣡡


1582 
ҹŵʱһŨһ޴ĺڲסգһƬڣŭţһʱή١
ҹĻ£Ĭͬһ˹ųǱٶȼ죬ڹųǱĴ̿˳Աûз֡
Ĭһ·ֱͣ˹ųǱһӵſڡ
ųǱĽأĬ֮⣬̿ûеڶ˿
Ϊ̿˵һ죬Ϊ벽ǿߵļڹչء
ңڱչǰ¹أв̿˴飬Ĭ˶ô
ʶڹȥһЩ굱УĬ˴δ̤
ˣžֺͲ
Ȼ
Ĭ˲δֱӽݣڹǰͣ½Ų
Ĭˣɡ
Ĭ˵ͻȻһͳɳƵ
⣡
ͻĬͷһһĨȣæǣʦ
£Ĭûȥ룬ԼʦΪûڱչأǰƿӵķš
֨
һ죬ӵĴŴ򿪣Ĭ˽ȥ
ݵֻвʮƽףһƬڣֲָΪ䲻ԵʣЩ䳱ʪŷùζ
ϥڹݵм䣬ϴһɫĳۣͬһźӰһ㣬ȫ˺ڰУͨ˽ݼ޷Ĵڡ
Ĭ˲ͨˣΪǿߵһ۱㿴˼ҵһʱϹ񣺡ʦ
ĬˣĹúܲãʧְݡ
ﻺڣͳ˻ƣһַ}ĸо
⣡
ٴĻĬͷٴһȻʶʲôϡʦ֪ˣ
Ȼһĵ˴̿˵ӣҽٳֻɱǸߣʧܸգʧһϡǽ̿˵涪ˣҲ̫ʧˣ
Ӹ𰸣̺źεŭ⡣
ȻԼչڼ䣬Ĭ˹̿һУǳ⣡
ͨ
Լѵ⣬Ĭûұ⡢ֱӹڵأſڵϣͷŵ棬΢΢ԡԲʦ
£Ĭֱס˺˲䱻־
һУֻΪ֪̿˵ĹɭϣǼҪ׷Σֱɱû⡣
֪Ȼʦһɱ֣Ա飬пܻɱйͷ֮ŭ
˿̵ĬˣͬɭûĬʱһġ
ĳ˵ɭϵĹأҲǴܹ̿һҪԭ
ӦҺڰҲܶڵĻᶼûС
ȻĻֱӡ֤Ĭ˵Ĳ²⣬ͬʱҲĬҵ˲£Ҳ֮
ʦѧпܶʵʩǸô죿
Σ֮ĬʳеĵǣҲҼĿġķչѾƿغʹķΧ
ѧ粻ᱨҲұޱ
ΪΪʲôĬһ
Ϊˡ֮ǰʹҴ֪˹ȥһʱһСתĻѧǽбȫ֡͡

Ĭ˳˿
Ϊ̿˵ĸˣ֪ĴڣĿֲӵаڵʮλ벽ǿߣ񣬸ʵǿ󵽿£
Ĭ˶ɣпѾΪǿߣôͳλ벽ǿߣ
֮⣬λʹ߻תڲ벽ǿߵǰ£뾡һа취ɱǸĻߣԲɳ
͵Ĭ˳׷ĵͬʱٴοˣӹɣ⣬ͬ´ﵽڰᣬϣ㲻ҪٸҺʹ̿˶
ʦģһںڰ֮ǰֻɱǸ
Ĭ¾״
ԣû˵ʲôǱ˫ۡ
Ĭ˼״ʶȤĬĬ˳˹ݡ

ͬʱԤһһλʹߣִ˺ڰڵųǱұڰĴϰ²ԽӴ
²ڱȸɽׯ֮󣬱ص˺ڰܾݵ㣬ԭڱչˣ֪ߵŵؽӴ
˿̣ڹųǱһ
ڵϣɪɪλʹϣɫüĿ֮Щá
Ȼʹ߶Լ÷Щˬġ
ҹʮӵʱ÷صųǱ»㱨пã²ڴӴ
Ϊˣ÷Щɻ󣬻еǣǻѧѰˣʶСĽǰӦ˰²˺λʹߵϢ
÷壬ô
һ̣÷ȷ˵Ǻηʥλʹ߿ˣ
ৣ
÷ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻƿĴţһ۱㿴ϵĺʹߣҲ˹ڵϵİ²ˡ
֣һµϵĺ
ǺڰƶߣΪʦҲ֪Ĵڡ
Ǹˣˣ
÷µ˵ݺѸپϹ
ţ
߻ȵ
ǣˣ
÷һʱӦȻϴţֱӹڵϣһָʾ
Ϊڰʹ̿˵޴ȳĿ廪ѧ磬⻪ѧԺڰʹ̿˽бͬʱҪڰᣬϧһдۻɱǸĻߣʹͳش
ǣ
÷һʱ̬ȹᶨ
ʹ߲ٷϻֱ뿪
ˣҪ¹˹㱨𣿡÷״ԥһ£ʵ
ã¹˹˾
ʹҡͷᵽ¹˹ʱ˲Ϊʹߵİдžη
÷ز˺ʹߵ̬ȱ仯жϰ¹˹Ѿͻư벽ˣԷˣװɵ㶵ʵˣʰ¹˹ͻư벽ʲôʱأ
벽񾳣
ʹҡͷӵľη¹˹ڳ񾳣

Ȼʹ仰÷壬ǹزİ²ˣǾԭء
󡭡
Ǵ˼Ѫһ㣬֣




1583 ѧڽ£
·˹ںÿһ䣬ǳ֮Ĺػ˱ů
£һŦԼĿͻ׼ʱؽڻ
Ϊ֯Сȣͬ£߳˻
ڴ˹УвΪӢ¸ҵСӣȵաκڨʼѯй·˹ЩĵطóԵĶҪϵʽͷ롪߹õ÷ʽ
ĻӦÿһλڨߣڵ΢Цܾ롢׷
С㣬ΪʲôҪЩأ뿪֮Щʵ
Ҳһ˼̬
ȵһЦȻͣһѵȺʱ˾ֱӽϯߵı
Ȼ֮ʶʲôҪϯߺúġ
Сʱߵıȶ³˾ʶȤ뿪
ǵݣûʸϯߵıûʸϯ߼档
ĳ˵֯Ĺزȴ̿ɶ٣Ҳɭϡ
ȣҵıŮˡ
ϯ΢ЦӭȣҪҸݱȣһ𣿡
ˣллүүҡͷܾ
ðɡ
ϯʼ磬ʾ£ȻһȤؿȣŮ˵˵˴֮еĸܰɡ
ط죬ѧǿѧܳ裬ȫҾּһ˵Լĸܡ
ϯߵıŮܽôλ
ϯߵһЦʵôŮΪȫҾôأ
֪
ҡҡͷһսѧﵽ۷壬Ϊѧ粻ᱨѧ磬Ժڰʹ̿˳֡
Ϊʲôϯ߼΢Цʡ
ڰʹ̿˶ѧĺĳԱԴ˺һǳ֣ǰаսⲻϻѧ硣ңΪⳡսʽ֮ǰȫνȻһ侲طš
ȣгɳø졣ȻָķжϷ档
ϯ߳ĴָһȻ󻰷һתѧЩˡ
ȳĬ
ֻǽ书ǿߵĵز֯ӵȫĴѧȵʵս۷ǿߡ
һУʵˣ֪Լүүϯߵ˼طͼľȣʵǲ
Ѿˡ⣬ȫӦģЩĴҲ׷׳
ϯߵĻӡ֤ȵжϣȻ֯аսֻΪ֤ߺʷдߣǻҪԱʵΨһܹ֤Ǽȥġ㲻ЩĴˣڲܣδҲܡ
š
ٴϯߵĻȸеһɾ޴ѹûбѹѹ壬һᶨҽտʼչأġ£ͻ۷ǿ߲ء
õģȣװĺӣҵȴĺϢϯصͷ
û˵ʲôüĿ֮һĨź
һչأۼ֤ط촫˵ˣ

ʱأձ·˹Сʱ
·˹ʱձӭ˰
ϦɽͷڸʿɽǸձеʥɽһɫɴɽѩ׵Ļѩ໥ӳգۼ
ʿɽһŵ
һݵͷڴϷ
Ѿ꣬ûºۼɫĿ⾼񣬶ͷֻһЩ΢ơ
֮⣬Ѫʢ˱ըԵź˵Ϣ
о̣ձ̵ƶߣΪ֮ʵɲ⡣
ھ̵·һӹš
ˣΪǼٲһսѧﵽǰδеĵزĿǰȫ׷飬ѧǷѧ硢ڰбʱˡ
һͷ㱨ȫµĶ̬
ѧ粻ᱨ
̻ڣƽ̺Ũҵš
ǵģ񣬻ѧѭŹŻĵӹ֮ǲȷսӵͷ
ɽһʲô
̿ʵеɽһձ̵Ĵ֮һҲõĴˣΪӡ
ˣɽһѾͻ۷ǿˣʵսԿƾǿ֮޵Уӷɿ˵ţ֮ڼ
˵ǹ̵̺ͽôɽһ̱ǹ̵δ
ʱˡ̳
ˣ˼ǣ
һ뵽ʲôȴҿ϶
ձѧձĳ裬Ҳʱϴˢˣ
Цһɱⱬͬһѵħ˿־壬ڻѧ۷ʱ򣬽ѧڽ£бõʱô
ǣˣ
ᣬ
һ졣
ձ̵Ҫѧڽ£




1584 ط磬ʱҲҲ
Ǽٲһսȶû˿ļˣȫע顣
һУûѧﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣ
˾̾ѧǼٲһսеı֮⣬ܶ˻ٸʵףѧô뿪ģ
Ϊѧݣɻػġ
Ϊѧͨ뿪ģӦǳǰĵĴֻ
̳ϣܶ˹ݣֳɣֹ۵㡣
뾡һа취˵Է޷
Ϊϣ뽫һ˵Ĺ˼һˣ׬ǮѣοԷֲͬ෴
һЩĳԱǲûвۡ
ΪͨԵ鱨жϳࡪط˳뿪ȷһһ֡
Ȼ
жϹжϣûκһȥ̽龿ûʵʩ
ȵʱǼٲһսȶɺܸߣ̽֡ۻѧ뿪Լ٣ȥ̽ˡ
طȥΪʲôʼûг֣
ڰ̳һӣ飬ñѾõط磬»عǵߣΪĽ㡣
طٳ˹ƿˣȻǰȥˣطǼٲȴѧǿԮ˹ƿ˽˻ѧˣԼ뿪ˡ
طȻӵгԽǿߵս۷ǿ߶޷⣬ûвսʸȻҪ뿪
ǰսڼ䣬˶бױɱ
ڻѧ뿪Ķԣط뿪˵Ĺ۵һ£ͳͳΪطʵС޷ս뿪
Ϊ˾ԼŮˣԼĺֵܺͻѧǿ߳Լȴˣط̫ˣ
Ϊطǵһǿѧţط绹ĺԶҪ˵ȣЩĴȣûκƿԣ
طѾǹȥʽˣͷڹһ֮⣬ʲôˣҲ

ȵʱ̳ȫطһЩڲ۵ʱ򣬶طΪܱġ
ྩ
ĳŵļԺ
ﻪӣù֮ѵõ鷿Ȳ졣
֮˵ѵãΪǸǳҰ֮еĴˡ
һǰɹ뾩ƶĳĲţ˴ӱԵĵĿԽ
Ϊһﻪǿսĳƶζ֣;Ҫؼһְ
Ϊͳͳ˹λ͸λҪϤµĻһҪϤµĹλΪæһͿڹȥһµͨĴָҪ˵桢ˡ
ﻪڵǸطصƶ϶Ϊˣƶ֮أ취ץãصľøȥ쵱ϰƶ¸Ϊһ츣Ϊ˸һҪʱԼ
𹦷豭˿ݺõļƷۣȻĳض绪һһҪ»УߵȺȥȺڵ뷨ڶвĵطҪͬ־̣Ҳҡ
֣֪
ﻪͷ֪Լ˵Ķص㣬ԼҲôġ
ڻصྩ֮ǰһֱڻ㱼ʵصУĵؼÿһط⣬ɡܽᡢѡ⡢ص⡢ȵȣȻٸóпʵʩԵĽ
š
ͷѵѵûؾһΣȻˣǸ߶ĻҪ߶ģǱߣүү֮⣬Щȥݷһ¡
ţҼƻ찤ݷá
ﻪٴεͷҲƻе顣
ϾҶǸӶ˵塣
ѩǱ߾ͲҪȥˡԣЦ˵ǻ㸺Ӱ졣
ҲûȥﻪЦ
ԴϴθƶԨף֮Ҳûмѩ㡣
Ϊһ죬Ǹ˶ΪᱻҴԺؼӣΪĿˣԨ㵥̸ĻᣬڸԨ㾴ƵʱԨһ
ˣԨԨҲֻһڡ
һУҸףԨطӣҲ֪طѩĻԼȡˡ
ΪһУﻪȻѩͣʶȤûȥţǽоڹϡ
æһΣ˳֮Ҳÿˡ
˼ΪδĿǣԸ޸绪Ȩ֮Ů֮ͬ꣬ʤ
ϣȻҪﻪѹصġ
Ϊͨ˶ԣ˵飬ͥ飬绪˶ԣ黹Ӫ飬˿ã
֣ʱ뿼ǡ
ﻪЦҡҡͷȻ󲻵ػת˻⣬֣Ǹʲôͷ
֪Ҳû鵽Ǹ˲õˡ
ҡҡͷȻ̾ƾǿѧ츳һٳΪ֯ĸְһŽ˽ȥشǱֵǷ꣬û֯ѧΪ棬˲ð
ط硣
ﻪ˵ţû뵽طҴԺѾԻĳʱ겻ѣؼҵԵʣطҲǸһޡŻͷͨͷھͷڹ꣬ǿɱ̾
ǰɳΪؼ֮ңȴؼҶңȷꡣʱҲҲԱĻ
Ǹһ䣬Ȼһʵ㲻ỹѩ㣬ȥϢɣ
ǵûС
ﻪԳһЦ֣ӦܹѩǺεȵĳ顣ҿˣѩҲδػ޸ˣǻһӹѡȻţѩм
ѩѾͷȷħˡ
ҡͷм䲻Ͽѩѡ
ȻҲ֪ѩԴطҫؽģ
绪˵ţϾȻ¶˼ڴ




1585 ع
ڶ죬ﻪ㰴ռƻе½ݷҵڶĳ
Ȼ֪ԼΪõŮˣǵһݷõá
ΪӹҴ죬ȡԨΪӪƶߡ
ȵǸʱǡﻪ;֮·ĳ̽׶Ρ
һ£ȻҪá
ﻪݷ֮ȺݷҵڶԱеԹȥ칫Ұݷãеֱȥаݷá
ﻪ˹ڵأͬ丸еһͷ˻㣬ʮ졣
ʮﻪԵص˽⣬Ȼ֯飬·ݻҪ˺ܶ顣
ݻҪ˵δľ÷չ򡢲ԣ൱һ졣
Ҫ·֮ÿһ鲻ʵţʵ˸ˣʵ𼶸ƣžΥ֣һ⣬ἶ
ϸϡ
ﻪĹ硣
ֱڵعһɷ籩ﻪӵˣȫ֧ﻪĹ
һ棬֪ﻪĸԸΪҪǣﻪĹ˼·䳯ǰͬʱ־пʵʩԡ
һǵľܹﵽﻪµĿ꣬ǲﻪһƯĴԣҲˡ
һ֮ﻪڵصĹ˳չˣҲ֮ǰæˣʶٴη
ΪһΣؾΪʱȣֻݷҳûıҵСǾۻᡣ
һΣصҪСһۡ
ò˵ﻪܹΪδ֮ǣ˵κιϵ໥ġϣδܹõҳֺ֧ͰͬģҳҲϣδɾܹ֮С
ﻪδǻӵıĵ绰
磬ǻ𣿡ıȿʵ
ȥ·ϡﻪص
磬ȥɣ
ıѯﻪȥĵط
Ԩ֮ǰıǵطսѣط⡣
ҲǣԨһ죬˶طԭ򡪡ȢҵŮˣȴˣӵ
Ȼ
˵ĲԨطϿǰ΢
ͬһλһϿ㣬˰˵ûõҲ޹ʹ
ȥı˽˻һŲȥһЩɫСݣǾһۣȵơ
ıһʱΪδ֮ǵĹ涨ָƣȻСϷ
ðɣǾ̷Ҳ˹ݰɡ
ıԣûᣬǰﻪҪѡһ˽˹ݡ
ԡﻪͬ⡣
磬ҪҪҰҽҲϣ
ıֿʵһֱط粻ˬͬʱҲһֱϣﻪܹȡط磬ΪδĽ
ˡ
ﻪûԥ𸴡
磬طڹ⣬أҽûϷһ㣬ҽδء
ıԣһȻȰ˵
ıĺˣֻԺҪ˵ˣԺҲҪˣҸ㲻һ𡣡
ﻪ˵ţȻ󲻵ı˵ʲôҶ˵绰
ཡཡ
Ͳдäı·ֻѲΪطԻŻعҲ̫˰ɣ
£ıֻʼ绰̷Ҳ˹ݵİᡣ
ͬʱ
ɼôĻƽ۵Ļϡ
طͬȥһЩһϥԼķƻָ
ৣ
ͻȻط۾һĨʹࡣ
ڸղţ߶ھžתЩ˵ľ޷ܣ˺ѵĸо
һʱͣ
˻ָȻ֮ܲ
ط̾˿ԭƻڻִۿ֮ǰ׻ָƣʵˡٻҪµʱָܻ
ˣҲûʲô£Ȼȥѩ죬ǰɽȥǣȻչذ»ָơ
طţȻûټˣ߳䣬ֵļװϡ
˿ּ̣ƽۣ֯Ա׼꼸վڼװ졣
С磬ƻָô
꼸˼ط׷ֹͣ죬ʵ
Ҫ²ȫָطʵ
ٶȹˣ
ǰܾǿһһ±ָܻƣȫκһû˿Х˲̾ͬʱҲЩơ
ӼطһΪѧһţҴĲμȫѧ˵ĳɾͿν֮
֮࣬ХֿһǣȻˡǼԣɽɵӥڵ䣬Ҳ޷طᲢۡ
ȫһǿܹطᲢ۵ţָ
ԼХطЦЦû˵ʲô
طվһᣬֱ˳ʻƽۣȻڸۿָͣλͣ
´֮طһʱóֻͨѩĵ绰
ѹկˣҵƽˣ֯ྩСʱܵྩ
绰ͨطȿڣǸѩԼִϢȻ˵г̰š
ɽڻĵ㣬㵽ྩøϳԷ
ѩ̧󣬿һֱʾʱ䣬Ȼʵʲô
ҶУ㡣طЦŻص
Ǿ̷˽˰ɡ
ѩԣٷϻֱİ塣




1586 
طصྩʱʱպ㣬Ϧδȫ£ջһƬһȵҪ
ļྩһֱ߾Ӳ£Ĵ¯ȼļơ
طӻ֮ûֱǰ̷Ҳ˹ݣȴǰѩྩı
ȥһڻ϶ȹģҪȥικӣ裬һ·ѩȥԷ
طصʱѩѾʰϣרڿɳϵ
һ׻ɫ³ȹһ˫ˮϣһͷɫ˸βϻŵױ˼̽Ůǿ˵ǿĮ˼ڼСʡ
Ҹԡźˮˡ
ۿطţѩæ߹ȥ˿ûطǹζطһӵط촽һ£ڿԡˣ洩·ҡ
š
ѩһУطůġѩϸĵЩԶ̽߳Ƹѡ
ֹ˹ѩıӣȻ󽫱ѩ㣬Լ¥ȥ衣
Сʱط裬ңѩԵСɳϡ
ɽ۲۵ģҪ۵ĻǾͲȥˣڼҽ
ѩ㿪˵ԼиոͷطںƮһ£ƣ
û£֪ģߣһ˵̷Ҳ˹ﲻԶطЦЦ
Ǻðɡ
ѩԣ뵽ʲôʵˣôˣ
öˣа¾Ȭˡ
ط˵䣬ػѩΪ׼˶߰ɡ
š
ѩͷȻطĸ첲߳ԣŲɿط硣
ط绻Ь֮ѩֵһʱطĸ첲Դط磬һСŮ̬յŮǿ֮
Ϊط࣬һлһ𣬾ͻȫǰƤһճط磬һҲԸֿ
⣬ѩʻһ˹˹ӰطǰԶ̷Ҳ˹ݡ
˵̷ִҲ˹ݵʱѾߵˣΪһš
СˣʮλҪˡ
ѩط߽֮󣬷ϰӭЦŴȤ
鷳ˣϰ塣ѩЩǸЦЦ
ʲô鷳ģҲ󡣡
ϰЦЦȻԽطѩ˴ԣƽѩˣ˵ⵥȥ
ﰡϰ嶼ˡ
Ŀϰ뿪طЩɻѩҲԹһηǵһѩϰѹϤ
죬ϰ岻һֱᣬӭӡˣⵥ
֮ΣһǺõıһԼġԼǴΣϰЩӪϵĽ飬ܲˣȡ˲ЧԶر顣ѩص
ѹկ
طĴָֻҵϰ
Ͼѩҵϵ۽磬ὨȻһѪܹ÷ⷢ츲ر仯ġ
ʵȷˣĿǰص˹ݡɫ˹ݺ˽˹ԽԽ࣬˽˹ݵ⾺ѹܴ󣬶طϴѩʱ򣬷Զû𱬡

ͬʱ¥
ı꣬ﻪò͡
굱УһҲӵܣıõܣĲţڽŴѧ飬һص
˶ӪкĳԱĺĳ˵ﻪĸһղμӹûãڲί֮ߣͨ޷ġ
ǹ꣬ӵйͼ֮󣬱·ŵػĥȻҲٴλؾְҲڸƽƣȨӵܵ෽ʽ
ӵС˽ѧУѧѧȥѧҵͶȫ֪ҵƽдҵӰࡣ
ֲͬʽԵԴƷӵ£ǰԵθߡ
ϾڻƬϣȨԶȲƸҪ
ˣּҴҲ˵һҡβӲȨȦӵĹ͹ˡ
ıڽһֺҵˣǣߴţҲǹҴٵĵλǿԼСȦš
磬Ҳζô
ı󵥶ﻪƣ˳ʵ

ﻪ΢΢ףϲŭ֣õúȡ
ȻкҪӵܱ磬ҲҪ־룬еĶǹؼ
磬òͺá֮ǰҽһΣҲò
ıԣ¶ЦݣȻ绪磬ף㹤˳ƽơ
лл
绪΢ЦлûлӦıѩĻȻӣһ
磬Ҳһף
ﻪһ¶ǣıõĲűƱﻪơ
ı״üͷĲŲƳĻӦõﻪԼڲˣ仰پơ
ĲţףѧҵгɣջЧ
ı󿪿ֹﻪ΢ЦĲ˿ûаڼӣû¶á
ĲŲƳĻӪĳԱĺѲμӹԴʶ˽һӲžƣұ˴˷ֿҲһҡ
ĲźȨӵ½ı󾴾ƣȻ˴໥ﻪؾ
ȦƿƼףÿ
ıҿˣƿɡﻪ˿ڲ˵
ȾҲǾƳ֮оֵģͨĿ˶
ﻪǽĿˣ׼ȷ˵ΨһĿˡ
磬ѵûٺȵ㣬ٿһƿɣı
ãǾһƿ
ﻪЦŵͷľң㲻ϣ֪ıֻһ˳ʧء
ò˵ﻪжʮ־׼
һƿƣıһ˺֮ǰоˣ˵״̬ȫˡ
졭磬ҺĲŶرϣȢҽ㣬ǲһԣǸط硭
ıһ¶֮󣬻Ȼﻪ֮ǰĶѩط顣
ıȶˡ
ﻪڴıĻȻһĲźȨ󣬡͵ɣǸͻȥ
磬û࣬˵ӵĻǡطȻڹġ
ıһ䣬ȻղŵĻ⡣
һΡ
ﻪûٻӦ΢ЦվķʽıˣֵΪֹ
졭磬С㡭
һĻıæҲվĲźȨӵﻪһͬ뿪ᣬȴ֪ѩطһ¥


1587 ƺ
ҾͲˣҴȥıȶˣǰıͻȥһҪȫ͵ҡ
ﻪ˰֮ŤͷһԵԪ˵
ȻǵһκԪȾƣóԪܺãı֮Ψһһٷ֮ѵġ
졭磬û࣬С㣬ҺĲһء
ıһҡΣžԼδȶࡣ
磬ģҰҸͻȥ
Ĳѧ֮󣬾ƣˣ˿̻ţóԼøЩˣ绪˵
š
绪ͷٶ˵뼸һͬ¥
ͬʱ
һ¥ݲԶĿطѩòҲβ
˵ĲһûҪƣ˻Թˡ
ⶼطĹ͡
Ų˷ѵԭطÿѩԷСжÿѩ㶼³ΪɣЦؿط̡
ദСϷ֮һ
ɽǻȥɣ
ۿطͣѩ
ãȥ䡣
طͷȻǰһ¥䡣
ѩûͨųԷĿ϶ֻɳϣطıӰ޷εЦݡ
ΪԣطȿֻҪˣҲȤˡ
ÿط絥ദʱ򣬶ὫֻػҪ鶼ơ
ţ
ԼĪӺı˴ӵ߳ǰﻪһ۱㿴ڿɳϵѩ㣬һŲҲ֮һͣ
Ȼû뵽Ȼѩ㣡
ﻪͻȻͣ½Ųı˶Լͬͣ
˳ﻪĿ⿴ȥͬҲѩ㡣
㣿
֣ıͫ׶ȻŴʶغһ
ԭѩĿط߽սǴջĿ⣬ɳϣطղ̻ʽСжЦݡ
˿̣ȻıϤ´ҳлع̧ͷѭȥһ۱㿴ﻪıˡ
㣬㰡
ѩ̧ͷıҡҡͷȷԼûп˦Ĳŵĸ첲ѩȥ
ĲæϣǲıҲҪȥѩк
ϾѩһģЩܵǿǶѩݵúܣһ涼ѣ˿вкĵ
ﻪ״ҲԪһȨӵܣıĲֵܶѩ㡣
ȻﻪԨٳ֮û׷ѩ飬Ȼ֪żı֪ѩòͺĿⰲţȻѩ㣬϶Ҫѩк
ѩ㿴ıﻪȻһüͷǿԼһԷʲô¡
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硣
£ѩ㽫ĿͶﻪƺΪ硣
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硱ƺﻪЦһͬʱ;ߣжЩ棬ѩʲôֵطԷ
㣬췵ҺĲŸղŸ¥ϳԷ֪Ǿһˡ
ﻪĻ£ѩ㿪ڣı˵㣬ҿҲˣҸطһ
ȥɣҾͲȥˡ
ѩ΢ЦžܾȻڵؿﻪ磬ҽһ´پۡ
㣬Ժһ𰡡
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̫㡣
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ʲôģ
ıѿڶΪҴٵҪͽﻪδ֮ǣ¶ԷѩѣԲﻪһ෴֮ã
һΣѩûп
ıҲȶˣǸپۡ
ﻪ״Բ˵úˮƽȸһֲⱻѩܾĸоָı̨¡
ı仰϶¿˾׾ƣһļֻһѾ޷侲ˡ
һ̣ı󲻵۵ΪѩڱܿﻪԴһȣسѩʵ㣬ΪǸط磬һԸ⣿Ҳ̫˰ɣ㷸Ϊ𣿡
ৣ
ѩɫһ䣬üͷҲ֮
Ҫ֪ҳҴԺط磬䲻ķοı
ıȶˣ
ͬʱﻪٶȿֹı󣬼ԼҲסҲı˵𱬵Ļ
ʵӡ֤ﻪжϣıûֹǼ㣬ҾˣǸط絽ʲôãֵοڡ
ȶ˾ͻȥ˯˵ʲôأ
ѩͬڴıеĲãЩ䣬Щļ
գѩ㷢ıŵüнͣǵûб죬ڶײ㣬ûȶ࣬ҺѡҸղŸ˵Ļû˵꣬ұܾˡ
磬ıȶˣЦˡ
ѩûı󣬶Ǹض绪˵
ţ˲١
绪ڸţɫЩȻ
ǸԿǿҲǹϵġ
Ĳţıȥ
ѩ㲻ٷϻĿͶĲţӹɡ
Ȼ
£ѩɫٶһ䡣
Ϊط粻֪ʱߵ˾뿨Զĵط
˫档
ĵվҪˡ


1588 Ǹˣǲ
ѩ㵣˫棬Ϊ֪طͷϵûժ
ط磬Ȼǻͷͨʵڻ¶棬Ҳܱ¶ݣ򽫸ƻġյȺܶ˴ȥ޴鷳
ط֮󣬿Χڿԣұ޷ıˣΪ۸ѩ㣬һʱٽ֮󣬲ı󣬱ͣ˽Ųû߹ȥ
õģ㡣
͵ѩطĿԵͬʱĲæӦûкȶ࣬ΪıƺĻܲﻪϹҲסҲǵѩˡ
£ĲžҪı뿪ıһ˦Ĳŵĸ첲Ĳţ㲻Ҫң
㣬ͲҪˣ֪ģ˶ΪطûػģҶھ⣡
ıƾͷһγѩУһ򲽽ܹŻһٷ㻹Դ˵㲻ɣ
죡
ٴı˵ĻѩһջĿ⣬һ˪غȵ
ţ
ͬʱﻪĲšԪһȨӵܣѩղŵ쳣ԼͬؽĿͶط硣
ѵǺѩԷˣ
˭
طİ׺ĲšԪһȨӵܶһ£гɻ
ﻪͫ˲Ŵɫˡ
һУֻΪϳط磡
׼ȷ˵
ȻǻѧһԱΪδ֮ǵڻѧ绹˽ģԴطճ֮󣬱ǿ˶ⷽĹעȡ
ҲΪԭ֪ǼٲǾһսһѯԼĸʲô·йϣǵģ
ıѩȻһȣһ£ͷҲ˲һ㣬Ȼ󿴵ﻪ˵쳣ʶؽĿͶط硣
㡭˭ղںҽԷ
ﻪͬıȻҴ٣ѧ粢עҲûϣ˿̿Ƥߵط磬һ㶣ȻʶʲôЩŵʵ
ı죬û̹ȥ˯
Ȼط翪ڻشѩٴŭһ
㣬֪ðҰ˳ԷͲҺҲ̫˰ɣ
ѩŭȣıع𾪶ջ˵
һΣѩûпһʱûøڼȲᵼطݱ¶ֲﻪѿǰ£شı⡣
㻰𣿡
ۿѩ㲻˵ıŤͷطŭ

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ѩֱ֣һƳıϣҼþȫ
Ϊ׼ŭˣ
ıԼ˵˵ıڲ֪Һȶ˵ǰ˵طĻıط粻ǿڳἰطĸף

طĶıϵİӡﻪԪȨӵܵˡ
ȻǶû뵽ѩ㾹Ȼ֡
ΪǵļУѩһֱǻȨȦһģ侲ǡ߹ţЩﱻܶϡ
һŮˣôִܶأ
ĲҲһ¡
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Ҫң
ıһͷŭķ蹷ֱƿԪȨӵܣȻѩ㡭㣬ʲô˼㾹ȻΪһ֪ðҰ˴ң
طֵܡ
ѩֱۣ˵̹ȥұ֤ȥ֮үүֶѵ㣬üҷ㣡

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£ﻪǰһ§סıļͷӲ§ıȥ
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Բ𡣡
Ŀı뿪ѩһǸسط˵
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ǵģ
һֱƬʲôݡʲôʱ򣬶ԱΪΣ
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֮࣬ѩҲıõܣƾղıǾط縸ĸ໰ط磬ı뿪°뱲Ӷп϶ȹ
Ȼ
ı󲢲֪Լ˴෴ڱﻪ֮ܳ󣬱ߵǸطֵܣҽҲΪҰɣ˵ʲôһȥҪҰֺүүѵŻ˭أ
ûŻ㣬˵ʵﻪͻȻ˵
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ıֹͣԹһ˼ؿﻪ
ĲšԪһȨӵҲһ±Ƶؿﻪ
ıǸˣǲ𣡡
ﻪˡ


1589 Ϊʲôǲ

ȻﻪĻĲšԪһȨӵܣı˶ɵˡ
Ƕɴ۾ؿﻪһţ
ı˭
Ҵ٣
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̫ӣؼҴǣĳ˵ͬһȨ̸˭ǲ˭
Ϊδ֮ǵﻪҲһǰﻪܸʤһ۸ͿɽﻪıԶ
ﻪȴ˵ǸѩԷˣıǲ𡭡
⡭ôܲıɵۣ
졭磬˭
ʮӺıȴӾлعʶʵ
޷ǸҪţƵֵزſﻪ˵һ仰
ıĲšԪȨӵҲһ۰Ͱ͵ؿﻪȴﻪҿյס

ﻪӵ˵֡
ৣ
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һУֻΪһ̫Уøĺ󳾣ѱͽ˿ڵȴյУѾΪӣҪε
飬ڻȨ˾޴𶯣飬Ҳĺǣٲ˻ھϣ֪һ죬ֱӴͨ˳Ϊ֯ĸְ
һУڻȨӵгصɫʣͬʱҲɲǵ֮һͬú춦ֲʱڵطһ
졭磬Ǹô
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һȨӵ˵Լ֪Ϣ˵ؼҺҵʱ򣬼ʱĿڡ
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ﻪԣı˶һģ룬Ǿ˵͸ڷſڡ
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ﻪӹԪݸ̣ţһڣŻشȨӵܵĻıӦǼؼĲĳЩ˱̬ڻ֯
һǻ֯ĸְҪɱ˹أʶӣ֤ȷ䡣
ڶ֯ϧһдΪͷյٿ˸߹Ļ顣
仰˵Ϊ֯ǿ̬ȣǼӰôյĽҲͲˡ
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ıֻǻ֯ĸְȷʵ˵س̶ȡ
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ǳ֮ս˵սԻѧĴʤĻŤתǳսƵĹؼΪĳ֣ѧתΪʤͬطһΪ˺ѧҫӢۣ
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ӦúĳһȫΧڣǿʲô
οȻִᣬߵλǰڱҷ棬źҪá
Ҳ˵ܹɳضƶ滪֯ͬƻһΪĵǿػ֮һԹҾս壡

ıһɵˡ
ΪȨӵܵǣĽǶȺ͸߶ͨ޷ģȻⷬ˼Ҳţ𺳣
ıڣҺڿôãүүȥһδпƶ滪֯ˣ
ﻪͷ𣬳ıʵ֮⣬֪缫ΪǿƣҪѵ㣬ֻ죬ͬһ̱ڵϣڶĻһ
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ıæڵлްǰĿͷŭеֻǺ£󱳶ð亹
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ˣղ˵ĶǴԣҲǾƻȨʲôû
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ı˵һʱӦȻԸղһие𺳡
ﻪ뵽ѩղŵһ仰طֵܣ
ѩǰִţȻǼδܹɹƶ滪֯ΪѧǿػȻطع
һ̣ﻪжϣҶԼжϼ϶
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طⱲӵİͿģҲԶĶӳ
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ΪطԵʣҶѡӾѡΪȻƾ費иŬΪԤӵһԱ
طĻҩǱܱѧʵͻͽԸԳسΪʽսԱ
ΪҶҴٵݡλȨƺǰ;һֱ׷طĲطĵططսһͬսᵽط硭
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һֱ֮ڿնͬһֻӥһ㣬ȥʧںҹ֮С
С绹ڵĻͺˡ
Ŀֱʧ̲ס̾˿üĿ֮޷εĵǣϣܹ˳ƽ
ͬطһɼȵսС޷ڣɹֲӶĵ棬ҲӥҶ˻ִĹ

ձʿɽ̵
Ϊ̵ˡΪձḷ̌ϥڹŵм䣬ڤ
ৣ
Ȼ˫ֹۣͣɡ
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ŵķӦһӽ뷿䣬һʱ񣺡ˣָʾɽһ̽ǰĽѧսд忡˺̻ʴ˽ͬ
á
΢΢ͷʾͬİš
ӿед忡ǹ̵һλϣҲǹ̵ǿ֮һӵа벽񾳵ʵ
̻ʣձ˹̵ǿ֮⣬ΪǿߣѳΪǿ߶꣬̽ǰһ
˸ɽһ̱ݻǷĵġ
οչ̵ļƻɽһȥѧսģѧ粻Զ١ǿ
⣬ˣֲʽ齨̻ʴù̵ɳһ˼ֲӡһɱսԱİȫҲϴˢֲֲӵĳ裬ӹʾ
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֮⣬սѧսһΣ뽫Ĳڽ£ϴˢ裡




1591 ֮Σն
ͬ฻һطѩ˵ıСסʲߣҹʱֻвһıŵƹ⡣
ѩȥԡϴˣط鷿صȼһ֧̣üĿ֮ĵȻûȥ
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طֻһɵ磬æͨ
С磬ҸղŸУûֻ
ȿڣףطһصģԼ绰϶ֲ֪顣
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طһȻֱʵ׳ֲĹһֱڸǳôͻȻ֮ƶˣ
ԭ뿪ˣعҲΪɣûƶһǰͻȻƶҷ׷ӦӵָȨҲûȥˡ˵Եɡ
ԭˡ
طԣһ׽һĻ
һǰǳսѧܣһ벽ǿߣ֮ƿ˼ĲʡҲˣһмпȫֵƽǰơ
һ£ͻȻƶֲ飬˸档
뵽˴ط翪ѵ׳ҵжϣع飬С
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⣬׳齨ֲĿǲڰܻأʲôʱʼִУطʵ
ҪóսĿǰδƶҲû
ʵӦţףطǵӥ˵İȫҺΪսСʲô̲ס̾˿С磬Ҫû뿪ͺˡ
طĬ
γսСӣսѣһͬȥڰֵܾأ
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ʮӺ󣬵ѩԡԡ֮طֱѩ˵Լ뷨ͼƻ
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ѩطļƻЦգգ۾Ȼطһ£׼ȥЩ£úҡ
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طԣֻÿǷѩ̫̫࣬δıԼľѩ˵Щ߰뷨׵⣬ѩѵõĶ硣
ڶһ磬ط𴲣ӭŵһƳϼغڤ֮ûȥ䣬Ƕһ¥ĳΪѩ˷ḻͣС࣬м弦ţ̡ˮɳȡ
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ѩ㿪ų͸⾵ط磬̲סаԼ

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ͨ˶ԣȡƽֿɵõģطԣݳƷ

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ͬʱ
Ϊձ̵ǿ˵ɽһ̣Ѿһˣû뿪̵Լıչ֮أȫѧĿǰ״

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һжͬԤϵһǻءӲƴһǣƲᣬҪ²ָܻơݿɿϢƻûлָѾȥɽչˡ
̵鱨Աػ㱨Ȼɽһǰģսѧ磬Ϊձѧձѩܣһǰᡪܿ
ѧﵽǰδеĵزܲڽ£ܹϴˢطձѧձĳ裬ձѧ
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㣬ձ̵ѡʱɽһǰĽѧսԭ
ĳ˵̵Ȼս壬ȴǳ֮Σνն
֮⣬ǿСĿǰڱչصУӦûûг׻ָƣûͻ۷ǿߡ̵鱨Աֲһ䡣
١ѧ磬Ǹ֮⣬ǿ֮£ûҵĶ֣ҴҲãļҴҲգǸҳ֣ͳͳնɱ
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̻ʴ˻ųҰձֲӵһԱ׼óҲ軪ֲӣѪϴȫֱĳ裬ȻǰĽս̵鱨˵
ãǾͰ̻ʴ˵İִС
ɽһԣЦֻҪҰǱߴϢҵѧս顪ѧǿ֮£٣Կһս




1592 Ը
¬Ƕǵһ½ңάǺϵȺɽ֮У羰ļ紺ӵСǧɽ֮ɽ࣬羰续
͵طչصĵ죬ӥҶ˳ɻִ¬ֲʱط¬Ҫر
Ҷ»ֱ֮ӱһѵȺʱֱߡ
ֱԼĪһСʱ֮һɽ£ͣһ»صѵϡ
þ»ԭ¬ֲӵһѵأֲʱˡ
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ѵصĲٳϣԲʷĽ̹٣վһţޱؿҶ»
ͬʱѵص¥ѾִսԱ׷̽ԴҶˡ
˵עУӥҶˣ̹ܲǰͣ½Ų̧ͷͦأĿǰڽܼġ
̹٣ֲӱ
ӥǰһͷ̹پ񣬴㱨
ҽһ£ҽ³Ǳֲѵ̹ܽ١վߵλ̹٣
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һΣ齨ֲŷ޷ûԹΪλǲֲǰǴӢȼǿѡ12սԱܼ10ˣŷֲӡ
ŷһ޺ҲӸѡսԱɷ޺ֲӣÿֲ֧ʮˣԹΪֲӣÿֲ֧6ˡ
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ͷԣûۣػһ䣬˿ûо⡣
Ϊ֮ǰ֪Ԥ⡪ط粻ֲܴ
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Ȼע˸ֻҩʵȻʦսǿȣţ뻢ǣȫûпɱԡ
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һֲӵĳԱˣ鼸֡˵úֵζϷʵЦݡ
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ѧһǰǼٲܸѧ磬ȫַ΢仯δػᶯǡ
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Ǵ˴ǰҪ軪ֲ֮⣬ҪƿֲȻҪס
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ѯʵֲӳԱȻ촽ϷʵЦ١ƾҲӵֲָȨֱЦˡҸоһ˾ܴ

ֲӵĳԱԣ׷ϷʵЦ
ͬʱһֱ˻صϿա
ձֲӵˣ


1593 ҫ
뻪ֲһձֲӵִ»֮ǱȻ¥
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ձֲӵһԱμȫѧĿǵĶӳأλνձѧţطǿƴ򱬣Ҳ֤ط罫ձйҵֲӲڽ£ǺƮȫѧصϿա
һδطݵ̨جΣҲձֲձجΣ
ǰҰˣ˵Ǹط粻ҪǣͬԷˮһ򵥣
һձֲӵĳԱҲˣ֪ҰǾˣԴ˵еĹ̵ǹ̵֮һʵֲ
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һ£öԻֲӵ˳ֺۣܵˡ

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Ů˫ȫͻ嶼սѣȻĻҶˣҶҴ٣ƢҲȽϻ𱬡
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ͬʱֲӡձֲڵֲӳԱѾִ˲
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ڶݵľȹ󣬳Ұһ˲µ˺п˵еսʿ
ৡ
ͬʱҲĿͶԳҰΪ׵ձֲӳԱֲӵ˾ǸӦ˳Ұǿ󣬵ûиϵ⡣
Ϊǰӵ鱨ʱֺʵ˳Ұϡ
ҰʦãҽеϷֲӵĶӳ
󣬵Ϸվճ峯Ұ
ãϷӳû뵽ξȻɳֳսʿڱֲӰҰ˼
һΣȵϷشӥҶ߽˲
ǵģҪֲָȨ
Ϸܸɴصͷ
ӥҶ˵˿ںε˵ǵĿģֵüǿƣ




1594  ǵ˵Ļ
ŵϷĻ£˲䰲
ָȨ
ЩֲӵĳԱԳҰΪձֲӳԱһ
ȻǶжϹƶ齨ֲ£֮ⲻھƣû뵽ϷȻֱ˵
ҡǵŻֲӵ棡
Ϊĳ˵ˣǵڴ裡
ֲԱҲû뵽Ϸô
֮࣬˶ԼͬؽĿͶӥҶˣĿζƺ뿴ֲӻʲôķӦ
һ̡
ؿӥҶ˵ɫˢˢرˣüѿ
УҶս˫ȭ׼˵Щʲôӥֹ

Ҷӥ뵽ӥ˵һУǿűߵĳ嶯һǿԼ侲
Ů˫ȫͻˣȻҲΪŭûп

һĻЩμӹȫֱսԱǣɸеһ㱡
ǵļУֲȥȫֱϣǿޱȣң
ֲϳֲ֮ж飬ȻףԻֲʵʩΧˣҲ޼£ʧأ
ʱ˿̣֧ҵֲӵϷ裬ȴͷڹһһ仰˵
ֽȻķǵĳʵ̫ˣ
֮࣬Ҳֲֻ֣һסط绻Ҷ
һ֮֮
һ̣иֳһ仰
ֲָӻЩ˻ᱻֲӵ
ҰЦһͬϷһ軪ֲӣͬʱһ㿴ӥҶˡ
ô
ҰĻЩֲӵĳԱ˲ףֲҲãձֲҲգǳط粻ڻֲӣҲ磬ƺ軪ֲӡ
·Ϊӡ֤ǵжƵģԵϷΪֲӳԱԳҰΪձֲӶԱһϷʵı飬Ǹо·ڶӥҶ˵һԣ
һ̣ӥŮ˫ȫͻ˵ɫѿˣбŭӥ֮⣬Ҳ鲻Խս˫ȭ
١֪˭
ʱƢ𱩵ҶվûסڷѵǵϴŰĳˣ仰˵ϴǸҽһ𣿡
ǡ˵طǸôΪͷͨϳ֮һɥ֮ȮأԼŮ˶ųǲҪˣ
ҰһЦȻҲӦΪûлең򣬵ձֲһУһӱ
ţ
ųҰⷬڣЩֲӵ˾ЩȵؿԵϷΪֲӳԱ⡣
ϿɳҰ仰ЩɳҰ仰
ǿطʼղԲηͬߣǵıжһǿ߻ɱ
ǶɳҰĻοҶˣ
ձ˶ôαô
һΣҶڣŮضųҰԵúܷŭǿʦڣԹ⿪ڽɣ
ǺǡǸųұȻȻʮ֮ڣҽһ
ҰԴЦѣǽһòһ
ΪţΪͷͨط磬
Сӣ˲̫޳ܣϴˣƨҷһҶͬӦ
ˣ˵һעҲ֪ʲôʱͻȥˣûʲô塣
ҰһЦֱӽط統˱֮ˣȻһƵؿҶˣǶдһ£ţûй涨ֹд裬ǴԷġ

һΣҶ죬վûлӦ
Ϊǵӥ֮ǰĶҲܹҰϢֲܿԲܹԸġ
Ů˫ȫͻȻ
ӥüͷһֱ˳ҰǽĿͶϷһһϷУա齨ֲĻҪݣѵ֮󣬽ԻֲΪ齨ֲһսָӡֲӻָȨӺ˵𣿡
⼸뵱ģӵָȨϷмһЦЦ
ѵսȵǸǾһѧǿսϿԱһǹֻеĵ˸ࣿӥޱʡ

һΣϷ죬ûп
ȻĳսʿҪѧʵϿֲǹȲսԱ
ʲôɣ
ҰȴЦֻһָͷһϣҲһս
˻~
ٴҰһĻҶõ˶ڴ¡
Ů˫ȫͻҲս˫ȭٲȻѵ̵ļޡ
Ұǵѵʱһ£Ҳ˵ֲûʽ齨ڴڼ䣬ʱԱôȷ϶ӳ
Ҷ˲ͬΪսСζӳӥžԵ侲ĮػӦҰ
ৣ
ȻӥĻҰɫһ䡣
ȻձطԲܲμֲӥĻеһ˿ǡ
Ϊطֻǻĵͷͨ
仰˵ǻĳططع鲿ӵĻطȫ
ΪҪǣȻձ̵Ĵ֮һ޷ɽһȣֻӵжǿߵʵ
طɱǿ
һطļֲĻԣֱجν٣
Ұǻо仰˵ȥĻͬóȥˮղġ
ۿҰɫӥԿ϶ҰطĶ֣ٴ俪ڣ쳹ȵʱǵ˵Ļ




1595 ƻ䣬ս
п
ӥĻ£ٴ˰˻ֲӵ֮⣬˶ӥвԼͬðһ뷨
ᣡ
һ̣ӿֳ𰸡
һ棬Ǿãֻӥǰⲻ
Ϊӥ˵ʵ̫ͨŶЭͷսĳֲʵСĶ̰壬ҲѷڣҪ˵ȫɳսʿɵֲˡ
һ棬ӥֵʵ̫ˣ˵ǿƣȫûнʵǿĳҰô
ţ
Ұüͷ
ͬһҲܸܵҰǿƣӶԼõϢ˻ɡ
ԵϷΪ׵ֲǱҲһ
ӥ״û˵ʲôޱȡ
ҶŮ˸ӥеıͷŭѾȻ޴棬ȡ֮ǳ졣
˵Ӱ
ӥֻƾطͷóҰϷ˼нͣϢģ
ҲǶӥ岻ѡ
Ͼڸղ£ӥžԵ侲ҲΨһܹķסձֲӺֲӡ
侲ΣӦ޷ġ
ǳҰǵϷû˵ʲô
ղţǶӥĻסˣǵķӦǵı飬һڱǶǸվȫ˿ڣŴε촫˵ĻĴη塣
һ£Ǵ˿ȥʲôֻһִ˵ĸо
òͽ֮󣬳Ұ͵Ϸһʱӻصᣬ˼ͬһʱϵԵϼٴȷطǷμֱ
ҹĻ𽥽ٵʱ򣬳Ұ͵Ϸھ»غ󷽵һɽͷˡ
֮Լ˫ֱϼ֤ȻϢ
ϷӳǱô˵
Ұȿڣûп׺ѣֱ⡣
鱨Ǽţط粻ܲμֱӣΪֲǸӥĶӳڹƣŻǣ
Ϸ˵ԼõϢȻ˵ԼжϣʵǱʲô
ǵ鱨ҲΪط粻ңǹ̵һɽһ̣ҪͨսѧǻطƳǿƻɱ
ҰЦһط統һˡ
Ŷ
Ϸǰһò˵ǵļƻҪ軪ֲӣҪŲȻѧ磬ɱط磬Գϴˢĳ裡
ϷӳôֽѵǵɡǸĻ˾ƵؿǣҪͣ
Ұۣɱһ
á
Ϸܸɴͬˡ
Ƚѵ軪ֲӶԣϣֱֲָȨ
οҰֵĻڼӵذﵽĿġ


ձʿɽ̵
Ϊ̵ǿ˵ɽһ
̵ƶߡ֮ḷ̌ӵа벽ʵĳд忡̻Ρ
УλУʵݵ
ʦд峤ϣ̻ʴˡ
ɽһ̽һʱ̬ʮֹ
ɽһ̣ԭǼƻȳҰֱѵؽѵ軪ֲӺǰĽսֲӵĳԱǼթûطͷŻҰֲӣȻڹһţ³Ұ˵ĻǶ졣
̻ʾ̣Է΢΢׺󣬽ĿͶɽһ̣˵
١һֱǼթųĴֻϸûаסᣬѳǵĽ£
ɽһ˵ţ֮жԻĳŲмͱġ
ǵģ˼ȼթųΪǵļթųҰһʱ޷ѵֲӡԣ˾ıƻս껪ѧ磬طɱ֮óҰ֡
̻˵ɽһĿģȻЦطǻֲӵĽˣԻֲԱĴǾ޴ġʱֻҪҰһ£ضԷͻ̲סһҰܳˡ
á
ɽһ̵ͷȻ˵ԼĵǣҵųĻ˲ӭսǸط硣ɥ֮Ȯһھ⣬ԼŮ˶֣ô죿
ɽһ̣ǵĿϴˢ衣
̻ʿڻӦѧڵﵽǰδе۷塣£ձѧ緢սǲӭս⽫Ϊѧĳ裬Ҳûѧ½
ͬĵǻطıĻμݻٻֲӳԱе
ˡ
ɽһԣ˼Ϊ̻˵úе
ֻҪսıˡ
սӭս֮˻Ϊĵ»꣡
̣ѧ罫ΪȫѧЦ
ɽһ̣ȻҶʵģսϵձѧձҫмǲɴ⣡
̷·ܹɽһ̵˼Ƶģѵ
ʦģսʲôĶ֣Ҷȫֻɱ
ɽһ̾ϹڻӦɱ˲ӿһѼʵ׵ɱ졣
á
̵ͷȻƫͷ̻ʣ̻ʣȥսɡ
ǣˣ
̻ʹȻ˳ϵĴȥִо̵
ձѧɽһִ̣֮ﻪĶ¼կ̨ѧ緢սʮ֮ڣѧǿ֮ߣ٣Կӭսÿһս
һСʱսӹ̵ձý巢˲䶯ȫ




1596 ȫը
ձ̵ǿɽһҪսѧ飬ͬһ쫷һ㣬Ѹϯȫ޴𶯡
һ棬̵ΪձϵضǿһֱȫѧҪɲ֣Ѿܾûгˡ
һ棬̵γȻѧΪսĿ꣬ȫ˵Ԥϡ
Ϊѧһֱȫѧ֮ʵΪǿġ
οԴǼٲһս󣬻ѧﵽǰδе۷壿
ԭʱţǼٲһսȶȺӰ½̳½ձ̵ս鹫̳ٴηˣ
찡̵ȻˣѾûгˣϴγϸʮɣ
ͬϸһ̵һ㽫ìͷָѧ磬ĻѲǵĻģѧǽ˶ʢʱڡ̵ô
̵һγЭձ㸲ģһΣֵΣ

ս鴫֮󣬰̳ɡ
һʼЩ̵֪ڵԱԹ̵е𾪣ԼԾ̾Ϊܿһӵĳ֣־̾Ѹʧȡ֮ǺȻ
ձ̵սѧһµķ
ӵݡ
ǽ֯ǽ֯СԲٵѾϯߵĽȥչˣɽ֯鱨Ա
һձ̵սѧ磬ʵԺ;ԡ
̵һսǿɽһ̣սǻѧǿµߡ
һֺȡɵķʽͬʱ˵ձ̵֪֪֮뻪ѧʵ޴󣡡
ڶձ̵ɽһ̷սʱѡ񿰳
һǾǼٲһս֮󣬻ѧﵽ£ʱձ̵ܹӮսǵڽѧ統ʯѧڽµͬʱҲձ̵ﵽǰδеĵز
ǻѧǿţΪȫѧһһ˵ǼٲһսءӲƴһУδɱƺأʱ޷ָ
һɽһ̱Աܿȷսĳɹʣ
ձ̵ѡսغ⡣
Ķ¼կձѧ籱һűʦͽˣһȥսѧĵص㡣
һΣطһսɱʦͽˣձѧ磬֮ǶһǱձѪϴձѧ磬հȻ뿪
ձ̵սѡͷźš
һǱɱط磡
ͨɱطͲȻѧ磬ϴˢ裡
ģݿɿϢձ̵һ˳Ұ
Ϊط罫Ϊսؼˣ˵ǾԵ
սΣĿԴǻٺͱս
֯

ͬʱΪ͢ʥŮ֪Ϣ֮󣬵һʱ˽̻˹ڵСá
Ϊձ̵ǿɽһսѧҵ𣿡
˹Ҳ֪ϢҲµѵȺʱ֮ЦŴȤ
̻ʱ£ҿ֯ķ̵ǿɽһ̴˴սҪĿǻɱط磬ôżɽʵ
ӹɵġطձĳ̫ˣձձϴˢ裬ѻָ֮ǰľͷ˹΢΢ףڻص
ΪطӦսӦսĻܷǸɽһ̣ԣͷһ
ǼٲһսĳΪ˻ط磬׼ȷ˵Ϊ˾Ůˡ£¶棬֤ûͻơ
˹һǵɽһ̷ųݻѧǿ֮£٣Կս֤ԼʵžԵģžǿ֮޵У
˼ǻط粻Ӧս˵Ӧսɫһ䡣
ţѾǸ¶ȫѧֱǰĻطˡˣϧˡ֪ǰ£ôӦս
˹˵ԼطĿ
ıˣʿų򣿡
һΣû˵ʲôаԼ

Զᵱų
ͬʱ
Ӣ׶
ΪӢҹݿҲ֪ɽһѧ緢ս顣
ɽһֱ̼̫ɶˣȻװķ˵ʱ򣬷ս
ݿԹܴΪɽһձ̵ʵ̫ˣֱǳ֮Σ
һսϵԼϵѧҫ޷ָҲӦս
ݿϵԹȻ޴棬ȡ֮ǵǡ
ΪǵãǸ˼ĺ˵һ仰
ԶᱳҵҵҪʱԼ


1597 ܵУ
һձ̵Ҫսѧңȫۣǽ֯ƪӣΪ˸ص㡣
δѧӭս
ۻѧɺӭսһսɱ⣬ûѧ½ΪȫѧЦ
ձ̵ɽһ̸ҷս˵ǿ֮޵УҲӵоǿ֮ʵǻط벻Уǻ¸ӭսǻǼٲһսѡͷڹꣿ

ͬʱҲĿͶ˻ģȴŻѧĻӦ
ԤǣֻҪѧӦսܶǰĹս
ྩ֯ܲ
վڰ칫ҵĴǰŴʻʢȴûһ͵˼üͷ鼫ѿ
ձ̵ǿɽһѧ緢ս飬λִ֯൱ˬ
~
ͻȻֻ𶯵𣬴˰칫ҵİ
ֻһɵ֮󣬱ͨ˵绰
Ǳߴôձ̵飿ȿʵ
ĿǰûоķȥѰֻˣʾֻᡣʵ
СĽΪǸɽһ̵ձߺǿѧǿ֮£Ķ֣ԣһ뵽ʲô
Сûˣһֱֻ
˵ձ̵֮ΣܲΪԷֶ̫ɡ
ֲǱߣձֲӺֲӣҲΪС粻ڣǵĶԱٰƺ衣
С֣̲ס̾˿ԭҴ绰㣬ǿƻǸɽһ̣ݺݴձ棬ֲѵǱһЩƺûôס
£ɵüͷ
Ȼףط˵ǰ£ѧһսûбʤİգ˵ûĿ£Ļ֯ͲȥұչصֻĽʾˡ
ʵȷˡ
յ֪ս֮󣬱һʱҹ깵ͨ
չ˵ձ̵ءǿѧ֮һżϵѧУǿɽһ̸ҶԻѧ̨ʮս˵顣
һձ̵Իѧָƣ֪ѧǿ֮¶Щɫ
ڶ̵ɽһ̵սžԵģΪط֮⣬ѧǿ֮Ķ֡
׼ȷ˵
֮ǰСͨ绰ңƻҪ²ָܻ
ۿղ˵еĵǸС֮⣬û˿ԻǸɽһ𣿡
ɣҲ㣬ǿ֮µȷҵһаջɽһ̵ˣҲȥʾֻˡȻҪֻγȥļңļǿ˳ӭսϣһ
ʵ˵еĵǱɸŨ
˵ļǿҲֻϣаա
Ȼˣûа취СǰָȻСӭսʵ
С
պܸɴطɵ飬һ֪ģСǻͷͨڻľڣǱʵʩץ
ڶСûкãǿнɱĻӰ쵽սðգвرᱻɱ
СӦսջɽһ̣ҲƼӾ硢񻯣пԶ޷ָԽɾ޴Ӱ졣
ˡ
ԣֱӷˡ
Ȼʶɱɽһ̺Ҫϣطκ⡣
йȻи˸ɫʣҪǣѾֹһ˵ֻĶططпܴﵽ˵е񾳣ȫۣ֮ΪԹǿػˣ
Ǹ˿Ľ˵ѧһʱĴ۾Ե΢ˡ

ɽɽɲԶһɽϡ
ʮͯվһţӥҪ󣬽жϰ
ӥվںͯǵǰ棬࣬΢΢üͷ
һУԶʮӵϰ⣬෴ʮӵԺЩ䡢˵ѵõӣ䷽ΪŬ
֮⸱飬ΪѾ˵˹̵ɽһսѧ顣
ȫѧϱձѧػܡشһɱѩܣطȫѧϽػɱ
ձµѧð˳ɵδɵԸ۷嶼ǣôܻɱžǿ֮޵еɽһ̣
ģС̫ҪˣȻطֵ֮ʣս
ͬʱѵزԶĵطԡվһмһˬ
ǰֵûˣһƾ
Ҳһˬؿڸ͡
Դʦʦһ顣
żԺ˵Ļ£ͻȻڵ
ʲô
Ժͬʡ
ǧشʦ֪顣
ѵǻѧܵǸɽһ̣شʦӣȻǰȥӦս⽫һʮյ飡
š
ԺԣµǶԵģ׷׵˵ͷȻԼͬؽĿͶԶһľݣĿгڴ
ڴطǰȬǰȥ޳ܵɽһһ




1598 ˫
Ϊѧءǿѧ֮һļҵλƹ󽻽紦ڴɽ֮Уˣٳ
ɽһһγȺɽʱҲûͨ·ɽгҰ޳ûѰ˵ȸ޷ɽҪ˵ҵļˡ
Ȼ
ձ̵ѧ緢սĵڶϣһӰںҹ˼Ⱥɽ֮еļء
֯ιꡣ
ԭҵƻʾӦձ̵սƻĲչصĵط
ΪˣѰƻĵľǾļǢ̸¡
ļؽһɽ£ԼмʮľݣԶԶȥһϵկӣʯͷΧǽΧǽذΧ
ܵɽ϶ũأũ
ʱգļȻũԵ
غׯ԰һļҲÿѲߺվڣǷֹҰްҹأҲǱãԵһʱϱ峤
ļڵʱ򣬺ȻĿࡢߴŴ󸫵վڴͬһػء
ļһֱΪԼǴ˵ĺѪͻͨ˲ͬ˸ĸߴͣӡ
ļѵÿһλ˳֮󣬶ҪùϵҩԡͬʱҪѧϰдеĸ
ļأǺˣ˵ʲô
ܿ죬귢ͻȻֵĹ꣬һǰһʵΪ
ļļ֪֪Ͼڻѧ縺ʢ
ڹȥЩ굱УвĽʶһļأļѧգδԸ
ҡҺҵѧ岻ͬļѧֻļӵܣӲ⴫
ǻ֯Ĺ꣬ҪĴʦ飬ͨһ
ͣ½ŲԱݣȻ⡣
ǻ֯ĸΣͳͼܻѧļأǰļҹذ£ȴԷͨļƶ󣬷ɽļء
Ϊ֪ѧʦǰݷļңߣδ룬Ǳȶ˳
ڹȥʮ굱Уļֻ˽ȥΡ
һǵءǰսƻġڤʦʦ޵˲УļҴ˽ءܣѧҫ
һΣƻĵ˵Űݷãл
ڶƻĶǰ
ʱΪдԼ书ݷøŴɣո֮ڻͨаļҡ
ԸԳؽļأļ˽д裬Ȼǰϲɽ֮д˿Ŵ书ġ׻ȭ
ŴʦԵȡ
ž޸ĿĻ˸Ȼתļأǰȥ㱨
Ӻ󣬿ȥٴ񣺡Ŵʦүү롣
лл
лȻſļأܿߵһľǰ
Σӭļء
ľǰһɫ۵վ֣Цſڵ
ǱˣļĿǰƶ껡
ĴʦҹͻȻáţбǸ껹񣬶껱ֵüΪء
ǷأΪ껺ļҵʵΪءѧҫ
޷һ̸
΢Цҡҡͷǿ뿪Źľ
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ùļҵؼ˼֣Ͼļڻѧĵλļ˾ɽٻֿɵá
ȻҲףҲļũԵѧϳʢ˥
ΣҹãΪ£
żɽʵ
껵Ļ֪ļҲҶжϵ껻֪飬һµĴʦձ̵ˣѧ緢ս
Ŷ
Щ⣬ѵСӵĵӷˣսѧ磿
Ĵʦġ
æϸڣһһʮظ껡
ɣգҴһͬǰ¼կӭսСӣ
ллĴʦ
ԣ񣬱л⣬ͬʱа˿
ԼĽ֮ͬļҴӭսǱ껶ļҴ˵ʵġ
ˡļǻѧһӣѧҫ岻ݴǣɫ
껴ȻĻûٿף顣
ͬʱ
ԭأҴСˡ
һΣأռ峤ҪμӻѧᣬҰط磬ˡ
ѧ֮չˣͬʱͻ۷ǿߡ
գʽͻƣ
С֮ˣʵںη
үˣ˵ڱչˡ
ʵףԼλүСĸſڻѧϳ˴չͻƳɹһʱҪѩܡ
ȻСһջģүһأ粻ˣˣƫƫүͻƳغˣǻ
˳Ĭ˵˵Ļ´С
ϾСͻ۷ǿߣҲһסǿһ
ļǼһûУ
Сֿʵۿ޷ͷ׼ļҴ
ΪѧΨ䵱Ķ֣
ڻ˴֮ǰΨһˡ
ҲѧĸΪһľ˫
үĿǰûļҴ˳صϢ
˹ػصȻ뵽ձ̵ǿսѧ飬һ
Ϊɽһ̣ѧҫСһ飬ͻȻԼСܲ׵
ʲôС׷ʵ
үġ
ȻԼ죬Ҳ֪Сӣ²ձ̵ɽһսѧС
ҵ֮ڶ¼կǸɽһ̵Сˣ
С˵




1599 ˭ͷڹꣿ
Ҵ˳ǿӭսձ̵ǿɽһ̣
ϣСӭսһʱ䱻֪
һ棬ձ̵ͻȻߵսѧ磬޴𶯣ΪȫעĽ㣬ڵȴѧķӦ
һ棬Һļǻѧءǿѧ壬ȫ󶥼ܴһֱȫ󶥼עĶ
ѧ粻ΪȫѧǿóֻһӭսͿˣ
ǰΪѧǿѧ֮һǿСȻڻ˴аܸ˻Ҹˣ˴θߵأѾָƣʵпܼǿˡһ£ѧսʵѡ֮һһսضǳҡʣ
ط翴ıˣѾǸηĻطˣǱͷڹꡪϴǼٲһսǾǿߣ⡣һսձ̵ɽһǳģҳҲ̫ˣ
СӭսϢ֮ٴ飬ǰ̳Ϊ֡
ڸ̾ѧҵ׺ʵǿҲڴСɽһһսᵽط磬ط粻ҳеʮʧ׸ط簲ˡͷڹꡯͷ

峿մӵƽʱλз԰쳣֣һá
һУֻΪҼ䴺սСǰ¼կӭձ̵ɽһ̵ս
䴺ʱ֮һγ
ͬҲСڶγ
ºӡ
Сһսɵģ
֮ǰСĸЩĵض
ҹ»㱨С˼֮ǰСıչصؼСʵȷСﵽ۷ǿ߾磬ΪСսԹھǿ֮µߣŴСȥ䴺ʾյõ䴺ͬ⣬䴺ʾҪԴСǰȥӭս
֣İɣһȫһսúýСˣСг޵е
ǵġ
ڻѧϰܸط磬ȻԼ޵һ
ΪΪԼǸʱûͻ۷ǿߣ
СһսҪ磬Ҫǻĵ磡
ǸСӣǸ칦
ҲǷ׷׿ڣΪС͹ľ
һԱվһԣûпֻһĽؿС
ˡ
󣬲С˵ʲô䴺￪ڴϣȻСߣ
ǣүү
СæȻ䴺˵£߳԰լ
լſڣһѵȺʱ䴺СүϳȻʻ԰
ͬʱ
ƹ󽻽磬Ӱɿشһɽϱɽµһկӡ
կļʮǾļһկӣկͨ·
ǳ˳ִկӣȻŶɽǰļء
˾կϵ
껡үˣ˳ǰȻɻǰ
ĴʦոսӵһϢ
ٶȽ֮󣬹óֻһδϢһշģ㿪ĶȻɫЩŹ֡
ʲôϢ
ͣ½Ų˹쳣Щɻʵ
ҵҷһϢ֮ǰһֱûźţողյ
ʵ˵˵ҴСأɹͻ۷ǿߣҷŻҪӭսձ̵ɽһ̡
£һǸ⡣
Ϊ껽̸ʱѧ˸Ӧս
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ԣͫ΢΢ŴȻһµ޷ǻȥΪ˵СӸոͻƣδüʵ벻СӵĶ֡һСܻʤҲǼõģʱСдһҲͲˡ
õģĴʦ
껵Ļ˿æӦ
Ϊļǿ˵ʼճĬ
ų׵ߣĿ࣬֫ͨҪһͷһ㣬˱ըԵӱһλεĴ󸫣էһȥһ־㤵ĸо
Ȼ
ıȻ෴
˫峺ûκʣ麩ʼŵЦݣһ޺ĸо
⿴뵽ͻ۷ǿߣеĵǻˡ
ط˲ӭսС˫ڣӦÿձ̵ˡ
͵ҺļͬʱͬʱѧɡѧҵˣҲ׷׶¼կ
Ȼѧɡ嶼ףһսϵѧҫʵƣ޷ӭս뵽
ϾսڻĴϣձ̵ҳģ
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ڵʥʦǡɽɵһͳͳҪ䡢ӥͼȥ֤Сɽһ̵ս
ҴֵܳսҶȥСǸͽˣҶӡ󲻺á
֪ƶǵֱӱ̬ȡ
ţط粻սҲȥһĬԵӥҲˡ
ʥʦŴʦæתҵүүҲȥ
ԿӥȺ̬ȥȻҲԸȥ
ǡһ˵ҼХ죬ί˽һϡ
һսŻѧҫɽɡںͼΪѧ϶ҪȥġΪһĴȻҲҪġһ˵Եɡ
Ȼǲ֣ܳҲͨս˽뵱ѧ֮Ĳ࣬ͬʱѧиҲ洦Ҳˣ˵һĿġ
ΪһбҴֵܸǿΪʲôҪԶأɡ
ǲһطǵѣǶȻʾãԶ˶ǵĴ̼Ǹձ̵ǿˡҡͷ
ˣͲҪˣһսǱȥս
һİ壬ӹɣȻط磬Ͳˣˡ
һʽĻ䡢ӥͼԶΥ棬ֻЩź
Ϊط粻ӭսɽһ̣еź
Ϊɽһǳطģҽصѡ˳¼կ
¼կط㣡
ǴźǺһº׻ƵĶʮͯɽǰ¼կ
Ȼչǰ˵ҪһҪ㱨ԭҵ˽ΪҲϣðմӭսҲ˵뷨
뿪֮һɫվɽͷϣطչصľݣȻҲڴܹأʱϵ¼կֽСӻɱЩ˵ͷڹˣ֪Ƕô޴
£ž¶ڴ


1600 Ŀһ
Ǯʹĥ
ɷϣڵᣬǮܹܶ飬Ҳܸıܶ顣
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ǶһĬĬկӣ֪ȻΪطɱձһűẉ̂ó¼կ
֮󣬳͵ĸ׳·طߣ¾ʼ԰ۼCEOֱŵӵ̽磬ۼŸڳ¼կͶʡ
̶һʱ䣬¼կ˷츲صı仯·ޣҼһ·ӡ
͡¾ΧļҶˣ޽ԺӺΧǽ
Ǵ峤ľǼ˼ҶԴûκ顣
Ϊ˲ڴطǷӣΪǶ֪·ͺͳ¾һǳ¼կĸǡ
仰˵ûг·ͺͳ¾һˣ¼կܼҼһ·ӡС
ȻҲסһˡ
ط硣
Ȼǲ֪·¾ĸŮ˵츲صı仯Ϊط磬Ƕǵطڳ¼կկӿڣǿƻɱʦͽ˵ĳҲǵΪһս¼կ֧ط硣
ʱһ󣬳¼կٴӭѧʿ
쿪ʼ½½¼կϵ˼ס˳¼կһҾƵꡣ
ƵǰۼͶʽģΪط¼ҵ¼կס㣬Űۼڳ¼կͶʣʩλиҵӿ¼կƵǳãֱǰЩ˳֮ű
סҾƵлѧɡѧҵˣҲձѧʿ
Ȼ߶ףһսϵĺձѧҫӰ쵽ѧˡ
ѧʤһ¥ȫ
ѧܣձѧﵽδй۷壬ͬʱҲϴˢطձѧձĳ裡
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ЩϿţŷͨˣͳͳǰ¼կĹ·ϡ
ͻ֯ĹԱڹ·˹ؿѧʿͨ
֮⣬¼կڴҲйؿ˾ߣֹ˴طл¼կ
ҲӲ淴ӳˣ֯棬ڴ˴ѧսӣҲ֪һս壡
ӵʱһγ˾Ƶ¥£С䴺ӳ¡
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ʱֱˣ
Ϊ޷󣬵ʲôŻλձ̽縺ʢ̽š
˽⵽ɽһ˵ʵݺĵĿ֮󣬲ûιȥ
ܿģɽһﰣ񳵣һǼƵʻȥ
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ɽһԣһЦʾд忡ˡ̻ʴˣҪҪȥɱ
üһʱսʱ䡣д忡ĮػӦ
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ɽһ̲Υд忡־һ𾴵Ȼ૵ϧطǸ鵱ͷڹ겻Ҳҳɱûᣡ
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١̻ʴ˵ǻɱطǸ飬Ϊλսչ֮ս
ɽһһЦĿһе̬·Ѿѧ˽£


1601 һ˫
ҹĻٵʱ򣬹껡үҲ˳¼կľƵ꣬ˡ
ǵִ֮ǰ˶ü֮⣬ѧŴɡѧ˶ˣСɵӵܡ
üųʦ̫ڻѧϱطˣĿǰڱչˡ
Ϊ˫֮һСС֮ϡ
ԭĵִСִʱ䶯Ϊֵ㣬˶ڲòͣ˵ĵδ֡
ʦǰѶ£ȥԷɡǶڲòͣô档ס֮󣬳˵
Ȼոյִָơ
Ϊպͻ֯Աǰִк˴ǰսĻѧʿͬʱҲǶ԰ձھߡ鱨ԱʵʩأֹǳŴ˴սĻᣬڻľ鷸ơ
á
껵ͷԹİûκ顣
Ӻ󣬵ꡢ껺ʱ˲˵ע
ǻߣձߣЩȫ鱨Ա׷̸ֹͣòͣ׷׽ĿͶ껡үˡ
ļҵƶߣұΪѧǿߵһˣдƣѾֻ̤񾳵Ĵţǰ벽ǿߡ
֮⣬ءսѧ缸ʧؼʱ̣껳֣ǿƽءܡ
һ֮⣬껼û뿪ļأ˶ԣԵøء
ļҵǿˣط統ճȫѧһһ˵ͷںܶһУǻѧϵĵһţֻһֱûг
ֱճǲŸı俴
ܹɱЩųƾǿ֮޵еһǿסǿһԶԶ
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Իִ֯òͣҹ˽ʼնûж䴺Сү˱ֳ쳣
ߵԲʱ򣬻֯ĹԱѾͶ˵Բϣ䴺˴к֮󣬱ͷò͡
ȻǶ֪ձߺ͸鱨Աǽ̸ĳϡ
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ҲܹǸձ̵ĴˣҲпܻң޷
治ɫȻ̹ϵ˵Ϊ޷ӲƴǿȫһҲˣǽȫѧһһˡ

СԶԡ
Ϊ˵ʵ
ʵϣ·˵ڵ¼֮󣬱òᡣ
ҪǿӲ䣬Ȼ֪ʵδսĴ㣬ҼᶨһҪǿ
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ȻһγΪļҼϢȻ֪·ϴӹ֪طڹȥΪѧһУ塣
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Сһһˣӽ󣬻ѧҫûʲô£
á
𺩺һЦСĿ񣬷˹·˵һ仰
ССǻѧһľ˫ôǻѧһһ˫ǴŻѧδ




1602 һ¶
ڶ죬ʱ򣬳¼կľƵǻߣձߣȫ鱨Ա׷ˡ
Ϊɽһ̵ս飬ڽڳ¼կ̨ܻѧǿ֮µսδ˵ڳ¼կĸط㿪ʼս
ߵӵʱط֣ձ˳¼կĴڣկӿڵľͻ֯Ա˶ݵĹ֮ͨ󣬱ð׻ڵߣȦһʮ׵ĳأȻڳд̨ĸ֡
ձ̵ɽһ̨λãǵطɱʦͽ˵ĵط
ĴԲ٣ɽһ̺ɱط磬һѩǰܣ
ձ̵߰ɽһ̵Ҫ̨֮󣬺ܿۼĻߣ̨λú⡣
١ɽһ̴ˣ̨ʮڣǵĻ߲УӴս
ǰʮ׶ɽһ̴˶ԣգۼʱǲУֻҪôɱҪôǱ̨䣡
ձҲ̨飬Ƕɽһ̵ʵžԵģΪɽһ̱ضԻСκһսĻߡ
Сһв֪飬ڽڤ֮󣬱㱻䴺е˷䡣
Сս䣬ӵһ޵֮ģЩ߶ԣǼΪѵõģҲǳΪѧǿߵıر
ս֮ʣ䴺ĳС̸ǿ϶Сŵ㣬Ȼ󻰷һתҲȱ㡣Ƣ꣬ͬҩͰһһš֮⣬̫ԸСЩױá
СĬ
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طʲô£
СЩΪȻǿ󣬵طᲢۡ
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ڲ֮صʱҲԻڵԭ򣡡
үүǾ֪һսʼû¶棬һΣǸɽһǳģȴƨҷһȷ绢Сһͬ
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֪ˣүү
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Ȼ񣬵ԿֻǶԼʵžš
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ˣսûʼڤƬ̣Լľ
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СһȻ䴺˵ڤ롣
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ৣ
С˫ۣʵүүС𣿡
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䴺˵կӿΪ˻ġձߺȫ鱨Ա֮⣬г¼կĴ
¼կĴѾ֪Ҫб飬׷׸ۿ
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£˶ͨկӿڵĵ·ȴСĵ
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ܿ죬䴺С˳˵ҰУ˺һԶɢÿһͨ
ͬʱ䴺С˼ӿٶȣ֮կӿڡ
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գ
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֪һеͬʱǷ׷׿С
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ɽһ̵ƣСûлӦĬĮ߽̆
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СӣС˼׼үүûã
СһЦһֿ׳յĿ⿴ɽһ̣⣬Сӣүүһ¡
еʱʲôԹŵһߣȻЭһ¶⡪սڼˣȻ




1603 ʦ
£С˵Ӵ쳹ʣþòɢ

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ΪҴ˵СΪСӡսƢ꣬ſޱȡ
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˿̣ɽһ˲仯ӰȫѾﵽ˾ǿ֮µļ¡

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СһȭХ˲ǰӰȭֱա
һӰɽһ̵ڱóӰʱûг֣ԻСġ
һգСֽͣȭ
֮ͬǰһӰҲǲӰɽһûг֡
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ᣡ
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洫书Ǹ书ĴСñơ
ò˵ɽһ̲ɱܷḻӰƭС֮󣬵ĵӰС֣ȴԷΪС޷˵ֻ֣Ӱˡ

Сһȭɽһ̣ȫӵӰһͺ𣬷·һͷŭıһ㣬ֱӳǰɱ
һ棬ȻĵӰɽһ̵һӰ֮ͬǰһǲӰ
һ棬Դӵ̨֮󣬱㱻ɽһ裬俪ʼ֮Ҳɽһѹƣбһӻ
Сģ
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1604 ڹ
Сˣܵúܿ졣
ɽһ̵Ľֹ̿ƺܸӣʵֻ˲Ϣ֮䷢
ֳɽһ̵Ӱе𾪣ǴлعСȾѪѪɳ̨
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ˣ潻ֻӲƴɽһ̲ɵػС洫书ƣϰǿھۺСɵֵͻɽһ̵湥
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䴺ΪСĽĻȥˣսɽһ̣ȴû뵽СվǺԸ档
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ȻСӡܲΪطԵʣСеģС˵ɽһеʱ򣬽ȥĶԹŵһԣڴСܹʤģӶѧҫ
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ʱСصˤ̨⣬ϺǶѪɫ԰ס
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С֮Ұܣԭоͱûڲѣ˿ɽһ̵ĻŭģֱǣˣһѪֱӻ˹ȥ
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սдÿֻһսղţѾС˱䣬ȷҪұ䣿
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ҵĻڹ
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ৣ
Ӧɽһ̵һƿ
ŷĴ󸫣һֱ̨
ʵж˻Ӧ
ս




1605 ֶ
̨ϣž޸ȻԶʱڵľһ㣬һǿҵӾЧ
ûκֻǳĬվд߶ļ洫ѪطѪ·Ҫȼһ㣬ھҲǹ糱һѾõսڸգϢ֮ǰСǿ
ţ
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˵书ļȽϻϹе̹ſصĹ´ģ书ư磬ǿ
Ѫ洫书
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ﬣ
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ڽ
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ҲձԻ͵ʱƽʱĴڽձʦ
ͬձ̵е񵶣Ψÿһǿ˺͹̵Ȩʹá
һΣɽһ̴ձ̵ձѧսѧ磬ձ̵̽ڽɽһ̣ʹѾձ̵ձѧ֮
ʣɽһû֮ǰԸСＤŭ𣬶Ƿ߶ھ
ȻΪʼûгԵʣɽһ̶ƢԸһ֪ܲǹڶĳȡ
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Сӣ㾹ọ̈
ͬʱһŭ
ˣļҼ껡
ǸΪѧǿ޵дڵˣȻŭһֱӽ̨




1606 ֱ׳
ȴɽһ޼ƿʩʮŵû˵һëھһ˿ң¶
Ȼ
͵Ҫɽһ̵зʱɽһ̲˰һöж̣
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һУֱļҼŭ
Ϊչǲöģã
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ң
ͬʱձ̻һȣ̨ͬɽһǰֹ껶ɽһ̳֡
ûɽһ̣ǵһʱǰ

һ٣һĳ𵴣ХֱӽԵĶ̴ɢ

һĻϽˣɢ붾̡
ǰһѷס𣺡Соô
ûлش
˿̣Ѿӿڣҿʼˡ
־ᶨǿ󣬽Լѣ޷鿴ȥЩ㱣۾ʱʱϣһζ·ʱ
һĻ֪ǿҵԻúãѾ־ˣĿ絶һɨɽһ̣һŭСӣΥöСô
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ǿ׳һ껣ϷʵЦ١ѧʲôʱ涨֮սöˣ

죬Զԡ
ЩԭŭޱȵĻߣҲͳͳĬˡ
Ϊ֮вöֻȫѧĬϵĹǡ涨
껣Թȫѧûκι涨ֹ֮öοɽһµ̨ղ֮սǶðöûκ⣡
ۿ껺ͻѧӪѻȸ̻Ҳˣͳɭ䣬㣬ͻȻ̨ԤӰղŵı䣬Υ֮ǰԼ

ٴγĬ
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ʱӥˣΪһսձѧĵ⣬ֿɽһö𣬶һڳһֱ׳ӣ߲ѡ
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Ȼ̻һЦ껣ΥԤ䣬ʲô˼ļ䲻𣿻ǻѧ䲻𣿡
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껿ڻӦɽһ̼Цղţʱ֣ǸͷѾɱˡ
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ΪñĻֻ䡣
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ৣ
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Ƿ裬Ǻ˵ʲôʲôǳ˽˫ȭʺͷŭضɽһ̡̻֮⣬ʲôҲˡ
١̻ʴˣ˵ûɣ˵ĹųˣҲˣ
ͬʱ̨ϣɽһȴǼЦ
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Ȼ
Ļ˵꣬ڵĶԱ㳹׷ֱ˹ȥ껵ļͷ

һĻɽһ޼ɵشЦڳЦҲڳЦѧ硣
Ȼ
һ̡
Цһŭϡ
طֵ֮գɥ֮ʱ



1607 챣
һ̺޾ķŭһһ㣬ڳ¼կկӿը죬˲ûɽһ޼ɵĴЦشֳÿһ˵ĶС
ɲǼ䣬̨ϵɽһڣ˶һȻԼͬؽĿͶ˸ղŭˡ䣡
ղţɽһö͵ϮжӮñ֮󣬲𣬻طͻѧ磬ġ˶ų
һУ䱩ŭѣʶغ仰
Ȼ
˿̣һĿ⣬ϵķŭɢȡ֮ǲ
ڳ֮Ϊ֪طˣطĿǰڱչˡ
ˣطӦսˡ
һ£ط磬Ȼʱѹɽһ̵棬ط˵Ļֻûѧӳ衣
ӥԡյȲμǼٲһսˣͬЩ
ΪǺ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮ޷ջصġ
ղŵĻаطӦսˣһᵼֽ
һطǰأƻָɽһõսǰӦսɱɽһ̣һѩǰܣѧҫ
˶ڴĽ
ڶط粻ǰأĻΪһջѧ罫ΪȫѧЦ׳Ϊձѧĵʯ
طδȬأӦսпΪˣ޷ӳǿʵɽһ̣ɽһ̻ɱǣط粻ƣһսɽһ̻ܣ²ɻָİˣӰδѧ֮·
ǹΪĵģҲԸ⿴ġ
Ϊԭûи֪طɽһսѧ顣
ҴˡļҴ˶ˣط𣿡
ͬʱѧӪЩ֪ĻߣǾɵؿ䡣
ʱطǵĽҲǻѧĵĽ
ǸɵˣӰߣԵ߸ķʽ˻һ㣬ڶ̶̲ʱڣɳΪ˻۷ʦѹȫѧһ̧ͷϺӴ򱬣֮Ӣ׶һ˴ʵԽǿߵɱ֣ӵ۷ǿʵĺڰ᳤¬⡭
Ȼ֮Ǹ˾ͷ·˼ʧһ㣬ҲûгֹԼŮ˱ٳ֣Ҳֻǰгַƿ˼峤ʼû
ƺڶ̶ʱڣ߱ų
Ҳðѧв֪ڣȫѧΪط֮ǰٶ̫죬ȣʱ޷ͻƳΪ۷ǿߣǰͷ¶棬ֻɥ֮Ȯһھ⣬βˡ
ױһλͻȻðĻѧ콾ȡ

͵Щ֪ĻĻɻͬʱ̨ϣɽһھľ֮ЦĻЦЦгŲм뼥
ΪԣټĻģ޷ս֮⣬ǿ֮£Ķ֡
ط磬ζϣطܹǰӦսӶ˻Ὣط򱬣ϴˢطձѧ硢ձձĳ裡
һ£ղǷÿЦ
̻ʺд忡ҲЦˡ
ɽһ̴Ѿսüˣط粻ҳ㾹ȻŻɽһ̴ˡڸЦô
١ǻطұ֤ɽһ̴ˣһֻ־
һֻ֣Ҿһָͷܴ
ۿɽһٴ޼ɵشЦ̻ʺд忡ҲһЦЩձξѣ׷ʲô˻šطѧ硣
УȻΪطǸôǿڹսһңܵסʮУ䣡
ɽһ̴Цһɨһ䣬ȻŹȻѧľǿȡЦһսܲ۸ǻѧɣ

ɽһ̵Ļ£䣬ǹˣûп
׼ȷ˵ǲ֪λӦɽһ̡ط첻Ҳ޷
սطֵûҲûгη塢ӱܣΪ֪飡
ʱһĬԵӥͻȻˣЩ仰˵֪ս飬ձض
Ǻǡò֪֤ų򣿡
ɽһٴЦˣЦеļŨ
ǰϵ֪Ҫչزһѧڱչ֮Уһж֪顣
ӥ˵ͣһ£Ȼ˵طֵܹסʮУ䣡١طֵʵ޼ţ
ţ
ٴӥĻɽһ̵ͫ׶ȻŴ
˵ȫѧһһɵǷĪ
Ϊ
޷ڱȸɽׯһСƾһ֮ѹųƾǿ֮޵еһǿߡ
޷Ӳǿȫһ
ȫѧ磬Щ޵һʱľ֮⣬û˿һ㣡
ӥ˵طʵ࡭
ֱϵĲмڳȻ޴棬лӿֳһ˿ĪĲӥ˵ģսѧ磬ǵѩܣ뻢ڣ
Сӣ챣ӣطֵʮ֮޷أｫΪĹأ
͵ɽһиеĪͬʱӥһοˣʮ֮ڲܳأ֮գɥȪ֮ʱ
һΣӥټȴɽһ̡̻д忡ɫһ䡣
ΪĻһѴĦ˹֮ɽһ̺ձ̵ձѧͷϣ
䣬䣡


1608 ﺴҫ
ӥͬطסѧ棬Ҫǵöࡣ
ǱʾطԴº֪飬ȻԱطʵûȷʾطһսڼӦսȷطһأؽɱɽһ̡
һ㣬ӥŲɡ
䡢ԺϤط·ĹȻͬʱ˿ӥĻʱס˻ѧ棬Բ֮ǰĻ
١ųĻˣֻСϷô
ʱɽһ̻ع¼ᶨ˻ɱطľģЦͬսԼһڴ̨ʮ죬ʮ֮ڣطǸʱ
ֻҪطɽһ̴˱ȻὫ򱬣
ҸҶ϶ط粻Ҳ
ɽһ̵Ļ£ЩձٴδԲ֮ǰô㡣
Ϊӥ˵طʵºһ仰ʱܹɽһ̻ʺд忡üĿ֮һĵǣ
һУӡ֤֮ǰĵǡɽһ̲Ķ֣
Ȼڱչˣ޷ӦսطпʵӦսĻɽһ̺ƥС
طӵпʵ
طӦսô
ͬʱЩȫ鱨Ա׷̲סаԼ
ûд𰸡
޷жһУһ뵽Ǹվȫ˿ڵпٴγǱǴ˼Ѫһ˷ܲѡ
˷֮࣬óͨѶ豸Ϣʱ㱨档
ȫԣϢļֵпܱȻҡļҴܻȻҵ
Ժ󣬵ǻ㱨ϵʱɽһԾ̨̻ʡд忡˳뿪
д忡ˡ̻ʴˣ˵Ǹ˵𣿻طǸ飬ӵпʵ
֮ɽһ̲סʵ֮Ȼ޷ĨȥĲ
֪Ķ֣ҽ챩¶öŵơ
νĴ㡣
Ȼձ̵ȷڱչˣΪԷһƶӦӦսĻô죿
ö
ǾƶĲԡ
ֻҪӦսɽһ̲еĻ׼ʱöж˲Ťתƣɱʤ
Ȼ
㲻㣬ɽһû뵽ʵƾȴķ޼ƿʩҵ
֮£ɽһֻǰõơ
ֿ΢΢
̻֪ɽһڵʲôҡҡͷطߵǼ֮·Ҳ˵ҪÿһԽޡҲڻڣӵнڶǿߺ۷ǿ֮սԵʡ·ߣͻƻʱ䲻ãڶʱͻƻ۷壬ѡ
֮⣬Ҳ֪ѧһս涼û¶
ͻƻ۷Ļս۷ǿ֮ϣôܲ¶棿
̻˵ûɽһ̣֮ǰ˵ǸĻߣֻﺴǿԣɲطϣҪᶨ޵е»ط硢ĳˣҲɶҡǷ
̻ʵĻ£д忡ҲˣͳΪ޵еǳΪǿΪһʱıҪû޵еôսŽ͢ǿ棿
ллд˺̻ʴ˽̻壬ģ
ɽһԼͿȻд忡̻ʵлһɱرֻ̬ҪطǸӦսұؽɱ
ͬʱ¼կկӿڣЩձߣɽһ̡̻ʺд忡ȥҲ׷뿪ˡ
ӥطӵпʵ
طչذСµսڳ𣿡
ӥֱȥط磬СսСӣ

Щձȥ֮һЩĻ߷׷׳ӥڡ
СĽܣɽһ̳ԵĻиеΪеϣطϣȲ뿴ط罫ɽһ̴򱬡
ȷطֵܵʵչأûиңҲϵӥڻӦЩߡ
ˣս˽ȻȥϢ
ӥĻռЩ߻ѯʵļƣæֹ
ڳ֪֮Ļ֮һ
ԶʧӥСĻ˵©죬͸©һЩϢ
طϢǾԲܶģ򽫻֯ƻĴ޴鷳
һڣЩֻýߵĻ˻ȥ˷׷ɢؾƵꡣ
Сʱ󣬹˾Ƶͳ׷
ͳ׷λڳ¼կ󷽣ɽϣƵԶ
ۼŵⶰʵͳ׷ȫΪط硢Ȼȳ¾¼կ󷽱ס
񣬹Ϊ˱̸͵
ڤʦŴʦԴʦطһݡ
˽뷿֮ǳڤʦʦ޵˵֮ǰΪûкʵĻᣬһֱûиһ㡣
ԭˣ
ɹһ㣬ȴû뵽Ȼģ
Ҿ˵ǸͻȻðҲ̫ǿˣ
ڤʦʦ޵Ⱥ󿪿ڣȻһ˵ηģһܡ
յ˵ͷûٶ˵
οڤʦʦ޵ˣҲͲ˵Ǹˡ
ΣС𶼰ˣСڱչˣô죿ѵСǰأӭս
Ϊɽŵһʵ
ৡ
һ⻰һڣ˲佫ĿͶꡣ
Ҳ֪ģ




1609 ػǵ
һʱ䣬˰˶Ź꣬ŹĻӦ
Ƕ֪СǼٲһսءӲƴһУˡڻع·ϣڴһ£ƻûȫָҰԼԤٻҪ¡
Ϊһ㣬Һûн¸Ը֪飬ȻǴӦսġ
껺ڣȴʣǽԼ֮ǰΪβطս
ԭܹɽһ̣ȴû뵽ķչȫԤϣҲЩƿˡ
˳սĻʵܴܵӰ졣һʵǸɽһ̵С֮ϣҲпɱǵľǶԵġһٶȿˡ
ˣӦսջʤҲпܵ˸Ӷ°Ӱѧ֮·ѧδȷðա
ҼХҲˣʱܹˣڼ䶯䣬°˺ܶų׸Ρ
ꡢһͼХĻ˶ԵͷΪ˵Ҳͬǰľ
С粻սĻǿ֮£һܹսʤǸɽһ𣿡
ٶȿڣĿɨˡ
ԣǼȲԸطðմӦսġһط˶²İˣûƻĽһΪѧˣ
Ǹɽһ̵ձˣļ˼£Ҽ̳ձ̵ľѧӵߺԺɱ飬ܿ¡
ڤʦˣ˵Լɽһ̵ĿȻҡҡͷ־ǿ֮£Ķ֡
䵱ҲûС䵱ʦ̾˿
սʤֻԼ޵ͬΡ
˵Ļش𣬹겢δе⣬ǽĿͶʥʦǡһХ껡
֮껽Ƶ꣬½ⶾҩȻ˹
Ҿǿ֮ҲܹսʤǸСӡХЩ˵
Σɽɾǿ֮ҲаսʤСӣҪӦսܿڣɽͽƴһսҲ岻ݴǣ
һҲˣն
ΪӥȫѧϱձѧشУɽ¶ձѧ缫Ϊӣһֱ뱨
һձ̵սһܺõıᣬһ˵ɽû˿ʤ񣬵ɽԸӻ֯İš
ڴͿԳսʤСʥʦ˵
СӳսɣʵȻСһߣһƴ껳˵
µڣɽһöڻʮֿļܹ棬ͬʱѧҫ
ɣ껴ʦСĴӦսڴʹʦӦս׼
˵ĻӦλʦУɡҲηطǱߣΪ˳Զǣ;ص֪£ǲȥǿô
ã
ǡ껵ͬؿڣͬİţȴЩǺѹ֡
ΪǺĴҲãҲգɽһ̵ĿԶСһձ̵ѧ罫Żѧ
֮⣬Ҳףһ仰˼
ط磬;أδãҲһΪ˺ѧҫƴһս
һ㣬˺ɣ

͵֯ɡѧ֡ƶӦսͬʱձ̵սѧһĽѴȫ飬̳Ҳٴα
ձ̵ɽһ̺ǿȻսʤҺļҵǿˣ
ҾǿΪֳܶ˵ļҵǿʵɽһ̣Ҿ˵ǿһ㡪ɽһǲöĻʤˣ
¥ϵģöҲһֶΣձѧ˵ȫѧûκι涨Ҫ䲻öο֮ս

ɽһȺСΪ˵һĽ㡣
Уɽһ֮սۣٲΪеϧƽܿ㱻û
Ͼϸ˵ɽһ̲δΥ棡
սҲãҲգһʤΪ
ʷʤ׫дֻںȥ̵ġ
ϵ۰طʵȻԿȻ
ģǻѧֱ̫ˡȫѹȫѧһ̧ͷ
ˣԻڱȸɽׯǼٲһսչֳʵߣ˭Ķ֣طʵ£ҲһһˣͿȫѧһʧ
ǵڶĽ㣬ҲԶڵһȵ㻰⡣
һ棬طվȫķ˿ڣһһδ˵˹עĽ㣬˵֮ǰȫעһλˡ
һ棬˶طڽºձ̵սû¶棬ܶ˶Ϊط߱ų򣬽طûгӦս飬ӵ˿Կʵ
ֽȻķ˵̫
ôˣʮ֮ڣطӦսô
Ľ֮⣬Ϊעһ⡣
ûд𰸡
һ졣
طػǵߣٴγΪȫעĽ㣡




1610 սŰ
ļĴ磬սĵ죬ӭսձ̵ǿɽһ̣
͵ȫ²ط᲻ӭսɽһ̵ʱĴѧս
ĴӭսȫʧͬʱҲ׷Ԥ⡪Ĵذܣ
ЩѧǺܿĴ硣
Ͼɽһ̽սʤСչֳ˼ֲʵ
ĴʮȻûͻƾǿߣ𸸱츳ģҲʵġ
ʵӡ֤˸Ĳ²⡣
Ĵˡ
ɽһնһֱ̨ۣһ㣬̨ϡ
ٴθ˻ѧػ
ǣɽһڻʤ֮󣬲һ˵һ仰ͲҪӦսˣûʲô𣡡
ʱꡢڣѧߣŭޱȣһ˿ڻӦĴһͿأûκεֻͽ衣
οǶ֪ػð취죬ǿս
ɽһ̵仰Ҳǲ˳һѸٴȫڰ̳顣
µ񣬻ѧֻطսſԻɽһ̰
ǰ֮⣬ѧǿ֮µӭսĸûʲô𣡡
޷սͳˣǸط磬˵ڱչأڴ˴ս֪飬Ҳ֪᲻أ

սڶ죬طδٴγΪĽ㡣
ط᲻ӭս
ʲôʱӭս
ѧڴʹʦӭս
ս죬ѧٴδһ
ȫȫԤϡ
Ϊǿ͵ʵȻǲĴģ򲻿Ĵս
Ĵ粻ܸɽһ̣ұɽһնһֱۣͳսʲô
֮⣬Ҳڰ̳ɣڿʼЩɻɽǸӥļһ˵һˡطӵпʵѧ绹ôżⲻ߼
ɵӣõһЩ˵ӦҲܶ˷˶һΪ;Բսʤɽһ̣
ս峿ĺձѧߣȫ鱨Աٴ۳¼կկӿڡ
ģѧս
Ȼ
ͽС
йɽһһ̨߳߹Ƿü˼صˡ
ɽһ̴䣡
ձѧ޵У
һĻЩսձߣһǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ѣ׷״˻쳹¼կկӿڡ
һͬһǼĶ⣬ԹΪ׵Ļѧ˵ϣڼ̤ѧҫ
жֵסʲô˷ҵʱ𣿡
ͬʱһɫͷɽһ̣ͦصվ̨ϣһĵɨŹˣ˼¡
˻~
ԣ
Щձߺɽһ̵Ļ˷׷ױõ˫ȭա
ͬĴܵʱһûһ˿ֻĬĬؽ̧ߣȻһͬؾƵꡣ
ͬʱһսĽ˲䴫ȫҲ˴˰̳ϡ
ѧôһģ
ǰѧȡ裬Ҽ䲻ǲӦȥһطô
ձ̵սѾˣطûгѧѾĸ˰ˡӻǸӥĻ˵һУ
ҲʼˣǸӥĻпΪƣӶﵽʱѧҫĿģ
ſɣʱ֤һСطûʮǻԿ϶Ǹӥ˵һжǼٵģΪѧԹĳ裡

̳ٴ顣
ɽڰ̳Щ֮üͷúֱܽ޷ȥˣķҵعص˱ʼǱԡ
~
ʱֻóһ磬ֱӽͨ
С㣬طֵܳ𣿡绰ͨȿʵ
ʦشʦûгء
¿һԶľݣ̾˿
绰ͷĬ
ʦشʦ֮⣬ѧǿ֮£ѵûǸձߵĶ𣿡̲סʵ
ûУ֯ѾֹӭսˡЩͳ
³ĬüͷøˣеĲҲŨҡ
ΪĿǰƣѧΨطսſ桪Ļѧط˳ս
С㣬ǰ֮ǰõģȲҪȥطֵܱչˡ
·ܹµµ˼Ӹ𸴡
á
ӦһǴ򷭵ζƿʮָӡ
һߣû˵ʲôֱӹҶ˵绰
Σλʦطֵܻûгء
ͨ俴üͷ֪Լµͨˣǿڻ㱨һ䡣
ûлش𣬱ţ˶Ź꣬ȴŹľϡ
գԻ֯һ㱨˵һսΨطսӮȻʾ棬Ҫʱ̣طѧӭս
ʮӹ󣬹˵ע£ڴ˱İ´һҪ£طϲӸֺ֧Ͱ
ǣΣ
յһʱ
Σǣ
ʢ̲סѯʣҲ𾪵ؿŹꡣ
ȻҲ֪طǷս֮ڳأҪΪóս׼꿪ڽ͡
˻ȻüĿ֮価ڴ
ˡ
ѧսŰܣ澡ʧ
ڴطأɽһ̴һٴνձѧڽ£




1611 ʧĵȴ
طսڳӭսɽһô
Ĵʹ֮ȫڹעձ̵սѧµͬʱҲһ㡣
죬죬졭
ʱûκйطһѧҲûȥӦսɽһ̣ԹΪ׵ĻѧǶûǰ¼կկӿڣһֱھƵ
һдȫΧȻ󲨣
ˣطƨһȷˣ
ǵģҿԿ϶ǸӥĻ˵һжǼٵġط粻ӵʵҳս
ǻط磬ѧ綼ʧˣƺζŻѧ˸Ӧսˡսձ̵ʤĻ
Ǽٲһս󣬻ѧﵽǰδе۷壬ȴû뵽˲£㱻ձѧڽ£޳

һʱ䣬ȫۣ԰̳ȶߡ
˳׻ӥ֮ǰ˵һУܶѾԣӥ˵һжǼٵģҼط粻ӭս
ϣЩһֱڳ¼կկӿڵĸ鱨ԱҲһ
ĿǰǸطڣѧ綼Ӧսˣֱ˷ʱ䣡
磬Ϧɽͷʱһŷ鱨Ա˵
ҲΪֻܵȵս޹ˣܻȥ
û뵽ųȫǿѧȵĻģȻų
ǰ»ط粻ҲӭսսϣӮġ
ŵһ鱨ԱĻ£Щ鱨Ա׷
Щ鱨ԱֳۣءȴЩԻĸصߣһѡ
һ仰һѰѼ⵶ǵ࣬ǵѣΪߺͻ˵Ľһһش÷顣
Ǻ뿪ڷʲôϳɽһƴҲֻˡ
Ϊ
ûκεɡ
ƴûʸ
ǵģ
ʦǵǣȥӭս֮⣬ҲΪѧûˣӶӼѧĳ裡
ৣ
ͬʱ̨һɫͷɽһ͵˫ۣĿ絶һɨһۻѧӪ¶һЦݣȻ󻺻վ̻ʡд忡
ʼգûп˵һ֣ʱʤ
ַʽˣѧȤûˣ
һĻЩȫ鱨ԱҲ׷뿪ˣΨЩ߻ûߣǶɽһ̼˵ıӰһŭޱȣ˷ŭ֮⣬ʲôҲ˵ʲôҲˡ
ǵע£ɽһ̻ʡд忡һﰣ񳵡
д忡ˡ̻ʴˣ֮ǰжǶԵġǸӥĻ˵һжǼٵģֻƣﺴѧҫ
֮ɽһһЦݣԼսڣվһų
ţطǸʵ϶ǸһսʵûУ磬ˡ̻ʵͷϿɽһ̵Ļ
ңһսԻѧҪԲԶǻطսʤʵѧ޶ԣ뾡һа취ȥϵطˣд忡Ҳͬһ㡣
̻ʴˣ֮ǰ˵ֻҪɱߣȻὫǻط缤ǣѧ˸Ӧսô죿
ɽһȷطûһսʵ֮Ҫɱطǿҡ
顣
̻˵Լľһ壬ⷢ˻֮⣬Ӧսֻһֻ֣ʮ֮ڲУ˴սձ̵䣡
ţ
̻ʵĻɽһ̣д忡ǰһ
Ϊİ̻˵ˣ̶ϴ˷ս۵㣬һܼŭѧ磬пûѧٴǰ
ڶʲôд忡ʵ
óҰٴμŭͽѵֲӡ
̻һЦ˸žĹâطǻֲӵĽǻľĽһ£óҰԻط粻ӦսΪɽ裬Ʊػ᳹׼ŭֲӵĳԱ
ţطǸ϶ڰйעһսǼлǻֲǱ߳£޷סˣǻѡǰӭս̻ܽ
١һж̻ʴ˵ĽУսƻ̫ˣ
ɽһΪĶЦѣǸоѾȲطӦսˡ
ͬʱ
¼կǶƵ
սһ绰󣬻ص˱
ΣλʦϻоͬСʱعѧӦսձ̵ɽһ̣
֮յһʱ佫ոյõϢ㱨ͬʱҲڸǡ껵ˡ
¾㱸ֻǷ磬ĵȴɡ
껺ڣڻӦգҲڸ֪ˡ
Ϊ˳Զǣطأ»ѧһαڳϣҲȥط磡




1612 ٴ·
ѧû˸ҽҵսɣδ죬˻֮⣬κξǿ֮µĻӦսֻһֻ֣ܵסʮУ䣡
ڶһ磬ɽһ̱㰴̻ʵİţⷢ
ܿ촫ȫ󶥼ұձý
ձýڹȥս̡ǿƻشߣǻѧһľţ˸Ӧս
Щܿ촫ȫѧ֮˹עڻȻ󲨣
ģǸɽһ̵С̫ˣ
ǻѧǺųһôСӶ򲻹
ӦֱǰټĻģ֮ڣ˸ȥսǸɽһ̣ʵ̫ɱˣ
ǰǸɽһ̵Сӻʤȥ⽫ǻѧĵĳ裡

ɽһ̵ıܿڸýƽ̨飬Ⱥ߼Ϊɽһ̵ĿеŭΪѧųе
ۿԽԽزӦ֪ͨýƽ̨ɾر
Ȼ
زźĺġɽһһձߣ
ǣϰĶԹҲжǶοʷʹ䣬ʼ޷ĳޡ
һ£νӦǵûн̬ѹȥңﵽȫŭĵز
ͨڶˣοߣ
ѧ粻裬ԸǸɽһ̵СһսսҲԹ޻ڣ
꣬ǵĹôСиƴһսǵĹǿˣǷսˣӵǲԸѧҫԸƴ
໪ֲͨͬƽ̨Һֱܶӿ˳¼կ
Ϊˣһʱָʾû֯ڳ¼կկӿڲأϽӦսɽһ̡
ȻҲ֪ǻ֯͸ΪôСԸƴһս
ҲԸƴ
ʱ򣬳¼կկӿΪһЩҪӦս֯Եúܲ
Ұ밲˵䣡
ֳάĻ֯Ա˵Ƚ˵ѹȥ֮󣬲żκͻ֯ҵ飬Ҳҵǲǰװ仰˵Ӧսͽ֮⣬ûκ壡
Ը̨սҲԸ
׿˵սǵ̬ȣһսûУǺεȵı
֯ԱĻ£ֳҳһţܶߵǳ
١
̨ϣϥɽһۣǰһĻЦѡ
̻ʡд忡ձ̵ҲһıóѵЦݡ
ԭҲȫų򰡣
ֻǣƾǵʵҲӦսɽһ̴ˣɽһ̴һָͷܴǰɣ
ûһϣɽһ̴˶ɱ
ͬʱձѧӪﴫһһϷʵ
Сӣ˵ʲô
Ҳݣָүүһս
Щԭͷǳ˿ЩձߵĻһʱըˡ

ʱ˳¼կկӿڣһٴν˵ѹȥҲ˽ĿͶ
λǻִ֯ա˵㡣
һԶųǰǣڲǣԺҲǣ
ڶ֯ţǵɡ
Ŀǰս޻ʱ䡣ȵʮ죬֯ûаӦսĻӦսǾ
Ŀ֮£ջڣᶨ
ѵ֯ᰲӦս
֯Ҫط磬
յĻЩҪӦսĻߣȶһЩҲ侲ͬʱгɻ
Һڴһˡ
ɽһһЦǵ壬ڴط߾Ӧս
ҿȻȥҲŹսڻ֯ʲôӦսǻܣձ߾Ҳ͸©
ɽһ̵Ļ䣬ղЩﷴҲǷʣٴοά
Щ߱һս˭ôһ˵ֽߵĻ˻ȥ
հ˿ͬʱЩǣ鷢չһһսİˣͲǻѧĳˣĵĳ裬Ӱʹ˵ʿ

ʱ֣ĳƫԶĴӣһũҡ
һ׷ԲԵϲһѿ񵶣Ժ￳
ȻѾ٣ӹӲʣصĿûƵģӵɶ硣
ңϸۿԷ֣ϲΪɡĶȥҿûÿһȥľǡñϣȡǶǡô
̫үүˣ
ʱһֻ߽Ժӣ˺
ʲô£
ͣµ΢Цųʵ
бձѧһɽһ̵ߣǻѧ緢սߣ֮˸Ӧս
˵ʶͣһ¡
Ϊ̫үү֪ʱԼǰҽԼֻ˹ȥ
£ۣţյĴ飬һ˪ϸһɿµɱ
ͻı仯еİҲЩĪĿֻš
Сׯ裬̫үүҪһԶţǲҪҳԷһпܻܾá
Ӻ˲ŽֻݸԼͬʱű¸ʴϻָ˴Цݡ
̫үүҪȥ
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иӷߣһѿɱձضŷɥ
졣
λĺˣſ񵶣ٴ·




1613 ߵĿģ
ھ峿ʱɽһͬȥһ̻ʡд忡˳˳¼կկӿڡ
կӿڣΪʮ㡢ʮ㣬Χˮйͨ
Ϊɽһ̵ĹձýĴȾսѧĿǰڹעĽ㣬ͨ¼կĵ·ȫˣֻͨ¼կҪ
Ȼ
ˣԻĸصһǧˡ
ͣȣɽһ³Ȼ̻ʺд忡ͬ£Ⱥصһ̨߽ͨ
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ΪȷֳȶΪִ֯գ쿪ʼԸˡ
ͬʱһ׷ԲԵˣһ鲼·ŷĿ񵶣ͻȻȺ⡣
ȡ
˿һȻǰߣСӣҹȥ
ûӦսȥʲôã
Ťͷһõصˣڶ˷ƢʵΪɽһ̸ղǾĻΪѧ˸Ӧսе
յġ
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ৡ
ͬʱĿ⼸ͬʱɨˡ
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ʱ򣬿ζʲô
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⡭ܲ𾪣
á
ûһ𾪵Ŀ⣬ٴǰߵļ

һ̣ڣǰ˲ԼͬɢΪÿһͨ
ѧ翴ûˣȻпײĵͷӦս
ӣɽһܴɣ
ձҲˣ׷״˸ղŵĻǵлع񣬴Ц
̨ϣɽһ̲δۡ
ΪԴ쿪ʼ̨̫ҪӦսһ˸̨̤벽Ѿϰˡ
ûЩձߵĳЦĬǰȾѪĿ񵶣Ⱥóͨȵ̨
ϡϲ
ܿ죬һĻ֯Աʶס˵ȥ·ͼȥӦս
Ȼ
Ļ£һ𾪵
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ӷ򵱳˵һ仰
仰ûе֯һĳԱһνʱ۾
Ϊ֪һУϳӷ֮ûгƺӷΪʦ
ͬջĵĴͳϰףΨжԹ޴׻ĳӵо޴ɾͣ츣ҺˣܹƵ֡
ӷ֮
û뵽ﻹϵϹͷ
ӷͣ½Ų˵ţͬʱһƽؿա
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ֻһһֻ̤ײĵˡ
ӷɫ˵Сսǻѧ磬ѧ糹ʧ˸ӦսﲻҲ뷢һȣʶһСӵĵж
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һˣһѿ񵶡
ǰǸĺˣձѧձ˳ϣ




1614 Ӧս

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Ƕ֪ΪձѧһĮʾ˵̻ʣΪʲôͻȻ֮䱩ס
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ʱɹ찡һգۣС㶼ˡ
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ҿ˵Сǳλǿѧ˺ͱչڼŸսģ㲻϶㲻Щ嶯ӦսҲڱǣûʲô
ӷҡͷȻˣҲˣϻͲ˵ˡ

ͼ
Ȼ
һΣĻ˵ڣӷҡͷϣСţҹϵ㲻ȥԸ⣬еĵҲԸⰡ

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Ϊ֪ǰλˣЩѪͷ߲ͬ
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ʮǰصظϵɱҵձҲ˵ƵĻǱҸԴһڡ
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ȾѪĿ񵶣һںĹâɽһ̵Դ
ɽһսѧھ졣
쵶ӷ򣬷⵶ʮأ״γ




1615 δϣط
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֮࣬ɽһʶԼˣתΪأͬзһ

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һɽһ޷ЩûðնǾٵᵵ
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촫ӷǷźĿ񵶿ɽһǰѾϣһ𻨡
µķӷɽһ˵ͬʱһ𣬲ԼͬصˣµֱըȳһһĽӡ

һĻЩձ߶ɵˡ
ԭΪɽһ̻ӻ־ܻɱӷ򣬲ҴԲѵؽӷɽһӲƴһ·磬ռϷ硪ɽһ
ǣЩȫ鱨ԱҲɵˡӷʵȫǵ
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ɽһ̣ϹѸߣ˥ϣھѪԶ㣬ֻҪסһ칥ߵʱ򷢶һٽնɱ
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̻˵ӷ塢ھѪɽһ̣һ߾ͻΣգ

ӷɽһ̼ɱͬʱֲļѵӪ
ȫصսԱǣڽ˶ݵϢ֮ٴγѵȥ׼ʼһѵ
١ų㲻ǿڿ˵طǸôôӦսɽһ̴ˣһͷڹһҳ
ܿ죬ԳҰΪ׵ձֲ뻪ֲһձֲӵĳԱһسҶ˵
ձֲӳԱĳҶŭ˫ȭûпڻӦ
һ棬ͨ鱨Ϣ֪ɽһսѧһ£ҳע֪ڴط磬ٳûг֡
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Ұ˵ЦſҶ˵طǸųأٳٲɽһ̾ûлɱϹĻᡪǡطǻĵӢ۰

ձֲӵĳԱԣ׷״Ц
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׻ƵڵأǶɽµľ
ৣ
ط͵˫ۣ߳ľݡ




1616 裡
˵ʱ򣬺տУĵɽ֮ϣӲӵһƬ
ط߳ľݣһ۱㿴׻ƵĶʮͯվԶƽϣڶ
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ৣ
طͬʱԶ²طĿ⣬ʶ̧ͷȻطվľǰɫ˲䣡
δٳ¼կÿܹͨʱ˽ɽһսѧĶ̬֪ѧĿǰĴܲáɽһƾһ֮ڽ衣
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ܹظܵطŭ𣬵̹ȻӭطĿ⣬ʵ˵֮⣬֯ĹΡʦѧĴˡ
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طɫѿҲ֪¿϶ûѣҲã䡢ӥͼҲգǹꡢյ˶Ϊ룬ûٷ𣬶ǳʵսʲô
ձ̵ɽһڶ¼կ̨ʮ֮ڣǾǿµĻ߶䷢սĿǰǵھ졭
²ҵæսط㱨
ͬʱ
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ӷɽһ̵սڼ
̻жϺ͹ꡢǵĵӷͨһ쵶Ȼѹɽһ̣ɽһȫأʼûˡ
ӷ˥Ѫھ׳ʱڣڳԵĿ֮ٶȱһʼѾ˲٣Ҳˡ
Ϲ˰ɣ
ɽһزӷı仯һЦȻֱתΪ˲䶯ùӰ
ৣৣৣৣৣ
ɲǼ䣬̨ϳɽһ̵ӰӣÿһӰӶնһ
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ӷƾսܺ㿪ǰĵһ޷ֻܻӵӲƴ
ﬣ
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֮ǰͬһΣɽһûбõˣֻӻζһ¡
ӷһ𣬷Ŀ񵶲֣ҲҪˡ

ʱ
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ӷΪʱ͹ھתѾܵӰ죬ղɽһӲƴһѪھңѾˡ
Σʱ̣ӷƾǿսܣ˲ھһһھͬʱ塣
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Ȼ޷׶㿪ɽһһţ
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ӷһ𣬶˺ɶڿУһѪ
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һĻղһֱձѧӪ춯صĽЩձǷƵģһ׷׼ش
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ȻǿһսΪֹˣɽһ̿ͬ׼һһնӷͷ­

ͬʱڣлʧ󺰣ֻ౻һֻ߬Уĵ޷
顪
ûлشӷӺݺݵˤ˵ϣ̨ȥ
죬Ҫ̨
̻ʿһĻͫ׶Ȼؿɽһ̡
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ɽһ̳֣ӷһȫһȻ
ϣѪ˵ӷ͵ؽ񵶲˵ϣͬʱץſ񵶵ĵڵϻһĿӡ
ַͨʽֹסΣȻɤҪٴӿѪӲ˻ȥһͦſ񵶣վ
̻ʴˣǶˣϹеǿȻҼɱ
һĻɽһЦȻҾüһЩն֫նͷ­
ɣ
ɫһ䣬Ҳ
ȻҲӷ⡪ҪôɱУҪôս̨
ˣҪսˣ
Ҫɣ
ǰսȥᱻǸСɱģ

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˶ϣӷܹͣ뿴ӷɽһ̻ɱ̨֮ϡ
ȻϹΪΪڣҿԿһ
ЩߵĻɽһͻȻһЦ˵
Сӣ߿ս裬ѧҲ裬ġ裡
ӷûлӦˣǻӵָɽһ̣ſѪ߰ߵ촽˵һһȥǣǣδǣ
£ӷѪ˲ڣ·Ҫȼһ㣬ٴδﵽۡ
һ̣ǸھʮǰɱձضŷɥˣȻƣƾ費־ɱеľĺ̬ȣǿд߶ھٴλָƣ׼ٴһս

ӷĻӷƱ仯ӷǱһսľģڣлߺЩ¼կĴһֻ絶ʹѡ
ϹҽҪ㣬軪ѧ磬軪ģܽ
˵ĺɽһӷ־ǿͬʱЦ쳹ʣֱӽ˺ġѹȥ
ܽ
һ̡
ӷ򿪿ڣһֻͻȻ

ѪǺչ
羫
ؽǧ۹ﳤ
ҷͼǿú
úÿҪǿ

жǿ𣬸ͳڰĳ¼կկӿԵø
ȺУŭжһļԣȻѣһѴӿڴͳֻȻ󿴵ֻĻϵ֡
ط磡


1617 ʹ
ͻֻڳÿһ˸еһĪĳ嶯ֻһһȼգһַ̨ܲɽһ˺飬Ȼȳӷĳ嶯
ৡ
ͬʱʶؽĿͶԴȻһֻǴһҲ·ʱὫֻȥ
ʲô
ԵĹ֣ò֪Щɻ
ءطֵܣ
Ӧ˵һ
Ŀ֮£ԲŽͨ绰ᣬȿڡ
ط磿
Ȼֳ֣˲ȸ˶һ
ΪԴɽһѧ緢ս֮׼ȷ˵Ƿս֮طΪȫѧעĶ󣬼˶ڲ²⣬ط᲻ӦսʲôʱӦս
Ȼ
˵ȰȣȵСĴ硢ʹܣȵӷӦսûеȵط硣
ȫ˶Ϊطˣҳӥ˵һУֻʱѧҫ
񣬾͵ӷ򼴽ܱɱʱ򣬼Խӵطĵ绰
˵𾪿֪
ǻطô
֮࣬Щȫ鱨ԱҲӿֳһĨɡ
ǰô飬ţѧСӷɽһ̵ı䣬ӷɽһ̻ɱ
ԣӷǰСӱ俪ʼʲô绰ͷɽط磬Ȳʵ
ղţѾ¾ɽһսѧ˻㱨ӢӷӦս֮ļ٣һʱ佫绰˼ԡ
ΪıչˣѧѾɽһһٶˣӢӷٳĻ޷ĥź
ءطֵܣӷǰѾǸɽһ̵СӶˣһʼԷѹƣѴܡѪھѲ۷壬ʱ𽥴·磬ղŸˣҡ
ʲô
طȻһֱӴ˼ԵĻ
ӷǰԸս̨ҲԸ̨
̲סĿͶӷĿгž뵣ǣ΢΢Щ
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СŰطܹӭսǻѧһ°Ӧսսڽеҵս߲ͻ
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ǰҳ֮Ѿ֪˹һСǻѧӢۣҲĵӢۣ
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ܶ໪鲻Խش󺰵֮ǰӷΪжˣֱطղǷˡ
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ûлش
һΣӷһ˫ԭɱ˫˲һƬͨ죬
ţţſȾѪ촽ͼ˵ʲô
Ȼ
ӷĻ˵ڣ̨֮ϣɽһһЦУʹڸЦҸǣǶҪͳͳҪ죬նϹ죬նɱطǸ飡
ৣ
£ɽһ̽һΣֱӳӷɱȥ
á
ͬʱӷῪ˵һ֣һֱӳ̨
طѡս

һĻɽһֻסΣɫһƬ࣬ŭϹղŲǿڿ˵߲裬ѧ粻ôô󣬻ǵųѵǻĵֻϽ𣿡
ط磬ҴӦͬʱڴۼ֤㽫Сӻɱѧĵҫϣ
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طǳ˿ȻǽӹĳʹʹУׯ϶ʥػӦӷ󻰷ָɽһ̣ɱ죬СӣѡĹأȥ㣡


1618 ǧʼ
طѧӦսձ̵ɽһ̣
ɽһսѧĵھϣط뼧ԡ˵ͨϢһʱϱ˸ȫ˾޴𶯣
ΪطԴ׶һս֮伣ˣҾ±ٳҲûºܶ˶ΪΪ˻ţֻܼβ͵ͷڹꡣ
˴ɽһսѧ磬صѡڳ¼կҲֹһἰط磬طٳٲٵӷӦս
һУط类ųͷڹıǩ
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ǵģ
طĳֺǿӦսùע˱ǰñȸɽׯǼٲҪߡ
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ǰֱ̫ԤˣԭΪͱȸɽׯǼٲ֮սһͷڹأ
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˾֮̾⣬̳֮лвط֧ߣһʱ䷢ӡ
ڹȥ°ٷ֮ʮϵ˶ΪطӦսǿط֣˶ܶ˳裬ۣ㷢ʵ
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ΪطһսʤҲΪطδؿԻɽһ̡
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д忡ͷͣȻĿͶɽһ̣ɽһ̣Ϊһս̻ʿνǴĻǣǹ̵ձѧձҲ˺ܾãǧУ뾡ʮ뽫ǻطնɱ
д忡ˣطһʼӦսһͻˡѾսĵھ죬ǱͻƵĸʼΪ㡣һ£ɱ
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ӵµĵ绰֪طδ֮󣬵һʱ˻㱨
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š
ꡢǵȾǿ߷׷׵ͷ
ΣλʦСҪ¼կˣ
ʱҲӵԾĵ绰Ȼɿ˵

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һ̡
ѵ˺ܾá
ѧģ˺ܾã




1619 һսӮ
Ƶ¥ʱӷѾڵȺˡ
ϵ鲼·ҽԺĲ˷űѪ߰ߡ
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ֲ꣬ͬҪھƵС
һطϵ¼կĻԸϵկӿڣ֤طɽһһս
ӷվżҽͻʿԾҽԺǰϼָʾӷƵġǹЭĽ
Σͺܴ˵ո廹˿ڻѪҪԴϢͬʱҪҺִҪ
ۿ֣רǰС档
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Ļ˵꣬㿪ˡ
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ΪҪǣոӷֱӴվûһߵ˹ԡ
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󣬲ڵҽʿлعӷһȲضԹ˵
á
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1620 սݣ
ʱϦѿʼ£ȾߵʣͮͮһƬ
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ǵעУһֱɻͬӥʳһ㸩£ٶҪ䡣
ʱźȻ򿪣һӰӻԾ׹档

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1622 
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1624 ͷ仰
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촫ɽһ̵Դݺݵڵϣӷһͷ

һĻӷ֮⣬лߣһֻڵѪҺ˲ֱԶй޷ĳ죡
ӷ˥ϵ壬Ǵһ㣬ܿƵزͬʱۿȣݺᡣ
㱼䣬ԼصձͶһ죡
𡭡
ɽһ̱˼£޼¡

ط磬̫
ͬʱЩձߴлعŭ˻
ط磬ң
κκд忡ŭֹط硣
ң
ѧ磬裡
Ӧǵطᶨ
顪
£Ŀͷٴ
طٴɽһ̵ԴŻѧӪһͷ
ģ裡
һ̡
̻ʡд忡˿ںЩձ߷ŭ飬طɽһ̿˵ͷ
ͷ
ɽһַʽڣٴμ̤ձѧձ
仰
ȫ򷢳ǿٴξ
һߣԶ


1625 ֮ߣΪΪ
Ϧ£ط˵仰ɽһ̿ͷ쳹¼կϿգþòɢ
ϻصطǿƵĻ֮ǰһɽһ̹ڵϿͷǰڵĻߣǳ¼կĴǼԾҽԺҽʿеһ޷ļԺ
ǷݼԺطǵģΰ˵ĹȴǵġĶ˯ʨѣ˶ܸܵǿ
෴Щձߣǹ̵ߣ̻ʺд忡ˣܵǰδе衣
裬طһǰձɱѪɺӣΪأ
ΪǸʱֻаʵط磬ֻǶصİɱ죬ط統ǵ棬ǿƻɽһ̣ɽһ̹ءͷڣ
Ƕˣοɽһ̱ˡ
һ̣ɽһѾֹͣҲн͡
Ϊ֪еͽ͵ģеͽ֮⣬ûκ塣
ߣ裡
ʵдգ
ৣ
˴طղΪлعط͵ؼųձ֮ڽһ鵶ȾѪƣȻڻӳһ
ۡ
һ̵Ѫ
ɽһ̵ԴӷּңȾһƬͨ죬ڵϣ˫۵ɵùԲһĿӣ
ƺֱ޷źͽܣԼطǰͬһսֻȫһ
ɽһͷءЩձߣǼձ̵ߣ̻ʺд忡еһʹ
Ͼɽһձѧһĵһˣձѧδ
ôˣ
οýֺͷ뵽һսڣ
һսձԣֻһô򵥣ǻձѧձٴαڳϣ
һսһشձ˵ϣձ˾޴ĴܸУձ˽Իĵʱ򣬻᲻ܿƵظеͿֻţ
ʹ̻֮࣬ʺд忡ڣձߣһҪֳĳ嶯ҳ嶯ҡ
飬
̻˫ͨضط磬Ｗ֡
Ȼʹͷŭûгʧȥǣ֪ڽձѧ壬ʶط黹
°ܽҹ黹սƷ
طӦ˵ڻģֱձѧ˿ͬңŻ黹
㡭ô
̻ʶʱŭɱŷ·ʱҪ֡
һǰҶɱǱձɱձѧѪɺӣʬɽǶû˵һë죬ڻģɱңô
طӦȻ̻ʣǿƶչֵ쾡¡
طĻ£ꡢǡӷڣлߣͬһʱƱǡ
ķʽӦطĻͬʱҲ̻ձѧӪͻѧ翪սô
˻~
طĻܵӿֳĿϢ̻õֱ¡
ûлӦط磬ǽĿͶд忡
Ϊд忡ǹ̵벽ǿ֮һʵ͵λ֮ϡ
ֹϵձѧ飬д忡оȨ
ҡǡߣ
д忡ҧгݵ˵֣Ȼһ˪תﰣ񳵡
̻ʵʾ˾
Ϊ֪ձѧû뻪ѧȫ濪սʱѧǿձѧ֮ϡ
һһ˫սձѧذɣ
οѧǷа벽ǿǱΧ̻ʸҶֵĻԻɽһһ
ɽһ̵ʬ̧ߣ
д忡Ļ̻ȻҲͬд忡ľ¶ձ̵˵
ǣ̻ʴˣ
һ㱵ӦȻľսߵطǰطһ۵ûУǵͷټɽһ̵ʬ塢ͷ­Ͳ֫ϱۡ
һУѸ뿪Ǹо·¶һӻᱻطһ
һĻЩձһǴ̵ʿһ㣬裬ͷɥ뿪ˡ
طֵܣɵúã
ĿЩձ뿪˷ܵؿںǼģ·һƵġ
طֵܣ˻ѧ֮ңҲձѧجΣ
һĬԵӥҲ̲סˡ
ط磬ҳԺ󣬱˵¼ռ֤ɱСһսķڷϻѧ罾
ҲˣһȱΪѧһԵط֮顣
ֵˣǻѧĽ
طҡҡͷĿͶӷ
֮ߣΪΪ񡣡
ӷͬҡͷڣƽȴġ
֮ߣΪΪ񡪡ǻѧ糤ʢ˥ʼճΪȫѧǿһԭ򣿡
ӷĻЩȫ鱨ԱвԼͬӿֳһɻ
ûд𰸡
Ƕ֪չط֣ٴȫ




1626 ߹
طǿƻɱձ̵ǿɽһ̣ɽһ̹ءͷϴձһڽ
طɽһ̵ı֮Ϣͨ鱨Աȫ𣬲Կµٶɢֱ̳ӱˡ
̶ʱڣ̳쭣
ɽ
ڲݵϣල׻Ƶʮͬʱƽԣʱ̹עŰ̳Ķ򣬵ȴطɽһһսĽ
ʵϣط뿪ɽ֮ƽԲ֡
~
̳ϳս֮³˿޷εļ
ǵġ
طȥ֮ǰط˵˳սҲԽɽһ̴һе
Ϊط粻Űɽһ̣˻ѧϣҴսδǣˣ
ɽһ̣ɽһ¹ͷϴնɽһ̵ͷ­Ѻڽطֱţը
ǰΪͷڹ꣬߱ųʱһս߻ع飬ֱ̫ǿˣ
١ձѧ籾Żչ˵Ļᣬѧ磬Żѧҽ˾죬һֱǴдı磡
ûط˵ձѧ˿ͬʱ򣬲Ź黹ڽ겻ڰҪ˵ձѧ磬ȫѧҳһ𣿡
ȫѧû˸˵Իܻط磬лҲӲ˵ѧֱֲ˹һһھȫǲ𣡡

µ㿪̳ٷӣ֪һսĽ֮ʶؽһԣڸ̾طͻѧǿձѧı硣
¿Щԣϵļ֮ɫŨˣͬʱҲЩ
ΪһеǣǸ׷沢ҵõҵˣ
ͽͬʱַ̳ҳҳһɫض¡
У̳ٷ֮⣬һ
Щ˵ط粻ӦսӦսذܵĹӣүү
ӵ֡
һطļᶨ֧ߣ˵Ƿ˿
طȫ˿ڡ촫˵伣͹ȵʱᶨ֧ط磬Ϊطվһ߹
طһ㣬ױȣһʱ䷢ӣԼŮ˴˯Ūѣһžžžףһԡ
¿ӻһЦȻȥһ£ûʲôݣйߴط֧ߣ
֮⣬Ҳһط֧ߵ
ˣӽ쿪ʼҳϻطţƣֱǴ˵ߣ
Եݣһַʽʾطķڷ
ЩݣϵЦԽԽŨһʢĻϦ£òɷ
ʦڿʲôЦôģ
󣬲˳̳׻Ƶĺǽ䣬˹ʵ
ڿطŵϢܿҪصǼˣ
΢ЦŹƽԣڴ˵
ķȻͬطսһžɻͣôԱҪط
һطɹڻĴˣαװˣ
𣿡
Ү̫ˣ
µĻʮ׻Ƶĺӿĵֱ
Ϊ׻Ƶŵط磬һֱǼصĴڣһֱط棬ԸҪʵˣ

ͬʱ
ɼոӭ峿
˽֣һС¥Ϊ⻪ѧЭ᳤Ĵ޺ѵ֪طʤϢ˵鷿ⲽ
һ棬طкøУرϣطܹƻ˵һ·ɳյȫۣ֮Ǵﵽ˵е񾳣
һ棬ձ̵һȻսѧ磬ĳ˵Ҳսѧ磬Ȼϣطܡ
үүүү˵طӮˣ
󣬾͵޺ص鷿λϵʱβ裬ĴֱŽ鷿˷ܵСһߴߴؽе
Ȼ˵ˡ
޺״Ц˵
ԼλŮط缫ݣճط伣ǷݳҲδ٣ԼıŮʼռţطȫѧһĵһˣ
ôĻ˵طСǰνѧŶ
үүҾ˵ɣҼطСǸֻǿ𣿡
ȻСһһشԱȡ
ǣǣǣطС
޺Цã̲סֳһͷѾͷ֪ط֪θ룿
Ȼиֳͷ޺δߴĻ
Ϊطʵ߻ȫ򣬵Ļܱ¶ڻȫ޴𶯣޷ĺ
үүҸʱ䣬ǻػȥطС磬
ڵ޺ı˫ְ޺Ħַʽֺô޺
á
޺ЦŴӦȴףԼǺ⻪ѧЭĻ᳤طһһ׵顣
Ϊѧѧһսȫַ΢ı仯һɷ籩ѾȻ
ط磬ڷ籩ģ


1627 
طɽһ֮սĽ䶯ȫʱ򣬳¼կӭ˻ƻ裬ϦɽͷԶ֮׶ȴոӭ峿¶˰ϼȾ˶ߵʡ
׶Ӣҹ͢һ䲼õͬͯĹ
ݿŰɫ˯£ڴͷϣƣϳ˷ܵЦݡ
ƣΪһҹû˯
һֱڵطɽһһսĽʼĵ
ǵġ
֪طȻһϡ
Ϊ֪طǴ˳ս޷ӳǿս
˷ܣΪոյ֪˽
Ϊطսʤɱɽһ̣ѧҫٴγΪѧӢ۶
ݼúƣû˯⣬ֻйһսš
һսʼ֮ǰձýɽһսѧսձýȫʧˡ
ýûձý෴ý޼ǹý顣
Ĺ¡
󣬾͵ݿ̵ŵʱ˵ĺ
ɡ
ݿڻһèۿֻ
ܿģŮͽݿķ䣬ݿƤƣ·ȦһĹ£ɫȥܲء
ҵɫܺáݿ΢Цҡҡͷ

ݿĲЦݣݿĻŮüӣȻ뵽ԼеĿģæ˵Ĺ£ȥ͡
õģȥ»㱨Һܿ͹ȥ
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ǵģ£˯š
ݿܸɴسһ㣬Ȼ˲Ķ档
ղţһںΪʲôûңҪţûӰ쵽㲹ɣʵ
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ݿ΢Ц˵Ȼһתֱתطϣ£Ӧ֪ط˰ɣ
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ЦŵͷΪ麰ġ
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ʱĿ壬ìܺĿ׼ɱ
飬Ҳ֪
ս֡ڰᡢ̿˵ֿɱط磬˲峤Ϳ
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Ȼŭ죬طֵܣ˵ĵӣʱҶǡ
طɽһһս״ѹǵͷ
Ϊʲô
ݿ̲סʵҲ˲Ļ
Ϊطɽһ̵ıУһָɽһ̵ƣָ˵ĴҶ쵱Ǽٲһսʱõָһ
˵鼤˼֣Ҳ֪ߣǿ书ѧҪĶҲǸеĸطֵܣһ˴ӵָζʲô
ζ˹ϵͬһ㣬Ҽп˵ĵӡ
ݿգգ۾̲ס룬֪ط֪кθ룿
ݿװĺӣлл㣬ллֹһ޴ΪҲллѡͼȷӢҵİȫ
һϵ˵
ͬݿطһ𣬵ݿʼռ֣ҲϵӢҸط֧
ʱ䲻⡣
ط粻ϵ촫˵ʼݿѡ񣬲ͬط
ӢҶҪطӻˣ
ⲻ뵽˻һϵĻ
ʮӶʮĪ

ٸԡ
ΪʥŮİͬһйطҪܻ֮һʱ䵽Сȥҽ̻˹
ղͬǣСԱǼ䷿ҲûǸ}Ӱˡ
ɪ
͢һģձ˽͢ұɱԱĻ
Ľ̻ʱ¡
Сãһʱ̻˹
ˡ
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鷳ʲôʲôϢ̻˹ص
̻ʱ£˵طձ̵ǿɽһ̵飿һʶʵ
š
̻˹ٴεͷûж԰
ΪʲôȻطһֱûм͢ǽ͢ϵΪʲô˵һõϢأɻ
˵ûһֱǽ͢ϵһֱûз£ͷеϣˡԶܼ͢ˣ͢ĹϵҲᷢı䡣
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ǵģΪ͢˴İʯ
ԣǾý̻˹˵뵽ʲôʶ˵
һ棬̶ܴϾеĻȨ
̻˹Ӹ𸴣»˻ĵ֧֣ұˡƻѧ統ܣǿϷһеѧŭ
һȫһ˭棿
Ĭ
ϣǸĽˣܹһֱ촫˵ֲۣ֮ϣΪԭط͢Ĺϵ񻯣վ͢Ķ棡




1628 ڵȵһ죡
ҹĻֳ¼կʱկľƵƻͨ
˴ǰսĻѧʿһãףطɱɽһ̣ѧҫ
֮⣬г¼կĴҲ뵽˴˴ףС
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Щձߣڱ֮󣬱βͣ뿪˳¼կͬڻ֯ļ뾳
νĵԽߣˤԽҡ
Ǻɽһһսǰ񵽲һۼ֤ɽһ̱طС¹նͷ­Ѻձһ
һУһŽǴ߽˵
죬ձѧսڴˣǹͬٱǻѧӢۡط磡
翪ʼΪѧЭ᳤ʢվžƱط羴ơ

ʢĻ£ȫ˷׷վ
ȵȡ
ʱطҲվֹ˾ƣɫ᳤ҲǻѧӢֻۣһ߸顣˵֮ߣΪΪ񡪡ѧҫÿһλߵκ
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󣬰Ĵӷ
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վˣ񣬻ĸǿˣ
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ӷ˵ʱȫҵֳߣЩ¼կĴֻļԺ׷̲סƣȺܴ󣬺޲ýá
˰ӣǱӷ̧ʾ⣬Žͣ¡
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ӷٴοڣȴ𺳵ĸоҴűʺͷŭϳСսСȷʵǿҲĶ֣ʱطأֹӦսҿҽѧҫνһߡ
󣬴ҶˣطŵһСɱСӣǻѧҫֵҺ˸ˡ
ֵҸ˵ǣ˵ĳͬһ˵ľһʲôľ
ţ˵ǸԴƴ޵еɢĺһѪҲϧԹ޻ڣ
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һǿߡţЩԻĸصߣǳ¼կĴǰط羴ơ
˾֮طҲ֪Լ׺˶٣Աߵľһ׶ߡ
طΪںȾƵĹУھƳƾʶȵʱɱѡ
Ϊ֪ɻھƵ
ΪݱȽУûвμ硣
طꡢǵ˸Ȼɵķ䡣
ûȶɣ
ɸطһƿȪˮ΢Цʵ
ѾƾƳȥˣֲڡطЦ
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лл׳
طһʱʾл
лңⶼԼŬõġҡͷ
һΣطĬ
֪ΪΣһĻͻȻЩۡ
Ϊ֪ǰΪ֮꣬Աϳһ𣬾ѹ·ʱ㱼ŬʵֻΪɱкгһܹػصġ
еᡢѺΣգֻԼס
Ȼȥɡǵһ˺ܾˣڸղţֻҴ绰ˡ뵽ղ磬ٴο˵
š
طͷҲ֪ĸҹϣܹػصǶ¥͵͵Ǳ롣
ҪмҲܻصˣ
ȫֲ飬һصྩȥ׳㱨롣˵
ͬ𣿡
طԺиֳؽӰʶս˫֡




1629 
Ϧ£ƻ轫
һȫսԱϦ£ŶΣֲӵѵȥ
ΪոսһһҹĳǿȵѵЩսԱԸֲӵƾӢ˿һȥƣأÿһ־
ձֲӵĳҰ֮һ
Ϊձ̵˵ȻûɽһǰǿҲӵнڶǿߺ۷ǿ֮ʵ
һһҹķѵ˶ԿѵԺɡ
ĵǣƣӣǸϽػͰɣﲻܴĵط
صֲӵѵ֮󣬳ҰֱӶԻսСӿ˳ģʽ
ʵϣڹȥһֱġ
ҶУҶ뿪ѵӪҲû˿䱾ͼŭӥŮˣȻٴѰҳֵĻᣬӶ軪ֲľ
ԳҰĳ裬ӥŮ˫ȫͻ˶ûпǿѵµƣվŽ̹ٽɢȻϻ鿴طɽһһսĽ
ȫ嶼Уɢ
ѵĽ̹٣ûָ𳯲ҰǵûƵģֱ˽ɢ
һУֻΪҰʵʵ̫ǿˡ
ǷǿǸоڳҰǰԻǵĸоҲǾ氲ѵҰֱڸЦ
ͬҲΪǷǿǶڳҰһٶƺ軪ֲһֻ۱һֻۡ
١żȥѯطǸɽһ̵ı𣿡
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ٴҰŵ裬ӥŮ˶鲻Խս˫ȭ
ΪһΣҰǣһеط磡
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׳˵ˣ㱻ձֲǸҰˣ߹Ƕ˺üҶѵĹͷ֮࣬⣬ҲھˣѪƺءطüͷһࡣ
ҡû£ȻѪʱˣûʲô⡣
ҶѡԼ飬ͬʱҲЩɻ󣬡ˣӣ׳ΪʲôЩ
书˰Ϲ˲ˣֻҪĵúûָûġ˲ɴ⣬ҪҽԺƣһҪҩͬʱҪעڻָ֮𲽼Ӵھתֱȫָ
ط˵ţóһѱõҩƿһŻҩҩȷһŻҩҩȳԺ֮ٷõڶҩ
衭ӡ
Ҷԣ𾪶ж
ΪߵҩǶô󣬼ȫеͷᣬطڸһָ֮ڶš
׳֮ԸƣΪѾػҴȥμֲطٴοڣشҶղŵ⡣
ʲʲô
Ҷٴξˡ
⣬׳ңǸСӻֲѵӪ
ط˵ͣһ£ȻսҶ֣ɱ˸ҶֵܣһⱲͶ̥ˣ
ҶȦһ죬гŸж
Ϊ˲ֵܣ֪طҲϵطͷط顣
Ȼ
Ǹʱ׷浽ڵֵܣ˵һ仰ѾΪ
ڸж֮࣬Ҳӿֳڴڴͬ·һ㣬ֲѵӪ
ţһĻһʮ𺳣




1634 ٴγ
賿ʱྩֵϵĳϡ٣˸٣ֻżҹ˺ɨֵĻˡ
ҹĻ£һ˹˹Ӱʻڽֵϡ
طڸʻλϣѩ㿪ǰ
磬ط͵˿Ҷ֮Сһ¡
ѩھ۲֮ǰ֪ط賿Ҫ˻ǰ¬طȥصûкȾơ
Ϊ˱Լѣһû˯ڼȡ
һУֻΪطһᡣ
ţ¶طһӣԶһҸ
ѹկˣȻȥ֮ú˯һͲҪȥ˾ˡ
˹˹Ӱʻϻ֮طѩ㲵ӣЩ۵˵
š
ѩ˵ͷȻ΢΢һЦ㲻õңûµġǰʱ򣬾ͼݴҹ㡣ҳ˽ļͶʹ˾Ҳ˯οԴӷҵĻҩ֮ǰ̫࣬ҹûµġ
ҽĺÿ춼ҪϰӭŵһĨϼط翪ڶ
˵ѧͼݵ飬Ҳ֪ÿһɹ˱ĬĬŬ
ν̨һӣ̨ʮ깦
ѩȻŽԿ׳ҵų޷ӵе츳ڵĳɹҲ벻һֱֲиŬ
ңǷŬѰй֮޲
ÿ춼ϰء
ѩҸЦţÿϰطڵغ֮ǰԺﶼḡֳطʱΣҲصطصע
ǻһطߵĸо
ʮ֣ѩʻ˹˹ӰT3ʳڣͣ¡
ȥʱ㡣
ط˵ţ⿪ȫǰ˫סѩѩĶͷһ¡
š
ѩӦһȻЦݣעⰲȫҵ
á
طɿѩ㣬Ȼ³ѩӻ֡Ȼתڡ
װģŻ
ѩĿطӰʧȻһ۾
£ۣ³һ뿪
ͬʱطͨ飬Ȼڻֲӵ鱨Ա档
طӳ
鱨Աط磬Щڹϣûдװǵһʱط羴񣬱ʾء
ˡط˸
ְڣࣿҪ˵࣬ǲࡣ
鱨ԱҡҡͷȻһݵط磬طӳйֲϣѵ̹ٵľϢ
õġ
طͷӹϡ
طӳսСӵԱִѵӪֲȥĵľ͹
֮ʣֲӵ鱨Ա̲סٴοڣϳڴ
һΣطû˵ʲôȭֲӵ鱨Աһȭͷ
һУֱӴϣ򰲼ͨʽ̤ǰֲ̡

Сʱ
¬ӭ˻ƻ裬ֲսԱҲѵᡣ
ǽжݵϢȻȥͣͽ֮󣬽ѵ
ӣӳ𣿡
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ӥԴӵ֪طɱɽһ֮󣬱һֱڵط絽Ϣڶûеȵ
ӣҪҪϵһ鱨Ż׳ȷһ£
׳ҷϢˣڽѵ֮ص绰
ӥͨѶһϢ㿪ĵͬʱϢݸ˫ȫŮͻˣڼӵ˻ش
£ֱͣӲͨɵĵ绰
׳Ǹոսѵ
绰ܿͨӥȿڣվñֱ·ɻ㱨
ӥϼоطսСӣҵζӳһְӽ쿪ʼսСӵĸӳȴϼİš
ǣ׳
ӥԱְǵûиеƣǴ˼Ѫһס׳ӳʲôʱ¬
һСʱǰɻǰ¬ܿˡ
ܹزӥļûие⡣
Ϊ֪ط类һ𣬰ӥڣսСֲӶطع飡
ӡӳҪ𣿡
󣬵ӥɵ֮ͨ˫ȫŮͻ˲佫ӥΧס˷ܵʵ
ţ׳˵ܼӳˣ
ӥЦŵͷȻս˫ȭ쳹¥
Դ¬μֲѵ֮һֱ䳰ȷ衣
һУطĵ׸ı䣡
Ҫˣ
ɲǼ䣬ֲսԱӥ
һ̣ձֲӵĳԱ֮⣬սԱһʱ佫Ϣ㱨
ҰڣձֲӵĳԱֻѽ٣ϳž
ҰˣҪˣô죿
֮࣬һձֲӵĳԱЩʵ
쵰ô֪
Ұŭɶ
Դӵ֪طɱɽһ֮һֱڿֻ֮УҲһֱ˼طֲѵӪô졣
޽⡣
ʾ֭ҲûеӦԷ
ˣ
ҰĻشձֲӵĳԱвԼͬӿֳ֣ȫ־ռݡ
Ƿݿ־壬еӱĳ嶯
һУֻΪǵû˵һ仰
ߣƱ㣡




1635 
طҪϢսԱ֮˾޴𶯣ҲñֲĽ̹ľѡ
һ棬ǺսԱһû뵽Ǹͷͷͨ꣬Ȼع鲿ӣֲ
һ棬ա齨ֲĻҪֲԻֲӵĽ齨ڹȥѵ̹ܽ³Ϊ׵Ľ̹ŶӣԴֲֻᣬѹûֻսԱҪԺͺĵλ
ΪҪǣǻĬԳҰΪ׵ձսԱԻֲӵ裬յҶҰˣ˳ֲ
٣˵гرǸҶֵܣҵﲻձֲӵıὫŭ𲨼ǡ
ѵӪָӲһ̹ڵ֪طҪϢ֮һֻ벻
ǵģҲΪǵ鷳ǱҪ취һ㡣ڶ̹üͷ͡
ô⣿̹ʵ
Ŀǰƣ뿪ûбİ취̹˵ԼĿ
˻֮󣬷׷׽ĿͶ³ȴ³ľϡ
뿪ǲܵ飬ȻǵȷӦ취顣
³ͬüͷûİ취ǳеΣǰĹ취
ǣ٣
̹ԣæеĲδȥ
Ϊʵ޷³ʲô취Ǳⱻŭ𲨼
³ǶԻصס˼Ӧ֮ߡ
ȱϯϵѵڶҲûгѵϣӵʱ򣬶Գֱǰ
鱨Ϣط罫ִ¬
Ϊ˴ֲѵ̹ܽٵȥط磬Ǳطӣʵ뵱ȡ»СС»ޡ

¬ﵱʱ㣬ط˵Ļĺպ׼ʱؽ¬
طվȡ±Ȼڿս΢ЦгŻȥ
ڵǻ֮ǰصػ·˿̴žɫĶԲʿ㣬һ˫սѥһ鼡ԣ³УɢյϢ
ط⸱ǶԻſڵĿսƵģڿսͱطʱϵЦݲ˼֣ϻż糺졣
ط粢δһ㣬߳գĿϰԵɨܣһ۱㽫ܵս۵ףĿһϡ
˴žװµľʾǴУվһճǰֱһ˸ǹ
Ǳˣصǰӻ³
ط罫Ŀ³ʱ³Ҳط磬ϳط硣
ͫ˲ŴæſͻĻ
ط״һͷȻջĿ⣬ĬŻ¡
ãطУ³
ط»ݵʱ³ǡǰͣ½Ųк
ã³У
طޱػӦἰ³ľΣӵ³͸©һϢ˽㣬Ҳ֪ڹȥһУ
ৣ
Ȼ³ɫ΢΢һ䣬ӿ϶ط߲ƣ˶طУصǰģϳİɣ
á
طͷͬ⣬δΪԷ̬ȹɫȻڵͬޡ
طı֣³ϰ£һʱȻЩ˷磬Ψط粻ԸԭΪ׵Ľ̹ŶӹȥһС
طУҽ˽֮⣬ҲרǸġ
ΪĵĿֻţ³ϳ֮ûֱѡطǸ
Ǹ
ط紧װͿ³УǱֲѵ̹ܽ٣һոձսԱΪʲôҪҵǸ
طУΪ̹ŶڹȥһʱʧְͻֲǸ⣡
³̬ȳϿң׽Ϊ̹ܽٵϺ϶⣬ط˸߰ͷ­
ûаջҪ񣬱ʾԻֲӵغӣҵֵܺҵĲһһ裬ҵֵܱˡΪһ򵥵ĵǸͿԽ𣿡
ط³ľ⣬Ҳܸܵ³ϣֱӴ򿪴˵
ǸطУǵʧְȷʵҲѴ
³ٴǸȻ߿֪ģձ˼ΪǿսԱǵʵԶԶǽ̹֮ϣҲս֮ϡ
ԣǷǵҹ͵ǣĬҵֵܣطϡ
ǣطУ˵ΪһУӹȥЩֻѵǽ̹ŶûἰֲӵĺԺҪԡ
³Ǳһ䣬Ȼ󻰷һתȻڣˣձֲҲãֲҲãеսԱĴ澴η£ǿѵбֳͻֲӵĺĵλȨǽ̹Ŷƶѵ޸ĺ͵
һ仰˵֮³۰Ͱ͵ؿط硣
ǰ˵ô࣬ʵΪһ仰̵棺ҿΪֵܱ𣬽ѵձֲֲӵսԱֲӵĺĵλȨ
³̹٣ܹǵѴҲսԱʵ˵ӦûֲӵսԱ֡
ٴ³Ļطı˶³ĳƺȻ³һ̨£˵ʾҵִѵߵңսԱҪҹѵҽ飬ѵĳɸѵ
á
³һ㣬һʱӦг˿
طԭ£ͬʱҲޱȼһ㣺ԳҰΪ׵ձֲˣ



1636 ٣ķ
ߵӵʱ¬컹ûкڣϦ䣬Ը£ǿбߵʡ
ֲѵӪսԱѵϣվһӡ
̹վڶǰûϵѵݣڵȴʲôһ̹ٸǿʱ䡣
ѵڵȻ
̹ǵ쳣ڳսԱһԼµʲô
·Ϊӡ֤ǵĲ²ƵģܿһֱӥһԶ
ৡ
ͻսԱԼͬؽĿͶǼֱ
Ϧ£ǵͱͬ
УֲӵĳԱѣձֲӵĳԱǿֻŲѣֲӵĳԱɫأսԱڴ
ڴ˵еĻҲڴʲô
˵עУֱ١ͷ߶ȣС
ֱطںλϣͨؿѵϵһС
طУΪ˻ӭĵý̹ӳѵʱ䣬Ϊٰһ򵥵Ļӭʽ
³ǰţŤͷط˵֮гʾõĸо
лл
ط֪³ַʽȡԼԭ£ͬʱҲΪ˸ԼĹϵԱδһʱѵ˳С
طУֲָӹ٣Ӧģÿ³̬ڵúֵܵͣúǫѷ
һΣطû˵ʲô
һԵļʻԱһã
¬ﲿӵģʱֲѵӪ͹ֲȥһʱ﷢һҲţеèһ֪
һ£Ϊ̹ܽٵ³սԱֱӵ߸Բӵ֪
Ϊļܶôľ٣һѵӪٷ֮ٷӽ̹ٵеľѵӪͳͳڣ
οطֻһУ
ɻ󣬼ʻԱֱѵϿգȻн䡣

ʱطͻȻ򿪻ţȻԾ¡

ͻһĻüʻԱɵˣҲ³Щ㵣˲ط壬ԼʻԱùɡ
ǣ٣
ʻԱξѣֱ䡣
ͬʱѵϣǽ̹ٻսԱطֱԾ£Ǿõɴ۾Ǹо·ʣʲô
飡
ꡪ
Ӧǵ죬ͬʱ
طȵѵϣ˫ͬһ㶤ڵϣ˿ɻӦѣͬ֩һ㡣
ǿ
ͻ˷׷׻ع񣬾󲿷˲ӿֳ֡
ӥŮ˫ȫͻ˼ûǶûгֻǼؿǰǸ꣬еİ
ԳҰΪ׵ձֲӳԱһ˵һɫѿ˼£еĿ־ֱ
֪طҪѾһ׼ط罵ѵ֮󣬲ŷǰǸǺεȵη壡
Ƿݿ־壬ǻӲԭأһҶ
طûԳҰΪ׵ձֲӳԱûпһۣĿδӥɨͣŮϡ
Ϧۣһ̣طؿŮ˫۷죬ˮ
ط״ջĿ⣬ŮѸ³һ
̹٣ֲطǰ
ط粻ֱ䣬һӵ֮ǰ̹پ񣬴㱨
Ϊ³ط³Ϊ׵Ľ̹Ŷӱǰӣչ涨Ҫġ
ţ
طĻطĿв޵⣬Ҳûɱ⣬ǰ˿
Ȼǲ֪³ʲôףõıطŭ𲨼ˡ
һеͬʱ˼ͬʱطؾһĿİ˽̹ٸ΢ЦػӦطУӭѾܾˣ⣬ȲҪУ³̹֮ΪٰһݵĻӭʽ
á
طֱۣûоܾ̹Ŷӵĺ⣬ͬʱҲ֪Ϊֲϴˢĵһ
ৡ
Ȼ˽̹ٵĻ֮󣬾󲿷սԱɫٴһ䣡
ΪطܵĴ붼ûģ
ңֲӵĳԱִ̹ŶҲֻǲԴսԱѣԶԶ̸Ͽ̸ء
Ǵδ˵顪ѵ̹ٶսԱٰ컶ӭʽģ
ͬʱӥŮ˫ȫͻˣеļ˲仯ΪԺ
ǵãһǰʱ̹ǵǴӣ
ҲǵãڹȥʱձսԱ軪ֲʱ̹һֻ۱һֻۣǴӣ
طĵ̹ǵ̬ȷ˷츲صı仯
ݱ仯Ž̹ǶطأҲŽ̹ǶԻֲӺͻľأ
һУܲǸеԺ
͵ӥŮ˼ԺսԱ̹ŶӶط̬ȶе𾪵ͬʱֱƽأ³ֱ£첽˹
ৣ
һ̡
˵ע£ھط׵ʱͣ½Ųط羴񣬽̹ŶӶطͻֲӵطŴ˼£
ʿǣţǶطУİ
³û˵𾪣ǵطĿɨˣ˵ȫѧĹھȥ컪սСӣȫֱĹھ
չ齨ֲĻҪ񣬻ֲӽĺģطУ֧ӵָӹ٣
ѵڼ䣬ԴǾѵǽ̹Ŷ޸ѵ֮еսָӡʿǣ𣿡
ǣ̹٣
ձսԱ֮⣬սԱǴӦӥ˵ΪϳŽԺ
طУʲôҪ˵𣿡³ｫĿͶط硣
սԱһȺ塣սԱ˻ϸִϼ֮⣬ҲһԣʵΪ
֮ǰ˵˶Իֲӵ֧ӵĺĲ⣡
˿ڳԣһ˿ԴֲУ
طĿɨȫսԱڣͬ쳹ѵϿա
ڣΪҲ䵱֧ӵָӹ٣ֲӲ䵱֧ӵĺģʱҺͻֲӷս
ֻҪսսʤҺҵսѣһȥָӹٵְ񣬻ֲҲֱ˳ֲѵӪ
ˣҪս𣿡
ûлش
ȫһƬš
ֲӳԱһ
ԳҰΪ׵ձֲӳԱһֻš
ӥŮ˫ͨ졣
طΪǺͻֲһʧȥϣ



1637 
һʱ䣬ѵѻȸû˿ڻӦط硣
׼ȷ˵û˸սطͻֲӡ
ĬУսԱԼͬؽĿͶձֲӣսԱϿ˲Ҳ˱
ţ
ط磬ձսԱʵдգ
ΪǶ֪ǰǸǺεȵĿֲԷһָͷס
̹٣ҵĻˡ
ۿ˿ڣطûȥձսԱһۣǶ³Ϊ׵Ľ̹ŶӾ
ȻڹȥһʱΪΪûвָԤֲֹӱ飬ǽΪҲˣط㵽Ϊֹûѿ
õģطУУ
طľٶ³һϲæ˵һĿ֡
طԣٷϻֱߵֲڵλãվӥǰӥŮǷ׷׳һ
Ϧ£ǵ޹ȥһʱıͷŭȡ֮ǽԺ
ǵĶӳˡ
Ǽţط罵ѵһ̿ʼûٸǺͻֲӣ
ʿǣѵĿͽָ񶷣
طվ³ջĿ⣬ָģ˵
ţ
³ĻսԱɫһ䣬ձսԱʶΣͫȻ
ʿǣȻսԱҪսΪͽָǷǳҪһ㣬Ƕ
³û˵ı仯˵ˣ濪ʼѵĿȫ嶼УɢΣԲΣճ񶷳ء

սԱǶ³ͻȻͽָѵеЩ뷨ǶսľӢӦһ³Ļ£̰³˵ɢȦһԲεĳء
ʿǣҸղ˵طУһȫѧĹھĸ񶷴ʦ˵ѧʦΪ׼ȷһЩԣطУѵĿָͽָ񶷵Ҫ졢顣
սԱվ֮³̹ߵм䣬һ˵Ȼ󲻵˻ػٴνĿͶط磬طУУ
ǣ
طȻܲм䣬³̹ǺʶȤ˵һԣ̨ط硣
ৡ
һĻ󲿷սԱٴνĿͶԳҰΪ׵ձսԱ
˵һʼ³˵Ҫͽָѵʱֻǻɽ̹Ϊֺط磬صظطṩһѵձսԱĻᣬô˿̣ǼԿ϶һ㣡
ǶˣοҰձսԱ
һ̣ǵɫüΪѿпֻŵ˼£ڳϣһձսԱӶܿƵض
սͨͽָ񶷵һǵԵǶԶ࣬ǵԶࡣ棬Ƿֱѵ
м䣬ط绺ˣٴνĿۼϣȽеԵͽָѵ˭Ըϳҽʾ
Ĭ
ͬط֮ǰ˵˭ҪսһձսԱڣеսԱнͣҿ
ʲôЦ񶷣

ڳЩսԱ˭֪طĿ뺷ս
ձ̵ǿ˱طˣط񶷣ݺʲô
ৣ
ȫĬͬʱطڵһνĿͶ˳Ұ
⣡
طĿ⣬Ұֻñһ㣬ͷһǱʩ˶ƵģӲһҲҶ
ˣ
طľٶһȫ϶֮ǰĲ²⡣
ҰУʾձ̵ͨѧ񶷣ʾɡ
·Ϊӡ֤˵Ĳ²Ƶģطһοˣƽͨ롣
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طĻ볯ҰУȴͬУ
ৣ
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ΪսԱһطҪͽָѵ֣ΪҶͻֲӱ
طһУȺϹ棬ֲͱˣֶβ֪ȳҰ˶ٸΡ
ҰУ
ۿҰ޶ԣطٴοڣ

ٴطĻҰӾлعһЩŭضط磬㡭ǹģңҾܾҪ󣡡
Ŷˣҵֵܣ˵һ˿Դǻֲȫ
طƽӥ֮⣬³̹ٺսԱһľĸоȻôôţΪʲôڲϳˣ
ৣ
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һĻ³Ϊ׵Ľ̹ŶӣЩձֲûʲôϵսԱû˿ͬ飬ֻóҰܡ
ӥŮˣս˫ȭŭĿųҰǸо·˵㲻ǺܿҶӳǰһԿ
ô
ҡ
治ҡ
ȻҰ޲óȥط˺Ƭ¸ʮӣҲϳûǸʵ
³³̹٣ǿǴطΪҪϸϲӡ
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͵˵Ŀ۽ڳҰʱҰĿطŲת³
޳ܣ
ۣ
𳯲ҰĻ³Ϊ׵̹еӿֳĴǺʳҰһ䣺㲻һ軪ֲӵʱôûϸϲӣ
ҰϸϲӣҸʱ䣬ϳҽиʾ
³̹ٿڣط俪ڣ˳ҰĻ
㡭
ҰŭĿط硣
һ
ط³һ֡
ط硭

㡭Ҫʲô
ৣ
ӦҰһƿ
Ŀ֮£طһͬһ磬˲˵˳Ұǰ




1638 ر
죡
һ̣ط罫ٶȷӵ£ڳûһܹĶֻܿƾճ˳Ұǰ
ৣ
طһ٣˳һӣָצ״ץ򳯲ҰĲӡ
ҰȻʶطҪ֣һ׼طٶȳƾսֿ
ǵġ
Ϊ˫ʵ̫ˣ
Ұֻǽڶǿߺ۷ǿ֮ʵط翰ƾǿ֮޵У˲ɱ۷ǿߣ
ɲǼ䣬طͬ̽ȡһ㣬һץס˳ҰĲӣȻһᣬӥСһֱӽҰൽ˿С
ֱʱ򣬳ҰʶҪͷֻͼһֵطԴָ㽩˿Уȫնȥ
ǵġ
ҡ
Ϊýֺͷ뵽һֵܿط磬طֻҪ΢΢Ĳӣһʬ壡
ط絥ųҰҰ֣һҲҶ
·һ̶
һĻУ˶סˡ
ѵǻʵô
һ̣³Ϊ׵Ľ̹ŶӣǰڵսԱĿɿڴؿųеһĻˣ
ձսԱǱһ߽˱һ㣬ͷһ󷢺ĤݵĳҰطͬСļһǶطԣʲô
ӥŮ˫ȫͳˣǼס˺
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Щŭ𣬱ѹţͬһŵĻɽ
˿̣طΪ·еġɽеŭͱ緢йȥ
ط磬ʲô
𺳵ͬʱҰֵغͬʱַ£Ǹо·طҪ֡
ִΪְֲָӹ٣ղϳҽͽָʾǵûеһʱִǴʴʡΥսϣҿԱ㣡ط˵

طŭ⣬Ұ죬˵ʲôȴһҲû˵ڡ
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طٴοڣͳӹɡ
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ҰҶطȴٴ֣һƳ򳯲Ұ
ž
ž
ž

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֣֡
طӽѵһ㣬˳Ұʮӣ
ৣ
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Ϧ£Ұ׵øͷһѣѪ߰ߣݱ˺üţǽһҡ
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һĻձսԱŵͷֱӸǴһ㣬ܿƵض¡
ȻǶóҰֻƤˣѹأֹرᣬұòҳһֱ֣ȸһҪܡ
οֻǸʼ֪طʲô
ǣֲӵĳԱЩɫء
ڹȥʱȻû뻪ֲӷͻҲû䳰ȷ
طȻóҰձֲӿпҲǳ֡
˻~
ͬʱҵսԱ³Ϊ׵Ľ̹Ŷӣ̲סֻطֱͬ˵еһǿƵһͿ
֮⣬³ҲޱԼ֮ǰһСΪط紴ѵձֲӵĻᣬӶȡطԭ£
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һ̣ȳҰӷµ״̬лعطһοˡ
Ұ
طӸµؿųҰһ

һΣҰѧˣһʱµȾѪݣһȻվ
Ȼ֪ͷҪϸط磬뿪ֲ˿̶ҪܿطķâطڹΧ֮ڼˡ
ڣǽͽָʾȳ֡
طıָƽ·֮ǰʲôûȴһӹɣĸо

Ұ˲Բ۾ϳŷŭͱͬʱſͣȴû˵һ֡
׼ȷ˵֪λӦ
֣ȴĽǱ硣
Υȴǵڶٱᡣ
Ȼ㲻ȳ֣ȳ֣׼
ۿҰûһ֣طٴοڡ
ৣ
䣬Ӱ֡
طٴͬسɴ磬ֱƾճ˳Ұǰҽ˳̧һ̿Ŷ
飡
ꡪ
ţͶϹͬʱ
Ұطһؿڣ߹˲ѣͬһʻײƵģɶѪ磬ʹ˼صˡ
ã
һĻӥŮ˼˫ȭգֻޱȵĽ
˶סˡ
һ̣ѪɵĳҰԺвɸֳ˳Ұһ߷ҶΣͬʱҲ뵽˳Ұһź˵Ļ
ӦңѵӪѾһʬˡ
⣬ǲ˵طǸųҪб£ﰡ

죬طˡ
֮֮һ߷ɳҰ
Ѻ͵ʧ



1639 ѩܻܿٵԶȱϯ
ͨ
˵ע£Ұصˤ˵ϣֱӽҵѿɽ
ۡ
Ұ֮ٴһѪͬһһϢĶȮһ𣬲ܿƵزؿݣ̵Ѫϵӿ
طһţ߹ѣ౻ˡѪѣ쳣أܹţպһ书Ҳȫˡ
㡭㡭ۡ
ҰܹԼǶôأһʹԹ޵ضط磬˵ʲôδ˵꣬Ϊŭǣƣٴ³һѪ
ҰУԭΪɽһһձ̵ĴˣʵӦ࣬ûпҸ߹ʵˡط״ޱ˵
ۡ
طĻҰٴ³һѪȻ͵ػ˹ȥ
ط确˿ΡĻˣ
˻~
һĻӥŮ֮⣬˾̲סһ
ط粻˳ҰоݣóҰ޻˵
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³̹٣ҰУƿЩأþҽһưɡ
طûĿеľŤͷ³˵
áá
³ʶصͷǸоΪ̫˵Щ
£³ߵ´ѵӪľҽ̸Ϲ
ȻֲӶսҽϲӻǸѵӪ˾ҽԱڴսԱѵгֵ
ǵġ
ѵӪ֮⣬пܻҲӵָꡣ
ÿһ֧μӲμֲսӶڵִﱨʱǩѵЭ飬ֵĽ
һ£طղͽָѵһҰҰҲڰ
ط֮ûӰ죬ΪгҰóҰֱɷˣԶɱ˳ҰóҰʹ࣬ҲӵĽ
нͽָѵڶԶѵ
ۿ³֪ͨ˾ҽط粻ȾҽǰջĿ⣬ѵ
⣡
طĻʣձսԱͷһгŲ
Ϊǵģطϳѵʾǵӡ
ձֲԱϳжԶͽѵʾ
νʲôʲôʣձսԱ򰲷ֵͬʱطٴοڣĿͶǡ
ৡ
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Ϧ£ǵɫ԰ֽеĿ־Ѿﵽ˼£˱ıԵ
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⣬뻪ֲսԱϳ䵱ձսԱѵ֡طٴοˣƽ
ǣ
ӥŮ˫ȫͻ˵һʱӦ쳹ѵϿգ˷ܡ
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һΣձսԱԼͬؿ
Ȼ֪ӥˣǿܱΥáҰǰ֮
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ǵıʹ־壬ضѹҪͽָѵ̳
ʮӣǲߵѵм䣬˷ɢֱӥԶվס
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ط״ֱͣѵʼ

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һ˻î˾ٶȿ硣
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ӥһƽԼǰձսԱ鷭ڵأֱӱãһء
ձսԱǹȥ˳Ұ֮⣬Ϊġ
飡
Ůͬط֮ǰһһָ֣첲ֵֻꡱһ첲ӦϣĲȣԵڵϡ
꣡꣡꣡
ţϹձֲӵĳԱ׷ױ˫ȫͻ߶СȹǣӦء
һ棬ձսԱȫ˵أȫһ
ңǿȥޱȣϳž֣
Ƿݾ֣ǿʹҳͬʱҲ
ΪǶһĻȴǵĽǻֲӳԱĵڶֳ֣ǻǵƸأǵɥ
Ϊ˲ٱֱڵϣȫΪձսԱĽȥι
Ⱥث֣Ҳ˵ʦų˵ǻľų򣿡
һĻŮ
ûлش
ձֲӵĳԱڵװǰЩӵſγ˽Ȼķ



1640 µս
͵ԳҰΪ׵ձֲӵĳԱȫ̱ڵϵʱҽٵʻѵҽͻʿ³һ۱㿴ѵеΡ

֣üҽͻʿͳͳסˡ
ΪҲû뵽ȻôԱ
ҲǵһѵӪ
սԱѵӪָûѵгǼ亱ġ
ϾÿһλսԱؽģһ˻ʧǾ޴ġ
ʲô
ΪʲôôԱ
һʱ䣬ҽͻʿгɻ
̽Ա߾Σ
شǵ³
³֪ҽͻʿɻڡ
ĴӾжûм
֮ǰѾѡ񡪡طϴʾã֪طǲĴڣʼûֹطһУҴ˿Ҳûиҽͻʿʲô
ǣ³У
³ͷľҽһʱȻָŽҰձսԱ̧ҽ
ҽѸ뿪ѵѵٶȻָ˰
³̹١طУԶͽָѵѽָʾ
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ӥĻ㱨ʾ³ʶȤûпڣطѵ
ΪǸطȻѵݣǴʲô
У
ȻطɫƽָʾȻѵм䡣
һĻֲԱɫüѿ
ڹȥһʱȻûжԻֲƺͶ֣û䳰ȷ衣
ңһʼƺ͸ǳֲ齨ֻǲʧȥȨ֪ط类ֲӿ̬֮ȷһٰʮȴת䣬ؿʼƽ
ң˴ֲӵĶӳϷѵصĲӥŮҶ˺սԱ棬ȷرʾֲҪֲָȨ
һ£طѵԳҰΪ׵ձֲӵĳԱ֮ԵϷΪ׵ֲӳԱʶطܻǿ
ǣҡսԱҲʶһ㣬ԼͬؽĿͶǡ
ǽеԶͽָѵ
طû˵ķӦԶͽָ񶷣ս棬ҺֲӵԱеԶͽָѵ
ৡ
ԵϷΪ׵ֲӳԱʶطܻǿطĻǵɫͳͳһ䡣
طУҴֲӾܾҪ󣡡
ݵľֲ֮ӵĶӳϷһָ侲ڿھܾط磬һᵽҪ󣬶֡
Υ
ط΢΢۾ʵ
ط磬Ȼա齨ֲĻҪɻֲӶӳֲָӹ٣ĿǰûҲ˵㻹ֲָӹ٣Ȩʲô
֮ǰҰͬϷڴ˴ֲ齨ĸչָƣ˿طʣһ䣬ȻĿͶ³⣬³̹٣ֲָӹδ´֮ǰԽѵȨط磬Ǽ䲻׵ģ˵Υ涨ģһʵϱϲӣϲ飡
ϷУطУȻû´Ҫдúǲܸĵģ벿ӵѵܺȻϲӻ㱨ߡ
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Ϸһ䣬Ȼ󲻵³ػĿٴλصطϣû֮ǰľ֣һЦ
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ţ
ٴϷĻ³Ϊ׵Ľ̹ŶӣҡսԱһΪϷл
ϷУҼǵ˵˵ֲҪֲָȨֲҪԻֲӷսˣط΢΢۾
û˵仰Ĳ²ǶԵģֲӵȷҪֲָȨ
Ϸηضط磬ٶȿڣܿ죬ֲӵ¶ӳҪˣʱ㷢սȻܣȡΪ֧ӵָӹ٣

˵Ϸ֮ǰطֻ˾ȵĻôϷ仰ǳ˳ط֮ˣ
Ϊû뵽ֲӾȻҪָȨһҪط緢ս
֮࣬˲ԼͬؽĿͶط硣
УӥŮ֮⣬˵ĿⶼЩ졪ط罵ѵ֮ǿԣǵû嵽ֲӣΪֲָȨṩ˻ᣬڰʯͷԼĽţ
ʯͷԼĽţ
սǿˣˣٽеԶͽָѵ
ʱط翪ˣıƽ·һҲ⣬ƽ˵һС£ȴͷ𶯣
طҪսǿΪ׵ֲӣ




1641 սʿ
ŦԼݽСһ׷ȺũһɽǰȻߵɽǰ
ɽһʯʯʮֹ⻬ǱΪĥ
Ρ֤ͨӭʦ
׷վھʯǰ֮󣬾ʯϳһĻͶӰӰͶӰϣϵͳм⡢֤󴫳˵
ǡ
ţĻͶӰʧ⻬ľʯһΪһʯţ򿪡
ͬʱʮʯЩⶼǽϵġ
ЩƵӵģףǻʦӵҲҪޡ
ֻսܲһС֡
ΪصĻսܲɽɽ汻Ϳգ˶ӹ̣ú䣬޷ըɽ
İ׷߽ʯţʯ˲رա
Ϊսİ벽ǿ֮һȥİ˹ⲿ񣬲սֱİȫݵλԺա
սܲΪϤϽ֮󣬺ܿһƵĵǰ
ܹΪ㣬㣬㡣
ҪսһԱͿԱסĵطӵĿѧҡ
սסĳλ벽ǿߡʮǿߺѾ޴Ĵˡ
ȻŰ˹ҶɱսĿǰֻʣ벽ǿˡ
ܿ죬˵㡣
ľոߴʮףһȥһƬԭʼɭ֣лвݣСϪֻܿСڿߴߴط衣
սͨѧɭ֣ʵɭûκ
ʮľɭֵĸ䣬ʽ죬ŷʽʽ̩ʽʽ
һУֻΪսǿȫء
߳ݣɭֵʯС·ֱɭһľݡ
Ƕľݵսƶߡ
ˡ
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ţ
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Ϊ֪𵴿ˡ
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ʦ
߽ľݣľмϥһ
˲Ǳˣսƶߡ
Ĳһŷߴֻͣвһװ˵ߣһͷīɫѪʢɢǿϢ
ǵʮͣʵѾһꡪͨҩﲻϼǱصѪطߺһʼմʢ״̬ﵽ˷ϻͯЧ
Ҳ޷ģս벽ǿ߶޷ġ
ңΪ淢飿ʾ£Ȼ󿪿ʵ
ǵģʦ
˶̽ձ̵ǿɽһ̱طɱԼطֲձսԱֲӵ飬ȫ˻㱨
Ļ㱨üͷ΢΢һǿ߲ǸСһôôðһط磿
ʦ֪Ǹ֮ǰطһֱǻѧһĴӦ֪鲢ģʶ֪ط磬ûἰطȫѧھ顣
ΪǸھвֵһᡪҪ˵ս̵ǿһûɴ˲μӡ
ֲսȷ֧ӵȨ̶ܴϻպǳսȨǳսȨδĻȨȨʧ
Ƭ̣Żڵɣ滻ˣֲӣֲ

ȻĻһʦǶǸطɵĶ֡һȥܽ
˶ȥȻǽǸСһô򵥡
о˸ͼֲָȨΪ̫͢ɳʵ𣿺οڻָȨֲ֮𹥻ʱĴ˿϶ԸĴˣ˶ȥĿģ
ԭǵܵ
ȻԵ̾
ˣ֪ͨ˹һ˰ɡ
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õģʦ
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ޱˣǰڲʲôȺսʱȫɻɱĴˡ⣬ǵװȵս֮ٷǡ
ǣʦ
ٴǶ֪еװսѧƳģпɱǿߵĵսҲпԵֵڵھ
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ʦǸطļһȫֱֲѵУڳֲӣܵҰ֮⣬˹ʦҲǱѧǿ߸ɱġ
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ǸоȥɱˣȥɱһֻСӡ
ǣʦһ˺ģȻкĻᣬҲ˺黪ֲӵ
ɴӦǲһ̬Ƿоֱط缸̣


1642 ̥
ﵺϽ2.57ƽǧף߳1484ǧףǵкĵ죬˿Լ500
Ϸġ顱֮һȻƺе漣Ƭأɽ꣬Ҫǵкŵɫʣˮ峺ĺˮĺ
Ȼ
ֵԴأʣﵺԭ
ȻͨеﵺԣﵺҪһŽá
ŽλﵺһɽϣʮƾɣѱãѾ޷
ʷߣͼɽȥ̽ϵĽãʧܸա
ΪﵺΨһĽأҲΪĽ֮һ
ǽ͢ʥء
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ǵġ
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׼ȷ˵˽̻˹֮⣬Ž͢ǿԱȫʥɽ֮ϣϽ̻ʡڽ̲̺͹Ž͢Ĵˡ
͵սɳ˲μֲͬʱ̻˹ȻϢﵺʥɽ֮ϣڹϵĽ֮мϽ̻Īͽ͢ڽ̲ͼ
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ǵģʦ̻ѧѧ緢սȫ֮ڵַһЩ仯
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˹ͷڵ֪طɽһ֮
ûʲôϧġΪ̣ΪӣȻΪãǾԼˡ
Ͻ̻ĪȴһҿĽǶҲͬǽ͢ԣǸط˵ΣؼҪõֲָȨ֧ʱ˵ĵһ֣ԸĵһǹҪ
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˹ͷ֮ǰͽ޷طʵǰҪϽ̻ĪֲȨ
ÿ׵ȥɣ϶ܹǸط磬ҲԻսĴˣ
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ǿԵȵʱ̣ǿ˷ֳʤֻ֮ǿ߾Ϳˡ
һ⣬Ĵ໥ģǵİո󡣡˹ǰһ̲ס޵
̫ӡŷʵޣδػᣬձ̵ǿ˲ȻǷġĿǰռֻԻͣһֱȨ
һ׵Ķʵֻлط硢սɺͶɳʵİɳġĪµļƻʵʩԲ⣡ͼ˵
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Ͻ̻Ī˹ΪȻصͷ

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Ƕĵطʷϳֹʮȵļȫʺ棬޷˵ӰӣҰ޶ѿ
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͵̻˹ϹŽ͢ʥɽͬһ졣
ɳʵƶ򣬽ԼıŵӣҲɳʵǿˡɳĽеԼķ䡣
ʦ
ɳĽ뷿֮󣬵һʱʺãء
Ϊ򲻵ʦǿˣҲȫǿ֮һ
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˳Ŀ⿴ȥԿɳӵиߴǿ׳壬ûݣ͵ؿȥٲȻһͷܡ
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˴˵еˣ
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ڹȥʮУսעĸҩﲻʮ֣Ļ˾޴ı仯
жѧͨעҩʵεĽ
ڵʵȾǿˣʱˡңȫǰ˱仯սҲ졣ɫ
ʦҸôɳʵ
Ͷ뿪Ȼȡֲӵһˣǰ޲μֲǣƴȫֲָȨȻָ֧ǿ˽һս
˵˼֣ⳡս˺սǰ࣬ǳҪ
ʦģ֤񣡡
ɳĳ³š
ɳģҵĺӣ֪ԼʵžԵģΣǿ˶Բȥ˾ȫУҪȱϻĵǿˣԿŷ޵ǿˣûĴȥĶָ֣Ȩ
ٴοѵ⽫ạ̊́ۡһѵĿ顣ΪעܡҰ޵Ļս׿񱩡
ʦһᾡŬȥԼϸִļƻȷ񣡡
ɳԣһȻѸٴӦףҪĵǿ˵ùߣ˵ڻҸ׼ȷЩ
Ķֻһսǿˡɣ
Ҳɳʵǿһֱǵһ㡣
ѧǿ󣬻Թȫһ漴ơƼı磬ͬҲıѧ
ĿŰɳ뿪һЦӿƼıѧһ̿ʼӹĻľͽԶʧȥĻȨ



1643 ͬѡ
ɽǷߵɽСݼ֮ƣѧҳΪ֮
ɽԵͻɽƽԭбƽԭĸ߶Լ900ףɽѩǳء
Ϊһ㣬ʱ򣬵صǳɽ̫סڻ
ĳλ޵ǿߣԼסᵽɽ̫Ծӣʱ򴴽̫
̫֮Ϊ˷һֱǵ֮һ
ҹĻ֮λɽĹԼԿ⣬Ǳڹ¯Ļ⡣
һ̫ͷһǶǰ벽ǿߡ
սһͨ˵ֻ̫һ벽ǿ߳أ񣬳ش飬Żͬʱء
䣬սɳʵձ̵ӡŷڡŷ޹Ž͢ͳͳҪ齨ֲΪһᴫ˵ս
ⳡսսǰ࣬ҲǸսָȨĳԡ
ĴһɳƵһĿݵߡڡ
̫ƶߡ
ǵʵ͸սС޷սָȨֱߣһķֵ߿ˡ
Ȼ޷ָȨǱսȫ»ֵʱûлȨǺΣյ顣һĸߴ߿ˡ
ǵģ޷ָȨμⳡսͬʷϼαսһҲҽǳصԭ򡣡
ڵͷͣȻǱƶһķ
ķǽעѺпָܻȨһ˵Լļ⡣
˭пָܻȨһأߴʵ
ĿǰһֲָܹȨпܻܺսָȨ
ҡͷȻһĿǰռǸطڻɱձ̵ǿ֮󣬴˷ޣûΪֲˡ
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ֵĻԻͣҲλչսָȨ
Ž͢ͶһһֱŷްԳƣһֱս
Ҳ˵Ҫķѡ
һ˵һλȻû󣬼ѧޱȣÿʱڵǿ˶ܹھȫ򣬵һΣѧǿˡˡɳǸط˲μֲ
ǰϢǶҾͲٶ˵ˡҪ˵ǣ֮ǰѧɱձ̵ǿˣսӽǿߡ
˵ٴͣһ£ŷ޹Ž͢ǿ˵ʵӦǸط
սͶɳʵ
Դϸս֮ҿʼԽѧѧôȥˣǻóɹˡ
¹˹ƵĻҩԼߵǱҵоɹֻǿǻͨоɹǰδеĳսʿʵΣĿǰԵ֪
ǸѡЩɻ
ԭǶԣһѡ񣬲ǸطʢųһˣֻҪܹͿȡΪֲĸˣһֲӻ˶˳˵µõϢ
һĻսɳʵĺŷ޹Ž͢ǿ˱ȻǸط緢սߴǰһ
ǵġԣҽ飬ǵǿ˵ִ֮󱣳ȳ˽֮ʤһʾãõĺϵ꣬Ϊͬˡ
˵ԼĽ飬ǸսȨսпԽΣսͣս֮Եõĺô
⣡
ٴڵĻߺ͸ߴ߲Լͬؿڣӵͬ˼ڵ顣
ǰ̬Ը䵱Ҷȴ󻯡

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һ棬ӡŷ֪սһֱܵоѧѧ򣬲ȡ˾޴ĳɹӡṩҽѧؼһ˻
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ɲһ䷿ӡŷڵķдɫǿεĦڭսĴ֮ǰǸط緢ս
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޷ֻҪ̬ȣս²ͬĦڭսҲǵĺ⣬ֻǻʧȥϴˢѡ
дһҡҡͷֻҪսԻսָȨδȫֵĻ֣ǽõӦеĺôڿѧѧӦáʱĦڭͨЩôɿʵȫʵ󳹵ѹѧ磡
е
ղɵʥɮȻ
һʥɮûпڣĬˡ
Ӻ
ӡŷڵǿĦڭ˷䣬Ҵде֪һС
λʥɮģлǻطһսؽɱûлᣬǵһ˵ս֮һЧձ̵ɽһ̣ǰģѹѧһţ
Ħڭĵر̬ЦµǸʱ򣬻ѧһ˸ӦսˣͬǸһһ׷ڴһսûУ
š
дλʥɮ׷׵ͷͬĦڭļƻ
Ƕ֪ӡ׷ǿǿ˷սһ¡ܾӦսΪڵ۵㣬ҲΪӡΨһ顣
ҲţֻҪĦڭսƵĸҩսɨڵĻѧһڻ£
ط硭
УѾһˡ




1644 ⻼
·˹ĳɽһǳΨľݣľһռаôĻ԰
ɫʻĵʢţ̰ԡֻڻ裬һŮӵԡ
Ůӵģϥڵϣ˫޳
һ˿嶯Ļ档
ৣ
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ͻ۷ǿˡ
ŮĮϺ¶һĨЦݣϢվ߳˻԰
Ǳˣǽ֯Сȣ
ڹȥʱһֱڻ԰бչɹͻơء
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ϲ³أ
һӭϣףء
ллš
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ȻˣʼնûнԴǵԼһ㡣
ˣţȥʱзʲôҪ𣿡ֿʵ
Уǹڻطġ
Цŵͷ֪ȿеҪָطйص顣
Ŷ
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ǸȷĴ𸴣ȻŽطڵΪ渵һЩϸϸڡ
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үү˵طĲμֲˣսɳʵӡŷڡŷ޹Ž̫͢ĴҲͳͳȥˣȥͻطֲָȨİɣ
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ֻҪĴ˲֣ûпܡ˵
ΪϯǾ䡰طʱǡԤԣԼһһμ֤طĴ˵ϯߵĻŲɡ
طԽһΣɨһеˣطСˡ
ȣˡ
ϯ̲ס̾һ䣬ȻٴοڣһΣĿǡ෴Ϊ⽫ǻطһΣѣĿԲСͦȥҲޱȼѡ
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һһԼүүط䡣
⻼
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ΪƶߵɣٴؼҴԺ鷿ؽ
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׳㱨ֲĹĿǰشʣΪбҪ֯㱨˵ԼĿġ
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Ҵӻ֪֯ȫɳǿǰֲѵأͼսط磬ȻֲָȨ
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ңеЩνǿôָȨѵǿϲٴٿ飬·µĻҪô
׳֪ģֲӺӲֲͬӣָӹٳҪӵĹָս֮⣬ҪӵǿĵսܷڡοֲȫսԱɵĲӡɽ͵
֮ǰΪ˽⣬Ѿطع鲿ӣô飿ѵңط粻ܽǸ⣿ǴǸʲôɶϷ𣿡ؽȵ
ǡ
æҡͷ۵սҼطһǣط˵˲ͻֲӣԶͻֲӽսһͻֲܵĻȥֲָӹٵְ񣬻ֲҲ˳ֲӡ
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ٴɵĻؽֱһϣֱӽ칫ĵѿͫ׶ȻŴ
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׳Ҫ
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У
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⣬ֲΪΪʧȥֲӵָȨҪôսϣҪôȴĽǾ·ͥƲã
㣬ɣ͵İӳԱҲܲ
ǣ׳
ɴаĻȴ̲סԼѵ׳ôϣС


1645 ĳӣ
طԳҰձսԱĵڶ磬ֲӵĵϷӳֱǰ¬׶һ»أȻ˳ǰ¬׶ʻ
ҪΪ׵սĴ˽нӡ֮У˵Ϸ֮⣬˳˻
ϷսԱֱִ»صʱ򣬳˸þ»صһ֮⣬һ˾١壬Ҳڽӻ
ϲӵһǽϲŵִ¬ģеĻ¡ǽȡ³Ϊ׵Ľ̹Ŷӣֲѵ
³ȼ̹١
ڵ֪սɳʵŷ޹Žáӡŷںͷ̫Ҫǿ˲μֲ֮󣬱һʱ˴ְ
ΪǵĻΪطʾõΪ⵽սĴ˱
ãϷУ
Ϊֲӽ̹ܽٺϲӵĽڵϷսԱֱʱһʱӭȥڣ˿ûаڼӣǽ̬ŵúܵ͡
彫
Ϸ뿪ֲѵӪ֮ǰѾ֪˸̹Ŷӵ飬֪µ̹ܽǿ壬˿ϣ˿֪ʡ
ǵģϷУ
ͷΪ³Ｘ˵޴ΪϲȡǵֲʸҺҵȡ֮
١Ǹ³Ĺ֣ȫ˹涨΢ȥֺûطǸ쵰ӦñϾ·ͥ
Ϸܻȥ³֮ǰΪڻ
ǵģϷУ³ܻ쵰Ҳ޴
ܹظܵ³ŭ⣬ǿڸһ䣬Ȼ˵ұ֤ٷˣ⣬ҽһͬȥӭɴʦˣ
彫һˡ
ĻܵǷ𾴣Ϸŭɢһ룬΢Цŵͷ

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֮ǰ֪Ϊ˻ֲָȨɳֲĳսʿҼѹ׵ƣ
ϢĵһӦطͻֲˡֲӲѵطΪ׵ĻֲӣָȨ
Ȼ³Ȼ෴ľȫֲֺӡ
һСʱ󣬿͵ϷսԱڻȵɵս˵Ŀͻ
һרֻ˿͡
ৡ
֮߳ǿ壬ǵϷսԱɫһ䣡
Ƕ֪սĴˣѧѧĳսʿҲڴˡ
˿̣ؿԶѰ˴׳֫ǿսúϽ֫
һУ߸ǵ֪ҲǸܵױȵ𺳣
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ϷսԱӭȥǽͽĤһ㣬϶˾񣺡ɴʦλʦã
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Ŀ絶һɨ壬ǿƣÿԼǱһͷʷǰ޶һ㣬ͷһ󷢺̱ڵء
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ΪܲŵĴ˵սѧѧϴĳսʿʵֲһԺɨȫκĴˣ
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Ѿ˵طµĺݻ˿ٴδӵϷϵɱ˲Ũ˼֣ûб̬ǿʵ
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һΣڻشǿ壬Ѿִѵأʱѵصһж̬
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ǶԣطֻֿĳӣҪ˵ɴˣ֮κһ˳֣
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һ£ȻҪȵǿ˸ϵ֮Ǹĳӣ

ɲǼ䣬ϷͿӿֳ֡
彫ΪǰһסȻȸĴ˵ִ֮󣬵һʱһ㱨
ٴνĿͶ˿壬ȫõ˻㱨֡
õģɴʦ
Դûκβͳ裬ǵһʱӦ
Ϊ֮Ӽᶨ֮ǰжϡطͻֲˣ



1646 ĥǹ۷ս
ҹĻ٣һ޴ƺʣڵס¹⡢ǹ⣬һƬڣХ·ʱһ꽵١
ΪӵԵʣΪµ̹ܽٿ֪ҪָȨĴսսԱֹͣѵ
ϰ˵ӵʱΪ̫ǿ˵ڶֲѵӪ
ڶĵõ˿ԽӴ
彫˵սѾôûпǣУطôҲѵӪ
ڶѵӪ֮޷Ӧطɵ˵ϢԵʮɻ
ڶʦսɴʦ˻ûѵӪʱס¬׶һׯ԰ڻط磬뿪ѵӪڸѵʵ
ս˵֮ٳ֣ȻﵽĿġ
Ϊ̫ǿˣڶӵпֲֵ֮⣬Դϲ
һʱӿĻشȡõϢƶϣɻüͷطȥѵʲô˼ѵͨʱչصķʽʵҲ̫˰ɣ
ǸڶʦڻطѵĿģҲ̫ҡͷû¶ۡ
֪ˡ
ڶԣٷϻһֱӵѵһ䣬ֱϥ
ܹΪ̫ǿˣǿѧ츳֮⣬ֶ̿кܴϵ
ৣ
һСʱ֮ڶ͵˫ۡ
ΪӦһǿϢѵӪ
ͨϢӦжϳ˵ʵ֮ϣ
ܿ죬һѵϡ
ӵпĺһͷɫĳ˫ͬʯһϴһɫףһѱһӡ
Ž͢ǿ˿׵٣
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ĦڭǱʾ˸лȻ˵ط뿪ѵӪȥѵˣԸӣ

ԣ˺Ȥ飬̲סЦȻߣȥѵӪֻӣ

ֲѵӪԶһɽϣطϥ񣬲ھžضķʽţָԼơ
Ӧսɽһ֮ǰƻָ˰˳ɣѵӪ֮ǰƻָ˾ųϣûȫָ
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1647 սֱ
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طۣϸظӦԼı仯
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ھǿ֮ºж֣ǿߣ޷ƥУ޷ܾǿȫһ
ͬʱҲ֪Уļȱһɣͨ˵ѵġ
ҲǺܶƿ޷ͻ֮ѡ쳾ԭġ
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ڸղţϷ򻹲һӥŮս͹֮ѡһת֮䣬㱻طһͷҹ˰ӥŮڵսԱǰ

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Ϊ죬ҪǿƵ̬׽Ƶ˴


1649 һй
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ͬʱطѪͬһտĿˮ˲ڣھӿȣƶȻ·ֹһ㣡
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1650 һ
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ңҪɱӺ׵١ɳĺڶ
ɵսˡ
ȻҪططȻҲ

ĦڭԣڱͺȻͬʱһֿĿ⿴ط硣
طһлܣҲţطƾһ֮ɵսĴˣ
Ͼ֮⣬˶սƼѧϵĳսʿʵɲ⡣
οĦڭƾһˣɻط磡
ΪõϢսϸͳȫǿ֮⣬ȡÿһǿߵѪҺҩ
ЩǿߵУǿѧ츳ߣ˾ǿ󡭡
ΪսǿˣעǿѪҺĻҩÿһλǿߵ򣬶Ҳע˺ڰεĻҩǱӵеĻ
֮⣬ҲѧУں˸ѧ֮
塣
Ħڭڵ֪֮󣬶ۣͬʱΪкɨȫһľʵ
ӡŷѡ׷սΪս֮õô֮⣬ս֮ǰõһҩĦڭϡ

ͬʱŽ͢׵١̫ڶͶɳʵİɳģ𾪵ؿط磬ֻô˿ǿƶطˣǷ

Ӧǵһȡ
ȳӰ
ɳŭһֱӽѵطɱ
һ
طһ˲߶غٶ
Ҫ۷սɨΪ׵սˣ



1651 սɣ
ৣ
طϢ仯Ħڭɫٴһ䣬ɴ۾һؿط磬Ǹо·ʣղŲûжǿʵ
ǵġ
һ̣ӿֳ˿϶Ĵ𰸡
Ϣǲƭ˵ġ
ط˿̴߶غ֮ϢñȸղŸǿˡ
Ȼʵ
ͬʱ׵١ڶͰɳҲһ𾪣طʵֶΣҲطʵʵ֮ǿ
˵طղڶĦڭʱչֵʵÿ׵ٺͰɳһսĵĻôʱ˿̣ܵطǿµϢǼûκĻطˡ
ţ
ǣսѧѧĳսʿҲһ
ͬΪսĴˣ֪ɵʵжôֲɽ֡
ΪˣҪ֮ǾһϷʵĿ⿴ط磬ϳЦΪطᱻɴһ
˿̣ϵЦ˲̣۾Ҳǵɵϴ
ΪϢطϢȫɡ˵Ϣ޽ӽھǿߣ
١ԭһ棬ôôԭʵ
ʱҲֹסΣȻĿ絶һ㶢ط磬üĿ֮ͬҲӿֳһĨȣɳ޵еΪʸһսô
ò˵Ը˼£Ҳ˼¡ط¶ʵϢ֮û˵սʤ֮Ļ˵һսʸ
ಣ
һ̣ط翪ڣĦڭһ֮䣬ӵѵԵδط˵ۿս
һҩȻվȫط֮ǰѡ
ȻɵĻĦڭᶨģΪط粻ɵĶ֣
ĦڭˣοսĴˣ
ƹ£ǵָֻϷʵЦݡ
ǿطϢɵϢ޼ҲɵĶ֡
ϾɿĻ壬Ǹġսȭںȫѧľ裬ֲ
طûĦڭľٶͬʱҲһĻ֪Ħڭ뷨û˵ʲôĿɣսǿ͵Ļҵȷûʸһս
١սĳӣԭڹһóɱ㣬֮ǰս飬ڸһ
Цţ³ɭɱ⣬ɱȫط֣죬ҪֻĳҲҪΪĻ
кܶ˸˵ƵĻǶˡ
طޱػӦƽˮ˶ܸܵǿš޵У

ٴطǿƵĻɫһһȡ
ȳ˵Ƴ״ﵽۣͬһ𱻼ŭħһգ֮طǰٶȿÿ¡

ٶȲ˳һȭھžӿұۣȭͷ
˻~
ڴ˹Уɵұ۶ȻһЩ·첲֮ϵѪܺ𣬷·ʱᱬѡ
սȭ
طĻ̼ɣٶȴط磬ԴﵽĿģһֱսءǿľѧ
䡪
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ǿ
׻˵һֱ֪ûС
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ɿֲһȭطû˿η壬Ҳ˷
ž
ط߶غѪط尼͹Ķһ˫أŤ磬ұȭգӭźХһȭ
һ̣طΪԱΪǹͬսϵʿȫ̳һǹ
ǹһʽ
̣
̳޵У
طԼдѧǹӲɸġսȭͬâ
ɲǼ䣬ЩطĻطȭ˷ĩҳ
䡪
һ̡
طɵȭͷݺݵײһͬѾײһ죬µھͬʱŷŶԷ
˵ȭͷ˲䱻һľ磬ȫ֡
ģطֲܿķӼͬʱܿƵسȥ
žžžžž
طһ岽µͳͳѣӱɨ˷þϽЩսԱ׷ܡ
һߣʮֱ˳ѵԵʱ򣬲סΡ
ʱˣ
ǵġ
һ̣ЩսԱԿΪ׵Ľ̹٣ڶĦڭɳĺսĴˣؿųڣӿֳһŵͷѵطʵ֮ϣ
ʤ
ӦǵӥŮ˫ȫͻ˼Ĵ

ӥŮ˵Ĵ𣬸ڷѪɻԭأɴ۾ŵؿֻ岽ط磡
ǵģ
ţҲ޷Լڶ˸սȭ֮󣬻ᱻطһȭˡ
෴Լһȭ޷ط򱬣Ҳɽطˣ
ţ
޷ܣ
ಣ
Ӧɵһƿ
ƹ£ط磬һͷαɱ
ӲӲط



1652 ֱѹ
ʵϣطҲЩ⡣
׼ȷ˵ɵʵЩԤϡ
غѪط͡ǹһʽֻ̣ɣδκ˺
˵ǿ֮ǿĶ֣ҲһǿĶˡ
طԣֻһ֮䡣
ǿƺɱططȻҲԴС
ӵзḻɱսİͬ޷ģ𾪺Ѫȵ˲䣬תɱ
ž
ɲǼ䣬ط˵ǰһŶڵϣըĽ
ͬʱط絯ض˫ſͬչᣬһɽȻѹ¡
׻ȭ
̩ɽѹ
һطֻġ׻ȭԼĸ̩ȭʽںһ𣬳ϥײ֮⣬˫ֿԷ

ط񱩵һξѣһӦ٣һܿطķâ
ط縩£ƻɣʵǻµĲӰ
ž
ꡪ
ط˫أٴըҵֱӳɼĽӡ

ʱܿطâɣȻطһȭطĺġ
ò˵ΪսǿˣɵɱҲܷḻ
Щ飬ͨսǿɱ۵ġ
ܵ˲䣬ͷطһе©ã͵չ

Ȼ
ɵȭطĺģһȶȻ
ط˵һͬʱͬƵһתұ˳𣬷־һȭͬսɱͽͻȻ̳һǹ
ǹڶʽ

ɵı͵ϮطǡôضˡһС
ͻĺͬը죬־ᶨǿ󣬸Ӱ죬ȭ˿
䡪
һ죬طɵȭͷٴײһƱ֮ǰΪƴͬڵըײĿըΪգµľͬһϯˡ
˵ھͼƶԷھµֱ˵ȭͷ𿪣Ȼȫ
꣡
طµĵٴѿ˫żû档
žžž
ɵٴαˣͬһ㣬һƬͨ죬΢΢ѿѪɽ
ڶӲˣˡ
ȻƲԶսӰ죬ȴ֤һ㣺ʵط磡
һĻٴڳˣҲɾ޴Ĵ
û
Ǵ
Ϊսǿˣɱע˶ֻҩĻ壬˵ʵεļƻں˸ѧ֮ĸսȭ
һеһУԼʵžԵģΪԺɨȫһǿ֮Ķ֣
еĳӣֻУ
⡭ܴ
ǷݴǵһǶϣһŶؿϣѹΪսǿ˵Ľϣ
ǷݴҲŭ񣬺޲̽طһ⣡
Ȼ
ʱطٴ˵ɵǰ
ৣ
ΪӲƴ·ԵʣΪڵѪЩȣһΣûӲƴóķӦͿµսܣѸܡ
һֱƵȻ޴棬뱻صľ档
ৡ
ƿ
ЩսԱԿΪ׵Ľ̹УѵϳһӰЩӰռݸһʵ
һֱֳֻ֪طˣΪкܶˡ
ڿ׵١ڶɳĺսУطè׽һ㣬׷Ҹϣ㹥Ҷ㡣
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طĹͬ籩һ㣬ѹɴĻᣬνǿƵ˼£
ɵУ
һĻ֮󣬿׵١ڶͰɳľãûƺɱﵵĻֻʱ⡣
֮⣬طչֳĿֲսҲǸеľսȫǿսʤģ޷ֵ
һУڶޱ̫Ĵ;׵ٺͰɳļͬʱֲָȨͷǲ
ͷͬʱǵҲؿսĴϣް֮ǰϷʣȡ֮ء
طչֳĿʵ𾪣ȫط׷ʹľ棬ǵıء
Ȼ
ˣǶûгֵ˼
ΪûпڣΪǶ֪Ȼܲûˣһɱûá
飡
Ȼһ촫
طʮйھתͷӦٶȶܵһ˿Ӱ죬ֻܼ˫۵סطһǱȡ
̷ȡ
һط綯˻ѧ֪ȹ
Ȼ̷书һ㣬طغļӳ֮£ҲСӣֱ۾ʹ飬ھ㱻ƣٴαˡ
ĳӣ𣿡
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һΣɲطʤ׷ͻȻһȡ
ȳڵѪ·ȼ˵Ϣÿ¶Σգʼ͡ƤѪڽĳ䡣
һ̡
ŭɱֱӶɱﵡ֮


1653 һָ
ţ
ɵϢ仯ط֪ɿ϶ĳڶʱսͬ߻ҩһ
ûмڳֻ֣ۿš
ʶһսҲǶԼʵžԵţ
ط磬׵١ɳġڶĦڭҲֱضţʶɱﵡ
طжϵһɵȷ߶ȼѪ
սȫѪط߶ʱ伤ѪӶ߱ս
ѹ֮ͬ
ͨѹٶȶȻļ
ͨȼѪսѪھͬʱҲߵľء
µĽǣڶáȼѪ֮󣬲üΪпܵ޷ܣ
Ϊһ㣬ȾѪսͬʱҲһŽ֮ǵ֮ʣ򲻽ʹá
ɶԣӳֵڣһֱ·磬˵ȫطѹֻʱ⡣
ܣζ
һ£òýɵȼѪƴһս
һʱ䣬ɵѪŨˣ˷·Ҫȼһ㣬ͨ죬Ѫȥ
һ̣ɵϢľǿһˣֲ
ৣ
ɹӣǿֲϢ׵١ڶɳɫһ䡣
˵ղطչֳʵûл˵ĵĻô˿̣Ǿȫɲһϡ
طܵסɵɱô
ΪɵϢ仯ɫͬʱʶؽĿͶط磬̲סаԼ
һ̡
ؿط֮ͬǰһһƽƺһҲɵı仯
֮⣬ҲܹĦڭսĴˣٴλָϷʵЦݡ
ɶȼѪǲٵɵİΣΪһսѾˡط
ĳӣܹƵҶҲ԰ˣ
·Ϊӡ֤սĴ˵жƵģɵƴﵽ˾ۣһͺȣ羪ףըʡ
ಣ
䣬Ӱ
ɽһֱط磬ٶȱ֮ǰ˽ɣû²Ӱ
ÿ죡
ٴγ֣ÿ׵١ڶɳ𶯣ҲĦڭսĴϵϷЦݸŨˡ
һ֮䣬ɱ˵طǰѪ·ȼգһƬͨ죬ӿھӿұۣȭ

һȣٴξȭط磬ȭͷ֮ɼѪɫ沼ӿھ֮׷ը
ս񱬡
һȭڶսȼѪͬʱֱӶáսȭɱУǸ棡
ƴһҲǿһĿֻһǿƺɱط磬ϣ
ˢ
˿񱩵һط粻˷ٴѸָۣ̽ʳֱָͬһХȭͷ
ָ
ɵǿһطûжҲûд߶ڲĻҩսֻǶ˴ʦҶڵľ
Ҷ˵ָ˴ڸģһżϵָδڻѧŹʣֲףΪϵ·Ҳһָ
طָ֮Ҳһ𾪣侫̶ȺԶԼġǹɱȡ
գǼٲո벽ûõҶ죬ƾغʹָƽư벽ǿ߰˹ɱս񱬣ս˹ɱ
գֵΣ
飡
ײ𣬴ѵİ
طʳָ׼ȷޱȵػɵȭͷµھָӿһھ֮޼᲻ݡ
ꡪ
һϹɵȭ֮ϳһѪĿֹӦ飬ķѣѪɡ
ͬʱһɿµֱ۴ɵȫһֱӵɶ
һָȭɣ
ɶսȾѪʹɱСս񱬡֮طֻһָС˵У

һĻ׵١ڶɳ˶סˡ
ǵɴ۾ؿȾѪɵɣһţ
ղţܹظܵɸղһȭĿ£ûκܹһȭ
ǵġ
Ϊɳʵǿ˵İɳģԼ㶯á񻯡Ҳᱻһȭ򱬣
ط磬ֻһָͷɿֲһȭ
⡭ǵ𺳿֪
⡭ôܣ
ͬʱսе𺳱׵١ڶͰɳˣֱй֮޲
ΪҲϰȼѪ֪Ŀ£һ߶ڶʱҵսս񱬵Ļͬ޵УԿ羳ս
ǰĽ˽ġĽȻ෴⼸ǲԼ۾
Ƿ𾪣ϵϷЦ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ضȾѪɵɣͬľһ
ô
ۡ
ӦǵѪ
ɻȾѪڿеɵͬʱſһѪ
طһָȭͷˡ
Ȼ
ȴûϵƣһؿط磬طȾѪʳָ
Ȼڳغ˵˹Ҷһָܣطղһֱָӵ߸ѧ֪Щ
ϣô˿ֲ书



1654 һ
ѵٴһƬš
ȾѪɣ˫һƬɺ죬Ŀضط磬ϳž
һߣطȻµѿɺѪʳָ䣬Ŀġ
ɵѪ
ƹ£ıͬһڿݾƽˮǸо·һ΢С£ֵü
棬ֽȻķЩͨսԱԿΪ׵Ľ̹Ǿ޴𺳣
ΪʵС޷˫ֵḶ́ͨ˿̵ΣжϳⳡֵĽطʤ
ԿΪĽ̹𾪵ͬʱҲûڲѡ
Ϊ֪ɳսĴˣΪطΪ׵ĻֲӲУᱻɵֲӵָȨʶһʼѡվǱߣֺɵˣĬ˵Ϸѵӥ˶֣
ɵܣǲ֪ԼǶô֪ʱľǶôĴ
ǶԣֲӵԭӳϷӡŷڵĦڭ궼ûˣ
ǰڱطһͷ֮󣬹ڵأ̱ڵװڴɽط򱬣Ϊ
ߣطҪɽ֣ӳѵɳģûаط˵ȥ޿ֵվڳս
һ£ⳡɱɱ֮кùӳ
ס
ͬʱξѣأҲطٴγ֣
Ϊ˿̵һֻ֣ˣǿתھҲ޷ӳӦеʵطԣͬһֻСУֿɱ
ಣಣಣಣ
ɵսĴҲ׷׾ѣѸɣֹطɼ֡
ط翴һĻҲԤϵһĻδֻ֣վԭأƽ·һҲ֡
ৣ
˵עУһսĹͷ󺺣ӵصλãϽֱۣһѽסɣֹǱˤڵϡ
սĴҲһ뵲ǰһŭضط硣
һαҪȵڣ
ط״ڣȴ쳹ȫ
̫ǿˣ
ٴطĻЩͨսԱԿΪ׵Ľ̹ǣǿ׵١ڶɳĺĦڭ󶥼ǿˣоðһ仰
˵һʼط˵仰ΪطƣΪԼƵĻ
ôʱ˿̣ȫţطѹ޾嵥Ϊ׵սǿˣ
˻~
սĴˣǾǱط統ڴһǴ⣬ŭֱ
иŭ£ûпڻӦǵһʱͳһҩ¡
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ʱӥϬĬĬӵط
ʱʤ
ʵжҪطһս
֪սĴʵܴҲû˿ηɡ
ΪκһսѣκһֵܶΣաֲҪԸطһˣǾģ
ȥһ˾С
طӥ˵⣬ǵһʱת뿪
ӳһս
ӥ˲Լͬؿڣᶨ
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طûǿ뿪ǵһЦ
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طĻطŵЦݣӥһһۡ
ȥɣüһʵ
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һΣӥֱӴȻ˵طѵԵ
ܹܵطţطĻطͨսĴ˼ʵԿ϶ǣһط緢ʣΣյĻǻһʱ֣

ͬʱ׵١ڶɳĺĦڭĴˣٴξԭء
ΪطӥȥΪطղŵǾ仰ʵ
ǶóطӵпԵɵս˵ʵ仰ǾȲѣ
޷ط絽Ҫźǿ󵽺̶ֳȣſ赭дáʵĸʼս
Ƕ׿ɲ̸սʤսеκһλһ׵飡
һ塭
붼룡
ѵϡ
սĴˣطǿƶŵĻеķŭͱֱ
Ƿݱŭǻſµɱ⣬һ˫ȭϽƷﬡ
Ȼ
û֣ǿɣ֪ɷҩΣҲڵ´
ط磬̫ˣղųûɱңĸδĶ֣ڣΪĿʹۡ
ʱͨ߻սҩסƣĿ絶һɨط磬гԹɱ⡣
Ȼ
ɽĻ˵ڣ㱻طϡ
ɱ׼
ط˵ţϾ洫ȭףȻˡ
Ҫһ壬Ϊ׵սͳͳ򱬣



1655 ݿΧɱ
ž
ž
ž

һΣطûмڳ֣ˣŲ˿ĹѵǸо·ǧڳ棬硣
һϣ
һָʾ
Ȼֱطһָ飬ˣҩ֮ʱƣԷӰ˾ųɵս
˿̣߶ȼѪ֮ЧڣսʵȲ߶ȼѪ۷սǿ
һ£ſսĴˣһط򱬣
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սĴ˵һʱ
һ棬սǿˣһжָӡ
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֮ǰ˵طɱĻսĴҲѶԸط硣
ಣಣಣಣ
£սĴͬʱˣֻһӷסصԿµٶط硣
ȻǵٶȱɶҪѷɫһЩ
ˣǵԡӦٶȡսܡɱѧսȵȶҪɣһûеơ
ǵ֫Ͻģ̣ܹסӵҿ͸ھͽֲɱ
ɵɱط粢δڳ֡
طԣһжս׶ս̿˵ɱֺͺڰĶ¬⣬Ҳڱȸɽׯѹ۷ǿеĶڡ
ÿһսƺʵԱȣսš
ڱȸɽׯΪǿֳֵĻᣬƣǿƴ򱬡
죬޾ΧͼͨһսԼսʶȳ֡
ɱ
գ֮䣬֮ǰסɵĹͷ󺺣˵طǰϽұۣսȭͷһȭط硣
ͬʱսĴˣҲطһȭȫطΧм䣬ͼطΧɱ
սȦ֮⣬طսĴ˽֣¶֮󣬷һ

ս˵Χط粻㲻һţȻǰڣӭͷ󺺺ХȭֱӺһȭ
һȭõǡ׻ȭ֮еġͬһ棬ƺƵ
ﬣ
طž洫ȭףһȭڹͷǺϽȭͷ֮ϣһ죬𻨱Ž
ò˵ͷ󺺵ĺϽֱۡȭͷޱȣط˾洫ȭףҲûн飬ûѺֻۣһȭӡ
Ȼͷ󺺺Ͻֱۡȭͷûܵ𺦣һɿµ壬ֱۺͼιӵĵطһʹ·Ҫһ㣬˸ǲܿƵصɶ
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ͷڿУſһɺѪ
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һ죬˴ͷֱӱӡڰսһȭ飬Ѫɡ

ͬʱͬһ㣬طһȭطĺġ
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1656 ǿΪ״£
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1657 Ȩ
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Ϊܹܵ¶Ŀɱ⣬˿Ļô


1658 £
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1659 ̬ʾ
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ðɡ
ԣ̾˿Ȼ뵽ؽ֮ǰ鷿˵һУ̲סԼСһսȨ׳ǵĽӵ绰ѿô
Ϣʱһ飿


1660 δܹ
Ħڭڽɢֱ֮뿪˾»ء
֮ǰҪӡŷڵָʾ׷֮⣬ĵطųԣҪֻط磬Ϊӡŷѧѩܡ
ɲֵĻᣬպǰģɨѧһ
֮ԸԳغط罻֣ҰܣȻҲܸط磬սĴֶطĶ֡
գط֧³Ȩ
һУͬجһֱ뿪»صʱţԽܡ
Ȼ
ͷƺʹеļ䶼ʵġ
˶͹طʵս
ҡص͹
Ϊһ㣬Ħڭϵӡŷڽл㱨
Ұˡ
Ħڭֱӽϵӡŷڵķд
ô£
дδֲ֪ѵһУĦڭĻ㱨һ
طʵս鱨еҪǿ
ĦڭƵ˵ңսĴҲǻطĶ֣սֶУ

ٴĦڭĻдסˡ
ǵġ
Ϊӡŷڵķ书Ѿ˿µİ벽񾳣ӵһžǿ࣬־ֲһ̣ǱĦڭĻסˣ
׷ʲô
üӹдŴлعٴοʵ
ġ
ĦڭֻûеͷŭΣѵһид
ĦڭĻ㱨дһγĬˡ
Ȼ֪طʵսжǿطܹһ壬ɨսĴˣսĴ˺Ħڭ¹ȫ
Ҳӡŷ׷սļƻ
ҽô죿
ۿдĬĦڭ̲סʵ
ȲҪ뿪¬Ҹطˡд
սѾˣһطѾʽΪֲָӹ٣һʲôأѵҪӻطָӣսôĦڭʮֲ⡣
ǵȵȿսǱôӦԣᡣдص
õģ
ĦڭȻһҲ¬˳ֲˣΥд
սôӦԡ
벻ʲôӦ֮ߣҲû˼ȥ룡

ĦڭͬΪŽ͢ǿ˵Ŀ׵٣û뿪»ء
һ棬ȻطչֳĿֲʵܴطûзìܳͻصıطѵ
һ棬Ž͢Թ˵ĺ֮һʧȥֲָȨϣҲҪμӽսġ
Ħڭͬǣ׵Ҳܿϵ˽̻˹Ƕˣһû뿪λʥɽ
ã̻ʱ£㱨һߵ绰ͨ׵ȿڡ
׵٣Ǳнˣ
绰ͷ˹ԭʥɽһ䷿չأӵ׵ٵĵ绰󣬶Կ׵ٴ绰Ŀ֪ҺЩȲʵ
Ǹ̻ʱ£޷ɻֲָȨˡ׵ٿżɽ˵
Ŷ
˹ıһһӣȻʵΪʲôʲô
ΪطʵʵԶ֪ǿǿ޷ƥС
׵ɫѿ˵һǿ˵ҪԼԶһţһֺʹ飬ҲĴܸС
ο׵ǰţԼطʵǿΪ͢и£طһִ
һΣ˹ûпڵȿ׵ٺĻ
֪׷ʲôýԸĿ׵٣˵ղһ
̻ʱ£ġ
׵һһȻ֮ǰһʵ˹˻㱨
֪ˡ
׵ٵĻ㱨˹ıʮָӣĬ˺üӣ̾˿Ȼ޷ָȨҲȥĪʦ˵һ¡
ǣ̻ʱ¡
׵Ҳû̫ĲԸ
ϾҲԤ֮С
˹ڹҶϵ绰֮󣬲δȥϽ̻ĪԼķⲽʱҡͷʱ̾ʱûڣΪӡ
ʮӺ˹סԼϽ̻Īķ䡣
˹ı鿴ȥԣѵǿ׵Ǳʧˣ
Ī˹ʦǹŽ͢ƶߣǿһ۱㿴˹Ծͬʱ뵽ʲô
ǵģʦ
˹˵ͷȻƵ˵׵ٸңǶ͹˻طʵطǻӡŷڵĴˣȻƾһ֮ɨսˣ޷ƥС

Ͻ̻ĪͬŷڵķдϢʱһֱɵˡ
ڿ׵ٳ֮ǰ˹ڽ̲ͼ棬ĵ˵׵ٿԻսǿ˺ط硣
е𾪵ͬʱҲһĶϣʮѿ
˹ܹĪѿʶȤûп
ǸطѾǾǿô
ӺĪŴѿлع񣬿ʵ
ʦտ׵˵ط绹ûͻƾǿߡ˹ٶҡͷ
ôǿֵزĪһ⡣
ʦطͬûܹ
˹ʣ׼ȷ˵ԴӺճ֮󣬷սʤδܹ

ĪٶȳĬˣ˹Ϊ֮ǰ߾ȫȥ£Ǹлطˡ
˹еʹ
Ϊط֮ǰ͢˴Ϊ͢սĻŽ͢ǧ궼û顪δǳս



1661 Ĳ
ǣɳʵܲ
ΪһǿߺɳʵƶߵԼķֳֵ绰˴ľ
Ϊɳʵǿ˰ɳģո㱨˹ֲѵһС
һ֮ǰжϵĲһȫ
ɳģսɽ֣мʤ㣿ݵ𾪹ͻȻʵ
ʦɣǿ״̬ĳɡɳһ˵
ʤôͣ
ȻղѾ׾ˣɳĵĻ󣬻һ£ô˵뻪ط罻֣ûκʤ㣿
ǵģʦ
ɳЩƵȷһ㣬ǿƻԵĴҲǲʵ
ڼ֤طɨڵս֮طһսûС
ߣѹһ
ٴγĬˡ
һ̣Ž͢Ͻ̻Īһȫһͷռݣطôǿֵز
ʦҽô죿
ۿ˵ɳ̲סʵ
Ȼ鷢չزҪıƻˡ
һ£ɳģҵĺӣ֮ǰطʾãʾӣúܺá
ţһ֮ǰطʾãս֮ٸıӦԴʩ
ʦ˼ǣսˡǻָȨҼпܷսУɳһʵ
ǵģսԲֲָȨҲɻطǡһ뾡һа취
ܿ϶˵˵һУΪսˣ뻪طʵ̫ˡѵڼ޷ֻڽսС
ʦˡ
ɳһ˲֮
ͬʱ
ɺսĴѾص¬׶ׯ԰
ڴ˹Уһֱûиս㱨һС
׼ȷ˵֪λ㱨
ԭԼսΪԺػɱط磬ֲָȨֵ±ɨ
ַʵ̫ˣ
Ȼ
͵ɵսĴ˻صׯ԰ʱӵս벽ǿĵ绰
ɣղž˸ңϲ·˹طΪֲָӹٵ֪ͨǱ߷ʲô
սΧ񣬰Эս֡
ղţӵսָ˿ĵ绰Ϊ߳ˣϲӾԲ·Ƿ֪ͨ
Ϊˣڽ뿭ĵ绰֮󣬱һʱϵɽѯʡ
ԲʦҲ֪㱨һֱûϵǶûнл㱨Ǹ
⣡
ɵĻͷһвĸоŨң׷ʲô
ҰˣҺֶǸطĶ֡
һ˵ţֵֻʹ굽
µڣЩ֮ǰһУ޷ܣ
ʲʲô
绰ͷֱɵˡ
Ȼʶ߳⣬ɵĻ𾪵
Ϊ벽ǿߣսĵ֮һɺս˵ʵ
ʦǶ͹Ǹطʵ
𾪵ͬʱɹзһУһһʮظ
ڴ˹Улع񣬵ּ֮𾪣ȵɳ׻㱨ֱ֮ӳĬˡ
Ϊ֪ʲôݴ˿̵顣
ⲻǼǼٲһս֮ѧһܴ裬ҲʧȥֲָȨ
ʦǽô죿
㱨һֿ֮ʵ
ȴȥʦ㱨顣
ͳ˵̫ˣҪл㱨
õģʦ
ѡȴ
ȴʱ䲢Сʱͽӵս硣
һΣ绰˲սƶߡ
ԲʦҸˡɽͨ绰ϴ
ⲻ㣬Ҳû뵽Ǹĳӵʵǿֵزǵ鱨⡣˵ձ̵ɽһһսʱ򣬹ʵȫ硣
δɣ˵Լղźķ
˿ûҿڣֻĵصȴĻ
ɣţս˺ܿϵΪơ
ٷϻֱָʾǵƻָ֮Ǳ㷵ֲѵӪ
ʦǻȥʲô
һ𾪣ԣͬج֮أԶٲ̤㡣
ǲ˶뿪ֲҲ˶ָȨǸĳս
ٴοڣ֮гɱ⡣
ʦ˼ǣֱӻؾ»أǸĳӣ
һʶʲô˳Ļûĳط磬ܾúܹ졣
طӵĻʲô

ɵĲ²⣬Ȼǻصѵ֮󣬲Ҫ뻪ط緢ͻȻս֮취ɵ
ţ
ɵͫ׶ȻŴ˲˼ֻһǳ⡣
ԣֲӵǿֻطһˣܸɵط磬ֲҲʵˣָȨջ䵽С
ʦģһŪ
˼ƻ֮еɱ⣬ֻ಻٣Ǹо޲ýطҲŽޡ



1662 ǿˣѵ·
ûв͸ǽ
齨ֲȫ󶥼صע顣
ΪˣطеϷ򣬻Ħڭɨɵս˵飬ܿ㴫˳ȥٴȦȫ
ǿŰ
ǰΪǵΪˣΪųǶôЦһ£
ĿǰӦñʵǿĻѧһˣ
Ӧȫѧһһ˲ŶԣҺܺ棬ڴŶ
ܾòˣҰղӿֳǰĴѹͲ׼
̳ٴαַǷطͬʱҲ׷׺ôˣֱӡ֯δõӦ

·˹Ϊ֯Сٴ˺Ƕ
ִʱүү֯ƶϯߣˮڻ԰ｽ
ͬһеˣûаӡ
ȣװĺӣԤƵʮӡϯһ߽һЦ˵

һ뵽ϯжϣСԴͬһֻСȸһ㣬ߺߵߣүүοжϴˡ
˵˵ôˣϯЦⲻ
˵ε齫ΪطĽѣʮΣա
дʵأţǿƵغɨսĴˣҵõϲӵǿ֧֣Ȩ
Ǻǡ
ϯ߲ΪȻһЦȣ㻹̫ˡ
ߣᣬ㲻Լжϴˡһ
û˵ЩҶ֪ΪطѾΣˣ
ϯ߷ˮЦݣ˼֣ȥҪһΣᵽʱ˵⻼ĸ֡Ŀǰ˵ǣ⻼ûн
Ƿ棬ԾʵȨöɳʵŷ޹Ž̫͢Щ̬ʾãΪսôĵطֲָȨΪսԸܻطǵ裿
ᡣ
ȵмʶӿֳ˴𰸡
ȣţѾ˴𰸡ָȨӰ쵽δǳսȫֵı仯Բ
ۿȲ˵ϯ߼˵ţȻ˵ƾսǼ˲вط磬սһأǾǿߣ

Զԡ
οսҲ⻼Ըط硣
ϯ˵ͣһ£⻼棬ЩᴫˣʵԲνˣҸӵŽᡣ
ط绹һ֮ɨô
һ򲽽һ㣬ǿ߻ɱĿҪսöɣ
үү˵ǻѧ޶ô֧Ԯͱ
üͷϵϲѾȻ޴棬ȡ֮һĨ޷εĵǺͲ⡣
˵ʵѧûи֧ԮһҲЩ⡣пܻһЩΪ֪Ļ
ϯ߿ڻشڱ棬û´Ļѧ֪ƻǶôΣգӦûһЩԵĴʩ
ȳĬˣҲ֪Щʲô
ȣװĺӣڵĻطôϯ߼״Цеʵ
ġУ
Ǳ̽ĵܣЩţܿĵţطԼĴ棡
Ǿһ֤ɣ
ϯЦЦ
Թ񣬽ֻ֯ʷļ֤ߣߡ
һΣҲ⣡

ΪʱĹϵ·˹ϵʱྩʱѾ硣
ĵڻ֯ܲӳЩʺķҶʤա
＾ྩļڡ
£һɫ۵ֻģڷԣһߣһ
Σ
Ƭ̺Ӱֻĵԡ
ڰ칫¥Ͽֻģһʱ˹
꣬С䣬ˡ
ֻĽĿ̬ķҶջأ΢Ц
ְڣ֮˵Цһ
Σôˣʵ
ڹȥʱ˺ܶ飬лѧѧ֮ĴսҲձ̵սֻһֱûȴˣպܲ⡣
գҲˣֻû˼ʳڣ˿յĻҲֱؿֻġ
ҵٱչһʱ䣬Ʋˡ
ֻ̾˿Ѿ֪˹ȥһʱһУڻѧѧһս¡
ڵʱҶ켰ʱϵ룡
ֲָ飿һٴʵ
ţսˣֲȷҲһ̨ʱұء
ֻĵͷΪҵȫѧ˵ĸˣҲǱظС籣
Σ˵С飬ҺСԭЩȥС磬Ǳ߾ܾˡ
廰⣬ڿҪҪȥбС硣
ˣҼȻˣǶͷźţһ棬һܲ룬ƻأضַ
ֻҡͷȻȥЭС飬ȻǱ߾ܾˣͰǵ˼ɡ
ã
ͷӦ
ԥһ£˵ǣĿǰСֲ⻼Σա
ǿˣͱѵ·
ֻĵҲеǣڴȻ



1663 Ŀ
ƻĳˡ
Ϣܿӻ֯ȫ󶥼
ƻĸȫѧ˸˵壬֯ȫѧ˵ĺĳԱྩ֯ܲٿһ顣
ûݲδ⹫˲С𶯣жΪǳǧ궼ûзֳʤսˡ
һΣѧһӹĲԣⳡսļơ
֮⣬Ҳʶƻʱأص֯ٿ飬ͷһźţȻһ浱սǰ࣬ôͲҪƻسһǿߣ

ʧ̫ƽصĺ֮һ˵֣޷⣬һпֲĺϷ籩
Ƭ򳣷еĿѧֶΣ˼ά߼ʽԽ͵ĳ˽ִʱѳΪЩصġĸʧ¼Ĵʡ
һУﱻΪ̫ƽеĺϺкߣصرܿ
Ȼ
ʧһûд֣Կõ⡣
ֱԼʮϳ˸ֲָɽϿȣкһغĳǱ
Ǳǹϵŷʽ񣬴濴ȥһƬڣϷһֲͼ
ںɽϣȥض졣
ܲ
϶صһֱڸʷ顢Ǻʹ˵Уû뵽ܲλضֲʧ
ϵĳǱѾ޷֤㣬㣬̺ƴ󣬽ƿ漣ع⣬ȫʸ漣
ǱͬԹһ㣬Ҫ˵ߣڳǱеˣʱ·
ȻҲǱÿһƬϸ񻮷йء
ǱĵǾԵĽסŰƶڵľͷǣ֮ٻǾԲܴġ
ĴҲУ
ƻ֯ٿȫѧ˻ĵ磬ܲųǱ
סڵµĲ꣬ͬһʱ߳Լչصķ䡣
һĸߴӵһͷƮݵĽɫ˫۱ͬűʯǶۿУͦ͵֫׳ĸо
ķնˣڵ¹꿪ʼųǱһֱڡ
֮һ
һˣСˣһͷɫľۡӥǣɢϢ
пάˡ
ķһҲĴ֮һʱ
άҲˣҪȥʹ𣿡
ķ뿨άڵĲĴǰкһõЦݡ
š
άͷ̬Ȳ䲻ȡ
ӣҪ뿪ȥִˡ
ķԣʶʲôԵЩ˷ܣʵ֪һ᲻أ
һΣάûлػֻ΢΢һ۾ȻĬسͨͨȥ
ķ״֪άἰˡ
ʵϣҲԸˡ
Ȼ뿨άԼ˶ĴˣҲʵǿݹ֮֡뿨άʵҲ˸߹
Ϊ˷ֱʹͶʹĺ
͵ķͿάǰʹסͬʱѾһִ
Ƕ
ʹĶӣǿĴ֮һ
Ƕһװ˵ߣһͷɫĶ̷ƤŮ˼˻磬˵̬ðס
˿ȥҲǲģ磬˵һۿ˻ˡ
Ȼ
㿴۾ʱһֱ߶ϵĸо
һ˫ۣݣĿǲϢγԱȡ
ףˣҴſάķˣܸɵȺ˵ķﴫˡ
ķǶ
£ĿͶ˷ĺߣҲĸʹ
ʹ٣ֻ࣬޷ʵ䡪ûƣɫƤͬǶһܰס
˿̣һɹͷɵϡ
Ƕڿǰѹͷӵʱп־壬Ҳҡ
Ϊ֪ǰӵĹͷȫֵܽãܹˣ
ʹʮӣ
֮ǰĸǣΪѧ츳ʹ⣬ͳͳʹɱǵĹͷһӡ
飬˽֪
ʹΪΪǿʵ֮⣬Ҳйء
ʳӡ
һɱԼӵж£
Ƕ֪
Կ϶ѧ츳ûдﵽʹҪҲʹС
˶ãʹκһ˻ӵ
ȻǰǸʵ

ʹڻӦᵽʱ޷Ĩȥľη
֪ˣס
Ƕ֣ͷһϵľη丸й֮޲
Ϊ֪Լĸף֮Իǰ㾴ηȫΪǿ
һʹǿ
ǶΨһŮʱһ
ͬʱ
Ĳһ乬
һŮӣͬһŮһһɴһѪϡ
һͷɫĳپµٷ֮ʮŵžžšϵŮԱǰǺ۾ɫ˫ɺ죬Ŀ⺧ˡ
Ӣ꣬ڴµĵ̺ϡ
׼ȷ˵ľʬ塣
ڼ֮ǰŮǵľѪ
ڽ֮ǰǶŮӵͣÿøĵرѪʢֻΪ֮ǰΪŮṩѪ
ŮӲǱˣĶŮҲĴˡ裡
˿̣˫һƽԣһĵ
ĵǻط磬طϡ
ľѪһζ
迴ĵ֮󣬶طƬǿζʳаȵһ촽




1664 ʹڰʹ
軺ѵϵĺɴȻŽѾߵǰһԼһߴ·
ʾǸطƻĵİͽܡ϶᲻ϧһд۸ɵ
贩·֮뵽ʲôţбҪ˵һҺǸطľѪɱ˵ѪɺѺء
£贩һɫ磬ôŽѾ߳˷䡣
ͬʱеġ䡯Ѿ˵㣬ûȥʹס˶ʹס
ʹסǴʽװ޷񣬼Ҿ߶Ƕľ죬һ涼۽ס
¯֮ð̴̡
һ׷ϥ¯ǰƳѪʢһȼյĻ¯
ৣ
ͻȻ׷ۣĿɨֱꡣ
һͷɫĳɫ۾ӣǷʹͭɫϴһɫӣһ˫ɫĲЬ
ǻˡ
׷Ҳǡ
ס
ߵ׷ǰϹ
ȥʹǱô
׷ӿʵʵݵλʹľԾͷ֮һ
ûС
ҡҡͷȻʵףʾǸطƻëİͽܣô
ƻûʽΪͽ书һֱ
ƻֵʱ򣬰׷ӵ۽Ǽ΢΢һ£ʮƽ
һҪ
˵ţ˸ɱɱǿֲ
һУֻΪ֪ƻģĸ׻׺Ҳ
׺ƻͬһʱߡ
Ϊѧǿţ˻֯һ֯Ϊ״ӣʵԶƻ֮ϡ
ʱޣ˶ΪΪ֯һƶߣճΪĵػ
Ȼ
޳컯Ūˡ
û뵽ǣƻƶ˻֯
׺ԼҲû뵽
ǻ֯ľ
ʱ׺Ƿŭصȥҹ֯˵¡
ƻѧ츳ǿʵǿʺϵ֯Ρ
εʱĻش
׺ʣδһܣˤȥ
һҹ׺ΪбŭȥȾƣһҶ߷ִ
Ҷĸס
׺һŭ֮½Ҷĸɱ֪Υ֯涨Ψӳһ·
ûߣɥĲѪϴѧҶң
һҹѪȾҶңҶϰٿˣֻҶһ硣
һҹѧ𶯣
֯Գأû׺׺˳ӳ˻ġ
һ죬ǻ֯ĳ裬Ҳǻѧѣ
׺ԣΪ˻ѧͽ
ȥƶ飬׺ΪءǿĶʹ
á
׺΢΢ס
֮ĺӣҲΨһһӡ
һ㣬񣬶ӣֻһӡ
ǣĺŮĺǶӡ
ԭл䣬䲻ϲ֣Ϊģһֳ裬Žõֻһ֡
û˵ʲôֱת뿪˷䡣
Ӻʹķ䣬衢ǶķͿάѾˡ
ʹˡ
һʱʹ
ȥ㸸ˣʹʵ
ǵģʹˡû
Ѿ֪֪ͨǳصĿġ
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1665 
ɫλ¬ֲѵﻹŵƹ⣬սԱھĸǿѵ֮󣬻صϢ
֮вΪ׵ֲӳԱҲûԳΪ׵ձֲӳԱӡŷڴĦڭ
Щ˶Ϊɣʱδӡ
֮⣬طΪ׵ĻֲӳԱҲڣǶѵغɽϡ


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˶ͦأرܵӭĿ⣬ЦһΣǿ˵鱨ɱطǸ飡ţǸҶͽܣ




1667 
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1668 Ѩ
λڷ޴½뵺ӵзĺߣ637660ƽ
֮һս಻ϣᡢϵѱ꣬ΪǸֳʿ˺ӵıؾ·Ե20ԺΪҵ
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ΪطֲѨ




1669 Ƕ
Ϊǿˣ׼طֲӵѡݴ͡ãڵ¶˸䣬ڤ
÷Զ˿֪ǱҲڲǰ½ʴߡ
䡢ǶķͿάĴˣ֪˼׷׷裬˸侲ޡ
޸֯ǿ˰ҡʹ̿˵Ĵˣ飬Ϊ˲˾ޣסͬڶʵ
ԡ
԰ҡʹ̿һв͵Ĵ˵飬˶ˬرӦˡ
Щ˵Ԥϡ
ΪסʵĿ̽ڰڻҩоô˻ῴܲܵõһЩоϺͳɹ
˹ӳһһ뵽ϣӺܣһ쳣̻㱨
˶ûᰲҡ벩͵Ĳ죬Ťͷһй˹´
Ӿ֮ǰںӭ˶һ˵ΪӣҲǺڰĺڰӳ֮һӵжǿߵʵ
ǣ˶ү
˹һʱ
ҡ벩Щɻ󡪡ѵʵҪػ˶Ǵڰػ
󣬵Ǹ˶ʵʱ򣬵õ˴𰸡
ʵѾÿյˣӰӶ
˶ǵִ֮ǰʵԱȫˣ
ͻȻ򣬵ǳ˶֤
ȻѾϲӵɹĿ꣬ǴѾ¶ˡ
һ£ʵԱʲôűֲ˻ɱǷȥػ˶ʡ
Ҳǡ
ЩΡ
ҡͫ׶Ȼ
˶Ӵ࣬ãΪڰ֮ӺͰ¹˹֮ӵ˶һǳΣյļһ
ΣգȰ˶ͻƺǿֵҲ˶ǻۺͳǸ
˶״Цһ
֪˰ҡͲҪסʵĿģԴĿĺܼ򵥡ˣ֪˶һɵϣ
粩²ʵԱ˶˵ִﺣǰһСʱһһ֣뿪˺
ˣ˻ڣʲôҪȥܹ㡣
ŰҡͲʧƵı飬˶Ц˵
µĳһڰ֮⣬סķԱ
֮ߣгʦҽžžԱְֻһ㺣ʵԱĸ衣
ҲǺڰܹһҽѧѧרҵԭ򡪡ƣա
ƸŮȡ
һλҽѧרңĳλŮ֡λŮڴϵ
죬λŮֱ㱻͵Ĵϣ˽ˡƷ
Ҫ
ҡͲûػһ䡣
˶ԣһЦȻֱ뿪ʵ
һûиˡ

ͬʱ
ٹĺϣͣһһ֣һϿյģûл
ֵĴԱϢֲ֧Ϸ֡
֮⣬һʱĻҡ
˿̣طֲ֧ӵĶӳۼڻңٿһ顣
ֲӶӳǿ鷢ġ
طУΪʲôֱڶݺս
鿪ʼɱڽʡ
֪鱨ֲڰʵأǸ
ǣǵִ֮󣬲δֱǰֳ෴ķʻͣããϡ
ɻԼõ鱨⡣
Ϊˣǿٿ飬ΪԼ
طУѵ㵣֮˻й¶ݺս
ɳʵǿ˰ɳҲˣ΢ЦҪº͵ö࣬żֿЦ˼ȫصһ㡣׿ҳϲ˵֮У֮⣬˶ûжͨѶǾϸġйܣҲ
ŰɳĵĻ£˰
ǽ͢ǿ˿׵١ӡֲǿĦڭͷ̫ǿڶֲӵĸ˶ûпֻǿط磬ط
֮ûиЩΪһֱûս
˵ע£ط绺ڣˡ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ڣ˵ɫˡ
Ȼû뵽һ𰸣
١طУĬ
֮࣬Цſˡ
Ȼ
ɽĻ˵꣬طֱӴϡ
ڣѾˡ
طһκջɣĿⰤɨεǲڰĻҩʵأӪȱѺʡûﶫһĺϡ
ȻҪڰʵأΪʲôǴϡ
ɸ£ĺϤط۶ɡ
ô
ɵɫһ˿仯ܿ˹ȥս֪˺ڰǸأҿйⷽϡ
ǿء
طЦһ뵽ҰĺѣлѾ϶һ㡪ǰ֪ݣҼпܽй¶ˣ
طУҶڵĻش𡣡װûһѡ
ҴΪȷһ㣺ǵûй¶
طٶȿڣͬʱؿһۣڣͨѾ֪˴𰸡

ٴطĻٴһ
ǿԿ϶ط˵һָɻֲӣһʲô
ڰʵصʵԱִʮӺͨڵĺ򡣡
طֱӿڽأȻӹɵؿ´׼ս



1670 ǿĴ

طĻټĻ˲䰲ɣˣһȵؿط硣
ô
ǵģ
Ϊ֮û뵽ط罫ǴΪڰʵصʵԱ
ô֪Щ˻Ƭͨ
ʱ䶼ȷ˷֣
֮࣬˶ط磬гɻ
طܹ˵ɻ󣬵ûٴνء
ûиڳˣڽӵ֮ĵһ⣺ڰһǿǷֲ֪
Ǻڰһǿ֪ôȻ׼طֲԣҪ˳񣬽һǳѵ顣
֮Ѷȼ͡
ֲսԸͨĺڰԱôݿݣһ㶼Ϊ
Եʱطԣһ޽⡣
Ϊϲṩ鱨вûȷһ㡪Ǳںڰʵأṩ鱨оԱṩ鱨֮ͱ¶ˣȻ󱻴
ϲںڰʵֻһ
ûк鱨֧ţطû߳ѵָӲʱ򣬱ƶ˱ĵһʩûľǼܵĺ򣬿Ƿдֻ֡
ط֮ûľʵʩأǲϲӣ׼ȷ˵ǲϲеĳЩˡ
ʩҲõĴ֧֣Ȼ֪һЩĻġ
ݻľصҴֻһһҽ鱨֪ط硣
ط˶ƶϣڰֲ֪
ңһƶϣҽִϼпһǿߣ뿪Ҵϵĳ˿ǺڰʵصоԱ
ΪϱսĻЩ˼п
ط翴ڰǾԲ鷢
ϾЩǺڰỨ˾޴Ĵۣȫġ
طУսʲô
ݵľȺ󣬶ɳʵǿ˰ɳĿˣ˸ž⡣
һ̣ڳ˶۷
Ϊھȹ󣬷׷ʶһ㣺ȻڰʵصоԱʮӺͨƬִϣǲɵط²ЩˣһܴЩõڰڻҩµоɹϡ
κһҺԣǺȵĶ
ϾڰƵĻҩÿһʱ䶼øơܸǿ֪顣
ⳡս߸˳֣һж׼˷ֿ˼ϡطָʾ
ţ
ٴطĻڣ˶һ
ԭǶûս̺ôطսֱӶžֿԡطƤӵ£õڻҩоɹϣ췽ҹ̷
طУΪսס
ɺܿ㿪ˣҪƷطƶս

طֱɵĻȻվ
ɫ࣬û˵ʲô
һ棬ط֧ӵָӹ٣ط
һ棬֪Լٰ䣬طһˣ
ͬѵʱһ

ط߳ңԭϢ̱ˣÿһֲ֧ӵĳԱˡ
ȫϢ
طֱ´Ųûͣһ¡
ǣ٣
ЩսԱ׷ȻĿط뿪Ϣ
ܿ죬طֵļװϣȥܶãã󺣣޷ִӰӡ
ڣû˻ط֮ǰĻ
ȫ嶼Уң
طһͺȣӹɡ
£ֱһԾ岢δû뺣ˮˮ˲䣬һᣬȻֻžһһ˻ֱӵ
žžžž
ͬʱɵ˶˵׷׸ططһͬǰ
ȻǶطȵźڰоԱִطʵɱִϵװԱ練ơ
ʱǲڳĻطԶԵõڰڻҩоɹϡ
һʱ䣬طߵӰںϿ񱼣ͬҷɳ۵ͧһ˳Ϊ׳ۡ
Ƭ̹һִطǰķ֣ǵ
һĻطٶȲֱִȥ
ǡʲô
û簡Ϊʲôкˣ
ô԰Ƭû㰡
ܿģִϵĺڰսԱ˺Хĺˣһ¡
ΪԶط˵ӰڸǣǸ޷طˡ
ȫ䱸
ûп嵽ʲôһ´
ǺڰһСӳӵлڵʵ֮Ǻǿսˡ
ǣ
еսԱһʱ
Уо۵ĺڰվڴ˵󣬶ЩڰͨսԱųǹ׼źХĺˡ
ˣ
ܿģط˿ȿӰͫ˲Ŵ󣬾һȻ´𣡡
ա
ЩڰͨսԱǾѵģʵһĹӶҪǿ٣ʺܺãǼڴ˵Ļ£۶˰
ಡ
ɲǼ䣬һſӵǹкХƿγһƬܼӵɨطˡ
Ȼ
ʱط˶Ȼ٣ɢĺ˶ʱʧһſӵȫա
أ
ϣЩڰͨսԱ׷ֹͣŲˮһš
ǣ˺ڰҲһɤϣͬĴѰӰ
ž
һ̣һ죬һˮȻǰļװ·
£һӰˮ䵽Уͬһֻʳӥ£˲˼װϡ

ɲǼ䣬ԴΪ׵ĺڰЩͨĺڰսԱĿⶼطϡ
棬·𶨸
һ̣ûһط翪ǹ
ҡ
治ҡ
ͬСһ㣬ԭأɴ۾һؿط磬ϳž
˵Ӱ
Ƕԣĸ֣ǿĴʣ



1671 ѹʽս
ִۣļװϣʮڰͶʮֳֳǹĺڰͨսԱǰǵӰڿޱߵĿ־ǵġ

ݵİơ
ɡɳġ׵١ĦڭڶֲӵĶӳȺԾУɢˮ
ա
ʱٶ̶ǹ
װϣǶʮֳֳǹսԱͻѣȻڿ־֮£ʶؿ۶˰
ǵġ
һ̣ǿ۶ʶΪ
ΪĵĿ־壬ǻðȫС
FUCK
δأ㿴һſӵХŭһڿв˼ŤХӵȻ˼װϡ
顭
ۡ
󣬳ǹɨһȡͬʱѪĽ
֮󣬲ֱͣӳ֡
ͬһͷͷŭʨӣȺÿһγ֣˵¡
ֻʱ䣬Ƕʮǹ֣㵹ѪУдʬķѣ״ҡ
̵УڣʮڰûгҲҳ
Ǳʩħһվԭأһ
ֲ˹ɱɱЩоԱɱЩоԱ
ܿ죬վڰĴˣӾлع񣬻ָһ˿ǣߵ˻´
׼ȷ˵ת˶
Ȼ˶˵ִʱѾ뿪ˣ뿪ǰӵһڵִĿĵص;ֲˣôһʱɱЩоԱ
Ϊ˷ֹйغڰܡڻҩоɹϱ˵õ
ţ
ɵڻɱЩǹ֮ԭҪͣԴ˵ʮڰ֣˿˵ĻһȻɱӵ˵ľ׼ǰִϢ
Ϊǵʵɱӵ˺ͲһûʲôǳĿҲڴˣΪ˺ڰڻҩоɹϡ
Ȼ
һ˱Ǹ졣
ط硣
ضЩǹֳֵͬʱطٶȽ˴գֱϢȥ

ɵӶʱҲ׷ʶһ㣬ŭһ޲ϳ̵
ৡ
ɵ˵ľٶǾڰֻôһ㣬ȻԼͬؽĿͶ˴ˣӳô죿
ò˵ΪڰڰǣӵԶһӶǿʵҼΣյͷҲûʾˡ
ɢӣ
˼ûԥѡ
Ϊûκ塪ǵʵط˽֣ѻʯ
ž
ͨ
ܿ죬ԴΪ׵ʮڰ׷ߡ
Уʵڻ֮ϵģ׷̤ˮУˮУǱˮ
ͬʱ
طѾִĸ㡣
һһ֣ڲ֣ǲưɵȹ
Ϊղ淢սǹ죬ЩھưɺȾǶˡ
˿̣Щȫſ棬ǲڹսǣϾǿֻš
طһɨȥָûкڰսԱŲֱͣ㡣
ִϢиǺϢʵŶеĺĳԱס
顭
Ҫɱң
طʱ򣬵´ǹ;ֵĺʮֵİ
Ϊִʮǹֺʮڰǹ൹
ղţ淢սʱһҹֵǹϢֱǹ죬ŷ׷׾ѣȻմ˵ʼɱʵŶӵоԱ
Ƕסڸ㣬ɱǴӸĲ㿪ʼģ˿̻ûе㡣
һĻط簵˿
һ۱㿴ϢǸ߼סĶʵŶӵĺĳԱ
ǹڻҩоɹϣйغڰܣȻЩС
ͬʱطҲͨڴƿ֪ɵ׷ˡ
ǱʵŶӺĳԱ
طߵ´ȻһĲ㡣
Ĳ㣬ʮǹֳֳ֣ǹֳӣһӸɱĲʵŶӳԱһͨڣ׼ϸ㣬ȥɱʵŶӵĺĳԱ
ط˸ţΪطٶ̫죬Ǹ޷طӰֻܿһӰ
飡
ۡ
Ӱط绯ΪƣһΪǹֵԴϣߵԴ˲ըѪɽ

ͻһĻЩǹһ٣С
ৣ
ط粻ͣһжȥǹֵĳǹȻ۶˰
ա
ɲǼ䣬ǹٴδ
һſӵǹдڳһεոӣЩǹ˲㵹һƬȾѪӱѡ
м˶Сӵ棬һʱԵطĵһɨ䣬ûطĽطǰţѹһ㣬ֱӶǼûǹǹ֡
ɱĲоԱʮǹ֣ͻսˣǷ׷壬ͬʱĿɨͨڡ
ؿطȾѪֳֳǹ󲽳
ǻط硭
ܿ죬һǹԴ΢΢طģõԲ۾
飡
Ȼ
Ļȫ˵꣬ǹٴ
һӵ׼ȷޱȵػԴǾֵıԶϡ
һĻŵЩͼ͵׼ǹǷ׷˲ӡ
ž
ž
ž
󣬳ƵĽŲ
طֳֳǹǰ
ħĺϵسʣ¾ǹֵ
һ

Ҫɱң
ҡͶ
岽ǹֵ߽⣬ױش
󣬸ǹֶеŴ󺰡
һˣһǹ
عĵһսطɱͶģ




1672 ͦļ
ЩǹֵģЩطͣ˽Ų
ǵѵǵսǲ
طվڣ󣬵ȴһ
áã
ǡǣ
طĻ£ֶ
ʣ¾ǹ֣оһִӵصõĸо
Ȼû뵽ط羹Ȼǲ
طΪʲôȥս
˿̣ѹȥһڱƵģɿѵսһԡ
һУǰӸ˳վһš
ط״ųǹ߽
žžž
ƵĽŲٴЩǹֵӲܿƵز
ȻطѾ˵ǲȻطῪǹ
Ȼ
ԤϵǣֱطߵǰûпǹҶеĳǹ
顭
󣬳ƵȺ
ط绯ΪƣȺоǹֵĺ󾱣ٶȿ磬ǡôֱþǹ˹ȥһڵ޺
һУط粻ȥЩǹ֣ǹԵһ䷿䣬Ȼһͷڴϣɪɪ
ûˣǰȫˡ
طӢ˵һ䣬Ȼڶ䷿š
һ͵Ůˣڲϵƺŷ鱣
㰲ȫˡ
طٴοڣŮۣؿطӣֱطתų׻ع
лΰл
Ů˻ҵطлһڻȸлѳΪϰߡ
طûлͷǰ򿪷䣬ϵظ֮ǰĻ
һ䣬䣬䣬ط߼䷿ŵʱ򣬿һͷƤӣڴǣһŷƵƬ
ƬУһӢ꣬һɰŮһŵŮĸ첲Դļͷ
һڵĺա
Σ֮ʣͬܶҹһƬԺҸطţûлع
ˣ
ط翴ӣʵ

͵ؾѣɴ۾ط磬ʶص˵ͷĶˣ㡭ǣ
ǻֱ
طѸشȻ˫Ų£ֱͦӣӾ񣬡ԲˣҴؼҡ
£طϳǸ⡣
һ̡
ľˣΪûбоԱûӪֱڰץоԱеھΣͬʱǸ
ллл
͵ҵػһҲ׼ͬʱ״εؿڣģ塣
ءء
˵ţ˵ţֱӶ׵ڵأͷʹޡ
һ̡
޵ӡ
ʮˡ
ʮˣڵȵһ졣
ؼҡ
ӵܱؼң

Ҵϻ𣿡
ط˰ӣӵȶһЩżʵ
ûûˣصʵŶӣֻһԻġ
Ĩ˰ᣬۣشȻ뵽ʲôʮˣһŵģ֪ô˺ڰС
⣡
ӵĻطͷһ
Ȼط磬ڰʵлĹ񣬵׿˵һĲ
⡭ĵ飡
ǷݵģЩģû˵ʲôֱӴ߳䡣
ֲԱط磬ѾкƷ˺ڰǹ֣Ƕȫˣ
Ϊ֪Ѿûˣطûٰ鿴䣬ǴӢ˵һ䡣
طĻ£ٷﶼпил
ЩŶҲšϲã
طûлӦЩˣֱӴǰ¥
ߵĹУӿЩǹֲҵ״ͱѪȾͨʬ壬Ҳŵ˴̱ǵѪζ
һУЩŻĳ嶯ͬʱЩȷ
գûбŵҲûŻ£ֻĬĬظǰꡣ
ӣʼձֱǹ
ӰУһ㱡
ǻľ˵ļҲǻͦļΪϵÿһλˣֵһΣѣ
ţٿֻš

طʱɵ˸ոսеķһ飬ûҵйػҩоɹϡ
Щջ
ջ֮࣬ԭҪһ䷿һרңطһͷƤӣ¥ͨ߳һط磬㾹Ȼ̻ҩоɹϣ
ৡ
ͬʱɳġ׵١ڶĦڭֲӵĶӳҲԼͬؽĿͶط硣
ɡɹϲϡ
󣬲ط翪ڻشһ䷿רңľսػصҡ뿪֮ǰеоɹ϶Ͻˣڴϡ

ɵһЩΣһ˿ֻš
û뵽һͬʱط˶ʲô
ɳĵҲʶˣС֮ĶȾ֮طѹûֱͣȥĲ㣬ĿΪ˾¸ˣ
ɣ
طһߣһ߻ɵ֡

ʶػһ
ղҴӼװϽ봬֮ǸʮڰĻˣô
طޱ˵ȻµʱѾɵǰ
⣡
ͷһ죬֪λش
ɣ㣬ȥ׷ɱʮڰĻÿɱһˣȡһֻΪ֤
طٴοڣӹɡ
㡭
һջͼ
һˣ㣡
طϣɱ糱ɡ
áá
طǿƵĻطǱɱ⣬ϵıջ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮Ǿ֡
Ϊһ仰
ѣǶѻǵˡ
Ϊ
طɱ



1673 ܲӴ
û˵ֱ뿪˸㴬գȥִطɱʮߵĺڰ
ԣûʲôѶȡʮڰӲԶȴһܱ顣
飬ţ
뿪ͬʱŭһȵطһ㡣
ɶӳ鷳ȥʻңƴԱôԱı䴬ĺзǵĴֻϡ
뿪֮طֶΪֲӶӳİ˵
ǣ٣
ɵһʱ
Ȼ֪طѶʵŶӵоרңȡڰڻҩоɹϢֲûʵʸ¡
ҪǣϸִкطμӺÿһսȻδǳսжЩԱս֮󣬿Ըݹͷֵ㹻ĺô
ĦڭӳȥĲ㣬Ѷʮڰǹ֣Ūйһаͬʱʮս
ط罫ĿͶӡŷڵǿĦڭ´
á
ĦڭɫѿӦ
ȻһǧԸʱ뿪ӶȡйػҩһУ²òͷɶٸطҰο
һţ˵֡طӽγΪһľˡ
Ħڭ뿪ɳġ׵ٺڶˣʶؿط硣
λֲҪŽᣬҪŽᣬſӮýսδǳս
طĿδɨһɫͬʱֲ˶Ҫ
٣Һͷֲӽһָӡ
ڶһ̬ӵط硣
ʵϣطݿغɨΪ׵ֲӿʼ̬
طУ곤档
ɳҲˣͶɳʵжϣΪ׵ֲӲֲָȨҺпһĻᡣ
֪յĽطȻó˳⣬̬վӣΥ
طУ͢һֱϧꡣ
׵Ҳ̬ˣӵرԼ̬ȡ
һѶʵŶӡطͷ
ܲӴ
԰ɳġ׵١ڶ˵Ĳԡ
ĦڭɵսĴˡ
ȻѾ֪Էй¶˴˴ôԷûģ漫пܸһȻƴǱǿѹ̬

ͬʱ
Զĺϣͣһҿͧͧڰǵ绰һãһá
ΪһźţΪ鱨վ
ڰ䵱鱨ԱĽɫڰܲϵͬʱһЩҪϢ
֡
ͻȻͧλϵǵ绰ڰע⡣
һɫİ˴󺺣һǵ绰ʾֱ֮ӽͨã˹ִˡ
طֲסǵĴֻҵǴǷ˹Ѿ˵һʱȥɵЩоԱ޷֤ǿһ㣬̽Ϣ˶ү㱨
绰ͷ˹֣֮ǰڴϵĴˡ
˵ʱ˱ĺҲظܵǹǿϢŵò˺ˮҲþ
С׷ɱҡסһҪ㱨⣬˶үطȻֲȥ

˵˹ֵĻȻֹ
Ϊز׷ɱԡ
֣ŵһǵ绰ֱ֣˺ˮ
ͬʱһֵŤͷȻޱӡ
žֵϣӿֳһĨɻ󣺶ԷȻˣΪʲô֣
ৣ
Ӧһƿ
һӣһӰָͬһǯӣֱӿס˹ֵĲӡ
ꡪ
һ죬˹ֵĲӦϣ˲
ΪʵĲ࣬˹ɵĹ޷뷴
£˹ֵȻŨŨɻ󡪡ֱûףΪʲôһʼûг֣
Ҳû뵽ǹеĻ˵꣬ųֵġ
Ϊɲϣֲ˳෴ϣΪطĹأ

һߣҿͧϵڰˡ
ȻѾֲ֪Ҫû뵽ʵŶִȻᱻֲ£
ݵ𾪹ǵһʱͧ
ʮӺ
ǵִʵأ鱨㱨˹˹صİˣͬҲǺڰڰӵĶӳ֮һӵжǿߵʵ
һУֻΪûʸֱ˶л㱨ٽ
ǺڰڲĹأȼɭϡ
˹ӵ㱨֮󣬲ҵһʱһ䷿䣬˶
˶үˡ˹ɫѿ㱨
ģֲô֪ʵŶӵҪ뿪ʵŶִģ
˶㱨гɻ󣬵ŭ
Ȼǰ˺֣ڻҩĳɹԼϣϵǹֺսԱܵһʱɱЩʵŶӵоԱĻǺڰὫ¡
˿ԴЩʵŶоԱУõһҪĶЩоԱµĻҩ
̽Ϣ㱨ܲ÷뾡һа취ػɱʵŶӵоԱ
ݵķŭ˶ܿ侲ָʾ
µֻΡڻҩоɹϢѱסЩоԱȫˣ˵õЩϢڶʱҩҲһ׵顣
ûù˹ʾ÷壬ֱӻɱطΪ׵ֲԱ
Ϊ֪ⳡ棬һǿ߲ܲ룡
֮⣬Ҳɱط磡
ǣ˶ү
˹һʱȻѸٵ˳˷䣬ǰȥִ˶
ط磬յ飬һι㣬һ
˹뿪֮˶ҧгݵ˵ţɱ⡣
£ʶؽĿͶ
һ̣ɱˣ




1674 
ںڰʵصоԱԣǻһ졣
ǣǸҽѧѧѧרңڰᰵнٳ֣Ҹѡ
һΪڰоҩ
ڶڰᴦǣȻɱǵļˡ
ѡһЩйרҵơͳͳɱˣҾǵļ˶һ⡣
ڰĲбֶΣŵʣµרңɱӺá
ʣµЩרѡЭ
Ϊ˻ţΪ˼˿ԻţѡΪڰоƻҩ
ڴ˹УǷǵûȥɱκһʣ෴뷽跨ȥЩΪƷʣˣǵΪҲΥ˵塣
Щ꣬ǳŵµǴԵĥúʹࡣ
죬ǵþˡ
طֲǡ
طʱǿһ㣬׷׼ϵصлʵǵõһϢȫ¼ط硣
˵ϼһγĻҩоϡ
ط罫Ūݣָ˿׵ٺͰɳһݡ
ллطУ
Ȼ׵ٺͰɳ֮ǰط˵ֲҪŽ͹ĻõоϣǻЩ㵣ͬʱһʱط˸л
Ž빲
ط΢΢һЦٴ˵ʣ᳹ܲӴߡ
£ط粻ȿ׵ٺͰɳĻػֳ弯רǵܿ죬ǻὫǽϲӣȻǾͿԻص磬ǵˡ
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ллл
һʱ䣬л
һ̣ʵŶӵרǣоá
صʦ𣿡
ط˰֣ٴοʵ
ʵŶӵ˵þˣаʮĹʻĻأһɽѹطͷġ
Ϊȷȳʣܵʱ䣬ֶ롣
ʱطûʧȥ硣
֪ϲӰصļڻصݲṩϢޡ
Ҫȫ˽Ӷս
һ£صʦѡ
ڣ𾴵طУҪ֪ʲô
ܿ죬һ׷ԲԵ˴Ⱥ˳֮бŶطĸмء
Ҫ֪ڻصһƣ⽫ϵ³սͬʱҲܷɹӪȹѺʣ
طһ˵ţȻʦ˸һ䷿䡣

ͬʱ
أ
νһηɣƬϰ١
ÿηмѺ4-6˲ȣŮֿ
ηڣһȺϽţǻصĺĳԱܽ롣
ںϽŵſڣкڰػ
֮⣬ÿһξ붼кڰǹվڣѲߡ
Ժŵ˵۷ɭϳ̶ȣصļֻ߲ͣҪ˵һսԱ»ʦˣҲ޻ء
ֻ磬ͬһƬأģÿ¡
һУֻΪѺηʶ֪ǳΪ˻ҩƷ߳
һеŭ𡢾кͰõģúڰǹǲ
ǹֵĲǵѣ
ҺҽУ

ͻȻİƣϽĴŻ򿪣˶ڰ߽ͬ
˶ɭɱ⣬ɱ˼䣬ڰзëըѹҿ
ͬʱǸǣ˶ɱпɱʣйеķŭ
Ѿ˵ʵŶֲִص飡
ءء
͵˶ͬʱԭͻȻ˿
ǺӵĿ
һŮ
մ˯оѣȻˡ
ŮѺ44η
ԭһͬһɰ˿ںģ۹ˮʪ˫ǿ־塣
ԭֻɰǱ裬ɿˣͷģͬһ㡣
ԭĸ첲ϣ洦ɼ࣬ˣȾѪ
Ǻڰǹ֣ץͷСηʱƵġ
лԻģֻꡣ
뻶һĻˣŮһǺͷƤԻģֱĸ׺ѡ
ǰˡ
ģܲܲҪˣ
쵰뺦𣿡
ŮĿη˸ˣһŭ⡣
ͬʱһԼʮҵĸˣæøˣͬʱס˻ͣûٴο޳
һ̣ܹܵŮĲҲܸܵŮеĿ־塣
Ƿݿ־壬ͬһηҲ˵ŭȡ
ûпڶ˻ػ
һ棬֪˵ҲǱġ
һ棬ػûκ壬ǹ֣Ӷɱ֮
ֻĬĬᣬرŮ
һ̣絶Ҳ˳ӡ
ɷһˣΪɷ겻ڼң˹֮⣬Ҫչ˺ӣǳæµĸװæſѵꡣ
Ϊ˱ĸ׵ĸлΪ˵ڽ񾭣ɷͨ󣬾һˡ
ѡεصʱȿǵǹڣŮΪĳƬԵʣҪ޴ԭʨӡ
Ůĸף˷ޣȴֱӵ˵
ޡ
ٸŻ͵ͬʱѣ֣Żţûˮ
ΪѾ޸ᡣ
ͣѲ޷ܣԼŮŮ
ѣˡղֻΣŵˡ
ֹͣ˿Ȼĸ׽ÿ֮˵ţĿͶ˸ˣλ̣Ұְǽžһǵġ
˸һϵĶ൴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮ͬʱо
Ƕԣͯԣõͯ
ĸ׺ѵһ˿ϣ
Ϊ뵽ţӵܱǰսҹңȫشͬš
ž
ž
ž
ʱƵĽŲԶȻֹ
˶44ηǰͣ˽Ų



1675 ޣ
ηֳֵΣڰǹֹˣֱһǹ򱬳ߵԴӶʣǱְȴšʵ顯ˡ
죬Ϊ˶ĴڣΪܹ˶ǹɿֲɱǺڰǹ֣ͳͳûҿֻǰؿ˶ߵ44ηǰ
ηοյģǹּӡ
һ̣˶ĿͶηηڵˣ׷׿˶
⣡
˶Įӣӭ˶Ŀ⣬ˣǻĸ׺ѣֻñһͷյҰ޶ˡ
˿̣ǵͷһ˲佩Ӳ
ǿ־嵽µı֣
ǻûк¡
ղ˵ְǻľˣ
˶Ŀ˻ϣ¶һЦݡ
ৣ
Цݣ˺ͻĸסУħ΢Цǵɫٴο䣡
԰Ұְǽž
ڻӦ۵ڰηԵø

ŻڣĸξѣѸס˻͡
ſ˵ɱ㣡˶üͷһ
ĸ׵ӾҲҿڡ
˫ƿĸѾɳڵ֣ЩҪɱ裬Ҹ졣
ղ˵ְֻ㣿˶ٴЦˡ
ţҰְ˵žᱣÿһˣžһǾȳȥ
ٴοڣ۶ڵСϣżᶨı顣
ǣеĽžոҲˣھҪɱô죿˶ϵЦݸŨˡ
һ¡
׵һʱû˶仰˼
Ҫ
㡭㣬Ҫ
ĸ׺ͬʱ¸˶ˣһĿͷ顱֮ڶ
ͼַͨʽ˶Ź

һΣ˶ڻжϽĴŴˣſڡ
Ϊǿˣ֮˶迪ͨȨޣȥصÿһطصԻٳ
ĿǰȨ޵ģֻˡ
ˣôˣ
ĵ˶еЩ⡣
Ҹղ˵ЩоԱֲӵ˾ˣ迪ʵ
ʱˣѾϱ÷ˣȥɱЩоԱġ
˶ԣɫЩѿ
Ϊ֮ǰ飬ͺڰԶǳ衣
Ŀʣеûӣ
ʲôɱйô˼ؿ˶
ôֵͼ飿˶·ϡ
Ȼղŵȷôģˣôˣǻˡ̿ˡ޸֯Цġ
ԣȷʵͦͼģҶԣ塣Ц
ˣ˼ǣ˶һɻ
ҪѡһѪ

˶һ
һ丸װ¹˹˵пǴ˵еǸȺĺѪ
Ļ֤ʵһ㣡
ˣһСŮҪҪ
ݵ˶΢Цſˡ
Ŷ
ԣһһΣܿ44ηſڣĿͶηеĻ
ţ
һ̡
ͫ׶ȻŴų˷ܵĹâȻǼ֮壡
֮壿
˶ɫһ䡣
Ϊ¹˹Ķӣڰ֮ӣ˶ѧ˽⣬Զһ˸ࡣ
˵֮ͼ֮塣
ּ亱ʣ֪ʵͨʮꡣ
Ψһ⡣
䡣
ʵĻԸıز۵ˣǿţѧɾͻʮ־ˣ
˶˰ϴɾȻϴθʳСʱȷѪҺ֮͵ҵķ䡣
˷ܵ촽ǿ˼ζ
õģˣ
˶̻ӦȻĺڰִ˵
ǣˡ˶үڰǹǵһʱ
ﬣ
󣬰һ죬ηŻ򿪡
ҪҪŮ
ҡҸȺħƴˣ
ηĸףرŻǽǣǷһƴ
ǵġ
һ̣˥Ϊ˱ԼŮһеƴ
һĻŵņֱ֣̀еǹ
չǶһǹɵʡ
Ҫɱǣ
ʱٴοˣŮˣʺͻҲ֮š
˵
˶ٴ´
ǣ
ǹջǹȻǰƷѣĸ׵Ļ˹

ȺħүŹǵģ
ηĸ׳ױڵϣ˫ĿѪᡣ
ѵ
Ӧǵһ졣
ηĴ¹ˡ
ҰְֺͽžһȺץߣ
ͬʱûǿ˶裬˵
ƽᶨ

ʲôЦ飬̲סЦ
һɱǵģϧ㿴ˡ
˶ͬЦЦú䡣
£߳ȥ
Ϊĵı⣬ط֮󣬵ط棬ɱʣطĸоԶɱʣгɾ͸С
οɱʵĻᱻ˳Цǵͼй߾ٶ

ǰҵŮң
˶˵뿪Żĸ׺ѾĿͰ

ͬʱ
ʵŶоԱֲִһˣҴϵ˶ûж˶ڵط
طѾ׷У֪˹һƺͲ֣û뿪䡣
ΪͻȻӵɵĵ绰
С磬ղǽӵϢʮǰڷʧٵһţܼʮĹ񣬿˺ڰС
绰һͨɵ㴫˹˽ŭ
׳ǿܣʵ
ط翪ڴɵĻʮأҵõȷϢǸŵĿǰںڰʵء
ǻ𣿡
һֱɤϣסʵ
Сʱǰǻš
طӦȻ˵ԼжϣȻڰ֪Ҫصǰ£ûɱʣ֤ǻὫԱڹؼʱвǡ
С磬뾡һа취ǻؼҡ
ǳ˿Ȼ󻺻ڣͳ˻ơ
ǣ׳
طȻͨת䣬һӰͨڡ
һ̡
֪һлŮֻʣĸСʱˡ
Ҳ֪ŮϲĽžһȥ衢ѣԼˣһὫлץߡ
֪Ӫʵ鲻˳١
Ҫٶȸϵ̤ƽأ




1676 ս
ϣٸеĵطҲˣͬƶĵطҲиˡ
ƶ࣬ҲǶ˶ɡٷ֮ʮϵĲƸڰٷ֮ʮС
һսҵĹңҲһƶĹңĹңҲи˺͸
˺͸Ħӵɳ׶
ĦӵɳҪۿںʷųǣλﶫϲӡشлȻ200ˬľԴ䣬ķ羰ʤء
Ħӵɳҡѣս洦ɼ洦ɼǹ֧ǣֲС
Ħӵɳĸ
ΪסĸбԼ˽װ֯ѾõĹϵ
ĦӵɳһС
߾ۼһ𣬱ϰˡ
ߺϰˣͬ֯ڰᡢ̿˺;޸֯
УԾ޸֯˹Ǹ֯Ĵϣӵоǿߵʵ
ӵж˳еĸߴģӣһ˫տ۾ܴͬţһ㣬ɷĿ⣬η
Դ̿˵ͬǸ֯Ĵϱϣͬһλǿߣһɱ֡
˹ͱϣ׷׽ĿͶԺڰĺڰƶߡǵ¡
ǵֳֵ绰ڰľʦ÷ͨ
ӦҺ÷ͨݡ
ܿģǵ½÷ͨĿͶ˹ͱϣֲѾڰʵطˡ˻ʵŶӳԱִ
ţ
ǵµĻ˹ͱϵͫ׾ǷŴ
Ǻ͸ǵĿΪ˰бЭ֯Ĵˣֹⷢ
˿̣ǶǵµĻζʲôȺоԱУ˱ͨȺµĻҩӶ׳һʵ
÷Ѿʹ߻㱨飬ʹҪǲϧһдۣɱЩоԱҪʱ̣Զ˵ų֣
ǵٴοڣתʹߵ

˹ͱͬʵ
ĺ򣬾ƬҪȥ顢̽
ǵ˵ͣһ£Ǳже鱨ȥǵ䣬Ȼʼж
á
˹ͱ϶û顣
һ棬֪ºأӰܴ
һ棬ʹߵʮӣҲΥʹߴ־ÿһλʹ߶ǾǿĴڣư벽֮޵С
ǣȻҲǾǿߣھǿߵȺֻеƫϵĴڣʹҪ١

ͬʱ
һΪԶԮĻľӡС
˼һԶԮﺣѲúĺȷĻֿ԰ȫ˳ͨС
طսСӲμȫֱʱԶԮǰֱڹҵĺ򣬸սС͹װ
ʱþĽĪȫսʿطΪ׵սСѧϰطŵȫֱ֮ΪսСӰ칦
طʶ¶ȫֱھȻɻػģĪʱﺣ򣬶һֱδعŵûж֡
˿̣ϰȫװĺսʿְؼԼĸλ
ĪڽһԻľƵ绰
׳ģ̴˸ֲָϣЩоԱʡ
ĪվƵ绰ǰ
ղţƵλĺľͷֲԺڰʵط˹һˣϲǰȥӦϲվûĵԶԮδ˴
ΪԶԮǾ·صһս̵ʱڸϵһ⣬ֱӽս
õģĪ⣬ϲӻǸ;ϵȻǵľһͬǰȥӦƵУλͷֲһ䡣
ǣ׳
Īٴδףϲİţԭ
һоԱʵ̫ҪˣҲøȣϲӾûһߣȷǵİȫȻƶӦķ
ڶεпܻΣգΣʵͨսʿǿߣϲӱȻɳǿ֧Ԯ
Īһӵͬʱϲӵ̹ܽ٣ӵоǿʵҲӵϲӵ
ϲҪϲӵľǿ߻ϣȻ뻪ԶԮϵϾӦڰʵصоԱʡ

ͬһʱ䣬طӴӳ
֮ǰ׵١ɳĺڶѾЩоԱִļװϡ
ĦڭҲˡ
طָʾ˶ԺڰǹֵѶҽЩǹֵսݿƴ
Ϊսǿ˵ɣڼٳִ񱼶
ѰطɹɱѾߵʮڰ˴ӵԶһ֮⣬˶ӵòԶ׾ٵҵǣɻɱ
ͬʱһһϣӥŮڣ׷˼װϡ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼطϣȴط
׵١ɳġڶ˽תƵһϡ
ط´һ
ǣ٣
׵١ɳĺڶ˵һʱ֮бŶطأη
ȻطĺܲӴĲ֮£ĿǰǣѾѡĵطָˡ
ԭִ֮нʮ׵ľ룬ЩоԱ޷п׵١ɳĺڶ˰æһж
ÿˣָһˣ̤ˮСǴظܿ㽫оԱȫתˡ
ʱҲϵˣԾִļװ塣
ڶֲЩоԱָ򣬵ȴϲӵľӦ
ۿоԱȫתƣطٴοڣ´ڶ
ǣ٣
ڶһʱЩŹ֡
Ȼû뵽طİš
ҲһȻ
˸ǰˣӪʣ
ط翴˵ɻ󣬵ûֱͣ´˵ӹɡ
ǣ٣
жЩɻ󣬵ڣû˸ʣǷ׷׿
£˷ֲӵĳԱ֮⣬ڻϵսԱ׷
Ӻ
ִ𺽣ŲͬķС
ǰָȴӦһִǰ
ս



1677 ̽
ҹĻ٣һ޴ƺʣסǹ⡢¹⣬һƬڡ
ˣˮγɺˣϯķ
ڷߣһ·ʱή١
ڵĺϣ֮ǰʵŶоԱִŵƣͬһ鴬һ㣬ӭźˣʻ
ո㹫򣬰طڣսԱȫװս׼
УΪ׵ֲӺӡŷڵǿĦڭսƵսսԵֵӵھǵķȷսеİȫ
طϴźڰǹֵս
˿̣һƬû˳
Ȼڵ˶ܺ棬طΪڶΪ׵ķֲ£𱣻ЩоԱȴϲӵ˽Ӧûһ˿ѯʡ
ǲ룬ǲҡ
Դӿʼִ֮طڹһָӹӦеϣĴ澴η
طҲûκνͣҲκν͡
֮Ϊ֪ڿ׵١ɳĺڶ˵УڶǺޱ֧ģֻʱ֧֡
˵ͬ˸Ϊ׼ȷһЩ
ңڶͷ޶ûҰģоԱʲô
֮⣬ֲӣڶ֮⣬˵ʵޣʺϲμӽս
泤٣ֻжʮˣָʾ
󣬰ĴһԵø̶
˵һֲӵĳԱڲﶢشԱҰطǰ˻㱨
յԱһ룬ǰȵʮʱͣ£
طǻӦһ䣬Ȼָʾ
ǣ٣
սԱæӦ
ȥ̽飬ȫûҵ˽ж
طصߵ磬վ´ڶ
ǣ٣
ڣˣһʱЩ졣
Ƕû뵽طΪָӹ٣ȻҪȥ̽顪սǲܷ顣
Ͼָӹָӣߵġ
طܹϵľɣ֮ͬǰڶֲӱЩоԱһûκν͡
ӥŮط粻ȥ
кڰһľţط󶥼Ĵǰȥ̽Ļȥ˼пɥһݾߣԽж䲻
֮⣬طԼ󶥼Ĵ˲ûаٷ֮ٵΣһΪ˼棬ѱأ
Ҫ֪鱨սǲܳκƫģ
˵עУط߳գȻװϡ
䡪
ʱմһһ޴ڿл˲˲񷣬ָֻܿһƬڡ
󣬿ʼˣӴδƮ䣬ͬˮһ㣬˲佫طϵ·ʪ
ط粢⣬һ¡
磬Ƕ̽飬սġ
УطһԾֱ֮У̤ˮУһ磬˶ʮ
طֻ׵ʱƸˣ˳źʯںڰи
طͣ½ŲһͷˮУȥ
ףطԣǺ̵ܶľ룬ܿε˺ߣȻ߶ɾ洫ȭ͹̩ȭںϵѪطڲϢͬһֻһ㣬˲ʧ˺ҹС
ܿ죬طһѲߵĺڰܹˣʵڰڵ۷塣
ԽԽˣֲӵ˽Ӧòˡ
ǰôִ꣬ںϺһΣյ顣
ҪҪʶӳػܱꣿ
ڰУڰδط磬һһߵ̸š
죬ûнӵӳ֮ǰǱѲߣ
ͷһĴ󺺣ֹͬۡ
ѲСָ˳ĬҹмѲߡ
ط״δ֣ȻϢ뿪
طͬ»Ұһ㣬ȻϢںεÿѲСӣͣǵĽ̸ȡõϢ
֮⣬ط绹εĹУϸظӦܵһУȷϺͳƺϵ˵ʵ
ԼĪʮӺط
ܹоʮˣʵڰڵڣγʮ˸С飬ֲںÿһƬؽѲߡ
պڰǹṩϢϳЩڰ֮⣬аڰʵǿǶӳ˹ӵжǿߵʵֻоʮʮӦڻڲ
طһݴУа˼š
ʱһѲСӴطǰ߹
ৣ
һΣطͻȻͬһ㣬Ѹڰԡ
顭
죬ڰ̵أ̼죬ҽûз
Ѫʧȥһ˹ȥ
ط罫ڰʬϽݴУȻһڰʧںҹС




1678 ս𣬾ս
¡¡
֮ϣӿֲˡ
УƸˡ
ϣطԹȥĺڰ̤ˮС
ҪڰصִϽѶӶԷе֪ڰŵԱʵԼֲӶƶսƻ
طصϵʱִѾھʮͣںˮҡڣ·ʱᷭ
ڣ˶ԭشǿطźڰأǾúǲ졣
Դˣط粢δᣬֱӽڰһ䷿䣬ԽѶ
Ѷʱ䲢ֻж̶ӣû֪طôģֻڰǰһӷʮʹİ
طٴλصո㹫ʱ˶ʶսҪˣ׷վ
ͨҸղŵ̽Ѷһһʮ˺һЩԱ
·Ϊӡ֤˵жƵģط統ڴĵͼڴյһǽϣָŵͼ˵ԼõϢУоʮڻ⡣Ǳ鲼һС飬ʵڰڵڡ
ʣ¶ʮУʮڰʵͨ۷Ͷǿ֮ǰǵĶӳ˹ǶǿߣҲΨһһ
ողڰ͸©Ϣʮڰڻڲλò
ʮͺڰᡢ޸֯̿ˡ
ڰֻ˶һˣѾͻ۷ǿߣĿǰھظԶķ
֮⣬Ҳסǵʵȫ۷ǿߣҼп۷ǿĴڡ
޸֯̿˵˶Ƕǿߵʵڸʵ򡣡
˻~
ط˵ϢֳһƬ
ЩͨսԱ
Ϊ˵ʵ֮ǿȫǵǸе־塣
׵١ɳġڶĦڭɼˣȻûгҲѶȼ
Ĵ˺˶סвǡ
󣬰ɳĿˣ˵⣬ҲǵѨȷʰȫǰ»ɱǣⲻһ׵顣ңǻҪֹԻװã˶Ҫ
ǵģԣǱսپطͷ
ôսپɿʵ
ֳͻ顢顣ͻҡ׵١ɳġڶֲȫԱɣ鳤ҡʣµĳԱɣ鳤ŷֲӶӳʩ͵¡
ط粻ٷϻֱ˵Լƶսƻͻ鸺ڲɱǿߣԻװãȳʡ鸺ɱϵĵˣսʽӦ
ţ
طսţ˾һԸ̾طİŲֹȷкʵʣԽÿ÷ӵ
ϾʵǿŷֲӶӳʩ͵ºֲӵĶӳǵʵͨĻ۷壬һ˵ǿˣЩڰľŶԣͬһС
һ£Ժڰûκв
𺣵ϵĺڰڻ¡
һ棬Щڰǿ֮Ҳֻǻڡ
һ棬ֲóսʵǿЩڰġ
ǵĴھ뺣һĵطͣ£ȫԱ´һͬӾϺ
طٴοڣİţǵ֮䣬ͻر֣ϵĺڰʼػصʱٴӱͻϮ
ͬղһǰٴһΪطİżΪ
ôԱ𺽣
ۿû飬طóߵ磬ִҵսԱָʾ
ǣ٣
սԱһʱӦ
ִٴ𺽣Ȼڵʻֱ뺣ֻһʱ򣬲ͣȫҹ֮УҪ˵һһףѷ֡
ȵִ֮ͣսԱطָʾ˴ԱȻոĹ
ʩ͵УǺڰߵ磬ϣʱ֪ǵĶ򡣡
ط罫Ӻڰϵõߵ罻ŷֲӵĶӳʩ͵£ȻԼ֣ȭսͽˣ
泤٣֤񣡡
ʩ͵½ӹߵ磬طһȭͷص
ط΢΢ͷȻĿⰤӥŮ˫ȫͻɨ
ַʽˣսбСģ
ӥܹطеĵǣǷ׷ȭͷػӦط磬طġ
ȫ嶼Ужʼ
طջĿ⣬´
ǣ٣
ɲǼ䣬뻮һ쳹գ硣
ڰУһâɵһ
ǧͣڵȵľս




1679 
ҹɫī磬һƬŢ֮ء
ԽԽˣЩڰϸִһ飬Ѳ䱸ֲϮ
ΪϵźλûнǱ˴֮䲻ϵ˿̣û֪һѲߵĺڰѾʧˡ
ظ

ǷŮòãҿԻŮǸ˿ҵѪˡ
44ηĸףڵϣᣬһһغԼŮ֣ηǹġ
㡭ȺɱĻ쵰үŹǵģ
뻶ĸײͬѳ׾ˣͷɢǷһ㣬ţźڰˡ
죡
ηǹȻĸ׺ѵĻķ¾ǹ׼ˣŭȡ
㡭Ⱥħǻ᲻ú
ڵǹڣʹ⡣
ģ
ηǹû£ָյҪ»ĸ׺ѣͿǹˣ˴󺰴еڣ
ͬʱ⣬ķС
ûϥڤ룬Ȥؿŷһ䡣
һϣϹһ̺ӣͷʪģɷףɪɪ
η֮󣬺ڰǹˮϴֱðա
֮⣬ϴ֮󣬻ιкҩȥСʱй˺ܶΡ
ÿһйᱻץȡϴ
һһΣһһ顣
ԭڹȥʱûгʲôյģÿһйˮʧ˿ѾӽˮˣӸðգѾ˼㡣
һ̣ͬеʱϨ
硭
עӵͬʱִһ磬һΣʡ
ǲǺʹࣿ
һĻû˿ʴϧ෴۷ŹشǸоǶ˺ü˿ζʳ
žһץߵġ
˵Сᶨ
ʵϣڹȥСʱÿԻʱظһ仰
~
Ѿ仰ܶˣ˿ǾúȤ̲סٴЦСûˣĽž岻ˡ
ġ
ϣɼᶨ·
ðɣ㰴˵ģǻأһɱǵġ
Цݲ˵ɱֵʱ赭д·ͬһֻһס
һΣûпӲظˣ·ʱᵹ£ַ·ʱ鴤ʡ
ٹһᣬҧĲӵʱͲˡ
΢Ц촽Ȼ˿ʱ䣬ԵЩ˷ܡ
ٹʮӣҪȻѪˡ

ͬʱסڵķ
ͬΪ˵䣬ոմһȭ

ȭӿз紵ƷҡΡ
˻֣صɫʡ
Щȭ󣬷ſëףڵġйģữɺˮ
ط磬ϣһֻ㣬֪ƻĵɵһأΪһǿߵ㣬Ǻεȵ
ܿ죬ߵİɢȥδҸ׻ɱģƻģû֯Ǹë֪Ǻεȵ޴޴ѧѣ
£̲סЦЦĲ޼ɵ
ƺѾԼŲط磬丸׻׺ƻģ֯ûڵĳˡ
ৣ
Զһ䷿ڴ˶Ц󣬶Ȼ˫ۡ
һ̣Ѫ糱ھˣӿɢǿϢ
ڹȥСʱص䣬ϥ߻ڵҩ
ҩǰ¹˹ߴ˶ģǿҩ
֮ǰ˶ͨǿصҩһͻ۷ǿߣҩʣࡣ
ղţʣҩȫˣ˸еǰδеǿֿԺ;ǿ߲ɱš
ط磬飬գ̩ɽׯǱߣΪĳ裬һΣһὫһڽ£
˶ڷӿھԺطӰЦǵ֮ʼսĴ˵֮ʱ
֡
˶Ļ䣬ԵһͨѶ˴̶
ţ
ͻһĻ˶ͫ˲Ŵ
ΪϵͳߵͨѶǱεġ
˿̣״̬ˣ
ǰֻһοԽΣ˵ǵ
ҵˣͨػȷϵ˵ǵ֮󣬱һʱΡεĿڼҡ
ˡˣ
˶˲䣬ߵﴫ˺ڰ
ֲǵˣ˶ץͨѶʵ
ǡǵģ˶ү
ڰżػ棬ǻӦ˶ȻЩɵֻʮˣ
ʮˣ˶һ
ǵģ˶ү
ڰٴӦȻֱӾǿȥԻصĲʮϤݿ˳ͨصĸֱͨǰӸһ͸ͨˣ
ţ
ٴڰĻ˶ٴһ
ط˱Ԥø죬ͬʱҲøͻȻ˵Ϲ졪ֻʮˣһ·ͨ裬ֱ㣡
˶ͬʱطΪ׵ͻ飬Ѿ˳ͨͨ˸㡣
ɣֲȫԱȥʵɱ̿˺;޸֯ˣ
طͻȻŲһ٣Ťͷ˵

һ
Ϊط֮ǰսﲢûᵽһ㡣
һʱ
ԭط˽ֵʱ򣬱ͱӣڹؼʱ̸ط絹һģ
طİţֱǰļƻ֮ˡ
ǣ
кܲ⣬ɿطĮıɱ˵Ŀҧҧѡ
Ϊ˿̵ط磬·ɱ壬ɱ⣬ľս˿ɣ˿̸Υطᵱȥ
ȥ
ۿɴ˳ʵȥط԰ɳġڶĦڭͿ׵´ӹɡ
ǣ٣
ɳǰӰеľηֱ
Ϊ
һ̡
طһȣ磬ɱڣͬһѳʵ
ָ
·ߣɱ




1680 
ڰʵصĶ㣬Ϊʵֻʵܴ
мһȣÿȼףƣмϽĴţ˳ݿ֤޷򿪺Ͻš
ϽŻйϵͳһ˵֤󣬺ϽŽᷢ
Ƕʮǰˣݿ֤ѱָơĤ沿ΪȽ֤ʽȡڰΪûҪһֱƱ
طӻصʦЩ˽һʶͻÿ䱸һݿ
ݿǴȥĺڰǹֺͺڰѵġ
Уطɡɳġ׵١ڶǺڰݿ
ջʦ˵ڰݿԵصÿһ䡣
طŰɳġ׵١ڶĦڭȣܿһȺϽš
֡ɹ
ϽһɨطǰݿȻ󷢳
ţϽŴ򿪣طһ׵١ɳġĦڭڶȺϽŹϣͬԽţٶȿ硪ϽŵĹϵͳǶԣǰ衣
ͬʱ
ķ
˶ѴӾлع񣬲ߵ磬ɿ´кڰȫضڼУסڣ׼ųȥһˣ
Ϊֲ֪Ҫأ˶˹رڣֻжһڡ
ǣ˶ү
ܿ죬ߵдһȴǻغڰӶӳ˹صĺڰӳ
£غڰӳ̵Ƶת˶
ʮӺЩԭ鲼ĺڰǣһ飬׷׳ŻصĶڳȥ
˶үֲӵ˷ÿˣֱǰʵУطǰֲǰʵ
ͬʱĺڰٴ㱨
֪ˡ
˶һȻһ߳ȥһЦط磬飬㵱ʲôط˾봳
£˶ס棬Ȼ󿴵䡢ǶķͿάҲѾ߳˸Եķ䣬վķ⡣
һĻ˶ֱ˹ȥ
ȻǺڰٵңָصĺڰ޷ָĴˣ෴һжǿΪ
Ҿ֪žһģ
ķߵ紫
Ȼֲ֪ʲôˡӡ֡
ӡ֪ǰְֹĵط
Ȼǲˣǿ϶ǽž塣
㻹һִŵĺӡҺпΪǵĵǰѪ²£
迴˿ʱ䣬ԤѪʱ仹ʮӣ죬֪Żô
¡
һᶨؿ裬Ϊž϶ץߵġ
֡
һΣ˵ʲôߵٴһ󴫳˼ڰ˶үҲֲӵˣҲʼжˣҪڶڵֵܡ
˶ĺڰȥɱЩˣЩ˵ʵӦòǿڶûбҪˣûпܻųȥ
ڰĻ㱨ֱڡ
ѸӦ˶䡢ǶķͿάϢ⡣
ǣˣ
˶һʱȻת
裬ʹڷúǸ֮ζѪɣڻطǸ齻ҺˡȻҲɱһĹڽ裬㣬ʳѪ
ͬʱõӢģڣȴһϲͨ
׼ȷ˵Ϊ˵Сûѧġ
׺ѧĵʱԣѧϰһֳ裡
á
ͬ롣
Ϊ׺丸ںڰĵλܸߣ˵
֪׺丸뻪ѧĶԹҲ֪˴ǰĵҪطڽ¡
ȻҲ֪ʵΪġ
ллˣ
õڵлüĿ֮Щ˷ܣƺѾȲŲطˡ
軺վ򻶻
ƺʶʲôŵһţŵñ۾ֻ¶ʪСԴ԰׵Ŀ־塣
ټǿԽžױȵΣֻһĺӡ
һĺӣŮħͷѪ³ܲ־壿
Сû֮ǰǿˡΪҪԤʮôţһжеĽž度ġȻǺܿͻȥġ
˻Ŀ־壬ǹճ˱ЦݣȻųָ׵֣һץס˻Ĳӣָ״˻ĺϡ
ʵָֻһĺᱻƣѪֱ
ÿʳѪġ
ӣ
ʱ̺ޱ߷ŭɱĺͻȻͬһը죡
ŭӰ֡
طŰɳġ׵١ڶĦڭˣͨг˶˵
Уطٶȿ磬ֱķ䡣
ǵġ
һ̡
䡢˶ǶķͿάˣҪֱӳ䣬衣
Ϊ
ղŵĻ
ŭ




1681 ħֱ
ط磬Ѿͨ˵Ѳøǽжˡ
һΧڵķ紵ݶܲ
ղţĻǡһжеĽž度ġ仰жϳСǻˡ
Ϊ֣ȫһ޶ֻģ
һСΪžҪҪǰȥ
ǶԽžֵ裬ҲطԲ̵顣
һ̣طŭħȫ˶䡢ǶķͿάˣֱӳķ䡣
һĻðɳġ׵١Ħڭڶ𾪲ѡ
ѼʶطǿƣҲڵǵܹ֮ܵطɱ⣬֪ط϶ǿƳ֡һ
û뵽ط羹Ȼ͸ɣȫ˶ˣ
Ҫ֪ͻ۷ǿߵ˶֮⣬˶Ĵ˰ʵԶ۷ǿжĴڣ
Ƕ𾪣ο˶ˣ

һ̣˼ʶطֵ˶֮⣬䡢ǶķͿάͬӿֳһͷ
ǿĴˣ
ϣһ˭ǵĴڣ
趼һ
ܸоطϢڼ򷿼䣬طҪֱӳ֡
ȫԤϣҲĶΪ֮һָͣ뿪˻ĺͬʱüͷüĿ֮ŭ⣬ɱ⡣
ΪŮССܲµĴڣ֮ƾǿѧ츳ΪһǿĴڡ
ĳ˵ϵ۵ĳһֱһǿߵͬ͡ŵԱľηС
ڸղţط羹Ȼ֣
ֽȻķȲʳѪˣǾִط磬Ȼͬʱʳط뻶˵Ѫ
֪
ͬʱһȡ
䡣
һ׻ѪҺȴܲԼǻˣΪĵһжѹ
Ϊ׻׺뻪֯ѧĶԹ֮ǰҪطڽ£ƻġ֯ѧ磬û֯ѿ
ڸղţصԼֽط硣
һ£俴ԼȫطӣŭͬʱҲΪطѰ·
ৣ
ȳһֱӭط硣

طһŭȣѪ·ȼƵģʢˣھӿž˶˲˼£ͬһս˼䡣
䣡
ŭȣطұȭգȭ֮ھӿһȭӭ䡣
Դѧǹһʽ
̣
ط纬ŭֱ֣Ӷˡ̡ɱУͬʱ߶غѪط
Ϊھˣһ̣ط綯˳˻ҩ;洫ȭ֮еơ
ΪԱΪǹ
طǹŴսս񱼹Уŵ˴̳Ѹ͵һǹ
žžž
ɲǼ䣬ձ
طǰĿըֲľ磬һȭ磬ϯȥ
ţ
طͻȻƣͫ΢΢ŴһĨ⡣
ȻطҪеĸΪǿ
Ȼ
ԣҲֻѡ
ûܻǱǰ֮ƲΪֱһֵնط硣
ѧ
ն
ΪطһȭСӣطľٶŭ䣬Ϊһʤ
һ̣Ҳûбһֱľѧն
䡪
촫طȭͷֱֵײһƶɽײƾˡ
ɿµھӿ桢ɱײײΪ׷Χ֮ڣ˲ըΪգֲľϯķ
ž
ž
ž
籩УصĽŲ
ĵ˲䱩ˣÿһµ涼ѿ
֮⣬Ѫھײұ۽ӲһƬͨ죬ڱѿϳž
ô
ǵģ
ΪҲû뵽Լڶնǰ£ǵûлط磬Ǳطˣ
û뵽ô
䲻ͬطֻ΢΢һ٣ǰͷ
һ̣ѪھȣǳȴһɱľѻᣬûǼķ䡣
ҪȾˣ
֨
ʱŴ򿪣ɱشӷ߳
ӣ
Ŵ򿪣ط翴Ļа˿ͬʱһȣٲֱ衣
޵С
ֱһȭ֮Ҫǿƴ򱬣


1682 Ը

ԭΪط֮ǰǾ䡰ӣջ𣬹ʶʱûʳѪ׼Զط֡
˿̣ĸ֣ŭɱ
һȣ˵ͬɽ緢һ㶸Ȼֲѩ׵ֶȻӳָſצ״ָ絶һ㣬ץطĲӡ
ŭҪһץסطĲӣֱӸطĺʳطѪ
䡪
ӦһĿձ
طٴκһȭھתӿȭγһھУǰըһˣɨ衣
ǹʽ
죡
ΪطжϳȺ죬Ϊ֮ǰɱΪطŭħطһΣֱӶԴ书ǹйǿ졣
طѧܶࡢӣ۹졯ڵڶ
һǴʦҶڵġָ
⵹ǡ׻ȭȭ̩͡ȭѧǿ󡢾ΪǹطԼʵ
ϣû˱ϤѧͬʱҲǵǰ׶ʺѧ
ţ
طһȭĿֲһͫ΢΢ȻצΪƣͼƿȭסط͵һȭ
䡪
ȭײٴδһľ磬ɨķ
飡
ɨķţֱӱˡ
ͬʱȭƷ룬ǱһиʻĻײһ㣬µķ˲ܿƵسȥ
ž
һըѡ
飡
˵ڶֱײ˷ϣӦײ
ž
ž
ž

ӵ˽뷿䣬һˣֱ˷ǽǣӺݺݵײǽڣͣ

⣬䡢ǶķͿάˣ˶Բ۾ĿͶס
һ̣ǵϳŲţ
ǿ谡
Ȼطһȭˣ
ǣɳġ׵١ڶĦڭˣҲͬЩµؿ衣
ȻǼʶطĿֲʵΪطӦǵһǿߡҲ޷˲˴жҪԭ
طֱ֣Ǻ䣬Ȼ裬⻹𾪲ѡ
Ͼ֣൱һԶ͵ȫͬĸ
𾪵עУϽǽ壬ײðȥһ飬֪ղһνֵķ֮ǶôĿֲ
ֹסˣɫȴǿ䣬üĿ֮ŭ⡢ɱѵȻ޴棬˲䱻ȡ
û
𾪣
ΪǿˣԼʵžԵģԼһ޵С
ղţȻطһȭֲΪ

طһȭõˣֱײϷǽڲͣ
⡭ܲ𾪣
ͬʱطҲ΢΢Щȡ
Ȼûжþ洫ȭ׺ʹ߶ڵĻҩʱսˣһȭԻ֮ͬеκšͬߣܵסһȭ
ֻǱˡ
ȵͬʱطβֹûм裬Ǽ˻
ţ
ղŵĶһʶ¶ʪԴĴ۾ɵؿǱ裬Ǹо·ʣʲô
ȻȻСԴ𰸣طѾԣһѽ
㡭ǽž𣿡
طľٶջĿ⣬ͷŽߵİףЩɵʵ
ţǽž
طͷϵŭ˲ʧӰ٣¶΢Ц
ž壬Һ衢ѻ˵𣿡գĴ۾ʵ
ţǻؼҡ
طٴ΢Цŵͷҿʵʲô
ͬʱط簵д߶ھɢڵĺڱϻ֮󣬾Ͳˣںʢھ
ž壬ҽл
ĵЦ˵Լ֣ȻŤͷԺؿ裬ɣҾ˵ˣžҺ衢ǵģһȺͳͳץߡ
˻
ղţΪطһȭˣӶط籾Щ棬ûгط籧ϻʱֻ֣۴롣
˿̣Ļֱõ
ΪŮǿ˵طһȭҲͰˣȻһСѾͷ
Ϊܾǣ̫ˡ죬ǶҪǵѪΪҵʳ
˵ţڻӦʵĿطϣط³
ûлӦ
طûȥһۣȫĴڡ
СԴʵı˯һᣬѻץߣٴ衢ǻؼң𣿡
õģž塣ɵصͷ
طԣٷϻֱ̺ӽȻԼıϣ̺ӵϵ䣬ȷ䡣
ط磬ò˵Ҽ֮ˣ
迴һĻŭЦ
ʵ޷طҪԼʵжôţҪôĿŸҴŻɱ
ȥ㣬
ӦǾŸ֡
ط米ŻһοڻӦ衣
Ҳǵһۿ裬ڿһˡ


1683 ͽ
ң
طǿƵĻЦЦһ㣬ЦȻʵеǿһ㣬û´Ļղһȭ۷ɱˡ
ţ۷ɱȻһˣû˵Ұ㡪ſɱң
裬ңҪһڽ£
Ļ£ڷ⣬ٴγ룬Ŀȴطϣɱӿſµɱ
ԣɱҲϲȥʳ
ͬ
Ϊ֪׺丸Ӻͻ֯ѧĶԹҿóԸղűطһȭɣŭɶ
һ£ھܾ䣬ǶĲΣĴԹޡ
ⲻһŽᣬӰ쵽Žᡣ
οһʼʱӦ䣬˿Ҳ÷ڡ
֮⣬طӶǿƿڣҲҲЩ桪˭ǰǸһţ
ǻˣ
ۿ佫Լɰϵ⣬ط粢δŭ෴ھ»֮ϵŭ⵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮侲
һ̣ĿͶ䣬´
ܹܵԼŨɱ⣬ļûκνЩΡ
Ż˵ѪҺӲΪǻˡ
Ȥؿط磬俪ڻص
ǻ׺Ķӡ
Ȼŭ죬δڳֱ֣ӵԼݣȻҲգ죬Ҿ㵱׹˶֪Ϊʲôġ
꣬Ҹǻ֯һţҲǸëͽܣǸëȴ֮֯λƻǸӹšҸһŭ֮£ѪϴҶң뿪ģ
˵뵽ʲôЦˣ˵ҶҾǸʦҶڵҶҡţǸʦҶΨһҴߡ
㸸ף
˵һУطѹȥŭٴαӿϣϵɱ糱
֮ǰͲƻڣ֯˶ԼʦҶΡ
Ҷе֪걻¹˹Χ֮طʶΪƻĺͻ֯ھΣΪʱûбҶҶһľűһˡ
ֱ˵ȥһ֪֮ҶΧвδƻĺͻ֯ھεҪԭ
ԭǣ֯꽻ӵ»׺ӣҶ֣֮Ϊ˻׺йĶ
ǻ֯ǸëƻǸӹţ
ͬһɱضط磬һһ˵ƻĴ㡶׻ȭӡţ죬Ȱһڽ£δҸ׻ƻĺǸë
£ӳһѱ
õ丸׻׺͸ĳǹŴѧ׵
õǹŴѧĳλĳʱĵ
õа죬ҪƷѧ֣ʧܣ׵ȾѪ
ﬣ
һʶȻУѩ׵ĵг֣ɢɭϢ
飬
ʣƺܵ׵Ӱ죬ɱ⳹׷ڣ˫ͨضط磬ŭȵ
׻ȭɱ㣡
ط״ֱȡ洫ȭ״ϡ
ಣ
䣬Ӱ
Ϊ֪ʦҶط磬ٴŭħϻֱӳɱ
Ϊ˸ƻΪ׻ȭɱ壬Լǰ˵ֱ㶯׻ȭеġˮ
Σ⡣
ƻĴط׻ȭѾһʱˣطѳ׻ȭľ塣
һ̣ط米Żͬһͷˮ棬ư磬ƺƵٶȿ硣
׻ȭ

һʽ׻ȭеɱУʽעơ
׻ȭľҲڡơһֹ֣ԽԽ̩ͬɽѹɱˡ

طЦţֱӱٳб

һնǰĿǱгһӣһĵ磬ɨط硣
Ȼ
طȴδˣӭŵ͵棬ֱ˶ϡ
һɨط磬㱻ɢ
طڸ˶УȻ΢΢һࡣ
ৣ
䣬е׵һ׹⣬϶£طն䣬طµĲӰһΪν
һնգһ˳õطи
Ȼ
ط죡
طڲ֣ܿͬΪצһץյ
׻ȭ
̽צ
ž
ձײͬʱ
طһץס
һУȫԤϣϾڶǿĴˣɱḻӦ٣תھȻһҪط𿪡
Ȼ
طͬһǯסη޼¡
ֱƵĺնеı˺еٶȡ

ʱطֻƣһն׵
ﬣ
ٴδе׵طһƻУȻѹֱ֡
ԵͶԣǵڶ
Ͷ綪
׵֣ɫ䣬ӳ֣ΪһֵطԴ
ò˵Ϊһڶˣʵǿ󣬶ҹݡ
ԼΣʱ̣ðطϵķգǿƳ֣طɿ󣬷طҪֵնС
һطܣطֵ֣ܿĻᣬٴץס
ԺХֵطɿγһ
䲻ͣȥץ׹ı

Ȼ
ʱطͬƵһת˳𣬱ֱߣű̺ſµھһӣѸ͵س䡣
׻ȭ
β
һ̣طͬһڿзľ˦βˡ
һУط罫졢ַӵ쾡£ȫһֲ
ৣ
ɫ䣬·ӵͬʱΪֻý˫ۺǰеֵ
顪
һ̡
ٴδ
طһ˫ۣµھͬӿɽ飬к
Ӿһ˫ض𣬵ɶ
ղţ׻ѪҺȴܲԼǻˣΪĵһж䣬Ҫطһڽ£ƻġ֯ѧ硣
ڣطƻġ׻ȭˣ
һС
𵶡
߷ɡ
С


1684 ͽ
йɶ
˵Ľֹ̿Ƹӣʵڵʯ֮䷢

һ̣衢˶ǶķͿάסˡ
Ȼط佻ֵٶȼ죬輸˵ʵȻԽ̿һ
˵ȫǵԤϣ
˶֮⣬˶ʵ
ѹûڶ׵ȫֵǰ£᲻ط磬һй󶪵е׵طһ߷ɡ
ǣɳġ׵١Ħڭڶ˶Щȡ
ط佻֮ǰΪطӮû뵽طֱѹ䡣
˶ˣο䱾
ɶ˫۷顢ʹѪѿźײеˣطĿгžǸо·ʣôôǿ
ಣ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģط粻ͣһΣһٴγɱȥ
ҪȴֱӴ䡣
Դˣ裬Ƕάķûг֡
ΪǶ֪еִ˿̳֣˿Σڳֺá
ΪҪǣڶݵ𾪹󣬶ף˫ֳսطǿ˶٣ֻǲɱӷḻԳʱոӾȷ
ңֻǿȥȽǱûˡ
ο仹ɱûʹã
ǿһսûн¹˭ֻδ֪
飬ɹŭˣ
ʱһѸٴ߶ڵĻҩͬʱĳط׼طƴ
ȻҲʶɱﵵĻ޷ƥط硣
ž
ŭƮȻڵϣѪȻڣϢ˲䱩ǡ
ƹ£˫۷죬ƤҲһƬͨ죬ҪѪһ㡣
ţ
ͻı仯طͫ׶Ȼδֹͣ˲˵ԣһȭ
֮ͬǰһɶõƻġ׻ȭ

һȣһ˫ֺʮһطХȭ
ɲǼ䣬˵Ʒ˷츲صı仯ſµɷһħա
һ䲻ļͬʱﵽ۷壬кһļ
ġһʽ˾ǿ

һնХƾչ˿磬ȫط֡
֮ͬǰһЩط֮󣬱㱻ɢδطκ˺
䡪
һ죬ٴײһƿֲŰ
ţ
طȭ˲䱻һɿµ͸洫ȭ״ݣһʹҲһ𣬶ܿƵسȥ
ž
ž
ž
طסΣѪһ󷭹
һˡ
ҲԴӳһνطˡ
һΣ˫ͬһ㶤ڵϣ˿ȫռϷ硣
ðɳġĦڭڶͿ׵˶Щ𾪣ǲ֪ΪͻȻôͣղŶõĳǿѧ򲻿ܻط硣
˶Ҳͬ뷨
衢ǶķͿάǶ֪ղõѧҲ֪ѧʽǿ
Ѫɷߵ
ʹ׺޶ʮдľѧ
þѧߣ費ϵɷ壬ѪɷɷѪ֮С
һ֮߿ڳ֮ʱɷھ֮УɷɶԶɾӰ졣
ѧĻԭ
ѧΪµĵطڣ侫֮󣬿ԽߵһһǿֱһеھɷƱնɱˡ

һ伸ûͣ٣һط磬ٴ𣬻Ϊطٳڶ
һƱȵһҪֲˣһٴط硣
֮⣬طԼܵӰ죬׹ĵĸоűϢͷ·һħƥС
ৣ
һΣطûӲƴǺһ㿪ֵ
һ棬˿̶õĵܹ죬ŷھ̺Ϣ
һ棬á׻ȭɱ䣬á׻ȭĻ޷Ӳ
飬ܶ㼸
ڶգƳױǣȫǹط磬ֻһȻͣ٣ֱӱٳ˵
һȵڶƸӺƴǿ
ط編ƣٴκն
һ½طµĲӰϯʮףֲ
飬ҽһô
ٴŭһȻնĵ
Ը
طһȣٶӭ䣬һȭ
ǹʽ
죡
һȭط綯Լд书ǹǿɱС
Ϊʹõ书ֲһһǿԼá׻ȭ޷Ӳ
һǼʩչȥΣ֮ҶԼӪʿܴ
䡪
ٴײһ
ײ˲䣬طۼ֮ϵھ˲ըγһھӿ
ɲǼ䣬ɿµھһ˽µĵֱըµľЩשɨķӵɨ䡣
籩֮У岻ܿƵسȥһƬͨ죬ѿѪʡ
ٴαطˣˡ
طȴԭأһδˡ
ԣǵͷһסˣȫһͷռݣ⡭ôܣ
ಣ
طʵжش
һȭ֮ط粻ͣȻ
ž
գۼ䣬ط˵ǰһŶڵϣڿնһֻӥʳ£һɽȻ¡
׻ȭռɱ
̩ɽѹ
Σգ
ξѣֱۣն嵶
һִٳ֣ΪղӲƴѪھȣԶǰ
飡
طϥǰֱӽֵײͬһɽؿϡ
꣡
ĶϹǰ߹ӦϣŽݣѪӿ

ͬʱطֻצͬ̽ȡһ㣬ѸͻӳһץԴϣָھӿͬһӲԴ֮С
ۡ
ѪɽԴ˲ѿ
Ѫɷߵ
ֻ嵶㱻ط򱬣




1685 Ⱥսʼ
̵Ѫؿڡ͡ӡͷ˿ӿȾӡ
һ̣ϵĿѾʧӰ٣ȫȡ
ΪҲû뵽ԼڶøھѧѪɷߵն嵶ɲط硣
ΪƣѸţϾҪȥˡ

˶衢Ƕάķˣסˡ
ڸղţؿ䶯ɱﵡѪɷߵ磬ȫѹط磬طֻǱ֮ûУת֮䣬ƶתֱӱطɱ
ּٵת䣬Ǿ޴𺳣һֻĸоϳŲţ
ţ
顪
Ӧǵһ졣
ݺݵ˵ϣһҳ鴤Ȼʧȥ
ƹ£˫ͨ죬ɵùԲĲʡ
ȻģҲ޷ܣطɱ
һڶˣҲŸոճ
ļƻҪһĻᣬطڽ£ȻδǳսУ׷游׻׺Ĳ̤ƽѧ磡
Ȼ
ȥ㽵һУͬˮ¾лվʵ֡
طƮȻأȻϡȾѪ
һĻڳÿһˣû˿ڣֳ˹İ
ž壬û°ɣܿ죬һ۵
ط米̺Ųһӣʵ
û£˯˯֮󣬾ܻؼˡ
ط˵ɭɱͻȾѪģγ˽Ȼķ
õģž塣
Ӧţ֮гױȵΡ
Žž˵һС
ͬ԰ְ˵һУŲɡ
İְҲǽž壬ɰˡ
£Ƥܿͱˡ
ڹȥЩһֱڵµУҽΪˮϴòգѾ˼㣬ط֮ǰھѻ뿪
˿̣طĺϣܵǰδеİȫУ糱˯
ط˻ȵĺ֪˯ˣ㽫ĿͶ輸ˡ
˿̣ûп˵ʲôʤ
Ĭעӣ˶Ƕάķһֱϵĸо
ˣطɱˣְɡ
طĿ˶ʱ˶ͷһæ迪ڣ֮ھ֡
ĸȥԸˣң
迪ˣɭ޵ϳŭ⡣
֮⣬ϻһ˿⡣
һڶˣǻ׺Ķӣһʧ
ɱط磬Ϊ䱨Ҳֲʧһصܲ򻪲׺Լĸ񽻲
ǣˣ
˶Ƕάķ˷׷
̵ʱɵǣ
طͬˣ´ĵһ
ǣ٣
ɳġڶ׵Ҳ׷г뾴η
ȻǴһʼţطĶ֣طչֳǿơǿ󣬶ٴǣ˲ĥӡ
ǼطԴǴӮⳡսΪطΪС
ĦڭıЩŹ֣ƺʲô
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ƿ
ڰһȷ
У˶̫Ĵڶ

˶һֱǰ¹˹ġȭеɱСޱƿֲ
Ȼͻ۷ǿߣԼʵžģ̫ǿˣҲҵģһȫ֡
ڶ˶ɱ㲻ֱӭϣͬһȭ
䡪
ɲǼ䣬ȭͷҵײһ𣬵˿µľ磬˵һ֣Լͬسȥ
ƽɫ
һ˶ûռϷ磬Ҳ֤ǵʵڲ֮䡣
䣡
䣡
䣡
ͬʱǶķͿάҲ׷׳ˣǵĶֱַǰɳġ׵ٺĦڭ
ͬ˶ڶһ˫ײ󣬾Ǳúˡ
ǵʵ޼Ƕǿɱﵣð˵һǧ˰ٵķƴʱԷֳʤ
ţ
˫ʱͣһ£ʶؽĿͶط硣
ȻǶͨ˫νֵĽжϳⳡսĺطVS衪˽ֵĽⳡսյĽ
ʤڳ֣ɨһ
طʤ˶Ĵڽӣ
ط磬ûɱĻҿԸһĻᡪҵг裬ڣʧȥᡣ
ʱ迪ˣɭ䣬ɱⱬֻɱ㣬ſʹ˺͸׽
˵ֻˣˡ
طޱؿڣƽˮǿޱȣοΪԻһУԭҪ㣬ֻ˸Ʒ


1686 һȭ򱬣

طǿƵĻһ
ﬣ
󣬰һ죬ıʣ죬Ѫ˽
ಣ
ʵһâطɱ
ৣ
ͬʱһسɴһ㣬ط硣
Ȼ֪ýʻɱطǳ˵λѹܡ
Ľʶ޷طκ˺
Ŀģýʸط硪طɽʣܣ¶
Խʵʩɱһ
ò˵Ϊǿˣ費ǿʵ˼ܣ֮ǰơ
ԺХĽʣطǱʩ˶һ㣬վԭأһ
͵ʼطԴʱȻӳһѽץУһ
ಣ
ֶżɱȥ
֮֮
һ̣طĽʣ裬ٶȼ졣
ţ
طķӦȫԤϣ˿ѾӵطǰѶҪط֮ǰö࣬νǰʯͷԼĽš
Ȼ
Ѷȼ󣬵軹˼µķӦ
ĽŲȻһ٣ټͬһ޹ǣԲ˼ķʽŤһ£ܿӭĽʡ

ܵͬʱеıȻն
طҲԼܽʵĻᣬתΪѸٽ
һնֱ˶ط磡
ɫĽһ⣬ֱӽиһֲ
ն
һҲϾѧ
书ĸҪԱ
书Զ֮ϣʵҲ֮ϣһԶ֮ǰطһ
ţط޷ܿ͵ֵһ
ţ
Ȼܿ죬ͫ׶ȻüĿ֮𾪡
ΪطȻͣˡ
ǵġ
һʻȻɲ
𹥡
ɲǼ䣬иֳ֡
ط֮֮֮󣬿Ҫͬһܽʵʱ֣ʵ𹥡

·Ϊӡ֤жƵģطڶݵ֮ͣȻڳͬʱ˳ȭգһȭԴ
Σգ
𶯣æֹסΣȻҽǰ³ܿطһȭͬʱ˳ƱУնΪ̣ɫĽУֱӴطϥǡ
Σʱ̣÷ḻɱͳķӦУֹνһʯ
ţ
ķӦЩطԤϣһȻȭ
ž
ͬʱطһŶڵϣըڿնͬһɽһ衣
׻ȭռɱ
̩ɽѹ
֮ͬǰɱʱһطҲƻ׻ȭռɱС
ȴźܴ
ԸʱطִִҪ׻ȭɱ䡣
˿̣ΪУطűУ̩ɽѹʺϵʽ
ɲǼ䣬طڿУϥھܲǰԴ
ৣ
ɫ䣬˫һǰһŵأͷǻһš
ڻѧšķʽطϥײͬʱһãбͼ϶µشط硣
һתΪķӦȫݡ
Ϊ˫˶֪ط֮սǾԵģʶǶûٴչԹڹۿһս
̫ǿˣ
طۻҵĽת˫˾𶯲ѣͬʱҲΪطΣˡ
Ϊ˿̣طڿУ޷һˣ
Σô
Уط·ϵƵģеı𵽾ʮȳʴ̻ʱҽȻһȡ
ž
ط̤ͬ࣬һŲڱĽϣýѹĴ̻ͬʱӷɵøߣ޷ˡ
΢ɣͫ׶ȻŴ
ΪӣؿطڿԾ֮һֻʳӥֱ˶ٶȼ죡
쵰
һȣһͦױŭ
Ȼطֵͬʱȥɱ˶
˶ıطûɱǽΪĳ裡
ৣ
ͬʱ˶ʶʲôɫ䣬ʶسˡ
Ȼ
ط轻ֿʼѾıŻɱ˶ˡ
ղĿڶ˶Ľ֣ʵڲ֮䣬ڶɱ˶ܡ
˶плԻװõģɱΪ޴Ĳȶء
һ£طô˶룿
ž
طȻ׹£˶µӰӣµը
ಣ
֮ط粻ͣ٣ӵֱ˶ͬһ硣
񡭡˾ң
˶ȫˣܹԲطٶԶ֮ϣ¾ֵسȡ
ң
ֽ׷ط磬ͬʱŭ𾯸ط磺ִҪô˻ɱ˶ĻضҵĽ£
ô
䣡
Ӧ˶Ŀձ
طڿ֮Уұȭգһȭ˶Դ

˶ĴȻƾսܣӳ֣ƵֵХȭ
飡
ۡ
ȭײѪŽ
˶˲ըһѪ⡣
ţԴҲըѪɡ
طһȭ򱬣


1687 ɱﵣ˫ֽ
̩ɽׯһս֮˶бî˾ִҪɱطѩܡ
طһһ˵ս˶˦˼֡
˶֪У裬̱չ£òͨװ¹˹ҩͻ۷ǿߣ׼չͼ
һΣΪһսڰĵ̣ĸװ¹˹ͻư벽񾳣ڳ񾳣λһɳ졣
緢裬ûбֳϥҪط磬ϴˢĳ裡

ֻǳ䵱˿ͣ㱻طһȭ򱬣ͽ˵
طʵ֮⣬ҪΪطʵ̫ͻȻ
ڣ˶Ϊطں輤Ҳɱѹûط轻ֵĿ϶˳֡
Ͼǿ谡
ֲɱ˲ʤ
طðգ
ʵȷˡ
͵طһȭ˶ͬʱŭµ裬ֳֹӵıһӰط
һŭ֣ں˾ɱ⣬СļһļףȫطĻᣬƱҪطɱ
ɲǼ䣬طбϢ֣ûоŵضֶȻһһҪͶĶ

迴طľٶͫ˲ŴŭһæУһȥԶҾһ亹
Ϊղžطʵ̫ˣ
Ȼ
һ̡
ɫٴαˡ
˫۵ɵùԲҪһ㣬ޱߵŭӿԴץ
ΪطղѹûͶ
Ҳ˵طղŵľٶ𹥣Ŀǽˡ
ңط绹һץס˶ͷʬ壬µضɿ˶Ļóһɫңװá
صԻװã
ţ
ֻһۣط㷢֣Լ֮ǰԻװáķҲһ
ط粢֪ܹԻװã˶ԼһһΪѹûá
ţǽصˣ޻أ㽫Իװض˷
⡭
͵豻ýץͬʱǶάķĴˣǰɳġڶ׵ٺĦڭˣоǳױȵ𺳣
޷طжôǿƺͼǿ࣬Ÿղһϵǿ˼飡
ŸʲôĶץս
طԻװãڴֳİ
ɱ㣡
طĻ䣬Ȱɳ˻Ӧһ
ΪղһУʵ̫еͷŭˣʮּϸ
£Ѫ·ȼͻȻǣɢǿΣյϢ
˶áѪءˣҴ߶˻ҩֻҪǵֵƬ̣طɱɺɨˡ
Ϣ仯Ϊһ˵Ƕ´һѿάķͬʱҲڸ˴
ಣಣ
άķæǶߣǶ˳վλԽлλ
ɱ
ɳļ״ͺһֱ׵١ڶĦڭǶˣչһֲɱ
ͬʱطҲ߶ڻҩͬʱͨѪطڸϢðڵ˸оϢ仯
ˣط綯˳ˡָ֮еơ
һ棬ܹʵ֮£ɵġ
һ棬Ϊ׵ֲǱ߻۶ӡ
ԭļƻԼŰɳġڶ׵ٺĦڭˣΪ׵ֲӶԸ޸֯ʹ̿Աʱ䣬˻ɱ
ĳ֣ļƻΪӪȺͰһЩʱ䡣
жϣΪ׵ֲӻɱ޸֯̿֯ĳԱò˶ʱ䡣
Ͼ˾޸֯ǿ˰ң֮⣬˶Ƕǿߡ

͵طڵĻҩЧͬʱƴﵽۣһͺȣطǰٶȱ֮ǰ˽ɡ
ৣ
˵ӡ
һбһѪ⣬طԴϷʮȽǣб¡
һɶõġնٶȡǶȡ˼£Ϊֲֹһ
ۡ
ն䣬Ѫɽ
ıжһ㣬ֱӽ˶ͷʬء
ط˶ͷʬ嵱ܣԼ󳷣ܿķâ
ɲǼ䣬豻̵Ѫһ˿⣬Ǿ͵һڣضͬഩָ֣ط磬طдɱ
һǡնеİɱʽں˴̿˵Ĵѧ裬һ޷νӣٶȿ쵽˼£ȫطĻᡣ
ʮףףס
һ̳ɿطľ룬Ľȫط֡
Σգ
ط𶯣ûоš
һף
͵طֻһ׵ʱطҽźƣ֮תܡ

ӡıطŴĽ̵ط˫۴ʹȫ޷ν֮ա
Ȼ
ط轻˲䣬ͻȻһڵĶ̽Ѹ͵شطࡣ
˫ֽ
ֻ֪һһˣ֮⣬û֪ҲýұֻҪֲ
ɱ֮һ
ܹ¶ɱﵡ
죬ѡ͸ط磡


1688 ɱ
طܶ˫޷ͬʱͻȻһѶ̽ط࣬νͻȻ˼¡
طƾ͸Ӧܹⰵеһʵ̫ˣ̫죬ȫ޷ܡ
ͻȻһҲǾɱһ
ˣҲΪ˶ɱﵡ
֮ʣطûͽ͵ȥ衣
ǵġ
ɱһط粻㷴Ҫײȥ

ͬʱطָ̧ۣʳֱָھӿͬһԴ
ָ
һ̣طȻԼǷᱻɱһɱҲԼĵơ
Ҫ
׼ȷ˵Ҫ費еĻ̴ܹط࣬Ҳ㲻طֲһָɡ
طţ費Ҹ
ʵ֤طĶˡ
ৣ
ۿطҪɫȻһ䣬ֹͣɱȥ
ղһˣ轵ҪͬʱջѽҲ˶ˡ
ҽתΪ
طץ׼ᣬһΣһȭ
ǹʽ
죡
ΪҪսپطٴζɱ졣
䡪
طһȭһͷα񱩹ƿֲǰֱըһˣɨ衣
ߣ
ջѽȴû˿ľţһŶֱ̽һطȭͷ
ͬʱҲ֮׼ط类õ˵˲䣬ٳһطɱ
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
ﬣ
طһȭնĶ̽洫ȭ̽ײһ죬һƬ𻨡
ײֵĶֱ̽𣬲֣ҲǾһھת޷νӣ˲ܿƵسȥ
һУƶֳƻΪӰȫطѹƣΪ·硣
㲡Ҫ
һеƣط粻ͣѸϡ
ȻطΪýԵʣڹǳԿģʶҪⲫ
һ޷ýˣطͨȭŽ򱬡
ಣ
Դۿطɱŭ£һǰѹӵѪɫһѪ⣬ط硣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ط·ϵƵģͬƿͬʱ
ط統ɱ̿ǿˣõɫС˲ͲӭХѪɫ
ﬣ
һ̣ɫСֱӱѪɫײɡ
ΪҵײѪɫķй켣Ҳ˱仯ֱط磬Ǵطһɹ
ͬʱطٲٶѾﵽ˼£ֱǰ

طٴζôָһָԴȫĻᡣ
˵֮ǰǹֽطǾɱĻ
ô˿طʤ׷ôָҲǾɱ
Ծɱͬط֮ǰһûͽ͵ضǽһᣬƾսܣٴδ̳ж̽
Ҳѡ
֮ǰط粫ҡ
һΣȲطֵΣ
ۣ
ۣ
һ̡
ѪŽ
طһָұۡ
֮ʣƾֲսܣұۺᵲǰұֱѡը
Ҳұ赲طһָʱ䣬ƫһԴס
ͬʱط类һ˼ͷѪ쭡
һ̣˫˫ˣʧСۣҪصöࡣ
֪һ㣬ʶطУɿطͷĶ̽ˣ
طʶҪ׷ϣزϢֹסΡ
˲ǱˣɵֲӳԱҲսĴˣԭֲӵĶӳط簲ںϽս
ƹ£϶ȾѪЩѪǵ˵ġ
طǰжϵһΪ׵ֲӣݿػɱ˾޸֯ʹ̿˵Ĵˣûһˡ
ãû
ɨһֳΣǷһĨЦ˵ĸȥЭĦڭǣ˻ɱȥЭطУɱǸŮˣ
ã
սĴͬӦȻֱӼս
״ͷһ˵ת㳯񱼡
ȻΪǿɱûãѾʧȥ˱ʧȥСۣء
һǿɱﵣҲδؿԻɱط硣
οط˿˰֣
ֻ·һ
һ̣Ȼİӻصͨ뿪ڵִ֮󣬵õһȨԻװúͽͨ
꣡
꣡
꣡
ͬʱϹȺ
սĴ˼ս֮ǶάķĴ˲ˣ׷ױɣش
طУû°ɣ
ɲδ׷裬ط󷽣ĵʵ
ಣ
Ӧɵһƿ
ط壬ͬзһ㣬˲ơ
䣡
󣬿ձ
һȭطµĲӰֲ˳ȥԶ
ţ
ͻıʣÿеһпϲ
Ȼ֪ΪҪط磬֪ľѻᣬҿ϶ܹӳȥ

ɳġ׵ٺڶ˼״ֹͣ˹ԭأͬʱһվǳô
Ǻǡط磬鷴ӦȻ㿪һȭ
ӦǵɱϷʵһֿ˵Ŀ⿴ط硣
ûϵһȡ㣬Ϊֲӵָӹ٣


1689 ԡѪս
ৣ
ϷʵɳĺͿ׵˲һ䡣
ж֮ǰԤϵΪ׵ֲӻ飬һķʱǻǱˡ
Ϊɸϵʱʵ̫ˣҲ̫Ŀŵˣ

ڶһ¡
̫ǰδжΪ׵ֲӻط練һ
ΪˣһУеޱ𾪡
ڶȻ෴
Ϊӡŷڴ˵Ħڭ֪ᷢһС
֮ǰΪطֳǿƺǿ˾ᡪǷҪ׷ɣ
ǡ
˿еĴ𰸡
ΪطҼ类ý̴ˣѪأʵۿۣɵս˵Ķ֡
ǶάķˣԭΪҪˣ˿̿ɶط֣ʶһڧˡ
ǿһ˿ϣ̬չͬʱѰĻᡣ
ɣ֪ڸʲô𣿡
ʱط翪ˡ
ŻϲµĶ̽ѪϵӿĿضɡ
ڸʲôҸղˣҲ˵ˣţҪɱ㣡
ɹЦţгϷʣңƤӣͲµһ㣬ҲصؽҺҵ֧ȥʵô
뵱ֲָӹû⡣жжҳ֣ҼпܵǸŮ߻
ط侯飬Ǳϲ֪
ôܻᱻϲ֪Ϊ˭ܣ
ɼЦţָĦڭĦڭ𣿡
ط磬Ľļգ
ĦڭЦһӸ𸴡
ɳġ׵ٺڶô
ٴοѯʣǽһ޿֡

ûлش
һ̣ǰɳġ׵٣ڶѡ˳Ĭ
ɳġ׵һʼֲָӹٵλãط硢ɵʵ֮ѡұطǿǿ壬ѡطָӣԱδԼӪܹܵػúô
ĳ˵طǺϵͬˡ
˿̣طƲᣬעҪطĺȻҲֹˡ
ڶ
Ϊ̫ǿ˵ʼԼʹ䵱ߣ˭ճΪֲָӹ˭
Ϊһ㣬ط絣ֲָӹٺ󣬶طΨǴӡ
طѾסǸλˣҪȻҲ׷طˡ
û˻ܡţˣ˶ΪǱ˻ɱġ
˳ػеˣӪʣ¹ͣ˳µسΪֲָӹ٣
ЦжսȻ󿴵輴嵽ſˣ¶Ħڭ´ĦڭǸŮشʵʣ࣬ȥɱˣ
ǣ
ĦڭһʱɵĹԶ֮ǰط硣
ಣ
£Ħڭһ׷衣
ɳġ׵١ڶǸɵ飡
´ڶĶǰɳġ׵ٺڶˡ
һַ̣ʽˣͬʱҲ֧ӣ˵㣡
ã
ɳġ׵ٺڶͬӦȻɫӵؿطһۡ
ԣǸͺط磬ط絣ֲָӹ٣ս
֪һжˡ
顭

ۡ
ܿ죬ҽѪŽͬʱ𣬻һΪ̶
Ϊ˵ǶķͿάΪ֮ǰˣ˿ѹ޷ֵɳġ׵ٺڶĹֱӱɱˡ
սĴˣǳûɵطĿ̺ſ̹ĵĺͷɱ⡪ֻҪһ£Ǳȥط򱬣ѩܣ
ط磬֪һʼʱ䣬ƣΪô
ʱٴοˣĿط˿ϣط˿ѪٶԼЦ
ûлش
طղûг֣ɶԻֻһ㡣
Ʋᡣ
Ķ̴̽ļͷѪţһսɺܴӰ졣
򣬰·ôܸ٣
ͽɴˣ
˵źɽ̸Ŀ϶߻ڻҩҩЧҩ˿ԼǱʱս֮⣬ҲһЧ
˿̣ɿڲط˼طԲαװɿͳĿҩһţȻ飬˿ϡ
֣ɱ
һĻɵͫ׶Ȼֱ´
ǣ
սĴ˵һʱȻ׷ȥΧط磬ֲͬѵӪһ
һ죬طƾһ֮ɨΪ׵ֲӡ
գֵΣ
ۡ
һ̡
սĴ˽طһ°ε˲ڼͷĶ̽Ѫ쭶һ
ա
ԡѪսݣ


1690 ͽ
ಣ
طγͷ̽ͣһ̽һâХӭսˡͷ󺺡
ֲѵأҲǵһطֵġ
ﬣ
ͻȻĶ̽ͷ΢΢һ٣ұһж̽һ죬һƬ𻨡
̽ҵһߣطʱѸٽʣҩͿĨ˿ϣҼѹ⣬ʱס˿ڣﵽֹѪĿġ
ֹѪطӦеĵһ
Ϊ֪ϵƳ˻ֹӰ֮⣬ҪѪţӰھתս½ɱǺġ
ҲΪʲôɱһˣܿᱻɱԵʡ
ಣ
ֹѪ֮ط粻˷ӭǰĹͷ󺺡
һ̣ΪܵӰ죬ٶȱ֮ǰҪϲ٣۷ǿ֮ҲƵϼˡ

ɲǼ䣬ط˵ͷǰ˳ָۣʳָһָͷ󺺡
ָ
طһ֣Ŀǰǿɱдָ׼һָɱ֡
Ϊ֪ĿǰƶΪԳƵʮա
ȻʱֹѪ˿ƱػڳֲɱĹбʱѪţӰսʱϵԽãѪԽأսԽ
սپ졢ֱӵķʽɱսĴˣȻɣ
ĻҪӥŮ˫ȫ壬ĻҲ
˿ɣΪ˴ﵽаĿģ©̵ɱ
֮⣬ָȻֲɱС졯ͬھĲأʹá
ৣ
ۿطɱҶõջɵľѧǰĹͷɫһ䣬ͬʱͻȭֻƾսܣϽ˫ۣᵲǰ
飡
طһָڹͷϽֱм䣬µھһ½ߵĺϽֱ𿪣кߵؿڡλã
꣡
ɲǼ䣬Ϲǵ
ͷ߹ǶѣֱӵɶûѪƬֻѪ˿
ţ
֣طһͫ׶Ȼ
ȻˣսۿۣһָԽͷ󺺻ɱȴֻ˵˹ͷ󺺣δͷ󺺵ࡣ
ৣ
طԣͷ󺺺սˣɫһ䣬ϵ𾪱طй֮޲
һ棬ǶطˣΪطսƱػܵӰ졣
һ棬ǽȫװϴսĴսףսײԵֵӵھá
һ£طһָ𿪹ͷ󺺵˫֮󣬻ܸսףƵͷ󺺵ھͷ󺺵Ĵˣܲ𾪣
ǣսİɳġ׵١ڶ˶Щ𾪡
һ̣˿ɣطû˵Ļղһָɻɱͷ󺺣
֪û
ͨط統һָɺ͸ղųֶԱȣжϳطսֻʣ߳ɡ
ɺʣµսȴ۷սһƵսס
֮⣬ؿطΪղŵĳ֣˿ٴαˣѪٴӿ
һսطûκʤ㣡
š
Ƥӣͽ͵ģ
·Ϊӡ֤ǵжƵģһͺ
ಣ
Ӱ
Գˣ
Ϊطڸ˵£˹ͷ󺺣һսˣ
ɱط磬ڿ׵١ɳĺڶеҲۿۡ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ɱ˵طǰһȭ
һȭֱӶսȭɱСս񱬡Ͻȭͷһ½ҵըȭȫط֡
ৣ
طһΣӲܿɿֲһȭͬʱٴλӳһָɵԴٶȼ졣
Ȼ
ɷ·ϵƵģ㲻ȭֱӺطָ
飡
طָɵȭ֮ϣھк
ɵֶۡǺϽģطȴδֲѵһָɵȭͷ
෴ֱָˣָһƬͨ졢ʹѪһ󷭹
ʱɲͣ˳һطؿڡ
طæָ֣ΪƣԼǰ
ž
촫һŴطϣµľطƣҲطֱӵɶ
һطȻδˣȫ·磡
ҲԴͻƻ֮״ͬŵʱ򣬱ˣ
¡˵£
飡
ɵط磬ؿԼΣǽڽϽֱײǽϡ

Ӱ棬ٴطǰһȭطԴ
ǧһ֮ʡ
طȻһͬҰèһԣܿɱһȭ
飡
һȭںϽǽϣֱӽǽð˽ȥһȭͷ״ҳơ
ǣطղûмʱԴᱻһȭ򱬣
Ƥӣ㲻Ǻǿ㲻Ǻǿôӭ
һȭҿգգһϷʵЦ
һ̣ٲȻԼ棬طӣӵóġ
ûлش
طٴͳһҩ飬Ѹٵط˿ϣͬʱٴ⣬˿ڡ
ͽá
һĻɳġ׵ٺڶ˲Լͬð뷨
ͨطղźɵĽ֣ѾطĹѾ޷ɹвˡǿɱдָУʽ͸ûˡ
һط绹ôɴ
οʱţطƻԽԽأ
Ƥӣˣȥ
ϷһЦȻٴط硣
һΡ
طûжҲûǵͺһ
𣿡



1691 ԹŻɽһ·
ط绰£һ٣ͫ׶ȻŴĿطǸɫңװϡ
ֲж֮ǰͨѶʦ֪ԻϵͳһػһӺըӵͼĨȥ
һ̣ʶΪطеĶԻװá
ɣõԻװã
ʱɳġ׵ٺڶҲһĻǰ߸ֱӴѣӡ֤ɵĲ²⡣
һ쳹ֱɳͣ˽Ų
սĴˣҲ׷վԭأ¶Ų
ط磬㲻Ҫ
һĻΪŽ͢ǿ˵Ŀ׵Ҳˡ
ʱգѾ׶ԶȡֲָȨˡ
ԣطɵ˭ֲָӹ٣ҪҪ
ǰط硣
ɳٴοˣͿ׵ٵ̬һޡ
˺󣡡
طûлӦɳĺͿ׵٣ضɣӹɣζŨ
ƤӣҲĸԻװáϻսѺʮĹǸ᣿
û˺󣬶Ӧͬʱضط磬Ҫط˼
ҶҪˣôࣿοˣŹҵսѣ
ط˵ţȻǲ˺ҾԻװãһ군
һ
޶ԣط硣

ɣ˺󣡡
ҪĻ
طӦɳĺͿ׵˱㼱ˡ
ΪǵطѪǿƣҲطϿ˾Ȼ

ط缸ͣ٣ֱͬʱʳָ˺ɫİťϡ
ˣ
Эڵͬʱκˡ
սĴ˼״Ҳ׷׳ȥ
ۿΪ׵ս˺ˣط絥ԻװãȻɿشӻͳǵ绰
ս֮󣬺ڰȡ˻صźΣطǵ绰ϵ硣
Ƥӣ㱨ô÷ѾˣѾ˻صźš
ɼ״ѵûз֣սʼ֮ûյЩ˵κλ㱨ô
ɵĻطȻ£ǳŲһɵĵ绰ͬ˵ѹûźš
Դˣطֱǵ绰ȻͳһҩƿеһŻҩҩֱһڷ£
Ϊ֪µֻоָƣͻ۷ǿ߾Ϊ׵ս˻ɱ޷Ͻǰ֣
ط֪㣬죬Ѿ˾
ԹŻɽһ·
ѡ
ɿطľٶҲµط˼û˵ʲôûóȻǰת飬תŴԣ˼δԼһط֮Ľ֡
~
˫ʱ֣ͣðɳġ׵ٺڶ˿ֻøղڹŹػһȦ
ǣ嵽ſڵ裬Ҳɿ˽񾭡
ȻѾ嵽ȵľͷط˽ԶˣҲطɵĶԻ

谵˿֮ϽĴǰ΢΢һ٣һɨɨݿ
һ죬֤ͨϽŴ򿪣һֱӽ
ͬʱĦڭҲǰȻٶ£׷衣
Щԭʻ˵Ʒǹֺͺڰȫڵսȿյġ
ǿƣٶ£ηȵľͷ
һڵǽڣʵһȰţźһͨ
ͨͨ
ܻһڰͨʱ򣬲δƻصʦƣʦӵġ
ͨͨ򺣵ϱߣֱͧߡ
ǿҵٶ˿ڲѪҲ˿ˡ
µٶȣＸӰû¡
ηѺ޷ӰŴ򿪵
󡭡ǣŮˣȥǵʺòã
44ηĸͷɢس嵽ηǰҡηţ
ȺɷүŹǵģǻⱨӦģ
ͬʱǳ׾ˣ̱ڵϣŭš
ৣ
Ӧǵһƿ
軯һӰ44ηſһ
١ôӲģ
ţĦڭҲҲıӰЦѡ
ֲ֪ͨϢͨ˶˶̬ȣжϳǿˡ
£ɱ裬أѲĶ֡
뵽ǿҪԼУĦڭܲ˷ܣ


ĦڭĻ£嵽ηȵľͷ˲򿪡

ͻһĻĦڭͣ˽Ų
ৣ
費ͣһֱӽ밵ţѸٹرա

Źرգֻ֪Ҫط粻ԻװãԼͲˣ³˿
ͬʱҲһɻ
طս֮Ľָδƣ


1692 ã
ۿŹرգĦڭлع񣬽һΣηȾͷ
ܿ죬Ħڭ˰ǰź޶ȥһȱǽڡ
Ħڭģժ²ݿŰŻζ˼£ûκηӦ
ҡ
Ħڭӡŭ˼Ȼͷߡ
Ȼʶˣǵصֻͨ˶ͻĵĳԱͨ
ȻѾ˰ţڷĴ˶ʬȡݿҲ޼¡׷裡
㡭ǵ𣿡
󣬾͵Ħڭߵ44ηſڵʱ򣬻ĸ׿ĦڭҷĦڭϴžװ
Ȼϵֲľװ֪ǾװسԱĴԵ
شǸоˮ֮ץסһžݡ
ȡȾǣ
㣬ǳȥ
ֻҪҳȥҿԸǮܶǮ
Żĸ׵Ļ£ηʶʲô׷ſηǰȡ
Ħڭûĸڵȣ෴ܷüͷһȥ
Ȼûнʵϡ
طΪ׵ս˵ĶŻڼ˫ʮס
طϥڵϣڽ߾ȫػָƣͬʱҲڰгͻơ
Ħڭô£
ۿĦڭһ˻üʵ
طڣҲǽĿͶĦڭȴĦڭĻش
ɴʦػһţηȵľͷӦǻصͨǸŮ˽˰ţͨˡĦڭһƵ˵
ԭΪԼܹɱ裬ȫѧ磬δԸԳ
ৣ
ȻĦڭĻ֮⣬ս˵ɫһ䡣
֪һУӳȥֲڹؼʱ̶ط練һȥϲӻôͷֲӣ
һ򲽽ϲӰǿ󣬲Ƕ֣ķأ
ɳġ׵ٺڶɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ȻĿͶɡ
ȻǿɶԲһϢجݣ

Ȼŭһ֪ԹĦڭ²Ϊ߶ջ
ɣоŻΣΪʱֹͣ޴Ϊü
Ӧܹ뵽ǸŮһ뿪Իһʱ佫һȥ
ʱط翪ˣضɣļƻѾʵˡ
죡
һͺ𣬴طĻһͷŭʨӣŭĿط磬һһƤӣǸŮɢϢĻĿڷˡôЩ˻ôҸ㣬ֻҪжΪ֤ǶΪһı
ҵļƻֹͣ
£ɵĿطĻϡ
˿ֻ̣¶˰Դ˻˯С
֣һط磬ⱳŵŮţãҵ棬ɱ᲻ǲһȤ飿
ûлش
طͷһδϣһ޶ԡ
еװýңҿǻ뿪
ضط磬ٴοڡ
طɳĬ
ĦڭղӦÿŮˣȥǸŮ˴
ɼ״ֱŤͷսĴ˿ڡ
ղţ˻ĸ׺ѵʶ֪˻η
á
ĦڭµͷȻתȥ
ط״۽ǼûпǿԼ侲ȫ˺ͳͻơ

η
ĦڭղûκһʣЩڴźţϣܹǡ
ǵģô
㣬ǳȥô
ΪˣĦڭȥٴλصηʱηըˣʶڴȡ
֮ͬǰһĦڭδӦûȥЩھпϣһۣǾֱ44η
ܿģĦڭ44ηſڣͣ˽Ų
ûĸסѣʶõɴ۾

ǶʶʲôüһؿĦڭ
ǵע£Ħڭǰ˫ִηŵϣ߶ھӲؽ˰ǿˡ

һУĦڭָŻĸ׺˵õӢ
áãллǼҵĴˣ
лллŮ𣿡
ĸ׺˲ӵصãһ߸лһߴη
ĦڭûκλӦȻ󲻵˸Ů½˻ȥ
ţ
Ħڭٶûĸ׺Ѿһ㶡
ĦڭһԲ˫ֱץסĸ׺ѵĲֻСһȻš
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ĸ׺ѵıˡ
еһ˿ǸǣȴǵĿܲǻȵã
ͬʱ
ĳ»أһʮĺӣűװһװ߽˸ûٵİ칫ҡ
һҰսӵξҲǻĸס
еľװú룬żöѫºһݴְ档
׳ΪͥԭְҵĴְ;װ׼
칫Һ󣬽װʹְϣȻ˫Ų£̧ͷͦأŻصپ
£ְֱۣ棬˫ֵݵǰ
Ҫȥźͺ𣿡
ûȥӴְ棬ǿǰĺӡ
Ϊһξһվˡ˶һ˿˿̣ؿıЩˡ
֮⣬ԭ¶δйĽǡǡֻţмεİˡ
һУֻΪѾ֪ԼšӺĸڷʧٵˡ
飬һɽһѹϣѹΪһľ˵ļҲѡ뿪İľӪ
ǵģ׳Ҫȥ
ۣش
£ˮƶ㲵ӣȻ¡
Ӫڶᡣ
һΣĸ׵زִ޷ȥȻȥʱ򣬸Ѿᡣ
Ƕӣ׵һֲٰġ
һ죬ڸ׵ķͷӣʧʹޡ
һ죬޵˺ѷΣ޵󣬶˵תҵúչӺͺӡ
һ죬Цᣬҡͷ˵һ仰ймң㰲ıҡ
Ϊ仰طӪ
죬ȷ뷸кٴ뿪Ӫľٴˡ
ǰ͸ϼ׳Ӧ飬Ȼ֪ӡӺĸ֮⣬жʮĹһͬ˷С
˵ͣһ£ְȥǣҵܾȻ𣿡
׳ҵǣȫȣȲҲ
۽ǵˮһᶨ˵
ְûȥɣҲšӺĸѾȥˡվ˵
֧ӣ
һȻʶʵ
սСɵֲӡ
ٳ˵ţȻһٵľ񣬡ңһὫ˴ؼң
ллл׳
ٴξȻ档
֮ǰͬ˿̵Ǽˮ
Ϊ
֪
ǻսԱʥ
ǻսԱе
ս޲ʤ




1693 Ӫ
ĴŻڼ
طϥǽǣ˫۽գһпõʱˣͬʱгͻ۷ǿ߾硣
һͻƳɹҪ˵ɨΪ׵ֲӣǾǿˣҲһս
۷ǿ߾ı־ǣġȫԲ
طСغ壬Ѵﵽ˼£Խ۷ǿ߼ޡ
ͻƻ֮󣬱㽫ѧڻͨдȫѧġǹѧĸͬҲԽ۷ǿߵļޡ
ΪԹһֻоǿϵʦдԼ书
ƻġ¹˹ͽ׺ˡ
ط磬򣬶Խ۷ǿļ¡
Ψġ
ģָģ߶Ҳ־
ط־෴ԳƵԲȣҪѷɫöࡣ
Ҳٳٲͻ۷ǿߵԭ
طӰͻƻһ˺ܾãֱؼ̫үȥĵõϴӺĥڶ¼կӭսʦͽʱһͻƳɹǿƽ˻ɱ
ڣ˵Ŀⶼطϣǿط˲ҳͻơ
ܡ
е뷨
ǿط粻ڶ̶ʱڻָƣһͻơ
Ϊǲ֪طսȻ۷ǿߵļޣڿ羳սʵ绹ûдﵽ۷ǿߣΪطڳͻƾǿ߾磡
һǿߵĴǿʦһǵͻѶȼ˵ҪʱıչسҪػֹ߻ħ
Ϊط粻ָܻƺͻƾ磬Ӽɵط嶯֮»صԻװãʶһֱûг֣ĵصȴĦڭ˴
ʱᵱطͻ棬̵ĥͻɱˣط罻Իװá
Ȼطղ˵ˣʵɿطһ㲻ںΪʲôֱڻŻ
οս;طоرעطرڻģݺϳģȻˡ
һ£ţطԻʵ
һУôһƬţ

ܿģİһơ
ϽŴ򿪵
ĦڭֱַŻĸ׺ѣһŴ
ĸ׺ϥ¶ڵţһ·ȫˣѪ߰ߡ
㡭ĹˣҪȥŮ
ͻȻĸ׿ڳĦڭʵûϴʹһ֪⡣
˵һʼ뿪44ηʱִӵõĸоôʱ˿ֳ̣ȥ
ΪǸĦڭԲǵġ˲
ûлشĦڭûȥĸһۣȫĸ׵Ļ˿
ĦڭĳĬûĸеĲͿֻųֱ˼ĦڭΪҪĸףʾ֭Ҳ벻һȻ
ţ
󣬵ĦڭŻĸסȹ֮󣬻ĸһۿ˴վ˺üˣһмʬ塣
Щ˶źĦڭһķΣкˣаˣΨûлˡ
Слľ𣿡
һĻĸʶʵ
С
һΣĦڭڻӦ˻ĸףɭЦݣиľصԻװãȰ˵ҪҶҪ
ľԻװãΪʲôҪ
ĸһԼĶ䡣
ɷǻľˣԾʮغ;塣
ţһֱĬĬֺ֧;ĻľˣĦڭ˵顪Ի٣˶
ȰصԻװãôװ֮ǰܻһúʹ࣬ᵱŮ档
ĦڭʣϵЦŨ
£Żĸ׺ͻѣ߳ȣһ̤
ಣ
ʱ
һƿȻ
ԭȶط磬ȻڳĦڭ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬˻ĸ׺֮⣬ڳ˵ɫˣ
Ƕطľٶû뵽ط羹ȻʱͻȻ֣
ಡ
֮࣬ɺû˵սˣһȫط硣
ΪǶطҪûشɱĦڭӪĹ
Ȼ
ˣ
һ̣طȫϵƣȫ߶ھٶȷӵ˼£գ֮䣬Ħڭࡣ

Ӱ֣طֶȻһӣָۣʳָ罣Ħڭ
ָ
һ̣طٴζԼǿɱУ
Σգ
طֲһָĦڭͷһʶɿĸ׺ѣͬʱѡܿطķâ
ǵġ
طˣ޷ӳ۷սĦڭȻҽطһָ
ΪطȺôָɡĻĿĦڭ˾޴Ӱ
ûӲطһָ
ž
󣬰һ죬طͣ½Ųȳӡͬһɽһ˻ĸ׺ǰ
ͣ£һ
طٴԻװãһӹɣ


1694 ˮһս
طһȣɺսĴˣԼͬͣ˽Ų
ȻиǣطԻװãҲ־ˣǲҶġһط·ߣһᣬԻװãһ군
̫ˣҲܹܵģ

ͬʱ׵١ɳĺڶ˾˿
ڸղһ˲䣬ǻ浣ɵսĴ˲֣
ط磬ʱˣ㻹ʲô
ͬʱĦڭסΣɫΪѿǸоȳԷʱһֻӻҪơ
ΪԼղűط羪ˣһܶ˵顣
Ͼطˣսۿۣ
ˣҸطС
ˣ
طûĦڭûȥĦڭһۣ۶ɵսĴˣٴοڣӹɡ
ûж
սĴ˼״Ҳûж
һ
ۿ޶ԣطֱӱ
ƤӣΪԻָƣΪͻƾǿߣ
ŭ£ǧû㵽ط羹ȻصԻװ÷ϣԴҪЮͶ
Ļͽطˣ

Ӧɵֻһ̶֣
㡭
÷ζըˣվû˵ʲôǴսĴ˳ȥ

ͬʱĸ׺ѴӸղŵлع񣬿ط米̺¶СԴ¾ȻΧط󣬲ȥ԰׵
û£ֻ˯ˡ
طͷҲδصؿڣȻ˿϶뱧ֵǿԽȡˣ˵ſڡ
طĻʶҪȥ⿪ط̺ӡ
裬Ҫ⡣
ĸ׵һʱԼĸףȻĸһɻע£طܵܣ㱳ŮɡţһԴ뿪

𻶻ĸ׵Ļط粻һ
ܵܣҵİҲǻľˡ֪ǻȥҺİȫУҷġ
ĸٴοڣϳǣмᶨ
ȻǰΣҲ벻Щط紩һ־װˣΪʲôҪԸط磬ĸ׵ҪЮط磬ףطбиӰȫ
á
ط̵ػӦһ֣ɳơ
һֻ̣ĳұˣŸж
ж֮࣬طֲ˺һǺ档
õġ
ĸ׵һʱӦȻĸףط˵תȥ
طֳԻװãԵ˵ķʽ
վס
ʱһͺȣɱȻƤӣ㲻ҪǾԲܣִҪƴԻװõĿܣҲҪɱ
ط۶ɣͣ˽Ų
Ϊ֪ɿ˼ͨͨͨ뿪
һ򲽽ط粻ͨ뿪ĸ׺ѽ֮ҲὫɵ˵ıо˵
һɳɱʣ򲻿ڸǵࡣ
һع⣬ɱսס
ô鷢
ͬʱĸ׺ѿطͣ½ŲҲͣ
˵䴦ҡ
طûлͷֻ˾
Ȼ޷ڴԶȽȸӰȫ
ϾͿռɵ͵Ϯɱ죡
á
طĻĸ׺ܸɴشӦȻԼĸҡҡͷʾʱҪ˵ʲô
һУĸףǰȥֱߵȵĹ䴦ͣ
طڴȵӿٴ
ڶ
ɼ״˫ȭգͻȻһ
ɴʦôˣڶڻӦ
սӦýˣȥֲ͸˵طǹЭתʣ
˵ͬʱضط磬ɭ̵Цݡ
طޱ飬ʵϣһ̣Լ౻һֻ߬У۵޷
Ϊ֪޷ûĸ׺вԼ֮󣬸ıĿ꣬ҪӥŮ˫ȫͻвԼ
ɴʦⲻ̫ðɣ
ڶҲµɵ˼ɫЩѿ
ڶһˣ֮ǰѾѡѵҪƷԼѡôôĻԸ
ͳ˵֮гɱ⡣
֮ڶȥӥ˴ֱӽвΪ֪طʵеһ֮ǰڶǸ֮жطΪĵģطͻֲӳԱΡ
ãȥ
ɵвڶ˲ЭˣͬʱǸؿطһۡ
֮⣬ϻŻ⣡
ԭطֲӵĳԱһҴϱЩʵŶӵĳԱ
жʼ֮ǰصط룬Ҫ빥жǣڰҪɱЩרңԻɾǿߣҲûã
طڶ룬ڶ
˿̣ڶˣ֮ǰǸԼⱲ޴ľ
ƤӣڷԻװýҵĻҿսѻšţҺ˶ǣǱɱġ
͵ڶתȥͬʱЦŶط磬Ļܿͻῴսѻһһúܲң
ûлش
Ҳûд𰸡
һ޽ѡ⡣
Ϊط翴ԻװãҲŹӥˡ
һ򲽣ԸһҲҪԻᱻ𴩡
ãããҵҪαװʲôʱ򣿡
ۿطһԣɺ޵ϵɱҲ֮øŨҡ
ط粻ᣬٴα˫ۡ
һΡ
˻ָƣǴʱ䣬ȫ۷ǿ߾硣
ˮһս
ɹʡ




1695 ӭ
͵׼ӥŮ˫ȫͻ嵱ʣвطͬʱѾƵͨͨľͷ
ط֣˺أΪ˻Ĺһֱٶȷӵ£˿ΪѪأɫԲ԰ס
ԶԶģ㿴ͨľͷһյأյװֱ
Ϊغڰ죬ӵжǿʵĹ˹ڰȺʱ
˶ŵġ
˶һСĽˡ
ʼռᶨһսԼһţ׼רù˹ڴ˽Ӧ
񡭡ˡ
˹ڰֶˣɫ԰ףӭȥһ𾪵ؿڡ
Ȼ
ȹ˹Ļ˵꣬㱻ϣ뿪
ˣʲô˶үأ
Ļ˹ʶˣδڰֱţѯ˶䡣
Ȼ֪ŮҲһǿߣжָӣϾǺڰˣ˶衣
˶ˣ֮⣬˶ˣɫĮѿ˵

ɲǼ䣬˹ڰɵˡ
ζû뵽Ľ
쵰Ÿʲô뿪ǶҪ
״ŭһٹ˹ֱţԼ뿪
ǡǣˣ
˹ŭѣûȥʲôӦȻڰֱţֱ
ǻ֮󣬹˹óһɫװãİť
ǡ
ţһƵ𣬿յǰǽںȻмһΪ򿪡
ͬȾͷǽһյǰǽҲһţͬǰúϽ죬ǴʯͷɵģΡ
ʯŴ򿪣һڰڼʻλϣѸٲֱȻɳš
һ޼ʵĴ󺣣ûκδֱֻһֻӥҹ֮УԶ

һУҵĳ£˿ͬʱ׿һԶȥĺ̲סԼǸطѾ˰ɣ
ǵġ
һ̣ӿֳ˵Ĵ𰸡
ط类һͷսһ֮ԿΪ׵սˡ
ӿ֣иеޱȵҡ
ΪطԶصøΪǿ󣬶Ƕıһ׳ɳΪجΣ

ͬʱ
ͬжϵһϵսˡ
ֲɹڻսЩڰǹ֡
һ棬ЩڰǹʵޣŶս޷ֲᲢۡ
һ棬طսؼЩڰǹֽӵ˶ȥ»صĳڣΪ˻ӣ˷սԱ˽ӡ
ΪߵͨѶΣӥڣֲսԱڽս֮ûóȻһжԭشͬʱ뾡һа취ϵط硣
ڶ
ʱڶɵ˻صĳڣڱݡ
һ̣ϳ㡪ǹͬʱ׼
ЩǹսԱҲͨ׼վڻسڵĵȷڶ
ӥǷֲӵڶ
ֲ˫ȫǹӥ㱨
ط粻ڼ䣬ֲӵսӥָӡ
طУѴӻ˻еˣ
ڶϵĺʧٴοڡ
໣
ɵƯ
䣡
ڶĻ£ЩսԱǴ˼Ѫһ㼤ﲻ
ΪصͨѶźűΣطУ޷ȡϵصת
սԱǵĺʧ֮ڶοڣһΣٷϻֱֲȫԱҽأЭתʣսԱסسڣͬʱԺܽо䣬ֹµĵ˳֣
ǣ
ӥڣеսԱǴ
ȫ嶼Уװͻǰسڣȫ̾䣡
ӥܿ´ڶĻû˿ɡ
Ϊţطеܹ
ͬʱжϵһڶǻֲεһλˡ
ǻǰӥôֱ˵´
ǣ
Ů˫ȫͻ˵һʱͬӥһڶĻû˿Ļɡ
Ӻ
ӥʶӣ˻صĳڣڶ
ɡ
ڶӥһۣһĨھΣȻ󿪿˵
£תŻȥطŻٶȣĿӥܹϡ
ӥԣһƣȻŮˣڶ󣬽ء
ڶʦҡطУû˰ɣ
ǰĹУŮ̲סʵ
ϰԵҪ˵ʦܿʶʲôĿΪطУ
طУһˣҪڶص

ڶĻش𣬳Ů֮⣬ӥҲ˿
ȻǶطԴݿػɱˣлٻһЩģ˿̵֪طֻһˣ׷
ڶʦʶû°ɣӥֿʵ
ʰȫڶͷ
شӥκεǣϻ¶ɵЦݡ
١ȺӣôĶӴ
񴨵˫ȫ죬÷ԴȤ
һڣӥϵЦݸŨˡ
Ȼ
һ̡
ϵЦ˲ˣ
ΪԴȣһ۱㿴طȾѪϥڶȿڣɼˡ
⸱Ļ棬ʶ˲Ծ
Ƥǣӭ
·Ϊӡ֤ǵĲ²ƵģɲǵĵȻתɭЦݡ


1696 絶ն

ɵ󣬵ڰĴԵø̶ǱЦݣһëȻĸо
ˣ
ɱĻӥŮ˫ȫͳϵЦݣ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮ǵء
ǲԼͬؽĿͶط硣
ৣ
ͬʱط˫ۣüͷӥˣ˵ʲôȴؿڷ£ǿʲôƵģһֶ˵ڡ
Ϊڸոչȥʱ߾ȫȥͻ۷ǿ߾磬ûгɹ
˽ӥ˴Ҫʲô
ӳ
ʦ
طĿӥ˵Ŀڿ֮˲ԼͬؿڣŮ鼱֮ºʦƺ
£ӥ˲˷ֱӳطȥ
ǵġ
Ƕ֪һȦףʶᷢʲôȻ޷˵سǵȾѪӰ
ǸˣǵĶӳ
Ǹˣǵֵܡ
Ǹˣǵ
Ǹˣǻĵı
һ̣ǲ֪Ǹս޲ʤĻıΪʲôӣǶ֪һ𲢼սֵˡ
ǲܶԼֵܣ
ܣ
ǡǵͦʶȤģûߣطǸƤһֱͽ
ɼ״ϷһЦȻսĴ˵ȥץ
ǣ
սĴ˵һʱȻһӰӥˡ
ӥʶҪǹ
Ȼ
̧еĸǹսĴ˱ѽ
ৡ
һƿսĴˣӳϽĴ֣ץסӥ˵ĲӣӥСһֱӽ
Уӥ˫ȫһţͳһţǰŮš
ԣ
һĻط˫ȭգǽյֱ졣
һ̣ȥɼ˴򱬣ӥˡ
ֻͷûи֮ж
ΪǸһ֣ɵ˵»ӥ˶Ĩɱϣ
ʦڳͻ𣿲Ҫǣȫͻưɣ
ʱŮطϵʹŭҲͨطϥµʲô´˵
ûлӦطеھκʹֱ
Ǻǡط磬ò˵ͽܻͦ˽ģȻµڳͻơ
ɲطϵʹ࣬ЦţǾʹʼɡȻڻԸһᣡ
ԲŮ
ط˫ȭ˫۷ؿŮ˻Ƶ
ʦùңţһͻƵģһԸұ𣬶ô
ŮʶҪʲôû˿Ŀ־壬һЦݡ
ǵġ
һ̣Ц
ЦݣȴЦ˫ۣЦᡣ

¡
ֻ뵽㲻ܿǰǸˣеޱȵʹ
Ϊ
Ǹˣֵܣһһ˳񣬰ȫشǻؼң
Ǹˣ̻书̻θõؽսսΪսС֮սڶĴڣ
ǸˣеİʱԼҪŬ׷Ĳǰǰ
Ǹˣϲˡ
ֻĬĬؽǷϲĵףκ˷֡
ܣ콫ױᡣ
һ̡
ЦݣףԼⱲӿϲôһˡ
ҲᣬδʼҪȥİ顣
Цţţעţ뽫ǰǸ˵οԱڵܵظҲܹ
ġ
ط䶯ᣬѵ˵֣󣬵ᶨ
£۾̵ȾѪļӣʡ
ٴξ񣬳ͻơ
ǡǸ˰ţƤӣʱˣ㻹ͻƣҵҪʲôʱ򣡡
ɼ״ϷʵЦţȻ󻺻Ů׼Ů
֣бɱүү
һĻ˫ȫ˫ͨ죬ŭĿɣŭ
ţ
ͣ½ŲĿɨ˫ȫ
ɱүү֣үүҪһüͷӣ
˫ȫţŬȡԼȱɱĻᡣ
ȻôµôԸ
ɱ˫ȫĻŭˣı⣬һ˫ȫǰһӣһƳ˫ȫ
ž
һƳ˫ȫϡ
һƣûжھҲֱӽ˫ȫȧǴˣֱݣѪģ
ޣ֣ľ㱾𣿡
˫ȫ˱ˣ˺üӲŻعȻһѪˮɡ
ԴһƫɶȻЦ˵ǻо仰ʮָģ˵ҽָͷһһϣ㻹᲻蹷һУţҾ㲻ᣬɱ㡣
£⿴һط磬طȻ˫ۣ޶ԡ
˫ȫѪ׼˵ʲôڣɱץһֱۣȻסʳָ
꣡
ۡ
һ죬˫ȫʳֱָѣըһѪ
Ȼ˫ȫȴͣһԡ
ʮָģۣ֪ʱ򣬲ܷǻطӰ죬Ӱطͻơ
ӥŮ塢Ȼŭ˼£ͬҲûгֻ˫ͨ죬ؿš
ۣ
ţ˫ȫĵڶָͷϣȻûг
ۣۣۣ
ĸ
ָͷȫ֮˫ȫǴһ㶶ţ亹꣬ȾѪ䡣
ܼǿ
ɼ״üͷЦһȻһץס˫ȫұۣһ
˻
ɲǼ䣬ͬ˺ѵ
ۡ
Ѫɽ˫ȫұۣӲ˺

һΣ˫ȫվ̲ȥˣʹؽһ˻ƣҲܵͳ
Ϊµһ̣Ҳڽؿơ
˫ȫʹӥŮͳˣ˫ۺˣ
طȻûۣ֪˫ȫ˿ھʲôͬʱĶϲϵػص˫ȫֲغɽ˵һ仰
ӳװµʱһҪȥϲưøҵ֤ˣ
á
ĳŵصڶϡ
ĲҽУ쳹ڶϡ
һ̣ط絶
ûʹ
һַŭ£ͬʱҲµʹ
ԸԼȥ˫ȫ˫ȫȥǷʹ࣬ҲԸԼȥ˫ȫ

ڻ̲סţȻطǸųǿˣǵûиһսҺսѣǰȥ
˫ȫȾѪֱۣĴ˫ȫȻ⿴طһۣƤӣ˵˵Ķ𣿡
ûлش𣬵طھҲ
ͬʱط󱳣̺ĻǱ˫ȫղҵĽˡ
ž壬ǵ𣿡
Ťһ£Ȼſڸ޴ȫеĺϣʵ

طӾһ
Ҫţ
ǶҪţ
طŭȻԭҵģͻȻƽ
ôƽ
һ̡
ʹٱˣٸе
г֣һ
ţ
絶նطļᶨط־
ʹؼҡ
һƽȻ𣬴˴ݵİ
ৣ
£ط˫ۣϵƷ
·ֹ




1697 ͻƣɱУ
ţ
ɲǼ䣬ڣ˶ܵطƱ仯ҲطϢڷǿ
ͻı仯ڳÿһˣ
Ҫͻ𣿡
֮࣬жһͷ
ͷ֣˫ȫ䡣
һһָʱûг
Ӳ˺ұ۵ʱ̲סгûзˡ
һ̣档
ǡˮ
Ϊ
ǸޱȾͻˣ
֮ǰһжֵõģ
´˿սҲẬЦȪ
˫ȫӥŮͳҲǼӲˮߵһ㣬ֹס
ͬʱɳġ׵ٺڶϳŲš
ǲţطͻƣ
Ϊ׵ս˺ӡŷڵĦڭһľ
ǣطƺҪͻˣ
ǣýֺͷҲ뵽طͻƣȴǵĽʲô
ƤӣҪͻƣǲܣ
֮࣬һȣȻȻ˫ȫڵϵĸǹͼطɨ䡣
ò˵һյˡ
ȻطͻƣΪԷһ׼ֹ
߶ԣѧͻһΣյ飬ҪȫעͶовͻṦһ񣬶һᵼ߻ħһ书ΪУΪˣֱӱʧصھݻپ࣬
˿̣ɿǹĻطͻƹͷĻʮΣա
طӵȴĽ߻ħӵᱻӵѣ
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
͵׼۶˲䣬ǰǸԭϥӰƴﵽۣɢſµϢͷ·һͷ˯ľͻȻѣ
ৣ
ͬʱطȻضҵļһ㣬ֱɡ
Σգ
ͷ𣬸еǰδеΣ·ǹͷǹˣ
ž
һ̣촫
ط˲˫ȫǰֻƣһץ˫ȫӵս˵Դϡ
ۡ
ɲǼ䣬ս˵Դͬѹһ㣬˲ը
һƣ
սĴˣκηӦûУ

һĻڳÿһˣ
ټĴһ̣ţ
˫ȫӥŮ˫ȫͻˣǼû档
ΪǰһУǣǸǵɰȥ׷꣬ɹͻˣ
⡭ôܣ
ͬʱǰɳġ׵١ڶɺսԼĦڭԲ۾ȫɵˣ
ȻǸղͨطϢ仯طҪͻƣʵʱǵ˾ξˣ
޷طҪӵжôǿĴ࣬ſڸղͻơ
֪ǣǾġ
Ϊûеڶ˿
⡭ЩźͽܣطͻƵʵ
ţ
طһץ˫ȫսĴ֮Ŀ絶һɨץŮӥսĴˣֻǱһ㣬ŵһֱӽŮӥ˳ȥ
һսĴˣͬеĳͻ塣
Ǹо·ץĿżըըĻϾҪ
һУǽ߾ȫɿɡ
֮ǰطͷ󺺣ҲͬѸɡ
Ħڭ
ȫطŵˣһʱɵߡ
һĻطûм֣һѽס˫ȫ
Բ˫ȫܿˣ
ط˫ȫѪģӺͶѵļھΣ˵ţȻӻͳҩ˫ȫһţȻһţ˫ȫ˺Ѹ첲ļͷ
ӳû¡
˫ȫЦˣЦǣ˿ڣȴûг
ಡ
ͬʱĵƿӥŮͳطԡ
ӥ˫ȫ
طת˫ȫӥС
ǣ
ӥһѽӹ˫ȫ
ɳġ׵١ڶǹҵֵܺʡ
һУطûмڳ֣ǽĿͶ˰ɳġ׵ٺڶˣɭͳǵ˽һͷɱУ
⣡
طĻط֮Ũɱ⣬ɳġ׵ٺڶͷһ
иǣط˵һУĻ
ǣ
ɳġ׵ٺڶͬʱڣȻ˲ӵطԣӥ
ͻˣ
ĦڭһĻӲطϢֲʶؿ˵
Ȼһǧһɣطܹڸղͻƣǰһжڸطͻˣҽǳ֣
죬ˣҲȲǣ
·Ϊ˻ӦĦڭƵģطһͺȣֱɼˡ
Ҫɱ䣡




1698 ɱ
֮ǰɵط棬ݲ˫ȫطǰδеĥ尾
ַŭĸоץ
Ȼ
ҲǸʱ򣬻ͻȻڣ۵ڴѯʡž壬ǵ
Ļطƽ
ֻһ˲䣬㲻˫ȫӥŮ弸˵Ĵеھκʹࡣ
ΪӥˣΪ˾Ȱڵʶ
ϲ´ҲɶطЩĵΡŻؼң
ڴڼ䣬ˣҲҧȥϧһдȥ
ͬϸǳսĴôˣһλһλӢΪ˱ստսʤ
һ̣ᶨ
Ҫš
ֻţ˲ܻš
ǸնļġġõﵽԽ۷ǿߵļޡ
ˣġǴﵽ۷ǿߵļޣɹͻ۷ǿ߾硣
δͻʱɿ羳ɱ۷ǿжĴڣ۷ǿ޵еĴڡ
ͻ֮жǿ
ղţѾ֤ԼʵϵƻûȬֻһƣһսĴˣ
˿̣ڵѪ׷ڣȵ˼£ǿµϢ
ಣ
طǹɿµϢɵһת񱼡
һ̡
ļƻɱط磬ȡطΪֲΪȫһһˣ
ҲˣڸղţطʱǶô޿֣طĥͲк˫ȫ
սǿ˵Ľͳͳȥιֱѡսӣûü´ߵͬĦڭ
Ϊط˿̵ϢȫκһǿߡսЩǿߵϢûط˿̵Ϣǿ
ԭͲطĶֻ֣طˣսޣսصشսףռţ޿֡
طϢȾǿߣƱػоǿߵսýֺͷ뵽ط罻ֵĺ
ಡ
һӣĦڭʣսĴˣҲ˵ȿ񱼣޲ó̵þȳȥ
ΪиǣһǱط׷ϣ
ӵ𣿡
طһŭ֮гޱߵŭɱ⡣
طĴӾУ͵ԶʹһֱΪھΡʹࡣ
Ȼ
ڸղţ˫ȫ㸰˳͵ĺ󳾣ǵ棡
⡭еɱ⣬Ũҵǰδеĵز
ŭطسɴ磬֮䣬׷ͷ󺺡
ͷһʼΧطʱ򣬱طˣٶˣ档

еط磬һӣ̽צ״ץͷ󺺵Դ
ۡ
ѪŽͷ󺺵Դ˲䱻طץϡãֱӱ
һɱ
֮ͬǰһطٴһɱ
ͷҽжûзǰˡ
طٶȲŵڶλս˳ȥ
ս֮еĺˡ
գֲѵսеӡڰˣһͬΧط磬طһȭӡڰˣ֮ط˺һϽұۡ
֮սƣ°һϽֱָۣơ
Ҹƴˣ
˴˱ƿҲطϢڼٽӽ֪Լ޷ˣ㽫һᣬһ

˴͵ͣ½ŲתϽұۣһȭֱط硣
ս񱬡
һֱ̣ӶˡսȭռɱУҪطƴ
طٶȲֱ˳һȭ
һȭûжԼд书ǹֻǺͨһȭ
ﬣ
촫
طľ洫ȭ׽˴󺺵ĺϽȭͷ𿪣һƬ𻨡
飡
ꡪ
طȭƲһȭк˴󺺵ؿڣµھк
Ȼǹھ˴ϵսһС֣ʣھݿػ˺˴󺺵ھ˺˴󺺵߹ǡ
ۡ
˴󺺵ؿֱݣ̵ѪӿȾ˺ɫսס
ƹ£ͬĴϺһ㣬ӵɶѪ磬ƬٲȻѾˡ
Ϊطղһȭ˺˴󺺵ɱУ˺˴󺺵ȭͷ˺˴󺺵߹ǣ˺˴󺺵࣬´޽·ҲȲˡ
̫ǿˣ
һĻطİɳġ׵ٺڶɴ۾𶯲ѣͬʱ̲סʣ۷ǿǿߵĲô
壬ס죡
Ӧǵɵ
ǰɣȻûпطɱͬĳʶԼͬѾˣǽٶȴ߶£ͬʱһսĴ˺
סҪȥ
ŭ
ҲжϳطɱԼͬ飬Ҷɱ
˵ʵ޼ô
ο֪ڻңӶȡʱ䣬ôͬ⣿

ŭҲ֪ʱ岻ˡ
Ħڭ͸ˣ
һ̣Ħڭ޲óȣ

оֶջͬʱطƾٶȵƣ׷壬ٴλӳһץĺ󾱡
ղŶɵ˼ջעУȲط֣ѾκηӦˡ
꣡
ۡ
طֻһӰһץסĺ󾢣ȻȻ
ͷѺѪŽͬʱ
طֱĲӣ̵ѪͬȪһ㣬컨ȾһƬͨ졣
ಣ
طһץסȾѪͷ­˦ɺĦڭǰ

ܿ죬ɺĦڭ㿴˹ȾѪͷ­ǰȥ
Ϊ֮ǰûκηӦ˹˫۵ɵùԲϳſ־塣
ǶĿ־壬ꡣ
ڿ־֮УŰûڣ
ƺһ̣˹аûطΪС
һĻɺĦڭģͷһ𣬻ëը𣬴ͷһ䣡
ˣ
ʱطٴͬС
ɺĦڭ̣




1699 һжݿ
⣡
طɱĸ֣ɣĦڭͷһͬʱʶһ㡪ǽڽˣ
ΪطղŽɱսĴˣʱ伫̣Ǵ˿̻ûгŴȡ
ط罫ûκܶԶ
ǡӲߣ
ĦڭӲˣ
ʶһ֮󣬽һᣬɿ˵Ȼ޷ߣƴɣ⻹лȥϣ
ţ
ɵĻĦڭһҲΪ˵ǽҽˣǰ취İ취
ĦڭͬɵĻûͣ½Ų
ΪģɻԻڻҡ
Ħڭʱˣ㻹ңһһ£
ɿĦڭĵǺͲΣһץסĦڭļͷ˫˫ͣ˽Ų
Ħڭԭ׼ˣۿҲͣ˽Ųûг֣ѸٽĿͶط硣
Ȼͻˣոͻƣ޷ӳǿӦеսϴˣȫɱﵣϧһдƴĻδؾûлᣡ
ͬҲڿط磬ĿطҼͷ
˿̣طļͷΪղŽ֣ٴαˣѪʡ
ã
ĦڭһѣҲطƣֱӴ߶ӡŷڵɾѧղ
ղǺ书еʥ䣬˵£Ӳ֣޷ơ
Ħڭ߶ղѪھںһһĹŷ֡
ҲûͣţֱӶԼǿɱ
ȼѪ
սȫѪط߶ʱ伤ѪӶ߱ս
ɲǼ䣬ɵѪŨˣ˷·Ҫȼһ㣬ͨ죬Ѫȥ
֮⣬˺ܴ߶ڵĻҩ
ǵĻҩȻǲںڰᣬ֮ͬҩЧͬڶʱǵս
ҩռսס
һ̣ɣĦڭȫĵƣطһս
طزɺĦڭı仯ûͣ½ŲŻ
һĻطİɳġ׵١ڶӥˣףطǶԼսžԵģȫĻսܵ
һ㣬ǲ¶ˡ
ǲ֪ǣطһԭ
ûҵɱ档
ɳĻӥ˵ĻƱػĿԼɡĦڭɱһС
»Ḷ́ջῴɡĦڭѪɵĻ棡
¾޴ӰпһӶ޷
ط米ŻĻطıϣĿᱻطӵס޷ǰһС
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һĻÿһ˵ģͬʱǵ
ɱ
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Ӱȭӡ
ΪӡŷڵĴˣĦڭȳ֣һֱӡŷڵɾѧȭ
һȭĦڭڴ߶塯طͻҩҩЧǰʹھܵٻͳͳӿұۣٵȭͷ֮ϣѪ⡢Ѫںϡ
һȭЯĦڭޱߵս⡢ɱǿһȭֲޱߡ
ĦڭһȭǰĿֱӱ俪һ񱩵ȭ磬ɨط硣
䡪
ͬʱҲͬһȭ
һ̣ڵѪǳȼ˵ǿÿ¡
ͬĦڭһһҲǿɱСս񱬣
ڵھͬڵĽӣӿȭ֮ϣֻҪط磬ͬըһ㣬ֲɱ
ǿսǿɱУ
ɺĦڭ׷طƴ
ৣ
ɺĦڭ֣طҲˡ
е˫ֶȻٶȼ죬ڶû²Ӱ

ָ֣ۣʳָھӿ罣̳Ħڭȭ
ֻƣͬһŻӭɵȭ
һ̣ط˫ͬʱУ
꣡
ۡ
ϹѪŽͬʱ
طʳָͬһĦڭȭ
µھŷĦڭȭͬըըƵģ˲䱻һѪ⡣
ž
ͬһʱ䣬һȭطƣھӿȴͬţ뺣ټ
ط壬˿ʳָſµھǰ׼شĦڭĺᡣ
꣡
ĦڭĺӦ顣
طʳֱָӽĦڭĲӴ̴
ۣ
طָѪ쭶ͬһѪطһ
Ħڭһ֡
ǣطսԶԶ󡪡طһָĦڭȭ֮ĦڭƫԴĻᶼûУ
ǣ֪ԼǶôĿֲͬʱܵš
֮࣬Ħڭʶ̧֣һסϵѪŲĵسˡ
ɵͬ˾ξˣƾսܣʶҪȭȻˡ
Ȼ
ɸ֮жط绯ΪצһץסúϽͬʱһɵؿڡ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬ʶؼۣᵲǰ
飡
طһɵۣšꡱһɵѣͬʱӱҪȥֺϽֱۻطץţ
˻
ţͬӱ˺
ɺϽұļͷֿȾѪ󵹷ɡ
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طһָĦڭĺ˺һֱۣ
ûһɱɡ
Ϊʵ̫ˣ
֮֮
ղš
˺˫ȫұֱۣ۳˫ȫӡ
˿̡
ط˺ɵĺϽֱۣҪúϽֱ۽ɴһ


1700 սᣡ
طһжɺĦڭḶֹ̌Ƹӣʵ˲䷢ֻаɳġ׵ٺڶ˿̡
ǳΪǿߺʵô
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ΪɳʵŽ̫͢˵ǣǿߣҲֹһǿд裬ѰҲࡣ
طչֳս𺳶ѣ
ΪطչֵսҪдľǿǿöࡣ
ȻǶ֪Щǿ߲ܶǿսǿЩ˶ǿսҲطز
οطϻˣûչֳǿս
ΪؼǣطǸոͻƣӵµʵ
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ˣ֫ϣѪģޱȣ֮ǰһѹвط̬γ˽Ȼķ
ط磬ȻΥֲĹ涨ûȨɱңֻϲȨҡ
ϣɵ岻ܿƵز䶯ú˵
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ǰط絹һ񱻴һһϢĶȮȴȻϣţһǡ
ϲӵĻлŵĻᡣ
ֻҪûսĿѧҽѧȫԸϺϽ֫Աһ
սᣡ
طޱ˵ţҽһŶɵԴ




1701 ηлְ
ͷطûдȨ뽫ԼϲӴֱӱطһŶԴ˲

ͬʱصļԭֲӶӳϷżػеϷ˵ʬ壬ֱ̱ϡ
⡭ôܣ
Ϸɴ۾ɬͲš
޷źͽܣϷ˱طɨ򱬵Ľ
ͬʱ
ɵȥظĴȶ
̫ǿˣ
ɳġ׵ٺڶŻȾѪطɼ˵ʬ壬гһͷ
Ǽڸ̾طǿҲڸ̾ǿߵǿ
ʵϣǿߵȷǿ
ߴܹ硣
ߣΪʦ
ǵײߵĹ۵㣬ʵϣѧ磬Ψн书۷壬ʦ
Ϊ۷ߣַΪһĻ۷ߣǿߣ۷ǿߺ;ǿߣĸ磬Ҳ˵ĸʵײ㡣
գط¸绪˽֣̿˶ǿ߽ɭɱѹ֮ͻƻ۷塣
Ϊܵʱ̫ˣҽÿһԽޣʶһͻƣ˶ǿ߾磬ҿԿ羳ɱ۷ǿߣǳɳΪǿ֮޵еĴڡ
ǼٲһսطΪǿߵ͵Ϯ֣һɣش
طͻ۷ǿ߾磬δġһġǳԽļޣغѪطҩ洫ȭ׵ȵƣսȾǿߣҼпǾǿкǿĴڡ
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ͨһսطѾ޿ʵȫѧһһ˵λá֮ͬУû˿ٶκв
֮⣬Ȼطʼûжǳ֣ǵطΪ֮ǰ飬ˡ
ڰɳġ׵ٺڶ˾ηĿУطǵǰ
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˫ȫĻӥŮͻϵļȻ޴棬һˣطһʹ
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˫ȫ˵е
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ž壬¡
СŮĴ۾ֱضط磬ҡҡͷ԰׵дżᶨԺҪͰְһһ¸ҵľˣѻͳͳץߣ




1702 
á
ط΢Ц֣һ»ıӣȾѪ˻ĸС

ĸ׺ѣͬʱסſڣ᲻ܿƵµ
ʱһУǶԣͬһجΡ
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ˣ֮ǰиŮĽ֪Ǵ뿪𣿡
طӥŮ˳ǰͻȻ뵽ʲô
ܵܣǵʱη뿪ģ嵽ηȵľͷȻ󴫳˿ŵ֮ղץǵǸҲ׷˹ȥźûٴ򿪡
ĸ׻֮ǰΣò϶˵
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طͷȻӥŮ˳ǰȥ
֮ͬǰĦڭһط粢֪ͨصʦδ͸©һ㡣
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֮˵Ӣ˵Ļ˵һЩԣ֯һ쳹ֵͬĲгһ

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֮˲ӢǶطһ仰I'mChinese
ͬǣǻֱҺҵսѴǻؼң뱨ǵηš
ڶʮĹ񼤶ֵͬʱطٴοڡ
һΣõǻ
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16ţ
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طУǰɳġѾָʾ׽˵ϷͬʱѾȫڴۼɳĵͨߵ紫
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һҽѧڵרңǳΣաڰûصʻţԲЩרһţ
뵽һ㣬û뵽ԼҪԵǿߣ




1703 ׷׸
ҹһƬڣһ޼ʵĺͣһƾɵĻ֡
紵һˣڻֵĴϣһ˻
಻ϵĺڰҹԵø̶
ںʵ̫󣬻ΪȺڴܹȥžۣЩʵŶӵרǾû˯ڴھۼš
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Ѿû˿̸ˣҲûлط䣬Ǽϻ¶ŽǺͲ
Ѿȥôʱˣǵôûе
ڣ˿ڴ˴ڵİҲ˽ǺͲԴ
ǰǵ˲;ʲô˰ɣ
ǽǵˣЩȥصֲԱҲûл
ӦûزˡǶ֪ģЩʲôˣǿɲһķͽǿߣңԼ֮ǰϵǹ˵ڰ绹ǿǰϵ˻أ͵ֲȥأӶһˣ

󣬰ĴձŵˡӡһҽѧרҿڣͻȻְ
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1704 ȸϵ

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ʹٴһ䣬Ȼ󲻵ȸǵ»ػֹͨ

ǵ·ǵ绰һȻ󿴵˹ϻžһص˵˹ʦϴʦǸղŶѾʹߴ˵Ļ
µǱλ˵ȴǵĽλ˵ŭ
ǵŭǳܲ𣡡
š
˹ͱϵͷϵľȥȡ֮Ҳء
֪ͨȥ٣ٶȸĿĵأ
˹ͱû飬ǵ²ٷϻֱŤͷڰ´
ǣˣ
ڰһʱȻһ뿪ȥǵµ
ܿģֱˡ
ºˣкˣ䵱ֵĺڰǲ۲۵ִ˸ǵµ
ʮӡ
ʮӺֱӽЩרڵ򣬴Ƶĵƹ⽫յͨ
дˣ
ǡǽǵ𣿡
ϵ۰ڵˣڿ뿪طˣ
ЩʵŶӵרǣ͸֣һ׷׼Ȼ˷ܵس¥ݣ׼װȥȴ
ҲҪҴϵ˲ǵģ
ʱһֲսԱ˴տڣȵֹЩרҵϼװ塣
֮ǰʱϲȡϵ֪ĵԶԮžڳʻǺʹϵʣ뿪
һ֣Ȼǽǵˡ

ȻսԱĻЩרǶһ
һǱһˮƵģе˷뼤˲䱻ȡ֮һʧ
ʧ̲֮࣬סʵȻҴϵ˲ǵģΪʲôҪ߿
԰ʲôˣΪʲôҪѴ
£˿ڸֱͣضսԱ
ǺڰĴɣ
սԱش֮ǰ㵣ط˻ӡҽѧרң̲סʵ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬еĲ־ٴ
սԱҲ⡣
ΪһϣֻзֲӵĳԱڶڡ
һ£ǺڰˣǸ޷ֵ
ڳԷϵѯʶԷݣȻشգϵǣһһʱ֪ͨǵġ
սԱһԼԵúܳȡ
á
רӦһȻת˴ա
սԱǻصڣͬʱߵ棬ѾЩרңǶѻص˴ա
յ
ܿ죬ߵﴫӦ
ϵǰҴϵʲôˣսԱʵ
ѾͨźţԷûͨĵȴнһһʱ֪ͨ㡣
յ
սԱӦȻֹͣͨ
ͬʱǰֵĴ
ǵ¡˹ͱٴ˼װϡ
˿̣ǵѾûоˣһĮ
ʮӵʱ䣬㹻֮ǰӵǸϢ
ǵ´ˣһϵ˳ǽͨ
ʱһڰװϣٴγǵ»㱨
øͨ
ǵֱظͬʱҲ´õϢ˵ǿȫǰһϳʵŶӵר֮⣬ӦûͨսԱĸ˹ȥϵսԱȫɵȻתʣ
ǣˣ
ѸǺڰеĺĳԱŶǿߵʵɱͨսԱͬѹһס
£ߵ֪ͨͬ顣
ܿ죬ڰ˼װϣǶ书˻۷壬û붥ǿУֻһĻ۷ߡ
ٶҪ죡
ǵ¼״ֲһ䡣
ǣ
ٴȻǵûмڵ˼Ծ¡
žžžžž
ںϣ̤ˮٳǰĻȥ
ͬʱ
ʮ֮⣬طʻװֱŻڵĵصС




1705 ˡط磡

ҹطʻװֱһֻӥһ㣬ڿз裬յǰڵ꺣
֡
ͻȻطԵǵ绰
٣һֿǣǳԸԷͨûеõӦô죿
طͨ绰ͲﴫһֲսԱ
֮ǰطϲȡϵ֮ϵķսԱϵҪԷһʱ㱨
֣
طԣһɲĸоϵ´̱־䣬ϸ۲촬ܣͬʱôƫ30㷽ٺУ
ǣ٣
һʱһ㱨
طظһ֮ǰȻֱжͨȻװֱ٣гŲ
Ϊһͣ򲢲ں֮ϣҾ½ؼٺ־Բ
Ҳ˵ϵǳŻȥģ
ϵֻֿܣˡ
һ̣طֻڼٸĿĵصͬʱϵǺ
ЩսԱԸһĺ׾٣ɳˣǺţûκ𣬲Ҫ˵Կ֮ûС
𺽣ƫ30㷽ٺУȫ徯䣬̻㱨
طȫٸڵطͬʱֲӵĳԱߵתط
ǣ
ܿ죬ߵﴫӦ
󣬾ֲӵĳԱһڼʻգ𶢿ش֣ڼװϣվڲͬķλǹ䣬й۲Żܵ
ǶҹǣΪз磬ܵĺ಻ӰǵĹ۲졣
Ϊˣڰ̤˿ʱ򣬸ǸλսԱֻ˺ˣûп˵Ӱ
žžžžž
ܿģ˽ӽ˻֣͵һŶںϣӶȻգԾװ塣

˵Ӱڿг֣սԱʱõԲ۾
һ̡
ʶҪǹ׼
Ȼ
ˣ
˵ӰƽȵڼװϣȻͬҰèһ㣬͵һڣֱӳսԱǰ
顭
ۡ
ѪŽͬʱͬвһ㣬սԱɱһɱ
Ϯ
Ϊڷλ౳֮ǰطͨսԱδ˽װһĻҲ޷ǳ֣ԼսԴѡĻ棬ʶʲôһ
ͬʱսԱһʱǹ޷˵Ӱˡ
飡飡飡
ܿ죬ٴ
սԱڼװϵսѣ֮ͬǰսһɱ
һ̣ûκηӦγֵĶûп塣
˫ʵ̫ˣ
Ϯ
ͬʱʻһսԱͨߵ磬֣鵱һ䡣
ס֮ǰ˵ģƫ30㷽ٺУ
ܿģӾлع񣬶ŴֺһȻǹٳ˴մ
մЩصʵŶרǣȻûһϮΪϵսԱһֱδϵʲôˣǵ֮ǰ˷ڴеֻǵǡ
ǷݵǣЩڴմⲽҲЩſڴǰֱضǲϿ֡
ž
ž
ž

ܿ죬ŲӴͨװ¥ݴ
մЩⲽͣ˽ŲЩջĿ⡣
ǲԼͬؽĿͶ˴ڡ
ৡ
һ̣Ӱֺڣ˵ɫˣ
ȻǶʶǿϵķκЩڰķһģжϳԺڰ
ܹжֱ
Ŀɨһ۴ˣʵܵͳ
ûлش
һ̣Щרҵģֱӳ˹ȵףֻһִ׹ĸоֱ̱˵ϡ
㣬ֱֲӻɱȫץ
ۿ˻شٷѿֱ࣬Ӷӵл۷ʵĺڰ
ǣˣ
ڰһʱȻɿж
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ

Ļ£ԽԽ̱˵ϡ
ΪĻӡ֤ǵжϣĨɱһ˿ң
ģǲΪҪǷ񡣡״Цһ
ˡⱲӲܻȥˣ
Ļӡҽѧרֱӱˣ˵ţȻ뵽ʲôĿͶ˻ҽѧңغ
㡭㲻˵Ǹ㲻˵Ǻڰج𣿽أ뵽˺ڰУ

ҽѧԺиֳطӰ뿪ڷֻúǿŶƵģһҲ˵ڡ
µܷʲô
ط
طܾ
ڰجΣǡĻǸѾˣֲԱС
ڻҽѧԶԵͬʱٴοڣ֮оǳ

仰ҽѧңЩרңͳͳɵˡ
޷Ϊʲôᷢ飡
ˣһֱѾɱϢķﻹһЩʣϴȥ
Щרһɬͬʱߵһڰ
á
һȻóһͨͨһ룬ػ㱨ǵ´ˣѾֲ˻ɱˣҿʡ
ãھͽתƵҴϣ
ǵºܿӦȻһ䣬ٶҪ죬ǻҪȥɱֲϣ
£ǵ²ػֱӹҶ˵绰
ϧ˻طǸϣͷ͸λˣλеŭһЩ
ǵǵ绰Щźس˹ͱ˵
ҵǾãǸûǸϻ׽͸λ˸һЩ
ûϾкܶҪºʹࡣ
˹ͱȺ󿪿ڻص
ţ
£ǵͫ׶ȻŴ
ǵķһֱͬӥһ㣬ԶŻֵķ
ʲô
ǵ²˵쳣ҲŤͷȥ
ಡ
һ̡
һ죬ƺʡ
һ⣬ڵĲ񷡣
һŵضԿյװֱͲкХ֣
ˡط磬ˣ




1706 ִVSǿ
͵˻ɱ˷ֲӾսԱҪЩרҴϼװתƵʱطʻװֱٸϵֱֿ
һ棬ղֳϵ֮ǰͨսԱ޷ϵϡ
ʶˣҿ϶ϵ
ΪǺˣǾսԱ϶һʱ㱨
ǺĻսԱܰܡ
һ򲽽սԱˣҲ㱨ʱ䶼ûУ
һ棬ԼֵļװкѹѹȺ֪ʵŶӵרǣǻûбתƵϡ
һ£طϷװֱΨһҵһſնԵصȷ֣ҴֵȼͲգ
ΪװֱϵĿնԵصޣ޷׽ȫը٣ΨлȼͲգȼͱըſԵ´峹ըΪУôЩ
Σգ
촫֡
ǵ¡˹ͱڣϼװˣʶʲôͷһȻǿҵ̻£ɿ
Ȼ
ǵʵǿӦп
Ϊǿߣǵ¡˹ͱ۷ӦģǼڵХ˲䣬ڵ˴ߣȻԾͷ¡ȳϣԾ¡
䣡
󣬲ȸǵ¡˹ͱ˽뺣ˮȼװЩڰ嵽ߣնԵص׼ȷޱȵػȼͲڵλãȻը
ɲǼ䣬µȼͲĴ÷飬ֲĸȼͲյȼ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ
ǵ¡˹ͱ˼ͬһʱˮͬʱ߶ھ߾ȫꡣ
ΪǸǣΨһķ
ԽˮԱըĳԣܵĳԽСĻԽ
䡪
ʱȼͲձˣһΪֲľ죬쳹ʡ
һֵĴ˲ķѣµɨķ
ЩδüˣֱӱɨУΪ紵ɢ
汻ըһԲεľ޿ӣһ޴ĺˡ
˲ƻ⣬ϣγѵһ쾰
ˮķ
ˮʱ乲ͬʱµĳԱըΪԲģ˷ɢ
ˮǵ¡˹ͱڱը˲䣬Ǳ˽ʮס
Ȼ
ˣЯźˮһֲĴɽȻ£
Ƕѽھת£ȻûʹԴΣҪ˺һ㣬˴ˡ
Ȼƾ賬ķӦǿʵӹһ٣࣬ǾѪ˿
Ȼ
ǲδƣһڣʼΡ
ǽԴ¶ˮʱеĻѾʧˣϻл𡪡ȼƯںϱȼˣһʱ޷
ֱըٵķ棬ƯںϣƯЩ֮䡣
Ǹеʹң
ʹǣ֮⣬ȫˡ
ҵǣǷӦ㹻Ѹ٣ס

ͬʱֲ׵Ļϣӵл۷ʵĺڰЩѾաװרǣǱͻıըԭأ
װϣǵɴ۾˲仯Ϊͻ𺣵֣һľһ
ʲô
һֻ̣һƻõĸоͬʱ̲סаԼ
ûд𰸡
ЩʵŶӵרҶԣ֮ǰڿֻ֮Уطʻװֱ䵼ʱȻ춯δ̧ͷȥʶ֪װֱХ
ڰղڵһʱ䣬͸Զ˵ǼڿзװֱǿŴŻĵХŻ֣ը֡
ǵ¡˹ͱ϶𣿡
֮࣬гһɻ
ΪԶҹ߲ãԶˣ˿Ҳ޷¶Դ
ûпطȴˣ
طڷ˵֮󣬽ͷи߶ȣװֱһֻŸ㣬£Ȼǵ¡˹ͱ˴Ӻд˳
ط缸ûκԥֱװֱĻڹť
ա
װֱ·M-203E-130mmڣһͷĸҰޣͻȻ
M-789߱˫;ɱ˵һ⣬γһܼڵ˸ǵ¡˹ͱڵ
M-789߱˫;ɱ˵ɻװ׳ս̹˱붥ɱ˰뾶Լ5mǻˣ˱
䣡䣡䣡
ɲǼ䣬治ϱը˳
һ˱Ⱦ˺ɫ˹ʬƬ
ܵʱ򣬱һM-789߱˫;ɱ˵У˲䱻ըһѪ⡣
Ϊǿߵִ֮£
ִѧΨһһ
طͣ


1707 
һſM-789߱˫;ɱ˵ĺ£·𶼷ˣӿϯķ
Ȼ
ϳ˹ʬƬ֮⣬ûпǵºͱϵʬ壬ǲ֪Ǳ˺ˮǱ˺ס
Ϊϯط޷ԼһֺսװֱйڵڿγһɫĻ⣬ӳڵĲ񷡣
䣡䣡䣡
ըֱװֱƬϿշɹͣ
źָֻƽ
װֱ粶ʳĺŸϣǰĻ֡
⣡
һĻڰͷ𶯡
ǵ̣Ȼµˣװֱը֮󣬺ԭ򡪡ǵ¡Ϻ˹֮˻ţԷڲ˵ڡ׼ȷһЩ
һУǸе
ǽ书˻۷壬ǶǿߣҲǿˡ
ںܶʱ򣬿ͨ˵ʱǸӵĿ⣬νսԱҲˡ
ͬ鸩ϣ
Ȼ
ֱ˿̣ǲŷ֣ǿִǰǶôĲһ
ֻһװֱõǺըأ
ǰ벽ǿߣҲҪʬ޴棡
ǡǵ𣿡
оͬʱЩרؿװֱХųַԼˡ
ϡ϶ǣ
˼ػش
ɡΪʲôֻһֱɡ
һֱҲز˼ˣܾô
ӡҽѧȻֱ̬ȡ
˼ʻװֱ˺ڰԱ֣ӪǣҪǴս
ڸղţ׼һɱ˷ֲӵľսԱ
ӡҽѧҵĻ£ҽѧڣڶרϵļı˲佩Ӳʧʧȡ
Ҳ뵽ӡҽѧ롣
ǲĻȫվˣҪ˭ɱ˭
ʱˣӾлعҲָ侲˲Ūµơ
жϣӦֲӵĳԱ
Ȼ˿װֱôʣרԷԲô
һڰ㲻Σգ
ֻҪ˸·ɻǾͿԳֻɱ
ϾյϣֲӵлɱǵֵֿԲִģΨطһˣ
贫ϢطѾֲӵɷһɱˣ
һ̣¶ˣҲ´ˡ
Ļµ˲䣬װֱѾʮˡ

ʱŴ򿪵תסˣ޷
ؿӻϷɹֱŴˡ
Ȼ󡭡
ǿһӰֱŻֵļװ塣

һĻ˲侪˼װϵЩרң
ںӰвſԿĻ棡
ô
ڰͬҲһȻǷЦ
ȻڰĿһֻҪ˸·ɻ
Ȼ
һ̡
ϵЦ㽩Ӳˣ
Ϊǿ˵ĳ࣡
һŶȫÿһڰİӡ
ˣһһվȫķ˿ڣһһ˵ڰһһجΣ

𣿡
ôܻţ
ڰСһ㣬ԭأɴ۾ضǵӰѣ֮гž
ǣ贫ϢطѾС
ǣë뵽طǶζʲô
ž
Ӧڰһ졣
ط˫ƽȵ˵ϣӰףжȥ׹
ǡˣ
طס֮ҽѧһ۱㿴طĳ࣬¼ش
һ̣ˮ֮ץ˾ݣǾеǿ˾٣
ţΪܿƣҲڻӦӡҽѧңڸˡ

ҽѧҵĻطŲϤҲԲİףӡҽѧڣеרҶɵˡ
ӡҽѧң֮ǰڻҽѧ˵ط¼֤طǿʱڷ⡪㲻˵Ǹ㲻˵Ǻڰج𣿽أ
񣬽֡
ˣ
רʱˣ
һĶ⣬Ҳ˾ξˣ
ЩרңȻ֮ǰûӡҽѧҽѧҵĻҲ˵طѾˡ
ˡˣ

ȺУڰǵӣǱʩ˶һ㣬ԭأü٣ϳſ־
˵ǻɱЩֲͨӳԱ׼طɱҲȻ
˫ѹһϣ
ӣ
־;֮࣬һ˿ǣʶغ֡
ô
Ӧ֡
طվڡ
ƽ˶Уȴͬ




1708 ڵ
⣡
ڰ֮ξѣҪתߣطĻŵͷһ˲佩Ӳ˫ǧƵģ޷һ
ಣ
ͬʱڿڵʱ򣬱Ѿ͵һˣԾ£ߡ
Ȼ
ط죡
طһΣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͬһɽƵģסȥ·

ۿ·߱ط׼ˣֻŭһٲұ˳ȭգһȭط硣
ط״ųһһ΢΢һ׵رܿһȭ
ৣ
ͬʱطػӳָצ״ѸһץֱץסĲӡ
طָ
ꡪ
촫Ĳ˲ѣ
˫ͻɵùԲϳž֣һĿ
ƺֱ֪Լαطɱģ
졢׼ݡ
طһֻһ

һĻڳЩרңҲŵʣµڰ
Ƕǿߣطһ
ֻһĻ۷ߣôֿط磿
飡
Ӧǵһ졣
طһǶһʬ嶪һԡ
ͻŵڰٴͷһطĿͷ·ڿ
飡飡飡
طڰǰնֵ
Ϊٶʵ̫죬ӰЩרңһڰУطͬʱ֡
ڰĲͬʱѣ˲嵹˵ϣһѳȥ
ͨ
һĻһڰֱŵ̱˵ϣɫҺ岻ܿƵӿȾʪĿӡ
ˡ
Ϊ۷ߵŲ־һ̣ȴˣ
ط绹δ֣ĿԼͬȺһ˱ʬ塣
ҡʼûпطγֵģ
Ǹоͷ·طһϢ
δ֪µʽеĿ־ﵽ˼£Ӷ⣬ֱ˿ӡ
һĻطûֻ̳ɱһڰղѾˡ
ǶȻشա
طŤͷЩר˵Ŀڻҽѧҵϣ΢΢ףǴк
áã
ЩרʶصͷӦȻ̰ط˵ģ·شա
ȻУ˿̵طͬǻ᲻۲۵Ӻִطÿһ仰
Ǻڰô˴δӵʲôˣǺڰ֮⣬ô
Щרҷشյͬʱط翪ڳһڰʵƽ󣬵ȴĳħһ㣬ڰ岻ϲ
ˡ
ڰֵһĭ״εشҡǺڰӵǺڰĸ˸ǵ£˸ǵ֮⣬д̿˵ĴϱϺ;޸֯Ĵ˹Ƕըˡ
ʲôʵطʵ
ǿߣǶǾǿߣ
ڰʶشȻеĿ־΢һЩЩɻ󣺸ǵ¡˹ͱλѾڸղŵıըȥˣطΪʲôҪǵʵ
ž
ž
ž
ʱһͻȻԶ
ںг֣Żּӿ
ѡѵǵ¡˹ͱλû
ͻһĻڰһ뵽һͷ
ûнǷݼ¶ؿţͬʱ͵͵ع۲ط磬طʱҪ֡
طȷûг֣ǽĿͶ˺ХĺˣںпӰ
ǡǸǵ´˺ͱϴ˵Ϣ
ܿģŸǵºͱϽӽ֣ڰӦ˵ϢеļֱӲøˣû֨ҼؿԼ
طע⣡
ֻҪطڸǵºͱ˵Ǵ֮ǰ֣Ͳˡطᱻǵºͱϻɱ
ޱȼһ㣡
Ϊպڰʾط粢ǾǿߣǾǿ֮޵еĴڣ
ǵºͱ϶ǾǿнǿĴڣ

ڰͬʱˮǵºͱԾ˿С
֮ǰں¶ͷ֮ΪװֱĻð⣬Ǳ㿪һֻɨ䣬
ৣ
ৣ
ǵºͱδأ㿴ط硣
֮ͬǰڰطʱһǶɫһ䡣
ȻҲû뵽㵼ɥ˾Ȼط磡
ϾϱϢطѾǱΪ׵ս˻ɱģ
žž
֮࣬ǵºͱ˼װϡ
ϵ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮˷ܡ
û
˷ܣ
ȻطղżװֱһֲǱҲɥǴ˿̿ط磬ͬ˹ƯѸĲ
Ϊֱը֮ǰǻ飬طûĻǿԽط׽ʹڰʹʹλ벽񾳵ǿ߽ɥ֮ŭйطϣ
طȴسǵǰôܲǼ
񣬻ĺӣȻҲ֪Ϊʲôûǵǰǽĵ飡
˷֮࣬ǵ¿ˣϴЦ⣬ٲȻԼͱϵ𣬶طӣӵóǵġ
ģĺӣǲɱ㡣ţǴ㵽֮ܲǰ㻹ŵζ
ҲЦˣЦú䡣
͸ǵһΪطǵ֮Ҫ˵߶ܣ
˵һֱڵô
ط΢Цţˡ



1709 ǿߣ

ȻطĻڰǸǵºͱ˶ɵˡ
ǵɴ۾ֱضط磬ϳŲţ
ΪԼǲǳ˻
Ҫ֪ǵºͱ϶Ǿǿߣط˿¶۷ǿߵϢ
۷ǿǿ֮䣬ֻһ磬ʵһ޴ǵԽ
Ȼ
طϵЦݣȴ˶òԡ
ѵ̣
вԼͬһͷȻϸӦΧһУһûߵϢ
ĺӣЦе䡣
ǵȷûеϢ֮ЦſˣǷĪĲָֻƿȫֵ̬
١㵱꺢ӣŴģ
ͬЦ
Ц
Ŵģ
طûпڣǲغڸʵϢ
ɲǼ䣬ͬһսѣѪڣھ糱µϢϯķ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ǵ¡Ϻڰɫˡ
ΪǷطϢȻ֮䱩ǣﵽ˾ǿߵĵز
ǿߣ
ڰڱͬʱξˣ૿ڣ֮гš
ǵºͱȻ
ΪǶطϣҶطָƣ֪طŶʮꡣ
һʮ꣬Ϊǿߣ
⡭Ǻ䶯ȫѧĴ¼
Ϊ̫ˣ
ǵļУݹ۹Žȫѧ磬ûгֹľЩưһʱİҲûʮ֮ǰͳΪǿߵģ
֮ǰ㱨Ϣƣ㱻һ˼ͷΪ׵ս˵һӦ
֮࣬ǵ۾ֲԭΪ˾ǿߡΪոͻƾǿߣһսԵסǣ
ǵסǻɱ
طǿƻӦг޵е洫ȭ׶û
ɱ
Ϊ̿˴ϵıϣЦĺӣȻҲòϣһ;˹Ž񣬾ȻڶʮͳΪǿߣ
ǣǿҲǿ֣֮
һոͻƾǿߵˣһȴҪڳԣһжɱҺ͸ǵ£
ƾʲô
ಣ
Ӧǵһƿ
طûٷϻǽһΣ磬ֱ˸ǵºͱˡ
ͻ۷ǿߺӵоǿսһжսǵºͱǿеĸֱ֣νǿƵ˼㣡
ҪжӦ

˲Ϣ֮䣬ط˵˸ǵǰұȭգһȭ
ԱΪǹȭΪǹͷ
һǹ̳޵У
ǹһʽ
̣
ͬɱһطӵ޵սӶ֡棬սϲû˿⣬һֱԴ书ɱС
ң߶غѪط
һ̣˲֮ǿսֻûжáָ͡졯ɱС

طǿƣøǵ±ŭѣֻԼΪƾǿߵĽϱط̤ˣŭһͬһȭǰĿֱըƿֲ
ǿߣġһԷӳͨѧо裬ĳ֣ߣںѪھս⣬覡
һȭǵ¶˰¹˹ȭеޱ֮ǰ˶ʱȣ֪ǿ˶ٱ
䡪
ʯ֮䣬طǵ³ȭȭ磬ͬɷ籩ײһ𣬺Ȼը죬ϯķ
䡪
һ죬طǵµȭͷײһ˫ھͬʱŷͬڵըھͬԷ
ȭ롣
ط˫ͬһڵϣֻ΢΢ζµļװ壬޷ֲܿ˲ѿְֱӰݣֳӡ
ط˫ţһ붼˸ְ尼ݵĽӡ֮С
žžž
ͬʱǵÿһƴ¼װըľм衣
Ѫұ۽ӲȭһƬͨ죬ѿѪʣĿġ
һδˣȴ·磡
⡭
һĻԶڰֱɵˡ
ȻطͻƾǿߣȫԤϣΪطͻƣҲԲǸǵºͱ֮κһ˵Ķ֡
ϾͻƾǿѾ꣬պĸˡ
ڰΪ̿˴ϵıϣҲǾõԲ۾
ǵͬһʱߣ˴ʶһˣǳϤ
ǵµʵھǿߵǺǿĴˣôֶ̿Σ沫ɱ޷ܸǵ¡
Ȼ
죬ǵһոճΪǿߵ˽֣ȴ·磿
㡭ոͻƾǿߣôӵǿս
ͬʱǵͣ½ŲסΣǿһ㿴ط磬ѿڶ
ڰͱ϶ԣΪ˵ĸǵ£еľңþκݶΪ
ಣ
Ӧƿ
طһٴγŸǵɱ׼һȽǵ´򱬣
Ȼ
ط˵ǵǰһֲϢ˲ٽ
ϳˡ
طҪʤ׷ٴζԸǵ³ֵʱͬһ㣬˲طһࡣ

ֻӳָ£ͬһѶ̵طؿڡ
ɱ
һ϶˴̿˴ѧкպɱ
ɱɱͬ绮Ʋ񷣬ֻ˲Ϣ֮䡣
Ϊ̿˵ĴϣϿɱֽʦүѽһ˳뻯ĵزļߺһںϣ
죡
һ̡
Ͻ졯ַӵ˼£ȫطκηӦʱ䣡




1710 ͬɱնݣ羳սдδ
ɱֳֻΪɱУ
ò˵ɱֽʦүطʤ׷ٴζԸǵ³ֵʱͻɱ֣ʱտƾѣҷƾǿߵĽ桪ϵǵֳ
ǿ߽֣1+1ЧԶ2
ͻȻɱǽǵֵЧŴʵµľǿߣһ൱ա
Σգ
طһʱӦΣգ͵ֹסΣͬʱû˵ֱȭգӭźХֵһȭ
ɲǼ䣬طھתӿӿۣȭγһھС
ǹʽ
죡
Σʱ̣ط粻ٱֱӶԼд书ǹǿġ졯
䡪
طһȭը
Ȼ
طһȭ𾢷磬ϵֵ͵ˣ
VSɱ
ӲӲɱжԺ䣡
䡪
طȭݺݵ˱ϵ֣˫ھ˲ŷ֧ͬɱҪԷ
ɲǼ䣬һɿµľ磬ײΪģϯƾչһ籩
ꡪ
ţ籩Ĵһ졣
ϵָӦѣһƬѪģ
֮⣬ұ۱ҲǺݺһѪһ󷭹ഫһʹ
ۡ
ţһѪֱڿշ
һзʤ
Ϊ̿˴ϡƾǿߵıϣطһȭָɶ

һĻԶڰֱɵˡ
ɵˣ
ԭУֻҪǵºͱϵǴطСһɺɱ
طһȭ˸ǵ£Ȼһȭɱϣ
һУ𺳼ֱ޷ݣ
ȣеľй֮޲
Ȼطղһȭ˸ǵ£ֳ˲ѷڱϺ͸ǵµսһɱ쵽˼£
ţطܹƾսҲȻҪˣȻɱ
˵
طͬһ˸ǹһԭأδ

ڰͱϱ˾ѵͬʱһĺ
Ӱ֡
֮ǰطһȭ˵ĸǵ£ͬһ㣬ȻطǰһȭطԴ
ҲƾǿߵĽϣط뱾ɱжԺĻᣬط緢˱ɱһ
ʵϣղ֮󣬲ϳ֣һʱסѪھȻط硣
˿̣طոպɱϣǵµĹ㵽ˣνȫطκδϢʱ䡣
һȭǵֱӶˡȭֲɱСס
ղţǵطĽ֣ʶطǿ󡪡طʵȫ֮£
طһȭɱϣǼᶨ˸ǵµжϣʶԼǿɱС
һȭǵھ׷ڣֲ˹
һ̣Ѿȥ뽫ط׽λʹˣҪô˻Ὣطɱҹζࡣ
ƽֲһȭ
ɲǼ䣬طֻøǵǻһֲԼ
Ȼ
ǿսܺͼķӦطΣʱ̣ȷӭʽ
ұָۣۣʳָ罣һָȻȭͷ
ָ
Σʱ̣ط綯ԼĿǰǿɱС
飡
һ죬طʳָ˸ǵµȭָھӿͬһѾ޼᲻ݣֱӽǵȭ̴
ۡ
ѪŽһɿµھԸǵȭ˿Ϊм𵴣˲佫ǵ÷顣
󣬸ǵ˲ˣֱӵɶѪ硣
һȱ˻Ҫأʧȥ֣ұھڣľ࣡

һĻԶڰԲ۾ԴһѣΡ
ŵû˹ȥ
һոճΪǿߵˣڸǵ¡ƾǿߵֺɱлˣҽ˺ɣˣ
ǰһУȫ߸ڰѧ֪ˣ
ڰˣοǵºͱˣ
һ̣ڿУԲ۾һؿط磡
Ȼ޷źͽܣ˫֣Ȼط磡
һƻõĸо
ô
飡
飡
ţȺ
Ϻ͸ǵµӺݺݵˤ˼װϣǿѪȾѪ
ڣ˵Ҹղڵô
ʱطǿս⣬Ӹµؿ˵ĸǵºͱϣͷ·ڿʬ塣
ô
Ϻ͸ǵʵж˻Ӧ
ξѣԼͬشӻͳҩѸٷ£סƣͬʱȶҵѪھ
Ȼ
ڳ֮ǰΪط˵Ǿ仰һЦط磺һжƾʲô
һжͽ͵ġ
һĻطֱǵ£ͬʱڣ̣ҲڻӦǰĳɡ
ͬɱնݣ羳սδܹ


1711 һָͷ­һն׼
ţǿƣ޵С
ط˿̣ǵ¡Ϻڰĸо
طĻܵط޵еƣڰǸǵºͱ˶뵽һ顣
طԴӳڣȷûаܹ
¿羳֮սȻ
ǵ˲ɤϣеǰδеΣ
ͬɱնݣĺӣҲ·ͷ
ǵоû¶ϣǿƻӦͬʱзɿһҩѵϡ
ڹʱ䣬Ӷȡ˵Ļᡣ
١ԭնôѾ
Ͽóǵµ⣬ЦһϣҺ͸ǵһһʱڷҩ
ҺͬѾʬ塣
طޱȻ·𿴴˸ǵºͱϵ˼Ҫߣǲܣ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ǵºͱ϶ɫ䣡
û뵽ط羹Ȼµǵ˼ߡ
˾Ǳطϵһֻ֣˲̶ͬȵˣս
ղţ۷սֶط磬սôطĶ֣
һ£ûκνҲϬסƣͷߣܹһˡ
ط翴ǵºͱ˵˼ԣط绰¶Ϣøǵºͱ𾪡ط绹ûгΪǿߣ
⡭ⲻܣֻ۷ǿߣսôǿֵز
ֲһ۷ǿߣ١ĺӣΪô
ǵºͱȺ󿪿ڣ֮гŲš
ԭǾ޷źͽ˫ֲط硪ǶԣĪĳ裡
طǣԼ۷ǿߡ
ôţ
ԸйҲԸطĻ
ѧȺܹģ
طһΪÿһԽޣغʽںȭ͹̩ȭѪطսԶԶԽʵеս
£طζȻһΣٶ˸ǵ¡
ղţǵºͱϳûˣطγǣ
Ȼͻ۷ǿ߾磬ҷ˴ҩʱֹѪס˿ڣƻδȬ
ղţǵ¡˷ɱǣƣ˿ڱ˵˿ľҲܵӰ졣
˿̣߶ҩЧʱסƣ㲻ͣ٣ֱӶԸǵ³֡
ĺӣҸƴˣ
ǵԭƻߣۿط֪ѾʧȥĻᣬŭһȻش߶ھӿû˵ۣȭ
䡪
ھӿȭӣ
ǵӭźХط磬ֱһȭ
һȭɶõǡȭΪֲġס
һ̣ȻΪˣս𣬵ǿҵ̼£Ʊ֮ǰͣһƵļơ
ɲǼ䣬ȭХǵȭͬڵһ㣬طԴȻԤеûз
ã
ǵһ𣬸еǰδеΣ
ΪԼһȭˡ
طĻӰ
׼ȷ˵طȭ֮󣬽ܣû֮ͬǰһӲӲ
ǵʶһ֮󣬵Ҫȭˡ
Ȼ
ˣ

һƿȻ
طھ׼ޱȵرܿǵȭͬʱǵ²ʳָ罣һ㣬ֱӴ˸ǵµԴ
ۡ
ѪŽǵµ̫ѨǳһѪĿԴ㱻ѡ
һָͷ­飡
Ϊڰڰƶߣӵоǿʵĸǵ£ֱӱطɱ
һУ˫ʵ֮⣬ΪطĲԡ
طµǵ»ˣƴʶ˸ǵڸǵ³ȭ֮ܶ㿪Ȼץסǵµ©һɱ
ৣ
һĻɫ䣬æֹסΡ
ղţڸǵƴͬʱҲˣȻϢسط󣬴طǵ½ھתӰ˲䣬ط緢һ
طоյرܿǵµĿһ˲佫ǵ»ɱ
ֱñʧȥ˷һĻᡪطûǵӲӲھתܵκӰ죬֡
ಣ
ֹסκ󣬲ֱͣת򴬱ߡ
Ϊ֪ŸǵµȥɱطĿѾûˣط罻ֵĻɣ
ô
ط״һȣը죬쳹Ͽա
䣬Ӱ֡
طֱӳ˱ϵһࡣ

ͬʱƿ𣬱˲ӳв֪ʱһذףذ׻һ׹⣬طԴ
Σʱ̣ƾսܺɱֵԣͻȻǶȵꡢٶȼ죬˷ʤ
ҡطͳذףһذ׳
һطӲӲĻѪ֮ͷذҲҪУ
Ȼ
ñζû뵽ǣط·Ԥϵ˻һûӲƴͬԸǵһѡܡ
ֻԴ΢΢һֱ࣬ӱܿ˱һ̣
ذ״̿գзݣûгûˣذף˳һĨطĲӡ
Ϊն
ò˵Ϊ̿˵Ĵϣϵɱ鼫ḻļһĵٶȿ쵽˼¡
ط粻ţٴѡܣֻҽź󳷰벽ӳ΢΢һ

ذ׼طŻĵ̵ط˫ֻۣţ沿Ͳӵĺë˲ը
һ̡
ȱУطһǰ˫ֻӳһ޴ḥ̂סϵۡ
ȭɱ
ɱ
꣡
ĶϹ𣬱ϵ˲䱻طʶϣأذҲ֡
ৣ
ط˳ץסذףһն
ۡ
ɲǼ䡣
ϵͷ­𣬹̵ѪһѪ
طնף




1712 
֮䣬Ϊƾǿߵĸǵºͱϲ
ǰͷ­ѣ׼ն
Ѫ𣬶ͬѪ䣬Ⱦ˻ļװ塣
ͨ
󣬰һ죬ͷʬ嵹˵ϡ
֮⣬ԴҲڵأ˫۵ɵùԲһĿ
ƺֱҲţԼᱻطɱ
ţطֻ۷ǿߣ
ԶڰҲţﲻظһ仰ô
ûд𰸡
һ̣ؿطתֳȾѪذףĿɨ

طǿƽĿ⣬ڰֻñһ㣬ֵشһȻŴȥ
һ̣ûҪߣֻطԶһ㡣
Զһ㶼ԣ

ಣ
ط״һذ׺Хȷޱȵشڰĺġ
ۡ
ѪŽذףֱӴ͸ڰ࣬ȻײǰĻˣﬡһ죬һ𻨣׹ڼװϡ
ͬʱڰԵڵأ˫ؿڣͼֹѪţ޼¡
Ӿҵس鴤˼£һȥ
ļװָ˰طϵɱ⡣
ΪղŵɱҼ˿ٴαˣѪ
ٴóһҩ飬˿ϣͬʱ⣬˿ڡ
һУطûмڻشգǾֱߵһֲӳԱʬǰ
ɱ˵ˣΪ㱨ˣϢɡ
طӣ˵ţȻ֣ȥķֲӳԱƤĨʬ屧𣬷˴ͷλá
һ
ط編ƣֲӳԱʬ˴ͷڳһš
УЩĿսԱطİ£۾
һ
طüȻתŴȥ
ҽѧڣеרҶڴ
ΪǶطսܵĻǲڻһ䣬ᱻҳץߺڰū
žžž
ŲӴ¥ݿڴʱרҵĶɤϣǿ־ڴؿ¥ݿڣȴ
໡

лϵۣɱ˵ˣ
طȾѪĳ֮Щרһ׷׼ش
ϲ˱ͷʹޣ̱ڵϣ˸мؿط硣
ǣǳһú͵֮г
طһӪȣ˺ڰƿأǴӵã
ڰĵֲӳԱ±߻˵
طڶξǣٴλصã
ûˣЩ˶ˡ
ط״ڰˡ
ллл
лл
طĻЩרҵתһЩǷ׷طϵĸл
Ƕԣطĸ»˻ŵĻᣡ
ÿĵľϾ͵ˣʱỤ뿪ȻὫ͵ȫĵطϵڵĹңǰȫͻȥ
طڰ֣˳һŶ衣
ȻٴطĻЩרϵľ벻ȥ˷ٴλصǵϡ
֪һһλսѵʬ𣿡
ط翪ʵһֲӳԱĳƺսѡ
ΪǶֲ֧ӵָӹ٣
սڼʻգڰ֮ȥɱˡ
ҽѧҿڻش֪ط֣ȴƺطΪ

ĸ֣ڽοС
һӡ
ľˣҲǺڰجΣ
˿̣ޱȼһ㡣
֮⣬Ϊĸ֣ڽչ˻ľ˵ķɣչ˻ĵǿ

طھʻſڲԶҵһֲӳԱʬġ
һֲӵĳԱԴѿ˫ֽոǹʳָ˰ϡ
֮ǰһսԱıܡǹδԸ
ط罫ֲӳԱָӰŲȻ߽һִԱɱˡ
ΪˣطûֱͣӱһֲӳԱʬ壬˸һĴȻĬ¥ݿڡ

Щרʶʲô׷׸ط
ط籧һֲӳԱʬװϣЩսѵʬһ
һУط
ৣ
һ̡
ЩרҵעУط̧ұۣһ׼ľ
Բˡ
طȥľֲӵĳԱ˵ţĿδӾ˵ʬɨ
ллǣ
ͬʱЩרվһӣϹȥľֲӵĳԱʾл
֡
ʱط绳еǵ绰
طóǵ绰ֱӽͨ
طУ㵽Ŀĵ𣿡ȿʵ
泤٣ѵ֣ȫʰȫ
ط㱨δἰղŵսֻ˵Ⱥרҵ
õģǺܿ͵ˡ
˵ţȻжͨ

봬ϲӵľǿ߶һۣǰ˿
һ̡
ǲ֪طղŽ˶ôһɱ
Ǹ֪ȴǵģǺεȵ𺳣




1713 ߵľ
ҹɫŨָͣƽ
ϣطϥЩֲӳԱʬԣ˫۽գͬһ㣬ʱʱɱ
ղסƣȻ󹮹̾硣
ͻ֮󣬽ɱӡŷڵǿĦڭΪ׵սˣȻͣظϵ
ǧһ֮ʣװֱǵµ֣ȻڻϽзɱһ̶ûͣ٣ֱ˿̲ʱ侲ͻƺһС
Щȫרǣվھط粻Զĵطط仯Ǹеʮ־档
ڹȥЩһֱΪڰƻҩʮ˽⣬طֹ䷽ʽǸе˼顣
Ȼ龪棬ǲûȥط硣
дˣ
֪˶ã˾һ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬Щרҷ׷˳ȿ˵Ŀ⿴ȥȻԶһ⡣
طҲֹͣ˸˫ۣͬԶ
ĿԶͨˣںҹ֮УҲһҾϵƻͨһǺڸ߿գڵƹԵøۡ
ǹľô
רҿطվæʵ
Ļ䣬˾һڴؿط磬ȴطĴ𸴡
š
طͷȷϡ

Ҫȥˣ
ЩרҵõطȷϣһǴ˼Ѫһ㣬
ȥʰһ¸ԵƷȻ󵽼װ弯ϡ
Ӻط˵ȶһЩſ˵
õģ
רǵһʱ俪ڻӦǸоһ㣬Ȼ׷׿첽˴ա
ʮӺеרҴŸԵƷ»ص˼װϡ
˵ƷʵһЩճƷװһС
Ϊڰоҩڼ䣬ûκнˮģҲûκרҵϣͨ˵˸ûУֻҪôΪڰҪôȥ
ͬʱԶԮžҲԶҴ
һѣ쳹Ͽա
ѹ󣬾ˣͬʱٴδһͨ豸쳹
ǻԶԮžǽĪǰϲӵҪǰǡϲӵĳٺͻĺսʿĵȴһ£ǵĺսʿܿþͧȥӪǣ

Щר֮ǰѴط֪ǰҴǻĵľ˿ľӭչǺ죬ĪĻǻ̲ס
ڻͬʱҲԵظ̾Ļģǿˣ
Īȹȥ
ڻЩרǻͬʱϲӵǿߣĪһкȻֱԾ뺣У̤ˮȳŻˣٶȼ졣
ϣЩΪѧ⺺רֻܿˣ޷˵Ӱطȴһ
ߵͷͬһ˸ǹһھֲӳԱǰȴ˵Ǵ
ܿ죬˱ӵ˻·Ȼ̤棬ͬһ㣬˲
ţ
ڿУ˻ȾѪط磬ҲطֲӳԱ壬һ˲䱻һͷռݣʲô
󣬲𰸣˼װϡ
ǺãϲӣĵĺսʿܿᶯþͧǰǵϾ
֮ѹסĵĺ棬Щκ͵Ⱥר˵һ
лл
Щרҷ׷лĿŲ۰Ͱ͵ؿǰľ
طУˡ
Ѹطԣοʡ
ְڣ̸ࡣطҡͷ
طУ﷢ʲô
طĻһӵϽεľǿߣ̲סʵ
泤٣ʱ򣬺ڰѾˡ
ط翪ڻӦƽﾫظˣԼִԼһУûἰǵ¡ϵ˵ݺʵ
ʵϣطֻ֪ǵʵ֪ǵݡ

طĻڣϲӵľǿ߶ɵˣͬʱеһ¡
Ϊط˵ԵʱΣطһЩûʻֱĻǲֲӵĳԱҪЩڸȫȽӻרǣٴαڰ²ߣ
ٺڰĴ֮󣬵ǴɱˣȻɱˡңǰҴϵģڱըлǵĴ
ʱҽѧ̲סڲڽ봬յʱһطǵ¡ϵĶԻ

ٴһȻԼͬʵطУʲôʵ
֡
һΣط翪ڻӦϵǵ绰ˡ
óǵ绰ϲܲ磬ֱӽͨ
ãǸղŵõһǳҪ鱨ڰĺڰ˸ǵ¡̿˵ĴϱϺ;޸֯Ĵ˹ǴǰǸƬˡ
ǵķǲҪרңҼпܻɱֲȫԱ̼ܲӿٶȸֹǡ
ܿ죬Ͳдһ
ϲӵ鱨ˣн鱨ϢȻתܲ
ûлش
ǵ绰ط磺طУɱ𣿡
Ҳ֪˵˳ʲôҲ֪ЩǷǡ
طҡͷȻҿԿ϶㡣һǴ˶Ǿǿߡڶڰ˶ˡ
ৡ
طĻڣǿߵɫ䣬г𾪣
û
𾪣
Ϊǿߣӵмᶨǿ־ʱ˿̣𾪵Ըӣ
Ϊͨط͸©ϢԿ϶طɱǿǸǵ¡Ϻ˹еˣһпڱըȥˡ

𾪹һǵ绰ֲָܲӹ١طУԻɱ˰ǵ¡Ϻ˹кڰĵˣ
˵ʲôԻĵط磬һ˼еˣϵ۰ڿЦôôܣҪ֪ǵ¡Ϻ˹˿Ǿǿ߰
绰ͷϲӵ鱨ɵˡˣȫ˵һС
ģҵĻô˵ûЩģȥ㱨ɣ
ֱӴ˶ԷĻȻ󲻵ȶԷ٣ֱӹҶ˵绰ǵ绰
ৣ
һУֱֱ̧ۣط羴
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ͬʱǿߣҲһط羴
һ̡
ûطʵ֤
ҲûѯطΪʲôԻɱǿߡ
þׯϡʥľٶӢ۱˳ߵľ⣡




1714 ľ
ཡཡ
绰ͷϲܲ鱨ˣͲﴫɳţط磬һ˼ǿڵкڰĵˣô˵ȥ˭ţ
Ȼ
ֱ֮Ӷҡˡ
Ϊ˽֪һǿߣͬҲһѪˡ
ǾԲſڿӵģ˵
ϢܲЩһǵıʲôӣȫΧɶ𶯣
ϲӵ鱨侲֮𽥽˵ǸеޱȻϢͬʱðʡ
ûд𰸡
Կ϶εطϲӵӰǰ󣬶ľϲӵĻȨҲǰδеĵزпȡվԵĻȨ
ϾϢ֮ǰΪ׵սˣǶط絹һ㵼ֲʧܡǼӵУ

Сʱ
ԻԶԮŵĺսʿǣͨͧȺϾߣרתƵ˾ϡ
ͬʱطǿߣǾֲӳԱҲ˾ϡ
Ȼжû𵽾Եã򱣻ЩרҶͬӢۡ
ǵȥһߵǣڵĹҡ
֮⣬ǻᱻϲӡ֯䷢ʿѫµȡ
һк󣬾ȻͣںϣȴϲԱǰϡ
ֵܣţ
칫ңĪרΪطһԼ᲻úȵնھԺʣżģθ̫ãʶնθ
Ī˵ţһݸط磬Ȼط˴Ĵָ
ΪѾ֪طһУΪ˶е壬˵Ͷأ
Ī磬ְڡ
طЦЦȻһڲ裬ֱӵ൱
ֵܣתƻ⣬ȲĶѹǲ⺺ͺñѧ⺺һ
Īûһ䣬ȻһϵֵܣⲻƨǷԷθ˵ģǰҲΪʲôΪηˡƾ飬˵ǻľӵľĵĹ֮Ϊ
Īˣֻ˸飬ͺñսʿԮԮͺñȱ߽սʿļΪر߽һǷְֹͬͬ
طҡҡͷֵúǫѷҲʵ뷨
ֵܣһģȻǶԼķʽһУ˹ǻľϲӵĻȨ
ĪͬҡͷԵ˵Ѿֲ֪ӵһ飬Ԥеϲδľƻᷢ仯
һΣطûнӻĬĬƷ衣
ţúȲ׼ȷЩ
Сʱط뿪Īİ칫ңҡ
ϲӵľǿ߶ڣصڵط硣
طţӭӡ
ٺãط羴ʺá
أ㲻Ҫǳܲ𡣡
һǿæڣطĳƺѾطУأ׽ء
ǵģأĹͺʵȫԺһνһǿߵͷ
ط磬ǽһɱǿߵɡ˿ɶƵľǿߣ֮κһ֮еһˣûаջܣҪ˵ɱ
Ҳˣطɱǿ߹̺ܸȤͬҲطʵܸȤ
֪ģͻ˾硭
طһ£ڡ
֪֪ͻ˾ǿ߾磡һϲӵľǿЦŴϡ
طЦãûнԼֻͻ۷ǿ߾Ǽ򵥵ؽԼɱǵ뱾˵Ĺ˵һ¡
һָ
Դ书
ͬ޵еս
أֱţ
طǿ߷׷׸̾
ǳĬ˼ӣűһ仰ط磬̹ܽٺܺգҪɣ

ط硣
ʱһսʿ˽ǳݵؿطһۣش磡
ط΢ЦͷǻӦ
λ٣ֲĴϵˡ
սʿٴοڣ˻㱨
߰ɣһȥӭӡ顣
طǿûκ飬һͬ߳˻ңȻ˾ļװϡ
װϣĪѾǰ֪Ϣ˰źͲصվڼװϵȺ򣬼ط缸ˣкȻ׷׽ĿͶԶʻִ
ܿ죬ǵעУ˺Х
սİɳġŽ͢Ŀ׵ٺͷսڶȳž
泤٣ǽʰȫĿĵأڼû⵽κϮ
˵Ǵ֮ɰɳĿڻ㱨
ţ
£ǲط˿ڣĿ㱻ֲӳԱ˹ȥ
ڰǿߣǰץЩרңͬʱҪɱǡǾڱЩרҵʱɱˡ״͡
٣Ǽʱϵ룡
ɳġ׵ٺڶԣһ¡
ȻΪ˻ɱ˺ڰľǿߣǱɡ
Ҫлǵָӹ١ط磡
ҡҡͷˡ
ţ
ɳġ׵ٺڶһµؿط硣
˵ִ֮ǰڰѾˣҿרҡطڹؼʱ̸ϵһˣɱ˰ǿڵкڰˣһ͡

ٴĻɳġ׵ٺڶ˾Ŀɿڴ
ɬؿط磬ȫһͷ⣺ôģ
ûд𰸡
жطӾη
һͬ޵Уͬ޵еĴڣ
гͷȴҲ벻һ㡣
طֻ۷ǿ߾




1715 ҪؼҴԺ
Զ³ǰ׵ʱ򣬻ԶԮžʻĺۣͣۿ
һ·ϣԶԮžû⵽κι
һ棬ڰ֮ǰɳԱץЩרҡɱֲѾˡ
һ棬ǵ¡Ϻ˹˶Ǿǿߣڰ˵Ļֻܳ벽ǿˡ
벽ǿ߶ѧԣͬ׽磬ֻãһãǽζȫս죡
һ򲽽ڰɳ벽ǿ߼ʱϵҲԲҹĵľ
ս
ԻĽʱյĹûκһҡ顪ŭԸܣ
ͷϣʹݵĹԱάսʿѵȺʱ׼߸רҡ
Ҳϲľ
֮ǰϲӵĴǣ׷ױطΪĿɿڴ
УλУصش绰֤һӻҡ
ԭ˵ѲΪֲӵģ
žֲͣӵĳԱۼ
ʿǣϲӵĻֲ񵽴˽ʱԻصԵļ磬Ƚµټϡ
ԶԮžļװϣϲӣطΪ׵ֲתľ
Ȼ˵֪ΪΪ׵ֲӶط絹һֲ¼Ҳʵ
ϲȫ֣Ϊı䣡
ǣ٣
ط˴ǵԤС
طУ˵ʲôɡĿͶط磬֮гء
õģ١
طͷȻУߵԣĿδӰɳġ׵ٺڶڵֲĳԱɨ
ͬʱҲڿط磬Ŀгžη
ɳġ׵ٺڶ⣡
ǾطΪӵָӹ٣˵κΣնǰ棬Ҫãڣƾһ֮ˡӪʣ
ηطǿʵһˣǿڵĵˣ붼飡
ܹһսһ񣬺źûбľսѡ
ط翪ˣûԵʱǿѪǳϣӽǲҵսѣҲҵѣӭǵͣ
ৣ
£ط̧ұۣ˾
лл٣
٣ܹһսǵң
٣ܹΪѣⱲĽ

طĻط羴ЩսԱǼÿڣȻ׷׻طһ
һĻɳġ׵ٺڶףطǿʵ˸ÿһԱ޷ģҲȥҲϲϵġ
ͬʱսӵһۣоǸ̾طǻ֮ңҲϲ֮ң֮ң
󣬶ɢطÿһλֲӵĳԱȭ˵ĸ֣ڡ
һУӥǰȥĪ
Ϊ˫ȫˣҪɻȸϻػģȻ󾡿˫ȫ
ͬеĻʮ֮ǰصʡ
ĪźսʿʹɵսϵõĺϽֱۺս׷ػġ
µ񣬶񼶱𼫸ߡ
ΪûĳЩоͻͽӶڲõĽһսʿ
ԻľĶԣǼҪ飡
ֵܣλȥһҪԤһʱ䣬һǷǶپƣĵ֣ǲ飡Īط磬΢Ц˵
õģĪ磬ڼ
طͷȻӥ˳ĪȺսʿ
У˫ȫΪұ۱˺ˣõ֡
ৡ
ĪڣԶԮĺսʿ׷׻ؾط˵Ŀгž
Ƿĵؾ֧ӣֻˡ
ʵ

͵ʹݵ˽ЩרҵͬʱֲѴ˸
ģྩɽǶ¥
Ҷɡպٴξһ
Ƕ֪طֲһУͬǰһף
ɰο¶¶˰ֱӰﻪϲӻ˸ĻȨ
սһͷһЦųɹϲ
СɲǸ;¶Ҳڸǻ֯ѧųӡϾֲȫ󶥼ǿˣ˺ڰһǿߣ
ɿǫѷ˵ţʵЦ춼ϲ£ˡ
ҾͲҪവˣ㿴˼Ҷ𣿡ЦŴ˸
ҶĬԼһơ
һĬһ̣Ц۾гһ϶
ʤ
Ǹкͽ꣬ûصޣһԱĻѹ;֮һһαϳɳѾӵ˾ǿߵս
Լĵӣʮ꣬ӵоǿս
⡭ҶζЦѵ飡
ҶЦЦ˵ͰĵĽ˵ɼ״Ц˵
һһлһõӡʿú󱲣
ҶûлشɣǶһƣ龴
Ҷ˵ûýⱭƸþæ͡
ⱭƣӦҾǣл˵
ˣҲˣⱭƣףСʤ
顪
ĸƱײһ
ĸүǣϲáһ
ˣɣȥ׳㱨𣿡
±Ӻ뵽ʲô˵
û׳϶֪ˡ
ҡҡͷȻһǵһΣҴСԴȥ׳㱨
ǧա
ؼӣҪؽؼҴԺˣ




1716 
ޣڰĳܾݵ㡣
ৣ
һΪǿ˵裬Ȼ˫ۡ
ֱ뿪֮󣬱ƣȻչˡֱָ˿̲Ž
͸˿ؿɴɴѪ߰ߡ
ͷһֵƣɫ
ԭļƻһĴ˽һΪĵֲ֮⣬˶ˣҲʧȥ֣
ֽȻķ޷ܣгź⡣
뵽ѾȥɱֲеĺһЩȻ뿪ҡ
ˣ
⣬Ϊڰغڰ˵Ĺ˹ѵȺʱ߳æӭȥ
ǵ¡Ϻ˹ӦѾ°Ⱥר˰ɣֲҲ˰ɣ
迪żɽʵ
ڱչǰطġѶ㱨ҵ֪ɳǵ¡˹ͱǿߴӵ顣
ûûС
˹ѲµôʣҲһ׼ʳںǸе˽־塣
Ϊ֪󣬻һŭ֮½
ǵʵףôڻûɣ
Ȼ˹Ļֱüͷ֮гŲ
񡭡ˣǵ¡˹ͱλ˱ɱˡ
˹ľսػش
Ȼ
һΣȹ˹Ļ˵꣬㱻شϣǱɱˣ˭ɱǣѵ֪ǵļƻɳ˾ǿߣ
ǣǡǡǻط硭
˹Ŭ˰죬˵࣬൱ӡ
ƺֱڣ޷ʵ
㡭˵ʲô
ٴ˹Ļ㱨˼Ƶģɴ۾š
طɱ˸ǵ¡˹ͱˣڿʲôЦһˣȻɵսΧѾ
ҡûʵôɱ˸ǵ¡Ϻ˹ˣ
˵ǵͺ˿Ǿǿߣ
񡭡ˣҲ̫˼ˣǵõϢϢѾȷˣһЩ鱨
˹ǿĵĲ־壬˵׼õ˵ǡ
鱨ʾطͻ˾ǿ߾ɱɵսĴˣȻʻͨǼֱϵȺרڵĵص㣬ɱ˸ǵ¡Ϻ˹ˣ
طͻ˾ǿ߾
ɵˣ˰ӲŻعһŵʵ㻪طǸ쵰ͻƾǿ߾ոͻƣܷӳþսϻˣôɱǵ¡Ϻ˹˵ģ
񡭡ˣھϸڣ鱨ûʾ
ž
·Ϊӡ֤˹Ĳ²ƵģһΣ˵꣬ŭɶһֱӽˡ
ڼȵķŭлһ˿ǣһƽ˹
һ֮費֪йеŭ𣬻ǻָ侲ûٶԹ˹֣Ҳûȥѯʹ˹κ⣬ֱϵ鱨š
øȷϢǵ¡Ϻ˹ࡣ
ʵϣԣ˵ҪҪǱطɱģ
ŭʧصԭҲҪѰԭ

ͬʱ

ʹ׺ʹصһ䷿䡣
÷
λʹ֮⣬ֻŮʸķ䡣
ŵƣһƬڣֻܿмһɫӰ

ϥڵϣѪɫ
ɫɫ
Ϣֲǻ׺ʹˣ뷿֮Ҳеһļ¡
񡣡
׺ʹһʱϹ̬ȹ˼¡
Ƕĵľη
ǷݾηԴǿʵ
ȻѾܶûмˣ֪ʮǰͽӽͻƴ˵еˡ
仰˵ʮǰҲһֻɱ׼
ڰʹڱչô
𣬵ͳɳƣһëȻĸо
ǵģֻ˰Сʱֱչˡʹڻص
Ϊ˱ǿ󣬿һУԼĺӣ
ԣΪ⣬ͬʱԻ׺ʹ˵ǿĵطҲΪʲôܹڱǰ£ܹɳزϣ񾳣

׺ʹԶԡ
Ϊǵ֪ӱɱ֮󣬾ȵβ͵èһֱըëˣֱҪǵ¡Ϻ˹ֲɱеʣΪǵĺӱ
ǵ֪ǵ¡Ϻ˹Ҳطɱ֮󣬳֮⣬ĻǷŭԹޡ
ǷݷŭԹޣһҪȥɱط磬ΪԼӱĳ嶯
ǵ¡Ϻ˹飬Ҷ֪ˡ
״ٴοڵ鵽Ϊֹ
Ϊʲô
׺ʹһ
ΪεжȻʧˣһʧһδĴεǺ񻺻ڡ
ָ˻Ϊڧ׺˲˼ǿȷϡ
ǵġ飬˳Ϊһɢɳǵ߸ĸֽҪã
ͷȻǸϣǳ֣˵˾ͻɱ
׺ʹٴγĬоΪ˵ĿԺܴ
һ棬Ϊ׵ս˶ط絹һֱӽ˵ڧϣ˵˺Ƥ˽˶ɢ
һ棬طȺɱձ߹ŵӡŷںսĴˣһ뾡һа취ط磡
Ǹ˵ؿԻսʱôǳֽ
ۿ׺ʹɲٴοڣһЩ
Ϊƶߣڶʩյ¯࣬Ѻ;滪׺ʹԴΪ֮˿ġ
ϾҪΪЧս
սʲôʱ죿
һοѯʵʹ
ڰʹ´γ֮ʱ
˵ţüĿ֮ڴ
ڰʹ¹˹ľϲҲΪδǳսǿɱﵣ




1717 ϧһдɱط
ҹĻ٣ӡһɲһƬž
ɲӡû̫֪ȣͨɮУҲֻһ
ӡĸɮУӡΨһʥأ
ɲһ䷿ӡдڣӡŷڵλʥɮһ
ŷ⣬Կдüͷɫʮѿ
֮ǰǽĦڭٻʱγ˽Ȼķ
һ죬緢һҪչͼļƣҹճδͼ
ճͼͬˮ¡лڡ
ΪӡŷǿĴĦڭˣѺעսҲ⵽˻Դ
Ϊ׵ս˶طеһ鴫˳˵ͳͳط͵ڣ
طǸϣôͻƾǿ߾磿
ڣİƣһʥɮʵ
ѵ֪طɱĦڭս˵ϸڣûףطΪοͻơ
ûлش
дһʥɮĬҲ֪ġ
µѾûˡ
ݵĳĬһʥɮҲˣдʵҪǣǽô죿ҪҪԻطǸϽб
£ʥɮдȴд
ܱ
дһֱ˾ϣȻ󲻵ʥɮѯʣ˵Եɣһ飬ǲռûı
ڶǸѾͻ˾ǿ߾Ҫɱɳǿľǿ߻֮˳֣¶ĿԺܴһ¶⵽ѧķ񱨸
ҲҪһ㣬Ǹɱսˣսɱսְɡ
á
λʥɮͷǶдľûκ顣
ΪҲ֪ӡŷ뻪ѧ֮ʵ̫ѹû뻪ѧ翪սʱ͵óȻ֣ٴθսǹҺпܻ֮֡

ӡŷһսҲٿһ顣
սڣ벽ǿȫزμ˻顣
Ϊɵ˵սһ޴ʧس̶ȲǼٲһսսᴫȫ𣬼ڶ˴У
ΪѧǿģսڶʱҵõѧӣͨһʮǿĴˣ졣
οĿǰȫĸֺƣѾûʱսȥˡ
˵ɫܹγˮֲɱÿһռ䣬Ǹо·ʱᱩɱˡ
ϲǱҪɵԻطǸϳֵ飬֮͡⣬ȫѧҲҪսͣ˵ǻֻġ
ڴ˷İ
սǰĸˣս֡Ȼ磬Ϊ

Ļһ벽ǿŭһϵɱŨ
ɵ˶طǸɱˣϲӺȫѧ˾ȻҸҪͣ
һ벽ǿҲŭɶʶսһǸ߸ϵġ
˵齫Ӱ쵽ϲӵƿȨȨϣܹóĽ
ûǿߵɧǿ
ϲӺȫѧˣɼ˵ΪڸΪս
ΪֲѵرطˣĴ⣬жжԻطˡ
ڿˣ²ƺһҲĿֲɱ⣬ڸڳˣǺεȵķŭ
á
ͷ
벽ǿûпڡ
ȻǶ֪ԼΪǿӦԵĻ潫⵽ϲӺȫѧ˵Ʋá
Ƶɵϣ޶ȵؽսӰ졣
Ȼ
Ƕ֪õѡ񣬵еŭ𲻼
Ϊһʱίȫصͷ
ҡֻΪһˣ
ǿʱϲӺȫѧ˵ͷ¾ôˡ
ܿ죬һ벽ǿ߿ˣͳɭ䣬һУǻطǸɵģɱ
ǵģǸϣǿֲĻȨδǳսϲӺȫѧҪóͣ
طǸϱҪɱ
벽ǿ߷׷׿ڸͣǵ֮гɱ⣬Ǹо·ط磬ɵˡ
ǸѾͻ˾ǿ߾ɱֻгǿĴڣ֮˳֡Ҳˣ侲
ڲ벽ǿߵǰ£ϧһдۻɱطǸϣ
¶ٴοˣ˾ն
ط磬
ս̬ȣ


1718 Ů˵İ飬˵ս
Ϧ£·˹ԡڽɫĹ£ۼ
ߵıΪ֯˵ϯߣϵΧȹڳ
ʳϯ߳Ϳ֮⣬顣
ţš߲ɳ桭
Ȼֻϯһˣţź
ϯͣ˵ϵʱ˱
ͬͬһɫȹһ˫ϣһͷ̷Ͱ͹µģȲʧУֲȱɡ
ȣɱԤеʮСʱ춼ڸʲôأϯЩɻسʵ
֯ʮСʱǰ֪طֲһУȲ֪ܲ
չÿȵ֪йطĶ֮󣬶һʱϯߡ
үүţˣŹЦգգ۾
Ǻǡ
ϯ߸ЦһÿϵĿ⿴ȣȣװŮΪһĹ𣿡

գĴ۾һ޹
ʵ飬ûķݡϯв
үүʵ̫ˡ
ƲƲ죬Ȼϵ֪طϢ֮󣬱һֱݡ
ݣϯ߲⡣
ţݡģ⵱ʱĳһС
ȵͷ˫˸Ĺ󣬡Ҹ˽
ȣڵܡ
ϯֻһۣ׼䡣
Ȼ
ʶԼе⣬Ҳµϯ˵ʲôϯ˵ڣֱӴϵүүοԤˡ
ôˣ
ϯ߹Ȼתע
˵ε飬Ϊطĥѣ˵
ԴһֻСȸǸо·ԼطһлҪ
ȣĥѲѡ
ϯ߾⣬ȻݣӦ֪һǶôļѡ
ͦѵġڹؼʱͻƾǿ߾ɡ
ΪӣؿԼֵȺǰȥȻ֣ǵ
ΪȻȻ۷Ź͵ܹͻƣ˸е˼飡
ͻһ棬ͻƵʱҲܹؼסսԱҲȷؼʱ̸ϵĿĵأЩȫרҡϯ߲
ǵģһĻúܱܹɱеˣʣҲѣֲӵĳԱ
ȵͷȻգգ۵үүѵ㲻ִˣ
Уոͻƾǿ߾һȻɻɱǵºͱϣҲ档
ȣװŮУвĵط𣿡
ϯ߷˸ۣԼŮжԽԽˣ쵽޿ɾҩĵزˡ
Ϊȵֻ̣Ҫ΢һЩ뵽󶥼ǿˣһͻƣȻǸþжĴڡ
Ǹǵ£Ǳ϶ǾǿĴڣطУһǳ顣
үүţżò
ʲôûƵģ治ɫĲϯߵĶ棬𵶲棬ʼţš

ϯߡ
үүΪݱʲôӣ
ȽһСţͽϸ֮ٴοʵ
ûлشϯר־ţţȥڡȡ
ΪȻʧأյĽȴǶġ˻ΪķѣšһԸ˺սΪƳ١
ۿϯ߱ܶ˵Լļ⣬Իطԣһ£ԸɳĻᡣ
ţѾǾǿˣ´ͻƾǰ벽ˣʱϼû˿ɱˡ˵ΪþĴڡ
ĳɳٶȣͻƴ˵еҲǼпܵġһͿΪеˣδʱ
£̧ͷϯ
ȣҪҪүүȥģ˵ҵıŮҪ޸ȻҸֻ񣿡
ϯͻȻЦеʵ
ৣ
ȵ˲һƬͨ죬Ȼµ棬Ǵ̵ʿһӳ˲
ģȻŮ˱ϣ
ȥıӰϯƵһ䡣

͵ϯߡ˴̵ͬʱྩѾҹ
ྩɽֻ֯ܲĵİ칫Һŵƹ⡣
һײβֻģڰ칫ҡ
׼ȷ˵翪ʼû뿪
ʦСǳĿͻСʱྩʻ䡣ս칫Һ󣬳ֻĻ㱨
ڶ
ֻĿʱ䣬˵
õģʦ
ȻЩɻʵʦСºպսҲȥӭǰҴ֯ȥ㹻ˡ
սֻһ档ֻҡͷ
ַͨʽ̬ȣӶС籣
һµʲôȻԥһµСѾǾǿˣ벽ǿ߲ûκΣտԡ
սձ̵ӡŷڳ벽ǿɱأֻĴϣʡ

ӿֳ𰸣֪벽ǿǿ֮Ĳࡣ
ڵƿȥСûκΣգʵκʱҪΣաʱֻˡ
Ϊʲôվõɴ۾
Ȼ޲ŲţϾûг׳ɳ󶥼ĹעעҲޡڲͬˣѾǾǿˣٽһǰ벽ǿˡ
ֻһǵ˵֮ͬսδܹһ£ΪЩг𣬻뻪ѧ粻Ըİ벽ǿߣһҲ𣿡
ǺܵС糹׳ɳ
һΣտڻشֻıԼ˴𰸣Ҹұ֤СıܿᵽǿɱС磬벽ǿ߾ͻˡ
ԣַʽ̬ȣа벽ǿ߶С֣ͻ֯ѧؽһٴʵ
Ǳǲݣ
ֻĿھȻ˵֮⣬еĿġ
ʲô
ҪؼҴԺҸվ̨
ֻĻڣն




1719 սʿ
賿㣬ྩƻͨ洦ɼкͷصοͣܵϲϵпͻɡ䣬ڷæת
ҹĻ£ĳƫƧͣλΧͣ
񳵣ͨƺ͵粣ǰǷõ֤ͨһһˡ
ֻġպƶɣһĿ⿴ǰȺ
ųƵĵƹ⣬ԿȺÿһ˵϶ڴ뼤
ڴǼĿͻ㽵䡣
ΪԼ˼
ǲǱˣʮʵ
ܿ죬ǵĵȴУһܿͻͬӥʳ£ƽȵؽڻܵϣȺԶͣλС
ˣɻˣ
һĻȺֱӷڣ˴£ӭɻ
ҲҪԭصȴɻỬеָͣλ
ʱĹԱֹ˵ľٶ
ԣǲҶҪӰĵȴǵ»
ŻԱĻ£ȺһװĺӣͻȻ˵
ǻĸס
ԭ֮ǰҪְǰѰҺӪԼӡŮĸϼ׳ֹҸطսСȫԱڵֲӳԱǰȥӪˡ
һ̿ʼٵġ
ţһܹʶӣ˾Ȼ
Σ˵
ŵʵ˼棡
Ļ˶׷ֹͣŲվԭأĵصȴŷɻͣȡ
Ƭ̺ǵעУɻָͣλͣȣŴ򿪡
Ⱥһ궯
ʮʻ߳ա
Сڣ
ӣ
衭
һʱ䣬ֺ쳹Ͽա
ЩȴǴӻ߳ʣǼءźԼˣȻڻ汧һţҲ޳һš
Сᣬ裡
һӻ߳ʶؿں˻ƣ˫ͨ죬
ͬʱǻĸףǻѣһֻŻһֻͣ档
ְ֣
ػС֣ûа˸У෴һõЦݡ
Ϊ֮߳ǰط籧˰죬طһڡ
ܿģһҲһţ޳һš
ĸһֱرһԣһֱ˵߸֣Բˡ
ԭ˽ٺļУĸײظ仰Щ֣Ҫѯʣȴһ
˵ѾžˣҽվһӣǵĶˣǵӵܱл
һλʮˣŮҲһʡ
ʧȥĸŮ֮ȥŮΨһˡ
֮ǰΪŮʧٵϢಡ
Ů۶֡
ڼ֮࣬ûǸж
ԣ
Ҫлˣ
˵ĻܿõӦЩԭǷ׷侲Ȼվһӣȴط˴ӻ߳
ܿ죬˵ĵȴУطսСȫԱӻ߳
ллˣ
ллӵܱ
ط˳֣֮⣬˷׷׾Ϲл
ھ
þʥľٶŶط˵ĸм
һл·ϵĸмϲãط磬ӥŮͻ壬Ƕһֱ۵˫ȫů
ǴԼһУˡ
ӵܱ񡢷񡪡ǵְ𣬴Ҳøл
ط˫ѹ˵С֮󣬻ڣʱ䲻ˣǿȥɣ
ৣ
£ط˫Ų£̧ͷͦأ̧ұۣ·˾
ৣ
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һΣǸжˮ
󣬰һڣڻԱİ£׷뿪˻
طŻ¡
ֻġպɼ״߳
ţ
ˣط˶һ
ӥ˶ԣǲʶֻĺգҲδǿɡ
û뵽ɾȻӻ
ط뵽ɻû뵽ֻĺҲ
ط˷㶵ͬʱֻĺͣ˽Ųֻɳ
ΪսСӣֻĺղӭӲá
ңǽΪطġ
׳սСӣ˳ϼ´ӪȻĹ30ˣȫ1ˣ0ˣָʾ
ۿطǰһ㱨
ৡ
طĻ£ӥٴξ
ৣ
ɼ״ֱͣ½Ųһׯϵسط˻
ֵǣˡ
ɷֱۣ˻Ƶ˵š
£ߵطǰָָطҼ磺˵𣿡
û£ܿͻˡطЦЦҩΪͻ˾ǿ߾ƻָٶȾˡ
Ǿͺá
ɰ˿ȻۣӥŮ塢ǰͣ½Ųļ򣬻ǰæװᡣ
˫ȫǰͣ˽Ų΢΢ָ˫ȫʧȥұ۵ļͷ˫ȫѾϵ301ҽԺˣҽԺǱߵרϾΪóƷϧһд۾ұۣ
ǣ
˫ȫ˲
ʱûпޣ෴õɱ
ʧȥһֱ۵ʱҲûпޣǳ´Ѫĭ
˿̣޵һӡ
Ϊ뿪


1720 Խ
ֵܣܿˡ
ɼ״ǰӵһ˫ȫȻ˫ȫĺ󱳡
˫ȫֹסᡣ
Ҳһۿӿ˻ȥȻӥ

ӥӦ
Ů˴˫ȫȥ301ҽԺרŵȺ˫ȫԺ´
ǣ׳
ӥһʱȻżطһ񳵡
С磬ȻоҽԺƺ񾭿ҽѧרңҾòգøҲ˵һȥ֮רҡ
ӥ뿪֮ɿڳط˵
׳Ҿôġ
طͷ׼֯Լ˽˵йϵҵһܹҵҽѧרҶ˫ȫоΣ߾ȫΪ˫ȫսĺϽֱۡ
һ˫ȫ뿪ӣҶԻľĶо޴壡
û˵ʲô
ͬʱֻĺ˹
ִʦ壬ôˣ
طȿֻĺʺãͬʱΪʲô
£
ЦգգۣС磬ʤʦӭӵָʦרӭӵģǵһ
ллִʦ
ط˫ֱȭлһ˫ء
ΪµֻصӭԼĿġӵֻĺͻ֯Լӣж壡
С磬ģҪ͡
ֻοЦЦطļͷֻҪһΪ벽ǿߣϾûܹɱˡ
ִʦʵһûнļһͻƾǿ߾Ŀǰֻ۷ǿ߾
طЦһûֻġպǰһ㡣
˶ʦѣһֱڸְ

ɲǼ䣬ֻġպȫסˡ
Ϊֲӵƶߣɶѧ򲢲İ֪벽񾳡ǿߡ۷ǿ֮
֪طֲԲḶ́һ˺ҶաǶ¥Сۡףףط˳񣬸ףطͻƾǿ߾
ط˵Լûͻƾǿ߾ܲ𾪣
ɶԣֻġʦͽе𾪣ֱ޷ݣ
Ƕѧʦӵǿ־һŴ࣬طĻֱ˾ξˣ

ӺֻĲһϵ𽥱ȡС磬˵ֻͻ۷ǿ߾ɱսĴˣȻָϵЩרڵĵطɱǿߣ
š
طͷȻһ£װֱĿնԵصͻɱһǿߣȻڴɱǿߡ
ֻĳĬˡ
Ϊ֯ȫѧƶߵӵа벽񾳵ʵѧ˽⣬ûм˱ǿ
ܹ۷ǿ߾ɱǿߵߣһǰѵһľ
ոͻ۷ǿ߾ܿ羳ɱеģճɳ󶼳ưһʱ
ط硭
ոͻ۷ǿ߾ϴˣһжɱǿߣ
ֻĲ֪ʲôݡ
ҡǶΪͻ˾ǿ߾
ʱջعŵؿط磬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Щ״Ρ
طͻƻ۷֮һֱδֻġյ˽飬ʶ˶ľ磬ֻ֪ʵ˵ս׼ȷЩ
С磬һ㣬˸˵֮⣬˵𣿡
յĻ£ֻĻָ侲ٴοʵ
ûСطҡͷ
ǾͺãסϢ׽ŵùˣ˲Ҫ˵ֻĿڶ
ԭΪطɱǿߣֻľжϵж񱨸пܳ벽ǿߡ
񣬵֪طֻ۷ǿֻ֮𾪡֮࣬ҲϢһжԻ벽ǿ߻ɱط磡
ΪطսǱ̫ˣ˹Щ˵гưһʱľ
طһ׳ɳս޷󣬽ежجΣ
ûһж鷢
ִʦס
طͷֻ֪⣬Ҳ뵽һ㡣
ΪˣڻԶԮûиϢڴ֮ǰûиκˡ
ԸʦҹЦ˯š
Ҳ𽥴лعЦŵ٩
һοͽؿط硣
ȻطĳɳѧʵûһëǮϵ
طıĶӳľĽ
һ̣Լţƣﵽ۷壡
ֻû˵ʲôֻһڴؿط硣
۷ǿ߾ط磬֮٣ӵ˿µսôǿ߾أ
ǷܹƹĽս벽񾳣
벽񾳵ط磬Ƿܹӵд˵񾳵ս
ֻĿţһһͷþƽ
ˣС磬ȻȥĩڼҺúˣһһȥ׳㱨
ۿֻûٿڵ˼ɿ˵
á
طͷȻս˫ȭ
һ죬ˣ




1721 ө֮֮
طɵרྩ½ԺԺſڵʱ賿㣬ֵϳϡ٣Ժſڿյģսʿֳָǹֱվſڣվ
ڴԺſͣһ£һսʿһֱ֤ӷˡ
ʱԺһƬֻһ¥ŵƹ⡣
Ľ¥
һĻطһ㱣ļͬˮһӿ֡
ȥ֮ǰΪľųǵĻħһԺӵܡ
ȺԺӵܣÿ춼˵ȻصҵʱԺ󣬵ÿһΣĸԼҡ
ʱĸ׻߶֣ԼײֻǳĬطԼң֮ûκν
طʱڵĻ䣬ҲǸĸһڹ͡
֪Ӧڵ㡣
ط㱵ͬʱҲסŵƹ⣬ڽһ䣬Ȼطļ򣬵ȥúϢһ£һ㡣
õģ׳
طͷδɿʲô
ܿģ˽¥ǰ˯£һ£վǰصصȺš
Ž¥ǰĵƹ⣬طһ۱㿴˸׵ӰҲ˸һڼЦ⡣
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طƿţ³
ЦЦ˽ϵľ£첽ӭ˹
ХͬһϣЩۣҲеһ⣬ȴůġ
ط״жۣһΣֱԣ֣ô䣬վ棬ҪңڼҾа
վûӣ¡Цҡҡͷ
һ̰ˣЦݣĲá
Ϊ֪ӹȥһʱһУҲ֪ƾֲӵĹ԰ĵشڻģʱءػؼҡ
ӣҲͷ桢͵͵ػؼˣ
䣬ҾͲ㺮ˣǿȥɡ
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֣ǽȥɡ
ط͸Ŀɵרͷ뿪ٴοڴߵ
á
˵ͷȻط߽˼С
ɳ˯ˣϸһСë̺
쿪һᣬۣҪ㣬˯ˡ
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ط̾˿Ȼ豧䣬Ϣʲô˵ңҽڵģʱԻ
á
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ط״űűصԼķ䣬˸裬ϴһȻڴϣ׼ڤбﴫ
ӻ𣿡
ţˡ
ѽΪʲôң
Ҫģ˵ʲô˵ұط˯
ֱҪң֪Ҷûò׻Ȼң

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ûʣȥӦû¡
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ᴩʵ˯£˳֣Сʱһطӣˣ
£˫΢΢Щ졣
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裬Ժ󶼲ˣȥ˯ɣģ֪ʲôҶ㡣
طܹܵĸ׵˼ͼ¶õЦݡ
á
ջ֣Ĩ˰ᣬҸѩԼˣһȥгˣһڼԷ
á
طЦŵͷԺֳ︡ѩӰЩ
Ҳܾûмѩˣ֮ǰÿʱ䶼ܶݣֻݡ
תط˷š
طҲصԼķ䣬һȻϥڴϣʼڤ
ͬʱ
һʻྩĳߵı
ΪؼҴٵǣһس߽˱
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ջû˯˹ǰǡ
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˵ܳȥȾơ
ջȻȻ뵽ʲôЩƵˣطˡ˵κ˴󹦣ӦÿԳϴˢ

ܹӻ֮еƣЦֻܼβͻǶƽ¥Զ̤ؼҴԺ벽
Ҳԣվؼӣؼδƶߣө֮֮ԣûпɱԡոŵͷ
١ûؼҵĹ⻷ֻһ򡣶û׼ǳӣǱץߣǼͬɥ֮ȮһģԴ
ϵЦŨˣеĺҲʼ
Ϊ뵽Լһһαط簴ڵĦ̤ǷؼҴٵĽ
Ҳû뵽طһҲȥؼҴԺ
ȥ


1722 ݵƽעƽ
Ķ죬úӵʱջһƬڡ
طڤϴһȻ߳ңһ¥˲
װ࣬󼦵
ط缫䲻͡
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δȥ֮ǰûǷġ
ǰӣδ顣
֮ĸ׽ɱһţӲĻᣬÿζһӲˡ
ңؼҵĴָ
һΣѵÿؼˣָĸˣһֱΪ鵣£Ϊĸʲô
Ϊֲֻǵ
ʮ֣¥µʱطѾ뿪˳ڿˡ
֣ܲ
ط翴¥Ц˵
á
ͷгϰߣһֱš
طڼҵӣطܣط粻ڼңԱš
߳¥ɢԺĲٳ
ٳϣԺսʿѾʼѵˡ
طĵ˵ע
ղͬЩսʿûȥΪԺ׳ͳͳط磬Ŀ̺ź棬ǳݣ
ΪطһЩ¼ѾľӪ֮սʿǶԣ׹
սʿǿɶݵúܰ
һĻ̲סЦЦЦгŽ
ΪԼһĶӶе
طЦЦû˵ȻʼŸŲٳܡ
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Դϰ̸Һĺ֮Ǻ˺ܶࡣͷȻŲΪߡ
ǾͺãһҪ֡
ط
ʵ̫ү̸Լغܲ򵥣Ǹײ䣬ÿռϰԴﵽǿ塢ٵЧ
š
ӦһطǼӣֹ
գߵĻ˻ȥطһͬؽ¥
طԼµҪȥؼҴԺ㱨飬û˵Ҳûἰ
ط븸׻ص¥ʱĸѾˣҽͶ˵˲ϡ
ϳط簾ļ֮⣬ͷ̲˺ţ̡
ˮ̫ˣ̫ϡ
ط縸Ӷ˽ţΪ࣬¿ѵ
һȻؿط硣
裬Ұģ鲻㡣طЩεЦЦ
ɵɵӣҪͺˡ˵ţȦͺˡ
Ȼ
ΪǶ֪ǶصΪ͡

طһ˳Թͺ󣬽¥屻ˡ
طȥţȻԭء
Ϊѩ㡣
һβ裬ϻŵױһɫ޷һɫĴ׿㣬һ˫ɫ˶ЬûŮǿ˵Ƕ˼ڼŮʡ
ûϴɾ𣿡
ѩӭطĿ⣬طοӣϸ˺üӣ΢Ц֣طǰ˻Ρ
ôô磿طЦʡ
ɵӣȥ˿϶Ҫ簡
ѩ㿪ڻشߵطߣеץסѩ۰С֣ĵʣѩ㣬ȳԵ緹ɡ
̣ҳԹˡ
ѩؿطһۣȻЦŻص
Ǻãȥ·ȥС
˵ţֿطһۣС磬㿪ǣ˳ˡ
á
طɿشӦţЦݡ
ܾöûƽˡ
Դϳؼңһһˣһһɱÿ춼֮ǻ
ط翪ᡢѩУȻ˵󣬿ѡŸʵ߲˺Ʒ൱Ĭ
Ϊˣط֪ѩ϶ûĸףҲֹһĸ׹С
ط¶ˡ
Դѩصྩ֮жôҪ飬ÿĩȻһᡣ
δϹ
ط˻صʱѾʮˡ
صҺ󣬱ѩһͷ˳ʼæ緹
ʮʱһ׼ʱذ˲ϣѩĽǰߴ֡
֮⣬ϻƿͷƿƣļصһ٣Ҫһ˺úóһٷ
ӵʱˡƿƱˣطѲ˳һ룬ƺ͸һһƿ
ССᣬȥүƿơ
ƿӣҪط絹ƣƿѾˣŤͷ˵
УһƿǳԷǰõģҾ㶼ˣȣȥ˯һᡣᴵӵ۵ؾܾ
һƿҺͶһ˰ƿвãָʾΪʾ
С
ն
ҳ̡
ֻ÷Ȼ֧̣ţݸطһ֧
״ûֹ
طȻûг̵ϰߣǽ˹
СС磬˵ȥؼլӸ㡭׳㱨
̣վûס̸飬˵үүʱĿˡ
š
طͷ
ѩ㶼ˣǲ֪顣
С硭
Զ˵ʲôöԭؽöؽҸ㣬ⲻܣôԶӵģ
һΣĻ˵꣬㱻ˣû˼ѩڳ˵ȫѩ㵱Լˡ
ָߵĻ˻ȥͷĬĬ̡
֣飬д㡣ط翪˵
û˵ԼҪҲûʡ
ѩͬҲûʣаԼ
ؽ𣿡

ͬʱؼҴԺ鷿
׳ֲִϣϲϸЩϸڣ˵㱨ȫһݱݸؽ
á
ؽͷӹ㱨ϡ
׳˵Ϊ˻㱨øϸһЩսСӶӳֲָӹطһһͬǰ
ȫֲһ䣬ͬʱСؿؽ
ؽ΢΢һ۾оâ˸
һĻȫæͷȥؽĮ
һʱ䣬鷿ձʮѹ֡
Ƿѹ֣ȫ޷ĸо
ԡ
ӺؽӦ
׳ɶԼ˾ŵ㱨ȼ˭
ȫ˿Ȼʳһʮֵּ⡣
ǾͶŵ㡣
ؽ治ɫָʾ
ǣ׳
ȫһʱȻؽûָʾת뿪鷿
ؽû㱨ߵߣԺϻ
׳ʲô
ͬʱȫ뿪鷿̲סаԼ
ûд𰸡
ȫԿ϶һ¡
죬ؼҴԺעƽ


1723 ٴؼҴԺ
ӵʱһγɽĳԺ
һͨĺγûиţ֤ͨҲͨȴ˳ؽ˼Ժ
һУֻΪڸʻλϵǣվڵսʿˢһ
ǵĸؼҵĿߣҲԺȨ֮һûսʿʶ
֮ǰھʱ򣬶סڼԺȻսضƽ𣬵ÿλؾؼԺ
һ£ԺľʮϤ
ǵõ֤ͨ
ʻλϣ˳Ժǲһ΢Ц
ⲻһθԺҲǵһμˢȻĪԺ
ϾԺųƽԺûпǵûʸס
Ĺ񣬵¼ԺżܸߣҪ˵ͨˣһֻҪԺЩ¥˲ֱϵ޷ȥ
ܿ죬ռʻźγ2Ž¥¥ǰ
2Ž¥ס
ҲӲӡ֤Ժĵλ
ʱ仹磬ǵȵȰɡͣȣǿ˵
á
պܹɵصͷһƴӵ̬
Ūһγûյ˾ĿֻһȥؼҴԺ
ԺżȺǽǵżͣؼˣǽռۻᣬ̤Ժӣһǳѵ顣
ܹڽ죬ԺнؼҵĵλͬҲھȦĺŹȦӵĵλ
ܷؽҪҪؽͬ⡣
ʮ֣žװӵسţֱߵ˺γԡ
֡
Ǻͻ³߸ڵΪš
գδе⣬Ҳû˵ʲô
Ȼ֪顣
׼ȷ˵ûǾҴŻȥؼҴԺ
ŹأԶͨøࡢϡ
һ㣬ܿ߷ڣǰϵںţ˵Ŀǡ
õģ֡
æڻӦȻ
ؼҴԺλྩĵĵشɽԶ
СʱǺͻ˲ؼҴԺڵĺͬ
Ϊһİͨĺγڽ֮ͬ󱻾̲顣
֮ͬǰԺһҲͨˢͬġ
ͬǣһΣˢ
ûˢؼҵĴû˿Զ߽Ժ
׼ȷ˵ڡ
λΪؼҶ˻ʱطʱˡ
λģҲλ˶ط簮
Ȼ
λȥؽסԺӣط粻ʧȥ˽Ժӵʸ񣬶Ϊؼҵӡ
ؼҴԺſڵʱȫѾվȴˡ
ΪؽĴأ˵һʱӵ˾ԱĻ㱨֮⣬ӵĶš
ͣȣǺͻ³
ȫˣͫ΢΢ŴȻ΢ЦӭWǻûͰɣ
ȫӣôݣʲôWWģҸС
Цȫ֣˸ЦȻΪϸ߷ڶ³ûü͡
׼ͣȵԺԵ㶫
ȫЦЦܹܵ飬Ŀģϲˡ
ΪѾʧȥ˾ǷѪԣһ͡
ط縸ǡ෴
Ҳȫһֱط类ϳؼңеźԭ
á
ͷûмڼؽ
Ϊ֪ؽһ˵һˣµʱǾԲĵġ
ǡշȻеɻ󣬵ʶȤضûп
Ǹȫ߽ؼҴԺԺ
ԺȫѾ׼ͣͷϡСˡţ̸̣ϷḻӪ伫Ϊ⣬ȫǰؽĴƵġ
ίȳԣ׳ǱҪˣҴǹȥ
ȫ֮󣬱㿪ڸǡ
ã鷳ȫˡЦЦ
Ȼȫһֱž룬ʼһ
ȫû˵ʲôֱ뿪Ժ
ûлԼķ䣬ٴ˴Ժſڣȥӭɺطˡ
Ȼ֪ؽΪˣԼɺطˣͬʱ棬ûȥе£Ҳûиˡ
ţ
һĻǡշ򸾶Щȡ
֣ôȥˣѵ컹˰ݷүү̲סʵ
֪
ҡҡͷؽȻҪŵӼǣʱӦþܾ˵ŲŶԡ
Ͼǡؽ±֪ؽá
ĻȻɻ󣬵ûѯʣһ߳ͣһ߿⣬ȴ
ͻҲˡ
ͬʱȫٴؼҴԺſڡ
ʮӺɵרſʻ
ڳǡ
ͣȣɶ˾˵һ䣬Ȼ󿴵ȫӭҪ³ط粢δ³
طһĺš
˿̣ŤͷؼԺȹӵĴţԺֳ︡ǸѾ˱ɽ˵Ӱ
֮䣬˾վſڣһ΢Цų֣еغšС硱
ÿһؼҴԺΡ
ǷΪֻҪûҪ񣬶վſרŵȴ
С磬û°ɣ
ط뵽̫үͬʱطļ
û£̫үˡ
طعҡҡͷȻֱƿţ³ȫ񣺡׳á
С磬ûˣöôס
ȫǸط˸ȻЦ˵һ䣬طļ֮ǰ̬ŽȻ
ȫӣ׳϶Ҫھŵ׼ʱǣȥԺ᣿߹΢Ц֡
û⣬ԺѾпˡȫסɵ˵
˭
ԣɾЩ֣ʶʵ
Ǻͻˡȫʵ˵
ৣ
ȫĻش˲ʶؽİЩͬʱҲԤеط˼Ļпܻ֦ɫʱͱˡ
С磬ڽȥô
Ťͷط磬طԼ

طֻ˵һ֡
󣬵ն


1724 
á
طĻش̱ͬˡ
Ϊԣ㱨ΣҪطؼҴԺȻܻܲطؽ֮ìܡ
Ҳ֪ǺͻԺ֮󣬽Ȩطԭ
С磬֪һӲԸҪǷͻ
£ɴط磬ȫؼҴԺ̲סһ䡣
İɣ׳ҽΪؽǡȻҪҲ磬Ǿһˡطͷƽ
ৣৣ
Ȼ
ɣȫɫһ䡣
ΪǶ˽ط磬Ҳ֪طǺεȵǿƣ
ؼ̫үȥĵ죬Ժŭط磬˵ط罫ؼ̫үˣֱӱطһƳ鷭ڵء
ؼ̫үļգطȥ˱ɽ죬żؼˣͬΪǳԲѷֱһƳǣ
һ̣ɺȫоЩû˵ʲôֻǰϣǺͻ˲Ҫû¡
ͬʱɿʼɣԼ콫طؼҴԺǲһȷľ
ûлͷѾչһˣ뷴ڣҲ޼ˡ
ǳ𣿡
ȫЩѹ֣תƻ⡣
ˡСģҲų˼ڡ
ɿЦûгԣ˿Ҳûθڡ
ȫԥһ£վû飬ɺطԺš
һ棬Ժרд˵ģԺȺ򣬵ڱط統ؼ֮ˡ
һ棬ǺͻԺطȥԺطӺ͸ղŵǿӲ̬ȣҲȥġ
ԺĲǺͻѾò͡
ʵϣ˵֪пҪݷؽ֮󣬱ûʲôθˣֻ˼ڣͿʼȴ
վԺĴߣֱؿԺԺӵԺš
ܿ죬ɺطӰǺͻ˵
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬Ǻͻ˵ĿطϣǸоǴһ㣬һ𾪡
û
𾪣
ڸղţǻ뵽ʲôˣԺͬһʱݷؽ
кܶѡѹûйط硣
ΪطѾΪؼӣѾʧȥ˽Ժӵʸ
οطԼؽҲԲͬ⣡
طȴؼҴԺǵǰ
⡭ǵĳֱױȣ
һ̣Լ˻þ
þô
ǡ
ΪطԽԽˣܹطıƽͬһڿݾûκβ
ôˣ
˫۵ɵùԲŵʵ
Ӧصشġ
ǽطֵʵڼ̵ʱ뵽ʲôɫվ̨Ҿ˵һֱ취үүĹϵ
ߣ
һֱӳȥ
Ƕ뵽طΪɣô벻
һĻǺͻ˷׷׻ع񣬸
⣬ɺȫǺͻ߳⣬ȻԼͬͣ˽ŲĿͶˡ
طͲһ㣬δȥˣȫ˲ڡ
ɣʲô˼
ֱ֮ʣٲȻԼɵϼ
Ȼļְ֮ϣǾеţ˴֮ûཻ̫ǻǿصֲӣ
W˵ʲô
üͷһֱð˿̱صʣҲЩ
ɣڸװɵ𣿡
üͷȻָط磬ʲô
㱨
ص
㱨һССУʲôʸ㱨
ɵǿƻӦɫѿҲӵͳӿ̱ңӦ֪ؼҳˡﲻĵطĵط
ѵᵽ칫ˣʡ
㡭ʲô˼
һָɣҪɵϡ
ؼլûҲ׳İ칫ص㡣㱨Ǿ׳ģҪָֻôٴηʡ
㡭и׳˵һ𣿡ŭǿбһ仰
û׳ͬ⣬ô
Цˣ޷ôʳһǵ⡣
ʵϣղǾ仰ʳں󣬾ͺˡ
ΪؽݣκҪǰʾԤԼûؽɲҪ˵ǴطһֻӶҴ
ط磬֪뾡һа취Ƥȡүүԭ£ӶػؼңҸ㣬ⲻܣ
ۿԶԣǿˣûҳɷ𣬶ǽìͷ׼ط磬Ѿؼҳˣ
ˣ
˵㣬ؼҵӣ
˵㣬ؼҶԣһ·˼ף
˭㣬ȡؽԭ£ؼң
طޱؿǡ
ڽԺ֮ȫǺͻ˴ڣȻ˰ҪҲ磬Ȼ
£Ҳ¡
ֵԶû֣


1725 ؽǷһǸ
١ʲô㱨ҲԼмＸҰָ˵ģһССУʲôʸүү㱨
ЦѣѹطĹ
Сһ㱨ģô
һΣط翪ڻشɱ㿪ˣüǣ˿ûĵͱġ
ؼѡΪһֱǴش
УؼҴǣطЬ䣡
ɣ֪ʲô̡Ҹ֮Ĺϵ
ܲˬضɣһһϣףԴʼҸ׾ûһ㡣ңҸԽؼҳģͲҪ˼ˣ˵һǧһؼҵ飬һ˲ʲôʸô
һΣɳĬˡ
ΪĻ˼
ȷʵλᣬطؽ֮ìܣ֮ĹϵҲطعؼҡ
Ǹ˻Ϊǰ
طۣһһֻԭ򡣵һִ׳ɵڶؽǷһǸ
ৣ
Ȼط仰Ǻͻˣɺȫ˶ˡ
ɺȫˣȻͨطؼҴԺı֣жϳط粢ûؼҵ뷨û뵽ط羹ȻؽҪǸģ
Ǻͻˣǵɴ۾ŵؿط磬Ǹо·ڿһ񲡻ߣ
ؽʲôˣ
ؽݣ˸ؽǸô

ݵ𾪹طŭ˶עУ
ʲô
ط۶Ȼȫ˼ѪһٶѹˣҲûҪӡ
ط磬ôҰ˵أУүүܽеģ˭㵨ӣ˵ղǷ
طԼԲѷǶʱȻŭֱָط磬ֺ̬޲ָȥط
ž
ӦǵһĶ
Բһǣ輰ԼĸףطֱһƳʵʵسǵϡ
һƣطûжھ
ΪطʵһƳҪ˵һˣһͷţҲҪ
Ȼ
ˣȻطһƳ鷭ڵأ
£ָӡ˲ףѣѪ߰ߣԴһ¡
طһƳˣ
ͬʱҲˡ
ȻǶû뵽ط羹ȻؼҴԺٴζִǣ
ɺа̾˿
ΪطؼҴԺ֮˵̬ǶǰһĻе⣬ֻǵģط缫пΪһƣҲ޷Ժˡ
֮࣬Ҳطһƺܽ
ǲʢˡһ࣬輰طĸףó飡
ǣĺܲԡ
ط縩ǣڣûм֡
ءǣû°ɣ
طһڣ˴ӷлع񣬺߸Ǽţȥǡ
ûлشգŭɶضط磬ͼ˵ʲôһſʹѪȾѪݵ˳
졭˶֪ʲô𣿡
һĻ۶ŭŭȺǳ⣬һҪȥطһƵĳ嶯
գסݳ嶯
һľٶݲ
֪طӡˣطӣԻỹ
֮⣬ҲطߣһͨһƳ鵽ط磬ûκοܡ
ĸףҳ⣬𣿡طޱؿ
⡭ؼҴԺҰĵط
ҪըˣͺһȻȫ˽ĿĻ˶ϳȥ׳
ŭ˼£һ̣ȫûغ飬෴õĿǣ
Wطɾ㱨Ǿ׳ͬģû׳Ҳ뿪ȫü˿ûĵĲ
ǷݲΪǰ¶Ŀ£ΪǸ˲ѹˡͱ˵̬
㡭
һҪٴ˵ʲô
ɣȥ׳㱨һ׳ʲôš
һΣ˵Ļȫ㿪ڴϡ
ã
ǿѹסĵŭ⣬ͬȫ顣
С磬Ȩһӣҳ֮ǰҪٳˣô
ȫֽĿͶط磬õѯĿǡ
õģ塣
طܸɴصͷûȫΪѡ
Ϊֹһ˵ȫģһֱͼΪؽ̬ȣһֱ
طôһ˵ȫȻֿһۣſ첽Ժӡ
ؼ̫үסΪؽ칫;סĵط
˵ƾղ˵һУұ֤Բ˶ߣ
ȫȥڻյĲվŹŭԹ޵˵
һΡ
طûлش
ΪӦȫ
ؿһۡ
Ϊ֪طʵ
طսʲôԺЩǰ衣
ټĻģܹطˣָ




1726 жĥɱ¿
鷿ؽվڴǰͬʱһԺеϻ
顭顭


ؽջĿ⣬һ۾Ȼߵǰһ߿ڣһϡ
ȫŶ룬Ȼھؽ׵ĵطվ˫Ȳ£̧ͷͦأ̧ұۣ㱨׳ɾսСӶӳط絽ˣWǡҲˡ˫󣬷һЩִ
ô£
ؽһʵ
ġ
ȫһһʮؽղһн˻㱨һ£輰طĸףἰطȥ
ȫĻ㱨ؽüͷš˴ͣȥɺطң
ǣ׳
ȫһʱȻؽûָʾת뿪鷿
ȫصԺʱԺʮְղγ˽Ȼķ
ৡ
ȫȥط֮⣬˶һʱ佫ĿͶȫ
壬үүô˵
ź׵̲סʵǸо·ѾȲ뿴ؽΪͷѵطˡ
׳طȥ鷿㱨
ȫûǣûȥһۣǾֱߵɡطǰ˵

ȻطĻǺͻ˶ԭء
Ϊǿط֮ǰһУؽǾԲܼطģҶ뻹ͷط硣
ȫȴ˵ؽҪط硭
ܲǾȣ
ǣɶеЩ⡣
õġ
⣬ɻӦȫ
㡭׳˵ղһ𣿡
ɵĻ䣬㿪ڳȫʵ
Wһ㱨ˣһһʮ
ȫӦȻ󲻵˵ʲôɡطؽס
ûпվԭأо˸Ҳ֪Щʲô
֣үүΪʲôҪǸ˵
طǰŸߣǱ̲סʵ
£ϵѾȥȡ֮Ǳ
үүǹ˽֮ˣȨı˽ûΪղŵı֮ǰľ
üͷ˵ģүүԲԭǸ˶ͬǸطؼңԶٲǸ̤ԺӰ벽֮⣬ΪүүͬǸ˶Ǹ˶ǻˣ

һ˵ϵıһЩ
ȻְطһƣܹһƻطⱲ޷ػؼңҲֵˡ
ο˵طܻᱯ磿
һߣطȫؽİ칫;סԺӡ
ؼ̫үȥ֮һ
ɣԼСȥɡȫͣ½Ų˵
á
ɵͷȻط鷿
顭顭
鷿ǰվţȺͽ඼н

ؽͳۺ鷿ﴫ
ֱŶ롣
ط
ţ
ط鷿ͫ΢΢Ŵ
Ϊ鷿һжûб䣬ؼ̫үʱһģһ
׳
طеȵͬʱѾͣ½Ųؽ
ɣѵµı֪ϼ׳Ҫôؽһǰʵ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬Ťͷط硣
׳á
طӱֱǹؽ

ɼ״˿ͬʱҲ֪طΪ˱ֶؽأؾй涨Ӷѿ
ɣӵսСӣĲμֲִҴѾ˽⡣
ؽûмطδһʱ侴飬Ҳû̸ط֮ǰԺǡ˵ĳͻֱ⣬˵˹
Ǹо·һҲ֮ǰһС
ؽĻɣط磬еһ˿⣬Ƕûпǵؽڶ仰
мʣ֪𰸺ϸڡؽٴοڡ
׳ʡɴ
һطУΪʲôֻ˾ʵСķֲӳԱЩȫصרңҵ
ڶطУΪʲôɱֲӵˣǽǽϲӴ
˭طУֲӳԱװعģ
ؽһ⣬࣬ͳ
׳ȻʵĶǸйص⣬ش𡣡طȿ˵
á
ؽͬ⡣
һʱһ˷ֲǿһսʿһϣЩȫרңԷҪսǺڰ˵ĻȻоǿߣǷ岻
Ϊ˵Ըı
սҲжϵһڰǿߴȥٳЩרңҲ
ʱһûͻƣȫ˶
ط粻ػشؽһ⣬Ȼؽûбʾ˵
ڶֲӵˣΪɱңϧҪɱʺսСӵĳԱڶԷ˺սСӳԱ˫ȫұ۵ʱͻѧ磬˷ɱ
û´ҪҴֲӵս׺ͺϽֱۣԼġ
ΪսСӵ˫ȫڴ˴жʧȥұۣܹϺϽֱۣԼսСӡ
Щװǻľѧشо͸ĻǻֱĵսԴսʿҲ֯Աʵ
طһشȻؽ
ȸļ顣
һǣعҾҪǽΪʲôҪֲӵĳԱ±ЩרҡͲø⣬Щҽ˳ϲӡ
ǣϣϲӸ֪ǣطУûΣյǰ£ɱֲӵĳԱǽǽϲӴһºܲҪǸͣ˳ϲӡ
ϲҪǸͣȻǵĽͣٿר飬о
ǣΪطУ˽ֲӵװҪǹǸұ볥Щװ
ǣձӡֲͶߣطУֲѵڼ䣬ǵսԱǵսԱˡңԴΪɣ˳ϲӣ
ؽ˵ļ飬ÿһ鶼ֱָط硣
ৣ
ؽⷬɵɫˣǸļҪĻܼ֣Ҷط缫Ϊ
Ҹղ˵ļ飬оֲӰӳԱϻʮСʱڱϱ
·Ϊӡ֤ɵĲ²ƵģؽٴοڣȻߣն⣬ֲط翪ƽϲӾ·ͥ
ৣ
ɵɫ䣬һŵؿؽ
ؽǹ˽жĥɱ¿
طһŭ˫ȭա




1727 ؽǿߣ
жĥɱ¿ô
Ҳ
սС޷ΪֲӺģʱط飬ϵֲѵأǺݺݽѵսСӵձֲӺֲӡ
ţȫ󶥼׷ɳǿ˼ֲӣطƾһ֮ɨȫһս׹սСֲӵĺĵλҲ˻ľ
طֲӣҲǼƾһ֮Ⱥɱڰź֧Ԯ飬ȳרҺʣ˳
һսʿһλӢۣȴҪƽ·ͥ
׳ǸҲԸ⿴ƿֲϲӵĻȨǿģӺط磬Լˮǲǵĵǵսʿģ
ЩͷͬʱѸٿڡ
ˮ
ؽһضɣһһɣղ˵Ļûңһʵ
׳ЩʵطҲΪ˳񣬸ΪǻģԣԴǡ
˵ЩҲۣ޹زɷԲȻƻ˹أֱץסβͣ͵óеӦΡؽ
׳ģǻġǲ˸ҵĹƣӦ뾡һа취ǵսʿ
ؽܶóĬԼ̬
ǲܣ
׳
ɲģ˵ʲô
壬Ҫ˵ˣѾˡڴϣûѯʹ㣬ϸڶ˾ܱ𣿡
ʱط翪ڴɵĻȻȻߣͲ
һɺԣ
ؽüط磬һŭȡ
ѵô
ط䶢ؽһһؽҪҪ㣿ҺǷͻôģϵ飬ôģҪҶôģһΣ㲻侮ʯͱӣ
ֻϧ˼ڣһж׷ˣ
ط磬Ҹ㣬һжʵΪݣԷɺ͹Ϊ׼ؽ
ʵΪݣңһϻͷͨˣΪʲô飿Ϊʲôܼȥμֲӣ
طЦؽ֪һֱƫҲһֱҼѵıӺµͷڻ
һһ侮ʯ֤ǶԵģӶΪؼҼ׳棡
ԣ㲻ǰֵôα
˵жĥɱ¿ġԹı˽
ƨλװ
㲻䣡
ৣ
ٴطĻɫٴһ䡣
ΪóطҪؽ˺Ƥˣ

ȻؽһŭŭĿط磬һһ˶Ϊѧһè򣬾Ϳӹͷ𣿻Ϊûܹˣ
ǡǺӡһ
طЦˣЦгϷʣһĨײĺ
˵ؽ֮ǰһһͱһһնطؼ˵Ƿ飬طǧٿ׵Ļ
ôһΣؽΪطǿ˺۵֧顣
ĺˣ
Լе㹦޿֣Ϊû취ˣؽ
ǺǡؼҼ׳ôû취أղŲѾҪҵľƽϲӵľ·ͥ𣿡طȻЦԽԽ䡣
ɣȻ㲻ܽıҽܽһؽŭĿתɡ
ؽ㲻ðƵϣʲô
ɿڣط
ããã
ؽ˵ãȻȻ
ɲǼ䡣
һɿµƣͬɽ緢һ㣬Ȼؽϱ
ǲλɱȨɵƣѧǿ߲еƣ
֮⣬ڵѪͻȻüʢͬһգɢȡյϢ
ͬһͷ˯ľȻѣƿµ˼£
һͬһ㣬ԣԵضǿ
벽ǿߣ
һ̣ؽϱ˰벽ǿ߲еơϢơ

ͻһĻ˲ɾˡ
Ϊֲƶߵߡѧİմ򽻵ҲƻĵȻĵѧǿߡ
Ҳû뵽ؽȻһλǿߣ
ৣ
طɫҲǿ䡣
Ϊغǿأؼ̫үпܻᴫڸؼˣпܵؽ
ӦؽߵϢ֮󣬻Ǳˡ
Ϊؽǰ벽ǿߵϢ
ңؽϢȻ֯ƶƻĺʹʦҶ컹Ҫǿ󡢿ֲ
ؽطǿߡ
û֮һ


1728 һ񻰣
㻹ǿ˵ֻè𣿡
طɱĿɿڴͬʱؽƺˣڴ鷿İ
ԣ
ûлشطɫѿ˫ȭǽյ÷졣
ؽĻͷ·һĶطϣ
ͻ˾ǿ߾Կ羳ؽӡ
ͻ۷ǿ߾ֻӵоǿߵսһ벽ǿߵĶ֡
οؽط벽ǿΪǿĴڣ
ҡطٷ֮ٿԿ϶ؽȻҲǻغģ
˫Ĳ̫ˣ
١ȭͷҶ𣿡
ؽط˫ȭգЦһȻһԽ˲طǰ

ؽסҽ˳Ƴط߳
һţؽûжκѧʽֻǲΪš
Ȼ
ˣһţκξǿ˵ǿֲһ
ৣ
طɫһ䣬ƾ賬ķӦͿֲսܣ˲佫˫ǰ
ͬʱطڵھӿ˫ۣγһһھС
ǹʽ
̣
ؽط綯Դ书ǿġ̡
顪
һ̡
촫ؽһط˫֮ϣͬѾײһ𣬵һֲľ硣
ɲǼ䣬طۼ˫۵ھըµؽĽŵװ塣
꣡
ۡ
ţѵѪŽͬʱ
طֱ۳ѺֱۣϵѪɡ
̡
˵һǧ˰١
ƴʽҲ򲻵ѵʽ
Щھը˲䣬طˡ
һɿµķֱӽط÷ɳݺݵײ鷿ľϡ
ľ˲ѣطɳ鷿ײԺеϻϣֻꡱһϻѿ
طӦأ˫Ѫģ֮⣬ҲѪ˿
ؽһ߷ɣ΢ˣ
ҡؽûжκѧʽһţ

鷿ؽվԭأ𡪡طЩ޷ͻ
һУƸӣʵڵʯ֮䷢
Ϊѧ⺺ɣѹûпֻ̣طɵԺԺǿϻ£ʱĿɿڴ
ʲô
ͬʱԺȫҲǴľ
Ϊؽ飬֪ؽߵ顣
ȫ򣬶û֪ؽһߣǰ벽ǿĴڣ
֪طֵ죬ȫһһˣģʵطǿҲˡ
طȴ鷿зɳˣֻؽģ
⡭ȫ𺳼ֱ޷
СС磬û°ɣ
ܿ죬ξѣæų⡣
һ̣ѾȥԼǷؽˣֻ֪طû¡
ؽ֮ܣգұضٱ㣡
һ̡
Ժһŭᶨ
ͬ쳹ؼҴԺϿա
ط磡
طĻ£ɳ鷿Ѿطˡ
طӰԺʧˡ
ڿڵһ˲䣬ǿƣٶԺ
֮顣
ʱؽ鷿ﴫܺ쳹ؼҴԺ
Ϊݣδ׷ط磬ط
ԣ
طУѾ嵽ԺԺӵԺţؽĻ˫ȭյøˣȾɺѪĿġ
ûκλӦֱӳؼҴԺԵüǱ
ΪԴһս
û֮һ
ؽֵͷʵûС
ؽƼͨһţط磬طĲ񻰣

ô£
طǱؼҴԺͬʱԺ֮УǺͻоһ
СգСǸҽȥѸٿ˵
˿̵Ѿ֮ǰطԵջлָ侲ʶûѡսؽס
Ϊʶˡ
ԭŻؽ棬пܱؽѵ⣬µĻǾԲܴġ
õģ֡
Ǻͻͬ
УЩʧơ
ǹ˲ϰοգֱӸ󣬿첽ؽסԺӡ
Ժ鷿ķѣڵϣǿϻѿԵѪ
ɺȫϻµѪɫ쳣ѿ
ȫȻط統ԼĽҲط磬ΪطؼĵĺҲսʿ
طؽ˺ƤΪˣȫɶԸ⿴顣
˵ĵ飡
ʲô
߽Ժӣһ۱㿴ɺȫ˱쳣Ȼ˳˵Ŀ⿴ϻµѪ󿴵鷿ľţɫһ䣬ѿʵ
ǸͼҰҵľˡˣ
һ̡
ɺȫڣؽ鷿ﴫ
ţ
ؽĻɺȫع񣬻һۣ֪ؽҪԱܣ
طǸ˶ǳıӵˣȻүүǰҰֱ
ͬʱŭ˵ȴЩϲ
ڴ飬վǷˡطû»صؼңͬɥ֮ȮһؼҴԺ
֣û°ɣ
ҪϵĶ࣬ûطϷǵĵѯؽ
û£ǻȥɡ
ؽشȻֱ´ӹɡ
áõģ֡
Ȼǽȥû飬ֱӴӦ
ؽû˵
վ鷿΢΢۾Ŷ߻̫Ժ︡Ÿղط罻ֵĻ档


1729 
ס뱣ܡ
ܿ죬鷿ٴδؽ
ǣ
æӦһõĿǡ
ɣ
鷿ؽٴοڡ
ǣ׳
鷿
ЦſһۣȻ뿪ˡ
ɴط˾֮·˽ֳ֪棬ɺһġ
ȫתԼӣ׼绰֪ͨˣԺؽ鷿Ÿˡ
߽鷿ʱؽѾصǰָģ
׳
ɫӵؿؽ֪˵ʲôá
飬֮ǰ˵Ļ㶼𣿡
ؽʵԸղŵֲֻᣬ·һжûзƵġ
׳ҶˣһȥټӳԱᡣ
ɵͷȻӲͷƤŬΪطȡ׳ط顭
飬Ͱ֮ǰ˵İ졣Ҫ
һϲӻ㱨طΥˣҪץǳѣҪϲɳǿЭ
ڶϵ֯û֯ץط硣
ؽֱӴɵĻӹɡ
ǣ׳
Ӧȴǰ˿
Ϊ֪طʵץط磬Ҫð벽ǿߡ
֪ϲûа벽ǿߡ
һ򲽽Ϣ׼ȷҪϲӵİ벽ǿץط磬⼸̫ܡ
Ͼ벽ǿ߼վȫ۷壬һĹԱʹ
Ѱ֯
ƻĺͻ֯طس̶ȣӦӦһ£Ḷ֮ж
ɼؽûָʾ뿪鷿ҵҲȻȥ
ɻصԺӵʱȫѾ´ˡ
ѾǺͻ뿪ؼҴԺصͨĺγϡ
ΪؽıǶԸղ֪һֲֻᣬʶȤѹסģûѯʣֻʵʵؿ
һСʱ󣬻տ͵˵λ
ʲôˣطǸأ
뿪֮󣬻Ҳ̲סˣȲسʵ
١Ǹ˶֪үүǰҰͬɥ֮ȮһؼҴԺ
һõЦݣǸоԼ;ǨҪġ
Ȼڿ֮࣬Ҳ侲ؽĶû˵ؽ߾ط顣
Ǵģ
ǵĻֿ˻Цǽһ⣬Ȼ˵öԣվӣⱲӶܻؼˣ
١ûؼҵıӻڹھһܱסҲüнβˣصޣٴαϳġ
طЦǸо·Ѿطδ³ڹ⣬ͻΪжд̣á
Ǿȡѡԣֵһ𣬾עΪһ磡
Ťͷźۼһƨνǽչֵ쾡¡
Ϊ֪ںϡӣԼŮǰ
ǽؼҴԺطһƣ澡ʧؽսطؼҴԺжٻǻԹ
һ£̧ǵķʽط磬еĲ졣
װģ˵
ȻϵЦӲˣǵظ˻һǡ
ҸЦţȻ

ͬʱ
ط˸ԼصѩྩǶ
ȻƲأֻҪҩһʱָܻܻذס
ΪѪ˫۹ѣ޷ʹãǱĸƱҪɰʵס
øĸ֪Լؽ˵顣
ǻĸ׸ߣؽӰ쵽ĸ׺͸׵ĸ顣
֮⣬ҲһֱϣԼܹؽǰӣ»صؼҡ
һУڳնϸеһ˿룡
뿴׾ӣøΪѡʹ࣡
ţ
طص󣬿ѩЬЬ԰ţһ
û뵽ѩ㾹Ȼڱ
㡭ôˣ
طԥǷҪ뿪ʱѩ˿첽һ۱㿴طǱѪȾ˫ۺǲѪ˿
û£һСˡ
طɵЦЦѩ㵣ġ
㲻Ǹȥؽôˣ
ѩûлطĻʳ˵ڶ⡣
ؽ˵ġ
ط΢΢۾Щͳ
ʲʲô
ѩʱԭأȻ˺üӲŻعһ˼ʣ㡭˼ؽߣұ
ţǰ벽񾳡طͷ
ôµ֣
طѩչѧ磬ѩطʵʮûм̽ؽΪǰ벽ǿߣһŭ
ΪؽյΪطԣζʲô
ⲻֲǵһôˣֻһԳְˡطԳһЦ
ط硭
ٴطĻطԳЦݣѩеһۣͼڰοʲôȴԺһƬհס
Ϊ֪ԼˣһֱŬرǿ󣬳˿ԹȥҴԺӭȢԼɶʦҶ֮⣬ҲؽΪ׵ؼ֤һ㣺뿪ؼңȻԻúܺá
طؽͷǸڵģ
죬ؽҡһ䣬˰벽ǿߣҴط磡
ⲻɱطؽؼһ˿飬Ǹطһ޴ĴΪԼɹʱ򣬷ֶԶǿ󣬶鵽ʧܵζ
ա
ѩһ仰û˵ֻĬĬǰȻطһӵ
طʽο͹ط磬ͬʱط磬۷ʲô飬ߣһ֧
ɵѾͷû¡
طٴιɵ
֪ܣҲܱʧֻʱġţһ죬ҲΪ벽˵еǿߣؽǿ󣡡
ѩɿط磬Žߵط磬˵
š
طͷ뿪ؼҴԺʱؽ˵һ仰
ʲô
֮ܣұʮ֮
ط绺ڣ󣬵ᶨ
Ҳԡ
磬ҪΪʦҶ𣬽¹˹ɱڰӵĨȥһ



1730 ̫үû
ԭѩطĻΪطƲأطȥ£¶Ѫģ˫ʱŵɷס
ɵѾͷ£û¡ط״ЦŰο
˵û£ô࣬ͷܿˡȥҩ䣬ȸѩۣ˵Ҫתȥҩ䡣
á
طЦסѩ㣬ߣͨ˲һġ˶ͨ˶Ժأ˵ᣬƷʽҲһ
£طͳҩƿҩ̷һţȻ飬ֱֱϡ
𣿡
ѩɴ۾Ȼط˽ܶѧ飬ϾߣߵһЩϰһ֪
Ϊˣطر㴦ƣһɡ
ţҩƵģڼʱֹѪ˿ڡ
طͷûҸѩԼ˫۶ˣѩ»۵õᡣ
ôҩ
ѩ㻹ЩɣҩĻǽǶô׬Ǯ⣿
ѹկˣ֪Щʲô
طһ±㿴ѩ˼ЦŽ͵ҩҩЧȷʵԶͨõҩΪҩҩļ⣬ҩͨ˵Чûߺá
Ϊʲôѩʶʡ
߷ҩ֮󣬿Դ߶ھڼ̵ʱڴ߷ҩҩЧﵽѡ
طӼ֮ͣ⣬ߵԶͨˣ³´лܿ죬ƻָ˫۵Ƥ˺ܶ࣬˿֮󣬺᳤ܿƤ
ôţѩ㾪õɴ۾
طЦá
Ȼô˵Ҿͷˡ
ѩҾͲˣȴ߶ھˡ
á
طͷ
ѩ뿪¥طȴûתھˣһ˼
磬ؼҴԺ鷿ĿɿڴΪؽǰ벽֮⣬Ϊؽ뵽̫ү
Ȼؽ˰벽񾳣̫үǰѧӦòؽŶԡ
̫үҲǰ벽񾳵ĻôͻȻ
طаԼ
ʵԽԽغǿͬʱҲ̫үͻȻе⡣
Ͼ̫үҲŹ䣬һĲ˵
οôͻȻ
еɻﵽ˼¡
̫үΪ߻ħһ书ȫϣ̫࣬үԲַʽȥ
Ƭ̺طƶϡ
ҲΨһĿܡ
~
󣬲طȻԵֻͻȻ
ط翴һֻĸĵ绰ֱӽͨ
裬ǻнˣ
绰ͨطȿʵ
˫ȫڻصྩĵס301ҽԺȻȫصҽѧרңҲȺϵ301ҽԺ齨ר飬רо˫ȫұۡ
š
绰ͷ᱾Ҫط˵һ£طһʣȻشԸصרһ֣ĿǰҽѧͿѧˮƽֻܸսѽϼ֫޷ü֫˵ĺϽֱۣʵҲ֫һ֡
⣡
Ȼĸ׵Ļطͷûһüͷ˲ɫʮѿ֪˵ʲô
С磬֪ϢܲãѹȷʵҲΪ
ܹط飬̾˿ϾڿƼҽѧ棬вСġ
֪ˣ裬Ǵôطһٴοʵ
ԭǴսѽϼ֫ͬ⣬ͷ˼빤˵
õġ
طӦȥҽԺһˡ
Ϊ˫ȫǶôڲӡ
˫ȫ޷սƵĺϽֱۣôϾеϣ
ע˫ȫ뿪Ӫ˫ȫ
طҪȥԼֵܣͬʱҲǱƲѵĸ
С磬Ҹ绰һҪ㡣
͵طҪҶϵ绰ʱĸٴͨͲ
裬ʲô£طЩɻ
ҸղϢΪΥϲӵһЩ涨ڲҪƽϲӾ·ͥ
ٴοڣ֮гŵǣ֮⣬Ϣƣ㲻Ӿľ룬ҪʵʩץңҪ֯һͬץ㣬Ȼƽ
طĬ
뿪ؼҴԺ֮һֽû뵽Ȼô졣
С磬ô£֮ǰָ˵˴󹦣ǲҵĽôͻȻ֮䣬Ҫץ㣿
ۿط粻˵ЩˣȻ뵽ʲôѵΪؽ
ţľ
µطҲ֪޷ˣԸĸᡣ
˻
绰ͷõһһΣֱ̱˰칫ϡ
ôٲϲ㣬ƫҲܸϾɱְ
ŭ˼£ڷ
裬ǵһˡ
ط˵ţȻְο裬ҲõģˣûôסȫܹѾٺˡ
衭֪Ҳϣֶصۡᣬ˵
裬ֻǶݵġ
طٴΰοȻ˵ĵ뷨ᶨõĽһҵͷһ




1731 븴
ʱ301ҽԺⲡ
ӥŮͻȫΧ˫ȫĴߡ
Ѿ֪˫ȫ޷ϺϽֱ۵飬עҪǷָģҲ޷ǲսˡ
Ϊ˫ȫеϧͬʱʮѹ
ΪѾһܾˡ
һѵһִһսɱС
սѣҲսϿԽ󱳷ĽԷֵܣ
֮ս˻ǻڲӰɵǰ£ðΣմԼսѣһʬ壡
սɱ˲գۣͬһ̨̨ĻļӸ顣
ǸʲôֲԺˣҽ飬Ƕȥ˭ȥҸ˭۰
˫ȫڴ˷İϹЦݣαװżǿ
˫ȫģֻҪӣûִһϹȥӥȿڻش
ִ
ĸ֣˫ȫ˫˲ˣ޷αװˣᶼۿдת
սѪᣬ˺һֱ۶һ̣ίĺӡ
硭ҽʱִҾ͸Ļڣĵִ֮󡣡
˫ȫ˵ţǰһƬʣȴǿҧأˮ¡
˫ȫĻ˫ȫǱ˵ģӥеѹֱǺ۾

ڹȥʱǾΡ
һǳ
ڶط类
ǵΡ
󣬲ӥ˿ڣŵ˲İ
طŶ룬߽˲
ӳ
ӥ˵һʱ
ӡӳ
˫ȫҲһڣˡ
طĵֱӻαװļǿ
ûлشطڼ˵עУֱߵ˲ǰ֣ȭ˫ȫǰ
һĻ˫ȫʱ档
Ҳȭطȭͷһ¡
˫ȫѾ˵ˡҽѧרǱѾˣʱΪȭطſ˵һ仰
ӳ֪ҺܸмΪһС
˫ȫ˵ͷȻûĨһᣬҸղŻ˵ҽʱǶҪȥӳҲһҪȥΪӦ֤˵ġ
ۺʱεأںηص
طͷ˫ȫ³ŵ
ţ
Ȼط仰ӥˣ˫ȫЩ¡
սӣǻءǿսӣҪִֵ
Щģ˭Ҳ޷֤ʲôʱ֡
߼˵طΪĶӳӦö˫ȫŵŶԡ
οطһԳУ
ӳû⣬ʱִĻҸӾͺˡ
ݵȻ˫ȫѾת࣬Ц˵
ǺӥǣҲӰ졣طЦЦЦ֮Ҳڿɬ
ৣ
ط仰˵ڣ˫ȫɫһ䣬˲ӿֳһõͷ
ӳǣ
ӥȿˣʳеɻ
һ̣˵Ķɤϡ
ٴαˡ
طһ˵
ɲǼ䡣
һƬš
Ȼղӥ˶ͨطǾ仰µʲôеĵǳΪʵ֮󣬻ǱĿɿڴ
ӳΪʲô
ǰʦմԲΪʲôҪ㣿
ݵİӥŮȺ󿪿ʵ
ڴ˴г˴ϲʩѹϲʩѹ
طֻͣ˵һ룬ûἰؽء
ӳϲʩѹϼ׳Ӧòϧһд۱Ŷ԰
԰ȥ׳׳飡
һΣڵǳͻ塣
׳ܱסңͱˡ
طЦȻٴһҵȽϸӣǾͲҪˡ
ǣӳ
ӥǳ˵ʲôԭΪ˫ȫȥеѹطҪ뿪ʹ֡
Ů˫ȫҲһ
У˫ȫ֪طҪ֮󣬱Լ޷Ҫѹ
ӥ뿪֮չ˺ֵǣ
طӥļͷӥĻõĽӦܻ˫ȫпֻܻҪǵҽѧһܹϺϽֱۣ
ǣӳ
ӥһʱӦõķʽ
Ů壡
£ӥһͬʱ˵֡

Ůͬһµ˵ӥԣӥվһš
սѣ
ӥ絶غĸ֣Ȼ͵̧ұۣط˫ȫ
Ů˼״Ѹ̧ұۡ
ৣ
ৣ
ط˫ȫ״׷׻
У˫ȫõû˵֡
һ̡
þʥľٶԼսѸ
طĻ˵ʱĸ

ͬʱ
̩ɽء
ӵһྩĵ绰

绰֮ͨЩ
ʵϣݲԴطս˳֮󣬾ͳС
Ϊĳ˵طܹѧӭսձ̵ǿˣܹ֮ػֲȫΪһ仰ط
ĻӰ쵽˵̬ȡûطػزӵ֧֡
طǵû»ص˻ģϴˢͷͨ
Ҷԣ͵ʴס
Ҫһͣ
Ȼ绰һͨ绰Ǳߵ˱㷢ʣ
ȥɱ
һһ
Ȼͻ֯ٴץԺ޹˼ɵɱȥ绰ͷʡ
һطһȥ
ɱⱬͬһѳʵ׵ȥҶĽͣ




1732 
طսǸ֮󣬲δȥ301ҽԺĸס
Ϊ뿴ĸġѹӣҲԸĸ鷳ץѾ´طȥᱻ˿ܵĻȫԸˮ
Ͼطһαͨʱ򸾶ʻ
С磡
ط뿪ҽԺסԺ¥׼뿪ҽԺȴһ
ţ
طһŤͷȥȻվڲԶԼ֡
塣
ط߽ʺãûгƺյְ񣬶ơ
߰ɣġ
ָָԶͣ
ȻĿǰطץжûʽʵʩղ֦
á
طͷͣһγ
γյרûд˾Լġ
С磬ܱǸ飬ʦͻ֯ΪʲôǾֻϣЩ
ϳ֮ط磬̾˿ھΣͬ顣
ھΣΪȻƻ֯Ѿ뾡һа취طˣƻĻΪطȥ˻ӻûдﵽԤڵЧ
ͬ飬ΪطΪѧͻľ̫̫Ĺף֮Ϊ֮Ӣ۶Ϊ
طǵûеõӦеĴ͹ٴαΪͨĶ
Ϊطе䲻
壬ƴʦѾΪ˺ܶˣҺܸлǡ
طҡͷһֱƻġ֯Ĵм

̾˿֪ط̶ܴΪؽ
壬õңô˵ڵҲȵһκáѵʱ̣ҶͦˣⲻʲôطɵЦЦ
˵һαϻͷͨ⵽ͻ֯ץȣһεҪúܶࡣ
һ棬һֻоͻ֯ų֣ץŪ˽֪Ӱ쵽ߵѡ
һ棬ӵоǿߵս벽ǿ߲û
ţ֯ѧİ벽ǿߣԲΪһץ
С磬ģȻͬϾʵʩץҲֻӣ֮ж
·Ϊӡ֤طжƵģٴοˣطĵ⣬ʦƲ⣬ϲǱߣǿߺЩӪ
Ҳ˵ľʩѹϲЩͣϲӵЩǿͳͳվߵġûƿϲӵȨзԵȨӦò֡
š
طͷ뵽Ϊ׵ϲӵľǿߣǶԼʮֵء
Լʲô㣿Щʵ
Ҵȥɽչأȡͻƾǿ߾ط˵Լļƻ鼫ᶨ
ΪؼҴԺ飬вСĳҪԼʵҪǽǿ߾Ȼ벽񾳡
ţֻҪԼͻ˰벽񾳣ؽڣϵа벽ǿߣĶ֡
ͬննݣ羳սδܹ
е޵
ͨһһɱᶨģ
ֻҪܹΪ벽ǿߣԳײڰˣҲֱͦȥؼҴԺֻع
ƻʦ˵벽ǿ߶ڲ޿ֵܵҰֻҪǿ߾С
С磬Һڴ㽫ļߺһͻƾǿ߾һ졣
˵һڴ
ڴطͻƾǿ߾սǷܹѧԹļǿ߾ܹ벽ǿɱܵ񻰣

طս̸֮лտĽ飬뿪ҽԺر
~
طûߵſڣڴֻ𶯵óֻһµ硣
شʦҸղӥ˵֯ҪϾʵʩץΪʲôֲ˳񣬼кڰһ˻ɱĹ͡ͻ֯ô
绰ͨµ֮гŲ⣬ͬʱҲΪط籧ƽ
£˵ӣҵ֮ٸ˵
طشȻµģ㲹һ䣬㲻õңֻ֯Ǳϣʵʩץġңڵʵץңð벽ǿ߲С
õģشʦ
ԣ˿ȻЩڴʵʲôʱߣ
⼸ɡ
ط룬ѩ죬Ȼǰɽ

̩ɽĹء
Ҽվһǰ
һķء
һķزԶһ·أġ
һ࣬˶طС
ǰطս̩ɽۣ֮ط統Żѧǿߵ棬򱬣
ͼڶɱط磬ط練ɱ
һΪܿͻطǸСԴ㣡
֪˶ãͻȻڣͳɭɱ⡣
£ת߳Ĺ԰
Ĺ԰ſڣһ˵Ⱥʱ
󲮣ٴκʵطǸС齨׻ƵɽǾĵͼ
㱨Ȼһݵͼݵǰ
ֶӣҲĶӡ
ҺܿǸСͷ㸸׺һ
ͼ˵
£һΣԭʧܿ뿪ء
һ졣
洫Ȼǰɽնطͷ­




1733 ɱط磬ˣ
붬֮ɽ¿ʼ轵Ǵ죬ɽеҲʮ£ʮֺ䡣
Ȼ
˺׻Ƶʮӵѵû˿ĸı䡣
ÿ𴲣Թ緹»ĻΣ廨ţѧУкܴҪǽ̺һЩܹõ֪ʶȷۡ
Ϊһ˵ֱСһ
֮⣬»Ǵ׾ԺͷˮһЩ֪ʶ
ŵ֮󣬺ǱҪʼһ䣬һֱϾŵ㣬ȻظԵķҩԡָҪڤһСʱ
һϣ½Ļκû¿Ρ
ǣһϢ
䵱ĻνҵĴվľͷĽ̨ϣЦݵ˵
ʦʲôϢ
գŴ۾ʵ
ʮӣҲ۰Ͱ͵ؿ£ȴµĻش
ǵʦط磬ܿҪˣЦ˵
𣿡
̫ˣ
ܹ˵еʦˣ

µĻ£ԭĽҶʱˡ
ڣк˷ܵ㵸
ط뿪ôʱ򣬻ط簲ŵģǸʱطƤߣݺĿ
£䡢ӥͼˣÿ춼ߺǣط¼
ںУطضǿĴڣζ뵽ط档
һ£¸ǣ˵еʦҪˣܲ˷ܣ
ˣĻε˽ȥɡ
Ц¿Σڴط棬ֺγڴططꣿ
ʦټ
һɢֵͬҰɿس˽ң䳡
ѧϰĻζԣǸϲ䡣
ν䳡ʵһƬյأڿյرһľݣиֱľƵġ
䳡ϣ䡢Ժӥһͬվȴš
ԭÿ̵ѧҲӰ䡣
Ϊ֪طѾص֮Ǳı˼ƻÿ˶ͬʱ䳡ϡ
ΪǶһʱط磬뿴ȫһӵоǿսţս׿̶ֲֳȡ
ʦӥʦʦղʦǣ˵ǺܿҪʦˣ𣿡
Ƭ̺󣬺Ƿ׷䳡Сһȣȿʵ
Ļ£Ҳ׷׸ϵˡ
µĹ滮£׻ƵѽһС͵ׯ԰ռô󣬶ʮධľݴµؽׯ԰䳡
ĻεĽɽׯϷ䳡ϰ׵ľ롣
ǴĻεĽҳ嵽䳡һ
ΪѾʽ̤ѧ
Ƕһѧӣұ˴ڸ־ĹøְҩĸǶɵӶûеĴ
Ҳǵ㣬֡䵱ЩŴɵĴ˸ߡ
ɽɡںͼ˶ǡ
츳˵Ǳ䡢ӥͼԵɱһ
ġ
Це˵ңǿģ
ģ

Ƿ׷׼ػӦ쳹䳡
ļԣǱҪ䣬ȵǵʦ֮󣬺úǰ֡䱳֣ٴ˵
ǣʦ
Ƿ׷״ӦСдִš
Ϊúǿ̿䣬صƶһ취طΪ״ӣֻŬӣпܳΪط״ӡ
취Чһ֦֮⣬һî˾ÿ䶼ƣ

䡢ӥͼ˵ļලָ£ǿʼ˽䣬ȴȭ
ͬʱ
׻ׯ԰Զɽһɫ۵洫󵶡ԯĿ͸֣ؿ׻ׯ԰䳡һС
ĿȫǶʮ
ţ
ĿʱǼʵĴ󺺿ƯĹѸ۶ڷŹ⡣
Ȼܹؿѧ׼ʵÿһСÿһʽܵλҲΣ⡣
ȭΣ⣬š
꣬ţΪѧҼе𾪡
̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣
ܿ죬𾪵ıȥȡ֮˷ܡ
һˡһͳӣطУδѧжϲ㣬ûǿѧš
ǿǿ
ǿ
ѧҺԣûǿĴˣζżû䡣
ҲǸѧҺͶǿˣݵλԺյԭ
Ǵϣδ
Ϊͻư벽ʱ߻ħڻѧĵλһǧɣʧȥһǿˣҪûˡ
˿̣䳡ϵѧ˵ϣ
ȡᡣ
¾ҪȶʮѧӴң
˾ֱ֮óǵ绰ͨһ绰Ѿִɽ
Ҿļ
ܿ죬Ͳдһ
һ飬Ҫİ˵
ʲô£
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ʦⶼ£ֻһ绰ҸɣͿЩӡʦȥҪĿɱطǸ
绰ͷΪһߵܣǺܸɴشӦȻ⡢ɱ˵
طꡢһͽΪ̫ӵزۣػ
֮طֽһµͽٴθػ
һУðڵˣط֮ǣζ뽫طң
ģֻҪǸСһұնͷ­
˵ţɱŨ˼£Ǹо·УطѾһʬˡ
ͬʱ
ྩطѩסǶԺ
ৣ
ط˫ۣϢ
ΪؼҴԺܵ˺ᣬֻ죬ѾȬˡ
ң׹̺Ϥ۷ǿ߾սɱڰʹ̿˵Ĵʱ˽һ
뿪ˡ
طվ˵ţȻת߽ȥѩȻǰɽ
һ̡
֪ɽɱĴˣ




1734 ˼

һѩͻɽɽװعʤա
׻ׯ԰䳡ĻѩѾˣŶʮѩˣɷǿɰ
ǺǵĽ
ѩ֮󣬱ѩˣÿһУ˭ѵѩ˸ÿ
˺ǵҲԺѾʶֲĶеο
Ϊ֮·ҵľӼҺͲпᡣ
ȺӱҪСŬ;Ψˣǲ֮·ߵøԶҲ׻Ƶ͡
ȺӺͽ׻ƵѧŴɣѳΪµĿ꣬ҲΪԼܹΪطֵ顣
뵱һƯĻƿ
ǰ룬׷ط֮룡
ѩ仯ѩ䣬ѩ׻ׯ԰ڵطѾʮ֮£µȴǾۼ䳡ϡ
£վӣǰ¡䡢ӥͼˡ
䡢ӥͼ˴ŵĳۡǿѪʢ
Ǻ򴩵úܺ
´һɫƤ£ڰװͬһĨĻ䣬ۡ
˿̣жվ䳡ϣȴطĵ
׼ȷ˵ڵȴطļա
ԺǶԣҪطǰչʾѧ书
˶ԣǵչʾǵɹ
ʦʦжõ
ͻȻкӿڴ䳡İʵ
δҲ۰Ͱ͵ؿ¡
ˣ
һ̣¿ڣ
ৡ
Ļ˲ԼͬؽĿͶɽׯſڡ
˵עУط紩һ˶һ˫˶Ьһɫıɽׯſڡ

ط֣ͳͳɵˡ
ΪطӺʹеĳ̫󣬿ȥһҲߣһߡ
Ժ󣬲ȺǻعطӶֱ䳡ٶȿ磬һӰ
һ̣Ҫ˵ºͺǣ䡢ӥͼ˶޷ط
ڵʵôҾȻζˣ
䳡ϣʧڡ
Ҫ֪һжɱǿߣѲһˡ
ӥЦȫѧ֮ΪܹгһտطдһһֱŬ䣬÷ݡ
ˣҲֻǽ书ڣطԽ˦ԽԶ
ϵ͸˵ҪȡҪ˵ǣļҺҵĴˣȣҲպǡ
һӥˣѧ츳ӥһŬӥʮ֮һ
֮УԺӥǻڣΨ仹ڻͣԴ˺⡣
͵˵䣬ط䳡˵ǰ
شʦ
ֵܣ
طֵܣ
º˼ͬʱطкƺͬ
ط΢ЦŵͷȻĿͶΪ׵ĶʮӣȻǾһشԼǸоԼϳ˻һ
Ǻãط硣
ط״΢ЦſڣԼȻǿҽԼ˵һǵ֣䡣
ʦҽꡣ
طĻ䣬ȴӾлع񣬿ҽܡ
һ̣Ƕ÷СϣżĿʮּᶨ
Ϊ־ҪʦһΪȫǿѧš
ţ
ĻǼᶨĿ͵ı飬طвһ
ֹһ䡢Ժӥ˵Ƕô㡣
˿̣ᵽ
һĺӣܹ˶̵ʱ񣬶ӵ˼ᶨĿ⣬ֱò˼ݡ
ãܰ
ط΢ЦŻӦûԼ͡
ʦʦ˵ǿѧţҽעΪǿʦ𣿡
۵ٴ˫дŨŨĺ档
ৣ
ûлӦطɫȻһ䣬Ѹתɽׯſڡ
ΪӦһǿֲϢڼٽӽ
ط磬䡢ӥͼȻǷ׷ͬطһĿͶɽׯſڡ
һ̡
ؿһɫۣԯɽׯſڡ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬䡢ӥͼԵɫ䣡
֪طһս̩ɽ֮۵ʱ˿һ۱˳
Ҳ֪طҵĶԹնɱӡһ࣬û䣡
һ£ýֺͷ뵽Ϊɱط磡
ӣؼСΪȫǿʦ
·Ϊӡ֤˵жƵģȻڻӦҲط̣ΪҪˡһᵱǵ棬նԴ




1735 ˭㹷ţ
Ӱɽׯſڣȴ쳹䳡ϣһ
˵䣬Ӷͬһ磬ٳ䳡һƬƬѩ
Щѩľε÷裬һѩƺƵʮֺˡ
ͻһĻֱӾΪ׵ĶʮӣҲŵ»ʧɫüĿ֮価ǵǡ
Ϊطĵ֣¶ط˽⼫Ϊϸ
ĳЩ֪ıѩ㶼
֪طҵĶԹҲ֪Ҽѧĵڻȫѧ磬Ǿǿ֮еٮٮߡ
ɱֱºݻҪնطͷ­
ط˽⣬طǾԲսӵģ
һ棬֪طֵû֡
һ棬ɱ׻ƵɽţΪ׻Ƶŵط磬ߵĻǵڱ˳ӡ
һ׻ƵδͣΪȫѧЦ
ΪҪǣطһ׻Ƶһ뺢Ǽ棬гɱߵĻǶȶʮӽ޷Ӱ죬ıǵǸضǿʦ޵Уһսų
Ϊ֪ǿΪ֪طѡӦսޱȵطİΣ
䡢ӥͼȻ
ڵĵͬʱ׷һطԣҪطһ
ô£
ͬʱȶʮӱǾ仰ıѩŵòᣬɪɪкӸʧڡ
ǣû¡
ط罫ĿӶӰջأͨٶж϶Էʵͬʱת庢¶һõЦʮ͡
طĻطǲõЦеľʧȡ֮ǰȫС
һ̣ǶԣǰǸɫʵӰͷ·һɽΪǵֵѩ
ơʦղǸ˵Ҫɱ㡭
ĵľ֮һľĺӵǵ˵
к֮ģѾʮˡ
Ȼ֪طĶԹնطͷ­ζʲô
Ȼ
Ļ˵һ룬ͣסˣͬʱͫ׷Ŵֱؿǰ䳡
ľӣͬҲĿطŲͶ
Ѿ䳡ϡ
ͣ˽ŲɢһƬƬѩ䡣
վѩУĿط磬ͷ·ڿһʬ塣
ΪһǿߣҼȻܵԴСҪ𣿡
ܵǿֲɱ⣬뵽֮ǰĻŭڡ
طǻѧӢۣĿŵصɱѵ±𣿡
Ļ£һĬľګӥҲˣ˵һλ֮ŭ⣬Ҳо棬ɲ˵ҿȷظ㣬ɽɡںͼҾԲӲܡ
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ԣһؿ䡢ӥˣſֲϢ
ѹȡ
һ̣򾯸в䡢ӥˣþǿߵѹȣ
ɲǼ䣬ӥֻͷëؿڷƣǸо·һͷֲʷǰޡ
ңˡҶʦǺͬţطֵܣ
ӥѹȣԿڵͬʱһŵ˵֮⣬ӦƻĴʦͻ֯Ƕط硪ѵͲºô
ޣóŻƤŻϷϷⱲӳԵαǳԵ׶ࡣؼСѽ书˾ǿ߾Ϸһ̸ԴС
ЦţĿδ䡢ӥͼɨֱëȻοͻ֯˶ץϷնͷҲǼӵЭ֯˭˵ʲô

Ȼⷬ䡢ӥͼ˶Ĭˡ

طûлɱǿߵʵطûбͻ֯ץôǿ԰һѿɽͶ
Ȼ
û
֪˵һУֱǸղ˵һбú顣
ͬ˶ֻҪ׵ϰɸӰ죬֯Ҳ档
οطڱץ
Ҳɱʦ
ʱͻȻŭغһȻ˫ȭط
ɱʦ
Ļ׷ѧӣһͬط磬һҪط繲ͬӦСսļơ
һĻ˵Ԥϡ
ط𾪵ͬʱ˸ж
ڶݵ󣬳ȺЦ˵Ǹʲôǰ;ɱ뿪Ȼǿѧţ
㡭㾹ȻڴȺӵ⣿̫
ҪȺӣֱŭΪԸԭ֮жԺǸġ
ӥδڣҲŭɶƴҪǡ
ҲǰĸСһ˺ǵǰ
СУȻϷľ棬ϷڻɱؼС֮ǰڵ˽̽س
һһΣ׼䣬졣
Ϲ˭㹷ܵ׻ƵҰ˭ţΪɱңô
Ȼ
ͷ֮жطȻ
£
ͬԤϵһԾǿİϵطûߣѡӦս
Ҫźǵ棬˽ҶԹͬʱ׻Ƶ
ô׻Ƶɽ





1736 ս޲ʤӲ
һʱ䣬طͬף䳡Ͽը졣
ৣ
ȻطǿޱȵĻסҪӶΣɫһ䣡
СС˵ʲô
ɴ۾ط磬ϳŲš
Ȼ֪طһǿƣû뵽ط羹Ȼ
һ̣ԼĶǲǳ˻
ûлӦ
طͣ½Ųȡ±ϵıͳ洫ȭףȻ󽫱һԣȭס
䣬ǽǴȥ
һУطſڣɲǻӦǳ˵ġ
á
ʶӦȻֹ
ԺӥҲһ
Ƕµط϶ӦսͬʱҲط粻
ϾյϢطոͻƾǿ߾ǾǿаĴڣս˫
شʦСġ
˵䡢ӥͼû˵ĻüĿ֮ĵû˿Ρ
һ̣ΪطʲôѺ͵ط磬ʲôҲˡ
£䡢ӥˣźǳ䳡׼䳡ս
һĻδֹ
ҲĽսᲨ˵Ⱥӡ
Ը⿴ģ
ΪΪ׵ĶʮӣѾҵĴˡ
ʦʦܹսʤǸ𣿡
˳䳡ʱһسʵ
ӣҲ۰Ͱ͵ؿ¡
ԡ
ü϶˵Ҫסǵʦս޲ʤǰǣǣǣ
ţ
µĻǴĳħһ㣬ʱȺǰһ
ϵĵǵȻ޴棬ȡ֮Щ˷ܡ
䡢ӥͼҲһ
ղţΪͻȻɱе˿̣ǲ뵽һ¡
ԴطɱΣδܹ
µĻ˵ս޲ʤ
еĵҲ˼֣һЩڴһս
СҸıˣҲҪնͷ­Ҫͷ
˳䳡֮ٶȿڣط磬ҧгݵ˵ţеŭ⼸ﵽ˼£ϵɱ졣
Ϲ·
طһȫ޾г޵еؽ
սӶ֣սӶ֡
ͬÿһӦսʱһطڿڵͬʱѴ߶غѪط
һ̣ڵھӿѪ糱ͬһʱʱɱͬһգɢաȵϢ˲䱩ǣ
ţ
طͻȻƣ΢΢һ
ȻѾ֪طɱ˺ڰʹ̿ǿߵ飬жطʵһԤУط˿ĿֲϢЩ𾪡طеĸǿ
Сò˵ѧȷʵޣǰ޹ݡ
ᣬ㽫书˾ǿ߾Ҹͻ磬ӵǿϢһľǿ߶Ķ֡
ɳȥ㼫пͻư벽񾳣ۣ֮
ݵľȹǸ̾һȻЦϷǰĵڣûΪʵһսϷ֪뷨Ƕô
Ϲķϻ̫ˣ
طһȣֱӴĻ
£طƴﵽۣһΣһͬһ磬ֱӳɱ˹ȥ
Ծǿаһڵطǵûսߣг޵е
һ̣ط罫ǿչֵ쾡¡

ױط缤ŭͬһȡ
ȳֱӻΪɱط磬նһֵ
һ棬طȫԤϣҲʧȥ˰εĻᡣ
һ棬ԼʵžԵģΪֵͿնɱط硣

һֵնǰĿֱӱиձһĵ磬طϯƿֲ
Ϊǿߣļһһ⣬ȴҵеĺʽֱӽ˵˵һ״̬
һ̣ľȫںϣŭ⡢ɱ⣬ȫط˷·𶼻һ׵նвݣ
һȫѧľǿߣܹ޼
Ȼ
˿ֲһط粢δãֱһȭ
ǹʽ
죡
طһ֣㶯Դ书ǿɱУھͬ˳ӿұۣȭ֮ϣγһھС
䡪
طһȭǰĿֱըֱɢ˺Хĵ硣
ΪԱΪǹ
ͬŴսɱͽѸ͵ش̳һǹֱӴնֵ
ɱжԺ䡣
â
һսһʼطֱӲգ


1737 ߸֪
䡪
̼䣬طȭݺݵֵϣһ˴ǹıײ
طȭ֮ϵھз׷ըھһ𣬷ӿֵնھײһڵըµϯķ
طȭֵֿȭȭһ΢İۡ
ֵնµġ
طȭۣұһ飬ѪƯ˲ܿƵسȥ
žžžžž
طһ岽ʵĵĽӡӡܱߵĵֱѿˡ
洫ȭף߶غѪطɱС졯Ӳƴ岽
ѸȶѪھͬʱоȲѡ
Ϊ֮ǰͨٶȣսһԤ
˿ֹ̣֣սҪԤĸǿ
˵طǾȵĻôԶս䡢ӥͼ𾪣
ȻǸղΪµĻ뵽طĲսΪطսҲɻʤΪطֻͨḻɱ飬ȡʤ
仰˵ط޷Ӳա

ǿط潻ֺ岽Ҳ
ӲӲطƲԣ
Ƕ֪طǶô죬Ҳһһμ֤ط֮٣ȻǾĿɿڴ
Ƕˣο
䳡ϣһ¡
ѾûǰĿȡ֮ǵǲţ
ţոͻƾǿ߾ط磬ӲӲǰ£ûˣ˫˵൱
𺳣Զ䡢ӥͼˡ
Ϊǿ߾Ѿʮˡ
뻯۷֮ϸΪһ㻯۷ʦǿߡ۷ǿߺ;ǿߡ
ĸСУھۺȡھá
ǿ߾ļһ֮䣬ÿһÿһʽߣȻɣھԷӳѧʽӵ¡
㡭Ÿոͻƾǿ߾ôӵǿս˫۵ɵùԲ𾪵ѿڶ
ͻƾǿ߾ɱնݣ
طӦٴ쳹䳡Ͽա
㡭˵ʲô
˼һ㣬ɫٴο䣬㻹ûͻƾǿ߾ֻ۷ǿߣⲻܣ
ô
Զս䡢ӥͼԳɵˡ
ǲ֪طֻ۷ǿϢǺһΪطͻ˾ǿ߾Բſĺɱڰʹ̿˵ǿߣ
۷ǿߣ羳ǿеİӲӲ·磿
ǵļѧδֹ飬߸Ƕѧ֪
޷ϢǴڻȫѧɶôĺ䶯
ô
ৣ
طûٷϻֱжӦ
סѪھٴ
һһɱɱ鼫ḻս֮ͬܳҡ
һʼѡӲӲΪ̽ͳ˽ս
˿̣ԼղǾ仰𺳣ٴȹΪ˲ε
ڶóҩָ͡ɱ֮еƺǰսǰ£Ӳ޵΢·硣
һ£εطԣһΣյ飡
Ϊ
ǵ͵ĵڶǹսʿһ
е޵ȫ
һεս
ʱطɱѶȽɱӣһпܱɱ
սǰ滮սеսԣΪӪطѧɱҲá
СҲŪ
طٴɱξѣûطĻΪطԻ𾪡㱵ʱ֡
ͷͬʱһδε
һˡ
ط缸˲ǰ
һ棬ȻطսȫԤк󣬵ȻţԿֽطɱ

ȵͬʱٴλΪһննط硣
ɽն
ҵ֮ΪԵʽԢΪһնɽ
طĶһս̩ɽ֮۵ʱһùһС
ʱһԯطѡܿȻߡһĹҵһֵ©׼ᣬһˣջɱ
޵һУԶһ
һΣطͬѡܡ
ڼ˵ǰʱȻһ٣Ȼһ

ĵϯط磬ε·죬ʹ˫ۣ޷ۡ
̺ſھֵطն䡣

һնգͣ٣־һննطĲ
һˮ磬ȫطٴܵĻᣡ
Σʱ̣طۣڵֵֵͬʱȭٴκԴ





1738 ε
ΣطΣңֱһƵļơ
ţԲƴ
ΪԷһһȭͬʱۣڷء
һҪطҲֱ赲ֵ˲䣬ж
ȻطжϵһƴǵһʱջֵѸٺ󳷡
Ŀǻɱط磬طͬھ
οѧӣѾȺӵδҴˣҵĸˡ
˶Ը⡣
ԣһʱѡСˣΪϡ
ɱͬսʵս֮⣬ơ
һˣƶʱ
ҽ
ϡ
طץסᣬӰұٴȭգһȭţޱȡ
һȭطƱǣȫѹƣһҪ򱬵ļơ
ΪǿаĴڣʲôʱ׷Ŵ

ŭ£һ٣һȣΪ䣬һնط磬Ҫһطˡ
Ȼ
Ҳû뵽ǣֵն˲䣬طͻȻȭͬƵһתܡ

̺ſֲھֵ϶£طǰն䣬նһĵ磬ɨе棬

ʱطҽŶȻ߳һǱӣĽס
𹥡
طղſư˵˲䣬͹ʵֻ𹥡
׼˶ŭ֣׼
ܵͬʱ֡
ı
طӦսڵı֣Ҳһһɱй᳹Ĳԡ
顪
촫
طһǱȳŽϡ
һţõǻĺպȹ̷ȡ
ѵھסһţ׾ʹޱȣҲǱóһƶʧ⣬¶
㲡Ҫ
ž
طһǰһŶڵϣڿնʧ
̩ɽѹ
һط綯ƻĴ׻ȭռɱУǸġ
طڿУϥǰͬһȻĴɽ
֮⣬˫ſԱסϥͬʱ˫ֳ
Σգ
еһӿΣյĸо
ղȻסطһţʧȥģ˿δͣ½ŲѪЩִٳ֣޷ӳӦеս
ǸǿӲգпܻطɱ
Σʱ̣ŭ෴ǿưϺͽͳͳȥι˳Ƶ£ͬ¿һ㣬Ǳض
ž
ط絥أֱӽȵѿһٴ
طġ̩ɽѹոһͦ㷢طٴɱб˼¡
û
Ǳ
ΪҼһǿеİڣʲôʱ˴
ǵƻġһͬŽ֣ҲûǱ
οԷһߣҵУ
䡪
ͬʱطѾȭٴκ
һȭطٴζɱС졯ƴﵽۣһƲɵĸоȫĻᡣ

һֵٴն
һٴζҵƵɽն
䡪
ȭֵٴײϯ
طˣ׷ױúˡ
һΣطֻһӱõɣʮأȻ
ٴӲӲȫ·磡
һУֻΪղűط׷ʹ򣬳ִ̫٣ѪھЩսۿۡ
ಣ
͵غ˵˲䣬طٴ
һΣ֪ΪΣٶˣûеһʱ˵ǰĻᡣ
С㳹ŭˣ
ͣ½ŲסΣȶѪھͬʱŭһȻ͵ذε
ﬡ
һ죬ԯʣѩףɢɱ⡣
һѱҲһ׵ȾѪ̺ɷʹ߻ᱻɷӰ죬ӶѪɱ
ۿεط͵ֹסΡ
ã
εˣ
طΣˣ
ͬʱԶ䡢ӥͼˣһĻɫһ䡣
Ϊʵ̫Ƕ޷طֵḷ̌Ҳͨ˫ֺݵͣ٣жϳطʼ͹ĿġεĻᣡ
֮⣬Ҳεսᱩ
һ£εԭµģٴɤϣҲٴӿֳĵǡ
СܹƵҰεն㣬ⱲĽ
䳡ϣγԯԭ˥ܵƣȻһħգɱֲ˹
ûлӦ
طϺ¶صı飬ȫû֮ǰǿ֮ˡ
һ̣ÿһɱԵ
Сô죬Ҫ㣡
״ƸЦһȻ͵һԯɱط硣




1739 ʤһ
䳡ϣٶȿ쵽˼£Ҳھת˼£սﵽ۷塣
ٶնɱط磡
ΪڸղţΪ˶طġ̩ɽѹ˾ǿưϺͽ¿ķʽܣֱ֮طһȭõɶ
սǰ˵Ļγ˽ȻķһĶϣ˴δй裬Ҳлޱߵŭ
Ψдݿնɱط磬ϴˢղŵĳ裬йеŭ

˲Ϣ֮䣬ӵطǰұб˸ɭĺ⣬Ȼն¡
δһǰĵ磬Хɨط磬ֱӴ͸ط塣
׼ȷ˵͸طµĲӰ
طӵ˲䣬ܣٶȼ졣
С㲻Ǻܿôҽһ
һնգŭһٴ൶ط磬һնط粻ݵ̬ƣҵҪܹ㼸
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ֳԯ۷սطȫıӦвԣӲգƾḻɱǿսܣϵܡ
һʱ䣬䳡ϵХӰ
Ƴ׷תһʼطѹѹط硣
ط粻ûнһλӲգÿһζȥΪգеԯ裬ʱбնɱĿܡ
һ
һն˵мûκͣ٣ȫط紭Ļᡣ
ˣʼûնط磬ط·߶ûв
ԭɱ׻Ƶɽ֮ǰط֮ǣطǿƻŭ֮Ǳطڱ裬ŭⱬսپ
ն˵δ˵طһë
⡭ŭ
֮⣬ԯ̺ɷҲڲϵش̻˱ߵ״̬
Сһͽ͵ģգϷն㣬յ
˫ͨ죬ɱⱬŭһ൶ɱ
ûлӦ
طұ֮ǰΪأǸо·˾޴ѹ
һĻУڿ񱩵ͬʱٲȻѽط統һˣֻü⡣
ءشʦ·𣿡
˻еĲʼֱ
Ƿݵǣʧȥյ侲šܹͨĻжϳϵƣ̲ס䡢ӥͼʵ
塣ͨϹĻֵĿǰĴ
ɫء
Ȼѽ书˻ڣط硢ʵ̫󣬸޷˵Ľֹ̡
ΪߵļԺӥҲˣǿ峡һУͨĻʶһǡ
ʦ˵ʦս޲ʤΪʲô·أ
ٴΪطеǵͬʱľʶؿʵ
ӣҲʶؿ¡
·粢ζŻܡ
һΣ¿ڣȿڣߵĽǶش
ţ
£ͼԡӥһǰȻһ뵽һֿܣطڹʾͼŭ
ۼ֤طùķʽ
ңҲطʵʵԼǿĵˣϰõķʽ
ͷ֣䡢ӥͼ˵Բ۾ضųϣеϣǵĲ²ʵ
䳡ϡ
ط㣬ʮյرܿնʮߵ
Ȼ
նʮ˵ʱطķӦٶԱ֮ǰ˰ģ¶һ

״̬طٴŭһ
ৣ
ŭӣ
ұ䣬ط統ͷն¡
ն
һҵеռɱС
һҲ񱩡һȫһУƱҪطնɱ
䡪
һնըХĵ棬һ׹⣬˲ط壬һطꡣ
Ȼ
ûѪɽѪɵĳ֣
ã
ɲǼ䣬ӿʶԼеطµĲӰͷһȻܵһǰδеΣգ
ƾսܣҪٴλӶұۣնһ
һΪնɱط磬Ϊ˷ֹط
Ȼ
ˣ
նھʮطǰȻָ̽գʳָ罣ֱӴؿڡ
ָ
һط綯˴ʦҶڵĴָҲѧ书йǿʽ
֮⣬ڶһ֮ǰ׼ȷ˵ε˲䣬طʹ߶ڵĻҩѹԼٶȡ
˿̣ҩѾ׼ս˲
ȫƣսﵽ۷壡
Σգ
طͻһָͷͼȻûлᡣ
Ϊ
һ̫ˣ
һҲطıѾõһ
֮ǰûεط𹥵սռϷ磬ɱ̩ɽѹδ˵
طʶԼôָҲδؿ˵
ָĵƣ
ΪˣʱıԣٶȣεĻᣬɱܣ̼״̬
¶ʵΪʹ񱩵¶ӶһĻᡣ
ȵᣬǿɱСָ
ΪԷһûйԴͺᣬǴؿڲλܹ޷ӦҲ޷ױܿ
طıѾãϷ죬ֻΪһָ
⡭Ǿʤһ




1740 һĿ
طһʼıϸıԣΪӪͬﳤѵһô㿪
飡
ɲǼ䣬طʳָؿڣֲھ˲ŷӿ
꣡
ھ˲䱻ƣǰ߹Ӧϡ
طʳָһ޼᲻ݵֱӴؿڡ
ۡ
طָѪؿڵѪ
һ߷ҶѣؿھʹޱȣҪըһ㡣
һ޷ش

ʱѪĭ˻ţûֹͣӵĵ泯طУҪطгΡ
һ̣֮ǰΪ˵Ƿħ
شͬʱɱ
ΪԣǾѵĳֻᣬҲΨһĳֻᡣ
޷ץסĻôȻᱻطնɱڰε֮ǰⲫطĶ֣˺սۿۣطĶˣ
ò˵Ϊǿеưһ̽һɱõ˼£Ҳǹɺݾչֵ쾡¡
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
ƣƴӵ˲䣬طһǰȫ˫ͬʱӳ״һḥ̂סĸ첲һʣ
ꡪ
ĶϹұӦϣԯھطʮֵĵطͣȾѪСۣ
طԹأƵƴһ
ط粻ͣ³ץסӵĶϱۣԼȻһҼȻһͬһɽһ㣬ײ
˼ɽ
飡
ꡪ
ɲǼ䣬ͬʱ
ۡ
ֱӺɶڿУſһѪͬʱؿڳݣѪģ
һطǰ߹ǣҳ˷֮⣬ҲǱѣ½ط粻֣Ҳˡ

ȾѪѪɵĳԶս䡢ӥͼ˶סˡ
ȻǸղŶʶطпڹʾȻһطʵжӡ֤ǵжϺǻǱ𾪵òᡣ
Ϊһ̫ˣ쵽ǶЩţ
Ӳš
ɵɴ˫ۣضط磬ȾѪϳŲţ
ţղűԼѹƵͬɥ֮Ȯһֻܡֵط磬ͻȻ֮䣬תƣԼش
ţ
䡪
Ӧһ졣
ݺݵ˵ϣҵѿ
ͻȻ׹غͻ˺Ѿʹһڸˡ
ܸط磬һͿأ
ңȴĽ
ʦʦӮ𣿡
ʱԶսȾѪأͬĴϺһһʶسԵʵ
ţӮˣ
¿ڻش𣬻Ǽ¡
Ү
ʦ޵У
µĻ£˷ܵػСҲż
ֵţƣ
طֵ̫ǿˣ
ţ䡢ԺӥҲӸղŵлعǰ˸̲סڡ
ӥûпڣоݡ
Ϊǿˣ֪ǿҲһսϢȥڻȫѧĺ䶯
ͬʱ䳡ϣطȴһƽ
ƺղֻһ΢С£һжԤС

СС̫ˣ
ط߽ӲлعԼҰܸطʵҲͨԼΪʲôһսһں޵һʼҵȻԼ۷ǿߣңΪ˲Ұε·磬̬ʧ⡣
ʱҰεĻᣬȻӦս϶̼ңͬʱһֱʾֱ󣬹¶׼ᱬս
Խ˵Խûڡ
ʱܹһУǻɱһʼε
һĻ̬˲ط磡
Ĳ²׼ȷһ㲻ԡ
Ļ֮ͣطǰӸ£ޱؿ
ʲô
Ҿ۷ǿ߾
ط绺
ܣ⡭ľԲܣ۷ǿ߾ôܻ˿ֲս
ٴط仰ܵĪĴ̼ܵ˾޴裬Ϸ﷭˴㶯ְɣֹң
һΣطûпֻһĿ⿴
㡭ֻ۷ǿߣ
֪ΪΣŸܵطĿеͻȻиط˵ģʶٴοڡ
طɳĬ
ͻƾǿ߾ɱնݣ
Ķϻطǰ˵һ仰
ۡ
ȻһֱǣƣٴѪмƬ
跸Ƶģһҳ鴤Ȼһˣ뿪硣
ɴ۾գǸо·ʲ죺طΪ۷ǿߣ˿µսôһͻƾǿ߾Ͱ벽񾳣ǿֵز
ûд𰸡
һ졣
һط׻Ƶ䳡
Ŀ




1741 ˷۱
ˣ
һ䳡ϣ¡䡢ӥͼоӿֳһͷȻ𾪡
Ŀ̣µһ̣ɾط絥ɱͬλһĲʵ
ϾǿҼһĵǿаĴڣ
طֻвʮ꣡
ৣৣৣ
𾪹䡢ӥͼ˲ԼͬӶӰǰ䳡
ϹĿ
俴״̲ס˵֮û˿ͬ飬෴еޱȵ泩
Ϲʵǿ󣬳طֵܱͻ֯ץʱûʵɱֱϧԿĵ˵
ӥδڣҲطһĵ顣
ˣطֵܣֻ۷ǿ߾𣿡
󣬼뵽ʲôسطʵ
ӥҲ۰Ͱ͵ؿط磬Ҳ֪ġ
ţֲִʱͻ۷ǿ߾طͷδʵ
Ϊ˶ǾֵεˣҲֹһοŸ
۷ǿ߾羳ɱǿаĴڡطֵܣΪ
ӥЦֻⱲѾûиطдĻˡ
δһѧţֻᱻطԽ˦ԽԶ
˵ˣһǧѳľȲɡ
Ц˵طǿʵûдֻ̼Ϊطеˡ
Ǵȫѧ綼ģ
ҲЦͬʱ뵽ǸֻѪֱԶѣǸо·ԼĳɾƵġ
ʱܴȥطҡҡͷ
Ϊʲô
䡢ӥͼ˲Լͬʵ
£Ϊ⣬뵽еԵɣ˵ԣܴȥطֵĿǰȫķ˿ڣжһһǿ
Щж֪طֵ۷ǿ߾ɱ˾ǿаЩԻ᲻ϧһдɱطֵܣ
ûΪطֵܳɳ̫ˣ츳Ǳս̫ˣЩжǱڵв̫ˣǾطֵܳ׳ɳǿ߾벽񾳡ӥҲʶһ㡣
ţʵѧ磬֪УҪˡ
طͷֶʦŵҲҪߡ
İɣֵܣǻϸܵġ
ȿڣӥͼҲǵͷ͡
ڴ飬ȵʱԴȥط˵
طֵܣ˼ǣµʲôҿ϶
ȵʱ죬һڰѶӶȫ塣ط͵
طֵܣ㲻ĵжɳ벽ǿߣӥ⡣
ʦҲõİ벽ǿߣ˵Ŀǰƣ벽ǿ߲Ұطش
ֵܣ˵ʱʲôЩɻ
ȻѪ𣬵Ӧ֪ڻѧԵðŵﻪ֯ѧķգɱţȻ̣
ط˵о˸ңû´Ļ֧Ǿң
ٴطĻ䡢ӥͼһȻ
Ȼط׵ţ˽ⲻ֪ط֮Ĵδ

İ
ྩĳؼԺ
ܺӺڲò͡
˶ӸλڼҳԷĴࡣ
طͽη֮ǼڼԷˡ
ǶȱգĸҲԸ
ⶼȥüˣǸû绰𣿡
ĸ׳˰뷹̲סʵ
ǰȥնɱطʱܾͽӡ
ĸ⼸춼ط类ɱϢ컹ص³Ĳһ
ûӵĵ绰ҡͷ
ᷢʲôɣĸԥһʵ
ᡣ
ܸܺɴҡҡͷΪؼǸСߣص˽ѧ顣˵ǿ֮һģǿֶֻЩ˶ǸѧϹ֮⣬Ҳֻȼ˿ȼ硣ؼСС
Ǿͺá
ĸԣ˲٣̲֮סһ䣬Ǹɱ˵һֱܺãŴ˵۾Ҫȳ극绰Ǹô£
á
ͬ顣
ΪѾȥɽˣûϢأҲЩɻġ
ܻ֮ص鷿ĸҲ˽
óǵ绰ֱӵӵ棬ͨЯǲǵ绰
ι
ɽ׻ɽׯطͨ˵绰ģȿڡ
ط磬Ѿ书۷ǿ߾ӵоǿߵսģͬСӹҼһס
ʦؼǸСûеɽ𣿡
ܿżɽʵĸվһԣ
ˡ
ôûгɱ
һɻʵ
Ϊˡ
طٴοڣûмģ
ৣ
ԣɫ˲䣬ʶʣ㡭˭
ط磡
طԱ

ܾһǵ绰ֱֶ˦ľذϣѵһ졣
Ȼ
ûȥ绰˳ױˡ
ĸףҲ˺üӣȻһãȻؿܣ㡭㲻˵ǸһɱǸɱ˵Ϊʲôˣ
ûлش
һʯһԭأһ
˷۱
ıɱطļƻٴʧܣһ˹ɱ˵ͨ¼


1742 һ
ɽĴѩѾͣˣ춼Ǵ졣
ʱ֣Ϧ֮ϣɽЩװĻѩһɫɴ£ۼ
׻ׯ԰һľݡ
طסϢ
ľطͨж֮󣬽ͨ¼档
ͨ¼˹Ӷɱط֤ݣ
Ҳطڹȥһֱڵȴġ
ͨ¼֮ط绰£Լľһˡ
Ӻˡ
ȻǼɫƤ£ǽëϴƤ㣬һ˫ѥ͹µչֵ쾡¡
֮⣬֪⻹⣬صػױ͸ˮңˡ
£Ҹղźͨ¼Եҹɱҵ֤ݣպáط罫ǵ绰¡
õģ
½ӹǵ绰ȻЩɻʣȻ¼Ϊʲô鷳أ
¼ֱӵ֤ݣҿԼϡ
طһǵؽ͵ΪؼǣĿǰƶҲܹõԴǴ⵹ҵʱ¼ţȵʱʱһὫɴ͸ҡ
ԭˣ
»Ȼ
Žһ̡̳ߣҶԵҵ˽⣬֪ط绰е˼
طڽ¼ųȥҿ˵ͨ¼αġĿǰڶʢʱڣȫԵߵǷǡ
ʷָ¹Ϊ
Ȼ֪طеʱʲôʱ򣬵ţȵһ죬ط綪ͨ¼ĻؽĳҰһ
⣬£ȥ½׻ƵɱңҷɱϢͬʱںһ仰طڶš
ʲôʡ
ô׻Ƶߡ
ط绺ڣ̺֮ɱ
ɱͷһӲŻع¡
Сʱ
һڰ̳ͬһذըֱð̳ըˣ
ɱ
ӵı⡣
ѧҼǰ׻Ƶɱɱ
ӵҪݡ
Ҫ棬»ϸؽйϢһǿ߾꣬ǾǿаĴڣ
·֮صڵǰԡ
Ϊİ֮һ
ÿӣЩȫĺڰǿ߶طΪпʱеǳ˷ܡ
Ƿ˷ܣطˤӡ
ܿģ·ӱ̳Ա졢öѸײڶ֮ӡ
¼״طˤʱƼƵģԼ٣΢΢ؽ
OhMyGod
ܿ죬¿˵һŻظ
ǰòŸոһжɱڰʹ̿˵Ĵϣֻɱ˾ǿаĴڡҲ̫˰ɣ
ʮ꣬ɻɱǿаĴڣư벽޵еĴڡȵʮꡢʮǿֵزȫһ𣿡
ô׻ƵߡǺεȵİ
ѵһҲĵж½׻Ƶɱô
ôˣڴŶ֯

ڵǰһؿԣЦû֦չǽһġ
ͬʱ
һŮˣͬڵǰźһ顣
ȡ
֯С
ӷһӺ󣬱ӵ˻㱨֪طɱ飬Ȼһʱ˱ʼǱԣ½̳ʼӵϸϢ
ĻЩԣͬҲЦ
ЦòţЩЦݺžµֻ˵ڻЦݡ
ž
ܿ죬۰׵ָɿûẓ̇ڡôˣڴŶ֯֡
һ
֮ϵЦݿʼˣЩһֻ˻µСꡣ
ؿţǸΪĻظԷɿٶȡˡOhMyGodΪȵԣ޺ͻظԿֲ
רŽĻظͼȻӣ֯ƻǴһ
ӣҲܿΪڷ֯˵ԭĿģ̳ϳ
Ȥһ찡
˸Ȼ˯£ѩ׵㣬ߵǰ
ô׻Ƶߡðǰ᲻ɱң
뵽Ǿʮ㡢ɱȻĻЦŰԼȻĿͶ˶
ʱȥһ˻ģȥϵĹȿ
ţţ̲ס
˵ȥĿԺȴֳһӰ
ط磡




1743 
̳Ϊ·ϢըͬʱԼķϵԼʦʦ
䣬ôͻȻҴ绰ˣִ˰ɣ
绰ͨڷʦڵ绰ͷȿڣżֲ
֪Լ츳ѵĵӣ˶ûȤ֮⣬鶼ܸȤÿγɽҪ飬ֱطһ֮ı䡣
Уѵоô𣿡Щơ
һֱƺʦΪУƺڵʥʦΪϺС
ڵİ벽ǿߣһֱδ
Լʲôû
ʦû˵Щ괳Ļ٣Ǹȥ죬÷ʦ뽫ʦš
УһҪ㣬Ȼô˵Ǿˣݰݡ
䱻Щջֱҵ绰
ȵȡ
ʦæֹ䣬乴˺ģ̲סʵʲôţ
ҵǸקһƥ
ãããΪʦˣǸ֪ľŰɡ
ʦ̬䣬Ҳһֱദʽ
һɱ׻ƵҪɱط磬طˣ
䵹ҲǡС֮ˣۿʦǸ̽Ϣ˷ʦ֮𾪡
ƺֱ˿̣Ȼãطɱ̫ħá
㡭˵ʲô
绰ͷʦֱӱˣ˲ţһѽ书˾ǿ߾ھǿҲж֣طܹɱ
Ум٣
ţƺǸоԼ׳١
طС̫˰
˺üӣʦŴлعĻѵ㿴˼ط磬ٿ㣿ɽߣѧϰʲôʱһŬҲҺй⣿
УǲܵΣݰݣ
ܿ϶Ĵ𸴣Ȼ󲻵ȵ绰ͷķʦ׵ǵعҶ˵绰ֱӹػ
ͬʱ
׻ׯ԰һľ
ӥҲϵԼʦԲطɱ˲Բ
ӥʱǱϣЩע֮ӣط硣ڻȫѧ磬ѹһѧš
ӥĻ㱨֮󣬲ԲҲ˺þãȻ̾˿֪һֱ׷ͼгһʽдһҪ㣬Խ˵ɶвɵִδԽԽǿᶯҡ֮ġ
ʦİɣûеִҲġ
ӥڻش𣬱̬ȡ
֪ѧһ;׷طˣط統ɰĿ꣬׷طĲŬǰԼź

һߣҲûţҲϢ㱨Լĸס޳
Զ㵱뿪壬ѡطһǷǳȷľ
޳Ϣ֮ҲĬãſڵһλߣӦóѹͶ
ף˵ʵǰкܴѹûѹˡΪ֪ѹҺͬʱѧŲһ̫ˡ
ԣԼһγȫѧĲط򱬾Ҵˣط⣬Ҫѡлط̲סЦһڶеġϾҺֵܣܸϺȡ
ľͺáˣȲ˵ˡȥϢүүүүһ
ӵĻ޳еʮοȻ׼ͨ
õģס
˵ֱ꣬ӹҶϵ绰ȴԼүүϢʱΡ
ţԼүүıһǳʣ
ΪүүͬһʱˣҲͬʱţµ˶ҲڰнϾ
񣬾ǸʱطһѧŻɱһǿߵ𺳣Զ˵ģ

ʮ°ȺӵסȷǶ˯󣬻صԼס
֪Ƿ
֮վڴߣطס̲סԼ
ûд𰸡
ҧź޵촽ӣĳͷʹ£صңȥ·һԸе˯ȹȻ´Ƥ¡
һУڻױǰ˲ױƿƣ뿪סҹɫǰطס
¼ͣ»ֻ˯ȹƤ£ûҩƹʣҲɪɪһƬȡ

Ƭ̹طסſڣʵ
£ɡ
ܿ죬ﴫط
õģ
ӦһȻŶ롣
طϥһϣڤƿƣ΢΢һ
ԸѾˡ
²֪ղűˣЩ˼΢΢Щ죬ԵøĶˣһط磬һ˵Ȼƣ׻ƵδһЩ滮֪ʱ𣿡
á
طͷͬ⣬Ȼ
һϲߵƹǰһƿƣȻžߵطǰݸطһ
£ʱˡ
طӹƣ
ˣܹΪ£µңҲܿġ
ֱؿط磬˿е鶯ͬĺ䣬Ǹ˶ᵽ
طһû˵ʲô
ӣһ
·ɣ
һ¶ǣµĵӴû㱨⡣
£ط翪ڻӦ¾Ʊ⿪ƤµŦۣ¶ĺɫ˯ȹ
̡
ա




1744 ԱӦ
ϣطɱһⷢ飬Ѹײڶ֮ƣȫ˾޴𶯣ͬҲ顣
ص㲢¼ǽ֯طдһ
ѵǲ벽ǿߵİ񵥣
ƶϳĻǻǰ벽ǿ֮޵У
ϵ۰طڶ̶ʱ䣬Ӱߣɳزֱ̫˼ˣ
һҹ̽֡⣬ȴ֪ǽ֯Сһ硣

峿մӵƽ¶Դʱ̻ձ̵̵ƶ߾̡
ˡ
̻ʵһʱ񣬱ֵüء
Ϊ̲ձѧĵһˣƿŹ϶ǿĹ̵ʦ
ǾѧҲϣ̳о̣ƶ̵ˡ
д̣ҺҪֹǱ뻪ĴɱǸ֧ϵļƻ
̿żɽ˵
طǱձѪϴձѧ磬뿪ձ硢ѧձ˳ϣ
طڶ¼կǿƻɱձ̵ǿɽһ̣ٴձѧ硣
طǰֲѵأԳҰΪ׵ձֲӳԱ
һУձѧ磬ط֮ǡ
֪طֲɱڰһţһжɱڰʹ̿˵ĴϺձѧӼᶨط糹׳ɳ
ˣΪǸϢ𣿡
̻дɫһ䣬Ȼʶʲô
šͷ
ʦǸ֧ǵҵʵȻǾǿжĴڣҵĶ֡ұ֤ҳ֣ԿԻɱǸط֧ϣ
д̸ı˶Ծ̵ĳƺһϺس
ȻΪɱطǶʵĲΣ޷
дֹ̣ɱǸ֧ϵļƻΪ޷ɱ෴ţʵʩɱĻɡ̿д̵˼ҡͷ
ʦдЩɻ
ǶԣǸϢؼĵطǸɱǸν֧ǵ
˵ͣһ£д˼ʱ䡣
ʦǸ֧ϣųǾݻΪ̡̣δֻԼл֯ѧ硣
дһԼ˼˾̵˼
ǵġ
̵ͷ¶οı飬ȻǸ֧ϣ˵ԼڵĵطȻû֯ͻѧǿô㣬սǰȥɱᱻɱԣֹƻ
ʦˡ
дΪ̵ƶϺпܳΪʵϳŲġ
㲻òģֻǱ뻪Ĵɱļƻ˵Ҫֹɱļƻ
̽д̵ı龡۵ףѵһǸ뿪ģһʱ֣
ǣˣ
дǰһ̴ԭɱ⣬Ҳͬɽ緢һ㣬Ȼֲ

սܲ
Ϊ벽ǿߣսվƶߡķ䡣
ʦ
뷿䣬ȿڣ֮䶼¶ء
ǵġ
Ϊ벽ǿߣʱһֱء
Ϊ֪Ѿ޽ӽǸ˵еľˡ
ɣս벽ǿ֣δĶ֣
ң𣿡ʵ
ǵģʦ紫һϢΪҪҪ㱨˵
ŶʲôϢ
Щɻ֪رҪ飬Լ
ʦ컪طǸƤӡ
ٷϻæطɱһҶⷢϢϸ˻㱨
üͷֱ壬һԲ
ʦҽǰĻɱǸƤӵļƻ
״飬˵ԼĿΪΪطǸƤӣضⷢ棬˿ǰȥɱпһı
˵֯ͻѧûط統նɱط˹ȥȻȫɱһ
ǵģʦҸ˵жϡͷ
ǾͷǸƻ
ĬΣȻֲֻҪǸƤ뿪ģڲð벽ǿߵǰ£ϧһдۻɱ
õģʦ
ѸȻûָʾת뿪˷䡣

ܲ
ΪʹĻ׺ķ䡣
ˡ׺
ʹ£ʡ
ǵģˡ
׺ͷȻ˵⣬Ӧ֪˻طǸϵ˰ɣ
ţôˣ
ڰУ˫죬Ŀ⺧˵ضŻ׺
ˣΪӰܴ󡪡Ǹ϶ⷢľ棬пøһıӶǰĻɱ׺˵ԼĿ
ʲô
üͷµ˻׺˼ȷ
һ֮ڣǰĻɱǸϣҽǰģȻȥƻģ
׺һһ俪ڣᶨſµɱ⡣
ȷҪô
üͷøˣ֪׺ζʲô
ȷ
׺ܸɴصͷ˵Եɣ׿Ҹ˵ĶԹ̸ӴֳǸϼɳȥˣһͻư벽񾳣ɾ޴в
á
Ĭӣſͬ⡣
ΪΪ׺˵мֵһ׺Ѿû̫塪׺ѳѧ磬ôҲпΪ뿪
ϣ鷢
ͬʱҲףһ׺ɱطƻģڳѧսᵼ˵սǰ




1745 ֧Ԯ
ڶ죬ʱֻط
ৣ
Ȼ˫ۣȥץֻ
ҪҪ˯һ᣿
ʱط
ϻҪϿΡ
طĻһʶ׻ָѣͬʱֻûɢƵģһЩطۡ
һУֻΪź̫ˡ
׻˵Сʤ»顣
طԴ뿪ɽǰ¼կӭսɽһ̣չѾһˡ
һ£ˤӡ
Ȼ˻ҩʱһŮҪǿö࣬طһǿߣмܣһˤֱӻ˯˹ȥ
£뵽ķĵһƬ糺졣
䣬㴩̫ˣȥɡط˵
á
ٴطĻһЩȻص˵ͷͷůġ
طʮָжͬʱҲףԼĽ׷ˣǽºͽĶ
ĳ˵Ѿһλá
ǸλúСС㣬˵ܳ
ʮӺ𴲣·߳ҵʱطѾסſڵˡ
߰ɣұ㣬ȥط翪˵
áá
ºǲһֱС¹ƵģĴײ
ȻڸղŶʮֹһβ²жطᱧͻסط׿˵ǸеЩͽš
½ŵò֪ʱطùķʽ
ͬСһطϣŵס˺ͬʱ˫ֽ˿У֪ǷҪȥ§طĲӡ
ץҡ
ط״ѵ
á
عֱ§סطĲӣԴطؿϡ
ط粻ٷϻƿţһΣͬһһ㣬£µסȥ
ڶϺХڲϺˣİ˽Լ
һ̣һִδҸ
ǷҸһʱ侲ֹһ̳Ϊ̰ͷ
ǷҸͬξһ㣬Ĳʵ
Ȼ
ܿģеʧۣ֮ѵסſڡ
ˣҲ𽥻ָ侲
£ܱ͵סǰĸ̰
ţȻط罫ͽԺ֮󣬵лл鵽˴δйİȫкҸ
˯һᣬȻȥˣֱȥҾСطЦŽ·¡
ܹܵ¶Լİ⣬һˤǰ˵һ޷κζŵ
ȷʾҪκζֻҪܸط߱ˣԹ޻ڡ
Ȼʵ̫񣬵׼ʱس˿ϣĻΣɫȥȹȥһ¶ã棬ǱĻʢ
طǻصסܽһһսĵεΡ
սǰıսб仯սܽᡣ
طϰߣһֱڼ䱣ֵڡ
սһľǿҪǿϾǿеĸ֣Ⱦǿ߰ҪһЩ
طս̣
Ȼɹɱ֪ʤս۾սȲյ
仰˵첻طɱĻط綯еƣսǴ¼
սǿеİɱսܣǿԿ⡣ҪߵĻǾǿǿĴڣҲ޷ҡ
طţԼսҲһ֪
˵޷ɱǿеİøأδؾ޷
磬ɱԼգһ䷴ɱ
طֵܣɽɵˣ᷽𣿡
͵ط罫ԼһսܽϣҶԼսһ֪ͬʱԺ⴫ӥ
ӥͳ
ط΢΢һȻѸٿڻӦ߳䣬Ժ⡣
˼طֵܣչˡӥط߳ЩǸ˵
ӥˡطҡҡͷȻʵһʦģ
ӭ͵Ҵ㣬˵˵չؾͲ㡣ӥ˵
һʦǰݷãܱչزߣҸȥطЦȻӥһͬɽׯ·ӭ͵
νӭ͵ʵһȽϴľݣľԺӣԺΧţ˻ľ
طӥӭ͵ʱһںΪݵĲ衣
ǸŴʦʧԶӭ
طţֱӱȭһʾǸ⣬̬ʮء
أ޹ʵΪһӥţѧǰҲֹһθ
һ뻪ѧǿ߸һΣطġ
С磬˰
һЦŷ²豭ӥ˵ͻ˾ǿ߾ɱصعǻѧ겻ľš
Ŵʦˡطǫ˵
㲻ʮ꣬ӵս˵ǧѴľţΪ
һЦ˵Ц֮¶żĽ󻰷һתˣ⣬ХʥʦҲϵ
Ŵʦллǣ
ٴһĻطһӥ֮ǰ˵һڼԼʱʶһХʥʦſԼǰʵ֧ԮǰԼ
⡭طг˸м
С磬ӥԡֵܡңǻѧӢۣǻѧδл֮˵
һЦŰ˰֡
ط룬һХ˵ȷ֧ԮطģͬʱҲ˻ᣬطĹϵ
ΪǼţõδطϻȫѧۣ֮
׻ƵҲطĴڣȫѧ磡




1746  ͽ
ͬһ˵һڶ죬Хͬʱִ׻ׯ԰
ղͬطΪ֪Ҫһֱӭ͵һһͬȴȻһʱӭˡ
֮⣬ӭӵĻͼˡ
ʥʦʦӭ׻Ƶллǣ
طǺͼХ֮񡢻ӭ͸л
С磬㲻ظǿ
Ц˵˶ھǿ߾޷һý˻ᣬһ̽֡û׼ܹҵŵĻᡣ
ţʲôʲôعǡ
ХҲͷ͵ȻԺϼһһֺ̽дѧǿǶսúܡ
Хôһ˵ǺһҲЩĶطɱһ´̫𶯣Ƕطд裬طս
õġ
طЦŴӦδ˽ѧд裬Ǵ˹һȦ׻ׯ԰ڼµ˵
ط䳡ʱӥڽ̺䡣
ǣλʥʦŴʦʦǻѧ̩ɽδһʱ䣬ǽסйѧ֪ʶλʦ
ط΢ЦǽܣͬʱûзŹú˵Ļᡣ
˶һʦʵǿ󣬶Ҽʶ㡢ѧţڴڵӷ棬طоĵöˡ
ʥʦŴʦʦ
Ϊ׵ĺǣ׷˫ֱȭ
΢ЦŻӦǣûоܾط֮ǰ顣
෴ǿʮӣǿʱ缢Ĵ󺺿ʳ۷Ź⡣
˵ӣҸղԶԶؿ˺䡢ȭܹΪȺӵ츳Ǻεȵľˣ
ΪطǾ仰ǳϧΪ䡢ӥͼǰͰˮǡһͼХˣڽ󣬴ںѧ
ڴڼ䣬طһֱڱչأӥͼҲһֻɹʱʱɽׯơ
·ʦҲʥʦԼĻ˵ҪǾúҲУͰʦţͲˣ
ɽׯƵͬʱһ¡Ѳɽץˣ
ʱȫ鱨Աɽׯ̽鱨Щһ⣬ȫץס
ΪЩ鱨Աʵޣ߶ûУץǼֱֵ
ץ֮󣬱ʳЩ˵֮󣬱ϵ֯û֯Щ˴ߡ
Ȼ
ѲɽץЧûзһ鱨ԱǡһͼХ׻ׯ԰ϢǴ˳ȥ
Ϣڹȥʱȫ󶥼Ҳðսձ̵ڵӼᶨ֮ǰľȥ׻Ƶɱط磡
ʮ鱨ԱءΣյʧ򣬽Ϣܲ
ܲʹķ
ʹˣɳ鱨Ա㱨Ϣ鱨ϢܣԿ϶ǡɽһͼҼХλǿеİ׻Ƶңÿ춼һȺ䣬ȥҪڴ
һ鱨Աڵϣһηسʹ׺㱨
֮⣬ȥ׻Ƶ𣿡
׺ʵеˣָ벽ǿߡ
ûзˡ鱨Աҡͷ
֪ˣȥɡ
׺ӻ֣Ȼȵ鱨Ա˳֮󣬼򵥵ʰ˼·һƿҩ㱳Ű뿪˷䣬ֱǼ䷿ȥ
ʹɡ
Ժ󣬵׺ߵſڵʱﴫ
׺ûлӦֱŶ롣
һƬڣϥм䣬ŨĺɫէһȥһѪˣ˫۸ͨ죬Ŀʮֺˡ
ˡ
׺ͬʱЩɫѾ뿪ļˣ֪ͻԽԽˡ
⡭˾η
Ϊ벽ǿߣһǺεȵѣ
٣Ŭôãûпκϣ
׻ƵǱߵϢӦ֪ˡ
ޱؿŻ׺֪׺ԼĿġ
ţҸո˻㱨
׺ͷȻ֮ǰжϵһѧλǿ߰Ǳߣɱ֣սڵǰȥɱǸطϡ
ԣǰˣʵ
ǵģˡ׺ͷ
ûȻǸϻѧ粼ɱ֣ôＫпܻа벽ǿߣҺпֹܲһλ
񿪿ѵһǰûĵĻ˵ͶкܴΣա
׼
׺ǵͷͬ˵Ȼһǻѧλϰ벽ǿߣҿ԰Ȼߣ
Ѿ
𻪲׺Ļܵ׺еļᶨ
ǵģˣǸطĻϱҺƻ֮ĶԹҲ˽ˣ
׺˵ţɱ
ȻѾ˾ҳģҲ㣬һ顣
Ĭ˼ӣȻ
ʲô׺ʡ
ɹɱƻģ˳ֽѧһȫˣѪĿ⡣
д⡣
׺Цһɱ⳹ױ
ѪϴҶң֯׷ɱͬɥ֮ȮһӳģһֱĴԹޡ
˴λȥҪɱ䣬ɱѧ




1747 Ʋɣ
ʹ׺ǰŸ뿪ܲķ䡣
һΨһʸ䷿ˡ
ΪһǿˣΪŮŮ൱ܳ衣
װŮôˣ
֮ϵϢܵĺɫ˲ʧ¶ЦݣĿҲѪˣǴżָ׵ĴȰ
Ŀϡ
طһָ֣˺Ͻƣͨ߿ƼõƤȥʵûκ
ףҵѾָòˡ迪ڻص
ԣһսʧȥ֮⣬ˣչһ£δȫָ
Ǿͺá
ԣȻʵˣңô
ףҸղ˵ʹ뿪뿪֮ǰصѯйػطǸ쵰飬ҹҪȥɱطɣɿ˵⣬ʵ
ǵġ
ͷû裬֮⣬ҪɱƻģѪϴѧһѧţ
⡭Ҫǰս𣿡
ԣһ
ԼľҪΪӱ𣬻ɱǸطĻϣͬʱƻ˽ᵱĶԹ
ҡͷȻֲȻгɹĻսûκʧˣѧҲġ
ˣʲô
˵Щɻؿ衣
ףֹܲʹɱط磿ˡ
Ϊʲôʡ
ҵ֣ɱеһˣҪҪУϵһ书ҵū
ҧгݵ˵ţ޵ŤĿгŭͺ⡣
ΪŮǿˣǺڰһߣһδִ񣬱ʧܸգһˡ
һУطͣ
ⱻܴ裬Ҳطĺ̹ģ

ԣȻȻһ£װŮܹҪ飬飬û㡣
ףΪʹܾüͷ
ǵġ
ܸɴسһ㣬δе棬Ǻܿ͹۵˵Ӧʹ˲ͬĹвǿǺϵΪҪǣ뻪ѧԹ̫һ£ȻҪ֣ǾͲΪҵĻȥı
ǱǸ쵰ˣ
ٴĻ̲ס̾˿޵ϳź
Ϊ޷ط籨еźȻ׺ֵĻطɣ

·˹
Ϊ֯Сȣϯߵĺ߱
װȣܸңΪʲôҪŪǸ𣿡
ϯ߼ȣȿԽ֯壬طڴһ顣
үүǰ벽ǿߵа񰡣Ǹûʲô⡣Ӧ˵
װȣôûأطȻһжɱ˺ڰʹ̿˵ĴϣһɱǸĵʵڵһ
ϯüͷǸȻ˵Ӱ죬񵥵ĹƽȨԣǽ֯
үүΪڴһҲΪ벽֮˿Իɱ
ϯߵȲΪȻԴǵ˵ңҲ˵ˣΪʱǣעҪۣ֮ôϴһֻ顣
ȻŮ˱ϣϯû
ߣүү㲻Ҫˣ˵˵дֻҪҾǰųȫһˣҲûëĹĵ
أϯߴӵۡ
㲻˵ʱ𣿡ȵɴ۾
ûоԵ飬οΪ飬δؾͻһϯߵ
ðɡ֪λǿߵİ㲻벽֮޵УʱҲʲôΣաѧ츳ͻư벽ǱȻġңٶô죬û׼ܿͻˡ
дʵǸоǼ޳ȥĹŮԼǰάԼˡ
ȣˣҴúס
ϯߺ˵֮ǰ˵ڻ㲻벽֮޵УɱľǿָңսһӵĻǳǿеİпܽɱڵƣϿȥܰȫʵΣգ
ţ
ٴϯߵĻϯеǷ̬࣬Ѹ侲
үү˼ǣΪλǿеİ׻Ƶɳǿǰ׻ƵɱҲпܵ°벽ǿ֣߳
ܿ죬ȱͨеĹؼ
š
ϯߵͷ
ֿԺСɣ
һط˷棬սձ̵ӡŷڣǾԲôģѧսǳܲѧŭǱߣǰս
ৣ
˵һ룬ͻȻ뵽һˣɫһ䣺ʹ˵ʹǻˣǻ֯ͻѧͽ֣
㻹ǡ
ϯ߼Ӹ𰸣Ȼ̾˿ķûжϳһ㣬ӦԴʩĻСӱػڶʹ׺С
һΣû˵üͷһǰ飬ȡ֮뵣ǡ
ˣң𣿡
ϯ߼״֪ԼıŮĵˣû֮ǰǰ٩ǿʵ
ҪȥģͻȻ˵
㡭ȥĸʲôϯһ
ԭȥĴһߣ˽һǸϵĹȣȻȥһ׻Ƶʽʶһ¡
һɫҪȥ׻Ƶʹ׺ֻɱ
У
ϯֱӾܾǰδеսǽּ֯Ҳܹеڵԭ㲻Ϊһϲ˻˹ءɷ򣬶ԣ
ΪǻὫ֯ս½֯𣡡
֪ˡ
ԣͷһίػһ䣬ͬʱ̲סаԼ
˵




1748 Ѫϴƻ
ʱ֣Ϧбߵʡ
Ϧ£һԽҰʻɽһϡ
ҶںŤͷŴⲻϵɵľ
һǰȥ˾еְ뿪ǶС¥ȻɻִϽͷһ˽˹ϵĳλй˿ɽ
Ҫȥ׻ƵȡȺӣȹ
׳ǰ͵Ŀĵˣ˵š
Ȼʿڴİ
Ҷع񣬿ǰȻһϤӰվǰĹ·ϡ
ط磡
֣ҶЩɻ
Ϊûиط磬ԼҪϢ
ҶɻͬʱطҲ˾ԽҰԼʻ˹·
죬ڱչصʱ򣬽ӵһİĵ绰
绰һǵ绰ģڵ绰ط磬ҶҪɽطȥӭӡ
~
󣬰̥ĦԽҰڹ·һӡͣ
طܻ䣬ֱӭȥ
ţ
ʿӾԽҰ£ʶҪȥΪ򿪺䣬ΪҶȡΣ⿴ط磬Ťͷ˫۵ɵùԲ𾪡
ط״֪ԷϳԼδ⣬ǿ첽˹ȥ
ã
͵طߵԱߵʱʿξѣ˲ֱņ̀ͷͦأسط羴
ط룬ʿϳط磬֪طĸ¼
ȻʿҲ֪طĿǰΥ涨УĽҲӢۣ
þʥķʽ˶طľ⣡
ãлл㽫ʦ͵
طʿһͬʱʾл
ˣӦģ
ʿֱۣ˵ţȻܵ棬򿪺䣬ȡһκһɫս
սרõģƾɣеĵطϴ÷ˣкɫӡǣѪ͸棬޷ϴµġ
Ҷڼʹõġ
У֮Ϊ֮뿪ӪûдЩѫ£ֻ
ط罫Ҷӳﱧ£ϣȻʿ
СֵܣΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳Ҫ˵С顣ҶЩĵضʿ
Ȼ֪ûʵץط磬Ҳ벻ʦڵץط磬ǵطϢ©֮󣬻ط鷳
Ҳûϵط磬ط磬ԼҪԭ
׳ģ֪ô
ʿҶطʦͽ˾ȻϳһƯĵͷ뿪
ʦôҲ˵һҪ׳ңһڹ
ʿ뿪ط˵仰
ҵĻᱩ¶٣鷳ҶЦ
ʦҶԱ춼һ鷳ʲô
ط˵ţҶսǰȻǰ
Ҷ״ֱſطıϡ
طȻ˳Σ۵
һУҶǰ׻ׯ԰δٸ·ߡ
Ϊ˻Ҷġ
Դ뿪֮󣬲Ҫ˵Ҷ죬ҶĴָ
С磬ҿԽȺ𣿡
ҶȿڣЩԥ
Ȼ仰˺ܾá
Ȼ
طشúܸɴ࣬ҶȻһ书ȫޣΪһͻǿѧţĵúɱ鼫ḻ
Щ䡢ӥͼ˲߱ģȺӶһʱĲƸ
Կ̵òãҾͲ̡Ҷԥһ˵
ʦսԱ̣ܽȺӻ򵥵øСӹҼһףط˵
һΣҶĬ
Ȼ׻ƵȣԼ˵ʤΣǲȥȺӵġ
ʦ˵顣
ۿҶĬطԥһ£˵
š
ҶӦһ
׺Ϊ֯ƻļ̳²Ҷ˷ͻһŭ֮ѪϴҶңֻҶ磬𾪻ȫѧĲҰ
Ȼ֯νץɱ׺˳ȥ
ʱ򣬶ԻŵҶǷһ䣬ϱǿٱǿֻгһֻܹɱ׺Ϊ˱
򲻸ˡ
Ҷѹ·ʱ㱼ΪҲǻǸʱǿѧţ
Ȼ
ձ԰¹˹Ϊ׵ĺڰǿΧ²УһˣҲļƻΪӰ
Ҳʬһ˺ܾãΪط磬ѡš
ʦǰãɱ׺ĶӣֻǰǰһϢһ죬һ˰¹˹ͻ׺Ϊ㱨𣡡
طٴοڣ󣬵ᶨ
ǿĶ֮һҲǸֲĵ

ͬʱ
طеĻ׺һɫۣűɽߵı߾ߣ鱨֯ṩGPRS궨λͬһ㴩Ϧ£ٳ׻ׯ԰ȥ
ٶǱ˻ģѪϴƻ




1749 Ӿ
طҶص׻ׯ԰ʱϰ˵ˣɫѺˣµ˻ڵ˳Է
ΪҪҩԡָʶûǵȣ극ص˸Եķ䡣
Ҷʦ
¡䡢ӥͼصɽׯſڵȴҶ׷Ҷʺá
ȻҶһ书ȫޣǶԼͬسƺҶΪʦ
һݷĵء
ΪҶطʦΪǶ֪ҶǱ㣬ճɾ;Բ͡
Ǻá
ҶһȻҶС磬ҷɡ
õģʦ
ط˵ţеνԣȺߴ򿪺󣬽ҶϣȻǰı¡
Ѿ׼ˣʥʦŴʦͼʦڵҶʦ½ӹսط㱨
õģڹȥ
طͷȻΣӭ͵ȥ
ӭ͵һרдģרҵĳʦ
ׯ԰ĳʦ԰չ˵ȣ»Ƹģʴ൱ʮҪǴ꣬ҪǩЭ顣
ʥʦŴʦʦ
طҶӭ͵֮ҶǡһͼХ˴к
۱֣ҪҶƻͬʱҶһʱ
һ̣Ҷδ˫ֱȭ񣬶ͨʺ
һĻǡһͼХУ겻ѡ
ǺҶǺεȵľޡѹǿ̧ͷƻǸʱǿѧţڵطһΪȫһţ
ǼţҶǱӺԻǿ򣬶Ǹеǿߣ
Ҷ˴кʺãûбȭζţѾԼˡ
ͬʱطֻԼıõӸһ£ʹ֡
ʦʵ̫ˣ

ҹΪҶӷϴֻǳֹ
Ϊ˶Ҷ۳ͶҪúϢط׼ڶ¡ǽҶ
ڶϣͷһûĻΣڰ˵ӵʱ䳡ϣ´ӣ䡢Ժӥͬ
ǡһͼХ˲ڳ
Ȼʱһֱڴںѧϸ˵Ƕ׻Ƶˣ˳ĳϡ
طҶ䳡ǾһؿҶ
ǲ֪ҶݡֻǸǣ죬طҪǽһλرҪˡ
ʦ
طͣ½ŲΪ׵ĺǣ׷طʺã̬𾴡
ǣλҵʦҶҲǵʦү
ط绺ڣǽҶࡣ
ǣ£ߵʦү
طĻ䣬Ա㿪Ѻǡ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ
ʦү
طͼԵĻΪ׵ĺǣ׷׹ڵأ𾴵Ҷ
ǣɡ
һĻҶ˻֣Щʣ˸Ứ
ǣӽ󣬳Һʦ䡢ӥͼλʦ֮⣬ʦүҲϿΡ
ȺطٴοڵʦүȻж㣬û书ԽĵúͲɱ顣ҵʦүһֽ̳ģԣһҪѧ
ǣʦ
Ƿ׷üĿ֮ڴ
ڴҶϿΣδܹطһΪȫǿѧţ
һĻҶۣȻ¡
̼֤طĳɳʹ˵֮ҵһȥ塣
ǣɡ
ط翴ʦҶЩǿúȻҶס
ţ
Ժ󣬾͵طҶ߳䳡ʱ򣬺ȻӦһϢĿѭϢɨȥȻһŮ˳ɽׯ⡣
ŮһͷɫĶ̷پ£һɫƤ¡Ƥ㣬һ˫ɫսѥ
һ͹ԳŮħģǸ߹ŵʣòɷ
һκʱκεص㣬˵һۿþ޵Ůˡ
Ů˲Ǳˣǽ֯Сȣ
طȻδʵȼһͬμ˽͢ʥŮ磬ʶ
֯Ȱݷã
͵ط罫ĿͶɽׯſڵʱɽׯſͣ½Ųͬط磬һڣ˵
ʦпˣȥӭһ¡ط縩Ҷ˵
ȥɡҶͷ
䣬ҰʦƵס
طŤͷ䳡亰һ
ϣ
һʱӦȻطߡ
طֽν䣬ɽׯſڣȴǺ棺ʲô
ûд𰸡
طԣȻʶݡ
仰˵طݶİģûԼŶԡ
С㣬ӭ׻Ƶ
طɻɽׯſڣ΢Цųȿڡ
Ȼ֪ʲô߼ǿͣȵӡ󲻴ʶȵĵʾӭ
ܹҡ
΢ЦţЩ˷ܡ
ȻпطƬǵһοطʵģ
ǰԼڲ֪ݵˣտǳ
һ̣й⡣
ǰĹâ
ţ
Ŀе쳣طЩȻ
ѵ㲻ҽȥ𣿡
ȿطɻҲʶԼʧ̬û¶˿ľţֻЦʵ

طһƣȻȽɽׯ
һսɱĵ׻Ƶճȫ򡣡
ط粢ţѰһ⣬֪ܷΪҽһ׻Ƶ
Ȼԡ
ط΢΢һЦȻ߱߸Ƚ׻Ƶ
ܿģط罫ȴӭ͵Ϊһն衣
ò衣
Ƚӹ豭һڣ޲ڡ
С㣬㲻Զݷ׻Ƶʲô𣿡
طΪˮʵ
¡
ȷ²豭˵
뽲
һصǰʶѡ
΢Ц˵СĸȴǸо±طܾ
С㣬ҺܸܹΪѡ
ط΢΢һЦֱӸ˴𸴡
ܹ֯СΪѣԽܶ鱨⣬ط׻ƵԶǼΪ顣
ȻΪҪǣطӡ󲻴ڰϣǴ˴εŰݷãֳ㹻ĳ⡣
طĽԭ
ллҵҡ
ȵӿֳһĨЦſڣֿ˻
С㣬ڶʲôطʡ
үүƶϺǽ֯յ鱨ĶʹҲǻѧͻ֯ͽ׺Ҫ׻Ƶɱ㣡
Цݣ˵
ϯߵľ棬ðŽ֯ᱻսķգط͸©Ϣ
Ϊ˰顣




1750 ׺ɱ
ţ
ȵĻطͷһͫ׶Ȼ
ûпڣֻǶȣ˼仰ʵԣԼΪʲôҪԼ
طעӺͻɣûκν̹ͣȻϵطӡ
ȣҺܺ棬ΪʲôԶظϵϢӹطʳеɻ
Ϊѡ
ȵĻشܼҲֱӣͬϡ
ǵһμ档ط˵
ǵһμô
΢ЦŷʣȻ󲻵ط𸴣˵ٸԽ͢һȸɽׯĿһģҲǼٲ֤Ӳǿһô
طûпڣֻضȡ
Ϣ׽֮⣬粢֪顣
ǽ֯СҲӦ֪ĻŶԣ
С㣬ƺ֡
طûзԼʵҲûгϣɻȸԼ׺Ҫɱ׻ƵĶ
ţٸԽ͢ǾͳΪѡԸ͸©Ϣĵһԭ򡣡
ȳչԼϣ˵ͣһ£طûпڵ˼֮⣬Ϊүүһ仰
ʲôطʡ
үү˵ΪʱǣҲھزۣݳطţ˵˵ڶɡ
лл㣬С㡣һסģδͽ֯ҪҰĵطһ߾ȫ
ٴȵĻطֱӱʾ˸лһŵ
ϸеϣΪ͸©ϢǼٵģԼ׻ƵҲû̫𺦡
á
ԣʶҪܾطĻرжȻʲô΢ЦŴӦȻѵˣǽ֯鱨ƶϣ׺ҲܿͻϵԣҪ뿪
ã뿪֮󣬾֯תơط˵
ôż뿪
ЩԹؿطһۣȻ־Լƺ̫ˣֲģ˼㣬ղŵϢ֮⣬ǧĹϹȹһ䡣ղ˵ҪҡţҵҪܼ򵥣㽫˳ɹת֮󣬸ҵѵΣҳλġ
á
طһʱӦû뵽ȵĻرҪ˼򵥣ԵƬ̣ھȥ֯תԱ
á
ȵͷ
طûٷϻֱ뿪ӭ͵ȱҶס
طϵʱ򣬳Ҷס֮⣬ǡһͼХҲڣںҶʲô
һĻط˿ٰȥ֪ͨˡ
ֵܣ㲻ǸŮôˣˣǸŮ˭
طţа֮ȼգһ⡣
鱨֯֯Ĵȡ
طǿڻشһ⣬Ȼֱ⣬ԽʥʦŴʦʦʦȸңѧͽ׺Ҫ׻Ƶ
ৣ
ȻطĻǡһͼХ˵ɫʱһ䡣
Ϊڡɽɺͼƶߣ뻪׺һʱˣڻ׺İ෴Ǻ׺о
ǻ֪׺ǿ
Ǹʱ׺ǻѧһţѹǺƻڵͬţҲ֮еһͻư벽񾳵ˣ
ʱ׺ͻư벽֮󣬶ⷢջػ˽ᵱĶԹƻĽűͻ˰벽񾳣»׺ȡɱػĵļƻ
׺ǾţƻǺ
طǰֲѪϴ˺ڰţа׺Ķӡ
һ£ýֺͷ뵽׺׻ƵĿġɱط磡
ǡһͼХɫͬʱ˵ı仯еİ֮𱻽ʶԡ
ҶǳĬţȻס˫ȭſ̹ĵĺ⡣
Ȼ
ܿ죬ɿȭͷ
ζɱ˻׺Ϊȥ˱𣬵
С磬Ϣ׼ȷ𣿡
ݵĳĬʥʦȿʵ
׺ѧսҲ̫˰ɣһҲЩš
С磬ǽ֯Ĵ˹ϵܺ𣿡
ХǴһǶȣϢɡ
λʦԭҶϢҲЩɵģѡšΪѵĻͽ֯ûκ塣
طӦ˵ԼĿңΪвޡϢǼٵģʱתƣҲûʲôӰ졣
Ȼ˵ĻҪתơǻ׺ͻ˰벽񾳣ҲĶ֡
ХԣûɣǷɿ˵ԼĽ顣
ԣ²˳٣ھתưɣȵɽȥ
һڸͣɽҲɽ˵زԶȥɽϽ򣬻׺ǾԲȥҰģ
ллŴʦ
ط籧ȭһʾл
С磬Ҫˣȥ֯תưɣҪǰæľܿڡһڰ֡
õģŴʦ
طͷȻٿףֱӶָʾ䣬ȥ䳡ӥԸתƺӣҺ֪ͨԱ뿪
ã
֪̬أ磬֣Ȼط뿪˷䡣
ৣ
ৣ
Ȼ
˸һԺţɫͱˣ
ΪԶԶؿһɫӰɽׯſڣͬʱҲܸܵɢĿֲϢ
벽ǿߡ
طתƣ׺ɱ




1751 
ոմӶߵûã׺׻Ƶſڡ
£ϵϢͬһԵɱ񣬻ſµɱ
ৣ
ط˽ĿͶ򻪲׺˲䣬׺ӦˣŤͷĿ䳡ŲĿ絶һɨطˡ
ɲǼ䣬䣬ط磬һֱϵĸо
ǵġ
طѾͻ۷ǿ߾ӵпȾǿ߰սԻ׺˵Ŀ⣬Ȼеһļ£
ǡǸһǻ׺ôôˣô죿
оʶسطʵ
׻ƵҲãСҲգطΪĺһ⣬طþ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ
ط翪ڣƿͬʱ
ǡһͼХ˴Ժӳطߣһʱ佫ĿͶׯ԰ſڡ
Ȼ
Хһ۱㿴˻׺ҧгݵ˵
Ϊ뻪׺ͬʱߣΪҴ˵뻪׺֣ǲҰܡ
ҲǼХһܵҵһΣֱӱֱۡ
һֱԻ׺Ĵ⡣
Ȼô졣
Ҳˣüͷͬء
ȻΪѧǿǿĴڣҲϣͻư벽񾳵ľǿߣҲ֪Լ޷뻪׺⡣
С磬ǳģߣ
ǵĻ䣬һ侲˵ǰˣû̫ĹڣǱа벽ǿߣӦòǳ֡
ߣܣ죬һ߲ˣ
Ӧһǻ׺
Զڰ֮ƾ벽ǿ߿µһĻһȡ
ȳӰ
׺һΣӶطڵĵطХ
һ̣׺ٶȷӵ£ط硢ǡһͼХ˶޷ӰֻܿһڹԶ
ৣ
𻪲׺Ļ׺ǿֲٶȣطڣ˵ɫһ䣡
Ϊ׺Ļڱɱ䣬˶Ҫ
ҪǳģʥʦŴʦʦǳû뿪
طڻ׺ٶȿֲͬʱҲףǡһͼХ֣Ҳ޷ֵ׺㵱ϣԼն߻׺ȡĻᣡ
С磬ûõģٶ̫˲׷㣬޷ʱ䡣
ط˼ҡͷֱӷ
Ϊ׺֮ɵִ
һ£ط䵱նҲȻطɽׯȥᱻ׺׷ϣȴĽ
׺ղżȻѾºݻôɱط󣬷ɱˡ
жϵһĻ£׺ʮ֮ͣ˽ŲסΣɱ졣
Ŀشط缸ɨڿһ߾ʬ塣
ͬʱ
䳡ϣӥԺͺǶ˻׺ʶؽĿͶҶס
ӥʦʦʲôˣ
кɻʵ
ûд𰸡
ӥͼһã
ǲʶ׺Ҳ֪׺Ҫɱ顣
ͬãĻ£˻׺ͺȣҴܵ⣬ͬҶסſڡ
׺Ȼô죿طô죿
ӭ͵ſڣŻ׺ѾҶסſڣط˶ţüͷüĿ֮ŵǡ
Ϊط磬Ѿٶȸϵˣȴû뵽վˡ
ûа벽ǿߣƶط缫䲻˵һ֣֮
׺ʲô
ʱҶסſڣХȿڣֳİ
°ܽҸղѾ˵úˣ죬ҪＦȮ
׺Цһδڶ֣Ǹо·Լ棬ط˾գӵóġ
ɱȫ׺ˣ򼧼ҡɽɺսҲ֯ѧսѧ磬һ᲻ϧһлɱ㣡Х쿪ھ棬֮гޱߵŭ⡣
°ܽвô
׺ΪȻϷʵЦµĻһôУѧû˵һë

ХûһȴԶԡ
꣬׺ѪϴҶ֮⵽֯ѧͨƻ˳ȥȻɹͨ
׺ԩԩ౨ʱˣȰÿһ˶á
ǿŻ׺˫ֺʮͼȰ׺
ͺ¿ұ죡׺ֱŭӦ
׺Ӧ֪ɽɾڸʦܿͻ߻üˣҲ߲ˡ
һһڣƣͼɽɵϽ˻׺
һ㵱Ŵ𣿡
׺Цһ㣬޼ɵشЦţҲ˵˵ǷʵʦǸϲˣΪһһȪ·ǣ
һüͷûлӦ֪׺ǶʵžԵġ
ǡһХ죬ԭʵʵڸԵɣδػᵽǵĵȥɱǣڣΪ˱ǸϣԼ͵ҵУɱǣ˷ǵһ⣿
ۿһ׺ԵøӲĿطϣɱŨ˼£Ҫ־͹ϰɣǣǸᣡ
ϹԩͷծɱģҪɱҪг뿪
ط俪ڣͬʱǰһ
һȴܼᶨ
޾廪׺޾ԸԼסˣ




1752 һо
ϣ㵹ǹƾļҲˣ죬ͳͳҪ
׺Цͬ鸩һ㿴ط磬ǸоطԾͬϵ⣬ʱ׸
׺
ʱҶԼγԺſڣ˫ȭգŭĿŻ׺
١û뵽Ҳڡ꣬Ҷײҵǹϣӹһ٣ûôõˡգȥԲ
׺޼ɵЦţֱҶ̡
Ϲֵûؽ嵥
طһһ˵ţеɱŭﵽ˼£ͬʱд߶غڲĻҩս֮쭵۷塣
Ȼ
ŭ˼£սҲﵽ۷壬δ֡
Ϊ֪Լ뻪׺ʵ̫ڼʯͷ
밴ǰļƻԼն߾ȫ׺ʱ䡣
ϣʱˣ㻹вң㣡
طĻɹŭ˻׺һҪ֡
Ϲɱңûôף
طη壬ǿƻȻһΣ߶ھٶȷӵ£һԡ
ϣóߣǲܣ
׺״Цһֱط磬ٶԿط硣
׺浱Լ޵𣿡
Ȼ
Ȼ׺׷ط磬һȻ
ͬһ㣬׻ƵϿը죡
ৣ
ͻȻðطͻ׺ڣɫһ䡣
䣬Ӱ֡
ƻĻһ⣬ɽׯ󷽵Х֮䣬طԣס˻׺
ơƴʦ
طͣ½ŲԵƻģһϲͬʱãƻļпܲͻȻϵרŵŻ׺֡
ƻģ
ͬʱǡһХ˿ƻ󣬶˿
ڸղţѾƴһս׼Ǳ۵ġ
Ϊ޷⻪׺˶Ҫ
ƻĵĵ׸ı棡
ΪڡɽɺͼҵƶߣǺƻͬһʱڵߣ˴֮ǳϤһᶨڲϵ֪ƻʵǺεȵĿֲƻĿԳ׺
Ҷ䡢ӥºȵˣƻĳ֮󣬽Ҳ˲١
Ȼǲ䡢ӥͼƻĵʵָƣƻǻ֯ƶߣǻѧһȱΪȫѧһˣ
һУǼţ׺ƻĵĶ֣
ƻĳֵ˲䣬׺ͣ˽Ų
£ް֮ǰ޿֣üͷһضƻģƻģˣ
ǣһֱڵ㡣ԤøһЩ
ƻĲδһ㡣
£ƻŤͷط͵С磬ɱһϢ֮ҾԤеҲа벽ǿɱ㣬Ҷǻ׺ͽǡһͼХ˵ĵҾֿԸԣҰΪ˷ֹϢ©յûиκˣ㲻Ҫҡ
ллƴʦ
طһʱ䱧ȭ񣬱ʾл
ƻΪԼİȫԶǧϵ׻Ƶһֱ֮С
Ǵô֣
ǻѧӢۺδʧôӦõġο׺ͽ그Уʱˣ
ƻҡͷ˵ɱէ֡
ղţ֮ûеһʱΪڰв̽Ƿֻл׺һˣͬʱҲǶطһĥ
þ֣ĥط磡
طͬԤϵһ侲˽ѡ
ڷա
һУƿ֮У
ţ׺ɱط磬Ĵڣû׺˳ֵʱͶ
һ£ֻҪ׺ƱػֹͣһоٶעתƵϡ
ʵ֤һж϶ȷġ
ƻģСˣ֪꣬ëʲôԺëελô㡣Ǹϵնҳ֡
׺˵ţս⡢ɱⲻôȥˣ㻹ôɡգ
׺ѧ츳ʵǿʦ˼Ϊ㵣Σֵ²λǶԻ֯ͻѧ綼ѣԲŽλýҡʵ֤ʦ˼ҵжûд
ƻ˵Ǽ£Ȼڽ֮£㵱ѪϴҶңУұҪ㣬֯ѧһ
ң
׺ԣЦһ㣬ЦЦ֮г˼벻мƻģҲ̫Լˣҿȷ㣬εļƻǸϣȻȥ˽ᵱĶԹѪϴѧһţ
㡭
ƻŭһ֮󣬵һζŭ
ʡٺķѾʱȥ㣡
׺ƻĵŭ⣬Цţգɱ㣬ȻѪϴ

£׺£˻һڹ⣬ֱӳƻɱǿƵ˼㡣




1753 벽ǿ֮ս
ৣ
ۿ׺ƻĲٷϻֱӭϡ

˲Ϣ֮䣬˱׺˳ֱۣΪһֵƻĵͷ¡
һն׺ŵѪɫϵϢ䵽˼£һͷԾĵĹ˲
Ѫɷߵ
һ֣׺㶯Լ޶ʮд书
Ѫɷߵڼ䣬׺ϵɷ֮壬ѪɷɷѪ֮С
˿̣һ֣ɷھ֮УХһͷֻǰ˼
ţ
һ̣Ҫ˵ƻģ֮ط磬󣬾ɲǵĻ㱣ֻڰˡ
ţ
ǻ׺Ѫɷߵ书ص㣬Ҳǿֲ֮

׺ֱֵӽгһ޴Ŀӣһĵ磬ǵһ𣬳ƻϯ
Ի׺ɭֲһƻĲ㲻ֱһȭ
ɲǼ䣬ƻĵҲ˼£ͬһȼյգɢաȵϢ
һһ
ƻ뻪׺ϢȻ෴ˣ
ƻһȭȭХֱϯĵײһ𣬾˱ըһɷ籩ϵʯӡ׷ױͬӵɨһ㣬ɨķƾˡ
䡪
ţƻĵȭ뻪׺ֵݺײһ𣬿µںھȻбŷײһײڵըһ㣬γ˿µĳܵĿŤˣ
ǰ벽ǿߵĽ𣿡
ͻĳطеһ㤡
Ȼֹһμƻĳ֣ƻĶǶԾǿֻ֣߳һ˿ȫ֡
ǼٲʦҶսսֵ˹˫ȻҲǰ벽ǿߣطԶӵʱδͻ۷ǿ߾ܲǹɿֲ
֮⣬طãƻģǻ׺ʵҶ˹֮ϡ
ƻ뻪׺ӲӲ󣬻һ΢΢ҡһ£˫Ȼضڵϣͬһ
ž
ž
ž
׺Ǳÿһƴֱӽȵѿ
һ˫ӲӲҲ˫ʵ̽
ƻһδˣռϷ磡
֤ʵƻڻ׺֮ϵģ
һĻԶս˳׷Ӽƻܹɱ׺
طء
ԭҲƻĳģ׺ֵʵԶԶԤ׺ԺƻĿ⣡
ΪҪǣ֪Ѫɷߵ
ںڰĻϣطѨƾһ֮ɨڰţа׺Ķӡ䡣
һʼطб䶪е׵ɡ
棬䶯Ѫɷߵط˲С鷳
ѪɷߵϰߣڶԵʱߵһһǿֱһеھɷƱնɱˡ
׺Ϊ书дߣ书ĸȫɱȵġ
ղţ׺ֻǳ˵һɿƻģǳڶߵأ
ƻģ˶˵ϣ˺ܶˣǿѨ硣
һ󣬻׺ûҲûк˳Χ֮⣬վھƻļĵط٩٩̸ֻʵĻôⳡսܿͻ
ȻڸղŵӲ·磬΢
طĵһ׺ֻնѪɷߵĵһÿһӿֲΪˣԵ޿֡
ʵҲѪϴѧ磬˭
ƻͬûмڳ֣ͺһ˵ƾȻٴ
ţ
֣ط΢΢һͫ˲Ŵ󣬶˲еԵɡƻĶѪط
ͬȭ̩ȭطһҲɳ֮Ϊھķ
ղûھķ
·Ϊӡ֤طжƵģ׺ٴοˣѲղǰ޿֣Щ
Ԥеǿһ㣬ţ˶ѣ
ƻĻڣ赭дӸ𸴡
ͬطһƻҲһ޵֮ġ
Ƿ޵еһʼ뻪׺սδȫ
ղţ뻪׺ֹ󣬲׺ʹõ书򵥣ѡȫ

ƻ赭дĻʱû׺ŭˣŭһ
ž
ŭӰ
׺һֱӳƻǰնڶֵ
һն׺ڵѪ·ڣϢŨңٶȸ죬ڵδֵ֣ƻĵǰ
֮飬ҲŹ⻪
ƻĵͺһɲ㲻ӭźХֱֵһȭ
䡪
֮ͬǰһһ죬ըѣ׺ٴαƻһȭˡ
ȻĵڶֵȵһǿƻĶھķ֮սԶ֮ǰ
֮ǰͬǣƻһȭ˻׺֮󣬲ͣͬһһڣѸ͵򻪲׺

ƻĶԼдġ׻ȭеٶȷӵ¡
Ҫȴ׽׺ѹƣֱ׺򱬣


1754 Ծ
߶ԣɱͬսʿսɱУʵȻҪҲǼΪҪġ
ҲΪʲôܶߣϲɱʱȳ֡
ѹȡ
˿̣ƻһȭ˻׺Ļᣬٶȳ֣ȫ׺ĻᣬҪϳѹƻ׺
׺Դƻĵóѣ

׺ѸסѪһȣ˲˫Ŷڵϣƣ˫ֻʮһ׵ӭƻĺХȭٴնһ
Ѫɷߵ
һ׺˫ֻں˽͢ѧʥʮնľ裬¶ֲ˷·𶼻һ׵
˵һ
׺ֱӽ˵˵һ״̬
ң׺һն˵⣬Ѫɫھɷ֮ϣĵ棬޼᲻ݡ
ͬʱƻڴ߶ھķ֮תԸӾƵŨȭǱɢſµ
䡪
ҵٴδƻĺͻ׺ٴײһ
һΣƱ֮ǰӿֲ˽µĵ涼ѿˣײγɵĳֱӽ·ԵҶϯһգֻʣ˹ͺͺ֦һЩ֦ˣ֪һǺεȵĿֲ
ţƻĺͻ׺Ӱٴηֿ
һΣƻĺͻ׺һҲõˣ˵ĲԶȻ׺١
ΪƻûǿסΣú˵ʱѸٵסѪھΪһγ׼
׺Ҳһ
ΪѪھȵǰ£ֵۿۣһ£һ
ں˵ͬʱƻ΢΢üͷüĿ֮ھȡ
ͨӲӲȷԼʵѹ׺һͷ׺ĵаţ̺ɷ֮ž񣬶Բɷ֮壬˺ʮִ
˵ƻֻǾȵĻô׺ˣ
ƻͬͬһʱǸʱϵǿţҲǸʱͻư벽񾳵ģ
һȣȡ
Ȼ˶ڴƻĺ׺Ϊƻĵʵȼ硣
ϳ񡢻֯εȼ֮⣬ûмĶ֡
ǿʵаĹŵĸԴҲҶɱģӦҪնƻģѪϴѧĵڣ
֮ǰţ²Ѫɷߵɻɱƻģ

ֹ󣬻׺֣ʵƻ֮ϡ
ڶöžѧѪɷߵƻӲƴ·硣
ԣڵͷһ֣ţ
ţ
ৣ
ƻĺܿסѪھֹסΣȻ͵һٴ˻׺
ͬʱ׺Ҳξѣͬһٴӭ
˻ãԷ
䣬ⳡԣᴦڲΪҪǣ˫̬Ӱܴ
꣬׺Ϊ֯νλôƻģѳ֯ͻѧ磬ȫѧҶѪ
ƻΪ֯ƶߡѧȻҪǿƻɱ׺ȥҶˣѧһ
һս˶Բ֮ս֮ս
Ȼ
һΣ׺ûӲƻĵȭѡ𹥣ʵ㣬ƻһȭյĻᣬȻ
һʱ䣬ɽׯĵ·ϣ첻ϣŰƺƵ
ƻ뻪׺Ӱйת졣
Уƻ׺أʱ
ڼ䣬׺ܵĻᣬնѪɷߵĵĵ͵嵶һһֲĵ嵶ֱƻڵ˹Уض
ƻģΪֹˣ
׺ͬҲõˣһΣʮסΣһȻתΪƻġ
ƻĽֹ󣬵һӲ֮ȹ
˲Ϣ֮䣬׺˵ƻǰ˫ͬѵˮһ㣬ӶȻڿնұۻӳ絶ƻĵͷ­
Ѫɷߵ
һ׺õǵ֮еġ̡־һµɱ֣˷һ̡
ŨѪɫŻ׺ƣһѪɫսС
أ
ɢϢХǳǧڰļ¡
Ի׺ֲѸ͵һƻûбãסκһǰ
ž
ƻһҽŶڵϣըڿն𣬶һɽȻ򻪲׺
׻ȭռɱ
̩ɽѹ
һ̣ƻĲֱӶԴ书ǿɱС
еչھ˲ӿҽţһŶ򻪲׺Դ

ƻһţ׺ֻܵĪ裬˲ı乥ֵʮȽǣƻȻµĴţ
䡪
һ죬ƻһŲ˻׺ֵ֮ϣ˫ھײ
ƻĵҽȻջأֻýŵװ崫һʹǱ׺һ̴ֵһ㡣
׺Ҳܣָֻ·һ㣬˫Ҳֱû˵档

ʱƻĲأڿͬƵģһһٰʮתͬһǱӣȻ򻪲׺Դ
һţƻ书׻ȭռɱС̩ɽѹݱ䣬ѸͶͻȻȫ׺Ļᣡ
Σգ
׺ͷһ𣬸ܵŨҵϢͬʱһھӿۡ
ۣ֮ƣһǽ
䣡
ꡪ
ٴδһΣ滹Źͷѵ
׺Ȼƾǿսܣʱסƻĵһȴƻһۡ
飡
׺Ǳɵİһ㣬˺ɶײһڴֵϣֱӽײϣǿסΡ
£ȾѪҲѪ˿
սƻĻˣ




1755 ֲһ
׺Ҫô
ۿ׺ɶײһֱȾѪѪԶսǡһХ죬׺ˣȷǷԻ׺սӰ졣
ƴʦʤ
ƴʦɱͽ
ͬʱ䡢ԡӥ¡Ҳ˻׺ȾѪģΪ׺ˡ
УͼԸ˷ܵشڴƻĽǿƴ򱬻׺
ô
ط粢δϲضǰս
ȻҲ׺˵ģΪýϽܹظܵ׺Ϣδбǿļ
ʶ׺δʧȥսҽ϶ҪѪɷߵһҲֲһ
֮⣬ط֣ƻȻȥûиˣЩӲСҽŽһֱڲǻ׺ղһ¡
ʵȷͬطжϵһ׺ǱȻˣƲأսӰ첻
ƻ߿ûˣʵ򱻻׺ղһ̺ɷ֮ƣ˿תھƳǹɷ֮
ҲΪԭƻû̷һ׺򱬣
ƻģò˵ʵԶеǿ󣬲סˣһеΪֹˣ
ܿģ׺ڵѪ·ȼƵģ˵ƶȻһأƵѪɫŨһƬ죬ǴѪƵģȥĿֲ
ͷӲ
ƻӦȡҽֹͣ˲ǹڵɷ֮Ƴ⡣
ߵն·
׺ͺһһѪɫĹâٴƻġ
ৣ
ҪռɱеĻ׺ƻû֮ͬǰһ޵еӭϡ
һ̣ƻϵҲ֮ǰŨˣЩݻһ
ƻģͬһ

һ̣ƻĶԼһչдɱС
һɱУ׻ȭĻϣں˻֯εġȭͻѧպġȭھķ߶ס
Ρ⣬չ
ƻĽ˵Ϲ֮סĸ߹ǿչֵ쾡£޵еս⡣
ƻĶȻƺ޵ս⣬δӰ쵽׺
ΪԼһնţ

׺һŭ𣬻Ϣø䣬ȭ֮ط˲佫Լڵתɷ֮Ũ˼¡
ǹɿֲɷ֮ų֮УȻųɵھӿơ
ѪɷߵһƴɱУ˵Ҫһնеɷ֮׺һɡ
Ϊƻ֮⣬ط硢ǡһͼХ졣
Ҫʣµһھɷ֮ɱطˣѪϴɽׯ
ɲǼ䣬ڻ׺ܵȻ޴棬ȫǰһѪɫĵâ塣
絶
һն£
⣡
һֲ˼£ڲԶط磬еһļ¡
˿ֲһƻĴ޵еֱһȭ
һ̣ƻڽһ
ͬʱڵѪھ׷ڣһɫȭâȭ֮γɣͬ
䡪
촫ȭâ뵶âײڵײһͬʱըɨķշ·Ťˣ֮ڵһ嶼ʵ÷顣
ƻĵȭͻ׺ֵδײһ𣬱㱻ɿµƷ˳ȥ
ƻϵ·˴룬׳ɫӡǣȭһƬͨ죬ұ۽Ӳʹ𶯣Ѫ˿
һ˾࣬ƽᣬսӰ첻
֮£׺ңֱֻѿѪȾ죬ͬʱڿһѪҪ˺һ㡣
ͬҲˣұƻء
ֳʤ𣿡
Զ˿ƻĺͻ׺ͬʱӷ籩зɳ̲סаԼ
ǡһͼХڣ޷ƻ뻪׺ֵḶֻ́ܿٴײһγ˿µķ籩
ǰ벽ǿǿһô
Ͻط磬ƻĺͻ׺һνˡ
ھϽҰѣԼƻĺͻ׺ݻȭââ
ȭâ͵âʵֲ̫Ҫ˵Ѫ֮Ǹ֮Ҳס
仰˵ղط֮κһ˽֣Իᱻ򱬣˲䱻ǹʳɷ飡
ӣ
ǵ˺һսսطƻĺͻ׺һĿֲ֮ʱ׺һͷ
սӣ
Ϊղһʤѷ֡
Ѫɷߵߵնǻ׺ĵƣδնɱƻģͲܻɱƻˡ
οһˣսսȥɡ
ţ
͵׺֮󣬷Լصķطܽһɱէ֣ͬʱסҵѪھ
ž
ܿ죬׺˵ϣһһ⣬ط硣
ͽң
ͬһʱ䣬ƻҲˣ˻׺ľٶʶʲôд󼱣ŭһӶ
Ȼ
ƻıƷɵķ뻪׺෴طԶѾ߾ȫҲ޷ڻ׺֮ǰϵطǰˡ
ϣ
Ӧƻĵһͺ
ŭֵն
׺ֱۣȾѪһȾѪ׵ط磬ͷ£




1756 Ӳհ벽ǿߣ
ԭռƻ׺Ҫ׻Ƶɱط硢һǺͼХ죬ѪϴɽׯȻȥɱƻġ
ƻڴ˵ãʵȫ˻׺ԤУû׺ļƻȫղ˵һصˡ
һУòطѪϴѧļƻѡ
Ȼ
˲䣬ط磬̸ı⣬ͬʱɱط硣
Ҫķʽйеŭ
֮⣬ɱط磬˴λ֮ҲͬʱᱻȫѧЦ
һ׺ŭ֣ϡѸͶƻĶȡ
⣡
ԶǡһͼХˣ׺ط磬ͷһϳž
Ϊû뵽ᷢչһ׺·£ͻȻط֡
ΪǶ벽ǿߵĿֲ׺ǰ벽ǿеٮٮߣط޷ֵ׺һ
׺ط𣿡
䡢ӥԡºȣ޷׺ľٶƻĺͻ׺Ļʶʲô
ǵֱɤϣӳ׽ԭأϳŵǡ
ͬʱƻĿ׺ֱۣзŭ˼£ͬʱлںޡ
꣬׺ѪϴҶңҶ֧磬Ҷٳɳ¹˹ϺڰǿΧУ䡣
ƻеʹҲеźΪԼûбҶûѧʧȥһš
ˣڶԴطʱ򣬸չˣǵǰްطкˣ˵طĥʯǴ˴ǰڴˣǶط簵еı
˿̣طҪƤӵ£׺ɱ
ŭҲΪԼĴ⣬ûмʱط絽Զսеڣ
ͬʱԼһʼûóǿսǿɱУֱӽ׺ɱ
Ȼ
ŭҲãںҲգ˿̵ƻ޷ֹһˡ
עУ׺̵ЦţֵѾն
ط˫۱ĵ̵þʹرϣǱɵһ㣬վԭأһ
û׺ϵЦݸŨˣҲӲ̣Ǹо·Ѿط类Լһĳ
Ȼ
ڻ׺ֵնط˲䣬طƾ賬ǿսܣŲһԴ
һ¡
̣ܶʮ֡
̶̵ʮ֣Դܿ׺ֵ
ͬʱط߶ھھֳɣһӿ磬һھУһھǽڷ
̣
һھǼӿطұָۣ֣⡣

ھӿطֶȻӳָۣʳֱָͬһС򻪲׺࣡
ָ
ط֮ǰд߶غѪطڲҩսǰ£ܿҪλһĶã̷ָ
һ㣬
ʱ̣طû˿ľţһһĥܵľǿսܷӵ˼£ҲԼ侲Ѫչֵ쾡£
벽ǿΣ
޾һս
ţ
׺һʱطŲԴֵѾն䣬޷ı乥ˡ
˵طԳʱİվ׼˼£û׺޷иΪ׼ȷ
֮⣬׺ҲӦطĹδܡ
ΪһĻҪУնֵͬҵļѾ޷ջˣ
ȻطķӦ׺ȣҲֻǾȰˣϵЦ˿
ΪΪط۵ֻնطļͷҲططĹܹķ
飡
ꡪ
ͬʱ
׺ֵݺݵնطϣھ˲ŷ
طۼ֮ϵھ˲ըļιǶѣھһһϣֵ׺ֵбŷھ
ͬʱطʳָ˻׺ࡣ
ۡ
ɲǼ䣬Ѫɡ
طըͬʱҲɹ˻׺ֵΣ͡
ͬʱʳָ罣ֱӽ׺ؿڴһѪɫĿ̵ѪͬʸƵģ
ط뻪׺Ӽͬʱˡ
£طѪ˿
Ȼ׺ˣھֻʣһɣսܵӰ죬һֵȻֲط綯á̡Ҳ޷ȫֵιǶѲ˵Ҳ̶ͬȵˡ
ۡ
һߣ׺ں˵ͬʱֱſ³һѪ
ΪûнطĹϣΪھʣ޼׺ڸղؿڲõķޣطһָ
ǻ׺ӦѸͣʱס࣬඼Ҫһָ飡
Ȼ
ˣ౻ˣͬʱҲǣ֮ǰµˣڵһѪ
⡭ôܣ
Ѫͬʱ׺Բ۾һ˼صط硣
ȫ޷ţط粻Եסֵһһãڷصͬʱ˵
Ҫ֪ǰ벽ǿ߰
ҡеٮٮߣ
ˣսҲǾǿ߿ɱȣ
Ͼ벽ǿߣѧ͸ҿԽھתΪ
ھ
һ̣׺ЩҡԼ־Լһ书ȥ
ô
ԶǡһХǿߣɵˡ
Ƕط뻪׺ֵḶ́Ҳû뵽ط羹Ȼڻ׺һ֮»һ˻׺

䡢ӥԣºĿɿڴûп˫ֵḶ́˺˵ĳʶʲô
ô
ƻһ٣ϵĻں޵Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮Ǿϲĵûзطǵûٴε˴˵
ô
ƴʦϹҡ
һ̡
ƻĳ֣طͻȻڣͬһɽׯϿը죬ҪְһΪʦ𣡡




1757 طս׺
طΪۣס׺ɱһȻҪԴ򱬻׺ΪʦҶ
쳹ɽׯþòɢһ
Ӣ۳꣬ǰ˰
ХղŵľһĻطŶǿƵĻ̲ס̾
ǰ
Ǻһ׷׵ͷüĿ֮û˵ǣеֻǾ̾
ΪǣԸղŵΣҲ޷طøá
Ͼǿǰ벽ǿߵľɱ
ҡ׺ǰ벽ǿеٮٮߣ
֮ǰƻĽָˣղһҲԿֲǿߣҪ˵׺ˣܹסԴһˡ
ֵţƣ
ԣ伤۸ߺ
䳡ӥͼҲǼױȡ
Ȼûпղŵ׷ʲôʶ׺ղŶط֣ط絲סˣ˿̣طƻҪԳֻɱ׺ΪҶ
һУǵױȣһطҪĸо
û
죡
ΪǶ֪طֻ۷ǿ߾
۷ǿߣԽ磬ɱ벽ǿߡ
˵ȥ˭ôţ
Ҷϣ˫۷졣
ղţʶ׺Ҫطֵʱ絶ҡ޷ɱ׺Ϊ˱˵ԼⱲĽĵӻҪڻ׺У
תۼ䣬ط粻˻׺ҪΪɱ׺
ֽȻķĳֱ޷ݣ
һ̣ȫж⡣
û£û¡
ͬʱ¶˵ϣˮѴʪӣﲻظû֣ǸоԼڹŹһ˻Ҫֻš
ǵġ
ڸղţʶ׺طֵһֻ̣綼Զȥˡ
һ̣Լȥطǰطܻ׺һ
Ϊطˣԣʧȥɫʣûκ壡
εס׺һģ
еĽȥȡ֮ɻ
ûд𰸡
Ȼ֪ط˸ղһУţղŵǴһȫѧ磡
طǿƴ򱬻׺
Ϊ֯Сȣ޷ǻĺ䶯

սϡ
ãС磬Ǿ
ƻĴӾϲлعûг֣ͬطս
ΪطȻܹڻ׺ղһ֮»ô׺ɱط磬ˡԻ׺ԣûбȸղŸõĳʱˣ
οƻĿó׺طһָؿڣſѪ˼Ӿ磬սһ
ΪҪǣ˿̣ƻѾӽط뻪׺طԺĻΣգҲţڹؼʱ̾ط硣
һطսطԣǼѵõĥ
˵ĻᣬԺ󶼲ˣ
ллƴʦ
ƻͬ⣬طһʱлȻɿͳҩһţ˿ϡ
һߣ׺ҲӼȵлع
ȻһǧһɲţطԵסľɱһޱȻĵȷȷطˣط绹Ҫսɱ
û׺𾪹һֻƽȮ۵ĸоŭɶ
Ȼ
ŭ֮࣬ǸƼ˺ܶ࣬޷ˡ
ͷ֮󣬻׺ŤطޱԹ
һ̣ȻˣղҪɱط磬طˣ˽Ϊط约ɥڴˣ
طĺⳬԽƻģʶϧһд۽طɱطԼᣡ
С磬ͽȻˣ϶ҪƴҪСġ
ƻĲ˻׺Ϣ仯Ҳܵ˻׺ĿеȻط硣
İɣƴʦܿͻһȮ
طͷӦֵüΪǿơ
ҲһսӶ֡
طû˿Ĵ⣬תھ߶ڻҩͷµҩٶȻָƣͬʱӻȡ洫ȭףϡ
ϣ
ʱ׺һŭѪ׷ڣھתͬһɫĹâХط硣
ƻ˵һ׺Ϊ֪޷ߣҪɥڴˣ׷ˣֱѡƴ
Ȼ
Ϊ׺һʼƻĻˣղֲ㱻ط࣬˺أ²һƴٶҲ֮ǰˡ
طؿ׺Ӱܹ廪׺Ťӣ
ৣ
Ի׺ƴطûԴУֱӭϡ

׺ٴαһ󡭡˵ٶͻȻ·ƾһ㣬ֱӳطǰ
ͻȻ٣
ò˵׺յ˼£֪ҪɥΪط˵һзŭ˼£ûбŭͷԡ
෴Ϊ˻ɱط磬ֳһƴļƣʵ򰵵
ֱ֣طʱ򣬲ԼƣһУƴ۵ط߶ھԼ˲٣ӶطĻᣬﵽһɱĿģطȥԼᣡ
ţ
ƻĲ˻׺ٶȱ仯ͫ׶ȻŴʶҪûж
ΪԴʶططûʧ
ѡط磡

ƻķԮ˲䣬׺䣬ȾѪһѪɫսУ϶£ط硣
أ
ɲǼ䣬Х
Ѫɫĵâ֣˻׺ֵָ⣬Ļꡣ
µĵ⣬׽ط·ڸط磬طӵĺǣҲᱻһնɱ
ʱ䣬·һ̶




1758 ִһ
աթݶ
ǻ׺һеݡ
ط֮ͬǰһûκ˼׼Ի׺ͻȻ٣ֲһ޷
ͬطҪǿƵ뻪׺ӲƴĻҲסһ
ǻ׺ıһҲǲϧһд۷ٳһҪطᣡ
Ȼ
սǰıطÿһսϰߡ
սҪԴ򱬻׺һ̿ʼѴ⣬һҪܿ׺ķâ
Ȼû뵽׺ʹթڳ;٣жϳ˻׺һƴֲ
֮⣬ţ׺˵ǰ£ƴƱػǣƣƼӾ硣
ʱɱ׺ʱ
Ϊıط翴ӭʵֻ𹥣ٶȡ
Ϊˣ׺ٵ˲䣬طһͬзһƣһӰ
䡪
䣬׺һط磬â˸ֱնһֲľ硣
Ǿ˲佫طµĲӰʵ÷顯

׺ֵն֮󣬱ʶԼطϷˣˣбŭҪյٴط磬ֻ;˺һ㣬ʹޱȡ
ͬʱĺгζٴѪ˿
Ϲˣ
ʱһͺ
ͺӰ֡
ط֮һ嵽׺һ࣬ұһ˴ǹһȭգǹͷ򻪲׺Դ
ɲǼ䣬طھͬڵĽһ㣬ӿұۣȭһһھУת
ǹʽ
죡
һطûٶ׵ġָǶԼд书еǿɱС
ΪһսΪʦҶս˵ǴҶսԼд书ɱ׺壡

Ȼ׺ղһǣƣٴѪս˿һʱӦطĹһŭٴλΪһط硣
Ȼ
һھת⣬ھղŵ֮һ
һУֻΪղŲһдֲһԭľֱӱ˺ѣھתٶ½
ͺñȣԭһĹ·ͬʱͨΪ·󲿷ֶϿֻͨһһ
һʼ׺͵ϮطһھԶڣط÷Сֵ̡
˿̣׺һط繥ɱС졯ӲƴֵΣ
䡪
ɲǼ䣬طȭݺݵ˻׺ֵϣȭ֮ϵھͬʱըھһ̵ͬĺˮһӿͨȭ״ݡ
׺ֵ΢ĵâһţͬһ棬˲䱻ˮû
꣡
ͷѵ֮𣬻׺Ӧϡ
ȻطȭƲǰ
飡
꣡
طȭϻ׺֮ص˻׺ļͷµھŷݿع˻׺Ѿķ
׺Ҽι˲飬ԭɭ׵ĹͷƬȾ죬Ѫһͬɽľķ
ۡ
׺һ𣬶ǱһƶĴɽײһ㣬ֱӵɶѪ硣
̵һطܿҪֵͷڶط֮󣬻׺նĵطһȭУұҼ磬ɶ
һĻ˰ƻڵˣ
Ϊطս޲ʤ񻰣طĻŲɣطԴشĻ׺û뵽ط͵˳̶ȣһ֣㳹ش׺ս
ƻĵ˶û뵽ο׺ˣ
еŤȾѪ˫۵ɵùԲĿⲻٿеֻǲţ
Ҳ벻ԼᱻطһһĴڻܣ
Ȼ
ľʹΪѳ޷תһڸһҪѪϴѧ磬ط翪طУҽҪطУ
ͨ
ڻ׺ò޷Ѫܵʵʱֹͣɣص˵ϣҵѿ
£һ鴤ٴѪ
ৣ
ʱطһֱ˻׺ǰӸµؿŻ׺
ҡҺúް
׺ֹͣѪͬĴϺһ㣬ӣĿԹʵؿط磬ͬʱ޷εĻ⡣
ƶִѪϴѧļƻһʼƻû֮ǰû̻ɱطˡ
Ҳڣڲƻ֮ûȫѡط֡
ڣô
طǲʱδЩɥ񹲷ߵʱӦ뵽һ죡
ϣҳҴˣ﷭˴һģһúܲҡ
׺Թ޵ضط磬ҧгݵ˵š
꣡
Ȼ
Ȼ׺Ļ˵꣬㱻ͷѵϡ
طֱţһŶ˻׺ۡ
׺ղֶѣҼը˿۱飬˫۷ˣתھҲ޷ˡ
ϣְɣ
۱飬׺Ļ˻ȥԹ޵
ôɱ㣬̫ˡ
ط˵ţһץס׺ͷһᣬ׺ֱӣ¹ơ
ϣ㡭Ҫʲô
׺ŭҪץ޷תھѵˣ
ȣҪ֯ͷڡ㹼˻֯ǰ࣡
طϻ׺˻𣬳˵ţȻŻ׺Դƻĵķ档
飡
׺طţƻصؿһͷ
ĿͷŻ׺ģƻһ㱡
Լһ뻪׺˽ԹΡ֯ͻѧһû뵽һʽ
ΣҪѧ磬ĿͷڡΪˣ
飡
طٴοڣȻ編ƣŻ׺ǡһͼХվķصؿͷ
ҪʦͷڣѪȵĹ֣вѪϴҶңأ
飡
ط˵ţȻŻ׺Ҷͷڡ
ͬƻһҶһĻͬһ㱡
үү̣壬ð֣裬磬㣬ܡҶܣδûгˣ죬ͽܰұˣ
ţţҶӲܿƵز֪档
׺ѪծѪ
·Ϊ˻ӦҶƵģطͺһȻֱš˻׺Դ
ֽ׺һ
˵




1759 Ϊ
׺ͷʬ壬Ѫ֮УͷطУ˫۵ɵùԲһĿӡ
ƺֱ޷źͽܣԼջطС
׻ׯ԰ָ˰ƻڣ˵ĿⶼطϣüĿ֮𺳲δȥ
ۼ֤طɱ׺Щ𺳣ֻһ̫λá
С磬ɵò
Ժƻȴӻع΢Цſ޵֮Ρ
֪ղŵΣ»ǿľǿߣҲδػطúá
ΪԾǿӦս벽ǿߣºˣҪ
طڸղǿƼ򵥵ĹУչֵÿɲֻ侲ǻԼԳʱİա
ǷΣңΪӪ侲ǻۣҪ˵طͬţһǿߣҲѾС
һǿ߱ʣ
ΪҪǣƻ֪طֻ۷ǿ߾
۷ǿ߾Խ磬ɱȫ۷İ벽ǿߣº߸ˣҲ̫𺳣
ҲΪһ㣬ƻΪ벽ǿߣһĴˣӵһžǿͼᶨ־Ҳ𾪵òᡣ
ƻĶˣ˾͸˵ˡ
Բۣ
ԶȿڣԴ˱ĵĸܡ
Ȼ֮ǰط絲ס׺һҽ׺ˣҲطԻɱ׺طת֮ɱ׺𺳲ѡ
һֱ˶ع
УüͷŭĿ䣬·˼䵱ڵĴǲһǵľĸл۸ĸɮΥɣŮſڱտԲۣ
ȻҲۼ֤СĴ˵֮սˢҶ֪Х̲ס̾
̫ǿˡ
һĵĸܡ
Хһ̾ҶӸжлعĨһᣬ̲סЦˣЦгο뽾
䳡ϡ
طֵҲ̫ţˣǿǰ벽ǿ߰ǣҪ˵ֻɱ˶Ҫ°̲ͬס̾
ӥЦĬ˼ԵĻиӼᶨذط統ѧϰ׷ϵİͬʱҲӼţõĽطһᳬԽƻЩ˵еȫ֮ۡ
ʦӥʦʦܻ𣿡
ԵĻ䣬ľ̲סʵ
ľڣȻѾѧżܱͨǿΪط뻪׺ֵĵصԶ߲ãδ嵽׷ʲôֻ֪л׻ׯ԰顣
ǵġ
ӥڻش
ۣʦ
ԣ̲ס̾
ǵʦǿԿھһ䡣
ʦӥʦֿԴʦ𣿡һаʵ
ܡ
Եһ飬ЩεʮҶ򲻹ǵʦ̫̬ˣ
ʦ̬ʲô˼кʡ
̫ǿˣ
һ죬ԼںǰעУȻ󻰷һתĳһҪúøʦѧ䣬ȡԺǿߣ֪𣿡
֪ʦ
شţһ˶־ϣ
һ̣Сǣ޷ǿеʦһУԻȫѧɵǺεȵĿֲ
û£Ӯˣ
ͬʱǻش𼧰ԵԶ´ӷµ״̬лع񣬳˿Ȼվ
뺢ǲ̡̳ͬһº֮սɵĺ䶯˿̶ԣЩҪҪطӮˣţպ󻹿Կط硣
ԣһУ
Ϊ֯СȻҲطɱ׺ȫĴ¼
ѣֱתصӭ͵ԼıȡʼǱԣ̽Ϣ
Ȼ
ܿѹסֳ嶯Ҷסȥ
Ϊ֪֮ҪǺط硢ƻĵ˴кҪϢ뾭ƻĺطͬ⡣
һ棬Ƕƻĺطء
һ棬鼫пܸıʾƣӰ̫
ܿģطȾѪƻģҶסſڡ
С磬ϼһĿ࿴ХһطĴָ
ƻģ㲻
һƻģ֮ǰΪ廪׺ɽɵϽˣƻĻ̨ٳٲǰװڹŹػһȦ
ı㡣
Ҳбƻһۣһһƻġ
ƴʦ
Ҷǵһʱƻ
УΪ֮ǰ񾯸Եʣûĵĸܡ
Ҷƻʺ֮󣬵һʱĵسطʵС磬û°ɣ
ҶǹĹȰСҪأܻɱ׺𣿡ط翪ڣХЦ˵
ҶЦЦû˵
ȻҲһ㣬Ȼ̲סѯʡ
ǸоͺñȸĸԴӣºӳˡϢˣڸĸǰԶǺӣÿصУĸǻʶºܿࡣ
ʦҵ˲¡
طܹҶ˼㿪Ҷģͬʱ⿴ȳ
ৡ
ͬʱƻĵҲԼͬؽĿͶȡ
ƴʦŴʦʥʦʦȣԽ֯
ط罫ĿͶȣ˽ܵƴʦ֮ǰСһ׺ҪϢǻûüתƣ׺͵ˡ
С㣬Ҵѧлл㣡
ƻԣһʱ䱧ȭȸл
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪԶظϵôҪеϢط硣
֪һȵΪ¶֪ô֯ŭ֣֮
ƴʦˡүүϯߣҴʺá
΢΢һЦ˵ţʵϯ߸û˵Ļ
ΪϯѹûȻڻƻģ
ȴ˿˵ǶƻĵأҲԼ֯뻪ѧĹϵ
ллҲתʺףһжá
ƻ΢΢һЦڼʮǰʶϯߣ˫ҲֻһζݵĽӴ֮ϵ
ѵҽһ⼸λʦ𣿡
ƻĵĻ£Цݣֱؿط硣
Ϊ֯СӶطĹע֪ܲǡһХ졢Ҷ䣿
ǳòҲ͸©Ϊطģ
ǸС㣬ˣλǻڵʥʦ
طһЦȻ½ΪȽˡ
طÿһˣȶʺãֵҶʱǾϹʺãֵǽһС
۷Ź⣬Ƿʲô˲õ飬еİ֮ٴȼգ
ƴʦҿԽ֮սⱨ𣿡
ʺ֮ſڳƻĺطʵ
ֻҪСԸû⡣
ƻЦЦ˵γط¶ĺøУ
ԡ
طܸɴͬˣôһСæȻҪġ
οûıҪҪȥӶȷٸô׻Ƶ
лл
طͬ⣬۷Ź⣬ѣǸо·ѾϢȥ֮ĺ䶯ˣ




1760 
ȵõƻط֮û̻صӭ͵֮սϢҲû뿪׻ׯ԰ط˸ס
Ƚ֮ûżϢȲͨүүϯߵĵ绰
װȣ㶼ôˣҴ绰
ܿ죬Ͳ㴫ϯߵδ˱ȣȵִﻪĵʱ֪һ֪ȥ׻ƵϢ
үү
ûлشϯߵ⣬Ƿʵ
׻Ƶ
ϯͫ׶ȻŴ˲ʶʲô
ϲ㣬үүˡЦ˵
ܵ׻Ƶʲô
ϯ˳һ䣬Ȼӿֳ㲻ѻ׺Ҫȥ׻ƵϢ˰ɣ
ϲ㣬үүִˡ
ûɳ˵٩ζ
졭쵰Ǻ֣
ϯԣȻŭضȷ˻쵰֣֪ʲôҸ˵֯սֻʷļ֤ߣѵ
û׺֪㽫Ϣ͸©»׺Ѫϴ׻ƵļƻգὫŭйϣ
ʱ㣬֯пܴʧ
׺ˡ
ʵȥˣֱӴϯߵĻ
㡭˵ʲô
绰ͷ·˹߱ϯߣʱסˡ
ݽ֯ռ鱨Ի׺ʵǰǿߣȫ벽ǿеĸ֣
˵׺ˡ
Ϣԣʵ̫ˣ
ôģѵлѧİ벽ǿ׻ׯ԰ƻģǸ˵еˣ
𾪹ϯ߻ع񣬷ɿʵʮּУͬǹɨƵġ
طɱġ
赭дػӦ
˭˭
һΣϯֱӱôֱΪһԣջģȣôԼ飬ѵ䣬ǵЦң
ϯٴһ㣬طɱ˻׺ڸղšЦ̬һ
⡭ôܣ
ϯ߳ˣѿڶ
Ҫ֪׺ǰ벽ǿ߰
ңеĸ֣
ط磬Ÿոͻƾǿ߾ûκοܻɱ׺
װүүǲŵúܴ۾ɵúԲţֱˣ
лϯߴ˿̵ıǺεȾʣ̲סЦ
ȣȷûпЦ
ϯЩˣǸطɱ˻׺ȸղĻãȲѡ
һ̣ƵϯߣЩ±ˡ
װүүĿһзʱ򣬿ɱ𾪶ˡȼӸ𸴡
ȣô£
ϯҪˣٴȲʵǸо޲̷ɹȵ
װϯˣҪʼ˽Ŷ
ٴε٩һ䣬ȻЦ̬֮ǰĵεΣȥϸظϯߡ
ӻ׺ɱ׻Ƶط׺뿪׻ƴ뻪׺սٵ׺У֮ʱطͻɱ֣ط罫׺һ
Ĭ
ȵ֮ϯڵ绰ͷĬˡ
ܹϯԼٵĺΪϯ߹Ҷ˵绰
һ̣ٴλԼүү˿̵ı飬ûȥ٩ǸϯʱϢ
Ϊ֪ϢǺεȵľˣµڣȻò˼飬ο绰ͷϯߣ
ȣȷǻ׺ƻˣʧȥսȻطɱ˻׺
ӹϯ߲Ϣ
ΪϢ̫ˣϯûȫţһѪʳеɻ㡣
ԼıŮпΪ˱ⱻԼѵͷıеĳЩϸڡ
ϯҿȷظ㣬׺һζطֵʱ򣬻սңһ̣ƻȫֹûֹɹ
ȸ˺ܿ϶Ĵ𸴣˽ͣطƾʵס˻׺ľɱ˻׺սս׺ɱ
ϵ۰Ǹ𣿡
õȵȷϣϯ߾ѡ
һֱطĿ࿴Ϊط缫пܳΪʱǣδǳսʹϷطɱ׺֮٣е˼飬ûݣ
װүүΪرСţˣҲ˵ˣҪȥ˵Ϣˡ
΢ЦŹҶ˵绰ǽһ̡
ƺԣȿ佱ط磬ϯ߿佱ÿ֡
Ҷϵ绰ȲͣóʼǱԣ򿪣밵̳Ȼʼӡ
ΪղŸϯ˵һ飬ʶ˼·رǶ˫ڼϷһ㣬ֻһžӵݡ
ɱ벽ǿߣ
ӵı⡣
Ϊ֯С֪ʲôı
벽ǿΪϵ۷壬طվȫ˿ڵ⣬㹻𺳣
ӵıԣӵҪϽࡣ
һΪݷֳ֡
һҪط硢׺ƻ˵Ľܡ
֮Ĺϵͬʱ˻׺ǰ׻ƵĵĶ
ľ
ȫǷΪһսı䣿ǳսǷΪһսǰ
ȵ̲֮סʡ




1761 ޵
Ϊڰ̳ظ˵طдһ죬̳һֱӸ߲¡
ܶ˳̳Ǹظĺ壬Լ߽ͬ磬ͼø˵ԷԼĹ۵㡣
һ£ȵһ㱻˿ˣͬʱҲ̳Աע⵽ˣҵһʱ졢ö
󡭡
ֱֹ̳ǳֹۣһذըֱ̳Ѹȫ鱨
ϵ۰ʹŰ벽ǿʵĻ׺Ȼ˻УҲ̫ħ˰ɣ
ս֯ʹƻĴս֮ˣĻᡣҲ˵һսҶԻͻȻ֣൱ھɱôܵסôܷɱʹ
šǽ֯ģҲԴ˳ֻ̬ȡôѾ漣˵ˣô죡
ôˣ˭ܸңжǿͻƾǿ֮ͻ˰벽񾳰ɣ
ϢѸٴͬʱҲ˸𣬼Ϣ֮󣬶е˼飬˶ɡ
ڰ̳ϣ֮⣬Ϊ˶⡣
Щ֮ǰ˵дһǰ벽ǿ֮µһˣӳ
ɱӵа벽ʵĶʹĻûʸڴһôǸң˭ʸ񣿻仰˵ǿ˸Ҹ벽ǿսô
Щط֧ʵ̳ҫһѣǸо·֮٣ط硣
Ȼ
֪طֻ۷ǿ߾֪ǻɪʲô

͵̳ȫ鱨Ϊطɱ׺鱻ͬʱΪ˵ط磬Դһ֪
˿̵Ҷס
֮⣬ƻġǡһХ졣
ʦ׺ʬҪ͵Ҷ𣿡طȿʵ
гˣų˵Դȥȥѣǽһ
طɱκ֮󣬱κԴȥսصʿ԰ȥĳ͡
ˡ
Ҷҡͷܾط飬ûԻɱ׺޷Ż׺Դȥˡ
á
طԣҶ˼ûټ֣ǳƻʵƴʦ֪׺֮󣬼Ŷʹ˴Ǳ뻪ף᲻˼ǻɱˣ᲻ᵼȫ濪ս
ৡ
طôһʣǡһͼХҲԼͬؽĿͶƻģȴƻĻش
Ҳ֪ġ
ҶȻ
ȻһˣûʸǳսҲ޷ȫκӰ죬ɱ׺δǳսᲨط磬Ȼġ
׺Ƿ˼˵Ӧõõ
ƻ˵Լжϣ鲻ǳսǰ෴ػɣ뻪׺Ǳ뻪Ʋϵ
ƻģ˼ǣʵҲɵǻѧ翪սХԣһ˲뵽ʲô
һҲ¡Ͼȫ˷սӶﵽ߸ֵĿģ
ƻҡͷ͵֮ղŵжϣΪҾãὫ󻯣˵һڶڶںģԹ⡣ˣΪ׵ĺڰʧʷĳ֮ˡ
ԭˣ
ХȻ
⣬һսΪ׵ЩҡҲһ޴塣
ҲڷԼѧǼٲһսӡ̣Ϊѧط֮Ĳ
Ҳǰ׻Ƶطԭ֮һ
š
ƻĵͷͬһսһĳЩҡҲãΪ׵ĺڰҲգᡢҲɰ벽ǿΪˣǱ뻪Ķᣡ
˵ƻЦſطһۣС磬ԣѵõİȫڣҪúᣬŬԼʵ
ллƴʦ
طȭϹлһ˫أǸлƻĵѣǸлƻﱣԼ
С磬ԺǾͲҪôˣ̫ˡƻİ˰֡
벽ǿ߶κһҡ󣬻׺ɱȷʵЩжڶڲɳ벽ǿߡ
Хԥһ£ٴοڣͬƻĵĹ۵㣬Ȼ˵ԼĵǣǣΪжɾǿߣϧһдۻɱС硣ϾСɳ̫ˣǱޣЩжмɵ
ϼСɱ׺ʱı֣Ϊоǿ߿ɱ𣿡
һΣƻĻشһЦҪ˵һǿߣһȺǿߣΪС綼ܱס
Ҳǡ
ХЦԼͿ
Ƕ뿪ˡ
겻ѣԭƻ׻Ƶܾõġ
š
ƻٴεͷ
ԣϣǡһͼХط磬ϣطԽĸΣա
ڴһ˵һȺǿɱط磡
ѹԻ͡
ţطӦһС
ڴطͨѪĿ飬ĥۣ֮
޵У




1762 ƣ߳
׺ɱһ£ǲϳѸٴȫͬʱΪս˵һʱ֪鱨һصսܲսƶ㱨顣
ʦһж֮ͬǰԤϵһѧطǸƤɱ֣ĶʹϹɱˡ
֮󣬿żɽػ㱨
Ŷ
ͫ׶ȻŴ
Ϊսƶߣȫ󶥼ָƣȻ֪׺Ҳ֪׺ǿ֮һʵɲ⡣
һλ벽ǿ䣬Сĳ
ô£
֮࣬̿ʵ֪ϸڡ
ʦݽ֯Ϣġ
Լõ鱨һһʮ˻㱨Ȼ˵Լļ⣬ҸΪ׺ɱ鲻м٣׺ǷڻطǸƤֵ֮ûɡһ򲽽׺ˣҲԲǸƤܹɱġϾ벽񾳺;ǿ֮Ĳ̫ˡ
š
ͷϿжϣȻһµ˵еѧųϢпΪ˱طǸƤӣǸƤӵʵڶʱ˷ɿԣǵļƻ䣬ֻҪǸƤ뿪ģϧһнɱ
õģʦ
ѸȻûָʾ˳˷䡣

ͬʱ
̻д˹̵
ˣҡ
д̼̣һʱûгƺʦǳƺˣҲд̵ϰߡ
д̣ʹڻһ£ô̿ʵ
ƻıɵûطǸ鵱նջ׺ɱ
д̷·ϵԼΪ£֮ǰй˼˿̼˲˴𸴣ڻ׺ڻطǸУΪƻĹġĿΪ˱طǸ飬ûһƣӶҶԻطǸ֡
ţҲġ㣬㣬ҪΪɱطǸϵļƻҲҪĴɵ
΢΢ףд̵ķͻش⡣
ˣߵֵûп־ɵģֻҪطǸ뿪ģұؽɱдĵ
á
΢΢һЦЦݼɭ䡣
طμձѧձڳϣҪ

ս͹̵ԣĺĲ㣬һŵ֪Ϣ
⵹Ϊ鱨սձ̵ΪĺĲ㼸ܲ
ܲȻĴųźţϢ޷ִͨƼȥֻܺ鱨תվ鱨Ա˴ܲȻл㱨
׺ɱϢܲ˾޴𶯣
һ棬ôһа벽ǿ䡣
һ棬׺ĶʹݵλʵʹжǰéģأӰ޴
ᱨ
սǰ
𶯹󣬼ܲˣжʡ
ںܶ˿׺ĳ裬ǰսҲȻб
Ȼ
ǵȵһĿɿڴϢ
ʹ׺ľȰ裬˴֣Ϊ˸Լӱ֪ѧɱֵǰ£뿪ܲǰĸ𣬱ƻĻɱ˽б
Ի׺ɱһĻӦ
ϢһƬȻ
Ϊǿ˵裬ǵһʱס
ף
֮һ塣
׺ӰܴбĻΪɵᶯҡǶδǳսġ
Ƶ׺ϣһ˶бҲֻΪ׺Ǿȡ
֮⣬ĻӦ׺ǱƻĻɱģ˶طļɵ͡
װŮ㿴ȥЩˡ񵭵
Ϊʲôأ
΢΢һЦһҲ⻪׺лЩϲ
Ϊ׺뿪ܲǰȥĻɱطʱͼȰ軪׺Ҫɱط硪Ҫָط磡
ʱܾˣҲ޷Ȱ軪׺
񣬻׺ˣʵָԸĻˡ

̾˿
ף֮ǰ˵ʹ˳ǣǺϵľȰ裬һУϧΪʲôҪ̾أ̾費
Ϊûзӳüֵ˵Щ꣬ǸӻûüرǾˣһź顣͵
ף׼ʲôʱбͷս
ԣܹ飬ûмղŵĻ⣬ʳеɻ
˸ںģȺڰʹأͷս
о˸ڴؿ裬ڱΪǿ֮ʱǱ֮ʼ
ллףһᾡͻƾǿ߾ǰȥطǸ쵰
ϹǸлȻ˫ȭһڱصá




1763 ʦ
׺طɱĵ죬뿪׻Ƶ
ԭطԼĴأշ
һ棬үүڹȥʱһһ绰뿪׻ƵģƲطĹϵ
ϯߵĻ˵ʧһλ벽ǿߣ綼ᱨطһһʮΣյ顣
һ棬ط뻪׺ʱˣȻƲأûʮºѻָ
֮⣬׺ɱϢȫɾ޴塪ھԲɰ벽ǿġ
һط罫ѵõİȫڣʱ乮̺ʵ
ΪԼ˽νط磬Ӷطʵıʱ䡣
Ϊ˲ط磬ߵʱûȥ֪ͨط磬Ҷ¡䡢ԡӥͺǽ˼򵥵ĸ
뿪׻ƵĵྩĳؼԺ
ܣ˵һǰȥɱطǸ˵֯ƻĸˣ
°صкĸ׵һʱӭȥʵ
š
ܵͷҲ˵顣
Ǹǧ˵ôôأĸ׺ǲޡ
ûпֻúź
ڻ׺ɱ֮ǰίǰ׻Ƶɱط磬ʧܸգطץĻָʹɱ˵֤ݡ
ʱŻֺܿ
Ϊֻһ¼ûʵʵ֤֤ܹ֤Ҳܹøֹϵһʵ
ϾطѾǵؼҴˣûؼȻûؼǸ˳
ο֪طΥй涨ؽһζط´ץһû֯ץ
ˣϻ֯ץطǸ˵Ǹ֯ηǵץһĿŵذѵûʺ׷𣿡
ĸ뵽ʲôɻ
Ǿͻ֯飬Ҳ˵ؽƻĵ飬ǲòġ
ܿѵԴӹӶɱطļƻʧ֮ͷŪطˣǽɱطϣϡ
Ϊ
ʱġ
ңȻǸС˵ͷʺǿɱ
ĸܻе˼Թһ䣬Ȼתˣȫû˼
ߵ鷿ϷţĬĬ̡
ؽؽ㻹ǰϧëһһδףκιĻᰡ
һ֧ȼܽͷ̻Ҹףҧгݵ˵
ΪһĿߣĸףλڳźǿȨˣһֱڵһᡣ
һطΪɣؽؼҴʮ˲Ļᣬٳûеȵ

ҹĻ֮ؽͣȻͬһص鷿
һΣûļҲûп飬ϵڲרߣͨɵĵ绰
׳
绰ܿͨͲдɵ
ɣ鵽ط𣿡ؽʵ
׳鵽ˡ
ؽѯʣɳһ£Ӧ
ؽʡ
ǲ鵽Ϣɽ
˵ţףؽ϶Ѿ˵ƻİطл׺ˣ˿֪ʣҲ˵ʦ
ŶһΪ鱨̱ˡ
Ȼؽ仰ӡ֤ɵжϣȻѾ鵽ˣΪʲôһ㱨Ҳȡж
׳ǰ֯ƻطڵĵطûжץһͬһѧͽ
ɽһᣬӲͷƤ֪ģطһ书˸޷ʵʩץֻڻ֯ƻ޶ԡ
ɣƻѹңؽɵĻ
׳ɲҡɻص
ʲô˼ж֯ƻϣؽ䡣
׳ֻ˵ʵĿǰѡ
а̾ΪؽԽطȥȴû뵽ؽҪط硣
ھ͸֯绰û֯ɽͣȻ̸һص绰ؽ
ǣ׳
Ȼ̰ؽָʾͨյĵ绰
ɣ֪绰ʲôţ˵ˣȷɽط磬ط統ʱЭһͬɱ˻ѧͽ׺ֹ˻׺ѪϴѧļƻĹ͡ڵʱ£޷Ҳץط磬Ắ˻ѧߵġ
绰ͨɿڣձȿڵ
Ľ㡣
յĻ̾˿Ȼɣȥ׳㱨
ɣʵҲڰ⣬Ӧø˲ŶԡˣȥæɡЦЦȻҶ˵绰
ɷµ绰ַɿػزؽĵ绰ȻյĻԭⲻػ㱨ؽ
û֯涫£ǡؽָʾ
ǣ׳
ؽֱӹҶϵ绰ûץط飬ȴһͷ
Ϊ֪˫ȫʱҪˣطҪ֤ˡ
ʱ˫ȫ϶ҪսСӵԱ
Կ϶ǣսСԱ϶ȥġ
ΪƶߣǾܾȥĻĶȥ˫ȫΪսʧȥһֱۣǹ֮Ӣۣ
ȥĻؽ㱨
ҪҪطȡץж
̫ˣ
̾˿޲ط̵ۣ֮һ鷳ӭж⣡




1764 ҫ
ʱܻ޲ʱȻš
֪׺ɱѾȥʮ졣
ڹȥʮûһ׻Ƶɱط磬һ鱨ԱûС
һ棬طɱһҶ̳ݻô׻Ƶߡγɳ鱨Ա׻Ƶ̽Ѳɽץ˸飬Ӱ
һ棬ӵа벽ʵΪʹĻ׺һɱ׻Ƶɱ
ø𶯵ͬʱҲ׻Ƶѧļɵ
ڹȥʮ¡Ҷ䡢ӥͼˣ䵱źǵʦֱںĻΡĵáɱ飬Լ书
ǺҲܳʵҶУֻŷµĹʣҵµ塣
طһֱڱչˡ
ͨʮıչأطƶѻָļι³ˣƤ
Ѿָط粢δء
Ϊ˽֮󣬴ֻȷϢ֪Ѿ뿪ˡ
һصĻʱҲûʲôѡչأѵõİȫڣͻƾǿ߾
ǿ߾Ҫļһӭ֮ʱ书·ÿһеĳʱʽöܴﵽѡ
⿴Ҫս£ʵȻҪʹõ书Ϊһ塣
νĶд͵Ȼ֮ͬ
ƴʦǰңͻƾǿ߾Ĺؼ㡣
һǾѧ
ÿ˸֮ѧ
֮⣬ᵽͻ;Լдѧһ߸һдһȵͻƾǿ߾ʱԼдѧҲɹ
طԺƻ֮ǰ˵һУĥеص㡣
ҾͼдǹʽԴѧﵽļһͻƾǿ߾
ܿ죬طб˼ƻ;
Ѿǹдʽֱ̡̣ǰʽΪʽʽǷʽ
ʽоʽΪõķؾǽ
طţٴϥ۹۱Ǳǹģ׼ڤ롢״̬
ˡˡ
Ȼ
ʱֻ𶯵
ط΢΢һȻóֻһ˫ȫ硣
˫ȫ
طͨ绰ȿڡ
ྩ˫ȫ˸ʱԼµֻ˼ˡ
ӳûŵɣ˫ȫʵ
˫ȫתҵûãѧ˰
طЦŴȤ˵˵ļҵλôʱͰıˣ
ӳҵתҵûꡣ
˫ȫʵ˵뵱صؾӣĿǰûꡣ
ҲżȵȺˣ֯϶׵ġ
طЦЦȻһʵСӸҴ绰ѵΪҪˣ
ǡǵģӳҵĻݶʱûʱĻٸڡ
˫ȫЦ˵Ѿص񴨣˿Լ·
ûʲô£ǰȥ֣æط˵
ӳã߶׼׵ˣֻСȻǱʱû⣬Ҵ绰ǣǵʱûĻٸڡ
˫ȫæܾԣطܹμĻѾܼˣطæ
СӣͲҪҿˣȥ绰ɣб䶯ǰҡ⣬ȥĻǰϵ㡣
ط˵ţо˫ȫҪ˵ʲôֱӰ϶ӳݣ
ǣӳ
طоһ˫ȫԭҪٴξܾطһ仰ֱӸĿڡᶨ
ԡˣӳһһ㡣˫ȫٹҵ绰ǰ뵽ʲô
ʲôطʡ
ӳ˵벻׳˫ȫʡ
ɡ
ط𸴣Ȼѵ׳⡢񷱶࣬޷ҲҪ⡣
֣ӳġ
˫ȫһʱӦ뿪Ҳطƴӡ
£˫ȫֻдäȻŹҶϵ绰ͨӥĵ绰֪ӥ˶û񣬲˵顣
ӥ֤սСȫԱһϵʱ񣬻ǰ֪ͨ˫ȫ

ӥĵ绰˫ȫһŲͨɵĵ绰׳˫ȫ
˫ȫؼҸоô
ܹµ˫ȫ绰Ŀģδ˵ǹĵʵ
׳һжãл׳֯ػ˫ȫش
а˫ȫȥ֮˵һһ׵ġ
ЦŴȤȴΪο
ΪĿǰҽƿƼˮƽޣ˫ȫ޷սĺϽֱۣò뿪ۡ
ɸеź
֪˫ȫ뿪֮ǰ̬ȼؾܾӼ֮֫Ƿźңͬʱиж
֪Ǹ񴨵Сӣöϱۼսģ
˫ȫУ˫ȫ״̬Ĳ١
׳˫ȫҡ
˫ȫŵСĸһȻûֵ˼С˵׳񴨾ٰμӡ
á
ɺܸɴشӦȻʵ֪ͨطμӰɣ
ţ֮ǰѾ֪ͨӳˣμӣҪҵ֤ˡ
˫ȫ˵ţЦݣǸо·ܹطԼ֤һϵҫ
ã
˵ţֱӹҶ˵绰
ܹܵ˫ȫǷݽȴǰ̾˿
Ըؽ׳ܹһ棬Ԥ˴λͬʱЩжҪƻⳡ񣬷Сӣ»ͱƣ




1765 ʹ
˫ȫɵͨ󣬿һʱ䣬ֽˣʰһ£¥һĺγС
γ˫ȫδ޵ġ
׼ȷ˵Լ˫ȫġ
Ϊĸĸˡ
үү̡׺ĸȫ˵ǳС
ʱѧУѧȻҲˣʦػסԲҹձһžսʿȳ
һ쿪ʼµ򣬶ҽ;һĸ飬֮һҪһҽԱҲһҪ޸ˡ
ʵԼԸΪһʿ
ϰ֮ϲԾΪǵС˵˫ȫͬʱˡһ׵ʱҵ˹ͬĻ⡣
˫ȫΪԼǵĵرŻδĺøУ֪֪Ǿ˵һ𣬾Ͷøˡ
֪˫ȫִĹʧȥһֱۣ沿Ҳ˰̺󣬲û˫ȫǵûвڻͷԼδΪ١
ϰҽԺһ˽ҽԺдҽԺ񶼵غ
ʵϣһʼҽԺԳɼܲһڹĹҽȣմʱ䡣
ʱ˫ȫ˴ҽԺûֱȥδޣͣĵصȴš
ͬʱҽԺסԺVIP
һʿ˻ʿİ칫ҡ
ʿҡ
ź󣬹վһԣڵ
쿪ʼȥһʿֹͣԣżɽ˵

ȻʿĻһ
ҽԺΪõ˽ҽԺVIPVIPҲֵȼõıǵһųƴҽԺġͳ׷ӵпҡҡҵȷ䣬ʩȫǸߵס˷ǸͨҽԺľӢʿ
Ӧ֪һҪԺԡ
ۿ£ʿ˵ĿŻŵױϡ
һʮ崿ͷ·һõеİٺϣѼ
ؼǸ崿δαװģ˫峺۾˵һۿʱ򣬶һŮ
ʵҲȷˡ
ڴҽԺϰûκθţԹճΪ֡
ʿΪʲôȥأЩɻʵ
ΪΪʤ
ǵʱʿǿ˶ʮǰڶʱԼҲ֮һΣסڵһϼŶ³ӡ
ͫ΢΢ŴЩȡ
ΪҽԺĻʿ֪ҽԺϼµĲҵ
ңͬ˵ϼһҵţ˵ɵйǮĴʡ
ȹ龪ȣûп˵ʲôǵŻʿĻ
Ҳ㣬ԴסҽԺ֮󣬵ΪֹһĻʿѾˣ⣬ֱ˵ЩʿרҵӰ쵽ǵ
ʿĳ˵㾫ͨרҵ֪ʶ渺ȥһҷġͬʱҲţһıǻҽԺĿ
֪ˣʿҾȫñְ
껤ʿĻֱӴӦǾһ㡣
š
ʿصͷȻ뵽ʲôˣҺȹȥһ£ûʲô⣬ý˻棬컻ҲͲˡ
õģʿ
ڻʿŵĹûκ顣
ȥɡ
ʿЦų˰֡
û˵ʲôֱ˳˻ʿİ칫ңȻǰһ
һ
Ϊļүڲϣֱ룬ڽҺֻ۾ؿţɫȥ
ʵϣûʲôصĲѰʱ򣬲СȾ˲
˿ֻ̣һŮƵ
Ů񴨸ŵģһű׼߾ٺܾ£ħ˿һɫɴȹƵ衣
Ů˵̸ľԹˣʱʱۣеһȣ޲̳嵽Ů˵ļŮ˾͵ˡ
顪
͵ʱ򣬲űˡ
˭
Щɨ˵ʵ
ãǻʿ鿴Һվ˵
Զ㣬æأҪҡŭ
õģſڵţæ˸ңٽȥδΪǾְ
٣ûʿɣȥ·Ժ١
һΣڣƵŮͣЦ˵
á
üӦһȻֻһԣ
⣬ֱŶ룬Һҡ
ţ
ϣԭΪղɨ˶Щջ𣬵Ƿ´½ƵģϵĲ굴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮Ǿޡ
ΪļҹӸ磬Ů˲ʲôˡģ綼ˣҰѸԺУУϵҲ˸顣
Ȼ
Ů˵УûһŮ崿˫峺Ĵ۾Ǵĳħһ˲伤
ʿЩҼһ¡
ߵֻصƵаЦų˵




1766 
õģ
ȻЦݲ⣬ǾְӦȻߵǰﲻ

аЦţָָԼȼ䡣
õģҽһ¡
״δеɬŭ
Ϊ֮ǰصز鿴סԺϣ֪Ĳ顪ΪĲû롣
չ涨ǲֱ仯Ҫҽ顣
ҽҼһ¾ͺáֱض
Բֻǻʿ޷Ĳ仯ҪҽСʶ˲ԾǱְҵ̬ȡ
ҾԡţֻҪҿû׼ͺˡȻаЦݣ֮Ҳ˸Źâ
ղƵ˻𣬴˿ваͷΪ
ʲô˼
ٴοϵаЦݣ϶ежϣü
ҽԺ쵼Ѿ㣬ҵݡ
ȻаЦؿԲΣ޳ܵ˵˵ȥҿԸ㳬Ļرһ׷ӣһ˵ҽԺְţʿ۰ۻҲûǮҿһ仰ҽԺʵĲţ㽱õ
ǸҲˡҪҽĻȥҪĻǾˡ
üͷüĿ֮ӿֳŭ⡣
ǵҲ
ȷٿһ£
ֱԽԽϲǹɶصĵ峺Ĵ۾ҲԿ㵱ҵĳŮˡţֱӸıˣԵõҪһС
һΣ˵Ҫ뿪
ȵȣ
״ֱһץס֣Ϊֱ̫Һܡ
ҺܵأֱֱѪ⣬۷ŹһκͳڶԣԼѡ
ҽԺǻʿأ
ֱ˦֣ŭ
أ
ϵЦ˲ʧȷ黹죬ָָصҺܺѪѡܾĻôΪղҺܣҽԺˣңұ֤񶼣ģûһҽԺҪ㣡
㡭ˣԼҺŪģ
вȷŭί˵ţҪ߹ȥҺܡ
ûãð׷֪ҵݣҽԺ˵Ļʵʥּ
ЦٴвȻı⣬ѡңҿԵʲôûз
㡭
ûһȻֱۣܳ˲
ģ֪ôӣ
״ŭһȻֱóֻŵصҺܺѪƬ
һУֱӲͨҽԺ˵ĵ绰
ղиʿҵĲ飬ҺܣҳѪǸûоˣ
绰ͨȶԷڣŭҸղѾƬ֤ݡҪ㣬̽Ǹʿ
õģ٣ȥ
绰ͷҽԺĸĻδȫţǵһʱӦ
Ϊ֪Ҫ˵ǸʿҽԺƶ߻Ҳ£
һУ֪顣
˲֮󣬿ǽϣΣǿнί˻ȥȻʿվ
ʿվʱ򣬻ʿѾˡ
㵽Ұ칫һˡ
ڣʿȿڣɫЩӡ
õģʿ
ͷȻŻʿ칫ҡ
ղԺ绰˵ڵһҺܣ²ĲλѪѪҺô£
ʿڰ칫ǰȿڣû˵Ҫ飬ѯʵ׷ʲô
ΪǸԲֵܷͼһ飡
ʿ
˫۶ʱˣȻǿǿزˮ£ǿѹסĵίƽʵղһС
̫ɶˣôô
ʿеʮַŭ
Ȼ
ڷŭܿ뵽ݣҲ뵽Ժղŵ֪ͨ
뵽Щʿϵķŭʧȡ֮һΪѡ
˵оܷŭ˵ͬȥԺۣ
Ǹûõġ
첲šȡ
ǿļҵĹӸ磬ҽԺϼŵӵߣ
ȥѵ˵죬ԺҲԲΪ˱ȥ
ãԺֱӾ̸ˣ
ԡԲڸղţԺ绰˵ǸҪ㡣
ʿĬһӣŻڣ˫ۺˣЩʣҺΪʲôԲĶԲ𡭡
˵󣬻ʿֱӵͷܵĵǴ
ʿûϵø˵Բ𡣡
Ѳµ˻һԼԵƽһЩǸеһĵʹ;޴衣
´㣬һἫԺȡԺ㲹ͬʱһᶯеĹϵ¸һݹ
Ļûʿֲʲô
ˣʿǸ˵ˣ񴨶޷ҵµĻʿġ
ҡҡͷȻŻʿһллʿ
£ת뿪

ʿʶȴ֪˵ʲôʲô
ĽŲһ£Ȼֱ뿪
ûȥҽԺ²ְֱȥ˻ֽӽԼĶȫװϣȻ뿪˻
Ϊδʱ䣬һ·ûͬ£ֱͣ
һ·ϣˮͬߵһ㣬ܿƵӿ崿ӻ䡣
ˮ˱Ϳɬζ
Ȼ
ߵͣʱֽ䣬ȥϵˮصԼ
İ˿Լӡ
ʲôˣ
󣬾͵׼ӵʱһȻ
䣬Ӱ֡
Ǹڻսӷۣ׷滪μһһսһһ͵Ķ꣬ǰ




1767 ӳ
⣡
Ϥ̧ͷ˫ȫ°̺۵ӣͷһ𣬱ӷᣬۣ̲סµ
۸ˣ
˫ȫ״һʹæʵµŭɱ⣬һš
ûûУҹСķˡ
ʶҡҡͷȻȥˮûи˫ȫ˵ʵ
ͨʱĽӴܹܵ˫ȫһеˣҶر۰
£˫ȫʵ֮󣬵˫ȫȥˡ
˫ȫսӣһ֣Ҳ֪᲻Ὣ򻵡
֪ϼǺεȵǿԶԶֵײ˿Եġ

Ľͣ˫ȫһ
Ȼһʱ䲻Ҳ֪ԼδһرˣҪ˵ǹʰ·ʱһ˿ø߱׼Ҫݡ
˵ڹвСķܲ˫ȫȣ
Ȼ
ȹ龪ȣ˫ȫûлĻ֣ϵˮ㲻ǻĲʱҲãǰİѻˡ
š
صص˵ͷ鲻֮ǰǰίͱˣǴ㽡
ȻȥҽԺҹ϶ûġ
˫ȫֱϵֽ䣬һͣһ˵
һΣûп뵽µĺݻ񶼡ģҲ
⣬ҶӳҽԺģ301ҽԺ˺ίϵȫȫе֪ҽѧרΪơҲԿȥ301ҽԺ
˫ȫ˵ΪˣٴοĵȻǲߺţƾ汾ȥӦƸţԿԡ
á
ܹܵ˫ȫĹģ˵ͷδ˫ȫ˵ĻϣӶĺݻ
һ̣벻δδһȺˡ
޷δеλӳڻȫܹôֲ

ɽ׻ׯ԰Ƕ
ৣ
طֻ˫ۣ˱չء
չأδͻƾǿ߾ѧĸ˸һջС
طϥڵϣ
Ȼ֪ȫƱ仯ǰǳս죬Ҹ񣬻뾡һа취ɱʵüޣûΪδͻƾǿ߾еɥͽ
ϾŸͻ۷ǿ߾ûãҾǿ߾߶ԣһյľ硣
ȫ򣬰벽ǿߵ֮٣ÿһ˼صĶԱӵĴС
һΪ벽ǿߣ졣
طȥ·˸裬˹κӣȻһ·Ű뿪Լס׼񶼣Щ˫ȫ˫ȫٰĻ
Ȼûн飬ûԹܣ֪ʵһܷ飬ϸںܶ࣬鳵Ƶȵȡ
ط뿪סǵʦҶסҶ˵ԼҪʱ뿪׻Ƶȥ񶼲μ˫ȫĻȻȥ˵ͬʱ¶˵񶼵ĻƱ䡢ӥԺͺǸ
߳׻ׯ԰֮طóֻͨ˫ȫĵ绰ʵ˫ȫ׼ôˣ
ӳѾ׼òˡ˫ȫһʱص
ǾͺáطЦ˵ˣ˫ȫҽ쵽񶼡
ӡӳûʲôҪæģ㲻ô
˫ȫԣһȻ뵽طϸ绰˵飬æ˵
ѾûƱˣǲȥ𣿡ط˵
ûûУӳζ
˫ȫɿؽͣΪ̫Щ˵
Ǿˣϼط˵
õģӳķɻ㵽ȥ㡣˫ȫʵ
㡣ҲϰɣҼһ
طͬ˫ȫӻͬʱ˫ȫδޡ
Ȼطûм˫ȫδޣҲֻ˫ȫ˵һأԷܹ˫ȫʧȥһֱۡ˰̵ǰ£벻ʵѵá
󣬵طҶϵ绰˫ȫŷֻȲس嵽
ϵΧȹ緹
ҶӳҪ㵽һȥӻɣ㡣˫ȫ˵
õġ
ܸɴشӦԴ˫ȫһ֮˫ȫ˵ľط磬֪ط˫ȫǺεȵҪ
ˣȸӳþƵͳԷĵط
ֲһ䣬͹Գϸģֱ˵ӳٲȻѾ˫ȫһˡ
ԣ㲻ѣҶˡƵͶ񴨴ƵɣԷĻȥԻȥǸ졣
˫ȫţȻֱ˰ţƵõľƵ꣬ģûȥֻ˵
á
û顣
˫ȫ״û˵ʲôǷɿ߳ȥ绰Ƶͷꡣ
ͬʱ
ĳ֪ĺ
˫ۣȻܵһ߹⻬Լϡ
ԵʲôҸ
ǰƵǸŵŮſĻУЦ˵
Ժĵһ죬Ͷͱ
ҪźĵȣźθӶüļҵĻᡣ

ѿڶҽԺڼ䣬ܳĶԻˣžžž
ȥ԰ɣһ绰ǰðᡣŮֺõ˵
ãȳ㡣
аЦŵͷȻһʼ峿˶
һ̵ȫ˼ǰҽԺ顣
Ǽ¶ԣһ΢С£ֻһСֵü䡣
Ǹ˶Ůš
үҲš




1768 С
ʱѲ֪ʱϦҪƽߡ
ϦУһڳǷ񶼵Ŀͻ׼ʱؽ񶼻
طͷȲգսʾȻŰڿս΢ЦĻ»
磬뿪׻ׯ԰֮һ·񱼸·
Ѱź˳ڹ·ϵȺ򣬽͵ڳǻ˳˺ࡣ
ڣ˫ȫվȺŲ߳ÿͣ
ѾվһСʱˡ
ӳ
ڣ˫ȫط磬ɿץ֣һ߻֣һ߳ط󺰡
Դ˲⣬΢ЦţǸźڰ꣬ѰҴ𰸡Ǹ굽ʲô֮ð˫ȫڵ׷棿
Ժ󣬲ҵ𰸣ط˫ȫǰ
˫ȫʶҪǰطӵܿɲס˽Ųͷһ
Ϊط֣ճȭݵ˫ȫǰ
սԱжǰطϰ߶ͨ˵֡
˫ȫѾ뿪뿪˾Ӫ˿طȴڼӵڸ˫ȫսСУ˫ȫһֱڡ
ллӳ
˫ȫжţۣճȭطȭȻһ˫أȸлطܹμĻҲлطһԱ
ããҽط磬˫ȫֵܡ
ط罫ĿͶ֣ҽԼ
ã磬ҽ
סط֣ϵ˵Դ˫ȫ֮һֱ˵㣬ܸ˽ܹ㡣
Ļطھεͬˮһӿ֣ûпǸûб˫ȫ˫ȫʧȥһֱۡ
ΪöԣͷĵǸûκ壬ᾡܵذ˫ȫˡ
ӳƵѾˣ񴨴Ƶ꣬ԷĵطҲˣĻ꣬죬㿴ȥƵ꣬ȥԷ˫ȫʵ
ֱȥԷɣĻ°߷ˡ
طӦȻѵ˫ȫԼֵܲôƷѣͷӥסʲôģ㶼ùˣһᰲ˴
ǣӳ
ϰ߳Ȼ˫ȫʶķʽӦȻ־òףҪڣȴطüֹ
һппʼãǰͨȺв۵꣬Ķ
Ƕʲô֪˫ȫһĸԸ׷ԭ

ط鲻ȥƵ꣬ǰʱ򣬻Ǹ°߷ڣ㻨һСʱŵ
ΪĻ꣬λڷ·ΣȴǹɫĴźװޣ嵽ϸڶ͹񴨵ʷϢ
ӳһ̫ˣϴ绰Ԥᣬǰ̨˵ǰͽᶩˣֻܶûϵɣ
˫ȫطЩ˼˵
˫ȫôˣǵʱѹɡͷʱҲûⰡطû˵
˫ȫһΡ
ֱӱЦˡ
һΪطĻԼδľ̬Ϊ֣Դط絽֮ԼδǱ꺢ӣʲôҪʾط磬طΨǴӡ
ڴһλã͸Կĳˮ
֮˫ȫϰԵؽ˵ݸط磬طˣطֱӽ
һĻ˫ȫ뿪طˣ뵽ط֮ǰĻεЦЦתƻˣӳ׳˵μҵĻ񡣡
ǵ׳ˣҪúþһơطЦ˵
һĹҵþ˫ȫ˵
Ϊٽμ˫ȫĻ֪ܳǰŶô޴ѹҪΥ桢½ѵװķգֻΪԼµıġ
ط֪һУδ˵ǻ˫ȫ̫ѹֻ˫ȫơ
磬㿴Ҫʲôˣ
ʱ˲ˣ˵µݸط硣
ãԵľУʳطЦ˵
ǺðɡЦЦʣǷǺʲôƣ
˫ȫ𣿡ط˫ȫ
ӳû£úúȡ˫ȫͷҡͬ˹һ
ǾƿͷɣһװģһһƿͲˡطİ壬˵
õģ硣
˵ţڵ˵ƽҳͷѡƿ
һУƽԽԱȻ⿴ʲôͫ˲ŴɫҲһ䣡
Ȼط˫ȫ죬ǵһʱı仯ͬʱ⿴һŮ߹
еĴŽֺŮĸƤ´Ƥ㡢߸ЬʱжԸС
֮⣬طؿеǿһаɭЦݡ
֣طףʶǸ֮꣬й¡
жϳһ㣬طûпѯʲôûзƵġ
ͬʱ̵ָֻЦݣüĿ֮εĵǡ
ΪղŴӴ߹겻ǱˣļҹӸ
ص鷳
һƻ˫ȫطֵۣ˫ȫпְܻѵ
νʲôʲô
ġ尾ĵȴУǸƤµŮ߽˻꣬δֱ¥ȥᣬǾֱ
ৣ
һĻɫױˣŵıŵӡ
ôˣ𣿡
һΣط緢쳣˫ȫҲˣ¹ĵʵ
ӣСȻ㣡
Ȼ
ڻشߵǰЦ˵
һ̣ȫط˫ȫ˴ڣǾһ㿴




1769 ˭֪ߵغ
ΪڴҽԺڱܺãһ£ͬǼΪޣҲҽԺ˲Сۡ
ȻûЩۣ˸ջѡ
Ϊˣֱ֮ӹйеĲˬ
ط˫ȫˣȫˡ
һ棬ֻһССĻʿײСʲô
һ棬ϼźļ񴨵ĵλһǺߵģļȨӵܣͳͳ
Բһһ£ǲ֪δ¡
ط۾û֣ô¡
˫ȫ͵վŭĿ˭ʲô
ĸУ˵𣿡
ü˫ȫŭǽһ߸ϡ
δ򣡡
Ļ䣬ˣдŭ⡣
ΪԺգ֪ﲻԼ˫ȫֵײܹǵģҽԺ֮ûȥ֣Ҳûи˫ȫǽί̽ԼĬĬܡ
Ȼ
һŭ˫ȫȴˣ
δδ򣿺ǡ˵ҽԺңԭҪ˰
ԣһϷʵЦδҲδ̫˰ɡÿҲͰˣϻ˰̣һһ첲
ʲô
һ̡
Ļ˵꣬˫ȫ͵شӴڵǰһͷŭͻŭĿһɿµɱ⡣
˫ȫҪȰ
ʱط翪ֹ˫ȫ
ǡǣӳ
˫ȫϰԵȻ˵ǰʵ׷ʲô۸𣿡

ֹ
˫ȫ˵Լίֵ˫ȫִ֣ˣ˫ȫ޷ܵġ
ãҪκιǣ˵ʵ顣ұ֤û˿۸˫ȫ
ط翴ԥԼµڵʲô㿪ڸġ
ԣҪ£ҺͶӳ׷ʲô
˫ȫҲڸͣҪ˵طط粻ֻҪ۸ˣҲöԷԲ˶ߡ

ط˫ȫĻǰԻĸŹ췽ҹ̷Ƶģһֿ׳յĿ⿴ˡ
ԸͶͱȻָơ
ϼŵĸ߹ܣļҵĹӸ磬Ծļδ
֪뵱ļҼѣļɽ񶼡зһߡ
ҲͶͱ֮󣬷Ѿ˼뵱ߡԭ
һ޸Ǿʵȸ˵ķԾ
Ů顣
ϾУŮ¼޴ɡ
Ծ󲿷Ů˶ԣҪǼ޸һˣҲŮһͶʣԸıŮ˵ˣ
·һײ㡮˿꣬ζ޵ǰʴʡ
ط˫ȫֱǲ֪ߵغ
ô
Ҳһ¡
һ̣ǲǱˣðèҲǰ
ǺǡǺǺǡ
ݵ̲סЦЦ֮гż֮⣬̫߳ˣèҲҸҽˣ
̶Ļط磬˫ȫ޶ԡ
У˫ȫѾŭסȭͷط翪֮ǰʲô
ʶؽĿͶط硣
ط̩ɽӺ͹ܵĳָȾһ㣬еĵɢ
ǰʿȥһ˾
ĵĵ֮ڴ󵨵ؿˣίúܣҽ벡֮Ҹ飬Ҳͬ⣬ǿңҺܡ˦֣뿪˲
һصʿվʱ򣬻ʿңҽԺҴˣҺܣŪ
ʵϣΪļҵĹӸ磬ҽԺϼµĲҵԺҵ
ѹ̫ˣһڣһľȫ˵˳
Ϊ޿֣δҲûнƱʲô˫ֱ磬һϷģǸо·ڶط硢˫ȫ˵˵ģܽ
Ӧҡ
˫ȫδ޵ߣױŭǿǷŭɱ⣬ȿڰһ䣬ȻĿͶط磬ӳ
һ̣˫ȫֻ֣еսѾ죬ͷ·𵱳ʱطս
˫ȫ
ط˫ȫͼڣ󣬵ӹɡ
˫ȫһ㶣˵ʲô
Ȼ
Ļ˵ڣطվʵãʱֻץ㣿
ҡ֡
ȻطĻһȻʶش
ʲô
ͬʱʶʲô˿壬һϷʵؿط硣
ݵļҹӸ磬Ҳ䣬һڵߡ
ʵѧ粻Ҳһˡ

Ӧһƿ
طֶȻӳһץסһ
ꡪ
ĶϹӦϣ




1770 ѹ
ط۷ǿ߾ӵоǿߵսɱߺһֻһסԷӦĻᶼûС
˿̣ˡ
Ϊطĳٶʵ̫죬ȫκηӦֱϹŲһĵʹ

ҵʹһʶؿԼ֣첲ʾʮȽ۶ϣѪţѪӿһƬͨ졣

ŵĹȾѪ˲ɵˡ
ղţΪߵûпط֣Ϊͨ˵͸ˡ
һ̣ؿȾѪΪʹŤӣȫһɻռݣʲô
ΧЩò͵ĿˡԱͬӿһɻ
ǸղŶط˵ĶԻ֮ǱĲҽ
㡭ߣ
ݵľָ˼ǣǿʹĿԼȾѪŲɴ۾ط磬ʵ
ʵϣʳ仰ͬʱѾ˴𰸡
ǰͬײһĴڣһλߣʵԶԼ֮ϣ
򣬶ԷԼ޲ǰ£Լ
ҵþϹǸϴҵýܣµΪֹ͵ļ彫ΪΪ޷Ĵۣ
ط翪ڣʣӹɡ
֣طħצĽѵ
ϹǸطߵǷǡȨ˽ҽԺ˵Ľѵ
ΪĸӰǹڳϣֻţطûº֣ͲǶôˡ
طĻȾѪ˫ȫеŭɢ˴룬ɿյȭͷסԼδ

ųOͣױˡ
𾪣ΪħðضѣҲΪطĻ
Ůе𾪱ԣй֮޲
Ҫ֪
񶼣Ȼ˸Ҵһֻ֣ҪϹǸ
һ̣ŵŮЩ
١Լм书ͿΪΪˣ
ŵŮͬжϳطߣҲ֪ͨո˵󣬲ϲ׵ĸȨѹȣЦ֪˭𣿡
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪Ƕûκ塣طޱ顣
ȨӵܣȺλ̫ͽֹһγԼλΪؼҴٵǶ⣡
ѧţеѧţֶֻвȫءǿˣ
õںô
οطӣԼֵܵδޱ۸¶ԷӣҲҪ㣡
ò˵ⱲӼˡȷ㣬ҽļҵĺĿǰϼְҧгݵ˵
˻
Ļ£Χһ
ļҡ
ϼš
񶼲˵˲֪˲ΪƸĴʡ
ļҵĺ˴ˣҪ˱ŵǸΧȺ˵𺳿֪
Ǹˣ
֮࣬ΧЩоӿֳͷطĿͬ顣
ǿһĶֵϣļҺүûʲô
ǣŵŮҲͬ뷨
˵ΧЩֻ˵ļҵͲƸ֪һ覴ñرĺˡ
ط²ҲҪУ
Ա֮󣬲ر壬˫߬һ𣬲͵ǵٴγϣͬʱĿͶط硣
طĻԺ˲ĳѧءǿѧļңƽ
ôŵ𣿡
ۿط粻˵һЦЦúɭѾǸδطˣ
ҵĲãþ찴֮ǰ˵ȥ
طٴδʣ档

ٴطĻŵŮΧĿ˺ͷԱٴαĿɿڴͬʱٴαһռݣ˭
ûд𰸡
ǿЩȨӵܡдеĺҲط
޷طҪţƵʲô̶ȣŸ
Ҳһ¡
Ψ˫ȫƽ
Ȼ֪ط飬Ҳ˵һЩͬʱ֪ط硣
˵һ
Ƕѣǵˣ
㡭
ŭӣһʱЩ⳹Ťɭ֣ڸһĻᡪԶһֻ֣¸ҿʮͷϴҿ߳񶼡
ž
ꡪ
Ȼ
һΣĻ˵꣬һĶ
طһӣȧֱӶѣѪƵתȦһͷԵڵϡ
һƣطȻղųʱһδھһҲܹܵġ
ö䷢ˣ۷ڣԴ£ࡣ
ͻһĻٴ˳˫ȫ֮ˣǷ׷׵ɴ۾Ŵͣŵزͬһֵľ
˭ѹˣ
Ĵطٴ
£ط縩һץסĲӣȻһһȥ
һ
Ŀ֮£طߵſڣȻǶһ㣬ֱӽ˳ȥ
ɲǼ䡣
һƬţ




1771 ޾屨
ÿ£ںһ
˵ĿⶼطϣϳŲ̶ͬȵľ
Ϊͨ˵ǣܣطħðطϵһֻ֣һƽ鷭ڵأȻǶһ⣬ǵһμ
⡭ǲС𺳣
ң֮ļҺ
һעӵĿ⣬һųžӣطɫƽֱصԼλϣǸо·ʲôԼҲûƵģǵԷġ
ણણણ
ۿطŵŮξѣ첽ſڣϸĸ߸ѥڵذϣ
Ҳ̫ţ˰ɣ
ǰһƽ˳鷭ĵӰ𣿡
֮˵ļҹӸ磬Ҳ֪Ǽ٣
ļҹӸ磬ǴǸһ군ˣ

ͬʱΧЩò͵Ŀ˴ӾлعѹǸо±طͬʱĿʱʱػɨط硣
ط粢δΧ˵ĿۣҲûʲô
Ϊ֪ղһУԵ˵ž޴ĳ
Ҫһʱȥָܻȶ
ſڣͬһڵϡ
ΪطһȻ׼ؿȻˣһ·ߣ꣬Դ˿̻ڷΡ
ңʹԣĽϱݺݼ̤Խܣ
ΪļҹӸ磬񴨺ߵģһ۸ˣʲôʱ۸
ҹĻ£һµڵգȥڻ
ġ٣û°ɣ
ӻлعŵŮ꣬һ߳һ߽ʵ
£Ů嵽ԣʶȥƫһץסѵ

ʱͬɱʱһʹİҲӻоѡ
ԡԲ١
ŵŮŻˣæɿĸ첲
ҧгݵվȻŭŸʲôȥѳȥҽԺ
áã
ŮʶصͷȻ첽ͣ
֮ǰֽ֮ͣԿ׸װ˰
͸ݺݵؿط硢˫ȫڵķλк޵޲ȥʬΣйͷ֮ޡ
Ȼ
룬ȥҽԺơ
ڱ
鵽˫ȫסСӹҼһ򵥣һ˵ļҵȨƣطӳҲ޼£
طܹܵĿ⣬û⣬ʼı仯
ͬطжϵһ֮ƽ
ãղҿЩݣԶ˱úݡ
طı仯˵
š
ЩãȻص˵ͷ
ΪڳԶӳ·Ǽһ϶Ҫųȥ˫ȫ״ֲһ䡣

ͫ׷Ŵط˫ȫһУԵԣİ
طֹ˫ȫ˽׺ݡѪȵһ档
硭磬ϼǸϼŵĸ߹ܣһϼŶ³ӡ
ãȻ뵽ݣЩǡ
ûϵ֮ǰ˵ʲôˣҲ۸㡣
ط΢΢һЦ֪㵣ᱨǡİɣұ֤νϼ޷˵˫ȫ
ллл硣
طĻطǿʵŵЦݣȻ֪طĵʲôеĵʧ󿪿طʾл
ãԼ֮䲻л
طЦҡҡͷȻ뵽һ£ٴοڵ⣬㹤飬Ҳصġͷ취㰲ŵ񶼵ľҽԺȥ
硭
ԣһȻʶҪܾ
ãҪᣬߺš
طЦЦһרҵˮƽȫԴﵽҽԺı׼˫ȫ񶼾ı뿪񶼾֮ڻսӷۣΪ˱๦ۣͣǹ֮Ӣۣ֯Ӧϵ⡣
һΣû˵ʲô۾һȵؿ˫ȫд˺棬Ǹоǵһʶ˫ȫƵġ
Ϊ˫ȫûи˵Щû˵սԱ
ң˫ȫҲû˵ùȥ֯Ҫһݹֻᵽطĸ301ҽԺҽҲΪҵ
áΪЩû˵
˫ȫЩΣæ͵
ЦЦû˵ʲôطܹп˷뽾
ȻΪԼδе
Ȼ
֪ǣǿʼ

󣬷Ա׶񴨻ľŹ񣬸ֲҲ½ˡ
ڴ˹УԱ͵طüأǸоطϳ˻Ƶġ
ʵϣഺڵŮԱֻ뿴ҽļҹӸڽĦˣ׳ʲô
Сʱط˫ȫ˽òͣ뿪˻ꡣ
⣬û򱨸Ƚطͻ񴨴Ƶꡣ
˫ȫʲô¸Ҵ绰³ǰط˫ȫļ
Ȼ֪˫ȫڵʵսĻ۵ɱ飬ʦ򲻻Σգǿһ䡣
ǣӳ
˫ȫط֮һʱӦķʽ
ãǽȥϢȥ·طк
õģ硣ЦŻӦ
ˡˡ
ͬʱطֻʾµĵ绰ûͨ³˫ȫ˻ָ󣬲Žͨ绰
ҵнˡϼļҵĲҵǼŶ³ӡϼһʽҵģܴ󣬲鲼ȫһйóףʲǧ֮ϡ⣬Ըңϼѧļ׼ĲҵҪΪѧ񡭡
绰ͨ·ɿػ㱨
Ȼļйϵ
ط˵ţ΢΢۾
ΪļΪ˺ѧҫɴӦսձ̵ǿˣļҼΪ˲طļҵӡ󲻴ļҳΪС
ļҪΪ鱨Ļ޾ϡصѧһս




1772 񶾵ıƻ
Ͼŵ㣬ҽԺһ
ٴס
׼ȷ˵ҽΪ֮󣬽͵˲
ڲϣϡƶ˴
˿̣ϰɴס˰Ĺͷͨˣʯ̶ű
ΪҩԵʣûѹ
ݼĸŮڴţҽԺԺǿڣĿȺ
ڵ֪֮󣬱һʱϵҽԺǿΪĽӹ
ԼĪʮӺ˫ۡ
٣ˣ
ݼһֱڿ֮󣬾ϲվ
ûлشıЩ㱣ʶδѡ
ݼʶһ㣬ǵı鲻ٻ㱺󣬲ٴοڵ٣ҽԺԺǶ桭
ֻ
ڣݼĻ
õģ١
ݼɿشƤͳֻݸڼ䣬ֻܹΡ
֮ǰֻװ
ԣû֨ǽӹֻ沿ʶȻ㿪δ磬һ绰ز
ĸ硭
ܿ죬绰ͨͲдһʮ
飬𣿡ֱӴϣʵ
ĸ磬ȫˡҽԺʿһ˫ȫס԰Ǹδ۾ˣǶҲǵ·ǽʢƵٰ񡭡绰ͷˣɿ˵
ϼ֣ȥ԰Сſͷٴδϣӹɡ
õģĸ硣Ҫүү𣿡
绰ͷˣǴӦȻһ䡣
ϼŵıͬʱҲǰļˡ
ĸѧļҼ껵ͽܣǻʦذ껵ļ׵ļѩɣЭѩϼŴһЩɱɱ顣
Ϊһϵļ׵ļλͣҴСһ𳤴˹ϵܺá
֮ǰ֪飬һӦ𾪣ڶӦǷŭӦǱֱӸȥ𣬽Ҫȴơ
ôܸүү˵Լͺˣ
һ䣬ȻֱӹҶ˵绰
˵Ϊͼı𣬶ѹˣүүѩ֪ΪԸˣҲѵ
ͨһѰεҺͷݼ͵԰ȻԼ򳵻ؼҡ
٣㡭
ݼ˸ղŵ֪ͨҪȥˣֱӰεͷЩȻ
顭
ݼĻ˵ڣűˡ

ڣݼǽĻ˶
٣㡭ǣ
ҽԺԺ˽뷿䣬˵ˣεͷѾ˴¾ͣ˽Ų
Ҫȥ¡
ɫػһ䣬Ȼʵס֮ǰĻ˵鲻ҪţҲҪŻ㱨
áã
ҽԺԺʶصͷ
ٷϻֱӴݼ뿪˲
˵֮󣬲ҪסԺƣΪ˱˿ڸȾָ壬ȵò˲ŻԺ
ҪԺкܴյģ
ԺԺҽ黹Ǹ㱨һһٳʲô⣬οȫǵġ
ݼ뿪֮󣬹ǿԥһ˵
š
ҽԺԺԣһ£Ϊ
Ȼ֪ҪȥʲôӣµҪȥ
һ˶ּпܻǣƣɲȵĺ
һԶ֣˿ҲкܴʻᱻȾġ
ȾĻǵӰƻָΣ
Σ͹ǿҽԺе

֪һУݼ뿪סԺ¥ݼֱ԰Сȥ
ʮӺݼ԰СſڣȻ󽫳ͣСһͣϡ
˹˹Ӱͣ£һ󺺣һŵƵı۴G¡
һĿ࣬˱ըԵ
ǵ֫ͨҪһЩǽڱĥƽǳȭġ
Ƕߣѽ书˰ڣ󺺶길׵İͽܣʵڰڡڲȡ
˹˹Ӱݼˣˡ
áõģ٣һͷ绰
ݼɵػһ䣬Ȼ³Щ뿪
ĸ磬Ϊȷһʧҽ˴ˡ
ԣӳ£ȿڵ
ˡ
ͷµꡣ
٣
ͬʱ󺺷׷Ϲ
Ȼǲѧ竣ļҵѪҺݸ߹ÿμ涼ṧ
³֮Ҳǵģ΢΢ף³ŵ
󺺷׷ǰһ
ΪߣҪҩʵ󣬶һмҪǮͷʵܽ
Ƕ֪׿
ĸ磬ô죿ʵ
ֱӽǵסǸ˵ȣȰȻǸŮģʴǸֵϢǸִһι㣡
ɭ˵Լļƻ
ƻȴ˫ȫ˫ȣȻ˫ȫ·˫ȫ棬ݺݵشݲطɱι㣡
ƻ



1773 
ҹʮ԰Сľ󲿷סﶼŵƹ⡣
ʱķչ˯ʱԽԽˣƶֻ֮Ϊ˯ǰ飬Ҿͷ˯ʱѹ˼ȶ˯ʱ䡣
˫ȫû˯ûֻǴ˯£ڴ졣
˵ǰ񶼾ı𣿡
˫ȫļͷ뵽طڳԷʱ˵̲סʵ
ţֻҪ֧ӵսʿǸصı
˫ȫͷطѾ˵һ㣬ҲûıҪˣֱ˵ʵ顣
ǻءֲӣĳԱǴӸ󲿶ѡģǸӡĵս֮
սСļ⵶սԱĳԱѡǱеı
ǷΪǵĶӳǲǸԣױ˺ģٴʵ
ǵȻӳ֧ӵĻ꣬ǵҲĽȫսԱеǿߣ
˫ȫһԺ֮⣬һ˵ӳȫ֮ǿģ
ô
Ŵ͡
ȻսԱ߲˽⣬˫ȫĻлꡢۣ˫ȫһԺģһֱ۵ĸطֵгưȫ
ӳһ棬ȤĻҿԸ㽲¼֤۽磡˫ȫЦ˵
ȶԣҸ¼ҽ¼¡ΪǲҲǲӰеһһNɻǱͧܣգŴ۾Цʵ
ҿûЩӰ
˫ȫһǫ飬ûнԼ¼
ΪһϲԴ޵ˣԼŮǰԼжôǿ
ΪҪǣ¼ִ񣬶Ҫϸܵģڹһܣһ⴫ΥᱻϾ·ͥ
£˫ȫ뵽طԷʱ˵Ĳܵ˺һ֣һֱ磬ĵҿԱһӲᱻ۸
𣿡
ʱЦˣͬʱϲڴؿ˫ȫ
Ȼ
һΣûеȵ˫ȫĻش𣬶ǿ˫ȫͻȻüͷ
ôˣ
˫ȫ쳣ʵ
ҳȥһˣܿ
˫ȫֱ´Ьû㳯ȥ߳ҵʱֲһ䣬˭ţ㶼Ҫš
ǲˣ
ɫһ䣬뵽ϳԷʱ飬ͬʱͨ˫ȫĻʶʲô
š
˫ȫͷղˣȻҵĽŲжϳ˲ֹһ
˫˫ȫСģǵ˵
İɣҿǱء
˫ȫɵ˵Ȼת
תɲǣϵЦݣʧӰ٣ȡ֮һĮҲ˿µɱ⡣
ܿ죬˫ȫɱ⣬ѹͽŲȻϢǰ͸èۣȻº󺺳ſڡ
ֻһۣ˫ȫ㿴º󺺶ӣͫ΢΢һ

ʱһ塣
֮ǰ㰲źõģ壬ðҵԱˮ©ˮ⡣
壬ǵЦͬĺ⣬ԣǸо·ѾŴ򿪣һŽ˫ȫ߽ĳˡ

һ̣º󺺵ĵȴУͬԤеһˡ

ŵĴҲͬԤϵһֱһ߳˫ȫ
飡
꣡
ԤеײͶϹҲ֮
Ȼ
ûп˫ȫһ߷ɵĳ
˫ȫڿŵ˲䣬˰벽Ȼһֱһ߳󺺶һš
󺺵סϥǹؽӦϣȻ߷ɵһ㣬ֱӵɶ
·ͻȻӾ̫λ󺺣ѹûзӦֱӱɵĴײ˸š
ǶǰߣһײὫײڵأˡ
ͨ
ײ󣬳󺺺ȻأסϥѱѪȾ죬ʹ𾪡
ʹ࣬ΪϹǵʹ
𾪣ΪΪߵȻԷһ߶ȣ
𾪵ĲֵĴ󺺣󺺣Ҳһ
ǵɴ۾ϵصĴ󺺺Ͷ۵˫ȫǸо·ʣôܣ
飡
Ӧǵһ졣
˫ȫһֹϷš
𣿡
˫ȫضˣͬһѳʵľɱ죡




1774 ȫ̷
ڱж֮ǰº󺺣ûн˫ȫ¡
Ϊյϣ˫ȫֻһˣһǶۣ
ǽ˫ȫɱСС
ط磬Ҳû̫ϣֻǾñԼǿһЩѣǰߣǰڣ֮Уһ˶Ū
˫ȫһһ߶󺺵ȡ
Ҫ֪Ѿ书˰ڣʵڶұǿƤڵĴҲ˲١
һУ𺳲ѣ
𣿡
˫ȫĻ˫ȫĿֲɱ⣬оǳһɻ
٣С£˺ֵ
ݵľƤڵĴȻع񣬳˵

Ȼ
ƤڵĴ󺺿ڵͬʱ˫ȫˣѡ
һǰӻһӰΪһֵնƤڵĴ󺺡
졢׼ݡ
һ˫ȫսľ跢ӵ쾡£һֲҳּΪѸͣͬʱ߶ھ
Σգ
ƤڵĴ󺺣һܵǰδеΣֻƾսֵۣ˫ȫֵ
ͬʱҲʶΣգԼͬض˫ȫһһ˫ȫһһȭ˫ȫԴͼ˫ȫͶƤڴ󺺵Ĺ
˫ȫĻǱɽ˻Ὣ˫ȫشɱ
ǵ뷨ܺãӦҲ㹻ݣ˰ġ
飡
˫ȫ䣬һֵնƤڴ󺺵ֱֻۣꡱһߵֱֱӦϣͬʱӱ˫ȫƼֱѡ
ۡ
ѪɽƤڵĴ󺺳ʹˡ
˫ȫƵȻ׵ҽųŵأ̧ϥ͹𼦶
飡
ߵĴ󺺣һ˫ȫϥǣֻߵһȵ֮ϣ洫һǰľʹӲܿƵغˡ
һ󺺣ӳȭͷ˫ȫͷӹ
ʱ˫ȫͬһĴȻֱ͵ײһ󺺡
˼ɽ
飡
ꡪ
͹ͷѵͬʱ
һ󺺱˫ȫֱײɣǰ߹Ǵѣײں󷽵ǽϣӦأһ𣬲ֹѪӿ
һײ˫ȫײ߹ǣصˣ
һشˣ˫ȫͣͬһֻݵԱٴƤڵĴ󺺡
㲡Ҫ
ΪһԱ˫ȫŷḻɱ飬֪ʨӲҲҪȫĵȫκλᡣ
ƤڵĴ󺺣ղű˫ȫһֵնֱۣӣѪй޷ӳӦеս
֮⣬˫ȫ͵ı֣ȫѹˣƤڴгžš
һ£ܵס˫ȫȴһ
꣡
һϹƤڵĴ󺺣˫ȫһϥǣϥ˲ѣȻأʧȥս

ͬʱ˫ȫһڸղһǰֵ϶£ٴն
飡
ֻǰڣղһ˫ȫϥǣýŹѿӿʦֵĲ³˵
˿̣˫ȫһûκηӦֱӱ˫ȫֵն˼
꣡
󺺵ҼιӦ飬ݣѪģӺȻء
ˣ󺺳ʧȥսͬʰĶȮڵϣɪɪ˫ȫĿſ־塣
Ǳ۵˫ȫĿֲսˣͬʱĽὫСͣ
־ĲǣݿڣȻ
ƹ£ǵɴ۾ؿ˫ȫǸо·ʣˣôǿֵز
ûд𰸡
Ȼгǧȥһ㣬ղһУǣ˫ȫڶ̶̼֮ڣںʧȥսͬһڵϣ
һֻ̣ǰǸԭͬһڵĶ꣬ͻȻ֮Ե񣬴ͷһ󷢺Ǵһ㣬϶¡
⡭ǿ־嵽µı֣
־֮УʶȥԵĵݰťͼ˵ߡ
һ𣿡
˫ȫһ£ѳǰ

Ӧȴ޷߽ݣǵɴ۾Ǽһ㣬ֵؿŽߵ˫ȫ
ҡļˣѧļͬһ
ʱξѣʶؿڣͼļҵͷ˫ȫ˫ȫҶ֡
飡
Ȼ
Ļ˵꣬һ촫ĻȻֹ
˫ȫ˵һ߶µҽס
~
²ҽһֱӵ˵ϣһ鴤
˫ȫһ̵£ٴνĿͶ
㡭ʲô
˫ȫǱĿ⣬ֻǱһͷײе޶Ƶģзëʶʵ
ž
ӦһĶ
˫ȫһƳ鷭ڵأͬһֱݣѪģ

ҽһʶһѪͬʱеһĵʹ
һУеĿ־巴ʧˣһԹֲض˫ȫһһ䡭Ȼ书ǿҲֻǱǿԣļǻѧϡءǿļ壡ɱǣ㣬δ޶Ҫ
˫ȫüͷ΢΢һ
һΣûм֣Ǵ˯¿ڴóֻͨطĵ绰
ӳǸ˼˵ҼңҺ֣ҽʰˡ
绰ͨ˫ȫطԼػ㱨˸ղһУȻ⣬Ǹ˵ļǻѧϡءǿļ塭
˫ȫ㽫ҵĶλңϹȥ
˫ȫĻ˵꣬طϣǸвνļң㲻صġѻѧ췭ظҲһ




1775 ֶ
˫ȫط֮ͨԼҵĶλط磬ͬʱؿĵֻ
ղţ˫ȫ绰Ļᣬ͵͵Լĸ׷һȵϢ
˫ȫµһ㣬δǰʲôԷѾϢȥֹѾûˡ
ΪҪǣԼδڷſڡ
ʵȷˡ
˫ȫ֮һʱ´嵽ſڣȻ͸èۣһС
Ϊ˫ȫ֮ڶ̶̼֮ڴݿش󺺣ûпֻ̣ͬһڵϡ
֮⣬˫ȫһ߷£һƳ鷭
ȻѾ֪ԼδһǽǴС𶯡
Ұɣû¡
˫ȫصǰܹͨèۣδϵ𾪺͵ǣ˵
ǡأ
˫ȫĻξѣʶʵ
ȶӳӳҪ˫ȫ˵
áãעⰲȫ
黹û꣬һܻᱨ֪ΪΣ˫ȫ˵طҪ֮еĵ˲ʧˡ
˫ȫȻ
ԭ˫ȫºв֪ļǻѧءϺǿļ֮Щĵģط֮ͨǷݵҲʧˡ
Ȼ֪ļҵǿ󵽺ֵزҲ֪طôطĻΡ
ͬطսԱսʱһ
ǶԣطĻҲһ
ǴӲɣ
˵Ҹˣÿ
ͬʱЦѡ
Ȼ֪Ϊ˵˫ȫΪֵ죬Ҳ֪˫ȫеĶӳǺηʥ֪ѧļҼ껵ͽܣѾ书˻ڣн޵еĴڣ
ͬʱ񶼸һ
µĸʤֻԼӷϢףҺ԰8¥2Ԫ6¥˴ˣΣգǣ
ৣ
ŵ֮ʤɫʱͱˡ
ΪڵѧʦӵһŴ࣬־ᶨҲϢòᡣ
һ棬ΪϢ¡ͽܱˣһΣգ
һ棬Ϊ޷񶼣ķеʵļҽа塣
𾪹ʤԥһ£ûвͨµĵ绰
ΪǸûѡ绰Ϊ±Է֡
ңԿ϶µԣȻǰļҵͷûŵԷֻʱס
һ£ͨʤĵ绰öԷӵ绰Ҳ޷Է塣
Щͷ֮ʤһ߳űȥһ߲ͨϼŶ³ѩɵĵ绰
ʤôҴ绰Ƿʲô𣿡
绰ͨΪļһѩȿʵ֮гɻ
Ϊʤ뿪ļأΪϼűݻ֮󣬵һôѩɴ绰
ܣղС¸ҷһϢ
ʤǽ¸ղŷϢѩɻ㱨
ʲʲô
绰ͷѩԣɫʱһ䣬ôǰվ
ܣΪ˱ݾߣûиС»ص绰̸·أȻŪ࣬ٸص绰ʤɿ˵ԼĴ㡣
á
ٴʤĻѩΪʤİźûָʾ
ѩڹҶϵ绰̶֮üźͼ鱨ʼ顣
һߣʤڹҶϵ绰֮һS600ӹɵĿǵٶȸϵ԰С
ǣʦ
˾Ѹʤİͽܣ˸ʤ֮⣬Ҳڸʤ䡣
£˾ɿؼʻʻ˱ٸ԰С
Сʱ󣬱S600ͬһͷĸޣ嵽԰Сſڡ

һɲ̥漤Ħһĳӡ
ͣȣʤ˾³Ϊţƿ³ȻһΣͬһӰֱСš
ͻһĻű۽γֻһӹͷһȴʲôûп
ʤѾС
ţ
ͬʱ֮⣬طһ⳵ǰɲıS600ҲؿʤдڳС
һУطжϳʤݡļң
ͣ
طж̶֮˾˵
ʦʦûأǰǡ
⳵˾ЩƵ˵
顪
Ȼȳ⳵˾Ļ˵ڣ㱻һϡ
طλһٿǮֱ˳ֹ˳ţֹ⳵ſŻᷢͨ¹ʡ

ͻһĻó⳵˾̲ɲһı顣
λµһٿǮɸղһˡ
֮ͣʶɨܣﻹطӰӣ
ط³ֱ֮԰Сš
һ̣ٶȷӵ˼£ҹĻӰû£ֻһƿ
ֶ룡
Ϊͨʤ³֮٣жϳʤǻʦ
˫ȫ޷⻯ʦ
ܿģطС¥ţͨҵţȻ룬ſڣȻֵѾС
ţ
طͫ΢΢֪ʤѾǰ¥ˣһ嵽ͨǰһţȻ¥ݣѸ¥
ͬʱֹͣУ¥ͣ¡

һ죬Ŵ򿪡
ʤӵ߳




1776 С
ৡ
һ˲䣬º󺺣˫ȫԼͬؽĿͶ˵ţȻʤӵ߳
֣˫ȫͫ˲Σյæ״
֮෴º󺺵ͫ˲Ŵ󣬶ϵĿֻšǵȻ޴棬ȡ֮Ǽ˷ܡǵľǵˣ
ʤ߳ݣһ۱㽫ֳ۵ףɫ˲Щµɱ˲ӿ֡
ȻͨµĶţ֪ºԼλͽܶˣ˵س̶ȻȫԤ
㶯֣
ʤ㽫ĿºŲͶ˫ȫɭ
ǡ
˫ȫܹܵʤǿֲûֱʤػش
֣һȣҲˣٻݣﲻˡɱ
˫ȫĻ䣬±
һ̣ްǰĿֻţǳűЦݣ˫ȫĿͷ·ڿһʬ塣
ʦֱ
Ҳˣ޲̿˫ȫ
ߣһߣҲҰļҵ˶֣ǲ֪ôд
ºĻʤͬɽ緢һ㣬ױɭµɱ⡣
ѵ֪ΪʲôᷢһУ
˫ȫüͷڡ
ǲҪҪǣעҪۣ
ʤ˵ţ˫ȫνǰԵ
Ȼ֪һΪλ˫ȫͻѾҪˡ¼˵ĲƣѾû˼ȥѯȥˣҪֱӶ֣
⣡
˫ȫͷһɫأеϢ

ʱŴˣŶ
ৣ
˫ȫɫһ䣬ͼڣȥ
Ȼ
˫ȫڣηվ˫ȫԣŭضʤ㡭ǻ
ǸײƶĹأʦеĴŮڣ
Ӧɭ޼ɵ

Ļ䣬һŭ
ŭӰ֡
¥ط磬һײ¥ţ˵
ৡ
ȻطĻ˶ԼͬؽĿͶ¥ſڣȻط硣
ţ
ط֮˫ȫǽ˲鲻ء
Ȼ֪ʤжǿţʤԲطĶ֣
硭
ط磬Ҳһϲ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡪡壬ҲҪŹ֮ǰҲҶˣ
ͬʱط磬ֱӴĻǸоͷ·𼢿ʵĴ󺺣˷ŵĹѸǽһ
Ȼ
֮ͬǰһûеõʤĻӦ
ɻʶؽĿͶʤ
һ̡
ؿ֮ǰһʤ˿СؿͻȻֵط磬ǴƵģܿƵɪɪ
ʤڵϵº󺺣һ̣Ҳǵɴ۾ϳľ֣
˵Ӱ
ǶѧˣطĴ׹֪طĺܶഫ˵¼ǼطƬ
˿̣Ƕϳط磡
ʦôˣ
ʤ¸Ӻп־嵽µͬʱԣٴοʵ
ءشʦԲҲ֪ѡ
һΣʤˡ
ûлӦǵһʱ䱧ȭطϹؽͣЩ
ʲô
ʤĻʤǱƵӣˡ
ԭΪطĵеԲȥطˣ³Թһ˽ᣡ
ʤط󣬲һ֣ҾϹǸ
ءشʦ
ѵǴ˵еط磿
ݵķ¹һȻ뵽ʲô
Ϊļ׼еһԱûнѧһ;ǽܺŵġӢʽҪھ̷棬ѧ鲻Ǻܹġ
ҲΪһ㣬ʤº󺺲ͬûмطƬ
֮ǰڻʱ򣬸ʮӣҲҹȥ鷳
˵طĴ
Ϊˣʤ췴ӦеЩ¹Ȼһеͷ

ž
ӦһĶ
ط粻ʤĻ˵ڣһΣƾճʤǰһƳʤϡ
һƣط纬ŭ֣ٶȼ죬ӵлʵʤûκηӦ
䡪
ʤ˲ɣݺݵײȵǽϣµֱӽǽϵĴשײ÷顣
ͨ
ʤӦأͬһѪģͬһһ

һĻԲ۾
Ϊطʵжҿеɻ󡪡ټĻģصܹ꣬һƽʤɵģ˴˵еط֮⣬ˣ
⣡
ͬʱº󺺣ͷٴξҳ鴤
һ̣еĿ־壬Զ֮ǰ˫ȫ̷ʱطĿͷ·ڿүǶ֪طǺεȵǿǿƣ
ءشʦ뿴ļҵϣһ棬һ·
֪طݣº󺺿־嵽µͬʱΪļҼ״ӡӵлʵʤǿϵƣٴطϹġ
º󺺣ֻ֪طǿǿƣʤȴ֪طԻѧζʲô
ţҲӢۣδ




1777 
ʤĻ£º󺺣ס۰Ͱ͵ؿط磬ǸоﷸڵȴٵУŶ־塣
ļ˾Ϳˣļ˾Ϳӷɺͻ֯Ĺ涨
ʤģطʣͳ
ϵ˫ȫɣҲħצŮҵ顣

ʤ죬ȴ֪λش
һԵһľ
ղţطû֮ǰŭʤ˲عһ˵͹ǸײƶĹأ
˿̣طĻڻػҲһĶϣġС
شʦһθĹµĻᣡ
ݵĳĬʤٴοˣӼʾʮ·ַʽڡ
Ҹˣûϧ
طޱػص
ղ¥ʱ˵ſŵûֹ̿Ҳû뿪ͷԼǿϢĿֻһ뿴ļ˻δ
ļұļһӣļֱӽ˴ߣµΪֹ
ΪļҼ껣̩أսѧ磬ƻġʢڤʦ޵ʦ˺ͦǿƻأ˻ѧҫ
ڲǰձ̵ǿսѧ磬ҲļҵǿȥӦս
һսȻˣ֤ļϵģԸΪ
ʤղŲףȥδһ䣬ֱҪ˫ȫ֣
ԴˣطȻưոݡ

ʤԣٴһʶʲôɫ˲òҰףüĿ֮Űûڡ
Ȼط֮ΪԼղײ̤ɺͻ֯Ĺеûڣ
û֮࣬Ҳʮֻֿš
ΪؼǵãطȺɱһѧҼʵҲѧҾҸ
Ȼľڣطھս͸죬еѧźǿߣֶֻ
ʤԼһ˻ḰЩ˵ĺ󳾣
ֻŵĲʤºȻ
ǿټĻѧ磬Ҳļӵˣָطһ
ͬʱطûٷϻֱӲͨ˻֯񴨸˵ĵ绰
·ϴĵ绰룬Ҳô
ιãλ
绰ܿͨͲдһʮ
ãŻ᳤ط硣طԱš
ãشʦ
绰ͷΪ֯񴨸˵˳طֺ˺üӣſڻӦ
һ棬طڻѧʵ̫ˣ˳Ѷط׹
һ棬˳طͻȻϵԼеȡ
Ż᳤Ҹ绰㱨һ¡ط˵绰Ŀģʮֿ
شʦ˵
˳ӿݡ
׿طΪѧһв̸ط粻ʮ꣬ӵоǿߵսҿԻɱǿеİ˻֯ͻѧͽ׺Щֵ˳ȥأ
߹ȻΥͼ̤֯涨ҵֵܳ֡طֱ
˭˳ʵ
ļҵˡط˵
ĸļң
˳ͷһµѧļңһ
ѧļҡ
ط𰸣֪ʤļңѧļңļչѧļҵһ֧Ϊѧļҷģ˵Ҳû⡣
⣡
Ȼ˳жϣطȷϣͷһ
ļңԭҡ
ǻѧϡغǿѧҲǻѧ˸ǵ
Ϊѧ̫ǿΪףֻҪ˲ͱ¨ӣ֯ȥ顣
ļҵǵطͷϣط罫绰˳˳֯ԣһֵ飡
شʦô£
Ӻ˳סԼԵƽһЩеȫ޷Ρ
Ż᳤ġ
طҪؽȥ˳ȻӹɵĿʵϣŻ᳤ܹ֯£
õģشʦ
˳Ӧ
ȻԣļһȻǣǸطӲǡ
οط˵˵ļΥ棡
˳Ļشط粻ٷϻֱӹҶ˵绰Ȼޱʤ˵ûҵǲ뿪һõȵ֯˵Դǣ
áõģشʦ
ʤӦ
˫ȫߣǽȥÿǵ·
طջĿ⣬˫ȫ˵
ǣӳ
õģ硣
˫ȫͬʱӦ
У˫ȫԵЩ
طĳŵ֪طҪԸϵ󣬼طԴ⣬֮ǰһʤطǰΡΡ־ģǸеʮּ
ѰԸ׷ط·ϣһ
ط˽֮ʤûҶҵҲȻ˼֡
ԭǵطѪ¡ɱ䣬Ǽ·
ط罻֯ǷĲ١
һ棬ٿԱסǵ
һ棬ļڻѧλȻ֯ļҵϣҲᴦ
·Ϊӡ֤ǵжƵģΪ֯񴨸˵˳Ҷϵ绰֮ûţ֪ͨ֯˸˼һ£Ȳͨѩɵĵ绰ѩɵ˼Ȼѩɵ˼㱨ָʾȡж
ܱѷ
뵽˳ֱӲͨϼŶ³ѩɵĵ绰
Ż᳤ôҴ绰𣿡
ļұѩɺܿͨ˵绰ȿʵ֮дɻ󣬻в
Ϊʤǰ·֮δص磬Ҳûͨļҵ鱨ֻ֪࣬ǵ֪ʱ˴ˣȥҽԺơ
ܣ̯ϴˣ
˳żɽֱӵҪԡ


1778 ̬ǿӲ
⣡
ԭѩоΪͻȻ˳Ļͷһ𣬽ŵֱס˺Ż᳤ʲôˣ
ܣѵһ㶼֪飿˳ʡ
ҸղŽӵϢ֪类˴ˣǴ˿԰˿ˣΣաѩ˵Լ֪һС
֪еԭ𣿡˳ʡ
֪
ѩӦȻȲʵŻ᳤ͲҪˣҰɣ׷ʲô
ܣҸղŽӵطĵ绰
˳һ˵ǣҪѩࡣ
Ȼ
˳Ļ˵ڣѩɱ㾪ûһ£ֱӿڴϣط磿Ǹɱͻ׺ط𣿡

˳ȷһ㣬ͬʱѩɵķӦûиеȡ
Ͼط磬ڻѧȫѧʵ̫ˣνɱɱս޲ʤ
֮ǰѩ̯ϴˣ˿ἰط磬ֻҪѩԴûˮȻ뵽طйء
Ż᳤˼ǣӵºطйϵ
Ȼѩ𾪹󣬱ֱ֤һ㡣
ǵģܣҰطڵ绰ҵת㡭
˳ٷϻֱӽط֮ǰ˵һУһһʮظѩɡ

绰ͷѩ˳Ļֱɵˡ
ʤٳûиص绰ʶܻἬ֣û뵽龹Ȼǣط磬Ȼ֪ҪհռطѵδޣǴȥطѼѰ
ܣ㲻õӵ˵İΣطȻҴ绰Ǳ˼ǵ
˳ѩһϢʱ䣬Ȼٴοڣѩɿġ
š
ѩɻع΢˿
ܣطҴ绰ʱ˵ˣҪǻ֯
˳һתѵҴ绰㣬Ǹ飬Ҳ㣬ԸԸ˽ˡ㲻Ը˽˵Ļֻ㱨ˡ
Ӧط뻪֯ܲЩ˵Ĺϵƻΰɱһҽϱǡ
˳û˵Ļѩɿ˼
лллŻ᳤
ȻѩиƵģ˳ʾ˸лȻѡ˽ˡϵط磬Ǹһ档
ãҵϢ³벻ɣ㶼һظ绰˳˵ţҶ˵绰
ԣֵͬɽ߶˫ܹ˽ˣõĽ

ͨѩɳ³һȻһ˼·Ųͨʤĵ绰
ܡ
绰ܿͨͲдʤ
Ѿ֪ˣǱʲô
ѩֱӴʤĻʳеĵǡ
ºĸͽܣ֮ǰطѴˣƽءҵʱطǡøϵֱӶҳˡ
ʤŻ㱨û˵Լûϧϸڣֱ˵˽ֲطѽˣ뿪
ѵ绰ط磬Ҹͨ
ʤĻشѩûϸʣǾֱطǸط̧֡
õģܡ
ʤӦȻֻߵ˫ȫſڣһȶһ塣
ţȥ
ط˫ȫڲι·󣬶˵һ䣬Ȼתߵſڣ˷š
ءشʦͨ
ʤط磬һʱϹȻֻݵطǰ˵Ŀġ
ҲʶҲûȤͨ
طޱ˵Ȼ󲻵ʤػֱӹ˷š
ʤ˱ŸֻҪѩɻ㱨ͨѾжϡ
ԴˣףѩɸղѾطĻ
طصæˮ裬˫ȫطȥֹ
󣬲˫ȫڣطֻ
طóֻһ˳磬ֱӽͨ
ãشʦ
绰һͨ˳֮ǰһء
ãŻ᳤
ط翪ڻӦȴ֮ǰǰҶ˳ĳƺҲ㡣
Ϊļҵô绰˳ͨ籨ˣ֮ǰ˵ȥ
ءشʦԲԭӦֱӴ˹ȥΥ涨ļ˴ߣҲ֪ļǻϵѧҲֹһΪףԡ
˳طԼĳƺ仯ҲܹܵطˣʶǵǸȻŽԵɡ
ԣ㲻طϡ
ءشʦҲǸ˼룬ܹ˽á˽˵Ļǻ֯ٽ롢ղţѩɸҴ绰˵ԵѵǸ
˳˵Լ뷨Ҳǻ֯ʱĴʽ
ʵϣĳЩҲ
һǰʲӣ
Ż᳤ǸõĻǻҪ涨ʲô⣬ҼȻ绰ˣû˽𣿡طʡ

˳Զԡ
˵ļΪףЩ飬֪ǣΪĹףļ˱޼ɵΥͼ̤ķɺͻ֯Ĺ涨𣿡طٴʡ
Ȼܡ˳ʶش
⣬Ż᳤ҿȷ㣬ҵֵ˫ȫսԱΪĹףδؾͱļ٣
ոΪִʧȥһֱۣۣҪ顣
˵طøͳһΪ˱Ѫ˵Ĺ֮Ӣۣڼǰ֪Լδ޲㱻ۡпǹĸ𣿡
ԡԲشʦ
˳æٴǸ֪Ҳ֪طĶӳ֪Զء
Ż᳤ٴ꣬黪֯㴦ˣһ֯ܲ˴
طٴοڣ̬ȼǿӲն֯Ϊļйܴǰļأָ˵




1779 ļҼ
ཡཡ
Ͳдäط̬ǿӲĻ˳ֻû֮ǰһѩϵҲû֯ܲ㱨ֱӴ绰֪ͨ£ǰ԰
Ȼʶԡ
׿طز̸˫ȫǸոո۵սԱ飬ط粻棬Ҳ˫ȫһ
һвжΣƱػܴ
ط뵽УԿ϶Ǵ֯ܲ֯ܲԻ
ʮӺ
˳֯ΧԱ԰ſͷ
᳤ĸ߸ˣһ֯ΧԱʵ
ļˡ˳
ʲʲô
Ȼ˳Ļش֯ΧԱǴ󾪡
Ȼ֪ļҵģҲ֪ļڻѧĵλǺεȵĳȻ
Ϊ֪һУǲŸе𾪣
֮࣬һ֯ΧԱԥһ£ٴʵᡭ᳤Ҫץļ𣿡
һΣ˳ûлش𣬶ֱͳֻͨѩɵĵ绰żɽ˵ܣԷͬ˽ˣֻܱȥ˴ߣ
áðɡ
绰ͷѩֱйƤһ㣬ϣȻŻ᳤ھͽϢ㱨ļءǱ߸̧֣ʱҪǡ
ܣҸ˵ˣ»ôһжᰴչ涨ͳ
˳ȷԼ̬ȣȻֲһ䣬Ȼչ涨ͳĻҪѶ¼ȴҪһʱ䡣
ˣлл
ѩһ֪Լ˵ʱ䣬΢΢˿Ȼʾл
˳û˵ʲôֱӹҶϵ绰Ȼ֯ΧԱ԰С˫ȫļȥ
֯ΧԱгʡʲô˳һҲļңִҪļˣ
ɻɻǼ˳һ飬ûʳڡ
Ӻ˫ȫ˫ȫڵ¥㣬˵һƬȾѪʤ¼ˡ
šŻ᳤
Ϊ껵״ӣʤ˳İ˳ʶؿʺãͬʱ˰ءȻ˳ˣ֤ѩЭûá
شʦأ˳ʵ
ڷ档ʤָָ˫ȫҵķš
˳ʤֱǰ˫ȫҵ塣
ܿ죬Ŵ򿪣ط˳֯ΧԱС
ءط磿
ط磬֯ΧԱһеɻֱӽ⿪˳ִҪץļˣΪطйأ
ãشʦ˳
˳ȭط̬ŵúܵͣǱʾطأҲַͨʽԼطеӡ
ãŻ᳤
ط籧ȭ񣬶˳ĳƺֻصˡ
شʦͽץߣȻع涨д˳̬
á
طɫƽصͷ
˳״ٶ˵תߵģԼվߣߵģȫ̧ߣ
ǣ
֯ΧԱĿطջأףѧҪˣ
ǣ˳ͬ뷨ͬʱЩ棺ļһô

ļұ
ѩɽ˳֧̣ͨ˿̵ȼ˵֧
ɱ˲ͷ˴ˣط磬Ϊ㱻֯أͿԸļ𣿡
ѩɽ֧յŵϣȻóֻͨѧļһ鱨Աĵ绰
壬ôô绰
绰ܿͨͲдһѩɵѩ׼ļֵñȽأͬʱҲɻ
㸸׳𣿡
ѩûлش𣬶Ƿʵ
ᵽĲǱˣ껡
ΪļҼ껣ǻѧǿеİǹͬΪѧǿǿĴڣҲϣһͻư벽񾳵ˡ
ΪܹһЩ꣬껼һֱڱչأ˸
壬Ҹ׻ڱչأʲô£
绰ͷشȻٴʵ
Сĺӣɽӣѧ츳ֵܼ֮Բŵļѧһ鱨ˡ
ɽӣһֵ飬Ҫ㸸׳Эһ£
ѩɽ֪ɽӡ
壬ǲռ
ѩɵɽӵһӦļһ
ȷǣطһգԼ뻪֯˹ϵãһҲǣҪʤأҲδ̫ˣ
ǲؿǱԣҲŴ绰㸸һ֯˴к˽һ¡ѩ˵
壬֪ˣȥҸ׻㱨
ٴѩɵĻɽӳ˼ӣȻ𸴡
õģ㸸׳غ󣬿ϵҡѩ˵
õģ塣
ɽ˵ţѩûҪ󣬱Ҷϵ绰ֱӳţʧںҹС
ʮӺ
ɽļغɽһɽڣڱչص껡
ʲôˣ
⣬ʵ
ڱչǰˣش鲻Ҫչء
ףǱ߳ˡ
ɽ㱨
ȥСѣȥһ񶼡
㱨üͷһָʾ
һδǰżկӭսձ̵֮ΪļҼͻľǿǿڵ껣ٴγ
Ϊط磡




1780 ߵǷǣһ
ûв͸ǽ
طļҷͻ飬㴫˳ȥڵڶϵʱڻѧ˾޴ĺ䶯
һ棬طǻȫѧķһһ˵ÿһʱͻ׵飬ڶš
һ棬ļǻءϺǿѧ壬ڻѧϵĵλ
ײ
ǻѧʿϢĵһӦȻ׷׶Դ½顣
찡ط羹ȻļҸˣ
˵ļѾ֯ץˣ
ҡȺط緢ͻط磬ԱĻҸû䣬һΣļֵΣ

ڻĸأѧڶļң뿴ļһô
ļҼ껳أԸ񶼣飡
ڻѧĵȴУһϢٴѧ硣
ǵ׼˿Կط磬׼Գ𣿡
ҪطֵĻ֯Ԥ𣿡
طǰøոջɱҼʵѷɫھǿеİųƻѧǿߵһ˵껣ʲô
껵ĳغҪԴµϢطļҵĳͻѸȳ̶ȣǰʱ׺ձ̵ǿսѧɵĺ䶯
һʱ䣬໪ѧʿ׷׶񶼣ۼ֤طһս
̶ʱڣӿ񶼵߲ǧˣԸѧвŴɵĵӣ󶥼ѧҪﶼû
һзͬʱ¡ʤӣɻڻ֯񴨰´
ǰϣ˳Ǵ֮ǽ͵ҽԺƣڽϲŴذ´
˿̣ڽѶ
Ѷ֯ΧԱһ˸ʣһ˸¼мƵ¼¼ͱ¼Ϊպ֤ݡ
㵱ڴҽԺҪ˫ȫδδ֮߳ŭȨˣӴҽԺô
ʵĻ֯ΧԱʵ
գۣ
ϰɴ޷ı飬ԿǹЦ˼ȥһ£񶼻񴨣жŮζҵĴһǸ׵Ů˸ȤʲôЦ
ʲô˼
ʵĻ֯ΧԱԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ȵȴãѾ֪껳Ҫ飬ʶԵ޿֣ͬʱҲȫԼһС
ֻ˵ʵ
ȻĻӡ֤֯ΧԱĻ
㵱Ϊʲôڻȥ鷳ΰĻ֯ΧԱٴʵ
ȥڼ䣬ŪҺܣ봦Ѫȥ顣
дʣһңУطĻԣֽҴˡ
ԣҹ˸˫ȫұ𣿡ΰ˳ĻʵѶɡ
Ǳ𣬶Ҫһ˵ʮ侲Էϡ
ʤͨõġ
ǿ껼ȻԳ飬Ƕ벻ǼȣҪߵǷǣܾϹĵط
һǲȣҲᱻļҳͷ
ٴĻ¼Ļ֯ΧԱֱӷ˱ʡ
Ȼˣǲύģȥû̫塣
ΰҲһ㣬ûмʣض
ǵǸ˫ȫſں˫ȫ˵ֱӶǶ֣ǴˡȻϹȥֱǸطˣ
ۿΰĬЦڣҺҵ˶ܺߣΥ֯涨Ǹط˫ȫӦȥץǣ
ҿȷ㣬ѾĻ㲻ѻû塣̹״ӿ֯ҲῴļΪ׵ķϣᴦ
ΰȥˣؾһȻݸͬһ˷׷뿪Ѷҡ
һΪļҪָԤ飬ΪԼܵԵ޿֣һһңûˣȥ᳤㱨ΰ֮󣬶ͬ˵
᳤ѶǸʤǵȵȰɡ¼֯ΧԱ˵
š
ΰͷȻͬ˳İ칫ҡ
ͬʱ
һѶ
Ż᳤ҽӵҶӵȶź󣬸ϵ·أҪŪ׷ʲôطֱ֣һƽҳˣľ
Ǳ߲ͬʤ˳ڣ˵龭
ʤطȷ˵ˣ㵽֮󣬲ףֱ࣬Ҫɱ˫ȫ
˳üͷ֪ʤΪҪ飬г̣ҪߵǷǡ
Ż᳤ط˵ǾţѵΪ֯ܲ˹ϵã˵ó֤֤˵һ𣿡ʤЦŷʡ

˳Զԣüͷøˡ
ط˵һУҪط֤ݣ⼸ܡ
һеͬʱ˳ûٿڣֱضʤʤηӡ
Ϊˣ˳룬һƣ˹صѶҵļ豸
ʤعˣǴ򿪴˵ɡ֪֪ʦ껳زҪԴϢΪʦһԽȳȥԶԼһУȫԷϡ
˳һһûԷ۶Աһط磡ãʦĿԾǳȥ
Ż᳤ҪģʤЦ˵
ʲôģ˳üʡ
죬죬һȥʤһŵ
ˡ
һΣ˳Ӧڴֻˣóһǻ֯ι硣
˳ļҪдʤˣ뿪ɡ
绰ͨ

˳Ŀɿڴ
ʤһЦݣ




1781 ǿ̣벻̣
ΣΪʲôҪأ
ݵľ㵹˳ˡ
Ȼµļһ֯ܲк껻Գ棬û뵽һ
Ͼǣط磬طȷʾִ֯
һ£֪֯ܲͨˡ
ļط֮ѡǰߣ
طǻѧӢۣǻѧδƻأ
ͲҪˣܲҪִоͺá˵
طǱô죿˳̲סʵ
Ժ绰ʵļҪдСƽ
õģΡ
Ȼ˳гɻ벻⣬Ȼ겻Ը˵еè壬Ҳûдɰʵףֱ
û˵ʲôֱӹҶ˵绰

˳ĵ̾˿ֻ
ǺǣŻ᳤ǵĶĻûأͳˡʤЦ˵
˳û˵
ļдʤˣⲻǴطҲ˳
Ӻ
¡ʤͽܣ߳˻֯񶼰´İ칫¥
Ժͣļҵ񳵣רǵġ
١طǸ˵̫ˣ
֮ԡ̲סЦ
ûҲ֪źļҽа壡
ЦŸͣȻֵ뿴Ǹ˵֪ı鰡Ҿðıһǳʣ
ˣ˵䣬ȥʦ֮ǰ˵ǧҪ˵©ˡ
ʤֹˣһ
š
·׷׵ͷ
ʤ״ٷϻֱӴż˳ȥ

ͬʱ
񶼹ʻ
ط˫ȫվڻڣŽӥŮ塢Ҷˡ
սСû񣬹ʶǰһ񶼣׼ط硢˫ȫ顣
֮⣬͡
ϸ˵˫ȫ죬ֻһΡط˫ȫ¶ȫֱھ֮սСȫԱطȥ
һ죬ѩõܲ۵ǵ˳ط졣
ͲԵƤμ˫ȫĻΪܳʱûطˣطȾˡ
Ҷ˵ɺҶֱͬˣֱǻŸط˫ȫˡ
ҶĻ˵Ǽϲ飬һҲûʲôӰ졣
ܿģط˫ȫĵȴУҶͺӥȺų
УͦŴӣ·һҡΣ˽֮࣬ҶȻûдװ·̧ͷͦأһ£ƵƵΧÿͲĿ
˫ȫӳ
˫ȫʦ
˫ȫӣ
ܿ죬Ҷһط硢˫ȫ棬ƺЩ
ӥͻ˺طΪӳŮʦ
֮⣬ΪսСһԱҶҲƺطΪӡ
һϰߣҲС
˫ȫϲƣ㲻ɣ
˫кͳ˫ȫЦ˵
磬˵أӭ˫ȫЦЦ
߰ɣϳ˵
ط˵ţ˳ͣȥ
°ŵĳΪҶ˶˾Ƶꡣ
ˣӣǶ˵˫ȫ飬ʲô
طһߵٵĵطʱҶ̲סʵ
ৡ
ҶһʣӥŮͻ˾ǽĿͶط硣
ҶͨҶҵ鱨֪˫ȫ飬Ҹӥˡ
ʱӥ˫ȫδޱ۸˵㱻ۣըˣֱط񶼣Դ飬ŷǶķչͽ֪顣
֯˽Щ˶ˣû
ط翪ڻصûнӵ˳ĵ绰֪ºʤ˱ߵϢ
Ǽ˵̫ɺˣǸģΪ
طĻ̲סΪ˫ȫƽ
˫ȫͬʶʱһͬμӹĵսһμѡεģ˽¸
ӥŮҶδڣҲǵͷ͡
~
ʱطֻ
ǻ֯񴨸˵ĵ绰Ӧ֪ͨҴ
طͳֻʾ˳ĵ绰Ƕ˵һ䣬ȻŽͨ绰ãŻ᳤
ãشʦ
˳ǻӦط磬ȻЩӵʵ˵𣿡
㡣
طز˳쳣ʱͣ˽Ų
شʦҸղŽӵ֯ܲεĵ绰ڵ绰֪ͨңļҪдˡ˳ӲͷƤ֪ͨط硣
ļд
طֱӴ˳Ļͳ
ǵģشʦǹ֪ͨҵģӦܲľ
˳ȷһ㣬˵Լƶϣ˵Ҹղִ˹κܲˣǶļׯ԰ˡ
һΣطû˵üۣüĿ֮ŭ⡣
شʦʹΣΪʲôҪûиԭҪ绰һ£ҽĵ绰뷢
ۿط粻˵˳ܹط˿̵ͱ飬ֿ˵
ˡ
طͳػ֣ȻֱӹҶ˵绰
ཡཡ
Ͳﴫä˳̲ס̾˿Ȼɵ뵽طǰ˵Ļܱطȥһܴ֯ܲ֯ܲطǰļָ˵
Ҫȥļׯ԰ô
뵽طĻ˳ʶаԼ
һȥ
˳бӿֳ˴𰸣ͬʱҪҪȥһļׯ԰
ͬʱطֻûֵطϲá
ҶӥŮ嶼ط˳ͨݣǷŭ߬ȭͷ
Ͷһߵı飬Ϊ֯
ӡӳûϵҺҲûܵ˺
˫ȫͬˣǿջЦ˵
˫ȫ˵һͱһ
طҡͷն
˫ȫˡ
ڹϣ֯һǶ˫ȫ裡
طԸ⣿
ӳ
˫ȫԣǣǿЦţͼٴοڡ
ԣҲܷŭطΪԼ飬ȥļġ
ΪѾ֪ļǻϡغǿѧ塪طΣգ
룬ҲԸطΪԼȥգ
˫ȫӥȥƵ꣬ȥǡ
طֱӴ˫ȫĻ˫ȫҪֲһ䣬
ǡǣӳ
˫ȫһ£ջѡ
ԴӼطʶ֮󣬵һطʱֳɡ
ӣҸһȥ
˫ȫĻ䣬Ҷ㿪ڵ
ԣط粻϶ӳֵܡ
ֵ鷳Ȼ⡣
ο˫ȫйأ
ӳҲҪȥ
ӥŮͻҲˣͬնӥ˵ɣ˫ȫֵܣҲǵֵܣ飬Ƕ裬ͱϼ׳ҲҪ
ӳ۶Ա˫ȫʱӣ׼
һ̡
ط翪ڻӦ˫ȫͻȻ˫Ų£̧ͷͦأöط羴˫۷ʾ
Ȼ޷ֹطðΣǰȥΪֹ⣬Ҫһͬǰ
ͬӣ
ط˫ȫ֪ͬ˫ȫȻսСȫԱһǰļׯ԰
ǣ
ӥҶ˳
£ط粻ٷϻֱӴǰͣ˳ֱļׯ԰ȥ
һ졣
ǸαĻΪ˸ֵֻعΪ˺ҫ´һʽ


1782 طҪ
ſƼķչϢĴٶԽԽ죬ʱȫͬ
״ʤļҺһ˱֯ͷˣļҪд飡
ʤǰŸ뿪֯񴨰´һϢ֪ﴫȻѸײڶ֮ƴ˻ѧĶС
ļҹȻǻѧϡǿļ壬֯Ҳþ֣
˵ط뻪֯ܲϵãƻأƻĻԴġ׻ȭĳ˵طƻĵİӣǵļң֯ҲԸΪļҾѣ
طԴӳһγԱ񣬲һǿƣλὫ𣿡
ط·񣬱ȻȥļҪһļҼļׯ԰ȥˣȡ裡
ûļҼȻҪд飬ǰҪʤˣ֯ЭˣطȥҲ޼¡طļׯ԰ҰĻļҼƱػֽѵ

Ϣ֮ٴڻѧ˾޴𶯺飬ھ̾ļҵǿǿƵͬʱҲں棬طǷȥļҪ
Ϊ˵õһϢѧ׷Ѿϵ񶼵ĵӣǰļׯ԰̽
һʱ䣬ѧ˷׷ӿļׯ԰
ʮʱļׯ԰ſڵϰ٣һ½
ʮһ㣬ۼļׯ԰ſڵˡ
ͬʱļҵ񳵳ļׯ԰ſʻ
Уʤ¸ӳһʤӳһ
סׯ԰ſôۼôˣ
һﰣУԶԶر㿴ļׯ԰ſھۼźܶˣȥѹѹһƬЩ졣
϶ΪǸط緢ͻ鴫˳ȥڻѧ𶯣ȻһЩϲֵصظ˹ʤжϡ
Ϊ껵ͽܣȻļһֱٹ£Ũصɫʣļڻѧĵλɺ΢紵ݶᱻѧע
طǻȫѧվڷ˿ڵġˡ
߷ͻȻǾѧĴ¼
١ļҵЦ𣿿ϧʧˣ
ԣЦһ˵ֱӴ˳Լ¶ļſЩߵС
쿴ʤ
ģ֯ûдǣ
ļǿưļӵܣöã
մȷʵռΥ˻֯Ĺ涨֯˴ζ˲дԷڣָιѧ磿
ļׯ԰ſڣЩ߿Ҳʤȿֺؿڣ˾̾ļҵǿĽĳҲ˶Ի֯ľɡ
һۣһĽĿ⣬ֻù⻷ǿ׺޲÷ȥ
ϳȺʻļׯ԰ʧ˵
ջĿ⣬ȴ
Ƕԣȵصļׯ԰ջ
Ҫȵط磡
Ȼ
СʱȥˣҲûпطټðȺٴ
ۿˣط绹ҹˡ˵ԼĹ۵㡣
ҲôΪ
̽иͣϾ֯ѾˣطҲı䲻
ΪҪǣط֪ļҼ껵Ķֻ֣ȡ裬ԲŲ˵Լķ
Ȼط粻û尡ɢ˰ɡȤ뿪
ǣⶼˣҸطԷɡ
˽ӦǿˣطҲŷ
áгˣ
󣬾һЩ׼뿪ʱͻȻڡ
ৡ
ȻߵĻ߷׷׽ĿͶǰȻ񳵣ǰĹ·ļׯ԰ʻ
ط
Ⱥ˶аԼ
һ룬룬롭
ʮӺ󣬴𰸽
˵עУļׯ԰ſͣ
Ŵ򿪣طȴӳ£ڶߵ
찡ط磡
Ȼˣ
ҪһǿӲļҼ𣿡
˵ǻѧǿǿĴڣطĸ껶֣ذܰɣ

طԭžȺ˲ڣǴ˼Ѫһ㣬˷ܵ
ط罫ڶߵڶ˷ܵı鿴δ⣬վԣȴӥ³
˭
ӥ³֮Щгɻ
ΪߵǣطĴ׹ط¼ҲطƬûмӥ˵Ƭ
Ҫ˵ǣһЩ鱨Ҳûӥ˵ϡƬսСӳԱıܵȼ߼
žžž
ЩȻ뻮һĽŲ
ӥŮ˫ȫˣվһţط󣬴Ⱥͨļׯ԰š
ৣ
һĻļׯ԰ſڵıɫ䣬һǰסطΪ׵սСӣʵءط磬ʲô
껣طҪ
طڣӴ쳹ļׯ԰Ͽա




1783 ں

طǿƵĻЩ߲һ
ȻǶ֪طôȻҪ˵ģǶû뵽ط羹Ȼֱֱ˵˵⡣
û˵Ҫ
֮⣬ļҾ֯Ҳطһ
ܽеģ
ͬʱſļҵıɫһ䣬ŭһ
ļĳԱһݣͨϵļҵֱ֮Ӿˣǰ˺󶼰ԼļҵһԱ
Ҳ˵˵飬˵ѧҼԳ֯кˡ
ڸղţѾʤ˻ˣ
һ£ļҵǿµʶҲԼΪļҵһԱ⣬Ļطʴʣ
ƣ
ļұŭطĻļұһֺ̬طЩвԼͬӿֳĸ֣ͬʱΪļұ
ȻǶ֪ļǿܹһ֯ľطϾӵпԻɱǿ߰ʵȫѧһǿߣǻѧӢۣļһѵģ
ټļңʵطǿָ
Ȼ
ЩԤϵǣط粢δļұ֣ޱ飬ֱӴӥ˽ţҲں档
𣿡
ļұ״ɫһ䣬һٴǰסط硣

طһͺȣȾǿ߰˲䱬ͬһѵĶǿֲ
ͨ
ļұŵûһһֱ̱˵ϣŰۣʡ
ļұҲŵɪɪǳƵģͣض¡
طЩߣҲеһľս
طʵֻѹ֮µҲ޷ܡ
ļұֻŵעУط羶ֱӥ˲ļׯ԰
ҡҲȥɣ
طһߺһȻڶ߷׷׸Žļׯ԰
ȻǶ֪ᷢʲôڴս
ġ壬ˣطǿӲׯ԰Ѿ˽ȥˣ
һĻһļұξѣóԽ㱨
еļҵһλԱֱߣļׯ԰İ
Ȼ
ɻǣԷδػ
Ϊˣֽ˼飬ûлӦ
ô죿
֪룬֮ǰطһͺ̱Ǳվŭ˵Ǹط粻֪ߵغӲļׯ԰һߣǽȥҪۿһ
£׷ǰȺԥһ£Ҳȥ
ļׯ԰λ񶼽ɽռϰĶһͷ
ׯ԰޽ͬŴ԰һСˮɫ㣬񴨵صķ
طҶŮ˽ׯ԰ׯ԰֮󣬲ͣ˽Ų
شʦׯ԰ڶߡ
ʱһͻȻԸµ˵
лл
ط翪ڱʾлȻׯ԰ĵ·Ŷߵȥ
УطһȣӥҶŮ˫ȫ塢վһţں棬ٺǳߣ
ţ
а׹ط䣬ٴͣ˽ŲĿ⿴ǰ
ǰһ൱ôĿյأյصмд֣һģһ䣬Χڷܣе
˿̣䳡վһȺˣѹѹһƬ١
طһ۱㿴վȺǰļҼ껣ļһǿվ껵
ļѾ䳡ˣѾ֪شʦˣվǰļҼ껣
ļҼ껴ר䳡ȺǰҪشʦְ
ͬʱطЩߣҲ껴䳡ϵȺ򣬵¾
ˢˢؽĿͶط磬֪뿴طķӦ뿴طô
һ̡
ؿطüۣĿ絶һ㶢䳡ƽˡ
ã
ʱ֮ǰط̱ļұһСܣһߴţ·
ܿأ嵽طǰЦط磬ļҲܹģںڣ߶ˣ
ǹȥ
طûĽŤͷӥ˵һᶯֵĻǶҪ֣վһԿС
ӳ
ӥԣɫһ䣬ͼڡ

طֱӴϣܹӥ˵飬Ҳ֪Ľ֣Ҳ껽֣ӥʵ̫󣬳ûκ塣
£ط粻ٷϻֱתٴŲᶨ䳡
ļ䳡ںƣطȻ޾壡
һĻطЩߣͬʱҲ˲Ǵ˼Ѫһ˷ܡ
ȫѧһһVSѧǿеǿ
붼˷ܣǼ֤
һսΣ
˷֮࣬߶аԼ
ûд𰸣̸طĲ
֪
ļұһֻļҼ껿Խطһ
䳡ϣļҼ껣ط磬о˸




1784 ֮
С𣬿ңҲ޾һս
ջĿ⣬Ťͷ
үүѧǿ绢Ϊǰƣȴ޾һսǿƣҲ޵еô
ĸߴ󡢿𣬱ļ洫Ĵ󸫣Ŀ⾼˵
š
ǵͷͬ˵Ȼȥӭһɡ
õģүү
̵ͷ߳Ⱥӭطȥ
ձ̵ǿɽһѧ緢սǰļأļӭս
껵ͬ⣬ǰżկӭս
һ·ϣӹе֪ط¼жطʮ壬Ҫһطύ
һսܸɽһ̡
ԭʵɽһ֮ϣȴɽһ̽ڽڰˣɽһ̱ɵ̶ܡ
һսʮֱ
Ϊˣ֪طǿƽɽһ̻ɱѧҫ֮󣬸طύеִˡ
طͣ˽Ų۶
˵껵ӡ󶼲ΪУִҪ˵Ļֻĵˡ
ļǿôˣ
ѵļ׼ȸشʦ𣿡
شʦǾǿеİڣѵҲͻƾǿ߾ˣ

ͬʱطЩ߷׷׾гɻ
һ̣𰸽
ھط׵ĵطͣ½Ųһ˷ܵЦݣȭ񣺡طֵܣܸٴμ㣡

Ļ˷ܵЦݣطЩһĿɿڴ
ԭǵطӲļׯ԰ļ䳡ںƣ˫ȻչһҵĲطʾãҿȥΪط˷ܣ
ʲô
֮࣬Щгɻ
ɻĲǣӥˣط綼Щɻ
Ȼ
ɻɻνֲЦˣطӡǺܲģ㱧ȭ񣺡ԭҶүүӡ󼫼ѣҲΪļǻѧĿģÿѧѣļұضͦε飬ļҵĴʽҿʼԼ֮ǰжϣͬʱܲԣҽҵֵ׼Ҫһ
طֵܣģүүһĽġ
طķӦδе⣬ЦŽһ䡣
ѵļҲطΪУ
ĻطЩҲ𽥴лعµɻ
á
طһµʲôҿ϶ûдɰʵףǳͷ
طֵܣ룡
һƣȻǰ·
طû˵ʲôǴˣ䳡
ܿģط߽䳡Ȼؿټ䳡ϣ껡ү֮⣬ļ˵ı鶼ЩԾ
վһ׷ԲԵߣı鿴ȥ˲
С磬û뵽ǻһַʽ档ӭĻҾͲ˵ˣ´ȥļصʱٻӭ㣡ʱ΢Цſˡ
Ĵʦ֮ǰҲ˵ҶӡܺãļҲ⣬ε飬Һܷŭ
ط˵ͣһ£Ȼֱӱ̬ȣҲļΪУļұһֵһ
С磬ľѾ˽ˣ͸㽻
껵ͷЦݲǵûطǿƵ̬ȶĿл֮⡣
£תϵЦݣʱȻ޴棬ȡ֮һ
ǣ
ܿ죬ļȺ󷽴һ

ļȺɢ
طڣ˶ؿ¡ʤӣͳͳӰţÿվһɫ۵Ĵ󺺡
˿̣Ѻǣ

һĻطЩ߳ɵˡ
˵껡ү˶ط̬ȣֻǾȵĻôʱ˿̣ǰһĻˣ
Ҳû뵽ļҷǵûˣҪط棬ˣ
ʲô
Щߣ˫ȫҶӥŮ塢Ҳһ¡
ط綼Щȣ
ȻղȺͨ껵̬ȣӿļ˵ı鶼ЩԾ²⣬ļҲΪ˱ˣ˿棬ǳ
С磬ԭǵŵǸģǸյׯ԰ûã㵽ˣԣʱı⣬ﴦ
طһ𾪵ͬʱٴοˣȻ󲻵طػŭĿһˣФǿ֪
󡭡үүҴˣ
ʦ֪
ʦүǴˣ
̿ڻӦ껵ĳƺͬϳͬı顪ֻţ
ǵġ
һ̣Ҳûа뿪֯´ʱ޿֣еֻĿֻš
Ϊǻصļׯ԰֮󣬱֪껸֯кд£ҪǣԴǣӶطһ
طǻѧӢۣļҲܵѧˣ
껵ԭ


1785 ļҸطĽ
ո߹ңۡ
ļׯ԰䳡ɽ˺ǧȫصߣ˷䳡Χˡ
䳡м䣬껴ļվһߣطӥվһߣ˫֮һСƬյء
˿̣¡ʤӣͳͳڵϣֵؿ껡
ô˵Ҫүʤʦ𣿡
ȺΧ֮ǰͼطļұ䳡мΣ˴ľ
Ϊ˵ҪˣΪļׯ԰ſۿ˹ǰ¶棬̡طļׯ԰£ûкùӳԣ
һΪļұıӵط磬Ҷطѵ⡣
ڱطһ仰̱֮󣬻ĵ׷˹׼ط类һ
Ȼ
ķչΥ룬еĽȻ෴
껷ǵûйطӲļׯ԰ҪΪ˸طһڴˣ
ˣ
֮࣬ļұеӿֳ֡
Ҳɪɪ
ǿΪ˸طһĽļҺͽʤã֪֮ǰſڡơطѵ⣬֪껻ô
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģ䳡м䣬껾ֱߵǰӸ£ɫض֪
󡭡үү
껵ʣȫ־ſͣͼش𣬽ں껵ĳƺ֮ԺһƬհףѹ֪˵ʲô
Ȼ㲻֪Ҹ㣡
ۿ껽ͰͣŲһƨٴοڣͳһ̰ͼǸĻʿɫ㱰ɵա
ڶδ֮ΪļҺϼְȨˣҽԺ
ٴμ֮ͼٴطѵȴԣȥѰͼɱ˫ȫ
ϱ
˵˵֣ͬһף䳡Ͽը죬˲ڳÿһˣ
ǵġ
ط磬û뵽껾ȻҪڴ
ͨ
һ䳡İҲ˴Ӷݵлع
䳡м䣬껵Ļֱ̱˵ϡ
£ް㵱յ۸ʱ޼ɵҲûǰȥ˫ȫѰʱѪû֮ǰصļׯ԰ſʱ޿֡
һ̣ƵģϳžӲܿƵس鴤ţȼӿ˻ɫҺ壬˲佫ӽ͸
ˣ
ͨ
ͨ
ʱ촫
һ򸾴ļҵȺֱ߳ӹڵأֵģ󡭡󲮣һ棬һθĹµĻᣡ
Ĺ£֪գǵΪβúụ̀ܽ
ʹǰ򸾡
ǲǱˣĸĸ
󡭡󲮣Բûйֻ̺ܽҪһǽһúụ̀ܽĸ
󲮣йﲻ
ĸҲΪȡ飬ǽƱ硣
ﲻ
һͺȣֱӴĸ׵Ļǿ֪Ҹղ˵˫ȫʲôˣǻսԱ֮һΪ˱μһһսǰø˱ۣǹ֮Ӣۣ
Ӣǰ߱ѪˣФȴ˼δ޵⣬ѵ֮󣬻Ҫ֪ȥɱˣݣ
£껲ٸĸڵĻᣬҽȻ̧һŲؿϡ
꣡
ۡ
ͷѣѪɽ
ܵԣȻؿȫݣһƬѪģͬʱѪ磬мƬ
һţֱ߹Ǻ࣬ǻ٢ҲȲˡ

һĻطڣȫ˽Ծ
û뵽˵Сڵ֮󣬾ȻԳ֣
С
һд䳡Ķݰ
ĸһͼûһؿӺݺݵڵϣѪĭһˣȥ
£˫۵ɵùԲһĿ
ƺֱ޷ţΪһһڵĵײŮԶɥǱļҼԴ
ļҲû뵽һ㡣
Ψһ⡣

Ϊ֪ļҼҷϣԼүүһĻ塢˽ˣΪΥļ棬ͬʱҲΥķɺͻ֯涨ؽܳͷ
ȻҲ֪ǡ۸Ĳطˣܱס
Ȼ
û
֪ǵĶط֮жϳɡ
ΪţԼүүԲΪȥﱻΪѧ罾Ӣۺδط硣
껵Ļ˵ǻļҳΪѧˣᱻǧָ
ȻţļûиԤ֯طҲ벻ļҵ鷳Ҳ˽ᡣ
ԼүүΪʲôҪѡԴطһԭ
طʵǱ̫ˡ
ʮ꣬ӵлɱǿ߰ʵ븺˵İ벽ǿɱԷɱ
ǻȫѧδе飡
һ죬طȫۣ֮Ϊĵػ񣬲ǳаսʤ
껶طδжϡ
׿Ҵ塢ȵȲ˵ڣδļҾطΪСѵ
ѧļҿʱ˵һ仰




1786 ˾һߣҾһ
С
ۿһĸ̱ڵϣ캰أһߡ
ĸһãȻƺţԼĶӾôˡ
̧ȥ
ûĸ׵İǶʬĴָʾȻָָĸĸҲȥ
ǣ
󺺵һʱȻ껵ָʾʬ̧ߣͬʱļȺ߳ˣĸ𣬼뿪
̣ĸĸûҶ˵һ仰
ԽǴ壬ԽɭϣΥ
ļѧңˣǾԲƵģ
οĸĸֻļҵһԱ
ʦʤ֪Ըܳͷ
ʱڵصʤˡ
֪껵·񣬹ʶûа׷ѿȥģ껿ͷϴͼַͨʽȡ
ʤ䲻ģҵĵӣӡӣҲļˣͬļ洦
һؿʤڣӹɡ
ǡǣʦ
ʤڵϣͷŵ棬ڻӦӸһĲ
ºʤӣֱ̱˵ϡ
¡Ż֪ǰ£ǵֹΪףı˫ȫˡﲻӣ
˵ͣһ£ȻٴοʤʤԼ֣ϵǵ书Դһȣʾͽ䣡
⣡
껵Уºʤӣŵͷһʹȥ
ȻǱסǽʧȥһ书һȣƱػᱻϳļң󳹵Ϊˡ
ĳ˵ɱǻҪʹ࣡
ǡǣʦ
ͬʱʤûҽƱ䣬Ҳûģʹ
£ͬʬһԼĶ¡
֣֡Ҫʦү󡭡һλᡭ
ۿʤͻȻ˼һ߾ֵ˵ţһ߶껿ͷ顱֮ڶ
飡
飡
ꡪ
Ӧµ͹ͷѵĴ졣
Ŀ֮£ʤڵѪȴϵضԼĳơ
һƶϾһƶȣ
ϸִ껵ָʾ
Ϊ֪ĻҲп˶ı⣬ֱӴºӡ

²ҽһֱӻ˹ȥ֪ŵã۵á
˻
µĲҽµĲ״ʤӣŵõ鴤
ʤ΢΢һ۾ʹĿŲȻ編ƣȺӵ书ҸԴһȣ̷ǳѸ٣ûһˮ
ʦӵܸԸܳͷ
һУʤ껾Ϲ󴦷
ʤӵӵϢǰ·֮󣬲ף˽࣬Ҫ֣䱻طֹͬﲻˡ
Է书Ȼһͬ뿪
ӽҽκιϵļҲκιϵ
ޱ飬ֱӵ˵ʤĴ
ʦκԣҪԱļҲ⡣
û˿ʴȡ
ַʽ֯ѧ˽Ǹط罻Ӷطеŭ⣬Ӷطļҵӡ
ǡǣʦ
ʤԣһȻ
£ҧҧԷһ书
Ǵߣ
껼״޲ٴָʾ
һ£ֳ󺺷׷׽ºʤ̧ߣʤҲں棬һ㱵뿪䳡
껺ļǸطӰ
һĻЩԻĸصǣо̲ס̾
ѩɣ
Щ߸̾ط֮ͬʱתĿͶļӪ׷ԲԵߡ
ѩɡ
껵õܡ
ļҵƶߣϼŵĶ³
һţ̽綼Ҫε̽
Ȼ
һɱȨ޾Ƹλߣ껺ֺԾһԭϣ˲һƬҰףüĿ֮Ŀֻȫ޷Ρ
ҡ
ֻ֮࣬ѩɲų껾Ϲ
Ϊļҵĸˣ̺ܽ޷֮һ⣬һʼ֪Ļڵ֪Ļ֮ûϸռҹ洦ˣûϻ֯ĴȣͼļҵļҲФ֮
۶ѩɣѩɵĴӼ㲻ļҵļҲϼŵκְһɽӽΣɽӺܿڰؽ̷֮ļأĹʮ꣡
ǡǣ
ѩɻ˲䱻ȥ˾񣬲ʮ겻ֹ
£üĿ֮Ŀֻţȫûȡ
Ϊ֪ڵ֪˵֮ȥط硢˫ȫ˵ǸϴĻµòԭ£̬ڣ䵽³
һƸϼƶߣΪļҵĹˣνǴ׹

ͬʱ֮ǰѵطļұֱӻ˵ϡ
ΪļһļҵĴﰤ֮󣬵˹ȥδ˵Ĺע
˵עϡ
ã˫ȫҴļң֮ǰ飬δޣʾϵǸ⡣
һ̣˵ע£껱ȭ˫ȫ΢΢ǷǸ⣬δ޹⣬ϼµĴҽԺӦ⳥ʱԻȥϰࡣ֮⣬ǲԸشҽԺҲȥϼܲκһҹ˾

껵ǸĻǷ̬껸ղһУЩԻĸصɵˡ
֮ǰĴѾ㹻ˣ껴ʱ˿̵Ǹеױȵ𺳣
ǿļҼ
ѧǿǿĴڣ˵ϰ벽ǿ֮ǿĴˣ
һˣȻ˫ȫϹǸ
ǣ˫ȫӥ˶Щ㱡
Ƿݻ㱣˫ȫһʱ˻ش𣬵δ˫ȫʧȥǣʶؽĿͶط磬ĿгŸж͸м
Ϊ֪껽һУ̶ܴΪط磡
Ǹɰȥ׷ˣδֻ֣˹Ҳҫ
Ĵʦллֵܹ
ʱط˫ֱȭ껻񣬱ʾл
ط˵Ҫ֮󣬵һοڡ
˾һߣҾһɡ
ļҸطأط绹ļϵĸл




1787 չ
ллĴʦ
طĻ£˫ȫ̧ۣ껾񣬱ʾл
Ȼ֪һУ̶ܴΪط磬껱Ͼδء
С磬˫ȫǿˡ޹زɷԲ¾ҪΪļҼӦġ
Ǳȭط˫ȫ񣬶΢Цҡҡͷȴǰ˿
жϵһׯصش£׿͹صȲᣬҪΪ˱طΪļĴԹޡ
һط罫ۣ֮ļҵӾͲùˡ
˿̣طĸлףԼѡȷġطǵûΪļпļطĹϵ
С磬鴦ˣվҲʣǱߺȲģ
껷ֶ֮ط緢롣
Ĵʦֵ飬컹Ҫ
طίؾܾ껵룬Ȼֲֵܴ꣬һר̵ŰݷĴʦֵܣ
ã
ԣδطľܾеӣǹЦӦ
ЦһҲǷĵĸˡ
Ϊط粻ҪŰݷãҳƺΪֵܣ
껳Ԥڵ˴˴γ֮С
ΪļƻУطǸ֮⣬ҲطʶǸطߡ
ⲻ˶һּĥҲǶļδͶʡ
Ĵʦֵܣλǻ£һٻᣡ
طٴαȭ׼ǡ
طֵܣҵ㣡
𺩺Цţط繰ֻ
طЦЦû˵ʲôֱӴ˫ȫҶȥ

Ⱥֱÿһ֮ͨǰطļұڵϣƫصסطһ˵ȥ·
ղţΪ껴ѩɵˣֱŵû˹ȥ
˿̣͵شӻоѣʶʶûָֻãȻؿطһ
ô£
껿һĻüʵ
ΪľǿǿڵȺǵԼļׯ԰ſڼִڡ
Ĵʦشʦ֮ǰñ㱨Ҫǵһشʦһˣ
Ǳŭشʦ
껵ʻȴ
ͨ
ոѵļұߵĻֱһͷҵڵء
ٴα˹ȥ

طһ뿪ļׯ԰֮ЩԻĸصҲ׷ȥͬʱһʱ佫ļׯ԰һУ㱨˸Ե
Уһ֯񴨰´ΧԱ뿪ļׯ԰֮󣬵һʱ䲦ͨ˳ĵ绰
Ϊ֯񴨸˵˳ԭжϳطһļׯ԰֮Ǿһ˵ģ־Լ̫⣬ȥ˿ܻӰ飬ֻ÷ɳһǰ̽Ϣ
᳤ļҽ鴦ˣ
绰ͨ֯ΧԱһʱ㱨
ôģ˳Ȳʵ
᳤޷󣬸ղһǶôľˣжô𺳣ҵʱɵˡ
֯ΧԱŸղŵΣֻһѪڣǸо·껸һ㡣
Сӱˣңʲô
˳ûشϣߵģ׼Դһơ
᳤ļҼΪ˸طһղš
֯ΧԱʶԼղеŷңԼͿȻɿؽղһи˳

µĻ㱨˳ɵˡ
Ȼӽӵ֯ι绰һ𣬱û֯Ĵʽܹ죬è塣
Ҳû뵽ļνдȻ
һǧĹѧңǱΪǿѧңŻѧԱ棬Ϊ˸طһ˽شļҺϵʦ书ļҵļڸط缰˫ȫǸ
ȫ˳
𾪹˳侲ף˽һ棬ҪǲΪµط磡
ͨһ˳ЩȻˡ
չ
طʵδǱ̫ˣ
ѧ磬ûĸԸط磬оҺҵǰ֮
˳Щͷ绰ͨȷһԼжǷȷ뵽굱ڵ绰û͸©ա

ྩ֯ܲΪ֯ΣĿǰƻֹĹ꣬Ҳڵһʱ֪ļׯ԰һУҺռ򵥵ؽһ
һУ겦ͨطĵ绰
ãΡ
طѾص˱УǰƵ·ϣֱӽͨ
С磬ôݰûҵЦʡ
ΣĴʦĴʦͻ
طʵ˵֮ȷʵЩԹΪ϶֪ʵ飬Ӧø
С磬Ҳ㣬רҲҪ㡣Ц
ΪʲôطЩ졣
⡣
긻˵㲻ã㲻֪ǰ£һУԵǸĳ⣬ҲеĽ˵ɣʾļԸύĳ⣡
𣿡
ط˼
С磬޷ɱһͻ׺Իȫѧɵĺ䶯жôҪ֪㻹ʮ꣡׼ȷ˵Ŷʮ꣡
˵иеĪȣ񣬻ѧƻһΪδػȫ֮ۡɲôʧ
İɣŴʦһ
طһŶᶨĴ𸴣ԺвֳؽӰͬʱ̲סаԼ
Լμ˫ȫĻؽ




1788 ŵǸ
ģһǰһ񶼴Ƶʻȥ
ǰطѽֻͨ
ӳ㿴ǽôţһĻ˫ȫʵ
ղţط绰ʱ򣬻һֱڻļׯ԰һУֻͬƵģµ˴˿̣Щ㱡
˫ȫ鰡ôŲʰɣطЦá
ӳҵ뷨ǣǵƵ¶֮һԶٷȻھƵϢһ£ȥԷ裬㿴ô
˫ȫʵаţطǰϰʾԲѯط硣
һģϢ
طҡͷ극֮ȥ·ʲôҪģֱ˵Ҫ⣬ȿ·֮µĻȥæùǡ
á
˫ȫʶشӦȻҲûʲô£ҪȥƵеţͰСʱҾ񶼴Ƶꡣ
ӳеһж򵥣ǿɲ硣
˵˫ȫ뵽ʲôĿͶ͡
һΣͼ棬еһж򵥵ģطûᡣ
˫ȫǶ粻ģͷգһᷭġ
ͺٺЦ֪طڣ˫ȫȱǮҲܹò⡣
ķûе͹λ˫ȫطֵܣٵüһ㣬µʱŵ˫ȫ
磬ˣҾͲա
˫ȫɫһ䣬֪͵ĸ۰Ը˹һĴڣеǮ
Ļ˵ҴӲҵǷǮΪǶûǮ
˫ȫͲҪˡطЦŴϣʵˣأ
ӾƵ귢ޣӦھƵء˫ȫص
һ˵ϰףŮĸļǲڻٰ쵱أýԶĻӾƵ귢ޡ
ĸĸ˼ǳ֮Уѧ֮񶼣ûκˣֻܴӾƵ귢ޡ
޵ľƵлʹڼվƵ꣬񶼴Ƶֱ߾幫һҺǼƵꡣ
⵹˫ȫӡ
ʵϣȻĹʡ𡢲۰ҷѶ٣񶼵ķ⼸˻һǡ
ĸĸҲû浽ʲôǮĻ򷿡װ޺֮󣬼ʣ޼ˡ
£ǼƵ귢ޣΪãڵ֪Լʧȥһֱۣ˰̵ǰ£Ȼ벻ѡ޸ԼܿҪܼķΧڸĻ
˫ȫ˵һ˿̾ڻʹڼվƵһ׷һˡҽԺĻʿͬ
Ƕ˵ܷ߿Ҳͬ飬ֻϸ
һϵʱ䣬˷䣬Ȼ˶ٱͣ˿ڷ졣
ˣǻûĻɴأֻдǿһŮͻȻ뵽ʲô˵
԰ǿ㴩ϻɴӣһ
ϻɴӣҸɹж˧
ʿڣͬǷ׷׿ڸͣһڴ
˫ȫʽ
˫ȫ֮ǰ˫ȫĴָͬ¶ûмҲû
׼ȷ˵ͬǷ֮ǰͬǶ֪ѣҪ¡
ͬյʱ¹뿴˫ȫƬʱֻû˫ȫƬ
á
ۿͬǶΧЦŵͷȻóֻᣬһŻɴա

ɴպ󣬰ʿڣ˶סˡ
ΪؿƬ˫ȫ˰̣˰ռ˰ֻһֱۡ
һˣǰʱִˡ
ڻʿ˷µͬʱ΢Цſڽͣƽ

Ļ˲Լͬػع˿ڸֹͣ鸴ӡ
ӣЩҲ˵˵Ů˶ⱲҪһ¡
գһŮ̲סڣǲ㴰ֽ˵Ϲʶģʶʱ䲻ˣΪʲôҪ޸أ
ɲǼ䣬׷ﰲʿڣ˶
Ҳ֪ģֻû˼ʳڡ

һ̣ӦͻȻ
ҡȥš
ʶԼʴ˻ղſѯŮһǸ˵ţȻߵſڣ˷š
ԺԺ
Ů֮󣬿˾ȻҽԺԺһ
ʿͬ£ˣһȡ
רǸġ
ҽԺԺʣһǸؿ
Ѿ˵ļׯ԰顪ѩɲٵϼŶ³
һУȫΪδ
˵ļҼ˵棬˫ȫϹǸҾĹ³ŵ
֪֮ҪǸ
ΪǸ⽫ܷδҽԺԺܷúõ񶼴ȥ
Ǹ
ŴҽԺԺĻ£ǿŵŮǻʿͬ£ϵľ˲𾪣
仰󣬷پˡ
ΪиԺΪԼδط磡
ԲڴϣûжסѹΪԼְλĽˣϣԭҵ֪
һ̣ҽԺԺڣʮȾϹ⣬ֻҪԸ⣬ʱԻϰ࣬ҽԺĸλְѡ
ô£
ٴҽԺԺĻͬǳɵˣ
Ժ֪Ǽ鲻ģҲ㡣Ƿȥϰ࣬ҪȥϹ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģڻӦ
ûԹޣҲûзŭû⣬еֻһĵ
ллллл㣬
ĻҽԺԺϹ
ʿŮǣһؿǸо·ʣѵԺǸȥΪϹ˲õĴ
ϵۻƴŮ
Ǹ֮ǰڻʿЩŮвֵȥ޵ĶˣһЩһƽСһЩΰӢۡ
ƽΰ
һ̣Ҳ벻Ļ񽫴𺳣




1789 ȫ
Ȼкܺ棬˫ȫطʲôڵŵʱû˫ȫ
˫ȫһ˵ģ˵Ǻпܻ漰
Ž֮˫ȫط˳һٷ
ȻǻԷĵص죬ϴҲѾ뿪
ͽ֮ػʹڼվƵ꣬˫ȫطȥڶ
ڶʮɢˣطġ
Ϊ˫ȫǣ춼Ҫ𣬲ΪȾ¡
׿ɹ˫ȫ˵ÿ˶طΪ׵սСȫԱҪţȥɡ
ڶߵʱط˱ˣǻһɫԲʷ
Ϊɹٵ˫ȫҲ·ѵ
սСӵѵûκα־
죬˫ȫȫ̴ѵٰ
⽫һδװӶģµ
˵ʱطսСȫԱ˫ȫ·
·¥µĵ·ϣͣʮɫԽҰҵĲǾơ
·˫ȫĸĸݶڡ
尢̺ã
ط缸˼˫ȫĸĸ󣬵һʱʺá
֡裬ǶҵսѣλǵĶӳط磡˫ȫΪĸط缸ˡ
Ǻá
˫ȫĸĸ΢ЦŻӦȻ뼸֡
ط簡ҼСȫ˵㡣Щ꣬ڲչ죬ҪȼǣҲһ
˫ȫĸط֣Ц˵
һ̣ϵЦ϶ġ
ΪͶһԱҺˣԹ޻ڣɽ
İɣ壬ǲ˫ȫʡƵġ˫ȫ׵ĻҶЦŵ٩
õģ塣
طҲͷӦ˫ȫĸףӿֳھΡ
Ȼ˫ȫĸ׶˫ȫһûκԹԣɽط绹ΪԼûб˫ȫе
ͬûбóһ
Զʹ
Ȼ
ھΣط粢δ˵ʲô
ڵϸ˫ȫһ

ŵӵʱط缸˫ȫһͬ˳ǰʹڼվƵ꣬ǰȥӭ
ͬʱ
һS600ǰȥӭɡ
ʱĹ˾õġ
ԭ˹˹ģطܾˣΪ̫ҡ
طɴ˴ǰμ˫ȫĻ񣬶ž޴ѹҡ
ŵʮ֣ͣͣȻȥڵŽɡ
ʮȺӻ߳һ۱㿴͡
طɷϢɣͽӻҸ͵Ƭ
ʵϣط粻ɷƬҲ˳ͷ
Ϊƶߵط˵ָƣͷ͵Ϣ
ͶɲϤΪ˼סɵӣ˺üƬղŻóֻ˼顣
Ϊä֢
׼ȷ˵ƯСΪҪ֮⣬˵ĳ࣬ȥע̸ϼˡ
~ã׳ͣط
ɿ͵ͬʱҲɣæǰӭӵ
Сˡ
΢΢ף֡
׳ͣǹȥɡ
һˣٽ֣϶ܳͱֵúܵɿ֣һơ
á
ɵͷͳͣȥͬʱģѯ˫ȫĻ׼
ˡˡ
󣬵ɸͼߵͣʱڴֻóһȫ硣
ͬһΣΪؽȫõ˽ֻš
ζţԸϵɣǰؽָʾ
ɶԴͬʱ͵Сһ£ҽӸ绰
õģ׳ʮһʮֿʼʮӾܸϵƵ꣬ʱ仹ܳԣӣżЦŻص
û˵ʲôֻߵһ˵Ľ䣬ͨ绰
ɣȥ񶼲μԭսԱ˫ȫĻˣ
ȫȿڣûгƺɵְ񣬶ֱʵ
ţ·ɻ
ɲδܹܵȫеĹĺ͵ǡ
ط϶Ҳȥ˰ɣȫʡ
ǰ͵ˡɻش
ɣ֪ģ׳ΪϴεڹϣŪµġȫ̾˿Ȼѵ
֪ʶһ㡣
֪𣿡
ȫ֮еĵǸŨСĿǰΪΥ棬ͨң˵ģӦ֯ץսСӵȫԱȥˡһ£ǲȡץжĻǾϼ˵һ㣬ǿ۸ѲﷸñӶû⣡
ɳĬô᲻֪Щ
ɣطֻһ˲μⳡط粻Ҫμӡȫ˵ԼĽ顣
ܲμ𣿡ɷʡ
ͲҪμˣҸұ֤Ϊֱܵѵװ
ȫٶԡ
ȫӣ֮ǰѾЩˣѾӦ˫ȫˡ˫ȫҵıΪ˱ˣźͲᱻۣҲܺġԣѡ񶼣º󱻴ҲĸԸ
ٴοڣ󣬵ᶨ
Թȫ
ѡ壬ȴ֪ǸΪֱۣ֮꣬ʱ׼ؽһǡ⡯




1790 ˧
ʹڼվƵ꣬ͬѾԴڵķڣŵĶţ͵˫ȫͰǰ
УʿǴ˴ΡսۡĸˣδĻʿ˰š
ˣˣ
ͻȻڵʿվ׷ĴߣһɾɫԽҰɵĳʻ˾Ƶ꣬Ťͷ
ǣ׼ãԲ׽
ʿԣָʾ
ã
Щͬ˸߲ҵػӦţһյŻῪŵļơ
찡ź˧
ȻǵĻ䣬ڵĻʿط˫ȫ˴ӳ£·յؼ
裿ҿ
ʿĻ˶ʱˣ׷״ȥҪ
Ȼ
ǳ嵽ߵʱط缸Ѿ˾Ƶꡣ
أ
СӨ㲻Ҫƭǡ
԰ж˧㻨ճ
Ůǳ嵽ߣûпطΪ׵İţһȺȸһߴߴؽиͣ
ĺ˧ǵ¾ܿˡ
ڵĻʿӻ״̬лع񣬵ȻڷŹ⡣
Ǻ˧
΢Цſڸͣ˫ȫһط缸˳Էȫ
ط缸˵ֵ˵̸˧ϵǹӲ;磬ԺܶŮǺɱġ
ô˵ˣǿ϶˧ըˣ
ʿҪǲҪ˰ɣȿǣٽǸϳȥ

һʱ䣬׷Цһš
һߣط硢ӥҶͻɵİţ˫ȫݣ׷ڵ¥㡣
У˫ȫȥЩš
ط˸ϵĽ˲ʧˡ
ԣط缸ֵܣһ𿸹ǹһɱУһѪǵܣôܽأ
ܿ죬˫ȫסط缸˵ͬ£׷ſڣȻ˷š
ߺˣʵ
˫ȫ˫ȫ
ʶ

˫ȫһ±ƣȻʶҪͺŵ
˫ȫӴȥ޻ءȻش⣬˵Ϲ
Ҷæֹ˫ȫѹ˵
μӹٻо顣
Ϲ˫ȫ
˫ȫǰһ°ҶĽ̵ȥ˵
һ죿
ϲɫʲô
Եˮʲô
ϲĶʲô
һʶģ
ǳνһ죿

˫ȫĻ䣬ͬǹɨһ㣬ͻͻͣ

˫ȫٴ±ƣؿҶ
ɡ
ҶһΣ˫ȫıܿԼֱֵһ֪
˫ȫʮһ˽ȥ
ۡôĺ
ö࣡
ɹ٣Ȼ£Ҫشһ⣬ǲſš
ǣһⶼ֤ò

ٴδߴߴ
˫ȫ±ƣͷʼð亹ˡ
ӣ취㶨
ط״Ҷָʾ
λС㣬ǵҲһ
ҶԣֱӼͷǸ

ŮЦû֦չȫûпŵ˼
ǻ˧ţǰһλ˧磬δޱΪĵһˣ벻뿴
Ҷٴοڣֱط統ͷ
ӥ塢ԣǿЦ⡣
˫ȫҲûôˡ
طһͷߣû˵ʲôԸΪֵ
һΣ˲ðˡ
󣬰һ죬򿪣Դյǰͼ͸ŷ죬뿴˧ŵж˧

ţ
űҶֱƿˣȿƵúܾ׼δöŵŮˤ

ĺ˧
ʰ
˭δǾǵһ˰
Ŵ򿪣ŮһƬǼ䵱ĵŮװط缸ˣ۷Ź⡣

Ҷָָط硣
磬δǾǵһ𣿡
磬ǿδ޵Ƭ𣿡
ɲǼ䣬ط㱻һȺŮΧˣŮǰ֮ȼգشطʵ
ҶڵĿӣطҲЩ£Ҷһգۼ䣬˼طסˡ
գ۹Ҷ˫ȫΧӥѸڷЬӡ
ϰףֻҵЬӣ˫ȫܱ뿪
ãҸǿƬ
Ϊȸֱ˫ȫ˫ȫܹ㱧뿪طٴ˵䣬ӿڴͳֻֻѩƬ

һ̡
ЩΧطŮͳͳɵˡ
ǵɴ۾ؿطֻĻüĿ֮ȫ޷Ρ
ΪƬѩ㴩һɫķ£ֱͲɫ߸վڻϡ
գģƤ߹ʣŵĿ⡭
ŮĶȫѩϵõչ֡
ѩʱܿʱȫӰʦΪġ
ҡ֪ѩ㣬ųƻȫ̽һŮʣϹʱܿƬһʱܿķգ
һŮ뵽ʲôǴ˼Ѫһ㣬شǸо·ƬƵġ
ŮԭȺعˣŮ⻰ּɵˡ
磬δô
˵ѩݵŮʳŮ
ŶҲЬҵˣ
ӦǵҶ
Ҷ˫ȫҵЬӡ
Ȼ
ˣȺΧطŮӣûбɿط磬ȴطĻش
ǡ
ط΢ЦŵͷȻûŮǵİΧ
Ůͬʯһվط缸ˣһ
죬ҽԺԺΪδŵǸ
죬аɵδǾǵһˣұΪȫ̽һŮʣ
Ůǵ𺳣ֱױȡ
Ⱥ񵽵ʲô·
֮࣬Ůгһɻ
ûд𰸡
ǵ𺳣Ÿոտʼ




1791 ɽˮ
˫ȫҶ˵İ£ҵЬ֮󣬵ֱ¥˻鳵ûһЩͬӰ档
󣬳ʻ˫ȫ·
ϰףɹٽӼ֮Ҫǰ·תһȦգȻǰƵٰ
԰ôȫͬ£أ
ϳ֮Ҷ˲ԾЩɻʵ
үү̣趼Ĵɥˡط翪ڻӦ
ֱϵ塢ùá˾ˡ֮ӦҶȻȻµʡ
Ͳˡ
طҡҡͷԴҲЩ֡
Сʱ󣬳ӱ㵽˫ȫ·¥¡
˫ȫٴݵֱĺϷЩʿ׷׸¥ȥι·
طѾȥˣûȥ·
Ϊʱţ˫ȫֻ·˲ʮӱ¥Ȼϳһͬǰ񴨴Ƶꡣ
ҲطסľƵꡣ
˵ִƵʱѾʮһˣʼаСʱ
ӵִ֮һУ˫ȫٴεֱ³ڽƵŵʱ
סǵһ򸾣ûдϲ֮ӸеϲãǺüۣһࡣ
վס
ķֵĸˣһ˫ȫǰ
ţ
ͻһĻ˶һȻֵؿ긾ˣиһӡ
˾ˡ裬ôȥ
긾Ůѵ⣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬΢Цʵ
١㻹֪˾ˡ谡
긾Ůһ࣬˵䣬ָĭҷɣǴֵָͷ޲ôϡ
˾ˡ裬ҸϲӣصμӻǸʲô˫ȫüͷ
һμľ˾ˡ裬˵
꣬˼ǳ֮Уֻо˾һˡ
ʱδ꣬Ҫ˸˾Ψһѡ
ľ˾ڴ˵Ҫ£иͬʱ˵ĺ¡
ľ˾úܺá
Ȼ
ľ˾˵õŲȵȣڴЩ˺µʱݲ֮ûǮ
ǣľ˵Ǯڴ˺µʱ򶼻ˣҪѧڼҰǷ򸾶
ʱһֱϴѧѧΪҾ˾飬˾˲ͬ⣬ѧ
ʦ֪ºרŵżҷãľ˾ˡ裬ѧϰɼܺãһԿϴѧѧĻӰһ
ľ˾ˡԼûǮΪɣܾȥѧ
λʦͨ˾ˡĹȻദߣΪȡƶѧ
˵λʦĶˣѧ
ôԭΪ˵ľ˾ˡ裬ȴ˶ˡ
ȻͬȥѧҪÿȥ񣬲Ұæũ
ˣƾŬ˵سǵصѧ
Ȼ
õ¼ȡ֪ͨľ˾ˡٴûǮѧѣҲѣٴѧڼŸũٹȥֱӼˡ
һΣԡ
ϳ˼Ȼͨƶѧѧѣÿʱ׬ġ
꣬ľ˾ˡŲʣȨڡ
ĳɼ˴ѧΪ˴Ľľ˾ˡǵûΪ˶ģǸ̸һ£ˡ
һ죬뿪Ǹûκ¶ȵļңȻѧƾѧ𡢽ѧԼ׬ǮѧҵұҽԺ¼á
ʱľ˾ˡ費֪ĵõϢͻȻˣҪǮ
һΣ֮ˡ
ڶΣˡ
ΣûǮˣܾˣʹһ١
֮⣬ľ˾ˡ軹棬뾭ͬ⡣
飬եȡļֵһݸ߶Ĳ
ڽһϲûӾ˾ˡİţҲû˫ȫҪһǮĲûд֪ͨ˾ˡ衣
ľ˾ˡ飬ųݻǵĻҪֳֻͬʱҪϼĴТǶ֪ͨ
֮£˾˾ˡμӻ񣬵ȫûԷǰμӻ񣬲ףġ
ʲôʸǾ˾ˡ裿ǵĻ¾ͬ𣿻У㿴ӣһ첲ʲôʸȢǼǼҲ𣿡
˫ȫĻ䣬ľ㿪˿ģʽ
ˣ
ۿԼľ裬ں˫ȫһ򵥴ŭˣһŭȣȻίŭҵĻ£Լָֻţ⣬ǺʲôǲμҵĻ񣬿뿪
㡭
Ļľ߳ŭ֣Ҫ
Ȼ
ֱ۸ո𣬱㱻һֻץסˡ


1792 
˫ȫӳۣ̽һѿסûúߵİ¡
ӦҪһһ۸ľҲС
οһݣ
㡭Ҵң
ľץһȻŭ͵Ķȸ״
ͬʱľ˾Ҳǰͼץ˫ȫ֡
ֹֻ֡
˫ȫɫѿ˵ţȻɿ֡
£˫ȫȻͲ֪ʱ˾ˡ
֣˫ȫһʶҪɴкҡͷֹ
˫ȫط缸Ҳɣͣ˽Ųûǰֹվ˫ȫ
ɺطһ˾Ƶ꣬ûھƵſڵųӣط硢˫ȫ˴档
ӵִ֮ӭϣľ˾ˡǰһǰ档
ûûСҽѵôˣ
ɼߵ˫ȫߵʱľ
ȻҲףΪǣΪһϲôһ㣬˫ȫ㣬ҲῴԸ顣
Ļ䣬ɱվ˫ȫԣüľ衣
ڻӦ˿̵ĻҲڻӦ֮ǰĻ˫ȫʲôʸȢ
˭
ľһõؿɡ
˫ȫսѣҲϴ硣˵
Ŷзҵ˰ҹܽŮʲôϵ˵㣿ǡһ˰̣һ첲ˣѵǮǮĻΪʲô񶼸𣿡
ɵĻľ赱Ц
Щ˵ͽǮ޹ءü
Ȼ֪˾ˡ飬ϣԼʿ»֮գ裡
ûǮҳ㣿飿ҽѻˣǸǲ񣬷Ǿͬǽ飬Ҳ˳飡ľ跢ݵ˵
˭˵ǸҪٲ񣿡
һΣɿڣһԵЩջʵһ򣿻һǧֻҪǲҪ£û˳УǮ¡

Ȼһһǧ֣ľ˾ˡ赱ɵˡ
ǣЩͬ£Ҳһµؿ͡
һϹô˿ȥһһţ
һ̣гɻ
磬Ҳ˫ȫҪҲûʸ˫ȫҪ񣡡
Щʿ𾪵ͬʱٴοˡ
Էʱ֪ͺǮҲ֪طϰĺѧ󷢺ơ
ͺȵ˵ûУǮҴ磬ǶǷӵֵܣҪǮ˵
һ£ɣֻҪطһ仰Ļóһһǧ˫ȫ
ļһģôûʸҪǮˣ
ľ㣬ŭһȻͣüĿ̰֮Ҫ
Ȼ
Ļ˵ڣ㱻һͳϡ
ͬǿҪ٣һǮ١
طɵǰüľ裬ڣͬ⣬ǲһǮ
㡭˭
ľ衢˾˱Ҫ˵Ŀطϣµɴ۾ط磬־ŭ
˭ҪֵܻҵĻطޱػӦ
Ȼ֪˾ˡ֮飬֪һŮӣҲ֮ǰίͷŭı飬ֹ͸ǮжϳбȻ顣
ӳ
˫ȫʶؿط磬ط˵ǰԷ򸾵顣
˫ȫȰĺ˵ط˫ȫĻ
ǣӳ˫ȫ
˵ˣ첻ǮǾͲҪ񣡡ľ蹣Ųӣٴηݵ
ҿȷظǣȨֹⳡĽСҪֹƵ걣ὫǺȥҲὫǴߡط
㡭Ż˭أ
ľ;˾ˣطĻɫ΢΢һ䣬ǼǿӲ
ûŻ㣬ֻ㡣Уƽ͵ظ̸ֻΪľ˾ˡ裬ĻҪִһ̣Ѿˡ
طɫƽٲ첻ӹɣΪбǿʮٱͼ𺦹Һʱҵֵ˫ȫֻɱǡ
ৣ
ٴطĻ衢˾˵ɫڱˣüĿ֮ӿֳ˾塣
ǣЩͬ£Ҳһ𾪵ؿ˫ȫ
ǶԴɵĻȲμӵ񡪡ǿڵҵ𰸡
طٴοڣͬǸҲǣΪʲô޸ҵֵ˫ȫ
ǡǲأľʶʵ
飬ȵ֮һйǵһУǷǲ񡣡
طüͷסԲķ򸾣ڲĿԻ⡣ţֵ˫ȫûľǮֵǮ˵ӣǰ׸
áã
ľ˾ˡ۷ŹشӦ֪ΪطǾ⣬Ϊ׸֮ӡ

ͬʱЩͬ£ٴ±ˡ
ǵɴ۾ؿͣǸо·ʣռ˾ǵһ˵δּ׸֮ӣϹʲôôӵôţѣ
ϣ𰸻
뵽طĻȻ󿴵ľ˾ˡÿ˵·
ط״˫ȫͷٴα߽Ƶꡣ
հţҪȥױȻҪʼˡ
Ϊ֮ǰҡͷֹ˫ȫкԵʣط缸ҲûгɴкȴطʵС磬˵ĵϻҵʲô
Ҹ˫ȫ͵»ҲǸؽ׼ط˵
⡭׳ʲôϵ
ɫһ䣬𾪵ؿط硣
׳Ϊ˴μ˫ȫĻȻȥѵװ
ط΢΢۾һһؽ£Ҷȡ裡




1793 
ΪõǼƵ֮һ񶼴ƵкüΪ
˫ȫ»ٰ졣
طſڵʱ˫ȫĸĸվſڣӭ
Ŀ˼˫ȫߵģǱֻо˾ˡλݺһЩͬ¡ѧͬѧ
塢̣λҺ˫ȫ׳׳صشྩϹμ˫ȫĻ񡣡ط˫ȫĸĸɡ
ס׳ãлڰæ֮гμ˫ȫĻҲлͲڹȥЩж˫ȫ࣡
˫ȫĸæ˫֣Եúܼں׳ֵʱЩ
Ϊײϰյû̫Ļ׳֪ԴڵӣǱʶΪǺܴܴĹ١
һǰμӶӵĻܲ
ĳ˵˫ȫĸҲϹèӡ
Ϊƶߣǻߺٽ֮һͨ˶ǺܴĹˣ;кܴռ䣡
ˡ˫ȫǲӵʿڷڼٻٰۣܶӦǰף
ͬ˫֣˫ȫ׵֣лΪǲӺͻľ˫ȫʿͬʱҲӶûб˫ȫź
£ɿ˫ȫ׵֣ŶԷ
ס׳ʹãʹð
˫ȫĸ׶ʱˣЩ֪룬ȻϰɺطϹ
塢̣ǾͲҪˡ
طæǰһѷס˫ȫĸĸȻ˺ܶ࣬Ҿȴ׳ȥˣǼӭͰɡ
ҡҴǽȥɡ˫ȫĸ˵
ãҵսǶȥˣֱӵָӾС
طЦҡҡͷȻɣ˫ȫĸ͸жıУ
Լаôǰһε̨̨·ڷʮŲÿһŲ϶пƣ
˿̾ʼʮˣǻˣڸԵԣȲ衢ྐྵ졣
ط˵Ӱھ̨ĵطҶŮ͵ѾˣǼط߽׷׻ʾ⡣
طɼ״ֱ˹ȥ

׳
طߵߵʱҶ˷׷ʺãΪǹڳϣûо
ɡ
΢΢ףʾ¡
طڣ˶󣬲½¡
Ƕɵء
Ͼ׳Ҳǳ
֮һŹӣһߵȴŵʼоڴ
ȻղھƵſںܺطеﵽʲôûȲشɰʵףطһͬ˾Ƶꡣ
Ϊ˫ȫ»ܿҪʼˣط粻ܲڳ
ңط˵𰸣ɸڵм֤
ͬڴĻЩͬ£ľ˾ˡЩ档
Ǻ棬Ǹۡ˰̵꣬ʲôĵط
ʮһʮ֣һֳֻ̨ͲøдԵ˵ǡŮʿǣӭǰμ˫ȫСĻΪǵѣһȲ뿴ǵĵˡ棬ǳ
žž
У֣վ̨ͨϣܰڷŻ
Ưӣ
ܿ죬˾óֻʼա¼Ƶ

˺о飬ץסԾա

ȫߺ
ˣ볡
ٴ˵ţȻͷơ
ܿģ˫ȫУ̨һ룬̨
֮ͬǰȥʱһ˫ȫȻžװ·ʱ̧ͷͦأÿһ׼һ¡
Ҷˣ죬ǵɹٴһװΪһˣ죬봩İľװӭȢİ
󣬵˫ȫߵ̨ϺٴοڴȫİȻؿطһۣż˵չӦɡڼһЩƬƵ
֮ǰһЩףƵЩδܵμӻ񣬵ͨƵķʽɡף
˵Ļ£ĵƹ˵ĿⶼͶ̨ĴĻȴƵף
ˡ
ʱɿڴֻ
óֱֻӾܽӣʾĺ֮󣬶ʱͣɫҲһ䡣
Ϊʾĺؽİ칫绰
ֱ첽̨Ͻһţ׼ȥؽĵ绰ͬʱҲ͸ŷۿҪŵףƵ
Ȼ
ߵſڵʱƵûš
ΪˣֻȽͨ绰׳
ɣȥ񶼲μԭֲսԱ˫ȫĻˣؽżɽʵ
ϾͻֲȫԱףϾıͻĽ˫ȫֵܣ»֣ͻʱӭؼң
һ̡
ش̨󷽵ĴĻϳһ档
УϰѵսԱȫװվѵϣ˫ȫףҷ׷׾񣬶һ
ǵͨȣÿһ䡣
ſڵɣÿһ˶һ
绰ͷؽҲˣüͷһٴʵڻֳ
찡ɹϾı
˵ͻֲӣϾǿֲӣ
ﴫ󾪺ͨߵ磬شؽĶУڼӵػش⡣
ԭսСӶӳطڲڻֳ
ؽֵͳ˼֣֪Ϊӵ绰ķʽأΪϾͻֲȫԱΪ˫ȫףܲ
׳ֳ
ʵ˵ţȻĿͶط磬̲סԼСǿʼ




1794 ֣˾
аԼͬʱؿ˫ǫ̈̄ϱĿɿڴ
֣Կ϶˫ȫƵ֪飬Ƶͬ²һط֮֡
ͬʱǸɣͻֲӵףƵǶ˫ȫ»񣬾ط͸ؽƵ޷ؽ׷£
ɣԭսСӶӳطĿǰڱͨȴսСȫԱһͬμӻ񣡡
ɻڴͬʱ绰ͷؽٴοڣأҲ֮ߣʲô˼Υϼ췴
ã𾴵˫ȫξҵĶˡǻĿѧԺɽҲѾˣԶսﺣҴӵоȳϲӣף»֣
֮ͬǰһɿڣ̨󷽵ĴĻһһԼİ칫Ϊ˫ȫ»ף
⡭ɽԺʿ
֪ǻĻҽѧĶרңҲǻԺʿ
ϹȻȹɽԺʿ
ףƵֳ֣ٴһ󾪺ļλͬ¡
ͬΪҽߵǣ֪ɽʶֵüΪ𾪡
ЩͣȻ֪ɽʲôˣԺʿǣ
ͬʱſڣɿһУûлӦؽ
׼ȷ˵֪λӦ
ͬʱط羫׼沿ֳ˺棡
֪ΪΣ绰ͷؽҲûп
ã𾴵˫ȫξǼݴѧҽѧоԺʷ˹лսѴϵף»֣
ܿ죬̨󷽴ĻĻٴлгһ׷ˡ
¼Ƶʱƺ˱ڰ²ĺڰ£Ҳ뵽˱طʱΣֵʮּ֮гŸм
찡ȻǼݴѧʷ˹ʿ
ƵһһҽԺĻʿٴʧˡ
ΪݴѧɽɽУųȫѧʥͶĴѧ
ʷ˹ǸУ̩ɽ
Ϲȹˣ
ӦӦ˵Ϲ׾˶ٴ
ʿҲھ
˹̹ѧҽѧԺƶ
ǽŴѧҽѧԺ
ţѧҽѧԺɭ
ǹѧҽѧԺʷٷҡ
𾴵ĶˣлսΪһУף»֣
⣬ǶǵжʹģƷҪǵĵطʱϲϵǣǻڵһʱϵڵĳУΪƣ

ӦһƴƵȫѧҽѧԺĲʿһͬΪ˫ȫ»ף³ŵ
һΣЩҽԺҽʿͳͳɵˡ
ΪһѧЩҽߵʥ
һλλھͷˣȫҽѧ쵱רҡʿ
ЩרҵݡλϵȨˣõһ˵ľζһ׵飬ƣ췽ҹ̷
ʱ˿̣Щȫҽѧ֪̩ɽھͷǰֻ̬Ҫ˫ȫһ仰ǻһʱģ񶼣
ǵ𺳣ֱ޷ݣ
ŴͣѵؽĿӴĻŲͶǸ֮ǰвֵȥ޵ĶϣһξԼǶô֪
ͬʱԼףΪ˫ȫʧȥһֱۺ¿ֲ˰̵ǰ£Ȼѡ޸˫ȫˡ
Ȼ
ʵϣǲס
Ϊ֪һС
һ̣ҲһζƵĿɿڴ
𾪵ͬʱҲ֣
ǸΪԼɷĶ꣬е
̨ϣ˫ȫǲܿƵز
ͨƵ֪ղΪףڰ²ȻǾȳ֪Щ˵ݣģδס
ýֺͷҲ뵽Щҽѧ̩ɽڽһףȫΪط磡
˫ȫӥŮҶսСӵԱҲһ㣬׷׿ط硣
վſڵȻ
ɣҸһμӻô
ʱྩؼҴԺ鷿ؽٴοˣͳ˼¡
ΪͷؼҼû˸Ҹͨʱװ
ã˫ȫξϲ̹ܽҲֲ̹١ţӦüǵҡҽ¼ƵĿġ
һ»ϲӣҴҸ˺ϲӡֲף»֡
ڶж˵۵飬źΪֲһУľ޴ףϲӻо䷢ʿѫһöǻὫʿѫʼĵزţɹԱת㡣
ȻӻֲˣԶֲӵһԱ
κѣطϽϲӺֲд
طϽ
ǸԼӳΪӳɰ꣬Ͻ
Ļ˫ȫĸĸֱ˾ξˣ
ৡ
ͬʱ̨ϵ˫ȫͨеԵӥҶŮͣǲԼͬؽĿͶط硣
һ̣һؿط磬Ǹо·ʣطʲôʱϽˣ
⡭
ſڣףط͸ؽﵽʲôˡط粻ֲͨҳΪֲϽ
⡭𺳣Զ˫ȫˣ
ž
ɴлعͲдһ졣
ؼҴԺ鷿
ؽһͲ䣬ݺݵ˰칫ϡ
ˣ


1795 ȥ
ͲͻȻξѡԼڸؽͨأ
Ȼ
ھѹȴʶȤû˵
ΪܹԼλǿ׳˿̵ıһǳʣҲһܸӡ
ϾڸղţؽսСȫԱطһͬμ˫ȫĻ𣬽ת֮䣬طǵٱϲͨϲӵϽ
һĶ⣬ؽϣ
һ£˵ʲôؽġ˿ڡΣؽΡ
쵼ܵʱҿڣʿĴɣƱػΪ쵼ŭйڡ
ڲ꣬Ȼֵ᷸ͼ
ཡཡ
ȻӺͲдä
ؼҴԺ鷿ؽĬĬعҶ˵绰
Сڸ׳ڿӣؼҴԺһ֮𣿡
ͲдäȻطڵȥ
ͬʱҶ˷׷Ŀɿڴؿط磬ȻڸղǷǵ
ϡϴɶʱϡϽˣ
ţţҶȴлع񣬿ʳеɻ
ǰ졣
طƽ˵˵һ΢С£û˿Ľϲá
ֲﺣж֮طԴսĴˣսƵĺϽ֫ΪɣϲʩѹҪطϾ·ͥ
ѹϲӵĴһʼͬ飬Ҫط絽ϲܲкʹҪľЭץط磡
Ȼ
飬ϲڲźܴķ硣
ΪǣǿҷԣֹһڻӣҪȡ
Ҳڹȥһʱϲʼûľʩѹûǰȥץطԭ򡪡Щٶǿҷԣ˭ȥץ
־һֱֵطɱ֯ͻѧͽĶʹ׺һ졣
Ǽ鴫֮ϲӵһʱ֪ϢרΪ˶ٿһר顣
󣬾о׷طԴսˣԿսƵĺϽ֫Σȡطͨط絣ֲĸˣĵؽطľεΪϽ
Ϊ׵ǼΪطȡģҲϲӵΨһһ벽ǿͬġ
ڻϵĻ˵
ǣǶǴжУֲӵΪһֲ֮ƻж㵼жʧܣ
׼ȷ˵ǻطǸؼʱͻƣеˣǴضʧܣ
չ涨ֲӵ˾Ӧñã
طȻδ㱨͵õǰ£ԴǼͽ
оŻܣ
ԵʱӶϾΪֲĸˣȫ⣡
ЩͽϵĺϽ֫¡
עһ㣬ûȫߣֻǴ˼ٵĲ֣ĿΪ˸սѣҲֲ˵ĶԱϡ
ϸ˵Υ˹涨˵ΪȻֵ⣡
ȻЩҽ췢Եص㣬Ϊ֮ǰĻѾ˵ֹһˡ
˵Ļϣܹ
ǣǶһ룬һʮˣӵлɱǿ߰սԻɱ˵İ벽ǿߣζʲô
ǣطǿѧţĳɳٶȿ漣չֳѧ츳ÿֲݣ
ֻҪʱ䣬һΪ벽ǿߣ
ʱĿ羳ɱսϽûĶ֣
пͻǸ˵е򣬳ΪȫΨһǿߣ
һǿˣǵֲˣȴҪϾ·ͥ
ģڿЦô
ţ죬ɱ˻׺׺ǻѧͽҲһͽ
ûǿӲҪץط磬᲻ѣ
ѵĻʲô
ǳе
ΪпܻˣΪڰһԱҳɳΪǿսڰ߸ĸ֣
ڣϺܶ˶µ
Ҳ˵˵Щ̫ˣҪǣ׿Ǹ׺˵ȥʷÿ˺ͺڰսʱǲͽ
ţҼǵһսУһ˵ͽǳս
ϣʷô

գֱⷬӸǳ鶨˻Ӷûһơʵֺľ
Щûиط磬ϵطֻ֮Ǹط˵ܿͻὫҪξﵽȫ
һ죬طǰ񶼣ڵ绰Ƴ·ҪξίæϵжеĻߣΪ˫ȫ¼Ƶ
һ죬طܲ⣬ûжʣǵһʱӦ񶼲֪еԵɡ
ط͸˫ȫ»ҲǸؽ׼

ط赭дĻطƽӣӥ塢ŮҶͶһͷߡ
ǿϽ
ҡϲӵϽ
ȫκһ˶ԣϵҫ
οطŲʮꣿ
ʮϽƽ룿
طûı飬ǵ֮󣬿ʵĵ绰ô
š
ɵͷ֪طеָ˭Ҳûһ㣬ͬʱЦǶλ󣬻ͲˣӦǱˡ
طĬϲ
졣
Ϊؽ׼ֻΪ֤ؽؼҴԺһǴģͬʱؽһ㡮Ϣ
õĽ
ֱͦٴ߽ؼҴԺվؽǰһ仰
벽ǿ˲𣿡




1796 ʿʿΪػ
ףƵѾֹͣˣȻһƬ
̨µıǻδӸղŵлعɲ˼ضŴĻϲӾװд
ͨУΪӵǽĿͶ̨ǸΪɷĶ꣬ĿгŽ
̨ϣ˫ȫĿͶ̨µط磬ĿгŸжм
֪طڽһһ֤㣬ľĻԻĻһԲľţΪף
شǧ
Ȼ
ڱǶԣ޷ط⣬ȴͨղǶƵ֪˫ȫǶô㣡
Уľ˾ˡ裡
һԵ뿪
ɽˮ
ǵ
ԵʣҲ˽޳ĺڵӸ
ǿղһףƵѡ뿪
Ϊͬط˵ǶƵҵ˴𰸡˫ȫһǳľˣӢۡ
ĺ̰ƣҲ˼ȥһλӢ۶թ
֮⣬Ҳط˵ֻо˾ˡ֮δһ˾ˡ飬˺ܶ¡
ǵģ˫ȫ֪Щ֮󣬷ǵǲ񣬷ҪǸһ
˫ȫǱɱˡ
֪˫ȫ᲻Ƕ֣
Ƶ˵˫ȫ⣬Ͻ
ʲô
޷⣬иǣ˫ȫˣҲὫ˫ȫ
ǵ˼άܼˣҲʵ۸ߣηǿߣ
أҿ˸ղŵףƵкܶдҲһ
͵ľ˾ˡȻȥͬʱ̨󷽴ĻѾ˫ȫĻɴգҲٴߵ̨м䣬ߵ˫ȫߣ˫ȫĿž⣬Ҿǵɹ𣿡
㣡
˵Ļ˵˼ʵͬӦ·ҪݶƷƵġ
ǵģǵɹ٣һľˣʿӢۡЩʻǶĵڹ͡
˽˵ҺңܹΪⳡˡ棬Ǽɹٹȥӭ
˵Ļ£ԭϲ֣׾ڵϲŵġҪ޸㡷
ͬʱ̨󷽵ĴĻϿʼ˫ȫĻɴա
һװ˫ȫϲУȫ˵ע£ųĲ
ܿģ˫ȫߵǰȻϥأеʻݵǰ
һ̣սѪᣬйعĸѪӣΪ˰鵥ϥء
ĵؽסʻϳЦݣз⡣
ҸЦݺͼˮ
ЦšţûȻ˫ȫ֡
˫ȫȻǣ֣ص̨
С㣬ҸղſˣΪǸж
һλḻ˾ǣڳʵ˽ĿͶҲעϡ
Ͼӵʼ֮˫ȫһֱǽ㡣
С
ʵ
ʱ˿̣ʲô˵𣿡˼ʵ
һ¶ҵүүְ̡嶼08ǳвȥˣұһžӷо˳
ˣıƽǳ֣ҵجΣݺڰǳجУðΣӪǵĽžսʿûûҹǵҽߣǳΪеĹ⣬ָ߳Ƕκڰ
ңһʿҵϹһˣƺ⡪лϵ۸ҹһȴͬʱΪҴһȴ
Ҳлǰμǻѣ
˵̨£Ϲ
žžž
̨£طڣ˶ⷬˣ鲻Խعơ
ô˵һλôǿһλŮӡ
ʧ֮˲ٴοڣʵС㣬ղ˵㰮˫ȫѡ޸ǲǺойأ
š
ͷܸɴسһ㡣
ڽ֮ǰ֪ɹЩӢ¼𣿡˼ʡ
֪ΪȻˣҪرܸڲӵ顣
ҡͷȻͷ˵ҲΪӢ۶Ϊ޸Ӣ۶е
žžž
̨£ٴ𣬶ұ֮ǰҡ
ɹ٣㻹ûнȢؼңӵӢۣ㽾𣿡ʵ˫ȫ
ҲӢֻۣԼıְһ˸þΡ
˫ȫ˵ҽǣܹȢš
~
ֱ˵һ黰̨Ҷ˷׷״塣
ҿ̨µİźһžװӦöսѣʲô˵𣿡ʵ
ֵǣܹһѵһսܸлμҵĻΪһУ
˫ȫ£ٴ
ɹ٣㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡˺ܺõذѿŽࡣ
лܹμҺĻҲлΪһУף⣡
˫ȫٴοڣһΣ˵Ļǰ׼õģŵĹл˵
˫ȫ仰ʶҪ̣ʼһڡ
Ȼ
˫ȫڴ˿ֿˡ
ڽҪرлһˡ
̨ϣ˫ȫ˵ţĿͶط磬Ȧ΢΢죬Щӳ˫ȫҪı
ৣ
£˫ȫط羴
۵þʥľٶ˶طľл⣡
⣡
̨£ط˫ȫĻͷһгֵ˫ȫӣԺֵ︡ȴǳǰΡ
ͬĳͬ뿪ͬĻ
ৣ
طվ˫ȫһ񣬵ʲôû˵
һжھУʤ
ӳ˫ȫС֤ˣ̨
󣬿ط˫ȫֱۣ˵Ŀطϣгž⡣
Ƿݾ⣬Ϊ֪ط֣֪ղǶξ׵ףƵطصؽڵвŵġ
֮ûط֣Ҳطصضġطع⣬̨µı֪ƵеλϽԻ䶯ȫ
ط粻Ը⿴ġ
ĺ䶯ûκ壬ⳡ˫ȫ
á
ط΢ЦŻӦˣȻ˵ע£̨
ܹΪ˫ȫ֤ˡ
طӹ˵ĻͲ˫ȫڣ쳹ȫ
ҵֵ˫ȫһʿػػңػƽΪСʿػһһף»֣
žžž
̨£ٴ
̨ϣ˫ȫ档
ʿʿΪػ



1797 ޲ɢϯ
һԣ֮󣬶кӰϰס͸ĸѵҪӰ
˫ȫĻҲ⡣
Ϊ˻ˣҾ˾ˡҲβͻˣʶ㽫ĸһڸȡˡ
̨ϣ˫ǫ̈̄µط֣׳ӳֵǣӰ
׳һȥ
طɵһ̨ͬ
˫ȫ׳ǺһţȻٸǺһš
ط缸̨֮΢Ц˵
һŮͬҲһŮԼɷӦúط˴žװһš
⽫ǷǳһƬ
ԣ㲻˵Ҳ㶼ˡ
˫ȫԣһΪԼ˵ú
طԭҲ˼˵֮󣬰г˸ĴָȻ˫ȫ˫ȫ׳վм䡣
ӳ׳վмɣվϡ˫ȫͷҡø˹Ƶġ
ɹ٣ǽǣôվأ
ط˵ϰԵʽĿǡ
ǣ
˫ȫʶȻߵм䣬طվ˫ȫࡣ
ǡ
󣬵طվ֮ʦһ˿ż
涨
սСѵõĺգҼɡ
Ψһźǣɽûдװ
룬ֺһӰ
Ӱ֮طҪ̨ȴͬǷ׷̨ԣһι˧ŵıǣǵȵȣ¸ǺӰòã
ԡ
ط缸˿ڻӦɱЦŴӦȻ̨
ط缸˿ЦãȻվһԣЩʿ˫ȫ˺Ӱ֮ǰǽкӰ
һ
Ӱʦ֣ط׼
ð
ʿǶʱЦšţ֡죬ƶ˳
طˣӱֱņ̀ͷͦأĿǰվˡ
һŻܹƬ
ഺ䡣
ǾˣǱ
һ죬Ǳذһ𣬶ͬһƬУΪһõĻ䡣
Ӱ֮󣬵ʽˣƵ꿪ʼŷԱϲˡ
˫ȫȥƵ귿ȥϾƷ󣬱Ҫطڵʼƣطֹȥ˫ȫĳ
˫ȫطƴӣȸǾƺ󣬲Źط缸˾ơ
˫ȫͲҪˣһһ顣
õģ׳˫ȫʶػӦ
»֣
ط˶Ʊ˫ȫٴ»ף
һ¶ǣ˫ȫӼƣط˳˼ڲ˺󣬱Żҵĳ棬ȻϢ뿪
Ƕ
طġ
Ϊ֪ǲȻȥ˫ȫĻǸֱѪĺӣԻ޵ϡﻩ
˫ȫϲӣϣ˫ȫ
ңطҲ˫ȫ˹ýעԼһϣӶ͡
ӣҪҪһྩ
֮Ҷ̲סʵ
ǶķɻһͬྩȻֱӻء
ΪǺһĹԱ˲ͬûй̶ڵģʱҪΪѵá
Ǻ׳Ȼȥɣһ¡طҡͷ
ޣԣ㻹Ҫȥļ͡
Ҷ뵽ļׯ԰顪طӦļҼ껣æ˫ȫĻ֮󣬻Űݷá
С磬¾ȥæɣùǡ˵
׳żȥ
طԸӵ˵
޲ɢϯ
˫ȫˣ
طԣֺγˣ
ȻϲӳͨҼϽ֪ԼӦûлصˡ
Ѿˣָؽһġ⡯ؽӵԸ񣬾Բȥġ
һ£ɵһҪ֪ʱˡ
á
ɲط쳣Ҳµط˼ûپܾ
ӣھƵ㣬Ҵ绰ͳû˵һ䡣
ʱͿȥӵģߵʱȴʶȤزȥȻҲǲµطҪͱսѣȥ̫ʡ
һСʱط罫ɵ͵˻
ڼ䣬˫ȫ˵绰طûнӣҲûнӣֻǸһϢֵܣշأ
ӥӦûزȥˣǡ
ڣطӥŮҶͻԶվڵǳ˾ѵ֮⣬ҲҪѧѵˡ⣬˼νѧս֮С
ǣӳ
ӥʶͬʱҪ񣬵طֱۡ
ӣӸңҸսһֳţ»;ҪһģҪսָӣදٶŭطҶ
š
Ҷ֣صͷг˲ᡣ
Ϊ׷طĲξֱٵò׽ˣطȴҪ뿪ѹ
Ů֮ѧ츳õģⷽ໨ЩѧʵһѼ⵶ӷطֿŮ
ǣʦ
ŮȦȴ΢΢죬г˲ᣬͬطһαսڻͱʱһ
طȺԳͻ嶣˼䡣

һУط֣ȭڿС
޵У
ӥҶ˷׷ȭطȭͷײ
ˣǰɣҸ׳䡣
طջȭͷЦ˵Ȼ󲻵Ҷ˻ػֱת
תһ˲䣬ؿһ󷢶£Ȼ³һɡ
ˣЦʵ
׳һܻȥ𣿡طɬһЦ
ڿϽ׳ҳܲ𡣡
ܹطκͲᣬЦŵ٩ͷϲǱʲôǰ֪ͨңҺ׼
׳ۺʱεأҶıطһ˵
֪Ҳһֱ㵱ҵĽ
ͷЦݡ
ط᲻ֺγط뿪
׳δҪִرΣյ񣬼ǵ֪ͨҡط˵
Ȼ
Ļ˵꣬㱻ɴϣѾɳˣұһ뿪ʱҪǿӦöκͷġ
ǰЩǵʵȻûģҵġ
֪㵣ǻǿߡˣл֯ءĿߣǻϻ֯ġطļٴδطĻ
Ҳǡ
طЦЦ׷
С磬ǶԣҸİȫ
طˣɵüĿ֮ȴ¶˵ǣȻڵʵǿҪԵĵ˱鲼ȫ򣬼ȫءһҪС£Լ
İɣ׳Сʱ򣬵ûɱң͸ˣ
طһŵ˵
ǷţͨһһɱһطĴ˵ģ




1798  ȦҰǣڷ
طͱɡҶŮ˺󣬻صͣȴû뿪
һ̣пյģһ֧̣û̵ϰߣû̡
Ƭ̺ط绺³һȻһʱ䣬ֻ磬ȥļׯ԰Űݷ껡
ӦҪŰݷãԼӦòֹȲô򵥣пܻ飬Գʱ磬ȥˡ
һСʱطļׯ԰
ղͬļׯ԰ſûкѹѹȺЩĿ껸ط罻֮󣬱뿪ļׯ԰뿪񶼡
Ϊط缰˫ȫǸԳֻɱʤԷ书ϳͽ书ѩ׼ϼŶ³̵ְʱ䴫˻ȫѧ磬˲Сĺ䶯
ںܶ˿طѾֻǻѧһôˣѾΪѧľͷˡ
һ˳ƺš
һ仰ʢطڻѧĵλѾԻѧѧƽƽˣ
ͬһļׯ԰ſȻվű͹ѵطıѾˡ
ϳļңǸļҵݣҲܵǣպļҵҲùˡ
վ飬ͻȻһʻӭȥ
ط罫ͣ£򿪳
ءشʦ
ط磬˲侪Ŀɿڴ
ȻǶ֪طҪļׯ԰ݷõ飬û뵽طô졣
ΪҪǣطǵʵ̫ң˿ٴμط磬Щ¡
껴ʦ㱨һطŰݷá
ط΢Цſڣ˵ͬĻ
áõģشʦ
ξѣӦȻʶطȴǲԵģֱֲӰѳȥҹȥ߸㱨
õģлл
ط΢ЦлȻʻļׯ԰ֱļׯ԰ȥ
νҲļҵݣһʽͥԺ
طִͥԺſڵʱѾصſڵȴˡ
֮⣬һɫ۵ӡɽӣļׯ԰ȡѩɳΪļҵļ
С硣
طֵܡ
شʦ
ۿط³껡ɽӭϣֱ𿪿طкƺͬ
УԳĿǳƺطΪС磬ҲڱԼط磬ļطĹϵ
ɽӳطΪʦǱʾطء
Ĵʦֵܡ
طǻӦ껡ȻĿͶɽӣԷһʦѾ书˶ǿߵĵز
شʦҽɽӣСС塣ɽӱȭطԱ
ãĴʦ
طԣ뵽ᵽҪɽȡѩɣаļеͬʱɽӻͬôʦƺɽӡ
ʦֲҵҪ˵شʦȣСûȡ
ɽӿЦһȻһƣشʦ룡
á
طͷȻ˽ͥԺ
ͥԺռܴмһ֣һ̨ŹӶµĲߣܰڷŴľӡ
طֵ߽ʱһµŮӣ衣
شʦ
ŮӼط̷вߣȭطʺã֮г𾴣Ŀгź档
Ȼܺ棬طһɵˣôѧ֮·ߵñļǿ죬ɾ͸
Ůѩɽܵ
ãС㡣ط绹
ѩջĿ⣬裬ط
ܿ죬ѩò裬ֱֻüӼеط硢껡ǰ
ͬʱɽشʦһҪҸ׻Сġ
õģĴʦ
طӦиӿ϶ԼǲǺȲô򵥣ɽӡѩŮ˲ܿ
С񴨲Ҷ࣬㳢ô
ɽӴѩ뿪ڣطƷ衣
ĴʦҲȲûطЦЦȻһڡ
ףΪ㶮ʵҲǺǡЦ˵
طֵܣҪģף²۾Уȴ书زʵ˸е˼顣Եظ̾
㰴ļǧϰߣȫ䣬ķԴļһӱΪļǿˡ
ССѧߵ·ͬ
껽Ļ˵ΪսսѧǿˣѾɱͬҳ㷹ԣѧɱ鷽棬޷ġҲѧﵽ߶ȵҪԭ֮һ
Ĵʦˡ
طа껵֮ǿ˼֮ܣֵúǫ顣
С磬ⲻޣʵ
ЦЦȻһ£żڵС磬и֮벻֪ܲ˵
Ĵʦ˵
껵Ļӡ֤طǰжϣͬʱҲĺġ
С磬Ҵ˴γأ񴨣һΪ˴飬С㡪ҲҴ˴γԭ򡣡
껲ڣֱ˵Լ룬ͬʱڴؿط硣
ͷܾˣͬʱҲǰطҪ֮һ
طֵܣԼʵ̫ˡ˵׻Ƶڵ䡢ɽɵӥͼҵļԶҲȥһ𡣡һڴ˵
ֵܣ׻Ƶӭ㣡
ط΢΢һЦӸ𸴡
лл
껡үԣһϲͬصл
Ĵʦֵܣǿˡļǻѧϡضǿѧ壬̼ļ洫ĸǿ£ȫѧ硣ֵ׻Ƶ׻ƵĺӴѧǺǵˣ
ط΢Ц˵֮⣬Һӥ䡢ֵ̽֡дͽѧҲһ£
С磬ʵ̫ǫˡ
ЦЦȻطС𣬼ȻشʦԸȥ׻ƵһҪúϧشʦѧϰĻᣬͬʱҪΪشʦ׻Ƶܼ飡
İɣүүҶá𺩺ЦЦ
С磬ȻС׻Ƶǽ׻Ƶ£㾡ܿڣļģ岻ݴǣ
ֽĿͶط磬һŵνѪ
Ϊ׿طδĳɾͲ˵һ㡣
ȦĻҰǣطһڷɵľ
ֻȦĻܸط磬պѧĳɾͿ϶




1799 صοʼĵط
峿طǰ׼ɻȵִڳǣȻڳǳǰ׻Ƶ
еĻ͡
ʹ˴ǰ񶼲μ˫ȫĻ񣬱Ϊطžۣ֪طҪ̷׻ƵƤҪһȥ˼壺ȥϸţԺط˿ֱӹȥͬʱǱʲôҪĽĵطҵǮĽһ¡
ط˵ִڳǻʱһˡ
Ѱź˽ӻˣ˾ط֮ĸСʱſ׻ׯ԰Ǹͣ㡣
ԲۣҪСʱɽ·
³󣬵֪ҪСʱɽ·ʱ˪һˡ
ԣ·Сʱ£οɽ·
ֵܣûϵҿԱ·캩Ц
ǵ͵罻ˣ˹ϵ˴ֵˡ
ã
ҡҡͷ̫ˣͬʱݵ˵УλȥĿ·һֱ޵׻ƵſڡһԺȥ׻Ƶͷˡ
㻹绨ʱ䣬㲻ߣҲǿ塣һ·ͲѾˡط˵
У̣ʱֲôƯСҪȥοܰʱ仨棿·㣬ֻҪǮλ·ܿͻͨˡ
͵ͷҡø˹Ƶģ˵ʱǽһɷǸо޲֪Ǯƽ¶¡
Сʱط˲ߵ׻Ƶſڡ
ɽׯſڣ¡䡢ӥͼѵȺʱù֮󣬷׷ȥҩԡˡ
Ҷ˶û
ϾҶطʦ⣬ǳԵſӭӲ̫ʡ
񰡣굽ˣ
ͼǱطϵɽׯſڵģǹǦƵģ˼һƨ˵ϡ
شʦĴʦ
طֵܣֵܣ
¡䡢ӥͼ˷׷û̱ڵϵͣͬʱطʺá
УǵһμֻԵġ
䡢ӥͼ˶Ѳǵһμˡ
ձ̵ǿɽһսѧ磬ѧսɽһ̱ɵöܣź
һս䡢ӥͼԺ̵Ӱ졣
һսȥ𣬲ʶˡ
طһ׻ƵǾú˷ܡ
ΪĵǶһͬ飬һ׳׻ƵʵҲһλõʦ
С㡢ֵܡӥֵܡֵܣա
¶ʽĺЦݣӦˣһֺƵĸо
ֵܣһ˲˵һǶ׻ƵͥһԱľؽȺá
طЦЦͨһĽ֪һǵˣµ͵ʶһֺʵĸо
ֵ˵öԣֵͲҪˣЦŵ
ӥͼҲǸ͵ͷ
˽ɽׯ
طǴȥʦҶ˸棬ȻǰȥԷ
һҹΪ׻ƵԵʣط硢䡢ӥ˰ѾԻºҶֻǲ˿ͷ
Ϊھžƣطڣˡ
ڶһ磬طԴ뺢Ǽ棬ܸ˺ǡ
Ƕλʦܺ棬Ҳ飬Ҳƾ̣һͺǻ죬һƬ
ͬҲһ죬ӥͼȺдһͳͳҰܡ
ûв롣
һԱдûȤΪøд贿Űۻѧ磬һ֮УΨطܹѹ
ǿСҲֻЪ˵ķݡ
ϾСҰܸձ̵ǿɽһ̣Ӳʵѹɽһ̵ġ
ͣÿ˯Ȼѣɹ̫Ȳ裬ϺȾƣգһ볣סͷ
Ҳֻˡ
ʱͽӵ绰˾кüҪĺȥǢ̸İ塣
绰Ͳò뿪
뿪ǰһҹûȥƴƣطס
ӣ׼ضҪҪһȥ죿
ͺطԺǳȻ󲻵طشֲȻ¾˶ͦģֹһθҴ̽Ϣ֪ʵ֪ϵʽȷĴԴ绰
طԣһ㱡
һμȻ¾ˣڶĽſڡ
һ죬ֺ̫Ȼ¾ˣطһٱ
һкط˵ټ뿪˻ġ
һμ滹԰
һ죬Ҳڳһͬ԰ķ򸾳˶ٷȻط绯¾ǰŲȺңһѹһ
糱ط簵̾ϢԼԴ뿪֮˼ϵ̫ˡ
⣬骡
ͼطû˵ֿ˵
ôˣطʵ
ǰʱض̾ˡ
˵ҲǰʱȻ¾Ǿ۵ʱġ
˵͵ıЩŹ֣һֹӡ
ӣлû˵ꡣط״ֱӵ
ӣһ죬ΪʲôྩܲҪض㵱̾ȶˣֱ¶
Щε˵Բ𰡣ӣ֪ȻСʵͷ㡣ԣʱ¶󣬳Ρ
˵ʲôطٴʵ
صοʼĵطԭ
ʵش𣬲Ҳģ骵ʱ
طͷ΢΢һ




1800 
Ķڵú磬չ̫Ҫɽͷˡ
֣Աѵ°ʱ䡣
æµһ骣һɫӴ£׼뿪칫ҡ
ټ
칫һ̾Ҫ뿪к
Ҳ°ɣúùĩ
΢΢һЦȻ˻˻֣뿪˰칫ҡ
ڰ칫¥˲ˣ˶кˡ
ȻŸջصϰ༸£඼ͬ¡
骵Ĺͬϵͳ˶ܾȡ
Ϊܲأ飬൱ҵϵԾšǨԶڻ㵥λһмֵ
һ㼫ټҪôǸͻΪ˴ѣ˹ˡܲĳ￴УҪôǼйϵͿڱҲ̫
骵ߵʱ򣬼˶Ϊǵڶ
һ£ֻص˺̾ӣƽ˵ǳ˵Ԥϣ
Ϊͨ˵ྩܲἶսʡϵͳغܳƽսڱͨսټڹϷܵ˳ͷ
ƽܲ㣬亱ֻһֿܡ׵ĳ
Ȼ
֪ǾҵĺֿԼڡ
֪骵үүѾˣ˵һ¥δܳɹҾðػпܸйء뿪֮Сۡ
骵үүھϣҲձ˻Ϊ骣ο骵ĸɻأһöɡ
骵үүǨϵأøϵͳĴйϵأ
Ҫ˵Ļ߼û⣬ʵϣ鲻ǣϣ

һʱ䣬ĳ칫ϲԵˣ۲ݡ
һУ骲֪顣
׼ȷ˵ղûǼ˵ۣڹȥʱ˹ԼһЩ
͡⡣
̬ȡ
ΪԼΪʲôҪص
߳칫¥ֱҰԵˡ
ǰطӸϴѶΪطϱܼ𼫸ߣϻŮ˽˹ϵδܲ鵽ֻ÷ط뿪
ʱ׼ط⣬пŰ۵ˣط磬ոط˹ưɣطССһѡ
뿪֮һֱá
ɿסڵһξƺط确ˤӡǸС
һУƺһźܴĲͬ
ˡ
ϳ֮󣬸Ҫֻ𶯵óһǸ׵磬ֱӽͨܿ˸骣°𣿡
°࣬׼ؼҡʵ
үүգҪ˻ؽլμᡣѵ
֪ˣ֣һǰϻȥġ骻ص
á
ԣȻѯ骽ΣûʳڣֱӹҶ˵绰
Ϊ骵Щѣѹû¡
ΪҪǣ֪Ůרſͬѧµغ֣ȫΪط硣
Ųط磬
෴ַʽȥ䣬˵˵ԼУ
~
骽븸ֻֽͨڸʻλϣֻһ
΢΢Щɻؿһֻʾø־ʤĵ绰ԥһ£ǽˡ
骣°˰ɣֱӰյطϹУǵ㡣־ʤ˵
磬ҽȥˡ骿ھܾˡ
Ϊʲô֮ǰǸ˵ԷңΰҲڰҸҲˣźΰԲ̫ʰ־ʤЩˡ
һֱ־ʤŬظ骽ܸѣλྩ骾ܾİй˾ܡ
ʼûͬ⣬Ҳ飬ִ˲ƣһֱδ
еĺΰǾкؼɫĺ
ΰүү骵үүһ𹲹¡ӡ
骵үүǨʧܣΰүүͷʮ㣬пܰٳ߸ͷһ
Ϊ˵ϵ־ʤСʱͺΰһֹͬ͡ͶһУУѡ
ΪˣһֱϵϵͨѸط硢Ҷֵܲͬ
ΰ־ʤΪѰҵΡѡһ
죬òԼźΰһȴܲż
磬ҽЩͲȥˡҸΰ˵Ǹ
ٴοھܾȻ󲻵־ʤػֱӹҶ˵绰ҽֻػˡ
һУֱǰطСѣ׼Сš
Ϊԣһӡ
ǰĽ졣
طСѾԻ
Ҳһ죬ƱףҽŮĵһθط硣
һط֮⣬˭

ʻ
طһͬ߳ڣ¸ǵ
µ֪طҪض֮󣬸ط磬Լһ˽ȥүүɡ
ٹ죬үүļˡ
ڣרŵȺӻˡ
һ͵˾һǰŵˡ
£ҾͲؽˣǱæˣ绰ط˵
õģµͷ
ͣ㹫˾£ֱȥæɣùҡطֶ˵
ðɣǵæ˴绰پ۾ۡ
á
طͷȻ͡¸𣬾ֱǰͣ
һߣһóֻ骵ĵ绰
Ȼ֪ڻסڵǶȷǷڼҡ
Բĵ绰ѹػ
ܿ죬С㶯
طֻֻ˾ֱӽ͵סСſڡ
˽ʲôӣǡô



1801 Ҫ
ӵʱɫѾ׺
һžƵأסСſͣ־ʤһӳ¡
겻ǱˣǺؼһܳĴΰ
ʮͷѾǴУˣΪľǱ֮һ
ΰС۾Ƥ𪣬¶ûоӦеϢǸ˼ĸо
Ϊߵְڣ佫ڣ˳֮⣬ûоѵ
˻
ΰ³֮ôһ£ôô䣿
ֲǲ֪Ǹ䣬¶ֻͣҪñůʩҲûˣϷһϷ䣬䵽־ʤЦ
־ʤðȥ骵ס᲻᲻̫ã
ΰһǰͨסլСԳɵ˵
Ҹһ𣬺
־ʤӦػһ䣬ң˵Գûᰲοһ¡
İɡΰЦЦ
ΪСʱطڵϴΪ֪ط骵Ĺϵ־ʤһʼ骵ʱǾܾġ
Ȼ
־ʤѾط˹ϵϵˡ
ЩĶ
ΪȦӣŵԵͬʱҲϣһܹס
ȦΪƷģ˭Ҳܲ˭Զпɽʱֻάֱޡ
ںΰ骳˸طһ۵֮⣬һĽ󡪡òġʡȵȣһĴڣ˽ܼ㡣
Ķ󣬺ΰûдӦ־ʤ
Ϊ˵үǨʧܡµ顣
ζѾʼ·ˣؼҷͷʢڻ࣬ٹ꣬ҾͲŵˡ骼޸Ǹʣ
ΰ˼гүү֧֡
һүүүӵǲϵ
һ棬үү˵ˣ骵үүȻˣпô˴ı˸ҵδ骵ĸ棬ǰܹ㡣
һ£ΰͬ־ʤġڸүף֮ǰǰ
ļƻδ־ʤǣߣ骽нӴǱ˴˸оĻ˾үӴٵӣ鶨

ѻص˼Уһ׼Ҿӷͬһֻ˵èһ㣬ɳϡ
ûǰ㣬ֻĴйطϢ
ΪԴط뿪֮󣬻ľڼطˡ
ɳϣ֮·𿴵طڲԣѾԻĳ︡ط罫§ڻе龰
糱ֱӻпѹֵ˼
Ҳ֪ϵʽҪҪҪϵʽȻ绰
ͬŵӰһ骵Ժ֣︡Ͷط˼ﵽһ£ץһЩذԼ

һ̣ͻȻ

ͻ˲佫骾ѣҲӸղż˼߳³һһȻЬſȥһһʣ˭
骣ң־ʤ
ܿ죬־ʤ
硭磬ôˣ
ЩʵȻǰ򿪷š
ţ
Ŵ򿪣骷־ʤźΰһ
˵㲻Ȼ绰ҲͨˣҺͺΰ㣬Թ
־ʤ˵ţͬ⣬źΰ߽骵ס
ã骡
ΰ΢Цų骴кĿͦεɽͣһ¡
ãΰ硣
骻һȻȥ·
£骲־ʤͺΰػת߽Լңҵš
ڴ˹УΰĿһֱ͵ıӰϣй
Ϊ骵աĺʣеĻҪãħģʶŮӵоǺȺ
ǲǱСʱÿˣ
־ʤЦһ䣬˺ΰĿе쳣ȴûеƣϲ
骺ͺΰĻǶ˺˵Ǻ£
š
ΰЦЦŻˣȻ־ʤߵɳ¡
Ӻ骻һ˶ͷ˿ûϣҲûв裬Ҹƿˮ
骣㲻æ
־ʤæֹ骣ȻҪǿǲﲻĻȥҽԺӣûʲô⡣
˵־ʤЩɻ󡪡ûвȴȥԼصֻǲΰô
ллǣû¡˵
⣡
𰸣־ʤеĲֱ
֮ԸشźΰǰΪǰӦһͬԷʶΪ骶ںΰų⣬ԸӴġ
Ҳǣ߳ĵԭ
骵ıָƺ
ʵȷˡ
骴Ӧ־ʤΰԷѹûⷽȥ룬ֻ뾡֮ꡪ־ʤͺΰڶҺΰרҪȥԼүүף١
͵־ʤвͬʱΰҲ쳣骶û¶˿飬һжԵģԼһλͨĿˡ
еĲ
־ʤȻǣߵĻôȻǸ˵ģҲ⡣
ο־ʤĵ˵骶ӡ󼫼ѣ
֣һɻؿ־ʤʲô
骣ȻûµĻһȥԷɣҪǾ֮ǰǸطԶĻͽһңϤ
־ʤ˺ΰĿ⣬δᣬٴγһԷ
Ϊô˿̵ЩΣһԷõʱ򣬺ܶ໰˵ˡ
ʵڲ˼ҽĲšǳԷôٴίؾܾ
Ϊʲô㣿
־ʤǿѹĵĲɻʵ

һ̣骿ڻش⴫˵Ŵ򿪵
طӵֱ߳ߵ骵סſڣϤĵ룬ֱָƿ

һ죬Ӧ
طţ˲骡־ʤͺΰ




1802 ҪҾ
ط֮ǰڵδ˵Ľ̸˵֮ҲûȥӦΧһУѹû骵ס
ȥָȫһʱһϲ
骶ԣȷʵǸľϲ
骿ط֮˫˲ɵùԲŵϴüĿ֮Ųš
ţطһӣǴһǰ
Լ˻þ
ʶرһ۾Ȼٴһвǻþ˵ȷط硣
ȷһ֮üĿ֮˲䱻ϲȡ
骲ͬ־ʤͺΰֻоûϲ
Ȼδطʶط磬Ҳط硣
ǰڽլμַĶʽʱط統˵棬ַȣַ㼰ּҳϳ˽ǡ
ٵʱྩˣǵ˵ʱΪǴħط磬ֱӱطһٱ˻ں޵ˮʹĻ䡣
־ʤյѾܾûطˣҶϵĸ̽ڷʳġ
֮⣬֪ط紦൱Σգͷͨ޷ڻ㡪ط֮Ȼ
Ҳһֱֲи骽ѵҪԭ
Ȼ
ʱ˿̣ڱͨط磬ȴس骵ס
⡭ܲ־ʤ𾪣
ںΰ
־ʤڸǣߵʱط֮Ѿˡ
ʱȷϹ
ط骵סԴ򿪵
ΪҪǣؿڿطɲǣ˶ˣǸоǿȺӣȵɷ
ַĵľϲ֮ǰԴ̬ȣֱ֮
һУԺΰԣֱͬһ㱩
һ̣һֻռ̤
ѵؽĿطջأɴ۾ض־ʤ⡭ʲô
骣Ҳ֪пˣûӰ쵽ǰɣ
־ʤһ±Ƶ״̬лعطɨһ־ʤͺΰʵ
Ӱ죡
ͷҡͬ˹Ƶģͬ˼Ѫһ˷ܡ
ڹȥЩط˼ҹ룬εطĴൽԼˡ
ڽط˼£־ʤͺΰ֮ǰָʹ绰Ҫطϵʽĳ嶯
һ£طͻȻһϲԣϲ£
־־ʤ㲻˵Ѿ𣿡
ٴط骿ڣΰ׻ָ侲ë뵽Լ־ʤƭˣŭĿ־ʤ־ʤһ
ΰȲҪ
־ʤξѣȿڰ˺ΰһ䣬Ȼüط磬ŭʵط磬ʲô
𣿡
طüҲͨΰ־ʤ˵ĻԼжϳʲô
磬ʲô˼
骶ʱˣղΪ̫ѹûΰ˵ʲôȴ־ʤطΪ
ס
ط磬ˣ
ȴҪ־ʤʡӵ
ط磬û𣿡
־ʤûлӦ骣ָط磬ŭһʲô˵ʲôһֵ֮õʲôϵϵϵʧ٣
־ʤҵ鲻ܣҲֲָֻţ
骶ʱŭˣֱӺ־ʤ֡
ڶҪ֪һͨûӰֻҪٱ㣬ѲﷸǷҪεģˣҲӰ쵽ң
־ʤûлӦ骣طŭ⣬ڴ֮ǰѾӰ쵽ˣүүûȥ̶ܴȾΪ骵ĹϵүүΪһ𣬱żӰˣ㻹ʲôã
һΣطû˵
־ʤ˵ĵһ
ûиκ֣Ҳûиκγŵڱϳ֮󣬼骵ϵȷʵǷ̫ࡣ
־ʤ˵ĵڶ
ȻѾϲӳͨҼΪϽľ߻ûнӵκ֪ͨ
һϸ˵ڻĵȷͨ
ү£֪ǵԼؽĹϵҲһܶûС
ˣ
طû˵ȴһͷŭʨһ㣬־ʤ־ʤڴźΰ뿪ﲻӭǣ
骣㡭
־ʤҲЩջ
̣
ŭϡ
骣Ͼߣ֮ǰ˵
һΣ־ʤ˵ʲôΰ̲סˣûȥ־ʤֱӶ˵ø־ʤ˵طˣһ⵽ô£
־ʤʲôʱ˵Һطˣ֪Һطˣ
ȻΰĻ˲ʶʲôֱ˵־ʤǰʣ־ʤԼһʵطǰ֤Լס
ط˶ᣡ
ңطѾܾûһˣҶϵΪǶˡҸܹüѣ㶼ͬ棬ΨͬΰԷΪ㡭
ۿֽס־ʤԲڸǣʵʵ˵
Ϊҵ飬ҵĸΪ𣿡
ûڶҲͳ˼֣ͬǳԷΪҾǴԶҺΰҪȥүүף٣Ӧ֮꣬˶ѣ
Ҹΰǣߣÿҿ뿪ط磬һ𣿡
˵󣬲ˡطĸ飬о˲һ
־ʤƿԡ
Ҳòܣ
ʱΰһοˣٺƣʮ
ø־ʤңطѾˣһشǣҼүүүһӣңֻҪͬ⣬Ҳ֧֣ԣҲ㣬ԸӴһ¡˴ӡˣүүٵʱһ£ӡ󲻺ã͵û¡
ǲýӴˡ
˵ΰͣһ£Թ޵ضط磬ϾҶЬûʲôȤǽֶ۵飡
ΰôȥˣѵûסӿڳĸ֣
ط΢΢۾ĿⲻƵؿźΰ




1803 Ϣ
֪骺ط֮ĹϵûϣΰĵһӦ𾪣ڶӦջ𡪡Ϊǵ־ʤƭˣҲ骵طˣ
Ϊʵ̫ջ𣬻켣ضꡢǸǳûб侲˵Ļ
˿̣ΰطǿƶвĻеŭǱһưƵģϴڣŭĿط磺ط磬ʲô˼
㲻ԵĻҲ㳤ԣ統һ֪ࡣط۵
꣬ΪؼүӴӱ߽ྩؼҲһȥˡ
ΰ
ؼҰᵽྩûãؼϼҵһЩӵܵྩΰдط硢Ҷ
һ죬ΰ֪ΪԼүүˣֵܻǰװβǣΪȶˣΪط翴һۣͶطƿڴ
еĻ˵ǣɶ
Ҫ֪ʱطѱ˾ħĳƺţھǴԺǺߵģ˸ô
ΰطڵһٱֱӴͷ
ңΪطСϰغ͸ؼ̫үȭԵʣʱĺΰطһȭҵˡ
֮طְҶ˱ΰȺֵܡ
һ죬ΰڣ竱棬Ҳ˺ؼҵ棬Ϊ˵ʱԺ̸ʣҲΪ˺ΰһ֮ȥӰ
һ꣬طʮ꣬ΰʮһꡣ
˴꣡
ءط硭Ż˭أ
ٴطľ棬طἰ˵£ΰûһŭҪֻ֪ͨҪһ绰ץ㡭
ΣҿԱ֤ھץ֮ǰһ趼ʶطشϡ
㡭
ΰԣŭͬʱҲӿֳ˼ֿ־塣
ŭΪطȵӵĲȫûн
־壬Ϊΰһλ̫ӣȺطУҺ춦ֲҲ˻ҷؼҴǶط
ʱڵľǴħ֮Ϊ˻ĽЩΨһһΪĽֵ¡Ͳȳûʲô
Ƿݿ־壬úΰĻֱӱ˻ȥҺطˣŤͷһӵŭ𷢵־ʤϣ־ʤɺ°Ҳã飬үү֪ˣϣǿүӽͣ
ءΰȵȣ
־ʤ״ֱӼˣǰһס׼ȥĺΰ
㻹ʲô˵ģ
ΰɫѿض־ʤ˫Ҫ
鴫ȥΪһ裬ྩǱط籬Ҫˣ
Ǹΰûиһ
־ʤҲʶԣΰ˿Ƕôջ𣬶һжɵģʶǵǸ
£־ʤȺΰػٴνĿͶط硣
ط磬쵰ǸɨǣҸ㳶Ϲϵǵ˰˱Ѫùе֪֮ĻԶһ㡭
־ʤҲһӻ𣬵½ŭ𷢵طͷϣͬʱҲַʽźΰеŭ
־ʤҹ
Ȼ
־ʤĻ˵ڣ㱻һŭȴϡ
ʲôطǸɨǣ
ʲôط֪֮ԼԶһ㣿
һ̣ûڷ
骣һ㡣Ϊ㣿ˣʲôǣֻһ־ʤҲˣŭ骡
ž
ܻǰֱ˦־ʤһ⣬
㡭Ҵң
־ʤһƴˣһ˼ؿ骣Ȼʶ֡
㣬Ϊ骵ø磬ҲΪһһθѲֻΪңⲢһ֡
͵־ʤŭģʶҪһƵʱط翪ˣͳ
ããǺܺá
֪Ϊ־ʤطŵˣǻָ侲ֱۣҧгݵ˵骣һĻͲҪլҪμүүĴ٣Ҷˣ
£־ʤسȥΰˡ
Ϊ־ʤҲܵ裬ΰƽһЩû˵ʲôֱӸ־ʤ뿪ˡ
飡
֮־ʤݺݵˤţ
֪Ϊ־ʤˤţ־ʤǾ仰ɫࡣ
Բ骡
ط״̾˿
ط磬˵ģ֮䲻Ҫ˵Բ𡣡
طĻ骵ıָܿƽǴһֻĸϻ˹˳è䣬Ҳң㲢ûʲô֪㲻ϵңΪߵͨݴ鷳Ͼһ졣
ûлشطеһĪۡ
뿪ģûϵ骣ȷΪ˵
ɱɽһ̣طֲ˳ϴˢûϵ骣ΪԼ
ǰ֣ҪŵδŮˣûйǶ⡢
еֱ
֪ڽӣܻңҽľϲõ
طлعǰסط磬Դطؿڣط˵
骣үүô£
黰طס骵뵽־ʤ˵̲סʵ




1804 ǰδͷܣ
үүϸˡ
ʶػشȻʶʲôæ㲻Ҫ־ʤĻϡүүǵˣûϵ
š
طͷûмȥ
骶µ˽ⲢҲʲõϢԺԼ绰ɡ
үΪԼԭ򣬲ؽͨԼбҪΪʲô
⣬Ҳõ־ʤͺΰ˻㱨飬Ӧò㱨һ򲽽ǻ㱨ˣҲ¡
뵽ʲô̧ͷطǽߵϤӣڣ󣬵ᶨ
ѾͨˣֻϢûд
طḧ骵Ц˵
𣿡
ԣͫ˲Ŵһϲ
ʲôʱƭ㣿طЦʡ
̫ˣ
˷ܵý
ط˵ûƭҲδɹĻղǰʣֻ̫ϲʶΪ
֮⣬ǸطûбͨĻط磬Բǻεģαװ
һգȥ裬ȻһȥԷɣ
˷ܹڴؿط硣
á
ط΢ЦŵͷȴǰԼͿ
Դ骼֮ѾᵽǸˣѹû
ۿطͬ⣬˷ܵǰطһ£Ȼ󲻵طӦʹسһĶ鶯ؿط磺ϰɣҿ϶̲סҪ㣬ûˡ
طεӣûлӦ
ҲǾ࣬ÿ۶Сʤ»ĸоÿˤӶᵽƣ
ͷţҲַʽйŶط˼Ͱ⡣
󣬵һһػصңȥ·ԡҺطڿﲦͨɵĵ绰
Ȼ
ͬ绰ܽˡ
ţ
ط΢΢һȻֻˡһɷ˶ţڿᣬԺص硣
ط翴ûлظֱֻ
ͬʱ
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ΰʵڶԲû뵽Ū
紵־ʤеŭҲָ侲ٴͣ½ŲΰǸ
үүүүǼүӴٵʱ򣬸ἰ¡㻹ôǼүӽͰɡΰɫƵ˵һ䡣
ৣ
־ʤԣɫһ䣬üĿ֮ӿֳ˵ǡ
ڵ͵ĺİ컵£ѹ֪үӽ͡
ȻҪΪطǸ˵
ΰ־ʤһѿı飬뵽־ʤղŻһƣҲûм䣬ҧгݵᵽط磬ͬʱˣӦøزŴ绰㱨Ǹ˵顭
ΰ
־ʤԣɫٴһ䣬æֹ
Ϊʲôܣΰü
绰ҲѲ˸ϵǱ˶ϣᱻѲﷸ־ʤ͵
ûطǸ˵ȴϱ֪ĻһֽΰЦŷʡ
ûаøУͲܵǣ
־ʤûп
һ棬֪ΰԭԹط磬ֱط裬ƨҷһԹ졣
һ棬Ҳܹܵΰ骵̬ȷһٰʮȴת䡣
ΪҪǣǸԱĽǶΰȷǼط磬ȴ㱨鴫ȥ֪ǷѵĻھеķչƱػܵӰ죡
ۿ־ʤΰûֱóֻ绰
һӺ󣬺ΰͨЦѡ
Ȼ֪طʵǿһĲûץֶûգԣֻǶط磬Ҳһڶͷͨ
־ʤǳźΰ绰ʱóֻ骷һϢ骺ΰ绰㱨طֵ顣
طҲΪطܵǣһҶп˶ù
ԡҳ骣δš
طӵɵĻص硣
С磬߻Ž绰£ͣȻֱʵ
׳֪ҹµ𣿡طҲӣֱ⡣
֪ϸ¸ˡ
ڴȻʶط̽ЩԾʣô£
˵ҹһδԸȻչ涨ˡ
طûʵʵ˵Ȼʵ֪еĻ𣿡
ҾͲˡ
ɿЦȻǻߺĽ֮һҹϽЩ룬ûмǸȦӣЩ鲢֪顣
ңʵɼңоڹϣ鲻Ȥϲԡ
֪ˣ׳
ۿɲ֪Ļطüûм¡
㻹ûشҵأ̽ʲô׷ʡ
˵ҹûȥܵӰ죬׼ȷ˵ΪҺŮĹϵ˴СЬһ¡طʵ˵
ⲻܣ
ֱӸϣͬʱط磬С磬Ȼؽ׳ڶԴǹˣһܹˡοֲǣĶ̫࣬˵ġҲϸ˵Ӧܹ뵽
š
طӦҲΪֿ΢΢ؽ˶ҹСЬܱ֤ҹľǷ骵Ĺϵ£ҹ
󣬾͵طɵͨ骹ԡԡ߳ЩɬؿطһۣȻ󴵸ͷһ·
ط磬־ʤ˵ΰйزŴ绰㱨Ӱ쵽ɣ
骴·ź߳ңطǰ֮¶ŵǡ
û¡
ط΢ЦҡҡͷȻʵˣ骣үүҪ𣿡
ţʮա骵ͷȻʵôˣ
һȥ
ط΢Ц˵Լľ
ԣͷһ΢΢һϳŸж
㲻õңûµġ
ж֮࣬ҡҡͷ
֪طǵȥμԼүү۸
Ҳ֪طȥĻƱػᱻ˵ġ
Ը⿴ġ
ɵѾͷǰûլͷ͸ˣ
ط֪ڵʲô΢΢һЦ骳һŶ衣




1805  һ֮
ݳ޲JeanGeorges֮һ
ָٻǵķJeanGeorgesVongerichtenλڶ̲Ĳ㡣
ĲƷ£עɫʴ䣬ӾϼУṩرѾƺͼβơ
˿һƷʳƣֽ۵ףʵΪ顣
ϰ˵ʱطJeanGeorges
Ϊطһգ骸ӣǰصشһ
һͷƮݵĳڼͷϻžµױݣһɫĴ´ɫ³ȹһ˫ѥ˼ӢˬϢ˼Ůζһ͸ˮң̲סȥҧһڡ
ط֮˲Щڲò͵Ŀ˵Ŀ⣬һЩԱҲ̲ס͵顣
ѵ׺ΪԣǵĿƣͣɽϡ
骲ˣδ⣬ĿʼնطϣûŲǸо·ô
˰ɡ
Ŀ¶ŨŨ⣬ط粻̴ϣֲ÷Ավһԡ
á
ξѣʶԼϷɿһĨ糺죬Ȼʼˡ
ˡˡ
骵˽ֻ֮𶯵Ŀ
ڲⰲ骵һʱֻóֻһĸⷼ硣
ι衣
骽ͨ绰
骣ⷼʵ֮ڵǡ
裬Էأôˣ骲ĸⷼеĵǣЩɻ
㡭طһ𣿡ⷼٴʵ£ֱӽŵס˺
裬ô֪
һȻʶʲô־ʤģ
骣㲻Ҫô֪ġ绰㣬طĿǰڱͨڲܸһ𣬷µġⷼʡ
ʵϣȷ־ʤⷼġ
־ʤصƵ˼룬ܾط˴λ骺鷳骵ĸⷼ˸绰طȥ骵飬ἰ˺ΰ绰йزŻ㱨ˣⷼȰʱܿط硣
ⷼڽ־ʤĵ绰֮󣬽ž͸骴˹
־ʤôˣ
û£ɵһЩȻʶԾסͣΧ˵Ŀɽϡ
骣ҲҪø磬ҲΪá밡طͨҪ֪һʲô
衭
骣Ӧ㣬طһ𣬵ʱ̣ϣģ𣿡
ֱⷼӴ骵Ļѹ骿ڵĻᡣ
裬ط粻ͨҵ˵
ܣڲļֶļôм٣ѵطô˵ģĻƭ㣡ⷼѹš
裬Ҫطͨû¡
骽͵ط˵ģԴŲɡ
骣㲻Ҫˣط緸Һֶ֪ϲҪͨôܳ㲻ҪƭˣģʱȲҪһ𡣱Ҫʱ̣ҪزŻ㱨
ⷼੲݵ˵
һΣ骲ⷼ˵ֱ꣬ӹҶ˵绰ֱӽֻػˡ
骣Ը˵ϲǱҪͨط״ڰο
˵ˣӰǳԷ顣
죬ĸ׾ȻزŻ㱨ץط磿
ֱ־ʤһ֮ѣ
طԣЦһҲû˵ʲô
ͬʱ
桢ⷼסֳⷼԸ骴绰骹ػˣּѾͷֻҲˣ
㣬˵绰ҪҴ򣡡
˵ⷼìͷָ棬ǵ͵èӦұ
Ҹ绰ͻҵ𣿡淴ʡ
㡭
ⷼ÷˵զ죿ǰֵĴˣץط磬ǣ骵Ļô˵ȥף٣
С㲻ҪˣǵӦŮٸĸѵ
֪һʱһʱοҲûŰʱҪطӴط类ͨҲŲءֱⷼ׳
ǵŵΪطðΣգǰձ骾ȳ
˵ͣһ£׿Ƕ骵ĳŵ̸طȹ骵骺Ǵ鷳Ҳˡ
ǰִզ죿ȥ𣿡
һΣⷼ޷Ȼǵǡ
һһɣʱûץط磬ȥ
˵üͷͬ
ȻҲ֪һҶԶܼ֡

桢ⷼΪطһǵͬʱطҲӵһ绰
绰Ҷ
ӣҸ˵Ҳضˡضʲô绰ͨҶȿʵ
ڽҸҹιԱҺҶߵúܽŸǰȥҹף١
ղţʹ˸绰ǰȥҹףٵĻᣬ͸ϵһ£Ȼٻྩе֪طҲضˣһʱ佫绰ط硣
һ骡
طʵ˵Ȼؿ骵ųһҸЦݣһЦǡ
ǲҲҪȥμҹ׳磿
ҶԣһȻʶʲôٴʵ
š
ط϶𸴡
ǽ
ҶԣǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ѡ
á
ط˵ţֱӹҶ˵绰
ͲдäҶЦݣֻߵߣŴյѵһ˼
Ȼ֪طΪʲôҪȥμҹ磬֪һֱ˶طһ鹢ڻ
ǵطͷŻͷͨͷͬ˺򣬱뿪֮˵Ĳͷﵽ˶壬ֻǰҹδֻ̬˽˵
Ը˲Ҫ飬ҹҷ鷳ǻѳӻ࣡
뵽ĳЩ˵磬Ҷ̲סЦ




1806 ΢ɱ
յһ
ǽµۡ
¶ԣһϤĳУҲһĳС
ЩкõģҲлģνС
»ص֮ûлɽ߶Ƕ
Ƕߵס
߱طɱ֮ߵڱÿնߵ뾡ְ취ɱط磬ʧܸա
ɱطϣϣÿ˯ǰ½̳ѯйطĶ̬Ϊϰߡ
Ƕʱ䣬ÿط鷳пɥʱڴ
Ȼ
ÿһڴȵʧ
֤طһһ˼Ĵ˵Ҳڲ֪֮ı˶طĿ
طѾ֪߽עط磬Ϊȱٵһ֡
գطȫ濪ս۵ʱͬһǸҪ˻ɱδߵӶ֣ȥ
һһԹ֡
һ˱գټǺط磬뿴طԱĻɹעطĶ̬
գǰȥͶط磬ԸⷢԼĲܣ׷ط硣
Ǹʱ㽫ɽ߶Ƕˡ
ַʽߵһУ˹ȥ

صʱ˭ҲûϵûгţһֱסھƵ
ҹٵǰһϣ³ˡ
һ죬үүɵļա
ڽĹĹеĹ
ǰһ꣬ΪԼѡģ۸񼫸ߣҪ²ϧһд¡
ҲһΨһҪ
ʱΪԼүүǷˮʦĹЩ佲ͬͨ˶ڷһ
²֪Լ¶ˣҲ´ˡ
ϰ˵ʱ̫¶ûã±ɵĹء
үүǰ˵ҵ亱ǰ˳˳ˮȻд٣ȥӭ̼ۣȥزۡ
ԣѡһƷˮãʵ򰵲ش׵ĹأԼ츣ҡ
ɵĹǰһµ֮վүүллôҲҾǳ֮ˣ׻ڵø
үүǵ
Ҫ䣬ȥǰһ죬ҵ뷨
ʱʵû׵ġ
ȻʱңѾأҵĳˣҲ뾡ְ취ɱҵġ
뵽˵ᶨ
ճɹˡ
ûоܾңϿң׷
Դ׷֮ҿʼ˵߷Ⱳӹĵӡ
Ϊ;ңҲˡ
˵̲סЦˣЦ֮гҸζ
үүʱ밡ţ֪һ
˵̲סһ£ȻƾԼ˽⣬΢ɱΪӪֲġ
΢ɱ֮жԸĿִŲ֣ױԼʵǿӲƶҪı价ּΪߵĻӭԼһ
ɱͽͬУ¹լΪչϹҲǿչ̰;հǡ
ɱС㱣ԼǿĸԣɱΪȨÿһС½ƿС
Ӧޱɱүү˵˵Ķ𣿡
ûлӦ
¿˵񣬼үүܶŮˣϣԼɽ续Ҹİ˴һƬɽԸʵԸҲһ׻پۣ
үү˵˰죬˽أҸ˵˵ɡ
ͣһ£Ȼ͵ĴƵģվԼүүĹǰ˵Լ׷ط֮һС
ڴ˹У˽طǰ̩ӪԼ֮⣬ȫط飬Լֲֻᡣ
·ַʽԼѹʵүүԼϵǶô㣬ԼܹΪ˵ŮǶôĽ
ʮӵʱ򣬵̫뿪˹Ĺ
ĹͣһĿѵȺʱ
ǰۼµıʵͽܡ
طھЩΪ׵İۼšӢֻһ¡ȷȻ¾Լ·İȫ
طǵҲΨһҪ
С㣬ڻؾƵ𣿡
Ϲʾ
š
ͷȻS600
ʻĹ齵ľƵʻȥ
룬óֻطĵ绰




1807 ǵķ˲缦
£ôˣ
绰ܿͨͲдط
ѾүүɨĹˣʲôʱ򷵳̣ʾ
ҽȥμһ硣ڽңҴ飬һɽط˵Լİš
õģ
Ȼطȹ˵绰ŷֻ̲סаԼʲô˵ֵμӣ
ҹ
˲䣬б뵽˴𰸡
طȥףٵģΨҹһˡ
ⲻΪҹھеҪְȨ죬Ϊҹ骵үү
˶ѣ
뵽˴кӿֳһ˿Ľүүطܸүүף٣Լж࿪ģ
ͷ֣ҡҡͷɬһЦȻҪֻŽʱͻȻһ뵽ʲôֻͨһ롣
սСȣչٳͷԵֶŮ
߱طɱʵҲ򽭼Ҷ
ԵĶӽ޷Ҳ۸¾طһȡ
һ죬ֱӷݣָʾǰȥɱط磬ΪԼ𣬽ƽԨ
֮ǰ߱ĴɽǴǽԵӡ
ΪԵֶŮҵССȻĳ³ΨһĹۡ
ܿ죬Ͳдäĵ绰ܽӡ
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룬СȷһϢûӣСȱصˡ
½㣿
绰ͨ󣬽Сȿڣ֮гžϲһ˿š
ţҡ
Сȷݡ
½㣬㰡һ඼ʲôȥˣһֱͨĵ绰
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СȣһүүɨĹˣ֮ǰ㡣
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Ϊһ竽Ҫɽ߶СۣѾӦҪμӣûƵҲ¡
á
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ܶһҲȦӣͬҲ췢չ˸˽˻
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šСȻص
ϰɣЩӦú
߸ı˾λʧѾõĽһˣͬʱҲ˶֪ʧ顣
лл߸硣
СǱʾлȻ뵽߸֮ǰ˵ʵˣ߸磬˵Ŀ˭
ΰСӣʮͷĴУؼδĿߣҲǾȽһǣȹٳеﻪ
߸˵ţȻֲһ䣬Сȣ׻˵ǵķ˲缦ܲμӽľۻᣬʶСĸ϶ྴƲС
á
Сûз߸ĻֱӴӦ
Ϊļ˵۾ȥͶط磬ûãطһͬΪ֮ͨ伣ˡ
ǸϢ֮󣬷֪µˣڱµļǣΪ²ظӦá
˵±֪ͨµ״
Ҳ֪ǸҪȥصĸ߸ղ˵Ĳһˣ׷ǰ˸߰ͷ­
ﻪΰ
֪Ǹƾһ̫֮Ϊ׵ĺ춦ֲڽµ꣬µٴνٽǣμǳڽ贫磡


1808 ̫ͷ϶
ɽ߶ֲλڸøǣһĽпưɡKTV٤Ӿصȸʩʩı׼ǼƵꡣ
ͨԣ竾ٰۻᣬ඼Ƿ
Ҳɽ߶ֲż൱ߣֱϵûиʡ;ϻʲﲻʮһλ竣ûʸֲ
ֲĻԱÿҪϰĻԱѣͨ˶ԣǲģԶ競ԣֻǾţһë
ǮҲǰ׽ģԱһļھֲʹһСһ궼ڻĻѾԳԱá
ȻûκһԱ顣
ǶԣֲǶ벻ڵľۻᡪԸ竻ھۻ໥ʶཻϢǢ̸
ܶʱھۻһϢ˵ĳŵĺͼ·ļǴԶԱʮĻر
˽˾ֲ˽˻ڵ塣
Ϊɽ߶ֲĻԱ¶ڸþֲ˽˻İ
෴סɽ߶ıʱʱʱȥ˼ʹϵ
ƯԸеġŵʡߵ̡
һеһУɽ߶ֲĴˡ
һ£ʧõ£ͻȻɽ߶ֲʱ򣬴ĹԱЩ¡
С㣬ܾûмˣӭΪʲô
֮࣬һְҵװŮ˿첽ӭ£΢Цʵ
ãȥҽСȡ
˵ţ㾶ֱĿ
õģС㡣
ְҵװŮ΢ЦŵͷȻһƣ֮ȴżɻ
ΪļУ£ÿʱ򣬶úܸ󣬾֮䶼Ź·ȴһͨͨİɫ޷˶˶Ь
һ磬ķʮǧ
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ΪԴͶط֮󣬲Ҫ˵·񣬾·񶼱ˡ
Сȡ
ʱյģСȿɳϣֻ
½㣡
С̧ͷߵԼɳǰӭӣ֮г˷ܣĿ֮ȴЩȺͬ顣
ղְҵװŮԱһСȶµĴ´еʮ־ȡ
Ҫ֪±ΪȦʱеĹ󸾣ȦŮԳԱĴ´񣬾СҲʱģ£κʱ㡪ûûƨɣͬ·ȫϵЧ
ͬ顭
ԭΪͶط磬طǣΪ֮ͨ󣬵ĵ͹ȣһ⸱磬ȷежϡ
ͬ;֮࣬СаһҪػȦӡ
ţµʱԿȦӶɽٴλ÷ˮ

ͬʱ
һG63ʻǰɽ߶ֲ·ϡ
Ǹ߸ģƺһ7ڽһ
׻˵ϰ¡
Ǹ߸ġ
ЩŵϣԼҵϣø߼ӻԻ͡
ĸ߼ңڽ㲻϶壬߸Ȣ˺ؼŮˣֱӰθ˸߼ڽĵλ⼸ؼھеλԡ
߸ҲˣΪ˽ǵĶ竣ҵɽ߶ֲĸ᳤
̶̼ʱ䣬߸ЩԴԼ۷˺ü
߸µĺкܶ࣬ϲĳƹG63ϣΪ֪ӵϲԽҰӶ࣬;ӵΪʲ
磬죬ԿȥƵ˺ΰ
򣬽϶Щʲôˣ
ΰĸʻϣһ䡣
ϵ̨һЩˣбҲԷչĶǵ֪Ҫ֮󣬿Һü죬Զٷ
߸źۼһƨȻ뵽ʲôˣһ⡣ܴӦ
˭ΰ˺ġ
¡߸ɿ˵
ǸΪһǰޣ
ΰԣͫ׶ȻŴȷʵ֪£ĳۻ¼һ棬֪һˣŮ˿ĺܶʱ
һ죬¶˼뵽һ˲¹ͷĶǣûҸжº˺ܾá

߸ͷȻЦ˵Ů˴úܣߣȦĴˡǵû취߱𣬽ȥͶɱߵطˡ
һʼǻΪַʽӽط磬ѰɱطĻᣬΪɷ򱨳
ǲ֪Ůȥط統ȥˣҲ˵õ˷Ļ㱨жʱΪϰĵĸ
ٺ˵ط綼ͨ伣ˣ֪ôܻˡ
취
ΰ߸ĻͻȻ˵
ǣ
߸һȴҿ϶
볢Ѹζ
ΰЦһ¡
Ϊ¶˼ںܳһʱ䶼Ϊµ˴ϣһ
ΪҪǣͶط磬ĳ˵ҲطŮˣ
ྩǱط֮ǰڶٴαط裬ĴԹޣζ뱨ط硣
˯طŮˡ
Ǿѵıʽȴ֪̫ͷ϶




1809 ʲڣ豹
ɽ߶ֲ
ºͽСԶһߺſȣһġ
½㣬һʱ䶼ʲô
ӹ󣬽Сվ̲סеĺ棬ʳʿ֪⡣
ʦ
ЦЦ
׷ط֮󣬾ɷΪΡ
һΣڹڸ棬ֱȡһЩ顣
ڶΣط类뿪ģڼô¸绪ط紴׻ƵȻֽ׻Ƶᵽɽ̵Ƕʮӡ
ĳ˵ĺξʦݡ
ʦ
СԣһȻɻﵱʦ
⡣
´

Сԣеͬˡ
ΪҵСһЩǱ򣬱ĳԭĴһĻʧȥȨƺɣвƸֱӶвƲ
±طǣ뿪ģƱرвƲû˰Ϊڹıŵȥʦ
¿˽СĿе쳣δ֪ͣ׷ط綼ʲô
ңҽСȣֻûؽĻΨһĹۼһ棬顣
ˣСȣô𣿡ת˻⣬ʵ
ӣڵλţ˽⡣ڽ飬һû׼Сʵ
ĳͨζȥĵλְûʲôȨλʸá
ҲȨӵܲһ·Ůӡ
ȻǶԽСȶֻǱ湤˽Ų⣬ԼģҲнҵġ
ˣŽСͷҲѳΪյĶӵܡ
󣬲˵ʲôСվ֣
¼״һŮһУǴŽȲ
ţ
ͬʱҲ£üĿ֮ӿֳ˾ȡ
֮ͬǰĽСһǶµı仯еȡ
ݵľȹһ߾Ŵ˷͡ŰˡźɫƤݵŮӣ¶˼Цݡ
ģǽĽʻ
»ԾڽȦӵʱ򣬹ˣâס˰ڵŮˡ
ΪˣĶ¿Ǽʵĺܡ
Ƿݼʣڵֻ֪ҲͶط֮Ĵµļǣ³Ϊ֮ͨ󣬷˱µĳƾ˵ˡ˼ա񶾵Ļ
˿̣һâѲڣʮֵǣĪظеġ
˵½Щţȴû뵽ġ
ΪµǰԿĵͬʱ߽㿪ȡЦ½㣬ôΪͨǼ𣿡
ģʲô˼
ļЦݣ¡˿ΡĻ¿ڣСȱ㼱ˡ
½ɹۣȻҲʵؽµԼĽ㡣
ˣҲðűֵܸķգ²μӽľۻᣬΪṩɽĻˡ
Сȣ㲻Ҫֻڹ½㡣
΢΢һЦｭСȣҲţСȾΪ¸˺Ƥظģʶֵ޿֡
㡭
Сȣüƽϡ
󣬾͵СȻҪ˵ʲôʱ¿ˣɫƽҡҡͷֹ˽Сȡ
µĻСߵصһۣȻû˵ʲô
ҲûлӦģµغſȣ׼뿪뽭СȽ̸
Ȼ
û뵽ǣ˷ǵû뿪Աߵɳϡ
С㣬þò
֮֮е꿪ˡ
أչٻҵҵĺΪһͬҲ竣Ÿ߶ֲĻ᳤
֮⣬Ǻ춦ֲһԱ
ַʱûٸַƨɺ氰ǰ
²İҲ֪µһЩ˼¼
ٹɡԵػӦ
СȣҪ½μӾۻô
ʱʶʲô̲סüʵ
ȻղΪµǶֻ˿һͨ¶棬Żŵױ£Щط϶һϢ

˵һ鱦ˣô£ͷ·һ鱦
Ĺâʵ޻ȴ財
ֻǣǷ貣ǿģҪϸȥƷ
ĶԣƷȴֱѹƵĸо
ܲ
ľۻһ񼫸ߵľۻᣬȽǺΰҪμӣޱӣϣͨ˴ξۻΰʶΪΰŮ˵˼
һ£µĴڣе˾޴в
𣿻㲻ͬ⣿Сȷ
СȣľۻҪΪ˸ΰӷ磬С²ʡ
ҲüͷԴӺ춦ֲ֮󣬻ĵ竱һɢɳûȫԵ֯඼ǲ˱ˣ
Ҳӽľۻᣬΰϵ
磬Ҹ߸кˡС˵
ǾС
صһЦ
Ȼɽ߶ֲĻ᳤Ҳ竵ۻǺΰ֯Ǹ߸
ȻΪ֯ߵĸ߸ͬ⽭Сȴ£ȻҲ˵ʲô
ͬʱüͷ
֪СҪμӾۻ顪Сȸղûᡣ
֮⣬ͷԣһʱ뵽˽С⣬ľۻû˿ȤҪ˼ίؾܾȴٴοڡ
߸ͺˣ
ɳϣ۷Źվ˷ܡ

ĵĻ£غһŮӣǽСȶһʱӭӡ
Ψ˿
˵ΰҲ֪ΰǾкؼҵĹӸ磬ûκιϵ
һ̣ڲӰ콭Сȵǰ£ܾμӽľۻᣬȴûз֣ΰĿϡ
Ŀ⣬˸ӵĸоַ




1810 ǣ˫
ţ
͵ΰĿϵͬʱĿûеЦѡ
ΪĽʻţ˴඼ܿӣ竡
߸ͺΰûеһʱӭӣԲӣƱػв졣
һҲڽΪľˡ
ءСȺһŮӣҲ޶ԡ
УغһŮӶЩɻ󡪡ǿ硢̼ߵ£Ӧ÷˵ͼĴŶԡ
СһҪڣȴվ
΢΢˿
һߣΰɳϣͬ룬Щõüͷ˿̿üͷŻɿüĿ֮ȻЩá
٣߸硣
شĺһŮӣ첽ӭϺΰ͸߸ˣʺá
Сһѡ
Сȣ㿴һֻ
¸ŽСǰͬʱѹԽСȵ
ڸղţСȷϢ˵Լ£ͲμӾۻˡ
½㣬ȥк
Сȷɿ˵ţͬѹ
Ȼ֪Ϊֻ˿ӭӸ߸ͺΰҪģ
أּˡ
ʱΰ߸ͣ½Ųǰ߻Ӧأͬʱ֣ȻŤͷԸ߸򣬽һ°ɡ
ҾͲˣҶ֪㣬ڴԷܾˡ
߸ЦЦȻ󰤸ܵλģ£ǽľ޸֮һǽĴˡλٻϵŮ
λһǽСȣҵС
һǽ£Ӧü
Һá
ΰԵص˵ͷĿͣϡ
£þò
߸״Ҳ´˸кȻЦ˵һʼûμӽľۻᣬΪҲ֪ˣС˵˲֪㲻Ҫ⡣
ţ
Ȼ߸Ļءĺٻ˶һ
Ȼζû뵽ǵ¾Ȼᱻ߸ӡ
ܿ죬ǷֺΰĿ֮ͣԼµʲô
ΪˣغٻֻǾЩ֣ϵЦЩӲ
ʵԤеĽȻͬ
Ϊ߸ͺΰ˷ǵûΪµľٶеΰ±ֳŨġȤ߸˶¡
Сһ˷ܡ
ΪֻۣǵʱһѣܷסᶫɽȫԼ
û뵽ǵ£˺ΰ͸߸ӣ
ãܡ٣þò
Ե΢ЦŻӦȻ󲻵ȸ߸ȥᣬ㻰һת˵Ǹϻ£ͲһԷˡ

ȻµĻǸ߸ͺΰءٻĺͽС˶סˣǶû뵽¾Ȼμӽľۻᣡ
෴ءٻġ߸ͺΰǵСȣٴλصȦӡ
ҲǺΰµԭ
ͬ߸˵ط統һʱˡ
طѱȻϾ˼¡
ԣʻȦӵ˼ھƺ¡
һԸȲطսطһŭΪգֱرط磬ӶйеŭԹޣ
½㣬ûµģҶ飬Ҳ⣡
СȻع£δἰ˿µĻʶΪԱûμӽľۻᡣ
Сȣлл㣬ҽȷʵ¡
СȵлұԼ̬ȡ
нȱԼ˽Сȵĺ⣬δ˵Լ֪Сμӽۻ飬ĿΪ˲ýСѿ
µĻ£Ǽᶨģΰüͷٴ
£ȻҽСμӽľۻᣬͻȻ£ʲô˼Ǵҿ𣿡
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ǸͻȻ˺Ҫ顣
΢ЦǸΪ˲ýСȺİ컵£ûнеᡣ
߸ԣɫһ䣬Ҫ˵ʲô˱졣
С㣬飬극˵ҪæĻܿڡ
ΰü£ڣһӹɵĸоȨǸһӡ
Ǹ٣ĲС
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£ҲվӣʲôУμӽľۻᣬңȴ֪ôǸҪ
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١߸˵û治֪ŰѼӶ˵ôߣ
ļ״Ÿͳ£ϵЦݱ֮ǰӲˡ
Ϊ֪µھܾΰһ̿ʼ¾עܳڽķˣһ˵߸ͺΰˣע޷ڽȦˡ
Сͬһ㣬ȣǵͬʱؿ£֪ΪҪܾѵõĶɽ
ǸСȣѿˡˣ£Ҵ绰
û߸Ǹؿ˽Сһۣͬʱа̾˿
ýСѿҲýСΪ¶Ȧﱻ߸żΰ˹͡
Ϊ»ᴫطУӰ쵽طеӡ
طοԣκ鶼Ҫ
£²ȽСȻػֱ뿪
¡
߸״ŭҪŭ
ˣһлѣֵ
ΰֹ˸߸ŭԼһ̨ף˵Ļȸ߸֮ǰŭµĻ񶾣֮ǰͬμӷֻ֣Ǻȥɱط統ģ뵱ӻԾֵա
ΰ񶾵ĻûлӦ治ɫǰߡ
룬ҲûҪˣҲסϾ˴ǣ뱧ɱ˵Ĵȣӵٻ󣬽ǧû뵽طΪ˺ԱĻΰЦ
˭ԱĻ
һΡ
ͻȻͣ½Ų˺ΰĻ
Ʊ䡣
һ̡
ǣ˫
Բ⣬˰Ц˵棬Ǹѡ׷沢Ϊ֮ˡ





1811 һȺС
ɲǼ䣬µͳĻ쳹
˵ƶȻˣһпʯϣ¶ʶĿ

µĻܵµƱ仯ΰͽСڣ˾һ
ΪǶû뵽¾ȻῪΰ
Ͼʢʱڵ¶ûͺΰᲢۣοǵ£
ͬʱǱ仯ƣľһ֮е
£ıӵ𣿸ҸСΰ˵
ݵľȹ󣬸߸Ȼعٴŭһ
ǡ£Ҵ۽簡طɱɷߣ㲻֪ȥͶΪըë㻹Ǹ񸾰
ΰҲˣϹЦݣͳ񶾣ţ㻹ָطܹȻ㣿
ȷ㣬ˣ
Ȼȡ֮ǰͨ±ͨˣϲӵͨ
ţ
Ȼΰⷬ߸ءСȡĺٻһ
Ϊط統ֹǣΪطֽλ̫ͽһĺ춦ֲϻĵһٵͷǶ֪ط磬ܹעط硣
طΪͷͨͬɥ֮ȮһǱ֮Ƕôעطˣѹ֪طȫѧĺ䶯طٴαͨ顣
Ŀ⡣
ڸ߸ؼΪطٴαͨȵͬʱȴǼһЦ
֪ط类ͨ飬֪ط缴ϲΪϽΪϲϽҲȫʮ֮ΨһϽ
ΰĻɫطЬ䣬ĵط磿
㡭˵ʲôΰ־ŭ
ԭڶͱһӵٱطྩ֮һαط統裬ƨҷһ
ºزŴ绰ٱطһ飬Ҳδܳ
Ϊˣ֪ҪƤμӽľۻڽ°ˣӶйеŭ
˿̣ǸУΪ˻ع齭ȦӣӦƤЬ£ڲӵؾܾμӽ֮󣬸ΪάطŽһ竵棬
ڻϽֱͣúΰеŭ𳹵ױˡ
ʵһĶ⡣
ѹûΰŭ⣬ЦһǿСһ㿴˺ΰһۣҪת뿪

ǿƶĻءСȡĺٻ߸סˡ
ʵ޷󣬵˭ŸҶԺΰ˵Ļ
ûд𰸡
Ƕ֪̯ϴˣ
𣿡
·Ϊӡ֤˵жƵģΰͺһϵļЦݵȻ޴棬ȡ֮һĿˡ
£ǳıӵˣ
߸ΰĻѣԴʮǸ߲
ûᡣ
һΣֱӽΰ͸߸Ļ˷ƨǣֱ뿪
ӣҵĻôվס
߸״ɫһŭһ׷ȥ
Ȼһø߸е˼飬Ѿȥµڷʲô񾭡
һֻ̣֪Բ¾뿪򲻵ûΰһصǰӣΪȦЦ
뷨߸첽׷£ȥץµͷһѾסµͷ¼⣬ѡ
ž
һ̡

Ŀ֮£Ȼͣ½Ųһƽʵʵس˸߸ϣֱӽ߸鷭ڵء
ԴӸط֮˻ҩʣҲϰ䣬ǰֻ̤ѧֻһƣҲǸ߸ֵܹͨģ

ͻһĻٴڳÿһˡ
ƹ£ءٻģǽСȣǺΰһؿ£Ǹо·ʣô£
Ȼǲţǵ¸ҶԽһ竸߸֣ţȥ֮£һƽسһʮĸ߸鷭ڵأ
Ȼ
߸ڵϣ׹ָӡѿѪ˿ȥޱȡ
һУڸǣ߸ıһƳ鷭ˣ
⡭ֱ˾ξˣʶؽĿٴͶ£Ǹо·ʣôģ
һȺС󡣡
Ӧǵǣ¼
£ٴת뿪
һΣ˸ҳ
ȫһƬţ



1812 ߣҪ
һȺС
ϻصµĻȥĹ°ӰءĺٻǺΰûп
ءĺٻԣһţ¸һƳ鷭߸Ǹ˵Ҳǿ
ںΰ
ɫˡ
ղţһƳܸϣͬҲϣΪؼһȽǵĽϣ֧顣
ǵһƳ鷭߸֮¡һȺСǾ仰ʱΰһֱ˲ڽĦĸо˷ŭޱȣ޲ýйߡ
Ȼ
ŭƾ輫ĳǸǣѹסеŭʼһԡ
ǲ룬ǲҡ
Ȼ֪µĵǸѹûн͸߸Ȼҳ߸⣬ȻҲҽѵ
֮⣬չֳ˼ֵҲŵ˺ΰ
Ҫ֪߸һسһʮĴ󺺣
һƳ鷭
ΰ޷ôģţԼҲܲסµһơ
ԣѹסĵŭ𣬽̽˶һԵĿ뿪
ô
󣬵ΰֲ߳Ĵ󣬲ſڳڵϵĸ߸ʵ
ҡû¡
ԭ߸ڱһƳ鷭ľ֮УȻΰĻξѣʶҡҡͷͬʱһº׵۵죬ڶ¡
߸磡
ļ״ɫصݸ߸ֽ
߸ǿʹӹֽ˲ϵѪģôͻȻ֮ôˣ
Ͷط磬׷طһʱ䣬شطѧһЩ򡣡
ΰѾȫָ侲һѪطеԵɡ
Сΰ²ôˣ߸ݵ
ԴȢ˺ؼҵŮˣΪؼŮ֮һ·˳˳ˮǳΪ˽竣ʱܹĳ裿
ýָͷ뵽һʹĽѵ֮´֮󣬽ΪǵЦôȦ㣿
Ȼˣ
ȸ߸ԣΰеŭط裬طﶼ
СΰҪӱҹܻᣬ˴ݲУ߸ݺݵ˵
ǲǽϵС죬ֶΣοΥ飬ǲġ
ΰԣüͷ߸ϵͬʱѵȥҽԺⱨ档
ã
ΰİţ߸һʱӦͬʱҲԼͿΰֶȼֱʮǧ
˶ԣ̱ȨƺͲƸ
ûеһʱԼȥԸˣõײСĵֶΣۣҲΥİѱ
ΪҪǣղŵڽѱ¶ءġٻͽС˵Ƥӵ£ֱ޴
ݡ
ءĺٻаľжԺΰеĪľη
Сһĵǡ
ǵ£ᱻΰ߸ȨƺͲƸݺ

ͬʱ˻ͣ
С㣬ڻؾƵ𣿡
˾æ³Ϊţͬʱʾ
ȿ뿪
ɫƽ˵Ȼ
ûŤͷȥţ΢΢ۣ̫Ѩ
ϰߣÿҪʱͨķʽԼ侲Ȼó취
Ӻʻɽ߶óֻٴβͨطĵ绰
£ôˣ
绰һͨطȿʵ
߳˵飬뿪ɽ¿˵ƽ
ʲôˣ
طüͷ˳ƿطΧˡ
µ⣬¾ԲľԼ绰
ҸղŴ˸߸һƣǽ竣ҲǾкؼҵŮ֮⣬һ˺ΰ룬ǿ϶취ңҶα鱨棬Ȼùϵͽȥ
ԭ²طʼĩӶطΪԼģط翪ˣֻʵشͬʱ˵Լķ
Ƕʲô
طԣüͷøˡ
ΪǸΰ͸߸û·ŭ飬̼ߵ£Բѡ⡣
һԷҲͬ⣬ȻҽһʱûסͶˡ
ԥһ£ûѡ˵ʵ
ֻЩ
طοѯʣһΣ¿ڣԴ£˽㣬ֻ㲻ᶯֵģ㶼Ὺڻ
³ĬĬطĻ
ʵԭ򡣡طٴοڡ
ǶԲѷﲻ
ӦίСϱ
ƺԣط࣬Զȵڳ߸ΰҪ
ɵϣߣҲҪ£ҽȥ
¶Ļطͷ΢΢һȻ˵
á
طĻ뵽ΰ߸˳Ϊط˲䱻жһᣬȦ죬ۿдת

ж֮࣬Ҳ̲סаԼ
ǰؼҹ⻷ǣ˵棬ּҴַȣּͬɥ֮Ȯһ
һΣֵΣ




1813 Ե
߸Ϊΰ׼Ľӷ糹ˡ
ͺΰ²ɱ裬صǰȻûһԷˣΡ
뿪ɽ߶ú󣬺ΰ͸߸Ҳ뿪ˡ
Уΰֱӷ齵ľƵꡣ
߸ǰպΰ飬ǰҽԺر档
ϰ˵ӵʱ򣬽ĳ˾ҽԺ߸һС
ԭչ涨ίзǰ참λӦɰ참ԱύίزϣһжԸ߸˵£һЩϵ˾ҽԺֱ˼顢ᶨͳһĳ
߸˺ֱ֮Ӳͨ˺ΰĵ绰
СΰѾ˳˺棬ʾˡ绰ͨ߸һЦ˵
˺Ϊ΢ˡ˺˺ȼ
շɹ涨ܺ΢˵ˣз15¾
˺ģշɹ涨׷Ϊ˵Ĺ˺κ󣬿ֱӵԺߣͽ̡ۻ߹ơ
ԭֻ΢ˣȨӲظ˼
һ԰պΰ˵ͽˡ
һ½Ļеǰ취⣬̣ͬܶ˿ͨҽֶαͼ֮һ
á
ΰڸ߸İЧʱȽ⣬ȻʵǸʲô
סƵ꣬רھƵﶢţҲʵʱأһ뿪һһʱ֪
߸˵ݵʱùϵҪһ˵Ķֱ練ơ
Ը߸ڽĹϵһȻڻ¡
Сʻ괬˼صذھƵ׵أڽϺ½ϣνɷѿġ
ˣСΰ˻㱨ֵǼһͳ׷ĻطǸ˸ӽҪ߸뵽˸ղŽӵϢ
Ŷ
ΰԣͫ׶ȻŴûпǰ˼ط⡣
Сΰط˸ǳİɣ˵µɽģۿΰ˵߸ٴοʵ
Ӧǣõġ֮ǰ˵ͨѱ
ΰδΪطĵеֻţһ޿ֵЦȻˣǵļƻ΢Ķһ¡
ôģ߸ʡ
ץǸӵʱĵϡΰ
Ϊʲô߸⡣
֮ǰ绰йزŻ㱨ط٣йزӦڲץˡϣ㰲ȥץ£ط·ƱػҶ;ͻһǵ˰ѻþò콫ץ鰸ΰһյ˵
õġ
߸ԣý𲻴󣬵ûмʣа̾ΰܹΪȽǣżȻ
ΰܹµ齫طҲƽȥݳǸԶɱȣҲ֮ͬ˿ɱȵġ

͵ΰ͸߸öƻͬʱط骣˽Ƶꡣ
ط罫ͣͣȻƵꡣ
ƵſڣӵϢ£ѵȺʱط֮ϲûκĽͼʵı飬ӭȥ
С㣬ͳ׷ѾΪԤˡ
ܿ죬ӭط骣΢Ц˵
骣λ¡طԣڽܵ
С㣬ܸ˼
΢Ц֣Ȼûκ
ãС㣬ط˵㣬ر㡣
סµ֣ǰաĺʶԼŮˣͬû
Ҳ֪£֪²ǰͶط磬׷طĲӹڵ⣬ִӹصڣһֱ߷룬벻
Ȼ𾴡
Ȼ֮ˣ̶ܴҲΪһѡطһĵһ쿪ʼѡ˲ʶ˴֮ûκεС⡯
ط硢˰˵Ǽס
ط磬ȻͨھڲģϢܣδѰ󾯷Э
ΪˣطʵݣɻסƵ궼ܵӰ졣
骣ȥ˵¡
طסͳ׷֮󣬷˵
õġ
΢ЦŻӦδ˶
סһ¥㣬ͨ׷
Ӻطµķ䡣
··֪طҪǰΪطݺ˲衣
£֮ǰڵ绰ˣǵûг˵ɣ
ط֮ɳϣӹµȲ裬Ȼǰĵʵ
ûУһƽǸ߸鷭ڵأǶסˣûҶ֡
ԣůģҡҡͷ
Ǿͺáط
֮ǰ˵ӦҪʵʩ¿ڻ㱨Ƶǰŵڶҡ
ҸղѾˡ
طͷΪ֮ǰķܶԣǲýֶΣӦûѹˡ˶㣬Ϊ˼Ķ̬
Ҳô롣µͷͬȻʵǽô죿
ʲôҪܣú˯һ
ط˵ţ΢΢۾Ҳ֮õͳ죬ΰţϴԭ£




1814 ׼
طصͳ׷ʱѾ뿪ˡ
뿪֮ǰط緢һţط磬Լӵ׵ĵ绰ȥһ˴󲮵ļ
骵ĴҲھְؾڽסλڽԺ
骴Ժſںվڵʿʾ֤Ȼ㱨õ׼󣬲Ŷ骷С
סʱĸⷼѾصڵȴˡ
衣
骼ĸףӭȥ
㻹֪谡˵ʲôʱҵ绰ֻػԽԽˣ
ⷼû˵ȻΪ֮ǰ鹢ڻ
裬ôûطˣò׸һԶٷȥٱⲻ𣿡
骰ԼɣȻ󲻵ⷼת˻⣬ˣ裬Ұִ绰󲮼ʲô
ð׼ɡ
ⷼԣҲָŮˣ̾˿үүͺؼүһԷֺȥġؼүڷͺΰ顣˵ΰἰ˹飬Ǻֵ֧ģû뵽˸
ΰôƵģƨҲүү˵
ⷼĻ˵꣬骱ߵشˣҹǿˣҲȥˡ
С
ֹⷼ骣ȻҲʼ骣㲻Ժ֡ȣΪӦ󲮺Ͳĸ
Σΰ־ʤǣߣӦðѻ˵
ǺҲүүйءԣȥ
ðɡ
üͷӦ
Ϊ֪ԼȥĻĸѿ
£骱ĸ߽ⷼ˴ļ
骵ĴСӨǵİ˶ڳ
֮⣬骵ĸ־ʤ
骺֮ⷼ˵Ŀϣ˿˵պѹ֡
󲮡ĸСáС÷򡣡
Өʺãû־ʤ
骣ʲôʱܲԣһһθңǺãȿڷѡ
󲮣ûҡΰ飬־ʤԼǣߣᣬҡ
ҲΪãϣִԲ򡣡
ӣΪԼĶӱ绤Ǹطôʱˣһֱûû֣ʲôһ򲽽֣ͨδ𣿡
ǰ骡־ʤȻڲ֪£ͺΰǣߣǺģҲǰ¡ҲؼΣΰǴУǰ;ҿڱҲͦõģҸ֪֪ףȥңαҪΪǸط磬ܾΰ
ɲǾܾ飬ǵúΰؼ޹⣡
ӹ⣬ѵҪǣ֪طͨҺΰѾزŻ㱨ǰ£ȻطһⲻԼƣҲǸ鷳
Ҳ֪үүˣĴܲá
ûڹϣǱ˾סı£Ҵʲô鷳
ط粻ͨüͷ˵
˵˵
ۿ骷ǵϴΪط⣬ֱӻˣŭļҶˣֺֽ£ѵǼٵҲˣǲǼٵģ

ͼٴοڣˣطͨˡ
Ȼ
Ļڣ浣ŮԲڵ骣طȹҲңǶݶ顣⣬ԼҲԸһԣǴҶ㡣ʱڣȷʵ󲮡ĸСãҲΪá
֪ˡ
ҧҧ촽ûٱʲôǲøѿҲ֪ƤĥƣҲĻ
Ϊ骲Ӳˣ濪ˣӨû˵ʲô
骣Ȼͺΰһ¼ϾúؼϲÿǺؼүӻ׿¡
˵Ϊ˱үүΣͲҪȥүүףˡ
֡
ɫһ䣬Ҫ˵ʲô
骣ΰԱط統鹢ڻҶֵܴĻһһʱ˳˵ǰطһô죿
һΣһֱĬ־ʤڴ骵Ļֱ骵֣ȻǰһƼϡ
ķչһүүͻˣҽ鷳ԼӵĻ˵
骣
ⷼǰץס骵֣Ȱ˵
󲮣СãӦöǵǰ顣
ٴοڣʡ
ৣ
⻰һڣɫԱ䡣
ǰطǿƽլַһȣּ˸ϳլͽҲӨһĶ⣡
ºӨ뾡취ֺط磬δԸԳ
骣ʲô˼
ӨȻعɫѿʵ
Ϊĺؼ˲ˣ׼ȥүүף٣ôûط֪Ҫҳͷô죿
ʵ̫ˣ骽ӵĻ˵˳
骣˵طҲˣɫһ䡣
骣ˣؼ׳ˣҲǵǸؼ׳бͷˣһͨ
骿ڻӦ棬㲻ȰطڡطĸøزŴ绰زץط硣Ҳֲǰû㱨ĹͬʱҲԸؼһ̨¡
Ĭֹⷼ
Ө־ʤĸ׾ǰһΪһ˫飡
ߣ˫ȭգʲôû˵
Ȼ֪ط쵽׻ôţطȻҪһμүү磬ôԲᡮֶȥ

ͬʱ
ΨһһҴоʷľƵ
ΰүүεķ䡣
Сΰ骵飬ԣδؾһ¡ǼĿǰ״ҵʵӡοżɽ˵
үүס
ΰͷԺؼͷķչǰټĻģؼҡĶ֮޸Ůʤвʱġ
Ҳһʼ뷨һ骼޸Ǹʣ
ҽҹԷʱŮ飬ʱֵҲڳǶΪ±ʾǸ⡣
ٴοڵ¾ʹ˽ҹȨʲôûҪӰ쵽ҹ硣
үүӦ㡣ֻҪ骲Ҳ˵ʲôһĻһ͸һݴ񣡡
ΰǴӦ˺ΣȻЦһ
ø߸ץ£ʹط͸骵Ĵ
Ȼ
Ҳû뵽ǣطҲ׼һݴ




1815 Ϸǳ
峿մӵƽ¶Դһᴩʵʱطϥͳ׷̨ϣӭŵһƳϼ߶غ
źʱʱɱź
Ƭ̺طص䣬ڻױ
ˡ
ʱֻ𶯵骵ֻ
ֻһĸⷼ磬ֱӾܽӡ
ĵ绰ط״ʵ
ţǡ
骵ͷȻ˵
֮ǰ뵽ԼصΪҳĶ󣬵û뵽丸ĸˣȻΪĳֻǵúؼ˲ˣȥҹף١
Ҫ֪ҹµĵһգʮ٣⡣
ˡ
骵Ļ䣬ֻ𶯵ٴ
Ӱɣǣǰȥүүף٣ɨˣؼ˲ǡ
طߵ骵骵Դ˵
ԣĬֻͨ
骣𣿡ⷼʵ
ڻױ绰ңԲȥүүף𣿡ȴʣǶ
骣ҲΪط롣󲮿˵ˣطȥĻ͸زŴ绰ٱط磬زץط硭֮ⷼ鶯֮
裬ط˵ˣȥүүףٲɨˣҺؼ˲ǡ
Ĺĵ˵꣬Ȼ󲻵ⷼػֱӹҶ˵绰
ཡ
绰ͷֻⷼäûѾͷ
˵ʲôһʵ
Ů˵
ⷼһͷߵؽ骵Ļת档
طб
ԣ̲סĲ⣬ʲôʱѹؼңһô
ʲôʱϵңĻ骿ͳҵĹˣҲõȥ
ⷼ̾˿ѹţطʲôʱúؼҽ̡
һߣ骹Ҷϵ绰֮Ȼط絽׼ʲôûʡ
طദϰߡ
ط粻˵ʣط˵ģȫš
Сʱ骻ױ֮󣬲δļǵظլط絽͡
ŵӵʱط߳Ƶ꣬ͣˡ
ţ
طյͣ㷢ڶңҶֶκܲ
Ϊˣ֪Ǻΰ߸ˣûᡣ
ͬطжϵһҵȷʵǸ߸ɵˡ
ң߸Ҳڳ
Ǻΰصضġ
Ҫﶢط£ȷ˲뿪Ƶ꣬Ȼ骵ִլ֮󣬱žȥץ£ʹطָԤ
Ϊˣط뿪֮ͣ󣬸߸һʱ䲦ͨ˺ΰĵ绰
Сΰˣطղźһ뿪˾Ƶ֪꣬ȥˡ
绰ͨ߸ɿ˵Щȫƫƶļƻ
ԹŮһ뿪ǶҪȥլҹף١
ΰԣжϣеŭֱӴ
Ϊ骴طȥҹף٣˿Σ̤ؼҵҫ
Сΰô죿߸һʶʵ
֪֪ͨͨ㣬ʹȥǸץߡڴ֮ǰǸҪ뿪ΰָʾ
á
߸
ΰҶϵ绰վͺסľƵã˫ȭϵؽաɿͬʱΡ
ַʽѹеŭ𣬵Լ
ΰ󣬼ԼүүžԱӵ߳æӭȥ
үү¸˵ΰӭ˵
СţȥھƵſڵǡζԾԱָʾ
ǣ׳Ա뿪
ҪҪĻͻط˵ŻӦΰ
үүҸյõϢǸ˴طǰլҪһҹף٣ΰҧгݣѹ˵
Ȼ˹ܲúûҪˡ
üͷһЩ˵
ȻҹھԺգϻ֮ƣݵλҲͺ൱
ҹˣΣ
һ£ҹף٣ǸҹҺܴӵġ
˿̣ΰĻãҹҲûиͺؼӣܲգ
ϾҹٵӣҪעִ磬ìͷ׼Ůֲһ䡣
õģүү
ΰӦȻźƵſڡ
١骣ԭҴӦүүүүְֵǸķϣһʶȻҪطǸȥլǾͲҪҲˣ
һ֪Ǹؼǰʲôǣᱻǧָ
ΰһߣһ뵽ԺֵĻ棬Ƿ˱Цݡ

ͬʱ
ҶԼĸҶ߳ͣȥ
ΪҶ⣬٣ʶǸӽŸϵ
֮ǰҶӪֵܴ˵绰öԷɳǰլ
Сϵȷϻȥף٣
ҶʵڷɻҶ˵¡
ϵˣѾȥլ·ˡҶ˵
С絽ʲôͨҺؼСǰ컹רžٱûץΪһ̫ǿҪϻ֯֯ϣˣҲ޿ֵȥףٰǻƻϵ磬Ҵȥ鷳
ҶЩĵطȻֶҶҪҪ绰ȰȰ
֣ұ֤ϷǰǳҪʣ
ҶʣһڴǸо޲̷ɵլ




1816 طլ
߲ɢ
ʵ洦ɼΪԡ
ͬڲͬλã˶ĿǽȻͬġĳڵλáյȨԼܹǴĺôǸ˱
ҲвӦԭ
ϰλʱǰӵϰ˳Ϊ᳡ֵǣҲϰɱȨ֮ʧȥˡħеֻλʱµĿڱ
λʱµĿڱҲãҲգʱŲϴۡ
Ϊˣܶжãһʵٰһۻᣬ뼸λҪĿˣϾٰۻᣬʵ뽫ˣÿ˽չ˼鷢ӵ󻯡
ҹ磬ĳ˵Ҳˡ
ԣĿ˲࣬׼ȷ˵ֻҡؼҺҶҡ
ǰ½ľɣƵľкš
֮⣬ҹҲϸҪ㱨飬Ե֪ͨյķ⽮
翪ʼҵĺرլȴſ˵ĵ
ΪǵҹԴ鷿ͣؽӵ绰
Ȼûܶˣܶ˶绰ף٣λʱһЩͽ
ġٵģҲǱؿɲٵġ
ͨԣҪľۻᣬĳһǷֿġǰֿ죻Էʱӡ
Ҳ⡣
ھ翪ʼʱ仹磬桢Өһֵ죬־ʤΪ׵һԺ졣
־ʤ磬˵骽ҪǸطүүף٣𣿡ԺӨĶӿʵ
˵طڱͨ骽ôأⲻǸ鷳𣿡˸͡
˶۰Ͱ͵ؿ־ʤȴ־ʤĴ𸴡
ǶǴԺӵܣϢԶͨȣط类ֲͨԻܵ飬Ҳ֪ġ
ӵĻӦò
־ʤûش𣬶ɫǣǸ쵰һԴû׼Ļҡ

ĸ骽Ļô죿
־ʤĻش˾
·Ϊ˻ӦƵġ
ʱطһլ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬־ʤڣһԱԼͬؽĿͶˣطϡ
һ̣ǵɴ۾ϳ𾪡
־ʤڣû뵽ط羹ȻĻᶥͨͷٴլ
骣ֱں֣
𾪹־ʤȷѣŭѵҪˮŸ𣿡
־ʤҵֲܡ骺ػ
־ʤڲ֪ǰǣߣ־ʤΰ绰ٱط磬ʼչڻ
㡭
־ʤЩȻֽìͷָط磬ط磬骵ʲôˣ氮ĻͲӦ֪֪ĵҴ鷳ҲΪҵˣ
ΪŸΪҲϣԺ۸طص
⣡
طĻͷ΢΢һŸж
־ʤŭɶʲôԺ۸ҪĸԴΪ㣡û𣿡
ҵĵҶǸǻ˵˲㡣ܷͬף٣˵Ҳ㣬ֻү˵㡣طޱ˵
ǰ˱骲۸֮⣬ҲҹǷԼйء
ǼԼйصĻڽ뷽跨һЩ
㡭
־ʤٴαԶԡ
ʱ˴ӷ˳
ԺҲطԺ
صСӣڵ㻹ܸҴʲô
־ʤĸ׼ԼĶӱ³ϹżЦݣͲͨ˵ˡ
ط磬ڸղţѾزŴ绰ˣ֪ˡ뱻ץĻˣ
ſڣһԴǣǸо·طͬһ㣬ڳ˴ѡ
ط磬үүٵӣҵĻ뿪Ҫɨˣ骵СӨҲһõؿڡ
Լĸ󲮺СõĻ骶ʱˣҪΪط磬˷ִ
Ȼ
嶯жزԼֱһֻȵĴסˡ
ɲǼ䣬һ㱣ֻԼԽʱգصǰ
ǰҲǧָطǿƳ֣ס֣ůģոּˣ˵ͷǸ
ôǰһ̬
骻㱵ͬʱط骵֣üʵ
㡭
Ȼط⻰򸾣ӨЩջ𣬵Ҫٴοڽѵط硣
һΣ骵ĸⷼǰһǵɫӵؿط磬ȿڵС磬ҲϣڽҪѿҲҪ鷳𣿡
裬ʲô˼
ξѣʱˡ
ԼĴ󲮡ĸСط磬ԼĸҲ
塢Ⱒ̣ɣѾˣȥүүһףүү뿪Ҷ˵תߣǿΣ
ط罫ĿͶ桢ⷼ򸾣ڣ
桢ⷼ㹻أѡá
Ϊ桢ⷼ򸾴δ˶˵ʲô
һͨʲôʸүүף٣
һ̡
桢ⷼ򸾻ӦһȻ
䣬Ӱ֡
ΰźΣլ




1817 ׸

ৣ
ΰĻΰ˲լԺӣӨҳ־ʤΪһɫһ䡣
Ǹղ̬ȶӵط磬̶ܴΪطںؼ˵ǰط绹ûߣؼ˱㵽ˡ
ǣ桢ⷼ򸾵ıҲЩˡ
Ƕ֪־ʤڲ֪ǰǣߣºΰؼ޹⣬θҹԷʱἰ˴£رʾ˲
ʱҹ˶ʾǸ⡣
񣬺ˣطȴլУƱػպΣӶӰ쵽ҡ
һ骽ΪҵĹ󡪡˶骵
塣
үү
Ϊ׵ҳ־ʤΪһ׷׿ʺã̬ʮء
βǳҹǰһϿǣǾеʵɴС
үү
ҲʺãǳڣҲǲ볹պΡ
СС桢СӨüûˣǻǸʱһ־ʤ˵һ˲š
΢ЦףȻĿδ桢Ө־ʤɨ
ʼգûȥ骣·骵˿Ҳ骵ʻ˷ƨ
ȻҲûȥط磬·طѹڡ
ţ
ط״΢΢ۡ
⣡
ͬʱ˶Сϸв˺ζ骵Ĳ
У桢ⷼɫѿأ뿪ڣȴ֪˵ʲô
壬󡢾ӣȥǶо񡣡
ʱͦ΢ЦŻӦȻĿָΰ͵ΰ֮ҪλְѾǴУǰ;
ˡ
ΰڻӦǫ飬Ŀͱ֮п͵̬Ŀɨʱ˸ӵĸо̺ű塣
ַʽĬĬظ骣骣ܹȤӴң
Ө̡
󣬺ΰרӨкȻĿͶ桢ⷼ򸾣塢Ⱒ̣ʵڱǸΪ־ʤҵϢҲ֪骺ط绹ûзֳֿᣬǲҪϡ
ᡣⷼεЦ
ɫѿ
ΪΰھᣬǸԼҩҲ骡
֮ǰʱ˵طڱͨҸΪڽһӣ骽طլһ£ȶһӰ죬ҲǺؼӰ졣
·Ϊӡ֤жƵģΰٴοڣìͷֱָط骡
ৣ
桢ⷼɫʱһ䡣
Ҳпһĵ飬վǷˡ
Сΰ˵ûԣҸղѾ绰زŷӳط粢ĿˣڲԵ֮⣬Ҳ뿪
ٴοڣ˵ԼһУӶߺΡΰˣҲϣط絽Ըպؼˡ
ط磬ҾˣƤҪʲô̶ȣŻƤزԵȻŲߣ
ĻûκαʾΰһЦؽĿͶط硣
С磬̵ģߣ𣿡
һ̣ط翪ڣⷼٴοȰ˵ط뿪Ŀ֮гſ
֪ط磬طһŭ֮£ʲô顣
Ͳպؼˣǻ᳹׵ؼң
һ骾ͲֻǳΪҵĹôˣǻΪҵˣ
裬ʲô
ٴμˣŭط綼˵ˣȥүүףһֻҪүү뿪ߡ
骣ұ죡
骽Ļ˵꣬ͺһֱӴĻȻߣֱط磬һһط磬ٴξ㣬ҲûμҸҹ磬Ҳӭĵ뿪
һ̣׸ĸչֵ쾡¡
Ϊ˲ؼңֱӴңźΡΰү˵̬ȣٴζطϡ
ৣ
Ļ£骵ɫٴһ䣬÷ŭޱȡ
Ӷڲ
ΪԴط̬ȶеŭҲΪط类ô˵еۣΪԼطصլеûڡ
Ȼ
һΣûеڻھεؿط磬߬ط֣ءط磬ԲҲӦôġ߰ɣҲˣ
ɵѾͷΪ˸үүף٣ҲΪ˱㲻۸ôܾһ֮أ
طҡͷʾ԰ꡣ
骻һʶ뵽Լǰжϣطֶ
Ҫʲô
ͬʱҳһǺΡΰЩɻ
ط磬Цﶼ骵ˣͨƤ˭۸
ɻ֮࣬ΰٴοڣкڣǽһ޿֡
ΰұ֤ò˶þͻ͹һҡβͣԭԲΪ
źΰĻ£һȻլſ
ҶҶ浽ˣ



1818 ׼ʲô
ΪһԱҶѧʵҲ˰Զǳȡ
븸Ҷһ³˺ΰһĻòᣬʶһţΰ
һҵΰҶһҲӺΰ
ҶҴ٣
ؼֻǾġ׳ɡͷͦͣҶƾкȣвࡣ
οΰǶط粻
ǻӵܸôط˵ҶҲػֻҪطһ£Ի̷
ৣ
ҶĻҶҶ֣ڳط֮⣬˵ɫˡ
桢ⷼڵˣ־¡
ǣҶǾ仰ط磬ʲôʱúΰͷģ
µǣҶΪطͺΰġ
ǶطľųǵĻħһȺԺӵܡ
Ҳǵãط統鷳ҶΪȺԺӣһʱȥط磬߾ȫΪطṩ
طΪȺԺӵܣ̫Ӳڽ£ͽú춦ֲӻĳ
骵ֻоȡ
Ȼµط粻ֶҶĻҲĺġط絽׼ʲô
ͬʱͻȻüͷüĿ֮ŲãΰûһŭĿɨҶ
Ҷʲô˼
ΪҶĻʵ̫ˣΰЩʧأΪԼүүڳΰпɽֱӽаҶ
ֻʵʵ˵
ҶЦһֿ׳յĿ⿴źΰȻֹԣӦҵжϡ
١ҶЦѵ㲻֪ڱͨ𣿡
ΰЦӦȫҶղ˵ΪҶڸطơ
ֻ֪ͷӱȣөԣЬ䣡ҶЦ
棬ʲô˼
ٴҶĻεɫҲѿˣֱӳҶʡ
SL˵飬ǻǲҪˡ
ҶӦȫûҶ˼ĬҶĻ
һ棬ҶؼҹϵУҶطĸǴɿ㳤ģֵܣȻҪط硣
һ棬ǰĻǺΰط磡
ΪҪǣ·ϣԼĶ˾ܡ
׼ȷ˵Ҷ˵ⳡϷǰǳӾʺѯʣȻҶʵ֪Եɡ
֪ǰǸؼӣʵȴһ˿ԵֵϺŵ꣬ĵǺεȵľˣ
Ҷ֪طĵƣڳ˿ɲ֪顣
ΪˣҶάطĻǵоһ
ǸǣҶںؼ֮ϣҶطϵãҶطĸҲֵܣαϾϿǣҶûΪط磬ֱӽγ׵
ĳ˵Ҷ汾˺ҶҶԣʲô£
Ҷ棬ͬӵĻˣ
·Ϊӡ֤˵ƲƵģɫױˣüͷٴοڣͳҲ֮˺ܶࡣ
SLΪ˵飬ԼȽϺá
Ҷٴ۵㣬Ҳӵر̬ȡ
ãããҵҪʲôͣ
ŭЦȻŤͷСأ˶ˣҲó¶ˡ
壬Ұָղڽӵ绰ȥ
ɫһ䣬֪ĶŭˣҪҹ棬Խطߡ
Ӧ˺֮־ʱȥҹ㱨£ǹײȻŤͷ棬ȥаֳ
á
֪ԼҴ⣬¹ط𣬶طŮˣҲһΣȻѡ
£˵ֱ鷿ȥ
Ҷ塣
ͬʱطٴοˣҶ濪ʺá
š
Ҷ΢΢ףطĿ⼫Ϊӣо̾Ҳɻ󡪡ط絽׻ʲôķʽƣ

լһͥԺǹŴĳλȨլӣռС鷿ߵĽ䣬ڵĵطס
ҲΪʲôѾˣҹ֪ԭ
鷿ʱҹոսһ绰
֣ͻ涼ˡ
ǿڻ㱨飬Ȼҹһ䣬⣬طҲף١
ͻˣ
ҹüͷһ֪طпܸٴլϢ˼
Ȼ
ʾ֭Ҳûط羿һ
ͬʱҲΪ˶еǣصظһ绰桢ⷼȰ˵骣Ҫط
⵹ط
ʵϣΪطξ骵ΪطһΪط統սּ˸ϳǺҹһ̸֮УҹǶطӡáߵˡ
طһһεĴ˵ֻھҲԤϣĿ࿴
ҲΪˣӨ˶طһٴҲֻǸ˽˵Ӳҵҹᡣ
ҹطǲΪطĳ֣úΡΰѿӶӰ쵽ؼҵĹϵҲǱرط硣
Ͼ֪طĴؽĹϵӶ񻯲˵ٴαͨ
ţЩ졣⣬Ҳȥˣ˶ˣȥ
ͷЩԲ𣬰֣ûá
㣬طСӵ·Ҫضסġ߰ɣҵҪСӽһĺ񣡡
ҹ˰֣Ļ
һ̣ûҲûеǣֻǳ˺棡




1819 Сı
Ƶͣ
߸Ȼغ򣬵ȴźΰ֪ͨ
ǲԶĵطͣ̾ԴֻҪ߸ڣǱƵץ¡
һԣץ˻
һ֣ͻΪ˱͹ҰȫֻҪʾ֤ɽͽץߡ
ڶֳ֣־֤ɾڲǩģԽ˾Ѷ
ֳִ֣֤ǾݼԺĴ飬ɾǩȻﷸʵʩץ
˿̣геǾ֤
Ϊ߸´鱨˰ṩ˺棬ݱĵȼ´Ѷ֤ȷ֮ٽϡ֤ƽء
İ참̡
ˡ
ͻȻֻ𶯵
߸ֻһǺΰĶţֻ֣ж
ڳϵң
߸һϲЦһжһȻ³֡
Դ̾Ѹ³
˵ǰ참ǲҪ߸ģ߸кҪ߸Ҫضʱץ
ΪˣǶûԵɣڵȴ߸֪ͨ
̾³ֱ֮߸Ƶ꣬ȻƵĹԱʾ֤Ȼϰ참Ҫ󣬾ƵϣɳԱŷȥš
Ӻ󣬸߸ͼ̾ס׷ſڣԱͷ̾ͷǰóš

һ죬Ӧ
ֳ̾ǹƻس׷߸档
׷ĿװɳϣͻȻľ͸߸û˿ľȣûлţеֻƽ
µضǰĺ裬һڡ
һĻø߸ͼ̾Щ졣
Ϊͨԣ˼죬ᾪţ㵭ģ
Ǿãصصǣ
£18֣ɽ߶ֲŹ߸ܺ˸߸˺̷ڶʮ˺һˣǾ֤
ݵľȹͷ̾ĮؿڣȻʾԼľ֤ϼǩľ֤
õģ١
΢ЦŵͷȻȫϡ
طصؽģ´ʱհ졣
ţ
µĻ¾ٶ߸ͼ̾ٴһ㶡
ȻǶû뵽»ôϣ
ո߸ƶϣ¼пܻᷴܡ
Ǽ̾ж֮ǰӵϼҪ󡪡ӵһʵΣգϼҪץʱЯǹ֧Ҫ³֡
ߣ
ȹ龪ȣͷ̾Ǻܿ´
̾ԣ˵ǰͳµ˫סȻһһѺ¡
Уûκηϡ
ϵͬʱһϷʵؿŸ߸Ǹо·ڿһСڱݡ
ԭڸ߸ӦýȻ󱻾ƷǱرߡ
ղţƽϾø߸ЩˬǸоһȭ˺ϡ
˿̣ϷʵĿ⣬ø߸еĲˬֱеŭһϴڡ
ӣúܼ
ŭ֮࣬߸ǿŸһƵĳ嶯Ц˵
߸תһ仰
ԣЦݲȴø߸ͼ̾ľĸоܿ죬ͻȥҵǰ뿪

ݵľ󣬸߸ż̾棬ЦЦ֮г޿ֺͼ
һ̣µľ棬ЦЦ
Цΰһţ㱨ѽץϢ
լ
ΰڽӵ֮΢΢̣ճһĻȣҪȡЦط磬⿴ҹ㽫ߵĻ˻ȥ
Ҫط类ϳլº˵˵ϢطڡˤһͷͬʱطϲһţﵽĿģ
֮⣬Ҳ֪Ϊط磬޹⣬Ǻεȵ֪
֡
үү
ںΰЦѵͬʱҹͬԺӣ˵һʱʺá
֣ط粻ԵҳԲѷѾ绰زžٱˣ
ʺùһʱ㱨
ûлش
ҹֱӽĿͶ˿ˣкΡ桢Сллǰף١
磬֪ҲСǼˣҾãطڱͨڽһӣ֣ңҡؼңǺ£˵أ
οżɽֱӱԼĲҹطȥ
ط磬㲻˵ʲô𣿡
ҹûлӦΣɫӵؽĿͶط磬ʵ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ڳ˶ĿͶط硣
Ȼ
ط粢ûпڣǽĿͶլſڣĿ˳ƴӺΰɨ
ǡط磬ǶҲôҸ㣬һεᣡ£ִҽ򣬸ոձץߣ㲻븰ĺ󳾰ɣ
ΰطĿɨΪطҪԼѣ޿ֵЦ
ȷʵһεᡣ
ط΢΢һЦլſڡ
ڸʲô
ѵҪ
طͻĻɻѣȻ˳Ŀ⣬׷׿լſڡ
һ̡
һӰլſڣ˵




1820 £
Ϊ˶ѭطĿ⣬լſڣʶһʱ俴ˡ
һˣһװϵĽ½˸
ǿŽľҲݡ
˭
һ̣һǺΰҶͻȻլſڵ˶һ
ͬʱҹκҶ˾ͫ׷Ŵϳžȡ
Ϊǵһʱϳˡ
ա
ܲ²ŵĸְ
֮࣬ǺΣҶ涼Ľ
ǿһӣլĿĲԶΪҹף١
ңǴ
ǶҹҵҵʮϿɣҲҹĪҫ
Ͼڹȥʮҹ˵Уܵõģ޼
ͬҲúκҶ涼϶ҹԼãΪҺı˸վרҹףٵ̬ȿδȻչˡ
ҹȻҲ֪һ㣬м֣¿첽ŷӭȥ벿ôҲ֪ͨһҺȥ㡣
SLˡXXίУصף٣ͬʱлھмʮڹ
ӭҹȻסҹ֣Ц˵
лл֯лл׳ְڣҵ
ҹһ£ɿ֣վ񣬴Ӷл⡣
ռ״ػһ
벿
󣬵շֱ֮󣬺ӭȥʺá
Ȼ۾κͼ𣬺ζڷ֮ϣձϾܲˣҽǵܰڼӣҪձʾء
ãSL
΢Ц֡
벿֪һ𰡡
ҶҲ΢ЦӭȥҲְܲλͷ൱ƽʱҲнǺϤˡ
棬Ҳֻˡ
տЦһ¹رǵһҪ
Ȼˣִףٵ飬Ҳǰйܡ
ã벿
桢ӨҳҲ׷ǰʺá
հ֣Եġ
ã塣
ۿҳкΰһӭϴкһܴûгƺյְ񣬶ǳ֮Ϊ壬Դϵ
á
־ʤΪһΰľٶһξѣ׷ѧ
Ǻá
ռԵػӦ
ã벿
ʱҶվʺá
Сɵò͡
΢ЦŹһ䣬̬Ժΰ־ʤ˽Ȼͬ
ΪҶҶĶӣΪΪҶҴٵҶûԺӵƽλǽࡢΣյսӣҳΪ˻սԱ
лл벿
Ҷֱۣл
ˣԺ֮Уֻطûʺá
վԺһƫƧĽ䣬˵סӰȥֵĳ룬Ǳһ㡣
մ˿̲δˡ
ˣҲһš
ȻʶգͨռǿŽǣԼҹκҶ˶Էյ̬ȣжϳյͷܴ
һ£ķջط鷳
ҹڣ˶ܵġ
ǵĵĲطᱻ鷳ǵһΪطﱻǣ
벿ؼСӲԵղѾ绰زžٱˡңҹҪ뿪ˡ
ʱο˵Ϊ˸ҹͣʵҲΪ˱ԼͺؼҲطӰ졣
ৡ
źεĻ£˷֮⣬ȫ˲ԼͬؽĿͶطˡ
£ΰٴιżЦݣǸо·˵ҵҪͨô죿

Өҳ־ʤһ˿εĻطĵƲ˹ϵ
桢ⷼа̾Ϣ
ԣǶط粢ûһЩͬطʶһҲϣط¡
ҹһɵؿط磺ѵԼжϴˣСӽûиԼ׼
Ҫƿô
Ҷ桢Ҷˣһڴ
ţ
ͬʱһѭ˵Ŀ⣬ԺǸ۵Ľ䡣
ৣ
һ̡
տط磬ͫ˲ŴɫҲ֮䣡
ط磬뿪
յı仯Ϊնطе𾪶ٴοط硣
죡
Ȼ
Ļ˵ڣ㱻һͺȴϡ
Ƿա

ͻһĻڳ˶Щ£֪ôˡ
ûһµı飬ǿ첽ط硣
¡
ĲĽСܵļ
һ
ڣվͷ·ʻȻɲ͵طǰͣ˽ŲϵĲԡ
벿Ҫʲô
һĻжɻ
ãط硭Ͻ
Ӧǵһض
լǸ۵Ľ䣬ոձ£ʺõķգһغͲ̧֣ط羴ʺã




1821 
ضͬһ쳹ڰլصÿһ˵Ķϡ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

ɲǼ䣬֪ĻҶ桢Ҷ֮⣬骡ҹͺڵˣɫǿ䣬˲˾ξˣ
ط粻Ǳͨ
ôͻȻ֮Ͻ
ôܳΪϽ
޷ľǵģǵӿֳһһɻ
ô
Ҷ桢ҶЦЦнҲм
Ϊطȡⲻ˼ĳɾͶеҲڼΡΰ֮ǰۿ˵ͣ
ô
յϳ˲֮⣬о̾
·ɻ֮󣬽ӵŵܵ磬֪ϲӽľ·һݻļط类ȡͨұϽ
ʱѾ𾪵Ŀɿڴʱ˿̣ǰطӣлƽ
ΪµһƽʮǰΪϽֱȵ컹ѣ˵ܣ
Ȼ
ǰؼӣҲɻľˣ
ңϲӵϽ
ã벿
ʱط翪ڻӦ˷գҲӦڳÿһˡ
ͬʱҲջһ

طĻطջྴĳ棬Ҷ桢Ҷ֮⣬ͳͳɵˡ
޷طΪҡһͨϽǸǣһжġվԲϿЦ
ңǲı;ľٶҲڸǣⲻЦַʽطʾǸأ
û
أ
Ϊط粻αߣҴϲӣ
طϲӵϽ֪δ᲻ƿϲӣ
ǸطϽҸղûп
·Ϊӡ֤˵жƵģٴοˣԼղΪʲôûеһʱطк
ûϵ
ط΢΢һЦȻ֣֡

հ˿ϵĲʧ
ͬʱӨ־ʤΪ׵һǺΰǵ϶ӿֳ˿ֻš
ΪЩˣط֮󣬱طֳԲѷ۳طĴڻǵúؼ˲ˣںΡΰү˵֮󣬺ضطϣ
ںΰ
źڳһһıԵ̽ơط磬һŸ߸α˺棬ùϵ¸ץˣ
롭벿ô£
͵˺ͺΰֲͬʱ̲סտʵ֮еľδȥЩᡣ
һڣ֪ĻҶ桢Ҷ֮⣬˶һʱ佫ĿͶ˷ա
ʵģҲ֪ġ
SLϣǽӵϲӵһļط类ϲȡͨϲֲˣұΪϽ֮⣬طϽϲ뻪ľսĹͶԽӣ
ջڣҿյס
Ϊ֪ļܿҪ·ˣûбܵıҪ
⣡
յĻεͷûһ
Ȼ֪طһģϲӵһطһɳ죡
ӽط粻ϲӵϽһս뻪ľйͽӣ
ΪµǣطŶʮ꣡
ৡ
ͬʱ˵ɫٱ䣬Ǿãŵá
桢ⷼһҺҹǰߣΰںߡ
𾪵ͬʱǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ѣӶܿƵز
ҹһҡ
Լû沨Լûط뿪ֻط˵ʲô
桢ⷼЩûڡ
֪ԼŮϵ˺㣬㣬ɳǵ߸ǵһЩ֪
һ̣Ϊ֮ǰûмᶨվŮһߣеڡ
˵桢ⷼǺڵĻӨ־ʤͺΰǽӶˣ
һ̣Ө־ʤʶſͣͼ˵ʲôȴ֪˵ʲôá
Ͼ֮ǰֵ̫̱ˣ˿˵ʲôˣǵֻ޾İûڣ
⡭ⲻܣʮ궼֮ǰֻһУôܳΪϽһϲ绪ľ
ͬʱΰɬؿڣԴҡͬ˹һ
޷źͽһޱȻʵ
ܣ
ΰĻҶǿСһźΰЦΰ֮ǰ˵͹һҡβͣԭ¡֮ǰ㲻ţڣ𣿡
ৣ
ȻҶĻεɫȻһ䡣
һΣûȥǳҶһؿط硣
طϽðһ䣬ΰʲô
ʱһصسطʵ
ȻԣҲطһɳ̫˼ѽʵޱȵطѽȣ
طݡλǺΰܹģ
磬ΰĽ߸˼صһɽ߶ֲ۲ͣҵ²μӡʱѡ˾ܾȻ󣬺ΰ˱ѽи˸ϵ衣Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬸߸Ҫȥץͷͼǿѣ˸߸һơ
ط˵ͣһ£ȻʱȻߣֺзִ磬δԺΰĽ߸˺ΰָʾ߸ȥα˺棬ȻбڸղŴž콫ץˡ
طϽģһ̽»㱨飬Դ½ж顣˵һʵұ֤ϸվй涨Ժΰд
ԣ뵽ط磬һ̵̬
ͨ
ΰԣ˲䱻̱ڵأͬһ




1822 ܵǸ
ΰճƺطϽط羴ʱоѣﻹиһвġ
ΪطͨҡһΪϽ̫ħãȫϳ
Ȼ
ܿ죬ɱյȷϷ飬һ֪ط罫ϲ뻪ľսйͶԽӡ
ϽǸζԣúΰľ
ΪطֻϲӵϽȻԺգӰ첻ģطӵ뻪ľĹְȨƣΰֻɫ䣬ؼطǰҲҪȻʧɫ
һ£ط˵µ飬յ̬Ҫ졭
ֱúΰ̬ˣһֱӵ˵ϡ
Ϊ׿طһɳݺȨƲᣬطղ˵һжʵĻѣ
Υ˽˻Ļָʹα֤ݱٰ
һУҪҪġžȽǳ䣡
үүү
󣬺ΰ⿴˺Σˮ֮˿һžݣγ
ž
ӦΰһĶ⣡
Ŀ֮£ŭɶֱһƳںΰϡ
βμӹϱǳս佫ͣӹǺӲʣͬҪöࡣ
һƣŭֱ֣ӽΰ鷭˵ϣ

ͻһĻ˺ܶ˵Ԥϡ
Өҳ־ʤΪһһȣû뵽ξȻᵱ˵ΰ
Ƕû뵽οΰ
ٴڵϵĺΰ˲סָӡѣȾѪ
Ȼ
ûϵƣһŵؿźΣүүү
죡
ŭһϺΰĻڵͬƵġ
²òͷ
ʶʱΪܡ
Ȼ
ںοԼѡؼδļ̳ˣֱһϣ
ǺΣҹҶ桢ҶӣҲͬͷ
ǿΰѹûơͷϵĺؼҹ⻷Ѿˣ޷ӻˣ
˶طϽϴǸ֪ͨ߸ǸˣȥطϽѽӳκٴοڡ
ò˵ϵ
ȻҲһ۵ķתѣͷԺѡ
֪طղ˵һоǺ죬ΰһ䷴ûС
Ҳ֪طѲǺؼܹˡ
һ£ΰͺؼҪľǵǸطԭ¡
ΨˣſԽԺΰͺؼӰ콵ͣ
ϴ
Ǹ
εĻΰڵ޶ԡ
һ̣ĶûɵػصҶǰǾ仰ΰұ֤ò˶þͻ͹һҡβͣԭԲΪ
ȻһȻãȻʹ̧ͷǰǸȻط硣
ڲǰںΰУطֻһ˺ͨ
кڳһһεȥƺط磡
ȴҪͬ͹һҡβͣطǸ
ֽȻķͬһ˺ΰ࣬ǷںؼҴٵĽ֧飬г裡
Ƿ裬Զྩطڽ£Ҳǰڶطʱң
Ȼ
裬˿̵ĺΰѾٻָһЩǣʶԣҲ֪ϴǸĿġ
ԡԲط硭
˵ע£ΰ׽ǷںؼҴٵĽȥι̱ڵϣطǸ
һƵᡣ
ط绺ڣֱӴ˺ΰĻ
ڶ˵仰
仰һʼǺΰ˵ġ

Ȼط仰ΰԺ˲һƬհף죬ɴ۾ط磬ϳſֻź;
Ϊط˵仰ĿġܵǸ
ৣ
ȻҲʶһ㣬ɫȻһ䣬Ȼһ£ӲͷƤ˵طϽܳŴ˶һθĹµĻᡣ
᣿
طۣźΣΣΪǵ棬ʾҲҪүүףٵʱ骻
ŮӺΰָʾα˺棬þϵץѵʱǸѻ
һضҽи裬ϧҪүү棬Һߵʱһ
ڣ̸һᣬ𣿡

ƿԣӺˣüĿ֮зŭ裬ǵǡ
֮࣬ʶؽĿͶҹϣҹ棬ΰͺؼط飬طһ档
Σ㲻ÿүүҲҪΪүү
ط翴εľٶٴοڣ쳹լϿգźؼҵ磬޷үүףٵһ𣬵ӺŮڷ֮ϣ뽫ͽһ¾Ͳˡ죬˭ӶʹҲУ

طĻ³һйƤ˲˺üꡣ
ΰǱڵϣһд˾
Ҷ桢ҶһϷʣΡΰү˵Ŀûκͬ顣
߬˫֣˫죬üĿ֮Ÿж
ҹΪ׵ˣɫӡ
˾һߣҾһɡ
˻һڣҶ
ɽ׸ģˮ
δ䡣



1823 ؽ޷棬â¶
ĵ£լԺһƬΰ̱լԺӵĵϣһˣսլʱ޿γ˽Ȼķ
˵Ŀⲻطͺΰת
һĻγһĻ
ΰ㻹Ÿʲô绰ֹͣǵ޴ƻ
ܿ죬լİƣҹˣһѪָ˹ؼ
ͨطղǿӲ̬ȣ֪ط˿ͷϡ
ط·طһ棬ûκοܣΨ취ط
ֹǵ֮
һıؽҹһط֮ǰ˵죬ҲУ
˶绰
θղűطǿƾܾһʱҲʧȥ侲˿ҹĻʱ򣬼ٿڡ
áã
ҹͺεĻΰŻعꡯʶػӦţ֮Ҳָ˼ǣվͳֻ
ȡ
ۿΰҪڴ绰òΣæһнѡ
ΰһȻֻߵһ˵Ľ䣬ͨ߸ĵ绰
Сΰطɵլȥ𣿡
绰ͨ߸ȿڣǽһֻеźûֳδۼ֤طı硣
ϵͷ£
֪ΪΣ߸ֻĻΰֻʹǿĳ嶯˵
ʲʲô
绰ͷ߸Ѿ뿪Ƶ꣬һ߿һ߽绰ȻΰĻһ㽫̻
߸һŲɲֱӽͣ˵·ԣһδССΰʲôôö˶˵ҪͷǸӡ
ҪΪʲô˵ȥ
ΰٴɫѿش˸߸Ļӹɡ
ȻҲͨҹͺζ绰ĿġΣƽϢطŭ𣬷Բ˶ߣ
ʵ޷߸߸ࡪطҡһ䣬ӾͨʵȨϽ
áðɡ
Ȼ߸ʮɻ󣬵ΰûٶʣӦ
ͬʱжϺΰǱӦóʲô⣬ľ
⣬²Ը뿪ĻǹҲҪ뿪ͬʱ뾡һа취ԭ£ΰҶϵ绰ֲĵһ䡣
ССΰ׷ʲô
߸ˣԼжϱӡ֤ˣҪеĸء
үү
ΰûнֱͣӰΡ
ǡǡ
߸ŵͷһٴδӦȻֺΰҶ˵绰
Ϊˣ߸ûϵȵȼһ֧̣ݺݵ˼ڣַͨʽǿԼ侲ȥ˼׷ʲôŻúΰԼһ绰
ѵطǸ쵰Ϊ³ͷˣط˵ͷǾеͨʲôʱúΰͷοүүҲլ
߸һ̣һ˼еԵɣʾ֭ҲûȻ
֮£߸ֻ̣Ȼóֻͨһ绰
Ӻһʻľϣ̾ھǰţںĳ
ĳᣬʵһ׵ηµֱڳϣɡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һ̶ֻھͷ̾óֻͨ˵˼䡰ǡ
Ҹطͣ
ͷ̾Ҷϵ绰Կͬ˵һ䣬ϳŲ⡣
Ϊڸղţ˾绰ͷ£Ҫ±ʾǸ⡣
ɣ˾û˵ҲûҶʡ
á
ľӦȻ󽫳ͣ·ߵһͣ
ԴӾͣⱻع֮󣬸ؾ춼ʼעˡ
ͣ£ͷ̾еɻ³ߵ棬š
Ŵ򿪣ͷ̾ͼͬ£ؿûа㷸˵ľźͲһƽ
֣ͷ̾ͼͬ¶еЩȡ
ȵͬʱͷ̾ӿ϶è壬ҵһʱ뵽⼫пܳ˺桪߸ȥ˺ˣ
ͨһ֮ͷ̾һǸ˵ǸС㣬ӳ˵⣬ҪֹͣǶץѶڸֱ뿪ˡ
Ϊһ׵뿪𣿡΢΢һЦ
ǻۣȻͨǰһĻжϳطլƿ˵ơ
㡭
һƽͷ̾һ¡
һ˵˱ͷŵʱ޲üñҿȥ뿪
Ӧжϳ⣬֪
¿ڣ̾Ļǳͷ̾˵ġ
ৣ
ͷ̾ɫʱһ䡣
˵ղֻǻɵĻô˿µĻֱӿ϶еĲ²⡣
ǸС㣬Ҳû뵽һͷ̾ٴǸ
Ҳ참ԼıְҲǣ֮ǰ˵׵³ܡ
Ǳʾ⣬Ȼ̬ȣ̬ȼ
С㣬ʲôͷ̾ʵ
ӦûǵھƵץʱҶԸ߸˵Ǿ仰´ʡ
߸תһ仰ܿ죬ͻȥҵǰ뿪
ͷ̾ڣ̾һʱ˵ʱΣҲ뵽µʱ˵Ǿ仰
ǲ鷳Ļ̸ǵ˾绰ø߸
¼״ٴοڣıƽͬ׷ʱһü̾һľĸоȻⲻǿźвֻҸ˵һ顣
ã
ͷ̾ӦµҪ
µѾȫԿ϶߸ṩ˺αģҲжϳǡڴܡȻԸС
£ͷ̾˾һ绰Ȼ˵Լһڵλá
ʮӡ
ʮӹ󣬸߸㿪һ7ơǵıG63ͣ
߸ͣھԣһۼ̾û³г˲ӲͷƤ³
ӵ⣬ʱ̸ҪȰ˵С³û߸߽֮ͷ̾˵
á
߸ӦȻߵĺ󷽣һ˪£еĪ飬뿪˵ʲôֲ֪˵ʲô
߸뿪ֻһ취ȿڡ
ʲô
߸ʶʡ
£Դʮ⣬ΪԲѷһڣ
»ڣ󣬵ӹɡ
ؽ޷档
һ̷â¶




1824 ʹ

ǿƵĻǸ߸ļ̾סˡ
Ƕû뵽²Ը³ϢˣȻΪԼΪ߸طԲѷ
ңΪط磬Ȼø߸£Դʮ⡭
ֳ仰̾ԸȻĵԲҲԸһ㡣
Ͼ߸ǽĸҲ竣ֲˣ
۽һ˭ҶԸ߸˵Ļ
㡭˵ʲô
߸һŵؿ£Լ˻
㲢֪ʲô
¼״ЦȻˣѡܾ
ʲô
߸ɴ۾ٴʵ
ʵϣղŽӵΰ绰ʱ򣬾֪һ㣬κκΰûи
Ǹ߸̾Ҳ֪׷ʲôſôӽʧܾãͨ£ø߸¹Դ⣡
ֻһӣһ֮һ³ʱšԴ⣬Ҳ޹ء
㡭
߸Ȼŭǿֻš
Ǹһ˲õĴ£¾Բǰţ
ͷ߸ǿѹסĵŭߵһԣٴóֻͨΰĵ绰
Сΰ¡ҹ£Դʮ⣬طڣͲ뿪
绰ͨ߸ȿڣ֮гߡ
ԣɽ߶һ⣬Ҫе裡
Ͼֿ֣
죬Ҫ˵ȥ
뱻
һ֮֮
˵ȥ
ΰֱӴ˸߸Ļѹ֡
ΪΪʲôôˣԺûڽǻˡ
߸׼ˣСΰ׷ʲô
ڲ㷢ʲô밴˵ȥΪ޷ԭ£ʧĿֻܲвƸɣ
լΰվǸƫƧĽ䣬ѹɿ˵

ٴΰĻ߸ûһֱֻӴе䣬ȻֻžһֻĻ˲ѣͨҲжϡ
Ȼ
߸ȴûȥֻͬľһ㣬վԭأһϳžȫһɻռݣ׷ʲô
ûд𰸡
һ̣߸ؿµӶˣ׼³
ȡȵȣ
һĻø߸ξѣʶغһ
ͨ
£߸һ䣬˫ϥҵأµǰ
ΪסƸΪ˱סɣΪϢˣϣ棬ż̾棬¹

һĻǼ̾ɵˡ
ȻǶû뵽ΰĻ
ԡԲС㣬ҲӦöطԲѷӦдһ
ȼ̾лع񣬺ΰˣϳͿֻţҲЩ
ž
ž
ž
£߸»ػֱۣԼ⣬һһǸоµò޷ﵽϢ˵Ŀġ
һƣƣơ
߸ż̾棬ǰԼʮ⣬һƬףѪӡѿѪ߰ߡ
¼״û˵ʲôֱ˾
ټ
ͷ̾кȻӸ߸뿪ʼûȥ߸һۡ
£߸ź׵ϣްǰƵʱĲһеֻ벻⡪׷ʲô
̾Ҳ֪һ㡣
ǵò𰸣ֻܿħıӰ
ħҲħ

һӺլĺΰյ˸߸Ķš
߸ϳƤóֻԶŵʽ֪˺ΰѾ뿪Ϣ
Ϊ绰ֻ̣侲侲
ΰӵϢֻ֮Ȼ󿴵ط֮⣬˵ĿⶼԼϡ
֣úΰеĪ裬ѹ֡
ӲͷƤط硣
̶̼ʮ׵ľ룬Ժΰԣߵطǰʱֻùһ͡
ءطϽҽѾ¹ϴԴԭ¡
ΰ˵е˵ȥˣǸо·𲢷Ǹ߸һУԼ
һѾ뿪ˣ첻鷳ˡ
Ŷ
ط翴ҹ֮ǰڵķϣӦ˺ΰ
ءطϽŹҡ
طһŶһĶ˺ΰϣ޵ݵĸоǿ裬ġ
һεĹȣĵķɲƶģ޷澯참
طޱ飬ǻӦΰҲǵ˵̬
⣡
ΰͷһһ󷢶ٴ̱ڵϡ
Ϊ֪ط仰Ľ֡
ûκָ֤֤ʾ߸ȥα˺ͱͼԩͽηΪط̬ȣվԻὫϱ¡
һóеΣҲҪеΥй涨ĴĻߵͷ
Ľ߸ȻܷɵƲã
ߡ
Ҳʶһ㣬رһ۾ȻؿҹһۣԺΰڡ
Ȼѳɶֻ֣ҹܹͺؼ˵˵ûȡΰĻᡣ
֮⣬
ͺΰһּ尾ҹҲûط翪ڡ
Σߡ
ҹ˺Ŀе˼ûб̬û͡
ѡվطߡ
Ϊ壬ҲΪطѽȡ
˵עУΡΰүˣǴ̵ʿһ㣬ͷɥ뿪լʱȣ֮
ɻ
źΡΰȥıӰҶЦһû˿ͬ飬еֻǴġ
⣡
ҶĻӨ־ʤΪһͷһ
Ǹ֮ǰͨ꣬͸˺ؼһѡ
꽫͸ʲô




1825 ζ
źΡΰүȥլٴλָ˰˵Ŀⶼطϣͬ
үүףտ֡
ط΢Цҹףʼûȥһˡ
ǸҹӣҲǲмӨ־ʤ˼ƽϡ
С磬лл
ҹ΢ЦŸлЦ֮дżֿɬ
ط˽ͼߵۣ뵽طǰû뵽˵ľˣ
ںؼǱߣҲûзϡ
Ϊΰ͸߸̫طۣط籨û̫Ĺϵ
һ򲻽ºؼ˶ԶгɼΣ
طݣӵܰЧȺؼ˳
οҶ桢ҶǰķӦȫ֧طģҲ͵ڱ֧ҡ
ΪҪǣطŶʮꡭ
ʮϽζʲô
ҹ֪֪طδĳɾͺ͸߶Ⱦڴˡ

ͬʱӨΪҳ־ʤΪһطûǵĻǰ˿
桢ⷼɫ临ӡ
֮ǰΪطûģûѡվԼŮߣ֧ط磬˵ѹίȰ˵ط뿪Ρΰү̵ͬʿһ뿪ˡ
־޴ķǾ޴ĳҲǸеھζ
С磬ȥ鷿İɣҲ
лҹط緢룬ȻŤͷաҶ桢Ҷ˵벿棬СҲһɣ
SLһǵģǾͲˡЦ˵
ã
ҹԣһЦȻ鷿
ط硢˸
УΪողǾ仰ƯһƬ糺죬ͬߵĻƻŮ
ڲǰط类ֹʱŭͬίСϱ
ܿģط骣ҹ鷿
طڶҹ鷿
һΣַȣּ˸ϳǣ鷿ҹһ̸ġĸ֣ҹ۷Ҷطۼߡ
骣ݺ衣
ҹطȻ˵
õģүү
骿ĵЦŵͷȻʼˮ衣
С磬㲻ǰûڱϲͨôû죬ҡһ䣬ΪϽˣҹٴοڣʳɻ
һʼϲЩȨߣѹʵʩͨȴ佫ǵǿҷԡ
طʵɽɱѧǿߡϢ֮ϲЩ佫ԴΪɣЩȨʩѹЩȨľ
û´Ļȡ֮ͨ󣬸Ͻίиϲ뻪ľսĹԽӣ£ɣ
ҹһ͸ֱӶе
Ҳɡ
طǫһЦ֮ǰѵΰʱֱˡ
үүط磬ˣҲǴպźȡ
ʱ骽ֱҹطǰ
£طԣ°ͣСƵģ˫ؿط磬гҸͽ
ΪطദеҸͬΪطʱȡõĳɾͶе
ˣүүǰڶ־ʤ˵Ϊͬ骺һĳ˿˳ۣ𣿡
ط˿ڲ裬Ȼʳеɻ
Ҳ˴լĵڶĿġ
㲻Ҫ־ʤ˺˵ûе顣
ҹԣɫһ䣬һ־ʤһ䣬Ȼ͵֮ǰܲĳλãʧˡȻڵϱǳսбֳɫ˲ٹͣЩĹҲòҵƾһ̰塣ϼ׳Ļ˵21ͣϢʱϢսΪδսĺġϴ֣ûƾֶһĨڣ޷ʤǸλ
˵ҹͣһ£ԥǲؽ׳Ȼ֪Ϊǰ㣬һհˣ½ԭ򣬹һ˽
طԣ΢΢üͷûпԸӡ
֮ҹǵڶط˵ֻˡ
ӡеؽˣ
Ҳ֪׳ϲ·ļһַӦӦû⼸СΪɣ
ۿطĬҹҲû˵ʲôаԼ

ྩؼҴԺ
ȫԼķ䣬һֲؽϲӵļһ飬ϳ𾪡
ǵġ
£ɡƽ¡ش񶼹֮Ϊ绰ѯΪûб֪ط缴ϲΪϽ飬ۿļǿط縺ķΧ֮Ȼòᡣ
㼸ӺȫŻָƽȻļӡļǰؽ鷿
ȻᳫӰ칫ؽһĴжԣʱ;ޣֻҪļ
һļɾѡҪĹ֮һ
׳һݺҪļҪһ¡
ȫ鷿ؽȻл㱨
ϡ
ؽļͷҲû̧˵
ǣ׳
ȫȻļؽİ칫ϡ
һУתȥ뿪鷿ʱг˺棺Ȼ׳ӦѴ֪Ϣļ֪Ǻζ
鷿ؽȫ뿪˲䣬ĵļһϲ·ǷݹطļȻؿš
ţţ۽Ǽͬ򷭵ζƿ




1826 
߸ڸ߶´һ⣬α˺棬Ҫͽ֪Ϊʲô;ıע⣬ҹµǰԴǸ
߸α˺ͱٰӷѱץ

磬ϢڽȦӴȻѸײڶ֮ƴ鳤ǣᡣ
ԭ߸źؼŮ⻷˽ǵĶ竣Ӱڳǡ
ܹôĺ䶯ҪΪ¡
׼ȷ˵ҪΪطˡ
ط۹ȥڣȻվڻ˿ڵӰ쵽
𶯵ͬʱһЩ競ԴȥеĻ鵽չٳĴнİ壬þ߸ץ鰸
ڸһĻֻ֪˽СȦ֣̽֪뾡һа취ܲ⡢
ݾȦӣȦӾ·񣬻͵ͬ
ֻм֪ԷӦѸ٣ûиؼҴкǰ£ľԭ
һȻӽεȱطϣѡΪطͷһ٣øչٳվ˽Ÿ
ڶҲҪһ㣬֪˸߸Ļլ顣
ͬģһЩǻȦ֮ˣҲ֪黹һ¡
ΪؼһȽǵĺΰˣԵΥߵ˽˻߸İӡ
ΪǴӵ쿪ʼΪ˵鴦ʱܳЩȨӵܣ׺ΰˡ
һͬʱǶĻ𾪣طҡһ䣬ӾͨϲӵϽһ죡
¼ԣȨȦӣطΪϽһ£۸ࡣ
ྩĳ˽˲¥
Ϊ½ﻪؾº󣬸ྩĹӸСһ£Ȼıһͬ˽˲¥Ȳ衢ġ
ﻪ磬˵طǻ쵰ôͻȻ֮ϽϢ֮һֱ벻ͨڶµģҲ̫ôˣ
ı˿ڲ裬һ޵˵
һֱϲط硣
ΪСʱط۸ÿμطΪ׵ȺԺӵܣȶӳߡ
ط类ؼ̫ү͵֮󣬵ȺԺӵ࣬ΪʧȥĹǣҲΪˣıط˵Թʼû
ΪǷԹԼýѩطһֹһιĶȰ˵ѩ뿪ط硣
Ȼ
طڲӵʱ򣬻ط뿪֮ıȰ˵ùѩʼնط粻벻
ȥ꣬طսСӣ¶ȫֱھ֮ྩ֪ı
ңطº󻹹ǰҴԺԨף٣Թԡ
һеһУıط練С޵˼㣬ȻԸطá
Ҳ֪Ļﻪ²豭ҡͷ
ﻪ磬طǻ쵰˼ҽĸܣΪǸŮˣֳôĶҽ϶ҽ룬طǸ쵰ǽǣûҽ׷֡ı
ܡ
ﻪЦһֱܻԼѩǷͺϲҲͼȥȡѡ˷
Ϊʲôı󲻽⡣
ıΪʲôط粻벻ﻪʡ
ԼӦһԭҾͲ֪ˡһֱطǻ쵰ûʲôõģ˭֪ҽһؾҪһ𡣡ıһƵػص
ΪԼҲطؼ簮ĺҲطھѧȡõһгɾ͡ﻪһǵ˵
ʲô
ıЩˣŮϲˣ˵ƸȨȨӵŵԣҲ벻Щ
˵Ѫԡ
ﻪ̾˿һŮ˵ĿĳࡢƸȨƣܴŮˣ˵˲ݻŮзߵ˵ǷѪԡ
ĳ˵ͶһģǹеϢ
ﻪ磬˵е£ͨ׵𣿡ıһ¡
˵ǵһŮ˱۸ʱ˻һʱվƴҲǡùŻ˵ǳһŭΪգִͨ׵Ļ˵ǣҶҵŮˣŪ㣡
ﻪɫӵ˵ţȻıһƶǶڣ֪˵ıڷ˼ԼһǳŮˣ˵Ůӡ
ֵġЩĶȱ
ͨļ֡ǻۡǣ̽ȡ˺ܴĳɾ͡
һŮˣܹȥֻΪǸˣŵ˶ȱѪԡ
Ѫԣطֵ쾡¡
ߣƱ㣡
ط⺰ĻĿΪ˱ߵˡ
ҲģŮˣѱ۸ʱͦǳͷ
۵˭۶ֶôǿֵûĹûųȫһұҪѳͷçƣµʱֲȱǻۡ
һЩһߡ־ʱǾȳ
ˣ˶޷ɱȵģҲΨһܹ߽޷ˡ
ҲطߵŮˡѶԸ׷ԸΪ߲嵶ԭ
ŵ˵ǸŮˣҲΪġ

ﻪĻı󾪵Ŀɿڴ
һ棬һֱطƫûطĵطÿζΪط촫˵еޣΪط˹ʺˣһֱˡ
죬ﻪطۣ߸ط֪
һ棬Ҳû뵽ﻪȻ˽ط磡
ﻪ磬ôô˽𾪹ıʳеɻ
ϣǿһĵˡ
ﻪ˵ͣһ£Ц˵ǰط統ҵУ
أıʶʡ
档
ﻪһ£³֡
ıľ
ʱ޷⣬ط絽׺εºܣûĴһ¿õҹӸ磬ķڷ̸طʱ֮أ
õĽطپۣı֪ﻪĸֺ۽ǺεȵľˣԼǺεȵɣ




1827 ӺͰ
ҹŵʱ򣬽ػϵƻֵַͨǷ
տػϵһտ治װ޵Ҳȴտ֮һԭж
һòϰԿ⣬һҼ۸񹫵Ϊ˺
ڶһŮʮɣִŨŮ뽭ŮԵ𣬶ҼĳλϱŮˡ
ζĿ⣬ʵݵļ۸۵Ů
㣬κһտҶԸײ㶼Ȧӡ
Ǻܶ竾ӲòͣΣҪ뿴ӵŮ롮ԡӵŮ
һΣĳ竺ȶˣռŮıˣһʵĴӣŵӽŮֱԾ棬ŮŪ
֮ǵײС죬竣ûٸռŮıˣΪӵľ棬ΪȦǼ֮˽Ĭشһ£ȥռŮıˣȻ˶ȥ˭ܳԵ
ңǻ˶ľ֣עߴһڡ˭ӵŮԳԵˣһܵõһڵĶע
ǽ׷ͳԵӵŮһֵϷΪֹû˳ɹ
ҲôӲһ¥عӸ磬֪ˣ˲ֹһΡ
ҹĵ죬ʹӶϵ˽ӵʱȥӲŶӡӲûԤҪŶӡ
ôȥŶӣǵ˶࣬ŲλãҲˡӵŮĩڵæ
ŵʱ򣬴Ӳģ⻹ųӣΣа֮
˵𣿸߸ˣ
ϢѾˣô֪ܲ
ȸ߸ץ߶ԣҸȻ¹Գ⣬ֱ󣡡
˵µʲô֮ǰͨţôͻȻ֮ôţˣ
紫Ͷط磬Һܶ˲²⣬λصôţΪط
ط粻Ѿ𣿶֮ǰҲͨô²ȸ߸
ꡭ

տ竹Ӹ磬һߣȾƣһŽ𾪽飬˵ȴΪѻȸ
ΪͻȻط硢骡͡Ҷǰһò͡
֣Ǹ֮ǰ̸طĹӸ磬ˣСȶӶڶ£㶼·ˡ
Ȼ֪طլ飬綼طڱ³Ҳ˵طţ¼֪طǺεȵġ¡
ط˼竵ۣδ⡣
£ʱط˸绰ȷɽˡ
ò˵һŮˣ֪طѵÿɵڻĴأƱкܶҪܶҪ죬ΪԼȥӰط硣
ʵȷͬжϵط绹ɽ
ΪȻͳ¾ϸ۲μӻ콫صҪȥ˼档
طһҶҲǼ竵ۣطûбʾװ֪顣
骺ûͳԵͣЦ˵ҵĿó԰ɣҸ˵ҿӾŶˣ
Уӣǲ˼ҴŮӡ
Ҷӵ˵ҲаӵŮɡ
Ҷؼǵã˵ŮʱǷŹġ
ǳ
ͽ˿ҳϣϲӵŮҲǲӣõķġ
ǻôҶһġ
š
ˣΪҷڿŮʱĿͺĶ
֪ߣɩҲ
ԣʱˣɩǸһ
á
Ȼɩƺ骵һ죬Щߵغȴһ
طѵһκɩƺ
ãǵͰ
󣬾͵֮󣬴ӵŮĸǰ΢Ц˵
ϡ
͵һʱ俪ڵлڵؽӹ˴ŮĲ̡
лл
Ů΢ЦлЦݺûκٵĳɷ֣˫ƯĴ۾ҲǼΪ峺
۾Ĵ
طͨϸڹ۲죬Կ϶ӵŮһǳɾŮ
Ůӣڵʮټ
ͣ۹ⲻŮȷʵȴӵŮ뿪֮طЦ˵
Ǳ밡
ͷ˵ƳһæµĴŮ˲йƤ򣬡ϧ֪βҵŮѡ
ӣҪҰ㣿
Ц˵֪һֱ·Ը⵱Ů˵ĿԴӽŵǳǮȥģһݳƷ
ʶ˯һŮ˺ףһŮ˰ȴѡ


1828 طʿ
ɩôңǰһæʵ
ҰҪ΢ţô˼׷֣Լ¡˵
ɩֱҵĴˣپһ
ϲüңæƱ骾ơ
һ¶ǣӣ˺ҧҵݸһֱӵݸط硣
ٶͺҶ͵Цطһͷߡ
ȾǿߵʵҪӲ
ӽʱط˲Žòͣĸ˺˰ơƣûôӵŮеǾȡ
㣬û°ɣ
֮࣬ӵŮ뿪ʱһҡΣû˲ǰĵʵ
ãû£ֿóԡЦ˵
ллӵŮǫһЦ
ãҿԼ΢𣿡ͻȻʵ
ţ
ӵŮһ
в¶ʮ΢ţܾˣǵһҪ΢ŵŮˡ
ǰǸҪİɣ
ڴŮЩ֪ʱ򣬴ͻȻʵ

һ㶣û뵽ӾȻⶼˡ
ҪŮ΢ţԼҪŮĻҪһͻȻˡ

Ȼ⻰骺ʹӵŮԶط硢ͺҶסˡ
֣ǣ
ӵŮɴ峺Ĵ۾һ𾪡
Ӳ
ӺӣЦ˵
ৡ
ͬʱط硢Ҷ骺ʹӵŮͳͳĿͶ͡
ͨ죬֪Ǻ̫ƣ̫
Ȼ
ȴûϵڱĻᣬǰӵŮҪ΢ţ죬ɵЦŶԴӵ壬ллҹ졣
ɩ߰ɡ
£ֶ֣ȻضԴӵŮȣټ
ټ
ӵŮЩµػӻ֣Ȼ骵
ԲۣӣǰԻңôģ
طȥ·ߵȳҶһ§ס͵ļ
й¶һء
ͣڶ氡һ취㡣ŭĿ͡
ɩΪ˱ʾĸлҸҪӡͺٺЦ
ৣ
骵˲ҪѪطֱӽ
ɱ
͹ֽΧƵƵĿ
طЦãֻýͷ
ӡɩӣҵ˴ӵŮһѧ῾⼼ʱǳԡ
ͻȻһ㽵˵
á
طЦŵͷ֪˰飬ҿӵŮȺܲ
ְ֣Ǹô󣬾ȻֿԽǸ
ͬʱտſڣӵŮȿһĻȵõɴ۾Ȼ뵽ղŵ飬̲סʵˣְ֣ΪʲôҪҰ΢ŸǸأ
ȣò͵ĿǮģԼǮж뷨УΨһһĿûġңкüΣ㲻ڵʱҴ֣죬㡣
Ŀط͵ıӰһǷϲһŮˣ˿ڿŮʱĿ֮⣬ҪǷԸԼҪݣʱǽǮȴԸʱ˷ҲĿģѵá
֮⣬Ҳһ֮ˡ˵ֵܣǸˣɽһɽׯΪ˽ȥֵܷ㣬һ·ֱͨɽׯ
֮ǰ˵һӣֵý

ӵŮȣһ¡
͵飬޷˵֪ⷬԼİְ֣Ϊ˺ĸ׽飬˼ļ̳Ȩ

Ͳ֪˵һУط硢骺ҶҲ֪һС
Ϊ֪ȾƵԵʣͲûп˴εר
ͺҶǰǼҴоʵľƵꡪҶҶһͬ˷ɻྩ
Сʱط骻صƵꡣ
骣ϴɡ
ط罫׹¼˵
㲻һϴ𣿡
˿糺ⰻȻǳӡ
һϴʲôϵطЦá
ӱԡ׵һ
һ˵ֱͦӣɽζȾˡ
׳˵
һطֵս
Ϊ˸жɩӣ˰顣
Ҫطġʿ




1829 ռŮ
峿컹ûط׼ʱˡ
һƬڣطֻ˲һӱӦ˺ڰĹߡ
ؿ骹˯ԼԱߣԴԼĸ첲ֱ§ԼĲӣһĴȲֵѹԼСϣ˼Լϣһֻצ㣬һֻ˯è䣬дҸ
骴սغϣһι㡣
˿̣ߵ㣬˯˻һСʱ
Ȼ
ˣѵ骵Ľ£ʱ˷Ӧ
ӵпȾǿ߰սǿѪʢǷȻҲǼǿ
骵ս֮㺹û˯ˡ
ܺõؿסڵǹȼյĻҲûг鿪첲ȥ䣬Ǻڴϡ
һУֻΪ֪ǰ񣬹ȻкȾƵԵʣҪΪ̫ʱûкԼһˣҼϧǰ´档
Ϊˣط骿۵ĵһʱ俴Լů
ŵӵʱ骲
㡭û䣿
֮󣬷طԼߣ΢ЦſԼһѿʵ
͵طЦЦ
ͷһʶط硣
һǣͬѵˮȴ骺۾
Ů˵ĸжڲ䣬˿̵骱ˡ
طƺܼ򵥵ůľٶĵط
ȥɣȻҿضԷ
ط΢Ц骵Դ극Ҫȥһ԰ȥݷ塣
á
骵ͷ֪طҪȻ¾˼ۣû˿
෴ط⼸ܹһֱѾˡ

ʮʱط骻ص˶˶緹
緹ط͵԰ſڣȥ
ͬطһ԰ݷʱһ԰ſսʿվڣѲǰǸսʿˣһס
վڵսʿط֮һȻһؾã
áطǻȻֱۣЩ֪ң
ǻľ˵ĽȻ֪һרѹйϢ
СսʿصͷӦط磬ȻУ˵ڲҵֱȥ
õġ
ط΢΢һЦȻ߽԰
ſڵսʿ˼Ѫһ޲̻صóֻԼĵ֣Լղż˴˵е
ͬվڵСսʿ˵԰ȷʵڲط硣
֮⣬Ҳڡ
塢̡
ط粽ңһʱġٷʺá
С磬ˣѾСʱˣ趼˺üݡЦ˵
㻹С׼緹ء
̨̲Ȼ»ɣն
Ǻǣգ԰Сѵûһˣ͸ʹˣߵ
Լ
ǵ͵޹ϣԼҷ˱ʱˡ
ƾʲôСѵûһˣȻҪݲ衣
˵ţطС磬ģȥݲ衣
õģ̡
طЦŻӦůĸо
һֱġٷ򸾣ԼһԴÿ԰һֻؼҵĸо
С磬˵飬ʵһѣ˲𡣡
һЦسطĴָǸоͷ·𿴵Լӳɲһˡ
ʵϣطȡõ³ɾͶԣĸ˵طƽҽɵڻĴء
壬ҡ
طǰֵúǫѷ
λʲô㣿ʵ
׼ڶ죬ȻǰϻȥҰꡣط˵ڵĴ㡣
Ӧúùꡣĵͷ
֪ȥʱطΪͷͷͨͷڴǰ뿪ģطĸĸѩ㶼ߵ顣
һУ̶ܴΪؽ
޷ط統ʱΰǶκڰ£ߵһ󣬵ʱط磬һʹ
ݺò裬Աطһ졣
˵죬ʵط˵ġٷطȥʱľ
Ȼط罫˵赭дġٷ򸾶ľ
֣裬һˡ
Сʱ󣬵׼ٴȥʱ䣬˲ſڣǳġٷʺãȻطתϲ磬ô˰
š
ط΢ЦŵͷȻԼϴμҪ˲١
ȥһͷƮݵĳһͷȥӵ֪ԣŴҲ˼ഺۣ˼ֳϢ
طӡУǸСӣˮīۣźɫСƤЬСŮγ˽Ȼķ
ռŮѳɡ
ط粻֪ǣһǰڲμϸ۾ٰȫ̳ϣһ۳ȫƬϸۡһЩ֪ýϳ֣ΪжϢŮ
ȻСûһ𣿡
طΪı仯΢΢ͬʱĿʵ
֣ȻСȥŶˣһ
˵ţȴȻͳ¾˶ȥʰȥˡ
ΪѾܾúܾûмطˣޱϧطط꣬뽫Լõһչָط硣
Լֺγˣ
£Ī̾˿Ȼ뵽ʲôֽĿתصطϣˣ磬⻪ѧЭ᳤޺Ů֪Ҫضصظһ㡪ȥƵˣһ͹

طԣһȻԺֳ︡ȫѧǸŮģгɻ
Լʲô




1830 ط
磬ѵ㲻ʶ
طһãȻЩ档
ϸ۲μȫ̳ļʱʹӴ˺ܶΡ
ؼǵãÿᵽطʱǶôļ˷ܣȫطСá
֪û档
طЦһͬμȫѧᣬʱ滹ûгͨλġ
磬󡣡
طĻشЦ޵ȴЩʲôԼ֪
ͬʱ
WƵ꣬Ѿס
еĻк⻪ѧЭһӡ
ջʷѧʦԪ׵ĺĸ֣ԢΪԽѧкͷ
Ѿ书˰۷壬뻯ʦֻһ֮ңϺ⻪ѧЭ
˴Σμӻǰմ޺Ķȫ
ס֮󣬴ص䣬ϴ˸裬Ȼĵػױһ׺
һ֮ķ䣬żɽʵ壬һȥԷ𣿡
ȥ̫ʣȥɡ
ҡҡͷһͬǰ԰
һ棬ղ˵Լȥ̫ʡ
һ棬Ȼ⻪ѧЭ̫̫ƽţ߾ԲǱ붫Դ֡
ϾʱģϢûκ©Ҷǻ֯صصĳ֮һ߸Ұ
ˣСô
£￴ŴĴģЩɻ
ΪѧҵԵʣС䣬עش磬첻İĺһױˡ
ΪطҲڰ
ʶؿڻӦ˵һ룬ʶ˲Ծæס죬Ȼؿɫˡ
СȻΪ˼
һŭؿŴȵѵ֪Ǻ⻪ѧЭһʱΪط磬˶֮ԸģҲΪ飡
壬֪
ͷСش𣬲ȥ۾
Ϊ֪ڹȥ⻪ѧЭѧ⵽żҲ߶ص߸ˣҪ˳ȥ⻪ѧЭܲ߹ݡ
޺Բμȫ̳ʶɻﱣ
һУֻΪط硣
ѧطɱսλˣսоĺϽ֫鼫ŭ
ǵ֪طΪûбϲӳͷߵķŭﵽһµĵزʶԴΪɸż۸ߣҪ߸ϳ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪûǴȥЭĳԱô룿үүȥ鷳
壬ʵҲܹط硣
ҧҧ촽ӭϻ𱸵Ŀ⣬ȣսļΥֲĹ涨ִʱط練һطɱǾȡ
ΣȻϲûгͷط磬֤֯Ϊûд
Ҫֻܹ̫
Сϸ˵˵ĶûʵǣطΪɶǺ⻪߳֡һԴҪˣҪһжط𣬶Ǹ
񣬰үүڵ⻪ѧЭᶼΪ鷢ڸ鷳
壬ˣ㻹ȥһɣֻҪҺ㶼˵û֪
ðɡ
гһ£ͬ˴ȻԥһµȻȥ˳㽫ܸܲսһǵ鷳
壬˲ܰڸҳ֣ս˿϶᲻ϧһдɱЩ

̾˿û˵ʲô
Ϊ֪˵ʵ
Ȼطȫѧһһˣҷ˼ؽ书˿Ⱦǿ߰ĵز޷ӵ벽ǿߺǿߵս

ս
һߣսƶķ
սá
߽뷿䣬һʱϹʺá
ʮǰѳ⻪ѧЭᣬսʱСΪ˾ǿİʵܿ졣
һɫ۵ıӦűϢ˵
һжҪлսࡣ
һм
Ǻ⻪ѧЭĵһţȫѧѧдУܸ˵ʱĻѧһšҶ
һսһͿأֱӵ̳
ʱ޷Ƿݾ޴ҶѧдʱͻȻ͵ϮҶɱһδԸԳҶһ
ǼΪһ컪ѧ䶯飬⻪ѧЭѧǸͬʱҪԱദ
⻪ѧЭĴŻع֮󣬱Ϊ˱ⱻ˺⻪ѧЭᣬս
ڹȥʮʱżִ֮⣬һֱڱչ
սΪṩ˸Դע˸ֻѪҺɶǿѪҺĻҩʵͻͽ
ʦӦøµˡٷϻʼ⡣
ǵģս񡣡
ͷ
֮ǰս⸺ټ´һƿغ⻪ѧЭᣡ
֮⣬֪Ϊ˸ƿغ⻪ѧЭ̵桢ѧһֱżʹѹߡ
飬ǽļƻشֻɹʧܣٴָʾӹɡ
ǣս񣡡
ٴιüĿ֮һĨ˷ܡ
Ȼ֪սռƻʲôԣ˴񣬿ص⻪ѧЭᣬü




1831 Ů
ӵʱȻͳ¾һͬһ8յͺգ԰

Ȼͳ¾˵ıڣ˳ȥű
ңѾܾûطˣ˻طһ档
Сҽױôÿ𣿻У·ĺ𣿡
ʻ԰֮Ȼس¾ʵǸоҪȥԼһ㡣
ʵϣȷǰط确Լᡯı׼Լġ
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ʵϣȷʵ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊ֪Ѿٽֱˣǽ˼;Ӫۼ棬ÿ춼͹˾߹ܡԼܲŵ쵼򽻵
һΣϸ۾ٰĻ̳ϣҵҴݽͬΪ̽һ֮㡣
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طЦŸ˸Ȼ˵
̹٣ҵıְࡣҡҡͷ
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磬㲻ҪűǡǸûԶ¾΢ЦŻޡ
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طЦЦҪ˽ţȴһźŮǰ

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ſվڵսʿѾӵȷϴݺֱӷˡ
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һΣط翪ڣȻЦŴȤ
Ϊ¾򡢰Ҳó罻ԵʣȻϸڼ̸࣬ҲԸϤһЩ

ŷӦһȻЩ˼Բ𰡣Ȼ㡢¾㣬Ҽط̫ˡ
ûϵǸղҲܼ
ȻЦŻһ䣬Ȼط翪̣壬ֱ˼˰̥
ǣȻ㣬ǳط硣
С䣬˼δȻĵ٩ºһ䣬ȻΪ֤ԼûѣֲңǺ⻪ѧЭܶ˶ط統żءţѧ߸ˣ
ˡ
طǫЦЦȻʵˣ𣿡
ûûʲô£һط磬ǲ̫ͻˣ
ʵôֲʶҡҡͷȻ󲻸ȥط۾
Ȼ֮ǰط˵⻪ѧ鷳طûʲô취⣬ûпڡ
ΪͬھƵ˵ΪطûκΡ
֮⣬طա
սǽط統жд̣Ҫϧһд۲
طȥ뻢ڣ




1832 
ɼ˽֡
⻪ѧЭܲΪ᳤Ĵ޺ͰԶڵ᳤ٿ飬оνǰ⡣
޻᳤ԽԽˣȥǶûȥˡ
ǰ޻᳤ǱıĿǰ״
޻᳤ټǿᣬ뵽İ취𣿡
һʼԶ⣬᳤׷׿ڣд˵ǣһ˿ССڴ
ǼȵǺ⻪ѧЭĿǰĴҲڴ޺ܹ⡣
ټҿᣬ뼯˼棬һֽİ취ʲô뷨߽飿޺˵
޺Ļش𣬸ղſڵ᳤ϵڴ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬Ũˡ
޻᳤طҽϵѧЭͻ֯Ǹط⡣ʱԶ˵ԼĽ顣
С
޺ܸɴҡͷԶĽ飬˵ɣ˶֪սط֮ǣط
޻᳤廹ϵˣ㲻ͬѵнİ취Զüʵ
Ҹ˵뷨ǣԽǵ߻ѧЭᣬȻûѧЭսͨЭӶ⡣޺˵Լ뷨
޻᳤ûõġ
ǰȻǺ⻪ѧЭᣬչ鶼ˣߣսѧѧ֮ǰǸɹһ̵ģ
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Զһοˣķչ㽫ҪΣ˻᳤һְ
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ȻԶ仰᳤һЩؿԶ
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׼ȷ˵֮ǰѾҹˣԾʵֱ֧Ȩλ
ʵϣԶԴ޺Թ±ȣҲ
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𾪹󣬴޺ֱӴλվŭĿű
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ٴĻ޿ֵı飬޺᳤ٴһ
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·Ϊӡ֤޺˵Ĳ²ƵģЦһһһó᳤λãҡڶҰΪֹ
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޺ûһŭһֱһԾԾңȻȻһǰڣ˲ӽұȭգһȭ򱴻
Ϊ⻪ѧЭĻ᳤޺Ǿǿߣٶȿ磬Ծȭֻ˲Ϣ֮䡣
Դ޺ŭſڣ㲻ϼЦֱӻȭӭ
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ۡ
ͬʱ޺һſһѪ˵ɶֱӽĻײ÷顣
һȭܵصˣ;

һĻ᳤ɵˡ
ζû뵽ʵȻﵽֲĵز
ǣԶЩ𾪡
֮ǰŵʱԶֻǸܵ˱ǹɿֲϢδ֡
ԶƾϢжϳǿû뵽Ȼһȭش޺
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Ŵ޺Ĳ״Զϵ𾪣üЦһȻ᳤ң֧ҵ᳤⻪ѧЭ⣡
㡭Ҫôһ᳤ʶʵ
ֻҪЧսⶼӭж⡣Ц
ѡͽڣ
شĴ޺Ļŭģ˻һǣƣѪ
򸰴޺ĺ󳾣Ƕѡһ
鸩һɨ˴޺һۣȻֽĿͶ᳤
ͬⱴ᳤Զ̬
ҡҲͬ⡣
Զһ᳤̬Ҳű̬ˡ
²òͷ
ȻǲΪսӥצҲ볼ǰƣݲǷֻʱЭ취
ǻᱻϵɱ
㡭ǡ
޺òȥȻǿ֧ӣȾѪҧгݵؿűٵͽѧ粻Źģ
ǡûѧŻҡѧкǿ󣬵ǵ˸𣿡
ǲмһЦȻ뵽飬ɱҵڴѧǰǸطСҶǸȻˣΪ˷ˣطǸСҲǱ˵ĳ𣡡
ѡͽұ֤ط㣬һˣ
޺ŭ£޲طѧǿ̳ٵıһ




1833 جĻ
ҹ԰ƻ̸ͨЦϴӲϢ
԰Ѿܾûôˡ
Դط뿪֮󣬳¾ĸ׳·סһȻסԼĹԢסڶУ¥ǻ԰Ĵ٣԰ֻġٷ򸾣ÿ춼Եú塣
ΪѵõžۣٴչգʮˣĵûиƺȾƵ
ʵϣط˳ԲˡȾƶ࣬ʱΧط졣
ط罫ġٷ򸾽飬ظظȻ¾˽һ顣
Ȼͳ¾԰ط潻̸֮󣬱뿪ˡ
ġٷ˵ͬȻ¾ʹط署Լȥһʱ侭ʱʱʱᷢ̾
֮⣬ΪطСãط¼Ǻģֻǲ˽ϸڡ
Ϊˣÿط署һξв䣬˵¼ȫѧ˶ôĺ䶯塣
Ȼ˶طǿ˸һʶ
УȻͳ¾˵ͬ򷭵ζƿȸˣѹ
ˣΪطѧʵԽԽǿˣΣսԽԽ٣ôĻ˵ܹѧطѾˡ
ѹΪΪ뵱طƿŬԼطĲƺԽԽ󣬶Ҽûܰﵽطĵط
ǲĪĴܸС
ǲͬʼն͵̬ȡ
ط磬ܹһԷ㽲Ĵ£ҽĵ飬Ҿһףյۣ֮
ط署֮󣬴һƣط羴ơ
СϰһŮŮϸ˼ȴкӣΪˬҾܺá
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һڶ绰˵һ䣬Ȼֻ߳
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Сүүˡ
˴ĻأղŽӵɼǱߵĵ绰֪˴޺شһ¡
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Сʱǰ᳤᳤֯ٿ飬ֽķͽ֡Լ˵
壬үүôûΣգ
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᳤ûΣգܷסһ书˵Ϊһֱֻˣ;в̶ͬȵˡ
ｫԼ֪תȻ˵绰ĿģСҪϻȥɼѾ賿ĻƱڻؾƵɡ
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֪ԼүүʧȥһֱۣҿܴӾǿ߱ɷˣӷᣬˮۿתǿˮû£ǷɿػӦ

£Ҷϵ绰Ȼһת׼صط˴кȻ̸ϻؾƵꡣ
Ȼ
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֪޺Ѿ书˾ǿߣͬҲǺ⻪ѧЭʵǿ֮ˣ˴޺˲ࡣ
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ط΢΢һ֪ˡ
ʲôʱ£Уүү֣Ϊô
طԥһ£ٴοʵ
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Ϊˣ˽Ȼһʱ佫Ϣ㱨֯
Сʱǰүү᳤һ𿪻ᣬо߱ѧżѹ⣬ͻȻ֣书үүǿүү᳤ӶȨλƶ溣⻪ѧЭᣬսӥȮ
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طɫһ䣬üĿ֮ӿֳһĨŭɱ⣬Ȼʵˣ˵ѧżѹߣô£
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һ£ҡҡͷ
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Ϊģɻѧ罾Ӣ۵ط磬֪֮󣬻ðΣǰ¡
ģھϵ֯ˣ飬ȻΪүүͺ⻪ѧЭֻع
ط˵ûпĻĻԡ
ط磬ѧҪǰĻ㲻Ҫȥ𣿡
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Ϊʲô
طʶʡ
Ϊսһֱɱ㣬ȥΣա
ӦȻط˫ۣСϣ£뿴֮ۡ




1834 ӧ
ţ
ȻĻط΢΢һ
Լô⻰ЩԾֲ֪
ط磬賿ҪϷɻɼͲ˵ˡȥ塢̺ȻǴкˡ
ҲʶԼղ鲻Խ˵Ļ⣬ط翪ڻشٴ˵
õġ
طͷû˵ʲô
󣬴طͬ»صĵ˴кȻֱ뿪
طԽͳ԰ΪԼһεר
ȥүү⻪ѧЭڻѧһӡ飬ѧ粻ӲܵģƱػΪͺ⻪ѧЭֻع
ϳ֮ط綣ôҲǸġ
õģط硣
ͷȻط
ʻ͸ӾطӰԶȥˮģߡ
ֱ֮ڲǿˣˮ䡣

طĿŴ˵ĵεר뿪֮»ص԰ûзزԺﲦͨյĵ绰
ιС磬ڿᡣûҪ飬Ժص绰
绰ܿͨȿڡ
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ҽʹ޺ʦŮһԷմ֪ġط˵
ԭˡҸΡκ᳤Ҳ˵顣ɣС磬һص磬ðѻ˵һ¡
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С磬ǸǺ⻪ѧЭͽһսˡ
յдŷŭˣ˵ʦЩԨԴ꣬ȫѧϱдʦȻ䲻𣬶ʦ͵Ϯһʦ͵ϮͬʱҲͣ˱д衣
⻪ѧЭΪѧеǸұ֤ȥϳͱ
ΪӱܳͷӺ⻪ѧЭӣս
壬ȻˣǴ˶Իѧеģ书ڴ޺֮ϣ᳤ֻǰȥĻΣաطѵ
һ㣬Ҳǵˣܸӣǣսѧ磬㲻ûѧĴսڰڳﱸսսʱᱬξ᳤ȥǰڣѧ絽ʲô˼ٸʵƶ̾˿͡
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ΪսһԱı˻ᣬش޺ƶ溣⻪ѧЭΪսʵҲǱһ
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У
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ղţǹǷҪطʵ飬ǵط顣
С磬ɱսˣѧӰ컹ҪǼٲһս֮ϡңǼٲһսҲйءսζ㣡ٴοڣ˵ͬطǰԭ
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ٴȰղţ֮ǰλصضңһҪȰ˵ֹ¡
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ҲСǸݲǼٲһսսͬǸݺ֮ǡٴξܾ
壬ȻսҲɵһݣǸݣĿǰǻ֯ĸΣұ˺Ҷʦֵɽսȥ޴壬ս붯֣Ҳɳ벽ǿߡҸ᳤һȥĻͲôΣˡط˵Լɡ
һΣճĬˡ
ΪǸط˵Ҳ
ǼٲһսҶչֳĿֲսȫѧ硣
ͬʱһսҲȫѧ綼ص˸еͼɵ
壬¼˵ҶҲܵͷڹꡣ
Ӹ˶Թ˵Ǹѧдʦ֮󣬶ʦ͵Ϯ֣ҵΪʦ
ۿղ˵طֱӱ̬ȣնӴֳǸԼٵ飬սҲͰˣȻش޺ʦ⻪ѧЭսӥצʵڸ
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ܹܵط֮еķŭҲܸܵطǷݼûӦ
õģ壬ҵš
ط絹Ҳ֪鲻ܹġ
֮⣬Ҳף֮ǰΪʲôôĻԾˡ
Ůƭ
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1835 
ش޺ȡ޺Ϊ⻪ѧЭһλ᳤
Ǻ⻪ѧЭһԱʮǰΪѳͷӺ⻪ѧЭᣬ˴ǿƹǸҲǴȨλ
ݿɿϢӺ⻪ѧЭս˾սָʹ
սƿغ⻪ѧЭᣬǶԻѧıʾô
ѧӦԣ

̶һʱ䣬㴫ȫѧ硣
ԭǴ޺ǱȫѧӰޣǣսͻѧ磬ʶ˾޴𶯺顣
ɼҽԺһ˴˽ҽԺ˾˺Ӫ֮⣬ҽҽϽоɼҽѧ綼вСӰ
޺ش֮󣬱͵ҽԺ˽֫
ҽԺһVIP
үүү
벡ų嵽ߡ
޺ڲϣɫ԰ףĿնǱ˾Ƶġ
죬ϵһֻ֣ڶദѣһ书סˡ
ңֻһУ
һУֻΪ޺ֻͨľǿߣǾǿеİ
ңʱڳֵʱսڵǿɱУ޺ʱŭ֣δǿɱСߵʵֱӱӱŴˣһ
ƶԣ⻪ѧЭΪսӥצʹģֻԼ˻ѧˣ
Сޡ
Ļ޺Ų԰׵ϲųһ˿ĿҲָһ˿ʣŤͷ˲ǰ۰Ů˻Ƶؿڡ
ء
޺һڣ޵øˡ
Ϊղڽ벡֮ǰѾӸĸ֪үүľ
СȥĲμӻоô
޺û˵֣ḧŴԴʵ
ͦͦõģҸе˼ҵϢĨ˰ش
ǰǵļҰǵĸ
޺ԣһ󴥶ٴοڣڻشڸ̾
£ݺᡣ
Ҷ
⼮˵ִ
Ȼ
µûٻصƬˡ
үүүڻļطˡ
˵ţԺֳ︡طӰҲȶһЩ
ط磿
޺֣ӱлع񣬱Щ졣
֮ûκϵ֪ǰط顣
š
˵ͷȻ˵үүط֪飬˵ѧһͺ⻪ѧЭһ
޺ԣӾһЩ΢΢ſ˵ʲôյһҲû˵̡
»һҡ
ѧ罫⻪ߵһˡ

ͬʱ
ɼ˽֣⻪ѧЭܲ
ѾΪ˱칫סĵط
죬ش޺֮ԶټЭ£ʱٿһ»飬ѡΪ᳤᳤ˣԶˡ
һĺ⻪ѧЭᣬʵڱĻƶ棬Զǰ̨ơ
ԶΪ˱ĿܣսĿܣ⻪ѧЭսӥצ
᳤ղŽӵ֪ͨѧЭ᳤ʢԴɼ
Զķ䣬򱴻㱨µõϢ
ʢ
ԣüͷ
ֲİ෴ӡ̡
꣬ҶһսʢεĲС
ʱѧдҶвʣʢѧд֮͵ϮҶҶһҪڶʱ򣬱ʢˡ
һֱãʱʢԳȴһشɱҶ
ǵģ᳤ʢԴӡ⣬еĻ
ԶͷȻᵽֵʱԵı仯̺ź⡣
һȫѧᣬԶҪԼĵΪ⻪ѧһڴѧддͷ޺Ϊ˳Ҷ
֮⣬˫˳ͻڡԶֻܽʣԶʼչڻ
Ǹѧͻѧսô
ٴԶĻͫ΢΢
ǵģ᳤Զͷ
١СȻǳıӵô
ЦһȻһ£֪ˣȥɡ
õģ᳤Զ˳䡣
ǵһʱóֻͨս벽ǿ֮һĵ绰
սͬʱսֵĸˡ
ãʦҪϢҪ㱨
绰ͨ˵
һ̣˻ĹŴ͢ūżӣϸʮ˻ʾ
˵
ҸղŽӵ㱨ѧ硭
ղŴԶõϢ㱨Ȼʾʦҽô
һѧȷ⻪ѧЭսЭڲ񣬻ѧЭͻѧȨԤ
ָʾ֮гɱڶʢ˴С
ʦ֪ǸѧͻѧĴսսɨأΪʲôֱӻɱ
һ£ʳеʡ
ļƻҪɱѧˣ
ҵָʾȥδͣӹɡ
ǣʦ
ȻȵҶϵ绰ŷֻ
ʢϹԭʦȻҪĹ
ߵǰַǷ˽֣һС˵־Ц
һ̣ٲȻԼĹ

ͬʱྩʻ
طʢһˣ˷ɼĿͻ
طǰɼ
һΣΪ˸ѩǰɼ˷֣ɱԣѪϴɽׯڽ£ȫ;ǹһ뿪
ڶΣΪӪ£ǰɼƾһ֮ɨ۷ǿߣ֮֮֮ͨʣȳ£ͬʱҲ˻ѧѧǼٲĴս硣
һΣֵΣ




1836 Ÿ
ʮСʱķ֮طʢһĿͻ׼ʱɼ䡣
᳤⻪ѧЭڻڵǡ
ط˷ɻһʢл㱨
ǻѧЭ
ǰһߡ
ʵϣΪѧЭҪְЭͷߣûмְܵܣʶ١
֯෴ҪְǼܾߣҼ縺ŰػĵΣʶʽԱһɫߣΧϰԱҲߣǸ񶷹׶ع
á
ʢͷɫΪ
Դ֪ɼ֮ͺ⣬бһŻ
Ϊʹ޺˽ϵܺãԻѧЭᣬѧ˵һ裡
ԭļƻִɼ֮ȥ޺ģط罨ȥ⻪ѧЭܲ鴦ˣܸ޺һ
ʢΪطĽֱӲˡ
Ƭ̺طһڣȻ˺⻪ѧЭˡŵڴŵӣվڳڵȺ򣬵ûоӡ
ڿطˣͫ׶ȻüĿ֮ź⡣
׼ȷ˵طһݡ
ԶԣжطԹ޸
Ժŵ˵ʵãȥط䣬һسˡ
ĿⲻƵضط翴ͬʱطҲˣҲĿеĺ⡣
֣ǰè塣
ڣ𣿡
طɵͬʱ첽ߵǰʵ
ΪѧЭԺ⻪ѧЭϤΪṤԱμȫѧᣬڡ
ĸУʸң
Ƴһۣ˵
㡭ʲô˼
ɫһ䣬ֲ⡣
Ȼ
һΣȫֱջĿ⣬ӭʢطˡ
᳤ԭǻ᳤ǣǻ᳤ʱıˣûȤǣذɡվʢĶ棬Ц˵
ৣ
ڵĻԱʢɫˡ
ǻ᳤ʲô˼ʢǿŭ𣬳ʵ
᳤˵˼ܴģ֪ΪԱŸǺǡ
ֵ˵˵Цݡ
ڣעʹǣ᳤ǻѧЭĻ᳤Ҳѧǰѵʦûн̹Ҫʦ𣿡
ڵĻǼЦݣеŭѹסˣºȵ
վӣʲôʲôʸָֻţת䣬Ŀɭɨ
ڣϴλѧû㳤ԡ
ۿڿòһط翪ˣҪʦ̽ʦ
㡭
طĻڶʱһֱ˰̵ĸоջѣطĮĿ⣬ʶؽߵĻ˻ȥ
ΪǸǰǸһɱɼһĺɨ۷ǿߣѧ뻪ѧս꣬Բڿǻ˵ٸţƺ壬Իᱻ
᳤ҽˣټ
գƾǣǿеŭ𣬽ĿطŲٴζʢ˵һ䡣
£ŵ뿪ˣ̼ΪѸǸо·һ㣬ط֡
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ȥıӰûڶ¡
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᳤ô죿ȥ⻪ѧЭܲ𣿡ʵ
᳤ҽҼҾƵ꣬ȥС
ʢشط翪ڽ
á
ʢԣһͬطĽ顣
Ϊط֮ȻָʾϷˣԼһˣô̸ûϷˣпҪ
һ˸ȥûκ壬Ϊطʢ˵İ
Ȼû͸еԵɣʢͬط飬᳤ΣǵƵǷϢ
á
طʢͬӦٷϻֱ뿪Ȼſһʿǰ˽֡
ڴ˹Уط磬ʢ˲ûԶڰмǡ
Ǹٵͽǰ󰡡
ʿǰУʢں˳٣һ˪
ܹٵ˵Ĺκ鶼ֵ֡
طԴ˲δе⣬Եúƽ·ϵɼ֮в̹
ʢüͷøˣû˵ʲô
һСʱ󣬳⳵˽֣ڽֿͣ¡
طʢ³ֱλ˽ѵضεĺ⻪ѧЭܲȥ
⻪ѧЭܲһĲ¥ƫʽ¥л԰ˡ
طʢߵſڵʱ򣬷ſվߣǴдŴ֣ӵܡ
߱ʢã
ʢǰԱţ˵⡣
᳤ǻ᳤˵ˣûȤ㡣
ŵϳʢֻǵû˿ʢĻЦŻӦ⣬᳤ת㣬Ҫ̳ܲġǺ⻪ѧЭǻѧЭ޹أǹս
ৣ
ʢɫһ䡣
~
ʱһ۽γſͣ£ڴŸղڻŵ
᳤˵ˣǻ᳤ûȤ㣬ڣ𣿡
³֮󣬾ֱߵطʢǰȫط磬һֻسʢ
ž
ӦڵһĶ
ҹĻ£طһ˦ڵ沿
ɲǼ䣬ڿնͬƵģڿз˼ȦȻֻ顱һӦء
Ÿ
طһƻ֮




1837 һζ
ոջһڣתۼ䱻طķڵء
ת̫죬쵽ŵӶûзӦǵɴ۾ؿӦصڣǸо·ʣʲô
ǣڱҲûκηӦ
ֻǻڣط磬ѾȾǿеİˣ˴˲֮࣬
طɱСһף
ҹĻ£ڵİѣѪģͬĴϺƵģһɪɪ־壬֪ΪԲܵˣʶδָǱطͻȻ־ˡ
ΨһûгԾʢ
һ·طɳطָƣ֪طһԳ֮ˡ
֮ǰڻһطЩۣ棬ղıԵ̽ӭطĳ֡
طĻ˵ڵʦʦ
򡭡ˣ
ʦֱˣ
ܿģŵӻع񣬷׷׾ֵش
֣ˣ
ӵܵľҲӷµ״̬лعطĿԹͬʱ﷢˸ɱ
˺⡢ɱ⣬мֻ
һУֻΪ֪ŸĿֻһŭʢһˣΪʢһ˳̵档
ǽ
ڵĻ£һͳӺ󷽵Ļ԰
Ǳ
Զѽӵڵĵ绰֪ʢطҪ⻪ѧЭܲصڻ԰еȴ
Ǽǵȴʢط˵Ҳǵȴ˳֡
ȻУط
˿̣ǵĿѾﵽδֱӳȥѡ
ƺǸԱƸ
طĻʢһۣȻֱӽ뺣⻪ѧЭĴš
һΣſڵļŵ׷ÿ˵·
Ǳطղųŵˣ˱
ʦ֣û°ɣ
طʢǰŸսţŵӷ׷ǰǵسʵ
ûлشǿϵʹվֱ׷طʢˡ
֪հŵҪۼ֤طʢ˵ı磡
طʢ˴԰ȻԶ±ѡΪ⻪ѧЭĸ᳤ϣǰϰȲ裬硣
ʢҳִҶӣ
ۿطʢԶֱվͺһ
ʵϣղµӴʱȥֹ
ӲʦҰһ¡طޱػص
᳤֣ȫûнǺ⻪ѧЭܵǵĴſڴˣֱ̫
ʱҲ˽ٶȿڡ
Ϊ͹ؽѣ޷ڣֻúģ塣
С֪𣿡
ӵĻŶҵģԶ˫𣬻ſµɱ⣬ȴûж֡
ΪȫѧϼʶʵҴСͶüųʦ̫ǰУ
ͳʦ̫һ۷ǿߣްտԻ
ԶҲͱһˣ
ط翪ڣʢŭ˵
ȻͨԶķӦжϳԶȫվ˱һߡ
ʢϹʲô٣
ڳˣĿضʢطˣһ۾߶ţΣյϢ
Ǹսӥצʲôʢŭ⡣

ȴǷЦǸоЦЦгż⻪ѧȫԱĹͳһսĹ쾭壡
㡭
ʢŭɶ
Ȼ
һΣĻ˵ڣϣʢϹ֮ǰѾڽҵ˼תˡ
ţ⻪ѧЭͻѧЭûκιϵǵǲͣҲûȤ㣡
㲻ԵҴСſڴڣǶǺ⻪ѧЭƣҲǶҸ˵ƣ
£ֱվɢſ¶ΣյϢ
ٵĻˣҪ˵ӥȮ
ʢŭڣ֪ս⣬ֱӴ߶ھó׼
ϹҶ鲻ҲҪСݡ顯ҿһֱǵá
СǺ⻪ѧЭĴſڶִˣǲ֪ôд
ԭҴ㽫ǵĹɼսʦĴȣǵĹǼǵºʦж
һЦսɱﵽ£طʢĿ⣬ͷ·ڿˡ
飬һζ
طɱⶸȻֱ˱̡




1838 һ

Ȼط仰ǿƵµĻЦһ־ŭ
ΪյϢӵ۷ǿߵʵ
Ǿǿеİ
ʵ޷͵

ͬʱԶˣ᳤оӿֳһͷ
СȻʦ㹷ҽ
ŭ󣬱ٴοڣͳͬԾĵ˲ţִ֪ߵغС
áã
ԭԶط屴֮Ѿڴˣ˿ȻĻһȻӲͷƤӦ
Ȼûаջط磬֪֣ݣмڶط֡
һ£ӦĻȶԼҲӣºȻ⵽ĳͷ
һȭش޺ΣĿ
ʢϹ㲻ÿĶң
ֽĿͶʢϳϷʵЦݣȫûнʢ
ΪͨϢӦȷʢǾǿеİ
ʵȷˡ
Ȼʢѧ츳ѣƻġǡһѧţԴӵλѧЭ᳤һְ֮޷еľ棬ѧʵѱƻĵ˦Ҫǰ벽һǿߵİǡ
һϣ
ʢڣطͻȻǰһһ
ңܿʢǾǿеİοط磿
˿̣ȿڣΪ֪ʢҲһŻ𣬵ʢһŭ֮뱴֡
ʢȷʵŭ죬ǲδȫŭɣҲ֪ǱĶ֣ʶطĻûг

ͬʱԶڣ᳤ǱˣٴαطĻˡ
һ̣Լǲǳ˻
򣬽¶۷ǿϢԶΪǿ߰ıһ֣
ţŸʲôҴ֪ߵغС
ݵľ󣬱ֱӱŭˣֱӶԶͺһԶ֡
֮ǰݣмط֣ѾԶָʾ˿̶ҪԼˡ
СﲻҰĵط
ٴԶٵһ
Ӱ
һ̣Զ£ǿսɱ⣬ھӿͬһͷŭͻط硣

˲Ϣ֮䣬Զ˵طǰұۻ̽צ״Ѹ͵ץط硣
ѻ֡
ȻԶҴ⣬ֱźպѻ֡
ɲǼ䣬Զھӿұָָۣ֣ͬһ㣬֮˺ѣƿֲ
طվԭأһ·Զֲһץŵˡ
Ȼ
һ̡
͵Զץطͷʱط綯ˡ
ৣ
˲ӳͬצ״ͬ̽ȡһץԶХ֡
ž
촫طѸ͵ץסԶָͣھԼļͷʮֵĵط޷ǰ֡
ţ
һĻñͫ׶ȻüĿ֮һĨȡ
һ֣֪ûС
طղųֿ磬ٶȾ۷ǿ߿С
ѵǾǿߣ
֮࣬иֳһޱȻͷ
ৣ
ͬʱԶɫ䣬ֱξˣ
Ϊȫѧľ˿Ҵ⣬ղһֱɱУҲû뵽Լɱлᱻط׾ٵƽ⡣
û뵽
͵ԶͼӶֹط磬Ӷطſʱط綸Ȼ߶ֵھ
꣡
͡
ھŷԶӦϣͷȾѪɽ
طһֱԶ
飡
ط粻ͣҽŵһǱ׼ţԶؿڡ
꣡
ͷѵȻԶǰ߹˲ѣؿݣǱɳ۵ײһ㣬ɶѪ硣
Ӻݺݵ˺󷽵Ĳ̨ϣ̨ҵѣӦأͬĵӣҲĶǰһڱĽ£һһϢĶȮ

һĻڣѡٵĺѧЭḱ᳤һǸо·ʣôܣ
ȻǶһ˽⣬Ƕȫѧɼһĺɨ۷ǿߣ̡
Զŵţ˾ǿߵż۷ǿ޵еĴڣвһ
⡭ܲǾ
Ǿǿߣ
ӦǵǱ
һ̣ͬ¶𾪣֮гš
ղţط׾ٵץסԶƵԶѻ֮󣬱оͻطǾǿˣȻ󿴵طɾһ߷Զлɸ
ͬʱɣҲ޴𺳣šôðһľǿߣ

طһȡ
Ҫһ㣡




1839 һָʤ
Ļ԰Уطͬһ쳹Ͽա
طǿƵȣںѡĺ⻪ѧЭḱ᳤Ǳлع
֣
ţ
ںλ᳤ͬһʱ俪ڣԶ
Ҳ̲סԶһۡ
ϣԶѣؿݣѪĭȾѪƲأһֻѾ̤˹Źء
ᡭ᳤Ҹױ𣡡
һĻڱߵسű˵
Сû뵽ᣬȻΪ˾ǿߡΪΪǿߣǰ𣿾ǿҲǿֵ֮ġ
ûлشڣضط磬ɭ˵

ط˱ĻͬĻ
㡭
ٴ仰ֻԼΪǿ߰ϣٴα̤ױŭ
ŭ˲£ſֲս⡢ɱ⣬ֻһΣһͬһڹ⳯طɱ
طһʱӦ˱֣û֮ǰԶվԭصȴԷһӭϡ

ͺһƴﵽۣѪڣھͬڵ˳ӿұۣȭȭͬڵһ㣬Ȼط硣
սȭռɱ
ս񱬣
֮ǰȨλش޺ʱûжɱС
һ̣ױط缤ŭˣ
ѾĶҲں˺Ҷ֯ɽֻһȭطɱйͷ֮ŭ
䡪
һȭըһ磬γһɿµȭ磬ȫط֡
ط·ȭ紵ýϣ˫Ŀʹëը
ϯطζȻ٣ųŵأҽ̧ͬƵһת
ܡ
͵ΪҪ뱴ӲӲʱѸײڶ֮Ʋһӣܿһȭ
ȭطǰХ಻ʮ֣ȭ磬̵ط缸޷˫ۡ
Ȼ
ط뱴Ӱ˲䣬ط綯ˡ

ұ΢΢ֻ̧ӳָۣʳָ̺ſµھͬһȻ򱴻Դ
д
ָ
ط翴ƱܿâͬʱԼɱУɱ֮ġ졢׼ݡӵ쾡£ȫܵĻᡣ
Σգ
ŭ֣ǿɱУͼһȭطɱһȭգ𾪲ѣ˿ͻȻӦطĳ֣ӿֳǿҵΣ
Σ֣ܣֻƣһطָͬʱ΢΢࿪Դ
ò˵Ϊǿ߰ıսܼ£Σ֮ӦԷʽмӱܿҪλ
Ȼ
ոնǿɱСս񱬡ھתܵӰ죬˿̲޷ɱս񱬣Ҳִٳ֣޷ӳʵ
飡
촫ԸԳطʳָ
ۡ
ţѪŽ
ͬһ鶹һϣ˲䱻طʳָ
طʳָűѪƣڱԴһͣ
ƱΪۣܿطһָ
оѣʶƣˡ
Ȼ
ˣ
ҹĻ£طұȻһµھʳָٴαŷ
ۡ
˲ըѪɡ
طʳָͬһȾѪĶ̽һնն򱴻ͷ­
Ʊ飬ѪţĸӲӣ
ҹĻ£Ǿ֮һ㣬Ѹٳˣ˲ӳȥףɹܿطһѾ亹͸
ոһ˲䣬㱻طһֱ

ͣ½Ų˲䣬ں᳤˲صԶͳͳɵˡ
ǵɴ۾ؿʧȥƣȾѪڣϳŲţ
ǲţطԻ˱
֮ǰѾ֮͸©طӦǾǿߣ
׼ȷ˵
ΪǾǿеİҪͨ벽񾳵һ
߿ھûκ𣬵֣ʵս֮
֮ǰһȭش޺ǻӣ
ǣ֪ط磬֪طʵսʢЩ𾪡
Ȼ֪ط׻Ƶɱ֪һս˲ֳʤ
˿̣ط缸ֻһָⳡɱʤ
㡭ôǿز
ͬʱԶıѸٷס˿ڣסѪھͬʱǴײһ㣬ؿط磬ѿڶ
ٵĹ飬ɱ׼
طһһֱӳűɱȥ
Ҫȴһٽɱ




1840 򱬺
ղţطＤŭñŭ֣ǿɱУȻ¶
ط羪ܵͬʱץסɱֲġָһٻ˱
ʧȥ֣ѪʵܵӰ죬Ƹһǧɡ
ոյĽ֣طսɱ飬Ȼ
˿̣طѡǿƿڣ쳹԰Ͽգ磬ɱһ𲻰ս

Ӱ֣ȭӡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ط˵˱ǰұȭգһȭ򱴻
ȻΪ˱Ⱪ¶ݣһȭطûжԼдġǹǶõƻԴ书׻ȭ
ԴƻĽ׻ȭط֮طһֱڸϰ侫裬˿̳֣Σ⡣
֮⣬طڶá׻ȭͬʱд߶غѪط
ৣ
ξѣӾлعûӲطһȭѡܡ
ղűطһָˣȣƵѪھЩȡ
һ£֣޷ӳʵս
һ㣬Ȼɹܿطһȭٴ˥ˡ
ط磬һȭУƸӰ棬׷һ򱬲ݵ̬
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
һʱ䣬԰Ӱƿ
ҽ
һ̵ط磬һͷߵĿ׷ű͹ƳѹƱ
Ҫ˵ԵЩˡ

ͻȻһ˻ûмܣ߶ھӭط磬ȭȻ
һ̣סڵѪھٴζǿɱСս񱬡Ϊ˵Եʣտʼһȭ
ˣһľǿߣ޷ֵһȭ
Ȼ
Եط磡
ط·ϵһֱѹƣһƴΪ˲δе𾪣һͬһȭ
׻ȭǿɱ

ƻĹȥһչдǿɱС
һɱУƻڡ׻ȭĻϣں˻֯εġȭͻѧպġȭھķ߶ס
գƻ׻ƵɱУӲջ׺Ѫɷߵһնս׺ˡ
һսƻĺޱؽһдڸط硣
طЩӣһֱڸѾһУ˿ǵһʩչ
һȭطڵѪھ׷ڣƸӿֲͬʱڽһ

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䡪
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ھײ΢Ĵ촫ط뱴ȭͷ˲ֿ
УȭָͷѺۣѪͬˣңѪھײӲܿƵسȥ
ҹĻ£һ岽ÿһƴµĵש׷ըƬ䡣
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һĻԶں᳤ͳͳɴ۾ӿֳһǲţҲ޷ܵͷ
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µ˴˿̣Ҳ޷źͽܣȻ
ǣʢЩ㵡
ǲͬʢΪǿߣط뱴սһҲطһָ鱴֣Ҫɱ顣
˿̣ط뱴ӲӲɱжԺ䣬ռϷ磬Ǵ޴𺳣
Ϊֹ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģطһȣȻ͵һٴ򱴻
ס֣
ĺӣң
ͬʱͬһը졣
ϢֲӰͻȻӺ⻪ѧЭһ¥ڳճŻ԰
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ΪظӦϢֲͱһǾǿߵİǰһǰ벽ǿߵϢ
Զں᳤ҲӦһУжϳսǿߡ
ԭΪطɱжԺ֮Ѫھңѵ;ĩ·ٵֵطĹƣδܹо
˵ĻӦ˵Ϣͷ·ץ˾ݣҵ˿ɽеľȻ޴棬۵Ϊط粻Ҽˡ
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Ӧսǿߵһ졣
طӦսǿߵϢδֹͣڿ֮УһŶڵϣڿն˫ſͬӥʳһ㣬򱴻
㡭
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飡
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ৣ
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Դӷּң̵ѪͬһѪ
սǿֹ֮طǿƽ򱬣




1841 
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Ϊǿ߰ţԼС
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գóĽǣ˽̳ĵҶ죬ӵа벽ǿߵʵôûͻƴ˵е񾳣Ҳǰ벽ǿĴ֮һȫ֮ۡ
˿̣طݡ˵ĵӣ˵ǿߣ
⡭ܲ𾪣
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1842 뻢ڣ
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ȻЦǸо·ЦֻûĺӣڿЦ𣿵ûǿߣҲǿߣһ򲽽ǿߣսҲв
ৣ
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Ǹط֯ʹ˵еˣҲûŵҪطߣ̬ȼ
طҲһ㣬ͬʱۣضܾýЩԾ

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ͬʱѺطʢսǿ߰ͫ΢΢ʲôҲû˵
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͵طʢ˴Ӻ⻪ѧЭߵͬʱΪ⻪ѧЭĹǸɵĻ֪Ϣ˻ҽԺ
ҽԺVIP޺ڲϣڴ㻤
·ɻ󣬱һʱϵȻһֱû뿪
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1843 Իĵľ棡
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񻺻ڣʣǸֳЦݣŮδǳսʤƽѿʼбˣ




1844 ǿߣ
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1845 ֹ˵̳
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á
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ȣһش֮ǰµĿ
ϯߴڿ˵ϣڿ֮ǰԼ侲

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ΪҲȷѧǷΪʢ˷˵ָȨ
ǻѧԸָȨĻδǳսȨսһѧ类ǰ£սͷ
˵ǵٴƯϸ֣ΪҪǣս̫ɱطˡս֪ططĸʺܵ͡
ӣķ׼ȷ
ϯߵͷϿ˵һС
үүүҲΪɼ
ͷһɫһ䣬ˡ
ʵݱ֣³Ҫء
ϯͬüͷ˵ԼжϣȻսУôʵݱضᱩ¶
⣡
ͷһϳžɴ۾ؿϯߣڵϯߵĻش
Ȼ
ϯȴûٳҪȽеԵɡ
սϵһ书
һ»ѧٷŭҲῪսϾսձ̵ӡŷڣ̫ŷ޹Ž֧֣͢
˵еԵɡ
ǵġ
ϯߵͷ
ΪΪʲôΪʲôḰʦҶĺ󳾣
Ⱥۣʹҡͷ·޷ȻȻ뵽ʲôЩԣ©һҪϢ졭ҲʦΪˣ
ӣǸ˺ǿҲΪط֣һ̤ƽս
ϯҡͷٴοڣĻͬһˮֱӽеϣ֮𣬡⣬еϢûиƻһͬǰҾǰҲˡ
桭ûκ𣿡
˫ͨ죬ˮۿдת
ӣ˽ۣ˽ӢۣͨۡӦõӢۡ
ϯ߼״ص̾˿
Ϊϲط磬ϰطݳϣǸе޲϶Ϊʱǵˣֹ˵̳

Ӣ׶
ݿ𴲵֪ɼ֮ûϴʰ嵽˹ٵ鷿żɽʵ£˵ɼ𣿡
Ȼ
ٵͷȻ󿴵ݿûʰ磬һĵǣʵӣڵǸ𣿡
ǡǵģ¡
ݿӦȻʵ°ɣ
̫ӣǣȫѧ֪Ϣޣ޷жϡ
˵ţȻݿŵ֣߬ݿǸϤΪʲôôİΣѵڵģǸˣطðΣո𣿡
ûлش
һ̡
ݿδԼĸףطܣ˫ֽգǰĬĬΪط

ྩĳCBD칫¥
ણણ
ѩڰ칫ûһ˾񣬶Ǻڰ칫ⲽ߸Ьذײ
һУֻΪҲ֪طɼץߵ飡
ͻȻѩͣ˽Ų칫һץ˰칫𶯵ֻһʾѸٽͨ绰
ɩӣҸˣֻƻһ벽ǿȥɼ
˵ƻ֮ԶһǰȥΪʱˣҲΪ뿪ս
绰ͨ͵Ͳд
֮ǰѩ֪ط֮Լ˼һȻʹ˵绰ѯطѧѣѧӦԴʩ
֪ˡ
ѩ΢΢һȻ˰칫ϡ
ɩӣӲ°ɣ
绰ͷ͵ĵʵǡཡä
ѩҶ˵绰ֱߵ˴ߣϽǵķ
ط磬˵ʲô飬Ҷ
˵ҪΪʦҶõЩ˸ʹۣ
Ҳ˵һ죬ֱͦ˻صؼҴԺվؽǰͷ
㻹˵ҵ֣߽ҴԺȢҡ
ԣһƽô
ţţѩ̲ס˫ۣаԼ




1846 ݱ¶
͵ȫɼͻѧ𶯵ͬʱΪߵط硢ʢˣ˴˾ɼʮһܻء
ûսµģڽսˡ
뻪֯һսԱ߹ɣǰػĴڣӵгȻĵλ
Ϲս֣ﶼҪսָӡ
ûطΪϡ򣬵ڿУѧһļ
üܹΪ㣬ÿһ㶼սֵĳԱأһһϸ
ηյģϽĽڸǣ䵱ηţ̣ǾǿҲ޷ǺϽݻ١
ֻ֮Ҫ˱ؽηǿܷ˵սֳԱηţûܡ
طʢ˱㱻ѺصļǼ㣬صĳԱһɫսԱаǿ߰
طǰűؽηűη
ƤӣӦýط磿һЦضط磬ˡ
طһ޲ֻ۶
㲻÷ϣҲαװЩͽ͵ġǼȻץȻǻġ
ۿط粻˵ЦݲЦ֮г䡢ĸо
ৣ
£һǰֱطǰһӣһץطĸ첲Ȼͳһܣͷطĸ첲гѪ
ĳ֣طûз
׼ȷ˵ӦʱѾͷĸ첲Ҳûˡ
ΪһѪԳΪı걾
ңʵ̫·Ҳͽ͵ģ޷ֹѪ
ȥ⣬ȻطĻϽжԱȡ
طѪ˳ֶվηһջѪߡӥ
ǣ
ӥһѽס
ƤӣȽ졣
طɭһЦȻһԾֱԾη
ηĺϽ˲رգηָ˰
طϥ΢΢ۣ׼ͻƾǿ߾硣
֮ǰں⻪ѧЭỨ԰ûѡߣԭж
һʢڳܹߣʢҲ޷ߡܶʢܡ
ڶжϳսɱԼʢãսһУΪδǳսȨ
Կ϶սʢʣȻѧδǳսȨ
࣬ܿͻᱩ¶
һ£Ψһܹıǽͻƾǿ߾硣
ֻҪͻƣ޾ʢȳȥ
βļһ
ط侲֮аԼȻۣԺԼдġǹ
ƻġǵڵľ飬д͸ѧͻƾǿ߾;
ǡ
֪˶ã͵طרͬʱһƵηĴŻˡ
Ƥӣ㵹ǹȣʱ˼
Ծηطϥǽһƾȡ
Ȼطսѧɱ֮һҲòϣطʵ̫ޣȫһ˿ɱȵġ
ҲӲӡ֤ˣսڣ׷طУһҲԩ
Ͼڴ˿£һܹѵãܹģһǿеİδܹ
պôɱ㣿
طۣ΢ЦŻӦ

طĻطϵЦݣһЦһ㣬Цط磬ĺܺ棬ʱˣĵ˵ղǾ仰
㲻ɱңҲɱҡط翪ڻӦȻЦ
ԣЦ΢΢һطĿ֮гžȣţ
֮ǰ޷ȷط磬ҲɱҡҪɱңɱˣȵڡ
طηӭĿ⣬һһսú⻪ѧЭ鵱նջѧ˵ִɼȻǵĿܡøֶμŭǳ֡
ռݴ壬ȻΥսĹ涨ΪɣץٽǵʣӶ뻪ѧ̸Уûѧ罻˵ָȨ
ĺӣò˵һ֮Уǣ㿰Ƶһ
طĻĿеľȸŨ̾һЦµһжԣǵĿĵȷĵȴǳԤ֮ġ
ţܴں⻪ѧЭſڴ֮⣬һУϸ˵ΥսĹ涨
ֻĻҲ԰Ȼ뿪Ѿȷطˡ
˵ɱ˲ŷ㻹ܻ뿪𣿡




1847 ׼
ĻӿֳĿɱ⣬طûлӦҲûиеֻ֣ޱؿǸоһԹߣһĵˡ
طķӦٴγԤϣۣط翴˺üӣżɭ˵㼸γ˰Ǽٲսڵսһɱսˣսߣսɱˡ㻹뿪
ɱҪôϻ𣿡
طһؿְɡ
㡭
ԣͫ׶ȻŴ־ŭ
û뵽ط羹Ȼһ㲻
ô𣿡
ۿҳ֣طϵļЦݸŨˣ㲻ҡ
Ǻǡĺӣò˵еҪ¸Һͻǡ
ٴطļȴϵɱ⣬ŭЦؿڣȻ׼Ҳɱ㣬˵˵Ϊʲôɱ㣿
׼ȷ˵ڲɱңҳ֡
طޱ˵Ϊ֮ǰ˵ҵĵǶһ⣬ҵʵݱǵе⡣
⣬ע֮ǰƶļƻǻеƶǵļƻӶɵصõδǳսȨ
ƤӣƻĻǳսȨȡ
һЦӳطжϣҲҪߣһ￴㣬ֱƻѡ񡣡
£طػһԾֱԾη
ηٴιرգη»ָ
طۣȻٴϥ£
һΣֱûط硣
ͬʱ
λɼɵׯ԰
ׯ԰˽ׯ԰ԭ16͵ķܹ250䣬34ң43ԡҺ65¯彨1.63ƽס
ׯ԰ԭ12500ӢĶӵ8000ӢĶɭֹ԰˴Ὺ5㡣
ׯ԰֪֮һһϣׯ԰йԱתƣׯ԰ÿյ塣
Щɼľ죬ϼ֮뿪ׯ԰ͨׯ԰е·ùؿϽͨǰׯ԰
ϰ˵ӵʱһȺɵׯ԰Ϊ֮սƶߡ
֮лսİ벽ǿߣǸǰ̸С
֮⣬֮лʮǿߡʮߣҪ̸ڼľ乤
˽Ǳ֮󣬶ڳǱһ䷿ټһŮӡơ
һŮӣһͷ̷ļãֲֵߡ
Ųѿͺ٣дĮ·һֻ֩룬˲ҿ
ս鱨ˣҲΨһһŮӡ
ʦ
֮󣬵һʱ
ڵ˵
ʦձ̵д忡ķɻʮʮִӡŷڵĿʮһӵִŷ޽͢˹ͼͼʮһʮִ̫ɼʮ塣
һػ㱨֮⣬ȫڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬷׷׵һʱ
ƵĻ㱨΢΢ۣûп
ʦҪֹ˽ӽׯ԰𣿡ʵ
ΪʲôҪֹأ
ЦһǰôƣĿıֵȫ֪ƻĵȫ潻˵ָȨˣǼ֤ˡ
ʦƻĲָͬȨأԥһʵ
ȷڽ֮ǰǸʢط֮⣬ûоǿϵĻ߽
ĿɨһֱۣëȻʱſʵ
ϡʦȷûС
˿ĭǿѹסĵĿֻţش
ȥ顣о˸
ʦ˵Ƶͷ
һȥ֪ͨսֵĿԴӭձ̵ӡŷڡŷ޽͢ͷ̫ˡ
˵ڶȥתīȥӭƻģҪƻĴ»֮ǰǻӭӡ
ʦīʦȷϣĴ֮Ƿֻƻһ벽ǿߣ
һµŵ⡪Ϊ벽ǿߵīԵǻûа벽ǿ߿ء
ƣΪ鱨ˣĺ̫ˡüͷһ
Ǹʦһĵϰߡ
ŵûһȻʮȾϹ
緢Ϣسطࡣ´
ǣʦ
ƹףΪƻȨơ
࣬һȫ




1848 ٳӣ׹Ԩ
սֶл⣬طȫһ¡ط
СʱһϢѸٴȫȫΧһ޴ĺХ
ϵ۰𣿡
һֱɣط֤ʵˣ
طô飬ץһϢ̣

Ϣ֮󣬸ڸֳϡƽ̨Ϣۣ̳ڣеۣһµΪطһڽӣ
Ȼ֮
Ϊ˶֪Ȼɱط磬õ˵Ȩ
ȫΪ֮𶯵ͬʱеĴȺִЩƶǰ
֯
һλĻƶϯߣ˴ԴŮɼ
֪طϢس֮ûжԴ˷κۣҲûһϯ߽֣̽ʧںҹеĺӣȫϣ⣬еľ
ϯ߼״Щۣ뿪ڰοȼ䣬ֲ֪ΰο
ɼʱʮʮ֣սƶ߿˻
ʮʮ֣һձɼר׼ʱڻ䣬ָͣ
ѵȺʱĿǰӭӡ
Ŵ򿪣ձ̵벽ǿ֮һд忡ӣӻ߳
̻дҲС
д忡ʦд̴ʦӭ
ºսߣд忡һеĵʾӭ
ܸٴμ㡣
д忡΢΢ף̻д̴ձſڻӦȻʵ˵ǶǸ˻⣬ȷط磬Ϣô
ǵģд忡ʦӦ
Ļд忡д˶һۣоӿֳŨҵɱ
սԣձ̵ձɱط磡
д忡ʦӡŷڿдʦĿͻҲҪ䣬ͣԱߡǰɽׯǸһ𣿡ʾ
һɡ
д忡оһӦ
ӡŷҲɱط磬ձ̵һսӵߡ
һ£ձ̵ӡŷѡ
ó˳ͬеĻᣬн̸ͨڴﵽ˫˴ɼ֮еĿġ
ʮһ㣬ר׼ʱ䡣
֮ͬǰһǰӭӣȻ˼䣬㽫һ˴˳ԡ
Уþò
д忡̻дڳԵȺ򣬼һкǶͬߣҲǸʱľţ񶼳Ϊ˰벽ǿߡ
Ǻܶûˡ˫ֺʮڻӦ
Уϳ˵ɡ
д忡룬ȻһУͬ˵̻д̺ӡŷڵһǿ߰
УǸ֧СѾ֪˰ɣд忡ʵ
ָһϢзʡ
ǵġ
д忡ͷȻСǼթȻֶλ䡣ս֣֮ע˱硣
š
ΪȻսβᵽδǳսȨƱػط縶ۣӶսϡ
һСʱ
ŷ޽̻͢˹ڽ̲ͼͷ̫İ벽ǿɼҲڻˣҳͬһ뿪
ɼʦ̫׼ô֧һϳ֮˹΢Цʵ
ǻûɼҡͷ
ôط飿˹ʵ
ƻΪ׵Ļѧ磬ֻδǳսȨط֮ѡһɼ˵ԼĿ
ΪƻĻôѡ˹ʡ
֪
ɼ΢΢һЦʵǽ͢ô
Ǿƻѡ㡣
˹о˸Ҫʱƣڽ͢ѡ

һӵʱΪս֮һӵа벽ǿʵīǿߣ
һʮ֣һྩɼСͿͻ׼ʱ䣬ֻƻĺ˿֮ͣⶼǹԱ
Ŵ򿪣ƻĴ»īֱӽա
ƻĴʦӭ
īվڻſڣ΢ЦųƻʺãͬʱϸظӦŻһС
īʦ𣿡ƻޱʵ
ȻսīǻĿ
飿ʲôƻĴʦҲ˼
īͨӦѾȷɻֻƻߣƻĵĻȴѡװɵ
ˣ߰ɣҪǵȾˡƻ˵ţվҪ뿪
ʱȴһƻġ
īʦǰɣҴ飬ܿ
ƻļ״֪Ҫ㱨ֶī˵
õģƻĴʦ
īԣͷȻ£뿪˻ա
ʦսӵϢСʵݱ¶ˡտżɽػ㱨
ƻüͷһûп
ʦսԴҪЮǣô죿ԥһʵ
ˡ
һΣƻĿڻӦյֻٴ
տʾĺǾڲ룬ͫ΢΢ŴȻֱӽͨ绰
ؽƻνӵ绰
һ̣ؽͨߵ磬Ӵ˰˹նҲƻһ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬ʶؽֻݸƻġ
ãXX
ƻĽӹ绰ʺá
ΣǸղٿһ飬ֽ֪ͨ㡣ؽ˵绰Ŀġ
ΪأΪط˵Ӱ֣ǵȨ仰˵طһ£֯вŶ֪飬һУǸΪ뻪֯޹أؽ˵
ǻѧĵӢۣ
ƻüһһ
˷Ӵ֣ӢЧҹң
ؽٴοڣӹɣǻľҲǾ̬ȣ
ƻĳĬ
ɫ䡣
طٴαӣ׹Ԩ




1849 ȫǿ
ͬս鱨㱨һ֮⣬ȫȫӿɼ
ӵʱɵׯ԰ǰС͹㳡ϣվˡ
ǶȫҪսׯ԰ܲμѧ뻪ѧ̸Уֻڹ㳡ϵȽ
λĿˣƿ˼˹ӭɼ
ȺУΪһƿ˼ƶߵ˹ͻȻڣȽ֮󣬻ӭȥƿׯ԰͡
õģ˹
Ⱥв˿ӦҲ˳Ĭ
֯ϯߡˣŷ޵ĸ궡ºүү˶¡
׽磬ƿ˼Ͳ¼屻Ϊȫǿ󡢸е塣
һֱǾϵߵ·
Уƿ˼ãӶʦǿΪ忴һԺ¼ڷ׬Ǯͬʱѧǿߡ
궡±ǸüǿˣҲȫѧһٮٮߡ
Ӧμӹ͢ʥŮᣬ֤طݲӢһͿˣطύ
궡»һط緢룬طȥ¼͡
ȣɫȥܲã𣿡
궡ȵߣڴڨ
һΣһ֮УֻȣʵĵúܣҸ졣
ûлӦǰĳǱ
˳ĿԿǱнʮ׸ߣһ졣
Ϊս鱨˵ƣվڳǱڴڼӹ㳡˵һһҲǳ䵱ӭĽɫ
֮ǰձ̵д忡ӡŷڵĿС͢˹ͼͼ̫ɼʱһʱǰӭӡ
˿̣ƿ궡֮󣬵½עϡ
Ϊ㳡У֯Ͳ¼һģǳֵս£
СӣŮ鲻ã㲻Ҫһ˰һ¡
ۿȫûк͸궡Ի˼ϯ߱㿪˵
ϯүүСΪطô궡ԣһоһ
һΣϯûп
طֺ۽ëգգû궡
˵ʵһʼϢʱ𾪣ͬʱҲΪط¸еź
궡״ҲûٶʣԹ˸̾㹻ʱ䣬׳ɳĻһΪǿ֮һս֣֮뿪ˡ
궡Сѣ滪طǸ쵰еϧô
궡Ļ䣬һϷʵ
˹ƿˡ
Ȼ˹Ļ֮⣬ڳ˶ĿͶ˸궡
Ǻǣ˹үү˵ЦˣôΪеϧأֻڸ̾ѡ궡а˹ϻ쵰ȴЦݣû˹Ĺơ
ط磬ݱ¶սֱ֣֮ͬ˭Ըط糶Ϲϵ
˹۸СӲʰɣ
˶ü˹ȻҲ˹ڸ궡ڿӡ
˶㲻Ҫֻһʡ˹Цݲȴ̺⡣
ߣ
˶һٶ˵
˹Ļطˣ
ʱͿʵ
Ϊ֧ЪѹӢңطͿĵܻܵΪط磬ɼ
һ죬ط֮ɼȸɽׯ㳡ɨ۷ǿߣбаͿĵܵܣ
һ죬ͿΪԼĵܱܵǿһ·׷ɱط磬ȫǼٲ֮ս
һսͿĶӣصӢ֮󣬱丸ѵ⣬֮ţ£ֱεų
ңͿ
Ϳ£ΪսǸ쵰ȥô
˹ЦһӸ𰸣Ϊط˴α
⣡
˹ĻԶȣͷ΢΢һ
Ȼ֮ǰϯ̸Ԥϵط˴׶༪٣˹Ļֱĵĸоʹ֡
ȷô
ȻһԶͬը졣
ţ
ͻһȻʶؽĿͶ˹㳡ڡ
һ̣ؿһźɫӵ߳ڹ㳡ڡ
ߣ˵ɫһ䡣
ΪǶϳˡ
ɣ
棬ΪΨһİ벽ǿߣ
ǿطϺӴսط統򱬡
ĸĪ޳ͷԣҪֻɱط磬ƻһŵõʱƶز
Ϊ˱ط磬ҲǼٲһսѪ
һս岢δֱ伣
ȫΪطͻѧͷˡ
죬ɣͻȻܲ𾪣
ɣʦҸΪ
ȹ˹ɣӦ
ɣʦӭʦȥ
˹Ļ䣬Ʊ㼱ӵɣǰϹ񣬷롣

İ벽ǿǰҪһʱдμս뻪ѧ̸С
ԷĻڴѧһ
á
ɣĺ壬ܸɴشӦȻǱ
Ȼ
ߵһʱ򣬸ӦʲôͻȻͣ˽ŲȻͷ
ƻĵ
ͬʱ㳡⸺𾯽䡢վڵսߣͻȻڡ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬˶ԼͬؽĿͶ˹㳡ڣڴƻĵĳ֡
ƻĵĵִѧҪһ̸ʽ




1850 ҹ
˵עУһӳֿϻʻׯ԰㳡ųǱʻ
Ƶģ޷͸ƻģܸӦƻĵϢ
֮⣬ҲӦһ벽ǿߵϢ
ѧ粻ֻƻһ벽ǿΪʲô벽ǿߵϢ
һʱ䣬֮⣬ڳ˶ЩȻ
ܿģ𰸽
ӳֿͣ˳ǱſڣΪս벽ǿ֮һī³
ԭīʦ
īȺ˿ڣͬʱܶҲ̲µīǰȥӭƻģǶƻıֳأȥͺʵѧŵĵϸ
ɣʦҲˡ
ī³ûᳵƻĺգǳԵɣк
š
ɣͷĿضżӳֿϡ
ط֣֮ƻ֣֮ӱʢطֻɱ
һУԻѧ˳ޣ˿ƻļ棬ǳ˼棡
ɣ˵ע£ƻմӳ¡
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١ѧ֮ǰֵôǿƣͷֻưǿЦ
ûǸνˣԻһ̤ƽսôû˰

ۿƻһ˲Ǳ𣬼˶ΪƻĴѧ̸ʱƻĺͻѧͿһۣ˳Գˡ
֮ûԲ¼˶͸궡үˣҲûϯߺȡ
У֮ͬǰһһʧǵ̬ϯ΢΢üͷ
һ̣ЩԾȴ벻ﲻԡ
ƻԶԶЩۣδ⣬ֻޱظƲǱȻͨ¥¥ǰǱ¥һ
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һ᳡Ҳ׷
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ԣӿֳ˲õЦݣɣ
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һУûǽĿͶʵս̸£μӣʲô˼
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һţ֮⣬λǿյģλˣԱ
̸֮ǰҪȼʢˣ
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΢΢һЦȻ˸ơ
᳡ǣһս߼״ֱӴ˻ҶǽϵĴĻ
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ΪǸƻս̸нΣ̸н֮ʼ֮ʱ
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ͻƾǿ߾Ψһ




1851 ط뻪ѧ޹أ
ׯ԰ǱĻƻڣ˵ĿⶼطϣĿӿֳ˲̶ͬȵľȡ
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Ϊ׵սǿߣձ̵д忡ӡŷڵĿУӿֳɱ
Ƕԣطǵˣжд̣طԽ㡢ԽǿǾԽе
ǽȻ෴ƻĵӿֳοͽ
ط˿̵ıָеοͬʱҲΪطе
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á
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ΪǶû뵽ƻľȻֵ˵
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Ҵ˴ǰս̸ں⻪ѧЭ顣
˾ɵʱƻĿˣĿֱĳѹȣʵ֪Ǻ⻪ѧЭͽ֮ս㰲űҺ⻪ѧЭᣬʲô˼
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ƻģ㲻ýƱ磬ִڣشԶɱ˱ǶҲѧһԱ
ң˸ϵֹȫӣִֻɱΪΥսĹ涨Ƕսƣ
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ৣ
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ΪǶƻĵ֮
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1852 ɱ벽ǿնݣ
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ৡ
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ӡŷڵĿҲˣϹ΢Ц
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ΪһУȫֲ齨֮ǰӡŷѡ׷սǿҲطС
ǶԻѧĳһµĸ߶ȣطҲΪǵжд̣˵Ǳɱ
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𣡡
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һ̣طԺ֮һ֣ͻȻ֡
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1853 㻹ɱط
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ৣ
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Ҫƴô
һĻձ̵д忡ٴμЦǸоǿһֻϻֱ
д忡ӡŷڵĿҲһϷЦݣѾڴط类򱬵һĻˡ
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ȷŭԣǾ֡
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һ̣ƻĵЦɶãУȴͬħ΢Цó֮˸еһ󲻺




1854 㾡֣ܳұ֤
ৣ
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ŷ޽͢˹ͼͷ̫ɼǾ䡣
ǲս׷ߣҲǻѧӵߣǱҪͨʱƣѡ
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˼Ѫһӵɻ󣬵Ҳ֪˿̲ǿڵʱ򣬱ûгֻԼɵֺǡ
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ΪڸղţΪ˫ɣҡƻĵľģһ˵ˣƤӣ֮ǰ˵Ҹɱ㣬֯ѧ磬Ǹʲôƨ˻սսڣ֯ĸˡѧġƻģĻǰĿɱ㣡
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ƻģ㲻ҪװɵǸ˭
ٴοڣ沿΢΢ЩŤ˼£Ǹо޲ýƻĵڳӶ̽ƻеܡ
ͬʱ˾ǵɴ۾һؿƻģȴƻĿڡ
Ҳ֪𰸣




1855 һǿΪ
֪
һڴĿ⣬ƻҡͷ

ƻĵĻشڳ˶һȻ
㡭ô֪ܲ˸ǹĹ죬֤ǻĵ߸ɵģ
ݵľ㵹ŭֱƻϷˣĸо
Σ
ƻĵȻ֯ߣĺߺ࣬ЩǿҶδ֪顣£ʲôô֪

ԣɫ࣬ȴ֪η
Ҵ˴Ϊ˹ͨ⻪ѧЭ顣
ƻ˵ͣһ£ȻƽҲ֮ߣȻΪҺͻѧûʸֲ뺣⻪ѧЭ飬ͬʱ϶ʢطΥս涨ˡˡɱˣҲûʲô̸ˡ

£ƻֱ뿪
ռ״æϡ

ͬʱڣ˼״һƻǹġ
Ǹ˵ĳ֣ѧսĽѾתˡ
˿̣ƻĵǷһ̸ˣҪ㣡
⣬Ҫ㣬ǸԻĵߣǼطֵʱֵġҲ˵пΪطʢ˶
·Ϊӡ֤˵жƵģƻ˼֮ͻȻͣ½ŲŤͷѵǼطʢʲôĻ޷֤Ǹ˻ʲô
в
ٴطĻڳвԼͬӿֳ֡
㡭
ûһŭĿƻġ
Ȼ޲ýطңǸʵֲޱߣʮӣҲҼطʢ˳ְ
ƻģŻѧǿʵǿ󣬹Ȼ̤ս涨սΪȫѧ˻᳤飬ƽڣĻѧ磬δӦδǳս
ȻƶļƻƻˣòᣬΪսƶߡȫǿ֮һؿԼָܿ侲һǶƻġ
֮⣬ڿڵͬʱݸд忡кɣһ
˵ûƻģͻѧ繫Ȼ̤أǿ޷ڣ
ƻģһУΪûʸȫѧ˻᳤ѧҲûʸ쵼δǳս
ѧһ١ûѧ쵼δǳսǱذܣ
Сд忡ɣ¿Ԯ
ǿڵʸô
ƻĵĿδӿСд忡ɣɨڣǿƵ˼㣬⻪ѧЭ飬ǻѧѧ飡δǳսûκιϵ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ƻĵĻƻĻ֮ǷǿƣСд忡ɣֻñˣɫһ䣬Ҫڡ
Ȼ
ƻûиǷĻᣬ㽫ĿͶطʢǷΥսĹ涨ȫƾһ졣̸ƽԡȫѧʹ顣
ƻģѵط硢ʢˡˡɱ˵ôˣ
ɫ˼㣬ȻԸȫѧȫѧһ鵽طûΥս涨֤ݡ
˵ˣ⴦áƻ
˴ˣղǸ˳ָԤδʡ
˵飬뻪ѧ޹ء
ƻ治ɫɫȻսˣֻҪսȫѧƲ룬һ֯ȫѧ˵飬ϸչ涨
˻
ٴƻĵĻõһ
˹ͼɼɫŹ֡
Ǹ˿ԺɨսĻνƲûʲô壿
ȫѧҪöǿ߲ſԶԸǸǿߣ
м˸ȥǿս
ƻģͻѧ̬ȣͳ
ǣǵ̬һȷ
ƻĵͷһһ̸ӭ򣬷㣡
£ƻӿֳǿµƣĿ絶һɨÿһ䡣
֮⣬ǱĿɨеˣеһ˿Īľš
ǷݾţƻĵѹȣҲ֮ǰǿߵľ棬Իѧǿ
ȫ򣬳֮⣬ûκһҺѧʵ뻪ѧ
ƻջĿ⣬ٴδ뿪
һ
Ųƻߵ˻ſڣǰִŰϣ׼ΪƻĿš
棬һ̶
һŴ򿪣ƻһ̸Ҳͽˡ
ȵȡ
ʱͻȻˡ
ƻͣ½ŲδתǱ
ƻģֻҪӦһұ˷طʢѧ紦⻪ѧЭ顣
ǿƵƻģЭˣƻģҸı˲ԡ
ʲô
ƻĿѯʣûת
ȫѧٿר飬ͶƱѡ˵쵼ߡ
˵սķ
սñܵ߸⻪ѧЭᣬջѧǰҪԻѧѧΪɣѡٵķʽ˵ƿȨӹӰ£ѹѡƱռţ
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Ϊط뺣⻪ѧЭݱ¶սʱı˷طΪ룬ֱвƻĺͻѧ˵ָȨ
У
ƻؾܾԼκһֲӴжڣùݶΪδǳս쵼ߣֻҪֲɹ񣬱ɿ飬ʽΪδǳս쵼ߣ
ʱƶʱΪǳսԶһѡǿ쵼ˣӶͳӦδǲսƱˣǼһǿߣҲܿͻᷢսЩ˳ɳѾˣ
˼һ֮ѡǿ쵼ˣ
һΣƻתĿֱ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬һǿߣսôǻѧĶ֣
սսҲûô쵽һҲδغʣ
ܿ죬ҧҧٴοڱ⣬ȻֱӴƴֽóսķҽھǿ֮ѡǿ쵼ˣ
ѧ罫ɳǿѧľǿ߷սսʤѧ磬ѧ罻δǳսָȨʧܣֻ֧ѧ쵼
ͬ⣡
Ҳͬ⣡
㹫ƽ
һڣɣкд忡׷׿Ӧ
طʢûѧ紦⻪ѧЭ飬ѧս
ƻڴӦͬʱ棬ѧսʧܣڸδǳսӻѧ쵼ѧȨκһ
á
ҧӦעһ
ƻĲٷϻתֱ뿪
ΣռȨˣΪʲôҪӦ
һߣһѹʵ
ΪС쵼δǳսƻ˵ԼĿġ

΢΢һʶСǿ㲻Ͼǿеǿ߰ɣ
ǰǣˡ
ƻ΢΢һЦԺиֳط֮ǰŵĻ棬øǿˡ




1856 ط̳
ׯ԰㳡ϣϯߺ˲δȥһߵȴⳡִѧҪ̸нһ֮ǰ顣
ϯߴʦΪղŻ˭Ǵ˵е𣿡
ȺУ궡ٴϯߵԣʵ
ৡ
궡Ļ˲ԼͬؽĿͶϯߡ
Ȼ˶Ϊ֯ƶߵϯߣϢ֮ͨ⣬жҲǳ
Ǹ˭Ҫ
˵עУϯ߻ڣˡ

𰸣궡ڣ˶һ㶡
ϯߴʦ⻰ʲô˼궡ʶʵ
Ǹ˽ǱĹ컻Ǻ죬˵ǻѧˡ
ϯͣȻַʵȻԻģǾ˭Ҫ𣿡
ȻҪˣ֪»죬ûоˣ֤ʵ֮ϡȫмʵ궡ԡ
԰˵ˣʵ֮ϣ͹ˡ
ϯ΢΢һЦƱػᾪŵˣͬĴڻ˼ɵζţⳡ̸еĽѾ˴𰸡ѧӮˣ
ԭ
ٴϯߵĻ˻Ȼ
үү˵ط粻ˣȼʵ
װȣ⣬ȥֻĸһЩ
ϯ΢΢һЦĿͶ˳ǱſڣȻֻ߳
ԣҲԼͬؽĿͶֻˡ
һ̣ؿֻûа㵣ˡ
֣Ǹͬϯ֮ǰ˵
ಣ
ͬʱһֻˡ
ֻĿͣ½Ų
ãֻĴʦȡ׻ɽׯֻǰͣ½Ų˵
ţҼǵ㣬ʲô£ֻ΢΢ͷȻʵ
ֻĴʦطôˣ
ȿʵȭ鲻ԽһüĿ֮仹ӿֳһƵǡ
ǵġ
үүϯߣղѾжϳѧӮⳡ̸еʤʶطܿܰȫˡ
Ȼ
ʳȻЩǡ
ҡ
ϣԽʲô񣬾ͻԽġ
˿̵ȱˡ
û¡
ֻЦЦĻܼܿˡ
лллֻĴʦ
ֻĵĻϵĵ˲ʧӰ٣ȡ֮Ǽ
ط
ͬʱ㳡а̾
Ϊʲô
˹ƿһɬ̲ס
Ϊطƿ˼ĳޣ˹ζط
ط类սץ֮׼طαɣ֮ǰǰºڡ
ֻĵ˵ط粻¡
ԣͬѼӷˣĲĺͲ⣡
ĲսܼӥȻ
ʦȻѧûн˵ȨΪʲôҪǸƤӣӥһʵ
һǿ߰Ҳһɻؿ
ǲ֪ׯ԰顣
ղŸҪط磬һѧûЭ
ǰ˼⡣
ִôϻ
ѵ⣬ǸоǳԷʱһֻӣҪжġ
ǣ
ӥһǿ߰Ȼʮֺ棬ۿ𣬲ٶʣȻ뿪˷䡣
Ƭ̺η
Ƥӣ뿪ˡ
ӥηţɫƵؿط磬䡣
㲻ǻƤ𣿸˵ڶˣСӵı𣿡طЦ
㡭˵ʲôӥʱŭ
СӣҲղǸƺҲһѵ
طӦʣǷ˾棬ңҿԱ֤Ҷ֣ҲԲҲ֡⣬һֵĻؽܵսĳͷ
㡭𣿡ӥŭӣɱ⡣
Ҫԣ
طӼӥϵɱ⣬һԾη
ӥ侲
һΣȼӥ֣һǿ߰һס˼ӥѵ֮ǰʦʦûгֽѵ
ţ
ȻͬĻӥϵɱ˲Ȼһؿط硣
ʵں֪ڻѧûȨǰ£ط絽ʲộսʣ
ȥʢʦ̣
ڼӥǿ߰ɻͬʱطٴοˣõĿǡ
ӥǿ߰ԣøۣۡվû˵ʲôǴط磬ǰʢڵη
С磬Эˣ
ʢηȲؿʵüĿ֮価
ΪѧЭĻ᳤Ϊѧ˴뱲ӣѽԼ֮⡣
ֻΪط˵Ȩھһӡ
᳤ѧӲв
ط΢΢һЦ
һ̣ˣҲˡ
ֻĵȷûвǰͷѡ޶ȵЭ
ֻΪ̳




1857 
ɼҽԺVIP
СйطϢ𣿡
޺ڲϣЩʵ
Ѿ֪طݱ¶飬ҵֻ֪Ϊ˴ɼս̸С
Ȼ̸֪еݣ֪ⳡ̸йϵطڵ֪Ϣ֮һֱطΪԼɥ
үүϢû
ҡҡͷҲһֱڵϢͬʱҲڵطİΣ

Ļش𣬴޺̾˿ϵĵǸŨˡ
ȴ˵ʲôű򿪣˽һߵ᳤ղҽԺ֪ͨҪתԺҾĪȥ֪Ǹ쵰
ҽԺĸ˵ƻӰ쵽Զ飬ӶӰ׵ƻָ˵ֱ̫۸ˣ
顪
Ļ䣬ͻȻһ촫
Ӧڴӵ߽˲
ơڣʲô
ԭϴ޺תԺջ𣬴˿̼ڴŶ룬ʱŭˡ
ԺȲܺ˵СĻӿڳ
俪ڣͳ
֮ǰطһǶ⣬Ѿˣܹ˵ϻҩɴ
㡭
ŭҪǰ
ֻһֻ֡
ϷһЦǾڸϣĿг˲м
Ϊźͺ⻪ѧЭһǿţѾ书˻ڣǣֱ֣Ǽʯͷ
Ҫ֡
޺æֹĻѪͷƴ
ڣ̫ˣ
Ҳˣ˫ȭգ޵صڡ
ѲطٴΪͷһضŴ
֮Դ޺ΪСϢط̶ܴΪڶط棬ἰ˺⻪ѧЭ顣
ĸףطشȻʱΣס󽫳Ϊһˡ
طĺһµĵز޲ýطңǨŭ˴޺ϡ
㡭
ἰط磬ߡ
Ȼ
һΣȴĻ˵ڣڱЦˣǲܣѱעҪ
ৣ
仰£޺ɫʱ䡣
ڸղţǻۡطİΣڴ˿˵طɵĻ
ʶΪѾ֪ĻϢ
һ̣޺ܵ˾޴һ㣬ڴϣ˫컨壬˽ʧȥ˾дھΡ
ϵķŭȻ޴棬ȡ֮Ǳˣ˫۶ˣۿˮҲǲܿƵضš
˭Ҫ
ʱһͻȻ
䣬Ӱ֡
طֻġʢţ߽䡣
طΪѾ¶ѾͨҩˮȥƤߣ¶ʵĿ

ɲǼ䣬Ǵ޺ͻںͼŵӣǱˣ
Դ޺ͻ˶ԣǸոŵط̣Ϊطڽӣطֱӳ֣һɽĸо
ڡ
ѾӸԶ֪սı֪طݱ¶жط˴αɡ
˿̣طͻȻ֣ҵĸоɴ۾ؿط磬Ǹо·ʣô֣ܳ
޻᳤

طڣֻġʢ˿첽򲡴޺к
ִ֡ʦʢС䡢С硭
޺ξѣʶҪͬʱкСˡ
˻ûãҪҶ
ʢ״æǰס޺ֹ޺ǣơ
ִʦ᳤䲿ط磡
æط缸ʺá
һ̣Ǵӵصãް㵣ǡŭеֻǼ
ںط硯ĸֱֺϲˮܿƵӿۿſɰӻ䡣
СִʦѴѧΪүүͺ⻪ѧЭֻعˣ
ط״Ĵļ򣬸谲ο
Сģֻǹβ
ֻ΢ЦҡͷԴ޺˵ƺأι˻֯ҩҲԾƣסһ书
лллִʦллС磡
ллүүллط磡
޺˲ԼͬĿڵлƺвͬ
ͬʱſڣڴӾлع׼͵͵ߡ
Ȼ֪طΪλų֪ȻطֻһͬˣֻĻ˵βĻ֤طûΣˣһΣյ顣
ڣ˵ǻټġطڵľٶ˵
⣡
ͷһʶͣ˽Ųתʵ㡭ʲô
СʲôطûлӦڣǳʵ
ղֻ߽ںĻĿĲ֪顣
شʦ˵
طѯʣͱһӻĻȿڵС
ৣ
Ļֻġʢɫ΢΢һ䣬üĿ֮ӿֳŭ⡣
طǴڣǽչֵ쾡°
㡭Ҫʲô
طĻطŵûֱ£˵ˡ
ž
ž
ž
ӦڵطصĽŲ
⡭ҳΥս涨
飡
һ̡
ڵȻֹһϡ
طһ߳ͬľɨڵס
꣡
촫ڵ˲飬ʧȥģǰԵ

һҽУȻֻͨһ˵ϡ



1858 ޻ڻ
֪ڸսӥȮ֮󣬾Ȼȱ۸޺طû˵һķϻֱӵϵڵ˫ȣڹ˲޺ڣ
⣡
ڵĲҽУ˫Ѫڵϣŵӣͷһŵò˹ȥ
ֻġʢûие˿⡪ط磬һִĵĸо
޴ʦкܣΪ⻪ѧЭ޴ףЩٽ޴ʦҪ޴ʦƳҽԺ𣿡
ǼŵľսͬʱطһŲڵĺϣڳʿͷƣŭ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ
طĻ£Ǽŵŵֱ̱˵ϡ
ͬʱǴ޺Ǵ˲䱻жطĿ˸м
㡭
ԴڵϣгͿֻţʶؿڣ塣
սвô
طڵĻһһҸ㣬׷սѧͷˣûѧ⻪ѧЭ飡
⡭ⲻܡ
ʶ˻ѹһ㡣
Уڲ֮ǰҵս벽ǿƨҷһãսΪЩٵӳͷ𣿡طٴδڵĻ

ٴطĻڣŵӶɵˡ
Ȼгǧȥط˵һУǸǣط˵һģط粻ƽµҹȻΥսĹ涨ڳ֣
սΪʲôѧͷ
𾪹гһʡ
̧
Ӧǵطͳӹɣ⣬ȥԶʮСʱ֮ڣеӺµĸ᳤˳⻪ѧЭᣬ˽֣һᰤŰݷã
ǡǣ
ŵʶӦȻ󾪻ʧվ̧˳ȥ
ʲôҲûʲôҲû˵һĻ㱡
޷󣬻ѧ絽ʲôط罫ɼɻѧĵ̣ϵ˫ȣҷǿƵľ棡
СС磬ллл㡭
ڱ̧֮󣬴޺ٴοڸлݺᡣ
ԭΪԼǻѧˣѹûҶٻػģΪǣطھΡ
طû£Һ⻪ѧЭͽ
ͬ棬ûпڸлط磬ᣬмĽؿţǸż꣡
˶ĳŵѧΪ޺ͺ⻪ѧЭֻһ
޴ʦҶӦġңһǣطҡͷ
ˣҲҪˡ
ֻͻȻڴطĻС磬ս˴ΪʵֻΪɣĿĻΪ˶ȡ˵ȨԣҲýԼϡ
ںҲøл⻪ѧЭǻѧһӣѧһжӦõġʲôѣѧ綼ǿĺܣֻֽĿͶ˴޺
޻ڻģ뿪ģ
޺ԣû˵лĻٴ档
ͬС֮ǰ˵Ϊ⻪ѧЭḶ˺ܶࡣҪǣúˣȡָһ书⻪ѧЭĹЩٵĺ飬κС塢ġ
ʢٴŴ޺ļ򣬸谲οͬʱѡ
š
޺ͷ
״ǰΪ޺ȥˮ޺Ѹٵص
ˣΣսȻΪ˵ȨȴͷЭѵȨˣ
޺侲֮뵽ֻĸղǷеĹؼ¿ʵ
ûУġ
ʢЦҡҡͷȻ󽫴ֻ֪龭˴޺
ǡǸǿ˭
ʢ޺ͻ˾𾪲ѣдȼ̲֮סʵ
Ҳ֪ʢЦ

ʱһ㶡
޺۵ΪʢҲܱ¶Ǹ˵ݣ㿪ڲ⣬ΣսȫصѧŽһƳĻҩ
ս˾ǿ߼ս˼ǿľǿߣбʤ𣿡
սʤ
ֻŵ˵
Ϊʲô
޺һ
벽ǿ֮⣬С޵С
ֻ΢΢һЦǸо·Ѿطһսˡ




1859 ǽ
ѧͼûطȻѧ罻˵Ȩ񾳵Ļǿ֣߳սս
ѧѧ羭̸Уһ£ͷ˻ط硢ʢһѧ罫⻪ѧЭ顣
֮󣬻ѧѧ罫ǿڹϵǶ䣬˵Ȩʱ֤ս֮һʤӻʤ쵼

͵ط硢ƻġʢյҽԺ޺ҳͷڵͬʱڻѧѧ̸еĻس˲䴫ȫ޴𶯡
س¼Ļǽ֯
¼Ļȡطһ绰֪һУ
ϵ۰ѧǿߣ
ǸԻġѧǿһˣΪ֮ǰ˵սҶԻط֣Գ֣̤ƽս
ѧѧľǿ֮սջʤĻһ
طһս𣿣
¼Ļع֮ȫڸֳϡƽ̨Դ½顣
鵽һЩ˶ԵһʤطǷսִִһʡ
Ȼѧʵռţ벽ǿ࣬ǿ߲ûκơѧȻսǱȻаյģΪѧⳡʤ
ȻطսȾǿ߰Ϊǿʱ϶̣޷Щͻư벽ǿߵһǿ߰ᲢۡΪս
֧ѧһǲΪѧʤΪطûʸʵս
սıûеóѣȷˣѧЭͷνľǿ֮սֻ֮٣ʤ㡣ѧ̸ռŵǰ£ӦսΪȫ쵼Ϊѧʤ
Щ˵طûʵսģӽˮ𣿡
ģطɱǿ߰Ҳֹһɱ˸˵İ벽ǿ߻׺ôûʸʵսˣ
֯طһ֤ǰ벽ǿ֮µһˣսһΪѧƣ
ֻ֧ѧطһкܶ඼طķ˿
ڹȥط粻ϵ촫˵Ƕμ֤֧֣ѳΪط˷˿طս޲ʤѳΪе

ҽԺõһVIP
ȨλΪ⻪ѧЭ᳤Զڴϣɬؿ컨塣
ѡĸ᳤һվڲԣнͣҿ
һУֻΪǸղѾ֪˹ڻѧѧ̸Ļ
ǸĻǺŶԣУ
顪
Զͬʱűƿŵ̧˽
ৣ
ͻһĻԶӷлعɫʱһ䣬ʶʲô˪һ㣬ֱˡ
᳤ɫҲǴ󾪣ô£
ᡭ᳤Ǹղط磬Ǹ쵰˴ʦ֣ҡ
һŵӣδػ㱨
ʲô
һ᳤ŵӵĻһȲ
ңطǸ쵰˵ʮСʱ֮ڱ˳⻪ѧЭᣬ뿪˽֣񡭡š
ŵ˿ĭط֮ǰ˵Ļʵ㱨
⣡
ٴŵӵĻ㱨᳤ͷһ
ԭǵ֪ѧͻѧ̸֮о˲õԤУŵӵĻǵԤб֤ǵĺӵͷˣ
ᡭ᳤ô죿
һ᳤סԶʵɤϡ
᳤ҲˣԼͬؽĿͶԶ
һ
᳤ͼŵӵע£Զ̾˿ʣϳŰûڡ
꣬ŲԶ˰ɼ뽫ŷ󣬳Ϊѧںһģ
ΪĿ꣬˺ܶѪ˺ܶŬҲȡһɼ
ʱΪжԴ޺Թ޺ͼͶ˱ӵظսӡ
ųΪӡ
ѪȫһŽӺ⻪ѧЭҪ˽֣ǽ壡
ûڲѣ
ΪǸʱܹǰӣ˸˰ΣܾͶսĻڱУĶҲ䵽⸱ŻԱδĿܡ
ˣ
ԶĻ᳤ֱӳ˹ȵס
֣֡ΪʲôطǸΪʲôûѧΪʲôҪѧͷһеΪʲô
ͬʱڴ֮ǰķ״̬лعһ˼⡣
룬Լɡ
һ᳤״һ鱨ݸڡ

ʶؽӹ鱨ѸһСɵˡ
ˮ֮ץסһžݣԹ˵ءطǸӦûսڱ֮ɥ
һΣԶ᳤ûп
ΪطǷս޷ıδҵˣ
ͬʱ
ҽԺһVIPطٴνӵȵĵ绰
ط磬Ѿ֯ռսǿߵ鱨ˡ
绰ͨȿżɽ˵
лл㣬ȡطʾл
֯Ϊȫ鱨֯յ鱨ϢȻ֯й֮޲
鱨ûѧõӦս
ط磬֪㲻ϲˡ˺֮л
ٴοڣԹŹ֣֪ΪԼ쳣Ϊԭ򣬻һתڴҲҪĸлҼ֤Ƕһս񣡡




1860 غǿľǿ
֯Ǹĵ绰ط绰֮ƻʵ
ţռսǿߵϢշˡ
ƻĵѯطеЩ⣬δ룬ʵ
Ǹ㣬֮ǰڳǱʱƻ˵
ţ
طԣһ
ȻҲԼȳΪ̫˳һֱҲûж롣
͵ɣǻȥﱸѧ飬ʢ⻪ѧЭĺˣúˡ
ۿطĬƻ޺
ȻԻѧһαģҲ֪֯ṩϢǷȻ֯ĸȫ档
Ͼ֯ȫǿ鱨֯Ҵǧˣƾõʷǿĵ̣˭Ҳ֪֯ڸ֮䰲˶ߡ
õģƴʦȥæõҡ޺ͷ
ʢ߾ͽˣʲô⼰ʱϵ
ƻû޺˵ʢļ
ģһ鴦áʢ֣صͷҲ
ƻĲٷϻֱӴط뿪
Ŀʼû뿪ط磬ط뿪һ̣˵ʲôսߵĻ˻ȥ

һСʱƻĴط硢˻פɼʹݣʹݵĸ˽˼򵥵Ĺ֮ͨ󣬽ʹһ칫ҡ
طڰ칫ȷԼĻļ
ļPPTʽͼľУֱʾͶӰϣطƻġ˹ͬۿ
֯ṩ鱨ʾսľǿߺ;ǿ߰Ҫǵ鱨
ļʼĽ֮ձ̲סˡ
ļ˵սӵоǿ߶ʮǿ߰ʮˡ
ս֮Կ˶ľǿߣΪڹȥʮһֱȫǿĹңԸǿṩԴͱ޷ģȫǿ߶żǿ
ʵϣǿߣѧڵĸרҶˡ
壬ͳƵǶ٣طЩʡ
ǿ߶ʮһˣǿ߰ˡ
ձЩأ֯鱨֯ϴ֯鱨ģ֤֯鱨ܲλ
֯ѾãԹȫذߣصĶ鱨Ȳ֯пԭ
ƻĿյ˼һ䣬ȻطС磬ֱӿص㣬Ļͷȥо
á
طͷ֪ƻҪսʮǿ߰ϡ
ط罫ļܿ㿴ʮǿ֣߰Ȼ˳ͼĽܣǵ򣬴ʮһ
ط罫ʮľǿ߰ʱƻûٿûм
ΪƻҪʮǿ߰ȫһ顣
Ͼǽ֯ŵģδؾ׼ȷ
ӥᣬʮǰͻƾǿߣӵоǿ߰ʵ
ս֯鱨֮ǰսܼط緢ͻļӥսǿ߰ġ
طĬĬ鶼ƽֱλǿ߰ϺղЩɣ
ʲȻֻڵ
ƻط綼ûпǰûش𣬶طѹ֪ʲǺηʥ
ܿģط֪ͨʲǹӡڰһţСչֳ˼ֲѧ츳ԭҪΪӡڰǿˣƶӡڰ䣬һıһС
֮ǰԹӡڰ䷢Ϯִʵѹƣùӡڰܡ
գӡڰΪ˱סкأ츳ʲս
սõʲ֮㾡Դ
ʲսǿ߰еٮٮߣϣͻư벽񾳵֮һ
ڶǵһ˭
˵տʲʱֻǾȣôڶֱˡ
ΪĵӣҲսϸʱǿˣܶսδƶߣҲǹϵѧǿǿĴڣ
ǿ𣿡طοˣһ䡣
ǿʵӦòŷڵʥʦļ껡䴺ڲ֮䡣յͷ
طͫ΢΢Ŵ
Ϊտеǻѧǿ߰ǿĴˡ
һˡ
ƻʱҲˡ
á
ط˵ţٴιꡣ
Үޣսءǿľǿߡ
һҮϵĵһ仰
Ү޳زСչֳ޷ѧ츳սѩأδ˵Уδ뿪ս벽
ǣҮе߲°ˣÿһǸǿߣиʱľţ
Ү޵ڶϺط磬ƻնЩȻ
һδˣôܻɱôǿߣǲͬģ


1861 ҳ޵У
ûд𰸡
һ̣ط˶벻Ȼʼ֯ṩ鱨
ڹȥʮڣȫǿʧ鷢
Щ鶼սΪ
սĿ
һЩߵѪҺʵսѧ⣬ͬʱΪսƻҩ춨
ڶЩǿߵҮ޵֮ս֡
ЩҮУȫҮ޽սʱɱ
ңҮЩ˽֮սʱսûнκθԤ
Ҳ˵Ү֮սδйܼ
ȻֻҲὫҮսǿеһ
ԭǣȥ꣬ʲҮһսҰܡ
ʱս֣ʲ˻ᱻҮһлɱ
Үһս֮ͱչˣûгأ֪Ƿͻ˰벽񾳡
ط˶Ĭˡ
УطüĿ֮ӿֳ𾪡
ʶǳ֣֪ǵǿ
仰˵ûǹʽֻƾսǲǵġ
¼Ϸḻɱ顢սܵأҲûаտԻǣ͸˵껺䴺ˡ
ող͸©Ϣʲʵ൱껡䴺൱
һ£˵Ǻ껻䴺֣Ү޵Ķ֣ܣ
Ү޿һɱˣ
ƴʦ壬Ƿģ鱨ģҲĻɱҮޡ
ȹطƻ˱鲻ԾΪڵҮ޵ĴڻԻѧѧһսɾԵӰ죬㿪˵
С磬˱ɱ
ƻͳ˵ţӿֳ˿ֲɱ⡣
£ƻ뿪˷䡣
壬ƴʦôˣ
طЩɻһμƻԼǰʧء
С磬ʦʵһӽģҺʦҶ¡
ʦͬĴСչֳ˼ǿѧ츳
ѧ츳ʦ֮ϡ꣬еʦģ˵˼֡
ˣ
طһʶʲô
š
յͷ鲻Խס˫ȭҲǻ֯һԱִĳʱЩ꣬ǶΪ˺ڰУսУ׼ȷ˵ǸҮУ
壬Ϊʲôô϶
طһȻЩ⡣
Ϊѧڹȥʮ֮Уܹ֮ƵǿߵģһʦҶһġʦ£˽֪ս֯ṩ鱨Ү޵ɱ֮лĵǿߣֻģ
ս˫ȭͣüĿ֮ŭ⡣
ƻգʦͽҲͬӡ
նԣֵܣ
ֵมˮ棬ܲŭ
壬ģҮ޲սұȥڣ
طܹܵյıŭҲƻĸղΪʧأͬʱڣͻư벽ǿߣõĽұؽšͷ­ֽƴʦ
һ̣󣬵ᶨ
յĻӦƻĵĳŵ
š
ͷ
Ȼ֪طΪڿϺţ֪һֱطŵؼ

ͬʱ
սܲĳص˼ٵĵ绰
ৣ
һ޳ĺ˫ۡ
˵ˣʵ򵫴ȫ޷
űӤϸ塢ļͷںڣѪ糱
ǱˣҮޣ
ι
Үڵĵ绰Ͳͨ˵绰
֪绰ͷսֻԴ绰ӱչлѣδƺ
Үޣڳأ֮Ƕһ䡣
㲻˵ͻư벽֮ǰ𣿡
Ү޶λսƶ߲δֳ̫أ෴ɡ
ȣҪǰء
͡
һ£ҽͻư벽񾳣ȷҪǰأҮʡ
ⳡ䣬˵Ȩ
ԣһȻ˵ϵࡣ
á
Ү޼̵ػһ֣赭дȻֱӹҶ˵绰
ʼնûʶʲôˡûκ塣
Ϊ
֮ͬսδܹ
ͬߣܵסһɱС
һ㣬Ϊһ쿪ʼˣδ
ͬ޵Уδǿ
Űǿߵ۰׹ǣĥ־




1862 ǰ棿
Ƕǹ۹רūۿ޻ūǶĵط72-80䣬ǹ
Ƕַλ׶ģ˹㳡档
ϿԲΣʱԲεġ
ǶռԼ2ƽף᳤ԼΪ188ף᳤ԼΪ156ףԲܳԼ527ףΧǽԼ57ףӴĽɽĹڡ
ѧѧı䶨Уձˡ
ΪýǶǹżҪڲιۣһĻãǿ߼ı䣬пܻԽǶƻ
ΪˣѧѧЭֽ̣ĵص㶨ٸʥ˵ù㳡
Ҳȫѧٰĵط
ȫѧͬǣⳡ佫˵ȨδǳսָȨش󣬹ʶȫ֪Ĳʹ˾ûҿ̿ڣ»ᱻ¶ǣ
ͬȫѧٰǰϦһȫ߻ǣصľƵ۸ǣһͷΡ
ھٰصٸڱǰһзǣϽοͽ롣
ϣȫص߳ĴСȺѾԻͬʱҲһս
˵ѧѧ絽һʤ
ѧɳطսܷʤ֤Լȷдһ
ڶ۵Ľϡ
УطҪսϢ촫ġ
Ϣڶ̶̲ʮӵʱ㴫ȫ飬µ˽죬ȶȻ
һ棬ط̫Ĵ˵ʼվȫѧķ˿ڣֻҪе紵ݶǵĹע
һ棬ط绹ʮ꣬ȫѧһҪμǿľǿ֮߰սһĻ⡣
طʤζǿľǿߣٴδƺ͵ѧ¼
͵ȫصһսͬʱΪ͢ʥŮİҹɫٴ˽̻˹Сá
Ϊϰߣ·СԱǼӵʱʶؿһ۷䡣
ǿյģԴɪ󣬽͢ûµĽ̻ʻӶӳ
ˡ
̻˹ûʥĶվڴߣŴҹֱ֮ת
̻ʱ£ط絽ˡ
˹˸񣬿˵
֪
˹ͷ
Ϊ̻ʣȨƵ֮һǹŽ͢ڵĴˣϢҶ޷ġ
̻ʱ£ȥط硣
Ȼ֪ԼⱲӺط綼ûпˣ֪طִ֮бӿһͷͷԽԽǿңô˹ʾ
ڻѧѧ֮ǰ㲻Լ˹ܸɴؾܾ
Ϊʲô
ʶʵȻһĳͷЩ˼ؿ˹ѵΪѧʤ
ڱ֮ǰκԤⶼû壬˭޷֤һʤ
˹ҡҡͷȻ͵һջʤѧ磬ڱ֮ǰȥط磬͢鷳
̻ʱ£֪ˡ
ɫһδ顣
Ϊǽ͢ʥŮΪںܶʱĲֻǸˣ͢
̻ʱ£Ϊطʤ𣿡
֮ǰ̲סʳеɻ
֪˴λѧѧıΪ˫˲μӱ䣬ʤƣطǻѧĲѡ֮һ
ҪĶ˭
̻ɫԣֻѧҲʤĻ̳Ϊδǳսߣ֮
Ըӡ
ԣ΢΢ۣһľٶ
Ϊ˹֮ǻѧܣطʤսҲطȥ
ʱս˵ȨҪŪطһǳ׵飡
ͬʱ
һ׶طĿͻ׼ʱڻ䡣
һ˽˷ɻӢңӢרķԱճ˷Ա֮⣬ֻݿ³ϡ
³ӢҵĻӳҲֵߵˣݿȥȣҺͽ͢ϣһͬЭطɱڰǿߡ
£ܿء
ɻ֮ͣ³ݿһ˷ܵЦݣеЩ֡
ϿԼطˣȻİݿЦ˵
£طҪǿľǿ߱䣬ѵһ㶼Ϊ𣿡³ϲʵ
ΪʲôҪأݿһ䡣

³һȻ͵£ǻѧʧܣط䣬
䣬ѧҲ䡣ݿһЦ
Ϊʲô
³һ¡
ط˵ġ
ݿ΢Цգգ۾
֪ӺʱطäĿΣطĻŲɡ
£ŵĲŻȥһȲ
Ϊ֪طڻ
ͬһʱ䣬һŦԼĿͻҲ׼ʱؽݿרԱߵͣλ
ţ
ͣλԶطվӱֱǹȴݿ»˻˽˷ɻӡ졣
ѧţ
طһãԼпܻصҮڱǰ棡




1863 
ͷ֣طջĿ⣬û˿η塣
Ĳ²棬ǼܷɻѧųԱҲ޾塣
Ϊս׽Ҷһָͷ֮½֪ڹϾ͸ܶˡ
طעУݿ˽˷ɻŴ򿪣ݿ³ϵͬ£ڻſڣ˿˼󣬼سط֡
ط״΢΢һЦδݿ
Ϊڳֵˣȳݿȥ
ݿΪӢҵĹ⽻ȻҪ˽Ӵ
ݿ£ӭѾΪ׼;Ƶꡣ
ݿ·ɻӴԱһŮ΢Цӭϡ
ллǵĺ⣬ܱǸҪҵߡ
ݿǱʾлȻǸ˵
õģ¡Ҫȥǵĳǰǿ·
ŮԣδеȣϵЦݶδٰ֡
ȻͲµһǴˣһ׼һС⽻ǡ
ллȥһѡ
ݿ΢ЦŵͷȻ㳯طȥ
װķ磬һĵ顣
ݿܿߵطǰмѣȴؿţ˿ߡ
ݿҲһ
ط΢΢һЦҪǰǿ𣿡
԰㡭ô֪
ݿǵͷȻЩȣʶʲôԼĶͷ㿴ҺñǿߣȻܹǵĽ̸
طЦЦȻ³˹кã³ϴʦþò
شʦþòԽԽǿˣֱѧǧ겻ţ³΢Ц˵
ҲĻ
һμطʱطǶǿߣŹ˶þͳȫǿľǿ֮һˣ
£Ҫһ뿪
³طк΢΢Ϲݿ㱨
Ҳ߹ԭ
ݿ˽⣬Ļݣ
Ϊʲô
ݿüͷ΢΢һѾȲطˣôԸ˵ط罻̸
λŮԱ˵ǽӵ֪ͨѧŵĿͻˣͣԱߡҪ뿪֮󣬲뿪³˵ţָָǰ˽˷ɻ
ðɡ
ݿüͷ޿κεشӦ
ȻҲ֪ԼȻΪӢҹѧű㲻ʲôľҲġ
١ôų
ط΢΢ۣٴνĿͶǼӡĿͻ
ͬʱͻΪ׵ųԱҲĿͶطڵķ
ǸĻƤʲô
սľǿ߰ʲط磬̲סڡ
Ѿ֪˻ѧɳѡ֣ط硢Ǻ껡
ʵ䡢Үʶ۵ΪԼĶֻط磬Ϊϸ˽طһУһ۱ϳط硣
վߵӢҵĹݿӢҹϵܲӦݿġ
˵Ϊս⸺ˣƿս鱨طжд̵һϢָơ
Ļʦͽ˾ǽĿͶطڵĵط
УطԵݿ˼
Ŀ絶һ㶢ط磬ɭɱ⡣
ΪսδĽӰˣȻǵһμط磬طһָƣɱ
Ȼ
Ȼ޲ֽطɱҲ֪֡
ΨҮ˫۽գϢλϣһܡطûκεطֵĹע
ܿģ˽˷ɻھط硢ݿ³˲Զĵطͣ£Ⱥӻ߳
УΪףڶҮ޵ģʲ塣
֣طԿ϶֯ṩ鱨û⡪Үսǿľǿߣλǰ档
ͬʱҲЩ棬˻ܵϢ֯ôõģ
Ǹ˭Ϊʲôǰ棿
ͬʱ̽ӣǿİҮǰ·ɻһɡ
ط͸̽ӵעУֵĽӴԱ˶ݵĽ̸Ȼ
УһҮޡʲһһ񳵡
ܿģȳʻȥ
Ȼ
͵Үޡʲı·طʱͻȻͣ
սҪʲô
һĻ̽ӣгɻ
ݿ³˶ؿ
ΨطһƽսҪʲô⡪ˮڡ
һ̡
˵עУ񳵵ĳŴ򿪣ʲһЦضطƤӣúϧĻᣬһϡ죬һڱ䳡ϴͷ­
ͬҲμĻҺµطޱػӦ
ʲô˼ʲɱ
ҵĶ
طָָʲԱߵҮޡ
𣿡
ҮۣĮбطһۡ




1864 
ѧ˵ִӵҲˣ֮μӱľǿߡ֮г䡢ʲ֮⣬һλ
ѧе·ɻʱǰ棬ƺ仹ҪԺաѵսǿľǿߣҲѧɱﵣ˭
ѧ˵뿪ʱط߶ͣ˫йｻ֪˵ʲô

˳˳ǰְŵľƵʱ̽ӣ׷׽һнл㱨ϢѸӣȫÿһ䡣
УҮ޵ĳ֣˸Ĺע飬ڰ̳רš֯ý֯ء
ֵǣ֯ڰ̳ķ˲δ½Ү޵κϢ
֯Ҳ֪ѧеʲôˣ
֯δֱֲ²⣬д˶жϡ
ҲøҮ޸ӵĺ棡
һУط粢֪顣
뿪֮ݿ뿪˻ûֱǰƵ꣬ǴݿҹгЩ
װģʱ䲻ˣȥϢɡ
ݿطҹ֮΢Ц˵
ȻطĻᣬҲطͬСʤ»飬ЩͷֻԺһ㱻׳Ժˡ
Ϊı䣬طͻѧ塣
طŵظκ⣬ҲΪ˸Ӱ쵽طĴ¡
ǴŮ˲Żɵ顣
ΪӢҵĹһƿһǻ۹Ůˡ
ã㡣
ط翴ʱ䣬˵ͷ
֮ǰ֪ͨʮһǰϻȥƻҪı俪һʱԵĻ顣

طϵѧԱסʹݾƵԺʱƻѾڻˡ
ѧֻ˲ͬѧ˴μ㳲ݱȵȹۿطһսҪ
֡䵱ϵ֮⣬ڡɽɡҡҡļҵƶ߶ˡ
üŵȾдԵţҲ׷ˡ
֮⣬һЩСɵߺɵߣҲסʹݾƵ꣬ڵж
ƻģ㶨ʮһ㿪ᣬѾʮһˣط绹ûҲδ̫˰ɣ
ʱʮһʱ򣬻һ
䴺
ǿСΪڱչأδһͬǰ
ৡ
䴺һڣ˶ĿͶЩӡ
ԭƻĵİţ˴ζսɳ껡䴺طս䴺֪طҪս֮ǿҪ֯ˣطʵԴѧⳡ䣬ڵǸʡ
䴺飬ֱӱ֯ˣƻԷ
ֱ䴺˾ܾսľ
ƻĺͻ֯ðգþѧ硢ȫδһսطƽƻĺͻִ֯ս
䴺˵ǣ˶Ϊ䴺ط統ȫѧݣС˳ʦ̫鹢ڻ
ǰصĺҲҵδˣ
ĳ˵䴺Ϊǽƻĺͻ֯һ
Ȼ
û뵽ǣƻĺܸɴͬ䴺
ƻĵľ䴺ﱾ˺˵Ԥϣ䴺ﻹǸˣҲμӽĻ顣
طǻѧӢۺģκͻ֯бȻҪˡ
䴺Ļ䣬Ϊüŵĳʦ̫Ҳˡ
ԭΪ䴺ĸЩ䴺ʼѧҿĽᣬ䴺ȡϵ
˿̣䴺ԣ֧䴺
Ǹλʦˡ
ʱط
£طŶ룬˵ǰȻǸ
޷С磬Ҳոյʱ䡣΢΢һЦ
ͬʱټĻң䴺ͳʦ̫֮⣬˶ط籨΢Ц
һĻ䴺볾ʦ̫ɫЩ
ˣȻ˶ˣڿᡣ
ڻΪλõƻĿˣ󣬵˶ĻҽĿͶ
һսҪԣҶͲظ˵ˡ
ƻĿżɽҽټңһͬĳ˳
˴α䣬˫ˣʤƣ˳ûȷ
һ㣬൱Ҫ
Ȼ֮ǰȿһ¶ֵϡ
£ƻĽĿͶա
ѧμϢ
ᣬ̴򿪱ʼǱԡ
ܿģҮޡʲϢ˻ҵĴĻϡ
ԭղŴϢģҮ޵ļһѧеˣȻսǿľǿߣ
ܿ죬ŵſˣ֮𾪡
֮ǰ紫Ϣ֮󣬻ѧҲһʱյˣܶ˶ţսѩ˱ӿµľǿߡ
δڣҲǸеܾȡ
У껡ɫء
Ƕ֪䣬Ҳ֪ʵҮ޵ʵ֮ϣǸеѹ
٣
ŵĻ껡ɫأ䴺Цһֱӣһƻĸı⣬ֵļơ
Ϊƻĺͻ֯λطƽƱػط׼ʵСĶ֡
һſ̶ȵȷʤͱطİȫ
ѧǱðһǿľǿߣطսĻѧʤʽ󽵵͡ûаӮ䣬Ҫ˵صҮˣ
ǵģҮսѩصľǿߣݿɿ鱨ʵ֮ϡ
ƻĿڻӦţҲ᳡֤ʵϢ
ƻôһ˵䴺ͳʦ̫֮⣬˵ıҲǡһЩˡ
Ү޽ҡ
ʱط翪ˣ赭д˵һ΢С¡
ৡ
Ȼط⻰᳡˲ԼͬؽĿͶ
㣿
䴺ٴοˣһϷʵ˵Ǹʵ𣿡
طüͷһû
ԭҾͶƻĺͻ֯սʵԲμεı䣡ºڣҪսǸصҮޣҾúǻ
Ҳòٴһսϵѧδͻȫĸ֣
˵䴺ĿתƻģƻģȰ㲻ҪΪ˽ɴѧȫˣ
䴺֮ǰڻҮޣ˵Ҳ䵱Ķ֣ûʵμı䡣
һ̣ƻ˵طٴοڣǻӦ䴺Ҳ˱̬
ѿ֮ûʲô壬죬һʵжӦɣ




1865 ǿ
ţ
طĻ֪Ļƻġ֮⣬˶һ
Ȼ˶֪ط˺ܶഫ˵йɱ׳٣ǶΪط껡䴺ǿľǿ֮߰仹в࣬Ҫ˵Үˡ
ѵʵˣ
֮࣬ܶӿֳһɻ󣬵ܿзˡ
ΪǿظӦط粢δͻư벽񾳡
١Ҳ·ͷ
ݵľȹ䴺ٴοˣֻЦһȻԼʵôģϷдһϷ˼ʶһʵ
䴺ʲô˲μı䣬ɻֲָֻ֯ţ
һ̣ط翪ڣƻͻȻ֯սĻᣬԼԸս֯ѡ񣬵Ҳϣ㲻ҪԤ֯ľ
ƻģ㡭ǵҵĶ֣ӶӰ쵽ƽļƻɣ䴺ԣЩջ𣬶Ц
䴺μӻֻΪɻ֯ľڳȥ
ƻѾطй֪ͨطдˡǹĵʽ𣬵һɱﵣҲƴʽȻܵڶ䴺ʩչ
㡭
䴺òᣬ͵ЦãããƻģҵҪСôǸҮޣ
£䴺һ˦ӣ뿪˻᳡
Сӣ֪֮ͲҪѧˣ
ͬʱüųʦ̫ҲվطЦһȻ䴺ĽŲ뿪
Σλʦ˵һҹڳ˳
䴺ͳʦ̫뿪֮Ϊŵ޵ˣǷҲԲգͨղŹۿϣǶ֪ѧս֮УǸصҮǿ֮ʲ
֮⣬ҸղҲһ±עջ֯ʵǿ껴ʦһĴڡ
ǸҮʵ֮ϣ˵ǿľǿ߶Ϊ
һ£Үһսʤ㼫͡
ϷҸ˽ʹԡ
£޵ĿͶƻġ
ղţط˵ҪӦսҮ֮޵ͻɻ֯ǲԻ֣ӶﵽĿġ
ţ
Ȼ޵Ļƻġպط֮⣬ǰһ
һ̣ǼȾ޵еҲ޵֮
ǴһǰᣬҪƶϳս˵ĳ˳򡣡
ƻĵͷ׼ļƻط粢δƥ෴طǿطղѾ˵ҪͨʵжΪԼƻҲûȥ͡
طȻҲûȥʲô
Ϊ϶֣Ҷ֡ǿʤˣµڶˣҮѹ󡣡
ʹпҲôһɳѡ֣
ڿԿ϶ǣӦûҮѹҪ۵ǣʲ֮䵽˭ȳս

󣬻
޵ש֮˷׷׷ԼĹ۵㣬˶бۡ
һСʱƻѹѹ֡
ƻĵľٶ˷׷ֹۣͣҺܿ찲
лλʦĽ飬һؿǺ;ҷԱս˳ʱ䲻ˣȻȥϢɡ
ƻĿ˵껡Ǻط¡
õģΡ
˷׷ط硢껡ǻնûж
С磬㲻аջǸҮްɣ
ȥ֮Щʵ
ҴӦƴʦձɱҮޣ
طӸ𸴣ᶨš

طĻܵط֮еţ껺Ƕһ𾪡
ԭΪƻطսΪԻ֣ﵽĿģѹ
һͬʱǶܺ棺طһ㣿
С
Ӧǵƻĵ֪ĵƣʲô֪ˡ
ƻģ˵ѾӮһˣ
껻ع񣬿ʵȻЩš
ô˵
ƻĵͷȻʵ껣ǣ׼˭ȳ
ȳɡ
΢ȻԷǸҮ޼пѹҳսһ䣬ҲʿԻʤ
ͬĴʦ顣
ǵһʱ̬֧֣ȻҲٽͻư벽񾳣ҲսǱȲ껵ġ
ǺãȳΣС󡣡
ƻҲֱİ壬ȻˣһȥϢɡŵ㣬׼ʱھƵ˳ǰʥ˵ù㳡
á
ط˵ͷȻ뿪˻ҡ
طصԼʱ𡢼ԡӥѾڷˡ
˴ΣҲԵļ塢ƶ
һսǿľǿ֮߰սҲִѧҪһսֳܹ֤ǽѧżĺô
֮ڷط磬ΪǸղѾ֪طҪӭսսءǿҮޣ
ֵܣȻһֱΣ˵ǸҮʵ껴ʦ֮ϣȷҪս
˼طţ׷ֱӿʳеɻ
£ϻٶ¶˵ǡ
š
طͷȻһǣõģսʤ
ΪΪʲô
˲Լͬؿڣд˾ɡ
֮ǰ˵ȻһֱطģҲ֪֮֮ǰطս
ط粢δͻƣʲôҮޣ
ڼ䣬дһʽɱС
ط绺ڣԼĵƣ벽֮£ܵ




1866 ѵһĳ
Ϊ˾ٰ컪ѧѧⳡ䣬ٸԽ͢ǳӣٰͬѧһǰֹοͽٸԲ˵ʥ˵ù㳡ʱ̨мճһֱ׵ı䳡ء
ȻΪⳡĹԶѧڵݶƣΪˣ̨̫ࡣ
ʱΪʮ㣬͢Ϊ˷ֹԱӵ˵ӱ㿪ţڽ롣
ÿһλҪɸѧ֯ɳĴӦ֤ݣͬʱҪܼΪϸİȫ顣
˵ȫصߣ㿪ʼ½ٸԡ
ȵŵӵʱʥ˵ù㳡ʱĹϯ˹ϯ֮⣬ֻʣһСλˡ
ǿרߵġ
߲߲ͬδڽ룬ٸԵڼϡȴ׼뻪ѧһͬ롣
ǽʥ˵ù㳡֮һߵȴű俪ʼһ߽ͷӶۡ
۵
һǻѧѧһʤ
طܷսʤ֣
صҮ޵жǿ
ǳ˹עⳡʤ֮⣬ͬעطҮޡ
طһֱȫѧ˿ڵҮΪΪսءǿľǿߣΪȫѧġǡ
쿴̫ˣ
ŵչ̫ƶ߼ڣǿڶͼǿߣʥ˵ù㳡
ƿ󰡡
̫ǿ˿ϯɽ˺̲ס̾һ
ⳡϵδȨǳսָȨӰ쵽ȫδĸ֣Ӱִѧ֮Ȼƴ󡣡
ɫڶȱ俪ʼ֮Ҫۿȡջ񡣡
ҵۿֻ¿Ĺ̡
ڶЦֻ۷ǿߣ뿴ǿ֮߰Ľ֣ûпܡ
ԣҪٴοڣȴ̻˹˳֣Լһӭ㽫ߵĻ˻ȥ
ãڴʦӭٸԡ
ܿ죬˹ӭϼһˣ΢ЦŻӭ
лл
˹̻ʡ
΢΢һЦڶڣǷ׷˹ʺá
ҵʦĪá
˹ڶ˻˸Ȼڷ롣
õġ
ںܸɴĴӦˡ
Ϊ֪ǽ͢Ϊ췽ǣҲǹŽ͢ƶĪ˻ͨⳡԼδǳս顣
󣬼ڸ˹ǰãڶǰϯȴ俪ʼ
ձ̵ˣ
ԼĪʮ֮ձ̵ƶ߾̣Ҳʥ˵ù㳡
̫ֻ̻ͬдһˡ
ձѧŴαطͻѧ确ѵ澡ʧ˴ξǰսȻôġ
ͬһ̵ֱִ֮ӱ˹뵽˽á
ӡŷڵҲˣ
󣬵ǰõʱӡŷڵƶдҲˡ
ͬձ̵һдֻһӵоǿʵɮˡ
Ƕɳʵ𣿡
ӡŷִ֮ĶǶɳʵ֯ҲƶԴӣʮӴλ
ѧǿ˰ɳҲС
ֲִʱ򣬰ɳڶ׵һͬѡ֧ط磬ӶӡŷڵǿĦڭսΪ׵ǿͳͳطɱ
̩ɣҲˣ
Ӣ۾ȻҲˣǰͿ
˹¼峤ˣ
֯ƶϯߴҲˣ

һЩȫ֪ƶҲ׷׵ˣûܵǰáĴ
ȻҲ˵һӣҲа벽ǿ򣬵ʵ̫ձ̵ͶɳʵᲢۡ
һ£˵ĳЩشϣûн;ȨִֻС
ȻҲѡִУˣǳս
֯
֯Թ񣬴δڰս
ȫ˶ˣƶԵֱǰѵһĳ棡
ǰⳡִѧҪģû֮һ

ۿȫ˶ˣϯϲ̲ס̾
ͬʱΪŽ͢ǿ˵Ŀ׵ʥ˵ù㳡ϯ
ɳġڶּˡ
׵΢Цƶʺֱ֮ڶͰɳĵԡ
ǰû뵽ǻΪ˹ۿطı档
ڶȿڻӦͬʱ̾ط˶̵ʱڣӵ˾ǿ߰ʵֱţ
ǲһһڵǳжо֤һ㡣ɳɫӵ˵
ɳĵĻ׵ٺڶ˲ˣط統ʱΪ׵ս˺ӡŷڴĦڭΧƣطͻƣǿƴɵˡ
ʱǶ𾪵Ըӣ˿ҲǰԸ̾طܹͻƣʵڲ˼顣
գط绹˵𣿡
вԼͬӿֳһʡ




1867 
طҲӦÿ쵽˰ɣ
ɻӿ֣ڶ¶ڴʵ
ˡ
׵˵ţĿͶ˹㳡ڡ
˳ſ׵ٵĿ⿴ȥԿƻĴطȻѧϰԻĵߣƺƵصִ˹㳡
ѧôư
ⲻϻ𣿻ѧȫǿѧǽձǣȻҪöһЩ
Ҳ֪صǿûһ
ͬʱǹϯǹϯ˶ĿͶ˹㳡ڣƻĺط۷׷ס
˵עӺУƻı˹ߣǰãط껵ȻѧŹϯЩϯ
طߵĹУܹظܵһЩĿ̺ɱ⡣
ЩĿ˷ֱӡŷǿߡձ̵̻д̡ۡͿԼɣ
Դˣط⣬ֱ˿׵١ڶͰɳˡ
طӳӭٸԣ
׵ӭط磬طк
طӳ֪ȫѧĹھڶҲ˹
طӳڴ˵ɳ΢Цף
ллܸ˼ǡ
ط΢ЦŻӦˣȻһͬ
١ط磬󣡡
󣬲طһ
д̣ų̻ʣҲձ̵ָһƶߡ
£дɱӿ֣ɱǸо޲̽طʬΣ
ৡ
Ȼд̵Ļϯ˲ԼͬؽĿͶط硣
˶֪طձ̵ĳԹ˿дط磬뿴طķӦ
̻ʣˡ
ʱ̻ʲԶӡŷڵɮ
пӣӡŷھǿǿĴڣҲδƶߡ
֮ԶطӣΪӡŷڳѧѹƣΪİͽӡŷڵǿĦڭطС
Ӵʦɲ˵Ŵε촫˵ˡ
ӵĻ䣬һ
һΣ֮Ӣ峤Ϳ
ǿ˺ͰͿĵܵܰˣطУطĺȫС
ǸֹͿԳ֣ǰĻɱط硣
ৣ
ŰͿڣڹϯԵݿɫˡ
ط巢ͻȫΪӢܹڹȥʱƽ£Ҳȫ鹦ط硣
طսܿˣҲ嵽˿壬ÿ岻ҶӢҳ֡
һ£Ϳд̡һͬط緢ѣݿЩ
ݿͬطϽȣûеǣһȤƺ뿴طӦԡ
𣿡
һ̣˵עУط翪ڣҼ޳طǰĿⲻƵɨд̡ӺͰͿˡ
ܣǷ㡣
޵Ҳˡ
ط罻࣬һ·֤طɳطϺðƽѵΪͰų˿ڶʱд̡ӺͰͿط磬Ȼ⡣

ͬʱ껡ڣѧŵ˶˹վطԣǸо·ֻҪطһ£Ҫֽѵд̡ӺͰͿˡ
١ǿɲǻѧ硣
Իѧѹȣдһ޾壬ЦֻΪڱбɱ
СӣͲˡ
ٴд̵Ļط翪ˣȻϴˢձѧĳĻǿԳñ仹ûʼȥһţȨˣô
ৣ
дԣɫһ䣬վûгӦս
ǲ룬ǲҡ
Ϊձ̵طʵطʵ֮£˴λѧɳطսȷһ㡪û˿տԻط磡
οóĲǱɱǰɱ
СӲңأ
طֽĿͶӺͰͿˡ

ǿӣǰͿǶдһûпӦս
Ϊͬû˿տԻط磡
һӦսɱĻΪӡŷںͿľ޴裡
ˣĶսˡ
ʱۣĮؿطһۡ
쿴ѧҲˣ
ĸҮޣ
ڶڶŵǸ𣿡
۵Ļ䣬ֳ˾ȺѰҮ޵Ӱ
ͬʱ˶׷׽ĿͶ˹㳡ڡ
һ̣ǺȻΪ׵ѧų˹㳡ڡ
ǰ䡢ʲҮˣҮ޾С
ԾҮޱ飬ȫ⡣
֮⣬Ҳû䡢ʲĿͶϯѧųԱĿбӣ˾ֱǰߡ
һֱ̣ӽѧ˵˿
ΪУһѧľǿߵǳ䣬һ߱ʬ壡
ͬʱط˸λ
طӳ˵ǸҮȫǿľǿߣǧܸս
ɳļ״ͻȻߵطԣѹڡ
˿̣ط磬ҲǱɳʵֻ֧ѧ磡
лл
ط΢Цл
ʼգûȥҮһۡ

ڱ䳡ϣȭͷӦҮޡ˭䣿




1868 ս˳
ͬƻĵȸƶһִʥ˵ù㳡֮󣬽̻˹ӭӣǰá
Үޡ䡢ʲ˾ֱŹϯ
һĻۺͰͿӣձ̵д̡ӡŷڿӣɣ˷׷ӭӡ
ǱʾأҲǼӵ֤վѧӪ
͢ǿ˿׵١̫Ҳվд̵顢
ɳʵڻѧ˵Աߣһ޶ԣͬҲ̬ȡ
кѧڹϯһˣ֧ܶߣ뻪ѧ߿νӷ
һʱ䣬ϯķΧЩ졢ѹ֣һεɱͻҩζѾʼڿͬսǰĶ
˶ֻ֪Ҫȸƶ߳ãʥ˵ù㳡ᱻƣս졣
ʮӵʱ򣬰ƻڣƶһͬʥ˵ù㳡
УϽ̻Īм䣬ƻ־ҡ
֮ˣΪ͢Ǵ˴αľٰ췽ҲΪƻ˭ߵм䶼ʡǻݡλϸ߳Է
λΣЩϸ΢ϸڣںܶҪǼҪ͹ؼģݲó
͢Ȼ᷸Ĵվӣ͢һֱġ
ƻĵ˵ĳ֣ټʥ˵ù㳡˲䰲˶ĿͶǡ
ǲǸƶߣҲֵǿһˣ۷壬δǳսĽֵı仯
ܿģ˵עУƻĵߵ˹ϯȻ˸Եλϣ˹һ˹㳡м䡣
λӭٸԡ
˹ڣȻķ񣬶Ըߵĵʾӭ
žžž
˹Ļ£쳹㳡Ͽա
λɵׯ԰Э̾ѧѧڴ˽һǿ֮ı䣬˫߽б䣬ʤơ
˹ֱͦӣٴοڣ쳹ȫÿһһոԼ˴αʤһδ齨ˣ쵼ָӡ
˹⻰ȫһƬ
ȻߣⳡĿĺ嶼һۼ֤ⳡִѧҪı䡣
뻪ѧѧĴݽ˫߳
˹ɤӣٴο˵
Ҫʼˣ
˫ôű󣿡
طĶֻ˭
Үֻ˭󣿣

һΣ˹Ļ£ȫ߶ֵúܼ
Ȼֹ
ֳЩؿѧŵպѧͬʱ߳ϯ
ţ
⿴ѧ߾Ȼգüͷһɫ˲üΪ
ΪյݡλʵѹԵȡѧյݽǶѧ裡
Ȼ
ȻвˬѾҲ޷˻ȥȡֻ֮˹
£߶ھٶ£֮䣬˹ԡ
⡭ǰ벽ǿߵٶ𣿡
һĻȫǴ󾪣ȻǴ˼ѪһֳķΧҲڡ
ͬʱ˿Ӱ죬һŲæ˹ÿһߵúܳȡ
һַ̣ʽȫˣѧֵС㼡⡣
ѧһκ޷ʵǵɽ
ǿʵţҲǡǿߡ̬
˵עУһߵ˹ԣȻ֮ͬǰһеŷ⽻˹
ѧѧѽ˫߳ңҵ
˹ӹŷ⣬ٴοڣȻȴݸǸŷ⣬óһֽ
ɲǼ䣬ȫһƬ˵Ŀⶼۼ˹ϣͬʱ䣬ϸ
ѧλߵĳ˳ʲ䡢Үޣ
˹ͫ΢΢ڹ
ȻҮѹ󣡡
ѧ˳ǿ
ѧĳ˳ʲô
ֳٴַܿ׷ױͣһؿ˹յݽŷ⣬ֽš
һ̡
ؿΪ̻͢ʵ˹ڿ֮ɫˣ۾ɵùԲǱˡ
ʲô
ͻһĻ˶еЩɻ
УŤͷ͵ջΪ˱ǿ߷緶ûһͬĵȴ
һ룬룬롭
ʱ˵š
ѧȳ껣ǣط磡
ڣȲĵȴУ˹˻ѧ߳˳




1869 㵽Ϊֹ
ϵ۰ط羹ȻҪҮ޶Ծ
սһȫһƬȻ
ڹϯЩ߶ԣǳںⳡһʤ֮⣬ĵľطҮ޵ı֡
׼ȷ˵֪طҮ޵жǿ
񣬰˹˫ս˳ط罫Ү޶Ծܲ𶯣
ǣϯЩĴҲǱ˳
Уձ̵ӡŷڡ塢ƿ˼Ĵ˺ɣһЦ
Ϊǿ˳ѧ缫˵ǩⲻҮ޻ط練ƣ
Ƕˣοѧˣ
һ̣ڣѧŵĳԱһ⣬Ǹо·ѾⳡյĽ
ΪԸ⿴Ķ˳
뻪ѧһѧҲٿʱ飬ֳ˳
Ը⿴ĶVSʲVS䡪˫忪˲ȷԡ
˿̵ĳ˳ϣġǿǿ䡢ҮʵռţҮһ
ͬʱ̫͢ˣи̾ѡ
һֱǶߣûȷֻ̬֧ѧѧ֮еκһ
»ѧһʼȡȻǶûб̬
ΪǼţѧ粻׾ٵó˵Ȩ
ʵӡ֤ǵĲ²⡣
ѧԺ⻪ѧЭɣץʢطˣȻѧ罻Ȩû뵽ѧ˸׳нֻ죬ķ
ʱǶΪѧȨʮþˣȴû뵽ƻĻͬѧı䷽
˫ս˳ѧʮѧⳡʤĸʴ
һѧñʤѧڽ˵Ȩøѧ磡
⡭Ǿãѧ̫ˣҲ̫ϧˣ
ƻĴʦս˳Ǻܲ㵱ӦôӦⳡġ
ϯһˣɳʵƶŤͷƻ̾˿Ͷɳʵʼֻ֧ѧġ
޷
ƻĵһЦһ
ѧУǩƻΪ׵Ļѧţγǣ
һ̣ƻģ껡ڣлĴŵĳԱһĵ
һĻԭطݿ˲١
֯СǸӼţطһս
Ϊս֯ռ鱨սʤʲⲻǿսʤĸʺܵ͡
һⳡľԳǵطҮ޵ĶԾ
ʲô
ͬʱڣϯҲ˻ѧߺܵоЩɻ
ԣɻֻһ˲䣬ָܿһŵģ
ţǣҮ޻ط
ʦմʦǻصԵλ
ڹϯϸ˼ͬʱ㳡м䣬˹ŷֱݸա
ӵǻѧŷ⣬սӵѧŷ⡣
˹Ϊ֪ûڹ˳¡
лл̻ʡ
Ƚӹŷ⣬
лл
Ȼ˵ʱЦɨһۣٲȻһʤߵ̬
ռ״˼һûκαʾֱŷ⣬Źϯȥ
˫ս˳򹫲ϣ˵ⳡĹ򡣡
ۿصϯϣ˹ٴοڣ쳹㳡һα䲻ƣ˫øַʽսЯ
ڶ˫ڱ˿䣬һɱԶֹ
ǰ䣬ĳһȫʤʤĹ涨佫ٽС
ģαĲɽ͢ڽ̲ͼΣ
˹һ˵ڱαĹ涨ǻѧţѧţû顪ڴ֮ǰƻڽѾ͹һ£
棬뻪ѧ껴ʦѧʲʦͲмͼ
ۿ˶Ա涨飬˹ٷϻֱ˫Ͳг
˹Ļ£ʲͬʱ
ৣ
ʲ֮ǰһ磬ܿӵ˹㳡м䣬һ˹ȥʲ׶վ
ףھǿ߰ԣգ֮
~
Ҫʼˣ
ۿʲԶվϯϵ߼ѣ˸۸ߺ
λ˹̻ʸղѾ涨˵úˣҾͲظˡ
ͬһʱ䣬βеļͼƾճʲ֮䣬˵˫ⳡ仹ʲôɻ𣿡
ͼһڣϯЩ˲ͣԼͬؽĿͶʲˡ
ûС
ʲͬӦͬʱд߶ھѪڣ˲¡
俪ʼ
ͼԣٷϻֱ俪ʼ
ȫסŹ㳡ġ
껣䣬ѧ䶨ˣⳡѾʧȥ塪ѧȡյʤ
˵עУ껣ʲûֱӳ֣ʲһЦؿڣԣ㲻ƴдһѧͺãǻһ˵е㵽Ϊֹ
㡭
üڻӦ
Ȼ
ʱ

һƿȻ
ʲͬһ磬ٳɱ
˵㵽Ϊֹȴͻɱ֣




1870 ʤ
ѧٿʱʱʲ껣ƴҲûйϵ֮⣬ʲܹ껡
Ͼսռ鱨ļǻѧϡءǿļÿһˣͬǿĴڡ
ѧԱҲΪ
Ȼ
ʲԼȴô
ΪԼȫһսδؾûϣ껣
ΪˣбһͨһսΪԼ
ղţڴѧƣʵӰ͸껣ȻͻȻ֣ͼһֲ
죡
һ̣ʲƴﵽۣٶȿ磬֮䣬ɱ껵ǰ
䡪
˵ȭӡ
ʲұ˳һȭڵھתͬڵĽһ㣬ӿұۣȭȭͷͬڵһ껡
ȭӣȭ֡
޵С
һ̣ʲ־ᶨϰȭȭ⣬磬㰡о·һɽҲҪƽ
ͬʱһȭХϯ
ȭ֣ȭХ
ʲһ֣ɱСս񱬡
ҪԼȡľѻᣬǿɱУһȭشɱñʤ֤Լ
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
ʲֲ׵һȭ껲㲻Ѫڣھӿұ϶£Ȼն䡣
ٵظ
һ̣ļ洫书̹ſ죬һ

ɲǼ䣬ըѣһΪֲľ磬һ𣬺ХֱӽХȭɢϯʲ
ʲ˫۴ʹ۾гһ϶ȭƲ
䡪
껵ƺݺݵʲȭ֮ϣ˫ھͬʱŷͬڵײըµϯȫ֡
Ӱֿʲ˲ܿƳȥµĵשըƬϯͬӵɨһķ
ž
ž
ž

ʲһ˾ŲסΡ
£ֻѿѪ߰ߣұǴһ΢΢£ѪϢҡ
껣ͬһɽһԭأ˿ƽȣ˿ûܵղһӰ죬ʲγĶԱȡ
һǿУ
ʲ껿֮ͻɱ֣ҶǿɱУ޷˵껷ֺǽԼˡ
껴ʦ䣡
껴ʦʤ
ѧʤ
һĻϯĳЩȫصĻߣ׷׼ش
ȻûпʲḶֹ̌˫ֵĽ֪ռϷ硣
ǣϯϣӥ䡢ԺҲǸŴ󺰡
ͬʱѧڵĹϯǹϯڵ򣬶һƬĬ
Ȼڱ֮ǰ׼ʲ껵Ķ֣һ֮ǻЩơ
Ϊڴ֮ǰҲʲ껡
СҲϷǰŪ
ʱ㳡ϣ껵ͺһӦʲ֮ǰ͵Ϯ졣
䣬껵Ƹһ¥ʲÿһƴؼߣǧڳ棬ƺƵ

ļ˵Ѫơ
һʮᡣ
ļ洫书ľ衣
ղţ껽ھϣһʲ˿תΪȴڳ֣ǻʲƲ
ƣ
ѹˣƵУ
ʲˣ
һĻܵױȵƣǳеļͼǹ㳡벽ǿߣжӿֳ
ǿղһʲõĻᣬҲΨһĻᣡ

·Ϊ˻ӦͼȰ벽ǿƵģھŲƿֲ£һڣȻ٣ֱӴһ
䣡
˲ʲǰֳſһ󸫣ʲͷ¡
ৣ
ʲɫһ䣬ֱӳˡ
ΪܹظܵһԶڵһ
һǿɱУ·磬˿ĸӲӣ
껵Ƽʲն䣬ʲµĲӰ




һУ껲ͣӰ棬겻ɢƵʼոʲһһκ䣬ԽԽͣս·
һŸÿһףƷӵ쾡¡
˿ֲĹʲм֮ɥ֮Ȯһ㣬Ӵܡ
ھŸ
һ껵ĳٶͻȻ쵽˼£
ͻȻıֵٶȺͽ࣬ȫʲԤϡ
Σʱ̣ʲ޷㿪ֻƾǿսܣٶŲԴܿҪλͬʱƫӣ㿪
һ̣ʲѾսܷӵ˼£Ȼˡ
飡
껵ʲļͷƴ
꣡
ʲҼι˲ѣһƬѪģ
ۡ
ͬʱʲ˵ɶѪ磬Ѫھҡ
ͨ
ʲɳȥʮԶȻݺݵڵϣµĵשҵ÷鲻˵ҳһӣɼһ֮ǿ
ˣ
һĻжӿֳһͷ
·Ϊӡ֤˵жƵģһɹûм֣Ǹֶʲ
ҡ䣬ۡ
ʲ䣬³һѪ
ԣתԼλ
Ϊѧȡʤ




1871 ǿƣ
껴ʦ䣡
ѧʤ

ʲڵٴα˼ĺ
Ϊ껵ʤеΪΪ߶е
ǽȻ෴ǣЩڹϯϵߣһĬɫǳѿ
ڹȥͣһֱǿĹҡ
ǿ涼ǿ
ĵдգҲǹԽС
˼ҲȾߣһֱϻѧǿ
뿴̨Щ߲ͬڣЩѧŵĳԱڶݵʧ󣬶ָ˵
ΪǵļƻУʲⳡûбϣֻĴһ˿ˣ
ǣձ̵ӡŷڵ֧ѧˣܵ
һ䣬ѧʤ
ͬʱ㳡м䣬ΪеļͼʲȾѪվ˵һĽ
ʲɫѿطһҩȻϯٶȺ֮ʱγ˽Ȼķ
ԣٶȷعϯ뿪㳡ղű껻ˣ˿ھתܵӰ죬ǿתĻӾһ书
ʲҰ㱨𡣡
ʲ»صλϺһ˵
Үȴû֨
ΪʶĶѾһ߱ʬˡ
棬뻪ѧǴʦѧʦǳ
Ļ䣬ͼٴ쳹㳡
ৣ
ͼȻһͬҵļ㳡м䣬ٶȱ֮ǰʲ죬ֳ˾ǿ߼벽ǿߣ˸޷塣
ǣ
Ӱڹ㳡мͣ£Ŀɨϯѧͺȡ

ͺһȫһƬȻ
ѧǿƣ
Ү޳֮ǰ䱻ΪѧǿľǿߣȻǿơ
ӣⲻҪѧӮµڶɱѧǰ

ϯϣȫصߣ۷׷ס
ϯϣǸոĻɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ϊڵƶߣǻȫѧǿľʿǿ֮һҲϣΪһλ벽ǿߵˣȫѧźܴ
һ£Ȼ
ǣɳ嶯
ƻĿǵı仯֪Щѻ𣬵ǿѡ
ڻרȥǵķ䣬صǽ˹ͨ
á
ǵͷȻһϯŹ㳡мȥ
ܿģ㳡м䣬Զվͬס
ȫž˶ĿͶˣȴű俪ʼ
˶Աʲô𣿡
ͼвְ𣬿ڴ˹㳡İ
û飬俪ʼɣĺµ
˵ǿƣ˿Ϊ͢ڽ̲ӵа벽ʵļͼӡ
£ڵѪ׷ڣ˲˼£ɢǿ󡢿µϢ
ʦʤ
򱬻ĺУ
һΣϯЩ߷׷״ӦĻ
ձߡӡ߶ˡ
Ƕ֪ձѧ硢ӡѧ뻪ѧĳԹᶨ֧ѧδˡ
ͼʦû顣
˫ֺʮͼ˸ͬʱд߶ھӭս׼
á
ͼǻ˸Ȼŵ俪ʼ
ĺУµ
żͼĻ£һһŶأըͬһڹ⣬ǡ
һʼѡνǿƵ˼¡
ھӿһΣ˷ӭϼͼһҪӲƴļơ
׾룬գұ𣬼ȭ
ţ
ʱȻ٣һ٣Ȼ
ҪӲƴȴǰԤУͼַͨʽ㿪ĹȻתΪеһ
Ȼ
Ԥϵǣѹûгȭ
ǵġ
俴ǿޱȣʵҲ𹥣ǵԤˣ

ʱͬһǰЦŻӳԼȭȫǡ
䡪
һȭըȭ˲佫ϯµȭȫ֣Ƕ޿ɶ㡣
䲻ʶǵԤУյѳʱһֱսǿѧսȭռɱСս񱬡Ҫһȭɱ
Σʱ̣ûоţƾḻɱǿսܣ˫ͬʱӳ
ž
ž
촫ǵ˫ȺȭϣͼıĹ򣬻ɱС
Ȼ
һȭֲǵ˫ָȭͷ㱻𿪡
ȭܵĻƫ幫֡
幫̵֣ܶľ룬Ƕԣ롣
ô˻ᣬǽŲ󳷣Ӻ
һ̡
ȭǵӶµȭ˫ĿʹرϣϺëǸ

ʱ
ƿ
һȭգûȭֱӱȭΪƵһֵնǡ
У޷νӡ
ոնɱе䣬ûκͣЪֱӱУھת˿ܵӰ졣
ɱ
һУ䶯õĲսľѧǺڰ̿˴еɱС
һ̣ͻȻУһֲ˵ұٶȼ죬ֺҪһնǵĲ
Σ٣˫ۣƾǿսܣȻ˫ۣǰͬʱھۼ˫֮ϣз
飡
촫һֵնǵ˫ۣµھк
꣡
ƾۺھǿյصסһǾɱ˫۹óϸ΢Ѻۣ˲ܿƵسȥ
ž
ž
ž

μٱˣѪµ׷ը
ҡ
;УѸȶѪھͬʱҪ䡣
ƻصؽġ
Ȼطо԰ջɱҮޣôӮµһǰ£ǲƴǲУ볡
ȥ
Ȼ
ʱһӲؽǵû
겻ɢٶȷӵ£׷ǣһȭǵԴ
ȫǿĻᣬҪһȭǴ򱬣




1872 ˣ
ৣ
һĻطڣлѧžǿʵϵˣɫǴ䣡
һ̣ǵϳŵŭ
ǣΪǶʵ䣬ڸղŵĽдƣȥˣѵֵɱһ
ŭΪһҡ֣֪Ҫ䡣
䲻ڴǵĻҪûǻɱ
Ȼ
ŭŭطƻڣֻܸż
˿̣Ҫֹ䣬Ҳˡ
ط˽Ȼ෴Ϊ׵ųԱձ̵ӡŷڵ֧ѧľǿǣЦѣǸо·ѾǱһȭ򱬵ĳˡ
ʱ·һֹͣ˵Ŀⶼ۽ϡ

˵עУһŭԭЩŤüĿ֮ŭ⣬˫ĿƵġ
ΪƻĵѣԵǳ֮󣬲ûѡҲûӲƴ볢ȡʤʶƣұһֵնõˣˡ
̹ȻˣȻƻĵĶ䣬ⳡ䡣
ͬһʲ֮ѡһ
ʱ껲δʤ׷ʲ³
˿̣ȴ껽Ȼ෴ƲˣĻᶼǣ
Ҳֻ
Ǳŭˣ
ŭеǣѪ·Ҫȼһ㣬ھӿұۣȭ֮ϣȻһȭ䡣
֮ŭ
һ̣ͬһ𱻼ŭĹŷھѪս⡢ŭȫںһƶȻǿֲҶڴ书ĦȭеĿɱС
䡪
һ̣ȭݺݵײһͬƶɽײƾˡ
ھŷϯȫ֡
꣡
ţϹ
ǵȭֹѿȾѪ˱õɶ
ۡ
ڿУſһѪɫ˲Щ԰ס
һȭȻƴȫ֣֮ǰˣѪھתܵӰ죬ұһֲδܷӳǿս
һʼǶɱνıѾõһµս
һǿһǳ˰һȭֹǣھв̶ͬȵ𺦡
ͬʱȴһδˣ¶̵Цݡ
ৣ
һóѣͣһΣٴγɱһǻɱݵ̬
ס֣һսѧ䣡
ʱϯƻĶȻһȡ
ǣ䡣
Ϊˣ޷ٵֵһˡֹ䣬Ǳɣ
ûзӦ
㳡ϣȫƻĵĻ˷ƨβֹƲǡ
ʮףףס
͵ֻ׵ʱٴȭͷһȭ
Ҫ֮ʣһȭǺɱ
ž
ǧһ֮ʣһӰǵǰֻӳƣס񱩵һȭ
ͼ
͢ڽ̲ҲǱαĲС
伴ɱǵʱ򣬽
ӡͼ
һȭڼͼ֮ϣھӿͬ󺣣Ӱ٣˱õ˺üʱȻŭżͼ
ѧѾˡ
ͼڴĻҲڸ֪ȫˣԼΪʲôҪձ涨˫һ߱ɱ
ûп䣡
ŭȫûнͼûнƻ֮ǰĿڵ¡
ƻĴʦΪѧŵĸˣȻ
ͼܹҪɱǣͬʱҲ̬Ⱥܲ

ٴͼĻŭЦͬʱתϷʵؿƻΪĻѧţѧЦȻù©Ԥ䣡
䣬֮ǰһսҸǵ˿ĻᡣղţǴʦҪ䣬ȴϣҪûɱˣֱ̫
ϯϣһŭȵ
١ôʲôϵ
Цһȫ껣ȻϷʵؿƻģƻģΪѧĺȫѧ˵ĸˣȻų̫ˣ
ǣΣ
ƻûлӦ䣬ǳ嵹ڵϵʵ
ҡû¡
ǲ˲ǵѪǿƣվ
£ɫѾѪȾ죬˿ȥʮֵǱ
У㹷
״ٴμһЦȻһٷعϯ
ȻҲ֪µ޷ٶǳˡ
ʦӮˣ
ѧʤ
ۿصϯϯЩߺѧ֧ߣŻعһǴ˼ѪƵģߺֹ
ĻбȻһҩǿƣһϯ
һĻطڣϯлѧŵĳԱͬеܱûһȥǡ
Ϊһ˿ϣ
ڶ䣬ѧʤ
ͬʱͼ˵ڶĽ
~
ͼĻ䣬ϯϱĴ
Ǻߺѧ֧ߵףҲǶԻѧ裡
ȻӮ˵ڶαʤ
ûһɻɱǸط磡
Ĵ󣬹ϯϣЩߺѧ֧߷׷˸߲ҵΪαĽѶ
֮⣬ϯϣȫصߣҲۣ֮ͬоǿҮ޻ʤ
ΨлڵһƬţǵϳŵǡ
ǣϯϣѧŵһЩԱüĿ֮Ҳӿֳ˲
Ȼطڻϱ̬ʵжӦҮ޺䴺ɣû׵ġ
Ͼղչֳʵȫ껡䴺Ү޻ʵ֮ϣط翿ʲôӮ
ƻģ˰ɣ
󣬾͵ߵϯʱ䴺￪ˣҵҪصСӣλǸҮޣ




1873 
ৡ
䴺һڣѧŲ˽ĿͶҲüͷ
ȻǶ䴺ʱ˵ֻܲڧƣ
䴺ʲô˼
üͷʡ
ļǻѧ紫ΪԶΪǿ壬ʵݡλѷɫ䴺Ÿ䴺ӡ
껣ֻʵʵ˵ˣѲΪСĿԻѧǸҮޣ
䴺ͬüͷ껵Щ
Ǵʦû°ɣ
һΣ껿ڻӦ䴺طվʵ
û䴺ٴɣǹǵ
ûɳʱ൱֧֡
ǰʱ䣬ط׻Ƶᵽɽ֮ǵطΣգص뼧޳һǰ׻ɽׯط硣
˵ˣ£ȡ
ҡҡͷȻһֱӿȳѪ
Ȼ˵û£ʵƺأʱΣ°Ӱ쵽δѧ֮·
ৣ
һĻѧɫһ䡣
䴺Ҳִֹͣ
طֱǰҪǡ
С磬ùҡ
ֹ֣طľٶȻɫؿط磬ˡ
ã
طԣûе˵׳ֻ֣صصͷ
ǵĳŵҲƻΪ׵ĻѧųԱ棬µľ״
Үޣѧ罫ϣڻطǸϣǿûط㣬Ǻǡ
طĻ䣬ϯһˣѧʲЦ
ʲ֮ǰܸ껣ƣղǿƻǣá
ѧԽԽˡ
ҲЦˣǸоЦ
Ϊʲ֣Ү޵Ķ֣طƾʲôսʤҮޣ
ҮޣһսҪʤҪǸСµ
ҲˣҮ´
һ棬طֹһδѧ确˺ͳ衣
һ棬طѧǱ̫ˣǷγɳȥпͻư벽񾳡
һѧӮα䣬˵ȨҲöطˡ
Ӧ֪ҽֵ˶ˡ
ҮޱػӦҮޣƽ˵һӦ顣
Ү޿赭дȴŵĻձ̵ӡŷڵ֧ѧʤˣһϷʵؿŻѧڵƺڳЦѧ緸µ޴󣬸ڳطĲ
̫͢ǰҡͷΪѧ罫һֺƴˡ
ɳʵ˸ɫѿΪѧеֵ
һ̣֧֡ԻѧʤǱһΪط粻սҮޡ
ţ
Ү޿赭дȴŵĻƻĵ֪ļ֮⣬ѧŵĳԱüͷһ
䴺ͳʦ̫Цҡͷ
ȻҲϣѧܣƻľطս
ط磬ңȫϲ㣬죬ѵҪ֤ô
ͬʱ͢ʥŮط磬аԼ
ǵġ
ȻһҲϣطܸҮޣǸط粻ܻҮޣ
װķ磬һʵжΪԼһֱģ
밲Ȼ෴ݿǶطäĿΣطԻʤ
Һܺ棬׳һʵݳأ
Ϊ֯СȣطʤģҶԽһսڴ
Ү޿񵽲һĻһעӵĿ⣬طһƽ
Ӧ磬ʵж˵Ĳԣ
棬е䣬ѧҮ޺ͻѧطǳ
ʱͼڹ㳡м
ৣ
ৣ
ͼĻطҮ޼ͬʱ뿪λ߳ϯȻһƽ߳Ź㳡мȥ
̣˾ûȥԷ
໣
ڵȵһˣ
ط绹漣𣿡
漣ǲܣӦú棬طܹסҮ޼У
кܶΣط綼˿ãأ˭ܱ֤˵
طҮ޳ԭĹ㳡˲ˣ۴˸ߺгʣ˶硣
طͣ
طʤ
Ү޴ʦǿ
Ү޴ʦǸƤӣ

ţߺ߼Щ֧ѧߣ׷״һ˸߹һˣ޲ϳ̵ľ
Ǹо·ǵܹǹԷܾĽƵġ
Ƭ̺ĳУطҮ˹㳡ģ׶վ
һĻϯЩֹۣͣ㳡˲ְ˵ĿⶼۼطҮϣڴŹؼԵһսֳʤ
һսطҮ˭ȫǿľǿߣѧѧαʤӶδһˣش
ҶԹû飬Ҳøһ˷ϻֱ俪ʼɡ
ȻĹ㳡Ү޵ĿͶ˼ͼ
ͼʦҶԹû顣
Ү޵Ļ䣬طԼͼͬʱڡ
á
ͼԣط绹˸ȻüҮһۣ俪ʼ
Ƥӣû漣ֻ
ͼ俪ʼҮû֣ǵһĿͶط磬Į˵ҿԸһȥķʽԲã




1874 һ߷
Բá
俪ʼҮûֱӳ֣ǰȻط統Բá
Ļ˵ȥʽ
ǺεȵĿ
Ȼ
Ү˵ⷬʱޱ飬·УӦġ
ⲻһƵĿǸֲҮĿҮ޵޵벽֮޵У

Ү޿Ļǹϯǹϯ˶ЩȻ
û뵽ؼһսȻһַʽ
֮࣬˶Լͬؿط硣
һֱط綼ǿơѪ뿴طǺַӦ
в˵ǵķͷѾˡ
طۣޱػӦҮޣͬʱ߶ھжغʱ͹ʱݣ˵ƴﵽ˾ۣս졣
ڿڵͬʱֽ䱸ֹҮ֮ͬǰʲͻɱ֡
طͬǿƵĻҮû˵ʲôޱ飬ط硣
ǵġ
ⳡδȨĹؼ֮УҮ˿ûսӣ۹εƵģǽһ⡣
£Ү޿ߣͬһ㣬ƮһӰ޷ĵʵӰӡ
һӰһγһɫֱߣһɫͨط硣
ţ
һĻսһ£֪Үʲô
䡪
͵ȫص߱Ү޵ľٶ𾪵ʱҮ߹жȻ٣˲Ϣ֮طǰ
Ӱ仯
Ү⿴ĳʵ̺żḻĲɱ飬ᱻɱ
䡪
Ӱ֣Үȭ˳ƻӳͬһöڵը˿µǰĿֱըΪգµľɽƵɨط硣
ৣ
طʼڽ䱸δҮ޵ĵҮٵ˲ˣûӲҮһȭǵһʱܿҮ޵ķâ

һȭգҮ˲ȭһسɴ磬ٴγطǰ罣һֽطԴ
ȭ̡
Үһǳɣûκͣ٣ھѵ˳뻯ĵزٶȿó棬ȫط統ɱɱȵġ
Ү޵ٶȺЩطԤϣûоţƾḻɱǿսܣ󳷰벽֮һ࣬յرܿҮ޵ֽ

ͬʱطҮֽ̿յĻָۣʳָͬһѸ͵شҮ޵̫Ѩ
ָ
طתΪ˴ʦҶڵĴָ
ɱеԴ书ǹеġ졯ӽʡھҳΡѸͣ˷ʤ
طķҮ޵ıĮû˿
˫ֻƣһطѸʹָ̳ǼնطĲ
һй
Үչֳ˲˼ѧ츳ͬʱУڵסطһͬʱطɱ
ζսҲôġ
֮ͬսûסʽֲһھת뻯ĵزͬʱС
ž
촫Үһطʳָϣµھŷطָһʹ顣
һƣҮδƵطĴָطĹиı䣬Ѿ޷Үˡ
ৣ
ͬʱҮ޵ֽնطĲ
Σʱ̣طȻ¶ףٴξձܿҮֽ
Ү治ɫֱӻΪצָ̺ſµھ϶ץطԴͼһץطԴץϡá
һΣطҲûж¶׵ͬʱȵͬƹһ㣬Ү޵ס
һţƼ򵥣ʵط罫ĺպȹ̷ȡ롶ȭϣӰжغѪطҪ˵Ѫ֮һʯҲ˲䱻飡
һ̣ط翴ѡܾ˵Ĵ򷨣ʵȳҮС
һ򲽽Ү޲УֻҪطҮޣ޷Ү޵ףҲҮĲȣʽжϣӶҮ޵һǾɱ
ȻҮѡУѸͺһܿطһţͬʱһŶڵϣµשѣֱӵ
ಣ
طô˻ᣬˣ
䡪
ʱҮԭһȭձٴͬʱһľ磬שƬɨط硣
ЩƬھļӳ£ͬһƬܼӵȫط֣ܵط޿ɶ㡣
顭
ܿ죬שƬطϣطĻھ÷飬δطκ˺
Ȼ
طȴܵӰ죡
ʱ

Үͬһط࣬ڿնһطԴ
õשƬӰ죬ΪԼѳֵĻᣬҽٶȷӵ˼£ȫطκηӦʱ䡣
طȷʵӦֻƾսܣغԴͬʱھӿ磬γһھС
ǹʽ

ǧһ֮ʣطڱܿҪλͬʱ˰˰˵һǧķУֵҮ޵ľɱһ

Ү޵ҽŽűſµھͬһ޼᲻ݵУط£طļͷ
飡
꣡
ͬʱطιӦϣѪɽ˺ɶ
Үһ߷ɣ




1875 ˵һǧ˰
ʱ·һֹ̾˵Ŀⶼ˵ɶطϡ
£طѪģȥƺء
һսҪ𣿡
һĻжӿֳһɻ
ˣ
жӿֳһ𰸣ΪҮ޾Իᣬһطɱһս
֮йϯȫصߣҲйϯĴ
Уѧź֧ǵЩĳԱһЦʤ߶еЦݡ
̫͢˰̾Ϣɳʵɫѿ
ڻѧš
ƻĵ֪طɱﵵ֮⣬ҲͬĿ
У䴺ͳʦ̫ɫӡ
һ棬ǲط෴ΪĳԹǶϣطܹɳ󣬸ϣطۣ֮
һ棬Ϊѧһӣֲϣѧܡ
ѧܣҲʲô£
˵ǳ뵣ǣ
𾪣Ϊǵһμط롮ͬ߱ɱԷѹ˵֮㴦·磬ˡ
ǣΪǵطᱻҮ޻ɱⳡҲ֮
Ȼ
ƻġա껺ǣ䡢ӥԺǶûеǡ
Ƕ֪ط绹ûжõƣ
ңжϣطڸղΣжûжõƣ֤ƻĿɿ֮У
ǣݿϯҲûеǡ
ǰǶطäĿȺϯͨжϣطһսܣҮ׻ɱ
·Ϊӡ֤ǵжƵģҮƮȻأȴûм׷ط硣
£ҽЬȾѪҽǴһ㣬ܿƵض¡
ղţط綯áھͬʱըγһɿµסҮһбھҹҮ޵ĻھҮ׵Ѩλ
һҮ޵ҽһʱ޷תھʱ޷׷ط磬ֻطʮסΡ

ۿҮûһطɱЩ֮ǰΪѽˣһ¡
ʲô
ҮΪʲôûм֣
Ү޵ҽڲѵҲˣ
һ̣гɻ
ҵԲã˭ţ
·Ϊ˻ӦеɻƵģطס֮۶Үޣ
£ͳҩһŷ£һ飬֮ϡ
粢ǱҮһ˵ģˡھը˵ġ
ƿأʵھըһ˲令ס˾ʶδܵˡ
Ү޵ҽſƲأھתܵӰ죬ӶӰ쵽٣Զطأ
Ү޵ҽˣ
طĻжӿֳһͷ
ͷ֣ϯϣЩߺ֧ѧߣߵĴ˻ȥ
ԭͨŭķʽＤ飬ͬʱҮ޼
طģ
طʤ
෴ղŻǵĻǣһǴӵã׷׼ش
ղţطȾѪɳһ˲䣬ǶΪطˣȴû뵽طһľϲ
ͬʱϯΪ׵ѧųԱЩ֧ѧԱϵЦ˲̣ȡ֮Ǿɡ
ǲţҮˣ
Ϊڸղһ˲䣬ؿط粢δκʽҮ޵ĵȷȷһطļͷ
ǣ䴺Ҳţ
ţ
ֵ䣬ëӦǵ˻
ëطֵܻ֪˭ǿǿߣ
Ҳ̲סˣҮޱ俪ʼʱǾ仰ڻ
ͼԵĻЩطᱻɱĻѧųԱǰ˿
У޵ЩɻسƻʵΣطôҮ޵ģ
Դ书֮һзʽ˵һǧ˰˰ٵЧ
ƻĿڣǻӦ޵ҲΪ˽
үүⳡݳĿ־ͺܾʰ
ƻĵĻ䣬ڲԶҲˣŲõЦݣط˵磬սûӰ죬Ү˵ҽţٶȽܵӰ죬ƽı䡣
ৣ
ƻĺȿڣһ򣬳֮⣬ѧųԱ֧ǵЩˣɫˣ
ǵް֮ǰЦˣȡ֮أ
书Ψ첻ơ
ٶȶߵüҪ
ǿҮҽˣٶܵӰ죬սۿۣ
ΪؼǣҮûлӦط磬ǾҮ޵ƺأ
õģҮԶеǿ󡣡
Χ˵仯ˣȻɭЦݡ
սֻ֪Ү޵ʵǺεȵ죡
Ϊ˵ҵҽţӰҵٶȣܸıĽô
·Ϊӡ֤ĻƵģ㳡м䣬Үޱضط磬Įؿڡ
ͬһ̨δΪղ˶ܵӰ졣
£߶Ѫط˵ͬɽ緢ƵģȻǣ
ϵ۰Ү޵ֱǿˣ
ѡѵղûжǿս
Ү޵Ʊ仯ϯһ󾪺
ܱƳʵǿ䵱ҵĶˡ
Үޱ˵ţһٴط磬ٶǰ޼ҪֲĶࡣ
һΣʵ




1876 м֮
ΪսǿľǿߣҮ޲ӵмµѧ츳һĶãһھת뻯ĵز
ңעȫǿߡѪҺĻҩѪط֮ͬмڲ֮ء
֮⣬սҲ֪ȦĻҰǣʶڹȥЩаץȫǿߺţҮ޵ĥʯ
ңΪϵ֮սĥҮޣսӲԤҮ޵սҮսҲϧ
ΪֻŻˣɱ顣
սͨһϵֶΣҮǿɱﵡ
սԭļƻǴҮͻư벽ٳġ
ʱҮͬ޵еսԴ׳ѧս
б䣬αδȨֻҮǰս
ղű俪ʼ֮Үƾǿʵͷḻɱ飬طγѹ֮ƣľɱһҲ
Ȼ
ǧû㵽ط羹ȻбľС
ˣղһطشҲ֮
û
յĽǣҮ޵ҽűˣұƵ߶Ѫطʵ
ţ
Ү޵ٶȼûܵƵӰ죬ƸûΪ˳κطһһµĶ֡
ǿʵḻɱ顢޵е־
˵ҮطԳǿĶ֣
ȫһ̨ɱҮޣ
Ķ֣طףֻҪԼ¶һѪ
ৣ
֮ͬǰһҮ޵طûӲǵһʱѡܡ




һգҮ޲ͣƾٶƲסط磬ϳʽֲ
һʱ䣬ƿ𣬹㳡м䣬Хͬһ硣
˽µשѣƬ趯طҮ˵Ӱֳ֣ٷ֮ʮʮϵ޷˵Ḷֹ̌˵Ӱ׽
籩ģطھ˫㣬ͬ˲һ㣬ϵسڸ䡣
Үʼں׷һط򱬱㲻ݵ̬
нˣӰ
Ȼطȫѹƣûлֺм֮ƾḻɱǿսܽж
ȻطڶĹУοȥգ衣
⡭ǿǿ֮սҲֲ̫˰ɣ
ǰǲ޷ǵӰƾչ磬ЩשƬڷз裬ǱУ»ᵱ
Ҳ֪սΣһռƣ
ϯϣʵС̲סǼȾ̾طҮ֮սĿֲƣҲ˵˭ռơ
ǲͬϯϣоǿϵ߶ܿطҮ޵Ľֹ̡
Ү޾ȻȫӰ죬ս֮ǰǿȫǿǿߵĳƺţ
ۿҮȫѹط磬طɥ֮ȮһӴܣӡŷڵĿ̲סڸ̾
١طǸų򣬳ӣҮһûУ
ͿҲˣΪǿߵҲҮչֳսˣͬʱҲط粻϶ľٶʾ޲ط̱ɱ
ֻҪӲһУͻԣҡ̻дҲԼĿ
١ҵҪǸСܹ˼Σ
ʲЦѣҮ޽֣ҲĿҮȫصǿߡŲɱ֪Ү޵ھۺ񣬶һûжɱУɱطѾûκ
˶ûпɭЦݣȴط类ɱһ̵ĵ
ͬʱĽ̫͢ˣûпڣҲΪⳡĽѾעˣΨһط绹ֶܹá
ΣǸҮ޿ȥδܵӰ죬ƿȥЩ
һߣѧڵΪŵ޵ٴ̲סˡ
޵ĻѧŵĳԱעطҮɱͬʱҲ⿴ƻġ
䴺ͳʦ̫֮⣬ÿ˵϶¶Ų̶ͬȵĵǡ
֮ǰطƾḻɱǿսܣܿҮ޵ķâȻ÷ʽҮ޵㡣
˾ϲ
һ̣ǶҮ޵ٶܵӰ죬Ϊӣط繥
ǶطսѣͬʱҲ۵ΪǾطĵơ
Ȼ
طڶõ֮ûгԤеķչø⡪Үޱñ֮ǰǿطм֮
ܲǵǣ
١ھʵǰͶȡûκ塣СӸղżκգ˿ѾԽԽˣò˶ãᱻɱ
ƻĿڣ䴺˵
Ϊǿеľ԰طҮ޽ֵĹ̿һҶԳϵжϣΪطܿҪɱˡ

ƻޱؿڣǻش޵Ҳǻػ䴺
ƻĵĻ޵ֻôʣ½עڳϵıϡ
䴺ɫѿ˵ʲôվûпڣǴȱ֮ʵػƻģ
үүȥЩڳʲôƣ
Զ˫ӪĻ̲סϯʵ
ҮطһֱڶȫѹƣȥȷʵϯԼػӦȡ
үүҮ޵ھԼӾҮ޵ưɣ
һ˵ԼĿ
Үһֱ͹Ĵھһֱط磬ƱػΪҪָǿȵĹƱػҮӰ졣
ֻ
ϯҡͷȵжϡ
ܹϵƣܹҮ޵ھۺ־ǿ˿ܸš
һطսȡʤ죡
ৣ
ɫһ䣬ʶʵүү˼ǣ
ƻļȻᶨط磬طһǲΪ֪ĵơ
ϯٴοڻӦȣ䲻󣬵ϯһƿ֮ʱⳡ֮ʱ




1877 ˳
طĻе𣿡
ϯߵĻӪоһ
Դطڣһֱﲻ񻰣ڼιؼɱ֮жòΪ֪ĵơ
طĵʲô
һʱ䣬ƻĵ֪˺䴺ʦ̫֮⣬ѧŵˣϵĵǼһЩȡ֮Ǻ档
ղţƻĵĻɢеĵǣϯߵĻǵĺ桪ʲôƣһŤתǬ
Үʱͻư벽񾳣սԶԶڵľǿߣֱڶûжɱУطǸеƣҲûκ塪죬עΪļգ
ʱЦſˣڻػϯߺƻģҲڸѧŵĳԱЩ֧߼ᶨġ
Ȼôһ˵Щߺձ̵ˣиոӿֳһ˿ǣ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ϯ򰲾ٴνĿͶ˹㳡м䡣
㳡м䣬ҮѾطʮУ
طƾḻɱǿսܲܣֱ˿ûˡ
ھתЩܵӰ죬ܵӰ죬Ѳһʼǰˡ
ҮޣȻҽƵӰ죬ٶδ֣ԽԽֱͬһ̨ͣЪĻת
ΪҮǾǿߣġһھתطɱȡ
ңҮѧ츳ѣھѴﵽ˳뻯ĵزھǿ򼸺ܳҡ
طеΣյǣҮ޵ʼûܵӰ졣
ǵġ
Ү֮ǰط˺ûйط磬ûгְ㼱꣬ÿһÿһʽѡ񶼼ҳֵʱǶȿ
˳
طҮһսչ˿̵ʵдա
ƶط൱طû˿ľš
һУԤϵС
ϾݱǰʾʲֶҮ޵Ķ֣Ү޵ʵھǿ
طдǹʽ֮ǰսǲ껡䴺ľǿ߰ģƾɱܹǡ
һ£ʹáҮ޽֣Ȼûκʤġ
ĵƣҲɱﵣƴʽֻʹһΡȫھѪ
ֻһֵĻᣬһеĻȴĽѧҲα䣬δȨó
ԣûлţҲûмĵصȴһɱĻᣡ
ͬһԡ
䡪
£Үٴ˵طԣһȭϯķ
һȭȭͷطӶȭ˺طͷ·ν
֮ǰڻ˵Ҳ䵱Ķô㲻һˣҶôУһͷû˵
ط˿ڱ¶ڿУ˿ڱ̼ʼѪ˿⣬ǳٴαܿҮ޹Ļᣬ⿪ڣͼ̼ͼŭҮޡ
һ̣˵ͬӴ쳹㳡˶һ

ȻطĻϯȫصһȻ֪ʲô
ϯϣĴ³ط⡣
ϣＤŭûãð׷Ҳͽ
Ү޿ˣĮûκ
Ӱ֡
ҮٴγطǰΪһطš
ɱ
һ̣Ҳ˴̿˴еѧҽһɱﵽ˼£ٶȿ磬ûиطκηӦʱ䡣
Ȼ
ˣطȻƾ辪˵սܣҮ޵ֽԴʱʱƫԴһ̡
ৣ
Үֽ̿գ˲ΪննطĲˮ޷νӡ
ط·ϵƵģҮ޳ֵ˲䣬һӺ
һ̣ܶȴطٴαܿҮ޵նɱ
Ү޵ָط粻һ֣ľ磬̵طһۣ˫۸Ǵʹ޷
䡪
ʱҮȭһȭط硣
֮Ү޶õ
һȭսоѧսȭռɱСս񱬡
ǵġ
ȫռƣѹط磬طն㿪֮ȫʧȥܵʱ䡢ռ䣬ɶǿɱУ
ʨӲãȫ
ڹȥȫǿߡŽɱܽľ顣
˿̣ɱ鷢ӵ쾡£ȫطκη̵ĻᣬҪһٽطɱ
죡
һȭ쵽˼£̺żµ
ɲǼ䣬طԵĿȫըˣգľȫ֡
Σʱ̣ط޷ۣҲӦȴͬƵģԲ˼ķʽŤתһ£ͬʱھӿۣһھС
飡
ꡪ
һ̣ͬʱ
ط۱Ү޵ȭУھ˲ըھһγɿµҮ޵ȭͷ𿪡

Σʱ̣ط޷ܿһͬʱҪλУͬʱٴζŷС
طԳڣͷһͬһֵʱ򣬶Ρ
Ȼ
һΣطûдﵽ˵һǧЧ
ɱеҮޣȭ̺֮ھֲ̫ˣڸղŵײУûˡ
ط۹ͷӦϣɭ׵Ĺͷ͸Ѫ¶ڿУȫȾ졣
ͬʱһɿµֱӽطúɶ
һ̣طҮ޵ʵȫ֡Ү޵ȭֻǲط磬ط綯޷У޷ֵ
ۡ
еط磬ͻȻһѪˮɫ˲ò԰ֽ˼صˡ
£ϳŲʣ
ϵı飬ڸҮ޺ڳÿһˣɱ




1878 Ү䣡
ҮطɶѪ
ٴζ
˵ĿⶼطϣܹؿȾѪ硢ۣҲܿǲ԰׵ӣܿǵѪ
طˣ
һ̣ϯϣиֳһͷ
У˻ߺطһЩ˿֮⣬˶Ϊһսˡ
ΪǶܿط۷ˣſѪ˵ı֡

ϯΪ׵ųԱЩձ̵֧ѧˣ¶˱Цݡ
ǿ۷״̬ط綼Үѹ޻֮˿̷һֱۣˣͬϵ⣬Ү׸
ŷ޽̫͢Ͷɳʵˣа̾Ϣ֪ΪطһеϧΪѧ罫ֵȨȥꡣ
ৣ
ͬʱѧ֮У˵ɫˣ
У޵ΪЩ֪طƵˣȻղŴƻĵĻһģǶط˿ˣܹͨطıܵطǷݲʣ
껡ǡա䡢ԡӥˣȻ֪طĵƣȻӿֳ˾šط绹еƣ»ܶ
һ򲽽ط綯˵ƣЧ
֮Уû䴺ʦ̫ƻġ
У䴺ͳʦ̫һЦ
ԭǶϣѧα䣬֮ǰƻĵڻ䴺Ļ䴺ͳʦ̫Ѳںαʤǵط类ɱƻĺͻ֯Ц
ƻһƽ
ǵġ
ط۱ϣſѪȻţǸһһ޵꣬ǸΪȫѧͻ񾳣֮۵꣬ǸδҪ䵱ػ꣬ȥ
ͬдģݿȺϯˡ
Уݿ˵϶еǣǼţ
ȫͬʱĿ۽㳡м䣬һ

㳡м䣬ҮĮ³֣һٴγطɱ
ž
ܿ죬طأȻڹԵ£岽µש׷ըѡ
ʱ
Ү
һ㣬طǰɢűֲϢĮˣطĿͷ·ڿһˡ

Ӱ֣Ү˳ƻ𣬻ƣһطԴ
ҪһƽطԴĳϡã
Σʱ̣ط΢΢һ࣬ܿҮһƣͬʱϵĲʱұҲ֮һҪƴļơ
Ү޷·ϵطƲƵģѹû˿Ĵ⣬һĿյͬʱȭһȭط硣
һȭǿɱСս񱬡
һ̣Ү޸ڳһΡڱʤľ£ȻСʻ괬ȫκη̵Ļᣡ
Ȼ
ɫˣ
Ϊ
ܹظӦطһͷѵľ˲䱬ɢ˼ֲϢ
ԣ
ͻıʣҮʶԣ
ô
ǵģ
طǧ࣬ȵľһ̡
Ϊһ̣طѾ˼
ＤŭˣװѪ
طҮɱֵĵһУȻѡ˱ܿ
ΪͨղŽֵḶ֪́Үһˡ
޷ȷԼݼǷܹ׽ҮƭΪƭҮޣҮ޵Ҳһݾ衣
һֵĻҮ޺пڲԵʱѡܿ
ʵӡ֤жϡ
Үڵһյͬʱڶ޷νӣҳռɱС
Ү޶ԣԶɡСĽ䱸ı֣Ҳɱ鷢ӵ쾡£
Ҳû뵽ǣطµ
ϰߡ
һ
Үÿһγ֣˫ͬͬһʱ䷢С
ط޷ȷҮǷ½䱸ϷҮ޷Լϰߡ
ôҮޣΪһıȻͨϰ߱¶
طҮ޽ֹУƵļƻ
ΪӪռһ
һ̣طڵѪ׷ڣȼӿھںһӿұۣȭ
ȭȻӳŭ⡢սɱ⣬ӭҮ޺Хȭͷ
Σգ
ɲǼ䣬ҮʶΣգͼƾսУܿطķ
Ȼ
ˣ
Үȫһ޷ˡ
еһ˿㱣ֻԼط类һ硣
һƬڡߣţͬһƬء
ǹʽ

һ̣طڴ߶غѪطͰд߶ڲҩҩЧǰ£ԼƵɱС
һУҪеھʹѪҴű
һгֻΪɱС
ǷϢӰ쵽ҮޣҮ޵־˶ҡһ˲˻㱡
䡪
촫
Ү޴ӻоѡ
ڰʧ֡
ɲǼ䣬Ү޲һױȵطȭ֮б˲佫ȭ֮бŷھɢݿعĻھ
꣡
ۡ
ͷѣѪɽ
ҮؿԼȭ˲ըΪС
طȭƲǰҮ޵ࡣ
ۡ
Ѫɽطȭͬһ˷ĳǹֱӴҮ޵壬Ү޵࣬ȾѪƬҮ޵ı
Ү䣡




1879 սط磬Ӯˣ
ңá
ɢȥȫ˶˹㳡ĵһС
طұ۶Ү޵ؿڣҮ˶ԭء
Ү޵ʧһƬѪģѪϵشؿӿ
֮⣬ҲѪ˿ް֮ǰĮȡ֮Ǿ
һνĵ¶ϡ
طһȭԼؿڸе𾪣ͬʱҲΪеȻ
һֱԼԶ׼ȷ˵ȫû
ûԼվһ죬ͬС

ͬʱܹϯЩʵСߣǹϯĳԱһĻͳͳɵˡ
£ͬһֵĵܣɴ۾ؿŹ㳡м䣬ȫһɻռݣʲô
ڣ䵱Ķ𣿡
Ӧǵط
طȻڹ㳡м䣬Үųӣδֱۡ
һֱۣҮ޻ȥ
طĻҮ޵Ӿһ𣬶΢΢ſͣһѪһͼڣ㡭㡭
ô𣿡
طֱӴҮ޵Ļ
Ү޼ѵصһͷ˫۵ɵùԲ
ʵ޷طղһΪλᱬǰֲ
ǹѾȫԽ˾ǿ
Үޣƻĵ֪֮⣬˶䣬ϸ
֪ΪʲôҮ֮ǰһֱѹط磬طֻɥ֮ȮһĴӴܣ޻֮һˣҮת֮Ͱˣ
ֱ仯̫ͻȻҲȫǶѧ֪
㡣
Ү޺˵ĵȴУط绺ڣȻԴյҮ޶ϣѹ˵һ仰
仰ֻҮһܹ
ۡ
һ̡
˵עУҮ޵ǴƵģҵس鴤
ſ죬˵ʲô޷˵һˣֻǲϵѪ
ͬʱϵľԣޱߵķŭ沿ⶼŤˣ
أҮ޵ֹͣ˳鴤ӲԭأϵıҲˣ˫۱ͻ
طǾ仰ҮĿ
Үˣ
ۿҮһȫٴӿֳһͷ
⡭ôܣ
һĻѧŵʲһš
޷ţԼֶ޷ܵҮޣطУ
ʲһ̣Ϊ׵ѧųԱձ̵ӡŷڡ塢ɣ֧ѧˣ޷Үޱطɱʵ
ţ
ۡ
㳡м䣬طԼұ̵ۣѪ˲ҮؿڵѪ
飡
Ү޵ӺȻأͬһ㣬һ
ৣ
ΪеļͼһĻоѣһѸӵҮ޵ʬԣһ
һУͼվŵؿطһۣȻһ˶񣬲ŴѧҮս䣬ѧطʤ
໣
սط磡
Ӯˣ
ͼĻ䣬ϯڵȫصĻߣǴ˼Ѫһ㣬׷׼ش
ȻѹûпطλɱҮ޵ģطҮ޽ֵĹ̶ûп壬ЩҪҪطӮˣѧӮˣ
ģ˵طʤ
û֯Ȼطڴһעһսʤ
ǻߣϯϣطķ˿Ҳ̲סڴҫ伤̶ȫѷɫЩߡ
뻪ߺطķ˿Ȼ෴ǣϯϣߣЩ֧ѧʤҵߣһ˪һ㣬ˡ
ͬ˵ģѧڵһƬš
ɣȥһսĽҮ޵ʬҮˣѧˣ
ѧڵһƬ졣
£䴺ͳʦ̫֮⣬޵ΪЩ֪طƵˣ껡ǡյ֪طƵˣǵҲҲĵˣȡ֮ϲã
ƻһο
ΪطûйٴγΪ˻ѧӢۣѧӮ˵ȨδǳսָȨش
䴺ͳʦ̫ˣһ࣬ǸоǱطһεĶ⡣
ȴۣ
ͬʱгŲ⣺طһȭΪοԻɱҮޣʲô书
ֵţ
벽֮£˭طֵǰ޵УĸԲܣ
ӦǵͼԵŭǿȥȹϯЩ߸Ӽ̲ס
طȻͬһʱߡ
Ϊļǿ˵һЦܵط֮Ĳࡪ̫ˣ
ǰÿμ֤ﴫʱһѾľˣӦġ
ӥڰο껣ʵҲڰοԼ

ͬʱڲԶݿҲǼѣʶſ죬뻶ߣʶԼ컹Ӣңֻиˡ
սȺۣ¶ȫѧھ̨񻰣һս񡪡ط磬Ķҩ
ͬݿһҲûпڣؼϲõͬʱҲ̲סа̾Ϣһ
үүλɱҮ޵ģĵʲô
һߣҪĶ࣬Ťͷϯʳеɻ
ͼǸǲͻ˰벽񾳣ڱǰǰ벽񾳣ڲʵһܻɱҮޣ
һ̣ϯ߿ڣѧͻȻһ
Ϊսδƶߵ䣬վԸղһսɣ




1880 һսǿ
⻰һڣټĹ㳡˲䰲˶ԼͬؽĿͶ䣬вһ㵡
ȻǶû뵽侹Ȼڱ֮󣬶طҮһսɣ
ѧ䲻𣿡
һ̣һŭڻѧ
䣬ӻ𱬣ֱӱ޳Ϊŭˡ
١ѧҮޱǰװβǣֵûʸĶֵ֣ܵԲãֵǰ벽ǿߣʵЦ𣿡
ҲˣҲĻʮֲˬڳ
ϣ𣿣
䡢˵ٴһֱŤͷĿ絶һɨˣɭɱ⣬Ǹо·ٸ˵֣Ҫڽ˻ɱ
ɱĻĿ⣬ͼ˸ܵһεѹֻؿѹһɽƵģҲǲز˿ֻš
ǿʱıܷӦͬɽͻ
١ôĿԣ
ͬʱҼ޳Ȼ۶䡣
ѧ䲻ǻѧ翪ս𣿡
Ҳվŭ
֮ǰ䣬ʮֱ˿Ұ
ż޳ǿڣлѧŵˣĿͶ䣬һŭӡ
Կ϶ʵǿҰĻǲ
ƻ̨ͬƽĺ棬޲ûȥѧˣǿŹ㳡мļͼ
䣬ңɸղһսĹƽԣ
ʱ㳡м䣬ͼˣ쳹ȫط粢ǰ벽ߣղһսȫϱ涨
ë𣿡
ѧ磬ǻҪҪ
ͼĻ䣬ϯϣЩһŭڣŭѧ硣
ϯϣɫѿʶ⿴һûκαʾ
ܿ죬ȫŭʧˣ˶
Ϊؿ㳡м䣬ط縩һץסҮ޵ĲӣȻһһ㣬ϯ
Ҫʲô
һĻжӿֳɻ󣬵ûпڣֻؿš
һ
˵עУطһ˹ϯǰ
ţ
һ̣ѧ磬ǻѧ磬ˣоһ
ΪǸܲطκھѪ˥˵ɫ΢΢Щס
˸еЩɻ󡪡ǲ֪طΪλ
ɱķҪ벽ǰ벽񾳣ɱնݣ
ͬʱط罫Ү޵ʬ嶪ڵϣһŲҮĿϣޱؿ䣬ڣȴһ
һ̣ڻӦ䣬Ҳڼ̤ѧϡ
ৣ
Ȼɫ˲ͱˣü䣬ɱ⳹ױ
֮⣬ѧԱҲһŭ⡣
Ȼ
ǷŭޱȣطŲҮ޵ʬ壬ͼеͬƻŮ˫һ
ǿơ
ͬʱжӿֳ֡
Ү޵ǿĿãȫѧ磬벽֮£˭طһ˵ֻ
˭ҵΪ׵ѧŵ棬ڼ̤ѧϣ
ջѧ֮ǰѧ缰飬αʤһδˣָδǳսӻѧָӣ
ѧ˱ŭ˸̾طǿƵͬʱطٴοڣѧ۾˵ϹΥ֮ǰЭݣǹȻƻѧȨ
ৡ
ٴطĻ˶ĿͶ
ϣʲôʸ˵ֻ𣿡
˵ע£Ϊսƶߵˣıܹγˮ֮и̺ɭɱ
طԴѧ磬Ļǻѧ־
һΣط翪ڣһֱĬƻͻȻڣˡ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

ƻĵĻ£˻ѧţɫˡ
䴺ʦ̫Ȼ
Ƕû뵽ƻĻһ˵һ仰
仰ڽط̳
ѧŵĳԱһֵ֧̬ȣ֧ƻĵľҲ֧طԴѧ
ʸ𣿡
طٴοڣۣ
ɫ࣬ûֻ֨ɱȻضط磬Ǹо·ʱֽطɱ
ʦɳʵǷЭ飿
ط罫ĿŲɳʵƶ
ɳʵЭݣӻѧ쵼
ڣɳʵ̬
ɳʵһֱֻ֧ѧģοѧӮα䣿
̫أ
طֿ̫ƶ߼ڡ
̫ϸЭݣӻѧ쵼Ҳ̫̬ˡ
Ī̻ʣǽ͢أطֳĪʵ
͢Эݣ
ĪҲ̬ˣͼһһֱԼƹܵѳȻҪѡ
ձ̵ӡŷڣأ
طĿ⣬½ձ̵ƶ߾̺ӡŷƶ߿ɨ
ںĪ̺ͬͿûпڣǿ
ǣˣͬٴο
ȻǶ֪ձ̵ӡŷڶѧ׷ߣ֮ǰǾԲ̬ġ
ܹظ̡ܵ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ֪Լ˿̵ı̬ζʲôʲôû˵ֻضط硣
չ󣬻ѧ罫ˣκսѧȨΥ˹涨ĸ˺ؽϳͣ
һ̣طٴ
ۡ
£Ѫɽ
Ŀ֮£طһŲȱҮ޵ͷ­

ѧ磬μȫѧ¶ھȫ
졣
һս񣬴ѧǿԣѧ硢ձ̵ӡŷڵȷؾ棡




1881 ˺Ƥ
Ĺ㳡ϣطһŲҮ޵ͷ­ѪȾҽţ´Ŀġ

һĻ˶һ
ƺû뵽طǿƶѪķʽھѧΪ׵ķΪѧš
ݵľȹձ̵ӡŷڡ˺ɣɫѿͬʱĿͶ
ǶطǿƵʮֲˬҲ˵ʲôʲô뿴ķӦ
һ̣ؿѧԱŭ
ԴӶս֮һֱǿĹңսѧػ
ΪսһԱǺʱܹ裿
οֻһˣ
Ȼ
ŭҲãҲգڣûһ˿ڷط磬ûиҶط֡
ط䣡
ط˵öԣѧ罫ˣ
ʱϯڵٴĺеĻ߶۸ߺַʽ֧ط뻪ѧ硣
ߺЩ֧ѧߣͳͳĬˡ
Ǻ뿪ڣȴ֮ǰЭ飬Ӯñʤһˣ
󣬲Щֹͣ󺰣ͻȻ

һѧŵĳԱЩ֧ѧԱҲ׷׸վ
һĻϯЩ߷׷ֹͣ˴󺰣ǶŹϯȴķչ
ʲô˵뿪𣿡ƻļ״ͻȻڡ
ȻƻĵĻڣЩˣһ١
һԣֱҪ뿪㳡
˵̬ϡ
ѡ
ַʽα壬Ǽӵظˣѧ粻ܻѧ쵼طղ˵һеڷƨûκ壡
ľٶѧŵĳԱЩ֧ѧĳԱ˵׷׸һͬ뿪
ľٶѧŵĳԱ׷ʶʲôһŭ
ƻͬüƺʲô
ѧͨķʽӻѧд۶˵Ȩ䣬ȴԼʵ̫޳ܣ
طһοˣֱӵڽ¶ѧĳ
쵰˵ʲô
طĻȻͣ½ŲתŭĿط磬ɱһط綯ֵļơ
붯ôŲţһֻ㣿
Ȼط֮ǰáǹʽ֮󣬻ھȫޣѪأʮ䣬ǿƵһͿ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬øϵɱŨҵ˼£΢΢ſ죬һֶû˵
ǲ룬ǲҡ
ط罻֣
ϾսԶҮޣղŶطˣ
Сô
Ҳͣ˽ŲתɱȻضط硣
ëҶһָͷҳ֣طֱȻ塣
ߡ
ŲҲһ£ûлȥط磬Ƕ䶣һ䡣
Ļضط翴˼ӣȻת
Ҹղ˵ˣչ󣬻ѧ罫쵼˲ɡƻѧȨΥ˹涨ĸ˺⵽ϳͣ
طһοڣն쳹㳡ѧ硢ձ̵ӡŷڡĴ˺ɣ̬ܲǶԻѧƣӰ쵽˵Žᣡ
Σ
ڿˣͣ˽ŲĿضط磬ʲôʲôʸ˵Щ
֮ǰ˵ˣطԴѧ磬־ǻѧ־
ƻȻƱǣ羪ڹ㳡Ͽը죬죬Ҳˣ
ƻģʲô
ĿطŲתƻġ
طղ˵Υ˹涨ߣϳͲ
ƻһһ俪ڣͬʱˡ
١ƻģΪǣ
ŭЦͬһҪֵļơ
һ㣬ѧԱձ̵֧ѧԱˣ
ֻƾƴʦһȻ޷ǣΪѧֻƻĴʦһλ벽ǿٸ𣿻ǣĿԴӵλĴʦߣ
һΣƻĿڣطٴοˣԣһҪսļơ
ৡ
ٴطĻڣЩ뿪˷׷˵ׯ԰֮з顪ԻĵĿֲǿߣһȺǿߵƤӵºһȺ벽ǿߵͷ֪ؽ컻Ǻ죡
뵽£˵ɫˣЩء
£ɵؿط磬Ǹо·ʣջ֮Ҳٸԣ
οн͢ɳʵ̫λʦҲˣ
Ӧǵطͳ
Эǻѧѧ֤ϸִУ
طĻ£ΪɳʵƶߵͻȻˣֻ֧ѧ磬ͬʱ̬Ҵɳʵ̬ӻѧ쵼ִлѧָʾ
̫һ
Ϊ̫ƶߵļɣҲڱ̬ˡ
͢һ
Ī󿪿ڣ󣬵̬ȼ
һ̣ƶ߿ڱֻ̬֧ѧ硪ֻҪƻһ£ǻƻΪ׵Ļѧ繲ͬˣ
ΪѧαʤΪطղǷ
طĻˣѧǿҲ޵ظˣջλֲǿ߼пܾٸԣ
λֲǿֳ뿪ڳ˵λ




1882 ƣʷ
Ŷɳʵŷ޽͢ͷ̫ڱ̬ټĹ㳡ٴΰ
һεѹѧΪ׵ĸڣƶߣ鶼ء
ΪȻֻ̬֧ѧ磬ӻѧ쵼ֻҪƻһ£Ʊػˡ
ԭֳֻЩѧŵĳԱ޾塪ѧ缰֧һ벽ǿ࣡
뻪ѧӪĻ˾Ͳˣ
ΪҪǣʱ̬Ҳӵ˵һ㣺ƶط֮ǰ˵λĿֲǿߣ˿̼пٸԣ
̩˳ˣ
ܿģĬƣ֮ɣ˳ˡ
γĿֻһ֤ط
Ȼ֮Ǳѧ統ɹͣȻΪ˵ĵ˱ѡΪѧӪеһԱ
ۿѧҪ񣬶ѧһԴƣֱ˳ⳡ
Ϊǿȫڳ׶ϴûֻʱ⣬Ƿˣȡǳսġ⡯Ѿˡ

ɣı̬˾һ
УѧӪƶߵıءɣ˳ˣʵ˳ѧӪ
ɣȻ˳ˣ뿪ˡ
ƻĵͷͬɣȻĿͶƶۣۣǷҲҪ˳ˣ

ʶҡҡͷ
岻ͬһǿȻطɱֻЩԪδ
һȻԸ˳ˣδǳս֮󣬿Ϊûмˡǳս޷
⡭ڿĳԶչ
ǿˣ
ƻٴοڣͳѹԡ
Ըӻѧ쵼
۵ı˺öΣҧҧڡ
һ̣Իѧؿֲǿߵ壬Ϊ˼峤Զ濼ǣ۽طĳͶطĳޣ⣬󵹸ꡣ
ৣ
ۿ۴󵹸꣬սƶձ̵ӡŷڵƶߣǵɫٴαˡ
ƣΪط֮ǰһ仰츲ر仯Ǽ䲻
ƻƱػǱ̬
Уӡŷѡ񣿡
·Ϊӡ֤̺Ϳ˵жƵģƻĺֿܿˣֱӱſб̬
ѧñαʤӡŷڽ֮ǰ̶Э飬ֻ֧ͬѧˡ
гĬ˼ӣȻɫѿؿڣڱ̬
ɣ˲ͬеı̬ǻۡ˵ѧñαʤȻἰ֮ǰЭ飬̬
ڰиΪ׵ѧ磬ӡŷ׷ѧģƱˣòˡ
֮ûдӡŷ˳ˣԭͿһޡ
ѧӪɢˣ
ſеı̬ڳÿһжӿֳһͷ
ѧԣ֮ǰĳĬ볡һ̬ȣҲںƻļѧ粩ġ
ѧʧɣӡŷ룬ⳡѾûκλʤϣˡ
ձѧӡŷһ
ȻΪձ̵ƶߵḷ̌Ҳڱ̬ˣұȿбֵøӴ
ӡŷڵգڸѧ磺ӡŷڶ󵹸ˣձ̵Ҳû壬޷ıյĽ
һڣڳ˲ԼͬؽĿͶΪ׵ѧš
˵ѧǰӵƺƵôʱ˿̣ױˣͬɳĮеһƬޣΧԵø롣
ৡ
˵ע£֮⣬ڣѧŵĳԱˡ
ǵ֮ǰ޿֣ȡ֮ǿֻ벻
Ϊ鷢չһǽֻѡ񣬷Ӻս
ӣ⽫ζѧ糹ʧȥ˵ȨһΪѧʷĳ裬ҲΪȫѧЦ
ս
ղţձ̵ӡŷڡɣ֧ǣǶûκΰտ԰Ȼ뿪ٸԣοʱ
һ飬ѧǷЭݣ
ʱƻޱض̬
ƻĵĻ£˵Ŀⶼϡ
£ı˼£ϵϢҲֲ˼¡
ûڣضƻġ
һ룬룬롭
ѧȻЭݡ
ʮӹͳؿڡ
Իѧ壬ѵġòѧѧͷα塣
£ٴת뿪дͷŭ
һΣƻûпѧŵ˼״׷׸ϡ
ձ̵ƶ߾̺ӡŷƶ߿Уۡɣˣû֮ǰһѧŵ˵
Ϊǵģ˵һסһ׵ĻƻĻᵱ֣
үүϷʵ̫ˡ
ϯϣΪ֯Сȣ̲סڸ̾һ
£ջĿ⣬ط磬Ŀ
ৡ
ţһһĿȺͶط硣
һȭʤһԶ
ǸѾ£ȴӱֱǹվڹϯǰ꣬˽һУƱػᱻȫѧʷᣡ




1883 ҿյ
ѧŵĳԱȥҮ޵ʬ֮طٴγΪȫΨһĽ㡣
˶֮ǰı䣬ѧѧĲģնطʤ
ֵ䣡
ܿģӳϯطߡ
ԡӥ˸
طֵܣţ
Գط˴ĴָȻ֤ط粻ٵսûһս㾪ĶǺش
ط磬ǰ˵ѧ֪ԵɣˣѧȷʵһЦ˵
ӥһĳĬֻ۷ؿط硣
ȻطʶĿͬȻʧɫδеһ˿ӳ־ͽȡġ
һְ
طԣ΢΢һЦδ˵ʲôǽĿͶ˳İɳġ׵ٺڶˡ
طӳףñʤΪ벽֮µһˣ
Ϊɳʵǿ˵İɳǰȿطء
ףطӳ
׵ڶˣҲǷ׷
һ̣ȴطʾףأǴڵѧġطŻѧ磡
лл
ط΢Цл˵˼ָƣδơ
һĻ˹¼ǿ˸궡͢ʥŮȥطףأնˡ
Ը궡ԣط缸ûнطн
һ£ȥкȻҪἰϣǼ䲻ʵġ
ڰ
طμѧʱΪ͢ʥŮط֮Ů
ʱΪطѧչֳʵǱѪԣط˺øУӽ͢棬޸ط磬طܾˡ
ڣȡ
ǸطѲط硣
͢ʥŮݣѲʸվطǰˡ
Ϊطܾ֮ߡҲ˳ΪطѵĻᡣ
һûκκʵݣܹǰطףء
ͬʱΪӢҹݿҲû߹ȥ
ֻط类ȫ㣬лϲššš
һ̣ӾãܹΪطŮˣ͸õ
ݿһΪ֯Ҳûйȥ
ڼ֮࿴ݿϵЦݣгΪطе֮⣬һĨ޷ѹƵĽ뼵ʡ
ƻĴʦˣҲ˳ˣȥðɣ
ʱ˹ߵƻǰƻ񣬷롣
˹̻ʣллĺ⣬Ҫסˡ
ƻҡͷԾܾ˹롣
õġ
˹΢ЦӦ
͢ٴη룬ǳڣҲٴμ͢뻪ѧĹϵ˵Ρ
֮󣬽͢δһʱվֺ֧ӵѧ磬ֱط˵λĿֲǿٸԣ͢Ͷɳʵ̫ű̬
С磬߰ɣ
˹֮ƻĳط翪ڣѯʵ
ղžܾ˹룬̶ܴΪط
ڱ֮ǰطǹʽ𡯸֪ƻģƻ֪ط綯á𡯣ĹھĴѪʮ
õģƴʦ
طͷȻԿ׵١ڶͰɳĵλҪȻסˣڡ
õģطӳ
׵١ڶͰɳľһ΢Цͬʱûط硣
£ط䡢ӥԺƻġ
ڴ˹УطĿɨݿݿ΢Цҡͷַʽʾط粻к
طͷȻ΢Цʾһ¡
һУط˹ϯ
С磬ģ
طʦ˲𣡡
طʦǻѧ統֮Ӣۣ
ϯϣѧŵЩʦ׷׿ڳط磬ǡ껡һ޳˶طĳƺС磬޵ǳƺطΪʦ
Ψ䴺ͳʦ̫ûпڡ
£ǵȫûлѧʤеϲãһ࣬ǸоǱط統ڳ˼Ƶġ
λʦˣӦġ
طڰ֣һǫѷȴ䴺ͳʦ̫˵˿δȥһۡ
˾һߣҾһɡ
طһֱΪ˴ԭ
ݵĽ֮طƻĵ˳Ź㳡ȥ
ط磬ط磡
ط뿪ϯЩߺطķ˿׷۸ߺ֣֪ǻط磬ɳ֮ǰļС
㳡⣬ѵȺʱһǱ񳵣һǴͳʹݾƵר
С磬
ƻͣ½Ųط֡
õģƴʦ
طͷֱƻȥ
˼״֪ƻҪط罻
ʵȷˡ
ƻطϳ֮󣬻صմ汼񳵵˾
һֻط硢ƻĺˡ
С磬û°ɣ
ϳ֮ƻı㿪ʵüĿ֮Щǡ
ƴʦֻھʱգͬʱһЩѪûʲô£ָͺˡط΢Ц˵
Ǿͺá
ƻԣȻһϵؿط磬С磬лл㡣
ƴʦǻѧһӣһֱڸҰǴӴֽǶȣǸ˽ǶȣһжӦģлҡ
طҡͷͬһϡ
֪ƻļڸлΪѧӮñ䣬ҲڸлɱҮޣΪƻĵĶӱ
طĻƻĳұһ£û˵ʲô
һֱһˣҼὫԼ뷨ϣΪʲô
ط֣ΪԼĶӱ𡪡ƻⱲӵһοˣ
С磬Ҽǵ㵱ʱѪ˰ôû£
ղЩأ㿪ڴƳĬʳеɻ
Ѫ˵£ҰҧƿǻװѪƭԵˡطص
ԭˣΪء
պƻȻ򣬰̾ط粫ɱ֮ḻ
С磬Ү˵ʲô
ƻҲʳеһɻ
ؼǵãʤֳ֮طҮ˵˾ʲôҮ޵Ѫ
Ҹʵ۷ǿߡ
ط΢΢һЦҿյס




1884 ʿ
԰ƵʢľƵ֮һҵ1889꣬Ի͵ʷУӴڶҪˡ
ΪӢҹݿ˴󣬱ס԰Ƶꡣ
Ƶǵ͵񣬿ͷ׷ѡûɫɫΪɫбµƷͶֹҾߣԴԽʱյʷС
Ƶ궥La TerrazzaFabio Ciervo͵кʳοϲ
ҹĻٵʱ򣬲ѾԱʦھĵ⿣οڿĵƷʳ
һ䣬ݿλϣڴؿŲڡ
ƹ£ԭӵһŴݿϻžµױݣһɫȹѩ׵Ĳһ챦ʯš߹ʣͬͯ߳Ĺòɷ
Դݿ֮󣬱ΪԿһķ羰ߣûһʿǰڨ
ΪΪӢҵһֵ³վݿ󣬳䵱ڣݿͬʱҲֹǰݿڨ
ͻȻ֮䣬ݿ˫ͬʯһտŷ˾ϲĹâϸӿֳ˼˷ܡ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥؿط߽˲
ط紩һɫĳۡ
һֱط粢ûд۵ϰߣҮɱ֮ʱ·˺ȾѪѾûˡ
յģһζûд
Ϊطų۵Եʣ˿˺ͷԱ⣬ܶĿⶼϡ
Դˣط粢⣬Ŀһɨ˲㿴һ˷ܵݿȻ˵ע£ֱ˹ȥ
һĻЩݿʸе޵ʿһĽʺޡ
װķ磬ˡ
ۿطݿֱվ

³Ҳǵһʱط񣬱ֳ㹻ء
һ棬ӢܹȻط簵塣
һ棬طѾѧδе񻰣Ϊ˰벽֮µһˣмϣȫۣ֮
˼ݿе³
طǻӦݿȻ³Ͽشкã³ϴʦ
ҾͲ͹òˡ
³֪еطһƽ׽˵ˣѴӲڼӣط֮еأ³Щܳ
£³ȥ
ΪطݿߣݿǾ԰ȫġ³ϼΪݡ
磬ô
³ߺݿЩĺ۵ؿط硢첲ʵ
ؼǵãطҮ޶ԾʱѪģ۶ѡ
Ѿˣʱͻãõġ
ط΢΢һЦƶͨ˶Կݣ߶ԣֻˡ
ϣصʹݾƵ֮󣬱ʹݵҽΪƣ˿̼ͷű۴ʯ࣬ɫˡ
Ǿͺá
طôһ˵ݿŷȻԱ÷Աʼϲˡ
װķ磬֪ر˶Ϊ𾪣Ϊ㻶
һУݿ۷Ź⣬ݶĽؿط磬³廹˵ѧ񻰡Ѿûм˱ˣδһԱǸǿ󣡡
ϣطЦЦ
Ȼڲá𡯵ǰ£ʵ껡Ү޵Ⱦǿеľ԰ûݿЩ
ݿһѧ⺺طˣҲ
սʱḺˣ֪ʲôʱܽһУ
ݿ˵ţžӿֳ˼ֵǡ
ˡ
ط˵
ֻǽ书۷ǿ߾ɻɱǿǿĴڡҮޣļһͻƾǿ߾ȫĿԿɱ벽ǿߡ
ƻĵжϣڰսԽԽˡ
ǳս֮ʱع֮ʼ
̫ڴһ쵽ˡ
ݿڴ˵
Ȼ֪طعҲߣ棬ԣطƽκε鶼Ҫ
ΧЩʿĽʺ޵ĿУطݿһõ죬һʳơ
ƿ¶ǣݿžͬﵺѣͮͮģҪγˮһ㣬ΧʿɱҲЩʿطĽʺ޳ֱ
ݿ㿴ȥЩˣǽòͰɣ¥
ط翴ݿ˼⣬˵
õģװķ硣
ݿͷ˫֮ⰻȻڼӵطͷĳϢ
£ݿվȻסطû˵ұۣҸطϣŲȥ
һĻЩʿĽʺֱ۷塣
Ȼ
ĽҲãҲգֻĿطݿ뿪
³һֱڲ⣬ݿط߳ʶȤû
Ƭ̺طݿ˾Ƶͳ׷
뷿䣬鶯ݿֱ˫ֹסطĲӣط硣
һǣ˰⡢˼鶯
˴ͳ׷ſڣǱߣǵԣǵ˴ߣֱǵݿϢͣ
װģˣ𣿡
һǹݿڴ˵
С
ж㣬桭
˵䣬ݿ˦˽µĸ߸ЬŽĽѾĵ̺ϣȻ⿪ȹ
ƹ£ݿƯһƬͨ죬ĶˣǸ߹ŵʣγ˽Ȼķ

ͯеĹġŮʿ




1885 侲嶯
ҹɫŨͷȻһƬȫص߱鲼еĸ䣬ڸֳϣһ߳һŻѧѧϵı䡣
ĲͬλһƬȴʮֵİ
ƬѾںܶˡ
׼ȷ˵Ʒ֮͢Ƭ㽨ˣΪȨľۼء
ŷ齨ȫ򻯵Ḷ̌Ƭӭ˲µˡ
ЩȫأôĳƱķ
ҹĻ£һıվ̨жһƣԶƻͨĳУҲ֪Щʲô
װȣô
ͻȻһ𣬽֯ƶϯߣȻϢȵ
ûС
˲عתϯҡҡͷüĿ֮ȴһĨš
Ĩźܶݣȴϯ߾۵ס
װȣıңѡϯ΢ЦŲȵĻԡ
֪ܱϯ߿̽ˣھ֮ΪûҪϯ˼ٴϯߵĻѡ˳Ĭ൱ĬϯߵĻ
װȣȻôΪʲôȥأ
ۿȳĬϯٴʵ
һæֻһͨѣʲôȥأ
ԳһЦϯߣԼġ
ŶæЩʲô
ϯߵȻ΢ЦȻȤʡ
ѧӮα䣬ûѧ糹ƿ˵ȨٴγΪ˻ѧӢۣⲻҪףһ˵
װĺӣΪ𣿡
ϯߵĿƽǴĳħһ㣬ܹȵ˼

ϯߵעӣ̾˿ɬӦøӢҹݿһ𡣡
Ϊʲôأ֮ǰ˵ѧӮʤѧӮ˱֮ѧĲġսձ̵ӡŷڡɣɱ
ϯ߹ɻ˵֪Щ˿ɶû뿪кܴΣա
ΣյġΪսڣǶŻ˵ɵλĿֲǿѧ粻Ĳġͬζɱط磬Բᶯ֡
侲Ȼɫӵؿϯһۣүүĺϲʱأ𣿡
Ȼһ쵼ߣӦÿɵƿԼۺʱεضܱ侲Ҫ֯ϣȻŹĥľѻᡣϯߺ̹Ȼ˵
үү֪ǰΪԼͨĿ飬еڣȴеᷳɫӵ˵
Ϊʲôϯ߲⡣
Ϊ侲ͳ嶯УҪ嶯
һЦȻӣеľһֻó˿ɬ
Ʋ࣬Կࡣ

ͬʱսסʹݾƵ꣬һƬţոѹ֡
ʵϣӻصƵˡ
˶ܸܵǹŭɱ⣬´ùͷҪ˵ȥŶңڴڼ䶼û˻桢
ֱ˿̣ķſڡ
Ϊ֯벽ǿ֮һͶ⸺ˣԼӦͨһ
ϾѧӰʵ̫ˡʧȥ˵Ȩ
ˣҿԽ𣿡
վڷſڣûֱŶ룬ǿʾ
š
ﴫɭ
ֱšţŶ룬Ȼ󿴵ϥڷ̨ϡ
һĻûֱǰվڷſڣ΢΢ǷˣûӰ쵽ɣ
𣿡ʡ
õ鱨طǸںӢҵĹһʾǷҪȥɵ
ֱ⣬Ȼ󲹳ͬĻԳ֣ؽǸɱ
ȥ𣿡
ԣȻŴڤƣڷʡ
ֻҪһ£ھȥɫ
ٴĻܵǷݼתٴʵ㲻Ǹǿɱ㣿
Щ£ҸɱǸС顣
ʵ˵¶ߵѪԺͳ嶯Ȼ˵ԼķңΪǸ˲һǡ
û壬ɱҲ޷ıʧȥȨʵҡͷ
¡ˣѵɱǸСˣһѿʵ
ɱȻҪɱǽ
˵ȥðգⲻֵá
취ȥ
ӿֳһĨůȻ
ǲȥġ
ٴҡͷһնĻǽʥ˵ù㳡Ͳᱳˡ
һΣĬˡ
Ϊ֪˵ʵЩԶǸӾǸֲĻˣ
֮⣬ҲǸطøмֵһЩٴοڣˡ
¡ˣµļƻˣ
һϳź档
С
ڣ˸ɭĹâ
ţ
һɣĻ˼ô򵥡




1886 
ʱ䣬ߵӵʱطŻ˫ۡ
ЩΪûа׼ʱһ졣
һ棬Ү޽ѡյһսеھʹѪݿսЩƣ
һ棬սɿǸңԼĶݵϢұýǻϵġ
ߵӵʱ򣬺ѾѾŴҲԼĵ⡣
ط֮ŤͷһݿſԼļͷһֻ˯Сè䡣
ɫҸЦݡ
Ǵ㡢ֺҸ˯ȥġ
ݿ˯ӣطûдţͷֻ򿪷һЩδϢ
ЩϢ඼ףأ͵ˡѵ֪طʥ˵ù㳡һս顣
ЩϢط粢δظµϢʱȴͫ΢΢Ŵ
ǵ֪սǳƵǱʲôʱʱ䣿
ط翴Ϣݣ´Ȼ˯£׷Ŀͨµĵ绰
ף
ɽƺһֱڵطĵ绰ط粦ͨ绰˲ͨ˵绰Ȼȿڣףء
£Ӧó緹˰ɣ
ط翴һ׷ӱʾʱ䣬뵽ʱྩʱСʱ
ǵģǸոճ緹
Ƿɿػһ䣬ȻһʶʲôʵԺͺƵ
ԡ
ط֮Ը»绰ΪĿġ
Եһ£ȥټǡ
˷ܵ˵֪Ϊ㺢ǵԸΪƵпط硣
£¹Ҷϵ绰Ȼɿ뿪Լסźǵסȥ
ͳ׷ĿطɳϣȴµĻص硣
ԼĪʮӺطֻٴһ·Ƶ
ط罫ֻǰȻͨƵ
֣طؿ׻ƵʮĻεĽһ۾ɵϴϵļͬµĴ⣬޷Ρ

󣬵طڽͶӰʾ֮󣬺뻮һվطϹ񣺡źã
Ǻã
ط΢ЦŻӻ֡
ףűʤٴγΪѧӢۡҪѧϰ
ܿ죬Ϊ׵ĶʮӣݵؿƵеط磬ش˵
ţõĽǶΪѧӢۡ
۶ᶨط΢Ц˵ţͬʱֻĳұˣĪ
һ̣֪ʲôֱܾ֮󣬲ųס
ǴС
ͬϸʮЩΪ˻վӢսĸʿΪһ˵ĴС
绪ѧһӷϰĸ䣬ſձ̵ǿдһһս򵱴߽дС
ڣڣڣƣɢ

һӺط뺢ǽ죬Ƿ׷뿪ңظԵסݣȻڽվھͷǰ
ʲôָʾ𣿡
Ļд˯µطͳ׷ıܹµطӦòһסû˿Ľʣеֻǿġ
ƺԣܹطˣͨƵַʽ
£ҪˣһػĺҪྩһʱ䡣ڼ䣬ѺǵĻʳŪһЩǷż٣Ǻúһ档
ط˵Լİţָʾ
֪һĴҪˣطҪ㸸ĸڣҪȥؼ̫үɨĹڶྩ
õģ
µһʱȻԥһʵҪ˽Ҷʦͻྩ𣿡
ãʦԣ׻Ƶڵļң㺢һġطܾµ顣
ˡ
˵ţаԼͿ
ֻطҪҶ꣬ȴûҶԼ⡣
ǵ͵ƨɾԴ
طҶϵ绰ͻȻݿŵ˯£վſڡ
ҳ𣿡
ݿ˵ߣط翪ʵ
ûУһΣεҪߣȻȥץ㣬ץˣȻҾˡݿԴί˵
طߵݿǰӵһݿȻݿͬһ㾫µݿȷʵҪˡ
𣿡
ݿ˲ᡣ
šطͷ
֪ˡ
ݿ˵ţ뵽ط֮ǰڵ绰˵ѸٵһϾҪĴˣҪúءлᣬҲȥһǻĵĴڡ
ãʱҴᡢơطЦŵ
ڴء
طⷬݿĵЦȻ뵽ʲôʵˣװģһֱһɻ󣬲֪òʡ
˵
ǳ㣬һһγΪѧĵӢۣΪʲôүүһֱϲ㣿ݿСʵ
֪
طҡҡͷȻԺвֳָԼؽһ߳鷿Ļ棬۾һ죬һ׿ڸң
ԲҲʡ
طĻݿط仯Ǹ˵
ûϵ
طָֹ˹ݿıӣȻݿ߽ҡ
ͬʱ
ྩؼҴԺ
ȫһݾļؽ鷿š
Ϊؽ飬ȫ֪ؽвͬûݵϰߣ쳣ʢ
ǰһֱ˼⣬ֱؽһŽط߳鷿Եɡ

ܿ죬鷿ﴫؽͳ
׳
ȫŶ룬ſվؽʺãȻŻ㱨ѾٸԱı棬Ŀ
ùɡؽͷ
ǣ׳
ȫֱߵ칫ǰ˫ֽݸؽ
ؽӹ棬ͷȫȴûת뿪
£
ؽͷҲδ̧ʵ
׳ϢǱߡ
ȫԥһ£ٴοڻ㱨
ȫʲôʱʼһϲˣ
ؽȻ̧ͷüȫĻ
׳Ҵˣ
ȫŵûһ£æϴ
ȥ
ؽĮ³֣Ȼͷ档
ǣ׳
ȫת뿪鷿ؽȻѾ֪ԼղҪ㱨Ǽ顣
֪ؽôԿ϶Ҫˣ




1887 
Ͽʼȫص߱½뿪ѧѧıѾ䶨ûκ塣
ѧšձ̵ӡŷڵһҲ뿪
ʱطƻĵ˵һר뻪ѧŵĳԱһͬྩ
䴺볾ʦ̫˲ûطС
ڴ˴α̬⣬ŵԱУطʵжǷصʱͬеĻֻǵĳ裬Ǹеѿ
Ϊˣ˺ʶȤзػġ
ˡ
ɻǰطֻһ£һȷϢ
ط磬Ϊѣʤк뿪ǻĵĹŻ˵вǶ𰡡
ط㿪ϢݺЩȻû뵽ȾȻԻĻ˽⡣
ȻطȻһϢǸȣߵ̫æǸ˵ˡ
ܿ죬ȱظϢףһ·ƽ⣬㲻ҪӦҵӴһںʵʱȥģ
ллһţĻӭ㡣
طǻظףᵽԼӦҪĵ顣
Ϣ֮طûٻϢ㽫ֻػˡ
ʮһСʱ󣬷ɻ׼ʱྩʻպྩʱ㡣
λʦͲҹܷˣ·ɻнɢ
ɻ֮ͣ󣬲ȿսк»վ֯Զλʦļңӭʱؼң
ã
䲿ʱȥ䷹ģ

һʱ䣬Һģ൱ҡ
Ȼѧ˱ʤ˵ȨҶܸˡ
ҲЦˣЦЩȻ
طһͬ߳գƻվǰŵĳԱ
С磬ȥúˣڼ裬ʱҪȥܡ
ƻļط΢Ц˵
õģƴʦ
طͷȻƻġ˵
ʦãСӣ֪ˣܲ𣿡
Ŀطȥ̲֮סʵ
ƻĳĬ𰸲Զ

Ϊǡø°߷ڣطصĸסʱߵˣѾˡ
ͬһطصҵʱĸһӲ˵ˡ
ͬǣ֮⣬ѩҲڡ
ӭǵĴӢۿ
ԭѩڿɳ죬ط֮󣬵Ц˵
֣衣
طĸʺãȻЩؿѩ㣬ѩ㣬ôҲ˵һ
ִྩ֮󣬵һʱѩ˱ѩ㲢δ
ǲӭңѩ״
СӣѩۼһҪ㱨ҿǷˣ
ط翪ڣȿˣȻ߹һץסطҪط硣
ط۴ʯ࣬˱޷̧𣬱ôһһɾʹΪ˲øĸ֪Լˣ治ɫЦݵұƻǳ극ȥѩġ
⻹࡭
Ц۾гһ϶ȻͻȻòԾסС磬ĸ첲ôˣô̧
ʱ˵ˣʯ࡭
ԭط粻øĸ֪Լ˵飬˿̱ˣֻʵ
迴
طĻɫʱͱˣڲط˵ֱ꣬Ӵϣϳŵǡ
˵𣿡
Ҳǿ첽˹üͷšһ𣬱ǡ
壬̣ط˵˵飬Ʋأеѣߵʣͺˡ
ѩٴοˣ֪طʵƣȴ˵һЩ
Ϊط˼򸾵ġ
ǻã·ˣҿ
ѩĻ˿ɲģԼ顣
裬ȳԷɣ극طЦá
ȳԷɡ
ڣͬط飬ͬʱҲǶѩεı֡
ðɣǵȳ극ٿǣС磬첻ܺȾƣҲܺȣͬˣͬʱҪ
ã
ط縸ͬ
طһĿһ߳Էһġ
طÿλؼһ඼ʣط˵ĬĬ
ˣС磬֯ôգ
ط署̸кٸԱ֮ͻȻ뵽ʲôʵ
壿
ط羪ͫ׷Ŵһµؿ
㻹֪𣿡
ѩ״ʶʲô
ʲôˣ
ط¿ӣ̳ѩʵгɻͼȡ
ʶˣǴ£
˾ͻ֯Ϊһ£֯ѣΪ֯⣬Ҫͼ첿ų£ദ
ѩ㿪˵濪ͬ⳹£ͼ첿ŵѾפ֯ˣ˵Ҫһˣа֯쵼
ৣ
ѩĻشطɫʱͱˣԼƻĸʱƻ˵Ǿ仰
ʱط粢û⣬ƻѾ֪ˣԼ룬˵Լ׼ȷһЩ
֮ˣΪһݡΪ֯εʱʵȻڱͨ
ңʱһ£֯൱ƻ飬İ
ҸôһǳƻȥģͬʱҲطʧȥ֯Ŀɽ
Ӣսƴںǿɺޣ
طۣҧгݣ֮гŭ⡣




1888 ط
ôΪ˶Ը㡣
ѩͻȻ˵
ܹܵطķŭûбطӰ쵽ǱžԵ侲ĿǰûдϢֻֿܡ
һ֯Ǳ߱㡣
ڶȵòʱ㷢ѡ
Ȼѩôһ˵˲ɵǵüͷ
طݵλ֯ĸΣ֯ŲжΣطθ󡪡ݣ֯ıȡְڷ
Ҳ˳ҵƻΡ˱ǣ
ݵķŭطҲ侲˼֣ȻֱóֻҪյĵ绰
С磬µΪ֯ĿԸҲ˵֯Ǳ֪߳ݵ顣ˣ֯յҲأ㽫򷸷ץĿǰ滹ûдץϢ
ʱһֱĬˡ
ΪĺٽȻʧȥؼδӰ˵λãҲʧȥ˼ϿǵĻᣬϷ򣬸̡̲
ֻһϲҰеĶթܵطӰˡ
˿̣һѪָ˹ؼ
֪
طͷγûпһ㣿
ôʵ
Ҳƻκ˱ǣط
طĻشĬ
ֹ
գѩٴοȰط磬ͬ˵ô㼴ƭ˻֯ҲţǸôĻᴦĴø⣬Ͷݡ
֪
ط˵ţֱӲյֻ
Բĺʱ޷ͨ
ܿ죬СͲд
Сط粻üͷ
û´Ļڽ̸ܵ飬޷ϵ
ͬҲͲдѵͲҪżˣȥһ˻֯ʲô
š
طͷû˵ʲôӿʼԷ
Ȼ
ղôһ֣ԭϲ칦磬ȫޣط˶û˼ٳԶ
ͺܿˣѩʰϴ꣬ҽʰɾ
һУѩЦŶ˵塢̣Ȼȥˡ
ѩ㣬ôˣͲҪˣסɣῪ
ˣ̣绹иᣬϻȥҪ׼һ¡
ѩ΢Цѡ
ԣûκطһҪ֪
ðɡԣȰ
㡣طǰ˵
á
ѩͷȻ򸾸𣬡塢̣ټ
£ѩطһͬ߳¥һֱ͵СԺ⡣
ԲΪ֪¡
תؽ¥ѩطһߣһڵ֪㻹֪£ͲˣҲӰա
ɵϣ˵ʲôأ
طЦѩԴңǶԵġҶҲƻΡǱ顢̸ʱ򣬻á󱭺Ⱦף
ʲôҶǰ֧㡣
ѩͣ½Ųط˫ۣڣ󣬵ᶨ
֪
طסѩļͷ΢΢۾Ұָʹɱ˵ֻ֤Ǿʱ죬û
һΣѩû˵
ΪڶԸϣﲻط硪үүļ壬Ϊطȥҳ֣

ڶһ磬ط׻֯ܲ
ʻ䵱칫¥ĹŽǰʱ򣬺ȻվվڹŽǰ
ϵطҪˡ
Ȼطͣ³˹Ͳµڵˡ
壬ôôңطʵ
β˵ڻҲ˵ʱ䰲ˣʲôùܡ˵
𣿡طʵ
ڡ
ǻӦط磬Ȼûط칫ĹŽǵ֪һʵģ߰ɣ԰ߡ
á
طͷȻղ԰ֵĵ·ϣʵ壬ʲô
δ˽̸˴
˵Ρμǹ֣ұְ
ৣ
ȻطԤеãյĻɫǲһ䡣
ȻҲˡ
Ц˵ƺһҲⱻְһ¡
壬ȥҵˣǣǲ֪飡طɫ
仰үүҲ˵
ʶ˵˵һʶ˲ԣæסˣΪʱ
طɫٴһ䣺壬㻹ң
ҶˣȻѾ˵ˣǾ͸ɡ
̾˿Ȼŵ֮УΪ˾㣬Ǳѧ翪սľȥģ;ӵؽĵ绰ؽڵ绰Уιȫ֣Ʋ֪ܡ
ƻλع֮󣬻ǳһ㡣һǱ֪顣Ϊ˱㡣
θṩɣǻѧһǿߣδѧɾͲΪѧܶ顣
˵ͣһ£ͬⲻ׷ΣȫΪѧսӮ˵Ȩ
طĬ˫ȭյøˡ
ؽΪ˱ⱻ²صظƻĴ绰ƻطƲϵ
ƻΪ˾ط磬֣ΪҰЦ
ǰطϵүүط粢ѪԵϵ
֮֮ͬ
طۣ˫ȭʵ壬˰ָʹɱҵ֤ݣܷԴ˰⵹ң
ڵƣҪ˵⵹ң֤ǣǸ˶δػ¡
ҡͷΪ֯ձ飬ôһᱻɴǲġյ֤Ҳ޼£ǡ
ʲôطʵ
ؽ㣬Ծ¡
˵ţа֪̾ǲܵ顣
壬ҵۣ֮ͳˣδǳսó֤Ƿãط˫ȭʡ
һ죬ĻΪ٣
üĿ֮дڴ




1889 ̫ү
賿㣬ط򸾣ѩ߳¥һγ
ר˾첢ڣط縺𿪳ڸʻѩںš
ط뿪ԺŰ˱ɽĹʻȥ
ؼ̫үɽļգطһҪȥɽ
ʱӵʱջһƬڣֵԵ·ŵƹ⣬·Ϻٿˡ
طһ·ֻͨһСʱϵ˰˱ɽĹͣͣ
ʱ磬˱ɽĹûпţɨĹ
֡裬ѩ㣬ڳһᣬҽȥ̫ү˵˵
ط罫ͣ£ûϨ𣬳￪ů磬Ȼ򸾺ѩ˵
á
ѩ˲Լͬؿڡ
طʱؼ̫ү˵ǰϵԭ
طȵ˵ٽ˱ɽĹĻһĹǰؼ̫ү˵ؽ桪ȫõϢؽ˾ŵӵʱϵĹɽɨĹ
ط磬򸾣ڽؽ
ط粻ٷϻ³˲ʧѩ˵
ܿģط˰˱ɽĹΧǽһԾƮȻԺڣȻͬҹһؼ̫үĹء
һĻȥꡣ
ȥʱطؼ̫үɨĹҲ֪Ǳġ
ͬǣȥʱطͷŻͷͨϳ˻ģǸͷ͵͵صྩġ
Ѿͨྩͻˡ
Ƭ̺طؼ̫үĹǰûȥ̫ү˵ϸӦܵһС
ȥʱطڸؼ̫ү˵ʱӦ˲ڲԶǿòɺ棬ȥ鿴ʱʲôûз֡
ʱԼ˻þ˵ĻȻϢ뿪һ㶯ûС
죬طȴˡ
ΪǰãһȺǿߵƤ£һȺ벽ǿߵͷȻϢػ죡
ԶȻϢطǰ뿪Ѷȴˣ
Ȼ
طϸӦ󣬷Χûκ쳣һƬž
ȥ겢ǲþĻôڲɺǸ˺һ𣿡
˭Ҷʦ֣ˣ֯Σ
ط̲סаԼ벻Ȼ
Ϊˣٶ룬ֱӹؼ̫үĹǰ
̫үˡ
ҹĻ£طڵϣɽĹϵƬֽǮʳ̾ƶڳϣҰԺѩһͬȽ˵Ự
ȥʱ˵ҽѩ㡣
ʱǣҿԹػصģȥӭȢѩ㡣
һص˻ģӭȢѩ㻹Ҫٵһȡ
շϰߣѩûйţǲģҴӦ㣬Ͱˡ
룬϶෴ܸˣô
Ͼôϲ
̫үȥһ귢˺ܶ飬Ұ˵
˵طȻؼ̫үĹǰƵģʼؼ̫үԼȥһľ
׻Ƶֱִ񣬴ѧѧ䡭
ط粻ͣ˵ţӹ˵ڣ˵ֱѩŶͣ
ط˵һԣøĸǰ̫үɨĹ
үүҺСˡ
˵ţеʳĹǰȻӣһЩơ
һУ򸾹ڵϣؼ̫үͷ㡣
̫үطˡ
֮ѩǰͬ˵ϡ
ţ
һĻЩݡ
Ϊϰףѩǲؼ̫үɨĹģ¹
˿̣ѩһ򣬵Ѿطˣ
طȻҲгŸж
һֱѩ㶼˵һЩҲᷢɽˣ˵Ļ䡣
ط磬˵ʲôҶ㡣
ط磬ʲôҶ֧㡣
֮⣬ԼΪطİ
ؼ̫үǰط绹û۵ʱѩÿ궼ȥؼ̫ү
磬طͷͷͨϳ֮ѩ۶ôæжôҪ⣬ÿĩȥ졢֡Ὺġ
ΪҪǣÿؼʱ̣ܻһ侲ǵ磬ҡ˵ֶȥ֧ط磡
ؼҪȡطѩԼѩֱӺңѩ㣬طˣĹүүִҪҼ޸ǣҴӴ޹ϸ𣡡
طμȫѧʱѩܹʽѺעطʤͶùھ
뻪մʱѩΪ˸طʽԴѹڸ۹ɵй˾ɼۣ뻪һݺ
ʱĬĬվĻ֧ط磬طıݣʱֻѪүһϧһдط硪ˣûţ
ҹȨӵеŮ񣬻ȫ̽һ
е߹ǡ֮ˣɡ
Уֻһ
طŮˣ




1890 ˣ
˵չյ˰˱ɽĹͣ
ؽǰؼ̫үɽɨĹ
ͬؽÿΰ˽³һûǰ绰֪ͨ˱ɽĹĹλҲûдľֻ˾ȫԵʮֵ͵
֣ĳڡ
³֮˲Զר¿ڡ
ؽδ³ʱ򣬱㿴ĳδӦŰ˱ɽĹȥ
ͬˣûڣ˿̷׷׸ؽ󣬱鲻һ˼Ҳͬ
Уˣüͷؽһһࡣ
ΪȡΪؼҵĿ֣Ϊط缸νѵǣ򸾶طһҵ̬Ϊӡ
򸾡ɫӡ
ԣһҲϣԶҲϣؼڧҲֻˡ
ΪǶ֪ؽı̬ȣؼ֮ڣûܸıĿǰơ
ǡշˣһ⡣
ط缸νѵǣȥڰ˱ɽĹһƽǳΡ
һУն˶طǷ飬޲ط糬
ؼһ棬һֱ˰̵ĸоܲޣ
Ⱥ֮УΨŮҶٻһ˷ܡ
ؼһ֮Уطϵãʼ֧ط磬нط統ɴӢۡ
Ϊط
֮⣬ȫ˳ԣؽıӰһ˼
ԭؽǰϾŵϵģʱǰһСʱ
طһ
ǹΪ֮
ɺϣ
ȫûд𰸣ãطؽ沢Ǻ¡

ؽһ˵ִɽĹصʱطһѾɨĹϣ׼뿪
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ
ؽһˣ򸾣ѩɫһ䡣
ȫ˵ؽһ˾ŵӲŻᵽ˿̲Ų˵롣
طһƽ
Ͳؽ˳ˣûпѸĸȻעҪײˣΪҪ˱ܣ
ؽߣǶר֪طһûоþȡ
һʱ䣬շ·ˡ
£˫վɽĹǰ࿴ţû˿ڡ
硢ɩӡ
ȿڣʺã˰
ԣҲ׷׸źһ
塢
ͬʱĶӺҶٻҲڳʺá
΢΢ףȻĿؽϡ
Уı࣬üͷüĿ֮޷εԹ
һӡ
ԴؽҪطϳ֮Ҳûмؽˡ
һһμؽ
֡
ţţվؽк
ûлӦ
ؽվޱ飬Ǹо·طһˣԾİˡ
ıӸӣϵԹŨ
ͬʱ뿪˵ʲôȴҡ
򸾣ǡշ򸾣һԹ޵ضط磬Ǹо޲ýطƤ
֣ǲҪȥ˼ҵƨˣXXѹûĺ
Ÿѿı΢΢͵طеһĪۣ¿ڣ֮гŷ֮⣬߰ɡ
á
һһȻŸ첲ط硢ѩ뿪
һ
ףףһס
طһߵؽԣûκν̸ûȥԷֱӲ
һĻ˲䶨Եø졣
ΪؽûпڵԵʣ˶ҿطһ˽̸
ֱطѩߵҶٻǰʱĬűơ
磬ѩ㡣
Ҷٻһسطѩ˴к
ٻٻֱƯˡ
طͣ½Ų΢ЦҶٻԴãһֱʮ۰
磬˵ѧѧ顭
طĻܵط簮Ҷٻеϲúϵļֱȫĸֹ˷ܵ˵
Ȼ
ҶٻĻ˵꣬㱻һͳɭϡ
죡
ؽδתֱӿֹ
ȻؽĻҶٻŵæͣϵļ˲˿ֻţӶܿƵزһ¡
СٻҪ˵
ͬʱæ߹һץסҶٻĸ첲ҪҶٻԼߣҶٻطԶһ㣬Ҫٺطκν̸
Ǹо·ط񣬲طκιϵ
裬ʲôҸ˵仰ôˣ
ԭҶٻؽһŵòᣬ˿̱ĸק뿪ȴеĪһ֣Ȼٴλصطߡ
ַʽط磬Լط硣
ৣ
һĻɫȻһ䣬Щؿؽ
Ҷٻ˵ԣһȥ˵ؽȻתޱضҶٻ˵
ৣ
ٴؽѵ⣬ҶٻɫҲһ䣬Щס
ؼ۴Сؽη绢
ҶٻҷԼĸףԲؽǰ
ؽ㻮ޣٻٻұã˵仰ؼҼ𣿡
ҶٻڣطüؽٻٻĻʹû뵽ûȰδԸԸ֣ҲҪң
ৡ
طһڣ֮⣬ؼ˵ɫҲˡ
У򸾺ˣһӡ
ǿطٴȻײؽǽ˫ѷ
򸾣ǡշȻҲһ㣬һϷŰĿ⿴ط磬Ǹо·ڿһСڱݡ
򸾵ɫҲˡ
ֱɿתվطԡ
״ҲĬĬ˹
ѩȻ
ַʽ֧ط硣
ˣ

һ̣ؽһͺȣ쳹ĹϿա




1891 ؽ
ؽһֱԼ̬ȡ
ûȤط罻طһ뿪̬ȼ
ৣৣৣ
ԵĹ֣򸾺ѩɫٴһ䡣
Сٻٻ˵仰ڷô𣿡
ͻȻˣɫ࣬ڷûгƺؽΪ֡
˵ķ𣿡ؽ۶ᣬʵ
֣ôǲ̫ˣ
ҲˣԵЩ
һʦصĺӣΪ˱ԼӺͺӣȻ̤ǰһԼĸ׺
ûֲФؽʣɭͳ
ৡ
ٴؽĻһҡһңһңǵɫˡ
ȻǶû뵽ؽȻᵱ˵Ͼϵֻ
Ƕû뵽ο򸾣
һ̣ؽĻһѷذףҪնе顣
ɫ˲òҰףǽʵӣҲ񴥵һ㣬ܿƵز
ŭؿؽ˵ʲôؿǶʲôƵģһҲ˵ڡ
һı֪ͬοڡ
ѩ΢΢üͷΪؽյΪ̫ˣҲ̫ˣ
Ψطûиеκ⡣
̹ؽ磬ȻؽԼĸĸеŭ
XXô磡
طŭЦؿؽһһʲôʸǹ̫үĹأĹأ
ط磬̫ˣ
ȻطĻؽͻȻѵط硣
뿪ڽѵطˣκҲûᣬֱ˿̲ſڡ
ΪطղǾ仰ʵ̫治ˡؽ
治ô
ಣ
ʱؽˡ
ɽ籼ס
ƾճطǰ˳ƻӳצ״ͬ̽ȡһ㣬Ѹ͵ץط硣
죡
һ̣ؽ˿ûԼʵͬһŭľٶȷӵ˼£ڳط֮⣬ܹоˡ
طȻؽˣûκʱͻᣬƾսܱܿУ
˫ʵ̫ԣ
ž
һ죬ؽһץסط硣
꣡
һץʮ㣬ط˵磬ٴζѣĶϹѪ
ؽطѣȻһᣬطȻǶһ㣬ֱ˦˳ȥ
һУؽͬȥĵһ㣬Ȼصԭء
ӳֵعԭأؽĳֿƸӣʵ˲Ϣ֮䣬ڳûһ˿
ͬʱط˲ɳٶȼ죬ͬĴһ㣬ݺݵײĹǰһòϡ
꣡
ɵӦϣȻһƬҳ
طŲһ𵹵أѪһ󷭹ƸѪ߰ߡ

һĻˣ򸾺ѩˣһ𾪣֪ʲô
С磡
ȴлعһȻط硣
ξѣҲæȥ
磡
ҶٻŵСɷף
ѩҲˣ뿪ǰʶؿؽһۣȻؽѪ
֣ͫ׶Ȼ׸ղؽֽطˣ
ͬʱҲлعʶؿؽ
ؽϵѪʱͬ׸ղؽ֣һǴһ㣬õԲ۾
֡
֮࣬ʶؿڣ˵ʲô
һϸܣ˴ȥһְ䱻֪ҷã
ؽޱشĻ´ﱣܵȻתɽĹʼûȥԶطһۡ
ֱߵɽĹǰɽĹϵգĿ۽Ǽ΢΢
һ̣ˣ˺
΢ȴʵڣ
ͬʱһߡ
طǿżʹӵ𣬼й˺ѵľʹѪϵ䡣
Ȼδϵƣض̫үĹǰؽüĿ֮ŷŭ裡
ư벽֮µһˣһαؽˣҺ޻֮
СС磬û°ɣ
󣬲طջĿ⣬ȳ˹
ÿ춼ܲѧϰط紫ڸغԶͬǿղһܣͬСһ١
֣û¡
طջĿ⣬Ÿҡͷ
ȻˣˣӰ첻ֻҪҩͿɻָ
С磬ղô£˭㶯ˣ
ط˵û£ŷʳеɻ
δؽ֣Ҹղ̫طİΣûпؽȾѪ
һΣطûпڣٴνĿͶؽȻؽؼ˸ɽɨĹ
ţ
طľٶһ𾪡
ؽһǿߣؽȻԶط綯֣
󣬲лعᡢѩҶٻҲ˹
СС磬ˣ˭˵㣿
һ۱㿴طƣۣͬʱʵ
裬û¡ط翪ڣƽؽ֡
ʲʲô
ȻطĻشᣬҶٻԭء
ѩû𾪣ֻؿط˵ѾָӣֻԼǱһֻץУ۵޷
޷طҪôǿ־ſ˶̵ʱڻָƽ
֪Լˣ˿һǳŭ裡
֮⣬һ˿ĺ
ô
ݵ𾪹û仰ȻҪȥؽۡ
裬㲻Ҫȥûõġ
طһסᣬٴοڣڸ򸾺ѩ㡢ҶٻԼò˶ãһȥؼҴԺ




1892 ѩ飿
ʱˮ֪ྩǱƵģֵϵĳ࣬ƽ̸֣ζ
ȥ괺ǰطؽڰ˱ɽĹżǣؽҪ뻪֯Ͼץط硣
ط뿪ྩȥһȻ¾ѵ̫ûУ뿪˻ġ
Ǹʱ򸾺ѩ㱻߽ܵ飬ֱʮŷų
ĳ˵ȥĴڶطһ˶ǲõĻ䡣
꣬طٴؽڰ˱ɽĹؽǶһ˦ɡ
طƲأ˺Ҳ󡪡ؽһ߳鷿͸ס
¶ȴӰܴ

鷢֮ǰȻؽгɼڼؽʱ򺰳֡
ؽ˵Ǿ䡰ûֲФͶط֣һѷذףĴ֧顣
֮⣬ӰطһҵĹա
ط翴ظ߸ĸԼû£Ч
طؽĺ˼£ûѡչͻָƣǾ鸸ĸͬʱҲΪ˴һȥҼԴ㡣
ԭط˼ԼҪȥԴģѩûط
Ϊ֪Լĸĸүү֮⣬ϣԼطһ
һ£طȥ꣬пܻ˵طļǣѩ㲻뿴ģ
޷ںܶϸططΪί
ѩִ绰ط磬ԴҪطһ棬ԼʱǴһϾŵ㡣
Ժſڵĵƹ⣬طؿѩ΢΢죬ȻѾ˺ܳʱˡ
ɵϣҵ˻绰ģΪʲôҪſڵң
ط״ǰ۵ѩԴ
û£߰ɣүү鷿㡣
ѩЦЦȻȻסطָ첲ط߽ҴԺ
ҴԺҲԺԴ㽫ĵص㶨Ժճӵĵط
ؽ׳ѩ㣬ǽȥɡ
طѩԺ鷿ſڵʱԴصſڵȺ򣬼ط磬΢΢һЦ֮ʮأƺطΪ
Ȼ֪ط类ϲε飬Ҳ֪طڻѧĵλ
طԴѧ磬ط־ǻѧ־
ֻٸԹ㳡˵仰Ѿ˻Ȩ㣬˾޴𶯡
ط磬ͷûؼҹ⻷Ҳִٿɱȵģһ˵ֺţ
ңԴ˽⣬طȡõĳɾͣΪŮǰ϶顣
лл
ط΢ЦлȻѩŶ룬ԴǰȲ衣
үүá
طԴʺá
Сˣɡ
Դ²豭΢ЦŻӦȻ󿴵ѩȻطĸ첲ЦŴȤѩ㣬үү鷿ˣ㻹᲻ɿСĸ첲үүǰ𣿡
үүȻ֪ʻ㣬ѵá
ѩЦЦʮֺá
ΪܹܵԴط̬ת䡣
£ѩɿطĸ첲Ȼطһ裬ָԴĲ豭ˮ
һУѩطԣȴԴطĽ̸
С磬ԲƣףΪϲӵϽ
Դ豭һƵơ
ллүү
ط豭һؾĶȻһڡ
С磬ֲִʹѧٸԱ飬Ҷ˵ˡ
Դ²豭Ц˵˺ͣΪ֮Ӣ۶Ӧõġ
үүˣֻ˸顣ط翪ڻӦûǫѷǺƽ
طĻطƽģԴо˸оȲѡ
ӸλһȻܹط粢ڹǫѷ˵ѵĻ
طͣ˼سΪϲӵϽȡ˾˵ĳɾͣ˵ʵѵã
˵ͬ⽫ѩ޸ط磬ҪΪط硢ѩ˵ĻԼѩĲ벻ôãطûؼҵĹ⻷Ҳ㹻ʸŮ
иδңпܻΪطŮ
С磬λعҶ˵ˣֻĺͻ֯νǾľˡԴ˵
ţҺܸлκͻ֯
طͷֻĺͻ֯ΪģԶԶֹԴ˵һЩ
յĻ˵ֻΪ˾ط磬ϧѧ翪ս
ӣǣĳҰ޷ҳڶˣ
С磬ҽ캰һ죬мԴһ£˵̸Ŀġ
үү˵طͷ
ѩҲԴ㣬ԼүүҪط̸ʲô顣
ڹҲȶˣŽҸʱѩˣ㿴ôԴ㿪ʵ
ৣ
ȻԴĻѩһһ侲ǵ΢΢һ죬ɼӿ죬ߵŮһͷĥ½ǣȥط硣
ԣطҪˡ
޸ط磬Ҫ飡
һ죬Ѿ˺ܾáܾá
񣬵һ켴ҪʱеĪļͷ·ҪʵҪһԸƵģ
үүĿǰѩ顣
һ̡
ѩڴĵȴУط翪ھܾԴ顣




1893 ˣ򸴺
鷿ط󣬵ȴͬһԴѩը졣
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ԴɫͱˣͫҲ΢΢ŴüĿ֮Ǿȡ
ȫû뵽طܾ
Ϊطѩ֮ĸ飬ҲطΪܹӭȢѩ㣬Ŭ
ΪҼͬطӭȢѩˣطܾˡ
ܲԴ㾪ȣ
ѩϵɬҲ˲ʧɻȡܿһ˲ط⻰֮е֮
Ϊʲô
ʱԴ㿪ʳеɻͬʱЩǵؿѩһۣѩطղǾ仰еί
Ȼ
ǣѩû˿ίɻ෴ӿŵЦ⡣
һĻԴеɻŨ֪طѩݵһ
үүҺܰѩ㣬ζȢѩ㡣
ط˵ţŤͷǸؿѩ㣬ڻشԴ⣬ѩͣǣΪڻȢʱ򡣡
ѩͷǱʾԼ֪ط绰е˼ҲǱԼط֧֡
һߣԴȴɶĺͷԣС磬Ϊʲôʱ򣿡
үү֪Ҷ𣿡
طûлشԴ㣬Ƿһ䡣
֪
Դͷһơ꣬ΪִˣȻ˳սӣν̹١ң֪ʦ
үү֪ʦô˵𣿡طʡ
ǾܣҲ֪顣
ԴҡͷݵλԺգھˣھĻܲ
Ҷִʧܺͱе飬ھľԻܣһЩж֪ʵ顣
꣬ʦִʱһĳЩ֮ͽй¶٣ڰΧ²Уӻսʿǿѧţ˷ˣ
ط˵ʱЩ֮ҲӿֳһĨɱ
ԭ
Դܹܵط¶ǹɱ֮⣬ҲЩˣɼɻ󣬡С磬ѩϵ
үүԣһᰤ㵱ʦЩˣ
طٴοڣʵĿǰѾһֳˣһЩû㣬аȫǿڰĺĳԱ

֣ԴüͷʱݣȻ֪δǳս
š
طͷǻӦԴ㣬ȻǸ˽а¹˹źڰʹĵ֮һ
С磬˼ǣȰʦ֮ѩ飿
ԴٴοڣҲط֮
ǵģүү
طٴεͷȻֲĿǰʵǸ¹˹Ķ֡ң¹˹Ҫҵʵ֮ϣɱҲһ׵顣Һսᷢδ˺ǳսС
ˡ
ԴüĿ֮ɻ󳹵ɢɫڼʵΪδǳս͸ʦ׼뽫˼ɢϡ
үүҵ·ģѩһĿеĻ񡣡
ط˵ٴοѩ㣬֮оǰ⣬Ȣ֮ǰ˽ᣬеĳŵ֣ûκȫĵȫǶ˵硣
ط磬֧㡣
ѩĻطŨŨ⣬ѩ̲סˣ֮ͬ˰⣬ҵ˽֮Ȣң
ǻʵ۲̫༱
Դ״̲סЦŴȤȻǱ˴ͨ˰ţҾͲˡǾ֮ǰҾУϹͷȥֻ񡣡
ллүү
طԴϹлǸлԴֵԼĳŵΪԼѩֻҲǸлԴԼղǷ֧֡
С磬㲻лңҪлĻлѩɡ㲻ǰ˳ǰٷ֧֣֮Ϊ룬һѵõϱɲܹԴٴ˵
Ȼ
һΣԴ˵꣬ѩ㿪ڴĻүүҺط֮˵лл
ѩ㰡˵޳ȥĹͬóȥˮ⻹ûأ첲հ
ԴЦãȻٴοط磬֣ص˵С磬δǳսҲ֪һЩϢҪΪʦ𣬻ҪǳսһΣյ顪һҪԼ
İɣүүСʱ򣬵ûɱңɱң͸ˣطŵ˵
ţڵʵһһģ
һСʱطԴ죬ѩһͬ߳ҴԺ
Բѩ㣬ԭµҵ˽
طѩļͷǸ˵
ɵӣˣ֮Զ˵Բ𡣷ȥ飬ҹԹԵȢҡ
ҹĻ£ѩط˫ۣᶨүү˵ҪԼҲҶΨһҪ󣡡


1894 壬
طѩ뿪ҴԺ󣬲δǰྩǶǽѩͻ丸ĸ
Ϊϰףǹڼ䶼Ҫаꡢݡ
ط粻ѩΪԼҳ׽ϵ㽩
ѩԣȥЩطĳ꣬ҲЩϵ㽩طơ
ȻطƲأǺۣط羡չػָƣͻƾ磬˽Ը
Ρ⡢ݡ
ܹͨ㣬Ѿѵˡ
طѩ˳֮⣬ΪԷ롣

طص¥ʱѾˣ򸾶û˯
֡裬ôˣôû˯
طţĸڿ￴ӣʵ
ڵ
һ䣬Ȼʵȥѩүүô
ôһʣҲĿͶط磬Ӷĵ⡣
ͦõġ
ط绻Ьһĸһߴ
ʲôͦõģ㡣˵
үү֧Һѩ飬ڽ飬Ϊֻ񡣡طʵ
طôһ˵򸾲˿
ԴطؽѣΪؼ֮һֱģһΪطʧȥؼҹ⻷һЩأŻ¡
ҼԨ֧֣ҵˡ
ʱҲ֪ȫطһŬƴġطȻͷͷͨ޷ڻ㣬޷ȡôɾ͵ĻԨΪ׵ңǾԲô֧طѩһģ
Ҿܾˡ
򸾰˿ͬʱط˵ز
ʲʲôΪʲôҪܾ
᲻һϵϲЦ˲̡
Ҳһؿط硣
ȴ֮ӭȢѩ㡣ط˵ԼĴ㡣
ģҲֱӾܾѩүүô룿Щǡ
裬õģѩ֧ҵľүүҲû顣ط͵
ǻáٴ˿
С磬ҺҪѩүү֮⣬Ҳ㣬㲻ÿڼǡ
ʱˣ˶֪ط˴λ֮󣬼ʱ䶼ڼĿıΪǡ
ط΢΢һ
꣬ؼ̫үӣһȥǰꡣ
ڼ䣬ûлعһμң̸㸸ĸˡ
뿪ӣһؼңؼ̫үȥȻؽѡؽҪȡطӭȢѩ㣡
һĴڣطһ˹úġ
ȥ괺ڣطͷŻͷͨͷϳģ͵͵㸸ĸ꣬ؽڰ˱ɽĹǣؽץ
ʱ֯Ͼץط粻˵Ҳߵ顢ʻطһԲûԡ
괺ڣ泷طͨڻĴţúڹʱú鸸ĸ˵ղǷܲ죿
С磬Ȼϲڼѩ㣬һһԷֵͬ顣
Ὺڸ͵׻˵ʮкվҪȥһġȻ鲻Ǻ˽⣬֪Ҫ⣬縺źҪʹһ£ҺֶΪ˽ߡ
С磬ȥɡͬ˵ĻֻҪ㲻𺦹Һ飬ʲôǶ֧㣡
ɫӵؿط磬ĿοнйҲеǡ
ΪݵԵʣھ֪ȨҪԶ֮ϣɡϵܣʶط˽⡣
طȡõĳɾ͸еο
ط粻ҪںĸܣطȥһУ
֪ط缴Ҫ飬Ӱ쵽ĵδӰ쵽ĸ֣طȥЩᷢ⣡
á
ĸĻطͬ򷭵ζƿ鸴ӵص˵ͷ
СʱԼ£øĸġ
Լ겻ؼң޷鸸ĸ˵ĸ˿ϣøĸĵ
ԼǷĸ̫ˡ
ݿǷΪĸֶ֧ԡ
Ȼ
ط֪ǷĸͬʱҲףǸʦҶ𣬻ǲֵǳսѾڱˡûлͷ
СᣬȻϢٸļ䡣
ۿطɫӣŤͷ
á
ȻĻһʶʲôͷȻ뿪˿
С磬֪Ҫ飬Ŀ͹滮ⷽ棬ҾͲҷˣϣܴӦ¡
صҺżڡ
ƹ£ı鿴֮ǰӵء
֣˵ط
һԼ
ΪһˣϣҵĶܹΪӢۡΪһףҲϣҵĶӳΪȥӢۡ
İɣ֣һᱣԼط֣صͷ
ڶ˵õĽҪȥһؼҴԺ֮˶ϡ
˵żϳԵƺһҲϣĳ֣ϣһ죬Ҫ֣¶֣ҲҪ飬Ҫ
֣Ҳһͷ
ط绺ڣᶨ




1895 ͻƾǿ߾
ϰ˵㣬ĵ׻ɽׯÿһ䣬Ϊ峿һ˿ů⡣
λɽǶԺطԡڳ£ϥԺһʯϣڤ롣
ʮǰϣ븸ĸøؽ̸֮󣬱е뿪ྩص׻ɽׯһˣһ߽ѧ򣬳ͻƾǿ߾
ʮʱ䣬ҩطԶʮĻָͬ£ѾȬʼûͻƾǿǿ߾硣
ڴ˹УԼѧͳͳ˺ܶΣҲ޼¡
ǰµ飬ֻнġߺһÿһСÿһʽĴݻɼﵽȻɵĵزͻƾǿ߾
طĬȻԼľ߶ȼС
䡪
ͻȻطһȭǰ˲ըһľ磬ɨԺеĿϡ
Ѿļ˼£Խ˼£ڳֵĹУҲǿܹļߺһǲС
طȭվԭأ̲ס
ղһȭԼļڳеʱһˣЩԾͷ·һûĻˣֻǰճ壬ȥʮֵĽӲûоǿ߾ֻȻɵĸо
⣿
ط簵ԼȻۣϸղųȭԼ״̬ڡ
һ飬飬顭
طǱʩ˶һ㣬վԭһһػš˼ţû˼
ȣ
ʱԺ䳡ϣ˴ȵ
Ϊ׵Ķʮ׻Ƶˣվ䳡ϣľʵĸͷǰ𣬳ǰһͬʱһ
ԭСۣΪԵʣ˵ʮ˵һ˼ơ
ˣ벻ͨʱţǼˣȥ䣬һ´ԡ
Ĵط˼ʵҡҡͷȥ
˱Ժطһ۱㿴䳡רĺǡ
ͺ֮⣬Ҷϣ䳡һԹۿţվκ󷽡
Ϊ׻ɽׯ޽ɽϣҶʹβ㣬ÿҪŸϿλ߹ۿ䣬¶ḺΡ
ΪˣҶδܾ
֪طĹϵҲ֪һΪطЩʲô
ȣ
ط䳡֮󣬺ǶˣһǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ø⼤ÿһÿһʽ޲ó̵ľ
ط״δӰ캢䣬ǾֱҶ
ͻƳɹ𣿡
ۿطһϲڴʵ
ûСطҡͷ
С磬ϵİ벽ǿ߷ëǣǿ߼ߵռˣͻġңھϴͻҲûá
Ҷɫԣ㲻ż̬ƽͣȵʵͻˮɡ

ط˼
š
Ҷͷͻư벽Ҳ֪Ҳûооͻƾǿ߾Ҫһʵ߶򣬶ǿȥ򡣡
ԭˡ
طԣԺһ⣬ʲôȥ׽õʧˡ
Ϊˣط粻ٿȥ׽ǵУǰҶ˵ƽȥԴ
ʦ
Ƭ̺󣬺ǽ䣬׷ױط硣
ӳǲõЦǳ˳ͬڶߵĳһ
׻ƵδҲǻѧδ
һĺǣط类ǵȾײȥͻƵ飬аԼ˽Ը֮һҪԼһѧȫиǣǳΪѧδĺ
ʦҸղô
Сѧ츳Ϊʵ죬һ嵽طǰڴسطʵ
Ϊøá
طǸ϶ȻĿͶ۰ͰͿԼĺǣҲһֻҪŸλʦúѧϰŬøã
ǣʦ
ȶʮӱܹ裬׷׼شȻߴߴطһ⡣
Ȼط׻ɽׯѾʮˣԼԺչأ뺢ദʱ伫ޡ
ԭطг˽ȸУղҶһϯ֮Ѹı̬һһش˺ǵ⡣
ԼĪʮӺ󣬺ǽϢʱ䣬»ص䳡䣬ȴûмŸȥ
طֵܣҽǰļأȥүүд裬ͨдѰͻƾǿߵ˵ԼĽ顣
뼧ԡӥһҲ֪ط磬ȻӵпԻɱǿǿսʵֻ۷ǿ߾ŬѰͻƾǿ߾
֮ǰһʦǴʦͼ޳ʦǶһʱ䣬Ҽÿǽѧд裬ЧʱͲȥˣٳһ취طԾܾˡ
õġ
ԣδеΣһЦȻŴ󸫣䳡̺䡣
塭
ʱĵµĿڴ
ĿڴװֻһԼģһطġ
ط粻ɽׯʱὫԼֻЯ˯ҲǷͷĿΪ˿طһʱϵ
طصɽׯ֮䵱طĽɫʱطǵ绰ȻҪ̶ȾǷطչء
ĵ绰
ͳǵ绰ݸط硣
ιá
طӹǵ绰Ǿֱӽͨ
ãطϽ
Ͳкܿ촫һԵϲӵ̹ܽ
ã
طػӦţͬʱ绰ĿģҴ绰𣿡
ǵģطϽϲӽӢֲٿһҪĻ飬δǳսйأܲҪμӡ
˵绰ĿģȻֲ⣬Ҳزμӻ飬˻
õģ뽫ʱ͵صңһ׼ʱμӻ顣
طӦ
һ棬ȻϲΪϽǱȻҪеӦ
һ棬еĻϲΨһһ벽ǿߡ
Ҫط磬ط粻òԷӡ
ңطҲʶһλȫΨһ⹫벽ǿߵķɡ
ھһλδİ벽ǿؽ


1896 ŷ̥
ϲӻʱǻũʮ
ط֪ʱ֮¶ʮǰ׶صĻƱͬʱϢݿ
һ֮طչˡ
ͬʱսܲ
֪طҪǰ׶ؿϢһʱǰսƶķл㱨
ս񣬸ոսӵϢطǸԤǰ׶صĻƱ
뷿䣬Ȼһؿڻ㱨
һУֻΪϲӵĻһֲ߻ģĿĲԶûɱط磡
ڴ֮ǰţطһȥμ顣
ÿ˶ȱ㣬طǸҲ⡣һθеˣᱻεļϲΪϽܶڻĽ˺ܶ飬ȻеְΣ
Ĺάϲް㽾еֻ䣬֮ɱŨңǸо޲̽ҡ
սԣط
һ棬طսѧΪȫЦһ˵Ȩˡ
ǵġ
У˵Ȩ
һ棬ƻ⽫ط̳طδǳսܹطɱضشѧʿӶҡѧеĵλ
ǵġ
ͷͣüĿ֮Ũˡ
ԼĲ಻ѧʵǻۡ
㰴ռƻȥϵձ̵ӡŷڡ壬ǣȫϣҪطǸɱ´
ۻ˵̺ͿٸѧͷҳĻȲû˵Լĵǡ
صģǵʱͷǱȵģɱطǸľѻᣡҡҡͷڴĵǡ
ǣ
£ת˷䡣
һЦ׼ƻɱطֻǵһ߼޻ǹؼ
ƻĺͻѧطӳ̶ȣ֪طУֱս
սȫԻѧ粻˴ΪΪɣ£ܾսûѧ絥ս
ʱѧĳսȻḶҵĴۣڻңҹֽ˺Ȩóνһ˫

һ֮ϲҪٿϢصܲ
֪ºԶ˰š
ŲãŮ裬ķ䡣
ͬһϥԼķѪɫʮŨܣ޷ʵӡ
ס
뷿䣬ŨܵѪɫĽͬʱԼĸǿֻк֮ˡ
װŮôˣ
񿪿ڣߵѪɫ˲ɢ¶ݣϵļӤҪ⻬¶ĴЦγ˽Ȼķ˹ĸо
ף˵طҪȥμֲĻ飬֪Ϣ֮׼ʹǰ׶ؽɱ
迪żɽ˵⣬֮гɻ
Ϊеʹİ벽ǿ֮һҲǴ̿˵Ļƶߡ
ʵȻŲǰΪóɱüȥɱط磬൱ڸڴӣСá
ǵġ
ͷ
ף˵ʱ֣ڧڶȻȺڰʹֱ֮ӷսôͻȻָıˣ
Щؿؼǵļƻ
װŮƻҪƸıġָ
ףҲ˼
֪ΪΣһǵ裬ûϸȥĥе˼ɵԻѧطӣǻɱѧȻǿս
ط粻أսеļأֻᷢʲô
һЦȻ󲻵ٴοڣԴһ˵ڶӾ磡
ԭ߸˵
Ȼ
װŮԡ񿪿ڴĻ
𣿡ЩãȻ
С
ٴȷһ㣬ȻĿϬض裬Ҫ迴Ƶģ㿴ȥӰ쵽ǵļƻʵϸǸطΪ׼ȷ˵㲢ϣǸط
ٴĻǱ̽еƵģ¶˾ŵ顣
ָֻܿһĮı飬ٴοڣ֮гĺ⣺ǵģף֪ģǸ쵰ϵһֻ֣ҲϣǸ쵰׵ȥҵū
װŮˣҿҪ󣬵СѳΪؼһӣ
ܸɴؾܾȻüͷѵ⣬һְҲϣ鷢Ůϡ
ף˵ʲô
ɫȻ䣬֪ˡ
װŮġ
˴ЦݣЩͳ֪ΪԼǶϲطеʧ
ףҸʹһȥ׶أȻָǸ쵰ͷ­
һݵ˵ŷ˿ֲɱ⡣
ãҵŮ
һЦֱط̣طսᣡ




1897 ս֮ʼ
ʮ壬طһ뿪׻ׯ԰ׯ԰Ĺ·˳ǰϽ
ϽǻŻǰжŷ޵ĿͻϽת
ط罫Ͻɻǰ׶أ׶ص˵ִһʮĻ顣
һУ¾İźõġ
Դ¸ط֮Щ鶼һְţҲطʡ˲ġ
طִϽ֮Ǹմһ绰ŵǻ
ʵϣطȥμϲӻĵ͸մ绰ˡ
߻ʾƻģƻıʾעսڸĶȷа벽ǿǱ׶ضط֣ͬʱҲطСġ
С磬Ŀǰδյڸ춯ϢԼҪСġ
绰֮ͨ˵ĿǰȻһ䡣
İɣ壬ֻҪûа벽ǿ֣߳ҾͲΣաطŵ˵
ţʵģҲһһɱܵľġ
طյͨ󣬱˷׶صķɻ
ʮӺ󣬷ɻܵм֮ڿնͬһֻһƲ֮У
ͬʱطȷϵǻϢ̵ʱڴ˸鱨ԱУѸٲϱ

׶صʱʱ򣬺ڰѳС
ҹĻ£ׯ԰ƻͨ
ҹۺسׯ԰ׯ԰д͵ı׼硣
Ҫдһλˡ

ϲΨһһλ벽ǿߣ
ʮֵʱ򣬻ڿ˵·£˱
ׯ԰·Եĵƹ⣬ؿһŷ˲ֻͬһߣһҲ׳෴ʮֵ
ŴͷͷףҲЩףէһȥһĺСͷ
Ȼ
֮䣬ӯڵƯУѪ۶ɢһƶĻ¯
Ļӭ塣
վڱſڣصصȴţ΢ЦŻӭ
ۣԼҼĿʲô
ͣ½Ųʮףʵ
ʵϣӵʱʹһΡ
ʱ۸߻绰˵̸
Ļ׼磬һ߳ԣһģô۴ʣһơ
üޱ˹ȥȻһͬ˱
Ļٴλӭׯ԰
۴Żڲ֮󣬾ƱٴζԻĵʾ˻ӭ
ۣڿ˵ҵĿˡ
Ʊֵǧĺһ
ص뵱ҺͿһæ۲ٶȦӣ˵ԼĿġ
ϻп㶨˵𣿶飬ܰ죿Űɵؿۡ
ĻˡȻӢżߵĵλȫҲ㲻ʲô޷쵽Ҹղ˵Ǽ飬ɵذ쵽΢Цŵ
ʲô飿Щˡ
䵱мˣ뻪ط֮ĳޡֱ
ţ
ԣһ
Ӧ֪뻪ط֮һЩڡطſֲѧ츳Ѿǰ벽֮µһˣܻѧء
һУв
ҵģطΪ벽ǿ֮󣬻ҿ㡣
һǵ˵
ΪʲôҪ㣿
ޱؿۣش𣬱ҿԺȷظ㣬ҶǸ˺ܸȤһҲϣ֮ìܡ
ĻֻҪæԸΪϲӾһӢ
˵Լı꣬ȻһҲģ浱һתԵǳ극̽ѧ֮ٸҴ𰸡ǷԸ壬һҽѧҲˡ
ھͿȷظ㣬ҲӦ뻪طޣԼȥ̸ѧȷʵȤ
Ǳ̬ȣȻ˶ѧȤ
Ϊϵİ벽ǿʵ̫ˡ
˸󶥼֮⣬ֻ֮һλ벽ǿߡ
һУ벽ǿ֮ѽڹ̱Է⣬ⲢѧС
ðɡ
۹ʧ̾˿ȴЦ
֮ⲻھơ
۶ԣæѧȤ
Ŀֻһط֮⣬Ȼ֤飬޹أ
˵ӵʱͣȻׯ԰䳡д轻
ͬʱ
طĿͻ׼ʱؽ׶عʻ
ͻͣȣŴ򿪣طͷȲյÿһͬȡȻڿս΢ЦĻ뿪ա
ط⣬δŻ»㿴վͣλԶҲ˲ԶЦݵݿ
ǰߣԭ¶Цݣͬһ㾫µϣ¶˼õЦݡ
ҹĻ£Ǽͬʱط֡
ʱ䶨
һ̡
طҲ벻ĵ׶ʲô
ս֮ʼ




1898 г
ˣȥк
ط»֮ߵߣ˵
֪ӢҵĹݿ΢΢һЦȥɣ㡣
õġ
طЦЦȻתݿ
ԶݿطȻеĪȻĶطĿгŰ⣬ŴһƯϲ֪ʱһĨ糺졣
طѾϤˣҲֹһڴˤˣط統˶ԼʱȻǳζŮһ㺦ˡ
ݿôˣ
ܿ죬طݿߣЩɻʵ
ھμϲ׶ػ֮ǰ֪ͨݿҸݿȻ֮ݿϵ
ҡһ档
ݿͷ˵
ҿû㡣
طЦܹظܵݿԼİ⣬Ҳ֪ݿϧһܹԼһʱ䡣
֪
ݿԣ̧ͷɿؽ͵װģûռʱģֻһ档ȥæģùңߺҾͻ뿪
š
ݿǸģطЦãݿƯ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬ݿˣͬ͸ƻƵġ
ˣͷ
طջ֣ݿ˻֡
ټװġ
ݿЦŵͷͬʱҲ˻֡
ط粻ٷϻתߵԣ򵥵ؽ䣬
һԽҰҵӢգмΪţ֤ͨ׶سͨС
λԱ˰ɣ
ط͸⾵ؿݿվԭأĿԼ뿪ҡͷͬʱڳʵ
ڣ˶ˡ
ͷȻˣܿ۵룬ȥ˿ɽׯǵӪʱ򣬲֪ûлȥȥˣҴȥûȥǾ͵졣
õġ
طͷûȥʲô
ڴ֮ǰѾڵ绰ط磬˴λ׶ؽһΪصľ»ؾС
ϴε飬ллۿ˵ط翪ڵл
ط罫㲻лңӦõġ
ҡҡͷֲɹǹôܶأңȫǿľǿߣϽľӦõġ
ǻҪлл
طҡҡͷ
ֲʩѹʱΪ׵佫ͦϧ
ݶ飬طһֱ
ط罫ٸһսӮúƯ
ٴطĸл΢Цתƻ⣬طĴָţôᣬɳΪ벽ǿ֮µһˣҵĺӡ
˵һ룬뵽ʲôȻֹϵЦҲ˲̡
ĺҲǾˣͬʱ䣿
طĿ⿴ǰδע⵽ı仯ʶؿʵ
ǵġ
ͷЩͳһɫľˣҲһѧš
أ
طı仯ʳеɻ
Ӧˡʹࡣ
Ǹ
ϵʹ࣬طûٶʣǵһʱǸ
ڹǿѧţҲľˣͺڻһûôǿ󡣡
һΣڽԼӵ飬ͻȻʧˡ
ʧˣ
طԣɫһ䣬뵽ȸ֪ԼǸϢܶѧŶսץˣ
ǵģͻȻ֮ʧˣǴ˼һ
˵üĿ֮ӿֳ˿̹ĵĺ⣬Ҳɱ⣬Դʧ֮һֱڵ䡣һʮ꣬ԼһЩĻȴ޷Ϊ𣡡
Ϊʲôطʡ
Ϊ鵽鱨Ǳսץߵġ
˵ٴͣԳЦĿսӵǿߣô𣿣
֪˭ץӵ𣿡
طٴѯʣȻ󲻵ش˵ԼôʵĿģҲлӱ𣡡
ءط罫㣿
͵һŲɲһ˼ؿط硣
ǻо仰еˮ֮ӿȪ౨ңҲֹһΡұͺսгкʵĻᣬץӵˣҿ˳طɫ
䣬սδļ̳ߣٸԼ
ԥһ£˵˴𰸡
ȻҲǾǿ߰ǸǿĴڣĶ֣أûлᣬҲûʵΪԼĶӱ
ǵģҼٸԴѧսڱдһλҲǳĻᣬҪǳɱǻѧг𣡡
ط˵ɱӿδһɱΪӣҲΪѧ磡
ллл
طĻͷһ˫΢΢طл
£һȻطʻؾ»ء
ؾ»أλСɽСھ
ǰͨСĹ·кüԴСΪֻ֮һ··ˡ
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ھﴦһ·ڣδùؿо½صӣϰռͨС
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ܼˣߡ͸ͬԲͬĵϵϢһ
ǿߵϢ
׼ȷ˵ǿľǿ߰




1899 ɱ
ҹɫŨһ޴ڿУһ󲼣סǳһƬڡ
¡¡
ͻȻһը죬һӳڵգпһ꼴١
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ͿϢ׼ȷɣ
һԣѯʡ
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ʦҪſӢƬϵʵ
Ϳüص
ͿԭҶԿʵŲɣĸϲӵĻȥׯ԰ͣҿʼǿľġʵͳ˵
˶֪飬֪еԵɡԴ֤޹أ
ͿԶԡ
ΪĿΪ˱·Ȼ󱻻ѧ籨
ռƻֽطɱ֮Ҫݺϡ
һôڶһ١
λطǸȻٸһս֮лҮޣõһֽʽʽһʹñʧȥսҲ˵һֱ㶯ýʽ֮⣬֣ȫԲκηĻᡣԣǲصĽɱʧܣõϢ©
ٴοˣ˵ͿҲڸˡ
ʽսƶġ
գٸһսطɱҮ֮Ү޵ʬߵϯǰʱӦط쳣طɱҮһС𡯵ɽʽ
˵ûͿˡ
Ļ䣬˿ڸ͡
ӡŷڵǿǿߣҲδķӡ
١ǰɱĻδܹһ
ձ̵̻дҲˣ֮гźɱ
Ĭ
Ƕսָӡ
Уٸһսܸ껵ʲ
˴νɱսɳ䡢ʲһǿ߿ǰ벽֮µǿսձ̵̻д̡ӡŷڵδӺͰͿˣݿƿֲ
ĴҪɱط磡
ΪطĴ̫ĳ裬طɳٶֲ̫ˣĴеļɵ
ˣĵȴطǸ鵽ɣǸ˳һͺá
ٴοڣ֮гţٲȻѽطˡ
Сʱ󣬱꽵䣬ˮƵģ·ԵľҡڣӴƮ䡣
Уϥڵ·ԣϱ㱻ɢ
·гͨУûһǰؾ»صġ
ֹ˰СʱԶĵ·˵ƹ⣬һԽҰŲ·ʻ
ˣ
˵һʱ俴һĻվϢ
УͿͿ˷ֱվڵ·ԵĴԱߣ׼ٽ֮󣬻ϴֹͨ
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Ϊ̫ӣط綼ûпʮںڰеˡ
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·Զ֣޷ͨС
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ͬһʱ䣬ɲ̥ʪ·Ħ򻬣̶ܿ㱻û
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ৣ
֣ɫʱͱˡ
Ǹ˽ɱ˸Ϣֲʵȫ֮ϡ
䡢ʲͿд̡ӺһսǿߵϢ
ͬʱطͨϢжϳ˵ݡ
˼棬ǵϢİ
ৣ
طĻɫٴһ䣬𾪣ҲзŭĶӵǱץߵģ
֪Ϣֹ֮һ𣬵ʵ䣬޷ѰҵӰֻܽǷݳ
˿̣֮еһԱ֮еĳ˲䱻
ǳģ³ǣûߣ
ط֪Լ˵Ķ֣ϣѾ
£ط粻ػһƿţ³
ط磬ҪߣĽļգ
ʱͣ½ŲâǣطΧм䣬ſֲɱ⡣




1900 ǿΧɱ
ҹĻ£˵ڣ羪ը죬ֱӽѹȥ
ûлӦ
УطڵѪ˲ڣھӿ˲¡
ž
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ৣ
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طͿֹһΣ԰ͿϢʮϤҲͿʵ
ͿΪǿеİ㲻ٮٮߣ֮ʵġ
ʶطҪӰͿͻΧ
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Ϳж֮ǰ²⣬ط缫пΪʵȶ֣˿̲طľٶջһһط硣
Ϊ֮ǰǷͿţطһܶýУ
ĿطҮһսΪطʵ޼ýƴĻΣգ
ӰͿ˫˫ƺһھӿ˫ۡ˫֡
ó˿̣ͿԱΪ˫ΪУҪü崫ѧǿɱУطӲӲ
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ͬʱͿڿ֮У˫ֻȻһХƿֲһط磬еطµĲӰ
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ӡʲд̣Ǹղط磬δ֣˿ͬһ㣬겻ɢ׷ط磬ȫطߵĻᡣ

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ǧ㣬˴˿̲ڵսϣӶʧȥһնɱطĻᡣ
дһնգط׹䣬ֱӽ·ɲȶϣ׹档

ʱһɱ
֮ǰһֱûгֵ䣬ڴ棬һط磬ұȭգ׼ط֮ʣһȭطɱ
Σգ
ط˲䱻Ϣ֣ͼٴεھ÷СӲһȭ
Ȼ
ղһͬʱ߶ָұɿµ𣬴˿ھתޣޣǿжáҲۿۣ޷Ӳɱһ
˿̣ڿУ޷жֻӲ
طԣһǾɱ




1901 Ҫ
طӴ׹䣬ط׹ĵطұۣȭգֻط£Ҫһȭطɱ
ʱ䣬·һֹ̾ˡ
Ȼ
ǧһ֮ʣһӰ

ղţûаط֮ǰŵط˵ʱߣǳط׷˹
˿̣طһߵʱһͷŭʨӣɢſֲƣѸ͵ĺ󷽡
ҹĻ£ıŭĿ֮гųޣȫһͷռݡϧһдۣɱ䣡
ڿ֮У߶ھ΢΢˴δйĸ߶ȣ
ɱ֮Ӫط磬˳޵ʵȭȻŵڵһ㣬Դ
ৣ
һʱӺɱϣֱӷ˾ɱطĻᣬûתӭǺܿĹ
Ȼ²ִתӭȻԻһὫԼĺط磬طĹ
һʮյ顣
䲻ա
ϾͿ˶ԣط˾ǰϵ⣬׸ɱɱ
䡪
ХŭһȭµĲӰȻط࣬Ӳطײһ
ط罫ⱲӴδйսѵҲƴսԼߣ
ֹסΣȭվطԣۣοкҶӵĳˣ
ȻˣǾƴһս
ط֮ѸסѪھͬʱڻӦ
ͨղŵͻΧطף˵Χɱ֮ߣ΢΢
һ򲽽ܹߣ˿Ҳˣɣ
ղŷĻᣬΪ˾Ҫ
ã
ӦȻط米ս˫ͨض䣬һʱҪƴļơ
ͬʱӡд̡ʲͿͿҲܣһͬٴνط˰Χ
ƾҲӱھµȥžۣ
ضɱ
ȻŽձɱط磬ղͻȻطľɱʮջ
ǸｻңȥԸط飬ʱ޷ɱҲߣ
£ֶԿӵ´
ã
ͬش
䣬㻹Ҷ
ʱһŭһɱ
һĻӲδĿضط硣
Ϊղ´֮ʵǿģɱ練ơ
طüͷһ
ԭЯսȻ취ھͻƾǿߣ
ǽΨһܹĿܡ
ֱӴļƻҲ׽ԨֹͬĻԽƷӵ󣬾ܵʱ䡣
ڸ˸ƵĻᡣ
ȻطҲ֪ڳ˼ۺ죬Ǳűľһսѹû뿪
Ϊˣط粢δѸٴ߶ڲҩҩЧͬʱѸͳ洫ȭףϡ
һĻ˲δ֡
ΪطղŵͻΧ𾪵ǣɱ֮һͬٶԸط硣
СĴ۴Ŀģ

ۿɱһӭϣֱһȭҪӲӲ
ৣ
ʱ
ط綯ˣ
ֻһسɴһ㣬ͬһҲ䡣
Ϊ˱Ȼ侲Լļƻ¡
Ȼ
˲δطӪĽᣡ
طһ֣˱ͬʱ˷ɱٴΧɱط硣

һΣطûбãһȡ
ಣಣಣ
ȳطͬʱöС˲Ͳ֮кХƷΣд̡
֮Уд̵ʵδǿģߣóɱǶطвģ
ʶطðд̣

֣ط粻ͣұֱһȭȳԼĿӡ
һ̣ǹŴսսһΪԱΪǹˡ
ǹһʽ
̣
̳޵У
䡪
ҵײط˵ȭͷײһ𣬿ֲھͬʱͬըըɨķ
Уطӵȭͷײ֮˲ֿ
УӵβܿƵسȥ
ž
طҲܿƵغˣͬƵһת˳ȭգֱӺ˴ӱ͵ϮԼʲ
ǹڶʽ

һ̣طñúһĻᣬáνǽɱõ˼¡
䣡
ٴδ
֮ͬǰطӽһطʲҲȭȭѾײƿֲ
һײط˫ͬһ㶤ԭأ˿ʲúˡ
طڶе֮ս˼£ٴһжȺ˿ʲ
һĻȫ˰ͿԤϣ˲Լͬͣ˽ŲǱطչֳսˡ
飡
ʱһߣҲˣͬҲȭȭӲӲ
ꡪ
һ죬ȭӦѣͬʻײƵģɶֱӷд̡
ৣ
д̼һбնһ׹⻮
һȭˣˣ˿ȫ޷ܡ
ۡ
ѪŽֱӱдһأ

һĻطһʹ˻
ҷģ죬һ˻Һᣡ
˻ط˫ͨ죬ĿѪɨˣɱ졣
ħ֣




1902 ħ
Ĳطֱ˷ħ״̬ȥ˼ƾ֡ͻΧֻһսڴ˵أҲҪᣡ
ৡ
ط˻𣬸ܵطǳɱ⣬˵ɫһ䡣
Ϊܹܵطһսľģ
ΪǶ֪طһŽУֲףٸùһɱҮޡ
ڣ˵ʵҮ֮¡
һط粻ýУ֮бȻȥ
١С飬ͷҽ
һЦ֮гŲм
ȻҲһЩɵģ֪ԼС岢һ֯һҲŽᡣ
Ǽ˶طĻɵôضԼС̣¶ֵʱηηţ޷γɺ
ǿмؿڣʵȶģеļɵ
ৣ
Ļطûٷϻһֱ䡣
һʵжӦ
ҹĻ£Ѫ׷ڣھͬ˳ӿɱ⣬һħա
ͬһ磬ٶȿ쵽˼£˲ǰ
Ӱ֣ȭӡ
ط֮Уұȭգһȭ䡣
ǹʽ
죡
һȭ̺طŭ⡢ɱ޵еںһ
ɱͬһȭط粢Ϊ֮Ķʶس
䡪
һȭطǰĿֱըľХɨ䡣
ڣû뵽طһȻ
ֱӴһֲɲǵĻ㱡
ֹУɲǶ
񱩵ȭϯȻѣطȭͬڵһ㣬Х
⣡
ͷһֻƾսܣһȭط硣
ӲӲâ
䡪
촫˵ȭײھ̵ͬĺˮӿײһɿµľ硣
žžžžž
֮У䱻ý岽طվԭأ˿
ÿ˵¾ԭأ
طҮɱطʵ˽⡪ط粻ýУĶ֣
֪ղŲִٳûзǿսǿҲӦô·磡
Ƕˣο䱾ˣ
ҹĻ£ɴ۾˼ؿط磬Ǹо·ʣôܣ
ô
ԭطʵȷʵ䣬֣á𡯣ƥУӲӲҲܻ䡣
Ȼ
ѽ˷ħ״̬ĽַȻ෴
ÿɱʱ򣬶ǰƶԣȻݽԣıսΪӪһʹ˷ս˻ɱ
˿̵Ϊħ״̬֮ǰûκβԣҲûκ뷨г޵СѧʽĶ
ô
ৣ
طһȭ䣬ͣһֱ˾ԼĿ

˲Ϣ֮䣬طǰ̽ʳָһָͷ­
֮ͬǰطһһطĳ֣õǴָ
Σգ
طһȭ֮У˿̲طͻȻɱһ𣬸еǰδеΣ
ƾǿսܣΪƣһطʳָͼıطĹ򣬴ӶΣ
ž
촫ԸԳһطʳָ
ɲǼ䣬һɿµķֱ˿ƣÿѿѪ
طʳָֻ΢ı˹򣬹λӿüıۡ
ۡ
طʳָͬһѷСһ˿ۣھŷ
ɲǼ䣬ۿͷ­˲ըѪɡ
һС
طֻһУ

һĻڣʣٴɵˡ
˵ط֮ǰ˿ӡʲ䣬ֻü˾ȵĻô˿һɱǶˣ
û
𺳣
ϾǾǿеİսоǿеģ
һλǿߣŵҮ޳֣Ҳѽɱ
طˣ
ңؿط粢δٸԶõĽУ
ΪʲôͻȻ֮ôǿ
֮࣬гһɻ
ৣ
Ӧǵһƿ
طٴʵжش
һɱ֮ͣЪֱӳдɱȥ
һ̣ħ״̬еȫ֪ԼղչֳսǶôĿֲҲ֪ԼղŵΪ伸˺εȵ𺳣״ֻ̬һͷɱУ
״̬£ÿһСÿһʽĴݻɼӽ˻Ȼɵĵز
Ǿǿ߾ļһ
֮Уطһֻ̤˾ǿ߾磡




1903 ս޵
һǿ߾ļһÿһÿһʽĶԷʽչֳԼǿս
طֻһֻ磬սʽ֮νӣһˮĸо
ҹĻ£ط綯ôָһָ֮󣬲ֱͣӳдɱٶȿ磡
ৣ
طд̱һͬһ㣬Ѹʧܿطķâ
һ棬Ϊ߹ŵδƶߣһó뻯ϸִ涨ɱΪ潻档
һ棬طչֳսѾȫ˵ȫ֮ϣûκΰܹطĹ
һ򲽽ܹӲ˱طղһָɱӰ죬޷طֵĿ϶طлɱ
һӲʧȥ塣
սˣǱȫſɽɱ
дͬʱٴοˡ
һ̣֮ûǰӣȡ֮ء
ΪҲܹܵطսѾһµĵزطĶˡ
ৣ
£һΣط硣
ַʽǷݶطֱļɵʵȫĻ
ΪطսԼ֮ϣβκ˲˼£ͬһͷѸͳʨƲɵ
ͬʱطûᳯԼɱ䣬ڻɱд̸֮ıĿ꣬һ˾ʲ
ߣ
д̲ͬʲۿطɱûܣһͬʱһ
ž
촫ʲһŽǰĵȵѿ˫ͬһ㶤ڵϣұ֮ӳȭգӭط磬һȭ
ѡطӲӲǶԼʵţҲΪ֧䡪ط罻֣˾͸ˡ
Ͼһս
ɲǼ䣬ʲھӿȭȭ֮ըȭݺᣬס
ս񱬡
һȭʲֱӶǿɱС
ͬʱ䣬ǿӡд̺ͰͿǶˣ׼ʲطӲƴ֮ʣطɱ
Уٶ죬طɱֻҪطμ٣ᱻһȭкģ
ৣ
ʲ񱩵һȭеطûжҲûгȭӭֶȻӳⷭͬСһʲ
̫ȭ˿
ħ״̬֮еط磬ĳУһζõǻѧպ̫ȭ˸յԭʲɱУ
ʯ֮䣬ط˳زʲ֣סʲһקͬʱ΢΢һࡣ
ৣ
طһק֮£ʲ˲ʧȥģӳǰȥطǰХ
飡
ꡪ
һ̣ͬʱ
ʲһԣֱײ˴ط米͵Ϯ䡣
һȭؿڣǰ߹˲ѡݣͬŵڵһ㣬Ȼɳײ˳ֵطд̡
д̼״ֻòһܿʲͬʱҲʧȥ˳ûطֵĻᡣ
ͿûܵӰ죬ֵ˲䣬ֱͬķλͬʱط硣
ط˸գһȭʲͿĺϻû
Ҳûж

ҹĻ£վԭأ˫ͬʱӳȭͿֳָӡ
ִָ̣
һ
طĶٴζžѧϻ
ط缸ͬʱӡͿײһ
Уһָٴ˿ӣȭǺݺݵ˰Ϳֽϡ
ꡪ
ͿֹӦѿұ˲۶ϣͬʱ඼һ˺ľʹ
һطһжڻ˿ӵͬʱֱ˰ͿֹǣͿ΢ˡ

ʱһȡ
ȻղһȭԼսͬʲľûܵκӰ죬ǳطӡͿֵ˲䣬ٴζط緢
ҹĻ£ΪһطԴ
ɱ
һֵ䶯õǴ̿˵Ĵɱ֮кպɱ
ɱ磬˲ɱˣٶȡ
죡
һ佫ٶַӵ˼£طκηӦͶĻᡣ
Ȼ
ˣط绹ֵն˲䣬һ
Сһһնա

ĵϯ̵ط缸˫ۣûͣ¡
ںһͬʱͬƵһת

ͬʱдͬһ֣һ̳ĵֱӴ̴طµĲӰط۶طһС⣬Ѫ˲Ⱦ˵С
һ̿գдֱ̲ͣһӣΪնеıһ׹նط硣
һǱУд̽ɱĿ׼ݷӵ쾡£һֻնطٴµĲӰ
ҹĻ£طѾٱˡ
д̸еҲ䡢Ӹе𾪣
ʵ䡢Ӷд֮ϣ۰ɱҲϲд̡
û뵽ط£Ȼܹܿд̵
һߣͿ̳ûˣϵľ䡢Ӻдй֮޲
طһжͬʱӭͿӣȻˣǺεȵĿ£
ʲˤǰһô֮£ͬһ㣬һ
սʱͣ١
ͬʱط۱һ⣬ӷħ״̬оѡ
ѹطһ۱㿴ĿǰƣͬʱҲѸͨ䣬˸ղһСԼղűбһս״̬һռϷ粻˵ײ˳ͻ˾ǿ߾
Ҳģԭˣ
һ̣طͷȻɢȥҵͻƾǿ߾ĹؼͬʱסΡ
죬ǶҪᣡ
طĿ絶һɨ䡢д̡ӺͰͿڣ羪ס




1904 һ
ৣৣৣৣ
ٴطǿƵĻطǹɰƺɱ⣬˵ɫͬʱˡ
˵ط֮ǰһҪᣬֻΪطнжɵĻôʱ˿̣ӿֳ˲̶ͬȵľ
û
Ǿ
ΪղΧɱطδطɱˣս
˿ֻ̣ʣˣλɱط磿
֮࣬Ϳаûڲѡ
Ϊ˴νɱƻеûڣͬʱ⡣
ӡдڵطв֮δûڲ˴νɱҲ⡣
Ǹǣµɱط罫һѵ飬΢΢пܽϣ
죬ߣºҲ
زд̡Ϳľ⡢⣬ڣΪƻĺͻѧѾȨ˺ȫѧˡ
ƻֽ֪ɱط磬ɱƻĺͻѧȻǳ֣
ʱڵԲеΣǣǻ˵ǵĸΪƲϵƻĺͻѧ紦ã
ৣৣৣ
Ļд̡ӺͰͿ˵ɫٴαˡ
Ϊ֪˵ʵ
Ļǵ·
սͻȻǶǲΪ֪ĽСǶжҪ۵ģʱơֻҪЭޱس֣һܹɱ
ٴοڣᶨ
ò˵ܹԤΪսδƶߣ˵
ӵмǿʵ֮⣬Ǽ£Ƕ·дƴһսȻýطսԵɣӶеĿֻš
ڶ̶ʱڣдƴһսľĺͶʵģ
ɲǼ䣬д̡Ϳеľ⡢ʧˣϵɱֱŨ
طظܵһУδֹ϶ϸŸղšĴݻɼ״̬
ɱ
д˵ı仯䲻ٷϻһͺٴȳطɱ
ৣৣৣ
д̡ͿҲųˣٴΧط硣

طûԴУ˲ղҡɱе״̬Ķֱӭ䡣
䣡
ʯ֮䣬طٴν֣˵ȭײͬڵײһ𣬱ֲɨķ
꣡
ȭ룬΢Ĺ
ȭֹӦѣѿѪұ۶Щ
֮⣬ٴαúˣѪھҡ
ͷ
Ϊܹܵطսˣ
䡪
𶯵ͬʱ˵طǰѪڣһȭطԴ
Ϊ·ӲκαһֱӶˡȭеǿɱУھѪϣֲ
ৣ
ԿӿֲһطûӲĶһֱӱܿӵķâͬʱƴٴνаɱд̡
ԭдطӽ֮ʣӲ󷽴ɱط磬˿ͻȻطܿӵɱУԼɱʱЩ
֮࣬дƾսܣѸֱۣնб

дһն˲䱻пһӣĵ磬лһ׹նط硣
䡪
ӭһط粻㲻ھӿұۣȭһھС
ǹʽ
죡
һȭطž洫ȭףɱС졯Ӳд̡
ﬣ
һ죬طȭݺݵдնı֮ϣҳһۣĽ
д̻һ˲ѿʶɿ˱
֣
طһȭҵöб
֮⣬úһѪһѪ

ʱһ˷ܵĺ
УͿͬһطֻһطĺġ
һʱտƾѣطдֵ̽˲䣬ͻɱ֣ط޷
ҹĻ£ͿһЦݣǸо·Ѿط类Լһֽ˵ˡ
飡
ꡪ
һ̣ͿֽԸԳشطĺģͷѵ֮
Ȼ
ͿϵЦȴˡ
ΪǱڵһ㣬˲ըһѪҲõ˳ȥ
ô£
ͻһĻ䡢дͳͳɵۡ
ৣ
Ӧǵһƿ
طֶȻӳͬ£һץס׹ı

֣طһд̣ͷ¡
д̸ղűطһȭˣھתޣӱطɰͿһĻ˴ڻ״ֱ̬ƿ𣬲ξѣҪܿ
Ȼ
ˣ
ۡ
䣬طһдأѪ
֮֮һд̣Ϊ




1905 ׵߸
⣡
ˣδطɰͿлعֿطһдأͷһ𣬻һ䣬ֻùͷﶼð
ֲ
Ǵ˿Ψһͷ
طչֳսѾȫԽ˾ǿ򣬼߸Ƕ֪ǿ߿ǿز
ǶԣͿĸд
ִըһƬѪģȾѪͬߵķһƮڿС
еƻõĸоͬʱؿط磬Ǹо·ʣǾǿ
ಣ
ӦͿһƿ
طһд֮󣬲ͣ˲תһбһ׹⣬Х˰Ϳ
ۡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬һ´̴˰Ϳ࣬Ȼ󽫰Ϳضһôϣ
ͿദѪӿҲ֮Ѫһ鴤û˶ȥ
ҹĻ£ɴ۾һĿ
Ϊֱûףطƽһֽɶġ
ʽ
ͿûףȴȻѡ
뵽طٸҮһսʱҲδеǰӲҮһţҮ޵ҽš
ղд֣̽ȴͬʱ˷ʽѡѵҲҮһĶã
һ֮󣬿ʶ˲Եĵطʶؿڡ
Ҹѧġ
طޱؿſӡ
ʲʲô
طĻش˼һ㣬㡭֣ͨѧһĶãͬʱ˷͹ѧʽôܣ
𣿡ط練ʡ

ͿԶԡ
Ͼһúͨ˵һȫָ
һãֲͬ书ʽʱھзʽʹȵǽȻͬģ⼸߷ֳˣ˶ߵѧʽҪ̣Ҷߵ־ҲкܴҪһʮѵ顣
ǣطղŽϣϼѣ
ֲ֡Ү֮ǰ˽ԭѧľѧ
֮࣬뵽ٸһս۵жϡ
ҵʱֻ۷ǿ߾
طޱţҵͻƾǿ߾ͻƾǿ߾ľ衣ĳ˵Ҫлǡ
ʲʲô
ܣսѾȫԽ˾ǿ㡭ôǿ߾ûͻƣ
ٴطĻĻԣͬʱһš
ǵġ
޷һУ
⳹׵߸Ƕѧ֪ȫѧʷϣδ˿쵽ֵز
Щưһʱİܣ
֮ͬսɱնݣ
طӦһֱ˿ӣٶȿ硣
˿̣Ծǿ߾ĸָһΣҪ˫ȥˣʱĶ״̬
һ£ղŸӡ˽أΪˣȻóû֡
ĻִҪӣطֻܻɱһˣ
ⲻطҪĽ
֮ǰ˵Ҫýвɱ˸ᣡ

˵ָ
˲Ϣ֮䣬طڿǰʳָͬһ㣬ӵüġ
Ѿȫ𺳣Щ㱣ʧȥ˾裬ȸӦطɱʱѾʧȥĻᡣ
Σʱ̣ξѣƾսܣ˫Ȼ̧ƳſһʮĶͼطʳָм䡣
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
ӵķӦѾѸˣˣ˫ֻǼסط
طʳָһ´˿ӵԴھͬһ㣬ӿ
ۡ
ӵü˲ѣǳһѪĿͷ­ֱըͷʬسԵ
ಣ
ͬʱһѡ
ǵġ
֮ǰд̡Ϳ·˴䣬һѡ
Ϊŵˡ
һ̣ýֺͷ뵽ֵĻḰӵ˵ĺ󳾣طС
ܹߵĻֻҪսҸطѱԻ
䣬ӵ𣿡
طһָӣܣһĻ˵ҪߣĽ죬ļգ
䣬ط״̬ٶ˲£ֱ׷䡣
ҹĻ£طٶԿ䣬֮䣬˾롣
ط磬㲻ҪҶýҲˣ
ۿŭͬʱڵѪͻȻʢ࣬·Ҫȼһ㡣
㶯ýҲɱ׼
طǿƻӦȻ塣
Ȼûȫ׵ͻƾǿ߾ڵս²áƴɱУҲڰ벽֮ºɨһеˣ
Ҹƴˣ
Ȼͣ½ŲڵѪȼ˵Ϣÿ¶Σգ忪ʼ͡ƤѪڽĳ䡣
սصĽ֮Ҫطͬھ




1906 ھȥ
дȺ󱻻ɱ֮󣬳׷񣬲òɱƴ
ȼѪ
սȫѪط߶ʱ伤Ѫ
ʹô֮󣬿ڶʱɵսͬʱҲߵľء
µĽǣڶáȼѪ֮󣬲üΪпܵ޷ܣ
Ϊһ㣬һֱڿƣֱŶá
ͬҲ񣬵һζô
ΪΪսδƶߵһֱ֮ͬеľ԰޵еĴڣ
飬ȻұϾ·Ǿһɣ
ڶ֮Ʒͣȫ죬˫۸Ǻˣһͷħ
䣬Ӱ
ԭ䣬һط磡

˲Ϣ֮䣬˵طǰ޾ŭͿֲƣһȭط硣
ս񱬡
һ̣ٴζսȭǿɱС
ɲǼ䣬ڵѪھ׷ڡϣӿȭһֲһȭк
䡪
һȭطǰĿֱըһˣһ㽫ط֡ϯ
һȭ䳹񣬶ýҮٸԶطʱҪֲ
һȭطԴֲĹ
Ȼ
طѲǸٸҮһսطˣѾҪǿ߾ˣ
籩ģطĶ㲻ھӿұۣȭһھС
ǹʽ
죡
طͬһȭ
񡢷ŭͬطȭ֮ʱݣȻɡ
䡪
ȭײͬڵײͬʱըֲ໥һɿµˣɨķ
꣡
ȭ룬촫
ֹӦ飬ͷѪⱻ˾˲仯ΪС
ۡ
֮⣬ұֱ۶ϣһſһѪӲܿƵسȥ
һȭطȭҲھ壬˺Ѻľ࣬صˣ
ž
ž
ž

˾Ųͣ£ԭѾò԰ֽϢͷ
Ȼ
һΣûѡߣҲûͽżط֣һؿط磺㡭ûͻư벽񾳣ôǿֵز
˵֮ͬսɱ׼ǿ߾ղѾˣ
طޱػӦȻ䡣
ܣľԲܣ
ط֮ǰѾ͸©Լûͻƾǿ߾˿طĻȻţǳԼܲһĳֲΪ֪ʲôս˲ôࣿ
žžž
ӦطĽŲ
һΣطû䣬Ǿֱ䡣
սյϣûؿֲȫѧҲûС㵽õʲôõģ
ۿطĬħƵģ˻ţǸо·ǵò𰸣ġ
ûлӦطһߣһޱؿ䣬ڿһСݡ

طǰͣ½ŲֶȻӳָſצ״һץסĲȻһᣬӥСһ
ǵõٸһս𣿡
طץĲӣڿУʵ
桭ңʲô
ԣ뵽˵һսڻ֮󣬲Ļᣬǿͬʱɱ֡
Ȼûлشط⣬Ǽеɻ
ڵ
ط˵ţֶȻ
꣡
ĲӦѣ̵Ѫͷ­˲ӷּң
ͷ­Ⱥ׹ء
ҹĻ£Ѫ˫۵ɵùԲһĿ
ûеõԼҪĴ𰸣ھȥ
طûȥʬһۣ˦ϵѪȻ׼תأȥʬ
ܿģطӵʬǰ
дһأ״ʮֲҡ
ҸӱˣھȪ֮°Ϣɡ
طվǰͳ˵ţȻüĿ֮ž͸м
ط·˵һУΡ
죬ְطһΡ
ԭطһʼļƻԼͻΧʱ䣬ȴû뵽δߣǧһ֮ʰ䡣
ˣ˿̵һ߱ʬ壡
ৣ
£طոֱۣɫȻһ䣡
ΪظܵϢڼٳԼӽһǾǿ߾һǰ벽񾳣
УǵǿߵϢԲİ
ǵϢ裡
ಣ
طӰˣ˲Ķ״̬ٶȷӵ£Զ
Ȼҵͻƾǿ߾Ĺؼһֻ̤˽ȥûͻ
һ£ûκΰտ벽ǿɱ
벽ǿ߼Ȼһ𣬱Ȼɱģ
СͽӲġ
طӶͬʱһɭ
ڰУǵ벽Ϣ˶Ȼ٣




1907 վ
ǵ벽ϢǼ
̿ƶߣʹɱĳƺţ
ʵδؿŽǰİɱֶκٶȾܹǰ
˿̣ٶȷӵ£ֻʱ䣬طǰסطȥ·
ҹĻ£ɭɱ⣬ͬһѳʵ׵һ۾ߣΣյϢ
Сò˵Ҽǿˣѧ츳һУȫѧʷϵ漣
˫ۣϸشط硣
Ȼǻɱط磬طĿźε͡
ǷͣԴطĸִ˵ΪطղŴչһɱǿ߰Ϊط˿Ƿ侲򶨡
һ̣뽫ط׽ȻøֶطѱͶ
ȻͷֻԺһ
Ϊ֪ͨǰǶôƬȰǸңͬʱС
ˣǾԲᱻյġ
ˣԵˣԸվ
û´Ǽ
ڼطʱط翪ˣжϳ˼ݡ
Һܺ棬ôµģ
üĿ֮ӿֳһĨȣȻȤʵ
ɱֵϢ벽ǿߣΨһɱֳ
ط˵ͬʱ˼
ףΪʲôܹˡӵв˼ѧ츳Ҳھͬ㲻ߣǲܵ顣
ĿϬһ±㿴ط˼Ǹ̾һȻЦûж㶯֣ΪڵŮϵ֣Ҫɱ㡣
һΣطûпǽĿͶ˿衣
裬һһҹ¡
ԭҹ£ѱˮʪϣͬһعճħġ
ûлױյֵɱϰٷ֮ʮϵŮԣ˫۾κ˿ĵһ۱
Ȼ
ǹĹʣָһǿҵΣϢ
һ䶾޶ΣգֻԶۣɲɡ
Ȼ˿̵ط磬Ŀûһ˿ޣеֻǾ衣
̹ĺ֪һ¶ΣյŮˣ
ͬʱҲڿط硣
Ŀ⼫临ӡ
гޣġ
ޣΪĵһγطС
һ죬ط֣㽫˺ڰǸܻء
ģΪȫһطǵһñԼǿˡ
ǵġ
ΪŮŮСδƹͬԡ
ֱط磡
ղţطһ֮ɨɱǿ߰Ǵױȵ𺳣
ţһͬˣ飡
طϲ޹سࡢݡλȨƣֻһ֡
ǿ
߶ǿߵ밮Ľ
Ů˹޷ĨһУŮˡ
ط磬ּˡ
Ůܿͣ½Ųվڼԣڵ
ӦøлϵۣڡطޱػӦ
ৣ
ȻطĻһϲϲŭֱϵ裬˲ͳҲ֮ת䣺ط磬ҴӲϵ֮ۡǰ˵㻹ûͻƾǿ߾仰Ǽ٣
Ů⻹𣿿϶Ǽٵġʱ˵ΪӣӶû֣ûߵĻᡣ
ط翪ڻش𣬼Цſڡ
Ȼ
ȴΪֱضط磬һҪط翪ڻش̬
Ǿǿ߾ܰһ
طʣָָ

Ȼط仰ﲢǷŭЦһ㣬Ц󼥷˵СʱڳԣϷ𣿡
ңЧ
Ļ䣬ٴοˣı˳ԣطȻҲ
ţ
ȻĻϵЦһԾȵؿһۣûп
Ȼ֪Ϊλᵱ棬ȻΥ֪طܴӦ

һΣֵطЦˣһֿ׳յĿ⿴裬ľҲãҲգսͶѱ䣡
ȷ
۾ٴ˵֪ݣҵĸס㣬˻ɱ㡣
Ҫսս
طٴοڣֻ֡
䣬߶ھѪ˲ڣƶȻ
ʹˣ鷳ˣҪɱ
ٴطĻܵطľĺǿƣ䶢ط翴ӣŤͷ
á
￪ڻӦȻ󲻵Ȼ£طǰΪһնطı۰




1908 Ӳռ
Ϊ벽ǿߣóɱٶȼ˲ƾճطǰȫطκηӦͶʱ䡣
ΪĶﲢδɱ֣һֵնطı۰
Ȼ
ˣһֲԶ֮ǰƴһȭ

һֵնɫƣ֮׷ױиһĵնط硣
ҹĻ£طվԭأһȫĵҲ˺Хֵ
ЩХɨ壬ɢ
һ̣ڵѪ׷ڣȼӿھںһӿұۣȭ
ŻߡŵϢ·綼Զȥ
ţ
طͻȻϢüеЩ죬δ⡣
ৣ
ʱط綸ȻԼұۣ׼֡
ӵа벽ǿʵļطѡӲա

طĹһǸо·ڿһֻɽǷ𹥻
벽֮½ϣ
벽񾳣ѧߵɽ塣
һ벽񾳣ھתΪ
ΪһУȫѧʷϣδйǿ߿Կ벽ǿߵ
ЩưһʱѧҲһ㣡
ûоǿܹ浲ס벽ǿһ
һ£ڼֻǾǿߵط磬֣ôܷϣ
ţ
ͬʱԶ裬ط羹ȻҪƴмΪط粻ͷҲط
Ͼÿǿ߶벽ǿӲյģ
ô
طڵھѪ׿񱩣һ¯ȼյ˼£ʱᷢըƵģͬʱǹɻߡŵϢԡ
󡭡
طӭżһȭ
ǹʽ

һȭԼƵɱУ
һȭڲҩҩЧûɢǰ£߶غѪطҽĶ״̬
⡭Ŀǰܹõǿ
ɱУɱУ
䡪
һ̣һ촫
طȭݺݵ˺ХֵϣȫеھںѪһɿµк
ǹ֮ϵײһƿֲһ籩ϯķ
꣡
籩ģطȭ𿪣ֹǺ󶼱ѿѪֱҲ˲Ӳһڷ£ܿƵسȥ
ž
ž
ž

طһ˾Ųÿһƴȵѿ
ŲطסΡ
ۡ
һſһѪ
ղŵײֹǡѿֱ۱ϣм壬˺ľ˲ˡ
ϧվǲһ㡣
طѪ˿дź
ղѾһУȫ߶ھȼѪƴɱС𡯣վǲм
ǿ򣬳׽ļһƱܹӳֲ
һղһȭ²ܻ˼ҲܹӲһֵ

طеźͬʱǹս裬ǳֵļǵɴ۾һ˼ؿط磬·𲻸ǰһġ
ԣȻû벽񾳣֮ǰʮ벽ǿߡ
ڣЩ벽ǿ߶ָ裬רǰʾѧʽ˴˶д衣
һ£ڰ벽ǿߵ˽⣬˵һ֮еһˣ
Ϊ˽⣬֪벽ǿߵĿ£
طȭʱԺֱӸֳյĻ桪طұըΪУѪɶȻأʧȥսᵱȥ
˿̣طȻˣδʧȥսҽֻ˾Ųӱֱǹվԭأ
⡭𺳣ֱݣ
ԣе𾪼ֱй֮޲
벽񾳶꣬ٶȼ죬óɱսư벽ǿеٮٮߣ
ǵġ
ڰ벽ǿսҲܹȵŽǰ壬ǰ
һ£ղһֵûʹɱУҲ£Ҫ˵Ǿǿߣһİ벽ǿ߶δؿԵֵ
ڼУΪǿߵط磬Ӳգճɹֵұס֡
ֱЩԼһ˿ɣ
ٸԻɱսĽô
֮࣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôʶؿʵ
ŮղŵĽкܹ죬Ҳǿȫ˾ǿļޡ
Ļ䣬㿪ˣһ飬ҽ飬ȴбƳеĹȻٽɱ
á
һͬ˼顣
طղõĽкܸȤһ볢طѱͶ
һıϡ
Сò˵쳹ˡϾȻ桢ǿ
ۿͷһ˵ţһط磬ϹɭЦݣܿϧѧ̫ˣҲ޷ıҪɥĽ֡
ΪáΪδսʤ˵
ˣֻսûб׽²
طԣһЦõҵΣ
١Ϊ㻹Ŀ𣿡
һǾڸϣһҪǰط׽




1909 ɱ벽ǿߣ
ҲҿԾԼ
͵ٴطʱط翪ˣ󣬵ᶨ
ţ
طĻطǰӲͣ˽ŲӳҲͣ˿С
ΪܹܵطǷݾȻԼǺ׵顪߶ھԼɡ
ʹ㲻Ҫ˻
ȼѡɿ˵ԽȥһҲϣطԲá
á
ջ֣һӣ˵ԣɫʮѿ
Ϊ̿˵ƶߡʹʲôʱв
ȻĽ飬Լ뷨ֱӻɱط磬׽ط磬ط罻˺˵ѡ
ط磬ѧ츳޹Ž񣬾ȥѵÿϧ𣿡
ûı飬ط磬ٴοգֻҪȥѧ츳ȻΪ벽ǿߣͻƴ˵е񾳣
ֻҪұ֤ṩԴһʹλãλҸ񣡡
ûлش
ҹĻ£ط绺˫ۣԺиԼѵӰЩӰͬŵӰһ㣬ȺطԺ
Բƴʦ壬ҹǵ
ԲʦδܽΧĵȫɱ
Բ𣬰裬ӲܸǾТˡ
Բѩ㣬ҲȥҴԺȢˡ
ԺиֳһӰطǸҲüĿ֮ź
Ȼ
źź֪Լ˵úأ´˿̳ͻƾǿ߾Ҳ޼ˡǼĶ֣
һеͬʱػֵ˲䣬ԼԴ
Ϊ˲ص²Ϊ˲Լ䵽УѾھʹѪʧȥսط磬ѡɱ
ס
һĻͷһ˻
ʵϣ迪ڣѾˡ
طֵ̧˲䣬ط硣
ৣ
Ȼ
θնɫ䣡
ΪͻȻӦһǿϢǵϢȫͻȻֵģ
ǵϢ˶Ȼһô˲Ϣ֮䣬طȻѸײڶ֮ƣһطĺ󾱡
ɲǼ䣬طԲõĶȻֹ˳Եһ˵ĻУ߲ͣһѱסط磬һֱʧ˺ҹУ·δֹһ㡣

һĻǼ趼ɵˡ
ζû뵽Ȼڸڹؼʱ̾ط硣
ġʹǸ˭
Ӿлعʶسʵ
֪
ı粻ղ֮ûг֣ǱǸ˵ĳ־ˣʧȥȻҲΪӦ˵Ϣ
һ޷ˣԼԴ뿪轫Σա
ԭûɱط磬ԲĹ
ʹղû׷Ϊ˵ʵ㣿
Ļش𣬿ı飬һµʲôǿ֤
š
ͷûжһ㣬ȻӦһҶǻѧİ벽ǿߣƻġҼƻģǵƻĵϢ
£ҲףղҪĿǾط硣
ҲûжԼֵԭ򡪡˳֣ȫԶط֣
ǸղŲӦøطôϻģ̫ϧˡ
һʣ֪Ϊûлɱط磬Ϊûл׽ط磬õط
Щϧ
ɫͬÿǸ¹󣬻ѧԻǿطıʱɱط罫һѵ顣
طչֳѧ츳ƿصĿֲһͻư벽񾳣جΣ
鲢δӰ쵽׵ļƻսձ̵ӡŷںͿĴɳǿΧ˻ط磬˵ڶ
תһ룬ٴοڣкת
š
ͷȻŮȻɱطʧܣûˡ뿪ɡ
ߵ𣿡
ʱһȻƺԶֺܽƮ
˭
ͻüɫ䣬ǰ߸һ䱸ؿڣͬʱظӦܣӦκϢ
ৣ
ɫ䣡
ΪƿȻ󿴵һɫӰͬһ㣬ٶԶ
飡
ۡ
һ̡
ȼκηӦͬʱ
ҹĻ£Դͬѹһ㣬˲ըΪһѪѪ

ɬʶһϵѪ˾ξˣʲô
ͨ
Ӧһ졣
ͷʬȻأһѪ
ΧһƬţ·ѹû
һУһͷƤ飬¾ֵԶ޲ϳ̵ľ
һ̣ܵ˴δйľţ
Ϊ˲ɱ˰벽ǿеٮٮߡ
޷飡




1910 Ϣ
Żˡ
޷ҪôǿߣſһɱüӦ͵ֵδü
֪ĸҲ޷һ㣡
Ϊ̫ţһȥԶȻһƬͣ½ŲδӦΧǿߵϢҲ֮侲һЩ
侲ףԼֵҪֵĻܸĻᣬǻһֻһ˲佫ɱ
仰˵˲м֡
߻طֵͬһ𣿡
侲뵽֮ǰ˲䱻ɱһĻЩ£ͬʱӿֳһɻ
ǡ
˴𰸡
Ϊ֮ǰӦ˵һ˵ϢҿԷطΡ
ڻɱˡ
޷ӦԷϢûпԷӰͷ·Ǹѹûгֹһ㡣
ͨһ֮˼Ȼԭ·أص֮ǰɱƬ֡
˵ʬ廹ڣû˶һж뿪ʱһ
״ɿؽ伸˵ʬƬ沿дȻżͷʬ壬ٴ뿪֡

СʱһͻȻڰ̳֡
طɱ
ӵı⡣
׶ʱ䵱21ʱطϲ˳ǰֶ»أ׼μٰϲӻ飬ھؾ»3ﴦɱ
ս䡢ʲձ̵д̣ӡŷڿӣͿסط˵
˫սսطһսȫɱͬʱˡ֪䲻
ӵݣ֮⻹伸ʬƬ
һ㱻̳Աö죬̼Ϊ̳޴𶯣̳Աɱ㵼ҳ濨
ϵ۰ֱţ
ǰط羹Ȼƾһ֮ɱǿ߰Ҳ̫˰
֪طûĻ

ͬһطµĴ˵ĻԱǣ׷̳ӽлݴԾ̾Ϊ˶طȥ
ͬʱϢҲ̵ʱ䴫˸
Ӣׯ԰
Żȥׯ԰ûϲա
ׯ԰һϵϥڤ
ϡ棬ˣˡ
һŵ
ৣ
Ȼ˫ۣһ⣬ͬһĳԱǰʲôˣ
ϡ棬ոհϢ峤սӡŷڡձ̵ֽɱط磬ͳͳط練ɱˡ
ৣ
ĳԱĻ˵꣬Ϊ벽ǿߣӵһžǿۣͷһɫٴһ䡣
Ϣȷ𣿡
һѽԱ
ϡ棬ȷȷաƬ
ĳԱŵû궼ûˣͰ͵˵
£óֻ򿪣Ȼݸۡ
ž
ۿֻУͿһôϣһĿ
ɲǼ䣬۾õԲ۾ֱֻըѡ
ҹĻ£ıŭǡ
ŭΪͿ弸˴У
ǣΪΧɱطʧܣطпܻţпӭ֣֮

ձ̵
ӵа벽ʵΪд忡ӵһ绰֪̻д̽ɱطʧܵ顣
˸£ⲻܣ
д忡ϢĵһӦ
Ϊձ̵ݵλԺգ֪ձ̵սӡŷںͿĺ֪νɱж
̻д̺ǿ߰ʵֻɱһˣǸǰ벽񾳣޻¿ܣ
Сд忡ˣһʼҲϢ̻ʴʬƬطء
ձ̵鱨Ա˵ţԺֳ︡дʬƬͷŸеһ󷢺
ǿ̻ʴ˰
ôˣ
⡭ôܣ
ܿģд忡ӵϢдʬƬ˳ɵۡ
ͬΣӡŷݡ
ӡŷڵķУʬƬʱ˴ľԼ۾
ͬһʱ䣬ս
Ϊս⸺˵ڼȷϣȷϢ󣬵һʱķ䡣
ս񣬸ոյϢ
Ϊ̫أ֮û񣬶ֱӿڻ㱨
㡭˵ʲô
˽ɱʧ֮һ𾪵شĻôܣ˼ǿľǿ߰»طǸнҲֻɱһˣôȫɱ
սҿȥƬϢġ
ɫΪѿҲԸһУʵ֤һжġطɱ˰ڵǿ߰
ǻطأûУ
ٴĻصı飬֪ϢģĬ㼸ӣȻٴοڣɭ˼£ǸоǴＷ仰
ݰϢĿǰȷطǸǷˡʵ˵
飡Դ黪طǸ䣡
һָʾ⣬ϵӡŷڡձ̵Ϳ壬ٿƵ飬ĶԲߣ
ǣս񣡡
֪еĶԲԻѧġ
Ϊսڣûһҳܻѧŭ
طǻѧۣ




1911 
賿ĵʮ֡
ྩ֯ܲ
ԭڤգһ󼱴ٵֻѣֻһǻ֯鱨Ÿ˵硣
ղŰϢط׶սձ̵ӡŷںͿĴɳǿ߰ɱ
½Ͳкܿ촫˻֯鱨˵
⣡
ͷһֱӴ϶ԷĻʵСô
ݰϢɱطľǿ߰ͳͳɱˡͬʱϲӵ̹ܽսطĿǰ֪䲻
֯鱨˵֮оȣء
ȣΪ޷طƾһ֮ɱǿ߰ġ
أΪеϢطͻư벽񾳣ȥĿԼ͡
Ǳ߶һ鱨С䣬ھȥλ㱨飡
ٴ֯鱨˵ĻյȶһЩ
á
֯鱨ӦһȻֱӹҶ˵绰
ʵϣѾող˵ˡ
ΪƻĶطǺεȵأҲ֪طԻѧ塪Ӣۺδ

׶
ݿѾصԼסСʱˡ
Ϊڻûдɡ꣬صס󣬵һʱˮ裬
£Ҫ
ݿԡһ˵
߹£Һܿ
˵ĻݿڻӦţȻԡ߳ԡϴһӡ
һУ·סĻ
ѵȺʱݿȿڣĵʵݿװĺӣ˵ˣû°ɣ
£Ҹ˸ˮ裬û¡
ݿ΢ЦŻӦЦݲöˣϲõζ
һУֻΪطӦȲμϲӵĻ֮󣬱
ݿ鿴ȥǼطˣһп֪ʵ
ǵģ¡
ݿԣϵЦݸӲˣ˵Ȳμ飬Ҫء
װĺӣһֵø˵Ϣء
ݿĻһͬ¶˷ܵЦݡ
²֪ԼŮط飬طݿǸеԵĸˡ
ΪԼŮܹõİ˵Ӷеġ
ΪҪǣӢҶԣط൱һɽ
طĴڣſ岻ҶӢ
һ£طݿĹϵԽܣԿԽ
ɣݿ֮ǰ㽫׼ȷʱңΪ׼Ϊ¡صĹ͢硣
֮࣬뵽ʲôڲ
õģ¡ݿ΢Цŵͷ
££³ϣзǳҪ鱨Ҫ㱨
ݿĻ䣬ͻȻ³ϵ
³ӢҵĻӳ𰲱鱨
³ϣɡ
³ϵֱӿڻӦûѡܿݿ
ΪݿӢҳ˲֮ҪĳԱܵϢݿҲʸ֪
ǣ£
³ϹӦݿסܿ˻һʱݿ񣬡¡¡
³ϣҪ㱨ʲô飿
żɽʵüĿ֮ź棬һƵǡ
һУֻΪ˽³ϣ֪³Ϻڻ㱨ʱᵽҪۡ
££ҸոյϢطʦǰؾ»ص;У˽ɱ
³ϲҵɿؽл㱨
Ȼ
Ļ˵꣬㱻ϡ
ʲʲô
ݿͬʱ
Уݿ˲ɷף˸ǽŶվ
ʲô
ݿԣҪǿĶ࣬ܿлعһѪʳ˹ؼ
մϢݡ
³ٴοڣԼԵһЩ֮Ȼ𾪡
ǿȫΪǿľǿ߰ȫطУǺεȵľˣ
⣡
ٴ³ϵĻݿͷһ𣬻һǰһڣվȣԵ
£
³ϼ״ɫһ䣬æַסݿݿλϡ
Ϣʵ𣿡
ҲϢˣЩ
£Ϣ˻ͬʱϴǿ߰ʬƬӦʵ³ٴοڻش𣬼ʵҲԼƶϡ
³³ϴʦΪط᲻Σգ
ݿ΢תһЩȲʵ
£Ȼطʦһһ˵ûκһ˵ε𺳣
³ϳһ£ҿطʦͻ˰벽񾳣ɵػɱǿ߰ܣ
ͻ𣿡ʵ
ǿߵ벽񾳣߶һǵҪʱѧۣȫѧʷϼû֮ͻƵġ
³˵ͣһ£ҲЩͳطʦΪǿ߻һ꣬ͻư벽񾳵ĿԼûС
ৣৣ
ݿͲԣɫٴһ䡣
ݿֱɤϣٴνǵʵ³³ϴʦ˼طΣգ
š
³ɫѿصͷҸղ˵ûͻư벽񾳣һսȻʮֲҡ˼ػɱǿ߰ҲԸ˼ΪʹĴۡ
Ҳ˵طʦӦġ
߶ԣƴһսܵˣΣ
֮⣬û˱֤Ĵֻɳǿ߰һ˴ڵĻطʦܻš
磬ӦҪҵġôһô
³ϵƶϣݿشɫ԰ף㱣δ׾
ΪǸˣδƭ




1912 һֱǴ˵Ĵʣ
ҹʮʱһƬ
ͬһ𴲣Ȼϴ
ͬǣϴ֮ûȥǴ˱ʼǱ׼½̳ǷйطϢ
طÿ뿪ɽ֮ÿ춼顣
ǣط磬ûشǰ´ϵط磬ַֻʽĬĬעط硣
ܿģԴ򿪣Ѹٽ밵̳
ৣ
һ̣ɫ䣡
ΪöǸӡطɱ
ɲǼ䣬ɤϣȻص㿪ӣûĶǵһʱ濴
֪طû£
⣡
ط֪䲻ʱͷһʶһԵǵ绰Ҫϵط硣
ǵ绰˲䣬ָֻһ˿ǣг嶯ͷ
Ǹطĳˣ޷ͨ绰
طûгµĻȵʵʱһ绰֪ͨġ
һ£绰ûκ壬пܻطӰ졪һط类˰Χ䣬ͨ绰ڱ¶ط硣
£Ҫ侲
·ǵ绰аһȻۣͬʱ˫ȭսɿΡ
һУ˫ۣ˳侲Ȼӵݡ
شʦһţ
¿ӵ֮гһͷ
طΣһǸĸԸ˴׷ˣһһַʽȥעۣ֮δǳսʤΪȫĿӢۣ

֮ɽĳϿվһɽſڡ
ƻľɽչأϢֻ֪
ƻڱչ֮ǰգش飬Ҫ
ΪƻԤϵδǳսԽԽˣҲҪʵ
ʦСˣ
վɽſڣڣɽþòɢ
֮һƿƻƾһɽڣʵôˣ
ĵʮֵʱҽӵˡ
̿ڣԼӵ绰ݣһһʮƻ˻㱨
øҵͻƾǿ߾ˡ
յĻ㱨ƻķǵûбɫһƽˡ
ʦʦ˼С粻Σգһ𾪵ؿƻġ
ᡣ
ƻĺŵҡͷ
Ϊʲôʶʵ
һȻķɳǿǿȥɱС磬֤ɰ벽ǿߣҲɡ
ڶҸղ˵Сܹɱǿ߰Ѿҵͻƾǿ߾Ѿͻˡ羳սһͻƾǿ߾пܿ벽ǿߵġ
ƻ˵ͣһ£µزһ䣬ûеս
һ£ԡ
ˣС䣬ȥɡƻİڰ֡
ʦʦѵǲ£ȥѰС䣿Ҳȥս鷳
ٴαˡ
СǱ߲õѰˡĴԲӦ䣬ǻһ˵ġƻҡͷһǡ
á
յͷ
ƻһתӻɽٶȼ죬ӦûС
СĲ𣿡
ſյɽڣ̲סԼ
ƻļΪ𾴡ݺΣȻЩ˼顣

ͬʱ
׶ؽһϵլӡ
լһƬڣӰںڰ֮С
լӵһ䷿طȾѪһŹžɵĴϣڻ״̬
֮ǰطԼһƴɱС𡯣˾ųɾŵھ˴Ѫ
ˣɲмһˡֹǶ֮⣬ҲصĴˣ˼
ʱֻǿ־֧ţûԼ£ͬʱһ˿ھࡣ
һͲΪķ²Ҳ䵽У
ǧһ֮ʣ˳֣һֵĲϣ˹ȥ
ԭˣѪأһֵ˿˼£޷
ߣΪ֯Сȣطúҩ֮ΪطϴӣϵѪȫΪطë̺
һУȱ˶߳˷䣬˹լĿ
һ׷ԲԵϥڵϣ߳˫ۡ
Ƥǽ֯ĻƶߺǿߣҲȵ̫үү
̫үүΪʲôôصˣ
üͷһõƤ
ǵġ
Ƥ̫үү֯ĻƶߣҲָ
ΪطˣƼء
еۡ
ԭ򡣡
ȵָƤδһƽ˵һļڰУû֣ᱩ¶ûκΰܹɱ
ڶȵ־ʱ򣬼Ѿˣ޷ֹ֡
̫̫үүʲôʱ㲻ǴӦҪ𣿡һͬʱһ˿ŭ
ǴӦ㣬֤ʸҳ֡仰˵û֤ԼҲ־
ƤһһΪע̫ˣһˣ֯᳹״ʧ
һΣȳĬ
Ϊ֪Ƥ˵ʵ
֪Ƥط磬ôһ᲻ϧһд۲֯
֯һֱģˡ
һ£Խ֣֯ҲδػڵһʱӪȣ
ȻıҾޣ˵漣
ۿȳĬƤٴοˣд޷εľȺͣһǿ߾ûͻƵˣȻԻɱǿǿ߰һӲصס벽ǿߵһﻹǰ벽ǿеٮٮߣ
ȫѧδеĴ˵
̫үүһֱǴ˵Ĵʡ
Ƥһ˵ңõĽΪең




1913 
ڶ죬ҹĻٴνٵʱȫɻڶطɱԼɱǿ߰𶯣ͬʱһ̽ط䡣
׶ؽǶϵլӵķطˡ
ʹ
طָʶ֮󣬵һӦʹ
ֻȫͷǱ˺һ㣬ʹޱȡ
Ȼ
ˣطû¶˿ʹı飬ǵһʱ˫ۣȻڴߵȡ
ͬʱԼϵƶˣִʯͱ
ˡ
ۿط΢΢һЦ֪кܶʣڿ֮ǰȺȿˮɡ
£ȶˮҪطιˮ
Լԡ
ط翪ڣ˻ƣȻû˵֣ӹˮؽһˮꡣ
𣿡
ˮʵ
ˡ
طǻӦȣȻʵô
̫үү㡣
ǿżɽظطȻŲɱ֮󣬱ʹˡ̫үүüɾʱ򣬳嵽ߣΣȻ

ȵĽͣط粻һ
û뵽֯ȻԼ
Ͼ൱ڴĻڶˣһ¶ĻԽ֯Խ֣֮
ۿط粻˵֪ط룬ûеƣЦ˵ģطܰȫ˵ǶҲﰲˡ
ȣΪʲôҪأ
طȣʳеɻ
ԭ򡣵һҵѣ㻹ûɶҵĳŵ
ڶ֪ģ֯ԹڰսһξˣѡվߡүүΪ㽫δǳսĹؼ
̹Ȼ˵
лл
ط翪ڵлȻһŵδ֯ҪҵĵطܿڣֻҪΥҵѡϵɽ»𺣣ǣ
طĳŵûбֻ̬Цؿط硣
ûиط磬֮֯Ըı֯涨սȫΪ
ΪȰ˵Լ̫үүӪط磬ûٷ˼ΪƤûаȫؽطȻƤ
ˣȣʲôطʵ
綼ˣ뾡һа취䣬ȷǷˡ
˵ţ˸Ĺâ
ʱϯ߸˵ط罫Ϊǣţʵӡ֤ϯߵĲ²⡣
ȣ鷳һǵ绰
ط˵֪ԼһѾ֪飬Ҽ䵣ԼİΣ
Ѿ׼ˡ
תһǵ绰ûֱӽط磬ǿѵи飬㲻ҪϵݿڻĵѣҲϵ
š
طԣһô˵˼
ؾ»ظ⵽ɱ˺в롣
Ӱش˻ϣȥ
սձ̵ӡŷڡ᲻ϧһд۵䣬Һпܴط֡
һ£طϵԼѵĻпܱ¶Լţпܱ¶ص㡣
һ̼ߵŮˣطԼ֮ûٶ˵ʲôֱת뿪˷䡣
طֱӲͨյĵ绰
á
绰ܿͨͲдյ
壬ҡطݡ
СС磿
طϤղɸеЩ
ǵġ
նֻäĿΣֻ֮ǰգط粻Σգط֮󣬻Ǽˡ
壬ҡ
طܹյļ֮ǰһܵԼİΣůġ
С磬׷ʲô
ݵļպܿ侲ʵ
·ɻ֮ϲӵ̹ܽߣǰؾ»ص;˽ɱ
ط½ľա
ʲʲô
֮󣬶ʱ󾪣Ҳˣ
ţһɱֵ֮ġط˵
δǸߵģѵͻ˾ǿ߾ԿٴʵЩڴ
һûгͻƾǿ߾ӲƴһǣУˡ뽫ҷ²׼ɱ֯ƤҾˡطʵ˵
ƤǸ֯İ벽ǿߣԣһ
ţطȷϵ
ô
ûط磬֯ΪҪ֣ѯطơ
һ棬ڽֵ֯ԭԣطĿǰ
һ棬Ҳ֪ط֯ȹϵǱѰ漰ط˽Ҳʡ
壬ҵƻãһʱͺˡҸ绰Ǹ㣬û£Ȼ취ϢߵˣǲҪġó˵ʱ䣬չسͻƾǿ߾طص
Ǿͺá
ԣ˿Ȼİɣһᾡ֪ͨǵģƻָ֮ǰǱϢ
壬սձ̵ӡŷںͿô˵
طһҲʶܱ¶ԼŵϢʵ
Ĵûз˽ɱ飬ǣ˵ĸΪǽ¡١ⲻƭ𣿡
ճ˵֮ŭ⡣
ߣطȴһƽ
ƺһҲеȣҲеŭ
󣬵طҶϵ绰ֻ֮ص˷䡣
ҸղյϢĴ˵˽ɱǸΪ
ڣյϢط硣
ҸղѾ֪ˡطɫƽصͷ
㡭㿴һҲŭЩֵؿط硣
ʵСʱ򣬷ŭûκ壬ô
طԳһЦ΢΢۾ò˶ãһᰤţһ㣡




1914 гر
Ϊƶߺͺڰԣ뿪ܲ
Ȼ
һ죬ȴ˴뿪ܲʧ֮⡣
һУֻΪյ˼ﱻɱϢ
ͨ˽ﱻɱϸڡʧܲΪȻųĴڣźεġ
ִ뿪ʧ֮ǵ绰һԾ֮ϣ̤˶У˲ӳȥϰףһ˻
ھִϰĺͣ½Ųƽȵں֮ϣȻͨǵ绰
Ůҡ
绰ܿͨǱݣȻֱʵﵽôģ
ף
æһһʮظ񣬰һЩϸڣطλɱǿ߰ͼ˲ɱ
Ѿȥһ죬˵ʱȻԱƽ£ֻԼһ
ȷûκηӦ͵ֿͱɱˣ
ϸ㱨üͷһ
룬Ҳ޷˲ɱ
ǵģףҿԿ϶һ㣡
輫϶ӦЩӼ﷢Ǹˣﱻɱ˲Ϣ֮䡣ȫûиӦǸ˵ϢҲûп˵Ӱͷ·ûгֹһ㡣
ٴĻĬˡ
Ǹ貢Ϊ̫͡ʵ̫ûп˽ֵḶ́Щ˲Ϣ֮䷢
һҪǿ󵽺ֵزſ˲Ϣɱ
֪
֪
ף˻Ǹ˵еĻǲͻ˴˵е񾳣
ĳĬʶԼеĻҪأ̲סʵ
Ѿͷһˣʼûд𰸡
Ů㾡ȷҪ¶١
񻺻ڣʡ
ףǻطô죿
ЩȻʶʵȻ󲻵񿪿ڻش𣬱Ȼˣûѧ츳ʵ̫ˣɳȥ
Ƕԣµĵ˲Ǹɱˡ
񿪿ڴĻսķǸɱƱػḶж
֪ˣס
Ȼ˼
Ǹɱˣ޴ѹпܻ˱չأȫ񾳡
ΪҪǣȻսķѾĽɱ˵ĸΪڶ塣
ͨϺʵ棬ܹȷطһԹˡ
ţطưոݡϢˡ
ҲţսķΪɿط
һطɳսķбǽķجΣ
һ£ķƱػ뾡һа취ط磡

·Ϊӡ֤ƶƵģͨʱһܵƵڽУμӻֻˡ
սƶձ̵ƶ߾̡ӡŷڷкͿۡ
һʼպأ˵ɫѿǸоȳԷʱһֻӬҪܡ
Ϊ˻ɱط磬ķɳ˸ǿľǿߣͬҲδļ̳ߡ
񣬽ɱʧܣͳͳɱĴʧǿľǿ߰ͬʱĴϲ㣡
ΪҪǣطֳսȫǶѧ֪طɳȥһطͻư벽񾳣ΪĴجΣ
źǵĽɱжʧˡ
ݵĳĬȿڣƵİطǸսǵ֪νɱжսģԸΪ˴жҪΡ
ΪٿƵ飬̽˭Ϊ˴νɱжʧܶķȻ˲˴νɱôǶԼƻϿɵģֻǽǵԤϡ
Ļ䣬Ϊձ̵ƶߵľ̿ˣҪνڵ⡣
ǵġȻѾ˵ĽɱжǸΪѧûǵ鷳ǸطԲ˵
һǿƵˣһгرȵ׳ɳ֮󣬾Իˣ
Բ׳ɳǽǵѣ
Ϊ峤Ҳˡ
ۣ˵ϲӵĻԷͼûطǸ֮ĳޡ
ĿͶеۣѵжϳμƻʧܣ
ôܣ֪ƻʧܵĻôðͿ룿
ɫһ䣬׼б޻ȴΪ˺֣ʣЩ顣
֤νɱĲ㡣Ĳǰ£ûȷƻɹ취ϴɡ𣿡ٴʡ
˵ûΪƻзյʱ򣬰иϹȥҲ
̿ڸͣƵ֮ǰѾͨˣ֪Ҫʲô
ʲô˼
Ҳʶʲôɫһ䡣
ۣҸղЩ㣬μƻԭ˳ɵģΪʧˡ
μƻҲˡ

Զԡ
ΪͿʬڽɱֳһط֮ĳ޳ΪһЦĻԣͬʱҲϷˣ˻
һͿδҪٵĲطıлŭ
֮ǰ̺Ϳ˵ĿǰҪǽ⡣İ취ֻһɱطǸ顣
ۿˣٴοڣǲ㴰ֽ˵˴˴λĿģµõİ취֣طǸɱ
Ϊİ벽ǿ߶ӢҶᱻѧ綢ţһѧƱҲǿǰӢ
ѧҲᶢҰңط֪䲻ҾɱҲҲ˰۷
а취ûطɱ
򿪴˵׳ѡͬôϲӵŭս㵲ţѧķһ֡
㲻ͬôǻ粿ӵŭ𣬻ǻطպıǶ壡
ʲô˼
ٴĻ۶ʱŭˡ
Ϊղⷬ׸ѡʵвۡ
ֻҵ飬ѡܾޱ顣
ôطǸ飿
ɫѿض˺üӣЭͬʱʳеɻ




1915 ѡ֮
ط𣿡
طûĻ
糿طɱѾȥʮСʱȶû˿ĽͣȻڵطϢ˶֪ط䡣
׶ؽǶϵķ
طϥڷ۹۱ǣǹģ߶غھľת
áǹʽƴڶദҪָ
ָʮָӣҪط׼ȷؿھӶȷᳬܹܵļޣӾơ
طֻ۷ǿߵʱǼٲݲ뻪ѧѧǳսӲ˾ǿһ
һΣطͬ˺صˣദˣһ²Żָ
һΣطҪһһЩѾ˾飬ָһЩ
˻ָ֮⣬طҲλᣬһֱͣͻƾǿ߾
طСؿھȫߣһʹ۵£Ǻˮȴ治ɫ
ףүүΪʲôΪʱˡ
Ժ֯Ƥ͸ͷ亹ط磬Ŀ¶ͺ壬޷ѧ츳ҽǷݶʵĿǿ־ж츳Ŭȱǹھͬˣѡ֮ӡ
̫үүѵŷô
Ƥط磬Цһ仨ǳһ
Һڴͻƾǿ߾
ǸĵģƤ֪Լ˺ص鶾ûжԴ˷ɿط磬Ŀеͱڴȡ
̫үүͻƾǿ߾֮󣬿Կ羳벽ǿɱôȺʵ
֪ҿԿ϶һͻƳɹ벽ǿеİӦÿԱƤһ˵ԼĿ
ǿ߿ɱ벽ǿߣǺδеĴ˵ڴءȵüĿ֮Ҳڴ
һ̣ޱڴطͻƣڴطδ벽ǿɱµĴ˵
ͬʱ
׶
֮ûüϴóֻͨ³ϵĵ绰
簲¡
绰ͨͲд³ϵʺ
³ϴʦϢ𣿡ݿżɽʵ
£ĿǰûйطʦϢ
³֪ݿʵطϢ
֪ˣ³ϴʦ
ݿԣЩʧȻֲ֮ǰ˵һϢʲôʱһʱ˵ҹ
õģ¡³
ˣ³ϴʦҸ𣿡ݿʡ
£㣬½첻֪ʲôԭڻû𴲣Ҫ³˵ţиеЩ졣
ΪӢһӳҪְǱòİȫֻҪ
׶Ļǲ
Ϊ׶ķɭϣǾǿߣȻϢش
Ϊˣ֪Ϊλû𴲡
ڹȥЩ֮Уδôû
õġ
ݿҲʮ̴֣Ӧ
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Ƭ֮󣬵ݿסʱ³ѾſڵȺˡ
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ݿ΢΢׻ӦȻǰ췿ţ𣿡
ûлӦһƬš
Ϊˣݿֱƿ˷š
סΪ㣬һ鷿ҡ
鷿ϸĿǸӶ֤Ϣʱ򲻻ᱻš
Ŵ򿪣ݿһ鷿³Ͻ
˿鷿յģֱӳȥ
ڴϣһ·ѹû˽ŵ
ৣ
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֮ǰ⣬Ϊ鷿иϸ޷ͨĺжϲʲô˿֮̽ûĺ
ʶ˲
֮䣬³ϱӵ˴ߣȻؿɫ࣬˫͹û˰
ৣ
һĻ³ϵɫٴο䣡
³壬Ҹôˣ
ݿһߣһ³ϵı仯пʼò
ȥˡ³Ͼ˵
ʲʲô
Ȼ³ϵĻݿʶͣ½Ųɫ˲䡣
³˵ʲôֻŵس嵽˴ߡ

Ųһࡢ˫͹ӣݿһֱɤϣʶץס֣һ
֣ݿٴξһһڣ˹ȥ
ͬʱ³ϻعûȥݿѸټŲʬ壬
³³ϴʦô£Ҹö˶˵ôˣ
Ӻݿסӣɫף˺ʹس³ʵ
Ǻ˥߶Ǳ˰ɱġңǾǿߣ
³ɫѿ˵ͬʱзɿ뵽ʲô
ǿ߰ɱҸףݿһ¡
ǵģ¡³ɫص˵
ǿΪʲôҪɱҸףĸľǿߣ
ݿʶʵ˻ڻ״̬ƺ޷пʵ
һΣ³ûпݿ侲
һݿԼ뵽𰸡
³ϴʦǿɵģ
Ȼݿָܿһ˿侲жϡ
һֱ嶼õ߸ӢңֻΪطĴڣû飬ôûС
£ҲжϵģӢΣˡ
³ϵͷϳŵǡ
Ǹط𡪡ʧȥطıӻӢڿǰ׸ţ
һ̣¶ˣҲ´ˡ




1916 һȴһȴ
Ӣǧʷȫ򴫳õ֮һûƿӢ
Ҫ׷ݵ1688ӢٸⳡѪĹ͢ɵĽ֮Ȩĳ̨ʼ˶ԾȨƣȨȨ
ڹȥЩ꣬ӢӢ䱾һֹϵҪάȶ
ĳ˵Ӣľ
Ȼ
ʱķչӢҵҲԽԽ͡
ͻļ
ϣһϢ˲䶯Ӣȫ
ϢӢý巢ģýͳһھ
ӢЭ̵Ľ
Ȼڰɱֻ³ϵжϣûκ֤ܹ֤һ㡣
һ򲽽ģҲܽ๫ڣ򽫻֮С
ڴǰӢѡЭ
֮ӢΪٰʢ񣬼ȫдǰ
ӢһЩ֪ʿͳͳμ񣬸ҳԱ
ΪӢҵĹλһ̳ˣݿϯ˲񣬶ĿȫĴ˽ο
ǣҲΪպݿ»
̣ݿǳʹࡣ
Ƿʹ࣬Ϊס뿪Ϊ֪Ļȴ˵ҪԱһϷ
ĳ˵̣ܲ
֮ԭӢҪݿλ̳ʽ顣
Ӣ顣
Ȼ
ԴֻδᣬҲûǰ׶·ѹҲ¡
óݿ֮ӢҳԱе˿ֻš
ԭǾ͵ģӢһᱻѹϳķӦݸоŨҡ
ĵ죬׶ûеȵ࣬ȴȵһλ֮Ŀˡ
Ъ
Ъ峤
׿Ŀ岻̸ЪӢʵĵһ壬üյĲƸȨʵԶԶӢҵġ
ˣҲͬݿ뿭ЪĻԼˡ
ΪطĴڣⳡԼջǰ;ֹЪǱط׶һ
֮⣬ĸ磬Ъĵһţԭ͢ӶӳɪЪҲطС
һУЪط֮ǣͬʱҲݺⲨӢҺݿˡ
ЪָյҪݿݿ岻ʣܾ棬壬ҲǲõܻЪ
ݿҽӢǷԴȥѡ񲻼ĻôѡӢҵĴС
Ъݿ֮˵ĵһ仰ҲΨһһ仰
ݿ屻仰ŵòᣬһʱǰݿסȰ˵ͿݿЪ档
ݿ׶ӭЪ棬·˹һ
ݿӣڻǳ˰
ӭЪݿ֮ûɵ뵽˿ɪ˲佫ϵġߡժ£¶Ŀ³񶾡
ʲô˼
ȻĻݿ·˹ʱǳ⡣
ȻпֻţΪҵҪԱһֱػҵҫΪΡݿΪһιݿڼ̤Ӣҵҫ
Ǻǡʸô˵ô
Ц·˹Ŀڿһ档
ֻΪңĿĴﵽˡ
һΣ·˹ڣݿޱؿͳ˵
ӣϢԣһǺϢһǻϢ׼ĸЦŻӦݿ
ݿԣޱ飬ҲûпڻӦ
ǡ㵹ǳסţϣ
״ٴЦϢϲǸˡţǻطǸ飬û
ৣ
Ļ䣬·˹ݿı˲䶼ˡ
У·˹һϲ
ΪĵܵܣȻ֪Ӣڹȥһʱ䰲ȻȫΪԶطڱ塣
仰˵һΣɱ֮ǰҪϳӢңȫΪط
˿̣ȴ˵طû
⡭ܲϲ
ͬʱݿҲ˾ҵ
ԴӲɱ֮󣬵һ¶

һ̣ռŲ԰׵ϡ
Դط֮һֱڵطİΣطû
ԣϵ۸һȴִһȴ
Ȼ
ݿ·˹ھϲ󣬺ܿʶ˲Ծ
ȻطûĻôôҰɱ
ĵ˵ϳӢĻ
ûϢˡ
·Ϊ˻Ӧݿ·˹ƵģЦһѾϧһдۻɱطǸ飡
ৣ
ৣ
ٴĻݿ·˹ıٴαˡ
ʲô
ݿо֮࣬뵽·˹˵Ǿ仰ʶʲôʵ
ӣȻҺ㣬ȥ鿭ɪҲòϣ㻹Щǻ۵ģٱ·˹ǿˡ
ݿʶڣЩ࿴Ϸʵ˵һ䣬Ȼݿһһ˵
ӣЭɱطǸ飬㽫˳̳㸸׵λӢҲУҳԱҫ͸
Ӣҽϳ㽫ؽΣ
ӣǿѡ񣡣




1917 ϳ
ӭ
ৣ
ɲǼ䣬·˹ı䡣
ϳӢң
Ȼ֪Ъ岢ûһ㣬֪Ǵ
壬Ӣϡءǿļ壬ԿԷϳӢң
·˹ͬݿԵʮƽ
Ƿƽеһ˿⡣
ӣӦ֪Ҵ˭ԣ㲻ûҵĻ
δе¶ϣݿŲ԰׵Цңѡ񣡡
Эɱط磿ô
ݿ˵ţӸ𰸡
١ӣԻطǸ鰮úȻԸΪ˱ȫӢҴжȥ
ٴθеЩ⣬ͬʱЦһʵתѡɣӢҴӽ󽫻Ϊʷ
£վֱȥ
Ѿ֪˿ļƻԿԣݿѡ񣬶Ӱɱطļƻֻ׳̶Ȳͬˡ
ס
뿪·˹ξѣæ
Ȼ
ȴ·˹Ļ˷ƨȫûᣬŲûжһ¡
ݿ
ۿûԼ·˹ʱˣæŤͷݿ
壬Զᱳط磡
ݿֱ·˹Ļٴα̬ȣᶨӹɣңطôô԰ɱ
ɡǡ
·˹˵ʲôֽߵĻʻ˶ӡ
еһ˿Ǹܸݿľ
һ򲽽ݿıط磬Э彫طɱӢҾ˳ش
ܣ
ȻϳӢңǽʱһ㡣
෴طܹڿĴɱƻдٴθĻӢһԼȥ
ݿѡ񣬼أֲʧǡ
Ȼ·˹ףղŵݿһǸԴǵģ
·Ϊӡ֤·˹жƵģֱЪ뿪ӭݿûڡ
ݿӦòвǣĻὫͽͬʱϳҡ
뿪֮·˹Щǵضݿ˵ҪҪϵһط磿ûа취ı״
壬ΪЭɱط磬Ҫʲô
ݿԣüͷûлش·˹ǿڷʡ

·˹ʱЩ£ѹû⡣
νЭط硪׼ȷ˵ط硣ʱϵط磬ͨƱػᱻڱذǡ
ݿԴһ䣬Ȼֵ⣬еϢȻطûӦ˺صˣĳصĵطˡ弱ڻɱط磬ǵطƻָ֮󣬶Կչ
ԣ岻ϧϳӢҡ㣬ط磿·˹Ȼ˲ЪΪûݿܾ֮
Կԣݿܹϣط磬ȻãҲʡµİ취
ȻݿûѡϣǱݿط
ν;ͬ顣
š
ݿͷȻ֪ͨ³壬Ҫ뿪
㡭
·˹ԣһݿǲӰط磬ֽߵĻ˻ȥ
ǡӣΪߵ̫ˣ
󣬲ݿ˵ʲôӭſٴ
³ӭſڡ
һĻмˡ
һݿе³ϣڻ״̬һţǸоһֻСС
ৣ
ৣ
һĻ·˹ݿɫһ䡣
Ŭʦ鷳˳ִǸӡ
ŤͷΪ׵ĺ˾ϹԷ֣̬ȼ乧
Ϊ֪Ŭһǿߣɫĵӣ
ߣ
ΪаŬĺ˴һӣһһͬһɫӰ˲ݿǰֽݿΣȻһݿ
Ҫɱ𣿡
ݿ˴Ŭߺ󣬰Ŭָ·˹ʵ
ŬʦɣԽӰ콵͡
Ъҡҡͷ
ô˵ҶӢеľѾ׼ԷϳҡݿҪڲȥĵɱ·˹ĻƱػĻɡ
á
Ŭͷûκ顣
Ϊӵ۵ָʾȫЪ
·˹ӦҿԻ
ǽĿͶ·˹Ȼ˽ܷȫػţҪı֡ǵĿǻɱطǸ飬ӺӢֻһնһˣӦ֪ʲô
ˣ
ûлش·˹ֻŶŭ˿ĭ
Ǹ˿̷Ļпܻ
й¶飬ӢҵĳԱ֮ǡ
ۿ·˹ĬٷϻֱŬ뿪Ӱ·˹ڵҳԱ

ӢҹݿΪ뻪طĸ˹ϵĶӢҺزŵ壬Ķо޶ͶʣӢƸʧѱزŴߵ飬пܱ
ڶһ磬Ӣý弸ͬһʱ䱨ݿߵϢ
Ϣ˲䶯Ӣȫ
Ͼոȥݿһλ̳ˣҪιλõģȴߵ飬һҪܲ𾪣
Ϊ֯Сڵһʱ֪ݿߵϢʵĻ˴ߣزţ
Ȼ
ڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬲ûط磬ǸվǶϵլԺ͸ϥˡط硣
ط磬֪֪ݿϢھͻ뾡취ȥ˿ļơԣƻָͻƾǿ߾֮ǰҲὫϢ㡣
ţţݿüĿ֮ӿ𣬸ǾȻԭҵ˽ֻţ




1918 ڴµĴ˵
ݿߵϢ˲ȫ򣬼ռȫýͷͷעһٳ丸ȥ
Ϊ˶֪򲻵ݿܷ˳̳λӢܷȥ
ʮӢ߷Ժͥݿİӣ
ݿߵĵ죬Ӣ߷ԺԼĹϷһϢ
Ϣһݿӵȶȸһ¥Ϊ˸Ķ
ͨͬһЩ˺ʹᵽıζ
Ȼ¾˱С
ۼŲӢͶʶĿߡ
ݿߵ飬ĿͻȻͣǳ
Сܾݿߵ⡣
ۼܲȻվھ޴شǰŽ´ϢĽֵ͸߰һ¥ȺͷҲδص˵
ţҲ⡣
¾ڰ칫ҵɳϣڻӦȻ
ұϵط磬һô£ϵϡȻͷɥ˵
ط׶رɱںڰ˾޴𶯣δ磬Ȼ¾˻֪
ҪҪϵʣ¾
ҲϲǸŮˡȻҡͷƲ졣
Ű֮ǰµǰ߾ǳǵĽ̸ڵжԹϵȻ˻ձ߽ٳֹ
ΪһУѾͶط£طΣȻɲϲ¡
Ǿð͸ѩ㣬ѩϢ㣬Ӧ֪Ļ¾˶Σָһ顣
鵹ǲ
Ȼԣǰһ
˵¼ΪִĻǶѩֻ塣
壬Ϊѩĸ̽ȡõķǷɾͣΪѩķ֮ˡѩλϣڶԴطϣ޷ѩ
ҪؽȺͷǷǻۣ
£Ȼһʱóֻ͵ĵ绰
ӺȻ͵ͨȴϢǲͨѩĵ绰
ྩĳCBDһİ칫
ѩͬվشǰͨ͵ĵ绰
ɩӣӢ飬˵˰ɣɶҪ̳λôôߵˣ
绰ͨͿżɽⷬ˵⣬ʵһС˼
֪طݿĹϵʶƺѩΪɩӣݿֱӢ棬ֶᡣ
˶ΪܹңΪһӣʵԽٷ֮ʮϵ˦
йء
ѩɫصػӦ
˭㡭˵ӣ
һʶʲôֲҿ϶ôͷйأ
ˡ
ѩǼ򵥽ط͡
ΪҹطδޣѩϢԶ͡Ȼ˿ɱȣսĴɱطѹ£֪ˣһ֪ϸĹ̡
ģЩ飬̫ɺˣ
֪ط飬ڵ绰ͷƿڴ
һΣѩüԶûлӦ
ɩӣ˼ǣӢǸݿնӣȻŷ֮ʣԷӳ֣
й󣬺ָܿ侲һҵ˹ؼ㡣
š
ѩȷϡ
ǡ취ϵֹӰǸƨڿ÷̫Σˡһ˵
Ȼ
һΣͽĻ˵꣬㱻ѩϡ
ϵҲֹ
ѩɫƽӦȻҶ˵绰
ཡཡ
ϻصѩ˵ĻͲдäһ㶣ԥһ£ûٸѩȥ
ѩǾվشǰһͬʯһ㡣
֪˶ãϦ£Ⱦߵʡ
Ż
ѩջĿ⣬΢΢ۣڡ

ͬʱ
ٴֻıչصɽǰ
ʦ
ռֻ֮󣬵һʱ
û˵ʱ򣬶ƺֻΪʦڳǳƺΡ
µı仯
üͷӣֱֻʵ
ǵģʦ
ǵͷȷһ㣬Ȼϸ˵ϢӢͻȻᡣԭݿҪ̳λ챻ӢزŴߡ飬ԵӢڶͶʵ顣
ҵ飬Ǽȷʵݿ飬ӢҷģĿڱط統ľ֮
յĻ㱨ֻüͷ΢΢һ˲еè壬δ
ʦ飬ǿݿնպͱططĴΣաҪҪǰŷЭط磿ʾ
á
ֻҡͷ
Ϊʲô
ѿڶطʣطǷͻƾǿ߾ȷĻȻΣա
ΪΣԴֻķʡ
壬׼ȷ˵ǿۡշɿ˵
ۻʲô²Żطֻ֣ʡ
طԤݿȥ˵Ļ۲Żɳ֡˵Լļ⡣
Ȼ㿴һ㣬ܰط𣿡
ֻٴηʣһΣտڻش𣬱ܡطִҪˣƻӢķϸ˵޷
ɡǣʦطӣ֪飬Ʊػȥ˵ģΣգпɥ
ЩͬʱҲЩ⣬ֻĿһ㡣
ÿ˶ҪΪԼѡӦĴۡ
ֻ̧ͷĻƣ˵ѡ޷ֹҲܸţŴ

һ¡
ֻ֪ĶطģҲãֻĴ˴ζطЩäĿˡ
иԴ֮лֻ֮Ķط˺ܶ࣬ҼٵطİΣˡ
˼⣡
ֻĿյɻ󣬵δ˵ʲô
Ϧ£üĿ֮û˿ĵǣеֻڴ
ڴطµĴ˵




1919 
ϵ۵巢ģӢҵıһͻطйأ
ӢݿȻط𣿡
ôˣطǷΪ˾ݿ

ݿߵȫĵ죬̳Ҳ顣
ԭ̳ǺڰԱһۼأǶݿ¼ûʲôȤܶ˶һʱ佫ط类ɱϵһһ±µеè塣
ͬʱҲ棬ط᲻
⣬ҲΪ˽¼̳𱬵һ⡣
УطЩ֧ǣᶨΪطһһ뾡һа취Ӫݿÿ帶ۣ
ȻЩֻ
˶Ϊط粻
Ϊ嶯õӢݿ֣һкϷϹ档
һ£طӪݿĻڼ̤Ӣķɹ涨Ӣ¿۽طɱѧҲ޻˵
ʱţݿ¼ȶڲϽ̳ͣȴӼҡ
ͬʱȫµĹע˿ûн͡
Ϊط磬վȫ˿ڵǣӰ쵽δǳս̫ˣ
طӦˣ·ӢݿΣܵڶ֣
ڰʱǰ̳һЩʼ
Ϊںܶ˿طţ²ط·ҲԻպԿ巢棡
ϾĬطķųطԸ
෴ط类ϳģ裬ǿʱڰ̳Ǿԡ
ǻط磬죬ӽɱߣɱ֮ߣһ壡
ط
սձ̵ӡŷںͿ岻š
ɳǿľǿ߰ˣȫطУطôܻ
ţ
ϾʹﶼһսУǱ˲ɱ

ݿߵĵڰ졣
׶أׯ԰ϵһϥڽڤ
Դط类ɱ鷢֮۱ׯ԰
Ϧ£ΪܳӵİŬ˷ǰ
ڱչǰŬһط㱨
ʱѾȥ˰죬طûŬסˣصʾۣҪҪµĲԱƳط硣
ʦ
ݵĴǹŵģŬûǰţվڷǰϹʺá
۵أҲǾη
ͬʱҲ֪Դӽɱطļƻʧ֮۵һֱ⣬˴αطɱطļƻҲ۱⡣
֨
ӦҲ۵ǸС𣿡
䣬Ӱ֡
ƾһ˰Ŭǰ
ʦطʼû
ŬžϹƣػش
Ŷ
ԣüͷ
գսձ̵̺ӡŷڿпƻʱһΪطΪݿ鶼ȥˣطûеЩ⡣
֮࣬ҲеЩ֡
죬Ժݿͥطڴ֮ǰĻǵļƻʧˡ
ȥ֪ͨЪ취ȰǸݿݿǣطǸСӡ
۳Ƭָ̣ʾ
ǣʦ
ŬȻûָʾѸˡ
һСʱ
Ъؾ»ء
ԭʮǰϲҪڴ˵ٿһؼ飬Ϊط硢ɱط֪䲻ȡ
ڻȡĵ죬ΪϲΨһһ벽ǿߵĻٶǰׯ԰ҪͣڻصصŻ
ʱҵĻ̺Ϳˡ
գȥδ۶֡
Ϊ׶һ»أؾ»ҪǱ׶صİȫظʩװȫаһ¿Ƽļ
üλھ»صĺ󷽣һɽмɽͿսɡ
ĳȽĿѧָԱ޷롣
֮⣬ηɺϽ죬һ˽ηĻηԶرϵͳʷ״ǰ벽ǿ߶޷ǿƿηĺϽǽڡţߡ
ݿ㱻Ѻ
⡣
ļƻطܹηݿηԶϵͳὫطС
ʱط罫Ϊϵ⣬׸۲Գ֣ҲͨηͷŶͶըȶַʽطݿɱ
ִ»֮һٵͬ£˳Ȼ˹Ѻݿη
ηݿû˹Ӧеʥࡢ߹š
ͷΪʮûϴմ˻ҳЩˣȥһϡԭļЩ۹ɫƶ㲡
ıȴ쳣ƽƺһҲûΪͿֻš
֮û˿
ӣźطûͷ仰˵һҲں
վηһ㲶ƽݿһЦȴΪλҪӢҴӴ˳ΪʷǲǺܿɱ
ɱô
ݿͬЦˣһֿ׳յĿ⿴⼸ĵһϢ
ৣ
ȻݿĻɫһ䡣
ɵؿݿǸо·ʣط絽кԭ߹ŵĹأ




1920 
ûд𰸡
޷طϵʲôݿԸλɣҲԸǻɱط硣
ӣȷҪΪǸĺһô
ԲȥǸû⣬ٴοݿõͳ࣬вζ
һΣݿѡ˳Ĭ·Ļ˿
Ҫ֪ҪʧȥλңӢҲڣܶӢҵĳԱΪ޴ľɥ
ģٴμвȡ
ΪвңԻȥˡ
ݿˣʮƽƽˮͬûĺ档
ӣϣȻôƽ
׹ʢûжݿʲôֻһݻֱת뿪η
ϻصвĻȥıӰݿ΢΢üͷ
Ǻֱưոݣвõ鷢
·Ϊӡ֤ݿжƵģڶһ磬ȥ
һΣһˡ
սʿսʿѺһŮӡ

ηݿŮӣɫһ䣬˲
Ů
ͬ䣬Сһ𳤴á
¡
ɷףϳſֻţݿ֮󣬵²ڣ˶ˡ
һ棬սʿߣѺ͵вõ鷢
һ棬߹ʥࡢŵݿ˿̳˽⣬ȥΪ㲣ۡ
ӣ˵ȻŮδŮǵáǵĸܺãô
߽ηƤЦⲻЦؿݿ
㡭Ҫʲô
˻ƵɭЦݣݿ͵һѿڶ
ط硣
ᡣ
ܣ
ݿ̬ȼغ֡
ǺǡǺǺǡǺǺǺǡ
ЦˣЦúɭЦݿëȻĸоȻ㲻Ը⣬Ҿ˵ɱ
£ָ

ŵ˫۽գʧУ˽̱սʿţ޷ء
ס쵰
ݿʧȥ侲ŭ
ӣٸһλᡣ
˿ݿŭֻЦؿݿ
ԡԲ𡭡
ݿûлӦǺ˫ۣһھεؿڷ
£ҪĺãǵáңⱲܹΪŮΪѡá
ݿĵǸ˫ۣᣬӦ
ǺǣǸء
ЦŴĻȻŤͷսʿɱ
ǣ
սʿһʱ
ڼ֮ǰӵٵҪ
£սʿɿ
ͨ
Ӧأ̱ڵϣɪɪǿ־嵽µı֡
־еؿһսʿγǹ
ҪҪɱҡ
ϾֻһͨŮʶؿġ
ģǿ־ģݿ絶
ˮģߣӿۿӻ䣬ûЭر˫ۣƺ뿴ɱĻ档
ӣ֮ǰֻҪ㷴ڣԻš
ܹܵݿıˣͬʱͨ뺡
ûлӦݿ˫۽գ棬ӲܿƵض¡
һ

ৣ
ʱݿͻȻ˫ۣһͷһ˫ͨض˻ħһᱻͷģ
֣
üͷһһ
飡
ǹ
౻ӵ򴩣Ѫӿ
˵Ѫ֮У鴤˼£һˡ

ݿʹش
ӣ˵޴úܶţǵһԲһ
Цݿʹӣٴη档
֪ط𣿡
ݿûлӦǷһ䣬ͬʱƽ
ǵġ
ͻȻ֮ƽ·ղʲôҲû

ʶʵ
Ҳ֪
ݿƽؿᶨҿԿ϶һ֣جΡһħ
ļҲΪ£ϳ
⣡
ݿĻ£ͷûһ𣬶еһɾҵĲ
Ϊ뵽طĸִ˵Ҳ뵽طȫǾԡ
һߣԶ
ߣƱ㣡

׶ؽǶϵլԺӡ
ৣ
ৣ
Ժȣǽ֯ĵƤɫͬʱˡ
ΪظӦطϢͬɽһ㣬Ȼǡ
ৣ
ط͵˫ۣоâ˸
һ̣Ѫڣͬһȼյգưֲ
ݿĵھ죬ͥǰһ졣
طأͻƾǿ߾




1921 Դͷ

ط˫ۣϥĶһȭХƿֲ
һȭֻһڱչǰѧʽ
ǿ߾ļһԭ
طȭδͻƾǿ߾е̫˷ܣһˮɡ
ʵҲȷˡ
죬ط˽ɱƶսӦвԣĶøһ̤˾ǿ
ڹȥЩطչˣƣһͻ˾ǿ߾
طƤϢӽ߳
Ƥʦȡ
طƤʺá
ط磬ͻƾǿ߾𣿡
ڴʡ
ƤҲһڴؿط磬ڴطĴ𸴣Ҳ֪طͻƾǿ߾֮ʵΣǷԼ֮ǰжϵԿ벽ǿߡ
š
طͷȻٴƤȵлллǾңѾˡ֮ǰ˵֯պҪҰæĵط岻ݴǣ
Сӣôˣͻƾǿ߾оʵôܷ񡭡
Ƥǰڰ֣Ȼ۷Źؿط磬طдһ
Ȼ
ƤĻ˵꣬㱻ȴˡ
̫үү
ȴƤĻؿƤһۡ
Ƥԣ˲뵽Ӣҵ飬ԼͿȻġ
õģƤʦ
طӦƤƤȵıЩ֣ȻĿͶȣȴΪԼ
ط磬չڼ䣬һ顣
طעӣһǸؿط磬Ҫ
ʲô飿
طԣӿֳһɲֱӴȵĻֱʵ
ӢҶˡ
Լ࣬˵ص㡣
ৣ
ٴȵĻطɫһ䣬æʵݿʲô
ݿʱѺؾ»صηûΣա
һܴŮˣ֪ط֪ʲô죬Ӣ߷Ժͥ󡣡

ݿû£ط簵˿ҵҲ֮Ȼȣ鷳㽫̸ҡ
õģġ
̽ԭԭظط磬ȻǸط磬ԭӦõһʱ佫ϢġΪǵʱ͸㣬Ҳ޷ȳݿ˿ĹƣҲžĵغٸ㡣
лл
طٴȵл
֪ΪԼá
˵·ʱط磬ȷʵѾȳݿпܻ
һ򲽽ڵ֪ûȡжǾͻƾǿ߾ȥˣѹ֮£Ҳ˳ͻƾǿ߾
ˣͻ˾ǿ߾Ҫݿ׶ˡ
ط磬㼸䡣
嶯ݿΪɣҪݿѶϳӢңĿֻһ
һȥӪݿƻӢصķɹ涨Ӣľ졢˺߶Զ֡
Ȼնֵֻһˡۡ
Ҹղ˵Σۡɱ㣬ѧҲ޷˵ʲô
֪ط̾ͻȥӪݿ㿪ѵ
֪
طͷݿӢҳ̱֮ʶһԼ塣
Բµ֮ҪҪΪԼ׳ɳ֮ԽɱΪɶԿ֡
⣬ڹȥռ˹ؾ»صϣ֪ûصηȽĿѧɣηǽڡžΪϽ죬ӵԶرϵͳ
һ˴ηԶرϵͳ޷ƿη뿪ԣҪݿĻҪƶϸĲԣǧӲؾ»صη
ȿڲΪ˰ط磬νɷѿġ
лл㣬ȣҲȥؾ»ء
طǵлȻҡҡͷ

ԣһ£ʶʵôȳݿѵȵݿͥʱӲͥǿоȳݿ
ҪԴͷ
طٶҡͷ𰸡
㡭ҪֱӶԿ嶯֣
˲ʲô𾪵ؿط硣
û
𾪣
Ϊ֯СŷǷǻۡ
Ȼ֪ܶԴͷõġ
ҲطôĿԣΪֿܲڡ
ΪطԴͷĻҪɱۡ
үүƤ˵طͻƾǿ߾ҲܺͰ벽ǿ߿⣬Ӱ벽ǿ߶ѡ
İͿͬսձ̵ӡŷľǿ߰ɱҡɱʧ֮󣬿Ϊ˱ֽצݿ𣡡
ط΢΢ۣڣӡ֤ݿжϡ
ˣҪء
ʱƤȥͻȻ֣ѵȻѧ츳޹Ž񣬵ֻǾǿ߾ۡϾǰ벽񾳡ʷϣδйǿ߾߻ɱ벽ǿߵ
ʷ߸ģ޿壡
ط˵ţһֱ뿪˹լ




1922 ɱ
ҹĻ٣岻ٷݶŵƹ⣬ׯ԰ȴһƬžԵøѹ֡
ʵϣԴӰͿ˽ɱطʧܣۡᵽׯ԰֮Щ죬һֱˡ
ΪĳԱڸۡ侴η
ԴӰͿȥ֮ׯ԰ֻаŬһ˸ȥۡ
Ŭٴ۱չصݡ
ɡ
һΣȰŬŽյĴʺãڱ㴫۵
ǣʦ
ŬӦȻŶ룬ȻϥݵԺӲƺϣԼʦղڤ
ðŬͷûһ
ɻ䱻ţǿ߸ˡ
ǸʦҴˡ
ŬϹǸΪ
طǸ𣿡
۳ʵ
ʦǸ黹ûг֡
Ŭ̧ͷηؿۣػشΪ˻㱨¡
۳ĬֻǿŰŬ
ʦΪ˱ݿǸطǸ飬ЪȺݿɱӢҵĳԱݿ˿ҡɲԸѳطǸ顣
Ŭ㱨жϣݿǣˣͥˣ취Ҳˡ
ʲô˼
۴ϰŬĻʵ
˼ǣطֵĻôȻ졪ԻطǸԣؾ»ؾȳݿԶݿǰԺ;кͷͥϳѵöࡣ
ŬԭⲻתĻͬʱаϺꡣ
ûʸΪɣûׯ԰ۣʵ±۹ڶܵΪ
ŬҲ۵ŭ𣬵ûа취Ҫۻ㱨
ԣüͷ֪Ƕ԰Ŭ˰²˼ô졣
ʦǱطǸӪݿֱӽɱ
ۿ۳ĬŬٴοڡ
á
³һ֣Ľ顣
ΪΪԼ֮ǰ̺Ϳڻֵ߼ȷģطӪݿֻǲȥؾ»ء
ô
ͬʱ
طһҹĻ£ſׯ԰
ΪӢϡءǿļ壬ׯ԰ռܴ󡪡ȼʮ򳡣һС͵ĹųǱɢӵй㳡ũһƬ֣лк
ׯ԰һׯ԰󡢸ϣܶණһġ
磬ׯ԰ſڻˣ䵱
ǿֱϵԱѧ츳Уڼ֮еλ
Ȼڿڲ
뿪ȥ磬ǱǴүЪǣҲǱֵúء
ҵĹȵײ˸߹󣬹ˡ
˵ط𣿡
ⶼȥˣûӦòˡ
ֻҪûװ㣬϶µҪ֣ĸҳ֣
û̫ˡ»طɱǿ֣߰һֱֻܽĳ

ׯ԰ſڣһģ֮Ŷ۵ľηԼطĲм
סˣ
ͻȻһ꿴˳ׯ԰ſط磬ɸеһ졣
ΪӢϡءǿļ壬壬֪Ĳ࣬ʸݷõ˸޼
һ£ܲеȣ
ৣৣৣ
Ļ£Ҳ׷׽ĿͶׯ԰ſڡ
áǻط磡
ţһ꿪ڣ֮ʵǿãҹɫڣҲԼطĳࡣ
ôǻط磿㿴˰ɣ
ǰطӪݿңô
ѵ׳һ
׷ҡͷȫš
ţ
ҹĻ£ط¶Ȼһһͬһ磬ֱׯ԰ſԵķݡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ǰͣ½Ų

Žߵط磬ϳط꣬꣬ײһ㡣
ҹĻ£ǵɴ۾Ŵͣŵؿط磬Ǹо·ʣطô
飡飡飡飡
Ӧǵ졣
عطĳĴΣٶȼ죬˲Ϣ֮ɡ
һ̣ԴͬʱѣѪɽͬѪ䣬Ⱦڵҹ
ͨͨͨͨ
ܿģľͷʬ嵹أһ죬̵ѪȾͨ졣
ͬʱطǰ
ҹĻ£ûԼϢͳɱ⡣
Ϊ

Ҫشɱ䡣
Ҫɱ峹״
Ҫɱеж




1923 壡
ţ
ׯ԰Ǳ󷽵ĹǰۡͻȻüͷһ
Ϊ벽ǿߵԼӦɽׯſڳһǿߵϢϢʮϤطϢ
ʦôˣ
Ŭ۵쳣Щɻؿʵ
ɽׯſڳһǿߵϢ뻪طϢ񡣡
ʵ˵ţȴԼǲǸӦˡ
ʲʲô
ŬԣһȻõ˵ʦ᲻Ӧˣطֱ
š
۵ͷϿ˰ŬĻ
طͻư벽ġ塣
طֻǾǿߣ
ֿԼڡ
ȥô¡
ָʾ˶ǻѧˡ
ǣʦ
ŬϹȻһׯ԰ĹųǱǰĹ㳡ȥ
Ǹ㳡Ѿãשɣ㳡ϴһ
ǿ棬ҲǸʷϵһλ벽ǿߣд˾ÿ˻Իͣһֱеڡ
㳡ʵҲһ䳡Աʹá
ĵԼǷܷͼǿ
˿̣гԱȫڹ㳡ڤ
ԭտ棬Ϊǿ֮󣬱㲻ÿհʱ䣬֧Լʱѡĵص㣬ۻ֮󣬸Ķǿߡ۷ǿߺ;ǿߣÿ׼ʱڹ㳡䡣
񣬿ֻһǿߣ۷ǿߺǿˡ
֮⣬ǰūλ۵״ӡ
˿ĸ߶ս
ৣ
͵Ŭ㳡ͬʱ㳡ϣǿ߼ϵĳԱ˫ۡ
ǼͬʱӦطϢ
ôôׯ԰
ǰ˵ϢǾǿߡ
ѵǰݷ𣿡
ǿЩɻؿڡ
ΪĿǰĸ߶սǼĺģȻ֪Ļܣսձ̵ӡŷֽɱط顣
ѣΪʲôҹôׯ԰
ͬʱΪ׵ߣ˵Ȼڣ쳹ׯ԰Ͽա
ǰأǰͿø磬ĿǰǿľǿߣǾǿеİʵڰŬ֮¡
ৡ
Űһڣ㳡ЩĳԱ׷˫ۣڤǺؿǰ
ǰһƬڣûκλӦ˶ܸӦһǿֲϢ

ǵϢٽ԰Ϊ׵߶սȿطӰʱǼһ㣬õԲ۾
ţĳԱҲȺطӰ
һʱ䣬ټĹ㳡װĳԱһܣһؿط磬ϳŲ˼飡
ǻԼ˻þ
в֮ط磬ôׯ԰
ô
һ̡
طһͬһ㣬˹㳡ϣ׳˵С

ɲǼ䣬㳡һ궯
ȻڣпĳԱطǿУǰȷط磡
ط磬ʲô
֮࣬͵վһͼַͨʽۣͬʱҲʱ䡣
ǻط磿
ŰصڹݵۣѾųǱԵİŬһ
һֱ˹㳡Ŭͣ˽ŲһȻؿ㳡Ŀطϡ
һֻ̣֪Ǿǿߵط磬ôׯ԰
壡
һ̣طڣͬһׯ԰Ͽը졣
⣡
ৣ
طɱĻ԰ΪЩԱŵͷһɫ䡣
ط磬Ҽׯ԰
ͬʱٴοڡ
֪ڼٸֻҪһʱ䣬ɱ֤Լ˵İȫ
ô
ৣ
طʵжӦ
ҹĻ£һͬسɴһ㣬˲صǰұ˳һء
һƣطûжκѧʽֻһͷ·ĲӬƵġ
Ȼ
ˣҲûκηӦֱӱطһԴ
飡
ۡ
촫صԴֱըͬһʢѪ
Ϊǿߵİأطһ

һĻԶİŬͫ˲
֪طһɱǿߣڴ֮ǰδط֡
ղţΪǿ߰طֵḶ́
ζʲô
طսȫԽҲԽ˾ǿ߾ļޣ
⡭˾ξˣ

ڰūͬʱ㳡ЩԱξѣ׷׾ֵش
飡
飡
飡
һ󾪿ֵļУٴδ
طڻɱ֮󣬲ͣѸײڶ֮Ƴ֣˲佫Ķǿɱ
ϡ棬Ϯ
棬
ۿطͬնһĸ߶սĳԱױˣһ߾ֵسӴܣһ߿ֻȡ
ϣ
һŭ
ۡ˹㳡ϣɢſµƣֱӳطɱ
Ҫ㣡
طȻͣ½ŲȻۡ




1924 ֮ս
~
۵ŭ𣬸ܵǿֲϢЩĶӵĿԱǼ˾׷װ˿ͣ½Ų׼ط类ɱĻ档
һߣŬһٳŹ㳡
֮ǰΪ֪ط磬ӱطĿֲսˣ˿۳֣ټɵط硣
֮⣬ҲַʽΣⱻº

ʱһͺͬһɫâ˲طǰ
ž
䣬
ҹĻ£һ̤ڵϣڿ漸ƽߣұֱ罣Ѹ͵شط硣
˽һ
һֱӽ˽˽һ״̬һʵıޱȣ޼᲻ݡ
֮⣬һ˿崫еĽھͬʱӿֱ۴ƣưɢſµ
ʨӲãȫ
ͨϢжϳطֻǾǿߣȻȫһ
ⲢС΢Ϊ̫طˣ
ΪӢϡǿļ壬һֱŷȫʢļ֮һط˴ͷ
ǰȸɽׯطɱȻǼǿٸԱطɱͿλ峤ҲطС
ڸղţط绹ĲӬһ㣬һλǿ߰ؼǿˣ
۳ûκι˼ɡطׯ԰ɱˣطɱѧ޻˵
ͬʱҲеĺɱﵽ˼£ɱط磬·ڸط磬طӵĺǶҪɱ
䣡
ֽ̳ǰ˲ըһˡ
ҹĻ£罣ֲնط磬ƿֲ
˿ֲһط粻㲻³˫ضڵϣұֱһȭ
ǿ߾֮ĵһսѡӲۣ
ɲǼ䣬طڵѪڣھͬڵĽӣӿȭһھУת
ǹʽ
죡
һȭط綯Լд书ͬʱ߶غѪطеĵơ
һȭطĶݣǿߵص֡
գֻһֻǿ߾ط磬Ϊ벽ǿٮٮߵļǿɱСƴղУˡ
գط糹ǿ߾ӲֵΣ
䡪
ʯ֮䣬طһȭ۵ֽͬŷеڵײһ𣬷һ졣
طȭھУͳͳըھһ̵ͬĺˮһкֽ̺ھײһγ˳һɿµķ籩
ط۽ֵĵطΪģɢ֮׷ը




ҽ𣬼ϽĿԱ˲䱻Ʒڵأ˲ˡ
ԶˣŬʣ۷ǿڣɫ䣬𺳲ѣ
ΪǶû뵽ط羹ȻӲӲôơ
ƣѾȫԽڼսڰ벽ǿ֮սŻֵġ
֮࣬Ŀضŷ籩ģоΪطѾˡ
ǵġ
֪ط˸ִ˵ƾһ֮ɱǿ߰Ǽţط޷ֵȫһ
ΪԹЩھһʱѧҲ޷ھǿ߾벽ǿ棡
ž
ž
ž

ڰŬ˵ע£籩ɢط۵Ӱͬʱúˡ
˽µĵש׷ըשƬɨķͬӵɨ䡣
һ
գ㵹岽סΡ
һߣطͬҲֻ岽һûаƣƶûм֡
ƽɫ
ղһط൱δֳʤǿ

ЩĳԱɵˡ
ǶԣǼ棬Ҳ޵еղţǶ۵˾Ϊ۳֣һƽطĳ
ط𣿣
ǣŬ۷ǿߣҲһĿɿڴ
ѧԽ棬羳սԽѡǿ߿羳ս벽ǿߣδУ
һ̣ǵɴ۾˼ؿط磬Ǹо·ʣôܣ
ô
ΪˣеľԶˡ
Ϊ峤ȫΪİ벽ǿ֮һǿ֮һѽ书˵Ƿ켫ĵز
ͻư벽񾳶꣬²ǰ벽ǿеİҲǸոͻư벽ǿߵ߿ɱȡ
ңղźŭֱ֣Ӷ˿洫ɱУҪ˵Ǿǿߣһİ벽ǿ뵲£һ׵顣
طȴɱУ
ֱ߸ѧ֪
һ̣е㻳Լǲǳ˻þ
þô

Ӧ۵һƿ
ҹĻ£طһͬһ磬ֱӳɱ
һطѡ
֮ս
ҹ
Ҫ۴ûȫߵ




1925 ȾѪ
𣿡
طӰЩĳԱǰŬٴ˾ξˡ
ȻΪʵС޷طƶḶܹ́طϢƶӶжϳط۳֡
ԭطܹסһѾǾޱˣ˿̣ط羹Ȼ۹ǵ𺳿֪

طղѡӲӲĿڼԼͻƾǿ߾֮ս
ͨղһԼ۵սһ֪
ȻֻǸոͻƾǿ߾ھȡǿȺѧʽãѳԽ˾ǿ߾ļޡ
֮⣬غѪطǰ߿ѧʽ߿ԽѪھںϣǿ
һ£Ǿǿ߾ƾսѾԺ벽񾳶ۿˡ
սǰ£ƾԼḻɱͿֲսܣȫڲ֮ء
սδܹ
ĵڣ

ͬʱξѣֻԼΪ벽ǿߵĽϱݺݼ̤ˣʱŭһ
ŭȳ˫ֺʮŷʱսϵؽʿΪӭط磬϶£Ѹ͵¡
һͬҲǿ崫нɱ֮һ͢ĴѧʥʮնԼĽ֮еġɽмƣʤ
ѹˣһ򷨣
һǽеľ衣
Ϊ벽ǿߣѽ崫н˳뻯ĵز˿̳֣һԶžһƿֲ

һնݺᣬʵʣط硣
ৣ
۵նɱط粻ղѡӲƴĶڿ;Ȼһ٣Ȼ١
ϯط磬˲䱻ط鲼ȫھɢ·죬ë˫۴ʹ

ţ۵ֽͶ˫ھһӰ϶ն¡
һֽףնУҪ˵һˣһʯҲᱻɷ顣
Ϊطǰܣһֽطն䡣

طڳɹܿһնͬʱұ۶Ȼһӣʳָָۣʳָ罣Ѹ͵ش۵üġ
д
һ̣طʹ˹õսҶˡָɱУ
Ȼ
۷·׼Ƶģֽն䵽֮һʱ򣬶ȻС
ɲǼ䣬Ϊն˫һѾ޽طĲն
һ̣Թأͼطʽѡܡ
ò˵ΪȫΪİ벽ǿ֮һ۳ӵпֲսɱҲḻڵʯ֮ѡ
ͬʱҲĺܾˡ
Ȼ
һ㣬ǳҪһ㡣
ۺޣطԵ۵ڣ
طӲη¸ƴ
ڹȥɱ֮УطӲͬھ
һΣȻ
ǧһ֮ʣطȻ
һ̣Ү޵ؼһһĶãԴָ˲γھУԡǹķС
֮ǰӲƴɱеĽطĵסһǺնֻ۶ѣͬ
üΪĲλ֮һ
лھҲ޷סطһָ
⣡
ڻѧѧٸһսмʶطָҲ˵书Ŀ£˿ۿطûУҪԼƴ˲е˾޴ΣͷǾһ

Σʱ̣ٶȱС
ҹĻ£ȻԭĺնͻȻ
һǱУ˽֮еġá־νһʯ񣬼ȿԼܿطĹֿвط硣
ĳ˵۵ٴαп
Ĺ޷طвҲԹأױܿطĴָ
Сطսܡ
ߵսܣͬ˶Ա֮еǰűһһ츳
һֱطսܶѹͬͬߣ䵱ͻƾǿ߾ʱĶ֮սӵĿ¡
۱еͬʱطҲˣ
ҹĻ£Ȼջ֣Ȼͬʱӳʰ״ͬһḥ̂۵˫֡
һ̣˾洫ѧȭеռɱСɱ
飡
ɲǼ䣬ط˫ֳɹؽס۵˫۵ֽȻֹ
ط粻ͣ˫ͬĥƵģȻתھͬʱͼ۵ʶϡ
طĶ״̬£ʺϵʽ۱ϾѾ̤벽񾳶꣬ɱḻ
̵ʱڣھ˫ۣסط綸Ȼ֮䱬Ŀȷ˫ûбʶϡ
Ϊעȫ˫֮ϣ˫֮ϵھ㣬طɱͬʱĲȣطǰ㡣
ʱ
طס˫ۣȻӺԴȻǰһײײ۵š
ͷ
ط䣬ڴ˿̶˻ѧ粻ͷ
һȫ۵Ԥϡ
׼ȷ˵ѹû뵽ϾȻԴ书
һ£ȫһֲѾʧȥģѳʧȥܵĻᡣ
飡
ꡪ
ͬʱ
طһͷײ۵֮ϣڶͷھ˲ŷȻδ׹۵Ļھ۵ԴµȻ۵ıǡ
ۡ
Ѫɽ
ҹĻ£ǱʻĿײһ㣬˵ɶݣѪòң




1926 ս
طӲƴһɱйչڶɱ
ȺУطһͷײɡ
̼临ӣ˳ٶȼ죬ڵʯ֮䡣
Ϊǿ߰İŬڣ˶ûп̣ȾѪɵһĻ

һʱ䣬ǰŬЩĳԱ˫۵ɵùԲŵϴĲţ
ǵġ
طһʼס۵ɱУ۷𹥻Ѿ㹻ˣȻţۻڵڶֵֽĹбطˣ
Ͼ벽񾳶꣬൱һĴڣ޵е
طֻǾǿߣ
ǿ߽벽ǿ߻ˣ
һ̣ˣôᷢ˻飿
Ƕˣοۣ
ҹĻ£˵ɣϴХϴʹû⣬ֻضط磬Ǹо·ʣôܱˣ
ô
ৣ
Ӧ۵һƿ
ҹĻ£طٴûгȴۣ۷ǿߡ
ϣң
һĻξѣȻԼֹͣɣȻ˵ϡ
飡
飡
ͬʱȺ󴫳
طȺӵ۷ǿǰΪƣĲӬһ㣬ֱӽ˵Դĳϡá
У۷ǿûκεֿӦʱ䶼ûС
طʵ̫ˣ
طɱǾͬնһף
ϣ
ۿλ۷ǿҲط統Լɱŭ˫ͨ죬Ŀһ˻𣬻Ҳ֮ÿֲ
ǣ
طӦΪ˱ݿ˵ɱӢҵĳԱʹ࣡
һᵱ棬ζµ
飡
飡
飡

طڿڵͬʱβδͣ£ͬȺЩʣµĿԱϻӳơ
طÿһĳһԱӦأ
̶֮ڣĳԱͬոĵһ㣬Ѫ֮С
ټĹ㳡ϣ֮⣬ֻаŬһ˻š
ҹĻ£ŬױطΪŵˣۣͼѰ󱣻
ԭΪطɱԱΪŭ񣬵ȴûгֹǲԼƣڶĳ
飬һζ
͵Ŭӵͬʱ˫ͨضط磬ɱ졣
ǡҲ֪ʹͷŭǶݿֵʱ򣬿һ̣սձ̵ӡŷֽɱҵʱ򣬿һ죿
µĺݻطޱػػ
飬Ҫһ࣬Ȼһᰤɱѣ
ݿǸӿʼڻĵŮˣĸĸѣһһȫɱҪǸҵᣡ
ҧгݵ˻ȫŤȾѪÿ¡
һ̣һǵħȫɱռݣɱһԵİŬеľս

䣬һŭ𣬽һ˵ֱط硣
һ̣۶˿崫еѪ·ȼƵģƴﵽ˾ۣٶҲ֮ǰ˲١

˲Ϣ֮䣬۱嵽طǰұۻӳΪһط硣
һ̳ӿ֣ͬʱʺѪҺѪҺһ𣬻һѪɫ
ৣ
һĻŬɫ䣡
ҹĻ£ϵĿ־˲ʧȡ֮Ǿ
Ϊϳ۴˿̶õ
Ѫɫ֮С
ǿΪֲĴУҲһżµĽ
˽˿ͻƴ˵е֮ԽıѪںһ𣬻Ѫӽ⣬˴ɱ
ʱ洴˽֮ƾ˽ʱһ벽ǿ߻ɱӶһٵ춨˿ŷ޴½ĵλҲ˿ĻԻ͡
ҲΪһսܵ޴Ӱ죬ʮ֮뿪˼䡣
׼ȷ˵ΪѪɫ֮СŽĺ֢ʧȥѪ֮󣬼޷أǰսоȼѪ͸֧;ͬ顣
ɲǼ䣬ǻһѱ
ǽˣ
ǹŴսɱеʿֱǰ˴̳һ
޵С
һ̳޵еĽ⣬ͬʱ˽һ״̬
ǽ⣬˲佫ط֣ħط־Ӱط
Ѫɫ֮
ŵˣǴ˽Ŀֲ֮һ

ӿâ֡
ӿգɵѪɫһѪɫâ̳һյķ϶˲طǰ
˿ֲһط粻㲻ǱӰ쵽ˣʧȥ˷ӦĻᡣ
֣۵Цݣ
ղţƱ޳ͷԣʵ򻹱һǡ
Ǹط粻ԹѧԴ
˶طӣط統˾Уϧ͸֧ýֻΪһطɱ
֮⣬ûκΰտԻɱط磡
طղŵɱˣÿ壬Ҫطɱ
ৣ
Ȼ
һ̡
۵ɫˡ
ΪظӦطϵϢˡ
һ̣طɢŻߡŵϢ
㱼䣬۾Լ·ֿˣ·˼ûκεֻŨҵ
һƬأҲһƬء
һУֻţеΣ
þ
ʶԼľ񱻸ˣѸȶ
ʱ
طӭһۣһȭ
ǹʽ





1927 ʤ´˵
ҹɫīƻ綹
ׯ԰Ĺ㳡ϣʮʬ壬ѪȾͨ죬Ѫˮһ𣬳ˮʡ
ҹĻ£Ϊǿ߰İŬվڹ㳡ϣ˫۵ɵùԲؿǰ
Ȼ
ѾĿ޷ۼٴɱӰֻܿطվԭأһȭ
һ̣طҲûκαֱӶԼƴɱС
Ϊܹܵ۵ĽѪɫ֮С£ΨС𡯿Ӳƴ

벽񾳶꣬־ǿڶݵĻ㱹˲ָȫطһȭ
ϵЦδٰ֣ٲȻѾط統һˣ
ţԼʵÿֲġѪɫ֮С벽ǿеİԿѹɱ֡
䣡
촫
طһȭ۵ֽۼȭ֮ϵھѪںϣһɿµк֮ϵѪɫҵײһ
ɲǼ䣬Ѫɫ飬Ȼ籩ûΡ
꣡
ͬʱһĶϹ
۵ָѣֱըһѪµ籩Ʈܡ
֮⣬ұȻһھֵҰĴײ˺ľ
ۡ
ţ۵ٴεɶѪ硣
ÿ崫ΪµĽѪɫ֮СطУֲ˵ʧȥھĿƣ⵽ɣ
ط磬˫Ƕڵϣ˿˺δٰ֡

òԶսİŬɵˣײһ㣬Բ۾ؿǰ
طȻѪɣγ˽Ȼķ
ŬеĽط类۶ýɱʵĽҲγ˽Ȼķ
ַ۵𺳼ֱ޷ݣ
һ̣г֣ܣ
ţҲţΪڶÿֲĽѪɫ֮Сǰ£ȻᱻΪǿߵطˣ
Ȼ
һǧһȥһУǰʵһģ
һƻõĸоͬһľԭأһ
ͬʱеľŬй֮޲
ڿеɵۣûը֣Ҳû⾭ഫľʹŵؿǰȻط磬˳ˡ
ϣû˱Ѫɫ֮СĿ£
ղһ˱ѪھںһγѪɫֲ
طһȭѪɫ飬Լˣ
һ̣ЩԼⱲӽ书ȥˣ
ôôǿ
ۻͬʱʶаԼ
ͨ
Ӧ۵һ졣
ֹͣ˷裬ݺݵ˵ϣֱӽשҵѣϳһεĿӣɼطղһȭǺεȵĿֲ
ϣֻûͷ·Ƶģ˺ʹѣͬʱ޷תھˡʧȥս
Ȼ
ûһЩûͳҩãֻضط硣
Ϊ֪ĽѪɫ֮СƵһ̿ʼһսĽѳ
طʤ۰ܡ
ǿ߻ܰ벽ǿߡ
ط˺δе´˵
ܣζ
֪ʱκͽ͵ġ
һֻֻ̣֪Ǿǿߵط磬ƵĽģ
ϡʦô
ʱŬξѣʶӵ۵ǰۡ
㡭ֻǾǿߣôǿز㡭ղõʲô书
ûлӦŬضط磬ʳеɻ
֮࣬еǸطղŶõѧʽ£Ϊµ书
ǹʽ𣡡
ǰط˵䣬һسɴһƶ
£վۺͰŬǰͬһ㣬Ӹµظˡ
̡ǹҼǵԼд书ղһǹģ
뵽ʲôһţȻ󲻵طش𣬱̷ϵܣܣֻǾǿߣᣬôдô¿µʽһвΪ֪ʹ˵ейأ
ò˵Ϊ棬۳ӵпֲֵ֮⣬Ҳȱǻۡ
ĳ˵ĻˣҲˡ
ԣΪطȷӵغſµĹºǿ̶ȣطԼûг׸㶮
Ϊ͹طѧ츳ǹӵһʽʽÿһʽܾطںСʱͿʼдˡ
Ҫô
ط˵ţֶȻ̽ʳָ罣Ѹ͵شŬ
ղţȻƴɱС𡯣õھѪֻ˰˳ɡ
ΪԷһͬʱҲΪɱŬ
ŬԭʵԶط磬ҸղűطΪŵˣ
˿̣طͻȻȫһֲ
飡
ۡ
ͬʱ
ŬδκηӦԴطһָУµھŷֱը
ط֮󣬵۵棬ĵӻɱ
ɱߣɱ֮
ߣƱ㡣
塣
˵




1928 δʧ
ͨ
һ죬Ŭͷʬ壬˵ϣһֻɺѪʡ
Լİͽطɱ۵ɫȻһ䣬üĿ֮ŷŭ
֪ԼĽطƵ֮ͰŬҪط統ŵԼ潫ŬɱȻеޱȵķŭ
ط֮ǰĻ˵֮֮
طַʽ嵱ݿɱӢҳԱΪͬʱҲںݺݼ̤۵뽾
ۡ
ŭ֮£ŭģͼھƴٴαھɣӾƣٴ³һѪɫֲ԰˼֡
Һúް
ضط磬˻Ƶ˵
һ̣Ѿطʹõʲô书ΪοƵĽѪɫ֮СûȤˣüĿ֮ź⡣
ط֮ǣͬʱҲûطСʱ򣬽طɱҡ֮Уطɳ˽죬յ¿壡
ܶǰһܺûɱңûкҩ
طޱؿֱۣӿ۵˼
ۡ
طĻٴ³һѪϢ΢
Ź㳡ĵƹ⣬ؿüĿ֮ĺȥֻʣ˻⡣
һ̣ٺûнطɱҡ֮УǺڿΪûطһʼһѡطͽ⣬ѡطΪУһԨ
СС飬ҳѧ츳Ž񣬰ڣ˶͹㡣㲻Ҫ˵̫磬սձ̵ӡŷڣǽ᲻ϧһеش۵ػɱ㣬õģ
ݵİûڹüĿ֮ĻֱȡǺ˵ţ˵󣬸ɭЦ

һƿȻ𣬴۵Ц
طͬһץס۵Ĳ
꣡
һ죬۵Դ˲ӷּң̵ѪѪ䡣
ط۵ͷһֱʧ˺ҹ֮С
˿̣׶صʮ㡣

ͬʱ
ɽ賿㡪ྩʱ׶ʱ߸Сʱ
ܶȥӭɽʱ컹û
ৣ
׻ɽׯȻ˫ۣ
һجΣεط类ɱˣԼȥμطȻ㱻ˡ
˼ҹΡ
ڹȥЩ¼û˯һþһʼշת˯ƵƵΡ
һУֻΪΪطضȥݿ
Ǹطûͻƾǿ߾ĻȥӪݿһǳյ飬ݡ
ѹº˯⣬ֱ𴲣Ȼһ·鷿
鷿ʼǱǿŵģʾǰ̳½Чѹ
ڵǰɿ˻룬½˰̳ϸȥ̳ǹطۣȻ󰤸ۿ
һ
½·ȫһ飬ûκһ͸©طϢ
ʮʧҲеĵǴﵽ˼¡
Ϊͥݿˡ
طȻڽ֮ǰûж֣֤ûаա
طֱ֣ݿʧȥݣһᱻӢҲ֮ʧʷ֮С

ʧ͵ǵͬʱǵ绰ͻȻ
ţ
ͻ鷿İҲ²һ㶡
Ǵ˼Ѫһ㣬ء֣һץǵ绰Ȼͨιι
£ң
绰ͷطý֯ṩǵ绰ϵ£֤ݡ
ءû°ɣ
ʳĵ⣬һɤۣס˺
طԴɱ֮󣬵һθ绰
Ѿ֪طûһս˿̽ӵطĵ绰ȻطİΣ
û¡طص

طĻش°˿ȻӦѾ֪ݿ˰ɣ
š
طǸ϶𸴣ȻҸ绰Ϊ¡
Ҫʲôʵ
ڵ¼̳һӣҽѪϴ˿塪ڣ£һڣ
ط˵绰Ŀģƽ˵һ΢С¡
Ȼ
طƽ¶Уȴͬը죡
ƹ£һɬ˻ش
⣬ĩβظһľ档طֲ
áõģ
ʶػӦȻعʱ򣬷ͨѾˡ
Ѫϴ塭ڵ촫˵ϣδʧ
·ǵ绰üĿ֮żڴ
֪Ϣ֮ȫ𶯣




1929 
׶ؽǶլ
Ϊ֯ƤϥԺͷ¹⣬ڤ
ǲϵⲽ
ৣ
ͻȻƤ˫ۣȵȣʼƽ
̫үү˵طĿԻɱ𣿡
ͣ½Ųʵ
ͬƤ˵Ƚһֱǡǵȸн֡
һУֻΪطǰ㣡
ȣ⣬Ѿʹˡ
Ƥ̾˿Ȼ֯󶥼ϲиŮӣǵŮӻΪжɥʧǡұΪ⣬ڿҴˡ

ԶԣѲϯߺƤǰζطİˡ
żطǰֳһ˿ߡ
棬С㡣
󣬲˵ʲôһɫӰԺſڳ֣Ƥʺá
ɡ
ȿڵ
ΪԴطȥ֮ʱռط鱨Ӷȷһʱ֪طǰׯ԰
һʼǱڿׯ԰Ƥطˡ
ƤĻ˵طʧܵĻǽ֯ɳ鱨Աпܻᱻ׽Ӷй¶֯ط顣
Խ֯һʮյ飡
ǣ
⣬ȵĻԺӣһʱƤȻſڻ㱨ЩŹ֣棬С㣬лطϢˡ
ô
ȺʧȥģȲش˺˵Ļ
Ѫϴ壬ڣ£һڣ
̻㱨֮г𾪡
ǵġ
Ѿ֪Ϣ˿̻㱨Ȼеޱȡ

𾪵ĲǺˣƤϢ֮ͳͳסˡ
ΪǵĽǶȣǶΪطԻɱۡݹ۹Ž񣬴δйǿ߿羳ɱ벽ǿߵȺӣ
˿̣ȴǣطѪϴ˿塭
ܲ𾪣
үү˵ûʱǣΨһǡ
𾪹̲סЦͬһʢʻòɷ
Ժ˻㱨Ϣûκλɣеֻ˷ܣ
һ˿˿
ϢǴõģ׼ȷΣ
ȲͬƤڶݵ𾪺󣬺ָܿ侲
棬Ϣǰ̳ġ˷ɿش
̳
ƤüͷһȥϢ׼ȷԲɡ
ǵģ档ϢĺţδطϢҶһϢΪˣ̳Ϻܶ˶˵ǸطСš
˵ͷȻֲңǸڷϢͬʱ˷ľ档
ʲô棿Ƥʡ
ǻط磬죬ӽɱߣɱ֮ߣһ壡
˼ؿڣ·ģط硣

Ƥһסˡ
ûõ֪طԡ
޷طҪŸҺһԣ
һߣȻԣ֪ط統仰ʱȫ˶ô𶯣˿ȻеĪļ¶
¶֮࣬ûƤʶֱӷһ̨ʼǱ½̳
Ƚ̳һ۱㿴̳öͱӡ
طѪϴ壡
ӵı⡣
ʧѾĻط֣һѪϴ˿壬ڣһڡ
ȻѾӺ֪Ϣؽӵݿˣԡ
Ƚ
ϵ۰طµĴ˵
طԾǿߵʵɱ벽ǿۣҲ̫˰ɣ
Щ֮ǰ˵طġӪȵˣүү

ݣ̲סЦЦȻףظ
Ϣʵطдһ𣿡
Ȼظݡ
ȻûȥʵϢѾٷ֮Ϣˡ
Ѿµط˷Ϣڡ

ͬʱ
Ъׯ԰
Ъ鱨ˣһŵ峤Ъס
סһƬڣѾ˯ˡ
ʵϣڹȥû˯硣
෴ڹȥҹշת࣬˯
һУֻΪѹ̫󡪡ط粻ļƻḶ֮һЪ弫пܳ۵ŭ
֮࣬Ҳ֪콫ؼһ졪жϣطҪ˵Ļһ
ΪˣΪܹоӦĳ棬صطҩ˯ˡ
壬˯𣿡
壬ֽҪҪ㱨
סſڣЪ鱨ˣһţһߴ˵

һ̡
ﴫĴ󺰡
־嵽˼㣡
顪
Ъ鱨ɫһ䣬ǿŶ룬Ѹٳ嵽ңһ۱㿴Ρ
ͷڷһѪܵͷ
۵ͷ
˯£̱ڵϣ˫۹ԲؿŴͷ
ղţ죬˫ۣ򿪴ͷƣһ۱㿴۵ͷֱŵôӴϹȥͬʱ˯һƬʪ
ˣ




1930 
طѪϴϢͬ쫷һ㣬ڶ̶ʱﴫȫÿһ䣬˾޴𶯡
ŴϢ֮֮˷֮֮
ƨɾԴͬӪͬ˶ԴϢŲͬ顣
ͬǣܶϢ֮󣬵һʱǰׯ԰кʵ
Щ鱨Աڿׯ԰Ĺ㳡ϣһѵʬصѪ
Ϣȷ֮ϢԳֱ
Ϊطɱ֮󣬿ݿնջͱطط塪Щ黷ۣѾΪעĽ㡣
ΪϢ͸©һ㡪طǾǿߣ
ǿ߿羳ɱ벽ǿߣطٴεδеĴ˵߸˹ǶѧһЩ֪
طǿ󵽱ը
޷󣬻طһģ
˭ܸңطЩжԱڵӰж󣿡

һҹȫض飬طûгޡڵڸ̾طǿ
һзʱΪ˴¼ݿ֪ʲô
գ峿
֮Ƶ׶أӭ죬ϵʱĵɢ˶ʵĴڳеÿһ䣬峿ů
ĵ峿ؾ»صļһƬ
ݿͬһηһģͷᣬһֻ˵è䣬¶
˵ӵʱ򣬼ĴŴ򿪣ͨڴ˽Ų
ŲݿǲıˣЩǡ
֪Լĵʮ죬Ҳͥӡ
Լǵط硣
װģȻҺٴμ㣬֪֣һǳΣյ顣ϣ㲻Ҫ֣ҪΪҶΣա
ŽŲٽݿ֪ԼҪȥͥˣ±۾ͬʱһơ
ǽͽ˿ȴ鱣ӣط粻Ҫ
ղ˵ط緢Σգ
ͬݿһ˫۵ʱ򣬿ʿ
Ĳһǣı鲻ֲ෴ϳſ־壬˫ͨ죬ݿĿҲٸ߸ϣǻĹŴ͢еūżӡ
ܿ죬ηĺϽŴˣʿճٵѸ뿪ˡ
߽η
ηˡ
һΣηݿգݿҡԼľġط磡
ΣΪ˱ݿûصʿݿɱӢҵĳԱаݿСõŮ
ݿɲΪ
һΣη֮ûоӸµؿݿ̺ݻ˫һֱӹ˵ϡ
ͨ
һ죬˫ϥݺݵڵϣһʹ
Ȼ
û˫ϥʹǻֻźؿݿ
ţ
ͻһĻݿЩ£֪ʲô
𡭡Ĺ£ԭ֮ǰ֪
·Ϊ˸ݿƵģڵϣɪɪ˳˿־塣
ݿ־壬۵ͷʼˣҰһ㣬ҰѸֲ
޷طλɱΪ벽ǿߵۺѪϴģýֺͷ뵽Ȼطܹ˿壬ѪϴЪ壬ֱѴ֮
Ļǹ͹һԼǰģݿȻӷе״̬лع˲ӿֳһͷط֣ת
𡭡Ĺ£زѾ飬ûдκηɣصȥġӢҽ̳λΪµĹ
·Ϊӡ֤ݿĲ²Ƶģٴοˣ̧ͷݿϳž֡
µԼЪȫȡݿ̬ȣ
һţֻҪݿҪЪ壬ǸĻ꣬Ի˵ֱЪӢȫ
طأ
ݿʣֱѯطϢ
𡭡Ĺ£Ҳ֪طʦ
ڻӦᵽطʱƺΪʦøˣǿ־嵽ı֡
ʲô
ݿٴοѯʣһѪ
򡭡ҹطʦһѪϴ˿塭
µؿڻӦ֮еĿ־ּ˼֡

ٴĻݿ˿
ͨǰսȻͬķӦжϳط֣鷢˱仯֪طѪϴ֮󣬲ų׷
ǵġ
һ̵ֻΪطû¶ġ
֮⣬
Ϊԣطû£飬컹
ݿ֮󣬻վ
Ȼطֽ飬뿪ˡ
飡
飡
飡
ۿݿһֱӶݿͷͬСһ㣬ٶǽһ졣
ɲǼ䣬ĶͷѣѪӿ֣⣬Ǹ
һ̣ȻˣǰĴηݿʱǺεȵšб
һֻ̣ǲϵؿͷݿΪԼЪ꣬Ӷݿԭ£
ûлӦҲûᡣ
ݿ߹
ȴʮּᶨ
Ƿݼᶨ֮ǰеһط磡
üᶨΪԼӢһ




1931 лл㣬ҵ
زŵ顢ʵҹݿΥΪ䳷ߡͬʱӢ»оȡӢҵĹͶӢҽ
ݿ뿪ؾ»صĵ죬ӢȨý׷׷š
һ㱻ȫýתҳΪͷͷٴκ䶯ȫ
ۺ䶯ԣҪԶطѪϴ塣
Ϊǰȫ򹫿ǿ֮ͨ˸֪顣
֪˶ԣǶӢܹݿܹ֣֮ΪµĹȫΪطѪϴ壬Դͷ⡣
죬ݿΪ׵ӢҳԱΣٴλص׶
Ȼռ̳˳ݿΪһιδסĹס֮ǰס
һ棬µĹ̳ʽûоٰ죬ݿǹ
һ棬ݿ˻סȥ
ʱӢҵĺĳԱ·˹Ҳݿ壬ݿס
ݿɫȥһЩˡ
·˹ڻݿ΢Ц˵
ȻӢҽΣͷʯͷأҲò
ݿȻѾϴһ۹˻ĳȹ»ָ˸߹ŵ󣬵ʮ챻ѺηԲůӾݲУ˺ܶ࣬Ѫ㣬ɫȥá
壬𣿡ݿʵ
·˹ͬݿı鿴ȥر˷ܡ
ΪĿǰûмط硣
ݿԶط԰ԨϺЭѡطĻ޷󡣡
·˹һ͵˵
Ѿ֪طѪϴ顣
֮⣬Ҳ֪ΪǼ˵뾡һа취Ρ
ЪıľԴ⣬Ծ޴Ĵۣٴ£ѣסӢҺݿλ
ҲΪܹӢԨ
ݿҡͷ󣬵ᶨ
ԣԣݿûбΪ㰮İõ˾޴Ļرܰ㣬ðž޴Σգǽ鷳
·˹æЦŸͣȥݿĺ˷ܶˣǸо·ӢƵġ
壬㻹𣿡
ݿ·˹Ļ
ݿ̫أʲô𣿡
·˹ʱЩȻЩɵؿݿ
ӢҵΣݿΪµĹӦĲŶԡ
壬ЩˣϢһ£ûĻҾͻϢˡ
ݿڣʡ
õģݿ㲻Ļҽ㿴
·˹æͷˣݿû¸̸
õģ塣
ݿ˵ţվ·˹뿪
ѵΪݿûмط磿
·˹뿪ݿס̲סаԼ
Ӧ
·˹ţȻǰԼס
ݿصԼңڴߣ°ͣϦ
£ˡ
Ϧɽͷڰȡִصʱһ
ݿŮС֮С
ݿµŮİദȫ޷ص֮ǰǸŮദĸо
һݿûӦԼŮѾˡ
߹šֲȱǻۣŷ޸ݿۣʵݿһǳԶ֮ˡ
ҲǣΪʲôһֱط統ʼսطθ鵱ϵ͸
һٳԡ
ݿһɿŴ⡣
װķ磬Ϊʲôأ
ţţݿ̲סȴ㲵ϳ
ݿӺԷɲء
Ӧݿһ
ţ
Ȼݿһϳ뼤
Ϊط
ݿǻþ
ܿ죬ϵ뼤ʧˣǿЦһΪԼ̫˼ط磬³˻þ
þô
Цݿ׼ȥԷ
󣬵ת˲䣬ٴδסˡ
Ϊطվһ΢Цؿ
⡭ǻþô
ݿɬȻ֣ͼطգȷǲǻþ
ƹ£ڲҲڲǼҲǽź͵ǡ
һжǻþԼָطӺطʧ
ɵϣⲻǻþ
ݿطӣط΢ЦſڣȻǰһһѽݿ§˻С
ⲻǻþ
ݿط§뻳طϤϢطĻξѣӲܿƵز
Բݿܿˡ֪㱻顭
ط籧ݿݿĶϿڣԼΪʲôȵų֡
Ȼ
Ļ˵꣬ݿȻջӣţ̧ͷ˫طط磬طĻ˻ȥ
һǣݿҲҡ
ַʽ˵ŶطֱϢͣ
лл㣬ҵӡ
һǹݿͬСһطĻУгҸζ




1932 
ҹĻ٣Ƴϡ
ྩɽĳ¥
ΪƶߵɣػصԼ¥
ΪԼ˺ڽ¥Сۡ
ôû磿
¥֮󣬷ֻһˣЩɻʵ
ȻҶȥ׻ɽׯաɺʱʱСһ¡
죬ûеոеЩ֡
ûС顣
ɿЦŽͣѹ̫󡣡
ҲԣǲһԼĶҲģǱϾΨһĶӣǳ⣬ǰ׷ͺڷˣֱ磬κ˶Գܡ
յͷΪɵȷȻЦ˵Сȷʵδʧ
Ҳ˭ı
ǽĿȸһ㣬ͷǽһ⡣
ôһ˵ʦءձӵ
Сôͳʦˣɲ
ʦ书ʦӣʦ֣ûëдʵ
ô˵ȷ㡣ʦҲĴ󰡣СôΣգûиСκΰѵһ㶼С£
Щɻڵ֪ط֮󣬵һʱϵգ֪ƻĺͻ֯δǰŷް֧Ԯط硣
֪ģҹС粻£жϵһ
տЦ˵Ȼһԥһ£ɣܾʦԴ֮֮󣬶СĴӦĶıˣ֡
֮⣬һֱؼλС̬Ҳ֣ǵҴѹùͷˡ
Ҹеֺܾˡ
ɵͷһֱڸؽеôģһֱûд𰸡
˵ⱳ᲻è壿ʵ
Ͳܹĵˡ
ҡͷȻһۣսձ̵ӡŷڶҪʵ˰ɣ
š
յͷЦСܹɱ벽񾳵ۣսձ̵ľ̺ӡŷڵĿԳ֣޷ɱС硣
һ˳֣ڳѧսǲҳܵĺ
š
ɵͷָ
˶ѧ֯ƶߣҲѧǳ֣Ƿ
ֻҪС粻ɱţ˲֡СչֳսǱؽǾ޴塪ǻᵣСպ󱨸
˵ͣһ£ڴһ죬ĸԸӻѧ쵼һΪС磡
һΣɳĬüĿ֮ͬʱڴ
ڴԼǸս޲ʤıȫۣ֮һһбɾ֣

ͬʱ
һ˽Լǿ񼫸ߵƵڽС
μƵܹˡ̺ͿУǷֱսձ̵ӡŷڡ
ʵϣʮǰɱطжʧ֮ٿһƵ顣
ʱۡҲμˣеΣջоļƻݿӢҵնطӶԳֽطɱ
ƻʧˣٴٿƵ顣
ϴƵȣƵո࣡
Ǿ̺Ϳˣÿ£ͬʱء
ΪǾƵļƻٴʧˣط绹ţʧȥ˿Ҫѡ
ΪطֻǾǿߣɱ벽񾳵ۡչֳѧս츳ֲ̫Ǿ޴壡
ʦô죿
ƵİˣΪӡŷڷĿУȿˡ
ԭӡŷڶսʵӵߣ׷ߣµطͻѧ˾޴в
һ£սûп׵ļƻţҪؿǷҪ׷սˡ
Ͼӡŷ뻪ѧĳ޲սձ̵뻪ѧĳô뻪ѧ绯ΪҲǿġ
ţ
ȻеĻۿſУ˲µ˿е˼
ǿҲã̵Ҳգսһϵƣһپ٣һ
ȻطǸսǵɱۡǵļƻʧܣǶԣ黹ûصʰĵز
һ£ڵһݿͷϳӢұȻطǸǿļƻûκιϵ
ʦ˵ûطһгرˡ䡢ӵ֮ɱǸΪ仰˵϶ᱨǵģ
˵һ֮󣬿б̲סٴοˡ
֪ҲҪ˵ĵڶ
δΪԼĻд϶еջ𡪡ʧȥսѣսҲʧȥӡŷѡ
˵طǸһǿƵˣԵʴȡ㹻ʵԻֱǣʵһ㡣٣ţ֮κһ˳֣Խɱ
˵֮гɱ
ʦǿ²ְܳɣ
üͷһɣƻΪ׵ĻѧԻΪطǸ鱨𣡡
ǵģ˲֣ܳǵĴڣҲ廪ط粻ҳ֡仰˵ֱǣ˱ɹسֽɱ͵
ڲ֣ܳԺأͻư벽񾳣˻аܹɱ𣿡
üͷһɡ
һǡ
Ĭɫѿ˼֡
Ǹ浽һ죬ӡŷںձ̵ҲãսҲգֻѡ





1933 ¹˹
ĻֻǾǿҪ֪ݹȫѧʷδйǿ߻ɱ벽ǿߵȺӣοǶ۵ʵһİ벽ǿɱ
ĬͬʱϵĵǱȡ
ʵϣطѪϴϢ֮󣬾ڻһ㡣
ʷϴδֹǿ߻ɱ벽ǿߵ̫ˡͣǳΪ벽ǿߣͬǲ˼ģ
н˵οǶΪǿߵʱ䲢Ҫô̵ʱͻư벽ǿߣܡ
Ҳһɡ
̺ͿеĻһ£ɣһʹǰġ
ϣǵʹ߾˽ɱطʾǸ⣬̽Ǹʵʵ
ȻǸʵʵһ㣬Ǿô
á
̺ͿͬǶ鲻
Ƶ飬ҲΪ飬ʱһ䡣

ʧܲ
Ҳ֪طѪϴϢ
Ϣŷ޵鱨ԱʧΧ鱨Ա߳˴ܲ鱨˻㱨鱨㱨
鱨㱨ȻѭŹϵĹء
ᵢʱ䣬ܲλʧʧ鱨ԱҪܲҪüСʱϢ
鱨˽л㱨ʱҲڳ
ˣϢ׼ȷ𣿡
鱨˻㱨֮󣬲񿪿ڣȿڣϢ׼ȷɡ
ŮϢɻطڰ̳ĺŷһлطԣӦò١Ϣ֮󣬸ǰׯ԰˲顣ڣȫˣ
鱨˿ڻӦʮֹΪڳҲΪԺݡʮʹһ
ȷطԾǿ߾ɱ۵ģ
üͷЩ˼顣
ˣطڰ̳Ϣδм٣ҰջطԼΪǿߵʱͻƳΪ벽ǿߵĿԼڡ
鱨˹ػش
ףϢӦġ
鱨˵Ļ£ûɵ뵽طɱһ飬ͻȻڵ
¡
ִĻ鱨¡
ΪȶģʹﱻɱϢˣֻ֪
Ϊˣϣ鱨ĶԻ
ǣˣ
鱨̾Ϲ¡
ŮΪʲôΪϢģ
鱨֮ſڳʵ
ףһҺʹ׶ط˵ûͻƾǿ߾ʱɵֵʹһ
ŵյΣɫӵʱ˵ģͻƾǿ߾֮пǸɱһİ벽ǿߵġ
Ĭˡ
Ѿ޽ӽڴ˵е񾳣Ϊǿ֮һҲ޷ھǿ߾ɱ벽ǿߡ
֪ȫѧʷϣҲûһ㣡
ĺֲܿӦòֹһ֣һ봫˵ейء
ۿ˵ٴοڣͬʱ۲ı仯ϧûн׽ѧΪǶԿ˵ɱﵡ
Ů㻹ǲ
һ۱㿴˼ȻüͷҿԽ飬Ȼӵлɱ벽ǿߵʵ²ɲһ׵顣˲ࡣ
ףô죿
豻˼δеΣٴοʵ
ԭΪ˳ڧĵߣ񣬼ƻʧˡңɱۡƱػսձ̵ӡŷڷİɱ˵ûм
üͷͳ˵
Ȼ˳ڧǱҪռƻȺڰʹ֮󣬱㷢ս
һµ˼
Ȼ
һ̣񿪿ڻӦԶͻȻһɺڰֲǿϢͷ·һ˯ħȻƵģ产ˣ
ɲǼ䣬ڣĳԱӦǹɿֲϢͬʱ֪ǹϢǰ¹˹
ףڰʹϢǿͻƴ˵е𣿡
üĿ֮һĨʶسʵ
ˡ
񻺻ڣʡ
Ļ£¹˹Ӱڷſڡ
ƹ£¹˹źɫ޷ӣζ޷塣
ˣŮ
¹˹һ뷿䣬кδ
¹˹Ӧûûͻ񾳣ôˣ
ѪɫƱȰ¹˹ǿַʽŰ¹˹Ψһˣ
ȻʵҲܹͨ¹˹Ϣжϳ¹˹ʵ;硪δͻ񾳣һѾܽӽˣ
񶼸еЩ
Ͼ¹˹ͻư벽ûжãٶȺѧ츳Ī
ˣƿҪһսĥȻп´αչͻ񾳡¹˹ص
ս
üͷһֻ˵ˡ
ƻĵĥʯ
¹˹ٴοڣֱ˵Լеѡ
һ⡣һܺõĥʯϵģսнɱݺݴ˵ƣ
ԣǰһɣֱƻ̣




1934 عȣ
طѪϴĵ죬ӢΪݿٰ˹̳ʽ
ⳡ̳лǳʢȫ˴μӡ
ȫֱȫص񶼿Ե¼ۿֱ
ʣݿ㱻Ӣұϳ粨
ڹȥһʱȫĿⶼۼӢװ뵺Ϊˣⳡ̳ʽӰǰ
Ӣ洦ɼֱĻǵۡ
׶ػĻֱ̳ʽѾ˹ؼʱ̡ݿԣеÿͶĿͶ˵Ļ۾ؿţ
طҲС
ûвμݿĹ̳ʽѡ췵ػġ
ԭݿҪӢҵרܾˣΪûҪô¡أ׳Σա
УݿҾķΣڣϻžµױݣվݽ̨ϡ
һ̵Ѳǰǰ㲣Ǻ棬߹ŵʣĻܸܵ
һУΪӢԨΪڹȥһֱطԣõ˼㡣
лλԶμӽĻлװӢҺҵ֧밮
ͬݽһݿǽил˵һ룬ͣһ£鶸ȻЩҲ˲ߡ
ڽҺӢҪرлһˡ
˭
ȻݿĻǼ̳ʽֳǵӻǰٷ֮ʮϵˣжһɻ
װķ磬ллΪҺһСԶӢѺͶˣ
˵ĺڴУݿۣᣬؿڡ
һ̣ȫǵע£ԼΪݽУ˶طĸм
OMG˭
ǸʲôŮڽһҪӽил
ôоŮЩԣеķİ𣿣

ݿĻ£ǻըˣÿǷ׷׾
ɵѾͷ
ȺУطЦЦȻվ˵ǻڡ

ԼʮһСʱطĿͻ׼ʱؽྩʻ
طȺ»ĻȣڣȻա
ȺУ΢Цųط˻֡
壬ôˣ
ط첽ߵյԣЩɻʵ
ڷػ֮ǰϵѯʹصʱ䣬û˵Ҳûиպš
ȻնԣҪ鵽ط˵ĺţֻҪһ绰
ӭǻѧĴӢۡ
΢Ц˵طĿοиˡ
ΪطѪϴһ£ط޴󣬶ԻѧȻ
һսѧȫ
壬ֿЦ
طЦãȻûҪ飬ӦòԼջعԼʵ壬ǲʲô£
γˣ㡣
Цݣ˵ԼطĿġ
ţ
ط粻һ
֯οֻĵʦҲǻѧǿ֮һһײβȸιŻҪء
طԴ뻪֯򽻵δ
Сʱطյר˻ֻ֯ܲĵİ칫˴˵еĿ
ֻвһߵߣһɫĳۣ˿ЩС
ΪԵʣͷӶѷףҲƣɫܺãһ˫۾
ϢǴһƽȴ
ʦү
ʦ
ط֮ͬʱʺá
ãããһӢ۳ꡣ
ط㿴˺üӣЦſڣ֮оѧĺʵ˴ң
ʦˡ
طǫѷػӦ
ֻǾǿߣȴԿ羳ɱ벽ǿߣĴ˵κ
ҡҡͷȻյС䣬ȥҺС絥һᡣ
õģʦү¡
С磬Ȼǵһμ㣬ҶҲһֱڹעĳɳ
뿪֮󣬿ط磬ٴοڣֻĸңΪѧδΪȫΨһһϣͻǿߵĺʱҲΪȻΪֻĶ̫ˡ
ҴˡҪ˵Ǻһȫѧ꣬ݹ۹Ž㶼ƵϾţʷ
ллΡ
طԣٴ
һΣûٿ׵ǫѷǶԿʾ˸л
ϾСʱܹõ˹עһң
㲻лңûΪʲôԸлֻģȷʵӺͲġȻӦøлԼŬ츳ﵽ˽յĳɾ͡
ҡͷϴȱţÿʱУֻлŲš
һΣطĬ
ǸԼԲֻ˵һЩĻ϶顣
С磬ҽ캰˼֮⣬һ¸
·Ϊӡ֤طжƵģٴοڣת˻⡣
ʦ˵ط
Ҫսձ̵ӡŷڡ
ٶȦӣֱ⣬ΪԼҲΪ˴֡
ұΣգһ᳹˵ڧδǳս
طԣһ˲˿˼
š
ͷȷϡ
ʦžŰһҶˣΣնҶԲʲôҲΣա
طĬ˼ӣڣֻҪսձ̵ӡŷڽȫֻ֧ѧ쵼Ϊδǳսұ㲻ʲô
ټأʶʡ
ӣǳ
طٶȿڣᶨǾ棬ԡ
ʱգѲǸзĻˣ




1935 ս!
ط̸뿪֮󣬷վǶŽ⡣
С磬㡣
ճط֣ڹط硣
õģ塣
طЦЦ˹ȥղУԺȥ
û´ĻӦȫ֣Ҫսձ̵ӡŷڳ֡
ţţͻȻЦ˵
ôµģطһ
Ϊǰͬ顣
տǰ·ɫӵ˵
ָƻĴʦ
طһ뵽ƻĵ顣
꣬ƻĵĶĪʧ٣ս°ߣΪҮ޵ĥʯͬʱѪҺߣսҩо
գطٸԴսУɱҮޣΪƻĵĶӱ˳
š
յͷս°ȫصţȻأûв͸ǽʦôܲ鲻
ʦȻ֪˭Ҳ֪Ļʱ鵽ĺʧٺսйء
ԣѾ㹻ˣ
壬˼ǣƻĴʦʱȥ𣬽ʦˣ
ط缸˵ࡣ
ǵģɾҸղŶ˵Ǿ仰Ϊء
̾˿Ϊʱǳѧǿ֮⣬ͳͳ磬ܴ
ʦִȥ𣬺пܻ޷ĺ
գʦûȥһֱγĵף
ٴյĻطĬˡ
ȻΪ˴֣ʱ˶սձ̵ӡŷڵıڴݿ֮еŭѾɢ˴룬ԼûΣա
ʱݿĲǿ壬սأ
ԼΪ˴֣ȥӪݿ
ط̲סаԼ
ˡ
һ̣طӿֳ𰸣ֻ𶯵
յֻ
ͣ½Ųóֻһǻ֯鱨˵磬ֱӽͨûлرط硣
ոսӵϢ¹˹ˣηս
绰ͨ֯鱨˵Ϊء
ʲô
նʱһ
طȻ
ΪϽͨݡ
¹˹Էս飬ʮ֮Ҫȸ۽֮ս
֯鱨˲սڰ̳·ģȫӦöѾ֪ˡ
֪ˡ
ն˶񣬱ޱ࣬һʯ쾪Ĵ£
طüͷҲʶء
һ棬׿ȫ˵ȫѧһеս˵ˡ
ңսƻġȫѧ˵ƶߣѧϵģҲ˵ģ
һ棬¹˹ǵϸǿΧҶıطһֱɱ¹˹ΪԼʦ
С磬ӦˡǳأҪλ㱨Ͳˡ
սͨ󣬳ط
壬ô£ط
Ҳãһȥλ㱨ɡ
ԣ˼Ӧ
Ϊط磬ӵлɱ벽ǿߵսڻѧ磬˶ǿսˣȫʸʵ顣
£ղٷϻֱתƻİ칫ǶŽȥط
ţ
Ҫ뿪طȥ΢΢һͣ½Ųʵʲô𣿡
ʦүˡ
һصػ㱨ոսӵϢ¹˹أʦ´ս飬Լʮ֮ʦȸ۽֮ս
ৣ
ȻϢɫһ䡣
ǵġ
ǿ֮һӵоԼᶨ־һ̻Ǳˡ
Ϊսķ
ƻΪ֯ȫѧ˵Ļ᳤൱˵
һ£ƻֻһѡ
Ӧս
֮սҪֳʤҪֳ
ܣζ
һսƻ¹˹
֮⣬ΪƻĵݺͰ¹˹ĵλһսӰ쵽δǳս
һʿܵش
С䣬顣
ݵ𾪹󣬿ָ侲ֱָʾһʦ֪ˣӦսڶȥʦء
ʦүҪҪʦأ㱨֮󡭡
û˽顣
ãһսʦӦս
ҡҡͷֱӴյĻΪˣŻѧˣ
Ӧս˵ʿǳشͬʱҲӰ쵽ѧź쵼
ʦ˵Ϊ˵öԡһսƻĴʦӦսӦȸӦսһ㣬Ӱ첻ɣοƻĴʦڱչأһĻû׼ʵʤ󡣡
һΣջشطҲˣѡ֧գ˵Լɡ
߱չأʱ䲻ʱ˲Ķ򣬱ʵսʵķԾ
طǰһǰ֪ݿӢҵ飬δؿ˳سǿ߾
һսֻǴѧ磬ͬǵ飬һսˡ
ٴҡͷ͵ȫڿǣǱһʱǿƻӦ
ңȫҪ϶ģǰȹս
ƻΪ֯˺ȫѧ˵Ļ᳤ȻҪڳִ֡ڴǰ˵һЩֻˡ
ٴĻطüͷû˵ʲô
ѸǣʦүʦӦսȻȥʦأ
á
ͷ
壬ȥɡ
طתͻȻڡ
ΪǸ¹˹ȻŵطսôȻǿźͳֵ׼ƻĶԣһյ飡
еĲ
طΪƻʲô




1936 ˽
¹˹ƻķս
ͬ֯鱨˶˵һ¹˹ս飬ͬһֲ쫷磬˲ϯ˺ڰ磬Ȼӵ磬Ӱǰ
̳Ϊͻս飬Աֱ˼¼վĳʱ̶Щ١
ȫѧ۷һս
˶ⳡ֮սĶ塣
Ϊȫѧһ벽ǿߵ֮սƻĺͰ¹˹ڰӪĿߣԴӪ
ҲڰӪ֮ս
˽ⳡ֮ս֮Ϊս
ƻĻӦս
Ϣ֮󣬼𶯵ͬʱҲӿֳһɻ
Ȼ
ʮӹ󣬻֯ȫѧͬʱƻĵ巢˹桪ܰ¹˹ս
ݺֻ̣ܶȼ֣ȴ綼ˣ
һս˭ʤ
ƻӦսĹ淢֮ǵӿֳ˵ڶʡ
̳˼ҵۣӪͳͳΪƻıʤڰţ¹˹ʤ
ǵĻ˵¹˹ȻսȻžԵĿԻɱƻģ
ǰ̳ȫǿΪٿ˽顣
ǣɳʵ
Ϊɳʵƶߵ벽ǿߣٿɳʵ߼Ļ顣
Ϊ飬벽ǿ߸ոճأɼӳ̶ȡ
ˣաûط类ɱ֮ڲڧĻᣬð¹˹սʱҵú׼
һ벽ǿ߿ڵʱ¹˹ɱƻĵĻ˵شһӾ˵ڧսᣬٴ˵ָȨ
š
ͷƻӦս֮󣬱ʶһ㣬ͬʱҲΪ˶еǡ
ɳʵ뻪ѧϵãǻѧ쵼ӮδǳսɳʵõĪĺô
ս쵼δǳսǳսɳʵԶǺ¡
ˣ飬޷ʲôһֻѧ硣׼ȷ˵ƻֻܿʵɱ¹˹ŲӰ졣һ벽ǿҲˡ
ţȷʵ
ٴεͷȻ˵Լ˳صĿģҺǳأ֣ǣǾã᲻սΪɣֱӷս⣬ѧǷλᣬֱӶս
һս˵ĸִ඼ǰս³ǿߣҲ·磬Ӧòᷢս
翪벽ǿٴ˵λᷢսΪҲ󡪡Ȼк֣˲Ҷ֡
ҲΪ
һ벽ǿߵͷ͡
е
ԣ˼ص˵ͷȻȻ˼չأҴŰɳǰȥսʶǰһսϢ
õģˣ
벽ǿͬӦΪİźܺá
Ȼɳʵѡֺ֧׷滪ѧ磬սױɳʵҲ㾡ǿ߳սǻ
ǰȴ˶ӺͶԻѧ֧֣к֣νһá

̫
Ϊƶߵļڣͬټɼһ벽ǿ߽ܻ顣
Ӧö֪˰¹˹ƻķս顣
ɳʵͬûѯʣֱӱ۵㣬Ҹղ룬յĿʲôǶҪ㡣ֳԻѧ֧֣ͬʱҪ޶ȵرǵʵ
ڴˣȥɡ
ɼԸ¡
ս뻪ѧ̸Уɼ̫Ĳμӡ
һΣȥҡͷ
Ϊʲô
ɼһ벽ǿ߲ʡ
ǿڲ̫ƶߣҲ̫ѧĶ룬һʲôأӰ޴
ĿģҿԱ֤Լֻǵĸ֮սȥĻ˻ѧ棬δȡǳս֮Ƿֵúô档
о˸ڽԵɣͬʱаԼֻǵɱƻ
ûд𰸣֪ʮ֮ȸһսյ׽ҿ

͢ʥɽ
Ͻ̻Ī¹˹ƻ֮ս龪أҵһʱ½̻˹Ƶͨ
˹ڰ¹˹սƻһ£ô
Ƶ֮ͨĪȿڣֱ⡣
ʦΪ׼ڧĻᣬɱƻģʿȻ󷢶ս˹˵ԼĿ
˼ǣֻǵսûĿģսΪֱӷսĪʵ
ʦʵǲ˵ģǰȥս˸ֲ٣ǻѧ磬ô޴ġ
˹һǵȻ϶׼Ӷλ֡
Ҳġ
ĪͷȻʵ˭ȥʣ
ʦҿǹˣҺͼͼȥ˹˵ԼĴ㡣
ԡ
ĪӦˣѵһսֹǵĸսȷȫ
õģʦ
˹ͷҲĴ㣬ĿΪ˱͢ʵ
˽ġ
ɳʵ̫͹Ž͢˽ģο뻪ѧгսձ̵ӡŷڣ




1937 뱨
սձ̵̺ӡŷڿٴνƵ顣
ǰƵ鲻ͬһΣղô࣬˵ıҲǰأϻЦݡ
ΪǽٿĿģΪβжд̡ط磬Ϊ˰¹˹ƻĵ֮ս
ô¹˹սƻĵ飿
Ƶ鿪ʼһȿڣѯʾˡ
ƻĺͰ¹˹ѧţҶʵͻȻġУƻһЩΪ벽ǿ߸硣
¹˹ԴıлĵѧҶõҩ֮Ƴҩ֮һֱڱչ״̬ǽڲͻư벽񾳣ȷϢԡ
ȿڣ˵ԼĿȻ¹˹ƻķս֤ǰ벽ǿеٮٮߣǰĴڡԣҸ˿ð¹˹ʤ
Ҳð¹˹ʤ
еͷ;̵жϡ
ҵĿһ
˵ԼһսĿȻЦ¹˹ʤǶԽһ¡
ǵģȻƻĲǻѧǿߣǻѧģȫѧ˵Ļ᳤̫⡣һܱɱѧŻήָͣȨĻᡣ
ٴοڣֱ˵ﻰ
ⷬص˵ġ
ΪͨϴƵеı֣еЩҡ
һսѧǿǰȥսô죿
Ͽ뾮˵ͬʱһ⡣
ǲɳʹǰ𣿵ʱȥսǣ˵ͳͳչˡ
˵ԼõľһƻҲκʧ뻪ѧĵĻǸ
ã
̺ͿͬӦΪźܺ
ԭǺ͸ԵΪطǿ𣬶ӭ⡣
ֻҪƻһǱ˵ָȨ
ѧĵĻǶԣ൱̵ְ

͵̺Ϳ˽Ƶͬʱطƻıչڵɽڡ
ʦҺСҪ㱨
վڶڣ˵ڡ
յĻ£ƻĺܿɽӳٶȼ졣
ڣֻܸӦƻĵϢ޷ƻĵӰط
Դӳͻƾǿ߾֮ط緢ֲļһսҲ˲ͬȵ
ʦ
ƴʦ
طͬʱƻʺá
С磬𣿡
ƻĳطοһЦʵ
Ȼûκ㱨طѪϴ飬طƾط˽⣬Խ¸߰˰ˡ
š
طͷһڣ׳
ǿ߿羳ɱ벽ǿߣС磬ֵ˺δеĴ˵
ƻĿĵЦˣǸоԼʵҪġ
ʤ
һǿ߶Ժڴ
ƻҲһ
ԴƻĳΪ֯ΣΪǸʱڵĵһ֮һֱڴѧܹվλá
ȵҶ
Ҷѧ츳ɳٶȾˣΪȫѧһһˣ
Ϊ֯ûиҶ㹻ıҶ¹˹Χ²У׵̳
Ǽ飬ƻеʹҲƻĽź֮һ
ֵȵط硣
ͬҶһطǾģǻŷḻɱ顣
һΣȡҶĽѵطıȷñ֡
Ϊط磬߼ĻĹӡ
ڵȵط糹ǿһ죬Ǹоͷ·𿴵ԼĺӡӣһسɳԼڴӡ
ƽʱƻⷬջѯƻΪʲôط˴ŷ֮Уʼճģ˿ûѯʣڵȣƻط罻̸֮ƻĻ㱨¹˹ս顣
طƻľϹƴʦСнգչˡ
Լ
ƻЦŰڰ֣ԼŬߵ˽죬֤ԼһΪδػ񣡡
ʦҽСһرҪ㱨
֪ΪΣδػ⼸֮Īеһģ̲סˡ
ʲô£
ٶյĻƻſʵ
ʦ¹˹
ս¹˹սͿƻӦսľƻ˻㱨Ȼ󲹳ԭҺС綼ʦү㱨֮Ӧսʦү˵ȷӦս
ʦүǶԵġ
ƻʼɫûб䣬ֱ˵꣬΢΢һЦСŷ޵飬ڲìܼӾ磬ʱ򣬰¹˹ҷսǲһʱӦսԻѧź˵ʿӰ졣
ʦǰ¹˹չض꣬ͻȻҪսȻ׼
ԥһ£ٶȿڡ
Ȼ
һΣսĻ˵꣬㱻ƻĴϣⲻҪҪǣս޾ս
ƴʦ֪ͿʦԴΪأ޷Ӧս˵¹˹սȻбΪӦЩ׼
ʱط翪˵
С磬İɣֻսӶ֣սϻӶֵģһƻЦЦ
ƴʦһ·ҰչмӣԴ书ڸҡ
طһϵؿƻģ˵ԼǰĿģ鷳ս޷ʵ֡
뽫֪⼸һҲⳡ֮սаһ̫үҵģһԼдġ
С磬֪Ҫ֪ҵȻʮǿ󣬶ܹ羳ɱ˵̣ҲĵƣҲҪ⣬ˡ
ƻĿڴطĻܾطİ
ƴʦҽ̫үڸ㣬˵ʲô
طΪƻļɻԼԽ̫үڵ⴫½͵
С磬ҲǼɻһ㡣֮Ծܾĺ⣬㡣
ƻҡͷ˵ԼܾɣһκǿҪڶʱڲ򡢳ᣬһѵ顣
ڶս֮ʣȥϡϾˣᶯҡҵ־
һҵãҲ״
仰˵һº֮սһĺ⡪Ҳִ֪˵ĵƣ
ãǰף쿪ʤ
طԣ֪ƻ˵㲻ټ֣аԼûǰ֪ƻġ




1938 ʮ
죬طոƻĻص˻֯ܲ
ǻصŽʱ򣬿Ѿˣ˸ƻĴǰսֹ۶ӣƻаš
ƻĻع֮󣬵һʱ´
һ֯鱨йעΪ׵ĺڰĳԱĶ̬ǰȸ۴ǰڡ
ڶ뻪ѧҪĵڻ֯ܲۼ
˸Ҫѧ֯Ĵڰڻ֯ܲۼȻһͬǰȸۡ
ǰƻԻ֯巢ģȫѧ˵巢ġ
ȻƻҲڵģô˴սΪ顣
֮ƻıѡڻ֯ܲչأȴѧҪĵ̺ҪĴǰ
ΪƻҪչأط뿪˻֯ܲ뿪֮ǰصϵ˽֯Сȡ
ط磬绰Ϊ¹˹Ҫսƻĵ𣿡
绰֮ͨȵ
ǸȣҪź鷳ˡ
طЩ˼֯ûб˽֯
¹˹ƻķսһ£ӰشطֻܺƤٴҵȡ
ط磬ҵѣô
˵ţȴ̾˿
ƺԣϣطûµʱܹϵ
лл㣬ȣ󲹡
طԣȽел
Ȼ
Լ˵ڣȱĻط磬ˣ֮䲻Ҫ˵ллţҲĴԭĻ˵֮䲻л
ȣҾͲˡ
طЦһȻ˵£ҵ¹˹ľϣʵ⣬ҪԱĶ̬
ڶ£ҿ԰㡣һ£û㡣
ɫΪ¹˹˷ǳأڰڼ䣬չأµĸڣû֪ľʵǿʲôز
ǰ֮ܲʵǳΪһա
ûκܹ鱨ԱܲܲľλöҲֻ֪ʧ򡣡

ȵĻط粻üͷ
֯鲻¹˹ľʵ鱨͸ˡ
ط磬үү֮ƣжϼ׼ȷ磬жϣΪʱǡ
ԥһ£ʵڰ¹˹ƻһսʹүүһжϣҪҪ
˵
үү˵һսƻĻʤĸʲһɣ
ȳ˵
⣡
ٴȵĻطͷһʶʵΪʲô
ɣүүûиҡȻص
֪ˡ
طصػصȻͨ

Ͳġཡ̾˿
˵Ĳǻԣ滰ʵ
Ȼ֪жϻطأǾбҪط磬ӶطǰӦ֮ߡƻսطúȥδӣ

ؼҴԺ
ȫͬһԼռطϢγɱ棬ӡ֮ű棬ؽ鷿
顣
ȫ鷿ſͣ½Ų췿š

ؽ鷿д
ȫŶ룬߽鷿Ȼվ˫Ų£̧ͷͦأű棬̧ؽ׳
£
ؽеļʵ
׳ǹط±档ȫ˵
°ɡؽ
ǣ׳
ȫ첽ǰŵؽİ칫ϣа룺׳֪Слɱ벽ǿߵʵ֪θ룿
ԺռϢˡ
ȫȻؽͻȻֿڵ

ȻؽȫЩ¡
ΪԴط类ϳؼ֮һֱڰؽָʾռطϢѳΪҪ֮һ
ڴڼ䣬Ҳ²ؽĿģʼûеõ𰸡
ؽͻȻҪȫֹͣռطϢٴȫһֲ
ǡǣ׳
ݵķ¹ȫԳɣһֹģ
£
ؽ״üͷ΢΢һ
׳컹յһǳҪϢ
¡֣ȫ֪ؽطκλ㽫ߵĻʻ˶ӣһת㱨һ顣
ڰһа¹˹֯ƻķսƻηֱԻ֯ȫѧ˵巢ӦսȫΧ˾޴𶯡
£ȫؽȴؽıͬƽĺ棬ûκ·һҲ¡
֪ˣȥɡؽ
ǣ׳
ȫЩɻȻ󲻸ٷϻֱת뿪鷿
鷿Уؽûȫ֮طı棬վתĿ絶һɨǽϵĵͼ
һݻĵͼһĵͼͬͼǡ
ЩǶؽԱעģ飬û֪к塣
ؽŵͼ㿴ʮӣ˼ʮӣջĿ⡣
ߵߣĿͶԺеϻͬһ㣬һôؿš
ʦһǧ˭ټ䡣
֪˶ãؽ̲ס˫ۣڡ
ʮ¡
һؽüĿ֮ӿֳһĨˡ
ݼš




1939 ѧ
ƻӦսĵϣ׼ʱء
ΪѧҪҪ֯ܲ
طҲظ˹
֯οҲٶȳ֡
֮⣬صĹš
ֻһҵߣϢһͷ׷ϴһɫĳۣһźɫߣ͸©һصϢ
ãط磬ǹš
ų֮󣬵һʱطк
ڼˡ
طʺã̬ʮ𾴡
һ棬֪Ϊ֯εĹţοŮƻͬʱˣּ
һ棬ṩƤߣθطǸȫ򣬱Ϊȫѧһһˣ
ܸˣ㲻ҵˡ
Ц˵ָ
ʱط类ŸϳģΪӣھ裬ڼз棬ΪԱֻüݡ
طӵпȰ벽ǿߵս֮洦ȥɵع⡪ϣԻɱطˣѾ޼ˡ
лл
طٴл
ˣС磬Լˣô
ƻļ״Ц˵
͹Ųͬˣǿĵӣ÷δһ𣬵ҲùϵʶȽ⡣
ǲÿ
ЦЦȻصԡ
Ϊ˻֯ܲ
طҲˡ
һ˹Ƶģ޷档
Ϊˣطڣû֪˭Կ϶ǻĳѧĴ
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³֮ˣһϺУһ׺ӣһͨĻɫģЩˣЩˡ
µĺۼβơߵӦоУɫ˫۾񣬻ǿϢ
ǹϢ˿־壬һԡĸоƽ׽˵Цݡ
ڵϷҲǻķڵǿߣأһ뻯ƾһ֮ѹӡŷڡ
شʦ³ͬһߡ
ߴһɫĳۣһѱϢͬǿ
شʦԡϢͬߵϢΣգһѳʵı
Ǳˣɽɵ棬ҲǻϽ񡪡н
³֮һɫۣСĿɷƿֲһǿԵĸо
Ǽ桪ơ
شʦнͼڡɽɺͼҵĵ̣ͬҲǻѧĵ̣ǰ벽ǿߡ
شʦ
ʦ
ʦ
ƻ˴ط硢źӭϣشʦнͼʺá
ڻ֯һι꣬ڼǰǰˣǰﲼһУֹ۶ӡ
Ρ
شʦнͼͬʱʺá
Ƕһʱѧţ˴֮䲢İγ˾ϵ
գǶΪ˰벽ǿߣΪǸʱҫ۵Ĵڡ
ȻǵʵҲָߵ͡
ǽӽ˵񾳵Ĵڣ֮ǿģشʦǰ벽ǿ֮еİнʵشʦ㲻ϰĴڣҪһİ벽ǿǿĶࡣ
Ϊ벽ǿߣЩʵһֱδ֮ġ
ƻģδѳɳΪѧˣ
к֮شʦֽĿͶƻģзнȿڵ
СƣһսһҪѧ磡Ҳ˵
Ψشʦ΢Цû˵
ллλʦΪĳͻȫѧأ
ƻشʦ񣬵лʮֹ
һΣû˵ʲôǷ׷׽ĿͶط硣
ȿƻĶԣǶطȤ·ϣѾ֪طĸִ˵
Ѿǰ벽ǿߣӵмᶨ־طĴ˵֮󣬶𾪡
ǣطΪǿߣɱ벽ǿۡһ£ǾΪˣЩ߸Ƕѧ֪
ǰˣ˲ãֱѧ漣Ҳǻѧ֮ң
һΣȿˣ̾ͬʱ겻ѡ
һ٣ò׳Ϊ˰벽ǿߣȴпط綼У
طֻвʮ꣡
һ£гΪطĴ˵е̾Ϊѧе֮⣬ⱸܴ
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߻۸
شʦҲط
λʦˣ
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طĻ£Ҳ׷״ӳ£ǡһХ죬Ҳ䡢ӥͼԡ
³ԵƻġʺãȻطߡ
ԭ˶ط羳ɱۣѪϴһ¼ѣҲ֪ƻ¹˹һս¹ش󣬹ʶûнǷݼֳûط罻̸
ƻĴ˽İ칫ص㣬ڸ¥һߺȲ轻̸һߵȴĴϵ
ֿڤ䵱ʦ޵ˡ
ǻѧŴɡ
֮⣬ŵɵҲ˹
ŵӵʱļ´껡Ҳˡ
µĵˣ˿ƻġط硢պ͹Ŵ֯ӭ֮⣬شʦнͼڣͳͳǰȥӭӡ
Ϊļǻѧϡغǿļ壬ǻߴѧֹһػġ
ңļ£Ҳǻȫѧǿ֮һʵ֮ϣȣҲֲ١
Сƣһսѧ綼ǿĺܣ
˴к֮ƻĵļ򣬼ǴļҶƻĿڣҲǴѧƻĺͻ̬֯
µĻطڣ˶еһѪȣ˲䱻ռݡŽᣡ
ĿǰѧҺͶü֮⣬ŴɵĴ͵̶ˡ
Žһȫκһŷɥ




1940 ⲻԵ
ĴʦλʦģƻĶȫԸ
ƻĹ֣˵ǻӦ£ҲǻӦڳÿһˡ
£ƻִǰ칫ڸ¥Ȳ裬ͬʱȴҺͶüɵĴǰ
ջ֯·Ļ֪ͨѧĴڽʮڻ֯ܲĻҲμӻ顣
Ȼ
ŵʮʱҺͶüɵ˶ûг֡
òѧĴеЩɻ󣬵Ҳֻɻ󣬲ҳ
Ϊڻѧĵλ̫Ȼֻļҿ֮Ტۡ
С䣬ҺͶüɶ֪ͨ˰ɣ
ƻĿ˿ʱ䣬Ťͷʵ
Σȫ֪ͨˡ
չػص
Ϊڹϣҵ˵棬նƻĵĳƺΡ
ϵһҺͶüɵˣǻûǾͿᣬˡƻĳ˵
ǣΣ
£ǰȥ绰
¥Ҳ
ĵļԽԽˡ
ʱͻȻڣ˸¥İЩ
ļҺǻѧ繫ϣʵǿѧ壬ļҲǻѧǿս
ڳ֮У˿֮⣬ǵĶ֡
֮⣬Ҳû˵ݡλ˸Ժա
һ£²˶ҵҲû˸ҽµĻ
ΣѾˣֱ¥
ܿģȥƻĻ㱨
š
ƻ΢΢ףûѯʲôˣҲû¥ӭӵĴ㡣
Ƭ֮󣬰طڣ˸ӦϢ
ɲǼ䣬طͨϢжϳˡ䴺ͳʦ̫
ط磬ڳ˶жϳһ㣬ϻٶ¶˾ɡ
Ͼһսϵѧȫδĸ֣ȴӻ֯ĴڣҲںѧİΣ
˵ĵȴУ䴺볾ʦ̫˸¥
䴺㸸أ
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ĴʦҸڱչؽҪͷ޷ǰ
䴺￪ڻӦ֮ްΣһӦ
ңûҲûƻĵ
䴺Ļ䴺һںı飬ƻüͷ뵽䴺ϴѧѧ䲻ܳƻġ֯ìܵ飬ǹġ
˵ֻǻɵĻط缸׼һ㣬۶䴺üĿ֮ӿֳŭ⡣
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ŭ⣡
һΣԼѧѧһս䴺ǵڼû䳰ȷƻķִȫûдֹۡ
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ʲôʱܱչأҪʱչأллѧ𣿡
˸˼ͬʱٴο
ĴʦҸ׵£Ҳ֪飬Ҳʡ
䴺ɫǸо·˵ҪǲˬȥҸۣҪҷ
ߣ˽֮ҵҪȥ԰
һȥδܵ䲻
õģĴʦ
䴺΢ЦŵͷȻŤͷƻĹ֣ͬʱʵΡΣ˵ڻҿʱĵ¥𣿡
˶ڵǣǵļӿ󰡣
䴺Ļ£ط粻ȿƻĿڣͻȻ
ৡ
طһڣʱ˵Ŀ⡣
㻰𣿳˵Сʲô죿
䴺ͬüط磬üĿ֮ŭΡ
طݴСͳʦ̫飬䴺ܲˬҲñ˴˽ӡ
طѧѧ䣬һս񣬰ﻪѧӮ˵Ȩݺݵش䴺䴺ﵱ޴棬ֻܻ뿪
£˫ìܼ
ղţ䴺ִͷʡѵ⣬бͲ˿ط缥Ļܲŭ
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ʲôʲôʸǣ
䴺ЦطĿڿһС
ǻ֯ĸΣҲǻѧӢۣǻѧδԴҺͿǻ֯
һΣӦ䴺ƻġ
ƻĵڿڣ֧ط磬ͬʱطڻ֯ѧĵλ
ǺǡȻô˵Ȼûġ
䴺ɫЩѿһƤЦⲻЦ˵֪ͨʱʮ㣬¥ʱ򻹲һӲŵʮ㡣Σûгٵɣ
˵ٵôֻ˵ǵļ̫ˣ
طٴοڣͬʱ
δ䴺ͳʦֹ̫ŵǶƻĺͻ֯ƣ
ƻΪ˺ͻ֯ƶߣÿָʲôط粻䴺ɫ
Сӣע˵
ٴطĻ䴺ɫһ䣬ŭĿط磬ͳҲǻ֯ĸΣ˸ǰòҪϣˣ죡
㸸ؼʱ̣ӻ֯Ĵڣ˻ѧ簲Σͳ̫ţڻٿǰһӲŵҪ˵ǲǷɣ
طԣǿƻӦ˵ˣ죬ҪǱȻȻ
㡭
䴺ﲪȻŭȴӦսˡ
ΪѾ֪ط羳ɱ벽ǿ۵飡
Ȼ޷ط絽ôģǸطĶ֣ط罻֣ȡ衣
Сӣ֣԰ӭ㣡
գ䴺ｫӭսĻ˻ȥط硣
ģĴʦȥ԰õĽҲǰ԰㸸Ҫһͣ
ط俪ڣǻӦ䴺ǵڱ̬
ৣ
ǿƻģ¡شʦнͼΪ׵ĸѧԱɫһ䡣
ΪǶ֪طһбس

䴺ЦƵģЦһСӣҲվӣʲôҲȥҸҪͣ
Ǹϲĺ˲𣿣
һ̣ط翪ڻӦһȻ
䣬Ӱ֡
һӰȻڸ¥¥ݿڡ
Ҷ졣
طĴʦ֣Ե




1941 ĴϷĻ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬طڣ˶ԼͬؽĿͶ˲ԵҶ졣
Ҷ촩һɫĳۣһͷɢŰ벽ǿߵϢ
˭
ҶİҶǿϢط硢ǡһǼٲһս֮⣬˾һ¡
ΪǲûмҶ졣
׸鱨֮ҲûйҶϸϡ
׼ȷ˵ֻһ仰Ҷ죬벽˵ĵӣͬҲطĴʦ֣
ɻͬʱƻġ¡شʦнͼƼ벽ǿߣϾӿֳ˲̶ͬȵ𾪡
û
𾪣
Ϊڸղţ֮ûκ˸ӦҶϢֻҶĽŲ
ط˿˵ı飬ԼĴʦҶղһǶغϢ
һͬʱطҪҶк˱졣
˭
䴺ɫѿضҶ죬ܹܵҶǹɿֲϢҶһ벽ǿߣļдδйҶļ䣬ͬʱҶԲѷеջ
Сʦܣ겻Ŀ࿴
Ҷֱӽ䴺Ļ˷ƨ΢ЦųطкǱ黹ǻ֮Уھ̾
ϾϴǼٲطʱط绹ֻǶǿߣ̩峤Ӳƴһǣˡ
طѾǾǿߣҿԿ羳ɱ벽ǿߣ
Ҷ֪طһЩϸҲطʵٶҲе̾
ҶĻ£˶˲֪Ҷݡ
ϾǼٲһսӰ޴Ҷ캴˻ѧҫԴһս֮˺Ҷ
㡭Ҷ죿
䴺üҶ졣
Ҷɽ䴺Ļ˷ƨûκλӦûȥ䴺һۡ
䴺ıѿ˼㣬ǸоȳԷʱһֻӬҪջ
ʦƻĴʦλʦҶĳžڰǸ¹˹ƻĴʦսԵʲôһӰš
䴺ջͬʱҶƻĹ֣ͬʱ¡شʦнͼʾ⡣
Ҷ죬̫
һ̣ȿƻĿڻӦ䴺̲סŭ
̫
䴺仰Ҷб䴺һۣղŲ˵Сʦûʸ㸸ǸϲҪҪҸʦ㱨һ˼ԴСʦȥ԰㸸ˣ

ٴҶĻ˶סˡ
ڴ֮ǰȻû˼˵ˣȫѧ缸Ϊ˴ڣпǴ˵е񾳡
˿̣Ҷȴ˵Ҫطȥ԰ˡ
ӿ϶пǴ˵е񾳣
Ͼ䴺ǻȫѧǿ֮һʵɲ⡣
ط粢ûдɬ
Ȼ֪Լ̫үˣΪĴڣţĴڣǿޱȣ
ţ
طһеͬʱȻ֣ƻ˲δҶĻе𾪡
вһ
ৣ
ͬʱ䴺ɫ䣬ɫͨ죬ŭ㡭
ˣһңջ֯ȲǱд裬Ҳǿཻ档
һΣ䴺ｫĻ˵ڣ㿪ڴϡ
Ϊ˹ȫ֣òֹҶ䴺Ŀཻ档
ҶʦʵڱǸ֯ûϵʽҲ֪ʦںδʶû֪ͨ
ƻĽſڣǽΪû֪ͨˡҶʦͽȻллμӴ˴λ飬Ϊѧ
Σˡߣػģ岻ݴǣл֮˵
Ҷ쵭ȻһЦȻһӵطԣ䴺ǸƻӣҲǲм
䴺ȻбҲֻܽʣƨҷһ
ϾʵҶط磻۵̣Ҷ졢ط䲻ң˱ǿˣֲʵп֮ϡ
һĻƻûٶҶ˵ʲôǹ֣Ŀ⻷ܵλԭǰŴڻҿᣬ飬ȻҶߴҶϲڻңаɡ
شҶ֪İ¹˹ҷս
գ֯λʦΪҸ˵֮սҵпñս飬뼯˼棬̶Բߡ
ЩҪģҵһ֮
ƻĵĻ䣬漧ƿڵʱǱƢ٣Ҳûô䡣
ʦ֪ʵСӣ˵ӵнʮλ벽ǿߡ
ƻĿڻӦƣͬʱҲ֪˽Ŀǰƣ˴֮սȻѧ֯ҲǰǵõϢֻж̫͢벽ǿߡ
սձ̵ӡŷڶֻһʹǰ
һ£۰벽ǿߵǲռƣԻҪӦԡ
ƻĵĻطףƻĻһ仰û˵ڡ
Ȼɳʵ̫ͽ͢벽ǿߣĸ飬İ벽ǿߣδػͻѧһͬЭӦС
һѧһǵռƣܴƣ

ƻľۼѧַͬʱʧܲ
ˡڰʹˡŮǵõĿɿϢɳʵ򡢽̻͢˹ڽ̲ͼԼ˵ļڣ콫ִﻪģ֮ڻѧһͬǰȸۡ
鱨ˣػ㱨սձ̵ӡŷûг벽ǿߡ
ףһжƶϵһ
鱨˵Ļǰһһؿ
ڰʹսĺŽǽ㴵죡
ûлӦ裬һڴؿŰ¹˹
ˣɱƻ֮ʱǸı֮ʼ
¹˹ɫƽػӦ
һ̣Ѿƻĵһˣֱ϶Ӯýǳս׵߸֣Ϊף




1942 ǰϦ
Ϊƻڵˣ֪ĿġǷҪ֮ս飬Լô顣
Ϊˣ»鿪һ죬۵ҲûóʵԵӦԴʩֻȷһ㡣
ˮڡ
Ҫ飬ѧ罫ЭӦսƱػɱˡ
֮󣬻֯ΪѧĴ׼硣
طǰʱ䣬ԼҶ԰ɢ˻ѯҶһЩ飬Ӷҿеɻ
Ȼ
ط翪ѯʣҶٴξ̾Сʦܣʵٶȼֱ̫ˣʦ̾Ϊֹ
ʦޡ
طЦЦȻʵˣʦ֣ҵʦ𣿡
ԭطǼٲһս֮Ҷ̹ԣԼʶˣҲûˣԼѧغ̫ү̵ģҶʾطѧϰ˵غҲ˵ĵӡ
Ϊˣط˿̿ڣƺΪʦ
ûС
Ҷҡͷҳ˺ܶ취ȥʦ˼ңһֱûҵ
ϣгһܹʦ˼Ұ
ҶĻطüĿ֮ڴȥԵ˵
ܹѧ֮·нյĳɾ̫ͣүڵغؼء
Ϊˣڴ˵е˳˸м֮ģͬʱҲ侴Ŀɡ
Ҳһ
Ҷ̾˿͵
ʦ֣ұսսұƻν˵ָȨؼʱ̣˸˲ڸóǱ˵ģ紫пʦΪô
طٴοʵ
⣬طʹƻģƻıʾҲ֪յ˭ǰȥġ
һֱطͷҲԴ˽йй²⡣
սƶȫǿ֮һһȺ벽ǿߵͷȻϢػ죬ֻֿܡ
һΪ˵еǿߣʵԶԶ
ڶ˿ͨطڲϢ
طյϢȫѧ磬Ψ̫үڵغһ㡣
Ϊˣط統²⻻ѡ
ˣҶؽ
˶غ
طųų
ҶΪ֮Ҷ첻Ӧһ뿪
طȷϣ·գؽδ뿪ġྩμĳҪ飬һиûš
һ£طΪˣ
СʦܣҲ˵顣
Ҷ쿪ڣǱԼ֪£ȻŻصҲ֪˭ΪʦĿԲ󡣱Ͼʦ֣ûҪڣºûƻĽϵ
ʦ˵Ҳе
ط˼ظͣȴɻǵջ֮˵˭

طҶصֳʱѾʼպ֡
һ棬ѧѾܾûټѧۻˣǸĵ̳ǼԼĳ档
һ棬ֻ¹˹һսԻѧȫشⳡ׳оơ
Ȼط粻֮ǳ֮սǣΪĸִ˵ΪѧĹףԼԻѧδ壬ֻ֮⣬Ŀˡ
ϣط羴Ƶﲻط߲ܣԼ֪˶١
ںȾƵĹھƳƾòʡ¡
ڶ죬Ĵֻ֯ܲԳӭӣοûг֣ѧҲûг֡
ֻͬ˵һɳʵƶ򣬷̫ƶ߼ڣŷ޽̻͢˹ڽ̲ͼʥŮˣսձ̵ӡŷֻλʹߣʵǾǿߡ
ʦڴʦ˹̻ʡͼʦʥŮλʹߣӭģ֯ܲ
ֻڻ֯ܲĽӴӼˣұʾ˻ӭֱ⣬գǰҪΪǳ䡣䱾û̫⣬ҵαı
᳤ֻⳡӰش󣬶ǵ飬ҲĵģӦùġ
̻˹΢ЦŻӦ̬
ǵġ
ͼڷ׷׵ͷ͡
սձ̵ӡŷڵʹ߶ûп
λҸ˽飬Ǹ鱨ϢĿģӦս׼
ֻٴοڣ顣
Ľ飬õ˹˵֧֣Ҳͳͳ̬һ鱨ϢȫӦС
Ȼ
ͬĻһе鱨ޣ޷жϳĿģֻĵҲû۳ȻֻԲӦ䡣
᳤ֻطڻ֯ܲ𣿡
鼴ʱսʹͻȻʵ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬˲ԼͬؽĿͶֻġ
ȻǶط缫ӣҶطܹ羳ɱۡΪ棬ط磬֪طһеġ
У԰Ϊ
Ȼ֪Լ˺طעҪΪƽߣ󼸺нˣǶطط磬֪طһС
첻
˵עУֻӦȻʵ𣿡
ûʲô£ֻǺԾǿߵʵɱ벽ǿߵģĿķɡ
սʹ治ɫػӦЩԲԡ
Ϊձ̵ӡŷڵʹߣ˴ģΪ˹սı䣬һҪȷطǲǾǿߣԼ̽طĿǰʵʵ
ͬʱ
ྩһطѩ͡
طμ֮ûлظĸǻصԼѩס
ֻǸ¹˹ȸһսӦûȥɣ
ͽ֮ѩͻȻʵ
ţҪȥġ
طͷûжѩ֪еȡ
Ȼֻ¹˹֮սֻȦѩ֪²¡
СһЩԼ
ѩ˵˵ϳŵǡ
ɵϣֻĴʦҡοѧһЩǿҲǰȥսµġطЦ˵
š
ѩͷüĿ֮ĵûмٰ֡
Ȼ֪طβ˽֮սҲͬطղ˵Դ֪֮һֱŲ
֪ԵɣŮеĵиطγУǳΣգ




1943 ֮ս
ʱˮ֪ʱѹ
ڹȥʱȫصߺͺڰĳԱǷɶ˻һ㣬ӿ̩ȣۼ֤¹˹ֻ֮ս֮ս
Ϊսļ֤ߣ
һսӰ͹עȣԶԶط統֮սҲʷϵһӿôߺ͵ԱȾ̩־޴ѹ
һ棬˶ߡԱӿ룬ȵΰ˲ֶ̱̩ûйơ
һ棬̩漫Ϊģⳡ֮սֱ˺֮䱬սȵս
Ȼ
ѹѹ̩ԣѾ췹޷һսĵص㣬Ҳ޷ЩӿȵߡԱϡ
ֻܽȫȼᵽߣ̩ϣƶʩȷֻ¹˹֮սڼ䣬̩İȫȶ
һʩ̩潫ӿ̩ߡԱз࣬Σշӽϸ񶢿أͬʱг޷ǿߡ
ڶʩֻ̩¹˹֮սǰһ죬ȸֻۣȫߺ͵Ա롣
ֻ¹˹֮սϣȫصߣӿȸۣˣֳܹӪ
һӪȫصĵԱΪ
ȻǲǹǺڰһԱʥ¹˹һĴڣ׷Ϊ¹˹Ȼȡһսʤ
ڶӪĳԱȫصߣǵʵڻ֮£СĳԱ
ĳԱȻ෴ȫصߣϣֻܹһսʤͬʱҲΪ֯ȫѧƶߵֻĿһ㡣
Ӫռ˾Ǿڸۿڵͷϣ˴ףмžߡ
̩Ϊ˽Ӫֿȷˮˮ
֮⣬Ϊ˷ֹͻ̩Ӫ֮䰲˴ľʿֵ̩ĳԱȫװ
Ȼ
ˣ˫ӪˣҲڽп֮
¹˹ʤ
ؽ߸ȫ֣Ϊף
ڰһˣһǴ˼Ѫһ㼤׷״һʡ
ֻĴʦʤ
аѹֻĴʦһ˽
ȫصҲʾзƲȺڰԱӪ
һʱ䣬˫жԽԽŨһԲϾҪ̵ļƣмЩ̩սʿֵ̩ĳԱľս
ԤǣֻҪ˫Ӫ̵ĻǸ޷
ȺڰԱӪȫصӪԣӪҪĶࡣ
ȫ󶥼ĳԱ֯˹¼塢ƿ˼ȵȣڸۿͷ
ȻǰͬһսĽ棬ͬʱҲ˼һսǷ᳹˺ͺڰս
ϯߴʦΪһսֻĺͰ¹˹һʤ
֮£˹¼峤̲סϯʵ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ȫˣ׷׽ĿͶϯߣȴϯߵĻش
һУֻΪϯǽ֯ƶߣյϢ޷ģ֮ơĿܸעӡ
֪
ԤϵǣϯûжԴжϣǵҡͷ

ϯߵĻشڳ˶ЩȻ
ΨվϯԵ
֪Լүүð¹˹ʤ
Ҳ֪Լүүû˵жϣǱ鷳
Ϊһսֱ˺ͺڰս𣿡
ݵľȹ˹¼峤ٴοѯʣ֪֪𰸣Ϊղûеõϯߵ𸴶е
Ȼ
һΣϯӦɫһ䡣
Ϊһ̾ǸӦһǿֲϢ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ǽĿͶϢԴȻһɫӰͻȻӸۿڵһط뺣棬Ȼ̤˶УȺۼĺ漱
£ٶȼ죬ϯߵ˶޷ӰֻܿһںϯͬʱӦǵϢƶ
¹˹
޷ӰӰжжϳǵɫӰǰ¹˹
ΪǿֻΪȫѧ˵Ļ᳤˵ģȻǴһִͬ
·Ϊӡ֤ǵжƵģܿģǵɫӰͣ½ŲȻϥںϣͬɮ붨һ㣬һ
ϻźɫͨ˺һȫ޷ģʵǿ߿Կ塣
ǰ¹˹ˣ
¹˹˾Ȼôˣ
¹˹˶ǰǺεȵİţ

ڰӪ֮вǿߣ˿˰¹˹ģ´ڣȻ˲ЩڰĳԱˣǼشС
Ȼ
ǵĺܿ㱻һѹȥ
ֻ֪ͨģ
ϣ¹˹ͻȻڣͬһںϿը졣
֮ս죬¹˹ȵִֻ̣




1944 սʿĻ
ټȸۣ¹˹ͬһը죬쳹ÿһ˵Ķϣþòɢ
£¹˹ϥںϣͬɮ붨һ㣬һɫȥءǿֲ
~
¹˹䣡
¹˹˱ؽɱƻģ

ܿģͷЩڰĳԱǴ˼Ѫһ㣬۸ߺ
ǿ¹˹һǰսֱ֮ƻ̣Ƕʵżš
ǸӼţ¹˹һԻɱƻģ
ͬʱȫصߣͳͳĬˡ
һ棬ǺЩڰĳԱͬͷ¹˹̫ˣжƻĵĶҡˡ
һ棬ԶҲܹܵ¹˹ǹɿֲµϢǸоһħĸо
߽Ǹ޷ܰ¹˹ǹϢֱӱϢѹ̱ڵء
ƻĴʦʤ
ȻҲл߲ʣڴ
ĺ֣л߷׷׿ڸͣԶЩڰԱǰҲ㡣
û뵽¹˹Ȼһ˳֡
Ӫ˹¼峤ٴοڣ֮гŲ⡣
¹˹һսԼҲǿӦһǰŶԡ
ڳ˶⡣
үүô¹˹һǰսǿû𣿡
Ҳ⣬̲סϯʵ
¹˹ҶһǰսΪ˴壬Ϊ¹˹ֻһˣ԰¹˹ʲô
仰˵°¹˹ǿߵ潫ƻĻɱҲû˻֣˽ᶪ档
ϯһǵؿڣǻӦȣҲΪ˽󣬡ǿǷȣû֪Կ϶ǣǴ˿̲ȸۡ
ϯߴʦ˵öԡ
ϯߵĻ£в˿ڱʾͬ
Ͼ֮кܶ˶Ǿǿߣа벽ǿٽǻһʱӦġ
¹˹Ѿˣ֪ƻʲôʱ
ʡ
ûд𰸡
һ̣ϯߺڣ˶ڴƻľ֣ӶʼⳡȫѧһĿս

ͬʱ
ƻطΪĻѧԱͶɳʵ̫ŷ޽͢ˣͳͳڻפʹݵдƵꡣ
ǻ֯רزЭģþƵеѧż˵д
طӵյ֪ͨƻĵķ䡣
ƴʦҡ
ط֮󣬵һʱƻ񣬱ֵʮء
ǷأԴƻĵĳݣҲԴƻŴθط
ɣС磬Ҹġ
ƻ΢Цָָɳ
á
طͷȻɳϣЩɻؿƻģ֪ƻڼ֮սǰҪԼʲô
С磬ҽˣȣ۷ʲô㶼Ҫ嶯Ҫڸұ𣬶Ҫػıչء
ƻȿڣˡ
ƴʦǣ
طɫһ䣬û뵽ƻԼȻ˵һ
С磬ȻԾǿߵľ磬羳ɱΪ벽񾳵ۡھ԰ȫ
ƻļڣĵؽ͵Ϊ벽ǿҲǿ֮֡ǸոߣѹߣȻ֮еİ޽ӽڴ˵񾳵ߡ
ۡǹ̾İ벽ǿߡ
ʵӦۡ൱ܹɱȫΪ㶯ƴɱС𡯡
ǿ֮еİ޷ƥУ޽ӽ񾳵ǿߣ
ţһͻư벽񾳣ϣĶ֣
ƴʦΪʲôҪ˵ЩѵԽ֮սûаգ
طüͷüĿ֮ӿֳ˵ǡ
ԭаյģڸղţ¹˹ȸ۳֡ϢѾ޽ӽڴ˵еˡƻɫء
أ벽ǿеİ𣿡
طһ뵽ƻĻɱ׺ΣΪƻҲǰ벽ǿеİ
š
ƻĵͷǰʱչس˵е񾳣δܳɹʵûֻǰ벽ǿеİ
ƴʦȻʵǰ¹˹һ㣬֮սֻʵкܶأҼԻʤ
طıҲЩˣǿΪƻĴͬʱᶨģΪƻĻʤ
ˣҵȷţ¹˹ͬ
ƻҡͷ˵ڰ֮ѧ츳Ϊµһˣ·ȫѧ츳Žǰ˵㣡
һΣطĬˡ
ļƻһƷ¸еĳҲǿ֮һżᶨ־г޵е
ƻĵ뻪׺һսܿ
Ȼ
ʱ˿̣ƻȴ˼֮սĶ֡¹˹֮ߵۣûбʤطڲͬʱҲʶһ㡣
¹˹ǿ
ڣƻǹ޵еЩҡˣ
ƴʦȻһսʤ㼫ͣҪҪ취ȡ
ݵĳĬطͻȻʵ
С磬㻻ңս𣿡
ƻûлӦط磬Ƿʵ
ᡣ
ɲǼ䣬طбӿֳ˴𰸡
Ϊһսϵϵѧź˵ʿսԶսӴʿ
οǱսѧŽܵӰ죬սΪ׵ʵƱֻ˵Ȩ
ûбսųֻսɳʿˣȻ
ƻط磬һһÿһλսʿĻ꣡
طĬͬƻĵĻ
һսұصȫԸƴһս
ƻٶȿڶںëȴ̩ɽսѧ罫ػ




1945 ˼£
Ͼŵʱ򣬺Ѿ֮УͮͮģһȼյĻ򣬺ӳź棬һʤա
ȸۣ¹˹ϥںϣ˿ɫƣһµħŸۿ˵Ŀ⡣
˰¹˹һʼ궯֮⣬ʱ䣬Ӫ˶ڰ״̬
ĵصȴƻĵĵȴⳡѵһս죡
СͷͬСһ㣬ڰ¹˹ͷϿգˡ
Ǹֱʵʱֱƻ¹˹һսӶøƶ߿ԿⳡսĹ̡
ȻΪƻ¹˹ʵ̫ǿƶٶȿÿ£ֱи޷׽˵Ӱ
һ˵ֱۿֱҲ޷ֻ̣ܿ俪ʼмͣٵĻ档
ƻĴʦˣ
ʱĸۿͻȻһ
ৡ
󣬼˶ԼͬؽĿͶͷ·
·ԣȵľ˾ߣÿ׶оվڡ䣬ֹͨ롢ӽ
˵עУͳźʻ
Ƭ̺󣬴ͳڸۿ·ߵľͷͣƻһȣ˴͡
ƻĴʦ
ƻĴʦʤ
ƻĴʦһҪɱ¹˹Ϊȫ
ƻĸһ³Ӫ㴫춯صĺ
һʼֻǻ߿ڣҲ׷׿ˡ
ȻʵСԸѧС˵һԱ˴ǰ˹սҲΪ˸ƻļ
ο¹˹֮ǰ֣ЩڰĳԱǴ˼Ѫһȫص߸
˿̣ǿڣЩڰĳԱػ
¹˹˱ʤ
һȺ׳գ¹˹϶ὫƻĻɱ
ܿ죬ЩڰԱ׷״ŻӦ
δʼ˫֧ߣ㿪ʼ˿֮ǶԼսߵ֧֣ҲϴжԷ
ͬʱɳʵƶ򣬷̫ƶ߼ڣŷ޽̻˹ڽ̲ͼҲ˳
ο֮شʦȻѧĵ̣˺档
³˳Ƕѵء
طᣬڻѧ籲Сʵǿ󣬶ҶԻѧشѧλߡһͬ³ġ
͢ʥŮططıӰɫӡ
ٴطһʼк֮⣬ط̸
ܶΣط罻̸ַˡ
Ϊ֪ط˵ʲôҲ֪ʲôط硪͢ʥŮѣƺ̫ʡ
ط³ЩȫصߺͺڰĳԱֹͣ˿֮ǵĿδطɨͣطϡ
һ棬ǶûмҲʶ򡢿ǿߣ֪Щǿߵݡ
һ棬طվȫķ˿ڣǵըӼܶ˶Ĵ׹һһܹע
ȫصߺͺڰĳԱӪЩȫصĴԱͬƻġط˴ӳ¡
ЩߡڰԱͬһ۾ϳ򡢿ˡ
ѾǰӵϢЩǿ߶սһս˳֣ǻǸеĪļ
ϾЩ˵еǿѾûˣҪἯ
ȻһЩߡڰĳԱһ
ԼͬؽĿۼطϣֻǱͬ
Уսӡŷڡձ̵ʹߣĿ˸޲ô͸ط·طеھ
ǰǰ֯ܲδԸԳؼط磬Ȼֱ뿪
ͬƿ˼ԱطĿΪơ
طƿ˼壬ƿ˼˵սĵˡ
ƿ˼岻ͬͬԲƸưȫŷ˹¼峤һˣطĿԼ
ǰߣԼľԼļط꣬Ǹ̾ͳɾ֮ͬطͬһʱѧţʵ֮
˫˵Ĵ۾طĿгŰĽüĿ֮޷ε˷ܡ
ǵġ
ȻطֿûãȻΪطٴμе
һ̣ټȸۣΨһûнĿͶطƻĵˡ
¹˹
·֪ʲôʼձ˫ۣһϥںϡ
ǹȥɡ
˵עУƻĳ˵һ䣬Ȼ˳ŵӪڵĵطȥ
Ƭطִͣĵط뺣дһƬյء
ƻĴʦ
ʦ
ڴʦ

ƻĴط˵ִƬյ֮󣬰ϯڣĳԱ׷׿ʺá
Ψսձ̵ӡŷڵʹ޶ԣǵĿضط磬ظܵطֻǾǿߵϢ
ǸеΪ𾪣
Ȼ֪ͨطԾǿ߿羳ɱۡȷطֻǾǿ֮Ȼе˼顣
֮࣬ǵһʱóͨѶȷϵ鱨Ϣϱ
ƻĵǰӦĳԱڣҲء
ƻģ㻹īʲô
ʱ
һͻȻ˲佫ѹȥ
ৣ
ϣ¹˹Ȼ˫ۣȫˣĿضƻģٴƻ̡
һս
ȴǰ
һ̡
˼£




1946 ս
£¹˹ϥںϣͬɽ緢һ㣬Ȼ·һħڸգϢ¶ˣ
ৡ
ͬʱ˶ԼͬؽĿͶ˰¹˹
һ̣ǿشʦȻѧĵ̣򡢼ڡ˹ͼͼǵɫһ䡣
Ȼ֮ǰѾõܱ֪¹˹ϢȰ벽ǿ߰£޽ӽڴ˵е񾳣˿ǵܵһ㣬ɫǲһ䡣
Ϊ¹˹ʵٶʵ̫ˣ̶ʱ䣬ѳΪȫǿ֮һ
ΪҪǣǶ֪ƻǰ벽ǿеİʵҪڰ¹˹һЩһս׶༪١
ԣ
ͬʱط۶Ű¹˹˫ȭɽա
꣬ҶڰǿΧ²У¹˹ı
¹˹ʵͻͽҲԴʱʼġ
Ǽ֮󣬰¹˹õ˻ҩϣҳеļҶ²У̳֮ͬУ˿Ըв
ط֪ЩĻ֮ԣҪ㵱ΧҶˣ
Ϊ׵İ¹˹طĶ
˿̣¹˹棬ڳ˼棬ܲۺ죿
οƻ֮ǰط˵ǷƻĽ켫пܻڰ¹˹֮֡
һ£ط޲̳ȥ¹˹򱬣
Ȼ
ֻ룬ܸ֮ж
ƻĵĻ˵طĿǰʵӽڴ˵񾳵ĴڣҪ˵⣬޷
ϣ¹˹ܵطǳɱĿ⣬ȫû⣬ǽطĿ⵱˿
Ȼ֪طĺܶ¼Ҳ֪ڰԼط֣֮ǵ˽죬طҲֻһһĴڣֵ⣡
ΪԼҰġƺδеĴ˵ͻƴ˵е񾳣Ϊȫѧһˣ
¹˹䣡
¹˹˱ʤ
ۿϣЩԺڰĳԱٴ¹˹ĺˣֹ
һߣԻĵڣȫһ̳Ĭˡ
ΪƻĲûǿƻӦ¹˹
ߣƻû¹˹ĻƵģӦ֮ǰûлӦļˡ
һĻЩͨУųı֣ڿطУǵǵı֡
ɱ˱ƴֵ֮⣬ƴơɱ
ղţ¹˹ǿƿڣΪ˴ƻĵƣҲսƻĸĽߡ
ƻ˵Ǿ͵ڱ¹˹ǣűˣʮֱ
һУƻһԾ£ƽȵںϣȻźˮǰ
¹˹㵱ųȫһѧţȴǵʱĵһѧҶĶ֣ΪܸҶӰһսΪʣںܳһʱ䶼Ӱ֮С
ΪеӰڶڰĳԱҶΧ²УõҩϣûҩԴڰᣬų׵һڰ
ȻĺڰἸҶĵӣǻѧ統ǿšط磬ƾһ֮
£ƻһ¹˹һ߿ڣƽͬӴһ㣬ÿһһ
㡭
ϣ¹˹ɫȻһ䣬ֱվɱŨ˼֡
ԣܸҶⱲĳ裬ƻ˵һʱʣԸĻ䣡
ƻľᣬڵڽ˰̣ŭѡ
ȥ꣬ڹһأչѧɾͣ䵱Ŀ·ȷ桪Ϊǵıܹó𣿡
Ȱ¹˹Ļ˵ڣƻٴοڣֱӴϣҸ㣬ǲܣǻоŻаѹЩվҪ֮վ᳹ʧϣ

ٴƻĵĻ¹˹ϵŭ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ЦЦƵģЦ
ƻģĻ˼Ц㵽ԹȥЩ˳Ա˵ɡ֮Ӧкܶ๲ͬԣ
ž
£촫
¹˹һŶںϣһڵըһ޴ˮ
ˮ֮У¹˹Ȼڳ¾һˣ̤˶УһɫĹâƻġ
ƻֱ߽ӿʼ֮ս
ΪƻĸղŵĻЩջҪսйеŭ𣬽ƻĴһƻĸղ˵ΪЦݺݴ˵ʿ
ڴˣбȡ
ƻıһ˲£Ѫ׷ڣھת
ȹƻͬһһˣֱ˺Хİ¹˹
Ȼ֪¹˹Ѿ޽ӽڴ˵еˣûѡֱǰǿӦս
սʿûų
ս



1947 ֲս
ɲǼ䣬ټĸۿڰ˶ĿͶ˺档
Ȼ
֮УطͿȰ벽ǿ֮⣬˸޷ƻ¹˹˵Ӱֻܿ˿ӿˮԷƾˡ
벽ǿôֲô
һĻۿδ벽ǿֵ߳ˣǾĿɿڴֻǰһĻȵӡӰľͷҪţ
ô
ʱ¹˹ȳˡ
£¹˹˲һ㣬˲ӵֻǰ߶ȫɫ֣˳޷ģֻܿˮһźӰ
ϣ¹˹ڿ񱼵ͬʱұȻұ۴ȭȫȭͷ֣塣
Ǻɫ˲ݻŨڵɽģһɫħɽŰ¹˹ȭͷ
䣡
¹˹һȭ˺Хһӡ
ڿնĺˮ˾۳һ޴ˮɽкɫ֡
ޱ
һ̣¹˹ֱӶԼд书֮еʽ
һУɽ⾳̩ɽѹɽѹˡȡʤ
Ϊ书дߣ¹˹ֱӽһݻ˳뻯ĵزɽһݻһˮɽֱֲ˹

һĻЩδ벽ǿֵ߽ˣɵˡ
˿̣¹˹һУȫǶѧ
ৣ
ͬʱطڵĲǿߣɫһ䡣
Ƕ벽ǿ֣߳δһ벽ǿֵ߳ƻ˿ֲ
ǣ¹˹Ȼڹʱ뿪塣
⼸߸ڶǿ߶ѧ֪Ψд˵еǿߣſ塣
֮࣬طͻѧĵ̡˵İ벽ǿǣоӿֳ˵ǡ¹˹˿ֲֻܹ
ط˵ǵע£ֻĳˡ
԰¹˹ֲһֻĲδܣֱӲա
£ڵѪ׷ڣͬһȼյգɢաȵϢƵ֣ȭͷ
䣡
ֻȻӶȭݳһɫСȭ֮ϡ

ڰ¹˹ݻɽֻ֮Ҳʾ
ֻһȭǽɫС·һһֲ˺Хǰըһˡ
Ȼ
ֻ޷¹˹ˮݻΡ
䡪
ܿ죬¹˹ݻˮɽȻֻǰľˣֱӱɢˮ˷
УˮɽδɢֻǼСһЩĺɫȻڣǴĳħúˮɢֻĺȻ¡
Ȼ
ˮɽֻĺȭֱӱɢĨɫҲʧӰ١
ֻһȭɢˮɽȭƲֱӭ¹˹
䡪
ֻ¹˹˵ȭɫСɫħɽײͬڵײը˿ֲ
һɿµֻ¹˹ײΪĳܺɨܵĿըϳһ޿ӣ˳졣
һ˺쫷硢Хһ㣬춯ء
籩֮Уֻȭ֮ϵĽɫС˲ѣΪС
¹˹ĺɫħɽֻǳѺۣδɢ
ǺɫĥɽֱֻĵȭҪֻĵȭɷ顣
һйǿС
¹˹ڵһν֮УռϷ磬ֱֻΣ֮С
Σս٣ֻȴΣңѸɿ֣ȭΪƣǰ
ɲǼ䣬Ƶֻ֣ĵǰһȽɫĴš
䡪
һ죬Ǻɫħɽݺݵغ˽ɫĴϡ
ɫħɽڻΪУɫȻѣδըɢ
žžž
ͬʱֲķֻȭۣǾһ𣬶ܿƵغˣˮ治ը
״ν棬ֻĶвŵס¹˹һȭһúס
¹˹Ȼ˺֮ϣֻγ˽Ȼķ
~
¹˹䣡
ֻôǰ¹˹Ķ֣

һĻЩڰĳԱ׷׼۸ߺǽһ˷ܡ
һߣЩȫصߣǳĬˡ
ûпֻ¹˹ֵḷ̌˽ֻıõף¹˹ȴԭء
ʶֻĵʵð¹˹
ͬʱӪڵĵطһƬš
ЩڰԱЩʵС߶ԣղһУԱ𺳸
ֻ¹˹չֳ˿ֲʵսɵƣƽͷһ
ǣ˶вС𺳡
𺳵Ĳսɵƣǰ¹˹ǳ뻯˼ֶΡ
֮࣬иǵǡ
ǵȻֻĸղŶС
жһУ󻹱ɡ
ζֻĵʵȰ¹˹٣˵ͬһ棡
һ£ֻĽ׶༪١
ֻı
ͬʱսӡŷڡձ̵к;˿ֱ֮ожϣЦ
ô
ۿϣطͬ˸ղŵһУҲʶֻʵڰ¹˹Ƕŭ߬ȭͷ
һ̣ΪֻЩʲôֵһЩѹȥԤһս
ңҲû㹻ʵȥԤһս
ֻģֻʵǾ̫ʧˣⳡҲûмȥˡֱµ
ʱ֮ϣ¹˹ͻȻˣûгʤ׷ͬһ㣬Ÿոסεֻġ
ԣⳡ֮ս˻ɱֻģļƻ֮⣬ҲһսԼǱӶٳ߸ͷһͻƴ˵е񾳡
Ȼ
ֹֻĶԣֱͬһ㣬޷вܼǱ
ô
ֻЦˡ
£Ц֮дżֲңıȴᶨޱȡ
󡭡
ѪǱȼһ㣬˵ٴ·ֹ
Ҫƴˡ




1948 ֻƴ
׻˵һֱ֪ûС
ⳡ֮սʼ֮ǰֻı֪¹˹ǿս׼صھƵ궣طһ
Ȼ
ֹֻĲŷ֣¹˹Զеĸӿ£һ㣬ȫԤϡ
ȻղŶƵ˰¹˹ʽʮգɱḻսǿʱ˵ڶУԻᱻ¹˹ش
һ£ûд󣬶ǹϵѡýƴ
Ϊ֪Ψˣϣܰ¹˹
ڽɵĺѾȥˡ
侲ϡ㡣
Щֻĵʵдա
ɲǼ䣬ֻڵѪ·𳹵ȼһ㣬͸⣬ھϡ
ȼѪ
һĻӪƬ򣬲˶ֻͨĵı仯²ֻĶսдȼѪ
ֻôսȼѪ
սʹ߾ڣͬʱĿͶ˿طˣʡ
͸֧Ǳʱսֹһ֣ȼѪҲսС
Ⱥ֮УɨսʹһۣʦõսȼѪ֪Ҫ١
£ձŲĿ⣬¿ֻģüĿ֮ŵǡ
ֻĵĵӣֻĵĶӡ
˽ֻģҲ˽
ֻڡ׻ȭĻϣں˻֯εġȭͻѧպġȭдĿֲѧھķ߶ס
֮⣬ֻΪﵽѣصǱоר书Ѫط
ھķѪطֻǿɱﵡ
ͬսһֻĴ˿Ѫطмصĸã͸֧ǱȫѪɿݡߵͷ
տֻĺͰ¹˹ʵֻ࣬ҪȡôսʤҪϧһдƴ
һֻܹƾɱ¹˹ҲҲˡ
ԣ
ͬʱط˫ֲɽգǽڶЩס
Ҳ֪
׺ǰ׻Ƶɱط磬ֻغ뻪׺սƾ衮׺شط罫׺ɱ
磬ֻط罻̸֮ط磬ͬʱѪط
ھķõġ׻ȭġ
ĳ˵ֻ书׻ȭ桢档
ֻĵʱط֮󣬻صضһ仰
С磬ƴҪѪط
ѪطпԶʱսѪԭһ͸֧úء
һ̣ط粻ɻֻ֮ǰ˵ĻüĿ֮ĵǸŨˣ
طգشʦȻѧ̣ҲʶֻҪƴһսͬǲѣûһ˿ֹ
ΪǶֻ֪ƴĻûκλʤϣɡ
ڵ֮⣬Ҳӿֳ˾֮顣
ֻΪ֯˺ȫѧ˵Ļ᳤ν˾Ϲᣡ
ϣֻǷڵѪںһ𣬻һѪɫֻ֡
ǿ״̬ô
֮⣬¹˹Ȼֻģͬϣؿڡ
ȻֻܹܵĵϢǿ˲٣δϣò⡪ֻĴ˿̵ǿ̶ȣȫһսӶ޷ﵽǱĿġ
ৣ
Ӧ¹˹һƿ
ֻûпڣһֱ¹˹
£ŨΣֻİͬһѪɫٶȼ죬֮˺ѣˮɽ˳ϯƱ֮ǰӺƵ

Ρ⣬չ
һ̣ƻĽ˵Ϲ֮סĸ߹ǿչֵ쾡£޵еս⡣
֮⣬ֻĵս⡢ɱ⳹׷ڣгһͷ򱬰¹˹
ϧһдۣ
ߣ
Ʊǡֱֻģ¹˹վںϣһұٴȭӭֻģͬڵһ
ף
һȭ¹˹ˡȭ֮Ϊֲʽ⾳ը죬羪ף˲䱬ֲĻ
䣡
¹˹һȭǰͺͳͳը˾ˮһˮˮ֮кɫ˾
һ̣Ǳǿֲ
Ȼ
һΣֻȴûѡӲգȻ٣һ㣬
޴ˮ¡¡ֻĸղͣĵطХֻµĲӰƬǰ

ʱֻץס¹˹ֵĿ϶ٶȷӵ£Ѹ¹˹ͬʱȻָ̽ſѸ͵ץ¹˹
ֱŨܵѪɫһֻצɢſµ
һץֻĲھķѪ߶ҳʱվѣð¹˹޿ɶ㡣
Ȼ
¹˹սǿףֻĳֵ˲䣬ջȭȻȭӡһȭֻĵ֡
һȭˡȭе⾳磬ɫһ磬ȭ档
䣡
һ죬ֻһץץ˰¹˹ȭ֮ϣ˫ײ˿ֲµ˲ϯķܵĺ泹ըһ޿ӣ˳
һΣֻûб¹˹һȭɣָͬǯһס˰¹˹ȭ˵弸ͬʱ׹˲û뺣档
ţ
ð¹˹Щ⡣
û뵽ױֻ֮ģȻԵסĹ
֮࣬¹˹ûΪֻͻȻĿֲսʧȥ磬෴һʱ˷
ûⱻֻץסȭȭһȭֻĵԴͼһȭֻĺɱ
Ȼ
ֻȫ˰¹˹ĹǷ߶ס¹˹ȭͬʱֻƣһƵ¹˹Դ
ֻѡƴϧͬھ




1949 ʧ
ȸۣ˶Ŀתضź棬ֻܿĺˣ޷ֻ¹˹˵Ӱ
ϣֻ¹˹˵ͬʱ׹ˮУһ
ղһ˫ƽɫ
ֻĶѪطھķ߶֮󣬵ס˰¹˹Ĺ
˿̣¹˹ȷڶҪһȭֻĵԴֻķӦҲΪѸ٣ֱֻƣ¹˹ԴҪ¹˹ͬھ
ţ
¹˹û뵽ֻĵķӦѸͣвһ
˿̣˼һǵʵ֣жԷʱԺԲơ
һ£°¹˹ֻܹģҲҪֻĵĹ
Ȼʵֻ֮ϣҲ޷ƾھֵסֻĵĹ˫пͬھ
ǰ¹˹ԸܵĽ
Ͼʵֻ֮ϣҴ˴ǰ֮սΪֻĵĥʯǱȻֻĻɱ˵ƣͬʱչļƻ
ľ֮࣬¹˹ķӦΪѸ٣Ȼ߶ھͼֻĵ֣ȻֻܿĵƵ
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸС
ֻķ߶ָȫ¹˹ȭһ𣬰¹˹޷ѡ
ৣ
ð¹˹ɫˡ
ʶֻⲻƴҪͬھ
ӣ
¹˹һ̬ѳ׸ı䣬ȫûһʼǸ߸ϵ̬־ŭ
ǣֻľȻ޵زŭǣʵѷɫֻģΣ
ŭͬʱ¹˹Ѹٸı乥ȭΪץѸ͵ץֻĵ֡
¹˹ˣ
˹ȥֻĵĹ˫ͬھ
飡
ֻĵֵа¹˹ʱ򣬰¹˹ͬӰһ֣׼ȷץסֻĵֵ
ͨ
ͨ
ʱֻ¹˹˵峹û˺档
ˮУֻĵֵ¹˹Դʮ֣Ѫɫâɼɢſµ
̶ʮ֣롣
ǰ¹˹ģֻıɳɹ¹˹ɱ
Ȼ
û
ֻ޷壬޷԰¹˹κʵԵ˺
ȻѪطĸãеƴջǲһ㣬ʧѻɱ¹˹Ļᡣ
ᣬݼţֻûз
¹˹˷ֱץŶԷ֣˫޷ֻܶ˫ȹ
һ̣ûа߼ʹȹ΢΢ȻԴȫײ¹˹š
ͷ
һײֻĶ˻ѧպͷ
ֻʵһײȥҪ˵һˣǰһǽҲײ顣
ţ
¹˹ΪֻҪȹѾ̧ȣ׼ϥԹأ˿ֻ̼һͷײٴһ
֮ͬǰһ¹˹޷ֻĵ˫ֻһͷ̫졢꣬޷зֻҧֻͬһͬһԴײ
飡
ٴδֻ¹˹˵Դ׺ݵײһ
ɲǼ䣬Դֱըֲͷ˲佫˵÷ɢԼͬس󷽷ȥ
ɹУֻģǰ¹˹˵ĶͷЩѣѪӿֱӱˮɢ

ܿģ˼ͬʱסΣһԾͬһڳˮ档
Ȼ˶ǰ벽ǿߣ̥Ϣкˮͣܳʱ䣬ˮ²ʺϳ֡

ʲô
ֻ¹˹ЩڰĳԱȫصߣط硢ˣһ
ΪǶֻ¹˹˵ĶͷѪ߰ߣ˵ӡ
֮࣬Ҳ棬ղŷʲôֻ¹˹ٶȽ֮׹뺣Уû֪ˮеĽֹ̡
¹˹˺ˣ
ֻĸղڰ¹˹ˣôܽ¹˹˻ˣ
кڰĳԱڣš
Ϊڴսʼ֮ǰ԰¹˹ģ
¹˹ǿֻ̣ԼһֻĺɣǵģǼֻ԰¹˹һ
ֻĴʦʤ
ӦǵǵڶӪЩߵĺ
֮ǰֻ¹˹ڵһνʱ·磬ǵĳ˹ȵףֻĲС
˿ֻĽ¹˹ˣȼǵġ
ֻĴʦʤ
ţطߣҲ׷۴𣬼ڻػЩڰĳԱҲڸֻļ
ǣӪ˴ĳԱҲʰġ
ط硢ǿߣüĿ֮ĵǲǲʵǿ󣬶ɱ۽˿ɱȣ
ǶֻĶɱѻܰ¹˹ĻᣬҲΨһĻᣡ
Ϊʱ򣬰¹˹޷׼жֻĵս
ֻĴʧᣬڳױ¶ƺսǰ»ܰ¹˹Ѷȳɱ
ֻģǿսô
Ȼ¹˹ָֻ˲һֻ̬ĵĿͷ·ڿһˡ
ϣֻһԲѸȶѪ
ղţȼѪ߶ʹļ
ֻģղŵı֤ǿʸҵĶ֣ȻûƣһսΪֹˣ
ۿֻûٶµϢûбøǿ󣬰¹˹Цһٴαǡ
ǿսһս




1950 ӢĻ
Ű¹˹Ļ£ڵӿӿ⣬壬ݻħӡ
ǺɫŨط硢˶޷¹˹ˣֻܿħͼΡ
һ̣¹˹ͬһħͷգϢӵĿ¡ǿ
ǿ
Ű¹˹καȰ벽ǿߣһüĿ֮ĵǸŨˡ
طȻ
ܹܵ¹˹Ŀ£ͬΪƻĸеǣ
ϣƻĵĸܸ
ܵ¹˹Ϣøӿֲˣұ¹˹Ŀֲɱ˵ѹ
Ȼ
һУûаη壬еֻǼִš
µ
һͺȶȻһը죬쳹Ͽգøۿϲٹս˶졣
Ӱ
¹˹ƴﵽ֮һͬһɫ磬˲ƻġ
֮սһ
һ̣¹˹ٶȷӵ˼£٣˿ձ˵֮ȫΪա
Զ۷սİ¹˹ƻûη壬Ҳûоţںϣ߶ھ׼ܣȻٴѰҳֵĻᡣ
ৣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬¹˹ɱƻǰ˫ֿٻ裬ɫ˲䱩ӿǰһĴֵָĺɫ
ಣಣಡ
󡭡
¹˹˫ȻǰһƣЩݻĺɫ˲ڳһŴƻϯȥ

һĻط硢شʦڣ˶ɵˣ
ԭ¹˹֮ǰܹò壬Ѿ߸Ƕѧ֪Ǹе
˿̣¹˹֪ʲôʽȻе幥
Ǵ˵ǿ߲еֶΣ
Σգ
ƻͬеͷΣ
Ǹ¹˹һֲܹ濹ġ
ӿֳͷͬʱƻƾǿսܺɱ飬ͼ
Ȼ
ݻĺɫϸߣƶٶȫƻĵ
£ƻĵӸոŲ㱻ǵصĺɫϸ߲ơ
ڰ
ʱ¹˹һͺȣ˫ٴλӶЩɫٴӿȻȫĿɿڴעУһƻС
ƣ
ƻĸܵ˾޴Σ²ϧһдȼѪ͸֧߶ھͬʱӶȭһȭɫݻ
ɲǼ䣬ƻڵ׿񱩣ӿұۣȭ
Ѫɫݻһƻȭ档
Ѫɫͷس˺ɫݻ
䡪
һ촫ƻһȭкɫݻѪɫ˲ѣʧӰ١
һȭƻδܺ俪ɫ
ˣ
һĻط硢ڣ˶ΪƻĽĴΣա
ƻģͽʵƿڰ
·Ϊӡ֤ǵжƵģ¹˹·ϣЦŶƻģ㽫Ϊһںڰˣҫ
£¹˹˫ٴλӶǺɫȻСƻļѹ

ɫУƻĲδԴУսɱ۵սʿӱֱǹ˫ͨشһٴλӶԼȭ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һȭȭ
ƻһȭȭȭֲɫβƣҼСѹɱƻġ
ƻҪˣ
¹˹˱ʤ
¹˹޵У
һĻۿЩڰˣ𾪹󣬷׷׼ش
ڣȫصߣͳͳĬˡ
Ƕƻĸ޷Ƶ¹˹ĺڰͬǿֻ֮ܺʱˡ
ʦ
ͬʱӪҲʶһ㣬һʹش
Σ
գѧҲ׷׽ŵش
ǼȵƻģҲַͨʽƻģϣƻܹΣΪ˲ͻƻʵƵ¹˹ĺڰһٽ¹˹ɱ
״ʦο첻ˣҪҪ־
֮⣬ڽ顣
һʹ࣬ž֮еƻģĿ˸鲻ϱ仯ĳ
ʦλʦ֮սκ˲øԤѧ粻ĵĹ涨
ϣƻڷȼѪ߶ھӶȭɫͬʱ𣬡ƻĿսѧȫѧˡ˵ܻ٣
ɲǼ䣬ƻĵĴ쳹أ
ɿ˽յ˫ȭر˫ۡ
˳ָԤӪƻġ
Ϊ֣ҲûκΰտƵ¹˹ĺڰƻľȳ
ΪҪǣƻĸղŴֻҪ˳ָԤһսܹȳƻģѧ硢ȫѧˡ˵Ҳ׻ˣ
֮⣬ľٶش˵ʿδǳս
ƴʦ
ۿ˫ۣطҲ絶
˫ȭգ̲סƻĴͼƻ˵ʲôԺȴһƬհס
С磬ס֮ǰ˵һУԼĵδػ
ʱƻĵٴ𣬴طĻ
ɫֹͣ˻Ӷȭ
ǲȭǻӲˡ
˿̵ѵȻ޴棬ͷʼûףƤøɿݣ˲ʮꡣ
ȼеѪľеھ˿Ѫطĸóˡû˿û¹˹߶ĺڰ֮УҲ޷ȥˡ
Ȼ
ˣȻӱֱںϣû˿η;š
֮ʣû¼
Ϊǻսʿļ
Ҳǻѧļ
ĵļ
գƻսǿҼţаѹֻҪŽһ£𣡣
ڰ֣ƻֱͦԼļͷηؿǰİ¹˹þȫ
ۡ
Ѫ
ϣɫѹƻĵ˲ըһѪ
һ졣
ȫĿս
ƻƴߣսʬ޴档


1951 ʬ
ϣƻĵըһѪ˺ͺϯķʧӰ١
ͬʱ¹˹˫ֻӶһɫѸٻصڡ
ɫɢ˶ؿһɫ۵İ¹˹Ȼںϣޱ飬ĿһУһħ
~
¹˹䣡
һĻЩڰĳԱһ׷׻ع񣬼۴춯أ˲˸ۿԭеİ
ƻˣ
ĺڶӪЩȫصߣǻߣطߣŴӼȵлع񣬵Ȼ޷пʵ
ǲţɻȫѧĵƻģһַʽĻ
ǲͬӪھ֮¶ŨŨıˡ
ǻѧЩ
սӡŷڡձ̵λʹԼƿ˼ĳԱǵϷǵûбˣһϲ
Ƕˣοֱͷǰۿ̺Ϳˣ
ƻĵӻѪʧһ̣ǵϾ¶Ц
һжͬԤϵһ
ʦ
ͬʱۿϣһߵ
պۣᣬֱӹ˵ϣƻȥĺ棬ͷ˵˼¡
Ϊڹȥ֮УƻĽ䣬ˣιš
ƻĽ̻̫࡭̫࡭
ԣƻļ쵼Ҳʦĸס
һֻ̣絶
طȻ
£ط˫ͨ죬˫ȭգۿЩȣûˮ£ҲûһڵϣȥƻĿͷǾ͵һһϺ档
طҪʲô
ѵҪΪƻı¹˹֮ս
ͻһĻ˶һоӿֳɻ
Ψһ⡣
¹˹
Զĺϣ¹˹ĮҲӿֳһ˿ȣ˾ϲ
ԭԣճ˻ɱƻ֮⣬жļƻǸƻøطйء
˿̣ط֣»
ط磬ɣ
С磬Ҫ嶯
С磬㲻Ķ֣
һʡ
ڣ໪ѧĵ̡׷׿ط硣
֮⣬Ϊ֯СҲ΢΢ſͣûпڡ
ΪǸȻط˿̼ȱˡŭʧȥǣȥҰ¹˹ƴ
ȥΪƴʦʬ
·Ϊӡ֤ȵжƵģط翪ڻӦˡ
ʬ
֣ڣѧͷһ
ʬ
ƻսˣֱըҲĹͷ
һ£ǵûʶȥƻʬԹƬ̣Щǳû뺣棬ˮߣҵȵ컹ѡ
ط練ӦѸƻĲսɳʬ޴棬޷
Ǻεȵıң
ط磬㲻Ǻָܿ¹˹һս
ط磬˵һδйܼҲ¹˹һս
ط϶ңϾ¹˹һƾ

ͬʱЩڰĳԱطĻش֮󣬷׷ֻؿڣͼŭط硣
Դطճ֮󣬱Ϊ˺ڰжд̣ǳΪڰجΣ
ЩطгĺڰԱ޲ýطң
ЩڰĳԱ˷ܴͬʱ¹˹üĿ֮ľϲ˲ʧδʧо˸
طӰͬʱϸظӦܡ
طûЩڰĳԱǽٶȷӵ˼£ͬһӰ˵ƻǰڵĺ档
ͨ
طһͷ΢΢ĺˮȻˮ۾ĿɨķѰƻĹͷ
Ȼ
ط翴Զһͷ³һڣͬһ㣬˲ܵǿͷǰһץס
ͷϵѪѾˮɢˣɭɭһƬ
طͷȻɨܣѰһͷ
طһһںŲԼ壬ֻҵͷ
һ棬¹˹ĺڰѹɱƻĵ˲ըǡ
һ棬طȻӦʱˮеʱ򣬾ƻȥѾȥƬ̡

طȷƻĵĹͷ֮͵شڳ棬һ޴˻
ţ
ۿطץͷѧĵ̡ǣͫ˲Ŵ󣬳˿
ȻطֻͷҲƻĵʬˣԴػᣬȻƻƻĻ
طڳ֮СץƻĵͷץĶȻ˰¹˹һۡ
һۣܶݡ
һ̣طĿеɱŨҵ˼£Ƿ·ڶ԰¹˹˵³ɺޣѪծѪҲɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
һ۹طǿĵĺ⡢ɱ⣬תҪصӪƬյء
ϣʬ𣿡
¹˹ûطеɱ⣬ǵϵƣطҪ뿪ͻȻڣͳ˻ƶˡ
ţ
طͣסΣۣضŰ¹˹ë˭涨֮սʬ
ҹ涨ģ
¹˹һͷȥ
ë̫
ٴ¹˹Ļط˲䱩ŭ

¹˹ЦһҸʱ䡣
һΣطûлӦֱתһΣŵӪĿյȥ
ƻΪ˻ģΪսòҵƻĵͷܶ
ϣҵĻ
¹˹״һֱط磬֪ƻĵĹͷҪɱط硣
¹˹ң
¹˹ס֣
¹˹
¹˹һѧĵ̺򡢼ͼڵˣʱŭ
Ҫ飬
¹˹Цһٲȫ޾ˣòһ




1952 뿪ս
ǻѧĵ̣򡢼ͼͼˣطԼû뵽¹˹Ȼҳ֡
Ͼ˰¹˹һˣ°¹˹ǿҲ˫ȭѵ֡˳Χ¹˹ɣ
һ£¹˹طʱ򣬿ֻǿֹδ֡
˿̣Ӫط磬Ҳˡ
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ

ˣǻǵһʱһΣԾϣ̤˶Уط硣
ַʽ¹˹桪Ҷطһָɱ¹˹
ʵжͬʱҲĪš
Ϊط¹˹ʵ̫ˡ
ǰ¹˹Ҫɱط磬Ǹֹ
һǽ¹˹ɱˣҲ޼¡طΪѧ˵ľ޴ʧ
һֻ̣ڴ¹˹ͶҲڴطܹΣʱ̱ʵٶȣܿ¹˹Ĺ
ϣطظӦ¹˹ϢٳԼӶҲ̤˵
һ̣
ǰ¹˹ĶԼֹ֣
Ȼ
֮ʣûоӴܡ
෴ȻסΡ
ǵġ
ڰ¹˹طɲǣطͣ
طҪʲô
طͻľٶÿ˲һ
ѵطҪӲհ¹˹𣿡
ͬʱЩڰĳԱȫصߣгɻ
ë𣿣
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģطתۣɱİ¹˹һȡ
ţ
طȻסΣطǿƵĻ¹˹üͷһûֱӳ֡
һ̣طһҲȻסԼΡ
ղţҪط֣ʵ̽
֪˵ӵսɱʹˣǷ⸽ڵĻط֣
Ȼ
ط;УûиӦΧǿ˵Ϣסˡ
һ棬֪ƻĴѧս̸еգ֪ػׯ԰Ĺ죬Ǵ˵еˡ
֤ڲϢط
ΪҪǣطֵʵ̫ˣ
طı֣ǿݡǵ޾¹˹֣һҪɵ¹˹̬
¹˹һͣ٣˿ʱ
̼䣬¡شʦнơҶ򡢼ͼڼˣȺӵط
طΪ֮һɡ
ղţ֪޷ֹ¹˹֡
һ£ûоΪ֪ǰ¹˹ĳ֣ѡ
Ϊˣѡġ
İ¹˹ɵˣ
ʵ֤Ķˡ
֪¹˹ļɵԴ˵Ĵ˵Ҳǻһ£ʹɱ
һ㣬޷¹˹Ȼ
Ҳ˵ɱʹˣʵͰ¹˹֮ϡ
¹˹ǵĴڣΪԼ޵ˣֹСΪƻʬ
ط簵ɿͬʱ۶Ű¹˹ȵ
ǺǡԶ٣Χ𣿡
¹˹Цһȫ޾ˣûк󳷣ӱֱںϣͷ԰
Χ
ɲǼ䣬˵Ŀⶼڿϡ
ƻˣΪ֯εĿ˿֮гΪ˵ĺġ
ֻҪһ£Ҳ򡢼ͼͼڣٻѧĵ̶ֻ̳ɱ¹˹
˵עУŰ¹˹ӣû´ֵ
Ϊ¹˹ղȻвط磬׷ط磬չûжط֡
һ£Ƕ԰¹˹֣ƱػᱻΪƻս˹Ȼƻ֮ս涨Զ٣ֽ¹˹ɱ
һƻҫʿҷ
ңսƱػѣٴ˵ָȨ
ৡ
ȿڣطڣ˵ɫ˲䣡
ΪͻȻӦǿֲϢԶ֣Ȼٳƶ
ʶسϢڵĵطȥȻϳߵӰ
ͷ֮һɫӰ
׼ȷ˵ͷ֮˻Ѫɫ
Ǳˣ
񱳺λʹ
ʮʹȫǰ벽񾳣жʹ׺ʹѾȺ󱻻ɱֻʣ°λʹ
¹˹Ѿ
ʲô
ʹ֮ǵһӪĺڰԱЩȫصߣгʡ
ӪЩȫĳԱɫ˲ޱ䡣
Ȼ޷Щ˵ģýֺͷ뵽ǲ˵ˣ
ǣ˵ɫһαˣüء
ǡˣھΧңҲûˡ
¹˹طͿ˵ı飬ϷʵЦ
~
ǿߣ
˵еҲˣ
¹˹ĻЩڰĳԱ˲ʲôʱش
ǧ꣬ȫΪءǿĺڰͳҪĺڰ
֮⣬׺ڰʥ
׵ĺڰԱܹ봫˵еΪ٣Ըߣ޼
͵ЩڰĳԱͬʱλʹߵϯ磬µϢ档
뿪սô
ȵ˵˲䱩ǡ
һ̣طͻѧĵ̣򡢼ͼͼˣǵҲͬʱǣһӦս׼
ղţǸ϶ҲҺܲġǽңұȥ򣬽ܶˣ
¹˹Цһвط磡




1953 бѡ
λʹϵ¹˹Σֱ˵롣
԰¹˹ԣҪΪ¡
һƻĵĥʯǱȻƻĻɱ˵ʿͬʱӾڲĻҡ
ڶ°ط磬Ȼ취˿طͣõطѧع
Ҳа벽ǿԭ
Ȼǰ¹˹񣬶˼ɡˣ
ҲǸղŰ¹˹ط֣̽ԭ
˿̣¹˹񼸺Կ϶˵еû⸽
֮⣬ǻк֣ʶֵ޿֡
ৡ
Ȼ¹˹ĻԿΪ׵Ļѧ̣򡢼ͼͼˣɫһ䣬־ŭ
ǣȫǿ㳲ȻΪ˴ط硣
ŭǣȻвĿ˽ط磡
УԴˮ𣿡
һΣȿӦҶȿڻӦϳŭ⡣
Ȼ֪ط磬սδؾطĴʦ֣ܿ۸ط磿
Ҫսս
Ҷһڣ˿ûб̬֮⣬ѧĵ̷׷׿ˣ̬ȼǿӲ
ʲôЦ
طǻѧӢۺδôߣ
һ򲽽طֻǻѧͨһԱǻѧ磬ˣܽˣڵ˵棬ͷ
¹˹̫ˣ
ǻѧĵ̣򡢼ͼͼҲð¹˹ԴЩ˵Ϊ¹˹̫ͻˡ
Уǿŭ⣡
һ㶼
Ļ£ͻȻˣվڰ¹˹ԣ΢΢Ȱ¹˹λѪɫ֣Եù¡
¹˹˵ǲǸϵĻܶˡ
˵䣬ĿͶط磬Ŀгڴ
ǷڴԴطĸִ˵ҲԴط۷ǿ߾ʱӲʹһԴطԾǿߵʵ羳ɱ˰벽ǿۡ
طӵмǿع
ܹõطϵĹƱ绢аմӮսӶƿ磡
ѧ˴ӲηвҪսս
Ļˣ̬ȼǿơ
ܽط磬ѧҲ´˿̵ƿȥЩڼ
оŸ벽ǿߡŶҲˣǸϾ˵Ҳӵа벽ǿߵսţҸʮƾʮˣǾÿԵס𣿡
¹˹ЦţĿⰤطɨ
Թ񣬻δ˸ӻѧ磬˭ţ
ļ±¹˹̬ˣ
١һԣ׼ûᣬҪҽս
¹˹ЦһһԾԾԵ̬
ղţƻһսоգδﵽǱĿġ
Ϊˣս
ûлӦ
԰¹˹Ľ˶ջ𣬵Ӧս
ΪǸղĿ˰¹˹ƻĵ֮ս¹˹ͨط壬սֲǿ¡شʦ򣬶ûκΰտԻɱ¹˹
ΪҪǣ˰¹˹֮б
֮⣬Ҳ뵽¹˹֮ǰ˵ܶˡ
һ£Ǹǣ˴İλʹ֮⣬׼
˵㣬֮ٸǴ𰸡
·Ϊӡ֤˵жƵģЦſˣһҿȷظǣ˫ڵǿǣ˫ս϶ˣʤһǡ
ڶѧ˾ǿеٮٮߣһЩŶˡ
ǳֻɱǣס
Ƕˣѧ˻δ𣿡
ৡ
˵ڶ㣬طȰ벽ǿߣڵӪˣɫٴαˡ
Ϊ˵Ͱ¹˹Ȱλʹϧһд۶Իѧ˵ľǿ߰ѧų֣طѶȼ
ϾֻҪһ벽񾳳֣ɺɨЩˣ
ο񡢰¹˹ǿĴڣ
ĳӽըˣΪᷢʲô
ͣ٣˵˵仰
ɲǼ䣬طͿȻѧ̣ɫٴο䣡
˵˵ĵڶֻǸеǵĻǵǸе
ǻҪһ̰ӣһըˮһ£Ὣεĳû˽˶ɥʧȥ԰Ϳ̿
㡭ʲô
ŭ
Ϊ¹شЩ
֮սǻѧǿϵǿȫţǻһϵĻ߳˵׼ȷһЩ
һЦһֿƵ٩ʵвζĿ˵뿪ĵʱǵǱ˻ġ֮вǿ߰룬ǵʵըĳһ׵ɣ
㡭ǡ
ǿǿߣӵм̵־˿Ļֱӱŭ˿µɱ⡣
طͻѧ̣Ҳɱڡ
ǸϣߣըٻĳӣĻ϶ңǵѡ񣡡
ϣֱӱȿѡ




1954 ʥַԶݻ
ৡ
Ļ£˶ĿͶ˿ȴſ
üͷһԡ
ʱطǰһվ˿ԣ۶űѪɫֵ
˵Ǳ˻ģʱըӣǾ𣿡
ط翪ˣƽ
ȻյĿΪ˴ط磬طһֵ̱ʮ侲
һ棬ϰߣ²ŲæԽǴԽˡæ⣬ֻʱ̱侲ҵѵĽ;
һְڻ֯ŸΣк֯Ҫĵطбʩ
ǻҪΣյĻʩ֮һ
ڴˣо⵽ϮͿ̿ĽչҵĻػռ
Ҳ˵ӵıʩһġ
һ£طλѧ㳲ĻᣬǱ˻ģţ˿ʱըٳӣ
ţ
Ȼطⷬ˶ʱ
١ϣ𣿷ģУҲɱ㡣
ЦһȻŻӦطĻϵǻô˵׼ǿ
£ָһϷĿֱըһ졣
죬鱨ͻȻڸۿڵһǳ֣һƽԣȻԾ뺣棬̤˳طڵĺ
һĻطͿˣͰ¹˹˶û˵ʲô
ЩڰĳԱȫصߺ˸ҪĴͬųĬע̬ı仯

ģڵء
ͬطжϵһǻľص㱣Ŀ꣬ﰵﶼսʿػ
˿̣ڳӵľ
ڻڹۿҵĵӡ
ϵĻ棬ȸ۵ֱ
ȫ鱨ԱǰȣռϢͨ߿Ƽ豸ԸղŽսֱľȻҲ˵ġ
׳Һ񣬷Ҫ£
ֱУըҪЮط磬һžװϿһŽǵˣһؿŲԶһߡ
˲Ǳˣǻƶߡɡ
ɿе׳ؽ
ǰؽ´һҪ鱨йעԱ뾳Ҷ԰ڵҪĿԵĲ
ؽڵ֪оⲻǱ뻪ģڳڵسû֮󣬱ҹɳ˷ɻ
ĿǰǱĲȫؽֽ˱ɱ˱׽ϵ书ڽѶ
ؽЩ֮󣬱ڻۿƻ¹˹һս
Уؽû˵һ仰һֱޱ顣
ƻı¹˹ɱһ̣ؿһؽ۽ǼһüĿ֮һĨˡ
Ĩˣһš
֮ؽֳĬֱڡ
˿̣ؽɵĻûлӦҲûһ˿仯ֻޱؿֱ档
ɼ״ٿͬؽһֱ档
ؽɵעУ鱨ˣƽԣӵԣͰ¹˹ʹϹʺá
ڻĳӵƵ
ֱָʾҪط˹ۿƵӶ֤Լ˵ġĳ˿֮Уʱը
ǣˣ
鱨˵һʱȻط˵棬ֱƵ
һĻطͿͫ˲
Ǹǣƣȷʵ˰ţҼпĿ˳ӣ
ˡˡ
ط˵ĵͬʱؽڵĻİơ
칫ϣһƽֻ֮ͨѶĻʾƵӡ
ؽޱؽͨûͨѶͨѶĻŻҵ컨塣
ŵҪ뻪ѧ˽ƵͨȻǣĳǵƿ֮УֻҪǲط磬Ǳըٳӣ
ƵͨȻ鱨˿Ļûгŵˣδ⣬ֱתᡣ
Ѿˡ
鱨˵Ļؽڻǰڡ
ͨ紫䣬׼ȷش˵ƽϣͨᲥţڳÿһ˵ĶС
ৣ
ȻؽĻ鱨ˣɫһ䣬ò㶪еƽ塣

𾪵Ĳ񡢰¹˹λʹҲԭء
ǶΪըٻĳвѧ罻ط磬صһӢСǰġ
ΪȷһʧþӢСǿ߰ͨķɡ
˿̣鱨ӵŵͨƵ֮ȴ˻ľ˵˵ӵŵѾˣ
񡢰¹˹˲𾪣
Ͼŵǿ߰ʵ벽ǿߣܳ£
յ鱨ѧĺʹ˵е֮⣬а벽ǿ߶ˡ
ǻ֪ûΪƻļ֯ͣ
οողǸ˵ɳľӢС˻ľУ
ռľѹûа벽ǿߣ
ȫҲֻϲӵĻһǰ벽ǿߣ

ͬʱ˿֮⣬лѧ̺򡢼ںͼͼˣһ
Ȼǲ֪ʲôҲ֪ľνˣǶ֪ļƻˡ
Ҳǳ˿ͬʱо˸
ؽҲ֪ؽΪؽڴ֮ǰδƻ¡
طͬؽɳ˿ͬʱЩ
ؽżĳɼؽһŽ߷ɣڴǴǰʱ׿˳ɼΪؽúƯ
˭
ʱһץ鱨еƽ壬ʵ
˭Ҫֻ㡣
֮Уؽڣʮ㣬ӹɡ
 һĵĹʥַľԶΪ񱣼ݻ
ڶЩˣ̤뻪İ벽ɱ
һ̡
ؽڻӦ񣬸緢ԣ




1955 ս
ؽٴͨƽ崫˺ÿһ˵ĶС
ǰǿƵĻǴĳħһ㣬ԿΪ׵Ļѧǣͷ˲ͨѧʲôʱ˹
Թѧһֱȫѧġǿ
ڻġ
ػʺ䣬дʢѵһ꣬ҲδˣǷ·飬մ˵ˡ
ԸŬǵѪµĳǡ
񣬻ľٴڷɣƲɵʲô
طȻ
ؽٲҲòϣؽúƯղ仰ǿơܰʿ
򡢼ںͼͼˣеһĪ
ৡ
ͬʱͰ¹˹Ȱλʹ鱨ˣɫһ䡣
鱨֮⣬˶ǰ벽ǿߣֲֵһȺˣһľԺġ
ǵݣм˸Ҷǲ
ؽֱӶǷ˾棺뻪ģ
һǶϣһŶǵؿڣݺݵؼ̤еĽǿߵϣ
˭
ٴѯʣſֲɱ⣬Ǹо·ؽǰҪֱӽؽɱйͷ֮ŭ
Ȼ
һΣؽûκλӦڻرƵͨ
顪
ƵͨջƽֱըΪһѷĩ
Ǹϣǽʵʩɱңǵѡ񣡡
ĿɨطˣĿڿϣٴв
ȻƻĳӵļƻʧˣԴطڱصã
Ϊ˿̣ǵʵ΢ռƣһоǿߺһһǽЩɱ˵ǿ߽ṹֶϲ㡣
ţ޷ܵĺ
ο˸ľǿߺ֮⣬ȫصߣ
˻ؿЩ߲
ᡣ
񻹼һ㣬Ե޿֡
ûлش
һ̣ط֮⣬˶ĿͶ˿ȴ
ս
ֻ˵һֱ֣ӱ̬ȡ
£ƴﵽۣս졣
ҲѪڡھӿƼһҪս̬
׼ս껴ʦ壬Ѹٴ˳ˣսѸ뿪
ͬʱطͻȻһ
䣬طͬǣδ֣һֱӳŲ෽ȥ
ǷǡӪڵĵط෴
ţ
طͻȻٶȫ˵ԤϣҲÿһ
Ȼ
˲ԿΪ׵Ļѧ̣򡢼ںͼͼˣط⡣
ˡ
˴ۣĿֻһˣΪ껡յ˺Щսߣȡʱ䡣
ңץط磬Ҫɳһ벽ǿ߰аٷٰ֮ա
һطΪ껵ȡʱͬʱΪ˼ѹνһ˫ѡ
С硭
˲ط⣬æֹط硣
ΪطΪ˹ȫ֣пطԼڼΣյľء
һð벽ǿеİ׷طĻط缸ûлȥĿܣ
Ȼ
ȿĻ˵꣬㱻һϡ
ʹ׽Ǹϣ
˲ع񣬵ϣ´ðλʹ֮еķʹȥ׷ط硣
ʹӵа벽ǿ߰ʵǰλʹ֮ΪóٶȵģʺϽ׷
ǣˣ
ʹһʱһط׷
ӣĶң
ʱҶһȣһֱʹҪʹȥ׷ط硣

˲Ϣ֮䣬˷ʹǰұֶȻӳָۣʳָָھһֱӴʹ
ָ
Ҷ챣طУһֱǿɱС
ߣ
ɱҶ죬ʹһٲ˳ֱһȭҶ졣
䡪
ɲǼ䣬촫
Ҷʳָʹȭײһײһɿµɨķըһˡ
֮Уʹβֹûսֱ̤˶Уֱ׷ط磬Ҷúˡ
ͻư벽ǿʱ䲻´߶غɱдָʹӲȻ·硣
䣡
䣡
䣡

ͬʱһ켸ͬʱ쳹Ͽա
ϣԿΪ׵˵񡢰¹˹˿˴ս
ΪطԷʹ׷ѱ֤׷طĻطɡ
Ǿȥ׷طˣ
УӲƴһͬҶղһ·磬ֱӱˡ
ļ¹˹սһ
شʦһźɫۣսߡ
սʹսֲ
нҲҵ˸ԵĶ֡
򡢼ںͼͼҲڴ˿̶ˡ
ѡĶʵ֮ˡ
Ǵս˻Ǳһ˽ģѡĶ֣Լɱ
ȥɱЩսߣ
սڴ˶鱨´Ȼſɱ

Ȼ
һ֮еǿߣȡƻĳΪ˿ߣֻҪɱ˿ش
껣ɱǸˣ
´±һȥͻɱ鱨ˣͬʱ˰¹˹
ΪӦ¹˹Ӳһֱ֮ӳҶɱȥ뽫Ҷɱ
Ҫֹ¹˹


1956 ս
ǰطδ뿪֮ʱһʮ벽սǱֻоˡ
ƣ¹˹񻹸ԼһʵռţΪǵĶսռš
񣬰¹˹޽ӽڴ˵񾳵ģ֮޵С
սʹɱʹ˵ʵҲڰ벽ǿеİ֮ϡ
Ҳ˵벽ǿ߰ϵˣ
֮⣬аʹڵ벽ǿ߰
ԭط˷ʹ˫ʵС˫ǿǿĻ˲Կ򣬼ڣͼ˲˽ģ˳֡
һֱӵѩϼ˪ȫơ
ǿ񣬻¶԰¹˹شʦսʹ΢ơ
нɱʹƸԣֻм֮
һ£¹˹͵ػ֮ı㣬ֱӶҶ֣ȱҶȥ֧ԮӪط磬ֿɱҶս˵˽֧Ԯ
䣡
¹˹һȭ˳ƺɫӿֱӲ˿ձһ޴ĺˣˮըһſȭͷͬӵɨһ㣬Ҷϯ
ѣ
һȭ¹˹Լȭ֮еɱ֮һ⾳ѣԵ桢Χ㣬ĿҶ޷ҪҶһȭɱ
ৣ
Ҷ챻ʹ֮׼Ҫȥ׷ʹְ¹˹һȭæж
ֻһİ벽ǿߣϰغҲ޷Ӳ¹˹ɱС
顭
ҶķӦѾ㹻ˣǱźˮȭͷУӻƶٶȡ
ʱ¹˹ɱȭ֮Ϻɫһȭâɢſµ缤һҶ졣

Ҷݾ֮ʣ¼ʱϵֻƣӭźХȭâѸ
һ̣Ʊݻ˸ͷ״϶̹ſٵء
䣡
һ촫µײڵըµײΪģͬһӣ֮ըˮƿֲ
ײģµӲܿƵصײҶ졣
Ĵʦлл
Ҷæл
ղţ¼ʱϵҶҪܰ¹˹ɱУɡµھһ
СѾԶȥˣ׷ǣȥнΣգ
ѸٿڣҶ졣
֪ҶںطİΣܹظӦطʹϢѾԶȥҶ׷Ҳ׷ˡ
нǱʮΣգû֧Ԯֲ˶á
һнشɱĻ˫ƽ⽫״ƣʤƽб
ã
ҶҲʶһ㣬ȡµĽ飬ֱнֵɱʹ
¼¹˹սһ
ͬʱ
ۿϣ껽ӵµ󣬵һʱԾ뺣棬鱨ˡ
Ҫ鱨ɱЩȫصߣ
껣ѧǿߣҲ׷ȫڵ򣬷ֹǿ߳֡
ϯûг֣ǴѸ뿪
Ȼ֯Ѿȹطˣڼӵزμⳡսϯ߲ϱֳ
ȱϯߴ뿪Ŀһֱضطߵķ
ǰ˳죬޷طӰˣȻջĿ⣬ƯϳŰû뵣ǡ
ûпԼ̫үƤǰ
ĻƤ˿̿ȻϢȥӪط硣
ڵǡ
Ϊطߵһ̣ѯԼүүϯߣطܹǸʹߡ
һطĵϯߣش֣֪
֪ԼүүĻشΪ֪ʹʵҲӲ淴ӳˣϯ߶طΪʱǵĽˡ
͵ȸϯ߳˵ʱЩȫصߣ׷һɢ񱼡
һʱ䣬ȸ۶ˡ
ȸ۴սĻ棬ֱ洫ȫ䡣
սձ̵ľ̺ӡŷڵĿУ˴˿̶ڹۿֱ棬ͬʱƵͨ
һжͬԤϵһҲڳķչ˫ʵ಻ƴɱ˲ء
һս˵ָȨͱúܼˣʵҲˣûĵĻ˵һ˫񡪡ⲽߵʵ
ƵУӡŷڵĿȿڣԵø˷ܡ
û
˷ܣ
ԭΪսļƻӶʧܣҡ׷սľģʼùˣȴû뵽¹˹ս·ת
Ϊڵľ̵ְϵĻС
ձ̵ľҲˣǽſеĻ˵һ䣬ȻЩźֻϧûֻɱطǸ飡
ⲻҪҪǸҪˣ޷вΪҪǣ¹ǽˣȻδ֣
һ緢Ǹо·ѾطսضָȨսʤһĻˡ
ͬʱ
ĳӵľ
ؽڻңֱͨ濴ȸ۷ľս
׳СԻŻ𣿡
ֱҵ龰ʮֵǣ̲סؽʵ
ûлش
ؽ֮ͬǰһһԲ
ƹ¡
û˿ֻһؿֱ棬·һҲط




1957 è׽ƴһ
ȸ۸ĺϣϰΪҵս˺İ벽ǿ߷ɱһ˳緢˺Х
ۿϣΪ׵Ļѧǿߣ׷׸ϵ˵ڶӪڵĵطȫصߣǵı£ٳˡ
鱨˼Ʋֱѡ뿪ȴ껶ˡ
Ӱ棬ֱ׷鱨ˣƱҪԷɱ
һߡ
طڶغѪطǰ£߶ھں̤˶С
֮⣬õĻҩҩЧҲʼˡ
˿̵ٶȫļޣƶ֮䣬ºˮըγһ޴ĺˣںϷɿƶ
ط׵ĵطʹͬٶȶõ£һ㣬겻ɢ׷ط硣
ɫͬһɫĹâƶͬһ޴ĺˡ
£ʹϳ𾪣
Ƿ𾪣Դطٶȣ
ΪطͻȻߣһֲ´ʹ׷ʱطѾӳȥüˡ
׵ľ룬ڷʹԣֻ輸
ʹΪܿ׷ط硣
Ȼ
طٶȫ˷ʹ
ǵġ
·ʹ֪ط˺ܶഫ˵羳ɱ벽ǿۡȻû뵽طٶȾȻ쵽˵زٶ˼£Ŀǰط֮ľ뻹ԶԶһ룡
Ҫ֪ǰ벽ǿ֮еİ
ҡ֮Уóٶȵģ
Ժŵ˵ٶȫ벽ǿ֮߰Уһġ
Ҳ׷طԭ
ϣͽӲģ
ʹطٶ֮࣬һŭȣַʽطʩѹ
ûлӦ
طûʹĻƵģٿ񱼡
Ȼ֪Լվᱻʹ׷ϣŷʹȸԽԶԿ˱Խа
Ҳܹڴս֮ΨһܹΪġ
ףһʮףһס
ʱţʹط֮ľ롣
ϣ㻹Ӷã
ʹطľ̵ֻһ׵ʱٴοȡ
ûлشط罫ĿͶǰһ졣
طֻһҵľ룬ҼϤ
̩ߵ˽˵죡
ط类ϳģΪӪ£Ѫϴɽׯڴʹɱ̩֮Ƶ̩ߣ硣
һսطϹ̩߱չصĵ죬ڵõ̩Ĺ̩ȭҽ̩ȭѪط롶ȭѪطںϣдԼѪط
ǰĵ֮طͻȻͣ˽ŲסΡ
һ̣ͣ
١ϣôˣб£Ӱ
ȻطסΣʹһ̲סϷʵЦǸоһè׽Ϸ
ԷʹϷʣطֳĬھӿѪ׷ڣ˵Ҳ֮
ǡϣƴô
ʹطƱ仯ٴϷʵЦ

һΣӦʹһƿ
ϣطӰȻ֮䶯ˡ
֮ǰֱ˷ʹԷʹ
ɽס
һ̵ط磬ٶȴﵽǰδеļ£˲Ϣ֮䣬˵˷ʹǰ
ţ
طʹԭδϣһϷʣ׼£Ȼط׽
ܿ죬ıˣ
ΪزطϢڵִǰʱͻȻ˸ı䡣
ɲǼ䣬طɢŻߡŵϢ
ϢӰ쵽˷ʹоԼĺһƬأҲһƬأûκεֻŨҵ
ʱ
䣡
طӭŷʹһȭ
ǹʽ

ط粢֪ʹʵǿʲôز֪ԼֻһγֵĻᣬʶһֱ㶯ԼƴɱС
ɲǼ䣬طѪ׷ڣҪȼһ㣬ھ̵ͬĺˮӿұۣȭ֮ϣɢſµ
ߣ
Ϊ벽ǿ֮еİʹ־ǿľֻ΢һ£˿̲طһȭһΪƣһطȭ
ʹһɳɫƣһС͵ƣ֮׷ըƿֲ
ҪһƽطȭͷĳȻط׽Ӷ
䣡
һ촫
طһȭڷʹ֮ϣȭھ˲䱬һɿµкŷʹɫײһһڵըγһɿµĳ
꣡
ͨ
ţͬʱ
طַһĹܾ޴ĳֱ׹˺С
ʹһĽ˺ˮͬʱſ³һѪˮ˺һ㣬ʹѡ
žžž
һߣʹҲ⵽һɾ޴ķ˲ܿƵس˳ȥס
ôܣ
÷ʹе𾪣
Ȼںнֲͬ½أ޷ץأϾǰ벽ǿеİ¸ղһɱУҲһİ벽ǿ߿Գܵġ
ˣ
ݵ𾪹󣬷ʹӦطϢ֣طϢʧˣȫӦ
أ
֣÷ʹɫȻһ䣡
ͨ
󣬷ʹͣһ׹뺣ˮ˫ۣĿɨܣѰطӰ




1958 ѿǣ
ţ
Ϊ벽ǿߣʹĿԶǳںˮ֮ҲܿԶĶ
Ȼ
Ŀǰ£δںзطӰ
أ
ѵˣ
֣÷ʹɫ΢΢һ䣬̲סаԼ
֪ϲκιڲϢ
˿̣޷ӦطϢҲطӰ۵ΪطпܱԼղһƻɱˡ
Ȼʹӿֳ뷨ûֱ뿪Ǽɨܣ󿴵˺׵һϿȡ
֣һȻһͬĺһ㣬˲ڵϿϷ
ϿףԷʹĿ޷ϿȵĵײҲ޷Ԥ⵽Ͽȵж
Ǹϻ᲻Ͽ֮У
ʹƯϿϷϸضϿȣٴаԼ
ͬʱ
طϿϷ±·˫ץ±ڵʯͷ
֮ǰȻԼƴɱС𡯶Էʹ֣˫ʵ̫󣬽ֻǽʹˣԼֹǱѣҾشȫ޷תھˡ
ʵϣܹתھ˿Ҳûھˡڶá𡯵ʱ򣬼еھ
ȻھȫޣطܹظӦʹھԼԶĵط
ͬʱҲ֪Լ˿̵״̬Ǳʹ֣ͬʨӣ޷֮
Ϊˣд߶غڲϢͬʱסһȫ뺣ˮһ
ܿģʹ뿪ˡ
طزһ㣬ûǼ±¡
ߡ
Ҳŷʹ׵طѰԼԼѾһʬ塣
Ͼʹǰ׷Լ
Ϊ׵Ϊ°Լ벽ǿ߼νǻ˼䰺Ĵۣ
ȻطҲϧѪץԼΪԼϵ书
ͬط²һʹܿȥȻٴϿϷζһȦϸۿܡ
һΣʹһδʱøϸһӲȥ
ܷʹڶȥطûжֱֹһӣϸӦΧûзʹϢ֮󣬲ŷɿس̩ߵȥ
Ȼ̥Ϣˮ´ܾãһֱˮ´š
ңǸ˶뻹Ƭ̩ߵĵ졣
̩ߵĵ켫ΪϤ֪ܵͨغڲϢȫıܿ
ʹϺ֮תһȦȷûطټ֮󣬲ųȸȥ
ȸۡ
սڼ
Ҷս֧Ԯн֮һѹСһЩɴơ
ʼձѹƣѽЧһʱɱҲܣǶƴ
ео޴ĸãȻá
Ͼ첢˵Ĵս
ǴսҲᱣȫԼΪ£
¹˹һ¶áڰѽ»ɱ
Ϊµʵƻ֮ϣұȰ¹˹˶٣Ҫ޷¹˹塣
¹˹֮ǰѾ¶Լĵƣ붯áڰɱҲ¡ʼնһ㣡
شʦսʹʵҲ΢ߴѽѷ֡
ȶԣơںͼͼ˵ĶʵӦһЩ˫൱
Ϊɵ
ΪɳʵƶߣʵҲ˰벽ǿ߰ͨ˵񾳼ʵһʵ൱
һ£Ķӵа벽ǿ߰ʵʹҲȫռϷ磡
ʹʹ׺ͺڰʹ¹˹ߵλʹ
ĺĳԱ֮⣬ĳԱΪ˵ʵŽǰ塣
ʵϣӳʹʵսʹɱʹ֮£
ĿΪԷһ͸˵̽ӡ
һĳ鱨Ҳ޷õʵʵ
սʹɱʹľĸұۣҲƿĻ
ΪѵǷнҶˡ
ȻнҶ֧Ԯɱʹʵֲ̫֣Ҳ޷ɱʹֵˣɱʹһжѹƣ
ɱʹɵǣ
ٴν֮û׷ɨһսѸ´һ
Ȼ첢˵ĴսȻİ벽ǿ㳲Ҵ˿ռϷ磬Ȼ޹
죬Ҫط֮⣬߼˵Ӷ˺ͻѧʵ
Ȼóɱʹռݵ󣬻ɱΪס
ΪˣҪɱʹóʮ
ǣˣ
ɱʹһʱȻٴſµɱ⣬һɱ˼䡣
ΪɱʹȾѪҽɱ֮У֮䣬ɱȻݺᣬֲ
ɱУɱУ
ɱʹĿֲڣ

ɱʹƴﵽ֮һȣ˲Ҷ죬ٶȼ졣

䣬Ӱ֡
ɱʹŷ޹Ŵսϵĺڰʿ棬ȻɱҶǰΪԱΪǹȭΪǹͷȭ֮Ũĺɫ
һȭһ˺ɫǹѸʹ̳ף




1959 
֮ǹ
һ̣ɱʹԼǿɱУҪҶɱ
򽣹ڣ
ʱнԼٶȷӵ˼£ȻҶǰһͺȡ
Σʱ̣Ҷǰɽѹ׵ľУӿһС
ЩСߣ۵֮ϣһ
䡪
һ죬ննкХĺɫǹ
ɲǼ䣬ըֲɨķܿըˮХγһˡ
ͬʱݻĺɫǹɢǰһ´˷нಿλ
ۡ
нػӵɶѪ磬Ƭ
Ȼһʱھз޼£ֱӱǺɫݻĳǹ˷ࡣ
ʦ
Ҷ״һʹһδнֻӳָۣʳָͬʹ
ڷнеͬʱҲԼǿɱСָ
Ҳղźͷн֮ǰɵĬһ湥һʹֵʱһ
ԴʹʹͶȫ֣и˺ɥΣա
֮ǰս֮УнҶĲյ˺ܺõЧκʹӵΪ˻ɱҶнȫΣա
˿̣ҶɱУʹͷֻƾֲսܣƫһԴ
ۡ
ѪŽҶһָʹĶϣµֱӽʹĶʵ÷顣
ʹʧȥһֻ䣬Ѫһ˿ҡ
ΪˣʹȻбŭδǺʱܿҶķâ
ͨ
ʱн׹˺Уһ˻
ৣ
Ҷ׷ʹתн
Ϊ֪ղѵĳʱûлɱʹ³ȴҲ޷ɱʹˡ
ңķнƣҪԷнʱоΡ
ʹͻȻֱóϵƷ˱仯ͬʱҲʱֹͣ˽档
սͣ
˽ĿͶˮķн
ڵĻѧ̣׷ͬҶһ˷н
򡢼ںͼͼվڲԶһء
ǿԭ˾ʹƣнˣսӼѺա
ʦ
Ҷһ嵽нԣһѽнǵǵʵ
нô
Ҳϵһǵؿн
硭ĳѧղѧ綪ˡ
нһ԰ף϶˵ţȻһٴ³һѪǻعⷵƵģ״̬ȶһЩգǴƣ˾սǼ£оͳˡ
ȷҩ
ʱҶͳҩҪнι¡
ûã飬ˡ
˵нŸۿɨһۣԼɵ˶Ѿȫ˺󣬰˿ȻϣСܹȥھȪ֮µ͵ҵǰ
ȷнĻ˵ڣԴһᣬֱӶ
طܹȥս塣
ң˽ĵĽǶȽطɽɵԨԴֻҪط粻ɽɱ㲻ʽ΢
ৡ
ۿнȥҶ졢ûٿǲԼͬؽĿͶԶĺ档
ǵעУһ⣬һˣٳ
ʹ
ɲǼ䣬˶֪˵ݣͬʱɴ۾ضŷʹ뿴طǷ񱻷ʹ׽
ǣ񡢰¹˹ˣҲͬżٶķʹ
һ̡
ǿˣʹֻһˡ
֣ðڵɫһ䡣
գ㳲ҪΪ°ط磬õطϵ书
ղţ÷ʹȥ׷ط磬˿̷ʹԹ
θ룿
ţ
Ҳһ㣬ʱǰһڴطӷʹˡ
ʹǸأ
ʱ񲻵ȷʹٽͺһϿա
ˣǸϱ׷֮ʧɱˡ
ʹ֮еĲ¿ڻӦ֮гŲ
طˣ
ȻʹĻΪ׵ԱԿΪ׵˳Աǹۿֱˣסˡ
طߣҲطᱻ׽ûطᱻɱ
쵰
ݵһŭ
ԣطȻһ塪Ǳڵĵˡ
طδͻư벽ǿߣΪľУΪµĵˣ
Ȼ
Ǹϣܹط°ߣȻõطϵ书
Ļǵɱط磬㳲
Сʦܣ
ŭͬʱҶһţߴ
¡شʦҲһʹ
򡢼ںͼͼ֮УҲź
Ϊط粻ǻѧδҲ˵δ˶ԣǾ޴ʧ
ˣԸһսֲʧ
Ժ󣬲ȿҶ˴ӱʹлع񣬷ʹӵǰϥأһηͲ
ৣৣৣ
ȻʹĻ򡢼ںͼͼɫʱˡ
ԭڷʹ֮ǰ˱㴦ƣзʹļ룬ʵƽԣǵĴüΣգ
λнսطս˻ѧʧգҲǻѧ֮ܣ
һ̡
񿪿ڻӦʹͻȻ˫ĿɵùԲһɱڣŭѪծõ˵Ѫ裬õ˵ѪϴˢգѪսףݣ




1960 ҪˣҪʬ
һԴΪصĿڿнطѶ֮󣬷ǵûдߣֱѪսҺ˲ĸ֡
ȫ򡢼ںͼͼ˵Ԥϡ
ԭǿŷнͷʹĹ˫ʵ೹Ӧ취ߣӶʧŶԡ
ǲͬ¡شʦơҶˣû˿ľȣеֻǺ⡢ɱ⡣
Կ϶ֻҪһ£Ǳԥƴ
һߣڣˣҲľˡ
֮࣬˶ĿͶ񣬵ȴ
ضſ˼ӣܹظܵѧǷƴһսƵľġ
ߣ
һ㣬üȻ´

Ȼ˰¹˹֮⣬ĳԱһϳ⡣
Ϊǵ룬˿̾ռţӦóȴɱ˵ǿ߲Ŷԡ
򡢼ںͼͼҲһ¡
Ψа¹˹һƽľе⡪Ҳ
һУֻΪ´ƴľұбģ
һ׿򡢼ںͼͼ˲̸ѧߵʿﵽۣģšһԱ޷ս
ǽϧһдƴø
˶ԣԶȸղŵսգ
һߣ¹˹֮⣬û˿ȷ
첢˵ĴսȻѡơ
οյ֮˵ʿή㣬ڧӼҡ
ЩǶΪġ
ಡ
һƿŰ¹˹ڵİʹѸ뿪˺档
סʦôˣ
һĻҶʶ׷ֿ޶ԣɾؿ
ԷսôǱȻҪѪսףݣȻԷߣǾûгֵıҪˡ
ɫӣղ´ǸȻбطͷн̼뾪ˡ
ΪղԼһѡ˵Ļʿһǧɡ
ԭ˵ʵʿȫޣƱػƣɱ
͹Ŵս֮ͬ
ڹŴսУһĽ죬ͨһʼʱΧصظһ·óڵĵоͰտϣߡ
·Ϊ·
෴ǹڵоͰ·ǵڽоͰձƵ߻ھ֮ƴֲսùһʧء

ĻҶɵˡ
û뵽һ㡣
෴ղŵ벻ϧһдΪطͷнģ
¡شʦ˳Ĭ
ȻǶ˱𣬵Ҳ֪˫ʵȫƴһս˵Ҳ޷ǿȫɱ
οǶ֪򡢼ںͼͼ˿϶п
ߣ
뿪֮󣬿ֱͣ´˳˵Ȼ뿪
УҶŷнʬ塣
ǵ뿪ⳡսĻϻָƽ
ⳡսĽҲڵһʱ䱻غֱǰ˿
ϧ˫Ȼûд
ӡŷƶ߿УĽ֮ƵУһź˵
еϧϹ̫ƻ
ձ̵ľ̵ͷͣһѪָ˴սֹĹؼ
ϧϧǵĿĶﵽˡҪһ£ȨˣһЦ
Ȼ˫ûѪսҲеЩź˵ǵĿĴﵽˡ
һ棬ΪѧϵġƻģˣζţҪˣȨĻᡣ
һ棬ط类ɱսձ̵ӡŷǱв

ͬʱ
ĳӾĻ
Ϊɣڻԣɫףϳž
ڸղţؽֱд֪طѾʹɱϢ
Ϣһѷذײ࣬۵޷
޷ܺţǸԼɽɽѧ統Ӣۺδ꣬ô׵ˣ
һߣؽȻһ࣬ûзκα仯
ƺǷнطûжκӰ졣
ؽֱУ뿪֮󣬱ֱ
ס׳˵С𣿡
ؽξѣʶʵ
ûлش
ؽޱ߳˻ң̣Ųûκͣ١
ͬʱ
ȸ۲ԶһƬ
Ű¹˹Ȱλʹͣ˽Ų
ʹɱطḷ̌
£ͷҲδصؿڣͳɭֲϢ
ˣġ
ʹŵٴιںϣȻһһʮؽԼ׷طľ񣬰طˮ֮Ⱥں
ٹﺣ򣬻ҪˣҪʬ
ʹĻ㱨´ӹɡ
ǣ
һ̡
¹˹ڣʹ׷Ȼ峯ط类ɱĺȥ




1961 
طɱ̩֮¡̩һˮ̩չĺ϶ݵؾסһʱ䣬Եϵһָơ
Ȼط巢ͻϺϻ̩һѧò뿪ȣ̩ߵĺһֱûκǰȾָ
طִﺣ֮ûн̩ǰܹûеǣǲںһʯ·˶û뺣ˮż¶Դ
Ϊ֪ԼǵǵĻСġϸģҲºۼ
˾Իص㣡
һ£طǵǵºۼɣ
طµû뵽ӵ˻
طִﺣʮ֮һ˵˺ûеϺûн̩ߵסվںߣӦźһС
ط˺ˮ֮Уд߶غڲϢͬʱһҶȥƻĲĻ棬Լġҡ״̬ȫһ
֮ˣΪط֪һԼƻĲĻ棬ɱ⡣
վȫֵ۷ǿߣɱĸӦǳ޷ġ
طںˮ֮¶ɱ⣬пܱ׽
Ƭ֮󣬰¹˹ȰλʹҲ׷˺֮ϣ׷㱨δطϢӰ
ǸʹӲһУ²ҲˣһֱںĿԼ͡ţĿ󡣡
˻㱨֮󣬰¹˹Ŀɨź˵
֮ǰѾϸӦˣûκϢüͷɭ
һΣΪ°ط磬а벽ǿ㳲ʧ֣кǲ
ƻĴѧս̸еʱȻϢڷݶ죬ûбκ˷֡
˶ǼǴ˵еģ˶϶Ǵ˵еǿߣ޷ӦϢ
¹˹ջĿ⣬˼Ѿ޽ӽǸˣ̤봫˵е񾳣Ҳ޷ڲԼϢɣ
ԣҸΪ컻ˣӦöĳطڲϢ
ǸϣпҲط
ţ
Ȼ¹˹ⷬλʹǰһ
һ̣ǶΪ¹˹ƶǿܴڵģ
е̺ʽҪŹһ䣡
ٴ´
ǣˣ
¹˹ڣʹٴȻ̶Ժ
Ϊ벽񾳵ǣٶȫͨ޷ġ
ʮӡ
ʮӺ󣬰¹˹Ȱ˱а̩ܹͨ
Ǹˡ
¹˹»صԣٴο˵Щź
֮õط书ˣΪʵҲڲطѧ书ͬʱܲҵͻ񾳵
пһ֣Ҳ˲Ķ
һ㣬ھǿ֮Ϊԡ
¹˹֪
ߣ
ûзϻֱӴ뿪˺
Ȼԣûеõطϵ书ʮźӰ֡
벽ǿߣаƻġ
һ˲ʵˣұؽΪҵڧ
ǧѷĻᣬýǳսʤĸʣ
һӣӣӡ
ط뿪֮󣬲ŴӺˮ¶Դں
ΪԷһ
ʵϣѡȷġ
¹˹뿪;Уͣ½ŲĿɨ򺣵
ڼ䣬ط뿪ˮǵ¶ԴĻȻᱻ¹˹֡
طӱʹ׷׹ٵ˿̣ν
Ѹٵ˺ھºۼǰ£ǰ̩ߵܹ
طٴ̩ߵܹԼһûʲô仯
ﻹѷˡ
طһɨ̩ߵĹвֳ˸֡
һΣطûڹչأѡͨ
ͨһ¹ȣͨһƬ
طͨˣĻѡͨҲѡͨǽڻ飬ֱӽ뺣УȻڳ
ȻطԷһ
ΪƶϣٴǰҲа벽ǿˡ
һָֻƣȫǡһɱһɱһ˫
ط֮ͨϥӻͳҩһԼ֮ϡ
֮ǰʹӲƴһУֹǶѡ
˿ֳ̣ʱ䱻ˮݣѾЩˡ
ҩҩ˿ϣһɾʹطüͷûգһ¡
ҩ֮طóҩ¡
ʵϣڱʹ˲ںϿڵʱ򣬾ҩ˿ҩЧѾˣַš
һУֻΪ˺صˡжദ˺ѡ
ҩطҩҩƿȻӻóǡ
ƻĵĹͷ
طʹ֣֮ûжƻĵǡ
Ϊԣƻĵġʬ塯
뽫Ǵػģڹ֮ϣ֮С
˿̣طƻĵǣԺﲻֳԼƻʶĵεΡ
뵽ˣƻΪ˸ֻع̤ƽصΣ
뵽ˣƻ׻ɽׯԼ뻪׺ɱΣ
Ҳ뵽ˣƻڻӭԼַʽ֧ԼһĻ
뵽ˣƻȺԼ׻ȭĻ棻
뵽ˣƻı¹˹áڰסУȭȻըĻ档
֣ط絶
̣طĴж
Իѧ˶ԣƻġ
طԣƻǳǶʦҲԼػߣ
ûƻģط粻ܻڣ
飡
飡
飡
֪˶ãطۣؽƻĵǷǰȻڵϣƻĵǣͷ
ƴʦģһŰ¹˹ͷȥķǰҲһὫ
ͷط˫ͨؿƻĵǣڣᶨ
һ̣ƻŵԣҲԼԡ
£˫ۣ³һȻϥڵϣʼˡ
ºڡ
ܶʱΣյĵطȫġ
ָƣȻչȫ벽񾳣
Ϊ֪ԼָƳȥҲ޷ɱ¹˹κβսձ̵ӡŷڡ
ͻư벽֮ʱ֮ʼ




1962 
¹˹֮սǿƻɱƻģ
˵һսѧɽϽʥнսط类ʹɱ

Ϣȫ
ʵϣܶսĵһʱ䣬֪һС
սĻ֮󣬰̳ٴηˣֱӳΪ˺ڰԱף
˵¹˹ȻƻķսȻὫƻĻɱ
ʵ̫ǿˣƣȻѹˣ
ط֧أǲ˵ȫѧĲ񻰣עҪȫ֮ڳ

ķԳ̳˵֮͸©˷ܣǸо·Ѿ߸ֵˡ
һУЩط֧ߣһѣǺӦֲ֪λӦ
ΪʤΪΪܡ
طˡ
Ĵ˵Ȼֹ
ȻҲط֧߲Ըʵҷӡ
ҲŻطˣ
ӵı⡣
ڽ֯طѶ֮ǰһֶš
ӵݡ
ҲΪ˰̳֧ͬ޼඼ġ
Ͼսֱʹ׿ڳϽطɱ
ͬʱ
֯ȵһ鱨ݵ㡣
ȸϯ߻ص˪һˣ¿˿ĳϳűˡ
ϯ߿ֲ֪ΰοȡ
֪ԼŮѾط硣
Ҳ֪طȵĴǺεȵĴ
ʲô취أ
ƭȣ˵طû
үүΪط𣿡
ϯ߰̾ͬʱȺȻ̧ͷʵ
£ס۰Ͱ͵ؿϯߣԭϣſֻš
û
ǿֻţ
ģϯߵĻش᳹׷һ˿룡
ȣ߼˵Ӧˡ
ϯܹܵȵĿֻţҲ֪룬һ£ûѡƭȡ
ΪָĽӰˣδҪƿؽ֯
һ£ȱǿǡ侲
һΣطǼΪѵõĥ
ϯ߲Ըʧȥĥȵľѻᣡ
ৣ
ȻϯߵĻ̱ϣްѪɫ
ȣ֪ط羳ɱۡǰ£ʹȥ׷ط磬֤ʹʵǿӦǰ벽ǿ֮еİԲطԿġ
Σа벽ǿȫķ˴ĴۣΪ°ط硪ط绹ţʹ׷
󣬷ʹȥץط磬طûƭ𣿡
ȵıʹϯߵû˿ʴȣǼ˵ÿһ仰õڴȵѣȵӲֹ
ˮ֪ʱѲȵۿ˫۷죺ɡǣطˣʹΪʲôطʬ壿
ӣʳ⣬֤㻹ûгʧȥǡ
ȵѯʣϯǰһȻοصͷշʹ˵ʧɱط磬طпûʬǣ˵ʬ˴󺣡
硭游ҲˣǾͿԾطˡΪʲôȰ˵游أ
һûڵ˵ţ޵øˡ
游ǲġΪĻͱվӡ̬Ҳϲӻûԭ򡣡
ϯһǵط׶س£ӦϲӵΪطֻعû֤սĳЭ顣٣վڻѧߡ
ңû
֣߲Żߵ֣
˵ϯߵЩƺ˵ֺܲ
ȳĬԴ˫ϥ֮䣬ˮ䡣
ϯ߼״һۣûǰοû˵ʲôֱת뿪˴
ֻоſԳɳ
ѾˣΪ֯Ӱ˵Ҫо롣

ɽ׻ɽׯһСԺ
ºҶͶӰǰʾƽĺ档
ѵһսĻѾȥһʱˣ£Ҷû뿪Ҳû˵ؿͶӰǣ·𲻸
У档
Ҷޱ飬·طûдκ
Ҷʦ˵𣿡
ͻȻ֮䣬²˲ϵˮ̲סҶʵ
£һ˴һᡣ
ҶûŤͷȥ£ڣʡ
á
µͷȻᣬ׼ǰҶյͶӰǡ
Ҷٴοڣ£ˣͷŰɡ
õģҶʦ
һȻһ뿪СԺ
ҶϣȻ̧ͷͷĺա
˿̣ȻֻʮһࡪྩʱʱһСʱѾЩˣΪۡ
Ҷе˫۴ʹûջĿ⣬ۣš
㱼䡣
ˣǸȫװʶӵװֱǰȥִĻ棻
ҲˣǸѧϺӣûĸ书Ļ棻
ˣǸ۷ǿߵʵѧͽ׺ɱһĻ
С磬Ȼһֱ㵱ҽĽϣţֵػš
ţţҶ۾ؿڷ£
£Ǹ¹˹Χ²УȫһѧΪ׵̳ûпˣһ̣Ȼ¡
ԼʧȥҪĶ



1963 δǣ
Ȼƻ¹˹һսսֱֳ繫ֱֻиƶ߹ۿֱ
һ£ͨ˲֪췢ش顣
ѩ㡣
ֻ֪ƻĽ¹˹֮սطǰȥս
Ϊط뿪ǰѩʼһϣƵеĹһڰ칫ĵȴ
ڵطĵ绰
ط뿪ǰƻ¹˹һսĻѩ绰
ڣʱʮʱѩȲסˣֻͨ͵ĵ绰
ͣǱߵϢ𣿡
绰ͨѩ㿪żɽʵ
ɩӣûУҪҪ绰ء
ʵӦҲڵսϢ
صд䣬صȥһ׻ɽׯϵ
绰һ£Ȼһص绰ѩ˵
õģɩӡ
ѸӦȻֱӲͨĵ绰
绰˽ʮӲŽֱֵͨܣǱʲôƻĴʦӮ𣿡
ơƴʦսˡ
俪ڻӦްյеֻǱˡ
һսƻսҷнطҲˣ
սսˣ
ԣ˺üӣǡǷأ

֣ԺﲻɸֳطӰ˫˲һƬͨ죬ӷᣬҪĳ嶯һʱ˻Ӧ͡
ֵܣղŷӵδ޸Ҵ绰ѯǱߵҪ÷Ӹظ绰
ۿ䲻ٴο˵
Ȼ
һΣͽĻ˵ڣ㱻ϡ
ءطֵˡ
絶˵仰ͳ˻ơ

ȻĻ͵һֱֻӴл䣬Ȼˤںľİ칫ϣ顱һ졣
Ȼ
ȴûȥֻʩħһ㣬ɬڰ칫ǰһ
ˣ
֪˶ãͻعһĭץֻ˫ͨ죬ſǻʵʲôƴʦ˽֮ս𣿷衭Ϊʲôأôģ
ƴʦս֮󡭡
·ܹ͵ķӦ͵飬ʶһֱûйҶϵ绰˿͵ѯʣ㽫ľԼظ͡
һ棬һЩϸڲһ棬طȥľõӴ࣬ʹޱȡ
֮û˵һֱ֣̱ϰϡ
Ӻų׻ع񣬵ûѩص绰ų̡
ȼ֮Ͳֻѩز绰
ͣʲô
绰ͨѩʵ
ɩӣҸղʹˣ˵
ŬԼһЩһЩѹ޷ֻؿڶµˮǶߵһ䡣
˵ʲô
绰ͷѩ͵쳣ӿֳ˲õԤУֱӴ͵Ļ
˵ƻĴʦս衭Ҳˡ
ͺۣᣬ˵
ʲʲô
Ȼѩղͨ͵쳣ʶ˲͵Ļͷһһֱ̱ɳϣֱˡ
ͳĬ֪ҪѩϢʱ䡣

ʮ룬ʮӺѩһǿԼ򶨺侲Ȼͣҡ
ɩӣ˵
Ͳҵ̽˵Ļԭⲻظѩ㡣
һΣֵѩĬˡ
ɩɩӣ˵ڹȥ֮ôѣˣôˣôøһ
̲סٴοڣ֪ѯѩ㣬Լ
Ҿˣ
ѩ˵ڻӦͣʵڼᶨԼ
Ϊ
Ǹ˴ӦŻ
ǸҲӦȱ𣬻߽Ȣ
£һվ첽뿪˰칫ңȻݣֱͣǰྩ½Ժ
ǸطѶܿᴫ
ܹϢǴȥĴ
죬Ҫϱ
ò˵ѩжϺ׼
ִط縸ĸҵʱһȻҲٵʻ˴Ժ
һУֻΪ˹ȥ
ʮǰ
֪طѶȻԼ鷿̡
쳣ʶ˲Ծ鷿ѯǲǷʲô¡
һóѡ
Ϊˣ֪Ἣп޷ܴǽطѶᡣ
ᵱ̱ڵϣ˹ȥһʱУҴ120ҽԺ˼ȳ
ѩеʱԵĴϣ԰ף˫ʬ⡣
ڴߣ֡
Ϊɷ򣬲ԴǵһַʽĬĬظ밲
ԼҲ˲˺ü꣬ͷڶ̶ʱȫˡ
⣡
Ȼѩ֮ǰжϵ򸾺ѳطѶǰһĻͷûһ𣬸еĵʹ
֣衣
ʹ֮࣬ѩ˹ȥ򸾴к
һ̣ı˶򸾵ĳƺ

ȻѩĻᶼһʶؽĿͶѩ㡣
֣裬綼ˣҲšһؼҺ𣿡
ѩߵǰӣֱץס֣ǿջЦ˵
һ졣
طѶѩ״ζ򸾺ˡ衱
ˣĹ
δǣڸĸǰµԡ
Ҳţƭ




1964 վ
ʱ䲻Ϊκֹͣš
ܶνĴʱ䳤֮УԵ΢
һºȸ۵սȶȣ׽
ˣǺڰǳսԼˡ
طۡ
ʵϣڹȥһǳһʼļ̽İ벽ǿ߻սӶط硣
׼ȷ˵һ㣺طǷˣ
֯ʼûطϢúܶط֧Ϊط绹û
Ȼ
ʱţطʼû⼸˶òһʵ
طˡ
Ĳ񻰣Ҳʹ˸ƣ

׻ɽׯ
ʮ׻Ƶĺӣ䳡ϣŬϰȭ
죬书䡣
ʦþûпʦˣʲôʱ
԰Ƕʦˣ
֮󣬺һɢΧһѯʹطϢ
ȻطѶѾȫ򣬵ǲ֪
⣡
ǵĻͷһ΢΢һᡣ
طѾȥһˣȻԽʵԾΪ˶еˡ
ǵʦڱչˣͻǡ
󣬾͵䲻֪λӦǵʱ˹ش
ʦ𣿡
Ƕʱ׷׿¡
š
ͷ
̫ˣ
ʦغһǿɣ
Ҽǵʦǰ˵ʦͻƵĻͻΪȫһǿߣ

ǶʱǴ˼Ѫһ
䶼ЩĶѸ
ʦԱİɡ
¿ļȿڣ䵽ߵĻ˻ȥ
á
ͷȻߵ䳡һԣ̲סʵС㣬ղ˵𣿡
£һڴؿ¡
ʱطھ⣬ܶ鶼ֱ֪ͨ¡
ڰοǡ
̾˿
طѶʱ𾪶ˣһ˿롣
ʱţ˿ѾĥˡطϴһûĻһϵģ
ҲҲǡ
ɬһЦüĿ֮޷Ĩȥıˡ
Ȼ׼µĻشЩѹ
С㣬׼չˡ
һ˵
ȸ۵սĻ֮ӥԻص
Уӥֱѡ˱չء
ûвμӷн
벽񾳲ء
ӥڱչǰµĻ
־Ҫͻư벽񾳣Ϊطͷн
֮ѡ˱չء
ǰطֵܿŻѧһĴ죬ֻҪںžС
ڣطֵˣѧһصϡ
ӥѾչһʱˣҲǰһķˡ
»Ӧһ˵Ҫӹطֵܵص·ȥѧҫ
á
µͷܹܵ顣
֪طڻѧһž޴Ĵ̼
С㣬Էֱϵڵڡɽɡ֯ǰЩѧ
ֲ׻ƵطֵһִģΪѧ˾޴ףǻѧӢۣҲһ־
ڡɽɡҲã֯Ҳգϣ־񳹵ʧǾԻ׻Ƶ֧֣
š
ٴεͷ¶űˣһĨ졣
Ϊʵ̫
ǸûСУǱǡء
Ȼ
תȥʱȻˡ
ӥԡ䶼ǼΪɫѧţֻطĹâ̫ҫۣº˺ǵ㣬ǵĴڣ
ͬʱ
֯ܲ
ֻǰİ칫
ֻս֮󣬻֯ûаµƶߡ
εݻص֯ʱֹƿش֡
ͬģȫѧǱҲûѡµĻ᳤
Ϊǳս˵ʿأͬʱҲ˱ķѣԶǰŽᣡ
ʦ棬ȫѧǱ߷һ֪ͨʱ仹û
߽칫ң㱨
ʲô飿ʡ
һѡεĻ᳤սҪǶһսͣΪʦäĿӦսδӦԴʩʿʧء
շɿ˵ţ֮бˣҲзŭ
ˣᵽֻģ
ŭΪսıоսսɰ벽ǿ߲룬ȴҪȫѧ˵Ļ᳤˦ڻѧͷϣΪѧ쵼Ҫûѧͣ
⡭ֱ̫
վˡ
üͷһء
ǸѧΣѲŸոտʼ
ճĬаԼ
Ǹսձ̵ӡŷ޴껹ţսĿŵضȨ

̩
ৣ
ͨط˫ۣѪʢھӿ糱
ȫָˣȫ벽ˣ
طԼڵ




1965 벽
£طһӣȻ뿪ץ˼㣬;˳ժһЩӣ׼㿾Ұӡ
ڹȥһôɵġ
һϵĿޡ
֮⣬ûϵκˣԼľӰ죬Աͻư벽񾳣ҲԼġѶ̬仯
Ǹȸ۵սԻѧ˶̱¼϶ݱһϵб仯
ŵϢпܻݻ仯ıӦе
ϣúܶණ׸ˮ棬þƱʡ
Ҫǣʱڻָƣͻư벽񾳡
Ψˣ飬ɱ¹˹ΪֻĺҶ
ط罫㿾죬Ұֻ֮ص˹֮С
һΣûȥͨڹչء
һ棬ڹȥһµʱǰж෽Ѳ飬ûзطĴڣӦòˡ
һ棬طѾȫָ벽񾳰ϵĴڣûκΣտԣ֮ǰǰСˡ
ֻĴʦ˵ͻư벽񾳣Ҫ㣬ֱ⣬ᶨ־ȻھתΪγɢ
طϥڵϣԼֻͻư벽񾳵һЩϢ
ν⣬ָȭ⣬⣬⡭
ÿ书ͬҲ¡⡱ͬ
طѧ书࣬ҪȭΪѾȭ⣬ڴﵽͻư벽񾳵ĵһ
ᶨ־
ָ־
Ϊʲô䣿
ÿһλ߶Ҫǵ⣬Ҳ־ĸڣҲͬΪǿ壬Ϊ˱ǿ
־ǿ񣬽Ӱܷѧ֮·ߵøԶ
ҵ־ʲô
ط̲סаԼ

ڼִ
뿪֮Ȼͬʱػߵˣߵ˲ܵ˺
֮⣬ΪʦҶ𣬻ؼҴԺؽԼǰӭȢѩ㡣
ЩǿĶҲһֱᶨ־
Ҫѡһ־طܾȱٵʲô
˳˼Ŀⲻ俴ֻµĹͷ뵽ǴֻĵĽ̸
ִʦ־ʲô
գطֻͻư벽񾳵Ϣ֮󣬻ֻһ⡣
ػ
ֻĵʱĻش
ֻһһֱػģΪѧ˵Ļ᳤ֳ֮еػص
ҲǷػ֪ܲа¹˹ǰ£޷˵ؽ˰¹˹սսɳ
ִʦϣδػģѵҵ־Ҳػ
両֣طٴаԼ

طзͷ
Ȼһֱڱػߵѣػе־հֻģͷͨ⽫־ȣӶ޷ͨ벽һ
ҵ־Ӧʲô
طٴΰԼ˼
ʼԼԼ뿪ӺĵεΡ
ķնΪ׵ú춦ֲ뾳ڰ
һ飬һδɱȫطԺ֣ҲͷɢͷԱ
塣
ͷֳ֡
һֱΪս
壬壬Ҳе塣
֮նڷ֮ϵնڰԱѣõԼҪĹ
һһΣ޷ˣ
Ҳ޷壬ù鲼˼䣬һǬ磬ҿе壬õеĹҵ־
طаͷɢüᶨޱȡ
ҵԼ׷󣬼ᶨ־
Ҫȭ⣬ھȻ󲻶ϻۺѹھھıþձը
ط׼ͼᶨԼ־֮ٴλͻư벽񾳵ϢھըΪ֡
һߵĿƷΧ֮ڣտԽըھȭϣγ
һھըߵĿƣ٣Ϊһˡ
Ҫ߶ھĿƼ侫ͬʱҪᶨ־ԼͻƳɹ
ȭھϣھ־ǿȱһɣطֻõϢ߾߱Щɹͻư벽񾳣Ҳһ׵顣
෴벽һǵһȥΪǿ֮һɹĸʲٷ֮һ
Ҳ˵һٸǿܹ֮Ϊ벽ǿߵֻһˣ
ܶǿڳ벽ǿߵʱ޷ھըµ٣Ϊˡ
ܶǿΪʼղһ

ط뵽Щ֮һԺϢ׳⣬Ȼ
Ƭ֮طľ߶ȼУȻȭϣھŵߡ
ʽʼ벽񾳣


1966 ȼϣ֮
֮Уط罫ȭϣٿһ˿ھӿȻѹŬ޷ھը
Ϊˣط׻۵ھ࣬編ƣٿͬھ޷ѹھը
δطеɥǼĵھ
ڣطھҼѹ֮ھ˱ը
ھըطĿɿطΧ֮ڣδת
ڴ˹УطһĶãٿһھס;ûˡ
Ӧھ̫ˡ
طţȻٴνгԡ
һΣõھһЩھжѹ֮˱ըԶһΣľ͵΢˺
Ȼ
ط粢δھըɵƣкǼ
ΪΪھαը֮ת
ܿ죬Ĩ΢ɢ˵ȻžĴҴطľʹ
󣬾͵طĨʱѾɢΣط֮Уų֮еʡ
һ㣬طֹͣ˳أ˫ۣϸ䡢˼
ͻư벽񾳣ǴĽϣȴƻ˵ݻٵ
طŸղŵḶ́ܽᣬͬʱֳߵøǿӦǳ벽񾳵ĵһ壬ߵ
γһ̣ȭں𣿡
ܿ죬طӿֳһɻ
ûд𰸡
ط粢ûмڳԣٴβٿھըԼԼøǿ
Ǿ
һδڵγʧܣʧأҲܹܵס
ʱûк֮ǣԷĵسˣ
һһΡ
һһա
طڱչ֮Уͻư벽񾳲ݣ
ɽ¡
֪УطѶѹ˰ꡣ
ʱ䣬缸طˡ
ʱ䣬֤ʵҲǽҲĸִ˵ˡ
ͷ·ȫѧһǣǿʱ貣貹ˡ
Ȼвѡ
ͨһġ
һ֮ͨĺۼ𽥴ĨȥΨѵļ
̶̳ȣߵ̶ܳȳȡ
ҲΪʲôȥ֮ӰԼļˡ
һ죬ѩٴྩ½ԺԺͣط縸ĸסĽ¥ǰ
ʵϣڹȥʱѩÿһ
ĴȻԼĸҶࡣ
ѩطѶʼʱᶨطûһ˿롣
ʱţеĻ
ǣͷѳװˣȥȰǰ˺ܶࡣ
ѩ㿴޿κΡطųǰ˸޷ֱʹ߳
֡裬׼ȥһȡ
һѩûһʰ꣬ˡ

ȻѩĻ򸾶һ
֡裬һֱ˵ģҼû
򸾾㵵Ŀ⣬ѩٴοڣƽ
ڹȥʱÿһ˵Ļ
ȻʱţеĻڲ𣬵ѩĻվи룬Ϊǵľ֧
˿̣ٴ仰ǳ˲
Ҫȥ
򸾿ڣѩٴ˵
ôң
ʶʵ
ȥսĵط
ѩ˵Լõļƻ
ѩ㣬˵Ǵ󣬾ڰǿǷƬ֮󣬼ȫ鱨ԱǰƬ򣬵ûκη֡
һ£Ҳ˵ĻţҲ

ѩҡͷ֣ŵĻһ
Ϊʲô
һΣͬɡ
Ǻֱ
ѩһĴ𰸣ȻֽͲǵĽǶյʱΣܹܿ׷ѷʽƬ򡪡ΣյĵطҲȫĵطҲνĵºڡ
Ϊܹ㿪ڰǿǵ׷ܿ鱨ԱѰ練ơ
ΪʲôҪһֱһֱϵǣῪʵ
ɻҲлԭ
ط绹ţӦòϵǡ
裬ΪƬûϵǣҲûа취ϵǡѩ
Щ£һʱûѩ˼
ˣȻ⣺ѩ㣬ƶϳΪʲôѡ뿪
֣һ֮ˡ
ѩһǵԣ֮⣬Ӱˡһ̫үһʦҶʦֻĴʦֻܹĴʦɶôӰ죡
һΣ򸾶ûпǼѩĻ
ֻĴʦʮֱʹͬʱҲԺڰĺ⣬ᶨͲڰ
ѩ˵ͣһ£֮⣬мҪһ㡪ʱʵ޷Щ
һ£ȲҪʵ
֮ǰѧǾǿ߾뵱ǿߵİ벽񾳣ֻһ硣
㡭˼ǣƬչس벽񾳣
ʶؿڣȻѧ⺺ΪսӴߵľָơ
š
ѩͷ˵ÿͻһ綼ҪۡͳءԽǿľԽͻƳɹ
ԣ룬Ҫͻư벽񾳣Ҫȫȫչأ
ΪϵǵΨһɣ
ţ
ѩĻ£һΪѩķƶϺе
ٴȼмϨϣ֮
ͬʱ
ྩʻ
һͬһǰĿͻ׼μȫѧ˵Ļ顣
ֻս֮ȫѧ״ٿ顣
鷢ߣսˣ




1967 ֣
ٸԷΪⲿڲⲿнáʥ˵ù㳡֪Թοڲ򹩽͢Ա칫סʵã⿪š
һϣٸԽ͢רûˣȫأȫѧŵƶߣҲȫѧ˵ĺĳԱ
죬Ǿۼμȫѧ˵Ĵᡣ
ֻһֻˣѡµѧ˻᳤
ʮӵʱ򣬻еͶƱڣλѡ˽ͶƱѡ١
λѡ˷ֱսɳʵձ̵̡
ѧ硢ŷ޽͢˷ֱκλ᳤ȫѧ˻᳤ƹ涨˴ĳԱΪѡ˵ʸûС
ǣŮʿǣͨԱ㡢ͳƣڹ;λѡ˵ͶƱ58Ʊ22Ʊ6Ʊ
̻˹ΪߣڻҵǰѡٽͶƱΪȫѧһ᳤
ৡ
˹Ļ£᳡Ŀתд󲿷˿ٲ˿򣬻м˿˿
һ̣ؿһ緢΢ЦüͷһƽƺһҲ
Եգһ
ʵϣմӻһʼͲˬˡ
Ȼȫѧ˵ƹ涨ֻĵλ᳤֮һλ᳤Իѧ磬ֻĵڻδ
һ£Ӧɻѧ˴ֻģ᳤ְֱˣٽѡ١
Ȼ
սĲ£ǵûڣֱӰ˻ѧԱѡʸ񣬴Ӷɹȫѧ˵ƶȨ
ĿŵضȨ
棬ҵϲʦΪȫѧ˵Ļ᳤ʦΪǷְݽ
ܿģ̻˹ٴοڣϹ΢Цͬʱơ
ּڱ棬⡣
׼ȷ˵ս֮󣬽͢Ѿֻ֧ѧȫ浹֧սˡ
ǽ̫͢Ȼ
վߵǰ̨ӣȫˮҲ֮ͣ¡
ǣŮʿǣлǶҺսΣбһƱͶңҵȫѧλ᳤
˼ľְݽҪȫѧµĻԻͣȫѧ˷ӸҪá
󣬸лһλ᳤ֻģΪȫѧ˵Ĺ˺ܶ࣬Լ
˵󣬲ԵἰһֻģȻ㻰һתǱ֤սһҹͬڰƱؽ
Ҫ飬ɲȫѧˡ
ȥˣֱӵڿ
Ŷԣʦ˵öԡͲڰ˵ְ
ţ˵ߴ½ٿר飬ִڰķǵĺϢɣ
δϵЦݶδٰ֣
ΪΪ˽ĶȨѾﱸ̫̫ãһжƿСƿȫѧ֮Ҫƿˣ
Сʱ󣬻ѧ硢սŷ޽͢ɳʵձ̵ӡŷںͷ̫ߴĴ׷˽͢һСͻҡ
ߴеߴ¡
ȫص׷뿪˻ңûʸߴ»顣
һԣ˵ĻҪصöࡣ
λԱ֮˿ڡ
ʦսʧ벽ǿߣаֻġ
֮⣬йط磬ȫѧǱѧš
Щ˶ԣǾ޴ʧ
˵ʿҲΪһս⵽شҺڻɣǷܹڰˡ⣬һս顣
ܿ죬㿪ڴ˳ĬìͷֱָһҲһһҵӡ
ʦǻķ֮ǰսձ̵ӡŷڽһ£Ϊûа벽ǿǰȣ
ɫĮӭĿ⣬һһգɳ벽ǿߵĻ˵ʵȫռţпܻὫ
һ¡һʱյĻֻ֪ͨǵֻ֪Ҫӭս¹˹ɴμӣûҪǰ벽ǿߡ
ڶʱǸԵİ벽ǿȫڱչء
ʱǲ֪ǿ߼Ļؽɳǿսһս
һΣڣձ̵ľڻشˣνǵˮ©
ʦʣ𣿡
ؿ˾һۣǴڿСܣȻ΢ЦųûɻĻشһʼ⣬лл
кܶ˲һսһսҲȫֱҶľûʲôشģѧҲʲô
ȻʦͣҾͲΪѿʦˡ
ЦЦȻȻЦݣǿƵҸΪѧս֯쵼֮У˾޴ʧ󣬵ʧλսʿشڴˣҸ˽飬ȡѧ˵쵼ȨΪ쵼
ͬ⡣
Ļ£̡˵һʱ俪ڡ
ͬ͢⡣
̫ͬ⡣
͢Ͻ̻Ī̫ƶ߼ڣҲ̿ڣ֧
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ۿ̡СĪͼ˱̬ɫѿüͷšһ
Ϊ֪ɣչ涨ٿоشбĻֻҪһͬ⣬ôЧ
Ҳ˵Ϳ֧ľҲ޼ˣ
£򲻵ػſʦɳʵԶǻѧѣʲôľҶֵ֧ף
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬˷׷׽ĿͶ˿
Ƕ֮ѧ˳˵Ļɳʵһ
ֻҪܹŽһ£ͬڰĿó쵼Ȩ
ޱӦ
ʦ
һ𾪣˵ʲôֲ֪˵ʲô
Ϊû뵽ȻƽؽܱȨʵ
ڣҲеЩ⣬ǶûȥеԵɣ¶˲õЦݡ
һСʱ󣬻
ݻоսȡ֯쵼ˣ
ڻ󹫲
ʦ棬ΪʲôҪ
⣬ȺʱգƾԶ˵֮ǰݡ
߳һ˹ȥͲʵ
Ϊȫ֡ڧȥ˱ذܣ
̾˿ѡڴǰڻĵ쵼Ȩδս֮档
ԶԣֻǱƵģ
Сûǳ׳ɳѧμ飬ֵΣ
ſȥıӰӿֳһͷ

ڣ
Ȼ֪ǸôţǸսձ̵ӡŷڣ




1968 ͻư벽񾳣
ʱ֣ϦͬһȼյĻ򣬻û뺣ƽ棬ϼȾߵʣںϣˮһɫһȻľļ¡
Ϧ£һƬḧϵĻľҡڣҶɳɳ졣
һʺ¶ȼٵĺϿһˡ
µĹطͬɮ붨һһŽɫ
ԶԶȥЩݻһ˽ɫĳǹط˶У޷ģ
ɫ֮Уطͷģͬһ꣬˿ȥ˺ܶ࣬Ѫʢ
˿̣طӿͬһСһھ֮ε
һݻĳǹڵ֮УŨͬʵʣΧ
طʱ򣬴Ƴ棬һ˳ǹ
ʱ䣬δ뿪벽ȫȫչس벽񾳡
򲻸ˣµʱ䣬壬ǿ˺ܶࡣ
֮µʱ䣬ɹҽ֮ھת
ڹȥһ£γԼھת޷ˡ
ÿһλ벽ǿ߶⣬Ҳȫ벽ǿ߹ͬҪ⡪ΨнھתΪ壬̤봫˵е񾳣
ν⣬ֻҲ֪𰸣ȻҲûǰط硣
Ϊˣط֮ûִŵȥУǽ߾ȫйʱ塣
Ϊԣսǵ֮
壬ߵս
ȫѧ磬طĿǰ֪ܹһֻа¹˹
¹˹ƾһ㣬Ϊȫǿļ֮һ壬ֻĻɱȸۣ
ৣ
Ȼط˫ۣоⱬ䣬ָһһƽɫָӿһɫâХǰǽڡ
飡
ܿ죬촫ҵǽڱɫᴩһ׶
ɹˡ
ط糢ɹϲû̫һ˼벽岻ѣѵ֮οɢڿС
仰˵ÿ벽ߣ壬޷֮мԱϿȥ޷塣
Ψоǿߣſһ㣡
ھǿĻϣܹġںϣݻѧʽѧʽӣ¹˹
£طףԼܹ˶̵ʱڣ壬ѧ츳֮⣬̶ܴΪСϰغԶͬߡ
ÿһ磬Լ塢Խ˸þļޣ
ȻǸǿйأǳ׽ھתΪǷǿйأ
طͻȻ뵽ʲô̲סаԼ
ûд𰸡
ڸո̤벽񾳲õطԣȻ̫ˡ
Ͼȫ벽ǿ߶̽ġ
ʱЩˣȳأ㣡
طҡҡͷղŵͷ׳ԺȻս˫ȭ
չذ꣬Ϊľͻư벽񾳣սΪҶֻı
ɹˡ
ţԼ˿̵սԺɨ񡢰¹˹Ϊ׵
طȻɿ˫ȭվȻ뿪ңڹԡ֮г˸裬ų뿪
ط֮ϵʱϦû뺣棬ڰȡʡ
ţ
طո߳ϵķݣû뿪վԭأӦһС
Դͻư벽֮Ӧǿ˿̣һжĸӦ֮С
ͬǵ֮ӦѲط磬ŵظ߰¹˹ˣӦˡ
ţ
ܿ죬طӦϢжϳһϢǻߣһϢͨˡ
ৣ
ط粻ֱͣһϢڵķȥ
ͬʱ
һСںİͣ¡
һŮһӵİ£֡
Ϧ£ŮӴһ׺ɫ˶һ˫˶ЬͷϴѼñȥ˿Ƕȼٵġ
ûлױҲûͿĨɹ˪϶ദƤ죬Ǳɹ˵֢״
Ǳˣǧȵѩ㣡
ִȵģһ˴ȸ۳طս·һ飬˿
Եߣ
ΪʦЧңҪְǱҼԴİȫѩȥѩ˽˱ڡ
˴Σѩ㶯ȣ˹粽룬䵣ѩİΣ
ѩһҲġ
ΪȻطѶôڰ㲻ٶʲô
С㣬֪ܶ鱨Ա׳죬ûκη֡Բϣ
´֮һۼڰֵĺ̲סѩңҪˣǲȻȥٹɣ
Ҹо
ѩҡͷйǿҵֱ
ڡ
һ̡
ѩ㽫Ļ˵꣬һ
䣬Ӱ֡
طӰƾճѩǰ״

ǰͷ㡢ط磬ʱĿɿڴ
ѩҲסˡ
ɴ۾ؿǰǸ޵꣬ͬž㵣
ݵľ㵹ЦˣЦ쳣ãҲЦú˫ۡ
꣬£һٰʮҹȴͼ尾û֪ôģʼնûз
Ϊţط뿪
طĳŵжϳطƬսĺ
һ̣ʵӡ֤жϣ
ѩ㣬Բ𡭡
طһѩ㣬һǸؿڡ
ɽկڵǻؼҡ
ѩԼط磬ҡͷЦŵشطĻǿزˮ£




1969 ţ
ҹĻ֮󣬾붫ѧԶһֵַǷֵԵĵ̵ƻͨΪ
տСϺŵ⡭
ǴڳŸʳڳơƣǽһ̡
Ժܶ˶ԣ˿̻ڸŮĻֱɡ
ҹʮʱһտſ˳Ķ飬ȥ°ˡ
һУҵĶóԣΪһҵӴһĿˡ
׼ȷ˵֮Ůͷһһ
ǷֱȻ¾骺ݿ
ֻ֮һλʿ͡
طѶ֮ͷһؾۡ
ξۻݿʡ
ȻطѶˣΪ屻ط壬ݿȵλϣƿŴȨʱܿΪ2020ӰŮԣ
ݿ˴ηûλĿڼǿ֮ĺʵĿطѣطĵطһߡһ
ַʽطĴڣеıʹ
ǵġ
ԴطѶ֮Ǳ÷ذ׻˿δϣ
骡Ȼ¾Ůγˣ
Ǵһʼţʹܣٵڴ漣֣޿
ǾͬḶ̹́ͬĵʹ
ڹȥＸ꣬ĬĬܺͻǷʹûһ۹
ݿǺпδܳһʱ䶼һ
Ϊĳ˵ط֮Ŧϵһ
ǴߵӾ۵ڣơڣ˶Щˡ
ءط磬㵽ȥ
ͻȻȻٴνһͽ֮кЩƾͷʶؿڡ
һἰط磬Ҳ֮еһἰطˡ

ȻĻһڣʱ
˶ûлشĻҲ֪ǸĴ𰸣ӿֳıˡ
ءط磬ƭӣӦҵġҴѧҵ֮Ȼ㣬ͲܾҡһûҵͲˣء
Ȼἰط֮ʧأ˵طԼȻſϣʹ
Ȼ˶ˣٵŷ棬˷İ⡣
һ侲ĳ¾Ȼĺ󱳣οȻͬʱſɬЦݡ
һ侲֪ǽȶˣѹ̫ˣȻҲ޵ر˶طĸ顣
һֱط罫ԼһԴ
һʼʱҲǽط統ɸģԼ׸һ
ǣ֪ʲôʱ𣬳¾Լطĸ飬ǵöԸĸ飬ǲŮ֮顣
Ƿݸ飬һֱû˵Ҳ˵һֱС
ǰȻٱǺöˡ
ȻػҲʹؿˡ
Ȼ
֪ΪȻ¾ȶˣѲطصǷϲǶûо⡣
Ҹ骽ݿ㣬ǰط磬Ҳõطİ
Ȼ̧ͷ˫ͨ죬ģ˵֮гĽ
һֱӣûˡ
̾˿Ȼۣһƣһ
һΣΪĺӣ
ݿҲЦſˣ˿˼ɵݣ˵ط˽£ţöð
ǰ
ΪǶϲɱ
骺ݿĻȻһᣬһƣ˵
ã
骡ݿһʱӦ¾ҲˣֱӶƱ
顪
ײŮͬһ
ͽΨһûвһеѹŮ١
Ůԣطϲˣеӡ
Ͷԣطõֵܣ֮е·ߣָǰ
طѶ֮Ȼ֮Լʧȥ˷
˿̣ͿŮԼĬĬضƱ
ˡ
󣬲ͺȾƣϵֻ
һʾѩ㡣
֣¾ƱȻֻȥ
Ȼ֪Ů˴֮䶼öԷ֪طǷݰҲѩͨ绰ѩ֪һС
ΪطѩʹǶԣֻ಻٣
ɩӡ
ܿ죬˰⣬ͨ˵绰
ȻطˣѩطҲûн飬ͶѩĳƺȻɩӡ
ӣҡ
һ̡
͵׼ѯѩ㣬Լ绰ʲôµʱͲͻȻһϤ

һȻ˦˦ͷֻõǰϸһۣȷѩָ֮ص㿪ᣬʵ㡭ǡ衭ӣ
ң
ط϶𸴡
໣
ٴطĻǷһ㣬𣬡ֵûţ
һþȫ·ҪıʹȫȥƵģ羪ը죬쳹տ꣡

һ̣ʹӼлعİű骡ݿȻ¾ͳͳ˳
֡ӣ˵˭û
Ȼǰ棬ɴ۾ʵ
骡ݿ¾˱Ҳ뿪ѯʣ˿Ȼʳں󣬾סڴؿͣȴ͵ĻӦ
Ȼҡ
绰ͷһҾƵط磬ͲȻ˵

ȻطϤȻŮͷһ𣬻Ǵһ㣬ֹ
ˮ˲ǵۿӿ
֮УĿɿڴĬĬ᣻˫ֱͷҡͷʹޣ죬Լ޳
һƨڵϣۣ޵ӡ
Ϊ
ţ




1970 㿪ʼ
طʹ绰͸ȻˣԼŵϢ
û뵽;ȻȻݿ骡¾һ
һʡˣõٸݿ绰ˡ
Ͼѩ棬ѩݿ绰һ̫׵顣
ڴ֮ǰط绹绰
һ绰ԼĸĸǱƽͬʱø׽ԼŵϢתաˡ
ڽӵ绰֮󣬼ѡ
УΪ̫ʣҲ˫ͨ졣
ڶ绰ط£ط֪طǵûͻ˰벽񾳣Ҳܼ
ûнǷݼֳǿѹš
Ϊطѩֻ´绰ġ
µ̣Ȼܹµطѩһ
ֱͨ²űѹֵֿЦӡ
ʮӺطָʾǰȥ֪ͨҶ䡢ӥԺˡ
Уǽڴļعġ
ط确ˣȻԼ׻ƵһԱҪӹطĴ죬׻Ƶͬʱѧһҫڼͷ
ĸ绰طȡ
ãѩС㣬Һܺ棬ôҵĵ绰룿طǰ𣿡
绰ܿͨͲдȵ
Ϊ֯δļ̳ˣõԼȤϢһΪ׵顣
ѩȤ֮һ
طѶûдʱȱռ˹ѩһϢ
֪ѩ㵽һŮˣΪοʸΪǸ˵δޣ
ѩϢ֮һԸеĴܸС
ΪǸⱲӶܾùѩ㣡
۸ѩûֵ֮⣬沢ѷɫ
෴ѩҵϵ츳ȶе̾
οͨѩΪطһУظܵѩطǷŨҵİ
ǷݰԽκŮ˶طİҲԽ԰֪ԽΡ
˿ɣѩΪطȥ
ѩϣĴܸУҲӡԺ
ʶֻ֮һʱϳѩֻ롣
С㣬ҡ
طϳѩֻţЩȣδ룬ڱݡ
ءط磿
Ȼط绰ͷȣĿɿڴһ㽫ֻ˳ȥ
ǵġ
ǽ֯δļ̳ˣʼǿ󣬵һ̣Ҳ׾ˣ
ΪԴطѶ֮˽֯Ѱط䣬ûκν
òţطˣ
ط绹ţ绰ˣ
һ̣һξĸо
ô
ңС㡣
طٴȷݣȻǸܱǸôͻش㡭
ϵۣ㻹ţ
𾪹ȼûҲֱӴطĻЩ״Σڷ̫ˣõϢҪҺͽ֯Ϊʲô𣿡
С㣬ҸոճأĿǰȡ
ط粢δȣȻԼ󣬡һæ
ʲô
ʶʵ
֪ĺȫڹȥҪ¼ԼĶ̬
طֱ֮⣬һ֪ձ̵ӡŷںսľλáȻܲλøá
㡭ʲô
ٴطĻ뵽ʲôֲȷϣ˽Ŷڻֱ֮ס˺
㣡
طۣ³֡
áã
æӦм֣ϳڴ
Ϊ֪طȻľζţطӡ֤үүϯߵжϡطΪʱǣ
ڴطڰǳսһ̵
ɽճأҪȥ𣿡
طȽ֮ͨѩ̲סʵ
ȻɽǣȻٻһྩԶٷһ½Ĳԣٲȡж
ط룬˵ԼĹ滮
ȥɽɡѩ˵
ѩ㣬㡭
طЩ졣
һֱҶûв飬ȥ㴴׻ƵһҲȹսǰʱ䡣
ѩط磬˵
á
طӦȻһѽѩ§뻳УѩĶͷһǡ
֪ԼǷеŮ̫̫ˣû˵ʲôǾ˽֮󣬸һȴѾõĻ

ҹ
ԭ԰ƻͨ
԰һլ
ΪҼ䴺ںĸףҲ桪Ľ졣
ʱɽ
ԼĵģʵгԢΪҪѧĻߣ޵У
ףֻڹ̣ȻΪ˴֣˵ȨҲط˻δ档
䴺￪˵֮дŲмΪľٶ̫޴
٣ʳ
ЦһǸֻܹԼλãҳηĻн
ǵģףֻĺͻ֯Լλðڵ̫ˣ֯ĳԱȱپηˣ׵ǰȵĻһսĽȻͬ
䴺ͷֻĵûаΪֻǲ֪ôȡ
Ȼ
ĵͷԼʵųֵţΪڿ֮£δͰ¹˹С
ףսҲս𣿡
䴺ͻȻ뵽ʲôʵ
սԣ֯ýѧ쵼Ȩ
һЦ·һҲ⻪ѧҫǳսʤܡ
׸
䴺ʱǰһ
ȻΪ˹ȫ֣˵ָȨǶҲѧ쵼Ȩ
Ȼڴ֮ǰʲôԱ˵о˸
ףҪʲô䴺ʵ
Сأɹͻ˾ǿ߾ȥһɽɨļҴڵļˣ
о˸ָʾ
ǣף
䴺˷ܲѡ
ΪǸСɨѧһ֮ıȻǿƳɽ
ʱѧ綼ҪΪ
һ̣ζû뵽һʷǰĴ㣬ѾȻϢĻ
ңҲ֮У




1971 ֮
һ֮Сɽ
СеĻһ꣬ӵа۷ʵͯС䣬ҵӡ
˳һ񳵣ӻһ·ֱ׻ɽׯ˿Ѿ׻ɽׯܽˡ
үطôɣȻɽ·һֱ·޵׻ɽׯſڡ
СͯͣŲԶ׻ɽׯ˵
١׵ĲƸһĲֵҪֿɵáСм
ү˵öԣ
æͷȻһƨգļҡɽɡںͼҴ˶ڣүǺɨΪѧһһˣ
ֻϧǸطˣҲҪүУɾү޵
˵ţ뵽ȥط磬ǵزһ䡣
ǼϲֵһᣬֻϧûлֻطǸ˵Ǹ˵ȵ£
Сüͷ֮г˿֮⣬мֲޡ
ǸֲСġ
СȫѧϣطݻܣΪĳ裬мΪ
Сܸձ̵һһ̣֪֮طɱһ̣ɲֱӱչأҪͻƾǿߣطѩܣΪȫѧһһˣ
죬أ֪طڰǰԾǿߵľɱ˰벽ǿߣȻ𾪣ȻԼгһܹط磬һسӡ
֪طѾˣ֪ԼԶʧȥѩܵĻᣡ
Ҳ޵Դ
үȻ㲻ֽطڽ£ھǿ߾һǸۡǿİ벽ǿߣĴ˵ڱѩˡ
һٴοڣһֺõĿǡ
⡣
СԣѹûȥµѶȣΪһеİ취Ȼһۼִ׻ɽׯеĿǺɨ⼸
ڴүչ
ٴһƨ
Ļ£׻ɽׯſͣ
үˡ
˵ţѸ³ƵһߣΪСš
С³˫ֱ쵼ӲһĿɨ׻ɽׯ
ɲǼ䣬ظӦ䳡ϢĵȽǿֱǾǿߡǿߺͻڡ
ĵϢ˷ֱǣӥԺ䡣
ʱ䣬ѳΪǿߣӵиþս
ӥطϽʥн̼Ǳ󱬷ʵٶȾˣ̶̰꣬ѾΪǿߡ
ԺҲǱıչأǻڣʱͻƻ۷塣
˿̣Ǻ¡Ҷ䳡ڿ䣬ʵڵط
죬½ӵطĵ绰֮Ⱥ֪ͨҶˣ˾ǵһʱأ
ǶԣطûϲѶ
ͬģӭطǱչҪǧ򱶣
Ȼڳ֮Ҳطָʾʱûй¶ط绹ŵϢ
һ£ǿС׻ɽׯ󣬾ЩɻСʲô
ٽ׻ƵǼϲ񣬻ӭӣ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģС˫ֱŰֲͷһ߽׻Ƶһ˵￪ڣ쳹׻ɽׯϿա
СǷʰ˭ܵ׻ƵҰ
䳡ϣԣջؿڻӦ
ΪȺڻѧս䡢սϵӣѧ綼ûʲôøС
𡢼ԡӥˣǸƢȿڡ
ҷܼҫ
С˵ţȻ٣ͬһӰ䳡ڵ٣Ҫ˵ط˸ѾȥˣֻʣǼϲ񡣾ţٲҪҪˣ
£СѾ䳡ıԵΪֻа۷ʵٶҪܶࡣ
СôԴ¿˰ɣҲطֵˣŲţһƾ㣿
ԣһֿ׳յĿ⿴С
طǸ˵ѾˣǼϲô˵С
СЦһ޿֡
Ϊط粻ڳҲΪԸʹȻ
ܸط磬ҵ֪ط촫˵ﲻط磬̸η塣
෴һֱΪֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬һܹһ֮д޵֣
һ޵Ҳ֮ţ
˭˵Ҵֵܡ
ٴСĻ伤֮£ʶҪ˵ط绹ŵϢڹؼʱֹ̱ˡ
С𣿡
ֹĻüСʵ
ҼүսģҪһ˺ɨȫ
һΣСڣ͵
˳̵ľϵСԣţƺؿڣӵչֵ쾡¡
͵Ļ䡢ԺӥЩջ
ڶʱ򣬲ȴڲǿ磬ʵڿɶ
Ȼ
Ȼջ𣬵˶ûпڡ
ǵġ
֮еӥȫѧϱСܡҲûпڻӦ
ΪǶظӦСɢžǿߵϢǿеġ
СǿȽ󣡡
Դ¿ڣȵԭѧ綼ȻţȽˣҲҳú÷˼˼ǿڲǿɱУ

ĻС˺ЦЦһ㣬ЦһĸһϰɣһԽʡ˷ʱ䣡
һٽ
ȥˣһ˲£ѪڣھӿͬһԶžˣ˲С


1972 ֮
졢ء
Ը
ѹˣС
ļѧص㡣
ԲһСѡûκαһֱ㶯ȫ֮һӰ䳡·ڲƿֲ
Ȼ
һУСǵ壬ֵø˷ܡ
ҪǿսСص㣬ҲƺΪСӵԭ
үүһȭ
䳡ԵСЦһһֱӭ
䣡
ձСڼײһʱͬʱ֣ǰֱըݺᡣ
£˫ھܲһ𣬻һսȻն
ٵظ
һ֣㶯ļҵĴѧ̹ſٵصĳһ㣬磬Ʋɵ
һߣСҲʾֱӶҴѧھѪϣһȭ
䡪
촫Сײһͬײƾˣֲľɨ˷
ꡪ
ײ󣬴촫
Сȭֹ˲ѿѪɽֱӵɶ
һǿУ
Сһɣ
ս̼ĲֻӥһˣȻ
ڹȥʱΪ˽ӹطµĴ죬һҫػδصڼͷ·ʱ㱼ƴ䣬ʵ˺ܶ࣬Ǿǿ֮еľ԰֮ͬж֡
ΪҴˣССҶԴѧ츳ѣÿһѧ綼ļ˼£ͻƾǿ֮󣬽ӵпȾǿ߰ʵ
ʵʵǿС
С̫Ըղų֮ʱδҵѪطսûдﵽۡ
һȫԸһԴ
⵼£˫һ֣ǿԣֱӷֳʤ
СڿУֻþһ˺ѵľʹؿҪȼһ㣬һѪˮӿֱǿ˻ȥ
ǿðƼӾķգ̻ǿѪͬʱɴ۾˼ؿǸо·ʣôôǿ
СʵҲҽ֪ߵغҪطֵˣ
ӦСۺ
ȻСղŲûȫԸСǿսҲĽСܡ
Сط罻֡
һţܹԾǿ߾ɱ벽ǿߵط磬ǺС֮ͬսһֻһָͷС
οط磬Ѿͻ˰벽񾳣
Ҵֵ֣һ
Ļ£̲סˡ
ֻһָԿڸ͡
Сûкطֵһս
һĬԵӥҲˣƽ
ۡ
ҪǿС˵ĻֻԼڱ˼ƣըˣһѪ
ղűˣߵѪ˻ȥ˿ȴǱѪˡ
ѪСڿУƾǿֹסɣ˵ϡ
˭˵طһսûУ
С֮ûҩߵصˡ
ƺԣ˵ɵ˺Զһء
طֵˣԡ
ӥٴοڣһڳɽׯʻ͸粣ط
ৡ
䡢Ҳ׷׽ĿͶɽׯſڡ
ҶҲ⡣
Үʦˣ
䳡ϣʮҲСһսлع񣬷׷˷ܵشţ䳡ȥһʱط硣
طû
ͬʱС𾪲ѣʶתͷ
һ̣ʻɽׯ䳡ʻҲ͸粣ط硣
ط粻ڰǰս
ңڹȥȫûв鵽䣡
ôͻȻ֮ˣ
Сͬһľ䳡⣬ؿʻӿһһɻ
ûд𰸡
ܿģ˵ע£䳡Եĵ·ͣطѩȺ
طֵܣ
䡢Ժӥͬ󺰣ϳż
ͬѧܶһǶط統ɻѧһģɻѧĽӢۣҲɻѧδ
Ȼƽʱϲ˵ʲôоǽط統ɱˣĸԸ׷ط硣
ʱˣطǵĹǣǵֵܣ
طѶ֮ƴ䣬ҪӹطµĴ֮⣬һԭ
̵ʱڳɳǿȻɱʹΪط籨
һ£ǶѾ֪طûҪعϢطǰǻǸеױȵļ
ĲǣҶȻ
ǰط磬Ϻ¶Цݣ˫ȴ΢΢졣
¡
ԭΪطʮּѩ֮ǿԼԼ侲
ʦ
ʮ׻Ƶĺӣͬʮּ˷ܵس嵽طߣطΧм䣬ſĵЦݡ
ط΢ЦţǵԴȻˣʼûȥС
ǵġ
Դط³֮ȫС˿
⡭ʹҪǿС
ءط磬ԭǼ
Сʶؿڣʣ֪ΪΣѯʵĿǡ
ûᡣ
طȫСĻ˷ƨȻֱߵҶǰǸؿڣʦ£䣬ӥԣԲǵˡ
ͺá
Ҷ΢΢һЦȿڣ漸˻ش
ǣ
˸͡
δѩ㡣
ط˺һѩƽվһȻ˽ܣѩ㣬䣬ӥԣ¡
Ǻãܸʶҡ
ѩ΢Цţ֡
ֵµʱԭЩţܵѩֵȣѩ貵ЦݣеĽȥ
Ҷ塣
ѩ㰤֮΢ЦҶʺãȻߵҶ˫ץסҶΡ
ѩһϵб֣гܡ
һ̣ãڣûκһܹѩ㣬ΪطҪŮˣ
ءط磬ûҵĻ𣿡
ѩվҶͬʱ䳡ԵСĵٴοڡ
ֱӵĸоԶȻץ

ӦСһƿ
һɫĹâطֺХ˲СԣȻһŴС֡
⡭ʲô
ɲǼ䣬Сһı顣
һ̡
𰸽
Сһ±ƵıУһɿµڿնɻһ㣬׻ɽׯȥ

Сڿ־ŭȫƣ߶ھͼѽɫâѹ޼¡
ȫ߸Сѧ֪˼Ƿһ㣬ʧءط磬ʲô
ССƴķϣҽһ
طڿڻӦСȴ㽫Сˣȥҳ֮طҪ˵


1973 ɱһеУ

֮УС屻ɫĴ֣ɽׯȥĿɿڴ
ѡѵѾͻ˰벽񾳣
СȻѣʶʲô
һ棬طҵңȻͻ˰벽񾳡
һ棬طղŵֶΣΪҴ˵СδţֱͬɼֶΣ似
Ųʮ갡ôͻư벽أ
ţСֳŲ⡣
ΪС֪벽ߵһǵͻơǿͻƳΪ벽ǿߵĸʴԼٷ֮һ
ңйż֪ϴû˿ʮ֮³Ϊ벽ǿߣ
Щưһʱѧ޷
顪
һ̣СȻݺݵ׻Ƶſڡ
ˣ߶ھ壬Ӹ߿׹䣬Ȼʹѣһʱ侹ȻȻھԵ֮С
𺳵ĲС䡢ӥͼȻ
ȻǶͨطµͨжϳط缫пͻ˰벽񾳣ȷطͻư벽֮󣬻Ϊ֮𺳣
ǣط壬һŽɫС֣Ƕһ׻ɽׯ֮еļֱ޷ݣ
գսǶڳսĿ˰¹˹壬ɱֻĵĲһĻ
һĻǣҲȫа벽ǿߣ
ڣ˵İ벽ǿߣܹһ㡣
һĻʹǣ
طҲˣҿȥȰ¹˹ӵľͨ
⡭ܲǼ
ҶˣȻ֪ζʲôͬѡ
ǰطʦط·ߣһطɳǿ
ط׷ߣһ·׷ط磬֤طĸִ˵
գطı֣вԼͬΪطѾǶȫѧ֮ۺܽˣ
ô
طıֶ𺳡ͬʱ䳡ԵСͯͣϳš
ԭΪԼүСɺɨ䡢ӥͼˣпԺȫطӡ
Сһаܸ
ԭѾȥطˣ÷˼ֶΣСɽׯСҳ֮ҪȥҪ˵
һУ͵ĳֱ޷
һ̣ƻõĸоˣ
һԭȥˣôͻȻ֣һҪսң
ӹ
Ӧ͵һȣɷسͺȵ
⣡
ȻԵĻͷһξѣ˵æɽׯȥǸо޲ϳ̵ľ
ܿģͳ嵽ɽׯſڣСӵæȥ١үû°ɣ
ûлش
С䳡Ȼľ
ԭȻܸ𣬵˲أ˿ȴʮء
ΪΪӣǿнڵѪ˻ȥֱѪֱϼˡ
ΪҪǣطýɫݻĴ֮󣬲ƣ߶ھɫ׼Ӿƣ˺ѡ
Ȼ
ƶԣСĵĴ˸أ
һУֱ߽е޵ҳ׼̤ΪҴ˵ĽϣЩ
١үǸطôͻȻֻ֮ˣңȻڳҪȥңѵͻư벽ˣ
ۿС˵̲סʳеɻ
Ҳ֪
СŭɶѵͣΪŭǣƣʹ
£СشӻͳһƿҩţǳԶһ飬¡
֮⣬ҩ˵ȭ֮ϡ
һ֮СѸ뿪׻ɽׯ
Ҫ㱨
Ȼһǧһɣطͻư벽񾳣Ǹطͻ˰벽񾳣
طȻҪǰңôȻȥ˵ģ
֪ط絽׻ôط·жϳ¶ҶԼΪҪпܾܷڣ
ϾΪֻ֯Ⱥڻѧս䡢սϵӡ
ò˵СܹΪҴˣҲȫѧ츳
Ȼ񣬵ɵ

׻ɽׯ䳡
ط罫Լչص֮󣬱ѩһͬҶΣҶס
Ҫȥң
·ϣҶ뵽ط֮ǰСµĻ̲סʵ
š
طͷԭ
һ䴺ǻ쵰깼ĸһ꣬˳˵岻ŲʣҺ˻ĿŵΪҰ֡ҪΪҪ˵
ڶѧսٸԱ䣬䴺ִֻʦ㻳ģֲָгӰ컪ѧʿŽᡣ
ս϶֮⣬ѧ̾˿ںѧ磡
һ죬϶սս᲻һ
٣нʦɥ
ҪΪнʦֻĴʦͻѧҪ˵
á
طĻܵط֮еļҶѡ֧֣Ȼѵ
С磬Ҵмǧ꣬ǻѧϡغǿѧ̼ҵģʵԲ֣мСġ
ʦͽѾ󡣡
طͣ½ŲӣҶ֣һһһΪ壬ɱһеУ




1974 ҹԴ
һ֮Сص԰
;ӵ䴺ĵ绰ֻ˵һ仰үүط˵ˣһȥ㱨
ӵ绰䴺ʱ֣ȴлعСѹҶ˵绰
Ϊˣ䴺ûٻزСĵ绰ǵС˵
ΪǸط֣ҾԲʲô¡
ҪǿſСҪ㱨Ȼ̬ǳء
Сص԰֮Լסûлأֱĵס
ϵʱġ䴺СĸѾˡ
Сˣ
СףСֵƣɫһ䡣
طɵģ
䴺Ҳüͷ
̫үүү֣һģһط˵ġ
СҲûнеƶ̵طϣʵԼʧܣʵЩҵһʱ⣬˵
͸㣬¿Կ񣬵ܴ⣬ǲ
СĸЩջѵ
ΪСǰɽ֮ǰרС̸С˴γУмɲɴ⣬ǶҪСĽȫԸ
ΪҪǣСܣӰ쵼ѧļƻ
طǸô£
ĿˣСֵĹֲֻᣬֱѯط顣
ȻСĸøԶ֪Ȼط縴ˣôСǷܸͲҪˡ
СܸҲطĶ֣ܳΪѧһһˣ
̫үҲ֪˵ôͻȻ֮ͻˡ
Сʶػһ䣬ȻüͷæֲҸոս֣ط˵ͳ˳ִ׻ɽׯſڡ
˵һɵģô£䴺￪ʵ
ط˵ɽׯ֮󣬸˴һкȻͻȻҳ֡
С˵Ժвɸֳ˵ʱĳٶӿֳ˾ı顣
Ѿȥһ죬ȻеľͬʱҲЩҡ
Ϊë뵽ط統ʱҪɱĻ˿̵ѾΪһʬˣ
֮࣬С˾ǿԼæ˵ʱԶ֪ʲô书һ⣬Ȼǽ⻯һŴ棬ڿշ𡣵ʱƴȫǽɫ޼¡
ৣ
ৣ
ȻСĻС׺䴺ɫͬʱһ䣡
ǰС֮һ¡Ǹط統ʱҪɱСĻ練ƣ
ߣԺ˲ֳƻıɱĻ桭
ʱƻı¹˹ĺڰУ޷ƿݻĺڰձڰɱʬ޴档
֣ѵС
䴺Ժиֳƻıɱĳ¿ġ
һ̣ȫһͷطͻ˰벽񾳣ҿ壡
үү˵ط˵ͻ˰벽񾳣
䴺ｫĻ˵꣬Сʶʲôʶؿڴϡ
ԴطԷ˼ֶζ׻ɽׯ֮һֱ˼⡣
ܣ
ҡͷһ϶Ǹϻʮ꣬ͻư벽񾳣һ򲽽ͻ˰벽񾳣Ҳ޷壡
Ҳǡ
䴺ɿüͷΪ˵
һ棬طΪǿûжã˰ͻư벽񾳣̫ˣ
һ棬ġˣҲ޷壡
ɡǣ̫үûͻư벽񾳵Ļôеаң
ĵĻС뵽ط罫׻ɽׯ֮˵Ļ
ôаңüͷһʵ
˵תҳ֮Ҫ˵
Сط纰֮Լ˵˳
١֪
СĸԣŭЦΪط
ǵӹģ³ɺһ˽ᡣ
䴺ЦһֱطСʦ̫鹢ڻҲطڻѧսٸԴġ
طֻ쵼ѧļƻ޵
ң
ҲЦˡ
ף˼ǣ
䴺һ뵽ʲôҿ϶
С丸Ҳһؿġ
СӱɻѧӢۺδԿӣԸΪŻѧĵƴ
˵ϵЦŨˣôһΪסСӵóѧ쵼Ȩ
׸
ĵĻ䴺ʱǰһСƣҡңС·񣬱Ȼ᲻֪ߵغس֡
һȫԽСɱ
СһҪ쵼Ȩͬ⣬Ҳļҵıҵ̬ȣĸԸҵ쵼
š
΢΢ף䴺˵ģ롣
һ˫ĺ£
ңطŵģ
ĺһ㡣
ԴطڣֻܹһΡ
սط类Ⱦ룬ʹ׷ɱС
Ȼ
һΣطҲɹ˰ǿߵѰ
ط֡
񣬴δܹ




1975 ˼ǲɣ
Сص԰ͬһ죬طҲصྩ
ԭطļƻȻɽٻྩĸߵѾһ£Ȼ㿪ʼ㡣
Сǰ׻ɽׯһ£طĲط罫ƻǰˡִྩ֮ĸҶûлأֱ֯ܲ
ңרŸմ˵绰Ҫ档
طִﻪ֯ܲʱ򣬿šѵȺʱ
С磡
Ȼ˶ѵ֪طûϢط֣˻Щ
Ρ
طߵǰ
С磬굽׾ʲôΪʲôһֱϢ
ȿʵ
֪طû֮бʡ
յĻʳڣź͹꿴ط磬Ҳ֪һ㡣
壬ȵĹµǱޱչ˰ꡣ
طԼػصû֪ͨκˣӰ죬Աܹһͻư벽񾳣
㡭ͻ˰벽񾳣
һΣ˼֮ͬг𾪡
š
طƽصͷ

ɲǼ䣬ǹšˣǿɵˡ
ط˸ǰ޹˵Ĵ˵ûǵ𺳴
Ͼǰ벽񾳣
ȫѧս
ܶྪ޵ѧţһӣҲ޷ﵽ
ط绹ʮ꣬Ϊ˰벽ǿߣվۣ֮
С磬ֱ̫˼ˣ
С磬˵öԣΪҺ͹ô꣬ûһ㣬ôˣ
ʮӹ󣬿˲Żعйź͹̲סڡ
áģС磬ʦû㣬ǻѧδΪȫһǿߣ
ռûڷ
Ϊطеˣͬʱ뵽ƻط˵ĻͶطڴ
ƴʦʬ
ἰƻģطһʹȻ򿪱óƻĵͷ
ৣৣৣৣ
ɲǼ䣬˽ĿͶƻĵͷһˡ
ո˫۷죬ˮȻ˫ֲشӱóƻĵͷ
С磬ܹŻͻư벽񾳣ƻĵʬ޺ˡ
Ŀ⸴ӵؿط硣
޷طδӷʹ׷ɱģܹ뵽һʮ־Ķǣþһݡ
طܹ£ƻĵʬʵܿɹҲֵ壡
Σҽһ顣
طԣ׼˵⡣
ʲô飿ʵ
ꡢգҲʱĿƻĵĹͷջأٴνĿͶط硣
ҪڵȻŰ¹˹ͷ­μƻĴʦ񡪡뽫ƻĴʦƳ٣
طһһ俪ڣᶨޱȡ
ãҴӦ㡣
ԣһȻӦѵС磬鲻ļͻư벽񾳣Ҫ̾硣
Σҵʵˣ
ط˵ţغԼϢ
һ̣ޱش߶غѪطȫ߶
ɲǼ䣬±ŨܵĽɫ֣ͬһƽս˼䣬ƿֲ˼£

ܵطͻȻĿֲϢڣٴһ
ৣ
󡭡
ǴлعطֶȻһӣһɫХǰ״ݻһ˽ʵʵĽɫǹ
⡭壿
һĻֱӾ
ƻļʦͽҲ縸ӣڳκһˡ
ƻıɱĻ棬ӡγУ
Ҳεؼסĸ֡壡
յѯʣ˾ǵɴ۾סȴطĻش
ǵģ壬ҿ壬Դ书ǹд˵ʽ
طͷƽ֮г޵еҲã¹˹ҲգԿɱ
ãããð
طĻܵط޵еնʱ棬״Ρ
ԴƻĲ֮һֱ룬Ϊƻı
ԸԼȥ¹˹
Ȼ
û
뱨ȴ
طտ˱⣡
⡭ܲ
̫ˣ
ź͹ҲǼѡ
С磬ӽ쿪ʼǻ֯һΣ֯ͳ졣ǰٿ飬ҽ˵ָȨ˳ȥ
˵Щ
Σҵ֯һ㶼ҪǸ飬Ѿ֪ˡ
طٴοڣ̺֮ɱ⣬ܿ죬սңָȨȻҲһֽսӴ˳
С磬Ҫô
ٴطĻܵطĻ֮еŨɱ⣬ɫһ䡣
㣬ҿʼҪôҪô
طһһ俪ڣɱ졣
⣡
ɲǼ䣬աź͹ͷһ𣬲غ
ط翪һ˲䣬ɱϢʵֲ̫ǶЩ޷ܡ
СС磬Ҫ嶯ǱҪģ㻹ҪأԴΪأ
ҲǾòᣬȻæѵûңѧô룿Ըޱָ
սձ̵ӡŷڳ֣ȫô룿ǻȫԸ֧
ûǵ֧֣ƾһܹ֮𣿣
οѧڵػģ˴ڵǲڰػ硭
ػ
һΣȿ˵꣬طֱӴϣҲ֮ߣƴʦ־ػҲǡûУԼ˶ˣǺ̸ػƬ磿

죬Զԡ
뵽ƻĺͷн
ΰ󣬵ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳԩ
ԸػҵˣҵİˣҵѣҲԸػƬػÿһλ
ԸȥػƽҲԸ⣬ػϣа֮ڣ
Ҹ޷̣ЩػߣȥػʱЩ֮ڱͱǵӣ
С簡˼ǲɣ㲻ƾһ֮а֮
Ȱ˵
ǵģ״ʦû˿ÿһ䡣
طһӣɫǹ˲䵽ϡ
ֳֽɫǹҪƲ񷣬նӽߵ


1976 
طûͻư벽񾳣
֮ط罫ǰңսģ

Сص԰ĵ죬ܴʱûȫѧ䶯ˣ
ΪطΪѧĺͣǻѧĽӢۺδҲȫѧһһˣ񻰣ǾĿķ
˶֪طսʹ׿ڵ˵棬㱨
ͻȻ֣̫лˣ
ΪҪǣմϢط磬ͻư벽񾳣Ҫսѧǿ֮һģ
̫˼ˣ
Ͼȫѧʷϣδ˿ʮ£Ϊ벽ǿߣ
οΪͻѧǿ֮һģӵгԽ벽ǿ߰ʵطսĵʵһ죡
ⲻǵ촫˵ˣȫΥѧĹɣ
һ졣
̳ﵽս֮߷塣
Żط绹ţͻư벽񾳣ӵһսʵ𣿡
ǰ̳öһӣҲһӡ
Ҳţ϶ҥԣ
ѧͻȻһϢԲǼٵģ
Żط绹ţҲͻ˰벽񾳣
طţͻư벽񾳵ĻȫһսϾһֱӵп羳֮սս
@֯ʵϢ

ԣһЩԡ
Уطŵԣ࣬ȵڶࡣ
ǰ̳飬ȫ顣
սӡŷںձ̵
̺ͿˣٴٿƵ顣
Ҳս֮ǵһٿƵ顣
Ӧö˵˻ǱߴϢô
ͬһ鿪ʼֻ֮飬ѯʾ̺Ϳˡ
϶ǼϢ
ȿڣһĲš
ҲϢġ
Цһսķʹȷʾɱ˻طǸ飡
ڶ֪ǸԼƻ֮ͻƾǿ߾ģȻ羳ɱۡ
񣬲Źȥ꣬ͻư벽񾳣
ܣ
ǻǿ֮һʵڿ£ڽӽڴ˵񾳵ĴڡǸͻư벽񾳣Ҳӵбȼĵʵɣ
ҲΪϢţ˵ΪδһϢ
΢΢ףʾ̺ͬͿеĿͬʱɡ
û´ĻѧǸ飬ǸǣӶ˵Ȩ
һ˵Լƶϡ
пܡ
еͷҲġ
ҲΪֿԺܴ󡣡
ٴεͷȻɣڻĵ鱨ԱںǱ԰̽Ϣ
á
̺Ϳжľûκ顣
ȻǲϢбҪȥ̽Ϣ
ǣɳʵŷ޽͢ͷ̫Ҳͬİš
֮⣬һĪͼҲط绹ţ
һĸѧƶ̣Ҳ׷ױϢ
УڡҺļң֪Ϣġطǰྩ֮䡢Ժֱϻ˸Եɡ壬㱨Ϣ
شʦƺˣ׷Ϣء
ǵ֪Ϣ֮󣬵һӦ𾪣ڶӦǲš
ǵġ
Ƕʶط츳Ҳţطڰʱͻư벽񾳣ӵսĵʵ
Ȼ
䡢Ժ˵طһһŴС󶪳׻ɽׯ֮ˡ
Ϊ䡢Ժ˲ѣҲûѣ
Ϣͬʱӵ𾪣
޷طڰʱͻư벽񾳣ҿģ
Ͼǣ޷壡
𾪹Ƿ׷׾ǰ԰ս
ͬѧϢľӶ࣬ǰ԰һ̽
Ψһ⡣
üųʦ̫
Ϣ֮󣬱һʱ绰䴺֤
紫ԣСţ𣿡
绰֮ͨ󣬳ʦ̫żɽʵ
ǣСȷʵţС׻ɽׯұ˵ˡ䴺￪ڻص
ôܻţ
ʦֱ̫Ӿ䴺Ļ
ҲΪ
䴺ʵһҲеơ
Сͻ˰벽񾳣Ҫǰ԰ս㸸ף
ʦ̫ٴʵ֮гţͬʱнš
ͶüΪ棬ط֮޲ϼ
սطѶд죬ĵط֣ظеֻš
ģطгһջüˣ
ǣϢ϶ǼٵģйżأԹ񣬴Ӿǿ߾ͻƵ벽̵Ҳʱ䡪ǸСôڰʱͻƵ벽񾳣
䴺ܹܵʦ̫Ŀֻţ򶨵˵Ҫ԰飬ġ
Ȼûͻư벽񾳣ôȥ԰ս㸸ףⲻ𣿡ʦ̫һ⡣
Ҹ׵ƶϣСĳǿսõΪҸһսֱǲ֪䴺ﲻмһЦ
С̫ˣÿԽλ᳹׽ɱҹζ࣡ʦ̫ݵ
Ҹ״Сӵȡѧ쵼Ȩ
䴺ﲢδԳʦ̫ҵľͬʱǣģС⣬Ҳӡұ֤ԺҺĴ澴η
š
ʦ̫׷ȻһڴͶȥ԰ҪĿãС㸸״һǽڣ




1977 ֮޵У
ʱˮ֪㵽طҵӡ
һ졣
ҽׯ԰ų䳡ܰΣϰڷĲҶµĵĺʵˮһϲӭѧ̬
ҵһζ⿪ţĿŤתѧҵĸӰ졣
ҽطսϢܴĿҲע⣬øĴ԰ۼ֤Ļط硣
ʱˡط֤ҵػԴΪص˼룬ӶøĸԸطҵ쵼
ʦ̫ǵִҵĵһλˡ
Ϊʦ̫̫뿴طڵһĻˣִ԰ס԰
ϰ˵㣬Լסޣȴطĵ
䴺ΪҼִ֡
ҴҺĳԱͳʦ̫ڡ
Ϊ䴺ǼСĸѾȥʶ˶Գʦ̫ûвִͷС
СǶԳʦ̫ðģʦ̫ȫѧжСչмӣСеĲӡ
ףԾʱˣôû
һӿڣСС塣
ৡ
ССĻ£˾ǽĿͶ䴺Ͼǳɻ
Ϊǿطֲҵ԰սģ𶯻ѧĴ¼
ԻǰսһЩСɵҲǰ֡
ⶼ˵ˣ԰һƬ
ܲ
ȥһ£ô¡
䴺ͨϢӦ԰ܶûˣ˿Сӿڣֱ´
ȻҲΪ⼫䲻϶ʲôè塣
ǣף
СĶȻ
Ҷĸˣаռ鱨Ϣ
ҵ̽Ӻӣͳһȡ
ò˵ΪѧΪϡغǿѧңִǿ
ʮ֮һҵӣ˴
õФɫӣѾӵлڵʵҶ鱨ռ
Ǹղȥһ˺ܶˣЩ˶ׯ԰һ֮ˡ
Фڵϣһηػ㱨
ৡ
ȻФĻ䴺ڣ˵ɫһ䣡
˭ıӵҵĿˣ
䴺üͷһʵ
ǻ֯ˡ
ФʵԺʵϢݻ֯˵Ϊ˷ֹ˻С
ߣ֯ȻһƵɣֹӭͣʵڿɺޣ
ٴФĻСĸ׶ʱһ֮гŲ
Ҳһˬûٿڣ»ᴥ䴺ùͷ
ļҡڡҡɽɵҲһ֮𣿡
䴺üͷٴʵ
֯ûǣҲû֡䵱ŵɵĴФػش
ģ
䴺üĿ֮ӿֳһĨɻ
ļ¡شʦ漧ƴŸɵĴں;
Ф㱨԰Զһ
Ȼ
һΣФĻ˵꣬䴺Щȵشϣ;
ǵģ԰˵Ҫط硣
Ф˵ЩľսԼⷬشŭ䴺Ȼ󱻲
ʵϣΪ˱һ㣬ղŲûнµĻԭⲻת
ǲҵĿˣԵ԰ҲûһȤҲΪҶΪط
µԭ
ꡪ
ȻФ⻰һڣ䴺ɫ࣬εķ˲䱻÷顣
ͬʱҲһѿ
һô˼ôƣֻгʦ̫һλˣ
ң

԰ǰĺϡ
¡ơشʦΪ׵Ļѧǣվںߣ;ʵڵȴطĵ
Ĵʦ˵϶ڸʲôǲλᣬչʾҵǿ󣿡
ȺУƿʵ
ҶĸʲôȤֻ֪طڵǿ˺̶ֳȣ
ҡͷ
ȻǸ𲻿ܸѣȻԽܣطڶ̶̰ʱͻư벽񾳣ҿ壡
µĻ£ơشʦڣֳѧĴǣҲӿֳڴǸо޲ط̳Ϊǽ
ˣֵˣ
ʱͻȻǰԶĹ·ϴ
ʼط籣ϵصڹ·ϵȺط硣
ţ
Ļµһ˵׷׳Ź·ȥ
·Եʱ򣬺ȻһŻ֯յĺγǰʻ
طںţաź͹˶ڡǰտ˷԰ԲһϽκ˽롣
֮ֻһĿģܡ
ط֣սĵ飬Ѿȫ򣬵þ֪һսľطĵƱ¶
˿̣Ϊ׵ĻѧǣȫվǰĹ·ϵȴɿԵطһۣи̾ѡ
֪Ե꣬ڻѧ
Ƿһһɱѧҫ𲽻۵ģ
ܿģھµ˲Զͣ¡
ֱӿס֪ͨ
˾ָʾȻط³
Σ
⣬µԵкȻˢˢؽĿͶط硣
ĴʦشʦʦлΪƴ
طȳ¡شʦͼƱʾлͬʱϹ
С磬Ӧģ㲻ؿ˵
ǰ
شʦƵͷ͡
λʦСȥ꣬ûдϢǵˡ
طֶʢַʦ˾Ϲ
˵ˣԼѶ֮ʢ˶ܱˡ
С磬ţǻѧˣ
ʢ˿ڡ
ԣ
˷׷׸ͣͬʱа̾طһԹˡ
Сʱʼŵ˵ĳ𣬵ǿҲûǶ˵ĺã
С磬˵ͻ˰벽񾳣ҿ壬𣿡
֮̾࣬ڰͲסĵĺ棬ʳ֪⡣
С磬֮޵У
һ̡
𰸽
֮ǿ
֮ǰطд衣
ܣ




1978 㣬ҿʼ

ĻΪ׵ĻѧǣǾԭء
û
Ǳˣ
֮ǰѾ֪طͻ˰벽񾳣ҿ壬˿Ȼˣ
֮޵У
Ǻεȸߵۣ
ң仰Իѧս֮ڣ
С簡ұΪǽʮѧһͻư벽񾳵ˣֱС׼װ
𾪹껿Ц
սѧʧƻĺͷнλ벽ǿߣط硪ʱû֪ط绹š
ԻѧһʹĴͬʱҲ̼˻ߡ
һǿ߰һǷ׷ױչأʵ
һ֮УɹΪ˾ǿ߰үүһͻ˰벽񾳡
֮ǰѧµİ벽ǿƻġ
ƻĺһͻư벽񾳲˵ʵܿ죬սʱѾӵоǿ߰ʵˡ
үүļһλ벽ǿߣǻѧĺط΢Ц
֮޵УҺֶĶ֡¿Ц
Ϳͬһʱˣ˴֮ʮ˽⡣
˵Ǿ仰ζʲô
Ĵʦˡ
طٴǫһЦȻΡλʦѾȲˣǹȥɣ
á
ͬӦط硣
һ̵ط磬֮һӦķˡ
ۿû飬طû˵ʲôһͬǰ԰
Уطǰ¡شʦͼ˴֮
⵹طʵسݡ
Ϊҷսط磬ǽǣȻҪǰ档
ط˸һж㱻ҵ̽ӿˣҵһʱ佫Ϣ԰
԰
ףطСѾ֣ŻѧĴڳǼҸ
СĶ壬ڽӵ˵Ļ㱨֮󣬵һʱ佫Ϣϱ
СŸ֧ѹˡԶٰɣ
СĻʦ̫ü˵
ˣƻĴطǿƽپҵ顣
֮ǰȥһǿ˵ŮҲط
ǣ̫߿СӣҲ̫Сˡ
䴺Ц»֯͸ô֧СӣҲΪСΪСҸ԰򣬻ȫѧ磬˸
ҺͿˡ
䴺Ļ˶ڿԼʦ̫Ǹ˵
ף˲ӣԸ͡ǸطСһͬǰǻҪȥӭ𣿡
Сĸ׿ѯʵ
Ļ£˺ͳʦ̫ǿ䴺
ȻҪȥӭӣǽҪѧչʾػ䴺һЦ
ףҪȥ֪ͨүү𣿡Сĸ׼ʡ
ãֻҪһ԰үү֪ˣѡʱ
䴺ҡҡͷȻߣȥǸСǲǳıӵȻƣ
˵䣬䴺վ߳԰ſȥ
ʦ̫˼״׷׸䴺
԰ſڣʯʨǧ֮ǰ֪ĳλ̴ʦ̶ֵɡ
԰ĺľ죬ѾãֵǣԻȡĺլ
Ƭ֮䴺԰ſڡ
£䴺볾ʦ̫վǰСĸױĴ֮η
Ϊһǿ˵СҵλĸߣվԼĸԱߡ
ˣ
ԼĪһ֮һǿطſ˳ǰĵ·ϡ
ͬʱطҲһۿ䴺ˡ
١϶ôļӣȻӭӣ
ۿûг԰ſڣüͷ˵
ʱߣ˷ȻὫСսϡ
¼һЦҺڴİܸС֮Σıһܾʣ
µĻڣ˶Լͬ¶ڴı顣
ʮߣѧϡءǿڽ£붼˼
ط۾ӿһĨɱ⡣
ţ
Ȼܵطӿֳɱ⣬ǰ֪طĿ֮⣬µ˶һȻãط԰ܲǵս
ֲ²⣬˸ط磬ܿߵ԰ſڡ
١㲻֪ߵغطսȴһǰ°ܸĴʦ֮𣿡
ۿطվΪҼ䴺￪ڣʦ̫̲סЦ֮гż֮⣬طĿгź⡣
Ƿݺ⣬̹ģ
ΪȺ󼸴αطѵȫѧᱻطУ֮ĳ裡
ζ뽫طңйͷ֮ޣ
ҲΪݺ⣬䴺ͨ绰֮󣬱Ȳ԰
СȻҷսҪýܳͷ׼û˿Ա㡢㣡
䴺ҲЦſˡ
û¡شʦͼʺãºݻ
ಣ
ಣ
Ӧ䴺ͳʦ̫ƿ
طָ⣬˲䴺볾ʦ̫ǰɫС
㡭ʲô
䴺ɫ˲䣬ʶشͬʱҪ߶ھѽɫ
ûлش
䴺Ļ£ɽɫݻȻڿգ˲С߶Ȳףֱѹ䴺볾ʦ̫ļ˫ϥܿƵ
꣡
꣡
ţ촫
䴺볾ʦ̫˵ϥͬʱѣֱӹ˽ɫ֮С
ǰ
뿴طܸ֮󣬹ǰǸڵһĻ
˿̡
ڿУڽɫ֮Уڸطڸȥƻĺͷнڣ
գ԰սҪһ˵
ʱط״οڣ˵⣬羪ף쳹԰Ͽա
Ҹˣչң


1979 ̤԰
յգۡ
ѧصҴǰط簺׶վڻѧǰӱֱǹ
䴺볾ʦ̫ˣڽɫ֮У˫ϥѣѪֱ
ˣվſڣط磬Ͼǳžı顣
Ϊζû뵽ط絯ָ䴺볾ʦ̫ˣԷ˼ķʽعڿеĽɫ֮С
ңطǿƿڣ⣬첻սģҪҪ˵һҪҳļƣ
ǣ˫ϥѡڽɫ֮е䴺볾ʦ̫ˣеľй֮޲
һ̣ûиоϴľʹؿط硣
ǰС䴺طýɫ׻ɽׯʱ䴺ﲢطͻư벽񾳣طֶΣǶĳ
䴺ﶼţʦ̫͸Ӳˣ
Ȼ
ʱ˿̣ǵĶϻصطǿƵĻطһȻģֱӶҡ֮ǰҸеһǰδеĿ־壡
ǸǣطղҪɱǣͲֻϣûκ
䴺Ϊ׵˺ͳʦ̫¡شʦͼΪĻѧǣҲͳͳԭء
ǵġ
֮ǰѾ֪طͻ˰벽񾳣壬˵ط磬֮޵УȻǰһĻòᣡ
Ψп⡣
Ϊ֮ǰѾطһд裬֪ط磬Ƕôǿ
طղŵֶΣз˼ڿطֶαֱֵһᣡ
£طСңڴҵۣǲøԤ£ݹҷ
𾪵ͬʱһŭȴ԰ͬ쳹ʡ
ŭȳϢ֡
ׯ԰һǿµϢȻӿ֣һµħһ㡣
ŭȹǵϢٳ԰ſ
ġ
Ϊģ͸Ӧط˵Ϣ֪԰ſڷʲôֻطǿƵĻ
ˣ㼤ŭģֱͬʱµ˷棡
ĵĻ䴺ʦ̫ˣµȻлع
ءط磬ˡ죬ϵû˿Ծ㣡
Слع󣬷ŭӵضط磬ŭ
ȻǰһиطпĳΪ˰벽ǿߣţطĵĶ֣
Թ񣬻û˸СѰ·
СĸͬҲˡ
ߣ
ţ˿ˣ֮гŷŭ޲طɱ
ȻطղõֶΣȫǵ֪ΪģͬһĴڣҪ˵ǻѧ磬Ƿȫѧ磬ܵУ
С˿ڣ䴺ҲӾлع
Ȼҡеطͻ˰벽񾳣壬ȻԼ׵սġ
СԶ˫ȣ԰ſڣϴڣҿԿǣΪ˻ѧ֣һ
һ̣͵䴺˵ʲôʱĵٴ
ô
طһԼϢ˲߶غѪطŽɫһս˼䣬ǿֲ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ

԰ſڣС丸ˣƱط磬Ǹ˾ȫ޷طϵѹȣһֱ̱˵ϡ
СĸǣҲͷ𣬻ȷ·ʱᵹ¡
ž
ʱط糯ǰһϱɭɱ⡣
ɱ⣬糱ˮһϯСĸǣ
ͨͨͨ
СĸǣͷһȺ̱˵ϡ
Ȼǿֿסطѹȣ޷طǹɭɱ⡣
Ǳطɱһ˲䣬ֱϵĸоԺһƬհף·ھ
ͬʱطĽŲδͣ԰š
һĻµξѣ׷˽ŲҪطһͬ԰
ܿ죬ط䴺볾ʦ̫ǰûȥһֱۣ˲
ɫ䴺ʦ̫ˣطƶ
ɲǼ䣬һɴδй裬˲䴺У޲̽طңͣһҲҿԣֻڴľΪԼϴˢ裡
·䴺һ㣬ĳׯ԰ĵ·ϡ
£ɫһɫƶ԰ſٶȼ졣
Ȼ
һ̡
ڼƶ֮УͻȻͣ˽ŲһʻȻɲ
£ϳ𾪣
Ϊ䴺ʦ̫˹ڽɫ֮УڿУطĲƶȫ̱ڵأѧĴط
һĻĵҲĺҵϡ׼̤
С
ĳױŭһŭֱӳطɱ
Ϲɱ׼
طһ԰һ⣬ӭģ




1980 
԰ſڵľ󣬳׼ŭģ
ԭˡطһӶӿﻻȡѧ쵼ȨͬʱҲѧչʾػ
Ȼ
԰ſڵһֱ֮Ӹı˼ƻҪطĨɱ
ΪطΪѾȫĵҲĺܳܵļޣ
ԣܻɱط磬µõѧ쵼ȨҲһֳ裡
ȻΪ棬ѧǿ֮һڷŭ֮࣬Ҳ侲
ظӦطɢǰ벽ǿߵϢһ۱㿴䴺볾ʦ̫ɫݻɣ
ף̶̰ʱ䣬طͻ˰벽񾳣ܹ壡
ȫ߸Ķѧ֪
𾪲ѣ˿̵ѳױط缤ŭֻһͷطɱ
֮⣬ܹزطϢԼڰ벽񾳰ʱǿ
۵Ϊطͨĳط壬ʶſԽطɱ
ȻŹţĲû˿Ĵ⣬Ҳûһ㱣ھںһ𣬷ӿѪڣ˲ﵽ˾ۣ
Ҫǿսɱط磡
棬ɱ
үүС̫
ĵĻܵĵϢ԰ſڣСڵˣ׷վŭشţͬˮ֮ץס˾ݡ
ףطСձɱ֮
ͬʱ䴺˵𣬼ģطղҽԶڳϣҲһй
ʵϣӱطڽɫ֮еʱ򣬾뿪ˣط磬طɱһ̵ֱڡ
һ̣䴺ˣѡԵغطӦĵǾ仰µûУǲͣ½Ųɴ۾һضǰ
ǵעУĻɫһģٳطȥ
طһ԰֮󣬲δ٣ӭģǼǰȥǸо·޽ӽ񾳵ǿɱɢġ
طŲɫҲƶ
ӭսĵͬʱһĶãýɫ䴺볾ʦ̫νǿƺŵ˼£
С
ĿһĻըˣʱһȣٶһ֣Ѫ׷ڣӵŨɢſµ
ŭ⻯εٴһ䣬ͬһͷŭľȻ̧ͷǰˣͶ¡
ò˵ΪģʵǿƥҶѧǶ洫Ѿ˳뻯ĵز
һ̣δ֣ͨݻΣ̺⣬֣·һɫ
ĳױɫ֣λݻģұȻֻצָŨɫͬ⣬Ѹ͵ץط硣
䣡
ɲǼ䣬µĿձ
ǰĿըΪգͬʱһ񱩵쫷硣
쫷绯طϯצ϶£¡
ʵ𣿡
԰ſڣ䴺֮⣬˿ǰͻȻֵľһ𺳲ѡ
ȻǶӵܣû˼ĳ֡
֮࣬Ҳѡ
䴺Ҳ⣡
Ȼ䴺ֹһμĳ֣Ķȫ֣ͬն
ǿ
ͬʱ˿֮⣬лѧĴвӿֳ֡
شʦͼƣ
׻˵һ֣֪ûС
һ֣غͼƶףĽ֣ûʤ㣡
ˣƺϵĵʵ̫࣬˿̿ĳ֣δе⡣
Уǰطд˵Ŀһһڴڴطεģ
䣡
µڴУ˵עУطˡ
£ͣ½Ųûг䴺볾ʦ̫Ľɫұһ˴ǹȭǹͷѸʹ̳
ǹһʽ
̣
ģطֱӶԼдѧ
Ҳطͻư벽֮󣬵һζá̡
ȭӣǹ֡
طһȭɫȭ֮һ˽ɫĳǹɱġ

ɫǹХֱӶǰɾ绯ľǵ쫷˲ըΪС
ţ
ͫ׶ȻûǱץΪƣһХĽɫǹ
Σ
ҪһƽطݻĽɫǹɢνǿƵ˼£
ž
ɲǼ䣬ԸԳһ˽ɫǹ֮ϣ֮ϵŨ˼£˿ֲ
䣡
촫ɫĳǹɫצͬһʱըڵըһ㣬ƾˡ
һɿµײΪģܺɢ
ৣ
ɫһ䣬˲˿µĳлҲһɾʹͬʱֱӱõˡ
ôܣ
ӵˣоϳž
Ȼڿطĵһʱȷطͻ˰벽ǿߣ֪ط壬طϢ벽ǿ߰
һΪƵطʽ
طղĹԽ˰벽ǿ߰ҲĵĹ֮£
ıطһˣѪھֵҰֱײ
һδˣѹھת⣬Ĵʮգ
ô
䣡
Ӧĵǵڶ졣
԰ǰ
طһ˦һֻɫƣȻĵǰĲӬһģ




1981 ̩ɽѹ
԰ſڣطŽɫȻս·
ɫ䴺볾ʦ̫ڿУλط
طһĶãӭĵͬʱ䴺볾ʦ̫
ǰһֻɫƶȻ֣֮ݻһͼָΪ档
ƣ
һƣط綯˰ŵġơݻΣ⣬ס
ৣ
ĸղűطһĶõǰ£á̡ˣδˣܴ죬ѪھתܵһӰ졣
˿̣طĳ֣ɫȻһ䣬һ˲ӿһƬ󣬽ΧС
ĺѹˣȡʤؽھϣÿһÿһʽչֲֳĹ
֮⣬书зʽʱ
طûѡУǶˡķʽ
ڵסطڶеͬʱסѪھӶתΪ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
䡪
һ죬ݻܵΧǽһˣֱӱɫ飬ͬڵըµ˲ɨķ
Σգ
ͷһƾǿսܺͷḻɱ飬߶ھӿ˫ۣ˫֮һȴţǰ
䣡
һ죬ɫƺݺݵĵ˫֮ϡ
ɫըһͬɨķ
ž
ž
ž

ͬʱĵӲܿƵصˣµש׷ըƬɨУֱΪĩΪС
һ
˾ŲסΣ·ӳը˫Ǳһ㣬һƬͨ졣
֮⣬ڵѪøھңʧأľ

һĻطЩѧĴطйдĿ֮⣬˶һȻ
Ȼ֮У¡شʦ֮⣬˶ûпطĵľ彻ֹ̣Ƕıˡ
طʼգվ԰ǰȻ
ң䴺ͳʦ̫ڽɫ֮С
൱طһĶãģ
֮ǰѾ˵ط֮޵УҲе˼顣
У䡢ԡӥˣһѪڵĸо
⡭ôܣ
ͬʱ䴺볾ʦ̫ˣǵɴ۾ŵؿǰط磡
ԭǶΪĳ֮һݿؽطɱӶϴˢطҵĳ裬ҵ磡
طһĶã赭дضøַ˼ֶΣֱѹƺģ
Ԥϵ龰Ȼ෴Ǿ޴ĳƻõĸо
սǣطսֶˣοıˣ
ôôǿ
԰ĵ·ϣֹסŲ֮һѸסѪھһ߶ط磬ϳţ
ԭطڶ̶̰ʱڣͻư벽񾳣壬Ѿ㹻ˣطսȫֱӶҡе޵
ô
ž
Ӧĵһ졣
طµשֱը
Ŀ֮£ط絯ض𣬳ǰһԾ˫ſ

һʵʵĽɫ˲طӿһֻɫȻġ
ǽɫٶȿ쵽˼£˲ǰ
ʱ
طԾߵ㣬ʼ׹䡣
ǰֻɫĴ֮仯ֱӱһɫɽ壬£
ɽһۿȥ̩ɽС棬ȻһΡ롢ưĸо
̩ɽѹ
һط綯ƻѧ֮еɱС̩ɽѹ
ƣ
ĵһʱɽȻ£ûжǿסѪھͬʱһȡ
ȳұȭգһȭϿա
ɲǼ䣬Ũ˼£һɫľǾҪƲ񷣬
죡
ĶˡеռɱС
һУԢΪһȭ񷶼޷赲ᱻƣ
һȭĵھѪںϣ̺ſµȭ⣡
䣡
һȭдΡɽֱӽɫĴɽը
ȭ֮˸ɫȭâҲ˲ʧݻ˲
꣡
ͬʱĵֹѿѪɽש˲ѣ˫ֱû˵֮У㵽ϥǴͣ¡
֮⣬ľһ˺ѵľʹ
Ѫھȵǰ£ǿжáǿɱУɲط磬ֹǱѿҵھ̣ˡ
ˣ
ȫĵҲиеֻš
ղţ۷״̬£ȫȫطѹƣ޷˵طëױ򡢱
ڣֹѿˣôط
ô
䡪
Ӧĵһ졣
ɽ֡
ڶɫĴɽȻĵͷ֣ſµ
ΪѧһԱȴڻѧΣѵʱ˽ƻŽᣬ·нʦ䣬ѧʧأﵱ
ͬʱ԰ſڣط绯һ˽ǹһ羪ը졣
طĻ£Ȼ˫ȣͼߡ
Ȼ
ĵ˫Ÿոմ·аγɫɽֱӽ䣬ѹ˵ϣá
̩ɽѹ
һս
ط罫ƻһﵽ˳뻯ĵز
ķʽȥƻģҸۣ
һ̡
ڣ˶һɫĴɽ£ıȻǣѪ




1982 ˵
棬·һ̶ˡ
԰֮У˶ԼͬؽĿ۽ϡ
ɫݻĴɽѹڵϣɢſµ·ͷϵ֮Уʱոĵ
ʱ䣬·һֹ̾
ԿΪ׵Ļѧһס˺Ŀתضǰ˿ֹ
Ϊµ˶ҵΪ䲻ΪҵȷӦܵͷطҪ˵ǲֹ
οĺ֮ǰԲѵԣҪɱط磿
ڿ
һԴΪأط֮ǰѾ̬ȡҪô˵Ҫô
ԳС
ط·
Դ
һ£˿ҪԴΪأҲȰط磡
һ򲽽˿̿ڣطҲģ
ͬʱ䴺볾ʦ̫ˣһֵؿǰ
ǣط羹Ȼһжǰ£ݿػġ
׼ȷ˵طղڵģ
֮ǰԤϵĽȻ෴Ҳȫǵ
ֵǣǶĴ˿ڵϦʱܱطɱ
һıɱط֮ǰ˵Ǻпܶ׷ĵĲǰȥҲӽʽӻѧ
Ҫɱң
͵ԿΪ׵Ļѧסע䴺ʦֵ̫ͬʱĴ
ڽеͬʱ̧ͷط硣
ɫӳĵӣؿ⳹Ťްǰķŭеֻǿֻţ
Ϊκ˶ѹɫɽһ£ʬ޴棬ɢ䡣
һɱɣ
طɰȻ԰ſڣĿֱģʵ
ҡҴңǸƻĵǸнǸ֯ѧǸ
ļѵͷֵؿط硣
һ̣Ϊ˴ĽĽҵҫͳͳ׵˾⣬ֱط
Ȼ
ĽĻ˵꣬㱻طϣǵǸ𣿡
ǡô
ʶʵ
һΣطûиش𣬶üͷ΢΢һ
⣡
һĻͷȻһͷ˲䱻Ϣ֡
Ǹطġ˵ܲ⣬Ҫȥү̽ˣ
˵Ǹ֮⣬ҺԸڣ
⣬ҽȫȫӻ֯ȫڰ
ط֣ٴοڣ֮ǰӿֻš
һ̡
Ȼˣǰ֪طҪҪ˵ʱǺεȵĲмطͬһ㣡
Ҳˣط綯֮ǰеɱǺεȵŨңֱӾµ˲֣ܲƱҪطɱ
ˣڶԻ֯ѧʱ̬ڵǶôĸߣΪƻĺͻ֯Ҳ
ͬһ͹һſڵϣؿط磬˵Ļ¾״ֻطܹһ棬һҼȥ

һĻԿΪ׵Ļѧǣɴסˡ
֮ǰѾ֪طʵ֮ϣҲû뵽һսȻһطԾʵѹƵģ
䴺ʦ̫ˣ򳹵ɵˡ
У棬ҵĵ̣ս޵С
ǸͬһĴڣ˿ǹ͹һطģ
ǵĳ޷ģǳɵˡˣֻǰһУͬξһ㣬Ĳʵ
󣬼˶ĿͶط磬ȴطС
⽫ĵҲҵ
ҸһξĻᣬסֻһΣ
˵עУطۣڣ󣬵ڳÿһһ

ɲǼ䣬䴺ʦ̫ˣԼ˿
ৣ
ʱطһӣѹϵĽɫɽ˲ʧһɢΡ
ţ
طľٶÿһȻˡ
ǶطĺĸԸϴںͳҲǶʵŵı֡˵ط練ֱɽĻɱ
·Ϊӡ֤ƵģѹϵĽɫɽʧ֮طɫǰƶٶȼ죬գ֮䣬㵽ǰ
󣬽ɫʧ䴺볾ʦ̫˷׷׵ڵء
Ϊ˫ϥѣ޷׷̱ڵϡ
ңģմҡ
ʱ˫ֱȭط磬˽ļʼָղŵĳŵ
˵
طٴοڴĵĻ󣬵ӹɡ

Ķʱͣûм˵ȥǿط磬һ¡
ΪⱲӶû¹һ죡
һ룬룬롭
ͨ
Ĵӷлعһعڵأӣ棬ǹŴ͢ūżӣη˼¡
涨
һ̣ټ԰һƬš
Źڵϵģһ㱡
Ψط⡣
սʼȫԱս˺һ
طתһ˲ʧ԰ſڣֻһ仰
Ȱڡ
һ졣
Ǹз桢ǿ꣬ңģҵǸںͳ
ĽҲ㣡


1983 ĵ
԰طĻͬףþòɢӰѾʧ
ϻصطµľ棬Ĺڵϣ䴺볾ʦ̫˫ϥѣ̱ڵϣȻڻ֮С
ƺֱ˿̣Ȼ޷İܸط磬Ҹط¹ϴں֯
ǣ䴺볾ʦ̫Ҳ޷һУľ͹ǰûǹ޵еϢͬ˪һֱˡ
ǵġ
һ̣ʧȥƵģްǿߵ̬ط뿪֮û
һУֻΪһУĳʵ̫ˣ
һսط粻̤ĵĽϣҲе޵ҡĵ־ĸо
ΪΪ޽ӽ񾳵ǿߣļվۣ֮޷Ľ
֮ѡ񹶻Ϊ֪һˣҲڣ
ڻѧ紫ǧˣǻѧءϺǿļ塣
ж˴ȥ¼ҵڣ
һ㣬¡شʦͼ
֮⣬Ҳطʱûѡĳ֣δǳս֮зȡ
طɹͻư벽񾳣ӵ֮޵еսδǳս֮еöۿˣпޡѧûģǳսĽӰˡ
طĺҾĻᣬΪ˻֯
طһսҺͻѧ֯ǻѧĹлѧߣӻ֯ĹڹҺҪʱ޷˵վ
ģϣܹȡѵҪٷͬĴ󡣡
ݵĳĬ󣬿ģڴ˰⣬һ䣬طԳ֮ˣղ˵һУȻٴң

ԣܵĪĴ̼ͷЦЦ쳹԰Ͽա
ЦţЦţվĿͶˣһһʤΪΪܣҼˣķڷҸղŴӦģ㲻صģҺȻЦˣλذɣ
߰ɡ
ԣûٻӦģŤͷµ˵һ䡣
á
µͬԴûκ顣
һսѾˣΪǵطѾ뿪ˣûκ塣

뿪˷׷״ӻлعÿһ·
ΨС⡣
ͬһʯƵģվ԰ſڣһûκα飬˫ĿնȫûдӸղһսĴлع
ѡչأҪͻƾǿ߾Ȼطϴˢ衣
ǰͻƾǿ߾֮ǰ׻ɽׯڵ֪طȥǰ£ԲѵرʾδطмţԼһԻط磡
ܣȻط÷˼ķʽ׻ɽׯ
죬̫үǸ޵ǿߣܸط磬ط£ϴڡ
һУСĴԲСıˣ
ͬˣΪʲôǿֵز⡭Ϊʲô
󣬵СʱСͻȻڣԼˡ
ۡ
һ̣κ˻ӦССһſһѪȻһҡΣֱ̱˵ϡ
Сҵס
ļ״֪С־ˣޱ´һȻһ뿪ֳ
ûκֱͣ߳԰
ˣСôˣȥˣ
֮¿԰֮ⲢطӰŤͷʵ
ৡ
µʻ˶ԼͬؽĿͶ˿
Ҳܺ棬طΪǰ뿪

˵֡
١СӣӲˣ
ſĻ£̲סЦ
š
жĻ
һ·֤طĳɳĴ˵ط綼˽⡣
ǿطȻһҳ֣ôȻҲŹձ̵ӡŷںս
طô
һͬʱҲɻ󣬸Ǻ档
λһսϢʱҪ⴫
Ӧǵǿ
ã
ͬ
ۿ˿̵ѣ֮ǰŻ֯˷԰ǰսھһ֮⣬طʵбܡ
ͬʱ
԰Բһ⣬洦ɼߵӰ
طҪսĵϢ֮˻ȫѧ磬׷˸԰ͳͳ֯԰һ֮⡣
ѧһЩСɵߺطصʿս档
ϸ۽̸塣
˸£ȫѧ˵ĳԱƾʲôǰ԰
УһؿһߴձߣŭѵùؿĻ֯Ա
Ҵӡŷڰݷңʲôʸң
ӡŷڵһɮˣҲŭڡ
ս᳤Ҫ֯ڵĸ˿
֮⣬һĸߴİˣʢ˵˵
˴Σսձ̵ӡŷǰ԰̽طսһµ࣬ԼУͳһھȴû뵽档
һ̣Ǽ֯ΧԱڣһʻմӳ¡
䲿ãЩ¶ǰ׳ǾȻǡ
յսĳԱһգһੲݵ
ߣ
Ӧǵɭ
ǣ
֯ĳԱ
㡭ʲô˼
ձ̵ӡŷںսĳԱɫͬʱһ䣬ŭĿգʵ
յ鱨ûͨ뻪ģΥķɺͻ֯涨ҪӦĴ
ޱ
Ҫ㣬ѧѾʧȥ˵λսȡ
˺ȫѧ˵ĸˣǰָʾǰ԰㾹Ȼץǡ֪ʲô𣿡
սĳԱһŭָ˵
ûѧҲ쵼
սԱĻ£ձ̵ĳԱЦץˣΥ˵Ҳձ̵սӡŷڣܳеģ
ǻģ
üһ棬Ǿܲһֱӽǻɱ
£ղٷϻֱת뿪

ȥıӰսձ̵ӡŷڵĳԱͳͳɵˣͬʱвԼͬӿֳһʡ
ѧٸˣ˵ȨôͻȻֱ֮ǿˣ
Ϊ
Ǹ꣬Ѿǰձ·ϡ
³ɺޣһ˶ϡ
Ҫ̤ƽձ̵һػĵϣ




1984 ıԵ̽
֯԰˻ѧ֮⣬ܹӽ԰Ҳ˿طһս
սձ̵ӡŷڵǿͻƹؿ֯˴ߡ˵ͨǷ;뻪ĵģΥ˻ĵķɺͻ֯Ĺ涨ܳͷ
طǷһսûսĻǱʲôΪ֪Ļ˽˴սյĽʲô

ط԰Ĵսĵ죬һսϢѸٴѸײڶ֮ƴȫÿһ䣬ÿһƶ߶У顣
ˣеΣͬʱҲ棬طǷĽ˴սսĽΡ
ȫԴͬʱٴټ̺ͿнƵ顣
ѧʲô԰Ͻۿط֮սһǵץˣ᲻ʲôè壿
һʼб̲ס˵
֮зŭɻ󣬻һ˿ԲĿֻš
û
ǿֻţ
Ϊӡŷһֱ뻪ѧ粻Ըһƶɱƻɳǿǿսձ̵ľǿߣһͬ׶ɱط磡
ɱжʧ֮󣬿һֱطű˶ҡս˵ľġ
ֱطѶŷеĵǡ
ǰطսѧǿ֮һģ䶯ȫ
ʱ뾮̡ƵͨΪط粻ܻšѧطս¶˵ָȨ
񣬻ѧһ֮ǰԺΪԴΪصķͻȻ֮ǿòԾͬʱʼҡǰжϣطĻš
У㿴ȥЩǣѵ㻳Ǹ֧Ļţ
̸ܵ˿¶Ŀֻţ̲סЦ
ǵġ
ûзһ㣬ȻطûлŵĻѧΪʲôͻȻ֮ǿˣ
ийŪ飬ΪѧɢǸ黹ŵϢǸķսȫ򣬵ֲ˹ۿ䣬޷ʵϢ
£ѧͻȻֵǿƣӶ˸ӻǸ黹ţ
Цʼնţط绹ţǼŻѧϷ
ô
û̵ͬĻǿ
̵ͬжϣǸ鲻ܻţһжǻѧı
˵ԼжϣȻŷΪ˵Ȩ֮˻ѧĲҡ
õ鱨뻪֯ĹϵһֱôãǶƻܴҲûгȵԭ
˼ǣҴͷ֯ı仪ѧԴΪص̬ȣҪ˵Ȩ֮
ǵġ
һš
УʲôʱôСˣ
̲סٴοڣ֮дżֲ
ҵСε̫죬Ҳ˻ɡ
üǶ֪ط·ûһǱ
ͻ˰벽񾳣ӵսĵʵԻΪǵجΡ˶ûаջİɣ
ţ
ٴеĻ;̲ԼͬüͷһĨǡ
Ĩǣݼţ
УûĿǰ״ǣսƿˣֻҪӮ½ǳսĸֽƶһһ
ҽ飬ǳսʼ֮ǰǱҪʵȷطǷˡ
вΪԼ뷨һؿǲս
У㡭
Щˡ
УȻôģ֤طˣ
̼״æڴĻ
һ̣ĸ÷ӵ쾡£ȱȫϣָ˿̨£ѹϵѺۡ
ô֤ʵ
Ǹһδ޽ѩ㣬ĿǰྩȥǸŮ˰ߣ⣬ȻųϢ֤Ǹ黹ţ·һȥӪŮˣⷢ
Ц˵ԼļƻѹͲط绹š
ѩ㡭
Ȼѩҹ˵ĴȨսУСƿء
һѩвֵһᣬϣֿɱ
ã
кܸɴشӦ취ֱ֤طǷ񻹻š
̣ˡ
ܵ˾̵ĺ⣬жԿеĲҲɢһЩͬʱ޵Ѿ̣лرġ
ѣӦŽᣬھȥţ
ͬҲܵʾ΢Ц˵
Ƶ̵ֹ߳Ļң˹̵һ벽ǿд忡ķ䡣
񡣡
д忡һʱӭӡ
ҸղźнƵͨҪȥһ顣̿żɽ
Ը
д忡ػص
Ǳ뻪ģһѩŮˣǸ֧δޡ
´Ȼָ֪д忡Ŀġ
ǣ񣡡
д忡ϹȻֱ뿪Լķ䣬ǰȥִо̵
ͬʱ
ʿɽ̵ſڡ
һӰƾճ֣Ȼ
ط磡
ҪıԵ̽ʱطƤߣ˹̵ſڣʼڶ㣡




1985 ָҷ
ҹĻ٣ϵĹ̵һƬ߷εͬľһվڹӵĴ࣬䵱վڡ
ţ
Ȼλߣƾճڹ̵ſڵط磬һ
Ϊ̵ձϡǿѧͬ֯һеػձΡ
̵λڸʿɽڲڵƬΪϽ˽롣
Ҫ˵ͨοͣձȨ󣬾дУûʸ򣬸Ҫ˵̵ˡ
һ£طͻȻ֣ܲ𾪣
˸£ĵط𣿣
ȹһŭѵط硣
ΪطƤߵԵʣǲûϳط硣
ңط˿غڲϢϺްߵϢ
ûнӵ֪ͨ˰ݷù̵ʶΪط󴳵ġ
ûлشطŴϷĹңдŹ̵֣ͬʱظӦ̵ʮˣа벽ˣʮˡ
˸£𣿡
ۿطĬüͷٴοѵ⣬ͬʱһط磬Ҫط綯֡
ಣ
ʱ
طָһһָХ
䡪
й̵ſϷǴǧĹң˲ѣΪ

ͻһĻ˲侪ſߡ
Уԭطߣͣ˽Ų
һ̣Ǵײһ㣬Ŀɿڴؿط磬Ǹо·ʣʲô
ͬʱſڵĶҲ˹̵ĳԱ̡д忡һ벽ǿߣͳͳſڴ
ʲô
ոմԼ뿪׼ȥٳѩд忡һ쳹̵Ͽա
СдˣϮ
Ȼд忡Ļſڵξѣ׷׾ֵش
ȻɸӦطκߵϢǶط統˵ˣһλµĵˣ
Ϊطղ÷˼ֶλ˹̵ң
ʣ˭ô
м
ۣ
ۣ
Ȼ߽Ļ˵꣬ɫУֱն˵ͷ­̵ѪͬѪţڴſڡ
طһΣһسɴ磬ֱӽ˹̵

ͬһʱ䣬ߴӸԵķ˹̵Ժ䡣
һ۱㿴̵ط磬Ҳд忡׷ӵд忡ԡ
ʲôˣҴ̵
ҹĻУд忡ضط磬ʵµϢӿ֣ط硣
ط磡
طޱԱţȴ쳹̵
ৣৣৣ

ȻطĻд忡ԺߣǾ̡һ벽ǿߺ͹̵ˣһ
˵Ӱ
˵ȫѧ磬˭֪ߣطĪ
طѶİۣ꣬Ĵ˵ûͣ
طձѧձ˳ϣǹ̵ľУҲجΣ
һ£ط統ԱţԹ̵ɵ𺳿֪
ط㵽ǻѧʲôˣȻð仪طѰ𣿡
֮࣬д忡ضط磬Ҫط翴Ƶġ
Ȼط磬Ҳطѧǿ߶ԣıģͬСֵһᡣ
̵ĺȷظط粻ܻţ
Ϊˣ˿̣ǰط磬ǻɻѧðط硣
ţ
д忡Ļ£طŤϵƤ˲仯ΪУ¶ʵĿ
˻
ɲǼ䣬д忡ڣԺĹ̵ߣǵһüĿ֮Ųš
ǲţط
ǸţطĿŵص̵
ط磬Ĺ󣬾Ȼû
д忡ٴοڣȻߣҲ֮˴ս׼ҲѾ̵ˣȻĹ󣬾Ҷ̵ֱ
ಡ
ٴд忡Ļ̺һ벽ǿڣ֣ԼͬشӸԵķڳ
Ȼ
뿪˲䣬ŲԼͬͣˡ
ҹĻ£ؿԺӡ
ϵĹ̵ſڣطұֻƣնд忡ĳһƣ
䣡
طһĳըһŨĽɫХһֻ޴ĽɫƣѸ͵д忡ˡ
һƣٶȿ磬ɫݻƣ˲Ϣ
壡
һ̣Ǿ̡д忡һ벽ǿߣĹ̵ߣвԼͬӿֳĸ֡
˶ۿս԰¹˹ɱƻĵĳ£
һɴδйĿ־壬˲ڰд忡˵ͷ
־֮£д忡֮⣬վԺߣûκξٶҲκξٶ
ৣ
Σ٣д忡ֱ˫ֺʮһֵѸ͵ն˺ХĽɫơ

д忡ֵնѿһ硣
Ȼ
ǵײɫ֮ͬѻʯ˲仯ΪС
󣬽ɫƴ϶£д忡˫֡
䣡
µײͬڵըƾˡ
ҹĻУɫɢд忡˫֮ϵĵâʧ
꣡
Ĺд忡˫ѣ˱ɫУͬڵһ㣬ֱըΪһѪ
ɱ
Ϊ̵벽ǿ֮һд忡ֱӱطһ
д忡ϽߣܵҲ׷ը˲

һĻţڣڳÿһˣ
һ̣ǵ˫۵ɵùԲϳŲ˼飡
ƺǲţǰһУ
ţ
˻عطһӣǽɫƶȻһɫϸߣȺкɨ
ۡ
ɲǼ䣬Ѫɽʬء
ԺʣʮߣδӾлع񣬱㱻ɫϸߣնϣͳͳ
չձ̵
ط絯ָɱд忡֮󣬼ǰͳ쳹̵ϿգͬĺðˣеëȻ




1986 ϴУ޵зɣ
ҹĻ£طͬף쳹ڹ̵Ͽգþòɢ
£ط粻εԼϢͬһѵս񣬻³ųսɭɱ⡣
ৡ
طĻطǹɿֲսɱ⣬طղŵָɱд忡ĳ棬̵˵ɫٴαˣ
ǣ̺͹̵һ벽ǿߡ
Ƕζʲô
޷
ڵǿ֮УֻǼ¹˹ͨһ㣬Դ˻ɱƻġ
Ǵ˵ǿ߲飡
طղƾ壬һд忡
Ȼд忡ʵ֮еףֻһİ벽ǿߣҲǰ벽ǿֱ߰ӱĲӬһˣ
Ҫôǿս
̺벽ǿ߶֪ǶͨӦطϢֻǽӽ벽ǿеİ
ϸ˵Ϣǿжϣط绹ǰ벽ǿеİ
֣þһ
Ǹطʵʵֻǰ벽񾳰ֻͨĳط壬ս
֧飬ڣΪĹأ
жϣڣ˲˼£ɫ֣ſµɱ⡣
ৣ
£̳һѹӵձѩף¹⣬âۣȥޱȡ
еıձϡı֮һ
ձ̵ձ̵ǿ˴ȥս
һ죬طǿƴձ̵ǿˣҿǰѱ
ʱգձ̵ûȥҪر
Ϊձ̵ûʵ뻪ѧ翹⣬Ҫȡ裡
Ĺܹ죬ҪʽУ
̰ε֮ǶŹ̵һ벽ǿһ䣬ȻʣµĻָʾɣľʦӭУȫ뿪
Ȼ֪벽ǿ֮սǻ߿Բģ̵ʣЩѹ𲻵κãᱻսɥա
֮⣬Ȼжطʵսжϣûаսطɱ
ԭ򣬾뿪
һɣľطУ̵Ҳ˴еĻ֡
ǣˣ
Щߵһʱ俪ڻӦͬʱط磬ϳŭ⡢⣬ɱ⡣
Ƕǹ̵ǿߣΪϸѵؼ̳ձʿǿ־Թ̵ġ
Ƕ֪طĶ֣ƴһս෴Ƕ뾮һͬɱط磡
Ȼ
̵ɭϵĹأ¼ϼ
̵ǸһУκΥ
ʶͳͳѡ˻Ӧ
£Щ߱㶯׼뿪
𣿡
ط״
֧飬ʲôܾҵȥ
̵ͺһǶѪطٴ
ȻҪԼս۷壬ƴ
ɣľҲˣ
Ҫɱˣֹ𣿡
طһָ̧䡣
ಣ
ಣ
ಣ

ɲǼ䣬һɫطָ۳һſŽɫӵХЩߡ
˸£
ŭһһ˲˵һǿб˳նֱӽХĽɫӵ顣
ɣľҲһʱӶһߵס˽ɫӵ
ʣЩ߾ûôõˣȫûĻ͵ֵ
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ

һ켸ͬʱ𣬻һЩߵԴ׷ױɫӵУ˲ը
һĻǾ̣ɣľû۵õѪ
ΪЩߣǹ̵ľӢǹ̵δ
ط絯ָǻɱֱӶ˹̵ĴУ
飬
Ȼ۶ԣиǷŭֻһ˫ֳֵһӰѸ͵سطɱ
ৣ
ɣľҲͣͬһѷıɱڵط硣
ʵȻ񣬵Ҳӵа벽ǿ߰ʵ
˿̣ɣľ֣Ӳͬķɱɲһһڶô򵥣޽ӽ񾳵ǿߣҲҪâ
Ȼ
ط磡
ҹĻ£طȫӾɣľ֣ٴָɫ塣
飡飡
죬ߵҲըˡ
ˣ̵ʮߣֻʣ¾ɣľˣ

ͬһʱ䣬ɣľɱڣͬ𱻼ŭɱһ㣬ͬʱ˵طǰб˳նط磡


⣬һ
ĵХи˿նˣնط硣
ϯɣľѪڣھӿ֮Уĵϱɫ֣ɢſµ·ҪһɽƵģֲ
Ȼ
˿µļлطȴ㲻
ҹĻ£ӱֱǹ˫ͬʱ˫ȭգӭžɣľˣͬʱ
ǹһʽ̣
һ̣طٴζԼдѧӦУһĶķ
ɲǼ䣬ɫط˫ȭ֮ӿѽɫĳǹſµѸ͵ش˾ɣľˣ
һս
طԾ̺ɣľлǰ£ǿƻɱߣȻվԭأһжӲգչ޵еķɣ


1987 ɱ
ﬣ
ﬣ
ҹĻ£ɣľˣͬʱ˺ХĽɫǹĳǹײһ𣬷졣
䡪
촫ɫǹ뾮̡ɣľбϵγɵĵâײһڵըƾˡ
ɿµ籩ײΪԲģϯΧĻľɨ֮˲ը
ͬʱǾ̣ɣľһɿµķӲܿƵسȥµĵש׷ըɨУֱӻΪʧ
У岽סΣɣľʮֱײ̵һݲͣ¡
顪
ҵײ֮£ǶľʷݵһǽڱײѣݺȻ

þɣľо
ȻǸղĿãطһд忡һĻط罻ֹȻطս𾪣
û
𾪣
Ϊǵ֪һж޷רעԸһˣл˼ɣʽҲ˶½
طղţӾɣľĹǿƻɱߣ󵱾̺ɣľǰʱų֣ͬʱһжȴˣ
⡭ȫ˾ɣľ
һ̣̺ɣľѸסڷѪҵھͬʱɴ۾ԺаȻط磬Ǹо·ʣϢûа벽ǿ߰ǿΪսôֲ
ûд𰸡
һ̣Ⱦ̺ɣľлعطӰԺʧ磬ɣľ
һ˾ɣľ֮طҪȽɣľɱ
Σգ
ɲǼ䣬ɣľеǰδеΣͷϢ֣
Σʱ̣ɣľһΣλһӰٳһȥ
ܣ
طɣľӲӲѡܡ
ΪͨղŵĽ֣֪Ǿ̣޷طӲգֻߣ֮еİɱֶΣ˴ϣѰһᣬطɱ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
䣡
ɣľӣոŲһ촫
һɫֱӽɣľС
ڰ
ͻһĻɣľŵøεѣ
ȻδǰȣͨƵۿս԰¹˹ɱֻĵĻ£Ҳס˰¹˹ĿֲɱСڰ
ôܣ
ͬʱҲһı顣
ɣľԣԺڰӡ̡
ؿסɣľ¹˹һޣΨһһǽɫһǺɫ
̷֮࣬߶ھת£ٶȷӵ£ط硣
Ҫֹطɱɣľ
һ򲽽ֹҲطɱɣľļ϶ط֣
ƣ
ɫ֮УɣľȻ־֣Ͼǰ벽ǿеİǿ־
ľȥŭţù̵ɱУ˫ֳֵŽɫһ
䡪
ɣľһâҫſµֱӽɫһ
ţ
ɣľ΢΢һ
Ȼû뵽ԼôױƵ˽ɫ
Сģ
ʱļǵرһͼɣľ
Ȼ
ˣ
͵ɣľɫ˲䣬طͬһɣľǰ˫ͬʱӳʰ״Ȼɱ
ȭռɱ
ɱ
һΣط綯˾洫ɱС
ɲǼ䣬ɫط˫֮ӿһɫḥ̂ĥָ㣬һͼ
ɣľξѣȴֻƾǿսܣӳбһնɫĥ̡
ﬣ
촫ɣľһнɫḥ̂ȴ޷ղһУ෴еıֱӱ𣬲֡
һУֻΪطʹõĽɫģ°¹˹ɱУֻΣ⣬Ŀɣľͬʱֹɣľߡ
ɱɱɣľʽ
طϰȭѾãҽȭѪط͹̩ȭѪطںϣԼѪط
ĳ̶ֳ˵ȭԶ˾ҵÿһˡ
˿̣԰벽񾳵ľ߶ݻ˽ɫḥ̂Զǵ˿ɱȣд书ľȣҲδرطǿ

ۿԼûɫḥ̂ɣľо˻ͬʱ߶ھ壬ͼסɫĥ̵Ľɱһжͽ͵ġ
ۡ
ɫĥ˲佫ɣľûݿƵɣľĻھֱӽɣľʳһࡣ

ͬһʱ䣬ͬһطڿֱֳط硣
˵һ
ҹĻ£ǻһ׵ޱߵɱ⣬̳˿ֲĵ⣬ѩ׵ĵ˸ڵĵâ
ԸԳطɱɣľ¶طĺġ
ǴɱҲǾɱ
֮飬ҲŹ⻪
Ȼ
ط·ԤƵģͬƵȻתͬʱ˵һ羪ը졣
ȭӣ
طұӵתȻ𣬻һ˴ǹӱɱľ̡
ǹڶʽ

Ծ̵ıɱط罫ɱõ£ʺϵʽӭ
һȭӿطȭǰһ˽ɫǹҫ
䣡
ǹײըٴβ˿µ籩
籩ģط˿µ˲ѿҳӣͬ֩һ顣
бĵâ˲ð˱õɶʹֱ۽ӲѪھʧصļ
ಣಣಣ
ƿ
ڿУȻö｣Ͳ֮мХط硣

طһӣһɫӿ׼ȷޱȵػö｣
ö｣˲ѣ˺ɫ塣
̣
ö｣̺֮Ŷ̡
ֶǾֵƵģǰ벽ǿ룬Ҳж
̷طסٴĳһƣɫݻһӣ͵һȣ˲䱻ȵɢһΣ޷ط硣
ž
ͬʱ̵أڵһ㣬ͬһӰٳŹ̵ȥ

й󣬾ܵԼطĲ֪ܻ࣬ɱط磬ʶðط磬ΪԼĻᡣ
ӵ𣿣
طһȣִһһ̵֧ǰ
Σգ
ͷһһ٣ܿɫȻı䷽
Ȼ
һΣ٣ȻطͬһɽƵģ߷ǰסȥ·
·ӣ




1988 򽣹ڣ̤ƽ̵
̡
Ϊѽӵ˼£طȴͬСֱӱطʶƣסȥ·޴ӡ
ҹĻ£ŻŽ⡢Ȼط磬ӿֳУǿֻš
ղųձ̵Ľ֮⣬ѾеֶΣط˫ʵͬһΡ
ط磬ĵǰ¹˹񣡡
ܾпֻţδϣһɭضط磬Ҳϧһд۶ƴղУҲҪʹۣʱ㽫ȥԸȷҪ
֪ҸղΪʲôûɱ𣿡
طޱؿẓ̌ڿһСڱݡ
Ϊʲô
һʶʵ
иֵܽӥȫѧбձѧŻܣˡգձѧţҽбĻύӥֵܡΪһЩԭҺֻɱձѧţӥֵʧȥѩܵĻᡣ
طޱ˵սӥֵܵ棬Ͻʥнǰսձ̵Ĺͣ
㡭ʲô˼գǹ̵δǳսûжԻѧ˳֣
üͷǸطǰѰ𣬳˵ձѧµԼ׶ɱ֮⣬ԭ
Ϊձ̵ӡŷںսûв룬˵ʵ·磬нǰŻս
ط˵ţɭ䡣
Ȼнս֮ʱط粢ֳܹ󣬵ʱĻһҡ
Ϊһ㣬Ҫ̵ӡŷںս
ӡ֤ԼĲ²⣬ͬʱеЩ˼顣
Ͼ˵ĺȫĻ˵ʵۿۣôս
Ǳ̤ƽ
ط˵ôֻ࣬㣬ҪɽɵľѧɱԴ˼нǰ֮飡
ط磬̫ˣ
ٴطĻֱ̤ϵĸо
Ϊ֪طԼдѧҲϰǿ书
ط綯Щ书սԱȶɽɵ书ǿ
ط˵ղǷǶԾ̵ӣ
Ȼ
һ̣̱ϿȥܷŭȴϲͬʱжѪط߶ھ׼ýƴ
ȻĻᣬҲǾѵĻᡪطдطػ
ط磬ҵҪôûɽɵ书ɱң
Ȼ̵ƴﵽۣһȣΪԼҲڼط磬ط綯ɽɵ书
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

䣬ƿ
̽һΣٶȷӵ˼¡
ɲǼ䣬̵ԺﾹȻ˾ŵ̵Ӱ

һ̶̣ǿüٶȣĿԻ֡
ɲǼ䣬ŵͬʱط磬оŸͬʱֲ֣
Ȼ
һУط粻Ϊ˫ۣȥΧһж̵Ϣ
ƭˣ̵Ϣƭˡ
ʤС
طЧķʽֱþ̵Ĺʧȥ塣
ն꣡
ۿʧȥ壬һŵӰһ˲طǰ˫ֳֵطһ
һնڵĺɫ׷ڣӿֱӱ鲼ȫļ˫۶ɫǱħһ㡣
ܵĺɫݻһž޴Ĺ
ǹɭ}ˣйǺʵڡ
֮⣬ǰѱѩ׵Ҳױɫĵââͬʹ״
նꡣ
ǹ̵ΪֲĽ֮ݻˣɭϢԵ˷񹥻ĿڸźͻƵ˵ľ־˻㱣Ӷһɱ
еĽһնҲҪۡҪеһ֮У޷նɱ֣Ϊϵ⣬ɶԷ׸
˿̣̱ˣ
һеھ;
һǿһ
һǿǿߣҲҪâ
Ȼ
ط磡
ļ
֮УطǿıǡġҲǾ־Ǽᶨɽ
Ҳˣſ壡
̶áնꡯľ񹥻δطľ־ûжطɾš
򽣹ڣ
ҹĻ£طһȣ̵ͬĺˮһ㣬⣬ݻһһ֮
ЩݻıƯڿУطܣ飬޾

طһ𣬼ƽУұΪǾ̿ͷɱһ㣬̡
ЩƯߵ֮Ҳط磬ǰȥ
󡭡
֮Ȼۣγһѽʵʵıһ⣬˲˺ХĹâ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬촫ǺɫĹâӦը
ɫɢڱĵ֮ϣ֮죬ֱӽ˾̵˫֡
ţɫ޼᲻ݣֱӽھΧĺɫ̳һ
꣡
ۡ
̵Ļƣͷѵ֮𣬶Ǳڵһ㣬ըѪɡ
ЩѪⱻɨķɨУ˲仯ΪУʧ
ڶýնꡯǰ£طɽǿɱС򽣹ڡУɱʬ޴棡
ˣ̵ʮˣһ
طֹסΣȻԺУɨһܣȷû֮һ̧һɫƣ̵ľʷݡ
䣡
䣡
䣡

һ죬̵ķȺӦ󳹵Ϊһѷ档
һУطóֻżΪƽصĹ̵һƬȻ󷢸ɽ¡
ʮ֮Ƭ˰̳һ仰
ձ̵𣡡
ط硣




1989 ޵
½ط̤ƽ̵Ƭ̳֮󣬺ܿ㱻̳Աö죬Ϊ
ͬʱϢѸײڶ֮ƣѸٴȫ
鱨ԱڽӵϢ֮󣬷׷׵̳鿴ԭ°̳߻Աǡ
֮⣬Ҳһʱɳձ鱨Աǰձ̵ܲʵ
ϵ۰ֱţ
㻪طûҲ޷ƾһ֮ձ̵ɣϾձ̵벽ǿ򣡡
@֯࣡

̳ٴηˣսһ졣
һ棬طһֱȫѧĵըӼһһܹע
ֵϢ֮ȫ˶֪ǷĻţ
һ棬ط̤ƽձ̵ǾȫѧĴ¼
Ͼձ̵Ѵǧ꣬ձѧػ͵̣Ҳ˵ĺ֮һ
¹شӰԶ
̳ĻԱ飬𾪣ط֧˷ܣν侲۽зһ˽Ҷѵ̬˵һʱ@֯Ѱࡣ
·˹Ϊ֯Сȣһʱ֪ط̤ƽձ̵Ϣ
˿̣ڵǰ·ӣҲ@֯˼ӷ壬ͬʱǷҪлظ
Ƭ֮жϣȻ½֯ڰ̳ʺţһӡ
ط磬ǿߣ
ӵı⡣
ս֮˶Ϊطˣʵʹ׷ɱҲΪ׵ǿߵȻǱıչذ꣬ͻư벽񾳣³֣
ϣٻѧءϡǿңǿѹģĳ
֮ͣЪֱӸϵձ̵ƾһ֮ɱڵ벽ǿߣ̤ƽձ̵
طս֮Уֳǿս
ݻطͬ޵еս֯жϣطѳΪǿߣ
֮⣬طȵٻңȻǰձ̵һʷǰĴ㣡
пܻǰӡŷڡս㣬
ӵݡ
Ӿͷ·һذը˰ֱ̳ԭڵİ̳ըˣ
ϵ۰ط粻ûΪȫǿߣҲ̫˼˰ɣ
֯ȫ鱨֯֯Ϣûгֹ󡣼Ȼ֯˵طǵǿߣǾһǣ
Щ˵ط˵ˣӳ
ô˵ط粻վۣ֮ǰǲţ𣿡

̳ϣܶԭطƾһ֮ձ̵ֻ̬ȵˣ׷ױ֯ˡ
Щط֧ߣһǹһֱ̳ߣ˭˭Ǹоͷ·ԼΪ˵ǿߣ
ǰ̳ȫ֯Ӷˡ
ٸԡ
ȻûΪ˵ǿߣ̫˼ˣ
ڽ̻˹СãϢĿɿڴ
ǲ˼顣
˹ҲǸ̾ѡ
ڣ͢ˣΪطս
ΪˣطֵϢʱǺձ̵ӡŷںսһǲŵġ
طڰ̳ʺٴζձ̵ҽ֤֯ʵطǵǿߣ
⡭˹𺳣ȰС
ϧ
𾪹󣬰뵽Լͽ͢˲ط罻֯һϳź
ϧӦҡ
̻˹û֮ҡͷӦңֻ֧սƿˣûаսѹѧ磬򣬽͢鷳ˣ
̻ʱ£˵ʱѡ͢Ȣңڻʲôӣ
ȫû̻˹˵ʲôɳԼź֮Уһ裬YY

̻˹һ˵ðѵĻ

̫
ڵ벽ǿߣҲطձ̵飬һ
ڣط᲻Ϊ֧սƿˣǲǳ֣
ɼʵ̫ǰ˻ѧս̸С
Ӧòᡣ
˼һҡҡͷϾսҪƿ˵ʱ򣬿Լѧˡ

ôһ˵ɼһ벽ǿߣǰ˿
ʵ˵̫ձ̵˼֮ġ
һطҪԷֵ̫ĻǷ̫ѣ
ɳʵҲ¡෴ʱֹȨŭսΪпܻɳʵδ档
о˸ٴοڵӡŷںս٣кȥϴʾĻҲܱסСƱػձ̵һط
ط޵𣿡
ɼһ벽ǿߣ̲סʵ
Ҳ֪Ƿ޵У֪ͬ޵У
һһ




1990 Ǹ
ҹɫŨбң¹ӡһɲĹɲԵøʥ
ӡŷڵܲҲӡŷڵʥɿе벽ǿ
ڷڲΪʥɮ
ɲ⿪ţ֪֮٣ǷڲҲֻҪԱʸ֪ܹ̤߸Ƿëǡ
ͨ£е벽ǿߣַڵ˱չأֻشʱ򣬲Żһͬء
һϣк벽ǿߺͬʱء
ǿе˻벽ǿߡ
УʲôôżȻͬʱѣ
벽ǿеķ󣬾һɻһֱӿżɽѯʡ
ѵսҪ𣿡
һ벽ǿҲʵ
ֻÿоǱչء
ǳսأĦ˵ɫĦǣɡ
ǣʥɮ
ӦӦӡŷڵ鱨Ħ߽˷䣬ʺãĦǰݼλʥɮ
Ħǣ㽫˵һ¡ָʾ
ǣʥɮ
ĦǵһʱȻɫӵػ㱨ǰطֲսĵϢ
糿Աǰ԰ھ԰һ֮⣬ֻлѧĺĳԱ˳ִ԰طǷı䣬
طڰ̳Ϣձ̵
Ϣ֮󣬽֯ڰ̳֤ʵ£ƻطûĳ
ղţڣ鱨Աǰձ̵кʵձ̵ȷʵΪ˷棬ֳдսʿ䡣
ৣৣ
ĦǵĻӡŷ벽ǿߣǾɫһ䣡
սδ룬ʱˣͨƵ˽ۼֻ֤ĵ䣬Ҳ֪ط类ʹɱϢ
񣬰Ħ˵ط粻ûûǿ֮һĳӵλ벽ǿߵձ̵
⡭Ǿֱ޷ݣ
ǣǸȥ꣬ͻȻֲ˵һ֮춯صĴ£
ǣӡŷҲطг𣬼Ȼط籨ձ̵ô᲻ᱨӡŷڣ
֮⣬ݽ֯ƶϣطпܶǺս֡
·Ϊӡ֤벽ǿߵĲ²ƵģĦٴοڣ֮гŲ
û
ǲ
Ϊӡŷڵ鱨ˣԸָơ
Ȼطܹձ̵ôһӡŷڳ֣ӡŷڵĩգ

к벽ǿߣҲԴ֪
Ѿ˾
벽ǿߴӾлع񣬿صأŷڵӡδԣ˽ǻѡ
ǡǸطôôǿ
ǰŶ̶̰ʱ䣬ôǿ˵ز
벽ǿξѣȺ󿪿ڣƺЩĦǰĻ㱨
ⲻҪҪҪô
ж벽ǿߵķӦδе֣Ҳûз𣬶ڲ˳صĿģȻֱ˵ԼĴ㡣
Ҹ˾ϵĻ֪֯ǣҪȥݷá֯ͬ⣬ⷢ
Ҫô𣿡
һ벽ǿЩ֪пеİݷãʵǳ˼
˵ĻսǱô죿һ벽ǿʵ
ѵиõѡ𣿡
зʣȻ˳Ĭֲ֯Ǳ߲ͬĻȥսùϵĻĳ˵ǽһ
һҲϣγ֡
ΪջطĳɳͬδйһܣܹԾǿ߾ɱۡ
Ҳ˵пͬ޵У
ǺսһʤҲСοͨɱȸַʽƣ
УѡǶԵġµֻܱսתͶѧ硣
ϣ֯ᣡ
еĻ벽ǿüͷһص˵
Ȼû飬ǾˡԸ֯Ǳߴ绰
м״ٷϻֱİ壬ҾԴ绰
Ħԣᣬһʱ佫ԼֻͳȻҵ֯ιĵ绰ͨݸУʥɮ֯Ŀǰɹճ
á
绰ܿͨͲд˹
ãΣǿС
нӹֻԱţûбֳһΪ벽ǿߺӡŷƶߵ̬Թʮء
һУֻΪط𣬸ıȫѧĸ֣
ʲô𣿡
꿪ʵ֮û˿أòݡ
һ棬ӡŷڵΪùмǺޡ
һ棬δձ̵ӡŷںս飬ͳͳط˼졣
ڴ֮ǰط繵֪ͨط̬ȡǿƣ
Σģ׼Դǰģݷû֯κطʦ
ûжȦӣֱ˵绰Ŀġ
ݷã
Цһӡŷһ뻪ѧϵѣ˲طɱã֯ط籾˻ǵİݷ𣿡
ৣৣৣৣ
ܿڵ绰֮ͨǰҲܾ֯˿Ļǵɫǲһ䡣
ΣҴг˰ݷ֮⣬ҪĿطʦͻѧǸҾֻ֧ѧƹˣδǳս
ҧҧֱӽΪ벽ǿߡӡŷƶߵϺӡŷڵҫͳͳ׵⣬ڵ绰˵˵Ǹ֡
ط˵ˣǸǲҪֻǱҪֳ⣡
·Ѳµûа㾪ȣԭⲻתطĻ
ʮСʱ֮ӡŷڵĳ⣬㣡




1991 ȭͷӲ
£ֱӹҶ˵绰
ط̬ȣҲŻѧ־ԣ
ཡཡ
Ͳ֮дäǿУ벽ǿߺĦǣɫһ䡣
ȻǶѧпܻܾû뵽˵Ǹ֮󣬻һֽ
ѧ̫ſˣǸطͬ޵УǾһҲ˼֣𣿣
İƣһ벽ǿŭ˵
ʥɮǻطһѪǿƣ˵һ⣬ѧطΪ̬ȴŻѧ־
Ħԥһ£ǿˡ
Ϊӡŷڵ鱨ˣԸ˽̶ȱȿ˸࣬ط˽Ҳ͸
Уô죿
һ벽ǿǽĿͶ˿С
ѧͷط
мҧ˵仰üĿ֮価衣
Ϊӡŷڵƶߣʱ
ͬģӡŷΪǿѧ֮һ񣬺ʱܹ裿
Ȼ
ƱǿһţӡŷڶʮСʱ֮ûʲôôطͻӡŷڸձ̵ĺ󳾣
еĻ벽ǿߺĦǣҲеޱ裬нͣûп
֪ģҲ֪ûа취Ǹûа취
ʮӡ
ʮӺӡŷڷ
ӡŷڿнմǰģ͵ŷڵɱطһ£طǸĻ֯˵ûв֮սԭ
бʾȫֻ֧ѧ쵼ˣδս
һȫ𶯣
һӺ㴫սƶĶС
Ϣս鱨Ƶ㱨ġ
֮⣬սī벽ǿҲڳƻ㱨ӡŷڷ֮ǰӦطı
ģ쵰
ƻ㱨֮Ϊս⸺˵ŭһ
ѣرѣīҲŭ
ĿǰƶǶԣʮ⣬Ǳ취
һпƶİ벽ǿ߿ˣսսڵڶ
һ䣬չأ־ΪᶨͬʱҲӵг޷ӵе侲
Ϊˣûīǰ㱩ꡢŭһѪָ˹ؼ
ſƶĻ£īһ벽ǿߺƣԼͬؽĿͶ
ҵ׶ˣһ࣬üĿ֮ӿŭ⣬δīǰ㵱ǽؿţͬʱ˼Žİ취
սҪҪȫѧ˺˵壬֯һݺԴΪص壬û֯ԼǸĻ쵰
ڣһ벽ǿߵǱ˵Լ飬ȻԸΪ˴֣óȨôΪ˴֣ԼطǸ쵰Ҳпܵģ
ǱˣΪʵʩĿԺС
ǱĻƿһüͷø˼
Ħ⡣
һϸ£ҪļܣΪս鱨˵ƣⷽúܺá
ղţǱĽܻð׳ݣܲˣҲʺϵָǱܷҲ˵ʲôôֻվˡ
Ϊʲô
ǱüʵԲá
ǱˣȫûдҲ˶óȨһǰᣬʱ˶Ϊطˡ
ƿڻӦƽоݣ񣬻ط֣ͻ˰벽񾳣ƾһ֮ձ̵
ͻƣûѧһλǿߣ׳˻ѧʵûѧӵе
ǣڸղţӡŷѾѡǣͶѧ磡
˵طѳΪ˻ѧ֯ȥԼ
һ򲽽ջط·¿ͻ֯ȥԼҲԼǻᰴļƻ£
˵е
ͬƣս⹤ط˽վͬʱҲԻѧָơ
ƣȥ˵һݻ֪ͨʱ䶨ں죬ص㶨ڻĶ
Ļ£Ὠ顢˵ֱ˾֮⣬սһս˻ڼ䣬ݷû֯Э̣һ£
ǣս񣡡
ƵһʱȻƶ˶û飬뿪˻ҡ
һСʱ
ӡŷڷ֮˵Ļ֪ͨսȺ󷢲ȫ򳹵ըˣ
ط̫ǿˣ
ǵģط֣ȫַش仯
˵սὫ˵Ȩصѧ𣿡

һʱ䣬ȫ顣
Ҳڽӵ֪ͨͿսϵط硣
С磬ӦѾ֪ӡŷںսǱķӦ˰ɣ
绰ͨżɽʵ
ǵģΡطȷӦ
طձ̵֮һֱڰ̳ϣҲʱ̶ȫ̬һʲô紵ݶһʱ֪ط硣
С磬ҽӡŷںս˵ྩˣǵ̬ȣһ㣬㿴أ
˵ԼĽ飬ѯط
Σӡŷڱֳ˳⣬ֻҪӡŷڵ飬һʹ
طӦնսǲûó⣬ڰڼӡǻ鵱죬šջ˵ȨҽҸ˵壬ս㣡
С硭
ɫ΢΢һ䣬˵ʲô
Ȼ
һΣδĻ˵ڣ㱻طϡ
ΣЩʱȭͷӲЩֻд¡ǲŻʵ
طһһӹɡ
ã㽫Ի֯εݳڻϣѧ֧һо
ܵطľģհǰ˺ֱӱ̬ȡ




1992 Թͬ
ҹྩɵƻͨʱʱܿɻ𽵣ҲܿԱڻĸæµ
賿㣬һձྩĿͻ׼ʱؽྩʻ
Ƕྩһຽ࣬طƤߣڸúľò
̤ƽձ̵֮󣬱һʱຽ෵̡
ɽ֮ط罫ֻ㿴յ磬½
С磬˵ƾΪ֯Σܾˣ
绰֮ͨȿʵ
ǵģ塣֪εĺ⣬ûôףӰܹ㡣⣬ݶҶԣûʲô壬Ҿܾˡطص
طϷྩĿͻ֮ǰͨ
طͨԼ̬֮󣬿Ϊ֧ط磬ط絣λ֯ݲμս˻飬طܾˡ
طַ֪ʽŻ֯ѧԼ֧֣Ҳ֪ԼҪλ֯ΣҪٿ߹Ļİ޴
Ƿؽң
طͷͷͨͷ뿪ģ̶ܴΪؽ
ؽϻ֯طʵʩץ
ط翴ؽԣط絣λ֯ΣԴ⣡
ҡ
طȺһҺͽθػƺ
ǻ֯Ҫѡط統Σطýֺͷ뵽һ뾡һа취ֹ
һ£»֯ͦҲѰ쵽ܳɹҲоܳһʱ䡣
֮⣬طҲԼԻ֯εݲμǸ飬Ϊ׵սԼ֣Ӱ쵽Ĺϵ֯Ϳյ˽еΣ
Ӹ˽Ƕȶԣط粻ϣԼΪӰ쵽յˣӹ˵ΪҲϣ鷳
ҪԸ˵壬˵Ļϣ
ðɡ
ԣûٶ鷢ʵˣС磬ɳʵӡŷڶִྩҪݷû֯רᵽҪݷ㣬ô죿
壬Ըɳʵˣӡŷڵˣ߿Уһ˵Ļ档ط̬ȡ
ɳʵһֱֻ֧ѧƶˣֻսطѶҲδıϴ˵Ļŭ
һУطԶɳʵøУȻᲵ˶ɳʵӡ
£طֲڻ֯ǷҪӡŷڣǾɡ
ǿ϶ǰ̬ȣӡŷڵˡ
պܸɴ˵
ҲطڻѧĵλҲҪƾطΪ֯Σط˽˹ϵҲ֧طһо
οԣӡŷҲ䲻
壬ɳʵ˼Ǽ㣿طʵ
㣬ڻ֯ܲջص
壬֮ǰϵ֯ܲ
ã
˵ţҶ˵绰ףطӡŷڵˣӡŷڵ˵Ļϣս˺ǿߵ棬

룬طϵ֯ܲʱ򣬶ɳʵ˻ûеֻ칫ǶŽˡ
С磡
طִ֮󣬿ͳͳſӭӡ
ûлӦط̧ͷϤĹŽԺвɸֳֻĵӰҲԼֻⶰŽｻ̸дѧĳ
һⶰŽֻģս֮ǰ
ִʦģƽ֮󣬱
ط΢΢һ۾аһȻս˫ȭ˲ӿֳһŨҵµɱ⣡
˲ܵǹɱ⣬ҲµطΪλͻɱ⣬ûп
ΣΣ塣
طۣһǰ
£ȿ˿ڣһ˹аͳʻ˻֯ܲŹŽʻ
ɲǼ䣬طӦ벽ǿߵϢ֮⣬ǿߵϢ
Ϊˣطףɳʵ˴㳲ݷû֯
ɳʵˣСҪҪͿεȣ
ͬӦǼϢʵ
壬ɳʵһֱ֧ǣѣҴ˴ΰݷ㳲Ǳֳ㹻ֺ֧أͶұſӭӰɡط˵
㾴֣Ҿһߣ
һʮ֮
Թ
طһֱ硣
Դ֪Ҳȷʵøɳʵ߹ĽӴ
Ƭ̺󣬿˹аͳʻ˹Žſڣȴӳµһӡ
ǻ֯粿ĸˣ־
־³֮ɳʵ벽ǿߺǿ߰Ⱥ³
λʦӭģ֯ܲ
ط硢ϣȭ񣬿ڻӭ
״ʦشʦΡ䲿
΢ЦſڻͬʱĿطϡ
ɳʵˣҲ׷׿ط硣
ǶԣطֱȫѧĴ棬һһ˵ƾһ̤֮ƽձ̵𾪲ѣ
ʦܸٴμҲܸʶλʦ
ط˵Ŀ⣬ǰһУ΢Ц˴кȻлͶɳʵһֱԻѧ֧֣ǣϴ˵Ļִԣݶ飬Һͻѧ綼ģ
ллشʦ
ԣдϲæл
ɳʵصǰһϵྩݷطͻ֯ҪĿֻ
һĿطķɡ
ܶһͶɳʵˣͨطѹĺ̤ƽձ̵жϳطӵ֮޵еս
ַͨʽ뻪֯ĹϵӶδǳսʤ֮󣬵õĺô
ǿȻطôѧȻƿˣ
طҲˣӮýǳսҲ
ݵĿ׺֮󣬿ط罫ӭֻǰ칫ĹŽ
С磬Ѿ˵ִྩٴ㣬ҪԸĳͷ
˽Ž֮սһ绰Ȼ룬ֱӵ˵棬֪طԼӵӡŷڵĵ绰
壬ӡŷڵˣֻĻϼǣǿѡ񲻼
طֱӵ˵شգƽ˶ܸܵطǿơӡŷھܾǵѰ·
á
յͷֱ뿪Ӵǰȥӡŷڵ˻ػ
Ϊ׵Ķɳʵˣɫ΢䡣
һ̣Ƕңɳʵڻѧ͹ȵʱû侮ʯͦף
ë뵽ǽ첻õطԽӼǻӡŷһԱŸͬʱҪĻʧȥеϺҫ
֮⣬Ҳڴ˻顣
עһᱻȫѧʷĻ飡




1993 ȫǿ߶ˣ
һ죬ȫĿ۽ģ۽
Ϊ˵Ļ齫ڻĶٿ
ⳡϴ˵Ļһ£ʱ̣֮ʷ֮
ϴλУսձ̵ӡŷڣȻ֯˵ָȨŷ޽͢ͷ̫Ͷ޳ƱɳʵЧ
λսطձ̵ҽпܶսӡŷڳ֣Ӱش
Ϊˣ˵ĺ㳲а벽ǿȫأһͬ˶
ľٰصǶѧѧİ칫أΪѧЭ᳤ʢϹһͬӴ
ԽӼ¡شʦͬ
⣬Ҳˣӧ̬ս֮ǰ֮
֮⣬ѧɵĴҲͳͳˡ
ԭ˵ĻûʲôϵǶ֪طпܻڻ᳡ӡŷںս
һ£Ϊ˸طվ̨ҲٴĿطķɣ֤ط´˵
ٿʱ㣬ӵʱ򣬶ɳʵȵˣַʽŶԻѧغ֧֡
ǻģ֪ǰһСʱ˵ִ֮Դ¡ĵӭӡ
ʦλʦá
Ϊˣʺá
ʦãλʦá
򿪿ڻӦĿδɨûзطӰĿĵϣͬʱܹظܵĵϢʮǿ
֣һͬʱףĽ׳ط硣
жط塣
طǱıչذ꣬ͻư벽񾳣֮ƾһֱ֮Ӹı˻ѧľ棬Ҳڽոıȫѧľ棡
ݵĺѹ󣬿˴˶ѧЭ칫¥ڻȲ졣
ʱŷ޽͢˵ˡ
һΣӵŷ޽͢Ͻ̻Ī̻˹ڽ̲ͼͬ
֮⣬صĽ͢ڽ̲³ҲһĪһͬǰ
ԭ³һ䣬ȫչأȳ˵е񾳳ɹ֮ٳأĪ֪λҪԣǰ˵³
³˶ط˺棬Ҳλпܷսʶʶһطķɣطǲ˵еôֲ
ͬʱҲô˴λᣬܷҵʵͻѧ
ӵĻ㱨֮󣬲δ¥ǰȥӭӣù꽫˴ҡ
Զɳʵ̬ȣγ˽Ȼķ
ظ̬ܵȵĲŲõЦݡ
Ϊ֪ԼɳʵǰΪӮ˻ѧꡣ
װѣܶûмˡ
Ī֮˵ȿڴк϶ѺõЦݡ
ַʽ׽ͬʱѧĹϵ
ǰȼ㣬δԸ
䵭ػӦţûиĪ˺ɫ
ַʽӵظĪˣǽͷݲôõģ
Ǹװѡ֮սǰϦҺ͵³ͼ˱չˣ˹ûлǡ
ĪһϿҵصǸȻ¶һźģҶҲúź죬ҴǰȵĻ²ҲԻɱλʹ
ǺǣϷû˻š
ٴĪĻȿڣƱһ˵
ƴʦĺ𡣡
ò˵ĪƤܺȫ˼ƵļǶżҲ¶һźı飬Ȼ󲻵ȼٴοڣ˲ת˻⣬ˣʦطʦôڣѵ첻𣿡
ৡ
Īôһʣ³ͼ˹ˣ׷׿ſ
죬Ī˿Ϊ˻ʵΪط
仰˵ûط֣λ鲻֣Ҳ෴ǻ֧սƿˡ
Ȼ֡
ޱȻĪϷĪ̻ʣ鿪ʼаСʱȴϢƬ̡
á
ĪͷȻŵ³ͼ˹
ڴڼ䣬ĿͶڻҵˣڴкֱӽǵ˿
ĪЩΣҲЩЩûڡ
ΪɳʵΪͦѧľٶǻѧѣ
ݣ޴ô
ǷݺôѾʼˣ
ŷ޽͢һʮӺ󣬵̫ƶ߼ڣɼһ벽ǿް͵ִ֮󣬿Ҳûдȥӭӣûи˺ɫ
ͬʱһ񳵣ʻѧЭ·ϡ
˾֮⣬ֻпкӡŷڵ벽ǿߡ
УȻѾطͷˣΪʲôһȥأ
һ벽ǿͬһλϣ̲סʳеɻ
ǰȥĻܹӱǵĳ⡣
λϣһ벽ǿ߿ڸ͵
Ǵˡ
ҡͷ
Ϊʲô
벽ǿͬʣ⡣
Ǳֳķʽֻһ֣ս˵طϴͬʱԻѧ֧֣
һӵִ侲˵ҲǻطܾǼԭֻǲпܻԭ£ԣǱҪսִĵص㣡


1994 ߸ϣ
ʮֵʱ򣬶ѧЭԺﲻٿյվŲˡ
֮УлѧɵĴҲȫѧ֯ȫ󶥼ˡ
磬Ϊ̵֯Ƥ
ϯߡҲ
ƤʦϯߴʦС㣬ӭģȥӴң
Ƥ֮յһʱƤ칫¥ǰȥ˼棬̬ʮ顣
ⲢΪƤԺպʵǿ󣬶Ϊ֪ط׶ɱ֮ǱƤߵġƤطͻѧж
ллǾȥˡ
Ƥܾյĺ⣬֯˵ĳԱҲǳ˵ĻģȫΪط
õģƤʦ
ԣҲǿ˵һԣߵ罫Ϣϱ
ƤԸȥбҪӭһƤطͻѧƤͽ֯غ͸л
ͬʱһʻ˶ѧЭԺӡ
ৡ
ɲǼ䣬ԺԭȺվһˣ׷׽ĿͶ񳵣ͬʱӦǿֲϢ
Ϣ˲ǱˣͿƶī͵Ǳˣ
ôôˣа벽ǿߣ
ǱԺվһˣЩȡ
Ϊսǿ֮һʱ䶼սܲ˽ⲻ֪࣬ԺЩ˵ݡ
֪˵Ļ飬ֻмʸμӣӦôˡ
ЩʲôˣΪʲô
ΪսڶǿߵĿƶͬܲ죬ͬʱڳʵ
֮лѧĴҲȫѧ֯ĸˣȫĴ
ΪսĶ⸺ˣȫѧ˽ɫѿӦüͷšһ
ط֮ǰ˿ᣬЩ˳֣úܿġ֤սĺսǿϣ
Դطձ̵֮ƶսΪܶԤԣսҪ˵Ȩ
ʵϣս˴ٿĿģ뻪ѧ̸У˵Ȩѧ磬ġ
һѧҪ֤ط粻ᱨս
ѧ籣֤δǳս֮ϷֵʱսܵõӦеһݡ
ѧҪ֤սؽȨսϣ
һ£ԺЩ˵ĳ֣пܻῴսЦ
˲Ըģ
ܿģԺ˵ע£ͣ£
£ֻɨһƤȻûٿκˣֱӳŶѧİ칫¥ȥ
Ȼ˶ԣǿһ۵ʸûУ
칫¥ǰӴĹꡢˣδ˵ִʱǰǰӭӣվԭأһ
һĻڣսˣüͷøˣüĿ֮Ųá
Ƕǰ벽ǿߣսĿǰƿˣѾӦ˸߸ϣϰ˸ֹάֺáյķӦǾñˣΪ˺
Σ˵Ļ飬ʲôʱǺ֮˲μˣ
üͷõ칫¥ǰüŹ꣬ʵ
ǲλġޱ
ȻǲλģʲôǺȥ
ڣڸ´
עԴǣ⣬㣬Ƕǻģ
һΣȹ꿪ڣӦ
ʲôҲô˵
յĻӦеĲóֱʱͺһ
Ϊսƶߡȫѧ˻᳤ƶߣǺεȵĸ߹һһĴڣ
䣬ϵͬɽ緢һ㣬ȻµϢͬˮһ㳯ϯĿա
⣡
ѹȣͬ˻ǣϱѹһɽͷһӲܿƵز˫ϥ·ʱ̱ڵء
꣬޷ĿϢֻؿڷƣӲ
ǶҧءƴصֿĿѹ

͵ռ޷ѹʱһŭȶȻ
ŭȳϢ֡
һӽ벽ǿߵϢȻӶѧЭԺķӳѸײڶ֮ƳǰԺ
ţ
ͻı仯ͷһջ˶Թꡢ˵ѹȣǽĿͶǵϢķ
ǸǵϢط磡
սˣԺˣһ̣ĿͶǰ
һ̡
һ֣طŽɫϢ˵
󡭡
ؿɫϢط磬һ˽ɫǹƿնſµսɱ⣡
ѧҪ˴֣Ҫսѣս𣿣
ط֣ɫһ䣬ûӦս֮ˣǳŰ칫¥һ
Ϊ˿ط缱ɱ֮⣬Ҳ˴Ӱ칫¥߳
ڽӵյĻ㱨֪ƤҪӭӣ˸Ӧ˵ϢҲˡ
һ̣ţΪ˴֣Բط綯֣
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
ȺǰһԴΪءᳫӹ֮ĿֱӽĻ˷ƨûжκλӦ
ѧսҪսô
ۿûκηӦƤڣԺϳ̶ֳͬȵľȣ̲סаԼ
ৣৣৣৣৣ
˵ɫ䣬ϳŲţǸо·ʣʲô
ӡŷطʦ
·Ϊ˻Ӧ˺ƤƵģط糯ɱͬʱһȻһڶѧЭԺϿը죡


1995 
ͻ쳹ѧЭϿգشڳÿһ˵ĶС
УܶʶؽĿͶ˶ѧЭſڡ
ৡ
һ̣ǵɫˣ
Ϊؿкӡŷ벽ǿߣڶѧЭĴſڣطķڳʥơ
˵ַʽط
ͬʱطҲ˿е⿴˿˹Ļ棬еһȻֹסΣûм
ۿطסΡֹͣΪ׵ս벽ǿߣ΢ɣȻͬ˿ˡ
쵰
ǳʥһڶѧЭſڣɫһ䣬üĿ֮ӿֳ޷εķŭ
û
Ƿŭ
Ϊӡŷ֮ǰսʵ׷ߣսհ
񣬿ӡŷӡ棬Ҳ˺ս޴棡
սţ
սҪƿô
طսʵСܡձ̵֮ӡŷڵ˵൱ڸһĶ⣡
ۣ
طʦӡŷڶӹ̲ܽϣе֪زɱж
ѧЭſڣڵϣܹظܵȫ˵ĿⶼۼԼϣҲ֪طϢֹͣƶٴοڡ
Уڸʲô
ŭ죬ŭֹ
Ȼ
ֱӽĻ˷ƨ̧ͷŻŽɫط磺طʦǴɱӡŷвжΣԸĳͷҲȫֻ֧ѧˣӮδǳսײ
£һŵؿط磬Ǹо²ط⡣
ৡ
ͬʱ˶ĿӿŲͶط磬뿴طķӦȴطĻӦ
ã
˵עУط绺ڣֻ˵һ֡

򵥵һ֣˶УǷһ㣬ҵ˲£һ
Ϊܹطԭ£סӡŷڣǲսطо̽˾ϸڡ
һ棬Ƿطĸ¼֪طһϰߡ¹
һ棬ҲϸطҪʲôս
ǽһУ˸ղŵһУմﵽҪĿġ
ɳʵȫֻ֧ѧƿˣ
͵˰һͬʱͻȻڣɳʵͬӴ쳹ȫ

ȻĻڳ˶Щ죬Ȼˡ
ɳʵһֱǻѧļᶨ֧ߣһϱ̬Ҳûʲôס
οطǿ̤ƽձ̵ѧѾȫڰսĸ֮ϣɳʵֻ֧ѧˡ
ֻ֧͢ѧƿˣս
Ļ䣬͢Ͻ̻Ī̿ˡ
ΪһϺ꣬ĪڵƣҷӦ죬ǽͷݵ緢ӵ쾡¡
ֻ̫֧ѧƿˣ
Ī֮󣬼Ҳҵæڱ̬ͬʱаĪϺ꣬ѧЭʱ磬ű̬
ˣ˵Ļδʽٿ׷ױ̬Ҫֻ֧ѧƿˣ
ȫЩѧ֯Ԥϣ˵Ԥϣ
˵עУ˵ɫͬʱˡ
һ̣ٲȻû˳˵ʱĸ߸ϣȡ֮裡
УĪͼ˵ı̬ڵڱս˵ƿȨڼ̤˵Ϻսҫ
̤ϣ
̤ҫ
Ӣȫֻ֧ѧ磡
󣬲˴лعӢѧ֯ĴҲˡ
ӢŮݿָʾģҪȫ֧طͻѧ磬һֱҪôֱ˿̲һץס˻ᡣ
ȫֻ֧ѧ磡
¹ȫֻ֧ѧ磡
ȫֻ֧ѧ磡

Ӣѧ֯Ĵֳ֮ҵѧ֯һȿֺؿڱ̬
Ǹо·ܹһ̬ܹûѧĺøУӶδǳս֮õĺô
Ī˰ɣ
һ̬Ÿѧ֯𾴵̬Ⱥ֮УΪѧЭ᳤ʢеһĪļ̲סڡ
һ̣ѧĳԱˡ
ڼ֮࣬ǲԼͬؽĿͶǸŽɫ꣬
ûǰǸ꣬ѧ粻ҫᱻսѹƣ䵱δǳսڻң
ǣڳ˶ףһжΪط硣
һ̣ȫĿٴξ۽ط硣
Ŀ֮£طŽɫһ˽ɫսǹڶѧЭԺһƽˮ
ǰ
ԵĴսѧ绯֮ߣûѧʧط¶âԷ򱬣ѧҫ
졣
طվŭԻѧΪ




1996 Ը˵㣡
ȥ
һֻ֧ѧһųžηӣΪ׵ս벽ǿߣвԼͬӿֳһͷ
µս뽻˵ƿȨˡ
Ϊѧõ֧֣Ҳõȫ֧֣
֧֣սҲõҾڼǰ
̶̼֮ڣƱ㷢˷츲صı仯źͽܣȴʵʵڵķˣ
ֻǰǸ֣
ʦսԸó˵ƿȨѧ磬ɻѧδǳսϸ̸
ǿѹסԼĿͶ˿˵ƿȨ
ˣѱѡ
ңҲ֮ǰľ
ţ
ȻĻڳ˶һû뵽˸ɴصͷǿԶط֮Ȼˡ
û̸Ļ𣿡
ȿڻӦط翪ˣɭ䣬ǿޱȡ
㡭ʲô˼
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ĿӿŲط硣
һ̣Ŀ⴩ɫؿطһ˪ı飬ҲܹܵطǺεɱ⣡
սֹһ׷ɱңһ߻׶ɱձ̵ӡŷڵľǿ߰ʵʩɱط
ţ
Ȼطֳⷬ˶ЩȻ
Ȼ׶ɱ֮սձ̵ӡŷڶʾǸΪ֪ڶ塣
սѷǸΪ
ܳһ㣡
УңյĽɱǸΪս߻ģ
طͻȻתͷĿɨ򶫺ѧЭſڡ
ڵõطԭ֮󣬶˿Ȼطʻûһ
طʦյĽɱȷʵս߻ģ߻˾
мûκԥط϶𸴡
Ȼ֪Լ˵ӡŷҲǳɱǸΪ֪طԴ
һΣ˿̲ʵ֤ʵ࣬ϺӡŷӡϡҫһУпܻǰ
У㡭
еĻɫ࣬뿪ŭ⡣
սɵطʦ׳ɳٿƵ飬߻׶ɱƻʵ㲻÷ӡŷƵƵ
ѹѵĻᣬǿƵؽĻ˻ȥ
ৣ
ɫٴһ䣬ǸоȳһʺҪƣ
ûкӡŷѻ᳹ѱ䣬ŻѧԸս
սԸ⽫˵ƿȨˣ㻹ҪѵһҲ˴֣ǣսս
ۿѾѱ䣬Ϊֺط粻һУкط磬ٴο
һ̣ôսѺ;ԣ
ûлش
ǰսܹõزһֹطġ
죬
Ϊ֪طһһĭһšŽ˵ȨҪս㣡
󣬷ǵûн̬ŵͣϴ˵Ȩڳȫѧ˻᳤ƶߵļӣŭգ
ѹȹˣƵ˵̱ڵأ
˵һ𣬾עط첻Ź
οѧܹڶ̶̼֮ŤתƣȫطĹͣôȥֹط磿
ҪôԻˣսں֣Ͳô౰ɵ飡
طٴοˣ֮ǳż֮⣬ɭɱ⣬Ҳв˭Ҿսܲܽ
㡭
ûüĿ֮ŭ⡣
īƶ͵ǱҲˡ
ȫ˭Ĵڣ
˭ԲսĴţ
죬Ը˵ս㣬뻪ѧ޹أҲ޹أ
طĻԼ̬ȡ
ৡ
Ȼط仰Ѿ֪ĻĿ֮⣬ڳ˵ɫһ䣡
ΪǶط仰ζʲôط罫һ壬սˣ
ȷҪ
𾪵ͬʱҲһٴοѯʿ
طղѾȷʾԸ˵ս㣬뻪ѧ޹أҺͻѧ˶ִ¡
ڿˣӦҲԼ뻪ѧ̬ȣ
ţ
Ļеĵ˲ʧӰ١
Ϊ׵սԣԸ˵ȨΪ򡯡Ȳ֮⣬Ҫԭǵط籨
ǵط컪ѧսѡ
Ҳ˴˵ĻڻĶٿԭ򡪡ѧڶ֣ôɸӰ죬Ҳս
˿̣ȷֻطһ˶֡
Ȼطǿձ̵˲ţطһ彫ǻܣ
ط磬̫ˣΪԼ޵𣿣
ʧһȣ˲£ɭɱ⡣
ͬʱƶī͵ǱˣҲɱ죡
һ̣ϬýѵĻᣬֽطɱ
һǲطͷ󻼣һпŤתƣƿˣ
ȫ
طȻ״̬£һս
սȺۡ
һսǶս㣬ҲǶԤݣ


1997 һ壬һս
ڳ֮У֪Ŀ֮⣬ڳ˶û뵽ط羹ȻҪԶսˡ
Ȼطڴ֮ǰѹģձ̵սȫѧʵͻѧ磡
Ϊսƶߵͻư벽񾳶꣬ʵ޽ӽڴ˵е񾳣ȫǿ֮һ
ѧ츳ڵĿƶһ䣬չأʵȻûдﵽĸ߶ȣҲԽ˰벽ǿеİ
Ǳѧ츳ȻƶһϼΪŬŴ£һֻ䣬ӵа벽ǿ߰ʵ
ȶԣī˵ʵҪ٣ֻһİ벽ǿߡ
߶ԣ֣һһЧڶֵЧֵΣ
ڳû֪һ̣˶ĿͶط磬뿴طǷܹµĴ˵ƾһ֮սڽ£
£طŽɫѪڣھӿ߶ͳһѽ״̬ѡ
֮⣬д߶غѪط
սӶ֣սӶ֡
طһ硣
һսҪȫһս˵ͬʱԼսΪʶԤݡ
һߣȻΪط粻һǣҲûҴ⣬Ʒ׷ۣ֣ɢſµϢ
һ֣
һһһâط硣
ಣಣಣಣ
ƶǱīҲͬʱͬ
С磬Ҫâս󣡡
һĻ¿ѡ
ѧ˴й֮⣬иȺսս
âս󣬱ŷѧ紫Ѿõս֮һֱռݲͬλ˴֮Խй
ʷϣвͨâս羳ɱ˵Ĵ˵
˿̣˶âս̶ֲֳȣ
طܹ
һ̣֪طʵĿ֮⣬жܺ棬ͬʱĿضط硣
ѧЭǰԺԺӵĿյϣطԿѣûκηӦͬһ˽ɫսǹԭأȴ˹һ̬
Ȼ
͵˼԰Χ֮ƣطеʱط綯ˣ
طɽׯԸڰĺڰʱâս󣬶սϤÿѣ㿴˵ͼȻ˳ɹ
طվԭأһĶã˫ֳ̧ʳָ֮⣬ָͷȫۣʳָ罣ӭͿƶȻ̳
ָ
ط粻ԣһֱ㶯˴ʦҶڵĴָ
Ҷ˵ָ󣬶ʮֽʡھΪʺȺս
ಣ
ಣ
ɲǼ䣬ɫطָӿɫָѽɫСͿƶˡ
壿
طһ֣ʱڳѧ֮ˣ
Ϊܹ֯úãֻ֪طͻ˰벽񾳣ѹģ̤ƽձ̵֪ط¹˹һ壡
Ϳƶѽٶ£׼ӵȶķλī͵Ǳ˽âս󣬽طС
˿̣ԺХѽɫСǱòᣬͬʱͷһеϢɫСɢżֲ
ΪͿƶ˼ͬʱУʽͬ
Уֱӻȭӭ
䣡
һȭǰ˲ըˣɨХĽɫСȭ֮һȭâ
ս񱬣
һȭֱӶսѧɱУǿУȻٶȲط磬Ӷʵʩâսս
ܷʵܹǸɡ
һȭˣֽͬһ㣬ȫûжԽɫСκ
ɫС˲Ϣȭǰȭâ
䡪
һ죬ɫСȭâͬʱըͬڵײը˿ֲ
ɨķһɿµķֱӱúˣڻӡÿһӡĵ涼ѵģƳӣͬ֩һ㣬顣
طһĶãͬʱͿƶҪǿУúˣѪھһ˿ҡ
һȻûˣȫ·磡
ǵԵǳΣաطԻᣬȴڶι
һѪھҵǰ£޷ӳǿս޷ֵ
ԣһߣƶûôˡ
ڿ;УһʱӶ˫֣ݻһٲǰ
һУǰô󽻽紦ٲչأͨȻдķʽ
£ƶǰݻٲʵһ㣬ܹӶʡ
Ȼ
ٲոճ֣㱻ɫСУȻըΪС
ɫСֻǹâ˼֣δʧ
ƶ˲䱻ƷɣڿУǿпԼ壬״ͼܿĽɫС
âĽɫСӿƶĶϺХ˲佫ƶĻгһӡ
ƶУ˲ըһѪ
ƶѾȥֵˣطĴָȻʧȥһֻ䡣
䡪
ɫС˺󷽵һôըȻ

ʱǱīˣطͿƶֵĿ϶ֱͬķ˵طǰطһȭ
ȻǶطܹ壬һĶͬʱͿƶòᣬǱϾǰ벽ǿߣӵǿ־δǳûͬʱ֣ͼطɱ
ɲǼ䣬ϯȭâڵǱ˵ȭ֮˸ſµط磡




1998 ĳ
طղһĶã˫ͬʱӳôָͿƶÿƶһֻըȫ
Ȼ
Ǳī֮࣬Ȼضط緢˹
Ϊ벽ǿߣǶڳ֮ھתܵһӰ죬޷޷νӡ
ԽʽԽˡ
طھת˲䣬طɱ
ĳ˵Ǳī˵жǶԵġطڶ˴ָ֮󣬵ȷ޷ӭˡ
ž
˵ĹطΣңһŶڵϣȻڿգ˫ſͬչᡣ
Σʱ̣طֻƾض𣬱ܿǱīĹͬʱתھ
ţ
طͻľٶЩǱī˵Ԥϡ
ھ֮࣬׷׼٣׼ط֮ʱͬ
ͬʱطڿУתָϥǰͬӥʳһǱһɽȻ¡
̩ɽѹ
һ̣ط綯ֻ׻ȭ֮еɱС
ɲǼ䣬һݻĴɽȻǱ
Σգ
Ǳͷһ𣬲Ӳطһ̳ˣ׼ܿطķâ
īûǱˣطٴγֺصʱٴ͵ط硣
ಣ
ʱһƿ
طָһһɫָӿ֣һ⣬ī
ৣ
īɫһ䣬ֵغ
ΪʶΪطǶ˴ָ
ղţͿƶ˶޷ƵطĴָôƣ
䣡
īͬʱɽȻڵǱ֮ǰڵĵطҳһӣڵըƿֲ
촫ī׾ٵض㿪ǵ⣬ͬʱظӦǵɢǿҽⲢûʵʣ
֣īףԼطƭˣû˶ջ
Ϊܿط絯ǵͬʱѾ˵طֻطأҪоɱ
īȻطղƭķʽ֤Ѿ޷תˣ޷ƵĹ
Σգ
һ̣ī֮ǰ˵ƶ͵Ǳͬһ㣬ϾǲԼͬ¶ɭЦݡ
طΣˣ
ͬʱɳʵŷ޽̫͢ӡŷڵİ벽ǿǣоӿֳͷ
ǵʵȻܹط˽ֵḶ́Ҳƶط粻
ѧ¡شʦƺˣҲˡ
ǵıָͬ¡شʦͼ˵üĿ֮ӿֳ˵ǣһƽ
ط罻֣طǿƵ֪طĿԶֹġ
ţط׵رܣ
Ķţο֪طеơȫʵĿ
¥ǰһ

˼ͬʱطƮȻأһȭطĺġ
һʱյ˼£
ս񱬣
֮ͬǰһһȭֱӶսѧеɱУȭ֮һȭâɢſµ
һȭȫŤ޲öе
ط֮ǰΪ⻪ѧЭֻعݱ¶սط
ʱ˳֣ׯ԰Ͽյģսֻɱط磡
һֱΪʱûнطɱںޣ
ֹһ룬սطɱкô鷳
ս㱻ľ棿
һ̣Ļںޣޱߵɱ⣬һȭ¶Цݣ·Ѿط类һȭɱ龰
Ȼ
ϵЦˡ
Ϊȭھطĺ紦ͣɢſȭâ޷ǰһ磡
ط󷽣ƾճһһɫУЩһݻһɫƣסĹ
ǹʽ

ط̩ɽѹ˵Ǳָ⾪ī֮󣬶ˡǹֵĹ
ңطͻư벽֮󣬶Լдġǹ˾ޣǰʽƿظڴ˻д˵ʽ
˿̣طȻƵüΪֵܵԷûסɫбը
䣡
촫
һɫмͬʱը˿ֲ˲ĥȭϵȭâ
ۡ
ţȭֱۣɨУͬʱըѪɣΪУʧ
֮⣬˱ɨС÷
ۡ
ڿУһѪɴ۾ؿط磬԰׵ϳŲţ
ţҲ޷ܣطڸղ£סĹҽˣ
ţ

Ӧһƿ
طֳһɫݻһֻɫƣĲӬһ
飡
ɫ˲ϢݺݵֱɢĻ
ۡ
ֱըѪɣ
ط𣬰Ȼ
ȫһƬţ


1999 СҲŪ
յգۡ
ѧЭԺһƬܹѪ
ڵɵĹУطһըѪɣһС͵Ѫꡣ

һĻȫѧ֯͸ͳͳɵˡ
һ棬벽ǿսĳȫǵط壬ݻֹĿɿڴ
һ棬Ƕ֪طڴ֮ǰƾһ֮ձ̵Ҳû뵽طһ壬ֱݿػսոͷ
Ϊ̵֯ƤҲ⣡
ؼǵã׶Ӫطʱط԰벽ǿߣм֮㱻°ߣѾԺɨսˣ
ǣѧĴ¡شʦƺȻ
Ϊѧ綥սǣطղ˽ֵĹ̿һ
Ժŵ˵طڻƶǱī֮Լ˾޷ܿľɱ
ط粻ɱУ־ͽˡ
Ķеһ£
Ǹط統԰ʱ򣬲δȫһսɽɱ
ս˶ˣοƶī͵Ǳˣ
һ̣Ǿֹͣ˹ŰȻط硣
ǣطսĻҪ£ֹǽâս󣬵סֹһɱˣ
ǣղţֶδ˵طһëɥ˸λɱط磿
ৣ
˴Ӿлعط˫ֻӶþ洫ѧȭɱ
ɲǼ䣬ط˫ӿݻһɫͼһɫḥ̂īХȥ
ȴʤ׷
طȫ˴Ļᣬīɱ
Ϊīʵ֮ģ׻ɱ
⣡
ԭīطղֳǿսͻɱĳŵˣЩ㱣˿̿ɫĥ̺Хͷһ
ܸܵɫĥɢĿֲȫû˶ĻᣬûԴС
£īǿҵ̼£ƾǿսܣ˫ַɿӶȻۼǰݻһٲں档
Σʱ̣ī˿ƶķУ
Ȼ
ٲոճ֣ɫẖ̂ХͬһѷļӼƵģֱӽٲгһӣƵīķ
䣡
͵ɫĥҪīɱʱ򣬾īĿƶʱϵһȭнɫĥ̡
һȭƶδɫĥ̺ɢȴı˽ɫĥ̵ĹͬʱΪīӮܵĻᡣ
ɫĥ̼īӶȻԶԺһôгأɢ

ī;ԮĿƶ˿
ղһ̣˶ܵϢֻڹŹϻһȦ
ͬʱطһΣһֱӭһ˵ĵǱ
ղţط֮󣬿ƶӪī͵Ǳǳûطмл
ৣ
ǱҪ֣Ȼطɱŵɫһ䣬ֹסΣͬղīһͬ˿ƶٲ
乥ΪأҪֵطĹΪطóֵĻᡣ
ò˵Ǳ֮Ĭܺá
طܹƵǱٲǱҲһ˲ܣǰлط硣
Ȼ
Ǳ̫͹طˡ
׼ȷ˵͹طɱ顣
طڼ䣬뿪һ̤ѧ磬һ·ɱģӵзḻɱ顣
Ҫ˵һߣһߣطɱ鶼
СҲŪ
طĽŲȻһ٣סΣͬƵڿһתͬʱ˵һȡ
ȳȭӣ
طұȭգһȭӱɱ
ǹڶʽ

ɫطֱۺȭͷȭͷ֮γһ۵ȭâէһȥһ˽ɫĳǹ
ã
ǵǱҲû뵽طͻȻı乥Լѣвһ
ֱ֮࣬һȭ
֮ͬǰƽطĴָһһȭٴζˡս񱬡ɱУȭ֮ȭâ˸ɢǿ
ӲӲâ
˫սʼ֮طһν֣ɱжԺ䣡
䡪
ɲǼ䣬ȭײͬѾײһ𣬽ɫȭâɫȭâͬʱըγһɿµɨķ
ɨط磬ֱӱĻɢΪС
ͬҲסȴһǿķӳȥ
ž
ž
ž

Ӳϵˣµ׷ըѪھٴңͬʱȭ֮ϻںֹѿʳѪ
棬ȫ·磬˲˵ھҡ
һߣط˫Ŷڵϣ˿ѪΪȶ

סΣطӱ㵯˳һ̧ٴζôָɫХһɫС
һطȻû޷νӣ֮ļʱ伸ԺԲƣȫһֲ
Σգ
ͷֻƾǿսܣں˵Ĺ΢΢һӡ
һ̣Ѿ˼·ӦȻ˰ġ
ۡ
촫ɫСֱۣӴ̴ۣѪɽ
ʱط磬ٴγˡ
򽣹ڣнǰ
طһȣضӼƽС
һѰѽɫݻĽȻ֣طܣȫطںһݻһѽɫ
ݺһ⺮ʮݡ
նУ


2000 ߸ȫѧʷ
طʶƵǱļı֮󣬽ƾͼƣǹڶʽһֲˣȻͣٴζôָˡ
ط綯ɽɴнռɱС򽣹ڣ
ͬɱһطıõġ
ַʽϳսȥķн
Σգ
ɲǼ䣬ܵϢܵܿطķâˡ
Σʱֻ̣ƾսܣ߶ٲͼٲطһΪԼȡܵĻᡣ
Ȼ
ղŵһطˣѪھЩҡ
ְ֮طһǴָ۱̴ɴѪʧӰ쵽תȫ޷ӳ۷ս
սǰ£߶ٲŨȻղŵĵǱܵסطһ
һ̣𰸽
͵طɱǰʱһѰѽɫСȻطǰһѽɫͬʵһı
طͬһֳֽͣɫһն

ɲǼ䣬ǰٲֽͬһ㣬˲䱻طһնϡ
󣬽ɫƲնĲ

˻ŤŶĿ־壡
ǵġ
һ̣ްսȫѧ˺ƶӦеǿƣҲ֮ǰ붫ѧЭԺʱǰ߸ϣûе֪طҪһʱǷϲὫطɱ
һ̣Ŀ־壬һռģϣ
ǽܿطһ޷
˫۵ɵùԲгŶĿ־Ͷ
ۡ
Ѫէ֡
֮УɫݻıݿնĻնĲ
̵Ѫͷ­˲ӷּң׷׹䡣
У
Уط㽫ɱ
£ȾѪȻԿֺ;ı飬˫۵ɵùԲƺ޷źͽԼطʵ
ǣټĶѧЭԺ˺ط罻ֵĿ֮⣬˶ţط羹ȻԴݿػɱ
սĵǱīͿƶˣǵɴ۾ؿ׹ͷǸо·ʣôܣ
ţ
ܣ
飡
Ӧ˵һ졣
ͷӼͬʱأһƬ
ͬʱطֹסΣȻʬԱߣŽɫͬս˼䣬³ǿ޵еϢ
ֵ䣡
һ̣ѧЭԺİƣ伤ôǸо·ԼɱҪ
طֵܣɱúã
ҲǼױȡ
ǿ
սƶߣȫѧ˺˵ĸˣȫǿ֮һ
һλֲǿߣǵֵնɱ
ôܴʮӣ
طʦúã
󣬻ѧĴԼͬؿڣǽһġ
ΪǶ֮սսɳ벽ǿǰĻձ̵ӡŷҲ
һ˵ʵռţɽɵķнͲս
෴˿һսлɱλʹش
лɱطѾǿֵز𣿡
ط绹ʮ갡ţ
ǻѧߣȫҵѧ֯лع֮Ҳ׷̲ס̾
үү˵ģΪʱǣԾʱĸ֣
ͬʱȺ֮УΪ֯Сȣ۷Ź⣬ݶĽؿط磬ʶضԵϯ˵
һϯ˵طҪΪʱʱѹš
ˣޱȼš
ٺսطѶݻеģҲϯжϡ
ֱ죬ۼ֤ط޵зɣ
ǰˣԶԤеĸӳɫʣ
ϯߵͷͣҲ겻ѡ
ȫѧʷҼпδΪȫѧԹǿߣ
ƤҲ̲ס̾
޷طڶ̶̰ʱͻư벽񾳵ġ
Ҳףطֻǲ벽ǿ߰ϢΪʲôԴݿػɱӽ񾳵ǿߣ
֪ȫѧʷϣûһ㣡
ط񻰣߸ѧ֪Ҳ߸ȫѧʷ
Ƥϯߡ˸̾ͬʱһߣкӡŷڵ벽ǿߣһĺ¡
ûѡطͷĻյ³Ժһ
֮࣬Ҳޱ֮ǰľ
ӡŷڣӡŷʷҪľ
ǽȻͬսʣµĵǱƶīˣϳſ־Ͱûڣ
־壬ΪǸղֶδ˵طһëǱطݿػɱ
طҪɱǺɱֻСУûκ
ڰûڡ
ʱһѡطΪУҲ᲻֪شӻѧ˵ƿȨ
Ȼ
ûҲûкҩ
ңô
طĿɨǱƶīˣֱ̣




2001 طƶˣ
⣡
طĻƶǱīˣͷһӲܿƵز
ǿ־嵽µı֣
ԭΪ벽ǿߵǣѾվȫѧĶˣӵмᶨ־ĿطȺɱ֮ǵ־ˣͬʱ˶Ŀ־壡
־壬Դڶ
ǵʵκһȡܵߵĴ˵ޱȣһ֮ȥǸ˵е񾳣׷ļ¡
ѡĻȻԸȥ
ৡ
ڿƶǱī˿־ͬʱ˷׷׽ĿͶˡ
ءطʦһжָʹģֻǱִ롭һ
˵עУīſˣؽζƵϣƲԼ
Ϊ̫־Եʣ˵ˣ
ΪطѹЩȻһƽĳ࣬ĺ󳾣

ī͵ĻīǾֵģڳ˶ЩȻ
û뵽Ϊ벽ǿߵīȻ״ˣ
תһȻˡ
ͨϰٷ֮ʮϵ˵īǿޱȣһĴڣطԣͬսֻ־
ǵģǶָʹ
ǱҲˣûָīͬīһȥڹϣطܹĹǡ
ƶֹ뿪ڸͣǸطԲưոݡ
·Ϊӡ֤ƶжƵģطޱؿŵǱīˣһԣϵɱûмٰ֡
ͨ
طʦī֮ǰָʹ֪ΪУ뻪ѧȨһұ֤ӽ쿪ʼָʾȫֻ֧ѧ磡
һĻȿڵīʶʲôٷϻֱһ˵ϣŵ棬ֻŵ˵
ò˵īӦ죬طûκηӦ뵽ӡŷڿʱ龰½Ϊ벽ǿߵϺͽ⣬˵棬ڵϣǹ͹һġ
֮⣬ΪܹԸط統ұ̬ȫֻ֧ѧ磡
ͨ
īľٶǱպ«ưҲ˵ϣطġ
ƶطʦ
һߣƶһ£ҲϺ֮ѡ˺ߣڱ̬ȻͬīǱһ˵ϡ

һĻٴһ㱡
֮ǰѾĿԿΪ׵ӡŷڰ벽ǿ߹طģҲطǿƻɱƶǱīǹ͹һڵϣǻǾôĲʵ
֮࣬˻ѧͽ֮֯⣬ˣطľηط磬جΣ
ѧ˺ͽ֯ƤϯߡȣӢѧ֯ĴΪطеˡ
˼ͬͬʱҲٴνĿۼطϣȴطĻӦ
طһ仰ֱӾƶǱīλ벽ǿߵ
ǹԣǺսȫԱڲսƴ
Ŀ֮£ط翪ˣſƶǱī˺սڲжзȡ
ǡǣطʦһڲսƴȫ
طĻƶǱīûͷøСһ
ǳսг䵱ӱͶУұ֤
طٴοڣ档
һΣǶԿƶǱī˵ҲǶĺͽ͢ս˵
ǿձ̵Ƶӡŷɱ˱֮⣬һԭ

Կ˵ֻлѧֳ㹻ǿƣָ˵
ȻԽǳսӰ첻󡪡طţֻ컪ѧİ벽ǿߣϵѧĵϣս֮ȫ»֣ȵȡ
ৡ
Ȼط仰ǿƶǱīˣӡŷڡ͢ɳʵˣɫһ䡣
ǵ̣Ȼط֮
شʦģǾԲͶк͵ӱ
ƶǱīٴ¾״
ǿҲ⣬ֻ΢˷ѵʱɱˡ
طޱ˵ƽ˵һ΢С¡
Ȼ
仰ȴͬһڿƶǱī˺ӡŷڡ͢ɳʵը죬Ǹеһľ
Ǹǣˣ˵ӻѧָӺ͹Ҫطŭ𡪡
ҽ飬طʦ˺ȫѧ˵Ļ᳤Ӧս
ľ󣬶ɳʵͻȻ顣
شʦǻѧģս˫˺ȫѧ˻᳤ѡ
Ͻ̻Ī̿ڸ͡
ӡŷǿ֧֣
Ҳæ̬
̫ӻѧָӣطʦ
Ҳſڱ̬ͬʱаԼӦ˰ġ
ƶǱīһûпڣǸղѾȷ̬ˡ
֯Ըˣطʦָӣ
ʱΪ̵֯ƤͻȻڡ
ţ
ȻƤĻڳ˶΢΢һ
طҲ⣡
Ϊ˶֪֯ȫϡص鱨֯
֯Դӳδڰսҽ˶Ϊѵ
Ƥȴ֯Υѵѡˣս
⡭ܲ𾪣
طʦţ쵼£һԲһȫʷϴδйʱ
Ƥû˵𾪣һϵؿط磬ڣԵɡ
Υѵֻطƶˣ



2002 ֮
طǿƻɱӡŷںսΪ˵ƶߣ
Ϣ̵ʱڣȫÿһÿһ䡣
֯ٿĻ飬ɾ˻ѧط硣
һĪķ̣
˶죬սпʵ
һ棬ƶǱīֱӱ̬뻪ѧȨǱ˳սֱȥͶط硣
һ棬ЩҲѧսʧȥ˻Ȩ
սƿˣҲûսģǻطΨհ
ǿʵģҲطɱ
ͬʱϢҲһʱ䴫Χ鱨ԱȻ󴫻

԰¹˹ΪİʹܲĻ
֮⣬Ů衣
ĺġ
صĴһĺĳԱ뿪ᣬ亱
׼ȷ˵ڹȥʮкľ뿪ֻһΡ
ս֮ǰ
ð¹˹ֻ֮սĻᣬ°ط磬صٿоԣʵʩʱǿ㳲
һΣбչص˻ѣΪѾ֪˶һС
ڴ֮ǰѾ֪طһ̤ƽձ̵顣
Ǽ飬ֻ𾪣ûлѰ¹˹ˣ
ΪǼ붫Ȳֵһᣡ
Ͼǰ¹˹ƾһ֮ձ̵
Ͱ¹˹ûо԰һ壬ѹս벽ǿߣ
οطһսУоͻɱ
֮⣬طֱһսˣ˳µƶˣԭһɢɳšһʵ֮ϣ
һУܵΣ
ӦѾ˵緢ˡ
Ļ
ͬһڲҲзʹ֮˴˾иԵϵĸ
Щδֹ
һ棬ԣʹôֻҪļɡ
һ棬ҲȨƽ֮һ˶вĵλ
ԭʹ֮Уĺͼɵ¹˹ĵ˷˰¹˹
Ϊ֣¹˹ȨûκҰġ
¹˹ֻ׷ҪƹĴ˵ͻƴ˵е񾳣

Ļ£ʹֱڵϣͷҲ̧Ŀֻŵ˼¡
˵ѵ֪ط֣ѹң̤ƽձ̵ɱսӡŷڳ飡
ҲףٿĿġطѶв
׼ȷ˵طΪ׵ˣڽ޷Žʷ֮Ѿӵ˲ʵˡ
һУֻ
սʹȥ׷ط磬طʹӲƴһǣ׹뺣С
ʱʹϸûзطʬ֮㱨ط
ִ֮ŰʹƬձطõºڵֶζ
ٿΪ׷Ѿˡޱ˵
ˣ
ĻʹЩŵһĭа˿ûҿڣҲû
û뵽Ǹ龹ȻĻţʵˣ
ʱսʹˣɱʹұۣʵ񡢰¹˹кеλ
ȻǸʵֻԼĻǲõġ˺ͺڰʹԿԽɱв˵
ɱʹҲˣս֮лɱ˷нҲʧȥһֻ䡣
ڰʹô飿
ĿͶ¹˹
ʹ֮Уذ¹˹Ҳذ¹˹
طӵв˼ѧ츳ɳٶȳңҲԹκһλߡ
¹˹һ侲ңһ·ɳɱģӵмΪḻɱ飡֮⣬Ҳǿ󣬶óڲɱС
һµĶ֣Ҳûо԰սɱ

¹˹Ļڣڳ˶һ
ǿϣǿ߸н
¹˹ˣ
񶼶԰¹˹Ϊأ
˶¹˹սδؾ
һ£¹˹طǿͿ£ʾԼûջɱط硭
⡭˵𺳿֪
ˣڣǰ͹طˣڲٵ͹ˡ
𺳵ͬʱ¹˹ֲһ䡣
ţܹ죬Բǿȷʵٵ͹ˡ
˼صͷȻʵڰʹΪǽô죿
⵺չأʵ
¹˹һһˣʵˣ֮ͻƴ˵е񾳣ŽҲ޼£һ˱ɺɨ
Ϊڰʹ˵ĺеô
Ͽ˰¹˹ĻȻʹʵ
ǵġ
ڲʺϿսҪʵͬʱܲܵȵһڧ
ˣͺڰʹֻҪͻ񾳣Ǳɿս

λʹ׷׿ڸ͡
ΨĬ
ûпڵʸ񣬶˿ɻ𺳵Сطһеģ
ȻҶûǴӽ쿪ʼָǰĲԣ⵺չأ
ĬƬ̣ϳŲʡ
û
ǲʣ
ԭսʧֻĺͷнλʹңѧ֮ƽⱻƣڧӾ硭
һжڰԤеĽУҲõĿսʱ
Ȼ
طֱ֣мƻ֮Ҵǰδев




2003 ָ֣
ҹĻ٣λྩڡٽǽԺһͬⰲ
ͬмĺԺֻмĺԺŵƹ⡣
ԺӺؼҴԺһ̤Ժ֮һ
ΪҴԺҲҼͰ칫ĵط
ҹĻ£һҲ۵ĺγʻӡ
䲻ۣƺ÷ڵ粣·֤ͨţ棬Խ뻪ĵκһٷԺҾһʱ侴
Ȼ
ǹһţպ֤ͨӿڱһ
ҡ
ͣ£򿪣ΪδӰ˺Ϳߵܣ徯˵
׳á
ܾȻС
ʻҴԺſڣܶ˾ڳڵԼȻ³ſڵȴһλ˴к
ε顣
գܻ˺Ѽ䣬ûǸ飬ֱӽԺӣҽŲȥܿ졣
һУֻΪ֪˽ڶ飡
飬һһһ綼°֮ϵĸΡ
鷿ͬһڰ칫ǰļһ̩ɽ̬
֡
ܽ鷿ʺãȻһģжЩȡ
ļͷҲδ̧˵
á
ԭļ𣬵ȵҪļŸԼ̸еĽɢ
ӺһļϽʾȻļһԣ̧ͷܣ侲𣿡
š
ܵͷǰ˵ǻҪĥҲΪȻ񿴿ǺȣԶ
ң侲ôʡ
ԭ򶫺񣬵ڣҾš
˵䣬ܳƽطȻѧٴͻƣΪǿ֮һҳΪȫѧ˺˵ĸˣݣûֻĵľ񣬶ǵӰ켫ޡ
Ĳţżûáܹ鷳ֻ侲ǰƶӦ֮ߣ޷鷳żûá
οڣϿܵĻȻо˸ڶ飬ֻ˱棬ûȥ롣
֣˼ǣܲ⡣
ûоã꣬طͶľܵʧ̫ˣηʡ
ǵġ
ʶͷ
طǽһͽȻֽͽԪˣνҵͷ󻼣
û⣿ʡ
֣˼ǣؼҵı
һȻ뵽ʲôɫɴ䡣
пܣεͷ
ؽյİҧгݡ
Ҷؽ˽⣬ľ֡
ҡͷȻԺиֳһλ˵Ӱɽ˻겻ɢһֺ尡
֣ǽô죿
ε֮޷侲ˣӿֳ˵ǡ
Ϊ뵽Լָʹȥ׻Ƶɱط磬µİѱ
жΪ棬壬ˣ޷Ťת
γ
ৣ
ɫ䣬˵ʲôԺһƬհס
Ϊûһܣ
֪ʧζʲô
ҵ̳Ӵʽ΢
ɽؽط磬١
Ц˵֣ս˫ȭȻɿϡ
ǷΪ壬Դ
ͬʱؼҴԺ
ΪؽȫͬһԼķ䣬ϸ޸һݱ棬Ȼ󽫴ӡűǰؽ鷿
ţ
ȫߵ鷿ǰʱ򣬽Ųһ١
Ϊ֣ؽûڰ칫ǰļվڴǰŴԺϻ
׳ԭֲжӳط硢սСӶӳط磬ڶɱսǿߣΪ˺ȫѧ˵ĸˡ
ȫؽֱӻ㱨ϸڣҶдڱˣýȥ
ýˡ
ؽھܾ

ȫԣһ
Ȼؽڰǰ͸֪ȫȥרռطĶ̬л㱨ˣȫ飡
Ǽ飬طйأҲϵѧģ
Ϊˣȫ˼󣬻Ǿϸؽ㱨
˿̣ؽȥԴºȤ
ܲȫȣ
ѵ׳Ѿ֪飿
֮࣬ȫ̲סаԼ
ǸؽһΪô飬ûעŶԣΨһĽͱѾ֪ˡ
ȫȥ¡
ȫɻͬʱؽͻȻڵ
׳ָʾȫ̻ص
һϵط硣
ؽڶ뻪֯ϵһ£㿴һǷݶһȥͼ첿š
ǣ׳
ȫһ
ΪؽͷõŽ⿪ˡ
£ȫתط䣬ȥɴ绰
ˡ
ؽվڴǰԺеϻԺɽȥ죬طŭǶ⣬ȻΪ򸾣ϻǰԼϴĳ˵ĸ֡




2004 ﳤһ
ҹɫŨҵƻŶŶҹɢŶĿĹʣһλ֮ǣչʾŻڹȥЩķٷչ
˵ǻĵĴڣô̲ǶĴڡ
ҹĻ£ֽϵĸ¥õƻͨʱʱܹҹֶʻ洦ɼɢյǡ
֣ɣš
еҲһһǰͺ̵ӿܹ޼˶Ǵ׳־Ȼžɥʧ顣
ǿߵսҲߵĵ
ǰ߿վڷضεĿб緢ظУֻվһֱƵĸ¥£̧ͷԼС
УĴ˵ڹȥ굱Уҫֻط硣
طǻѧĴ˵ҲǶȨĴ˵
ǶЩסھ¥Ĺ壬ҲطӴеԺ
һϣȨΪطڶ´˵ֵͬʱطѩڻֽϡ
Ӧһڻֽɢɣ
ѩطĸ첲ط磬Χһһ޵Ŀ⣬ʵ
죬ۼ֤طڶѧЭԺµĴ˵
ʱڶѧЭԱߵһҾƵ
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骱ҲԼҪƵ¥֮󣬵֪ѩ¥ϣûȥ
ΪȻ¾ͬ
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һ£޷ѩ㣬޷Ȼվѩǰ
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š
طͷ
ǰ뿪Ϊɡһ˳ǵ֮Уһ̤˽ã̤ѧ磬һŵ˵ʬߵ˽죬ڼеʱɢԣһֺݳ޵顣
ﳤʣһˣô죿ȥྩһȥ
ѩٴʵ
֪طߵⲽֻ֮ԸδˣһǲֱȥؼҴԺҴԺ
ҡ
طѾָʾǰ׻ƵɱˣԼϸ۽ϰĺռһЩ֤ݣͳͳգԻ֯壬ϾһӶ֮նң
ѩ㿴ǰѽĻӶҲһ֮Ӧûˡ
ΪطѽȣǵǸؼˣҲǵ걻ȸϳĵͷͨȫѧģƿˣȫδĸ֣
Ϊʦƴʦ˳𣬲ȥྩ
ط˵ԼĴ㣬Ҫǳս֮ȥԼ˽¡
Ǹ˵ܲڵؼأȫǿ鱨֯޷鵽𣿼Ȼ㲻֪ĵַôȥͲѩЩɻ
ǰȷʵû֪ܲλã֪ˡط͡
˭
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ˡ
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׳ؽҴ绰İɣ
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һ
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ڵ绰ݣؽ֮ǰ͸˵ˡ
Ҳ֪Ҵ绰һ֪绰ңҪңܲλá
طһŵ˵

ٴطĻ绰ͷɳˣüӣŵСӣһϰ˼û֤ݡ
ǰ֮սؽģֹըٳӵļƻһɱǸжСĳԱ
СƺطеϤҲУͬʱ˵ǸжС֮оǿ߰ǿ߰ȫκһУżߵĵλľǿ߰ҲһұȻ֪ܲλõģ
ؽȻҲ֪һ㡣
ֱӽľǿ߰ɱӶŹȡ鱨ѻᣡ
Сܹ죬ûġжϵȫԣ
ɿЦȻǰ֪ط㣬Ҳһ·֤طĳɳطһۣ֮طⷬȻֲ˼ĸо
׳ҽصûø뿪Ϊ˵ĵ绰ڿԽ鱨ˣʹǰܲ㣡
ط˵ţϵսɱ⣬˲ӿ֡
һ죬̫ˣ
ãҵʤ
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һ̡
ûطսСִʱطж
Ϊ֪ǸΪ֮Ѿ׳ɳΪ˾ˣδˣ
һ졣
Ҳûиط磬ȫڵ绰иؽһЩ顣
Ϊãطʤ֮һٴ߽ϳؼҴԺ


2005 Ĵս
ʮ㣬һҺǱͧȻϢصִﶫ۵ľ
ʮʮ֣طսӡŷڡɳʵŷ޽̫͢а벽ǿߣп¡ġشʦͼһҺǱͧ
֮⣬һλǿ߰¡
ؽ֪ʲô취˿˹µ֪ͣܲڣùֱѱ䣬Դ·

Ǳͧʮʿصжӻӭطһˣڼط֮󣬵һʱطк
ûгƺطΪشʦƺڻֱ֮ط羴þʥķʽطľ⡣
սǣˡ
طһʱ򽢳ʮʿ
֪ҺǱͧǻɱ֮һ120ңÿһλǾӢ
һΣΪ˲ȷ©ϢݾߣľҺǱͧط˴ܲʧͬʱʮһӢطж
ǵִĿĺԼҪʮ죬Ϊȷᱩ¶̶ˮºС
ֱۣط㱨ϴ˳ʳˮȷںڼҪǱͧͬڲռСֻί͸λʦˡ
֪ûϵġ
طͷ
ΪѧϰǱͧĲԺǱͧڲṹʮ˽⣬Ȼ֪Ǳͧڲռ伫СϢңÿֻһҵĿȣмȹֻһͨ
£طתͷԿ˵λʦǱͧΪ̫⣬ڲռ伫СǴҽһ¡
á
û⡣
Ƕԣиطڤˡ

طĻ䣬һûκ顣
Ϊǿߵǣÿ˶йչأɮһ޹ⷽ沢⡣
ΪҪǣطӵоԵȨҴ˴ǰս죬طĻ˭ᷴ
طϢң˴̡
Уطܾ˽óĽңûи⣬һסϢҡ
̷֮󣬲ֱӽڤ״̬طǰȥ뽢ͨһЩϸڣ絽ָ֮Լ뿪Ǳͧȥ֮ôӦǷԶõֱӴݻܲһϵ⡣
طȥıӰΪǿ߰Ĺһ㱡
ǵ˴˿̣ҲţطճΪ˵ƶߡ
Ϊһ˵طֵʱط绹С
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طʦʵٶȣȫѧա
Ƿ̫ɼڻӦ˹£Ϊ˵Ļ᳤ţ֮ǰһ֮ձ̵һɱս˵ûʸ˵Ļ᳤

ԣֱԭأʮӹ󣬲ŵ˵ĵһǿߣ
ȫѧһˣԺɨ֮ǰڵ
һΣ漧ƿڻӦ˹¡

³׳Ĭֻһ̫λãţǸ˵ķӦ֤ʵһġ
Һܺ棬ľʲôֶ㽻ڹѡ
ڹ³Ĭʱսī̲סʵ
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Щоӿֳ˴𰸡
Ϊǿط˽˶Թ˵ڧκһ벽ǿ߶߱ġ
û˽˶ԹΪǰᣬǹ¿еǸ˳֣ǿѹսձ̵ӡŷڵҲ޷γʵ䷴
һֿܣ¿еǸ˾ˣǴ˵еǿߣƾһ֮ɨ

Ƭ֮طصϢҡ
ûκ˽н̸ֱӻصԼĴ̣Ȼϥڴϣ񣬽ڤ״̬
ҪúǱִָͧһµʱ䣬ܽԼͻư벽֮սӶһ͹Լʵ
սӵˣսӵˡ
طϰߡ
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һУطΪ¹˹صúвΪ֪ĵƣ
Ҫð¹˹ĴսУߵĻᶼûУ
ΨˣŰ¹˹ͷȥμƻĵ




2006 Ԥ
ʱˮ֪Уһʱһζ
ڹȥһµʱȫڹעط磬עˡ
ط缯а벽ǿڻ֯һܻأǱޣĹΪս׼
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һ£˻Ϣʵԣ鱨ԱҲ⡣
ٿȻ⵺չأδ鱨Ա
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֮⣬Ҳûгʧ֮鱨Աһһ𾯽䡣
ִʧĽ紦ΪǿųŵԵʣȽҲ޷ӦĴڡ
ǸطҲ찡ȫѧ벽ǿļ¼һͺڰʹһķ
ϢҪ֮ÿһ벽ǿߣԱ˵ʵ
˸޷ҵǵܲ˶ķҲûκ壡
ûù˺ͺڰʹͻƴ˵е񾳣ǶҪʱ綼ǵģ

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鱨Աܹʮһֻ
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ܿģ³ڼװϣȻط磬غǱͧ
طҪɣǣغǱͧȻٴſһͬɱܲ

ܲס
ৣ
ѪɫͻȻɺ˫ۣϢ˲䱩ǣһѪɫħͷ
Ѫˣ
ѪɫУ̧ԼƣӿɺѪɭЦݡ
ΪƶߣĹֲܿҪմѪ
ڴ˹УһֱдһŹԼӿѪ壬׳ͬʱѪʽһкɱУյѪνһá
ʮ꣬ڽɹдѪ󷨣
ǺǺǡҪȰ¹˹ͻƴ˵еˣ
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һֱΪͻƴ˵е񾳣Ҫھתʱʱ䡣
仰˵ھ࣬޷ʱ䣬ʼ޷ٷ֮ٵת
ھתҪѪ
ţֻҪԼѪ㣬һͻƴ˵е񾳣
Ϊˣغ뿪ܲһεȫ䣬ɱ˵ߣմѪ񾳣




2007 սһ
ֱ֮뿪סķſڡ
װŮлҪ˵
ͣ½ŲûֱŶ룬վſڿڡ
ףôˣ
ܿ죬򿪷ţд˾ȡ
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ǵģŮѪơ
ЦŵͷѪ֣˿ôһ˵Լ֡
ϲף
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Ů֪ѪŹǿΪ˾ͻƴ˵е񾳣Ҿʱ뿪ȫȥɱǿߣǵѪ׳ԼӶͻƴ˵е񾳡
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ףطĻϣܹץҵū
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á
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һ仰еĿֻţڴս̿ʼ




2008 ǿиɣɱ
ܲڵĺ֮Ա֮ΪʧΪúļĪȻųֻ֮󣬻ֱʧ
Ȼų൱ȻϣܲҲܲľλóΪ֮һǿ鱨֯֯޷̽鵽
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ط磬ò˵ǰˣɳĻᣬ㲻ȫѧĴ˵Բʮͻư벽񾳣һΪ˵죬ҵ
վڹųǱǰңңط磬ǵ޾壬һΪƾǿȽ죬˶Ҫ
ǵĹأ
սʹͷӦ졣
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ৣ
䣬طһȣǰ˳ƻӳ
䣡
һɫ˲طһֻɫİƣݿķʹ




2009 ʹ
֮УɫͻȻ֣âҫۣɢſµ
ৡ
ͻһĻòĳԱɫһ䡣
Уλʹ
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ΪҪǣطǰ棬˵ֱӳ֣һּʽȫǵԤϣ
ط磬̫ˣ
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λʹĺϻطûдȥӲգڿ֮Уһ٣Ȼı䷽򣬱ܿǵķâǽԼµˡ

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飡
ۡ
ʹ޷޷ֵ޷طƣԴ˲䱻ĳϡã


2010 
С
طֻУɱ˷ʹһĳһơ
һĻЩǿ߰ѧţǲԼͬسƶ
ʵϣطһʼ֣ɱʹǿ֮߰ǱĬĬ˺ˣ˻˹ųǱ
ΪǶ֪ǵʵȫ޷һս
ǵġ
Ƕѧţ֮ͬжǰط磬һԾĸоطɱǣһֻϣûκ
ͬʱ˵İ벽ǿҲʹҵսһ
˴˴γ벽ǿʮһλ
Ǳӵа벽ǿʵģδصİ¹˹֮⣬ֻλʹ񣬹ˡ
21:7
һıҲһһ浹ս
Уӡŷڡŷ޽̫͢սѡһλʹǾһѹ
ȻĴĶֲʵǿսʹɱʹ
սʹĶġ
طƶжƻʱģõطͬ⡣
ղսĶ˵սʹɱ
ɱսʹȻطҵĵ⣬ڻѧĵλ
Ϊ棬ȻҰܸط磬ʵǿ˿ȫֶսսʹȫ·磬˫ѽѷ֡
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ԭطǴֻɱɱʹģսط粢δܾ
Ϊţµʵɱʹ֮ϣ³ֻɱɱʹһѡ
Ͼļǻϡǿصļ壬ĳ˵ǻѧ
Ϊļ£Ҳǻѧ֮һ
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ռţռţѧĿشʦƺͶɳʵˣûг֡
վһԣйעVSսʹVSɱʹսһսб䣬Ƕһʱ֡
ֻһۣط㽫ս۵ףͬʱҲӵսƶǱī˵ĺ󷽡

һͺȣΪƣսīӳһơ
ɲǼ䣬һѪɫȻݻһֻѪɫƣһУ˲Ϣī󣬸īϡ

īһҽУʢѪܵ˾޴һ㣬Ѹʧӿ⣬ǸѪɫĵС
ȻЩѪ˲һǷɶ˻һ㣬ӿûڡ
ţ
ط翴һĻüͷһ
ΪܹܵīѪڷɿţһߣѪȴڱøʢ
һһʮԣڼ̵ʱɡ
֣طΪõ书ǿͬʱҲа
·Ϊӡ֤طжƵģīܿɱȥѪ˸߰˰ˣ
ৣ
ৣ
ͻı仯սĿƶǱɫ䣬ʶֹͣ˹ˣ
ллл˾ң
ƶǱīսʹԭǿ֮ʱܱɱ˿ͻȻȣл
䣡
ûлӦīڵѪ֮󣬲ֱͣӶű˵ĵǱӳһơ
ͨϢжϣܸӦǱʵҪڿƶ
ɲǼ䣬Ѫɫ֣аͿֲϢɢſµ˵Ǳ

ѪɫƺХǱ֣һȻʶҪܿ
Ȼ
͵ҪıʱѪɫѾǰǸѪɫУɢ˿ֲ
Ǳӣ˲㱻˹ȥѪ޷ٶ⣬ӿǸѪɫУһѪ⣬ӿ
ȡң
ܵԼı仯Ǳָֹˣ˶ã󾪿ֵغϣƶܹ
ûлӦ
ƶǵûгӪȵǱǶһ㣬ԶǱֻѪɫƣ޲ϳ̵ľ
ͬʱǱĲҽУҲ˵ע⣬ӡŷڡ̫ŷ޽͢˶ڶսûᡣ
ΨпشʦƺͶɳʵ˽ĿͶ˵Ǳ
ǵעУǱѸٸɱȥҲʼʧͫҲ𽥿ʼûɢˡ
ڵѪһʼҪʢö࣬˵ϢҲøǿ󡢿ֲа
֣öɳʵ˵ľüͷ
ǲԸְǱҲܹôܹ졢аڻɱ˵ͬʱʵǿ
ৣ
ͬһ㣬ɫһ䣬һΣҪɱ
Ȼ
˱ȿ졣
ط磡
£طŽɫһ⣬ֱ
䡪
·׼طͳ֣Ȼת編ƣֱӶطӳһơ
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ǹֲ˲㹥طĻ
طڵѪֵҰƵģЩʧأмѪѾӿ⡣
ط磬ҵϰɣ
ۿطڵѪӿſشЦǸо·Ѿط类˸ɵˡ


2011 Է·
ৡ
Ļ𣬳˿شʦͼ֮⣬¡ĺ˵ˣԼֹͬͣ˶λʹĽ׷׽ĿͶط硣
һ̣ؿһֻѪɫطǰ֮Ѫɫзת
طѪѪɫУȻһѪӿ񣬱ա
ʲô
һ̣˵аԼ
ûд𰸡
ǴδĹʽҲδڸصмǸǣ书ܹطڵѪԿֲ
һͬʱǷݶڴսʤ˲䶯ҡˣ
ΪǶط类ɱĻռţҲѻʤ
Ͱ¹˹޽ӽڴ˵񾳵Ĵڣʵڿµ֮ϣ
໣
ɱط磡
䣡

ͬʱЩѾ˵ųǱſڵľǿ߰ѧǣ׷׼ش
֮ǰطǿƳ֣Ⱥɱһǿ߰ͷʹǾ޴𺳣ҲǾֲѡ
˿̣ǿط类عֶסѪţܲ
Ҫ֪ڸղţսī͵ǱȺַʽ
ǣոսսսʹˣҲһļ
Ϊȫƣ֪УֻܽϣͰ¹˹ϡ
ղţǶǿ֮ʱܱɱͻȻط˾ڽǴӹŹ˻ҲŤת˾ƣ
һӪС磡
ܿ죬ųǱſڵİƣһضس

ҡͷ
طڵѪȻѪɫУСʱδطӰ졣
طдʶطеƣطдġǹʽ
Ŀǰط绹δõƣ
ţط׵ذܸ
ĵ𣿡
·Ϊӡ֤жƵģطͻȻˣû˿ľţûʹ࣬һ򶨡
ৣ
ɫһ䡣
ΪؿطڵѪٶԽԽˡ
еĽȻ෴
ΪѪƵԣյѪ˵ʵ֮ӶѪٶȼӿ졣
١ҵҪֶܼã
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˵ҸղڳƵô
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˵ղԷѪǽѪطѧʽ֮С
ѪطȹѪֹѪз
ѪطںϾ洫ѧ͹̩ȭѪطдɣκһѪطغļӳЧ޾Ѫƣ

طôһ˵ڣ˵ĳԱ˿ҵҲ֮¡
ǸǣȻطô˵֤а书޷طв
˵ɱﵶ޷ɱطô
һߣսʹλʹǹųǱǰЩǿ߰ѧţٴһ

Ӧǵһͺ
һ̣ıޱȣֱӸıʽ
Ѫɫ֮עһȭط类Ѫ޷Ļᣬһȭطɱ
ƣ
ʱطһȭգŨĽɫȻ
طһȭȭ֮۳һ˽ɫĳǹǹѸ͵شѪɫơ
䡪
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Ѫɫƣֱӱɫǹ̴Ȼը籩ϯķȴδܺط֣׷ױطĻ𿪡
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һĻǵû˳׷ͷһ
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һ񽫳ֵʱյ˼£ȫطеĻᣡ
ο˺ܶ˿طոƵѪɫƣ޷ڶʱڶõڶСڳ֮ھתһ˿ͣ٣
ߵȷˡ
һ㡪ط粢δߣ
˲˵ǵͬʱطǰͻȻһɫĶƣǡõס˺ԼѪɫȭâ
һĶã
طڸղŶáǹһʽ̡ѪɫƵͬʱ˵ʽз
䡪
ٴδѪɫȭâ޷ƽɫƣ˲ը
طɰȻ

һĻ˳ɵˡ
޷ţط׾ٵؽƵɱС
طסȭâȫΥѧԭ
սǶˣοˣ
ոͻư벽񾳣ôôǿ
ɴ۾ŵؿط磬ǸоǴײ˹
·
طӦһһ⣬


2012 ˭ҳ޵У
طѪƣסֲһȭ֮ûϻֱչҪһս
Ȼ壬Ĺս
һ棬֮󣬶ٻһЩģ٣ֵķӦʱࡣ
һ棬ս֮⣬ھʽ
֮䣬ط簵д߶غѪطٶ˲£Žɫ˲Ϣ֮䣬ɱǰ
Ӱ֣ȭӡ
طڼٿ֮Уȭգһȭ
̣
һȭطٴζԼдѧǹһʽ̡
һȭطȭͷɫɫݻʵʵĽɫǹɢſµ
һ̣طŴսսĽճǹŵһǹ̳
̳޵У
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ձ
ɫǹָǰ׷ը𾢷磬ϯ
ߣ
ط񲻶㲻һֱӻȭӭϡ
Ȼղطʵǿ󣬵Ҳֻ𾪶ѣδ˶ֻš
ΪȫڰƶߣԼʵžԵģط磬򽫻ش
ɲǼ䣬ѪɫݻһħӰ
ЩħӰһħɢſ¶аϢ
ЩѪɫݻħӿȭȭ֮γһȭâһħһ
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Ȼ
ط治ɫᶨȭƲ˿Ӱ졣
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ײ˲䱬ըطȭͬʱǰͬҵײһ˲ֿ
µɨķطĻ𿪣ûжκ˺˫ͬһ㶤ڵϣ˿
ž
ž
ȻҲûסͬʱһɾ޴ķܿƵصµĵֱըɽɨУΪС
һˣһ˿
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ս
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սطԷʹ׷ɱ¶ǿɱмҲС
طʵڶ֮ϵսʮþȣһɱֵĹ̺ɡ
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ΪУ񲻵ƶߣ޵ее
ǣǳ֮ǰŵ˵Ѿ޵У
ⲻܣ
˶ԣе𺳸ԡ
ѽڰٷ֮ʮϵھתҶԸѧʹôﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزΪӽ˵񾳵ˡ
طŸոͻư벽񾳣طӲӲô·磿
ಡ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģһƿȻ
һɫطʳָȻһɫС
ָ
طӲƴͬʱ߶ɱУȫĻᡣ
Σգ
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ৣ
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䣡
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ž
Ȼ
Լӹһ٣طһǰ˫ֻӶ
ɲǼ䣬һɫĥ̳طǰĥ֮ݻһͼɢſµɱ
ɱ
סطġָ̡֮ط綯˵УȫͣЪܵĻᡣ
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ڲͬʱȻ𣬻Ϊط硣
һնѪɫӿݻһ

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һ̣Ǳ񡯣Ҫոط
䡪
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ৣ
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ΪͨղŵĽ֣طɱֲ̫ǿҿһĶã糱ûܺͣЪĻᡣ
Ϊˣıԣطһξ뽻֡
Ȼ
ܷʵܹǸɡ
ӣ
طӰ棬ֱ׷ȫĻᡣ


һʱ䣬ϵܲǱǰӰƿ
ˣҽ
ط粻׷ȫѹè׽
񲻸ٴطɱӴܣǱ
ôܣ
սʹʹɵˡ
Ϊ벽ǿߵǣܹؿطĽֹ̡
Ҳû뵽ǸͬһĴڣȻɥ֮Ȯһط׷ĲӴܣ
ط磬㳹׼ŭˣ
ʱһ𣬱ֲѪҪȼһ㣬Ϣ˲øӿ¡
һ̣·ͻȻ񱩣ý




2013 Ѫɫ

ŭ𴫳ܵͬʱȻ̧һƻط硣
ɲǼ䣬Ѫɫ֣Ѫɫзתɢſµط磬˲ӻطٶȡ
طè׽һ׷ŭٴζдѪơ

ٴѪƣطֱӻӳ֣ʳָ罣Ѹʹ̳
ָ
طٴζ书
Ҳطսʼڣʽ
֮ˣΪָ󣬶ھ١
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ΪǸӦûвΪ֪ĵûжá
ңɱ֮󣬻а¹˹
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䡪
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ৣ
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ȻǶطģҲܹܵ˿̵񣬶˲Ϊ֪ɱﵣ֮ǰֲࡣ
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һֻ̣Լһ㣬һѪɫ磬ܳһֲӰ
ЩӰƳԹ˵еħͷۣѪسط·ʱҪط˺顣
Ѫȣа񣬿ֲ
طĸܡ
һУط粢δţϸظһУͬʱŽԼļ֮ͬ

ͻȻ֮䣬طֻӳʳָǰ̳

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Ȼδƴ۵ش߶Ǳʮ֮һ
ôŽɱط֮󣬳ſ˵ĳԱ𾪵ʱ뿪սǰȥҰ¹˹֧Ԯ
ʱð¹˹ɱ˳ԱͬʱѪƷ˳ԱѪ˿̵ġ
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䣡
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ط޷ѪɫĻЦȻ˫ȻһһѹĶ
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ǹʽ
죡
Ϊǹһ򷨡
Ҫǿƺ俪Ѫɫ




2014 ɱ
ѪɫУǧѪɫݻħط磬Ҫط˺顣
طΪǹڿһȭǰ
ʱ䣬·һֹͣ
磬ǿ˵ĳԱˣ޷ѪɫһУֻܿһƬɺѪɫͬʱֲܵ
һ̣ͳͳ˰ĿضѪɫĻ
Уˣһڴ˷ܣǸо·ѾȲѪɫĻըطʬ޴ĳˡ
طҪ𣿡
ͬʱ˿֮⣬˵ĳԱס˺гһͷ
һΣĶ⣡
ȻطԽ֣֪طǿ£ҲܹܵġѪɫֲܿɢ̶ȣըطɣ
䡪
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ѪɫĻѸСȻһС͵ը쳹ʣµڳ˶Ϊ֮ɫ
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ˣ
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طͻȻ֣Ҷֻ׻ȭеǿɱСݻΣָѸٻӳΪצץǡ
졢׼ݡ
һط粻һֲҽսԱսص㷢ӵ쾡¡
طһֲֻƾսܣӶ˫֣ǰ
ɲǼ䣬ѪɫݻĴٴγǰԶ֮ǰһΡ
һ棬ǲִٳУ޷ӳʽ
һ棬ղŴ߶Ѫɫ˾ųɵ;Ѳ۷״̬
֮ǰȫݻѪɫŶ޷סطĹ˿ήҲ񡢲ִٳֵ֣Σ
飡
طܲݻצӣݺݵץѪɫϡ
䣡
ꡪ
ѪɫŶȻըطֹƲץǰ˫ϡ
˫Ӧ飬Ѫɡ
طץ˫ۣ
ۡ
Ѫ˲йھңð࣬˱籩õɶſһѪ
ͬʱѪɫɢ¶ʵݡ
ɫһƬ԰ףȾѪ˫۴Ӹ첲⴦ѣѪģȥޱȡ

ͻһĻڳ˶ɵˣ
ǿ˳ԱˣһŵؿѪɡ˫۶ѵƺǰһĻġ
Ϊڸղţ˿֮⣬˶Ϊطˡ
طǵûת֮ش񡭡
ת̫ͻȻԱҲ̫⣬һʱţ
Ҳֻ뵽طղŲҲûط˲شŤתƣ
˶ţοԼ
ôѪɫըʱ
Ѫ󣬵ɴ۾ضǰȻط磬ֻǰһУξһ㣬Ĳʵ
ৣ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģطȻֶȻһӣһɫ
һ̣һɫ˲佫֣ҽ˿С
ˣ
ͻһĻ˶ӼȵлعͬʱвԼͬӿֳ֡
Ȼ
ȴûһ־壬һŵؿط磺㡭ղôûˣʲôѧƵҵѪɫ
ৣ
ûлӦط˫һϣɫ˲Сѹ
ۡ
һ̣˵עУֱӱɫɱʬ޴档
طڶֻش֮ð¹˹ɱֻĵķʽڻɱ
һĻͬս֡
һսɱУҲǼ¾ˣ




2015 ħ
ˡ
Ŀ֮£ɫɱʬ޴档
ڳ˶һɬ
ƺû뵽׵رɱ
˵û뵽˸û뵽
Ͼ񰡡
ƶߣڰһˣȫǿ֮һ
ǣղŻýѪɫչ޵зɣطó˿֮˶Ϊطתʵ̫ͻȻˣ
һʱ䣬ųǱǰһƬţ˶ĿɿڴؿѪ䡣
󡭡
˲ԼͬתĿ⣬ĿͶط硣
طȻδȾѪûаļϲãƽˮ
ƺԣɱ˳µ飬ֵü
ʵȷˡ
ⳡսһʼطƿ֮УáѪɫҲûطе𾪡
ΨһطЩǣǿɱﵡѪɫҪеĸǿ
һֱ֡սӶ֡սӶ֡á졯ƵѪɫͬʱһĶãáзѪɫըʱγɵ̶ȣԿش
⡭ôܣ
ôᱻɱ
ǡˣ
ųǱǰİƣЩľǿ߰ѧǣ׷״лعʧڡ
ȫ޷źͽܣطɱʵ
ǰһиǣˣڣ˽ȥȪ·׷
ಡ
ͬʱսʹλʹҲлع񣬲ҲԼͬسȥ
طɱֱеˣҲеսʧӰ١
һֻ̣һͷӣɣ
졭ӣ
ųǱſڣЩľǿ߰ѧǣսʹһξѣ֪˭һȻһɢ׷׳Ӵܡ
һ̣֮ûһѡųǱ
Ϊǿ񶼱طǿƻɱˣ¹˹طĶ֣صųǱֻ·һ
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طĻ£ڣ˵ĳԱǴӦ֮г𾴡
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ৣ
طٷϻһΣһֱ˹ųǱ
սҪɱ񡢰¹˹ͷʹˡ
ղţͷʹѾɱֻʣ°¹˹ˡ
˿̣طܹظӦ¹˹ڹųǱϢûκƶ
֤¹˹û뿪䣬пڱչء
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ϾһԽ벽񾳰ڵǿߣصضƻƻǾ˵ģȫں˵
Ҳȫˮ֮ǰ벽ǿߴӲ¶桢Եʡ
벽ǿߣһ壬֮ǰҲһĬ
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ҿԻɱȥ׷ɱųǱǰЩˣ
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شʦԣ׷׷˳֡
ΪǶܿµʵҪɱʹ֮ϣ˿ִ߶Ѫط۷սɱɱʹ
ȻɱЩľǿ߰ѧ練ƣϾֻһˣȫɱ
ӣǻоŻѪծѪнУգұնͷ­
µͺһһٶȶȻ˲Ϣ֮ɱɱʹǰ
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Ӱ֣˫Ȼ߸̧𣬺һ̹ſٵһ㣬ɱʹȻ¡
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һ̣¶ļ洫ѧеɱУ˵ƴﵽۣݻһѾ޸޸ɢſֲҲ¶һ˿ӵϢ

¶Ȼ٣ȫɱʹԤϣȫûжĻᣬֻҧΪն¡
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ꡪ
ɲǼ䣬촫
ɱʹӦѣѪɣ籩ɨУɶɫɷס
һɱʹܣҸһֵֻĴۣ
һУΪͻȻ٣ɱʹһֲ֮⣬Ϊ¶ļ洫ѧɱУֲף
ɱʹطɱ֮еͱˣȫûƴһս;ˣһǧɣʵۿۡ
һǿһֱⳡսǰ
ৣ
һնɱʹһֻ֣ͣһѸ׷ɱʹֶȻһӣָſһץסɱʹĲӡ
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нȪ֮°Ϣ
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Ϊطڴսʼ֮ǰ˵Ҫֻɱ¹˹š°¹˹ͷ­Ȼȥμֻĵ
ط粻а¹˹¸ȥҲ岻󣬸ܸıյĽ

ųǱվһŵſڣȹϵƵ߶ʱĿͶŵźɫİ¹˹ʱĿͶӹŵȣе丸İΣ
ৣ
ĽŲȻͣ£ɫ˲䣡
Ϊؿطȵһˡ
֣ԭأ
طȻ෴ѸӦϢ裬δе⣬ǽһΣͬسɴһ㣬Źŵ
ҡҸأ
طӰڹŵſڵʱξѣʶʵ
ˣɱġ
һ̡
ط翪ڻӦһӹŵﴫ
ŵ¹˹Ȼ˫ۣһԶŵħѣϢֲ˼£




2016 ұ߱
⣡
¹˹Ļͷһɫٶȿ䡣
ŵſڣɴ۾һط磬üĿ֮ű˺ʹࡣ
ΨһˣСбһšţͻȻԶ뿪һ涼ûм
ΪҪǣطУ
ȻǰطˣпܻڶԷУһʱԽܣ
ڱ˺ʹͬʱҲӿֳ˼ֲţ
һ棬Դطɱܲ󣬰¹˹һֱڹŵչءô֪طɱ
һ棬ؿطûһơ
Ȼ֪طͻ˰벽񾳣ҳΪ˵Ļ᳤ţطԺؽɱ
طܹܵû裬Ҳûж֣ǽĿͶ˺ڰĹŵ
һ̣ܹظܵ¹˹Ϣӿֲ
ӡ֤жϡ¹˹ʵ֮ϣҲֹǿһ㣡
ˣطûκӿֳŨҵɱ⣡
ʮǰ¹˹ΧҶУ˻ҩϣħ޷Ҷ
֮󣬰¹˹ѧǱױҳչʵɿ졣
ǰ¹˹ȣǿƻɱֻģԼĳ
Ҷֻġ
˶طޱȵҪ
ĳ˵Ƕطʦطĳѡ
Ҷ̻طսطΪΪ֮þĻ
ֻĲطĳɳУطӻΪطͷһԼѧľޱشڸط磬طΪѧδػ
طԣڹȥ굱У踺أϾ˵ϵǱıչأֻΪͻư벽񾳣Ұ¹˹㣡
ߵôܻ
ǰ¹˹ͻ˴˵е񾳣طҲҪƴһսݣ
㲻ûҵĻûлɱ㸸ףҡ
طսɱ񱩵˲䣬¹˹ͻȻƾճǰޱ˵㸸ûĻһִ֮ǰҡ
ط磬˵˵öô
˵󣬰¹˹ĿͶط硣
ûаŭ⡢⣬ż͵ζ
¹˹չʾǻô
طӦţȻƽԼԼָ侲
Ȼ޲̽¹˹ɱҲ֪ںܶʱĵˡ
ܿƺԼ޳ͷԣɱƣôпܻڰ¹˹
Ϊ¹˹ӿڵ֣һƵӡǶԼʵŵı֣
ֻڲһʵ
¹˹ԣ΢΢һЦǷݶط͸Ũˣط磬ܶǰΪҶΪеĴУû뵽ճΪҴеľȻͽܡ
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ط˰¹˹Ļ˾ۣڳ׷ڣͬڵĽһ㣬ӿ
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ط磬֪ɱңżѾ֮ȻһսսĽ֮бȻһ׼ȷ˵֮󣬸ǰսЩ˵Ҳ
¹˹ֱطսɱ⣬Ǽ˹˵ǿڴս֮ǰĵʲô
ţұ˶ͣҲֹһһҪ㣬̫ԸˣҶϣο㣿
ǰƾһ֮ڰ֮ҾͲ²⣬Ϊҽĵˣûѡɱ㣬֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ط۶Ű¹˹ûп
ܻ²ҵʱʵǿ󣬼ɵֻĺͻѧ磬ʵġţҿȷ˵ҵʱԳȥɱ㣬ɡûҵĻҲҪҵɻ׺Ǹ
¹˹һ˵Ǹоط粻ĵˣһλཻѡ
֮ûɱ㣬ҲΪԸҼţʵԶ׷ңһΪϵһͻ񾳵ˣ
ĿٳɳԴҶһЩѹʵ֤ҵѡȷġ
¹˹ڹʱ䣬Ӷô
طٴδ˰¹˹Ļͬʱ׼ˡ
Ǻǣط磬Ҳ㣬ͬʱ˳ڵھȫתΪͻ˴˵е񾳣
¹˹΢΢һЦ֮ǰ˵ܹôͻƴ˵е񾳣̶ܴҪ鹦㣬ĳɳ̼ҵıǿ
ৣ
¹˹ͻ񾳣ԭڱ˺ʹ֮е裬ͻȻɫһ䣬üĿ֮ӿֳ޷ε𾪣
طҲɵüͷۣضŰ¹˹Ҫ¹˹˼һ㡣
Ҹ˵ô࣬Ϊ㡭
¹˹ٴοڡ
Ȼ
һΣĻֻ˵һ룬ٴαطϡ
¹˹ķϻ̫ˣ
ط˵ţӿӿҪ֡
ط磬ϲ޵ѧˡҸ˵ô࣬Ϊҵĵվȫۣ֮Ҹ˵ûֵҿڣ
¹˹һҲط֣Ǽ˵˵Ǹ˵еǿˣĴڣҲϹŶڰɵ񾳣ûʸֵͣ
ľǸˡţսУͨƵǸˣ϶ûͻ񾳣ʵӦò㡣
Ͼһ·ɱģ
Ļɫ־
£¹˹ıڲƽ¶˼ֿ
գұ߱񣡣
طǿƻӦɱ죬һ¹˹




2017 ۷ս
ȻطܹظӦ¹˹ϢҪǿ٣û̫⡣
˵ͻһ󾳽磬ʵɱϢҲӦĻɱǿּԽԽԡ
磬ͻĲͨ߶ԺܴˣͬǵȾǿ벽񾳶ԣǷݲԺԲƣ
ο¹˹ͻƵǴ˵е񾳣
طΪ¹˹δͻ񾳣ֻװǻƣʱ䣬ĳ̣
ৣ
ۿطɱԣ¹˹ɫƽػ֣һɫһǽڣǰ赲ط硣
ৣ
ɫһ䣬ʶغ
ŮŮԺգ벽ǿ߽棬ҲֹһΣ֪еĿ¡
ʵ½ֻǱط¹˹սпشɥ
ͬʱطβͣұȭգһȭɫݻĳǽ
̣
طٴζ̣Դ̽¹˹ʵ
һȭطӿұۣȭݻɫǹâȭͷ֮ϡ
䣡
طһȭкɫǽһ죬ǹâ˲ըƿֲ
ɫݻĳǽֻǳƣ飬ͬ֩һ
һȭطδܹư¹˹ǽұһɿµķεˣѪЩ
⿴Ƽ򵥵ײطȫ·磡
ң¹˹ղһΪ
ط磬ղչֵʵ䲻۷һս
¹˹վںɫݻĳǽ棬ûط絹˵Ļ֣һư⣬Ȼ۷֮սӦ˼֤ųǱһս
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ţ
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һ棬¹˹ϵʵ̫Ũˣ˹âУɢżµ
һ㣬ط粢δȻӳײԵĴǱ⣬˫ŵųǱǽڣԾϳǱ
ţ
״ҲѧطӣǰǱ
ҪԼ֤һս

ϵĳǱ⣬˵ĲжѾβ
»ɱһǧɵɱʹ֮󣬿׷սʹһͬսʹɱ
ʹ׷ױŷ޹Ž̫͢ӡŷڵΧ
ЩӴܵľǿ߰ѧţҲѾɥֻм©֮㣬
¹˹վڹųǱĶؿһУûһ˿ƽˮ
Ϊһֱδ׵Ȩ͵߸ƿϡ
һ䣬ֻһĿ꣺Ϊһǿߣ
һ£ˣҲ޶ԡ
Ŀջأٴο˵ϹųǱط硣
¹˹طʦ˹ųǱ
ͬʱ˵˷׷׸Ӧ˰¹˹Ϣ˸ǿڡ
ৡ
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һ̣طʵΪĿȻüͷ¹˹ʵԤƺ
ط磬ҿԸһѡĻᡣ
·Ϊ˻ӦƵģ¹˹Ȼ˫ֱط磬˵ѡֶҽΧ
ৣ
ৣ
ৣ

¹˹һĻڣųǱЩ˵ĳԱɫһ䣡
ԭǸղžڵǣطǷ˳ɱ¹˹¹˹طһͬΧ
ʲô
ѲǶʵоˣӣ
ѵ¹˹Ѿͻƴ˵е𣿡
֮࣬вԼͬӿֳһµͷ
ԣҪšͷ­ȥμֻĴʦ񣡡
طӦڻش¹˹ҲڼᶨԼ֮ĺ
£طſµɱ⣬鿴ȥ侲
Ϊ֪һսΪԼյһսݲðɣ
۷һս
¹˹ԣЦɣóȫʵеĵƣǧҪʧ
Ը·
طһͺȣǿƻӦȻһŸ֮ĺ޵еٴ¹˹
ǵġ
֪¹˹ʵս֮ϡ
֪һսԼ˵δ
ûˣҲˣ
Ϊ
һˣ֮ľͱˣ




2018 Ƕ

طұ˳ƻӳָۣʳָ罣մ¹˹
ָ
۷սطһֱ㶯˴ʦҶڵĴָ
һŨĽɫطָһɫС¹˹
ৣ
ۿط幥¹˹δеȣһӣһɫٴݻһǽԼǰ
ղţط綯̣δܺ¹˹ݻĳǽһֵΣ
䣡
촫ɫСкɫݻĳǽײ߼ͬʱը
һΣطƵ˰¹˹ǽ
ɲǼ䣬µײΪģܺɨ
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Ϊ̶ֳȵ޷Ļ޷ӽ
ţ
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¹˹ͫ׶ȻŴ
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һĶã޷νӡ
طղŶδָҽʱյüΪ׼ư¹˹ǽͬʱڶɫС֣ڰ¹˹ɾ˲䣬й
һ̣طչԼḻɱ顣
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ˣ¹˹Ȼûг˿ţûŲȥ˫ѸٻӶǰĺɫѸۣݻһźɫ塣
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ط磬ԶսĿҲܵ˺ɫĿֲ
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ͬʱųǱ˲Բ۾
˵¹˹дһڷѧСתơһ򷨣ʽ
ղţ¹˹ݻĺɫ壬˲뵽˶תƣ
ط磬ƶҲ̫ʧˣһսҲûбҪȥˣ
¹˹ɰȻ˫ֶǾһ㿴ط磬֮гſ
ৡ
¹˹⻰һڣ˲ʶսʼڣطζôָȻûð¹˹ƶ벽ɫһ䣡
Ϊȫӡ֤֮ǰжϡ¹˹ʵԶ֮ϣҲط֮ϣ
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սǿĻȷʵʤˣ
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ǡӦ֪ѧֵزǵļѾȫʧȥˣ
¹˹΢΢һЦ֮͸©ŲмٸһγֵĻᣬǿưɣ򣬽㽫ûκγֵĻˣ
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֮ͬǰһǽɫкɫֱ֮ӱ𿪣ı˹
䣡
һ죬ɫ˾¹˹ԶĹųǱϵĽֱݣ衣
תƣ
¹˹ôµѧٴ׾ٵػطĹȫڲ֮ء
ط·Ԥϣ治ɫٴλӶ֡
ɲǼ䣬ɫ֣ĲӬһ¹˹ٴαɫ𿪣޷԰¹˹ɰ˺
ৣ
ط粻ͣٴλӳ֡
Ϸˣң
¹˹ʶʲô֮ǰǰüͷ
Ϸˣ
طЦһɫƴٴ¹˹ٴαɡ

طٳ֣¹˹ͻȻһͺȡ
¹˹㲻˵ôΪʲôҪŭأ
ط缥Цţٴ̧
ط磬ԭʶһعɱﵣȻԼԸ
¹˹һѪ˲ڣϢǡ
˵ղһٶط֣ط籩¶еƣطյع
ǵڣ¹˹ɶطѧعȤ
طܹعһһʤǿعһǿޱȣ
ܹ֣ͨоطعʵõһ
Ȼ
طӶϷˣ£¹˹ŭˣı⣬طйҶԴѧȭһɱС
ޱ
ɲǼ䣬ɫӰ¹˹ȭ֮Ȼݻһɽ
ɫɽʵʣӿйâӿɢſµŻصƣطȻȥ
ৣ
ط׼ûѡӲƴһѸٶ㿪
䣡
ٴδط֮ǰվĹųǱɫݻĴɽУʮ֮ȫ̮
¹˹νǿߣʵ֣
طܿ¹˹ٴЦ¹˹
ʼƿһսĽ࣡




2019 ѧӦ
񾳣
¹˹񾳣
طĻųǱ⣬о
Ȼͨ¹˹ı֣жϳ¹˹ǿҲ²¹˹пͻ˴˵е񾳣˿ط׿˵𾪲ѣ
ϾǴ˵еľ磡
Թûκμ¼أ˳Ϊǿߣ
ûκμܹ˵ǿʲôӣ
壬ھȫתΪ
ЩǺܶ˵жϣȻõ˸ʱڰ벽ǿߵͬ
Ϊŭֻø죡
ڿ𾪵ͬʱ¹˹ڲƽüͷ۶ط磬ɭɱ⡣
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طʵʩ֮ǰļƻٴγԼŭ¹˹

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˿̣طáǿߡݰ¹˹ֱӴ˰¹˹ۣ
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У¹˹ֻһն

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طѸٱˣͬʱ˫ַɿӶٴݻһͼǰ
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طѧܹܵԼͼǿ󣬵ûеģٴοڼŭ¹˹ͬʱԴ
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ͬҲǻᵮ֮ʣ




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Կ϶طڽ֮ǰͼ
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𾪵ͬʱطǰٴγһͼֱӽĺɫ𿪡

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ֻΣû⣬ҵѧ
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ҵҪôӳȥ
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¹˹ЦһطĿͷ·ڿһʬ塣




2021 㣬
ɫɳǧɫ֯ɣ濴ȥһ޴ĹĻ˸źɫĹâ޷һУֻܸܵµ
ս¹˹ĺڰ˺ܶ࣡
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һ̣ǾΪطȻںɫôûϣƺɫ
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ৡ
δҲǵһʱڿ󣬼ٳŹųǱȥͼܹط硣
ͬʱɫ֮УطסΣֻԼǱ뵽һµ硣
ڰ䡣
Ǻڰطĸо
ͬʱҲףѪɫǰ¹˹ĺڰǽϣݻһյĿռ䡣
ռʩ൱һĴڣͨ񹥻ţɱըñը˲Ŀֲɱ֡
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ۿطûоŵȥڰ¹˹⣬ȻϷʵؿط磬ٲȻѽطǰϵ⣬׸
ΪڰڲСطĿռޣ¹˹ţط޷СĿռĹ
ϾղŴսʱطųǱݶӴܣҲֻǼʮȭ
οʱڰȻúڰطɱ
ƾǿߣҲɱң
طЦӦ¹˹Ŀڿһ׳ա

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طһĶãڶõʽ㡯¹˹ͬʱ˹Ϊµļ
һΣ¹˹ܵ˻ߡŵϢ

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Ψһͬǣڰ¹˹ƴ£Щɽɫݻðˣеֱӱϡ
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¹˹ɶѪ硣
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ͬʱ迴ڰȻɢŨܵĺɫ޷һУܵ˾޴̲ס˫ۣĬ
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ͬʱٳŹųǱĿˣԼͬͣ˽Ųɤϡ
һ̡
ɢɫɢ
ųǱһг˵
¹˹ȾѪڹųǱһǣһ
طŽɫȻڹųǱһˣӱֱǹս·
һĻ㣡




2022 һ¹˹

ŹųǱĻ棬裬ǿ˵ĳԱͳͳɵˡ
ǵɴ۾ϳŲ˼飡
Ϊڸղţǿط类¹˹ںڰ֮УΪطѻ뿪ڰ
ڰ֮зұըʱǶ۵Ϊطܱɱˡ
˿̣طǵûûаơ
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ϾһУųɵҼһ㱬Ǿ˵ģ
ڰ¹˹
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Ƿ𾪣ԴطУҲԴս̡Ǹطˣ
ȡ
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ۡ
طĻ䣬¹˹ըˣѪɣֻȾѪͷ­ᵹǽǡ
£ûĿ͸ղŵĲʡźеֻƽ
һ¹˹˽ᣬ½׳룡
ط硣


2023 
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ûгýɱط磬˽ᣬԼͷ­Ϊطͻ񾳻߼ǿ֮󣬸ھȪ֮µ
ȫ˰ط˵Ԥϡ

ȹ󣬿˵ĳԱǳ˿
Ű¹˹ĺĳԱֻʣˣûав֮κһ˳֣ɽɱ
ųǱطŰ¹˹µͷ­ɫӡ
׿ͳ˵¹˹һֵصĶ֣һ䣬ͻԹǿΪ롣
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ط侲֮˼·࣬Ҳ˲ͨ˺ܶ飬Ȼѯʣǿ϶
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ΨһĵӣҲһˣκβӡ
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ǼٲһսҰȥģģĿΪ˾㣡
㻹֪ʲô
̫үȻǿߣĶ֣ΪʲôЩ£ؽʵҲɣΪʲôƫƫȥ
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С磬統һôһ֡ӣǸߣ˴һ
ҲãҲգˣû˿һȥߡ
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2027 ǰ
طĬˡ
̫ү˼
û̫үȷ񾳡
̫үԼһ
ܣ
磬Ҫ⵹ңǣĵĴ֣ҪҷصĴ󣬲ſ𵴣ڰȡ
볹ײҪ֪ľλã޷
̫үĻ˵ԼǸ˴ߣҲһն
õܲλ֮ȥһˣȷûǿߡ
ɽطĬֲһᰵиһͬǰȻǿ߻ɱ
ͲǸ¹˹ҲڳɳĹزۣ
طɽ޷ɽԼҪôΣ˵ҪĴ󣬲ſԲһ֣ϸִС
ģôܲأ
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طٶȳĬ
ǸûɽΪõЩĥѣܳɳô죬޷ﵽĸ߶ȣ
طʦʵʦҳأĿıΪ˱㡣Ҳ˵Ϊǿ֮ʦǵа벽ǿ߶֣ҳء
ʱҶͻȻڵֻ֮Ĵʦʵһֱڱ㣬ΪݵԵʣ㡣
ڳΪǿ֮ǰû˸κα㱻뿪ģǶڼ䡣Ƕʱѵʱ򣬵Ҳɳʱ򡣡
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սûȥطͻȻʵ
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һΣڻشطؽ˵ԼֻĹͨϸڡ
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ط뵽Դ֮йֻĶԼĴ˶Լı
ֻĲ֪̫үŵ顣
ؽٴο˵ֻĴȥ㣬ҪΪĵסҸ˵绰õİΣ˿ȥȷİȫûҵʲôˣҲûи
С磬ڵϣ֮⣬û֪һšѩ㣬㲻ҪϢκˣͬʱҪǶϢϸܡ
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á
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ȥʱ˵ӣٹ֪ͻȻ֮ˣȻȨɿֻţҲͨ˾¼
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á
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ط˵̾˿үүһУ̫үźõġ

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ط翪ڶ
ס
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á
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С磬ѩӦø˵һġԸ㻻˱죬˴û׼ˡ
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裬ǲ
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ط˵̫ү˵үүһУƻŵģүүִֻߣĿĥҡ

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2028 Ϣ
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ԭΪ֯εֻģݵλԺգ񼫸ߣӦڰ˱ɽֻıǰҪԼ󣬽Լڻ֯԰
¹˹һս֮ǰ˵ġ
ʱ磬μֻĿ˻û֯кĳԱδִʽԱȫˣ˺Ժ԰վǰ
Σ
طǰЩ֯ĳԱ׷ط籧ȭ񣬳ƺطΪΡ
һ棬طݼ˻֯˸һְ
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Тڵһԡ
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죬Тͽܵ壬ԡӡ壡
Σ塣
طմкȻڵϣֻĵͳʷͷıףִʦллǰҵչ˺ͱǰҼϣܹδػģ
һɱ˰¹˹Ϊ˳𣬲
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С֣ʬطðΣΪصģѪطΪ㱨ģûпˣҲûʧϢɣҲ˵
طԣû˵ʲôվ˿ԣ׼һͬӭӿˡ
С磬㡭
ռ״˵ʲôȺĻ˵ڣ㱻طϡ
壬ִʦʦͽ֮ʦͽ֮ʵҲĵӡ
ط˵ɣܼ
š
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һ̣ȻãطܹΪȫѧģɱϣܹΪѧģǿʵΪѧĹףƷ
С磬ܹΪڡһǾŵ㵽ŵʮ壬Щμֻĵ񣬺ǻĺ;ߡΪȷЩİȫصֿˡ
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ûгڻ֯ܲԺ԰ǰԺС
У¡ġشʦƺҶ˸ȷڼİȫ
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ǰ֯ĳԱؽĵе⣬ǻǵһʱ买
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ΪУ֯Щ˺;һǱսʿ
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ҸǴкˣǰֻһᡣ
ؽڻӦĿȴͣڱͷϣд˱ʹ
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ˣңпʦС磬лǧǧսʿǻػƬƬ
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˵󣬽ĿͶط磬Ȼָֻĵı׵֮սʦսըطʦðΣգǱˮУӰ¹˹ʦź
һǰҲطʦðΣգ¹˹սս¹˹ͷ˻
ৡ
յĻ˶Լͬؿط硣
طվһԲһ鱯ˡ
ͬʱմһ֯ԱнӹһƵӣȻ򿪣ȡ¹˹ͷ
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Ŀ֮£ְֳ¹˹ͷ˵ڡ
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طǰߵǰһѴյУӹ¹˹ͷ
ಣ
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ͬʱһɫطָ׼ȷޱȵػ˰¹˹ͷ
ۡ
ɲǼ䣬¹˹ͷըһѪѪɫԶ
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һߣԶ
һ̡
֯ĳԱͻѧĴ׷죬þòɢ
ĲɵУ
춯صĺطǰȻӰЩ벽ǿߣͷһȻԼͬӿֳ仰
󣬵ٴɢطȥ֣֯ĳԱԶֻ֣ĵͷͬ죬һһ׼õĹء
ֻĵʬ֮Ҳˣǿʼ볡
طҲǰԺȻؽĳԺͣţЩ죬Ȼؽ֡
طɻؽԣʵôûߣ
ղòؽʡ
طĬ
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ôˣط練ʡ
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طһЩԤϡ
ҺԨһͬΪֻҪүүֻңһûӡ
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2029 Ӣۣػ
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ӣôоҪ°
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У˵ĵ䡣
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һƬҵУؽԴǰȻһͬݿǰ
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ݿŮӭμСĻλСӵүүԨ
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ƾһ㣬ڳݿȶѷɫѩ㡣
һЩ֪ѩܿɹĸ֡
ܹΪطӣҲӮڸ֣
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