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1 ɨС
ڣɽ۷塣
ΪĴɣڱʮɽص۹佨ռһǧɽɽߴ壬ʮС壬۷С֮һ۷壬˼壬۵Ӿסĵط
۷Ȼ۵ӾסĵطģȴѾص۹ڵһʮ˿ڵСǡ
ͬһ㣬Ҷˣ΢ϴһźɨ߳˷䡣
ߵһĨǰףҶһ糿µĿƬ̺ҶԵ۵Сϲᶨ֮ɫŬ֣˵꣬첽ȥ
ǿǸǰŵ𣿡
ԭҲ֪ǰֻһ۵ӣһɨصġ
ϧˣĶ࿡һСﰡڿҲʮɣͣԭǰ;ϧȴӣϧˣ
˵ǰڰϳǱųΪŵӣ֪Ȼһ궼ûյųһŭΪ۵ӡ˵ǽʷϵһŵӱΪ۵ӵģһڵһϲĵĳƺţ
ڵһϲģͷǹİ
Χ˵ĻҶŲһ٣ֽ˽еɨѣƬ̺һڹܼˣٳȥ
λ۷ɽɼСɽţмݵĹȵףз£̲Ųͤͤǣաƽʱ۵ӲҩĵĵطҲҶƽʱĵط
һʯϣҶɨⶪһԣȻھʯϣӻȡһŷһСˣյļţæ˽߰˸ʱûʱ俴
еСˣҶЩ۵¶һĨ͵Цݡ˺С˵ܾ£ȴðģȻЩҴֲڣǶ˵ȴġ
ḧһᣬҶ˷Ż˻Уϵŷϣش˴ŷϵĻҳȻСȡŷţ
磬¼ĻĽѾյˡԴ㱻ȥŵӺǰЩǼҵھӾ;ǼҴšߣС֪֪бˣԲŶ׺õģһȺСˡ
Ҷһ΢ƣһĨԳŵӡ
ãҶǹɲεѹȥȻĿϡ
УǸҵ˺รǾȻףСǼǸٽĴֽС檣Ǹֽ·߲СԲ£СС檣ûͬ⣡ҪޣСҲҪޣ޸硭ˣɲЦңҲЦ
ңҶһĨ⣬ڰϳŲСǰҼĸΪ檣ĸͬ⣬ҲֳϾص۹ɷɭϣֳҲǻ鷳ġ
ҲûзڰϳǴһңҪĸԸң࣬ĸûЭһֱųΪŵӣΪŵӺ΢ɵڹֱȡ
û뵽ҾȻõ⣡
ʵʵұΪŵӡҶ˫ȭգ֪Ϊ۵ӵϢǴذϳǣҿ϶޼ɵĸõĴ϶൱Σա
뵽⣬Ҷߵ˾ʯ棬ʯһ֦֦ĸӵĺں顣
ĸںֱԼ󴦣飬ҶܵһֳظУڣһʱ䣬Ѿϰ
ҶߵһŴǰ˫һţڿգ˫ץס֦Ȼֱ۵š䣬һƣƣõļⶼһ˶
ǡΪŵʱõģʲôûֻҪŵӶһⱾôǿڽǴﵽһʱͻһ˿һˡ
Ȿ˰궼ûһ˿ҲΪˣűŵӱΪײ۵ӡ
ŵӱΪ۵ӣڽʷϴδй飬һǳţʷϵһϲģˣΪ˽ųϽŵʱķ̲ġ
һĸŵ͵߲棬ųǾͻһ䣺ҪڶҶ
£һ˶뿪ڻ׵ġҶûУûлףԸΪһ۵ӣ
һУֻΪʧĸ׵ϣΪΪŵӣĸ˸ۣΪΪŵӣĸڹһӣ
ȥһжᱻı䣡

Ƭ֮󣬼ž֮ͻȻżΪŨҵĴϢصˮУɬʹĸоõҶ˫ۣɶͷϵĺˮͬһ㳯ȥ
ʱҶоȫƣر˫ۣͬǦһ㣬ޱȡһʱ򶼻ѡϢûУҧ˫ץס֦š
ãҶɫͨ죬ͷϺ£ǼɫѾʪ͸޵ĸоõͷĿѣգ˫һɣ˵档

ڵϣҶڴڴϢţʱһָûˡ
߷һĨǰףԶľɫҶ̰ͻȻҶ͵˫Բϣǲ˼飡
Ȼܵ
ǵģܵһ˿϶ھλáȻ˿ЩᡢСĸоˡ
ô£
Ҷо˿뵤ȴͻȻˣǵģֱӲˣδֹ
Ҷüͷţһ˿Ƭ֮Ҷ˫Բ֮ɫ
ңңҾȻȻҶ˹Ĳ˼顣ҵ˿׼ȷ˵һ˿һɣһСУС֮У
ҶǰΪʲôûյûյպǸСи˽ȥ֮ûǸСУǸСصķǳ˳ŸղĸоѰңһӶֲǸСУ
ܸ֮ܵǸСˡǵģǸСװһ˿ĵλãǲ֪ΪʲôǸСǿнһ˿˽ȥһ˿ûĵ
֪Ӧöһ֪ǲҲһ֪һ㣬Ǿһϲģǿģ
뵽⣬ҶǸһĨǳǳĻȣƬ֮󣬻𽥱ЦӺ䴫ֹһᣬЦתǳ׵׵ĴЦ
ҶǿԳΪߵģҶǿԳΪߵģ
һ̣ҶЦĿ˳޵һӡҹȻδȴһֱѹһεĴɽ±ȡЦǷϲģҲ±Ʋ
ĸϣ
ĸǰΧھӵ裡
ĸ׹ǰַԲӣ
£ºöö࡭
ڣֹЩˡֻҪ߲㣬ﵽƷܳΪŵӣֻҪΪŵӣԴйнʱлΪŵӡ
ֻҪΪŵӣǰϳǳҪ
º͵⴩ּ䣬ҫҶǻմȾˮϣҶӳͨ졣
ǰôûΧľɫ˺ÿأ
ЦЦѹеļҶ˲ϵˮȻȡ·Żǰλãߵʯ֮ϼǰɨ㣬Źȿڿȥ
ǼǵãǴɨ䳡


2 
۷һ䳡䳡󣬺ɣһɫĻҰ׾ʯ̾ͶɣӴڹ㳡룬һ޴ʯΡȻ
ǰ޴䳡ƽʱŵĵطҲҶҪɨĵط˴һƬطȻֻһ˴ɨһĹ
죬ҶԹ䣬ΪһƬҪһܴɨ꣬콫һʱ䶼ûڣгϣʲô˳ۣ
ϣⲻǵʷϵһϲŶԣǵŵӣǵŵĿ簡ǲѾ䳡ɨɾ˰
ʱһųЦһԴ˹
⳰ĻҶתұߵˣǰ˾Ĺ顣Ϸʵı飬Ҷޱ飬ϲŭ
Ϊ׵ʶжޣҲ۵ӣܲãȻ۵ӣȴǴӲɻǽԼĻñ֮ţΪһ磬Ժ£ǧۣ¹ܣŵӣ
ɽ۷˵޼ɵκ˷
ڶԱߵˣߵиұߵĽҲ۵ӣ˻иţӡ
ջ˼ҶȻˣǾͷ¹ɣˣһ˸һߣƽ
ߵЦָҶŸ磬ûȻŸ乤ЦˣһΪСʶȤأû뵽һӣ
⻰Ͳˣ񣬹˼ҿǸ߸ϵŵӣȻôҲŵӵˣôŵֵͼĻأŸ磬˵ǲǣ
ЦŸС˲̣磬ѹֶŸ翴㣡
ǫֻᶯƤӣܴܳÿЩʶȤˣģǶŸұۣ

һʱ䣬ϧ
Ҷ俴ţ໥
ߵҶǰҶļЦеСӣӲ䳡һ˴ɨô
ôҶ޵ȥߵǰ֪Ǽŵӣƽ⣬ϾǰŵǰȹҪҴŵӱ۵ӣǿңʧȥϣǣ˵꣬Ҷתɨ㣬䳡мȥ
Ҷֱ׷̣ɫһһף˶ƵġһԵĶ˫΢УɫԺǧ۵ӣû˸Ҳӵġ
ΪӣԹɫҪģ޵ɫ⣬嵽ҶǰָҶҶ㻹Ϊŵ㲻Ǹһ궼ܴﵽһƷķϲģʷϵһϲģŸɨǿ㣬Ҫ
ǷϲģҶͣ½ŲҲĳЩūźãһ쵽ֻ˼ǰһ˸ʱƨʱ˷
򣬴ҵģˡԺû˸ϣǰûУڲУԺУκ˳Ϊ⣡
޵ĻվҶǰʱЦһһȭҶš붯ˣǶûңִˣǺе𡣵ڶ޷ڹ˼ˡ
֣Ҷɫ峯ȭͷͬʱеɨǰ͵˹ȥ
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ȭͷգԴñҶɨĸţһҽУϻģ˺üȻʹĶ˵ϣ˫ֲ۾ɨϵĻҳǺܶģҶһģʹҳУ۾ݲɳᶼˡ
飡
Ҷһ֣ɫһŭȻһ壬һȭҶĺסǰʷϵһϲģȻϣǶ޲̵ġ۷壬⣬ϴ۷˶Ҫģ
ܵ޶֣ҶҲˣһµˣǲ¡ǰȻһ˴ɨһ칤ĻڸֱӶ֣Ļˣ
תҶŶȭ͵غ˹ȥ
죡
ȭײǲһ޶ʱ˫Բ¶ʹı飬ֹˡ
׼֣ʱҶȴǷһץץסȭͷһҽŶС͵˹ȥ
죡
޶ʱ˳ȥɳһ׺ص˵ϡ
ҶȻͬ۵ӣûǰÿ˹ǳԺֻӡÿĹʱ䶼ڶܹη绹꣬һûϹ
ԣʹûΪһߣǿȣȴҲǰܱȵġ
ҶתͷһԵĸҶԼʶĳ˫ֽգǿ򶨣ţµֶӣıŵӣ㶯ǲŹģ
ûܺٻĸҶߵڵϵĶԣɵĶޣڣˣ䳡ȫɨû⣿
˹ԥҶȭͷæû⣬û⣬ϴɨúǰģˡ
ؿ˶һۣҶɨ첽ȥ֪»û꣬ǰ˻鷳޲ң϶ȥ壬ŵӱԼ鷳
ֻǿһЩߣʱԲһŵӵĶ֡ΪԱճΪߣȻǸŵʱû
ԣüӽȡΪһߡ
Ÿ磬ô죿˶ޣˣǽҶ˶֣ȥҶԷ鷳Ǿˡ
һԵĸ˵ˣҶĺЩηˡ
ұ̽׻ʱҪҶıӰ˸ԹĹâˣ۵ˣû˸ȻҶ֣뵽⣬Թ֮ɫŨЩ

ǿûǸʷϵһϣŶԣҶһ٣
ʲôģǸıˣ
㲻˵Ѱɣ޵£ŵӣǽҶŵӸҴ𣿡
ƭʲôҿۿģӽͬһ˲׼ɻҶһ˴ɨ䳡Ҷͬ⣬Ȼ˾Ϳʼ֣û뵽˷Ҷһ٣һɨҶһ̣
ˬǸ飬ƽʱи磬۸۷۵ӣߵˣߣ¸߱ȥñҲˬˬ
һᣬҶŭ޵±Ǵ۷塣
ҶѾȡ


3 е
һˮ̶ԣҶڵϣ˫΢գڡ
ǰ˷ܹҶЩôôԾǸСеŪ
һǸСеˣСеֻаƴСɢҲΪÿζյһ˲䱻СС
Сн⣬ʹ޷ΪһߣӦ˵ںܾǰѾˡΪܲܳΪߣǿһ˵ʣͨս˾һߵġ
ǣսͱСգһΪԼߡӳΪߵı׼˵ǰһߵġ
ҶſСУ룬СмȻڣӦþĶƵġȻʧˣÿҪСнʱСоͷ·ܵʲô̼Ƶģٵתʹһ˿û
Щҵģ
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Ҫûô߶Ҫ֪ĶѾǴﵽļޣûԴ£ûӳ޸壬ߣǺֲܿص𺦡
һ㣬͸һ㣬Ҫ֪ûҵĻǲģһ㣬Ҿոյôˣ
ӲĲУҶģȻЩϾЩġû취ϵܲܳΪߣϵܲܳΪŵӣòͷ
һᣬСûӦҶ׼ŭʱͻȻһ˿ɫС˳״ҶĲֹһᣬһ˿˳𽥣һ˿˿ɫ˳˶ʮ˿ɫСвͣ
ɫҶ׼мʱɫͻȻھĴȥһ˿˿ɫֽļ֮Уһ̣Ҷ·֮ϸĻһ㣬ɬƣͣȻʧȡ֮ģһԽľ
ҶɻʱͻȻоƺʲô䶯æ·ͷһҶ˫۶ʱԲֻϵƤʱ۵ٶţ
Ƥ
ƤǡﵽĲ󰡣ﵽĲ㣬Ҳ˵Ʒ

뵽⣬ҶӵЦЦһᣬƺòףæֹסЦͷԼ塣
ϻڲƤҶæѵȫ·Ȼˮ̶Ƥѹˮ̶֮й˹Ȼˮ̶ƻĸǰƹͬŹ⻬ʯͷһ㣬һصļӲ֮дġ
žžž
ѹеļҶһԵһ֦ʩչһ׻һ׽󣬾ȻǽϵĻҳһЩǰƣǰɱȵġ
չҶæٴνڣƬ̺ӿֿϲ֮ɫûĴﵽ˷Ʒ
߶ǣһӵƷҶΰĻ㱸УǺܿˡһ̣ͿʼʱŵУȻ˵ŬһŽǰ
һ̵ڣѾ꣬ʹﵽһǳӲĳ̶ȣ壬һǧĽƱͻȻӵ룬룬ȻȡƱĽҡ
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ҶüͷͻȻһ壬ͻȻ뵽һ⣬ǾԼǵɫģɫԼеģǱڵǵɫģҶЩɻˡ
ˣԺŵӣʱӴĶˣͿ϶֪ǲһˣҶһţǼˣһҲͽȷˡ
ϣٴγڣʱĵǰЩɫѾʧտҲ
֣Ҳ˵ĻģԺյ֣ҽյ㣬ҪֵɫҲռˣӦҲֻ֪ұǿˣյŻ֮࣬Ҳǿյ϶ǼٵģԣҪΪұǿˣܵõô
ҶֻĸоǾΪǸСģûʲôԭָоСһ£ȻԺСжռɾˡ
һᣬҶЩʱСͻȻתתһᣬȻͣ
ܵСеĶҶЦˣֱСͬˡȻСҲٶȣԾǿͶʣ
·ҶߵĵطϣʱҶо˿
ûйֻö巽ʽԽݣյȻҲ͸࣬յԽ࣬õĵɫҲ͸ࡣиĵɫǿԼԼľ硣
ѽѽҪ׷үүѽ
Ҷ׼޶ʱԶͻȻһЩۣȻһСŮ
ҶͣסŲԶ֣ͻȻһ黨ȹСŮʧĴ֮˳СŮԼֻʮ꣬һıԺɫɷףСҧֽŲõƴɱ
СŮ˳ҶʱԭɫЩ԰׵СʱĸˣܱߺǸСۣܰС߷ˡ
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ҶʱͻȻһһȻСŮƬľֱײس˳

ȻҶʱͬСŮһˣСߣǾ
Ʒޣ൱ô󣬳ɣ˫ȭͷҪһƬǷýҲһ


4 ս
СŮȻСܵȴǺܿ죬ҶʱȻǿиıܷ򣬳һȥľ룬ҶתͷܵĻʮа˾ѵġ
Ҷԥ£һ̣һԥԱһʯžȥֻʮʱеȭͷʹ̵ž͵˹ȥ
죡
ʯͷ˾Դϣ顱һʯͷʯм
״ҶƤһ̫˵㰡
ҶһʯУŭˣϷ˼׷СŮһڣҶײ˹
Ӵ֮һƬǽ壬ǱĶѹǰƣΪˡ
ܰ
һ濴СŮҶһͬʱٴμ˵ϵһʯͷž˹ȥ
ʵ˵ȻҶһ׶ûܣʵСŮһʼ϶˵ϿСŮȴԼ׷ϣҲԸ
СŮ͸СһȻҪһƴ֮
ҶСڴڵشţ鶯˫ۿҶһգһգġȻû뵽۵ӻȥֿ

һֽУҶþȫеʬ˾Դϡ
죡
һ죬ʯͷѣҶ嵹˳ȥڵ档ĨĨǵѪҶʲôѻʯˣ
һңͷ·ϣʯͷѣԼֱ۶һ̱顣
˻˻
ҶУ޴һһڣٴγҶײ˹
ͬһСɽľҶƤһæվһѪˮٴγȥ
ܿ϶ǲˣûʲô赲ƽأǿ϶ܲߵģ
ȻܣǾֻƴˡ
嵽ǰʱҶһȣ˫͵صŵأԾ˫ȭžȭͷıɫ˫ȥ
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Ҷһڣ޴βźХķ͵ɨҶ
βٶȺܿ죬쵽ҶûüӽͱβɨС
죡
βɨУҶʱоԼ·һ㣬һƺߣһѪ˳屻βɨĵɶɳʮ׺صһݶҳ
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ʵ֪Ƕˣ޵ķǾǺɨͬ࣬Խ׺ɨܡοǰͷޱȼ߰
㣬û°ɣʱæܵҶߣҶ
㻹ûܰ
ҶǿվСŮûܣߣƴȡȻûܣҶˣ
ҡҡСԴСһһڵģôôܶأҪͬ벻ǿȻ˵ţǰȹСĨһŷֽȻֱҶļϡ
ֽҶʱͻһֱûҶڣ壬ҶʱоԼһȫƺһڱڡ
ϸԼϵı仯ҶԵһľž˹ȥ
ҲϢ£ǾĻ᣿СŮŷʱٴγ˳˹
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űͷѪڣҶͷƤЩ飬Ҳ֪ȥԿ߳ȼľ֪ƽأܣǾʮģȻһЩᡣ
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뵽⣬Ҷ˿ԥһȣٶȼӿ죬ֳ˾
ҶԼɺţһڣǰΪ֧㣬βٴ͵سҶɨ˹ȥβ֮һƬǽ壬Ҷ
βɨԼеҶһ͵عȥŵ滮˹ȥβ沿ɨҶһŭȣɫ͵ڵ棬Ծ˫ľ͵سȭͷۺݺݵشȥ
ǻеһУȻһľҲû취ֻܽһˡ
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ԼȻ̿˾ڵƬҶһ㶣ûüϲ͸оԼһһɾʹ㴫ȫ·Ҫһ㡣
ԼסҶΣĹͷصСڲģɫԴԴϵӿĵ֮С
壬Ҷ룬ľת˫ȭϣȭͷϣ֣ͬһضžβͺ䡣
ҶǣÿһȭȻƬİ˽ȥ֪϶ŷڵɫáΪǾܸ˺ģ
Ҷȭͷǵɫһɫ׵ı۾һ૵С۾Ȼ֮еĽ
죬죬죡
Ҷȭ£ԸоʹβҶȭͷ䴦ǴƬѾ˿¶ɺ⡣
һᣬ·磬ΪβѾ챻ҶڣβľʹβһɣҶڵϣףȭͷ˫ĿҶ׹磬ֻζһ˿ɵ
ʱæܵҶԣַסҪȥҶСۣȻΪһƷ׷˱һʱҪǱзʱ϶ˡ
ԣҶһƷݣ֪Ϊʲô׷ˡ
ݼ۸ǼģݵƷΪĸƷƷһϣһҶҶ˵ѾˡҪ֪һµĹǮżʮöҰ
ڱȻƷһ׵ƷҶ󲻵ǻٽңҪݶǾ൱ڸ߽׹ǰ㣬ġ
Ҷģüͷһ壬СǰȹСȻͳһɫķɫҶϣСۣ͡
ԣҶһ飬ݺݵص˱һۣʱٴθоԼһһڣǹԼٶȫתһȦȻȻоԼǰսƣһɨգȫֳ
ˣоΧϳӿȥˮһ㣬ھбӿʣͻȻСиתЩ۲ɼٶʧڣֹϢС֮ͻȻһɹɵɫ
ڵҶһϲȻСŮһۣ𾪣֪ڸղųֵЩ϶СŮǷ£ʱûʣΪԣǻһƷ޵ġ
ŤŤӣӿҶžЦһȻҽ̤أαȭͷźХ֮žԴ˹ȥ


5 ֮
˻˻
ҶٴȻҲŭˣһڣǾ޴βٴɨҶ
βɨҶһ׼ˡڵɫӿȭ֮ӿȥһȣȭͷžβݺݵغ˹ȥ
ط뵭ɫӳ£Ҷֱ֮͹ԣһһ㣬ȭͷ֮ϣĽ֣ȭͷ֮һƷ죬ƼΪˡ
죡
ȭͷβײһ죬Ҷ˺üβҲҶһȭ֮£βɶأˣҶȭͷ䴦βһȫ˽ȥҶһ
ԼһȭβҶһϲ˸˷ܵĹâӿٴγȥȻȭͷͬһ㳯ȥ
ҶĽڽڰˣһԵС˫֮һĨ𾪣СظҵƷǿֻܸǼĽɫȴ˽屶үү˵û֮УɫĹȻء
ҶԽԽ˷ܣڵǧ֮ÿһȭھϣὫϴһȭһᣬϾѾ˺鲼Ѫ硣
ҶҲŲˣβÿһײǾ޴õһ𵴣оһڲ޸ڵİˣȻˡ
죡
һһãͻȻҶ׼һ϶һԽһȭݺݻھϣһ弱״Ҷȭͷٶͺ䣬һᣬһˡ

ڵϣҶһƨ˵ϣڴڴϢţǰβɨмΣʱûоôʹƣͬˮϮʹһ˿Ҳ᲻ˡ
ʱһԵıܵ˾ԱߣСѾڵϵľ߱׷׷˰ɣˣ˵ţСȡһƿӶžƿձ򿪣һ԰ƿ֮бӿӴǻһڵӿ˰ƿ֮С
һĻҶľ˫ۣһǾѾʧˣǵϻһ̯ѪΪղŶս
ƿߵҶԣȻٴδӶͳһɫҶϡ
ϣ˲仯һɫâӿҶڣһͬǰǰٴڿһᣬҶǰƣٴʧ
㣬ǲǷʦҶǰϸıʵ
ԣǷһĨȻҿţΨһһʮﵽƷʦĳţôɣ
ϣҶһϺ𾪡
Ȼʵ΢ǼʶһЩģȻ֪ʦʲô
ʦΪʦĶΪ֮ġǰַ˲˵սģһκθõģַڹؼʱܱģ
ǷʦԽЩķ˵֮ϣһзʦƣõǼ۸Ҳʮֹ
ЩֻǷʦıɽһǣŷʦǽ֮ϣֻҪ߶ƷϵͻԶȻֱҶûġ
ûַʦıǷʦҶҲֻһǾǰСŮʦ֮󣬻иҪԭǾǷʦǳϡ٣ĵط֪Ž˿ڵİϳһûС
ڣȻһһԡ˺öķ뵽⣬ҶЩʹַҪóȥһŶһӵİ
ղΪʲôܣƿӷŽȻҶʵ
ʲô˼Ҷһ
ǸղѽôΪʲôܣҪȥСߴܣٴʵСϣԵ쳣档
ˣҪԵȥˣҶЦЦʱҲܣǰСŮľٶʱܣĻԼԼ
ҶΣȻЦˣǰкֺܶң֪ǶĿĵģͽүү㲻һ㲻֪ݣȴҪðΣվңѰɣҽбأ
ҶҶҲЦˣǰСŮһһɰĵĶкøУ뵽ʲôҶʵˣʦǶǿΪʲô
ԣСһ죬ŤһᣬȻŵңȻ߰ƷҲǱ֮еľսģұҲûսԱս˵꣬Сˡ
ĻҶȫˣ߰Ʒǰⱦʮ꣬ʮʮ߰Ʒ뵽⣬ҶͷƤЩ飬츳ȻսҶɫЩŹˣʣȻս
ҶŹֵı飬ݺݵصҶһۣȻæתƻ⣬ˣ֮еĽ˵ӦǺܿǣôƷҲҪһҶ
ҶЩ£ǰǴδ
ûͣʵ֪ʦĵλɣ
Ҷ˵ͷǰҶֻȴûпǰϳǺδֹ
ʦ֮ΪҪӵ˲ܳΪʦǼ֮вŻһϡΪķʦŷǳ𣿡Ľ͵
˵ҵҶ۾һʦݿǱʲôŵˣΪһʦǾǰϳǵĳҪ͸Ǹʲôˡ
˵ͷӦǣ֮еĽǽɫģҲǽɫģӦǣӦǿԳΪʦģң֮ǿģû뵽ñˣ
ԣҶһϲȻüͷһ壬侲֮еĽǽɫģԼǵɫǾСתĵɫԼ
˵ֻ˲ܳΪʦΪʲôҶʵ
Ϊֻڿ֮д͵ͨ뿪ûĹά֣ɢСᣬǿڿ֮дֻҪΪƻǿһֱȥ𣿡
ԣҶһᣬȻӿָʣڵһʯͷһʱһɫʯͷ֮ϣ״Ҷһϲּϻһᣬһɫֱʯͷϡ
ָҶһᣬһᣬǽɫʯͷϡֲûɢҶӿֿϲ֮ɫȷǲԣȷǷϳΪʦġ
Ҷ˷ܵı飬ԥ£뵽ǰҶȥһĻԥСͳһݸҶСۣⱾǡƾƾһүүصĵáһѾˣҰ㣬ɱˣ𣿡˵䣬ԵЩء
ԣҶݣԥ±ӹǱᣬȻűллģҲ˵ġһһΪʦĻ
˵ͷȻүүȥ˴ص۹Ҳܴط塣үүˣʦΣõĻΪͽʹҲûϵʱɣҲģ
ĻҶЩжġзľ׼ܸүүǰСŮѰ
СۣҪסҪΪԳΪʦͺ߾Ҫ֪ԽķЧԽáҪĺܶģڴֻŶѣ֪𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ҵĿǳΪŵأȻʦְҵ󣬵δΪһǿߣǿʵܸõıĸãڷʦ̫ԶЩ
ŵӣҲãЦЦȻ̧ͷ˿ɫɫ룬ȻСͳƿһƱʣ޾Ѫ֭Һ԰աзľЩʱ棬ˣ˵꣬Ҷ˰С֣ȻС֣һһŹȿȥ
űıӰʧڹȿڣҶЦЦȻеǾ˿
зƾ֮


6 ͻ
Ȼص۷壬ҶʳãսʳãҶͷʳһ˵ĿϣЩ۵еĶ¶˺ƵЦݣеǴֻı顣
Щ¶Цݵ۵ӵ˵ͷҶ׼ȥ򷹣ʱһ
Ҷվס
ԣҶüͷһ壬Ϥµ֪鷳ˡ
Ҷת£´Լʮ꣬ķ֣ķ⣬ԶĻ۾һ۴ӣǱĹĹģϣӳźɫ
ڽڣ»иţƤΪһĸӵˣٻᱻһƤ
ԣվЦĶˡ
ˣһЩ۵¶ļɵԹޣǰˣƽʱûٰǣǶֻǸŭԣ
Ҿ˵ɣҶ˶ޣƤܷŹҶˡ
ǰи˷ƤƤ˵ҶʱôͲأ˾ǳ嶯嶯Ҫð
꣬˵ˣȻƤٲһٱӡ
ҶߵҶǰʱв֪ʱһӣɫƽҶЦҶҪֵʵŵӣѾˡȻҵĵ̣Ǿ͵ҵĹأֶӣ˵˵ô
壬ϻʲôŪʱһԵĶ޿Ҷ˵Ӷ̲ȥ
Ҷ俴˶һۣȻ£˵˵ô
ԣͻȻЦȻӻȡһŷ⣬ŷѾ˺ȻѾ˿ȡеţȻЦҶ˵иãʮꣿûˣ㿴ΣϲСŮˣҵС檣Ȼڸ޹ϸ
ͻȻµȻֹΪһ˶ȭͷѾ˹
ԼãҶɫȻȻֱӱһȭ˹ȥĸۣκ˴
죡
뵽ҶͻȻ֣⧲ҶȭͷһܵĽӴһҽУ嵹˵ϣȻѪԱ˳
Ҷû֣һ壬˲ǰеıӣȻһͻӡ
ƾҲãŪ㡭ҶɫӷĶȥ
ҶˣҴңסְүˣˣҴˡ
µĲҽ֮˶סˣû뵽ҶȻҴƤҪ֪ƤǽĹ°ܿ죬۵ӱ㲻ȥˣΪҶƽʱȴ¡
֮۵˫ֽк˷֮ɫ
Ҷ㣬ſ壬Ȼˡ£޻عȥֹҶּɵҶʵֻһŭȡ
ҶûйܶޣӴһһ޳Ƿֵȥһᣬ¾ٰ˲°ٵӣǷʴѪ۱鲼ǿֲ
Ҷ˵۸һ£˸Ҷļˣԥħǰ£ȻҴõ⣬̵ģ

֮ǲҽ˶޼⣬۵Խ˷ܣʱǣִĵĸо
Ƥƽʱûٰǣ˿ǵĹʣǾв˳ǱӼ۷ǧ۵ӣоŲϵ˶ܰƤŰ
ס֣
ʱһɫ۵߳ʳ֮У̺֮һ˿Ĵ֮˶졣
ߣҶһݣתʱҶһĨӣһһԣܵѾһϢ£ߵǰһǧϣ
ǰ˾ǵڰϳŵӵǸˣǰ˸ıˣǰ˵԰ϳǵҾ棬ĸ׺ܿѾ֮֡
ȻǱǰ˱Ϊ۵ӵģһҲûԹ޹ˣ෴ǰ˵ĸм֮飬һֱڡ֮ŬҲǰ˵ԭΪһδյǰλҲųǳЦ
֤֤ڵ˿ҶǷ
ҶǧҲһĨӣҶ츳Σ˭Ȼ֪ʲôԭҶȻһ궼ûյһ궼ûΪߣѽҶΪ۵ӡٴμҶҲЩӡ
ʱޡͨһǧǰȻָҶǧϣҪǰҶҴˣȻĹȴû뵽ˣǧҪ
޵ĵߵڰףҶüͷһ壬û˵
һԵЩ۵ŭ޾Ȼ˵ߵڰףֱ޳֮
ǧϿ˿ڵһϢ£ͻȻǧ¶һĨ֮ɫȻҶһʶҶ˹ȥƬ֮ǧ۾һ㣬ѾƷˣ
ԣҶ˵ͷȻӿһֵɫǧϣѾˣ˵仰ҶͻȻһɣǰΪ˲ǰʧƴȻǰʧˣյˣߵˣǰˡ
Ҷϵĵ⣬ǧ˫Բ·𿴵ʲô˵һ㣬һҶǰ˫ֱҶ㣬ǽɫģ˵꣬ǧ˫鲻Խ
ǧصı飬Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷǽԣӦǲʲôġ

ҶͷǧͻȻЦЦһᣬƺòףѹסеļҶļ򣬵ãܺãǳá֮вŻһҶһ֮ǿĽβ
ǧϵĻһԵĶͻȻֲõĸоһϢʱһӲͷƤܵǧǰֹȥǧϸ
ԣǧüͷһ壬俴ǰһۣȻתͷ˿Χˣǰ¾˵ǷģڣûвǣǾͱϷ򲻿ˡ
ǧϵĻпһɫҰ֪ǰⳤҪվҶˡ
һԵ۵ĸ½ǰ¶˵˳е۵ӻǰǧ϶Ҷ̬ȣ֪һŪµĻᣬԵ½ǰ¶˵˳е˻ͼӴһЩ
۵ӵĻһԵĶɫҰ׵ˣɪɪ֪Ǽˡ
һۣҶߵԣϵŷȻŽ˻
˵ĻǧɫѾ̱ڵϵĶޣû뵽û뵽ųŵӶæû˹۷壬û뵽۷ȻѾֶ˵£Ǵ
ǧǰĵҲˣҲˡ
ʱ˺ˣȥҶˣ֪ҶѾˣǸһٸӣҲǲȥҶġ
ǧһڿʼ²۷£ȫȥǿɽڿʮ֮꣬ȫţʮ֮ڣ뽣ڡ˵꣬һֱĬҶ˵ͷȻҶļһʧ˴ڡ
ǧϵĻһԵ۵Ӷʱֱ˹ȥ
Ҫţʮˡ


7 Ű
䳡
Ҷǧ˲ţȻҹ¹ʯҫ£䳡ȴ硣
ͻȻǧͣ˽ŲǰҶҶҽΪ۵ӣԹң
Ҷҡҡͷǧϣ㣬ĸ׿ѾҵԹֻԹԼҲõǧһ˳Цǧʧˣ
ҶԶǵЩųϳЦǧϵĻ棬һ궼ûΪʱЩųŵӲһĳƺţЦǧۻ軨潣һϲĻ
˵ŵ֮еЦǰǧΪҲΪų֮еЦ
ҶĻǧЦҶļ򣬵ˣǰЩ¶Ѿȥƽˡû뵽Ȼһǽߣȥŷ壬ҪָŵӵݣҪ˭˵Ƿ
ǧϣμһºŵӿˣһʵǣҲǷϲģǧ۹ǽõģǧϣҶǳ˵пĻǧȥɲñ֪Сеܣ
ԣǧһЦãã־
ŵӣַʽһųϿӣΪųŵģڶ־ŵӿˣǽյӵķʽʮǰﵽƷ˶ʸμˡ
ŵӿ˳ŵӵʵλҪ߹ǰߵģΪ˷ǳϸ񣬲ҪǿʵҪǿ츳
˵ǰߺţƾʵΪŵӵģԣڽڣǰߵĵλԶԶߵġ
ǧ룬ȻӻͳһСӣݸҶҶ־ܺãʮʯ뻤ʯԱ㾭ˡ
ǸСӣҶԥ£Ȼӹ˴ӣǧϣģҾʧˡûоܾǧϵĺ⣬ʱȷҪԴȻڵٶȣ϶ǲʮﵽƷġ
ǧЦŵ˵ͷţӵٶȶǷǳģǰҲ֪ʲô⣬ڿѾûˡúʱſ֮Уȡȡǰʮǰǰϼһ￴˭Ƿ˵䣬ǧ֮Ҳ̺һ˿ŭƢãһ뵽ЩųϵЩġ
ǰʮ𣿡Ҷ
ôû𣿡ǧЦ
ҶҡҡͷôûģĿ겻ŵӣŵӲĿ꣬ǰŵڣСеڣڼŬţһԳΪŵӵġȻȳΪŵӲʸȥμŵӵĿˣ
Ҷ£ȻǧϣСмһ£
ʲô£ǧϺ
ҶϳҴõ˵˳ԭ뿿ԼıȥҵģڣʵҪʱ䣬ֻܰǧϡ
ҶĻǧϳĬһᣬȻû´ŵ֮еǸӦӵܣҲŸҲ˵ҵľ棬ֿʼҵ⣡
𣿡
֣ǧɫ΢أҵĵӣǰŵӿ˵γΪŵӣһ£ŵŰϵĵڶʮ˵һЩųѾʼעˡ
ŰڶʮţҶɫҲ
Űǽŵʵһаŵǧǿ˵ŰǰʮǿߵʵѾеųϡǸڶ̶һ¾ŵڶʮţ츳ʵ
ģһȥϳһˣǧϵǸ𻹲ŵӣһǻһӵġǣºŵʼͨΪŵӣʱҿܾͲڹ˼ˡ
ԣҶǧϾһллǧϡҶ֪һΪŵӣųϵݶ͸ûһԼʱŵӵԴʵ϶ĸ죬ʱڰϳǿ϶޼ɵ
ҪҼɵǾֻӵиǿʵݣ仰˵ֻµʱ䣬ºܳԽĸ׵ĴΣˡ
СӣܹŰڶʮǾʹΪǿߣŬȻ˵ԼļˣԼܱܲסһ⡣ǧϳ
ǿߣ
Ҷͫһ˫ֽ֪³ƳΪ˾˾һƷƷ֮Ϊ죬˾ǿŷǳĲ࣬Ϊﵽ󣬲˵ģ־ͲǷ˾ǿܹƵģ
𣿿üӱŬ˰Ҷ˫ȭգᶨ
Ҷûб쾳ŵǧЦŵ˵ͷԼһҶΪҶ֮⣬оҶּᶨԸһ;ǿ츳⣬ҪҶԸԡ
ǧϣҹɫҶûмȥǻصԼݣȻóзľоĻǶʵ϶кܴİģϾЩĹܿǺܱ̬ġ
šзľ֮ЩĽܣҶԽԽľЩĹЧʵ̫ǿˡ
зľ֮һֽоķַȻ˿ٵȻֻһʱҲѾǿˡǿȻһʱüкܶܶ࡭
һᣬҶڰͲסһŷûѡЩѶȵķѡˡǿ
뷨ǺõģҶŷѶˣҶ٣һһĳԡ
ļ죬ΪǧϵԵʣε۷·ǳûиҶ乤Ҷʱˣÿ첻ȿоƾ
죬Ҷڷозľʱ۵Ҷ䣬۵ɫأ磬м֪ͨ㣡
ʲô£ҶʵʶǰˣȻΪĹϵǼ˱Щ۵ƽʱǳЩ۵ȴҲûʲô顣
ҶĻ۵ԥ£Ȼ磬޵ıҪˡ
ΪҶĹϵ۷˲ܶǻѹȣЩ۵ӶҶкøеģǲϣҶʲôµġ
޵ı磿Ҷüͷһ壬֪޵ıŵӣѵԷҪ鷳ɣ
۵ӵ˵ͷ磬֪ͨһ£˵޵ıѾ߰ƷǿߣҪ֪ǼΪ㱻ȥǿɽ϶ǻҪ鷳ģҪ׼
߰Ʒ𣿡Ҷ˫΢УΣȻȡʮöҵݸǰ۵ӣллǵĺ⣬һעģʮöңܾţԺҪʲôҪϢң
۷ǧӣֲÿһ춼飬˵Щ۵ŴϢЩ˳ΪĶĿǶ϶кܴİġ
ӹʮöң۵ӼģԺҪʲôϢشϢǿ϶һʱ֪ͨ㣡˵꣬˳˷䡣
۵˳䣬Ҷ˫΢У߰ƷڲƷüŬ


8 ̨
º
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ڣһɫһʯ֮ϣֳһһңʳָС֦ھʯ֮ϲǰ̣бСÿһλӶ֦һ΢Ʒ죬ļӿٶȣһʱ䣬΢Ʒͬһھʯ֮
ĳһ̣һ֦ԶһŴֶ֦ٶȼ죬֮һ΢Ʒ첻ʮ׵ľ룬֦ﵽǰ
졭
֦һҪ˺ϱĴ͸ţִڶŴ͸Ŵʱ֦ڵŴͣ
ЩмСǧ͵ʯ뻤ڼҵĵɫ壬ҵǰǿ˲֪ٱֻǿϧʮʯ뻤ˡ
ȻҶһʮʱʮʱŬ£Ʒ⽣ڵĻҲ˴Բ
ڻʲôϡĶֻҪŵӶһִֻҶ⣬ŵӻ϶ûģϾǿǿĹЩƷ׵Ľ
ǰҶҲ뷨ǱΪ۵Ӻûѡֻ꣬ľϱǿԽԽҶ⽣ƺΪô
׽Ǽ򵥵̣ãɨն㡣Ĳϰ£Щ򵥵ʽѾĲôˡղţÿһĻӳܷ΢Ʒ죬ЧǽһЩƽ׵ĽҲǲܴﵽġ
ԣҶȥ뿴׻ļģ
̧ͷ˿ɫ磬Ҷ֣һҪһǿ
ڱ͸ġзľ֮УǿǺܸӣϾֻǻǶҶսӴûָ˵ѾǷǳˡûɹһΣҪԭһʼ̫ˡ
ǰµʧܾ飬Ҷѧˡǰһڣûжڻǿоǿһڣǿ·ԼһЩرҪעĵطǿм
ǿеϸڣƬ̺Ҷھʯ֮ϣӻȡ˱ķֽƱʣȻȡ˱֭ҺѪҺһж׼úҶΪƬ̺ڵɫƱ֮УԴǿʼ
ŷƱʣҶСǷֽζţڵ˿˿ɫ˳ŷıֽ֮ϣһĵɫֽϺ󣬶ʱͬһСһ㣬Ҷ״Ҷæ÷ƱǣŰڳָ͡
֮УҶҳȫעŷƱڷֽǣţԼһӺ󣬷ֽϽһ䵭ɫĻ״ֹһӣҶգֻֽϳһ䵭ɫĻ档
ͣҶһɫһɣȻ黹ûֻ˵һһҲҪһǾע飡
עǽݵ֭ҺѪעֽϣ߼÷ԣһѵģǰ¶ʧ⡣ΪҪͬʱѪҺ֭ҺҪĵɫͬһʱ»һǶ棡
֮Уʧܣŷʧܣ
һҶŬԼ侲Ƭ֮һƿ浹һ֭ҺڷϣڽֿһƿһѪҺϣҶæתҺǿۺϡ
ҺҶɫ֮£ûʲôѶȾۺһ𣬽ţҶæձʣǣۺϵҺ尴Ż·ǣ
˵ѣΪ֮ҶҺ壬ĿƷǳϸ֮УֻҪ΢ע⣬ǲһע飬ŷʧܣ
ΪѪҺ֭Һһûͻ˲ֿһ߷ֿŷϵĻͱضᱻңʱǰһеŬ׷ˡ
ͷϣһε亹ϸ֣Ҷ۾գһ£һգۣ·߾ˡ
СԼӺҶ𽥸ֳЦݣ˷֮ɫΣֹһӣҶ͵ձʣʸ뿪ֽʱڷֽϵĻͬһ㣬ɢ΢΢ɫĻ棬ڷֱֽ
ڳɹˣڳɹˣҶҲһһƷʦˣֽϵǶ棬ҶɼĴЦ
ӱ͸Ļƾ֮УҶ֪һЩڷʦĻϢʦһҲǷ־ġһƷҲǻƷʦطʦʦɷʦʦ
һƷܳɹһַһƷֻԶڻͨǾʹﵽƷҶڳɹһǿҲһһƷʦģ
ѹеļҶʯͷϵǿ۲һᣬ¶һĨɫΪƷƷƷƷƷǿûӦƷǣв˵ƷļʺܵѵҵĵɫԵʣ
ҶӻƾĽ֮е֪ҲзƷʣͬƷʵķЧҲǲһġƷǿʹߵɵƷԼһƷľڼƷ߱ϵġ
Ʒ뼫ƷЧȻˣѶҲǼģƷķĳɹǷǳǳ͵ģû뵽ŷȻƷĪԼǾ޲žҶЩɻˡ
ԺʱҶȥ⣬˿еǿ΢ƣһĨЦݣԺԼ˽֣ʵ£ԼͻȻԼŷǿ϶öֱġ
뵽⣬ҶЦЦЩ⣬Ƭ֮󣬽ǿСպãȻ첽ȹȿȥ
ȣҶ䳡յ䳡ҶͱһµסˣסӴԼʮ߰꣬ӵ紦һССġ⡱֣ŵӵı־
ǰ¶ɱӣҶ֪ǰӦþǶ޵ı磬ʵﵽ߰ƷĶξ
Ҷ޼˶סԱһЩ۵Ӷʱҡͷ̾ΪҶ۷۵Ӳܶ޼۸Щ۵ӶҶкøеġ
ڣ޵ı׻Ҷ³ǿ֪ġ
ξҲڿҶ˸ɭɱ⣬׻ֶ¾Ȼȥǿɽˣ׾Ȼǰ۵ӣҪ֪۵һЩŵӶ֪ıܣˣ򹷻ÿˣǰڳ
ҪǶÿ궼ҪöҵģЩǮƣȥԴڣʲԴΪǰûˣöңҪԴĶڵѪ
뵽⣬ξ˫ϲģҶξıҲ۸ģ˵꣬һƶҶ˹ȥ
ξֱӶֱ֣ɱ֣ҶɫһͺȣȭͷŶξƺ˹ȥ
죡
ȭײҶξͬ
һν֣˴˸ƽ֡
ԼҶˣξһĨ죬ҶһᣬѾˣΣղֻһɵʵɣ˵ţӿ׼ٴγɱҶ
ȵȣҶǰһǰĶξͬ˸ɱ⣬ǰ֪޼Ǳǧϱȥģȥǧ鷳Լһ־ɱ֣Ҳˡ
ôģξ֪գαصҶξıȻֻһ۵ӣҲϲ۸ġڣҹ¿һǧͷҴˣȻڣҿԿǲɱ㣡
ս̨ҶֱӶξᶨ
һ㾲Աߵ۵ξ˶סˡ
۵սŵӣһ̨


9 ۶
̨˼壬Ǿսġ
κһɵĵ֮䶼ⲻжԹĲ裬Ų̄ĿľΪ˽֮ĶԹġһ֮˲ɵڵĶԹôͿԷսȻս߾粻ܸ߳սȼ
ҶԭҲ̨սǼξɱ֣֪ԷŹһԷ֣Ӯ䶼Կ
ˣԶԷŰɱӮˣòκεĺôһɱԷ˵Է鷳Ͼֻһ۵ӡֻоս̨ԷǴڹƽģɱԷ
عĶξЦָҶϺŲмЦˣʷϵһϲľȻսң̨ƾʲôƾʷϵһϲģ
ڶξĲмҶ˿⣬ڹ涨͵򾳽ߵսߵ˲ܾܾȻҪܾĻҲǿԵģԺڿ¾ͻᴫξһ۵ӵսҽӣ
֪ǼңξЦҽսģҲɱģһ̨ϵŽ˵潫ȫͷһ飬֪ϲľǷϲģΪߣȻǷϲģ
˵ˣ˵̨ϼɣҶ˶ξһۣȻת̨ȥ
ҶƵģξɱŨһϲģҪװģҶĲ·ڻսһ۵սһ

ҶԼսŵӣ̨սߣߣȥ
ʲôûɣҶԼսŵӣԴż˰ɣ
ԴűżˣȫԴżˣڸղţıȥҶ鷳û뵽ҶѾΪߣҵս޵ı磬Ѿȥ̨ˣȥɣ
ҶѾˣðߣߣҶȥ
ŵӷ塣
ʲô۵սŵӣǸʷϵһϲģûиǸʷϵһϲĲ߶𣿡
֪Ѿȥ̨ˣȥɣȥˣ۵ӾͱŪˣǺϷɾͿˣȥ֪ͨˡ
۵սŵӣ̨ǲߣȥŵô˵ġ
һᣬҶսŵӵ±ͬһ㣬Ѹٴ۷ŵӷ壬ǧ۵ŵӶϵ̨

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ܻһӣöӨʯƮҶξ̨ûʲôֶʩչΪ˹ƽڸԽԼָȻʼ˵꣬һƮһԡ
ξҶ
ҶûػߵһԱܴһԼһ壬ָͨ죬ʲôûûƷ׵ġ
彣ƽƷࡣʱξϳһѳҶģҲɱģһֽŽȫͷȻ˽ͻļһеʹ࣡ôʴȰɣ
һҶģҲʴȵģ˵꣬Ҷʯ֮е
ξɭɱ⣬ȻҲʯ֮е
ʱ̨£ĳϰٸŵӿųϵҶӣһĶԵŵӣˮξ߰ƷǸ۵Ҳ֪ľ磬Ҳ¶ξʮڱȡ׼
ҶУнˮӿųӣʮöʯҶ𣿡
ô۵ӣЦ
꣬ڲųΪߣַϲģҿ𣿡ˮмôʮöҶĶξ֮ȡ׼𣿡
кβңӴЦ۵ӼȻսξǿ϶ЩµģҲʮжŲȥ𣿡
ҶУ
ҶʮС
Ҷ۵ʤʮöʯʱһ۵ڳ
ŵһתͷһֻһʮСŮЦеؿǡСŮԼʮ꣬һϮƵ黨ȹڸѾ߹ģϸģҶüӣС죬һ˫鶯˫۲ʱתţ͸һɽ
СŮǱˣǷıصҶģû뵽ҶȻ˼Ҵˡû뵽ǰЩ˾ȻҶ֪ҶģҶ
ŵӼһСŮ΢£СŮȻС˶õ䳤ľɣми¶һĨĹâ
ЩĿ⣬һȻӶȡһߵ˽ˮǰҪǶģҪǸСӮ
ˮһǵֽʱˮ˶ʱסˣ˺һŻعԭЩʵ㣬Ƿģ
ʱŵҲ˱ֽˣǷֻЩŰǰʮǿ߲ʸȡķĿЩˡ
һǵģҶǸ۵ʤǶĲģܲϲЩˣЩ˲СۣĿ⿴ҪЩ˵ԴӮ⣡
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ԣŵһۣǰСŮԴˣȻ۵ʤҪ֪ξѾ߰Ʒ۵ҲƷսʤξ
뵽⣬һۣ¶ε̰
ˮ˸£ȻңǿԸģׯΪǶ۵䣬ô
룬ȻԣѺעɣҶܣ
ѹסеļˮ㿴кüˣһʲСְҪˣ⡭
Ȼ֪ˮʲô˼ˣüëȻִǰСͳһдԼʮŷƷģÿһŴԼʯˣˣ𣿡
Ʒ
űеķ۾ĻѾ˿ˡÿһƷǿɲʯģĻǾһǧⰡ
Σýˮ˵ˣŵӱæͷӦѵиԩͷףҪǲףҪǴİ
ҶʯʱˮͻȻ˵ûǶʯȼţҪˣһģǶŵӣƭģ
ˮĻ۵һ㶣ʯɲһСĿҪ֪һ²ʮöʯ⽭ˮǶ
Χŵ룬ˮûʯ£ΪǸ۵Ӯ𣿴Ǿܵģ
룬ȻԣǶм۰ɣҸǼšŲЩˣڻû˸ռ˵أ
ڼǧʯȼţˮּʯԩͷʱףԼԭԼ
ӦȼţʣĵһɧȻˡ
Ҳһǧʯͷ
Ұ˰٣
ǧ
˼ӼۣЦ۾Ȼæñʽ˵Ķע˵ҶӮĻãĻҲû£Щܶ࣬ԼҲ


10 
̨ϣĳһ̣˫ͬʱ˿Ŀײξֺεɭɱ⣬Ҷƽ޲ûһ˿
ξе彣¶ζЦݣ˵ҲᣬУȻҶѾߣ£ȶԷٸƷ뽣ǶԷûеģԣ׼è׽Ϸ
׳գһҶų˶ξߵξǰʱͻȻҶǵȻ˫֮УͻȻһĨһ̣Ҷҽ͵̤أĴһöڵһ㣬ֳųŶξ˹ȥ
Ҷ̤ŴԭǼӲĵذ壬ʱѾȫݣҶȫһ
Ҷճһ˲䣬̨ԭ˯ŵͻȻ˫ۣ¶һĨ졣
ҶͻȻһ̣ξɫ䣬оôľ룬ҶͻȻ񵲣ֻܿҶǰ

Ҷ˶ξǰһڳ𣬶峯ʮ
Ȼû̽ȥҶüͷһ壬û׷ȥ˿ӵǰֻ·֮£˸һ⣡
дף뵽⣬ҶһУӿ
ξһһ£˿ǰֻǲƷ߽׵״ʱѾ˽ȥ
ǿǧ֮ξɫ֪Щ͹Ҷˡ

ʯ֮䣬Ҷһ˶ξõõ۵һƬȻЩи˸˷ܵĹâôҶ۵ӣ۵ӻŵӣǵȻ˷ˣ
ξʨӲȫȻУͷԣôףξ㱻һɱˮ
һԵļŵӽͬĵ˵ͷͬʱҲһǿɶѹԼüµʯЩ̰ĵģѹһģξˣǺʵڳе
һԵССȭͷգ˸˷ܵĹâ
ҳϣЩˣҸ㣬ûˣΪҪˣξҶתϹ볤䳤һ̣Ȼ΢Ĳ
𣿡Ŷгһ΢ĲƣҶһ䣬ڵɫг֮Уɫ뽣Ҷеĳ֮϶ʱֳЩɫĹâֻЩâϸϸ鿴ֲˡ
ξҪ˰̨£ˮɫ΢ͣΣһжʤ
ξҪ÷齣һŵϸһĨЦݣ齣ǻƽ׸߼ξãǾʹܷһǸ۵ˣ
齣û뵽ξȻѧˣٺ٣Ǹ۵ˣ
ʯ㹻ˣ
֪ξѾѧὣҾ͸öĵ㣬һʯοˣ
ǰˣǵģǸξصҲ̫ˣ

һ̣ʮŵӷ·Ѿʯǰˡ
һȺ˷ܵŵӣһȻ̨ϵҶһĨǡ
̨ϣĳһ̣ξ͹ԣгҶ͵һ
齣
䣬һһҵѩ׽峤ˣҶȥٶȺܿ죬Ҷǰ
ڽﵽҶǰһʱҶˣҽ͵̤أ洫ǿͬʱгĨѩ׵Ľ˹ȥ
͡
Ϊ̫ԵʣҶ֮ԵĳһۿɼĿҷ˼Ʒ졣
ˣҶӲ̨µų˼һμ˽Բľ磬
죡
ѩ׽ײһһը죬ѩ׵Ľͬѩһ㣬˲䱻Ҷ˿ҶٶȲ˴ͳ˶ξǰȻڶξ㵵Ŀ£Ŷξżӣ
ξ˼飬ôҲû뵽ԼĽȻҶ򵥵ˣǽȻûعҶٴγǰоʶ񵲣Ȼ󳯺ˡ

У˳ײһһ
϶ξѹƣˣµ۵ȫסˣ۵ӣһԵļʮŵӶסˡ
۵ӽŵѹŴʷϵһϲ
һԵļʮŵҲ𾪣û뵽ǽȻҶһƣöٶȣԭǶξҲôڣξҪˣǾǰ˶ⲻСŮʯ
ҶһƽɫЦ˻鶯˫У˸˷ܵĹâ
̨ϣҶʵͿԽӵģ֮ûĲ죬Ǳ۾ʩչȱʵսᣬȻŹˡ
ҶԽԽ˳֣ԽԽɣξԽԽۣԽԽҶȥǼУȻǼУǼʵͷۣҶٶ𾪣ûȻ
Ǹýˣ
ŻԽԽҶ΢ƣгٶȼӿ죬չҵعơ
ҶͻȻξһţһңҶ۾Ŷξǰֱ룬ξһæ񵲣ʱҶͻȻĴΪһΪĽǶȴ˶ξִ

ƱУһѪ˳һ˲ʹʹöξҽһ峤ֶ̨£ͬʱһźĲӴ
ξˣ
Ҷڶξǰһʧ̨һҲûţȫסˡ
һĻɫҰףֹסزһѾ֪ȥˣһ̣ң
αЦֽŲãĿԵŵһۣӺ˵ɣ۹ɣ
ļʮŵӴ˿̻ͣôҲû뵽ξʩչ󻹱ܣǵڶûܽܡ
̨ϣҶ˫۾ֵӣҿԲɱ㣡
ԣξɫһϲģ뵽ʲôֵ㣬˵ɣҪʲô
ԴнңҶ
ããξæ˵ͷȻӻһһɫƬݸҶжʮöʯҲģſһҵĽңڴص۹κһطȡ
һңҶƤһ뿨Ƭ
Ҷ´뿨ƬξһĨԹĵţһٱ
ִеʯȷǶʮźҶŶξЦŵ˵ͷҶЦξһȻʱҶ˫һУгŶξ˫˫Ŵһӣ

һĲжʱֻ̨ξ˫˫űҶնϣѪͬȪһԶξ˫˫Ŵӿ˳ǾҵʹʹöξɫŤ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôξڵϣҶЪ˹غš
ҶЦһ˵ɱ㣬û˵㣬һԣҿ˯ο˵꣬Ҷϣȡһʯָڵ
ҶĻξһѪ˳ȻڵЪ˹ŭš
̨£ųϵĿڵϵĶξҡҡͷȻԸ˽ȥ
ιʯ̨£ܵ˽ˮǰС֣£һҪһǧöʯɣ
ԣʮŵɫɲǼҰס


11 ίĳ
ŵӵɫ˫΢УôǲǿС׼ң
ˮƤһű˸˼£Ȼ¶һЦݣô᲻أҲ֪ûôʯҪȥȡô
ԣˮһۣнһĨɭ亮⣬Ȼص˵ͷʾ޳ɽˮ
µóһʯôҲòģõĳҲǲġȻòǾֻһ취ˣǾǳǰСŮ
Ȼ֪ǰСŮݲһ㣬Ҳû취ˣʮöʯЩųҲòİ
һΣ˷ǳĬ뵽һȥˡ
ˮĻŵһۣûзԽˮĻСָˣЦãܺãǵǱŵһʯŶʮöŰϵһҲÿ¶һöôʯҪƭĵطȻɱ𣿡
ԣˮЦݽסû뵽ǰСŮȻ˻ǣЦŵӣôɱ˵£˵ģԸȥǿ϶ʯģ㲻ԸȥȡҲû취ˣ˵԰ɣ˵ţһۡ
ԣСŮ㲻ȥȡҲû취ˡ
Ƕŵӣѵƭʯɣ
ǣСŮȥȡɣǻḶʯģ㿴ǣƭ˵𡭡

ˣСͨ죬Сָˣããܺãû˸۸ǵţţ˵ţ̨
ߣŵӶʱһȻű׼Ҫʲô
̨ȥ̨µüͷһ壬ǰǸʱüͷĸˣСħŮô⣿
̨ԭҶ˫ۣͻȻ֣׼кȻʱȴСָԶŵӣңұӽԺŵӵκηƷ岻ṩųϵ岻ڽơֻ֮ҪǸйصģܾṩһз񣡡
Ļһ㶣ȻǹЦˮŵӶǴЦ
Ϊ˭Цˡ
ܾṩŵԷƷòǱķ˰ɣ
Цˣ

Ļʱ̨µĲܻȴɫ䣬תͷ˿ЩЦŵӣºȵ죡İ£һ㣬ŵӶߺȻ
ŵӵɫ䣬ŭųϣ֪ԷΪκȳ⡣
ܻûŵӣһֱӳ̨ϣŭûıܻ¶ЦݣԭǱôп氡
һĻ̨ŵС⡱һ֪»Щˡ
ǰⳤͻȻ̨ϣҶɫأĵ߾ǿߡ
߾Ʒ֮죬֮߾ǰܹӣǾֻ߾߾ǿ߾ȻԱѾͷ𾴣ҶԱԽӺˡ
˴ųϵ·һԼǣҸ㣬ҪǲһԺҲӭŵųϣ
ĻܻЦһȻһһӰ˲˽ˮǰʲô£ϵȫΪڣ
һĸʵ˳
ǷСħŮʮʯܻһ飬˵ñȥʱܻϳɾĻ֪Щ˴ʲô⣿ؿһۣʮöʯȥãҪɱ𣿺ãõĺܣһǣҸǣҪǲջظղǷұ֤ǽΪųŵӵĹУ
ܻĻɫҰ׵һ˿Ѫɫˮ˱˱ȭϣСŮǺηʥ
ηʥܻȵڣǸȥʯԼѣЩųϽ裬СŮЩ˵ΪԼ棬ǻǵģ
ϣʵ̫˵㣬⡭ˮ¶ɫΪѵ
Ϊϣ𣿡ܻ
ԣһǲ֪ˣ²ڷϻæʯȥ
̨ϣ걦Щŵ֮Ҷʹһ˿ůû뵽ǰСŮȻΪ˶ļʮʯ
ߣҾ׷ŹǣȻɱڣ뵽ղЩŵӣԽԽС󣬻ûб۸
ǰٴγ̨ϣŭδ̾һȻЦ㿴Ѿȥﱸʯˣ㿴ղǷǲǣ
һҲŲջҸղŵĻҸ㣬ˣ͸øʯǲѱƭصطɱڡͷҸ㣬үүˣǾˣԺųҲүүƣ
ĻܻЦݽסнЩŵȫҶʺһ飬ʮԼҲͰˣҪųϣ¼һЦݣСڣ²ųϵ°¾ͱүүˣòã
ã޺޵ҾҪүүŵ۸ң
ܻҲûˣǰ̣ĸﰡ
Լʱ󣬽ˮˡβֹЩŵӣ׳۵ųϣһҶʶǧϡ
ǧϣҶæǧһǧ϶Ҷ˵ͷȻĿ˱ϣǼСħŮġ
ųϿʱɫ΢䣬һԲ϶űЦЦȻȡһöָʮöʯ㣬óĿռ䣬ͻ㣡
˵ʮʯӶһ΢΢鴤ڵѪЩųЩŵһճģΪһζľ֣Ŷ˵Ʋˡ
һȡͷĽָȻǰСһָʱųһ⣬һᣬָݸͷ뵽ʲôǵݳȥ˻ȥеĽָҲңûɣ
Բڰյһ٣ϵı鼫ΪʣƬ֮󣬸ЦЦûûûͬʱŭ˸ǣһȥǣһöɽ䣬ֵʮҰûˡ


12 
öɽ䣬С¶һĨЦݣ뵽ʲôתͷ˿̨µЩŵӣɫʱͷҲʲôˡǸղŲ׼ʯɱڣֵӣԲѣС۲˲֪ٱ
ǣǣ԰æ˵ͷȻǣǱ£ˣ𣿡֮ԴʯΪñջظղǷ壬ǵﲻ𰡣
Ҫȥүүүүˡ԰һۣСûб۸ЩŵӾȻɱڣʲȥ
Ҫȥүү̨ӳ鴤ĵģ˶£ⲻ۸
ͻȻԲϿ˱ԵҶԲԥ£ȻߵҶԣҶЦҶȻӢ۳꣬Ȼսʤ߰ƷĶξ˲á
ҶɫЩŹ֣ǰⳤʶģзһǳȨƵĳˣǰ˻Ա˵ǽڵһϲģЦǧۻ軨ȴ
תͷһ۱ԱԽԽˡȻ֪ⳤϿ϶æȰģҶɲȥȰñĥĥ⼸ͷ˵
ǵȻҲС˭ѡʱߵҶԣԲϵ˵ͷͷȻѿ۹⻹ǲģСۿǺģЩӶǱȻӮǱˣ
Ϸ
ϳǧ⣬ųһۣнһϲԲЦǣǣţƷܰƷţţ
ǰ˵ۻ軨һʷϵһϲĽôҶʲôʱֱ˴ˣʱһԵǧϼǼǵõûΪʱ⼸ͷڣԵļ϶ҶЦȻŹ
ǧϵĻĸųϽһҶ㣬ǸҶһ궼ûΪߵҶ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ҶͷɫȻˣǵȷ˵Щų֮УҾǺģҶⱦѵĻڴﵽƷˣҲģڣǰĵһϲĿСħŮѣпСħŮջظղǷ˰
ϾˣǸСħŮȥħͷԺˡ
ͷǰ˵ҶʷϵһϲģʱĿⲻƵĿŷղŻ˵ǰͷ۹ⲻû뵽ͷǰȻ˵Ҷʷϵһϲģ֮ǿĽǷϲģľʲôЩˡ
εЦЦûǰͷۻ軨ۻ軨ǵǸ
ǧǸҲ֪ǼƽʱҲɱǼƽϹ
ǰҶʱʹﵽƷ츳϶ŵģǼۻ軨ǧͱȥˡ
ǧҶҲӣҶӣǱѣ˵ף뱦һҵģ
ǰһˣղŶᣬ
ϵȻһ۵ӵǸģǷŲΣֻǧϵǸ
ϵǸҶЩЦûе⣬֪ǰ⼸֮ԵǸΪĹϵȻڴﵽ߰ƷЩжֻһп޵ĵӡ
ҪЩʶǰۻ軨ǾֻͨǸŵʵ֤
ǧҲûС˵־ͬΪԭ⼸ϼһǾԲͷģȻǷǳһû⼸ϼһ
þգҶס֣ߵһԣǸջظղŵĻòã
ǲջظղŵĻԺͲСˣҶգգ۵ɲǱȻ֪ЩͷͻȻǸ϶ΪԵʡ
Ҷ˵ͷЦǵģΪҵԵջظղǷǿ϶飬Ժſ϶õչˡ
£ȻЦŵ˵ͷҶߵһŵųǰǼͷ¾ˣҸǣҿǿС۵ӣԺҪڸ۸ңߣߣв֮⣬Զ
ԣųжʱһæᣬԲᣬԺ˭ڶԱһ˵⣬һһݸҶСӣǻƽƷҲûУ͸ɣ
ɳһԵĲܻҲȡһ׵ݸҶףƽƷҲûУ͸ɣӦõţ
ǻʮţԸñ㾭㾭ܾҵĶ°ɣ
ǻƽ׽齣ĳҲȥɡ
һᣬڳǧ⣬ųÿ˶һҶҶԥ£Ȼȫ֪ǰ⼸λãҲ֪ǰ⼸Ϊʲôãܾǰ⼸Ͽ϶ΪģԺڽڿ϶鷳ˡ
ЩҶתͷ˿һЦеıкǺ棬汦ݣ֪ʦǰ⼸Ǿ±үүүүǵطʦʦ
ҶЩ϶¶ЦݣҶ츳˵ãҶʶӰ챦ľҶùϵǾûдģҶʱϵЦݾͿԿĳ
Ǽͷżųϵ˵ͷȻ˿ЩŵӣҪôǣЩŵӣɲ׷Ź
ʱҶҲĬˣЩųû˺£ŻῪȰЩŵȴҪɱڣҶҲ̵ģҲˡ
ԣԥ£ȻһĨɫתͷЩŵӣĲŵӣȫȥִһٱӣȻȥǿɽڿһ£֮ȫţڣȫȥ
ĻЩŵɫʱҰһٱӻãʹ죬ǿɽͿֲˣǵطǴڷ˴ĵӵĵطǸطûȨģȥҲҪѲƤ
Щŵӵı飬ҲЩ̡֪ˣǰСħŮˣȥ˷ƷǸħͷǲŵӣų϶꣬ڽڣȥǸħͷ
ߣЩ⣬׼˵ʲôҶȴæСֳȥ
Ҷ֪˵Ǽˣ⣬ǺܿЩŵӷʱʹˡںЩųϣںǧϣʵڲϣΪ£ǧܵʲô˺
Ҷűȥϼų϶ʱһǧϵǧζյСˣɶҲ˵ˣǼǷһ顣
Ҳͬĵ˵ͷ֪СħŮղҪǻ⣬ǾΪˣϾЩŵӶǽڵĵӣ̫Ļܿ𷴵ЩŵӺġ
Ҷűȥò˵ǽһ鷳


13 𾪵ı
۵Ӯŵˣǿû
ǰҶ۵һԺ˭˵۵ǵͼģ
ŵӰӾ˵Ҷ˲һҪԨڷɵģ˰ɣ
ɵƣ㵱˵𣿡

һ죬۷ĵӶҶ£۵ûиɡ
塣
ŵӵнľǧˮҿߣ룬߸ءǣ岢ѿŵġҪ壬Űǰʮ֮⣬˾ֻŹ׵㻻ȡʱ䡣
Ź׵㣬Ҫʮɽɱޣ߽ŵһЩܻȡģѶȷǳһŵӸȥӵģֻҪЩ츳׿ʵǿ˲Ÿȥ
ŵǧֻвʮˣʮ˲ŵ֮ǿһˡ
磬ǸҶΪˣһƷ߰ƷĶξʱľ֮УһŵӶǰһ۵ӳ
ŰʮΪϳҫ۵ţʮѾǿߡ
ŵӵĻüͷһ壬ǷϲѾˣʱ׾͸˵лĻҶںŷ֣ҶѾŵӣһ۵ӣʷϵһϲģûгȥԸҶΪҶֻ֣û뵽ԷѾˡ
ǵģ񻹲ŵӣҪҪ
£ȻҡҡͷӹһĨ⣬ߣȥѾΪߵķ
ȡ
Сۣöָ͸ɣ滹һЩʯˮ̶ԱߣǰӷթֽݸҶЦ
öֽ䣬ҶƤһ£ҡҡͷָ̫ˣҲҪֽ䣬ֿռ䱦Ҫ˵ĶǼٵģҶҲеߵġ
Сۣ˵ɾͲˣҶһۣһöָѣֲʲôöңûĻҲӮôණҪپܾĻɾˣ
ԣҶʹһůھܾӹ˱еĽָ뵽ʲôæӻｫǿ˳ȻݸǿƷģ͸ɣ
Ҷ½ָЦŵ˵ͷͻȻ˫Ĵģ㣬㣬˵ѾһǿƷģ
ǰҶ˵ͷ
㣬㣬㲻ƭҰɣɵؿҶһۣСۣǷǳϲƭģ
Ҷ˷ۣǲƭ㣬㿴֪ˣ
ԣӹҶеǿǶĵɫʱʱסˣ˺һ૵ôܣƷƷô
ʧһ㣬ҶôˣǺãǲã
̧ͷҶѹסеļ㣬˵ʱģ
ǰҶ˵ͷǰһʱʧ˺öأҵ϶˷࣡˵⣬ҶЩ˼
ŹֵؿҶһۣĵүүƭӣʱһŷһƷүүȻ˵ţ϶ƭңߣҲιĺӣ
ôˣǲ̫ˣ˵Ҷʵ
ԣɫԽعŹˣƬ̺ɫָҶ˵ͷ²һŷ츳һһȱһ㣡˵꣬СĪһ졣
ĻҶһͺã˱ԵķһǺϤ̽ңô
ΪѵӣҶɫʱæôӦһ
ʲôҶЩ˷ܣܳΪʦǶʵδǰ;дĺôġ
ҴүүΪͽӦүүͽܣҲҵʦܣôҶ鶯˫֮˸Ĺâ
ʦܣҶһ㶡
ôԸⰡЩ˵
ҶæҡҡͷǣΪȣʦҵȻԸġֻֻǱүүԸΪͽ𣿵ʱҪǲԸ⣬ҡǵģЩǵģҪ֪ÿһʦǼǿģʱүүöΣ
ԣϲ˵ɫһɨգЦùԸˡˣǱʦˣʦչġЩˣʱ䣬ͻ㣬⼸ȽԵķоһ£´Ҫģ𣿡
Ҷĸҡͷæͷ
Ҷͷص˵ͷɫˣˣǿȴȥУǼ飬ˡ˵걦ȥתһ̣С϶ʱЦ˿ĵ𵽱ˣǱֵģ˱ʦܣ
ӣҶܾЩԾⱦСһ󣬵ȴЩ龫֣ղſ϶ʲô
ˣҿ϶ûʲô⣡ҶЦҡҡͷȥ뱦ĹŹ֣Ŀ˱ֽϣеֽ䣬Ҷ΢ֽ䣬ǰϳǵĳһеİ
£Ҷָ֮Уָ֮еĿռʱҶ͵һָ֮еĿռƺҲ̫˵㣬Լʮɣˣڽָ֮лŴʯǳɶѵʯʮʯ
뵽ǰĻҶֱ飬ǰ˵һЩʯ棬Ϊֻмٿ飬û뵽Ȼʮ
Ƿ˰ЩʯҶҡͷЦЦβʶʲôвƴ֡
ָϣҶ˼ó˷͸ĻƽƷԼһָȫɢĺâޱȣһӣʱһ΢Ľ֮
ý
еҶһĨϲɫԭųΪŵӺȥ񽣣û뵽ȻԼһѽǻƽƷڲ֦ˡ
ٹʮǽһεŵӿˣڵʵҪΪŵӦûʲôѶȣҪǰʮǿ϶ЩұʵеĳҶ૵


14 ſ
ŵӿˣǿ˵Ǿݵһʢ䣬ص۹ݣÿһУھ⾣ݵķΧڡʱ뽣ڽЩеЩӵܡɢ޶ǰеŲҪڶ֮лǰʮѶȿ֪
ǰʮѶȴ󣬵ǺôҲеģŵĵҩȽᱻصԴԶڱˡ
츳ȻҪԴҪʹţûŴҲΪϲģ
ҶĿǰʮΪǧԼһ⣬оΪ˵õŵӣѾŰϵǿߣǿ϶ѾǵõӵģܵõӣԽ̸ʲôң
뵽ңҶһ⣬壬ҪԷ۵ġ
ѹǹɱ⣬ҶһȻ䳡׼ȥѯһǧһЩڼ¡ĵģĸڰϳǵ״
վס
ߵ䳡Ҷͱ˽סҶüͷһ壬ת˵ˣԷģʱҶһĨɭɱ⡣
סһӣüĿƮƮֻ͸һζЦݡߣվӣ˽ŵӣ
Ҷûǰӣ֪ǰ˭ǰ˾
յ䳡ŵ˶סҶʱŵӶվ˹ĿҶˡ
ҽ𡣡ҶǲƵζЦݣҶû뵽ȻΪߣԽɱ˶ξⰡ

ĻһԵЩŵһƬȻЩݵĿ
ȻŰڶʮŵʲô
Űϵǿߣ˵Ѿǿˣ찡ǿ߰ʮ찡ŰϹȻǱ̬
˵ѾһЩųϹעųϹעԺţǰ;

ΧЩŵӵĳԵ÷ǳܣϵİɫŨࡣ
ǰҶһѹסǹɱ⣬˵ˣ
ò˵Ҷ⵭ȻıǷǳĶģҲǳᣬҶӽӵĻƵģ˫΢뵽ʲôЦһҶԭǿԳΪݵģҸ׿ĸףҸ翴ãһĸȴǲ֪á
ҶЦһĻҿĸȫŮԣĸҵȫŮԼ޸ңⲻҲǳΪ𣿡
ҶĻΧŵӽƤһǰŰʮŵǿ߰Ȼ̨ϿԶ֣ҶҲ̫Щ
ɫһһƱӿ⣬ָҶһһɰɫƿżƷ쳯Ҷ˹ȥ
Ȼ̨֪⣬طܶŵӳ֣ǹߵģţɱҶҲôġϾѾǿߣҶһ۵ӡ
ƽٶȺܿ죬ԱߵŵӼǿƽֻǼ׹һ
һ̣Ҷ͸оһԼһ̣оԼ㲻ֻǿƿԷĽȻƽ̫ˣܶ뷴Ӧġ
ǿߵʵ𣿡һϢԼҶе૵
ʱǧͻȻҶԣǧһӣһɾ紵ֻ족һƽ˲ɢڿС
й涨̨⣬طöŵӳ֣𣿡ǧϿ֮ЩŭҶǾԲҶֵطġ
ǧϣ˸˼£ѹסеɱ⣬ǧϱ˱ȭԭǧϣҶҼˣֻǸѵûб˼ǰˣȻЩŭ𣬵ȴұϾʱŵӣųϹϽ
ǧһȴûдȻŵӣ츳֮ҲٮٮߣһЩųѾע£
Ȼ£ˣǧϱ˱ȭȻתȥȻʱҶ˵ˡ
ȵȡ
תҶŨŨмô
ǧüͷһ壬׼˵ʲôȴǼҶߵǰָ𣬵֪ɱңҸᣬº̨ɸң·Ǿֻ;һ·նϱǿû·ҶҲԼ·ҪԼһѣ
ҶĻԱߵЩŵŴģһ۵սŵѾŶˣڣ۵ӻҪսŰʮţҴﵽ۵Ҫ
ع󣬴Цǧ׼˵æãҴӦ㣬º̨Ͼϣʱ㲻Ҫʧ˵꣬Ц˼ƺǧֹȻż˿ȥ
ȥǧ̾һҶղ̫嶯ˣڲƷǿ֮Ĳܴĺܴ󣡡
Ҷǧϣ֪֮ضղžֱɱңǧڣ´أ´ǧϲˣֱɱңŻᴦ𣿲ģ֮Լ϶ڳֶԸңһһᣡ
ԣǧ촽˶ǻʲôû˵ֺγҪڴƷԽ죬ܣʹҶⶼܣ£ʱ̫ˣ
ĬһᣬǧҶļ򣬵Сӣԭһ빫ڿǲˡԲĻᣬڣֻŬŬԼʵԿ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷǰûʲôᣬǸСУбЩʯųĻһƴ֮ΣΪĸãΪԼ
ƴлᣬƴһᶼû
̨֮ԼԼһ·
㰲ĵϳѾȥǱҲʱȥǼҵ鷳ĸ׶ܺãЩ㣡ǧϵ
ãĸף
ʣҶǼ¶һĨ͵ЦݣĶΪˣʹڿں
ǧϣҶ첽ȥڣеҪʵ


15 
עˣעˣ۵ºսŰʮʮŵºȥ̨ۿ
۵սŰϵǿߣԴš㲻˵ǸԽɱ˶ξ۵Ӱɣ
Ȼˣĸ۵ôţƵģ
۵ţƣսŵӣսŰϵǿߣȻ⵨ȴ˲ò

һᣬҶսŵӵ¾ʹţһЩŰϵǿ߶֪ˡ
Ʒս죿֪ηһŰϵǿҶսϢ˵Ļ
ȻҲôҲһƷķ˾սģþûˣڵž۵Ӷô𣿡
Ʒս죬˼
ŷ壬壬ʱڴҶս¡һ̣ҶĴš
ȡ
ȺҶóһ͸ĻƽƷ齣ϸڵеҪʵ
齣Ƽ߼ԭΪǰʮأÿһؿɷһɣɷʮʮ뷢ң
齣ĽܣҶңǰǶξ̨ʱöԷֻѧһأҪǶѧἸأɾΣˡ
¿ҶɫԽԽأ齣ǿ˵ЩֱֲӷʮǻûʲôǷ齣ȴǿԡ顱Ҳǿýʲͬķλ
ı佣˶
뵽ʮԸַλˣҶЩܿ侲ΪҪı佣˶ǷǳѣҪĿƴﵽһǳ˵ĳ̶ȣ̶ֳȣʹһЩų϶ûܴﵽģ
һҶųշ齣֮езʽ
ΪĸףΪԼΪʵΪ磬ûʵûлȨûϣǰʵͿɱȥʲô
ϣΨʵǰڰϳǶںĸ͸
ļ죬ʳóԷ⣬Ҷÿ춼ȿ˯Ҳ˯ų͸Ļ뱦ʯȫ޼ɵ
žž
Ҷվھʯ֮ϣϻţ⣬϶һΪҶÿһλӶƷ죬Ӱ
ƷǵöӰٶȵöֽܳӰ
һ׻꣬Ҷбָ棬˫΢գϹž޲ɮ붨һ㡣Ҷ΢ݣ㣬ڼһͷƮݵĺڷ˵ʲôӣҲԵڡ
ʱҶŬǲĵɫǴӵλǣֱ֮ϵϣ˿һĺһ㣬Ҷδ߶齣ת·ת
ֹȥ˼ӣʱҶͷϣһεκ£üëʹŵ˫ۣ촽ȥ
ɽּҶ죬ƬݻƵҶջƮ£ʯ֮ϵȴɱֱվţһܡ
Լ˰ʱȻҶŵֵâ΢ķ·Ҫһ㡣
ڼžƬ̺Ҷ˫͵տտ⣬ֻҶеԶһž͵һ
齣
еһ䣬һɫһֻžһҶǰʮ״ǿҪ˺ϱĴӦϣѴ⻬羵¡һڵڵϣҳ
ڵڵϣҶԵ۵εļûûҹϰߣ齣Ҳһˣβ
ͻȻһĸоҶĵӿݽߵĸо
ԺǽҪͷȻʹ齣ˣ˿еҶɿЦ齣ǿȻǿҲֲ̫ˣڣֻһͿݽˡ
óһʯҶʯʯ֮еӿڣ˲㱻صС˽ȥͻȻҶüͷһ壬ΪСûзֵɫɶеģ
ֳˣ
뵽⣬ҶвЩţڣȻȻȥС棬Խ̽⵽С֮еģΣС·ʲôסһ㣬С
״ǹɿֻŵҶĵ׳˿æȡʮʯȻͬǰǰ㣬Щ˲䱻Сգǵɫȴǻû
磬ʲôϷСֻղҶЩѿˣѵСҪǰ
ܿ죬ҶͷԼ뷨Сһ壬ĻСǲģ˵һپ٣һСлɱȡѵ£
ĬһᣬҶóʯҪСиʲôϷ
һӹȥˣٿʯûˣСлա
ʱȥˣ˰ٿʯûˣСգյٶȸˡ
ȥʱСлգû˿ֹͣɫļ󣬶ҶҲҪСжһһʯó⼸ʱѾյǧʯˡ
ЩʧʯҶҲЩʹã͸ʮ򣬲ȻҲСյġ
ڳҶڣһʯʧȻСȴһ޵׶һöʯûСС
תۣҶִһһҹöʯˡ
ЩʯһһʧҶкüζͣܣСһҪȻ˵º̨Ƕʮŵӿˣᱻ̭
תۣȥˣʯѾһˣʱҶѾľˣݾҲˣҪСжף
ڵ磬ĳһ̣Ҷʯһ٣ڣڵĵʱҶʱ˫Բǲ˼顣


16 ʮɽ
ҶսڣͷִʱСﴫһɹɽɫǵģǽɫȫɫǰֻǵɫ
ЩɫͬƺӾһ㣬С֮зӿȻĵ֮ڣܿ죬ˣСвûнǻڲӿɫЩɫ
һ̣ҶڣȫŽɫ
Ҷ𾪵ǣЩɫȻֱ֮Уһһɣϵڽ
˴ԼһӣСвͣ
СͣҶæǿԼ·һ˶סˡֻʱŵĽɫţܵļӲУҶ˹Բˣ
ǽڵĻܹ߲㣬һûʲôʹЩˣֻҪΪߺ󣬶ỻһҶ߲ˣǾǵһ
Ȼﵽ߲㣬Ʒ뵽⣬Ҷæڵ״Ƭ̺˫˷֮ɫû뵽ҾȻֱӳΪƷ
ʱҶˣԼӷСвһ£Ȼһ£ԼֱӴӲߣƷ룿
뵽⣬ҶЩʱɵҲ֪Сп϶ʲôͨĵرǽɫʩչĽǿûеĽҿ϶ʲôûɫǿ
ĬһᣬҶڣС״Ҷվ˫Բ૵ôܣôܡ
˹Ҷѹе𾪣ٴγڵС֮УʱСĿռˣǵģˣԭСһ󣬵ǴʱСпռڣվʮ󺺶ǿԵģ
Се룬һԡصĶ棬װĽɫɽԳɿռ䣬Ҷ֪ģΪϾʹһö죬ڵСȻҲԳɿռ䣿
ʲô£
Ҷ𾪻оɻ⵽ʲô£ܣɵ֪СתԳɿռ䣬϶ǻɱ֮ġ
ãҶһȥСˡСжô죬ô죬ʱڣҪܱʱѾףС֮ԱӦǰЩʯĹ͡
ңôСҲû¶⣬ʵȥϲ²СеúСʵ
׺ҶľȻʣ뵽ʲôͷ˿ŵɫԵ壬ԥ£ҶеԼشȥ

ϣ·һ㣬ʱһ΢Ľ
ļӲҶЦЦ΢⣬Ƭ̺û뵽ɫϴˢȻôǿʱҵӦúǿԿ
뵽ҶߵһžǰǰľƤһССĸ񣬷ǳӲƽʱ۵ӿֱӷΪ̫Ӳˣ
ǰҪ˲ܺϱҶһֻսƬ̣Ҷһͺȣֶǰ˹ȥ
죡
Ҷȭͷľȭͷûһ谭û棬ĳһ̣Ҷұٴ͵һȭͷϵӿ
죡
˲ը˿ľмɽ
ҶջȭͷűԼһȭû뵽ҵѾ˴һȭ϶ǧڳǿҵǱ޶Ҫֲ
뵽ԼޣҶ˸˷ܵĹâǺܿ죬侲뵽һˣǸŰϵʮŵˡ
ȻԷû鷳֪ԷһģҾԷ鷳ҲȥҶԷ鷳ġ
ңԲܹ棡
ڵʵҪŰϵӦûЩѶȣȥʮɽ֮˰Ҷ૵ʱʵǿ࣬ǶŰЩ˵ЩģΪŰϵЩų϶ɲģ
ȥʮɽҶ˫ȭգˡΨ֮УܱĸǿǶʮŵӿˣҵѹҪǿʵС
ʮɽ˵ĽأΪ޵ĵ̣ǿ޲ȥˣ϶ȥ޻صġ
ȻָʮɽʮɽΧģЩ֮ӶѰɢޣŵӣнڵΪ࣬Ϊʮɽ
ǹȥʮɽģϾֻоսһ˲ܳΪǿߣǿǵʮɽΣճ̶ȣҲй涨ֻ߾Ʒǿ߲ǰʮɽ߽ʮɽ
涨ҶȻûԼģΪڻǲǽڵӡ
һ죬ҶǿǿƷҶ΢¡
ڶ죬Ҷͳˡ
һϵĸ·ҶʮɽıԵڱԵɢɢվСŶӣЩŶӾӶרŽʮɽɱˣڵѪһȺˡ
˿ΧЩˣҶջĿ⣬Ͷ˲ԶһƬ֣֣Ҷɫ΢أطӦþˡ֣͵ʮɽˡ
СֵܣҪȥʮɽҶ۲ʱһֿߵҶԣʵ
ҶתͷֻһֿЦֿ󺺴Լʮ꣬ŨüۣƤڣҶĿ˴ֿ󺺵ļϣڴ󺺼Ͽһ󵶣ǰѴ󵶺ܴټٽ
ڴ󺺼ͣ£Ҷ˵ͷ
Ҷͷֿ󺺴ЦСֵӦһˣȻһȥŶûȱһˣô˵ţָָԶļˡ
˳ŴָҶ˿Ǽˣԥ£Ҷǵ˵ͷʮɽһ㶼ϤЩӶһ𣬶Ϥһ£϶ûġ


17 ļֵ
Ҷͷֿ󺺹Цһ۹⣬һ۾ͿҶŵӳģҶлŽӦþǽڵӣһڵӼ룬Ȼˡ
ֿ󺺽ܵСֵܣҽӣŶӵͷģŶӼҹĸˣ룬Ǿˡ
ҶҶЦŵ˵ͷǰˬĴ󺺣ҲЩøС
ӴҶŶӣӵŶӳԱһŮָΨһŮӣСֵܣã죬߾Ʒ
˳ӵָȥŮʱҶ΢£ŮӴԼʮңЩ¶һ̶̵Ƥأز£¶һƬСɫĸǶ۶Ǻ޹˼ɵ¶˳һεƤʶȹ¶޳ȡ
ŮҼϣбһźɫ˿ȥӢˬ
Ů˵ͷҶջĿ⣬Ůһ¾ͺˣһֱǾЩòˡ
ҶƵĵ˵ͷҶûǰ¶Ŀ⣬Ҷһ˿øС
ָһԵһԼʮӣСڣ߾Ʒ۷壬ʹذףŶҪ
СڵȻϲ˵ֻǶҶ˵ͷȻǼŪеǰذס
ָһӣԶҲʹ߾Ʒ۷壬֮лΪǿߣ
ԣҶһӣһӴԼʮңòЩӢֻȴ͸һɲôεİ⣬ҶоԷʱ˫֮жһɽ䱸ɫ
Ҷһһۣ˼Ȼ˵ͷջĿ⡣ɲȥЩ߰¡
Сֵ߼ƷʱԶҶʵ
ԶĻҲҶҶ͸ʮɽʵӦò
ƷҶ˵ͷʵ
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ҶĻ˽һ㶣һԵҲЩ㵡ҶʮɽʹӦǽڵӵģڵӳҪ߾Ʒ
㲻ǽڵӣԶ㵵
ҶҡҡͷʱȷǽڵӣΪ۵ǲڽڵӷΧ֮ڵģ
ҶҡͷԶЦһǷһĨ̬˸ת䣬СӣƷʮɽǻȥɣ
һԵԥ£ҲСֵܣʮɽΣأʵȥʵЩΣˡԭҲΪҶǽڵӣû뵽Լ˸
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УʱһԵԶÿһ߾ƷȥԱֶΣһƷǣ飬Ļȥɣ
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Ҷ˵ԶɫЩѿ죬ǲһŶӣֺαذһ˵ʵ͵΢ֺڣȥֻǡֱף˿˼Ҷԡ
ԣһԵСڶĬˣԶ˵Ȼһ㣬ʱҲġ
ƳһԶȻһֱĬҶ̾һ䣬СֵܣڵʵȥʮɽΣյģҪǣǴɨսǳĶһЩңЩ٣ôҶʮɽɱޣǿ϶ǼҪǮƵģȻҲƷʵʮɽ
ԶһۣҶ˵죬ĵŮӣҶһЩøУЦŵ˵ͷԣǴɨս
ҶӦɨսһԵԶϲм֮ɫŨˣˣ𣬲û˵ʲôˣǵȷҪһɨսģиҲ
ӵ˵ͷȻǾͽȥɣֵ󣬱Զˡ˵ţͷ˹ȥ
·ϣҶţתͷ˿һֱĬҶΪҶСһˣԶһ⣬ʲôˣǷϣ
ԣҶһҡͷЦЦûϣҵлл㡣һֱ˵ŮӣҶЩøеģǸԶˣϣȻԷ߾Ʒ۷壬һҲη塣
ͺáЦЦСһЩܶ࣬ܶϣһעͻᱻ͵Ϯ
ǲɱ𣿡Ҷʵ
ҡҡͷִЩƷޣûڵֵǮǵĿһǹȵĵطǸطڤƷϸߣڵڤǵƤҲֵǮ
ʮɽһˣжջ񣿡ЩӶҶЩȤˡ
õĻǧҰɣصãһǧɥŶԭ˵ģϴʮɽɱһͷʱɥˡ˵⣬޵ҲЩȻ
ɫȻҶתƻ⣬㣬֪һŷʦķ۸𣿡ǰ֪Ƿܹ󣬵֪һŵ֡
֣ɫݣһзƷĴԼһңƷĲңƷģǻмУֻһЩ֮У۸Ļ᳴ĺõĻʮ඼ܣ
ʮ
֣ҶƤһ֪ΪʲôôƴˡѾͷô࣬ȥţǶǹͨ˳Լӵİ
ˣߣ̫Զ߽֣ǽҶԣɫص


18 
ãйԽԽҶϸΧΧ죬ֱͦΣ֦Ҷҽܲ͸磬ֻĳЩ΢ϡɴɼ⴩͸
ڼ䣬żмֻС֮϶ǷͻϮЩС߶ûʲô鷳˶ǳɵľͽˡ
ڼҶû֣ΪһֱԣһʲôͻȻϮһ˽ҶûгֵĻᣬҲΪҶڼûٱԶ
Ҷ˼ʱŵɢ޵ʵ˽ЩɢŵȣеΪŵԴнɢޣǰˣ֮УǸԶǻƽƷ⣬˶ûƷģ˸ûʲô඼ǿƴɱ
ԶļӣҶȫӣԷȻ߾ƷҶƣǱɱĶξܽԶ
ŵɢȣе
ԽߣϵС߱Խ࣬󣬲ÿʮף˾ͻᱻһЩָͻϮ
͡
еذ״ҶͷһС߶ʱ˵ϡ
һնɱСߣҶԴ˵ˣҪһֱССȻƷߣǶǺо綾ģҧУǷǳ鷳ġ
ԣҶӣЩЦվŸЩСҧЩС߹ƶҧŮӵĹģҶЩжģƼˮ꣬ǰŮȴǶչЩůůġ
죡
ʱһĴͻȻ˵ǰԶͱȵҶɱ󣬻ڣ֮һۼףҴһ˫ڵĳ
ûйҶˣڼǰķǾ޴˫ͫˣ׹硣
ǰƷߣСġ
ͻȻ֣Ϊ׵ӿɫأͬʱԶǽСڵҲæɵλã䱸סǵߡ
ҶԵҲæóĳ׼Զߡ
ӣɱߵڵٿǧңһƤһǧҿ϶УôʱһԵԶ˸̰Ĺâʵ
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䣬СڻԶ˶ʱ߳˹ȥ䵥ǵ
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˵ĿԭƷƷ޵ģΪּܽģڰƷģһߵġΪƷķʵ̫ǿˣҾȺӡ
ڳһֻ䵥İƷޣ˶ˡ
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һæӿԼ֮УȻž˹ȥ
ܿ죬ͻǹɾ磬ӽߣȻǳо飬ӲߵβҺ塣ңÿ֮һʱһļʸͻХʹ߲ò
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һһˣǾΣˣ
ԱȣҶŷֵɱƷǶţƣΪȭͷ޷ģ
У߷ʵ̫ǿˣ˸Լ߻ļ𻨣Զ˸˼£
һдʱ뷨һԵСҲǲ뷨һʼǻΪ˵ʵܽƷޣڲŷ֣˸ߵķƲˡ
Ӷ뷹ó԰ųпսļˣҶ׼ǰæʱʱͻֻԭұߵԶ߹ʱͻȻȥԶߵٶȺܿ죬գۼ˳սȦӣȻתԾʧС
޳ܣ
ԶͻȻȥ˶ʱŭɽң޵ͨ죬ĳԶһǿ͹ӣֻܷͷһһٵسȥ
ܵԶҶҡҡͷԭΪԷֻǰһ㣬û뵽ԷȻôֱ̰˶
ԶͻȻȥûһǣƣһԵСѹʱʱӣ˶ûˣΪһʣµһǱɵģ
ҶߡʱתͷҶһȻתңһȥ϶ǲߵģһߣûǣƣǳеСǱɡ
ĻҶһůʱǰŮȴǻԼ˽е׼ʱֻһ֧ʸźֱûߵ֮С
˻
ҵʹʹ˲޴ڵϰڶţڹһԵСڣ޴ĳ͵һɿһɾ޴ľ磬Żڴ˹
˲˹ɫʱҰߵٶȿ磬ǼǰȻǾ޴ԴţһѪ϶³ɫҰ׵ҧ˹

߳ҧ˹ȥһԵоЪ˹ŭţȻ󷢷Ƶĳ߳˹


19 ڵ
ʱҶһǰǺһʣǽߵ͵һʱһɫ˼˲ߵͷ
죡
ԭӲޱȵƬһ̣һľһ㣬Ҷһɫ˲ƿû뵽ףӴһΪ˵ϣҳ
һĻһԳСͣԭأ˫ĿĿѾİƷߣȻֿ˿ֽҶһʱûع
ҶȻعҶԵݵıӰһ˫Ŀ֮˸Ĺâ
ղһĻ̫ˣ
ʵ˵𺳣ҶԼҲЩ𾪣֪ĽɫϾǰǵɫʱƿƷ޵ķû뵽ȫɫȻ˿ֲһͽǰǰƷ޵߸ֳ롣
΢һ£ҶǴˡӣǲɷϵģǸղһʬߣӦûǷ齣ĹͣȻͨʽȻƿߵķ϶ôֲ
ֵܣǽڵӰɣʱСߵҶԣӿҶЦղһĻ̫ˣĸ׾ƷƲߵķǰƷȻһͽ߸ֳ룬ò˵еˡ
ҶҡҡͷҲǽڵӣʱǡǰӣûʲôøУǰ˵ƷʱǰȻûԶǰӣ䵭ԶȴǺԡ
Ҷ䵭ЩΣ֪ǰԶҶ̬ȣõҶû˺øС뵽⣬ӲɿЦЦһʵǿߵĻᣬԼŹˡ
ӿЦ̾һȻ˿ϵߣֵܣߡǰҶնɱģҶģΪǰֻҶɨսûҶŶӣԸûƽԼ뵽⣬ǻּ˼֡
Ҷ߿һۣ£ڵڵңȥɡҶڵȻȱǮ֮ҪڵǶڵ棬֮ǰɴûڵֶ
ҶĻһϲԭΪûǵķݣû뵽ҶȴֻҪڵҪ֪ڵ֮⣬ߵƤҲǼֵƵģ˵ѾһʲСջˡ
ҶһлСæȥƤˡ
Ҷûˣת죬ǰԸ˵ŮӣЩøУߵǰ񿴹һ㿴ԼҶӣЦôˣң
ջĿ⣬ҡҡͷЦû뵽ȻôǿǰҶˡ뵽ǰԼǰζҶҪ뿪Եĳ޵ӾͲЩ
ֵģÿζ㲻ҳֵģɲܹҡҶʼ磬Ц
ҶĻӸˣҶһۣǣҶˡ˵ţǳȥ뵽ʱҶпгЦǰЩί
ƺЩҶæǰ㣬ˡǰĺܸл㣬ûгЦ˼İ㵱ѵġ
Ҷı飬ɫҶһۣ뵽ǰԼеľٶһ죬ĵԼôˣȻô뷨뵽ʲôոˣһȴǰҡҡͷ
糺죬һߵģҶƤһЩ١˵ĿǰΪֹƯˣ޵ģرƤ֮ǱظƤŵĹĹĵģ·ҪƤƵġ
ĿƣҶ䵽Ǳ¶ϣΪɱ޵Եʣ켡ŮǰѩףһֽСɫȻص㣬صϸ֫ûһ˿׸⣬ƽ̹⻬˸ܵ
ЩĵزϸħģƤȹ͸һӢˬķ顣
޵ŮӣҶǰûʲô뷨Ҳûϸ۲ԷǰЩľٶ˺ܶøУУһԳΪѵˡ
۲ŷ֣ԳΪѵĺܺÿˡ
ҶԼʱЩȻ뵽ʲôתת¶һĵЦݣܺÿ𣿡
ԣĵҶʶĵ˵ͷյͷС⡱һĿ⿴죬ֻЦЦĿ
Ҷһ죬εӣ׼˵ʲôʱСҶǰӴӻͳһСָͷСİɫӵݸҶֵܣߵڵ
ӹöɫӣҶϸ˿޵ڵڵСʽɫ滹ɢһɵ
ڵһʲôãеڵҶʵ
ЦЦڵôе࣬ɵҩҲιһЩޣȻôǿǶһЩ֮ϣȻҪʦһ󷨲С
ԣҶƤһû뵽ڵȻôڵ뻳ҶʵˣʮɽɱޣʮɽĵطӦöȽ졣
ӵ˵ͷǧﷶΧڣǶԱȽϤǳⷶΧǾͲ֪ˡ棬һЩǿӶţǲҽģ޴Ѿиǿġ

֣ҶɫҲЩأ൱ǿߣսǳԽǿߵġ
ĬһᣬҶʵǻҪʱ֣ܳҶѾȥЩǿսֻǿսԼʵǿڣеҪʵ
̧ͷ˿ɫȻ֣ܳҪϢһҹ
ϢҶһôߣطϢȫ
Ҷһۣܲ͸ģϾ¹ⶼ͸ڵϹĸ·ǲΣա
ԣҶεӣһЩ¿϶ûϤģǱЩεġ
Ҷεģ޼ɵЦʱҲ㿴ˣҶȻʵǿǵһγģʵ۵ĻҶںܶ෽滹ں۵ģ


20 ߱
ڵУ鶯ţΪžĺҹһ˿˿ůĹ
֮ԣΧ̵ض
ҶһŴе֦ʱǰĻѣǰ֮УҶ˽һЩ
˶һɽǵĳУ뽣һУãüӶɱңǸһֱû˵Сڲ䵭Ϊһưͣ
ֵܣĲŵ𣿡ʱӿҶЩʵ
ӵĻһԵС춼Ҷò˵ǰҶһһĻˡʵͨɢ޻Сҵӵܹﵽġ
뵽ǰԼ˻˵ҶɨսϾЩġ
ʱǣˡҶͣе֦˵ǰǸԶԺô죿
Զ֣ɫЩѿ
һϺűĵ飬ˣǾĿĲԭΪֻǰһ㣬û뵽ô̰Ȼ´μҷһ䴩Դ
죬ҶҡͷЦЦԶˡ
ҡͷ̾һˣԺˡ
ˣЩ磬ղҪҶѾߵĹˡôأ
һԵСеذףڿ⻮˼£ҲķʽڱԶĲ
ˣҡͷ̾һҺγˣ˵ûֵڣӣԻẦȫûǲ֪ɽǵһ죬ǶԸĻȥĻǽ޷ɽˡ
ԣ촽˶ջǳĬˡɽǵĽ죬Ҫ켶ǿߣ켶ǿߣǲֿܵġ
ĬһᣬһܾôˣȻصɽǣѵȥԺ˭Ŷӡ
ԣСڽǵ˵ͷһ㶼ʾԼﶼЩͬ˵ֻҪԶȥԶԻΪɽӶĳ裬ϾӣѣӶĽɡ
ɽ밲ϳǽ𣿡ʱҶֺȻʵ
һ֪ҶΪʣЦЦȻûȥϳǣӦòԶΪʱҲʮɽɱ޵İϳӶ˵⣬ӿҶֵĪֵ԰ϳǣ
Ҷ˵ͷֿһۣ˼
Ҷû˵Ȥ˷ǳʶȤûȥ
ĬһᣬƺЩԾ˿ܣһƬžüͷһ壬룬ȻĬСڣСڣȥΧ㣬̫ˣЩԾ
ԣСڵ˵ͷȻԶ
Ҷ飬ͻȻԣԵҶĿ֮ӹһĨĹâҶ΢ݣ㣬ڼһͷƮݵĺڷ˵ʲôӣҲԵڡȻҪҶʵȻҶƷʵȴǿÿֲݡ
ҶһЩøУΪҶĿûǰԣһ·ҶЩչˣڼҶͬһսһ㵲ǰһ߷ֳʱ֪һ̣ǰһ˿ĸо
ǿ˵ġ
ܵŮӵĿ⣬Ҷƫͷ죬ôл
æջĿ⣬΢죬ǺҹҲ˿壬Ĭ˰ΣֿҶСܵܣʵǿΪʲôǰɨսǸԶμ㣬㶼أ
ԣҶЦЦ˻ǵ͵ЩãʵǿĻã֣ʮɽ֮ʵҵģҪǸߵǾˡһ۵ʹ׺ܶһûʲôʵָߵĻǸޣ۷ǵ͵ĻҲ³
һĨ죬ӶʶţЩʵŻǰʮ㣬±˲֪Լʵǰȴ˿ûЩŵϵְһõ͵
죬Щˡ
һ󣬳⣬˶ϢˡȻΧķ㣬˿ɲ˿Ĵ⣬Լء
ҹ֮һƬڣҶǰžڵɭ֮Уһ㣬ԵЩɭЩֲ
˻
ͻȻԭɭ֮УͻȻһ˻˻һʼֻмƬ̺ϰٵڹƬ̣·Ƭֶ˻˻
Ҷڵһ˻˻ʱ˹ҶҪҶԵһ˫ֱǷҶϣȻҶҡҡͷ
ɫأҶͬɫصСڣǶԼҡͷҶ֪ܶˣ΢΢˵ͷȻԭأ䡣
һʱ䣬ͬһ㡣
˻˻ûн෴ԽԽ࣬΢Ļ⣬˿ԿΧһŶ䶯ķڣЩ䶯ĶûгΧ䶯š
Щ䶯ĶҶͷƤЩ飬ЩһһŵĵȻߣǼʮҵȻ˿η壬ڣΧЩ򰡡һЩӴߡ
ҶʱԵŮô£ʣһʣЩ߻޹˼ɵĳʵȻЩ߰ΧһҹʹҲǻʮġ
ر֣жߣ֪ǿ϶٣һ뵽߰ΧҶͷƤЩ顣
Ҷ׷ʲôӼ˶׷ʲôǰǼϢΣǶûҲһ߿־һɻ
ΧԽԽ࣬಻ϵĳ˰Χѹߣһѽһѣǰ㳡ӼĵѡЩ߲ҳ򣬲Ȼ˾̵ˡ
Ҷ֣ͷ֮亹ɴ˫ۣ˻˻鲻ԽĿ־Ȼ󻯿־Ϊһ˫ʹŰҶ֡
ҶһͭƤҲǸоʹתͷһۣ˫۽գϷף΢΢תͷֿ˿Сڣ˶ˣҶüͷһ壬֪ȥ˿϶ᱻѹȷ裬ڼ˲ãһΧЩ߿϶᲻ڹ˼ɣ糱ˮ㳯ӿ
ʱǲѷɣ
侲侲
һ뵽ΧĳҶǿԼ侲֪϶ǰûģȻ˿϶ϢǰûȴǾӦԼǵЩˡ
Щߣ
뵽⣬ҶüͷŬš
ৡ
ʱЩ߲ڹ˼ķ㣬һһĳҶ˳˹


21 ҶǵĻ
ܵЩȺ˹Ҷ⣬˵ɫҰر죬ֱһ̱ҶϣСҲ࣬ȫܵû
ƽʱ˵ʣԼǿ϶Ҳ˲ģǾղһʱĳѹȣ˵ѾظҼΧȺֱˣͽ͵
ЩȺʱҶ侲ͷԣŬʲôǵЩȺȺֻмʱҶվӻͳǰߵǿڵȻԶ˹ȥ
ͬʱһУǿڵûԶڰУӿǲִеģҲ֪µĲԣζˡ
¶ˣǿڵûԶڰ֮ʱЩԭӿ˵ȺʱͣԭأȻ糱ˮ㳯ǿڵʧĵطӿȥ
ҶʱЩ£ΧȺ䶯Ǻ׳ۣ಻·޾һ㣬һһĳǿڵķӿȥ׳۵ĳ˲һʱʧ
оΧûʱҶʱһ񾭴׳۵ĳҲЩ־ġ
˶ȺΧ£˵ܹӵ߾ǿ߿϶ҲǵЪ˵ġûоԵʵ£
ͷ˿ѾεڵϵˣҶҡҡͷղȻǾ˵ıҲʵ̫һ㣬˵ŵӿ֮оҪһǿľģ˵ı̶ֳ˾ǾԲϸ
˽Ѻ볯Χ˿ûһʱٴ˵ϣŶͷϵ亹
һ;ΪҪ˵ı֣ʵ̫ˡҶбҪˣôҲǹѹľҲһ׮¡
ҶĻɫʱЩΣҶ˵ԼҲ֪ղ̫ˡȻȺֱֲܿɥʧսô˵Ϊߣʵ̫ų˵㡣
ɫΣҶҲǷǣҪ֪Ϊһߣû־֮һ;߶ԶղţǾǲ÷Ҳ÷Ļлһ˿ϣԼˣǾһ˿ᶼû˵һ;ûˣ
ҶĻӶѾͬƹ֮һûзʲôûʹڽڱΪ۵ӣõȻûзҲдδ̬ܻڡ
ҶĻСһȻҶһллΪʲôʵ˲ˡȻ츳ԴЩϵԭ־ᣬѾͷһӲܳͷذ
˵Ļرֺ󣬾͸ȷԼ⡣ǰСڣӦ˵Ӷ˶뷨ǾԴǳɾ;ŵ۹Ӣڻ뷨ĿЦ
˵ģǰҶǻͣʵľܱȵġ
쿴ҶһۣȻͷ֮ǰҲ뷨ǾŵӵĻʵҶǸղţҶھı֣õ֪֮Ĳ࣬ǲʵϵĲࡣ
ЩҶοҲҪǣֻǡҪ֪ܶ£־ǲŶʮ꣬лġ
ӿЦЦ죬ûлԵˡ
ԣҶҲ˵ˣЩһ仰ܸıģÿ˶ÿ˵·ֻҪߺԼ·Ϳˡ
ˣЩȺôʱ쿴Ҷʵ
Ҷûԥǰ˵˳ҲɻΪʲôȺΧˡ
Ҷڵȥʱüʵ㣬ڵͷڻûзŽɽ֮У
ʻСڶҶ˵ע£ҶȻЩԾǵ˵ͷ
ҶͷɫʱŹĶͷҶһۣСܵܣ֪֪ڵŷǳģͬڵܹǽģһʼΪ㽫ڵɽ֮Уû뵽ȴֻŽ
ԣҶϰӣһۣô˵ЩȺҵģ
˺ݺݵص˵ͷ
ҶЩΣ˰Լ⣬뵽⣬ҶæǸôʧõü˲㱻ȺԵõǸ
ҶǸ˷Щ˼ˡȻҶʧ󣬵ôҶȹˣҲ֮٣ҶǸǵƱ˲ɢˡ
û˽ٺ󣬼ٴγ˶ԼӶҶЩЩһҪһ̵£Ҷջ࣬ң˽顣
սв֮вͻƣҶԭ뷨ҲûҶ֪鲻ô򵥡һ˵֣Ϣʱû㣬ʹϢǿߣǽҲǲҲ̶õġ
Ϊڵ֮УһսǾԻȺ£ǿҲֻЪ˵ķݡ
ʮɽ֮ЩǾӶܽģҶļЩȻԵ޹ʵȥ
һûϵҪ뼸սǾͲˡ
ǰȺһֺ󣬼˶ûϢ󣬼΢׼£ȻǼˡ


22 ʵҶ
˴ԼʱйԽԽΪǿڵԵʣûڱеĶ͵ϮʹҶҲûзɾ裬֪Сʹ괬ʮɽñ⡣
߳ʱ˵һľĶǣʹ˶ļɵ˳ڿһˡ
ݣ
ʱƷƷոԭԵҶüͷһ壬ͬʱʧԭأǰһȭ顱һһīɫƬ
ǸѳƬ˶ɫ䣬رӣзŭͬʱļɵҪҶ㲻ҲҪˡ
˷ӦѸٵĽԼ˳䱸ΧҶҲɫȻӼ˵ӶﾭкڳԺڵ飬û뵽ôͷˡ
žž
ƻһͷ󺺴ԶʮһžԻˣһŮŮһīɫĳҲΨһһ֣Ȼǰ֧ԴŮ֮֡
Ȼ֮ҶŮұߵӣӲǱˣѵԶ
˳ɫķǳأȻʶ֧Ӷš
ߵҶԣͷӶţʮɽʵӶº֡ųйͷǿǾŽ۷ǿߣųưֻ̤ǿߣԱߵֵһֵܣܴܶҲǾƷǿߣʵСҸǿŮģкҶҲǾƷ۷壬ǿࡣ
߲ƣԶʱ֪Է϶ŹԼ߼ˣæԷϢҶΪԼֻҶͷǿ⡣
ĻҶüͷ΢壬аԼԷʵһ£ҶüͷĸˡΪ֣¸ûʤ㡣ԷΪ׵ǸйͷǿʵͷԱ߼˵ʵҪ߳ˣֻҪǰͷǿס˶սˣһᣬ˿϶ͻսܡ
սӵ˿϶ӲģӲĻ³֪ʱҶЩˡ
ҶôʱͷߵҶ˶ɴͷдˣͣһᣬȻſҶķӦֵĸŵĵӣ
ʲôŵҲǣʱԶվ˳Ҷмһɨսģͷ磬ǰˣϿ϶ߵڵƤ
ʵõڵƤɱҶˣܺ󣬱Żȥʬ©ģǵصսʱ߶ˡǵһ̯Ѫ֪˿϶˰ˡ
ǸʱĻˡ֪Ӽ˻Żȥ϶군ˡԺͱųӶ뷹ˣҵݲˣΪûĸҵҪһѵˣ
⹷յģ޵ĻŭɽңӴңָԶŭԶѵѶֽǵ鷳Ӷĳ裡
ӵĻԶɫЩѿԭȰùͷǿֱӶˡҶҲˣû뵽һʧһȻҶסһ󣬹ͷǿȻٳˣĻˡʱǸް
ӵĻͷӶŵļ˿ԶĿⶼ˱ӣӶȻôãǼȴǴδѹѣǰȴս֮ѣˣͬ
ͷǿĿԶһۣҲǰˣǶԷи׵ĸ磬һĹȥ뵽Էĸ磬ͷǿѹסеĲ죬ֱӺҶӣôϻߵڵƤСҲ˿
ǿ磬ܷȥʱԶЩˣͷǿǱʱæˣԥ£ȻҧҧֵǿܽǣԸҸƷǿۿ
ԣͷǿЩ⶯ƷҲûԥƬ̣ȻҶˣһĨ⣬ȻǲԸ⣬ǾͱҲˡ֣˵꣬һгһ󵶣ȻһȿΪ׵ӡ
ʱӶʵֳˡڹͷǿһ̣ΧһŮǷǳĬҵ˸ԵĶ֣رŮӣһͬǹֵ졣
Ҷߣ˽ûӦر죬ǰʱŻعȻԱһѾʧȥȻԱԷĹһһ
ڹͷǿʱԭվԳĬҶͻȻˡֻв֪ʱһŵĳȻͬһһ˹ͷǿ
ٶ֮죬ڳ˶ˡ
رΪǵĿĹͷǿǾǧȴû뵽ԭ۵ҶȻٶʵǰҶһȭ֧īȷ΢һ£ǵҶԶǷȫҶˣΪ϶ǰҶûгȫʹûҶ֣ǽӵҲܶ㿪
Ȼʱ֪뷨ˡ
ִټ䣬ͷǿյǰҶǱŽĳ˹ͷǿĴϣһ˲ѣҶƲֱӴӹͷǿһ
ãǿͷǿһ仰û˵ֱ꣬ӳأѪҺһء
ѾΪصĹͷǿҶٶȲ˻ڷ㶵ܴܶǰԶĿУһɫĲӰܴӴһһͷء
ҶٶȲܶǰ˹ͷǿܴܶڻعˣоٵʶĺᵵȻͬͷǿǰ㣬볤ײ˲ѣȻһͷء
ʯ䣬Ҷ߾ƷǿߣҶûмˡΪֻʣԶˡֻɱͷǿʱкҶŮӱչתûܼĴ֮УԷٶȣˡ
ŵʬ壬ȫԭأ죬߾Ʒ۷壬ȻҶĽֵûǰʵҶǿ
һϵев


23 
ҶǿߣǺʵġ֮ͻȻǿΪڹͷǿߵǰʱ͵͵ԼһƷǿƷǿɫļӳ£˲˲֪ٱ
ҹͷǿһ͵ϮɹȻʵսʤͷǿӦÿԣҪɱǾԲܵģ
һҶһɫҰף΢΢Զ׼ʱԶͻȻ˵ˣҶ㲻ɱңҸǿߣ㣬ɱң϶Źġ
Ҷа׳գʱвˣһ壬һӰԶǰԶогʶĸ񵲣һѣԶǰᴩ
𳤽ҶתִĿһۣ£ĪҪȸں󣿡
ҶĻһԵһлˣѹסе𾪣ߵҶԣ䱸š
ǿʶ
žƬ̣һ֮ͻȻԾӰӰٶȼ죬ʮɣӰҶǰ֮⡣
һŮпŮʮ߰꣬һϮɫۣشһССɫ¡
ȻᣬҶɫȴǷǳأȻûдﵽ죬ʵ϶ǰɱĹͷǿǿࡣΪٶʵ̫죬ͨӶӵеġ
ڣ
ǰǸɫ£һԵ쾪һȻҶ
ĻҶпٻŹڵһС˴ص۹Ȼ⣬󳬼󳬼ֳһŶڣһ֮ǿԪţֱǱѩٻǹڣڣڡ
ȻֻϵصСɺࡣЩҶͲ֪ˡ
Ļڵ֮һȥԴǰһҶ˵˵ͷŵƣԱλʦʦ¡ǰʦ˸ճ־ͷָ˳֣Ϊ˱ӣ˾ûгֻû뵽ʶ֮ǿȻˡ
ŵ˿ЩӦҪ֪ǰŵӼӶǿɶǰʮ㣬Ҳһ΢һ㡣ȻҲ֪Է˿ΪҶ
ǿΪǰڰҶʱ𾪲ѣ˿ĽǲûǿټˡرҶǣ˸ˡ
Է˿ҶҲûŶԷ΢΢ͷҶɢһԱ߼λҽʶĻ顣
ҶĻЩ⣬ԭΪҶǽڵӣû뵽ҶȻɢޣ˵Ҫʵˡ
ֵ֪ûȤһЦҶŵӻɢޣ˵ʵƽȶԴ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ΢΢ҡͷǸһЩ顣Ϊϻ̫ܣʵǲ֪
ҶܾҲûϣЦȻˣлһһ˵꣬˼ӣʧԶ
˵̬ҶЩ⣬ŵӦöһЩŰ裬۾ڱǿϵˣȴûа󣬾Ҳް㣬Щ⡣
ʵҶǾ̫ˡŵ඼Űģִ඼ûӵġܳΪŵӣ඼ԲˣһŵӶǷǳģ֪һ˲һ
ֵܣ㿴żô죿ʱӿ˿Χʬ壬ʵ
˿ϼʬ壬ҶЦȻѶ
ԣ˵Ц
һѹΣҶܹõ˼öֱһСɽ䣬һѻƽƷĴ󵶣ѻƽƷذףһöҡЩҶôû취ѾһƷʦ۹ҲǸűˡ
˿еɽ䣬ҶЩʧɽȲ̫ˣܱûеĺá
ɽϣҶ˿ɽ֮еѻƽֿ˿Եˣԥ£һѻƽУݸˣҲûʲôã͸ǣ
һæ˰ֵ֣ξ˵˶һɱûôҪĶ
һԵҲЩŰɣȻǺĶҲԼԭҪĶԼῴԼ
ҶЦЦЩɲǰ׸ǵģ˵Ӷɱ⣬˹Ӷǲǣ
ĵĸףȻǧϾңǧϱϾܾڰϳǣҶĸˣĻеĻĸ׵ĴɾΣˡӶǰȥϳǱĸף뷨ˡ
ӵ˵ͷһɱ⣬һЩ߰ͶĻҶֵ˼Ҫǣ
Ҷһ۵Զʬ壬ȻԶնɱǻǣ϶ǲŹǣԸĻȥϳǱĸףʱͰ꣬ô
ԣЩ⶯Ҷ˵Զһ˻ȥǿ϶ΣյģȻص۹ɷɭϣԶĸӦòڶǳ֣ǳأҲû취ɱޣϾֻˡ
뵽⣬ӿСڣСڵͷµֵܣԸίУ
˴ӦҶеݸˣȻȡһöҸˣҪܾµһҲȫǸǵģǧ˵ı꣬ǧöǰҸĸס
ԣԥ£Ȼǵ˵ͷѻƽֵѾˣǧöԭĻڰϳǴ´ˡ
½ңҶȥϳǺȥӴĸףСǱڰͺãǽ˵ΣǾдڣһٶȸ
ЦҶֵܷģûٸɣʵǳ޷ֿΣҲЩ취ģֻ֮Ҫ켶ǿߣһᱣֵܼ˰ȫ
ͺãҶ˵ͷȻһԵ졣
Ҷ죬СڷǳʶȤһԭҲ׼ȥȴǱҶסˡ


24 Сһ
ǰԸл𱬵ŮӣҶ㣬ʼƺұ־룿ʼǰŮӶ̬ȾͱˣЩ־롣֪Ϊʵԭ򣬵ôǰŮӵѣϣɢˡ
ҶĻ촽˶ϣҶıʱջûʲôڣֻ΢΢һ̾
ɷϣҶкøУҲϣҶѣҶŵӣǳǰ;ŵӣŵӶ֮Ǻʲôġ޹ֻΪڲͬײˡ
ǱӶŵӳΪѣǿ϶һǳ˷ܵ顣룬Ϊʩᡣ
ĬҶ㣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôұ־룬˵Ľ㵱ѣ
ΪʲôʵֻͨӶ
ҶЦôңҾôˣӽֿʼʱʵûǰ㿴ԶңǴάңչңһ̿ʼҾͽ㵱ˡ
֪ôǿĻҾͲˡҶһۣ¶ЦݣܸоҶ˵ĻĻ
ҶЦЦȻɫ㣬ҾǲҪʵǮܳΪѵģĳЩ뷨Ҫá
뷴ɫȴͻȻһ죬ΪҶǾ䡰ĳЩ뷨뵽һ£ԶҶΪܲܳΪѣǡ뵽ĳЩɫˡ
ɫͻȻҶЩĪԼû˵ʲôĻôǰԸˬŮӾˣ
ҶԼѹסĳЩ˵뷨ݺݵҶһۣʲô
ˣҶˡ˵һĪסˣƺѾûֿԶ룬Ҫ˵ٲҪһ
һһǿУǿݸ죬Ҷ㣬Ŷ͸㣬´ټ˵꣬ͣԶӶȥ
ҶʧıӰ찵̫ˣʮ꣬Լô뷨ҡҡͷЩĪ˼УȻͷҶĶſŽɫĻķʱ˲佩סˣһ˫鲻ԽĲ
ãæŷŽԼĻȻ̧ͷԶҶʧʧ૵Ʒǿôܡ

һ·񱼣ҶһֻĺӣïܵĴ֮вţڼҲһЩ֪ޣûг֣ΪЩƷ̫ˡҪڤȣѰЩǿڤǡ
˴ԼʱҶͣԵһŴĿԶȥֻԶɽƣ಻ϣһͷ
ͷɽҶɫأʮɽĵشһӴ޵۹Ҳ֪滹Ǽ٣ԺлᣬҪȥ˵⣬ҡҡͷԳʮǲܳΪŵӣºǲսʤСûˣȥʲô޵۹
˼Ҷӻȡһƾɵĵͼ˸ģһʮɽԵشһЩͼ滹Ӽ˱עһЩΣյش
ɨһ۵ͼҶĿǹȴ
Ǻǹȵ·ߺҶͼ׼ʱҶԭѾǰʱԭأ˫Ŀ͵ؿԶ
ֻԶ֮ͻȻһӰӰٶȼ죬Ӧ˵ǹ죬ΪӰ˸ţһʮɡһĻҶͷƤЩ飬æ˿춯
ɵľ룬ӰҶλãӰûͣǳŴһҶһʱͻȻѾʮӰͻȻͣȻһֱӳҶǰ
ҶʱסͻȻǰ⣬ֻС˿춯ֻСȻСɱ
ͻȻǰһֻģǿɰͨɫϸ֫϶̣ͷԲСβһ˦һ˦ġͷ֮һ޵Ѫӡǡ
֮ͣУ鶯˫ۿҶʱգһգǳɰ˫鶯ɰ˫ע£ҶǴҳֻǹٶȣǰסˣ߾ǿ߶ﲻİ
Ƭ̺ü԰壬ҶǰСҶᣬǷʲôöСһ˫۶ʱһʹҶҲܸܵǰСһڸˡΪʱСһı飬͸շԼܳΪʱıһ
ƺҶϷʲôöӲţԲཱུС¶顣Ҷ׼·ʱǰͻȻһĨϹûţͻĶʹҶ˲հˡ
һᣬҶæ鿴ڣڴ״ʱҶͬʧһ૵ôܣôܡ
ûǿǳɰļһˣ׼ȷ˵СеﴦղʱǷֻСеĴСϣ˷ܣȻãһֱ˷ܡ
ƺ쳣˷ܣеڲ˸ţӶֲرһ㡣
ʱҶ͵˫ۣ˫ٴοԶֻԶ֮ӳһӰӰҶ˹ԴֿհˡΪӰշУһǽշС
ܲշУҶ֪Ҫʲôʵ߾߾߾޷ģ߾֮ϵǿߣ߾
Ӱٶȼ죬˲ҶԱߣӰȫڣƣεǺһߣ׼ʱ˶ɡ
ӰûͣǳԶӶȥʱҶȴɫҰףΪǵӰƳһۣһۣʹ׹һֿ־˲Ϯȫõ㷴֮ġ

Էһ۾˲һҶĵҶͺһǿ̧ͷӰʧĵطɫᶨηڵӵĽ۲䣬ڵ裡仰ǽʦү˵һ仰Ҷ
䣬Ҷĵǹɿ־˲ʧͬʱеĳҵĲһĽ֮ȻһƬ
Ҷʱȴ˫΢ǰ˵һ仰ǽһ״̬֮Уһ״̬
Ҷ֪붨󣬲ĳѣΧҶҲ죬·һεĶڴ߶һ㡣
߷߽ڴˣͻ֪Ҷ״̬ʲô״̬ǽ״̬ΪѾûĽ⡣
ݣ
Ҷ붨ʱһƷԭʧԶĺͻȻۻأܵǿֲϢҶ״̬˹ѹǰĺ˱ǹȵĳǰ


25 
ҶнǰӰȫҶʺʮ˱飬Ȼ״̬ʲôǺʣ״̬϶ǶкôģǾΪǰ˲˹ļһõ˳״̬
ĺ볯ǰ˺һȭ
֮ףҶȴǿԷòΪںΧɢſֲϢĺЩİΧ£Ե쳣졣
Ӱ˶ӲһϢҶ¶˾֮ɫ³һʵĲͷ·èһ㡣
һӰûӰ˵ˣЩɳƣ·һ㣬Щ
˵ĻҶĸˣ촽ţƺŵĻ˵ںϺʱҶǲֳָָңҸղſһӰһȻȻͲˡ
ҶĻϵĺĬΣ˿һۻҶҡҡͷĳֽҶǼҶ⸱ģǷһ뷨
һ˾ǿߣʵǲм֣һһ˲ˣֹͷӲģеȤĥĥǰ֣ʵǲ˷
ϣϲۣǲȥɱһֻϵġ
ɣ˵˵һ䡣
ԣҶɴ⣬æ´ȻԶ񱼶ȥУҶһɫָûа־֮ɫңԼ¶ˡ
һͲʲôˣֵ÷ǳйûаη壬˿϶ῴˬģװųģöԷм֡ã¶ˡ
Ҷʧ˫̧Ϻʱͬһ㣬ӭ籩ǣһ˲䣬ɢΧ֮⣬Ǻ֮Իľͬѩһ㣬˲仯һѺˮ
ֹ˼ϢԺΪģںΧڣжض֮ɫǰ㳡ֲ
֮󣬺ջк૵ΪϢԴ˴ʧѵһץ񣿡˵⣬ת˽ڵķ򣬵ѵǽڵǿߣ˵꣬ԥ£ȻһӰŽڵķȥ

Ҷһ·񱼣˴ԼʱֱȻͣΧҵһȻĶѨѨĶһȻŴɽ֮óӸ¹ʯ
¹ʯҫ£Ҷ˶ѨĳСԼվʮˣڶѨӲݣȻӦһ޵ĶѨ
ûʲôΣգҶȻĶӣСһǺúģ
СһﲻһޣСһǹٶȾͿԿĳСһΪʲôѡЩ⣬رǻ굽ڣĳ֪
Сһú̸̸
ΣûжҶһ鿴Сһ״ʱǶʱһ鴤ֻʱеڲţ˫΢գʱĺȻСһѾ˯ˡ
Сһ⸱ģҶķζըˡСһһһǿǿߣǺһ·񱼣ˣ׷
˵һ·ǵսľ޲öȳ׾Ȼ˯ˣ
ǿ̣벻̣Ҷ˴ԼʱСһڴСڳˡ
֮ͣУСצЩ˫ۣƺҶ˯ȻݺݵصҶһۣƺСצҶݺݵץץһҺܲˬģ
Ҷ˹ֻ̫̫Իˣֱޣһʱ䣬֪˵ʲôˡ
κɢһ˫鶯˫۶ҶһһģƺڴҶ
ҶһŬʹԼ侲κ󣬿ֻɰСһССһӦö˵˵ҵڱѵҾͲƽˡǸҲȥˣˡ
ֻСһܿɰǳɰûȥСС϶ܸˣȥĻ϶ҲһüǮġҶңΪֻСһ̫ˣһˡСһþۺɢ
˫գգȲͷҲҡͷһ˳˳ĿҶ
ڰȫˣԻؼˣ𣿡СһﲻʾҶһ顣
κͦҶĻˣСԴҡҡȻԸߡ
˰СһҡͷҶһ飬ȻֻСһܿɰҶǾȥΪһָʲôʱͻǺСһסڣôôԾ
ҶСһ࣬ޣһΣյġ𣿡
գգۣҡͷҲͷ
ܻ㿾Եģ֪𣿡
˵ͷһͬģ
ؼңһ𣡡
ҡҡͷһҲ뿪ģ
ôҶЩˣ
ҶˣƺЩ£ˣ˫֮ˮڣԲཱུСί֮ɫ
⸱ģҶͷˡڸȷֻСһﲻһޡΪҪﵽ߾ŻữΣпǻۣǰСһûдﵽ߾Ȼͻˡ
ΪСһûдﵽ߾žСһﲻһޣΪûûﵽ߾ǻ۵ޣȻûޣֱֻСһ϶һޡ
Ҷ̯̯֣ô
ҶĻСһ֣¶˸ЦݣСצӳҶﴦָָԡ
Ҫס棿Ҷʵ
Сһæ˵СԴ
Ϊʲô
ƺЩѻشСצָָҶﴦȻָָԼȻСצڿвϱȻţС˷֮ɫ
Ҷ
ҶһãȻı飬СһͣڻСצȻһ䵽ҶļϣСԴ˲ҶգһǺܺõģ
Ҷһ֪̾СһˡСһǹٶǰܵĻᶼû
ˣǸǻԼѾһصСУڶһصСһҲûʲôϰ߾ͺˣ
׺ҶŪСһǼƷޣȻҶʹˡ
ҶһָͷһƷޣ
Сһҡҡͷ
Ʒޣ
Сһҡҡͷ
Ʒޣ



26 ս
һѵĽҶŪСһʵˡСһǾŽޣҶȷŸָͷʱСһŵ˵ͷСһսܵ⣬ֱǡҲ̶á
޸еǿСһûУӴƣСһҲûУ֮һ仰СһܵĿ⣬ûκսҶʲôʱСһ˸⣬ֻʣգ۾
գҶСһ޵뷨ԭҲһЩ˵ĳĳ£Ѳ˾ǿĹֻĳĳ֮޼޹س
һʼҲΪԼʲô֮õصġޡпʵصġޡû˿ս
СһƺϲСеͻһϹڡиССװĲˮĽɫ
ؽɫҶЩʹΪ˼ʯġƵǣģ޷Ƶǣ֮һֻǵģֻɰڽɫлš
ǳؽɫãҶرζ
ջΪ˲ԼܣҶȥֻڵˡ
ĬһᣬҶٴν뱻˴ϵ״̬ʧˣΣûٽ״̬
󰡣Ҷһ̾Ȼ֪״̬ʲôֱڽ״̬϶кܴĺôܿϧǺƻˡ
䣡
ʱһ죬һֻ;޴ĺɫȻԶڴ˽ȻѹƳҶײ˹
Ҷɫһ䣬ܣʶһȭųȻ˹ȥ
飡
ȭͷսӴȻҶ⣬һɾһƺߣ嵹ɶȻ顱һֱǽ֮С
ʹǳʹҶʱĸоȫͷ·Ҫɢһ㣬ͬʱҶҲңǡĲǡɫ壬һ֮£϶Ϊһ̯ࡣ
ǿѹסȫʹҶæǽԾ˳ǽǸȻٴײ˹ҶͫһɫתȭŵɫâѾǰȻ˹ȥ
飡
һ죬Ҷٴεɶһǽ֮УǸȻȴҲǱҶһĵ˼
ǿ
ұϵʹҶɫݣɫļӳ£Ȼɣǿ̫ˡƾǿҲûôǿ
ת䣬Ҷٴδǽ֮˳ǸȻûڳҲǰȻʲô
ǰһͷɫľǣɫǵңȻǰͬӤ˵𣡻ǳ;޴⣬۵ľǻǵצǿ¶
ǵצֱͬǰ㳤ɢɭĺâǰצż仮棬¶Ѻۡʮ糤΢΢ոһ㣬Щ
Ž۷ޣ
һۣҶ϶ֻǵƷף
۹ɨΧҶֻΪʲôͻȻ͵Ϯˡֻǰ䶴Ѩ˰ͻȻ޵֮Уƣ
ҶһȻ֫ʱؽڴž졣ֻŽĲˣ
˫Ŀ׹ؿҶ˫צڵϲϵţǰϵ࣬ŭɽңͷһŭХǰһˣһӰݺݵײҶ
ԼҶ˫΢Уһڵϻһۣף֣ȭһҲǻսȭ֮˸ҫ۵Ľɫâްɫ
ǳ嵽Ҷǰʱ֮ʱҶһŭȣ͵سмٷŴĻǺ˹ȥ
죡
һһǣ޻εĺݺײһ𣬾޴ʹҶ˫Ŵŵ漱ٺţڵһ׳Ĺۺصײǽ֮ϣѨʱһ
ǻǣȴֻ˺˼ѣ
ǱĵˣҶȻʹȴһϲֻǲǲǲսʤģ뵽⣬Ҷ˦˦ȭͷԶĻǣ˴ĴָһȻʳָԶĻǹ˹
أ
ȻûǻۣǻһЩ̵ģҶƵĶŭˡͷһŭһԾ˫צ֮ϣһɼƷ϶£ݺݵץҶ
ԼҶ˫һУף˫ȭ۽ǰʱһŭȣ˫ȭ͵ػӳ
죡
ײһɾʹ˫ȭ֮ϴҶһƺߣһѪ˳Ҳǵ˳ȥһ̣һУһٴҶ
ٴҶͫһѹסеѪֹܣҽ͵̤أϴʱ˳ȥȭһƷ֮ŻԴݺݵغ˹ȥ
죡
һһٴײһȻΣȴǲûٵɳȥ˫צץסҶȭͷҶԴݺݵĴ˹ȥ
Լ˫ȭסԼҶоҲһ˻ǵĸ
죡
Уһ˫צʱɿҶ˫֣Ҷһ㶣һ˲ʧ񣬻˫צǺݺݵץҶţʱҶػ嵹ɶɳ׺󣬡顱һǽ֮С
ȣ
ҶռѵվԴЩѣΣʱһ˫צ·͸ռһ㣬ٴκݺݵػǰɲǼ䣬˫צ缲һ㣬ҶǰϣԴϣӳΣ

צҶϣצڽ֮ϣҶȫϻѪۣһһ


27 ս
죡
һͷײҶĸһ죬Ҷŵ浹ɶײǽ֮ϣ¡һʯͷɢ£Ҷ
ǵȻŹҶ׼ȥҶ̽ʱѨͻȻһǺǺ𣬻ɫһ䣬û˿ԥŶѨȥ
Ǹ뿪ѨҶǴʯ˳ʱʶЩģԴԺģֻܸоʹǳʹʹԼԼţʱѾʹȥ
Ƭ֮ҶԴһЩѾʱĵһ¾ܣ
뿪ǵĶѨҶһïܵĴڴϣͷ˿Լ״Լϵ״ʱҶʱһ
ʱϵѾòѪۣЩѪ۲ݺύţϻûɵѪҺǴĿġ
Լ˰ҶЦҡҡͷȭͷɱһնɱƷߣΪƷ޿϶ҲûʲôʵƷޱƷǿ̫ˡ
дȥƷޱˡ
εսЩ⣬ȻôǿȻƷ޻࣬ǲɷϣԱͬǿ쾳ǿҲûǿ
Щϲԭ֮٣û뵽ýɫȻǿˡԺ˶ԵУҲһɱﵰ
ϵľʹҶջ˼˫΢գڽɫӿ޸Ѿ𲻿塣
ɫͬһɹůȫȥɫ֮ҶԸоϵ˿ϣȻЩɲȻܵˡһϲӿתڵ
֪һҹȥһֺʱϵҶ˫ۡʯһҹʱ䣬ϵ˿ȻûȬѾܹսˡ
һԾڵ棬Ҷչ֫ڳҶһЦʯǺã޼ɵĻӻεˣûʯԴԴϵṩû϶Ǻò˵ģ
꣡
뵽ԼϻмʯҶؽڱסݺһڣЩʯ̫ˡ
˷һᣬҶһгһѶСذףĪĶѣûжĳֻذ׵Ĵˡ
ذףҶͬһֻıһ㣬ֻǵĶѨȥôõĶ֣ɲŹ

졭
ǶѨڣһһٴδս
ǰڶԼ࣬ˣͬһ㣬צҶȥ
Ҷѧˡڸƴ漼ɡ湥ǴλֻҪץᣬеذ׾ͻڻϴ𼸵Ѫ
ǵһƣҲ˵һƣڣ;û˿ãû취սΪԵʣҶǻӡҶÿһεĻذûա
ҶҲɣżײһ£ȫͬɢһ㣬ǽɫ޸ָѾˡ
һһ˴ԼһʱʱҶֳʮצۡҲ˺ܲԻǵЩֻƤˣû˼ĸ
죡
Ҷһע⣬һͷײɣһ̣ǽ֮еҶԾ˳Ȼֳ˻ǡ
ֳƤһȻҶֲҪĴЩɵˡɵɵǿûڱĵطսѣҲԼѵģ
ֳһʱҶİӽⳡս
ҶòˣΪѾӻһգҪ֪ÿһλذģûнɫӳ֣ƲǵķҪ޸壬ӻģ
òʱ˱ܣ
Ҷӣǲû׷һ˵ϣڴţʱսҶֲҪĴ򷨣Ҳƣˡֻϣ಻ҪѨ
ȻʧˣԼʱǸٴγĶѨڣȻµһսֿʼˡ
ҶսһʱȻܣȻָٴȥһǣ졣ԽԽҶԽԽ˷ܣÿһܺȥսսɱ߼֣ûǷǳǳı
ڼҶʱҲʤ׷ʧˣǰֱͲܱ࣬սʵڴ򲻹ˣû취ǷޣֻԴȥײ
һŽһŴȻǸǲأˡ
죬սĵ죬ҶûˣǵսѾֹ࣬һһǵսҶѾռϷ磬ȫսĽࡣ
໡
Ҷڻǵıϣ˫ȽŻǵߣ˸ŵȭͷŻԴͺ䡣ȭȭ⣬Ѩ֮˻ǵİ
Ϊ˰ҶڵϴҶȥײǽڣǽڱײӣҶǲ֣һлͳǵԴһȭ
һһǱȵľ˭ȼֲס
˴ԼһʱѨͻȻһһǶ˵ϣҶкҲкһһһɵľţ˭ҲûгȥΪ˭Ҳûˡ
ǿҶĿļɵǰ޻£ʱܵ뷨Ҷ˸˷֮ɫΪڲʹ¾ͽֻƷ޸ſˡȻ˽ʮʱ䣬Ҳſµġ
ʱҶʱѾָ˴룬Ҷ¶˾֮ɫҲջûгɹ
Ҷǣ˦˦ȭͷŻǣٺٵļЦ˼ڵƤʱˡ
ʱһϹ֣ҶǰСצָָڵϵĻǣȻҶæҡСԴ
ҶһʵҪҷŹ
æ˵СԴ
ЦڵֵǮƤҲֵǮôܷŹأ
ҶĻСһҶǰСצҶıӣ¶ı顣
СһһףҶͷˣ˿ڵϵĻǣǵģʱҶһΪȻ΢Ĳ˫ĿԵη塣
ֻСһ
Ҷʱ뷨˿ǣȻֿ˿Ҷ㣿
գգۣȻǣ۾գգȻһ˸䵽˻ǵͷϣԼͷϣˣͷȫ˵֮ϣǫľһūš
СצĻǵԴĵ˵СԴȻԻǵ̬ȣǳ⡣
һ̣СצһӣȻҶ㵵Ŀ£ǻһϹû֮Уһ̣Ҷľ


28 
عҶæ鿴Լڣ룬ֻԭһϢĻеںĴΧһ󣬾ͬսʱһ¶˼˷ܵģȻеڲϷš
һ󣬻Ƿһֲˣ˼ĺһһ۾ˡǲûСһ嵽ȥϴ裬Աǻţȥƺڼɵʲô
Ҷ˫ۣǰò˵̫ˡû뵽СһȻԽͽеڣֻǽ󣬻ֵ÷ǳˣǳǳɻ
СһΪʲôУСһΪʲôܼͽڣΪʲôηСһﵽǸʲôΪʲô˵棿
һϵеʳҶУעò𰸡
ΪʳЩСһɻСԴҡͷʾҲΪʲôֻʲô
Ҷ˼׷ʣȻָָԼλãԺܰҴ𣿡СһûսԽܣΪСһܿɰȣֻܣǲֻڰ׳԰ס
գգۣȻ˵СԴ
СһͷҶЦˣЦЩ⣬ŽްһֻŽ޵Ĵ֣붼˷ܰ
˷ܹҶСһСԴĵ˵ͷСһķǳãֻǾСܣҪúùܽ𣿡ɵǶе⣬ǶСһȴûУһη壬̵ֻܽСһ
գգۣȻ˵СԴ
˷ϲ¾ˬ뿪ѨҶһֱŲõЦݣѾһΰļƻеôװٸӦò⣬аƷޣʱǿҲܸſ£
ҶԽԽ˷ܣԽԽ·ֱһӣһѵֳˡ
ͻȻҶϵЦݽסһ̣ٶһïܵĲݴ֮УͬʱæԼһ
ݣ
ʱ͸ܲݷ϶ҶһɫӰӴԶٴӰٶһ㣬֮ϣһ˿ûӼ£ҶĲԶʮɾ롣
Ҷֱ飬нȫҶʺһ飬ĲãǳԼԼС壬Щڣ
ӰһϮۣغûڼܣһһ·ѪɵѪгںӰУѪм죬еѪζʮ֮Ҷŵ
ʱԶһӰŮòҶ͵һ¡ŮһϮ°ȹüۣѩӣ覵վӨһɫľ޽֮ϣȹƮƮǾ֮ϵӰʥ߹󣬲һ˿̻Ϣ·˿һҲ
Ůٶȼ죬ǺӰҪ켸֣գۼ䣬˺ӰԶһ֮ϣɫбָˣڽ֮ϣ֡
Ưǿ
ŮˣҶ˹ܹʵٵ߾Ȼʱв˵ʵĵǲҪսս˵ʵֻҪһನ͹Ϻüʮˣ
ӣ㵱겻ư׷ҼˡĻΪ㲻ɣӰŮӣ˻ƵӰﻮʯͷһ㣬ļ̶
Ѫ֣αضԣڼȻҽɱˣǾӦ뵽ûˣӵŮ
ڣڣҶһݣǰŮӾȻǽڵˣҲԣܹУǽϻɢĽɲǽڵ
ӣѪһЦȻ˫ĿҶصĵط˹ȥ˿ԼҶ⣬׼ʱһѪâѾǰһҽУҶվٴȥ
ΪѪ֣˾߶ϷŹѪֳֻɱһ˾ߣŮɫˡ
ŹѪЦһҾһսʱҿɲʲô˵꣬ѪгŰŮ͵һһʮɳѪâֶݺݵ֮ϵŮӣѪâ·ѪɣһǵصѪζѪâ
ѪâŮ治ɫۿҪǰʱŮȵһƮʱʧԭ˵棬еĳһݺݵĴѪ֡顱һڰŮѪâһž֮ϣ˲ֳ룬ľм衣
գۼ䣬ŮгǱƵѪǰѪһҽ͵̤أһԾ˫еѪдһɼƷŮӺ¡
ѪŮ˫΢Убϡ

˺޻εײһײĽײһ̣ŮеĳͻȻ뽣ѪֵĲиȥ
ϮѪɫһ䣬ڽΣ˷
ڽ֮ʱѪϱӿѪâѪâһѪ֣ż죬ǼûѪһ鷳ȫɢѪâɵĶȴ˲仯ѪâŮ沿Ϯȥ
ѪâϮŮü΢嶸Ȼͬ۶һһתȻĺͬʱ֮ϼ뽣ѪֵȫҪȥ
ųԼǼѪƤһһѪǰҽ棬ȥں˹УѪвϷת

Ȼڵ½Ѫȴɫһ䣬ֻһһѳ뼸š
ѪֲҴ⣬ҽٴ̤أͬڵһȥŮӲûͣ£ѪֺУһӰгһĽѪ̶ֱȥ
ڴеҶ˽սҶ𾪡ȻûΪڸղѪâϮʱǿһŤʹԭеѪâشȻشг˸ǲ
ܣܣȻ˴ķǳңҪɱֱ׾٣ԭأۿ˵Ĵս
˵Ľ֣Ҷ𺳲ѡرŮӵĽÿһĴ̳Ǵ𼸵ǽǺӰ˼鷳ţս
Ȼһ򷨣
뽣Ѫ¶һĨеѪкȻһŭȣѪ϶£͵ĳǰһʱһǰѪâѪж˼Ѫâ֮¶һĹ֡
䣡
Ѫâݺݵײһ𣬶ʱһƾճУ˷ٵɢ֮ݻľ٣һƬǽ塣
ȣ
ʱ֮Уһֻʮ֮мʮβӣ˺ѿһ㣬֮һƷ졣
ʮݴеҶͫһŮӾȻ齣߲㣬÷齣ʽ̫̫ǿˣ
ʮԼѪҲޱȣǰһ̽һգʱִһѪâѪâգۼһźѪܣѪܺǰ
䣡
ʮһһײ˾޶֮ϣڽĳ£Ѫֵ屻زϺˣÿһײǺɫ޶֮ϣ޶ܱǵ֡
䣡
ھŵײ޶ʱ޶ܶʱϡ͸һ㡣
䣡
ʮײϾ޶ʱ޶ܶʱɢ¶˺һֵѪ֣
ͣ
һһ㣬ѪǰᴩһѪѪֵı󣬰Ůӽס弱תһ̴Ѫֺ󱳡ʱѪֵǰѪסضĽ⣬Ѫ˲Ⱦ˳


29 
Ѫ⣡
ͻȻѪֵŭֻѪŽдһʺѪҺ˲մѪѪȾɺѪѪ˳ųӣգۼ䣬Գ͸ӵŮӵڡ
ͬʱѪҽ͵̤أǰһԾǴһѪֻǺڵġ
źѪûڣгȻ˺ɫһ˿ԣŮͬϣǰǰ㵭Ȼ¶һ˿أ̧ͷŶѪ֣Ȼʹͨµ侳磬޷𣿡
ŮӵĻƺ˵ѪֵʹѪֲ԰׵ϲ侳磿ҲȶĺãӣǲǸоڻʧڹƬ̣ͻΪһûķˣʱһȡƺڼѪǰɺѪ
ѪֵĻҶüͷһ壬ãѪҪʤˣѪֵĺ̶ʮа˾ŻЪˡǴʱҲûа취ȻѪֿѾˣ϶Ҳܿģ
ҶһһԵİŮӣʱҲֻϣŮʲôˡ
ʧŮü΢ԶѪ֣һ˿һǱɫʧСȻֳƣָСָĴָѹڶָ֮ϣʳָָ£ֱɽָָѪһʱһָ⴦

ŮǿжѪƤһһ㣬ܿ˽ŭȵмž֡ʱҲǿ֮ĩٱŮӽУľˡ
ŮûѪ֣ǽż棬εضͬһѪ֣ڿУָӣÿһλӶһһ·УѾʮ콣һ㣬飡
ڲݴ֮еҶ糱ˮ㷭ţ⣬⽣̫ǿˣԱȷ齣Ҫ߳࣡ŮڽڵĵλԲͣпʲôϼġ
˶ĽѪƤһоޱȡҲһ˿ǰѪǰһգѪâ˲һźɫܣϹɫܣǰͬȪһ㣬Ѫֱ
ȻǰѪѪֲûֹ֪ͣŮһιܳסŲʤߣܣǽԶԣҲҪͦסⲨ
顭
֮ϣɭһڶըʱŮҲ˵֮ϣ˫Ķס뽣ը촦ԷŹû³֪ˣ

Ƭ̺ʧ洫Ѫ޼ɵĴЦźɫܵĳʧ¶԰׵Ѫ֣ʱѪȻϲ԰ףȴǴһ˿Ц⣬ǽٺЦ
ѪûŮ˿¶һĨɬ˫ۻϣһǱɫУȻûԸ
ǲǺʧˮӣҲɱ˽ڼŵ׷ҹأҲҪҪʬڵ۶ǰ㽣ɨأȡ
ѪѪУŮӣʱޱȵ⣬ǰŮ׷ɱҹѻԹʱʤգһԵĽǹԹй˳
ѪֵĻŮû˿Ӧƽޱȣͺûһ㣡
ŮӲûΪԼĻ־壬ѪֶʱоȤԭŮӾ֣η壬ĵģʧˣǰŮֹˮΪľ磡
ˣ
һͺȣѪֳŮӣûѪУһŮӵĸȻϵŮӵĵ
ѪֽϴƷŮ͵˫ۣһףеǱɫһ⼤ͬʱ˫ֵӣǰǰ͵һƣסѪһš
Ѫû뵽Ůӻйһʱ⣬ٴδѪֵǰŮҲһ֮µɶɳ׺ص˵ϡ
ѪǰҶһϲȻɫЦݻδչˡΪǱ̴Ѫֲûе£ǻڵϣȡһöһףպ˲Ȼʧա

öҶɫһ䣬˼壬ģѪõһƷƷԴͰ˰ľ룬Ҳ˵Χ˰ķΧڣѪֻͬ
ҶϣȡһƷǿԼϣȻóذףҽ͵̤أͬһöڵһԶڵϵѪ֣Ѫֻɵľʱذ׶Ѫ͵һ
齣
һɫĽҶذ׶˶ѪּȥһҶû֣ͣɫĽ
Сң
ͻȻѪ־ǰһգһЩѪֶѪܸճ֣ѪֱһѪ
飡
һѪ֮ϣѪ΢΢һѪܺѪһѪڶѪʱԭѪܡ顱һɢڿС
ѪɢѪͫ״ôҲû뵽ǰ˾ķȻƿѪܣȻѾǿ֮ĩǰֻǷ˾˾
ͣ
ɫѪѾǧٿ׵ǰ͸һĲҽУѪֵɶѪֵʱһӰǰذ׶ѪֵԴ˹ȥ
ذѪֲǰƣȭ͵غҶذס
ͣ
ҶǷŽذͬвһжѪֵ֣ȻٶȲѪֵĲӡ
ôɡ
Ѫ˫Բǲ˼飬һֻδ˵꣬һͷǴһɺɫѪҺ˿С
ҶɲȥһʲôһȥѪֵԴҶæѪŵǰѪѪϴöָȻܵڵϵİŮǰ
нڵӣŮӿҶЩ𾪡ҶӳսҲΪЩ𾪡ΪҶȻǴ˵еһѪֵѪܣȻʱѪֵѪûƽʱʮ֮һǿҲǷ˾ܻİ
ҶûлشŮӵĻѪָղõǴڿ϶İָڻܲ
ԣŮһҡҡͷܣѪַ֮ͨеһнһΪֻлصҲܡ
ˣҶŮӵĻȻڰŮӾ㵵Ŀ£ŮӱɣԶȥ
ɲҽŮһѪֵİ˺Ů˵Ѫɱɾ͵ˡȻǰŮӲˣҶҶġȻҲһŮӣʵ
˲ңҲˣҶ˵ԭѪֲֶԸǰֱ·ðΣȥɱ
ھŮӣ˵Ůӳ⣬ΪŮǽڵģһѱȶһҪãһӣ˵ûʲô


30 
ҶŮ뿪ʱһͷ˳ѪֵʬԡͷдԼʮ꣬û·ǳͷŸֹķģЩͬһ㣬Ȼڻ䶯ţǹ죡
дΧſһûͷ­Ѫʬ壬Ѫֵʬ壬ҡҡͷϸһĨأѪ˵Է˺Ѫ⣬ΪѪֲѵֽǿߣ
˵⣬ߵѪֵǰѪǰǼһʱһӦӵĽԱǸϸСĽӦòӵġϸСĽгĬһֵ鸡ɢң֮Ӧֻ켶ʵ
˵⣬˲ˡѪֲӵϣӦͻȻֵһ켶С뵽⣬һӣһУѪظкѪ⣬ΪʧһᣬѪɷѪǰִ½أ쾳ʱе£ڤԼϻԨŻؽڣȻڼƻб䣡
˵꣬һһӰԶӶȥ

ïܵɭ֮УҶŰŮӼٿ񱼣ȻŮͬһ񣬵Ҷû˼Щֻôܻ
ɱ˹ڵˣŶԷŹѪֵʵֿ϶Ҳʲôʹʲô϶ҲܿġڣѪҪɱΪʲôɱѪ֣
ҸܵǿѲǣʱϴŮӵ
ָʵˣҶһϲŮĵľŮָܻʵҲа֣ϾôŮӦѾʲôطаˡ
ûУŮӵѪͨѪָʩչģû˰Ҹָܻܸ֮ܵΪҵʶʵȻ⣬ʶģ
ŮӵĻҶжʱһȻֵаû
û
ΪʲôҶԵڵϣԭΪԷѾ˰֣ȻЩţھ֣ڡ
ȫΪ⣬ʩչط֪ͨڣ
ԣҶæôǸѪֲ𣿡
ûУ
ҶˣȻͣסȻһȥ
Ҷ˵ŮӵǲǺڴˣ
е㣡Ҷʵ
ҷһЩᣡ
ԣҶЩĶҡҡͷŮӶһŮӲŮӵʵԼڽڵĵλǾˡҲŹڵ˻ŹϾɱ˶Էһλ͵ˡ
ǲŹҵģң鷳ϣ
ҶЦЦҽɱ֮ǲǾˣ鷳
ŮӵȻѪֵİʲô磬ǶԷҪѪֲӦû̫ѡΪʧܵԶڻѾ֪ڴӣԹڵĺֶΣǲŹģ
ǲ͵ˣҶЦЦǼȻŹңûʲô𡣶ߣҸо̤ʵһЩ˵ĻŮӵʵۼģǴ⣬Ѫֵ©ôһǿߣתأôˣ
ŮӳĬΣΪʲô֮ܣҪı䷽Ӧֻ֪лصڣлĻᣡ
Ѫֵİ֣뵽ʲô
ŮӳĬˣѪֵİ֣϶½Լ˻ؽڵ·뵽⣬ŮӵͷҶһۣ¶һĨͣᣬǴ˵еʵǻҲ˵ãȫ꣬ܽưư񣬽ڿǺüʮûȥ˰
ҶʱǶϣСһСһٶȣʲӹڵ׷ɱ
񱼽ʱҶЩˣŰŮһïܵĴ֮С
ŮžҶЩļǿѹסĸоûĿĵܲһ취ʱһãǿ϶ᱻץûʲôõİ취
ûУŮӵĻֱӡ
Ҷһ飬㱻Ů仰ѪУʵôǿѵûʲô취˵뷨𣿡
ŮӵĿҶһۣһؽڣȻڴǣ뵽ľ
ҶˣҲؽڰܻڻؽڵ·Ͽ϶иڶɽˣȥ˾
Ϊڽû֣Ů¶һĨȤ
۵ӡҶеʯеŮӵʻڵ
۵ӣŮü΢ôܣ㾳ͣʵȴǲ֮ͣеĽôһ۵ӣ
۵ӺܹҪȥð𣿡ҶûǰŮʱˣȻ߰⣬ѵͲ֪һüţ׷ɱ
ŮӳĬΣ뵽ʲô˪ǽųϴѹ㣬ģܻȥһԳ£ҴѹκǱţ˭ҾŹ
ҶһŮڽڵλ϶Ͱ׼ʶԷʲôʱŮͻȻŤͷԶ쾳ǿߴ߹ǹڵģֹһ
ԣҶվû˿ԥŮӱȻԾ£ԶӶȥ
УҶʵдܲô֪ͨǿߣ
ŮһܣٵƷУ
ʱûУ
Ůӣ


31 
ҶŮӸ뿪һᣬشӡͷӱǳǿŴ¡
һȽϸߵ˫΢գƬ̺˫ۣ˵ζǸһܵӿ϶Ŵ
ԣ󰫸¶һĨĹâӣ˵òף˺Ѫ⣬Ҳ˵ûʵ
üͷһ壬ӣ˼ּǿߣǱӡסΪ϶ҲʲôֶεġյǼ̻ɱҪ㲻ڹ𣿡
ڹ棬кӵɫһ䣬ڨЦЦҾǿЦЦߣǼѲ
һȻҶܵķȥ

ããʮɽ׷ɱ⣬ֲޣرԽǰֲֿ޾Խ࣬ǰŮǿʶѾ޿еĹͷʣˣ
һصɽڣҶŮӷһԣȻȡ͸ƷϣҲ˼Ůӣֱ
Ҷ֪Ŀĵļȥñ׷ɱЩ޶ԽˡֻȻŮӽ֣Ȼʮ
ҶŷƱڿհֽϿ̻ţŮ۾һߵҶǰǽɫֽͬһŤţŮһʶʵǷʦ
ŮӵĻҶһһᣬȻŷϵŤһţˡ
̧ͷŮӣҶû㲻֪Ʒܴ𣿡˵꣬ȡһſհ׷ֽ¿ʼ軭
ҶǽָĻŮӲûȤԽŨңˮӶǿհ׷ֽ˽ĹۿƷֻɲࡣ
ҶСŷƱֽϲϹţҳСģڶŷʧˡ
δЩţڼһ뵽öǿ׷ɱľƽ
ŷʧܣŮ΢ʧһţҶҪԼƽȻ㲻㹻ʱ䣬̫Ϊ׷ǵЩƺ׷˷򣬳һ׷ȥˣ
ŮӵĻҶһɣȻ˵ͷκ󣬵оԼƽűʻڿհ׷ֽϡ
ԼʱҶһգһƨڵϣڴţŷ治ûóɹˣ
ŷͼŮһĨϲɫƷʺŮźε𾪣ȻƷȻǷʦҲ֪Ʒʲô
ѵǰǵطʦ
Ůҡҡͷȥ⣬ʯͷϵŷһףڼɢкתͷҶܰɣȻˣ
ʲʲôҶ⡣
ǿֻвʮľ룬һԸٳ
㲻˵ǳĵطȥˣ
ƭġ
Ҷ˷ʱ䣬ŮӴܳڣȻŶϻԨķȥ
ڵĸִŶʱܵҶʵ
һʱң
ԣҶһãһʱĻӦûֵܼģŮһ仰ɵǿֻŮӵи߾ǿ߳߸ʵǸѪ֡
ҶĶʱ˰أѪ֣ʲôǾʹ˼ҪɱֻҪָһͿˡ
ô죿Ǵ򲻹ˣͶԼԸ⣬˼Ըֻʣһ·Ǿܣƴܣ
ȥϻɽĶϻԨŮӳ
Ҷûԥչȫ٣Ŷϻɽķȥ

һΪվɽɽߣǼǧһ˯
ɽΪϻɽɽ͵Ͻʮɽ˵ʮɽһϡǣûдﵽ죬ҪɽǾԲܣΪɽ֮Уͷ켶ޣ
ҲΪͷޣµǿߣֻʮɽıԵɱħѰݣ̤ʮɽ
Ȼûͷޣûﵽ࣬ҲǲʮɽģȲ˵ʮɽ޵£Ǹɽ֣ȥˣҲţ
Ȼֹ̤ʮɽĻΪɽ֣ϻ꣡ϻɽıԵһԨΪϻԨϻԨɣǧɳ߹⻬ͣվޱȡ֮£ǶϻԨף걻һְɫ֡
ϻԨ£ʮĺǣЩ̤࣬ϻɽǿߡ
һ仰޲ӭ˽̤ϻɽ
ҶŮϻԨ׼ϻɽȥʱŮֹȥˣڶһͷأһȥͻ˺㣡
ޣҶ˹൱ǿߣʵǾǿģΪ޵ķ̫ǿˣ
ô죿ҶʵŮӼȻǾӦʲôİ취ġ
ŮֳŶϻԨһָȥ
ʲʲôȥҶΪԼ
Ůӵ˵ͷ⴦Ԩصκ˽¶ᱻΪֻȥǲһ
ҶԨһۣԨףɺɫһ֪Բʲôõط
ҪȥҶ˹СʵϻԨֲ̫˵㡣
ӣͶ·˰ɣ
ʱԶһڵڵٶȼ죬ҶһۣͷֺڵȭͷСڱۣͷֺڵѾԴô
ڱˣҶԥŮӳУȻһŶϻԨһԾ
Ů˵ʮģȥĻһᣬȻǾɣ
Ҷ¶ϻԨһ˲䣬ͷбҶǰվλãҶŮӰʧ֮УͷɫͳˮԥΣվû׷ȥ̫죬Ҳȥ
һףһգͷг׹ϻԨֹͣѲƻʱֹͣΥڹ洦ã


32 
ҶŰŮӣ׹ٶ̫죬ķѹ̵ҶЩۡеŮӱͺöˣɫȻЩ԰ףȴ˲׹һ㡣
ŮӿŽ˫۵Ҷü΢ʱ˽ӵһرҶȥһ㣬˫ֽס֫ʹûе϶ȻʱЩϰߡ
ҶȻڻ˼ȥЩֻϣܹ㵽ףǿȣɵĸ߶Ӧˤģȫɢܶѣ
֪˶ãҶ˫ۣԼŮӻڲ׹ûеףʱһɿֻŵĵӿ
ô죿Ҷ޿κΣֻܽϣŮϣȻԼӦа취ġȻʱǵףһ̯࣬ԼıϾЩ
֪ŮӿҶһۣ
ô֪ܲôԲ֪İҶʱᣬŮʵ̫ˡȻһ䡰Ҳ֪Ϳˣǲ
棬ʱѾˡڻţŮӵĿҶһۣȻͷһתȥҶ
ҶȻ仰ЩɷϣǰŮ˵Ļеġ
һҶŬԼ侲ԼԼˣĸô죿˭ػǣ취취
ô£ͻȻҶ˫ԲΪʲôڵʧףѾûˡ
ŮӵϻԨ˶ɥʧΪΪһͨˡʧҲ˵Ҫˡ˵⣬ŮŤͷҶһۣû뵽Ȼһط
֪ǲǣҶ
Ů΢ƣһĨ˵Цݣڲ֪棬ҵ³Ӧ뵽Ȼ³ҲܺáطиǻὫǵĻǽȻΪǵūʱǾó
ӦûҪллඣҶ̵ǰŮѪִս꼰㣬ԭΪѹڵ׷ɱû뵽Լ¶ϻԨȻ֪ҪǰŮӵ£ǲˬ
ŮЦЦȻ˵ˡǰӵ飬˭ۣ鶼õġ
ŮӲ˵ҶҲŮӴˮս뷨ĬһᣬҶƺ뵽ʲô۾һŮƿЩȻĶӣСһڲһӶסˣʱҲ˲ǰˣֻܽϣصСһˡ
䣬һϹҶļϡͻȻֵŮ˫ĴģԸȻ侲ҲǰͻȻֵСһ𾪵ˡ
ôֵģʲôޣΪʲôԼδޣһϵе˲ڰŮ
ֺԴ˲ҶգȻƺҲ˲Ծ۾Χ˿Ҷдã
Сһûа취ֻɰСһҶ
˫գգ˿Ҷֿ˿ŮӣȻգգۣ˵ͷ
СһͷҶʱһ޲ñСһϼڣСһʵ̫̫ɰˣ
˫צ׼ҶŮӣȻڿл˼£ʱһɫĹֽҶŮɫֳֺҶŮӵ½ٶȶʱ
о½ٶȱҶһϲ˫۷Ź⣬Ǽ𵽱ˣǰСһһ󱦱շޣǴ󱦣
Ů𾪲ѣŤͷҶһۣǰЩ͸ˡǷʦھȻֽг޳ֻ޻أû
ֻ۵ӣŮɻˡ
ڸҶŮʩչһϹСһҶе֮УһԵİŮ𾪲ѡ
ȥˣ̲סģŮӿʵ
Ҷ˰ŮһۣܣеܣСһҲܣɲ֪رǰʵǿŮӣһԺŮӻָʵҪоеǿɾͱˡ
ŮӡŶһȻǳʶȤûڼȥˡÿ˶ܣ⡣
ٵˤҶ˼ԾΪڻ㣬һˣԷǳȻĳĳЩӦ
еŮӷǳ˵ҶŮǰǼôŮӣʵǿ϶ȥǵġԱ֪Ůһıߣĺܣһ˴⣬ȡ衣
ڣʹŮΪȫʧǷ·İǷǳԣȻŮûпֳСŮΪʧȥڣδͿԿĳ
һ߰ŮӣҶ뷨
ƽʱҶ϶Ὣ˼Ůϵģڣ˽ӵһȻûʲô˼а
ǸоҶϵŮҶھ𣿡Ȼֻһ仰Ů˵ȴйɲŭƣɱɢ
Ůɢɱ⣬ҶͷƤЩ飬æ˰Դǧ嶯û˿˼֮ԻȫӦӦһϣӦҪĺͬ۹ãǧìܣ
Ůû˵ֻһ˳˳ĿҶ
ҶڨЦЦδô˼ģģӦ㣬Ӧ֪ġҶò֤£ǰŮȻΪʧҶɲұ֤ûʲôɱﵣ˵һϣӦΪһССڧ
ŮӿҶΣƺҶ˵ʵתͷ۾˱𴦡
״ҶһŮģΪ⣬ƾȻϬΪǿߡ
ǰεһĻ˭û˵ˣֻкϹڵնʱЩء
֪˶ãԭ˫۵ҶͻȻ˫ۣŷǳԵ˷ϲΪŲʵأˡ
ʱŮҲ˫ۣһۣȻ˿ĿͶԶ͸ɫ˿ԶԼµĳɫʱע
ǿʲô


33 ˣ
׹ǣ۴İ׹ǡЩ׹ģҲ޵ģĶѻһǰ㳡ǿֲ졣
ǰЩͷҶüͷ壬ǰطһ֪ʲôõطԼŮΪʧǲ
뵽⣬ҶתͷԵİŮӣŮüͷҲǽʱҶжʱһطҲϤ𣿡
ҶʻŮӿҶһۣмأϻԨһط˽Խϻɽ࣬ᱻɱȻ󶪽ϻԨ˵⣬ŮɨΧһֻۣǿΣôأ
ҶĬΣɲô֪ͨڵˣ
Ůҡҡͷ΢΢̧ͷеЩɺɫµϸһĨأ૵طһǷ˵⣬Ů¶һ˿֮ɫȻֵĿҶһۣʲôǷ˵Ҳ
˲𰡣㻹һˣҶƲƲ죬ЩˬԭʲôǷģŮ˵ֻܴͷˡ
ûȤҶóǰѪжɽ䣬һɨĶʱҶ϶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ֻƽеʯͲ򣬳ʯ⣬вʮлһҶˡΪȻ׵ģȻֻƷҲ׵İҪ֪׵ǽŵӶûеİ
⣬ǻƽƷ⵹ҶЩʧϾͲʧˣΪڽָлᣬȻֱǣƷѪնƽƷף粽Ʒ
Ҳ˼ɰŮӣҶ˳׼ۿʱһԵİŮͻȻǼ粽⣬㲻
ҶһʵΪʲôƺ뵽ʲôҶɵĿ˰Ůһۣ㲻ῴ˰ɣ˵꣬ҶԽԽпܣʶŮԶһЩ
ҶĻҶĶŮƤһؿͻȻӿܿ죬ǻָƽֻǵ㣬ʵӦӹڵ׷ɱ
ԣҶˣ⵽׷ɱ⣬ǽΪʲôҪ׷ɱŮӲһ˵ѵˣҶԥ£ֻƷѣ𣿡
ŮӱҶ˵һ뵽ҶǽڵӣһпǽδһǲҶ;
Ĭ˰Σŵ֮ڵֻҪ棬һͻɱڵЩгŵӿ϶Ź㣬ҲýڵǵҪǣѪֵҪѪΪý飬ɱˣ޷š
ɱˣҶЩţ˾ῴһۣĽܺ󣬲ɿЦŮ˵ҪѪΪý飬ҪѪ־磬ɱˣܣ
ɱˣֻɱǵˡɱġҶջǷһĹȥ֮󣬿Ҫڵ׷ɱˡ
ãСҪ
Ҷǲ벻ʵı飬Ůһֻѣҽֲûõ
ԣҶһ˵òã֪ʲôɫǽڵĻõһ齣Ϊ˲ŵõģһֳֻûע֡ң
ҶͷŭĹţŮӼҪ𣿡˵ţһһҶƷָɣֹ
Ů˵ƣҶһ죬ȴ˷ܲѡ⽣ָӦþϴŮѪһʩչǸ뵽ĽҶѣƷҲˡôܲأƷǧϵųҲûеİ
򿪾һҶ۾һ̧ͷŮӣעģ
ŮӿҶһۣû˵
ҶҲЦЦлл仰ĻǰŮȴǺԥ͸һעġҲ˵Ժ⽣ָ϶°빦
͵ҵıꡣŮӵ˵һ䣬ƺʲôֵѪǱѪʹá
ԣҶһԼǱѪˡһѪгСѪиճ֣һɴ̱ǵѪζҶüǿסǹɴ̱ǵѪζϸ
еѪгĳңԼָڵͷгɺɫ·Ѫһ㣬ϸۿ£Ҷŷ֣⵶֮ʺɫҺ塣
ƷŮӿҶǱѪУһɳɳѪ̶ȣ˵ѪӦñܽƷˡ
ƷҶ۾һǱսȻҪͬҪ
Ҷ۾Ź⣬ŮӳѪɱҽڵʹұɱ㣡
ԣҶϵЦв𣿡˵ԭǱ˾;ˣҪв˭Ὣ䵱ǵˡ
ΣΣŮӿҶƽ
ҶѪǵĻǾǵˣڵˣҲ˿ʴȣ¶ԷŮǽڵӡ˵ҶѾɱġɱŮӵкܶ࣬ɱɸ࣬Ů֪һЩܣһ㹻ˡ˵Ůӻв
ɱңŮ¶ζЦݡ


34 
Ҷһݣû뵽ԷȻˡŰŮãô˵Ҳ㣬㲻԰ɣ
ңŮûзϡ
ҶҲж£ҲϣҾȵһǡڽڵĵλͣʵҲǿף˵ϲã˵ԭЩ¡ҵ£ҪôôҪָֻš
ǲ֣ǼԷζЦݣǷˡŮּǿߣҶûʲôֶΡҵ˶֮УҲڧ
ŮӳĬΣǽڵĵӣʹùմڵӵѪҺã
Ҷһǽڵĵӣֻһ۵ӣ۵ӣǽڵӡ
ʲô˼ŮӿҶ
Ҷûʲô˼ֻǲϣָֻšȻǲϲȥ֮һشص۹ǡһʦõպǰ;⡣뿪ڣΪҪһһɽԺȥҲЩϡǣǰŮСǳȥСЬҲˡ
Ůӳ
Ҷҡҡͷ֪۵ֻǽڴɨģ۵ӵֲûмڽСҲ˵ҲǽڵĵӣȻǽڵӣֺ֮˵
ŮӳĬˡǱˣŰЩ˵Ļ᲻мЦǰҶӲһԷ֮еĽǷʦʵ˾֮ǿġֵӣ뿪ڣǽڵʧ
뵽⣬ŮӵûȤ˽£ǲ¹׷ɱ㣬ǱѪаɣ
ŮòҶ¶ЦݣҲûѪУǽôȥʹõأ
ҶĻŮˡǰ˾ļһ֮ԶԼɱļ˵ڵĻΪԼв뵽⣬ŮӿҶĵû뵽һ˾߾ȻҲ˰ǰСˡ
ìܽҶΧҪڵԵʣΧɼԽԽͣȻʹǰ죬ЩɫڣǵҲٲ֮⡣
ţ϶Уûʲô취Ҷʵ
ûУŮӻشĺܸɴࡣ
ҶûϣУһᣬǰȻŨȻǰ׹ǳɶѣͣ˽ŲȻ߻ԶûʳûˮԴȥ϶ữ׹еһߡȻߣҪԷˮģرΪ¡
ʲô취Ůʵ
ҶΣȻǳߣһֱߣܲ߳ȥҲһԨԲġ
ΪʲôߣŮüʵ
ϷҶ͵
ŮҡҡͷӶϻɽߵ֣£ò˶ãǴʱΪʹͨ⣬ûʮ϶Ҳǲеġʮ죬ܲԲʮ𣿡
ҶٺһЦõģа취˵һֻŽ޽˳
ǱҶгǲ˫ۺݺݵصҶҪ
һֻŽޣŮһ˿ֻŽޣȻĿҶһۡ
ǾȻԼҶЩðŭʲôɣ˵ֳһָǴǸطȥȻ͸ҹҿɲ׳԰׺ȵˣǡ
ҶĻԥãЭˡ뿪ǸĵطҲǸС
ЭҶһԾ˻ǵıϣȻŮӣɣڣǾͲԼ·ˡ
Ůӿ˻һۣȻһԾҶҶһξ룬ҶЩʧԭŮǰ棬ȻŮӲǼġϧƻ̥ˡ
Ļǣǻ⣬ಡһһĨӰ˳ȥ
Ǽ˴Լһʱһ·ϣȻȫǺһƬҶŮɫԻǵٶȣһʱԼٶȻٶ·ϾȻȫǺǣ𾪣ǶһԶԶûꡣ
ּ˰ʱɫѾȫǰѹѹһƬֲָҶΣֻûͣ
ȡһ¹ʯҶǰüͷϻԨ̫ˡһ·ȫǺǣһֺɫ͸Ź졣Ȼڳ˰׹ûʲôвĶ֣ҶܸоʲôõҪ
ôֻŽ޵ģʱŮͻȻʵɻҪ֪޶ûʲôøеģҪ޳࣬ǻǲܵġҶȻֻޣֻ޻ƴӣҪۼ϶ǲŵġ
֮ڤȼʱҵ֮Ȼ뿪ҡҡҶΧں
ҿܱ𣿡Ůӵ
ҶҾӦùô߳ȥǹֻΪʲôҡʵôǿʶô㣬ѵûһ취ʲô뷨ѵĲ
ûа취Ҳû뷨
ĲҶŰŮӣʵһ·ΣأǰŮûаη壬ǵԨǰŮӶƽݡò˵ЩԷġ
ڵӿη֮ġŮƺָҶ
Ҷ˷ۣ˵ֱ̰˵
㲻
ΪʲôҶ
ŮӵҶһۣͲֻɱѪˣͲˡԸԣʺ˵ŮоȻ¶һ˿֮ɫ
桒
Ҷ׼˵ʲôʱһ̶ĽͻȻϿŵһ𣬽˵ڶһᣬΧȫǼ̶Ľ
Ҷɫ䣬УֻвһԶɫĹ㣬ȻЩޣ֪Щɫ϶޵۾
ԱߵֻŽ¶֮ɫɪɪڵһȺڣǵҲЩƷױ͵ޣǣ˼ҵϣֻܵˡ
ƷҹɣҹϲȺӣϲʳ裬û뵽ϻԨȻޣŮЩɫ㣬૵
ܲ˵İ취Ҷû
ŮҡҡͷֳȺӵޣΪδӡҪɵ֡û뵽վһ
ŮӸ˵꣬ЩɫǳҶ˹ȥ


35 Ѫѹ
ҶһǱ׳У¶һĨɲԴУҲҪ
ԱߵİŮӣһƽ·Щ˹Ĳ޶өһ㡣
ȺӵҹͬһźҶŮ˹ȥǰƣΪˡ
Ҫ𣿡ǵصҹɳҶ૵ȻȻ뷴Ȼȴǳ֪˶ҹΧ£ΪûбҲӲȥġ

ҹɵĺҶŮӰʱһϹ֣ǰȻһȴ̶ͬʱһϹҶŮϡ
ֺ󣬽˹һĻ
ճ֣Щɶʱֹס˽Ųǰһںҹɹ࣬ǰҹͣԭأ˺ǰǰƺĳ
ЩҹɲǰһҶŮĿɿڴ¹ʯҶ˷ǰŵҹɾȻɪɪͬǰֻſڵϵĻһ
һһ㣬Ȼҹɲǰ޾ĺڰ֮з·޾ҹһ㣬ϳҶΧҶͬһɫסһ㡣
޾ɫ˫ۣҶͷƤ飬ҹɵ̫ˡ˵ΪûӡԵŮΪûӡԨףƶֻЪ˵ġ
ԱߵİŮҶöˣûпЩҹɣĿϣüͷ塣

ЩɲûȥԽԽ࣬ȻˡһĽȫëȫһεѹ
ѹҶŮȴǷǳĸܵˡЩҹҲܵˣرǰһҹɣƺܲס˼ȻתԼͬײȥ
ҹ̫࣬ǰǼܹȥֳ˹һĻֻǰŵҹɣƺײȥȻʼԼͬ飬ƺԭأ·ʲôǳµһ㡣
ڵϵĻǿЩҹ໥оȻ¶ֻĹâֺվҲûɪɪˡ
ЩҹɾȻʼ໥ҶŮһۣ˴ӶԷж𾪡ĿֻֿڿеֻʲôȻЩҹΪϧɱ
˲ʱЩҹɢȥˡȴǲûʧǳ֮ϣ˫ɫ˫ۣͬ嫵ǿһ㣬顣ȻǲûзҶ˵裬ֻʱ˱ܶѡ
ЩҹͣϿգСһﻹ׼ȥߣҶæֹˡЩҹȻǳСһǹ˻ǽСһҪǰǱƵ̫ˣǵʱ裬Լ͵ýˡ
ҶֹСһЩΣ޺޵ĿͷϵЩҹһۣƺЩ͵ﲻʶȤСצֻ˻ӣĲ
ˣҶСһﱧڻСһë׵СԴллˡ˵ĻСһˡһʼΪСһ⣬ûʲôʵ֤Ǵġ
Сһ۾һУ¶˸ɰЦݣȻҶļϣСԴ˲ҶգһǺѵģ
СһﱧڻҶЦСһͱȥˡЩ˵ţָָָͷ
Сһ￴˿ͷЩɫ۾Ȼ˵ͷ
СһͷҶЦЦȻʵΪʲô㣿ǻηСһҶͷǳˡû뵽˶ҹɾȻҲ˼ɵСһھʤ£ǰһһΪȻɱ
գգۣƺ֪ô
ѪѹʱһԵİŮӳ޽ѪѪ߹޲٣һЩر츳⣬ܹЩͼѹ˵ǰѪǵޣ˵սѹǶֿˣ
Сһ￴ŮӣգգۣûҡͷҲûеͷ
Ѫ߹󣿡Ҷ⣬ʵѪô߹󣿡
Ů񿴰׳յĿ⿴ҶһۣȻϳֹʥǿߣ޻ֻ࣬ҪΪʥǿߣڵѪͻ죬ӵһЩǵҲΪѪӶһЩ츳ȣȻҪǼѪ
ŮǱӵҶ˷ܵ˵Сһʥǿߣʥǿ߰ҪΪʥǿߣǵþ˾쾳߾߾߾߾Ȼʥ߾ÿһַ־ŸС磬ҪΪʥǿߣֱ찡ûʥǿߡ
ŮӿСһѪѹӦǳʥǿߡֻҺܺ棬࣬ΪҴδһЩ޼صҲûϡ
ҶҲЩɻСһȷʵ̫ЩСһڸһģẦԼˡأԼСе͹ˡ
ʱСһСצָҶȻָָߵķ
ǱжҶʵ
СһҡҡСԴָָ
˵Ǳߣ
Сһ˵ͷ
ҶûԥǣȻŮӣŮԥ£ȻһԾҶı
Ļǣǻ⣬߼ȥ
ȻСһΪʲôǱߣҶѡšΪֱСһﲻẦҴʱ˵ӱ߸ûʲô
СһڣرǰܵĿˡҶǳ⣬м˲ǾͷЩҹɣЩҹɾȻһƶٶһһ󿴹ȥ̹һƬͷ
ԴˣҶûܵĿһЩ⣬ûʲô취ֻҪЩҹɲǾͺˡ
ҹУһĸʱܵȻȻǺǴͷϵЩҹȫʧˡҶһ
ԼһʱͻȻǰһߣߣҶӿֿϲ̫ĹյûгϻԨҲϣҪ֪ԭĵطⶼ²ȥġ
ߣҶİŮҲѵõ¶һĨЦݡ


36 СһǵĻ
ûа׹ǣûеֻ죬ƣ̫Ƶɽ

ҶǣǰһУһϤһа
СһȻҲǷǳˣ˸ͳԶҶûֹСһڡ
ŮӴĴţſţüͷطȻûûа׹ǣȴĴɽЩɽ嶼Ǹơվλãڹס
ǻûϻԨŮӳ
ҶһΧȻָڣȻû˿Ҷɫٴ
طЩŹ֣Ůӳ㿴ƬȻ޷ƮطҲûа׹ǣطܰǳһҲûС
ҶüͷŮ˵ҲطЩ졣ͬԨףΪ߲˴ǳ
ʲô뷨ҶŮӣʵ
ŮӳΣû뷨
Ҷ˷ۣŮӣҶЩڣ⣬ʲô⣬ԼϹڡͲԼˣ
ಣ
ʱһϹ⣬СһǰСһﻳǰһССɫ֣дԼʮŵĺɫӡСһͬױһ㣬С͵Ҷǰ
СһľٶҶһůСһԴȻǶѹӽ˹ֵݸŮţŮҲֻܾǺĴҶСһ
ȭͷСɫޣڸζǳҶһţŮҲǳһšƺҲԣСһһۺ󣬾͹ֵֹĵͷȥڿҶеĹˡ
СһָָԶƺҶǱߡ
ҶЦЦ׼ǰߣͻȻüͷһ壬˫סֻһа͵ĴȫԼٶҲԼ
ҶתͷŮӣְŮҲЩԾֻŮһ㣬ĲŮ㣬ҶؿеĺɫӣȻֿСһСһ⣬ʲô
ҶСһգգۣСԴæ˰ڡ
Ǻϻ
ʱŮӻҶֻǲ֪ʱжһֻ߱ߵ޿ԵǹӳԣһԾǳˣԭʼõͷţ
Ҷǿѹסǹа𣬵Ŀȴ鲻ԽĿ˰Ůӣҧҧ⣬ҶŬʹԼͷѣȻų߹İŮӣ㣬Ҫʲô
ŮҲԽԽ룬ҶЩͷԻţ֪Ҳֲ˶ˡ
һŮӿҶɱ㣬Ȼɱ䣬ŮβֻеǱһȻѰŮӵ֣һ⳯Ҷֱȥ
֪˺ϻҶԼɱҲŹԼʬġֻɱҶɱԼŲʧȥ֮
Ҷд󾪣û뵽ŮӾȻɱ֣û뵽ŮΪ⣬Ȼܴ߶Ǳɫǧһ֮ʣһӰڵءһ̣ǱɫȴҶ
飡
ǱȻҶ𾪣Ǵ˵еĽ鰡ָԣܹеĽ콣飬˵Ʒ̫ߣʲôӶǣ־ͽ콣顣
Ǻ콣飬ֺ콣ǽġֻҪﵽ߾ڵӾͿԽԼ彣Լĵʱһãмʲԣ˴ﵽͨ
Ȼ콣û콣ǿģ콣ǻԼѡԼˣǵǻۻѾģ콣ģȻԣûررĻԵǸǻ۵ġǿһѣ
֮콣ĽǺ콣ĽǼġ
Ҷû뵽ȻһѺ콣
ɫ䵽ǰʱһϹǰסǱɫ
ǱûзҶȴǱסһʱ䣬Ǳɫս
Ҷûȥһʱȫ·𱻻һ㣬ޱȣʶҲԽԽģĿ⿴һԵİŮӣֻŮӴʱˮ˫ҲһƬ죬⣬¶˴Ƭļ
Ҷʶߵ˰ŮǰȻܵıס˰Ůӣʦͨ
ңһɱ㣡ǰɫͨҶŮ峺Һ建£Ůеһ˿Ҳǡ
ʱѾǲҶֻһͷйҪйŮ˵ʲôûȥһʱ䡭
´ɣ£һĻɫȻݣϧȴд۸

ʱڶϻɽཻ۵վڶϻԨк뷢׵߿ŶϻԨʦܣ˵ʫѾͷ˶ϻԨǹڵӵĻţ
߳ʦ֣ڵӵĻȻţǴ˴ΣڵӦû˵ʫӦ¶ϻԨˡȻ˽Ѫʫ϶ѾУУʫĻӦûɢʫĻûɢǾ˵ʫšʫţǾһϻԨȻûΪʫӲڵ׷̣
ڣ֣뷢׵Ϻ˪иɭɱ⡣һεڱӿǺܿɢˡ
еɱ⣬æʦ֣չس߾Ǵʱ򲻿ɴʦĴֲڡǽڵˣ򲻿ɳ嶯
׷ҡҡͷҲ嶯ĴϹڵģǹھȻ˶ǿʮɽ϶ʲôɸ˵ܡ⣬֪ͨڽӣǸˣӣѰڵӣһɱһ
ǣӦһȻֵʦ֣ʫ
׷̾һʫ¶ϻԨǸΪʦ֣ȻȥҲǾһ˵⣬׷˳£ֵްæôܰأɲǹս
ܵԣ˵ѾͷŮѾͷ츳ҲþȡѾͷ츳ʱգҽڿ϶һǿߡѾͷҽΨһһǱġ
׷˳ΣȻϻɽ⣬ȥִӹɨڵˣȥݷ»ߡ˵꣬һӣĳһĽ£Ȼ˴һĨ⣬˲ʧԶ

ҶֻоͷͣʶЩģ˰Դú˫ۣǰһĻʱֱӴסˡ


37 ư
ֻŮ˫֣һʶĸоõ֪ⲻΣʵġ
Щ͵Ա߿˿СһﲻˣǲˣǱԶƺڿҪҪһ
ˣŻеŮӣʱҶʱ뷨
ʱŮ˫ۣŮӴҶվȻһԵݴֱ·ȥǱɫŮӶûҶһۣҲû˵һ仰ͷ·Ҷһ㡣
ҶʱҲ·ˣŮóҶƤһңҾӦúƽ¡ȻСһǣŮҲԵĳûаգ
ŮųתҶޱ飬˵˵ô
ôҶһ˭˭ѾҪˡ֪˵Ը㸺϶᲻м߿ϣһҪ˵Ը⸺𡣡
㵹ǸҵŮ֪Ʒڸһʱ䣬ҾͻΪߣҽ겻ʮ꣬أŮûгҲûп𣬷ǳƽκ
֪ҪҶ̾һȴ˿ûбһ仰˵鲻־磬ƶ־磬ңҾ⻰Ƿǳġ˵꣬鲻Խһ졣
ǺŮӵ˵ͷҶϸ¶Цݣֵֻֻǣ֮а𣿡
ҶЦݽ̣ĬΣȻŰŮӣ겻ʮ꣬һʮ꣬Ȼֻһ˾˵;һ𣿡
ŮӿҶΣŵʵǿ벻ǿҸ˵ûʲô塣Ҳɱ㣬ֻΪǽпܵưĵӣ˶ѡ
ԣҶЩȻ˭ԷӣòҲ֪Էʸʸ
ô£ҪɱңҲ־ܵġ棬ҳɱû⣬սֻơҶ̹ף鶼ˣҳ촰˵á
ŮӿҶһۣȻԶÿһԣЩص۹ĻʼѧԺһŶڣⳡư񡣡˵⣬ŮתͷҶҪư񣬶Ҫư񣬾ͱǰʮưڶʮ㣬ǰʮɣ
ҶƤһ죬Լŵӿ˶ûµҲûɣǰŮӻҪԼȥμʲôưŮӵĻưǸеĵط
ȫţ붼°
ҶĨĨͷ亹ưӦʲôưɣ
ʮ£߾¡ƣŮӵ
ưʲôҶʵ
壿Ůӳһᣬڲս˵ǸĻᡣ˵һ·ԴĻᡣ
·ԴҶʵ
Ůӽ͵ص۹оݣÿһϰСص۹ҪԴԴϵ˼룬ܹŲ˥ǰΪ˲ţ֡ΪĳЩԭ򣬴ҲɱˡԾưưŵԽߣֵĳоԽࡣһưԪŻ˵һǷֵԼʮСǽڣΪû˽ưֻΧСС
ôҶѿڶ˵꣬ЩˡǰŮԶԽźøУԼô˵϶ġ
Ůûֻ̾һǺŵֻǧŵǧң洫Ӹֻһǧࡣǳţˡ
ŰŰϵЩҲư񣿡Ҷüʵ
Ůҡҡͷһɽţȥ㲻һǿֻһ㣬һһ㶼㲻ϡһϲˡڵڽڿ˵ţǷŵưֻܶǷϲˡ
㻹ҽưǰʮҪ֪ŵӶǣҶ
ԣŮӿҶüëһôûģ
ҪһҶֱŮӣ
ʲôŮü
ҶһҽưҪһ׷ĻᡣϲǰŮҶֻ֪֪ǰŮѾˡȻˣǾӦһ𣬾ô򵥡
ôŮǷ¶һ˿мΪ㷢˹ϵӦøһҲʧȥҪԷŮˣ˵뽣ڲҵһУ
ңҶʵ
̸ϣŮӵʵЩһЩԸƷԻ˵Ĺȥ
Ҳ㣡ҶæԸ䵭Щ߰Щ涼áȻ㲻ңҲ㣬Ϊʲôһأ˵ʵһЩĻһ˵أ
ŮӿҶţҶҲʾš鶼ˣҶ̹ףˡ
ãŮӵưǰ壬Ҹһᡣ
һΪҶæʱƺưеĵطˡ
ҶЩ˷ܵģŮһ˿ĸоת˲šΪ˽ڵǰ;һ޽˽ǽ˵̸ԽӴǺ١ղͻȻҶϵһ뷨ɱҶûУ˵ΪҶΪڴһ˿
ǵҶҪ󣬲֪Ϊʲôбǲһĸоָо֪ʲôΪǰδָֹо
˰ŮԶ૵


38 
˴Э󣬼ڻϸ·ദûǰȻҶǲ˵ĻŮǾԲȿڵġԴˣҶҲЩΡ
ֵһ˵ҶˣӷƷﵽ˷˰ƷΪʲôͻȻҶĲ룬ӦǿźϻáҲȷŮӣΣҲֻܽڶ
˸ʱ˼Сɽ壬һɽĲԶǰԶһֱɽ壬ֱӵ¿ɽ
ǱݣͻȻҶɽɽŴָԶһéݣžϲ
ǴéݣŮüͷ壬ûֹҶǵطȥȻЩԾʱҲûбİ취뿪ط
˸Ǵéݣֻéݵű򿪣һӣһɫӵ˴˳ߺϣǳϣҶߵĵһӡֻۣͷϵͷֻȼ˵ͺͷҲΪһȣ·̣·һܽεƵġ
˿ҶŮӣһĨ죬ܿͻָȻŹҶˡ
״Ҷѹסе𾪣æǣӭ˹ȥһ񣬵ǰ׹¶ϻԨײ˴ǰǣȻǰ˿ȥˣҶòС˾ȻסϻԨͨ
ҶòǲƵҲ¶һ˿͵Ц⣬ͻȻ۾Ĵģǿʲô˼£Ҷ˰βջĿ⣬˴Ѿкöû˰˴ҲԵ֣Եȣ˵꣬Źת߽é֮С
ˣҶתͷѾԵİŮӣʫܿ͸ʵ𣿡º󣬾ҶҪŮӽָ
ʫҶһۣȻϰҶ˳ƺҲûԣĬ˰ΣҡҡͷҸоһΪһͨˣƺЩԾ
Ҷ׼˵ʲôִé֮˳ֻʱ϶һɫľһ˸Ųɫâ
ҶɻʱѾߵǵǰ˴˴ǺɫϵĻҳȻݸҶѻ꣬ҡϰ⡶Ӧô˵ֿ꣬ҶԵİŮӣȻĵ£Ҳֶ飬Իþɣ
Ҳĵ£ʫüëһǿǰнľҪˡ
ʫԽҶæվǰһ񣬵ǰ޹»ǵһμ棬⡭Ҷʫûǰ̫ˣһҶĸҽӹ
˿ʫһۣȻֿ˿Ҷŵ³çˡûж⣬ҲǷù͸ǡ
ԣҶھܾӹǾᣬշֻǾʱһĨ̹ʧϡͻȻǰͻȻתһãã硣
ҶãȻʱֻһɫӰͻȻĲԶӰֳһؽƷἯҽԴҽȴ佣ͬ˽Ϊ뽣ƣ
˵ֻ꣬һӣ󳤽ȻҲôǱڿͬһƤĺӣһᳯңһᳯһֱһּ£ڿֶ
һԵҶ°ͶҪݺ˿ĭ૵
ûֻ꣬ڿвϷĳͻȻһ󼱲һǹʶ˶ʼȥһֶ̣Ųͬķ˼һʱ䣬нݺᡣ
ӳϰٵ֮ǱӰ˻ʧͬʱһ֪Ӻδߣסľ֮ڵϢԪһ˽һ
һοھ꣬Ҷʱоһת˫ֻۣЦĿҶһԵİŮӣϣԷ¸ղ
УŮӻ⣬͵һЩǿ߻ὫԼһЩһЩͨھ֮УֽдУܵһУôܶࡣ
ԣҶѹסеļתһ񣬵лǰȻ֪ΪʲôõƷȴġ
ЦЦȻǶݸҶ֪ɻ󣬵ΪĳЩԭ಻ܸ㡣ȥط൹ǿ԰æһ
ҶӹǶȻֻҪСƴǣ
˵˵ͷҲûʲôϣǴﵽ߾˴һˣʱһ°㣡
ԣҶ˿ûھʲôΪѵ£´ӦСǴﵽ߾ǰѰǰС˵Ȼ֪Ⱳûлﵽ߾Ȼ˵ҲֻôӦԺ¡
ҶĻĵ˵ͷȻһӣһɫԲȦҶԣȦվңȦף˸ķġ
󣡡
ȦŮҶɫһ䡣ǼΪھһ̨Ǹ̨ϾഫЩԴ͵С˵˵󲢲ôϡ棬ǣ죬ǰһӾŪһͺֲܿˣ
Ҷ𾪣ʫҲһĿһۣгɻ⻹ļɵ
ƺûпϵ𾪣ԽǴϻɽҪ˵ص´ȥΪǺá߰ɣ
ҶһٴһȻʫߵɫԲȦ֮С˸߽ȥһ˽ŵӿ˲佫˰סȻݡһʧ
ǵʧЦݻ૵Ϊʲô͸δأΪʲôء


39 
һתҶٴ˫ʱǰĳʹȻɫǰʮͷͲǵɫǣʮͷɫ֮䣬м߻ѪûޣȻʮͷɫʤĹʵ
ùҶǳ˳飬ȻҲĽԵʫȡǱƷڨЦЦ⣬ɺϣɺϣǼ
ҶԼʫһĨҶĻʱʫ΢ƣһĨ˵ЦݣϧҶֻжʮͷޣûм޵һĻ
Ҷ˵ãһ˵ЩɫܶʱվȰţȻһԾ̩ɽѹ֮ƳҶѹ˹
Ҷͫһ׼ƴһʱнȻҶ㵵Ŀ£ֻʮͷŽ޶ʱأѪڿͬȪһ㣬ʮͷһѪǰ㳡׳ۡ
죡
ʮͷڵϣҳҶعתͷʫֻʫɫȻƵᣬָֻ˵ǰơ
㣬ָʵҶʶĳʵ
ʫ˵ͷ
㣬ʲôʱָģҶ⣬Ǽǵ˵ѪַʲôͨؽڵĻָ˵ġ
ʫϻԨķ򣬵Ӧҽġ
ԣҶ˵ͷ˵ĻҲ˵ùȥˡжǿҶ֪ǵؽ־˳һסڶϻԨף˿϶ʲôˡ
ͻȻʫתͷҶɫֻ£Ȼûֳκɱ⣬ҶȴƤһֳ˼㣬㲻ᷴԼɣ
˵أʫ
ҶһȻҡҡͷ㲻ᷴڵġ
Ϊʲô
ҶЦЦȻദʱֱ̣ܶ㲻ֳˡҪɱҵĻԨӦþа취ãͬھܵġȻûɱңӦҲᡣ
ʫҶҶҲʾţκһӣɫһĨĽ£סҲɱ㣬ΪԽмֵûֳӦеļֵҲ
ԣҶ΢΢һЦǰŮЩ죬ġ뵽ʲôҶӿռָ֮ó˸ǶɢŲɫâӣȻߵʫǰӵݸʫġҶûȥǶʲôƷף֪ӿ϶ʲô
ʫһǶӣȻģ
ڰ͸㣡ҶЦЦ
ʫҶΣȻĿǶϣú󣬵ǵؽƷؽϵǽڶûмһһԣȷҪң
ؽжû˲֪˵ؽڴ˵еġؽףͬʫ˵ǽִţûмģŻҶ
ʫĻҶҲһû뵽ӾȻǵؽףΣɫָܿҲ˼ʲôץʫ֣ǶӷУʵ˵к𾪣Σˡ
ʫĿҶһۣȻϣʱбһ貵ĹâҶǰһãһ̣ͻȻһȫǽɫ磬һȥȫǽɫı
ͻȻЩҶһһֻ̣ЩͻȻһг˹ıҶоȻʱǰٴһ䣬бɢصʵ
Ҷ˰Դʫʫʱɫһ䣬ΪʱʫϾȻһɫĹâţǲɫâͬһ£ʫ£˸ԻõĹâ
⣬ô£Ҷ⡣
ʫ˿еһĨϲ͵Ʒһ㶼в˼һһأղǸǹֻͷųģĻɲʲôãˣʵУܵش
˵⣬ֵֻֻֿҪһϾͻḡһףҸ£ҵʵȫһȻ˵ֺֻ߾ǿһսֻռ䣬ռԼɷΧ󣡡
ԣҶҲ𾪲ѣǰؽܱ̬û뵽˱̬˵ģǸղǸʫʱ֣˵⣬滹Գɿռ䣬ɷΧɽüʮֹ
ҶϵеĽʫôڽ͸ˣ
ʫĻҶɫһ䣬һʫҳϣؽˣΣӣ̫СҶˡ˵꣬ҶתߵǶѱʫܴڵղžˡ
ʵ˵ҶǶʵвڵģؽĺˣĲڣ͸ʫڡ֪㲻ǰûһڣǶһǸŮõģŲûôˡ
ڵҶʫſͻȻЦָֻ֪ܿΪʲôҶΪǾ仰оȻһǰδеĸоҲ֪ΪʲôȻĪĸоЩġ
ҡҡͷʫ̧ͷ˫Ŀʣ֪ΪʲôԽԽƽˡ
Ҷ˵Ľʮڵպãʮڵ˵һʲСĲƸˡЩƤʲôģڵĲˡ
߰ɣ
ʫ̧ţվǱɫ֮ϣҶ
ԣҶһϲҲæܵɫ֮ϡУ£°
Ҷվڳ֮Ϻʫһӣʱһ

ͻȻɳȥҶ⧲ӽȥӦ죬ıסǰʫȻذ
Ҷţʫü΢ԥΣջûнҶȥֻǼӿٶȡ


40 ڣ
Ҷ͵䳡ʫתȥڼûҶ˵һ仰ҶЩ벻ᡣҲ֪Է̬䵭뻹Ϊǽһ뵽ڽԼı֣ҶҲЩ졣
һҶеȥڿɲǶŮ鳤ʱиҪҪļǵãŵӵĿʮҪʼˡȻŵӲҪĿ꣬ĿŵӣŵӾͱΪŵӲУ
УǻһսأһսֻʤܰܣΪ˾УһǸʲôư֮Ϊ˻Լֻδĵ£ƴˡ
ѹж
ҶȥڣǸƴʱˡ

ߴ壬нһǽڵ̫壬̫壬ǽһסĵطҲǰ˷֮ס
̫壬̫
̫̫һͬʱҲǽµĵطΪݵˡڳʲô£߷뽣ųϵ˱ط
ʱ̫֮վһŮŮǸջصڵʫǵȥϻɽѰʫʦֵܡ
ʫĻ뷢԰׵ɫ˪ɭɱ⣬ҽڼӹȻǹɱģǺõȻҽڵķΧɱҽڵӣǹڵԽԽҽڷ˰
ʫʦӦò᲻Զʮɽɱҽڼŵӣʫãιʮɽ϶ʲôıȻǲܳѪ֣м߾ǿʮɽ
һԵͬص˵ͷʦ֣ʫһʮɽһɳ˶߾ǿߣǿ϶ʲôıǽڲò
ԣֳΣȻ⣬ɱʮڤȣ֣ϻԨط̺ʽڵ˾ɱ˵꣬˶٣ֵ⣬Ϊ˱Ҳȥʲôǲɽ鷳֪ͨ
ǣ˵ͷȻת߳˴
ֿ֮ʫԥ£ʫץסڵӣ˵һ¶ϻԨǼ٣
棡ʫû
ԣ촽ţ˵ʲôʫü۵ʹվû˵ֻЦЦôȻͺáУԺڵӣвɴУҪ֪ǽΨһһǱռλõˡ
ʫǣ
סͺãȥϢɣ
̫ʫ۷ķڴ֮ջûнҶ˵Ҷʵ˵Ҷ϶õڵӡ෴ģҶҲʸ֮ġ
ľ֣֪֮ҶеĽһʦĻЩж϶ǿ߽رǹڣǾҶֵӳɳ
ȨվҶǷʦ˵
ڻЩʫһ̾ҶԪڣǸʮӣԷҲҶҶ֣ҶڽڣԷҡΪ˫𣬻Ϊе׵ģ

ʮɽһУҶؽ׽һ˵ǳãرҶϸеһк˷ܵĲΪһؾͿУ
нֽųϵ˵ҪУ͵ȳΪ߾ǿߣΪֻ߾ǿߵ㹻еġֻдﵽ߾ܹ뵤뽣ͨý˲һϵܹС
˵ڽڣȻǽе£ѶȴֹһЩųϳУҲֻ÷
ҶҪ罣ڵǰﵽ߾УֻҪŵƷһأͿﵽеЧȻемʯںġ
أһأڶأȻΪƷɲǹýж÷ġ񵱳ʱǺӰýַ
ڶأ൱һİ֣ĶǷǳֲġʵϸ˵˵ǽӦ˵һĴڣΪûʲôʽԲΪǳ졣
룬ͬսʱһͻȻɵԷһнΣҴӰ˿û˵ֻһѣٰܹѣȫƾ
ļ죬Ҷ˳Է⣬ʱ䶼ǴҪ˵ǷǳġԴˣҶ÷ǳ˷ܣǰûͻȻһؽףôܲ˷أ
ָã첻Ͽָܹһ齣ҲֳܹˡĽǳֻҪһ֣ڿͣʮϢͻأ͸˵ýжˡ
Ҷ٣ܽ꣬οƷأһ鲻УǾһٱ飬һٱ鲻УǾһ飬гɹһ졣
죬Ҷվƽʱǿʯ֮ϣǰһУ˫̧˫Ǳڿеĳգգ
ԲԶҲѧǱûҶô棬鶯˫۲ʱһգһգģǳɰ
ĳһ̣Ҷ˫ֻƶ˫ƶмǱͻȻ˲ȻҲ𽥻ֻЩϸƶ
ƶҶһϲҴ⣬Ƭ̣Ȼּʼƶ
Сۣڻˡ
ʱһϤұߴҶһʱϣ״ҶתǸס


41 Сһ
ʯ֮ϣҶ۾ĶʯͷϵĿհ׷ֽͬʱеϸСƱڷֽϻƶš
ԣСһ뱦۾һ˳˳Ķſհ׷ֽûСһҶǰ棬һῴҶƷһῴֻɰСһ鲻ʱεεת֪ڴʲô⡣
ãҶһգһȻ򱦶ôҾƷģûдɣ
챦һ˵ҪƷӦ˵ҪָƷΪһѧߣʦҪҶĸҲӣΪʦ⣬οǴδйСģΪľʦ⡣
ĿѵĴСһƿȻҶǿǿƷʱ˫ۼգգȻпҶΣŵʵˡȻٶ̫˵㣬ٶٿͺˡ˵꣬ɫһ졣
Ҷͬĵ˵ͷʱһǿҶҲЩˡҲ֪⼱Ҫٶȣֻ
Ҷͷ˫΢УС¶˲õЦݡҶƷٶƷʵѾǳˣٱѧʱҪúܶࡣɲҶүү˵ģܽһͻ˲ġ
뵽үүĻΪȻĵ˵ͷĵС۽Ҫ
үүʦ˼һ𣿡ҶʵǸʦҶǷǳģŵӶԱ̬ȣԼǸʦ϶Ǹǳţܿɽǿ϶кܶôġ
˵үүЦƲƲ죬ǸͷӶ뿪һˣߣʲôʦҪôã϶ȥ͵͵ȥˡ͵ҲҲιĺӣ
ûҶЩʧ뿿ɽֻŶԷѧڶһչٶʵ̫ˡһƴʦָţ϶ǳġ
ˣЩͻȻתתСָҶԵСۣ˭⣬ˡ
գգۣȻһ˸䵽ҶļϣǰСŮĿ̫ˡ
Ҷһ˸˷ܹâ˫ʱжʱֲĸоֻСһͿǷǳɰģǰСħŮ϶ǿСһˡ뵽⣬Ҷ֯ԣȻҵѣæ
ʮƷ㻻ҶĻֱӿĳ롣ǰСһһ۾ϲˡ̫ɰˣ͸һ
ҶЩͷۣСһ϶ǲܸģҾϸСһ϶ҲԸȥġǶСһģǶСġ
ʮƷĿСһƵҶϣֻǿҶʱĿЩˡ
СһĻˣȻԸȥΪ˲Ҷͳȥ˫צҶգСԴϲҶԴԴ⡣ⲻ֪СһһԵıʼˡ
Դ˲СһԴҶЦЦСһﲻһѣԸҵģ֮ûǩʲôԼԣûȨˡҪ쭣ҶæȻԸĻǾԲᷴԵģ⣬ͿԼıˣ
Ҷһ䣬ɫСۣɲŶСһԸңԺҵģ
ԣҶæ֤
ҶĻĵ˵ͷȻСһЦеСűɣкܶöеҩз߼ม֮ҪǸĶģòã
ĻҶƤһһ۲۵Ĵ
СһǳϵҡҡͷͬʱСצץҶͷ
Ҳ٣ջ㿴ϱĶүүүүкܶܶö޵ڵкܶؽมӦȥ͵㣬ô
ĻҶ˵Ҹɣ
СһҡҡͷЩɿϣɲͨ
ǳģСһջ˴ԼһʱпҶ޲ñһֱСһʼնҡͷƺܲ˱ֱ굽Ҷĵ֮Уıˡ
Сһ̬Ҷǳ⣬ܾ˶ջ󣬿СжСһǳջڱ˶СһﶼǲΪ
Сһ굽ҶȥСһܵʱҶֿ֣һҶСһҪһֱȥģУǰүүʱһһ飡
޵ϡﻩҶͷˡǰСħŮԼòʹ󣬵ԸΪʲôôأԼȻЩƤǿǷǳġǰСħŮǱԼǸʦ߻˰
Ҷ汦˲ϵ飬ˣһ취Сһ׽
ԣգգۣȻˣʲô취ɲƭ
ҶЩ౦СԴ룬Сһǵһμ棬֮䶼ûи飬ôأҪȸ飬׽㣬ΪѣԺҪ㣬ҲͲᷴˡ˵أ
գգۣһᣬͻȻһ֣ѽǱżˡǣҪôСһԱкøأ
ԣҶ˸£ȻҾǾСһһЩöʲôģʱһã͸ˣȡ
˵꣬Ҷɫһ죬ӿһУʣƱĺ𣿲һ뵽ǸõСһﲻݵģҶǵбȻˡ²ߣԺСһ϶ð
ͬĵ˵ͷС˵еͻؼȥñ˵꣬תһܵˡ
űıӰʧڹȿڣҶһ̧ͷգſ˻ʣˣΧЩѾڸڵ·ˡҲüӰѾ˰


42 ſ˿ʼ
ʣµʱ䣬Ҷûȥǽо˽ָ齣ϡȻǿڶʱڲܷã齣뽣ָѾѧᣬſ֮зá
ʱת˲š
ŵӿ˵ĳز䳡ڿ˷塣˷һС壬ƽʱɽûʲôˣһſ˵ӣɽͻֵĵط
峿΢΢˷һ޴㳡ϣվŴԼǧҵ꣬ЩͶʮңеĸСȻСû˸СǣΪǶԽΧеš
˵һҲΪΪҪʮ֮ǰﵽƷǷǳѵġȻΧм˿ڣҲֻǧҵ
վȺ֮УҶΧЩ˷ܼӣвЩпʱӾ͸Щࡣھ۵ӵǻ涼ĳ죬ȻΧЩǰ˷ܼ
˵ŵӲĿ꣬øԶڶԼǳġ
һֺջʣڿ˷ʱųϳ˹㳡ǰ̨֮ϡϳ̨֣µЩӶʱһɧΪ϶ɧΪҪʼˡ
̨ǧӣܻ΢΢üĿɨ£̾һֻǧٶȥ࣬ȥҽں
Եķ˵ͷǰ˵ԪһſˣʮŲμӣҲмھ˵Ҳ򡣶ǽڲǧȥ˱׼ҽſ»˵
ͱ׼α겻αһԵǧҡҡͷͱ׼ھͻһһⲻ˳ΪҾãҪҪȡԴнڵɱưּܶеĻ־涨ı䣡
ư񣬷ܻʱһܻ̾Цǧô᲻֪Ҫɱư񣬺ѣưϵЩһļһرǻʼѧԺԪŵЩȥҲһֺð
̾һҽڰǰʱҽǺ䶦ʢʱһԪҲ˱ܡû뵽󣬻˥ˡ
ԣǧҲ¶һĨɬǰʮӴư֮󣬾Ȼûһɱư񣬴Ӷҽڳ˾棬˵ףЩ˵
ܻĿɨˣ˵νѩиʮʹﵽ߾Ʒμӿˣʮʹﵽ߾ƷõҩĻӶΪҽһ
Цŵ˵ͷҲˣнԴ˵ΪѩǰܳšŲ٣ŰЩһΪŵӺ󣬴ӦܳΪŵһˣ
һԵǧЦЦʲôܳţҶн֪ҶеĽ½ڵЩڳǶᱻ𾪡˵Ҷѡ
ʱ̧ܻͷ˿ͷ̫ȻϷ룬һذɣ
ԣԼ飬ǰ˼ŵЩԵ۵꣬иһĨο˫̧ԭЩֵʱʧ˳װ
λϷųϷǿԽҷ볤ϣϷǴ˴οԱ֮һȣϷڻӭǵĵΣϷϲǣΪվ˴ǾʹĲף㲻ܳΪŵӣպĳɾͿ϶Ҳ᲻
˵ã⣬˴ο˹أһزǵľһصĿ̭Щõҩˣ粻ȹ̵ˡڣһͷ߾ѹܹܵסģأ
˵꣬һӵǧϿգȻתһɿֲڱӿͬһСɽѹ˵µˡ

һЩ⧲ѹ֮£ֱ̱ڵءһӣѾ൹˰Աһڳ¡
Ѿһ̨꣬ϵǧܻüͷ˴̫ͣ˰
ĳطһȺɫ۵Ź㳡ϵЩ꣬ȺԼʮҶ֮ԼǸҲУȻΪŰʮŵȻмǰ档
ųĻͻǳΪʮŵŰϵĵӣŵһӡȺ֮УҲֻһ㡣
һӾ͵һԱʱΪ׵һпźҡҡͷεŵӲһ̫ˣȤȤϣǸʲôѩǰܳĵӲҪʧ
ںԵһԲҲҡҡͷ뵱һΣǧӣڵһصµֻһǧҡģҪǧ볤ϲֵĻ»࣡ǸʲôţǴ˵ʮﵽ߾ƷĻҲ
Цһʮﵽ춼ųΪǸŮڣ˭ҳ
Ů֣Χɫһ䣬иŨŨɵΣԲЦЦŮһھͰռŰһ˵ȥųս츳˶˵ǲ˲ٰ֪
Ҳǵһ̾Ĺâ£Űڶ챻ǺˡŬˣȻԺ棬Աĵǰˣ
Բͬĵ˵ͷҲеţǸŮͲ˵ԼˡǸŮ̫ˡ

УҶ۹۱ǣǹģ˿߾ѹӰ졣ĸȣǾսҲ߾ѹ߾ѹһǲֵܻѹһӰ졣
ͻȻ˫ۣұߣʱұߣһԼʮҵһϮİɫۣòӢȻЩۣȴָʣֻϵİȴǲôΡ
ȻҪһ㣬߾ѹûܵ˿Ӱ졣Ҷ΢΢һ¡
ҶԼԴʱջԼĿ⣬εſҲȫǷиÿһҰҲãȻ̫Ȥˣ
ҶҲջĿ⣬Ȼ±ĿԷʵǶ˵û˿塣
ʱ󣬷һգתӵ˽̨֮ϡµһƬʱֻʣǧʱ΢΢ҡͷһ̾Ѿˣû뵽˶˱̭飬֪
Ƹգ˶ʱһ㳡Ҷҡͷ볤ڳ£˵ѹǿһ㣬»ᵹˡ
ԵһЩµ꣬ԴǷһĨмЦ߾ѹܲˣ˵꣬תͷҶ¶ζЦݡ
飬Ҷüͷһ壬ûµɵǺܶడ
ʱǧǰ˼ʣµһǧ꣬ѾµߵԱߣվŵϢʱڶأ


43 þʧ
ʱת˲ţϢϺڽ̨֮ϵǧ˫ۣĿɨɨվıֱһǧӣҶʱĿ˶٣΢΢ͷȻڶؿǵĽ־ɣ˵꣬תȥ
״һǧæȥһǧ꣬ԱЩ̭ҲǸȥȻ̭ˣǽڻ۲ġ
Ի𣿡
ĳ΢ƣȻҲȥЩŰϵĵҲæȥ
һᣬǧϵĴ£һ޴ԲɫȦǰԲɫȦܴɼǧ˶û⡣ڹȦ棬˸ָķƣҸַƻаĳֹ켣š
Ի󰡣ǰĹȦҶ
ԻҲģ˵Ǻܾǰڵһʦģлзʦ칦ܵķƣΪЩƣһվȥͻһֻþȦֽԻ
ԻĻþ͸ʫǶӲĻþЩ࣬ΪԻֻǿ˵־ڻþ֮ܵ˺ʵ͸ʫǶĻʵܵشģ
ǧתˣԻ󣬴Ӵ߶󷨵һ̿ʼ㻹ѹ̭ڽȥɣ
ԣһǧæԲȦ֮УȻȴþĵ
˶ԲȦǧϳмǣһнΪã˵꣬һӣһŷɵԲȦϿգһ̣ɫԲȦķƸת
һתǰĳһ䣬ǰĳʱҶۿһ¾ͺ
ϤĳУϤĽֵϤʯݣϤһУǰϳǡǰʯݣСסļҡ
ǰһУǳϤǱ۾ߴ·
ҶߵʯǰǸľʣǰľʣҶĿ⽥ʪǰûĸ׾;ľϣĸмһ߻һøȡ
κĿƣʯϣһú̿ıڻҶЩܰҲе㷢ᡣһӵСŮǣһСкСŮССкȻֻǲ֪˭СкԴϻСӣõСкСŮ
Ǳ˻ģġкͷСĶ硣
֨
ʱʯľͷľͻȻ˿ֻһʮСŮʮҵĸŮ˳
СŮСӣһǳɣȴǷǳɾȹӣҶü鶯˫ۣСɵıӣȻƾɣȴڲסա
ͬǴһƾɵȹӣҲǷǳɾʮҵͣüֻۣѾ˷˪ĺۼر˫֣ԶܿϺϼ롣
СŮҶʱСŮ۾һȻ۾һ¾ͺһܵҶǰסҶ磬ôڲŻôڲš˵˵ţСŮѾ
Ҷֽڰãоǰˮʱ˫СŮıϣȻҶʶĵⲻ𣿱ˣڿСͱɻèÿˡ
ҲŲܣҲŲܣ궼һΣ궼ҾͿޣСŮԴҶ꣬
ʱҲߵҶǰҶԴȻָҶգ¶Ȱ֮ɫЩڽڿ㣬ڻͺãȥϲԵǴ⡣
ףҶһᣬٴʪЩܿˣģӽԺҲСܿˡұ֤
ɵӣЦЦֻҪúõģ׾ǳڶ඼Ը⡣ˣѵû˵ЩˣȥǴ⣬ǵǴþˣ
ҲûУʱС̧ͷ
ϻžӨСҶʱЦ
ʵУɫȦֻʣҶһˡ˲ѹΪڻþ֮ѾʧԼ
ʱΧǧ˵ĿⶼվԲȦеҶϣеĿⲻмеֻеĺ棬һ㡣
ǧϿ˿ɫȦǰһʯϵ¯¯ΨһһѾȥ룬ҶȴȻûѹǧ˫ȭ鲻ԽؽͬʱзǳɻҶ־СĥгڣִõȴǴδ־˵
϶˵ΪʲôҶȴûѹҶѾ׳еĻҲӦṋ̃˲ǣȴǻվУƽޱȣΪΣ
ǧɻ󣬾ǷܻҲɻ󲻽⣬̫ˣ
ĳ꿴ųеҶãЩ˼
ԱߵԲҲǵ˵ͷЩ˼
˵ĻЦһ˼־˵ȷЩ˼ͬʱЩҶʲô֮ԼַĲֵ֡
֪ȥ˶֮һҶûѡ
ʱһԭĿĽԴ˫ۣȻߵǧǰǧϱ˱ȭǧϣ¿Ѿٻþ֮УѾûʸΪڵӣӦֱ̭ԭҶЩڴǼҶڻþ˾öûЩʧˡڻþд˾ã־ˣѾûʸҶˡ
ֱ̭̭˵ƾʲô
ǣ־˽ʲô𣿡
ӣѵ֪Ǹǽڵ۵ӣ˵ǰΪŵӣȻ˭Ҳû뵽һ궼ûΪߣ󱻱Ϊ۵ӣ˽ڵһϲĵĳƺţ
ʲô۵ӣ̭̭ҲҪ˳Ϊͬŵӣ
ǣ˳ΪͬţԺȥ˼˵Լǽڵӡ

һʱ䣬ԭĳͻȻн̭ҶĲЩѾص꣬ԱЩ̭ĵӡ
Ѿصĵӽ̭ȻǲҶΪͬţЩ̭ĵӣ壬̭ˣҲ̭˵̬
ǧ俴˽ԴһۣΪԷǵһѹʮʹﵽ߾Ʒԥĺȳһ١һ뵽Է츳ֻѹסеŭȥԴĿɨˣྲнڵĹ涨˵㣬ҵšԸȵģɽȥ
Ϸŭ˶ʱ˵ˣȫôڵǻûȥһųϳ
ԴҲһ֪ǰųϡת˲㲻ˣţֻҪ¶ƣеǳ£뵽⣬Դ˵һԣֻǿҶʱĿⲻơ


44 ū
ʯڣҶûĸһʯͷɵĲǰʯһ˶ǻˣ˶ҶǳϲԵĲˡرмǴ⣬ǲҲС
ȻСǳϲǴ⣬ǳʲôشĽ⣬ǸûлԵΪͥ˵һǳݳ޵¡
磬ԣСһǴҶȻּһżһԼûгԣСͷǿǴȻ¶顣
⺢ӣ԰ɣﻹкܶأСԴ
ҶǱһᣬӿһΣԼб£С׾Ͳ˶ĿˣԼб£СҲͲᱻ۸ˡԼΪΨһӣȴüĸ˶ίԼܰ
磬ѽݵģԼǴ岹ʱСּһǴŽҶ
ѽ۵ĿҶ⺢ڽس˲ٵĿ࣬һЩ˵ҲһǴŽҶ
ԣҶеˮҲ̲סӣǿЦЦȻһǴ
ҶЦЦûгԣǾҶһпС¶ο֮ɫ
һᣬҶǴˡ̧ͷСƽޱȣҲûǰǰ
磬ЩĻţҶǺ޸˫ĿţСЩ£
ôˣǲǲҶЩԾæվĵ
Ҷû˵ֻĿСһۣȻ˫΢գһ̣нѪһءͬʱҶоǰ֧飬΢΢ѣΡ
˼ϢҶ˫ۣˣ˷壬ɫ԰ȦϤһСҶһûȥǼǧ˵Ŀ⣬ֱߵǧǰǧϱ˱ȭȻߵһԳĬ
ǧһȻ֪ҶڻþʲôǴҶϵıӦһֱűģûʧġֻΪʲôûѡѹһᣬǧϱûˡôҶ˾ͺá
ԭϢʱһؿʵǧϵ
ǧϵĻ˲飬Ҳڽʲô̭ȫ͵ϣŽڷʯָ
ҶԶĽԴ˿Ǹով㣬ֿ˿ĬҶȻһиŨŨмǰΪһû뵽ȴǱŵӣһ뵽ǰΪ۵ӵһųϣͷǳĲˬ
ϣֵܼǰʮԴ˵һ䣬ȻջĿ⡣
֮ϣҶܽǰʮΪǰʮĵӻμһԣԲԵõڵĽи壬ǾԽߵľԽױڳϿҿԺܿĽ
ȻϣҶܽǰʮҪĿҪֽѵ¶Է
ĳĿڻþйصĵɨ˽Դϣصˣѵٶ죬ֻ˲ϢӦþǸǰһŽԴˣ
ԱߵԲͬĵ˵ͷ߾ƷʵʵӦǾƷ۷塣ΪŵӺһʱ䣬ƾܽ죬ŰΪŵӺû֣ӦþԺŵһˣ
국ʮľƷ۷壬츳ȷʵ㲻һ£ҲǺǰ;ġֻҿʮ㣬âԣպٲÿͷԡ
ԲЦЦб£аҲǺġ룬Ůûʱҿǲһκ˷Ȼǽ࣬ǹﻹǷǳġҪı䣬͵ñ
˵ͷȻֿҶĬΣܹ죬㿴ǰʱ峺û˿в֤ӽþʼһֱűġֻΪڻþ֮ͣã
ڻþ֮ʲôŮأ˵ĲԲ꣬һֱĬ𡣺Բ˵ǽԴҲ졣˵ҶʱЩ̲סˡ
국ĿһۣͬΪŰϵĵӣȰһ䣬ԶСԼĶ֣
æĵ˵ͷһҽĵı顣ȴǲΪȻǼǵãҶһжӲ˵ġһҵʱ䣬ǿǿʲôزоˣ
УҶ˫΢գûʯʵ˵ǰþ֮еһжӰġǰһķܶĿģΪĸףþ֮гδĸãǷǳ𺳵ġ
һʼֻ֪ǸþȴĲôѹ֪뷨ҪõġΪǰָֻͨ߼ͣУ϶ʮġ
ܵ˵־ģĸáԺ⡣
뵽⣬ҶһοǸûؼһ˰
ʱ֪Ѿȥʱܻʣµһǧٶǰֻһǧ꣬ϵʧ֮ɫΡһһǲ̫ࡣʱҲʱڵſ¾ͻ˵γˡ
ϣڵǼܹεư񣬲Ȼδǰųµܻ꣬૵
Ƭ̣ܻԼ飬Ȼһأʵսɣ
ԣæڲܻ
𣿡ĳ
ԲӺٺЦǸŮǴڶʮأʮǰǰļ¼֪ûսǸŮļ¼
𣿡֪˭˵һ䡣


45 
ūڵһСɽϣɣʮŲ㣬ÿһԼ֮ߣϿ⡣
ķƣЩƲԻЩƣūϵЩƷǳԻЩƴ֮ࡣ⽣ṳ̄ϵķȻûбֻҪһ߶ܸܵЩƵĿֲ
ܻǰĽū¶֮ɫ֮תЩдź𾪵꣬ūǵʦүԴһͬʱҲҽڵ֮֮һдĺôԣԵĻϼ㣬ϵԽ࣬ǾܴԽã

ܻĻȺһɧ˿ūĿĻû뵽ȻһʲôǳԽĲΰȻǱ˵ˣǵؽټģڼ˵еĵβ
˵ЩˣԸ侲ȵҶҲЩǰϵķƣ֪϶һ㣬Ҳû뵽ôȻȻһؽѾʶˣǿÿֲݣΪ֮ϵĵжֲ
ǻȵĿ⣬ܻҡͷЦЦЩ˵ıడ𼤶ˣǼǺҵĻȥ֮ÿһһūսʤūĿһ㣬սܵĻᱻƳÿһ㣬һʱϢᡣ
ܳϣ÷֮Ķ𣿡ʱһȹŮߵ˲ܻǰʵ
ǰŮӣܻ¶͵Цݣϴڻ֮бֵõľǰŮǽԴپϲǣǰʮŮȻҲ߾Ʒ۷壬˷ܲѡ
˵ĿľΪ˿ҵʵս治ʹʯȶܻ
ԣȹŮӶŲܻ˱ȭȻ˵һԡ
һѣõʱһԵĽԴȹŮһۣȻ˵ĺƽ۽ǵ벻мȴ˿Ρ
ȹŮɫһ䣬ԳϹҪԱ˹һôĿֻǣСķͷ
𣿡ԴͻȻЦҼǰĻбֵû֪ûȤһģ
ʲôȹŮüëһĳɻû¹˭
һԵĲܻҲֹȤĿ
ȹŮӵĻԴһӣһѻɫĳУǰѻɫĳԴȻǾͶĵ˭ϵĸߣƷ콣Ϊע
ԴӶҶʧȥȤҵµҶֻЩǰҶȻҲʮﵽ߾Ʒ۷塣Դû˿ļɵǸ˷ܡΪģ϶ԽԺ󲻽ᱻڸ߲ע⣬ڽڽԼСȦҲף
ԴȻóٴһƬȻŮԴĿѾһЩˡԴʵߣ˧־óһֱǸ߸˧
һЩĿҲЩȣ˵ʲôȺáѾ׼ô뽭Դùϵˡ˵Ͷ˵ĵطЩŮս뽣ڣ϶ҪҺÿɽŪһСġ
ǰʵǿָеĽԴںӵ˵һĿɽ
ԴóһҶҲЩ⣬ĶҲУһмƷֻǲöѡ
ȹŮһȻɫָҲʾһӣһöȭͷ󣬺޵ĹӳУֵĳ콣
ȹŮóһöԴҲЩ⡣ȹŮӹɨɨȻԣ
ҲҪһģʱһԵüеڳ𣬵˿ʱһ
˵ĲǱˣҶҶԸǲȥμֶĲģû취ȹŮóʱԭСе˯СһͻȻ˹ȻǿҪҶȥǹŪҶӦҪȥˡ
СһأСһȥҲСһһζһֵ˼Уԣֻμľˡ
ҶǽԴȹŮһЩ⣬һԲܻҲЩ⡣ҶȻʶģΪҶǸСħŮָôˡֻףҶΪʲôμľ֣Ҫ֪ʵԴȹŮӲ˿ɲһ㰡
㣿Դмʲô
ҶҲѵ÷ϻһǱ׳УҲһ˰ɣ
βֹǽԴȹŮˣԱߵҲˡʲôʱͨˣһӾͳѣ
ͬ⣡ʱȹŮӺȻ˵ڽԴˬˣ££ýԴˬ
ȹŮͬ⣬ԴһȻǾһ˵꣬ڿҶ
ǰԴļһҶҲûʲôøУҲֱӽԴȹŮ΢΢ͷǴк
ȹŮӼҶԼкԥ£ȻҲ΢΢ͷǴк
ʱܻЦڲƵ֮໥ƴֻھѹ£ǲܿٳɳҪסһ㣬Ծԣǲڱº֡һǶͬº֣ŻὫǷϵΪڣмǣ
ԣæͷȹŮ뽭ԴҲæͷ˿顣
˵ͷܻĵ˵ͷȻЦˣм¸һ¡һεŵУһ˴˶ʮɼҽڰõĳɼϣ˴¼ڣ


46 
Ҷս뽣ūǰĳͻȻת˫ʱѾվһտĴڣֻ֮гһ¥⣬ʲôûСҲûУһЩ˶С
ҶɻʱͻȻǰ֮һӰˣӰֳһȫڣòҶоǰӰ
ǽūҶ
뵽⣬ҶһУȻʩչ粽һ磬ó˻еĴ־
Ҷնֵһ̣ĺӰҲˡֻҶǣǺӰ˾ȻҲʹõĻеĴ־Ҳƻǳٶȣһģһ
Ҷ룬ٶȶȻӿ죬һӰ˵ĳɣȻһ˺Ӱǰ
ҶУӰ˶ʱɢ
һɱūҶûе⣬ΪūֻƷʵ
ԭسĬһᣬҶĽūģ¿˵ĳУǸĺõطֻһĽū̫һЩ˵꣬Ҷ˶¥
Ҷ¥ʱ¥ѾվūūʵһǸûʲô𣬶ƷֻǱһ
Ҷûԥʣʩչ˼粽룬ʩչ粽ǰūҲڵһʱʩչ˼粽
ȻūҶõһūͬǱɱƷĽūҶ˵ûʲôвԣ
⣬ܻмһɫ֡˿ʱ˴㣬ӦǽԴѩһ
ڲܻԵķ˵ͷЦεȥĲһЩǰ꣬ϵҲ̫ࡣʮ߾Ʒǽں΢һ£ӦúܿܳΪ졣
ܻͷЦܹڽİ˸Ϊ죬ӦþܸμưļȥضȻǲȥ䣬ǿţҲкܶôģ
˵ư񣬷Цϻ˵ưҽڵǼûпɱȥ
ܻҲɫĬãżûߵҲ˵ܣŵǸŮӦǿԵġȻǰǹŲҽڣ
ǰٷ֮ٻҽڵģǽҲҪη塣ֻԪβ֪᲻ҽڣҪ֪ǰҽڲҰܣоԪŵӰӣ
ܻ׼˵ʲôʱһֱĬǧͻȻһǿѾ˵ھŲ㣡
ԣ̧ͷȥֻʱǽūмѾֳһ֣ʮһ
ʮһĲǱˣҶһ·ѾڵˡһֵһƷūڶĲʱֵĽūͲƷˣ߰ƷͬģԴƣڵھŲ㣬Ҳ߾ƷĽū
ҶϵھŲ㣬ӭѳū߾Ʒ󣬽ūѾûڰĳзʽУó
ܵѳϮҶɫ䣬粽óһԱƳһɵľ롣ҶƿūٶȲҶ˹ȥ
ҶҴ⣬ҽ͵̤أ洫뼲粽˲ұߵһūǰû˿ԥֱֱĶŽū˹ȥǽūûз߸񵲣ͬһҶǰͬ򷨡
ҶȳУҶĳȴ̼Ǹū֮Уһ̣ǽūĳҶǰڳҪ̵ʱֻҶͻȻᶯһ£ȻһͻȻҶֻһūĳɡ
һ֣ҶҽһţιһƮмǸūǰҶûǰǸǽٶ˼£һƷڽūδӦʱʹ˽ūǰ
ūʧҶתѾǰһūڽūеĳһ˲䣬ֻкһһ֪ʱѾ˽ūǰ
һūʧҶһòϣеȷһĺõطԭĻѾǴԲˡһ·ڷеһЩȱݡ
ҲܾңΪ﷢֣ȻԺ˶ԵбرǶԵеǸ֣ǾǷǳġ
ϢһᣬҶ¥ݿڣǰĳūʮӦþ쾳ˡҶΪⲻܣʮͳ죬Ǵʮļһ̫ˡ
ûж룬Ҷ˵ʮ㡣ʮʱֻһūֻһūҶС⡱һɣ
ҶߵūǰʱҶʱһΪǰū죬һ߾ƷĽūֻϵϢǰľƷūǿ̫ˡҶãһū߾ƷĽūҪǿ
ãֻҪ죬Ҷ˵Ͳ̫Ѷȡ
Ҷųǰһ׼ֽūʱͻȻūеĳȻҶƾһһѩ׵ĽͬҶ
ͻĽõҶɫһ䣬˵жǿ󣬶Ǵӵһ㵽ھŲĽūûʹýģǰһȻʩչ
룬ҶһǵȻʩչ˼粽˽ū
һþԴһ̴һūæ˵ϣϢ˴Լʱվ¥ݿڣӦǵһʮ˰ɣ˵⣬뵽ʲôЦһֵȻҴģ׳գ˵겻¥ݿڡ
ڽԴ̤ϵʮʱѩȹŮҲ˵ʮ㡣ҶȴѾ˵ʮ㡣


47 
ʾʮʱܻ϶ʱЦܹʮ㣬ǾʹԷʵûаˮ֣Զͬ׵ߡҪ֪ʮԺĽūʩչڵһЩмߵսʶġʮ㣬ʵ
Ȼϵʮ㣬ǿȻˣ찡һĺ૵
ԱߵĻӻǰҵĳҲΪţҲ֪ĺͨǰмףڵͱ̭ˡԷȻϵʮ㣬ÿµʵ
ӦþǸԴɣ˵ڽѩǱΪܳţʵӦò١
ԣԱߵĻź걧˱ǫ̃̄˵ĵطҳڣʵҲֻһ㣬ҸõĿɽԺڽڻᱻ裬⽭ԴΣ
΢΢üĬą̃˵ȥͶǽԴ
ǽύЦŽڿ϶ҲС壬ǺβҲһС壿õʱ㿴ΧЩ꣬ѾΪŵӣǶδãʱȥύǾԸ⣡
꿴˿ΧȻʱĵȻѾأȴûжϲãϹ޵ǳ
һᣬŻ걧˱ȭ³̨γƺ
»ʣ
֣Ժź󣬻գ
ҲֻǱһѣʵ»֮ϡ
˵ЦˣҵʵԼϵ㣬֤Ǿ绹սǸҵģ
˳֣ͱ˵Щˡ㿴ֳǸϿȥύύˣ͵˼ˡ
á
ʮþУҶеĳŽūϹҶǿ籩Ĺ£ūԴ·磬ֻܲмܷҶûиūĻᣬӽٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ

գҶҵһһūĳȻһڣֱ룬һ˽ūϣūʱɢ
ŽūɢҶЩū£ҵĻԽԽˡҵٶǿһЩ»ļΪֲ
ǰҶΪЩūս󣬸֤ʵǰ뷨ܵľ㣺һٶȣһֻҪ㷢ӵ£ǾǶֵجΡ
Ҷûм¥ȥվԭأ˫۽գǰ뽣ūĽֳӵʮ㿪ʼÿӮһūԼսеĴ򷨡ã˫ۣ¶⽣ūǿһЩҿ»ԴūȴûץסԼ಻㰡
˵꣬ҶһȻ˵ʮ㡣
ʮҲֻһūҶɫȴԵЩءΪūȵʮǸūҪǿֹãʮǸūΪ׼ȻʮǽūǾеˡ
ûжĻҲûжĶ򵥵һ˽ūսʼ
һþĵʮУԴսɾͱҶҶˡԴû뽣ūսڶԺ佣һһнݺᡣ

Դһע⣬ūһǰԴûбͳūΪ洩һסˣҲǾĽԴһ亹
ģūǲ޾ȻʩչԴһ뽣ūԺţһа
ūѾһʱˣκβūΪūʩչĽãūսʶҲǿ̫ˡǰڼｫڹţսҲû˻սһսʶǿֲĽūȱͺޱ¶ˡ
ãȻսʶһЩܡΪūվǽūȻսʶվȴû˴
һʱ䣬һһūһ
һȹŮӵĻþȹŮҲؽԴö٣һûˮ֣սʶ߾Ž׽ū˵ҲЩѵġû٣ԽսԽС澳гѶ˵Ǽҳ㷹
˽ʮĲˣ
⣬ŰϵһһָеǸֵ
ڳŰϵȥʾġʮġʱ˶ʱˡ
ʮĲ㣬Ǿ˵ԷʵѾͬ޵ˡҪ֪ʮĲ֮е߾Ž׽ūǼΪֲġֻҪһ㣬ǾƽŰڶҲǺԲ굱ļ¼ˡ
ط㣬нԴ겻ȻʮĲˡԲźЦϹʮĲ㣬֪ѶȣнԴŨŨȤ
ʮ˵ɣƽޱȣ
ʮˣϵʮˣ껰˵꣬ŰϵһָϵĴ֣˷ܵ
Σ궯ˡ
ʮ壬ʮ壬
Ǹֱʮ壬ܻϺ޷ȵĴЦǲܻ𣬾һԵǧϺЦ
ϵʮ㣬ʲôǾʹָҪԷ䣬꣬Ǿܴڲμһư
ưĵӴʲôδϣ˴δϣĵӣβ
һᣬܻͻȻ뵽ʲôתͷʷϷ룬ڻʣˣ
ԣûǴĻֻʣˣˣֱǽԴѩģ˵⣬ǧϣҶǸ۵Ҷ
ĻһԵĲܻҲǧϡҶЩӡģڼҶȻڣҲЩġ
ǧۺ룬ϵЦޱȻˣһֱûгڻУ
ԣܻɫݣһ㶼ǵʮ㣬Ҳ˵ǸҶ˵ʮ㡣ܽʮˣʵ츳ҲǷǳˡЩɻΪʲôҶǰһ궼ûΪأ
ʱһӰб˳ǧϵһ˹ȥǸзĶҶʱǧ϶ʱһҶʮ㣬ǾʹڵʵҪǰʮӦûʲôѵģǣϣҶܹϼ㡣
ʮˣʮˡ֪˭һ䣬ʱˣȺŰϵĵӶˡ


48 
ʮҶûȳ֣ȫעĶŶԷڵʮ֮Уһ֣ǾȳֵȻռȻҲȴֻҪٶ죬ɱԷ
Ҫ
һᣬūȳˡūûʩչʲôһҶ̳һһȴǷǳ죬쵽Ҷ
ūĽҶǰһʱҶųֶ˶ȻūĽҶִͣȻ󣬽ū屡ֱɢ
Ҷƽ·ǰûйһ㡣˫΢գǰһã˫ۣѣһأԺоͽкƣ˵꣬ҶЦ
뽣ūֶУҶ⡣кϬҲи㣬ǾԼٶԷһҪܹʱץסԷȻǾǺˡԼٶҶǷǳĵġ
ûϢҶ˵ʮ߲㡣ڵǳϣսֻͨսܹһĻֻвսܹԽԽǿ⽣ūĽūõ
Ҷ֪̤ϵʮ߲ʱ˶ˡЩԭĸŰϵĵҲˡҪ֪֮Ҳûϵʮ߲ġ
ʮ߲㣬ʮ߲㡭ǽѩܳţԺҽһˡ
ܻٴκĴЦǰģС˵־ֱû
ڲܻԵķǧһۣȻЦҡҡͷ˵ܻ𣬾Цˡʮ߲㣬Ů⣬˵ʮõĳɼˡ
ԱߵЩûвܻǰ㼤еֻݡǿЩū߲úöмܲסˡ˾Ȼʮ߲㣬ʵжֲ
ڳ˲Ǽ𾪣ֻһǾŰ֮е𡣴һʼעҶҶڶûгҲ˵Ҷߵ˵ʮ㡣
ϵʮ㣬ǾʹԷʵ츳ǼΪģǲġҪ֪ҲֻڵʮѡһҶΪŵӣõԴ㲻ڶʱڳҲһ鷳
¶ԼŽūɫ૵
ʮ߲УҶûȳ֣ǽūȻҲûг֡ҶЩ֣ѵ⽣ūܿͼ
Ҷûȥˣ˫΢գȫע˿Ĵ⣬ΪĽūǿɢϢ⽣ūڵǸսĻǾǸɲūġ
Ҳ˵ūʵͬ׵ǿǱͬ׵ҲǿҶ˿Ĵ⣡
Ҷȳ֣ūҲ֣һһū
һ߽ԴĻþԴòսʤʮĽū˵ʮһ㣬ܵʮһĽūʱԴɫʱΪūʵȵʮǿ̫ˡ
ĬãԴһʮҽԴҪ¼˵꣬ڱȫϢͻȻ
ڽԴϢǵһ˲䣬ٴɫһ䣬ܻʧ죬ڽ죡
һＤǧˣһ̣Ѿˣˡ
ʱһӰͻȻ˳˶һȴǸѩŮӡԱҪȥѩʱǲܻͻȻһѩԣȻҪȥѩŮӻ˻֣ʾԷ¡
ܻųڵϵѩǻȣ˫ֶʼ
ܻģǧҲЩԾǵȻΪܻǿŮӡѩԣʱ˶ʱܻһģˡ
ʱѩϣΧ쳣ѩ䱾ϢҲڽڽ˵˶֪ͻƵǰࡣѩѾ߾ŽףͻǾˣ
뵽⣬ڳ˶һ
Ѿһǿߣ⻹һڽ죬Ҫ찡
ŰԲʮ죬⣬ѵŮ
ԱߵطҡҡͷʮȷʵˡֻҪŮȣ»ҪࡣŮڴ⽣ūʱûдﵽءûдﵽ죬ȴܹڶʮ㣬ǴʲôԷ˾սʤ쾳
Բͬص˵ͷȷŮֻ쾳磬ȴ߾ǿ߽֣츳¾Ԫ֮жǷǳˡȻ죬Ҫ뵱Ƿ˾Ů֣˶Ҫܵģ
ô˵츳ǲģԺ䣬һưӦþǿˣط㵭
ȷʵư񰥣ҲҪŬˣȻԺȥҲǵڻҵĴڡ
ʮ߲УҶûжǽūҲͬһ㣬һ˽Ѿˡ
ĳһ̣ҶͻȻ˫ָֻֽۣŽūһһ˲˽ūǰ
һɢūûж
Ҷ˽ūûʩչٶȣһ㣬˽ūߵūǰɵķΧʱūˣкһȻһ˸ɭ亮ĽѾҶǰ
ڽūֵһ˲䣬ҶҲˡ
ݣ
һƷȻūĽͣҶȻ󣬽ū建ɢ
ūɢҶ˲ӣһ£Ȼһָմŵʺ졣
ԼٶȻЩϵĵʺ죬Ҷ૵ūĽУֻҪһ㣬͵ֹʮ߲ˡ
ûϢҶ̤ʮ˲̨ס


49 ս
⣬˵Ŀⶼмϡһ̣һڽѩˡ
ȻѩĽ죬ϵʮ˲𺳡Ҳڳ˻ǽūģ֪ĿֲرǲܻϣǺʮ˲ʲô
ūҪĿǲ˵ǱǱ˵磬һ˵սǱȱܹԽףԽսҲûС仰˵Щߵ˵ʵսһǾ͵ǿ
粻ǺһʵΨһ׼ҲԵĺôģǾǿ϶ҪȾ͵˶ġҵһĳЩʱӵһЩ
쾳쾳֮Աȷ˾ǿΪﵽܹؼεɽڣںһǿȻۣʹ֮ѭӶؼ׳Ȼ塣
Ǿ仰Ⲣ쾳սʤ˾˲ȱ⣬ȱĹඥܹڷ˾ﵽ쾳Ч
ҶСУСĽɫһĶɫ壬ĳֽǶ˵ʵѾ쾳ˡĳЩ쾳ǿ
ܻ֮𺳣ΪΪԴʮ˲սģԷ˾ʮ߲㣬Ȼڵʮ˲н죬ʹ˽ԴǿսǱǿ츳Ǳ
һʮǿߣһԷ˾ʮ߲㣬ڵʮ˲ţܲ
ȥ֪ͨŮ˵Ҫļ¼ˣط㿴ϵ֣૵Էûдﵽܴʮ߲㣬Ѿ죬ԶԷսʮӦò̫ѡ
һûԥתͳһӶȥ
ʮ˲УҶеĳϻ裬һӰ̶ƷĶֽūҲʾеĳԲҶӽٶȲϻ衣Ѿˣ
ʮ˲ĽūʵҶˣرٶȣʮ߲Ľūǿ˲֪١ûкˣȻκܾܿˡҲͬھΪūĳٶ̫ˡ
ûпĻûʮɽûǰЩū֣϶ˡ
˶ûýʲôʽҵҴ㵲Ȼ˽ľ룬Ҳû취ʹʲôΪκνҪʱģȱľʱ䣬˭ʩչ˭϶һģ
ūãֻսʶûκεò˵ʱ̣ûǻ۶Խū˵һŵ㡣Ϊţ־壬սκθ
ҶͻˣȻȫעļвУǸеһЩǻУֻѹסˡ
־ȥ϶ֲ֧ȥġ
ȥˣгҶ
뵽ҶһڽūĽϣϵ峯һԾҶһԾһ˲䣬ūץסᣬϣеĳ콣ӰҶ
콣ӰϮҶɫ䣬гֶ˽ūһҶūɣڳɵһ˲䣬Ҷ˶ȭͷ͵س˽ūǰһȭ˽ūĳһȭ˽ūǰ
ͻȭͷõýūһ٣Ȼû뵽ԷȻȭͷܿͷˣгһһһֹĽǶȴҶǰ
־ʤһ˲䣬ڽūһ٣ҶȭѾֱֱ˽ūǰūĳҲҶǰֻūոմ̴ҶƤͱҶȭͷϵľĵɶ
ҶȭͷսӴūǰһ˲䣬ҶȭΪָһŽū뽣ū˳ȥУūٶ½͸ū建ɢ
ڽū볤ɢһ˲䣬һĨѪҶǰ˳
Ȼ֪ǻþ˲ڸղһ˲䣬ҶǸоϢʮ߲ʱһһ㣬ͬ͵ֹˡ
ҶǰūɵĳȻ˵ϣҼ
εսҶ֪ĽѾղŵĽūУĽ಻ĵطĲٶȲܶʱֻܷܽʹʱȴܼʱ
Ĳڲ侲ر·ʱԼһȻӮⳡսĳġ
˵ս⡣Ϊϲģܹ̬꣬㲻Խȡʤūڽһʱ仹ǿԵġģͽ֣ҶϲԼ翵ϡ
ҵս黹Щ٣γȥԺлһҪʵսȥʮɽֻڲϵ֮УҲԽԽǿδǸʲôưɱһ·
ܽҶվȻ˵ʮŲ㡣ʮ˲Ľūʵǰ͸ܵˣ˵쾳ǿġʮŲֻǿֵز
Ҷṳ̂ȥˣԭڵϣýɫ޸ǰǸ˿ڡһ֣Ҷ˿Ĵ⣬ҪѪ״̬ȥƴȻʮŲпܾһ㡣
ҶϢʱ򣬵ʮĲУԴս˽ʱ󣬲ڽū¶һʱūһ̴ҲǱޱȣʱҲûĴȫ·ѾãϸмѪۣսūɵֱֱ̱˵ϡ
ڴ˼ñ̬Ľūñ̬սȻɱ쾳ǰ˵ȱݣġ׵ģõҩ죡
ǵģģ֪ȱݣǷˡΪһڽѩ˵ʮ߾ƷѾǳˡʮأ
ʮ죬һ˵ϷǳˡΪԼŵһ¥ջǷ˵ҩԼľ졣ˣģ϶ᱻūŪǱ

Դ̾һȻʮ㣬ԥһ£¶˼ᶨ֮ɫȻѾõһˣһ㣬϶ǵýڳע⣬һҪʮ㣡˵꣬Դڵϣָ


50 죡
壬
֮һȽϱ̬棬һεѹƽ붴еˡһһϢܴ̳ʮǽУͱ׼һĻֻܴ̳彣
ʱ֮УһɫƤȹŮвϻеĳŮӳļ˵Ǻջˮ
ǵģŮӳһźջˮһĵüĿȻ˫ĿȴǷ·һ̶ˮ۲ת䣬ȻɡΪԭ޵Ǵһ֬΢΢غɫʢ÷ޱȡ
Ůϵ׺ɫƤȹ䱩¶ϰ벿VͣǰһԷ޼ɵ¶˰ߣ໥ţһĹֺȻŮǰ
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޵ԸȻģŮӻ£޲ɢ˷ջ
ȻЩҪģҪǴʱı߱ҲǶʮʮ£ŮӵĽȴûа·Щһ㣡
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Ŵ򿪣Ůӳ˶ڡȻŮӳǽзֵȴ΢ü۵ʹû̧ͷŮӡ
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ԺŰϳ⣬ӼǰŮ·߾ǵͷ·ڡ
ŮһڿȻһԱߵӣ˵ɣʲôҸȤ£ҰƤ
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Ůƽޱȣ̰ʵĿŵ˾Ʒʮ߲㣬ʮ죬˵츳Ͽԡ˵⣬Ů΢ƣһĨЦݣ˵ûսʤʮŲ㲻šңֻ߾ǿ߸ȤԺΪСңξ㣡˵꣬Ůת߽˶С
ǹرŶڣҡͷЦЦ츳ȻֻϿԣȻЩˣ֪Ů˵ʵҴŮǰĻУ֪쾳Ѿˡ
ʮ˲Ļþ֮УҶ˫ۣȻ˿ǰʱǰū˴ڽɫ޸Ѿ
˿ѺãҶ̤˵ʮŲ̨ס
ǰһʮŲֻͬһūȻҶūɫǰδеΪǰūɢϢѾ߾Ʒķˡ仰˵ǰū쾳
Ȼˣ찡ǰūҶ
ǰܻ˵һ仰һ˴˶ʮ㡣Ҳ˵սʤ˵ڶʮĽūֹڶʮһ㡣ʮŲĽūѾǿߣûаˮֵǿߣǵڶʮǿֻǿʲô̶ȣҪǣصҲֻǷ˾
ڼūһ̣Ҷǰʮ˲ǵԵ˲ʧĸɸɾ²ûдǰδеս⡣
ƾʲôҲ죿ûˮֵ쵽жǿ
ҶתڵһͬеǱɫ˲ǱһѷŵĽɫ
һ̣Ҷû˿һ̣ҶȫԸ
ŽɫҶǰһ̤һһźĳѾҶĲӴٶȣҶûп壬ֻƾΣıʶԱһ
ҶһԣȻǱȴͬƹ֮ڶ̶һ˲ʹ̳ʮǽ
Ҷɫ䣬콣ūĻҪǿܶడ˿и⣬Ҷ˱м

жʱһཻͬһ֡
Ǹոս棬Ҷʹ˾Ե·硣
ǰūĽֱҶ̫࣬ûκζĶͬһ㣬Ǽ򵥵Ĵ̡򵥵ĴõҶͷƤ飬Ϊٶ̫죬˱˱߸⣬ûУ
һ̣ҶȫѹŴ
ãҶȻھԵ·磬ͷȴǷǳ侲ûͬʮŲǰļꡣ
ͷ侲˼Ҷھڰ˼֪ȥû˿ʤ㡣
뵽⣬ҶһĨȻͬʱгмܣֱӴǿߣͬھķʽ
ȻҶͬھķһ̣ǰ쾳ǿ߶Ȼı˽У΢΢һסҶĳȻƲֱ룬Ҷǰ˹ȥ
ųϮҶ¶һĨȭֱһȭų˹ȥͬʱһתǱū񵲿ĳٴδ˽ūǰ
ͣ
ū̴Ҷ֣Ҷûȥ֣һϲΪĳڿҪ̵ūǰˡȻҶҪ̵ūǰʱǽūȴȴǶȻȥ㿪ĳ
˵ĹУūгҶһһɫ˲Ҷǰ磡
ͻĽõҶɫٴһ䣡


51 
Ҷû뵽Լõͬھķʽû˵ԷԷ̴ԼƣҶԷ˵Ĺ֮оȻܸһսʶֲ̫ˣ
룬ҶгǰһҶгҵһɼǿľ£Ҷȡ
ڽɢһ̣ԭ˵Ľū֪ʱֳҶǰ뽣ūһֵĻнūеǱޱȣֱָҶǰ
ڴĻᶼ
ųִҶЩѻ𡣲ҲЩǰū¶ץ̫׼ˡ⽣ūսʶĺֲܿ
ҶɻûҪͶʩչ粽ԱһͬʱһɫҶжȻֱ׷Ľū
ūûжǶҶǵɫ˹ȥȻ⽣ūֻ֪ҪٶǽҲǿɢġνūСҶĽɫ

һڳֻǵɫֱӶūĳڳĽū
ūƺҲЩ⣬΢΢һ٣ܿͷӦˣһŤ㿪ҶĽɫ
ԼĽɫȻǿҶһϲ˵гָֽϻ裬ʮɫͬһŪ˽ū
սҶû˿ӮūֻýѹƶԷȻѰԷһҶģҲġֻ뷨Ǻõģʵǲпġ
Ҷʩչһ̣ǽūͬӳʮɫʮɫȻһһԵҶЩɫ
һĻҶԭ¶һЦݶʱɢޱȷˣʩչ£ǽūȴܹʮȥĽʲôūĿԽĿԶԶ
䡭
߽ײʱȻɢ
ҶûʩչˣеĳѾĽū˹ȥһ߰Ʒ϶Ǳȹһ쾳ĽūġƴսҲƴȻǾֻƴˡ
Ҷȫ˷ٶȱȽūһ㣬̫࣬ҪĴ򷨣Ȼǳ·磬ȴǲǰ㱻ѹŴˡҲ˴̶ۣһᣬϵ·Ѿã¶һѪۡ
ҶûȥϵЩƣֻһͷǾսҪս̵ңҲ̵㣬˭Ҫ
һ̣ūȱٴα¶˳ǽūսʶûκθһŵ㡣ͬģҶǰѳҪ̵Էʱȸ񵲿ҶĳȻȥҶ
ҲΪҶԽսԽ£ԽսԽҪҶֲ֪ʲôʱڵĽɫȻ޸ЩˡҶЩ˷ܣû뵽ɫȻԶ޸塣޼ɵˡ
ŵӿ˿ʼڣѾȥ졣죬ū˲ûм٣ԽԽˡһЩų϶ˡ
ūֻʣˣһҶһǽԴȻҶڽūмֵڣ˻Ϊҵ˼ǸţҲǽԴϡ
ڣҶѾΪѩԴĹâڸסˡ
ϻǸԴ߾ƷʮŲˣʲܻҲһųϣʮңг·磬ƹõһϡԭŸûʲôȤģܹ߾Ʒʮ߲ʱסˡ
ܻۺ룬ЦȻʮ찡ҽںú츳Ǳ϶һư񣡡
ԣ·ҲЦŵ˵ͷԭΪŵвʲôû뵽Ȼˣҽڲˣһ˭
ܻû˵ԱߵǧæҶǵǵǷ̲ĵҶϷ˵ˣҶʲǻţ棬ϴ˵ʮ㣬ϵʮ㣬˵˵㲻ţ
ǧ˵Щ⣬С˵־ģҲҶûٱЩųȡЦǸԴڣҶεļ֣Щų˵ǳĴ
ǰɣ·Щţһ궼ûΪߣһǵΪ۵ӣ˾ã
ǧЦһȻϼһҶ
һԵĲܻЦЦǧ˵ûСȷʵУܼ˾ãȷʵҺ⡣ǧҲ⣬ȻǱȽԴѩǲࡣ
ҿɲôΪǧϷԵԴѩ츳ȷʵҶҲ˵ˣʮŲָ˭أ˵꣬ǧ϶ʱЩˡܻýԴѹҶЩˬһʱڿ죬˵ֻ
ԣܻʱЦЦһ󣬵ǧҲҶһģͶڵʮŲ˭ҳһ׽ϻ׵ɷϻô
ܻĻԱ߼ųһܻ׵ɷڽڿǳģǽϻװʮѻƽƷڽϻзʦһƷ˶Եʱʮ˲һÿֲݡ
ǧЩ𾪣Ҳû뵽ܻȻ籦´ĽϻġҪ֪ܻǸϻǱҪƽʱǼųҪģ
ģ̌ͷ˿ūȻֿ˿ϷʵĲܻ֪ǲģϼһԺ϶ڳЦ
Ҫʲôǧϳ
ԣܻЦǧӦ֪׽ϻӮˣҲҪҪǱƷķƽô
ܻĻΧ϶ʱҡҡͷܻҿڡǧϵǱƽڽųȦͬǳģһƷ滹зƴʦġ˵Ǳƽڣǧϱʵɣ
ǧؿھţĲᡣܻһƽҪҪҪ֪ƽʮҹĵ£ѾһЩͨ滹ƣ˵һ֣ʧȥʵüΡ
ԣôȥأ
Ҫܾʱһ𣺡ͷģȻССۣ


52 ս
˵ĲǱˣǱΪֺСһǽƷ巭˸׳죬첻ҵүүıⲻҵүүıȲҶˡ
ֻû뵽ҶȻμſˣõһʱûСһıЩˬΪСһץһŵŵӴ˽ū
յū˲ܻĻˬˡССۣǱ˲УСۿʦܣΪС۵ʦ㣬ôñСʦأ
ⲻʱܻĿͷǳˡ
ΧЩһСŮȻҽųͷЩ𾪣ųϰǿ߾ǿ߰ǿСŮСַǳɰ궼㿪ڽѵˡ
һ̣ǼͷǳԼûΪи߸ϵļųϼСŮʱųԭϵıˡǷǳȣȻǷǳɬЦķǳǿ
ôˣܻϼ˸ЦݣЦĺǿ
һͷղŲ˵Ҫ𣿱ģ
СħŮҲܻԱߵļųæԱƣܻ𱣳һľ롣ЦСħŮ˭ҵ
ϼһĶܻȻЦǿЦģղڿЦûж£ĸҸģӮֲá
ԲŹܻ˫ͷǲǿ𱦶
СħŮƺҪˣܻƤһап֪࣬Ҳʲôģ
ʱһԵǧֻǣܻǲǿ𱦶
ԱߵļҲæ͵ԼͬĶվ˱ߡ
ܻżųϣ۾Ҫư
ʱֵͷ⸱ģǲԿġɣˣүү׽ϻһ׽ˣֻҪ׽ϻͿˣô
棿ܻ۾ЩϻѾһ׽һ׽ֵһֹҪǱᵽүүүү˭˲֪ǿʦʦƣĿ󰡣
ֹܻ𣬾Աߵļ϶Ķˡϵʦƣǵսߺܶİ˻ûȥұģǸұȫһĸ
ҪñүүǼͷȥӱǾҪˡ
Ŀ˲ܻһۣƭ㲻ɣ˵ˣһ׽ѣүү־ͽˣ
ãҶˣβܻûһ˿Ϊѵˣ෴ϻЦķǳá
ʱԱߵļϿܻĿⶼЩĽˡܻӮˣɾ׬ˡܻ䡭ǲܻ𣿲СҶ֪ǸʮŲжѡһ߰ƷܴʮŲ㣿˵ǣҶһǧ϶Щš
ΨһŵľǱˡʵǸʲôʮŲȫûиܻ֮ģֻΪҶһģô򵥶ѡ仹ӮҲأ˼Сһϣ
Ҷʱɲ֪ı˶ˡ֪Ҳûȥܡ
ʱҶȫ¶ˣϵ·ѾòĶֽūҲòȥͬҲ˿ڣֻǱҶһЩˡ
Ҷ֪Լ뽣ū˶ãֻֻ֪Ҫһע⣬ԷͻһľȫעȻòҪķ뽣ūս
ò˵ս˿ٳɳ뽣ūֵڣҶĻѾܣԽūٶҲӦˡȻǴ·磬ѾûǰǰǱһ˽ūΣ
Ҷٴ֤Լ뷨ǾΨսܹ˿ٳɳǿ
ҶţûǰڵսĻûǰܵģ
ֹ֪ȥʱҶԭ·𽥱뽣ūˡཻǴеΨһɡ
ֹȥʱҶѾȫռϷ磬ūҶȫѹƣͬҶ֮ʱǰ㣬ֻȴǷ
ս˾ãҶû¶ƣ̬ԽսԽ˷ܣԽսԽΪ֣뽣ūսУʵɿšԼĸ͸ūʽҲȫϤˡ
֪֪ˣҶԽūʽĳϰѾȫ͸ռϷ磬ȫѹŽū
ʵеĽūƣҲƣҪǿūĶ֡ūĶЩʵ꣬ȱͲᱩ¶ŷǱѰսʶûиơ
Ҷֶ֣ǵȱͻᱩ¶ҶսܹʵܹԽսԽǿūܣľսʶǹ̶ģǶǿǶǿûһʼҶעñ硣˵ǽūһȱ㡣
ȻһŽūսʶǿҶսĻҶ϶ҪܵġΪҶ˼ҲҶϤ˼ҵʽϰߣ˼Ҳᡣ£ڼҶ籾͵ͣ϶ûʤĿܵġ
ԣūȱŵֻǶˣǿ㣬ŵ㡣
ֹȥһʱĳһ̣Ҷץס˽ūһķʽһ̴˽ūšҲ˴ۣǾشҲūһ˽ȥ
ŽūɢҶһһƨ˵ϣȻڴڴš
һս˵ⱲӴһսˣսûࡣսԿﲻﰡֻս
һʱҶ˫ۣԼشѪѾֹסֻһССİ̺ۣѾûʲô󰭡
ڵСеǸʲôڰǸ˿ڣҶò˵СвĽɫֲ̫ˣ޸˿ڣ
ˣͷȻֱ
Ҷûȥˣ¥ݿڿһۣȻϣʼ޸˿ڡ
ʮŲѾ˿ֲڶʮֻǿĺֵز


53 ڶʮ㣡
һŮĳţ
仰֪˭˵ģŶˡԭſûȤһЩŵӶŷ˽ūһЩڱչĵ볤϶ԵѾ˳
һʱ䣬ūǰδе֡
ʮ죬⽣ūǸԴǽѩǰѵһŰ
ǰʮƷ˼ʮѾﵽˣ˱˰
˽ҽԭѾһŮһԴҴҪ𰡣
Ǹ۵Ҷܹ˾ãʵ츳⣬Ӧû뽭Դѩһμһư񣡡
ʮʮӶΪ۵ʱһӳЦû뵽̶ʱ䣬˼ҾѾǣ
ǰҲָ֪ʱû棬ǳϾ˵ҪڶҶ𣿡ңҾԻ˵Ը
ߣ츳ôнԴڣעΪһģ
ʦܣ⻰ЩʵζҲʵһŮŰϵȫ޹⣬һ˽ԴǸսѩʦ۵ҲֻΪҶˣ

ԽԽ࣬ԽԽܻЦҡҡͷЩһΪ˿ţȻˡûֹΪϢ϶Ҳġ
ͷСʲôʱʱŲܻЩʵǵ˺þõģͷ˵СкôĻͽȥ˾ˡ
ǰСħŮܻͷۣʵܺ棬СħŮΪʲôǸҶҪأһǸҶƴӵӡ
ͷ㻰أС治ʲô°ɣЩǵ
ܻæЦ᲻ᣬһҲôΪʲôҲǺҹƣӦҪˣ
ܻ𻰸˵꣬ūһ˸ȻһӰͱ˳
ˣˣǸ۵ӳˡ
ԱߵӵĽܻЦⲻͳͻȻܻȻֹΪΧ̫ˣǸСħŮĿֲˡ
ܻʶĳԱ߿˿Χ˶ߵļ϶ǷǳĿ񿴵һ㡣ܻüͷһ壬˱ƳǵӰ˵òʱܻʱǡ
ū˹һĻЩֵȫûˣ˶ķǳˣ˵Ǵľ
Դʹ˰ԴԴеθʧ˫ۣǰһĻʱҲסˡ˶һ˳˳ĿĪ
ܿ죬Դ¶˲õЦݣ룺϶Լĳɼ̫ˣȻЩˡҲǣԼǿߣһʮ㣬ܲ𣿡
뵽⣬ԴվȻߵ˲ܻǰŲܻ˱ȭϣҴʮ㣡˵仰ʱԴƽ͸¶İȴ쳣ԡ
ԴĻܻڻعˣûлشԴֻǿ˽ūʧ㣺ôܣôܡ

ʱͻȻһЦЦĲǱˣǧϡǽԴһ̣;ҵԴĻȷˡһ̣ԼЦй˳
˶ˣرǼϡ߰ƷʮŲ㣬ʲô
˻ϲ𾪣ɻ˳
ʱĽԴͷǳɻȫһͷˮûеĻûе˳ݣûеİͽֺáˣΧеӿĿҲǹŹ֡
ɻˣ̧ͷϵǸְɣʱѾѩߵ˽ԴԱߣ
ʵ˵ǽԴʱҲǷǳ𾪣ǰ㣬ԭҲΪʮŲǸǽԴȻ˶ˡ𾪹ܿͽˣΪȽԴԸվҶߡ޹ֻƷ֡
Դûѩ̧ͷУǡʮšʱԴ˫۶ʱԲϵıľ
˳ȻָˡڼԴһ̣𾪣𺳡˼һֱûзڽԴϣһֱڼҶ˶áò˵⼸˵һּ尾Ҷÿһʱ˵һĥΪһᣬʹҶǱʵ
ˣѾĥһˡ
ΧŰϵĵӳһۣ˫ȭɫʱ˶ǰҡҡͷǵ͵ˡҲһǾǲҪУҪԼκλᣬȻǰõӡ
ʱҲǺˣǳڡ֪ҶнյĳɾͣǵԻ᲻һеĻɱҶϧ˵ʲôˣȲ˵ܻܲɱҶֻҪҶҶ֣ڳϾ;ԲŹ
ûмȥˣūĿһۣȻתˡҶܴûȤԸҶİ취Ϊ֪ҶĶԹҶǾǲŹҵģ
ҪģôвɱҡС
ʮŲ֮УԼһʱԭ˫۵Ҷ˫ۣһĨϲû뵽һսȻҽ߾ƷսȻкôûǰһսѾΪ߾ƷʵõһĽūһЩգ
֫ͷžҶĵ˵ͷǰ콣ūսĻ϶ôõʱ䡣ΪľҲˡ
Ҷûԥ첽̤˵ڶʮ¥ݡڵսʮ㣡
Ҷ˵ڶʮ㣬ĶʱҶֱסˣȻ˫΢УɫıǸ켶ūҪأ


54 ֲĶ
ҶǰĶֲǽūһͷȫڵϬţϬţͼΪߴߣҶǰȭͷ˫ۡĿĻͷϵţǣţаرţǵıԵǶ֮͸ĺɭѷ䵶˳صѹȸУ
ҶɵģϬţͷϵţ⣬ţһɫۼףţϣͬװۼףǺʵȣҶܸоǼӲĳ̶ȡ
ޣīϬţǿԼǰȻҶһɫ¶һĨɬ
ûˮֵǿߺǿҶѾˡûˮֵǾԿÿֲݡ
Ҫ֪һͬ׵޶Ǻɨͬģرûдﵽ߾ࡣΪϸ޷ȣرһЩ޻츳ԣͬ׽֣Ǹûаʤ㡣ȻһЩ⡣
ֻдﵽ߾ƣﵽ߾ǿ߿ԻУڿս߾ǿ߻һЩЩڼϿսսвơ
ڣҶҪսޣҪս൱׵ޣѶȿ֪
ҶԳЦЦԼƷ͸սŽޣڲޣʲôηģԼǿһսǰȻﲻһܺõĶ
ͨҶŶţɫûǰĿɬƽޱȣɲҴ⣬˿бָ棬ĳӿȥ
Ĳӿ룬ǳ˽ɫɢŵĽâĳһ̣ҶȻһгǰīϬţһ
齣
һȣһĽɫԹʶ˼һ磬֮īϬǰ
Ҷһ̣īϬţҲˣûжǵǰһ壬ӭǵɫײ˹ȥ
죡
ɫīϬţͷϣȻīϬţûˣһͷײɢҶĽɫٶȲһӰҶײ˹ȥ
ɫûţһӰ죬ҶƤһԼĻҪǿҶ볤֮УȻҽ棬ڿնеĳײīϬţ¡

īϬţͷϣĽīϬţʹҶɫޱ䣬һ̣ɾ£Ҷĵɶɳɺصǽϡ
ڵķҶæվվ𣬾ֻһӰѾǰҶͫһȻҲǿĸҸײ粽ܵ˳ԱߺɣīϬţһײ
һ̣īϬţȴǹһת䣬ٴγҶײ˹
ÿٶȣޣ
īϬţٴγҶЩ⣬޵ٶԤϡҴ⣬ٴʩչ˼粽ǶǳȥīϬţս
ǰսĴ򷨣ӲλķʽսīϬţ
ʱȥˣҶûȡúõЧǺüβ㱻īϬţţǶ塣Ϊ޵ٶ뷴ӦǾ֪ǿ٣Ӵȴһ㶼ء
ǷֱҶˡīϬţϲ֪˶ٽȴһҲûīϬţ˺෴ģֱۻԷϵۼ
īϬţЧսλûЧڲҪַҶֻҪԲоͲַ
ǿķ
Ҷķˡ
Ҷ֪ѵʱ˱ѡ˲Ǳˣǲܻϡ
̯С֣ЦпıܻǷˡǽϻĲʮѻƽƷ齣üɹ׵ŻİرǽϻϵģǸ˼Ĵ۲ʦȥġ
˵׽ϻ˵ĶһĻĲİҲ֪ʳԣ뿪ڣȻ³϶ң
ʱܻﳦӶˣ֪ǸԴŧʲôעⲻǵ͵ԼʯͷԼĽŰ
ǧҲˣûܻģܻģԼֶһı
ϧûкҩȻ˿϶һţ
ͷˬһˣѽϻС֣Щͷ
ܻɫһãҪҪ·ʱֵֻͷ㲻˰ɣ˵⣬Խܣ˲ܻһۣҾ֪ЩͷûһǺˣҪүүҲͷƣ
²ˣԭϷļųϷʵЦҲ˿ܻĿҲˣзϻԸķ䣬Ȼ˾Ϳѽϻųϵ
ǣһ׽ϻϻ콻ɣųϵ
ϻҿɸ㣬ˣͱǼͷˣ
Ǿǣѽϻɣñ
һʱ䣬Ϊòܻ𽻳ϻڳǳĬĳ˺
ܻɫǽһѿʲôвһ׽ϻʲôжųϵܻһƽǰЩϲҪļһĵʮɽȥСħŮүү𣿷ǵ˵ôȻ
ڲܻѿɫѡӣʲôЦǰž͸СħŮ˲õӡ󣬶СħŮרһӴһ˵СħŮǿ϶вͨģԣֻܻˣ
գڼų뱦ǲƵĿ£ܻϲϳ鴤Ž׽ϻ˳
ϻԼĳߣԽƣӴȫڣһķơ
ӵһʹĲܻЦеĽӹǽϻȻ׽ϻҲô齣ɵĵɷүүĽƵĻǻ㲻
Ȳܻ˵ּ㿴ϻʮҾͲ˵ˣ֪ͷƾͲò˵ˣƣɢâһǸӷʦģûҵļã֮һ仰⽣ϻһͷ˲ᣬ㣡
ܻؿھţģû˵ġΪ˲Լܻת뿪ˡ
ڳͬĿŲܻȥȻֿ˱һۣҡҡͷǺ˵Ϊ˭ǷʦһаǺܴû˵Ϊ˵ָҪһΡ
ûȥǱߵĲܻ𣬶ǿе׽ϻ۷Ź⣬Ȼ׽ϻǶС˵ǺܲģˣϻСһ


55 ڶʮһ㣡
죡
Ҷһûע⣬ƵīϬţӲһ£ԶҶʵĵ˳ȥȻǽһܵĽӴ
ĨĨǵѪҶվȻҽ棬ڿն𣬶Ѿ嵽ǰīϬţڶīϬţһ˲䣬Ҷ˳һ䣬īϬţıϡ
Ҷûдʧᣬ˫սһ˲ӿ볤֮УȻ׼īϬţı͵һ壡

һҶ˫һ飬ÿҶ֪ûƿīϬţķ׼һʱīϬţͻȻڿշȻڿеת壬¼ȥ
ģīϬţ׼ѹҶ
ҶҲһīϬţıϣ嵹
죡
īϬţͬһɽһ˵ϣʱһضɽҡһ㡣
ŵľҲҶƤһֱһǿƶóΪһ̯࣡
ʱҶУǰȻֱûȱ㣬ǿ̬ķٶȣôʱʵǸصļһﵽôġ
ܹ˵һƷǿҶаƿɫһķġطܽԣҶЩˡ
īϬţովһ̣ҶüͷͻȻȻ֪ʲôԭ۾ͻȻһߣСһΪʲô˵˵ţҶһ壬һ糯ŸվīϬţ˹ȥ
ûڸղţе˯Сһ˹ȻīϬţ㡣ҶϲƣϲսʤԷϣˡƵ׵СһȻڲŸ˵Сһ˵ôǱˣ
ڿûʱȥСһˣֻһͷǾǽ޸ſ£
Ҷٶ˼£īϬţովһ̣ѾīϬţǰīϬţķӦҲǲ˲ӴҶһɽҶѹ˹ȥ
һһţҪײϵһ̣Ҷȴ˫һ䣬͵عȥŵīϬţ£ҶɲҴʧǱŽĳīϬţĸ͵һ
ͣ
ûīϬţƤȻҶûü˾ͷֽҲǰ˰֣īϬţȻҪڿնĳҶһԥȫͬһ㳯ųӿȥȻʹȫų͵һ
ͣ
ûڱ谭ֱ룬ûīϬţĸһ̣īϬţպýڿնֻЩˡ
īϬţ建ɢʧīϬţҶڵϣĨĨͷ亹һˡ
ǵģεսʤֻ˵ǺˡСһīϬţ㣬⣬īϬţĲʲô㣬ɫȫȻֻܴƤ˵ٶ΢һ㣬īϬţһ̩ɽѹὫѹ࣡
սҶ˺ܶ顣һ¾ǣĺҪղǿĻֻҪīϬţһ͵ȫɢܣͱսʤˡҶѾԺһҪнɫڣţ϶°빦
ڶ¾ʱٶȲܵģٶ޾ûôЧˡǰٶǺܿˣܹһϢʱڸīϬţʮûðīϬţķӶϰٽûá
ԣҪֻиǿٶȣܸвȻԺڶսޣֻаˣ
¾Ƕòķ齣ʮŲղŵīϬţûһ˿Ӱ죬Ȼ˵齣жǿǼʫʩչġ
ڱ齣ָ粽һŵƷһƷһƽƷ˵ĽƷ׶ǲ͵ġǣг˻֮⣬ģ齣ֻš
һ·˱ܵľ磬⼸Ÿ߽϶֪Ĳͱ̭ˡ
뵽⣬ҶһɬһЦԼ಻㰡ưеڵʵ»˼ҿİ
ǸưҶûСƹжҶǺҶһ㣬Ǿǿ϶ҪЩӱɱǰ壬ѶȣԼ޷ġ
󻰶˵ȥˣһǶһŮ˵ģ¶ˣҲǶˡԣܲԼ̡ϸ
ѹж
ҶЦЦȥԺ£Ӧǰѣڶʮޣڶʮһֲֻʲô̶ȣ᲻ҲһǸһֹڶʮһ㡣
ҶûȥˣҪָڵԴһ㣬ûеףôҪƴһƴ¶ԷޣҲҪƴһƴ
ſ˿ʼڣѾȥˡū˲ûм٣ԽԽˡ
ر۵߰ƷڶʮϢȥ󣬲ŵ˽ū۷һЩ۵Ҳ˽ū⡣
Ҷڵݻ۵ӣһ۵𾪽ڣͬΪ۵ӣЩ۷۵ӱЩŵӸӼ˷ܡ
Щ۵ӵĵڵļϵûиߣΪڽūǸ̥۵ӡ
ֵһ˵ǣԴ֪ūҶ󣬽һЩ˾ͽҶ˵ǽڵӵĿģ
Ҷ˵ǽڵӵĿģ˼ɵģҶ˼ҳСԿͣǱΪ۵˼Ҳûȵȡ֮ǰҶһвõĶһ̶˷ǳˡ
ǧҲڵ޻ʶţ仰ǧ϶Ц˾ջ
ڣū˶ڿҶܲһŵļ¼Ϊµļ¼
˵ڴ£þеҶ˫ۣȻ̤˵ڶʮһ㡣


56 
Ҷ̤ϵڶʮһͼһЦĿûƣݵĻ˵Ҳ޲ɣֻǳؿڵİɫͷѩɫͷ͡
˿ҶЦĺܺͰͬһ㡣
ԼĶ֣
ǰˣҶЩɻΪĹҶԭΪҲһūģû뵽ȴǳһˣ˵ı̫Իһ㡣
߾Ʒʵ⣬ѾͷܲҶɻʱ˵ˡ
㡭Ҷ˫Ĵģŵĵ˵
˺Ц˵ͷ֪֣ûʱǸ㣬㲻ڴȥˡ
ԣҶ˲еɻ𾪣ʵΪʲô
ΪʮѾµļޣ˽͵߾Ʒʵߵ⣬Ѿ֤츳Ǳȥ󣬽ڻ㡣ѶȣѾֿܵġ
ҶĬãȻǰ֪˵ʵǣһ£𣿡Ҷ˵һᣬһԼĻᣬ
Ҷᶨ飬ЦЦ뵱Ѿͷһǿսֻ㣬ѶѾҪ֪ǸѾͷ츳ʵǱ㻹Ҫǿ࣬һ㣬ûмȥ
Ҷ֪˿еǸѾͷ˭Էܹ츳ʵ϶ǲģ⣬ûҪȥ˭ʱȵ˼ֻսɼᶨǰһԣ
̾һҾ֪㲻ȸصѶȣھҪҪɡһزǽūսһһ⽣ÿϢаٵ㷢Ҫģ⽣ֵЩûв
ԣҶˣᶨ
˿ЦҡҡͷҵĻû˵꣬ΣҪãʵҲ˵⽣˵Ļˣ
ǻ˾ˡ
ԣҶһʱвǻ仰
˼ûƭ㣬һʧܣˡ֮Գ⣬ǲ뽣ʧһš
ǰûѡսҶʵ
֪Ҷ˵˭ҡҡͷûѡսΪ֪ÿϢһԲֿġȻҲֿܵġҿȷĸ㣬ʵ࣡
ҶĬˣԥˡǸǻĻԲԥģΪֲֻܶһη塣˸ǲһ󣬶һʵĽ󣬶һһԽǿ޵Ľ
Ҷԥˡ
ʱһӣһѳһᣬһ׳ҶǰҶʱ˵ѡ˳Ʒ齣ƷƷ׶ġ
ΪʲôǰҶʵһʼǰƺͲսǰ˵ҲǺأΪʲô⣬ΪʲôΪԼͳ
ЦЦ֪ɻʲôҲܸ㡣ֻܸ㣬ֹ֮㣬ΪǽڵˣҲϣһšӦҲ֪½ʧˣ
ԣҶĬˣãĿϣеԥ쳣ԡ
Ҷĺԥгһ˵ȻˣԥʲôðΣȥǸֲĽֻɵӲŻȥȥڣױã໮㣿ԥʲô
һ򷴶ԵȻǱãһ;Ҫ޾η֮ģδ֪뱦˼ս֮ľ㣬Ժѣͻѡ
ʱһ˵ڶսʤ˵Ķ֣ʶʱ񣬶Ȳ˵ܹܲǽ󣬾ǽô޷ǾʵһЩˡǹأûĸãˣô죿һŹ𣿡
ڶĬˣȻĸҶҪġ
һԵЦſҶʲôҲû˵ֻżһ˿Ĺâ
ãҶЦЦǰˣĸô죿ΪĸףҲԡ˵ҶǰȻʱҶûע⵽˵仰ʱԱߵԵһĨʧ
ҶҪǾʱҶȴͻȻһȻЦԣǰҪս
һ㶣һŴ㵵㣬Ҫս
Ҷ˵ͷûаԥеֻмᶨһ;עƽ̹ûмᶨηһ;ϣע߲Զģ
ԣһĨͣʵĸأڽУô죿ΪԼʵԼˣǲ̫˽˵㣿
ҶЦЦǰǿΪֻʵԼˣܸõıˡǿĸ׵ԼվԼСңĸ׵ԼĽڣ´ѣҲһǵԼųĽڡԣҪս
ʵҶսѾΪʵˡΪնԼħǵģгʱ֪ʵѾħħ־ᣬ֮Ķҡ˵һѡ
Ҫ׳ȥħǾͼսΪ˵Ļηˣǵģһ֮ԥʵΪηˡһֱӱʵвŻǸ
˵˾ԼûԼηʵĸ׻ǱʲôĶֻһڰˡ
˿Ҷкͣÿ˶ħħӱܾˣܹӽնħܲϲ㣬ˡ˵꣬ͬūǰ㻺ɢ֮ɢĻ
ȻǻþֻǣεĻþʵʧĵطҶ૵
սԴ࣬뵽⣬һǣǰһĻһֻȷΪ̫ʵˣڣͬūǰɢȷˡ
ҶһȻͷҲĳڶʮ¥ݿȥԽս޾η
Ҷڶʮһ̣˷ˣ


57 ڶʮ㣡
ٴ壬طûҪԼҪġʱܼĺܼΪڳһŮˣ
ŰϵŵӻŮŰŮҲ˵֮޵֣ڣܴˡȻǸҶ۵ʵûŮǿǱ츳϶ǳŮģȻҲᴳڶʮһأ
Ľʦ㣬˴˵ڶʮһ㣬ϵڶʮˣֶ
ΣŻ򿪣Ľ˷ǰһôޣôˣֿûҶ࿴æԴ
棿Ľŷ֣ʵ
æĽʦ㣬һٸҲƭ㰡߰Ʒ
߰ƷĽüϴβ˵ôֱ߰Ʒǲң˵ĽɢǿƺҪ֡
亹˲ˣæ͵ĽʦϢŭǷƭ㣬ȷиڽū죬ֻҲû뵽ڶʮĲǸģǵǸΪ۵ӵҶǸĲŴʮ㣡
ԣĽȫϢ˫Ŀūķ˹ȥ뵽ʲô޵˲䲼˪ϻ쵰Ȼƭ̡߰Ʒ϶ʮ㣬˼ʸҼһ˵꣬һֱʧԭء
ĽūķȥһŮϣʦܣรɣ
ū⣬ԽԽ࣬Ӧ˵ֻҪڽڵĶˡ˵һʼһЩ˶ҶЩм˵ûȤĻҶ̤ϵڶʮһ̣ûڸҲм뱣ƽ̬ˡ
ūõļ¼һʮǰʫʮŲ㣬һĽĶʮ㡣ڣ˴¼¼һ㣬ҿӻпܼ
ԣûסˣһЩҪͻƵĵӶʱͻƣǰūŸ۵ӣ
ԴʱܲˬرˬԭΧЩӦöΪģڣѩǰܳűˡǵģˡûύûͽᣬųҲ
뵽⣬Դ˫ȭգ۵ӣ
˵ʲôʱһڽԴԱ
ԴתͷһһСŮĿⲻƵĶʱˬأĻȥСƨû˵ʲôƨ£ң
ңŽԴСȭͷ
ôСƨؼҺȥȻҲ㸸ĸѵѵ
ұ죡ԴĻû˵ˣΪһԵǧϴĻǧŭŽԴǸɡ
ǧϣԱߵļϴʱŭŽԴƺֻҪ˵֣֮䣬ͻΪҽ
żŭĳϣԴһ벻ףΪʲôϻΪһʮСŮҪ֪찡ʮ찡ʱԴί
˵ʮ죬ʮ߾ЩҲԥվڱߡ˵үүʦǱļֵԶԴʵڳϴñȫΪүүΪһƷʦ
һʮʮƷʦȣ˵ǣŶԥѡʮƷʦ
ǸҸһλᣡǧ˫΢
ǧǲԴһ֪Ǹ϶ܵԱߵļϲûг˵飬ŭھɵҲ֪ǰŸСŮݿ϶ˡ
ûиԥԴűһ¶һЦݣԣԲʦǸʦԭ£
һûὭԴǿ˽ūֻϣСۿȻСһ
СħŮûһСħŮǳĵˣûСħŮҪ׷ǾЩΪˡϾԴʱǽڵӣûȨġڽСħŮ鲻û׷
ż϶Ա̬ȣԴתһŵʱݣ֪үүǷƷķǰŵӵﱦ³ʱԴ亹ˡ

þ֮УҶǰĳʱǿ಻ͨͨ
ʮûнūҲûͷܵǽķƣ˵һ뵽ǰͷĻҶȷʲô
Ҷͣ¥ݿڣûߵȥȻη壬ֻԲߡͷ˵ǰ㣬ÿϢһٵ齣͵õĶԸ취Ȼ߹ȥͻᱻĶ
ܣҶһ뵽ľǶܣܿͷԼ취Ȳ˵ٶܲܶôһأƲϢͻ޿ɶ㣡
ܶܣǾֻӲˣֻҶûװ
Сһûʲô취ҶֻСһˡϣСһǰǰ㣬
ֻʧˣСһеҡҡͷʾҲĪ
ҶεҡҡͷȻһԾ롣
Ȼûʲôõİ취Ǿֻһһˣ취ʱǱƳģ
Ҷһ̣Χǽϵķ˲Ȼһֹ켣ѸٵһᣬڵзƶٶȵҶŵ׵ĵذ岻֪ʱҲһš
Ҷվм䣬ŽµЩƣأеĳڽɫĲϹ£𽥲·һ㡣
ݣ
ʱǽͻȻٵûٵֱı߶Ҷȥ磡
룬Ҷ˫ӿһĨ


58 
һͺȣҶ粽ʩչޣеĳǰʮ˹ȥ
ҶûұڽɫļӳҶȫһ£Ҷеĳ·˿һ㣬гһ쳣Եۣһ̶Ʒ졣
죡
һըڳкȻҶײļ齣˲ɢУҶٶȲʣµ齣ҶͣΣתҲһ壬ֳֽɫ˹ȥ
죡
һը죬ҶΪ׵ļ齣һʣµ齣һ̣תһ̣ת
󷨿ʼеһ̣ҶͲͣظҲֻ齣ٶ̫죬̫࣬Ҫļ粽ľӲ
ȻǸʹĴ۵ġһʱ䣬Ҷȫ϶Ѫۣ˫˫⣬ʱҶϼûһǺõģһڲӡ
Ҷʱͷ˵ĻˣµܹġѾһЩŽޣڼϽɫ޸Ļܼһӣ
ǵģܼ֣ȫȻܲЩ齣Щ齣һʱȴҲû취Ϊ˸Ƥ⣬Щ齣ûи˺
죡
Ҷһɢʮ齣ʣµʮ齣Ҷļ֫˸ܵĽӴ
ϵʹʹҶһ飬ĵȥҿ϶ᱻ⽣ĥһ취뵽⣬Ҷɢ̵ǰļ齣ĿæɨһۣĵһзģһеģֻҵԸЩ齣ķпƹأ
ҶԸİ취⽣Ļ᣿ÿϢһٵʱԲٰ㣡Ҷھͱһ߶Կ齣һ߿ת취ò˵ǳԵȣ
ֹȥ˰ʱʱҶû뵽ʲôõİ취Ѿһˡʱϵ·Ѿʧĸɸɾȫ¶Уˣȫ¶Ѫǣͷ·ϴһѪһ㣬ǿֲ
ñ̬Ľ˭Ūģ˵ӣĥ˵ģ
ܵϵϵľʹҶ̲סˡӽеڣʱ˵һĥһˣǱ齣̵Ȼʧܰˡ
İһʼԼǿԵֿЩ齣ڣ޲ԼһҲǿΪʲôΪΪǿ⸱ģ
ôǿôЩ齣˵ûУЩ齣һĵֿȴȫֿԾƿƤȴǲ˺
򵥵˵ǣ۲ⲻĥʲô
ҶǰֻǧУûԼˣ
ҶҲһԼ˵ǺõǾȫǧСʱڵСƺǳ޳ΪСеɫԴԴϵ˳Զȫ޸ƣ
Ϊʲô˵С޳أΪҶϸ۲ֻҪܵ˺ڵĽɫͻԶȥ޸ԼתڵĽɫĻСлὫĽɫǳ󷽣
Ҷǳɻ󣬲ûʱȥ⡣һ⣬ǾôԸЩ齣
ҶԿٵתţڱ취Ȼȥ϶ᱻĥġȻС޸壬ԣı޸Ŀ죬ȥһַ˵ĥ»Σա
ΪҶʱѾұ֤⻹һþˣͷ˵ǿ뽣һЩԶǳǺϣǾ˵ǸͷҲǻþûǻûģ˵Ļʵġ
֮ôҶҶģûţһþ
ֹȥ˰ʱҶѾƣ֮ɫٶȶѾԵ½ˡҶȫëˣΪǰ뽣ūսУֻۣƣȴûг⣬ȴǳˣǴʲôþпʵġ
ҶһŬʹԼ侲Լ侲ǾˡͻȻҶ۾һ뵽һ
뵽ʮ齣ҶǰʱҶûͬǰǰǿӲˣǷ˷빥Ȼǰʮ齣ʩչԭҶţؿڣԼҪ齣ڿҪ̵ҶʱȻһĻˣǼ齣Ҷ£ͻȻԱ˼֣
ͣ
ʮ齣ҶһܵĽӴȻѪٴδҶ˳ϴʹҶ·ûиоһ㣬ĲΪȻĿЩ齣
Ҷͬ޵׵ԨͻȻһһ㣬ܲ˷ܣ
Ҷǰ࣬ȫ鼸齣ȻʩչһЩ齣ı乥򡣲ò˵취Ǻܲģ£ܵ齣˺ԽԽˣ
ھеǱǾ޴ģҶǽչùݡʱҶȴǿýչݡһʼֻܿƼʱѾӰʮ齣ĸʱʮ齣Ѿܿƽʮˣ
ʱһһȥһȥҶѾӰʮˡֻһɷΧڣǶ˵ѾˡֻҪ齣ΧһɷΧͻᱻǿеĸı䷽Ȼ齣ײһ𣬿˵ǳɣ
ȥˣʱҶѪһ㣬ֲһ⣬ûһǱģˡʱҶڵϣûаأһƵģ
зһµһˡٵĸҶȥٶһĿ졣
ЩҶѪϹżЦ⣬һٵǰһɷΧʱһٵͻȻĸת䣬һȥ
죡
ٵ齣ǽϣ޴ը
ҶȴһֽʱʱһͻȻڿտĴ𣺡ʵĽܲպ˴ʣµ߲ﵽ߾һԣ
˵꣬ҲҶظҶ͸оһתȻдһѣθУ֪ȥãҶͻȻΧƺں֡
Ҷˣˡ


59 ˣ
ʹ˰ԴҶ˫ۣ˫۵ǼͷͷҶʶŵĳϡֻǣֻе㲻ԾΪͷʱһ˷ܵĶĿ⣬񼸸񺺿ľɫŮһ㣡
뵽⣬Ҷһ񺮣׼˵ʱǧȴҶһ΢ʵСС㣬˵ڶʮ㣿ǧϻ˵˫ȭǽԱߵļҲͬˣȻ˶еţ˵˷ܼ
ԣ뵽ǰеǸҶʵǧϣҲ֪ûйԷ˵ԺūҴﵽ߾ʣµļ㣡
ҶĻųһۣжźε𾪣Ƭ̺ǧԥһ£ʵС㣬˵Ŀģ˶˵
ǱĳԼҶ϶ǲˬģǧϣҶµ˵ͷǧϣƭ˭Ҳƭ㡣ڶʮһ󣬵Щ齣ûвͳˣȻҾͳˣ
ٴһۣǲٻˣʵǰҲûɣڶҲֻȷ£Ѿȷˡ£ǧ⣬ϻҲ˵ɫصתߣ·ͬһ㣬ǵ֪ͨϣ
Ҷûȥܼͷˣ׼һ֫ʱһȹŮͻȻǰŮòʱҶһ˲ʧˣ޵ˡ
ŮӺĺҶһУֻʫòǰŮȡòȻ£ȴȻͬʫǵţ䣬ַ·ʶ˼̻ӣ
ǰŮͬǰŮӵޣǵģջǴŴ磬Ƿǳޣվ⣬ʹ˵κζѪӿĳ嶯
ҶѹǷ컣׼˵ʱǰŮ´һۣȻ㴳˵ڶʮһڶʮ㣿
ԣҶһ˵ͷȻʵǣ
ŮûлشҶĻ̧ͷ˽ūһ⣬ãĿҶϣܸҵڶʮһڶʮʲôǷһ飡
ҶЦЦǷʲô飬һС¶ѡڶʮһǿľľû⣬ֱܿӹءڵڶʮ㣬һÿϢϰٵûɵս߷Ѷȣ
ŮӷüһٴδһҶȻʵʮ㲻ǻþ
Ҷ׼˵ʲôʱһҶоһʶͷһȻҶʯˡһϢҶһֱƲ񷣬Ȼ˫æסĳ˵ĴЦУ粽ʩչ˼ޣʧԭء
ҶıӰЦĸˣһԵǧ϶ЦǵģҶʱȫģһʼע⵽⣬ȴûȥѣΪ˻С
ҶȹŮӽ̸ʱ˲ŻعҶһŮ̸֪ʲôԭˣǧϾȻûȥҶ
ǧЦһᣬȻתˣɫǲμſ˵ĸʲôʲôȥμſ˵ģڽūͨģϲǣѾһŵӡбԣӮǰʮĻŽڶȥϢһ°ɣ
˵⣬ǧֿ˿ΧЩ꣬ȻЩûͨ˵ģǿڽϢһ뿪ڣ绹Ƕڣڻǿжϣ
ǧϵĻе껶ôԺҲŵˣԴˣеͷ̾ʧΣϲż˵ϣǰ;ϧʧˣ
ν˻ϲ˳

ĳעĵطʫҶܵķ֪ʲôҶڶʮʱˣûκ˷ʵ˵ҶıֳǳūʮŲʮĿֲһվܵġû뵽ҶȻսʤޣһ˶ʮ㣡ǳ
ãʫջĿ⣬еһᣬֻдţҶУʮ꣬ص۹ݰϳˡԸȣΪ飬ȴ覴ñرΪĸõĹϵ밲ϳвɵڵĶԹĸ˶ʮǰ
žãʫ̾һȻ΢΢ʱһƬɢС
ǽڵġ

ȡ
˰˰ĳϾȻҲһ£Ժô˰Ƕ˰
Ҷһ·󣬿вŭš뵽ǰȻôǰ壬һһŮôãҶ߷Ժôˣ
ʲôöģǼ˿ôˣ֪ʱȹŮӳҶ
ŮӵĻҶһתŮӣɫޱأȻûǰŮʲôʱģǰŮ͵ϮԼǡҶȥˡ
˭Ҷʵ
ĽŮЦЦǶϲŮҾǸڶʮˣ
ԣҶЩ죬ŰŵһǸŮŮҶǰҲģδΪΪ۵ӵԭҲûȥעŰϵЩˣǶǰŮġ
˵Ůŵ֮޵֣һЩųҲĶ֡ԴˣǰҶЩŵģҶЩˡĲ˵ǰŮϢǷǧϾͱȲϡ
ĽûлشҶĻʵſˣЩūƳˣҶֻǾƣһЩȴǻˣڶʮǲǲǻþʵ
ԣҶĬһᣬҾʵģ˵ģһҲ֤
ĽҲĬˣʵΪβȥ
ҶҡҡͷڶʮĽ֮󣬾ֱӱ˳ΪʲôҲǺҶûȫ˵ȽŮ죡
ĽŶһȻҶһۣ⣬ҲŵӣԺʱдһ£˵꣬ҲҶظתԾʧ˹ȿڡ
ŹֵŮ
ĽʧĵطҶҡͷЦЦȻҲȿȥǼǵãǷһױǸСһﲻϧҪǿأ


60 
Ҷŷ壬һѯʺҵ˽ԴסҵԴҶû˵ʲôϻֱӿҪ콣
ԴʱɫѿǱ콣Ϊһ죬үү͸ҲΨһһ֮óģҪҫһ⣬ΪԼģΪԲ䣬֪ǰ˾Ȼ˽ڰļ¼
ŽԴģҶüͷһ壬Ըķ䣬ùһҪȥŮӣ
ˣѾˣʱҶһŮ
˵ĲǱˣǵҶĵѩѩߵҶǰҲϻŽָǸʳָ΢΢һһµСӳУȻСӵݸҶ
Ҷӹӣ򿪺һһζǵöӣҶЦŶѩ΢΢ͷӣȻתŽԴ콣ɣ˿㣡
Դԥ£Ҷ⣬콣ҽҵĴ֮㿴
Ҷ˽ԴһۣȻҲǲˣɣøֵ콣ֵĶҲԣ
ҶĻԴæͳһЩݣǼֵ׳콣ֱر
ЩҶǷһĨЦǰһҪˣ
ʱһԵѩԴҪˣֱ˵ˣóЩΪҶС𣿡ڽԴûøУӦ˵ֱǿ׳ˣûøУ
ԴѩһۣȻҶҶЩȻֵûг콣ߣǶõġɣЩ͵ѣô
ҶҡҡͷҲ㽻ʲôѣҸıˣֻҪǱ콣Ըķ䣬콣ɡ
ԴһĨ⣬Ҷһߣպ̫ˣ
ҶŽԴҡҡͷҲڷϻˣֱʩչ粽˲˽ԴǰȻŽԴؿھ͵һȭ
ҶϲϻˣǰнԴļһһǲ뽻콣ڷϻȥֻ˷ʱ䡣ȻǾֱӶֺˡ
Դѩû뵽ҶȻֱӶ֣ԴʶһȭҶȭͷ˹ȥ
ǲ
һĹͷڳ𣬽ԴһҽУ׼ˣҶ룬Ȼ֪ʱҶѾץסڹ۶ȭͷҶץŽԴȭͷ˳ԼһȻٴ˳ǰһֱ̽ӿס˽ԴĲӣ
ǲ콻ҾŪ㣡ŽԴĲӣҶǲӿд˳һ
ԴɫҰףоôҲû뵽Ҷǿ󣬶ٶ˵Ŀ죬ûӦͱԷס˲ӡ
Ҷ˫һɭɱ⡣
Ҷеɱ⣬Դɫˣһɿ־˲ϮȫҶҪʱԴʶĴɽó˳콣˻ƵңԸķ䣡
ӹ콣Ҷɿ˽ԴĲӣȻҲԴ콣ɽУתߣ˼ͻȻתŽԴʵǸˣڳ̨֮ǲɱ˵ģģ֪Ҳ˵꣬ڿɫĽԴתߡ
һԵѩع󣬲мĿ˽ԴһۣȻҶߵķ׷˹ȥ
Դ˫ȭգɫ࣬з·𣡴Сδܹ˵裬ǳ裬Դĳ裡
ҶţҶȥķ򣬽Դ

䳡ҶǰѩŮӣѩʲô¾˵ɣ
ѩҶӵܶ߰ҴխղԽԴպлᣬ϶Źģ
ԣҶЦЦллҸ档˵ûԽԴָ߰ӣǾԲµġΣΪͷǱ콣ҵĶʵʱҲǿȡԼĶ
ܰԵţѩҶ
ҶҡҡͷҰԵţѩڣһ㽨飬ĳЩˣǸԴͱΪǸΪ޳ܣӷȥֻȭͷöԷ㽲
ѩһᣬȻЦллĽ飬Ҿúãˣðһ䣬ǲѾﵽˣ
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ΪʲôһƷѾĽԴѩ㵵
죿ҶЦЦѩΪԴ𣿷Ϊ϶ͨﵽġһͨﵽˣΪǿߵʵ𣿶һ͵Ϯ˸⧲
ԭˣѩ˵ͷȻֵˣ½һЩŵ齨һС壬ʱСĴͷģԸ룿ԴӦҲһЩŵ齨һ
ԣҶԥ£ȻҡҡͷҾͲˡ뵽ʲôֵȻҲ벻Ҹ߰ҪΪŰϵһгӦҲЩС壬ڼǣֻл
ѩĬһᣬոճȻͷģǻûʲôţгС壬ܿСͻϽɢɣҽһźȻ룬Σһ£ҲηǸʲôˣ
ѩĻҶĵ˵ͷ֮ԸǰŮ˵˾õĻǴŶһѱȶһ˺õĿġѩĻǰ˿Խύ
뵽⣬ҶЦЦʶ£ҽҶϳˡ
ҶĻѩһ£ȻҲ¶ЦݣѩǣҶ츳ʵۼģҶԷԸƷҲᣬһѣһҲִ
Ҷڽڶһѡ
ԴʲôĶһһʱ֪ͨ㣡ѩ˵һ䣬תȥˡ
ѩոȥһ۵ܵҶǰ۵ӵһŷҶ磬ļţ
ҶȡһЩҸ۵ӣ۵ߺҶŷ⣬ϵݺҶɫ䣡


61 ؼң
ңĸһʧҪ
ҶеţĿ£ٳǧϵסȥ
ŲСдģдġ˵Ҷĸǰ챻һĺ͵Ϯʵǿֿܵ˲Ҫĸ׵ֻҪסǡ
ãĸײûбԷסΪͻȻĳ֣⧲˵ս˰ϳѲ߾Ѳ߾ȥ
û˿ԥ͸ҶţҶ취
ϵݣҶһ뵽ľңڰϳǻûʲôңֻ֮йìܡرǸ֮ԼìѾǲɵڣΪìܣ
ҶŭңԼȥϳǱĸףûˣĸӶ֣
ҹŭĸ֮ҪˣξȻֱӶǳ֣Ҷʱ˿ĺţ
ǧϣҪذϳǣǧϵķڣҶǧϣ
ɫҶҶ仰ǧһȻҶ½ŵӵıԣǰʮнڵĽǽǰʮֺпܻᱻķ¼һᣡ
ҶҡҡͷȻ󽫰ϳǵǧ˵˳
ҶǧɫӦøѲ˸ϵ
𣿡Ҷ⣬ʵڽ𣿡
ǧҡҡͷ㴳ڶʮһʱ뿪˽ڣһ뿪ĻŰϵĵӡʱҲû⣬Ϊ֪츳ǻذϳҽãû뵽ҪãҪԸ㣡
ԣҶһĨɭɱ֮Լֻʣ£ȲҪˣ
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ҶǧһȻǧϣѾŵӣҲ˵ҿʱ뿪ǧҽһ´̨Ĵ󡣡ôҶǧϵĿģΪŵûʸʹôģ֮Ҳֻгǲſʹô˵
ǧϳʵѾﵽƷһڵҲֱﵽƷʱ߾ƷȥǵĶ֡ɣȥϳҵ£ڽڰΣ
Ҷҡҡͷǧϣ֮ìѾɵڣӦҲʹǱӦǧϲĸ׵鷳ǰҲֵġһȥҪ׽֮ĶԹ˵䣬Ҷɭޱȣ
ǧ촽˶վûȰǳҶĸҶеĵλҶҶĸ׳֣ĴҶۡҶ˵Ĳˡ
Ҷλȥпܻ⵽Է֣Ҫ֪ӵʵ϶Ҷܿġ֪ҶʹôҶҲϻذϳǵģҶƢ
ãǧϵһ̾߰ɣҴȥ̨
лǧϣҶǧϱ˱ȭ
ǧҡҡͷҴȥ̨ҲȥԸңӦ֪ص۹Ų׶ԹǷУҲ֣ܿص۹ìܡȻҶΪҶȥ𺦽£
Ҷף
ǧֵУڻذϳҲýڵӵݻȥģ۵ӵݣ𣿡
Ҷһ˹λȥֿˣǽڵӣɻôص۹ڡ뵽⣬ǧϣֻ˶֪Ѿŵӣ㿴
ǧҡҡͷ㻹ĽڵӣҪΪڵӣ֮԰䷢ŷװҽּ¼ڽڵϲ㡣ڵ㣬ϸ˵Ľڵӣ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷˣ
ǧϵ˵ͷ߰ɣҴȥ̨˵꣬ȥ
ҶҲæȥ
ǽɽ֮ϣɽһǧߴ壬ʮС壬ÿһɽ嶼ƣ໥֮ľңԶرߴ֮ľ룬УһŵӵĽٵϺü죡
Խÿһɽ֮϶һ̨̨Ǵ͵ɽġ
ȻǸŵõģǸߴЩŵ洫ӼõġΪʲôãΪŵʵҲΣյģڱʱ͵ͷԻѣΣȫʣ͵ʵ̫ڱ͵ʱʶԣڴ͵Ĺιȥ
ڱ͵ĹιȥģֻпܱŪǰ׳նѣǰھͳֹӣԴԺ󣬽ڽֹŵʹô
Ҷǧ˴̨ش̨ĵӼǧϣǧһûڹǧҶ
̨һ֮ߣʮɳʯ̨ϣʯ̨ϣŰٶɫԲȦÿһɫԲȦһɽ壬ȻҲЩǴ͵طģʮɽΣյشֻߴص۹һЩУ
ЩȦȦҶ֪ȦȦǾԲܽģһ紫͵ʮɽĳ޵ĵ̣Ǿȥ޻ˡǰҲֹ
ڣԺÿһɫȦȦϷбط


62 ͽϻ
ǧָһɫСȦǴ͵ǣȥ˳Ǻ󣬿ѡһЩ̻ķħǰϳǡȻҲôص۹ĳдֻǼ۸ܰ󣡡
ԣҶ˵ͷ֪ǾݵһǣֻھǡڽΪʲôûаϳǵĴҶһʼЩ⣬΢һҲˡԽ˵ϳֻһСǣֵýڰϳǽҪ֪ҲǷǳģ
ǧϴӻȡŷݸҶһƷзƷзʱڿٶɣֻҪܵ˺˼ܺܿκã
ǧϵݹŷҶһů֪ǧȻһųϣַǧ˵ҲǼġҪ֪ûŹ׵㣬ַΪһųϣһҲżٹ׵ѣ
ŷҶ˵󣬵ǧϵҶǸжǧȻ˵֮ٲǱڰ
Ҷһûоܾӹŷллǧϣ
ǧЦҡҡͷŷѣлʲôҲֻˡ߰ɣ
ҶǧһȻתɫȦȦȥҶҪߵɫȦȦʱһҶĽŲͣ
СҵȵȣȵѽǱ
Ҷת̨ȥֻٵĳܻ߲֡
ǧһ飬Ȼڽūʱ죬㻹ǲͻطƷˡúİɣҾͲκˣ˵꣬ǧҲҶظһһԾغ󣬼ԾʧҶߡ
ǧͬľٶҶҡͷһЦų϶ԱǼɵͷ۰
ܵҶǰڴڵĴţΪżĹϵСͨģͬƻһ㣬ǿɰ
żϢһ£ȲߣҶЦ
ҶһۣϢƬ̺ŵСۣˣҲң˵ǲûҵѣ
ҲŸճûðҲ֪Ʒô㣡Ҷί
Ҳܣߵҵ죬Ҫ⳥
ĿİɣҶ
ջָСһ죬߳ŭ̧ҽźݺݵزҶһţҲܣҲܣˣСһҾԭ㣬ҪСһ
ҶЩͷۣСһ˰ֻǣԸ⽫СһСһԸ
СۣСһұ֤СһһĺģҲκ۸һİװֵģòã㣬ǲҸģˣ
Ҷߣ˵ˣʲôиҲҸҶѱеСһסǶҸ
Ҷ룬ҲǸ˵ҪСһǾ͵ҪСһкøУСһ㵱ѣֻҪСһ㵱ˣԺ㣬ܾ𣿡
Сһһֱ㣬ûʱ鰡ҪɣСһңҸòãȻǲģ˵ţóһϻݸҶ㿴һ󱦱ʮƽƷϻϻһƣһƷ󣬺ܺܺܺܺģ
ǸϻҶ಻ļǶһһöֻСһĲܸ
Ҷһȥǽϻ£СıЩЦӼ浽ڣСħŮӲģȻģջģΪ˵õСһСħŮ伫
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ĬˣһᣬɣĺϲСһĺϲأ
ȻЩվֻǸӰҶһ̾౦СԴ㣬Сһأ뽫Сһﵱǳ
𣿡գգۣ
Ȼ𣡡Ҷ֪СһΪʲôԸ𣿡
Ϊʶ㣡
Ҷһ飬Ȼ˵ͷðɣҲһɡ֪Ϊʲôջ󣬶ѡ𣿡
룬ҲõĶ
ҶˣѾͷôͲϷأͲ˵һ䡰Ϊʲô𣿡
Ҷˣֱӽ⣬Сһ֮ԸңΪѣҵѣҲѡңɵģʱߡĻͻὫʧȥɣ㣬Ըʧȥ𣿡
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Ҷ
ҶʱֵҾ˵еԺҲСһˡһСһѣѣĳ
ԣҶһСħŮͨˡ
ǸϻݵҶ͸ɣƽռطˣûˣһطƷˡ˵תߣ뵽ʲôתСۣүүǿŶɲܽһ£үүǺϸģ
ȻᣡҶЦ
˵СԴȻС֣һһȥ
űСһ˦һ˦ģҶЦЦͷ˿еĽϻһů
ҡҡͷҶϻսɽУȻ߽˴֮С


63 ͵һ㣿
һӵٶ˿ڵĴУھڶУԷٶģ˵Ļֻھݵǡ
֮Էʮɽ˵ǾӹΰȻһŶ֮ǵ׵ģ߲ʵû˸СġȻҪǽҪѣ
˿ڶ࣬ЩȻǿߣǿҲҪ·ҲҪԷģһҪõģõġĸֿҲǼӴġԣҲģȻЩһ㶼׵˴ġѡĵطǳǡ
Ϊʲô˵ʮɽҲǾӹΰأΪѣȻβǽڵˣʮɽΧЩӶЩӶʮɽѰݣɱ޶Ҫһѵĵططǳǣ
֪˶ãҶȺĳģԽԽ࣬Ƭ֮Ҷ˫ۣ۵һʮꡣ
Ҷ˫ۣҶ˱ȭʦ֣ˣ
ǰӣҶʵǣ
һ񣬹ʦϣǽڵļӣרŸӴǳǵŵӡҲ䡮ջһ¡
ӣҶ΢΢üܿ죬Ҷˡһ㶼ָЩŴĵӣӵڽ۵һ㣬ںûλġҪ۵ӺһЩΪӵǱ¼ڲģҼڶŹ׵һ̶ȺǿԱŵӵģ
Ҷһǰϵļӣ侳ʱҶЩ⣬ΪϵĵӾȻ߾ƷҶҡҡͷʮ߾Ʒ츳ڿ϶ǿϵġ
ȥҶʵֵܣʳǷзʦķֻ᣿
Ҷĳƺһæʦ֣ʦܻСͺˣֵ֣ܶɷˣЩǵŵĸǱǿ׳죬źģĸöԷֵ֣ܶ
ҶҡҡͷЦֵܣǽڼӣȻǼǾͬš˲룬룬ƽϳƺˣҵɣҶ֪ЩŵӸ߰ĺܣرЩǰָһȵԽҶûУΪȼݻ΢۵ӣ
ԣϿҶһۣ鲻٣¶ҶøҲڼƽϳƺ⣬ǰûзʦģӳǷȲǺ󣬷ʦڳڿһֻᣬʦҪȥʦ᣿
Ҷ˵ͷҪȥһˣֵܷ·ʵ˵ҵһǣһĨϹ
Ȼû⣡ϴӦķǳˬ졣
Ҫ뿪ʱҶԭվλõԱߵһͻȻ漴һŵӳ۵ӵӰӴ˳
ӳ󣬿ҶһۣҶǲǽڵӵ·󣬱ֿҶԵϣС׼ʳиֿʽķװףסֻҪķװٶҪ죬Ҹʱ䣡
϶ӱ˱ȭǸʦ֣ѾӦλʦִ·ҴȥĿĵغȥʦð죬Σ
Щ⣬ֿҶǽڵĵӣʵ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ǵ˵ͷսŵӣȻǧ˵ʱŵӣ⻰ԼҲţֻȱһݵˡ
ԣϸһĨζЦݣԭǸսʦܰ˵ֿ꣬ϣȥҵã˱ҲڸսŵӶᱻһŵôôǰôҲôˣڣ׼ôˡ
ϿҶһۣƺҶ˼ҶĻȥȰˡ
ϿԼҶ˼ҶʱʱҲǱµֵܣ鷳ȴȥɣԷ̬ȺãֺżĻǲȥԷµġǶԷ̬ܲˬȻ㲻ˬֺαˬ
ҶĻЩΪˣƽĶۣϣȴҶȥģϾҪ󵽣ԱߵɲһˣȴҶȥǶԷ϶鷳ģ
˫΢ҶʦܣʦֽһҪ͵һ㣬ȻڽڿǺѻȥģ
ҶЦ˵ĺܶԣҪ͵һ㣬ȻѻȥҲһ仰Ҫʵ˵ģ˵أ
ŶһĨЦԭʦʦдд裬Ǿʦʦܵĸˣ˵꣬һһȭҶ˹ȥ
죡
һ죬һӰ˳ȥݺǽ֮ϡ
Ҷջȭͷǽµ壬ƷʵΪʲôͲ֪͵һ㣿͵һ𣿡
Աߵȫʯˣ죬ǿ߾ƷȻһжӲ£
建վĨĨǵѪҶһĨɵ㣬˭
Ҷ˵꣬ҶתŻʯϣֵܣȥʦֻɣЩ߰һĵӣҶûһøС
ϽӲĵ˵ͷȻЩеĴҶȥԴлҶǰһȭ̫ˣ̫ˣ
ҶͻȻ˫͵ԲǸڶʮҶ
ʶҶģŵӿʱ䣬ؼ̽׵ӣʶҶǵģҶڶʮʱϢڽڲҲˡ
λ𼱻׼ؽڣ뿴½ŵӱԣӦ˵뿴Ÿ˽ڽū¼Ҷֻû뵽ȼˣԷˣû뵽һжû£
ҶȥıӰ૵ܴʮˡǿʵ


64 ʦĵλ
ʦһ֯˵˵ٵĿȻ٣ǵʵȴǼΪǿǴص۹ԪŶȥ׵ǣȥ׵Ҵص۹෽Ȩ
ǰʦ·ϣ϶ҶЦŽ͵Ҷڷʦ£ȻЩ棬ûʡ
Ҷʵǲ˵ǳص۹֮һ
ϵ˵ͷһǸֲһΪǵĳԱɵģԱԼֻ룬һֺԼơ˵ǽڣǽڵķƷϸ˵ǲڽڵģֻǸһֺϵ
ڽڣǴص۹зʦЩʦҲ඼ǺԼƣǸˡһʦһɣˣʦҲ£Ϊڷʦᣬ˭붯ͻ⵽ʦı
ʦıҶȵʵ
ϵ˵ͷҪΪʦʵ̫̣ԷʦǷǳٵģٵĿΪ٣ԷʦǶǳŽᣡҲòŽᣬΪ٣ڲŽᣬͲˣ
ԣҶĬˡǰ֪ʦݺ󣬵û뵽ʦô󵽸ҪӡЩųΪʲôôµﱦүүˣԭ˼ҸͲǽڵģ
ϼʦĵλǳȻģʦʲôص۹ҲᴦǣǽǽʦԼȻǰﲻرء
Ҷٴһص۹ɷԷʦûã
ҶСڴص۹󣬵Ȼ֪ص۹ɷжϸ񡣴ص۹Էιɷ˵Ǵص۹ĸҪ֪Ԫŵڴص۹ᱻص۹õģ
ҡҡͷûãǴص۹ʦȨҷʦһҲķʦʦصĻǻᱻʦݵģһʦݣǾʹʦܵʦıӻȨ
ԭˣҶ˵ͷĻͱȽˡص۹κһɷ֮ϣΪɷʦĽᣬôص۹Ȩ⵽ƣ£ص۹ô·أ
ЦȻԼǷʦĵλǺܳȻġǵݿȫܳģߵģ˶أ
ҶҲЦŵ˵ͷ뵱ллΪʦġʦڣҪ¾ͿһЩ˼ˣ
֪ʦֻѾˡ
ʦֻλڳĵش佨Ǻΰ
ǰʦֻĽҶҲò̾ʦĸСһֻȻߣȫɽʯ졣Ҫ֪ƴĽʯǾҪʮҰʮҿ㹻һͨһˡ
Ҷǰɽʯķֻ𺳵ЦʦǳĸУҪ֪һŷüҵġ
Ҷ˵ͷȻϣ֣Ҫȥ£㲻Ļͷڴ˴¡
ʦҪȥһȻæʦ֣ʦֻ濴ġԭΪҶι۲ι۷ʦģû뵽ҶȻҪȥϡ
ҶЦЦ׼˵ʲôʱҶұߵĽֵٸٶȺܿ죬еֱײýֵϵȺæӴܡ
ҵС˷ʦˣϵ
ңҶЩ档
ϵ˵ͷ͵ǳǽһ壬һ߾ǿߣڳǺȨơӦС㣬֮𣬿ɲΪ߾ǿߣΪС㣡
ķҶЦСһʦɡ
ЦЦʵǣֻгΪʦʸ񣡡
Ҷʵ
ҡҡͷǣһֱ
ҲԳΪʦҶϵĻȵʵǸ˵ֻܳΪʦġ
Ҷ֪Ѿϰˡ½͵ʵҪΪʦֻſԡֻҪɢͿԳΪʦģһЩ㡣ȻҪģԣûзƴʦСΪͽ
Ҷ˵ͷˣȴܹΪʦˡΪ˵ҲǱģֻǿ
ҶҡͷЦЦȻ֣µĻȻؽڵĿջȽȥˣ˵꣬ŷʦֻ˹ȥ
ԥվûֹǰʦȻ鲻Ǻ˽⣬ȴɵӣԷҪֻᣬӦò£
վס
Ҷ׼ʦֻĴţһӾҶǰ
Ҷӣ΢⣬ΪӾȻ쾳ǿߡһ쾳ǿ߾ȻֻǿŵģǵģǿŵģֻҶһʼֱӺ˶ԷĴڡ
˷ʦᣬ˵뿪ӳ
Ҫ˷ʦҶ
ԣһɫһЩƼţ
ƼţҶ΢΢üȻҡҡͷûƼŲԿ𣿡
ҶĻɫٶûƼŵȻԣʦʦһæһˣǻʱоһ𣿺ˣϻˣȥȻҲ
Ҷüͷٴû뵽˾ȻҪʲôƼţ˱ʦ⣬ĻʶʲôʦԼǸʦӦʸƼģֻԼȥǸʦ
һȥɣ
ʱһöҶ


65 ʦǣ
ҶתֻһɫȹŮ΢ЦĿŮ󻹸һߡ
ȹŮӴԼʮ߰꣬ȹŮòرȴͿȻ΢Ц֮ϣɢһ͵ʡʣʱõŮӵࡣ
ҶĿŮϴ£ͣŮӵŮϸ֫ҶһĨޣŮ֫ϸǳϸУճһĻߡ
ȹŮӶҶ΢΢ͷȻǴ꣬췴ҲҪ鷳Ŵʦһ𿼺˰ɣ룬ŴʦӦûʲôģ
ȹŮӱ˱ȭȻ¶ɫС㣬Ӧ֪ҵְ𡭡
ȹŮЦŵ˵ͷȻóʯݸӣź㣬֪Ҳףֻǻͨͨڣ
źӽӹʯûǰΪѣЦҲգȥ԰ɣԤףСܹ˳ɹ
лԣŮһЦȻҶǽȥɣ˵ţ˹ȥ
̣ҶĻףǰӲȥΪûТԭҲͨЩΪ˴ĵģֻû뵽ʦҲˡ
Ҷ˿ϵʯȻȹŮӡ
Ҷ׷ȹŮӣȹŮӱ˱ȭǰллСˣ˵ţҶóʯݸȹŮӡ
ŵݹʯȹŮһɫʯЩģǶ˵Ҳġ֮ԿϻʯǰӣΪ˵ǰӿǽڵˣԸ⻨ʯ
ӿǽڵˣȹŮûнʯʵ
Ҷȵô֪
ҶĻȹŮһЦǰֲ뽣ڼһˡ
ŮӵĻҶˡǰŮӰǷǳɻģڲ֪ΪǽڵӵĹϵ
Ůӵ̹ףҶҲЩøУµôǰллˡ
Сһ׮ˣŮЦЦȻֵ˷ʦģ
Ҷ˵ͷԣ
ŮЦҲãϤһЩƷһЩ̡ˣҽ£ҽ
Ҷ
һҶɨһۣȻʵС㣬Ϊʲô壿
͵ֻķƴʦǲоƣƽʱ⵽˷ʦȻЩƴʦǰԼģ
ôƴҶȵ
ЦȻҪƴʦҪҪоƣΪƵĲϣǻҪһЩίУ˵Ƿǳæġ˶֪ʦ磬еλȴ֪ЩҲԼŬģ
Ҷͬĵ˵ͷȷʵһ㶼ֻķ⣬˵Ŭ࣡ˣʦĿһ㶼Щ̣
֪ǵһˣ½͵ʵҲֻҪܹһƷǿ˳ɹˡһƷͿԳΪһƷʦֲܹͬԵķƷʦˡƷ֮ĵطʦҪܹˣڸߵľ磬ھͲҪˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ뱦˵һԼѾַҲ˵ԼƷʦˡ뵽⣬ҶʵС㣬Ϊʦ֮ɵģ
ЦɵģԱɼκҲԲôڷʦҲҪܷʦԼϾһ֯ĳԱԼĻ϶ӵġ
ʦĽʺ޵ְҵҶЦʦְҵλȻܹȨ˵ɣŵ˵̫ˣ
ְҵ֮˵׻Ϊʦá룬ͬսһһǿз˭ʤ˭ܣʦһŷںܶʱܹ߷Ϊʤģ
ҶЦЦȻɨһܣʵС㣬ǵĿʲôʱʼ
һĨΣ»õһᣬŴʦӦڸĿģŴʦΪ˺ܽã˵ҿ˾һʱҿ˵ģ
ԣҶҲֻеͷˡûֱӻذϳǣ˷ʦΪ˶һԸҵĵƣȥ׼׵˽ᡣ
֪ѾȥһʱˣĵĻ졣ʵӦ˵һֱҶʣڽҶȻϷʦǶڷʦ֯һҲ˽⡣ȴǼΪϤһ̸ҶҲ¡
ҶҲһЩøУΪҶȻŵӣȴûһ⣬Ҳ⣬Ҳ̣ûвװҶ֪޲ԣ
˽һʱһЩݵͷ˴֮УͷƺܼӣֱӶѾͷɣ˵꣬ͷҲĳȥ
ǰͷҶ֪˵ĵƷʦŴʦˡֻǶԷʵ˲ҹά
ҶЦЦ֣Ǹȥɣ
Ҷ˵ͷæȥ
һ䷿ݣ֮гһ޴ʯʲôҲûУʯϰڷհ׵ķֽһЩװ֭ҺѪҺİɫƿ
ҶѾͷǲأԺɾͲͷˡҪ֪ͷĺæģ
һ񣬵鷳ˣ˵ָָ꣬ҶϣҲμӿ˵ģ
ĻοҶҶСӣʦǣ
ԣҶЩΣΪ֪үүʲô


66 
ҲҶ֪ʦ˭Ҫ֪һû˴·ĻܳΪһʦġԼȻûʦǸһЩʦѧϰġ
˺Ŀ£ҶЩΪˡȲ˵֪үүţǱүүղΪͽǸδ֪ð˼ҵţҪǱүүҲǸʦ֪ˣԷ϶ʲôõӡġ
뵽⣬Ҷǰʦ˼ҲţǸˣ
ҶĻŴʦ΢΢˵ͷȻڿҶָָϵĿհ׷˭ˣΪ˽ʡʱ䣬һɣ˵꣬ڹˣߵһԣóһῴ
ԣҶһЦȻ΢΢˵ͷʾԷ
ҶʯǰһȻԼķƱʿʼ
ҶʱǷǳȵģӵ֪ĸ׳Σһ̣濴ƽȴļ٣޲̷ɻذϳǡûΪһҪ׽ҵвҪʵҪݣ
ڰϳҲһ壬̾нύر밲ϳǵĳҲһЩ顣Ҫң뵥ŵӵݻǲģֻзʦݲŹֻ˷ʦݣܹù˼ҽõЩңԣһǾ˷ʦ
Ҷʵһ̣ԭһԿŴʦ̧ͷͷҶһۣȻҡҡͷƽͣһҶûֱӿʼʣ̫ˡҶûʦʹУӦҲһģ
ŴʦҶȤĿƵϣ΢΢˵ͷ涼ڲģƷҲû˵ܶնԷΪͽģϧһ뵽ͷ뷨
ķʦڷһϵĳɾվ޵ġǰڻûʲôǵڣһЩƷɣ
ϧˣ
ŴʦҡҡͷȻջĿ⣬ٴ˾ϡ
ʱһһȥҶѾǿ״ճˡǿ˵ᳵ·ûʲôѡܿ죬Ҷʼעˡ
ŴʦʱҶĻͻᷢҶǴ˵еġ˶ûҶû˼Թ˲ϾŴʦӣǵģڼҶûͿʼƷʱѾҶˡ
ֹȥһʱҶѾһǿˡõǿһԣҶȡһſհ׷Ȼ׼ҪľǶƷʦ
Ҷûæʣǳһۣ״ʱҶüͷ΢΢һ塣ΪʱǲǺ飬üһŷƱʵҲЩ΢
Ҷ֪Է϶ѡҶջĿ⣬ȻʼʱҲֻϣܹ˷ǰˡ
ȷ鷳ڼѾΣɹѾܴˡΪɹʺܴŸʦῼˡֻЩˣǵģǳš
֮ԽΪʧܣǰʧܹܶΣʧܣΪϵҵİΣ
̫죬ҼҲĸֲ볯ǵһЩƼ巢˳ͻȻ߾ǿߣһЩƼ壬ǲġ
رһΣ뼸Ƽ֮ì˾֮СҪĿǰΣǾֻΪʦֻҪΪʦҲʸԷ̸УԷҲŻ͡
ΪûһԸȥһзʦļ壬Ҫ֪ʦǼΪֲģرǳɳķʦ
ԣ첻ʧܣһʧܣЩƼڲй˼ɣʱҸ֮ʱˡ
ֻû뵽Ϊǵ̫࣬ѹ̫ûƽʱ侲ԭвóֵһЩ󶼳ˡ
УҪ侲Ҳʧܣ
ͣ˱ʣһ΢ƽٴʡ
ֹȥһʱһԵŴʦϣ˫΢գ·Ѿ˯ˡ֮еһһŮȫעڷֽϹš
ֹȥһʱҶһգһЦЦһͬһǿ봫ƷġΪʲôÿζƷɣҶʵ벻ˡ

ʱһԵͻȻ̾һڣеıϣǿɬ
״Ҷŷϣ˹ȥС㣬ôˣ
ɬһЦʧˣ̫ˡҲʧˣûϵģλᣬԵģ
ҶʧܵŷƳһۣ׼˵ʲôͻȻĿٴ䵽ŷֽϣſţֽȻָŷֽϵһͷС㣬㣬Ǵ￪ͷյģ
һ֪ҶΪʲôôʣǵ˵ͷ
ԣҶЦЦСⷽд֪иõķģ⿪ʼȻ󡭡
ţ۾ĴģҶŵַĿ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷԣҾÿԣ
ʵҶʱҲЩգ֪ƷΪʲôɹԼƷʶôˡȫΪ츳ҪǱ͸ǱƾҶڲ֪ƾǶôΪǻƾкܶ౦үүľע⡣
ҶǰûоЩעʲô˲֪ûЩע⣬ԾǿЩע⣬û߹·ΪдԳ֣Щó֣涼дķǳ
ԺǲǸøץһأҶиո뷨еڵ͸Ҷһ
οһСһҶԥС㣬԰ɣԱ߸㿴
ҶĻһԥãҲ֪ΪʲôҪҶǰҶΪҶ˵ķǳţֻΪѾû취ˡ


67 Ʒ
ߣԣͣ٣һʴȥ
Ҷվԣһ㣬ȫעضŷֽһִ󣬻ԥͻָԷ
ŮӣҶЩøеģڼѣԥؾͳˡ
ҶˣôôԱˡ
һʼӦҶķʱлǺģϾһλᣬʵ䲻𡣵ڶʺ;ϲط֣Ҷķԭķò֪ٱ
رҶһԵָ˵ඥǰʧʲôԭˡͬʱҲ𾪣ҶǺηʥЩһЩǰǴδģ
ѹסе𾪣רĵذҶ˵ķ
𽥣Ҷָ벻ע⣬ԽԽҶѾŵԷϵζҶûԳ΢ĳԱơǰŮӵѣȻѣͻضԷ
ҶϸСľٶע⵽۽ǿҶһۣЩмЩů⣬ͬʱҲЩǸ⡣ΪһʼΪҶǹָռˣЩ죬Ҷľٶ֪ԷģЩǸ⡣
ܿ죬һգһӿһĨҶָ£Ѿз״ճھֻʣעˡ
ţҶЦŹ
Ҷ΢Цһ˲Ļ㱣һĸоܿͽоѹȥҶ˵ͷһȻȡʯϵ֭ҺѪҺʼע顭
ע飬͸ǱƾҲ༼뷽ƾǲģϾнָһӦûġ
ǰĳɹҶĻûڻɣȫҶ˵ķע顣
֪ʱԭϵŴʦ˵Ҷ˵һЩ뷽ʱŴʦԭЩ˫۶ʱѩܿ죬϶һӡ
ҶоŴʦ棬ûȥܡؼʱʱǲְܳģȻǰˡ
ʱһһȥһʱĳһ̣͵һգʱзʱ
зʱһȻӿּϲ֮ɫ̫͵رסԵҶҳɹˣҳɹˣĳɹˣġ
ͻȻסҶһ֪ôʱһԵŴʦͻȻȻƷзƷġ
ŴʦĻҲعˣæɿҶϷһĨϼЩȥҶĵ̫ˣҾȻȥһˡ
ҶûʲôЦС㣬ϲˣ
ԣ̧ͷҶһۣҶЦʱٴһҶһЦȻһԱƷзŴʦŴʦңңҵзƷģ
ĻŴʦĿĴƷƿҶȻǿһƷеҶǸ뼼ɡıһƷѾǳˡǰСӵķȻܹƷ
ܵõķ뼼ɣǡ
뵽⣬ŴʦСӣķأҿ
Ҷ˵ͷȻԼǿ봫ݸŴʦ
ҶŷʱŴʦ˶ʱʯˣãŴʦ˹ʧ૵ôܣôܣŶƷƷ
ҲѹŴʦ𾪣ƷҪǳҪǳ߳ļ뷽طʦҲƷģǰСӾȻˣһţ

һԵҲˣû뵽ҶŷȻƷģ죬ƷӿʼʦҵʼûзʦڣƷȻԳˣ
𾪵ӣҶӣебҪô𣿲Ʒ𣿡
Ŵʦ֪Ҷ뷨϶ὫΧŹ
˺һᣬŴʦԥ£ʵСֵܣܷ֪ʦţû˼ΪһҪΪʦҪƼģȻûƼҲǿԳΪʦġ
ŴʦĻҶһݣ֪ǰŴʦпǿЩ뼼ˡ֮ٴԼʦţӦþ̽̽ԼĵףԼʦʲôţˣ˵ûʲôʦŴʦпܻữΪˡ
뵽⣬ҶŴʦǽڵĵӣ
ͻȻŴʦ۾Ĵģʧ㣬ִʦĵӣ˵꣬ɻɣִʦֻһ𣿶ǵǰԶԶʲô
ҶƤһ£֪ǶԷ̽Լ²ɫҵʦ㣡
ҶĻŴʦһ֪̾ǰǸִʦĵӡȻԷִʦĵӣͲʲô뷨ˡ뵽⣬¶ЦݣԶԣǱû뵽СִֵʦĵӣֻϷףСֵܼȻִʦĵӣΪʲôȥ۶μӿأ
Ҷüͷһ壬Ŵʦ֪㲻أĻ¾͸ˣǰ϶˵ģڣ˱ʦƤ⳶һ¡
ҶĻŴʦ֪Լ໰ˣæЦȻأȻء˵⣬һЩŵԥ£ȻҲأи뷨ûʦҵҲûӣ׼ΪҵĹŵӣԸ⣿
ԣԴ֮ͻȻһը죬Ҹ̫ͻȻˡһŻعæŴʦһʦͽ񣬵ʦ˵꣬۽ƳһԵҶɵŴʦͻȻΪͽӦҶԭ򣬲⣬ΪӽԺҵΣѲʧڷһҲָˡ
뵽⣬ٴοҶһۣ΢ЦſԼæջĿ⡭֪뵽ʲôСֺ


68 ŷѣ
ŴʦͻȻΪͽҶҲЩ⣬ܿˡŴʦӦΪԼΪͽģ˵ΪԼǸʦ뵽⣬ҶԽԼǸʦˡΪǱʦڳϼɵޱȣ֮еĵطƴʦ˼ɵ
ѵʦʦ
Ҷ˼ʱǰ뿪ŴʦװɫĳСӻˣŴʦ׳СӷʯϣҶǹķװʦ£סǲСĶˣһҪʱ죬Ȼص۹ǲǷʦݵģ
Ŵʦһ˵꣬æǰǸӴ˿һԲεСͻʱһȻ̧ͷŴʦʦǶƷʦĻ£ҡǲԼʦˣڶŴʦأûн˵
ʱҶҲӴ˿ķʦ³ԲΣԼĴָСڻĸһĸһ֣ҶҲЩȣΪƷʦĻ¡
ǡʱĻҶҲǲŴʦ
ɻı飬ŴʦЦϷûŪСֵƷʦǶƷʦ˱ɻˣŴʦٴν͵й涨طʦ¿˷ʱǿƷȨһƷ
ƷأҶʵƷһȼƷĴȴͬƷЩơ
ҶĻŴʦЦ˵СֵȫԳΪƷʦģΪСֵܵƷ¾һЩطʦ㡣Ϸֻ֮СֵƷΪϷֻƷȨСֵҪƷʦĻ£Ϸ򹫻ܲ룬ֻǿҪһЩʱ䣡
ԣҶлŴʦĺˣƷƷ˵࣬Ͳ鷳Ŵʦˡˣһ£ȸˣ˵꣬ҶŴʦ˱ȭȻתȥõʦݣҶȻڶֻϿϻذϳǡ
ҶתߣһԵæ·ָУȻŴʦһ񣬵ʦȥ֣˵꣬ҲŴʦظæҶ׷˹ȥ
ӣŴʦ뵽ʲôϸֲõЦݣܳһԣִʦ׼ˣִʦմϹϵԺҪܲ練ƣ˵⣬ŴʦЦݸӲˡ
ԭЦ˰죬Ŵʦ뵽ʲô͵ԼԴȻæ˳ȥܱߵִֻʦĵӣҵøϽϢִܲʦܲӦûûؽڡ

⣬׷Ҷ׷ҶЩΣȻϻذϳǣ˼Ҷ׷ˣҲٴתߡ
С㣬£Ҷʵ
ҶһȻɫ֣εллˡҶ˵ŴʦΪͽǿ˶пٴʧܣҶĸм
С㲻ˣⱾСһ׮ûǰСȥ˵ˣҿŶȥҶЦҶ˵ֻһ׮С¡ȻΪкøеԵʡ
ҡҡͷȻǰֵָ㣬˵Сһ׮˵ȴ֮ͬˣҶԺɣСֵġǰҶķ뼼ж󣬴ԼʦϧñʼǼͿԿĳ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿ɫɫѾ²Ըچ£һ£ȸˡ˵꣬Ҷ첽ȥõʦݺҶĲԸ˷һʱ䣬Ҫ֪ȥһ֣ԼĸþԽΣգ
ٴ׷ҶȻӻóһݸҶ֣ҵ壬ú󣬻һˣúлл㣡ҲˣҶ£Ҷȥ͵뷨
Ҷûоܾӹ壬һǣȻͿ첽ȥȻû߼ͱǰǸŵźסˡ
Сӣ֪𣿡źü
أҶüʵʦֻᣬ֪ʲôأ
ҶĻźЦһСӣûŷŷ𣿽ҪŷѣŵȻҪŷѣˣ㽻ȻһԣһҲη壬ϾڷʦᣬҲ񡣵Ȼ˳ɹΪһʦǾģǿϧûгɹ
źΪġźΪʲôΪأΪǿ˳ɹķʦʱǴʦķװʦµġʵҲûγһ⡣ҶΪ£ûȤȥʲô·ΪҶҲûȥϷʦķװ£Ϊʧˡ
źĻҶ˫ǷʦĹػԼĹأǰźΪûôȥҶȻЩˬҲûΪȥԷû뵽ǰ˾Ȼ鷳ҶЩˡ
ҶĻźһâɭȻСӣ˭Ĺأֻ̻ǲ̣
Ҷ׼˵ʱѾǰ֪ʲôˣҲûϻȡʯݸ꣬ķҳ˵꣬תҶȥԼ°ɣûҪΪС˷ʱ䣡
뵽ĸãҶѹеŭ˵ͷȻתߡ
վס
Ҷ߻ûʱźٴ˵ˡ


69 ʦ
ź㻹Ҫ鷳һԵü΢ȻҲˡҶǷ·ûĻһ㣬ǿ첽ȥ
ҶԼźһɱ⣬һһȭҶĺ󱳣
ź㶯ֵһ̣Ҷͣ˽ŲɫҲûԥתȭͷһȭ˹ȥ
ҶԼԺ䣬źǷһĨɭЦݣڹᵱЩ꣬ǳǵһЩ˼ԼǿͿģǰСƨȻԼҵΣԼҪɱӺ
źȻֱӶ֣һԵһâŲ֪ʲôʱѾԵĻߣϣҶ
۳ȴҡҡͷûжֻ֣һ˳˳ؿҶ
ϲ֣ʱˣϧѾˣΪ˵ȭͷѾײһˡ
ǲ
һͷڳһ׼־ˣȻҶĶȴԭء
Ҷȭͷײϵһ̣źаã֪ԼˣϧѾˣȭͷͷѣźоæˣȻ˵һ̣Ҷȴһ۵ǰȻ̧һϥźĶϡ
죡
ǿʹź㵹ɶɳ׺ص˵ذϡȻһ˲䣬Ҷ֪ʱѾٴγǰȻźĵﴦһš
ڵˣҶӲɱɱ÷Ͼͷϣ
ҶԼĵźоû뵽ǰٶȾȻ˿ֲû뵽ڷʦſڷϵԼѵ·ʦı𣿺ô쾳ܿͻعȻһҶ߹Ķһţ
죡
ź㱻ҶһߵĴŵףȻײһʯ֮ϡǸܵʲô겻еķæվϧˣΪҶٴγǰȻͬǰһ㣬һĸ
ң
źĿѣ
ҶǷһĨмûźȥ۸벻ңǽϵٴμӵ˼֡
ʱһͻȻҶм䣬Ȼһŵ˹ȥ
ͻȻ֣ҶһɻȻʱѾղ˽ˣֻԼһߡ
죡
ҶʮȴվԭһȻҶ·硣
վԭزĻܵϵУҶһݣǿǰ߾߾ǿߣ
ҶϻٶҲǶߵĿܲʹӦҲǰ˺һ˲ϣ³ͻһ㣡
Ҷ˼ΣȻһ񣬵лСܽˣ
Ҷǫ̬ȣ΢΢ͷһ͡ŵһ㶼ĸΪǵļһԭҲָҶǼҶãò֡ڼҶǫ̬ȣжʱҶһЩøС
ʱҶǰѹסе𾪣Ȼ֣þϳסģ㲻ɱΪɱ㲻Ҫ⵽ص۹׷ʦҲ׷㣬ջû£鷳ȴǿ϶еģ
ԣҶ΢΢˵ͷȻؿһۣҶ֪꣬Ҷ뷨µģ㱣֤Ժ󲻻ڳڳҲκηʦֻ
ĻҶȥ꣬ζлˡǣȥҰݷãһм£ˣ˵꣬˵ͷȻתȥ
ҶıӰǰз˾սʤ쾳ģʱһΪǿû뵽ܹԷ˾սʤ쾳ţǰԼˡ
ľϵǿǰֻȭͷսʤź㣬ýźʱѾûˣ
ԣһݣǰֻϽĽڵӲǿֲģǰҶȴǳֿȭսʤź㣬Ӧ˵Űź㣡Ҷȭͷýأǵöֲ
ѾΪʦŴʦΪͽˣʱЩŵʵ
ջ˼˵ͷζ֣˵ŴʦΪͽˣܲܳΪʦǸδ֪úøлֻǿϧм¡
Ϊϲʵ
˵ͷȻֿҶȥķ򣬵һƷأʦŴʦҲǼɵޱȣŴʦãΪͽģ
Ʒʦ𾪡
˵ͷ
ͷзһһҪύ˵ǰҶսʵֻ𾪵ĻҶķʦˡһսʵǿһʦǶ˰
̸£Ѿվ򹫻ź㣬ϣǰҴӦ֣㿴ȻӦңûʲôȨģûС
ϿźһۣȻڳʧˣȻڷʦеϵǶ˵ʲôֻ΢鷳һѡҶһʦĻῼǿǳֶԸź㣬ǵ֪ҶݺͲҪˡ
ԣ˵ͷȻתҵȥ

ҶջҵϣȻҪϴȥص۹ĳдϵȻûоܾæҶ˴ص۹Ĵ
Ҷû뵽֮Ĵ;ȻҪٽʮöʯʯȱϾȵĿ£ҶʮöʯٽңȻ߽ͨϳǵĴ
ضʦܲ
һĴɫ۵ͷڼҵţڼͷ۲ʱһ߽˴ߵһüëǻɫͷǰȻеһŷݵͷǰϣǳǷֻԪĸŷ⡣
Ϊϵͷһ죬ԪϷʶǲǸˣ
æûУԪǿҪϵģ
ԣüͷһ壬Ȼӹŷ⣬ϵʱ϶ʱһϣʲôЦҵĵӣҳһŮĻʲôӣĸ˵ıӵȻðϷĵӣ𡭡


70 ͽ
ϷһԻ۵ļͷʱͣϣһ϶İ׷ͷʵƥôˣ
ٴصһ£ȻǷֻһȥֻῼ˷ʦȻԪ˵ϷĵӣԪȻˣϷˣ
ԣͷüͷһ壬Ҳû뵽˾ȻðʦԪϵͽܣѵ⵽׷ɱ𣿶Ǹû뵽ǸǵԪȻ˶Է
ȥǽðϷӵļһץϷҪ˭ȻðϷĵӡǸʲôԪᵽطȥȻһʮƭǰ׻ôͣ϶ԵԸ
ǰϷŭѣԷԸ¶һȻæȥ
ţʱ϶İ׷ͷվƥ򣬴ЩΣԪʶǰϷļӣϷ˽⣬ûӵˡ
ЩΣŭʲôεģֲǲ֪ϷֻһŮԾϷͷıȡôʵϷеĵɫģȻðϷͽܣǺõ
ƥ򣬸ĸĻƢʱߵһͷµȷЩΣԷΪıȡôԷӦǲȥֻῼ˵ģҡײƭǶԷȻȥ˷ֻᣬǾӦòΪıȡôϾûиҷʦᣡ
϶ǰ׷ͷҲæƥ˵еԪôҲһƷʦԷƭġ˵⣬׷ͷ꣬һ£ϣ
Ű׷ͷһ񣬵ĭϣ뿼ʱһŷŷ
ԣĭİ׷ͷϣƥȿŷϣȷʶˣôͷͨ
ͨԵƤһͨһǷʦͨ
򣬾Ǵص۹ԪŵͨҲûʦֲͨΪʲôΪʦͨߵˣһõص۹֧֣£ûӹʦͨ
ʲôϵϷȷǣϷ˱֮⣬ûչκεӣϷ˵ӣѵ᲻֪ͨǣǹչҡ
ੲݣĭһУϵŷֱӳϣŷֽȡ˳ȻҶʮ꣬ϳˣڵӡ
ǽڵӣϴĭĻʵ
ĭ˵ͷ˵ǽڵӣһ½ŵӣƥʶ
ҡҡͷϷȻڽڣǶԽڵһҲûȤ˼Ǹ֪ȥεͷ֮⣬ûκн͸ŵˣ
ԣĭеֽһԣȻͨУȥԪĹְλض
ĭһȻٴγȥ
ףʱĭԱߵһͷŷ֮еһŷͷŷ˹ȥȻȡŷǷƷʺ󣬾ȵȻƷףеĽףþףַƥַơ
ԣ߶ߵͷԱߣĿŷʱ˵ĿҲƲˡ
ƷƷ
ȷ¾쾳û⾫
ַȷƥӣֻЩۣе㲻ʹﵽ̶ѾǺѵˣ
һһ䣬ҲסˣȻŷƷǿʱһȻüͷһ壬Ϊַַ
߹ĭŭƥ㻹˵㲻ʶ㿴ַǳϷ㣬ϷˣϷˣĺ𣿡
ĭĻ˽ǿϣеıŭɼ
ϿЦЦַȷǳһֻĲʶҶ꣬ϷбҪѰǵĿ𣿡
ϵĻĭһ⣬Ȼװŭƥ㵱ĲʶҶꣿ
ϵ˵ͷ
ϵͷĭɫŭʧȻȻϷĵӣϷͿΪͽˡϷҲûͽܣ
޳ܣ
ϷҲûеӣСһϷˣϷΪӣ˭Ҹ˭
㼱ôϷҲûеӣϷҲҪӡ
ʱĭϷͲˣǰϷˣǼϷͻȻе£һˡ˵꣬ĭת첽ȥ
˽һ㶣ȻһͻȻãҪȥ꣬ƻƥϷ˵꣬Ҳæ׷˳ȥ
׹Ҳæ˳ȥϢʱ䣬֮оֻʣһһֱĬˡ
һܳȥЩ£Դеҡ
ɽЩͿʱλ˿ڵ
ϣǺ⣿ɽʵ
ҡҡͷΪͽǿƷǿ츳ǱʮƷ츳ʦ˵ˣңҪȻеĽҲʧ̬ģ㿴ľȣ⾫Ⱦ쾳֮ҲûǷ˾𣿡
ԣɽɬһЦȥʱҾˣֻǰϷѾ˵ʶǸ꣬ĺ˼ȥ
ЦЦȻ㿴ַַǳһһŮŮˣѾͷûȥ˵ģҾǽˣԸҲҵġԼҲȷʶֻ꣬һܣַпѾͷģѾͷɣ
ϵĻɽȻ򣬶ѽԼô˱СˣѾͷ첻µزµԸ񣬺пܽʦַȥİ
뵽⣬ɽæóһżƷϵԶڽڵı
ȥѰҶʱҶѾ˰ϳˡ


71 Σ
ҶϳʱɫѺڣҶûκͣ첽ԼļֻǴʱļûаˡʯڿտҲҶһݣѵĸѾץסˣ뵽⣬Ҷ˲һεɱҶڱӿ
˭
ҶζȻʧڷ֮Уһźɫ񣬿òǰ׼һȭʱæңӡ
ԣҶһգͣеĶѾ¶ӣӣĸأ
˫۷Ҷ𾪲ѣҶʵʵֲ̫ˣûҶôԼǰġҶʻæ֣º¶Էٴĸ׳֣þͽĸƵ˱𴦡ŵȥǰɣ
ӵĻҶһֻҪĸû¾ͺãȥ
ӵ˵ͷȻٴδ϶񣬴Ҷȥ

ڰϳϱߵһͨʯվʯſڣϱһīɫĳһڷذףĿĴε䱸
ұߵһӰСһڷذףͬ䱸
ʯڣһʯǰһʮСŮ˫°ͣĿⶢǰƮ˼ʲô
һСŮϣһСŮСԴСȥ˯ɣӦû취ϻˣ
СŮһˣĻףĻ𣿡
ЦЦȻ˵أҶ֪ΣգǲڵӣҲϻġ
ԣСŮһЦС֪СġǸܴǼ𣿰ĺรΪʲôҪǼҵ鷳أ
ңһ⣬˽еСģײ˺ҶģԲᣡ
ʱתͷ⣬ü
ʯݲԶһϣĿ˵ʯݣһ˶Ϊ׵һˣүѴ̽Ҷĸ׾ͲʯڣߵɽǵӶֻҲ֪ΪʲôҶĸף
Ϊ׵ĲǱˣڼҶʮʱ֪ҶǳȥɣȻҶ֮ĶԹҶŹңŹҪҶֻнҶڣҪҶֻҶĸף
ӶҶĸױ׽ֻлţҶŻɵŻӽڳ
ʱһ˵ʦ֣Ӷʲô⣬ֻҪһսϳǵΰӾͻ֣һ֣лͬϴǰǰ
˵ҲǽڵӣŰεģ֮ԸԸҶļˣҲЩΡΪƽʱǸģû취ܾϾҲ£
ǲ֪ҶǱֻǱҶϾֻһ˾ĽҶڹؼʱûվӵĻԺӱضǷǳѹġ
Աһ˽ڵҲһ뷨
΢΢һЦ·ʦܷģϳǳѾӦæҲ˵İϳǻӲƬֻºҪֳɾͿˣ
г·ĺһϳǵĳӦæ֣ǴѪ˰ɣ
ԣһ鴤·˵ûΪðϳǳæҵȷǳ˴ѪܹҶۻֵõģ
֣ȻӲڳ֣ǶԸǼ˸Ҫ˶ˣԼһҲ׽ɣ·
𵭵Ŀ˳·һۣ֣˵ĵȷеԼֻ֣Ҫһ԰Ϳˡҿɲʲô
Ļ·簵һϺ꣬ҪԼһ𰡣ʱҲþܾ߷ԣȻԷ϶
һᣬ̧ͷ˿ɫȻˣڰϳǵĻӦѾȫߣǶ֣סŮ׽
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䣬ĵӰԾǳ˵ʯݡ
ʯǰأһֻӺīɫ̼ǰǺХīǷһĨмһӣīʱɢУȻһһĸ
һ㿪Ƕٶʵ̫ˣ㲻ˡҪʱһӰȵسһĨĨĺ󾱣
ذףȻǹŨŨĲмջһţתСھнš
죡
СڵذӴָмʱСε˳ȥص˵ϡ
ʱѾ˵ʯ֮Уһֻīɫ׼ͬʱɻΪʲôϳǻӻûг֣
ǵģһǳߴ򶷣ӶڵһʱֵģϴҲˡѾ˼غϣΧȴȻǾĵģӵӰӶû
ڵȻ𣿡𻺲죬Цǲˡ
ԣһݣһʼֻǻɣĻеǵѾʧĸɸɾˡûлӳ֣Լֵܵǰ⼸ˣΣ
뵽ҶݸƷǿ龰һȻҪץǣʬ̤ȥ
ɴ¶һĨ̵Цݣһģ˵һ˲ǰȻһȭԴ˹ȥ
⼸˸ֵ
Է˲ԼǰɬһЦԼԷĲ̫˰
죡
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72 ٻ
ɳȥĲ죬
ǲ֪ʱԼǰԴһƬհףʲôЦ쾳ǿ߾Ȼǰһ־ȳȥˣ
һԵСҲˮ˫ۿǲ˼飡
ԭļ˸Ǵľͬʯһ㣡
ȡ
𲻹еķվ˫֮ǿ־壡ΪŰʮŵţϾһЩųҲܹϼеģǸղţ˵ˣǶԷôֵû
Է߾ǿߣ
뵽⣬嶼ʼڲˡ
ĿһۣȻ̧ͷյһ£ĵֻƽѣƽѡ֮У쳣ԵΡ
ʱҶӸϵˡе״ҶӶһ㶣ܿ죬ҶعˣȻһУ׼Ƚǰĺˡ
Ҷߣ
ʱ˵ˡ
ҶȻЩʣǲĸףһջسȻ
Ļ༸Ҳعˣ²ͣתԾʧҹɫС
ʱеĿ־ݣ찡Լĸ׾ȻȢ߾ǿС檣뵽⣬ֱð亹Ǵ˵еɫ찡ֻƽҪȻҿͲˣ
ʦֵ֣Ҳκˣǣ
ʱԵĳ·˵һ䣬Ȼתǳһȥ
ʦ֣Ҳˡһڵȥˡ
ȥһȻЩǲûгϾڿ˵ǵ߾ǿߣȻԷ׷˭ұ֤Էأ
ԣҪֻиϻؽڣֻлص˽ڲܹ
ү㿴ʣµû취ΪҵĹһپ٣һȻû취ǲ£ǿ߾ǿ߰
£˵ˣֻƽȥǰ¸ҸףҸ֪ô
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ǣϣ

ʯ֮УָҶգһɫˣû뵽ҶѾһӺˡ
ҶỨˣԼڻˡãʵĸף㣬һߣԼĸһǿߣҶЩ޷ܵģϾһʮ꣬ҶжͻҲµת̫ͻȻˡ
˵ͷȻһԵС˻ССԴһὫҵ¶С
ĻԭһԵһۣȻæ˳ʯݡ
˳ʯݣŻǰǰٻһŵӣһżȻĻᣬʶĸף㸸మˣȻ뿪˰ٻ
ٻҶһ˫鲻ԽؽڶеİٻҶȻ˽ⲻ࣬ҲģϾٻǽԪŵһ
ٻֻŮӣҰٻȻһĹ涨涨һٻͲ̸˵ܽ飬һĸŮӷ涨ӵĺǶᱻٻİٻץȥڼп̷
ΪԼǸûĸӳٻҶ鲻ԽصĽ
ףٻǸ˳׵𣿡Сʵ
˵ͷǸ֮ԶʮԼʵΪ˶ǵ׷ϧһǳˡ룬ӦѾڸϳǵ·ˡԣҶСϿ뿪ϳǣȻˣ
Ҷվĸףǰδʹڸ׵£һʣ׵ǻ⵽˰ٻĶ֣
Ҷ˵ס֣һһĨʹ
ĸϵı飬Ҷкһĸףڰٻģ
ҡҡͷǣ㸸ûֻǣ֮ˡҵĻڴС뿪ϳǣǵĿңֻҪҵңӦòȥǵġҪǣûѧٻȵĹҲ޴𣡡
ҶҡҡͷҪһߣĸײߣҲߵģ
СҲߣСᶨ
ǳӲˣҵĻˣЩǾԼЩأַŻҶȥڣʣӦǻģֻҪڽڣٻȵӦþͲȥ鷳
Ҷû˵
֪ĪĸĻ᲻֪Ҷ뷨ֵҶֻҪСܹƽƽĸ׾ǱץذٻҲ޺ˡһʱºԼСҾĿģ
Ҷ̧ͷĸף֮ŬǿΪľ뱣С㲻ˣҾǳΪǿʲô˼أ֮ǲߵģҪ㣬ͱʬ̤ȥ
ףҲߵģСҪԶ㻹иһ𣡡С۵ϲżᶨ֮ɫ
ɵӣɵӡҶС˻Ѿˮ
ܸ˵һĻĸӼȻǾͶˣһȥٻľסϼʮˡ
ʱһκθĮƮʯ֮С


73 
ҶɫǾ䣬ҶվУҪԼĸף͵ȴʬ̤ȥ
ɬһЦվˡ˵꣬ȻҶС߳ʯݡ
ʯⲻ֪ʱŵɫ黨ȹǰӡһ֪Ļ䣬¹£ɢžӨ貵Ĺâ־Ҷ֪˾ǰٻˡ
ԭص˴ʱѾ˵ϣ˻кҶһãֻǻԶѡ
Ҷĸ׿Ϊ׵һĨӣû뵽˰ٻ
зǷһĨЦǰû뵽ɣ츳Զң㲻ΪǸ뿪ٻȣĳɾͿԶڵأֻǿϧˣ˳ƷӵȻԸʶ䣬ΪһѳٻڵھȻֻ߶Ʒ
ԣҶһݣǰԼĸ׾ȻʶֻǺжԹɲ
ҶĸҡҡͷҲ˵ˣ𣬿ͬһķϣһ£ŹҵӡΥң޹ءֻҪŹǣԸع
ҶСһۣȻÿ𣿰չ棬ǱøһһعܴԸǲԸ⣬Ѿɲˣ
޹ģ
ЦһĺӾͲ޹ġʵĲףʲôõģȻΪѳٻ˵ʲôΪİ㣬ͲӦ㣬Ӧô㡣ҲҪ˵֪ٻĹ涨
һĨʹƬ̺ҡҡͷǰҲ˵ˡ𣬿ͬһķϣҵȥ
ܣҾܾΪҼ㣬ҳϣҵȷǼ㣬ڿ⸱ģѾˣΪڵѾֵҼˡ֮ԾܾӦٻĹ治ܹıΥģǱûȥһܴ
˵ʲôʱҶԼĸףȻȥĸףˡܣȻԱãȴĸ׻ͬ
ҲҪ׻иͬ뿪׵ģСŷ֣ᶨ
оӨˮٴδӷ֮˳ҶС뻳ûãûǣûá
һĻһԵļһĨ֮ɫȴǺܿƽȻͬǰˣǰٻĹû˸ΥǸң
ɫƽûһ˿˵ǰȷǼʹӦ˵ֱİٻӶʷΪʱķ񱻳Ϊٻӣʵ츳ԶˣôŬԣʱٻһǷ£
Ȼʹ鼵ʣǵʱǲҵҪ֪ʱķǱȫĶҪưġֻǿϧٻȫӾȻΪһѳ˰ٻõʱĹķζըˡ
ҲΪˣʹȥ˾ãٻȻͨ
뵽ذٻ³һ̾ɷϣһʼҪ׷뿴ˣѾɣʵǱ˺ö࣬˵ԼӦø˵ģֻΪʲôԼˣһֱأ
ѵǹ̫飿
뵽ͷһæͷУȻҶĸˣ߰ɣ
ҶתŷһȻӿҶɲִܣؿԼĸ׻ȥǸʲô洦
֪ǰ˵Ķ֣Ӧ˵֮κһ˵Ķ֣ΣΪĸãǰʥ߾ǿߣҲҪ
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Ҷ䣬ѾʧԭأһƷ죬Ϊ׵ķ
Ҷû˿Ҳұ֪ǰʲô磬֪ʵǲѪʫҲ֪ǲҲ֪һγܾܿͱԷɱΣ
Ϊˣ˵ˣǻ׹ֻأҲԹ޻ڣ
Ҷٶ÷Щ⣬Ƿ񣬾ǷļҲЩ⡣Ϊ˾ܴﵽ̶ȣڰٻҲڳ˰
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סɵҶҶг͸Ըľ磬ҲһĨ𾪣ȻҲû뵽ҶĽܴ͸ľ硣
ҶȥڣΪҶӵ⣬Ϊٻ׷ֻû뵽ҶȻǿʵ
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죡
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ҶǰĳһĨأ뵽ʲôɱһȻҶǱʵܵв


74 ֮£֮
ǰĳҶ׼ٴγʱͻȻ𣺡Ҷ㲻Ķ֣һʩչطסСؽڡ֪㲻Ҳ֪㲻ΪǻȥڲµʱɽڣûգֻҪţҾϣ
Ҷ׼˵ʲôʱ촽ٴܾҾǰ
Ҷ˫ͨ죬¶ʹ֮ɫ絶һ۽ŷСֵСССȻ뿪ףСȴѾǲ԰־塣
Ҷʹ࣬кǲ̣û취֪ԼӵԸɱҲԼȥġ
Ҷüͷһ壬Լߣǿдߣ
ҶұץȥҲᱻֻҪպʵͿٻҡҲһץȥҾһϣûˡԣΪҲҪúûȥ𣿡ҶٴҶһ롣
Ҷ˫ȭգָ״ģϵıѾŤޣԼΪʲôûʵʵĸ׾Υʲôôûʵ
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˶֣ɫһ䣬ԵСҶһСߣҵң
䣬һɿֲԷڱӿûľӨ˲˳УЩͬѩһĻڳʱжʱһͷƤ
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ҶŷٵĿͷȻǰѾСתųŵķɱȥףңһҪҡ
Ҷ仰԰׵¶һĨЦݣȻתڵЩӨĻӿˡľǾסˣΪҶȡһЩʱ䣡
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𣺡סȻȥ£˵ǰٻڲͿԡȥ׷ɱСӣǲõң밲ϳǳ̻ذٻ
˵䣬ζȻʧԶһ̳ʱѾʮɿˡ

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ǰʵһж־չûУֻһ˾ߣǼٻǰ֮ûУ
ҪǿҪ֮£֮ϣûܹƿҶ˵ˣҪؼеĹ뷨ҵˣǱϣҶ˫֣ᶨ
һ̿ʼҶĿǰĿֻĸùϺӣǽҶ֪ƼĿʵǶңʡҪʵĿ꣬͵ӰٻʵȻĿֻһЦ뷨
ǱϣСҶ磬׻𣿡
¶˵̫ˣദʮĸҡһΪ˴˵еĳǿߣȻЩǰֻûĴ˵еǿץ׵ĸĸסһϵеıʣõȿ־Ƿŭ
ΪӡУ״ǲģײܶ˭Ǻͺģ״Ӳ顣ĺˣЩΪʲôҪץףƾʲôҪץף
һ̿ʼǰаСŮһų޵ӡ
СĻҶ˽еСģײµģ׸˵ģ˵µģ˵Ժȸʵǿ֮ȥ
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Ҷһ̧ͷһֻ֪ʱѾͷ


75 һս
ɫ£Уһ˫ûɫͳ˫ĶҶµڤǣ𾪵Ըӡ
ڤֻ߾Ʒּް˵Ӧʧ̬ģȻǰڤǵıûࡣ
ΪһЩԭĹϵ˵϶ӣҲ˵Ͻá˵ĻǾ໥Ȼ˽̤ʮɽڲǾȥ޻أͬģ޸˽̤磬ҲᱻƸȡ
ڣһֻԭóʮɽľŽ޾Ȼูأһһ˾ϣ÷ɻͬʱ𾪵˼Щˡ
һѹסе𾪣һɱӾԲȻв˰ٻպɳ԰ٻ˵ҲǸС鷳
ܵɢɱҶһݣȻжеڵСһȻҲ֪㵽ʲôĴڣ֪϶ԼӰɡĻҴãûУԼӰɣӦץסģ
ҶģҪ֪Ǹ˿ǱǰŮǿ˲֪Ǻ˶ûץǰŮ˾͸ˡ
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㣬ΪʲôҪץǡ
ڿеķСЩη壬ǳʵ
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һЩϲģЩ඼Ʒ£ҷǳ˳ޣ־ŽޣһսرǿڤǣǴδҲû
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ҶһһЦҶģǶĥһٱǣ
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ʫҶһСһȻ֪ʫΪʲô⣬ѾҪˡΪСȫˡ
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Ұٻ뽣ûжԹҶ㽣֮ĶԹҰٻһǱڵҪΪһŵҰٻԹ
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СĻҶҲʫҶûʲôĪģʫܹȳԼĸ׵ĻԼĸײȥֻܿ࣬ᷢĵĸмΪŮ˰оҡ
ڼĿ⣬ʫһ˿̣ҡҡͷҶͺܿɽٻ֮ìܣڳ־ҶĸףǾͲǺܿˣǾˡڽڵʵǲٻʲôìˡ
С׼˵ʲôʱҶֹССˡ׸ȥȵģӦ㣬һȳףһԲ
ءΪʲôҪץװΪʲôСתҶ
һᣬСҶг˯˹ȥ
ԹңʱʫҶʵϳΪ֪ŵҪԸҶˡֻû뵽ǰڰϳǷһĻ
Ҷ໳СԴһʼЩûˡΪõٻѾмˡģ㲻׾ȵģһŬưģ
ҶĻʫеལ΢΢һ촽΢˶վû˵ʲô


76 
ҶǰŮӵıӰһĨӣĬƬ̣ʵôڰϳǣ
ʫû˵ԭֻǵܹԦ̫ףպñ罫ڤٻȻ鷳ϡ
뵽ǰ𾪵ģҶ˵ͷȻһۻеСһ𣿡
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ų˯ȥСҶһܰչĸ˵ʲǿģԵĻ
ʫü΢ٻʵֲܿ˵ǹڵǿߣǰǸٻҲܿġǰǼˣֻǰٻ֮еһСֶӶѣڰٻ֮еʵеƫµġȥǣǾ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷûôɵĸ׸ôĴҲɵȥġС㣬ΪСҲΪһǿߡϾҲԶ߱ӵԼʵ뽣ڣֻҪԺ󲻳ڣٻҲҴ뽣ץˡ
ҶĻʫһɣȻ˵ͷҿ
ллҶ
ʫһӣལǰ㽫ڤҴûؽڣ
Ҷҡҡͷ㽫ôؽڰɣڰϳǻеҪģҲȥʲôɵµģ
ʫؿҶһۣȻǱϵСȥ
ʫСʧʣҶתϳǣңΪǣĸ׾Ͳ֣Ͳᱻٻ˷֡³ɺޣһ˰ɣ
䣬Ҷڤս˵Ȼ󳯰ϳǵķȥ

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Ҽʮ꣬΢֣ջ£ʼҲ߾Ʒڰϳǣԭһ壬ڼĶ𱻽ΪŵӣϸǷޣǰϳǵĳö֡
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ʱһСܽ˴֮С
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ǵģڵ֪Ҷĸ߾ŵ֫عæȥ밲ϳǵĳæȻҲ֪Էû취ֻϳǵĳ
Ϊֻаϳǵĳܹ֧Ԯ
С˵峤˵үģҶĸǰٻΥĵӣѾٻץˡҰٻ˻ȥץܵҶˡԣҰȫˣ
ģϲ
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š͡һǰС˹ͷ˿У׳һߡ
ЦȻֹЦݽ̣Ų֪ʱǰҶ㡭㲻Ǳٻץȥ㡭
Ҷϣ߱ߵǲǺʧأ
Ҷ˫ȲҶ㣬Ҫʲôڴص۹ɱǷģ㲻´ص۹ͨ𣿡
˵Ҹôأǰ־ϣҶЦֻЦЩ
ǰǰ۸ԼһˣΪԼĸС檣ҵѹԼһңԼһ˼ǰϳһҡڣΪңõԼĸױ¶ݱٻץȥ
뵽ЩҶ絶
˰˰ҶĻϷشȻ߾ƷʱѻģһǴδսӹ߾Ʒ뵽ǺǷ
㲻ýˣҵ⣬йӵܶѾˡûɱģھֻʣˣҶ¶˲̵Цݡ
˫Բ㣬㡭ӵһٶ˿ڶɱˣħħ𲻻Źģص۹Źġ
ҶģҲŹǵģǺܿͻȥģ
䣬ͷ˳ȥ
ҶתȻѾȼ¶һỊ̃˺˵ģһʮٱǡ
ʱһɫ׵ĴʿΧסҶһ۵ߵҶǰǽŵӣǰϳǳ֪Ҷĸ߾ǿߣǴҲҺôģûкҩԣȻѾ׵ҶǾֻнˡ
ԣȥʱԴһٶ߾ƷĻˡ֪ŵһ㶼ԽսϳлӶˡһٶھɱ߾Ʒ쾳ҲǶ֣
ǰˣҶǷһĨ̵ЦݣΪԷҹᣬܹʱ֣ԼĸҲᱩ¶ʵҲ
Ҷɢɱ˫һУҶǽڵŵӣȴҲûȨҳţѾҴص۹̷˰¡
ЩҪʱҶѾˣһϳǳͷһѪ˳ȥ
˴󾪣û뵽ҶȻĿ֮ɱ˰ϳǵĳû뵽ٶȾȻ˵Ŀ죬˶ûҶôֵġ
ϳ˫ĴģĿ
ʵûһٶ߾ƷǿߣҶȷǵвˣҪҶ˽ȻڻӶˡ˵ǴδҶҵɱ˰ϳǳ
عҶ˹ȥȻ˻ûͣ
ΪҶУ֪ʱһö£ǷʦĻ¡


77 ֵ
ֹסŲҶһɣ֪зʦڣЩӲˡǰ԰ٻļʱҶҲʦݣջûСΪʦݺĸ죡
ҶеĻ£ϳǻ֮һͷ˳ʵǷʦ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ҶĻͷҶһȻڰϳһʵʦᣬ֪ʦȼ
ҶƷʦҶ֪ǹأ߾ܾĻǰЩȨġ
ͷ˶Ҷ˱ȭȻת˺ȵնӣ
ڴص۹ʦݱһĹݻҪ߹󣬾һЩоλĹʦҲҪġǰɱ˰ϳǷʦ¾Ͳܹܵˣ˻ȥʦύ
ԣû˿ԥתߣϢʱ䣬˾ʧҹɫС
ȥҶ˿еķʦ£Ȼһö˵꣬ҶһʧҹɫС

ǰСʯڣԶ
ʯƮ磬˵Ҷ𣿡
ӳС죬طѾʺϴˡǱϿ뿪ϳǣԶҲڳ
ǰٻǼˣӵڻЩ־ġǼ˵ʵܿģȴڱԷҪץˣöԷɱˣȻڿѾһʬˡ
ҡҡͷ磬ڵȵȣҶû£һǵģ
žǿ죬̾һС죬֪˼ֵܵȷ㣬ˣʹûԷץߣҲһġ
Ϊʮ꣬Ļ᲻֪˼ԭҲǳ֧ҶģϾҶʵ̫ˣǸһԺ϶ڹŵѪӡ
ǵ֪ҶǰٻҪץ˺͸ıˡСˣֻʵڲϣԼòκϵҶٻ֮ȥּĶԹССӶܾġ
Լ˵ƣɫ΢죬ҲûԻڣʵƾʲôһ𣿸ûһ仰𣿰ǲʵ䣬ŵġֻҪమһеⶼ⣡
һֱĬС̧ͷһۣҡҡͷȻŪеС
ƲƲ죬С죬Լ仰𣿺ðɣʹ仰ǶԵģҶమҲֻɵѾͷŻԷһ¾Ͱ϶ԷãǴʶҲֻ氡ôͰ϶Էأ
һֻۣȥ³ļһǲᶮģҲ˵ˡ
ʵҶֻһУԶԶ˵֮ԵڱΪΪСҶĸദʱıġСҶĸ׵ĿУ֪ҶĹȥ
˵ҶԼ˵̬ȣҶľ
Ҷ̣Ҳһ죬ãһȰֵܰɣǼȥǵӶȻΣЩЩ̤ʵ
ҪߣǲߣƲЩ
ԣӿЦЦȻһֱĬСڣСڣ㵹Ǳ̬߻ǲߣ
СڿһۣȻذдˡߡ֡
Ӷʱᣬ׼˵ʱҶ߽ʯ֮С
ʯǰˣҶһ׼˵һӰѾ˵ĻҶʱסˡ
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ЦЦֵܿˣֵܣ˿ѾˡֵܻӶڹ˽ǶӦþֵܵļˡֻǽǼˡ
ҶҡҡͷӽҪ˵Ļ⣬Ǽ˲ֵܿģ£Ҳǡҽǵġ˵꣬Ҷɽ֮ȡѪֿռָһѴ󵶻һذ׵ݸСڣǻƽƷҸлһʱ䱣ĸ׵ıꡣ
æ˰ֵ֣˵ﻰ˵ѾԶԶӶӶļǮˡҲûбõĸףǻǻ𣿡
һԵСҲҡҡͷ
ҶŵʯϵǲҪܾˣһ⡣˵Ĳʲô˵ȴܹʵ
ӻҪܾʱһԵ磬°ɡ
ԣСԥ£ȻʯϵӶҶ˱ȭллֵܣ
һԵСҲǶҶ˱ȭл⡣
õСһۣȻǳʶȤ˳ʯݣʯҶ
ԼСڳȥ쿴Ҷղ˵ĻǲǶˣ
Ҷһ㶣ȻЩãȻ㣬ʲô
û˵ֻһ˳˳ĿҶ
Ƭ̺Ҷ˵ͷʵʯʱȰ룬ʱΪ˱ΣҶûнݣһᡣʵʱҲЩģû뵽ǰԸ޵ŮӾȻϲ
ȻЩ⣬Ҷڿûʲô뷨ģֻиϿʵȻȳԼĸס
Ҷͷɫ΢΢һ죬Ŀ˱𴦣һʱ䣬Щˡ
ĬΣҶԥ£Ȼȡһ뵱ӮýԴǰѳ콣ݸ죬㣬һƽƷ͸㡣
Ϊʲô쿴Ҷʵ
ҶҡҡͷûΪʲôϲ͸㣬Ծ͸㣡
ֱֱҶΣȻŽӹҶǱ콣һŬǿģһŬ׷ĽŲһȳĸסҲҪŵʲôҲҪ˵ʲôȰҵĻ
Ҷһãһֵ̾𣡡
쿴Ҷûʲôֵòֵãϲ㣬Ҿ
Ҷ
ʱҶ뿪ˡҶȥķֲϸָϵöڽָָҶǰ͸ģ治Ҷ͸Ʒ齣һǧöʯ
ã૵һŬ׷Ųġ


78 ִʦĵӣ
Ҷڰϳºܿͱϳǻͷ챨˾ǣǵĸٵŭҶڰϳ˼廹ɱ˰ϳǵĳӴص۹ɷȻҪⰲϳǵĳˡȥ֪ͨ˾Ƿʦķֻᣬ÷ʦһҪϳ֡
ݷʦִֻ²鿴ҶϣҶִʦĵʱԭҪҶ˼˲ʧˡʲôЦȥִʦĵӣȷȨҶΪһɵһСȥִʦԴûżС
ԣִ̫˵ҶĹϽΧڣȥǡ
ʦִֻѣķζըˣҲҶԷʦ˷𣬵Ҫֲ֮ģ˳ҳǵִ¡
ֻû뵽˵ʱ⳯ǵִɫһԲûȨҶܵ۶ֱܲӹϽȥ۶
ûˣһǵĸȻǰ׳գ֪ƷʦҶ϶СԵǵִ´Ҷ
ɽִʦĵӣ˵䣬ִת߽Լķ䡣
仰˺þãȻ亹ˡ죬ԼȻȥ˴ִʦĵӣԼҪ
˵ֻһǵĸƹܾбȨĺүȥɽǰȻȥҶû𰡡
ҲôˣϾҶɱϳǵĳ˼壬׷£Ǵص۹϶ģ׷Ƿʦ˿϶Ҫڴص۹
ֲƸˣΪھˡȻݻһֱϵͳߣҽͱǰΪĴھǴµģͱȥҲʹûڵļֵˡ
׷£׷Ҳ£
˷ʦᣬſڣԽԽƣԽԽᣬ̲סģһССĳһļȻȥִʦӵ鷳ҪıҰң
ȥضʦܲҵɽû˵ҪҶˣֻǽҶڰϳ˵һ飬ȻûͼӴס˵꣬صȴǰִʦĻػ
ãǰִʦû˵һ仰̧ͷһۣûĲΪǰɽִʦȻѾ˯ˣ
ǿŭеִʦ㿴¡

ɽ˫ۣܿһۣȻ˫ۣɻ㣬ǣ
Ƥһƥڱţһǿеŭ𣬽ǰĻ˵һ顣
ٵĻɽüСӾȻȥϳǴĻǸ˶ģҾһȥȻúý̫ˣ
ˣ㶣Ȼִʦɷ
ɽվЩҲ˵һᴦģ㻹ôǲҪҵĵӰ˵ţӿһɻ·Ҫɽһ㡣
ȣִʦϢŭû˼ûУֻҪһ
ɽһ㲻ýһȥة˴£߰ɣ
ԣһˣ˵꣬æתߣⱲӶʦ򽻵ˡ
ȥɽЦһһһǸֵ
ɽȻûмҶѾҶĵˡⲻȫΪҶ츳ΪҶڽھȹĿУļֵһУҶǷʦĵӣֻһͨˣҲ滤סҶΪҶȹ

˸Ҷڰϳռڰٻ鱨˷һʱҶͣͨص˽ڡصںҶȥʫСȻȴǲ֪ʫסģֻգȻȡ
ʯ֮ϣҶСһ˳Ȼ󽫵ѩöݸСһ
ܺöʲôȻõСһﵱϧҪǿ
Сһæ˻СԴ˲С΢΢һţ׼Ҫԣ뵽ʲôСֱһΪѵӡ
СһģҶЦϲͳ˰ɣ
СһҡҡͷȻһĨϹҶڣȻҶ㵵Ŀ£öŵҶеڵ
СһҪʲôСһҶʵ
СһСצ˼£ȻЩ⣬ҶŪˣ˹Ȼʵ˵棬Ժͻкܶӣ
˷ܵص˵СԴ
ҶСһ̫ˡûȥֹֻҪСһˣһоְɡ
ٹСһҶ͸׽ϻȡ˳еĽϻϵķƣҶԥ£Ȼ뽣ϻ֮С
һ뽣ϻϻķƶʱЩһ㣬ٵڽϻšĳһ̣ϻʮƽƷ齣͵شܳϻһԶһƬֵϿա
ʮ齣λϿһԲΣʮ齣ɵԲȦתţĳһ̣ʮ齣ͻȻ⳯£ȻͻȻ͵س·Ƭֲȥ
䡭
Ƭ͵ը˿һɽҡضľҶա
һ̣ʮ齣һ֮ݺ裬Ƭ̣ƬֱΪһƬͺͺƽء
ƬͺͺƽأҶ˹ǿĽ󣡡
⽣ҶˣţһЩƷĽû׽󣬷ķ齣ǽָǾû׽ģ
׽иȱ㣬ǾҪĵʵ̫Ӵˡڴ߶ڼ䣬벻ϵĽԴԴϵع䵽ϻڣŻתڣ̶̵ʱڵҪݽˡ
Ҷæֹͣһֹͣڳݺʮ齣ͣȻһɻ˽ϻڡ
ԺԵǱĵưеĽϻҶ
һϹҶǰСצָָҶĽϻȻָָҶ
˵⽣ϻŽСڣҶʵ
˵СԴ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷЩƣΪ֪ôնԼڣֻܿСһŪȥɣ
Сһ˵СԴȻСצһӣҶеĽϻûҶڡ
̧ͷߵһĨǰףҶȥ󿴿ûʲôĹҵþ찡ĸףһҪҡ


79 
ҶûϢֱ˹ҶڽūĳɼҶҲ˵ǽڵˡһ··ϵŵӽǶҶʦ֣ԴˣҶЩΣ˸Ȼñ˶Ҳһһϵı鶼ˡ
ҶſڣһųϾסҶСӣҶ
ҶһȻ˵ͷǣ
ųЦЦƹܹĴ࣬СӲȻܴڶʮ㣬뵱ϷڵʮͰ˰ܲúһưΪȡһõΣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻϣܽѡ𣿡
ԣһ£ڹأŵѡҪɹ׵ģͨͨڣϷڻ¥ѡһƽ׹ڻ¥ϵ¥¥¥ȾͲϷˡ
ĻҶǰĳ˺øУ౧˱ȭлϣ
ЦЦȥɣһЩƽ׹Ƿǳģ
ҶٴлȻ߽˹
¥ЩϵľʱҶлǷǳ𾪵ģ벻һšЩƽ׵ĹʮʮĹһ¥¥ʲô
ѹסе𾪣ҶߵߵĹʱѡˡļ粽齣ָԼǸƵĺ˶ûȫգʵڲʺȥѧ
̰ãҶģ
ЩܹĹҶֱԹ⣬رСпϣֱ֮ߡ㲻ϣСиĽɫҲˡ
ҪҵһܹĹȻʱ幦ǷǳϡеģҶ˽һʱûҵһܹĹ
ֹȥһʱҶʱĿͻȻһȻ첽ߵһǰֽײһ˴Ļҳֻдţ幦ǡ
⼸֣Ҷһϲæ˿
ǹأһأӲƤڶأʯǣأͭƤǣأ塣ÿһεõʵķԾأһ˺
νܣҶ΢ʧǵģʧ⡰ǡЩˡΪڵʯǡֻҪŬ£ӦþܴﵽͭƤǾҲ˵Ȿ˵ôر󣬲ûеҪãر滹ķҶ˵Ƿǳġ
ᣬҶ׼뿪ʱҶ۾ƳڡǡλԱߵһᣬдŻƽƷնνʱҶһû뵽ȻܿˣӦǷŴġ
ںĵʹ£ҶȡⱾᣬն֣õ֡˵꣬Ȼ˾ᡣ
նνƽƷ
ſţҶ۾ϸǳ˷֮ɫԼʱҶź˾ᣬǸöû
նνҶк֮ͬءһɱҪҫΡȻ˵ǺǿģҶ֪ҪŽǷǳѵģΪҪٶȡ׼ȷϲܴﵽնνЧ
Ա˵ǳѣǶҶȴǣΪ˵ӣֻҪŽĺˡǰҶúʱ;ȱʲôڿʱ֪ȱʲôˡ
ȱǰνһ˲ıǰĽǲװʵģĽװʣڵҲװʣΪҾ鷳ڿռָһͳ෽㣿
뷨ҲûҶĺȴǲΪ˽ѰȻһɱҪһ㣬ǲҪٶȣҪҲնν֮аνһ˲
նνҶԸõԼкˣҶЩ˷ܡ
պᣬҶ¥Ȼǰ೤ϣѡ
Ҷеüͷһ壬幦Сӣѵ֪һǳʹ𣿶Ҵﵽ󣬾Ϳ壬ȫûҪȥģ
ҶЦЦû£ҾȻǰ˵ʺ壬ǰ֮еĺ⻹Ҷ΢΢һů
ҶĻҡҡͷȻֿҶһᣬҾͲ˵ˣնν㵱ҪҪ֪ҽڴǽٶҪ죬˽Ѵ̳ȴǻڰνҪԴġ
Ҷлϵĺ⣬һҪԣ
ҡҡͷСӣɱͷҶ죬ͷ⴫û˽幦նν⹦ã⹦Ѷʵ̫ˣЧҲñ뽣áԸĻҿȥ
ҶЦЦлл೤ϵĺ⣬ӻԣʱ̫ѣȥ׬ȡɹ㿴ô
ҶִҪ̾һˣʵǱû׼⹦סڹ⴫һڱ黹ȻҪܵصĴģ
಻ȰҶһæ˵ͷ
ǼǺúҶŹȥھ䳡ʱһϤҶͣ˽ŲȻԴ˹ȥ


80 ̨
ҶϤǱˣǵСѩʱѩǰһšѩӵ󣬻վʮŵӡ
ѩҶʶԱߵһָѩҵ˵ʲôҶʶΪǵìܵĽԴ
Ҷԥһ±˹ȥ
Ҷյ󣬾Դݺݵѩһλᣬ˼壬߽ɢ壬ȻԺû֮
ѩС壬Դ۲ˣ³ڶС֮ʵΨһܹ忹ġֻҪС壬һŵŰϵЩųΪŵӺŵ֮оΪˡ
ѩûԴǿ˽ԴԵӣһĨɵʦ֣ŰϵǿߣһŵӣѵЩССֵҲȤ
нĵЦЦѩʦãҲ֪ڹ¾ſˣȻֻŰʮҪΪŵӻûʲôѶȡ
ǽʦΪ뽭Դʦãѩɻ
ĿѩȻѩʦãҶЩССûʲôȤֻȤֻҪԸΪҵĵ£ҳְշСҲʲô£
û˵󻰣ΪһʵŵӻΪµĿŬЩǲŸʲôСȤģǳ֣ͬɨҶ
ĵĻڽԵĽԴɫһ䣬ΪŰϵĸֿǻ˴۵ģԭָԷһͳµأû뵽ԷȻҪΪһŮ˱塣
ѩЩŵһߣŭŽģǼɵԸŰϵĵӣͳˡ
Щӵŭݣľûһ㣬˫ĿֻѩϴšԭҲ׼ｭԴʲôСģǼѩʱı⡣ŮӱͲ࣬ƯľǸˡԣڼѩһ˲Ķˡ
ѩɫͳˮŽģǷһĨЦνŰϵĸֵķ緶ǱоС˶簡Ȼǿĵ£УҿԵĽԴ磬ûӵ̶ֳȣ
һԵĽԴаʹ죬ѩڸԵŰϵĽԴȷ˭ǮİȴҪԼĶֶʹ졣
˫âһѩʦãҪΪԼ˵Ļ𰡣Уʦҿûǿ㣬ʦֻ˵ϣҵĵ£ȴǳʦ֣ԣҪҵǸҪҵս̨ս
ĵĻѩһƬȻ˻ع󣬶ʱŭ޳ܣԴһЩӿʱ¶ı飬ԷŰϵĵӣȻսһ¼뽣ڵŵӣһ̨̫޳ˣ
ѩɫ࣬Ҳû뵽ԷȻ޳ܣǸǾԲܵģǽܶԷս̨ԷǲɱҲᾡġȻѡ񲻽ܣܣΪСŸոմսԺڽյˡ
ѩΪʱһͻȻڳ𣺡ս
һԴ뽪üͷһ壬ѩȴһϲΪҶ
˳ԴȥҶʱһƬȻ
ҶȻοкϷˣ
̫ˣǽĿƷǿߣҶǷ˾սʤԷ𣿡
Ͳ֪˰ɣҶܴڶʮţˣʮʲô֪֪ǸԴɣǸԴ쾳ʵֻܹʮ㣬ҶȴǴ˵ڶʮ㣬֪ʲô
ĸ˵ص𣿾ᣡ
ҶʵѾԶʤһ쾳ֻ֡û뵽ҶȻΪѩͷѵѩ㣿죬Ҫѩҵġ
ҲԼĸƵģѩῴ㣿

˵УҶѾѩԣѩ΢΢ͷǰû֣Ҫ뿴ѩôǽѩĴӦԷǾֻ˵ˡãѵѩûʧ
ҶѩҲЦŵ˵ͷ֪ΪʲôֱǾǸŰϵĽľԲҶĶ֡ȻûҶɱԴһĻҲֱ
ҶʱĿҶʵҶҲǷǳɵģ˵û˲ɵһ츳ǱҪŮĴڰ
ҶתͷģѩѣҲѩˣ¾ˣԺ鷳ԣ
ҶЩʾĵʱµˣǰңô㣿
һԽģҶ˲ˣµ˵ͷȻ߰ɣȥ̨
ҶĻɫƤһҶѩ£㵱Ҫֲɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ˣѩҵѣˣϻˡȥ̨ڲܽˣҶһǲģΪʵ޴֮
ҶͱˣкâһҶҳʵ츳ǱΪͿ۸ŰϵˣŰϵֲģ
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87 Ѫɷ
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ѩʦ㣬ҶʦôûѩԱһŵ̲סʵ֮ѾһЩԹ
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Ҷٴν״̬״̬֮Ѿҹˡ

ͻȻҶΪģҶԵЩҶͻȻƮҶΧЩ֦·𱻿紵һ㣬ҡ
ƮҶԽԽ࣬ЩҶһ֧εڿһ㣬ҶΧƮΧЩƺڱʲôݲһ㣬֦֨֨ϵҶҲڻƮ䣬һʱ䣬ԵЩ졣
˴Լʱĳһ̣Ҷ˫۶ȻкһҶǰҶʱ仯мͬʱҶνΧ͵һɨ
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ڳɻؽһ˲䣬ҶΪģΧļʮŴȻ֦Ҷ
УǰһеҶʫ˵⾳𣿡˵꣬ҶתŹȿȥν⾳ûʱȥĥ֪ʲôʱˣֻϣҪԼ
Ҷ߳ȿʱĸŹװ̫塣


89 ɱ
Ҷ˹ȿ׼һ½켸ţȻȵȻûҵһŵӡҶģŹһȦҵһڵ۵ӡ۵ӿе֪Щ˶ȥ̨
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ǰӵģҶЩƣбҪһģ
׼˵ʱͻȻתɽ˺ҶˣҶˡļӳ£ʱǹ˳е
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ҶοʲôĿԵЩ΢΢ͷȻ󻺲̨
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ܻ˿ˣȻҶ˶ҽڵţ˭ҽڵʧ֮ĶԹųԸǵ⣬Ƿսԣ
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˵꣬ۡһһѪĲӴ˳Ȼ𻺻ȥ
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̨ͬʯˣҶߵǰϵɽȡȻ̨ȥ
ǰĽսУҶǸ⡱һЩôǾѹǰʩչǡ⡱ʱԵĸо𲻹ƻǱٶȶѹˡ
ҲΪˣܹ˼򵥵һ
Ҷţ⡱ԶԶֹЩΪõ⡰⡱ʱƻǳٶȶҪ࣬Ҳǿࡣܵ˵⡱һʹʵࡣ
Ҷ̨ʱ˲ŻعȻѩߵ˶ʱĻǰҶٵõûЩƵӵǸʲôһɱڵǵЩŵӵôˣô
̨µѩ𾪹Ҳ¶Цݣӽŵ˿ɵУ
Ⱥ֮еĽԴعһСԭΪҶʵ಻ΪҶ͵ϮһսĻ߳ɵİմҶġ
ǰʵȻ쾳ҶǷ˾֮ĲȴǷǳģԲʱܹ׷ϵġ
Щŵȴ֮УŰʮţ쾳ɱˣʲôŵӶҶĶ֣Ҷֻһ˾
пʵõŵӶ޷ܣ
ҶûЩӣֻȥȺúоԼġ⡱ȻȥμſˡԭĸױץҶŵƺѾôˣС뽣ںбҪڽڵĵλܸõıСԣȥμſˡ
ʱһ׹⻮һ˳̨ϣ
ˣԭǳֵ̨¶ʱΪܹĴ߾ǿߣ߾ǰǿɲҷ
˳ȺɨһɨȻѾ̨Ĳܻܻ˭Ҷ
ܻһ֪ǰΪʲôҪҶɲʣǰ˿ɲǵģָָ̨µҶǣ
˵˵ͷȻҶǰҶ󣬵ִ֮ǰȥ̫߰ɣ
ܻǰǰ˵̬ȣȻҶЩɻ󣬵ɲҾܾµ˵ͷ
һӣҶʧԭء
Ҷǰֻ̫ʱҶɫʱΪ̫֮վеһǴץĸ׵ķ


90 ǽڵӣ
⣬֮еλϷվһͷѩ׵ˣ˵Ҳ·վһŮӣҶʶŮҶȴʶΪʫ
Ҷ֮ʱ˵ĿⶼϣԭҶЩɻʲôִΪʲôҪڼʱеˡ
߲ƣ
Ҷһǰλһ񣬵ŵҶִϣ
׷΢΢˵ͷȻˣλԶЩˣʫλȥϢ
ʫü΢Ҷһۣԥ£Ȼߵ˷ǰ
˲⣬һЩ죬Ҫ˵ҡҡͷȻˣ
ʫ΢΢ͷȻת˳ȥֻھҶʱҶһۣһĨǡ
ҲǿҶһֻۣûеǣеֻǼ
һĻҶһʱΪ׵˿Ҷʵĸǰٻĵӣ
Ҷвѹȥ˱ȭǣ
ٻҪҽڽãô׷˿żɽ
ҶһȻԳЦЦִϣǼȻѾôҪ𣿡
ҶЩԹĻ˳Ĭˡ˵˼ǲԸ⽫ŵӽ˵ģΪẮŵӵġòٻʵȽڻǿ࣬Ұٻźܺõɣ
ǽˣضẮӵİ
ʱҲ·һӥǵ˿ڵʦ֣ҽѾͬˮʵڲٻԹٻ˳ɣǲˣԹٻҪ˿࣬ʵΪǣ
˵꣬תŴҶСӣزʶ˵Щ㣬ֻΪ˽ڡǻܻҪ𣬿ңҽг𣡡
Ҷ˵ͷԵСӼˣܻ϶ҳǰָ˵ģ
ԣΪ׵ĿҶһۣǰСǰ갡
͵ؿҶһۣСӣݵʵΪ˽ڣϷҲȥ
ǰһ䣬ʦүŵʲôҶͻȻʵ
üͷһ壬˵ʲô
ҶΪʲôôҪţΪź󲻽ԴһԺ󲻻ᱻ衣ٸ򵥵ӣǵףЩӵ֪ǽڵĵӣֻһŵӣҲ࿴
ʦү޵֣Ѿûܹ۸ΪʲôҪڣã˼ҳΪĵͳ⣬ΪĵŽΪֻŽʹ˼Ҳˣĵɲᱻ۸
ܵ˵ŽᣬһֻŽŲᱻ衣ҲûʲôǼλǰýȥЩӻ룿Щ룿
һܱԼӵţλǰǾû˼𣿻˽ǽڵӵһ𣿻ΪȥŬܶ𣿡˵꣬Ҷĺһ
ҪĸףҪȡһ»Ļᡣȡ˾һĻᣬǲȡǾһᶼûˡ
֮˶ĬҶ˵˺ܶ໰ֻһǣǾǾ䡰ܱԼӵţ˼𣿡˲òϣ仰˵ķǳе
ǲҶٻҪ֪¿ǲҶ˵ڴٻʱ򣬽ʵǲʺٻԹˣӦ˵ΪһŵٻԹֵá
뵽⣬Ե˿Ϊ׵֡
λ΢΢ͷȻҶҶĻЩҽ֮нյĵλΪŽᡣԣҽǲԼŵĵӵģҶһϲʱֵҶȴҽڵӣ
ҶЦݽסִĪҪڣȻڽӽٻ
ҡҡͷֱӽ㽻ٻʲôҵ˼˵ҽڵĵӡ
ҶѾͨſˣ
ֵҽڵŵ
ԣҶͫһ˵ĻͻȻ뵽Ϊ˼е¶ûвμǸŵӱ䣬ڴ˵ڳϷװӼлؽںȴǽ¸ˣҲ˵Ĳǽڵӣ
ãҶҡͷЦ̨ϵļһۣԭλǰѾЦһΪתЦ
̾һʵҲľΪ˽ڣòڲͬգȻͬΪ󳬼ǲǶĸֻǵµĵӶǱȲϰٻġ
ڹ뽣ѾͬˮٻͻȻվǱߣǶԽ˵һѡ
Ҷ˵ǸŵӺĵ¸֣ΪҶֻĵʧ
ִϣֻܲҶȥŹãҶ̧ͷ֣ʵ
ҡҡͷٻҪã
ԣҶһ˫ۻգһ̣Ҷ˫͵һε͵رƳʱҶеĳͻȻһ֮
ҶĿ⻺ɨˣΪ׵ϣӴ˿ҶǽڵӣֲԸŹʱҶĶԽˡ
˼Ҷɢʱɫ䣬벻˼顣
ʧһ㣬૵ôܣôܣȻǽ⡭
ãţҲգ
ʱһ˴Ц߽˴֮У˵ԣһСŮСŮǱˣǱ


91 ڣ
ɽҶδɢƣһĨ˷֮ɫЦŵ˵ͷϷǼϲĻɻֻǷ˾Ϊʲôô֮еĽҲôˣԭ˴˵еĽˡ
ҶһȻ˿ֿ˿ˣƺʲô
ҶģܹȥҶһţݼʦ
ԼǱʦҶعæǰһ񣬹Ҷݼʦ
ǰ˿ҶȻȥƨɣǴ˿Ҷ֪˶Ӧûġǰû׼ܹסãͶ·Ȼˡ
ҶаʦɽЦŨˡڣҶʦͽȷˡͬʱҲҵҶ뿪˳ǣûǼϲҵҶȻڷһϵ츳ڽϵ츳ĵӺܾܿǱ˵ˡ
ʱЦеүүյӲɣʱıһһʲô£Ȼȴҳ佱ģ
ɽ౦СԴЦѾͷһˡүү֪ʲô⣬ģүүٲĺô˵꣬ɽҶߣǻطƷ塣
Ҷԥ£ʦٻȻʦҶЩĵģϾٻʵɲȽСǰճΪʦǲԸٻǸδ֪
ɽ˰֣ģһң
ԣҶһôԼðȫˡ²ԥʵĸɽԡ
ҶתȥʱڻعһһӰҶǰֶɽ˱ȭִʦҶǽڵĵӡ
ɽſһۣǰһΪҶǹڵأȻΪʲôҪȥأ
ЩΣǱ˷϶ͶԷһģǰҵ˵ˣҲҵʦġ¿ɬһЦִʦ˵ЦˣҽھὫڵĵӽȥġǰЩᣬֻᡭ
ɽ˰֣֣һףԭһ뿴ҵӵķ뽣ڶǩЭ飬ҾȫûֱҪˡ
ϵЦݸɬˣ˲֪֪ǰ֮ڣȫΪǷʦ飬Ȼ벻ɽַƴʦġʱûҲûȥҶΪʲôΪɽĵӣֻиͷǾǲǰ뿪ڣ
ҶһĨڣû뵽ǰȻ˽⣬ⰡѾ궼ûֹ˰ǰ֪ǰ˽⣬˵ٻˣǵԪҲԥ
ǳŴʲôŽպض𣬴ڰڽһʦǿľǿػڡϧǰľضǰԽ˲õӡ
뵽⣬һҶǰϷǸֻҪԸڽڣٻǱߵҽڻ㵲סҽպصΣ
ʱҲߵҶǰСӣϷҲΪղŵǸ
һһֱĬҲҶΪ˸ղŵ¶ǸҶֻһһţ쾳ҲǸģǵĽҶ˽⣬ڽǰǲòͷ
һԵɽĬˣ֪ԽڴʲôֹҶڽڣǾǰѽµ｣ڣǽͷͲòӡԣǲȫҶԼѡ
ҶûпǶãҲҪǣµлִ뼸λǰĺ⣬ˡֱԣֲ˵ţҴɲ´ڱͳȥߣִҲ˵ǽڵӡ˵꣬Ҷˣʦ߰ɣ
ǵģ¸ҪǣҶ֪ǰЩΪʲô̬ȴı䣬޷Ǿʲô⣬ǵģЩ˿еĽ⣬û⣬Щ϶硣
ЩΪŶⲻܣҶû̶ֳȡǶǣֱӾܾ
ҶĻɽ¶һ˿ͣҶΪŵͻת⣬жҶǻۿ۵ģΪ̫ûһ㡣ãҶûлת⣡
ֻ˵ʲôɽѾˣҶֱ߳˴֮С
ҶıӰʧڴſڣʦ֣ҽǧѵóһţǲ뿪ڰ
ҡҡͷɬǽѾûһøУûִʦΪٻԭӦڽڣִʦҽڶ˵ǿпˡ
ҶʲôʱΪִʦĵӣʱһԵһɻʵ
һʦ
ʱʫ߽˴֮Уʫһۣʦʫʧʫû뵽Ϊ˽Ҷϧ֧ʫû뵽ʦȻҪҶȥҽʵǲǰˣҽҪ°ٻ𣿡
ŰٻļȥϢæϻֻǻЩˣſҶ֪ҶѾ˳ڵϢԭʲôģֻҶ˵ִϲڵݣҪýȥʱûȰˡ
ȻҶǺϤҶƢЩ˽ģҪȥ̫Թ޽ڣҪýȥǴۣ£Ҷڻڡ
ûʫָЩ͵ʵʫ˵Ҷһʦ
ʫƽ飬һʦ֮еĽڽūʱ˵ڶʮ㣬ӦԺɽ뽣ūҲ˵ˡ˵ֵ꣬һܹԦ޵
ԣ֣һԵ϶¶˿ɬЦݣʱǿνǳӶˡһ⣬һʦǸϳ˽ڣܲ
ֿɬҡҡͷʫȻǷʦ˽⣬ΪʲôǣǣǵٻҲԽںĵģ
ʲôʫɫһ䣬˽⣿
ѵ㲻ִ֪㵵
ʫһȻת߳˴


92 ⣡
һ󣬽ŵӿھУѾҶˡ뿪̫ҶȥСӵ˷Ʒ塣ƷֻбүүƽʱģСǸ˵òУϾСΪãԺ˭۸Сǵ۸
С뱦ͬãҶҲǸˣֻЩƵհݵʦԴӻصƺ󣬾ͱᣬ죬һӵľʱε
Ϊ˸ʦһӡҶҲĶһʼЩƣǿſͿˡΪЩ᲻ƴʦľ뼼ɣǳķؼ
νķؼָһЩϵҶһʼΪֻҪʦԸ⣬ͿԽϣʵȻҪһϣǷǳǳ鷳ġ
ΪҪʦľз¼ľࣿҪз¼ֺ临ӣرϵ·߸ǸӵһͿҾǽЩ¼ҪʵܹɣΪһһ˿ǻġ
֮һŷؼǷǳģһͨĻƽ׷ؼҲܹϰҵġ
֪ؼҶŬˡҶɽ˽
ҶˣΪʫˡ
Ʒڽߴ֮һȻ˵СҷƣʢĲ֪䣬ɾֻ̫ЩҶСΪķƷ
ƷһǷƵƽʱɽסɽס档һס޵ĺǺֻбһס棬ԣڶһҶС
Ҷ֮УʫҶĲ𣿡
ҶʫָʲôҡͷЦʫ˾˲ңҲˣԭҲڵԼļңҵҫҲΪڵΪ١ǽôҵأڼλվڽڵĽǶûֻҲԼԺڱԣ㲻ҪȰˣ
ʫĬˣҶ飬˭ҲܵġֻĲϣҶ뿪ڣΪ˽ҶֻڽڲŻиķչϾһȫ޽ţ
ˣҶͻȻϴα˵˸Σգǲʫ㣿ϴҶЩɻ󱦶ɽôȥ̫ºʱ֪ԭ֪ͨ˱˱ΣգҶһ뵽ľǰʫ
ʫ˵ͷҵ֪ٻʱҾ֪ΪģΪñȥ˵Ҿ֪ͨ˱ֻû뵽үүȥˣû뵽ʦ֧Һ˾
ԣҶһůлл뵽ʲôʵˣٻأڲҽȥǿ϶ưոݰɣ
ʫǲưոôɽʦĵӣڷʦˣǼȻǰٻİٻûִʦ鷳׿ִʦʦݣִʦ߾ʵҲʸ鷳ġ
ԭˣҶ˵ͷʲôдºóˡ
˽⣬ڽڻиõķչϴε㱣֤ԺԲڷΣʫЩģԭҶûʱˣ˽ҶǷŵһﶼܹţʵڲϣҶպתͶ
ʫҪȰ뽣ڣҶЩЦãʫһţûҶȻһţʵǲҪˣ
ʫһ̾ȥЩ£ʹŬҲǲˡ
ʫҶסʫ
ʫͣסŲתҶ
ҶߵʫǰȻҲǽڵӣǻǻȥμǸưģ
Ϊʲôʫ⡣
Ҷڸңûиң㣬ҶڰϳǾڰٻˡ˵㣬ǽڣҲμưΪ㣬Ϊ˽ڡ
ʫĬãңǾͻؽڣΣ
Ҷҡҡͷļ֣Ҳҵļ֣ҲûбҪΪ˽ڶίԼһҪǿʢȷ벻˵Ŭܶǿһ˵ŬͿԵġ
ʫµ¶һ˿ɬ᲻ףҲŬУ˵ҵڽڲͣȷҵݵȷͣΪǽŮ
ҶһԭΪʫֻһϣʲôʵȨϵŮû뵽ʫȻǽŮݿɲȴص۹һ㹫ݵͰ
ʫֱҶ˵ưǰ壬ȻҸһ׷ҵĻᣬ֪һǲһưǰġԣưɲزμӣ
ҶһЦһɽɢʫ֪ѶɴˣҳұݸˣΣҶΪݶηӻԱ𣿲ֻҸŬ
Ҷɢ⣬ʫɫݣãһ̾ЩΪʲôˣ
ҶЦݣʫʫҳʵСĿеı׼ֻҪԸʱ䣬ҾͻŬŬӵܹӵʵ
ǰҶʲôаҲ֪ǰʫ㲻ǰҶǳʫУѾռĶǰŮӶˡ
ȻǾͿڣȻǾ͸޼ɵرʵ֮Ĳ࣬һ־ŬҪ
ҶʲôӵΣֺ࣬ص۹ʼܹҳɾһҵ꽣ڵʦһһ޵֣ҶΪʲôܣ
ûΪ䲻ʫ
ҶĻʫɫᶨޱȵҶһѹסãתĿԴ˵⣬ߵſʱͣ½ŲԪһԪҹţһƷʵͻɱ߾ǿߣԪŵŰֻŵʮġ˵꣬ʫͣʧſڡ
ɱ߾ҶһЦһΣҶξ֮


93 
ư񣬻ӪĸףҶòŬǿҶʱһԭϰĳϰ
һºҶѾܹлˣȫƷҶɽķܲѡҲΪɽڷҶ󲿷ʱɽ˵ֻҪҶһܹҶʱ䶼Ҳܵġ
棬ҶҲԽԽرˣɷΧʮɷΧҲ˵Ϊģܹʮڽֱʹá
ҪƽЩѶȵģϾҪһĶãֻҪı佣һλþͿԵġҶģΪѾܹϰһʩչʽ
նνİνҶҲǽСڰνһ˲ֱţϸĻԼ
ҶǸ⣬ѹ⣬ҶָһЩôǾһǵģһʩչʱ⽣⽣һ
⽣ⲻܹѹǶԲľҲǿԣΪûǳʵ飬ѹ£ǵսǰɣҶЩɻĽСһƺûʲôãӦ˵úССһʩչʱСһﲻûбѹƣһѹѹҶЩЦá
Ҷ޴⣬ֵһ˵ҶСС츳ˣ̶һµʱѾƷȻ벻ɽָΪɽڱҪСŮɽЩģûͷǳˡ
ȻСҲеƤǱȱСħŮöˡСرТ˳ÿ⣬ɽóԵġСħŮôĥͻȻһТ˳Ůɽжˡ
ɽСϲÿ춼һʱָСԴǸСȡɽĲƸ˵һСˣһСʲô¡
ɽϲСҶǲ˵ģֻеƵǣȥɽĻɽͻһڷƵֻ˷ƵɽŻָ
ͬģƷԴҲҪȡЩƽ⣬Ͼɽͽܰ
Ҳ£ҶڷһĽǷǳ
Ƶ֮УҶһʯר־ɽСʱһ˳˳ؿҶƷ
ãҶһգһƱһԣȻתɽʦˣ
ɽȡзһƷص˵ͷܺãʱ뱦ĻѾȫգҿʼȳһ;Ҳһطʦˣ
Ҷ۾һʵʦʲô
һԵıҲǿɽȻɽǳڷһ϶ȴǼΪϸûѧûģǾģҲ֪ʲô
ɽЦЦѧǻǶõģȴǣĴڣܹģֻֻһ԰ˡߣҴȥ˵꣬һСһű߳˴
ҶȻҲæȥǷǳ
һտĵطɽһгһŷ˿ҶҲǿΪͼм߼˵񼶡и߼൱һһԵĵؽڴ˵൱һһԵеŷмƷǿˡ
˵꣬ɽɽеʱһ⣬ɽһףֻ˲䱬ѿȻһֱ۴ֵľǷ֮гȥ
䣡
һ¡˲ԶĿյը˿ʯм
ɢȥҶСŮ˹ȥ߰ɿľ޴ʱ˶סˡ
ҶȻع˹мֲ̫ˣȫʩչ齣ҲŪЧѧһҪѧ
عһܵɽǰסɽֱۣҡڵүү̱̱ȱѧԺ󱦶˭÷ըһ£
⻰ɽߣǰ֮ԲɱΪ֪ԸԲ˵Цģ˭ǵ϶ǻԥԷӹȥģһԲֹһ
һԵҶҲֱð亹Ժл֪ͨѩǧǱȻʵֲ̫ˣ
һԵСҲ˸˷ܵĹâ뵽ܳΪһʦʱ˫鶯˫۱ǶʱȻвЩĽ𱦶Լĸ硣ҲܳΪʦǸöã
СеȻҶߵСԣССԴɵѾͷǷʦ͵Ƿʦ𣿵ȸѧ͸СܶղķԺ˭۸㣬ѧ㣬ȥ
ԣС˵ĵ˵ͷͨˣ˵ûȻǷʦǣľģҲǸģǲǷʦѾôҪˡ
СҶҲЦЦѾʱʧȥĸףСκһĲģ
𱦶ڣɽҶ˹ȥȻҶ뱦ɫصֺܶÿһͬЧҲͬҲȻ᲻ͬҪ˵ǣÿһ󣬻ֻԼĵӣԣԺǳԼĵ⣬˽Դˣ𣿡
ɽɫأҶص˵ͷף
ҲæڴӦֻ̬ȴǼΪ⣬ɽҲûָⱦ˵ҪҪ֪ǡƾʱҲͬ㾯ģأûͬʹҶ
ãǺİ£
Ҷڷһֳǰһ


94 
תһ¹ȥˡ
֮УҶеķƱڷֽţ࣬˫ŷֽգգһ¡
ѶȱȻѲ֪ٱɽԵָ£Ҷ뱦һҲûɹһΣ츳Уʵ̫ˡΪˣʧĸɸɾˣжʱ仹ǳ١
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ɽ仰ĻĲͬĻҶ
УҶȫעһһţǶͷϣ𽥸ֺ飬˴Լһʱĳһ̣ҶһգȻһкϲ⡣
ĨϵĺˮҶķɽסȥ
ɽ֮УɽҶеŷ˴ع㵵ģ
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ǰЩ˷ܵҶɽкͣҶദҶıǼΪ⣬ΪҶ츳صҶ̬ȣǵģ棬ڷƷ棬Ҷ̬ȶǷǳ棬ǳŬ⡣
Ϊһ˼ʹ츳ٺãŬĻǳɾվΪƽӹݹʷЩµķʦûһΪ츳ɹģĶǿŬ
ܲ׾仰Ƿǳеģ
ջ˼ɽҶص˵ͷ㲻ڷ츳츳ΪѵõһŬÿһ¡˵⣬ɽ˶٣ֵĸ׵㲻ҪѾٻֻǽѹھµףʱûΣգ㲻Ҫȥη𣿡
ĸױѹھµףҶ˷˲ʧ˫ȭ鲻ԽؽãһʦģڵûʵʱӲȥٻģ
Ҷеŭɽ̾һΪʦ㣬ҲΪĸǷǱĹ棬ȥͨͨӦûǿԵġĸ׷ǵٻʦԶµĹ涨涨ǰٻĸǹ˶ܵĳͷԣ˵ˣǷʦĻ᳤ȥ鶼ûã
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ҶʹģɽЩ̣µҪĸף취
Ҷ˫͵Ȼȥʦͽ̣
ɽҶҪĸףͱҪıٻʦƵĹ涨ҪıһҪоԵʵǵģԵʵֻҪоԵʵ˵ıٻĹ涨ٻû⡣ֻҪӵоԵʵ̸ףҲûİ
ڶأ
ڵڶɽڶӵӦ˵ưưص۹Ͼٰģ˾Դ⣬һԭǾ˲ţص۹ΪʲôҪ˲ţԺȻ֪ΪӻԾμưưÿŶǳ˵ĽһӵҪһ£Ȼ̫ݡ
ӵͿҪٻĸףҶЩ˷ܵ
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ңԪ⣬ص۹ȻأǶ˿ڣࣿҶţԴӲΪܹԽɱ޵ˡ
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нū콣ū׼ԣҶǳ֪ʵ
ΣڵʵҪһȷѣǲǻаʱʱ̵Ļᣡ
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Ҷȥɽۺ룬΢΢ͷЦСӣ츳ƷҲû˵ѾͷԼһ£


95 ɱ
ڶ죬Ʒһ԰ҶСǣֻţþţޱܰ
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ҶСԴЦѾ߾Ʒ۷壬ֻȱһܹΪ죬ΪʵȥʮɽһڷƷҪʦĻҪű㵽ǻ𣿡ЩСģǵСİȫǵıСħŮС
С͡һЦҶһۣ磬Ҫñ֪˵϶ŹģڱͬǷǳϲ
ҶЦЦȻסƽʱҪ̫̿ˣѧѧ㣬һһᣬҪǵȸˣҿɲ㣡
С˵СԴȴǰԺһҪŬΪֻбǿˣܹﵽ硣
СˣһʱҶСĿ뿪˷Ʒ塣
Ҷû׼ʲôҲҪ׼ʲôΪԼƵмٶȵģƵģл׼һЩ
Ҷ뿪ڣһʱһԼʮɽǵһҿջ
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֪ҶɽĵӺǼ˲òҶץȥ뷨ɽݻɽʵǵģҪץҶǾֻлȥʾ
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꣬ת߳˷䣬ʬ壬ȻʰΪҿջǰٻĲҵ
˿ջ󣬷ɽǳϵһʯǰʯûţֻһͷĴڡߵǸڣȡһŽ˴ԼӺһŰֽһֻʴӴ֮з˳
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ԣüͷһ壬û뵽֯˾ȻҪʮңҪ֪ʮҶ˵ҲһСĿ
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ҶȥʮɽȥĵطĻԼ֣Ҷȥʮɽû취ˡΪֻҪʮɽϻᱻǿ߼ӣҲףΪʲôڽ˽䱸ɭϡ
֮ȥðնԷҶΪɽԼɽһССİٻӳܹܵġŻǰɱǸŵӣŻ֯ȥ׽Ҷ
ãҶȻһһŽ𿨷ɽڵĴڣŪУһͿԣ˵꣬ת뿪

ʱҶִֻǣ벻˼顣
ֺҶͽСҽ˳׼СҴ·ǵСʱܵˡΪСѾǾŽˣޣ
ǵģޣҶûСҴʱѾޣ
ҶָŻǣСһСһôˣǸ޷ֻ
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֪ҪǷǳѵģǺʲôݣȻֻʱѻһ˵޶ʮɽѰԼΪʱѻ̫ˡ
ڣĵȻܹ޽һ˶̵ʱСҽˣ죬СҲŸû°
Զ֮еСУҶԽԽɻˡ


96 ޴
ȻСҳΪޣǶ̬ȻһޱȣҶǳ⡣
ԣҶɽСҵ
֮УСѸ磬֮޽˱ᣬҶò磡
ʱҶȷˬް޵мܹ뵽⣬ҶЦСңͻȻһ뷨׵سҶС
ԼΪʲôռֻޣ
뵽⣬ҶܵˡǱˣ뷨쿪˵뷨ȫʵֵġСһ壬Щ޿϶СУЩ޿϶ͬСһԸġ
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ҲҪʵһνһá
ڤ˿СһۣȻּɵؿһۣԥΣ˵ͷ
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кûжԸһ׶໹ҪȶֵĻԼῴԼԣڵҶȳ֣
Ҷһ彣Žɽ֮УûýһУСҽֹҶһ£ǾܵҵĴ̼ڵĽɫͻȻʹ˵㣬ֻҪܹʵʹһЩʲô
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Ҷҽ͵һɣεضȻһȣȭͷ͵ͷ˹ȥ


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ܵڵҶһȻĿԶڤҶòϣ޵ĺֲܿǰһෲǿ߰ˣǶԷǲҲ϶˵ģǰֻڤȴһ¶û
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ڤǳɻĺɻΪղſʹȫġȫһײ֮£ǰȻվһ

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죡
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죡

ս˴ԼһʱһʱڣҶÿһڤӲӲҶ˳ȥû⡣ҶҲнģǾÿһηɳȥľԽԽˡ
һʼɳȥ߰ڷɳȥɣܲǽ
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ȻڤûȫҶͬûУýȻʹý⣬Ľڤġ
ڤ֮ԲȫΪ뿴ǰܹ¡һȺǻۻûôߣԲɵǸصɫСһһԸǰ࣬ǰ϶ʲôڵĵطġ
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ҶһһУ֣Ҷ˵ƶʱһ䣬ͬʱӿڤ
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֣ڤǰ˲䱻ѹƣоԼƱѹƣڤͫһУޱȡ
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ڤһ̣ҶҲˣŲڤڤֻɾʱҶ˫һУʩչ粽һӰһԾȻǺһν͵ضڤȲ˹ȥ
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ڤҶΪǸʲô϶ȥӲҶĹҶᣬﳤ̣ܶԼĳ̴
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״ҶüͷչСһҰͽȥ
ƺǳϲڤʹ˰СԴŲֻܺô
ҶЩЦãСһ룬ҪǣԺ۸𣿡
۾һȻ˵СԴڤСצһӣڤʱһϹûҶ֮С
ҶڣڤСĿռڤܵˣǸɫʱͬʲô˷ܵҩһ㣬Ե쳣ļ˷ܣȻ໵һҪ嵽ȥ
Ҫ嵽ʱСһǰȻǵصѹǳڤѹ˹ȥʹڤζʱͣǰһ
ĿⲻƵĶڤǰһȻȥǸǳ룬Ǹģ
еڣҶ֪ڤ˵ʲôڤСһ̬ȴԭȵηɵֺã¾£ɶɶһԵҶĿɿڴ
Ƭ֮ڤͨҶԸ⳼˼ֻиϣҶæߺЩȺô죿
Ҫ֪ƬһȺûһĻǻᱻȺ۸ģ˵̱ᱻȺūۡϣҶ⣬ԸĸԸҶ
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Ҷֶһֱ֣ҶȡС


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εĿǶϻɽֻޣֻڤС˵ʱһɵޡ
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Сһֻڣʮɽ޲˭ƥУ
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뵽ǸˣҶɫ鲻Խ˵ʵ׶ǿֻ֪֪߾ǲһġ
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ҶҪȥֻʱڤЩԵģҶСһͲڷˡ
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СڤҪΪԶսս˿ֻһ̫һЩ
ܿ죬Ҷ˴סĲԶһϣҶķ϶֮ȥǼǱڤͻҪһȦĴսͶ󣬶ʮ߰꣬Ҷ˶쾳ǿߣʮ˷װϵһЩ־ҶȻˡ
Ϊ˸Ӧĵӣ˵Ļʮ߰컹ǱȽġ
ֻҶ벻׵ΪʲôսѵҪɱȡƤң
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ǳΨһһܹܹƿģҲ˶ˡЩС˿ڣڴ˵͸ҧһһڳİһǾ޴һƻǾǳΪġ
ǰߣȥһᣬҶ˽ۣǾǰɱҶЩɻǣֻûڤ˵ôǿѵû棿
Уѩڴλţս뽣սҲڴһЩۡȻˣлЩڣǵģڴӦμɱ
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Ҫ޽ѪҺ뼸ɱֻޣȻʵڰ֮нҲֵܷٶġ޵ѪҺǵȶܹȡԴ
뷨Ǻõģʵǲпġ
ԭ룬ǰ˶ǿߣҶŵӣϰ֮ԸһֻӦûǿԵġֻǲпʵΪĽ뽣ֻ첻ʲôʵԵ˺෴ģֻĹǰ̣ǵȴľǳΪһ̯࣡
ѾڴӦμεɱΪֻ޸Ǽܵеġߣüģû취ߣΪӵԪŵӻûз
Ԫŵӵʵѩû˵ģǶԪŵӵƷͲҹάˡ紫һԪŵŵǰһָһȵԽС
ѩҲ˭˼ʵڳ֮ߵأ
ǹһǹڴȻǹ͵һ峯һԾ˴һơ
ԽԽǣǹÿĿ⳯ɽڴïܵĴɨһۣĵôûã
׼ٴιʱͻȻһڳ𣺡ˣ
仰ǹɫһϲҽ͵һŵأ󼸸ӣսȦӡ
ͻıʹóɫ䡣
ڴ֮еҶ۾ǰһݵ˹ȥֹһ
ڽͻȻȥһ̣˷ŭ׼룬Ȼʱһ޴ɫֽͬǴ˽ȥͬʱ°ɫ۵Թֵ˳


100 
ɫĹ֣еսͻȻͣΪֻûڹǿ˽ˣк벻м
ֹͣȻ֮ãڹڵһӿ˿֣뵽ʲôʧȻԪŵĽ֣˵꣬͵ؿ˹Ľŭʲô˼
֣һԵѩҲɫģԪŵһͨⲻʩչָӰֵֽͨͨļӲ̶ȣҲ׺ƣͷޣǾ͸ˡ
ȻĵǰĽҪʲô
ˣתͷԵһӣʦ֣ôص۹ѧԺ֪ˣǿ»д鷳
ڹڵˣڣһǽڣǴص۹ѧԺѧԺȻֻǴص۹һѧԺȴǴŴص۹ôص۹֪ʦֵ˽һУ˿϶鷳ġ
뽣ڣһҲģ
ǷһĨаЦģֻҪ˶˭֪һУ˵⣬תŽ˵ͷһûסͷǸû취ʩչ֡ͷٿ²óԴˡ
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κһŶоԪŵľΪңŵӵĿҪԵỵ̈ҪΪŵӣͱӵиǿʵΪԪţŵƵġ
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ֺ󣬴ûȥеļˣһԣ¶Ϸʵı飬ɱǺȤ
ѣѩһϲһԵȴɫһ䣬Ϊ˻뿪ʮɽĻǶ˵һѡΪǲԪŵӣԪŲΪ˵ص۹š
뿪ʮɽʦֵõ³ҲΪϣԪţ
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101 
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ҶҲû֣ڽӽʱгǺһʣŽĺ󱳴˹ȥ
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Ҷɱˣ֮һ־ɱУûа취¡ǰҪɱڣѩǱҪȣԣûκءȻûأǾֱ֣
ڽӽѩֻһɾʱͻȻɫһ䣬Ҳתһǹ˹ȥ

ҶһǴ̹ĳǹһȻ˳ƶŽؿʹ˻֮еġ̡־
Ҷһɫ䣬Ϊ̫ˣеĳǹֶȻûлعҶǽͬһĶһؿڡ
ڽӦҲҽ͵̤棬һԾ㿪һȻڽ˺һ̣ҶͻȻʩչ粽һ壬һԽǰһ
Щ͵ĿԼǰǸǲ˼벻ġԼˣԼкöƻûʩչأ뿴ɱ˭Ȼվûʶɢˡ
ѩЩ͵ĿҶˮ˫Ĵģǰ쾳ǿ߾ˣ
Ҷѩ˵ͷȻԶԪŵӼսˣӦ˵ֻˡΪһѧԺѧѾսˡ
ʱԪŵѧԺڵĵҲֹͣս˵ĿⶼҶһߡѧԺڵһ㶣ȻϲüңΪǰͻȻֵվһߵġ
ͻȻֵҶɫû뵽һֱԱ߻һˣû뵽һ棬ͱǰɱˡȻ͵ϮʵҲСﰡ
ǰͻȻֵʣ֣ԱŮӣǾߣһûһգ
ʱҶЦЦǼֻʶġ
ǰǸѧԺûѩҲ뼸ֶԸԪˣѶ·ҶġڼѩҶͷ뼸ֵ뷨ѣɲҪ
ҶĻѧԺɫһ䣬ǰͳзæѩʦãǰҵĲǣԮ֣ѧԺмԪ̫ǿ˸ǵĶֻ֣дϣ
ѩüͷȻͲѧԺֲòϣǰ˵е룬Ҷ뿴Ҷ뷨
ѩľٶ˶ҶǴҲҶ׼ȷ˵ҶϵֻɫСһ
֪ѩ뷨Ҷ˵ͷʾⲻõģȻ˵ѧԺӣǰڷѩʱ뷨ĻҲ֣ڣˡ
ԣѧԺ߼ɫʱҰףЦһҶһۣȻԥһż˳˹ȥ
֪ǰͻȻֵӲǶԼʵǳžʲôƣںֻҪɱˣʣµˣͬĽ
ųмսļˣѩڲ𣿡ȻҶʵ󳬳ԤϣǳеҲǷǳǿİʰѧԺڵ˺Ҷ²ֵܵס˵ġ
ߣҶҡͷЦЦѩɱˣǻһֻģΪĻ𣿡
ҶĻѩһֻޣֻͬСɽһĴѩɬһЦȷмǹˡĺԸĻҲлĻᣬڡ
ѩЦҡҡͷȻתͷҶһĨӣԲˡ
ڿ˼ҲսҶͻȻѩ仰һȻЦЦûʲôѣܼܲȰɣ
ҶЦݣѩ΢΢ʧ񣬰ΣɫĪһ죬ͷ΢΢ȥƬ̧̺ͷҶʱҶѾĿͶԶս֮С
ѩòϣҶǷǳģָ࣬۳ĻҶҲֻͨ˧ֻЩġָҶĺϣԱ˵˵ȴǡ
ңĺڰȻʹ˶٣ֻﳤһǾ˾Ѷʴȣ
ҶʶȻ˽Ӵ࣬ǶҶĺϣᡣɷϣҶкøС
һ˵ʵˣǳªǶЩ˵ҲġǿΪΪԡ
Ҷʱɲ֪ԵŮ˼ҷɣ¡ΪеսѾȻѾսֻʣѧԺˣԪһûֻһˡ
ʣѧԺҲ군ѧԺ군Ԫŵ˿϶ҪԸѩġȻԸҪôܹһԪˡ
ԪҪɱڣͬҲ뷨ɱԪһˣ˻ȥ϶鷳ģɲϲɱСϵġϲ󻼡
磬ܶʱûжģ仰˵˭ȭͷ˭ǶԵġ
ѩʦãʩԮ֣ѧԺл
УĽڽں˵ӱӦ߳ҶߺʱѧԺѾȫ·磬ѩӲֵĻǼ˾Ҫˡ
ѩҶûֻ俴š
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һʣµѧԺҲһߵ˲䱻Ԫŵնɱ
նɱ˺ԵӿҶѩ


102 ʵ
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뵽⣬һĨԥκһѹеɱ⣬ߣ
Աһ㶣һ˲⣬ʵʦֻ֣ˣȫܹǣΪҪߣ
һüʦ֣ӦǴȥǺ²
ҡҡͷҿ͸ȻվڿɱѧԺˣѡҲܴ⣬Ա߻һȻ֪ڲǣ˭ұ֤սʱͬ㰲أ
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ЦһѧԺڵ£滹˵ڣԪأǲǣҲûϵֻҪû֤ݣ˭Ԫǣ
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ĿҶѩһۣȻתߡ
һԵѩҶһ㶣Ҷ㵵ôˣɱ𣿡
Ѿ׼÷ųֻڤǰˣȻᱩ¶Ҳû취ʵǲ뿪ʮɽȻû뵽ǶԷֻǿһۣȻתȥ
ѩһҶһۣǰһϣԷɱڼɵʲôȥҲãʡƴһ
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ѩûнӹָʵ㲻һ𣿡
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ѩһתͷ˿ԶʲôµԼأ˵꣬ӹҶеĽָȻתŹȿȥ
ʮͣ½ŲתҶҶлл˵꣬ͣһʧ˹ȿڡ
ҶһЦȻתߵ˴ǰǰȻҶ˫ۻһԸԼԺ߾ǿ߲˭ܹԸԼ
ֻҪһﳼԼºѰʵڤǿ˲ֹһ㰡
ûѹԸʮɽ֮УǿҪܵ𾴵ġȻֻûʸ𾴣ȴҲͬԴڤǰ㡣
ܿ죬ĿҶϣãҡҡͷƺֿʼȻڽ͡
Լ˰ʱҶǰ̯̯Сצһεı顣
״Ҷüͷһ壬Сһշֻһ˵ӦòܰڣСһܿͿʼˡ


103 ʵ
ھСһѵĽҶСһΪʲôˡû취СһﲻҲҪ
Ϊǰֻݺܲһ㣡
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ڼ򵥵˵ֻ۷޲ܸҶ
ҶоֻݵԵʵĻпܸģ׼ȷ˵ǸСһ
ҶоСһǳ𾴣𾴲ССΪη𾴣𾴣ĵ𾴡ҶСһԽԽˡ
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ҶҲûϻӿʱһ⣬ŴһһɫżƷ죬Ŵȥ
ɫһĨ⣬һ
죡
һըڳ
ɫûд͸ƣȴڴϴ̳һѪ
ϵѪûǰǰ֮ɫ
Լ齣ûʲôʵ˺Ҷһڱӿ˴
ܵҶʱͫһ˿ӣͬˮһӿֿҶĽ⡣
ҽ͵̤أҶαгŴ͵һɫ뽣Ŵȥ
ûжҲ޷ǰԴԪǰ㣬޴ƶҶ͵˹ȥ
죡
ɢǾ޴ȴֶ˸ѪǸѪǰ󣬸һЩ
ҶûֹͣڼʶҲûսǲڴΧԽ
ȻҲܸ̫˺ǻãսʱڽİ£ǽҲڴϴ̳˼ʮѪ
ܿ죬֪ܼӲֲֿĽɫĿͶԶҶ͵һģٴһضɽҡ
Ȼڴ츳£Ҷ׼Ľ΢΢һ٣˫üһ
ʱסʱ䣬˲ǱҶ廹ƶҶ̩ͬɽѹһȥ
һУҶ㲻Ϊ࣬ҲԻᱻĳ⡣
Ҷûѣζãֻһý⽫ǹ˳ȥȻЩˣһʱ䣬ƾѾͷ
룬ҶջؽʣȻ˲ӿӿ
ҶֻаɾʱҶһȣҽ͵̤أֻ޴Ʊȥ
ͬʱҶ͵ذν
һ
ͣ
Ҷ˴ֻ֮д͸УҶתΣٴΰνƴ˹ȥ
Ҷһ̴ƣŭİһҶٴδԼƣӲ͵˻ȥȻҶݺݵײ˹ȥ
һգѹҶɫһ䣬ŵ͵һǼڵĽһȻڿжųײĴһ
ͣ
ɫһƷ챩
ûжǵؿڣڽؿʱҲҶǰȻӴͱķʽҶײ˹ȥ
Ҷû취˻˵ķʽû뵽ģû취һײ
죡
һ죬Ҷһڵ㵹˳ȥɳʮɺǡ족һֱԶһɽ֮С
һĻһԹսСһ䣬Ϲ֣ʱǸоʲôϱϹӿڡ
һԵĴһĻжʱһǰҶһ̴ƣŭԽĳû˿֣ɱУЩ飬ǴӦɫСһҪֵġ
ڣǸ౻ԼһƸˡãǰصɫСһûҪԼ೥뷨
ʱԶǴɽͻȻһ˹ȥֻһͷɽ֮еһ˳
ͷ˫۶ʱĴģ໹û
ҶȻûҲˡڲŷ֣ǵ͹˴ֱڤǿϼֹ
ڵͷͬɢһ㣬ǷķǸĺüĶ̫ˣԸģΪÿһ£ĵۣ
˵۷޵һײ֮£Ѿȫɥʧս


104 ɱ֣ȥ
ڵһһҹڽɫ޸£ҶϵȻûȬжˡ
ҶСһצе֪ǰʲô۷ޣǰֻ̤׵ĴڡҶƵ΢һЩϾһײ֮¾ɥʧս⻹Щ˵ġ
ڴڼ䣬ҶǼʶʲôӡСһܵĴȫˡ
õļֱҶĽӼˣʲôݣҶʶŵر֮дСһĶûһдĶͼö֪ĹӣûƷ׵ġ
ҶЩãСһѴ͸ʲôŵСڣ仰˵Щˣ
еһҶڵĲ۽绹ǱˡһСһʮֲ֪꣬ٶţЩȫףлм۷壡
˴⣬ҶһƸǾǵԪѧԺļ˵ɽ䣡
ȻλߣʯһҲǧ飬ʯԱ˻ϡУǶҶ˵ȴôҪΪɽнöʯԣ˵ʯʱȫ͸ѩ
ʯ⣬ҶӼɽ֮лõֻһףǻƽ۷塣ŻƽҶֻһ۾ͷһԣڲ׵ȫˡ
һƷΪƣǴָ֮ճġ۵ĻȫĽָֻҶûѡԭ򣬵һΪԪţľްԣòɵ
ԺǱԪ֪ǿ϶鷳˵ҲԵرҪڶԭΪ̰ãѾ٣ǳ˻⣬ĶСɣʵûʱ
Ȼ⼸뵱ѪֵǼ޷ǿԵģЩƷײͣһüǮǷǳ׵ġ
ڼҶһ˫ƷѥӡѥӳʺɫѥӲͬ˫ѥӺһССİɫɫСͬĳëһӯƮݡ
Ҷ˫ѥӳҶܵˡ
Ϊ˫ѥӾȻٶԽԾģرٶȣ˫ѥʩչ粽ҶԼԼٶһԭ˽һ
ֲֻ̫ˣҶֻʩչһεļ粽ķ֮һ
Ҫ֪ƽ粽ʩչʮҲûϵģڣҪѥӼӳ֣ǾֻʩչĴΣ
Ȼ̫󣬵Ч󣡵Ȼѥֻڹؼʱã
˫ѥ⣬ҶϣһɽУ׼Ժһˡ
Ϣһ죬ȫȬҶ׼Сһȥˡȥʱ͸ණҶ˵϶˻а룬ԼԺˣһҪСһʮɽ
ȻûշҶεջȴǲСϵջ⣬ʵҲǽСһսҲĶ࣬һսоҪͻˡ
߾Ž۷壬ͻƾ죬ﵽ죬ʵʵطԾ
죬ڴ
ҶЦЦʱҶϵͻȻһϹ⣬ȻСצָҶǰʮɾһž
Σյźţ
Ҷɫһ䣬Ҳİνǿһ˹ȥ
һƿ˲伤ǿŴϣȻըѣͬʱһӰгҶϮٶȿ硣
ӰҶ˫΢УӰǰʱҶ͵ذν

һĽཻڳ
ӰеĳҶֻа磬ҶеĽѾ˺µǰֻǲûд̽ȥǱһʲôסˣ
Ӱɫһ䣬û˿ԥҽһɵ棬γһԾȻʧҶ֮С
һɣԶǧ
սҶû׷ԷٶԶ׷ϣֻǣ˭Ҫɱ
Էһɱ֣ɱǲԵ޹ɱԼģֻһͣǾɱǱɱԼģֻԼָɱԼɱˣ˭أ
ܿ죬Ҷ뵽ˣ׼ȷ˵ٻ뽣ڣΪֻʵìܣֻҶЩɻ󣬰˵ʵǸʲôɱɱ
ֻ˭أ
ãҶѹеɻ󣬿ǵӰȥķ򣬵ϧûһסȻͲòˡ˵书˵ã˽ľ룬ҾȻû˿оСһҴʱڳĻԼ⣡
뵽⣬ҶŤͷ˲Сһлл㣬㣬ҾΣˣ
գգۣȻСԴҲ˲Ҷ
´ڷĻϹˣ͵͵ң𣿡ҶǰСһΣʱڱܷӦҲľͰνһնǰԷ
ԷǽӽԷڳ֣ǶԷѣ㣬ҶǷǳŵģǰöԷӽڰνһֻǿϧʱڣûýɫû뵽ԷȻһף
лᣬҶֱǾǶԷ
ûСһԷǸֶλҶͷޱȣСһκζΧʮɷΧڶᱻ֡
СһڣԴתԷӰת
Ҷ뿪˶ϻɽʮɽȥΪǸɱ֣ҶûнгֻڤֻСһļϡ


105 
Ҷ߳˶ϻɽһƬƽԭǵģƽԭƬƽԭһ޼ʣޱȡ
ҶѾ֪ƬƽԭʲôطˣΪ͸ĵͼֻмضϻɽ򣬶ϻɽڵģͼϲûС
˵̤Ƭƽԭʼǰһжδ֪ģʲô޶δ֪ġ
ڣҶҲڶϻɽΧһЩҶûգΪϣĽͣҶΪʲôˡΪѪǵģѪ֮о츳ôҪѪʹ޵ĳɾޡȻɾޣǾͲ֪ˡϾҶϣԼշܹԽԽǿԶֻ
ԣҶطĿȻѰЩǱ
ԼǰһƬ̵أҶǷһĨЦݣ뵽ʲôתƬɨһۣ֪ûе˵꣬Ҷͣǰȥ
ǸɱҶһֱûгֱ֣ҶԷû뿪ʮɽڰ֮ٳֻ֣һֱҲˡ
ڣҪΣյʮɽ˸ҲҸŽأ
ҶתǰȥʱһӰһ˳Ӱ˳ҶķһۣûԥһҶķ˹ȥ
Ļͻ֣ᷢӰ죬ΪӰһһģ˲ƣǺӰÿƶһɣξͻʧһᣬٴγʱѾ֮ˡ

Ϊɱ֣ҶûٻСңٶȻࡣ˼ʱ·ɻƬƽԭ
ָһʱ·ҶͻȻͣ˽ŲüͷƬƽԭЩˡΪһ·ûƬƽԭһޣǵͼ޶ûС
һֻԭ򣬵һƬƽԭʲô޼ɵĶڶƬƽԭһޣһĵ̣ǸϻɽĶϻɽͬǣƬȺֹ̤롣
Ҷڶֿܣñ޲̤Ⱥʵöֲ϶ڴֻһֻãһֻǰ¼ҹˣһȺСأ
Сһʲô޲Ų㣿Ҷתͷϵ±Ҫһ£Ȼûס
գգۣ룬ȻСצָָϣָָ£һֻСצ
״ҶƤһ˹˵ϵ£ֻ޲ŲҪ㣿
˵СԴ
Ҳ˵⣬ûʰ˵ģֽױ𲻸ߵġ
룬ûʲô©ֵ˵СԴ
ҶһȻǳСһɱҴţŶȻҪȥʲôǳޣ군ˣ
ҶĻɣǳСצݺݵץץҶͷ
ҶСԴȻڼ⣬ǰȥڣеˡ
Ҷʱге⣬ǳ𾪵ģϵ£ֻ޲ηСһǴʲôҶ붼ÿ¡
֮ôǼ񵽱ˣ
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ͻȻҶͣ˽ŲתԶ
۴һ֧˵ҶУ֧Ҷ㵡Ϊֻ֧࣬ľȻĽޣ
ƷޣûʲôսٶȴǷǳ죬żƷķʱ˺ѷ硣ֻһ÷ǾǴص۹ҲǲãֻǲҪˡ
ֻҶ벻׵ǣ֧ص۹飬Ϊʲôʮɽ
Ҷɻʱֻ˵ѾҶĲԶΪ׵һɫ׵ӿҶʱһ˿䱸֮ɫЩɫ׵Ҳ䱸
뿴֧ʱҶɫݣ֧ÿһ˾ȻǿߣΪ׵ɫ׵Ӹɲ⡣֧ƣһսһ֧飬Ϊʮɽ
Ҷɻˡ
֮Ϊ׵˽䱸ĿҶһۣʵʱһĨȣܿͻָƽҲûҶк˼ֻǴٳǰȥ
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ҶҲûԷк˼ֻ鲻鷳ͺˣɲûȥ¡ֻЩĿһһԿĳ֧ڻΪ֧鼸ΧסκҪ͵Ϯ߽ӽǶҪȾЩУ
¡¡
֧ҶʱһͻȻ˱ֲĺ¡
Ϊ׵ɫһ䣬ȴңнɫǹһָȵϮ󣡡
䣬ЩѸ£ΧȻӿ䱸
Ҷ⣬߳һʱƽԭܣͻȻӿޣЩ޳ʰΧķʽҶ֧Χ˹ƣֱÿֲݡ
ҶֻɨһЩΧһۣɫЩ͸ߴκһֻСҵСҪǣЩ޾ȻǰƷƷûһֻǰƷµģ
ʨ壬ȡ
ЩޣΪ׵˳ȵ
䣬һû˿ԥԴӻȡһŷȻԼϡ
ҶˣǿһȫƷȻûȥ֧Ĳƴ֣ô·
ǧֻҶֻʮʱͣסȻҶš
ʱҶǰͻȻ߷˿Ȼһ״󺺴˳


106 ս
״󺺣Ҷһ㶣״ϳëʱҶɫޱΪǰ״Ѿܹûεޣ
Ǹ޻û״ΧЩʨӣҶҲֻܹСһǰûдţˡȻܾܿ͵óΪԷˡ
Ҷ״󺺳ʱƽ׵ɫҲ
ޱǿǴҹϵġ쾳ǿƽʵȴܹ߾ǿߡޣѾ߾ǿƽˣ߾ǿƽˡҲֻд߾ʼ֮ĲС
ƽ׵һһɿֲڱӿ䱳һ˫۵һȣ˲Ȼ״󺺵Ķ档
߾ǿߣ
˱һ˫Ҷһݣ֮һ߾ǿڣֻסޣԼҪӳȥӦò̫ѡ
֮ǰ޶ӵ½ףƽ׵˿״󺺣
ף״ǷһĨЦ׾ͲˣĹȥУȥǸһ仰κ޵۹£Ȼʮʮɽ̤ƽص۹
ԣƽ˫֪
״󺺲мһЦҽŶŵ͵һ̤Χ֮ڵĵֱ̮һλᣬ˹ʮɽȻ˵ڣ
䣬ΧЩʨȺʱƺֻлƽ˸˵֣ͻ˺һ㡣
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ҶɲСһȥԱ߻дص۹ҵˣɲСһﱩ¶ڴص۹ҵСңСһܲס޻һ⣬ܵĻãһأ
ƽкâһĿ״һۣȻתͻȻͣ˽ŲתͷҶҶûаɫһһĨ죬Сֵ֣ܽǽڵӣ
Ҷһû뵽߾ǿ߾Ȼкҡҡͷǣ
Ҷķ񶨣ƽЩ⣬û˵ʲôˣֻǵ˵ͷȻ߽ǰ״ǰ˵Ļ˵˳
ãڴһŮȻԷӭңֺαصȥع
ƽüͷһ壬ԥ££ȥô½
ڴһЦȻ㽫ǰЩ޽ǲǰ޶ˣ
˿ɬһЦ£ԷԶҵȼʮڣȡʤ
ȲعֲܽЩޣô֮е֮дһ˿ŭ
·֪ͨʮɽıʵ£Ԯҵȣ˵
ƷУ
ԣϿɬŨˣ֪֮е˲ȥ޶Ҳڷѿ࣬һȻת״󺺡
ȥȻܵ𷣣ùڴ˵غãѾ
׼عʱһͷɫӥշ˶£Ȼ״ǰƬ֮״תŴص۹һĨǻߣǲϧڣߣҲ߲ˣɱ
䣬ΧЩѾ͵ʨȺʱһ󺿽УȻмһˡ
ƽ׵ɫһ䣬ºȵ¡˵꣬һԾгǹųǰļʮͷʨ͵ظһɨ
䣡
һ⼤ǰǼʮͷʨ˲䱻ն˼롣
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ص۹޵۹֮ĶԹɲκ͡ھˣЦȾԼɣ
ȻʱһֻŽʨͻȻҶǰȻһţҶ˹ȥ

һŭȣҶһԾνǰʨӲӾһ
ͣ
ǿֲҶһ֮£һľһ㣬û˿谭ʹ͸ֻŽ޵ĲӣȻһʨͷ˳ȥ
ҶҪʱҶͫͻȻ͵һȻٴҲתǰνһն

һཻԭһͻȻһˣҶǿһҲеذ׸סҲ޷һ
ǰ޷òĺˣҶɱһһȣڽɫ볤֮УȻų͵سһѹ

ذӦϣҶһ϶£ֱӴӺͷȥȻȴûκѪ
ֻǺԽԽֱɢڿС
ҶԶɫأùÿٶȣж϶Էذһ̣͸оԷѾȥеģֻǶԷµһӰ
û׷ǿϧʹý˫ѥҲ׷ϣԷ죬ٶȸǿˣ
һҶ׼ȥʱͷŽʨΧ˹
ΧͷŽʨҶкһֱȥģκЩҪĵȻ


107 
ʱ䣬нɫݺᣬǱɫеʨʧȥս
ǰͷʨӺҶͣתԶӶȥΪʨ˹
Ϊ˿ٳʨȺİΧҶûڱ赲ǰʨӣǱɫնɱ
ҲΪг˹һĻҶ֮ɫݺᣬʨʬһƬ
ԭҶĽ޷ɱЩŽ޵ģΪ˾ʨȺҶԥĳһƷǿǿɫļӳ£˵Žޣ޵Ҳƿ
ЩԭҪҶȥʨڼҶƺн¶ŨŨļɵ֮ɫǰЩʨһ㲻Ҫϳ塣
ҶҪľЧ
뼲ѥ֮ڣҶʩչ粽νǰ赲ļֻһն
ͣ
ͷΪ׵ʨ˲䱻Ϊ룬ҶٶȲһ޵İΧȦȻԶȥʱһӰҲֱްΧȦ֮г˳ǵӰζ˶٣ȻչٶȳҶķ׷˹ȥ
ܷŹǸŮӣ
££
ǵӰճްΧȦһ̣ԭսݱ״ͣȻŸԵ
״󺺻ˣʱ˵ɫǼѿ״Ϊ潻ҪŮӣŮܣӵ޶³ܲҡ
ͬˣǵ²ЩлߣǺһССĽӳܹеġ
ԣ˽ǷǳĬֹͣս˵ҲͣȻͬԼõһ㳯ҶǵӰ׷˹ȥ
˵ֻǸŮӲҪġȻǽԷɱҲûκ壡

ҶްΧһӺ󣬾׼ٻǳʱͻȻǸо˵ʲôҶüͷһ壬תֻʮ⣬һŮ߼ٸ
ǰŮӣҶ˽еĽ
ŮҶǰһɴͣȻգգۣôˣ
Ҷһ飬ŮӵĻŮӣŮӴԼʮ꣬һϮɫƤףüۣݰףɫƤ׽İŮǷģŮӵĹյǰ͹̣˲ܸܵȵĵ
۵ĻŮӵǰǰһԷֱˣǰɫƤط·𲻿伷ѹһ㣬ѾرΡ
Ŀ˻ҶΪʲôң
ҶֻͣϢŮһɫҶʻһЦСܵܣɱ˵طģ
СܵܣҶߣ׼˵ʱǸоʲôͻȻŮӵŮ⣬ʮٳЩ棬ޣЩǰʨӣ
Ҷɫһ䣬ڷϻҲڹŮӣתԶȥ
Щ׷ޣŮüͷһ壬ȻҲĸҶķ˹ȥ
˴ԼʱЩ޲ûʧ෴ģЩ޵ԽԽˡˣͷǳһЩޣһʼҶΪЩ޵ĳֻżȻڿǸżȻġ
Ϊʲô׷Լ
ܿ죬ҶЩˣ˽ŲҶһŲŮӱŮӶҶ¶˸ƵЦݣܱߵôٶˣǲڵȽ㣿
Щǲ׷ģҶʵ
ŮգգۣȻչһЦǵร
Ҷɫһλ㣬ԩ޳ΪҪңкãĵطܣԣ
ԣŮЦ¶һģСܵܣĽЩ޵룬ҪЩУ³жң
ʲôĵģҶɫһ䣬λ㣬ʩչһףڲȥͱҲˣ
ŮӰԹĿҶһۣСܵܣ˺𣿡ǰģ·Ҷһӵĳһ㣬õҶͷƤЩ顣
Ҷûж֣ϧ񣬶û취֣ΪǰŮӵʵ߾߾ǿߣܲսĹ˵ҪֻҪŮӽ֣ͻᱻԷ׷ϣԣҶʱͷܴ
ãҶһλŮ߾ʵҸ߳һأһȥǻһЩοҪң
߳һأŮЦЦȻĿҶһۣСܵܣ⻰Ͳ˰ɡǰǿһ˲նɱͷأǸ쾳ǿ͵Ϯ㣬㷢֣ˣʵȻ߾ɲ˵ʤ㡣УϵֻСһҲǸ򵥵ްɣ
Ҷɫһ䣬û뵽ԷȻǰעΣʵǸˣ
ڲŲ³𣿡ŮЦСܵ㻹Ǻܱ
ǻҵˣҶʵ
ڲ£ŮգգۣЦ
Ҷһ飬Ĳģ
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ŮʮŷҶȻʧЦҾô𣿡
Ůüͷһ壬ԥ£һٴγʮŷʮƷڶҪҲûˡ
ҶһгʮƷȻŮȣҶķûκȤԸȥ㼸Ʒô
ҶеǰƷŮһĨ𾪣Ҫ֪ǻӵܣǷֶǷǳġǰóʮƷѾеʹˣû뵽ǰȻӵʮƷ
ʮƷʲôЩŵ洫Ҳ׻ֵȼķ
ŮĿҶһۣȻһЦСܵܣԭĸǰȡˡ㲻ܣ㿴ˣˣҪǲӣǣǶһͬԧɣ


108 
㻹ҪҶŭԵĻԻһǰŮӷΪ롣
ŮЦЦ˵ʲôûãˡ
Ǻ
нһҶǳʵĽĶԵŮһն¡
ҶɲּŮ뾫ԵˣǰŮӺˣǸаϵ
ǰŮΪԼİȫϧҶ˵ǵˣȻǵˣҶǲܶԷŮ˻˵ġ
˾͸ɱ
ŮɫҲһ䣬û뵽ǰӾȻĳ֣ҳٶȾȻ˿죬һһɫӻҶеĳ

볤ཻĽ
ҶһУڳ֣սʣĿŮһۡǰŮӵʵǿýֻޣûаɱԷƽʱ϶ֻڤǳһǰˡ
ڲУΪŮݲ򵥣ɱŮӣǺЩ϶ưոݣʮɽص۹϶ҲŹߣŮӽ֣ǱضᱻЩ׷ɱʱضἫΪ鷳ɲΪ޻Ź
ŮӽбӾϣҶ𾪲ѣһٶʵ̫죬һֱ䱸һ֮£϶Ըǰӵ˭˾ǿ죬ǻˣ
ѹסе𾪣ŮԹĿҶһۣСܵܣ㵱ǺúݵģԽȻ˵ɱɱ㲻飬ⱡˣ
Ҷ̬˼
ԣŮЦСܵܣǰӽΪߣڽĶȤأôǿôУıأ
ҶŮӵĻĲߣ
ҲߣˣŮӼᶨ
Ҷת˿ԽԽ֪Ůзӳ֣Էһʱ׷ϣʱһã׷ɱǳ¡ʮɽ޺ࣿҪΧǲѷˡ
һҶһӣڤԱߡ
ڤŮɫͫһɫ˲䣬һĻʵ̫ˡ
Ůӵ𾪣ҶһԾڤıϣȻǻ𾪵Ůӣ
ԭǲŮӵģû취ŮӽڤҲ˦ЩġҲֻȴ˦ЩޣȻŮԼȥΨһ뵽İ취ˡ
ҶĻŮһȻգգۣĿԣ
ϲҶüͷһ塣
ŮӲԥһԾҶıȻҲ˼ɣ˫סҶҶϣ૵ҾȻҪ˵ȥ˼ҿ϶ΪǷ˰ɣ
ܲĺЩŵ˶ѹҶŮӾͲ֪˼һ
һŮ˶ƽϣһ˼ƽʲô
Ҷ
ڤҶ˵ٶ˲һֹ޿ٵ˾롣
ҶŮһͷޣ״ɫһ䣬״г⣬ɻ޸൱ʲôЦ״󺺻ЩܲǰпһĻ
ɻ֮Ƿŭǵģع״󺺷ŭˡܳʲôԭ޸޷̵ģҲ޵۹޷̵ģ̫޵۹ˡ
࣬㾹޸Ҫ˺㣡һŭȺ״󺺼ӿٶȡ
һԵ˫֮ҲǴɻһʼоڲͬԷֻǷ˾ҲͷԷû뵽ԷξȻٻһͷޣ죬ް
УΪʲô꣬ΪҪ£ĪǲԤı
뵽⣬ɫһ⹫²ȥ޵۹˵ġӽӵʼһֱڷܣһ·ҲԭΪԷѾˣ뵽Ԥı
ˣĸŵĵӣ׼ܴصŭɣг
Ҷ֪˵뷨ֻϣޣȻŮȥҶûȤκʹ֮Щ¡
ͻȻСצҶͷȻָָǼֻͷϵļֻӥ
˵ڼǣǲܽŪĻǰѲ˺Щ޵ģҶʵ
˵СԴ
ҶüͷǼֻӥ߰ʮɣĽû취˵ԷΣСһûа취
˵СԴ
ǾͽˣҶЦЦ
¶˸ЦݣȻСצһӣ˲ʧҶļϣһ̱ǳͷʮˡ
һĻŮˮ˫ۣСܵܣ˵ҲޣȻǻܲ˵ģ
ҶûлشŮӵĻֻǿϵǵӰܿ죬ԭ֮ϵĺӥ·ʲôµһ㣬һĲҽȻͷҲĵطˡ
ϹҶļϣСһСצһ̯ɫëСצС
״ҶЩЦã˵Сһǰȥ˼ëˣѹǼֻӥеôң
Сܵܣ㵽ʲôأʱŮӺʵҶݣǷǳĺ棬һȻԦޣһޣʵǲ
Ҷ㣬Ϊһ𣿻УЩ޺Ǿ͵ķֿû񱣻һӣף
Ҷ˵꣬͸оһ˶ĺ󱳣·Ҫڽһ㣬漴ŮǰԹСܵܣ˺˳ԣףͷ͵Ͳܽͳʮɽ𣿡


109 ޵ˣ
ƽԭ֪жҶڤǿʱȻûܳƽԭ׷ԽԽ࣬Ҷɫ
󣬾֮Ҳڵ㣬˵Щڵ϶ٻǵġȻԽЩޣǸûáΪɱ˶٣Էͻɶٹֱ޾һ㡣
СܵܣЩ
ҶķʱŮЦ֮Уû˿ŸУеֻζ
ԣҶŤͷݺݵŮһۣû֪鲻һв𣿰д㣬ôҲǴػеˣѵûʲô취𣿡Ҫ˵ԷһƶûУǴҲŵģػңȻǲԪŵġ
ŮգգۣȻ¶һģСܵܣūһŮӣʲô취ūֻܿСܱܵСܵϧ
Ҷüͷһ壬ܱܲһףУܱܲҡСܵܡСܵʵЩŤ
õģСܵܣŮ
ҶһȻƽ˵ҪҪץ㣬ҽ㽻ȥЩ᲻Źأ£ɵЩ׼ȷ˵Ǽɵص۹Ȼû˿Բɵġ
ŮЦЦǰҲ֪᲻Ź㣬ЩӦǻŹġǾԲŹģ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Ů΢ƣϷһĨ˵ЦݣΪǿ϶Ѿ㵱ҵͬ׼ȷ˵Ϊ˽ȻڻеλǺܸߣǺôҲǴػҵˣôػҵ˻˽
Уȥף޵۹޻ʵĶӣ֪δ˽ΪһˣŹ𣿽͵͵㣬߾ǿأˣЩޣǷκ׵ģ㽫ҴߣǻŹ֮Ҫϲ㣬Ϊ˶벻£Ǿͬʱص۹޵۹
ŮӵĻҶûŮǰ㱩ףɫƽڳ˼ʲô
ƽĶۣҶʱҲǷǳģϾЩŮӴģʥˣȻԣὫŮӴж˿飬ȻڱʬʲôãŮսһֻȥͶŮӽȥ
ЩԣԥȥǲԡҲ˵һôҲûʵڵİ취ȻŮԺһǲܷŹģҶɲʲôԩͷŪĴڡ
»ǵ취Щˣ
ôʱŮҶЩ룬ҶӦģٲãҲǵóģҶȴƽ·ûĻһ㣬Щɻ
Ҷûлش𣬶תͷŮӣ㣬Ҳڴػʲôݣ˵ͬһϣǲĺǵȴǵģ϶֮֡ѾˣΪ˰ѶԷѾԼ˳ҾҲӦóˣ
ԣŮЦݣΣչһЦСܵܣ˵ûʲôƣȱɽ㣬㻰û˵أȻûʲôƣǽȴа취ѺЩ
ʲô취Ҷæʵ
ŮЦЦұܣΪһǧиϹżǸżǰڵأǰԩ󷨣ֻҪǽǸżЩû취
żҶüͷһ壬ǲŽȥ𣿡
ŮӰҶһۣǽȥǸżżطһ㣬ҵ𣿶żΣգôȥ϶һġҲ֪ͷĽǲЩȥģԼʵǿ˸Žȥ
ô֪ǸʲôżҶʵǰŮӣȻǲȫţ֮Ĳޣ
Ů񿴰׳һҶһۣСܵܣŵӣ
벻ŵʲôϵҶüʵ
ŮԼͷΪǸżŵڵأҴص۹ĵӶȥǸżǵطȻΣգͬΪ˿żѰ߽׹ġ
˵⣬ŮӶ˶٣ȻֵСܵܣ㲻ǽڵ𣿡
ҶʲôżףŮ⣬һ㶣ȻҡͷҲǽڵӣȥǸżɣҲûʲô취ˡ
ҶĻŮ۾һȻЩɻ㲻ǽڵӣĽ
˵Ҳǽڵӣ㰮ŲţҶЩû԰գÿڤǸı˷򣬳ұ߶ȥ
ŮƺҶȤʵСܵܣȻǽڵӣԪŵĵˣ
ûţҶ
ŮɻСܵܣʵԪŶʸˡΪûţ
йϵ𣿡
ȻУڿ˽Ҳ˵ڿˣǣ˵ûйϵ𣿡
Ҷ
֮ŮŪһ£ǾǰûţŮֱðǹ⣬µСܵܣȻûţǲҴصĻʼѧԺʵҪʼѧԺǼֱ׾ٵ£
ûȤҶǶÿǣֱӾܾǰȤڣԼʦڣαȥʲôѧԺ˹
ŮЩˣôûȤأʼѧԺȻڻʼѧԺлǰʮͿԻôصļӷ⣬˽˾Ͳ˵лˣҲң˵һʶӢۡôҪ£ôûȤأ
Ҷһ飬һƽ飬ȻתͷŮӣŮúôҺֻûðôһ䣬ƾʲôҸ죿ƾʲôҪΪȥƴƴ㿴𣿡
Ůɫһ죬ȷǰȷֻǵԼܿ죬ɫָƽȻЩɬĿҶһۣȻҲкôģôص۹Ľͣ磬Ȣūˡ
ҶЦһȢ㣿Ů鷳ҵǰ׳Ҳֱ˻ǮĴУѾϲˣ㣬ûȤ
ŮɬЦָֻ̣ܿūĶСְܵĽ֮飬ûҪСܵܵ˼УҲֻôһˡУСܵϲʲôϵ檲Ǻ𣿡
޵ˣҶŮ˴ĴָǰŮǼƷ˼ά뿪ų̶ȣеԲ
Ůӻ׼˵ʲôʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬ϻˣ鷳ˣ


110 
ڤͣǱϣҶŮɫޱصĿǵǰ
ǰһƬһƬݵأһƬޣЩ޾粻ߣ඼ĽףҲ󣬸ͲࡣˣһƬʮ򣬶һڲࡣ
ЩûҶˣȻڤڣҶҲ·
ɽȺǰһƬŮӳ
ԣҶƤһģȻ粻ߣʮɽһЩ׺ݵȺǣΪǵʵˡⲻһȺȡʤȺ
ͷ֪ǵͼɽ赲ǣŮӵСܵܣˣûʲô취ֻܴӱĵطˣЩһǿֻмʮľˣ
ʨȺԽԽҶһȻСһ㷢ˣ˵꣬Ҷڤڤǻ⣬һХȻȺ˹ȥ
ҶǼǵõСһҹȺĳǰɽϲǾϣϣҹɿǲ˲һ㡣
Ůɫһ䣬ǱǰĪȥɣԥҪҪǱʱҶϵѾȺǰ
ŮӾ㵵Ŀ£͵ӿһεѹѹһ֣Щɽ϶ʱٴУ˲Ϣͬˮһ㳯ӿȥǰ㳡׳ޱȡ
ϴСһЩҹһ㣬ЩɽΪ˸ϿȻʼͬ࣬˵ɽȺڲԼͬʬ
ǰһĻҶŮ˫Բд𾪡ǰһĻˣʮɽϰ߾ǿҲݱܷâȻǸС˫צ˼¾ȫˣһͬʬܣǴ˵е
Щɽĵ˵СԴȻصҶļϣСԴ˲Ҷգ
СһԴҶЦһڽеĶģеҲҵģ˵꣬Ҷɫһ죬Сһɱжˣڽͣռˣ
һҶȻæ˵СԴֻ֪֪ǸСҲˡ
СܵܣʲôޣʱŮ̲ס棬ʵ
ҶŤͷŮһۣһ𣿡
ŮƲƲ죬⣬ֻǺĿҶϵȥСֻա

ΪʲôɽȺ糱ˮȥ״ɻɽȺ˵ûĻ߾ǿߣЩɽȺҲûȥġ
ڣɽȺȻֱȥ·޻һ㣬״гɻ
ʨ޵۹Ϊʲô൱
ұʮ⣬ɫ׵˿״󺺣ʵ
Ȼǰͬˮ𣬵ǶֻΪǸŮˣŮߣ˶Բ˶ߣ˷ǳĬĽԹ¡Ȼ׷Ů˺߻ⲻһսģΪһҪŮһȴҪŮ˻
ʨ״俴һۣʲôطǿпȻĽ൱ץˣǽŰȻʬڶϻԨ࣡
˳ĬΣʨûпܲ࣬Ѿεޣ뷨ǰڼʱˣʱǾ뷨еΪۼģϢ
ʨƤһԭûⷽ룬ΪϢԵһ˵ϸϸһ룬Ⲣǲܰ
ǻޣǼԦϵĺӥȴɽȺսˣһǾͷǳˡ
ֻǻޣΪʲôȴϢҶԷΪʲôҪŮˣѵǵ㣿
ˣʨͫһȻҲĶΧʨȺһХʾʨӿٶȡôŮ˱ҪȻӵĴ£ˣ
ʨȺӿٶȣһԵҲǼӿٶȣܶԷ޻࣬ҪѰȻȫͻض޶Ȼλɾѱˡ

ιǸʲôżжԶǱϣҶʵȻɽȺЩûܣٶԽԽ죬ȥ˳Ҫ׷ϵġϾ޵硣
ŻҪһʱŮЩȷ
ԣҶɫһûȥż
ȻûУǽ졭Ů˵⣬ͻȻͣûڼ˵
ȻŮӻû˵꣬ҶѾ˸ţŮӦһӻĴƻĳǰŮӵļƻ˱仯֣ǰŮܵ·ӦǱ𴦣ʲôżڣŮǰʲôż϶ʲô
һˣҶʶ˽еĽϲãŮˣܣ뵱նɱˡΪô뺦˵ģ
СܵܣҶ֣ŮӺȻ
ҶһеɱѹȥŮ̸̸ԣ
ŮЦݣ̸ʲô
Ҷ֯ԣ֮ԩ޳һ£㽫Ƶ޵۹Ǵص۹֮УĺҾͲƽˡڣҪҴȥʲôżĺ𣿡
Ҷǲϲϻû취ǶԷݻǶԷʵͶȻûЩˣԥĽŮȺO


111 ˣ
ҶĻŮЦĬΣҶһۣһʼûҪˮϾֻһ˾ߡڸ㣬ŲţûпҪ㣬Ϊӵ·ҲҪӵ·ߣ˵һжɺϣ
ɺϣŮӵĻҶ㳯Ůһ˦ȥ׷ֻΪһɺϣʱ治֪ЦǸŭ
ŮӼȥ̳żҲûа취֮¡ΪҲʲôԭ޾Ȼʮɽ׷ǣ˵Ӧǲֵ˷зģȴˡ룬Ӧ֪ʲôԭ򣡡
ԣҶȻ֪ʲôԭ򣬿϶Լڤ޵ע⣬ԶԷŲϧʮɽ׷ǡ仰˵һжҵġ
ˣҶмΪˬŤͷŮӣȥɺãֻҪȥӦûŹңã׷ң
ŮЦСܵܣϽˣˡЦòҵһɽô׶
ܱô𣿡
˵ʲô㶼ǲģ֮϶ˣ
ô߾ǿߣеڲٿԣ
ڲ٣ʲôپͿˡ
Ҷ
Ҷˣһ仰ˮ㣬˲Ҫ޵СǰŮ޵ˡ
СܵܣĲԸʼѧԺŽ㣬ֻҪʼѧԺʵʣضһɳ죬ʱǹȨˣֻҪһ仰ͻԴԴϵŮӻǲҶʼѧԺ
ҶתͷŮӣǷһĨЦݣ˵˲Լɣ
ŮһȻɫһ죬ܿȴָֻȻҶ¶˸˵ЦݣСܹܵûʼѧԺĻʰǰףūҲǲԣֻСܴܵʱûǽССܵܣʵǸʰϵʵ̫ȻСܵҲûаᣬܡ
ͣҶŮӵĻλŮҶǸʲôʰûʲôȤ˷˼ˡУҶҲûʲôȤģȵǸʲôżǾͻֵ𡣡
ҶƺĶԴػʼѧԺȤŮӵһ̾ǲɫʵĺǿ츳϶ҲǼΪӦҲ֪һ˵츳ںãûԴ뿿ɽ˵ĳɾͱضǼ޵ģرǿɽһѡһɽǷǳز۵ġ
ҶֹֻһΣҲһΣõҶʵ𾪲ѡһٶʹڣ¡ڼҶ˵ûţǳϣҶصӪ
ɽҶЦһȻҡҡͷ˵ĶԣɽⶫĺҪǿɽⶫĿɿ츳ʣʵŻԥңҸţ漰Щɽ棬ЩɽԥĽ԰˻ǿǿڿɽʲôģǶǲ׵Ķ
뵽ҪýȥҶоƵһ֮ʱҶҲǽڵǿɽҲǽڵΪ٣ǽôأٻϣЩڳϾͺԥĽýȥ
ĿɽҪ֮ã
Ů΢ţ˵ʲôվû˵ֻǻһ̾Ϊеˣид
ĬΣֿڣСܵܣ㲻֪ʲô£ȰһȰʣڱʼѧԺصպضŹʡ֮˵Ҿã뱻ԼĿɽǾֻŬǿļֵԽԽߣ㣬ɽὫ
ҶЦЦ˵˵ȥǵÿԼʲôԴܱǸҲȱУڽʲôСܵˣԽҶ
ԣŮٴ̾һɲֻʱû취ǰҶıˡҪ¶ĥлġ
ԣҶͻȻתͷŮӣȻŮӣϣҼʲôʼѧԺʲôĿģ˵Ϊʲôص۹ҿҲΪΪˡ
ŮգգۣΣչһЦӦҲ֪ڴػݲһ㣬ȻˣǽΪص۹Ѱ˲ʲôԣ˵ˣ㲻˵ʼѧԺҶûʼѧԺǸʰǰʮǽӻ鲻ûйһأ
ҶɵĿŮһֱۣǰŮ˵ɾţֲܷϣǰŮ˵ĻǷǳֵģǾǰŮӿ϶Ϊԭ
ΣҶҡҡͷתͷȥЩ߰¡ŮӴʲô⣬Ѿ̳żŮ˷ֵʵǲ˼Ůһˡ
ҶϲŮƯҺ𣿡ŮӺȻʵ
ҶҡҡͷһǱ˵ˣ´㡣
ңŮüëһ㻹˵òҡ֮дǿҵš
ûгŮ𣿡ҶоģÿʮһٱǸûɱԣòиŮˣȻŹ
ðɣȽƯŮӽЦн㶮𣿽͵͵㣬ź˵ַϰ֣Ҳкüʮ֣˽㣬㱣֤ÿô
Ҷһ飬˻һŮ𣿾һЩҲûǿɣΣҡҡͷһŮ
Ůӻ׼˵ʲôͻȻҶļȻָԶһڵضСܵܣǵˣ


112 
Ҷ̳żʱ𺳵ˡǰһ޴ޱȵĳǽǽ߰ɣڿҶǽĿȡųżҪȰϳǴʮֹ
ȻڵصףǵµĹȴǼãȻ̫⣬¹ʯʯͷɢ⣬¹һ㡣
ڳǽı棬ȱطƣЩȻѾʧȥ˹Чܼ״ҶЩ𾪣ΪЩƾȻһ󷨣һһеķ󷨣붼𾪰˵ۼˡ
ΪǰУҴصĵ۶Ҳǲ˶˰£ŮӸп
ԣҶعĿӳǽЩƵѾûгŵţǰɣȻҲϸۿ̳ûǿ׷ǡ
Ůӵ˵ͷȻҲæȥ
棬ʨɫ׵վ߶ţ˴ʱɫǼѿԭǵľ磬Ҫ׷һ˾߾׾ٵ£ǽȴ˶ûܹ׷ϣֻܿԼҪ׷˽̳ż
ȻûڤҶҪ׷ϵģ˶зڤԺ˵ٶȾͲһܹ׷ˡڤ빥ϲʨһ壬ٶȴǾԳʨģڼҶռȻ˲ûбʨ׷ϡ
żڣ˳ĬΣȻתԼĲ£ﵽ߾վЩʱͷҲʱһ˸Ϥ
˵Ļ֮еŷ˳
˿һۣȥش˴츱ͳǲУһ˻ض֪ͨ¡԰գ˳ʨһۣȻ˽żڡ
ȻΣأȥǹ˵ĻЩ˽Ļȥ·һΪʼںľӣ
˴ȥ״ҲԥתЩʨȺ˼ȻҲŽżڵѾںŮˣںص꣬Էǻε޵ĻãǵĻ͹ӿֲˡ
оʲôޣǶ˵Ǹ޴ѣ

ֵϣҶŮӲʱĴΧΧЩݲѿ̳ǺεȵķҶ¹³ǲ壬е֡
ǵģڽֵϣûе壬ˣȻϵĳе˺ܶࡣ
ҶЩ˻쾳ߣµһûҲ˵Ϊ˾еر
ʵ͸ñ۸仰ǷǳеġΪڼ͸ܵĿ⣬һ⣬ЩĿ䴦ϴɽ䡣ЩڼɵԵŮӣûֱӶ֣
ΪԵŮ˲֪ʲôȻΪϢȫ˸ܲΪȻ˸ܲΪȴǸӶɵˡΪƨ붼֪˾Բʲôͨ˵ġŮӼȻܹصķϢǾʹݿ϶һ㡣
ԣΧЩȻҶϴɽȤȴҲ׶֡
ȻЩ˾ֱӶҶҲǲģֻЩ鷳ܹǺõġ
Сܵܣøл㣬ǽ㣬ָʬأŮӽЦҲҪʲôĶǰ㿴Ʒ㼸Σ
ҶƲƲ죬ŮĪʧķ˲ɣȻռıˣ
ŮˣҶӿ˽Ųųȥ¶Է׷ΪڵλþԼҲ֪ģԷҪôһҵˣб٣Ҳûʲô
˼ҶͣתǸһŮӣιѾЩˣøȥˣף
Ů׼˵ʲôʱͻȻһ˳ӴԼʮңݼƣһģӿ̳һ㡣ĿҶɽͣһ£ȻҶԵŮϣĿе̰аû˿
˵Ŀ⣬Ůü΢һ˦ȥͻȻҶһۣתתȻƣҶ¶һ־ı飬ūҺ£
ҶݺݵصŮһۣŮ˵ʵҪǰֻ쾳ļһŮǰҪǹʹ
뵽⣬ҶֽŮԼĻŮһ㶣û뵽һҶͻȻһʱҶȴָǽ޵ĺ촽һڣȻ£Ϊڣ˭Ҳ˺㣡
б˲ռ˵ŮıˣҶȻҪռҶɲʲô˾ӡǰŮѾһˣռһαˣ˵׻׬˵ģ
ŮӻعһĨŭݣӿҪʱһԵһȽϸߵĺٺЦ޵ӣСֵܵǺøСֵǵһ̳żɣ
ҶŭŮЦЦȻˣ˵ʲôϻǲҪ׼ҵɽ䣬ҵֱӶְʹв˷ʱ𣿡
ֵһ㶣⵽˭ٵģعֵܽ¶ŭݣǸ߸ӵŭСӣŰֵûʲô⣬ǼţٲҪ㸸ĸѵѵ㣡ˡ
˻û˵꣬һ⻮ֻ˵ĸ߸ӺͷѾһѪ˳ȥ


113 ׽
һͷ׵طɳȥõڳŮʣµĺ˶סˡΣŮӻعĿҶһۣЩСǰˡһٶȣ쾳Ҳﲻİ
ʣµǸҲعˣȻ־ĿҶڱҲ֪Լֵ˲ǵˡֵһƬ򾭳ִٵ£Ȼʵǵһ̳żˡ
ɣҶǰŮ˷ǳǵĴٱ׼Ȼʵ
˿־ĿҶһۺû˿ԥתȥԷһսЦǰǰôû壬սƨֻԼܹȣܵĿһЩ
תһ̣һڳлǸоˣ˫ԲȡȻֹɫض˲ͻ˺ӵ
սʣҶĿұߵһʯݴ»𣿡ʵǰ֪ڸŮӣǰ˲ǶԷ̽ŮӵӡԷĺܺãСһڣԷǰһЦ
ҶĻŮֺĿҶһۣȻ֪Χˣֻܺǰôֵģǲŷ˾
ȻҶ˵꣬һʮݽǴ˳꿴һǵ˵ʬ壬кâһתͷҶŮӣڿŮʱһĨ
Ů΢ͣһ£ſҶºÿĽǽڵӣ
Ҷûлش𣬶ָŮӣǲǿˣ
Ůӽһ㶣Ҷ˼
ҶЦһ㲻ǿС檣Ȼֲ֪ҵϸ̽̽˰ɣ
Ҷֱ׵Ľ˼˵һĨɭɱܿתΪЦ⣬ˣ°׽λһ̳żֱֵܸ٣Ÿ˹׼ģֻڿ¶һˡ
𣿡ҶЦЦѾֿȥˣ
׽ЦһΣЦλǵһ̳żض̳żİĺܣ½һΣȻڶҶ˵ȴһֱڿҶԵŮӡ
ҶŮӣ˼أô
Ůӿһ۰׽ȻֱסҶֱۣһЦūȻҪŷ
ҶŰ׽ʼ磬֣ˣ
׽˫ȭںôã֪ǰ˲ʲôޣŮ֮ԻΪ뻹ϣõ걣ϾûɷȭͷĵطһŮǲܻȥġ
ȻЩص㣬ص׽ǰŮˡǰŮ˱ǰŮ˼ֱ¹ǰֻ꣬û뵽ǰʵȻǿһͽ¡
вһЩɵ
ĪǰС檵ģӲȥҶЦǰܹʹ쾳ߣǲ򵥡޼ɵɱˣȴɵΪŮɱǰˡ
Ȼǰ˷ҪֵĻҲͶԷһ̡
ŮҲЦЦĿ˰׽һۣҲ뿴ǰ˻᲻֡ȻûȤȤԼʵȻҶ꽻ֹһΣǻҶʵǰŻԼʵĿĲǰϻΪ̽Ҷʵʵ
ҶϵЦݣ׽ԥΣշ˳뷨ǰ͸ҶԷʼն̫侲ˣҪ֪Ʒǿ߰Էȴǰûа⣬ض̣
뵽⣬׽ƤЦⲻЦ̨˵Цˣ׽ôˡȻλԸĳͬ·ǰĳֻøˡˣĳ̨һԣˣǵ͵Ϊã˵꣬ĿҶһ۱תȥ
͵ˣҶҡͷһЦŮӣҺ𣿡
ǰǰޱأūͨͨŮЩɬ
ҶΪ̬˼𣿡
ūҶĶأôͲūأŮЩί
סҶ˰֣ǱЩʲô߰ˡǰҾ˵żǾͷֵǸķˡڣڣ˵꣬ҶתߡһҲʲô
˼ҶһתŸŮӣüǲΪҲ֣
ūҡ
̸𣿡ҶŮӵĻ
ԣŮɫָȻֱҶǰңϰɣ
Ҷһ飬ҵģ
ҵѾˡŮ
㿪ʲôЦҶĲֻһ¶ѣûôˣԣ
֪ҵ𣿡ŮӵǴص۹λʵ۵ãҲǴص۹ĳȻֻһӵĹôҲǹҵ˼𣿡
ôص۹вңҶ˫΢У
ŮҡҡͷҵСܵܣôףһܵһ̣Ǵص۹޵۹λӾͲŹǵġûйϵǵֻһżȻ
ȣһֶĺ£һŹҵģΣ޵۹Ķӵ涪϶ҲŹҵġðɣ϶Ϊҵ£¡Ϊص۹޵۹˻Ź㣿Ȼ֣ʹǽڵĵմӣҲûаֻ·
ԣҶɫò˵ǰŮ˵ĻǷǳеġص۹޵۹ȻҪԸҶûл·Ҫ֪ȻʵǱǽٻҪǿġ
ŮӼԣҪҾͱֻ֣֣Ҳһ߻ᡣ仰˵ͬһϣӦͬ۹ãǷֵ֪бضܲʣϾԭҸ˵£ʵѾ˵꣬ŮӿҶȴҶĻش
ԭļƻܺ󣬾زصĹһӡǰҶı⣬ǰԸ֣аջΣܹ»ôػҵӡȻһеǰǰԸ⣡


114 
ĬΣҶȻҡͷЦЦҳ˵ĺеһҪܾ
ΪʲôŮü
ΪҲ㣡ҶֱŮӣڣ˵ǰ٣ڣ˵ЩܶԣʵҲˣҾǸоĿĿ϶ֹô򵥡Ļµʱұ˻ҪǮ
ҶӲΪǸɵӣҲΪ̳ǰһֱ˵ϲŮ͸ʵ뷨͸͸ʹΣգȻΣգõİ취ǲȥӴ
ڴص۹޵۹£ڶԷҲ֪˭һȥصƷ壬˭ǵ
ŮӿҶΣȻչһЦСܵܣ֮仹ǺĺãǧŶ֪ݿ϶򵥣ǽҪ㣬ǽĶӶûáΪ¹ϵص۹޵۹棬Ȼǰ޵۹ֻǶף֪˲࣬ȴҲ١˽㲻к³˽ˣ۹Ҳùģ˵أ
ҶŮӣʵĺɱ㣬ģǰŮˣҲѾշһֻǰŮˣڻѾ֮Ů˵ڣһôûõǾ˴ص۹޵۹Уĺɱˡ
ŮЦЦϣεǽ㲻ǣͬһϣ㲻пҪһͬԧˡҪ֪ص۹ͨǷǳֲģ
˵ˣҲ㣡Ҷ
ģǿģŮЦ
ҶЦЦûȤ㽨ˣҲںϻˡ޵۹ص۹Ҳ֪˭ǰɡڣ˵꣬Ҷתߡ
òϣص۹޵۹Ȼǿ󣬵ǰŮˣŮ˺ϻıƤȻ⣬ֻҪ뿪ʮɽȺһ꣬Ͳ۹ҵƷȥ
ҶתߣŮתתȻæȥ߱ߵСܵܣĲẦ㣬ֻкôûС
Ů˵ŻͻȻͫһγԱһʱԭվλôһֱֱͣǣŽҶ
ʣҶ˵ˣڸңԣǰŮ浱Ҷǰ׳ղɣȻ
СܵܣúݵģȻĶԽ֣ŮؿڣԹһ㡭
죡ҶȻȵûʱ˷ʱ䣬ѾȫҪʲôԼȥڸңԣ
ԣŮӱָȻҶ̸̸ô
Ŀɵǿ죡Ҷ
Ůҡҡͷ֪гɼҾǻӦúҳϣҶһЩ£ڸ㣬֪ھϲ
Ůӱ飬Ҷüͷһ壬Σʲôࣿ˵ãҾںңһȥҲ̸ʲô£
Ů۶ͷ㷢Ȼɫʵ޵۹Ӻףǻʵ۸үүľүүǴʼʵۣҸڵĴػʵۣڶڱչس磬ִֶ
˵ص㣡ҶüҶʼҵûȤ
ŮЦЦ޵۹ӽֶ⣬֮Ϊϣ޵۹Ƕӵµİⲻص㣬ص²ñ֪ΪǸүүɻľйᡣ±ֶ֪Զǻλˣ
⻰кܶ©Ҷȣ˵²ܱ֪һһʲôѵǲ𣿡
Ϊܻ߳ʮɽ𣿡ŮЦҵ޵۹ʱҲ֮ʱ
ҶĬһᣬʵΪʲôӦʲô½ף
ԣŮһĨɭɱΪֶĸвң֪ҪʲôڴػʵͬͬĸڼĸûһõңֶŻȥӣ
ȻǻʼҰҶҡҡͷ仰ǰ˵ҲȫţˡΪĿĶֶεİ
Ȼĸв㣬ΪʲôҪܣҶٴʵ
ΪֻܹĸԼŮӳļ޸ʲôӵ£ֶĺֶΣ϶취ɱĸס෴ߣͶĸ׵вҡ
ɱĸףҶţʲôЦ㣬ĸ׺ôҲʼʵӰɣң
ŮǷһĨЦ֪үүж𣿡ҶشֵǧүүֺֹǧӼľаǧ࣬ûģǸʤ֪ػӹж𣿲˵ǻʵ۸磬үүĶӾİٶ࣬нһǧҡ
ҶʧЦʼǲ۲۵еˣʼ˶ӣкܶ඼ֻһҹޣǰŮӵĸӦþ֣ûкõݵӣֲܳ裬ڴػʹ϶ǼΪӵġ
ΣҶҡҡͷ˵ЩʲôϵΪʲôҪһ
Ů񿴰׳һҶһۣǸɵ޵۹ӽ׵һܣΪ˱ܣֶὫױ龳ǿ߶ɱһߣ˵Ź𣿡
ԣҶЦЦҾļƣ
ʵҲܣΪԷһҲŹġŮӵ
Ҷ룬ұ֤˵ȥвУ
˵أŮЦЦ
ǲˣҶʼ磬ǸʲôֶĻԹı˽ôص۹ͨͨ㣿
ᣡŮҡҡͷֱͨ׷ɱѾ׷ɱҿʼˡСص۹ص۹Ҫһˣ׾ٵ¡
Ҳ鵽ҵݺͻ׷ɱأҶ
ŶŮĿҶһۣȻЦСܵܣ˵㲻ǽڵӣһֽȽڵӻҪϬĪǽ˽ӣֻǣǽ˽ҲŹģȻŲԸ㣬ǰɱأ˵˭֪Ը㣿
Ҳ˵Һ˵⣬ûбİ취ˣҶʵ


115 
ȻǣŮЦֻҪҺҾа취ֶԸǣǽҲʲô£ϾǸλĿɲֹһ
ҶҡҡͷܾԼҪʵǲǻʼҵЩǸʲôֶҪԸңǾɡ
ҶֻʵȻμư񣬶ʫԼһȤû
ҶǾܾŮ̾һãֵĲ𣿡ȻЩġ
ҶҡͷЦЦʵǰͱǰŮ˵ˡǾܾˣǸԭ޷ǰŮˡŮڻʹֵط۾ԲܱȵĹģ˺Ů˽ģͼҶҪ˵ġ
ԣʹǸʲôص۹Ļ޵۹ĻҪԸҲѡ˾ܾ
Ϧѧ㣬㣿Ů׼˵ʱһӾϲұߵĽֵ˹
ԣҶԴȥֻŮŮ˽ǶʮңпŮرŮӣȻŮòȲԵŮӣҲһ顣
˿첽ߵҶŮǰΪ׵ӿҶŮòʱϺžϲϦѧ㣬ôҲ̳żĪҲΪ֮Ĺ
Ϧ£ҶŮһۣԭŮĽϦ¡ǰӽѧ㣬ӦþǴص۹ĻʼѧԺˡ
ǣŮüͷʵԷȻѧ㣬ӦþǻʼѧԺѧˣֻĲʶԷ
ԣһĨȻǰŮǲǵˣѹȻ¶һЦݣҽо٣ڻʼѧԺѧָѧӦûӡɣ
Ϧһ£Ȼ¶Ȼ֮ɫԭ㣬û뵽ѾƷˣû˷ҵĿˮ
ɫȻϦһ񣬵ָ֮
ϦЦЦ㣬ҲӦָҲֻΪѧְˡнյĳɾͣȫԼŬ
оٵЦЦۣȻѧΪ֮ĹǵĻǵԽͬС
֮ĹϦʵʲô
һԵҶҲЩĿǰоٵӣȻֻǺǸʲô֮Ĺ
ѧ㲻Ϊ֮Ĺپȵ
ϦҡҡͷҷֻżȻ

ԣоٵԵ𾪣ȻϦԵҶҶֻǷ˾ƷʱʱŹˡΪ׵ľиһĨֻصĺܺá
ҶҲϦ仰ˣǰŮҪҪ⼸֮ڣˮ뵽⣬Ҷ˫΢Ů
ΣΪ׵ľ¶˸ǿЦݣʵѧѾ飿
ûϦЦҲˡ
ҶµûϦ¾ҪˮΪֻĸл޹ᣬҲȥġԣȥ淢ֶĸȻһõĽҲԶ乬ĸϣġ
رһ˽ػעӣ´ػǾԲ׷ŹġԣץȥĽֱضҡ
֮ҪҶˮΪҶܹıĽ֡ѡ˽һϲģǴص۹϶澡ʧѡ˽һŵĻֲһˡزᴦ
ΪЩܳĹŵĿֻһǾ£·ţ
ϦµĻоٵɫ΢ÿһЩûͺãҶһۣĿҶϵĽ϶˶٣Ȼ̨ǽڵӣ
ҶĿϦһۣȻҡҡͷǣֻɢһ
ԣǻʼѧԺĿٴιһɢޣһֻ߾Ʒʵǰѧôῴдˣ
ϦסҶֱۣЦҷȷֻһɢޣʻ׼ʼѧԺʣڻʼѧԺӦܹռһϯ֮صģȻҶʲôĿֻһǾǽЩ˵Ŀڸ߻ҵˣܹԦ׼ʼѧԺȥ
ҶؿϦһۣŮ˲һĽͣλĶɱˣǰŮʵף
ʼѧԺԵЩ⣬ȻԴѧ㣬ʼѧԺɲʲô˶ܽȥģѾʮ߰꣬Ȼȴṳ̂죬ʣ½벻˻ʼѧԺ
ϦЦ˪ǰ˵ӣʲô
ϦƤһȲ˵ǰѧأʵ϶ҲڵܹģҪ֪һǰԷɾѾƷæѧ㣬гҵͬѧֱڿ죬
Ϧ°˰֣˾ٵĻȻǽгӣʲôʲôʸ˵ҷʲУ
һŮ˵Լͬѧ밮Ľ֮˵裬ɫͨ죬˫ȭգǼɵϦµʵҶֻ֣ܳѧ㣬ֻʵʵ˵У䲻ϡ
˵Ǿɫ䣬Ϊǰѧ㶯ˣֻϦһ˲˳ǰȻžһϳһͨӡ
Ϧͳһ־˲ƣȻֶһԣǻڴ͵ĳҷ䲻ңƨ£Ҫ죿ڸҹȻ´ξͲһƵ£ͷأ
ǾЩŵĿϦ£ѧ㣬Ѿ߾ˣ
⻰ǻعĳͫһ¶ηɵ
Ϧ°˰֣߰ɡ
ԣ¶һĨɬϦ±˱ȭȻֿҶһۣŴתȥ
ȥҶϦ£ҲϲڲҸͣȻǾһս


116 Լ
ϦһȻֱҶСܵܣ߽㣬ܹԦ֮⣬ǲǻǽ⣿
Ҷͫһ֮һδʩչǰŮô֪
Ҷ飬Ϧ֪˴𰸣̲סЦЦһᣬԭСܵ˴˵еĽ⣬Сܵܣɵ츳أ
ôģҶ
ΪĽ뽣̫޷ȫƽ⣬ʹý뽣ʱ͸һ˿˿⡣Ϧµ
ԭˣҶȻʵԭҲо⣬û취ΪȻ˽⣬Ƕ⽣Ŀȴ޷ȫգҲһֱǳͷ۵ĵط
Ҷʱȥ⣬Ϧ£ͣҪͣȻһᾡȫɱ㡣
ϦºҶɢɱߵҶǰȻ쵽ҶǰʮִȻ˫΢աҶüͷһ壬ȻǰŮĲҪ֣ǲܲ׼˺ʱϦ˫۶Ȼ¶ʹ֮ɫȻһƺɫɫĺ˲ûҶڡ
Ҷɫ䣬ԥذνնϦ£ȻŮͷֻмʱϦͻȻһѪ˳Ȼֱֱ˹
ҶսʣסŮӣȻ˫΢գԼڣֻǰһƺ֮ϣӿ׼ɢ٣ȻĽɫմƺʱеŮʱһ鴤ڳʲôĪʹһ㣬žµŤ
ҶһæͣڵĶȻͣ¶Ϧֹͣ˳鴤κϦ»˫ۣȻҶ¶һЩҵЦݡ
ʲôҶʵ
ҵƻǡϦǷһĨȻҽҵƻǽκκ֮ģͼı죬㲻ڵһʱӦܹƻڣ˰ɣ
ԣҶɫݣǰŮ˾ȻƻǽǽﰡʵΪʲôе㲻ŮΪʲô
ǰ˵ҺΪ㲻ңҵţǿԺ˰ɣŮЩ
ֵ𣿡
ֵΣҲĸضֶֻĸһ˿ϣϦȻ
ԭΪĸ󣡡ҶȻԭǰŮǰΪĲԼĸף뵽⣬ǸͬܣȻǰŮ˳۶ˡ
ȻΪ濴˰ɣϦǷһĨȣСܵܣȻ㣬ҲǻֻǡСܵܡϲǳӣëûСкǲȤģ
ҶҡҡͷȥϦ¶죬һóһƷϦµϣǾĸ׵ķϣһƷƷһҪ˵ҲȥʲôʼѧԺֻ߰ʲôƻ£ף
ȻǰŮΪĸףԸԼҶежҲֻǸжѣȥŮ˵ʲôƻµġȽԼĸ׻ڰٻܿأ
ҲҪʲôֻҪһСæͿԣ𣿡Ϧдһ˿
ʲôæҶüʵ
˽Ҳǵҵ򣬵ȻֻϣϦЦ
Ҷüͷĸʲôæ
Ϧ°Ҷһۣ츳ʵպضŹʣر±֪ʱʱضˣʱҵڼţʱص۹ұضҼ£㣬һǾͻңһңĸȻҲܹĸƾŮ󣡡
˵ĶĺôҵĺôأҶʵɲɵȥʲôúˣеʵڲҪġ
ϦһһɫƳƵݸҶ㵱ȻҲкôˣһôڴص۹һ֧鱨ϵͳ֧鱨ϵͳԱص㣬ȥǣǾͻǲ֮⣬һڴص۹ҵЩҵȻ󣬵ȴҲСЩҲá
ڶôԽֶвֶȻǴƹ׻ǴˡֻҪҵ֮¾ͿǴڲ£Ҳ˵ԵĲص۹һ˶ѡˣӻᰵаңȻǰʵǱô
˵⣬ϦһЦСܵܣôȻнඣȻֻǽϵ򣬵׷Ļ˵֮ĻᷢЩʲôأ
ҶϦ˵һô֮˶̹ףԼĻǽҵǿҵĽɣ
ϦҲ˵ͷȷСܵû⣬ǲ˲Լ·ġΪûȻʵǿȴǲǾ޲žʵģʰ֮вûСͲͬˣ֪ڳ˼ǰ֮󣬾ûһܹˡ
ԣҶĬˡһֱʵȻȳĸסȻվǼѵģΪﵽ߾ҲǲٻȻԿġǾ仰Ҫ֮ԿǾͱҪԼ
շƻܲ⻹ԶԶΪս⣬˵һǴǰŮӵĻˣǾŮ˵Ǹ鱨ϵͳҶӦýһ
һǼѵģҶĵģΪǷʦֻҪǮһͲˡʣµľˣǰϦ²ú𣿶Էڻ֮вܴȴܹ˽Խһ֧鱨ϵͳðһЩҵĻȻǲ˵ģ
ε⣬ԷУҲ⡣Ҳ˵һ뷨ǿԵġ
뵽⣬ҶһȻ¶˾ģ


117 ɱ
Ҫһ
ҶļƻҶеϦЩ㵵ʵȻҶ뷨Щġ
Ҷ˵ͷô𣿡
ǵǣϦҡҡͷֻ֪һҪǮ𣿻У˲ţЩ⣬㿼ǹ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷȻǹ㿴ΣǮҳ˵ķ죬ԣ
СܵܣǿɲһСĿϦ
ǮƷһҶֻҪҰ¾ͿˣȻΪرһᾡȳĸףô
ģ
Ȼ
Ϧ³ĬΣȻɽǮƷɵù㣬ȻҲΪ
Ϧ´ӦҶЦЦģҲԼģ
뽨ʲôǴ鱨ģרŴɱģϦʵ
Ҷ룬鱨ϵͳ֧鱨ϵͳͿˣ뽨һ֧רŴɱ֯
һΪʲôҪ𣿡
Ǳ֪ȻûȥˣҶŮ֪ŪǶԿٻŮӻΪˡ
Ϧ°ҶһۣȻȥʣ˵ǰԸȳĸ㹻ˡ
ȻѾ̹ϺǿԸʵ˰ɣϦµ
ԣҶʧЦǰŮ˹Ȼޥģ֪üԥ£Ҷϳˡ
Ϧ£ػԱҶˣϦգգۣ
һ𣿡
СܵܣûŮ˲˲仰𣿡
Ҷ
Ϣ˰ʱϦȫָϦվԶȻɫСܵܣǰǾ֮ԣ̳ż֮Ǹʲô֮Ĺ֣Ҿȥ
ΪʲôҶ⣬ʵǣǿǻڱ׷
Ϧµ˵ͷСܵܣȻ֪Ϊʲôһɱ֯ȻǷǳҪġȻҪǾͲܽһҪһǾҪԴ繦ȣЩ֮ĹӦǲȱ˵Ǹòȥһأ
Ҷ£ȻЦ֮ߣȥʲô֮Ĺƣ
˵꣬һϹͻȻڳ֣ԭҶеڵҶļϣͬʱҶɫһ䣬Ҳʩչ粽ǰȥȻνǿһǽǴ͵ؾһն

Ҷһȥʱһذ׺׵س˿УסҶһͬʱһӰǽǴ֡
סҶһǺӰӰѸٱˣζԷûֱʧҹɫУǾҶǰʮ֮⡣
ҶҲû׷ǰӰҶɫأԷֲ̫õòɵϴ޴սʱǰ͵ϮʧܣΪԷɱڵʱû뵽ԷȻʱ֣ǹ
Ϧ¿ǵӰ뵽ʲôͫһɫͬʱһ޳С
ԦޣҵҲϵֻްɣӰ˵ˣһŮࡣ
ȻŮģҶЩ⣬ȻЦһҿԻش⣬Ҳûشһ⣬Σ
ȨҪɱ˭֪ҶҪʲôӰֱӾܾ
ҶЦһ𣿡
ĬϢӰ´γ־ڣ԰գӰλʧںҹС
ӰʧҶüͷ壬ԭСһｫӰ׽ڿ뷨е棬ԷǹѾڲ֮أսΣ˵׽ˣԷ˵ԷԱ𶼲֪
ɱ֯ʱϦ³
ɱ֯Ҷüͷһ壬ʵ֪
Ϧµ˵ͷӦɱ֯һҴص۹Ϊͷ۵֯ǵ˵Ǳ鲼ֻҪǮԪҲҴɱ
ԪǶҴɱҶһԪҲ߾߻߾ɣּǿɱ֯ҲҴɱҲ̫ţ˰ɣ
Ϧ³֯ڷ־ɱѪɱɱɱɱǳɱɱԪŵһ벽߾ĳϣھʱ벽߾ĳձɱɱɹµʱν䶯򡣡
Ҷ˹ɱȻôֲѹסе𾪣ʵԪûǣ
Ϧҡҡͷô᲻Ϊ˱֯Ԫ˰ٻйڣֻ˴˵Ҵص۹ǣȻ˵ˣĸ֯һԱûץһʱԪŲòԸɱ֯
ԪŶû취ҶٴһԪſ֮װȻһɱ֯û취ɱ֯δҲֲ̫һ㡣
˭֪أϦЦЦϿԪŷ˶Ը֯ʵϻԪѾ͸֯ڲҲ˵أСܵܣ㾿˭ȻöԷ˴Ĵɱ㣡
Ҳ֪⣡Ҷȷ֪ҶĳɱģնɱɱҲǰٻˣٻҪɱҶҪȥǮ̿
ϦɫСܵܣ˭Ҫɱ㣬㶼ҪСģ֯ǲɱɹ;Ҳ˵ӽӵһ̣֯ɱ񣬲Ȼ˻ɱһӣֱΪֹ
Ҷüͷɱ֣ȷǷǳͷۣԷһоԶˣսõԶֻܱСһڣֻжڷƷˡΪԷʵֲ̫˵㡣
ҶüͷϦЦСܵܣҲõģصСһڣڼʵֻҪǲɱɱκβ㣡
ҲԣСһڣȻҲڲ֮ءȥɱˣȥ֮Ĺɣ
ϦЦŵ˵ͷҶϦڳдһ֮Ĺڵغȥ


118 СС
֮Ĺ̳ʶĻʹλãûöʱǸϵˣֻǵ˻ʹſʱ΢һ£ΪʱĻʹſǧ֮ࡣ
֮ĹδҲֻǰ㣬һȴ
ҶϸǻʹĳǽţǳǽϾȻķƣȻȵķ֣ЩƾȻڻɢſֲϢЩΪʲôȥˣΪЩڣ߾£˵ǿͻƣǿУ
֮Ĺǻʹ֮УҶϦ¡
Ϧµ˵ͷŵβʹĳⲻʲôţӦˡ
ʹΪʲôҪʹ֮ʮɽǰĻʹҶʵ
Ϊʹ̳ʦϦ³̳ʦ깫òһ߾ǿߣһʦʦڻѾʧҲңҲǺ֮ʦǿռȻа׵Ȳ˼ʧ֮ǰȫѪΪʶƻʶķˮԣ޵۹ʹ
ԭˣҶ˵ͷʵص۹Ϊβʹ֮еı֮
Ϧ°ҶһۣĶͷһǰ׳յģ
ι⸱ģ𣿡ϦҶǳˬ
СܵܣɵĿɰϦЦЦΪҴЩЩ𣿡
Ϊڡ
ʹıﶼЩģϦ´ҶĻ֮ΪҪԼŵӡ
˼˵̳żص۹󱲵ӵģҶЩ㵵
㻹̫ϦµȻΪҴص۹ǰʶڣ֮ڣΪмֵȻͽٵˡȵȿɣ϶ͻ˵Ϊʲô֪Щһ̡
Ҷһ飬׼˵ʱ֪˭һԪŵˡ
ԣ볯·˹ȥֻ۵Żʹ˽Ƕʮ꣬Ƿװװϵı־Ԫŵݱ־
ȻǹȻû뵽Ȼˣ
ɣ˵ǸԪŰʮĹȻ
ҼһΣ߾Ʒʵնɱ쾳䶯һʱû뵽Ȼ֮ĹȤ
仰Χ˽ǵһ߾Ʒնɱ죬ʵĿÿֲݰ
Ԫˣֱߵ˻ʹſڵߣȻĬ·˲һ㡣
СܵܣҲ߾ƷնɱأϦЦ
ҶûȥϦ£ĿΪйȻͣһ£֮оܵΣյϢǵģΣյϢƣ˵ʵ϶ǽū֮еǸûˮֵ콣ū
ǰ˻ֻԪŰʮԪŵŰڵŰǿĲһ㰡
СܵܣսһսϦΨ²ңЦҪҪأ
ҶݺݵصϦһۣطĿģ
ϧˣ㻹뿴СܵʵأûˣϦһϧ
ڵˣʱв֪˭־һ
ҶȥȻֳֳĽڵڵɨܵȺһۣȻԪ˵λãĿǹԴϣиӦ۳˿һۣһĨмȻ±˫ۡ
ӣ
ɫЩѿΪ׵һȻߵ˻ʹſڵұߡ
Ҷ˿һ۱ջĿ⣬ʶӦŰϵĵӣֻǲ֪ڼ
СܵܣĲǽڵĵӣϦºȻʵ˽ҶӦǽڵӵģֻҶ˵̬飬ȫǶԴİǰ㣬еɻˡ
˵˲ǣ㰮ŲţҶûҲеΣ˵ǰϦˣ⣬ϰڽ¾κ˶Ὣǽڵӡ
ΪλὣڵĽϦ¶ƺȤ
㲻Ǻܴ°
Ϧ£
ٻˣʱٴδһǰβ֮ͬдһ˿˷ܡ
ԣһƬȻԪӽǳԶ˹ȥֻʱһ黨ȹŮŮӴԼʮ꣬༫Ϊϸμ䣬ˮת˶ꡣ
ǰٻССû뵽λٻС֮һССҲˣ
ŴŮ߾ǿ߽֣Ҳ֪Ǽ١
Ӧ棬ȻԷҲܻðٻС֮һˣҪ֪ҪΪС֮һò֮⣬Ҫǿʵ
Ԫţٻнڶˣο²ô̫ƽ
أǵĿӦ֮Ĺңûʲôͻģ

һԣǻССҶкһĨɭɱųҲ鲻ԽصĽȻССĿ⳯Ҷλÿ˹ҶһݣŮǿΣʶʱƽ飬Ȼ鷳
Ȼնɱˣȴڣڿɲʣ
ССҶü΢ȻĿҶϵϣʱССüͷչ˿һĨϲ֮ɫûԥҶ˹ȥ


119 һŻƽ
ССĿ⣬һȻĿҲǳҶ˹ȥҶϵʱǻͬʱа̾ҶˣΪǿ߽õĺûᣬǿ߻һŮ
ƺЩϲЩ˵Ŀ⣬СצҶգƺڽҶЩ˸ߡ
һĻǲССҶԵϦҲϲĹâֻ̫ɰˡ
ҶЩСһеģСһƺˣôҲԸڽȥˣΪ˷ֹǸɱ֣Ҳֻˡֻû뵽Сһʵ̫Ůϲˡ
ⲻ鷳ˣ
ܿ죬ССߵҶǰССϸһκŽĿƵҶϣֻңΣȻһᲹ㣬һŻƽƷΣȻ̬º֮ͣȴǴŲɡ
ССĻΧ˿ҶĿĽһ޳ܻһŻƽƷײ˰Ҫ֪ûô޳裬ڴص۹ҲǼٽҵ⣬ٽҾܻһŻƽƷⲻײ
Ҷû˵һԵϦȻʧЦȻЦЦĿСССˣ˵ҪһŻƽƷֻСһ˲ֻ֪СһĿֲ֪ģû´ֻСһһֻĴڣһŻƽƷһֻǰŮԴĪǱżˣ
ϦµĻע⵽Ϧ£Ϧµòʱ۾ʱǰŮӲòģСС֮ϰ
ССϦ°ΣһĨɵϦЦЦλѵҲֻСһ
ϦЦЦֻһʣǼ˵꣬˵Ҷԡ
ССĿϦһۣȻҶΣһŻƽһֻ޳裬㲻
ҶȻ˵ƽˣǸҲ˶࣬ᵱŮնɱڰٻˣһøҲûֻҪлᣬһɱһ
ССɫ׼˵ʱһӵһԴССֻ޳ĸȻҪܾǲ֪ôڣһᣬֻ޳裬ȻԶһۣȻͽͷɣ
ȥֻԪŵĹԴԪ˻СС
ССߵǰĹԴӯӯһЦԭǹʦ֣һССأ
ԴһЦĿССǰɨһۣԴҲأ
м飡Ǵʱ˵뷨
ССֻԴЦģʦȡ˵꣬ԴתҶҶûԼ֣üëһҵĻδ
ˣҶ˵ͷȻССһ۵ٻ̸ֹ˵ôλǼأôմŮͲǹ洦ã
һԵϦͻȻЦСܵܣǹªţٻȻ̸ֹ˵ȴǲµӵϾŮҲҪй򵥵˵ǣٻӲԶ飬ȴǿϴ𣿡
ҶȻ򣬿СС빬ԴҲ˵λοŮĹϵ
ԣһԵ˽̿еתЦ
ССɫĿ£ӿҪ֣ȴڼɵʲô
ǹԴȴûмɵʲôֻƣһǿľҶԴǺݺ˹ȥ˵裬ǵһΣ
Ҷɱ׼νʱһڵıӴƷǰơ
Դɫһ䣬Ҳƣҽ͵̤أ峯˶ȥ˵ʮ󣬹ԴϦ£߾Ǻˣ
ԣɫ˽û뵽ǰĻ𱬵ŮӾȻ߾ǿߣǰЩ׼˼˸Ǿһ亹⹬Դ֣Ů˳ˣȻĻȥˡ
һԵССҲһĨɵȻ߾֣Ҳֻǽֶѣûսʤ߾ĳ̶ȣ
Ϧ˦еıӣЦǰ˵ҪҷԶһ۵ģȻЦȴ˲
һ㶣ǰ߾ŮȻ˾ߵĵ£
ĪǴ˵еʻţࣿ
ԴҲƤһҲû뵽ǰ߾뷲˾˾Ȼǵ£һ飬¶һǿЦݣЦ֮
Ц֮ϦЦЦҲЦ֮ˣҲԶһۣҾͷŹ㣬Σ

ʱһЦԶȥֻһѸٶϢʱ˳С
߾ǿߣɫһݡ
ӣǹԴɫһϲӱ˱ȭʦ֣
Եӵ˵ͷȻϦ£ҪԪŵԶһۣǺôĿأ
ϦЦЦ׼˵һԵҶסҡҡͷԪŵ˽ԹĿֻǰٻŮӡҲû취ɱŮˣȻǻգȴᡣ
Ϧ΢΢ͷȻ˵Ҷԣһ˳ģĳĽѡ
ԵĿϦҶһۣȻԪߵһԣǰһһŮҲеɵΪԷȻ֪Ԫţȴǻ˿ԣǲɵŵĵƣԣǰŮ˲ɵȻǺˡ
Ȼη壬ȴҲû£Ͼ֮ĹǵĿġ
ССҶһۣһĨ⣬ȴصķǳã˵裬ǵһΣȻɲ֣ǵͬʦضҪڶ


120 
СܵܣǰɱǸŮˣϦ¿Ҷʵ
ҶЩ⣬ʱصĺܺõģû뵽ǱǰŮ˷ˡҲ˵ͷ
Ϧ³Сܵܣ㲻֪߸ٻʲôԹǽ㣬ɱҲڹ컯֮£жԪҲһΪһɱǣֱԷ֪ĻͳԲ˶ˣ
ȶأҶЦ
ҲܣϦµĿɽٻԪţ
ҶЦЦʵǰԪŵӶʱ׼ֽǹԴССǿϧϦ¸ˡȻϦǿͼԣָھھȶһһŮ
ʵȻֻ߾Ʒʩչ粽ڼϼѥ뽣ļӳ֣г䲻⣬Ƿǳаһһ˵ģȻԵϦ²⶯֡ҲνȽ֮Ĺеǻᡣ
ҡҡͷȥЩҶ˫ۣȴ˴֮ĹǰЩ˵ĶԻе֪֮ĹҪľǵȴ
Ϧ¿һ빬Դǽ̸ССȻֿһҶü۵ʹڳ˼ʲô
ΡȻʦ֣Ҷʹſڣһڵǰʦ֡
ΡȻ˵ͷһɱ֮󣬾Ҳûڽڳ֣û뵽Ȼ
һɱѾ쾳𣿡ǰʻ֮Щɡ
ΡȻĿ⸴ӵĿҶһۣ¿ۼأطʦ˵Ҷսʱûгȫطʦֻ˵ҶȥŰʵǰʮ϶ûġȻڹƾǵһˡ
ҶЩԭŵӵȻǲİǱϳŮĴڰ
ŰһҲ˵ҽŵһˣ
˵ˣŵӣҲ಻Ķ֣ΡȻ
ΡȻʦ֣Ҫȥк𣿡ʵ
ΡȻԥ£ȻҡҡͷǰӦþͼǣȻûǴк䲻ǲǽǲ㣬ԣǾ;ɡ

ʱţԽԽ࣬ʹſڵƬ㳡Ѿվɽ˺֮࣬гԪţٻ֮⣬Ŵص۹ĻʼѧԺص۹ĸӵܡ
ͻȻԭĿҶ˫ۣȻסʲôϦµ֣תͳһȥ
ϦȻҶΪʲôͻȻûзҶֳұߵһȥ
ҶϦ¸뿪ãһ״󺺱ǳԭҶϦվλòԶ״Ŀ⳯ɨһۣûҶϦʱһĨɻ󡣶ʱһҲ״ԡ
״󺺿һۣһȻһʧԭء
Ҳɨһۣǰܵ˵Ϣǲ֪ΪʲôǵϢʧ
ΣҲһʧԭء
һǽӰҶϦ˽ţϣһɫǡ
ԼһӣҶϵСצһӣϹʧҶ˵СԴҶһ
ѾˣϦ³ʵ
Ҷ˵ͷǰСһң˵Ҳæ뿪СһϹܹʶȻ鷳ʹˣ˵꣬ҶСһСԴֵллˣ
գգۣȻСצҶգƺ˵л
ͨԵϦһĨϲ֮⣬ʵСܵܣʵ߽㣬ǲ
ҶЦЦСһǲ
Ϧ£˰СԴ
Ϧһ֣鲻Խ˫˹ȥȴǲԸⱻһ˸ǳҶļϡ
Сܵܣұһ£ȻҸ㱧һ£ô
Ҷ
ٴλص˻ʹ㳡СһЩ˶Ⱥ棬Ҳ»һ·ڼԷʶʱǰȫˡ
Լһʱһ˴ԶӶˣԭֵĻʹſڶʱΪ˵ıһû˫߾ı־
Ŀ⻺ɨˣĿԪżͣһ£Ԫżæһ΢΢ͷȻλԪŵĳϣ壬Ҳǽ긺֮Ĺˡ֮Ĺÿһ꿪һΣκ˶Խ룬бʤλܹõʲôǸλԼĻԵǣ˭Ѱ˼ƷʯӡؽȻǻӦıꡣ
˽ǵͷǣȻǷĻΪ֪ˡ
ƷʯӡҶתͷϦ£ʯҵ֪⼫Ʒʯӡʲô
Ҷ֪ϦҲǼֲˣ½͵ƷʯͨʯͷҪһ߾ǿˣͨʯĻҪһţһҪһʱȫաüƷʯĻֻҪһž͹ˣͼӡ
ǺöԣҶЩĶˡʯļǿ氡뵽ʲôʵȻмƷʯص۹ΪʲôԼȥ˵ֳǿ߽ȥ߾ǿߣ
ΪĹֻ߾߾µ߽ȥΪʲôӦǼ֮䶩µԼֻĹʲô飬ҲǺˣ㲻ͨϦЩû
Ҷ׼˵ʱ߾ǿͳһŷǻʹſϷ˹ȥ
շɵбǱѿһըǻʹǽ֮ϵķƹâʱͬʱһ󻶺ȻŻʹų˹ȥ


121 鷳
Ĺǻʹ֮Уǻʹصף˽ʹſںǰǺĻʹһƬƽأƺ֪ⷬ龰û˿ͣ뾪ȣٶȲĳǲԶһڶȥ
ҶȣϦ½͵Ҵڴ˵йһսλ߾ǿսжֲƬʹ˵ս£ΪһƬ档
ԣҶɫݣǻ߾ʵҲл߾ʵǰٻкξ壿
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Ҫֻ£һǽһܹڶŬʵɱư񣬻Ҫľ֮Ĺ֮жһôǶŪһЩƷʯ
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ǰǰٻ
ԶһװŮӿҶϦµıӰԵСС
ʦ㣬˵ҰٻСС
װŮӿССһۣССʵʶΪϽ˼ϣպɾͱضУҰٻȻµ˫ޣҲҪעҲҪǹԴⲻ֪Ҳ㣿
ССһæССסˣ
װŮӵ˵ͷȻڴôǼȻҰٻǾͱضҪ丶ۣǴص۹Ļ빫Ҳһ
ԣһԵССһϲΪǰλʦˣλʦǶԷضù
ڹװŮСС߾ںڲԶԶԵĹԴԺССԶһ㣬Ů˵Ĺ˫֮Ȼ֪ضʲôӦ֮ûǱȥӴٻô򵥡Уպõ͵һ㣬ԪȻκɣȴҲûҪţĴУ
Դɫһݣ֪ǰλʦΪΪһŮ˵һ߾ǿ߶Щˣæһ񣬵Դʦ֮ԣ
Ե˵ͷͻȻתͷ˻ʹſڴˣȻˣΪβĪҪ͵Ϯ²ɣ
һЦһ͸ߴͻȻ˻ʹſڣʹԼʮ꣬һϮཻĳۣ䱳һڳбϡ
ж˵ԵǰЦû뵽Ǳַˣһ겻ʵǽడһдд裿
ЦЦû뵽˶ǰŶˣ֪ǹڵĹѾ֮Ĺ㽣ɥĻٶȿ㣬Ȼֻʣʬˣ
ԣɫһ䣬Ȼ֣ҽڵ£Ԫβְɣ
˵أЦЦȻĹڡ
ãһȻҲĹڡ

֮ĹҶǰĳˣǰͨЩͨһֱ쵽ߵľͷ֪ͨδ
ĹңʮңֻһĹʮǵʮƽǾͱˣܹҵʮ֮еһңǾ㹻ˣҲѣϦ±߱߶Ҷ֮ĹΪʳĹһϻʼҶУĹǱȽϤġ
ΪʲôǱˣҶʵҪ֮ˣеƷضף˵룬ΪѾѹһգǣ
ϦҡҡͷʮҾҴص۹Ҳûҵ̸ѹΣ֪ҶҪʲôΪĹǵ깫ò죬ͨʮжʦ뾳ϳ깫òʦ֣ǻ߾ҲҲʮңǻٵ֮Ĺ
Ϧôһ˵Ҷˡص۹֮Կ֮ĹΪԼµĵӣΪϣɢܹҵʮң˺࣬û׼ʦأص۹Ǳ뷨ҾûҵҲûϵҲ
ˣϦµһʼص۹˵ȷϣɢܹҵʮңżȥص۹Ҳǳ׷뷨ǿ߶˻ȥԣҪҵһңǾͲõıص۹˶ˣ
ԣҶЦص۹ûϣܹҵ
ʱҶϵͻȻһ˸˵ǰȻСצԼָָ
ҵ
ҶϦ㵵
ҡҡСԴȻСצϻ
ιҶ˵ʲôڽ㣿
æ˵СԴ
Ҷüͷڵ棬ȥĹذĶǸö
룬ҶʵǶǺõģǻģ
գգۣ֪ҡͷǵͷȻѵˡ
һԵϦ°ҶһۣСܵܣǶ涼ûôȷǶǺõĻǻģⲻΪ𣿡
ԣҶڨЦЦȻСһȥǶ𣿡
һᣬȻ˵СԴ
ҶЩԥʵе㲻ģʱһԵϦµȥɣһ㶼ΣյĶų뿹ܣȻҪȥǾʹڽĶӦöûʲôǣ
ԣҶԥµ˵ͷͻȻҶͫһתͷʮ⣬Ů俴һŮСС


122 õ
װŮӿϦһۣȻҶҰٻ
ҶЦһ裿ѵ˵ĲοŮֻϴ̸飬ССԪŵӲοŮĹϵȻ˾Ͳ˵𣿡
ССɫ࣬׼֣һԵĹװŮֹȻҶ꣬ʦгҰٻгأ
⻰ʵĴ⣬Ҷ˵ٻгʹˣΪҶǰĿľͲССٻٻҶĳĵմӣҲҵնɱΪ¹
ֻ֮ССгҲֻǽѵһ£ʹɱ֣ȻǰҶܹùװŮӣ
һԵϦü΢׼˵ʲôҶȴѾڣҪ𣿲ССг𣬻ٻг㲻Ҫ׼ԣ벻Ҫϻֱӳֺ𣿡
˵䣬ҶȫӿѾ׼ٻֻڤ׵ɷԷ֣ʩչȫɱڴˡٻĸܿ࣬յϢ
װŮɫһϦ£̣ĻʹشˣϦ£ס߾ŮӣҪɱһ˵꣬һһԵϦ¡
ϦҲϻһ֣ӭȥ
Ȼ֪ҶΪʲô԰ٻѡֻ֧֣ΪͬһϣҪҶĸ
ССҶһĨһὫͷиն㡭
Ҫʹ󣬾ƨ࣡ҶССĻȻСС
ѿ֮ССһһͬһҶӭȥ
ССֻɾʱҶ˫һУȫӿ뼲ѥ֮ڣȻҽ͵̤أ뼲ѥļӳ֣һӰ˲ССǰһɴ
ҶٶȶȻʱССɫɫ䣬֪еˣӦгһӣʮûĽҶͬʱҽ棬׼Ҷ롣
粽
ҶʮĬһ粽ȻٶٴζȻӿ죬˲׼ȵССǰȻνССǰֱֱ˹ȥ
ǰٶٴͻȻӿ죬СС¶뾪֮ɫȻһ׼ʩչָ壬Ȼնһ̣ͻȻоؿһʹΪʲôʹǰеĽеĽ֮аûν
ܿ죬ССʶģʶһ̣˫ۿԼǰǸһһСС૵ã졭δ˵꣬˱ֱֱȥ
ССҶתͷϦ¼սĹװŮӣû˿ԥʩչ粽ǹװŮӡ
ȻѾɱһʣһҲһɱˣ
Ϧ½ֵĹװŮͻȻоһϢɫһ䣬һԱһɵľ룬뿪һ̣һǡƿնڱװŮӶ㿪ͨǽһۡ
װŮתҶʱͫһȻ͵תͷԶڲԶССʬ
ɱװŮתͷҶһԹװŮӿ˳뵽ʲôֿҶеĽǽڵӣǺõȻɱҰٻĵӣ˵ţ׼ֱӶ֡
ʱһԵϦȴҶԣȻ˹װŮӣʹùװŮһ٣û֡
ʵϦ´ʱҲ𾪵ģҲû뵽ҶɱССû뵽ȻôɱˣֻǷ˾
ҶûлشװŮӣ׼ٻֻڤǳ׽ǰ⹬װŮӣͻȻҶƤһתͷԶֻͨԪˣнڵ
ЩˣҶװŮӵ뷨ԪŵǹװŮӣٻֻҲһ¶ԷѪɷ飬ֻѪɷʫɵѣ򲻵ѵʱǲ׶õģ
ССʬʱԪ뽣ڼ˽һ㶣عҶϦ¡
ˣ㽣ǺõȻɱҰٻӣ㽣ҰٻΪˣãǺõĺܣװŮӿŶˣ
һ㶣иɻ֮ɫԵΡȻѹסе𾪣æʦ֣Ҷҽڵŵӣǡ
ΡȻĻδ˵꣬һЦͻȻڳ漴һ۵ͻȻ˳У۵ӿһ۵ССʬ壬һḬ̃ȴֻһ
֣ˣ˫΢УһĨɱ⣬һĨɵ
йֵĿЩĴССʬƿ˹װŮӣԺ£⽣Ѿɱŵӣ㻹ϻʲôһڳнڵӣΣ
ԺµĹװŮһУЩ⶯
״һԵĶɫһ䣬߾ǿ֣ǸܶԿģæʦ㣬ҽڶ԰ٻ޶⣬бضʲôᣬ֮ұضһΣ
ԡԺº㽫㽣ŵӽҴãԣʵҲڵ˺ȽϹڵ·ҲǼΪϲڲһĽҲʱڵ֡
һȻһԵҶϦ£ϦʱƤһʵǣ
ϦЦЦҲǽڵӣԣ㲻عң
ĿϦһۣȻҶΪɱСС˾ٻõҽٻ㲻֪𣿡
ʲô£ҶһЦ
ɫһ


123 ֣
֪ڶ˵ŭ
ʦܣ̫Ķʦ֣ҲǵĴˡһԵΡȻæ͵֪ҶԸģҶ붭˷ͻ
ҶЦЦǰλʦ˵ҪٻһҲ֪ʦҪôٻҪҸСС𣿡
ΪʲôҪɱٻĵӣһ顣
ȶֵġҶҲ뿴⽣ڵŵҪô¡
üͷһ壬תͷԺ£ȴǲֻһԵĹ֡״һȻתͷҶôֻɱٻӾǲԣҲɱ㣬ҪϵΪ飿ҲԼŵĵ֣ǸԺǹ֣ΪǼ˽¶ɥڴ˴
˵ĻΡȻɫһ䣬ҶܹūڶʮһˣǱǰʦܹģ׼˵Ҷȴȿڣʵ˼ֻɱңҲɱǣ
ߣʱһԵԺһˣû뵽㽣ڵһŵҲܲˣǸ߿㣡
һԵҲЦ֣ʵ̫ʴˣһССŵҲ붥ײ㣬ʦҲ̫һ㣡
Ժ£ⶭ޷һȻҲֽڳĽڵӣΣһֱڿϷĹͻȻڵ
˼ɫѿ֮ºҶʲôԭɱٻӾǲǣΪ˱ٻҽڽҪϵΪ㽻ٻáһȥͣ˵žҪ֡
ҶͻȻЦЦһᣬԭǽڵŵӣԭڵŵӾ㲻ѹֽڻΪסǿЦϵΪҽٻãˣϼ
˵꣬Ҷȶ˵νһն磡
ҶĻʱһ㶣ȻǱŭ׼ʱû뵽ǰ˾߾Ȼȶˡû뵽ǶԷĳٶȾȻ˵Ŀ죬ڲڿ쵽û֮
룬һһƮ㿪ҶǿһȻŸʱһ˫ûаѪɫ˫ͻȻ󣬳ĺ̽˹ȥ
ԭҶνһնʱһԵĹ־æųˡ
ǹ֣ʦСģһĻΡȻļڵӴʧɫ
Ҳɫ䣬ҽ͵̤أ˲ڿն𣬶˫ͻȻİ֣ڶ˵ļ򴦣һѪȴǺ׵˳
Ҷһ֮󣬾û׷ȻҲɱǰⶭˣȴڵ֣ΪģֻΪʫ
һûְ֣ϧҲ֣ȻѾû˻ᣬΪѾΧ˶ԡ
ϵѪȻҶСֵܺÿĽⶭҪ㽻ȥȻˣ֣ԵλŮ֣⽣ڼȫɱڴˣ㿴Σ
Ҷ㾹ȻڣǺõ˿Ҷŭû뵽ǰ⽣ŵӾȻҶ֣ҾΪһõ͵Ϯ֣־ŭ
ڣҶʧЦˣҶԭͲǽڵӣ֮˵Ϊʲôǽڵӣȥִ̫Ͼ֪ˡУԴŮ֮ĶԹ£Ҳؽڵ£ٸҹúӶ£
㲻ǽڵĵӣ˾ʵΡȻҲɻ
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ҶûлشԺ£תϦµ߰ɣû취ɱԺ£ڴֻ˷ʱ䡣ֻҪԷĹлᡣ
Ϧ¹ɵĵ˵ͷȻҶ
ҶȥԺкâ붯֣ȴѹǸŮڣûаȡҶ
һԵĹԥ£ҲûжȻҶ̬ȺܲˬҲûȡҶΪҶԻһ߾ŮӡҪ֣ŮǶ֣ɾΣˡ
ˣֺٺЦ˼Ȼһ̽ץڵϵССʬ壬ȻһʧԭأʬȻҪҹ־Цˡģһúöģ
֣һԵԺһŭȣȻһŹ׷˹ȥ
ԭ뿴һϷأ̾һû뵽ָ֣ǣ˵꣬ͣԪż˳һͨȥ
ڼ˶ߺǶ˳ʵΡȻҶǲҽڵӣ
ʦ֣ΡȻȻǣԭǽڵŵӣֻǵΪ޷ԱǧϱΪ۵ӣȻһȴָֻˣ˽ūĵڶʮ㣬Ľļ¼
ڶʮ㣿ɫݡ
ΡȻ˵ͷˣһɱѾƷ𡣡
ԣƤһҪԽһʱⰡ
ֻΡȻףΪ˵ҽڵĵӣΡȻɻ
Σҡҡͷˣһںȥ³ϣҶĲҽڵĵӣҲͰˣǣͬų֣ɱٻӣԳƲǽڵӣűضϳ˵֮д˿˿⡣
ΡȻ촽˶ԭ˵Ȿǰٻȶ֣Ǽһŭݣ֪ⶭʦѾҶ±ǽҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ


124 ˣ
л𣿡ҶԽϦʵǰڣϦ¾һֱЩĪ
ϦգգۣȻСܵܣʵĶ˼أǰҶĹǳ⣬˵ɱɱһҲˮϲ˺
İôۣҶĻŮ˵Ĺ
ϦЦЦڼ⣬СܵܣǰǼ˶̬㲻ǽڵӣҲӦ뽣ЩԨԴǣΪζǽڵӳֲأȻֻǺѣ
ҶĬһ£ԭǽڵӡ
ԭǾ˵ڲˣΪʲôϦɻ
Ϊұ˽ڣ˵Ҳԣ׼ȷ˵Ҳڳϣ𣿡Ҷ
ôܣϦ˫󣬲˼˽⣬ǿʵڰ£ôὫȥ
бҪƭ𣿡Ҷ
Ϧҡҡͷ㲻ǲ㣬ֻǲף
Ϊҵ˰ٻڰٻѹԾҽٻãղǰ㣬˰ɣҶڽڣûһ룬Ҳǧʫ⡣
ѹǰǰԴٻˣѹǽڵĶ˳ֺ飡ϦµǰҶΪһ־ɱˣԭ뽣ڻаٻжԹͬʱҲҶΪʲôԥ;ܾ롣
Уҵĺò˵ĸҹƵģҶЩ
Ϧͣ˽ŲСܵܣʵ˵㽨ǸǲΪ˶Ըٻ
ǣҶҲ
ԣϦһϸһĨɬСܵܣ֪ٻжֲǿл߾ǿߴڵĳ߾߾ǿ߸Ƕ಻ʤýȥһʵǿ㰡
ˣҶʵ
ѵ𣿡Ϧ·˷ۣСܵܣ㲻֪ٻ֮䵽ʲôԹǽ˵˵˽⣬ҲԸ˰ٻ
ֶǿ֪٣Ϊͷȥĸ𣿡Ҷʵ
Ȼᣬֻǡ
ҶϦµĻûʲôֻǣ£ǲȥǾһᶼûˣǾһᡣүүȥս£ܹһͳ򣬽Ǵص۹𣿡
һΪʲôҪԸٻ𣿡Ϧ³ʵ
Ҷ׼˵ͻȻԭڴ·ͻȻͣ۾ܿ˿˵棬Ȼһ䵽˵棬Сצָŵ棬۾Ҷƺ˵档
Ҷҽŵ˵ɵ棬ӲаüʵСһȷǸڽĶ棿
˵СԴ
ʲôҲûаҶ
գգۣȻСצֶŵȻ˼¡
Ҷ˵ͷνŵһնĽҶ㵣ΪĽȻûһۼȻֻ˲ɵǾҲܹһ۵ģѵǰҪӲ
Ҷ׼ٴһʱͻȻǵȻʼŤҶϦ´󾪣׼ˣȻˣһתϦҶʶģ˹ȥ

֪˶ãҶ˫ۣæһãϦ¶ڡ
ҶʱߴǰĳʱϦ´һ֮УҺܺǽڵװŸ췢ıʯȻҶͫһΪ֣ҵǽϾ˲ķƣ
ܿ죬ҶĿǽƵҵ룬ҵ봦һײڹײĵܣͬķơ
Ӧ֮һϦ¿Ĺײģԭұһַţѹص۹޷Ѱ˭뵽ҾȻͨصף
ʱͻȻСצָָǸײġ
Ҷ˹ʵ˵ǽĶǹײ棿
˵СԴ
ҶϦһۣ˽ɫײжںСһҲ˵ײĶǻģ
ʱָָײģȻȻ˼Сצ
˵ǰ򿪹ײģҶʵ
˵СԴ
Ҷײȥʱŷ֣ײĵĹ׸ӺϴһķţȻЩѹǹײ֮ġΪʲô˵ΪҶ޷ȷԷ˻ʲʲô
Ҷһ⣬򿪻ǲ򿪣򿪣ļһһ⣬ɾˡǲ򿪣ЩģϾѾ
򿪰ɣʱϦ³ʲôȻǴӦа취ԸǵģȻûԸңһܹصСһ﹵ͨӦҲ֪޶ΣյﶼǺųģֻСһȻų⣬Ǿʹ֮ûǣ
Сһû𣿡Ҷ
գգۣûеͷҲûҡͷȻѵˡ
СһģҶȻʧЦڹ˼ԥ˹ײġʹ֮ǲ⣬ֻҪײ֮е˲ǻ߾ǿߣа취ӦԣϾϻʦļǿǿֲܹв߾ǿߵѪɷ顣
Ҷ˹ײǰǲƵĹײģһԥνŹ׸һ족һ׸˲䱻ҶɣͬʱҶγһˣ䱸š
ڳأ
Ϣһǹײ֮д˳


125 ̳
һЩ¶Ůǹײ֮лƮڼŮʱҶһͣѪҺ̲סӿ
ŮӶʮ꣬㷢ޣüԶɽپµĲ˼ŮӸӵУһϮķɫɴŮϸ壬ɴڿһǵģɴûκ洺ڰڣ
رһ˫Ⱥ껹ĵ˫Ŀ·ħһ㣬ɢŹƻĵħ˿һ۾ͲԸƿ۾
Ůͣգ̰һڿһССĶһԵҶ׻ΪŮǰǱ¶һԷֻһµҶεֵֿס
һԵϦҲǱǰŮ˸޵ˣû뵽ؼȻˣԼòҲޣǰŮ˱òĶһȻЩģʵˡ
֮УŮͻȻҶգգۣ˫֮У͸˿˿欣ǣ˶ꡣ
ǸﰡҶһӿʩչҶԴ˲˹ٴοŮʱȻлЩ٣ȴѾûǰ־̬ˡ
ҶŮһĨ죬촽⣬û뵽һ˾߾Ȼ˽⣬Ȥ壬崺硣
ǰǵ̳ʺ槼ʱϦʵ
Ҷһ槼˵ģǵһŮΪ֮Ļˮ˵̳֮ҲŮ˵ĹϵǰŮ槼ΪʲôܹСһ﹵ͨǾͺˣΪҲֻ֮Ҷ׵ǣ˵겻Ǳص۹ɱ
̳ʺ󣿡ŮһĨããչһЦûлشϦ£ǿҶϵСһ壿ԣѪѹҶеɵǡͻȻŮ˫ۣ뵽ʲôиŨŨɵ֮ɫ
գգۣ֮УһɫĹâھŮӡ
ҶֱСԴЩĵСһʶҲǾˣһֱ֪㲻ҵ𣿡
æҡҡСԴСצҶգȻ
ЩżҶЦһˣҸ㿪ЦģԺʱˣڸң𣿡
˵СԴ
һԵŮʱڣСһСȻʮ˽⣬ȴҲϾ޲ž϶ûʲôǰ;ģΣ
ԣҶߣŮ˾Ȼǽǣ˱֪ˣղͲӦ÷
мĿŮһۣȻҶļϣСצҶĶ䣬Ůˡ
Ҷһ֣СһȻǸõģ
ŮЦЦҲ̬ȣҶСӣȻԸ㣬컯סպǧף
ǰǾȴ·ɡҶؽǰŮ˵ʩչ˽⣬ѾԵҲűˡн⣬ǰŮ⸱ģҲѪš
ŮӿһЦҶ⣬ʲôң㲻࿴ۣȻ˵ŮӻһУһϣס˵Ĵ⡣
һԵϦ¿ҶһۣдźεıӣǰҶĳ̬ǿ
ҶϦµĿ⣬ŮӵǰѾ򿪹׸ǣȳǰû£ǰȥ
о֮𣿡ŮЦЦĿҶ
ԷƣҶһ죬֮Ͷѣ֮͡
ŮӵԭһҪһʱܳģû뵽ǾȻȻҪСһڽ֮ĹһҾ͸ܵϢҲʩչβϵԭҲûĻȴˣһײģǰ˾ٶд
Ҷһϲ֪ǰŮ˻һˣ֪֪ͼһԵϦһʧβ槼
ĸףŮӵ
̳
ҶϦһǰ˾Ȼ̳Ĺֻ˲׵ǣ̳ĹȴΪײ֮ڣ
Ǵص۹£ŮӺȻʵ
Ϧһݣ̳˵عŮ̳Ǻ޼˴صġ֪ԼݣŮ˶벻ŹԼȻǰ˵ʵʵԽ߾ǿ϶ġ
Ѿһͳֻдص۹Ҷ
һͳ𣿡ŮʵԪأſɻڣ˵ԪţŮ֮дһ˿⡣
ڣԪ֮ףҶص
ŮӳĬˣ֪ʲôҶ֪һʲô£ΪŮɫ˺⡣
ʱҶĶ䣬ȻһûҶڣк˯
СһûҶڣһԵŮͻȻ۾Ĵģ֮ɫϦ·ǳ⡣ȻҲܺڤ㵽ȥˣҶ˵ҲüʣֻΪ޵ʲôֻͨڿŮɫⲻô򵥡
Ů𾪵ģҶ⣬ĵСһҪ˯ôҲȻᰡ
ȥˣŮʵ
ҶգգۣͨҲǺ´Ұ
ƨŮӱһֿڣһֱӳҶǰȻַҶؿڣֱӿʼ鿴Ҷ塣
Ҷɫһ䣬û˿ԥνǰŮӾһնûұҶ˽Լȫ
һٶȿ磬۸ɼ
ȻһȴǱ覵ָסˣ


126 ÿɰβ
ԼĽȻԷָסҶͫһǰŮ˵ʵÿֲ֪ڵǶ֣׼Ѫɷ飬ʱŮǿʲô۾ȻԲôܣôܡδ˵꣬Ůӱ׼ûҶڡ
ʱһεͻȻҶڱӿŮ˲˳ȥ
Ҷһ㶣һ׼ֵϦҲһ㶡
һϹҶǰһɿֲѹǵصӿŮӡ
ȵȣŮæûж⣡
Ҷŭ˻Ůӳǰʲô˼ǰŮȻ֣ȴûɱȻŮӶӦûʲô⡣
ŮЩɵĿһҶĸȻǰҵĴǸ
ŮӵҶһݣ㷢ˣ
Ůӵ˵ͷ˸˷ܵĹâΪʲôҪˣԭӵص
ǰ׼᣿Ҷ˫һУ
᣿ŮҡҡͷѾΪǰҾΪûеõϿɣԱ
ԣҶһȻ֪СʲôŮӻе֪СпֻϿϿɵˣҪԽ룬ûĻ϶ǲеġ
֪ʲôҶٴʵ
ŮҡҡͷȻҲ֪ʲô룬Ǵ˵֮еҲˡôҲ֪Ǻ
ҶŮڴʲôգϦ̲סʵǵ˵ʲô
ŮЩ⣬ܿ˹ȻǰһһŮȻһģȴ϶ĵ£뵽⣬ЦΪ£Ը㳨ʱ֪˵ʲôˣ
Ϊ£Ϧºɻ
ŮһЦȻΪ£ɽʱͻ֪ˡ
Ů˼Ϲ˵ȥҶڣǰȻѾȳ鷳ǰҵͳȥΣԵĻ뽫ǰɱڵģСе£ʵǲ֪û취ǰŮʵֲ̫ܹԿġ
ŮЦЦһӣǰͻȻһãƬ֮󣬳ֻʣҶŮӣϦ£ȴǲ֪ȥ˺δ
ʲô˼Ҷ˽еĽ
ŮһЦģСû£ֻʣʽףΣ
ʲôףҶüԵĻǰŮˣŮ߾һѪɷҲһܹԿ
Ů΢ƣһĨЦݣиǸһĨĹâСһһڣΣ
Ůӵӵħһ㣬ʹҶ׼ͷͻȻһϹҶϣҶ˲˹뵽ǰԼǷģҶɫ䣬ǰŮڶʩչ½ԥʩչ˳
ףҶû뵽ľһǣҲãεĽѵԺ󶨲дȥδ֪ûаյ¡
⾳ȻǻĿأԼǰûãŮӵһ̾ȻɫһʽףСһһ㣬صС֮ڡΪһȥҸĹңҸϰ빦أΣ
Ҷ붼û룬͵ҾܾǰŮһͲʲôöСУǲң
ΪʲôŮЩ⣬ʵ
ΪǶų㣡ҶСһڽС֮ʱСвûųҪ룬ȴų㡣Ϊʲôų㣬Ҳ֪֪϶ǲ룬˵вŻˣ
ŮһЦǰһԷЦһһģҶƤһˮ
ЦһᣬŮӵСһ֮Բų⣬ΪޣǵӰСϿɣҲұų⣬Ҷͼı죬һʼ̫żռ֮ģ飬ܵˣųҡ֪ѾΪȻڴ⡣
㵹̹ףҶ
ŮҲ⣬ЦôԸҾסСУҾʹȥĹԺΣգҿɳ㣬Ȼֻ߾µĶ֣
ԣҶЩĶǸʲôĹô⣬Ů˵һ䣬߾µǶ֣ǰŮ˻򵥵˵Ժڶһ߾Ĵְ
߾Ĵ֣붼˷ܼ
ҶЩǣûӦ¹شʵ޷ȫǰŮˡڤסеڣΪСһֻڤǣǰŮˣȻСһڻѹƣŮҪͼı죬ɾΣˡ
κҶʵΪҪСУ
ŮЩԥҶ䱸ʱһݣ֪ʲôǰضӦ̹׵ΪСܹҵٶȣұʦӡİٶ꣬Ȼûе䣬ȴҲûҲھ߾Ҿͻ䣬Ϊҵֻʣ²꣡
ΪҶüʵ
ΪûطȥŮЦԭڽ󣬻ҳȥģǰҲ˵ʦõѾ˱Ҳ˵ֻܸඣ
ҶŮλЩԥԥҪҪŮ˽СС
֮ڶ㲻ĻȫԷġΪ飬ҸҶв뷨ضٴԶҳ֡ŮЦӯӯ
ҶĬа룺ǰŮܹ߾ʱҾͿְæȳĸףȲҲһԿٻĵƣȻҸ֮ҪԿٻȻĲ֪Ҫ°
뵽⣬Ҷԥͬˣ
ԣŮһϲһһֻžβ͵İɫҶǰ׼ûҶʱҶȴǱסβЦÿɰĺ꣬ÿɰβ͡

ҶǺβʱǰɫ׵ë˲䲼һΣȻһŭȻҶ


127 һǿ
һŭȣҶæɿ˰ɫ꣬ɫŭʱҶпһ£ǰǼǰɫһɰȴɫһǿ߾ǿߵĴڰһһŮģ
ҶڨЦЦ˼²Ϊ
֪βͲܱ𣿡׺ֱҶ֮дһ˿ɭֺ⡣
ΪʲôҶʵҾ;Сһβأ
꿴ҶΣҶ˵ѣعҶһۣȻһ׹ûҶڣͬʱһͻȻҶߣˣǸ㣬ҵĳҺеأص۹ٻѩ֮ҵĳأ֪ҳˣ϶ŹҵģԣΪҵİȫ룬Ժñ߾ǿߣҲñҳ֣Ϊһ֣ͻΪ򹫵У
˵꣬Ҷǰģ
ˡҶʱе뷨
ϢҶ˫ʱֻصǰ֮УϦ£һ˳˳Ŀ
ʩչ˻Ҷ˫ۣϦʵ
Ҷ˵ͷȻɬһЦԭΪһǿİ֣Ļ뵽ֱһ̥һһע⣬ͻΪ򹫵еĻ̥ûлŮӵĻΪ̳ɱӵģԣŮ˵ЩŹɵġ
أϦûŮҶ̸ʲôִ硣
Ҷԥ£ȻСһһ𣡡Щ£ûбҪǰŮҾҲƭǰ⾫ŮˡţŮѾŲµʲôֻȷеĲ֪ˡ
ȻҶûϦǷһĨЦ⣬ȻǸô
ӦȥĹңҶЦЦȻߵǹײĵλôϦ£
Ϧ¸ߵҶԣͻȻһҶϦվλÿʼ½ܿ죬һû˵֮С
֪˶ãҶо˫̤ʵأ˫ۣǰʱƤһ
ǰһǰʮңȻҪǰǻƽɵģǵģǽڣ²ȵĵذ壬ȫǻƽ죡ܿ죬ҶĿҵ룬룬ͬǰǸһ㣬һײģͬǣײĵΧվʮƽɫ׵
Ĺײ𣿡ǸײģҶ
ӦǣһԵϦµʮƽǰʮ߻ƽӦþĻʮֻƽǸײģӦþġ
ʮƽҶ⡣
Ϧµ˵ͷɫأʮƽǴﵽ߾۷ǿߣ˵ôżɵѡҪгȻڻȨ֮ϵţǵøϣʮƽڣ̳Ҳأ
Ҷһ𣿡
ʱǿܵģϦ³ʱڶǿߣ¸ʮƽǾͨƵ깫òʦʤߴʱĴ̳޵۹ҲǼɵѣ
˭һǿߣҶȻʵЩǿߣȤ
ħ𣡡һ׹ԭҶڵŮӳ˳УʱڸʵܹѹҸʵģҲֻųǿµһǿߵħ𣡡
ħǿµһǿߣҶɫݣ¶֮ɫǿµһǿ߰
Ů΢΢ͷϵĵһǿߣ˵⣬ŮӺȻҶϵһĨЦݣĽżʱգĳɾͱضҸħ֮£ΪһǿߣҾͼ޸㣬Σ
ԣҶعΪʲôڼ޸ңҪȵҳΪһǿߣֻͬͬѵˣҶǷǳӵġ
ڼ޸㣬Ȣ𣿡ŮЦЦĿҶ
ҶԸʾҼޣҾ͸ȢȻΪǰŮ˻޸Է˵ӦֻһЦ֮
ŮתתȻЦ˵ģɱڣȻƲأ
Ů飬Ҷʱе㲻ԾֱǰŮ˿϶ʲôСʵ벻ΪʲôԷ˵ڣµӦڰɣ
һԵϦ°ҡͷǰСܵʲôãԴӲԷȻһȦףҪꡣ
ŮЦЦ˵Ǹײģ˹ײĵǰʱŮЦȫޣ˿˿Ǽ¡ãŮһָһһѪ鼤Ϊ׵ĻƽĶͷ
Ѫüģԭ˫۵ĵͻȻ˫ۣȻҶϦ¾㵵Ŀ£ŮӰͬʱʮһ߻ƽܻҲǻ
ǡҶ˹ţǰϦ˵ʮֻƽ߾۷ǿߣʮ߻ƽǻģֲ̫˵㰡
ǿһͬ𾪵Ϧ»ع󣬳ⲻǻģӦǵĻؿ
ŮתЩĿϦһۣüʶû뵽ڼǰѾʧĻؿҲ֪ݲأ
Ϧ²˵ҶʵؿҲ˵ЩܲĻƽֻһ߿ܶѣ
ŮӿϦһۣȻҡҡͷɲһ߼򵥵Ŀܣÿһ߿ܵĲʶŵرɣЩܶʮƽһƻǣˣʦǰսʶӡСȻڲ߾ʵȴҲС򵥵˵ÿһ߶൱һ߾ߣ


128 Ƿ
Ҷһ˫۷Ź⣬Щ˷ܵǲǶģܹշЩƽʿԺԺߣ
ŮӿҶһۣɫҳķϣһҸ棬ӵֻ㱾ʵ߲ĩˡ
Ҷһҡҡͷô᲻֪أֻҪ²ܹĸףѵҪΪǿߣȲ˵ܲܳΪǿߣԺΪǿߣĸ׶Ѿˡ
ӵ˽⣬һճɾͱض˼Щ߰ϣȻʱȷܹУʱһãͻԽԽЩӶ츳ûܻ֮ıмǣŮٴε
ллԣҶ˵ͷΣǰŮӵһƬ⣬ˡ
Ůӵ˵ͷȻתײģֶŹײһ㣬ǹ׸˲䱻ɣͬʱһЩ͸Ӱֱǹײ֮л
ӰһӣԼʮ꣬Ũü˫۽գһϮɫۣȻãͬһ㣬ʮɣҶҲǴϸܵһѹȸУ֪ǰ˿ܾǵڶǿߵ
ǰˣŮһĨӣȻ˫ǰһӡһɷɫâӡɢ
겻ǿߵΧ֮𣿡ǽ˫ۣڿеˣҶ
Ϧ³ӦѾʧؼ䣬ڴڵģû´ĻӦֻһƻǣӦڻƻǡ
֮л𣿡Ҷ૵
лǵģǰʦܹ뿪һܹûʩչֲֶΡϦµȻ㱾ʵﵽһ̶ʱҲܹٿԼǵģֻҪٻ߾ܹ
үүҲʼǻ߾ǿ𣿡ҶЩʵ
ӦǣϦµҲǺҳڣʹδ˵ˣǻʵ۸Ҳû룬ǴسʲôΣǲ׳ġּˣ黹ȨʲôӦöǺܵˣ
˵⣬ϦºȻҶŬǿյĿʲôȨϥֻΪǳϣЦأ
𣿡Ҷһ˿ãܿ죬ͼᶨֻ˵ˣǲ۸ȻǰᣬܹȨϥϣǾòˣ
ܵģվۣ֮ʲôܹʵֵģϦЦ
ϣҶҲЦЦ
ʱڿеͻȻ˫ۣãȻĿ˿ܣĿǰŮϣã㣬
Ůӵ˵ͷ
ŮӵͷϾϸһĨ͵ЦݣͻȻ˫һУŭ㣬Ϊֻʣ²깫أµúչ㣬Ϊֻʣ¶
ϲŭŮӽ͵ŮԪǿ˵ǣұǹڵŮ֮ӡǣʦΣֻܽŮӡĹ֮Уͨʦ޻ơֻŮû뵽һ޸Ǽ꣡
ԪţڣһĨɭ亮âһϣµ͸ʦ֮ԣֶɱЩţºڰµںһ㣬µͲḲ𣬻ĸҲڱԪŵԪնɱ
ʣɸŮӳиŨŨڼ֮ɫ
һҡҡͷ߻ȥǣԭƻҲʧؼǣֻǹ·Ų㣬ԲŶطùʦ±Ѽ㣬ƻҲûдڵˣ
ʣ̳ĸĳأѵô𡭡ŮЩʧ
ͻȻһԵϦ£ع֮ˣ˼
Ϧɫһ䣬¿ɬһЦǵڶǿߣȻֻһƻǣȴһ۾ͿҲҲû˵ͷ
ϦµͷǰŮͫһһĨɱ⡣
ҶһݣʶվϦµǰϦһһů
ĸ°ܸأҲ⣬²ԹǴأԹޣҲ֡
ǰǵ꾪޴½ǿߣⷬؽȣϦϦæ
ڹϦ£ҶͻȻһɫȻ˽⣬ףǽһ۷壡
ʣŮķʱǰŮͻȻ
Ҷһ飬ǰŮǸһѵҪ޸
ɫȴһ䣬ͻȻһεĿֲѹͻȻҶ
ֲܵѹʱҶ˫ȶȻһ䣬ֱӹȥޱӿԿǿֲѹ
ϦҲɫһ䣬һ׼ȣȻȴķ֣ʱȻã
Ů׼˵ʲôƺ뵽ʲôִ±˺촽
ʱҶɫͨ죬ͷǶӴĺ飬ʱоԼϷ·һɽѹʹޱʩչȻɽѹе߲ģҶԽԽ䣬·һ̾Ҫȥһ㡣

ϥҪʱһҶĵӿҶһҰްŭҶ죬أǰƾʲôҪҶ¹򣿾ǼǰڶǿҲУ
ˣ˫ͨҶʩչŽԿǿֲѹ


129 ͨ
ҶȻܹѹһͣȻֻٷ֮һѹҪ֪ٷ֮һѹһЩ߾Ҳǵֿ˵ģǰȴӲĵ
Ȼ¶֮ɫҶܵѹûмԽԽأҶʶʼģ
ߣзâ۲䣻ͨһ򷨡
ͻȻҶ˽䳡Ͼʯ֮Ͻʦµһλʱвǻλܿ죬Ҷıľͨеķһ˿˿롣ͬʱԭҪڵϵϥǾֱ
ףͨһĨ֮ɫɫɫǰֻĻҲֻ΢ѣǽͨĻǼʹҲˡ
ͨ뽣һڽľ磬ֽܹ޵ѹԷܹͨ޽ߵĽ֮ĸӴ⣬ᱻκԻһıʣ
νһ򷨣ָľ⽣ͨΪͨߣ֣
ˣ࣬ǽͨߣûֻһˣǾǵ޵֣ųơʥĽʦңӡ
ڣּһˣԷ˽⣬ⷬʣʹҲɵΪ֮ݡ
һԵ𾪹ɫ¶һĨɬͨǾʹԺһлǰҲûκôǻǰҲʱҳԷȻһ֮
֮˽뽣ͨҶǾβĿǡҶϲСУԥնɱڴˣΪǰβ츳һл츳ͨΪơ
ãҶ˫ۣһε͵ɢУһƲɲĽâһǲʲôҶ˫ֱϣΣ˫ۣɫӿֿϲ֮ɫ
һڣֲԼѾΪ죬ҪڵǸСеĿռҲ࣬ԭֻװʮˣڲװһˣСпռ⣬ҲǱ࣬ԭֻԡͰڣԡͰ˳ף׵ӡ
֮⣬֣ĽɫҲ˱ʣڵĽɫӴˣȻѿʲôҶܹоȻҶû֣ǽɫ֮УЩŵɫ
֮βǿߣڵǸСҲ˸ҶԽԽõһ񣬵лǰɵ֪ǰѹѹڰԭǸ꾫йϵ
΢΢ͷ¶һĨЦ⣬ϲ죬ڶأֻ⣬ǰ˻벻۵ģǶԷѾͨͲһˡŮѾȫʸ
ڶأҶһʵǰҲּأ
Ȼ㽣ǿûи߹㣿Щ⡣
ҶɬһЦѾǽڵӣ⽣־磬ʦɽҲû˵Ҳ֪ɽʦ˵ɽҲ֪룬ɽʦӦǲ֪Ͼɽ޵Ƿһ⽣ӦҲİĺܡ
㲻ǽڵӣˣôܲǽڵأ
ҶҡͷһЦ˭ὫǽڵӰ½Լ뽣ڵ˵˳
ڣҶĻһȻʧЦ֮˵޲ɼ֪֪Ǹø˻ߡ
ˣҶ⡣
һͬ޲žˣЦΪɱԪŵˣӶڣȻû꣬˾һ˽⣬Դ޼һʱһһ
ֻص˽ڣǿߣҶȤ
ҾͲ֪ˣЦЦ
ʱһԵϦµΪؽڣ̫ϳϳ潫ڵĽΪϣȻһοϳͷݣȻûؽڣȴҲػڣ˵ǵʦ֮ǰġ
ȻԽûʲô飬ǶʦȴǸ鼫ΪԭҪģʦġԣʦ֮ǰӦʦҪػڡ
ҲΪڣ˲ŵĽڵڻûб̲Ϊûһ˼һӵнĻ߾ǿߣ
ضЩ֮ºһԵϦ£Ц
Ϧ¿һۣûнӻ
Ҷû뵽ھȻĻ߾ǿߣ˸ȻƣǱڸϳġԺҪǳΪ˾ǿߣǧϻʫҪҲػڣǴӦǲӦأ
ܿ죬ҶҡҡͷڵûʱЩ¶˱ȭǰͽ̣⽣飬ҪŪס
΢΢ͷ־أھֳΪԲÿһأʵͻһأܹʵɣڶأܹɣԴơˣԵ˵ѹҲͬˣڵսĶ֣ó֣ýѹĶԷ𷴿֮ģ
ǿҶЩ𾪣֪ܹѹ֣û뵽ﵽһ̶ʱȻֱöɥʧսֻǽڶؾ˿ֲǵھأֲֻʲô̶ȣ
ڴ
ѹסеļҶʵǰھ֮أ
֮󡭡૵ӦþǽأԽΪԳ򡭡
ǰ˵ĺᣬҶû
ҡҡͷ㲻ҪøԶںúôøڽ֮ϣպԻ֪
ȻǺܺ棬Ҷǵ˵ͷڼ⡣


130 ͻ
ҶһۣȻֿǰһۣĿ䵽ҶϣСӣȻֻ쾳ǱȴǾ޴ģŮ䣬ϣպúƴ
ǰҶ˵ʲôһԵ͵һۣõҪ͵Ļ˻ȥеǰŮǰ˵Ҫ޸ˡ뵽⣬Ҷһû뵽Ů˴Һôģ
ҶһۣѾ޽֮вʺ㣬ҹһ֮һȭǺʺ㣡˵ţָһɵҶǰ
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ҶһȻҡҡͷؽȻ󣬵ΣΪŵؽͳֶԸҲĵ
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ʵҶʱҲЩʹȴûкڣȻһ˽ˣã˾ӦüһЩʲô仰˵Ӧκ϶иߣ
ҡҡͷҶȥЩ߰ɣεǸһ棬ԺСһˣ
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ҶЦЦ˵ЩѾûκ壬Ǿͺڡ
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ʱһ׹ҶǰͬʱҶǱҲץסƻһߣ
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ҶǷһĨЦһӣһƾҶ֮Ҫ֮Э飬ҷˣǰǰŮ˻еøеĻŮӼʱøоͳɢˡ
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ҶҡҡͷȻ̹׵ôֻǲκεĽ˶ѡ
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ʱһöȭͷѪɫͻȻҶϣöӳʱһŨ̱ǵѪζ˲ҵĿСͬʱ׼ֵһһĨɵ֮ɫ
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132 Сˣ
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134 Ա
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ӻᱣܵģ𣿡ԿԺ£Ц
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ǵȻЦ
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135 ֣
ҪվĽǣԪطͬʱһУܹ򿪣ʱֻˣֻǿƿˡȻԭĻ֮ҲǺǿƿģ־ղŶԱನѾ֧飬ֻҪ˺һӦòʲô£Ի
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ǹֺȥһ˲ɿֲϢͻȻ߳ϮԺͫһãǿջѾڹ֮ϵȻԼȥȻǲһǴҾһͬھɣ
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ֵɳȥһ˲䣬ͬһ֧ҵļһ㣬˵ķȥ
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˫ۣ벻˼飬Ȼһ仰δ˵꣬һؿڴ͸
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죬ૣȻδ˵꣬ͷǷ˳ȥ
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ͣ͡
˳ڼͬһ˲䣬໥Ĵ̽˶ԷؿڣţηֱŸԺ汩ˡ
˺һ˲䣬һԵϦʱҲϵˣ޴һӰ˹ȥ
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Ի˵Ϧüͷһ壬ϣа֣
Ҷû˿ɣһӣС֮С
ͻȻһֻޣԴʧɫ벻˼飬ʧ૵ޣôܡ
໣
СͷһХȻһԾ˹ȥ
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ϦҲʾͬһĶߣԲ˹ȥ
ҶֻϾɱһĨǱҵģһɣ԰գӿǰǰ㣬ԽԽ
״ҶϦƤһҶһ㱣糱ˮһӿҪԱԡ
ԱԣͻȻоһεѹεѹǰȻĻ뵽ʲô̧ͷҶʧ
δ˵꣬һһǰضţСǾ޴צֱӶȥ
죡
һ죬һԳΪһࡣ
Сջпռ䣬ҶĺһֹԱȻξǲҲŪˣ߾Ա˵Сްһ£Ҳˡ
û°ɣ
ʱϦߵҶǰ˿Ҷǰʵ
оԷ֮еĹģҶһůû£һƷƷ˿Ѿϡ˵ȡһƷƷݸϦ£ҲһŰɣҿǰҲĽ˵
Ϧ¿˿еƷȻֹŹֵĿҶһۣҷĺøַһƷģҺܻǲǷʦ᳤˽ӡǷʦ᳤˽Ҳô˵㵽˭
ҶӣЦһʦһЩɣ
Ƿʦ
ϦŴ۾㵵ĿҶ
ȻΪôҶֵ̯̯


136 ֣
𾪹ϦϸĴҶƬ̣û뵽һԭǷʦΪʲô˵һǮ취ˡ
ҶЦЦ˵ЩˣǴɨսȻ߰ɣ
Ϧµ˵ͷȻ󽫳ʬϵɽ䶼ȡ׼֮ʱͻȻҶ𣺡ߣ߾ǿ߸
ԣҶɫһ䣬Ϧµ־ȥ
ôˣϦ±ܱʵ
߾ǿߴ߸Ҷ߾ǿ߸ܹģܶԷΪʲôߣҶȥԷӴ
ҶĻϦüȻ
뿪һӣһ۵ӳǰ˴ս֮Умʬʱɫһ䣬Ŀɨһ£Եʬʱͫһɫ˲
˭˭ɱҵܵܡһԹ֮
Ƭ̣һʧ֮С

Ĺڣǳ̫ҶһȻԵϦ£ɫصǰǸ𣿡
Ϧµ˵ͷӦĹǸ߾ǿߣǿߣȻ»鷳
Ҷ˵ͷ˲ͣ첽߳˻ʹſڣȻųڴȥ
ҶϦȥãӳ˻ʹſڣͬʱһٻװҲ˻ʹſڴŻӣʵ壬Ұٻӻ飬֪Ǻµ֣
Ļ˫ͨ죬׼˵ʱһ˻ʹϷȻʵ壬ҽеӻƾѣ˭ǳ֣
ԣٻ˵һۣȻü
ݣ
ͻȻһƷһͻȻ˳УĿΪʲô˵ĿأΪٶֻһ㣬ǵģһֻ䣬һֻ۾һֻӣ촽ûС
ԹĿһ˫̤һۣȻſ壬ʵҹڹҲɥ棬壬ֻɱ˵ɣ
˵Ļٻ뽣ڵҲ塣
ԭƽɫٴȻҪ˭ҪȥҵܻܵԪŵļȫɥУȥ˭Ҫ
ĻٻüͷĸˣԭΪγֵĺܿ壬ڿٻӳֵӦˡ
ô˵ڣԪţڣٻĸвμĹĵȫ棿ڵ˳
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壬ѵҲ֪ں֣֮ٻʵ
һȻǰãͻȻһһʼҲû⣬ϾΪᱦսǳе¡Ǻܿ죬ִһҸоЩԾˣΪܹӵص״ƻԲȥļܹﵽģҾȥһҸϵԴʱֻм߱ʬ壬һ⡭
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ĬΣٻʵûзֿɵˣ
ɵˣüͷܿ죬˫󣬵ҼˣĹ֮ʱһ߾ǿһ˵ʱɨڳˣȻȥʱҲû⣬ֻΪԷˣڿ˺ܾ֣ܿ
֪Է𣿡˳ʵ
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ʱ˵αȥ£ȥʲˣҸоǻڵ棡䣬οʼʧģֱɢ
ʣµһۣȻҲʧԭء

İæ£ҶϦ˰ȫĶʨȺĶĿһ·񱼣ʱ˶ϻɽ
һž޴ϣҶһȻǰСԴЦСһζлˣ㣬Ҫ㿪߾ǿߣܣǵģûСһϢǳ˶ڣ϶Ҳᱻ߾ǿ޷ֵġ
գգۣȻҶǰСԴ˲Ҷͷ
Ľϵ˺ãʱһԵϦЦ
ҶЦЦȻǿδٵٺöϣĸ߾ǿ߸쾳ʲôȻξæĲֵˡ
Ϧµ˵ͷȻʮöɽȡ˳Ƚ߸쾳ɽŵһԣȻȡһö߾ɽ䣬ָһһ˲öָܿ죬˾һ΢
Ϧ棬ɨһеƷܿ죬΢΢ģǻԽԽЦݡ
Ϧµɫ仯Ҷ֪öָ֮еı϶ǳ


137 ж㣡
öɽʯǧöƷƷ߼ƷƽƷžϰƽƷݣˣƷзʮšϦ¿ҶЦöָӦԪԵģΪԪŵġ
쿴ɽĶҶæ
Ϧµ˵ͷȻ鿴ɽĶ
ܿ죬нָ̽ϡҶ֪εջʱʹڵĲЩ˷
εջƷһƷʮһƷʮ߼ƷһƷƽƷʮƷзһţƷķʮţƷĶʮš
Щʵ⣬ʯһţȻԶԶֹЩЩ⣬Ķ˶ۡ
˷һᣬҶƽȻʵЩӦû齨һɣ
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ΪʲôϦʵ
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ҶƬ̣عЦЦԺˡȻռ˵ܾãΪʲôãҲ˵ֻǸо
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̸ܲܲ⣿ҶЩ
ȻԣϦЦЦֻǽܺ棬ʲôŮܹСܵأˣ⸱飬˵ˡع飬˵Ҫμưǽڵ۶㣬ܽưǾĸ׵¾ͼ򵥶ˣ
ұֵԽɫĸ׻ȵϣԽ󣿡Ҷʵ
Ϧµ˵ͷЦȻҪ֪ҿǸ˽ܹưǰʮǾǻҲû취ޡʱҿɾŮƾ󣬻Ҳᴦңңû취ʵһǱмֵʱԭһд£Ϊ¡
Ҷ˵Ŀ겻Ƕʮǵһ뻹û˵ϾĿƺ̫ˡ


138 ⾪ϲ
ϦˣҶһѱˡ
ϦȥķΣҶջĿ⣬еһöС¡ֵСƣϦ¸ģҪȥ۶󣬵һҡ¥ľ¥ȻƾöƣǾ¥˾ͻȥ
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Сһ㽫⽣ϻóʲôҶʵ
СצһӣϻڷɳһҶһ㶣Ȼ۾ˣô׵ˣǲţȡϸţȻôǱƷ
ܿ죬Ҷϻеȡ˳Ȼ㵵ķ֣ԭʮƽѾжʮ߱Ʒ
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գգۣȻСצָָҶĶӡ
ҶЦ֪СеĹͣʣСΪʲôǽ
ҡҡСԴʾҲ֪
Ҷ׼ʱһ׹ҶǰҶһۣȻˣҲ֪Ϊʲôֻ֪кֲܿԳɿռ䣬ܹװƷҲװУǱתĽɫƽʱյһСиƷ
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Ҷԥ£㸸ǰ˼³ޣҲ޳ɣϾڵʵʮ߻ƽʿҲ϶ƴġȻϲǰŮˣбҪȰһǰŮˣϾܹǸĺô
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һԵҲ׼ҶڣɲŮˣҪСʱҶȴͻȻסȱȥˣȥһطǵطûɲУ˵һŶϻԨĵطȥ
ڽʮɽʱȥǶϻԨٴμһˣĿģȻϣԷٴһĵؽ

ϻԨףҶŻǳ˵ĵطȥ·ϣ̧ͷ˿ͷܣһƬɫ⣬ʲôҲ
طЩɵģǰ˽ҹȺǸ̵ӡȻλСһ㣬һ뵽ĳͷƤЩ顣
ڣһ·ûгһֻҹɣȻ˾סéǰ
ǰҶéһҶ
Ƭ̣éݵĲŻ򿪣һŹȵձ滺˳˿ҶһۣͻȻһĨĹâΣǲƵ¶һЦݣؾͨ˶̵ʱ䣬Ѿﵽɾͣ츳
ͨҶһڶ֪⽣ͨʲô
ҲһȻ˵ͷЦ㻹֪⣬ͨ⽣ͨϸ˵Ѷȸڽ֮ϡ˵ɣܹͨģ⣬ȴһܹͨ
ǰ˵ҽͨҶɻǰͨʲô
Цͨһһ⾳⽣ܹͨ޽ߵĽ֮ĸӴ⣬ᱻκԻһıʣдԡһ򷨡ָĲǽޣָͨĽޡΪͨߣ˲⣬ܹϤһıʡ˵ǣԺ˶ʱܿҳԷ
ҶȻѹֵܹһۿ֮Ĺ֮еĻþܹһۿǸþԭͨԵʡ


139 ˣ
ңʲô°ɣ˿Ҷ
Ҷ£ȻǰܺǰΪҶӲϵڱʹУҲֲҶ
ԣձЦЦȻ֪𣿵ŮʱԭɱǵģΪҲϣطϣ֪ҵĴڡ֪Ϊʲôûɱǣ𣿡
˵ĻҶһ亹ԭǰ˾Ȼɱʫǰ˶ʫ֣ʫʮġ
ΪʲôҶʵ
̧ͷ˿Ǳ죬βŵһˣʵﵽһ̶ʱ¾ͻȫƾԼϲãǡãҲˡ֮Բɱ㣬ΪδȻҿ͸ǵģδһƬ磬ûһҷǳ档
͸һ˵δҶһǰȻܹ֪δһܹһ˵δ˵ʵֲĺ̶ֳȡ
ҡҡͷ˵δָһ˵ĸδҪ飬֪һδҪ£ؼӦûܹҪ֪һδһʱڵĸֻҪﵽ߾ʱܹˡ
ǰʵǣҶЩСʵǰ˵ʵҶǷǳ档
ЦЦҵʵô˵ɣҪɱ˭ƴȫû˭ܹӵˡ
ԣҶһݣȻһ񣬵ǰһ󣡡ǰԸĸףǹƾǰٻҲòЭᣬȻŹ
һĨ棬Ȼʵ˵˵
ԣҶһϲȻԼĸٻ˵˳
ΣҶĻҡҡͷҾܾ
ԣҶɫȻЩģֵȻЩòҪһ䣬Ϊʲô
˿ҶСӣ񣬲⣬ͨȻȴֻ쾳ԭȱĥѣͷ˵ĥЩĥѣϷ㲻ĥѡ˵ģ˵˵ǽڵʦ֪ȫұɱұ۱նĥＸʮ꣬Ȼûб壬־ԽԽͣһһӿ̿࣬Ҳˣ޵֡ĥȣΣ
ҶҡͷɬһЦǰ뽣ʦȣǲ֪һǸ
֮Ծܾ㾭㽣ʦǰĥѡԭʱ޷뿪УϷһ仰κԼΪŻԽԽǿ󡣡˵
Ҷһ񣬵ܽˣʵҶҲ֪˵ģֻܹĸһЩĻֺηֻڿǰҲָˣջÿԼ
ȻҲܳȥĸףȴָָ㣡˺Ȼ
ҶһϲæлǰȱٵľʦָΪڽǽ⣬ǿԼһһЧʵ̫ˡ
ȱл˵˵ﵽ߾ʱ˴Ϸ죬ŵɻǵã
ȻǵãҶ˵ͷ
˵ԭҲֻ˵˵ûн仰棬ΪǼµѵǳȲ˵ܴܲﵽ߾ﵽ߾Ҳһܰ쵽ڼ뽣ͨϷлˡ
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ڵʵμư񣬶ȡһΣӦûʲô⣬˵õһʹüԽɱˣҲûʲôġ򣬻ңӵܣЩδ֪жţ
ҶһֱԼģȴӲԸɲΪھһ֮޵еĴڣ
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ҶʵǰͲָҲڴﵽ߾ġϾӦǰﵽ߾
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ڣһĨ죬޽ӣôִܽг𣬵̫ٳ֮ӦҲɡ
˶ƺȤҶΣֻýԼ뽣ڻаٻ֮˵һ顣
Σҡҡͷִϵ޴֮


140 
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ڶǱط֮෽оһˮ̼ķǡɽٲ
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Ļϵ˵ͷ̶̵ļʱܹʮϢʱ䣬ֻһ;Ҫѭѭģ̫ûҩһЩˣȻоûʲô£պ߾ʱЩǻģ
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ĻéǰиԡͰԡͰ֮װɫˮһŨŨҩζԡͰ֮лƮȻⲻص㣬صԡͰ֮еˮȻڷڣǵģͬտˮһ㣬ðݣиصģǾԡͰ棬ɫˮ⣬һЩĻ棬ǵĻϸҶڤ𡭡
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ļµҶЩԥֱҪȥ϶һƤѵһҲǼпܵġ
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ھʹͬʱЩɫˮãһ˿˿ҶڣȻٵ޸ڤջ塣ҲΪЩõҶ岻ڱڤ𳹵ճɻҽֻͿҶˡ
Ͼڤյζɲܣ
أһʱȥˡ
ҶѾŤΣǲǱյģΪʹɵġȻʹ࣬Ҷȴʼȴûнгһ䡣
Ҷ֣ⷬһԵĻϰͷԭҶֻһȤԶû͵ĵزϾʹҶ츳ٺãҲദҶıȴͽͷ
ֻҶȴǽЩΣΪԽһ;Ҳİĺܡ
ԡͰ֮мֵҶĻϵһ̾Ȼ߽é֮С
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ܹ֣֮ȫΪƾһӵǿʵ
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ĻϵĻԡͰ֮еҶ͵˫ۣȻԡͰ֮˳Ҷһ˵ϣȻڴںţϡ
ȻڳˣǸоȫʹֻûǰǰǿң
ĻһУԡͰ֮еİɫһѸԡͰ֮зɵϣڤĻϿҶԺȥٲˮȻϾͼԡͰ֮УֱɱΪֹ
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ȻĻϵ˵ͷΪֻһξͿôףְҵҲҪˣ
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ǿ𣿡ҶЩʵ֮Ϊ޵ǳǿڼŽɫǿĴڣȻҲȥʲôģϾ⣬ûȥ
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һҶ˹ڵ֮ϰһʶ֣õʣս϶ֱͬһ㰡
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ĻҡҡͷǧǰǸ֮ҲûгֹʣǱӦҲįǧ갡˵⣬ĻϿҶӦòįˣΪˣϷ㣬պӦܹ֮
֮ҶЩˣ֣ļʶʵ̫ǳˡ
ÿһ󣬹ʶԶɻؽɽ˯ȻȴһνʡҪùʵĳϣ͵ȻѹʵĽ飬ѹʽ󣬽ͻ֪ͨټ½ǰɽ뻽˱Ƚֻаܾ½ţܹϣҲǳΪµĽʣȻҲй涨ģǾսߵľ粻ܳսףĻϻ
ܾ½šҶ૵ò˵⽣Ҳֲ̫һ㡣޽ĺࣿһҪܾ½ţȻǴ޵֣ѶҲ൱ֲˣսŻԸ߳ս׵ľ硭
Ҷ𾪵ı飬ĻЦЦҿСӾǱǻѹʽˣµĽűȽ뵽ǲǺѪڰ
ҶЦЦûôֻ࣬ӵǿʵȻȳĸ׾ͿˡˣǰҲ֪ǹʵ𣿡
֪һ㣡ĻЦҲһļһ˵ˣϿȥɣЩ˵е磬ڻȽ޵ĳ̶˵
ԣҶҲջ˼ĻһȻٲȥ
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ҽɾʯһԾڵ档
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һ˵Ѿ޵
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СһܹһۿСУҲܣ˵ǰҲܵģϾ˵ʵԶ֮ϡǲ֪ΪʲôӴǿ߶ûһСУԴˣҶҲЩɻ
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ȻĻϵ˵ͷֻҶû֣Ļ˵仰ʱ΢΢˳顣
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ҡҡͷգҶһʼ

ϻԨϷһ˿ŶϻԨ·Ĭ˲Ǳˣǵ׷ɱҶɱ֯ġɱ
һδɱҶΪҶҶ֪ǸҶһʮɽģһֱڶϻԨǰ
ǰǽҶˡȻû֣Էһ˶ϻԨ˺þá
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Ƭ̺󣬺ջĿ⣬ȻתʮɽӶȥ
ʵӶԷ¶ϻԨһ̣ͿԽˡܶԷûȻԷ¶ϻԨǾͲˡǴδʧܹȴǽӶҶʧ֣ü㱻Էɱ
ܲˬֽҶ˵Ҷ֮ĹϵѾǵɱĿĹϵ
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143 ս龳
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ȻˣҶЩ⣬ΪĻ˵ֻһϢɲţҲ˵ڻš
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ˣֵһ˵ľˡԭһƷƷ磬Ҳ˽۷壬ֻҪһܹͻƵأ֮⣬ȭĻϵָҲﵽ˵һأҶ𾪵ĲС
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ĻϵĿ֣Ҷ֪⣬ͻȻҶüͷһ壬о˽ʲôŪ⾳н
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ϴ죬Ч⽣ֳơϧ⽣˵Ϊҷͻ䣬޷רĴ⽣⽣ûв콣顣ҲˣϾ⽣ҲǵؽƷĻϵ
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ҶéһȻҲ߽ͣ˵ɫԲȦ֮С

ϻɽһž֮ϣһۣɫֵŮſĴšŮӲǱˣǰٻķ
ΪµɽֻûǮɱ֯ȥԸҶȻû뵽ҶȻ˶ϻԨɱ֯һãΪɱ֯ƭҶΪʲôҪ¶ϻԨ֪֪һ㣬ǾҶԲѰ̼ΪҶҪĸף
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Ц߾ȥȥ޻صĵطһСС߾ǿȥ
̾һ׼ȥˡվǰٻİٻٻģܳʱ档ڷ׼ȥʱͻȻתͷұߣ˸˷ܵĹâһʧԭء

ҶʱɫѿǵģǳѿճϻԨͱһŮ˸סСһŮ˲Ǳˣǰٻķ
ڶϻԨ⼸£ʵ˵ͻͽȴΪܹնɱ߾ǿߡ
ôӶϻԨȻģҶʵѾԭ
Ҷһǰô֪˶ϻԨת˲Ҷ뵽ʲôкâһɱģ
ҶʶݣԽȡ¶ƯСӣò˵ϵʵ̫࣬ϻԨ߾̤룬ȴȥˣһȻУԦ֮˵ʹһ㣬Σ
㽫ĸ׷ųҽܸ㣬ΣҶ
ĸ״棬ǹûȨһλᣬ˵ܣҿʹһ㣬ȻܾܿˡҰٻĸ̷ȻȲϹڣţһԵģ
ҪҸϵܣԣĸڰٻ״ҶȻɱңҲòκܣңùڵĸ̷ҲϵõκҪģ
˫΢Уϴ˵ĸڶµɷ֮࣬ĸڵ״Ų˼꣬ģٻȥģٻøҩסúɷ磬ˣûһֻܼȥģǱĥǱٻŻģ
ҶһȻɫƽĿŷ𣬵ĸ֮ҪЩʹ࣬˵֮ʡģĸܵʹһٱٻҶ֤һһɢƽޱȣȴͬǰĻɽ
ЦΣǷεļðٻɢƾ㣿˵ֻһ쾳ﵽ߾ΣҰٻĵ̲ģϻˣȻ㾴ƲԳԷƣǾͱ֡
𻰻δ˵꣬Ҷˡ
ֻҶͳŷԼϣȻһŷȥ
Ҷ֣ϼ֮ɫȻҶﵽǰɾʱɫ˲䣡


144 ս
Ҷ֮Զ֣Ȼһ̣͸ԼһƷǿзȻʹƷҲԶԿѾƷķġԣڽӽɵľʱɽ͸׷˹ȥ
֮ԱɫҲΪ׷
׷ڿӭ籩ǣһƬ˲ۼȻӰִ֮гŷȥٶ֮죬õѾ߾ǿߵķ޷ܡ
𲻸˿⣬һӣ˲ɣͬʱһ·ɻĶͷ
䣬䣬䣡
Ӱ֮ϣһĺţš顱һƻмȴǲδɢٶȲĳ֮еķȥ
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Ҫڷ֮ʱͻȻŭһһûӡӭȥ
죡
һ죬һӡ͵ɢ֮ľ˲䱻ݻ١
ͬʱӡҲɢУȴֻɢһκ谭ֱֱ˷Ǹ֮ϡ
䣡
һ죡
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һɢʱҶ˷ǰȻΪƾ׷ܹɱ𣬱ϾƷǿߣ׷ĿģֻҪ˷㹻ˣΪֻҪˣлᣬȻ᲻󣬵վһᣡ
ģʱҶһϲȻǷһĨνŷ϶¾һն
ҶûбһҲûб
Ͻɫнǿļӳ֣õҶһٶȴﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȡ
ȻҶֵһ̣һֲġڳǿ˺ѵ
һɢһҶǰʱַһĨǰѰ·ʱˣȴҲһСС쾳ܹģ֪߾ǿֲֶ
ȻǵļδɢͻȻͫҵһ벻˼飬Ϊܵ˽⡭
Ȼ𾪣ӦǲģҶĽǰʱֵ̧˹ȥȻǲὫԼ͸ҶģϣһɫͨһƷĿռ

һĽཻڳ𣬽ţǡ족һڷ㵵ĿУƷռȻѡȻ飬ҶĽҲûǰǰ
Ʊ裬ҶԷ˽ȭȭϣһ˲両֣Ȼŷǰݺݵغ˹ȥ
Լ飬־ŭǰȻܹƷ飬öŭһ߾ǿߣȻһ쾳۵̶ֳȣҪǴȥɾͶˣ
Ȼ־ŭҶһȭɲҴ⣬ƽʱȻ壬ڡ
ղŵǵȻû˺ȴҲ˵ڸ׵ʩչһЩ߽׵ҲԭǰŻǼռȥ赲ҶĽҲԭֻܱ
ֻƣҶһȭ˹ȥ
죡
Ҷȭͷϵǿʹ÷˲䵹ɳȥУ𾪵ķһѪ˳֪СǰҶǰһ쾳߸ӵеģ޵Ҳ˰ǰ꾿һʲô̥
СɲСĻϵĵ£ѾһޣڼһƷǿнɫļӳ֣״̬µҶ
ҪҶ֪ȻŹᣬڼ粽뼲ѥзļӳ£ҶֱӻһӰڷδصһ̣˷ǰȻٴζŷνһն
һѩĽڳлҶνʱĽ⡣
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仰˵Ҷܹв
ȻвԸϣʵˡ
η𲻸ӲҶһżУ峯ˣȻ˵һ˲䣬ҶٴǰȻͬԭǰ㣬νһն
˫һУһĨɭɱ⣬Է̫ʢŭ֮£ڹ˼ڵӿ˲䲼һ㱡ȻһգסҶǱ
Ȼǿģǹ켣ȴǷǳΪ֮һĿۣ
סҶĽ΢΢ǱҶѶͬʱüͷ鲻Խ壬ǿתǣ˿ڵԭ
ᣬҶûбɫһĨЦҲûзϻԥٴλȭŷǰֱֱ˹ȥ
ҶȭͷѹסڵĲʣǱ˳ƳҶȭͷ˹ȥ
ȻҪӴҶȭͷʱͻȻǱڷеҵĲͻı÷𾪺Ϊ֣еȻҪ֣

ڷ׼ٴתʱһལ֮ڳǱ˷֣ȻŷĲ˹ȥͬʱҶȭͷҲ˷ǰ


145 ˣ
ͻıõ÷𾪺ʧɫ룬ͬ۶ϰĹȻʱҶȭͷĸ˸ܵĽӴ
죡
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ҶûиĻᣬڷɳȥһ̣ҽ͵̤أ洫ŷȥͬʱǱҲĿ¶ǻδصķȥ
ֻɾʱҶһӣȻ˷ߣȻȻССȿʼûٻһΪ÷ɵܣϾһ߾ǿҪֻӣǸסģ߾Ѿˣ
ССڵϣʱһһͷһŭХȻһԾŷ˹ȥ
ֻڤʱ˫Բ糱ˮӿţȻޣһ쾳꣬˴˵еĽ⣬ӵп޵ܹޣôˣ
ܿ죬ûʱȥЩˡΪֻ޻ҶĹѾǰ
㣿ʱڣǿԣڣǱһУȻҶһȭⶼˣ㲻ˡһ㣬Ҷضͬƹ֮һ׷ĴֻԽԽ㣡
Ȼ㲻ˣǾֻӲˣ
뵽⣬һĨȻԥӿ˫ǰһӡһ˲䣬ͬһһ㣬ؼŷӿȥұ۲һɫĻ٣ɫķҶС飬ɣ䣬ǲƻɫ֮ұ۶ŵ͵һң
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˱һ˲䣬һ޴ĻɫԵѸȻ󽫷ţž޴Ļɫ䳯Ҷȥ
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߾ǿʩչôõֵֻڤһ˲䱻ɣֲ֪
ȻҶǲ뵲Ҳû취Щ飬ٶ죬û취ܣһֻӲ
һҶ׼ЩֲĻʱʱͻȻҶǰգգۣȻСצһӣһɫĹҶǾòСצֻӣһָԭɫ桭
䣡
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СһգգۣȻСצٵĻ̶̼Ϣʱ䣬ҶϾͳٶʮɫ֣Щֻڲӡ
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ΪʩչϹԭ˫֮оȻѪ˿ˣԭɫСҲ쳣ԵĲ԰֮ɫ
һĻҶһȻæǻڻצСһﱧ˻Ūˣȥ棡ɡ
ҶһۣȻֿ˿ǿٱѵϹ⣬¶֮ɫ
ģˣҵǱССҪǿЩ˺ҵģȥȻҿҪˣҶ
գգۣȻСԴСԴ˲ҶգŻһϹûҶڡ
䣡
սСпռ䣬ҶϵһϹñһ仨飬ȻһͷĻɫҶǰҶ޷ܣɫҶһܵĽӴ
죡
Ҷ嵹ɶУҶ԰׵ɫޱأֻһ֪ڵܶతЩ䣬ȻЪˡΪֻһ͸оѾѷ죬ڶſֲҪѿˣ
ҶӲЩֲĻɫ䣬һױ͸Ľϻϣӿ뽣ϻ֮ڣʱʮԽϻڱ
ʮûȥ𣬶ҶĿ£ǰһԲȦת
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һԶҪСԼĶ֣¶ԷֻһϡһʼͶ֣˿ϻҶûᣬǿֲҲûᣬΪĴ⣬㴦
ڣһжˡǸСӦñʬ˰ɣš


146 ɱ
ٻɢ¶ɫ԰׵ķ
Ȼһ̣ƷƷ죬ʧɫоֻıĵ⣬Դʱ޷ܵٶ˲˷ǰȻֱֱ֫˵档
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·˷Ļڷ𸹲λͣ
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߾ʵʩչƷȻǰֻ쾳Ҷסˡôģ׻ʲôƣһϵڷв
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ҶûлشһƷƷԼϣȻ󻺻˷ǰڵķҶǷһĨ̵Цݣ֪Ϊʲôɱ𣿡
𣿡ǷһĨҶҳС㣬ҪɱҪϤ㣬ҪҶģ룡߾ǿǿߵϣȻҲҶģ֮⣬ֻ֪ȡˣ
йҶЦЦȻ̧һŲڷĸ

ҵʹõ÷˲Ťɫ˲Ъ˹ĶҶŭС飬㾹ȻҵĵﱻϣʲôżʹҶŹҲֻһˡ
ҶûŰ˵ȤϵĵֻΪ˸ӷĶѣ֮ԲɱΪʷȻٻǰٻڲԱʵ֪еõڰٻϢ
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ҲֻгΪ˵еʥǿߣܽٻĨȥ
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Ҷջ˼ŷҲܺΪʲôôú
𣿡ɫЦٻʵɣҶĸףҪ𣬾ŬһӣΪ߾ǿҲܡĸվھ±ɷĥΪĶӵ㣬˿ĥʲôҲˣŶ㻹һ£Ǿȥ
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ôҪȼɱЦ
ԣҶȻʧЦ·𣬲ò˵ǰЩɫģֻǰ˸Ȥ
ѹˣҶȤ˵仰ҶڷϻһУŷıɻĽϻڣȻҶŷŶϻԨȥ

ϻԨףȻ岻ܶȴڶʱĴ߾ǿ߶ĶϻԨ
ΣҶС飬㾿ʲô
ҶһУָϴôɽɵУɨеĶֻʯǧʱжٸЩʧĿԡһЩȴһЩ޷ģװٻΪʲôֻŮˣΪЩֻŮ
ʤޣЩȥĻ϶Ҳ׬ϲ١
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ҶĬΣȻʵ˵ҼˣҲв˰ٻԣĸעҪĥûɷɣ˵Ǵϼ꣬ǼҶܲˣЩͬһ㣬һɷ֮ϣǧУǧлҪֲɷ֮壬ھ࣬ǰζǰʹ࣬ʵ
Ҫŭңھͽ㣿Ҷ
Ҷĸͬŵķϣһʹ죡Ȼ֪ҶҪʲôطһֺܲĸоܾʲô֮ж
֪ĸͬˣҶɫ΢ĸŹʱôû뵽ĸͬţҪʱôĸͬţɱʱôĸͬţôĸͬˣ㡭
˵⣬ҶͻȻ̧ͣͷ˿ȻǷһĨЦ⣬˵˽ҹɰɣ˵ϲʳ裬ûǽԿ
˵꣬ҶһУļϣȻȥͬʱ֮Уһ˫˫
ౣ
һļХһ˫˫ͻȻ·
·˫ԲУž֣С飬硭ȻֹΪѾһ˫˫ɫ۸סˡ
һϢЩҹɢ˿ʱѾڣеֻһ̯Ѫ
Щҹɽ󣬾뿴Ҷȴûһֻǰ벽ȻϵҶϵ


147 ڼʫ
ưֻһµʱ䣬Ҷûʮɽ֮ڶϻԨ׽ϵκã͸ϻ˷Ʒ塣
صƷҶȴûмʦɽбҲڷƷ壬æһŴϵɽɽһ֪ͨΪ˶ڷƷˡԭɽȥ۶ˡԭȻΪư
ÿһư񶼻ʦȥΪ֤ˣԭɽưûʲôȤģ֪ҶҪμһưΪҶʦȻҪʦμư
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СűʦҶȻǷĵġ
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֮УǰһϮȹʫҶһ˿ĸо²ǰŮӻǰǰ绪Ĳ˼Ůӡ
֪ʲôʱʼҶѾϲǰŮˡϲϲϲǲϲҶȥԼƭԼȻҲ֪ҪǰŮһѶȿ²ưһ
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˵⣬˶٣ֵ츳һưʱ϶ܴﵽ쾳۷壬ʱڼ˽Ҫưһξһ׾ٵ¡ȥ̫ðˣǲԸ⿴ϣģ
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ҿʵȻҲȥμư㲻ڣʫ
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Ҷȭȭϣ֣Сˣ䣬ҶȭͷһƷ죬ֱֱʫ˹ȥ
ʫֻƣҶȭͷӡ˹ȥ
죡
ʫϣһĨ֮ɫǿȻֻ˲ɵʵʵҪɱһ쾳Ҳ׾ٵ£Ȼû뵽ȻǰҶ򵥵һȭĵˡ
ҵޣҶҲҵ֮һ
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ҶҡҡͷָָֻңûΪͽڵʵʸμư˰ɣ
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ҶҡҡͷܾʫӽڴӦٻʱҾͶԽˡ֮ԴȥμưҲֻΪ㡣û㣬ʵ˵ҰͲýδΪ
ʫһ̾Ȼ˵⻰⣬º㣡˵꣬ʫͣת߳˷䡣


148 ۣ
̫壬̫
ʱ̫֮бҪ֣Ϊ˷Ʒķ
ڹһ¾ư񣬶ڽ˵һشӣΪϵδķ˥ܡ
ܹưһΣǽδܹһЩŵӣ⼸һ㣬ŵӲξء
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վϷִ볡üͷưϵܹԽսô֮УȴֻܹԽսݣȥ˵۶ǲ
ǹǿɱҽţõһưҽϰҽںڱ㴦Ǻ޲ὣɱֹȥЩ˲˹ļһȫնĺãһԵĳ̲ס
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˵ڱףŹڲٹͣ
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һҲʦ֣֪㵱ľǴӴǣ¡Ӧ֪ʦ£
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ѾͻͲѾ겻ؽˡ
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ӶҽѾ˳ɼ뽣ǲܣǻҪһ£һţôҽڲܷŹ
ԣҲǵ˵ͷһŶԽ˵̫Ҫˡĺˣ˵ܹδƽ


149 ˣ
ǧϹϵĺãǿǧԣʱͻȻ
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ʱʫ߽˴֮Уʫ֣ưƼһ˲μӣ
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ԣһعʫҶԸ¼뽣ڣ
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Ľü΢壬ΣҡҡͷҲ뿪ȡ


151 ʫĵǣ
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սҶһۼԪŵĽ
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ҶȻЦ֪ǳֺã֮Զ£ʵȫǿǰŮӵķϣȻǰ֮˲Ĳ²⣬ҲνڵҲûʲôϵѾѹˣ
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ʫһ̾ʵ˵ǲϣҶȥԿٻģΪϺ֪ҪҶĸ׵£ǸǲܵġֻǣҶ˽⣬һܹԦޣҪƾЩԿٻǻǷǳʵģ


152 
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˼ҿˣ𣿡۽Ǻߣ˵Ķˡ
Ҷüͷһ壬öʩչӦ֪Ƕûã
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СһҪҶһڣ鿴Сһ״
ʱСеСһ棬˫΢գɢһ㱡Ϲ⣬СһµǸͬˮһ㣬ðݡ
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ҶߣݺݵһۣȻҿҲ֪ɣˣҾúҲСһǸѪѹأ
㲻üңѪѹ̹׸㣬ҵȷѪѹڲ£վֻһֻŽޡУԷǳǳ̹׵ĸ㣬ηѪһֶֻĹѡ㣬ĸǸСڣҲĸ
ҶɫСһʲôУΪʲô֪СһﲻẦңһǷǳ档
ĬΣ̾һʵҶҲرҲֻһ壬ֻû뵽ǾȻĴڡĴӦֻܸ㣬ĽױޣǴ˵е嶼СһȺΪĿռֲֲ̫̫ˣ
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ҶֻٻгҲֻǰٻûȤʵȥԿص۹
Ҷҡͷü΢֪츳ǱպҪԿٻӦǿԵģֻǻǺܾúܾԺˡ֣ܹڶʱںٻҿ̹׸㣬ҵĵƿɲʮ߻ƽʿ
㻹ʲôƣҶЩ
Ҳܸ㣬ֻܸ㣬̳ĹʦҲ깫òûڼǰʱ깫òʦѾǻ߾ǿߣ
ԣҶһ֪Ϊʲôұˣԭڣȷһ߾ǿɽҪƺҲеˣ
ǰΪãԷûһᡣһ߾ǿߣʮ߻ƽʿƺѾܹٻˡǰŮ˻ƣҲԣ̳ϾҲǸûˡ
һŮ˽Щ̳ҳҶˣ룬ˣʵһ˼겻˵ʵ
ôҺҪ۷ٻȫлᣡ
Ҷһʵ˵˵еĶֻһҪܾ
Ϊʲô⡣
ȣĿ۷ص۹ҵĿֻ۷ٻһҵĵ˾ͿܴӰ׻˴ص۹ʱʹҾĸףĸ׻ҲðߣҲ㣬ΪֱҪҺǺԷٻô򵥣Ҷ̹׵
ǵģоǰŮǽΪ˶ԸٻѡȻֻһ²⣬Ըֱ
Ҷһǽ˫ʵȵǰᣬȻ̫һһ㶼ûʲô³ȣǺһ
ĬΣȻܽԺһѡҺģ䣬Ҷڡ


153 ڵ·ˣ
ʫٴ˷Ʒ塣
ŷڼ飡ʫҶʱĵһ仰
ڵˣҶʵ
ʫ˵ͷɫͳˮ˵εȷǹҽڲμưĵӵһıֻǿϧûнʮɽĹǿ£ŷҲߣ
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ҶĬΣȻʫýжٵӻǹڵˣ
ʫͫһǰŷԶǹڵļϸǽж˻ǹڵˣЩڽڵʲôɫŵӣ洫ӣǳϣ
֮жйڵļϸǽڡʫȥˡ
Ҷ̾һʫ̹˵ҾýѾ˲ز£µǽڲ֪ǲԼѾˣΪԼȷڵȷ֮һʫһ䣬ûǸǰýڵ³Σ
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ҶҾãʹܹư񣬵Ҳܸı佣µ״ΪҾãڵߵĽˡʫ㣬ĽҲˡ
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ߣ۲䣬Ҷǽʦүһ仰Ҳ˵ǽ֮У㿴ڵ£ڵִܹϵΪ˲ٻԹýȥĽѾˡڸϣнӣ㣬йǵ̫̫ˣǾӦԴΪȣȴû뵽ΪʹǵĽ뽣֮ı
ʫɫˡ
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ʫɫ԰ף˫ȭա
ڵӵĽ֮ԱΪ쵼˵Ĵ󣡡ҶʮɽɱԪӣ±Ԫ֪ԪҪڽҽȥýڻΪ˴֣ڻὫҽȥ£ýڵӵĽԺܹĳ𣿡
ѵڵ·Ѿ𣿡ʫૣĿ֮иã֮ɫ
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ҲΪԭŲ뽣ڵ𣿡ʫҶ
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Ҷû磬ߵǰ򿪴ӣԶƲƵվɽ壬һȻʫʵڵĵֺֹǹڡھһСһȺǷֱԣСվһˣСͱЩŪˡţСվĴվԶЩˣ
ʫߵҶԣ˫ĿԶһĨâСһӤСƼˣ㲻ɱЩˣҪöԷһ⻹Ǻ׵ģ
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ʫȻڣڣᶨ
ҶĬˣϣֽ֣֪ı䲻ŮӵľڲЩ̫ˣȻѾû䣬Ҳκһ˵ģǼֻ֣е㲻ʵΪϵ̫ˣ
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158 ʮţ
˾ͽߵǰ׼ǣͻȻٴξˣ
ԣ볯̨ķ˹ȥߵҲ̨˹ȥ˲һڵ˻Ŀⲻơ
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ԣ˾ͽٵ˴ŭȴǲҲ廰
ݹǣǰЩɱҽڲμưӵı˵ڣҽڲμưӵıҲ˵ڡڵӲηҽڵӣֺαʩչЩֶΣ
η㽣ڵӣݹЦЦȻ⣬ˮҲû˼⣬һǿļҲβǱԱԣڳ˿˭η˭
Ҳд⣡⿴˿ݹһۣ
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䣡
һϢʱ䣬вʮ˲ϣ·ˮ۾һɨܹ˾ʮһš
ʮһšǿˣˣǰǸ˵Ҫŵӿɢļһأ
ȷǺǿһ߾ǿҲ򲻳ʮһţŵӹȻ
ɢ޹Ȼŵ޷ȰӦŬһ㣬ȻҸż룬Һڰ

Χ˵Ļ˾ͽٶʱ¶ϲ⣬ȻĿƵĿ˹ꡣûע⵽ʱʫüͷѾ΢΢ˣΪʫ֪˾ͽٸûоȫʵ
ʮһŶɢ˵ȷǷǳǶЩžӢ˵ֻ˵Ǽƽʱ˾ͽ֣ʫ޳ɣڣ־Ե÷ǳ޴ˣΪϵڵ
㽣ڵӵʵʧݹ˼һ䣬Ȼתͷˣ˭ϣ
վ˳޿û˾ͽ٣ֱ˲ǰȻָһһѪ˿˲ϣһˮȻһʮţ
죬ȻǾʮţΪֹõĳɼɣȻȽڻţǿ
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ϵޣ˵ɱ⣬ɱ⣬»ﵽʮţ࣡
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159 ٻ
ûǰӣϸĽʵʸҵĶ֣ưϼ˵꣬ûڷϻת߻˿ݹԡ
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ұߴȹǶƯǸŮûĽҶȻǱѩĴɱ߾ǿߣˣ֮еˮպ֣һҪСģ
ұǶأҶǽȻŮϿһۣȻǿ˰ٻǶˡȱѩ԰ٻȤ
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վͬһϣΣգҲֻǶԱв𣿡ҶЦ
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ɲһʱһԵıٻ˶ĳĸвôأСӣһ䣬ٻĸв㣬ñЭΪЭĽĸһʹҲ
лǰѣҶű΢΢һȻʷû£Ҿ͸ˡ
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һԵҲʷһӣҷ£ΣҶڴڣɲʷ裬ǶӵĿɲҶнڡ
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ͻȻиϤԱҶתͷȥֻʱЦӯӯĿԣСڡ
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160 Ԫţ
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ȥдд裿ʷ￴ɱΡ
ٻұѩĵӶβٻǿұѩǿ
Ҳд⣡ʷ
ʷĶԻһԵҶͣ˵죬˰ٻɴŮӡŮȻǴɴòǿʣҲһˡȻҶĲǶԷòǶԷʵ
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Ҷ׼ߵʫҲ˰ٻѩٻѩʵԪţҲ뿴֮Ĳൽж
ڱʾ£һŮ˳ŮڳпνرۣŮòҲǼĿŮӵͷŮͷǺɫģͷɫǵģͷȫɫһ㣬ǾŮӵʣ˵ر䣬ϱģд
ʫǸ߹뵭ȻŮǸ䵭Ůһͬ㣬ǾǶرƯ
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ٻɫ䣬ҶɫҲǰδеŮӿûκζǽٻȴǿˣҲǿдҲɫ䡣ΪˮʯֻŮӵһͷһ΢ͷ
ҪŮǹʽϢû˿ԤףֲģҲҶɵĵطͬʱҶҲңǰ¸ĻˣȻʵμư񣬱˵ưһ¾ܲܽһ⣡
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ˮŮתߵ˱ʼû˵һ仰ֻڻߵĹпһ۰ٻɴ¡
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ʱ˶عˡ߲֪Ůôģ֪һ㣬Ǿˮʯ˾ʮţ
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͡
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죡
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ȻͬǾʮţǴʱϵȴûͬǰǰ𾪣ϾǰŮӿϢġ
Ǻְ
ʱһˬʵЦͻȻԶתͷȥֻ̨ϲ֪ʱһӣһϮ°ɫۣò㣬ϴЦ
ԪŵԪԪŰŵģʱҶԵĽͻȻһ߾ǿ߸֣߾ǿѹսʤ߾Ӧò٣ֻǺߺܶ򶼲ţ
𣿡Ҷʵ
ĽҶһֻۣ۾ģʵΣ᲻֪ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ԫߵ˲ʷǰ˱˱ȭԪλǰ֪⻹⣬Ԫûڵһ㡣
СӣԪξһʷʵ
ȻǣԪЦЦԪŹˣλʦѾӱĴ̨˵۶λʦ֪֪ԪŵʵԾǰ׳һ£
СӣҰٻѩǵ˾ʮţΪԪŵȥʦȻɾ׳ˡ
ʮţܲĳɼĳɼȥúܶడԪЦݵС¾Ͳȥ鷳ʦˣȻԪɾҪˡ
Ǿ׳һ°ɣ
Ԫ˵ͷڷϻߵ˲ǰȻ̧ƱǶŲȥ
죡
һ죬ˮʯȻʮ˿ţ
һƬڣٻѩɫݡ

ЦһԪųȥһӰʧС
ǿ
ǲϵˮĽ˵һ䡣
ȷǿҶͬ˵һ䡣


161 ѣ
ſڷ£һӱǴ۶ٻ£ڵĽѩȻԪŵԪҲǴ۶μư߷ˡӵ·ɢ޽ǲԼͬǰſڲԣϣһٳ
ڵ۶ҲвҵһΪɿ;ӵĿջвμưĽڵӶڵɫأеиǸֳ֮ɫ
ǵɵģƽʱڽڿ˵еţǽ֪ǷŷǳĲģԭЩμưĽڵӵĿʼҡˡ
ų˵飬ʫеһ֪̾Щ۶ЩȻ֪ȴûʲôӦ԰취ã˲δ
ĽҶ
ˣʫǰüͷչ˿ڣڻһϣû
κɨ˴һۣشҶŵӵʵһ˽⣬ɷϣǽٻѩԪ֮仹һЩ࣬ⲢǽڵĵӾͲưˣưûʼǾͶԼûģǾûϣˣ
ִϣǲûģֻ±ԣʱ˾ͽٺȻ
ԣ˵ڣü
˾ͽҡҡͷǽУǣҲǣ˵ǰٻٻڵҽڵӣҽڵӱ˵ϰˣܻܲһˣ˵ţرҶһۡ
һԳĬʫüͷһ壬˾ͽٵ˼ףڳҲף˾ͽȻҶɷϣ˵ⷬеġעģǰٻΪҶĹϵվǱߣڳμưĵӾΣˣϾڿûʵͬʱԿٻڣ
ü˵˾ͽټִϣ֪Ҷμư񣬱ضǵĵӶԣҶֻ쾳ƷʵǵСʵưȥʵڲӦΪٻȻ
ԣལڵӷ׷׵ͷʾͬһԵĽҡͷ̾һҶɳĬ·û˾ͽٵĻ
Ҷ˵֮ԴμưֻǵΪʫѣֻҪʫ˵˼һҲ⡣
˼ʫ˾ͽ٣ʵ
ԣ˾ͽһϲæȻǽҶȥðٻһǲΣпưжһǿѣνһã
ҲģʫĿ⻺ɨӡ
ճϣҾ˾ͽʦ˵еҶʵǿܹǽưȡúóɼǾ΢һ°ٻҲ£ǣ˾ͽʦԣҶֻһƷߣʵȷҲֻǶҽڵӶԡʣưϵĸԽսҶڵľ磬ܰҽڣԵͬ˾ͽʦֵĽ飡˾ͽһŵӵ
Ҳ޳˾ͽʦֵĽ飡һҲվ˳ҽѾ˹ǿУµٻʵǣ
Ҳ޳˾ͽʦֵĽ飡
Ҳ޳ɣ

һᣬĽط⣬μưĽڵӶվ˳ʾ޳˾ͽٵĽ顣
ҶɳĬ
ʱĽվ˳һȻִϣӲ޳˾ͽٵĽ顣ȣҶڴҽڣҶȥ˵ҽηٻԺҽڵӳߣٻĵӣҪһͷ˾ͽٵĽҽٻãǣ⽻൱ҽڵϣԼӵϻģȻҽȰٻԽһЩҲηٻɣ
˵꣬ĽҲһɫѿ˾ͽټˡҶٻ֮ĶԹҶʵҶʵ˵ưǰ٣ǽǼпܵġߣܿ˾ͽټ˵Ϊ
ʫ΢΢ͷȻתͷ⣬ʦ֣˼أ
⿴һҶȻҶٻ֮ʲôԹĽԣǴҽڡȻҽڣҽھͲܽ佻ȥԺҪ¡˵꣬Ŀһ˾ͽټˡ
˾ͽټ˵СϷô᲻֪Ҷ缸˵ǰʵ΢ǽҶȥҲ޲ɣҶ˽⣬䱾ǷʦˣˣǾǽʦ
ȰٻԸʦ
Ļ˾ͽټɫѿ˾ͽٺݺݵĽһۣȫӣ˾ͽɫѿ˼֡
ҶǳĬʼգֻʫһˣȥ˾ͽٵ֤ʲô⣬Ҳ⣬ûȨȥϾǸʦҲǳصġ
ǽ̸̸Щţǿֻһ֮еıɽһǣ򣬻ţԪλʦ֣дص۹ĻʼѧԺšص۹֮⣬һЩɢżȽϳӵܡ
Щ˵ϣĽ֮һ˿ϲ⡣
˵ͷȻУڼǰҽھѾʼռЩŵϣǵҴὫЩΪвϷǣǵսʵԼӦԷ
ԣһϲжԷʵȻˣ֪֪˰ս
ڣ˵˵ԪԼص۹ʼѧԺЩɫЩأ˵Щһ֮ڱֱ䣡


162 
˵ѩɣǰѩŮҲˣȻǱѩŰһˣ쾳۷塣ԭѾɹѩĵؽƷڿѾǴţʵˡӦпһͷǿɲһÿһ˿ɵƷպҪǧСһͷ⻺
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һԵҶҲɫһͷ൱һڼǽȻعֶΣʹҲ˵ܹʤԷ˭֪Էûƣ
УȻмǧʹˮйصΪ˶ˮϵһܹãҪмǣ
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α
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ٻһŵӾȻпеȻֻαҲٳܹİ
αʱҶҲƤһαǷǳǿܹԿ߾ǿߵĶưǽµŮˣԷóα˾ֻˡ
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ִϣʱطɱĽʦڣֺ
һԵ˾ͽٿطһۣһĨŭɫ
ҡҡͷĽʵɣҲޡǧ˶⣬ΪǾͻرĽպǸޱضһսԵʱмǲܴ⣬УǧҪСɱ⣡
ӽǣĽ˵ͷ
˵ͷȻɨһۣǣʱĽڣǧ֣ˣף
ִϣǲսˣ˵ҽڣ˾ͽٳ֪ǹڵʵǿǵӲ壬ư֮Ӿ᲻սˣҵΪʲôɱ⣬ҲĻɱ
Ҷһ˾ͽ٣аһ׳ա񲻻᲻֪˾ͽ˵Ϊ⿴أС˾ͽ٣˾ͽޣҪܵġΪϸоΣյϢ˾ͽûָо
ĽĿ˾ͽһۣû˵
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ӲΪӻޣ˾ͽٻǼԼ뷨һưΪ˵ʦ֣ǿĵȻӦԸ
ִϣҲΪ˾ͽʦֵʵޣʱһֱĬĽ˾ͽʦǼ֮оߵģҲǽʱģţǽ棬ӦöǼ֮ǿģǽǿĶ֣Ӧ˾ͽʦԸ
ĽʲôԽˣȻԸȥԸΣյޣȻǰͲã˾ͽʤȻãܣҲûʲôҲ
˾ͽĿĽһۣһֱĽǴδйʦְҴδ𾴹ô˵ˣ
üͷĸˣΣһ֪֮̾ദĲǺ죬Ҫǣư֮УֻŽһ²ܹ𣿡
ף
Ľ˾ͽæ˵ͷֻ׻Ǽ׾ͲΪ֪ˡ
һԵҶҡҡͷưûʼڲѾʼĶǣŶӣôȥΣ
ʫҲǸɫ˵Ȼ֪ĽҶطЩŵ֮䲻ϣֻͬûʲô취
һȱһȨ
뵽⣬ʫҶһۣҶû˳ڣڸҶһʱ䣬ҶʵؽһҲ俹⣬һڣһضܹŽᣡ
ֻǡ
ʫٴ̾һҶ˵Ѿǲ˰δڣûʲôҫ۵ų֣ǽڿҪΪ˰
ʫеɫҶЩ̣֪ʫΪʲôǣҲû취µĴҶܹıġ
˵ı佣ˣεưҲһܹõ˰˵Ԫص۹ǱѩٻţҲûʤİհ


163 
Ȼص۹ʼѧԺţȫţƻȫһĿ֮Ҳǻȫһ쾳۷壬ʵʵ飬ӵһδùǲмã˵߾ûʸá
䣬ص۹ʼѧԺţ쾳۷壬ӵеؽƷǹǹ⣬ɱƷǿߣⲻǴţʵ¼
ԪҹԪŰŵڶ쾳۷壬ʵʵ飬ǰſҲˣʵȻ֮ϣ

⻺˵Ϊ˽Щŵ㡣ᣬ˵ȻŹ
ʱһͻȻ߽˴ߵʫԣ֪ʫ˵ʲôվɫ䣬Ϣ׼ȷ
˵˵ͷ
״ʫһۣн¶һĨɬ
ΣһȻһۣһԪŵӣԪͯų쾳һˣҲųˡϰ䣬ʮ죬ʮ۷壬ҳΪŰһʮΪԪŰһˣŰҪ֪ԪŰϿɶ߾ǿ߰
ԪſڶŰһҲŰһˣһԪŵʦٶȣԪŵʦ츳ȴǳԪŵʦΪȭ⣬ԪʷΨһһ˫ˣ
пܳΪˣĳƺž൱޽Ľʳƺţƺ뽣һɶǼǧûֹ˰һǰʼչأ˵ںȭ⣬ԭΪμư񣬵û뵽Ȼˣ
Ļɫ䣬ҶҲ˵ģԪļһֲ̫ˡ
ʮ죬һȭ⣬츳Ѿ˰
ɱƷǿߣʮɽ۷ս۷ްܣ߾ǿֹ߽ܣȴ˵߾ǿߡˣֻû뵽ȻμưˡưһԪŵ˰ɬһЦŵӳڽھͺˡ
ǿˣΪλҪμư񣿡ĽͻȻʵ
޷Ǿһְ쾳һˣȴֻ֪˶ǲ֪ġμưôֽᴫ򣬵ʱΪһеıˣ
ĽɬһЦû˵ˣȻţҲΪܹԿ˵ƾǴص۹ǼҲû취Կɣ

Ҷ뿪˴һֵȥȻһ˾޷ԿȴûгǷϾȸָΪǵĿֻǽ񣬶ҪȥǸһ
ҶĿǵһ
ҶҲûоҲûҪϣϢȷˣҲ϶ԷʵҪΪ䣬ǾԲܵġ
Ҷɲֲս˵ˣߣǹϵĸףԣĿưһ
ͻȻҶͣ˽Ųת֪ʱʫ
οҵģҶЦЦ
ʫҡҡͷƣҶվţ˾ţκʫ㲻Ҫ˵İο𣿡
İοҪҶ
ʫŲ΢΢һ٣ָܿԪȷʵʷҲŵϺšҲɵη壬Ϊ츳Ҳ
ҵ츳Ҷȵ⻰ô˵
нڶ̶̵ʱھ˽⣬Ҵﵽ˵ڶأУܹԦޡУһʦʫ
ǰο𣿡ҶЦ
ǰɣ
Ҷ
޻ãҶͣ˽ŲԵŮӣʫýжܹŻȥ
Ҳ֪ʫ̾һư˵ģŻᣬһᣬΪйڡڱưֵطڵ˿޼ɵصŰɱԷˣΪǺϷģ
ڳſǰԵǸӣӦע⵽˰ɣ˵ϣ𣿡Ҷʵ
ʫҡҡͷҲо˲򵥣ҽڵ鱨ϵͳȴûйκϢôʵ֮ϣ
ȷҶϸоΣյϢԵĻýڵȥһ˰ɣȻԷĹɱﵵĻǽβμưĵӿɾĶزȥˣ
ʫ˵ͷȻתͷҶʼգЩʱ򶨣˽֮⣬ǲǻбĵƣ
Ҷ˵ͷȷĻǿܵģҪһǾе㲻ˡĵԼͨڣʹǸһţҲһս
ʫ˵ͷȻĬ
ΪʲôʲôƣҶЩʵ
ʵĻңʫֱҶ˫ۡ
ûԥҶ˵ͷ
ʫǷһĨ΢ɲĻȣһ΢Цٻʢ޵Ĳɷرʫϡ
ʫ΢ЦȻ΢ɲ죬ǱҶ׽ˡ
ʫЦӣĺҶ
ʫƫͷţû˵
뵽ǰǰŮӵһĨ˵ЦݣҶ鲻ԽסʫʫͻȻЩӲ˻Ȼߵʫҡ
֪ʫʲô벱ѸٵķһĨΡ


164 
ȻѾҹǳſڵȻܶ࣬ˣÿʱÿ̶ȺӴ̨ϳ֡
ֵӦò˰ɣſڴӳųţҶӰû֣³
磬Ҷ˵´ǣ˲ûȥ
ҪȥʲôԺȥûȣһԵûĿһӡ
һ죬ڨЦЦ
ʱһɫ׵ĻѲӵſڣһڼʱͻȻͣüͷ壬κ󣬴ɫͻȻȻ˹
ԣʲôͻȻӣΪ׵һ˳ȵ
Եͣ˽ŲԹĿһۣȻһͳ죬Ҽɱҵܵܵˣ
ͳ쳯˿һۣȻû
ҡҡͷҵܵʱǰʮɽҵܾܵ˽ʮɽҵܵʮɽ֮в׵ˣȴͻȻʧ٣ҵܾܵɱģȻΪʲôҪʧ٣
Եĵܾܵǵ˽ʮɽǸԶұʮɽΧĳУȻȴûһ˵Ϣ˷·ͺ˼һ㣬ȷܵܵɵġ
ֻǿϧõʱ䶼ûҵˡòѰˣΪһһȵĵ۶ʼһӿʼˡ
ʣ߾ͨˡû뵽Ȼڵ۶Ӷ
ôͳʵ
Ҫˡ
ͳѵ뵱ֶǳ֣ˣǵ۶
һǿѹסĶֵͷͳ˵ûضɱˣǰ;϶ˡ
ض˷ʦȺӣûκ˸Ҳشص۹ɷ
ΣԿͳ죬Ļѡ֧㣡
ԣͳЦˣȻһʿ֣˵˼仰ʿһˣȻ˵ͷȥ
ֵܣȻǲ˶֣Է˴ص۹ɷأͳƤЦⲻЦ
Կ˻ͳһۣһ˿䱸Ƽһڶ࣬ͳȻҲ࣬ͳ֮Ͼǻ뵱ҪʵҪЩӳԱ֧֡ԭ֧ͳģΪ˱û취ֻܸĻӪ
ֻǶԷۡպСģаš

ڳѰҶӰͻȻһǰĿǻģ¶ε̰ȻһЦǱ°ġԺЩʲôͷƿɺÿ˰Ҫܹ
˻û˵꣬һͷ󵶾ЯƷˡ
ֵȻӣ˵ϷãʱŭɽңҲľǸε˹ȥ
ӾȻſڵһƬȻæ˳һξ롣ڵ۶֣˲ɵƾţư
Ӷ֣ǷһĨЦݡ
ӵĴҪ䵽ͷʱһƾͻȻӵĴ֮ϣһһ飬󵶷˳ȥ
磡һæߵԣû°ɣ
ҡҡͷȻһǵǶɫ׵ĻӣаãԴת׼ʲô취ȻԷѾǰ
ͳ쿴һǰϷһۣȻֿһۣޱ飬Ȼڵ۶£ͨͨ£Υߵնɱ
⡭
ǰ׼ʲôȻǾʱһӰһѪ˳嵹˳ȥ
磡
һæܵԣѾرεĸʱʱһΪӵˡ
һԵСڼӵʱһذ׳ǰӳֵԴ˹ȥ
죡
һ죬СҲ˳ȥͬģ䵤Ҳˣ
ԲмĿСһۣ
컺վתԣ˫ȭգһһΪʲôɵԷһͶ֣ǰǸͻȻֵˣ֪˵һֻ֣ףǰЩػʼһΪʲôҪǳ֣
Ϊʲô˫΢УҲΪʲôҪɱҵܵܣҽԣԶҵĵܵܣ˰ɣ
ԭˣһЦȻԶɱʲô𣿵ҶΪǲɱԶģ˵ԶҲѲ˸ϵ
Ȼɱģı飬ɫҲΪʲôҪɱҵܵܣΪѾûˡǷģҲɱˣһὫеԺȥмˣ㣬ԭҲ㽫ԺģҷˣҾԺȥأ
˷ʱˣʱһԵĻͳüƽʱҲĿŵİԸӶģϾص۹ɷɲǰſģ¶ɾ군ˡʱǷǳʱڣǻӱƽʱһȨǾն࣡
ֻҪӶûʲô˭ֻӶļأ
ЦһȻ֮ǰȽϵɣ˵꣬һҽŶĸ˹ȥ
ûзҲˣ߾ܹġֻлЩʰʣһʾҪˣڶʾǻûüҶҪˡ
϶˵ʱܹҶֻΪʲôҶֱ⼸£ûҶҶǹɸԽԽŨأ
ܶԼԼΪʲôϲҶûȷеĴ𰸣ʱϲһ˲Ҫԭģ
ֻһжҪˣΪܵ߾ǹɿֲˡ


165 ƾ
ԵĽֻвɵľʱſͻȻһĽ֮ȻһɫżƷԵı
ɫ磬õɫ䣬һȻԻٵĵͬģҲᱻСȻԼٵǰŮӣǰֻǷ˾ŮӲֵá
սţһ̤ԱһɣȻԶҪ˭ȻҶԴص۹Ļӳ֣
ԣſ˶˳ڣҪ˭ȻҶԴص۹Ļʼһӳ֣
Դص۹Ļʼһӳ֣ƴص۹ԪŵĵҲҰ
ڽɫʱͳҲɫһ䣬ȻɫһӣЩԱǰγ˳ǹԴ
ڴص۹Իʼһӳ֣˲ǳɵƾǳţƣǺߵĻͲòضԴˣ
˵ĿУҶӰˣҶ˵Ŀ⣬첽ߵԣһ۵ѾȥСӣȻɫ԰׵죬ǸεԲˣ
ҡҡͷȻ˵ҶĻıҶû˵
ǽڵӣʱԳ
ԣҶƿ죬ֲ˲ϵľӨ飬ţָ
˵꣬Ҷתҽ͵һ̤ζԱȥͬʱӿ˫Ŵѥ뼲粽ͬʱʱҶٶʩչ۷壬гļ⣬˸ı塣
Ҷûʷʲô飬ΪѾû壬Ҳû˭˭ΪǸҪҶײ
ҶͻȻ֣˴סˣ죬ЩǴص۹ĻʼһӰʲôʱڵѾص۹ˣ
Ҳһ㶣Ҳû뵽ǰڵӾȻֱӾͶ֣׶ûС㶹֮ԱŭɽңԷԪţ΢ɵ¡ȻԷǽڵӣԷȶ֣ҲûҪˡ
һСС쾳ȻҲ֣ǻòͷ
ܿ죬ɫΪǰ쾳ٶʵ̫ˣ쵽Ѿòɵˡ
ԻɵľʱҶ˫΢Уһһзֱ֮ϣٶȶȻ˲ԵǰȻν¡
齣Ϲ֣һϹŽ֮

ջصʫͻȻü΢һǱལУֻǱལʱҵĲš
飬ڵ˰ڤܵ˷ϲá
䣬ʫһʧ˷֮С

ſڣҶҲ齣ͻıһʫ͸ʱһֱûù⽣ԶһҲɻѡ
ҶɻĶǿ־ӾˡҶٶͻȻӿ죬Ѿ𾪲ѣҶİνһնνһնٶˡôҲ벻һ쾳ΪʲôôֲٶȣܹʩչôֲĽ
ˣҲˣһĨȻȻ۵˹ȥ
Ҳû취ûΪһʼУûԼҶֵľҲʱѣʱ䣬ȡѡֱȥ
ҪԴҪֱۣϵѡҪԴﻹһ˿ңǾǶԷĽһֱܹ˺Ͼ߾൱ھŽ޵ġ

û˿谭ʹ͸ԵֱۣһҡԵĲҽУԵֱ۷˳ȥһѪͬȪһԵֱ۴˳Ϊ׳Ѫȡ
һնԵֱۣҶû֣ͣһԵбϣһУԵϰ͵ø°ּˡ
ԾʶĽұ۵˹ȥ
͡
һֱֻٴη˳ȥѪһء
Ҷٶ׼ٴһʱһǹҶıٶȼ졣
ҶҴ⣬תǹ͵һ

һĽཻڳǹ˿
ǹǹһȱڣͳƤһǹƷƷȻԷȱˡ
뵽⣬ͳ쿴ҶеһۣȻƷǽڲμưĵӣ
ǣҶǰˣӿ׼ʱ
ͳһâȻǽڵӣӦ֪۶ǲ˽Զֵģ㲻ֵ֣ĶҴص۹Ļʼһӣô㽣ѾҴص۹ˣ
ҪȸҰһ𣿡ҶЦһҲգȻ뽲Ǿˡһ£ѵ׷ʲôǾȻҪַϵǣˣҲ˵죬ǰ˵һ顣˵ţҶ졣
һȻǰ˵˳
꣬ҶɫȻͳ죬˵Ŀģ
ڵ۶֣û𣿡ͳԷֻһͨߣȻԷϻǶԷǽڵӣȻûˣôҲܹģҪռУ
Եľ֣Ҫƭ˭Ҷ㵱˶һǰ׳𣿡
ҶͳŭˣҲڷϻһӣ£ҪҪҳеʱѾǰһһŮնɱǵ｣Ҳϧ
ҶЦһȻǽȭͷģУее𣡡˵ţҶһףһö·˻ͳ졣
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166 ս߾
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⸱ӣҶߵѾԵԣԥ̧ŶԵĸһ˹ȥ
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ҶȻˣԶɱģСڿ˵ۣôܲǱ
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Ҷ˫΢УʱסҶֱۣˡȻʱк޲ɱǰЩʼһӣ֪ǸܵġʹҶǷʦҲܣŪãҪҶ
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ˣҶһȻҡͷЦЦ֪ȥĽ֣˵ˣôأ˵ףҲΪҲűۣԣ²㣡
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Ҷٴγ֣˵һĲѴص۹ڵ۶Ȼƴص۹
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ǹٶȼ죬ڳ˸ǹı壬ֻһâƷ죬߾ǿһǿ˹
ҶǷһĨЦг϶͵һ
أ
ǹʱɶٶȲǰ֮£
ͳƤһǰڵӵʵ򵥰׼ٴιʱͻȻͳͫһΪǰڵӾȻѾǰͬʱһǿҵΣ˲ӿ
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һɾǹͳұһ飬˫Ŵŵ泯ˡ
һδ֣Ҷüͷһ壬ڵĺ˶һЩ߾ǿ߻Щ
ҡҡͷȥ⡣Ҷһٴγ˻ͳ졣ȻѾ֣ȻҪˣҲÿЩ߾ǿߵʵҪ֪ưЩǸܹ߾˰
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167 ɱ
ҶȻٴγͳһĨɱ⣬һǹû֣Ҳ֣ǰЩСǰڵӣڽһκ֪СͺпҪˡ
ǹ뿪ͳֺȻһ貵ĹâͬʱǹӰǹбͬҶ
ǹӰ̫࣬ۻңֲĵǹ塣
˿ֲƣһԿϷеæȣ±꼰㡣
Ҷ˫΢գЩǹӰǰʱҶ˫۶Ȼνһ̣

һĽڳһ̣ЩǹӰɢ¶ǹı壬ҶĽǹǹͷ
ͳһݣӰǹƷʩչһЩ߾ҲһܹҵǹģǰȻˣһ˵ɣѴ֮
һΣ׵֮ģǰ굱Ķ֣
Ҷᵽ˽ͨĺôˣǰԷʩչʱûпȥ۲ԷԷͺȻĳУһҲǱܴ̳ġǶԷʩչʼҳȻһϵжǳȻ籾ܣ
ǰĻ˵һʱΪ⣬ڣо⽣ͨĺôֲ
ҡҡͷȥЩҶ̧ͷ˻ͳ죬ûзϻҽ̤أα
ǰǱҪɱģ
ʱſڵԽԽ࣬˲ֹߣдص۹ƼһӡЩڵ֪ǻͳ콻ֵһʦ󣬽ǺǵѡԹۣûǰȥæЦʦɲܹǵġ
ýǽڵӰɣǿʵȻܹһ߾ǿս൱ڲΪ֮һȻ·ڵĵӻǺİ
ʵǿֻڵ۶ص۹ĻʼһӶЩǰȻǻûǿӴص۹ĵزɡǾص۹߾ǿߣɾˡ
ʲôģǿʵǽڽμưģýڻôص۹Ȼص۹Էιڷǰƽȣܹ
˺ˣԶˣǺúÿɣսߣѵһȥǸʲôȤˣ

ͳ콻ΣҶѾ˶Էʵʩչ⣬ɱԷġûʩչ⣬ΪĵƣŶԸưЩġ
Ȼʩչ⣬ҶɱԷģֻҪЩʱˡ
ͳʱԽԽľҶֵڣŷ֣ǵ͹ǰʵʩչʲôǰȻܹһ˲ҵ㣬üζˡ
ռ˾ƣһʬˡ
֪ӶһʦѣһһʵǿķʦǴҲȥԶԸ˵ġ
죡
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УҶֲָŻͳһһƽɫżƷ죬ȥͬʱӿ뼲ѥ֮УһһĲӰ˻ͳǰȻνһն
һΣҶû֣ڽɫļӳ£Ҷ齣֮˺ѣһ̶Ʒ
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䣡
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ҶǷһĨЦгٶȲǰӿ˼֡
֪һ糤һǿ𣿡
ǰս˵ΪξȻ޴ľٶѵ̫սʤˣҲǣ߾ǿߣֱؽ۶˰
ǰսһçײ޴ļһﰡѵкУ

˾ϧĿУͳеǹҶǰڸմҶǰһ̣ͳЦݽסˣΪеǹȻҲһ硭
Ȼͳ˫ԲֻҶǱ齣ѾǰᴩѪǰ˳
˴ľ֪Ϊʲô
׳գҴףҶس˵һ䡣Ȼɵ˵޻ǿ
ҶĻΧ˻ȻԭǴס
ֻǻû۵Ļͳɻţ촽ţƺ˵ʲôǿϧҶûиᣬһ䲱ӴһһѪ˳
ͻȻҶüͷһ壬תͷ˳ڣʱһӰԶӶˣҶ齣ֽ˽
Ϊ߾ǿߣһǴص۹ˡ
Ҷоһůͷһһֻ̧֣ͷһֻǼᶨ֮ɫ
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Ҷһ޴ˣҲһ²ƺĴ֮Ըҵɱص۹ʼһӵˣ̵ġȻǸʦʦڣڼδǴص۹һͳҲֻܰˡ
ڼѾױ۵Ļͳʱ˫۶ʱ죬ɫ˲ȻҶ
䣬һ˲ҶǰȻһҶǡ


168 
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Ҷͫһǰ˵ʵǿҴ⣬ӿȭŶԷȭͷԺ˹ȥ
죡
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ҶĶ֣Ǹ߾ǿһ
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Ҳ˵ʼһǺεȵţҶӣҲʶˣ˭ʼһӻɱʦĵȨػңԷȻҲὲȻԷ׼ˣȻȻɵȥԷ
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СˣҪɱ㣡
УһŭȣȻĳ˱
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169 
һԵĶ׼ǻȻˣŭɽҵĻѾű˹ȥ
ڻǰɵľʱһӰͻȻ˱ǰһӣѾ߾ǿߵĻʱǵ˳ȥ
˲ǱˣǱүүҲҶʦɽ
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170 
ڵ쾳ʵնɱ߾ǿߡ
ڵ쾳ʵ߾ǿߡ
ڵ쾳

ſһսҶһսҶʱһѸٵĴ˵۶вμưŶʼڴҶǺˡ
նɱߣһڵ۶ֵطޱȺҶʵ쾳ʵ߾˵˵ڳſڴЩˣ˶ǲŵģϾ̫ˣ
ȻʱҶָǹ˳ԪŵǸԪͯˣԪдص۹ûнΣ
쾳նɱ߾ȷţرԪȻ˵ҲֻŶѣõӣϾڣԽսŶǣ
ԪӣǹھͲܲˡرǹڣڶһܹնɱ߾ţ˵ɲһϢ
ڵ۶ϴһݹǽеһᶪǰʯϣĿɨһ۵µԵӣҶϳˣʮ뽣ڣ֪ʲôԭ޷ųϱΪ۵ӡȻ󣬴˲֪ʲôͻȻΪߣˣ仹˽ڽūڶʮ㣬ʮ㰡ڼͽǸ˴ʮ㰡ޣȾô
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ݹǿȾꡣ
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ȾһۣȻΪɱ⣬ͿţûоԵʵʱûǵ͵һ㣬ȻôĶ֪
׼һԵĿݹǵȾ˵еޣҶ˵ȷ򵥣˵նɱ߾ڽūĳɼ֪ڽūڶʮһʲôûаˮֵޣǰ㣬ܹûаˮֵ𣿡
ƤһǰȻûɱ⣬ʵҲǼΪǿģҪ˵ޣЩԲġ
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Ⱦüͷһ壬ǵ˵ͷҲգһˡ
ݹǵ˵ͷֵԪλԪͯô
Ⱦ˫΢ų쾳޵еĳš

ٻӣٻǰٻڵ۶ĲҵƽʱٻӾסĵط
ʱڰٻһ仪ĴУʷǰٻľᣬû뵽ҶȻܹ쾳նɱ߾ܷɳȻպضҰٻɲС鷳ȻҰٻ壬ܹһ鷳ҲǺõġС£ưɱŪף
·΢΢ͷֻǵͷһ˲䣬üһĨ桭

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Ҷȡ˵Ϧ͸ƵݸǰĻƣƣɫһ䣬ȻæҶһ񣬵
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ϦЦ廹ܱ嶼Ӧ˵ѹ·ῴһۣ
һ棬˱ԣ


171 
Цһ׼˵ʲôʱһԵҶȵˣʱҶޱķǰµģԹԷġ
ϦƣߵҶԣһЦˣˣūҲˡüĿᣬ·ܹںϡ
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172 
ҶҪԴʱϦȴͻȻƿʱϦۺ⣬ȴǻżòԶɧɲô׾ͽ彻㣡
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ϦҡͷһЦưɱҶʱ𣿰ٻô֣ܲ
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ϦչһЦлʲôɱǣõԽߣҾԽкôưǰʮҾҲ͵͵ڵ۶ˡʱϣҽһˣ

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Ҷ˲ǰ꾪Ϊʱ޷ֻܸܵһɿֲϢԼǰ

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177 
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Ļ˵ͨĿֲڽ֮ϣԭҶЩŵģڡ
һҶһĨɫһŮӲӴ齣ݡһһĨϹ⣬ŷȥͬʱҶҽ͵һ̤أ洫뼲ѥзļӳ֣һӰ齣泯˹ȥ
ҶϲȻ߾ǿߣΣΪǿ֣꣬Ҳᶯ֣Ϊʲôȶ֣
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ʱҶѾ˷ǰû˿ԥʣһݺݵسԴȥ
һһӣһɾҶϣҶػ嵹˳ȥУҶ˫һ̤סΣһԭҪ齣Ȼı˷˲ڵϵ겱Ӵ
ϲģڶԣԴңѹסеķҶŷ
ǰһҶѾ֪ʱĶ֣мŸ߼ڼѪɷ飬ôһŪͷûи߼Ѫɷ飬Ѫɷ¸Ըǰˡ
Ϊ˵ʵ±ʫҪǿһЩ
вңֻսϷ
в㣡ҶЦһͷǲţǾǰһ㿴ҸҲҽԴ
˫΢Уһ߾ǿҲвҪǰһʱһԵ޵£ûġɱӾǰɱҪɱҸұ֤һӶð
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ΣһȻɫɽĵΣɽĵӾͿɱӣͷΪɽ˴ƴһˣ
ҡҡͷͷҲ˵ɽֻ˵Ҷ֣СǾԸɱӵġУС˿ֲʵǽμưģ˵˵ͽܣ룬ղʩչǽǰδҲûˣ仹˭ܹôĽɱ˷˵һʦʦң


178 Ļ
֣ƤһɽеһƴģҪˣǸһġ
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ţԽҶ˵ͽܣΪֻˣп̳ܽôˣ
ΣſӣҲɱ㣡
㵱ǰ׳𣿡Ҷ˵ɱͲɱҪҷӣֶҶ֣һСС쾳ߣ߾ǰô
Сӣôߣ
ʱһԵ޵Сӣſӣ㱣֤Բ㶯֣ôҲҶһʱ嶯ɱ˷ӣΪǾͽ𣬲ǲ˽ġڴһת徵أʵûҪֵǸز
Ҷԥ£һ齣ɻСͷЩŵģΪǰͷڰ˵ȻںпѾзͷˡȻ£ʵûǸҪ
Ǹڵϵ꣬ԷԺʶ࣬ȻȥûҶԷ鷳ʶ࣬Ǿͱˡ
ûж֣һѪ꣬Ȼ˺أǺԼһûΣաǷЩ̲סŭӿҪҶʬΣ
еǣûжֻ֣ؿҶһۣȻζؿһŮһۣŴһʧԭ
ȥҶһû뵤ڣ齣ɻСǰǷ֣ǾǱ¶СһҲҪǷնɱ
һ򵥵ֵ˵ز˰ɣʱһԵŮ
ͱɣҶ˭˭鷳ģ˭ȶֵģ˭öԷصġûǴȵİɣôֻǶҶ֣ɱ֣ͲҶǣƾʲôƾиţүүƾ㳤Ưɣڷϻ̲סɱ㣡
Ůɫһ䣬˵ԴͷһΣ治֪ʦΪʲôˣ䣬ŮӲڷϻŷʦȥ
ŮȥҶЦһϣôΪǵˡ
Сӣò˵̫ӲˣʦɽӲչۣӻҪõģʱһԵͻȻɽȻЩ裬ֻҪƼ»ǣһߵġǰСӣСȫһ߲Ҫնɱİ
ҶҡҡͷлǰԣֻӣĲˣҲġ˵ˣúίӦǰеʵ´ʱѾΪһѻҽˡˣǰŮ˵δŪôŮôأ
̾һСӣӸʦһĳٶ۰ǰˣ㻹֪ɣ
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᣿޵ѵûоѾͷһֱڱɱǷӣҪɱ㣬ҪǷӣСӣ㲻˲Ƿӣ¶ѱΪϷŻ㣬үүǷʦ᳤ѾͷټʮŸ߼߼УСӣܹסʮŸ߼
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˵һ֪ҵݣҲ֪ҵʵҶʵŮ˵ĻҲֲ̫һ㣬ǰһֱΪԷڰˣ֪ԷһֱڱɱеġڻҶȷоһЩԾ
Ϊ֮Զ֣ԼŭɱˣΪŮ˵ĻԵʰ뵽⣬Ҷһð亹Ů˺ÿֲĻ
֪֪ʵҲ֪޵֮Ҫɱеǿ϶ġҲһ޴ļһҪҿɽҲѾͷѾͷҲϲӣǵãѾͷϲѾͷĻֶΣϲƥȥһ᳤ףǲףΪ
ΪҪ˵ʲôΪʲôʦҪΪͽҶʵʲô˼
̰񿴰׳һҶһۣ˼һ˼Ϸҿ֪ʵǸһġڶ˼ඣ̵͡𣿡
ԣҶߣ̵𣿺ðɣε£ֵĵȷЩˡˣҪǮҪǮ󻹲֪Լˡ
ڷʦᣬӦ˵ڵ۶ǧȥǵġһǸղѾͷ᲻֪ʲôʱͻһ鷳һǸСħŮСħŮϾ鷳޵
Ҷʵ
֣һ飬ڵ۶˭֪Ĵ۶һѸ߼Ҳˬը۶ʼһ־ͻͷΪʲôСħŮǴ򲻵ðը˱ˣĽֻǱ˻ҪǸ
˵⣬ͻȻЩˣ˵ڽըҲͰˣڷʦҲըڷʦϼŤͷܣΪʲôΪͻүүүүĽҪǺǡ³ǽͷȻһ
ԣҶЩЦⱦڵ۶ܴ󰡣˵ԺֻҪ˵Ǳʦܣڵ۶ܹߣ
˵ЩˣҴȥʦɣӦÿˣް˰֣Ȼתʦȥ
״ҶҲæȥ


179 үү
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׼ܣȻվǳˣΪѾҶ
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һԵҶĿɿڴʲôʱôòˣ⻹ǸýŷɥСħŮ
ʱ㵵Ҷûע⵽ڱүүʱݺݵس鴤š
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ʱҶҲЩԾˣΪ޴ʱıʵ̫Ծˣ
һԵŮҡҡͷűһĨ֮ɫ
үү˵ҪòУȻᱻүүģ¶һЦݡ
һ飬ĵЦүү㣿ȥԪƽҲİ
Ȼǲֱ˵ġ޿ЦЦүүͷĺܽģүүͨĲǮûˣ㡭
ĿЩˣ޵Ļѵ˵үүᱦ˵⣬ͻȻСͳһ
ҶƤһΪ֣֮УǸ߼
޿ˣŸ߼Ȼֲܹ֮СħŮע⣬ԸġǣǰСħŮҲǲŹģȥҸ߼
뵽⣬һȻһУүүмҵˣ㣡
һԵҶƤһмĽΪеȻǸ߼ģŸ߼൱һԵĵؽǰҲ̫˵ɣүүˡ
еȴҡҡͷүү˵ˣ޹»ñ˶үүѶɣ
ĻһԵҶ㵵°ͶˣȻҪʲôЦŸ߼ǰרϲ˵ıȻҪ
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޵Ȼһˣ˱Ļұ֤һ̣ͻкöɹ
գգۣĿ𣿡
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գգۣޣүүǲԸ𣿼ȻǱүү˵ţС쵽С
ʱͻȻһֱʧԭء
ЦСħŮ˵Ļǽлǽը
ߣĺһȻСͳһǰ͸ݸҶͷСŸŸ߼ŵֻܸһˣ
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Ҷһۣʲôòţҿ֪㲻Ǹʲôӣٻгûи߼ϣԺҪǣǻԴģֻǿϧֻŪ߼ˣүүд˵ģǿϧ
ԣҶЦЦھܾŸ߼Աݣڵ۶Ӧûû˸ģҪղſ˱Сˣ档
ʱһԵŮҡҡͷүүôҸ㣿үүҪǸ㣬ʦЩϣʦ𣿡
ҶҲҡҡͷЦ˵൱ˡ߾ǿ߰Ҳ˰ɣñӵд˵ͬŮ˵ģʦЩ˭ʦ᣿
ǲġ
ͷȻŮӵ֣ҶСۣǰʦ㣬Ҳýʦ㣬ǺรѾǵطʦˡ
Ҷһ۽аŮӣû˵
֮еĽʱͻȻʵ·ǰҶûͻһ㡣
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ҶЦЦȻΪλҪң֪ЩʵǰѾһ֮ˡܸ𣿡ԭǲŮ˵ģǿŮ뱦ǵģʵڲԷ̫ȻҲ̫á
㲻û𣿡嵭
ԣҶȻʧЦҪأ
ûɵ
ҶЦЦǰŮ˷ϻһԲıȥʦɣ
˿壬Ȼֿ˿Ҷʲôûʣ˵ͷҶ¥ȥ


180 ӻ
Ҷһ֮еĳʱҶһ㶣Ȼɫڴ֮УˣЩ˶ʦۣȻⲻص㣬صҶ֣Щͷʦ
ЩͷҶԼʦɽǰթ⣬˶ʶȻЩͷڵΪЩͷʱڴ
Ҷɽɽ˵ͷȻ򱦶ͷȻתܳ˴
ȥɽŵСӣǰǿ㣬ʲô۸òø㷢طʦĻ£ܿϧʦ⣬˶ΪʸܹΪһطʦԣܲܳΪطʦȫԼıˣ
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ҶЦЦǰ˵⣬Ҳ֪ǰʦķģʲôϻ߷˽ʦҲ϶˽ҪһɣǾͿ̫ˡ
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Сӣ츳ȷʵֲܿʦһûܹ츳ֻǣҪΪطʦ͵ܹСӣ˵ѾܹҲƷĭֵ
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ǰʮȴܡ
һƷطʦĻ£ʱλİ׷ͻȻ
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׷΢΢ͷܲҼѾͷ
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Ҷû˵꣬Դͱǰİ׷һ£ǰˣһף
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181 Ļ
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㳡ϳμư⣬ڹ㳡ıԵشվһɫףֳǹĻʼһӡʼһˣȻⲻص㣬صȫ쾳ǿߣ
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ڻʹ⣬ͬվˣЩ˲μưģһμưߵˣǸŮң
һҪ׳󣬻߲˥䣬ҪʲôȻҪ˲ţֻмԴԴϵس˲ţܹǿÿư񣬶ӿֳ꣬ЩЩĵ⣬ĶһЩɢޣ
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ܹʮɽʹԷǱʵҲЩɢ޲ܹõЩҵϿɡ
رڵɢޣõϿɣ
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ԶЩɢ˵ֻҪܹʮɽŻˣ
ڻʹڣػʼѧԺμưĵվǰ棬Ҷɨһ£μưʵе١ԪŵλãֻˣٻѩҲֻͬˣڸ٣ֻˣ΢һ㣬ˣ࣬ʮˣ
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Ҷ΢˼ףЦЦᱻԣԪɳţǻᱻԡ£ԪŵǿҲֻ군ķݡ˵⣬ҶʵΪǽҪɳʮˣ±𣿡˵꣬ҶЩˣΪƺѾˡ
ĽĿҶһۣǽڣɵ𣿡
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ĽʲôֻѡԼʺϵĲõġϲȻǼ뽣á˵ˣҵ츳ڽŶ㶥⣬Ȼңչҵļ塣ȥԪ𣿡
Ҷһû뵽ǰ߰ŮӾȻģԷҲ˵û츳ڽڶ⣬ҪǼԪţҲֻһˡϾԪſǸų߾޵еĳ
Ҷ׼˵ʲôͻȻǸоʲôȻתͷ˻ʹֻʹڵڵ㣬ҶͫһҶʱȻܹӰʲôӰһˡ
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Ȼ񣡡һԣĽɫص
ص۹ةͳ˧ҶһȻȻģˣеǱѵǺȻߣ
Ľ˵ͷȻߣаеģغȻضڼһ˼ӳֳֺ֣Ȼߵˣǻ߾ǿҲҪɵ֣߾ǿУضûмĶ֣
а񣿡Ҷɻǰɴδʲôа
Ľ˵ͷÿһ˵Ϊÿһ϶ӵŲ˼һааǼ¼Щв˼ĵȻߣԾۼغȻȻͬҲ֮еĽ
аϵһʲôҶܺʵ
Ľҡҡͷֻ֪֪еڶǴʼеɽӡɽӡӡɽǳΣҲ֪Ҫ׻ٵһ˿ڵĳл׾ٵģ
ٵһ˿ڵĳСҶƤһ
ұӦҲǰһնɱʮ˵ɱɱڿѾһǳֲľ磡Ľ
ʮˡҶһһնɱģ
Ľ˵ͷȻôɱءǱ˹ģ治֪жԹ꣬ûڣȻҽڲ֪жҪϣӦ˵Ǵ˵е⣬ûһĶ֣
Ҷ׼˵ʲôʱ㳡ԵЩʼһͻȻ뵥ϥ¹ة࣬Ԫ˧
˵һļӳ£ֱǰƣõЩμư궼Ϊ֮ݡ


182 
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һһưĵһִɳһصʮɽ֮УǰЩ𣿴ǽЩ󣬴Ὣ͵ʮɽɽط
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ڶʮɽǱɱǱɱǶԼʵǿԭΪǶ쾳ԣҪ˳üһʮɽ˴ͻرգҪֻܴʮɽ߻ˡ
䣬ȺһɧȴûһվЦڴ֮ͥ߳Ժ
ߣ˭ҲûԸᣬʮɽųǾʹպǰ;׳֦Ͼֿʮɽ֮лųģ񻹴δֹ
վ˼ʮɽǼҲǳΪ˻ͿʵˡһԷģǾʮɽ֮Уϵ쾳ϵߣ
䣬˫΢գӴľǵصӿס˵ˡ
Ȼ˱˵ľ֣ȴûʲôˣЩĸо
ΣͻȻ˫ۣУâһһӣʮɫ߶˼
ȡ
Ⱥ֮УʮüͻȻһѪЩ˫Բ벻⣬Ŀ
ҶʱһԵϦµÿһư񣬶߾߾УҪʮɽ֮жԲμư߶֣ϾЩμưϿ϶Ǵ౦ģˣڵʱɽǾۼޡ
ǾȻô޴Ϊ߾ǿߣҶʵ
ϣ౧ŽˣĽ
ҶҡҡͷΪĽ˵ĺеջǰ˱Žġ
ʮ˺˿ˣưʼ
ȻѾ˵ʼǳȴûǴ߼վǰĵӡ
һأֻĵȽȥӵɢޣܹ룬ȻȻԶҲ߲ˡ
ûĸɢҸҲ
ʱЩĬΪĵҲûΪһν봫ģԪžǴص۹ĻʼѧԺʱԪʼѧԺȴǷǳû໥ڶڣԪػʼѧԺ֮Żֵ
κ󣬴ػʼѧԺǱͻȻ߳һ꣬˴ͬʱļҲǸȥ
ԪΪ׵ԪҹкâһȻ㵱Ҫһ⴫󣿡
ԣǻͣ˽ŲԪҹԪҹûʸ赲ңҪһʮɽʦԪͯ߾֮µһˣţңڳ˶
ǲ˰ɣʱȻһЦ߾µһˣǧˣпܳΪĴڣҿǲ˰ɣҪ֪ǿһǼ治ԪɾͶˣ
ͻȻԪҹЦЦЩ
Ȼüͷһ壬ԪҹЦʲô
Ȼ֪ʦʱںδԪҹֹͣЦͻȻʵ
δȻü
ԪҹЦЦĿص۹ʼѧԺһһɨȻʦ˵ˣӴʮɽɽʵ̫ûʲôսˣѡΧͽߵɽȥʱӦѾ쵽ɽ˰ɣ
ԣɫһ䣡
ɽʮɽϱߵشӴص۹·̡ԶΣҪһ·ϵΣհϻɽ󣬻޵ˣһ쾳ҪЩ޵ĵ̴ﵽɽ˵ʲôΣգѶȿ
˵쾳ˣһ߾ǿҲҰҲֻܹ߾ǿ߲ܰɣ
ڣһ쾳߾Ȼˡ
һԵҶҲɫҲܹҲǸǰߵɽȻûСһڵĻ¹ƾеˡȻǲµģ޾ͲܹԿˡ
ǸԪͯѾܹޣǴ˴ư֮ͼ˰
Ҷɫ⣬вμưɫˣȻûǸԪͯƾԷһٶҾ͸ܵĪѹڣ˴ư񣬻ǷĻ
ȻһԪҹһۣȻŻʼѧԺļ߽˴֮С
ص۹봫ԪҹЦЦȻҲ߽˴
Ԫص۹ʼѧԺ봫Ŀ⿴˰ٻѩٻѩ֮ìܣ˶֪ģôˣ˭Ƚ봫󣬾һˣϾǹϵ棡
˶ڵһǰ˽ŲͻȻԵȾסҡҡͷ
üͷһ壬Щ죬˻ȥ
˻ȥٻѩ˵ĿŴ˻ȥٻѩȻԪص۹΢һ㣬ȴǹڴʱ˿ܹȵģڲʶȤǲ⵱ڵһѵ


183 ɱ
ĬΣܿ죬ٻ˴İٻҲæȥ
ͬʱѩȻΪļҲ˴
ܿ첢һ
ߵǰʱٻͻȻͣұߵȻϴҰٻȽ봫ξñѩɣ
Ȼû˵Ҳû£űѩֱӽ˴
űѩʧڴ֮УһŮӲʦ㣬ΪʲôҪǱѩȽȥһΪҰٻѩ
ҡҡͷƽʱǵȻñѩֻڲͬҰٻѾ˶෽ңνʮɽ»˻ᰵжǳ֡Ȼѩһֱ໥ȴУʵûҪΪһ֮ˡ
ŮһĨǣʦ㣬ǲʷﳤǡ
һкҵţ˵һ䣬Ȼ˴
Ůӵһ̾Ҳȥ
ٻѩʮɽĿ˹뽣ڣһֱ˶Եڡ
ȻڵʵûԪԼǰǿ󣬵ǺʣʹѾûĽҲܹƵġ
ûǰǰĬڰٻ˽봫󣬹ڵ˾Ѿ˽Ųֱ˴ȫӽڵˡ
ߣ˾ͽһҲæȥ˵ǽڵĴĿ֮ʾڣ
״ҶĽҲȥȻð˾ͽ٣Ǵʱɲ˿ЦȻҶǿʫϣȻϣԽ͵Խã˭˭ûһ塣
뽣֮ĶԹǿν֪ģڴͥ£ڵ˸ϣѵһ
Ȼڼ˾ͽٴŽʱΪ׵ļ˵ͣ˽Ų޿˾ͽ٣еΣôһֱڶһ룬ǳӲˣ
˾ͽҲʾޣҪΪ˽޵ˡҽھҪȽ봫ҪǲǵȻȻ
ͻȻЦЦƬ̣˾ͽ٣д˲мƾ㣿
䣬ͻȻһӰ˾ͽ٣˾ͽƺ׼޶һ̣һڳһѩ׽˲˱ޡ
ڵ뽣ڵ˾ȻһƬȻȻ¶˷֮ɫ˵ŵЩɢǲܱģлῴŵӾǺѵã
֮ϣ񵭵ĿţûгֹûֹΧЩʼһȻֹ
˵ĿУӰײһ
죡
һըڳ˾ͽǵȻɢӰٶȲ˾ͽ١
״˾ͽɫ΢΢һ䣬һгһӰޡ
죡
һǷֿһ̣˱ٴγŶԷȥ
ǰС˾ͽ٣ҶԣĽųмս˾ͽޣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷò˵˾ͽȻôʵǺܲģΪʱ˾ͽٲû·磬ѹ޵ơȻɱ⣬ʩչɱ⣬һ档
˭ܿ϶˾ͽûʲôأ
˾ͽ޵ļսһЩ߿ʼ̸š
ΪŵӣʵǱһЩ߾ǿ߻ǿ
ǰһΪԼЩŵ֮Ĳ಻ڿԼȫ˼ҵĶְνʮɽϣҪŵӣȻСҪʮɽˣ
̨ģŵȻʵǿȴǼŵʮɽЩɢ޳ֵģֻҪǲȥǣǲԸǵġΪǸ첻ʲôвǵĿֻ꣬ǴڵʮɽŻѣ
ҲǣЩСඣôᱻŵӷأ

죡
һըֻ˾ͽ˸ʮɡ
޴ʱɫΪѿԭΪֻҪغϾܹԷģû뵽ûнԷԷѹƣǶ˰
뵽⣬ӿһĨһһѪľ޸Уž޸޳ǰһ޸̧ϣңָ˾ͽ٣һӽ㣡
䣬һͬʱһɿֲȻڱӿεʱޱȽϽ˽˲ܵһɭ亮⡣
ɱ⣡
ȻǴ˵еɱ⣡
ǿɱ⣬˾ͽΣˡ
ܵʩչǹɭ亮⣬һƬ⾳ⶫΪɶڴ˵аû뵽ξȻܹۼ
һԵҶҲɫ΢΢أɱ²Ľ⣬ȻʱѾ۷壬ɱһأԴʱ޵ɱ첻вġҲС
ͷųεʱ֮ϣԭ˫۵İͻȻ˫ۣޣֻǿһ۰ջĿ⣬ɱⲻϧˣ˵꣬±˫ۡ
Ѿˣڰԣ˵ֽûʲôô˸ɱʵҲܺ棬ӵɱ⾿ôģҪ֪ڴص۹޼ɵɱˣҴص۹ûв֪ĵҲΪˣҲźھôɱģ
ţվһͻȻ˫۵
ɫһ䣬ԣ
ҡҡͷ±˫ۣ
·ܵǹɭ亮ʱ˾ͽҲɫһ䣬ȴûк£Щ˷뼤ʤѾɱĹ֣ڽڵĵλ˲ΣĽŮҲԺ
뵽⣬˾ͽһӿΧһεľһ֮ϣ˸Ŵ۵Ľâ
ĳһ̣˾ͽͻȻڿգһɹɽâ˸ţеĳһ㣬
ǽڵؽƷǧй⽣
ҶԵĽɫأ


184 
˾ͽٻգһһһȣѪն䣬о޸˾ͽ͵˹ȥ
Ѫ뿪ֵһ̣һʮӴľ޴ѪâͻȻѪ˼Զ˾ͽ١
ѪâʵŨŨѪζʹҲܹŵ
ֲĲѪâ޶ȥǰѸͷͷٶ֮죬õڳвμư߶Ϊ֮ɫ
ٶȿҲͰˣҪ
ͷ֮ѣһʮɳĿ֮С
֮ϣ˾ͽҲһĨһȣ·͵һʱһʩչǵѪâĽ佣⴦ͬʱ˾ͽͻȻϸСЩһ㣬ǵصޡ
죡
Ѫâײһڳһ˶Ȼ㳡ǼӲĵذ˲䱬ѿһֱ۴ֵѷ첻ϳӡ
ȻǱȴһ·˾ͽٵǰͬʱ˾ͽЩĽҲ޵ǰ
ǰΪʩչǿʱʮһζܣζԿʱ˽ɫ䣡
ʱһͻȻǰһӣһѪɫܳǰ꾡Ѫɫ֮ϣܿ죬Ѫɫܳѷ죬״һǰһ̽
졭
ײһը
˾ȣ˾ͽͬҲ˾ȣ˾ͽٵĵȻҶ˾ͽٶ£ҶôȥҶɲʲôԵ±Թˡ
˾ͽٵĽԭĽϣҶȥȵģȻ֣Ҷû˼ΣֻԳˡ
ȻҲϲ˾ͽ٣ԹʱнڵӵĶԹ÷£
ڳֻҶܹʵֵһҶ֣Ȼܲˡ
ڸֻвһʱĽǰ֪ʱгһһһ˲䲻֪˶ٽ
졭
޸ɶء
ǰһǰһ̽ǱͷȱУͺĽ͵еһ㡣
Խڵҹڽ봫ÿһư񣬽ڶҹ֮һ죬ҹȻҪȽ룬λǿΣ
ԣɫһ䣬ǴӦǽڵɾҪǶˡ
ʲôʱ˾ͽŭȵ˵ȽȽ룿
ԣһԵĽҡҡͷǰ˾ͽ̫ûˡѵΪǿǸ
국Ŀ˾ͽһۣȻתͷ֮е˵ة࣬˴ֹɱ˰ɣ
ֹ˵Ŀһ֮꣬Բų˴Ϊ˽봫ʱư֮ѾֻҪб£ɱ
֮ĶԹص۹Ȼȥڣ˫ԽԽã
ֹͺãʱҶͻȻȺ֮˳ĽԣȻǰѾ˵ư֮Ѿֹɱˣǽڵǻڵʲôֻˣʮˣ˵ʮ򲻹
ʳǾ仰ʱҶ֪ڵ͵ˡ֮ǰѾӦʫԵĻչһ½ڵӡû취ʫҪûڣڵӾҪչˣڳ֮УܹԿǰģֻĽˡ
Դ󣬶ʵˡȻһҪԭǾԵĻǿԾɱ˹ڼ˵ġΪʮɽ󣬴Ҿͻᱻֿýڵ˵Ϲڵˣ˾ͽٻĽ⣬Ŀ¶׶༪١
ֲһˣڴһ𣬿Խšһɣʮ˶ԿˣӮĻǻμӸʲôư񣿻ؼˡ
ҶĻһԽڼһܿͷӦ˹ߵҶԣ˳ĿⲻƵĶŹڼˡ
ɫһ䣬ĿҶǸڵ۶ſڻɱ߾Ҷ
Ҷһ齣Уңָûʱģһ仰ҵȼȽ󣬻ս
˫һУ˸ɭ亮âǺţҲΪаջɱǰնɱ߾ҶԲܵеù潣ʮˣʹһʦܣҲǲܡ
һ㲻ã˻ҪȻҲŪ߰ˣֵ
ʮɽЩ˷ֿȫԲһ˾;ɱ⽣ڵˡ뵽⣬Ѿ˾
겻ҶЦһȻŽڼ˴ǽڵӣԻ᲻һнǣԣȻȥΪ˽ڶƴЦôģǼǵ÷ǳ
ҶԵĽ촽ţʲôҲû˵ǻۣʱҲҶ뽣ڵĹϵƺЩһˣȻҶԸӦǻ᲻һнڵģҶû
ҶϵĻûĽԷ㲻ãҪڵӣ
ֻǿϧᰡĽһ̾
ŽڵһԵĹ޷Ⱦʦ֣Ǿǽȥ𣿡
Ȼأ국ˣܹսĹʮˣ
ȻȴûΪܹնɱԷʮˣҪ֪ǰѾʩչɱ⣬ǱԷǸ˾ͽٱƵͬھڽ棬Ǹ˾ͽٺ񻹲ǿġ
ֻЩİš
֮ϣҶ˽봫ǰ˫ۣ˼Сӡ
ڵ˽ʮɽ󣬽ǹڣȻڣڽʣµľͲȺˣȫһӵϡ



185 
ڲμư߽봫һ̣ͬʱԶ֮ɽһɽУͻȻһŭҵزָޣ˷ɢȥ
һ̣ɽˣͬһš
ޱڣǰ㳡ǰƣһ߾ǿߵ
ɽǧһɽ֮ϣۼҵĴˣ⣬һЩͱ뺷ĿĴ󺺣ȻЩǻޣ
ưֻ߾µµ޲μӣ߾ϵǿߣϵ޽ɽǶԸЩ˵һѡԣ޶š
ɽ֮ϣ߾ǿޣǵľӦԸܵɽһУֻҪ쾳ϵ˳֣ǻڵһʱ֪
ӣ˵Ԫųһʷĳɽ֮ϣһ󺺿治Զһɫ۵ˣʵ
ӵ˿˿һۣʷ˵ǧϣ
ԣΧĴǿһۣǿĺܰ
󺺹һЦӣ㻹μư񣬲زţҪزʮɽ֮УǿɾͿϧˣ
ֻҪ㻢ߵʵɱǣӵֻǻߣвף㻢һ񾡳Ͳ±žնɱ𣿡
ͻȻЦֱΣͣӣ仰Ӧ˵ǣžˣѵͲ޵۹ľǾɱڴǰ㣬δڣ޵۹ͻˣ
˭ɱ˭ĿԴӵ
ĿһһɨȻЦӣŽһ£޵۹ЩȷΣգǿϧЩŻŽһ𣿡˵Ŀ⿴һ۽ڵڵĿݹˣ˵ģ˵ڣڻֶԵУ
ʱݹһߣ֮»ֲ޵۹ܡԸЩҪֻҪ޵۹ʹթɳУҸұ֤޵۹ɳľĹ⣡
ݹǣû뵽ʮ겻ʵû٣֮ǱǿٲٰߵĿ˿ݹһ۵
ݹǻ׼˵ʲôʱͻȻҵȲҪѿ֮ˣư֮ҲԼ֮ˣֻ˵ʵȻʵȥս޵С
ԣݹ뻢߽ǳĬˡ

ʱҶɫصĿһͷʮһͷ޻ͷ޻ͣееֻжϻɽͷͻҪ޵ʵһ͵ĴСģȻСһָ
ǰͷ޻ӴʵȻ˵ġ
ȻҶ£ֻǾЩùոձ͵ʱͱ͵ͷ޻ǰΪӦ죬´ʱѾͷ޻̽ˡ
ҶûʵˣڿɲǰΧߣͷ޻ܾˣʮа˾Ҫ˱ġ
ҪٻСһʱǰľ޻ͻȻһŭһˣһɽһѹҶ
ҶƤһҲҽ̤أڿն
죡
޻һ˿գ˵棬ʱһһ޴ӳ˵֮ϡ
һδУ޻ŭˣͷһХ˫͵ڵ棬һԾٴκݺײҶ
ξ޻ٶȱϴοһҶ޿ɶ㣡
޻ٶȣҶͫһÿٶȣٶȱССҪడ
ȻܶܣǾֻӲˣ
УҶһĨɫֽճȭһȭϣţھ޻Ҫײһ̣һȣȭͷ͵سž޻Դ˹ȥ
죡
Ҷյɳȥ֪˶ԶҶֱӻһڵ㡭
Ǿ޻ҲûֵôͷϳһȥȭӡԱǰײҶٶȳºݺݵȥһӴֱݽ˵֮
Ҷغ󣬿ݽľ޻ɫ΢΢أǰ޻һȻ£Ѿ޴󰭡ʱѾޣǰһν棬ԣ·硣
ɴ˿ɼʱɽ֮ежǿЩ꣬Щһ
ҡҡͷЩ˼˦УЩ鲻õĵġҶѾӿľ޻СһһϣаƾԼʵԷǴʱҪʵģϾ滹δ֪Σգѡսپ
ҶĻգգۣȻԶľ޻һεѹ˶Է
ԭ׼ٴιľ޻ܵѪѹʱȭͷ˫֮е׹ʱʧת֮Ǽɵ뾪֣Ӵ֮⣬ҶǾ㵵ķ֣Ȼɪɪ
Σ޻˵ϣһģ
޻ģգգۣȻҶСצҶԴ
ˣҶûعһޣССҪǿޣСһǰͳˣ
ΣҶعˣһСһЦСһɱòãȻҲշֻޣûǣοģǾҪȡʮֻ޵ڵ


186 
ҶĻһԵľ޻ĸˣĿ⿴ǰ֮ɫ
æҡҡСԴʾҪɱ
ҶЦݸˣСһҲɱŻȥҲҪʧܵģ
ҡԴƺֻСצȥץҶԴȻʹҡ
˺ˣǲɱ˻𣿡ڻҶε
ԣϽСצһӣȻһϹסڵϵͷ޻ҶеڣǰģҶƵġ
ľٶҶЩЦʵǰҲֻǿЦھ޻һ̣ѾɱԷһͷ޴ְԴûżУҪߣΪĹϵ޲ûжУЩøС
ҲоСһ̬ȣǾǲϣɱޣȻţ޲֪ҪɱСһﻹǻվߵġ
ڵ⣬ʵ⣬ȻɱޣǱ˲ɱҪ֪ǻˣޣɱЩ࣬ڣٻˣȤ
ͻȻҶüͷһ壬һ齣Ҳʮһžȥ
죡
ȻɢһӰ˳
ˣҶ˫΢УһУ齣ɻһϹɻУ˲䷭ˣٻ£ˣ˲ǱˣǴ˴ΰٻμưĵӵĴ£
¿Ҷе齣þĿؽʵȴŻҪǿడ
ˣҶٴγʵɲϣԼܱٻ֪ȻԺ󶼽᲻ð
Ҫ𣿡µ
ҶǷһĨЦȷһҲҪ
Ҷ䣬һһӰ£齣ն͵һһɫ¡
ڰٻˣһɱһƽʱȻóȻ֣ڡڿǺûᣡ
ҶͻȻ֣Ҳȣǰһ̽һö۲ɼٶҶǵɫ
죡
ɫ˲ƿµö꣬ȻٶȲ¡
״һĨ𾪣Ľԣ˵ţٴһӣһöٴμΣöٶȱǰٶȸˣҲǰֲࡣ
죡
ǰһɴɫ뻨꼤ײһը߻һ˳ɢ˿
ʱҶѾǰûκηϻԥν϶͵һն
һ磬绹Ҫ죡
ȻһȻˣ
˵գΪһնһ㷢
عǰҶνһնʱֻͻȻ컯ɢ䱾Ҳǹسʮ֮⣬ͬʱ仯Щһ־˵ٶȣҶиȥ
˶ϵľ룬Ҷ޷ܣֻЩ伤ϣ
죬죬졭
Ҷϣͬڷűһ㣬һը
ԼͷҶϵ㷢ǱеҶÿĽֻǾ㱾硭ͻȻ仰Ȼֹͫһ
ֻҶЩõ·Ȼ
ЩȷǿҶ˵ЩϾѾһ޻Ҫǿģ
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ڶͬʩչʱʧܣ
ǿ¿ҶԭһֱС㣬˵ģƾ˵һСвҺܺ棬ڻѾûޣУҲһЩģôģ
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Ҷüͷһ壬Է̬ƺе㲻Ծڲϸ
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ǰһ㣬Ҷνһն
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죡
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Ҷûлػò˵ǰŮ˵ʵĺǿ˶ЧҲ䵲˻ԷڿǷƵҶ֪Էδ棡
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΢ƣϵһ¶һĺţȻҲ֪㵽׻ʲôƣҿԸ㣬Ҫӣ߾ɱҡ
䣬嶸Ȼʧԭأ䱾ѾĳԶʮ⣬һϢʱ䣬ӰǳʧҶУͬʱԶ˹˴ʱϱһǧĴڵˣ㽣ڵȫ⣬ÿȥ
ʧǰҶЦЦ˵ڣɱСһһСһǿֲ¾߾׷ϣȻ㲻˲ƣСһ˲ƲҲǺܶˡ
ܹ׷ϵģ
ʱͻȻָָԶʧĵطȻСצʹĻ˻ӣƺ˵׷ϡ
ҶСԴЦ֪׷ϣֻûҪˣ˵ʼֻǲ²ǰŮĸʲôϵŮһ϶˶Է϶ĸйϵ
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վԭسĬΣҶһ̾һϱ߷Ӷȥ
˼ǲܽڵģڽưǰӦʫԵĻһ½ڵӡΪʫ֪мԦ޵


189 
ȻȥϱߣҲȫȥȽڵĵӣϾɲЩμưĽڵӵĵ衣ȥʵҪǿûʲôộΪСһԵʣɱȡ޵붼ˡ
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Сһ˼ʱԼ˼·̣һ·ϵҲһЩޣΪСһԵʣԶԶƿˡ֮ԲԷշҪΪСһ￴ϡ
Ҷ֣޵СһԽԽˡ
ָһٶ·ͻȻҶͣ˽Ųǰ治Զ
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ȻҶĲʱ
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ҡҡͷҿ͸㿴ǰֵܵ龰ге㾪⣬ûаɵ䱸Ҫ֪ԵĿһֻްȻܹһҲɵ䱸ʲô
һηηβҿʲôҲ㲻ȥɱȥֻǴϵĶȫҵģ˵꣬һҶ׷˹ȥ
ɫһ䣬Ҳæȥ

ڸ·ҶǸоʲôͻȻͣ˽ŲȻתѾԶɵꡣ
ԷҶЩ죬£
ɿҶе齣һḬ̃ҶʻҶеǰѽϴɽ佻ҿһվЩǵģûֱӶ֣ΪҲǰ˵ЩֻʵڲԸһֻ
Ҷһ㶣Էģ뵽⣬ҶȻʧЦҲڸԷϻһ˲ɵǰȻνһն
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˲ϢüһѪֹ˲Ϣü䴦ֳ룬Ѫһء
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ڵ㣬һΣ翴Ҷֱ׵
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˵⣬˶٣һ۵ɵʬ壬ԭһΪԶﴫڿǸʲôţʵ


190 ޻
Ҷ磬ò˵ܴҲʶʱ񡭡˵⣬ҶкâһΪҲŸҪɱ㣬ΪˣָʲôʱͻȻҧڣ
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Ҷ⣬СצһӣһϹ˲ڷܵǰ羪⧲ղסţͺԼײǵϹһ㡭
죡
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ʱҶѾǰȻνһն
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ΣֻͣȻͷս
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Сһ£ͷ޸Ҳƴȥ׷
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˴ʱԴһʺţΪʲôܿ죬뵽ʲôתͷһۣҶĿʱͻȻЩʲô¸¿ǽڵӣµ۶Ĵ֮һ壬뽣ЩԨԴܹһѡ
֪ͷΪʲôȥǸý꣬Ҳ֪ͷΪʲôͻȻӿٶȣһɱǲݵģֻ֪һ㣬ǾһоԸǰýйϵԥĳ̡
ĻҶȻʧЦϾȻƤôˣǰԷͷʱɺû뵽뽣ʲôϵȻʹԷʲôϵҲûȤԷһʮ塭
Ҷ޶ԣ˼ˣּæǰ˲ԣֻ̨Ҫ̨Ը˱ضлҲضл
Ҷҡҡͷǰ浱Ǵ𣿵ˣˣҪʲôлڼлʵ˵һҲϡʱ۹⣬Ҫؽףߵؽϲܹۣ
Ǹʲңõؽл
ܿ죬˽ڽڰˣҪͷŪʱʮͻȻԶӶ
ʮͻȻһҶ˫ֽ˽еĽ


191 ȣ
ʮȻɢ޻ӵܣΪʮ˵ĴŲĴţ
ʮ˺ܿϵԱߣΪ׵һüӿһԵҶһۣȻһӣʮ˶ʱԼԼͷӰΧ˹ȥʮ˵ͻȻ룬ս˲תͷӰĽڽڰˣ
лֵܾ֮ڳųüӱ˱ȭм
üЦЦͬΪ࣬м֮˵⣬üӶ˶٣ȻһԵҶ̨ճǽڵӣ
ҶҡҡͷȻʮ˵Խסˡ
ԣüüͷһ壬̨ʲô˼
ʱһԵԹĿҶһۣȻųüӵ˵˼䣬֪ʲôüƤһҶһĨ˷뼤֮ɫǰ¼Щ̨̨ʲôطЩɵ
Ҷ˳üһۣȷУ㲻ãˡ˵һ飬ס֣ЩӰСһָʹȥ׷˵ģ仰˵ЩӰѾСһСܣСһȻܿЩԼСܱնɱˡ
ҶĻüüëһһą̂Ӧ֪ҵȽʮɽǰöڵԸЩѿҲԸȻ̨Ըǣöڵҿָ̨һö
ҶҡҡͷڷϻΪֻӰѾһֻˣһҶһǳǳĲӰսС
ȻҶʱǳüԤϣҲһҶǰٶ֮죬Ҷ֮ϣ
ǰӵסԼҶһҲľǰνһ̣
Ҷνһ˲䣬üͫһоҪȻѾ
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193 ţ
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195 ꣡
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죡
ȭͷ뽣ײһཻƾձ˱ıˣ껹û˼ϹǺ׵ǰ
һĻһ飬ʵ̫һ㣬ϹȻ޷˺鷳찡ҲǼǿʹǿȣһ£Ҳܣ
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һ죬վ֮˲飬ҶʮȴֻȻʱ꿴ҶĿ⣬ȴûǰǰӣеֻ档
ԼʮҶҡͷԼ޵۹֮еЩȻǲడԺʱ䣬ȥĻˣ
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죡
ȭײһһ̣Ҷ˫ֱ֮УҶΪģһִѷ죬Ѹٵسɢš
ʱҶɫޱأΪѹ˫ȭ֮ʱоǸһ˵һɽûнɫļӳ֣ƾܲסһţ
׼ٴʱ֮еҶͻȻһȣԵ֮м궥
һٴնҶ˲䱻ѹȥ
죡
һҶֱ˵֮У
׼׷Ȼ뵽ʲôһԵһۣĿⲻƵĶƤһԥһ£վû׷ֻһһԡʵǲԸֻصСһ
죡
ҶʱҶǱͷȫ£ȫãûʲôƣ
Ҹղֻɲ꿴Ҷ⻹ûָʱ򣡡
Ҷ˵ͷұóϣϣҪǿ࣬ھսһɣ˵꣬Ҷһ齣Уͬʱһɽ͵ӿסꡣ
ܵҶĽʱɫˣ⣬Ȼǽ⣬࣬ǰȷЩСˡҪƾսʤңҸ㣬̫ˣ


197 ꣡
ŽҶڼʩչ⣬Ҷ˵Ʊޱȣ齣֮ϣżмƽɫâڵϣÿˣǻڵĽ
齣
һȣҶֽһʱɫ齣⴦ͬʱһһӰꡣ
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ɫĽڽļӳ£ĸٶҲӿˣʮɵľ룬һǰ
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죡
Ҷɫ˲ɢУȴɫ΢䣬Ϊȭͷ֮ϣٴγѪۣ
ǽ⣬Ȼ˵һ䣬ȻһҶ
걩Ҷ¶ɫν͵ؾһڽɫӳµ齣һֳ̣ĿֲһʵĲӰǿռ䶼Щ
겢ûжһҲûȥһһԴһȭֱֱضҶؿں˹ȥ
ҪˣɻͷҶһȻǲŶԷô޴ˣȻˣǾǶԷԼķ㹻ˡ
뵽⣬ҶٴμӴ˼֣ͲŶԷԴôǿܹһؽɫӳֵһ

ҶһֱֱͷϣȻеԴֳĳûг֣෴ģҶ齣˻
죡
ʱȭͷҲҶһܵĽӴһȭУҶɫ䣬˲˹ͣ˫Ŵŵ浹˳ȥɳ˽ʮɺͣʱҶǴһĨʺ컺
ǶͷһԼһĽۺȻĿسȴûѪ
꿴Ҷ״ΣأԳһ壬ǿĵطͷҵͷʹһǿҲ˵û뵽ȴǱƿˡйȻǽԵʣ룬ǽɫҲǹƣǽɫഫ˵е𣿡
˵һʱ䣬ҶĿǰڶԷͷϵһѾʧʱĶͷѾ֣ʹҶɫٴ
ԭԷԳһ壬ѹʵǿҶ΢΢ͷҵǱ
𣿡Ȼ΢΢ͷѾҪˣˣ࣬Ҳһ⣬ţ֮䶼кܶҪʶԷ
ҶһᣬȻ޵۹һʵǿǿ
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Ҷָָϵ֮еǸΣ
գգۣȻ꣬СצצϣϹ֣
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국ĿҶһۣûǲɱ޵࣬Ҷɱ㣡
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ҶЦЦ֪ⷬǶ˵ģǶ˵ġȷվߣֲѹļֻ⣬Щ޻սʲôֱͶɡ
ߺҶֻ׵ʨ˳ǰֻȻҶ˫۷Ź⣬Ц⡣
ڵѾӵоֻޣֻްʲôȻ˵еˣΪʲôΪĵǰٻ˵ֻޣǾʮֻûá
뵽⣬ҶЦʧԼվ̫˰ڵʵ޷ٻԿȻպܹٻĸܹȵǸʱ
ǲܵģ
򵥵˵ҪưһΪֻжưһܹȡʱ䣡
Ҷһкâһ¶ᶨ֮ɫưһ˭ңұɱ˭
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ǿǽ˲ٿأȴܹڿѾӵ˽飬ҿƷ׶ڵؽƷǵؽƷߣʵضѾնɱ˲ޡҲ
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׼˵ʲôԵһͻȻʦ˵ĶԣһᣬǲܷŹؽ׵齣ڣûмѵؽ׵
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˵꣬һȳҶ˹ȥһ̣Ҳæʩչȥ
ԥ£վûѡ֣ʴȣֻûҪˣȻԽڵӳ֣ǸΪ˽ڵӣԼͬų֣
ڵӶһ̣ϹͻȻ׵س˵ǰס˵ȥ·
ͻϹõɫ䣬Ӧ죬Ϲֵһ̣æʩչ˼ɾ룬ǵϹ⣡
ԵڵûôˣϹ˸ţ
ɫ䣬˵һοֻǰֱӵСһ


199 㾹Ȼ˽⣡
ǰɴȻСצһӣһϹֱǰΣûֹͣСצϼӣʱ䣬оͳ˽ʮϹ⣬ûֹͣ
ϹԼǰûɥʧӦæʩչ֣Ȼӿγһ޶ܣԼǰ
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һڳ޶΢΢һת˲족һѿȻϹֱӺ֮ϣ
죡
һըһƾղϯ׵Ǳ˺ĵ˳ȥ
Ȼɳȥһ˲䣬һϹ⼫س󡭡
һĻһԵ󺧵Сġ
е⣬һ̣ܵϹ֮еϢɫ˲䣬ȻʱѾû취ˣֻȥӲϹˣ
죡
ǰɣǰˣȻǰһ㣬ǰɵһ̣һϹǰ
Ѿ˵ʱоӿ־ˣ֪ʱڰһϹ⣬û
վþģΪʱŮѾǰŮֳһһӰ˴żƷһϹ⡣
죡
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գգۣ׼ٴλСצʱǸоʲôͻȻͣСצ˳еҶ
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ҶϣһۣУ벻˼飬ֻǿɫСһȻһལڵһ
ܿ죬ûʱˣΪҶѾǰҶиּɵ־֮ɫʱѾˣ˵ǰֻǿɫСһǰ쾳նɱ߽ĽڵǶ֣˵ӵĻᶼû
Ҷɨһ۵ѾˣȻشı־ͣ£ڣ
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һԵԥ£վûнԼڵóΪоǰҶĲɱڣҲ֮һ
Ҷӹöڵеöڵ΢΢ҡҡͷȻбʮһŴ»ѵҪ𣿡
ҶĻһԵɫһ䣬оȻˣǾȻû֣Ҷȴˡ

Ҷ䣬һЦдȻһ°ɫ۵ӳ˴棬һҶӶʮɵľ룬ֻ˲ҶǰҲԡ
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ڤûǿҶҶǰ£ʦʦǵĲǣѾλʦܣȴʧöڵ˵׬ˣ¾ʹգ㿴Σ
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ʱһԵͻȻڤʦ֣ϻ㿴ͷǱɫĽûǾǵؽϣУʵϱضڵܹԦޣްܵõķǡ˵⣬˫֮еĻȷ·Ҫȼ㡭
ĻڤһҶͷϵ齣ȻֿһҶϵΣһȻҶܱǸҸı⣬Ľķ˵ҿʹһ㣡
һԵ촽ţվʲôҲû˵֪ʱ˵ʲôûˣֻվԼʦߣ
ڤĻҶЦЦô㲻ʶ˾ͽղŲ˵ƻ֮ĹϵôҪҳˣ
ڤ˫΢У֮䣬ûԶѣֻԶ棬𣿸һλᣬǰȻһҵֶλڵˣԲ볢ԣ
˵ˣҶҪ˵ʲô
Ҷʼ磬һ齣һϹɵ΢΢̧𣬳бָڤǰҸͻƣȱһڲȱˣһһǣ
䣬ҶȫƶȻһ䣬һ͵ɢ˫վ˲ѣͬʱһҿֲ糱ˮӿڤˡ
ʱҶͷ·һʵĽǰƣ·Ҫ춼ͱ
ҶƶȻıܵǹεڤɫ䣬رڤǰϸ¶Ĳмסˡ
⡭ڤ˼ؿҶ𾪵ôܣ⣬Ȼ˴˵еĽ⡭
ҶûԷϻˣڽɫӿ˲齣֮Уϻ̧ĳһ̣Ҷһȣ϶¶ڤ˾͵һ


200
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䣬ɫ齣⴦һεĽҶκһεĽҪٶȶҪ죬ΪؽӳµĽ
ǵģʱҶѾǶؽˣؽ⣬ҲǽСԲ
ɫɫ磬ż̶Ʒڤ˼ȥ
֪Ҷڤ˲˿⣬ڤǰ̤һһĨһǣƾ㣿
˵꣬˫ƽӿϣƷ˲Ϣ˫һȻ͵ض˹ȥ
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ڤһȣһӡͬһڤ˫ƴϼͬһЩӡһһ䣬һ϶ûС
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ΪڵƳʱбǳһ֮ǵƷ
ڤʩչʱһƿǵؽƷȻڤȫķԸҶ̺ŽɫǿԵġ
˵ĿУɫһŵƻײһ
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һĻڤ˴󺧣ȻѾˣΪѾֱǵǰ
˶ڵһʱڼԼ֣Ȼ
ɫ׾ٵرƿ˵֣ȻֱӶ˵壬ɫûɢԶȥ䵽ʮԶһɽһܵĽӴ
ȻǴɽڶ׵ڽ
ˣҲˣΪڶǵʱһ˲˵õ˲ɣ
ڤûҲˣǰǸѪȪһ㲻š
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ЩϧڤɽûǵƵǵƵǷǳģ֮Ա׾ٵƿʩչؽ⣬ΪڤûнȫӳȻʩչؽ⣬Ҳ׾ٵƿ
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ЩǰȻΪܹٷ֮ʤԷ˵⼸ˣԳһ£˵ٷ֮ʤԷϾսûȫʩչƣ
һֱǱŲɹʵ̬ưԼҪǱõһδûΪܵõһҲûΪҶһţƵģһܾţ
һֱֻǽĿ궨Ϊưһڳɲɹ֪ǱŲɹʵ̬ģ
һҶջ˼ȥЩ⣬תͷ˿ҶЦЦСԴСһллһֱߣ
һֱҺСһɹѵӣҲСһæ
СһһֱǽԼѣ
գգۣȻСԴ˲Ҷգһǵģ
ҶЦЦ˻ȻһϱӶȥǰǸ˵ǸԪͯʲô٣ԪͯԼŵشʱǱѾۼˣʢᣬȻҪˡ
ǰԪͯ޵۹ǸսܹȿԷʵǶ˵Ȼһ£


201
Ҷԭ׵ģǷˡΪ׵ϣô٣ڵȻӶ࣬ЩɶǮ
һ·ϣҶߣȴû۵ģԴˣҶЩơ
ܿ죬ƹȵˡ
ƹȺܴ󣬱ȽڵǸٴüʮʮˡʱƹȺ֣Ϊƹߵһɽ֮ϣۼߣˣڲӣȻˣɽȴԵӵ
ܿ죬Ҷɽҵ˽ڵĽˣĽȽڵ⣬ˣֻڴػʹȣʱĵԵˡ˵ģԭʮˣȴֻʣˡ
Ҷǹڵһû٣˹ڵ⣬оԪҲûһˣٻбѩԼص۹ĻʼѧԺһЩˣͷĶڡڣһֻˣɱˣʱȻֻʣһˣ
˵ЩǻûȻȫˣлУͲ֪ˣ
ԼȥʱӵԽԽ٣ʱص۹ʼѧԺȻ˳ԪŵԪҹԪҹʦַ٣ټɽߣѾ࣬ʦԪͯȴǲӰԪŵǺôļӰ
ԣ˶ԪҹǶеţȻеģԪͯʵ̫ߣԪţҲûʸʲôġ
ԪҹЦЦλ԰꣬ʦֲû˼֮ԲԲλֻµˣ
£Ȼ˶˵һҲ˼£ԪҹһʼѧԺûַˣ
˵꣬ȻתһڻʼѧԺ˳ɽȥ

ʱһĴЦͻȻɽŴûӳ֣ȴǺɽ߶ܹ
һǳɽ˹ȥɽŴʱڳˣԼȻΪ֮ɫ䣡
ֻɽ£һɽӶȻҪڰ󣬻һٰɣʮɵȻȻβͣǱץУҪȻﻹδȫȥ
קδȥҲϰڶȻһ·ӣȻڰУ·һһ㣬ǰɵ飬õȺ֮еҶΪ֮ݡ
ܿ죬Ȼɽɽ֮˿˰קȻȻһ;޴ޱȣϲۼףЩۼ״ʱѾȫΣеѾ䣬¶ɺ⡭
ʱû׶˫ۻ˸׺ݵĹâɢĿֲϢõһԵһЩʵ鲻ԽسһЩ룡
һԾ˾ͷŲȾԴ꿴ˣȻЦЦλ¾Ԫͯǰ֮ԳٵֻΪҽӵϢ޵۹֮еĴ֮һȺľӢһǧŰɱߣ²òȥ£λõȣˣ
ԣΪ֮ݣ˿ԪͯĿ⣬ľηŵӣ⣬ļɵ
ڳĴ⣬˭֮⣿Ӧ˵߾˶ԶԶܵģųľȴǱԪͯ׽ʵܲηܲɵ
Ⱥ֮еҶɫҲǸʵӦò࣬ʹв϶Ҳ̫࣬Ǳ״̬ǰԪͯ׽ʵĺֲܿ
ʱϵͻȻԴҶתͷȥֻСצָԶ֮⣬Զ
Ҷһ飬æߵһ˱ȽٵĵطСһֻܾȣҴ򲻹ô˵ģ
СצָָҶĶӣȻǽа֡
ҶСԴУֻĲܾȣ϶군ȷڳߣҶţҲܸ߿ġ
ʹɱﵣСצҶĶ䣬¶һı顭
УԪͯ˾ǸˣرŵǶ˸һŵӶǸˣʵȻǲ˵ģϵİȻҲǲ˵ģԪͯǰʹǹڵĹֶòԼİ
ΪԪͯǰʵûʲôɰģ
ʱȻԪͯϣΪĴڣԪͯ߾µĵһˣȻ֮ͬвܸκˣڣǰдд裿
ҲһʱڹԱߵȾͻȻҲ˳ԪͯԭһǼ治ڿҶˣ
ʱѩȻҲ˳ԪͯҲ뿴߾µһжǿһ
ٻҲʾŵҲһҲ뿴ǧ˵ж
ѾĸԪͯսʣµĹ˴ʱɫЩѿսɣǺֲ񣬿ǲսɣδ̫һ㡣
Ľ׼վһԵ˾ͽټ״æһվҲһΪڵĴĽǹͷأ
˾ͽվ˽ǵĿһۣû˵ʲôֻǵĿһۣ⵭һۣȴõ˾ͽɫ˲
ԪͯͻȻЦЦƬ̣ԪͯĿһһɨսˣȻλԪͯһսԪͯģֻȴʱλ֪ʱɽ޶Ѿۼ


202 Сһ
ԣɫһ䣬޶ۼϢ˵һҪ֪ޱʵ֮ϣԶ٣ģǻлģڣԷȫۼǴʲôμư߶Ҫ군ˣ
Ȼ޶Ѿۼ
Ԫͯ΢΢ͷȻ˴εư񲻱죬һΣɽ֮е޲ǰսλͬһŽλŽжֲزҶ˵˰ɣ
Ϊʲôʮɽ˷ʻǹڵȾ
ԭ򣡡ԪͯһԭΪʮɽһʮޣʲôȺ֪ʵõ޵۹ĴȺľӢΪ֮ڶԭ򣬴һˣӵһֻصޣֻ޵Ѫѹʮɽ֮гĴȺ⣬ûֿܹˣ
˵⣬ԪͯͻȻתͷҶվλãλѣ˵԰ɣ
ԪͯĻĿʱҶӦ˵Ҷϵ
Ҷɫһ䣬һֱΪԼСһصĺܺãȴû뵽ԭѾ֪ˣֻԪͯε֪أ
ԪͯһҶϵȻֻصްɣϢı£ȻҶ˵ֿ꣬ҶǸ쾳նɱ߾߾ǿֵ߽Ҷ
ȻѾƣǾҶ˵ͷ벻ףΪʲôעңһֱҺǺܵ͵İ
͵ԪͯͻȻҡͷһЦҶʮɽĹ֮УԪŻйڣԼٻ뽣ڵ˵㶼Ѳ˸ϵɣ
ԣԼٻнڵɫһ䣬ҶĿĲ
Ҷ˵Ŀ⣬ЦЦûǴԪŵĵӣаٻĵӣԼڵĵӶ߾ǿߴӰɣ߾һССķ˾ܹԿģҵǼǵãĹĺԪŵ߾ǿ߰ɣĪԪɱˣȻƵͷ
ҶĻ뽣ڵֿԪͯò˵Ҷ˵ĻǷǳеģϾʱҶɻ쾳ô߾ǿ߿⣿
ûֻ֣аٻĿҶϣûҶһսҲĹ֮е¿϶ģڡ
Ԫͯҡҡͷ׷£޵۹֮佫һ֮սĪвһãԣڣضʧ࣡
ϻʲôôˣѵҲ費ɣҪ˵Ӧô޵ķ˵һ໹Ҫ𣿡һԵȻ
֮ʱڵȾ͵ȻԪ˵ֻСһʮɽĪвֱǣɱ˱ǣ
ҶЦЦƬ̣ȻȾɱ˱ǣ˾⣬λһһһϣ
һϣȻмƾ㣿Ϊܹնɱ߾ǿ߾ʸҵǰŲʮغϽ㣿
ţ˵ĲҶǰٻ£ֻ¿ȻȻʮغϽҽҵĵؽƷƻ͸㣬ܣ㽫ĵؽƷɽͼ͸ңΣ
Ȼ˫һУȻƻҪˣ
˵꣬ζȻʧԭأ˲ҶǰȻһȭҶԴٶ֮죬õڳ˶ûôʧҶǰġ
Ȼ֣һĨҶϣҲϻͬһȭ˹ȥȭͷȭͷҶû¹˭
죡
һͳըڳҶȻ˲䵹ˣҶȻ岽
״һƬȻû뵽ҶȻܹȻ֣һռϷ磡
Ȼʱɫѿû뵽ȻǰĽڵӸˣ˵ǳ谡
뵽⣬һĨɭɱȻһǰСˣû뵽㵹ӡ˵ʮغϽʮغϽ㣡
˵꣬Ȼǰ̤һӿұ֮Уұ۵˲䱬ѿͬʱһıֱ֮ϣһ̣Ȼһȣֱ۶Ҷ͵ظһɿʱһ޴˲Ҷ
ͬʱһһӰӡĺҶ
֮һ˲䱻ᣬһ޴ı۳˳С
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Ǿ޴ӡһԵĽɫΪأһԵ˾ͽȴһЦҶͿˬˣȻʧΪһ£
ӡҶǰʱҶ˫һУ齣˲ʣ޴ӡ͵һ
ȻʩչʱѾϤ㣬ѡƣΪ뱩¶Լ̫ƣҪ֪Ա߿Ҫüڶ
죡
齣˲仮ƱӡȻҶȴɫһ䣬Ϊ齣һ˲ȻסǱٶȻ죬˲ѾϣȻһһּٶӵȫһϢʱ䣬ҶǳΪһˣ
ʱȻѾҶǰȻǲȭͷҶüĺݺݺ˹ȥ
УĽ׼֣Ȼû֣ʼѧԺߵһӱõ
ȻȭͷҪ䵽ҶüʱͻȻнֻҶǱԭס齣ͻȻһ貵Ϲ⣬ȻȻؿڵȥ


203 һʵ
һĻԪͯһеһ¶һ˿ȤһԵĽˣ¶ɻ飬ΪǴδֽ
ѩȻҶ齣Ʊһ̣һɫȻֻǼ򵥵һƱԼ˵ı£Ȼ֪û˲ٿ¶Զζʲô
齣Ʊһ̣Ȼɫ΢䣬Ȼû뵽ģӦһԭҶüĵȭͷȻƣǵ齣͵ץ˹ȥٶ֮죬齣ٶȻ켸֣
齣ҪȻؿڣͱȻһץסʱ齣ٴα⣬Σ齣ϵı㣬ǰˣ
죡
ʱԭҶͻȻƱһɽɫ˲Ȼ
Ȼ˫΢УһĨ죬ȻҲû뵽ҶȻܹƿļ룬ΪǽɫѾǰǰƽ׼ǵޱȵĽɫ
ǣ
һΣҶĽɫǰǰڽɫӴȻ֮ʱɫ˲䱻סһ۵İɫͣڿС
ܱ⣬ȻǧѾ˰ųǵɫԪŵԪҹ
ԵԪͯЦЦ
ɫ⣬ҶɫֳһĨأǰȻܲһ㰡ȻɫܹסһЩ˰
뵽⣬Ҷһ齣ٴƱһϹȻͷϷҽ͵һ̤粽ʩչһӰȻȥ
ҶȻȳ֣ȻһĨԭ׼һнҶģڣԷȻ֣ܶڵڴ
ˣȻӿֱ֮ϣһıֱӶ֮е¶ȶȻֻһ˲䣬ȻΧɷΧǸһļٶȻڲţȴӣҶķӣ
Ҷɫ΢䣬ΪǼ֮еĺõоΣգʱѾӿȭͷ֮ϣ۽âֶ΢ţҶȭͷ͵ضѾǰı˹ȥ
죡
һΣҶȭͷûڱ⣬һȭЩ֧飬һɿֲҶȭͷ͵رΧһЩվĽ߲ɳһЩ롣
һȭҶٶȲƣ˲Ȼǰ˸ŽâȭͷȻԴֱֱ˹ȥȭͷ֮ǲ֮ƣõһԹս߲Ϊ֮ݣرǽڼˣһΣ֪СҶ
ƽľǰٻˣΪֻ֪⻹ҶʵȻʵҪǿһ㣬Բǿ̫࣬ʩչѹ׵ĵƣûĻҶ
Ȼȴ˵ʮ֮ɱҶԴˣֻܺǺˡ
ҶƿȻһ̣һԵԪͯΪȣ
ǽɫӦ֮еĽѹ˿ֲһԵԪҹ
Ԫͯ΢΢ҡͷֹԭıͼΪȻ񣬿ԻҶĽڵӣҪʮ֮ڻɱѾˡǼɽͼʲôصĵƣ
ҶʵôǿԪҹ㵵
ԪͯһһԽڼˣȻӦ콣֮ǿˣҲ˶ˣ
ԼǧﱻƣȻƤһû뵽ıǧȻǰҶֱȥˣòϣһֱȷСǰˣΣվߣ
Ȼż棬ͬһ㵹ʮɵľ룬һ̣͵رҶһΣ֮Ҳ˼Ҷǰ˫ƶҶ͵˹ȥ
˫֮˲䱻ᣡ
ҶҲʾֻȭͷȻ͵غ˹ȥ˸һӴ˲˿Ҷȭͷ˲䲼ᣬһ̣Щסı˲䱻飡
ųнսˣԪŵԪҹҡҡͷȻǧˣ⽣Ҷ´ʱѾΪһ߱ˣҶƫƧ֮еĽ˵⣬ͻȻ˱ѩȻȻǧȻʩչ¾ҶҲֵסɣ
ԪͯһһԵȻȻǧﱾǱѩѩǷص۹ʼѧԺһ飬Խǧ˴ص۹ʼѧԺмǣȻϣʩչǧ֮ʱǧ֫Ӵ
Ԫҹɫݣ
һԣڵĹֵʦ֣ԭСҶĽڵ˰˾ȻܹȻ˾ã
Ⱦ˹һۣȻԭϾ͸ܵΣյϢֻҲû뵽ȻܹȻսĲ£ȻȻһʵûãѾ֤ʵˡ
Ȼһʵûã־
ȾЦһȻΪأǴص۹ʼѧԺһ˰ΪʵʲôʸȥսԪͯмǣС֮еκһˣǸڵˣ
ԣһҲڵ꣬ҳϣһԪŵŵӶǲǽڣǸҶʦ˵һҲΪ֮ܵеĹҵģ
ԣȾҡҡͷתͷԶڼսҶȻ
죡
УҶȻȭײ˲˿ûڳ֣ؿŶԷΪ֪ģǶκβ˶Էֲ뱩¶̫ʵǰ


204 
ȻֻʣһпʱٻͻȻһɱҶɽͼɾҵˣ㲻ᷴڰɣ˵ûǸʵɱ
Ȼû£ֻǿҶò˵ǰȷС㣬Ӧ֮еĽɣ
Ҷһ齣ɻУ齣бָ棺ҵʮɱأ԰ɣ
Ȼ˲䣬ȻҾͳȫ㣡
䣬ӿҪʱһԵԪͯȴͻȻм䣬ԪͯһҶȻתȻ£λ֮ĶԼӳٵưڶֵıпԣոһ棬ʱȷΣҪ֪Ǵʱĵ˿ʮɽޣ
ȻԪͯʵʮɽޣ
ԪͯҡҡͷȻ£ΪһŵĵӣΪһ߿ǣĵǻʼѧԺѧҪʮɽޣЩأԣλܹʱ¸˶ԹֶԵУΣ
ԪͯĻΧЩ߶ʱ¶м֮ɫûĵӲҪʮɽ֮еޣ°رѾȺӵޡֻдһ𣬲лԿʮɽޣҲֻǲлųȥ
ԪŴ壡
ͻȻв֪˭һ
ԪŴ壬ԪŴ塭ţһߺڳв𡭡
һĻȻɫ΢䣬ԥ˰Σ俴ҶһۣȻصԼλãڼȥ¾ǵһˣ
һԵҲĬˣû˵ʲô
Ԫͯ˫̧ȻһѹʱɽȺ״Ԫͯ΢΢ͷȻҶҶԸ⽻ϵֻɫСһҸôޣҿԪţŵӣ
ԣһԵ˽¶ĽԪŵŵӰΪԪŵŵӴʲôŴõǰ̣һɽԺߣ˭Ҳֱ棿
ȻЩôޱǲ࣬ǴʱҶѡ
ԪͯĻٻ£ѩȻйڵȾǿҶ뿴Ҷôѡ񣬵ȻڵôٵˣĽ촽˶վʲôҲû˵˾ͽЦ
Ҷ˿ȻЦЦתͷԪͯԪԪͯǧˣԪԪͯ߾µһˣԪԪͯпܳΪĴڡʵ˵Щţһֱ㣬ڼˣû뵽пܳΪ˾Ȼų򣬾ȻαСˣ
˵⣬ҶЦʧ㲻Ҫҿ޵ķ㲻Ҫ𣿺αҪЩûʵɣҪӣҪƷҶҲˣ
ҶĻΧɫһ䣬Ҷ֪ȻҲ˰Ҷĵɫ
һԶڵ˿Ҷ΢΢ͷǹڵȾǵ˵ͷò˵ҶݵɫǷǳ͵ģ
Ԫͯ˫΢Уǽ𣿡
ʱһԵ˾ͽͻȻվ˳Ԫ֣ҶȻҽڵӣ佾裬ʶ壬ĺҽڵͬʦֵҲ֣ΪνͷˣҶɽ֮еһУҵȼ޹أλ⣡
˾ͽٻ˵꣬һԳĽطڵӽվ˾ͽٵ
˾ͽû֣˵ⷬʱһԵİٻѩȻдص۹ʼѧԺȻн¶˺εرġҪ֪ڵʦֵжԹԣսʹ죬ǱҪ۸򲻿ɵģΪغŵӰ
ǰ˾ͽȴǺԥ£˵ˣһԵһЩɢҲ¶˺εرġ
˾ͽ٣Ҷҽڵӣܹı˵ģĽʵ
û˵ҽڵӣ˾ͽֻ˵һУҼ޹ضѡ˵ˣҴѵͷȻзܹޣΪʲôߣҽû˽ˣڿŪҶĻᣬôܹŹ
Ľ˵ʲôȴһԵҶֹˡ˾ͽǵС˼ʵûᣡ
Ҷû˾ͽ٣ֱӿԪͯԪͯǾ仰Һܺ棬ô֪Сһ޵ģ
ҶĻڳһƬĿˣǰԪͯ˵ҶϵɫСһޣ˻ǲŵģΪԪͯҶжԹҽڳҶϾһӵޣʵ̫˼ˣ
ڣҶԳϣ˲ܵˣĿ̰ȣ
Ҫ𣿡Ԫͯüëһ
ȻҶ
ӦԪ֮еǿǰĹ˵ǰٻ£¿ҶһۣҰٻнԼԪŵ˶ĹŵȻ飬ֻҰٻ뽣ڣԪɳȥ˶û鵽ʲôԪΪʲôܲ鵽ûʲôòˣҪ֪Ԫŵ鱨ϵͳǽ˴ص۹ģ
ԣҶЦҡҡͷԼվ̫ˣСһצ̫ˡҲνˣ֪֪ɣֻҪ߾߾Ҷкξ֮ǲηģΪطһɫ쾳
ʱԪͯͻȻҶ߱ߵҶʵԪţضиõǰ;ȻǰýϵɫСһֻСһķŶˣƺûʲôѡ񣬲𣿡
˭˵ûѡ񣿡ҶͬԪͯԪͯ߾µһˣҶţ̣


205 ޴Ϯ
ԪͯͻȻЦЦƬָ̣ҶϵҲ֪ʲôȻܹѹأǿǿ
ͻȻԪͯĻû˵ȥˣΪҶϵʵ̲ȥˣ̧СצԪͯһӣȻһϹ˲Ԫͯǰ
һĻɫһ䣬⹥ù졭
ϹͻȻԼǰԪͯ˫΢УһĨ죬ܿͱŭ⣬һֽճȭϹվһ䣬һȭż̶˲Ϲ֮ϣ
죡
Ϲ˲ɢȻǹȭȴٶȲıҶ
Ҷɫ䣬һ͵һһɫ
죡
УȭɫײһըȻȻԪͯǵȭȴȻûʧٶȲҶվλã
״Ҷɫ΢䣬Ԫͯȭ⣬ŲٰȻĽɫܶԿ˶ԷССȭ簡
齣ʣȭǰ֮ʱҶȻνһն
죡
ȭʱɢ
Ҷҽ͵̤أ洫αҶɲһϲˣϲ
֪ҶȻһ֣ԪͯǹŲмٴλսȻҾͳȫ㣡
䣬ǰƽȻһһ˲͵س
죡
һڳкȻֻԪͯȭͷ֮˲䱻飬һװ׵ȭ۳˿У쳣ۣ
һĻܵȭͷ֮еĿֲϢҶɫһ䣬ʱѾ߻Уֻе齣ԷӲӲˣ
죡
齣ԪͯȭͷһӴ齣˲һĻȣҶԪͯһȭ֮£ֱӵ˳ȥһΣΪɵĶԶмʮɡ
̫ŵɳȥҶԪͯҡҡͷ׼ٴγֽҶʱͻȻǸܵʲôȻתƹȶɽ塣
ԪͯʱʵĻ˶ɽ壬ҶҶֱӱˡ
𡭡
ɽʱһ޺ͻȻԶɽ𣬽ţһ޴ӰԶɽ֮ϣͬʱ֮ϣɫͻȻĸַ޳ͷ֮ϣ
Ϣʱ䣬ԶɽѾվ˸ϵ޴ޣǰ֮ϣر֮ϵĸַޣǸһεѹȸУõ߻δսѾо⣡
һĻԪͯɫ΢䣬뵽ʲôȻתԭҶɳȥķȻʱǸλȴǿտҲҶѾ֪ټ
ȷ֪Ҷֻص޵ģҪ֪ʮɽ֮ɽȺ¿ϰ࿴ģȻЩ඼Ǵص۹ˣԪŵʵҪЩ˿е֪һЩϢǲѵġ
෬̽ԪڽĿҶϣʱҪץҶѾ̫ˣΪҶѾضҶΪ˷ʦĵطʦҶɽĵӣԵǰ׷Ҷǿֻܷ׽Ҷ뷨
ϾضҪʦᣬԪҲģԣԪͯʮɽһĿģǾѰҶܣȻǽҶԪܣǾֻӲˣ
ޣԪҲòĶ
ԪͯһȻԵԪҹȥ׷ǰѾ̽ʵҲܴ⣬СϵֻסҵȽϵĸԪǲܡ
Ԫҹ˵ͷһʧԭ
ԪҹʧԭԪͯתЩߣôηˣ˻شȻתָ֮ϵЩޣȻҲսЦȻ࣬ˣ࣡ڳĶ츳ģ˵ӦҪһȺ𣿡
䣬Ԫͯ嶸Ȼڿնһ̣һɿֲӿֻƣƳ£ӿУһ̣ԪͯΪģΧβһɹĳһ̣ԪͯһĨɫƶȻ͵һģȵƣ
˲䣬һʮɣɵɫƳ֮ϣɫЯͷƤĿֲϢ֮طޣʮɵľ룬޴ƽһϢʱЩ׵ķ˲仯ĩһɹѪ·ȥ
һƣ֮ϱ˼ʮֻ׷ޣ
һ̣ٴμʶǧʵһԵȻȾаٻѩȻж¶ŨŨءȻԪͯʩչǵؽƷϵҲԪͯʵҪ֪쾳ҪؽȫӳǿǼѵģ
ԪͯȴǷǳɾˣ
гƬ̣ͻȻ˸ߺһԪͯꡭ
𣬽ţߺԪͯһһ˳Уߺǰơ
ԪͯأָңָɽȺǿͬһս
У
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һĻһԵȻɫ΢䣬Ҷ˵ûԪͯİԪѾһţģҪʲôͳһͳһ
ܿ죬ȻҡҡͷΪܶܣԪǿҪ˵ܹͬʱԿǲܵģϾʵҲֻǱԪѡͳһǾ͸ˣԪͯǸҰģԪҲôģ
Ϊһңɲһܹ׺ģֻԭԪͯ˾Ǻ⣿ȻΪԪͯЩɢӵ룡
ٻԪͯһۣȻĬôʱǵȷֶԸЩޣΪ֣¾ҲһܹȻŻȥҪ֪޵۹ҲǾ񾡳
һεưĲԾ
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206 ȥ
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ͻȻһ˻ڳ쳹Ǽ̶õڳһЩʵϵ͵߶ʱѪ
Ϊ׵Ԫͯɫ΢䣬̧ͷԶֻһֻ޴ȻٶֻȻ޴ޱȣԼʮɣɣȻҪֻȻƣʹɣֻȻľѾߣ

ֻȻٴ˽ɫһ䣬ǿ޵۹ֲ֮ķްܹһշĿֲһﰡȻٶȻΣҪǽǽ൱һŵؽƷ
ٶȼ죬Ǽ˻δɢ䱾ѾԪͯ˵ϿաԪͯˣĿ¶׹⣬ȴûз建½Ԫͯ˵ǰ
ʱ˲ŷֽϻվˣΪ׵һԼʮ꣬ò㣬һϮۣһѰɫȣ˵ķڻһɫ۵꣬Ҷ⣬ͻ֣ᷢɫǵйһսԳһĻޣ
ڻұվһûдµ׳׳͸ߴޱȣȻ߳ͷͱ뺷ٴֿ񣬻𣬳űըԵ
׳Աһ޵ŮӣŮòżΪ¶ֻһƤĨأһ̵Ƥȹ΢ȥһ㣬¾ܹһд⡭
ֵһ˵ǣŮӳǰʱĿŮϡ
⼸˳ʱ˲ԼͬվԪͯǰʱڴĶԹҲҪվһǽҲһΪϵ壡
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Ԫͯǰ̤һ뻪ӣǸ޵۹ްɣ˵⣬ֿ˻Աߵˣλ޵۹ĴȺ֮еľӢɣҵǡ
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죡
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һĻԱߵɫ΢䣬ԪͯĿ
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꿴ԪͯеģΪǧˣΪпܳΪĴڣͨһűƿķʵ벻ףʵѾȫûҪμưģȴˣ벻װ
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ȭ治ɫҲûκη뷴ǹɾؿڡ
죡
һը죬ɢУȴǺǾд·ûƣ
һĻߵɫҲޱԪͯǿǿ֪ģп¼ܹӶԷһȭȻɵľͽˣǰ⻯޵ķжֲ
ԪͯƽƺԤϡ
ǰԪͯȭ·ȻǴս֮ǰ֮еһˣһֻޣֻƺ⣬죬ܹһεѪѹҺܺ棬ʲô޾Ȼӵ࣬ɷһ
Ԫͯҡҡͷ⣬ȷһֻޣҪֻޣֻԼȥˡ
˵ͷȻĿɨһۣǵأȺսһ飬ѡȻǿ»ȫûȻϣ˵ģֻӦҲ֪ǲܵģ
ԪͯһۻԱ߼ˣȻǾ͵ɣ
һսԪͯ˵꣬Աߵ׳վ˳׳ƵĿڵһۣȻҽаɣһ壬ϣǿģҾˣ˵꣬һ·ӶȥһѾƹȹС
гĬһᣬڵͻȻվ˳޵۹ĴľӢǿҵԣ˵꣬ҲһԾ·Ӷȥ
ԵȾɫ΢䣬ȻʱѾֹˡ
һᣬбǴ밢ɵս

ʱҶѾڰ֮ˣò˵ԪͯʵȷʵǿǶԷҪһȭͽҶֻ˵Է̫ˡûѡԷģΪʱǳʺϣӮ䣬øȺ³ֻӣ
ɽڲûգЩ޵۹Щƴܾˣ©񲻸ã
ţҶϲ¶ЦݣͻȻϵЦһҶͣ˽Ųת֪ʱԪҹѾ


207 Ҷʵ
ԪҹҶ߱ߵϧˣʦ˵ʵȷʵԪţԪŵճɾͱضȴܾˡ벻ףΪʲôҪܾأҪ֪ܾɾҪİ
ҶЦЦ˵ΪѡԪţԪŵ˻ῴȥԪţµõıǱӰɣߣҺԪſеĲҵ츳ʵôޣǵõ޵ĿƷ󣬱˵ң˵׼Ҫɵأ˵أ
ԪҹһȻͷһЦҳϣ˵ĺܶԣ¼Ԫţ˵ˣҶῴ㡣һˣעҪģΪӵ㲻ӵеĶǷ˵ʹһ㣬Σ
ȥһΣҶʵ
Ԫҹ˫΢УһһûУȻҲһţΪҾˣҷûʵţ֣ǽڵӣóýҾýˣ
㻹ʲôҶ
ԪҹɱһӿʱһĽâӿ룬еԽԽʵȻʵ

ԪҹһȣζȻһ߱Ҷ䱾һʵʵĲӰ
Ҷ˫ۻϣӿ齣֮Уʱ齣֮бһɫĹâɫĹâɹâһ𣬴
Ԫҹ˫΢УӽҶǰһɵľʱȻȣ֣䣬ԪҹһȻ䱾֮ͻȻֳĸԪҹʱгԪҹĸԪҹ壬ٴԪҹ֮
ĸԪҹһ㣬ֳûλֱֱش˳еҶһ̣Ԫҹһ£һ£ƶһ£
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Ƭ̣ĸԪҹͻȻ˿ǹɢ˿УҶλõԪҹЩ͵ĿҶ䲱ӴһǳǳѪۼΪĿ
ͨСɣôܡԪҹҶʧ૵
ǵģҶûбʵ˽أʩչ˽ͨԪҹûһӰ졣ˡ˽ɫļӳֺٶ֪ǿ˶ٱԣʹԪŵҲֵס
ҶûлشԪҹĻΪԪҹ˵Ǿ仰˱ѾˡһУԪҹɽɵϣɨһɽ֮еĶҶһ¶ЦݣЦԪŵŵӣȻЩɢܱȵģ
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ͻȻҶ¶˿ϲ֮ɫΪеһᣬдţؽƷӰ
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ȻЩģǾûκιֻܹԻˣҴڵʱֻһӡȻˣҶϲҪ֪ȱĿɾӰǵؽף
ӰǷǳǿģ֮ǰҶһƣΪҶܹͨһıʣԿ˵Ӱ˿ˡˣ»Եֵ
ɽպãҶתͷ˷ƹȵķѡ񣬵һǻشص۹ΪʱڵѾ㹻ѡأʮɽЩ޸鷳ڶǼʮɽֻ˵Ļ»ܶ鷳Ͼӵ޵Ѿ¶СһӦò
ȻʮɽҲкôģǾǿԼĴ٣ãռֻǿޣ
뵽⣬Ҷʮɽˡʵ̫벻ֶεԼʵȻҪԿٻȻǾһЦ
ҶƹȶȥʱƹѾսˣ֮϶ǲԺ͵ġֻҪս˭Ҷ鷳ڣֻұ鷳ķˡ

ɽǧһɽ֮ϣһʯ֮ϵͻȻ˫ۣɨ˳һۣȻԪҹˣ
仰ɫ΢䣬ԪҹԪ֮һĵˣɽ֮У˭ܹɱȻԼȻԣҲǺѵģҪ֪Ԫҹʵ򲻹ܵĻȻҲû취İ
ڶԷȴˣ
ܿ죬ԶĻߣֻһЦӣѵԪŵ˾ͲˣȻμưǾ͵׼
俴˻һۣȻתͷɽиһĨǣԪҹȻЩʹҲ˶ˡԪͯǾͲֻʹˣʧԪҲʧ𰡣
ԭԪͯоĵģڣԪҹĿʼЩҡˡΪһֱ̫ˣʹ֮гԪͯԷһֱܵǶԷ񾭴ǾǶԷеƣȻԷǺߣ
뵽⣬һâôǾԲԪͯɽģƻư


208 ֮·
ҶƹȣСһ̫ۣԱصеˡ
ڰҶƹȴʱ״ʱҶɫ΢䣬ʱƹ֮У鲼ʬ壬Щʬ֮У޵ģġһ⣬ǱƸȡˣЩʬȫǱȥͷ
һΣҶǼʶưĲпᣬȻЩ˵ûʲôоģرЩ࣬ǰЩҪҶģ
սһֱϣȻִϵԽԽ࣬ʮɽȻҲ࣬Ͷ࣬ȥǵ޸ûȺʲôӰ졣
ŹмսһޣԪͯԵȻԪͯȥȻ߿»ᱻ޺Ĺ⣡
ԪͯһԽԽٵߣиһĨ⣬ȷȻ˵ܼȥˡΪȥ߿»ȫȺսĻ߿»ĸ죡
ܵ˵Щɢ̫ˣŵӶǰɽô˾棿
ĬΣԪͯ˾
Ԫͯż棬һӣƹȵ룬Ϊ׵Ļսˣսܣ
΢΢ͷȻԣҪ۵ģ׼ʲôۣ
ҪʲôۣԪͯʵ
ӵ޵࣬Ȼұ֤߲ʮɽ
Ԫͯüëһвң
ҡͷһЦ֪ʵҪ߳ʮɽ϶ûģԱЩĵӣҪ뿪ʮɽûģЩɢأ֮·أ
ԣԪͯͫһ㾿˭Ϊ֪֮·
˭ҪЦԭһԪͯΪҪμưǰ׿񲻽ҪܵսҪͬ߳Ͽɣμư񣬲ҺԿ޵۹޷ǾΪ԰ɣ
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ԪͯĻ߶ʱһһһĵ˵ǲƽģΪ޵ʵͬϻѹġսȥ³һЩʵر𶥼⣬߻ý
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Ԫͯüͷ΢壬ʲô˼ѵǽҶĽڵʵǿܿ죬ԪͯҡҡͷһȭӲµǿǿʲô̶ȣ
Ԫͯ˽ڵ˾ͽ٣Ҷǽڵӣ˾ͽֶԹۣ԰ɣ
Ȼ˾ͽҽڳֵӣ˾ͽΪŵӣȻΪʦųȥһЦ˾ͽôҶصڣǰҶȻһսѾҲҶصڣΪҶǱʵֲ̫ˣʱգҪ˾ͽ٣ʲô¡
ԣڲҶҪȵʲôʱ
Ԫͯ΢΢һЦȻһһֱӵڵĺ꣬أ
ЦЦԪֱЦˣֻʣһˣɾͶˣߣҵʵҲҶο޻ȥѡشص۹λ⣡
Ԫͯ΢΢һЦ⣡
ԭμư߲ɱˣĴѰҶˣ


209 ɱ
Ⱥ֮еҶ¶һĨЦ޼ɵˣһҶʧԭء
߷ɢȥߵѩҵֻصСһǵҪȫȥ𣿡
ǣһԵˬ翴Щ಻ˬˣƽʱ治ǽҲͰˣλɱˬΪʲô
ʱһΨһһŮӺɱǾ֪ɱ㵱Щģ˵ɱɱǿҪȫҪĴۣ϶ҪԪͯʵѩ⣬˭
ΪѩĻ꿴ȥķ򣬵ԵĻҵԸ⸶һЩ۽Щֻǲ԰ǻиǿĵ˰Ҳ֮Ӳսԭ򣡡
ǿĵˣüͷһ壬ʵ
ѩҡҡͷȻ꣬ޣֻصɫСһѪѹȻܹѹ㣿
ѩ˵ɫСһ޵ɫ˵ͷѪХѪһХѪѾϡǵӰѾ󣬵ѪѹȴҶܹѹӦûޣڱǳΪף⡭ʮɽ֮дδֹ
޵Ļѩм˽ɫ
Щŵڵޣ᲻㿴ˣҪ֪޽ǼΪģҪھͽޣϵܰ
ҡҡͷȷڣѪѹ⣬ĹҲǼΪֲҲǲţԸѩսҲԸսսǻֻаķݣΪ˲ƣֱӴԽռ˲ƣ
˲ƣѩɫ΢䣬ٶȹ죬ĴԽռ˲ƣ
޵˵ͷ˲ƣΪֲ
ѩתͷԶȻһ壬һǿصޣΪҪһأ
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ܲص޵۹޵
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ҡҡͷҲֻǽּغ϶ѣʵΪĽܹƿҵķ
ķܹƿһԵ㵵֪޷ģǷֻǿģ
޵˵ͷҸоûȫȻҪֻصСһ̬ȣصСһϵãΪܣ벻׵£һôһܣ
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ʱҶأ
ʱҶĴϹأȻ֪ʱڵҲЩˡȻЩҪСһ⣬ҶʲôȻǼһɱһˣɲ಻࣡
ҶҶ
ͻȻҶһ˷ϹҶȻ˶ʱͬ˷ܼһ㣬سҶ˹
ʵҲѹЩ˷ܣһöڵԪŵӵЩɢ˵ʵһ޷ܾջһΪԪŵӣζʲôɵӶ֪
ҶһһӣֻȻʱ˳УΧ
ͻȻֵֻõһ㶣ʱʺţô£ܿ죬еԴȽķ˳еĲԾҪˣЦֻްܹԿģ
ˣҶһĨɱ⣬ԥصɱһҶɲʲôĴ֮ȻԪŵԪͯЩҪҲǲʵԣȻĴ
Ҷ䣬ֻ޶ʱ˹ȥʵ֮ϣϴʱԶ٣ô޵Ķ֣ܵĻᶼû
һᣬоͳʬ壬ɽȡСצһӣֻ޶ʱûҶеڡ
ҶһһӶȥ
Ǿ仰ûνĶʵǿǶԵģʵǾǶԵҲǴģ


210 ֱ
һҶѾɱʮˣЩУһõһٶöڵԭеڵڵнöڵ⣬нʮ׵ʯһö
һʱ䣬Ҷջʮ㣡
Ϊ˷ֹӵ޲ӵй¶ȥÿһҶϾɱǱ¶Լⶼϧ
¶Ѿʮɽˣڱ¶ӵ޲ӵ£ʱ鷳ˡʱģ¾߾߾ǿˣ
ҶʱԪҹ±Ԫͯˡ
վԪҹɱλãԪͯɫΪѿδԪŵ˻ʮɽ֮бɱҪ֪ԪҹʵҲһİֻҪһܣȻҲһܹɱ
Ȼһֱһ𣬰޵۹ЩҲû뿪ߣЩˣʮɽ֮л˭ܹɱܵĻᶼû
ܿ죬Ԫͯ˰ٻʱǾ仰ˡ㣬ͲԪҹһȥ׷ɱҶ
뵽⣬Ԫͯ˫΢ǲɱģԪҹԣ㶼䣬Ԫͯһʧԭء

ɽ֮УԽԽ߱ɱȻⲢûЩĴѲҶȴ֣ЩҲˣǾԭһʮһ飬ʵ֤취Чģڽһʱٴ߱ӵˣ
ЩһʮһҶȷûڳˣΪûаˡҪ֪Щɢ޶֮еľӢЩ˲սһܣûʮİսԷȫ
һöԷѣ鷳޾ˣµʱǷʦᶼһܹס
ҶҲûܻ䵥ģ
ïܵĴ֮УҶͬһֻĺӣ֮䲻ϴţǰһһûҶҪ׷ʱһ˸ֱӳ˼ľ룬ȻתͷҶСצƺڽҶ
ϲһϷȻҶǲϲˣʲôЦô׷Сһֲܲ׷Ҫ֪СһǿǺֲܿģɲԼ꣡
ͻȻͣҶԣԴȻʵôˣ
գգۣȻ̧СצָԶ
ǱˣҶʵ
ҡҡԴȻָָԶΣ¶һĨ˷֮ɫ
ҶˣǱ߿϶ʲôˣΪֻзֱСһŻСһΪǱĶⶫǱԣҶҲ¶˷֮ɫ
ûԥҶڻȻһָķӶȥ
СһҶһ´ºһף·ƮŰɫһȥԵء
Сצָָ·ƺڽҶȥ
ҶûԥһԾֱֱȥȥһ˲䣬һϹȻ½ٶȶʱ
һϹҶļϣԴ˲ҶգȻƺϲҶ˵Ρ
ҶҲղ˲СԴϣԺޱεģǰĸãһǼϵֻСһǿԺޱεģΪǾԲẦģ
żϵҶһĨǣ̫ˣص޵۹Щ޶֪
ܵһȥ
ܿ죬ҶеĵǱ˼ᶨѾôԼ˼ȻСһ뿪Լ
ʵֻҪʵ㽫̸˭飿
ܿ죬Ҷо˫ŽӴ˵棬Ҷջ˼˫ۣΧʱҶɫһ䡣
ΪʱǰԶһ״һŮӶţ״ʶŮʶŮӲǱˣǱѩȻ
ΧһƬǽ壬رȻΧʮڣȫһƬѩɫΧʮڵһжȫⶳˣ
ܿ죬ҶĿȻ֮УΪ֣ȻУһϸɼĺɫ˿뵽˵Ȼǧ˿ǲƷҶɫʱ
״ˣȻȻ״ڴսҶֲʱ
Ҷʱ״ȻҲҶ׼ȷ˵״󺺿ҶϵȻڿҶһۺҲǽĿͶϡ
ȫˣ̧Сצָָ״ʮɴһżɸߵĴҶ˳Сצָķ˹ȥֻǿŴ֮ϣŴԼöȭͷĴɫӣȻСһıЩӣ
ҶƺЩȲСצݺݵҶԴƺڽҶϿȥá
Ҷһ飬һСһСһﵱǿȥþȥð
һ壬Ϊһһ𣡡ʱ״󺺿ʵ
գգۣСצָָ״ĴȻָָԼҶȻڽ״󺺽ЩӸҶ
״Ƥһҵģ
˫Ȼ̧СצһӣһϹ⴩Խռ䣬˲״󺺵ǰ
оһԵҶҡҡͷСһˣܵԸӰ찡Ҫ̸֪£Ϳġ
һĻһԵȻ״˽ɫ΢䣬ر״󺺣Ȼû뵽ǰֻСȻ˵־ͳֻ֣˵Ĺ죡


211 ˾ܡ
״ֶ̧Ϲֱֱһȭ˹ȥ
죡
Ϲ飬״ǳ
׼һԵҶæֹסҶеȻ״󺺣ȻڨЦЦλǼֻ··ѡ˵꣬ҶתߣʱЩˣһ㣬ܾˣʱǸã
࣬㵱ǰ׳𣿡״󺺳ǰ̤һ
ԣҶͣ˽Ų״󺺣ô
״Ƥһôǰûи˭ģ뵽⣬״¶ŭɫ̰࣬࣬뿪˵أҿԲ׷򣬴˵ؾ֮أ
ʱһԵȻͻȻҶؽƷ꿪죬ʱѾӽ죬ֻҪ죬һöɵʮޡ֣ɱֻޣΣ
ԣҶЩ⶯ȵЩӾȻ⶯ȻĽ飬ȻȻ⽨飬ֻޱضʲôɫһ޷
Ҷû̬ϵͻȻˣһ˸ֱӳ״һ˸Ѿǰ
ңһĻ״ɫ䣬˲ӿӣһŭȣҽ͵̤أζ
ȻѾˣΪ۾СצˣһϹǿŴȻȻǿŴ״ҶȻ㵵Ŀ֮˲ʧԭأͬʱһֱʧԭأҶļϣȻСצҶԴƺڽҶϿܣ
Ҷһ㶣ӦܿععҶҲľӳһƷзԼϣȻӿ뼲ѥ֮ڣ廯һ߳Զȥ
һһҶЩĵģһԶҶľûôʮˣӦ˵һĶûҪ֪ȻɲʲôɫҪһֻ׻ޡûκԥҶѡΪϲߣ
ò˵Ҷȫ֮µٶȻǷǳģϢʱ䣬ҶѾʧȻ״󺺵֮У
࣬Ҫ˺㣡
״Ȼعع״󺺷һ춯صŭȻҽ͵̤أ洫峯Ҷܵķȥԭ̤Ŵֱ̮һֱ۴ֵѷ쳯Ѹӡ
״ҶȥķȻü΢૵ùޡ䣬һҲǸȥҪʮɽѾ˺öˣòҵôܷ

ʱҶ˵ǽٶ˼£֮¶һĲӰϵȴӲ죬СצʹؾҶĶ䣬Ҷӿٶȡ
ҶҲӿٶȣٶѾļˣԣСһľٶֻܷ˷ۣ
ͻȻҶ뵽ʲô۾һԼз뵽⣬Ҷ׼ų׵ȻʱһűŭŭȻһȭ磬˺ѿļԴݺݶ
Ҷͫһ嶸Ȼͣסתһȭ˳ȥ
죡
һͳȻҶоֱһ飬ʮ״˿
״׼Ȼʱ֮е¶ȶȻ½һӰɫȹȻ˳У״ɫ΢䣬ԥ£վûѡ֣ǰŮӵʵҲòɵ
Ȼûȥ״󺺣ǿҶҰסöΣܾ֣ϴʱʮɽ֮׷㣬صСһҲӲʮɽ
Ҷɫ΢䣬ò˵ǰŮ˵ĻǷǳеģзޣ޶ЩֻǾԼõıһȥվЩĵİ
еãᣬضᱻҶ˲סҶ˲סؽᱻԪԪͯԼʮɽЩ޷֣һ֮ԿǣȻ
ԣҶԥһӣһöȻʣµöصص۹㣬˵ò˵Ȼ˵ǷǳеģһԪŵԪͯԼʮɽ֮еǸסСһɾΣˣỹǰȻ״Լɢޣ
ҶǳϵѡȻ֣
ȻôĿҶһۣȻԣ䣬һ״󺺱ӶȥͬʱԪͯʱ֣мǣܿ죬дȻ״󺺵ս
ԣҶüͷһ壬ûж룬һԶӶȥ
ҶʧԶ״ɫ˲ͷһŭ嶸Ȼһ䣬ָ˱塣
״󺺵ıʱȻǱɫ˲ԭХħһľӢ
ֻʱȻǰһֻ;޴ĺɫɫǻڣϲһۼף˸ɭĹצıĵ棬żỮ棬бһƷ죬Ȼǳ˼צۡ
໣
һ޺ХħһԾݺݵȻ
һӺȻǰȹ֮ϣһѪɫצۣХħǸǱ֮ϣһϸС˿ڣЩ˿ںϸ̫ܼͨۿ¸
ȻһһϸС˿ƿХħǵϣХħǼӲۼײûܹ赲˿˿ֱӴ͸ۼףХħǵִһѪۣͬʱȻҲǽһԾ
ڵϺȻһҶܵķȻһԶӶȥѾסХħ˾ãҶӲֻܹҶˡȻΪҶȥХħƴ
໣
ȻȥХħٴηһǺûѡ׷ȥηȻֻ׷ȥʲôֲȻϡ


212 ˣ
˼ʱҶͣ
һصɽ֮УҶûȥ鿴еڵǿűǽСԴ˷֮ɫǰȻСһ´֮ǰһҪҵͬ⣬֪𣿡
Ȼ죬һ˺ҶЩģΪСһʵ̫޷ˡȸ˵ԣ´߾Ķȥ
գգۣҶɫ࣬Цˣµ˵СԴֻ鶯˫֮УԴί֮ɫ
״ҶҡҡͷСԴȻСһЩȻջˣǺȣЩоһ´Ҫǿʱңòã
СצҶգȻ˵СԴ
״Ҷŷ˫΢գ˼ڣ鿴ǿű
Сڵ״ʱҶȻ˫ۣУǲ˼飬Ϊ˱⣬һֻǱȱСһЩϻʮȭͷĹӡ
СһʲôҶǰ㵵
ȻһСצ
ܿ죬ҶˣǿȻǵСһﶪ֮еöֻҶû뵽̶̵ʱ䣬ǿȻһϻôԼеȻ⹦Ч
Ҷѹоϲ𾪣˼ٴγڣʱеڵֻȫΧصΧһ˫˫ȭͷ˫ۼʵĶ֮еŴȴûһֻȥЩӣȻСһЩлǷǳģ
ҶĿͶ˱֮ϣöһ˵ȭͷ΢һЩҶ֣ڱĹƤ棬һͬ徭İɫ磬Щ绹һϸСһ㣡
Ҷ˫ۣĬΣһһöϣ֣ҶǸоһһɺĴȫ
ҶһĨ죬æתɢɺ⡣еıҶ֪ȻΪʲôҪˣȻǱԹ䱾֮еˮôӦǷǳ޴ģ
ֻǣʲôãҶʱ벻׵ġ
ʱͻȻСצһӣҶеıצϣȻһҶǰֻСצű͵ҶߣȻڽҶԡ
ǰҶ촽ȻʵĿԳԣСһܶʱǺܿ׵ģҲʱǲ׵ģϴڶϻԨףʫԵǸϻ
˵СԴȻСצűҶ͡
ҶһȻСһĳ˰
ʱСȻЩͷˡ״ҶˣſɣǱҧһڣȻֱȥ
͸ҶʱĸооҶҧһڡܿ죬һöͽҶĶС
Ҷ׼˵ʲôͻȻҶ˫Բ˫æס˸ֻʱҶͷۿɼٶȽűܿ죬Ҷͷüë۾ɡ
һᣬҶ˱ˡ
һԵգգۣһֱûҶеˡ
ʱҶȻûģȻûҲˣҶķ֣ȻתڵҲʩչ֮ʱͷ·һͨˣֻǽˣǻûʲô֣һɹɳǵĺʴϸ֯
һɿֻŵҶѸ˿ǿ޵Ĵڵİȴֿסɺ⣬ҪʱȻתⶼ޷ʩչ
СһֿңʱҶаš
ǹɳǵĺⲢûΪҶİˣԽԽ䣬ҶıҲԽԽ񣬲ˣҶĵ涼˱ЩڳɽΧš
ʱҶӵĻͻᷢڵѪ뾭ѾǹɺⶳᣬҲ˵ʱҶѾڿʼʧ
Ҷʱȴһ취ҲûӦ˵һ취ǾϵСһȻʱСһȴ֪ΪʲôĺҲֻǶǽɫڡ
ģҶʶʼģˣʱһǾ׵ǲҳԵġ
ܿ죬ǹɺ뵽ҶеڣǹɺսҶеʱͻȻҶеڵͻȻڵĽɫͬһ㣬ӿ˳
ɺɽɫʱ˲ɢɫ˳ҶĵǱľѸȥɫ֮ҶѪ뾭˲ָͬʱҶϵЩҲڻˡ
һӺ
죡
һɽ֮𣬱ҶƱűĻҶȫ·ͬʱЩҶѪܵĽɫ˲䳯еӿȥһϢʱ䣬ЩɫǻصеڵĽɫأҶڵĽɫ
ĳһ̣Ҷ˫ۣһҶӿһĨɻԼȻһƷľ磡ûʱҶѾƷˣ
ΪʲôҶҲǺףͻȻҶ뵽ȻǾ仰һöɵʮޡѵãʮ޵ĻôҲֹƷɣ
ͻȻҶǸоʲôͷԼ壬ԼʱҶֱӴסˡ


213 ʵ
ԭҶƤǹͭɫģǴʱƤѾ˵ɫ
ֻţһƬӲУҶ˫һУʱǰǿ˲ֹһ
һᣬҶΪʲôˡʱı仯˵ΪΪĻ˵˵Ҫ̼ܹǿģȻǰĴ̼Ѿ㹻ǿˣҪ֪ǰıɵ˺Ѿ͵Ļϵڤ˰
ȻǱ϶ǲ̶ܽȵģĹ֮УеڵĽɫӦòҪģ
ɫǿޱȣ޸ҲǿֲúܣÿһαеڵĽɫϴˢ壬ʵõһʵķԾ
ܵ˵εʵҪΪɫȻɫ뾳Ҳ̶ȡ
ʱһϹҶǰҶļϣȻСԴ˲ҶգȻˡ
ҶǰǰֻڹޱȵСһСһǲǹҪҳǸȻǽɫңɵСһǲܺģӹɵģǰСһͷȴǶֻ֮һͣǾСһѾԤϵ˶Բߣ
תתҶ״æסСԴѣǲǹȻʵ
ΣҶע£˵СԴ
״ҶһȻʵܹǸн
ҡͷˡ
ղžòµģҶ㵵
Щ飬һҶļϣȻСԴʹزҶա
ҶЦҡҡͷеǿģеȴǴӲ˵ʱȻСһղŵľٶǴ⡭
ֻһеļȵĻ
ҶûȥˣΪѾûˣʵ˸ʵķԾǲʵưϵЩȻּӴ˼֡رڵǿȣƣȲ˵Գһ꣬ӦҲĲ̫ˣ
֮Уһûǿģ
˼ҶСһܲڳһǸÿһţʵôɱĻš
æҡҡͷСצָָҶĸȻСצƺҪʲô
ҶЦЦˣżˣڲȥˣȻ˼˼ǲܳˣΪеο϶ˣҪ֪еɲʲô⣬ԷɲСһĵڶε
죡
ʱɽͻȻһɽһҡضһ̣ɽ˲̮
վɽҶɫһ䣬ҽ͵̤أ峯ϵͬʱνϷЩ̮ľʯһն
죡
齣֮ʯɢ£
ɽ֮ҶѾ̮ɽ棬ԶֻԶǵµ׵״
Ȼɽ̮¾״ģ
״󺺣ҶƤһû뵽ԷȻ׷˹ͬʱаңԷһ׶༪ˡ
࣬Ȼ㣡״󺺿Ҷ֮дźεɱŭ⡣
ôҵҵģҶʵ
࣬㻯ҽХҲζϵСһϣȥ״󺺳
ҶҡҡͷǸˣǹѾҳˣ
࣬㵱ǰ׳𣿡Хǵ״ŭһ࣬Ǳʥ޵۹׻޶ԣҪƭ˭˵һ䣬ʥʥȻڣ
ХǵĻҶƤһǱȻǿ߶ԣȻˡʱ˿̣ҶͻȻԼĺţΪʲôǿ߶£һ쾳ȴˣ⻹ţ
Ҷ˵Х˫ֽŭ࣬һ飬㽻ǲǼɵԸϵֻСһХǿɲô£
Ҷ̯̯֣Ȼе߾֮Ӧ˵ʵ߾֮ҳϣʵܲĲӦõһ׷һ׷𣿡
ԣλХƤһˣǰŭͷԣû⣬Ҷһ˵ͻȻˣһƺԸǰһһСһﰡҪ֪ڿûǸŮǣƣҪһԶ
뵽⣬ХҶϵȻһ壬ΪҪһһ𣿲Ⱥ𣿡
ԣҶȻʧЦǰһȻ˷ƣֻСһò˵ԷĻǷǳõģֻп
գգۣȻָָХǣָָҶƺڽХǸҶ
Ҷ˷ۣԷǻεްȻףҲǻΰǻ۰ôܸأСһ̫ˣ
ȻХ˲ŭˣһɿ񱩵ɱڱӿŭȻҸһ࣬𣿡
ХǾȻҶԼҲŭˣһХǲԶȻСצһӣһϹ˲Хǵǰ
ĹХƤһ⹥ǹֽճȭǳǰϹһ䣡
죡
ϹɢХǳȻʱһϹȴͻأĳ˵󡭡


214 ģ
죡
Х⧲Ϲ˸ţϹ̺֮ĿֱֲӽХǺĳҶ߷˹
ȻδХձϹըɵһ̣һϹХǵǰǣХǱǿֱֱײϹ֮ϡ
죡
һըڳ𡭡
ǼϢʱ䣬ХǱǰ˽ʮϹ⣡
໣
ХڿͻȻӭ籩ǣ˲ָ˱壬ָХǣͷһŭХȻһԾֱֱ˹ٶ֮죬õһԵҶΪ֮ݣҶѡԹۣΪСһ˼⣬ΪСһ
һֱҶһ㣬ǾûµܹκεСһģ
ȻХʱһֱʧԭأХԭվλãͬʱһϹ˲Хǵǰ
죡
ХǶ޿ɱܣӲһϹ⣡ķһϹⲢûиʲôʵԵ˺Ҳʹʹѡ
վԭվλãХһָΣʱХɫ֮ɫХص㾿ʲô
СһûлشĻֻСצָָХǣȻָָҶȻڴǰֻ޵⣡
һԵҶһ飬Сһ뷨ǺõģʵǲпģշֻǿĻޣûģɱ˻ܡ
Ȼŭı˲䲼ХǴֿϣֱָֻҶҪҸһࣿһСС쾳࣬ʲôʸХǸ棿𣿡֪ǰֻصСһΪʲôһ࣬ǾԲģ˵ǰֻ쾳߾߾Ҳǲģ
ӵѪХħһľӢһࣿʲôЦ
ҲŭˣСצһӣ׼ٴθХһѵʱҶסȻХǣХǣôȻҲԲ򣬲Ҳˣһ֮ǾԸɲǵģ
ХƤһһЩȻֿ˿ҶĬΣղŵ࣬ʲôģ
ԣҶаһϲ治ɫһս䣬ҽǱ㣬䣬øʮֻ꣡ʮ꣬޵ʮ겻һ˲£ô
һսХϸŨŨмû㣬࣬ʱԽ࣡
Ҷʼ磬Хǣ˵ЩûĻֻҪ˵벻ıɣ
Х˫΢У࣬ģ
ȻҶ˵ͷ
룿

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ʱҶϵͻȻ˳УȻСצָָԼƺҶ
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ͬʱ֮ϵ齣һϹ⳯ХǼȥȻҲûţۿĹ켣Хǵȥ
ҶХǵ֮ĲǾ޴ģȴǲ಻
죡
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һһǸոշֿٴγŶԷײ˹ȥ
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Ҷϲ˺ХǣȻХǣҪսȥķܹƿûˣ
Хһָ˱壬Ҷ࣬ò˵ȷʵǿֻҪĴ֣ǲܵ£ҵģ
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ȻʱͻȻǰͬʱԱֻҲԣȻХΧм䡣ЦôöûӴЩɫǰļһƾʲôһҪȥռǽɫأ
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һӺХǳҶǰʱХЩǱһһģϵ·Ҳõġ
ҶХǳ˳飬Ȼ࣬Ҳ֪Ǹռ䵽ô£Ҳֻ֪֪֣ɲԽǸʵ
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ʵҶЩ޽ɫʵǷˣΪʲôΪʱʵ̫ˣЩһΪףǾͱһȺװʱСһ¾Ͳڿˡ
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217 ڧ
ҶĻʱХЩˣǺڳΪҶĴ֣ǺڸղŵСһˡֻСһֻҪУһܹףװٻҪٺüʱ䰡
һ̾Хǵ࣬еΪʲôҪˡǸռҿûʲôֵܹռջˡðһ䣬ǸʲôԷģʹ֪Ҳ˵ȥģ֮Լʱҵ
ҶҡҡͷХǣֻҪ֮ԼͿˡģʱˣһԸԳģ
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һԵʫɽķֻգĿ֮У֮ɫԽԽŨ
ȷʱɽ֮Уû໥ˣΪһͬĿ꣬ǾѰҶ
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һ֮У˾ͽٴŽڼĴҶĽͻȻͣ˽Ų˾ͽٵ˾ͽ٣㵱ҪԪԪͯĻȥ׷ɱҶ
˾ͽͣ˽ŲתĽĽ֪Ҷ֮è壬ˣҶǲ㺦ҽڳΪ֮УԿޣȴǲ֮ĴսҰܶ飬˽ˣ㻹Ҫά
Ľ¶˺εı뼥˾ͽ٣ҿҶвĵλɣҲǣҶչֳǱʵҪԽ˾ͽǸҪ̫õʱ䣬ưڶִȡõĳɼá㱾жԹҪأҺ⡣ǣ㹫˽͹˽𣬻Ҫ˵˹ûʣ˿ˣ
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֪ʮɽ֮жҶĲôĽؽڣǽڸ߲ضвӰģĽ
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ֱӽ˾ͽٵĽɢĽбָ˾ͽ٣Ȼ˾ͽ٣ͬŵӳ֣𣿡
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һ˾ͽԵļڵӣȻһϣɱ˶ĸȻ˼ɡ
˾ͽԵļڵһۣȻ˲ԥԼָĽ
ڽڣͬҪսӵģվˣպӵȻܺùվˣǽȻԶʱǶѡվ˾ͽߣΪ˾ͽƷ


218 ȸں
֮УĽȻбָ˾ͽ٣ԱߣѾ˼߱ʬ壬ЩʬȻЩڵӵġ
ĽĴ֮ǰ˾ͽٶ֣Ϊ֣ڣԷҪˣȻظĻҪȥȫʲô֡ʲôֻ֮ͬ꣬ɵ۷˲Żʱ򻹽翵Ķ
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Ľüëһԣ
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Ľ嶸Ȼͬ۶ϰ˾ͽһȻż棬ͬ㳯ʮ׵ľ롣
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˾ͽٲмȾһȥ㣬û뵽ȴԼãһŮ
˾ͽٵĻһԵĽҡҡͷ֪£µǲ֪Լ֪ǰ˾ͽپˡ
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Ⱦû׷Ϊһ֪ʱ˫һ嶸Ȼת˹ٴһѾǰĳ˹ȥ

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һоΣĻֱָ̌Ⱦ
Ⱦ΢ƣһĨЦݣд⣡
Ľ建ڿնһһУ˫ս̧ʱһɿƾն֣ͬʱеĳҵز·ʲôֲĶҪѳһ㣡
Ⱦ˫΢УһĨأ΢΢һɫ˺ѿϾĲϹ£ɫеЩѪ˿ӿٶ
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ĽһȣĽг϶£Ӱͬʱһѩ׽ƿż̶Ʒ죬·Ⱦ
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һȾżһԭһתȻбϣ˲ʱ֮ϵѪ˿˲Уһѩ׽ȥ
һưɫһѪɫصĿ֮Уһ
΢ţ
䣡
һ֮кȻ쳹һ糱ˮ㳯ϯ֮ľ˲䱻飬һƬǽ壡
ؽֲ˹
Ϊĵˣϯʱ˱ǳŸԵķ򵹷˳ȥǾ룬жʮԶ

ʱһЦͻȻڳ쳹ֻǰȥ˾ͽٲ֪ʱֳ˳С
ŷɳȥĽȾ˾ͽ˵ĵ⣬ĽȾսбɱȾֱ˾ͽɱ˵ǲǺ


219 ֣
˾ͽٵʱһԭڵϵȾͻȻһȻһѪӰԶӶȥǲһϢʱ䣬ȾѾʧ˾ͽٵ֮С
һĻ˾ͽϵȻֹת֮һû뵽ȾȻʩչ֪һӦֱӳ֣ǷϻȻ϶֮ͿԱˣ
һ˾ͽѹסеĲŭתͷ˿һϵĽʱĽΪǱɫҰףһĨ޵Ѫȫ·ã¶˴ƬĴ⡣
ò˵ĽǷǳģʹ˿̱ǱɻǷǳģʱ¶Ƭ˸
Ľ˾ͽһĨ࣬ĽĽԭ֮ԲóΪеģʹҪվҶǱߡұɱ㣬ͬһڸһᣬֻҪԸҵ˫ݵ£ҿԲɱ㡣
ĽһȻ̧ͷ˾ͽ٣Ұ׵ǲм˫ݵ£˾ͽ٣Ҳȥվӣ⸱ģҲΪĽ˫ݵ£
ԣ˾ͽкâһһĽ͹ֲˡģ֮ǰҲΪ˫ݵµģϾɫǲģ䣬˾ͽһҽֱֱĽĸ˹ȥ
ȻϵĽĵ
˾ͽһĽһȻϵƣڲдӿ΢΢ȻҪԱ
ʱѾˣ˾ͽٵĶ֣һ˾ͽ³֪ԥѡԱ
һĻ˾ͽɫһ䣬и־ҲĽٶ죬ȻĽԱˣ
Ȼ˱죡
һӰͻȻĽǰӰǱˣҶǰڰٶĵط߷սŴٵ˼ûԥǳ߸˹ȻطǼĽҪԱһĻ
ĽҲϤȻܼȣˣ
Ҷûй˾ͽ٣ѹĽͷϣڽɫĽӿȥȻЩɫѹĽѾĿ񱩵ʱ˾ͽһѾҶĽǰҶĺ󱳱˾ͽٵĽһܵĽӴ
죡
һӰɳȥɳȥĲҶ˾ͽ٣
ԴʱҶǿȣûоȫ˾ͽһܹ˵ģ
ĽҶʱʱһȻѹڿ񱩵ܻ˭Ըѡأ
ʱ˾ͽٿҶɫޱȣȻҲû뵽ɳȥľȻ
ջԼĽɫҶת˾ͽ٣Ȼ󻺲˾ͽ٣ԭʫϣǲģΪȥԸ㣬ʫǱʵе㲻ýҲʵ˷ʱ䡣ǣò˵뷨ǴģӦڵһʱͽ㣡
ң˾ͽһҶ̫Լˡ˵Ҳ˵ģҲˡȻδ·꣬Ǿһν
Ҷû˵ˣͳһзǿԼϣȻӿ뼲ѥ֮Уż粽ʩչ嶸Ȼʧԭأ˲˾ͽٵǰû˿ԥҶνһն
齣ż̶Ʒ죬˾ͽٵԴ¡
˾ͽɫˣоΪܵ˴˵еĽ⣡
ǵģҶû˿֣Ϊ֪˾ͽеƣ˾ͽٵĵƣ鷳ȻܹһԽΪʲôҪʩչƣҶɲԲУ
ѹƣ˾ͽٸ޷ȻʹûнѹҲӲˣҪ֪Ҷȫһ
Ȼ˾ͽٷӦǲģ˲⣬Ȼгᵲϣͬʱż΢΢Ħŵ棬Ѿ⣬ֻҪסҶһͳˣȻʩչԼĵơ
ʱѾȫû֮ģ֪ʩչĵƣܾܿ͵ˣ
Ȼ뷨Ǻõģʵȴǲпģ

һĽڳֻһ˾ͽͷû˽¡
ҵĵơһ䣬˾ͽٵ˲˿İ׵Ķʱһء
սǱʬ˾ͽ٣Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷ˾ͽٵһ֪Եʱǧ򲻿ɴлзϻ˾ͽٲϻУһʩչȫ϶һͽģ
˾ͽûǰܵʱʼնҶͷʼҶˣѾˣҶûиˣ
Ȼ˽⡭ҶĽЩŵ
ҶûתشĻ̌ͷԶȻЦһϷˣó˰ɣ
ҶĻĽɫһ䣬оȻˣ
Ҷ˵꣬һӰһŴ˳ӰʱĽɫٴһ䣬Ϊ˾ǰܾ˵ȾʱȾǰģа˵ļ
Ⱦ˼ͣҶЦЦԭǽĵƣһأнѹָԪͯа塣
Ҷûзϻ׼ʱȾȴЦԭǵģǴʱѾûҪˣΪ˱Ҹɱ㡣㲻ưڶһ˵꣬һֱӻһѪӰźӶȥͬʱһɫͻȻȾԭվλϿը˿
ըѪҶƤһΪ֪ʱѾ¶ΧгǧΧ


220 Ŀֲ
һҶתߵĽǰһһƷƷĽϣȻóзݵĽǰʵҪ뿪ʮɽӦòʲô£ߣ
Ľ΢ȻԥӹҶезתߣ˼ͻȻͣȻǻڼģ𣿡
ҶЦЦȻ
õҶĻشĽ˵ͷȻͣԶӶȥĽֱˣ˵ҶӦҶһͬЩ޵ġûûġ
֪˳ΪҶ׸һôûԣܹϵѡתߣ
ʧԶĽҶЦЦȻһӣ׵ǰһԾҶ׵ıϣȻʱйͻȻҶ̧ͷһֻϿ鲼ŷޣ
ˣҶܵΧϢΧЩϢ֮Уģ޵ģ
һᣬԪͯһ߳ҶߣԪͯճʱ޵۹һѩǴһ޳Ҷұߡ
Ҷµ׵ʱһ޽¶֮ɫر޵۹ߵһޣ𾪵ͬʱǷŭһֻޣȻһվϣһ尡
ѩĿҶϵһۣû˵ƺҪСһ
ɱ˾ͽ٣
ʱв֪˭һ䡣
ԣſҶԵǾʬ壬ʬģʱ˽¶ŭɫȻû뵽ҶȻͬʦֶɱ
ԪͯĿ˾ͽʬ˻ȻҶҶúݵģȻͬʦֵܶɱ
ҶûԪͯƤĿһһɨȻЦҶεºܣȻܹһһᾫӢ׷ɱư񣬿ֻҶдҰɣ
׷ɱԪͯҡҡͷҶ̫ԼˣصϢˣ˵꣬һԵѩҪҵѾҵԼ֣Ҫǳ֣
ѩǰȻҶµ׵һѹ͵׵񣬳ȵ
һӴѩѹҶµ׵ʱ¶֮ɫȻ׼Ҷ˦ȥȻʱҶϵͻȻһֱ䵽׵ͷϣСצһӣһϹ˲׵ͷϣһѪǳ׵ͷϡ
ŭ׵оָŨˣԴʹſڵϣһ˿
һĻѩɫһ䣬ɫĲļɫһˣһۣУءѩûѪѹȴѹһǰκεķ
ڣǰֻͨ׵񣬾ȻΥѩֻСһﵽʲô
ʱҲѩâһСצϣϹ֣ȻǰҵСܵˣŭˡ
ѩһڱӵǣӵѪѹ˵Ӧʮɽǣȴδ㣬ңӡУһʷҲûйļأ㾿ʲô
ûлӦѩСצ׵˻ӣ׵⣬ڿն
һĻһԵԪͯüͷһ壬ûֹΪһԲҶֻصСһȥ
׵ԽԽߣѩԵ޳ȥнҲˣһŶôв
ԣѩͷȻ΢΢̧Ȼһѹһ̣ԭҶϿյЩ޶ʱĳҶӿ˹ȥǧֻһӿȥǰƣΪˣ
һĻվ׵ϵҶɫһ䣬˫΢Ѿ׼ýϻˡȻʱϵͻȻ˿УȻһϹͻȻڱӿ˳һ̣һεѪѹͬ˳һ㳯֮ϵЩϯȥ
ͬʱʮɫ⻡ƿռ䣬Щ޺˹ȥ
վ׵ϵҶɫһ䣬֪СһŭˣΪ⼸ʮϹСһǰκһʩչϹⶼҪǿϺö౶ȻһεСһûڱԼʵ
֮ϵЩڽӴѪѹʱһ⣬ȫͣΣ¶˾ֵɫڳǰһЩϹҲҶЩϹϣ
ϵЩޣǵϵЩѹǰҲǿʼ壬һЩʵѾ˵ϣ
䡭
֮϶ʱһҽʮֻ޴ӿˤʱ׵ѾЩ޵İΧ֮УȻ󲻵Ϣʧ˵֮С
ɽģˮˣǵڶִڼ
֮ϣԶԶҶ޼ɵصĴЦ
ҶʧĵطԪͯ˫΢УɱΣȻû뵽ֻСһȻӵ˿ֲܹ޳ʱѾˣڵҶܣõֻص޵ķ
˵Ԫͯǳ඼û뵽ֻСһܹ޳ЩɶްЩСһǰȴֶңҪֻСһȻһ࣡ǾԲŵģ
ѾһϸСڵ׵ѩջĿ⣬ȻΣ뿪ʮɽ֪ͨǿȥ׷
ƻ˹أѩԵü
ѩһҲðǱգԺһΣӣ
ԣ޲ԥһУһֻӥֱ֮ϣ֮󣬺ӥһӶȥ


221 ׷ɱ
׵֮ϣҶûϲãɫΪأиŨŨ֮ɫȻ޴İΧ˳֪鷳ʼδӣҪ⣬޵۹ҲŹ
ڵ͵ˣ
ͻȻҶЦ鷳鷳ɣҶкξ֮ǵģһֱΪѹж޵۹߶Ҫ⣬ѹѹǰҶƴʵˣȻ˵ȥԿٻܻܲһⰡ
ϣԴ˲ҶգȻ֧Ҷ
תͷҶЦСһղŵĺܰղһĻ𾪵ĲֹЩ޵۹ޣҶҲͬһĻ𺳵ˡ
ȻǰȺβһҪ֪Щ޿ɶװЩȺСһǰȻңѪѹҲʵֲ̫˵㰡
գգۣԴֲ˲Ҷա
ҶЦЦ׼˵ʲôͻȻҶɫһ䣬תͷֻٰ⣬һڵٶڵٶȼ죬۾һһڵĴָСȭͷС
һĻҶͫһΪ޻߾ǿߡ
߾ϵǿôʮɽҶзǳɻ󲻽⣬ûʱȥˣΪиҪ£Ǿû˿ԥҶ׵·Ѹȥ
ҶȻɱ߾ǿߣǶԷУڸ߼İ£ȫֻһűĸ߼һŸ߼Ȼǽ˶Էģһ˶ԷǾԷˣ
ȻûѪɷֻѪɷأһ߾ǿƴѪɷ飬ѪɷѪɷ֮ķɣ϶ԼҲˣʮɽ֮һˡ
ǰһѪɷ鲻򲻵ѵʱǲᶯõģһãǾͱҪ֤ܹԷУ
׵غҶһУ׵ʱս֮УȻͳһзԼϣһԶӶȥ
Ҷʧԭʱһ״󺺱Ҷԭվĵط״󺺳Ũüۣ𣬳ҶĻͻ֣ᷢ״󺺾ǵʮɽص۹Щʼһ׷ϦµǸҲһμĻޣ
׳ڿȻתͷҲ࣬һС飬һΣѾڵ۹֮ж棬ʨѵڶΣץ㣬ҪƤɣ䣬һҶܵķӶȥ
з뼲ѥļӳ£ҶٶȻǷǳģʨ֮ľվ̫ˣʵҲž޴Ĳ࣬˽ʱҶʨ֮ľԽԽˣֻвʮɵľ룬뻹ڲСţ
ܿ죬ҶüͷΪ֣Ǹǿ⣬ΧϢڳϸЩϢϢ޵ģ
ʱҶòԾˣ˵ɽ֮ǲܳǿߵģȴǳˣ޵۹ѾƻưĹˣǿȴûгԤһ׷ɱ޵۹׷ɱ
ǺߣǻãǰߣɾЩ˰
࣬ʱһŭͻȻҶһȭͷҶ
Ҷɫһ䣬Ȼͣס壬תȭͷ˹ȥ
죡
һͳըڳ쳹Ҷֱӵ˳ȥɳʮɺҶżڿһ㣬ȻתԶӶȥ
һĻʨһĨ죬Ȼû뵽ǰֻ쾳ȻԺһȭܹܣҪ֪ǰһǳһԷȻܹһʲôǰֻ쾳ʵ࣬ǿѾ޵۹һЩ˰
ջ˼ʨһٴ׷ȥôǰһҪģֻصɫޣһҪȥģǻ𽻴ģ
ʱҶѾԼٶʩչ˼ޣ֮Ǵһǰ޹һУ֪ޱǸٻķǿϲ֪١ʵǶԷĶ֣
֮ľ࣬ʵ̫һ㣬㣬ʲôͿֲģȻӵд˵еϳ䲻⣬ܹлᣡڡɣ
ǡûûΡģȫҶޣҶϣСצϾҶ䣬˸˷ܵɫʣǰģƺڽҶܿ㣬ڿ㡭
ҶٶԽԽ죬ʨһҽ͵̤أ屩
ʱͻȻ񱼵ҶͻȻͣȻתνһն
ҶͻȻͣõñʨһ㶣ǰСȻиͷʱһɫ
ɫʨһĨмȭֱֱһ䣡
죡
һըڳ𣬽ɫ˲ɢ
һĻʨвмŨȻʱǸоʲôʨͫһ׼뿪ԭأȻЩˣֻͻȻһѪ
ʨӴѪҶǰĽɫֻһӣɱУһû֣һ˽Ȼվʧˣ
ΪմʨƤһ˲ʨ°һУסˣ


222 ŭǿߣ
һĻҶϧҡҡͷһɻУȻһͷҲصĳԶӶȥһδԶǧʱҶЩɱֵ磡
ĨĨѪʨ̧ͷѾʧ֮еҶɫ˲ǿߣȻ㱻һ쾳˵ˣܴ谡
࣬ʨģɱĲΪޣ
Ҷ󣬴ʨ
ŭʨѾҶΪʲôܹƿķҶǹǹĽʱֻһͷǾǽǰ̻
Ҷһ·񱼣Ʒз뼲ѥļӳ£ǿܹʨһ룬Ҳ֪ȥԷ׷ϣǳ¡
뵽⣬ҶüͷսʱսܣҲܲ͵ϮղѾԹˣʧˡ
ܿ죬Ҷ۾һطˣǾǶϻԨֻҪϻԨһһѵ׷ȥɣ
뵽⣬Ҷı˷򣬳Ŷϻɽķȥ
ʱһһȥҶӰӵ˺ҹȻִӺӵ˰죬ʨȴͬƹ֮һ㣬ĸô˦Ҳ˦ԷзͱԷˡ
޵۹ǿߵ£ȻʨԼϢվǱˡ
ɽǧһɽ֮ϣΪ׵ʱ޵۹Ϊ׵Ļԭ˶ţƴ·һ̱Ҫս
ԭ޵۹Ȼƻأ俴Żԭ֮дźεŭ
ԭһӣǰѾ˵޵۹ɳȥǿֻΪֻޣûȥµӳ֡ȻµǾ͹ֲˣ
ԣӳ£վû˵ʲôˡȻ֪ԭˣåò˵ԭ˾٣Ҳ⣡
ޣַȻԪŵòǱҲǱõĺá뵽⣬ӳ׳ĬӳĬһԵҲĬȻʱ뵽һȥˣ
ڵʫȻĬô˵ҶʱĿǽڣ׼Ҫ˵ʱһԵĻԭͻȻǣȻҲλ֪˴ɽ֮У㽣ڵڧĽ⣬лĽڵӶǽҶնɱˣ˾ͽҲնɱءʱ޿شʱҲѾյϢǿ
ԣʫɫһ䣬תͷӣֻӵ֣ԭûƭ㣬㽣ڴ˴βμưĵӣǸĽ⣬˶ѾҶУִ治ĵӣ㻹Ҫƫ̻𣿡
ʱһԵĿݹͻȻһЦͬУ⣬û뵽㽣ھȻͬУ
ɫѿҶԸ˽ģǾԿ˵ĺֻû뵽ԷȻɽ֮ɱڵӣѵΪɽıӻھͶԸ
ҲôʱһֱֳĬʫͻȻ˵һ䣬Ȼǳɽķȥ
ʱԭͻȻʫǰӣȥģ
ʫ˻ԭһۣȻ޵۹Ѿƻ˹أҽֺαعأ
ԭ˫΢У޵۹ǿֻȥץֻ޶ѣûȥߣ
𣿡ʫ𣬵磬Ϸֻҿ㣡
ԭͻȻЦЦƬ̣Ȼ˵ǣڳ˶ˣȻһԭҲͲѧαˡȷɳȥ޳Ҫֻ⣬һǾɱǸ޵ˣ
ԭĻʫ΢ͣһĨվ̫˰ҶԪŵӣǰ˻޼ɵ𣿶Ԫ޵۹˹ǿȥԸҶ
û䵽̶ֳ
ʫʱз𵭵ҡҡͷʫѹȥȻ̧ͷ˻ԭһڤУҪʱͻȻʫü΢һ̣һĨϲ˫֮С
ܿ죬ʫָֻƽ̧ͷһۻԭûж֣ת߻ԭλٴγĬ
ʫľٶõó˶⣬ǰҪֵģֻΪͻȻ֪ͣ뻢ԭĲ
ԭʱҲɻ󲻽⣬ǰѾܵʫˣҲ׼˶ֵ׼ֻǶԷΪʲôͣȻΪԷǰŮӣ˵ģԷǱǿߣѾףҪƾöԷη壬Ȼǲܵģ
ֻΪ⣬Ϊʲôأ
³ԭʫĽ䱸ּӴ˼֡

һï֮ܵУּΪһҲûͻȻһӰ˵֮ϣ족һʱ˿ҳա
˲Ǳˣһֱ׷Ҷʨ׷ҶѾһһҹˣ׷һ쾳࣬׷һ춼û׷Է˵ʨŭѣ޲óҶ⣬ҶѪ
վ֮У֮ܵеĹ죬ʨǿѹסеŭɫ䱸ĴΧվʲô޴֮ˣεĽ棬ѾҶʵԷʵȷʵǶԷȴǹԷֻǹҲǲµģƫƫ˴˵еĽ⣬֮еĽ
򵥵˵ǴʱҶѾܹвˣȻսȻµģԷأûˣԷѾˡ


223 
ʨǰţ۾ͣĴΧ˼ʨͻȻͣȻЦС飬ѾܵϢˣҪ𣿡
֮û˻شɰޱȣ
ʨüͷһ壬ֳǰ˫ŲһҶ֮ϣʨ˫Ÿ̤ǶҶ֮ʱʨɫ˲䣬һˡȻЩˣֻǶҶͻȻȻʨϵһ˫ţƤѥ˲˿Ѫƴ˳
˫űԷǹĽƿʨŭɽңȻҪʱɫٴξ䣬ֻһŷͻȻŴϿգȻһӴֵ׵ֱܵ׵֮еĿֲϢʨͷһ¶˺ɫ
𣡡
һŭʨûκԥ˲ָı壬ָǵ׵ǡ֮ϡ
䣡
һڼž֮кȻһһɿֲ˳Ѹɢ˿ɿֲ֮£Χ˲仯ľм

ʱнֻʨϿգһɫƿ˲ѾƤʨڽɫҪʨʱʮϹͻȻس˽ɫǰһʨϡ
䣡
ٴһըԭѾƤʨٴγ˼ѪʱǽɫҲϡ
죡
ɫ˲ʨϻһѪۣʱҶѾʨıϣ˫齣׼ʨԴݺݲȥʱʨͻȻһҶ˲䱻˦ȥײһŴϡ
죡
ʱѣҶ˵֮ϡڵ֮ϺҶһ̾ûκԥͳһзԼϣȻӿ뼲ѥ֮У˶ȥʱϵͻȻСצһӣʮϹǺѾҶ˹ʨ
䣡
һٴ֮𡭡
֮֮ٴλָƽʱʨνǼΪǱıϣһƬһƬɺ켡¶ڿУѪ䱳ͬˮȥ
࡭࡭
һʨָΣĿЩĿҶߵķʨ˫ֽճȭĿ£֮һ˻ƵͻȻ֮쳹𣬷ǣ

ӳ֮Ҷæó˼ʯʼţȻӿ뼲ѥ֮УŶϻɽķȥ
ǰʨˣʱҶлڿϧءǰΨһһŸ߼ּСһ͵ϮȻȴûܹԷֻǸԷһƣǵƣ֪һ˵ʲô
ӶԷ˦ȥͿԸܳˣѡߣǽԼеʩչԷƴһսҪ֪Էһӣʮɽ֮Уֻܸɿˣ
ûаٷ֮ٵİɱʨǲὫԼеʩչġΪһƾֲɱʨ鷳Ĵˣ
ȣڿ϶ǲŹģΪѪɷ飬¶Էɳ߾ǿߣһܹշ޵鱩¶ʱ˵޵۹ԻŪ¾ص۹ᶢʱ̸ʲôȥĸף
ܵ˵ڵʵ̫ӵЩĶĶ뱻Щԣֻܵ͵㣬ٵ͵һ㡭
һ·ϣҶ޼ɵƴţΪǰСһ￪·Сһѹ£֮һֻ϶ûУ˳Ȼ޵ĵƣСһͻѡ·
ڵСһﶼ޷޵ģ˵滹һ
ʱһһȥܿˡ
ҹʮɽΣյʮɽҹر⣬Ϊ޶ҹģ統ҶڶϻԨ׼ǸҹȺȻϵͣܶడûоԵʵʱǷǳƵģ
ҶûѡˣȫޣȻǿԿҹվǺܲ㡣ȻҪҪ׼һεķˣҶɲϲˣܹԷȻٺòˣܸԷɵ鷳ҲǷǳġ
Ҷ뷨ǺõģʵǲпģһΣʨûڸ׼ˣΪͣĲһᣬһӰԿȥͬһʯһ㣬ص˵ϣõ涼һ
ʨͻȻ֣ҶƤһǰһôôˣѵԷҲз
࣬Ҫȫͷһ飬ȻڽһһȥģҲɱģһŸһУʨԹĿҶ˫ȭĿ졣
ҶüëһȻЦ㻹ʲôɣģûŪʲô壬˾أɣ
ҶĻԭҶʨȴͻȻͣϵŭҲƽϢһЩ뵽ǰҶ͵ϮʨԴʱһЩ
ǰǰΪʲôˣΪʲôҪͣʨԽԽп϶ʲôı£ûҶʶĳͬʱ񲻶ϵĴΧǿķǿҲʵǲ밤ڶˣ
ʨľٶҶаЦȴǼΪƽô㲻ҪҵĹͷҾվ㵹ǹô㲻һСС쾳˰ɣ˵ţҶ⳯ʨ
ʨûзŭϵĽ䱸ŨˣȻǰվȻǾǶԷһǰһʲôУ
뵽⣬ʨС飬㾿ʲôϷб汾սһ
汾սһҶһȻЦŵ˵ͷãɣ汾սһΣɣҾ⡭


224 ˣ
ʨ˫΢ɫĿ£һɿ񱩵ӿ˳Ҷŭ࣬ʲôʨ㣡˵ţ׼
ȻʱҶȴһƨ˵ϣֻҶв֪ʱһѷԣôһССأֻһСС쾳־ͿأɣҪԼҾˣ
ҶһѷʨƤһͣǺ֪ǰƿǵ׾ַŪģһֱ׷ǰ࣬ҲΪַ
ǰжǰַ
뵽⣬ʨʶĳǰĲڳˡ
ʨٶҶվȻ̯̯֣Ȼ㲻ˣ˵꣬ҶתһһĳԶȥǵģûκһһߣǰģ·ڵʨ׷ȥƵģ
ҶıӰʨһǰȥȻһԸģҪ׷ȥеɵΪԷǲ
ʨԥУҶѾ߳˶ʮˣʵʱҶǷǳŵģʨʱԷƴһսˡһΣû͵ϮƣֻԷӲԷӲҪ군ģóؽⶼûã
ʨ֮ľ̫ˣ
ǿϧʨõΣյľأ߳ʮɺҶͻȻٶʩչ˼ޣһĨӰԶȥһϢʱ䣬Ҷʧʨ֮УǱ˺£
һĻԭԥʨͻȻʲô²ԥһԾֱֱҶԭվλá
վҶλƬ̣ķ磬ʲôҲûС
ʱʨĻ֪Էˣˡ
һĨ˲ӿʨӣ˫۳죬ʨŭҽ͵һ̤أʱ˿ͬʱһŭҹ쳹ȥ
С飬ܵص۹ʹҲɱ㣡

ҶһȻûм󵽴ʱʨǺεȵķŭȻҲǷǳģϾһǿ߱һ쾳Ϸˣ˭϶Ҳܲ˵ģ
ȻҶûе⣬ûʲôõģϾһֱ׷ܵҶǶԷ̫ǰĴ»ļΪ⣡
ҡҡͷеҶͳһзԼϣȻó˼ʯʼšȻзļӳ֣ûмѥĻٶȻǵвԷģһ⣬ǾǼѥʵ̫ˣ
ӶԷ׷ɱڣѾöʯ˵ȻǲֵһᣬǱߵĻöʯǿһʴĿзͱ˵ˣĳ̶ȣʹԪŵŵŵӿ¶ûܹӵУ
Ҷ֪ܹһֱǿߵ׷ɱѣ˵ǶǮӡġûʯûһзҶţҲԲһǿӵ˵ľã
ҶԼʵһֱҲһֱԼ̬ڵĺԣʹǰһȲ㽫ǿɱûΪԼѾܹǿƽƽˡ
ΪˣҶ¾ͻɱЩ˵³һˡ
ԽԽϢҶջԼ˼ȻӿٶȣԶӶȥ
ʱһһţܿ죬תѾˣһֺգ£ϣůůġ
ʱҶ֪Լʮɽʲôط֪ڵλϻɽ϶ǷǳԶġضɽ֮ңضϻɽȴֻǧԶҹ·Ҳǧ
򵥵˵ٻҪƴܸ켸ҹпܴﵽϻɽ
켸ҹ뵽⣬ҶüͷʨѾԽԽһ죬ͻᱻԷ׷ϣоʨ֪ʲôٶԽԽ죬òһ죬ͻᱻԷ׷ˣ
һҶתͷȻСһûʲô취Ǹһ
գգۣȻСצ˼£ȻǽҶԷӲƴ
ҶЦҡҡͷҲһսս
ָָҶĸ
ҶҡҡͷȻڶģһǶǸһô죿ʱǾˣȷȺŹʨңΪ׻޶Щ޵Ƿǳġ
ʹڵЩ޲СһڶԷǰս϶Ҳǻ½ģ
ԣΧŹ뷨
ҶٴηԣЩˣСצҶĶ䣬ȻҶգƺڽҶԼ취
ҶЦҡҡͷһ̣һһĨȻȻҪԷ׷ɱǻԷսһΡȻԷӲӲǿ϶ǲеģȻ潻֣Ǿֻ͵Ϯˡ
뵽⣬Ҷ˿ȫӿ˼ѥ֮УȻʩչ粽廯һӰԶȥ
Ҷٶºʨʱ˾롣
ҶʨܵҶӿٶʱɫ΢䣬һȴ¶һ˿ϲ⣬һС飬ӿٶȰɣ;ӰɣҵҪʯֲܹ
ʮɽ֮бûУǲݴִɽܶ࣬ҶѡĵصȻ֣û취ֱϾڡ
죡
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С飬ôˣ
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225 ֮
ҶʨЦЦȻڵ㣡
ңʨƤһȻЦС飬Ϊһĵ𣿡
Ҷʼ磬ȻЦҾ㻹ᣡ
𣿡ʨЦЦȻҶ˹ȥ߱ߵ㿴ҹˣĹˣ˵˵ţʨѾߵҶǰɴȻֵ㿴ҹˣ
Ҷ˵ͷǰһ𣿡
ʲôң˵һΣʨ䣬ȻֳҶ
ʨĽŸµ֮ʱҶжʱһȻһʱ

ʨΧͻȻһֻ֮ʨΧͻȻʮ⣬ʮһ̣ҶĿ£ʮ⳯ڽʨȥǰٶȣǰõʨͫһ
ΪҶʩչؽ⣡
ؽӳ£ʮٶΪֲ֮һ֮ȼյıһ㣬ڳв𣬲ˣ֮ռ䶼һ󶯵ƼΪˣ
һΣʨЩ־ˣǵģܵʮʱʨһβǼɵЩ־ˡΪ̺֮Ŀֲ⣬Ѿܹвˡǵģ־ǽ⣡
ȻؽⰡСɰǰŶ󣿲ʮɣʮĽСɣչȥǡ
ʨûʱȥˣΪʮѾǰ
𣡡
ͬһûκԥͻָ˱壬ջָ壬ʮЯſֱֲϡ
졭
ʮĽֱûʨǼӲƤȻʱʨͻȻ˫͵ĵأȻһɿֲڱӿʮ˳Ȼʮձһ̱ٴγȥ
ʨһûȥӲʮʮÿһѶĽ⣬Ҫƿķ׾٣ȻһɥʵûҪȥƤ֮ࡣԣʮٴεȥʱһԾŲԶҶ˹ȥ
ȻҲֻ֪нҶǸ
ȻʱȴûҶ΢ƣԼĨЦ⡣
ʨǾ޴ҶǰʱҶ˫΢΢һ˲ȻһԾУҶһ齣ϣȻҶǰʨ͵ؼ
齣
Ҷһ齣ĽͻȻʮɫЩҶκһζҪΪʮɫؽļӳ֣
˽ľ룬Լײʨ޷ܣֻӲʮ
졭
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Ҷͬ޷ܣȻɲԴУȭȭͷ֮ϣֶȻֱֱǱȭͷʮʨƺ˹ȥ
죡
һͳ죬һӴʨľƣҶͫһȻһɾϮҶһѪ˳Ȼ峯󵹷˳ȥɳʮɺڽôײϺͣ
ʨ׼ʤ׷ʱʮͻȻųһֱߣλһ⣬ȥ
𣡡
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ͣ
ʮûбɣƿʨľ޴ʨƣǾ޴ʨĴһѪȻٶȲĶʨƺʨȥ
״ʨǾ޴ͫһȻû뵽ؽӳµȻ˿ֲʱѾܣҲûԴУһڣԭʮش
ͣ
ʮʨشضһ޴ѪʨشȻĿȻδʮմʨأٴα仯󣬻һʨͷһԲȦȻ·ʨֱȥ
ʨͫһѾ̵ĿֲȻȥӲʮ˫͵ĵأٴԶڴϿƽҶ
ǿǿϣʱķҶǰѾûаãΪڽСɵļӳ£ѾƿķԣʱһûˡڣֻʣһƣǾȻǰҶҲΪǿȣǲ࣡
ʨϮҶɫһ䣬ʱҶϵͻȻӿһѹʨӴѹʨٶȶʱһͣ˫ĿУ𾪣Ϊ֣ǰСѪѹȻЧõֲĸо
ǰС㾿ʲô
ʨͷȻǽԼǿߵƺޱͷ˳ֿѪѹͬʱһߣȻǿϵҶȥСǲɱˣɱҲˣΪԭķԸΪҲС϶ˣʨɲС
СǲܣԼɱǰҶҲҪɱģ
޴ʨƣż̶ֱֱҶѹ˹ȥʨƻδǾ޴ľֱӽҶǿŴһ״
Ǿ޴ʨƣҶ˫΢תһתž㵵ط֣ʱѾûаˣżǰԼʩչѾһˣ
һһһֱеɫڵǿѪɷ黺
׼ѪɷʱʱһϵĴЦͻȻڳ
нʮĽСɣǧڳһˡ쾳ʵǿ¼˾ã˵ǿߣϵķ緶
䣬һۣбһƺ«İ׷˹ƾճҶǰ


226 ϵ
׷ͷҶǰʱʨͫһѸӿϾΪûͷôֵģƾһ㣬ѾףԷʵ֮ϣֻʱѾǼϣǲò
ǣʨ¶һĨɫ޴ʨϵּӴ˼֡
ʱͻȻһ⣬֮죬õѾǿߵʨûܿ壬ֻ޴ʨƣͻȻһѪ˳ȥڽٶʵ̫죬ϢʨŸоľʹ

һҵĲҽ֮쳹ʨӴ˵ϣŰ׷ͷ޴˫֮УǾ֮ɫ
ڰ׷ҶʱҲ𾪵Ըӣʨǿ߰ǿ߾ȻͷһжŲȥǰͷѵ߾Ǵ˵еĻ߾ǿߣ
׷ͷûʨתҶҶ󣬰׷ͷ¶Ц⣬˵ͷû뵽ûô꣬ڳһӣСɣ첻ڰýֶһţ
׷˵ĻҶԥһ£ȻʵǰǷǽǰ
׷ͷһĨ죬Ȼ˵ͷûСӣ֪Ҿˣ
ԣҶʱһû뵽ǰͷȻǽڴ˵еػˣ֣˭˲֪˭˲ǿٻ߾ϵǿ߰
Ҷ𾪵һԵʨ˳ʱǾ޴˫еľָŨˣͬʱҲ뷨򳬼ǿǰһףʸû
ѹסе𾪣ҶЦЦȻǰǰлǰֻ֮ǰ»֪Ѿǽڵӣ
ǽڵӣüͷһ壬Сӣ㿪ʲôЦЩļһ˵˽⣬ϵŴӼĵطĿľСӱЩԽڲ˳ˣϵˣȴ˵㲻ǽڵӣϵˣ
ԣҶһ飬ǰȷʵѾǽڵӡ˵ţҶٴν뽣֮˵˳
ҶĻɫκҡҡͷСӣ㽣ͨ˽⣬˵ϵҲ֪ضǲڳԻͷݡϵݣϵȻҲȥǿһ˼뽣ڣ
ԣҶһǰͷʫһҪ뽣ڵĻΪˡĲ룬ʹʫϣҲ롣ãǰͷͨģ
˿ҶһۣȻȻѾǽڵӣǴ˴ȴǴμӵưģ˴ʮɽ֮УܵĲƽĴϵһʹͷ޿ʼɣ
䣬תҲζֻһٴڳһȻʨûӦԴǷ˳ȥͬʱ˵ӰҲǹʧԭء
Сӣʮɽ֮ɱ¾ɣǽԪǸԪͯԼڵǸȾģǿ߳ʮɽ֮ˣ

ɽһǧɽ֮ϣ˵ӰͻȻ˳Уõɽ֮ϵɫһ䡣
ǰȻعˣ𾪵ʵ
ʱʫҲعˣ˶һ񣬹ʦ
һĻ˶ʱһǰ׷ͷȻ򳬼ǿߣˡ
һԵĿݹɫʱЩѿڵĶԹǿǰ˶֣˵ʲôӣЦˣһ߾ǿߣһǧǰѾǻ߾ǰѣ
ȻֻǲһףһףرмĲ࣬κιֲܹģ
˿ݹɫѿ⣬һԵĻԭɫҲǼΪѿǰ򳬼ǿߣȻ֪ģһû뵽һССư񣬾Ȼ⴫˵еĳǿԷΪǰ¶鷳Ļ
뵽ͷԭʱ鲻Խصһ
ûӵʻʫ΢΢ͷȻ⣬ǽִϣ
æ˵ͷ
ִôģͻȻŭ˶ѾĿŵƻưĹأΪڵִϣȴһԲŲʣʲôʱĿŵĵزˣ
ͷ亹˲ȻҶ죬ֳֻܱĬ
ҡҡͷЩȷʵûˣû䲻ҪֻҪڵ˻йѪԣǽھͻϣڵЩʧȥˣηηţǽھˣ
ǰһ岢û轣ڡһԵĻԭ׼˵ʲô
ȻʱȴǶȻתͷ˻ԭȵϵ˵ʲôʱֵˣ䣬Ӱʧԭء
ž
һڳͻȻֻǻԭ˾ĿУֱӷ˳ȥʱȴѾֻصԭء
Գ˵ʵǰһĻǾǻԭϳһİӡ
Ȼ˸𺳵˵ʵ߾ǿߣǰ֮ûʵļ⣬к֣һ£ǾΪʲôѾûˣȴȻڣһ֮һ
Ϊڣ
һԵɫҲǰ˵ĳ֣Ѿ֪˵Ĳ࣬ǰ׷ͷһġӦ˵Ԫ֮гƽ֮⣬ûܹǰͷĶ֣
׼ȷ˵¶ûʸǰͷĶ֣
һ̣ڳжš


227 ʣ
ԭһĳȥֿ⣬СѾǽڵʧ㣬нǰﲻļһﶼΡѾǽڵˣҲЩ¡ȥĻڣ뽣ڻѡһ˳ȥչء
˵⣬ͻȻʫȻѾͷͲˣ
˵꣬˲ڹ⣬תɨڳһۣȻưĹϵȥƻǣҲȥƻ˵꣬ٴһ⣬ֻԶվĻԭһֻұ۴һѪ˲׷˳ȥ
֮㹷Ҫ֪ȻѾû䣬ȴҲʲô˶ܹģɫҰ׵Ļԭ˵һ䣬Ȼһֱʧԭء
ʧһԵЦЦû뵽һμʦ뵽ǰʦĻһ̾ĵԼ̫𣿿Խ״ʵǲӦа
ҡҡͷⲻȥЩˣΪڿʼû֮ǰڿʼʫˡ
Ȼ˲ǽڵˣĻڽǾǽԣûκ˻ȥΥҲȥΥȻ˵ʫִϣǼʹǽڵЩ̶κˣ
ʱʫȴֻǿɽķ򣬳Ĭ
֮УȥҶʱ˷ΪʲôΪǰһ޵ʬ壬޵ʬ尡ǿȫǱȻҶֻһ޵ڵȭͷСڵҶûۣǱһԵСһֱӱڻˡ
ȨСһҶ˷ۣСһļڵܹСһʵöڵȻ׼Сһˡ
޵ڵҶһǾ޵һƤң޵ƤȥһףҲǵؽװ
Ҷ׼ʨƤʱͻȻһȺ˳ҶУһȺ˴ӷװӦöӵɢޣԼʮʱʮҶüͷһ壬Ǻܿ죬ҶֱӺȺˣȻó齣ʼƤ
ϵգգۣȻҲЩˣȻСצеǿڵ
ܿ죬ʮߵҶǰʮɵľˣ߽ɺʮͣʮ˵Ŀ˵ǾʨʬϣʨʬʱȺ˽иһḬ̃СһеǿڵʱѾ̰ǻˣ
ֵܣʱȺ֮ͻȻһϤõҶʱͣ˳ƤĶȺ
Ⱥ󷽵ļʱҶΪȣΪʶģ˲Ǳˣǵйһ֮Եǻ壬庣ԼǴϻ۵ĺѩ
˻ǰΪ׵ĻЦЦǰҾ;ЩϤû뵽ֵܣɰ
ԣҶŨȻʵûȥƹȼϣΪʱҶ֣ڳЩ˺񶼲ʶ
ҡҡͷǶûȥˣһˣ˵ţתһԵһֵ꣬ܣϹϹֵܣǵ۶Ĵ֮һϹҵӣϹֵֵܿһǳѾƷأǷֱ˱Ȼ齨һ飬ʮɽ֮ɱޣǸƹûȥ
ĻҶ˵ͷȻϹԵĿ꣬΢΢ͷǴкˡ
ϹԵĿҶצпһۣȻſҶֵǽڵӣȻҶе齣
ҶҡҡͷǣˣȰλһ䣬ʱʮɽ֮е޶ѾһλǱĴѰɱˣشص۹ɣ
޶һ𣿡ѹ֧Ѱ˰죬һֻ޶ûҵ
ǰˣҶûжУµشص۹ɣѾ㹻ˣûҪʮɽðˣ
׼˵ϹԵһͺͷͻȻҶǰһСצеڵʨʬȻЦֵܣ޳еڵ˴ŨӦ޵ڵɣ
ҶشһԵϹҲͻȻЦֵܣ¸¾ǼҸٳһֱҲʵТ壬ڵҲ⣬ֵ֪ܿɷȻҿһƷֵܽ
ԣҶȻʧЦƷڵǰƤö˵㻰Ҫ֪ƷȻ󣬵ֻҪʮңܹչģ޵ڵǻ򶼲һܹյģ
ǰ˾ȻüʮĶҪĶǰ׳
ڻ˵ϣҶҲû˵ʲôĻֻҡҡͷǸڵô
ҶĻԭ׼ŭͻȻСצҶĶ䣬ȻҶľܾǷǳģЦӿġ
ҶܾϹ˫΢һâһ
һԵǸͺͷϹԵ»⣬ȻЦֵܣе㲻ðɣʵ϶ǲնɱͷ޵ġͷޱضǿնɱȻģνзݣֵҪ̣ɲãֵܿɲӦ
Ǿǣзݣ޵ʬȫǱƾʲộƾʲô
壬ֵҲ̫˼ˣôʶ˽ˣ
ߣǿʶķϣ߾Ͷˣֱӽڵʬߣܷɣ
˵Ļ˶ʱΪ޵ڵʬ壬ǵȻҲĶΪҶȹǣҲֻĶѣȻЩֵܿɲǽֻĶѡ


228 ɱ
Ϊ׵ϹЦЦֵܣǰȻЧֻҪԸԺҾֵܣиͬͬʮɽһ𷢲ƣΣ
ҶЦЦȻˣһᣬߣ
һԵϹüͷһ壬ǰʲô˼ѵҪһȫɣ
ҶĻһ㶣Ǻܿ죬кѩŮȻعˣĿҶһۣȻ˿ԥתߡ
ѩߣһԵĻ庣һۣҲҶһۣȻǸ˺ѩ
뺣ѩദʱԺѩǻѣΪÿһεΣչͷǺѩǻ۾ǡڼѩԥľȥʱ֪϶ҪˣҲûκԥǸȥ
ǽ庣ȴûѡȥΪ޵ʬ壬޵ʬӴ󣬾ʮ˷֣Ҳֵܷһ֣һóȥҲһǳļǮˣ
ֵܣҶֵܡ庣ƺС
ȻʱҶȴǰ˰֣Ļ֪ϺֵܹסջģûеֵסҪۣ
䣬Ҷһӣ޴˳УͬʱҶһֱϹԵǰȻνһն
ҶһɱˣҲԲһʴȵˡ˲ңҲˣңұطˡǰЩ˰Ҫڵʬ壬ȻȻɵȥԷʲô
޴ƺûкøУҶķԸ볯ųʮ˹ȥ
һĻϹ˶ʱȻһĻǵ󡣱˵ˣκһһĻᱻ𾪵ĲСһȻٻһȺޣ
ϹûʱˣΪҶǿһѾͷϣǽ̺ĿֲϹѸӿһĨ֮ɫףһֱһֱ̫͹ǰҶˣ
ϾȥϹҽ͵صŵأ峯ɾ룬㿪ҶһҶ΢΢ȣҲû뵽ǰ˾Ȼܹ㿪ȫһȻûӳֽ⣬ȫһ֮£Ҳһܹİ
ֵܣ뿴ġʱԶͻȻ庣ĺȻСҵҹ£һĻ˵ꡣ
Ҷûȥ庣ѾԷһλᣬȻԷȴջ·ᣬֲΪų޴ʱڳ;Բһ˻뿪
ӿ˲뼲ѥڣҶҽ͵һ̤أһöڵһ㣬ϹԼȥǰȺ֮оϹǿֻҪϹԣ˾ͲΪˣ
ҶٴγϹƤһƽʱǲҶһսģǴʱʱΧֻްЩ޵Χ£һʱ䣬ߵ˾Ѿ˹룬Щ޽ߵˣԸʱˣ
ˣϹԱ⣬һҽڳʱԥӿҽ͵̤أ峯˶ȥ
ϹҪܣҶһȻͺȵ粽
䣬ҶٶȶȻӿ죬ֱӻһĨӰ˲ϹԵǰȻٴΰνһն
Ҷ׷ţϹһĨɫͣ壬һһУȻǱҶݺһ
ն
ϹԵһȣһ״ʱн⴦Ŵƿļ죬Ҷȥٶȼ죬⽣ȻΣǵģڽȻֱֱʧ˿У
ºնؽƷ佣䲻Ϊ죡
Ϲǿһʱ˾καʹԼǿܹһǰҶɱȻòˣܣҲû£ֻҪҶˣܹѾͿԣ
ǹĽʧҶһû뵽⽣Ȼܹ䣬ܿ죬ҶϾ¶˵Ц⣬ͨһĿǣͱǰĽƼΪ죬ǰȴǴȻͨԵ⣬ΪϹû۷壡
Ҷһ齣бϡ
ͣ
һǰνʱпУȻϹԾĿУȻ飬һ˶Ȼ֣ĳ󵹷˳ȥ
ʱҶͻȻĳϹԵǰϹԾʧϹҵӣүүԪųϣҸǡ
ҶûôʴȻ˵꣬齣ֶһϹֱϹǰضϹԶʱ˫ԲǺ⣡
һϹԣҶһУ齣ϹϴɽɵУûв鿴ɽ֮еĶΪΧһЩǿһҶЩڴӶȥ
Ҷս󣬳սһǽˣʮˣȫ⣬һ
˱ǰҶĵĺ壡
ֵܣ̰ˣҲԣֵܿϡ庣ƣȻû˵ֻ꣬ҶȻʧԭأǰȻ󡭡
Уһͷ׷˳ȥ
ֱֱȥĺʬ壬Ҷҡҡͷģ
صʬ壬Ҷ΢΢ҡͷһ̾ұκ˱ҷ񣿡ʵ˵һʼûҪЩ˳ֵģΪЩ˲ûȥƹȣҲ˵Щ˵ʱûжҶ֣ԣڵ֪Щ˲ûȥƹʱоûҪǳ֣
ֻûԱ˳֣ȴҪ֣
ҡҡͷҶȥЩʼ˴ɨսƷʮöɽռҶʼ鿴ԼսƷˡ


229 
ҶջķᣬʯԼǧöڵõҶЩȣΪڵʮţҲ˵ЩѾڵϵɢһѾʸμưڶֵĴˣ
Щ˲̰ĵĻصرضܹһǰ;ǿϧԶҲزȥˣʮã
ȻҶûеģЦʮɽûЩ޴˵Ҷزȥˣ
ڵ⣬һõҶ־ϲǾϹɽ֮еһⱾǰϹʩչǸؽƷն
ؽƷҶôܲϲҪ֪Ǽٵģ齣뽣ָѾԸЩˡɱģҲĺδʩչȭ
μưҶǷ֣ԸЩŵӣǵؽ׵ɡǰδʧܹĺˣڲμưЩŵӽ֣ûгɹ
ЩҲǵؽϵҲǵؽףǼؽ׷ʩչȫʵ˼վǸɱ˲˼ҷֺ
ԣư֮Լص۹ŵӵ̨Щ츳ĺܺ⣬ΪЩ˵Ĺ
򵥵˵һɢһŵʵ࣬˫װȴر˵˭ʤ˭ܣ
ҡҡͷҶջ˼ȻϱӶȥ
ԭǾȥĴٵģıˡɽĽʱ仹а££׼ǱؽⱾؽնѧᡣưϵѾһ֣ʵ˵ͨӽأûܹսʤЩ
رǸԪͯԷֻ¶˱ɽһǾѾǿڶִ֮ԷҪƾʤԷȻǲܵġԣµʱ䣬ŵؽѧᣡ
ܿ죬Ҷҵһ
һƬֵ֣Ϻһ͵ɽ壬ɽһˮ̶ˮɽ֮Ϸ£ˮ̶֮У˻
վˮ̶ߣҶ׼ʼʱϵͻȻǰСצеڵȻָָԼָָҶе
ҪҶʵ
æ˵СԴ
ҶΣȻΣյ£Ҳļ֪𣿡
գգҶҶԴǰͷ˲ҶͷȻһϹûҶеڡ
еĽĿ֮䵽ǽɫȻһɫȦȻΧţȭͷڵ֮Уһɹʵʵǽɫ֮еѸӿȥ
ܿ죬·һһ㣬ʹǽɫڵ֮еسӿȥ
һĻһԵеĽ֮ɫŨˣ
Ҷ˫ۣҡͷЦЦˣСһȻܶʱ򲻿ףʵ£ӦûǲġȻǶĻǾͲһˡ
ջ˼ҶһӣֻӰǰǰֻӰҶסܣҪκ޽
֪ǰеĵλֻӰҵҶһۣޱǳȥ
ȥҶߵˮ̶ߣȻǵؽ˳ȱľļ粽ûмѥļӳ֣Ǽ粽Щǰȫ
ԣѡ
ʱһһȥת۾Ѿȥʮ졣
֮УҶ˫΢ţĳһ̣Ҷ˫۶Ȼҽ΢΢һʱһӰǰһӱȥٶȹ죬֮Щ־Ȼ类紵һ㣬ҡ
ǿǰһɴʱҶ˫һУȵ֣
䣬ҶͻȻһȻһҶһģһĻҶߣҶһγ齣ǰӾ͵һǷҶҲͬҶһ㣬γе齣͵һ
죡
һڳ֣ҶǰǿӶʱ룬һĽ۳˵֮ϣ
ʱҶߵǵͻȻԽԽ͸Ϣɢ˿С
ʧڿеķҶЦҡҡͷǶģûʲô̫ΨһƣһƣȴûС
򵥵˵ȴʵǿˣԻᱻԷһ۾Ϳ
ʱҶҲûа취ؽͲѧԪҹΪԪŵӣغѾȻԷȴҲֻأĵȴֻʮʱ䣬ܹʮһȫĽɫ
ΪҪ󼫸ߣҪǼѵģĽɫȣպ÷ǳ׵ҪܹʮͷֳһҲ˶ˡ
Ҷû꣬ʮܹﵽĳ̶ȡ
նһҲֻǸţȻֻǸţȴõҶϲһѡΪڽļӳ£նٶȣѾϹ֮£رǹЧǹ̶ѾȫϹˣ
ܵ˵ʮĿޣջǷǳģ
һҶڣеڣɻЩɫڵϹʮѾɫ¶ĿֲϢõԭΧ޶ԶԶģ
Ȼʮ˲ջСһͬҲǣ
𣡡
ʱһŭͻȻұԶ쳹ȥ
ӰĽҶ˫һУ


230 ս
⣬һȭǱʹʮӰɣȻһһȥ
Ϊ˵Եʣ޵۹ȻǲΥϵ׷ɱҶˡⲻ޵۹ͷŹҶޣأ޽ҶɱǾҲ˵ʲô
ǣˡΣ޵۹ǾܣҲƣΪصһвʵ̫ˣ
ҲҶֻصΪУû취޵۹в̫⣬ΪθǷ޵۹޻ʣ
ǵģһΣ޵۹߲ˡ
ͻȻͣ˽ŲΪʱҶѾǰˡ
Ҷ޳㲻ûʮɽģ
ҶЦЦ޵۹ǷҪˣ
ֻصҷȥ޳
ҶҡҡͷȥһΣ
˫һУû˵ʲôˣǵģѾûҪ˵ʲôһҶȥֽճȭż̶Ʒ쳯Ҷֱֱ˹ȥ
ҶǰɾʱͻȻͫһ嶸ȻͣסȻЩˣһ΢ƷڳȻֻһۼѼĲǰȻ֣һ̣ǰ·ֱӱѣ¶ǹĹĵ⣡
ǰһĨѪĳ֣
һеģȻҶЩϧΪƿ޵ķͱָסҲǰһ֣
̧ͷҶУأùĽùĽһֱҶСˣǵģǿʶڼӦĿ죬»ᱻһģ
Ҷûзϻһ齣Уһλޱȥû֣Լٶ˼£˲޵ǰȻؽӿ齣޾͵һ
ڼһ̣Ҷĵ׾Ͷʱһ֮𣬶һ壬ΪСһԵʣһֱ飬Ӳ޵鷳޵۹ȴҪСһ鷳
Ȼʲô飿ԣһΣֱʩչؽ⣬Ŀһɱǰޡ
ȻҪǾͳ׷ˣڵҶҲӶ࣡
ܵҶؽʱɫʱ䣬ǹεĽ⣬õеĸܵϢ
˿Ĵ⣬һȣеҶһֱֱȥʵ̫֮Ȼֱ˺ѷ飬һֲ֮
䣡
ɿֲһӴһʱڳ쳹ͫһһ۸˲ӿ֮ͬʱվȻ˲̮ݣȥʱҶһ齣бϣ
̺ſֲ齣ʵĽɣҶһĨɫһת齣޵ĲӺ˹ȥ
齣жͷһγ˾֮ɫȻû뵽ؽ֮µҶȻ
䣡
һŭһȻ嶸ȻȫʼһϢʱ䣬ԭ͵޾ͱһͬСɽȻ
ʱһֻ޴Գ߰ɣңڣ޲һ޵ı༫ƣȻ֮Ĳر
ͣ
Ȼ޻ָ˱壬ҶĽ׾ٵĴ̽Ĳ֮УֻǰѽǾ޴ͳ£һǩһ㣬齣̺֮Ŀֲ޵Ĳֱӳһ޴ĿӣѪʱͬȪһ˳
𣡡
ӴʹõͷһŭȻǾ޴ֱӳǰҶ˹ȥ
Ҷͫһ齣æתǰ
죡
Ǿ֮еĿֱֲӽҶĵ˳ȥڷɳʮɺ˵ϣȻִŵ泯˽ʮɣײһž޴ϣڽײϺҶͣ
޾޴¶һĨ׹⣬ҽһ̤أʱһǽ洫Ҷ˹ȥ
ʱҶѾվȫµʹУҶҲ¶һĨأԳյʵеֲʵõȵǰһ¾ֱˣ
ͬһСɽѹ˹Ҷһڽɫ齣֮ӿ˹ȥڽɫϵӿ£齣֮ٴα貵ĽϹ⣡
ĳһ̣Ҷ齣ֱָޱ壬ҽ͵̤أ˴޵ı屩ȥ
ɫؽļӳ֣ҶǿͨˣʱҶٶѾﵽ۷壬£Ҷ齣֮еĿֲǼǿֲģ֮ռ䶼ԵĶռ·ʱҪһ㣡
Ҷ齣ĿֲޱǾ޴˫۶ʱ΢΢һУ²˿⣬һ֮ϣһۼ׶ʱֶȻҶݺ˹ȥ
ʱҲûбԼıʩչ˳Ҫ֪ۼ׿൱һؽڼǿʱķѾﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȡ

齣ǲۼ׵ľ֮ϣһĽཻڳ쳹
ҶûƿԼķ޶ʱһϲȻʱҶȴһȣƣ
䣬Ҷ齣͵һֻ͡һ齣˲ƿۼףȻҶ˴޾֮һ


231 
޾֮Ҷ˲޵ǰȻ޾Ŀ֮У齣޵ĲĨ˹ȥ
ʱһŭͻȻڳ
࣬ס֣
Ҷ΢΢һ٣һΪٻ֮⣬Ҳ˵һ߾ǿߣһ̣Ҷ¶һĨٶȲ齣޵ĲĨ˹ȥ
ס֣ʲôЦҶǰ׳
ң
Ҷ㣬Ȼŭɽңļӳ£һҶ쳹ȥҶ죬ҶȴٶȲ齣ֱ޵ĲһܵĽӴ
û˿谭Ҷ˴޲ӳһ
ͣ
һž޴Գͷ˳ȥǾ޴Ȼ˵ϣõõٴκݺһ
ʱһģĻ޹ĳ˳У޵ʬʱ˫۶ʱУһĨȻ֣һԵҶһɿֲƱӿҶ
Ҷɫһ䣬ǰϵޣʱܵУþʱ˵ͻȻƾճǰҲζǹƱǹʧ˿С
˳֣ҶжʱһȻһֱţǻûŵܹΪܹ޶Կ
ʱͻȻ𼸵Ʒ죬ȻҶǰһбٴζ߰˸ˣ߰˸֮Уʶʫ⣬ǸڵĿݹǣԼٻѩĴˣ
޵ʬʱλɫ΢գȻԼͬĿһԵҶĿ̺˼ͬеǾȣеǾϲеǺ⡭
ԳյǿǶ֪ģǰҶȻһֻԳջɱˣһֻԳջָ£仰˵ǴʱҶѾܹвеĵˣ
رԪŵӣҶһĨɭ亮⣬ʱѾȷԪŵԪҹӦþҶϣܹնɱԳһľӢǰʵȷѾԪҹ֮ˣ
⣬Ҷ¶ɱĻаٻĲʷһֱδӹҶԭУҶˣ԰ٻ첻ʲôвȻҲΪòϣҶչԺȻ԰ٻ첻ʲôв鷳ⶫûȥΪã
෴ӦöҶ޲ó֮ĿݹȴǼΪʱݹɫƽ·ûмԱޱʬһ㣬Ϊ͵ֻô룬ͲΪ֪ˡ
ȻݹǴʱ˵͵ǹû
ʱҶ֪Ϊ޵ʬ壬Ѿмǿ߶ɱġ
ڵһĨӣǰܹնɱԳյҶԭӦǽڵӵģֻǿϧˣãûҶδҲϣġ뵽ǰϢеĨʱɢˡ
ʫĳĬ뵭Ȼڿʬʱʫȴ΢΢һĨ΢ɲĻȡ
ʨҲҪ뻢ԭǰ𣿡˿ǰҪҶֵˣ
ԣʨƤһʵȻǿǰͷǰЩģֻǣ޵۹ʧȥһӢ̲
ǰҲ̣һϣǰֹСӣΪʲôֹӦ֪޵Ǳʵ˹սǿ¶ٹ͵ģ
ս֣Ҷüͷһ壬ʲôطȻɻ󣬵ûгѯʣЦֳϣ񲢲ܹġ
ЦһʨһУҵ𣿷ϻϵ˵Ҷʤѷ֣ȥ޻ʣϣ޵۹ҪҶ鷳ͱϵˣ
ʨһȻ俴ҶһۣȻŵ޵ʬӶȥһᣬʧУ
ʱתҶЩɻΪܹѰɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʱǳɻ󣬳ɻΪʲôܹҵ⣬ɻǰ˵Ļ˼
˵λãҸģ޵۹֮һģɳһһսܣǴãʤպ󽫲ϵǿԸ㣡
ΪҪǴģҶ
ҡҡͷСӣưڼ䣬ΥԸ㣬ҿԳֶԸǡֻҪʮɽҲֱףǿԸ㣬ʱСܱס㲻ָϵһӰɣ
ԭˣҶ΢΢ͷȻʵǰҰܣɱҲ𣿡
ҡҡͷڳ֮⣬ûܹʱֹ֮սǣʹܣҲֹܣͻͬս㶼Ҫ˳ȣͲֵҳȣ
Ҷ˵ͷԳһЦԭΪ˶мӣڿվҪʵ˵ûʵûмֵûмֵûӣûӣ͸
뱻Ǿ͵òԼʵԼмֵΪֻ˼ֵŻᱻӡ
ʱ뽣ڻ֮Ĺϵ֪֮Գ汣ҲֻǿļֵļֵʲôȻܹư֮еõһΣΪڴ桭
ûֵڣǰǿ߻ҶЦˣ˿ûԱŵģ
׺ҶľȻʣʱԽᶨһ룬ǾŬǿŬǿԼԼ˵˲˰ڲ


232 ֵ
ͻȻһӣǰһ㱣ȻҶԼڼ˶ʧԭء
һĻ˽ɫ΢䣬𺳣ʲôȻ˵ʵﵽ߾ǿߣܹһռİأҲ߾߾֮Ĳǰһ֣Ĵռ䣡
ʵ
΢΢һ̾ʱԪ೤Խڳ֣ΪܹչԪ֮£Ԫŵʵضǲжٳ飬ƽ̸ˡǰƽΪʲôҪ񶨣ˣ
ûκһ׵һֵĳǿߣ¶Էֻһˣ
һԵĿݹҲһ̾ʵԶڽ֮ϣǹȴδԽڷԵĹףڹɽЩϲڹ˼ʲôˣ
ʧ䣬Ȼڼʹû䣬Ҳ桭

һ֪ɽ֮ϣҶǰˣ𺳵ԸӡСһǿֲģǰͷֲֻһ˲䣬Ǿٳǧ֮⡭
һԵʫʱıҶ࣬˸ǾϲΪôһǿػ
ȡĺ«͹һڣȻſҶСӣʵһ֮Ѿ㲻Ҫĸףȴǲܣ
Ҷһǰ֪Ҫ΢һ룬Ҷʫֻʫ΢΢ͷףһůʫٻ֮¸ˣϣܹæ
Ҷüͷһ壬ǰΪ˵
˵Сӣ֪϶ʲôƣҪ㣬ԪŵԪͯдص۹ǸȻԼٻѩŮ޶ô򵥡رԪŵԪͯչǱʵֻͣ˵ĳɾʵ֮ϣ֪𣿡
Ը꣡Ҷ
һԪʦһǽʦ˫΢ѾûгֹˣҪ֪پ޲žЩ˶Գ֪Ϊ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ֪ʵΪʵȴǴδ˵
ֹһھƣŵΪҪΪ̣һǱѹͬǿߣֲܣڶǱҪǿ֮ģΪǿ֮ģǿ֮Ҳһ־磬ͬҽĽͨһ㣡޽֮ˣͨκλþܹһ֮ǿܹ֮֮ǿԽǿҲ˵ĶʵԽǿսͻԽǿ
ԣҶƤһȻʵǰʷ֮ϣнս
˿ҶһۣЦҾ֪ʣ֪ͬһʱֽ˱ضΪУ
ΪΣҶ
˵ΪҪѹͬǿߣͬǿ߳һܹΪʵ˶ѱ֮ˣ޽֮˵Ľ˳˳ĽܳΪʣĽ޵Ľ۲İֱҪͬǿ߳˵˲ͷʲô
ҶĬκҡҡͷԪͯ񣬶ԼֲǽʣԼЩʲôǰо仰˵ķǳԣǾǽ޵Ľ˳һ죬һ죬ڼԪͯͻһսʱʹҲǲԷģ
о仰ɽڲûգ仰ҶǷǳͬģܶʱ򣬼ʹҲǲİ
Ӳںʲô򲻹ܵʱһܣƴܣβһһͬսһιϵĸףһιϵʫԣһǲܣҲģ
ʫʵ˵һֱ֪ڶԷдʲôλȻһȷģǾǾûнеĵλߡҲƽϣÿһ˵ͬҶͬԽһ㣬һеŬڽΣ
ҡҡͷҶջ˼Ȼǰˣǰһ󣡡
˿ҶһۣǾĸף
Ҷ˵ͷ
ҡҡͷУ
ΪΡҶǰʲôֻƴǣʹ뽣ڣϹĸ֮䣬Ҷԥѡߡ
û뽣Ϊ㳹׵ٻļֱֵ׵
ҪβУҶʵ
ֺһھƣȻŵưһΪлߣʮ֮ǰ̤߾뽣أ㣬뽣ڲܹϧٻѣȳĸף
Ҷû˵תߣһʧ˵֮С
Ҷȥķʫ촽΢վʲôҲû˵ֻиһĨǡ
ʦǴӦ˻ǣҶȥķʵ
ЦЦȻܼҶһĨͣӲԻ츳ֻǿϧԽ˽٣Ȼ뽣ڣδʹҲˣҲܹȻֻǿϧˡ
ʱһԵʫͻȻʦȻˣΪ㲻ӦĸףҽڵĽ٣
ҡҡͷȻܲȽվǲһЩһ鷳ԪԼٻ޵۹Ѿɱġ£ĸףǽھͲֻٻˣҪˣҲЩУǴʱȷʵֵ뽣ڸôĴۣ
ʫ촽΢ţ˵ʲôȴʲôҲû˵ֻеһֵֵ̾˼ֵҪ𣿡


233 ص۶
Ҷûʮɽͣ׵񣬳Ŵص۹ķȥΪɽֻʣ²ˡ
˵ֱףûзУ෴ĺܿǵģϣ׵Ϊ˭Ҳ˭˭˼ҽƾʲôҪΪȥٻѣ
Ǿ仰ϣҶǵԼԼ
ҡҡͷɨó˼ʯʼ

ʮɽһΰĳУеĹģڴص۹ضеķ̶ȣص۹й֮ΰĳо޵۹޶
޶Ļʹԭʨվڴ֮ϣ˴ʱ鼫Ϊ¡
ʱڴϷһɫ۵˹ĳ
ˣԭʨæһȻ޻ʣ
ǵģǰ˾޵۹޻ʣҲ۷ǿ֮һͬһױĳǿߣˣ޵۹ڼƵȺ
ֻصأ޻ƽʵȻȴ΢΢һ
Σԭڵ޻ʣҶܣһ֮Уˣ
޻ʵ˵ͷ޷Ѿ֪ˡ
޻ʣ֪޵ʨʵ
޻˫Ŀ֮һĨأ΢΢ͷ֪һЩҲû뵽򡣡
޻ʣ޾ǺȻܹȺ˴вԭʵ
޻ҡҡͷȥʮɽ޲ö֣Ҳڶ֣
˵꣬޻ʳǰ̤һȻֱʧ˴֮У
ͬʱҶ׵֮ϣ޻ʹĳ׵ϡ
ǰͻȻһɫ۵ʱҶͫһʶĽ˽еĽǺܿ˿Ȼ֪ǰ˵˭ʲô磬֪һ㣬ǾǴʱǰ˵Ķ֣
޻ʴҶȻ΢΢ͷ࣬㵨ʶ
ޣ
ԷĳƺҶһʱ޵۹֮Ĺϵɲ˵ãǰǿͻȻ֣˵϶Ǻ°ֻǣ˲ԷѾԼôл鷳
ȥЩҶɱҵģ
ԣ޻һȻʧЦҡҡͷʵȻǻûñɱĵزʴ˴Ϊ˼ֻСһһɺã㱣֤ʶûж⣬ֻѣ
СһԣҶüͷһ壬ԥ£ڲ
޻ͬüͷһ壬ǺܿȴǾչ˿ЦЦҲգȻڲԺڼɡ
ҶȻҵĻ
޻ЦЦΪʲôţ
ԣҶҲЦҲĻСһӦûж⣬ȻʵҸûзأ𣿡
ȤСӣ޻ʵҶСһûж⣬ǣҶȴûкøУҪ֪˴ɱһྫӢӵܡ
ΪСһԵʣҶ޵۹޶ûֹһֱ޵۹鷳ģְֻܻܲܰɣҶ
޳֣޻۾΢
Ҷ˵ͷ
״޻ЦŨ˼֣ԥ£ָһһҶǰСӣԺлᣬ޵۹޶棬öڣʮɽᳩͨ衣䣬޻ֱʧ׵֮ϡ
ֱʧҶͫٴһԷʵ²֮£뵽ǰѪɷԷһսҶ;ЩЦǿǰ˵αûã
ֻû뵽СһȻܹ޵۹ֽױǿ߳ǸǻԷ̬ȣӦǸɡ
ҡҡͷҶеƣֻаƴ󣬲֪ʲô죬һƬ棬һɫʡ֣ڷ棬һ컨ƣЩƼΪеƷƣȴֲǡҶǿ
ͲȥҶյɽ֮УȻ׵ӿٶȡʮɽ϶ǻģ
׵ȫ֮£Ҷ˲߸ʱѾʮɽΧʮɽΧʱҶ׵磬ǵ͵Ϊã
ûжҶʮɽΧЩеĴ˵۶۶ſڴ̨ʱҶǰĳŪһ㶡
ʱĵ۶ſڣվȺȻ˶಻ص㣬صЩ˶ڿ
ֳһˣֳһˡ
в֪˭Ⱥһ䣬Ȼ˳Ҷź
ǵ۶ҼǼǵ۶ңӵǧ̡֪л䣿ûУңұ֤㹻Դ
ǵ۶ƼҼǻƼҺųƵ۶СĴ壬ӵмǧĵ̣һƼСضʮ֮һֻҪԻԴԱ˹顭
ǵ۶ҡ
ǡ
ŵЩźȺҶһǰЩմɽŻߵ£ֻû뵽Ȼ˵ķ񡭡
΢΢ҡͷҶһ齣ʰأһ֮
ȺʱЩҼ忴Ҷϧҡҡͷ
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˭֪أһɣ

˰Ҷų̨ȥȻŵ۶ſȥ
֣
ҶҪ߽ſʱһҶЩϤŮͻȻ


234 ӣ
Ҷת֮ʱ΢΢һС㣿
ס˲Ǳˣǵһ𿼷ʦԻվһӡ
ߵҶǰҶȻ𾪵֣û뵽㣬ǰһΪϴˡ㾹Ȼȥμư񣬸û뵽㻹Żˣŷ˾Ʒѵˣ
Ҷ˵ͷǰ̤죡
ԣһ𾪣Ҫ֪ҶһμŶãһʱ䣬Ҷͽˣ츳
׼˵ʲôʱԵôͻȻս죿
ԣҶӣǼΪԵĵʱҶһǺܿ˹Եʣ
ӿҶһ۵ս͸ȥμư񣬲ò˵㵨ӲҲȻܹʮɽ㲻һֻҲûɱɣ
£һʲô˼
ԣЦЦû˼ڿأ
üͷһ壬£Ҿֻȥˣ
ԣµɫͻȻѿָҶŭ㾹ȻΪҪߣʵʲôϵǲõģ
ɫ΢䣬ŭ£ʲô˼
ʲô˼¿˿Ҷֿ˿Ȼŭҿè壬㲻ôң֪ҶģңôܶԱ˼ˣԵ𣿡
ԣҶһǰһʲô⣿ҡҡͷҶκԷ֮£ΪԷʶģʲôϵҶڵһ£һˣ
׼˵ʲôԵͻȻҶŭȵվס
Ҷûͣ½Ųɳǰȥ⣬ʵǲֻȥʹſȻطʦС
ҶԼ¶ʱŭɽңһսȭҶĺ󱳺˹ȥ
оľ磬Ҷüͷһ壬ͣ˽Ųתһȭµȭͷ֮ϣ
ǲ
һĹͷڳ쳹ȥɫһףһ˺ѷεĲҽУȻֱӷ˳ȥɳʮɺ˵ϡ
±ɣſ˵Ŀʱ뿴˹ڵϵʱ˶ʱһ
ⲻǵ۶Ĵ֮һҵ⽣ڵôҵı𣿡
ˣڻңҪҲ½ڰɣ
ҲǣԴǱ¿˰ɣȻȥŵӣٴǰװˡ
һȭ£Ҷû֣ͣǻ£һ蹷ҷͣãǲƽϵģ蹷ܹҧǲ蹷ġ
֣飡ʱһԵܵҶǰ֮ɫ
С㣬ȶ֣Ҷ
֣Ĳ˼ϣһ𣿡Ҷжʵǲܿǰ
ҶΣ𵱳£µ˵ͷȻתųſȥ
ҶתȥЦЦ˵Ժ¾Ͳˡû취ǰһΪԵʵĻұضܵԵĴʱңҵֿ
Ҷתһ̣ԭڵϵͻȻվվֻв֪ʱһмûзϻ½мҶһףʱҶĺ󱳼˹ȥ
ӭ籩ǣʮ̣żƷ죬Ҷ˹ȥ
飬ɣ
ǳҶ󱳼ȥı̣شЦš
Ҷ΢΢һ̾תһһ˲̣ٶȲĳһ¼ȥ
ʱһŻͻȻµǰҶǵ
״ҶתͷһԵΪǰȥ
֡
˵ʲôȻʱҶȴǴС㣬Ǻϧ֮ģҲˣϣҪŹģŹҡԣΪ˱Ժ鷳Ҿǽɣ
ʱһЦͻȻԳڴ˴һ̣һԳſ˳˿Ҷмڵ۶ҵˣδҲ̫һɣ
ʱһԵ¶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫܵǰȻָҶ壬һҲֶ˰ĺúõģ⽣ڵӿҪϷֶȻ֣Ȼȴɱˡ壬Ҫֶ
µĻҶҡͷϾȻ޳ܲҪˣӴʲôаǼʶˣ
˿£һĨ谮֮ɫȻҶǺðԵĽڵӰ

ʱ׼˵ʲôȻȴǱ˴ϵѾͷڹ죬¶ͻᶨףʱҵϱסԼݣ
˵ʲôʱҶȴͻȻһ±ȥһϲֶϲڵġ
ҶȻֱӶ֣һĨɱ⣬ŭòСӣǰֲҾ㽣ʦųѵѵСӣ
䣬һµǰȻӿұ֮УȻҶݺ˹ȥ


235 ң
˳֣ҶһĨɱ⣬һϲµˣһµˣԡ
ҶǰʱҶνǺһն£Ѹޱȣ
齣սӴ˵ֱۣ˶ʱˣȻˣ͡һ˾㵵ĿУ˵ֱ۴һѪֱӷ˳ȥ
ûֻһȻ˫۶ʱԲת˲ԴԲϵ
һĻ˶ʱסˡһ߾ǿߣһ쾳߸ɱˣ
һԵǷ·𱻶סһ㣬Ѿڵûͷˣ尡߾ǿ߰Էһɱˣôܣ
ܿ죬»عˣΪҶ
ҶĿ⿴»һʶĳ˺üֵ㣬ҪʲôҿҵˣøҲȥɽʵǿģ㡭
µĻҶͻȻͣ˽Ų˵΢˼£ҶǼ˲ǵҪӵҶһۣҡҡͷҺųƵ۶Ĵ֮һôЩӵܡ
Ҷͣ½ŲһϲΪҶøסµ˲ˣҲֱ˵ʮ㣺СӣҪǹңҿһȻǽڵӣҲضȫ壡
ҶµĻҶ˫΢ҪʱʱͻȻµǰȻ˦ֱǸһƣŭȵ׳գֵǸ𣿡ǰ׳竣ҲǰͲöԷû취ˣұضǨŭңʱҾΣڵϦˣ
ΧЩȺ£ҡҡͷǰ׳յ۷ˡһܹնɱ߾ǿߣڻҶԸߣڵС˼вôʲô̶ȲŻִ£
һƣһ㶣Ȼ˲ָЪ˹ȻΪңˣҸ㣬Ҳᱻ壬Ƕᱻ塭
ҡҡͷȻתҶ֡
ҶٴδĻС㣬˼Ҳ˽ĵǡһֱƺһ㣬ǾǲҶҪ鷳Ҫ鷳ȴһٶҶ飬ˣƺɣ
Ҷϧÿһ飬ԣһʱˡһΣǰݰԪƽ̵ĶӣҲɱɣһӣޱв
ЦЦǸ֣һεȷ˽ˡǲǰɱ˵⣬һһмƷϣ֣ΪУϣȥΣ
óҶЦЦƬ̣ҡҡͷС㣬ʵ˵Һϧ֮ģڿҵеһԸˡȻˣǾɡ˵꣬ҶȻʧԭأ±ȥ
Ҷ֣һĨһ뵽ңǲԥһףмҶȥ
ӭ籩ǣڿ΢΢һȻǻһηгҶиȥ
ԣԣɱɱ
׳һԵ·Ľš
֣ҶҡҡͷٴοʱǱ䣬νһն˲䱻飬ҶٶȲ˲ǰһ齣ĲϣΣҶվûȥ
һҶ˲Ȼ齣һǻûӦԴ
һºҶתųȥ˼ҶͻȻͣ˽ŲȻС㣬֮Բɱ㣬Ϊ㵱ѣˣҶԸıҵԭ򡣵Ǵǲѣ
˵꣬Ҷ첽˳š
ſڵҶĻɿЦ֪ˣͲôӦ³֡
ҶҪʱʱһɫ׵ʿͻȻԳӿ˳ȻҶΧȺʿ֮Ϊ׵һӼµʬʱ˫˲ͨ
ܿ죬תͷҶɫ뽣ڵĹϵҲȻǽڵӣΪҪӵ֡ʹʲôԣѵͲܽѵѵҪɱ
ԭҲ֪ĲԣҶЦһǼһ˽⣬ȻǼһ˽⣬ΪβúýҪ
ҶӺȻʵ
ԣҶЩ⣬üô֪
ҶĻشɢ࣬ҶжһЩĪζΣĿҶһۣȻĲɱ˵꣬˴תȥ
ҶüͷĸˣǰѾ׼ó˵ģǶԷȴͻȻһǰʲô˼һͷˮ
ҡҡͷҶȥЩŴص۹ʹȥ
һᣬҶ˴ص۹ʹſڣʱĻʹſ𵱳ưʱ̫࣬ڻʹſƬ㳡봦һ¼ʲôʱҶһ⣬Ϊ˾ȻǴص۹ة࣬˹
Ҷ˹ȥ˹΢΢һȻһʮöڵ˹ǰϡ


236 طʦᣡ
˹̧ͷҶһۣȻСֵܣҪ֪õڵԽ࣬ڵڶִ֮гǩʱԽЩʵΪǿ෴õڵԽ٣ԽЩŵһ𣡡
ԣҶüͷһ壬ǰ㣬Щɢʵϵ͵Ǻܲƽ
ƽ΢΢һЦСֵܣϿûоԵĹƽ
ҲԣҶҲЦЦܶʱϱûνĹƽ
ưǿߵ̨ûʵμӣͨһɳ죬ǲʵġǴӵһưڣȻʵμưϣ̨ܹһɳ졣Ȼԭдǰ;̨ϣ˰ΪʲôͲԼʵҪȥЩܼأ˹
ҶǰĻȻ񣬵Ϊ£ʹ֪ȥпܻȻҪȥģΪкܶණǿȥػƴģ𣿡
˿ҶһۣȻ˵ͷСֵܵĻȷкܶණֵȥ׵ġ˵⣬һӣһƷҶǲμӵڶֵ֤ŪˣϣСֵܹưϻһõΣ
ӹƣҶ΢΢һȻתȥ
Ҷߣһɫ׵˳ԡ
Σɫ˿ˣʵ
˵ԲʵΪٻЩֵðȻҴһնЩҳ֣ڲСҵĽǷ
ɫҡҡͷûǿΪã
˹һĨ죬תͷ˵ΪΣ
ɫ˳ΣȻҲ˵ֻǸо򵥡Уɽ֮е̯ӻرȻ֣ûаܣȫˣȻԪ֣ͯȻ·磬ȻȫˡУܹ޵۹ȺΧӳãֻΪֻ޵Ե𣿡
˳Ĭˡɽ֮зһУǵȻ֪ġڵ֪Ҷ¼ǾͿʼ˵Ҷڴص۹Ȼĵ£ҶݣԼٻ֮ĶԹǰ
ҶҲģ˽⣬պɾעܹص۹Ǵص۹δֻһλǿߡǿϧҶĵǰٻҶԸҪص۹Ϊص۹Ǿֻаȳĸס
ֻǣΪٻΪУԴص۹˵ʵе㲻㣡ܵ˵ǴʱҶչֳļֵص۹Ϊȥٻ
ҡҡͷӦҴ֮ĹϵҴûкɣóȻκһ֣ǿ϶һš֣ǶҴص۹ԹƵв
ɫгһᣬȻӵһֻصޣֻ޶ʮɽȺž޴
ЦЦ֪˳ֺΪʲôСҪֻص𣿡
ΪΣ
ûش𣬷ʵ޵۹λв޵۹
ɫҡҡͷ
ԣֻص޸һκһõ⵽޵۹ķ񱨸ǽ˲ֻԭ򣡡˹رҴص۹Ҵص۹õҸұ֤޵۹λ˺֮Э飬Ȼ޳ɽ
˼ҶʱѾʮɽ֮еλϣɫü
˵˵ͷҲԭǱΪһǿߣԺ¡Ҫ֪ʱĵˣɲֹǰٻѰԪţڣԼʮɽ޵۹ûˣʦǱסСģ
ưһأɫͻȻ
Ҵػ᲻ϧһд£˵ֻǿһưעԪҴص۹ʼѧԺжĵӵ̨
ϣ˰ɡɫе
뿪ػʹҶ˷ʦᣬʦᣬҶͱʦɽһ֮Сϴһ㣬ͷ
Сӣ֪֪Ǵ鷳ˣŻһãȻҶɽ
鷳ҶһȻ󲻽ʦʲô鷳
ǲһֻصޣɽʵ
Ѿ¶Ҷûµ˵ͷСһйϵ
ȻйϵɽЦЦСӣΪ㰲ȻʮɽͿԸˡֺͷ룬ʮɽ֮е޻ʣһ޵۹ž޴вһ𣿡
ᣡҶʵش
Ȼ֪ᣬ㻹ҪɽЩ֪֪޻жֲʵǿ㽣Ǹ˵ģ
ʦⲻǰȻ𣿡ҶЦЦУǸʲô޻ʼȻּǿߣӦòԸСϺװɣ
ɽЦЦСӣ֪֪ڵ֪Ȼصʱʦ඼ûŵıĳʱҶ׼ȥɽʬˡ޻ʵȷǲм֣ǲֻصκһУΪ޵۹ɾ޴вǷʦˣСӣ𣿡
Ҷüǰ޵۹ԼãǲѰ鷳ѵǻᷴڣ
ڲҲ֪ɽֻֻ֪صСһ㣬鷳϶ԽԽ࣬ԽԽ󡣺ˣСӣСһųǿɣҲ뿴ʲôޣȻܹʮɽȺ


237 뿪ʦᣡ
ɽĻ˶Ҷֻܹʮɽ޵ޣҲǷǳģ
Ҷ׼˵ʱʱλİ׷ˣҲҶʦͻȻСӣԵĻǼɡģǲģ
ҶЦЦλǰҲλǰֻǴʱĲУѹϵ͹ϵ
ѹϵ׷΢΢һ㶣ȻСӣ˵һֻ޳Ϊѣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
׷Լ˶ʱŹֵĿҶһۣ֪֮ĹϵȻͬˮ𣬵Ҳ˵ѺáֻҪ಻ʮɽ޲ʮɽͻల¡ʮɽ޽磬ǾԻ⵽Էɱġ
ڵ޳࣬Ҳ֪ģ
һһ޳ΪѡʷҲûֹİ
Σ׷ͷЦҡҡͷСӣ޹ϵͦãȻΪͬΪУ
Ҷͬĵ˵ͷҸϵȷʵܺã󣡡ʵСһѾֻˣڣСһѾˣͬСĸǰ㣬ˣ
ҶĻ׷ɽһۣɽҡҡͷתͷҶСӣԭǵĿ׼뿪ֻ޵ģڿƺˡֻʦҪȰһ䣬ԵĻȥҪ֪޵۹Ǹ޻ҪԸĻʹǷʦҲס㰡
һԵҲͬĵ˵ͷҪ֪޻ּǿߣҪԸҶÿʱÿ̴Ҷ߱ȻҶʮģȻ˸ǵλ޻Ǩŭʦᣡ
ȻʦᲢη޻ʣҲʵûҪǿĵˣֱ׵˵ǣʵûҪΪҶ޵۹Ȼ
˵Щ飬Ͼϵ˵棬ûκκôƾʲôΪҶȥ޵۹ȻｻҶǱȷʵǺܲ˵ףûκʵԵĺô
ʦǺŽᣬҲ¶
ҶһۣȻЩϺ˼ǣģһֱʦѾˡڣʦԸΪ޵۹Ҳ⡣Ͼڳ֮Уʦɽ⣬˸ûʲôϵ˼ƾʲôΪȥ޵۹Կ
ʵģҶǰѾˡ
뵽⣬Ҷһöʦ³УеĻ·һԵϣλǰΪҵڲˣλǰѴҲԸλǰΪѡҲǷʦˣҶԺһУʦûаϵ
˵꣬ҶɽһȻתȥ
Ҷóʦ£һ˵ȥûһ˳ɽ촽˶վʲôҲû˵
Ҷ뿪ɽתͷλİ׷ˣʦ֣Щƥ˰ɣ
׷΢΢һ̾ķ츳ĺĲʱ鷳ʵ̫ˡٻԼڣԪŶѾ˱س֮ġȻҪǣֻصޣֻ޶޵۹в޵۹λ޻ʻȻ
츳׿Щ鷳ǰҲû´޵۹λ޻֮ĶԼӦư֮ǰԸҶٻԼԪţйڿ¶Ѿ˶ԼҲ˵ưǱɣҲΪˣһ򰮲ŵˣҲ
ưһأɽͻȻ
׷˫һУκҡҡͷûưעǼ̨ʹ˽⣬עҲֻġǼʵĺֲܿİ
ɽû˵ˣҶʵȷʵҪ˵ܶһʹҲǲŵġΪԪͯȻڵǼˣǶǱԵŴģЩǴӲȱԼԴģ
Ҷأ

̧߳ͷߵļƯİƣҶһ֯޿ɽĹ¼ҹˡ
һһαʵ˵ζе㲻ܰǲҲû취˭Ҷʵȴ̫ǿأ
кܶ£ʹҲóܣΪʵ
أҶȻһЦңǿһ죬һǸʲ𣡡
һǸʲ𣡡ʱһŮҶ
Ҷתֻ֪ʱǰ׷ͷŮǵͻİ壬СħŮԼòСվ
ţ忴Ҷ
ҶֱŮˣһֱСǰССԴһĨɫɫСأ
ԣѾỨСʱ˵ҶĻ硭
ưڶִȻʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ҷûʱ䶼СԼСħŮҶЩС츳ΪʱСѾ쾳ˡȻ벻ʦɽĴС츳ҶЩգҪ֪СڲŶ갡Сͣ߶ǡ
С츳ҶЩ⣬бƷ츳ҲҶ⣬ΪʱСѾܹмˣȻֻƷģҲҶһѣҪֻ֪ͼ
СŮ죬죬Ҷ𴲣΢ϴˢһȻǰ˵۶ʹſڡ
ưڶִȣ


238 ư
ػʹſڣʱѾʮ޴ı̨ڱ̨·վμӵڶִȵߡ
һֺ߻һӶɫ׵ʿԻʹӿ˳Ȼվ˹㳡ܡۿưȵ̫࣬Ϊ˷ֳֳֹͻ붯ңԴص۹ٴɳ˾ά
ʱ㳡һ޴̨ϣͻȻسŵȺ˸λȣϲǻΪܹʮɽŻʸμӵڶִȣѾ֤ǵʵڣʱˣֻҪưǰʮǲԵõĽᱻؽǵѸݣ˶֪ǵ֣
ڣ˵һµڶִȵĹ򡣵ڶִʵлƣ˴ʸμӵڶִȵߣǧһǧһ߽Ϊʮ飬ÿʮÿսʤԼһΣһֻ֣һ֣ÿߵǰԽưǰʮ
Ϊ˹ƽУ߲ýҩԼܹʵΥ棬ȡʸߵмǣ
ʱ䣬ֽһЩĹУǽܵưǰʮĽò˵ưǰʮĽʵ̫ˣȺ֮еҶҲΪ֮ĶȻֻĶǰĽ
ưһһؽƷһؽƷ߼öʯ򣬼ƷʯһöȻǸܹص۹ԼʦһҪ
ưڶһؽƷؽƷһ߼öʯ
ưһؽƷһƷмʮöʯǧ
ǰĽʱҶڳ߶ˡرưһĽ̫ˡؽƷؽƷʹص۹ֱҲǼĴ˰
ǸзʦԼص۹һҪ󡭡򵥵˵˭õ൱ʦԼص۹ɽǼ壬һһɳĺûᰡ
Ȼưһ˶ǲϣģЦ˵ưһưǰʮ˵죡һʮʮֻܹ֮ȥưʮпľ
λջõ֮ǼţǾһ飬ȻǰԵһǩԾмǣÿһֶֻǶҪΪҲϵ˼
ԣҶóõƣֻдһ֣Ҳ˵ǵھġ
Ҷ׼ǰźų̋ʱһϮĽǰĽĿҶϿһۣȻǾźţ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ㲻ҲǾźŰɣ
Ľҡҡͷǰ˺ţҿһ£ûʲôǿˣ㣬ҪСˣ
ѵԪͯ飿Ҷ㵵
Ԫͯûκһ飡ĽͬһǹڵǸȾ
ȾҶ΢΢üȻʵԪͯûиκһ飿ʲô˼
Ľ۶Ʈ㷢ȻȽ⣬Ϊŵκһ飬κһЩ߶ǲƽġԣص۹зʦһ¾ֱӽһ֡
ȻµأҶʵ
ǾûĴˣȻֵһ飬±ֵ˵ڶ飬Ȼڵ飬⣬˿϶Сһڶ֡ҲûʲôرǿĶ֣Ӧòѣ㣬鲻йڵȾڵҪСģĽ
ڵĺҶɽ֮УΨһλ
Ľ˵ͷʧΪأ⣬ŵӶɽ֮Сһֱܵ͵˭ͺ֣ԽԽ򵥡Ȼĵ˻ȾһΣǱضһΣԲ֣ԣҪСģܲ򵥣
Ҷ˵ͷҲκζֵģ
Ľ˵ͷҶһۣԥ£Ȼһɽ֮Улл㣡
ҶһȻЦЦҪ˵лҲҶ˵ǣһֱڽڣǶһֱ˵أ
Ľҡҡͷô֮û
Ҷ׼˵ʲôʱԭΧֵȺͻȻ䰲
ԪͯˣԪͯ
в֪˭һ䡣
ҶȥֻʹſڣԪͯΪףȻ£ԼȻȾԻʹſڻ˳
һǿļˣû뵽ôԶܸһѹȸУرԪͯǺųпܳΪĴڣǹţǰ
ǰͬ쾳Ϊʲô֮Ĳôأ
˭ʱ츳أ
ӡ

ĽԪͯˣһưԪͯҪϵ֮·ԲܰܣԣԪźܸܿʲôΪơԵĻɣȻ϶ģӦҲ֪
ҶЦЦû˵ԪͯȷǿǾǿҪҶֱ䣬ǾԲܵġҪ֪οǹϵĸ׵İΣԣ˵һԪͯˣǰٸԪͯǧԪͯνһս
Щ³ɲɹ֪һȥ£
Ҷ飬Ľ΢΢һ̾ҶӴҲһʱ䣬ҶԸҲ˽һЩģڼҶʱ֪ҪҶֱ䣬ǸܵġҲǣ˵ҶԪͯʹ֪УҲģ
˿䣬ǲûһսһսûˣԺ߽֮·


239 ڤ㣡
һԾǸ޴䳡֮ϣһ˵һԡ
Ϊ׵ԪͯЩӣǰڴǸöãϧȴԪŵˡڣص۹Ԫų֣ԪδǻԽԽǿ󣬵ʱص۹ǰ
΢΢һ̾תˣ˫ѹȺװ󣬵λΪԪͯشҶʶʵҲ˽⡣ڷһˣԣҴзʦһ¾ֱӽڶ֡Ȼ飬߲ߣԵսֻҪӮҲֱӽ
ԣȺҡҡͷʾû顣ЦսԪͯǲ෴ģǷǳ޳ɴص۹зʦϾ˭Ԫͯһġ
飬΢΢ͷȻȻˣưڶִȣʽʼ
ʱÿһѡֶʼ˳ǩȻ̨ԵĶֶԾ
һսӭ˵һС߳ǾǴص۹Ȼ̨ˣ
ȻĶһֳ꣬һԾ޴ʱƺҲ֪ԼֵǿɫΪأȴûѡֱ䡣һ˵䲢£µǻûս䣡Ȼ¶ˣ˶ǰֱ䣬ɶˣҲҪϼ
Ȼſ꣬аɣȻûˣ
ԣһĨŭɫǰȻʵ̫ˡŭһ겻ԥһȻǰȻ˫΢΢ŵأڿն˫һԾ޴ȻԴҶ£
죡
һͳڳȻɳ˱̨˵ϡ
һĻ˶ʱסˣΪ˶ûȻôֵġ
Ȼɨ·һۣһĨмЩ˽֣ʵ˷ʱ䣬˶ŮԪͯ⣬˸֡
ʱһ̨һŲлعȻæ֣ԴܣԪͯʤ
̫ˣҪ֪֣ԴƷȻȻǰһжˣȻʵʵֲ̫ˣ
ǰ군ˣҲһģ죬
ֱɣǰֱ䣬ôˡ
ź̨ҶȻһۣȻջĿ⣬˰˺̨ΪʱĽϳ
ĽĶһӵܣƷǰĿ຺һʱҲɫأҪ֪Ľǽڵӡ֪ԼǽڵʱѾ֪䶨ˣӵɢʤӵܵģⲻҲܣ
һȻ֪УҲûֱ䡣һһУȻӿĳһ̣һ˲ĽǰȻгһĽǶȴĽĺ
ŵӣȻ֣һԼٶȣԼٶӵ˼£ڳ߶ûӰ
ȻĽֻһʱȴǶȻͣΪ֪ʱһĽѾĲϣҴһƤһѪ˽֮ϡ
ˣĽջسȻ˰˺ŲС
Ľʤ˺Ųе
ÿĽĽٶѾˣû뵽⽣ڵĽ죬ҲǹùģȻ˽ڵӡڽڵǰý䰡
⽣Ůʵǿǿôûٶȣ˵ˣǿҲһ飬˵ùˣ

Ľ̨ҶԣȻ쵽˰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷĽÿ죬Ҷļ£ǵģĽݵĽģ˽⣬ٶڽļӳ£Ǽֲġ
ĽҡҡͷڿôǲĶ֣Ҫ֪˽أҲ֪ǽ޵ѹƱ˸ԡ˵⣬Ľ˶٣ԥ£Ȼܹ͸¶𣿡ʵǲʵģϾǺܼɻģǶڽ⾳ʵ̫˽һˡ
ҶЦЦʵ⣬ؼڡ֣Ҳǽľľʱ죬ҲȻȻˡȻŬҲ⾳ʵڽ⣬˽ҲǺ֮ܶ࣬򣬾Ϊľϵı仯ľ仯£Ҳ޷ȷе˵ף
ľϵı仯𣿡Ľૡ
ź̨ڵҶսڤұڤ㣡
ʱź̨ľźŲͻȻ
ԣĽջ˼Ҷͣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻһԾ˾źų֮̋ϡҶ̨󣬳˶˹ҶЩߵȻİǿ׷ɱģ
ʱһɫȹŮҲԾ˱̨ɫŮòһ̨ǽһЩĿҶ˹ȥ
ʶ㣡˵Ŀ⣬бڤŮӿҶȿڵ
Ҷ˫΢УҲ׷ɱң
ڤҡҡͷҲûȥ׷ɱ㣡
Ҷҡҡͷһ齣УȻ׼ʱڤͻȻ庣ԼϹǶǱһɱ𣿡
ԣҶɫһ䣬㾿˭ǽЩȫģŮ˾ԲȺģѵ˵ʱǰŮԱ͵Ҳ԰СһûܹƤأǰŮӲܣ
ڤ㿴ҶһۣȻǺѩֿ֪ɻǵã
ѩҶһ㶣Ȼ±ڤ㣬㵵ôܣǵģǰڤ뵱ǺѩȫˣòȫȫĲһ


240 Ⱦ
ڤ˵ͷΪһЩԭݽʮɽɽ֮Ул飬飬ģ
ԭˣҶ΢΢ͷЩ𾪣ǰŮӵȻڳڶܹ࣬ѧ֮ǿʡȥ鷳
뵽⣬Ҷڤ֮ɷ⴫ȻһḶ㹻Ĵۣ
ѧ֮ڤЩ㵵
Ҷ˵ͷ
ڱڤ׼˵ʲôʱʱͻȻ˸״򲻴򰡣͸Ͻǵ˵ģ˷Ѵʱ䰡
ǣǱ̸̨˵ĵطٶȵ𣿡
ߣҶݴһĺ֮ⱱڤҵıڤ㣬ȴˣѲ˼ұڤ㣿
ҵӣҾúпܣעûܣҪ֪ԪͯԼڵȾ϶ǲŹҶģҲ˵Ҷܻܲһ⣡
ߣҶǸɽǲ㺦˶زû޵۹޾ͲἯһ޲һǾܹøڵڣڵֻǧˣ˲֪٣
ǣ˵ܹøڵҾлԪŻߴص۹ˣ

̨£۷׷ף࿪ʼŭҶ
̨ϣźŲҡҡͷȻ˱ڤҶһۣλʼɣ
ҶûźŲУߵ˱̨ԵĿ·һһɨȻЦһ֪˶Թң˺޲ɱңڸһᣬߣ̨
ҶĻźų̋µȺʱǺܿ죬ٴν
ҶʲôʵǺǿΣʵǿһѣбȥǿ񰡣
ֻޣɽ֮Ĳˣ޵֮࣬ܣ
ǣĳԪͯһжӲ£˼񣡡

̨һһ䣬ȴû˸̨ȥҶսһΡ̨ϣҶҡҡͷȻתڤ㣬ڤְɣ
ڤ㿴ҶһۣȻźŲУ䣡˵꣬תҶֶ֮ĸȤưұڤһˣ˵꣬ͣת˱̨
һû뵽۶Ĵ֮һıڤҵĴȻֱ䣬ȻҶʵǺܲҲǿñڤֱ䰡
ɻ󲻽⣬ڱڤһ̨̣ЩȺҲסˣȻҲû뵽ⱱڤҵıڤȻֱ䣡
ڤȻȥ˵ҶжֲҶʵʵҲ֪һ㣬ǾǵϹΪ׵Щ˶ҶС
ΣлعȻҶһۣڵҶʤ
ԣҶת̨ȥڤֱ䣬Ҳһ΢һˡڤֱΪɽ֮չֳʵԵʣֻǱڤ㲻֪ɱϹЩ˵ģСһһȺġ
̨֮ĽҶԣȻʵʶڤҵǱڤ㣿
Ҷ˵ͷɽ֮ӴܴһŮӣ
ȻˣĽҶһۣŮ֮ƣڵ۶ʦǸǻۣ˼ɵġ
֣ҶҡҡͷŮˣʵϲκνӴǰڤͺһ㣬ȻԱǰöˡ
ļȶûʲôϵĵطҲûʲôʲôģϾڻڴɳ׶ΡЩսͬʣرһЩһЩʽԼĹʽõ˿νǿۣ
ܿ죬ٻѩȻ̨ˣû⣬ŮֱһоͽԼĶ֡
һμʶӵǿҲ˸Ӽᶨ˽뷨
ȾսڵҶ
ʱź̨ͻȻһõڳ˽ǰһ̣˷ˡ
жԵţʲôܡư񣬲ǽڵǽڵڵĵڳǩ鵽һ飬ǱؽһҵսΪ뽣ǾԲԶԷģ
򵥵˵ǽڵֻҪڵսһǾעҪһ
һ̨̣ϵıѾûʲô˿ˣΪ˶Χ˾źų̋¡ٻԼѩȻҲǹע˾źų̋
˵Ŀ֮УҶڵȾԾ˱̨˲ûֱӶ֡
û뵽ôˣȾҶЦ
һ齣УҶҲû뵽ôˣҲãɣǿ˭ܻ˭̨ϣǰˣҶûʲôޣΪʫĹϵɱԷɣȻԷҲǷɱɣȻ֮עֻܻһˣ
һǱɫȾϣȾЦ֮䱾ʲôԹǿϧҵȴǳΪءʵҲͣҲòɱ㣬ȻҺŽԣ
Ҷʼ磬ȻеԿʼ𣿡
ʽʼе
䣬ֻ̨ϵҶȾͬʱʧԭأȻһڱ̨쳹
һ̣ٴηˣŵ֮սڴսһΣǰǰһ浹ˡһΣǿԿʹ졣


241 ս
̨ϵҶȾս̨µĽһĨ֮ɫȾʵ̹ģӵȾܰȻȥѾ֪вȾӦ˵Ⱦ֮Ĳ໹е
ҶʵֻǴ˽ҶʵǿǾжǿҲûףԣȾҶսЩǡ
źų̋ĳٻ¿̨ϵҶȾȻ˭˭
վԵȻƬ̣ʵǿ
µ˵ͷҶ֣ʵǿȾλȻܹɱ֮ϣҲʲôʡ͵ĵơھһһսеĴˣ
Ҷ֣Ȼʵ
µͷʵǿҲأûбʤİգ
뵽ҶչֳʵȻͬص˵ͷȻ̨֮ϵҶǼǵãҶǷö
ڻʹǽ֮ϣ˿ĵط̨ҶȾսʫ֮ҲǸֵ֮ɫԲԶĿݹһƽϹŵЦ⣬·Ⱦʤһ㡣
Ϊ˱ĹƽԣԲμưߵʦųܳڳУֻվطۿΪͷʦųΪ˲Լǿвֱ顣ԣԺ󣬴ص۹صΪЩʦųôط
֣㽣ҶʵȷʵֻȾȣվǲһЩҪ֪ȾʱѾƷ۷˰Ԫŵӿų̋ϵҶȾЦ
⵭Ӧ˵ƷĲ࣬㲻ʲô
𣿡ӵЦһȻǾĿԴư񣬾ǽʤǹʤ
ⲻҲһĨǣǵǵǵҶ˵ĻҪô죿Ҫ֪ʱĽҪ˴ǰʮΪڶȡһЩȻδ괦ޱȣ
һԵĿݹȻɫƽǴʱҲǲƽġɽ֮УѾʧԼһӣԣʱȾΪҪȾʤǽδ꽫ԽԽû䣬Թ˵Ȼһ£
ȾܣδͻɹԽԽû䣬ΪʱڲֻȾȾˣǾζŹڲʧһţδ꣬ھͻͬĽһ㣬ˣ
ԣǶԽڻǹڣսҪ˭䲻
죡
̨ϣͻȻһ֮ȻҶȾ˿
ֳ齣ŶȾҶɫ΢΢أò˵ǰȾʵȷʵǿԷսӦʵΪǿرȾǰѹĺɫõеɵ齣ǵ´ʱ齣Ѿɫˣ
ʱȾҲɫأްЦ⣬Ҷ֪һֱеСǰҶˡΪǰҶûʩչս˸൱
һȾһӣɫƿֱֻҶʩչȫʵɣȻûˣ
Ҷûзϻҽ͵̤أ洫ͬһöڵһ㣬Ⱦȥ;Уһһһɫȼ˲Ⱦǰ
ɫȾһкɫһֻ͡һҶǵɫ˲䱻һΪȻʱȾͻȻɫһ䣬Ȼһתкɫǰһ

ȾɫյǰҶе齣ǻ֮ϣ޴õȾʱ˼
һȾҶû֣ͣ粽ʩչ˳ٴ˲ȾǰȻһת齣ٻ
ҶĽûĽô죬ĽȴûҶôҶÿһȾ֮ϣжһȻȾǻᳯ˼
ʱҶĹͬ籩һ㣬Ⱦѹţ̨ޱȡ
ǿ
ҶÿһȾĵˣѩȻЩ𾪵
Եͬص˵ͷҶ̹ģʱҶûǿȻɽ֮УҶ϶ˡ
һ̨ߣȻź̨һۣȻǱ˫Ŀڹۿ˵ĶԪͯˣܹӵľֻаٻѩŮǰҶڵȾڱл㲻ȻУɻЩ
û뵽ҶȻǿܹȾѹŴ򣡡̨£𾪵
ֻѣĺϷںͷĿԴɣǽڰܣǹڰܣ

źų̋ϣȾѾ˵˱̨ıԵ֮˼ɣֻˡȻ˾䣡
죡
ֱҶһ˼ҶٴȾǰʱȾȴû񵲣һͺȣѪӰ
䣬Ⱦ嶸Ȼʧԭأұߺһɵľ룬Ȼż̶Ʒ쳯ҶԴ˹ȥ
ϮҶɫ䣬ŲһһȻ齣ȾĸȻʱȾȴٴιʧԭأҶߣȻͻأҶԴϷ
һΣҶɫ΢䣬Էù죬ᵲϣ

ٴһ
סȾͬʱҶֲδָһһɫʱȾ
Ⱦɫһ䣬һȻЩˣɫ紦һ
һĻһƬ
վڳ¥ϵĿݹɫû뵽ȾȻˣãⲢֻҶƺĲԼǰǰ
һԵʫһϲȾˣǿʤϣ


242 ɱ⣡
һָȾҶʤ׷һһӰȾȥ
ʱȾͻȻ̧ͷɫؿҶȻһŭȣֳֺɫ͵غնһѪɫ⻡˼
Ҷɫ΢䣬ὣһ

齣һҶ˫Ŵŵ泯˶ʮ
ȾֳֺɫҶ֮ϣһƺϸֶĶ˷вֵѪ˿ǹؿתȾҲǹظֳһɺʱȾͷ·Ǵӵ
һĻʹǽ֮ϵĿݹһڶ˰
ȾҶɫΪʱǸܵһεɷɷõ䲻ʡ
һҶҲ֣ӿֺǹɷʱʧͬʱ˷ߣǸܵеĳҵز·Ҫѽʣһ㣡
һĻʱһƬȻ
ǽ⣬Ȼǽ⣬Ҷ˴˵еĽ⣡
û뵽Ȼ˴˵н⣬ѹţԭ˽⣬Ⱑ
ںǸ˵е⣬ûκɣҶصĺ
ǰ¹ڵȾΣˣȻʵΪǿ˽ҶĶֻ֣бѩٻȻдص۹ȻܹսʤҶ˰
̨ĳȻһۣ֪˽⣿
΢΢ͷ૵Զֹڴأ
ԣȻɫ΢䡣
ʹǽ֮ϣڵĿݹٻĲʷҲɫ΢䣬ͬʱҲǲԼͬһĨ⡣رǲʷеɭɱ⣬Ρ
ţδĳ̶ֳѾܹвٻģ
Ҷʩչʱһų̋ߵȻ˫ۣҶ߿һۣȻȴֱ˫Ŀֻǽһضѣʸӣ
̨ϣűһѹȾɫص⾳䣬ȾǰһȻһε糱ˮһӿ˲ҶĽ⣡
ͬʱ̨ýһЩ˶ʱ鲻ԽسˣΪɱʵֲ̫õһ˲ʧԼǣ
ɱ⣡̨£˾
ɱ⣬û뵽ھȻɱ⣬ϧǸɽȻҪ𰡣
ЩкϷˣɱԽ⣬˷ܰ
ǰѵõĺϷɱǿǽǿأ

Ⱦչֳɱ󣬱̨ٴηˣɱ⣬ǵڶִȵڴ뼤ĵһˡ
ȻһۣнǸһĨ⣬ȻҲû뵽ȾȻҲɱ⡣Ҳ˵ɱ⣬޲ĻδһǾѹһģ
ȻսҶİܵĻδܳһʱڣڶᱻѹţͬģȾܣδھͽᱻѹšԣ˵ҶȾսϵŹ뽣ڵδҲΪ
ʱʹǽ֮ϵĽ⣬ʫйڵĿݹɫصģΪܶһڣһεսҪڴʱ䲻ģرǹڣΪһ䣬Ǿ;һˣǾʹҲûܹǰʮ
û˴ǰʮδ꣬ڵĴü⣡
̨ϣҶȾɫƽǰȾʩչɱ⣬ֻ΢һ±ȻˡһֱȾĵλ֮ϣںǰѾ²ȾпѾɱ⣬Ȼ
ȾҶ߱ߵһֱԼΪԼûе͹㣬ҴˣһֱҶ͹㣬ǰҸ˴ۡڣҲڵ͹ˣ
˵꣬ȾΡ͡һʧԭأسҶǰȻż̶Ʒ죬ҶŹ˹ȥٶ֮죬õڳ߶޷Ⱦζģ
ʱҶһ˶Ϊ֮벻ľٶ
ҶûжҲûи񵲣һ齣Ⱦֱֱ˹ȥ

һĻΪ֮⣬ǽ֮ϵĿݹǣԼӵ˶üͷ֪ҶΪҪ
ֻʫҶΪʲôҪôΪֻ֪Ҷǿ޵ģȻˣлǸֳһĨǣ
ҶˣȾüͷ˲ѵҶҪֻҶΪʲôҪ˵ʲôΪ֪صƣһ̣ͷʯȾһ
Ȼʱǳɻ󣬵Ѿ޷ˣΪʵ̫ˡ
˲Ŀ֮УҶĽȾĺɫ˫ǰһܵĽӴ
ȾĺɫսӴҶʱȾɫ˲䣬ȻŭȵѪӰݣ
䣬ȾʧԭأԶʮ⡣
ʱһѪȾѪˣȾǰһѪл
ҶҶǰֻһ·˵·ȥҶƤֻ֮ǳһѪ۶ѡ
һĻͷˮɻ󲻽⣡
ǿˣ̨£¿̨ϵҶ
ǵģгһЩ⣬˸޷ղһĻǾȾӴҶʱȾ޷ڽһҶĽȴֱӴ̴ȾƤȾ̶ֱȥ
ȾӦ죬æʩչ˹ڵؽмѪӰݣʱȾѾһʬˣ


243 ս
ѹֵܹһȭˣ˼ǽ֮ϣ֪ʱԪͯ󣬿ųеҶԪͯЦ
֣ӿԪͯһۣʵ
Ԫͯ˵ͷЦ赣ģʹ˽⣬ޣҲעҵ̤ʯ֮У͸ǿš
ԣӵ˵ͷԪͯʵʵһЩģȻҶ˽⣬ޣǣͬԪͯ˵վֻԪ̤ͯʯҶֺγأ
˵δǧ꣬עԪ̨ͯҲԪŵ̨
̨ϣȾĨĨǵѪȻҶ˫΢У޵һε͹˰ҶʵһֱøʦܣҲȥ޲࣬Ȼ֣ǰǰص˵ʵԶԶĹư
ҶȾһֱڵ͹ңڣ㻹ڵ͹ң𣿡
ŶȾüëһ㻹иǿĵƣҵʶʶ
Ҷû˵ˣ粽ʩչڼ粽뼲ѥļӳ£Ҷٶ˲ﵽ˼£ԭһӰ䱾˲ȾǰȻ齣ͬһسȾȥ
ʩչȫʵȾܣΪ滹бȾǿĵˣڱ¶ȫƣԺսսԽԽѣΪ˼ҶҪģǴص۹ȻԪŵԪͯǶŮ
ֻҶưһĻԽ෴Щ˶սԽԽѣ
̨ϣҶȾ˵ĳٶȣõõ˿ĿɿڴΪ˸Ϳ˵ĳ̨֣ϣֻвϵؽ죡
һʱȾϵ·ѾãȾϣؽۣҶҶ·ȻҲãȴûʲô˿ڡȻһʱҶռϷ磡
ҶĴеģǵģȫ˷Ⱦ˻ˡȾǿսȾȫˣȴȱ
̨ϵҶߣرǾź̨Щ߽¶ص飬ΪҶʵֲ̫һ㣬Ⱦеǰǵؽ׵Ȼɱļӳ¶ƿҶƤҶҶվŸɱҲһܹɱ
죡
ཻȾҶʱ˿
ȫ¶ѪȾһȻӿɫ̧ңҶ㣬ҷ˺ܶ󣬵ұ֤Բڷˣ䣬Ⱦ˫΢գͬʱɺƾն£˲佫ȾЩ֮УѪ˿תţޱȣ
ʱȾޱȱģΪҶ˾ãˣһҶѹƣΪһһܵˣ׼ˣ
ǹڵؽнɷ𣿡ʹǽ֮ϣӿڿݹǣʵ
ԣڵʫɫһ䣬ɷ족ǵȻ֪ġǹںܳһڵӾ֮С˴ʱ¶˵֮ɫΪںûиҶʲôؽ
Ҳ˵ҶʲôԿؽн
ݹͷһ¶һĨЦݣؽн־أȾѾ˵أһЩطԽŵؽӳ˳ɵ˳ɵԸһֻһؽˣǺǡ
ݹǵĻʫеĵǸŨˣ
ٻĲʷǷЦȻǲϣҶʤģˣȻʹҶȾУҲ£ԪͯԼȻеġ˵ҶǸˣ
̨ϣΧȾĺԽԽ࣬ԽԽŨϢʱ䣬̨ϿվǱΧˣͬѪ˿Ǻ֮вϴţΪ졣
̨ѾʮɣΪǱ̨ϵɷɢĿֲϢõΪ֮־뵨
ĩյĳҶɫأ˫΢ؽ֪ģǰȾʱʩչͶǵؽƷǵؽƷġˣǺ֮еЩɫѪ˿õЩļ¡
һҶҲǷӿʱ˿̣ȥӲˣΪؽѾܹƻˡǰؽɱڼӳ֣Ҫ֪ɱӳµĵؽǿǼΪֲģ
ӿҶе齣͵رһĽ⣬Ȼһؽ֮ڳ쳹һâҶ齣ϲ֣żʽâڼӲĵ֮ϣǻּ׵ĺڶ
ʲôʹǽϣüʵ
Ԫͯҡҡͷƺûֽ
˵Ļһ԰ٻڻбѩļͬʱ˽ڵʫҶҪʲôԿڵȾҲǺġϾڵĽµģ
ԼЦҡҡͷںδ̹Ҷʲô߼ԣʱҲǳ棬ҶҪʲôԿڵȾҪ֪ȾʩչĿǵؽƷһҪεֵ
ʹǽϣ˶Ҷ뿴ҶҪʩչʲô춯صĽ
˵ע£Ҷȴ˫ۻΨе齣ڲϾҲš
һĻһ㶣ҶҪ
ʱ̨ϵȾȴǳҶķһҶֵȾɫĳһ̣ȾͬˮӿȻ̧ѸٵؿתؿתȾкɫдǼѪ˿ȳҶ˹ȥ
Ѫ˿ٶȼ죬磬˸Ѫ˿Ĺ켣ֻһĴ̶
Ѫ˿Ҷû˫ۣǵֳֽǰһһɫڽӳµĽɫΪٶȼ죬쵽ֻһ
䣡
̨ϣͻأشһȻһ͵سɢ˿̨֮˲ѣһֱ۴ֵѷ쳯Ѹ˿
һĻ̨¶֮ɫʵֲ̫ƾˣѾɱ֮ˣ
һ̣ţ
Ѫ˿Ҷ飬Ⱦɫ˲Ȼһŭȣȥ
䣬ֻϣԼ̨ʱѸٵػһγһ޴ޱȵľɺγɵľ;޴ޱȣ̨ǣԺɫ֮вϳӿǺǵص£˶ʱľսĩա


244 
Ⱦһߣγɵľ֮һڣſֲѹҶ£ͬʱȾҲһҶȥ
ʱҶ˫΢գǰγһ赲ǽЩѹǰһɴȻǺɫҶǰʱҶʩչĽʱɢȻҶֱӱɫ˽ȥ
ʱȾҲҶǰһкɫҶи˹ȥ
Ҷɫ֣ٻ£ĽԼǱѩȻʱҡͷһ̾ʱҶʩչʲôؽҲˡΪȾؽѾγɣѾҶǰʱҶλʱʩչʲôؽ
Ҫ֪ؽʩչɲֽҪʩչʩչģ
ʹǽ֮ϣʫɫ΢䣬ҪʱһԵȴסҡҡͷưĹǲݱƻģԪҲƻ˭ƻͽ޷һư
޷μһưʱĽڸе
ʱһ԰ٻĲʷͻȻЦԭ뿴ڵҪʩչʲô춯صĽû뵽ȴǡ

ʱһĽ֮ڳ쳹ǰòʷļȻֹҲõϸ¶ЦݵĹڿݹЦһ
һ̣˾Ŀɱֵı̨ϡ
ɫǺ֮г𣬽ţɺγɵĺɫʱɢ˿¶еΡ
еʱˣǳǽ֮ϵļλжʱסˡ
ʱҶȾ֮ľֻмţȻصǴʱҶĽֱֱȾؿڴ
Ⱦδ˫ԲҶ𾪣ġȾĻû˵ˣΪҶһʱֳ룡
һȾҶһУȾɽڵϵĺɫɵӴǺɫʱһɷʱҶüͷһ壬ӿŽǹɷѹȥ
ٵؽмöеĺɫҶЦЦȻսɽ֮Уתŵȥ
ų̨ȥҶûлعʱֻһͷǾҶɱȾģ
̨µЩɻ󲻽⣬ǳǽ֮ϵЩҲɻ󲻽⡣ؽǱ˭ҲΪˣǲŸɻ벻⣬ΪҶؽǰûܰˣȾˣ
ҶɱȾģгҶԼ⣬û֪
Ϊһ򷨣ǾһܹؼǵģҶǰûڱֱ򵥣ЧķȾǾ׼ȾȾ֮еȻһɱ
ȾڽͨҶǰʩչΪȾʩչһ̣ҶѾϤȾӽˣ
Ȼͨ˵޵УȾܹؽʩչҲ˼򵥵ľͽԷȥġ򵥵˵ǣͨǿҪǿֶĳ̶ȣ
Ȼܹһ¯ĵزûУ
Ŀ⳯ܿһۣɻ󲻽⣬Ҷ΢΢ͷ֮ǰ֮Բһʼͱ¶ͨϣܹ⽣ͨǵƣԣһֱڵһᣬڣȾʩչڱߵ
Ⱦ֪ҶǽͨҲԸҶġ꽣ʦ֮Դ޵֣Ϊͨʱǿǰʩչκɱֲģ
Ȼ֪ҶͨҶʱͿܲǹ¼ҹˣǴʱѾûҶˡΪĳҿǷǳĶ࣬رǰٻðٻ֪ͨưһҪ߾ǿɱǺü
ٻ򳬼ʵԪص۹ǸһٸӣҲǲҶɳȥģͨرǳɳĽͨĽţ̫ˡ
Ҷһ¶ԼͨгЩԪţٻڡЩ϶ǲϵġԣһֱҶױ¶Լǽͨ
򵥵˵Ҷȫ£ֲģʵҲ˽⣬һ׽ϻֲģͨ
ͨߣһ򷨣ⲻֻ˵˵ѣ
ܣܡų̋ǱҶһʬȾʹǽ֮ϵĿݹǻȻʧ㣬૵
ݹǣʱǽ֮ϵ̨µЩ߶ɻɻҶΪʲôܹǵؽм֮лһܹһȾʬ
ǿǵؽװһɱȾʩչĵؽɻţš
Ȼûˣǽ֮ϵĴжûҶǽͨͨԽʦҲû˰ԣǸûⷽǴʱҶʩչʲôǿĽ
ɻĿУҶߵ̨£һһԻ𾪵ĲСǲе»عȻ˹Ҷʤ
еĻ˶ʱعȻҶ׷۵
ôܣôܡôɱǹڵȾģδѵᴫ˵е
ҿпܣһֱǿ൭Ϊ϶еģԣԽڸҶҶǵؽмǰһȾʬ
ԭҶѾϰ
ʹǽ֮ϵԪͯԣҡͷһЦ֪ˣȲ˵ûʹУҶܹѧѶȣǿҪȵؽʮֹ
Ԫͯǰӵ˵ͷǰʩչľԲһʩչΧǰȾǡɷ⣬ΧûκβѰ쳣֣УǰʩչʲôĽ
ԪͯȻһЦʲôƣΪǣ˭Ҳҳɾ֮
΢΢ͷԪͯʵģΪԪͯ˵󻰣ΪһܹԪֵͯģûмʱҶҶʱչֳʵ˵ĻҶʸ
ʱһԵĿݹͻȻԳǽ֮Ծ˱̨֮ϣȻǸĲеսΣϷҶ
ԣźŲüͷһ壬ȻҶʵ˵ҲôսΣֻû֤֤ҶʲôȻû֤ݣͲܶҶ֣ǰıЧưĹأ
˶֪һֻصޣϷǰֻ޳ˣȻʵֿܹסǵؽܹһնɱҹڵȾݹǳļӳ£ʹ㳡ϵ˶


245 ּ⣡
źŲгΣȻҶҶϷ㣬ƫ̻˭ֻǿݹ˵ЩϷҲΪе£Σ
ҶЦЦˡҲܽ͸¶ǰ¡ǰ֤֤ҽǰʾԸܴ
ԣźŲЩãҲû취Ϊȷʵû֤֤ҶʹûҶǵؽƷǰһնɱǹڵŵӵأҲɻĵط
ʱʫҲ˱̨ϣҶ΢΢˵ͷȻڵĿݹǣݹǣ֤ݣǾʾȻ̨ȥӰưıԣ
ʱһԵĲҲǵ˵ͷݹǣ֤֤Ҷʾ
ݹɫЩѿ֤ݣȻûУҲֻǲ²ѡǰҪó֤ݣõĳ
ʱҶȻЦݹǰò֤ˣȻǾݹǰ̨ȥӰǼɺã
ݹ俴Ҷɱ˿Σ֪ĵӣڵưδʽʼʱͻҶʧϣҲʧһˡֻǿϧûкҩ
ݹǶҶɱ⣬һԵʫü΢һڤС
ʱһԵĲüݹǣưжԲ֣߳Ҳס㣡
˵û٣ưص۹ٰͬģƶĹҲص۹һƶģݹǸڱ̨϶Բ߶֣ص۹ϡ
иͬʱص۹ϵģԲǰݹǣ
ԣݹɱ࣬һȻһʧ˱̨ϣһȾʬ壬ʼգûһۣԼ˵ȾжΪ¹ٹͣǣˡûֵˡ
һĻҶͻȻһɰ⣬Ҷǰˣ⽣ڿҲͬݹǶԴȾ㰡ȾôǹڵӣȴǽڵӣҲ޿ɺǰ
һһԵʫҶȻһЦһʼμưֻΪʫԣڶҶ̬ȣѾҪˡǰʫվѾ㹻ˡ
ܶʱ򣬰ҪһϵõʲôǿԼΪԼ˸Щʲô˵ǺɵģҶһˡ
ʫҶһۣȻһҲʧ˱̨ϡ
ڿݹ뽣ʫȥưԻָµһλλ˱̨Ȼ㳡֮˸ը
Ļ̨£ĽԵҶʵ
ҶһȻҡͷһЦҵϣ
Ľ΢΢üɱȾģ˵꣬ĽǾòףֵǸҲʣ
ҶЦЦҲܱǸȷʵܸ㡣֪ܿôɱȾˡǵģһȾ滹и࣬ǿĶ֣ЩǿĶǰĵƻһһŽҿʱĽȻ֪νȾˣ
ҶĻĽ΢΢ͷȻ˱̨
ҶԭֻСǾǰһս󣬴ʱҶ˵еʱߴڵؽǰնɱһɱƷǿߣʵǲܲСɵ
Ҫ֪ٳˣж˻ؽؽôҶڵؽǰնɱȾġ
һ̣˴ʱֻһͷǾϣڳǩ֮Ҷ
֣֪λɱȾ𣿡ĳȻԵ¡ȻǰҶػɱȾõһЩɵ
ҡҡͷɫ΢΢ص˵һܹɱңʱΪֻ˵ݻڿǿĵư
չۣĳ̫࣬ˣעģȻ
𣿡üëһȻǰʦǺεȵĿεȵԵҿû˵ʱ˭ܹ⽣ʦģ
뽣ʦȣȻȻ˽⣬Ҳܣ
²÷ЦЦɣ
Ȼһۣƺܿû´ٻһɱҶɣ
³Ĭˡ
³ĬȻҲ̧ͷ˱̨
ʮ̨ϣ˴Ȼϱ̨ȥڼڳֻɱԷ顣ϾֻҪԹģ˫㵽Ϊֹġ
ưԵĹЩпģΪһ˵ĻǲܸģͻֱʧȥμӱԵʸ
ÿһߣÿһԶȫԸȻܾܿûлվڱ̨ˡ
ڼ䣬ص۹ȻаٻȻԼٻ¶˺üε̨ʣûһΰܼûаܼɵؾͽԼĶ֡õЩ뿴˵Ƶ߶ʱʧѣ
ڳߣ˵Ŀֻưʮкֻܶڱ̨¶棬ҲһЩһˣȻ£ȻҶ¡
ֻҪЩ֮κһˣεĬĬԺǵֻһ֪ˣǻᱻ׳֦ûеģڵһʱӵУȻǰǻһΣ߻ĵӣ
ƣƣưԢֱƣȻǾ仰ǰʵǱȻ˵ˣСܲ
ʱһһȥתѾҹʱĻʹſȴͬ磬Ϊڻʹſڵܣ¹ʯЩ¹ʯҫ£㳡ͬ磬һҲӰưıԣ
ص۹ȻսɢȻ
һ̨ͻȻ˲е
ԣæĿһų̋˹ȥĵӵսǱȽڴģһнȻʱһЩǴ̼
ǲ²һȻǲһн
ҲǣȻδҲû˵ֱ̨ˣ
ǣҴֱ̨䡭
죡
۷׷֮УһӰֱ˱̨ϣ˲ǱˣȻ
ʱһɫ۵꣬һѺɫų̋һһ˹ȥ

һĻЦ
˵ЦУߵ˱̨ϡ
ԼȥȥȻһۺ꣬Ȼ

ʱͻȻһĽ֮ȻЩߵĽҲ
⣡
һĻ˶ʱɫһ䣡


246 
Ȼĺͷų⣬ţǴ˵еĶư֮϶ٳĲߵģڣȴѾ˽ߡ
⻹ò˻ˣ˿̣Ƶš
ǽ֮ϣͷŽ⣬üͷ΢΢һ壬ȻһһԵʫһۣɫƽ·֪һ㣬üͷĸˡ
źų̋µҶҲЩ⣬¶ȤΪĿǰΪֹûˣڣǰȴһ뿴Է⽣ġ
̨ϣȻֻ΢΢һ㶣ȻǻعȻȥˣ
պɫȻ߱ߵӡУһ㶼ûк³Ҳ⡣ųһڶǿߣѪʸιҵĽˣ
ȻŭЦҵѪʸιĽԣ
˵ͷͣ˽Ų˫һգ͵һʱ⻮ֻһ˲䣬̨Ͼͱ֣ȻֵĻһֱʮĴص۹Ȼ
˲Ϣ󣬽ɢ¶˱̨ϵˡʱӦ˵ʱȻʱߣԼǽ֮ϵӵ˽¶֮ɫ
ֻʱȻ·Ѿڣǳϣ类ǧһ㣬һѪۣȻɫҲؽۣʱȻݣͬһѪѪһ㣡
ȻˣǴʱȻȴû
£ٻ£ԼѩȻҶʱɫЩأ˲ĹʵЩֲ
ȻûȻһĨ⣬˼£뵽ʲôȻʼӵһ޵ֹƤǼףǼܹƤڣסͷȫʱھʹؽƷǼװɣ
ʱȻûзŭһһڳǹУņ̀ңָȻӵؽƷȻһоͽңϧûУԣˣ
䣬һεȻгǹ֮бӿ
ǹ⣡
һĻٴһҲ֮е£ȻֻԪ֮ͯ£Էһ⾳ҲǺ¡
ܵǹǹ⣬ȻǷһĨЦһǹ⣿Щ˵꣬кɫ΢΢һȻһɱǰؽٴӿ
УȻǹǹʱɽɢ
ؽ⣡
һĻǽ֮ϵӼɫ΢䣬ֻһؽĻҲֻ˵Ȼ츳ǶأǾͲǲˣǷǳˡؽⰡѾܹȻԼµв˰
ӱԪͯڼȻͷųؽʱ¶һĨȤؽ⣿һ˼ˡ˵ԽԽãΪֻܹ֮ԽӼ̣
һԵ΢΢ͷ¶һĨЦ⣬ĵʦѡˣ츳ʵձضܹΪҽһ˵꣬뵽ʲôֿ˵ҶһۣҶͣ˼Ϣ˿
ûȻôʧҶӶоޱȵĺϧȻֺϧĸоȻԽԽˡϾ˸õˣ
̨ϣȻ¶һĨأؽ⣬ʹҲӰһȻǰһȻû뵽ưһƥȻȻˣģƥֹɣ
˵꣬ȻкɫǹһȻһɰޱȵǹ⴦ӿ
ǹ⣡
ٴһ
Ȼ˫һУȻǺųĵڶţȻ˶ǹ⣬ȻˣǽǿǹǿҵĽǿ䣬ȻպɫȻһ㣡
ʱǺɫ⴦ͬ׹һ㣬ż̶Ʒ죬ضȻȥ
һĻź̨£ҶƤһΪȻʩչǷ齣ˣԷȻ齣أҲԣΪ齣ʹﵽأҲ˿ֲơ
ҶɻʱԵĽͻȻķ齣ķ齣ǲбĵؽƷ齣ҽڵˣ
ԣҶüͷһ壬˱̨
ĽȻҴ⣬ֳǰ̤һȻǹ͵һǹӰʱ˱̨֮ϣʱ
䡭
ڹ㳡֮ţǾ޴ı̨ĵ濪ʼϢ䡱һһų̋˾Ŀ֮кȻһʱ䣬ҳϿա
ɢȥ¶˷֮еȻȻʱ˲վŵģŵģؽǷǳֲģŵؽӿֲŵؽನ£˶û⡣
˭ʤ
˶赹ˣӦƽְɣȻ˭ʤ˭ƽ
û뵽ɢȻȻܹȻսƽǺôһƥ
ڳȺ۷׷ʱһԵĲЩΪˣʱ˶ڵϣ˭ʤ˭
ڲΪʱ֮еȻȻͻȻͬʱˡ
Ƭ̣˾㵵Ŀ֮УȻȻ˻վվĿһʱ˶ԷȻ˲ӿ
˻ҪսʱͻȻ˳У˿һۣȻսƽ֣˵꣬һʧ˳С
ԣн¶˲֮ɫ˶Υ˵ľ俴˶ԷһۣȻһȥ
Ȼ˼ͻȻͣתͷ˾ź̨֮µҶҶȻǷһĨЦһĨɭɱ⣬ҶͣƬ̣Ȼתȥһʧ֮С
Ⱥ֮УҶüͷ壬Ϊһֱڹ۲ȻȻʱҲڿԷȻԷصĺܺãɱ⻹Ǳ׽ˡЩͷԣҪ֪ǴδȻİ
ԷȴԵҶɻ󲻽⡣
ҡҡͷҶȥЩԷȻɱǾĵˣȻǵˣڽı֮еȻ֣ô򵥡
ȻԷʵǿرһȻǽҶҪ¶ԷƽĶۣ֮ͬУҶû¹˭ʹԪͯҲû¹
һų̋٣ص۹ò½һų̋һΣٴμʶ˴ص۹ĿֲΪǺɵľ޴̨һʱǳ˹㳡֮ϣ
ǣµһֱֿʼˡ


247 ҧҰ
˵ڶ죬ڼ䣬Ҷܹ˶ʮʮȫʤԴʱĻǾ֮ߵļ֮һ֮˵֮һΪﻹҲʮȫʤ
ٻ£бѩȻ˶ʮ˶Ƕʮȫʤ˶ʮֵ֡һ˵һ̨ȻԼȻԴ˽ֹڽı֮оҲû
ֻ˶ʮһֵĻ֡
ֹһ죬ڼ䣬ҲûгֹȻֳưڶֵĴʱ޶죬ԣҲһ죡
磬˵ĳ֣ưڶֵĵһ׶ʽ
ڹ㳡֮Ǹ̨վʮˣʮˣ¶Ľ֮ɫΪʮ˾ÿСǰ򵥵˵ʮֻҪ־עҪ쳹
ʹǽ֮ϣڵʱǸ˵ĲˣΪڵҶĽǰʮѰҵǸȻҲǰʮҲ˵ʱѾӽǰʮȴһûУβˣ
⣬ɱּʱһ԰ٻĲʷͻȻҪֻ֪нǰʮ˲ֵܷұ֤㽣ڵҶĽڵڶв⣿
ԣɫ΢䣬Ц࣬Ϊʷ˵ģҶĽ֮ȥǽھͻεĹûκˣΪ˵Ľǻᱻεġ
飬ʷЦŨ˼֣⣬ӦҲ֪жǲϣġЩˣĻ԰㣬һڳϳֱ䣬Ȼһֱ䣬һưĹǵСܱסˡСסȻҲˣ㽣Ȼлˣ
ԣЩ⶯ʷﻰȻһ㣬ǻеġʷ˵ýȻ֪ȻԪص۹ص۹ǲκ׳󣬶ԪţԪŵӽڣȻΪ˵Եʡ
ҶĽڱ֮ȻԼԪͯ˵ȻԪͯ϶ǲκֵģǽںò׵ĳɼֻ˲ʧȥ˰ڵĴʵǾˣ
һֱ䣿ʱһԵʫ˲ʷһۣȻҪҽڳΪ˵Ц𣿡
ΪЦҲýڼûã𣿡ʷЦ
һԵʱͻȻʷ˵еһͬʫ˵ģҽڵɾȫˡⲻУ
Ļʫ˵ͷڵӿ԰ܣԲ˶ˣȻԺ̧ͷĲҶĽڵӣ
ʷĿڱ̨֮ϵҶϿһۣΣͻȻһЦȻǿҶ䣬ĽԲͿˣӦ֪Ұٻ֮ĶԹС£ɣ
ԣʫüһ壬Ҷʵ˽һЩҪ˵Ҷʵ£ǾҲЩŵġҶû벻ΣʵҶΪߵʱ̫ˣҶûùڵԣǹ棬Ҷǿ϶Ȳµġ
ԣʷֱ׵ĻʫиֳһĨǡ
һԵ˼
̨ϣĿҶһһɨЩ꣬΢΢һ̾Щ꣬ûǴص۹δĶ֮šֻǿϧЩĵӣҲ˵ЩδпܳΪص۹ǿˡ
΢΢ҡͷջ˼˿ڵλϲǽưֻҪı֮вǴŻңóԴҲᱻص۹ͨݡ֮ڽֻ֮ҪǵǰҲķɻڴ
˵ûſڿӣưǰʮⱾѾ֤˵츳ǱֻҪҪ뽣ڻڻжûʲôˡҪԪԼص۹ĻʼѧԺǰʮе㲻ģǰʮԪʼѧԺĶǱ
ֽһЩĹ
ĹȵһֵıӲпᣬҲǳǩ֣һֵıЩͬΪβ䣡ֻҪһ䣬Ǿͻɥʧʸ
ΪıԣԵڶֵƵ죬ڶһϢʱ䡣
˵ΪλİȫλҪ۶Ҫ֪ưǾĪʧġԣλ۶ֻҪڵ۶֮ڣҴؾܱ֤λİȫҪ˵۶ҴؾͰĪˣ˵꣬һʧԭء
ȥ̨ϵһЩҲһ̨ȥ˵ǲԸ˷һʱ䡣
̨ϣȻȻ֮ܣһ챻ǰȻˣ˵һ޴ĳ裬Ҫϴˢ裬ֻȻϴˢ
˵꣬ȻȻشһԾڵȻ󼸸Ծʧ֮С
ȻʧĵطȻЦһأ뵽ʲôȻתͷ˳̨ȥҶվס
ȻҶȴŲûͣ٣ֱ·ȥ
һĻȻȻһҶǰ赲Ҷȥ·Ȼͣסû˼ֻ뿴Ͻūڶʮʲôӣϧеʧ
ҶһȻȻ˵ˣ
Ȼ˫΢УɱһȻţź³ӦҲˣеؽƷףӦûаɣ
Ҷ£ȻʵҺܺ棬ƺδɣΪҪң
ȻЦһݻ֪Ҹ㣬ʦˣڵδ㣬𣿡
ҶˣѹֶԷϬԭ˵ͽܣֻ˵ͽܣΪβμưأҡҡͷҶȥЩЩҶûаϵǰҪȥڵδҲûаϵ
ҶҪȥڵδȥˣģûҪ˼
ҿܲˬȻͻȻ
ԣҶȻʧЦȻҧң
Ȼ˫΢Укɫһ֮ȻʱʫͻȻ֮䡣
Ҫֵˣüͷһ壬ҶһۣȻҶҽڵŵӣ˵ӦýȻһʦģ
ԣҶҡҡͷǰҲ˵ˣѾǽڵӡУδҪڴĵĻǾȰ͵һ㡣˵꣬Ҷʫ˵ͷȻͣ˱̨
̨ϣȻҶıӰɱΣ


248 
뿪ʹ㳡Ҷɿ;ӣȻҶ㵵ɿ;ӾȻˣѯһɿ;ΧһЩ̣Ҷ֪ԭɽʱɿ;ӾͻȻţȻеĻƶ·˼һ㣡
ǰŽյɿ;ӣҶĬţϦ֮Ψһϵʽɿ;ӣɿ;ӹţҪϵϦ£ȻиǵģǾɿ;ΪʲôҪţ
ϦҪնϹϵϦʲôѣԲŹţնϵ
Ϧ֮ȻЩ֪֮ϵϦ¶һЩøУҪ˵ҶǲŵġϦڻʹ֮гŮˣǲװһ˵ģ
ΣҶҡҡͷת뿪ɿ;ӡ˵ҪưϦµ飬ֻʱһˡΪںı֮УЩûˡԣҪλưһһ
뿪ɿ;ӺҶĿĵڽֵţΪʱķ֣ƺѾǹ¼ҹˡ
ڵӣǣʦӣҲǡɿ;ҲţҶЪŵĵطû
ҶǷһĨԳȻĿĵĳŽֵǰȥ
ʱҶͻȻͣ˽Ųǰ棬ֻһϮµʫ֪ʱʫҶϸֳһĨЦݣΣǰվûģ˵㹻ˣ
ʫҶһĨӵɫǰӣʣԼϲûУʹԼȴʼûһ𰸣ֻ˵ʼղԸȥԼʵ뷨
΢΢ҡͷʫڵΪβؽڣ
ҶЦЦֲǲ֪뽣֮Ĺϵȥֻ뽣ڵΣԣǲȥĺá
ʫĬˣΣֵĴΣգԵĻưһԣ
Ҷҡҡͷ֪ԪţǰٻǴص۹ȻǽڵǸȻû취ưһڱصãΪ˿ҪĴۣ
ʫ΢΢ҡͷȻưһԪԼٻϣ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪һҪȥǵһΪܵõһһʮ˵һôҶ˼ֵʱص۹зʦᣬǽڶ¿ң𣿡
ʵҶһֱףһ֣ԪٻҪɱѾʲôˣǴʱưѾǷʦ˵ѾͲ֪ˡҪƳ֣˵ǾֻЩʶļֵ
ֻҪưһţʱĽص۹зʦᶼάʵôпᣬûмֵˣֻбķݣмֵˣǻ˵ġ
ʫٴγĬˡϣҶ˵ĻеģҶȷһ֮У֤Լļֵ˲滤ʦҲ滤ص۹ص۹ȻҲΪһûмֵȥԪٻ
Ҷ˵Ҷֻ֮ضпһ
һ̾ʫҲ֪㻹ʲôƣܹȥõһֻ˵˵ԪͯȻаٻѩŮʦΪѰҵǸȻǵʵĺܲ򵥣Ҫǵһĺѣ
ʫ֮еĵǣҶһůȻЦģҼȻҽָһҾһЩģ֪ģҿɲִӵˣлҪȥġ
ʫҶһۣԥ£ȻֵȻʦΪѰҵţʦʦڽҪСġҪ֣ϣΣ
ҶЦЦʫǰҲˣе⣬Ҷе⡣ţڱ֮϶ǻֵģȻȻҲ֡ԣҪҲܴӦȻɱңҾҪɱ
ںܶϣѡЭòԭǣҶΪκ˸ı䡣ȻɱѾǳԣȻ׳յڱ顣
ҶĻʫٴεһ̾ҶȻϣκһǱ̨ϡȻѡˣҶɱҶп²õӡҶ˵һ¡
ҴʱĽڣҲȷҪȻܹõĳֵţ
ʫҶһۣԥһ£Ȼһ˲ҶǰȻҶǸоһζһůĽϣֻʫŵư䣬һʫʧҶǰ
ΣҶعȻһЦʫȻʱȻ֪ʫֻΪýڲʧһţΪһˣվЩġΪʫУڵĵλʼ֮ϵġ
ȻΪʫһֱԴɫΪҶԽмֵΪҶܹڴ棬Ż˴ʫղȥʱһ仰֪ʫվġ
ûнڵķأǶ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ҷڸ龭һƬհףôȥһˣֻ֪ϲһǾȥŬõģʹԷȻĸ밮ģǶ˵ܹһˣⱾһǳҸˣȻԼϲҲܹϲԼǾ͸Ҹˣ
ţҶϵЦɢȻʱҶ˫ͻȻԲңе齣ͻȻһ֮ȻҲ·Ҫ֣Ҫһ㡣
˫վλãɼӲʯ̾͵ĵذȻس֩ѷ죬һʼֻҶ˫ŴǲϢʱ䣬Щ֩ϸСѷǳ˷ɢ˿
ʱҶΪģΧʮɵķΧڣʯذ忪ʼ˴ѡ
ڴʱҹҶߵֵƫƫĵطû˷һĻ
վԭذΣҶҡͷЦЦû뵽Լֻһͷͨʹﵽ˽ءЩϷ簡
ǵģʱҶѾأΪʲôֱӽأҶҲǺãΪǰ⿪ĽᣬͷͨԵʡôأԴʱ˵һ£ԽЩ꣬Ҷֶ˼ֵʵ
˿Χй¶ĽɵĳҶһЦȻһʧԭأ


249 ǿǿײ
ڶգص۹ʹſڱǾۼߡ
ڹ㳡봦һ޴ı̨̨ϣվС֮ӱʮˣԣӦʮһˣΪʱԪͯҲվ˱̨֮ϡ
ֵ֮Уɫ׵İͻȻ˱̨֮ϣ˳ڱ̨ʱ¶ʱ
Ŀ̨Ⱥ֮һһɨĿվĻʹǽ֮ϣȻλưǲпģ֮ˣ̨֪վĶǸλ֮е꣬λ̨ϣǣһλҪƻưĹأҪԳ־Լµĵӣ߶Բ֣߳ƻԴص۹屣֤ĸˣ㶨߲۶
˵Ļʹǽ֮ϵһø߲۶ص۹ԽԽŰԵ˰ȻԴвӺܲˬ
ӣˣǿʱһ԰ٻĲʷͻȻʵ
ӳƬ̣Ȼ۶߾֮г֮⣬ûĶ֣Ҳǡǳ˵۶ûһ˼ҵĶ֡
ʷﳯ·˿һۣһĨɵ˵ӵеߣ䱾ǺȻһһ˼ڵ۶˵߾ǻ߾Ҳֿֿܵ
ص۹ӵֳǿߣĴ˴⼸µǼ֧ؾӣǿУ´ʱѾų˰ɣڵͻȻ
Ļ˽ǳĬص۹֮Ȼһֱల£ֻǱ棬˶֪ص۹ȻӦ˵ʼʣһֱ¡
֮ڻûֻΪһиǿĵ˴ڣ
̨ϣһЩλʽʼ˵ֵ꣬һԪԪͯսɢޣǺӣ

˵ĻȺһƬȻΪû뵽һľȻԪͯ
̨ϣǽǺӵ˵Ļʱһ㶣Ȼ¶ɬܽǰʮʵȻǲ˵ģԭǰû뵽Ȼһˡ
֪Ƕ֣ҲòսºһȻߵԪͯĶ棬΢΢ȭͽ̣
ԪͯȻһЦȻɼΣȳְɣȻûˣ
ԣǺһĨŭܹưʮ츳ʵȻǲ˵ģ츳ʵȻаڣԪͯӣܲŭ
һһտУӿտ֮Уӿ룬һʵʵˮ˲ƣĳһ̣ǺտԪͯ͵һ
ˮĻ컪
Ǻһŭȣտ֮еЩˮ˲ͻȻͬ˳һ㣬һһտ˱ӿУһһˮĻǰȻԪͯǵصѹ˹ȥ
ԶɵȻԪͯǺһĨϲ⣬ˮĻ컪ǵؽƷڵһֵĴ֮УδʹùΪľΪƣȻڶ֮ȡһõΡֻû뵽һȻԪͯԥʩչǿĵơ
ԪͯڵؽǰУһ˿
ǵصˮԪͯҡҡͷӦòǿϧȴûܽʩչУе˷ˣ˵꣬ǰһȻһȭ
ƣ
ԪͯһȣһȭԪͯȭͷ֮𵴶ԪͯǰЩˮĻ·ѩһ㣬˲ɢ
һĻ˴סˡǿǵؽȻԪͯһȭˣ
ʱҶҲɫЩأһֱԪͯʵʵֻ˵ҲֻԪֹͯһΣԪͯʵĸزڣؽȻ򵥵һȭƵʵǿÿֲݰ
ҶǻǰʮߴʱɫǼΪأҲȻбѩٻŮѡеȻҲ⡣Ȼһ̣Ԫͯʵ𾪵ǣ
̨ϣһȭƵǵؽˮĻ컪Ԫͯûгʤ׷ǿǻûعǺӵңȥںúɣ
ԣǺӿɬһЦȻԪͯ˱ȭллˣ䣬һԾ˱̨
ԪͯԪͯ񡭡񡭡
Ą̊́󣬳˻عȻźʱֱ
ǿΪ磬ǿߣݵģɣԪͯʵõ˵ݡڼ򵥵˵ǣʱԪͯѾΪڳеż
ŵ˳ݵ˵źԪͯȻһЦһư񣬲Ӧ˵Ӵ˿̿ʼδ򼸰ڣԪͯһ˵̨⼸ڣעģ
ĳ˿ų̋ϵԪͯһĨǣӵʵ츳ɳȥպسΪҴص۹һǿľС
ȥԵİԼص
Щ⶯ܿȴҡҡͷãٲǶ֣Ȼؽҡ˵ֵ꣬ϧˣư֮ɱĻᣬֻǿϧ̨ʮ֮Уȴûһܹɱ
пܳΪ꽣ʦǰʱҴص۹Σӣرһλ񣬵ʱ壬򽫻жͶԪţ
˻ҡͷ˵Щ᲻֪ʼ᲻֪Ǽʹ֪Σ֣ȷʵܽȥǺأԪ֮սʱضվԪһߡʱ˰
ԣĬˡزηԪţȴòɵһţʹҲòϣԪŵĵʵĺֲܿ
΢΢һ̾һ˱̨֮ϣһԪͯ˵սԪԪͯʤ
˵Ⱥٴαһ󻶺֤λ֮˵һǳҵ£
ԪͯһȻһԾ˱̨
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Ȼһͷųǹ⣬ȻҲд⣡䣬ȻպɫǹǰһȻҶһ㣡
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һߣ˿̨ϵҶû˳ɾͣ츳ǱÿֲݣֻǿϧˡֻܹصޣзĸףţǷʦᣬǽڣǲԸģ
ˣˣةֻῴ˰ɣһԵİ
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ʱȻɫԵüΪӴһĽۣѪȾ˱µв֣У˿ȥԵüΪֲ
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պɫǹȻ˫۳죬ɫһɹɿ񱩵ڲӿņ̀ңָҶһֱưĺǶС㣬ģβˣһ㡭
Ȼƺ˵ʲôݻȻͷʲôֲȻҶȴûˣŸ˵һ룬Ҷҽ͵صŵأͬһöڵһ
Ҷ֮зϻƪɵΪҶɵƣûзϻֱӶ֡
ڼ粽뼲ѥļӳ£Ҷٶȴﵽ˼£䱾֮˺ѣһ֮һǳǳĲӰõ˶ı塣
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һĻľЩߣǽ֮ЩдʱҲɻ󲻽⣬ȻǰΪλ¶ֱ飬ȻΪʲôͻȻ֮ͱҶһնɱˡ
̨ϣҶһУ齣ɻУȫ޵ȻҶе齣ʬһ裬һϢȻǱ顣
ȻʬҶһУȻеɽǱɫǹɵУҶ˾㵵Ŀ֮У˱̨


251 £
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ҶԪͯԴʹҲɱǿϧУĶֻ֣ԪͯˣĶ֡
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΢΢ҡͷҶԽԽ͸ȻҲܹĶ֣㻹ҪСһЩλ񣬲˵£ϵԪδˣӦֻ֪ɹʧܣ
Ԫͯ΢΢ͷû˵ֻǷһĨЦһ֮У޵۹Ǹѩ΢ɵ֮⣬ޣ˭ʸԪͯĶ֣
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˿ܹǿҲǵͷˡϾǰһʵÿֲݵġ
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ڣֻҪԪͯһ̨̨¾ͻ˸ߺһСһС
ԪͯʵжǿҲֻٻѩŮ֣˲ſ֪ܵһš
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ǣҪ֪ɽ֮УҶǱԪͯһȭ͸˵ģȻȻҶУǰ˵ĶԪͯҿԪͯЬ䡭

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ĳһ̣ҶͻȻˣζȻʧԭأһӰ±ȥ齣һһɫȼ£


253 䣡
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Ƿ֮гĵֿЩԲҶǽ֮еʫٴθһĨ֮ɫ⾧ԲǵؽƷһӵĵؽƷ´ʱʩչǰʹһЩ߾ǿҲǵֿסİ
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һԣٻĲʷͷһ¶ЦݣҶʵʹҲòϣĿ˵ǺܲˡΣΪٻһܳĵӣǹԼĽ̵ٻǸõġҶأ
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غϣ̫ˣʺ˽⣬˵гغϣһغ϶ܳŹȥ

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ٴγĬˣ֮¿ҶһۣȻ㣬ϣְգ䣬תԶˣ䣡

µĻһƬȻٻ䣿䣿ʲô˼ڳ߱һ仰ĴЩ·ˡ
ҶʱҲЩˣоõ»ûȫģ³ȫضҪսһģû뵽ǰ¾Ȼ䡭


254 Ȼʵ
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ΪʲôҪ䣿ڳ֮УԼ⣬ûκһ֪
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ܿ죬ȥΪҪֱˣΪԪ̨ͯˡԪͯĶɢޣа׺ӡ
׺ӳЩֿĿ࣬Ǿ˵Ŀ飬˻Ѿʮ꣡ԼĶԪͯʱ׺ϲû¶κΰ⣬һһͷ󵶳У󵶿żϣȻ˱̨
ڴĿ֮УԪͯҲǳ˱̨֮ϣԪֵͯһ̣ʹ㳡֮϶ʱ
ԪͯһУԪͯһС
һС
Ԫͯʼ̨ĶִûгŹһеģڣٴһаܵе񻰣
ˣԪͯ΢΢һЦȻŴ󵶵İ׺ӣָЦݲһַ緶š
û˵ԪͯװƣΪ˼ȷʵʵȻúܶ˲ˬˬҲû취
Կʼʱ˽ĿƵ˰׺ϣڣҶ뿴׺ӾܲԪͯ³ŹһУ
ʱİ׺ѹģȻ˭ĶԪͯѹģѹҲϰҪ䣬ҲҪв䰡Ȼʵ̫һ㣡
һ׺ӽϵĴ󵶻˫ŵӿӿһɿƾճ˰׺Χ׺վ֮Ӳĵذ忪ʼѡ
һĻжʱһݣ׺ܹǿȫģЩʵģֻԪͯǰĻЩ
ڰ׺ӶԪͯһȻģ˿ûгֵ˼ɰ׺ƣ
ĳһ̣׺һĨɫ˫Źͷ󵶣϶¶Ԫͯ͵ؾһʱһɳİɫâԹͷ󵶵Ķ˼ڵâ̺֮ʵֲ̫â֮һ֮Ĺ֣԰׺˫ŴһֱӵԪͯǰ
ǿֲĵâԪͯǰ֮ʱԪͯŶˣǰ̤һȻֽճȭǵɳĵâ˹ȥʱһȭӡ
ڴĿ֮УȭӡǵâڿһܵĽӴ
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Ԫͯ±̨֮˳˱̨֮ϣ·ЩڻȺɫ΢Ԫͯɾ֮δţֻҪһ߸氡Դص۹˵ǲġ
һ뵽ʱ龰˱鲻Խصһ̾ʱֹܹԪͯͺˡпԪͯʱչֳʵ˵ڳЩ쾳ߣЩ߾ǿҲһܹսʤҪֹҲֻ߾ǿˡ
ʵвֹԪͯģԪЩжҲԪͯģǰٻѩҲ˼Ϊĸ뿴δǧڣԪһҶ󣡵룬ȴ˸ҸжġĸҶԪ֣ͯǺǽ⵽ԪŻԵı
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кõ츳ǱǲģΪʱܻȥ˺õ츳Ǳ㻹Ҫһõĺֻ̨һǿĺ̨ܹлɳ
ʱҶΪûһͬԪǿĺ̨˿ѾǱɣ
ܿ죬ٴοʼһ̨ǱѩȻĶ֣ӵܣ㣡
һԣûгʲô⣬ڽֲʮغϣȻǻ㣡õٴλѡ
ǿ֮УԪ֮ͯ⣬Ȼ˺ߵģȻǵʵй⣬ΪòϾŮĶܻӭģοʵŮֻǿϧ䣬ֹǿˣ
Ȼսֺ
ڴʱ˵ٴ˵Ķߡ
̨֮ϣȻֳһɫŽǰֺֺЩ֣ǹŵЦ⣬ԪͯЦֺͬЦ˸оǷĵЦһҲα
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ְɣֺȻʵ˵һֱûнֺУĶ֣ӦԪͯ£ȻҶҲһǰֺûع
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ȻʱԭٶȽֺȴͻȻٶȱԱǰٶȻһ˲䣬ֺѾȻǰȻӡǵЩסȻ


255 һв
ͻıʣõȻЩסǺܿǻععȻһɫŽӿֺЩӡ˲顣ȻʱֺͻȻسȻҲ࣬Ȼһѷɭ亮ذףһ죬ȻĲĨ˹ȥ
Ȼ΢΢üһתɫŽ͵غɨֺٶȱֺ켸֣
Ȼٶȱ죬ֺò֣ذһ

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ȻҪٴηʱڵֺȴذ΢΢һ󷭣˵ϣȻȻ˱ȭЦȻֺʵ䣡
ֺĻȻĿֺһֱۣǰϴЦֺûгȫȻʹֺȫҲǲġֻɻɻԷΪʲôҪͻȻ䣡
ȻɻʱֺȴѾ˱̨
ֺ䣬ûͬǰ㣬õ۷׷ɻ󲻽⣬Ҷûʲôڴ䣬ҲֻĲȻϾȻ˶ؽ⣡
ֺ䣬ǿˣֱԪŵԪͯѩȻҶȻڣԽԽԽңΪǿûһߣԪͯһаܵ񻰿ҲҪֹˣ
ų֮̋ϵҶȻ˸пѣʱ˭뵽ҶǰȻȻܹɱưģȻ˸û뵽ҶȻ˽⣬һֹһأ
ʱ⿴ҶԽԽ˳ۣǰҶоΣǿķǳ˳ۣΪʲôΪҶɱǿֻҪҶǽھܸı佣µδΪԭôʱҶǷǳ˳ۣ
ȻưҶĴûġ
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ȻɫʱЩÿȻɲҶ˦ɫûʵ̶ֳȣһȻĿԪͯͣһ£ȻϿһۣĿҶϣȻƶˡ
״΢΢ͷһӣȻԪͯʱʧ˱̨֮ϡ
ȻսҶ̨֮ϣصȥʱ
ȻѡҶʹǽ֮ϵʫüԵҲüͷΣҶʱǴŽڣȻҶɱǴʱԽ˵ɲһ£
ȻҶȻɱǾ͸ˣȻܡ
֮ȻʱľٶԭкøеҲЩ죬Ȼʶ壡
ʱһߵ¶Ϸ֮ɫȻݣһʼͲ²Ǹйϵڿʫ飬ȷȻضǽڵһԱڵӶԽڵӣҿǰģ񻹲һء
̨ϣȻҶϴЦû뵽ôҪֳһʤˣ
ҶҡҡͷʵûҪģΪҴûҪȥڵδ⻰˵Ȼ㲢šȻˣǾһսɣ
ȻЦһȻ˽⣬ڽ輫Ϊãһ֮Уڽ治κˣǾ˭Ľţһýڵ֪ѡңûģ
䣬Ȼǰ̤һ۷彣⳯Ҷӿʵʣ֮飬һ֮ڳв쳹
ҶҲǰһȻͷų˽⣬ɼΪĽڿ֮һռʱ̨ĵ棬𽥳һϸС֩ѷ죬ڼٶѸɢš
һĻȺһƬ
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˽ĽţĺֲܿưûԪֳͯڣư񽫻˵ֻ̨ǿϧԪͯڣؽǣҲֻܳΪˡԪͯһʱò˵ǵı
˵Ԫͯˣ˵˵˭ʤɣ
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ҾãҲҶȻҶڶûʩչʲô˵Ҫ֪ȻȾǶģ

ʱ̨ϣĽ⣬̨·һεиһ㣬Ϸиԭ̨ΧЩ߳ԶԶ˿ΪɽɵǿֲѹǸҿ
ưⳡʰʹǽ֮ϣӿų̋ϵˣЦλ˽ĽŽ֣ǿ۽簡ǿ⣬ӵЩóǽ֮ϵҲˡ
ɲǣٻĲʷ￴һ⣬ȻҲЦҶȻѾ˶ؽ⣬ʱδضһǿֻ߰ǿϧжźεɱ⣬עҪһڱ̨˰
ڳĴжʲô޴ˣǻ֪ȻèĻǾǰ׻ˡҲΪ֪ȻǽڵˣǲŻֻԭţǽδͻǿȻڣžȻ˳ˣͬУò˵⽣ڵĸ߲ʵ̫ʧһ㣡
ʱɫǼΪѿģΣΪ̨ϵ˶ܹܵģҶѾǽڵӣȻˣȻ߾ǿߣΣΪ˶Բ
̨ϣȻɫҲЩѿΪ֣Ľ⾹ȻЩҶĽ˿˲£ֻ֪ĽѾЩֿסҶĽˡ֣ȻЩ߳ŭ
ΪһֱüʹҶ˽⣬Ҳ϶ûĽ⾫ģڡ
ҶʱҶޱȣЦؽ⣬˵ʵЩСˡΪ˱һЩʵƣʩչؽ⣬ϽȻĽ飡ֻʵûҪؽѾ㹻ǰȻˡ
ΪҲȻĽⲻˣ
ʱȻͻȻǰ̤һĴָһɫŽǰֱָҶҶһвȻ䣡ƣ
ȻĻһƬȻͬǶؽ⣬ȻΪͻȻеѵҪʩչ


256 õһأ
Ҷɫ΢΢κһ֣οǰȻ˵ͽܣ˵ʵ̣ͽܲʲôطȥܣǵؽƷؽƷȴǼпܣ
һҶǰٴһһ˲䷭Ȼҿʲôõ˵ģ

ȻЦЦƬ̣Ȼ˫ͻȻˣ˫ǰһӡںɫŽĽһưɫֱ⴦ȥֻǵһƽ䵽⴦ʱһƽǹͣȻһȭͷİɫš
뽣⣬ǧһų̋ȻĶʹǽ֮ϵӳ˵ĳ޼âһȻȻ˵ĵӣⰡ
⽣ףֻǲ֪ȻܹӳԵԪͯ
Ȼף޼âһȻǵؽƷȴ˿ؽƷοȻ˽⣬Ȼܽʮɣ߰˳ӦûܵģȻǰͲ˵ǰˣӵ
ԪͯЦЦȻڵ뿴ҶҪӦԣ
ڼȻʩչһ̣ʫüٴ鲻ԽиŨŨ֮ɫû뵽ʦȻĳȻ޼âһڽڵؽ֮У۵Ļŵһİ
Ҷεֵ
̨ϣǲϢʱ䣬ȻɫŽ⴦İɫűȭͷһԴǰɫ̺֮ΪֲΪڰɫŵΧռ䲻ϵš
ȻŽ⴦ĹţҶɫΪǹ̺֮Ŀֲʹʮɵľ룬Ҳܹܵ˵ȻʩչĿǰΪֲֹģȻûʶıֱģ
һҶһ齣һԵĵϡ
һĻһ㶣ҶҪʲôҪ
齣ڵϺҶ˫ֻսȭڽɫ糱ˮ㳯˫ȭ֮ӿȥ족һ죬Ҷ˫۵˲䱬ѣ¶Ҷǹͭɫ˫ۣӿ룬Ҷ˫ۿʼ𽥸ֳһС߰һᣬҶ˫֮ϣѾܲȥǿֲ
ĳһ̣Ȼӡ˫ͻȻǰһƣȥ
䣬ǺɫŽͷİɫţͬٶȳҶȥɫŽɫ֮ռ䲻ϱţ·ʱҪһ㣬ǰƣΪֲõޱȣ
һĻҶ˫΢˫ȭ΢΢˲ϢȻ
ȭ
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ɫȭͷĳ֣ýɫȭͷ֮Ŀһ˲䱻ɣռ䶼ʼŤ
Ҷʩչǽ֮ϵļеɫһ䣬һֱȻǰҲɫˣ
ȭǵĳȻɫԭΪҶΪʲôȭ
𺳵Ŀ֮Уɫȭͷǰɫײһ𣬳һ˲Ȼ󡭡
䣡
һͻȻڳкȻ׺ƥڿһӴǱ˴˷ͷų˸Ŀֲʱһֲƾճ˹㳡ϿգХ̨ϿգȻõĿǱǿײŪЩģŤ
ʱҶȻɿֲĶʱɶ˷ɳȥʱֻ䡱һ̨ٴκȻ̮
һĻ˾쾳ģ߾ǿҲһֲܹ
֮УҶȻһڵϣɻⳡ˭ʤ˭ʱڵϵҶͻȻվ
ǰѾѿһϸСѷ˿ڣҶһңǿȻؽǰµ˺þˡ΢һ£ҶԶڵһȻȻ
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һĻǽ֮ϵɫһ䣬һڷ֮Ȼճڷ֮ʱͬʱǰ
ߣӦ֪ưĹزǣ˿
⿴һڵϵȻȻѾˣ˴αԣҶѾʤˣ
û䣡˵ֻҪû䣬ǱԾûнȻԸҶɱǾۡ
ԣ⿴ҶҶûʲôޣûҪذɣҪ֪ʦĵӣɱûһô
ɱҲûô𣿡ҶǷһĨЦߣǰѹǣýʧһţǾҪȰңȻȴѡңҪأҶһ䣬ΪʲôȥȰߣȻɱңҶɱ
ԣһʼȰȻҪҶжԵģǿϧȻûĻԴˣҲЩջȻջ𣬵Ȼվǲİ
׼˵ʲôʱҶȴǿˣǰҿԼ𣿡
ĿҶһۣȻתͷ⣬ߣ˵һ飬ȥȻ಻ˣ
ŭһȻȴòѡȥΪ֪˲ڸЦһ֣˵ʵضطǰڲΪⱨ𣬻ص۹Ǹ
ĿҶһۣһʧԭء
ȥԭһֱĬİͻȻҶСӣ㵱Ҫɱ
ҶЦЦȻ齣ڵѾԹȥȻ߱ߵΪβɱѵҲɱмң
ǽ˵ͽܣǽڵĵӣɱˣһͬе㰡
Ҷҡҡͷֶʲôã˵ˣڵѾôˣΣ˵ҪˣţһŵԶһ˵Ҫ
ԣҶһͣȻԪͯ»ҵѪɱӪұ㲻
ĻһԵüͷ΢壬ȴʲôҲû˵
Ҷһ齣ȻӳһȻԴʱ˳ȥһкҶͻȻתͷ˰Ȼһưһأ


257 ԪͯĿֲ
Ҵص۹㲻˵Ĳǰ񣬶ˣֻ˿ҶܻưһԸҴص۹ĻҴر㲻һ㡣Ȼǰܻưһ
ҶЦЦ˵תߡص۹뻹ЩֻҪưһǾʹҶܹսʤδ񣬵ʱţкܶ˳汣ֻҪԸ⣬ԪŵĴҲΪ
ҶֻҪǻ򵥣ֻҪʮɽ֮һ㣬Сһڣ˭ô
ҶĿĲҪҪԼĸףԼĸףǾעҪٻȻϣЩΪٻ𣿴ǲġ
˵˵ȥǾ䣬ϣʲô¶ǵÿԼ
ҶıӰСӲֻܷĸЩϧˣ
Щϧˡ˵һ䡣
ҶúݵİѾʤˣȴǻҪɱԷԣǺޱȰ
ǣȻѾԣȴǲŹԪͯȣҶǱȹڵ˻ҪݶǹڵҲûݶ
ߣŰɣᱻԪͯʰġ
һʱһµı̨³˹㳡֮ϣٴοʼ
ȻѡҶȻԪͯսȻ
̨֮ϣԪָͯ󣬿ŶȻưߣܹҿ۵Ĳ࣬һϣʧ
ģȻϧ
Ԫͯ΢΢ͷȻְɣ
Ȼ˫΢΢̧˲ӿʱһɺⶸȻ˹㳡֮УһЩ̨ϽߣʱоһɺϮ鲻Խشһսæɵľ룡
˿̣Ȼ˫ֲϰڶһڵĿˮһ㣬һȦȦɫʵڲɢȻΧһһİ׵㡪ǽ˱Ŀ
һѩȻȻѩǧ磬ǱѩһˡʱգضܳΪŮǿĴڰǽ֮ϣӿų̋ϵȻ޵
һԵĲʷһȴǳûΪȻȷʵ
̨ϣԪͯɰȻȻơ㵭Ȼģĵ߳ݲѣ
ĳһ̣ȻͻȻ˫ֳ͵һģǧ⣡
ȻһȣȻ˫ִ͵ɢһɴɫɴɫһ֣Ȼ˫վλãʱɱһּٶȳӿһϢȻΧʮɵķΧѾɱ
Ȼֲڱ̨ϿգȻʼѩ
ǱӵԪͯǰɵľʱԪͯԭֻսȻҽһ̤˶ʱԾȻӵļͬһ㣬ȻſеԪͯ׷˹ȥٶȼ죬˲Ԫͯ˫ţԪͯ˫˲ɱϢԪͯ˱Ǳױס
һĻʱľԪͯˣ
иͷʱͻȻ̨ϡǲһ죬ֻԭסԪͯļʼһϸСѷ죬ٹһϢֻ족һ죬ǸԪͯϵļʱ鿪
УԪ̧ͯһţȻͬǧ׹һ㣬͵سȥȻҽ͵ɱı̨һ̤
䣡
̨ʱһȻ˾㵵ĿУԭס̨ļȻ鿪ıм
һƵȻԪͯͷ˿Щ׵˫ȭȻĵؽǿһЩҲûôƵʩչǿưɣȻҳ֣ûˡӦ֪Ҳ˵󻰣
صȻһȻԥֳǰһ̽ʱƮڱ̨֮ϵѩͻȻֹͣ£˿УȻһЩ̵ѩͻȻת
ʱ̨ϿһͷƤļƷ졭
ǱѩĵؽƷѩɱѩɱ˵Ϊ̣˵Ҫ߲֮еˮҪǺ壬Ϊ̵ѩɱڱѩ˴λǿ⣬ûκɹû뵽ȻȻɹˡҶԣĽ˵
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻЩѩֲ̺֮ܿһߣһ䶼ֿסȻ¿϶Ҳʲô˵䣬ҿ»Ҫսһ
һֱû㣬ΪʲôҪأĽƫͷҶʵ
ҶЦЦʵ˵Ҳɻ󣡡
ĽҶһۣȻʣתͷ˱̨
̨ϣԪͯͷһγһĨأؽƷҲòӰȻҪȻһĳ̶ȣ
һΣԪͯڴ⣬ӿ֮С
ʱȻͻȻԪͯķһƣȵȥ
䣬ƬѩʱسԪͯȥÿһƬѩܹһĴ̶Ʒ죬Ȼ
̶ڳв̨߶ޱȣе̨Ͻߣ˫Ѫ
˾æˣ
̨ϣԪͯ˫΢УѩǰһɵľʱԪͯһһ̣͵سӡ˹ȥƣ
䣬һ޴ӡƾճԪͯǰ޴ӡԪͯĴ߶£ѩ˹ȥ
ӡ֮ռһ𵴣ǰƣ·춼Ҫһ㣡
ԪͯʩչĽɫ˲ʮɽ֮УԪͯһ˲ɱʮͷ޵İȻѩɱֿܵס
ĽɫأҶʱɫҲޱȣأΪؽĿֲ⣬ΪԪͯʩչٶȣһʩչؽ׼ҪƵģȻ֮ǰʩչѩɱʱҲǾƵģ
ȻԪͯȴһӣǵؽʩչˡ
˾Ŀ֮УǾ޴ӡѩײһʱ㳡֮һľ죬ţһͬĿֲƾճ˱̨ϣ
˳ʱ̨һ˲ǱΪ˷飬̮Ƿ顭
Ȼδǹڴݻٱ̨󣬾Ȼų̋Щ߾˹ȥ˾
ʱͻȻϿգ̺ſֲ񱩵磬ֳǰһ̽ȻһգֻǾ޴ͻȻر˿


258 һһؽ⣡
˳·ԪͯһۣȻһʧԭأ
Ƭ̺һлָƽУȻԪͯ˶Ȼ£Ȼһıܣǰ֮ܲкδԪͯԪͯİȻ¾ЩɻˣΪԪͯûмʲôʩչʲô͵
Ҫ𣿡Ԫͯȿˣ
ȻĿԪͯһۣȻˣ˵꣬Ȼ·ȥߵҶʱȻͣס˽ŲȻҶǿķϣȰһ䣬ҪνŬ
ҶЦЦȻһöȻȻлķȰһԡ룬ӦҲ뿴δļİɣ
ȻͬĿҶһۣȻȥ
ܿ죬ʹ㳡ٴγһµı̨˳µı̨ϣĿڵµҶԪͯɨһۣȻǿѡϢһգҲѡھͿʼԣ
ԪͯȻһЦҪ˵꣬Ҷ
ҶԪͯһۣȻһҪһսȻˣǾսɣ
˿ҶһۣȻȻˣǱٴοʼҶսԪԪͯ䣬һʧ˱̨֮ϡ
Ԫͯڱ̨ϵһ̣жʱ
Ԫͯ
񡭡
һС
˵źһǰƣΪˣ
һ̣˶ΪҶǱģӦǱġΪĿǰΪֹû˺һλܹԪͯչȫʵʹǱѩȻǰҲò䡣Ҷʹ˽Σ
Ա˻ЩǶԪͯǲģ
ҶлʤĻ˿ȻûеġȻҶĿǰΪֹҲδһܣҶȾȻԼȻʱӮĿǼġԪͯӿڣʹǿȻҲ˵Ӯɡ
ǿⲻһĿȻ𡭡
ǽ֮ϣҶϱ̨һ̣ʫ˫ֱ鲻Խؽ֪Ҷǿ϶ʲôƣҪ˵ܹսʤԪͯʹҲЩŵģҶԪ̫ͯǿˣ
ʱҶֱģΪ֪ԪͯпܶҶɱ֣Ϊʲôкܶ࣬һǳϣҶɱҶԪͯ˲ٴµĲΣ
ֻҶ䣬𣿴ǲܵġ
һߣٻĲʷʱĿ˵ЦݣҶսԪͯҶһʼֱĻǾ;ҲûκλῪˡҶĵ˽⣬ҶǾԲܿģҲ˵Ҷˣ
ҶûʲôԹޣҶʹǷĶӣ֮䡭
ǲҶԪܹ֧ͯżУҲ²ʮлܵģϾǻɱȻȾģ̨£۵
ʮУ̫ˣҶͻܣͻ⣿Ԫͯǰƨǣ
ҾҶȻҲμư񣬲ҸҶսԪͯӦûʲôƵģȻȥģ˵أ
Ҳֱأ

̨ϣԪָͯ󣬿Ҷʵû뵽ܹߵսһ֡ò˵ȾȻԼµıҷǳʧԭҵУվģӦһģ
ҶЦЦ뷨պ෴Ҿμưһ̣ҾѾ뵽ôһսʵ˵һֱҲʹսһڣҿԸԳˣ
ŶԪͯüëһԼ֪϶ʲôƣȻ㲻վֻ˵ϣĵʵҪ̫ϾưһԣҲϣ΢սʹ죡
ǿʼҶ
ԪҹɱɣԪͯͻȻʵ
ҶûҲûбҪµ˵ͷ
ˣԪͯȻʹûɱԪҹҲΪԪŲϣ𣡡
ҲأҶѵ÷ϻһΡ
ͶְɣȻܾܿûˣԪͯ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǰһһؽӿ
ԪͯЦһǽϮһؽؽ첻ʲôӰ죡
ʱҶٴγǰһһΣһر˽أȻԪͯɹЦ벻м
˵Ŀ֮УҶٴγǰ̤һ
죡
ҶŸµһ̣ҶŴ˲ѿһ֩ѷ죬֫Ѹ˿
ؽ⣡
һĻʹ㳡֮ϵ˴סˡǽ֮ϵЩһ̶סˣ
СɣҶǽСɣʲôЦʮĽСɡ
ҶĶ棬Ԫͯüͷ΢΢ȻҲû뵽ҶȻǽСɣΣԪͯкξ֮ԣüͷܿչ˿¶ŨȤΪսȤ࣡
ȻʱҶٴγǰ̤һ

ҶŸµһ̨̣ĵ⵽ػĲ˲˿ˣڳߵĽһͻȻһ֮ҿʼҲ·Ҫһ㣡
ؽ⣡
һĻߴľ˵ǰ𾪵Ļھ𺳣ޱˣؽ⣡ʲô꽣ʦҲ˰ɣ
ʹǽ֮ϣɫؽ⣬ѾԶԪͯв˰
ٻĲʷɫޱѿؽ⣡ʮؽ⣡ҶҳɳȥպٻضдٰΣҶԳ֣˿̣ʷѾ
ڵɫޱȿɬؽ⡭ʱеĻ·ͬˮӿ˳ʮؽˣεľĴ˰
ʫ΢΢һؽҶѾԪͯһսˣѾܹвԪͯˣһ̣ڿһϣ
ţų̋ϵҶ˵һ仰
̨ϣԪͯüͷһȻҶò˵ǶС㣬Ϊֻ⾳𣿡䣬ԪͯǰһȻһ˿ǽĿֲսͬϯ
䣡
⾳ײո޽ı̨һ˲ǳ׵̮ˣ⾳£Ѿ̮ı̨Ȼʼ˲ϱ顭
ս⣡
һĻ˵һԪͯսⰡˣһأ


259 
ΪпܳΪĴڣʮսأȭ⣬ԪͯĿǧ˰ų̋ϵԪͯ˳
Ļȭ⣬ҶΣˣԣͻȻ
˿һҶȻҶҲЩûԪͯΪһҫ۵ĴڰֻǿϧпܳΪԪͯģΪԪ֮ͯ

ɼǿġ⡱ڹ㳡֮Űţɡ⡱Ű£ǻʹ㳡ļӲʯذҲܲסʼĹѡԭڱ̨µЩߣʱѾ˵˶ʮɿȥˡ
ǳֻƾ⾳˿ֲƻˣ𺳲ѣʱ˿̣ǲףԭ⴫˵еġ⡱Ȼ˿ֲ
УԪͯҶһ˿ЦҶʲôƣʩչȻܾܿûˣ
ҶһȻǧ˰ҪƾؽѹƶԷȻǲеġΣҶһһ׽ϻС
ǰԪͯһ빥ûãԣҶһϳֱӱ¶Լδ¶ƣ
һϻڵʮʮ𣬿УҶĿ£ʮѸһȦԪͯϷʮٶǼģ˸彣ı壬ֻܿʮ׹ڿзţ
ʮԪͯ˫΢УٴһĨأʮɵĽ󲢲ô£µʮؽļӳְؽļӳ£⽣Եÿֲˣӣ
˫΢һ˫ɫȭ׳Ԫͯ˫֮ϣɫȭ׵ı沼һֳĺɫ̣£˸ɭ亮ǵĺâ
սȭףԪͯó˫ɫȭףǽ֮ϵɫһ䣬սȭɾŰپʮŸ޵Ĺͷƣ䲻ޱȣˣиǴһͷ޵Ĳȱǡ
ʫͻȻĻʵ
ҡҡͷȻףҲˡ˵⣬ͻȻЦһȻսȭԪͯ绢ȻϲҶǴʱ˿̣ϣҶʤΪʱҶϵڵ棡
ɫȭ״ϣԪͯԪͯ񣬻δͬ׵ܹó˫ȭ׵ģҶò˵ӦԺˡ
Ҷû˵һڿѾõĽͻȻ·ԪͯȻֱȥٶ֮죬զࡣͬʱҶ΢΢˶ȻԪͯȥ
ǰҶûһ˿
ǱֱĽԪͯһĨɫҽ͵һ̤屩΢ǰɫȭͷʱ·һ㣬һ̾Ȼʼ䶯

ԪͯһȣԪͯ˫ȭʮ͵ؾһ䣬ռʱһ󶯵һȭ𵴶ȭ֮ռ䷺ɢһ֮쳹
ȭ⣡
һĻǽ֮ϵʫʱɫ䣬ԪͯȻǴ˵е˫⣡
Ԫͯ츳ĳ˳ս⣬ȭ⣬ֲǻⶼأʱɳĻ統ʦһ㣬޵ְ
˵⣬ֿҶȻҡҡͷϧˣԭҶҫ۵ĴڣϧȴעҪΪԪͯģϧˡ
УȭҶĽ΢һӴǽʱȭɢ˳ȥȻʱеԪͯȴͻȻͫһǳڱܣԪֳͯ͵ؾһȭ
죡
һڳ쳹ȥ
һ㶡
͵ϮʧܣҶЩϧҡҡͷԪͯȻȻֻɫܹȵİ£ȻܹĴڣΣУ̫ǿ˰
һԪͯɫȴ˼֣ҶԪͯȻĽ֮°ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷϧƺûʲôã
ԪͯЦһҶĵƽ⽣͵ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǰ̤һ˫ֳһУȵ䣬ͻȻ˼һĻ
ֻ·ߵĽͻȻһ֮Ȼһ⳯Ҷλüȥһһ׽ҶһϢʱ䣬ǧҶϿգ漫Ϊ׳ۣ
ʹǽ֮ϣʫеڤҲ΢΢һͻȻʫ֣Ȼһ⳯Ҷķȥ
һĻ˶סˡ
ӴʱɫЩѿأΪǰ彣һʼҲ΢΢һѹ彣ҲҪҶٻ
˵ӵɫֻѿĻǰٻĲʷɫޱѿˣΪ֣ǰΪֹһֱ̫͹Ҷˡ
ù뾫֮ĳ̾Ǿףر˽ҶУԸǱӵܾ¡ֻ⽣ƺûĽҶҲ˵˰
Ƕ͹ԵİͻȻ˵һ䡣
΢΢˵ͷʾͬ
У֮ĽԪͯɫٴ˼֣ЩƷ׶ǺܸߣҶĽӳ£ǹ£ЩʱͱĿֲؽļӳ֣ʹҲòɵ
һԪͯǰ̤һ̤Ŵ˲ѣ˫΢΢̧ʱһɿƾն֣Ԫͯһӿ̺֮ĿֲʹǴĿռ俪ʼŤ·ʱҪһ㣡
ĳһ̣ҶһƯڿеʮʮɫڳгȻ˺˿ռһ㣬ʮλӣһһ㣬һĽɫ⣬Ԫͯȥ
ͬʱڿеǧҲǻ⣬·ԪͯȥƼΪˣ
Ԫͯٴγǰ̤һһ̣͵һȻǰ͵ؾһ
ƣ
Ԫͯһȣһ޴ӡԪͯǰ޴ӡżֲҶؽӡ˹ȥ
˵Ŀ֮У޴ӡҶЩؽҵײһ𣬳һ˳Ȼ󡰺䡱һڳ쳹һͬ˳һײϳɢһ֮ǼӲʯذʱһƬǽ壡
ڱ̨ΧЩߣʱǲϵسţΪЩ˲ûͣ£ǿٵϯȥ


260 ơ
Ҫʱٴγ˳Уǿֲͬ˳ˣһӣǲ˶ʱʧ˳СųеҶԪͯһۣһʧԭء
ʧ˻عȻæ˳еҶԪͯ
ʱҶԪͯеǱǹɿֲ֮£ѾãرԪͯʱԪͯϵ·ؽۣȻˣԪͯȴûܵʲôʵԵ˺
ҶҲûܵʲô˺ȻǿԵʡ
·齣ۣԪͯɫ̧ͷҶͷһܹͬŪǱò˵ɹŭҡΪˣ㽫ḶĴۣ
Ҷüëһԣ
ԣԪͯ˫΢УɱһȻǰ̤һ̤Ŵ˲ѿ˫̧ʱһɿƾն֣ͬʱͻȻͬһһ㣬ΧʼԴԴϵسӿ˹ȥ
䶯죬ԪͯҪʩչһĻȺ֮ʧ
ǽ֮ϣϵıչ˿ҲûǰɫЦܹԪͯƵʩչԪŵ׼ҶҲʵˣ
һ԰ٻĲʷЦ⣬ǿɲǵؽܱȵġһΣҶɣ
ڵʫüͷǲԼͬǵȻ֪ģȵؽ֪ǿ϶٣ҶҪεֵ
УԪͯԽԽŨȻʵʣԪͯһЦȻҶҶҲһУ
䣬Ԫͯٴγǰ̤һȻ̧𣬶Ҷһ㣺ָ
䣬ֻʹ㳡ϷİͻȻƮֻ֮ͻȻ˼磬ţһ޴ޱȵľָǰ֮лð˳ָֺڳ˶ʱ鲻Խظоһ
Ǹ޴ľָҶɫޱȣǾָ̺֮ĿֲܹоʹʱѾﵽһǳ˼زָУҲΪһ̯࣡
ָ֣ʹǽ֮ϵʫüٴָ΢΢һת
иоʫ춯һԵӳʫһۣȻҲתҶȻԪͯڽڵУսġ
ԣҶ˵Ϊã
𣿡ĳųеҶ
һĨԥջҡҡͷأ䲻ʮ꣬ȷʵԳƵϽţǣȴΪƹ򡣻Ǿ仰ܹưһҴص۹;ȶˣ
΢΢ҡҡͷܹģҲֻǵûʩչȻûУ
û˵ˡ
УǸ޴ޱȵľָſֲѹ·ҶֱȥǾָ̺֮ʵֲ̫ʹþָ滹ʮʱҶվλõΧĵ澹Ȼʼ̮
ΪָĿҶڴ˿̾Ȼ˫ۻ
һĻһ㶣ҶҪͶ𣿶ͶҲӦˣǸú䰡ѵҶҪɱ
ɻ벻Ŀ֮УָҶͷһɵľ룬ʱҶ˫۶Ȼ˿ƽâһͬʱҶνǾֱֱָһ̣һɫ
ƣ
ҶһȣǵɫʱǾָ봦Ȼ˾㵵ĿУǾָ΢΢һţ䡱һ˿
˴ľ
ˣǿװȻҶһ֮£ʧˣ˿̣˴ԳһƬհס
ʹǽ֮ϣЩдʱҲüͷȻǴʱҲҶǵһƵģ
ĳ˴ʱҲüͷ壬һƵ̫ˡ
Ҷģʱ롣
УԪͯʱҲüͷ壬ɻ󲻽⣬ȻģҲŸӵɻ벻⡣Ϊǰ߾۷ǿҲпܱɱġȻܹɱ߾۷ǿߵȴǱҶһˡ
һԪͯһȻҶ͵һ𣺡ƣ
䣬һ޴ӡż죬Ҷȥ
ǵؽƣҶޱ飬Ǿ޴ӡֻһɾʱҶȻνһնƣ
һĻٴγ֣˾벻Ŀ֮УǾ޴󡢿ֲӡͻȻ䡱һը죬Ȼ˿ɢڿС
ô£ҶǲˣΪʲô򵥵һƵؽˣп϶è尡
԰Ҷֻص𣿻᲻޳ˣ
϶ǣȻҶôţƣһƵؽΪǽʰ
У˿ʼ۷׷ס
ڳǽ֮ϵЩüͷĸеɻҲǸŨˣΪʵ̫һ㡣ֱǣҶֻ޲ûгֻ֣޳֣ǵʵ϶ܹģ
ҲΪˣǲŸɻ벻ˡ
ĳ˫Ҷ·ҪҶһ㣬ǰһֱڻǰҶӽǼĻҪпҶǷûнȻʵҶûнκ
ҲΪˣʱҲԴɻ벻⣬һƵؽҶǾģ
ڲ²⣬˶ڲ£Щ˲ܣȴû뵽ͨϡΪʷ֮УͨһֶֻĹЩ޲ǽʣһĳǿߣҶôЩȣ
ԣûκ˻뵽Ҷǽͨˣ
УԪͯʱɫЩѿҶƵʩչؽڴԪͯȻʱҲɻҶôģʱǷŭ
Ԫͯٴγǰ̤һʣӿҶЩҶҾͲô죬ڽҼУǿ㻹ܲһƵ䣬Ԫͯҽһ̤ʱԾ
УԪͯ˫ƿٻһֲҶǵص˹ȥ
ȭ
ƣ
ؽţ
ƣ
ӡ
ƣ

УԪͯÿʩչһҶһ֮¾ȡһĻʯԭأ˫֮Уɻ
ǽ֮ϵüͷͻȻ뵽ʲô˫Բ˫͵սǾ֮ɫЩġͨ
˿̣뵽ˣˣдص۹뵽ˡ


261 ⲫս
뵽Ҷǽͨһ̣Ĵص۹˱ʱԪŵٻĲʷɫΪѿ·ǵһ㣡ͨû뵽ҶȻǽͨԪŵٻĲʷһʱǽܲˣ
ڵɫЩŹˣӿʼ𾪣˷ܣ̶Ŀɬûڡ˵Ҷֻ˽⣬ǽڷȻЩϧҲûڶڵĵزǽͨͲһˣ˵ڣʹԪ£¶ڲѣ
νͨлߣһ򷨣Ҷʱ䣬δ򣬱ؽһλǿߡڵʱҲˮǴߣָȫʢʱڣҲǲǲܣʱȴ˵ʲôˣΪҶʱѾǽڵĵӣպҶڻԻͣ뽣Ҳû˰ϵ
뵽⣬ϵĿɬŨˣ֮󣬽ڵĸ߲㽫ᱻǿΪЦһʮؽ⣬ҽͨڣ⽣ڵĸ߲ĵжԲвŻôԲеľ
ʱʫ΢΢һͨҶʱ˿ڿԪͯƽƽˡʹǲԪͯҪȫˣѾûˡΪʱκҶǰѾͬ衣
Ⱥ֮УųеҶµ̵֪ͨӦûܸˡ
ĳ˿ų̋ϵҶԭֻǽţһǵ͹ǽţǽšʮѾأҽͨ츳֮ǰĽʦҲǲ˰
ʸôΪһЩ˰ɣʱͻȻ
УֻǰⳡԵԽԽȤأ׼׼Ȼǰ֮սԽԽڴ˵ıԽأ
ϣڵ֪Ҷͨ󣬳͹ʱ
ѹȾȻĿֲȥԭҶǽͨͨһ򷨣û뵽ҶȻ׼ʣѹһֱôôţԭǽͨ
ͨԪͯΣ˰һǾԪͯʤͨΣԪͯ˵ǿ֮ĵģνǿ֮ģǿǿĴڰߣԪͯԪô೬ǿ̵߽ս飬ʲô϶Ҷܱȵġ
ҲˣҶؽģҽͨһ򷨣ǰҲˣɲǴġߣҶǿ޵ģûǿҪƿҿһսʤе
ҶĻҲǹİȻص˾òŽƱ¶ҿǶսԪͯ»ȥĻ̫ˣұ
ӣɵƣ˼бʵ
˵ˣ֮һս϶죬ư񿪴ʵһս׼ʶս׼붼˼ĿԴԪͯҶɾ֮ҶԪͯǰ֤أ

Ҷ¶ͨһ̣Ŵʱڻʹ㳡֮ϱ˿
ʦܲķʦ᳤ɽͻȻյһŴ괫ڵݺ󣬰ɽֻƱͻȻǲһѳء
ʮĽأʮĽ֮ͨУƮŰɽŵ䱾Ѿʧ˴֮УŴػʹӶȥ
۶Ĵңҵļһ߾ǿߣܣ괫ڵݺͷ׷ƵͻȻЦ
ʮؽ⣬ʮĽͨ׼ʡ첻Ұ

ʱ˿̣۶ϵ̨ļ֪ҶǽͨϢ׼׼ưһʱ˿̣ûʲôϢ˷뼤ˡԣһ̣۶ͬһ㣬ŵ۶ʹ㳡˹
УԪͯʱһҶˡ˵ֻܶһ鷳Ļ⽣ͨҶܹвˡһ򷨣մﵽȻҶǰͬ裡
Ҫؽգʹ츳Ҳǰ첻ģ˵Щ߾߾ǿ߿ҲûмܹȻҲ˵ҪҶֻһ·Ǿⲫ
ԪͯⲫǷǳǿģԱˣⲫһ޴ƣȻ޵Ҷƾûʣˡ֮ʱ˿̵ҶѾòʼˡ
ΪָоӣԪ֮ͯ¾Ҫˣ
û뵽㽣ͨⰡҶԪͯԭΪ֮˵׾٣ΪһûܹԴġû뵽ȴ㣬Ҳգ㣬ҵ֮ӵļ̣ɽλҲûκνڡɣǿ׼ǿ׼ǿ
ҶһԭɢΧ֮еڤʱɵУڤ飬ҶбָԪͯҶνʲô֮ûʲôȤҲνˣҵĿưһҲ˵֮ҪֳһʤȻˣǾսʹɣ
Ҳд⣡䣬Ԫͯҽ͵̤أͬһöڵһҶ
ԪͯҶҲһԪͯӶȥ
䣡
У΢ӴһըȻڳ˱ǸԳˣȻһ̣˱ٴγű˴˱ȥ
һ̣ҶʩչѾܾûʩչĻˡԱ˻ûʲôЧⲫȴںòˡ
˽ļӳԻգڵĻҶеʱ߲֪˶ٱÿһʹԪͯòɵӲӡ˿𾪲ѣΪǴδȻ
ȻԪͯսʶҲҶɵѣΪÿÿһǱԪͯ׵ı˿߸סҸסԪͯĹҲǹرսȭļӳ£ֻҪ΢ע⣬ͻᱻԪͯͬ籩㹥Ҷıĸоһ˿һĴ⡣
ʱԪͯҶҲǼɵޱȣ˿Ĵ⣡ΪҶĴʵ̫Ҷ˷ȫҶܹ޼ɵΪҶޣϼȭҶ˵޹ҪҶǾġ
ԣʱԪͯҲڵ
ԪͯҶսǾĶǣΪҶԪͯ˵սʶֲ̫ˡִڳսĸ쾳߾߾ĳǿߡ


262 ߾飿
ҶԪͯսѾﵽ˰Ȼ齣Ҷڴʱ˿̣ڵĻõǳ뻯˿Ѿǻƽ׵ĻѾǵؽ׵ĽˡˣҲڴ˿̱Ҷӵ˼£
ǵģûսԪͯͬʱڤһԻһⲻϵعԪͯ˵ʱԪͯսĲҶһˣˣΪڤҶ£Ѿһ쾳ǿˣ
ȻҶЩðǴʱǶòҶĽ֮ر֮ǵУǽǻġ
ҶʱȻռϷ磬ɫȴԽԽأΪ֣ʹϣԪͯȻܹ࣬սʶʹҲò
ʱԪͯɫҲǼΪأȻƾųսʶҶһһε֪ڼȥضҪԴΪҶʱѾ˵ڲ֮أ
ˣԪͯ˫΢͵Ҷ齣֮ϣȻɣս
Ԫ֣ͯҶҲͣΪҲԪֵͯ⣬ǾҪԪͯƾⲫǲеģԪͯսʶֲ̫ˡ
ҶԪͯһȻû뵽ܹұƵֵزҶԺˡڿʼûлˣ䣬һɿֲͻȻԪͯͬϯ˿
߾һĻǽ֮ϵʫһ䣬ʧ
ԵҲһǺܿҡҡͷ߾ǰ벽ߡû뵽ԪͯȻѾڵĲԪﵽ˰벽߾ʮİ벽ߣ츳Ѿÿֲ˰
ưֻ߾µǿ߲룬Ѿ벽ߣǷΥ棿ʫ
ҡҡͷΥ棬߾£벽߾Ҳ߾°
ԣʫɫ߾ǿ쾳ǿȻرݣ߾ǿ߱쾳ǿӹɵġ߾쾳֮ڴﵽ߾߾ڵǻῪʼʣΪԪԪȻҪ쾳Ҫǿģ
һ߾ǿߣҶȻǲҪ̫ɵηģԪͯһ߾ǿȻֻǰ벽ߣֻһԪǣǳԽս˵Ǽҳ㷹ڣھռһƣпܱԽս
ǻܵģʱʫõģɫ
һߵڼԪͯ벽߾ʱҲ΢΢һ㶣ȻҲ֪ԪͯѾǰ벽ߡܿ죬ԭܲϿʼ¶Цݣûа벽߾ʱԪͯҶ˵ǲ£Ԫͯǰ벽߾Ҳ˵Ԫͯ˽ϴˣ
һ۰ĳ˿̨ͷŰ벽߾ƵԪͯû뵽ԪͯȻľ磬ʮİ벽ߣѾûֹˣ
Ԫʦ֮󣬾ҲûֹˣʱһԵİͻȻ˵һ䡣
ҡҡͷȻԶҶ֪Ƿʲô˵ĵأûУʤɾѾ˰
ʱ˶Ҷ뿴ҶǲǻʲôƣΪưڣҶƺܹǾϲ
Ҷе⣬ͨѾޱı¶˳е𣿴ǵȻУһֱҶһǶơ
ʱԪͯͻȻˣԪͯһ̣ҶȴͫһȻҲľǰνһն
죡
֪ʱԪͯسҶǰȻһȭ˺ƿҶԴ˹ȥҶӦ죬һ˹ȥһȻҶɫһ䣬ǸܵһɾϮȻ˳ź󷽵˳ȥ
һȭҶóΪ֮һǰ벽߾ʵ
УҶ˫΢΢һɵʱͣڵ֮ҶԪͯ˫΢УһĨءǰһ߾ǿûڣԪֻͯǰ벽߾ȴܹһȭɣǰȷЩĸ˰
߾ǿ߾ȴǺ֮䣬Ҫֿģ
ҶԪͯҶ߱ߵܹƵҽеƱ¶ò˵ĿԺˡȻҲԺģΪԪͯǵһ̤׼ʵʬ֤֮ġڣҸһᣬʩչǿĹɣȻûлˡ
ҶһȻһУԭͷ֮ϵڤʱɵУе齣ڤҶһȻؽӿסڽ£ʱҵز
һĻǽ֮ϵʫ̲סΪҶҪڤ֮г˯Ľ顣ǰʫ϶ҶҪ裬ڣӵؽ⣬ҽͨҶҪĵȫпܵİ
УԪͯŲͣҶһĨɻȻ֪ҶʲôֱΣգֹҶһ뵽ǰԼ˵ĻǴ˶ֵͷڴ֮ͥ˵ȥĻûƤջĳ̶ȣ
ҶϹ뽣⣬齣ڤͻȻһϹ⣬Ľֱ֮Ԫţ˾㵵Ŀ֮УѽգȻ󲻶Ͻ
һᣬͻȻһ۵ĽâͻȻѽ֮͵ر˳ţһЩ͸СŮ˿С
СŮԼ߰꣬˫΢գ۵ͷǱ裬һϮ黨СȹŽ˫ţ·һС㣬ɰޱȡȻĿĻСŮüĴüĴһϸСĽƣǽƷ·͸Ľ⣬˲ֱӡ
֮ϳֵǸСŮҶ΢΢һǰʩչڤʫٻʱһָоǾڿԻѽ֮г˯ĽˡȻڤ齣Ľ鱻ˣ
ʹǽ֮ϣ͸СŮʱʫе˷ܸΣڵŶ꣬Ҫˣ
֮õСŮĳ˳û´ӦþǵаŵʮལĽɡŵལĽ鱻شȻ˯ҲɴһΪӴʧ䣬û뵽ȴǱҶˡལҶʹҶֻܷӳʮ֮һҲԪֿͯܵİ
ԪͯҶ⽣鳹׻𣿡һԵİͻȻ˵һ䡣
˿ԪͯһۣȻ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ȻҶ׼ལĽʱǳеԪͯͻȻװŪ˷ʱ䣬ҿûʱģ䣬Ԫͯҽ͵̤أҶȥ


263 ޷߶
ԪͯҶһһԭɢܵʱȻһ⳯Ԫͯȥ
Щ⼤ԪͯҶǵ֮黽ѣǶ˵һѡҲҶǵҶģΪʵֲ̫ˣǽ
ԣʹʳԣҲҶ֮飡
ֻЩϧ赲£޷Ҷ׼ٴʩչʱƯ֮ϵСŮͻȻ˫ۡ
СŮ˫һ̣˶ʱĿˢˢĿԵ쳣ɰСŮ
СŮգգۣĿɨȺһۣҶϣҶΣСŮͻȻһҶǰȻ㻽ң
ǰĽ飬Ҷһ飬Ҳ̫Ի˰ɣȻǰֻһСŮҶɲӣæ˵ͷ
ҶͷСŮ˵СԴȻأͨһңʸʹࡣ
ལһ壿Ҷ㵵
СŮҶһۣⱿ֪ལĽ飬ǵȻһģ
˵ҿʹ࡭Ҳ˵ҿʹ㣿ҶɫЩŹֵ
ʲô𣿡СŮ۾Ҷʵ
ԣҶЦЦҪôʹ㣿˵ţҶָָվԶΧԪͯǿûǵҺѻ
СŮһ۳еԪͯһۣԪͯʱСŮüͷͻȻȻֿҶ׼׼ʣ
Ҷʼ磬ҲЩֻ֪Ҫưһ͵ûܰң
кô𣿡СŮգգ۵
Ҷһ飬⽣ֻǽ飬һ𣿾ȻҪôԼѵľǸʲôﰡ
ȽȻ𣿡ҶָָԶԪͯЩε
СŮһԶԪͯȻҶ˵СԴǽıȽ϶࣬ϣ㲻ҪǰЩһôݰˣڵʵ磬¸Ӷұһء˵̯̯꣬С֣С¶һεı顣
ôֲһӶˣҶЩɵ
ҶĻɣСŮȻЩãҶһۣȻһһҶǰ
ԭڤҪ֣ڽĽ棬һɫһɫ棬ĺۼԽĻ˸ǵаĵʮལΪʵЩڣ
ǰལҶһȻ͵ס˽ʱͻȻһҶĿȥֻԭµЩʱѾɲ֫ϺԪͯǻ
ҶеལԪͯ۽һ֮ȻıҶˣһԸҶգЩԽܡΪÿһ鶼ĸ֮ҪǣǾֻӵǿʵҶ쾳
ʱҶ˫ལ̧ȻָԪͯҶתһ̣Ҷɫ˲ˣţΪ֣ŸתڵǱལ˲ˡ
һڽལʱȴһ㣬ལûһ˿ʱ˿̣ҶСŮĻ˼Ҫ߶ʱ˿̵
һĻԪͯһ㶣ȻǷĴЦЦƬ̣ҶϷ֮ɫҶ֪ô״߶𣿱˵쾳ﵽ߾ûķҲܴ߶
ǽ֮ϣԭɫѿٻĲʷҲЦѾǧ໽֮飬Ȼͷȴ޷ʹô̰
һԵʫɫǳ޷߶ҶʲôȥԿѾǰ벽߾Ԫͯ
ʱȥҶˣֻ֪ܣΪҶġ
ϧˣĳҡҡͷľ̫ˣҲͬԪͯһǰ벽߾ڵһЩԪǻܹ߶ལǿϧľʵ̫ˡ
ȷʵϧˣһԵİͬ˵һ䡭
飬ȴ޷߶Ƿ̰Ҷڿ±Ҫ˰ɣҲǣңҿ϶Ҳ
û˵Ҷθ˰ɣֻЩϧˣδĽʾʧˡʰǧ궼ûֹأû뵽ճһпܳΪʵģȴ׼񣬲ò˵ҶҲǹġ

ڼҶ޷߶ལһ̣ȺٴοʼֻҶԪ֮ͯıԣЩưߵȻǸԪͯˡȻҶǵԼԼ
УԪͯҶгϷ볰Ҷû뵽ɣ㻽飬ȴ޷߶ʱкܱưɣ˵⣬ԪͯͻȻ̾һȻϧˣԭһ뿴ģֻǿϧˣڲԸԳˣ
𣿡ҶЦһǰҳֵѵԪͯδ㣿
ҶԪͯһݳѿ֮ҶܹԪͯƵزҲԺˣ
ҶҡҡͷȻȻ뿴Ҿɣ
䣬Ҷ˫΢ڣȻҲ֪㾿ʲôڣҲ֪㾿ʲôĿġֻ˵Ѿĵز㲻õĻǽͽҶļˡ
Ҷĵʲôǽ⣬ҲǽͨصССҶܹڶʱڷ췭ظı仯ΪСеԵʡмͷҲСͻȻʹתΣΪ
˵СеĿģ֪һ㣬ǾǴʱСһ壬˵һپ٣һ
Ȼ˵ûСУһԪͯϣʹԪͯǰ벽߾ǶԷҪɱЩܵģ˼սȥпܵľսܾˡܾȻҶҪģҶ˵ưһҪˣȻˣǾֱӶǿĵưɣ
ŰΣСһ㶯ҲûҶҪʱСڵǸĽɫͻȻţͬƺӾ̰㣬ĽɫС͵ӿ˳Ȼ˳ҶڵľҶеལ֮У
СԴԴϵĽɫ룬ལһĻ˶ʱסˡ


264 ܣԸԪţ
Ƿɫâལʹǽ֮ϵʧ૵ôܣôܴ߶
ţЩȫţĿֲģҲΪǲŸӵţΪǾһ쾳ߵܹ߶ģʹһ߾ֳţҲ޿ܴ߶˵ģ
ȻʱǰҶȴǴ߶ˣ
صĽɫԴԴϵӿ룬ལʼҵزҽ֮𽥳˵ĽâལԽԽҶò˫סལȻʹ˫֣ལȻҶԿƣ
ôܡལҶʱԪͯʧ㣬ţ૵ôܴ߶˵ʹҲ޷߶˵İǰҶȴܹ߶ǴҶ
뵽⣬ԪͯɫЩ񣬿Ҷ˫۳죬ҲţҲԪͯҪ䣬ԪͯһҶȥ
ԪͯҶһĨɫ˫ལ͵϶¾һʱһɣʮɵľ޴ɫལ⼤
ɫ뿪һ̣ҶֻоһոдڵСľԵʡͬʱһѣθ˲ԴֱӻԹȥãǿ־ԼţԼȥ
ǵ޴Ľɫڳʱɫ֮ռһ鱻ûµĲһ㣬ʱҵһ·ϾҪһ㡣ˣǽɫĵطǵֱ¶һ׵ľ޴֣
ɫʱԪͯͫ˲СΪеĿֲõһȻʱˣΪǵɫٶʵ̫ˣ
ûκԥԪͯ˲佫ӿ⣬γһ֣ͬʱԪͯǰƽȻȵأ
䣬һɫܶʱǰϵӿǰɫԽʵˣȻʵ
˾Ŀ֮УǵɫԪͯİɫһܵĽӴ΢ţȻ󡰺䡱һڳ쳹ֻǰɫ˲ɢޣǵɫٶȲĻԪ֮ͯϣ
䣡
һڳ쳹˾Ŀ֮УԪͯγɵ˲飬Ȼǵɫĵɶɳʮɵľص˵֮ϣ֪
һĻŵĴ󣬴ľ
ųǧˣųпܳΪˣų߾µһˣһĽڵˣ
û뵽ĻԪͯĳ˿̨һԪ֮ͯдŨŨţʮ꣬˽⣬˵أˣһͨ쾳ľ߶һΣˣʦᣬҶ˰
ʱ䣬ضΪʦڶʱͻȻ˵һ䡣
Ҷ뽣ʦȣɣ൱ĸߡҪ֪Ľʦƾһѽ޵ֵģһҲѹƵġԽʦʧ֮ɾҲûгֹѹȺ۵ĳǿ˰
񣬰ȴǽҶ뽣ʦᲢۣԼҶǶôĿأ
ڰĻûзԣ෴ģͬص˵ͷ
ʱеҶͻȻԪͯķȥֻҶߵĺҽŲңķ·һ΢ܽһ㡣
߶ҶڵСĸɸɾ·һ㣬᲻һ˵ڵһͨ߶ܹ׵Ļɱ
ȻúϢһ£ҶûԪͯȻǵˣһһΪĵˣûȥĺáҶɲպԪͯڳǰQʲô鷳
ҶǵԪͯ˵һҶȻҪɱԪͯȻɱԪͯҪ֪ԪͯԪŵŵӰԪʲôǿһŰҶȻҲⳬӣ
ʱ˿̣˱ҶľٶסˡɱԪͯò˵Ҷ⵨Ǻܷʡ
ҶԪֻͯɵľ֮ʱͻȻԪͯǰֻһӣ顱һ죬죬ȴõҶɫ䡣
ҶɵӣȻ֪ԪŲɱԪͯǰþԼһ߶ϣԪͯһȻվûɹˣû뵽ӾȻư֮϶֣ʱܶٶȵ
ʱͻȻҶǰֻǰһ̽ȻһգǿǱСһӣҶǰһк˿ӣȻӣưĹء
ƻưأҴص۹Ҵߣ˻δ˵꣬һԵİǴ˵ĻȻǰ̤һһǱ׹Ǵ󵶳УŰ׹Ǵ󵶱Ƕ͵ظһ
ʱһҶǰǽɫĵͻȻӣ
Ϯɫ΢䣬Ȼǲηģֻû뵽ص۹ĵһɱȻκεأֱ֣ص۹ԪѾǺܲ˰뵽⣬ҲǱضԪŲԪֺγǣ
һӴԪͯһ֣سұʮɵĿ⣬ǵâͬʱֻƣŰ͵һ
ƣ
һϿյľ޴ӡȻ˳Уſֲǰ
޴ӡҶͫһ߾ǿߣʩչԪ֪ͯǿ˶ٰ
Ȼæˣ±ˡһԵİٻ뽣ڵǳĬûһ˳ȰܡȻǿɲ׵ԣǿͺá
ǵ޴ӡ˫΢Ужʱ״һԵɫ΢䣬Ϊÿ˫۱ɫ֮ɫǾʹҪˣǺǷǳֲġҪ֪ɱ֮ɲǰ׽еģ
һӣһɫ˲˰񣬵Ӵɫʱ˫۶ʱ峺ʱǺȻߣǾ޴ӡ͵һӣʱһɫ˲Ǿ޴ӡ֮ϣ
䣡
Ǿ޴ӡʱɢڿС
һĻɫ΢䣬ʱȴͻȻǰ˿Ŀ֮Ǳ֮⡣ɫκһˣ壬ˣɾΣˣ
ʱһɫ۵ͻȻسӵԣ֮ʱɫ䣬һȻ΢΢Ƽƽ̣
ƵĻһǰ˾ȻԪŵƽԪ죿
Ԫ쿴һۣȻֱĿҶϣأͨϹ쾳ߣܲԸԪţ


265 ͷۣ
ԪĻٻĲʷڵʫ⣬Ǵص۹ɫʱͱˡ˶û뵽Ԫ쾹Ȼ£ҶҪ֪һԪŵӿҪҶصİ
Ҳû뵽ԪȻҪ£ҶɫЩѿԪ˾٣е㲻Ȼﲻˬûɵ¶
ҶҲһҲû뵽ͬһεǿ߾ȻԸԸԪţƬ̣Ҷ̧ͷԪ죬ҼԪţԪſɷȳĸףֻҪܹĸף˵ԪţǼڣҶҲа飡
Ԫüͷ΢壬ʱһЦͻȻ˳У˹سԪĶ棬һ·ҶȻԪ죬Ԫ죬Ҷǽڵӣ˵˵ڽڵĵӣδҲ̫ʧԪƽ̵˰ɣ
Ϸ֪ҶѾ㽣˰ɣʱʦİɽͻȻϿգɽ·Ҷ΢΢˵ͷȻͷǿ˼ҶǱˣôҶȥ
ʱһٻȹͻȻϿգϿ֮ʱڵˣԪŵԪ˵ĿʱϣλǿͬʱһĨ֮⡣
ûйԪˣĿҶϣҶһĨӣȻܲһöӣ
ԣҶ֪ǰпܾǰٻĹæǰưĹأưһߣɻص۹һҪǲǣ
Ұٻĸף
Ҷæ˵ͷ
У֮͸һɲɵļᶨ
ԣҶɫʵҲɣ
治ݴĸΥ棬ѳٻ˵ȴˡպҰٻӶн˶ѧĸǰ㣬Ұٻպ㣿
ҶĬΣȻҪٻĸ׵̷˿԰ɣȻԤϰٻܾܾһ̣һɱѸٵҶĵףѹסˣʱ˿̣ǲٻģ
ֱҶ֪ĿģҪ㣬ҪҰٻǳ˵ΣȻ츳ΪҰٻĵ̲ġȻպɳҰٻȻвģΪ˱δٻһ鷳Ҿھͳ㣡
˵꣬һԵԪ죬Ӧ֪ҰٻĹ棬ʦƶأҰٻκˣҶܴ⹬Ұٻ֮ԣ˭ҰٻǵŵУһԳɱӡ
Ҷ츳ҲòɵҶɳպٻؽд鷳ԣԪʱ̬Ե쳣ļΪҶδɳ֮ǰͳҶ
ĻԪ˶ĬˡҶ츳ĺֲܿҶʱɳδһǿߡֻδڣҶǾʹҪٻΪУΪһδĳǿ߶һжԡ
Ԫ쿴·ҶһۣһĨϧȻһӣԼԪͯʧԭأͬʱһҽͻȻڳ˾㵣ȥֻԪԭվλô֪ʱǶһֻѪֱܵۡ
ưزƻԪƻأҶһۣʮڣڳ򣡡
˲ʱԪͻȻڳ˶ʱ׹ưصϸֲԪŵһ߾ϴ˶ҪܵĴԺų̂ˣǾҴưˣ
ԪѾҶֻʣ˽ʦİɽˣӦ֪㽣ĴҰٻ㽣ڳΪУ룬ʹڣҲ֮ңû´ƺӦҲҪȥ·˰ɣ
ԣɫ΢䣬ĬΣ̾һҶ츳ѾݣҶڣδڱضֵĻԻֻͣҶһȥ·ǽڱ˵ֵԻܴͣܲһⰡ
ЩϧĿҶһۣһʧԭءһߣоֻʣ·ʦİɽĿ˰ɽϣ׻᳤ҰٻδйʦΪе˼ҶǷʦĵӣҸ׻᳤һӣһ·ҲǲɣֻûǴĻҶʱѾǷʦ˰ɣ
ɽû뵽ǰλȻϢ֪ˡͬʱҲЩڣڵҶǰλҵ˽ڡʦǲٻʱҪӲҶĻڴٻʣǰٻ񱨸ģ
ΪҶٻȻģݣǰѾܹеˡ
΢΢һ̾ɽһʧԭء
ļֵԺ󣬶˵Ҷֻһ쾳ߣʹǳδҲǳ޵ĿܣҶпܳΪͬʦǰ㾪޲žҲпزۡ
֮һ仰ͶҶֻδܵõرûаٻĴڣԪ뽣ڣзʦԸͶʣаٻĴڣͶʵıǮʵ̫ˣǸеҲе
УҶĿһУû˵ʲôΪЩǿǰ˵ʲôû壡
ǰΪֻҪչֳǱ֮󣬾ͻ˲ϧٻͶʱ˿̣֪뷨ǴġڲףǱЩǿ˵ĲôҪΪµǣ֤̫̫ྪ޲žĳɳزۡ
ҶǱһǱǳ󣬵ֻԺ󡭡ڰٻ׷ɱ£ʹԪ죬Ҳұ֤Ҷܹʲôʱ򡭡
ڰɽȥ֮ĿҶϣԾҳ֣
ΣΣǴʱҶĸоǰ֪ûаᣬӵĻᶼû֮Ĳ̫̫࣬ˣ
һҶֱ֪ûʲôһ˵һ䣬ҶҪ߸ٻٻеĸɸɾϣްٻڣ
Цһûлˣ䣬һӣһöϸСҶܶٶȼҶ
С̺ȴǼΪֲ֮ռʱһϸϸѷ졭


266 ս
Ҷ뷴ǻٶܹģڵöССĻǰģֻеȻ޷ŭ޲ʣȴûκΰ취ǿΪǿߺܶʱǿԲعġ˿̵ٻưϵĹưδ׽֮ʱ֡
ǿǿԵģߣֻۣ

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ʫ֣䵭
ʫĽôһӴǱɢöԸٶҶ
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ôҶüĴֻһֵľʱǻͻȻͣһĻɫ΢䡣
ʱһ̾۵ͻȻҶԣһֵĻϦ¡
˿һɫδ䣬ûаηҶ΢΢ͷһĨͣҪһ˵Ľ츳Ī֮һ˲ļʱӦԱԼǿǿǰܹΣ䣬ǽͨߣ
ҶȻ֪ǰ˭ǶԷо֮㣬Ҳܵ¶΢΢ȻҲηģΪҪֻηΣη壬Ц𣬻̹ȻԡҲҪй㣡
΢΢һЦԲ츳Ϊ壬Ϧ¿ϵˣҲϧ㣡
ԣҶһȻϦ£һůû뵽ǰλǿ߾ȻϦȥġ뵽ԼԭȻɹϦ£ҶжʱһɲС
ϦߵҶԣȻһүү
ԣҶһǰλ˾ȻʼʣʼʲڱΪλ뵽ǰʼ˵Ϧ²ϧȥԼҶжʱһϦȻǹҪλʼʣҲǷǳѶȵģҲ֪Ϧ¸ʲôۣȻλصĳǿ˳
ʼʣʲô˼Ҷ˼ʱһԵȴǺ
ʲô˼ʼЦһ磬Ҵص۹ƶưأȻҴص۹۶ڳɱˡҵʣʲô˼
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ʼЦЦȻָָϦҶҶŮķҲ˵Ҵص۹ˡ磬۶ڳɱ𣿡
ʼʣҪҰٻΪУ
ҪôΪҲ޲ɣʼʵ
ԣɫص۹ж֮⣬ֻǿϧһֱûʲôڣٻȶԴص۹֣һڸص۹ʱص۹ܹ˳Ķ԰ٻ֣
ص۹ʵжǿ֪ǿ϶ҪȰٻǿ࣬ΪһҶôȻģֵðңҪɱҶպеǻᣬαؼһʱ
뵽⣬ĿҶһۣȻʼʣϣܹһֱ
Ҵص۹ǰսʱʼͻȻ˵
ɫ΢䣬Ŀһʼʡ
һʽףΣʼͻȻ
ʲôףüͷ΢塣
ʼָָҶȻҲؼˣĸҴػҲ׼ңȻ֪㹬ŵĹ棬ҲҪĸףֻҪĸܹڻꡣҰٻɳϵǿԸҶΪˣҴػҽһݵԱԴٻ㿴Σ
ƤһһݵԱԴʼðĬΣɽĸ׻ڻ꣬ϣʼʱһһ쾳һݵԱԴֲɵȻܾ
Ȼᣡʼ΢΢һЦ
粻ͣһŰٻʧ˹㳡֮ϡ
ȥʼתˣưԽˣ
˶ʼ΢΢һȻˣ˴ưʤߣص۹Ҷ
£ûûлеֻǳĬΪ˴δҶܹưһȻʵ˵һһǲһԪͯõĵһ
ڴص۹Ĳ£Ҷ֮ͬһ㣬ѸӵͬʱҶһţ׼ʣ
Ϊֻ˵׼ʣΪҶδȥϣõعʵĳϣ
ưһ׼ʡЩҶģеֻãȻ԰ٻȻеãȻˡҪƾʵԿٻһҲĸֻʱ䰡
ξȣ
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ԣҶһ̧ͷʼʣ֮дżȣǰͽ̣
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ԣҶɬһЦҲˣֻǰܹٻ𣿡ܹٻͽٻһٴˣϧܣ
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ǰ㡭
ʼҡҡͷ㲻𣬵Ҵȴʵ
ҪʲôۣҶɵǰʼʾԲֻǵĿϦµķϲų־ģھΪʲôҲ
ǰսʼɫ΢΢ء
սҶ⣬Ϊδط
Ҵص۹ò룬ȴһֱల£֪ΪΣʼͻȻ
Ϊ޵۹Ҷʵ
ֿ֪޵۹Ȼ໥ӣȴҲһֱల£ʼʵ
Ҷҡҡͷ
Ϊ޶һǿĵˣʼ˫Ŀ˱޵۹ļ֮һɽΪɽɽߴ֮ɣʮɡɽһߣסһޱǿȺ޶ûеƣǲһͱ޵ҪǿǾħ壡
ħ壿Ҷ⡣
ʼ΢΢ͷĳÿһħ꣬ÿȥͱһҪǿˣǻܹĸţǰ֮ܳΪţԪͯǽŵħһ֮ȥҲֻѣ
ʼһ䣬ҶˡԪͯȻܸԪͯʵǼǿģ˵飬ҶСУԪ֮ͯ䣬˭ʤ˭»һδ֪һţȻħ֮Ҳֻѡ


267 ưĽ
ҶǰħȻǿΪδ֮Ҳδˣ
ȻҴͬģʼʵħ޵۹һ޴вɽΪϣˣͲޣħˣ
ȻɽǹսǺ⣿Ҷʵ
ÿһ꣬ħͽԽɽ磬ЩħڷԽɽʱ򣬵ֻҪԽɽģʵ츳;ǿֲˡ򵥵˵ԪͯȥԽɽǶ˵ʵҪԽɽļʣʮ֮Ҳɣʼʵ
ҶһǰλʼʵʵȻ˵ɣǿ¾ֻɼʣԪֻͯɵļʣЩħȴܹԽһֹһ츳ʵ
һѹסе𾪣Ҷʵʲô
ʼʳħһǿߵ壬ԽɽһڹսһɱҲһһУĿȻԼԽԽǿȻǿͬʱߣҲħĿģ
ħ֣Ҷٴһ𣬵˵ħģû뵽ǿµһǿ߾Ȼߣʲôħģ
֪ΪҪٰư񣿡ʼʵ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ΪҪѡʵǰսЩɢޣǸһĵӣ޵۹ľӢǰսǵֻһǾǾɱħЩʼʳ
ҶĬΣȻǰ˴Ĵ۾ңĸ׶꣬ĿȻܾǼ򵥵Ҵص۹ǰսħɱɣ
ʼһЦҾĸףûôӣΪϦѾͷϵ⣬ҴǰٻҪһսġȻûܹҿص츳ȻǲḶôĴ۵ġȻ츳ǱҴֳҪǰٻһսΪβ㣬ǰٻһǱĿֲŵأ
ֻǰսƺԴûʲôôɣҶʵ
ȻУʼʵǰսȻǾһͬʱҲһҴػӵܱǿĻᡣҴػӵʵħУҲӦãӦ֪Ҵ֮ĹϵҵĵǲħУУ
ȥػӵܣҶüͷһ壬
ʼ΢΢ͷΪħ֮йԼ߾ϵǿ߶ܳڹսԣҴظ޷ǿ߰бҴػӵܡҴػӵһڹսǶȻᱻԪŵԵģԣҪİߣ˴ǰսҲмôģҪ֪սһϹżǸطȻŸΣգͬʱҲǳŸֻһǿĶָⲻʱҪ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷǰҪǿΪ˾ĸףܾĸףҶΪһǿʲô壿
ʼ΢΢һЦ֪ĵǣģȻӦףȻͲᷴڡ֮ڣĸ׶ȻᰲȻ֮󡭡˵⣬ʼʶ˶٣Ȼĸף֮ڣͱòϱǿ޳ǿҲʧˣʱĸ˭ȣ
ԣҶĬˡ԰֮ܶԼʵ̫ˡʼԼٻлһأ˭Լ
ǿǿʱҶеҪǿΪֻбǿˣֻܹȻܹѰһĸף
ǰʲôʱǰսҶʵ
Ҷִھĸʼ΢΢һЦȻһºǹս֮գʱҴص۹֪ͨʵߣҴص۹ӵܣԼҴص۹һЩ񲿶ͨ˴Ĵ󣬽Ǵ͵ս
ʼҪȥսҶ㵵
ʼ΢΢ͷǰս˵ȻޱȣҲһ޴ĻᣬһǿĻᡣȻ񲿶Ȼɢ޵ķʽǰսģȻǸյսûħ꽻֣ѾԼˣ
ҶҡҡͷħֲвڣҪɱЩûϵ
һڣ㾡۶ҪɱˣɲǰٻԪţҪڿ¶֮졣ʼʵ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ǰս˵һµĿʼΪû߾ϵǿ߶֣ԸԼʵҲֻܹ޼ɵԼʵõİٻԪŵɳǿɱ㣬ԣúðסλᣡʼ˵һ䣬һʧԭء
ʼߺҶתһֱĬϦ£лл
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Ҷ˵ͷȻӹָлǰˣ
΢΢һЦ˿ȻϦ¹ķҲҴصˣȻڳΪְ˵⣬һöƳУöƣһöưĽһöʼʵڴص۹ڣԳͨ裬ҿԵ۶геĻӣ
ԣҶһгеĻӣʼΪʲôҪ˴Ȩһ£Ҷûоܾöƽ˹˿ö΢ҶһǧưһΪľöȻˣȴͬһˣ
Ҷöƣ΢΢ͷȻһʧԭ
ߺҶöƵݸϦ£öУɾһУӦܹã
Ϧ¿һöƣȻ㵱Ҫң֪öƵãرһүүڣȨɲһʵȨˣ
ҶҡҡͷЦˣȥԪҪ󣬻ȥڣǰٻǲңҾллˣȥǣȥҺܿҪȥսˣܵػӸȥսԣǶ˵ɾһУǲܹôӵ󣡡


268 ڤ
ӹöƣϦ¿ҶһҪŻȻҾʹҵЩ޸ˣ
ҶвǺô΢΢ҡͷһǰɱȻԼȾõؽУҲһ㣬ܾҪһٻԿҪĲԲܳеģ£һһЩ㣬ķҰﲻ㣬ܰģҲֻڽǮЩԮ
ӹؽϦһЦΪҪܾڿΪ򹤣ʽ⵱Ȼˣ
ҶҲһЦ뵽ʲôʵĸ񻹺ðɣ
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Կǿǡ
ϦһȻЦϦµĴЦǰһԷʱͬ˰ҶЩľ
ѹе컣Ҷһöưĸ߼УеݸϦ£ö߼ͲȥˣԼɡ
ϦֹסЦҶΣҡͷһ̾СܵܣԸϣУȴһȱ㣬ǾһһˣͶ˺ޱҪ֪ױľģԣκˣԼˣҪ֣𣿡
ҶЦЦģʲô˸Σʲô˲ΣȷʵϣܹҶεģһֶֻĹ
Ϧ¿Ҷһۣڼ⣬һѼһЩսħϸ㣬ʱһϵ㡣УϵңҲȥɿ;ӣҪ֪ڿڶ㣬ҿɲཨһЩΪĹϵ¶
Ҷ˵ͷʾ⡣
ϦˣʮɽѹεһЩˡҶ˵뽣⣬ûʲôã
ҡҡͷҶó˸ɽ䣬ɨһƷǼؽʱҶʱһϲΪǼһԪͯһսҶ˽ϻȱ㣬ǾǽϻĽƷ̫ˡ
ǽϻڵʮǵؽףڼϽļӳ֣˵һԪͯˣʮԪͯҲֵס
ֻҪʮɵؽף̸ףȻѣȴûϣСڣڼҶĲƸҪռʮؽҲʱˣ
һؽһƼΪƣ˵ܹǿ֮ϵǳ׹䡭ҶȻǲŵģܹǿ֮ϵǳ׹䣬˵ؽˣҲİ
ƣҶģΪƵȻȭȴһôǾѶûȭǰֲȭأҶǿڼĻϵָ㣬ҲһضѡѶȣʹҶҲò˵һ̬
⣬һöƷʯһʯҶȻǿ۵ġǼƷҶҲòˡҪ֪гĻһöƷʯ൱һǧöʯģһмУ
һöƷʯҲ൱ʮöʯʮöʯǰĲƸ˵ھһЩǿҲûҶУ
ܵ˵һưĽҶ⣬ΪЩʵڣҪľǲʵ
ʱҶͻȻתֻʫ֪ʱ뵽ǰǰŮΪԼϧǰٻ֣ҶһůԭΪѾؽˣ
ʫ΢΢ҡͷΣȻڶģҺܱǸ
޹أҶЦ㣬ǽڣȻңȴǴδҡ㣬ҳĲ䡣ڻûʵıණұ֤ܻôһģʱһǰѰ㣬ұ֤һ첻̫
ʫֱҶΣȻڣҵ䣬ʫһһʧʡ
ʫ뿪˱ǹسʫԭվλãҶһĨϧСӣϵҲϻˣ˵ʲôû塣ϵѰ㣬ϣ㽫ڤڣ
ҶԳһЦǰǰоܾʸ𣿡˵꣬ҶһڤС
ʱڤȴͻȻһ˽飬СŮһˣȻͷҪɣ
ҡҡͷẦһ쾳ߣȴصʱľͲֻԪٻˡңʵ޷㣬ˣÿǿд߶һΣͻ˼ھΣҲͷˣ
ͷǽڣСŮĿⲻƵĶˣҪΪǽ飬Ҫƭҡ˵ףֻǲýڵһУ𣿡
ҡҡͷһӣڤʱָ˽壬Ȼǿɽ֮С˿һҶ˵ʲôȴʲôҲû˵һʧԭء
ȥҶһкâһҶȻΪʫĸײμưģǵõôȴǽڣڵ˺ô󣬲԰ٻʱάҶڤ˻ȥ
Ҫ˵ŭȻǲܵġҶ֪ŭΣﲻˬΣ˭ʵأ
ڣٻڣԪšҶЦһЩ˶ҶһУպ󶨻һһǡʮӶʮˮתģ
뿪ʹ㳡Ҷǰ˷ʦᣬڷʦԼʦɽǴδйԹԵġΪһֱûʦɽҶڰٻˡرСûɽڣСҲһõĻúóɳ
Ȼʦ޵۹ѹǷʦȴǴδҶ෴ģڷʦõôȴǴδԷʦʦɽʲôҶһ˽ˣԣɽɽʦ
֮УɽҶԹʦ
ҶҡҡͷССԴһʼһЩȴûˡһֱʦʦΪѾˡ
ɽҶΣ鲻٣µһ̾ʦһ壬ܶʱ򣬴ǷǳŽģֻҪƻʦԱʱ㣬ǴҶǳ츳ǣ㣬ңԼʦɽ˶޷ʦᣬЩϼһ棬ʦ»һңҲʦֹ뿪ʦԭ򣡡
ҶЦЦףǰʦᣬмҪʦ
ɽһСΪ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ģڣûܹ˺ɽ֤
ԣҶŰɽһҪľɽ仰


269 ߴ½
С뱦漸ҶǿʼĴռĻռݡɽİ£ҪҩݼûʲôѶȱռˡҩռҶɽȻ˶ϻԨס
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ҾʼԣսЩħǱԪͯҪģԣ뾡Լʵر
Ԫͯһս֮УǿǿޱȵǾԲԪͯⲫģΪԪͯսʶǺֲܿرսȭ⣡£Ѱ˵ܲһȭ
ܵ˵ڻкܶ಻㣬ٴ˶ϻԨѰĻϣȻ֪صĻϵҪδʲôǴʱǰĻΨһܹˣԣѡ
ĻǰĻŹȣҶ΢΢һЦưһˣ
ңҶ˵ͷȻԪͯս˵˳
ΣĻ΢΢ͷȷʵǽңԪͯȻų׼񣬵ȴûǿ֮ģǿ֮ģʹ߶˵ҲκβǺǡò׳һܳΪĴڣȴǻУ
Ҷҡҡͷû˵ǽʣûʲôȤһֱֻһĿģǾǴӰٻоȳĸף
û´ӦҪȥս˰ɣĻͻȻʵ
ҶһȻĻ֪
ĻЦЦȻɫսǵطųŵķĹʹŵҲпΪӲȱûֻи㽣ͨҽСɣȥҲֻеȣ
ħ˵˿£Ҷʵ
ĻҡҡͷȻ̧ͷߣԹսô˽⣬ս֮ԳΪսΪ޻ħսԵʡ˵⣬ĻͻȻƫͷҶ֪Ƭ½ж󣿡
ҶһȻҡҡͷЦ֪ж߹ԶĵطҲʮɽң
Ϲ֮ʱƬ½ߴ½ĳһ죬ߴ½ͻȻһΪ޾Ϊߴ½λǿߴ֣λǿ߶ǵʱǿߣһ˶ܹǳɽ󺣵ġߴ½λ֧飬ֳ˾򣡡Ļϻ
һƬ½֧飬ʵѹסе𾪣ҶʵĻϣ˼˵Ҳ֮еһ
Ļϵ˵ͷǼ֮أҲɽһߣʵһҲħ򣡡
ȻΪһƬ½Ϊδδ򣿡Ҷʵ
Ļ̾һΪÿ֮䶼һǿ֮ˣ赲ħɽɽܹ֮赲ħ壬Ϊ߲ʣΪλǿߵķӡ
ΪħܹԽɽ򣿡Ҷٴʵ
ĻЦЦɽ˲ųλǿȻǿվѾһѳħλħȻڵʵȲȴҲĲԶˡƻ£ɽ֮ϵķӡѾԽԽԣħħǰ򣡡
Ļϵ˼ǣħ򣬾λǿ߷ӡķӡҲʼҲ˵ڹսֵĲħˣĳţҶʵ
ĻһĨͣ΢΢˵ͷ
״ҶһΪʼʲδ˵ǹսǿ֣߳Է˵⣬⣿ĻǺξģ
ĻͻȻʵǲ޳ھǰսģΪֻ쾳վ̫ˡҪԽսе㲻ʵҪ֪ܹڹսģǿɶеȻҲǻǾ仰ľеˣ
˵⣬ĻϻͻȻһתǣ˵ҲһǿĻᣬǿ߽֣޺ﻹһҪԼıħҪǿǾͱҪ
Ҷʵ
ĻЦЦȻ̯֣һʱģȻ֮һЩЩھϴ󣬱ǻ顯ڤ𣬱ֻһ棬ʵǵġ˵⣬ĻָһֻǶɭɫڤͻȻҶе֮ϡ
ɭɫڤ帲ǣҶһ֪ĻϺ⣬̧ͷĻϡ
Ļ΢΢һЦڻһԣ
ԣҶ΢£Ȼνһնʱһ⼤βͬΪڤȻǽ֮ϣҲ˵ҶʩչһĽ̫ˣ
䣡
ֻʮһžʱҶǵը˿ȻһĻȴҶסˣΪǿűըĴȻػһƬޣ·δֹ
ԼĽʲôʱôţˣǽҲҶ㶣ȻĻϣΪڤԵʣ
Ļϵ˵ͷڤûб㽵ԶԶֹˣ㽵ڤܹҹҹһΪãǰĽ֮ϣԸԸĽ֮ϣ˽֣ԷƷײĻûӽĽ¾ȱڤȼճޣ
Ҷ˹ȻĻ˼ǣҪڤ͸ң
Ļϵ˵ͷ
ҶһѹסеļȻ󲻽Ϊʲôûа׳ԵͣĻϷ׷ǹʣʦͽ֮ʵȴʦͽ֮ǰĻΪʲôҪҶûʲô֮
ĻϿҶһۣȻһ̾ʵ̫ˣҵʱʣˣԣþԼʵȻ޷Ҫ£
ʱʣࣿҶüĻϣʲô˼
ĻҡҡͷЩպ֪֮þԼʵΪĸףҲΪԼΪ򣬺ܿҪˣҲˣʱ䵽ˣȻ֪
ԣҶεҡҡͷĻϲǹ⹴ĺǰĻϵʵ˭ܹ˵УҪˣʲô˼
ҡҡͷȥЩҶʵĻϣ˵ǹսһҪģǺָȥѰңڼʶڤĿֲҶĻ˵ԽԽˡ
ⲻĻЦЦȻ󻺲ߵԡͰǰȻһڤʱԡͰ棬ʱͰˮʱȼͬʱе¶ȶʱʹԡͰɵľ룬ҶҲĸܵԡͰ֮еĿֲ¶ȣ
ĻתҶȻȥɣ
ԣҶɫʱЩѿ


270 ڤ
Ȼ˵ǰûҶܹоһԡͰ֮е¶ȣǰܱȵģ
Ѿһĳ̶ȣƾѰЩҩ޷ЧҲֻڤȴ̼ҩ︨㣬ңҪշڤҪģҪס¶ȣĻϵ
ҶЦЦѹûʲôޣ޵̣Ͽûܹܵס
һҶԥһԾԡͰ֮УֻҪʵһʹʲô
䣡
սԡͰ֮УҶϵǻΪ˻ҽͬʱҶȫļ˲·һ㡣ˣҶϿʼ͹һͬС߰һܲ벱ϣΪֲ
ʹǳʹʹ裡ҶڵĸоȻ׼ǵܵڤĿֲʱҶǲ鲻ԽԡͰ֮ãסˣ
ҪΪǿߣҪ۵ġ
ģҶƤ濪ʼһɺˮݣһˮĴָСЩˮݱ鲼ȫ¡˵Ҷʱģʹǹ˿ҲҪס
ЩˮʱĻ΢΢˵ͷȻҶռЩӽԡͰ֮УݽԡͰԡͰ֮سһЩɫǵ㣬ĻϵĿ£Щɫǵ㳯Ҷӿ˹ȥ
ЩɫǵӴҶƤʱҶϵЩˮݱǡ족һը˿
ʹǰʹˣҶҽھʱڵĽɫʼɫسȫ˹ȥŽɫĲ޸Ҷʱоöˡ
ʱһһȥʮҶѾȫӦڤ¶ȣȻĻϿµ¶ȣڤ¶ȣ˵Ҷ޵Ҳһ˲仯Ϊޣ
ԡͰ֮ԵĻͻȻһУֻԡͰ֮еɭɫ˲۳һСϣ֮еС磬ĻһĨӣڤڹżȻģԭǲ㽫շģΪȻ飬ȴڣڵڤ𣬶˵ʵЩߡֻǾŹʵϧЩֻû뵽ǧ꣬ȴɻ꣬Ҳͱˣ
ԣҶ㵵Ļϣڤֻڣ
Ļϵ˵ͷѾ꣬ҿɲὫ㡣ȻѾ꣬ƾʵҲ޷շˣѾӦ¶ȣ죬ĵ֮У
뵤֮УҶһĻϣȻҵѾܹӦ¶ȣڻǱȽϴģڣҿ»һ˲ͱȼճް
ؼ̺ſֲѰҪ֮ǣҪշǣǸΣޱȡȻΣգɹշǣǶİһҲĽ⣡ȻΣգǾˣĻϵ
ԣҶЦЦȻĻϣɣ䣬Ҷſ졣
Ļ΢΢˵ͷȻָһеСʱҶĺ֮УСҶһ̣Ҷɫʱ
ûгԹտ˵ĿˮҶھָо
ʹôҲȲڵʹ࣬Ϊڵһ֯ǼΪģԣʱҶʹ沿鶼ѾʼŤ
СҶں󣬾ͷ·һ̰ĺһ㣬桱һ£һ£ĵطǳΪһƬڣǽɫڲ޸ȻҶʱѾˡ
ܿ죬СҶĵﴦҶһ׼Ļ̵ķСʱСȴͻȻһСڣ
Ҷסˡ
ССںͻȻǰսҶһ㣬һ汦ʼƮͻȻǸоʲôȻ͵سСƮȥȻʱСͻȻ·һεסһ㣡
أС翪ʼǻĹâҲ·ʱҪϨһģĸˣ·ʲôǳֲһ㣡
ʱǹεͻȻʧˣֻȻˣСȴ벻СС
ǹʧСԭƮһᣬȻǾðȫˣȻسƮ˹ȥƺȤɫΧƮҪɫʱǹεٴγˡ
κСѾԶСһҶеڵЩޣһ㵵ĿС磬ļһЩ޺ִ֮һ˿ɵΪֱǣСΣգ
ССпռһоٶҶЩЦСˡԥҶĻϴڵķʼշС硣С統Ȼ־ܣΪ˷ҶʼСڲƮҡһ䣬һƬ𺣣
ֻһձɻ𺣣ǹεٴγˣһΣС磬СпռڵЩ޶ܵˡоεʱޣǱɻ𺣵ڤ𶼿ʼ
һ궼
볯ڤ𺿽УԹŭǹСҲַ֪˴æС磬Ҷ״æʼշһΣСȻţûǰôˡ
Լ˰ʱԡͰ֮еҶ˫ۣϣžϲ
ɹˣĻʵ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷָһһɭɫָ⣬ɭɫ磬ҶаҡСԼܵСڣûȥСһСڷСзŭ
֮СԼҶҪշѱڤ𣬿»ҪĿͷ˭շ˭Ϊһ⣡
ҶָϵС磬ĻһĨȣڤĿֲ֪ġԭ룬ҶڵʵҪշڤûа£ǸǲܵġֻȵǣҶһʱûþշڤ𡭡
ĻĿҶһۣȻѾշڤʣµʱҾͽڤɡˣպߣñױ¶ڤҪ֪ڤЩ߾߾Īģмǣ
Ҷ˵ͷڤǿֲЩǿ߲ĲŽйˣ
ڣԲٿڤԣĻϵ
ԣҶһЦٴڤˡһĻϿڤڣҪԼƣ֮ȫͬģ


271 ڼ
ָһһɭɫҶǰǰֻĴָСС磬ҶɫǰСͬƽĻһ㣬ɫɭɫ⣬ûʲô֮
һҶԥָһһƼĴĽɫָ⼤ƽɫճֵһ̣Ҷǰڤǻһ⸽ǽɫ֮ϡ
ؽļӳڤİɫȻĿֲ֮·ռ䶼Ҫȼһ㣬һİ׺ۡ
Ҷ˷ڴĿУƽཻĽԶһҪʮ˲ܺϱľһܵĽӴ
䣡
һըҶ㵵ĿУǿžըѿţͬǰ㶸Ȼȼһ˲ǿžǻһѺɫҽɢ˵֮ϣȻǽɫȴǻδʧһǰͬٶȳԶȥ
䡭
ٴը
ȻҶ𾪵ǣƽʮôȼճɻҽȻûʧҪ֪ƽľѾﵽһٶˣǰĽɫΪĹϵ󱣳һʱ䣬Ͻļӳ֣ʮɵľ룬Ѿļޣ
ڣƽѾһɿ⻹ûɢһڹʮô£
ڤ˵Ŀֲ
һٶһɽڣƽֱûɽ֮Уһ˲ͻȻ䡱һ죬ǴɽڶȻը˿ɽ֮ϣһɡ׵Ĵ󶴣
Ǹڴ󶴣Ҷ˹ڤӽֲ̫ˣһɱһЩ߾ǿ߶´˰
ʱɽ֮ͻȻһ⣬һҶǰǰɭɫ磬Ҷٴһڤؼֲ̫ˡ
ڤСڣҶĻһ񣬵ĻϣлպҪҵĵطĻϾܷԸֻҪҶܼܾȻ֪ǰԺҪʲôǲʲôֻҪΥ˵ԭԺҪǰе
˵ûǰˣûҶɾ͡Ǿ仰Ȼǰûʦͽ֮ȴʦͽ֮ʵ˵Ѿǰ˵ʦ
ĻЦЦ⻰һǵõģϣʱ㻹룡ˣȲ˵ˣڵѾһĳ̶ȣҪʡͱҪȥѰǹսһк綴ĵطǺ綴һ飬Ϊĺ磬ȻǰǾĺûбһЩǿ߷֣
ĺ磿ҶʵĻϣǺ
ĺ磬޼Ѱھ֮أǧпܳ顣Ǻ綴֮ʱδγǣڻ״̬Ҳδȡǧѹȥ룬ӦѾγǡȥĻϵ
Ҷ˵ͷڼʶڤǿ󣬶Ļ˵ľĺ磬ǴȤˡĺڤͬΪǿ϶˵ġԺ˶Ե֮ʱͻȻǾǻһľϲģ
Ҷ飬Ļϱ֪ʲôҡҡͷĪΪǾĺѾ֮
ԣҶεͷĻϣǸĺѵڤ𻹿ֲ
ǵǣĻϵֻҪһ㣬ڤѾѱȻתġǾĺ磬ҪԼȥǾ֮ػȡģ֮ĲǷǳġҪ֪ڤǹ޾֮еģڵʵ˵ȥ޾շǿ޾¶Ǿĺؾ֮أ޾뺮磬޾𺣣Ҳֻǿ
ԣҶһȻĻϣȥѰǾĺ磬ȥ𣿡
Ļϵڽ֮ǰȥѰǾĺ磬ȷڣؽ⣬ڵ㣬ҪԿ޾뺮磬δûлᡣرڵӦֿܵǾ֮صĺ磬ֻҪһЩѣ
ҶһֻҪлᣬǾͺáµľǸһᶼûһʹ࣬ܵʹ໹
Уȥ˹սмɲҪСһ֮УȷѾ޵֣ǹս˶еţ򲻹ǹĴУǱҪġĻϵ
Ҷ˵ͷĻϷģҴҵĶ֡Ļ˵ʵ˵Ҳʶʶء
ĻЦ֪֮Уʵ˵ģǰʦǹսһһ⣬ҲܹǰˡҪ֪Ǵ׳Ƴģ
Ļϣ⽣ʦ˭ǿ˭ҶȻ
ԣĻЦݻΣҡҡͷȻЦСӣȻȽϡ˵⣬ĻͻȻ̾һȻŵ򣬿ܹȽϣңҲаҪ֪ƾ壬Ӳǽǿ߼ɵη֮ͨ·ػشһ鰡
֮ͨ·ҶüĻϣʲô
Ļҡҡͷزۣպлʶʶ·ˣڹǰսʱȥɣزˣ䣬Ļϲһӣһɫ͹ȦҶǰȻת߽é֮С
ǷŽյéݣҶЦЦĻĺأͬڵСһ㡣ĻϵʵӦѾǣȴ֪ΪΣδйĻšĻΪҪϻԨף
ҡҡͷҶȥЩڶ˵ҪǾԼʵȻѰҰ취ȥĸס£ʵڲӦ˷ʱ뾫ȥϹģͷȻֱ
éݹһҶ̤ͣ˹Ȧ֮С
ҶʧڹȦ֮ʱéݵȴǻ˿Ļϴ˳˫Ŀ˴ص۹ķ˿˿ЩʲôΣһ̾ȻԲ㾡޳

صص۹ҶǵõϦĹڹսϣֻ֮ȴǲἰ˿κϢЩϣҶĬˡص۹ΪҪϢأ
ʱһ׹һӰͻȻҶǰҶĳ˼
СҶӣ棬ѵңֻǸûѣòҵġһĵͻȻҶҶʱЩԳ
˲Ǳˣһ²


272 ˣ
һ¶ûǰˣرͷ£ǾȵģҶҲ̲סЩ
һһͷŶҶԴʱһЩǰﵹǻʱ֣ǰǰŮΪҪμư֮ʱȥЩˣû´ǰŮӿԤΣ
Ҷ̣ҲŭһЦοǴūˣūȥǰ㣬ūȥΪã
𣿡Ҷô˵һҪлл㣿
ЦǵȻҪ֪˷һ𣬼ʹ츳ǱڿֲҲǱɵģǴصʼʱ˵ᱣ㣬µһɱľأ֮Ĺϵ򲻿ɱ˷֣Ȼ֮
ԣҶĬˡΪǰŮ˵ĵȷеֻȻΪǰŮӻôΪ롣ǰŮӣһֱûøУһֱǿҵĽ䱸ģΪֱǰŮӾһΣ
˴ǷҪǰսͻȻʵ
ҶЩȣô֪
ҶĻϵЦݣЦһʼʹȻûİ
Ҷüͷһ壬ʲô˼
֪սǸʲôڣʵ
Ҷ£Ȼ˵ͷ۵ĵط𣿡
ԣһĨ죬û뵽Ȼ֪ⲻʼʸİɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻֵô֪ʼʸҵģе㲻ԾˣҶо
̾һȻ֪ս۵ĵط֪ЩΪҪ𣿶׼ȷ˵֪Ŀ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷĻϺû߹
ߴ½֮ϣһ翵ĶⶫΪˡⶫţҲܲȴʵĴڡǹսһΪǱĵطΪһǸ֮еĳǱֳЩĿģ
Ҷʾ˵ȥ
Щ֮սΪǱ£һƷǱ̨һ죬Եֵƽʱһ꣡رǱߴҲǵ㣬һ죬ɵƽʱ꣡ȻҪԸ̨̨ˣ
˵ʼҴȥǱ̨ȻΪص۹ˣҶֻΪβ˵أ
Ҷһۣ˵ǹսǱ̨Ŀֲ¾ͲȥˡΪؽ⣬ֽͨͺǿˡ˵ĻڵʵȥǱ̨㶼ϲȥ
ҶҡҡͷĴ˵ʲô
˵ˣɫһ翵ĶɷϣĵȷȷĴڣ֪̳Ϊα֪ǽΪû䣬ȴȻڣ
Ҷҡҡͷʵ˵Ĺϵֶǲŵġһ˲Ŭƾ翵νˣѵҲܳΪһǿߣ
̾һţȷȷʵʵڵġȻҲǵЩǿ߸ۣͨ磬õȻȥˡУܹ֮꣬Ȼû䣬ȴǻûҲΪˣҪ֪꽣ʦһһǱϣǺɨĳģʹֲ࣬ЩǱʱĽʦķڷģ
ԣҶЦЦ⽣ڵʦһǿ߰ʹЩȻǴŨŨ𾴡ֻӦ벻ĽȴûΪ֮βɣ
ĲôӦǰǹս̾һ;綼߾ƷھϣѾһءҪ֪߾쾳֮Ĳ࣬Ȼر𣬵ҲǷǳ޴ģرЩ߾ߣ
˶ԼҶЦЦȻͻȻʵ˵˶ЩҪ
ǳҪ˵ͷӦ˵ص۹ưĿģʵΪǹսǱѡǱʵߣȻǰսȥˡ
˵ȥﶼȥЩҶսȥʸûɣȻЩΪʲôҪȥҶ
㲻ΪμưЩ˾Ǹص۹ܳĵ˰ɣʵ
ѵҶüɱ˵Ԫ֮лбԪͯˣ
⵹ǣҡҡͷԪͯ츳ȷʵϳʵǲӦμưģֻΪ֤֮ɽλϿɣμưֻû뵽Ӧ˵Ԫ˶û뵽ССưϣȻһλ׼ʣһĪĴ߶˵Ԫοǿˣ
ҶҡҡͷȥЩҪǰǹսӦòȥɣ
ҡҡͷ㣬ΪҪ֮еĻƽʿҲ˵Ҫֱˣ
ԣҶæһӣʮ߻ƽʿǰȻȻ֮ദĲ죬һϣܹƽƽŮҪˣ˵һϢ
ҶľٶԹĿҶһۣô޲뿪ô˵Ҳ˰ɣ
Ҷ÷ЦЦû˵ʲôûǰŮ˵ѣЦŮ˵ĻϦ»ҴһʼͲ⣬ѣҶɲԲУ
Ҷ飬̾һȻ˵Ȼ֮ദĲ죬ҲϣܹǹսŻ˵⣬˶٣ȻֵǱˣлᣬǰɣǱ츳гģֻҪĳſУպؽһɳ죡
ǲҪʲôˣҶʵ
촽΢ţȴҡͷһЦЩˣôεȰɣϣպʱ򣡡䣬һӣһ׹⣬ʮ߻ƽʿʧҶǰ
ȥҶüͷ򾿾Ҫʲô£ѵ֮ҪͻҲ񰡣ϾڴҶల£ҲûʲôͻҪսȻǲܵģ
ص۹֮䷢սң˭ôıܹң
ΣҶҡҡͷȥЩЩ鲻ģ˵ҾңԽԽãҲǷǳˬˣ


273 ǰս
ưǰʮŶͻȻʧ˴ص۹ĵ۶ǵȥ򣬵ȻǹսЩưϵߣŵص۹ĸྫܲҲǰ˹ս
˵ư֮ϵŸһʱ˥Ļս֮ɾǹϵһδˣԣһδص۹Ӧ˵νǾ񾡳ûһ˿
رһΣɳѾŵӣ֮дﵽ߾洫ӣ
ڵ۶һɽ֮һ޴̨ʱ⴫̨վ꣬Щ֮УиɢޣҲӵܣӵܡʱǶ˷뼤ΪһΣص۹ԴǱֻ֤ҪǹսǱڶϣΪ洫ӣ
洫ӣ޷ĶرǶЩɢߡȻվߣǵǱʵҪûʲô⡣ҪΪ洫ӣǾе㲻ʵˡ洫Լŵ֮Ĵǿر
ԣڳߣرЩɢ߱ж˷༤ˣڴص۹˵Ĺսգȫˡںܶʱرھ޴ջǰǱʶеյģ
ŵӣЩŵӵ֪ǰսʱЩŵûηģ෴ģҲ˷뼤Ŵ඼һͬ㣬ǾǰǲΪԼȱ˲ģ
̨ϣ˿̨µˣ΢΢ҡҡͷȥսЩмܹŻ
λȥսϣܹǱȡúóɼǱϵգѾ֪ǣ뷴ڲȥģڿվһȥˣǾûлڷˡ˵
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ȻȺȴûһ˶߽ĿⶼͶǰһվˣЩǴص۹洫ӡд඼һЩףҲһЩףԪͯȻԼ£нڵĽУ
˳ĬʱԪŵһ洫վ˳תɨһۣȻưһԪţȴǱڵһŵӸȥԪ޺ʶʶҶ֪꣬λҶһ
Ԫ޵ĻԵԪͯɫ˲ЩѿȴûзʧȥΪʸ񣬾ζ޷õɽĴУûɽĴУЩ洫ǰѾûκνʱʸ
ΣҶվԪЦһôưһ׼ʣһû𣿡
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Ԫɫ˽Ϊ׵һ洫ӣȻ޼㽣ڵӣһû
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ԪЦһˣȻҲ֮ͬ飡
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ŶԪЦһȻ裬Ҷǽͨؽ⣬һֻصȥȡʱɱˣٻɾͶ˰
ŮǷһĨɱͨΣ˽Σֻһ쾳߶ѣԽսʸҿɲԪŵĵӣ˵ţƳһһԵԪͯ
ԪͯɫȴʲôҲû˵ȷܶʱʧûлȨģ
Ԫ޿һԵԪͯȻ󷴻ԪܣҲǾŰܵģٻȴǲս㽵˵ˣٻǰɣ
׼ŭʱһԱѩһɫȹŮͻȻ˳ŮӵĿԪһۣȻ·ҶƵģﵽ߾͵ƾһͨڲ֮أɱЦ䣬ɫȹŮӲһڱѩԾ˴̨Ȼʧ˴̨֮ϣ
ԪɫЩѿ뷴ȴ޴ӷΪѩŮ˵ĺܶԣͨߣ˴˵еѹ⣬Ѿͬ޵еĴڡпܳΪԪͯѾ֣߾߾˭Ķ֣
Ҷ߾ʱ
ʱԪǳĬ뵽һ飡
ͻȻ뵽ʲôԪ˹ڵվλãȻڵȺҶɱ֮Ϊû
ԪʻڵӲҲһڵӵҹѾӵϢҶѾյǰսȺʦѾ׷ȥˣ
ҶҪԽʮɽǰսٻüʵ
ڵӵ˵ͷҹڽӵϢȷˣ
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ҲǣһԵͬ˴ص۹Ѿ϶֪ضգѡ˵ǰսҶҲǴ
ߣˡȺӵʵ辢ʮɽ֮أҪ֪ȺӿѾƷһǴӹڵ֮ƴɱģҶҪԽսǳ˵ΣԪ
ôǱٻһ
ģȺӵĲѪҶôģԪ޵
⵹Ҳǡͬ˵һ䡣
ڵϦ˵ĻжԼͬ¶һĨġܹԽսǷǳ£ΪǱܹԽսǣָԽս˲
ǣ򣬿Ҳһ쾳µķ˾ǵģ֮䣬ĸߵǷǳҪģ
ҶŵŻ˰벽߾ԪͯڣȺӿɲʲô벽߾ǿǻʵ߾һǴﵽƷҶܹڶԷл

ŵľӢǰսһ̣ҶѾʮɽˡһƬƽԭϣҶСݺ۳š
֮ԲӴǰսΪСһҪˣΪ˲κ⣬ѡʮɽǰս֮ûѡ׵Ϊڵ·ͬʱ


274 ɱ

СұϣҶ˫΢գתʱȥˡĳһ̣ҶȻ˫ۣ˫۵һ̣ǰʮһžʯͻȻը˿ʯҷɣ
лǰǶʯҶ΢ƣһĨЦݡһֱƺ˵ĻϵĻǾһ١֣ڲ֪֮УѾ׷Ļˣ
統ڱ̨ϣԪ֮ͯʱȻ仪ҲֲɱȴǼСһ
ǷǳֲģܹĻϵҪҲһϢɾ룬ڳ䲻£ɱԪͯҲǼпܵģ
ǴԪҹлõȭҲڿ⡰롰ȭǷǳõģرȭĺǿҪֻ֪һصȭƵȻ޼âһģ
ȭأǵڶأԭԭǲģڤѾʸȭĵڶˣ
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ǺãԴĻǾˣҶɲһԴˣ
ʱǸܵʲôСұϵҶͻȻͫһ׼ʱһ˸ɭ亮ذѾĲһܵĽӴͬʱһͬӰӰ˲֪ʱȻСҵıϣҲҶǰ

ذҶĲϣҶԴûзɳȥ෴ģذ׻΢΢һǺӰһ㶣ȻӰû뵽ںӰ׼һʱҶȴǳźӰ˵ֱֱһȭ˹ȥ
Ӱ˲ӲҶһȭذ׳Ҷȭͷ˹ȥ
죡
Ҷ޴֮£Ӱ˶ʱ˳ȥ
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û뵽Ѿ̶ֲȣӰȿˣ࣬ǸŮġ
㣡Ӱ˵ĻҶǰӰ˲Ǳˣǵʮɽ׷ɱŮɱ֣
Ůɱûд𻰣ĬΣͻȻĴΣգ
ҶһȻüʲô˼
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ص۹ڣҶЦһҪɱңƾʲô㣿ҺǰҪɱҵŶ԰ɣ˵ٻԪţйҪɱҶŵģǽڣҲЩţΪڵʵڲǸʲôˡǴص۹ЩˣΪص۹ʼʿǸ˼Ĵ۱ģתɱʼʻûɣ
ŮɱֵҪ֪ǹսǲ׼߾ϵǿ߽ģȻ߾ǿߴڣΪһЩԭǲųֵġҲ˵߾£Ҷ׼ʣͨһ߾֮ĹϵǶĵ˵һѣԣǱҪ㣬ھõʱȻûԭҲǲɳģӦһ仰ΪãǾó
ҶĬˣΪǰŮ˵ĺеԪţڣٻн֮Ĺϵ⼸Ȼ϶ǲҶɳġȻʼʱЩɱǰأ
˼һᣬҶŮɱ֣ΪʲôҪЩ֮ƺûʲôɣ
ŮɱֳĬˣΣŵϣҲϣ㲻ǲϣһġ˵⣬һ٣ȻżȰһ䣬ΪԼԪͯưһΪԼһǿˣ˵ߴ½ţǷǳ͵ġ֮Բư񣬲ʵǵĿǱ
ҶҡҡͷҴӲΪԼһǿˣ˵һǿߴ½һǿЩûκģΪǿǰ߾߾ǰǶߣ
룬ˣŮɱֵ
˭ҶͻȻʵ
޿ɷ棡Ůɱֵ
ҶĬһᣬȻ˵ͷȻǲһˣǰΪλ͵Ϯң
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ǰǰɱʵǿһЩǲҲ˰
Ϊ֮ɣŮɱֵ˵һ䣬׼ߡ
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ҶһᣬȻôлл֪ͨңȻǰŮ˴ɱΣһΣǰŮǵھһҪ֪߾ɱɱûκηĻСһֻûѣҶοĻ׶༪٣
˵Ů൱һҲΪ
ŮһȻû뵽ҶлҪ֪βҪİ£Ůӵ㲻лң֪ͨ㣬Ǳ˵˼ûƴǴʱѾʮɽˣף˰ɣ䣬ŮӲͣһʧԭأ
ŮȥҶһȻЦЦҪɱ֣а취ģֻҪг׵ɱֻȥɱɣΪֻս֮Уһ˵ʵսʶŻ
Ҷ֪ȱ㣬Ǿսʶ̫ǰŮӴɱĲԪͯĻԪͯսʶ϶ܹܹȥģȴǲܣֻܿԼǿȥӲ
ȻûսǴĻʼʿеõϢǹսֵˣ϶ǼΪģҶɲ˿ĴⰡҪȥѰǾĺ硭ʵ̲ݻ
һҶСյڣȻʮɽ񱼶ȥɲСҳΪЩɱֵĿ꣡


275 ͵Ϯ
һƬžɭ֮УһȫڵͬӰӵĺӰͻȻһŴ֮й˳Ӱ˻ǰȻǵϵҶһ£ΣӰüͷ΢壬ΪҶϢڴʧѵݵ˲ɣ
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һïܵϣ͵ϮʧܣҶϧҡҡͷȻͣԶӶȥ
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Ҳг޴ΧԷһ뵽Էǹͷ뷨ûСһ£޴ԶԷûʲôãΪԷһӵĻ޴ֻܸɿţ
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һӰ˿һ۳ĺӰˣ磬ڲڧʱȻɱһ쾳ﶼˬҪףɹ˻ãʧˣ֯ڣǿҲ̧ͷˣ
ʧܣĺӰǷһĨмɱһ쾳һʧܣ̫ǽҶˡưһ⣬ͨΣǰЩǸơǾͲȥ׷ɱˣһȥӣ䣬һʧԭأ
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ɲһ쾳أͨޣܹ߶ʵҿɲӡ
ȷǲ΢΢ͷǰҾͲԼϡΪưһΪδĽʣ
˵ģͻȻʵ
һЦȴǲһʧԭء
ȥһĨ裬ΣһȻҲʧԭأ
ããֺ֮УҶԾţȻһζܣЩɱ֣Ѱһʵʱܳ֡ȻЩɱֵǹִɱɣ˵ɱˣܻܲһ⣡
ͻȻҶͣɨһΧҶ΢΢˵ͷվλãÿ͵ϮɱΪΧӲݣЩӲһߣ˵һˣʮһ꣬Ҳ
ԭس£ҶһϻУһʮԽϻڻһӲ֮Сԥ£Ҷָһһǰһֵͬģб͸Ÿ߼
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һʱȥˣûκ˳֣Ҷɱšܡ̬Ϣ˫Ŀ΢աܿ죬ʱȥˣʱȥˡȻһҲû֡
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ʱһһȥһȥˡݴ֮УҶЩˣûжʱкɻһ·ϣûԼϢûأۼ˵ԷӦǻ׷ġΪȥһӰû
ĪǶԷѾ׷ɱǶԷѾһԷڵȴ
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ʱͻֻһž֮ͻȻһӰӰԼٶȳλõȥҶһĻһϲһĨɫһʮ˲佫ӰΧУȻ⳯źӰ˼ȥ
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һĻɫ䡣ʱ˿̣ȻѾ֪мˡȻΪɫΪʮٶٶȣѾ޷̺ؽпֲʹΪ֮
طʱɱĸط⣬Ϊط̫ˡϵѪۣջǾһЩûгȥˡ죬ҲЩͣ׼ʱȴͻȻǲݴ֮˶
һĻʱеһͷҶ̲סˣҲǣҶֲɱ֣ôԥضˣȻˡ
룬һذ״һ˳Ҷ˫һɣԾʮǲӲǲҪһԶǧɱǲȥӲƴģ
Ӱ˳ȥҶǷһĨЦһϷʱһֱ£һģŸ߼Уӭ籩ǣ˲ǻһεķУ
гֺ󣬷ΧڵĴʱ˲仯أ·Ӳݸֱӳ˲м
ͻȻоôҲû뵽ҶȻ˸߼һַʽͷųõܣ
ǰֲķУΧֲ̺Ľ־ˡãû־嵽ʧȥǡһһĨӿذףǵкݺݴ˹ȥ
䣡
һܵĽӴֻǿеʱӿпٵ׹һĻҶһϲ׼ȥʱһذ׹سĲӴʱҶë


276 ɱ

ذҶӴһĨȻذȴͬĨڼӲϣһĽཻ
ذ׵һ㶣Ȼû뵽ҶȻѾǿôֲܿ죬عû˿ԥһسԭأһ̳ʱȴѾʮɿˣ
ŶԷʧߣҶɫΪأǰǿʱѾΪһͷʬˡ
Щ߾ɱ֣ʵսǺֲܿɱȴòɵǰԷѡʱǸʱſ䱸ȫиʱ򣬶΢һ˲䣬ȴǱԷ׼ȷץסˣ
һҶʼڶԷѾ֪ǿȣԷ´ٴγ֣϶ᾡȫȻǾԷֻʵǲͬǰǰ㣬ԷһȻֻܿŶԷԶԶȥ
ָоʵǱĺܣ
ҡҡͷҶߵѾʮ̳ɴ⬵ǰѾĲ磬Ҷһʮʱɻ˽ϻ֮СţҶһУʳָϴɽɵС
ɨһɽ֮еƷҶҡҡͷһĨʧɽ֮Уһǧʯ⣬ʲôûУ
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΢˼£ҶǴʲôˡӦѪɱ֤֯ԥ£ҶսԼɽСⶫԺõŵʱ
պƺҶͣһʮɽӶȥ
Ҷ˴ԼһӺͻȻسҶԭվλãҶȥķֿ˿һʬ壬ޱȡǰҶʱѾֻûг֣ڵȴһõʱ
룬õʱȵˡȻû뵽ǣҶȻѾǿ˿ֲĳ̶ȣҪӲ
ʱͻȻسԣԶʬ壬üͷ΢壬Ȼˣ
˵ͷ˵ĶԣҶΪưһʵѾȫһ߾ߡϣԼ⣬ҶʵҪİѹͬʱɳִ񣡡
ʵǿЦһãѾЩûôȤĿˡ֪ǰұ˵һִ̣̼ҸоֻˣŵɱǿǰΪɱڣʹ˶ĴɱҸҲ
ĿһȻף˴ɱ֮ô̼ˬ䣬һʧԭء
һȻҲͣһԶӶȥ
һƬƽԭϣҶСҼٿ񱼡һ·ϣÿʱÿ̶Ÿ߶ȵľ裬ȻЩƵǣɱȴҲûֹҶҿ϶ɱܽĳȴźʵʱȻڸһĹ
ΪûٲùԸԷ
ڣҪĲôȥɱԷҪѶԷΪΪлɱԷȻԶԷǽгûãҪѶԷΪֻܽСҽгˣ
СҴ־Ŀ񱼣Ҷ׼ʼȻʱԶͻȻһҶüͷһ壬ϣȻСǰӶȥдҪɱ֣ǿ϶еˣΪԷ϶ģ
ֻҶЩɻΪطȻʮɽҲʮɽڲԵˡܹ֮ﵽطΪСҴ·˵طѾ޵ˣﶯ֣Ϊ
һɽ֮ϣŮӱűųǵΧǶʮͷʨصʨȺʬ壡
ҶϵطʱǱصʨȺʬʱʱȻʨʵ֪ģǰŮӾȻܹɱ˶ʨҪ֪ǰŮ˵ľ磬Ҳ߾һضѰ
ҶʼŮŮӴԼʮ꣬ò㣬رߵŮӣ޳ȣݲֵģȻȴһ顣رڱʨȺΧĴʱŮǹŵЦݸΪŮ˼
ұߵŮЩ΢֣ԲȴʧСر˫ۣˮ飬һǡҶӡУһŮͣȴĲѿǰŮǵһֻǴʱŮӵȴԱϹЦݵŮ෴ŮӴʱأˮĴ֮УǲʱһĨǣ
΢΢Ǹô죿ʨȺԽɱԽ࣬Ǹɱģ꣬طǵ֮˰ҿɲΪЩʳ΢ŮЩĶŮӵ
΢΢ŮЦЦշģнڣڶʨҲη塣䣬ż棬峯ǰһɺͻȻżٴһ棬ȻԭһתͬʱеĳȻĺɨ
ʱһѩɫʰ״ֻʨȥֻʨ͹Ǹ޷һܵĽӴš͡һֻҶ㵵Ŀ֮Уʱʮ顭
һɱֻޡȻҶԾǣǰŮӾȻ˽⣬һǵأ
װĺʱյŮͻȻһܵ΢΢ŮǰȻݺݵԷһ΢΢ŮϸǡȡһİҶĿɿڴ
΢΢ɫһ죬׼˵ʱΧЩʨͻȻŭһȻݺݵ˹ȻǰľٶŭЩʨ
ˣ濪ʼţŮߵԶʨȺͻȻð˳Ȼͬڰ㣬ӿ˹
һĻŮɫʵȻǿҪԸ˶Ⱥ˵ˣ¾߾ǿҲֻʱ˱ܣ
΢΢ŮԥһºȻסѾȫסŮһԾԾһ̣һ˫ûĽɫļ󡣾ʱٴһĨԥŵһ̾Ȼһ䣬ҶĲ֮
ŮͻȻԼҶһ㶣Ҫʲôɻ󲻽ʱ΢΢ŮȴͻȻץסļȻڿն𣬳ԶӶȥ
·Ⱥֿ˿ԵŮӣҶգգۣŮھԼΪʲôԼѵԼ˴˵еĺˣ


277 ף
ȻһҪ⣬ǾŮʲôʱģԷΪʲôܹ
ߣҶɻʱץסֱ۵ŮͻȻʵ
ҶعȻ˵ͷ׼˵ʱ΢ֵŮȴͻȻյһ쾳ߣȻҲʮɽأҼװʴȣѾΪЩһĿʳˣ
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ô֪΢ŮӾ㵵
΢ŮӵĻǽ΢΢Ůӿһ΢ŮӣȻεҡҡͷ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ֻ̽һ£ȴû뵽ǰ˾ȻĲˡû´ǰŮӦμʲôǱģֻǶԷΪʲôֻʮɽأ
ι㻹ûشҵĻأô֪ǲˣ΢ŮӼҶĬЩŭ
ҶعЦЦҲµģ
㣡΢ŮԲţʱŭҶ
ˣǻôɣʱץҶ΢Ůӵ΢΢·ʨȺ
ЩʨȺ·Ⱥӵ׷Լʱ΢ŮԲԲСʱЩҰǲ±Щ޸ԡЩȳԴĻǻãһ¾ˣҲоʲôʹЩȳԱĲֽ֣֮ġ뵽⣬΢Ůɫˣ
·ȺҶҲüͷСһڣЩȻҪ£СһﲻڣҪƾСЩʨȺΣ޵۹ǿΪСҲѪʵЩʨ࣬ҶԷǳȺԣԣСҳҲѣ
΢΢ɣңҿɲ뱻ǻԵ΢ŮЩ
΢΢ҡҡͷΪѾʣ޶࣬಻һʱͻݽߣʱǿĻΪЩ޵Ŀʳˣ
ԭһ΢΢ĻҶȻһʼĳֺɻ벻⣬Ҫ֪ǿҪ߾ǿ߲ģ
ιûʲô취Ҷ˼ʱԲŮȴͻȻҶһ˸ʮɽأӦʲô̵İɡʲôķͱҴˡ
΢΢ŮҲƫͷҶȻҲΪԲŮ˵Ļе
ҶĬˣȷʵа취ֻҪ׵гȻ԰ЩʨȺֻʵǲ뽫׵¶ǰеɱУ֪ҶӵзޣǿһӶðˡȻҪһ㣬ǾҪг׵ǾζҶŮٻ׵񡭡
ٶףпܱ¶СУŮڴĿ֮УҶҡҡͷ׼˵ʱ΢ŮȴͻȻۡһȻǽ΢΢Ůӣ޵΢΢ҲһҪΪ콣ڵŵӣһҪ޸Ԭʦ֣һҪΪöຢӡ
һĻҶһ飬Ůˡˡ
΢΢ŮҲҡҡͷ֮ɫգʲôʱ㣿ȥ˵ԬʦˣĿ¶Ȣ㣡
΢΢㡭΢ŮЩ߳ŭƺҶĴڣһ΢΢ǰȻԴϹţ߹ߵװģִˡУҲܱСһźҾȥѰǧı˿ľϣлˣһҪԬʦְҰĦĦ
Ҷǲϳ鴤ţŮˣ̫ǿˣ
΢΢ɫһ죬΢ŮһۣӣֻҲ˵ĳڣҲԱûˣι㻹ڹھͽ㶪ȥιޣ
в΢Ů̫ˣ΢Ůæס֣ȻԲҶһۣͻȻ뵽ʲô۾һװģ뵽һİ취
ԣҶͻȻֲĸо΢΢ϲʵʲô취
΢ŮӽԼħצ΢΢ǰ˻ȻָҶװģǽȥȥЩޣһǾʱˣ˵أ
ԣҶɫһڣŮ˵ͲܺԼò
΢΢һȻƫͷҶһۣһᣬ£Ҳˡһ߾ʮɽ룬϶ʲôıµġ¿ϳʦö˸м
ҶĬˣƽĶۣǰŮûжУ׼ȷ˵ЩøУΪŮûһؿӣȡر˻߾ֻһ쾳ߣ£Ůû˿鷳ĳ־ŮһЩøУ
׵ȴܽгģǹϵ̫شˣ
ҶĬŮҲĬʱҲֻܽϣҶϣҶҡͷĻǴ˿¾Ҫʬ޴ˣ
˰ˣܼܲȡҶЦЦȻ׼ٻ׵֮ʱͻȻŮӴһȻָǰ˷ܵװģϺʦǣˣڿԲˡ
Ҷȥֻǰ⣬˫߷ٶЩˣҶüͷٴЩӦǰսôʮɽ֮У
΢΢̧ͷȥ弸ʱжʱһ¶ǳǳЦݡ
߱ѾҶ˵ǰ֮Ϊ׵һʮ꣬üĿıֱվ紵īɫĳ˵ķ
꿴ǽ΢΢Ůʱ϶ʱ¶һͰЦݣʦãҵˡ
ιϺʦ֣أ𿴵ˣʦúòСҼװĲ㣡ԲŮͻȻ
ϺĿ΢΢˿ԲŮӣЦĸǲʦã˵⣬ͻȻתͷҶλ̨ǣ
ʮɽ֮м񵽵һߣյϺʦ֣ǰ˵ҵӴҸ㣬ӿɱҴˡһˣû߾Ȼ͸ʮɽ΢΢ˣ
ߣ쾳յĻϺһ㶣ȻҶߣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ҶͷϺԼжʱһĨ֮ɫһӸǺû뵽ǾȻǰߣ֮ʵǵ׵Ĵڡ
ǴţϺĿҶһۣӵĻǧ֮Уǵ׵Ĵڡرǰ죬ЩνȻǱĵһ㶼ϲȥ
˵⣬ϺͻȻЦЦ˵һνʲô׼ʣ䲻ؽ⣬ͨǺǡ֮أ˽ͨЦҪ֪콣ƷţнǶûֹͨߣпܻ֣


278 Ⱥ
ǣ֮أôֽܻͨߣ˵콣ڣƷŵɽڶû˵ֹЩߣţ˼ˣϺԵӸ͵˵֮󣬻ĿҶһۣ
ҶĻ֪ǰЩҶɲһ˳ܵ¿Ϻ˵һۣλ˵򲻿ֽܳͨߣǰڵĽʦѵǽͨߣ
ԣϺɫʱЩѿʦķڷˣǵȻ֪ġǱһΪǱֻнǱ߲㣬Ҳǵ㣬ôߵֲлǱϣ
£ǱҲ˵ֳֹǰϣ⽣ʦҲңӣǱĵڶ
Ҷ˵⽣ʦڵ˵Ϻ˫΢У˼˵ǽҶǽͨඣ
ԼʦֵЩҶһԵ΢΢ü΢Ȼʦ֣ǻȽЩްɣ
һȺѣϺһ΢΢ʱֳָһĨЦݣʦòؽȺ࣬ЩûӵѣҿţʦôЩƸȡģЩڵǺö
˵꣬ϺȴֺȻҶȻ¶һĨаЦλѼȻ쾳ʵ̤ʮɽؿ϶ʲô˵ˡãʦü˿ɻδأ¾¶һ֣ҵȿεǿ󣬿ɺã
ǣ¶һ£ǿߣԣӦǿʲô̶ȣ
˰ɣ˼ұϾֻ쾳߶ѣ˵һȺˣһֻҲԸˡ
ô᣿˼ҼȻ쾳ʵʮɽ϶ʲô˵ĵƵģ˵ǸǸʲưһҲǽͨҶأ
˵ĻϺȵĿҶһۣȻʵ㲻ǸͨҶɣ
ĿһۣҶЦЦȻǽҶ
Ϻһ㶣ȻЦЦƬ̺󣬵ҶͨǸҶǿͨžʲôģ
ˣ
ʱһֱĬ΢΢ͻȻŭһ΢΢ҶһۣȻתͷϺʦ֣Ȼ΢ҲӦ˳ɣԭɲģ
һԵĲҲЩȥµʦ֣СȻʵһ㣬˳ѿһ㣬ˣϾûʲôõ£ֺαԴСأҪǴȥ˵콣һȺ۸һ쾳ߣ
Ҷ˷ۣʲô˳ѿһ㣬ô˵ġ
ŮĻϺɫЩѿҶʱһĨ裬ǵ俴΢΢Ůʱȴ¶һ͵Цݣλʦ˵ǣʦֵĲԣǲ˵ЩˣȽǰЩȺɣ˵⣬ֿҶȻһԣܣȻ˿ɱˣ
ҶҡҡͷҪ˵ʱԶͻȻһҵĲţ֮ͻȻһƬġơһƬ΢ЩʱϺ˶ʱɫ䣬Ϊʲôƣͷޣ
գĸָޣ¿һͷ
һΣϺ¶˾֮ɫֻǧֻҪӵĻҲǿԵģô࡭˵ˣ߾ǿ߿Ҳӳȥ
ˡεصȺɫҰ׵Ĳյ૵ˣԬʦ֣ҪЩ޸˰Ԭʦ֣
ʱһֻ޴ĴϺǰʮ⣬ͷվһ۵ӣҶ⻪ʱ΢΢һΪ⻪ӲǱˣʮɽ֮еޣҲѩ
ˣͷѩʵ
Ϻаµ˵ͷǣ
ѩһˣȥսΪʮɽ
ѩʵĿϺʱЩˬȴҷֻѹסеŭȻҵȳʮɽûж⣬ֻΪʦöھʱ˵⣬Ǳ͵ʮɽѰǵģ
ûж⣿ѩǷһĨЦ̶һʱʮɽͱɱǧͷޣɽ֮Уöڵɣ˵Ѱˣûж⣿
Ϻû뵽Լʦֵܼ¾Ȼᱻ֣û뵽ʮɽȻô׷ǣһĿ⿴һۣȻ΢΢ϣ˸˼£ԥãϺһбѾ˾
Ϻ˵ѩȻ˵Ǿȫɣ䣬ҪȺ֣
ȻʱϺȴһȻһŷƾն£ŷֺϺȴǹֱʧԭء
һĻһ㶣ѩҲһ㶣˾ʧˣ
ͷʱ콣ڵĵ֮Уһ˵û뵽Ϻʦ־ȻӵͷǺǡû뵽ΣʱȻȫЩʦʦãһ仰˵óͷǺǡ
һԵĲЩŵʦޣϹȻ˰࣬ôʦ֣˸ԣˣ΢΢һֱûӦ׷ҪȻͺһˣ
΢΢ҡҡͷһĨʧϺҲһЩøеģֻû뵽ͷʱ򣬶ԷȴУ
ϺߣЩ콣ڵĵһСĴڣϺʦֵĽɫݵһֱǳáȻ˶û뵽һֱԴҶǳõʦ֣ȴǺԥңȥˣ
ڳ֮У¾ҶˡϺˣ˵ǼЩˡ˵Ͼ͵οأȻҶѵģҶȻܶʱѪ˵˽Ҫ˵ΪԼѣǾģ
֮²ܾ⣬ıɣҶʲôֻĸ֣Ǿǡġ
ǿԶѩ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ʱ΢΢һȻһУ콣ڵ齣󣡡
Ϻߺ΢΢Ϊڳ콣ڵʦ㣬΢΢Ļ콣ڵĵû˿ԥһվ΢΢ܣԼͬʱһɿֲĽ͵еĽӿ˳ȻγһؽС


279 СһҪˣ
콣ѾǱ˱֮ģ˸û˿ıڵͬһӿ˳ǽЩ콣ڵĵӵ£תٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ̺Ŀֲޱȣ˲ֱӣ
콣ɵĽҶɫ΢΢أȻЩ콣ڵûʲôøУò˵Щ콣ڵӵʵǺǿģرǽ̺ĿֲʹҲǷǳɵ
Ȼǰʮɽ֮УǽǿҲã˵滹صѩҲ˵Щ콣ڵӸʮ
Щ콣ڵƺҲ֪ʮ϶ǾȻȻǿ־뱯ݣ
޻ˣԵĻ˭ϣţ
콣˰ڳǸнѩһ׼ʱͻȻһƳУ콣˺ҶҶʱѩüͷһ壬Ȼ㣡
ԣ콣һ㶣ȻǿҶɻ֮ɫ
ѩԼ˵ҶҲһȻЦЦСһڲڣѩҪԼ֣Լôûж룬Ҷվ˳ѩһμ棬ʮɽΧңû뵽ٴμ棬ѵ֮䷸壿
ѩЦһȻҶϵλÿһۣأ
ԣҶüͷһ壬Ȼ֪ѩ˵ġָ˭ѵʮɽûСһ⣿
֪Ҷ뷨ѩֻʶѣûҪڶ֡˵⣬ѩ£Ȼ㣬ɷһ
ѩĻҶһѩҪСһ⣬ڿɾΣˡûСһѪѹЩȺҶҲʮģ
Ҷ£Ȼҡҡͷڲ㣡
ѩҲ΢΢˵ͷȻҶԵ콣ڵӵһۣѣ
ѩĻ콣ڵӵ˶ʱһݣɵҲҶѩĹϵǷͬһˣ仰˵ʱǵ¾Ҷһ仰ˣֻһ뵽ǰԼ˳Ҷ龰ʱЩ콣ڵϵĿɬǸŨˣ
ҶҲѩ֮⣬ֻףѩǿӣǿСһӣȻѩ±˵ΪɱЩ콣ڵӣһʰˣ
ɨһ콣ڵӵһۣҶǣЦҶɲʲôԵ±ԹˣϲԹԹ
ҶĻ콣ڵɫʱѿʱҶͻȻָָ΢΢ǲգȻǣ
ѩ˿ŮһۣȻֿҶһۣߣ
Ҷ˵ͷ׼Ҫߣʱ΢΢ͻȻҶǰ׼˵ʲôҶȴҡҡͷǵ޹أЩ콣ڵĶȣЦˡҶʲôˣҲʲôȵˣǹ˼ɱ֣г޴ɱЩ콣ڵˣ
ʱһԵĲտҶιȻ֮ǰЩ֣Ҳﲻ˵ˣҼװĲ˵ѾǸǸΪˣɲôСȻһģ
⻹ԼˣյĻҶǴĲмǿǰԼֱˣ
λѣʱ΢΢ֵЩʦֵǰ£˵Ļǲԣ˵ﲻӵһϣѳȣʦü˸м˵ţҶһ
Ҷ̾һǰŮزʶȴܹȣȻҪǲɷϣǰŮӵľٶǻĺøУԣԸֻЩ콣ڵӡ
Ҷ̧ͷЩ콣ڵӣȻͻȻãҾ֮ǻм𣿡
΢΢һȻЩ콣ڵӣʱЩ콣ڵȻûбֳҲɫɷףеļɵ뾪ֺΡȻҪǿҶǵģǿҶʱû˿ΣеֻǱ䣬ЩԹ
ǱĳţǱ߾ǿߡͷȻڣЩŵŵӵȴһ쾳ߵĿУνܵˣ
ȱģǰˣʹǵͷҲûҶ
콣Щӵɫ΢΢̾һȻתͷҶģҲµģˣ
Ҷ΢΢ϢȻѩѩҶµҪǣ
Ҷʼ磬û취Ƿ˱һ飡
̰ĿɲãѩֱҶ
Ӧ֪ҪߣסҶԷӣ仰ڻˣСһˣҪߣѩ϶סģСһﻹûѹ
ѩüͷ΢壬ҶĻȻܲˬɷϣֻصСһڣסҶصСһЩ콣ڵĵֵĻǶڳЩ˵һ޴ѣ
ѩĬһԵ콣ڵӵĶʱվǲģҲǣܻ˭Ըأ
ʱǲͲģǵȫѩһ֮䣬ڼѩĬʱ鲻Խؽ
ѩΪʲôĬԥǾǱʶˣ
ʵҶʱҲЩŵģѩĶֻ֣תˡûСһڣȺ
һԵ΢΢ǲո¶亹ʱ˿̣ûȥѩΪʲôôҶӣ˵ǣЩ콣ڵӴʱûȥ⣬ľֻһ⣬ǾԼܻܲ
Σѩ̧ͷҶȻҪǰս
Ҷһ֪ԷôͻȻôʣҲ˵ͷʢľۻᣬôܲȥأ
ԣѩһЦȻҲգǼ˵ʱȡˡǹսʱϣܹҸľϲ
ҲҪȥǹսҶü
Ȼѩ½һʢ£ôٵ޵۹˵꣬ѩһԵ콣ڵӵˣȻʱ֮û뿪ʮɽǾԶҪ뿪ˡţʮɽӭ֮ˣ
˵⣬ѩֿҶսʱϣܹҸľϲ䣬ѩͣϵϵ糱ˮȥ
ѩȥ콣ڵ˶ʱһôǲˣ
ллʱһԵ΢΢Ҷ
ҶҡҡͷȻ콣ڵӵһۣлͲˣǰ־ңҳԾǣ֮ǳƽˣҲ˵ϣ˵⣬ҶɫȻһ䣬ţӿһĨϲΪڸղһ˲䣬ܵڰСһǸɫͻȻʼڲˣ
Ҳ˵СһҪˣ


280 𱨣
λһ£ȸˣСһҪѺҶͣ׼ˡڣֻҸĵطȻȴСһ
Ůһ㶣Ȼ׼˵ʱ콣ڵȴһ׼ߵҶΧ
˽ԼΧҶ˫΢Уɨһۣô콣ھôԴǵľ˵ģ
ʲôʱ΢΢ߵҶԣŭЩʦֵܡȻЩʦֵܵҲˡ
ʦ㣬ܣ֮УһЩֵӳ콣ڵĵӽ裬ȥǱ콣ڽΪߴ½ЦʱʦֵܿɾͳΪ콣ڵˣ
ǣ֪ǾȻһ쾳Żǲ콣ڵ棬ԣţ
һ쾳߶ѣطġǰͿˬˣɱ
Щ콣ڵܹ򣬾Ѿ֤ǵǱʵҲΪˣǲŻΪǰҪҶܻо衣һ쾳ߣиһֻûκ𣬶ǰȴǿֻϡŻڼΪ򳬼ŵôܵˣ
ԣѩȥһ̣ǷǳĬѡ˶֣
ЩԼͷɱ콣ڵӣҶЦЦȻ׼˵΢΢ɣܶʱ򣬺õģУò˵һ䣬ʲô콣ĺܲզأǸʲôʦǶȥЩļһҪԼľ˳֣֪ղž͸ǸЩ޵˵أ
ںˣЩֵЦҲ֪ΪʲôܹصĻ˵ϻѾҪˡҪǣ⡣˵Ҳᣬ֮УһˣֻҪܹ֮κһ˵гغϣȻڶÿ˿ʮͷҾΣ

ӵĻΧЩ콣ڵӶʱЦЦĺšܵ⣡
ԣҪ΢΢ǷӣĿЩˡ
ǽлԵķƺЩɵ΢΢Щϵţʦ㣬ʦֵܶ㣬Ҳ˼¹콣뱱ԣϣʦ㲻Ҫ£λʦܻʦ
΢΢̾һȻԣ㲻һɵˣѵͿ𣿡
ʲôü
΢΢ҡҡͷЩʧĿ˻һۣȻ޴Χǣ˰Χʼգɫƽûаֽη֮ɫ𣿻УǰػΪҪӣһ쾳ߣΪʲôҳʮɽأЩ𣿡
΢΢˵ⷬǵҶ˵ģûжҶԣ΢΢ĻʱҶ΢΢ĿˡʼգƺЩСŮˡ
ǻԵλ콣ڵӳĬˣǲɵһʼΪʮɽЩ޵ԵʣֱӺЩ⣬΢΢˵룬ŷȷܲ
һ쾳߸ʮɽأЩ߾ǰûаη壬ǶԷ񾭴ǶԷʲô˵ĵƣ
ΣǻһĨʲôƣֻһ쾳ߣǰ֮ûڲ´ȥǼɾˣ֣
ҿ˭ңʱ΢΢һУбָ콣ڵӵˡ
ʦ㣬ҪΪһ򣬲زʶʦֵ֣ܶɫЩѿĻԳ
΢΢ûԣǶҶߣҵסǣ
㵲ס𣿿΢΢һۣҶ̾һǰǲдĺ˵ģΪδĻϣʦɽֻߵʫϦ£Ϊ츳Ӵģԣǲִĺ˵ģ
ǣǰŮˣǸ뷨ȴЩҡˡò˵ǰŮһʼȡȻҪڵάҶһĸо޹鰮ô˵أǸоǰŮǿԳΪѵģ
һһп϶ˡЩ֮У˳ΪѣȴǳΪ˹ͣڣһоǾǲԼǶԷеһͣ˵ԷԼеһ͡
ǵģÿһӦһں㳤࣬ںݣںǮǮٵѣ
һҶҡͷһЦȥЩ콣ڵӣ΢΢ʶһ£Ҷϳˣ˵仰ʱҶȻоȫȻȻ۾أУǾϲ𾪣
ڽҶֱǰӲԥ԰飬ԥԱǣıԣʫҴ˵ԼҴŵǰȥ
һεĸı䣬õľҲ˵أҲһΣõҶһǾǣǰ飬飬ǽӦֱǰԥ
򵥵˵ǣҪ˵ڣжڼ򵥵˵Ǿ̹׵ԼģԵˣҲˬһˬϲˣϲϲأ˵
ڣԷѣԥ˵˳Ȼⲻص㣬صڸղһ˲ҪһǾԱģΪԣ˵Ǿ仰֣Ѿǽأ
ûǽ⾳Ѿǵأ
ⶫҲ翵ģûκķ뼼ɣҪǾֻͨһ;Ǿľֻľ⽣Ż֮ʾֻľǽ翡
콣Щһ㶣ǰһ﷢˲ɣھȻҽֻҶôЧء
΢΢Ҳһ㶣Ҳû뵽ҶȻʱҽҪʲôѵ֪ʲô𣿴ʱ΢΢˵ĳ嶯
ιǲǱɵˣʱǲͻȻҶļ򣬵ʱˣ㻹ܣҽܣҶ˵⣬ͻȻ˼ĿҶȻ΢΢˼£㣬Ǹؽ⣬ҽͨų׼ʵҶ
յĻ콣ڵȵӶʱסˣȻĿ⿴Ҷɻ𾪣
ҶʵЩģؽ⣬ͨرǽͨ˵ˣߴ½Ƿǳǳѵõġʹ콣ڵʷУܹڶʮ֮ǰͨģҲֻһ˾콣ڵʦ콣ʦ֮콣ھҲûܹڶʮ֮ǰͽͨģ
ڣһǵǰ
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281 Ʊ仯
˵һʼҪɱҶΪҶ췢˵ȥڣҪɱҶΪҶǱ츳˽ͨţֲǱˣöԷز۵ΪãҸպöԷز۵
ǻԵ׼ҪʱҶͻȻǣȻʦķϣȰһ䣬ڵǸƽȥΣ
ǻһ㶣ȻЦЦƬָ̣ҶǸƽȥС飬ƾʲôƾ쾳ǿߣƾǽͨߣ˵쾳Ľͨﵽ߾Ҳη壡
˵⣬гָҶȻҪɱǿʦķϣһȫʬΣ

ԵĻЩ콣ڵӶʱЦҶĿ֮ǳ벻м
Ҷҡҡͷתͷ΢΢̯̯֣֮ɫҲˣǷҪɱҲɣȻҲֻɱˣ䣬ҶͻȻôõϷҲó˰ɣ
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ѩͻȻ֣콣ڵӵ˶ʱɫ䣬ԼҲľ׼ߣȻǾط֣߾ͷ֪ʱѾȺʱɫͻȻһ̧ͷһֻҲķޣ
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ҶɫҰ׵ĻԵһۣȻ˵Ķԣ˺ܶʱȷޣ
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ԣѩӻʮɽ֮ɱ޵۹˶ޣȡǵڵôǰȻȥ
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ǵģǼɵҶֻصޣ᣿
ѩĻ콣ڵӵҲҶкҩҪϧһдһԵġʲôʲôɵƣǾǣƺҲ֪Ҷûõģܿ죬˽Ŀ΢΢ϣĿ֮Уǰ֮ɫ
΢΢һ̾Ҷ촽΢ţҪ˵ʲôȴվû˵
΢΢Ϊѵı飬Ҷһ̾Ȼܹ֮ͬ꣬⣬ֵΪ壬ˣϣʵ˷ԣǸˣ
ҶǲҪ飡ʱǻɫĿҶЩ콣ڵӣվɹǱˣҲҪйĺң콣ڵȫɱҶ
ǻԵĻЩԭ˫ҵ콣ڵӶʱһѪӿȻҲľͼԼĳȻͬһĳҶȥ
ʱԭһҶĻԣȴԱȳҶʱüٶȳ˶ȥУͻȻһû˫˫ȣһϢʱ䣬Ѿʮɿ⣡
ϲһĻõڳԼ޶סˣԭҶ콣ڼҲͣԭأȻһƬհס
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ԴʱûҲˣΪ֫Ѿѩ۶ˡ
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ΪлԵıߣȫĻսʤԷаյģ֪ѩô⣡
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һԵҶʱкѻ走ɱǵֲңʮɽޣǲȥңЩɵ
ʱ΢΢վǿȥˣһҪ׼֣Ҷۼֿ죬һǰȻӦ֪֣޼£޼£Ҫʦõֵ𣿡
ֵ벻ֵõ⣡΢΢ֱҶҵͬţҲܿǰ޶ԣ𣿡
ҶˣЩ콣ڵ飬ǰŮȴ壬һ̣Ҷ֪˵Ůɵиˣ
ÿһ˶ԼԭΪ׼Ҷ֪ԼӦԼԭ׼ȥ˵ԭ׼뵽⣬Ҷÿ˵·ȻҲˣȥԼΪԼԵ°ɣ
ÿһ˶Լѡ񣬶ÿһ˶ҪеԼѡĺȻϿǰŮӣϣԷܹţǣضԷѡ
ôأʱǲռ΢΢ʱԴһܶɵ£㣬ȻѣΪʲôأҪȥİ˵ţæ΢΢֣΢΢ȥˣ
΢΢ҶһۣȻԥ˱ձסֱۣһǳȺս콣ڵӪ֮С


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ȻҪȺ֮ʱѩӰͻȻǰ΢΢ü΢û˿ԥгѩǴ˹ȥһ̳Ȼŷ֮ǽ̺Ŀֲѩɫ΢䣡
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Ӧ죬Ǳţѩ΢΢ֻǿϧȻʮɽɱʮɽޣǾͱڻȥˣɣ

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ҶĻһԵŮʱĬˡǽҶ𣿴ûУԭʵ̫̫ˡҶż棬ǱˣҶġ֮ǿҪһʱദ־ȤͶȻʱĳ£γɵġ
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ѩ˫΢УȻҶĪҪΪưһǸԪͯΪԼжǿҳϣﵽ߾֮սʤ֮䣬ǣʱ쾳Ǿ仰ٴδ߶Ҳܹɱ㣡
ԣҶ
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ѩһ̣ҶһһؽƷУȻת˵ڵһ˲䣬֮еӿ֮Уˣؽһ˲ӿӳ֮ϣȻڼǳѩ͵һ
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ҶѩԳԺ󷽱ˣܿ죬ͣ
ʱҶɫΪأΪɣѩ˲ɡˣеǱʱѾֻʣ˰أǵģѩȭͷײһ̣Ǳһ˲䱻Էֲˣ
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ʱѩɫҲ΢΢أΪ֣һֱеСҶˡȻǰֻ˲ɵʵɵʵҲһ쾳ֵܹİȻʵȴǣҶֵסˣˣ
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ѩ𾪵һԵ΢΢ǲգѩʵжǿǲ֪֪ǻԵʵжǿǻԱ΢΢ʵȴѩгŲϢʱ䣬Ҷȴܹѩսƽ֣
Ҳ˵ҶʵԶʤ
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һߣѩԼȭͷһĽۣɫأǵ糤ĽۣǰҶɵģù෽ۣȻЩûãΪǵ̺֮Ľ⣡
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Ҫγֻ˸ʱȻطһڵھʱļΪãȻһڵǲģҪγѩڤҪϰ˵ܹγɡ
һӴˣͻԶ˵ڣȻƻԷڵһĿֲƻ޷ݻ٣Ҳ޷ݻģ
ѩɱһ߾ǿߣ
߾޷ֿȴǶҶһöûѩɻˣ

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Ҷ׼˵ʱһӰͻȻسҶǰţһͬٶĨҶĺ
ͻıʣõ΢΢Ůɫһ䣡ȻǴʱȴΪΪǵӰֵʵ̫ˣֵٶҲ̫ˣ쵽ǸûзӦѾҶĲǰ
ǽߵҶ¶һĨ鲻ԽЦݣǸոģ󣬾;ϲķ֣ҶȻˡҶΪʲôˣû룬Ҳȥ룬ĿľɱҶھõʱ
Ҷֲһû֣ʹȫһΣġֻҪԼذ׽ӴҶĺҶӸϣֻҶƤһ㣬ҶͱɣΪذͿǧֶҩ϶ɵĳҩ
ֶҩ˵һ쾳ߣ߾ǿˣûõҩĻҲǱɵģ
ڣذѾҶĲֻвľ룬ʱҶʩչҲ޷㿪ģҲ˵ҶǱɣ
ȻʱҶƤϣͻȻһ㱡Ϲ⣬ϹͬƤһ㣬ҶļҲʱذҶĺԣϹһܵĽӴ

һڳȻסˣΪ֣ذ׷·һ㣬ֱ۶һ飬һŷ֣Ҷ֪ʱһ㱡Ϲ⣡
һʧʱһֻɫСһ׵ĳǰɫСһ￴գգۣȻ̧Сצ


284 ǣ
ֻͻȻֵСһ̧СצжȻһΣյĸоû˿ԥһź汩˶ȥ˵һ̣һɫ⻡سԭվλã
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ʱǵɫ⻡ͻȻʧԭأһֱ̣ӳǰ󺧣Ҳʩչ˶ȥ˵һ̣ɫ⻡ƾճı󡭡

ͬԼɫ⻡ײȥһ㣬šһҽУֱӱɫ⻡˳ȥ
ҶôܷŹôõĻ᣿ڶαʱϣȻνǳһ
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ڵϲϢʱ䣬ͻȻͬһֻʳıһ㣬ԾȻԶȥһѸٵ
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ǵģڵڶαϹеʱͺԥĽһƷԼϣҲƷűסԼһܣ
ڣֻһͷǾƴܣܳʮɽȻҲɱҶڡɱ֯ռҶУ֪Ҷһֻصޣʱû£ΪԼģ˵һֻޣһֱޣҪӵĻԷҲֻܸɵۣ
Ȼε¸ˣֻصСһʲô޸ֲʮΪصСһǰΪһöûˣԷǹĹҪֲ
һ뵽ǹĹǻ鲻ԽĴһʱѾҶĴɱûֻصСһҪɱҶлģֻصСһڣһᶼû˵ᣬһ㲻ãڶԷУ
뵽⣬ٴμӿٶȡ
Ȼʱǰ棬ֻصСһͻȻسֻصСһ￴գգۣȻ̧Сצ
״ʱ˫ԲǾ׼תܣȻиͷʱСצţһ״ɫֱӳΧ
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룬һһ֣ͳһ׻޳֡
СһһҶǰɫ֮еҶЦЦȻԭ㻹ţԭΪɱģȻûɱǾʹǲˣҲǲԣشҼ⣬Σ
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Ƥһȴû˵

û˵Ϊ֪ҶҪʲô⣬ЩȴǲܻشģΪһشͽ֯޾׷ɱɱ֯֯ɱʧܣѣ
һѣǾԼӵĺǣǶŹԼ
ǣشھͻ
ŶԷɳĬҶСһɱˣ
ҶĻСһʱСצȻҲľһӣȻһϹֱӳ˹֮УѾ˵˹ȥ
һɲھѿڶţ
ԣҶ׼˵ȻȴѾˣΪǵϹѾϡ
䣡
ٴαĵ˳ȥǹϺݺײһºָ˻Ȼڵһ֪
˿ҶȻ¶һ޹ı飬ƺ˵Է˵̫ˡ
ҶεҡҡͷȻɫ֣ߵԺ󣬲鿴Ȼãпڣ˵꣬ҶȻСһûʲôܹԺˣҲҵĻ
գգۣСצ°ͣ˼ãСһ۾һȻСצŵϵһӣʱڵϵüͷʹ֮ɫ
ܿ죬ҶŮ㵵Ŀ֮Уһƹغɫ֮лƮ˳ȻҶǰ
ǣһĻһԵ΢΢СһͻȻʧȻܹ˵Ļǣ㣬⣬ôܣôܡ
ǣҶüͷһ壬ѵ˵ƺɫɱֵĻǣ


285 
ʱ΢΢Ƿǳ𾪵ģӦ˵𾪵Ըӵĵز߻ǣ˶֪ġȻ˶֪ǣһûʲôطķĻǲܿüƿԼǵġ
ⶫҲЩ翵ģΪĵȷȷ˵ڣǣȴܲ޷ٿģ
ܹٿԼǣܹûǹģڤ⣬ֻһܹǾǴﵽ߾ĳǿߣڤܹ֮ΪǱͲˣǻꡭҲνĹ
߾ǿǱΪʵͨ죬ﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȣ˵ԼĻˣԼ˶ܹ۲һ
򵥵˵ܹһ˵ĻֱӰģֻл߾ǿڤЩǰֻСһﲻڤģǻʽޣȴܽһ˵ĻǸӲķ
⾿ʲô
СһｫɱֵĻǳҶȻЩ𾪣ȴû΢΢̶ֳȡΪǰϦ¾Ȼ²ϦƻǼٵģҲΪȻЩ죬Ҳʲôرϡ£
ԺͻԹҵĻǰƱϹĺɫ壬Ҷʵ
˵СԴ
ΪʲôأҶʡ
գգۣҶ֪ҪôȻҶʵѱ
ΪƻǣԺһ֮ǰɱʱһԵ΢΢ͻȻǣǱΪһ壡˵⣬΢΢ӵĿһۣżȴӲһҲ˵ԺƾһӰǣֻҪһǰ˾ͻʹ࣬߾ǿ߿Ҳܲˡ
ôҶ۾һȻԡ˵ţҶһһƽֱӺƺɫ֮ϣ

ʱԭڵϵͻȻһ˻ѷεĲҽȻͬϵٸһ˲ͳ׵Ťǰģ·𱻼ֻһ㡭
Ҷͻıһܿ죬ЦΪӴԺһ߾ĳ֣⻹һɱ֣
ŵʹ΢΢һỊ̃ȴû˵ʲôΪ֪ҶбֶΣ´ʱҶѾڶԷˡҶˣɱֿ¶ǲŹյģ
潻֣Ȼη壬һ뵽ɱǹصЩ
˷һҶתͷСһЩСһȻΪʲôǰأǵģСһĻͿպö೬ˣ㲻շ೬ַ֣ԷĥҲǺõġ統ٻǸ
ҶĻСһʱ¶ί֮ɫȻСצܿ죬ҶˣСһ˵ǰܹ֮Ϊʵˣ
֣𣿡ʱ΢΢ͻȻʵ
򣿡Ҷüͷһ壬ʲôط
㲻֪򣿡һԵĲŴۿҶһҶǰ׳յģ
һԵ΢΢ҲЩסȻû뵽Ҷ򶼲֪
ŮĿ⿴ţҶЩգµԸ꣡
Ҷģ٣΢΢ŹֵĿҶһۣĵ򾿾Ƿյ˺̶ֳȡ
Щ΢΢ߴ½Եλܴɢ󣬾ͷֳ֮Ϊû࣬סȫޣҲ˵ޣȻסޣʵѪ࣬ʮɽܹȵģҪ֪֮УϹĴ޵ģ
ԣҶһݣϹĴޣҲ˵֮Ŵ˵е壿Сһһط
΢΢ٴθӵĿһۣȻֹʽʵ̫죬룬Ͽûʲôǲɵġ˵͵֮ӦǷǳģ콣УȴûϣҲɻĵط
ҶתͷСԴȻСһ𣿡
գգۣȻ鿪ʼתˣҶ״εСһСԴȻˣͷˣҰɣ
Ĭ˰ΣȻ˵СԴ뵽ʲôҶļϣȻСԴ˲Ҷա
ͷһԵ΢΢Ҷ̾һԥ£ȻȻ֪ΪʲôҪ㣬Ҫ˵ǣ඼ǼΪӵģҲ˵Щ֪Ļ»д鷳
鷳ҶһЦҵ鷳Ͳ٣ڶһΣֻҪСһԼԸߣ˭Ҳֿܽ໹ޣ˭Ҫôһϣ
ҶĻͻȻһɫâҶգգۣȻСԴֲ˲Ҷա
ٴţƤ㣡ʱһԵĲյǲ֪ЩһĿֲҪ֪ǵˣͲô˵ˣ
ҶЦЦȻҵСһ𣿡
նʱСһǰۿģ䣬ֻд˵е޷ܹٶϲǰСһ޻ֻ࣬Сһǰ˰ǰ򰡡
˵ιսҲ𣿡ҶͻȻʵ
Ȼᣡ΢΢ǹϵˣȻģ˵⣬΢΢뵽ʲôҶһۣȻ̾һ˹սȻЩ֪Ļд鷳
ҶЦЦȻСһ𣿡
СһܹϵҡҡͷЦϻûµأ
ҶЦЦҲ£
һԵ΢΢̾һԥ£Ȼ֣Ǳ츳ʵЩûˡ֪ûȤǰأ
ȥ򣬼콣ڣҶʵ
΢΢˵ͷԸ콣ڣҿԱֻ֤Ϊŵӣڻȫ֣ǵҩǹ콣ڶõģ
˰ɣҶܾҾãɽʲôģǿסģҪĻֻҪԼǿǸȻһ仰Ҷû˵Ǿ콣ЩӵĵУʵǱӵĺܣ콣ڵЩ߲Ҳʲô
Ҷܾ΢΢˵ʲôҶȴ˰֣ȻһӣƷƷз˶ŮǴʮɽܲȫȥսɣ
ӹŷ΢΢һȻҲеģⶫ˵ҲǺ󣬵ƷľͲһˣƷķʹҲŪģǰҶһӾóƷǡ


286 ⶾ
ӵĿһеŷ΢΢̾һ֣Ĳڿǿ𣿡ĲҶ츳Ǳ콣ڣǶ콣ڻǶҶ˵һ£
Ҷҡҡͷٴξܾȳĸףĸǰ򣬵ڣĸ׻ڰٻţǾǰġ
Ҷٴξܾ΢΢һĨʧôһϣܹڿǿǣʲôʱͨˣԸǰĻսң
ҶЦЦûھܾ
ҶҲҪȥսȻˣһȥɣʱһԵĲͻȻ
΢΢ҲҶ
Ҷһһڵϻڳ鴤ŵȻҡҡͷȥɣһЩҪ
΢΢˵ͷǹս
սҶЦ
΢΢ߺҶתڵϳ鴤ŵʱȻڳ鴤ţ۾ȴģֻԹļɵȻʱ޲óҶ⣬ҶѪ
еԹҶӦҲ֪ԼڵĴҷϻ˵֪һСҪ٣ΪĻ
˵Ҹʹ죿˻ŵ
ʹ죿ҶвһĨĻΪʲôҧԾֱԱȻǾͱǰװˣ֪˵ǲͿԼıˣ
ĬˡȻǲģȻڱסһ̣ӦԾ˵ġûУҲ˵ţ֪ҪҪζű֯֯ʵҲ͵ֻѡ
Ҳ˵Լһλʱ䣡
뵽⣬˫ۻϣȻ֪ʲô
ԣҶ۽һһȻ˵ԷֱǰɱǲģԷ֮㣬ӦʲôԭġȻûȤȥ֪ЩʲôԭֻҪԷɱ൱ڶһɱСܣ
һӺ󣬵˵һ仰ҶɫѿΪĿУ֪ɱģǹԪ߰ٻǽڣ
ڽڣҶȻԽÿһøУǿʫϣ潣顣Ȼڲûаĸж֮ģζɱģΣֱɳɱɱ
ڡҶһǱ֮ɫһΣٻͬһλˡ
ôңʱڵϵͻȻ
Ҷջ˼ֱңӦòһ˲ǣ
ȻһЦ֮ɫҵĳ˶ûôأ
ˣҶü
֪ԼҶһ֮䣬ûУҲڰӣ³֪ɱ֯ɱֵģģɱǴСʼҲרЩʮµСǻѰʺõСֻҪǾͻὫСߣȻСʼΪЩСΪһͷβɱֹߣЩСɱ׵ˣ
ɱԼ֮ˣҶɫ΢䣬ɱ֯δҲ̫̬һɣ
ɫʲôΪ˿ЩδĶɱ֣ǴС͸ЩСһҩҩҪǵÿһûнҩĻǻǰָо
ô˵о綾Ҷüʵǰ˵ıһȤûںһ㣬ǾǶԷܲܳΪԼĳ֣
ǣû
ǵĻҲ˵ûһֵඣҶڵˣȻͬ飬Ȼǰ˵Ǳ磬ǵˣȻǵˣǾԽԽãöԷ磡
ôҶһͬĿУԼͬģΪԼʴȣǶԼֽ̡Ҿ㣬㷴͸һɵ飬ҶǾģ
ƤһԼǰһ˵ˣǵģ֮˵ǷϣõҶͬ飬ֻҪҶͬ飬ǽԼֻҪһЩɣҪͲʲôˣ
ڣǰҶûа֮ͬģΪûüֵҪɱ⻹𣿻
һɱɣȻɱɣҶ
ʲôΣȻܹұģ
Ҳ㱨ҲҵģҶ
һ˵˶𣿡ܹǾʹҲɱһҿΪϵɱΪá
ԣҶЩĶЩ߾ɱֵˮ׼ģôһ֧صɱֲӣǶԼ˵һĺ£
ɱ֮֯Ǳƿţ⣬ҲƵķƿǣԸ𣿡Ҷ
Ը⣡ԥɱ֯ЩԱ˵Ų֮Ǿ綾ţɱ֯а˳ϵɱֻѳɱܹ֯ǵĶұ֤ǿ϶Ըƣ
ΣҶҡҡͷЩǽǽⶾĻϣǣǾǽⶾȻҲ֪еʲôɱ֯ȻܿǣҲʲôɫɣ
ԣĬˡǵģҶ˵˵ЩǽҶǽⶾĻϲУҶǽⶾһжǸˣ
ʱҶϵͻȻҶǰȻСצ
˵ܽ⣿Ҷ㵵
ҡҡСԴȻСצҶĶӣƺ˵Ǹܡ
Ҷ۾һǰԼôСиˡӷСеڣƺûʲôСа첻˵ģС˵Ӧòʲô°ɣ
뵽⣬ҶȻеʲô
ҡҡͷҲǶǴСǵǵѪҺӦöǶҺ
ԣҶƤһɱ֯Ҳǹ̬ģȻַʽЩɱ֡ȻʱиǾϲΪСܹⶾĻǲʹԺɱ֯ЩɱֺпܶҶģ
ɱΪǽ԰ٻҶˣ
ջ˼ҶߵԣȻִļϣʶڣ鿴ȻˣʲôҪ֪ʱһƻǻأֻҪɵƵңͲʱʲôС
Ҷֱ۽Ӵһ̣жʱһĨâǺܿ죬ƺâʧˣȷղһ˲ɱҶʱˣΪûգ


287 
ʱҶ˽⣬֪ҶȻ˽ľӽûκεķ϶бֶεģһɱҶǵȴģ޾ĥ޾ʹ࣡
ǰʹ࣬ʵǲ볢ˣ
Ҷ˽ľӽǰɱ֣ȻбֶεģıֶȻСһǰ˶⣬߶֣СһڵһʱһϹ⣡
ǰɱֵĹٶСһ𣿴𰸵ȻûУ
֮ҶɫΪ֣еĶĻпֲ࣡ڣӦ˵֮Уȫ־綾˵ʱһˣ
ʲôջԼ֣Ҷɫص
Цҡҡͷ֪ҲѰҹһЩʦ붾ʦûһ֪ʲôҪֶ˽ҩ⣬ҪֶҩǾֻл߾ǿ֣߳Լﵽ߾
˵ֶ߾ǿҲⲻˣҶ
ǽⲻˣҡҡͷǸֶ߾ʵҪֶӦǲѵģǴСͱֶڣֶѾǺΪһ壬ԣʹǴﵽ߾Ҳⲻˣ
ɱ֯ǺúݵֶΰҶһǴﵽ߾ȻһӶҪǿư
߾ԳһЦ־磬һ¶ܳΪ߾ǿˣ߾ܣǻǳΪ߾ǿߣȻǵĿ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷûлشĻʱ취ҪνԷϵֶʣԼֶ裬СеҪȥӦһ׾ٵ¡ǣⶾϣڱϣ
ôˣ
СϣܵвʱְǣҪæǾǲܵġڣҶѾεصСˣǶԷȴǰ㷴Ӧû
Ҳ˵Сгǿ϶ûϷˣСв֣ʣǰˣ
ҶĬнɫΣӦ֪ңһҲڰҪɱ㣬ҿ԰ֶԸ
أҶ
ߣȻҲ֪ҵʲôֶΣ֪ҪɱҵĻֻһ֮䣡һű˶кôΪҪȥɱģ´׷ɱˣ
жٰɱԷҶ
һһûǰѾ˵ǵɱѪɱɱ֮Уһɱ֣ʲôɱǶԷδʧܹȻͬΪ߾֮Ĳ֮࣬𡣡
Ҳ˵Ҷ
ܱϺãȥɱˣҲΪԼ˳ˣ𣿡
ҶĬˣȻȥܶԷԼܲܶһ֣һɱ֣һһӢɱ֣ʵǲ
ΣҶһһܹⶾֻṇ̀»еʹ࣡
ܽⶾ͵̧ͷҶǼ֮ɫܹⶾǴʲôԺɱ֯Ŀƣܹڹ˼ϵĶȻܹɱ֯˳֣ҲԼ˱
ҲȷӦԣ𣿡Ҷ
ȻȻᷴԣһϣҲǲģ
Ҷ˵ͷָһһɭɫУƻڳʱ¶ȶȻ
ɭɫʱͫһΪܹоɭɫ̺֮ĿֲжôĿֲ
ҵķ壬Ȼھ֮һ飬ĸ£ٻڵЩ綾ȻûգΪһŪãܾҪȼճΪһѻҽҶûûεȻɹô㽫ػԼƣ
еѡ𣿡ЦЦѡ񲻽ܣǰҶᵱɱ
ҶЦЦ˵ûûѡΪѡܾҶԥĽĨɱȻΪԼãǵˣǻȥΪã
ָһڤֱû֮Уʱ

һ˻ѷεĲҽʱڳ쳹ȥֱ֪ôֲͬģΪʵ̫̫̫ʹˡҪôʹأô˵ɣʱͺһŻڿһ㣬⿾Ҫǣѵġ
֪ΪǾ綾ʹʹȣǾ綾ʹֱСơ
ɪɪҶüͷһ壬ܲһ㣿ôҲ߾ǿ߰ɣڱֵôɣһŻ𣿡
ԣûιȥʲôһ棿˵ҪҪôûİ
Ҷɲô࣬ڤڲţΪ˲һȥҶ棬治аΪһŪã¾ͻ˲˼ҪˣδһȺɱִҲûˡ
һӺҶҲǳĺ飬ȴ¶ЩЦ⣬Ϊ֣ڤ֮еľ綾ЧڤĵطھѪҺ֮еĶҺ˲ͱޣ
Ҳ˵ʣµľֻʱˡ
Լ˰ʱҶһУһɭɫڴ˳ɵУڤսںҶھ綾Ѿʮȥţʣµǵ㶾Ѿ޷ʲôӰ졣Ҫ׽ЩҺӦ֪ô
˫΢գڣ֮˫ۣһĨϲУܿ죬ƽȻѾ⣬ôˡ
һ߾ǿߵȻԸһ쾳ߵǣ֪ʱҪܣ뷨Ļֻ³ҡ
ܿ죬뵽һ취ǾʱӦ
ĬҶһһһƽƻ֮ϣʱ

һҽڳͻȻ쳹ֻ˲䵹˵ϣ٣һ˲ͳŤΡ
ס֣ңԸ⳼㡭ǿʹ࣬˻ĵ
Ҷ㲻Ҫսҵģ´ΣɲҪ㣬ҲҪĥ㲻ţܿԣ
´ΡһΣ˵ĻˡΪ֣ǰҶûʲôͱ㣬Ҳ˵Ҷ϶ʩչʲôֶΣֶΣǾ綾ӿֲ

ʱͻȻ˳СڵĵļЦ볰û뵽Ȼ³û뵽


288 
ͻȻֵҲһĨ֮ɫǰɵԼĪ⣬Ȼ޼ɵĳǰ
ʲôʲôɵƣǰǣ
ҶҲһ㶣ΪҲû뵽ȻôĳǰԷҪʲô
ۿҶһȻǿڵϵҶϵȫˡ
û뵽һ쾳ߣȻ˵ز㻹Էģû뵽Ҳнհҡҡͷ
ȻǲҶģΪֻҪߣ˵һ쾳ߣܹ߾ǿҲ׷ǹڣҪ˼һСС쾳𣿴ǲҪģ
Ҷûж֣ȤĿͻȻֵɱ֣̫ˣշһ֣һ
ԿɵƵһۣȻǰֻǾıѣڿıǶǿˡֱǸɵƣһͷԣʵ࣬㴦ѵͲΪʲô㣬һڵһʱתܣȴ޼ɵĳ⣬˵ͷԣǶˣ
ԣɫһ䣬ǰԼôûأǰʵԼֻǿȴΪ³뵽⣬תͷһϷʿҶҶϷŰһݣ
ʲô
鲻һ׼ˣȻѾˣܣ֪ʱѾһɫڡ
ǵɫڣһԵʱ¶һֻ飬Լһˣ
ɫڣãԥľǶڻӳһƣȻȴ˿׼ʱһϹȴǹسǰ
䣡
ֱӱɣ
䣬һˣҶǰɱһһͷġ̡Ȼ̸̸⡣
Ҷ£ֻӳ˼ʮϹ⣬ϹЩϹܹʹ࣬ȴȻˣҲˡ
ʱѾһϢǰǱĳ̶ȣǰй֮
û˿ϻҲûҶֱһƻǳ˳ŵģԣǳǵʹ࣬õֱʹ˹ȥһԵֱ
Ӻ˹Ҷʱжʱɱ⸱ģҶһͳһƷϣȻ䣡

ȻܾСצһӣʮϹʱϣȻ˹ȥ
һӺҶƷ£˹Ҷʱжʱ¶׹⣬һ׼֡
䣡
ں䡭
һʱ˹һΣҶʱȴû׹⣬еģֻļɵη壬ȻҶȴǷ·˵˳һ㣬ԥ͵䣡˵һƷϡ
࣬ԣ
ˡ
һӺٴ˹Σ˵ĵһ仰ǣ䣡׼˵䡱Ҷһ㶣ԷȻˡ
ȻʱʮϹȴֺϡιȥһ˲䣬а趼ˣ㻹ô˰磬˰ҪɱңһʹвУвУ
ҶҲһ㶣Լû˵䰡ֻգգۣȻ̯̯Сצƺ˵ϰˡ

Ҷ
˳ˣĿ֮֮ͬɫ̫ˣ
һӣ˹һΣûҶǿǰֻС㣬Ǽɵ־֮ɫֻ֪ôֲҲǲģ˵ʲôˣ
ҶֱӵӦôԾɣҾԲֹ㣡
һ飬Ծ
ûһģһ͵أοأȻѡ˻ѡҶǸˣȻǸԻǸֶһ֡һǰսĵӣֶһƣ
ڵ֪ҶܹԼⶾжҶĵִʱʧ࣬ȻⶾǻҶܱԼ˵ĺãҴӽԺܹɱ֯ˣˣǻܶɱ֯ˣ
򣡡ʱͻȻ
Ҷüͷһ壬ΪʲôŴǰսء
򣬻ɱ֣ȻǵʵûôǿֻǷ˾쾳ǵǱȴǼΪǿģܹǽⶾĻǿ϶ԸΪЧģһǲ֣ܹɱ֯ʵ
жٰңҶʵ
ųϣɱ֯Ųܹ֮ɱ֯Ŀƣǿ϶ǲܾġֻһǺпܻΪɱ֯׷ɱĶɱܻ֯ɱҲ߾ǿɱɱǣ
ҪҶǽ˹ս˹սҲܶǳ֣
ô˵ͬˣʵ
Ȼͬ⣡ҶЦ򣬾ܵȥѰɱ֯Щɱ֣ȻսңǵҪԽʮɽǰսӦòʲô¡ֻҪǽսȻа취ҵǣ
㲻𣿡ʱһԵͻȻ
Ǹ𣿡Ҷʵ
һʲôҵģֻҪ뿪ֻޣ㻹ҵǲɣ
ҶЦЦ㾡ܿԣ
Ĭˣǰһ˿룬ǾҶǵķҪģҲ˵ӦҶһʱҶܿǣڣҶ̬֪Ҷķܾơ
뵽⣬жһĨɫǲҲɱƿأ룬ĸԸȥ˴أǸûѡ񡭡
֪룬Ҷԥ£ȻֻҪʮɣʮ֮һϵĽƣָɣʮ˵ѾˣΪţʮ֮ȫҪκδ֣
棿ҶĻ͵̧ͷҶ
ȻҶ˵ʮʮ꣬ȻʮǶΥҲ⣬ҲͲʮˣһҿܾͻʧ
Բᣡæ֤ʮ꣬һͨ˵һ£Ƕһ˵գۼ¶ѣ


289 Сһѣ
ˡŶԷƻǣҶȻ¶ԷߣʲôΪֻҪһ֮䣬ʹԷҲԣȫ¶ԷˣʲôУһȥأ
׵֮ϣ·ǲСɽ壬Ҷ˼֪Ʈ˺δȻɱֵ͵ϮȻҪڲǰսڹսҶҲЩģϾǾۼߴ½
һεϻϣǶǲμưܱȵģ
ҶҲʶʶЩ뿴Լൽж
ȻûսĿġʵҪĿģٻεĽ棬Ҷ̵һǾʵ̫̫ˡ˵ٻԿзʦᣬص۹ʼʣͲ֪ٴˣ
ǰзʦʼʱԼԺأԺԼܹϣڱ𣿴ǲܵģ
ԣҪȳĸףǻÿԼֻÿÿ뵽ٻȻУҶǱж츳жǴʱڰٻͬһֻһ㣡
ĸףֻȡУ
Ҷ׵һٻȻҲе˵ģص۹֪ĵˣ˵ĵ˾ѣҪԸٻǾֻȥۼЩٻгĵж
ȻԼҲҪԼģԣǰŻѡ¶ڤȥⶾܹɱ֣ԼշЩޣδԿٻȻͶ˼ְˣ
ҪշޣǾֻԼ磬СпٳɳԣڽһʱҶʼ˷ʯǲȱģƷʯҲһЩԣԺ޹˼ɵ
˽һʯҶڽˣһΣƷﵽ쾳Ʒ۷壡
ڣֻоһܹ߾ûһʯҲǲУ
ԣҶֻʱ߾뷨
׵֮ϣҶ˫ۣ΢΢̧ͷԶƣһ֮Уε𺳡
ʼʯڣһҲʮѣʮ죬ȴƷƷ۷壡ʮֱȼٶȣδҲ̫һɣ
ҶȻ֪˿磬϶СѲ˸ϵģҲΪˣҶˡСоʲôʲôӷСеڣСƺܵģûܽģ
ڤСǰûһ˿ʵĪĻԼʼЩ۷ȻûܹڵСУСоʲôΪܹӵ˿ֲֻʲôԼûзֵ
ȻҪһǣΪʲôԼϣ
ҶЦҡҡͷЩ⣬ǰûÿζûнһҲһûһǾ仰ֻҪСвͺˣ
ͨҶվһһϹǰ
Сһ㻹ʲôͨûҶʵСһÿһνףһЩµҶŻдһʡ
գգۣ룬ͻȻ˫һȻСצҶһӣûϹ⣬ʲôҲûУȻȻҶֱӴסˡΪ㵵ķ֣ϵϴļöɽ䲻ˡ
Ҷݺݵع˹Сһ㣬Ūȥˣ
գգۣȻСצһӣ뼸öɽʱҶǰƾճֵɽҶٴδסˡΪûЩɽôֵģ׾ǰҲϾȻ£
Ϊɽ䣬һ˿ӡģǣɽʧһ̣ҶĸоǾӡʧˣ·ǴûֹƵģ⣬Ҳֲ̫һɣСһǸһȻԼôһֵĻ
뵽⣬Ҷųһ亹
㣬㻹ʲôµѹסе𾪣Ҷʵ
룬ܿ죬ֿʼӶСצˡСצһӣֻһɫҶǰҶ㵵Ŀ֮УСһٻСצСһСצϵػ裬г˼һĻ
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ҶԭΪԼѾ졢ˣСһһȣŷֱ֣ǡˣٶȵĻСһһŰٶȣӽӳ֣ɫҲȫģ
ȻСһһҶɵģû˷ʤ¾Ԫͯûͷѣ
ʱȴٴλСצȻ󣬽ٵɫҶǰȻҶǴľı£һٵʼ֮Ҵٵһ⣬һֳǣǰ㳡
ҶͷƤЩˣ
ƺ̫ˣСצϻţСצ裬һٵʼڿ˸ָĹ콣󣬵ȻҪǣЩûй켣ѭһһͽ󣬵һ̣ͽֱӳΪһ԰ͽ󡭡
ǵģֱγɣûи̡
Ҷ֪СһѧϻĽ۵ĻСһĹֱ걬ϻڵĽ仯ٶȣٶȣ¾߾ǿ߶޷ܲ˰ɣ
ΪĿռһ壬꣬ȴѾӵ˹Ŀռͨʱһ̾ϢͻȻ׵֮
Ҷɫһ䣬Ȼ˾Ȼûܹ֣ʵ뵽⣬ҶʱٴУһϻУͬʱӿ
ʱҲͣǻСצ۾ܲգһգƺ˵Ϊʲôֲ˶Է
ʱһͻȻس׵֮ϣʱҶʱһΪ˲ǱˣǵƣҪлʮɽˣ
ʱһٵɫͻȻʧԭأһ̳ʱѾ˵ǰȻСһﶯˡȻ˵ûСһﲻˬˣ
һĻҶжʱһ׼ʱȴ΢΢һЦȻͣ
䣬ֻǰٵͻȻͣ˿У·ʱ侲ֹһ㡭


290 ޻ʣ
˫ۣһ˳˳ĿǰˣȻǰһָ𾪵ˡ
𾪵ĻҶǰ֪ǰʵǿû뵽ǰ˵ʵȻ̶ֲֳȣΪʼնûֻ֣ƽƽ˵һ䡰ȻСһǿֲһٵɫôסˡ
ʲôֶΣ˾ʲôʵ߾ǻ߾
ѹסеɻҶǰּˣ
΢΢һЦȻǰһٵֱʧˣͷ·δֹһ㣬һԵҶиˣ
ǰ˵ʵʼʣҶа
ҶһĨ֮ɫأƷ۷壬ѾһޣǽͨСӣˣ
Ҷҡҡͷȥ⻰⣬֪ǰǰν£
Ŀ⿴һĨ֮ɫΪĳףȴѾֻ̤ףӵ˹Ŀռ츳ͨѪ֮Ե𣿵Ľ
գգۣû˵
˵ʲôԥãվʲôҲû˵ֻص̾һе벻ʣһԵҶܹܵ
㣬Ҷšǰʵ϶ǲʼʵģܹύǿߣ˵öԷǷԼһ飬Լպ԰ٻȻͶһ뼸ֵˣ
ˣҶԥ¹ϵǰǰСһ룬ӦòǵֻСһɣ˵⣬Ҷ˶٣ȻǰʲôطҪСһģֻҪСһΧ֮ڣСһﶼһԣ
ԣһ⣬ЩԵ棿˵ֵܴ꣬
ҶЦЦһ䵽ҶļϣȻСצҶĶ䣬һģ
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Ҷҡҡͷǰ˵ҪСһʲôɣɲɵһԷҪСһһ£
ļһЦЦȻİɣҲΧڵµģֻʣôģ˵꣬Ŀ⿴
ҶüȻǵĿľһ仰˼ãҶǰĿӦòǵһ仰ɣ
࣡ЦЦȻɫûǿ£ӦãҲܳġˣҲ˵˴Խ·⣬֮䣡
ǰҪԽ磬ӦòѰɣҶʵ
ǲѣ˵ֻǣ뿪޵۹»֮ͱ𣡶ڹһЩʱգҾҪȥ·ǳɹʧܣҶ򣡶ʱʮɽ֮ڼƵ޿¶Ϊū
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˵˵ͷȻ֮ల£ǣվһһֵġ޵ڵԼʮɽ֮ŵر̰Ըô᲻ģľͻᶯ֣ڲ֣Ϊڣǲڣʮɽ¾ͻΪĺ԰
ԣҶЦЦȻԼҲ࣬ȴòϣǰ˵Ļеģʮɽ޵ڵŵر˭ܲģ
а취һǰ򣬶򣬱ʿԴӦκ£˳
ʡ֣ҶƤһǰɾ޵۹޻ʣ
˵˵ͷ޲ϲ˵Ļһ
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뵽⣬ҶתͷȻȴǸһˮҶ޻Ŀ£ҡҡСԴʾ޷
ҡͷ޻һĨεʧ૵ѵҪһ壿
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ҶʻС˲Ⱦһɫ۾ʱֿʼתˣȻش⡭
ҶСһСԴȻˣ¶˵Ҫ
ԣƲƲС죬ȻСצ
ھһܺҶ֪ΪʲôˣԭȻΪ̰桭
˵Ĵ˼֮УȺ֮зһսһεսȺ֮гһصĿռУΪ̰棬Ȼ˲ע£һ¾ռ֮С
Ȼٴγʱİĵطˡ
㶮Сһ˼ҶʱЦãռУСһȻҲҽ룬ǿռ֮еΣգ¾߾Ҳռ֮а
һԵ޻ҲҡͷһЦȻҲû뵽СһġҲռУֻ˭ҽ룿ռ֮УеΣֲ֪ģһŪã߾ǿ߽ȥ˶ᱻ˺ѳɷ飡ȥ˽Ҳ˭֪ռлὫ㴫͵ʲôطȥ
ܵ˵Ǩһˣ޻εҡҡͷ׼ȥȻʱȴͻȻ޻ʵǰȻһƮ޻ʣģ޻۾ˡ
Ƭ֮޻Ŀ⿴ҶҶΣֿȻĻΪȻѡ;һˣ˵⣬޻ʳ£ȻһǷԳΪĸӹ壿
ǿ޼壬Щ޼޵۹ЩܹȵģЩóȻûʲǫ̂ĻǾԻΪЩ޼ūġΪһʵǿȺĸӹ壬Ϊӹȴϣ
һΣĬˡ˼˵Щϼһ˼ǿ϶ǲеģΪЩѪ̫ͼˣѪͼʹЩ޵ǱͣǱͣʹЩպɾ͵͡
򵥵˵ǣЩΪӹе㶪
֮ûܾΪ֪Щޣǰ˶ҶζʲôҶʵ̫̫ˣЩǰȴÿ԰ﵽҶ


291 Ͻսף
ĬΣҶһۣȻ˵СԴ޻һϲʱСȴִһơ
һᣬ޻ĿҶһۣȻСӣĺˣԵõϿɣ˵ֿҪҴӦˣ
˵СԴȻҶС¶һǳǳЦݡ
Ȼ֪Сһ޻˵ЩʲôҶ֪ǰ޻ǸҪ󣬿϶СһΪˣСһӦƻΪԼ뵽⣬ҶһůܹСһҲԼˣ
ҶĻԲཱུС϶ʱ¶һõЦݣ漴һҶļϣͷ˲Ҷա
һĻ޻һĨ֮ɫһʼΪҶΪȲѣزŸҶġڣҶ̬֪ʹǰΪȲѣظҶģڣһһ֮ѾֻǵĻϵˣ
뵽ǰԼ̸޻֪¶ԴҶˡ뵽⣬޻΢΢ԥ£ȻҶָһһƽֱûҶ֮С
Ҷһ𡣸оԼƺʲôȴָоѹסеɻ󣬿޻ʲǰǣ
һսף޻ЦսΪϽսסƷȴֻؽƷˣ
սף
Ҷʱһ졣սסװҶЩܵˡѾһޣվףķڻ̬ʲô̶ȣ
ȱ𼤶ˣ޻ʵǰ˵սֻؽƷǰս̫ˣ
ԣҶ΢һЩȻƷؽƷֻһȼҶףһʲôصĲ࣡
£Ҷǰ֪׵Ӧǲ׽׵İɣ
޻ЦЦȷʵҪݻһ߾ǿҲ԰쵽ģǶǺǡ
޻ʵĻҶɿЦȷһҪݻǳ˵Σǰһ
Ȼս׶˵ǼߣǶ˵ڵľ磬ûǷǳģ޻ʵ
ҶҡͷЦЦȻؽƷҲܲôأҶҲÿϾܱûеĺã
뵽⣬Ҷ޻ʱ˱ȭлǰֻͣЩ棬ô׽ɵؽ׵أ
Ϊս׵Ӳһȭ޻ʵΪսףս׵ȴˣû顣սҲֻһˡǿĻϣսͶˣ
ǰһȭļһʲô磿Ҷʵ
޻ʿҶһۣȻ߾һ߾Ȼս׵ĻҲǵֵסһȭģ
ԣҶƤһ߾ǿǰ޻£Ȼǿųһȭû˵߾ǿ޻ǰһȭӲˣҶˣǰ޻ʾǿ˺̶ֳȣ
սԭǿ黯ΪսģܵΣʱڣû飬ս׾ֻһķҲҲ˵ԺҪԼ߶ˡԿ޻ʵ
ԣҶ˵ͷȻӿʱһϽɫս׳ϣͷϽɫս׸ס壬˫ۣ
ϵϽɫսףҶ̲ס˷ˣȻûۼս׵ķǣܹܵս׵Ŀֲ֮ڵǿȣڼϽսףһ߾ǿ˵ˣ
ˣöƻڰɣ޻ͻȻʵ
ԣҶһ޻ʲ˵Ƶˡһ˳Ҷеƣ޻ЦСӣʲò˵㱿ˣ֪ζʲô
ζʲôҶ治֪
ƴű٣޻Цڣʮɽ֮У޵۹һЩ⣬Գͨ裬ҿԵ߾µޡǰǱΧʱóöƣͲкЩ鷳ˣ
߾µޣҶһû뵽öƾȻôĹܣʮɽ֮еޡȻֻ߾£ҲǷǳֲİҪ֪ʮɽ֮еޣǿڼݵģ
ΣҶѹסе𾪣ǰΪʲô
Ϊʲô޻ЦЦһۣȻȻΪӦҲ֪ʮɽ֮У⣬ûʲôֵܹסģȻˣΪβԸ㣿
ԣҶЦЦȻǰ޻Ҳ֪СһһЩȺ¡ȷСһǿֲѪѹʮɽ֮У»ûʲôֵܹסģСһʵ²׵ޣһЩ޿ҲԵֵסѪѹˣ
Ҫǰսˣ޻ͻȻʵ
Ҷһ֪޻Ϊʣµ˵ͷҴӦʼʣҪص۹ȥˣ
޻ҡҡͷԵĻȥˣʮɽɣԱסԼ
ǰΪ˵Ҷü
޻̧ͷϷ΢΢һ̾ص۹֮䲻ͣӦö֪һЩص۹Ѿ죬ѾõԪɵڼʼ׳־𳬼֮ģҲ˵֮ᱬһսʱȴǴȥˣڹսɱβãǻãҪˣ˻Ź𣿡
ԣҶĬˡǰûЩ޻˵ŷ֣֪֮Ѿ˴ص۹֮˰ڵʵУǾǷǵģǡ
ҶЦҡҡͷǰ⣬ˡֻʼйԼȥˣʼʱĸΪĸףұѡ񣡡
޻ʿҶһۣ΢΢ͷҲգȻҪǰǹսǱʾһ컯ϣ㵽ǹսܹ֮һһЩ䣬޻ʶȻֶҶüһ㣬һɿֲָӿҶü䡭
һɾӿҶڣҶ˫ۻΪ֣ʱǰ޻ʾȻǿľ磡Ҷһǿ磬ǿǼпܸԼɲص˺ģصĻܻԼԺֹ߾˰
ǰ޻ʵҪʲô
ϧڸˣֻ޻ǿڹǾ


292 ߾
֪˶ã޻Ȼջ˫֣ͬʱһɿֲƶʱҶӿ˳ܻʵһЦһӣǹɿֲƶʱʧڿСɽ˫۵Ҷ޻һĨ̾
Ϊ֣ǰЩ͹Ҷ츳Ǳˣԭ룬ҶһӵͣǣҶȴǳ˽ʱʱһ߾ǿҲԳס
ǰֻ쾳Ҷȴǳסˣ޻𾪵ͬʱҲһ˿ɻɻҶΪʲôܹܵס˶룡
ãҶ˫ۣڣҶʱһΪ֣ʱѾ߾ˣ죬ŸսƷھȻһףٶȣδҲֲ̫˵ɣ
ûоϲֻ𾪣Ϊ϶ǻԼɲص˺ģ뵽⣬Ҷ޻ʣǰ
޻ʰ˰֣ҶĻСӣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҲ֪ڵʲô뵣ġ֮ǿľ磬Ϊ㱾ΪʵھͶѾԶԶһ߾ǿߣҲ˵ѾΪ߾һ֮ûн߾ֻȱһˣ
ԣҶһֻҪԼ˾ͺá뵽⣬Ҷ޻֣صһȻлǰ֮飬û仰Ļǰ޻ʣҪ߾»жʱ䡣쾳ȥԹսЩʵЩûףڽ߾֮ͬУҶҪηκˣ
޻΢΢һЦлͲˣպһ㣡ֻϣʱܾͺã
֪ǰʲôҪģҶɻǰ޻ʵͨ죬Ȼ˵ҪҶɻ
ʱ֪޻ЦЦȻɫ֪Ӹ߰䣬Ǵ˴ǰսǹǺǧǳ£رǱȥǳеġִӡмǣмǣ
ԣҶɫܹ޻ǿ߶ɵνִӣʲôڣҶ£ʵǰִʲôУǹһʲôڣ
Ƕ֪͸ֻһǰս޻ҡͷЦЦȻǹս֮ΨһһУ޵۹󣬹սΧʮֻһУҲǰǱıؾ֮·ԣ˵ЩѡʱסȻȴǱĿҲ˵ʱ䣬ߴ½
ߴ½ĳŶҶüǺң
ң޻ҡҡͷҵģΪ֮ҲģάģƷһ޼壬ħԼڤȼ⼸ǰû˸ģ
ƷţҶüǰҲƷף
Ȼ޻ʵŶǷƷ׵ģ֪Ʒζʲôô˵ɣǿţԪţǷŵȥĻҲֻƷƷ㲻ϣ
ԣҶһݣЩʲôƷûģԪǼġԪżֳʵѾ𾪲ѣοԪŻԪֳǿߣȻʹˣԪȻҲֻƷ
ǾƷʵöֲ
ܴ󣡡޻ʿҶеĻҪԺлᣬɣͻ֣֮ᷢУ̫С̫СˡʵǱҪһĳţӦûǿԵģ
ҶЦЦĸף뿪ǰ򿴿Ҳǲģĸ׻ڰٻܿ࣬Լôǰ
ҶҡҡͷȻˣǰǰ˵ҪǸִӣǸִǸʲôڣǰƺЩɵ
ִЩ齨ģ޻ɫ΢΢أĿάֹսԼǵ򣬵ȻҪĿǱ֮ǱĸռأֻǴҶ֪ҪһҰռǱߴ½ûķܹԣȻֻܹϰռˡǱ񣬺Ǻǣ޷ŪοοЩСˣ
˵⣬޻ʿҶһۣСӣмǣִǧ򲻿ǣȻʮҲģⲻŻ㣬ǣСӾӵԪܲȥҲǱɣ
ôţҶ
ĳԱĶ߾˵أ޻ʵ
ԣҶһ飬߾ǿأȷ׷ɱҶ¾ǰ޻ʶס
ˣȻ򣬵ɲǴص۹ν򣬾ǲܴ棡ҲǿΪ𣬽ʵҲ˵ֻҪЩ棬óʱó֣ǳ֣һ鷳Ż٣޻ʻ
Ҷ˵ͷȻȻ֪˵⣬Ҷٴζ޻һȻǰ˴εⷬ飬ҶǣǰʲôҪĵطֻҪܼƴǣ
г𱨳жҶ˵ԭ˵ǰ޻ʰΪСһ޻ʶĶ飬ȴǲĨģ飬ҶǱҪģ
޻ЦЦһˣĻҲСһ۹⡣Ҫ£պһ㣬ʱʵ̫ˣ޷ң
Ҷ˵ͷȻȻˣǰΪʲôʱˣɣǰûʲô£ȸˣ
޻ʵ˵ͷȻһɣ䣬޻һӣҶʱʧԭء
Ҷʧĵط޻ʳĬˣã޻һЦȻʼʼʰϹСӣպһ᳦ӶģܹõϹ޿ռ׷棬һֻѵһͫռǷˣͨǺǡϵȣͨʲô
䣬޻ʹһЦȻһʧԭء

֪˶ãҶ˹ҡҡͷ˫ۣǰľʱʱһǰһΰ޴ľ޳ǣΪ˵Ǿ޳أΪųǵĳǽɸߣڿȣʱ߾ͷ
ųǿ˵ҶⱲӼΰƵһǣǴص۹ĵ۶Ȳǣ
ܿ죬ҶĿ˹ųǵ룬룬֡ǡ
Ǻǣһˣǿ˹ţأǹأ
ҶǵĺΰʱһϷͻȻһԴ


293 ĵţ
ҶջĿ⣬ǵԴֻǰ治ԶһȺ˫ۣϷʵؿȺĵһۣҶ֪ȺˣΪȺ˵Ļǲܲʶģ
ҶѾһĹУЩĻôأ
뵽޻ʽĻҶջĿ⣬ȥЩˣȻųŴȥȻûȴͣΪǰĸţ
ߵĳ󣬸ʮɣʮɣҽļΪΪҶ𾪵ķ֣žȻõؽ׽ʯ죡
ؽװһǵؽ׽ʯʯǿǱҪӲĴڣֶǽŶǷǳϡģȻڣȴǱ˳šǷʦҲûôݳް
ѹסе𾪣ҶĿŵϷֻϽ֡šܿ죬Ҷһ𾪵ķ֣ǾվŵĳԵˣ˳ƽ棬ȴ߾ǿߣ
žǸʲôȻҪ߾ǿˣ
Ĭ£ҶĿƣԱߵǵšС࣬Ҳõڽ׽ʯ죬һֽаֵʯ죡ȻҲǼΪ󣬵ؽ׽ʯȣǲ̫࣡
һҲˣҲ߾ǿߣ˵ϢǰҪ࣡
Ҳǿ֣ǡšǡţ
ĿƣҶĿ˵ؽԱߵǵţţҶЩΪǰȣʵЩᡣŸֻвɣɶûҲ˵Ųպùһ߹
ϷǡšʱҶҡͷһЦŵʵ
ҡҡͷҶһţһʱҶʱһ㶣Ϊһ˵ţһرСһҪȥĻǾͱģ
Ҳ˵Ͳţ
Ҷ̧ͷһǸϷʱüͷһ壬Ϊǣţ
ԭسĬһᣬҶҡҡͷǼŰɣʲôԥģ׺Ҷԥŵλ˹ȥ
ʱǰԽԽ࣬ԭȵļʮӵ˼ˡڿҶȥһ̣˶ʱͣ˽ŲȻȫҶĿ⣬·Ҷһһ㣡
ȥţȻѡţһѵƷŵĳţֻҿĺܰҿţҲİֻģĸܹиŵţ
ѵţƵ˵ǱأǱģǱɾͳˣ
ߣ˵أ
ô˵˵أ֮أ˵һŵģǳһߵǵĶܣ
ޣȣһʸ˶ûУһ˶ĹǵģǶ˶˼Ұ
˵ЩûˣſݼһܹܲŰɣûǴĻĿǰΪֹû߹Űɣ
ȷʵûУƷŵЩԼڤ򣬻ħûеԵĿǰΪֹͨŵģһûУ
һûУǺǣڲһ𡭡
ţҶû뵽ôģΪֻǵľüȻôΪʲôҪȥԱǼСأڣΧЩָĿ⣬Ҷ֪νţ϶ʲôģ
Ҳνˣֹܲǰɣ뵽⣬ҶΧЩ˵Ŀ⣬ӿ˽Ų
վԱߵ߾ǿ߼Ҷͽǰ˶ʱƤһһۣûӻ߲деٺأΪǷǳŴʲôԷǶԼʵرĵĻǾԲŵģ

ҶֻвɵľʱһЦͻȻ˺쳹
˸׼ͷȥһƷȻ漴һɫ۵ǹسҶǰ棡
ʮ꣬磬˫ĿǴ޵ǳǳЦ⣬ָȻûп֣ȴܹĸܵϵ
¹ǣһЦǹ𣿲ûñʧţһ꿴һĵţȻǵǵһţţǺǣ˼
ߺˣ
ʱԱߵһ߾ǿǰһȵ
국ȻһЦ޼ڣϣ˳ϣӡʮ꣬߾۷壬Ӧ˵벽߾
޼ڣϣӣ
ҽܣ˶ʱһ꣬Ŀ֮˷ܣ
֮һϣӣ찡Ȼ죬ҾȻˡһ̲סʧ
ҲѹŻʧ̬ôǿ˲֪˲˳Ʒţˣ˻Ǹ֮һܳˣ
ȻԭĻҲ㲻ʲôҪǣɱһ߾ǿߣ
ˣȥ߾ǿߣûаˮֵ߾ǿߣûаˮֵ߾ǿжֲȻôһûˮֵ߾ǿߣȴǱ߾ɱˣ
һսõһսҲһսǳΪܡô˵ܴһʵ
ڶϱ֮УǿʢһҲ˵ܵʵ˵Ǵߴ½һʵȻڤ򣬻ħ֮еЩſ϶вܵģֻȴ࡭
ҽܣʻ߾ǿҲƤһҲϣӵģΪģֻعǣûмϣӵݡ
߾ǿɫȻ΢΢ͷӦ֪ŵв硭ǰ˿˵ǴȻϣԷ֮УΪ򲻽ʧȥһţпܳΪЦ
ȻȰĻŸ˵һ룬ϣӱҡҡͷĻлǰĺˡֻǰӦ֪ǵ޼ڵӣ·ģȻȥˣ޼ڵĵȴǴδηң˵䲻ǫĻǴ޼ڣηţǶ޼ڵ˿޼ڵȴǲܶ޼˵ĻߣţҲĵģ
ã֮һãϣӵĻ߾ǿ̲ס
߾ǿ߱ϣӵһһЩҲ̲סϣ¶˾֮⣡


294 296
ϣӵĻҶҲ̲ס˶Էһۣò˵ǰϣȻȥЩ񣬵ȴ֮У෴Է̹ţ鲻Խضø뾴壡
ϣЦЦȻ󻺲ȥͻȻͣȻתҶҶ󣬵ûǴĻǰҪߵҲţ
Ҷ˵ͷȻôΪʲôţҪȥСأ
ŶϣһĨȤϸҶȻ߾һƷϢǳ񣬲ȴʵЩˡţ˵Ӧǲ֪ŵĿֲɣ
ȷʵ֪Ҷʵһǣ
ϣһ㶣Ȼ㵵㲻֪ŵĿֲ͸ѡߣ
ԣҶüͷһ壬һǵţȻһţΪʲôߣ
Ҷ仰ϣӶʱҶ˴Ĵָţƣ˵ĸĸŵģʦҲ̫ʧ˰ɣȻͷǣ
Ҷ׼˵ͻȻһƷȻ쳹Ҷüͷһ壬ȻҲһԱߺɡ
һԵϣҲɫ΢䣬ȻҲһԱɵľ롣
䣡
ҶϣӸ뿪ԭصһ̣һʮɴĵʱԭվλãһװըһʮɵľ޴ֳԭվλã
˸ӣܵĻͦ
ʱһһ󵶵ӻҶϣӣҶϣһۣӺݺݵһȻ˸ӣһĥʲô֪Ŵү·𣿡
ҶĿ˶ԷһۣȻʼ磬аһʯˣȻηǣȴҲ뵱ԩͷһʯͿԿžʲôˣ
һԵϣӵһЦȻ˵ҶԣҶſһƣ
ʶȤȻүһǣһȻŴ󵶳ȥ
ϣʼ磬ȻԵҶһۣϲ㣡
ʲô˼Ҷü
ϣЦЦȻΪ㿴Ƶļһ³ͲȥǣǣͲ˵òùϲأ
𣿡ҶЦЦȻѾߵǰĿꡣҪžʲôֲģ
ϣӿҶһۣȻҲתͷǿӡ
ߺˣǰʻ߾ǿߵס˿·ȵ
һ͵ز棬ʱһţһֱ۴ֵѷѸٵĳɢ˿
һĻһΪڿӶֵһ̣˸ܵ˵⣡һһأأص⣬ƾоû˸⿸ӣȻҶϣ⣡
껷ΧˣΧأǰǰеĶ¶˼ɵη֮ɫ겻ɵмĿɨһۣȻνҿҲˣүֻ¶һ־ͰסˡҪǴүʩչȫʵǻĤݴү
ĻΧ˶ʱŭɽңܹս֮һǸ֮һûаԣȻЩɵ⿸ĵ⣬վ˳
һ۵վ˳һһֳУӿѸתһȻؾѣȻǣ²ţƷ΢ֽֽ̣
վվ˳򿸵սһʱ䣬еĿֱΪ˹У
Ƥһû뵽ڵһ仰ȻԼΪ˹УһȻ£˶߾ǿߡ˵ֻ˵߾ѣ˵߾Ҳֻܵķݰ
ྲ
ʱ߾ǿͻȻһȣʱ˶һеʱѪ˾æĬ
Ҷһݣ߾ǿߵʵе㳬󣡸ղһȣȻѪȻЩ춯Ӧ죬ǿѹסԱһЩһۣѪˣ
һۼ˯Ҷ΢΢һЦԼˣСһĹ죬߾µޣ˵ˣ
ҶԵϣӿҶһۣҶɫƽûκ쳣жʱһĨɫ΢ƣֻԼЩ˼
߾ǿɨһۣȻ˲ûλ˼ֻλӦ֪һأǾκ˲ɧҪŵ߳֡λʲôԹ֮˵꣬߾ǿ߿ǰĿӣҽһɣ֪߹ţʹʧܣҲΪڵ⣡
겻ǰǰµ˵ͷȻƷ洫𵶣߾ƷսԽնɱһ߾ǿߣ˵䣬鲻Խشһ˿Ե⣡
߾ǿߵ˵ͷȻɣ
𵶵˵ͷȻ󻺲ߵǰߵǰʱͣ˽ŲȻӿʱһɵâɢ˳ϵӿɰɫâԽԽŨԽԽͬһֺհҫۣ
ҲǺɵȻƣʱҶԵϣͻȻ
ʲô˼Ҷʵ
ϣתͷҶȻǳ㵱治֪ŵĿֲĵŵ壿
ҶҡҡͷԸ꣡
ϣԼͷҶҡҡͷǵŶ֪Ȼ͸ǣţ
ĵ𣿡Ҷü
ϣҡҡͷȻˣԼҼΣãΪ㽲ĵŵĺߴ½ǿΪʵϣǺŲǣӳ㣡ĵţݡŽˣǵݾͬ׵Ļӵһ󣬻ǵŻݣһӵȨɱ˲вҪɾסõȡȻҪһΪԼԼŻԼ⣡Ҫ֪ÿܹ֮ŵģǿһ˫ֶĹģ
˼˵֮УΣգҶü
ǸƵĿҪˣϾͿۼˣϣЦȻϣЦҶȴоԷЦЩ⡭
ҡҡͷҶʵأ˿̣ĵЩȤˡ


295 ϲ
Ž˾ͬЩ߹ٹһ㣬Ҳܹ֮ܵеȨֻŵȴֲ࣬еĲ࣬Ժͻ֪ӾͲ˵ˣϣӵ˵˵ŰɣŽǵˣ൱֮еЩͨգڴǿ϶û취ŵŵȵġŽǵˣڹǾסŽģҪÿʮöʯľסãʮöʯһЩ߿һʲСķã
ҪɾסãҶȻ
ȻϣӵⷽԲΨһһУҲΨһȽϰȫĵطڤ򣬻ħЩһ֮󣬱˵ʮöʯʯҲɵģ
ʲô˼Ҷ뱩ǰһһ٣˵˵Ĳ岻ȥԴЩ
ϣ̾һȻ㾿ĸĸŵģôֵ֪ز
Ҷߣǰһ˵Ͳ֪һȻԷһ٣û취˭ʱȷ֪أ
ϣҡҡͷȻȻԸ򣬵һͬ㣬ǾǶࡣڤ򣬻ħЩһǿɲ֮ܳΪˡı죬仰ӦɣлᣬǻԥɱߵģȻҲǣֻҪлᣬԥɱǣ
֮вǲ׼𣿡Ҷüʵ
֮Ȼǲ֣ܶǹأϣӵƬޱȣԹֱߣĪľ֮أߣ߾ǿ߶׽ɳĮŽħıؾ֮·ɽЩطȻΣޱȣҲڻǱ֮ǰ˶ǰЩط̽Ѱĥڣ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷЩˡǣҶǰȫģǳǣȥЩطѰ̽գûǵıôǻֻܿ˵ʵˡȻǾͱǣ
ֻǲǣȥʵȥɱ˶ᱦ
ҡҡͷҶȥЩģһϵûֻҪԼͺˣ뷨ȻЩ˽ȴΪţû˻ȥҶ
£Ҷʵ⹷أ
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硭ҶҡҡͷŪĸţֻΪ˽˷Ϊŵ𣿡
ᣬ˱ͷΪŵȣϣӵֻӳˡ
˵ҲǣҶЦֻҪԼʵǿĶϣʵǿĶǱĴڣ˵ûֻｫֵĸӳˣ
ϣӿҶһۣ׼˵ʲôʱǵǰͻȻһȣ漴ҽ͵̤أ洫ͬһöڵ㣬űȥͬʱг϶£ǵ͵ؾһʱϵЩâʱһɫǵţ
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һĻҶ΢΢ͷȻ˲ôʵǷǳģԼûдﵽ߾Ҫһ¾ҪؽнɫȻҪ
Ŀ֮Уǵɫûǵ֮УȻǵɫŸսǵŵһ˲䣬֮ͻȻһɫâɫâǵɫŸһӴǰɫű˲䱬ѿǵɫâȴٶȲѾ֮е𵶣
𵶴󺧣Ҳľд͵һ

жȻһĽ
ǵģ𵶵ĵǵɫâӴֱӶ˿Ȼɫâǰһ
ˣĲˣֻ˫Ĵģ΢ţƺ˵Щʲôûˡǵɫâǰһʱ𵶵һ˲䱻ٵĸɸɾ궼ǱֱӺɢҲ˵
ɱ
ֱӴסˣɫâжֲȻһƷصǿ߾ȻӲһֱɱ죬ɫâѵ˵߾ǿߵһ
ҶʱҲޱȣΪʼգûɫâôֵģȻôʧģȻҪɫâǰѾ쾳ʱ߶Ԫͯһ˰
𾪹󣬱һ£ǵģǺ£ΪǰóȻ߽ȥȻͻȻôֲһ㲻ҲŪˣڳ˸𵶡ȻԼܿҪո
ô׺ýģҶԵϣҡҡͷƵʵҲ㲻ģֻЩɵʵȥǵţЩġǷҪţںˣ˰ɡ˵꣬ϣתҶιô㻹Ҫ𣿡
Ҷ׼˵ʱǰϣɫͻȻһϲȻ͵תԶΣţļһôһѵ𣿡˵꣬һɿֲڱӿ˳
ԵҶɫһ䣬һźɡҶ˿һ̣ϣΪģΧʮڵĵʱȥ˽һһĻҶɫ˲ǰϣӵʵȻôֲ
ʱһһŮ˵֮УеӢ棬ֻûһ˿Уͬһ麮һ㣬ʹԶ˶ܸоϵǹɳǵĺ⣻ŮòļһϮȹͬһչһ㣬һֵȻĸо
֮еϹˮ죬ܾȻˣ졭
ˮϣӶϲϹΡˮϲϲϹҲȷϣӿ϶ϲϹεģȻǰô޶˷ôĻأ
Ϲϲ˭أ
֪
ʱͻȻһը漴ֻϣͻȻʧԭأˮȥ
ϣһԲ˵Ϳһ㶣Ȼһ֣⴫ſٰ
ϣһͳ֣ǽϹεŮü΢ȻһҪֵˮǰϹεˮǰϹһȻæ֣Ϲǰһɴͣ
ΣÿһϹε
Ϲ̾һϣܲһ㣿ǰ˵ֻˮѣΪҶˣ𣿡
㲻ϲϣһ㶣ȻЦЦΣЦˣ磬˭ܹ㣿ϲ˭أ
Ϲҡҡͷ׼˵Ŀⲻ俴ҶһĨϲ֮ɫȻһָָҶϲ
ˮһ㶣ϣһ㶡
Ҷȴһ顭


296 ̫
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ҶʱҲЩ£죬Զ췢ģǵһμϹεŮӣһ棬ԷȻͶԼסѵԼѾ̶ֳȣҶȻΪôܹ֮һһϲֻǣϹεŮӿȥҲôͻأ
ȻҪϹԱߵǽϣˮģΪŮ˵Ǿ仰Ҷ͸ܵϣˮĿ⣬ϢסģǼпһ̾ͻᶯ֣
ȻԷνʲôܣҶɲη壬Ȼη壬ҲʵûҪƽ޹аǰϣչֳһʵҶ֪˶֣ӻӡ
ϣӿҶһۣ˹ȻϹΣΣ㣬۹ôôˣ˵˵㣬ϲһʲôãû˧϶ҲûãҺͱʮǧ㣬ôῴء
ȷʵˣһһֱδ˵ˮͻȻͬ˵һ䡣
˵ĻҶߣȴòϣ˵Ķʵȳ࣬ȷʵû˳˧ڼֻһ۵ӳȥԷƷųȣھ硭Ÿս߾ԷѾǰ벽߾뵽⣬Ҷʱֱĸоֻһ˲䡭
Ϲգգۣκ֪ԼǰĻж塭뵽ǰԼĻϹνྻһ죬Ȼϣˮһۣȥˣ˵ϲϵֻСһ㣬ˣ
ϹεĻ˶ʱһ飬ԭϲֻޡĿҶתƵϣʱ˱Ȼѹ֮һϹλʧ̬Ϊʵ̫ɰˣ
ʱѾ˯ѣһ˫鶯˫۵תĴΧˣʱʱСצҶĶ䣬һɾɫëʱСһԵ쳣Ŀɰ
ҶʱɫЩȻǰΪԷǿء֪ˣȻϹûʲôǷ֮룬лЩģȻ˭£¶Щˬģ
ϹεĻϣӶʱһȻЦҾ˵۹ôܱôˡţϲֻСһãܺãСһ˸պú죬ȥŶ
αô鷳ʱһԵˮͻȻ˵һ䣬ȻζȻʧԭأһ̳ʱѾҶǰˣһֱֱ̽ץҶϵ
Ҷɫһ䣬һĨȻҶСһ֣ǰˮǴۣҶҲľǰνһնһҶûʩչ⣬ֻǵ˽ɫȻˣǴʱҶѾ߾һҲǷǳֲģ
һնֻһɫâе˶ûӦ
Ҷνնһ̣ˮüͷ΢壬ɫȴǲ䣬һתץƶȻı䷽һץҶĽץУȻʵϧ
ˮ׼˵ʲôҶȴЦһؽ˲ӳг֮ϣȻг͵һˮɫһ䣬ҶæһɣȻЩˣ֮һһѪ۳֮У
ȻδҶһǼӳؽĳͬһĶһ㣬ˮĺ
Ҷ˵һˣ־֣ڴĹǴ򲻹ֻȴ˵
ҶȻʩչ⣬һأ˶ʱһ㶣Ȼû뵽һֱǺԵҶȻһޣһһ˽Ľޣ
һԵϣҲһĨ죬ؽ⣬ҽǺǣǰЩСˣֻǿϧˣ㲻Ҳòз˰ʶһҸòóְأΪѰ
һԵϹȴü΢ĿҶϵڻʲô
ҶȻҪԼˮɫһ䣬΢ʱһͷɫȻǰָһɫ͵ҶǴĳ

һɫ֮ϣжʱһཻ
ɫ֮ʱҶɫһ䣬Ϊһɾɫ֮˳еĽ˻ɾõֱһ飬Ȼ峯ڳ󵹷˽߰ɵľͣ
ƯˮǰɫҶɫɫ򾿾ǸʲôڣȻؽⶼ޷ֺһӦ죬ǰͻһ
ʱˮȴָһֻɫʱһߣҶȥٶ֮죬Ҷɫ˲䣡ΪǵɫѾײǰ
죡
Ҷ˲䵹˳ȥɳʮɺڵ֮ϣ֪
˾ͷˮֻɫ֪ʱѾǰͬǰǰ΢΢תţͷ·ǰҶɱĲһ㡭
һԵϣӲ֪ʱҶԭվλãˮôƺЩðɣ˶˷ɱ˶ᱦ⴫ȥڿɲ
ˮһԶڵϵҶȻ̫
ϣüͷһ壬ʱһڵϵҶͻȻվһĻ˶ʱĿɿڴǰһȻ֮һˮ³Źһж
һԵϣһȻ΢ƣ¶һĨĪЦ⣡
ˮüͷһ壬ȻҶһûЩˣ
Ҷվ󣬶ǰ챩ЦЦȻֽڻֹҪצСһˮȷʵ̫˵ţҶµʼ磬Ȼ󻺲ˮ
ŶˮüëһǰɫѸٵתһֲϢͬˮ㳯ɢ
Ҷɻˮ
Ҷˮ˶ʱ¶˳֮ɫһ˵һɼĸɽ˵߾֮еߣһЩ߾ǿ߶ǣȻڣȴǳһһƷĽҪս֮һˮ
Ȳ˵ҶݵѾˣ
һԵϣӿҶеȤԽԽŨˣΪҶˣˮԪħһȻûĺɻ󡭡Ҫ֪Ԫħһ߾ǿҲǲӲӵİ


297 ţ
ߵˮǰʮʱҶͣ˽Ųӿţһɫ˳ھ֮УŽɫĲӿ룬Ҷʱһ۵Ľɫâ
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ʱˮͻȻؽ⣬Ҳʲô֮Һ֪ĸŵˣ
ˮĻԱ˶ʱˢˢҶȻҲ֪Ҷһˣ
ҶЦһ
Ҳǡˮ˵ͷһҪ˵⣬ȷʵû壡
ʱϹͻȻʧԭأҶǰϹϸ˿ΣһиһĨ֮ɫȻҶô㣡
Ҷüͷһ壬ʲô˼
Ϲγ㲻Ҫ˵㲻֪
ҶƤһǰŮ˵˼֪ǰŮ˾ʲôݣô޵ģҶҡҡͷȻƺ°ɣ
ϹһĨŭɫһ֮Уû˸Ҷ˵ûзЩǰ£˵ǸҶûж⣬ֻǼɰǳϲֻû뵽Ȼһġ
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𣿡ʱһԵˮҶ
ԣҶ˫΢УЦ
ˮһĨɱ⣬׼֣ԵϹȴǶҡҡͷȻҶǰ£ȷǲԣȥˣ˵꣬ϹθӵĿһҶϵȻǵȥ
ˮ俴ҶһۣһΣɣ˵꣬æϹΡ
һԵϣߵҶǰϣͷβҶȻûȻؽ⣬Ȼǿ̶ֳȣ޷㣡ֻǿϧˣȻǱǱǺСģԺ϶鷳ģ
㣡Ҷʼ磬Ȼϣһۣ˵һ𣿡
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Ҿ㲻Ķ֣ҶͻȻ
ϣӺٺһЦͱڱǰһˣҪԸڤ򣬻ħЩһǰսٻغˣʶһϣһҸ棬Ժ󵥶ǱжԶܶԶɣ͵͵㣬նɱܶ߾ǿߵأ
նɱ߾ǿҶ˫΢У֮ɫȻˬˮòϣˮʵĺֲܿرɫǰȻûӦͷ˳ȥҪ֪ʱѾһ߾ǿ˰
ȻˣǷ˳ȥõһ󷭹ˣҪһǣоһֻˮһҲ˵Էû棬ֻһͽɣ
ûˮ֮ǰΪ֮ͬУκˣǰǲпʵҶʱ߾֮УǺģ
ˣ죬仰Զԣ
һҶѾҪȥǾ֮ѰǾĺ磬Ǳ֮ǰѰȻʱʵˮڲڤؽ£Ǳɵģڤؽ⣬ҲûܹսʤԷ
Ҫ֪ԷƷţ٣ҶĲȻǲģ
ʱУҲ֪ڵЩǴ֪ҪŵϢԳ֮ӿ˳һᣬбѾߣڲš
ţԳһֲĴڣ˵ˣǵţ˶ȥΪֻҪ֮ȥǾֻصĻᶼûУ
Ϲλߵ֮ǰԱߵλ߾ǿ΢΢ͷȻϹΣƷԴ洫ӣ߾۷壡
ߵ߾ǿ΢΢ͷȻѾȷã
ȻϹε˵ͷ
Ǿɣұߵ߾ǿߵ
Ϲһһ澵ӳУ澵ӳԲ״ӱͼھӵıԵһͬĿ̺֮ۡܶӱ濴ȥ澵ƺûʲôرڵĵط
ǣڼ澵ʱλ߾ǿȴɫһ䣬߾ǿ߳ѾͷƷ龳
Ϲε˵ͷǰЦˣû취һ൱ûˮֵ߾Ʒǿһڵľ磬ֻˣ
ұ߾ǿҡҡͷѾͷǫˣʷϣ⣬ĸܹ߹ŵģŵģѾǧûг˰ɣ
߾ǿߵ˵ͷȷʵŵģѾǧûгˣ˵߹ŵģǧҲʮ˶ѣѾͷʵܲȥǵţʮ֮˾ǹģţһǿɾˣʵڲʧһţ
Ϲ΢΢һЦȻлǰѣֻһԣȻһӲĵģ
ԣ߾ǿһۣȻ̾һ漴ÿ˵·ȷʵϹţţһӶһĽģĽڻûʲôӰ죬ڽ߾ʱǿǷǳģ
ԣûٳֹ
Ϲλߵ֮ǰǵţϹɫţϵһϵ⣬ϵľ⣡һ;ûţһССŸ裬һ·նﵽ۷壿
ԣҪţ
һԵϣˮ˶ĬûгֹΪϹεľٶ
һ˲˲ĿǵǰϹΣûʲôȼ֤ŵŵ̼ˣ
ҶʱĿҲϹεϣǵŵĿֲǰǼģʵ˵ûʲôܹ߽ǵţǵֻᷢһȻܹסģǣֻᷢһ
ң˭֪֮л᲻ỹֲĹ֮һ仰ţҲûжٰյģҲǱɣϹһҶҲԼľκεȱݣ
˵Ŀ֮УϹ̧˽ţ̤ǵ֮У


298 ͻ䣡
Ϲθ̤ţ֮бǴһ漴һɫâƾն֣Ϲεȥٶȿĳ˶ûӦ
ǵɫâƾնʱϹαɫŵĿֲѾ߹ΣŵЩϻиʧȻվˣΪԼʵǳţ
ڣʱ֪һֱЩСˣûлͷʱѾû·Ϊ˾ԡ
ϹһĨɫһڣ龵ʱǵɫâӭȥ
˾Ŀ֮Уǵɫâ龵˸ܵĽӴ
ûըҲûʲôΪǵɫâڽӴ龵ľʱֱʧˣ·Ǿ֮Ƶģ
Ŀɿڴſֲһʧˣ
һԵҶҲüͷһ壬ɫâĿֲۼģǿǲһûˮֵ߾ǿߵȫһȻʧˣǾӾһʲôĴڣȻôֲ
龵׷ųƿһйȻûôֲµһ߾ǿߵĹǿյġˣնԷ澵ӻᷴԷֲģ֪ҶɻԵϣӵ
ԣҶЦЦ׷Ҳ˵ǰŮͬ׶ս澵ӣѾڲ֮أûߣ˲ֺ⻹
У龳ǵɫâʱϹβûзɣɫˣΪֻ֪õɫâǿһ㣬һ㣬е龳ͿҪˣŵĿֲȫ
һᣬͻȻ֮ͻȻٴֳһɫâɫâǰǵɫâӴˣٶҲǰǵɫâӵĿ죡
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һԵϣˮ˴ʱüͷ壬вԼͬĳ˵֮ɫΪŵĿֲȫǵԤϣҲ˵ԭϹرĵǣʱڼһĻЩҡˣ
ʱҶڰңǵģңΪǰóȻţڲ֪£ֲһرڶɫâҪ˵ģΣգò˵ŵĿֲȫ
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һᣬͻȻĻ
һˣǿ߶Ӧñ𾴵ģ
ȻΣǸ֮УǶţҲҫ۵ĴڣڣϹһȣǶʱԼ⡰֣ʲôǰϹβǣ
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Ҳ˵㷢˶ԷҶҲöԷûޣͨͷһΣ
˼еҶû֣ϵ۾գѽգСצϣֵϹ⣬Ŀ⣬֮С
һԵ߾ǿҲǵ˵ͷϹδţҲΪ⣬ͬΪˣȻǸ˵ģ
ˮϣ˴ʱҲһǰ˿ĿľսرŵһȫȫǵԤ룬ϹѾн˴ɾ磬Ϲο϶ģ
Ϊһǵܹܵģ
һۣϣӵȣȣ
㣡ˮϧ
ϣӵ˵ͷǾɣ
ˮһ飬Ŀϣһۣ׼ȥʱһϹҶϵȻʧҶļϣһ̣ǳ֮У
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Ҷȴɫ䣬Ҳľͽʩչ˼£һ߱š


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仰ֻҪ߶ǳŵҶҶ˵һ֮Уȷһˡ׼񣬻ưһؽ⣬ͨ
ΪʮɽԵʣȻһ߻ҶǲòϣҶʵǷǳֲģֻһֱԸҶһ֮ǿİˣ
ڣҶȻҪšôΪġǼˣΪʲô͵˵˵ߴʱ֮еĴˣ
ڳģӢţΪģȻǲŷ֣ǾȻ֮Ĵڡ
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ΪʲôѹΪʵΪһŵ˶û
ڣҶȥˣһ̣߶ǳĬôԴҶģһ̣ǶǳĸҶһ̣ĵϣҶܹٴδ漣һŵţȻü
Ⱥ֮УԪͯ£ȻˣǴ֮еҶһĨ֮ɫرԪͯʱû˱ľӵˡƽĶۣǺҶģΪҶõʧȥĴУҲǸлҶģ
ΪưʶԼҶ֪Ĳ㣻Ҷ֪ˣҲҶԪͯʵ̫ˡԾưԪͯû־ǰδеĶ־Ӷһͻ߾ҲΪˣԪܹͯٴαԪӣμ֮
ͻ߾׼ҶѩܣȻʧҶȻһ˴ʮɽǣļƻգֻǼҶսҶֻû뵽ǣǺԪͯȻ˵
ǵģ˹ţԪѾȥţѡǵţȻŵǣԪͯųĴڣȻǵŶԪŸǼ׷ԪͯʱѾˣ
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ЩˣΪЩϣȻʧˣʧܲһ˵ʧܣõ߶̧ͷ
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Ǹų׼ʵҶأͨߵĻһ߶ʱɻ
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ûнͨؽ⣬ҲǼΪֲˡؽĽޣ֮ͬУѷֵģҪƾؽʹţڳ˵Σ

ҶһԣϣЦЦȻأͨ׼ʣǺǡ˼
һ̣ҶĵѣŵĿֲۼģСһȻֱӽУôżԣûκԥǸСһ֮У
ڽŵһ̣ûʲôŵĿֲҲû᲻֮УʱֻһͷǾǲСһһ£
֮УҶŽʱ۾һУ¶һɰЦȻΪҶһġ
Ҷһ飬׼ڻУȻݺݵһʱ֮ͻȻһ漴һɫâٴֶһĻҶɫ˲䣬ȻһǰȻؽӿͬʱνǵɫâ͵һ
ڼʶɫâĿֲҶĸҴ⣿һΣֱʩչؽ⣬ڵĽɫԼ
ؽϽɫҶȫһˣǰƣǼΪֲģ֮һ֮𣬲ˣ֮Ŀռ䣬Ť
һĻһԵˮüëһԵϣӶʱȻؽ⣬ǺǣԭΪĶ֣ڿؽȻսʤ㣬Ҳһƴ
ˮջĿ⣬һϣӣû˵
ϣӺٺһЦȻţ
˵ԣϹһ˲˲ĶУɻɻ󡭡
˵Ŀ֮УҶһɫâݺݵײһ𣬶ʱ˱һĽҶеǱ˲ѳ飬漴һɿֲ˶Ȼɫâཻ˳
䣡
ʱֱӱƷʯͬ㳯ܼȥһƬǽ壡
һĻߵĶʱǰǰͲҶģڲܰҶʧܣڹ֮еĴֻԽԽ⣬ȻԶΪѹĴڣԣҶģڲܡ
ʱҶ֪ǣкööΪĵġ
Ƭ̺˿֮еҶʱǼǱģͷͷ£Ҳǧٿף·𱻼һ㣡ܿ죬Ŀ֮ϣֲֻ֪ʱѾΪʺɫ
ǵģҶ֧ұѾΪʺɫվԵĻͻ֣ᷢʱҶֱ֧ͬĲһ㣬֩ϸСѷ죬һ˿˿Ѫұ֮л
ϹĿҶұϣȻɫ֮еĵһܹģŽǵȻʱҶȴǳһؽ⣬κͽһɫâӲĺ飡
ҶʵȻôֲ


300 ֲţ
һԵˮɫҲ΢΢ȻҲû뵽ҶȻܹƾһؽͽǿֲһȻʱɻΪҪؽͻǿֲһǾܵģҲ˵Ҷǰ϶ʲôֶΣ
Σˮɫָƽ˵ؽ⣬Ҷ潣ͨк壿ΪҶվһƷѣ
֮Ĳ࣬ؽ뽣ֲܹͨģԽƷսЦܹԽƷս
ʱ˵ĪЩˣҶȻӲһŵĹ𾪹Ǳǳ׷ˣǰֻϣҶܹţǵģֻϣҲҶڣˣǾҶ϶ܹٴδ漣
ʱҶɫΪأΪǰŵĿֲһõֱֻ۶ϵ죬Ѿһ߾ǿ˰ǰʩչؽ⣬ڽɫȻˣֱ۶ϵ
ŵĹȻֲ˹
ʱִ֮һƣһĻҶͫһ׼ʩչؽʱ֮ȴͻȻһɫâɫâٶȼ죬ҶûӦѾǰ
ɫâУҶ˫˲ɲǼŤһ˲족һը죬Ҷ˲仯Ϊ˻ҽ¶塣˿Ҷ״ʱ˴סˣ
ʱҶȫ⵽ػȴδĲһ㣬ϲѪۣǵģʱҶȫѾѿѪһᣬҶͬһѪһ㣬ȥΪֲ
һĻһԵϹ΢΢ҡͷҶûҲûκ׼óȻ֮Уܲ𣿲ҶҲ٣ΪϾӲŵĿֲһ
ϹұߵϣҲ΢΢ҡͷ֮Ѫ˵ҶһỊ̃ΪǰǿֹҶ֮еģֻ뿴Ҷʵжǿûгֹ
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ʱɫѿĪЩˣһ̣ҶϣȻһ̣ҶǾ뵽պڹ֮Զ̧ͷҪūۣҲƲסԼ֮еҶŭ
Ҷ㲻Ǻų㲻δ׼㲻ǽͨôô
ҶҶһɵƣ㲻ǺţƵ㲻޵ķôŵһӲ£
ˣҲãʲô׼ʣʲôͨҲǸһţƣǺͱҶһ

𣿡Ⱥ֮УԪͯųͬѪ˵Ҷʧĵ૵ôܾôأˣҪȥ˭Ѱʧȥ֮ģ
ڳ֮УһȺ˴ʱǷǳ˵ģǾǽڵȺˣʱ޼ŷĵЦݣҶѾǽڵӣһǱڸϳȥĵӣҶֵԽǿ͵ʹڵΪڵӣȻԼűЦ
ȻҪԭҶ洳ţԴŵڹ֮еĵλϽǰҶҶŹЩڵ϶ǲģʱҶڹ֮ӵеȨЩҪ군ģ
ЩڵˣΪҶˣ
𡭡ĳ¿ųеҶˣô죬ָô죿ôܾôء
Ҷ𣿵ȻûģҲˣʱҶҳһڣ΢һԼȫͻѳ飡
˵˵ĳ̶ȣΪֹصһΣΪʱȫѾ֧飬ǿѾΪһĭˡȻķǿڻпʱ
ΪѪڲͣϻڲϳϸСѷ졭
ҶǵڶɫâʱףҲСһʱʹסˡУҶѪԽԽ࣬ԽԽ㣬˫鶯˫۶ʱȪСצ΢΢ҶȥŪҶȻ˻ȥһʱ䣬ҶΧ˸ţ
һĻ˶ʱɫ䣡
ռ˲ơϣʧޣ
һԵˮ״γ֮ɫû˵ֻһ˲˲Ķ·ҪֻǰҪץСһ￴͸һ㣡
Ϲһк֮ɫȻһ壬ֻǣôһһأ
Լǰ˸Ҷ촽΢ţҪ˵һû£Ȼһ죬һѪ˳һǣȫ˿ڣ˺ѷεʹʱõٴŤ
æͣҶǰСצ쵽ҶǰȻ˻ȥ˫֮УǾ֮ɫԲཱུСϣѾɺӣ
ʱ֮ͻȻִһ漴һɫâٴ֣Ȼ۲ɼٶٴεҶ
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һ˲һ̣ԲཱུС˲漴һϹ͵ӿ˳ţʱһһ˫ССɫƾճıϣˣ˫Ҳһ˲ɫ
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ڹǱǧһɽ壬ɽƣԶɽ·صһ㣬нأɽߴ½պ壡Ҳħ֮һϡɽ壬Ѿˣ
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ħܹסϵ巭ԽҲþ޴ĺôģΪסʮ󣬲ʵľõģ
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ʱɽ͸ߴǵһһ嶥ȥЩ೤ļΪƣԱҪܶ࣬ÿͷ϶һԽǵĻ˵ҲΪ
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ƾǣһûһȺϾܵıӻϾϣͼͻȻȻǹǳµҶȻһЦȻһֻϲġ
䣬һ˲ҶǰȻһȭҶԴ˹ȥ


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ô˵СһҶ˵࣬ޣֻҪҪ˺ǣնɱԷ
ֽ˻ƣɫҶĪһۣСԴȻսСڵĽɫ֮Сսأϱչ˿漴һɫâֶ
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ħǰ̤һֻսȻҪԶˣ

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ʱǽ֮ϣ뽣޼һۣȻ΢΢ͷһ̣һԾ˳ǽȻٶʩչ˼£Ҷȥ


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һһ̴֧ҶĲӴ

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Ҷ֮ĶԹ㻹ˮ湻յģǽ֮ϣ߳
ǣԼǵĻȴҪȥƴ⵹ǴĺãǱǻĵ𣿡
ǺǣҶ㲻ǴŽͨǰֻصأǲǺţôڸɲ˼ˣҪǰˣǺǣδ׼ʣԭҲ

ǽ֮ϣһ䣬һ䣬ʼǽ֮µҶ
ʵҲǱȻ֪Ҷ˵ĺܶԣ³ȥǿܻ³ǣħǿǺΣ
Ҫһ㣬ǾǴʱ˿̣ħ˻û˺ǵ棡
һԻЦһȻ࣬Ǻǡ
ǽ£Ҷųǽ֮˰ΣȻҡͷһЦЦƬ̣Ҷһӣ׵ֶҶһԾ׵ϣȻһסļʮ֣߻⣬һԾ׵֮ϡ
Ҷҽ˶׵ı׵⣬һӰ𣬳Զٶȥ
һĻħɫһ䣬Ȼû뵽ҶȻٻޣȻշԾȴ޷ͬ߾ǿǰ־֮ϷУһԵӦʱҲһӦܹҶˣ
ħԼӦ˵ͷ׵ǷһĨмһޣȻҲǰſ񣡡䣬Ӧ͵رһٶȼ죬գۼס׵
֣׵ʱһĲҽУ漴ʼҵزۿҪƶ˵ʱһϹҶǰǾҲ׵Сצһӣһ޴ɫ⻡˲׵ϣ
ɫ֣׵ʱ࣬ȻЩ̲סڲѾܹƽȷˣ׵ϵҶʮʱһ
һĻ·Ӧɫһ䣬Ȼһָ壬һӰ׵ȥ
ȻʱһϹͻȻغͷ֮ϣӦ·׹£黹û꣬ʮϹٴͻȻӦ׹µĵطȻӦһܡĽӴ
䣡
ӦûӦǱʮϹ˸ţ˵棡
һڣӦָΣѾڵ׵Ӧɫǰδе


309 Ʒ
ӦһԵħ˴ʱҲɫޱȣ
ռ
ΣħͻȻ˵һ䡣
ȷʵǣҲ˵һ䡣
һۣȻӦϣõ׼ȷĴ𰸣
ӦһȻתһһһٻȻǰڤ磬˵ǵСˣ
䣬ӦתŻħȻȰһ䣬ֻñһëȻǵħڤǣ
ԣħûзҲûɫصĵ˵ͷ
ô˵һ壬ߴ½ûһҵȥǣ
ΣħջĿ⣬ĬһᣬȻ߽˹ǡ


򼫱֮ص֮ϣһؽ磬ΧĿռǵŤģΧκ嶼޷ǹ⿿ᱻޣͨһطǾǻڤ磡
ڤ磬ط֮һȻĴڣΪסſռһ壡ռһ壬£ֻϲ̽ռİأǻָĿռֿͨռͨضǿ󣡿ô˵κһ壬ϹޣƽХ룬򳬼ǲԸȥǿռһģ
ΪʲôΪһ壬ԼԶֻܱҪ֪ռһ壬ǿǿ⴩ռģǸָĿռͨҲǼΪֲģ
֮򣬲Ӧ˵ߴ½ûһǸȥǵģ˵ֻҪǲȥǱˣ˾͵ллˣ
ʱڻڤһΪĹһһԶռֻȴǴ޵ĳɫǾմЩۿۡ
һ̾ᣬˣѾ϶µģ£϶һԵı£ӦģȻô˵϶ûµģ
ҡҡͷȻˣһǵģ϶Ըֲǲ֪̰ԣ򻹺ãЩһٻһЩ棡Ҫȥ磬̰ңʵǲȥˣ
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һҪ϶һǴҲҪ࣡
ʱ֮һռ䲨漴һӳ˳УһȻ󼤶ʣˣ
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׵ϣʮ׵ëȻ̾۷ޣû뵽ҼʮһȻܹ۷޵ıϣ
ǰ£лˣʱһԵҶǰӣҶĸлģȻʹûжԷҲ£ǷǳԷ飡
ʮ˰֣㲻ظлңҳ֣Ϊ˰㣬ֻǿħЩһŰˣ˵⣬ʮ´ҶȻǽͨ棿
ҶЦЦȻ˵ͷ
ʮ˫΢УгҶ͵һһҶҶҲ⣬ڽﵽǰʱŰνһǵһλʱǵ̵ͬһ㣬Ȼը˿
˰ɣ𳤽Ҷ
ʮɫĿһҶȻ㾹Ȼǽͨͨؽ⣬ֵطôܳأⲻ
ҶҡҡͷôͲˣ򲻻һʦߣҪСԻ
Ҫңǽڵĵӣʮˣ⽣δҲ̫˵㰡
ɢһҶʼ
ʮ˫۶ʱ󣬲˼飬˵ɢޣ
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ʲôһĻҶ㵵
ʮٺһЦ׼˵ʱѷ֮ͻȻһŭСӣǲʲô˵Ļ˰Ȼáͷѵ֪ͷ𣿡
䣬һɫϻѷ֮˳
ˣʮ·ûϵŭߵԣȻָָҶƷӣ㿴
˿ҶһۣȻջĿ⣬͵һ¼ʮԴŭ㾹Ȼһ߾ƷļһﶼˣһԷƵ㶯ˡͷ㣬ôԽԽûϢˣԺȥ˵ڵĵӣ
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ɣһԵļʮһ㶣ȻƷӣǲǿˣؽⰡôؽأ
Ʒӵ˼ʮһۣȻҶСӣʹﵽؽ⣬ǲ򵥰˵˵ţϷ򿴿ĸžȻܹȽţڵͷȲϣ
һԼʮߣûţһɢޣ˼ˣ
ʲôƷһ㶣Ȼ󼤶ûţɢޣСӣͷ˵Ŀ棿
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Ҷٴ
ƷӣŵģʱһԵļʮѵ
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Ʒӣ˴鷳һԵļʮٴѵǿռ䡭
ʮδ˵꣬ƷӱǴһӣ˼ʮĻƵ鷳һƷʲôʱ¹鷳СӣֻҪԸڣչƷŵŮҲ㵣ˣ


310 ʣ
ǣǿռ䡭ʮٴ׼ѡ
ȻǻƷȴǺݺݵ˼ʮһۣȻСӣҲ˵𣿲ʲô鷳Ҷˣôǲҵʵ𣿻ƤˣҪҸֹֹ
ʮɫʱѿһѡ˱졣
ʱһϹԭҶСеҶļ֮ϣֺһµĿȻصҶһۣڹҶ棡
ҶһЦֽ˻СԴǰСһСУȻСһΪ鷳СһûȬڿСһӦûʲôˣ
Ҷûע⣬Сһһ̣һԵĻƷӱͬ˶Ѩһ㣬ֱӴԭأ۾Ĵģ˼Ŀϵ
Ʒӵı飬һԵļʮʱֻЦаʲô鷳鷳¾Ͳôõ˰ڿǫ̂
ΣƷ׼˵ʲôʱɫͻȻһ䣬ȵ˭
ҶһԵļʮʱǰɴռһŤ˲Ϣһس
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գգۣȻһ˲ǰСצסĲӣȻСԴϲգ
һĻҶһЦû´ǰӦþСһˣȻ֪ԷôҵСһģѾҪҪСһڿԻؼˣ
ȻǲϣСһ뿪ģҲûʸСһһӸϾСһԼˣԼļң
ȻСһﻹԸĻǾٺòˡ
ʱͻȻҶҶʱеɫ˲ת˱䣬䣬źεɭɱ⣬࣬϶ôһ𣡡䣬Ҷ˶ʱоΧռһҲ·ʱҪһ㣡
࣬ȻûкøУһ̰ޱȣ˽ڼҶһʱҶôǣеһ뷨ǣԼŮǰ໨ƭˣ
ԭСһ϶ֺŮġҶЦЦȻ˽һСһﵱһЩ龰
ʱһԵҲæӶСצӶһƺǰλǿԲСצԼ뷨ģǣһд˳Σ˵һȻҶļϣСצָָҶȻָָһԵˣƺڽܡ
һۣüͷͬʱ϶˵ѣܺõѣ㸸ǰ㣿
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ٴһۣһΣɫΪƺʲôˣĿҶϣҶȻ϶䲻㡣ңսթֵ֮ţ
ҶƷӻмʮ˶ʱһ飬˵ҪҪôֱװôﻹడ
գգۣȻҡҡͷСצָָҶ漴ָָԼƺڱʲô
ҡҡͷ϶࣬ޣȻ㼴Σվޡңʵ̫䲻㡣߰ɣؼȥΪ㣬Ѿһ׳죬Ǹûȥʰʰˣ
Щˣ׼Ҫ˵ʲôʱʱҶվ˳ǷǷȻλǰʲôˣСһѣ˵Ҳ޲ɣ˶ѣ
ѣˣЦһ࣬ƾʲô֪϶ݣ֪϶Ǳ֪δҪ̳еʲô϶ķϣҲɱ㣬ǣպ󡭡ûպˣûлڼˣ
ûʸ񣬵Ժûʸ񣡡Ҷ˶ӵ
һĻһԵĻƷӶʱһ죬ǰСȻҸ˵֪ηǵ죿
Ŷ˫һУ֪࣬ڸ˭˵
ҶЦһȻǰǰ˵ûʸСһѣҵʣҪСһѣҪʲôأ𣿡䣬Ҷǰ̤һؽޱӿ
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Ҷҡҡͷֻ֤һ㣬ǾʸСһѣ˶ѣǰ˵Ĳδ֪ǰһ仰û仰ǡʮӶʮĪ
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ܺã˵ͷһǸǱ㽫ǵһõ֣Σ
ϣҶҡҡͷǰ㻹ŪˣСһѣˣ㣬Ҫκ붫֤ǰ֤֮ԼΪҪͽǣߵõǵϿɣ
Ϊʲôʵ
ҶҡҡͷȻǰСһǸ÷ֱˣӦңԺ̰ˣúҲúһˣ֤ϣʸΪѵ࣬ʸΪѵޣô


311 ռ侵ٻȣ£
һҶļϣȻöͷ˲ҶգĿ֮УỨȻ뿪Ҷ
Сһ㣬ҶʱҲˣֺγ뿪СһӳСһ֮ǰҶһֱǹ¼ҹһֱСһҶϳ⣬һУǾ飡
Сһǿ΢ԷȥģԣԸһСһﲻֿǣڵûԼ£
϶һֻẦʱһԵѾ¶һ𣬲ΣգҲΣգ𣿡
ҶգȻСצһ衭
ΣҶЦЦȻҲܸȥģһҪģӦ֪ЩǷɵģЩ¶꣬Ҿȥ㣬Ȼһȥ½Σ
͵ҡҡСԴСצסҶĲӣУˮ黺˳
һԣһۣӶԷУ˿ɻǵģû뵽Ҷ֮ĸ龹Ȼ̶ֳȣѵ϶ǰˡ
뵽ĳܣɫʱһ䣬漴һۣкһ£Ȼ˵ͷһ̣һӣһռŤʱʧԭأ
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ҶЦЦȻһԵĻƷӣǰǰ˵ʲô鷳㶼ҵ£仰𣿡
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˵ˣƷŶǲռһģ
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ڣһ˻ƷӵǰȻǲȣ
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ʮĬˣȷʵΪҶʶ֣ǾζҪԿռǿ޼塣ʱһսͲ˵ˣڴпܣ
κһȺЧռһ塭
һۻƷӵ飬ҶЦЦȻʣǰӵĪ֮ͨҿɷǰǰҪ󣿷ģҪ󲻻ǰΪѣ
ҶΣʵȹ϶ķϣ˵ɣ
ԣҶһȻתԶǸ򣬾򡭡
ΣʿһһԵĻƷʮƷӻ⣬ʱ˱ȭȻӵĿһһĿЩ͵Ҷһżʮʧԭء
ȥһӣһ޴ޱȵľӺ֮У澵ռ侵һҪ󣡡䣬һӣʱ澵֮ͻȻģһЩϡ
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ڰٻĺɽһ׵£µ׺ҵϺǵĺ磡ЩĵУεĿ˺ѣµ׵żƷ죡
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ǣĶǻģֻǻЩŮӣĺá
µףǰٻľ£µŵǺ磬ɷ磬ɷרͷΥٻĵӣ
ͻȻһŮӳԲ̨֮ϣŮʱԲ̨֮ЩŵŮжʱ¶˿־֮ɫΪŮӾƹµġȻҪŮЩŤ
ŮҲڳŮһˣȻϵȴһĺԷӽֻΪƭƭɫ֮ŤκŮҲΪˣٻ£
ΪЩ˵ĵ飡
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䣬ŮһбӡžһһӰ͵ǰһŮϣ

һĲҽµ֮쳹ֻŮʹΣǾҵزţ
ŮƺӵˣбӱǶŮٴλһһޡΣŮӻ˹ȥֻȴɻھҲţ
ߣǲ򣡡ŮӻȥŮһȻֱۣ׼һޣ
ʱŮӵǸϵһŮͻȻѾˣֺα˴˰ɣϾͬţ
Ůһ٣Ȼ˵ŮӣһĨ䣬񣬱Ϊ֮˻㣬ͿԶָֻţҸ㣬µףһжҵģߣҿǺܾûг޵ζ˰ɣҾ㳢
˵ţһб͵ؾǶŷһӣȫ֮£Ǹ޾ȻһɫӰ
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ߣͦй𣿡һߣȻгޱǶŷһӡ
һӣϱѾǱ޺ۣˣȻûлɫȴǲҰ׵ĺܣһ˿Ѫ˿Ҳûϵ޺ۣʱȥˣ
Ҷ
˫ۻδױϵһ̣˵лƮ˳


312 죡
Ҷ֣Цһ˾Ǽˣ˽ͨ飬ΪӣߣʵɣѾˣ
ʲôͻȻԭѾ˫۵ķ͵̧ͷ񣬵ܣԲܣڻᱣģ
ڣЦǸûţǰٻԿǰٻҪ£ָֻܽ㲻֪жҰɣ㣬ȽĶʩԹ̣ܾʹĿ̣Ȼô޽ĻɢŮ

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Ͼ˭Ҳµɷ֮࣡
ٻҲŹǵģͷһŭХͬԾģ˲
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Źٻƾ㣿ھѾǸǿҪɢͨ˶磬ƾʲôԸҰٻ˵߶ŷӶűӣûˣΪн÷ڣֻڴĥ壡

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зһϢһ̣ҶҲѹסǱɱ⣡

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Ϊʹ࣬ҶѾŤ˫۸ǳĿ£类ѪȾһ㣬˫ֽգָ֮УѪָӶ
ٻٻٻٻ˫ۣҶͻȻһҰ˻漴һͻȻһĽ֮Ȼһ˿ѪֻҶֵСָʱ˳ȥ
Ҷ췢ģǲٻɱĸɸɾұó䣬һɿƥɭɱ뽣ͻȻҶڱӿɱ⣬ͬ޾һ㣬ŽڳŰţ
ģɡ⡱ʼֹƬ̣Ҳֲǽ⣬ɱ⡭
һԣԭעһеɫˣ죬ɱ¾⡭ôܣδĽʣôɱ¾⣡
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ѵ˵ҶδĽʣ
ҡҡͷЩҪˣҶһҪҶͻȥ´ʱҶʮشԲûʲôˣ
Σ˫Ŀɳ죬Щ͵ҶͻȻһҪȥһط
ʧҶüͷ΢壬Ȼɣ
ϻԨ
Ҷ˶ϻԨף˶ϻԨ׺ĿɨһۣüͷҪأ
ǰҶָָԶéݣȻ󻺲ߵéǰéһ񣬵Ļϣһ
֨һéݵŻ˿Ǿ¥űϵĲ񻰵ĻŹ˳ǲϵģ壬·һܽƵģȻ·ʱܱ紵Ļȴõɫһ䣡
ĻϿһһԵʣȻĿ⿴ҶҶȻ΢΢һЦؽ⣬߾ƷٶȣǾˡֻǿϧ㽣ȴǱ죬޷̳عˣҲ޷ɱ¾˽֮һֽ⣬㽣ͨǺǣδ˭ܵһ
䣬Ļ϶Ҷ˵ͷȻһɫصʣռǺǣԣ֣ͫң·ͨ仰Ӧ֪ɣ
ԣɫ䣬Ļϣ㾿˭Ϊ֪ǰԤԣ
һ֮˰ˣĻҡҡͷʣҪɱֹ㣬ǣɱԤԾͽڴڣҲ˵ռ壬ߴ½һᣡ
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Ļ΢΢̧ͷĿңԶգȻĵʣ֪ΪңӴͨ·֮Ƭ֮£Ҳܹ·
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ĻЦЦ˵˵·ɣңӴ·󣬾û˴Ϊңӵʵʵ̫ǿΪ֮·ѶԽԽˣˣٳȥˣ𣿡
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ĻЦЦȻһһԵҶԭΪһĹ˵ģҷ֣½ԺѾҪĹˡ
ʳĬ˰ΣȻȷʵѾҪˣ˵꣬ʿһһԵҶȻȻĵӣȻڶ֣ˣ˵꣬ٴζĻǷǷȻʧԭأ
ߺҶųĻϣǡǵģʼգҶ£ĻʶȴǶĻ˵Ŀе㲻
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Ҷ׼ҪʲôȻʱһתʶʼģˣ
ʶѺѾڹսԭλˣ


313 ׷Ůӣ
ԭأҶ˿ܣʱ˿̣ãˡΪ·Ϊãˣ
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ãֻһ˲ϾֻһѡǾеĽɱƽӵˣж٣˵ѾҪˣ
ڶ˵Ͼˣˣˣ
ҪػˣȻҪɱ⣬ԵУǾɱˣ
ȻǰҪǸʵ
ڣҪľŬԼǿֻбǿ˲ػɱˣȻûʵ˵ӣ
ԭԥһᣬҶվûѡڻȥȻں޲ýٻɱĸɸɾ֪ʱȥȲĸףԼϣʱİٻܹģ
˿ԼֵĶָҶһѹסзıɱ⣬ȻһϷȥڣҪȥѰǾĺ磡
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ÿһǱ֮أΪ˵ǳǱõ֮ˣĺ粻ܹ̼ܹҪһ㣬Ǿ֮һ飬Щ鶼ڤЩ飬ܹǿ꣡
ǿ꣡˵һɾܾջ
ߣǶħ޶һջرڤˣǱ壬ʵǿȫȡǿ飬ǿ꣬ȥǱ֮ؿ˵ڤõ֮أ
ÿһǱ֮ǰڤ߼֮أ
ҶǰһƬͬȼչأֱ߾ͷˡ磬ʱƬصȴǺܲЩƷ·һȻ̫ⶼ赲
һӭҶϣʱҶüͷΪһʣ
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ڿֲҲȥҰһҶʩչԶӶȥҪǾĺ磬ܼ򵥣ĸķԽԽԽԽǿĸߣ
أҶͣ˽ŲΪǰƯһɫţɫŴԼԴǰͨʴɫ̺ҶȻĶĶĺ޸ݣֻڿɫŵһ̣ҶһֱǾŶкô
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ʱһͻأֳУɫ֮ϣ족һ죬ɫźȻѿɫСƮ˳漴һ׷ŮӶȻɫŴȻһЩɫСȫ˿У
׷Ůһ¶һ飬ΣƺǵԱиˣ˫ۣҶһ
Ҷع׷Ůӣ׷ŮӴԼʮ꣬ռһͷ׷ûмŮӵòΪһڰ׷ŮбһԲ䵶䵶ܱҲܶϣһЩһذײࡣҶ֣׷Ůӳһ̣׷Ůӵ־һֱ䵶ĵδ뿪
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ʶҶס׷Ůü΢һ顣
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׷ŮӿҶһۣûлػȻתߣ
״Ҷһ㶣ô䣿ûԥҶæȥЦ¶ŪˣȻη鷳Ҳƽ޹ʵı鷳׷Ůǿ鷳ǰ׷ŮһǵǴصģ
׷Ůͣ˽ŲתҶʲô
ҶһʸֱסˣһŻعȻǸǸʣΪʲôҪɱҶأȵĻ֮񲢲ʶɣǲʲôأ
׷ŮҡҡͷҲɱ͵ü޸Ҳ޸ֻɱˣ
ʲôҶĲţ޸ΪΪΪʲô죬ʱҶоԼԲˡ
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׷ŮӵҲ˵Ҫ޸Ҷҵֻ˵ҪҼ޸ʣҶѾؽ⣬ǽͨԡ
ҶһܳΪأҶ㲻ɱ㲻𣿡
ͨ
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һĻҶɫٴαˣΪ㣡
ǰЩŮӾ˭


314 أ
ܸ㣡׷ŮӶ仰һҶȻתߡһΣȻǲҶٶȼ죬ֻһգۣαѾʮɿˣ
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ǰŮʵǿеȣĵȴǲġ
Ҷ׼˵ʲôͻȻǰİ׷Ůüͷһ壬ȻһѩĺԳһ

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ɱѪɱѪһɱ֣˵ɱֽһ棡ΪֻԽ״ɱˣҲ˵ֻӱһ׾Ĵɱ񣡾ܲȫͳƣ߾ʵɱһٶ߾ǿߣ
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ȻĶĴۣ׷Цӣ˵Ǵ½δĵ𣬶ԴˣҺǲȱȿ˭δĵлˣ
׷㣬ɲģʱһԵĪ֪ĸΪԼ鲻κˣҲò㣬һǰĵѾﵽ۷壬ȻҲỨһˣ
ĪĻ˶ɫһ䣬ҶҲˣȵϦȻôǿһھ۷壬뵽⣬ҶЩգѹֶԷǰ˵һԭԷſڿӣ˼ʸ񰡣


315 ص⣡
ص۷壡
仰õǰ׷ɫѿҪ֪ѾǵˣҲصѰ˼һǰѾص۷壬ڴ
Ϊ׼𣡡һԣɱѪͻȻԭΪУǿϧǸı꣬޷ܾԣ㻹ɣ
䣬ɱѪȻʧԭأһ̳ʱѾϦǰȻʱһڳһ͡һ죬ɱѪֻصԭλֻǲͬǣʱĲӴһǳǳѪۣ
һĻٴαɫرǰ׷㣬ΪǰϦֵһĵ٣Ȼ۷ʱ
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Ҷɫ䣡
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һɱĪϦһһӰǰϹܵķȥٶȿ磬֮ǲһƷ죡
ҶһУĪĪϴɽУȻҲһϦ׷˹ȥΪϦȥһ̣ϦɫܲԾ뵽ǰϹֵĻҶûԥѸٵ׷ȥ
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ԣҶһ飬ֱʱ˿̣ʲôСˣ족仰ԭΪԼڽ츳ѾˣϦĻ֪ԭˣ
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һԵϦһۣȻĬΪ˵ȴһĨм
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ҶɨһۣȻϦ߰ɣԭɱЩħģϾЩħҲûʲôøУɱЩħ꣬ԵõЩߵĺøУЩߵĻû˼Ӧ˵Щ߶һɵˣ
Ҷûг֣Щ˹ҧǸã
ҶϦٴҪȥһĨ裬ȻһԵħˣܾˣЩضᱻҶȡֽȻЩ壬Σ
ԣһԵħ˶ʱЩ⶯ЩߣǸɵҶЩܾˣҶֳ֣ʱǿɾ׶༪ˣ
뵽⣬Ϊ׵һħ˵ͷȻԣ
ʱҶϦٴͣ˽ŲתҶһѾ˵ħһۣò˵Ҷйùģֻ鷳Ҳ鷳˸ģΪҺ۸𣿡
䣬ҶζȻʧԭأ˲ǽǰȻνһն
ҶͻȻ֣һ㶣Ȼû뵽ҶȻôǰҶ֣
ҶǰʱʱΪҶٶʵ̫ˣ쵽ûпҶι켣׼תʱͻȻоԼĲһȻȻûȻˣԴ˳ȥ
һնɱ磬Ҷû֣ǱȺ֮УȻؽӿ裡
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318 һˣ
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Ҷնɱʮ˺󣬳еŻعع˱ͬ˷һĳɢȥûѡսΪʱҶͬһ޵ɱһ㣬ĳÿһεĻӶǻһ
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һԵϦĿҶһۣЩ˽ҶԸˡһЭɱϵˣ
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Ҷ˰˰㽫ΪĹУ˰
ŻΪұģҶţŰҪ
Ҷ֮ձضٱ

ЩߵߣҶмһЦһȺں֮ڣΪҪȥѰǾĺ磬һһȥ׷ɱЩնɱ
ųһӣҶתͷһԵħˣкһʱΪ׵һħ˳ħָ΢漴ϴһöɽ֮ͻȻӿԼʮɫţ
һУħЩħ߶ʱҶʱЩħߵУûηɵеֻо
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ħȥҶϧȻɱЩħһģϾЩһϿ϶вٺöģڼЩħ֪ҪЩһҶضҪһĴۣ
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һĻҶ̲סһֿڣȻձֿڣСбͻȻʼתȻһɿֲ͵ӿ˳ʱҶʱһŤ

СͻĹõҶ⧲·һҽУȻδϵ·ȻȼǿһĻ˲
һĻһԵϦüһ壬Ȼ֪ҶеʲôֻǿҶӣ񲢲ֻжѣ
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ԥѡжԷߣҳԼʶδȫɢѸ뿪Է
ҶĻϦһ㶣عʱҶѾʧǰҶʧĵطϦ˰ΣȻһ̾漴һ׷ȥ

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ȹŮת꣬һˣ֪һҶ𣿡
Ҷüͷһ壬ʲôҿɸ㣬Ȼһ㣬ʵǷǳǿģҪ֪ܹ롭
УһɫһؿڶʱһѪɫ


319 ôȵģ
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֪˶ãҶֻоԼԴޱȣ·Ǧһ㡣ֹһᣬҶʹҡҡԴȻ󻺻˫ۡһƬһ˿Ҳޣܼž
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ҶŹȺħߺ󣬵ȻˣϾȫҶҵħ𣬶ħڵ֪Լ˾ȻҶ٣ʱŭɽң漴ټھ֮صħѲҶ
֪Ҷзռħȥ˻ӦϣӦǣסֻռޣһû˷ؿռİҪɱҶ練ƣ
ŵϢˣĿҶڵɽӦþˣǺǣһӦɱ᲻̫ˣ
ħҡҡͷκһ˶ɱǣˣһֻصĿռֻڣҪɱͲˣ
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ħ̧ͷ˿ƶ˵ʮ˵ͷȻҶڵǴɽһĨɫǰһƽȻ󳯺һһ̣͵سǰһ䣡
ʱһɿֲȭ͵𵴶
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һ˲ҶڵǴɽСɽʱΪƽأ
һĻһԵĻ˫΢Ȼħʵе㳬ˣҪ֪ɽСҲнɸ߰һ߾ǿߣҲһܹɽģȻȴħ򵥵һȭ֮¾ͻΪƽأ
ΪħǧĴڣ
ϴ䣡
һ˲ħħ˶ʱһĻֱԪ죡
ħһ۶Ƿ֮еҶȻһ˲ҶǰֽճȭȻҶԴݺݵغ˹ȥ


320 һ𣬰ٽ
ħһȭϮҶһĨЩħڤ廹˵겻ɢ룬Ҷһ漴һȭħȭͷ˹ȥ
ԵĻȻýģϾǰħʵǷǳǿģû취ʱһ˿ҲûԣֻӲˣҲǼΪǿ
Ҷýȭͷħһ䣬ȭͷ͵һռһҲ
˵Ŀ֮УֻȭͷӲӲײһ𣡡䡱һ죬Ҷֱӵɳ⣬Ȼص˵ϣҳһ޴ӣħȴԭزͬһɽ
𾪵ǣǸڵϵҶȴִ֮ԾһĻħɫˣǿǷǳϴʵģ˵߾ߣһ߾ǿҲǲϴӲİҶȴӲˣһûһ
ħҲɫ΢䣬֪Ҷȴǲ֪ҶѾǿ̶ֳȣҪ֪ȻǰһȭȻֻ˲ĳɵҲһ߾Ʒܽӵµİ
Ȼһֱ͹ǰҶĽޣΣǿǿù
ʱҶصģΪ֣ħԶԶĻǿڸûһʵʱȫޱȵ飬ָʧȥ֪ҲһӿǿţʱѾվˣ
ƾûħǿǶýɫڽɫļӳ£ټǰħһƴǿϧʱһ˿Ҳû
ĽɣȻҪˣħҶ
ҶпЦý᲻СҲ֪ĸԣȻ˷ôȻҪ
̧ͷ˿֮ʮȻҶǵĿɬŨˣħ廹ڤļһҪԼذ
Ȼ㲻νǾȥɣħ˵һ䣬ȻһҶҶֻʮʱħȭ͵һ䣬ʱһȭӡȭ֮ϼȭӡ֮飬һװ׵Ŀ۴۵ĳ˳У
һĻҶɫһ䣬ʱȻýȥֲĹȻֻٴȥӲǣʱӲ
һ׼ƴһʱͻȻһ⣬ǵ˲ȭӡ֮ϣ䡱һȭӡǵը˿һ˳ɢȥ
ɢϦ֪ʱҶǰ֣䵶Ȼǰǵģ
ͻȻֵϦħĵɫһ䣬ħǰ̤һص⣬û뵽֮УȻܹﵽص⾳
ϦĿһħȻתҶһۣߣҵסǣ䣬Ϧתħˣ漴һεĿֲⱩӿɵѹ£ħ⣬˽鲻Խسʮ
ϦıӰҶһĨ㺣ɵǰŮӾԲżȻ⣬⼸ԷӦøû뿪
Ϊʲô뿪Ϊ˱Լ
ϦͷĿֲ⣬ħɫһ׼ʱͻȻһ漴һɫȹŮԿ˳УеŰʱȹŮüͷһ壬漴һɿֲӿ
ؽ⣡
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ħɫҲǳ⾳ĳţѾв˰ãǰȹŮƺǰ׷ŮгΪʱȹŮŰ׷ŮӣĿⲢѺã
ȹŮӣϦü΢ֽ˽еĵȻĪû뵽Ī
ģĪ￴һһԵҶȻֻ˵ǳһʲô׼ʣġ׼ʣǺǣҺܺأߴ½˭ʸ񾹵ƺأڼˣ߾Ʒأʧ
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Ī׷㿴ڳҪɱĿɲֹһأս˭أ
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ţ
ʱԭһֱĬҶͻȻ˳
ôĪﵭĿҶһۣ
ҶЦЦȻҲҽˣǰȻȥΣ
ĪＥǺôĿԸҵ뿴ų׼ʵ㣬ʲô£УӲأ
Ӳ¾ඣҶЦ
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Ҷ׼˵ʲôʱϦͻȻǰȻǿ
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ҶЦҲӣͲһˡǰЩħֻûϦȹŮӴģǽǣȹŮӻħһΧϦ
ڵ״ûаĻᣡֻĪģˣħ˱ضȥϦսĪʤˣҪǿԵģˣǾٺòˣΪͶĪ֣Ī֣ҪȥǾ׵öˣ
Ī᲻ʳԣҶŶԷʳԵģϾ޶Ǽ߰ģοһؽĽޣ
Ī￴һħģ԰ɣԣֻȥ
ħһһԵҶȻ㣡ȻǲȹŮӵģȹŮ׷Ů֣ڳ¾ͻħӵܣԸģ
Ī￴ģߺٺһЦɱϲԣԱ㣡
ĪĿһۻģȻתҶ׼ˣ
ɣҶ
Ī˵ͷҲζһٱɫȻǰ
һĻһԵϦɫһ䡣
һ𣬰ٽ



321 飡䣡
ؽļӳ£ٱɫʵʣ̺ĿֲĪռ䲻ţ·ʱҪһ㣡
һĻһħɫһ䣬û뵽֮оȻǿǿߣ
ħɫƽĺܣֻԽһĨأ
ҶɫޱǰĪʵĺǿ˵⸱״̬ȫʢ״̬ҲһܹսʤԷǰֱħˣʱεֵԷ
Լվ̫˰
ҡҡͷҶһȻ͵ս顱һ죬Ҷұ˲䱬ѿ¶ǲֱۣͬ
ʱ򣬲ֵܵҲõֵ
ʱĪǰһٱɫͻȻһ٣һ̣Ȼٵ
Ҷͫһ׼ʱǰٵɫͻȻ϶ΪһٶȶȻ˲ǰδ֮ʣǰɫ΢΢һ٣漴͡һǰһ
ҶȻһ彩ԭأȻʱĪͻȻʧԭأһɿ˲ҶǰţһɫҶﴦһ͵һҶڱ˲佫Ҷ飡
ԭνʣȻ˵ĲһҶĪҡҡͷһصԭվλãȻһ۴һԵϦҪΪɱ֪ȥң䣬һȥ
ħһҶﴦһȭͷĽȻĿħҡҡͷȻǴħתȥ
ﱻȣҶܹҲһˣһˣȻȥ֣Ϊۣ
ĿҶһĨҶǽޣһһؽĽޣܹҶ꣬ʵضֻܹ࣡һضǵһԵǰ׷Ůӷ񱨸
Ȼ壬ǳ֮⣬ˣ»ϵ⣡뵽⣬俴һϦҶȻڤתȥ
֪ʱϦҶǰҶ˫΢ԼǰϦЩˡǰȣ֮⾳Īٶʵ̫ˣ쵽ֹ
ȥ㱨𣡡Ϧ˵һ䣬תߣȻʱһֻͻȻס֣Ϧһ漴͵ת˫ѾҶһ˿㣬ţ
ҶȻǻŵģĪﲻһĻΪҶϾ񣡵ǣĪȴһϵǵģ֮ԻţΪﱻٵԵʣ
ԭǸģڵﱻٵһ̣ԭһֱĬСͻȻһͣȻ󡰺䡱һը˿ţСгԭλãӦ˵ԭλñСе磡
֮СгΪĵ
СгΪĵСڵĽɫ̰ͬӿȥڽɫ޸£ǰ˿ڶʱõֹԼٶ޸ţ
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ǱȻСбɶߵСϣϸС
ȻҶ𾪵ǣصϷȻһţֻǵȴǽŵģ
ͻı仯õҶȫˣȻڻع̲סϲΪһ飬ǾԵ֮еĵɫˣĽɫءҶţ߾ǿߵҲ࣡
޼ɵػӻҲõݽˣ
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ϦҶӣĿʹΣŵܸоõʵ˺ܶ࣬㣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˲ô죬ǣӦ֪򲻴ʱ̫죬ľϣҲõģ
ҶЦЦȻֻ֪ܿƵİģҲֻоȥӦڵľ磬ԼľȻ߾Ʒֻһˮ߾Ʒ
δ㣿ϦͻȻʵ
ԣҶһȻкһȻҪˣɲܰװ
Ϧҡҡͷڤ֮ĹվͿЩҪӾ滹ŵڤ౦ͿϧˣߣȻʵҪɱħĻĪ»ǲеģ˵ʵԶԶֹ㿴ǰ㣡ԣڣûʵ
ҶĬˣò˵Ϧ˵ĻǷǳģʵȻҪɱħĪȻǲеģǶýͨڤ𣬲ȻһҲû
ڤ
뵽ڤҶ˫۶ȻһΪʱŷ֣СпռǸС硭
Ҳ˼ϦҶ̯һۡһ죬һС綸Ȼ֮У
һĻϦͫһʶسһ˵ʲô
ҶЦЦڤ𣡡˵꣬ҶڤҶȵط֣ڤҲ˱仯Ϊǰɭɫڴɫˣڤǰ࣬ڳָ
ڤ𣡡Ϧ𾪵㣬ôӵд˵ļʶȻ֪ڤģΪʶ𾪣˵Ҷһֻ߾߾߾Ҳǲշİ
ʱҶеڤͻȻһҶе֮УȻһͷҲҶСһߺСڣţˣԣȻرռˣ
һǰҶһʼЩԸأڣҸˣȷʵǸڤߣߣϾСпܹĴڣ
㣬̫ˣϦͻȻ
ÿ˶Լܣ𣿡ҶЦ
Ϧ˵ͷȻڤ֮Ĺֻвһʱˣ߰ɣ


322 ȥ
ڤ֮Ĺڵصףڵ棬ĹӴռݵǧ˵Ĺ˵һСǣ
ҶϦڤ֮ĹʱѾɽ˺࣬һ࣬ڤħġڤ֮Ĺ治пǿľ壬ڤıܲģ
ҶǣûмǻħߣĪҲû֣
ҡҡͷҶĿĹڴΪĹڴһ鳤ɵĹдʮ֣
첻ҹ
ʲô˼ǿĹҶԵϦ
ϦһǿĹȻ仰˼䲻佫ڤ¡Ϊʲô仰أΪڤڵ
񣿡Ҷü֣뵽ԪͯԪͯų׼ֻֻˣҲ֪Էôˣ
Ϧ˵ͷų羴֮ɫһ޵֮ӣΪһʮ⾳ҽÿһ⾳˼£ԣʹѾﵽʥ߾겻𾳽ڤȻ
ʮ⾳Ҷһô
ôܳΪأϦֻҪһǾ³ţһ⣬ǾĽʦһһǰУ֮⣬ֻҪһ£
ʦҶĬˣǵһʦˡˣǾ޵˺̶ֳȣʹȻ˳羴ǵģҪ֪ǿĻϣᵽʦʱҲǴһ˿İ
½Ŀ֮е񣡡ϦΪ˵Ҫ֪֮ǰеǽʰܵģ
ҶЦЦʱ޵£Ǻǣж͸ˣ
ϦҶһۣĬ
ʱһһȥʱ󣬵һʧƬʱʱɫȻ漴һĺƾճ˳Уڳɫһ䣬ţ濪ʼѿɫԵ֮˳
СģƻҪӴ壡У֪˭һ䣬ʱڤȺ⣬˽æܣЩɫӴ塣
ȻЩɫ̫࣬˱ЩɫϮʱǱЩɫϮ˲һ߸ʬ
Щûã
ҲȥˣҲȥˣ

УһƬ
һĻҶüͷһ壬ָһһƽǰһƺɫ飬ȻЩʲôΪʲôûãֺɫǼģΪѩֶ˹һΣСУʱѾһ߸ʬ뵽⣬Ҳһ£
ϦҲǴһĨأ֮ɢȻھȻγɵһƻڵǧȻ鷳
Ҷ˵ͷͻȻ̧ͷԶֻԶڤЩ˾ȻĴЩŷɥ
ΪʲôԡҶ㵵
ΪûڸûϦЩ˵ǰٺһǶ˵ͬһһ󲹵ĶҪסڤ岻ħ壬̫죬պǽ֣ǧҪСģ
Ҷ˵ͷڤĹʽȷʵ̫죬˷ʤǵСģܴ⣡
ģЩڤ˲Щɫ壬ʼ߳ˣЩҪ˼Щڤ޼ɵĳ֣ԣһӣЩڤУ
ˣʱһԵħҲʼЩ߳ˣħ£ڳԽԽˡ
ɱʼ
һĻϦüͷһ壬˽еĵƺЩȥˣһԵҶɫƽ·ûǰһĻһ㣡
֪𣿡ҶͻȻڹǳǽ£һ𽫵ʱħ壬ڤЩһȫڵʱǲô˽ǿԽЩһȫɱģǿϧûһڣǱɱֵ˭أ
Ϧһ̾ɿ˵ҲܾЩһΣܾȵڶ𣿼ȻЩ߸ս֮أǾ͵׼
΢΢ҡͷϦǽĹɣ
ǻħˣΪʲôûҶͻȻʵ
ǲûѾȥˣϦĹڲǽڤ֮ĹΨһ;
ԴӱĵطȥҶ㵵
Ϧ˵ͷȻϾĹǺڤ๲ͬ޽ģȻз룬ˣҲȥɣʱǿѾĹˣ
䣬Ϧż棬һ˲䱩Ĺڡ
״ҶҲڳɣ׼ȥʱһӰسǰҶҲľǰνһն
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˴ˣҶʵ
˵ͷ̫ң䣬һʧԭء
״Ҷһȥ
һӺһ֮УͻȻͣȻתҶˣ䣬һƣʱٵӰͻȻس˳С
ܽҶˣ߾ɱʮĶ쾳ɱֻ֣쾳ÿһпǶ߾ǿߵѪġ
Ҷ˵ͷ׼˵ʱһӰվ˳һۣȻǽⶾ
ܣҶӦöɣ
ҶѾ˵һ
ҲţӰͻȻǶ߾ǿ߶û취һСС߾ߣôǽⶾ
ҲţʱһӰվ˳Ѫ˵е߾ǿ߶û취£ƾʲôܹ
Ҳš
ܿ죬ʮӰվ˳
Ѫڻƭ𣿡ʱһԵУȻǲţΪλҪ
ǸԭΪʶʲôǿߣֻû뵽Էֻһ߾߶ѣߣҿǽⶾǼ٣ΪɣѪ
׼˵ʲôҶ˰֣ȻǲţǾ߰ɣֲҪЩ˸ǽⶾ
ߣѪһô򵥣ǧһ仰ҪǴ򷢣ô򵥵£
Ҷ˵ͷȻҾһɣ
ʲô
ȥ


323 ɱǶ٣
Уһɫһ漴ʮͷ˳ȥ
˾Ѫ߾Ʒǿ߰ȻȴԷһӲ£Ҷʵǿʲô̶ȣ
һԣһۣǴӶԷпһĨɵΪҶĽѾ쵽Ƕ켣ĳ̶ȣ
̶ʱ䲻ҶʵȻǿ̶ֳȣ⾿ʲô
ĿʮˣҶҡҡͷʱһоЩ˶Σܶе⣬֪ȷţȻԺЩ˾ǳΪеĽҲǼпʱᷴɵģ
ʲôأȻɱˣɱȻҪһɵģã˯˾ͷ
ҶɨڳһۣȻȣҸǽⶾңҪŪУҸǽⶾӦöҲϣǸּۻۣΪûʱ䣬ףڣ˭ڵģȥ
ȥһ飬ûǵʮͷ˭ڸȥ
ûߣҶ˵ͷȻɣ
Уԥ£Ȼһ˳Ҷ˵ͷָһڤ֡

һĲҽȻڳ쳹õһɫ
ʱ󣬵һڵĶرڤҶʱһڤЩ˽ⶾ治һ򵥵ĻΪҪСܳһ˿һǽǶԷΪһѻҽ
ڤҶˣʱϽǺſϲ֮ɫؽʹԺǲԼ˿ƣȻҪ˿ƣֻʮѣʮ˵գۼ¶ѣ
Ҷһ߰˾һöɽУɽݸȻһЩؽ׹ؽЩɽ棬öʯڣҪ²ǸɱˣǸȥŬʵ
ǰЩɱֵɱ˼ȻǿʵվǵˣرۼĹսսԵУСһȥˣûǿ֣ἫΪѿ
ԥؽЩٱ˵˳ЩɱʵԽǿİԽ
еľɽ䣬һҶҲ̫˰ɣؽ׹ؽöʯ죬ܵˣ
һҲһҶĴȷʵˣԭΪҶܻȥɱˣǵ׬Ǯˣ뵽ҶʲôûóԴȥ
ԥ£Ҷٴһʮöϣڳʱ˶ܵˣرˣĿĶҶϵı嶼ʼǹ˼ҶʵǶ̲סˣ
ȻϵõģһʮΪʮ갡죬ǳűܴﵽ߾Ʒ
¶һĵЦݣǸ⣬⣬ϴʲô¾ܷԸǣ
Ҳǣһԣе
Ҷһ飬Ӵ󰡣ҡҡͷҶеıȻԼȳһöģÿ·öڷ˭ʵģף
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еϢŲһöӶѣ𣿰˸ҴˣԺֹҪپж٣Ҷ
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ҶһöӳУеĹӣأ
˹ȻԺҾ͸ˣ䣬תˣ迴ʲôû⸱УǶ𣬻Ϊ㣬ԼȥŬȥ߾ģҲʲô취ǱʱڸҴﵽ߾Ʒϣ쾳ģǾҲҪ߾Ȼɱɣ˷ֵǵԴҶѪҪأ
ǣ
ͷԭûôߵģ˦˦ģûҶ̬ڳ˲֪ҶͨǣҲû£ֻʮʱ䣬ڼ䣬ҶȻܾ
ҶɨһۣȻҶ˵㻰ʮɣǣҳ˵ǰͷʮڣ˭Υһ˵⣬Ҷ˶٣ֵ֪ܺãǣǱȥйսЩߣеǿģڣҪֻһ£ǾǸұǿǿ𣿡
ף
Ҷ˵ͷȻҪʱǣ
üԭúżģѾѪ֯ȻˣԣҲ֪ʲô磡
Ҷ£ȻǾôɣҵĴƷǧ֮ڣϵǣ
ԣƤһУһƷġ
ˣҶһƲˡҶȻЩʹģرʯΪСе⣬Ѿķ˼ʯָöҲ˵ֻʣ²ʯˣ
ãϻʮöƷʯⶫһֱûãΪʵ̫ˣԺô
üȥˣԭأҶ̾һȻתһȻˣͳɣ
䣬Ϧ滺˳ҶһۣϦҲǸ㣬ֻǡ
ҶЦЦĻ㲻ý֪ͣ
Ϧ΢΢һƣЦݻδչȴæȻɫƽղЩ죬ɱְɣ
ҶҲ˵ͷȷʵ֪ط˺ܶ࣬ܵһ°ְɣ
㾿ʲôϦʵ
ҶЦЦ˺ܹôңҾôԱˡҶħ廹ʵһͬʣֻҪǲңǲȥǵģǿϧģħģģҪҶأȻҲֻˣɱңҾҪɱǣ
Ҫħ廹ڤԼΪУϦɫһ䣬
ҶҡҡͷҲΪУǾͻŹ𣿲ģ˶ģԽԽԷԽôߣԣҪΪУҪΪУȻҶɱһʹʹɣ
ɱ𣿡Ϧ
ҶаһЦһĨɱǶ٣


324 ֣
ҶϦٴڤĹʱѾʬҰоų϶ߵʬ壬ЩЩңΪȫѪ궼ĸɸɾֻһ߸ɿݲʬ壡
ҶĿһۣȻ߰ɣȻȥͬЩ࣬ЦҪˣЩ˻ͬˣЩ˿Цİɣ
Ϧ˵ͷȻĹȥЩȻЩͬ飬ҲֻڴˣϾЩްϵǾ仰Ȼս֮أǾ͵׼
ǿ棬߻ȻȴҪˣܹ˭
ҶϦĹڵһֱ߳˼Ҷ׼ֻ֣Ϧ΢漴һһţĲҽȻڳ쳹
ҶԴȥֻߴʱһĿǣ߲ûֻ˫˵ұ۶ϦնȥѪͬȪһ֮ûӣΪ˶Ϧĵ
ڣӣ
ʲôˣϦʵ
׼˵Ҷȴȵʲôˣ޷ǾǴٵˣĹڣ˽Ƕ䲻⣬¾һЩʵǿһЩҲС˵Ķ԰ɣ
ɫһ䣬һ˿һϦȻλѣſڿӣʦֵƷڵĵӣǰ֮ԶԶλѳֻ֣ΪҶΪλħˣ֪λߣʦֵܶǶȻֵܳģ
ԣϦյһɣɫ״һϲ˲϶ϱ֮ʹһҲæλʵǿǾƷŵŵӰɣʦֵܶˡ
˵ʱͻȻһɫ⣬漴ͷ˳ȥ
㡭һ˾ҶȻһԴҲ˳ȥ
նɱ˺ҶһУϴɽʱС
ΪʲôʱϦҶƽʵ
ҶȻ֪ϦʵʲôЦЦ㿴Χʬ֮Уʬ໹ڤħʬࣿ
ԣϦܿһۣܣŽپߵʬ壬Уʬռ˾ųϣ
ϦüͷȻЩʲôˣ
ʱҶеɽ䣬ȻҸղŲ鿴£ɽ֮УʯһǧöӰ˵ĶʤȻЩ˴ġ֮˵ղǷ޷ǾĹˣ
˵⣬ҶͻȻһЦȻʵʹֻڶԸħˣҲɱǵģ
ΪʲôϦ⡣
ΪѾˣҶЦնǵ˫ۣһԹûҲ㲻ţȥ湧ûаԹǣҸұ֤Ǻ޲ýŰ˲£µǵڰأԣȻѾǻնݳĺã
ϦҶһۣȻҡҡͷҲ֪ʲôʹӱˣҲ˵ǴģֻǣҸ˾ʵ̫ƫҪ֪޵У
޵УҶҡͷһЦ⻰ҲûߣöֻǿϧԶҲܳΪˡ
ΪʲôϦü
ΪҪɱܶˣҶһһӰ˵ģҪ뵽ӡռ侵֮пĳҶʱɢһɱ¾⣬˫۸𽥳棬Ѫ
Ϧɫһ䣬ȻʱҶеĳȴɢȥĽҲջڣ
ҶһȻüͷΪһص⣬Ǿɱ¾ܹʧ˵ǣǰһ̣ȻҪɱ˵ĸоͨʱѾıһɱ¾
ɱ¾⣬˵ǽ֮һ֣ΪɱԽǿԽرɱ˺ܶʱ޾ɱⲻܹʧǣӰֵǣ˵ɱԽǿɱ¾ԽǿϦǣҲиȱ㣬ǾǿƲԼɱĻͻᱻɱƣɱƣӦ֪ʲôɣ
Ҷ˵ͷԺע⣬ܲɱ¾;ʹã
Ϧ˵ͷߣߣɱԼʹõƣΪԼʹõƣѾǡ㡯
ܽˣҶ
Ϧ΢΢ҡͷȻ߰ɣط壬ⶫкܴĺô˵꣬Ϧǰȥ
ҶҲæȥ
;УҶϵĴڤ֮Ĺ˵ĹĻ˵һӴĳУֻȴǿһˣҴŻǵ磬ˣڽֵ֮ϣżּɫţ
ЩɫűĹҪϲ٣еҲϦ˵ӾҶϲѣΪһ·Ѿ˽һٶɫţֻɻϦȴǲҪɫţһ·ջ񶼸ǲ˼
һʱҶ˽һٶ壬ܹ˶̵ʱô壬ȻǶϦΪϦƺ֪壬һ·Ѱرر࣡
һɫպҶһȻһĨϲɫΪоĽƺѾﵽ۷ˣˣоӾˡ˵Ȼڻؽ⣬ؽԲĪ
Ϊɱ¾⣡
ҪͻˣϦʵ
Ҷ˵ͷԥ£ȻһöһöƷʯУߵݸϦ˵ڵĵҹˣ뼫ƷʯӦöаɣ
ϦҪ˵ҶȴּپֵֻܾˡϾƤûôһֱռˣ
Ҫô𣿡ϦҶһۣɫЩãǾԼ̬Щ壬ɫƵر䣬Ȼתͷ˱𴦡
ҶһȻҡҡͷⲻǼ⣬ֻҾ⼫ƷʯаŸģа͸һ
ҶĽͣϦɫתᣬҶһۣȻһǱ뼫ƷʯУͻȻüͷһ壬ϸĴǱȻҳԹıöƺЩһ
ﲻһҶüʵ
Ϧ˼һ£Ȼô̺ҳԹҪʮ㣬ȷǱ
ʮҶһôܣ
Ϧ׼˵ʲôʱһϹ漴ϦеıȻʧϦɫһ䣬ɱ֣ȻʱȴͻȻ֣ҶͻȻͬһ˷ܴСһ
ϹһҶǰ


325 
˫צһöһ˳˳ؿҶģ鶯֮ͫ˾Өѩˮ顣
㣬ҶĪһֽۣڻ°Ͳ˲ë׵СԴСһôˣ
ҶУĿ޿ɴݣ˵ʫҲȲҶĿеĵλΪһ·ͬģֻСһ
Ҷ˵ɸ죬ɸأɸˣԲḺСһ
˲Ҷ°ͣȻ̧ͷҶ漴СצȻ
ΣҶСһ˼һ鴤˵ӳģ
˵СԴȻ¶һõЦ
ҶЦЦСһСԴ͵ܳ㸸ĸᵣĵģ֪𣿡ʱǺܸжΪ֪Сһ֮͵ܳ˲뿪⣬ΪڵϾĵ˿ģ
ǿռʱһԵϦʵ
Ҷ˵ͷȻʵʶСһˣ
ҶͷϦŹֵؿҶһۣȻֿһۣΪʲôأϵܡϦʱǷǳ𾪵ģռȻʶģֲ壬ļ븸ףǼɵѣȻû뵽ھȻһֻռһྐྵȻǣҪ֪һǿӵİ
ҶЦЦȻ˵ͻˣԺл˵ɣ䣬ҶͷСһСһȻˣǾһЯֻߴ½ĳŰɣΣ
۾һȻ͵һСԴʲôģϲˡ
ҶһЦȻСһﳯĹӶȥ棬ϦĬһ˲ȻҲһȥ
ҶϦȥãԭվλõĿռͻȻһŤ漴һһŮ˳СһһŮǱˣǵֹСһҶһ
Ĺ˵ĵӣҶʧĵطʵ
ʵ˵ͷӦò٣˵⣬ɫͻȻЩأΪ̽δ˹켣ǣȴһΪδһƬʣʲôҲ
ʵȻ޷̽һ߾ߵ˹켣üʵ
ûܹδʱͻȻ˵˵漴һ۵˹سǰ
˳磬㣬ֳһɫ飬ɢһɵȻƮʣȻ˫ȴһɫ˿
ˣɫ΢΢һ䣬ɫΪ˵ͻȻ֣Ϊ˵һ仰ûܹδǱ˵仰Ƿ޶Ȼɫǰ˵ģǾͲһˣ
Ϊǰ˾ǵ
Ϊָ֪ԤδǵʵǺǿռȴܱȣȻʱȴܿһ߾δ
ʲô˼Ҳ޷δ
ҡҡͷδԼȥһ֮ڵңҲ޷̽δ
϶ǸǻɫЩˡ
ЦЦʵѾҪˣӦҲ֪ڹ꣬·ͨȴҵĽֻʲô
϶ҿռѵһͫռ츳ʱ䣬δزӵдԽ硯
ɹأ
ɫһ䣬ĬȻ
ǷûʱͻȻǸСߵˣҵѾͷҼҵѾͷǵ˹켣ʼ𽥲仯
ԣɫһ䡣
ʱͻȻЦЦƬ̣̽õصĴۣԭΪһͿƹңȻû뵽ȴȻ˴ۣãûնɱһ
ߺһǲ϶һ࣬ΣǿдȥȻвңҾ϶ѾСӶ飬һ𣬵ʱ¡
ʿЦЦʲô취ҵľǵûɱСӣȻ϶һӶԭҡڵĵ϶̫СӵĻ£СӣѾﵽ˰
ߣСӹƭ϶Լȥ취Ըɣһ
ԣʿЦЦȻһӣռŤʧԭء

ԽĹߣǹǵĺԽԽǿңҶԽԽ˷뼤ΪǾĺԽԽˣ
ڤǿģͬΪĺܹշĺ磬ʵϾһأʱ˵ȥĻһߴ½ĸ·
ȻҪǿȥĪһ֮
أϦͣ˽ŲԶͬĺڤĹˣ
䣡
ʱĹͻȻһ漴Ȼһ
ħ𣡡ϦɫصȻħ
Ҷüͷһ壬׼ħʲôʱǹ֮ͻȻһЦ漴Ӱǹ֮ӶһĻҶҪǰϦȻԱЦ֮ϲɵˣ
Ҷ֣ϦһһĨκ죬ҪҶ֣ҶȴǵܹħԷһһǿļһǳȥħڤǼһＫпԸңȻǲ壬ҲûҪʱǿͷ
ɿҵ֣ϦҶһۣŭ
֣Ҷһ㶣ʲô֣
ҵְϦҶɫߺ졣˵Ҷ붯ˣ
ԣҶͷһȴǷԼȻϦ֣Ҷæɿ֣ڨЦЦǸղ̫յЩ㣬
ϦҶһۣƫͷ
նʱЩΣΣҶ׼˵ϦȴͻȻûõģǵʵһܹܵǵģ
ģҶЦЦȻСԴ⣬СצһӣϹʱϣ
ǣϦ
Ҳ֪Ҷⶫڣ߾ǿҲǷֲǵģΪⶫܸǵϢ
ϦһۣȻ
ΪħǧпܳΪħĴڣȻܹȭͷ֮£ȤȤ


326 

ʱǵЦϦͻȻɫص
ʶҶʵ
Ϧ˵ͷ򶦺۹̫ӣ۹ûô˵ɣ۹κһƷ볬ңΪԴ½Ӧ˵½δ֮ǰ۹ѾڣǴڵʷκһƷŶҪƾã
ص۹ȣ˭ǿҶʵ
ȫûпɱԣϦҡҡͷ֪һ֧ʮ˵ľӣֻΪɻꡯֻõЩƷŶɵѣΪÿһˣͶǿߣ
ʮʿҶ
Ϧ˵ͷ⻹ֻϵʵصģ»Ϊˣ
ҶҡͷЦЦʮʿֻϵʵⶦ۹ʵǿ˺ֵĳ̶ȣ
ֵһ˵ǣʱϦͻȻǰʦ۹һγͻ
ôҶʱȤ½һǿⶦ۹˳ͻھԾʰ
ϦҶһۣȻʦһѽֱӴⶦ۹ʹĽǵʱ۹澡ʧֻܿȻ⻤ɱʦȥΣ۹λ̫ϳϲòɽ
ȻأҶȲ׷ʡ
ȻʦߣϦ
ʦˣҶ㵵
ϦҡҡͷûܣҲûʤΪλ̫ϳϾۼ˶۹ҵ֮Կ⽣ʦһ֮ϽλĻ߾ǿλʥǿߡʹ޵µĽʦҲֻʱߣ֮ǰȻ۹ʱĻʵһ̫ϳնɱ
λ߾ǿߣλʥǿߡҶ˹̣Ҳֲ̫˵ɣ
Ϧ˵ͷҲǴΣ˲żʶⶦ۹Ŀֲ˿ռһ壬ܹʦߵģҲ۹ˣ
⽣ʦ꾿ǿʲô̶ȣҶһĨɫԼнʦʵԼĸףᱻ˹ڰٻ޾ʹԼнʦʵСһļ˻赲ԼСһһнʦ
磬ĳ̶ֳ˵ǣӵʵ͵ӵһУ
䣡
ʱ֮ٴδ˼غ
ʱϦҶһۣȻԺҪ֣мҪСģ˵⣬˶٣Ȼʵ˭֣㶼ҪСģΪ˭㶼ûʲôƣҪ֪츳㣬Ǳǿϲ֪٣ֹǸҪġ㡭
ҶЦЦ֪ǣûκƣԣұ÷Լʵأ
䣡
Ϧ׼˵ʱͻȻһ漴ڶصĿ֮УͻȻը˿¶мˡ
Ҷʶ
ߣվܣǰ棬վһɫĳۣұߣħĻӦ
ʱħɫ΢ɢ˵ĺɫħ棬ǽɫɫҲЩأɢһһĽɫЩϸͻᷢһ
м䣬һʯףʯ֮ϣƯһͨڣɢħǹ
ڤǹ
ҶԣϦ
ʲôƷ׵ģҶæʵһµģûȤˣҲûȤΪһµĶȥЩӲƴֵð
ûƷףϦҡҡͷǹиԣǾʹõԽǿԽǿΪŽӽ޵ܼȫʹˣ
ħҪǹҶʵ
Ϧ˵ͷӦǣܵõǹܼǹɵʱļ֮⣬սûֵܹסһǹˣ
õҶħʵѾǿõǹʵñĶֲ
Ϧͬص˵ͷܹҲģԲڳֹħ𣡡
ҶϦ̸ţ˲ûע⵽Сһ￴ǱڤǹʱǴ۾ʱСצϣֳ˵ɫâ
УħΪ۹һεۻʣѾԻεĵز
ҲЦһȭȭȻһҲûû´ħһħΨһ̳˰ɣ
ħûлش𣬶תŻģȻ֪ǰʵҵõڤǹħŵȫڤ񴫳У˵Σ
˻棿üëһʵ
Ȼħ
ЦЦȻһһʱǰܣ㵲סˣʣµģԼ취û취Ҿˣ
ħ˵ͷȻתͷӦһΣҽħ塯ǰһۣ
ãӦиһĨ˷֮ɫ
еѡ񣿡
ӦһЦ漴һڣָ˱ֱϣ漴˶ˡ
һ˶Ըжˣʱϣ幫ͻȻ˳ǻģ˲ˣļһȻҪжˣȷŴûУҿ԰һ̣䣬һһУ
ûԲ֪ˣĺΪж˲𣿽ǿʲôŽ䣬һеڤʱ͸ռ䣬˲乥ϣ幫ӣ
ĺãϣ幫һȣ漴о޸͵
ϣ幫ǻĵս£ȻϹͷϣһѣ
Ϲüͷһ壬ڻϣʵ
ҡҡͷǻʵǻʵû´Ѿҹ֮⾳ƽʱϣ㲻УҲȫˣڤ֮Ĺ֮УϣһŪãܻᱻˣ
ҹ֮⾳Ϲһôܣ
ûʲôܣ㿴ĵΣȻأڲ֪֮лǻҹɫΪһ壬ϣһػԸսˣӦ֪ʲô³
ǻİΣϹڲԥȻһϿգϣ幫ĵս
Ϲæϣ幫üͷһ壬׼˵Ϲȴȵϻɱ˲˹󲻹ļһ
ԣϣ幫ӶʱһϲãΣǷͬģϽ𣡹˵ţһǻıӶȥ
ϹΣ
·ˮҲʱӦս漴бֻʣħ
ɣЦ
ԸħħʱǣȻʱһϹ֣ʯڤǹħĿ֮Уʧˣ
ͬʱڰ˫צϣһϺüڤǹ
ڴƬ̺Ҷеһͷǣ鷳ˣ
һԵϦ۽Ҳ̲ס˳顣


327 һΣ
ڤǹԼһ壬ǽССצţߵαȥΪ
һڤǹȻݵҶǰ漴¶һΪõЦݣȻΪҶֶһ
ҶǿЦãʵڤǹûȤģΪõǽߣڤǹھһֵĶ˭͵ȥħ˵ķ񱨸ĿֻǾĺ磬ڤǹȷʵûĹңûõĺ֮ǰҲ̫ǿУ
ڼȻõˣҪȥǲܵģ
ȻûʶڤǹζʲôʱױĽڤǹݵҶǰԲཱུСϣ˷ܵЦݡ
ôûûΡһԵϦ̲ס۽һڤǹȷʵǺöⲻǰԭڼսܻǻĵͣȻĿ㳯ߵλ˹
ϦһۣȻֿҶһۣȻֻ˵
ҶһȻЦЦ漴ڤǹУʱһǹдʶϮȥҶһӿʱǹѹȥ
ڤǹҶһħ˵ǰףǴʱǸӲˣΪħѾǰΧӣٵľߴ½ļ˵Χ
ҶȻţûŵһ˵ٴ˵ĵز
ʱһ󵭵ϮҶȻתͷֻϦԡϦҶһůȻлл
ϦҶһۣû˵ֻŵֽ˽
ҶħüͷʱУŨŨ֮ɫ㵤ﾹȻˣ
һԵĻüͷҲǽȻҲ޷ҶﾹȻ˵顣Ҫ֪ߵĸطһΪĵطҲҪĵطҪǱٵȫϸأΪϣûʲôŵرܹҽεģ
ǰʵҪ֤ʵ𣿡ҶЦЦȻеڤǹħҪǹ
Ҫһ𣿡ħ˫΢У
ԣҶüëһ
ħ͵ؽգҪʱʱһԵͻȻҶЦôħһεħǲδĽʣƾݵҲߴ½԰ˣ
ңҶʵ
׼ʣ˭ûأЦ
ҪǹҶͻȻʵ
һ㶣ȻЦһȤã˲˵˵ɣʲô
ܸʲôôҶʱȤڤǹǸֵĶҶûʲôãһЩԼõĶȻֵֽĶ˦ȥȻٺòˣ
ʱ֮һˮͻȻҶ㣬ҾͻὫڤǹּۻۣҲҪԼûʸ񣡡
ڸּۻ𣿡ҶˮУҸоúûʸҲֻֻ֪֪ҪԸ⣬ǹͻʱħ𣿡
ˮɫһ漴һҶȥȻʱһһˮʱֻصԭء
صԭصˮɫʱһֱӵϦǺˣ
ħǼʶϦǿģǼϦһˮˣл̲סһϣѲµģ˽޾ǵˣ
ϦϦʵ
ϦĿһȻ˵Ҷԡ
ҶϦ΢΢˵ͷȻ˵̸̸ܲˣ֪ƾ޷ԿκһģҿԱ֤һǸҶ֣ڤǹͻǵĶǣ
ҶҲ࣡ɫ΢
𣿡ҶҡҡͷЦҪɱҵģȽ϶أ˵ûֻ࣬Լˡ˭ңҾɱ˭ڶԷ廹ħ壬ڤ廹壬ⶼҪ
ҶĻһԵħ˶ʱһۣȻһĨĹâ
ɫЩѿˣҶ׼ȷ˵ϦվߵĻǾͿѹħˣȻԷȴƫƫվҶûҶһߡҪǣʱҶҪթǣҪڻֻܱթ
бĹʱħͻȻƷԸⲿ㻻Σ
ƷҶʱȤȻѾǿħһЩȣǲ࣬Ҫԭ򣬾Ϊûһõ幦ȻǿԶԶֹڴˣ
ҶȤһԵʱЩˣȻԥһһ׽ɫϻУȻ׽ϻΪ޼ڲһ˱ؽƷÿһ϶ǿǽޣõ׽ϻʵؽ˲üΣ
׽ɫϻҶ۾ʱˡڵʮȻСи˵ؽף֪⼸ѾʮļˡϾʮĲѾֻܴﵽ̶ֳˡڵؽ׵ĽİѾôˣҲֻдﵽףǽ²ܶǰЩв
ҶѹסеļȻҡҡͷӦ֪ڤǹļֵڤǹļֵֵֻôһԣϣóңȻֻһɢˣȻǹ˵ûʲôãԺҲǲģ
ҶĻڳһ飬ˣ
ʮöʯѾҵļޣ㻹㣬ͽڤǹħɣҿԱ֤õ幦ҲûȥҵűҲв㣬ֻ˵һʵ
⻹вҶЦЦ֪ϲģǱвο⣡˵⣬ҶһȻֵ֪Ҳܽڤǹ˭ᱻһ׷ɱԣ뵽һ취Ǿ߽ңȻҽڤǹŻԭλԼȥᣬΣ
㵱ɵ𣿡ɫΪôҪɱˣԭĺǷɱ
ûܹɹ𣿡ҶЦ
ľô𣿡˫΢У˸ɭĺâ
ͬ취ʱһԵħͻȻ㽫Żԭλұ֤ϵСһﲻڳ֣Σ
գգۣСצ̧׼ħһצҶæ䱧˻ڿɲԵʱҪԣҲúôõ԰
ħĻһοʱüͷһ壬ΣͻȻͫһռ
ŷ֣ҶЦЦȻأͬͬ⣿ͬ⣬ھͽڤǹħԺȥǹɣ
ΣһȻһӣһöɽǽɫϻҶûпռڣȻЭΪǿǿȡпռڣҪǿȡǼһЦˡ
һԣħҲһӣһھҶ
ߵĶõ֣ҶٺһЦȻһӣڤǹʱʯףȻʱͻȻһɫ⣬ͬ磬˲Ҷ
û뵽㾹Ȼû⣬ȻҾһΰɡֺĪʱ˳С


328 ĺ֣
Ҷ˫۶ʱ΢һĨɭɱ⸡ֶĴָ΢һɫǵײһ
䣡
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һĪҶǰԼĽⱻҶɫɢĪסһһĨ죬ʵǿˣ
Ҷû˵ҽ͵һ̤͡һλһߣĪﱩȥ
ûǵ䣬ôǰŮӶԴģٴμ棬ʹԷɱҲɱԷģԣʱѾûκ壬ֻһ֣Ǿǡɱ
ҶȻȳ֣ĪɫȻ̯ʱһɫУеĪһͬһһ㣬һɫӰҶȥ
һԣĪҶһͶ֣ħ˽ǲԼͬʱȥڤǹǿĽ޵սѵһİȻʱ֮Բ֣ҪԭΪ˫κβ˭
ҶĪϦǳеһΪʱһҶİ˵ĪİôͿѹһ
ĪҶһĨɫӿ֮У漴϶͵ؾһһûб۷ɱ¾ʹеĳ֮ռһҶһ֮ͬһ㣬ڳв쳹
ˣҶޱ£ɱ¾ͷһ¶ֲδӴĪһ̺޾ɱĿֲĪǰе޾ɱ⣬·Ҫɱһ㣬˲
һĻһȻû뵽ҶĽ⾹Ȼɱ¾⣬һﵽأصɱ¾⣬ѾԶв˰
һȻһЦȻɱ¾⣬һأǺǣ˼
һԵħֻǵĿһۣջĿ⣬Ȼϣ˵ҶڿֲҲûСһֲ
ĪɫͷһЩˣ֪ƺеСǰˣΣĪǰ˭Գƽʣ
Ī΢һɫУ˫͵һϣ϶Ϊһ漴һȣ˫еལҶݺݵն˹ȥ
䣡
˵ĽһӴбһͬ׵ĺͬʱվλõĵ˲̮γһ޿ӣˣɢĽʧأڳĴŰһϢʱ䣬ΪģԲɵķΧĵǳ׵Ľۡ
ҶĪڸһӴһ˲ǸԷ˿
ҶʱȻ˫۳죬ȴǺѣǶĪҲΪǰһ֮УǱؽѾΪ촷ۣˣصĽ⣬޿ײ룬õȫĽۣ
ĪҲǺܺãȻٵҶĽֻǿеڽⷽ棬֣ҶȻֻؽ⣬ǽǿȻ˿ؽ⣬ѹƵļòʶҶΪ֣һεҶһεģʵ棬ȫһ죬һǵأ
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ĪһɫʱʧУ漴˫ֳһϣȻһ漴һɫˡɫʵʣĪ˫֮ۿٶתš
һĻһԵϦɫȻ䣬Сģ˲ɱһ䣬ϦֶȻս˵ʱӿûг֡Ϊǽ֮ս֣Ƕ޵裡
һԣգգۣȻСצϣϹ֣ҲûгצûצȻΪ³צҶĪ֮ԲצֻǵΪҶܹĹԷ˶ѡ
ֵһ˵СצϹʱһԵħ˽̲סƤһСһڿǼɵޱȣΪ֣Ȼ˵ֻСһ
ɫ̺֮ĿֲҶҴ⣬Ҳʵ˫ۻͨ״̬
ǰν˲ɱһȻҲУֻҪǾһȥǽͨߣ
ؽļӳ£ɫԵԽֲˣתٶȸѾ޷塣ĪΧǵ·ܲס̺֮ĿֲȻʼ
ȻҶȴ˫΢գƽɫƽ·ûмɫĿֲһ㡣
סڴһ١
ǧһʱ̣оͻ䣡
䣡
һͻȻڳ쳹漴ֻǵͻȻѿһԼɵľ޴ѷ죬ţ˾㵵Ŀ֮Уһѷ֮ϯٶȼ죬գۼ뿪ǵ棬ȻԶϯȥ
缫ΪֲԼɣ֮һƬǽ壬·ĩ١
˶ʱɫһ䣬رĪҶֵһ̣Ī˫֮Ǳɫʱͣתǿֲľ磻ҶǶȻ˫ۣУ˷뼤֮ɫ
ΪǾĺ磡
ֻҶɻǣĺ籾ӦصģΪʲôͻȻܳأûʱ룬Ҷӿȴûж֣Ϊû취֣ǿֲľ磬˵ˣ¾ħȥᱻ
˶ǰסˣ
ʲô磬ħʵ
һԵüͷƺЩʲô
㿴𣿡ҶԣϦͻȻĺֿܹģڱ˵ȥշǽӽܣ
ҶЦЦڳŰ磬Ҳĸоֲ̫ˣ˵ֻһСС߾¾һ߾߾޷ȥԿģ
ֻǾĲİܵõĺ磬ʵؽһأδ԰ٻȻиĵ
ʱǾͻȻתǵصףգۼʧǰ
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ҪʲôҶʵ
Ϧ£ȻĿĿҲǾĺ磬Ϊ˷֮⾳ܹշĺ磬͵绢ʵضʱӣ
ҶĬһᣬȻһ漴˵ͷ߻⣬һ˸ļϡҶЦЦȻһǵصױȥĺ磬վǲװ׷
ҪҲҪԹڷ
ϦѾص׵ҶıӰ˴ȻҲһȥ


329 
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ΣͻȻ˵һ䣬ɫһ䣬ǵļʶȻ֪ģ
Щ⶯ƺҲȥշϾշʵؽõġȻʱͻȻֵǾͱȥˣ
ΪʲôˮҶŮӼȻܣΪʲôǲܣԸħ˰ɣ
һˮȻǰˮҲʶˣôʱܹԿ磿У绹Ǿĺķ飬Ƿ飬ֲʮֹ
ҶŮΪΡϹβ
ЦһȻĪţѾ˷֮⾳ڼҪշǾĺ磬ôһģҶǺǣûʲô˵ƣ˾٣ˣ
ҿһˣϣ幫ӵǰĪġ˲ɱһʱûʾη֮ɫŶûԣҾãضʲô˵ĵƣĽͨأ
ͨ𣿡ЦЦȻҡҡͷ˵ͨЩŵģϾ˿ڶûֹһϡôܳأðɣһ˵ʹĽͨʵҲ̫ɵϾûܹϵͳѧսϣװϣ޷ȣ𣿡
ѾΪˣϣ幫ӿһ
Ὣǵѣ𣿡
ϣ幫ӳĬˡ
ʱһħͻȻڤǹħȡɣǾͲõȴǱˣڴҾһսΣ
üͷһ壬Ȼǲηħģֻھħ˾һսĻǶǲΪܽˣվһϣҪħĻƴͻֵ
ʱħֵӦҲ֪˫˵ʵҪκһǿԵģҪɱԷǻǲܣԣ˫һսǽǴܾˣװױˣҪǣܾûκε壬Ǳϣ˵أ
˼Ƿڤǹװ׽͸㿩üëһ
˵ɣħָ󣬵
ʱͻֻһʯ֮ϵڤǹǶʱʧ漴ǵ㳯ԶȥͬʱһЦԶǶҪǾ͸Ҿа
䣬ǵȴѾʧ֮С

ħһŭȣһһ߳ǺⱩȥһԵĻӦԥһ£ȻҲǸȥ
аһħʧĵطϣ幫ӳУӿ
ԣˮϹζҲ
ааڳ˶ʶģаȫƾϲãȻҪʵֵһ˵аˣǶģ֮Ϊ
󣬾аһһǹսĴɵӣЩеɶս˸飡ȻЩɵĵӶŰˣ
󣬾а˾ƷţҲܵţϧǣʱ׷ɱһ߾ǿߣûţþаʤ飬ҲõƷŶһδ
ڣǾаȻкɫ
ȥųаļһϣ幫Ӷһ仰Ȼһħ˵׷ȥ
ˮϹûԥҲһȥ
˵ıӰЦЦ׼ʣ׼׼а׼׼ħ׼ڤδעҪͳ׼˻ʣ˶ȫһǺǣ죬㾿ʲô˼أ

ص׺ҶǸоǺԽˣؽⶼЩ޷ֿǳǵĺ磬òͷųؽֿ⺮ϮСһϹ޷ֵ⺮ʱСһǷǳܵС֮С
ʱҶͣס˽Ųתǲ֪ʱѾϦ㵵ôˣ
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Ҷһ漴ʹһ˿ůô᲻֪ǰŮ˸ΪֻǸоģ
ҶҡҡͷԼľܴΣӦܵġûҪκϽҵѾ࣬飬ҶһҲǣ
Ϧ޵ͻȻӿһۺ죬ŭصҶһۣʲô飬˵Ȼɱ㣡
Ҷһ飬ϴô˵ʲôʲô
ϦԴʹԲֻֽŵ
ҶǱϦ仰Ĳ֪˵ʲôˣʱٴЩˡ
ΣҶڨЦЦȻǾĺҲʶˣԸһնû㻹ǱˡȻҲң㣬ͬʱҲǲðգģ
ΪʲôСһȥϦͻȻ̧ͷֱҶ
ҡҶٴˣΪͻȻҲˣΪʲôСһأΪСһĵԼ˵Ե𣿲ҲСһͬôΣȻὫСһﵱԼˡ
ϦûԷԼˣһ·Ϧʵ̫ˣǷԷȷʵеˡһΣǰδʵǲöԷðˡ
ҶϦһĨʧȻֻ뿴ĪҪôշĺ磬ûʲôϵ䣬һŵصӶȥ
״ҶЦЦȻҲһæȥ
֪˶ãҶоǹɺԽԽǿңؽⶼЩֿסˣҶɫޱΪĺĿֲΪֹѾȫ󣬶⻹ûʶ䱾£
Ǿĺ籾壬жֲҶЩˡȻûҪȣϾѾĺ磬Ŭһ£ôҲĵģвʣĽ֮·Ǻܲ
ҡҡͷҶٶȼӿ죬ǵص׵ǰ
Լ˽ʱҶͻȻͣ˽ŲΪϦͣǰ棬Ҷȥʵôˣ
Ϧҡҡͷɫصǰ治ԶӦþǾĺڣΪǰҵĵҲЩԿǵĺˡ˵⣬ϦתҶȷҪǰ
ҶЦЦߵˣܻȥɣ˵⣬ҶϦ㣬Ҫһȥ
ЩܲҶĿ⣬ϦתĿԶȻȻ
ҶһЦǾ߰ɣ䣬һԶӶȥ


330 ɱ䣡
ҶϦͣǰ棬ĪʱĪĿ⿴ǰĿǰδеأΧһεͬһְ㻤
ҶϦ˳ĪĿ˹ȥֻǵߴһƬڣ֮Уһɹĺ粻͸ǹɺ磬ǿļʹȫֿȻϮȫ֮СãȻϮ
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ܹԿռƻģҲǵ߾ǿߣĺȴ׾ٵصˣһǳԣɫǱޱء
ΪȻֻڣѾӵЩ֮Ī˵һ䣬ȻתͷҶϦҲĺ⣬ǺǣϦ֪ηѵҲ֪𣿡
Ϧ΢һ˲ĪǰһЦָᶯһɫ˲伤Ǻ֮ϣ߶ʱɢС
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ĪһȻҡͷЦЦҶδ׼ʣ֪ƺϣжôĲ𣿡
ѵ䣿ҶЦ
ȻĪ˵ͷߴ½Ī˭ƺţȻûһ˿Ȼ
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Ҷʼ磬ҪϲȥˣҶ˵ĺϣҲĻΪνƺţûһô鷳ƺ˭ϲ˭ȥˣһҲϡ
ΪʳƺʲôǶ˵þõ𣿡
ĪȻ漴һɫ˲両ǰһ̣һ˲伤Ҷ
ԷͻȻͶ֣ҶɫҲǳŮвûзϻҶֽճȭȻһȭɫ֮ϣ
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ֻǾʲôܶԸأܿ죬Ҷ뵽һǾСУֻǣôСйͨء
ϴСз費ָоǾСкܴءңҪСԸĺ磬ҲýĺŪСва
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ʱͻҶ˾㵵Ŀ֮УǾ羹ȻʼѸٵСˣ
һĻϦЩˣɱ䣬Ҫγɷ飡
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Ϧԭǻ״̬ûһ˿ǣڣɱ䣬ɱɹͻγɷ飬γɷһ̣ʱҲֻöԸʱշΨһĻᣡ
ԣҶ۾ʱˣνķ飬ӦþڤһڤȻ˵ҲûлΣǶԷȴǵģӹɵġĺ磬ƾҪɱڤ̬Ҳ˵лˣ
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һĪҶһϣ漴ӿĺ磬ڱصá
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Ϧ˵ͷȻ󻺻˳ĿĪȴǿҲûҶߣֻĿԽԽС磡
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ʱ˶ˣ
һ˲Īٶȱ绹죬գۼĪλãȻʱǸλȴǿտҲ
Īﲻ֪ʱѾɫС֮ǰһһƴĽɫֳϣ漴ɫ˹ȥ
ɫԭȻݡһǳԶӶȥȻǽɫȴǴ͸ռ䣬˲ͷȻһɢ£С
һĻĪɫһϲȻʱһһɫ߶
ĪһȻһӣǽɫֻһʧԭأһ̱ǳʮɿ⣡
һĻҶϦɫ䣬Īٶʵ̫ˣ쵽Ǹ޷׷ϣ
УҶͻȻ۾һȻ͵غȵСһٶȱ㻹죬㻹


331 ǧһ
Ϲ֣ҶϦǰҶˣգգۣȻתͷѾʧ߾ͷĪԷĪٶȣСһ۾ʱһȻ̧Сצһӡ
ٿ֮УĪ￴ϵĽɫ֣Уźεϲ˷ܡս᲻ҶϦ֣Ҫܣ˷֮⾳ǰʮҶϦҲȻ
Ҳ˵ɷķĪˣ
뵽⣬ʹҲ̲סֳһ˿Ц⣬ȻʱͻȻͫһͬ۶ϰһŤǿгԱߺʮɣƿԭվλñǹسһɫ⻡
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ĪɫһĨɫָ΢ʮɫ˲ɫڣؽļӳ£Ľ˲佫Ūһ޴Ŀ漴һͬһһ㴮˳ȥȻ
뿪һ̣һɫ⻡ǹسǰ赲סȥ·ĪɫȻһһɫУ漴͵ؾһ족һ죬Ϲ˲ɢ
һΣڱٶȷӵ˼£һ⣬ԶӶȥȻմʮɵľ룬һɫ⻡ǰһΣǽٵɫǰ

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ȻʱҶϦǰ
ɫЩĪҶ˫΢УɫΪأԷٶȣ¾߾ǿߵ׷ϣûСһֻпŶԷܵķˣ
ĪûˣҶϵĪźεɭɱ⣬ռռһ壬Īҿɲ£䣬ָᶯʮͬ㳯˹ȥ
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ȻϦģһΣҲû֣ǵصļӳ£νĪǽһֿû
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Ī￴Ҷĺ磬ܹģȥҲΨ·һѵ𣿡
ҵ£ҶϦ˵ǵһˣҪɱ㣬Ƕǲܵ£һ֣㲻Ƕ֡ĺ磬ȥ
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ҶҲǱһӣ׽ϻУһ׽ϻڵ漴Ҷ˫𽥳ȻԣǾ԰ɣ䣬һһٶʱһ漴һɫһٶ֮мͬһ㣬ĪＤȥ
СгΪҶԵʣڵ֮еʹһ߾ҲȲϣԣҶޱ£һٶϵؼбǳ˲ǧɫǰƣΪˣ
һĻĪ˫΢УԭҲûеôΣ䣬΢ǰȻֳָǧɫ£ǧɫ콣ҶĽ˹ȥ
䡭
һص쳹漴һͬӿһ㣬ܲӿ˿֮ŤͬʱصΧǾҲһֱ۴ֵѷ죬ӣЩطѾʼ̮صףһƬǽ壡
Σɢȥ
˫ʱ˵ǺǱĪȫ³һۣйȴûΣգΪڣһɫĹ֣Ҳֵ֣סҶĽ꣡
ҶǱˣȫµﶼѾмģûг㣬ΪһϽսףûϽսףƾȥֿ졢Ҽӳؽеģ
ʹϽսףҶɻЩܣؽӳֵʵ̫ˣϣɢǽȴɻڣ˽⣬¶Էƾؽնɱ
Ҷһȥˣĺ磬ڱصãԵϦ˵ͷ߻⣬ǰ̤һӿһɵâ䵶ֶ֮ڳһĪＤȥ
ͬʱҶϵҲСצһӣһɫ˲Īܣ赲棬ûСһСצӶʱɫ⻡͸ռ䣬˲˹֮УĪ˹ȥ
ҶҲûţһһٶһٶɫ⸩£ǹ֮еĪȥ
һĻĪɫڱˣԿκһˣаգȻһҶϦҪϿռֲļһûƣʵûƣٶҲûƣʱεֵ
һĪ￴һнɫ֮еɫһĨᣬȴֻһ˲һ̣ĪһĨЩȻǴҶõˣ䣬һӣɫֶʱɫ˳ǽɫӭ籩ǣһ޴֣˽ȥ
䣡
Ҷ˵Ĺǽɫ֮ϣжʱһ羪װĺǽɫֲ˲Ȼ˿δ
ɫԭȻѸٻһ⳯ԶӶȥٶȱĪﻹҪϼֻ֣һգۣѾʮȥˣ
һĻҶͫһȻȻȵСһץס
˵СԴȻһ˲ʮɿ⣬ȻСצһӣһϹ˲סɫȻֻһ˲ɫɫ֣ȻԶӶȥ
һĻСһʱŭˣСצ̧Ȼͻӡ


332 ľ
ɲǼ䣬ٵɫֶʱɫܣŰΧɫûԴУǲϳɫھȥײ£ɫһֲؽ顭
ÿһ㣬ͻµһ֣ѭʹɫıڣ
סĺͬʱǷ˼Ϲ⣬Ȼܲˬĺ硣ϧϹ⻹δӴĺ磬Ǳޣ
ĺ类סһԵĪɫٴγԭΪҶû취ץסĺģϾǾĺٶȿǱ˷֮⾳Ҫġֻû뵽ռȻô̬ȻֹĿռͨ
ȥշסĪʱϦͻȻҶ
Ҷ˵ͷȻһɫӶȥ
ҶǾĺȥĪɫһ䣬׼֣һϹһ˲ǰ
Ҷǰڹ֮ײɫɫޱȣﰡ뵽ǰշڤĳҶ鲻ԽشһζĺֲܿҵĻϵİ¡
ڣƾԼһ֮շҶЩɻЩԥˡ
ҶԥͬʱסĺĹھĺҵײ£ԽԽϡˣңʱľĺƺҲŭˣǷתٶȣȻȸճʱʮֹĽʶ£ռȻû飬ҲЩŤ
ǳǾĺ磬ҶоΧһеֹͣˣǵģԶϦĪսҲˡʱ˿ֻ̣õԼ
ڻûץסĺʱĵģץĺȴǶҡˣֱоʱʵ޷շĺģΪĴָСɫ̺֮ĿԴɽ󺣵ġһȥؼ
뷨õģʵȴǲпġ
ǼпܾһʲôǸƣԼȻǲģϾҪ䣬̫ĶˣԼ͸𣿵ȻҲǲĵģԼսĿʲôȻΪ˱ǿֻҪĺ磬δ֮УԼ֮ءԶһ˵ĻԼǿʲôȥԿٻܾȳĸףţʲô壿
Ҳ˵ǿҶʵҲˡ
뵽⣬ҶЦˣǵģЦˡһ;رǽ޵Ĳǹ޵ʵģ·ϣأûмᶨƵıģ۷壿
һ;֮⣬ʣҲǹҲԴľľǿߣߣǿ۷ģ
ġģʹǴﵽ˽ͨҽﵽ۷ҶľȻȱݵġãʱʶˡ
һҶһĨȻԺҵػţڷƴһѣһԼֲûнʲôԥģ
ˣҶһ˲ǸպײɫڵɫǰȻһ̽ץУʱҶͫһΪڸץɫһ̣ϵѪ˲ʳĭ
ԥͣ٣Ҷ͵һ̽˶УȻ󡭡
ɫ֮еһ̣Ҷ˫۶ȻԲ漴ɫ˲Ťı״ţҶ֮УѪӿ˳ˣһɹǵĺ羹Ȼڻ˳ЩûƮɢΧʴҶ
Ҷʲôо
ʹ裬ʹϵʹڤʱѾԹϵʹѾ׼βһһϵʹɫҶں󣬲ûĴƻڲͷ֮Ϯ꣡
ϵʹҪϵʹӿֲģ
һ˲䣬ҶٱǳŤ̲סҲҶΧЩ磬ͬһĵһ㲻иʹǿȣȻǱеıˡ
˫صľʹõҶʶģǣ֪ʶģñһ˿ѣΪһʶģû취ĻϽķȥշǾĺ磬Ҳ˵ֻҪʶģȥԶѹ
ڣɫҶ֮󣬱ͬһ汦һҶĴεţΪʲôûƻҶڣΪʱҶڱһɫţȻҶΪȻһ׼Ҳû͸ĺ磡
ھѾǿҼɫӦֵܹƬĺġȻɫҪƻĻɫ϶赲˶õģֻǣҶɻɫȻɫ֣Ҫӽɫ
ǵģɫʱЩΪƺϲɫؽӽƺڼɵʲôҪӴʱȴæ˻ȥȻȴǺܲģȻּȥӽֻÿҪӴɫʱȴæ˻ȥѭ
ҶΪʲôôʹأΪĺǱʶͷųǵĺ磬ĺֻ֪һõҶ졣
ҶΪʲôĺ磿ȻСУͬһһҶĻķȥǾĺ磬ֻǺܲ룬ΪһǷǾĺǺܷӦܴȻͻڱQһ£ȻҶʹˡ
ǿѹϴľʹҶʼõڶˣǾǽɫСбȥ⣬ɫСк󣬽Ӧûڤһ
ʲôأȻɫҶĿ£ɫһ˿˿ƽɫɫɫƺܻãȴƺֺܼɵҪȥӽֲңȻֻܱɫرųСп
УϦĪﶼûսˣΪɫҶµһ̣սûκˡ
ŤɫʹҶϦķ·ʲôһ£Ų΢ƺȥҶһ뵽һԵĪֻǿѹסеĳ嶯Ȼһ߹עҶһ߽䱸Ī
ҲǣҲȥҶôˣܣΪֻ赲Īٶȣ
Ȼ̾ĺ磡Ī˫΢УУ֮ɫ֮Ըĺ⣬Ϊ˷֮⾳Ӱĺ֮⣬ΪļΪ׼ȫķ
ҶȴǾ̡ŵͬʱǱˣ
ݣ
ʱһƷ漴һ˳ĪϦС
ˣĪ۾һ漴ֻĿһϦ
Ϧɫ׳


333 ȼԴ
ĲǱˣڤǹûȤģ֮ħֻǲϣǹħǹ˱ȻûȤȥᣬֻҪħͺã
ڤǹĺȤﰡǶ۹ҲֻһѰĺ磬ʵؽʱս˭ĵ֣
ۼĹսʹҲ˵޵Уӵĺ磬ǾͲһˣԣˣ
һ۳е״ĿҶϣȻüͷһ壬ˣ
ȻûʱĪЦӦ˵ոպã
һĪȻûɹ
ȻĪǿнǾĺ̽ڣȻҲ֪ҪʲôȥշǾĺ磬ǿΣƺôᡣǣȷȷʵʵûշĺ磬Ҳ˵ǻлᣡ
ǣһȻһһԵϦ漴ЦЦ˵ĺܶԣǣҶȻ۾ĺĹޣ㿴Σ
ҿУĪ￴һϦȻҿֻǿռЩ鷳а취
һ£ȻҶ۹ռһҲѺã㡭δ˵꣬ɫһȻһ뿪ԭأͬʱһɫ⻡ԭվλá
㶦۹أʱĪͻȻЦ˷ѿˮˣռǲȥԸҶģȻҲ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ȥάһ࣬ǣʵˡԣ㻹Ƕְɣ
˵ͷȻȻˣǾսɣ䣬һҶӶȥ
״һĨ漴˫ͫ˲ϣСצһӣǰķ򴦵ĿռʱŤ
һĻ˫΢У֮ɫֽճȭȻת͵һ䣬ʱһɫ˹ȥ
գգۣȻһʧԭأԱ߶ʮɿ⡣ȻǽɫȴǶȻתȻٴαȥ
գգۣȻԴЩ޷˽⣡ʱûʱȥЩСצٴһӣһɫ⻡˲ɫޡ
սʱĪϦţǶʵ࣬ս֣壬Զ˲ûж֣
ռ赲ģĪûҳϣҪӣ߾֮ûκһܹ׷ģԣȥܣأȻȥҶ˵˵ĶԲأ
Ϧüͷ壬ŵԽԽԽԽꡣ
䣡
ʱһڳ쳹ȥŮȥֻһм䱬
ɢȥҡҡͷȻԭҲ˵ģֻǲˣʹңҲûأ䣬һһɫС
ɫϦɫ䣬ȻȵСһܣ
Сһһ㶣Сǲ⡣
ʱһǸɫݡһ͸ռǰȻһУͬʱһɵĽɫǸɫֽ֮ڣ
ЩˣСצһӣһȻģǸɫʼϡ
˷ʱˣ⡮˵ֻҪʹӵĺǣҲ㣬һ᲻ڵڹƬ̣ͻΪһֻͨޡ
˵꣬ٹʹתҶȻʱһԵϦȴһȥֻǿϧնĪǳǰ㻹ǹԹԴɣ䣬һնһɫֶ

Ϧһŭȣͷİ׷˲һֻ̣ɫ˲Ұɫͷİ׷ҲԽİˣĵȴ˲˵ڰأˣҲһ˲䱩˽屶
һĻĪɫһ䣬ĪʧȼԴϦΪһˣȻȼԴ֪㱾ֻʣȼԴһ궼ˣ֪
θɣϦһȣ䵶͵ؾһһ·͸ռ䣬˲Īǰ
Īͫһ͵ؾһնһɫǵײһȻֻǸһӴɫѩһ㣬˲ɢС
ص⣬Ȼǿˣ
ĪﲻӲӣһٶʩչ£ɢԭء
һĪϦȻתȻȥأȴûη֮ɫٴνճȭȻϦ͵ؾһ䣡

һ漴ɫȻ֣ȻϦȥɫǵĻһڣϦײ˹ȥ֮ռһҶֲ֮
ɫ԰׵Ϧ鲻䣬εһնһֶ˲ǽһնɢţٴһնһһһɢУȻϦȴһѪ˳ɫǲҰ׵ˣһ˿ѪɫҲޣ
ɫϦǰʱϦһĨȻٴΰεһնһɫ˲仯ޣֻϦȴٴһѪˣǾҲǵҲ֮ǰǰңѾʼҡ
Ϧ׼ʤ׷ʱٵɫȻϦɫһ䣬Ҵ⣬Ȼתֶǰٵɫնɢֻɫף۾Ҳǽĳְɫˡ
ǿԼɫǰٵɫϦնɢ⡮˻ȭƷû뵽ȴһҲвֻǿϧעֻ꼻һ֡ȼǿԼʵⱾѾ֮٣Ƶڱ˰ɣ
ѾڻɢưʱҲûΪеģֵһԣĪﵭ
Ϧüëһû˵ֻ䵶̧бָĪ
Ը
ͷȻǰ̤һȻһֱ̱Ϧǰ漴һȭֱӺϦԴûκλκζĶֻǾ򵥵һȭ
سɴ磡
ϦͫһҲľͺն
䣡
ȭͷϦ䵶֮ϣǿʱ䵶һĻȣͬ۶һ㣬䵶ϦٴһѪȻǿ֮µɶ֮УϦǿѹסϵķɣȻ͵һնһֶ˲ȭͷ֮ϣ͡һȭͷһѪֱӷ˳ȥ
ɫ˲ŭȵȻʵ˵ûˣֱû˶а취ǣʱܹܴ裿
һŭȣһٴϣ漴һȭ͵غɫֶϦ˹ȥ
ΣɫϱǰˣҲǰ࣬ңǽɫҲʵʻˣֱ
ɫϮϦǲ԰׵ͫ׾һһþȫ֮εһնһɵĵֶײһ𣡡䡱һɢ˿У͵ر˳
ǽԼȥϦжʱһȻʱĪͻȻسǰ漴һɫǰһ


334 ڣ
Ϧ˫͵Բ漴Ǵɫ˫֮ͫеɢ˫ۻ΢գڱϵһ̣Ҷķһֻۣһۣˡ
䣡
ʱһҶڳ𣬻ӭ籩ǣУʱһƬ𺣡
һĻĪɫһ䣬Ϊǻ棬ȻǶоһּΣյĸо
Ҷ˫ۣһ£ɫ˲д˳ɫ˴һ̣ݡһǻһ⳯ԶӶȥ
Ҷûнĺ磬ĺԸƵе֮УշڤһСжɫƺҲĪв棬ɫʱˣҶһϲȻæʼĻ̵ķȥĺ磬Ҫɹʱܵ˳е龰СһﱻϦ
ɫӶȥĪһ㶣Īû˿ԥһһ糯Ǿĺ籩Ӷȥ
ɫһȻԥ£һӣǸʱɻУռǲɱֵģȻпռһ붦۹սʱʹʶһܹס
ջظһһԽɫ˲Ȼһȣζʱʮɿ⡭
ĪʱǶûʱȥҶϦ˵ĺҪģ
ҶߵϦԣڵϣɫ԰ף˫΢յϦһɻʱĵ˿ҶⱲûʲôڵ£һΣĺˣϦȥշǾĺ磬ϦСһﵥȥԵˣˣĺˡ
ȪҶ˫֮л

Ҷ͵̧ͷһŭ˫֮ͫУ˲һѪɫɱ¾޾ڱӿУڤƺҲܵҶŭ𣬡족һը죬𺣲ϱǣ֮һƬޡ
ģҶ֮ͫĲȪѪᡭ
һϹҶļ֮ϣʱΪͫϵϹҲޣ·ʱҪɢȥһ㡣
ҶĲӣȻСԴʹҶգֻƺ̫û±Ҷϵȥ
ҪʱҶ˫ֽסģҶ˫ͫѪˣСһСԴҶսСڵɫ֮СȻĿ˵ϵϦϣ
ףҶϦȻɫӿϦڴȥӱϦѾȫޣĲˣԼҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪֻǵԣЩʲôɣֻֻһ˿ϣһ˿ϣҲûҲҪԡ
ɫϵӿ룬Ϧ֮ϽһɫâϦǲ԰׵ɫҲ𽥺ˣϦǰǸҲڻϣһȻȴʵʵڵڷ
ҶϲæɫģһʱȥϦǰĽѾȫȬɫҲָȻϦڵȴȻȫޣ˫ɽţ
ҶֻˣٴηӿʱȥˣϦȻȫޡ
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôҶʧţͻȻ뵽ʲôȻ˫΢գڣȻɫ֮ϵţ֪϶а취Բԣ
Žţûһ㷴Ӧ
Ҳ֪㾿ǸʲôڣҲ֪ΪʲôҪѡңǣ֪㲻ȣǾͬھɣҶ
ȻգûһӦ
ȻˣҶ˫ۻϣȻǾͬھɣ䣬ҶȥȻһǱֱȥ
һξڶģصСвҸͬھ˵СзҪɣСзɣͶĳɹˣСвϦʧˣʧˡʱĻôࣿ
İΣȻġСҲԲµģСв£С֮е϶Ҳ£ĵģֻСǲҪҶҪͳɹҪ
ȻкܶܶǣңܶҪǣʱ˿̣¿
Ҷ񣬲ȥ˵ˣܼ
һΣҶĶˣ
ͷֻаʱ򣬷·ʲô赲סһ㣬Ҳ޷磡漴ҶС֮еǵŻ˿ȻһƴɫֱϦü֮Ȼʱ
֮ϣʱܲ漴һֶ֮Ȼֱ£һ̣ز
֮ǧĹ֮УһӰǹ֮зϿգž֮صķɫǰδеء
˲Ǳˣǰ׷ǧã
ž֮صķǧɫص콵ף˭֮٣

ǵһ̣ûжԵ˿ƻֱӴ͸棬Ȼ˲ҶͷųǵϵϦȥ
ͻȻֵףҶɫ䣬ΪǰȻ㷴֮ģһĿ־˲ȫȻڵأ
⾿ʲô
ʣ漴ҶһĨɫȻһһɫױȥ
䴦ϦڣҶˣ
ȻʱһɫƾնֳҶǰȻǵ׻ײһ
顱һ죬Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮Уǵ˲ɢһףƴɫʱɻҶڣȻһϹֶסڵϵϦϹһ˲Ҷǵ֮УȻŽգ
Ҷԭأʲô˼ʲô˼
ϦǻСʲô˼ϦŪȥˣǰǵ־ʲôΪʲôͻȻصף
һϵеͬʯҶв
ȻʱҶͻȻɫһ䣬̧ͷԶֻһɫӰԶӶ⣬ҶͫһΪɫӰǾĺķ飡ĺķ󣬻ˣ˲ǱˣĪ
ˣҶ˲ͬʱһѪ˲˫ۣҶ׼ʱǾĺȴͻȻҶǰ׼ȷ˵֮ǰϦɵλãѰʲôλǻ˸
Ҷһ㶣Ȼȥĺ磬ڶ˵ĺһûһһƣĿĪȻʱǾĺȴͻȻǰȻ󲻶ϵţҶʲô
ûʱᣡҶһŭȣȻһĪﱩȥ


335 ϱۣ
Ҷû˿֣ɱ¾ͷţٶҲ˼£ȻƾˣɱĪġĪֻвɾʱһϸСĻ˿˲Ҷ֮ϣƻ˿ʱҶΧĿʱˣ֮һƬȻ֣Ǳ˿Ŀ£
ǰΪ˾ϦʲôĶ˦⣬Сг֣ϦӦûΣˡȻϦûΣգǾǸñʱˣȻ֪ĺΪʲôܻѾҪҪĪˣ
һ˵ҶǿһΪɱ¾ɫڤǿƣҲأĿģȻǻɱĪ
Īʲôģʱ˿̣˵ʲңǽʦŮҶҲɱ
˵Ī׷ĺ֮ʱĺ粻֪ͻȻʲôȻͷۻأٶȣȻܵʱ˼֣ͷ·ʲô˵ĺöһ㣡Ī˶ɻ󲻽⣡
Ȼɻ󲻽⣬˿û˶ǽٶ˼£Ȼ׷˹
յĪɫ䣬ΪһɿֲϢϮҶʱĪһݣҶȻǿ
û⣬ΪҶѾǰĪһߣһɫУ΢ɫһӰҶĽ˹ȥҲû֣ؽޱΪҶĽиܵһ˿ļµĸо
һԣһҶĪȻջĿ⣬˵ҶĪûʲô˽֣ץǾĺõʱ
һǾĺ籩ӶȥȻʱͫһȻתͷҶĪ
죡
ҶеĽĪĽ޻εײһȻĪ˫ԲУǾ֮ɫһ̣족һ죬˲仯һƬޣţҶеĽ͵Դ
ȻĪԴֻвʱһɫֶȻĪȫסҶĽֻһ˲͡һ죬ɫֱɫһ˲仯ޣ
һ̣Īвž֮ɫޱȿ־֮ɫĽƷɫһƷ飬ȻҶһ֮£Ȼ˲һʱĪжȻһɺڣΪҶӲƴһģ
ƷױƣĪȻӦɲʩչ˷֮⾳ȻسԱһȻЩˣҶĽұ۴һն£
ͣ
Īұ۶ʱһѪ˿У

һ˹ŭڳ쳹ȥĪɫ˲һҿĽڳΧƾն֣Ǻˣ
ãҶǸɣ䣬ҶĪ͵ؾһһɫ˲佣⴦ɱ¾ɫԼһ˿ļӳ£ɫĿֲޱȣ
ɫٶȼ죬紩͸ռһ㣬˲Īǰ֮һİɫۣȼճޣռ·𶼱ȼʼŤ
ĪһŭʱΧɫʱ϶ΪһȻһҶɫײһ
䣡
һ˶Ȼ棬˲ѣ
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Ӧˣǵģ˲ˣ˵ԼĴϣУһʩչǿ£߲ҶڤӲƴĻҶҪɱе㲻ʵġϾԷʵ뾳磬Ƿǳǿģ
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ϦҶéǰߵéݣéݵűǻ˿Ļ˳ĻϿһҶȻĿҶϦϣϦһ̣Ļüͷ䣬ȫޣϧˣ
䣿Ҷüͷһ壬ĻϺ⣿
ĻЦЦϣЩϲ֮£ȴûı£Ȼǻᱻϲ䣬䣬ǺֲܿģΪ㻳ŮӣӦϣ߼֮֮£ȻűϲԽ³ͷģ
ҶĻϣзָ
ҪĻϿҶһۣЩ
Ҷ˵ͷ
֪Ҳ֮٣ĻϵˣҲζУһҪͷģͷأ
ҶҡҡͷĻϣ˵ʲô취ԾɣͷǺǣ޷һѣкξ֮
ĻϿҶΣȻҡҡͷᣬ׳嶯ҲգҲ㣬ȻҪǺͷˣ˵⣬ĻϿһϦȻҪ͵ûָϲĨȥ޸Ҳ൱ھһˡѶǷǳģ׼
ҶһۻеϦȻѣҲҪȥ
Ļϵ˵ͷַԻָڵһַһΪ֮Դ⡮֮Դۼɣ˵޸һ˵һ˵ĻɢˣֻҪûгɢ䶼ܹ޸ˣˣԼ޵
ȥ֮ԴҶϲ
ĻҡҡͷҲ֪ҿȷֶΪһǼϧѾǡ֮Դõ
ԣҶЦЦȻĻϣ˵ڶɣĻ϶֪⡰֮ԴҪȥңȻǲ˷ʱģֻϦȵ
ĻЦЦȻڶֱȵһһЩȱˣ˵Ȼݣڶַǡ˳
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ԣҶһȻĻϣھͽҵָϦɣ
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˿Եϵ䣿Ҷʵ翵ĶάһŻ߼˥ĶôҲ췣أ
ȻĻϵǱصһҲǱضϵ䣬ӦǿԵġʱӦôڿʼӦؽԼָڡŵ״̬ȻԺ˹Ҳģ˽ȥڽһԷָѹȻҪֶͿԼѡˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻҡͷЦԭȥսֻΪѰĺ磬Ǳ֮ûġֻڣҲ˰ˣҶڱصã
һҶĻϣڸηϦ
ԣĻǲϵӶʱЩŹˣ˰ΣһȻһҶǰȻԼɣ䣬Ļֱʧԭء
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340 ˫ݾ
ῴһۣҶɫЩȻˣΪνġ˫޾ָ˫ޣȻһһԪԷԴԴΪ˴ﵽͨľ磡
ܵ˵⡰˫ݾ˶ôֻ࣬ǡ
ŻеϦҶɫӲȻˣһǳ֮𣿿ϦȻ
벻ȣҶЩˣ
վԭذΣҶȻҡͷһЦԳԼǲˣǰŮΪѾ㣬ҶⱲܸԷȻǲܵģȻܸǻԥʲô
ڵʱôϦ⻹ҪĲоӲģӲĲоģҶⱲӾ϶ˣ
ͨҶԥһӣϹȥ
һɽ֮УǰϦҶٴηˡȻѾͨˣҪʱлЩģϾⷽ棬ûоġΨһһΣǲѵʱҶһͱƲѣ
ڣˣȴ޴ˣ
վԭذΣҶҡҡͷȻ󻺲ߵϦǰǰǰϦϦòǼģ·쾫ĵ̵һ㣺ӨգۣͦʺСڣ֯ټһͷѩ׵İ׷ʱǰϦ·Ǿ֮ϵŮ˼Ůӡ
ǰŮӣҶЩˡ
ܹԶǰŮӣʵҲһҸءҶͷ
ʵҸʱĺܼ򵥡
ҶϦʺС֮һǣȻⱲӣ㣡
䣬ҶЩֻϦؿڡ
˵ǼٵģϾͷһθ£ҶԷǻԵġ£ȻǵһΣǴ˶ʦͨģҶҲ⣡
⿪Ϧȹ¶һĨѩ֮ʱҶʱͷ֮ϣǸ˼κ飬·˴սһ㣡
Ҷ˫۱ϣһȻ˫ۣ˫ٶȼӿ죬ܿ죬Ϧȫ·ҶѹˣһϢҶУ壬Ҷ˫ЩˣӼˡ
ҶȻ̫࣬Ȼг嶯ԣʦͨ˫ֻ塭

ʱ󣬶УҶϦﴩãȻ촽֮һǣϦţһܿͻѹģ䣬ҶϦսС֮С
ϦսС֮Ҷ˫΢գʼĿ˫ݣһʼȷʵʴǣǵȴǼΪģΪ⡰˫޾Ӧһ˹˫һģֻϦڻԣֻһĹ󣬼ֽԼͨ˫޴ϦʱҶ˵ǼΪƣģ
ȻƣĸԸġ
һʱҶ˫ۣȻһħϵõǡħ塱ϡ
Ȼӵڤĺ磬˹ֲĽ󣬵ǣȻСЩšҪ֪еƣѵ˼ҾûָЩ˵ĵƱĵƸǿأ
ԣҪǿֻбǿˣǱռһϯ֮أ˼ֻлˣϦܻ
ΪϦҲΪĸףҲΪԼҪĸǿУΪǿΪ磬ûʵһжǸƣ
еġħ塱أҶԽԽˣΪħĺǿֻһоҶ𾪲ѡħϲҶѾܹħжǿˣ
ô˵ħϲɣԭǿȣҶ¾߾ǿ߶˵ֺֻҶЩεģħʵ̫̬̫̬ˣ
Ϊô˵ΪҪħ壬ҪһǾҪǿһ̶ȣʲô̶ȣٵõ޵ǿȡҪҶ㣬ֻڶҪҶΨпЦˣ
ڶǱӵֱΪչҺҶشȹáҶһҲʶҶֻܿЦΪȫƷ
ƷݣǷʦҲŪİϾֻҪ׵ݣмУֻҪһ֣ǾǸģħ壬ȴҪ֣ҶΨпЦˣ
ڵ֣ҶЦЦˡΪǣҪ޵ľѪҲ׻ȸ䣡Ѫˣأ죬ѵҪȥΪ
ֻϲҪ˶춫Ҫ²ǻˣ
ʱҶЩħΪʲôôˣΪһ˾õ⡰ħ塱Ҳûõģڣӵħ壬Ҳ
ҶûΪħ壬ĺܱ̬رǶԣǱɫڤģ֮ûħôǿֻΪûйõ幦
ħ壬ڼڤҶţܹħ𣡱ϾħûɫڤôĶ
뵽ҶһӣϹŹǷȥ֮ȥǣȥռ⣬ΪȥŪʯҪ֪ʱĺܣһʯҲûˡǼƷʯܲûǲõΪãڹؼʱ̣ܾģ
һᣬҶ˹ǣŹĵѾ޸ţҶипࡣ⣬Сһ˫˫⣬Сһ뵽СһҶʱ漴һĨӿҶ˫ۣϦСһģһգҪǰٱ
Ҷ㣡ʱһҶЩϤǰ
ҶתͷֻһȺ֮˳Ϊ׵ˣպúϤǽ޼裬󣬻ŴԼʮˣӷװЩ߶ߡ
˵裬֮أǲȥģΪȥǸطģеȥˣֻб׵ķݣˣ齨һ֧飬ÿǰΧһЩطǲ̫Զÿ컹Ҫϻع֮УΪڳ⣬ܲȫ
ڣǾҪȥֻû뵽һžҶ뵽Ҷʵ뽣޼ǷǳɵģƽʱǶ˾ǻͷߵģֻǲη壬Ϊûվôţ
ҶʱһӴҶȻ
뽣޼Ҷ˫۶ʱ΢ʻҶĿϣǺˣ
һӦҵְɣ˾Ĵ֮һҵĶӣҰֽգ㡭
Ǹû
ҶһһϹ˲ǰһһնɱӺҶ뽣޼ںѾ߳˹أҲ˵
⣬뽣޼ɫ䣡


341 ţ
ҶҶһȣȻδ˵꣬һϹǹӴһȻȻֹѪ䲱ӴţԴһᣬ˵ϡ
˴ľ
ҶһУɻУһǵͷʬ壬ҶҡҡͷٻˣôᣬӽԺҼһɱһ˵⣬ҶͻȻ̧ͷǽ޼޼ɫһ䣬ȻԥسӶȥ
Ȼδ߽ţһϹǰһ
ֻգۼ䣬޼ǱҶɱڳηˡȻҲųţǺ֪֮ǾǾս޼裬ȻȴҶһӲ¡
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ջٴһУ뽣޼ɽǷɵУպɽ䣬ҶΧЩ¶ɵ֮ɫߣĿ⿴ǲ֪ʱѾ޸˵ţ˰ΣҶ̧Ų˹ȥ
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Ҷ˫΢У˫սеĽȻ϶͵ؾһն
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Ҷסڶɫʱ֮ڵĿռٴγֲ漴һɫֶȻ͸ռ䣬˲ҶǰҶ׼ԣǰ˵Ĺ֮Убٴγһ֮ϣȻһƻ˿
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֪ҶΪʲôܵ췣ⲻҪҪҶǾζҪҶҲҪУΪҶ֮ǿģֻǣΪһֻؽĽޣֵã
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342 ʣ
ߣקʲôקҪŸƵģ
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ʵȷʵǿǸض裬֮УǵĵλҲضõߣֻǿϧˡ̾һ
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ǿɲһû׼Ҳһ񵱳ʦأ
ʦЦˣһһѾѵˣ춼ɵģ

Ҷɨһ۱ջĿ⣬ȻųȥڣֻҸĵطΪҪⶫ˵򣬾ߴ½ǼġȻħѾҪͼķɵͼ֮Уû˴ﵽħʵ
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ȻģȫѾûʯ磬ⶼǷǳģΪʾ磬ⶼǼʯģرСбɵ֮ÿһεգǶҪϵġ
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ҶʱҲһ漴ɫЩȻ
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ҶڣɫȻһЩǰҶҲŸ֮ɫɷϣкøеģֻ컯ŪˣһСʹҶĹϵֽȥʱҶȴһɳ죬ưһѾܸʵˡ
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һ㶣ȻɬһЦһҪϾǱ˵˵áңĺõĻԷֵ˼ңҼ˵ĪĻԵ
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ʱԪͯüҶӦҲ֪֮еĴ˰ɣ֪֮ЩĹȥǣҲߣϣʱ˶Թ߶Žǲܹ֮棬ҲܹǱһϯ֮أ
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ҶϾܾЦЩ˺浽ͷЩ˹ܵġ
ҶҲǸظˣȻ֪˶֮ԾܾԪͯˣҪԭװƣԪͯˣ
ûȤӦöĸ׵ȤɣʱԪͯͻȻ
Ҷɫһ䣬ȻתԪͯ


343 
ʲô˼һҶУҶ䣬ǣ
ʱĽæ֣ȱԪͯ˼ǻܹﵽһЩæ
ҶһĽȻֿԪͯ΢΢ͷҶĬΣȻʲôæ
ҶʻԪͯԼĽʱһҶԸƢǷǳģҲΪǲ֪ҪǰҶͷ̸Ƕôһ׵£
Ԫ֪ͯҪĸףӦҲ֪жѡԺǸʱǾûģ˵𣿡
˵ص㣡Ҷ
ԪͯҲ˵ͷҲ޷ĸףȱһ˵ꡣȻ޷ĸףȴܹĸڰٻٳЩ࣬óԿ࣡ˣĸ׼棡
һ仰ҶƤһȻƾʲô㣡
ԪͯЦЦȻתһ꣬˵ͷȻҶԪŵһ洫ӣȻⲻص㣬صҹùǰٻһóϣȻֻеһϣҲЩȨģ
ʱһվ˳ҽǰٻٻһӳרŸٻķӦҪĸһۣӦûʲô⡣ǰǾ͵͵ϰٻ
кüöڰٻȻְλЩͣ͵͵æչĸףӦûûģ
ȻûڰٻҸУҸ׵ڰٻĵλǲ͵ģʲôϣ룬ӦҲܹﵽһЩæİɣ

һᣬоʮ˷Щˣһڰٻˡ
ҶһۣȻңб
ԪͯЦЦңûõڰٻʦڰٻһλѣʦλڰٻĵλܸߣڰٻĹ뼸ʵȨϡȻҲ޷ĸףǣܹĸڰٻܿ࣡
ҶĬˡò˵ĶˡӦ˵Ԫͯߣ
ǿھʹȥĸףĸ׺̸ֵ£ԣԪֵͯ
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ԪͯЦЦˣǲΪϣǺ֣ŽᣬǣΣ
ҶĬΣȻԣ
ҶӦԪͯԼ߶ʱ˿ǵģҶʱеķǺصġҪ֪ҶһǿߣΨһһ·ģ·ƾǸҶǾܸŻĺô
ڻȥĸףԪͯ
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ΪʲôҪӣҶԪͯڿټߣ
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344 㻹˰ɣ
ϱߵһɽ֮Уʮķٶȥʮɫأٷ֮УĿⲻϵɨΧУǽ䱸֮ɫ
ܿ죬ڿ˽һʱʮз϶֮пԶһƬտƽҰһĻʮ鲻ԽظֳЦݣȻʱһͻȻй쳹ȥ
ǺǣԭΪЩϲڳǣû뵽Ȼʮ˲ģҲã⼸Ҳʵ̫Щڶ༸Ҳã
ȷʵֵܼҪ飬ɱˣȻֲ֪Ҫȵʲôʱôõġˣ
˻Ϊʲô˵أһ˼ûȻǾͿԶɱһЩˣߵζǲأ
⼸ʮ߶ʱɫ䣬Ŀ⳯Դȥֻһž֮ϣħϷŰؿǣ·è׽һ㣡
ħˣʮɫٴαˣʮ˷ӦóԼȻӿ
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ħҲǱʮߵߣȻһɿֲӿ˳
ʱʮͻȻЦˣǵģЦˣЦݣħ֮ǰûκϷŰġ
һĻħɫ΢䣬жȻһɲõĸо׼ʱһɫڳһȻһħԴʱһѪ˳ȥ
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ʱҶԪͯĽ˳СҶħʱ¶֮ɫһʧҶ㣡
Ҷûħ꣬ǿһԵʮߣ֣
ԣһԵʮû˿ԥһħ˹ȥ
ҶûڹܳеսһУնɱħɽϣɨһ棬ҶǶʱһĨЦݣΪָ֮еĶ⣡Ҳ⼸ħٵߺܶ࣬ʯȻǧ࣬еؽȻҲֻ֮࣬ǿϧûн
Ѿܲˣٱǽ޼ɽ主еĶࡣǽ޼ڹ֮б̫ǱٹɽʯȻһǧ죬ڵؽ׵ҲֻѣǾʹõģҶޱȣ
εõǧʯҶڱǧʯԱ˵һʾ޿ǶҶ˵̫ˡ
뵽ʲôҶתͷһԵԪͯĽߣֻɱģǾΣ
ԪͯҶһۣȻûȻ֪Ҷʲô˼ҪҶ֣ǼսƷҶһ˵ģȻ뽫սƷҶǾ͵Լܹ֡ƽûɷԣ
ԪͯԣҶ˵ͷȻｻǰɣȥ𴦰æɣ˵꣬Ҷһʧԭء
˷ʮ鳯Ųͬķħ廹ڤˣĿȻΪ˽˷ɢΪɢȺս߱ضشһܻöԷ֪ͨǵͬ飬ʱЩ鷳ˣ
ԣԷɢȻһһȥȫߣöԷͨ籨ŵĻᶼû
Ԫͯһ۳бħ꣬ȻתͷҶʧĵطʵǿһɱһ߾Ʒħǿߣʱսʵ˺ܶడ
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ĽĬˣò˵Ԫͯ˵ĻǷǳеġۼҶһһɳģڣҶ츳ֲ̫ˣֲЩȫҶĻҶ츳ܹǱǰģֻǿϧڷһ
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Ԫʦ֣ħһɽ䣡ʱһöɽߵԪͯĽԣԪͯЩ˷ܵ
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һĻԪͯһĨ֮ɫΪ֣֪֮УЩ߶ҶƺѾһ˿ݣһ˿ŷˣ
ԪͯҪһܹħڤˣʱһԵĽͻȻ
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345 
һϮɫָۣѩԪͯĮȻ
㣡ԪͯǰѩһֱЩɵΪԷʵءȻֹֻһΣǶԷȴǸΣյĸоָоҶΣոо
ʵǺʧģѩҡҡͷԭΪνǧܹһ㾪ϲģϧ㲻ûлɽĴУʧȥ˭ţ
֪𣿡ԪͯЦЦǰһ֮УΪģսҲŷ֣ҵ뷨ǶôĿЦ
𣿡ѩԭҶʧȥ޵еģսʧȥ޵еģ
ģҴδʧȥԪͯ˵ǣսʶҵĲ㣬ҲΪǣäĿΪԼõģ⣬֪Ҹôȥı䣬ôȥԼԽԽǿһ仰⣬ҴʶҡԼ
ѩĬˡԪͯ˼ԪͯڸԷûбһϵе֮дʶԼˣѣµľǲʶԼģȻԼȱ㵱ŵȥ
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ԪͯЦЦȣҺţΣҺܺ棬ΪʲôҪɱأ֮ƺûʲôԹɣȻôʣʾģֻǺ棬ҲԲش𣡡
һҪˣ֪ʲôأ
ѩҡҡͷȻֳһָɲǼ䣬رɫƱãţһɫ绮Ʋ㣬һɫһڿһ
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ѩһȣǵصףһС߰ɫֶȻûڡ
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Լ˰ʱҶĽʮ߳Ԫͯĵط׵ӣ˽ɫޱȡ
ΣҶӦˣ˵꣬Ҷһ˿֮ɫɱԪͯʵ仯޳ȴõԷΪ˺ϵڼԷɱȻûѹеֻипĸп
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Ҷüͷһ壬ĽߵԪŵԪԪͯʦ֣Щ˶Ԫŵĵӡ˵꣬ĽԪԪҿ֤ԪͯҶɱģ
֤ԪЦĽƾʲô֤Ҷͬţʲôʸ֤ߣ˵Ҳɱʦأ
ĽһĨŭ⣬Ԫ㲻ңӦЩʦֵܰɣǰҶһֱһʱɱԪͯ
ȷʵԪʦ֣ǰҶһֱһôܻɱԪͯʦֵأ
ǣɱԪͯʦֵӦˣԪʦ֣㻹ǵ˵ɣȻˣԪͯʦֻĿģ

Ľ˵ĻԪɫЩѿˣȻû뵽Ȼô˰ҶҶʲôʱЩôˣЩ˾Ȼûһ˿ҪԪͯ˼
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˽ģһʣʣ˭˲˽أ
ҶҡҡͷȥԪͯԪתļˣ߰ɣǼ˳սķΧ˵ĸ׵²Ҫģ
Ǽ˵˵ͷԪ֮ͯѾûһͷˡҶʵǿսҲǼȻҶìܣȻǾˣ
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һǲ˵ԪҶת˻ȥ
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ҶıӰǼɵ֮ɫеģη塣ֻһССìܶѣͰνɱˣɱĻԪŵĵӣһ˵޼ɵ
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ҶıӰĽĿһĨ֮ɫҶԸϣ츳ǽĿǰҪİȻȴΪǰ棬ֽƵ⣬һ
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ڣа֣պȺħڤʲôɾܾɱ
ҶĻ߶ʱˣһԼȻħ˹ȥ
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Ϊʹһ̣Щ˶ûѡͶԼȥ
վǵˣȻ𾴣Ȼɱ
ջ˼ҶҡҡͷȻɨսƷɣ
ԣҶ˶ʱһ󻶺ɨսƷɶħڤרڣҲܹɨսƷˣһǴɨħڤģ
ᵽǣ߻ǰŷ
һӺսƷˡǷսƷ嵥ʱʹҶҲ̲סƤһͨͨ
ʯʮƷؽƷʮؽƷʮһؽƷһʮײ⣬һЩؽ׵빦ϧûн
һЩŵرҶԹ£Щŵرһٿʮϵʯ
ʮʯҶоԼʼļˣ
ΣҶһѹеļȻˣЩƷؽƷеؽƷңĶǣȻҲǿģҿڲʮƷ߼ʮƷзΣ
Ĭ£ʱĽûûɱħڤ֮еľӢǸ޷սʤЩħڤߡԣʹҪĸ࣬Ҳûģ
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Ҳûһվ˳ڹһ´ҲöʯȥõĻҲֻмöõĻǺǣûǧʯǾͿڹ֮аĵȻȴǱĿԣûһ
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Ҷ˵ͷؽȻóʮʮзʣĶһڳˡ
ȻЩҲһʲСĲƸվûѡ̣ȻɲɵȥǾ仰ԵĻһܱȶһúõġǰЩߣʵȻ΢һЩдк̨ģֺ̨δ϶аģ
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ʮʧ߾ͷҶһȻתʣµߣȻعǰɣһʱ䣬úڹ֮УǣӦ֪ħڤ϶ǲưոݵģ
ħڤ壬ҶҲЩεģΪҲû취һ֮ԿģЩҲǲеģǼߣֻǲܵģЩɱЩħڤߣħǻĵԸ񣬿϶ǻ񱨸ģ
һ˵ĻȻ壬߻ЩߵĻǿ϶ǲеġԣֻܽЩ߻عǶǱ󣬴ڳȻЩҲû취£
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һĻҶüͷһ壬Ȼηħڤ壬ֻҪصǣǾû취Ժ󣬵ˣҾͻȥ֮ǣʱһЯħڤһս
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Ľ˵ͷȻҶû뵽̶ʱ䲻ʵȻǿ̶ֳȣħڤ߶ɵ㣡
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Ľ£ȻŵҶҲǽڵӣ㣬˵ûпܣٻؽأ
ڻؽڣҶһȻҡͷЦЦ޿ܣ


348 Ϊ
Ľˣźˣ֪Ҷ뽣֮ĶԹ޷⣬׼ȷ˵ܹ˵ģ
ȻǽڵӣòϣڶҶ飬Щˡϧⲻ˵ܹܵġңȻҶȴûиĽԣôվֻվڽߵģ
ֻĿϧˡĽ̾Ϣ
Ľߺ󣬶ʮ˹سҶ
ҶָһöɽΪ׵һСһĻΪ׵ĺ˶ʱˣȻæҶһлħڤսʱѾֳǷǳ֪ɽ֮ʲô
ؽرд˿ûİҶȴǺԥˮ͸ûǼͬʱŸж
ƺҶһ㶣ȻʲôʱΪʲôˣ
ɽЦЦȻⲻһֱ֪ôƺֱӽ֣Ե̫ˣǾ͸һƺ֮ѡƺҪΪýһǽ˫
˫ҶҡͷЦЦȻɫ˵Щˡ˵ʱʵˣ
˵ͷʱ䣬ֵǵʵǺܲġڱ£Ѿﵽ߾۷壬߾Ҳֻа벽֮ңˡмֵҲڱİҲﵽ߾۷壬ֻǾ绹Ǻȹ̣ʮֵܴﵽ߾أģ߾ص֮䣡һЩ߾۷ǿߣҲܹɱģ
ȹսЩΣҶʵ
ʱĬˡ֮ǰ˵Խ״ɱָǶߣǵЩǿǶܹԽսĴڰҪԽ״ɱǣѣǳѣ
ʵǲҶȻȥǼȥŬʵԼʯǲҪģһ㶨ǣҪЧҲҪף
ԣһݣ֪ҶڲˣҶǰ˵Ǿ䡰սΡһɺʱĵðҶĿ꾹ȻЩǵԼȷʵĻЩ˰
£ʱҶһ£ʮ˸ǰʮߣǰȫﵽ򡣵󣬼һһûŵһȥӦ֪ô
ڶ£ȥҲˣһĪһҵˣ֪ͨҡסǧҪСģΪǷǣǱɣ£սеĶţħţǵһһҪʱʱұ棬ף
һ˵̫ˣҶĸرսҪʱЩΪֻκʱб޻
֮ǰշĺʱ֪ĪﻹԼħ˻ǵĻҲͲڱĪŪĴֲϦҲڱڵˡ
ܵ˵ҪԼʵһһأϾڻûʦ޵ʵ
ҶĻɫˡڳ˶ǱˣЩҶҰĿˣǾǣԿţָǱ뵽⣬˿ʼΪʲôΪԽʦ֮Ҳûгֹܹѹˣ
ҶʵУҶпܵģһ֮ΨһһпܵģҶֵܹ꽣ʦĻԻսЩҲضҶʹܽʦǰ㾪ޣֻҪҶɱǱǰ壬ҲҶʷһĺۼģ
ˣٴζҶһȻ׷潣
Ҷ˵ͷŵʮֻ꣬Ҫʮ꣬ʮ֮ȥǾҾǿҶ˵ڣȥɣ
˵˵ͷȻһʧԭأ
ߺҶһӣ޶ʱǰΪ׵Ѿ׵Х죡
ǿХ쿴ҶϣᵽΣյϢ
㲻ҲǿˣҶЦ
ллХ޽ǷǳѵģûСеİҪΪ޲֪ҪʲôʱԣллǷԷθģ
ҶҡҡͷлͲˣΪҲҪǵİ
˵ɣХõĺôȴǴûгʲôʵ˵ǲ
ҶЦЦȻҪȥշԼȺڵʵҪշԼȺӦûʲôġҪģֻǵշԼȺҪȥշȺף
ҪʲôХҶĻЩļ£
Ժͻ֪ˣҶ㲻Ը⣬ʱȥҲǿ󣡡
棿ХüëһƺЩ⶯
ٵģҶѡȥһնɱ㣡
ХûЦƬ̣Ҷϲ̹סҲҪʲôֻ֪ʵ᲻ХһӵĻԵԣմصʮɽʱһҪģ䣬Хҡһ䣬ָ˱壬Ȼʮɽķ򼲱ȥһʧҶС
ХߺССҶǰҶӿ뼲ѥ֮УʱڿնССͷҶһĨɫССģֻ֮иģдδǵǴֹߣǿʱΪǵİȫѡٻǳ
ȥЩģ
һǾǼȥֻлΪСһı£һпܻʧȥԼѪԡֻڲпĴַ£ǲŻԽԽǿȻʹˣսûɶģ
ԣʹڲᣬҲҪһȥ
ǲһֱҪɫ𣿡ҶЦ´ȥʮɽܹ⣬ҾԸȱˣǣǲ⣬ǵСһָˣҾСһŰǣ
Ҷ䣬ʱһȻصһǳԶ񱼶ȥȻСһǷǳµģ
ССƵȥҶ̲סЦȻСһﲻڣŻô󰡣뵽СһҶЦһĨȻСһﱻ˵ڣȻ濴ȥûʲôȴͬϦһԲѣǵǣ
Ҳû취ֻܵȴ
ҡҡͷ̧ͷ˿ɫҹĻ٣Ҷʱ̲סˣΪĻ˵ÿ춼ҪΪϦԪģҲ˵


349 ۣ
Ǻˬģ˫ȴЩ۵ģҶҲ֣Ҷ֣ƺʴǵζ
ÿһ˫޹ǸоԼʲôʧȥһЩһ㡣һʼ⣬ɢϵĳʱˣʧΪİ׷֮ѾЩ׷
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ϲϦΪжҶֻ֪֪ҪĴۣҪѻŮӡ
Ҷûע⵽˵仰ʱеϦĽë΢΢˶ϣһĨ˵κ졭
ʱҶص˹ǣڹ֮йĲϣȻһҿջһ䷿俪ʼ
ڣҪܶʯΪֻʯ޼ɵȥµĽֻʯܹȥչǡħ֮塱ϣҲֻʯܹСе
֮һ仰ҪܶܶʯһʦһһطʦֻҪвϣܹƷƷЩʯ
ûҶûѡһʼǻƼ򵥵з˱ʣƣϸ衭ʱȥˣĳһ̣Ҷ͵һգ漴һǿˣ
ȻҶǿƷʱȴסˣΪʲôΪǿȻƷģǼƷģƷзʲôҪ֪ƷƷ֮Ĳ࣬ǿɲһ㰡ƷЧƷҪ߳
ȻǼǮҲҪ߳ģ
Ϊʲô˼ƷѵԼƷǽˣܿ죬Ҷ뷨Ϊ⼸ûϰһûϰ̸ǽǣʲôԭأ
зĬһᣬͻȻҶüͷһ壬ĿǷ֮еһϸСɫ˿֮ϣٴγĬһᣬȻΪԵʣ
£Ҷһһſհ׷ֽǰʯ֮ϡ
ʱһзˡͬһһзҲǼƷģżƷзҶЦˣΪѾȷ֮ǼƷķǸйϵҲ˵ӽԺҶƵķǼƷ
뵽⣬ҶǵЦɢ˿
ļ죬ҶĿʼ˷£һŲŲʣȻҲȫˣħлĵ˵£Ƿǳעġ
¹ȥˣҶһ˽ǧżƷзûѡΪڵƷֻмм򣬸ûʲôãǼƷҲûʲôã
ȫѡлΪЩлЩͨߵûǷǳġ߻Ը⻨ǮּƷлģ
ϵļƷзҶһȻˣ
䣬һӰ˹س˷СӰ˶ҶһȻؽǳħڤ干ִ֧ͬȻ⣬һǵĳΪأΪǴû˼ֵһ˵ǣ˵ִҲþ֣
سҶüͷΣȻأ
ֱǳϵİǱİҡӰ˵ӴΪǵҵֵһ˵Ҿ˵һ壬ǻûּ֮ʱ˵ִҲûǿֻǿϧʱڲ˷磬ȻͷѳҡǵʵȻСȻҲ֮дô꣬һǵҵ
ҶҡͷЦЦǵˮĺţǰ˵ǵҵҲ˵Ǹɵй
㲻ҪȥǰɣӰ˾򲻿ɣȷʵǸɵйʵҲǼΪֲģ˵κһҶ൱Ԫţ
ҶЦЦţİɣҲȥģţˣӦɣ
ԣӰ˶ʱһȻȻУǱӵһΪ۱󡯵ᣬǺųƾۼ½ıҳƣֻҪǮû򲻵ı
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Ӱ˵˵ͷʵҲڿڳԣΪǵļ̣ĺֲܿǳʱǰҾѾˡһĵ̣һЩҲˣ
Ҷ˵ͷҲգǿڳԣǸʵ˵һţǳǼأ
ǼҲӵһᣬΪ۱իҲиԣǾǣ±²ƣţڵطҲǳҵĲҵ
𣿡ҶЦЦȻǾȥҰɣţͲøˣȥúɣһ㣡
ǣӰһȻʧ˷֮У
Ҷ߳˷䣬ȻΪ۱իᣬ۱ի󣬼ʹҶҲɱǰһĻסˡݻݻ
ǰһΪĹǵģ۱իĽĿùݡΪǽ⹬ĲϣȻǵؽƷʯʯ˵ؽƷһڻɽģ䲻ӲӵһǾǻɢһЩϵһ
ʯǼΪģرǶһЩϵϵߣֻҶû뵽۱իȻϡƷ콨ݳ޵Ҷٵĳ嶯
һҶѹסеǸͷȻǴȥҪ֮ʱǴվλŮӵǰŮҶҶһ㣬ŮüͷһŮǾ۱ի𴳣Ȼɱۣ
ŶԷҶʱЩ죬Ҳûֻǵⲻ㶫
ǴŮӲмһЦȻ磬Ӧ߰ɣƧĵطʲôģ»֪ɣǾ۱ǿҪȽǧʯģǧʯ𣿡
㣬һϻˣߣվ⣬ǰ̵ۡһŮӲˬ
ԣǴŮӶʱŭҶûߣڲߣ߿ɶ߲ˣ
ҶҲֻǵĿŮһۣȻҺܺ棬˭ָʹǼŭأǸңȥȻҷŹǣô


350 ͻ
ŭ㣿ұŮЦһмʲôʸǼŭ㣿һСС߾߰ˣΪܰŭ㣬ǿЦ֮
ǣǴŮҲǲмӣȻôʶȤҽͽ̽ˣǾ۱իҪȥչҪ֤ģ֤ǶûаɣУĸ۱իǽ˼˼£⸱ȵı飬ǽ˼˼ҲҪģߣһĸؤƵģһ߾ȻʯʯǺǣǽؤ𣿡
ҶˣһʼΪԷָʹڹ⼤ŭȻڿӵȥڿԭô£˼֮ôֻΪߡ
˵ڹеĵλεͣʱûһоڣоˡ
ɨ˶ŮһۣҶתȥȻȥֹۿ˵͵ȥƽϣȻҪϣ㵽ʯʵҪģȥ˼ƽϣʵڲ˷ʱ䣡
ҶתȥǴŮӲмһЩߣһʵҲͰˡȻ˵ĵᣬѵǶû𣿡
ҶͻȻͣ˽ŲȻתǴŮӣ߼״ЦһƵô㻹Ҷֲɣ̾վ⣬ҲңҶңŲž۱իȫ壿
֪𣿡ҶŮӣңã㵱蹷һԴǧ򲻸ã漰ĸף漰ĸף˵Ƿ蹷һҶһΣ
䣬Ҷһһɫڳһ˲˰ǰɫ⣬ɫʱ԰ˣУǾ֮ɫû뵽ǰϰ߾ȻĸǶ֣һ۱ǰû뵽ԷʵȻôֲôҲһ߾ƷߣȻһӲ¡
ǵɫ밢㲱Ӵֻʱ֪ӺδͻȻһ˲Ҷǵɫ֮ϡ顱һ죬߶ʱը˿밢̫俪ǰŮӵӶʱըѪģ

һΪĲҽȻڳ쳹
ǰѪģӣһԵŮӴסˣ
ҶûȥŮΪһӳ˳УӣҶһһУ漴ӿһƻ˿Ȼ֮ϡ֮ˣΪǰ߾ϵǿߣΪ͸Էľ磡
ǴŮڼʱѪģӶʱеܼңɱɱɱ
ʱһԵŮҲعȻæܼңǾ۱󣬹Ȼھ۱ǰ֣Ū㣬ܼΪ
죡Ȼȵ
ԣŮһǲ⣬ǽаŮӻ˵ʲôڿǱǶʱˡ
俴ŮһۣȻתҶӣλūŲµӣӺ
ϵңҶüͷһ壬
Ȼ˵˵ͷӹ֮£һ˶սħڤţ׳֮ǰЩʱִţǣ˭˲֪˭˲
Ҷ
ʱһԵİһŮ
ҶʵǺܳģֻΪҶšҪ֪ߣŵģһֶֻùЩˣһеţеҶǿֲħǿֹ߽ˣҶһޣһһ˽Ľޡ
ԣҶ֮лģֻƽʱЩҲûȥעЩԼ˾ȻϵЩԾˣ
ʱͻȻӣҼҷ룡
ҷˣ
˵˵ͷҲ۱իˣ
ʲô£
ҡҡͷ²˵ˣȥܹһЩ飡
Ҷ˰ΣȻɨŮһۣŮжʱһ鲻ԽسһһĻĿҶһۣȻ㣬Ӵ˿ǲǾ۱իˣҲڳֹ֮У컯ˣ
ԣŮɫʱҰˣóڹ֮УǾ۱իˣ˵ܼҪ·
ܶŮ˿Ҷӿ⣿
⣡Ҷҡҡͷ˱ضԹңҲϲǱڵĵˣЩСûʲôвҾǲϲϲնɱκвɱ
Ǹ˵˱Ͼھ۱իʮ꣬ɱǣẮ˵ģǷ˵Ѿߣ
ҶЦһȻʼ磬ȻˣǾȥķ˰ɣ
˿ҶһۣȻ˵ͷҶ۱իڲȥ
ҶȥаŮͻȻĽҪɱҪɱңԺô˰ô˰ҪɱһҪң
ߣȥǱң
ȥǱңʧ˻ɱǵģ
ڲɱ𣿡ΪһνţȫЩʮˣȻʣǾͱǲ壡
һᣬȻҧҧãߣȥǱң

һ֮УҶ˿˵ķˣʵ˵ǷˣеˡΪǰŮӣһҲϣǶԷͷ˴磬˵ǶʮŮҲΪ
װŮЦ
ҶҲȻŮӶ棬ȻӦʲô°ɣ
ŮЦЦȻһһԵˣǣ㰢Ҷˣ
һݣʮ꣡
Ůӵ˵ͷѾͷҶʮ꣬û˵ģȻû뵽Ϊˣõѳ̰ˡ飬һֻۣһֻۣǰһ룬ǵӣҲǺúûţֻǿϧȴѡȥǱң
ʱһͷ߽˴ͷʱҶüͷΪͷ֮ǰŮӵġ
Ůӻ˻֣ȥԼˣⷸٴĴҲţΪԼˡǣҪѡȥҵʱǾͱǸˣ˵꣬ŮӿҶһЦӣ˵أ
ڸԼһ


351 ׷꽣
ҶЦЦ˵ĺܶԣϣΣգҪʱֻԼԼ˻᲻۶Դվ԰ǡԣһҰײΪȴǲ㣡Ͼһ˭ȭͷ˭磡
ŮЦŵ˵ͷԼǣ룬ǽҪ̸£϶ͻ˳Ķˣ
Һܺ棡Ҷ
ŮЦЦȻָһһҶǰҶ⣬Ůӵȿ
ԣҶѹסеɻ󣬴˾᣺׷꽣ƷΪý飬Ϊ꣬겻𣬽ע˽ΪƷµвһɣмǣ
ҶϾᣬ̧ͷŮӣɫƽ˺⣿ȻƽޱȣǴʱҶпѾ羪κˣ׷꽣Ȼ˼ԭΪ׷꽣һЧǾԷǣ겻𣬽
׷꽣ڤ𣬻߾ĺ硭
뵽ڤĻ˿ݵ׷ԼĵˣҶе⽣·ˣ
ŮӿҶһۣӱҪ򶨵öأ
ҶŮǰľ֮ϣȻˣʵ˵⽣Ұܴ󣬵ףûѵͣһ棬˾óôصĶѵ˵˵ԭ𣿡
˾ʡ£ŮЦЦҲīˣҲˣϰôһҵһСŮӣܹܵأԣϣң
׸Ҷһ㶣ȻæҡͷˣҲò˵ȷʵƯǿϧѾˣԣ׸򲻿ܵģЦ׸ǲǳ𣬾ϲ׷꽣Ҳǲɵģ
һԵҶĻǶʱһ顭
ʲô׸ŮһĨ뱡ŭݺݵҶһۣҵ˼ϣܹ밲ҵһ飡
׸ҶʱЩˣԭԼˣƤڨЦЦȻɫ飿
ŮӿҶһۣҶģڹϷɫָƽǻⰵҰ齨һ֯൱һ㣬ҰÿΪṩһԴǻһĳ̶ϵǲҰҵһЩ
ҪЩʲôҶ
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Ĳƿͨ񰡣
ҸȡˣŮЦΣԸ𣿡
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ҲϲҶһεҲϲȻҺĶ׷꽣һҪ
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޹»ҶҡҡͷܾЦɲɵⶫô𣿴ŵģⶫʱԻᱻŮơǿˣŮ˾͸ϦһӵĻˮ
Ӷҽ䱸أЦЦɣһ£׷꽣ӣΣ
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Ҫ֪Ȼ֪ǰϾǺηʥҪһĻҪܣħлЩš
ҲϾʱϾѾЩ˸ɵأ
ԣΪʲôҪܾһΣ׷꽣յİã
ˣ޳޵У
㵭ĿҶһۣû˵
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ҶһżƷзݸ˰㣬ȻЦſŰ㣬
зʱüͷһ壬ֶȻǿ۵ģǺܿ죬һ˿죬зǼƷʱʱȤˣȻȤĲżƷзǶ˸Ȥ
Ƿʦʵ
ǣҶû

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ϸһĨЦݣҲ㿴ˣû뵽ӾȻһŷʦţ⼫ƷļǼɣɣɣ
ɣҶһЩɲ뱻˵￴
ЦЩõӱЦˣ
ЦҶҡҡͷȻһһǧżƷз˰ǰһǧżƷзʱʱסˡ
ļҲʶʲôûǱ𾪵ˣΪһǧȫǼƷ죬ȫǼƷʲôʲôʦ
ЩȫҪˣ˶٣ֵţжҪ٣Ǯ⣬ţǻӳںҲ˵ԺķǾ۱ҪˣǮԼ˵ɣ
ҶҲ⣬Ͼ⼫ƷǺϡеģ˵һ³ǧţһһ嵥˰ǰ嵥ϵƷ󣬰üͷ
嵥֮ϵƷȻҶħҪƷ


352 ȱһ
üҶЦôЩ۱իû۱իǺųƾ±ѵֻһЦ
㿴ҶһۣӲҪ༤嵥֮ϵĶ޵ľѪ⣬Ҿ۱իҲûУ޵ľѪҾ۱իҲа취Ūֻһ䣬Ǯ𣿡
ԣҶʱˣɫȴǼΪƽ˿Ǯɣ
̧ǰĲ豭һڲ裬Ȼһʯ
ʲôҶվƺЩףȥȻǳ˳飬Цһʯͷû˵
أ㵭Ҷһۡ
ҶһȻˣƺ̫һɣ
𣿡ЦһӣǼŵرҾͲ˵ˣȻԡ˵رҾ۱ի˵ʲôҪȸ䡢׻޵ľѪȴǮܹӵеˣϾ޼Ƕ򣬶ÿһʵǿֲޱȣǼΪ̼ǳģҪǵľѪǽһŪãܻս
̫ˣҶЦҡҡͷһʯʲôЦŪ
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гĬˡҶǲģϾħĺǿܹڤɫİһﵽһǳֲľ硣һбǮЩδٻԿ
ֻĹֲ̫˰һʯԪҲûôడ
𣿡˵䣬Ҷ鲻Խغһ£⻰Щ޳ܣҲܲôˡ
۽һҶ΢΢ҡҡͷЦӣ⻰Ҳ˵óҺ
Ҷ̯̯֣ƤǲҪˣ˾˵ܲܰɣʵ˵ЩĺҪԸ˵Ļ飬ĳ
ĬˣΣͻȻӽͨǵ棿
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷ֪չֵʱˣȻ˼ƾʲôˣ
ҶͷŲ豭ֽ˽潣ͨ
Ȼ
ԣĿҶһۣȻҪˣҲǲԣӱӦһӴӦЩ˫ַϣ
ʲôҶɫ
ΪҰϯ䣡ֱҶҲӣǳͶʣӵʵʵ˵̫ˣҰһöûǣҿӵδҲ˵ڰ󣬻ǧʱҰҳΣܼϣʱܹһѣ
Ͷʣպܴ󣡡ҶԷӣҪ֪δűһֱɾһڵʯңܹꡢһǧ󣬵ȷʱҲԣ
ЦЦͶʣзգҶĵľӵδƷ
ҶŰãȻҶŵδҲңҲң
㿴ҶһۣȻҶ嵥ݸԵˣðռĶûеģȥǱչǮ
ǣ
ӦһȻȥ
лˣҶϵ
ЦЦҪлԺķҾ۱իΣ
Ȼû⣡ҶЦ
㽫һöɽҶǰǧżƷʯ࣬Ӧùˣ
лˣҶϵǰǲǴʱõôҶҶԷ̹ףô˵һζģҲһνףԷȴȸˣĿǰȼü֮˵Ŀ˵һ飡
˵ͷȻͻȻˣӿ֪ǱΪλδ
ԣҶüͷһ壬Ȼҡҡͷ˵ҲɻĵطΪսˣǱȴһֱûж
㻺վĿͶߣУһĨأΪȱһˣ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ǱҪһġ졯ǹΪǱµ˵һѹӡģǱǾƷ뼸󳬼ȥɽ졯ǱȻǼȴûн赽㻺
Ϊʲôû赽
㿴ҶһۣΪ졯Ҫˣ
ԣҶɫ˵Ҫˣ
˵ͷһǱ񣬱κһŶҪ࣬Ҫֲһ죬콾ޡҺܺ棬һ񣬾ܲܲЩʬǱأ˵⣬˶٣ֵӾʵɣΪҵõϢλδѾǰɽ·أ⣬һ£ǱͻῪʼʱûǿʵȥ񣬾ȥ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵѾӵɻǸоʵЩˡǵģ콾صĹսڶ࣬ûаȫеģ
Ҳ֮ǰƤҪҲҪ˵ֵԭ
Ӿ;סھ۱իɣիںܴӿԷģûκ˴㣬ĶԺͻ͵ԭλ
ԷˣҶҲʶȤŰ㱧˱ȭǾʹˣ˵꣬ת߳˴
Ҷ߳һͬӰһŮͻȻҶǰλõĺ˳
С㣬ֵ𣿡Ůӵ
ֵãɫƽУƽ޲϶ùãӦҲһΪˡˣֻܻᣬߡ顯·ߡֻҪҰҲδҲḺҰң
ôȷδһλǿߣŮӵ
ȷ
㣿
ֻҪٷ֮һĻᣬҲֵԣ𣿡ˣһʯѣҪǶӮأӮˣǰҾͻڴһ꣡
ȻͨһܹΪʦڶŮӷ
һͨѾ㹻һˣ𣿡
ŮӳĬˣΣֵܹ赲סϾ𣿡
סе꽣ʦڹսǰʵǽʦͬһΣҲһܹ赲סĽŲҼˣ
㻹Сӡ
иϣǺõģ𣿡ǳ⣬û׼ܹһϲأ
Ů̾һû˵ˡ
ˣùã֪ǱΪӿֳ˶ྪ޲žͻȻʵ
Ҫˡ

ھ۱һʯϣǰһŵرҶ˸ż˷ܵĹâжˣڣԿʼ⡰ħ塱ˣ


353 Ͼ
Ҷûѡھ۱ի뿪˹ǣ˹ϱǧһɽ
һˮ̶ħķҶ޵ľѪڤǿһȻۺһľѪˮ̶֮Уʱˮ̶ֳһֹʺɫ
ţҶֽݵ֭Һȡ˳Ȼһˮ̶֮УһɹĿ㲻ˮ̶֮Ʈɢ˳
һкҶһȻָһڤУ
˵ڤؼģΪûڤ㽫ϲħ߲㣬ҲûκģΪħѾˡ
ʵһʼеĲħ壬ħ֮صΪȱľַȻڤּ򵥵壬ЧǷǳ޵ģô˵ħ壬ǽħһԼ巽ʽ
ָһڤɽˮ̶֮УɲǼ䣬ˮ̶˲һƬ𺣡ҶĿ£һ̶ˮûбڤͬҽһ㲻Ϸţ
ĻõҶȫ˲仯Ϊҽ־ҵʹõҶÿû˿ԥһԾˮ̶֮У
ϤĸоҶ֮뷨
һαҪõĶˣϾʱɲǵһʱܱȵˡҾεڤ壬Ѿڤһĵֿԣһε壬ǰǱȽɵģ
ħ֮е޵ľѪԼ̺֮ҽȫղǿﵽħһأҶûȫⷽҪǾѪ޲
Ҫ֪ǾѪ֮п̺ż񱩵ģڤ𲻶ȼԣʹɫԴԴϵ޸壬Щģǽ޸ˣ
ϾҪǲϴ̼ǲϵ޸̼ԽŻԽȻЩŰò˵ǷǳЧģ
ҶҪģǾգ̼ȻգȻٴ̼
սʵӽ޵ĲֻҶЩţǶž޴ҰĵģǵģǵҰȻǱһ
һʲôߴ½һǿŽԶؽߴ½ʷУ˼ؾˣš
֮˵һȨˣ
ߣ콾ǳͬߣԸ
֮أڤĹء
ħڵأ˫΢գһɹħڲȻ󲻶ʴǰһڳǹǹڤǹ
׷аǧаˣڤǹ˳Ȼ˫϶ֽģ֮ôڤǹħõڤǹĹأȻʼڤǹһȻǽ£
ħʴڤǹڤǹʼҵز·Ҫǲħ
ĳ̣ħ͵˫ֳۣǰһ̽ƽסڤǹǣڤǹȴǲĸˣħȻѣ
ħһ漴һɹħͬˮӿڤǹ֮УԼһӣڤǹ
ϲʱĹسħ󣬵˾õʱڵõĳˣ
ħһϧаܵˣѾڤǹˣ
ܲģվǱģ𣿡ĵ
ħ˵ͷڤ񴫳УѾɹˣ
Ȼ
ԣħһĨأõڤ񴫳еĻģʹҲòɵ
֪ħʱ룬ĵǵĵ֮࣬ǰǻһֱѣ𣿡
ħ˵ͷʱһħͻȻĹأħħǰȻͨһȥ˫ͨϴħڹɱߵħֵܣһˣȫɱˣҪΪǱ𰡣
ʲôħ˫۶ȻԲһɿֲħڱӿŭ˵һΣ
ħǿֲ£ħжʱһ鲻Խس˵ˣ
˵ûʱһԻͻȻĲħһˣڤˣµģǵΪϵǽҶĽޣ
ħһУɱⱩӿããܺãɱħһֵܣãõĺܣɱħһֵܣҾȫ壬Ҿڹսߣ
䣬ħڤǹһ˲ʧԭء
ǺǣɱɣɱѪɺӰɣζǺǡҲʧԭء

ħĵǰѰҶʱһŮϷһɽ¡
һɽɣɽɽţ⻬ڣûκβ̤֮
һŮɽ£ŮһϮҰɫװĳеİ͹£ˣ˿ͬβһԺ󣬳μۣ֮ȻˣȴǱһ˵ʡ
˫ָŮ̧ͷ˿߾ͷɽĮȻɽ𣿺ǺǣϣҰϾʧȻҾƽɽ䣬Ͼһһųǹ⻬ڵɽȥ
ߵɽ֮ǰʱϾ˫΢УȻ˫ȭ͵سǹ⻬羵ɽ֮ϣ
䣡
һƳľ쳹ȥ漴ɽ֮ϳȭӡ
ϾһԾ˫ȭӡ֮Уţ˫ȭٴκϾַʽسɽȥ
еǰϾȴǼᶨޱȣϸûа־ɫƣɫ·ɸɽƽһ㡭

£پʬͷڳҶ֣پߵʬڹǵĳǽ֮ϣѪȾ˹µأ
£ħڤǹȻڤǹʱڱɺ졣
ϣ߾ؿųµһУͬɱһħг˼ɵη廹Ǽɵη壡
Ҷұһɱһߣֱս£ħͬһԶԶ˳ȥ
ʱʮ߱ħѺħǰ
Ҷǲħȵ
ûκλӦǽ֮ϣһƬž
Ҷ飬㵹ǳбɱħˣѵû³𣿰
ħԩͷծɱħҶֲǣб¾ȥҶɱʲô
Щû飬һӾҶ࣬Ȼһٵħɱ趪˰ֻҶҴȥЩħڤ˶ԿһɱһٶħˣϢʱ֪жʹ𣿿ϧԵһ
ɵƣҪԼȥǿɲħϴֻҪŹңԸħ壬Ը⡭
ȻħȴǿҲûЩߣڳĬʮϢħ̧Ȼ͵£һ
ʱҶʲô


354 򣬽ʡ
һº
һɽ֮УҶڵأ˫۽գǰһ
һҶûѡÿ춼϶򽣵
ϾĸǸѣȻβ֣
ͨڽĸһ޴ƣΪܺܿԼֿ״̬
һֱɱ¾æµģδʱ˿úþһǵģӳڣһֱæµġСʱΪƣΪ棬ΪΪˣڣΪΪδ
ʮ̫꣬æˣæûһ
ˮˮ֣ⶨơԼʹ徻ռʵԣһ㿴͸ˡõ𣬴ܵò𣬴ŵ£ǴŲ£;
νͨԴĵͨ͸Եľ򣡴򿪣壬ȻȻԼߣ
ˣҶ˫ۣһƬǰǱĽ飡
䣬Ǳ顱һ챬ѳƬȻʱҶȴٴϣ
һĻˣֻԭѿƬѸپ£һ𣬻ָԭĽ
ҶһȻȭһգ飡䣬ҶΪģΧʮɷΧڣһ˲ͬػĲһ㣬䡱һȫѿѿǽűѣϢҶΧϸɳ
ҶָһڤУٴָһڤӭ籩ǣ˲仯һƬ𺣳˳У֮УҶȴһҲûˣʱ˿̣ڤȻͬΪһһ㣬ΪҶȫڤĻ桭
һĻҶٴһȻָһһɫ͵ɫҪʮɷΧʱҶͣɫʱͣԭأ
ɫҶ˫鲻ԽؽΪ֣ӳɱ¾ɫ̺֮ȻƽʱҪǿ屶
һٱ˳Уٱڳʱжʱ˹һĻֻٱȻҶΧҴһڳвƺޱȣ
ͣ
ҶȣʱٱȻͣԭء
ʣ
ٴȣٱɲǼҶʮɷΧڷʶֱӽҶûУ
ʱҶ˼ţ˼ΪλʮɷΧڣͷ·һ㣬رǽйϵĽΪʮɷΧڵ˲屶֮࣡ңʮɷΧڣ·Ϥһһ㣬κζǰǳģֻҪһۣܹԷıʡ
ܿ죬Ҷ뵽һܣǾǽͨԵʣʩչͨʱ򣬾ͻܹһۿԷݵֻڣ⽣ͨƺǰǰһķؼˣ
ΪʮɷΧڣͨʩչĽֱӵ屶ֻǿϧһ;ԼʹһЩҲ֪ⶫɶȥãı֮
˭¼ҹˣûأ
Ժʱ䣬ȥĻˣҶҡͷЦЦھ⣬ⶫȻˣǾӦиֵģ˼˰ΣҶЦЦȻܹǿǾͽн֮ˣţ򣬲ͽнˣ
ѹסеļҶٱȻֻһǰǱҶһЦָһڤǱ֮ϣʱǱһ𽣣
Ҷ£Ȼתָһ̣Ҷҽ͵һ̤峯ԶȻǱȴҲ˲伤Ĺ켣˹ȥ
ҶӶݣǱ𽣶׷ᣬٶȻ죬ҶԼһзҶ˼ѥͱ𽣸ˡ
׷꽣ӿʼ쿪ʼÿֲϵϰһѾ⽣ѧ˸͸ȻҪΪͨԵʣΪܹͨ⽣ŵȱԼʣȻˣܲһЩ
ô˵Ҷڲŷֽͨĺֲܱ̬ܿڤпֲȻûСпֲ
ڶǽյĻ׷꽣ҲûȫգĶҲû⣬Ҷѡɽ֮
ⲻ֪Ҷõǹ˲֪ˣȻ֪Ҳģ
ʱǳǽ֮ϣѾ˽ǧߵʬ壬ѪȾǵǽڣΪѪȿֲ
һҶͬ˼һ㣬ħνáûг֣ħһ֮½ǴŶסȻɳħǿĴץЩߣץ󣬾Ū£Ȼһһնɱ
ѪֶΣõ߼Ⱥŭŭħͬɱһ㣬˾ɱȫ߷ħʵǿ˾رڤǹħ
һ֮Уûܲ³ȥħģǽһ⣬Ϊ˳ǽʬ֮еһߣ
ȻһҲͬ˼һ㣬ûһ˳֣ڼ䣬Ҳȥħ˾һսȻÿʱб˳Ĭ
ǵģֻҪվڳǽ֮ϣȥħǿǺΣȥˣȥ˾ͿܻȥʲôôΪһ𣿱ЦˣǲŲôɵ˵ˣħҵҶȥǲҶ
Ȼÿʱÿ̶ǣЩ˸йϵЩйϵģǴʵûκιϵġʣ˭Ϊ˸Լûйϵȥƴ
ҶأѵͲվվģǽ֮ϣ߿ʼ뵽Ҷסˡ
վЦվҪ˵ҶɱħˣǵıȴҪе̴Ŀð
ʵҶҲûϾħڤʵ̫ţҲǸ߳ûˡ˵ˣ֪ҶħڤʱЩ˲Ҳֽкôһˣ˼
ɱħǽкãɱ˶ԷӦվеЩֵѵӦ𣿡
ʵǣܹ˭
ףҶǲ׵ôϰ˵ǲ뵥
翴㲻ˬˣ

ǽ֮ϣ߿ʼ˼
ʱĺܿ죬תһ¹ȥˡ
ɽһֻ̤ɽɽţڶֻҲ̤ˡ
ĳһɫ۵кйٲϻ֣ˮϹΡ
֮صĵصףһȫŽɫԵص׻Уһöӡתţĳ̣ͻȻҶҵúúøлأû㣬˻ӡɻΪأھúлл㡭
һɽɽ֮ϣһϱŮӹڵϣǰһڹʾš
Ϊ
һƾճ˳С

Ϊٴγ֡
꣡
Ϊ
ҵȫ
гĬˡ
Σһ̾Ҳգؽ⣬ط֮⾳޽ͨȴҲǽţڵȥҲͽ͡
䣬ǱʶȻ䱬һ쳹صĽ֮
һ̣ߴ½ľǿ߶
ϻԨףéǰĻϿʰΣȻ󻺻ҡҡͷʳȴǡ
Ҳһ̣ߴ½Ľ޵Ľһ˵֣Ȼʱһ֮
ʳ򽣷


355 Ľ
ɽ֮УҶͻȻüͷһ壬Ϊǵ쳹ʵĽֺеĽȻֵ˼
еĽҶҲҪνʳ𣿡Ȼ֪ǰǵζʲôϾǰĻϿ˵ڽʵµġ
˳Ϊ˽ʣ
ԴˣﲢûоòϾδΪʲôʡʣߵĳƺţ˭涨ʾǽ֮ǿǰǽǿǰҶͲаĽǲ᳼κ˵ģ
еĽ·ûҶĻһ㣬ھҵزţҶѹţѾˣ
΢΢顱һ죬˲仯Ƭ
̧ͷʣҶЦЦ˼ֻһ֮ȻҵĽϧӦʡڴأ
䣬ҶЦ⻺ָһϸСֵһԾ޴󰵺ɫ֮ϣӰɫʱһɿƾնУһҶ˫ŴϳɢһƬǽ壡
Ӿ޴İɫȻǾĺ
Ҷһֱĺãƾ֮ãδЩ̫˷ˣϾ棬Ѿڤ𡣶ĺֻž޴ɱ˺ûڤôֲ
ʹһΣĻǾ޴ģǷþĺԵСһʱ̽ԣڷ˾ĺ绹һЧǾܹٶȣΪĺܹƷ٣
Ҷϵؿʼ̽ôĺٶȣҪ֪ϿǼΪģܹĺ磬ٶȾͲȱݣ˵ƣΪĺٶʵ̫ˣ
쵽ʲô̶ȣ
쵽һϢڣҶԻûϰٵӰϼѥзĻٶȻܸ죡ҲиȱݣҶڶһȱݣǾʵ̫ˣڤһһΣҪСеҶƣ
ĺ绹ҶһһϲǾǿԸ׷꽣ϣžĺļӳ֣׷꽣ٶȡ߾£ҲֻСһĿռ˲ܹӵѡӲϵģ
ڤӽһҲΪɾĺĳȡһ֣ΪĽ
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ȻҪ˽֮򣬽֮򣬳Ϊƣ֮ڣף
֮ʱʵõ˴׼ȷ˵һ̨ףˣľ籾ҲǿҪͻˣݺѹסˡ
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ҶһźǾȱһܲȴѾеʵˡڤĺһӳֵĻеܲסˣЩΣ
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仰Ҷȫһƨʵ£һݸһԿ㿴˭ţƣ
£ʱֻܷˣϾҪҵһѺʵĽûô׵ġǰǰལͲϧ˻ȥ
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ΣҡҡͷҶջԼ˼һеһУΨʵܹȥʵ֣룬һ嶼û
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ģۼĹǣٶ඼ûбʤյģ
Ҫģǿһ㣬ǿһ㡭
Ҷ֪ǣʱѾַˣħѪȵɱ£Ѿǧߵʬ屻˹ǳϡҶأҶûг֣ó߲ˣȻЩ߾֯һСӣȻͿʼڹѰҶ
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һЩ˲ûмЩ֮УһЩߣΪǺҶһˣ˷ǾǲħģȥʵǸûѡǶҶҲԹ޵ģΪҶԵʣʹ߼Ҫ߹ˣ齫ȥƽϢħķŭ
Ȼûһʵ˴ͷǿ϶ǲеģ֮ʵܣȴһҲûֹ
һ죬һɫ۵ӳ˹£ɫʱǽ֮ϵЩߣʱҡҡͷϧ볰֮⡣ʱ򻹹һ£
ħĿ£ɫӻŹȥɫӿҲûΧЩħߡ
ţһħ߱Ҫ֣ȻȴǱħסˡʱͻȻͣ˽Ųתħ𣬵ħһţڤǹ㽵ûʧϣԽԽǿ䣬ЦЦȻתȥ
ȻҪţһǵħ˵棬˭
ְʲôʱֳһˣ
ǹŵģħ˾Ȼҳ֣ǺηʥĪ񣿡

ӻţħԵħһϴΪʲôɱţ
Ϊ࣡ħȻ࣬ǾûҪɱˣȻҶܲˬҲʵûҪĴˡ
ࣿħʧ
صĺܺãС˵⣬ħ˶٣ŵ֮ûϢˣˣڹ֮еֵв鵽Ҷ𣿡
ħ껺ҡҡͷûУ˼ھ۱իֹ˾۱ի󣬾ͷ·˼һ㣬Ҷûܲ鵽ϢĪ˵ǣ
ħҡҡͷǽޣһʵǿĽޣУӦòηǣΪû֣ҲǺҲüƽˡȻǾͼɱֱɱΪֹħֵܵѪܰҪߵѪ
ǣ
ʱѾŵǰû˿ԥ̤ţһɫ˲֣ӵǰ
ָһһϸߵɫײһ
䣡
˲ɢС
ݣ
һɫ֡
Ӳܣֽճȭȭͷ֮ϣһ˿˿ɫ֣һȣһȭǵɫ֮ϡ
죡
һըڳ쳹𣬹ɢ
ݣ
һ֣Ȼֵһ̣ӹسǰȻ͵سǰһץһֻȾצӶȻڳУǵצץһţצ͵һա
죡
ɢһ׷߳ǰ
û뵽һ嶼ˣ׷߳
ЦЦŰ׷΢΢һȻͽ߽˹֮С


356 ң
ȻѩѩǿɸһǿļΪʱһܹħǿ߶ûУħ˵ݺݴȴ޿κΣʱ䣬̫ˣ
ڣһǿ߳ˣ
ڴǿߡսħʱȻǿߡȴֻǵɨǳǽϵߣȻҡҡͷ࣬ɻǰ㲻һ˷Դ尡⣬ѩԶԶ˳ȥڳ˶
Ȼߵɫʱˡ
ɽһϾȻǰΧŶʮܡʮܣǹߴ½ʷϵĶʮλ
棬ÿһλߴ½߳Ƶľǿߣÿһλʦͬһλѹͬߵĳ
ô˵Щǿߴߴ½ʷʵ۷塢ǿһ棡
ȻҪʮܣŶʮ񴫳УҪ֪ÿһԼ֮˵ֻҪһλܹ¡ȻǰǵǸʸʵܴУ
ϾĿЩһһɨ˴ǰ֮ϡҲǵһ
ʱһĵ֮ͻȻֳһõˡһϮۣĺͨΨһ˫ۣ·޾ǿգԶɲ⣬޷Ƶظо
ŰϾһĨ͵ЦݣСŮޣ㿪ʼ̤ɽһ̿ʼұǿʼעˣܲĿϣҪѡ񴫳ҵĵͳ𣿡
ϾĿֱˣҪĿģ񣬶˵һ仰
ŶЦ󣬵ȤҺܺ棬Ը꣡
ϾУվֻǱ˵ĶԼģҰϾҪ˵Ķ㣬ֻһ仰ҿһƾԼʵ֤֮ΪƬǿµǿߣ䣬Ͼתȥûһ˿ԥ
ڰϾҪ߳ſʱͻȻѾͷĿֻ꣬ǳΪƬǿµǿ𣿡
ԣϾʱͣ˽ŲȻתͷˣУ˷֮ɫ
ЦЦһ;˵Ŀ꣬ʵһ˼ϵ˼Ǳһôľͻᱻһ𣿡
˼ΣϾһ񣬵ܽˡҴӴ˿ҰϾûĿ꣬·ж೤Ҿ߶ã·оͷҾͿµ·ֱͷ
һĨͣܲСͱӵǿ֮ģ⾳ѵõǣ㻹ܽ⾳ۺһ𣬱µһ⾳һȫȫ⾳ҵ꣬࣡Ψең츳֮ϣȣ
Ͼ˵ͷ̹Ȼ˶ԷĿޣȻǰҲ֪ʦ
Ȼ˵ͷ꣬ҲɽʱΪҵͳģ֪Ȼսҵġ
սǰ㣿
ЦЦһм߱߹·мȥñ˵뾭飬Ҫ߳Լ·սңĿֻĽӦҲ֪ˡ
ϾĬΣȻǰ뽣ʦʵ֮ͨˣһ䣬ǷѾ䣿
Ц⻺ɢĿ⿴Զϣ˭ܲģһЩΣһЩʣһЩŭ
ΣĿ˰ϾϣȻ˴жʮ񴫳С㲻мӵб˵⣬ǣȴǿԴʮִ֮ȡǵľݻµ似ͨǵսʶԼĲ㣡νУǴϻǴϻҪģ𣿡
ǰҪҴжʮ񣿡ϾʵҪ֪ߴ½ʷûֹһ˴жʮ񴫳еİ
˵˵ͷΪԺ󣬽ν񴫳ˡܴж٣Լ컯ˣ
䣬ٴγ˶ʮӰ

֮أҶÿԲЩ壬ȻģȻԲоԼɱ¾Ѿﵽ۷壬ֻҪһܹ̤ɱ¾⣡
һҶ׼ȥѰ壬ȻʱһӰ˹س󣬺Ӱ˶Ҷһ񣬵ҵˣ
Ҷתˣʶ½ʵҲɳȥЩġ
£Ҷ
½˵ͷʱ˴¡ţ½ħڹǵΪ˳
ΣҶ˵ͷˣ֪ˣȥɣ
ԣ½һ㶣ȻѵҪħȥ𣿵Ȼ½ûָ˼ֻħħʵ̫ţҪɱ㣬ԡ
ҶҡҡͷȥǾħ𣬶ûҪҿûôСɱߣǸҸûϵˣʵɱܹңЩߵۣǸҪȥᣬëң˵ħһԶֽǣ
½һżǰλǸʲôҲһɱ˲գ۵ǰλΪһԲϣǽɱԱնɱģ
ҡҡͷ½Ҷһԥ£ֵħƺѾ鵽˵һնɱħЩߣѾڹǵڿʼЩ֣߳Ȼڹû취ɱˣҪЩߣ˵׾ٵģ
ԣҶüͷһ壬Ȼټֵܣعǣ
ԲߵǵһնɱħЩߵò⣬ϾЩ˿˵ǸѵġҲŵҪЩɱǱȻǾӣǶԼ˵ĻǸģ
ηħ𣬵ǲСħħߣ׼ɱˣȻ򲻵ѵʱǲᱩ¶ģϾҲһ֮һ֮ҪЩˣֻΪԷһ
ҶĻ½ʱ¶֮ɫǿħħͲ˳ˣֻǰҶûжֶѣȻͿʼɱЩħˡڣڲˣԺúһЩħˣ

£ʮ߱ħѺ˳ſǰ⼸ʮǵҶնɱħߵһߡԭڹ֮еģֻǿϧħΪ˽ŪȻȥţźħڹǶʱȨ
һȨǱǿµ߳ǣ
ܲңЩ߸պ÷Ȩı׼
һΣħû˿ϻֱӵɱ
Ȼʱһɫһ漴һӰص˹ǳſڡ
˵ң


357 ţ
ֳҶؿħ𣬱ĮȻ
ҶǽһƬȻȻû뵽ҶȻҳ֣һǹһˡҶӦҪͷڹһӵģϾħħߵǿɲҶһܵеģ
ֻû뵽Ҷѡˣ
ǱħѺעʮڼҶʱжʱһĨж뼤ȻҲû뵽ҶΪǶ֣
Ҷħ˫һУɱʵʣһɹħ̲סӿ˳׼ʱʱʮӰ˹سѺעߵЩħԣȻʮѪ˳
ʮӰٶȼ죬ǽʮħ߸Ĩ˲ӣߺʮӰ΢Ȼͬʱʧԭأ·ûгֹ
ЩҲܵҶȻԼŭħˣ
Լ棬Լħֵܱ˴ɱħ𳹵׵ŭˣһŭȣڤǹһħҶȥͬʱһڤǹ
Ҷ˫΢УһĨɫһ΢漴һӰ϶¶ڤǹ͵ؾһ
죡
ڤǹһӴҶеĽǺȻѳأҶüͷһ壬û뵽ڤǹȻ˿ֲʱħѾڤǹһ̽סڤǹȻҶؿ͵ؾһ
ҶҴ⣬ż΢һڤǹһȻŸ͵һɣ屩˲ħǰһȣȭһ˺ѿ͵غħؿڣ
Ҷ۽ǰһȭͷħһĨмǰԲֽճȭȻԥضҶȭͷ˹ȥ
죡
ȭͷײһͳ쳹𡣸һӴҶȭͷħüͷһ壬ΪҶȻǿܹоʹУ
ǿʹη˿һ̣ǱһΣħûʹڤǹǿʼȭͷһȭֱӣȴǺˣȭͷ֮ռһ󶯵
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ҶҲûѡãɫӿȭͷ֮ϣϹ֣ȭһһ˲Ȼ͵غħȭͷײһ
죡
һӴһɿֲȭͷ͵ɢ֮£Ѹˡ
ħʮҶʮ
һĻħ˴סˡΪ߾Ȼħ£Ҫ֪ΪӦǶûħǿİ
ϣ߳ĬҶҲ벻˼顣Ҫ֪ħҶʱǴ˿ģʱҶԶԶħģûҶȻͱôֲˣ
뵽ԼȻйȥץҶͷʱʱ鲻ԽشһЦȥץҶȥ
㽫ħɹˣħҶҺ⣬Ϊ㾹Ȼܹ˶̵ʱͽزȻɱħ֮ˣ䣬һɹħħ˳
һɹħħͷγһɫȮȮʮɣ߰ɣȭͷ˫۷ļµ͹⣬˫צɭ亮⣬˲ҪǾȮһƺɫħЩħھȮţޱȣ
ϴħ裡
Ȯħʧ
ħ򣬳ħ⣬һ޵ﱻΪħޣޣħ޸ӿֲΪǼ̣Ϊ棬ǿɱԼˣʳãħǿΪӳ㣬ûʵǾǱԵķݣ
ֻ³ħ޵ʵ̣ǳ˸޷ģ
ͷħǳֺǿһħ𣬿ħʱǾ޴һ˿ɵܿ죬ĿҶϣҶʱļɵ˲תѪ̰ȡͷһŭХħһԾһСɽһ㳯Ҷݺݵѹȥ
ͷڱߵľȮѹҶ˫΢УһһУеĽӿ볤֮УǾֻвһɾʱҶҽŶȻ͵һ̤Ȼһ
ӴǾȮĸһ̣ҶüͷȻһ壬ΪƺЩСȮķˡû˿ԥɱ¾ӿȻս͵һ͡һ죬Ҷ˴ǾȮĸһ
ɫȮȻأȻ˾ȮȻûˣǾȮһȻһƺ޸£ڻϣ
غ󣬿û˿µľȮҶüͷһ壬û𣿡
ҲͲǩԼʱһħͻȻ
𣿡ҶüëһҾҪˣ䣬Ҷһ˲ǾȮǰһһӰħǣڽҪӴȮʱһƻ˿Ȼڽ⴦
ͣ
һЦû˿谭ûͷħǵĸ漴ͷħ͵طһ˺ѷεŭ֮УǾ־塣ħħ˲ʱǾȮ䡱һը죬˿ѿ˲䣬һɻһȻǾȮʱһѻҽ
սҶתɫЩѿħ𣬵㲻˵ɱ㿴ⲻ𣿡
ħûɫΪأ㾿ʲôɱģ
㲻ʵĺܰ׳𣿡ҶЦҪңˣҪɱңƺɱҡ֪Ҫɱ㣬ʱûԵİգǣҪɱߵЩħȴоԵİգ
𣿡ħһڤǹУ漴һɿֲ͵ɢ˳
ţɱ㿴
䣬ҶеĽȻֶһ⳯ħԵһħ꼤ȥɱ¾ɫǿļӳ£ٶȼ죬˲ħǰɫ䣬ҲľͲһһȻղһʱȴҲһȻħǲ뾪Ŀ֮Уӳһ
ͣ
һѪħĲ
ħŭʱҶȴЦ֪ұħ廹ڤΪУǿϧڹǣǶȴƫҪأҲգȻˣǻȥɣ
Ҷ˵꣬һ͸ռ䣬˲ҶӴҶɫ䣬ЦһȻ󳤽͵һ
죡
һ죬Ҷǿ£Ǹʱĵɶء
ʱĹسħԣһУǸʱɻУҶҲǺűɱ⡣
һҪɱǵƾǱδǱ¶֮ʱԣһ֣
ԥһ˲ħ˵ͷ
ڶҪʱǽ֮ϣǽ֮£ߵеĽͻȻҲ漴еĽһȻ浹ǳ˼
ʳ򽣷


358 һϰɣ
ڴĿ֮УһȹŮӻ֮Уֳۣһɫʡ
ˣҶüͷһΪ˲Ǳˣǵնһ۵Īû뵽ԷȻΪ˽ʡĿĪеĹ֮ϣҶһݣӦþĻ˵Ǳعˣ
ĪĿҶϣȻ󻺻ҶҶʱĸˣ·ʲôµһ㣡
ԣǰý⴫ǵˣĳѩųһĻЦЦȻҶһۣʣǺǣԽԽȤˣ
ħҲûѡˣΪҲ뿴ҶҪ⽣ʡ
ɻǵáĪҶߵ˵ϱ֮ұذٱ֮
Ҷشֵմ⣬͵Ϯնȥһۣƽĳ衣Ҳøл㣬Ƽҽﵽ˵ڰأлǰɽȡϿɣ
Ȼˣ𣿡ҶЦûаη塣
ǣĪ˵ͷ㵱նһۣҽվն֫˵Σ
Ҷ̯֣̽㻹ʲôãҲʶʶνʣжǿ
Ը
˵꣬Ī΢һɫǹֶ֮һ̣ҶͫһΪ紦һ֣ǿֻһ£ͻּң
ǰؽν֮⾳ʵԷֻǰؽ⣬з֮⾳ǾԲõӦӦͰһҲ˵عʿ϶ʲôЧ
Īüͷһ壬û뵽Ȼﵽز⡣ҲãһȤˣ
䣬һɫǹ֮һɫҪӴҶϥʱһɫֶɫ֮ϣ߶ʱɢУ
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ҶЦЦƬ̣ҡҡͷĪΪνĽʵ㣬͵һĸ߶ȰһνӲסΪûзԷŪһֲڶܹסȻΪ˽ͨ뽣֮򣬽ڣԷĽڿʮһܹ
ȷʵҺ⣡ĪؽӰط֮⾳߾ǿҲӲ£ȴܹ׽£һֱС㣡
ҶЦһҲԷϻսһնһɫ
Ҷ֣ĪǷһĨûκζֻվǣǵǰ
ǵĪǰʱͻȻĪеĹ΢΢һȻ벻Ŀ֮УҶǵֱӱ˽ȥȻȻû˶
Ҷ֮ɫʱĻҪ찡Ȼܹս
ڽǰʹ޲ɼʱһԿϷĻͻȻҶѵ㲻֪ʶԽĪǰǽǽ߽ᱻѹơʳ򽣷ΪǾЦ𣿡
ҶһۻģȻ֮£˲˹ӽƨ£
ŭɽңҪ֣ʱһԵĪͻȻҵģ˭ɱ˭˵꣬俴һۻġ
㣿ЦһҶȻ˲ôǲò˵ǰ˵һ仰ǷǳеģǾΪΪ˽ʣ޵ˣΪǵĽʦ𣿡
ԣĪ
ľҪ֣Եħȴסҡҡͷǽ֮սǲò֡Ҷ̵סѵ㻹̲ס𣿡
ɲˬȴûڼֻ֣俴һҶĪ
ҪȻܾûᶯˡĪ￴Ҷ
Ҷ˵ͷȻһò˵ĺܱ̬ΪǸйصģƺԸĪˡˣоеĽǹʱȫɢȻг֮⣬ҶоͬʱһЩΣ
ڣǽ֮ƺʵӰ죡
Ҳ˵ҶĪߵĪǰʮɷΧʱҶ˫ۻϣҪǽʱһЦͻȻ쳹Ҷüͷһ壬̧ͷȥֻһɫζ
죡
ȻأȻɢУһ۵ӳǰ˲ǱˣǵҶйһδս
ֳֽɫӡһĪĪеĹʱһĨأ漴תͷҶһսҲδֳʤһսΣ
ҵģʱĪ
ЦЦ㲢ûܹɱԣȡΣ
ΣĪܾҵĶϱ֮˵Ҫٱ֮ʧţߣǽ֮ս㲻Ӧòֵģ
ԣüͷһ壬Ҫ˵ʱһһֱĬħͻȻԶôϲĥĥǾɱǲɱɱһԿţɺã
һЦȻҪɣϾһ޵꣬ǿǴ֮ѵһأ
Ƕˣ
ʱҶͻȻˡ
Ŷüëһô
ҶûйתЩߣعǣЩȻʵûκε壡
ǲߣҡҡͷǼᶨ֮ɫ
ҶһůЦЦ⣬ֻҷģȥǲǶİ𣿡
˳ĬȻǲȥǲòϣ⣬ֻҶĺȡֻĲʱȥ
˶ѪԵģҶǰħħ˵вǣôж߲ħڤ壬ǿߣڲһ𣬵ȴǵģȻһ
ȥɣҶٴ˵һ䡣
һۣȻҶһһˣҶһҪţڳеȴ㰲ȻˣֵܼʮˣػȫɱЩħߣֱΪֹ
䣬ʮ˲ԥת߽˹֮С
һħĪ俴ţûֹЩȥȷǴʱĿֻһǾҶЩСɫʵûʲôȤȥᡣ
ڼЩ߽кҶһȻתĿħ𣬻ģĪһһɨҶɫȻȻǲˣȫһϰɣ
䣬ҶһʮɷΧڣȻһƻ涸Ȼ֣¶ȶʱͬʱٱһƻ˿˲丽Щ֮ϡɲǼ䣬ɫ


359 ս
ٱڤ˿ڿһԲνһĹֲвɢһ̣⽣Ĺâֱǹ˾֮ϵգ
ħˣ
ڤˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ħȵ֮УһԶ׼ĽɼǶҶ⽣Ƕأ˵Ǽɵ
֮ϵĽĪһĨ֮ɫֻǵĽǼӳɱ¾⣬Ҳǲ˵ġǣ⽣ǼӳﰡǰеĹʵƺͲôЧˣ
ĪһȻһɹɿΧƾ֣ٶԽԽ죬ĪԽԽ󣬷·ǿΪһһ㣬ֱʧԭأͬʱһɫâ˿ܣ
ĪʱҲأͬģɵĲǽ󣬶ڤ𣬶Ȼǲİġ˻ӡ»ᱻȼճɻҽڣϽ󣬼ɱ¾⣬̶ֳȣ
ˣе˻ӡʼתһͬʱɫڳȻͷ
ħҲûţԼ˺˽صؿǽȻħӿ˳
ʱҶ˫۳죬Χɱ¾ŰţħĪˣҶɫҪɱңǾɣ
䣬֮ϵĽ͵ؼ׹
ħɫһ䣬ԥʩչԼֶΣ
䣡
أһڹ͵ɢ֮һƬڣһ޴Ĺڳвϳ֣ƼΪˣ
·ǽħûĻˣǽ֮һƬţ˴ľг𺳻𺳡һ߾ģ죬¾߾۷ǿҲ첻ҶȻôֲ
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ĳѩ˫΢УҲ֮ɫڤл֮֮ŵĵﾹȻⰡ
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ɢȥһɵľ޴ӳ𺳵Ŀ֮УʮɣڣһƬڣȼţ·һ޴Ļһ㣡
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ʱ˵Ȼڿڣ˴ʱ˵ǼΪǱˣãرĪһƬѩ׵ļ¶˿УȻҪǴʱûһվģ
ʱ˵ɫνǼѿģȻԼĵƣԶֲһǱģǶ¶˵ǰɳܵǣǼ˾ȻǱһŪģ
رĪΪʣȴڽǰŪǱ˵νܴ裡ǲ԰׵ɫЩֲЩˣ
Ȼʱûص׵ٱͻȻԵص׳𣬰ٱĻһССĻ棡
һĻħƤһҪ
ȻҪ
վӵıԵҶ˫̧ٱڤ塣ԭֻʩչһιģϾûô࣡ǣһҶǻˡȻЩ˶ҪɱǴҾɱһιɣ
ͷųһιǸԼһżƷʯڼƷʯ£ĻָȻûлָСУǴʱѾ㹻ٴʩչһιˣ
ɱЩˣҶҲҪȫһƤ
޴ĽϿգĽգ·ĩ١һתţתУɱ¾治Ͻƺˣ
ڣħصĿ֮Уһ˿ŭҶ浱ǶΪ˱ʵǲûѡҶһ㽫ԼƾϾڵĿǱȻʱҶȴ̫Ȼ󡭡
䣡
ڣҽ͵̤أһ޴ɫȻ֣һȣ˻ӡһף˻ӡӭ籩ǣ˲һɣٶɵľ޴ӡ
ҶΪԼ޵𣿡ǲ԰׵ϣһ˿ҶߣҪǿ˻ӡǿ
ʱһƷ쳹ֻħֳڤǹڤǹңָҶԭĥģڿûǸҪˣ䣬һڹƬسħϣһϢЩƬǽ˫ħȫȫסˣ
ҵģʱһŭХڿ쳹ȥֻĪΧһɫⲻţɳںĪ߾ٹʣȻȻȵգ
䣬Ҷٱ⣬ǽ֮ߵ彣Ƿһ֮Ȼһûǹ֮СϢǹ֮͵ֳһ޴ɫ޽޽޴󣬳ԼʮɣʮɣΪʵʵʣ
޽Ҷ˫΢Уһ֮ٱʱصһɫ޽ʵͬʱһĴָСĻ渽Ǿ޴ʵ֮ϣʱ˲޽һ𽣳ˣ
ȥҶ
͵תĽһ˲Ȼ
ɫ޽ҲǱ𾪵Ŀ֮У޽ȻײһɲǼ䡭
䣡
ը쳹һֲڿ͵ɢ˿ǴĿռֲ˵ĳ£ʼŤ
˲佫ҶĪûʱ֮жȻֳһɫ⣬漴˻类µĲƥһ㣬˲ѿһ޴ĿӣҶֳ֮У
ʱҶ˫۳죬һɿ񱩵ɱ¾ⲻŰţĿϱиϱ飡һϸСһСһ㣬Χֳһֹĳɫ
ǣҶȻǿֲ֮¾Ȼ¶û
ҶȻû£֮û£Ϊ˲ʱǶ˽ýЩ˵ֵýֻǲһϢʱ䣬лڸǣڳû˷Ľ
ĪأʱĪѾʮɿ⣬ҶԵǱˣһɹɿ粻תţǰǺɫʲͷŽâֵЩˣǼʹˣǱˣϣֱϣͨ죬·һ㣬Ȼڤɵģ
ĪҶǷһĨЦȻһ˲ĪǰȻʱĪеĹͻȻĪ֣ȻųҶȥ
飬л
ʻסҶһĨŭȵ䣬ڤһ⳯Ź˹ȥ
ڤסǹʺҶһ˲ĪǰĪɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ȻʱһεĿֲȻϮȫ֮£ĪоԼ·һεļһ㣬ȫ궼ѹƣУĽɿֲ£Ȼʩչˣ
ʱһǰһĪ˫۶ȻԲ죬ƺҪ˵ʲôȻʲôҲû˵
սҶĿĪһۣȻԭνʣҲˣ


360 ÿ
˴ľ
ʾǧһĽʾ𣿻һ޵ĽУ˵һ򽣳
ǰһĻ˲⣬ǲ⣡
ʱڤĹͻȻһҫ۵Ľ⣬һ쳹ֻǹҡһ䣬ûһЩõİȹŮӡŮӸӵؿҶһۣȻһĪǰĪؿڵǸŮӵһ̾΢һɫǽӿȥ
ȹŮӣɫʱ飬˽֪ģֻȴûʵĽ飬ڼˡ
ûκһǸСⳡеŮӵģΪλкųƽʵľǿߣ
ʽĪҶüͷһ壬ȻһУڤ˲УڤҶ׼֣ȻʱŮȴ֣ȻתҶУŸ֮⣬ɱ¾⣬ͨһ֮㣬ΪβɽŮǿ⣬˵ĻҶ
ҴδΪʣҶ
ΪΣŮӲ⡣
Ϊʹû㣬һܹ򽣳ҶĿֲѾʶˣȷʵʹңǰҲҶΪԽѹֲ̫ǣ˵һӵ㣬ҿԼܽ
ŮӳĬˣΣЦЦǰһ˵ƵĻӦ֪˭һмҵЩΪʲôܹѹ񣬶ܹѹˡΪһĽ֮ģ
ҶûнӻӿָĪͼԶ
Ҷ㣬ŮӵܲɱѾΪѹʵĴ棬һΣ
ܣҶϾܾɱмңӺң𣿶ңΪİ֮Գ˯ԣңǾһɣ
䣬ڤ͵ͣе֮ϡ
ǰŮӣڤļӳ֣Ż᲻ᱻԷѹƣȻ˵ȥԷԼĽɶпܣ
ҽ⿪ӡ㲻Ҷ֣Ůӵ
㲻ܣ𣿡Ҷǣܳ߾ϵ߶Բ֣߳⿪ӡǻӦ𣿡
վѡʣҲܿŮӳ
ҶЦЦЦģ˼ֻɱңҲɱඣ
Ů̾һ㶯ְɣ
Ȼ
䣬Ҷֶһɫ⳯Īȥû֣һ־ڤ׷꽣
Ҷ֣Ůӵһ̾漴忪ʼҪɽ״Ȼʱ׷꽣ȻתŮӼ
ԭҶĿʽ飡
Ƕʱһ鴤Ҷ⵨Ҳ̫˵㰡ǹʽ鰡Ȼĸɱ֣
ҶɲܶԷʲôʽ飬ֻԷǵˣȻǵˣǾ͸ɱɱ˻ɱˣֻɱ˲֪
ٶȼ죬գۼŮǰȻŮȴǲܣָֻһУȻҶǱ𽣱ǾԷУ
ҶҲ⣬
䣬ڤȻѿһɿֲ˲佫ŮûҶһʱһǻ֮г𣬼һĻҶüͷ֪ɱŮˣ
ŮûͣһԵĪȻһʧʣ
ĪﱻŮӴߣҶűɱ⣬ûνĹƽǰһĻŮѾ˳߾ʵȻȴû˳ֹǺǣǵЩνܣҲǲҵعʰ
УҶжνʳƺŸӲмˡνʣʵˡĪûʣǰ͸ˣ֪ǰЩǲҲˣʱ˿̣νʳƺţĴĵ￴벻м
䶼䲻𣬻ʣһΣһҪĪһҪ
ҡҡͷҶջĿ⣬תͷħˣȻǰʩչνһνڼƷʯ£ʱڻģһι
ûŹħˣȻħҲûŹǹʽĪȥħģҶϢҳаΧסҶͼԣǾǲҶߣ
ҶҲûӣûһܲսħĻ⣬ҲûҪȥ룬ΪҲһսҲһսôʲôǾ仰սսĹֻս֪
ҶһڤɵУһٱٵΧָһڤٱʱ𽣡ͬʱɱ¾ӿӳЩ֮ϣ
֮УҶɨħһۣȻЦ˲ҪɱҶվǻʲôޱȣƿƥùǳϵѪӿ
ȻǰʱǿҶҲˬڣǲòϣҶĺܸ߳
Ҫ֪һǿܾħħ˵˰˼ڳ¿ɱߣȻȴֻڳǽϸɿţ˵³ħ˾һս䶼ңò˵̫ˣ
ڣҶΪڸ೤ħħѿԣʱбжˬˣ
ȷʵʱħģɫΪѿ֮Ҷţ˵ɾͶˣҪ֪˿ɲǲڱʵʲôԭ½ֻ֪Ҷһ֮ˣ
Ҷߴ½ǣ򽫳ΪҶġ
ԣҶǱ¶ƣҲҪҶ
Ȼͬ壬Ǵʱ˿̣뵽һ飡
ҪʱһֳһɫǹŮӳ˹£Ůһһǣٶеȴס˵Ŀ⣡
Ů˭֪Ǽڴս
ϣһȥһڤһŮӵǰȻһɺŮӣ
ȻʱŮӹʧԭأȻʮɿ⣬ڤ彩Ӳԭء
ǽ֮ɻ󲻽⣬ħɫޱΪǿ֪ô£ǰڤ߸նֵһ̣ŮӱѾˣֻǶԷٶ̫죬ͬ˲һ㣬ˣԷĳֲ֣̫һ㣡
Ϊô˵ΪԷɱڤߣõǵģֻһǽ߾ɱˣ
ҶɫҲŮӸһּΣյĸоΣգħ˸ΣոлҪǿ࣡
ŮߵħҶǰˣŮĮȻÿ


361 ֣ǹ
ŮĮȻӵħüͷһ壬ΪԷ࣬ǱʶؽԷ˵ˡȻҪŮӿʱĿ֮еĮȻõǶ˺ǲˬΪ·˾·˼·һ㡭
𣿡
Ůü΢ֽ˽еĽɫǹ֮дһ˿͡
ÿ
ŭЦһ˲ŮӴ

˵һ䣬Ů΢תɫǹǹ֮ϣ족һ죬ħ𾪵Ŀ֮УأȻҪĶˣȻ֩ϸСѷ죡
ǿαôƻˣ
Ҳɫһ䣬û뵽ԷȻ˿ֲڴ⣬׼ˣȻʱŮӹسǰһҪʱһɫǹѾľһȻЩˣǽɫǹұһ
ǹһһֱֻ۴һɺ˳ȥɫ˲ҰףУޱȣȻɱȻ
һĻٴδľ
ŮӲû֣ͣ΢ǹһֱָĺٶȿ˸ǹĹ켣
ʱѾȫ֮ģϱõ֪ǰŮʵжôĿֲа֮ģͲǶϱۣǶͷˣ
һȣ˫˲ڣֳǰһ̽Ȼ͵һգմһʵʵĺɫУźɫ˵ϢʱĿֲˣźɫ͵һɨǽɫǹɨ˹ȥ
죡
΢Ӵǻľٴɫһ䣬ΪеȻҲһ̳Ѻۡǽɫǹ֮еǿֱӽĵɶ
ʱг𾪻𾪣ΪɫڤУ׼ĻƷ׻Ҫ࣬ˣ֮УõĲ죬Ӳ̶ȣ˵˿ȻȴǱǰŮӼ򵥵һǹˣ
ŮӾǺˣɫǹ־Ǻ
ûʱˣΪŮӾȻͬһ㣬ٴγǰͬʱһɭǹٴԼٶȳӴֵٶȺܿ죬쵽ֻԼǳǹĹ켣
һĨɫ׼Լʵ׼ȫʵʱħͻȻŮӵȻһȭŮӵĺԺ˹ȥ
ȻܿŻıɱˣΪһսɾͳɹ¼ҹˣԣѡ֣
ǿҾϮŮü΢һĨãûȥģż΢תħȭͷһǹ
죡
һӴħͫǾһΪǽɫǹ֮еȻĵŮȴֻһˣȭͷֱ֧۾Ȼǻĵһ㣬һϸСѺۣ
һԵҶɫҲرҶʱ˿Ҳ𾪵ģΪ֪ħǿȵġǰŮ֮ϣȻܹѹħ𣬶һƿħŮˣǺηʥ
ǡ졯ʱŮӣ񣡡

֣˷ˣһ˭棿൱ͬ޵УȻ˽ʦһ
ڣʳֺû뵽Ҳˣ񰡣ǿǱȽʻҪϡеĴڰ˸û뵽ȻһŮģŮߴ½ʷƺδֹ
죬ﲻѣ춼ѿһȻ鴫ħŮӣ
Ůӿħ𣬵ӲһǹֻҲ
ħɫЩѿˣĿǰΪֹֻԱ˵ֻڣȻ˶˵ˡҲĸ֣ʱûзΪǰŮĿǰչֳʵĺǿ
ҪǶԷĿǰΪֹûʩչκõģ򵥵ٶȣĶȴǽĴĺ޷֮
ʵʹħҲòԴ
Ůת˻ģƤһǰֻˣһԷˡΪνһܹվʤ֮ڡʹҲòǰŮĺֲܿ
ΪŮֻٶѹžÿֲ
ŮӲûٶԻĳ֣ǽĿ䵽ҶϣҶеڤΧתĽŮü΢һ˿죬ڤɱ¾⣬⾫ϣҸоһ˿в㣬ǵʣ
ǣҶʸߣһᣬܹ޵ˡϧˣ
Ůһ㾹Ȼǽʣ˼˵⣬ŮĿƵһϣ˻ӡ֮û뵽ν˻Ҳˡ㲻ȥ£ôκǱˣŶˣӦõһȻշǱϵΪã
ǣȻһЦҲû뵽ȻһλˣһһλŮӣⰡ˵ҲҪѧǰҪǱһȻѹ½ţţǿɾеѣ
ţѣŮҡҡͷֻҪҰϾģûģ䣬ϾţߵſʱͻȻͣȻǱǱ
䣬Ͼųǽ֮ϵһ俴һۣȻջĿ⣬漴߽֮С
ǽ֮ϣĳ䴦ѩһȻҡͷһЦΪ񣬺ĸ֪˼˼Ǻǡ
Ͼ߽ʱһɫֶ˲˰ϾǰȻҲϾζǵɫǺȻѣ
ڶ֣
һĻˣֻϾܣǵɫû֮УȻȻûˡǵɫֱɢ
𺳣
֣ˣϾɲܣǹû֮УȻȻȥ·ǵδֹ
һΣħĻɫҲŵǿģ˵˿߾۷ǿߵ۷һȻȻŮӾôˡ
ʵֲ̫ˣ
˴ʱ뷨
Ů߽֮ħ˳Ĭˡ֣ǴʲôǶǳѹͬߣˣܲңǱѹĶ
ҶҶȫûôֻ࣬ҪνԷѹ˭ûϵĿֻһǾǻˣȻϦȻŬʵȻĸףô򵥣
ͬ޵УţЩǽȥɣ
ҶɨħһۣȻһһȥתʧ֮У
ڼȥһҲû
ħƺҲԲûȥ׷ҶҶʵѾʶҶҪܣ˺һܹ׷ϣϾɲ˵ģ
Ȼⲻ˾ͲɱҶˡҶվǱģ


362 ֵܣ
һ֮УҶվһŴǰʮӰ˰վţһ·ֹһ㣬Ļͻ֣ᷢʮ˵ӰȻΧЩӰںһϸǴڣ
ҶתĿʮһһɨһĨͣʮʱѡģʮˣȺɱ֮ʵ涼ǿģڹϬɱħ߾ͿԿ
ǺܲҶ˵ͷĿмһϣһߺɫ֣һɫ磬ֳһ̽ȻݣȴΪ֮עӣΪڹʱӵ˿й֮Ϊһ˾ڲϢʱɱߣҶһ˿ˮ
ʲô֣Ҷʵ
һȻû뵽ҶעعæҶ΢΢һȻؽ
Ҷ΢΢һЦǰ֣ʵܲҸоΣյĸо
ЦҡҡͷʵǷһ֮սĴţԽ޵ݰ˵ʣôв
С˵ûʱһӰ˳Ҷ΢΢һȻҽҹɣֵ֮СģȻҲģ
ҶЦЦǲҲ֪仰֪Ƥ֮ģ
ԣһԼ˶ʱ̿мЦ
ҹɵ귭˷ۣЩΡ
ʱҶ£Ȼ˫̧΢ʮƺɫ˿߶ʱڷɳȻûʮ֮Уʮһ㶣عӿ֮ɫǲ⡣
ΪҶǵһ껹ǣҲ˵ʱ˿̣ǲҶǯơ
ΪΣЩ
ҶЦЦûΪʲôϲԾˣڣǿѡңҲѡȥȻϣܹҵģϾҺҪǡ
Ҷ֮ԭģڹ£ΧȥʱҲзʮȥȻʮ˲ûȥһ׼ֻ֣Ǳǿѹʮ˲ûж֣
ǸʱһĴţ˵ˣԼҲǱű֮ĵġ֪ʮ˶֣ʮ˾ʮģħ𣬻лĺܱ̬ɱǼЧ
Ҷ֪ʮ֪֣Ǿʮģ֮һ̣Ҷһ˿жǵģҶҲԸͬ飬ţϣκζ飬黹ǵ꣡
У˳Ĭˡ
ΣҹЦЦȻɫʵԭֵУ㣬ҪΪ꣬ͨ㣬øԴǣڹ£ΪЩ߶սĴţʱҾ͸ԼֵҸ档ţֻи㣬Ҳܱ𣡡
СҹһʱһҲ֮Уģֻн㣡ԸЩ˽ǣֻǶˣԼˣȴһˣڹЩߣǰľٶҾ֪ûˣ
Сҹ˵ûŽ㣬ǲбĻᣬѡ㣡Ҳˡ
Ҳѡ㣡
Ҳѡ㣡
Ҳ
ʮˣʮȫѡ˼Ҷ
ҶһȻǱѪҶҲǣǵĵ˶ôǿ󣬵ǣģҲûǵĵˣ
Ҳûǵˣ˶ҶһȻ
ˣҶ˿˿ԼҲʼѣҲʼֵԼֽһЩҪػȻһΣҶȴû˿෴һ˿ĸо
ҡҡͷҶһһУһؽѾû̫ãǶӦŲСãرǹǾǷǳֲġʮһɣ
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УҶѾ¶棬ħڤ˿϶Źǣǿ϶ǣħǣǽǷǳΣյģ
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䣬ĿİɣҶ
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Ҳ˵ͷڣСҹȻ˵Щǻǣ˼Ҳǵ˼֪ضһɳ죬ȻԶԶ˦󣬵ģǻŬģᾡԼŬĽŲ
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վԭأ㶣ҶҡͷһЦûϢǧʯּƷʮŶѣȺһǶ˰
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Ȼԭʮһǰûнɣ˸飬ڲˣһܺõˡ
ΣҶЦЦͻȻЦݽסǰͷһĨʱһͷͷС
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363 㡭
Ҷһ˶սĴţǻܵϢͬһ˲ϯߴ½ȻĻҶԽ޵սʤ˵ʣսʤʣߴ½϶ûֹİ
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Ůھʯ֮վ˽ʱһĨʺȥʱŮӲջĿ⡣ͻȻŮü΢쵽Ѿ͹ĸ֮ḧ˸ŮǱֳһĨ͡
ΣŮĿͶ˱ķ촽૵ңǵ㡭

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ڵõҶսܽʵϢԼͬر˳ĬΪ˵ҶʱѾˣΪʲôΪҶ츳ʵֻҪǱȡһΣôƷţضΪţ
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364 װ
ʮڣ״Щذ׳Ҷǰ
ǰҪӦذףӦݱͷޱȣڼһһЩϣԣذ׼׵ƿؽƷףʹ֮ʵƷҲƿģ
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ԣҶһϲȻذˣлˣ
С°ˣҡҡͷȻмǸģǱܸһЩ
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һһǽǵģȫȫɹͷɡߣָ߽ʾ״֮⣬ûκλװΣ򵥡ֱӵһǽҶһ۾ϲϲļֱӣ
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죬΢΢֮ӳӰܿ죬ԽԽ࣬ӰԹ֮ӳͬһӶȥ
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Ȼϣ幫ЦЦȻվҶԡ
ҲһʱԶԾҶҲʶǵǼʮ
ˣҶǷһĨЦ⣬ӭ
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ҶһǽУһĨɫȻЦǾ·ɣɱĲ㣡
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һĻħɫȻʱʮϣ幫ӣǧѾӿ˵Ĳ㣡ʱħڤ廹Ҳħ󡭡
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Ϊ˴ʱ˿̣Ѿȫ˷ⲫһҴһǹ˭Ҳɱɱ˭һʱ䣬ɱѷѽ⡭
죡
һ죬Ҷħ˷˿һ̣ٴαȻʱϾͻȻ˵м䡣
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ŰϾҶħͬʱһĨأΪǰǰŮӾȻһ˲Ƕ˵ȫһһˣȲ˵ԷĹٶˣ⹥Ҳδֲ̫һ㰡
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ڤҶܣĲʵǺܿģĲ㣬ûκ谭ռ䶼֮УһţұߵĽ䴦ҶѩǼˣʱѩǼǰħڤսǾͷ·ûпһ㣡
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ʯҶһĨ죬ߵʯǰֻʯ֮ϣһŲԾĴ֡
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ַʯ֮Ͼ֪ϣ幫ַʯ֮ϣʯʱһ΢⣬ֻǺܿɢͷ·ûгֹ
״ϣ幫ƲƲ죬ջԼ֣ʯҲһʯһ˵Ǳ죬ʵ츳ʣ֮Եһ˵ȫ㹻죬ܼȻͻὫдȥͱϣˣΪһֻнʦѹţ˵þ޴ôأֻʲôôҾͲ֪ˣ϶ʲôΪʦ˵һ䡮
ôҶ۾һȻЦЦȻкôҲԣ˵꣬ʯ


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Ҷһǧ߰ȻһԵħڤһ԰Ⱥ߶ʱһϲȻҶߵλһط׼
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Զѩ˫ۿҶһۣȻٴαĿ⡣
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ҶĻȺɫʱЩѿˣһߣǿмһЦݣʦ֣Ҳ֪дǡ
һҶ俴ŶԷض˶ԷĻ
Цݶʱסˣ׼ٴ˵ȻҶȴǽŵͬʱһɵĽâҶǽֶ
һĻ߶ʱ˵ˣȻԥתͳ·ȥһ֮Ҳæȥȥ棬л棬⣬Ǿʮģ
ȥҶһЩһȺƴʱƴʱһ˹ɣ
֣ǲЩˣʱһһֱĬļʮͻȻȻдǱϾҲ࣬ǼǣǵʵضӲ١
޳Ҷʱϣ幫ӵҪЩʲôʵ㵹ûʲôҪ㿴Щ˵ǸУҪǳʱһĬħڤսƨƨʵ˵ǰҶ֣Ҳֵģʲô
ԣʮҡҡͷȷʵʵ˵Ҳе㲻ˬģƾʲôɣֻǾڻЩƵˣи˼룬ǾħǷͻҲһ㼸ֵ
Ҷҡҡͷʱ˶һöûģȻֻһǧңЩ˶ǾսġҪǲħսҲηģãܾ˶ѣƴƴ𣿡
ðɣʮ̯̯֣˵ˣӶǵġڣҪʲô
Ȼϣ幫ӰһۼʮѵãڲԺɾûˡҪһͻƵ߾ҲȽ϶࣬ܶһͶһ㣡
ǲǵ𣿡
ҶͻȻʵǰǼǰϾȥģĲѾŨصӦҪȵĲӿֲģȥǱȵĲҪõģҶ뷨
㣿ϣ幫ӷ˷ۣ֪Ǽ֪
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ϣ幫̾һ֪ħģѩΪʲôǵ𣿡
治֪Ҷʵ
ΪǸϲȥϣ幫ӵ㿴ûǵڴһ㱡֣ǹжֲ֪ô˵ɣ߾۷ǿߣ򲻿ԣӦ˵Ǿһ߾ǿҲǴƵģ
ΪʲôȥҶ⡣
Ϊ񣡡ϣ幫ӵһС졯ǹʵǹҪƿֲʲô£˵ʲô£ǶǣǺǡ
ԣҶһǵڴ֣һᣬȻջĿ⣬漴һطҪǾԼʵȻǱռһϯ֮أΪֻܻ˼ӳ֣ҲֻܽתӵϦϣ
ĲĺܳԣŨļܵСתҶΧʱһ漴Ҷͬһһ㣬ΧҶӿȥھһϴЩһɫҶС֮С
Ҷ˾رϣ幫ӣ۾ĴģȫҶһۿΣ˹ĹƷôֲ
һԵļʮͬĵ˵ͷȷʵֲܿ
ħĵҲҶ߿˹ҶʽʱҲƤһΪҲ̫ˣ
һۣǴӶԷпһĨ֮ɫ
ܿ죬ҶüͷΪ֣Χˡתͷ˿ܣΧ˿жһĨԹҶڨЦЦȻæһطСжǾ޴ģرǻҪתɫ̣ǲ֪˷˶
ԣȱˣȻյöܹ࣬ΪõģȴǱȽٵģ
Ȼ֮ôΪоԼҪͻˡΪС֮еڿʼɱ䣬ǵģǵɫڿʼѹԼһɱḶ́Ҫ֧ŵģ
ʵֹҶ߶ʼҪͻˡ˴߾۷壬߾ֻһ֮ң侫ŨĵطҪͻƣȻǺ¡ǣʱˣ
ǾǴҶڷȻȻڵܿͿ첻ˡ
Ȼħڤ˫Ķ֮Уֳɱ뺮â


372 ԡ
һʱƽһֱܺƽڣ̫࣬ħڤ屾Ͳͷ˫Ȼ˫ɱġϾһˣҾͿԶһЩһЩȻͶһֻΪ߾
˫Ҳ֪һѪƴԼһʤˣҲ˵һǧ˰٣ǣöԷ˫Ҳģرħڤ塣ǰ˵Ѿһֳˣ
ԣһЩħڤѾ߶׼ˣ
Ҷ˫ۣվߵм䣬ħڤߣȻ붯֣ԣ˵һ仰ǾǣҲܱ֤ܹӮҾ߻ȫûǣҿԱ֤һ㣬ǾûһܹȻȥ
вǣħһڤǹֶǹħ֡
ǣҶֱӶԷţǾԣܲ
Ųھħ˫΢УɱⱩӿħԽԽ࣬ȫסħ塣
ţ
˵ĲҶһӰ˹سҶ漴Ϣʱ䣬һӰ˳Ҷ󡣾ʱһӰˣҶԵʮӰ⣬ȴȫʧԭأͷ·ûгֹ
ǱǾѵʥأҶȻЩֵܲʵЩʼѾˡֻҶûǶ֣ΪЩκһһκʧڣòЩ˳ħڤˡȻһĻ׶༪٣
ЩԼЩ˻
ʱ˿̣ħģɫֻЩߣһ㶼η壬߽սʱЩصɱͻȻӺһĻ
ЩɱֵۼģǵЩɱ׾ƿܲӼɵ
ħĵʵȻǲηЩɱֵģ֪Ǿ˫սЩɱǵ˾ΣˡҶǾ䡰ûκһܹȻȥĲˣ
Ӧ֪ҶȥĲͻᱻĵһɶħ
ԣҶĬˡȷʵģеţҶͻ߾ﵽ߾ҲΪˣյǾ޴ģҲ͵˳ĲҶҲףεҲûʲô취
ߣȻɣɱħڤ壬ʵȴֲԣʱҶҲˡ
ҵһ취ʱѩ˹ٶ˽档
ʲô취ħʵ
ʤ̭ħ΢΢һЦ࣬ħ壬ڤ壬ʵ߾֮ûʵģǺǣǾ¥ȥȻ¥˭ʵأ˵أȻǾ˫ܹԷնɱĻǾͶְɣ
θʤ̭Ҷʵ
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гĬΣҶȵͬ⣡
ħĿһҶѩȻҲ˵ͷ
ҶħлĶͬ⣬ѩ΢΢һЦȻתһˣ˶һȻһϢʱ䣬ߵֻʣһˡ
һĻҶħлɫȻѩȺʵ飬ǶԷٶȻǶѩ𾴣ȴõҶħлԽѩˡʲôݣܹôһȺΩǴӵӣ
ħҲתһħˣħҲûԼʵ߱ԼȥڤҲͬˣ
ҶʱҶΨпЦΪߵûһվЩ֮ԸΪܹǻ棬ڡ˶˽ģܹվѪƴģҪȥøˣԸ⣿
һһԵħڤʱ¶֮ɫ漴ϷŰĿҶҪδ
ˣҶ֪ҶȥҲ⣬ϾǴġҲûʸǿκһȥԣҾԼȥԸȥľ͸ߣԸģҾǿ󣡡䣬ҶŵȥԣҹһȺߵˡ
ҶȻǲȥģòȥΪһǿȥضңʱȺ˾ˡϾԱ߿ǻħڤ塣һ˵ĻȻ˼Щû취ʱһٶߣ
ϣ幫ʮ໥һۣȻҲҶ
Ҷ˾ȻҪȥʣµȺ߶ʱЩˣҪ֪ܹ֮վΪƴ⣬ΪҶ˴ͷû˴ͷʹڶһҲȻģ
ЩҪʱʱһЦڳ𣺡ǼȻҪߣߺˣαسأǲȱһͷ𣿸Һˣ
ԣҶͣ˽Ų˵ˣʱҶкâһ˵
ߵʣµǰȻҵʵ棬ûġȻԸȥģҾ
ԣЩ߶ʱĬˣȻĬˡȻЩԲҶʵڲǧѷᣡ
һĻһԵħڤ˿Ҷʱ¶ϷŰ顣
Ҷһۣ΢΢һЦȻ¶һεı飬ƺ˵ⲻܹ
ҶûֻЦЦҶһˣԭԼˣΪԼˣҿԼ档ǿϧѡҵˣԡ


373 
˵⣬Ҷ΢΢һЦȻԣҸһٶֵܲȥˣ䣬ҶͬؿһȻߵһԡ
նʱЩˡҶ˲ȥǳе߾ͳ࣬ħڤȻԸ⡣
ҲһǰǾҪϵĻǸҶˣأ
ܿ죬ħ˽Ŀ䵽ϣȻߵ˱Ƚ϶ܹ࣬вģֻȴֻйһˣҶߣҶ߻ϣ幫ǼʮҪҶһȺɱܿţ
ħԼɫһû뵽ҶȻһУǰ֮վҶ⣬ΪЩȴǲϾǾпɱġܹܹҶշЩΪõĻȻǷǳģ
վˣ
ֻڣԼһӽԼ˽ȥսǾԲܵģȻΪЩȥħлĵƴɽأȻսǾֻʣһ·ˡ
ȻʱĪȴͻȻԣĪ￴һҶȻֿһħģſˣ
ԣһϲȻħԸ⣬λʣֲһˡҲ˵ʱ˿̣ǵʵѾκһ
ȻħɫһֻǵҪ߲ʲô¡ڼĪǾûôˣ
㻹Ǳˣ
ʱҶı漴һɫԼٶȳĪȥ
ԭҶǲʱֵģû취ĪŵʵǷǳĲˬȻˬǾͻɱ˵ΪãҪɱɱΪã
ĪһĨмǰʩչҶԽԽȻʱĪͫȻһΪԭվԶҶȻȻʧԭأȻһ߳
ٶ̫죬쵽һ˲ͳҶʩչǵȻһŽâĽⶸȻĺ
ĪһҶٶʲôʱôˣ쵽˷֮⾳쿴Ĺ켣ˣ
Ȼ𾪣ĪﷴӦɲҽŽż΢һɫŵ׶Ȼ֣漴ĪһӰȻԱʮɿ⡣
ĪԭվҶһתǽһӰֱָĪνĽ֪ʾȻ˵֪᲻ᶪĴӹײ
ԣĪɱ֣ȻҶʱȴٴγ
ȻҾͳȫ㣡
Īһȣ΢ǰʼֱָҶһ̣Īٴȵ˲ɱһ
䣬ǹʻһٶ֮죬õһħɫһ䣬ѩҲһĨ֮ɫ
˲ҶĸȻ׾ٵƿҶƤҶڼȥһĻĪϲӿһĨϲɫȻʱǹͻȻԶͣȻ˾㵵Ŀ֮лһ˳ҶȻһŮӳ˳У
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Ī֮Ȼɫѿʷ˵ܴ谡
ȻʽȴûڿתҶ֪Щɼǣδĵ·ϣضܹΪԽʦľ͡Ϊ⣬ʷнʵĽǶԽĵôУ
ҪѡңҶʵ
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ΪʲôѡңҶʵ
ΪʽҲȫϾʺϳΪʣֻ֮˶ѣ
ԣҶһȻȻˣǾԸʵĽ뽣УĲ˵һᣬһѸٳΪǿߵľѻᣬĲʱе㲻ϲʽ飡
ҶĻʽһϲȻʣҶǰ
һĻħĵɫѿҶʵǿڵõʣΪµĽʣ绢Ҫɱ͸ˣ
ȻɫѿģĪʷҶԷѡУνܵˣ

һ˹ŭڳ쳹һɫ˲סĪͬʱΧǧɫȻ֣
Ҷɱ㣬ĪĲΪˣһɫ֮д˳


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չʣҶС͵תɲǼ䣬ɫС˳ȫӿԹ֮У͵رһ貵ĽââɢҶΧɷΧڣʱ¶ϸСĽ
һڤֶŹʣе¶ɲǼ
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֪ػǿҵϵǿѩЦЦ
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ʱĪ漴ɫЯǧɫٶȼ죬գۼѾҶǰֻÿֲݣΪɫ֮ռһҶЩطŤ
Ҷ˫΢У΢תҽ͵һ̤еĺɫͬһöڵһ㱩֮УҶĨɫӿڤ֮УȻǿֲɫ͵һ
ʸһӴɫɫ֮ϵڤ͵رһ˲ǽɫȼճޣڤʳֱ룬˲ĪǰȻʱĪ¶Ȼɫ漴һʧԭأԱʮɿ⣡
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Īϰʮ⣬ʮһؽ۷壬ΪʷܳĽţҲпܳΪʵĴڡûΪ˽ʣǣΪʵǰһ֮УȻһ֮С
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Īɢ
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ȻƫƫҶֻ̥˵Ūˣ
ҶջعʣĿһĪ︹棬ĪѾһ˲ͳ׷飬Ҳ˵ʱĪѾĲˣ
ʱҶеĹͻȻҶ֣ΪγĪǰѾû˿ɫʵĪʽһĨӣһ̾ȻһУĪʬʱһʧԭأ
һĻҶɫһڤȻУҪ
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νػһȥ껹ڣûɢʱԷֱӿһԷӵսʶӵǰһм򵥵˵ⲻǼ򵥵ĿܣܿԼʵûƵģ
ĻǻģҶʵ
ģٴҶ
ԣҶɫһЩȻʱٴγ֣ϣ󣬽ȻȻǰ׾ȣ֮ǰΪĿܣǽʵĻ˵ӦǳΪĽūһ߾۷壬ӵаؽ⣬ط֮⾳ĽūӦкܴİɣ
ԣҶĶˡȷʵĶˡϾĪʵǷǳֲģûڤʻѥҪɱԷǸܵģһԣǡ
ֻҶվЩģΪǵӵԼʶģһؼʱ̷ɣǾ൱һɱְ
ܱ֤ᷴˣҶʳԼĵ¡
ܣ
Ҷһ飬׼˵𣺡ػֻһȱ㣬Ǿʩչ˵ʵ뾳볬ʩչˣȻʩչ˼пܷΪģҵʱͽ㣬ֻһ
ʲôҶ΢΢üǰʽƺе㲻װȻ
һ
Ժ˵Ҷûи𸴡
ʽƺ׼˵ʲôҶȴͻȻŲھɢɲϲּۻۣǰʲôʹʣ


375 ̣
ʽ΢΢һ̾ȻһתָΪ壬Ҷǰ
סʣҶת˿ħģĿϣˣҶǷһĨЦȻתߵԼĶߡɲɵȥЩˣЩȻʰ
Ȼʱħĵ˵ĿϣѾû˰֣ҪЩˣʲô£
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ѡЩ࣬ҪħħˣҲˣʱ뱣ʵսǱΪЩߣĲֵðգ
ˣʼ磬ȻҾˣ䣬俴Ҳˣתߵһԡ
Ļ˵ɫѿˡȻû뵽Ȼ˵ͷǣȻǿûʱȥԹһǾҪȥҪ
ȥĲİϾģǲȥȴֲңϾû˴ͷħĵ˵Ķ֣
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ħһҶȻҶ˫΢գ·ûǰһĻһĻħɫһݣΪҶĺȫħ尡
Ҷ˵ϲѣǰЩ˵ԼˣȻԼˣԸΪԼ棬ΪУԼ˵ǾҪعġǿϧЩΪѡ
㲻ʣҾͲ壻ңȻҲҪ㣡
Ҷôһ˵ˣԵ±ԹǸҶûôΰԣԳħڤĲɱҶȫӣ
ʦ֣ǰķϣҵһ֮ҵԸ¥ȥ
ҵԸ¥ʦ֣ʩԮ֡
֣ǰҵȲǣҵֲ֪ǰӣҵʦֵһѣҵȸм
Ҷ㵱Ŀҵȫڴ𣿡

վǲħڤǿߵģһᣬѾ˴롣ΣֻܿһԵҶȻҶȴǷ·ûǵһ㣬ɱֳĬ
ҶֳĬȻҲǸűֳĬȻЩģϾǰͬһ뵽ǰЩΪѡǣǵĲıǵ࣡
ܶʱ˵ѡĺҪѡˣƽƣѡˣǾٲ
ʣǰЩ˾ѡˣ
ǱɱߣʮһỊ֣̃ǡ
ʮδ˵꣬Ҷǰ˰֣˶ԷĻ֣֪˼֮ǰƾҲᾡԼŬڣǸҲԼֵȥΪһȺΪǵƴǲֵã
ԣʮ΢΢һ̾붯֣վסˡʵ˵һ뵽ǰЩ˵ѡ̬ȣҲǼ䲻ˬģԼЩΪǣԼ棬أȴΪԼЩˣ˭ﶼˬģ
Ҳֵԭ
ģٴѪɺӣȺѾȫߣ
ԭʱħͻȻԭΪħѾѪ̣ڿҶ㣬Щ㰡Ϊħ˿ɱǾñɱԼˣҶȴǿԼ˲ȣѵͲ¸Щߺģ
̣ҶЦЦֻһ˸ǾԼˣǣǸǷҡһ㣬ǾǰѡɱߵĻǾԲģ˵أ
Ҷ˵ûʱϣ幫ӵ˶˽ģҲϣΪҲ˽ģǣÿ˶ΪԼ˽ۣԣħͱⷴˣǲ̣ҲЩ˵̣
ǣʱʮҲħΪβȥ˵أǰ˵ҪЩ˵ģϧѣ˼ҾֱӷˡνĻӣνδͳ˧˻ʣǿЦ
ʮĻɫһɱӿ
ԣħһȻߵһԣʼ
һĻҶ˫΢Уħһȴﵽ߾ǡûԥҶҲȫ͵߾
Ҷһ漴׹ǰطκ˶пܽ߾һ߾ʲôҶǽٴεĵɱһһѹûɱ
뵽⣬˲ԥæȻתʼ
ڣڱ˭ȴﵽյ㣬ʧܵһĴ۾ԣ˭Ҳܲ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻһһѷУǾԼӿǵźܴİÿһţţǼƷŶιϣ쵰ʮҲ
Ҷ˵Ʒʱһӵϣеķ˲ǹˡ
һĻħڤߵɫѿ


376 㣡
ûйħˣҶҲȻʼʱͻȻҽȥ㣡
㣿Ҷ΢΢üʵ
ڵʵѾ߾۷壬Ҳȹ̣Ҫ߾ҪǳġȻҲܽ߾ûħѩ죬ΪѾǰ벽߾죬Ǿܹ̤߾
ԣҶüͷĸҲǺ⣬ֻǸһ׶ѣ
֪Ҷ뷨ǽٴ𣺡㲻ҪΪܹԽս߾Ҫ֪ﵽ߾ͿԽһʵڣŤԷĹ߾µ߿˵Ƿǳģ
Ҷʵʲô
ﵽ߾֪ˣ֮һﵽ߾а취ЩˣضǼ֮У
ҴŶܹﵽ߾
죡
֣ҶЦЦ죬ڱˣܿ죬ǶȴЩˣʽ˵죬ħĻѩضﵽ߾Էһﵽ߾Щһѣ
˼ãҶ㣬ȥ𣿡
ԣô֪㲻ܣ
ҶĬˣΣһЦʽ˵ûԣԼô֪أ뵽⣬Ҷǵȥ
ʱ˶˫ۣĿҶϡ
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ħüͷţ˼֮ɫ
ѩ¶˼Ȥ֮ɫ
˵Ŀ⣬Ҷߵ˵ڴڵڴһ㱡ɫ֣־Ө͸ޣ˸۵Ĺâ֮⣬ûʲô֮
ɫְΣҶһǽУӿ˲ӿǽ֮УͬʱڤҲǽ֮ϣż΢һ˲Ҷ͵һתǽննǵɫ֮ϣ
죡
մɫ֣Ҷɫһ䣬Ϊһɿֲľǹ֮͵ص˻ֱ۶ʱһ飬Ȼֱӵ˳ȥɳʮɺ󣬲ڵأ
Цϼ쳣ԡ
ħҡҡͷȻջĿ⡣
ѩһĨʧ漴ҲջĿ⡣
Ҷվֻ֣ǻڴѾѿһɺӡսҶĿɫ֮ϣһΣǰδе֮ɫȻԷһ͸ƿ˷
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ҪӲƴΪﵽ߾ȻڼȫʵҲƲֵģҶɻʱԴ֮ٴ˹ʽ
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㻹ҶЩáȷܹоʱʵҪƿصɫǸܵģ
ĬΣͻȻҶ𣺡Уȥ
ԣҶһ飬ȷʵҶҲţҪԸĻ϶ܹƿɫֵģֻиİ
Ȼԣ
Ҷٴߵɫǰ˫ۿһۣǺֱܿ۾һԵѩ۶û
ħĵ˿ҶȫǲΪǷǳ֪ɫʲôڣǵһõģĿģΪ赲񴫳˽㣡ڵһʲôΪʲôҪǲرֻ֪棬Ǵ߳񴫳ߣʵõ˾޴
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ֵһ˵ǣĽʦƺҲûܹȥⲢʲôϾ񴫳ţʹҲ⽣ʦ˵ģ
ԣ˴ԣ˵⽣ʦ겻м룬ǲм룬ǲܽ룬ǾͲ֪ˣ
֮һ仰֮⣬ûܹȥҶȻҪȥⲻǳ˵
ô룬Ҷɫ֣Ȼ˫ۻڣһа취ȥģԲԣ
СгĬţû˿ķӦ
ҶȻ֪ģȥҵʵͻõҵʵõȻ϶Ҳܻô԰ǽȥ˫Ӯô
СɳĬ
㿴ʵҪʵȻҿܾˡˣ϶ûʲôôкô϶ϣ־ģԲԣԣֻҪСæǾͿԽȥˣȥҿ϶ܹʵȻ󡭡
ϲؽһӣȻСȴһ㷴Ӧû·ûҶĻһ㣬õҶǸް
ֹһӣҶһжСеǺǣҿƹû취ɣҲǣ˵ǿ˵Сû취ҲģģҲģҺ㣬ģҡ
СɳĬţ״ҶһĨʧҪ׷ʱСͻȻת漴һɾ֮С֮͵𵴶ʱҶһѣΣðǣԼ䣬һҲȷΪֱӻ˹ȥ
ͬʱһɫҶ˲伤ɫ֮ϣ족һ죬ɫѿһ޴ӣҶǱһֱûǹ桭
Ҷû֮ǹ΢΢һ漴ԭ
һ̣˴ľ


377 ˰ɣ
Ҷʱħģѩվħ벻˼֮ɫѩҲεɻ벻⣡
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ʱ˿̣жֳʡ

֪˶ãҶоԴޱȣʹҡҡԴֹ˰ΣҶŻ˫ۣ۴ģһƬҶüͷһ壬Ȼٴʹ˰Դ
ˣ
ʱһҶ
ͳһżƷƷԼϣҶʱоöˣԴȥֻһŮӱ˫ֱ
Ůĺ޳ܱͦһԺͬβһк£μ⴦ͣס˫ָȭվӢˬɾ䣡
ϾҶʵ
ŮתҶŮòҶ΢΢ͷΪǰŮǰϾ
Һ⣡ϾҶط˵ǲܽģƫƫˣҺܺ棡
ܱǸҲܸ취ҶʼһҲܺ棬㾿ʲô˵⣬ҶĿ⳯ɨһۣܿյκζûУӺˡ
㲻ǿ𣿡Ͼ밲⣬ʲôŶȻŨµνˣ
ôʲôûأҶ΢΢ü϶ǲģŲǵһŪôһطŪǸ赲ڵģ
ϾҶһۣȻû˵ˣֻתĬš
״ҶûȤֻҪԷﵱǶԷרط̤ͺáȻν񣬵ҲʵڲԷƴϾʵҰϾģ
͵ҶʼΧͻȻҶ͵˫ۣΪ֣ڵСоȻԼתȻԼΧȻҶ㵵ط֣СԼٶȱɿˡ
СеķգҶΧЩȻͬһСһ㣬ҶͬһУЩС粻ϵӿڡ
ϾٴתһĻϾһĨ죬ҶյٶȣƺҲ̫һ㡭
һʼҶǿϲΪСõôȻǺܿͷ֣鲢ģΪСյЩתɵɫȫӿС֮ϵǵȥˡ
Ҳ˵еڣһ˿Ҳû
أϾ֮еľ֮ɫԽԽŨˡΪ֣ҶյѾԶԶ߾۷ܳܵķΧ
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Ҷ΢΢һ飬Ůˡ
ģϾдŨŨ֮ɫ˵޷ôģƫƫˣͬطһ
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Ҷٴһ飬ǰʵǿİϾʱһ緶ȫһ汦˿Էʱ⸱ģ϶𾪵°Ͷɣ
ΣϾһ顣
Ҷҡҡͷʵ˵Ҳܺ﾿ʲôģǿϧҲܸνģСеܣܵˣɲκ֪طʲôģȻ棬ȴûʲôʵ壬ģ
⣡ԣϾ΢΢˵ͷȻžûʲôˣԣȥɣ
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ʱҶʲô룿
ʱҶȫⰲϾŪˣ죬һŮ˻ͺأһѺõӣȻһֱ̾ӳ֣һ־֣ٶҲ̫˰ɣٶȿҲͰˣŮ˳ֵٶҲ찡˷֮⾳Ī˲ٰ֪
ҲǿֲˣֻһţͲ㱻顭
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һɫһ

Ҷй밲Ͼȭͷֱֱײһһͳ쳹Ҷ˫Ŵŵ泯ȥ˽ɾ뷽ͣϾ˿
Ͼ΢۷ɱ¾⣬صӳ֣֮ǰǸǿϲ٣
ҶͫһΪϾ˵ʱȴѾǰٶȿԷĹ켣ҶԷֵʱһǰ׶ûһжôȻôǵģʱϾľָо
Ҷ͵ӿѥ֮Уҽ͵һ̤ұʮɾ룬Ȼһ̣ҶͫٴһΪұʮɾλʱϾѾվ
δ֪


378 ܣ
죡
һͳٴҶϾһȭ˫Ŵŵ泯˶ȥڴ˽ʮɺҶײʯ֮ϣֹ£
ҶͷһֻԼؿڴȻһȥȭӡҶ˫΢Уɭɫ̧ͷǰȻȻİϾΪҼ߾ǿˣ
ȻأϾüë΢
Ȼ󡭡
ҶһȻ󽫹ջɽ֮У˫΢һ˫צ˲串˫֮ϣͬʱӿѥ֮Уһ̣ҽ͵һ̤ȵ˲Ϣ
䣬һӰ˲ҶվλãҶ壬һϢֱӳ˰Ͼǰ˫צ̶Ʒ죬ץ˰ϾĲӡ
ҶٶǼģٶ˲屶ǰϾٶȻҪϼ֣ҶԭվλҶλãǳһʵʵĲӰ
Ͼɫƽ֮Уûа㲨Ҷ̺ſֲצҪӴӴʱ΢
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Ҷһ׼ˣȻʱǰϾȴһͬʱһֻЩϸСȭͷ˲ĸٴһܽӴ
䣡
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죡
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ڵصҶϾ΢΢ҡҡͷȤսһλᣬóǿʵȻͽսˣ
Ҷվ
죡
һҶͻȻӿһ˲䣬Ҷһˣ֮УҶһֶչʣ顱һ죬Ҷұ֮ϵ˲䱬ѿȻڤȼճޡ
һֵָҶֱ֧֮ϣŷ·ȼյĹʣҶ˰Ͼò˵ҵøл㣬ΪٴһǾԶ뽾ΪΪԼúǿʱʵ˱ǿ
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ҶӿʵҡҡͷǸҲף



379 ˿
˵㲻ˣ𣿡Ͼ
ԣҶȻʧЦôаɱңǰŮʵǿǰδеǿҪ˵ԷܹɱǲŵģȻԷûгʵҲǣͨһ򷨣ɲ˵˵ѣ
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Ȼҡҡͷ̫٣ɱ㣬δЩȤԣΪжһȤ㻹ǻŰɣ䣬ϾתȥߵĲڴʱͻȻͣȻһ㣬ǾŬǿɣȻҾûʸˣͻˣ𣿡
䣬Ͼͣ˵Ĳ㣡
Ҷ㶣ȻһЦҶܹţֻΪΪԷһȤⰲϾǿ˼㰡
ԷӣҶҲǱϣ⣬վҪģʱǶԷΪǱϣǿսԷǾԲ·ģͬģҲԷ·
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Ҷʵ
ʽ΢΢ͷңȻҲ
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У
ԣҶ۾һûңô߰һУؿ϶ʲôȱľ
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ʽ˵ͷԺ֣мҪע⣬ΪĺǿʹǵңʱҲֻǿһѡҪ֪Ѿ⾳⾳κһ֣ɱ¾⡣ٶȣӦúǡҸоһ⾳
⾳
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΢΢ͷȻʵЩرǽ棬ȻǽڤȻף׷꽣Ҳԣǿߣ簲Ͼħ֣⽣ڤͲôЧˣ
Ҷͬĵ˵ͷ˵û׷꽣ڤǿʼ޷ħ밲ϾǿвÿζԵУͿ뵽⣬ҶЩεҡҡͷ
ڤǿǰ֮ԶǰϾЧΪԭ򣡡黺Ҫԭ㣬Ϊ㲢ûöڤ𣬶Ľ뽣Ҳشȱݣ֮ڤе㱩
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ǸڤʲôĲַҶ̡
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Ҷһ㶣Ȼһǽ˽ǰǽ΢΢ҡͷȻĪΪĽֵܹס죿
һѣҶæ
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Ҷ۾һһֱһѺʣֺõĽǿϧһֱûм൹ǲȴǱ˻ȥ˺һӣ
򣡡鵭ĿҶһۣԺлᣬȥȡɣ㿴ˣ
䣬йһʱһ˿ߵİɫϸСǽ˼ͬʱʮʯڳһ״ССס
һĻҶ۾ȻԲ֮ɫΪʵ̫ϸ̫СˣϸСۼ
ʱǽٴһУڤǽ֮ϣнٴһӣһ˿߽ͬǣμĻڤ𣬶Ҷ㵵ڤȻҲ˿ߴСǽ֮ϡ
죡
ǵʯ֮ϣһ΢漴ɳʯֱӹ˿ֻǺܿ죬ʯȴָֻˣҶǲ⣡
Ƿ֮͵Ķƻƻһĳ̶ȣķ֮ͻЧȻ޸ñƻƷ
Ҷʱɲʲôֻ֪֮ǰ⽣龿νŪôϸСȴǳӣˣڤҲˣǵģܹĸоڤҲ࣡
߽һȫȫ׷꽣뽣


380 ߾
ǽ˿˵黺ν˿ǽѹѹͬһ㣬鲻ѹѹԽС̺Խ⽣˿ԭڤҲˣԽزݣҲԽ󣡡
˿Ҷ˸˷ܵĹâʲôƷף
£ƷɣԲڵƷ
˵ˣھͽҰɣҶѾЩȲˡһֱ츳УûõĽȥ٣ҲٲȥЩŵģЩŵģ൱
΢΢ͷĿҽ⽣㣡
Ҷ˫΢գܿ죬һϢӿС
Լ˰ʱҶŻ˫ۣһգǽУһӣһ˲Զĵ֮ϣʯ齦䡣
һĻҶüͷһ壬Ȼҡҡͷǽ˿Ľѹ˽Ȼƺô룬ΪĽƺûʲô仯
ٲ㽣ͨڽȳƣмĸꡣκνһ͵ġ֮ʾ⽣˿ٿڤ㿴ҪھͿޣȻᣬϾǲʵġҵĿ֪ԼϵһЩȱ㣬ף黺
ԣҶһ㶣漴˵ͷܽˣȷʵЩ̫ļˡⶫĲһ͵ģҪĿӦǺúԼ̤߾ڽڤֻݻ
ڵأҶʼ
һĻʽ΢΢ͷǰȻЩƫȴܹ֪͸ģá˵˻ǲģֻҪۣǺܺദġ
һָΪҶԡ

ڣ̫
ʱŵһֻ̫վˣһһƺ«İ׷ߣһˣԵ塣
ΣˡʦҪ·𣿡
׷ȡ¾ƺ«һھƣĿͶߴĻڣ֪㵣ʲôǣӦ֪Ҵȥȴҵľȥһһ
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Ҵ޵ͬٲ׷ĵȥлһҲһǲȥ꣬Ȼٺƽ١ʱھûһˣ
һ̾Ļڲϣûǰķ⣬һ겻һ꣬ĻԽʦ
׷ҡҡͷ㣬ΪǻˣŭԪţҲǧﰵѹȻҲڵ£ҺڵǽҶСӣǿϧ˰
ҶǻɱʣֳΪʵˣ
׷ߵ˵ͷĨϧ֮ɫգΪ˻ٻԪ֮ĶԹҷò˵Ⱳ޴һʧȥһţýڳΪ˵Цһǧɣýȫ¶Ļò˵Ĵ
ȷʵϧˣ˵ǽڵӣֻҪ㽣ʵĺضҲܹؽڡصأʫ
˴˵Ļʱأ·ٵⶼ⣬ûгɹûгɹĻڵĴͿˣ
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ɣ
ĶʱһΣʱҽ轣ȫڵ֮ʦһ֮
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һȥ֮УҶͬһУ֮еӿȥʱҶɢϢ֮ǰǿ˲ֹһ㣬⣬ͻִᷢʱҶĿֳһֹŤ

߾ǿߵı־Ҳ˵ʱҶ߾ѾԶ
ʵʱҶǺƵģΪԸĽ߾Сȴǽ˳ɵǵ֮УҲ˵ΪֻвɣãֻɣҲһ߾ߵȫҪö࣡
ҶĲ֮еһЩҲҡ߾ףħģѩԼһԵϣ幫ʮЩ˶еţǴﵽ߾۷壬رħѩˣ˸Ѿֻ̤߾ģ˳棬Ҫ߾˵׾ٵ£
Ĳ㣬ҶƴΪһ˴ﵽ߾һעˡ뱯ңԴҺƴ
ڶ㣬ǵһЩߡ
Щ߸û˸ҺúΪʲôΪܶǵˣ˭˭
˵֮ǰɱΪλãڵɱΪˣǵģһѾɱۣ˭ǳˣǰʮҲǲҵģ
ֵһ˵ǰϾϾµǱ̨ǰǱ֮͵ΪҪսߴ½ʱȴʲôҲûֻǾվţĿǵһִ
վһˡ
Ȼû˸ȥģЦֻҪȥұ鷳˾ллˡ˭ȥ鷳ѩڿϾʱĿ֮Ҳһ˿أ
ʱţһȥˡ
䣡
峿Ĳ֮УѩͻȻӿһɺ˵ƣΧˣʱȡ
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ʱħҲͻȻһɿֲħħʵʣ˲佫ħУ
һĻħӿϲ֮ɫһԵɫ򳹵׳
˼ߣ
ħһڳ߶ԺȻ


381 
ϾƫͷؿһħƵħȻջĿ⣬ʯ֮ϡ
һѩǷһĨȣһԵߣ΢΢ҡҡͷ
Ȼʱͻ
ħ˵Ǿ仰ʱӰ˹سħԣ漴źжȻħĲӴٶȿ磬ҳϡ
ֵĲǱˣҹɣҶϵʱѾħڤˡȻǵ⣬ΪʱҶڣǸû취ʾҶ֮Գ֣ʵΣΪû뵽ħȻ˿ͽˡ
ڲ֣һᶼûˣ
ԣûԥãֱӳ֣һ־ȫ
ħ˾ħȴǷһĨҲζֻذҪĲʱȻı˷Ȼذ׳Ӱ˵ȥ
ҹɫһ䣬һҪȥȻʱħȴǲмһЦܣ䣬ħΪģΧɾĿȻŤҹ˸һŤĿǱ¶Ƕ˵λã
죡
ħ˲˶ǰ˫ȭֱӺ˶˸˲䵹˳ȥȻڶҪײʯʱ˵ȴǹʧ˿У
ħüͷһ塣
߾߾ǿߵʵ
ʱҹɶҲ𾪣ΪǷ֣߾ħѾȫܹɱˣսħֻһƣǾȻڣ߾ǰѾȻ޴桭
俴һҹʧĵطħһ漴תһԵߣȻ󻺻Ⱥߣ
ƴһϣ幫ӳҶ⣬֮иûħĶ֣Ҵʱħ𻹽߾ʮ֣ҲֲסԷ
ȻܹԽսҲÿˣǰħܹԽսҪԽսǲʵģ
ԣվ漴Լӿһɹ֮ӿ˳
ħһɭȻɱһ
䣬ħһ˹ȥһԵĻҲǽ
ħһϣ幫ʮȥٶȼ죬߶˻ûعħѾǰ漴ڤǹһ貵ǹâնһִٸ񵲣
죡
ڤǹ޴֮£ֱӱɨķɳʮɿ⣡
һ˶ˣɫ䣬ħ߾ʵȻǿˣҶڣֳ˭ܹһ֮УڣҶû߾ֵܵס
ʱҹٴιĳħǰʱյĺܺãħջϣ幫ʮһ̣ħɵʱٴִɱҲǵ⣬ذ׺ݺħĲӴȻɫȴڴξһ䣬Ϊǵذ׷·ڼӲ֮ϣҲ޷磡
ħǷһĨڤǹ͵һɨҹɶһذæᵵȻȴɻǱĵ˳ȥһΣ˵ļأΪ˵ֱڵסħڤǹһ̣ǱڤǹֱѿϸСѺۣ
ħһߣҽ͵һ̤ε˲Ƿɳȥҹǰһڤǹһɺâɨ
ҹɶͫһΪʱڿУ𣬴ʱĻħ⾪һ
Σʱ̣һ޴޸ƿն˲ڤǹ֮ϣһ죬ڤǹһǹƶʱ裬ҹɶһϲû˷λᣬһɾ룬Ȼʧԭأ
ħתϣ幫ӣһĨɱ⣬û˿ϻڤǹϣ幫͵һڤǹһɭǹâ˲ϣ幫ɫһ䣬һ㿪һǹȻЩˣڤǹֱû֮Ȼħʯ֮ϣ
һԼʮĶʱȥǰħʵʵֲ̫߾ĸ߾۷߾ȻǶԷһ֮СĿ⳯Ա߿һۣʮɫҲΪֻǶ̶̵ʱ䣬߱Ѿʮ࣡
ǰһѡӻսսĻûκӮĻᣬΪħѾﵽ߾ʱħһᣡӵĻлһֻǡ
࣬ýޣðƷ洫ӣʮͬ飬ȥˣ

ʮͻȻЦЦƬ̣ʮħ֮ɫûκηϻʮ͵һͣеĽҲһ̣͵رһҫ۵Ľ⣬һ˿߾ߵϢڷӿ˳纣һ㣬ԴԴϡ
һĻһϲʮҪ߾ˣ
ħһԵϣ幫ɫ䣬ΪʮҪΪ߾ҪԱ
ˣ
ħ֮ɫԸħߣһ߾۷ߣһһԱǰħ˾ֵҲضԪˣ
ȻֹǿϧѾˣΪʮѾƵһĳ̶ȣģʮľ룬Ȼħ赲ʮԱĿֲ
һϣ幫촽ţҪֹʮȻȴʲôҲû˵Ϊ֪ʹ˵Ҳáǲ򲻵ѵʱ̣ʮǲѡԱģԱɢ˭Ը⣿
Ǵʱ˿̣ʮԱǾһᶼûħɱ
ԱԷһᡭ


382 
ħһ
ʮһЦ漴гȻħħ˫΢У΢ħ֮ܶ㿪ܶ㣬ΪħߣԼֵȥΣգ£ħԣҪһ֮£
ʮħǰɲľʱʮгȻͬʱ͵һһ˲漴
Ҷұ𣬹
䣬ʮ͵رը˿
䣡
һԵĲ֮͵쳹һɰɫ˳ԲζȻɢ˲佫ħû
ħڤҲͬ˵ʮħ廹ڤ˲Ǳ˺Ѫģ
һĻȴ֮ģΪǼʮģܿ죬ѹסеıߣ˳ǻŰĿֲɫˣڿǻûȫǻÿ֮еħ
ħǾһħǡ
Ŀ֮Уǰɫ˻ɢ֮Уվһߴ󡢻Ƭӡ
״ɫʱ
ʱҹٴιسħǰȻذĨħĲӣ
ħ˫΢Уǹһ족һ죬ħ
һĻһ漴һϲΪ֪ħȻûǱضҲǼʮԱ֮ˣҲ˵ʱħ𲢲ǰǸ޵еħˣ뵽⣬ٴγս飡
ҹҲһϲΪܹоħʱȷʵˣҲǣһ߾۷߼ؽĽԱħ׵壬Ѿܱ̬ˣһ¶ûǾͲǱ̬ˣ
˰סλᣬϣħɱ֣ȴҪħսǿ϶ǳԿģǶҲû취Ͼڳֻǵʵܹǿħֵˣ
ǶҪߣħסģǶ˲ߣΪʲôΪҶһҲЩߵԼˣЩѡҶҪµʱǾעұͬ
ǶţҶĻͬѡ
ųħڤٴδսһԵѩЦЦȤȤĽ䣬Ŀתƣ䵽ǳаϾϣЩ˼
䣡
ʱԭڵصĻͻȻӿһɿֲƣ漴ĵЦ˳У࣬һҲ
߾ǿߣ
һΣߵĶʱ˹ȵסһħѾǼԵֿڣֳһ߾Ļģ죬Ҫ
һԵѩҲһȻȻʧЦҪЩడ
Ȼ˴㵵ǣǻĲûȥɱǳеߣǿǰϾɽһĨ裬ǰŮӵ涪ߣⰲϾǰʵûɱԷڣѾ߾ߣⰲϾȴ߾
ǲ˻ĵĿ⣬ϾתģȻȷھˣ
ƤһȻЦϾԭΪħѾܿ񣬵ڿҪϰٱǧɱңʸʵ߾ߣأ߾߾֮Ĳ࣬Ϊ񣬲᲻֪ɣ
ԣϾƽ֮еţš

α˲˰Ͼǰһ˲˰Ͼü֮Ȼ԰ϾüĴһ״һϲȻͬһʱ䣬ϵϲǱ˾֮ɫΪǰϾֻһӰ
ǿЦ
ʱϾȻӰı𡣻ɫһ䣬Ҳľͽʩչ£ұ߶ʮſ⣬һʱ
ȻʱϾȴٴ𣺡֪ΪʲôɱΪ֣䣬ϾѾ³ʯ֮ǰ
һĻһԵѩɫͬʱⰲϾʵЩ̫ǿȻܹԽսȫѹġ
亹ʱⰲϾδҲֲ̫һ㰡ֻ߾߾
󣬱ĳУǵģϾǾ䡰Ϊ֡ڳؿİöԷɱʸûˣһ֮ɫȻӿֻ֮ϣ׼ٴζʱħڳ𣺡ģȽеߣ
ԣһĨΣǷȥҰϾ鷳һ֮Уеĺɫݡһߵʱ飬Ĳ
ɱǵģɱ߸ûһֵܹסģķ·ڷйһ㣬ÿһζԴ飬ȻǵҲŹֶμѪȣ
һԣϣ幫һԥһ£ȻһĨᶨһգ޸ɵУеľ޸ϣ幫ӿǼʮһϣ幫ӵĸ
ҪԱ
ûڼħڤ̽߾󣬳Щ߱ѾҪͶΪҪˣҪʲô
ԣϣ幫׼ҪԱʱ߿ʼҪѡԱˡ
һĻһ˼սħƤһǰΪػħߣʮһԱȫȻҲͬһЩƣȻҲᱻ߲סˣ
ڣҪԱһֹһˡ
ʲôʱôѪˣ಻һ̰


383 䣡
ˣ඼һּ˽̰Ķǣںܶʱ򣬴ڵѪԱȴܹηͬʱʱߣûһڴʱ˿Ͷ뷨
ֻһͷǾɱɱʬҰ
һʼֻҪѡԱܿ죬ҪԱӵ˶ʮ
һѡҪԱħڤ߶ʱ¶˼ɵ顣ǿߣǿ²ҪߣڣǰЩĶҪˡЩߵļƣҪͬھ
һԵѩͷһγһ˿⣬ЩߴʱʵΣʱǵıֵֶ𾴡
̰кܶ࣬ǺηģȴǺ٣ⲻֹߣĶˣ
ΨһľֻаϾˣ˵ûģֻһǾԣУħڤߵɱ¾ûκģͺñһֻڿһȺڴһ㣬˭˭Դ˵
ĮӣǵģϾĮһУ
ЩƵ۷壬ҪԱʱڵǵɫͻȻ˿漴ҶбҶٶȼ죬һ˲ϣ幫ǰȻ͵ϣ幫Ӹ漴һɫӿϣ幫ӵڣϣ幫Ѿ񱩵ǿѹ
ֹϣ幫ӵԱҶ׼ȥߣȻʱѾˡЩڵѾ񱩵˼ޣЩƺҲ֪ʱѾˣû˿ԥħڤȺ֮С
ʦ֣ΪұȥҲħǣһɡ
ʦ֣ջ򣬻Ҽշһضӣллˡ
ҶȻԪŵӣǻϣܹΪһǱһϧҿһ˰
һû취Щħڤ壬һɡ
ɣһɡ
䡭
һڳ쳹Ĳ˲䱻ʮ߾Աǰһ۷߾ҲСοЩħڤ߻û߾׵ħڤǵȥʮˣҲһ˲Ǳʮɿ⣡
һƬǽ塭
һԣҶ˫΢գ˫ȭţţֹסɱڷӿħɱдûɱġɱħдҲûΪħҲɱߣ
ħڤ֮ĶԹ˭˭ǣҶ˽⣬Ҳȥܡֻ֪ʱ˿̣ɱˣ
ȻǲƽദҪѡɱ¾ǽɱһУǽҶУǽҶҽ͵һ̤ڤȺ֮УгһɨһԽⶥˣżƷʮ˵촦
һĻʣµһϲΪҶʱ¶Ϣ߾ģҲ˵ҶҲﵽ߾
ɱ
ʣµҶӰ죬ҲǷһҰŭ漴ħڤ˹ȥ
ʱ֮ǰЩħڤӿ¥صǽ壬ЩһعЩ߱ǷҶɱ˹ȥЩߵļ룬ߵˣ
ʱһӰ˹س˳УȻʮħߵԴ˲ҡ
Ѫɱ¾ʼ
߱ơ࣬ʱҲûˡʵҲѷɫħڤ࣬ҶһٶɱһԸ߿ĸɸɾˡ
ħڤ֮е߸ûһܹסҶһҶÿһλӽżԴңʱҶͬɱһ㣬˭ɱ˭ڵѪɷڴʱҲǻƮ˳ȻųеѪʬ塭
ͣ
һնɱһڤߣҶ׼ٴγ֣ȻʱһȻĺ
ҶһĨɫ͵ؾһһʱɣʱǻĳǰ
˶һۣ漴˳ű˴˱ʱ˿̣Ҫκηϻ𣿲ҪˣκԶģ
֮УһϸС涸Ȼֶ˲Ҷеǽһǽһǻĵȥ
һ͵һһߺҶǽ֮ϣһ죬ǽʱɣǷһĨȻʱɫȻһ䣬ΪҶѾʧ֮У
׼뿪ԭأȻʱȻһ˺ѿƷ죬漴˫оһֻۣһ˫צľצס˫磬о룬͵رһɿֲֻǹɺûҶǱһ˲ճޡ
û˿ԥҶ˫צס˫͵سһ
ͣ
ֱֻ۱ǱҶӲ˺Ȫһ˫紦

һĲҽڳ쳹ס˵Ŀ⡣
ɫ˲ŤȻʱһֻצȻؿһ˫ԲǺɫ
û꣬顱һֱӱڤϢʱ䣬ıǳɢ˳УһҶû£
˴ľѾ̤߾ĻģˣҶģ
һܹɱģʵľѥġ˲Ϣ˲ϢȻ԰ϾûʲôвǻĿɲǰϾ˲屶ٶ£ĴֱֲӱһڻĻûչֳʵˡ
ʱǿѪɷͻȻһѪûҶü֮УɲǼ䣬Ҷ˫۶Ȼ죬ͬѪ


384 
ѪɷüģҶ嶸Ȼԭأһɷڳ͵ɢɷҴŻѪζ
һĻħڤ߶ʱһϲȻ֪Ҷʱô£ʣɱҶʱ
ʮħһҶȥһҹɻϣһ˺ס˵ħ𣬸޷Щħ߳Ҷȥ˶ʱ˰أʱҶ˵Ĺǣ˭
׼ֳһȥ֧ԮҶʱʮӰ˹سҶΧһԲȦҶΧС
һĻ˶ʱһ
ʮӰ˳ҶΧħһ㶣漴ӿʱҪκηϻ˫ֱɱ
Ѫɷüĵǿ̣ҶǰĳˡһƬ㳡ϣ޾ɷ޾Ѫ޾Ĳк޾Թ޾ԩƬ㳡֮ϡ
֮УŵѪζɺɫĹ
վڹ㳡֮ϣǰһУҶѪɱ¾ⲻӿȻɢȥ

ʱ㳡֮ϵЩԩ궸Ȼһ̶Ĳҽ漴ȫӿҶˣ֮ЩѪҲȫӿҶڡ
ܿ죬ҶгһĻĻʲôЩԩȥʱĳһЩԩļҡһĻĻ̵ľҶԴ֮ͬʯһ㲻ӹõҶ˫ԽԽɺ죬󣬾ȻѪᡭ
סģɱ¾㣡
ʱͻȻҶкȻը졣
ԣҶһ飬漴æرģͨҪľʲô¡֮ǰв㱻ƣҪΪѪɷŪһֲ
֮Ҷ֮еɷԽԽ٣˫֮Ҳ𽥳ֳЩ֮ɫǰǰɺ졣
ֹ˰ΣڿЩ˵Ĳ֮״Ҷû˰㲨ȴá
ΪΪ
ÿ˶ⶼһҶž仰ȴǼ򵥣Ǿǣ˳
ˣҶȻʣʲôģʲôʵûôӣɱ˵ģͺñһĥʯĥýӷȻõɱˡǵģһеһУûôӣҲûô飬ǽ߽ͨ⣬ɱ¾⣬ûôӣΪףǶɱ˵ģ

Ҷ˫ۣУޱȣʱѪɷü仺Ʈ˳ȻǰǰѪɷ飬ҶҡҡͷѪɷαҲǱǾһʶģǰ֮ԳţΪɱ¾ѪһֱţõҶˣ
ΣǱ֮еѪɷõ˲٣ǰľٶֻǿϧûгɹõҶԽ˸⣬Ӧ˵ӵԼĽҶĽʲô
֮һõĺôױȵġһΣҲ˽ͨĺ壬νͨʵֻģͨһ־磬һ͸򷨱ʵľ硣
ҶҡͷЦЦڵ֮оͲᰲϾļ޻֮ˡΪڵĿȥ֮ǰİϾŷ֣ϾٶȻиɻһҲûʵЩ覴õģ
һգѪɷץеѪɷ飬Ҷ΢΢ҡͷȻս֮ڡⶫ˵ôģǾǿɱ¾⣬ǵģʱɱ¾Ѿﵽ˵أ
ĹȻѪɷ飬ΪѪɷ̺֮ɷѪȼŨպÿɱ¾⡣
պѪɷ飬ҶŽĿͶ˳УųеɱҶر𵱿ǰߺʬʱ⼸֪ǽʲô֣֪ЩΪġ

ʱԶͻȻĴЦҶĿȥֻΧϸСɫСΧһۿɼĿŤȣȻ֡
߾
ħĻѩҶ˴ﵽ߾
ͻȻĿͶҶϣ漴һĨҶ֮ĶԹվһνɡ޷ȫ˻ӡֽ񣬾㿴˻ӡ
䣬һתеĽɫӡҶȥɫӡӭ籩ǣһϢǻɴСľӡһСɽһ㳯Ҷݺײ˹ȥ
Ҷɫ䣬ӡǰһɾʱҶһԾһǽĽֱ˻ӡġ
һ
Ǿ޴ӡһȻ󵹷ɶء
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ʱһԵİϾͻȻתҶһ˿֮ɫ
ҶȻûôܹ֮һӡǽͨǵģӡȱ㣬һǻӡ˴ܣһ˳һ˵ԴȥԷȭͷȻǺ䲻ģͷȥԷأ
ԼĳȥԱ˵Ķ̴ǴʱҶõķ
ɫ΢Ȼû뵽ʵǿ֮󣬶ҶҲˡһҪʱҶȴͻȻʧԭأһ̳ʱѾǰֻҶɭȻʵҿҲͲˬˣ˵ĶԣĶԹһԵĽɣ
䣬һֱؿڣǺܿ죬ҲǺܴҲûмӳڤ߽⣬ȴ򵥵һõһԵİϾеĲ֮ɫŨˡ
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ͻȻҶٶȶȻȻسȻǽһĨâֱıģ򵥣Ѹݣû˿ĻĶ
ҶͻȻʧԭصһ̣ɫͱˡʱһɺϮһתһȭһϸСɫȻֶȻ׼ˣսȻҶеĽ΢΢һƫü֮У顱һ죬ѿ
һĻڳһĨ֣ƷȻȴǱҶһȥҶģ
Ҷû˷ʱ䣬һȥţһһ壬ֱ룬ؿڴȻҶȴüͷһ壬ΪĽʲô赲ס޷磡һһ·ʱѿ棬һɢŽĽɫף

ͻȻЦЦƬ̣ҶǼϷ֮ɫҶ㲻һվ̣ѽҿܴܲ׼˻ʼף˵ûᣡ
ûǵҶǽͻȻбϣӴʱ͵һȻǽҪӴʱһƬɫۼ׸סĲӣסҶǽǽˡ죡
Ҷüͷһ壬˵ġ˻ʼסǿҸȫһҲޡ
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Ҷɫ䣬ڤǹǰֻ֮ʱеǽһ㣬ڤǹǹ·֮һڤǹ̺֮Ŀֲʱжȥʮ֮˾ţͬʱڤǹҲֱӱҶһ㣬ı˷
Ҷûзλᣬһǽֱħţ磡
֪ħĿֲҶûڲ˽ڤһĴָСĻ˽⴦ҶҲԼȫȫ˽֮ʱҶ⴦̺ǼΪֲģ֮һ֮ڶ
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ħһȣɫƬȭ͵غҶĽ⣬ħȭͷҪҶ⴦ʱħͫһΪ֣ҶıѾʧԭأʱǰģֻҶһӰ
ʱһ̶ƷȻħ漴һϸСĽ˲ĺ֮


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Ϊֻӵо˵ٶ𣿡ħҶ쳹漴ڤǹֱָҶԡ
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ಮ٣Ҳಮ٣ҲһսʶҲ޼˵սǷǳҵġ
ģҶռϷ磬Ϊͨÿһζܹ׻ħĹЧķֻҲûʲôãΪʹ̵ԷһҲûܹöԷƣƤû̿
ͬģżħһǹҶϣͬûܸҶʲôʵԵ˺
Ҳ˵˲ƾҪɱԷǼǲܵģ

һǹһڿкݺײһײĽǿʹǹһ漴Ҷħ˳ˣ˴˷˿
صȵǱʼˣʱͻȻ˰ϾϾߵǱ̨֮ϣħҶһۣϾ΢΢ͷǱʸģǼˡ˵һһԣʵ鷳ԣһϣΣ
˶ʱʯһϣ죿ûɣⰲϾȻҪħҶһϣʧķ費ɣ
ħҶҲһŮѵĿķһϣΪѾ޵
ȻʱϾȴǵĿһԵѩٴοڳˣҲһϰɣ⸱Ц飬֪ʵħҶǿ˲٣˵塣Ϊ˼鷳һϰɣ
ѩҡͷЦЦ֪пıǮǱǸҲһս㡣ȻҪսңôһӦս
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ⰲϾ϶Ҳ֪һģȻ֪Ȼҿڳԣ̫ʮأ
ħѩĻϾ΢΢ͷȻһҶҪ˵𣿡
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ϾɨһۣȻһ֣ʵôһģϾʵǿϧΪĪνİǷᣡ䣬Ͼһʯ֮ǰȻӡʯ֮ϣ
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ֹϢ𺳵Ŀ֮УϾ˽ʦڶĺη˵ڶ
һĻ˴ľⰲϾȻԽ˽ʦˣǱȻԽǿˣʲôڲý½һǿߣ
ҶħѩʱɫⰲϾǱȻԽ˽ʦδҲֲ̫һ㰡ȻԼģҲܰ˿ûܹǽʦҪ
ʱⰲϾʵǣǱѾԽ˵Ľʦ
ȻûҶ𾪵ʱʯ֮ͻȻٴαһ貹â漴ϾֳԽߴ½һ֣ǱĵһУ
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ϾǱȻԽ˵һδܹԽһ񰡣ⰲϾˣ
ȻⲻϾδĳɾ;һܹԽһ񣬵ǣȴѾ֤ϾǱԽ˵һϾ䣬գضܹԽʦԼ塣½Ҳٴγһǿߣ
ʱ׷ǧó˳УǵһеֱϾʱǧһĨ֮⣬漴˷֮ɫĿ˰Ͼϣ˾ƷڵĳϣҴڣڣǹѡ񡣲ˣ㻹κκҪΣ
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ʱһƵĵ˳˳У俴һǧãȻǧãǱδ㿪ʼ˽ˣⲻϹذɣ
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ǧһĨŭݣΣȻޣһһεǱϵţֻҪȫԴڣΣȱܾ㿴ǽҶĽޣСС;Ѿ⣬һɱ¾⣬ֽţŮٰɣгеЩߣǡ
ţ޿ҶһۣȻǧõĻŭǧã㵱ɵ𣿽ţؽѣ̶̼꣬Ůȣ㿪ʲôЦһǧҲȲŮް֣


387 һϰɣ
һǧԼҲȲϰϾ֣
仰ҶЦһϵ˵ֱװƷź˲ȷʵ˲𣬲ΣҶûŲһĺúõģȥϵҲδʲôԴڣ
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˫΢УһƺâһȻҪˣṩţŽṩһԴ㣬ҹҲһЩģǵؽϣ
ˣҶϾܾԴԼа취ͲǰˡУǰĨ˵Ҳֱֱ˵ˡҲκţǰͱ˼ˡҪˣǰȥұ˰ɣ
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ҶЦһǰΪʲôһǿߣǰӦ֪ǡҲûȥһǿߣû취Է˵̫ȣһҶʮ˱ĸһ㡣
ʵһȥˡ
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ǰϾͲһˣ֮ӰԼδضԼ۷壬Ϊ½һʮƷţֻǿϧˣĿϧ˰
޲ûǿͷȴֻܷͷΪʲôòʧǿȲ˵ⰲϾʦǺηʥضϾһŪãԼŪһδĳǿУ
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ҡҡͷǧɨ˳һۣȻʱҲˣǱʽʼΪԼŵˣλŬɣ
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ϾԴ󣬶ţ֮ÿζħĻᣬԴʾǿҪֻϣԷܹϲǵģܣ˵ܹսʹ죬ֻ֪Լļģ
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ϾһѩȻҲأ

ѩ΢΢һЦ漴һһɫ֮Уɫʱɫ䣡
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Ҷϣ幫ȴüͷһ壬ΪҶ֪Ԫͯ˭ˡϣ幫ӴʱҲ֪Ϲˮ˭ˡϣ˵ϹˮһǿУû´ӦԪͯһѩС
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ĨĨǵѪϣ幫һĨ֮ɫһĽɫСеĳ룬ϣһĨ漴ֱü̫Ѩ
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䣬ɱ¾ҶӿһϸС˲串еǽǽֱָѩ⴦һƽâ֡
ûзϻҶҽ͵̤أǱ̨ʱһľ޴Ҷ˴˺ѿƷѩǰǽ͵һ̡

һ֧ɫޱʵıʼҶĽ⴦һ˲䡱һ죬˶ʱ˿
ʱħжһ֧ɫޱʣ֮ϣɫ
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ҶһϲϻˣȻѩе֧ޱʣûɵȥʡһɫϻǰһٱٱûɽ󣬶ȫ϶Ϊһصһγһ޽
ָһڤ˾޽Ľ֮飡޽ʱ·ȼգһ޴𽣣
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һȣ޽һĻβͳѩͬʱҶҽ͵̤أǽ޽ѩȥ
ѩ΢΢أֻսеɫһ̣͵һգ䡱һը죬ɫ˲ѩţѩҶǱ޽͵ؾһɲǼ䣬ͬһ㱩
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ĿɿڴĿǱ̨֮ϵһĻײĸǿ⽣Ҷǿѩ־˭˭


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Уһ쳹Ǳ̨һ͵ɢܿ죬ǻɢǱ̨ıԵݺײǹĻ֮ϣ䡱һ죬Ǳ̨ĹĻʱѷ죬ţ˾Ŀ֮УĻ顱һ˿
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˰ɣǧͻȻûŮ츳ߴ½֮УҲʵսҲˣôûкڣ
Ƥһ漴һôʵ츳ȷʵѩŮޣȴǲࡣܹսʤѩҵǿڸһλᣬԴڡ
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ʵǧôʱҲЩڵġΪҶһźӣȻڵʵѩ밲ϾǱȴǾ޴ģϾǳȽĵط
дָδɲ˵꽣ʦֳǿߣҲ϶һλܹߴ½ʷֵ֮Ľޣ
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Ǳ̨֮ϣһƬǽ壬Ǳ̨ϿգһϸСɫңңţ·ҶѩѾԭλã˴ʱѾǱ̨ıԵ
ڤϵĿֲΪǿʵҲֲҪȫӣǲܵġ
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ҪΪãǷǳѵģΪһŪãͻᱻɣɣɡ
ΪĿǰΪֹ½ϻûгֹʲôֵܹסģ
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һԣһ壬ҳ֣áҲãҲã綼ҪҲѣ
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Ǳ̨ϣѩһҶ漴һйٲϣڶҶڵڶҳһеǸλãǡҶ֡ûԥѩйٱʳҶȥ


392 ҽҩѣ
ʱͻҶ֮ɫ˫ͻȻһâ漴ҶȫȻָͬʱҶζȻʧԭأҪʵѩǰһֱָѩĺ
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ⲻʱģҪģǽǰɱϣˡȻ㲻Ϊϣ壬ҲҪɱ֮ĳ𣬿ǽˣ

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ѩδҶ׼һȻʱϵͻȻҶϵҶЦһһ˲ϵǰһץֱӽץУʱǿĵҶһͷͷֱ
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Ҫ֪ǰλϸնɱ߾ǿ߰
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ǧҡҡͷǰӦ֪ǱĹأƻǱĹأ
ϸ˵ͷǣҵӣҲ䣬ϸҶΣŹһΣֻҪ㲻ɱϸͲΥǱĹأһԴϲɺã
ϸĻһԵǧҲҶϸ˵ûҶӦɱѩǶԷѩͲΥأȻǶԷΥǰʲô취أ˭˼ʵҶȴûǿ߳ء
ҶʹɭɱⲻϷȻԷҶֺγԷ֮евԴϲǽԴϲˣأȥϣأǵϲأ
ǿѹסеıӿɱ⣬Ҷ̧ͷϸȻЦЦǰ˵ļǣֻս˾ã˿ڲϰٵǰܵøҽҩѰɣһҲĽԴϲǰ˵أ
˵ǷҶΣԵĻһǰһһٶնɱˡǿϧûǸʵ
䣬ҲҪʱ򰡣ʱ䣬ǾˡΪԷҪɱ׾١νǱ򡭡Ҷȫ֮Աǵģû˼ѾΥˣǧӲһ
ҶĻһǧһĨͣҶʶ壬ͬʱҲһҪ֪ҶЭĻɾͿˡ
ԣϸǳ֮еֻ˿Ȼҽҩ𣿺˵˵


393 ս
ϸָһһöɽҶǰʮʯţϸҲǼΪעһҲգ⺢Ӷµķϣϸһ֮Ѫ
䣬Ҷǰֶһƿ
ʱһԵǧͻȻЦҶиˡ֮Ѫ˶ļƷֻһΣһΡˣ㸣ԵĻпܴ֮ʱ۷޻Ҫǿ
ҶȻɽƿʮʯν֮Ѫѩ˵ףǶԷ׬ˣ
Ҷ¶ϸһĨĹâ漴΢΢ͷȻһһԵİϾֿ˿Ҷŵʶս֮սǺǣϸҲǺڴأףˡ˵䣬ϸѩͬʱʧǱ̨֮ϣ
ǧÿһ۵µİϾȻҶԥ£ѡ񵽴Ϊֹô㽫ǱڶѡսܻܿȻʹҪ䣬ҲõϾͬ⣡
Ҳͬ⣡ʱϾǱ̨֮ϣҶԭǲһսģϾ֮ǰѾսһΡǣڿڵ֮ʱʵܵŻ᲻һ˿һأ
Ҷǧʼ磬㿴ҲǲˣȻǾֻһսˣʵҲ밲Ͼһսġ֮ǰ밲ϾһսջĶࡣȻҪҲԼļģ
ĿǰΪֹƺҲûб˱Ƴް
츳Խǿߵܹսʤֻ֪֪ʹ졢û˿صһս
ǧ΢΢ͷȻʧǱ̨֮ϡ
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Ǳ̨֮ϣҶʼ£һɫ֣Уǽ֮˸۵Ѫɫâ
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죡
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졭
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Ͼȭͷǽ֮ϣ顱һǽʱһ״Ҷɫ΢䣬ȻʱϾҽų΢΢һһ̣ϥǶҶ͵һҶӦֻƣ͵һģ
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͸˰Ͼ壬ȻҶȴûаϲɫɫһ䣬Ȼٴʩչ˲Ϣʧԭأʧԭصһ̣Ͼȭͷǳԭվλá
̨һĻ̨£ɫѪڣ
ǽͨǱ̨ϣϾҶ΢΢˵ͷÿһξȻܹȥҵĹƣսһ˿ȤҪСˣҪʼˣ



394 ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵǶˣ
ŶϾһĨ˷֮ɫеƣܺãҺڴ
Ҷһ飬ŮˣǸսӰǰĽ֣ЩľģͨŲϢŮ˵ٶиֹսʽʵֲ̫
ⰲϾ֣
һҶָһڤǽ֮ϣӿǽŵɫӿ룬ǽ֮ϵĻ𽥱Ϻɫâвϳܽ䣡
ҶһĨȻأһ󣬾ĽֶɲǼ䣬Ǳ̨֮ϳһǵ磡
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һ䣬һŮӹسǷ޵ǰţһذ˲˷޵ĲӴٶȱ绹죬ȻҪذ̺֮Ŀֲذ֮һڵĿռѷ˲両֣ڵĿռ֮ɢĺɫ˲
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Ҷ밲ȥˣǱսȴǻδħڤ߿ʼ˼ҵսĿģȻΪʣµ߸

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Ҷ㶣Ŀһ˲˲ĿǰǰĻЩˡΪѣһʵɲŮ˾Ȼ˵ҪΪѣԷĲڶ棿Լ̫ˣ
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ƷȻ֣ǽֱַǵ޻ǹڵؽ׵ٶָ֣ĶУҶۻң
ҶڼǼģǵĲƸ֪ԭҲһʲôĸǣԷǳ۹̫ӡ
ȻЩȻ󣬵˻ӡ˻ʼȴֲࡣǸûпɱԣ
ɽҶһ˻ӡ˻ʼ׳˫֮СҶĿ˻ʼϣ˻ʼ׵ĿֲۼģǶ˽»ûޣ
ԥ£Ҷǽ˻ʼԼϴȥֱɲ˷ˣؼʱ̣Ǿܹģ
մ˻ʼף˻ʼ֮б͵ظһɫС漴ɫС͵һҶҶɫʱһ䣡


399 ϵ磡
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ǲϰĽɫСҶ𾪣ΪɫСʲôʵһһʵС
ʥʱһԹʽؼ֮ϲ׽ˣˡõ棬Ϊ˻ʣɻʥϢаףؼжޣ
ˣҶһ漴ЦҾνĶˡˣν˻𣿡
ǣҡҡͷֻǻ˻ӡ˻ʼףûлĳϣ˻ʣǰ׾ͱɱ
ҶЦЦЩˣңշɣսײƿԵֵס߾۷ǿߵȫһ
շˣԸ棬㽫ѹֻһ˻ʼ׵ˡҼпܻᱻɣ
ҶǽɫСĲӾٵԼǰС˫֮е֮ɫҶȻʧЦԭЩС
ԸңҶʵ
ɫСҡҡСԴ
Ҷ˫һУ΢΢ǽɫСʱٴΰһΣҶɫֵ㲻ԸңҲǲԣǣøʵһ㣬ȻҾͳƤѪ֪𣿡
ɫСҡͷȻҶɢɱ¾ʱæ˵ͷֱҡͷǰ⻵˿϶˵ģ
ɫСͷҶص˵ͷȻһɣǽɫСʱһû˻ʼ֮С
˻ʼףҶĿͶ˻ӡϣ˻ӡȳƴ࣬ϷһĽɫСϸ֮£ҶСǰɫСģ
˻ӡҶǺӵģΪ˻ӡڤ𶼵ֵס˵ġӿ˻ӡ֮Уӿ룬˻ӡͻȻһ貵Ľ⣬˻ӡϵɫСҲ·Ҫһ㣬ǣҶһϲʱǽȴʧȻҶι˻ӡû˿Ӧ
Ҷüͷһ壬ʽ顣
ʽ£Ȼ˻ӡ˻ʼף˻ʽΪһ壬鶼ʥҪ߶ֻʥϲſɡ㲻ܴ߶ʥڵ
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֪Ҷ뷨ʽ˻ʼΪһ壬ӵдݻٵȻ޷ԸȻԼܳǰһţڹҲܳˣ
ԣҶɿЦ˻ʼ׻ãȻûʥĳϣҲԵһƷá˻ӡûСĳϣȫȫһ˰뽫˻ӡˣվûá
ֻܵԺлŪ˻ӡˣ
ҡҡͷҶ˻ӡ
Ҷһڴϣһ
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Ҷ˫ۻϣڡҪģȻҪշϵ磡ϵ˿ڤȻշϵ磬ڤĺ磬ӵ϶Ϊһ
΢΢ҡҡͷҶʼշϵ硭
С֮Уϵһ䣬ڼɵʲôηʲôϲšһĻҶЩЦСĺأֲܿڤϵ磬Сжη岻ѣ
СеĸշϵӦûʲô⣡Ҷ
ȻʱС֮ͻȻһ˲ϵǰȻҶ㵵Ŀ֮УϵֱӱƳСУҶڡ
ҶסˣϵƺҲסˡ
ܿ죬ϵعˣȻһԾţҶɫ˲Ťˡ
ϵߣƺСʲôһ㣬ԭزεţȥСУƺڼɵʲôÿСſ˻ȥģǾᡣ
ʱҶǸްҴģСڹ֪ԴϴСкСоͿˬˡڣҵˡֻǣδҲ̫һ㰡
ϵﰡСԼ𣿡Ҷа
ʱշϵҲǲˣΪʲôΪϵûҪ뿪Ĵ㣬ڣҲСеλεšεҪżͷųһ˿ǾͻҶʹ
Ҷϵε£æʩչĻ̵ķʼշϵ磡ȻҶʩչǷϵ񱻴̼һ㣬һֱҶڿʼĴײ
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һѪֱҶ˳ҶŤǲϾҲʹ࣬ȵշڤֲˣ
ʽ΢΢üʱȴ޿κΣֻܿҶԼ컯ϾʱϵҶڡǼˣ
ʱҶľŬԼͷԱѣȻĻϵķȥԸϵ磬ĻϵķǷǳЧϵļɵ֮оͿԿĳֻ̣̫ʹˣеɫ޸壬ǿ־ǿѾΪһ߽ʬˣ
ģģҶϣɫֹһᣬ䶼ɫ֮УϷžžžžĿֲ졭


400 ںϣ
Ҳ֪˶ãҶͬһˣɫ磡
⣬㿴ҶЩɫŰţ֮УһĨء
շϵ磿ʵ
һŮӳ˰ԣŮ΢΢ͷӦǣ
³çüͷһ壬֮дһ˿ŭ⣬ϵ˵ϵ֮ŵô׾ܹշģ˾٣𣿹ùãа취һ֮
Ůҡҡͷʱǹؼʱ̣ȥܻ⣬Ͼ֮һȻҵ첻ʲôвǶȴģ
ֻܵȣ
ǣ

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ʱ֮ϣҶ˫ۣһɫâһǰʽ΢΢˵ͷȻϲɹˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ֮УһĨϲ쿪֣͡һһĴָСɫ֮С֮ϵ磬Ҷ΢ƣһĨЦݸ֮ϣģЦҶ̲סЦ
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뵽⣬Ҷ̯족һڤҲ֮С˿ڤϵ磬Ҷ֮һĨĹâһĺǰǰҶиһĨ֮ɫ
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ʵҲѣͻȻ
ҶȻתͷ򰲱㣬У˸˷ܵĹâа취
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˵ͷȷʵ̺֮ܲżΪֲһŪãܻܿ˵Լǰǿһʬˡԣպмɳ嶯֮ǰȿһºǣ𣿡
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ҶԼɫЩȻҶһۣȻһһƿҶǰһƿ˵ҩշϵ磬ղܵڲڻⶼˣҩӦкܴ˵꣬㲻ͣתȥ
վԭأŰȥıӰҶ˰Ρ
ãҶҡҡͷȥЩ߰飬Űƿǰ˵ҡڶ˵ŬʵҪģΪǱ֮͸û˰˲ҶŻȥء


401 ֮Ѫ
ڶ죬ڰŵһҶڵأǰһѪɫѪ顣ѪɫѪϸ͸ν֮ѪѪֻСĴָôС̺Ҷȴܹܵ
Ƿǳֲģ
ҶʱԥҪҪν֮Ѫ֮ԥΪϸѶԷӸɱˣԷôĶһ֮ѪȻɶԷǲϾܹǿһмôģ
Ҳ֮Ѫû𣿡ҶĽ顣
ʽ΢΢ҡͷҸо֮Ѫ⣬ȷʵ֮ѪһΪ֮Ѫڻƽ֮еĵλܸߡֻӦҲ֪Է϶ôĵģ
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ҶʱʶѵģΪѣʱЩ񱩵ϳȻҵʹʹݶҧ飬Ǳڤϵ绹ǲࡣ֮ΪʱȻҪйĳ嶯
֮ѪıĪһɣ
ҶŬѹеȻ󲻶֮ѪľЩ壬ҶоȫѪҺ뾭ʱ˻ֻĸоʵǺܲܡ
һʼãܹѹƣǺܿ죬ЩϽѪҺԽԽǿңǿҵҶ˫۶ʼֳ죬ǻͬһ㣬ˣ
ģҶʼɢ
ǹʽѾָ壬ɢ˳У

һ䷿֮У㾲Ŀǰһ澵ӣ֮УһաžհΣͻȻһĨЦݣЦǿɬġ
ֻԼգĿЩĿžеˣૡ污ֽػ۵˪䣬ִ˴Σͷеһᣬ֣Ҷ
ڰǿ£Ҷӳ飬ٷ֮ʮڰеľ֮С
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ԭأŮ΢΢һ̾Ȼһʧԭء
ƿҵʯʱɫһ䣬ΪһӰͻȻ˹һӣһ紵ǵӰʱɳɿ⣬Ȼڵء
ӰȻҶ
ǰ֮Ѫ֮еչеʱɢת޾𡣶ǡðָպ˽ڱܣҶֱȥֻǿϧʵ밲󡭡
Ҷеǳ죬ü΢΢һ壬ͻȻҶȫǰɫƤʱͫһƽѪҺôܣôӵȻƽѪҺѵ֪𣿡
ʱҶվȻֳŰ˹ȥ
Ҷرĳļͦɫ΢죬һ˲ҶǰȻһָҶǰʱҶȫԭأ类һ㡣
Ҷʹɫüͷһ壬Σ΢΢һ̾Ȼδ£Ҳ֪ʱҶʱҶ÷йȻпܻ˼תҶ
ȻʱһɫâͻȻҶһ漴һɫâͻȻûǰڣ嶸ȻһУ벻˼֮ɫ
ȻѾûʱȥΪʲôˣΪҶѾϡ
ҶһɢʱԼһĵЦ
Ȼввңвң㣬۹


402 СŮ
ֻһ˲䣬ϵǻΪҽţһߣüͷ
ǰͬҰ޵ҶԼݺᣬĿ֮Уɭɱ⡣Ȼ˳ΪˣǰҵŮˣǣɴδռˣ
ȻǰҶһ˿øУҲùԸ£ǿȣ
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ûз֣סҶһ˲һɫâҶӴһ
סҶ˫۳Ҷ˴֪Ҷ֮Իı⣬֮ѪӰ졣ҲΪڰжֵԵʡ
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ҶһҲˡ鶼ˣΣڰϣҶԴȻңҲ֪Ϊʲôֻ֪ЩǺҪˡҪڡ
ڣֱӽߵҶأ
ǸˣĻҲ˵Ϊûκ壡Ҷ֪˵㸺𣬶㼥ЦϾ㲻ʵǼԶҡֻǣһ˵ڣҵŮˣңһˣ
ΣЦű䣺ĪΪһŮǰ㣬ʧ֮󣬾ͻŮ֮һ
Ҫɱңˣ𣿡ҶͻȻʵ
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Ҷ˵ˣκԶģԷѾŮˣص㡣֮ûи⣬Ǿ仰ҶǺܶȻŮˣͻԶԷãԷ
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ھڶģǰŮӶûһ꣬ûСԶ
ΣûжᱡţҶжʱһȻʱһɿֲ԰͵رҶֱӵɳ˽ɵľ룬ҶǽɫƤ˲˿
һֱҶǰһץסҪصҶĲӣȻʱͻһɫâ͵Ҷڱ˳˲ǰϣʱ䵯˳ȥ
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СŮȻЩСǺܺÿǳÿô˵ҶѾСŮǺεȵ϶ҪÿȻСŮûйָ߰Ļ͸ˣ
СŮ俴һҶȻĿ⿴һԵİ㣬֪Ůˣõĳңң㲻֪жȻҪɱ޲ɼѵףܹң㼸ĸ𣿡
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СŮķе֮ϣʱһɫâɫâͫһΪõ궼ЩиӾˣѾ߾۷ǿߣֻ벽ͽ߾˰
ԼĹùҲָоǰСŮʲôˣ
ɫâԽԽе·Ҫһ㣬ð㾪׼ƴ಩ʱҶǰ
Ҷ԰΢΢һЦȻתСŮû뵽ھȻһˣû뵽˾Ȼ˵ǿҲ֪ʲôĿģҲ֪㵽˭ֻǣϣߵˣ
֪֪֪ҵĴڣ̼ͻɢСŮҶƺ뽫ȨϵɫâҶ
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㻹ɱͷ𣿡СŮŭˣСеȨȿʼҲȻ̲סԼŭˡ
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һҶת򰲱㣬ЦɱңˡѾǷܶˣҶ£Դֻģ


403 ǿСŮ
뿪ˣҶϧһд۵£СŮֻɰȥ
뿪ڿеСŮԿееıʯ֮ϵĹâҲһ˲䰵
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Ҷ׼˵ͻȻСŮӴǿž޴ʯͻȻһ⣬漴һɾ޴ȻСŮϱ˲佫˳ȥҶԴ˲ˣСŮôˣ
СŮٴλƮߣбʯɢŵĹââϸֲˣ
У֪ʲôԭСŮɫӲҰˡ
СŮһƮȻֱƮҶǰ΢΢һЩڵϵҶУźεŭ⣬̧ǱʯҶԴôôأǸһôѡôıأˣ˵ţǱʯҶԴ漴һɻɫǱʯ֮лҶ֮С
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СŮҶɫʱͺǼɵСŮǿֲʵʱ뽫ԷһٵģƢǷĽ࣡
ǿѹסеŭҶŬʹԼ侲һᣬҶ֯ԣŵ룬ӦǺϤˡҶȴϤҽ𣿱ϾҲһôˣ˵أ
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Ҷʼ磬ô˭ɱ㣿ߣûǿڣҪԸ⣬ʱȥСŮߣʵ̫ΣˣСŮƢ̫꣬ҲͰˣƫƫʵֲˣߣԺÿ춼ĵ
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ҶӼݺһ飬ڷ˱ȱҪˣ
ʼ磬Ҷðɣô
СŮĬˣСͷһγһ˿Ȼ˰ΣŵΪĳЩԭںҪ˵ǸСˡǸСѡ㣬ֻȫ⿪СУҲ˵ô˵𣿡
Ҷ
ϲ㣬Ϊٵٶȣδܳһʱ㽫Ҵߡţʱҵɣҵһճףʲô飬ѵоǳ𣿡СŮ˵һҶң𽵹飬Ȼûһ˿
һ̣ҶоСŮǺεȵǿ
ҡҡͷҶʵôֲҪǸʲô𣿸ߣֻ㣬𣿡
˵ˣˣСŮüͷһ壬Ҳ̫ãÿһγ֣Ҿͻ˯þúþáǰѵǸŮˣѾķ̫ҴҪ˯þúþáҪѣͱԴԴϵĺɣɫԣҪӿ𣿡
ʵжǿҶʵ
ֵģҿԴöööСŮ
Ҷߡ
ԭǲֵģû취ұóһ£þǿΪҸоѸٿݽߣڹãͻΪһǣ֮ǰСǵűš⣬ΪҲ֪ҪЩ顱СŮ
֪ҵĵ˺ܶ࣬ʵѵͲæҶлкܶʵģǺʣСŮʱȻ̵ֻôˡʣԺ϶׵ġ
СŮҡҡͷ޷ʲôΪʽһǷߣΪǿߣأҵó˯ˣϣٴʱǻŵģ˵꣬СŮһֱûҶڣ
Ҷԭش˰ΣʲôȻʣǺصС¶˱ɽһǣǰôˡ
ֻǣǺ»ǻأ
ΣҶҡҡͷСлСŮЩȻĪĹϵǴʱֻ֮ϦȻȥԼĸס
ģֻʱһߡ


404 
鷢֮ҶҲû㡣Ҷ֪Էڶ˵ԷκεĹϵԴˣҶȻЩζҲضԷѡ񡣲ȴǲڼסڰң뿪˰ң
뿪ҺҶ˹ϱһǧһƬյ֮ϣǰһ޴ڵӡ
Сɣȷ𣿡Ҷʵ
Ҷ䣬ҹɹسҶ󣬵ȷϹˮΪӾϵɵġϧˣţɢˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʵвѩҪӦûǿԵġҹƣ̫УŻᱻѩնɱȻҪѡߵĻѩҲֻһˣ
˵⣬ҶתҹɣСɣ֪㣬ֵǶĸмɣԵʱһҪԴҪ֪ܶԼĴϣ𣿡
Ҷ棬ҹɲƤЦص˵ͷģҺ͵ǲеģҪ֪뽣һǶѪأ
֪ͺãҶ˵ͷȻתһӣһɫ̳ʱǾ޴֮Уǰɫ̳棬װϣĹǻң
Ǿ޴ӣҶˣϣҪһˣ
վԭسĬΣҶתҹɣǱıˣ
ԣҹЦ˶ǰʮ֮УûǵĶ֡ȽϼֵĻħڤ壬Ըö
Ҷ˵ͷɻȥֵܻ𣿡
ԣҹɫǻȥޱȡǵ̽ӻرٻйڣԼԪڵ֪õǱϢ󣬾дǿ뿪ţȻȥЩǿߣ;綼߾Уп߾ǿߣ
߾ǿ𣿡Ҷ˫΢УΣǽأ
ʱû춯ҹɵȻû춯ǽĵСˡΪѾõϢɱ֯Ѿɳɱ·½ǣĹϵѾɱ֪֯ˣ
֪֪ɣҶҾû֯һжֵܣ
һ壡ҹɵа˳϶Ѿ߾ƷߣˣңаֵѾ߾ˡֻʵҪȻص򣬿»ЩѶȡҪǣصָúȥδӣ
ҶЩҶѾ赣ģҪģǲϴ̽ǱߵϢȻŬԼʵҪ֪ȥ֮·ɲ̫ƽʵˣǿܾͻزȥˣ
ģҹɿɻأҼǻһȥأҿɲعѣҹЦ
Ҷһ漴Цӣ
ǰɣҹ¶ЦûýȢøɵ¶˹ξ͵ȻȥȻȥ˵ʱܸܲһȥأǱһȥףҾͲүӸҾܾ
ܾҲû£ҶЦˣֵǰף
Ҳôģ
ҹȥҶѰһƫƧɽɽһˮ̶ǰˮ̶֮ϣƯһϸСĻ棡
֪ʲôԭ򣬵յǵ֮ѪȻдڣûбաҪľǽ֮ѪաΪ˱ٴα֮Ѫѡˮ̶Ϊĵط
ûԥһԾͨһҶ̶Сˮ̶֮ҶʼתȻд֮Ѫ
֮ѪϱգƤ𽥳ֳһɫƤڵľͷѾɫ
ǲд棬ܿ죬֮ѪͱҶյĲˡԼ˰ʱҶһѪҺʱͻȻͻ
𣡡
һȻҶ쳹ɲǼ䣬Ҷɫ˲ŤĤʹѪ
ϣɱѪ
һһõĽɫҶǰɣա
Ҷ˫ۣǰյĻƽʱͫʱһǺܿ죬бһĨ֮ɫΪǰƽǱ壬ֻһǾѪ֮еĲлˣһƲлѣҶξ֮
ϣǺõһƽһľѪ㲻Ϊ𣿡ƽʴҶһɹɿֲͬһҶ
һɽ
ҶһƲлѣ㻹ǹԹԱհɣ䣬Ҷҽ͵̤أ屩ƽĲлǰȻ֮򣡡
ʱһɿֲȻǻƽҶܡ
򣬾Ȼǽ㾿Ǻˡƽ¶֮ɫʧ
ҶȻϻǽϼӣ˲ǽǻƽûƽʱĽŻƽûãǴʱڽ֮ļӳ£ǽ֪ٱ
࣬˭һƽһؽóǻƽһУƽӰʱɢ˿ҶһϲûԥЩԼ֮С
ԼһʱҶ˫ֽۣճȭһȣ·̶ˮ͵ؾǸһ䣡
һȭϯ˲̶ˮǰɲǼ䣬䡱һ죬һ޴ˮʮ֮ߡ
һĻҶһϲһȭ֮֮Щ۷޶ûİ
Գħѩ
ӵһ˿֮Ȼ֮ѪҲܹӵǧ֮¾һЩ߾ǿߵҲûǿɣˮ̶֮гֵһУҶУһ˿εЦ⡣
ͻȻҶɫһ䣬ȻԼؿڣֻǣ֪ʱһѪɫӡǡӡǣҶüͷʱ²ã


405 Ǳ
ҶָһڤֶڤȼǿӡǣȻڤĺ濾£ǿӡǾȻû˿ʧļ෴ԽԽޣ
һĻ뵽ͷƽȥʱ˵ĻҶɫԽˡ֪ⶫǻƽ֮ǰŪģⶫǸʲôģ֪Բʲô¡һŪãǸνƽһ壡
ҡҡͷȥ¡ȥЩ£ǸԼҷգʱˮھˣ
̧ͷǱλãҶǱһˣҲ֪һˣ
䣬Ҷһӣһ⣬ʧʡ
Ǳ
ʱڹеһ޴Բ̨֮ϣһħһڼսţ̨£ħǷΪ˫˼ʹͬڹлصš
ڹеһ࣬ЩǿߡûнǱǰУǽĿʣµĳϡЩ֮ӱǱǰʮԱǲ츳ΪŴ˼ӳ֣һõĺ£ȻŹ
ҶǱ̨ʱҶʱһ㶣Ϊ̨ϵ߲Ǳˣ
ʱѾ߾ǿߣĶҲһ߾ǿߣʵӱϿǲಮ٣ϸ֮¾ͻ֣ᷢѾбѹƵļˡħ߻̫ƣǿԵһ
˽֣Կ̫ࡣΪɱ֣潻֣ͳԿڼħߵǿԣսһᣬ·硣
ݣûбħʲôʵԵ˺Ҳ˶ˣ
ͻȻǸоʲôҶȻתͷֻϾ֪ʱԱߡϾҶƤһΪ֣ԷȻѾ߾Ʒˣ죬ż죿ԷȻٴһƷ磬츳
ҶϾҲһĨ֮ɫܸоʵ˲١ǳ
ʵҲ𣿡Ҷ̶̼յʱ䣬ʹ߾һƷ߾Ʒ츳˺հ
ʲôʱܹһսϾֱҶ֮źε˷ܹâ
Ҷһ飬Ůս˰
лģҶ
ѾЩȲˣϾ
ҶʱЩͷʵ˵ǰŮһսҲģΪԷһսʤƽʱ¿ޡֻǵµõûԷսʹ졣
츳ңֻǣ̫࣬Щǣ֮·ϣ֮ĲֻԽԽ󡣶Ľ츳ҲᱻûϾͻȻ
ϲ𣿡ҶͻȻʵ
Ͼһ漴ϲˣұǿ𣿡
Ҷ
Ȼܣϲʲô壿ϾƳҶһۣνĸ飬ҰϾȻУֻҲᱻǣȴǱĸǣ飬ȱ㣬ǣ㽫Զ޷Ϊǿߣ
Ҷҡҡͷҳϣ˵ĺܶԡǣÿһ˶ÿһ˵׷׷Ĳ޵£ҲǳưԴ½Ȼ׷ģܿҪ޵²ܹǣ׷ȷʵν޵¡˵޵£˵ƽԼԼߣڲҪģ
㲻ϱǿĶԴ飿ϾͻȻʵ
ҶЦЦȷʵǣڣҷһǿΪ磬ΨʵлȨϡûʵ˵ˣܻܲȥһ⡣ԣŬǿĶ˵Ϊţ
ϾҶһۣƬ̣΢΢ҡҡͷȻĿ⿴Ǳ̨ҪӮˣ
Ŷô˵ҶʱȤ
Ȼ·磬ȴƽȣû˿ԷƵҵĸоע⿴۾۾ƽÿһγֶܹϣӦԵĺܼʱҲܳȣȻ濴ƱѹƣʵֻһʾսˣϾ
ԣҶһĨأⰲϾȻǽͨȴѾͨˣѹֶԷսʶôǿ
ʱ̨ϣħͻȻһȣ࣬ɣ䣬һѾ˵̨Եȥ˫ֻƣƷ͵س˹ȥ
һĨɫЦ⣬ҽ̤棬ȵӰ
䣬΢΢һ漴ĸ˳Сħ΢΢һ㶣㶵һ˲䣬һӴһħǷһĨмǰ߸Ͳƿķν
һĻ̨µҶ΢ƣӮˣֻ֪һ̻һذףǰذǰѡҲ˵֮ǰһֱʾһ̣ɱУ
ذĨħ߲ӴʱħǵĲмӲסˣţ˾㵵Ŀ֮Уһͷֱӷ˳ȥ
㶣漴͵رһսûʲôնɱħڤĸӴ̼˷ܵˣ
ʱǧó˱̨֮ϣһ۵ϵħߵʬ壬΢΢˵ͷȻǱǰʮѾǰʮ߶̨ɣ
Ҷ밲Ͼһʱ˱̨֮ϣǶһֵģħ
񣡡
ʣ
Ҷ밲ϾȺٴηڣϾҶߴ½һУϵĴڡΪֻɱħڤɱ
ҶӵЩȺĻʱǼģΪ˼ӳ֣ζϦҪþˣ


406 ޷㣬С檣
򳬼˵ʱˡЩžеӴǱ񣬲һúģŵĴЩȲˡٰǱĿģո⣬ҪĻˣ
һţҶ밲Ͼ־⣬ֻδһǿ߶ѡںܶʱ򣬳ܹﵽ߾ǿ⣬ŲûжáԣԶԶһҪҪĶ࣡
Ϊ˹ϵһδ˥
ЩŴǱ̨֮ϣ̨ˣЩŴзųԵĹâƽʱЩȻȴԶԶʧ̬ĵزǴʱһǰЩ̨ϵܹΪŴ˵İ
Ʒţڣ֮󣬼Ϊ洫ӣ¹ѡÿǧʯƷַʮš
ƷţԪʼڣ֮󣬼Ϊ״ӣ󣬹ѡÿǧʯÿһλǰʥ
ƷţڣżΪŵӣɻƷһÿǧʯڵʥأѿһ£֮⣬ǵļɳΪڸӹȻֻǱǰʮţ

ŵĴˣھЩѡʱˡ
ܿ죬½ѡǰʮļߣ⣬ȫѡ˼ǾƷšʣµЩҲѡǾƷţǿϧʸ񲻹ֻѡЩƷƷţ
ܿ죬ǰʮ߶Ѿѡϡ
ЩŴĿͶҶϣϾǲˣڣֻҶûţܽҶţõǽ޷ģ
ЩƷƷţƷź֪֮ƷƷţ
ǧ΢΢һ̾ȻҶҲĨǣܹţڱرʮ֮ɻʮ꣬ʲô¶ܷҲҲϣ
ǧÿŵĴʱ죬Ҫ˵Ļӳʮۣǿ
Ҷ붼ûȱǾܾлǰˣϰˣţʱκţԣǰ½⣡ǰ˵˼ô᲻֪Էǿ˰ˣԼ˸˶Էνӳĳŵû᲻֣
ǧҡҡͷ΢΢һ̾

ʱԶͻȻһ֮һĿȥֻʣȻٶϢǾȻϿա˿ǾȻʱʱ𺳲ѣΪȻﾹȻǾھһɵľ޴ǣ
ķ˾
һĻǧüͷ΢壬۹˵⣬뵽ʲôתͷһԵҶȻҡҡͷĵһǻǰûӦҵҪһΣҲס㣡
˾Ŀ֮Уһ׽ʯ̨ͻȻǿУǽصףţǵŻ˿һ۵ǽ֮л˳ӴԼʮ꣬üĿ㣬ʷǷһϮۣ˵ĸ߹ݡ
ֻǹŵаЦһ֪ʲô֮
ߣŮӣŮӽǼΪòĵ㱡
˭ųô󣿡ҶԵİϾ
ϾҶһۣ֪
Ҷ
ɨ·һۣҲ˼ˣֽԵŮ˻ȻŮʯ̨֮ߵĹУӵ˫ֱָŮӵ֮ϣȻ޼ɵ
ǱӱŵŮȻû˿ɬ벻ȻȻ£ѾϰΪ
ܿ죬ߵ˵棬ɨ˳һۣȻЦظλǸˣһһᣬ޷㣡
޷㣡˾塭
޷ЩģȻǽ壬ԭΪɫɫ˵ģΪ˵С檾֮ڡ
Ȼʵģʵս棬ǴĴǶ۹ʮʿĵһƶΪ֮мӣҲΪʲôôɫȴȻܹڶ۹Ȩ֮л
޷˵˵ͷλŮ˱̨˭ɱǿֶվɣģҲģǱĹҶ۹ȥƻֻ˻ʼ׻˻ӡԼȴҪҶ۹ĶˣҪٵģ
ͻȻ޷ȻֹĿ˰ϾϣϾʱŮ˫ֶʱͣУǷųԵĹâ
һĻҶԼϾΧһЩ߶ʱ˽ʮɵľ룬֪϶ǣǸ֪ⰲϾĿֲ鷳Ƕ۹Ļʵ۶һƤ
ԱЩŵĴһ̣ǷǳĬıֳĬڶ۹ȻȻûкøеġǰɫļһҪȻȫ붦۹Ǿ͸ˣ
޷ɿԵŮӣȻ󻺻˰ϾУ˷ܵĿ⣬ߵϾǰһɵľʱ޷ָŰϾҵһǧʮС檡Ծܾһӣ
޷ĻһԵҶǶʱֱ鴤հϾС檣ǵһǧʮšУԭ޷㾹Ȼ壿ǿ޷ͲడүүǷﰡУջ˻ӡ˻ʼ׻и
Ҷüͷһ壬˻ӡ˻ʼУ⸿ȴûѵûѲϸ
Σ̽ȥĶ³ģЦһҶ޷ʱĿ֮ӹһĨɭɱ⡣


407 İϾ
С檣
ϾŶԷǲȷԷ˵Ļһ顣ƽޱȣͷ·֮Ľ̸һ㡣
޷˵ͷеĳʵʣĵһۣעҵģĸŵģһҪõ㣡죬ᶨơ
ϾòֻϵòϴݡŵʣȴǶһ޶ģҲʣðϾױȵκΪ֮Ķ
һ뵽Ͼʵ츳˵ĶͻԱʵ츳۵Ļһ֮УҲҶ
ʱ޷ԵһòŮͻȻŰϾллҼү㣬ĸӴ֮󣬲ǹԴ㽫ȡ֮֮ߣǾƷŵŵҲûģ
һŮҲˣүĵĻԵõָ㣬үڿƷأնɱ߾۷ǿءţŸʲôү
Ǿ䡰նɱ߾۷塱ʱϾӶʱǿ
ԣ޷ʱЦĵԭô֣ԭѾ׼ǿ˵ġµ˵ͷǫֻһˣ߾֮ûжֶѣ߾ǿߣһǲģ
߾֮ûж֣Ͼüëһһȭһȭ㻹վ̨ϣҾΣ
޷һ漴һЦǰŮ̫˼ˣ߾ƷѣȻҸ˵˴󻰡ſ˫֣ȫҽһȭҲ
޷ĻԱҶ̲סֱ飬ǧõҲ΢΢鴤¡ӲӰϾһ£һԴżǰֻڣۼˡ
Ͼ΢΢ͷһֱ̣ʧԭأţȭͷ͵غ޷ĸʱ޷ϵЦ⽩Ӳסˡ׼ȷ˵ڰϾֵһ̣ϵЦͽӲˣмһ־֪ûУһ̣֪ˣ
ȻѾˡ
Ͼȭͷ޷ĸʱ޷˫۶ȻԲ漴ʹ״˳ȥУһڿѪ޷ڵɳɾʱڵ棬ҳһӣ޷˶˽ȥ
̫ˣϾҡҡͷȻ޷شȥ
޷ԵŮľϾ޷ȥʱŮʱһȻһס˰ϾǰŮ͵رһֲϢһŮȻ߾ǿߣ
һŮָŰϾŭ㾹ȻҴү˭㶼ˣҲ
Ůӻδ˵꣬ϾѾʧԭأٴγʱѾͬʱȭͷӡŮӵı󣬽ţһĹͷڳ쳹ȥŮӵͬ۶һ㣬һ״˳ȥڵ֮Ϣ
ҲϲвϾŮһۣȻת޷ȥ
һرʣµŮʱѾ𾪵Ըӡɱ߾ߡ죬ǰŮľʲôˣ
һԣҶаˬѣ޷鷳ģȴǵﰲϾսӣаϾʰԷٺòˡ
ϾȻҪɱ޷㣬ԱŮһǿɲ޷ҲǰȥϾһŮһǾǰȻ·İϾɭɱ
𣡡
ʱһŭ漴ֱ£ŰϾ˹ȥ
Ͼͣ˽Ų̧ͷǾ˫΢УһУӿѸٹ֮С
Ͼó죬һݣ֪ϾĶŭˡİϾʵжֲǰ֪ǾҪ֪ˣ
һϾгǹΪ׵Դ͵ؾһ㣬ӴǾԴʱǲһ죬ǹǹ⴦ľƬʱ˿ۿٶȳѸɢϢͷƬֱȫ䡭
Ͼٴһ˵ڶǰųǹٴ͵һ㡭һӣǾ֮׹
˿ǾʬʱʱһΪЩ壬Ȼȫ˿֩״
ҶʱҲأǹİϾĺֲܿ߾֮Умֵܹסһǹ
ûη壬еֻѪڣʱЩ̲סԷʹһսˣ
֮ӣ֮ӣһԣǧóʱɳǵڶʦⶦ۹ǵùǰǽʦǵýʦὣɱϻʹõö۹Ԫˣڲͳһڣǵ񣬺Ǻǣ첻ⶦ۹
УŮѾȫסˡЩȻǴѪͳҲһǶﵽ׵ľȻǰŮɱˣǰŮĲ߾ǿߣԷֻ߾Ļǡ
Ůȥˣ
ʱ޷ǿӶ֮Ǿʬʱ޷Ƕʱһ飬˼۲ŪİȻˣ˿̣ڵѪ
ûнסһȭԣϾֳ죬޷㡣
֪˭޷ûаƤЦеģֻء
˵˭һϾ޷ǰɾͣͻȻ̧ͷգڲɾˣ
һ޷㻹а֣һԵҶüͷһ壬ɫǰδе


408 
񣬺ǿʶʱһ߶Ȼ޷ǰغ߿޷ҡҡͷΪʲôͲܸĵɫϰأģһԼ
޷Ĭ֪ʲôˣ񣬻Էʵܹв۹δأΪԼ붦۹δһǿߣò˵һԼߵ壡
תϾҵΪУǰ֮£ҵдڸѾնɱһŮ¾ʹգΣ
ΣϾ㻤ȷʵɱģһգɱģ۹ҰϾһǰݷðݷã˵꣬Ͼת˱̨
ϾĻ޷߶ʱɫһ䣬Ͼ仰Ѿ˽˶ԹϵĶԹ˰ǰ۹ݷðݷãǳ˵仰˿϶֮ԱǣԷǻ߾Ҳӣ
仰˵ɾͲһ˰
һĨɱʱϾͻȻͣڲɱֻΪҼ룬ϾҼиҪҪûжǶ۹ûɱף
һݣϾǰҵˣ˿̣ɱȫޣֻʣɵ𾪡
Ͼû˵˱̨ȻһҶһۣҪ˵꣬ߵһԣ
ҶӣȻ֪ŲҪģֻǣԷɱ˶۹̫ӣҽԷƳ˿ܣԷпܷŹ
ʱǻĿҶϣҶʵССͣȻˣѹܹɱʵˣҶ۹Ϊֻ˻ʼ˻ӡԼҶ۹ýгУۼ㽫ʬҲҶ۹̫ӣʬ֣֮һɣ
ƽȴ͸һɲɡ
ҶתͷǧãǰǱս֮˵ĲһãⲢûв֮ɣߣʱǱδ׽ȴȻвǱĲߣѵⲻΥǱ𣿡
ҶĻǻЦһǷһĨ
ǧóƬ̣˵ûǱս֮˵ĲһãⲢûв֮ȡԷĲӦõġǣʱǱȴѾԷ£˽£ȨҲɲ֣ʵ벻ֻһ֮ѡıҶôʱǱδ֮
Ҷʲôɣûκɣ
ԣҶʱЦһȻǿʵǰκιǸư
ʱߵԭֻҪҶ۹ＴɣڣҸı⣬֮ȫȻԾܾǺ϶е𣡡
Ƕ۹Եأ
ʱһЦͻأڳ漴һһȣײ˫۵ӳ˳С

ˣǧǻԼЩŴʱɫһ䡣ߴ½˵ǼģԷ˶ԷĪʵ֮⣬ΪԷܹԤδ֪
֪Ŀֲ֮ˣԷǻ۸ǿֲˡȻ½Ϊ𣬵ǵǻ۴ﵽһ̶ʱȴܹɱΡΪǵĲ߻£ܿڲ֪֮о͵ˣĳҡ
ԣʹ˲ȴܹߴ½֮áֻΪûһȥǣ෴ģǽáΪʱǵһ仰ܹԼȥһѣ
ֻҵһײβô˹սأǧõɻš
ûǻߣǻҶǰ˳ԼҶüͷһ壬ԷȻ˫۱ײţҶһֱǾǶԷüԼָоǿң
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷâ¶ɢǸšŶˣҽܣϦĸףҲδô˵ûɣ
Ϧĸףδ
ҶʱסˣǰϦĸףֻǸδ뵽ԼϦѾ췹
ҶڨЦЦȻǰһ񣬵͸ҵȻѾϦˣ˼ҵԼŤ̬ôԵϦ
ҶĳƺǶʱһĨЦݣܺãϦûпˡ֪֮ǰκνӱܣĽжôǶ۹˳֣ҾͻԳֽеãûʧҲûϦʧ
ԣҶɿЦԭǰȻһʼͱҪɱ֮ġ
ʱһԵĻ߳Ҷ۹һˮˮĪҪҶ۹񲻳ɣ
תŻߣǶ۹԰ɣ
Σ
ҡҡͷвףȰһ䣬ھͻض۹ɣٶȣȻܾԶزȥˣŮ£ͱˣþٽþΪ⣡
ɫʱѿǱ˵в϶֮Աǣ⻰˵ǾͲһˣ
ԥΣһĨɫĪҪΪ˾ͿϵԹȥҸ㣬ˡҶǲҶ۹ǶȻ߲ս
ҡҡͷҲˡ
䣬ͻ𡭡


409 
һ˹سԵ󣬾Ϣسˣ漴һ˲ԵĲӴԻëʱΪ߾ǿߣӦȻ˲Ѿڰɿ⣬Ȼȴǽƹ֮
ԶʱΪ֣Էʵǻ߾ƷߣǸ̤߾öѣһ߾Ʒǿߣһһ߾Ʒɱ֣ǶԷĶ֣
뵽Ա⣬ȻֻǸͷһذױӴһĨţ彩Ӳԭأǲ˼飬㣬ɱ𡭡˵䣬
ǰĻУ⣬ɫǺʱĿǼɵ뾪壡
ɱڼǰߴ½ǿ̸֮ɫİ
һ棬Ĵ档
Ϊ½ϣЩϹ⣬ûɱ˵ˡ˵ǴţЩŵĴǷǳ֪ʲôţʵΪһﵽ߾ƷǿУ
߾Ʒǿ⣬ǿɱЩǿ޲ǻ߾ϡ
ɾɱ֮ΪɱɱһƷŵȻǵƷŵһ߾ƷϹɽ߾ƷϹ䡭Ժ󣬡ɱƺߴ½֮ϣ
ҲԺɱڴ½伣ֻû뵽˼꣬ɱȻֳˣһǳս
һԣҶüͷ壬֪νɱֻ֪ǰʶΪ˾һֱڰԵǺˡǰ֪Էʵǿû뵽Ȼǿ̶ֳȣֻǼһ߾ǿ߾Ȼôˡ
УԷɱԣǰ˼
ɱԺ󣬺ת˰ϾȻ˿ĿܹоڿϾܿ죬˻ϾһĻһݣɱѵҪɱϾɣ
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ߵϾǰɾʱͣ˰ϾΣͻȻܶʱ̲סҪɱ㣡ΪɳƬǿ£ûܹ赲㣬ʱҰ˵һ֪֮֡Ҳɱ㣬ܶʱ򣬻Ҫ㡣Ϊǰϣˡ
Ů˵ĻЩìܣһͷˮǰϾȴǲᡣΪԷ˵ĵһңָϰңڶңң
Ͼ֮£ҲܣҲûȤܣЩ£𣿡
ŮעӰϾΣȻŵǰ֣ұؽɱڣ˵֮ǵ£ȴûκ壡
˵꣬ŮĿҶϣҸι죬ʲôڻ㣬ұȡ䣬ŮӶʱʧԭء
ԣҶЦЦȻ֪Է˵Ǹ˭Ҳ֪Է⣬Ӧþǰ˼뵽⣬Ҷһů
뵽ʲôҶ̧ͷԶ޷㣬ûǣǰһ鷳ġһҲû˿ɽڿɱʱ
ҶҪʱȴǵһɣ
ΪΣҶ⡣
ɱʮɣ֮޹أԣڣǶ۹ûκν鷳ûСɱǶ۹гֵڶ㶯֡Ȼʵⶦ۹ǰ̫̫ˣ
ҶԥΣվûڶ֡δһʱڣ󣬱ضЩͻʱǶ۹ǲǵġҲܾװ׷ŹԷȻ̫˶Է
ɽ佻ȥҷϻ㲻ĻҶӿ޷ϢĽʵʣڳвŰţ޷ɫʱͱˡ
ЩҶˣ˵ģҶɽ͵òɵˣޣ˽Ľޣر֮ͬУûǲɵģ
޷ĬҶ˫һУһǽУԷܾԥνĶ۹Ųô࣬ǲŶԷŹϾɱⶦ۹ʵ۵Ķӣ
Ҷý޷ƤһȻû뵽ҶȻĴҪɱ֮ġһͲ¶۹ǽɽ䣬ȻύЦһ͵ڶ۹ӣɳе
ҶҪʱҡҡͷһУ޷ϴɽʱɵУɽһףҶȻ޷㣬ߣ
޷俴ҶһۣȻǴԱŮתȥ
ҶһȺ֮΢΢˵ͷ漴Ⱥ֮һӰ˶ʱʧԭء
ɱ޷㣬ǰܿ԰ɣлᣬȻöԷַŻɽ£ɲȥ
һԵǧãǧϣǱıѾˡʽ˼ӳЩɣ
ǧÿһۣкɻԷôܽԼŮҶأʵӦܹҶĲǡȻĳΪλҪˣҲϧΪҶﶦ۹Ȼ
벻ףǧҡҡͷȻ˫̧һس˳УţԶͻȻ˿ţһɫ͵ǵص֮г
ɫ̨߶ʱѣʱƴɱڣڵճɹʱ˰
ҶʱҲЩΪϦڿѹˡĸףãʫҲܹõ˵ļӳˡ
˼ӳ֣ǵӦܱĺЩɣرĸá


410 
УɫˣĿⲻ룬ѰʲôͻȻĿΪ׵ҶϣҶɫ֮ɻԥ
ſҶüͷ΢壬ΪܸоԷעԼָоǿҡѵԼСжžҲҶͻȻ뵽⣬Ҫ֪СвǶСһ޶Īģ
֮ڣûʲôֵܹСеģ
ˣҶԥ£ȻתڵСУɫתʱ֮ϵɫľ޴ӾһţһԻļϲ
һĻҶһϲȻСжž޴
ʱǰɫ·Ⱥ͵һ𣬶ʱһɫԿлƮ£̨ϵˡЩɫӴʱ˶ʱ¶顣
ЩɫԼڣҶһϲ֪νˡֻɻǣЩɫڽںʧˡһʼΪС֣ǵ鿴Се״󣬷СҲûЩɫ
ȴܹоЩɫȻڣ
ΣҡҡͷȥЩгϦģ뵽ϦҶǸоʲôʧˡҶһϲ֪˹ȻĻ˵ǰ㣬Ը˼ӳ֡˲תϦϣҶ֣СеϦһЩ仯Ǿǲ԰׵ͷڱɫˣںɫ
һԣɫȻƽޱȣǲ֪֮Ѿս֣ʾʱĲƽ
Լ˰ʱҶ밲Ͼħ⣬ԱߵЩѾû˼ӳ֣˵һԣĽؿҶˡǰ˼ӳ֣ҪʱҪһʱģرǵһģҪǶʱļӳ֣ʱ˽಻֪ٱ
ąֻ̃ʣҶһ˻ǰɫļӳ֡˲ϵؼӳֵϦϣϦͷİ׷Ѿоųɱںɫ
ֹ˴ԼһӣϦ˫ۣһᣬƫͷϹ֮еСһȻֳܿ˿УãȻ֮ɫ
ϦʱҶ֮УʱҲҶ֮СԣϦ֪СеĴڡˣԼһİĻ֮УûҶЩãȻ
ãֻСһҲ֪طȻٹ죬϶ǰȫģΪҶ϶ǲֻܽСһһȫĵطġֻҶںδأ
ͻȻǸоʲôϦץԼһͷǰͷǺɫʱϦʱסˡ
Ϧ˺ҶʱһϲϦϵӦѾ˵ֻҪϦܹܹ»
С֮ЩϦҶЦЦȻгĸ׻ǱӣȻʫϦ£Լǰ㡣Щ˵ˣȻϣЩδܹŴˣؾˣ
ͻȻҶüͷһ壬Ϊĸ׵ӰͻȻʧ˼ӳʱԼҪӳֵ˵ӰʱܸоԼԷһֺϵ·һϸСߣԷһ㣬ǰϦʱָо
ڣĸ֮߶ˣӦ˵ûϣʲôԭ
ҶɻʱгͻȻãһƬɵ磬Ҷɫһ䣬ʱһɫСǰɫСҶһ㶣ΪԷȻ֮ǰһģһֻ֮ǰСˣ
࣬ţҶûж⣡ɫСԣõҶٴһ
һᣬҶѹеɻ𾪣
ɫС˵ͷ
ʲôطҶʵ
ɫСҿٳľռ䣬⣬Ծֱӽ粻֪һС
ŪлҪ˵ʵҶѾЩСΪʲôҪŪˡ
ɫСãȻ࣬ᵽĶϢҲ֪ϢʲôɣϢܹҵʵ˵ܹҡ
ܰﵽ㣿ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ɫСĬ˰ΣȻѾⱻ˲֪꣬طūۣΪӳˣǣ̰࣬һջ⵽Ӧģ
˵ǱҶ𾪣ǰȻǱġҲǣȻԼӳˣԲŨЩôܷŹأ
ûвǣһΣǻãǿϧԷǣܹΣҲ˵ˡ˭꣬ãǱģ
ʵѾ൱ߵĻһƷֻҪҴﵽ߶ƷҾܹķӡɫС
ʹķӡܵȥҶӦף㲻࣬壬Ҳκһ壬ܵȥȥԵģҲ޾׷ɱ𣿡
ɫСĬˡ
ʱҶֵߣȲ˵ܾܲ㣬ʹܾ㣬ȥܵõʲôôأòκκôһΪЩŵĵˡ˵أ
ܹңһôʱɫСͻȻ
ҶҡҡͷЦ㻹ҵ˼ⲻûкô⣬ǰǸ⣬ʹӳȥˣȥأҶǷˣɫСȻ˲֪꣬ԹƸһСһϾûнӴ˻
˵ô죡ɫСãҲû뵽һ취ֻǰҶ
ɫСĻҶʱ΢ƣһĨЦݡ


411 Ϧ
а취ߣôӦңȥҵģûҵ㲻ȻһֱģƽϢˣҾͻȥôҶƽ˵ȴǼĲУ߾ǿ߰һԼԼ൱ڶһְ
߾Ĵ֣ܲ
ҶĻǰɫСϲܴߣĪҪƭңȻȻҾɱ㣡
ҶȻƭ㣬Ҫ֪ƭʲôô𣿲ܴߣʲôôأ
ɫСĬһᣬȻһʱصһЩģᷢ⣬Ҳ֪ʲô룬ӦûϲġЩкܶ࣬ȫ͸㣡˰ɣ
ģᷢ⣿ʲôӦòʲôۣɲңҶЩԼϣȴң˼Ҫ֪Ҿ㣬ǿǻΣյģ
ҪҴȥҵĶ㿴ʲô;ãΣ
ԣҶʱһռȻֻռп϶౦ġȻɲɵ¶ȻСͣɲɵ
ԥãҶŵҲգԼһ°ɡ
ԣʱһϲܾҳȥұػᱨģ
˵Ҷ˵ͷһ⣬ǰ˼ӳʱΪ޷תһϣǺԵʣ
Էˣߴ޽Ϊֻ޷תӣ
ԣҶ˫Ȼս˫˲졣ãƽϢеıֻţҶŬʹԼƽĸӦûǻŵģϾĻ˵ĸʱûµġ޽Ҳ˵ĸ״ʱǳǳ
˵ˣһҪ˴˵һ䣬漴Ҷֻо龰ã˫ʱվڱ̨֮ϡ
У޴ĿҶһۣȻһ׹û˵صס
ļŴԼѡеĵ뿪ˣʣµЩҲ뿪
ħһ۰ϾҶȻǴħתȥ
ϾһҶס֮Լ˵꣬Ҳתȥ
ܿ죬̨ϣֻʣҶ֣
һӣ˶ʱʧԭأ֪ȥ˺δҶһ΢΢һЦģֻ뿪һѡ
Ҷ˵ͷǰʲô¾˵ɣ
ȣҵлл㣬ллıϦѾͷˣҲллΪôࡣڣҪ㡣ѾͷСԿ̫࣬ĸţĴʹŮǰֳɳϣܹúôĪҪ
ȻҶ
˵ͷҪˣ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
ȥ𣿡ΪϦ
ҶҡҡͷǻȥɣǰģҲϦһȥġ֪ڵʲôλ֣ԷϦȻҲûϦȥΪλȥ׶༪ٰ
ΣȻҲǴ⣬ȥΪʱǸӣ֮ĶԹѾ˱ʱʱȥҪ֮еģ˵ǲߣҲ֮ˣϦϦѾǷޣϦԸӦúǣһ˶ǰȥ
뵽ϦЩһԸҶΨпЦֻΣĲܴȥ
ϦǶжʱͻȻȻԲ˵ȴˣԣһһ֮ܲܳɹȳĸףεΣǾֻܿˣ
ԣҶһϲлһξȳĸ׵ļֶ˼֡
ƾԵжԵԵӱ㿴УԵУʵȻԣˣֻǲûͬĵǰ㣬档ҲҲϦԭ򣡡
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ЦЦ˵ȥȻû飡䣬һֱʧԭأͬʱԶԶúôϦ
ΣҶҡҡͷȻһӣϦ˳СϦЩãȻҶʱһ˿ϲɫȴһ
ҶߵϦǰϦķ˿ϣǷ˿ĻۣӽԺҲñˡҲԹ˵ˡ䣬ҶֽǰŮӵ˻УȻߵܹѵ㣬á
һʼϦЩӲǺܿ죬ǽӲĽȻЩӦӵ˫ֽգ֪÷
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Ҷһ⣬ΪΣҾϲ㣡
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ͻȻҶֱӵ˳ȥ˵ϡҶЩ£úõģôˣʱҶԴЩ·ˡ
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ϦҶȥУ䵶ϵĵâԽԽǿңԽԽۡܿ죬ϦߵҶԣȻ䵶ҶĲϡ


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ϦǺģòҶκһŮӣµ٣ӨգˮӣȻϾű飬ȴɷϣȻǷǳģһǷǳ˵ġ
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ҶôϦɫٴκˣҶеЦʱȴǿ򶨣ûѡ˱ܣǳǰֽ˽ʱѾܹܵҶʱɢϢˡ
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䵶Ҷ˼֣ϦĿⲻȥҶ㣬㲻۸ңȻҾɱ㣡Ϊ˱ʾڿЦе䵶ֳҶӴ˼ֻ֣Ҷʱȴ紥֣
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ҡҡͷҶָһɽû˵صסǱ̬ȻЩŮ˵Ȥ
ʱ̨µĵͻȻ΢΢һ״ҶһϲҲľϦһԾȥ
ռıѾˣ


413 
Ķܴ󣬿ݵ˾סкܿƯɫİɫҶЩɫʱҶʱУɢȵĹâΪЩɫΪ̫ŨԱʵ
ʱҶ˳סĳ嶯Ǳ㻹ҪŨ֪ٱһ꣬߾۷壡ֻǿϧڲܴ⣬Ǹƾᰡ
ҶԵϦҲǰһĻ𾪵ˣЩĺŨԲκһŻҵЩĵطܹȵġߵã
ҶϦ𾪣ǰİȴϰΪ·Щɫǿһ㡣
߰ɣռĶǰˡ
Ҷһѹסе𾪣ȻϦָ˰
ҶϦ˶һȻָǰЩռĶЩĶԼɵģóԣҾȫ
ͻȻû˵ˡΪ֣ʱҶϦȫͬһ㣡
ʱҶԴһƬհף۾ֻа˵ЩĶԵϦʱҲ˫ۣ֮ɫ
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ǰһͬСɽļƷʯöô࣡öƷʯʲô¾ǾƷҲûô༫Ʒʯɣ
ҶҲƲסԼһ˹ȥסǶѼƷʯЩƷʯ߾ˡ֮ӽԺҲҪΪԴ뷳ˡˣЩƷʯһֵܵʵһԾ
֮ЩƷʯ̫̫ˡ
ⲻǼƷʯʱϦҶ
ǼƷʯҶһʯ˿ȻʯȼƷʯҪһЩҲӳԣ
ǳƷʯϦɫصȼƷʯϡУһ鳬Ʒʯ൱һٿ鼫ƷʯƷʯǾƷſҲûж١Щǧ֪ȻΪȫ½ĹУ
ңҶеĳƷʯϦЦǣЩǵģ
ԣϦ΢ƣһĨ˵ЦݣҶĿ֮з˿˿飬ţǼҵģ
ϦԴߵģҶһǹ˼Ա߻ǰڣ罫Ϧӵڻúᱡһˣ
ѹסе컣ҶһӣЩƷʯȫսе֮Сֱɲյɽ֮УҪ֪Щǿ߿ܿɽġ˷ӵгƷʯĻԵУ
ҪЩʱ㵵ЩѳԵģ
ԣҶһ飬ԣǰһﾹȻԣһѳԣʱˣһ뵽ʵֻѹסǿµͷЩûʲôãҶȴŲСôЩҲûô͸ңɣ
Ҫȫȥˡܴ󷽣ǰ滹һЩЩóԶˡҶˡһЩЩʯͷһȻܺÿǶǺѳԵģҪϲҲȥˣ
ҶһϲȻ˵Ǹ䣬ǸĶʱҶ˫۶ʱԲǰǸָĿʯЩʯܴ͹죬еİ޹⣬ƽƽ룬еȴ˸Ŵ۵Ĺâ
ָɫʯͷ֮࣡
ЩȻʯͷǼĿʯǳ֡
Щʯ⣬ǰ˵ֺóԵĶ˵ĺóԵĶʱҶӿˡ
˵ĺóԵĶȻݣһȫƷϵݣ˼ֻ鼮ϲżݣѾԽףܹ׹ġݡܹµмֱӽ׵ġ޼ݡС
֮ҶһɨȥѾ˲ʮ곬ԽףҲǵ׵ݣһЩʶȴǲʶġ׵ģʤ꣡
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ǰһУҶֶʼˡҶҷģЩ֪϶ߴ½һѪȷ磬õߴ½ţǿΪ֮ģҲ϶ֵģ
ûĸǿܹЩЩٸǿߣ
رЩʯЩʯܹףԴˣҲˣҲ˵ĸŵõЩܹڶʱʹȫһԾ
˷ܼҶʼ侲ˡЩȻãȴܼ⣬ٲһα¶̫࣬ȻԼʮġ
һӣҶǰжյС֮С
ʱͻȻ࣬Щðɣ
Ҷ˵ûƤĻû̶ֳȡµ˵ͷãЩԹҵ߾ˡ
ڿ˵Ҫô߳ɽˣƬɽܣǿĽƣɽڣҿɻҪ뿪ɽȣͻᴥĽƣĽƾͻҹˣǹ֮صĸŵǿҲѸٸԣķУǾͱǸˣˡΪЩ̰෢ǾԻ᲻ϧһдЩģȻҲôϲЩҲЩɶ࣡
Ҷ֪Է֮һֱô󷽣ȴȸЩʵҪԭǶԷǶԷԼʵ
ȷʵڶԷʵһֻϲࡣȻЩˣʵˣ
ҶĬĿɲϲˣرһ࣡
ʱϦĿҲҶܺҶҪô뿪֪Ҷа취ȻҶðʧġֻܺ棬Ҷİ취ʲô


414 ۱ի
ǵǵԼ𣿡ҶŰ
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СŮĿֲۼģڼСеֲСԸ뿪ҪǿرСǿǻʽǿߣ
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һԣϦ㵵ĿһУǵģʱǷǳ𾪵ģΪҶȻܹЩߣǳĲܺ棬Ҳɻ󣬲վûпʡǸ֮ǰصطǲȥʵġΪһ֪ǶҶͶһΣգ
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⣬ҶϦϦȥǿռɣոҪǣ
ϦҶһۣʱҳΣʱҶȥԣ
Ҷ˵ͷģʲôһԣ
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ȻʶǱϾϵҪûһ㣬ŮȥЩġԣγŪװҲԷһ档
ܿ죬Ҷ˾۱ի


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һӣŮӽװͻ˷֮УȻתȥãڴ̲סɱˡǰһģҵģ
ΪһǧټļǮʹһƷţҲ𣡶ҶֻһˣҾʾһǳˡʲô
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Ů΢΢һ٣תҶϵĶʱһ̣ŮֱʧԭأҶǰ


416 
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Ů֮мŨŨ֮ɫǲȷһӣҶеöƷʯСöƷʯ̺ĴΣȷˡǳƷʯ
ΪⳬƷʯ㻹ж٣ŮӳʵⳬƷʯȻ󣬵ǰҲûУ֮𾪣ΪⳬƷʯ̺κγƷʯҪŨ봿
ȻҪɻҶΪλӵֳƷʯҪ֪Ʒʯ뼫Ʒϵģһ㶼ֻЩŵġƷʯһЩɢ޻ӵУǳƷģܣ
Ҷǻ߾ǿߣӵⳬƷʯ𾪣Ҷֻһ߾ߡ
޿ɷ棡ֻ˵ⳬƷʯɲԻװɣҶȻ߶ԷⳬƷʯǴģⶫóζԷʵΣΪʱҪЩЩڣһλֵܵͶ༸ֱϣ
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ԣҶһݣԷһ䣬õܵһĪΣոСⳬƷʯǻ߾ǿ߶ᶯĵİ¶̫࣬ǰŮɱ˶ᱦԼʲôֵ뵽⣬ҶѾ˾ϣ
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ҶЩ⣬Է⻰Źĵζ΢ůҵȻһȥҪԵʲôҲòȥ׵ˣһΣܾȳǣǾɱ췭ظɣ
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ٴҡҡͷȥЩҶ뿪ҡȥЩûʲô塣

һյأҶǰһ۵ĺˡ
Щûʩչȴ˸о˿Ϣ·ΧĿΪһһ㣡
ǰЩˣҶĵ˵ͷװȻװЩɱֽĸӿֲΪÿһ˵جΣ
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˲ǱˣϾֻϾǹ
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417 ھ
ҶȵģȻǰϾλһ·֡аϾļ룬˼ְġ
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Ǳһص򣡡ҶϾʵӹɵģҶþһЩ߾۷ǿҲһܹеùϾİϾĺֲܿѾԽħѩӵн򣬵ûʮܹսʤϾ
ϾؿҶһۣţ֮Լ
ȻҶ˵ͷΪ£ʱҲ밲ϾʹһսǿϧʱиҪҪ
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ʱԶͻȻһӰӰҶ߷ӶٶȺܿ죬ɾ룬Ϣǵ
˲Ǳˣȥ̽
ٶһɽ֮Уǿߣ߾ʮҴ඼߾ƷƷ߾Ƕºۣǹڵˣ
ʮ߾ǿߣҶЦһǿҰֻҺܺ棬֮ƺûʲôްɣȷʵǰΪǽڵˣѾǽڵˣ˵Ӧòôǣ
ȾԵʣʱһҹͻȻ֪Ⱦ˹һʵȨϵӡɱ֯ؽҪɱģǹڣʵȨϡԣҾˣܲǹڵ˼Լţ
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ҶĻЩɱ΢΢һ㶣ȻһԵҹȴѾʧԭأԶӶȥ˵ĶŻعȻȫһԶӶȥ
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⽱ưǰĽҪ񰡣ܲĶ
˶ȥ󣬳ֻʣҶаϾ
ʵϾͻȻ˵ǣҲܹһšλûбĵƣȻҲģֻϣ֮ǰܹһս
ҶûлشϾĿͶԶҲǰٻڵķ򡭡

򣬵۶һ֮С
Ѿʼߣһصɱ֣Щɱʵǿ죬ǵ˲ҿ޷֪ɱݡЩɱֶӺ𾴣ԣɱӦԼԽģһŮӶϦ»
ĬΣϦµļɳǿȥɱ
֪ԪţڣٻŮӳ
ɳʲôǿߣϦʵ
ٻɳֻ߾ǿߣԪſɳ߾ǿߣŮӴ
ϦüһΣɳɱ֣ǰսӦˣ֮ȫ㣬Ҳһף
Ůһ㶣ʶΪʲô
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ڣ̫
ʱи߲㶼ۼЩչ޵ĳ϶⡣
λԱߣĻڡʱһƬ£鶼ǼΪء
ǰλĴشҶǳǧڹԪŵﰵĴѹ£Ѿɽˮĵز֮񻹴ڣԷֻǼɵĻڵ˶ѡԪһ䣬Ԫţٻڱضҽڳ֣ѩڶû٣
ԣԽˡʵҲ֪ڵµĴֻԭ˴ڣǸȥġΪǰ涥šڣҪûˡԣѹֱǵͷϡ
·ʱͻȻΨһһ·ˣңнһȻ֮գǽ֮ʱ
ʦ·мɵİգʱһڳʵ
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ǵΨһĻˣĻڳԣʦһ䣬ԪŹڻаٻضҽڳ֣ʱҽʲôֿǣ
ԣٴγĬˡû˴ڣԪŻаٻضκι˼ɣʱֻף
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ڿʼһϵе׼

һɽ֮УɽĸطɽǹսΨһؾ֮·ҶҪ򣬾ͱôɽԣ׼ݴͣҶ
⼸ǹڵǿߣûԼݣǹڵķװ
ɱһս߾ǿߣȻҪôҲ̫ǽҶļһ˰ɣһյϣһǴĹͷЩˬʵﵽ߾ƷȴǱɱһս߾ߣһôһоǹ
СҶǴԱߵһ˳ȻֻǸս߾ʹңҲһܹսʤҪ֪ưһұ˽⣬ֳΪʰĴڣʵض磡
⣿Цһؽѣкοɾ壿ߣǽޣҳΪ˽ʡҲûҪ˶ɱɣʮ߾ǿߣ֪һʼһΪȥɱ߾ǿߣ֪ɱȴһ߾ߣ
üͷһ壬ȴû˵ʲôˡʵ˵ʱҲЩˬġôɱһ߾ߣʵЩСˡϣʵеȨı˽Ȼﲻˬɲ˵ڹڵǿǽģ
չأϿ˵һ죡

ʱͻȻһҽţڶһᣬбҽ


418 ɱǣ
ǰʮ߹ڵӵʬ壬Եɫͳˮ
ЩڵӷҽҵЩڵӣֻ˲Ϣʱ䣬ȻôٶȣȻûзɱЩڵӵʲôˣԷӰӶû
ʮڵӣȫ߾۷ǿߣȻЩ߾۷ǿ֮ûɱˣ
ǲһˣƣʶ㣬ĳʲô𣿡
ΪƵҡҡͷ˵Ķԣǲһˣж޷֪ΪҲ鿴ΧΧûκ㼣ϢûСǿȷһ£ǾɱǵЩɱ֣רҵɱ֣
ȷʵרҵɱַ֣ܸɴϬһ֮ǵ˷ҽǹΪΪľţٴδɱ
ƳĬãȻ֪ͨйڵӣһ飬ʱ̱־裬ȥ飬ҵҪķڶҹڳ֣

ʱұʮɿһڵͻȻһҽһȻתͷȥһڵӵԴѾʧӴѪȪӿɱڵӵˣȴѲڡ
һĻйڵĪһ
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һ̣Ϊ˿⣬Щܶύ
ʮһ飬ÿһҪ߾ǿߣƳÿһ֮ľ벻Ҫʮɣұȫ䱸Ȼˣľ˳Ƭ֣ʱкܺڣڵΪʲôҪѡפƬƬï֣ܵɱôɱĵطΪʵ̫ˣ
ƽأԷԲô޼ɵ
ЩڵƺҲٵĳȥ
һïܵϣҹɿЩߵĹڵӣǶʱһĨЦ٣ֵʱˡ˵ֿ꣬˿ԼϵװǺöװڣ߾۷壬Ҳɱɣ䣬ҹһһ㣬ʧԭء
ûװҲɱЩڵӡǣôϢöԷǵӰ
װǣ绢
ҹɸ뿪Ҷ밲ϾҪ߾ɱֳ˳СŹ糱ˮȥҶͷĲûӵˣϧʱ뵽ˣѾˣ
֪ƺܹٻޣȻˣΪβٻֱӻ򣿡ϾҪ鷳һ·ɱȥ
ҶЦЦ㲻οԵһߣЩɱҵ˲֪ʵҲǺɱǵءȻǸᣬЩΪβɱأΣսɱҵˣҪһزȥ˵ҶѻΪ䡣
ϾҡҡͷʣƺֻߵģĴУҪ֪ÿһλʿɶĶ󣬶㣬ȴ׷ɱĶĪɷǣ
Ҷһ飬ⰲϾʲôʱῪЦˣҪ֪һ·ϣ⣬ȻԷȴǲԲǿġ
ӰϾĴҶתһλŮˣһĨΡһʼ˸Ƿǳ˵ģΪڣһ·ɱףʵΪֻİȫģһŲܡ
򵥵˵ǣŮ˸ģ
ҡҡͷҶѹеƣ˼ǰߡ
ʱɫѿΪڶ̶̲һӵʱڵ˽ʮˣ
Щɱ֣ĺֲܹܿ죡ΪûϢ͸ûһֻһ̣Ż֣ᷢԭǰվһˣɱ֮ûͬһ㣬ѸʧõǶ޵ط
һʼڵӻűŵȳ֣Ȼ󾾳Щɱ֣ЩɱŰڣѾȫû뷨ڣֻӳƬ֣ԶЩֲɱ֡
潻֣ǾηЩɱֵģǿϧⲻ潻֡ʱǣǱ׷һ㣬Ҫֻܼӿٶܣ
ܶʱǲµģµ̡ߵһһȥҶǹȥЩڵĿ־ˡΪĿǰΪֵֹӰӶû
Լ˰ʱֻʣ˲ʮˣʮ˶ιսʮˣУ඼߾ǿߣҲ˵ЩʵĹڵӣѾ⣬ʣµģǾ
ҹɵûڳˣΪڵȴõʱϾڹʮ֮д඼߾ǿߡǻܹɱԷȴ޷Ϣˡ
ԣڵһᡣЩôҲܲããɽģ
Ƶ˴ʱǸ߶Ƚ䱸ÿһ񾭣һ춯ʹǹϳ֡
ʱѾλȫҶʺһ飬˽ôսأǲսôܻôأ˰ɣЦǵڣɱǵʲôˣʲô
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ͻȻͫһһǿҵΣͻȻĵӿ𣬳ڱܷӦһԱɣƿһ˱ǹسǰվλú棬һֵģһѷɭ亮ذף
ף
ƾȻ뿪Щȣ漴΢΢һʱʧԭأӶȥ
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ԭȣΪ˷Щɱ֣Щڵ֮붼ɡڣ׷¶ɱʱһЩڵʵһЩٶȽߣЩʵǿ֮ľʱ˿
ͻȻһڵ嶸Ȼԭأڵ˫ԲУǲ֮ɫĲӴһĨɺ켫ۡ
ţһڵ彩ԭء
˹һĻһ˲ڳ֣Щ˵֣һڵǵȥʮϢʱ䣬ʮڵӾֻʣ²
Ƶͣû׷ˡʱĻ֪мˣԷ֮Ա¶ϢʵĿľţȻֶɱ֮
ֻǿϧ֪̫ˣ
ʱΧˣЩŽ˰ΧСţһһŮӳ֮С
Ҷƿӣ
Ҷشһ⣬ҲɱǣΣ
һҹһ飬Ϊǲ仰ġ


419 ¶ˣ
ʲô⣡
ҹɵ˲ţǹ֮ȴţһ߾ǿʵʱѾûκ·ȥҶʻʣҶĻΪϣ
ٻԪŵ֮У߾ǿߣҶʵ⣬ŪˡҪ֪߾߾Ķ֣ЩֵԽĥԽǿ߾Ķ֣߾ĶֻЩֵȡ
ԣŪ⡣
ش⣬ĻŹǣʱͻȻ
˵ֻ꣬ҶȻʧԭأͫһ붯֣ȻѾˣһǰһڣǷڵ
Ƶɫһ䣬ѾصԭλҶ־塣ÿٶȣǿĽ⣡
սҶ˼һۣڣûѡأףĻ֣ܶԱģҾаԱ֮ǰͽǵ
ԣڿʼʱƽϢû֮ǰǲҶ仰ġǴʱҶܹ˵ΪҶٶʵֲ̫ˣ
ٻ˼һ棬ûм߾ǿߣƳ
ûҶüͷһ壬ٻĸ߲ӦòɵǣӦ֪Ҫɱ߾ǿǰ׵ġ˵ٻĸ߲ɵˣΪҶ뵱һôɼ˾ܽ
Ȼٻû߾ǿǰԪſУƳд·ŶѾٻԼŵĵӡٻȻ֮һ߾ǿ߻Щٵģʱǲܳһ߾ǿ߳ԸġҪ֪߾ǿ߿˵һŵм
Ҷ룬еƲٻ϶Ҫŵǿ߶Ӧͻ֮¡Ҷϼһ߾ѣԸһ߾ߣٻҪ߾ǿǿɻҪ棡
ΪԪžͿ߾ǿߣҶʵ
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Ԫ𣿡ͻȻʵ
ԣҶһ漴ˡǿ϶ԪŵģԪҲ֪
Ԫ˵ǲϣδһ֮ҶŵĴڣΪҶĴڣпδԪɾ޴вرǴʱҶص۹ߵôԣȻϣҶܹŻȥ
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˵⣬һĨ䣬ôЧһ߾ߣ֮˵Ȩ֮ưˡʱǺ޲ɱҶģΪҶɱǹõܣֻǿϧʱûǸʵԣֻʱίȫ
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䣬Ƶһ㶣鲻İӦҶӦȻЧңȻ󡭡ϧûȻˣΪҹɵѾˡʮɱ붯֣ƵֵĻᶼûͱնɱˣ
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ܹϣϾ֮ǰӦǣһתߡΪһҾҵĳ˷ҵʱ䡣ãûС
Ҷҡҡͷ밲Ͼ⣬Щûġתҹɣûǰȥ̽ٻԪŵϢ˵˵ʵʱӦû˲ǡ
ҹüûле㲻Ƕ˵ʵ߾ǿ֣߳ȻҪӵĻ߾۷ǿҲǵġûлֻֿܡһ߾ǿ֣߳ԶҲزˡʲô飬ˣ
쵰Զزˣ
ʱͻȻƷ˳С
ҶжʱһǵģʱҶüͷΪʱ϶Ǵ˵ģ紦һĨ缫ۣ˿֮
°ʹڲϵѪ˿Ҳֳ˿Ƽ֣ûվˡ
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صɱ֯ˣ
ԣҶһݣɱ֯ˣʲôʵ
˵ͷֻˣǿֹܲˡͶ߾ƷϵʵװнļƷзܾĻزˡ
ҶĬһᣬȻһһֱĬ߾ŮӣҶһŮҡҡͷǽӵֻǱ㣬£޹ء
ҶջĿ⣬ǰָˡɱ֣ǱҪȳȥģȻʵѰʵгôһεֵסˣֻ˭ȥɱأ
ȥɣʱҹͻȻ˵ʵлġ
һ˵ͷʾ޳ɣǴʱҲ뱨ģ
ʱһͻȻҶǰҶдٳ߸ǿܱ¶ˣ


420 ٻǿߣ
ԼһӺһٻɫȹŮҶǰվλáŮˣΪ׵һԼʮòŮ
ʦˣòŮһʮŮӳ
û˵Ŀܴ⳯ãڵ˿Ѿȫˣ
ԣŮһһŮ㵵ʦôܣǹڿʮ߾ǿߣرǹƣȻֻ߾Ʒʵӹɵġ˵⣬Ů뵽ʲôĪ߾ǿ߶ǳˣ
û˵ֻɫһЩ߾Ʒ߾ƷʵǹҪǿһЩǣԷȻ֪ɱЩڵӣǾ֤Է֮о߾Ʒϣ߾ǿߣ
뵽⣬ԥô֪ͨţǿǰӦˣνɱٻ򣡡֪ķڶԹڳֵ֣֪ⷽ϶ҶйأҶйأǾʹⷽ϶ǳ֣
ԷȻܹȫ߹ڣܹ֪Ǵʵ֮ϵģԷܻ߾ǿߣԣϣߣ
ţͻȻֵȹǿǰѾˡٶ죬ٶǰɽҵԪǿߣ֧Ԯ
зŮ㶣Ȼһһ㳯ԶӶȥ
ʱаٻĵɫڱȫߣ˵ǸСĴҪ֪ʵȻҪǿϹڲ٣ȴȫ𡣶ԷȻȫ߹ڣǾʹԷʵԶڣҲԶǣ
׼ߣͻȻĿһƬݴԣһУһССƶʱСеʱɫɱ֯ɱڵǣֻΪҪԹڵ˳ء

ʱͻȻһĲҽŮһԴȥֻһŮ˫ĿԲѪȪ㼤漫Ѫȡ֣Ӱû
ɱ֯һĻɫЩ֯ǲԸǵģǲ¡ɱǰɱٻӣ͵ڹȻưٻˡ
˵⵽ɱ֯ɱֽɱùǿǰȻʱŭ죬վûʧȥǵġսԷǿϧԷɱ֣潻֣
ʦڸô죡ԵһŮӳʵ
̧ͷ˿ɫĶʱΪϾҪˣҹɶЩɱָ
˱ָ߶Ⱦ裬Ҿһ𣬽ٻȻûȳˡʱڳˡ
ĻŮҳɣӿ⣬˫ֿʼ趯˵˫趯һƬƬʱ˳УЩŮĲٿ£Ѹٺ£ܿ죬һɻɵľ޴󻨰֣棡
ٻǰٻȽ󷨣ܹءʱЩͬһ˲䳯ܼ俪˶㶼㲻ˣʱͬڣγһɵֻ֣Ҫ㹻ֵܹ߾ǿȫһˣ
ڰٻ˰һŴԣǰٻ֣ҶüͷȻû뵽ԷȻܹһҪٴδɱЩˡ
ٻˣǷɱɵģӹɵģҪôСĴ۽Щ˶
Ѿ֪ͨٻ༸ʱٻǿ߱ǻǲڶʱɱǣ¾ûлˡʱǿ»ΣҶԣҹɳ
ҶĬΣȻֵܣ׼ȵҹһȥǵΣЩ˶
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ҹӦһȻȥ
Ϊβھǵ󷨣ҶԣϾͻȻα˷ʱ䣿
ҶҡҡͷʱǸ߶Ƚ䱸㣬Ǳضƴȫˣʱҵ˿ֺܻܴȵҹĵĲˣǸ𣿡
㵹Ǻܻ룡Ͼ
Ƕһ·ˣҶϱѪͬҲǣǸңֻһԭǾϣܴǸңܹǣ
ϾҶһۣ˵˵Щûġ֮ԸҶ򣬳ΪԼ⣬ΪҶһսҶʵˣΪûΪֵʸˣԥ뿪
˵һУ
Ͼϲ˵ҶҲϲûȤ忿ϡʱһһȥܿ죬Ѿҹ
ҹȫޣƬɽһƬУֻаٻ˵λ˸ͬ¹͹â
ҹǰٻ֮еЩٻȴûһģȫʮֵľŬάǰٻ
м䣬Ȼ˫΢գʶȴʱʱ̵̿ضܣֻҪ춯ܹ֡ٻѾ֪ڵĴ⣬ٻǿѾ·ϡ
ֻҪһʱٻǿ߾ܸϵҲ˵ֻҪǳסһʱͿˣаٻڣסһʱǷǳĵģ
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ͻȻžУһ΢ĽŲŮһԴȥֻһԼʮǻ
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ܿ죬Ҷߵ˰ٻǰ˸İٻҶǰٻ𣿿ƺЩֵܵס߾ǿȫһʰٻǰٻʵҲûٰյģϾɼʮ߾ǿһٶλ߾ǿߺġ
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ĸˣǰŮԼĸʶҹϵ񻹺ܲҶû֮ǰֱ䡣
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷܵĵطһ˸޷
ԣҶһĨɭɱ⣬ٻ
ʱͻԭڰٻ֮еķͻȻʧ˰ٻ֮УһӰ˲Ҷǰ漴һźĳҶǰ


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ڽҶؿڵһɲǣ̲ס¶һ˿ЦݣȻܿ죬˿Цݱ㽩ӲסˡΪ֣Ľ·һӲ֮ϡ
һᣬ˲е𾪣սˣʱҶȴϣ˲˷ǰһֱ̽ӿס˷ĺһ׼ӿȻʱҶҽϥȴǶĸ͵ؾһ
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Էս϶ô׾ͻɱԷģǿϧԷȴҪģøᡣԷɾģⲻ֪ҲöԷɾġԷһ̣ǶԷɾʱ
ҹɵ˶ʱһղǿǲ˳ȥģڶҶΣѹסеĳ嶯ȻҶûʧһͬʱжҶּ˼֡
һ߾ƷǿߵȫһȻû˵ҶֺһҶһɱʵ߾£ǸϾûܵеùҶˣ
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ٻ˻ԭؾţƺܲ˷߾Ʒǿ߰ȻԷɱˣ
ܿ죬еİٻӻعˡعЩӵһ²ȥҶ𣬶ǳܷӶȥҶȻܹɱǾɱǣοʱٻڷ˳ƣڴ⣬ȴǵģǿֲɱǵĴɱ
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νɱ֯ɱ֣ϾһҶǰɱֵʬ壬Щŵʵȴǲ̫Զϰҵɱ֣ʵĲһ㡣
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Ҷһò˵ôһǿĶָ֣оǷǳġΪԷʱʱ̵̿ı޲ʱʱ̸̿ܵѹȻʱʱ̵̿ĶȲҪǿĸǿ
ʱҲڴδ밲Ͼһսˡ
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ȻʱԶӶҶǰһɱ˷ܵĶҶɱһ߾ߣ㿴߾ߵͷ˵ţһѪܵͷݵҶǰ
꣬ҶЦʶɽһ߾ߡԷ֮˸ˣҪЩɱڲԽɱ֣һΪһٶɱֵУܹԽ״ɱģʮ
ҶĶԷļȻһöƷʯʮżƷзУǽ
һĻԱжʱ¶Ľ֮ɫöƷʯʮżƷз⽱ʵ̫ˡҪ֪ǰһ꣬Ҳһܹ׬һöƷʯ
ڣֻԽɱһˣͻ˷Ľʱ˿̣˶ЩȲȥһ߾ǿߴɱˡ
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Ҷ˵ͷ׼˵ʲôʱɸŮͻȻǰһŮӳǲٶ뿪߾ǿ߸
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ŮȥһһöƷУ΢΢Ǵ飬ٻɳ߾ǿߣ֪ΪΣǶǵ˳֣Һɱʧܣָʾ
Ϣȥ󣬺΢΢һʧԭء
ʱɫУʶչţͻȻͫһμ·һƬյӶȥֻһϢ˵档
ܾˣյϣǰʮɿ⣬Ҷתŷ裬ǷһĨЦݡ


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Ҷ˫Ѿ仯һ˫צצ֮УǼӲµǽֳǽҶǷŵЦݿŷ裬˸˷ܵĹâ
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ҶٶȺܿ죬쵽˼£ڷУЩˡΪ߾ܹһЩռͨġУǾٶȣҲӦٶȣԣҶٶǰԵЩˡ
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ͻȻı佣Ĺ켣û˿ĽӲ벻гôȻͺ֪ҪǱ߶㿪һ㣡
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һ̶쳹Ҷо˫צ΢΢һ飬ǽϴľ޴õǰͣӰǳǰţҶͫһΪ֣ΧһεϣȫΧõ޷ƶ벽
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Ҷͣûȥ׷ЩϧҡҡͷϾĺ磬һ䲻⣬Ȼûɱ˶Է߾ǿ߰
һԣɫѿ˼㣬û뵽ıһ߾ϸ˵ˣһ߾ǿߣȻһ߾˵ˡܴ谡Ѿ󵽣ˣ߰ٻЩͷ֪ˣǽεЦ
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ҶȻ𰸣һٱٶɫ漴Ƿ輤ȥͬʱҶڤɿһӰ˲˷ǰڤ͵رѸɢƼΪˡ
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䣬ҶĽڤ𣬻ʱһ٣·ʲôסһ㡣һĻǷһĨ߾ߣ߾ǿ߸ʩչʲô˵֮ͨ
ֻҪһпռͿöԷ޻֮Ҷһ⣬ԷҲƿռΪʩչģǰǰʩչġһεĿռ֮ǰĿռټʮ
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εı֮Уʱ־ֺҶȻ˴˵еĽ죬򰡣ʷ֮УֻнʦڣǰⲻʮҶȻҲˣǷǰɱҲǲŵġ
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лᣬΪʱĽ֮ڣĽ֮ڣ֣ʹ߾ǿߣȻѹңڽ֮ڵٱ˲ʮϣڼɱ¾⣬ҪƵػ֣лģ
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Ҷ£ٶ͵һ漴һ죬ٱ˲佫ûС

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ɱһ߾ǿߣҶû˷ˣеֻءǰļս߾ǿ֮Ĳࡣȣǰһ⣬֮ǰһֱûнǶ֣ԷһֱǼӣ
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427 һ
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ҶĻԪŭЦȫʬǺôĿ֣ͻȻԪɫ䣬Ҳľһʧԭء
䣡
Ԫܸ뿪ԭأǰվλñֱ̮ȥһ׵ľ޴ӡ֮ϣһ俴Ԫɫٴһ䣬Ȼ߾ǿߣ
ʱһŮӹسԪһֱԪܺ󾱡
߾ǿߣ
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ʱԪо˼㣬Ҳûս⣬һʩչռطֱ˰ɿ⣬׼ߡҶӵ˶߾ǿߣضǵõĳһİϢԪţ
뵽⣬Ԫӿ׼˺ѿռ䣬ٴʩչռطʱӹسԪǰһҡҡͷǲмνưһ߾Ʒ߾Ʒ߶ȲϵĻɫѣ
䣬һĳԪΧռһŤ漴һӡֱӴ͸ռ䣬ӡԪܵǰ߶ʱ˫ĿԲֱӴӿ׹䣬棬Ĳ
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ԱҲˣΪֻǼƷʯҶ˸ɴˬ죬òˣҿԺ޽ٵĺ
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ֻҪһУҪЩ˵ǿԵģ
ãĿǰΪֹ˫Ķǳ죬ûκβг鷢
Ҷߵ֮УһԪܵʬ壬ص˵ͷǰǡôֻ˶Է˶ԷûжԶԷʬʲôʵԵƻҲ˵ǿΪūģ
һӣԪܵʬ˹֮Уǽ鿪ʼ
һԾҶ˾޿ӣص˵棬һ漴һӣߣʮɽ
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Сԥ£Ҳæȥ

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ʵڴ·Ҳ֪·ʲôֻ֪ҪͷĻ߾ǿ߶ѡ·ΪһҪĻ߾ǿڴ·һ̤ʥ߾
·֮ϣʲô˵֪Ϊ֪ˣ˾ʧˡµ꽣ʦңҲˡ
취ҲǲԸص·ģΪһնûû취·ȴģֻԪľޡһѾֵزθĻһĨ
ѡ
Աʮ⣬Ļɫأǵǡ·һٽʥ߾򣬰½޽ڵ֣ʱڽֵķ֮ʧܣǽڽٲٲ
һΣ˵ĳɹ񣬲ϵԼϵڵĴ
֮ϣĿͻȻɨһۣȻЦԪ죬磬ǾôȲ𣿡
ռһ󶯵漴һŮ˽ǧһɽ֮ϣңңԡ
ϹǧвףαôȥأҪ֪㽣ڿʲô³˵һɫˡ˾ǹڵųƹ뽣У
ЦһͲ͹ˣֻϵû뵽ӣԪ죬ǾȻĸںˡʲôɫǶӦǣ֮Ի˵ͷ䱳壬㣬λӦɣ
ϵͱ׷ĻˣٺһЦɣҲı䲻㽣֧ŵľ档Ǿ仰ʧܣȫڣȮûһܹšȻҲţɹڱضᱻ¾ԣ˭˭ɾϹˣ
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ԪĻǹɫһ䣬ȴû˵ʲô
һԣĻŭΪԪŵĸӹʦҪΪڵˣպȥڵߣͶԪţҽڵպΰνԪ죬㵹Ǵḷ́ҽڸ
Ԫƺ֪ˣЦЦȻ
ʱ˶о˴ʱڵĴΧ뵽ڵӾ鲻ԽؿֻڵʵÿһڶڽڣںΧڣܵ͵ס𣿴ǵס
סȴǵľ
뵽⣬ӿʼ궯ˣܿǱڸ߲ѹʱ˿̣ǾԲܳκһġ
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ԪҲ֪㣬˲֣ûҪ·֮ǰǲᶯֵġ
ʹҪ֣ҲкеģڵĻڴ˵꽣ʦȻû취ȫҪ赲һʱ仹ǿԵģ
ܵ˵ڵĴҪܲɹ
ʱһһȥܿ쵽硣
У˻˫ۣʱѾ״̬ѣҲ˵Կʼˡ
һལһɫȥֱԪգۼûʡʱյĿռʱһ𶯣ţʷ·һ㣬¶һ޴ѷ
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һȻ𾪵Ŀ̤֮ɫ̤ɫʷƱ仯֮ǰףתƼܲţһǧɵĺɫͻȻ˺Ʋ㣬Ʋ֮г˼ȥ
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Уԭͣһᣬ漴ٴ˲ӣһǧɡʱǵѷͻȻӿɫ壬ţһɵľ޴ָѷֶ֮ȥ
޴ָһ̣رɫΧЩɽָѹ֮£ʱΪƽأҵ̮
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
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ģһɿĴ۽⣬ڱ˰ʣ
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죬ʷ·Ҫһ㣬ռҲɢɢ·ʱʱ¶һ׵ھ޶
Ͻڵȫһ޴ָ飬ڵٴ¶ЦݣǿӦǳɹˡǣû֣֮ϵ˴ʱɫҰףеལѾһѷ죬·ʱҪһ㣡
·ҪܾŻڣŲҲ˵滹߻ʱѾʹȫ߻ȥ
ʦһһ·شһ飬Ǻεȵʵ
ҡҡͷὣǰһ̤һǧɣƶˡΣʱѾû·ɹʣ
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ĳʫüҲȻ֪ûгɹڽʲôĴ˵ٲһҲΪȻĸҲǻ߾ǿߣȴֻһƷ޷ֿԪˡ
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ͻȻʫǰռһŤ漴Ļڳʫǰ
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ʫҡҡͷ˵ڽңңΣҲģûУȥѰк壿
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𣿽ڵػ𣿴ʱ˿̣ڽڵӷ·˻һ㣬˫ĿЩ͵ĿǴӿ׹ˡ
һˣǾ޴ָʱѷ֮УȻѷرգתƼʱǻָ·ʲôҲûȻɫҲѷĹرɢ˿С

ĻҲЩ͵Ŀʻ׹ʬ壬жʧڣǹڻԪţ̫޼ɵѹڣҲֻܰдѹڣһ⼸ŻҪ˼
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ǰǴ˳֣Ǹ赲סǾָನȻʱ˿Ѿǣɢˣһԣ
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սһȻȫڼȮ
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431 

ڵȻήȻû䣬ַ䣬ʵǣҪȥūΪʹǶȻܵġ
ڵڴ󣡡
ĻһȣڵӶʱ˹ڳɣȫǻڴӿȥӿ룬Ͽǵ޴Ľɫֶʱɫǽɫ֮гڵӼȥ
Ԫһߣһӣ׹ɳ˲ɢ˽һĽɫ⣬һԵĹҲæ֣˵£ɫʱɢ

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ص۹ԼԪŵʲô
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ΣҶҡҡͷһᣬԸҵģվԸģվԭɣȻϦµ̲ЩˣԼ
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һᣬһʮ˾нһվҶߡʣµʮȫʯȻʯհ
ʯɫѿԭΪνʲô谢ūǸ̨̨û뵽ԷȻôһڿֻҪη
˴үҹʯֻǵʱҪʯɾûôףȣ˵ţ׼ʮȥ
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ʯЦһתҶôĪǻҵȲɣۣǸиʲôôɱʯûгѣ
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ҶĻʯɫһ䣬û뵽ԷȻҶ֣Ҫ֪߾ɱֿʮ˰һԵİūҲɫ΢䣬û뵽ǰλȻĴ㽫ʯȫɱ
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ʯذ׿ҪҶǰʱһϹڳһ漴ʯǵЦˣذҲͣǿУ˫ۣԲ棬޵⣬еģֻв𾪣
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֮ҶùϵûģϧЩ࣬Ȼ츳׿ҵΪУرǽڣȻҶǿЦҲãʧȴ޵۹֮ң


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ڤ粻飡ԪһߡΪĳЩԭ⽣ڴͳȥˡﻹýЩٴ翹
ٺ٣Ԫ죬㻹ǷȰɣһԣЦȲ˵⽣ڲή㽵ˣʲôôûĽޣҪҲ˷ԴģһҪʵڻˣ˷ѵʱҲˣҺ֣ȥΣ
Ԫ΢˼Ȼɣ
䣬˳ǰһ̤Ԫһ漴͵سһѹһ˲ƾն֣˽ǽɫ֮ϡɲǼ䣬ʱһҲǽɫҲʼѺۡ
ʱһǾ޴ƵĺɫѪѾѺ۵֮ϣֻ족һڴȻѿ
ԪһϲڵһʱǱѿֵƬͻȻڿѸپۼһᣬһЩã߳˿У
ʦ֮꣡
һĻĻӿֿϲ֮ɫ
Ԫɫһ䣬ޱû뵽⻤ڴ֮УȻǽʦһƷֻꡭ


436 ңӣ
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֮ߣҶЩ񡣶ߴ½ǿˣ̫̫Ĵ˵ˡû뵽ڼˣȻֻһƷֻ꣡
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Ļһ˵ʲôʱԪͻȻ¾ǽʦ
߿ԪһۣȻһ߾ƷϣȻҽڣǱ
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ϣԪɫңӣҳϣ⣬ҵȱزĶ֣ڣֻһƷֻ꣬ûУǿǿȥ
ǣʱһԵĹҲңӣŵԵޱȣӲᣬҵҪ㽣ڣƢӦһҵն֮ǣôڱˣѵǡ
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ʱҶȴڳ˼ΪʦǰһǽʵǽΪʱĽʦ壬޷ۼ޷ۼܹ߶ֻǲǽһֵηģ
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ڵڻԪԼȴɫأܿ죬ɫΪʱңӵ͸ˣ
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ңӣûļУĹڷΣҪһΣҲֵΣЩĴЦ
ң俴һ۹ȻĿɨһ̫֮еĽڵˣߣ򽣻ߣǰһ
ڵһ㶣Ǹ֪ʲôĻҡͷһЦЦǿɬġ
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ʫĿ⿴ҶʫĿ⣬ҶʱЩͷȻ֪ʫ˼ƽĶۣŽûʲôøУְ⽣ڡߣңУǲҵģһöԷСУǻˣ
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ңӲΧռʼȻѾһ׼ˡ
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һʱ֮䣬˫
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Ϊ޷ҶܾҪҶӦ˵ǶҪԶԷ
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ʫʱҶҡͷһ̾Ȼץס֣Ȼʫ˻Уͷһǡ
һ̣˵ĿⶼϣϾʫǽŮʱ˿̣ǰһӱڻУ˿ûз϶ǻעĿġ
Ҷ뿪Ѿ꣬ϴʱֿ⻯һױԣڳĽڵӼҶûܹҶϳֻҶӴһЩˣѩˣʱǾ;ҶЩ죡
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ҶҶưһɱʣڳΪʵҶ죬ȻˣһؽˡһҶͬŵӵĽڵָҶЩ
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һ𣿡һԣĻڿҶ૵
ʱ֮ϵңĿҲ䵽ҶϣҶʱң۾ʱһ㶣漴۾һţϾϸֳһĨЦݡ


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ںӵҲںڱںʫǰʫʹһĻõʹһĻ֪޷ܾʫҲľܾ
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սɱ¾۷壬ͨããܺãңӿҶЦԽŨʮͱһ֮ܲңҲˡã㻹һ˿ϣ
Ҷ׼˵ʲôһԵԪͻȻֳҶһץһֻ޴צֱӴ͸ռ䣬˲ҶͷϡҶɫһ䣬ֿܵģھʱңֱӻһûڣ
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УҶô⣿ѵԪȥѾȫˣ

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ʱҶе𾪸޷ݣ֮ǰȻңƿ壬ʶȴѵġ֮ǰңӵֽ⣬ȻҪ⹥ʽȻӿռ谭ֱǷСһϹⰡ
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ңӿҶȻһӣҶʱʧԭء


438 ꣬򾪱䣡
ںɽȴңУ°ѾʧֻʣϰϰҲԽԽԽԽ͸·ʱҪɢУ
ϣܴػڣңӺֱףûκεĿס
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ңƾʲôҪػڣǿʫϣǰԪŵ˽ڣ
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Ҷ˹ȥסʫ֣΢΢£ѲԼֱҶС
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Ȼߴ½檺ƽʣĸŮԸ˹һأһһòʵ޿޵ŮˡʱΣҲֻΣΪҪϦ߷ʫⶼǲܵġ
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ʫסҶ֣ҶˣԺ˭Ҷ㲻Ҿɱ˭ᣬȴ͸Ųɡ
Ҷ΢΢һȻЩЦ㸸ҪҲأ
Ҿ͸뿪ڣʫ˫ֻסҶͷҶУվһ̣֪УҪΪңԸıԼίԼһ̣֪ûпˡӽԺУǵĺǵһλģҲڹˡ
ҶܸжͻȻ˫Ĵģƿʫ㵵ӣʫӣʲô˼
ʫɫ΢죬ȻסҶְǸʫĸʱҶ˶ʱסˡʹ·ҶҲܹܵʫĹ⻬ȻҪܵǸЩ쳣͹
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439 £
ԪŰٻԼڰ߽ں󣬴ص۹ͻȻٱ˽ڷ˹ǿԵ۶ӵںƺƵȥ
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ҶĺȻЩɷԱգɲطĿġܣҶһǰӶȥܿ죬һӳҶ֮С
ϣˣеĻţѾˣʬѾáܿ죬ҶĿԲ̨֮мһ޴֮ϣǸϰʱҶ˫ֶʱ
ҶߵӵмʱҶѾ֪顣ʱɫҰף˫۽գ±ַƵţΧɷ粻Űϣͬʺ޺ۡ
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Ҷĸ׷ģеĽǴ죬ӲޱȣҪն׾٣˵ţҶٽҪ
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Ҷ˵ͷĸףʵȥѲң
Ȱ㻹Ǳն˵Ĳ˵񣬶ԱɿһŮӣŮʮͣɫ԰ףǷϣ˫۸ǰ˵·Ҫһ㡣
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˵ûҶܹڼһ棬˿ȥҲ޺ˡΪ룬ͿȥȻС뿪ԶҲڻ򣡡
ҶҡҡͷĸףҵԸ㻹пĸףһŬΪľһžֻۡҪȳȥһҾܹžۣʱǾ뿪ȥĵطҲ򣬿ɺã
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䣬ҶǾ֮ɫһֱùʽ齫Ůյ˹ʿռ֮Уýѹ
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ȻʱҶȴæס˷񣬵ʲôʦ治ʦ棬Լʦ治Լͽֵ򣡡
ҡҡͷʦڰٻҵձذٻͻᱻٴˡߣﹼʦʦĺǣǲû˿пǷң˵꣬Ǹ˻ȥ
ڷҪȥʱһ͵ľ紵˷ϣҲȥˡ
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441 
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ص˵ͷȻ˿ϦֿҶаźܶ࣬źΣأֻҶգҶС
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442 ˻ʽ
Ҷûз裬ֻǾڷǰ
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ة࣬ٻû˿춯ԪԼڻбѩڣҴذΧǸɱԮٻ¾ãǿԶˡ
ҡҡͷԽľԽǧǿɲʲôˣǼȻҴس֣ҲҴءߣҴشѹȴ̩ɽٻ˿ңʱǰͲǹɽȥأ
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ĪյȻҶ߾ǿߣḻȻֵ᷸ͼҶܹնɱǰλ߾𣿵Ȼǣԣһ־ȫϣһ
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Īͫһû뵽ҶȻеޱȣһʮɿ⣬ȻأǽɫȴǹʧԭأٴγʱѾϡʱҶѾǰ˲սݺݵĨ˷ĪյĲӣ
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ٻĹ֮Ҷó˲ٻϵԼڤСһЩ˭֪ٻĹ֮лûʲôǿߡ
ٻĹڲȫɻɣҶǰһƬǧɳľ޴ռ䣬ռڣÿʮɾһɻɵĹײġҶһһײĵǰ΢΢һǹľʱɡ
ľ֮һŮӣŮòȴѾûûϢֻļΪãɫǴ֮ɫһһ㣡
ҶûȤʬĿͶ˱𴦣ܿ죬ĿԶһ޴ľ֮ϣľԱߵĹľҪɽ٣һǶһɻɵԲ̨֮ϡҶһԲ̨֮ϣԲ̨֮ԱߵһĹʱҶǶʱ¶һĨ
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ٴһǹľʱһɣûʲô⣬׾١
ҶߵľԱߣȻǹľ֮ȴǿտҲʲôҲûС
ѵ˵ٻʦҲ·ʧ䣿νĹľֻǰٻŪ˼ݵģҶü
ܿ죬ҶҡҡͷһĹڣȻĿɨΧһӿ֣һڤ족һѿܿ죬ڤ˲仯һƬ𺣣ٻĹûС

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451 
ܿ죬ٻĹΪһƬ𺣡
ٻӴľٻʦĹؾ˴ݻˣʱǣԴһƬհףֻͷвǻ
һԵʼ޻һۣУ𾪣Ȼû뵽ҶȻĸҽٻʦĹػȥһٻҶ֮䣬ΪУݵˡ
Ҳ֪Ҷĸһ̣ҶٻѾǲݵˣ
ڤҶɫʱ԰˲սŵ棬ʱѾ̱ڵˡ֪ʹط忪ʼˣϾ߾
ʩչĨȥ˺龯Ҷ
ҶЦЦʩչҲаԼоԼѾ˱ıԵʩչǾˡֻЩϧˣϧ޷ٻˣ
û°ɣϾҶԣʵ
ãҶ˳ɣٻǾڶɱߣºҶಹһЩƷʯ
ϾҶһۣȻתЩѾǰ߾ǿߣҪսˡƼǣûкô
ԣ˵˵ͷȻԶӶȥ
죬һҲߣ
ʱ֮ϵǧͻȻҲ֪ķǼȻҰٻɱҰٻ˶ĵӣȫΪҰٻɣ
ܿ죬ٻǿ߽ҶΧ
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ΣǧǲٻڣҰٻкĿƳţаٻһкԱؽմ˵ȫ𣡡
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һԵ˾ͽüͷʲôܿ죬ͻȻͫһʧôܣǱѹǱΪλ⣬ôܡ
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УϷ֮ϵİƶңһɹɿֲк£õõ°ٻȵӵѡ

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أɽһٻûѾѹ⽴һѹٻǧϣ
Ҷɫƽ·Щɱİٻǿ߲һ㡣Ȼ֪Щ֮޹ˣЩ˲ûгֶԸĸף߶ĸ侮ʯѾҪҪǰٻӣȻܰٻĺôȻӦóеٻΣѣ
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΢΢һЦ˽Ϲӣ˶

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׼ҡͷҶȴæȻ֪˼֣ع˶ãЩҾͻ֪ʱǿ߷ӵ
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ĳʫȿȥĻڶʱһΪʫѾط˼켸ҹˡҶڰٻսԼŮʲô顭ڣҶû

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ǾǶ۹֧֮ɫġɻꡱͨ磬


454 ǿ֮Ĺ
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ҪСǳϾܹ꣬Ȼǵĵ̣浽˲òսʱҺҪ֧ˣʲô̫ѵ¡֮Խǻȥǵⶦ۹ľӻǿ߸򣡡
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ĻһӣǰһײĵĹ׸ǻڿն𣬵ʱҶͫһΪŵģˡ
߾Ʒ͸Ҵ·Ѱ·ĻָһལʱɵҶԣ˽ȻȲ˲գҲѵõĺýֻǿϧ˽ĽѾ飬ٴ˯ԵĻ޸ɡ
Ҷ˵ͷལ⽣Ȼòţȴ͸ʫ⽣ڣʫİȫͶһֱϣ
Ҷԥ£ȻʵĻϣ·ʲôΪ߾ǿ߶ǰͬһ㣿
ĻϳĬһᣬȻ·ԭʥ߾ǿֵ߳ģΪÿһʥ߾ǿߣ˵һѣҪ֪ʥ߾ǿҪԴǼΪֲģʥ߾ǿ֣߳ضܲˡΪʥ߾ǿߵĳ֣ҲΪ˱磬Ծ·
˵⣬ĻɫͻȻǣ֪ʲôʱν·ȴǱζˡ
ζҶüڵ··ͬ𣿡
Ļϵ˵ͷҲ²⣬ʱ·Ӧ˵Ѿ١ڴڵν·һֻĻĺڲٿضѡ
ҶƤһڲٿ·ǰӦòܰɣΪڲٿأ˵ʵҲôﵽʥ߾ɣʥ߾ʵ½Ѿ޵еĴڣֺαŪһף
Ļϵԭһǣʵ֤ҵĲ²ġΪյЩǿߵʬǵһģȻҪɱǵģķ֮һҴδ
⣬ҶЩĻΪʲôҪЩǿʬˣԭΪ˵·
ҵʵԭҪ·ʲô¡ĻϳҲǰЩһĲףҲѹԼľ磬ϵĵЩ·ȥǿߣΪģֻ·ǿϧĿǰΪֹ֪ڲٿ֮⣬ûʲôʵԵĽչ
ҶЦЦǰ˵ЩƺЩ̫ңԶˡңܰﵽʲôϾʱûȥʲô·
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ҶһݣΪСŮҲ˵Ļѵ統Ҫ˲ɣҡҡͷҶǰ㲻ҪȥǾɣĻҿ˵ֻҪԼܹȫͿˣ˵ǸûôΰߣҲûʵȥʲô
޾ʶӦϰɣԣʱӦýСССɣĻЦЦĿҶ
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455 ޲޳ɣ
Ҷ𾪣ţǽ䱸ٵ֣ҡͷһЦǰҾʣˣ֪ĻΪʲô֪ӵСУеȷǾĻ϶Ӧûж⣬ʱûУȻʮģ
ĻЦЦһˣûʲô£Ȼһʧ
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ⲻҪĻϵҪϣ֪ڷʱжǿͷҷˡΪѾѡ㣬ɱ㣬Ҳǵòġ˵õҲûõģ
ĻϵĻҶ亹ʱԭǰĻһʼȻɱ˶ᱦ
ΨһıĻϵҲΨһһӵδߴ½ߣ˵ܹ⿪·ܣһ㡣ûѡΪ⿪·ܣ㣬аԼˣպ󶼻ȥӦ˵Ƭ½鶼ȥ
ҶҡͷЦЦĻϣ˵Ψһܹ⿪·ܵˣҲΨһһܳΪνʲôˣĻӦ֪ϣϣģҪΪȥƴΪʲôǸûôΰһΪԼԼȥ̽·ΪνȥģһϵûΪ˵Ҳһϵû
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Ļϵһ̾Ҳգ²ǿ󣬽մ￴Щǿߵʬ壬˸·һЩ֮⣬㣬ŬŬǿˡΪʵպҲΪеһԱҪ֪棬˺öλģ
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ĳһ̣Ҷ𾪵Ŀ֮УĽΧĿռ䡰һѿ¶һڵĿռڶ
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ܽˣҶĻһ񡣶ĻϵĻͬΪطǿ߾оǽ⻹ǽ򣬶õ˺ܴܹƿߣˣʩչҲǸӵ
ȻҪ߾ܹտռأڵҪСܹɳСÿһεĳɳİǾ޴ģԣŬ硣
ٻһղһղİȻҲ֪ٻҲһ¶ԷǧټƵҪأ
ǱĻϣҶŽڵķȥҪ뿪ǰսҪ׼һµģҪġ
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ʫ͵̧ͷЩ㵵ĿҶ
ҶЦЦǵ£վһֱȥ̫ƽҾ㸸ףȽֶڻ£Ƚڹѵʱںڽᣬ㿴Σ
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Ҷӣôңл
ʫȻչһЦת˲ţֱסҶԼͷҶĻУΣվûпˣֵҵȣֵҰ
ԣҶ΢΢һ漴һЦ˽ʫ֫
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һʱ󣬽̫ʣµĳԼʫĸ׶ڳС
Ҷɨһۣ֣ףʱͲ⣬⣬߷ķҲֻʣλҶ֪һΣԪ˰
ǰȻ⽣ڣڣžǽܲа
ҡҡͷҶһۣȻҪȢʫ޲޳ɣ
ҶԵĻڳüͷʱһ塣ʫǿҶһۣһ


456 Ƹ
ҶǲЩ޳ɻ߲޳ɵģΪ޲޳ɣȢʫ֮ЩˣΪʫЩ˵뷨ϾʫļңЩ㶼ĳû취Ȼʫ⣬ֻˡ
һۣǿЦҡҡͷʱȻǲܾҶ׵ġһû֮ҲǷǳ޳ɵġ
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ߣʱҲҪһڵûбҶʵġҶʫĽ飬ض򡣵ȻҪǣʱĽ޿϶ΪҶǽڵˡ
Ҷʱڳţߣٽ޿϶ѡ뽣ڡʹǣҲòϣҶʱһ˵ĺͱڶҪǿ
Ӧ˵ʱûκһ˱Ҷ󣬺ǿ
ԣȻҶ̬ЩҲֻܵͷʾ޳ɣ
ҪȢʫƸأʱĻͻȻȻҲ޳ҶʫĽϣΪڣΪʱʫѾҶĺӣߣʫҲϲҶֻǣҶô׾ٵľȢʫǵȻǲеġ
ĻڵĻһ㶣漴ˣǰǶ£һСŭˣȢô죿ȥôһŮ
ʫһĨǣȻ֪Լûж⣬ЩҶѿϾô˵ҲһţҶòƸ񣬿϶ѿģóˣãڿϣѿ
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Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ⶫûȻûⶫٰĬһᣬҶת⡣
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ʱ̫֪ʲôʱۼڵӣЩڵҲڿҶҲܺ档
Ǳ޽Ҷ΢΢һЦȻָǱ޽һһûǾ޽֮ϣ޽ûбжϣֻھ޽֮ϳһĽۡ
ɻֻĻ¶֮ɫƺҶ˼ˡ
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ĻĿҶһۣȻҴڸл㣬ллһҪʫ˵꣬ĻɨٳһۣӴ˿𣬴˾޽ԲɷΧڲκ̤룬պҽڵӣдߣ߽ܳ츳ӣ˽ǰĦ
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Ҷ˵ͷٻ˻ʣΣҲ˻ʵҲôɵľⶦ۹Ԫٻ޵۹ص۹һҲֵסǣȥսȥѰǵЩһԿ˻ʡ
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ܾڽڰٷϴˣطҪõǮЩӦܹﵽģҲֻôˡˣЩԼܺãرⳬƷʯҪãҲҪصãȻп£Ƿ֮Ĳޡ
Уʼ޻ѾӦæշڣʱõԪŵҽڵ鷳УʲôѣʲôѣԼң𣿻
ʱҶǰʫͻȻߵǰȻҶ㵵Ŀ֮УʫʺС촽ϡ
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鶯ĲֻʫҶҲ鶯ˡأҶͷ˿ʫĺ촽Ȼֱ룬С˫Ҳûţʫ֫
ʫһʼЩӦҶңҪѣҶ׷ʹ£ѵûˣֻҶڻŰ
֪˶ã촽ֿҶŻһʫʫ𣿡
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ΪһƸһࣻ
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ףϹٻٺЦʲô׵ģԴϴμүҿǲ費˼룬˵ģӣǡ
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֪廢뷨ҹɵүӲõģʲôϹټҲΪǣҴöǣֻҪ޸ҾˣţҴǮ࣬ԶҪһ㣬øױ
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Ҷ˷Ƶ廢Ҳһ˿ߣϾʲô֪Ҷ򶨣϶еġҲȫŶԷϾϹټҿĴ֮һʵֲ̼ġ
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ҶһȻСиˣμ棬ⶫ͸㣬͵ɣ˵ţһĳǰ
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ʱһԵ廢˫ĿԲָǱŵ
Ҳһ㶣Ȼֻһ߾һƷǻЩʶģڼʱ͸оܸ߽ܺף׵ĻʱȷԼ뷨æҡͷ⣬̫ˣա
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Ҷ˵кܶʱһԵ廢ƤһȻæ飬飬Ͻ飬Ͼ׼ʱѾûȤȥ˽ԼŮΪʲôôʶˣֻ֪ǰһкܶס
Ȼڵ۶ϹټҵˣǺǣϷҪ˭ıӵɣϷ޹
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458 Ҷ֮
Ҷҹ߳˴˿СڿУһԣǰҹϹٻʱϹٻĿҹˡ
Ҷӡ˳廢ЩĵĿҶˣȻ֪Ҷ϶ǱϾԵϹټҰ۶ĴȻвԪŵȴţҲһܹİ
סҹɵ֣ǵ֮ɫҹɶЦЦõģһ߾ѣҴܽ
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壬ϻʲôֱɱǰ帮˰ŮıɱˣҪţҪܾĥȻң˽ͨҹʮָۣϹٻ
ϹٹӣҼƺû˿ϵɣⱳһ˵װɣ廢ƽʱȻҵ淴ϹٻӣڣǰصڣһЩȻҪһԼŮϹٻûκιϵɲԼδŮԼŮʲôᡣ
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̫һ廢Ϲټҵ˿Ů帮ң㲻֪ж˽Ϲټҵ˴ˣߣϷ帮ڵ۶ˣ
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ҶûлشԷһ˲˱ڤǰһն߾ǧһ֮ʣһɫ˱ڤǰ赲סҶǽ

һ죬ڱڤ𾪵Ŀ֮УǸӦϡһĻһɫǵؽƷˣ
ҶɱڤĿ⿴˺ϣһǽն˺ϡӲӡһԱ߶ʮɿ⣬ȻֶҶһգȵռ
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һĻһԵıڤһƨ˵ϣɫҰףǾ֡Ȼ紫ǰ㣬նɱ߾ʵԼˣ
նɱϺҶɫ԰࣬ɱ߾ǿߣĲôףΪ˲ս븿̫ˡر˲սڴʱʵֻܻѾǼޣһ޷ȫ˲ս
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ΣҶЦһԷϦҲҪնɱ֮оͨöӦڸ
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һȫ߶ıʹ˲䱻ĸɸɾһζʣһһ⽣ȻֲȴҲǳֲǿ˻ʼףֲֿĽһ

һĻͫһʱ֮ģɫֶıһգȵռ
䣬ıʱԭءȻֻһ˲ıֱӽǿռݴƣ˼ȥ
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һĻһԵıڤ㶣Ȼתͷͳʦȥܱߺʦʦ

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һԱĺǱڤĸ׵ʬ壬ɽƤһû뵽ͽܵʵȻѾ˿ֲȻ߾ǿ߶ܹնɱ
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Ҷصԭλֳ˲սǻھ㵵ıڤϣȻ丸ӣүһ·ɫʵǲǼϻȥˡˣѾɱˣڣҪΣ

عڤʱŤһҶǰҶ͵ؾһƹռŤΣһɰ֮гҶ˹ȥ
Ҷ˫΢У׼ʩչʱɽǰ͵һƻӳ䡱һɽ뱱ڤײռʱһ˸Գ
ɽҪұڤΪ𣿡ڤɫĿɽ
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ãããڤŭ׼֣ʱһⶸȻüһ紦ڤͫһζȻһԷֺ֮һ
ڣѾɱӣҰҲɱ˰ɣ·Ҷŭ
ҶݣҶ֪ȻѾ£ȻҪϾɱߣʣҶеʵе̨ϦС˻Σ
Ҷһֹ۵ˣķȥ룡


462 ۣ
Ҷʣӿ˲ս֮УȻٴζǱڤ͵ؾǸһն˲սڱڤϺףõñڤϻëʱһŤڤٴԷֺ֮һ
ȻҶһǱڤɫȴǼΪҶе˲գиԵļɵ֮ɫʵ̫죬С
ڤ϶ȥҶаϧ֪ڵʵɱ˱ڤϵģϾڿɲ߾֮Զ֣ҪϾɱ֮⣬ΪǳԷŹȻ˫׼ŹԷֻΪǿˣ
ӳһҶɫֲ̬Ĳ԰ףǰɱ߾Ѿõ͸֧ڣгƷʯڣҲ޷ڻӶ˲սˡ
硭СסҶ֣С֮ϣǵ֮ɫ
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ڤϣƺϷĴڣһԵɽҶǰ
ڤϿһԵĭĭ֣ΨһͽܣǰնɱѵͲΪ𣿡
ĭһǱҶһȥͷ­ıڤһĨɭɱ⣬һĭɽƥǺܾûдˣУҲɽ˵ĭһɽȥ
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Ҷ̧ͷڤϣȻԭһЩԥڲףԼǶô޴ڤϣΪղ仰㱱ڤҽˡģΪ˲ү˹µһñڤˣŮٶȥģ䣬ҶóһöƷȥڿ΢΢һ漴ѿ
ұڤңڤŭЦããҵҪҪұڤҡҲģҸıˣŮˣҪã˵㼫Ϊ谮ãģҲһŮǰģ
˵꣬ڤ׼֣ʱпռһ󲨶漴ڱڤɻĿ֮УŮӹس˳Уţʮ̳˳С
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ȻССˡ
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СĻǱڤɫһ䣬û뵽Щ˾ȻҶİ֣ô߾ǿߡ뵽Ҷǰ˵Ļڤɫʱ
һԣɽĭҲͣս˽𾪵ĿСˣһӳô߾ǿߣһҶģʵ̫ˣ
Ҷһ۱ڤϣȻȥڤң߾ϵǿȫɱˣ߾߾µĲùܡλڤˣ
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ԷֻҶɱ˶ԷҲˣⱱڤǧ򲻸ãȻҪϦС֣ǴŭҶۡԣҶ˵ɱⱱڤһԶԶģ
Ҷ»һߵĺãڤɫѿĶҶɱⱩӿ
ҽնݳ󻼣Ҷ
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ʼʵǲҪһпáΪ޵۹Ϊǵʣ뵱ϵܺáҪ֪ܹ˻ʵ˻ʽģҲ⽣˰ߣ츳ܹ꣬ڵסˡ
˵һ̾ⱱڤұϾĴ֮һҴعϵҲĺãǡ
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ҶЦһˣҶ׼ɱʱ

һ̾Ϣ˳У漴ɽǰ
ɽһǶͷȻӵĿҶһۣ޶ҶϷϣЩˣΣ
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Ҷֶ֪֮һƺţǾǽħ
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Ҷͫһû뵽صɱ֯ȻпǶ۹ģǣⶦ۹Щֲˡ
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СˣˮŮӵ֮У۸ӣ˵ЩƷţǰصĳͲӣϾǴڵʷɶǲǶ۹ġߣ񣬿Ǿǳⰲأ
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ҪҶͷʱһɺâȻҶڱ˳˲佫ǿռݺ顣âٶȲӿ˹ȥ
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ʱҶ밲ϾǶѼ֧͵ը˿ţһӰлһӰŹľֻһ˲Ӱ˹ľǰˣľɫһ䣬ǲ˼֮ɫΪҶҶʱɫ԰Щû˿˼
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룬˿Ĵ⣬ľ׼ʩչռ֮ʱһϹس󣬹ľɫ䣬Ϲֵ̫ͻأ죬ʱû취Ϲ⣬ֻϹϣ
죡
ӲһϹ⣬ľһ飬һĨѪǻ˳ʱһľëʱ׼ʩչռһط֣ĿռʧˣΧ֪ʱһɫڣɫڵĿռ䣬类ǿһ㣬ʹ޷˺ѿһĿռ䣡
ͣ
ľֻǴһ˲һӴһ漴ľԴԲӴ
һԣˮɫһ䣬һзʵ̫죬ҶֵڹľֻϢʱ䣬ʱ̫̣õûлع
عˮ׼֣ʱһֻëɫǰգգۣȻ̧Сצ͵һӡʱˮɫ䣬Ϊ֣ΧĿռ侹Ȼ̶סˣ
ˮоʱһһɫϣʱڷӿƽϢεûзӦ
ˣ
ˮһ
һˮĲϣŽҶؿŵطǼԭνɻĴսֻɫȺŹʧǰ֣Ϲ⻤ס밲ϾǺĲ롣
Ҷϲָ˹ҴﵽסҲΪﵽףʩչϹŵסļ꣬ΪСһɫֱǰƺһЩʲôЩ껹ûӴɫ־Զһص˿
ҲΪˣ밲ϾܹȻ£ҳ䲻ķ
Ҫɱɱԣˮ˿η塣
ģ϶ģǲڣҶȻھɱǰŮӣɱ˶ԷԱЩɻŵʿ޹˼ɣʱ밲ϾҪȻȥˡСһСһҪܣڣ˻߾ûܹ׷ˣ
Ҷˡ
ʱǳͻȻ߳һȺˣΪ׵޿޿ߣǰɱ޿ұߣһӡ
ԣҶɫһһԵİϾüͷһ壬Ϊ޿Աߵˣס
޿Ե˳
ѾͶ۹Ͼʵ
Ͷ޿ЦֻǴһѣͬˣ£Ǿ͵ûΣ
Ͼû޿ֻǿףߵ˵ͷȷʵǳѾ޹ӽˣ´Ϊϸͣ
ϾĬֽ˽е졣
ʱ޿ͻȻһԵҶȻЦҶܹ˻ӡ˻ʼףȻ󳼷ңҽԲɱ㣬Ҽ̣һΪɻŵͳ֮һҪ֪ɻŵĴͳ߾ƷϵģҶɻžģ
㣿ҶһЦһһ͡һˮͷǷ˳ȥ


466 ʵĽVS˻ʽ
޿ȻôҾͳȫ㡣ϣˣ
䣬һ߹سҶǰߵɨһҶȻһӣһƺҶȥٶ̫죬ҶܶġҶȴɫƽû˿η֮ɫǰվǻ߾ǿߡ
Ҷ֮νôȻԭģΪСһѾ˵ˡ
ȻƺҶǰʱҶǰռһŤ漴ƺֱʧˡ
ɫһ䣬̧ͷ˿Уڱ֣б³һ
ߣССƷ߾ҲҶԱʽ
֮Уһ漴ԵĿռ侹ȻŤҪ۵һ㣬ѹ
ռ۵ʣ
߾æʩչռֿ֮ΧҪ۵Ŀռ䡣ȻƺûʲôãǴĿռ۵ֻٶȻһЩ
Ҫ⴦Ŀռ۳ʱһԵ޿ͻȻνҪ۵Ŀռ͵һʱһɫһĿռ֮ϣһĿռʱնһڿռѷ죬æʩչռӶ֮ڿռѷ֮˳
һԭվλõĿռʱžһ۵γһΪ״
״Ƥһк²ѣ
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£ʳ˵ǰ
ʣҶϵһϲϹһ䵽ʵļϣСצʵԴ
һĨᣬЦЦȻһԵҶлһʱչˣҶ£Ѿ˵һ仰⣡
ҶЦҡҡͷҽСһﵱԼˣ
Сһ֣¶˸ɰЦݣȻ˵СԴ
ʣ磡һԣ޿
ʲмһЦΣ߾ߡѲɣ㻹Ҫֹ̤粻ɣˣҲķϻճֻ֣Ϊһ£˵⣬תָָҶӽˣȿף
޿ɫһħ۹һԼǾ˫Ļ߾ǿ߲ö˫֡Ϊ߾ǿʵֲ̫һҪɱһ߾µߣʵ̫ˡ
ǿ߶ԼȻΪ˱Լĺ󱲡ôһ˵Ҳ˵Ժ󶦺۹Ӧ˵߶ɻ߾ǿ߶Ҷ֣
ʣߣޣ޿ɫЩѿҶʵ߾мܹɱǰҡҶ
Цһô˵ǲǿԳֽ㶦۹Щȫɱˣ
Ҫˣ޿ֻҺܺ棬ΪҪԳ汣һأ
ʵͲ֪ˣ˵һΣˣԣ֮ԼЧڻ߾µУҲͰˣֻʵʿۡǣǶȸɻ߾ǿ߶֣Ǿͱֱ˺Լȡ˻ͷʵҪ㶦۹Ǽܲܵסʣ
˵꣬һӣҶСһʱʧԭء
޿ɫΪѿ裬֪ʲô
һԣһֱĬİüͷ壬û뵽ҶȻ޿жԹƺǲܻġΣҡҡͷĵԼôҵδҪģֻǡԥ£ԵĺŮӵ˵ͷһʱʧԭء
ϾԼһۣȻ󳯳ȥҶһĻ
ĳҶ΢΢һ񣬵лǰȣ
ʵлͲˡʿĳ϶ܺãģû˽ġ츳Ǳѷɫκһˣزۣδ磬ضһǿߡ϶һ𣬶˵ֻкô֮ʲڹ֮ˣԼڰɣ
ʵĻҶһϲʲСһһòˡȻ¿ɾͲðˣϾʿСһĸףںˣڵˡ
ҶϵʵļϣСצʵԴȻ˵Ļ
ЦЦǽ϶ȥģΪѾﵽףýеĴС˵Ҫ
ҶЩᣬСһѣûСһúءҲ֪û취ֹҲֹҪ֪⴫ж˵ǼΪҪġ
ҲûˣСˣΪǴĺҪΪкͿԻˡ
Ŀǰ޿һͳӦûʲôˡ֪ضֹֻǣͺãʵվ޵ģûҪȥη𣿡ͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷȻηǣǲ˻ʾô׵ͬһġϾ˻ѾУ˫ĳܻ⣬ǶԷġ
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ҵȻ֪Ц˻ʿҪͳһ½ģôܷŹֻΪʲôҪֹأɱʵߣʱǳ֣ضŽҪ֪Ǻܳɵġʱ˻ʼпܲһһͿɺߴ½أϾ˻ʽж۹ֵ֧ģ
ҶɿЦȻ㣬Ȼޣأʱǳ֣˵޿һһܹͳһˡ
ݲ㣬ɣЦ
ҶЦЦǰģһ죬ضǰ˵ʵڵģɲ
ʹһЦȻץסǻһֱʧԭأֻһ仰С˻ʽΪ֮
˻ʽ
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Ȼʧˡҡҡͷѹƣ
ΪʲôҶ⣬㲻Ǻųܹ򽣳˻ʽҲǽ𣿡
ƤһضرӣȻҲаһĴˣ𣿡
аǺ죿Ҷʡ
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Ҷһ㶣Ȼô֪أ㵽ʲô
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飺
ĬΣҶ̯̯֣Ǻú˵ɡнʾнĽأ
ӡˣЩ˸е
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𣿡
һڸҲ֣鵭Ҷһۡ
Ҷһ飬ôȥˣ
ˡ
УһΪжԭҲҶЩм
˭𣿡
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˻ʽʲô鲻мƬصķ򶼲ѣȣ
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飺
ôѵ㲻𣿡Ҷ
ʵȥ
Ҷһ㶣Ҫ㹻
£ңӵʵ
Ҷٲ
ʱһ˳ҶǰŮӿһ۽飬ȻĿҶϣҪ㣡
ˣȻָ㡣


467 
ϰҡ
ֻ֮Ҷ밲㡣
ʵҶǲģΪʱѾǵжԵΣ֪ΪʲôҪ޿ˣǾ޷ıѾΪʵ¡
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˻ʣƺжԹͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ҿԳǵ⣡
ҶȻĿŶԷ
һͳǴֹġΪһЩңƷŶѾ޿Э飬һͳ򣬲ԣӦһͳߴ½ԣһԣ𣿡
ŵʲôҶܺ棬޿ЩųŵʲôȻЩŶˡ
Ƭ̣һͳ֮ЩԼɡ򵥵˵ͳһôЩƷԼһЩҾͿԼɣȻյӣ׳ԼɡԼ鲼ߴ½ĸܹܾջ󣿡
ԭˣҶˡŵʲô
ðҵĵ꣬鲼ߴ½ϣûоܾɣΪѳɣܾʹҪսʱж۹Ȼҵ֧֣ң޷ֿ
ҶüĻʱʼ޻ʵĴǲΪ⿿ص۹޵۹Ǹ޷ֿⶦ۹Щһŵֵģ˵ڴص۹ڻԪŵȻδ
޿֮ĳ𣬲ʲôǵ⣬ӦǿԻġض㡣
ҶŰ㣬ֱӶԷ΢΢ü׼˵ʲôҶȴǺȻҡͷһЦͻȻ֣֮䣬Ĳʡ֪Ǻ⣬ˡұ㲻飬Ϊ㲻ǷʲôͬģҲ飬ΪҴԵ˿ʴȣ
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
һЩĿҶһһȥˣԼΪ𣿻˵Ӵ˿ѾԼǵˣǵģ϶ǵģ˽С۾಻ɳԼĵ˽ˣ϶ѾԼǵˡ
ǣԼûдģֻ˳ӦܹȥԼǰˣôȻûģԼô͵ҪΪ˰ԼԸΪ𡭡
Ҷûлͷ֪԰˵Щƽû취ֻôȻѾѡǴֻǵжˡڽ˵ʱ˫˼ɣõˡ
Ҷͣ˽ŲΪǺŮӳǰ
ҶЩջ𣬵֪֪Լ᣿ʵĻԻὫǰŮ·Űһٱ飬һǧ顣ΪŮвϲĴͷϣջ
һɺϮõҶ鲻Խһ¡
ǸŮ䣬һ˿顣
ҶˣҲΪУǿϧѡվǱߡҲ˵ѡǴģǣ˫ΪжԣȴѾʵˡȻѾزҪ˵أ
ģ󣬴˰
Ҷҡҡͷ㲻˽ңҲ˽㣬ǣɣʵڲϲˮѶϡˣ
˵꣬Ҷͣӿ˽Ųת˲ʧ˰С
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ŮӳֶθǺҪ츳ʵȴֲּɳδȽʦӿ¡ֻǣ߲һˡ˻ʣǲܸɳģԣûдҪΪ𣬲ֵã
ã˻ܹһͳ𣿡ͻȻ
ŮһѾͷĪҪڣ
ҡҡͷȻϷԭΪ˻һͳѾɶ֣ڡ
һ֮ʲôŮӳ
Ҳֻһָоо޿ûôһͳ򡣡
ɣǣѾܡҼ޿ƺ⣬˵˽ܣѾͷ㡭
㣺
˰ҶһȻ밲ΪУû취ѾעǵˡȻǵˣպ͵СˣⰲҵЩɱֿǼΪֵģ㣬Ƿǳġ
ڰ㡭
ҶҡҡͷִĨȥȻѡվ޿ǱߣôԼΣԣһеһжƮɢɡ
뵽⣬Ҷеľԥʱʧ٣ȡ֮Ǳ䡣
ͳһŴҶڳʮϦ£ȻϦ޵۹ʼ׼
ڵȷʵЩ⣬۹ңЩŵ֧֣޵۹ص۹ĵֵס޿
ٲȻѾһ֣
ԭسĬ˰ΣҶһ˻ʼ˻ӡСеҶɫЩ޷ʹãر˻ʼףڹؼʱ̸С㺦Ҷջ
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˵꣬ҶǰһСŮСŮƯУֱֳʯȣģǸ߰
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Ҷһ飬ĺСŮһ٣ʵĻѹǲʵ뷨ܴ󣬵ȴ޷ʹãûа취Ĩǵ飿
СŮĿ˻ʼϣȻеıʯ˻ʼף
һɫС˳СɫСǿҶһۣȻĿСŮϣСŮʱɫС֮¶Իľ֡
ΪʲôΪСŮָָҶʽɫС
Ҷ
ɫСҶһۣȻҡҡСԴֲСŮǰȥƺڽʲô
죡
СŮе͵˽ɫСͷϣɫСʱ˵ϣСŮٸҷϻǿвףһɢǣع硣һ仰ԸԸΪǲԸ⣬Ҿˣ
Ҷ
ɫСίĿСŮСŮȴ˿Ȼ󻹾С֣ϣ˸žɫĹâ
СŮв£ɫСĿ⿴ҶȻǳԸطɵҶǰҶǼУɫСü֮ȻһҶü֮СΣҶɫһϲΪȻܹĸܵɫСʱ
СŮջС֣ȻѾΪˡһȥϢˣҪָʵܳһʱ޷㲻Ҫȥǻ𣿡
ʲôŲǻҶ
СŮüͷ壬ãŵǲҪȥ򲻹ˣ֪𣿡
ҪҴ򲻹ô죿Ҷ
ɱСŮȻ
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Ǿܡ
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468 
СŮСкҶ̲סʼ̽˻ӡ˻ʼסûշ˻ʼף˻ʼ׵ѾôֲѾշ˻ʼ׵ڣķжֲ
һһⶸȻҶӿ˳ͬһ㱡Ƥһ㸲ҶȫҶ֫ⲢӰĻҶһƷϵĽ⣬һƬ·޻һ㣡
˻ᣬҶһһҶĿ¼ǰʱҶ㵵Ŀ֮УǱȻԲѷ֮ǰٶȵأ

Ҷϲû뵽˻ʼײ˵ĿֲȻܹʵǳϣ
ҶĿ˻ӡϣ˻ӡʲôأֻܲ˰ɣȻҲǺǿ󣬵ֻĻҲ̫Բ⡰ĸˡ
Ҷ˳ѯ£ڵ֪˻ӡˡǾѹѹʲôʲôѹ˵ѹˣѹѹ˶ѹ
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ҸطúԼûʱ䣬һһõһʱ䶼ûСԣÿεɱ¾֮ģ
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Ҷָһһƽ˿һֶţ䡱һƽڿб˿˲ɢ
ףȻô׾ͻҵĽ⽣֮ЩһţһֳֳɫȹŮӳҶ֮С
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Ůӣ½һ飬ҶεЦЦӣλǵٳ½ţһޣ֮ǰĳ֣ûж⣬ֻдд裬ӲҪ⣡
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½۾һдд裿
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Ҷ˵ͷȻǰȥ½ʱͻȻ½ȻνʱһƬȻڳУҶΧʮɵķΧ˽ȥ½һƮһ㣬˿Ĺ켣һҶǰ棬һҶĺ棬һһһַ·һٽ
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Ҷûж㣬ҲûаνЩ⳯ӿȥ

һҶ紦
½󾪣ΪĽҲǰˣսҶȴϣֳǰһֱ̽ӿס½Ĳӡ
飡һԣ½󾪣æ
ǰŮӣҶ֮ԸҶҶ֣Ϊ֪ҾӮ㣬Ҳɱ㡣ҪҪһҸҲɱ㣿˵ţҶ΢΢½ɫʱҰ
½һĨ֮ɫֱǰĸɱģĸҵġôܷ䣿½ôһǰ䣿
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½𽥸ֳˮ飬Ҷ·ҪɱҶһ㡣˶ԴзģһҪɱһҪɱ
սҶȥҲ½֮ôһѵѵŮˣָָԷһ飬ţһУǳѾˡΪӽһ̣͸ܵע
֮鴫
Ҷսһ۵˱Ц


469 Ǭͼ
ˣҶͫһΪ˸ĸоȻͬʸĸоһʵɲ⣡
ǰǹǳҶʵ
˵˵ͷǶ½ҲԽ½
Ҷ½Һܺ棬ǳе඼ѾͶ޿ΪȴûͶǣߣ˵޿ӦǲŹǳģƫƫȴûж֪½Ϊҽ󣿡
½ЦҾ֪档޿ı꣬ˣҲܹ֡һͳ޿һ½ֳ֮˻ʽж۹֧֣ʱЩУ߹ѡʱˣ
޿ǿҶüʵ
½ڲǺǿǵһ½֮ʱֻһ߾Ҳ˻ʽٻ֮նɱ߾ʵȨ֮ģȨԽ֮Խ࣬ʵԽǿҪֻҪȨ֮ͿԶ硣
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ҶƤһصĴˣǵ񰡣
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ԸҵˣϧᣡҶ֮Уġ
½ҶһۣȻڵʵȷʵܹնɱ֮ҪɱɾûôˡɱҲǿܵġ
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½֪޿Ϊڻû𣿡ҶشֵΪڻȱһһΪǬͼĵ
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⽣Ǭͼ޿ȻԷҪһͳ̫ˡ
ҵõϢĵشһżż֮ʱس쳣޹⣬زû´żӦϹʥ߾ǿߵżǬͼӦþУΪ޿ʱѾżȥ½
ʥ߾ǿߵżҶͫһʥ߾ǿߣ½Ѿûֹˣ
ܹõǬͼ߲Ǭͼ޿УôԸص۹޵۹ˣڳеɻų֡㲻ܵõǬͼ޿Уôֻվ޿ˡ½
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½ҶĻǲɻ߾ǿȥżΪżƺѰҴˣżŽƣֹ߾ǿ߽롣߾ǿҪǿн룬ͻᱻѹơԣ۹Ż̶øһж۹һż棬ܻܲʥ߾ǿߵĴõеıͿ˵컯ˡ
½㣿ҶֱӶԷ
½ûа취ңʵŲң㶼ȥֹ޿һ޿Ǭͼ磬ûκһֵܹסħ֣ǣͲɱأ
ҶĬΣȻҡͷһЦȷʵ½˵ŻǲŶԷȥֹ޿㲻ܵõǬͼҲǬͼڶԷСȻܹż֮ɱ˶ԷĻٺòˡ
Ѿˣ½
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Ҷ˶Էһۣ½ƺԷǶʲôıǬͼ޿ϣǰߵĻǶԷʲôıҶʲôֵöԷƵأ
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Ϊݣǿʲô½
½


470 ɱ
뿪ҶǷ޻ʼ֮£׼Ϊ޿õǬͼ۹û׼ĻҪȫûĽ࣡
֪ͨʼ޻ʺҶַŴֱǸϦʫϦҪȥȻҪ֪ͨ˵ģȻ˿϶ᵣĵġڵǰʲôʲôˣҪʲôҲҪ֪ͨµġ
ŮҶ˹һٶһ֮С

ս֣һٶ˳ҶǰȻҶһ
Ҷ˵ͷһӣһƬ׹˳ȥǰʱһѼƷʯ˲⣬ҶֻҶҪǰ޷ȥ򣬺úÿǰһټƷʯЩʯ㹻߾ˣϣŬҪʧ
Ҫǰ򣿡ʵ
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ɫһ䣬˫ֽգ
ҶϢӦûģΪ˵ϢʼʣԴص۹ʵǵ鱨ӦǲٵġҲ˵ԵǶ۹ӦҲ˵۹ʵ˵ģ֧ɻžѾѶԸˡԣԼǿȻʲôȥ𣿡
ǻŬģ
Ҷ˵ͷ츳ãʵҲǿϣܹﵽ߾ҴֵܣҲﵽ߾ڣû߾ʵǸ޷ȥԿⶦ۹𣿡
ף
ҶĵطǿǰӦѾ֪ڵҵӡԣǿԺúѾ֪ͨ
ǣ
ˣҶ˵ͷϣٴμʱҶ䣬Ҷһʧԭء
˶ҶȥķһȻһʧԭأŽڷӶȥ

ڶ졣
⣬Ҷǰʱ½½ػ½ѵѾվģȻѾһˡ
Ҷ½үӿǵһʱ㲻֪ܲò𣿡
ȭΪҪ׼һЩˣҶ֮Ϊһϵķȥ򣬶һЩƷ϶õġ
ҶǸ½ŹֵؿҶһۣǰһҲǸ
ǰħɣҶ鶼Ѿֻ뾡ϵ򣬲Ȼ޿õǬͼͲˡ
ħλڹǶ֮⡣½½ѵ߾ǿߣȻܹȣҶоĽֻٶȸˡ½ЩǱˣΪٶϻǳ־϶Ҷ˲̫ˣ
½½ѵȻ߾ǿߣ·̣˴½УȻԣҲǼΪģΪʵ̫
Ҷû˴½ԷҪų඼ܳԣǻǻعǵĺáҶٶԽԽ죬½ٶԽԽܿ죬Ҷ˽½ԶԶ˦
ӣҪȵٳ½̲סΪ֣½ʱѾЩɲˡ
ʵԸǿģҶǹ߻ˣ룬ʱӦöδﵽļްɣ
½죬ʲôҲû˵Ҷ˵û½츳ǷǳģȻҲ⣬ҽ˵ءҶ˵·һ˳ģûʲôĥѵġ
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½½ѵһۣȻҡͷЦЦЩҶΪʲôԼٳͣʵȷʵ½ǿˡΪҶʵǴɱ֮еģʵûһˮݵģ
½
Ȼڵ½ȴû˵Ҫæ½Ļˡ
ʱ½ɫ԰ףϸǺˮ˫Ѿӽ͸ɿţ·ʱҪͣһ㡣
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Զž޴ľĽҶ½ҧݣǾǿ֮ɫ
Լʱ½Ҳ֧Ųס˫ȻʧԸ߿֮г¼׹䡣
ҪʱһӰҶԣһ̣Է˻С
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ڶԷһɫ½ڣУ½ɫֹƬ̣½˫ۡ
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ǵҪӴ½ʱ½оǰһ漴Լһ˫ֱ˻С

ǵҶĺ֮ϡ
Ҷɫһ䣬Ϊ֣ƤȻƿˡǰ̫ûд߶˻ʼףȻҲû߶˻ʼףϾǼΪġߣԼҲĵģû뵽ԷȻƿķ

ʱԱͻȻҽ
½ȥСʱٴһףֻ½½ѵ˵ͷѾ벱ӷ˿ʬվˡ
Ҷ½һʮɣʱҶ󱳹سһӰˣӰֳһذһĨҶĺ󾱡
ںӰ˳ʱҶѾֽ࣬ճȭ͵ؾһȭ

΢ӴҶذóʮȭͷϣһѪۣ
ҶΧվʮӰˣֻǶݵĽ֣ҶѾȷЩӰ˴඼߾Ʒϵǿߣ
ȻҪЩ֮ʶģǰˣ˲ǱˣǵС죡
ɱǰҵɱ֣Զ׼ˣ
Ҷһ½Сһۣϰңţհٱ֮
䣬Ҷҽ͵̤أʩչ˲ϢһӰֱʧԭأһ̣䱾Ѿ֮⡣
׷
֪˭˵һ䣬Ӱ˶ʱһӰҶ½׷˹ȥ


471 ɱ⣡
ҶȻҪܣʮ߾ǿߣҴ߾Ʒϣһɱ֣ܲ𣿲ҶҲ֪Щɱֱض޿ģֻû뵽ⰲҲˡ

һʼҶǺ޵ģϾ밲֮ҲЩ㺡Էɱһǰ޿ɱȻǲġǺܿ뿪ˣôҲ޿ɺǣϾʱ˵Ժǵ˵ĿҶ
ȻҶѾǵˣԷҪⲻǺ
õҶ֮ж԰ǵȫʧҲʶǵˣ
ϾĽзõҶٶȴﵽһּΪֲĳ̶ȣԣʹЩ߾ɱܹ˺ѿռ䣬Ȼûܹ׷ҶȻҶҲûȫѶԷΪҶоЩ˾Զ
Ҷ֪ʱһã׷ǳ¡ûгƷʯԴԴϵػָͱԷ׷ˡʹˣҲ޷ֶõģϾ˫ľ̫ˣƷʯҲܵģ
Ƭ̣Ҷһۻе½ħжԶǲȶԷģϾѱһ뵽ԷݣͲܼȡڻں׶ΣǼȣŮڶԷǾĿܽ޿Ǳˡ
ԣǰŮڶԷģ
ʱ½ЩµģôҲû뵽ǰúõģתۼȥˣǻһȺ߾ɱ׷ɱ
ڵٶȣа·̣½
𣿡
ҶüͷܳŲˡоԽԽڵһʱͻᱻԷ׷ϡ
Լܰɣʱ½ͻȻ
Ҷһ㶣ЩĿ½½ǲɱҵģǻȥвҸףԣҲġһܣ˭Ҳܲ
˵ûһ㸸׾ͽˣҲ˵ӴΪ˵ūʱ޿ܻŹģӿ㣬Ȼв㸸סҲ˵ԶǱ˵Ľ㸸ҲΪΪ˵Ĵ֣𣿡Ҷ
½Ĭ˰ΣȻ̧ͷҶһۣ³Ͷ޿žҵģ
˵ϲž㣬𣿡Ҷ
½ҶһۣȻĬ˵ˡ
ʱȥ˫ľԽԽҶüͷԽԽڵѾٶʩչ˼£ǻ޷ѶԷΡľվ̫ˣ߾˵ѶԷɱԷҲǲܵģ
ֻ߾ȴ޷ȫЩ
ٴطǽȴǲͬˡΪ˵طǿʵǾͲǵôˡʱпõһӶ޷̤߾ɶпܣ
κطиõģطҲ⡣
ԣͷҶҲǲطˡȻýŻҲԼδע
ҶУ½ҶҶ˵˧ɷϣҶǷǳ˵ġӦ˵ʵ˶ġҶ߾ȴܹնɱ߾һܴʮ߾ɱѣ
ʮ߾ɱ֣߾Ҷȴû˿η֮ɫƾݵʶ߾֮оûмܹˡġΪǳ߾߾֮ĲҲΪˣʱҶȻǱЩˡ
ֻҶʵ̫ЩΪʱҶ֪⻹⣬˫ֵ䴦β˼£ȴҶĸˡ£ʵڿ˿ڣֻҶˣ
ʱҶͻȻһϲΪԶһƬɽգһӣԷҪҵʵ̫ˡ֣СϢԷҪץסûôˡɱԷһҲǲܵģ
뵽ҶһһûƬɽ֮С
غҶһֱʧԭء
ϢʮӰҶǰվλá
һ˵ҷͷ׷
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м˲С졣
СʵǿܹϢǷֿпܸɳ֮ҶǱϾģϾҶദһʱ䡣ҲΪˣŲСҶΪҶʵܹնɱ߾
ɳ֮һЦһ߾ѣȻһ߾Ҫǿ࣬ٶҲһ߾ǸҪ˵ܹɱǣδ̧̫СˣǶɱ֣һ߾ɱ֣˵ǻᱻһ߾ɱⲻԣĻ䣬ܲ
Сüͷһ壬ȴЩΡʮ߾ɱ֣ǰҵģ޿ģܡ
С컹˵ʲô߾ɱȴѾʧԭأܷɢȥ
״СҡҡͷȻһ𣬲ҪֿҶ˵⣬С£ȻҪ֣ɱ⣡


472 ӣ
ããֺҶûѡܣһطԼ½ѡصĵطһȻγɵĵؿӣӲӦ˵Сպù˽ں˽ŶԷ˫ЩΣر½ûаֲȻ֮ɫΪҶˡ
ʱҶȻûȥô࣬ʮ߾ǿ׷ɱʱȥɲ°ϰˡ
ɱԷе㲻ʵΪԷ߾ܹһɱһҪԷֻһˣΪϣҪһɱϢЩ˾ܹϵҪ֪ǿǶܹ˺ѿռģ
Уʱ߻һ׸
ԣʱЩֹۡ
ͷһ½ҶкΣûŮˣѹҪࡣŮڣ޷ˡεܽŮ£ãǲӰ
ʱ޿֧Ѿܶ࣬ǳҲĲˣԣΣҲǲŮ޿
ͻȻҶɫһ䣬ס½˫鲻ԽŮн˽½ɫͨ죬ƺҲʲôֻյĵҶۣû˵
Ҷ˲Զ
֣⽣ʵϢȻȫʧˣһ˵
ʵȷʵӪЩСӿҲȲѹὫǴԸһʼϷЩ⣬ɱһ߾ҵȳ𣿵ڿľûģһ߾ȷʵɱһ˵
ڲ߾ȴѾӵʵﵽ߾¾Ҳκβˡԣ˱óȥȻδضĴС
˵ǣӦܲԶӦûܹ׷ϣߣ
һʧԭء
ڣҶüͷ壬ɫδ½ȥ׼˵ǰҶȴɫ䣬Ȼ㵵Ŀ֮УҶֱĺ촽õҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
½һƬհף˫۲˼ضҶ
ҶҲҶȴŭ½ҪȴǱҶס޷ֻҶסĺ촽
˰У½׼ƴһʱͻȻǰȥ˵
⣡
͹ˣѵ˲ɣ
ΣһҪɱ˴ˣߣǷͷȥѰҡ
ٴʧԭء
Ҷ촽뿪½ĺ촽Ŀ½һۣǰһͱŮ˻ˡŮе²డ
Ǹ½ʱЩռ˵ǵõǸҲ֪ǰҶֹʱ϶ҪꡣرҶпܵõ϶ᱻԷץȥ
Ҷ½һ˵档Ҷ£Ȼ½ǵµĴҲˣ㣬˵˭Ҳܲ㣬ʵ˵Ͼ㸸Ҳǳں׶Ρ
˵ɣҪô½֪Ҷ϶ʲô취ˡ
ҪʲôֻҪ½ίһˡҶһӣʳ˳УԳɿռ䣬ػˣϣ½ίһ£ռסˣ
еѡ𣿡½ҶһۣһĨӡ
ûѡ񣡡ҶЦݣȻһ⣬½˹֮С
û½׸Ҷ࣬ʵýԷڹ֮еģ½ܾԷܾҷԵʱҪµġǴѾֵز½˵군
ԣ½ܾҲҪǿƶֽԷŪ֮Сã½ܺȻֻ鷳
һɫϻҶıϣһ˲սУǲҶͳһѷҲʲôȻȫԼϡһУҶֽ˳ֱϡ
ԵĿɶһЩ߾ɱ֣˿Ĵ⣬ΪһŪãͻᱻΧһԷϣҪٴ룬ϼˡԷɲɵôܸڶλӣ
ԣ֣ͱһɱȻ
һ׼Ҷһʧԭء


Ϊʲô
һ䷿֮У㿴ǰĺŮӣҲùãʵŷ֣ҵһЩɱ뿪˰ң֪ȥ̽£֪ЩɱεĿľȻȥɱҶ
Ĺùã
ԭù޳һģڣ֮Ǹܵġ˻һͳ½Ʋɵ˻ʽһ𣬱ضõϰ˻ʶϣʱϰҿɾˡԣΪ㻹Ϊ˰ңŮӵ
ҡҡͷùã֪ӣض޼ҰҡӣһʲôҲóġΪ밲Ҵ˿ĺôΪҰҴһУ
Ѿǵˣ𣿡Ůӵ
һģԭվ޿ߣлЩ½ģΪֻͬڣȥɱҲ͵ڸУվ޿ߣӣһ룬ôҰպضᱻ񱨸ֽ߾ǿ߲֣ܶ߾֮Уܹɱģʵ֮٣𣿡
߾ѣŮӵ
ҡҡͷٻΪйù뷨԰ٻŻ³Ȼֻ߾ʱǹϵ棬˵ģǴص۹޵۹нڣԼҶվߣʡ֮ЩһǶ۹ҲǲСģ
˵⣬˶٣ֵһ㣬Ǿǽʡ츳ùҲһɳ¾˻ҲҪɵɡ꽣ʦ֮ʹѾ꣬Ƕ۹Ӧǲǵİɣ
Ҳ˵ѾУ𣿡Ůӵ
Ȼ˵ţʱֻ޿ġڣҰȥ׷ɱԵľͲֻ޿ˡ˵⣬ɬһЦһܲˣҰұضʧءùã£޿ް
ʮ߾ɱ֣߾Ʒˣ߾ƷˣݣѲɣŮӵ
ɱģ϶
Ůӿ˰һۣȻѾͷʵ߹ùãϣϣ
һ֮гĬ
״Ů΢΢һ̾תȥ
ù
С˻
ˣѾˡ



473 ɱ
ɽ֮УҶһ㣬ȫʧˡ
ĳʮ˾һ
Ƭɽһ޼ʵƽԭԣӦûƬɽ֮Уǵ̺ʽһ߾Ʒɱֳ
ҪֿСü
߾Ʒĺ俴һС죬ǰһ߾ߣһǿɲ£˵꣬˳Ųͬķɢ˿
ԭأСɫЩѿɱ֣˼Ҳ£ȴǼɵһ߾ߣҪһʵ˵ԼҲоеǸɶ֪Ҷֲģˣһвʹпģ
ĬΣСҡҡͷȻֿѰңһҪ֪ͨң
СԵ˵˵ͷȻʧԭء
СҲ׼ȥȻʱͻһɫ͸ռ䣬˲Сǰ
Сɫ䣡
ӦСذ׶Ǹɫ͵ؾһһɫɶʱСȴͫһΪĵ޷ٶĸλ
ı
ֻһۣСͿıƷסСĸҴ⣬׼֣ȻʱͻȻҶ˲Ϣ
ֻһգۣҶǳСǰС죬ҶǷһĨһ׼ʩչռݷ뿪ҶʱҶȴҽ͵̤أȵ֮򣡡
һĪ˲ѹסС죬Сɫ˲ҰʱıҲҶĽ֮УȴǲûжС췢ΧСܣС첻˿Ķ
Ҷ
С˵ʲôȻҶȴǺȻҡҡͷȻһӣıĵСһ߶ʱ˫Բǲ֮ɫԭΪҶǲɱģϾǰЩģû뵽Ҷȴ˵Ļᶼ
һСʬ壬Ҷûаֲʵ˵ǰЩԥģԥҪҪɱǰŮˣϾǰǺЩꡣһ뵽Ů˵һκĶ֣Ҷûڰԥˡ
Թµˣ˭ͻ˭ǰҲ⣬͸˵Ůˡ
һӣСʬ屻ս˹֮СȻС챻ɱŮ˵ʵǷǳģֵּϽ䲻⣬ҪɱԷǸܵġ
ˣʺū
ɨΧһۣҶóһ鳬Ʒʯ˻ȻһʧԭءûгƷʯҲһδ߶ֵģҪ֪ղŴ߶ֵ㽫˸ɣ
Լʵ̫֮УƮҶĵ


СĻȼˣˣŮӳ
ĬΣȻѾҰҵУȻҲһ鶼ء
Ҫǰȥ𣿡Ůӵ
㿴һۺŮӣȻùãӽͲҪְҵˡҲҪڲ֮£ùǱֻù뿪ˡ
Ůɫһ䣬漴ɬһЦʱ˿̣Ļװ˼
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վ⣬ߵſʱŲһ٣ùѵ˽ȥɱ˵õĳԼδı֮⣬ΪϼҴʲôôûкôû˿ĺôҰյɢ֪ùÿ϶Ϊƴ󣬲ıǣԭǿԲسıģڣҰҲ൱ڶһ·ڣȫûˡ
˵꣬һֵʣµҪηˣ

һ䶴Ѩ֮УҶڵأǰվĪĪѾﵽ߾ƷҲﵽ߾ƷǶҶ˵ūʵ̫һЩͬߣū϶ܹɨģ߾ūͲˡ
ҶȴûΪūǱǾ޴ģһ˽߾˵ʵضһ߾ǿࡣ
һᣬҶһӣյС֮СС֮㣬˵츳бضܹѸʵ
յСкҶֽСʬ彻˽顣һ߾ɱֵĽūȻȻЩðգϾ߾֮仹Щ࣬һܹ߾Ľūֵһԡ
һҶڵأó鳬Ʒʯ˻Ȼʼڵľվ̫ˣǿСУ޷ֿ߾ܹ֮նɱ߾ΪԴ߶һܷӳһ
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ǰС죬ҶһȻСü֮СҪģշ⽣ū⽣ūӡӡǡɹǾʹԺһ֣ʧܡ
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Ůһӣнɫӭ籩ǣһɴСĽɫһڣҶݺײ˹ȥ

ҶҴ⣬һУǽС˫ǽնʱ˿ߵĽ˿ǽɫȻײʱռһҶ˲õسɢ
һĻŮк֮ɫһ߾Ľ𣿾ȻĵؽƷȥãֻǵĽû˿Ľӳ֣Ӧû⣬Ȼ
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һѾ߾ƷĹͷԴʱ˳ȥ
صɱ¾⣬ɨͨͬߣûһ
սҶתһԣ𣿡


478 Ůӣ
һŮӳҶǰŮ֮ǰͷߵǶҩ
ʵŮõĸʲôͷõҶֻɽһЩ鼮Ͽȴûۼû뵽ȻطˡҶԷļƺͣƷϵģȻҲŮˣ
ǷʦҩҶУһöֻзʦܹʶͷ֮𡣿磬㲻ħˣӦǴ߹ĿģӦòħǰ򣬶𣿡

ҶƤһŮǳɾˣȻ³ԼҪȥĿĵءŮ˵ǻĲϦ֮°
ؽ⣬߾ʵ߾ֻһܹǾǽʣӦþǽҶ˰ɣҩֵ
ʱ̫Ǻ£Ҷ˫΢УǰŮ̫ЩЩɵˡ
ҩ΢΢һЦӦܹΪѵģΪйͬĵˣ
ͬĵˣҶüʵ
ҩߵҶǰҲ㣬һЩ¶˽⡣ǰû´Ӧȥֹ޿Ǭͼɣ
һҶ˲ս˶ҩĲϣȴûа취ɫ෴Ц⣬ֻɫ̫԰ףЦԵЩ졣
ңС㣬ƺʶɣǰŮҶܵһ˿ΣգЩΪֻҪһӣǰŮ˵ԴͻңȴǶŮ˲˼ɵĸо
Ҫô˵𣿡ҩҶ·֮ĶԻƽ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻ˲սСڿԻشҵ˰ɣɱ˵ҵѾħˡ
Դ˻ն֮Ľ󣬴ں棬ǰ򣬵ӵִ˵ں棬ұͨһЩϵӵϡֻû뵽ҩȴǼˣҩ
ô֪Ҫȥֹ޿Ҷ
ΪҲ޿ҩ˻Ҫһͳ򣬾ͱضҪǬͼΪǬͼܹͳһ硣жԣȻǬͼӳ⣬Ҫǰħԡ˵⣬ҩ΢΢һЦ˵ȥ
ҶĬΣȻС˵йͬĵˣǺ⣿
ǵž̸Ϊ˶ãħڵ˿ܾͻ⡣ΣҩЦ
ҶСûŮ˵Ǽž֮п𣿡
ڣһҪ𣿡ҩգգ۵
Ҷ
Ҷ붡ҩ뿪ãŮ˳С
ˣΪ׵һɨΧһۣȻŮСߣ˵ǰؽ⣬õĻǵ
磬һƭ㲻ɣ˻ɣŮЩõ
ɫصӦûˣӦþĽʣҲֻ˰ؽ⣬ֳֵ˵彣˲գû뵽ħֻǲ֪ΪҪҵչأȻܹŪˣ
磬ô죿Ů
ڣأЩϧˣȻסǶԴŮضܹͶڣûⶡҩʣǾʧȥ붡Դ̸еʸԶҵʵ˷ǱضǷ񱨸ԣʱǱ뾡ڣأ˳
ûзԣŮȻЩʣҲûҷԣµ˵ͷʧԭء
ž롣
ҹһҸ߿գµԣΪžһ㱡ɴ
һյϣһ𾲾ȼգӳҶ붡ҩɫ΢졣
ûѡУΪ˶ʲô˰ɣҩ
Ȼش֮ǰɣΪζ˵йͬĵˣĪǶļ޿ҲʲôޣҶŮ̫ЩΪʲôΪŮǰоûˡ
ҩ΢΢һЦħħڣڣڣĴΪǿΪ฽ӹ죬ұڵǻ߾ǿߡħǿĻҶңΪҶӵ߾ǿߣħĴֻħʮ֮
ô˵ħЩŶҪҶɫġҶҲûʣһЩ죬ЩȥڣûֹǡҲΪˣҶЩദĶ㲻ֱ˻ʳݰűƻ
޿Ѿħ֣Ҷʵ
ҩ˵ͷ˻ƳҶңϣҶҸҿ˲ƵҶҾܾˡ
ΪʲôҶʵ˻ڼж۹һЩ֧֣㶡ƺûɾܾɣ
Ϊһˣҩ˶ҶĪ飬˵ҶͶ޿δض֣֮ԣû취Ҷֻܾܾ޿ˣ
Ϊһ˵һ仰ǾͷˣҶ㵵
ҩҶһۣȻɲͨˣӣӦɣ
Ҷһ飬ôû
˵㶡Ͷ޿Ҷʵ
ҩ˵ͷ˭һҰҾأҶҾܾ޿ʱûзѣֻ˵ҶҶ࿼ǿǡֻڿʵѾˡû´ħڵӦѾͶ޿ȻһٸҲǲҶҶֵģ
⣬ҶˡͬʱЩů⣬Ϊ˾ڰȻⶡҼпѾͶ޿ⶡͶ޿Զħ˵ȥֹ޿ˣܴܲﵽһ⣡
Ӧòħ޿ɣҩȻ
ԶҵʵҪЩţӦòʲô°ɣҶ
ȷʵѣ޿ǣǿɾ˵ˡҩ
ǵ£Ҷҡҡͷ֪ǰŮʲô˼޷ˮƽʱл޿鷳ⶡҡڣǾ仰ǬͼҪġ
һ޿õǬͼշħû壬ΪԷʱջȥ
ߣȻ޿УҲ뱻˵ǹʹ
ӾͲҶͶ޿𣿡ҩ
ҶһЦȻ£ΣѵΪ㶡Ͷ޿Ҫ㶡õǹʹܴܶİģҺǣⲻסҵ˼ͳԶˣ㶡ҪȥͶ޿㣡
ӹȻ紫ǰ㣬ԶΪأҩ
𣡡
ʱžɽԶͻȻһŭ漴Ҳ·Ҫѿһ㡣
ҶҵޣҶҵǿߵˣҩ˵һ䣬ֻȴһĨ֮ɫ


479 ֣
Ҷ붡ҩǰһͬСɽôĺɫܡʵ̫Ҷ붡ҩ˻ûһֺֻ
һһǺɫܵļԾҩʱһĨɭȻǶҩʱɫҲ΢΢һ
ߺܿ¶һЦݣҩû¾ͺãɵøˣߣħڵǵ죬ȻҴ⣬ģضΪڶţ˭ĿҶϡ
ύѣҩ壬Ҹأ
ĿҶ˻Ȼһ̾㸸Ϊ˸㣬ħڵǿߵˣԲѡţڶݴһְˣ˵ЩˣǻضҰɣģжڣ˭Ҳ˺㣡
ߵĻҩֽգһߣĬһᣬ壬ԭΪü֮λҲ޴һǸ߹̣Ϊ˼֮λ㾹ȻҵѵΥ˽ԹˣͼıңͲ潫ѹڣó𣿡
ҩʲô˼Եɫһ䣬ŭ
߰˰֣ҩɻôϻ۹ˣҲû㡣ڣǹԹԸߣǶɱ㣿ʵ˵岢ɱ㣬ΪҴ󲿷ֵĲҵҪû취Ҫ˵ơΪʲôͲܱһأ
Ҹˣҩʵ
ģˡû뵽Ȼܹ֧ŻصңЩ͹ˡصңκβܲѹһˣǺǡЩЦ
еô죡ʱһԵͻȻ
ߵɨҶһۣȻ˲ģǾȥɣ
һһͷ˳ȥ
ͷȻҶġ
һնͷҶһǶҩʧԭءʱҶкǱΪҿ϶Ů˰ٷ֮׼֣һʵ˵ܲϲƣû취ܲŮˣΪ˵̸֮У֪ŮˣνĶңܾˡ
ߣԾħڵһģ߿ѾͶ޿ԣþŮˣȻһ߳ɹƿʲôңҿͶ޿Ļ
ҶãŮǰ̸ܾǹģ֪ڶҵĴ
ĻҶЩ
ԣЩ͵Ŀһʬ壬ع˫۶ȻһҰб˳Сˣ飬ҶɱĲΪˣ
ѾӳҶŭʱҡҡͷȻͷ˻еŮӣǲǺܵ⣿
㲻ܹնɱ߾ǿΪʲôҪܣҩʵ
Ҷһ飬͵ڶҩβһƣŭ߾Ʒǿ߰߻һͷޣأҲ߾Ʒ㵱޵еİʲôɣŲҰ㶪ɽҰУ
ҩŭҶؾҵȻҶǰƨɣŮӶŭ
Ҷɫһ䣬죬㣬ˣ㲻Ǻܴ𡣿취ȻܾҪˡ˵ã򲻵ѵʱһ㶪£ȻԼȥġ
ҩŭҶ˵ŭš
ҶЩŮˣǿϦеһƴ
㻹벻㸸ףҶ㶪£а˳ɵİտߣ㱻Ҷ£мɵİտߣһɶûУǾ͸Ͽ취
ҶĻҩɫÿһЩĬһᣬɱ򵥣ֱӡ
ҶǾһ飬ȥɱ
ɱҴŵص۹޵۹ˣһԿ޿ǽˣ޿õǬͼȻ۹ͨӽ޷ﵽΪħеľҶҵƿ֮Уҩ
Ҫô㣡ҶЩ⶯ΪŮ˵ĻôǶ޿Ԯƾ޿ɻţҪͳһǳ˵Ρе㲻ŮˣŮ̫һСģܾͻᱻԷˡ
޿ѾҶҳ֣ǲɱҸףҸȨҶҿͶ𣿡ҩ
ɻһλᣬ㲻˵ңôǸˣֻܽ㶪ˡҶԾŮˣ뱻ԷãԣŮʵʵĳ⣬ǲŶԷġ
ңҸôң˵Ҫңҩ
Ҷ
飬Ҷ
ʱҶĿռһҲɫĶҶʮɿ⡣


480 ƣ
һ޸ƿһ⳯Ҷ޸;֮ռ䱻˺ѣһѷ˿С
ҶͫһϼһʵȻǿּǿߣܹԿģط߾Ȼطǿ͸֧͸֧Ǳġ
޸ٶ̫죬סҶϢҶ޷ҶһĨɫһǽУ˲ӿǽ֮ϣһǽ϶͵ؾһ

һڳкȻҶǽսӴǾ޸һɾǽʹҶֻ۾һ漴ҶɾϮ£еĶҩֱӵ˳ȥֱɳɺͣ
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ԭΪھûﵽ߾ӦҲܹԿ߾Ʒǿߵģ֣ˡڵ޷Կ߾Ʒϵǿߡ
ԼĵŬ˰ҶеĻ˵Ǹ粻Ľ뽣򣬻Щ޷ӳӦеԣ̲ݻ
Ҷ棬ҶԼһһĨ㵣ǰһȻûȫҲ߳ɵʵһ߾ƷϣԼ߳ʵһǺܿ죬бǱǣǰʲô춼ˣ
ǰĿΨһĶӰֻһ⣬ĶӾǰһ뵽⣬磡
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һŭȣһգۼҶǰо޸һĸâβͣЯſֲѹҶ˺¡޸£Ӱ˲ֶסҶ˰ɷΧ
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һҶ֮򣡡
Ҷе£ʱ·ֹҶʮɷΧڵЩӰʱԭأǱ޸ҶͷʮִҲ䲻ȥҶɫƵزҰͣһ˲һ̣Ҷȵ飡䣬Ӱ˲ɢС
ɫ䣬ž޸һ˰ɿ⣬Ҷǽ㣬㾿˭
䣡
ĽҶ󣬽һɿҶֱʧҹɫСɵӲŻʱȥصϼһ⣬ڶҶ˵·û˷ȥ˲սȥԸԷΪʱ˲Ҳնɱ˶Էģ͵ϮȻ˷ѣ
򡭡֮ôܣӲʮͣô򡣡ͣԭأ벻˼飬ǰֹһʣǽʾǽͨһ˽⣬ѵˣ
ܿ죬ٴαǣǽʻϷҪң䣬һҶȥķ׷˹ȥ

û뵽ϾȻܹ߾ʵԿ߾УҶеĶҩҶ
ǿûʩչռȻҿܾҪ㶪ˣҶǵĴҲˣɱǲˡ취ɣȻǿҪһӱϼһ׷ˡ
ҩĬһᣬȥңȻǶҵĴ峤ҲŶҳֻ֡Ҫǻصң͵Ͷʱ취ԸüӿٶˣȻڵٶȣǿܻûžҪ׷ˣ
ȥħҶҡҡͷ
Ϊʲôҩ⡣
ħڵңˣÿһ˶Ǹϼһ𣿡Ҷ
޿ɱģҩʵ
¶ˣҶȥħϼһʵ϶ܹңʱǾˡԣİ취ɡ
ûа취ˣҩھ·һɱǶ󣬶ɱǣЭʲôľͲҪˣɱΨһĶӣ޿ҲŹġԣʣóȫʵɵɣ
Ϊʲôô϶ܹɱҶͷŽߵŮӣЩ棬ŮƺģԼģ
һ߾Ʒ߾ܹɱ㣬ҶҲܻˡ޿ҲͲɳ߾ƷϵǿԸˡ֮ԲɱǶ޷ԭһ㲻븶ĳЩۣ㲻뱩¶ĳЩơ򵥵˵㲻ң𣿡ҩ
Ҷؿ˶ҩһۣϣסĳŵȻұ֤ʹҲɱ㣡
ԣҩǲ԰׵΢΢һЦȻ㣡
ҶƤһȻЦЦŮˣ̫˰˺Ҳ֪ǸǻЩҶ쵽˶ҩĺףȻ΢΢˫۶ʱ
Ҷһ˵棬ҩһԡ
պýҩúãǶǳҶ󡣶ҶȻûܣһĨɻ󣬵ôˣ׼𣿡Էܣ϶ԭģ󲻸Ҵ⣬ûеһʱ֡
ҶתŶҡҡͷ·㲻ߣţƫҪɱҿ㾫ʢһͿˣ׷ʹ򣬷Ҫұ㣡
飬ϷΨһĶӣɱϷΨһĶӰϷɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
ֳ־޸һһӰҶ
Ҷ˫΢УǰʱҶҽ͵̤أŭȵ֮򣡡
䣬ζʱһ٣ٶȳʱɫһ䣬ȻС⽣򣬵ӿһӣâ丫ͷ֮мЩâ֮Ǳһصɢޡ
һĨ׼ٴγ֣ʱ˹س˳У˳֣󾪺Ϊ֣˾Ȼ߾ǿߣ
һŶȥɫ䣬һȻЩ٣СذڶǰһѪۡ
У񿴹һۿҶ߾ǿߣܣ㣬ôֵģԣǲǻˣ㣬㾹Ȼܹٿ߾ǿߵĿܣ㵽ôġ
ȥӰɣ
Ҷһɫϻһ貵Ľ⣬漴ıֱӳ˶ܡ
һ̣ıѸһתʱռ˲䱻֮֡УȻһĲҽ
ҽҶжʱһȻʱͻǽ֮ͻȻһӰӰǶ󡣴ʱȫ鲼˽Ѫģѧϰ
ӳ󣬿ҲҶֱ˺ѿռ䣬ԶӶȥ
һĻΪ͸֧ʹɫҰ׵Ҷɫһ䡣


481 Ķҩ
ʱĶǼ־֣𾪵⽣ʾȻܹ߾ǿߣǿ߾ǿ߰꾿ģУôӵıǵֵҶչֳʵǰһƷףʱѾǽʳˣ
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뵽ǰıչֳ鲻ԽشһʱѾû˱뷨ûСڣֻӣӵԽԽãԶС
ʱ
һؽⶸȻ˶üǰȻڶǼҪ͹ۿ˫֮УüĴһ
ôܡңʣģ
˫Բǲ֮ɫֱҲ޷ˣһһ߾С
ܿ죬ûɫʣԿˤȥ
ԶǶҶһӣСյС֮УȻһ̱˵ϣУǿɬ֮ɫһΣ͸֧ԼڣһָͷûУǻһƬ·ݺһһ
ԭΪ߾ǿ߼ӽҪӦǿɱ˶Էġǵ͹߾ƷǿߵʵȻ˶ԷǶԷȴǻܣû뵽ġ
𣿵ȻܣԷ֪ܣöԷߣߣҲŻɽɱ˶Է´ζԷ׼Ҫڳ䲻⣬һɱԷǾͷǳˣ
ʱСȥ׷ɱԷȻѾˡû취ֻܶ˲սٴζ˲սĸɸɾͽ˶˸ɡ
͸֧о޴˺ģڣۻܶ⣬嶼·Ѿˡ
ʱԶĶҩͻȻ˫ۡҩһܣĿԶҶϣҶڵϣҩüͷһ壬Ҷѵˣܿ죬ҶϢвһ
ҶǾʹǶˣ
ҩվȻҶȥ
ܵҩԼҶһԼ⸱״̬ŮҪǶԼ֣Լ׸
ģ֪ղž͸ص㣡ҶвһȻоŮ˲֣Լڱ˵СϧҲû취
ҩߵҶߣȻҶ˺ء
Ҷ
ҩ˫°ͣ۾һ˳˳ҶȻҲ֪㵽ʲô취ɱǶ󣬵ǲò˵ȷʵ˲޿ˣĲءţôңҪ˵ʲô𣿡
ԼһûСĳƷʯòҶ˵Ů˸ʯȻָ塣ǴʱûˡҶѾԺĲ͸֧ˣĸоʵǲˣ
ʲôҪ˵أ㲻˵ô֪Ҫʲô˵ҲܰʲôȻҿɲ֪ҪʲôҲʲôͲָܻˣ㲻ָܻɽҰУһô죿˵ѽҩգգ۵
Ҷ
û취˵𣿡ҩֵ̫ϧأû취˵Ҿû취ʲôˡֻһأ㲻Ұɣţ㲻˵Ҿ͵Ĭˡ

ҶˣŮ˾Ϊ֮ǰԼƨɶԼȻŮ˵ǻۣﻹԼ͸֧ȣҪָ壿ʲôҶˣ
ҩͻȻסҶգЦең֮ǰ㲻ǺһҿţڵңŲҰˣһʣ񣬿϶ܱɣ
Ҷʲôоֻ֪ڻָʵһҪľǰŮ˵ƨɸסСôˡ衱ͷһΰ
ҩɿҶգȻˣҪ㣬ͻˡҲû㣬ֻ㣬ʲôʱ򣬶ҪˣرһŮˣ֪һʱ嶯⣬ûҵĸܣҲûеģȻҲֵôνˣ
Ҷ
ҩóһ鼫ƷҶȻ߶ǿ鼫ƷʯǼƷʯɢҶա
״Ҷһһ۶ҩĵŮˣ˼
ҩĿҶԱ˲սҶһݣŮ˲ɱ˶ᱦɣϧȻգ̫̫ˣ͸̶֧ٵյ鼫ƷʯҲ˵Ҫһʱж
Ů˴ģΣˣ
ŮջĿ⣬Ҷǲ룬һ᲻ɱ˶ᱦʵ˵ЩĶءҶңҲһأ
Ҷ
ҩҶĿ֮Уס˲սҶһŮ˲Ҫɱ˶ᱦɣŮ˲߾ҿಡʵӦòƵԼɣҪ˲սԼǾ˵ˡ
ҩû˲սҶǽ˲շҶУȻֽҶתҶϣţҶԶȥ
Ҷ
ǶһֻޣǰֻܡǰΪ׷ɱǣԼֻܣȻ˺ѿռ䳯׷ֻܿ϶ǶϢģԣǱ뾡뿪طȻֻܸͻΪˣҩ
ԣҶе˵ͷŮ˵еֻ׵ǣŮΪʲôʩչأ÷ɵܱߵĿѣ
֪Ҷ뷨ҩֵȻҴﵽ߾ΪһЩԭȴǲܴ߶ΪʲôԺ˵ˡֻҪֻܱһ㣬ôȻ֪Ƕضһ׷ɱǣʱֻûָĻ֪ģ
Ҷ˷ۣŮ˼ֱǳɾˣ·׳棬̫̬ˣ
𣡡
뿪Լʱ󣬼ž֮ͻȻһŭţž붼һ
Ҷһݣֻ֪ܿ϶Ƕʬ塣ǴޣвǻۣԷ϶ٻҪʱָܹжֻǻָжѡ
ܿ죬Ҷ˸о濪ʼҲҶֻ֪ԽԽˡ

ҩҶȻһ漴һҶ㻹ɱͷܣҾͼ޸㣬ôڣĲء
Ҷ


482 
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ҩһĨӣȻǽʡһƺţСħҾƺŸأ

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껵ĸǸʮӢһ߾һƷǿߡؼңʵȻġҩĹϵؼҵĵλߣɷҲ껵ϵĵλߡ
껵ĻӢҩ⺢ִģǸˣӦˡûϵҴȥӦþûʲôˡǸеģߣȻҶ껶ɱ֣ҩѣҲŹҡ
ĸףǸˣǿһԣ껵ͻȻ㱻ɱءңĽʣңǻǲҪ˰ɣۼҶʵģҶֱڶˡ߾Ʒʵնɱ߾ûİ
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ŮʱЩί˵ʲôӢȴǰ˰ֵ˭ҪɱҶӣҶŹġ֪ͨȥؼ߲ˣҵˣ㱨ؼҵ͵ô꣬ɱҾͲҩΪһң
ԣ껶ʱһϲԼĸ֧֣ҪɱǶҩǰ϶ˡߣ˲ǺԼĸ𣿵ʱԼ˽ȫץȻˣǺֱ顣
뵽ֻ棬Ƕʱ¶˿Цݡ
ʱϢǱؼҡţؼҵһ߾ƷǿĪԼķ֮С


486 ֮£
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ҶҲŮˣô껣ͻȻ߼ѸٶҶüͷһ壬ģһһ껿粽û롣

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Ҷ͵һ껵ĸ߶ʱ˫ۼ͹ۿΪˡ

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Ҷ׼˵ʲôȴǰ˰֣ȻҶɴľ޴߱ߵԭ̻Ĵǽֹ̤ģϷ˲ּ㼱ȥ֮ģһ档ͻȻһˣ˿϶ỳɣϷŪһݣϷֶ𣿡
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ҶҶһСݣҶס棬ҪܣȻԼȥСݲ󣬷һЩȻһСݡҶҲ⣬ڵϣȻʼڣһʱ䶼Ը˷ѣֻҪʱ䣬
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ι𣿡
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ԷɫûʲôҶ˵ͷЩЦû뵽Ͼô󣬾Ȼ˳šҲǣϾΪŮӣȴҲȲϵģŮ˳Ҳ
Ҷͷǡꡱ˷ˣãҰСϳݵˡˣ˵ǽҶҲʯȹ£ǲģ
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Ҷӵһĵǽ޼ˣŮԣЩ˷ܵ
ǺǣΪʣ˶λ߾ǿߣȴֵܹ˵ȻݲȡҺհҪ֪ͣ߾ǿ߿Ҵ˵أ˵
ʮΪ߾ǿߣ߾ƷλݣħڣӦ˵޿ǿҰҶ
û취Ȼֻ߾һ߾ɲ֡ôǰȻһɱκεĻᡣڣɱΣǳ֣ýʣʬǶ޴ˣ˵


491 
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ʮ߾ϰλ߾ݡôӣ
ʱ˿̣ҶٴһС̫̫࣬ǿԼվ̫˰
ɱҾͲˡԪֻ̧𣬿ռһ󲨶

ʱŮԵͻȻվ˳
ҶһۣȻֿһŮһۣ뵽ʲôǶʱһĨЦݡ
Ůüͷһ壬ʲô
УԪҹӣҶ֮£ҹӲҪ֡
ЦЦǰģûҪҶ˼ֻ˵Ҷǵʣ˫˵һ֮нǿߡԴˣҶǲˣԱԣϾҪˣΣûлˡԣǰܹȫ
ҪսҶԪ㵵
˵ͷȻ
Ԫ忴һۣ֪ǰһҶλɱҶ߻ҶôֱضԼħֻսʤҶǲҶܹսʤҶģΪҶôսʤôҲͲôˡ
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ԥҶϳ֣һɺâڳ𣬺âЩˮײһ𣬡䡱һˮ˽俪
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ŮӵĻ΢΢ɣڼŮʱ˶ʱڳɣӿ뺣ܵķϣʱһ۹ٳ
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̫ļƷʯˣʹҶҲоʹãǻģ
ƺ̻ĺʧԶԪɫѿû뵽һʧ¾Ȼ
׷ʯ֧Ų˶õģ
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˵˵ͷȻֱ˺ѿռ䣬Ҷ׷˹ȥ
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ӣԷҵܵܣŮӵ
ҶΧһۣҶڷܵܣǿ϶һӵϣ԰ɣߣǲҳ֣ǾܹӹЩ˵׷ɱԣϣҶｫ͵ȫĵط
ҶôߣҶŭԼǵĻƾʲôҪƨɣ㲻ǺԼȥ
͡
ҶؿֶһһѪҶɫְ˼֣


492 壡
ҶҲб·ſңˣǹƽսһҶŭ
ڲ죬ҰýֿҶ俴Ҷһۣ߶ʱͣȻ֣
ӣǼƷʯ֧ٶȵ򡣶ңǺڵ󷨣ÿһӾҪһöƷʯԣ뿪ããϣӵʵһ߻ᣡŮӵ
ҶҡҡͷҶСˣãã󺣣ޱ޼ʣغޣ뿪ʮġû취ֻҶС㻤ҵһȫĵطˡ
ΪŮӿҶ
ҶЦЦеĽҶĲϣҶеģ𣿡ڵȻܷҶֻҪҶúЩˣǰЩƺ̻˾ͲŹ
ӣȻҶ˵ĺֶΣ֪һԹˣɱˣġֻӣƺ̻ƺûɣ㣬е㲻ɣŮӵ
ûǣҶЦЦҶѵˣܵȶҳֵġɱ˵û˵ңҶˣ֮û˵ңֻԼʵˡԣҶڷϻˣȻܵܵĲҪˡ
ŮӵӣҪ赲Щ߾ǿߣҪļƷʯ빥󷨣ǴʱѾûмƷʯڹӣ빥󷨾ͽʧЧԣû뿪ȻɱҵܵܣҲû취
ҶŮӰΣûгɱҶ֪Ů˵Ӧò١Ͼ˭һܹƷʯʯͷһá£ҶһӣһöƷʯŮǰʯֻҪӿٶȣҴﵽͿԡñˣʲôȻܵĻģ
ŮһĨ죬óһöƷʯɲһܹóġǰҶȻôУЩȡûѡֻܰҶ˵
ڿԷſ˰ɣҶŭҶʱǺܱģΪû뵽ȻֻһоͰˡһоͰ˰̫ˣ
ܱô޴𣿡Ҷ
Ҷ̫Ҷŭɽҡ
ҶеĽѹѹҶĲӣҾ۸㣬ô
㡭ҶѪĳ嶯
ʱҶȻתͷԶֻӰں⼸Ԫˣ׷ţҶЩˡһϵĸһ˶ʱסҶĲӣŸ˲սҶӿ
ҶҪʲôҶǳ˳飬ʵ˵ЩηҶˡΪǰһǶͶֵģҶ⸱ӣԾҪֵİʱЩǰӲˣֻϣҶҪ裬ĨĲӡ
ҶѾ˵ˣ㻹ҪôŮԵĳֽŭ
Ů˫΢УɱⱩӿ
ҲŭҶǰСϴʱҲǺݺݵصҶҶ̫ˡ
Ҷûйˣӿ˲սؽҲǼӳ˲սϣʱҶʱоһɳѹҶд󾪣ڿؽ⣬ҶҲֻǲһضѣΪʲôҶĽǿôࣿ
ܿ죬ҶĿ˾ʮһ߾ƷϡˣҶһĨâһ̣˲սǰ͵һ壡
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ҶǰҶֶµָҶ˵ʲôʲôҲû˵ֻɵ֮ɫ
ҶŮӣԱߵļλ߾ǿߴʱҲɵ֮ɫǰֻҶܹԽնɱ߾ǱϾǴ˵ûۼڣǿۼİһ߾ǿߣǰҶ߾Ʒ
ﵽ߾߾֮У˭ܹ赲ס
УʱԪ˵ɫҲǼѿû뵽ҶȻʱɱһǿߣͬʱҲļɵҶֻ̫߾Ʒﵽ߾ɱԼɱϣ
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Ԫԥ£Ȼ֣ӦûмƷʯ󷨣һ֡Σţ
Χ˵˵ͷȻһź˹ȥ
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УԪ󾪣Χ߾ǿɫ䣡
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Ԫһֱӳɿ⣬˷ӦҲæǳǰȴûü˸ţ䣡
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ԪɫЩҲû뵽ƺ̻ᾹȻмƷʯĿǰΪֹƺ̻ѾİöƷʯ˰İöƷʯƺ̻˾ȻôУ־óİöƷʯҪ֪Ҳû취óô༫Ʒʯ
߾ǿߣԪ˲׳ˡȻʮ߾ǿߣǿɲԼȥĶԷûмƷʯ
һĻҶ˿ȻóһöƷʯ˻￪ʼաֻҪкڣмƷʯЩ߾ǿ߶ûʲôв෴ģܹʱʱ͵ϮԷ
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Ҷһ飬ɫ֮ͽ˭ڰܻԼ
ŮӺݺݵһҶȻҶҶ˰֣ȻóһųƷƷҶϡҶ˵ĻȻöԷȥ
ųƷƷŮŲ֮ɫĿҶһۣ⽣ʣǺء
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493 Ҷİ飡
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ô㲻ħͷɱ㣿Ҷһ۰СϣЩЦ
ҶĻСϳ˼Щ䱸ĿҶٶҶô
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Ůӻ˵ʲôʱҶͻȻܾ֪ܵûˣ
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Ҳ㽻ǵģҲģҶԼģҪȥģҴӦģһ㣬㣬壬ֻҪ㲻壬Ժʲôģʲôġ
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룬ҶҲ֪˭ͨˣҲϻˣҶһӣһöƷʯܵĲۿʱٴγӴ󾪣μһΧһЩ庣ȴûٶȣ˲䱻
ҶȱľǼƷʯҪ֪СڣҵĳƷʯһöƷʯ൱һöƷʯжټƷʯϣ˱е
ҶһӣöƷʯŮǰʹǣЩ鶼Һģúõĺ޲Ҫȥ޿߹ɣ
ҶóöƷʯƺֱ̻飬ǰһﵽǶǮŮҲƤһΪʹΪƺ̻һɶҲû취Ҷ־óô༫Ʒʯģ
ôΣǽˣҲð㽻ȥˡԼĵܵܣȻ۰ģҲδʹһ
˼Ʒʯϵ󷨾ûͣϢܲϼȥΧЩĺ޶ʱһƬæĺ˿ڿš
֮УԪ˿·һĻһϲΪǾãضƺ̻ʯ⼸ȥƺ̻ļƷʯӦҲˡǲƺ̻˳ŻǧöƷʯ
ԣⲨǾͻ֣
ҶǮ
Сϲ֪ʱҶԣȴûп̫ȻҶħͷǼɵģ
𣿡Ҷ
Сæ˰ֵûһȥҪСһС˵©죬Ҷ֣æֳʮˡ
Ҷ˷ۣŮˣȻ
ʱЩʧͬʱԪٴγ֣


494 䣡
Ԫ˸ս뺣ɷΧڣʮٴγ𣬳Ԫ˼ȥЩԪɫһ䣬ԱߵǾ룬æ˺ѿռ䳯źȥûüУֱӱޡ
ôмƷʯ
Ԫ壬㲻˵ûмƷʯ𣿡
Ԫ壬Ҫ𣿻˵ħҪŵʵ

ŵ߾ǿ߽ŭԪ塣Ԫ߾ƷǿߣǺĹȻЩвȴǶЩ˾ͲͬˡǱûдﵽ߾Ʒֹûз
ô֪ǻмƷʯԪŭǣǿħҲ߾ǿߣ
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߻һħڵŮһ߾ߣ˽վȻҲȥˡ
Ԫ忴ߣѷӦ֪׷ɱҶ˭µҶ׷ųе𣿡
ħϰѷΪǲ֪ħôŵǣԺΪħĵһţͷڣħȻҪƴˡԪ壬ҲϻˣҲǲڳˣѾ߾ǿߣ׷Ҳ˵ǣ
ԪɫЩѿĿһԱڣڵˣҲڳ֣
ڵһϣԪ壬ǲ֣ڸѾû취ԸҶɣԪܹƳƺ̻ĺĹ󷨣ھΣ
ҲͬڵһҲԪ壬ֻҪܹƳ󷨣Ը׷ɱҶ㲻ƵǱȭˣϾѾ˺ܶ߾ǿˣҲǶһĴ
Ԫɫͳˮ׷ɱҶʱħѾҪҶɱȥʱҲ߾Ʒһʮλ߾ǿߣݣѾһˡɱһ߾Ʒϣ׾٣
ʵֻϡһŻҪѶԸԪЩΪʲôҪɱҶˡɳʹҲɵޱȰɣԼܽ»ħڻԼʧɣ
ʧνŵĶ¾Ҫˣ
ˣԪ岻ԥһƺ̻ảϿգƺ̻ˣҶҶҪɱˣ˰Ͳµ룬ҶĸӦǲ޳ҶڵΪɣ
Ůӵ붦۹ΪУǰҲˣҵܵܵҶû취Ҳò˵
ԪɫһȻǾͱϷ򲻿ˣ
䣬Ԫֶ·ĺ͵ؾһ£һɴֶ·ˮֱҪû
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ҶŮӣ΢ɣȻٴ󷨣ɲǼ䣬ʮ𣬳Ԫ弤ȥ
ԪһĨٴζ·͵һģʮ˲䱻ĳޣǻжʮȴٶȲԪǰԪɫ΢䣬˫ֳǰһ죬Ȼȵռ
Ȼԭأ
·Ҷɫ΢ٴһӣһöƷʯŮǰ䣬
ŮӿһҶȻٴ󷨡
ǼʮԪɫ䣬Ӳӣ˸˺һߣϷ쵹ҪǵжټƷʯ˵ţһ¡
Ҷò˵ԪʵǷǳǿģһ֮ȻܹԿ⺣󷨣ҲóԷɡЩɱǺֲܿģʹԪ߾ƷһҲˣ
Ҷ֪ԷԼǵļƷʯΪһû˼ƷʯôҲǵˡǣû
ҶȻ༫ƷʯҲ뱻Էôģе˲սҶٴӿҶľٶҲƺ̻˷ˡƺ̻һ飬ҶѵնɱԪ岻ɣҪ֪Ԫ߾Ʒǿ߰
֮ϣԪҲע⵽ҶľٶԪƤһҶǱصĵȻǼɵģǽƽʱ˷ȻĶ⽣ĹڣӦЩѾЩƣˣĻܹҶĹ
·Ҷ˲ջ̧Ԫɫ΢䣬ڳɣǰһμֱʧԭء
ƺ̻㵣ôˣ߾Ʒǿߣôˣ
ҶҲЩ㵣ԷôˣҲãʡ˷Ҫ֪ÿһ˲սĿɶǾ޴ģ
Уѷ˿Ԫߣҡҡͷڳɣħ⣬߾ǿ߽˺ѿռ䣬ֱȥƿǺ󷨣һôû㲻ã
ԣڼԪ˺Ǻԥѡȥ
ѷȥԪɫЩѿԭЩһֵģΪãҶ˵ļƷʯѾ˼ޣֻҪЩһ֣ļ֣Ҷ˱ɡû뵽Щ˾Ȼкȫˣ
һȺԪŭ
ԪϣڻҪ𣿡ԪԣŮʵʵҲߵģΪʱǸûа취ɱҶ㲻ãὫԼû취ħڵˣԪû˽ȥ
ĬΣԪҡҡͷаյ·̣ʹﵽˡȺһ꣬Ǹ޷ҵѾʧȥɱûˡǻȥ֪ͨ˵ɱʧˡ
Ԫ㲻ȥŮʵ
ԪкâһһҪ˻ȥɡ
Ů˵˵ͷ˺ѿռ䣬ʧԭء
·ĺԪɱ⡣ҶǷɱɣΪ˻޿ŵֻҪɱҶΪ۹ĻʼҹΪ۹ĹǺôǶģ˵ģÿµһټƷʯѾĶˣ
ߣҶеǱҲĶˡǵϣţ߾ǿ֮УûĶ֣
·ҶֻʣԪһˣǶʱ¶һĨЦԷȥҲֻգǶԷȻһǵһˣ˰
ҶſҶߣȻһ׷ǵģ䣬ҶĽһɿʧԭأŮӵ˻ģΪЩ岢ûȥҪԿЩ壬ƺ̻˾ͱ
УԪ忴ǰҶ΢΢һ㶣ǰһԼ
Ǻܿ죬ɫͱˣΪΧˣ


495 ˣ
ݣ
͸ռ䣬˲ԪǰԪɫ΢䣬ɲס׼ʱռԪɫٱ䣬Ȼ֪ǿռԵʣһֹһռ
ƾ̶ֳȵĿռҪסԼ
Ԫвм˫ֳ͵һƣһͬС˵Ŀռ˲䱻ȥǸҲһƻˣ
ʱԪȴͫһϳǰδе֮ɫ
Ϊܣ֪ʱıı໥֮䱻һţΧСȻܹһ۾ͿıǵıڻһоΣյĸоĽ
жٵ
Ԫŭ˿⣬ӿ׼֣ʱܵıͻȻתıĿתֶΧУԪɫ䣡
󣡡
⣬ҶŭҶɫҰȴǺ֮ɫ·ڵϣһ㱡ĽɫĤֶ
Ҷ£ΧԪЩⶸȻһͣһ̣͵ػһԪռ˲ѷ측ֶ͸˵ĺɫ
Ҷϲû¶ɵ飬෴ɫԽ
ȥɣ
ʱԪԽ֮е˲ҶǰһҶǰϣޱȵâԪʱЩǱѾһƬ¶˳뱩¶ЩƤϣѪܵĽۣ
ʱԪǴЦݵģЦݡΪôľ룬˵Ҷͬ׵ǿ߶ܶҲ˵ҶɡҶһҶϵЩˣ
Щڣ߾ǿ֮УԳ޵ˣ뵽⣬ԪϵЦݸӲˡ
Ԫûע⵽ʱҶҲǴЦģ
䣡
ԪһҶǰҶ˿ԪЦ̣ǲ˼֮ɫҶЦҶ֪Ļ޷ɱԪ壬˶ԷҪ֪ԪǱǶҪǿϼֵģԣʩչʱѾ˻ʼף
Ԫ룬ʱҶֱϵĸͬһС˲ϡڵȥԪ¶˾飬ʱСͬʱһԪһ
Ԫ˫֮еɫʽɢֻǰлǴ޾Ĳ֮ɫ
ԪҶжʱһ˻ʼףѾĹΪȼ֮ʱ򣬾óһöƷʯڿʼգԲŲǰȫ̱
뵽ǰɱʱǱҶԼǱΪʱܹúüƻһʱ϶ôǱġ
ҡҡͷҶٻ˳ȻԪʬ彻˽飬ԪʵǳʺūȻû취շţܹܿˡ
߾ɣﵽ߾ϣ˻߾Ӧû߾ǿܹ׻ɱˣﵽ߾ҲܹշĽū֮ﵽ߾ʱ˻ʾҲû취ְɱķԸˡ
Ҷ˵ͷͬ˵Ȼܹնɱ߾ǿߣĶǵ뽣ūûе뽣ūǸɲ߾ģͨ߾ǿߡԣ罣˵þ߾ˣ
ҶһȻջеĳƷʯȻﵽ߾ǻҪѭѭһһġ
Ʒʯ侫һ˿˿ʵʵӿҶڣں˨ѡ̭ջ˳žСӿȥǰѾɿݣ壬ڵѪҺʱԾ
Լ˰ʱҶѾָ˲ࡣѾָҶ֣ʱѾһƷﵽ߾Ʒһг߾Ʒƣѹ
ȻҲ뾡ﵽ߾ɲȣʵ̫죬վģرطǿ磬ǴΣоȻû˺ٻӰġԣѭѭһһͣҪġ
γ˶һūһƷʵҶһջǾԪУõһƷֵ֣ģҪ֪ǰԪв㽫ĹĻģ
Ȼǽǻõġ
ҶͣĽһɿֱʧԭء
ƺ̻ảϡ
㣬ҶȥɱԪ壿ŮԣѾѹҶʵҶѹ󣬼Ůӻڣϲڵ֪ΪҶԭʱҶĺøжʱֱ
ӦǰɣŮЩȷʵ˵Ҷȫ߸Ķ塣߾նɱ߾ܹҲָҶնɱ߾ƷԪ壬ôѾܹݵˡ
ԭҾҾսʤӦҲܹսƽֵģû뵽֮ĲྐྵȻôǹ˵İҶ̾ΪˣӦ˵Ϊˣе㿴ߵġԣ֪ҶѾΪʣҲûʲôֱ֮ǰĽ֣ŷ֣Ҷ֮Ĳ࣡
˺ǿ֮УӦ˵֮жġҶԵĺҲ٣֮Ȼв࣬ǻûĵزӦΪĿ꣬Ŭ׷ܹԽԽǿ
ҶЦЦס֣ģҲᱻģ
΢΢һЦסҶ֣顣
С㣬Ҫ𣿡Ůԣֽߵ޿УǲӦþ֮ĶԹ
ŮӵѾˣǰ󷨶Ըħڵ˵ʱѾˡڣǸһϵˣ
ǿԸ˻ʽͣߵ
Ϊ𣿡Ůӵң಻ŶûʲôˡڣҪﳼҪֶԸƺ̻ᡣҪٱѾˣ
ԣҡҡͷƺ̻ԭ˻֮ĶԹģǰҶȻǱȵģ޿ԼС˵ƺ̻Ҫڱˣ
ʱ֮һӰ漴Ҷ˵ǰ
Ҷɫ΢䡣
ҶɱԪ壿Сʵ
ĿҲǿҶ
ҶûлشСϵĻŮӣҶǻжôﵽ򣿡
ŮӿһǰΧЩ岻ǣʱǾܹﵽ򡣵Щǳ֣ǿҪһ졣ΪǿӰˮ򣬻籩
ҶһӣöƷʯŮǰȫ٣һ·ʹ䣡䣬Ҷһ˿УҶ˰סһЩ׺ޣҪЩĺޣ
Ůһ㶣֪ҶҪʲôÿһܾ˵˵ͷһ˿С
״Ҷ˵ͷһڤУԶЩޣҶһĨɫڤ·͵һס
ӽǣȥ޿



496 
ڤ뺣ˮѸӣϢʱ䣬ԲΧһٶɵķΧȫһƬ𺣣ˮ˲һЩϵ͵庣ޣʱĺ޾æźˮߡ
棬һƬǽ壬쳹
һƬ𺣣ƺ̻ɫأҶʱĿ֮Ǽɵ֮ɫŮҲǼɵ֮ɫ뵽һ仰ʣһ򷨣ͬ޵УǰЩţرڽʳʱ
ڣòˣ
Ҹ磬Ӧô򲻹һɡ֮ϣƯҶСϵ૵
ҶԵЩƺ̻ǿߴʱҲ𾪲ѣǼ߾ǿҲˣΪҶϣǸܵǿҵΣոУ
࣬ɱ㣡
ʱԶֳǲͻȻһŭԵļ׺޳Ҷ˹
ҶɲӲƴû塣һУڤһСû֮СһҶ˺ϣһŮӣŮӻ⣬ٴ󷨣ʮӴ󾪣ӲæԵ׺ȴûʵУ
Լ䣬˫Ҫ𣬲ȴǲڿˣֻԶԹĶҶ
Ҷºò˵⺣ȷʵһö߾ǿ߶ܹ׺ԼǲҪҲһأܿͷԼ뷨ΪҪⶫûʲôãΪⶫֻںã
Ҷֺħ𣿡Ҷʵ
Ůӵ˵ͷħ򣬴Ұɣ
ôࣿҶ㵵Һһ󷨣жֲ
Ůӵ֪ӵ˼ʵеû뵽⺣ȻֲҲǼΪֲģһЩҲò⺣ġԣħȻຣֲΪûĸȥ󷨣һͻȥһǧöƷʯģǵһ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵ˰ıأҲȥϵ󷨵ģʵ̫ռƷʯˡ򵥵˵⺣Ż˵𣬵òĴڣ
Ҷ£ʵҶħķӵеĺࣿ
ңŮӵǿħ򼸺˳ɵĺħİ
Ҷŵҩ˵ˣҩ˵Ը⣬ⶦ۹ıħ򾭹ȷʵôĺȻҪļƷʯԶҵʵ̣ΣӦûʲôģ
ͨ˵˵ΣһǶܲ
ȥĿĿ֮صʥżŮͻȻ
ҶЩ죬Ҷô֪
Ůӳ£ӿ֪˶۹ĵ̣ƷŶѾ򶦺۹£һЩҲ򶦺۹£ơ̤򣬿˵ǾԵСˡֱԣڵʵ´粽У
ҶĬʵԼֺγ֪ٵѣû취ǵüǰǰȻη壬ǳ򣬵ȴʲô϶Ǳ֮ǰҪֲʮٱ׷ɱ
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ҶҶ˵ͬǣѵҪͷȥɣǰʲôڵңҶһֱǰ˵˻ʳشˣҶȴǲҵҪ˻Ц󣬻ҶЦ󣡡
˵ĺãʱһԵİСͻȻһ֣ħͷ˵ûҲ޿ܲˬʲô˻һСˡ㣬һģĵķɱ㣬𣬻үүûдӦ
ħͷҶһ飬ŮˣĽħͷ˰ҲǣΪԶΪӲԴ봫˵еЩħͷ粻һ
Ůԥ£ȻԸĻ򣬿ԵҶݱһ¡ȻҶҲ綦۹ҶҲǱܹġԭҶƲϵģϾҲѶ۹룬ǾʾҶΪã˻δؾܹҶ
һҶɳʱҶҾ൱һǿнˣ
ŮӵʾãҶЩȣ֪ĵǶ۹Ů˾Ȼʾãò˵ԷǺİҶĺˣǵҶңҶҶҶûôңұþȥʥż
Ůӻ˵ʲôʱһͻȻС㣬ˣ
ԣҶĿȥֻԶһƬΰĽ֮С
죡
ĽҶı
Ҷ֪Ͽ²֪жڵءû취ٴˡȻЩ˭˼ҵĵأ
ʱһԵŮͻȻóһŷһƤݵҶǰӣһöƷ漴ͷĵͼڶ˵ӦЩô
ҶŮһۣȻ΢΢һЦҲܾӹ飬Ҽסˣ
Ůӵӱأ
Ҷ˵ͷһϿգʱԶϿͻȻʮӰʮӰԼٶȳҶ߷ٶ
ʮˣȫ߾ǿߣлﵽ߾Ʒϣ
ҶƤһ޿Ǹ޵
ҶûԥеƷ漴ͷһ˸ʧԭءҶʧʮ߾ǿ߾ͳҶԭվλã
Ȼӵ漴ͷ
һŭɱҶһǧƷʯİˣɱˣ
ܿ죬ĿͶ·ƺ̻ϣһĨ׹⣬׼֣ʱԵһ߾ǿסƺ̻ĺ嶯ȻҶϷӣǶˣ
ƺ̻ģƤһɱʱʧҶӦûû߶ԶǷֿ׷ǵٶȣһܹ׷ģ
ֿ׷һǿüŴնɱ߾ǿߵʵǷֿ׷ǲǡ
Ҳţŭ߾նɱ߾ΪǵĽʦʵŵģҪ˵ܹնɱ߾ҲţƾԶﴫ˶ѣ
ԣ룬Ҳǣȷʵ߾Ʒնɱ߾ʵЩ̫˼ˡⱲӾûۼ
һŲͬķλӶȥգۼʧ˺ϡ
ϣҶ㣬Щ˺ɢޣ޿ѾҶͨˣ
Ůӵ˵ͷû˵
Լ˰ӣҶϢͬһ㴫ɢǿߣ߾ǿߣ߾߾쾳ڷѰҶ
Ϊ۹ͨҶĳһǧöƷʯӵǧöһƷһƷ
Ҷĵʱˣ


ڶ ħ


497 ɱ¾֮ʼ
Ҷܴ˲֪˲ɵǲ֪ҶģӦ˵֪ҶʵȻ֪ҶǽʣЩ߿ҶϾֻ߾ߣȥ
۹Ľʵ̫ˣ˸޷ܾҲܾرЩɢߣ˵һǧѷĻᣬֻҪɱҶǵ˾ͽı䡣ǣɢ޿ʼĴѰҶˡ
ɢޣһЩһЩŵǿҲˡǧƷʯԶ۹˵ʲôǶЩһЩ˵ȴһʲСĲƸҪֻҪɱһ߾߾ܹʲƸ
߾ϣָĴڡ
ҶоһתͷЩ֪˶ãָоʧ˫ۣҶһ㶣ʲôط
ʱҶһ䷿֮У֮Ƣĵ㣬ױ̨ۺɫᣡɨ˼ۣҶ֪һŮ˵Ĺ뷿͵Ů˵Ĺ뷿ҶʱЩѵԼһôǿ
Ҷɲ뱻˵ǲɻת뿪ȻʱͻȻҶһ飬òͣ
ǳѾﵽ߾Ʒڵ洫ӣ˵ӹǣӦ˵ߴ½ŵŵŰ޸ԺΪ߾ǿߣ˳¼ңǳ¼ѵĸˡôõˣôõҪǴˣģ
⣬һӶǰһŮӿĵ
ŮӴԼʮ꣬һϮɫȹƵͷ£Ʈ˳ļǸȴӡ
ӵĻŮûлشֻ΢΢ͷü۵ʹ
Ȱǳһ޸ԲṼġң޸ּӹҲ˱ϣûʲô˸۸ˡ
ɳĬ˫ֽԼȹڡ
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ʱһ۵ӳ˴⡣
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ߵǰûйӣһֱӱңǲϲˣ
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һĨ׹⣬ҶӦ֪ҷ㱳ңһɱģ
˫ֽסԼȹڣ΢΢
ȻһЦˣ㣬ǵĻڵƳˡڼҺúôţ˾Ȣ㣡
Ƴ٣һӲ¹ӣΪʲô
ӦҶɣ
Ҷôˣ˲
мʲôʣһĽްˡԳƻʳưԣʲôҲǡֻЩ棬۹ΪʲôôߵıɱҶҲνˣԶ۹Ҳʳԣ
¹ҪȥɱҶ˾
ȻЦֹңڵŵӣҳ¼ҵ˶ѾȥѰҶˡǧƷʯ׵ҵõģ꣬Ҿܹﵽ߾
ԥ£ҶȻܹΪʣʵӦǲģҿ϶ʲô˵ĵƣȻҲܴﵽˡҶ۹ҲῪôߵı꣬¹ӣҾã㻹ҪСЩñȥҶñʵЩ
õҶ߾ƷʵѾ߾ƷҲ𣿡
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˵ʲôȴǰ˰֣ڼҺú׼£һҾӭȢšֻҪ޸ңʱӹǾû˸Ҵּҵ⡣˵⣬ʱڼҺúôţĵȢ㣬֪𣿡
ңҲˣ
ͻȻ̧ͷ˳Ȼη壬ȴ͸Ųɵļᶨ
˵ʲôɫȻӡУǰŮ˴ǲҸ˵һ仰ģ˵ˣȴ˵޸
ôһȣʱ˺üȴ͸żᶨ֮ɫңҲϲ㣬޸㣡
˵˵ʲô¹ӵǸʱһԵ˻عоȲѣҪ֪ǰԼŮ˵ʲôʲôģôˣѵԼƵ̫ˣ
һȣжʱˮ飬һˣתƿ˷ţܽ˷УȻסˡ
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һԵȫסˣȻҲû뵽ԼŮлˣ
ҶߵԣֽŮӷʱһ󼲷ϮҶüͷһ壬һϻڳһ⣬ֻһǶҶֵĳֱ۾ͷ˳ȥ
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һԣ񾪿ֵĿҶܵģܣ͸оһĪֻ֪ҪŲͻ
ҶջƣȻת񣬵㲻Ҫ𣿡
һ㶣ɫ䣬ĿҶ㣬ǽҶ
һԵҲɫ䣬ҶȻôǿ
ţ׷ɱ𣿡Ҷʵ
Ϊһ㡭
ͻȻȻֹΪǰѾ˸һƽ˲ͽˡ
֮㵽ڻţΪ֪һЩ飬ȴңȻžûʲôˣ
ҶҡҡͷȻתȥߵſʱͻȻͣתԥ£ҶһһҪԼˣͱӵǿʵȻԶɼ˵꣬ҶץסһԳʬһʧ˷֮С
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Ҷֻ֪һʱһֵľٶʮͶһµĽʣû뵽λδĽͷʹѡ


498 Ѫɷ죡
ɱҶ˵ֻһС
뿪ּңֽʬٵҶó˵ͼŵͼҶĬˡλõ֮أҪϰСʣ·ߵĻȴ޾ɱ¾
б·ﵽ֮أҪƺܴһȦ̫˷ʱˣ
ԭسĬΣҶһЦ漴ĽɿһӰԶӶȥһʱ㲻һҪ˲Ҵ⣬Ψһ취Ǿɱɱ췭ظɱѪɺӣɱ˲ڴ⣡
ӹǳſڣҶͣΪǰǧȵĿҶɨһۣ߾ǿ߾һƷĴ߾߾лһЩ쾳˾ҲУ
ĺ磬Ҷˣ
Ϊ׵һ߾߿ҶЦ
Ҷһ˲սǽһӵУӿǽ֮Уһ̣ҶһĨ·͵ؼӡʱϸţëĽԿͬ㳯·ȥ
ȻԷɱģԷϻû˿壬ΪκλҲöԷ뿪ȻǾɱ
Ҷһ仰˵Ͷ֣һ㶣ǻعʱܼĽѾǰ߾ǿһЩʵǿ߾ǿ߻ãס˽һЩĻᶼû͵С
ȻϸţëĽδһһĳ·ȺȥʱһƬ
һᣬſھپʬ壬Ѫһء
ʱҶǿųõѪɷͻȻɳҶڣͬǱһѪɷ鿪ʼЩȥߵѪҶûйӣĿΪ׵߾ǿϣ
߾ǿߴʱ𾪲ѣɵĿҶһʱ侹Ȼ˳ֻ֡գۼ䣬߾˼ˣҶֻ߾Ʒ߾Ʒ
ʱҶϻֶ漴ͬһһ߾ǿ߼ȥ

߾ǿɫ䣬Ȼ𾪣ǷӦȴǲֶ͵һգʩչ˿ռ΢΢һ٣һ̣͵һռ˲飬߾ǿߴ󾪣ҪӣѾˣǰһ
Ѫɷʱɵ߾ǿߵʬϣȻѸٵĿʼ߾ǿߵѪϢʱ䣬߾ǿ߱ǳΪһ߸ʬ
һ߾ǿߴʱҲعûжҶ֣תԶӶȥڼƿȥ߾ǿߵĿռʱоѾ𾪵˼㣬ʱֻ֪·һ
ĸ˵˵⽣ҶʵǿģģӲ㱻߾ǿ߱бŭ
߾ǿߣҶϧȫó˲սǲԽԷ£ûҪҪԼʵΪ滹֪жٵڵȴأ
ҶһУѪɷУʱһɷѪζҶüͷһ壬Ϊ֣ѪɷƺǿˡΪղľһ㱣ͨѾɷӰ쵽ˣ
Ѫɷһֱɱ⣬ӻƽʱҲûʲôã˵е֮ûõһԣӦ˵αѪɷʱĵġ
ǰʫ˵ѪɷһɳԵαҲ˵ѪɷҪΪĵҪѪԹǶ٣
õõã
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Ҷתȥֻһ߷ԼңΪ׵һǹ߾Ʒǿߣ඼߾
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ҲǺ˵˵ֻɱ˼ǧˣ˵ӹǶˣӹǿʬҰʬ壬Ѫ
ߣһӣȻɱˣΪûԸһȥɱӣɱƷʯҷ֣
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501 ǣ
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ΪʣɱԻǵЩʿŶҽܣ洫شʦܼǰ轣ͷһãʲɣ
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502 νţ
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ڣƷţǾţ޷šشǡеšʮ꣬Ѿﵽ߾ƷΪڰ߾ƷߣҲڼʮпܳΪ߾ǿߣ
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˵Ҷû뵽ģҲգΪԼĿ۰ɣ
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ײҶϣ˾㵵Ŀ֮У·Ҷһ㣬ֱʧ
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ջ˼Ҷеӥʬ嶪˽飬ɽūӦÿ԰ɣ
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ҶٺһЦȻǰĽ飬΢΢ͷһӣֻӥǰҶü֮С
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˫۾󳬳ҶԤ룬Ϊ֣˫۾ȻܹԲڵһжһֻϣ˫۾Ҳܹķǳ뵽֮ǰôһ˫ֲ۾ţҶͲһ
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ҶٺһЦĽ͵һζʱʧԭء

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Σüͷһ壬ʣͬ޵УڵĵӾȻһ֣˼û뵽ûȻţ˼ϣҪ̫Ȼ̫û˼ˣ
䣬ֱ˺ѿռ䣬ʧԭء


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ǳӢ߶Ʒһ⣬ΪεڣѾˡȻⲢΪ߾ǿߵԵʣһý㣬ǵ񶦺۹ʵ۵ӣ
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һȷģǾҶ߻ɱҶ㲻ǣҲһܹиõǰ;
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ҶǸǸҰʲôʣǲһĵĽ޾ȻҲԳƽʣһҰǲ֪
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ʵôѵǲɣǸ𣿾߾ƷǿߣǣҲҪţ
ȷʵΣҲҰ

ŵ¼ߵȺӢĵ˵ͷȻֵλѾյϢҶѾǡˣѾմ󣬲ҹرĸţڣҪľǽҶڳҳȻɱҴ˰ҶĻڳиҿǰȥۿǺǣٻ󣬽ߣܲܰסͿλԼˣ
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һҶϮҶͣ˽Ųת͵һȭ˵ȭͷһ𣬡ǲһ˵ֱֱ֧Ӷѣ˳ȥڵϺֱӻ˹ȥ
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״ΧȺĿ֮û˵⣬Ϊû˵Ҷһʦء˵ȻȥһʦһЩ˶Ҷ˱ȭȻתȥһЩĿ䵽˴ֿ󺺵ϣУϷŰ֮ɫ
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׺쳤תҶ򹷻ÿˣ¼ȻѾ֪޼ڵļӣȴҪϾɱƺЩ̫޼ڷ˰ɣ
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ŮӵĳضǸĳҶѾǡ
ʲôӢһܣѾǣһֻӶɳȥҶôӳȥ
ŮӵҲĳġоӹƹܡ£һ֪ͨˣ˵ҶѾǣڶټе߾Ʒϵߵżϣһڣߣɱ⣡
˵꣬Ůתߣߵſʱͣĳ㣡

ء
أ˼壬һƬƬܴ󣬱ǻҪ屶ʳʳ൱߾ǿߣƬڣʳܲȫͳƣʮϣ
ʮ߾ǿߣ
ʱҶҲһãЩʳȺӶرǳʳǶԼĵ̣Ҳ˵ǷֿġֻҪǷֿģҪԸͺðˡ
һڼǰǾôƬߣȻ󣬵ҲȫҲ·ǴЩطߣп⵽ʳΧǼ˵ʵʵûһ·򵽵ףɣܷɶãɵ;ûȻһƬС
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ڳĬһҶˡ÷ɵģþĽǿԣѾΪĶб־þĽ𣬹⿿ʵ˵ҲûܹɹƬΪ̫ԶˣԱ߻½ˣУ½˾͸ˣ
ҶĻ½Щ˷ܣԾԾԣҶڣڶʳҲûϵһԵ½ӵһ飬Ҫȥʵûװ
˸սأҶȴͻȻͣ˽ŲȻתԶĬһᣬҶߣеҪһ£ˣһ׷ǵģ


510 սս
һ㶣½ӵҶ֣㲻һߣǰҶһߵĻ½ûܹ߹صġ
ҶĬ˻ᣬȻʵ˵ʦſץһȥˡǿ϶ǨŭǡһתأʵڲУҵʵӻǿԵġ
½ӵˣҶʵ򲻹Լʦŵˣӻû⣬û˼ҵʵ򵥵˵ϺȣȻеˣû취ʵǰҶѾܸˣ
ֻЩ棬Ҷʦžʲô
˼Բ֪Ҳ˵ʦŵ뵽⣬½ӵҶֱأ
˵꣬˾ڤĪתȥֻĪתȥʱĿҶͣ˼Ϣ
ҲߣҶǰ½ɡ
׷ɱˣǿ½ʵ
Ҷ˵ͷ˰ٻǼ߾ƷǿߣҼ߾ǿ֮ǿġʹҲܸܵǹǿϢû˿½ǣڣ԰ȫĴﵽ֮ء
ӮģԲ½ֱҶ
ҶӮұ֤
½͡һЦ֪򲻹ǰ㣡˵꣬תȥ
½뿪Ҷ˶񣬻ԭ·ȻԷѾ׷ˣǾʹѾ¶أҲû˼ˡֻܺ棬ôʶݣһ֪ٵģ
䣡
ӰҶĲԶ
ԴҶҶ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ԴǹҶһ㣬һǹӰ˲ҶǰѸޱȡҶɫ䣬ȭ͵غǵǹӰײһ𣬡족һǹӰɢ
״ԴһЦΪʣƾһҾ֪û㡣ȻҺΪ߾ߺɱ㣬Ϊ̼ǿϧʦҲӣģΪԡʡƺľ⣬һһЩ
ҶҺܺ棬㾿ôҵģ
ԴٺһЦȻָָԵĴ󺺣ޣϹޡ䡯ĺᣬֻҪǱŹˣǡ츳ͨ׷١ֻҪŹԷϢֻҪԷվڴϣͿڷԲǧķΧ׼ȷѵԷΪɱ㣬ڲҴٻ˻ɳò˵Ҳþҫˣ
Ҷ˴һۣȻ˵ͷûˣڣһϣһϣ
ԴЦЦƬ̣Ҹ˵ܿû뵽ĻһϣҶΪǵ꽣ʦҾ㿴ʲôˣ죡
䣬ԴȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰһźâǹȴѾҶü֮ǰļִԴʼֵһ̣ǹҶüǰʱ仹Ϣ

һű亮Ľǹ⴦һǹһ͵ؾһһ̣ǹ͵һһǹâӿʱҲ΢΢һһĽ뺮âкǹǹâײһ
䣡
һɳһǹһм͵ɢԴʮҶҲʮ
Դ˷֮ɫǽʣ
δ˵꣬Դ˾ѾҶǰҶ׼ʱԴȴǺٺһЦȻ͵һţֻһգۣҶΧѾԴҶüͷ΢΢һ壬ȴ͸Ц
ⲢʲôֻԴٶ̫ɵĲӰͨǱҲ֪ĸԴҶû֮ģΪԷٶȣԶĳЩҪֲǴٶȣ֪ԷҲûܹɱԷΪٶ̫ˣ
ԴǹҶʱһ׼ȷĵǹǰһǹǹⷢһĽ˱Էľ޴ڴθԳʮ
ͨ
Դ˫΢Уеһ֮ɫҲǵһξãǰλƺôûϵ˼ûأ
Դ׼ٴζʱһԶһᣬһһԣԴɫһҶüͷһ塣Ϊٶˣÿһ˶߾Ʒϣл߾ǿߣ
Щ˳֣ԥתܣ
˵ĵҶԴϺż벻м
ԴһתɫŮӣǺˣ
ʼҽ׽ҶɫŮ˿С
ҵģԴ
ǵ۹Ҫ׽õˣ˵ҪţɱۣŮ¶ɱ⡣
۹ԴٺһЦʲôʱҪ㶦۹ĻˣСƤڲŲҽ
һԣҶʱ¶ζЦݣȻܣܵĻ˾Իʱ˫֮ìܣȻһìͷûôɵҲûſϷĽѾɫϻҲϣͬʱƷʯѾڻ׼ãзԼַҲϣ
ֻҪܹʱڷܣ
ɱ
ŮһԴ㶣ȻæԼʼԴ˳֡
ԴƤһû뵽ǰŮ˾Ȼ˵ʹǵȻ£˼һȺ˰߾ǿߣ߾ǿߣݡ̫ˣ
ιŮˣбµȺŹʲô¡ԴԵĴ󺺱ߵֵߺ
׳գ
һԣҶҡҡͷ˼ֲǰ׳գƾʲô㵥Ȼǰǹ˴һ㣬ʵȴǺǿһ֮ȻܹΧ֮жܣȻԴ·磬ǻࡣ
˵ǰǹҶ߾ǿ֮УһҶãٻ߾Ʒǿ߿Ҳһܹսʤǰǹļһ
ҲҶע⣬ǾǴŮӣʵҲǼΪǿȻȫĴһʵֲԼҲ˶١һ֣Ҷ룬ûΪŮҲǼΪǿҲóǹǹΪüδǴϣ󺺱۵죬ڴ󲻸ȥӲŮӵǹ
Ҷ;ĿţʱʱҡҡͷߵͷǶ۹ԽԽ
ҶȻһԿţϻڵıѾƴϸĹ۲죬ڵȴһᡣĿǳǹŮӣֻҪ˭ˣ¶һͻԥĳֻɱԷȻת֮󼪣
Լ˰ӣҶƤͻȻһıھؽļӳ£ϢĳɫϻȻԼٶȳȺ˹ȥ


511 Ŀ
ıĿڵĳǹӣΪŮ߾Χ£ǹЩģ¶˴˻ᣬҶȻԥ˹
ԴһǹŮӵĹ׼عͻȻһΣȻսõ˱ܵķӦԴ˻عŮӣǹҲ͵ؾһ

һתĽǹǰǹҵײһ
Դұ۾һ飬¶ɫΪǹȻѿҪ֪ǹƷһЩǿ޶޷ƻǹģû뵽磬ǹȻһ߾߸ƻˣ
ǹΣûɢȥ෴ǿˡԴûԥųǹǰ͵ؾһ͡һ˺ѣһۣȴûлκζԴ΢΢һ㶣һ̣Դɫ䣡
Ҷң
ԴһŭȣתһԵͣ䣬Ŀѡʱ˫УһĽѾѪȾ졣֮⣬ĸԼü仹һûûڣֻǴ̿Ƥǲ԰׵ԼĿпԵ֪ʱѾֲסˣ
ԴʩԮʱҶȴһǰԴǾŭĿУҶȻһЦȻһĺϣ΢΢һ٣һ̣һ貵Ľâţ͡һĺһ
һɱ䣬ҶٺһЦһıûĽϻڣҶһӣʬյ˹ʿռڡţû˿ԥҶĽ͵һɿһĿ綸ȻֶҶѾʧԭء
Ҷ͵ϮڵҶ뿪Ҷһֻ˲Ϣʱ䡣ڵҶ뿪󣬳л߾߶ûлعһЩعǾĿҶȥķû˱Ǵ󺺵ǿˣҶȴ׾ٵľƿķ
һɿ־Ȼĸ˵У
Ҷ
ԴһŭȻֱʧԭءҶǰɱ䣬˵ܴ衣һ޼ȻҶɱҪǴȥԴһӢӣУһλ̫ϳϵ޷ںλ̫ϳŭ𡭡
ʹڻ׷𣿡Ӣ򹧾ǰսõ֪ȻŮ˶߾ұȶԷһƷ˼ҵʵ걬
ŮӳĬΣȻ˻ȥɡ
ΪʲôӢ򲻽
˶߾Ȼǰûκ壬׷ȥֻˣŮ˵꣬Ѿʧԭءǰս֪ĽʵʵԶ֮ϣҪȡʤܣԼһ˶߾
ȻûֵܹסصĽϻ
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һۣȴû˿ŭɫ෴඼ϲΪǲȥ׷ɱħͷˡȥ׷ɱǿħͷż߾ǿߣҲʵû˿İȫ
ǺŮִȥ׷ɱĻΨһþȥڻҡãڲõڻˡ
˻ǺӢԭأҶǰȥķдһ˿ɻܸоҶļ
ֻǾأ

Ҷûѡ½ӵ˵ķܣѡһ·ܡǰĿʼնޡ䡱ΪֻɱͷޣܹΪȻͷڣٻٴαԷţԶֻܱķ
ԣɱͷޡңͷʵӵ츳ͨūʺϲˡ
Ҷ
ʱҶͻȻԴŭ
Ҷͣ˽ŲתŭݵԴǷһĨЦݣУ⽣΢΢һ漴˲սС
Ҷ㾹Ȼ͵Ϯ㻹ǽʣ޳֮ԴеǹѾһһ֧ͨڵĳǹʱĳǹԴвϲţʾʱԴжŭ
޳ܣҶЦһʲôģɱҵģʲô磿ʲô磿߾ʵɱ߾ߣ˼˵ұ޳ܡҪһӢۺúҲҵҳΪ߾ң֪϶ҵģ
Դ˵ʲôҶȴǰ˰֣ϻˣ֪ЩŵĵУɱСϵģɱϵġûϵ٣Ҿɱ٣ҪЩŵνŵж٣Ҷɱ
䣬һӰԴĽŵ׵˳ӰգۼԴǰһذֱԴĺ
Դɫ΢䣬û뵽ҶȻа֣׼һ㿪ذףʱͻȻ𣺡ռ
Χռ䱻̣Դɫ䣬͵ع볤ǹ֮Уǹ͵һӣɨ˿ռϣճȭǰذס
䣡
죡
ռݱƣȭͷסذסԴһʱһɫϢĲǰԴôɫסԼһһ׼ԼС棬ʱһͬɽѹϡ
⣬ؽ⣡
ԴϢһͣһ˲ǽɫǲϡȥԴңûüһѾüĴ
ҶǰԴû뵽ôֻһ棬Ͱˡѵھû𣿼Ȼ
Ҷ͵ϮԶ٣һõҲԴŭҶ
ҲҪҶ֮ڲɱ㣬ֻһ⣬ѡش𣬻߲شڻ˭ɱңһ߻Ǻü
𣿡ԴЦΪһ𣿡ȻӲȴһֻҪǰһҪͺãΪͿּۻۣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻˣ㣬ɣ
䣬ֱûԴüģԴ˫ԲǲţԼˡʵûӰǹĵƣһûӹԼֻּۻۣû벻㰡
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ȻҶе֪ڻʲôţֻеѣǺҪΪܶԷ˭ֻҪɻ߾ȫڳη塣Ϊھм߾ǿ߽ū
ʵҶҲԷƽսҲöԷԼʵڿɲʱûǸʱ䣡һŪãöԷߣôƷĽū߿ɲ̫ϧˣҪ֪Էֱܣûܹ¶Էģ
һ㣬Ҷūϸʵ̫Ϭˡû߾ǿܹϣرھص£
ҡҡͷҶԴʬ彻˽飬Ȼһĵطȴū¯


512 ߾ǿߣ
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Դˣ
ڴ˵仰ʱʱžڳ˼Ŀӡ˵仰ӣ˶̲סʻˣ
ĬΣһϳԴҶ
ӵ˵ͷ
ôܡϲŵҲǻĻֻԴʵôССһ߾УԴ߿ɻһޣѵڰҶ
ӵԴôģ˵֪ϵôȴǱ˿ض֪ǿǿ޷ţҶֻһʹ̿ķ˲һϢʱ䣬ͽ䡯ɱ
Уɫһ䣡
λҲ֪Ѿǽأ׳һöص
ˣ
˵һѾ𾪣ˣ
̾һǳвϣʱڣӦ˵֮ͬУѾûǴ˵Ķ֡ﵽ߾»߾޵еġټ뿴Ҷ̬ȣ
ӲȥȻδڴУһϳ
ԣһ˵˵ͷͬԪ˵ǣӻ߾Ѿɳ߾ǻˣѾڳȥδڱضһУ
ԣЩ϶ʱ͡
ҾãӦ£˵һһ꣬գڵ洫ӣȻиҪݣǾǵӡ
յĻüͷһ壬Щãӵϣûгȳ⡣
ȴ΢΢һЦʵΪʲô
ճ˻ᣬʵѾ۹Ӧ˵޿ˣ
˵¶һ˿͡
յλϸ룬Զ۹ʵ㲻ɳ߾ǿߣҪɱҶѵôҶʵǿɱһʮ߾ǿߣɱһ߾ǿ𣿴ǲܣ޿ûôǷͨ˼Ϊ˵ı꣬ˣЩſҲĶı꣬λϸ룬𣿡
˳˼
ֵô޷ǾҶЩŵʵò˵ɹˣΪʧţһĪҶΪ˵ˣ˵⣬ն˶٣ʵӦö֪ҶεĿģ޿ڣȻˣΪʲôҪȥΪ޿еĵأ
˵꣬˵һԣ
ԣ೤ϿʱĿ֮в¶ͣ
ɱҶǿԵõ޿ŵĶδǿѡط˵Ҫгϵ
ҡҡͷȷʵҪҲΪҪЩŲŻϵֻǴһûЩŵֻǳŵδǻģŵܹʵ֮ڵӲ˽ȥѰҶѰҶĵȫڣΥߣţ
ʱһ߼ĳ˴ϲˡ
ԣɫһ䣬ŭʵĻڿЦ𣿡䣬ֱʧ˴

ҶǰʱҶֶū߸߾ūȥ½Ǹϻ߾ūҶϲķ֣СڵĪѾֱﵽ߾Ʒ߾Ʒ
ҶЩգΪ˼˶ٶȻ죡
߾ĽūߵҲ߾ƷǽѹƵģΪڸߣҶܾͿƲסˡȻ߶ֻ߾ƷҶţЩ߾ū߾ƷǿҲһ䣡
ˮֵ߾ǿߣɲգϵЩūһЩûʲôˮֵġֻǲ֪Щūܲܳɳ߾ܹɳ߶½ҶǺߣ
ڴ
ҶٺһЦӥһ£ʱҵ½ӵ˵ڵأֻǼ˵ƺЩҶ׼ʱͻȻһɼֲϢϮϢ;֮ѹ飬ռ䶼ѷ죡
߾ǿߣ
ֻһϢҶ֪˾ǻ߾ǿߣ߾ǿҲƣ
ķ̲סˣȻ˻߾ǿߣ
ҶһЦ漴ؽӿ⣬ֿɿֲϢȻֵסˣǺܳ
ܿ죬һ߳ҶǰɫۣͷЩף˫ȴ̺ĹâȻҪߴʱҶʱĿ֮кɱ⡣
ҵ䡯ɱ߳ʵ˵Ҳ˵ѡûΪ߾ʱѾʶȻޣⲢ˳ΪѡҺܶʱû䣬Ѿˣ
ԼԴԭΪһʧģϾԴʵģȻЩԴ󣬵ǶԸһ߾Ӧûģһû뵽Դ䶼ˣ
Դˣνĵӡˣʬ嶼û£һ뵽ԼѱҶƸȡ磡
Ҷ˵ͷʵȷʵɱģȻʱϺƽȴЩѾл߾ǿ߶֣ôأڲ֣ԼܾҪ˰
͸ɣ
ҶĻƶҶ͵һץһֻצƾճҶͷҶûеֵҲֵˡ߾ǿߣܹԿģ
ֻצҪץҶԴʱΧռ䶸ȻܵΧĿռҶʱһʹؼʱˡͬʱҲңʣ߾ǿߣ¸ԶֱܹԼ
ֻҶô֪ԼΣأ
ɫˡ֪λˣţɫЩѿˣû뵽λԶľȻʱעǰλ߾ϣ
ʻûгԷȴܹһľ룬ʩչ˿ռ֪ͨԶǶԷĶ֣תߣصڣκβֻǾȥʵЩİ
ԥһ˲ӿһĨٴζҶ͵һģ˵֮ռ˲̮סҶڵصƬռҲһ֮£ֳѷ졣
ҶƤһϼһǲɱԼݰ
һûסҶĿռݣһ飬һĨɫ˫ֶҶڵλ͵һգһǿӿǿҶΧĿռʱ΢΢ţš䡱һҶĿռȻ顣
漴ǵЦУҶӰʧһɺɫռ֮С


513 ߾ǿ䣡
׼ȥʱͻȻҶĺɫͻȻֹˡţ𾪵ĿУһ۵Ǻɫл˳ϣɫЩ԰׵Ҷ
ʣ
ͫһû˿ԥת׼ӡûѡ˺ѿռ䣬Ϊǰ˺ѿռ䣬ǻĸ죡
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һߣֶѾǧ͵һգζʱͣΧռŤ߾ǿصĿռõȻ޷ֿʱ˿̣֪λ½ʵʵжֲ
ס֣
ʱӽڳȴǧ֮⡣
ס֣
һ͵һ䡱һסߵĿռʱѿȴǻûҲˡֻһһ죬һֲĿռѷ͵һƣһУֱӱռѷ֮С
͵һǵѷʱϣռѷ죬ڶУߣʲôûˡ
һĻҶз·ʲôҪӿʲôʵʵ
ʱӳǰԶɨһΧ˫۶ʱˡ֪Ѿˡһ߾ǿ߰ⲻ߾ǻ߾ǿ߰Ҳʧİ
ӿʣɭȻʣδ̫˰ɣ磡
ʵ֪硣ӣԣҶˣ֮ԼЧȴɻ߾ǿ߶֣Ȼƻ֮ԼҳʲôԣˣϻˡҪŵĳϱǾ;ְܳɣҵ뿴ȥˣǷ統ǰ㲻һ
һ飬̺ŭ𣬵ȴûиҳ֡Ƭ½ֻмǰλʵĶ֣ż˲ǳҳ֣ʻԥնɱΪԷ˽ڣ
ĿһʣֿһҶȻһʧԭء
תһҶ֮ɫأ㾹Ȼﵽ˽أ𾪵ģҪ֪ҶǰŽضѰڣȻѾǽˡ㽣츳δֲ̫һЩ
ңҶѵǫһΡ
ҡҡͷлҪֻľ̫ˡ磬򣬻ǺΣյġ˵ţóһöӨ͸ĹӵݵҶǰ˹Դ߾кܴô£һΣ
磿Ҷʵ
ʵ˵ͷ뵣Ļʲô֢ĻʵҲʵ˵Ʒ磬߾ҲǿԵġûҪ߾Ըϣòʧ
ԣҶڳɣ¹ֱȥʱӿƺ̼һ㣬ȫӿȥҶæڵأ
ǰҶ¶֮ɫһʵΪ磬ҶûǱԥɱҶΪԼŮһ࣬һûʵࡣǻãǰҶȻûʵҶǱ
ҲǿҶǱųάҶȻ֪棬ҶҲµġλĹˣ˵ˣ൱ɵģȻûн֣ԷʵԲ
ҶĵӣͲţҶΣλ˲֣
ôʵûмֵ˭ῴ㣿˵ˣԼ˶ϡ
ʱһһȥҶΧռԽԽǿңҶͬΪһУӿȥЩҶںҶæѹһʼãԽԽӿڣöԴҲڲϱЩˣ
ãؼʱ̣ʳˡƷҶͷȻһ͸ҶڡǰѹҶڵЩʵһЩһЩ
һʱȥˡ
Ҷ˫ۣŨŨ˷֮ɫ
߾Ʒ
Ҷû뵽ȻһƷﵽ߾Ʒڵʵ洢˲սٿһλһݽߣʵĸоõҶ̲סЦ
ĻʵڵҲǳʵʵ߾ƷҲǿԵģЩ鸡ԿҲȱݡԣֻܽʵ߾Ʒ磬κӰ죡ʵ
ллǰҶϵûʰæѹܣҲһƷģȣڻʲôǵǿģ
ЦЦǰѾ㾳ϢڸǣԺǻ߾ǿߣ޷ľ硣һǾ仰첻ȥˣɣʵҲܹߵģ
ҶЦҡҡͷȻǰСһôˣ
϶ڽܴУҲˡʵҲˣӦ֪磬ж˻⡣һﱾǾԵУߣʵҷģ
ҶЦЦԭأ
лģЦҪǾԼʵֹ޿ʥżǬͼôУߵõǬͼ˵֮֡˵ˣڴȥϹ¾סˡһ˿ҩ߾ǿ߶֣һڵһʱϵģ
˵꣬ĿռһŤ漴ʧҶǰ
߾
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һҶüͷһ壬֪Էܺ棬ԷôģɻҶŮǰ̸̸۹֮䣬ʲô̸Һܺ棡
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Ůӵ޿˻ʴкνʴ֮Ѿûκ塣˶ѡ޿ʥϣҲòѡ޿Զ۹˵ǲƽġȻвƽͻз˵ĵ˾ѣҶӺ˫Ӯ
ŶҶЦһЩȤˣҺܺ棬ǸܹʲôҪʲô
ŮӻҿԼɴɴ£һžգ˵ºϲˣ룬һмɫġ˵ˣ´ӦҾģ
ݣ
Ҷ̲סһ֡ɫ˭ģ


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Ů˺ҶʶŮУٿŽǰ塣
Ҷҳϣ˿ӦöᶯģϿ϶ᶯĵġҶԱùĶûȤңǾȻɫջңֱҵ̣𣿷ϻ˵ˣӵν⣬֮ûڼϻıҪˡ
ôаңŮƽƺһҲҶĻ
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Ůӵʵ˵е磬ԼõǬͼǬͼ޿Уǳŵκζû塣ҪһֶԿ޿Ǭͼû֮ǰأ
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ҶĬһᣬȻһ⣬ѾøַԼϢ޿ҵĶǶ۹ȴǻܹ֪ҵ٣㣬Ҳܹҵҡܸԭ򣿻˵㶦۹Ѿл߾ǿ֣߳
ûл߾ǿֲ߳̽ϢŮӵҪС۹ʵر鱨ţҪһ˵٣ֻҪǾһܹĳΪڶ۹ΧڣšΪ۹˰ɣ

Ҷ̧ͷ˿ƶ˵ֻӥֻӥӦþνġеһӰɣȻΪϵĵ۹ԼԺøС˰
Ůӵҽ棬֮أһϵ㡣мǣڶ۹ĵ̣ΪֻҪڶĵ۹Χڣͻᱩ¶Լ١ԣѡ·ߣֻЩΣգ˵Ӧûʲô
˵䣬Ůתƺ뵽ʲôŮֵУҲûбù˵꣬ͣһʧԭء
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Ԫ׵Ӵ½ӼһۣȻһ߾Ȼأǲ֪
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ԪǷһĨȻ˳п֧ŵˣζ֮ɫ


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Ԫװ˰֣˶㼱ʲôӢ۾ǾԼȥұ֤㡣
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У½гӣһкȻĽܹƿЩʳķȴܹЩʳ˺ҼеѪԽԽ࣬ܵѪʳԽԽ࣬õŮѾ֧Ųס
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ѣĪɫЩѿȻ֪ǰ˴ʲô⡣½ڵ״·
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ҶռݣԪд󺧣û뵽ǰ߾ϾȻռܹ飡жֲ׵ѾûʱȥЩˣΪҶȭͷѾԴǰ
оȭͷ֮еĿԪײҴ⣬ҲӲӣҶٶȴǶȻ죬һȭֱӺϡһҽУԪֱӵ˳ȥУҶȴϣ͵ץסԪ׵ļ͵ؾһȭԪ׵ĺֻǲһԪûɫʣ
һԣҹ½ӻ˾ڤľһ߾Ʒǿߣһų߾ǿߣҶУҼûл֮ҶѵǴ˵е
ȷʵҶеģǾԻΪҶΪ˵еǰϾȭ˫
ԪеɽȡɨһеĶҶƲƲ죬Щ߾ǿߣһһƷʯȻ٣ãһƷȥĻһüǮ
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½ǡĪ¿һһԵ½˾ڤʱѾˣ׶༪ٵġ


516 
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Щʳ½г֮ɫԥһ£½ͻȻһץ˾ڤļϣȻ󲻵˾ڤһ壬͵һ˾ڤĸ߶ʱʳȺ
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Ҷ˵ͷطô˯ҿɲ½
ĪЦЦȻǰ˵ǰʳսԸһˣǣ
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ĬһᣬҶطصľͷҲԶˡǼɹȥɡ;治ãǰҡ
Ů˵ͷ
˿ʼСӿ¿·۵סУɻʳڲǰ񱼣飬źˡ
˷˴ԼʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬ɫͻȻ߼ҶסŮһ˵棬ܣȥǰ濴˵꣬ҲŮصһʧԭء

ףྐྵȻȥˣ
УһĿЩĿҶǰķ
ƿգ̫ˣԱߣһֵ󺺼Ц߾߶ˣ̫ʧˣ
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ҶһۣȻߵҶǰЦûϢȴǾĴ˵ءһһɱϰٻٻضˡһһɱŷɥǺأūҵķ

һԵƷɫһ䣬ҶĿԽĲˡ
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ҶĬһᣬȻʵ׸ʲôģҾûҪҪҪʱĿӦһµġȻˣȫԺ˵أ

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519 壡
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ƲԳԷƣҶҡҡͷָһһƻϡƻ棬ͫһ¶֮ɫԱߵЩ˶һ֣岻䶯±һ㡣
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520 棡
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ҶҡҡͷȻһڤС


521 ľ֮飡
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࣬˵ģΧľѾȼΪ׵˾ŭ
ҷˣҶЦһĲٿ£ڤûгѸӣֻǵһֵľŵʴȣ˵ûᣬڣߣȻȥоȻҲԳ֣ҿԱ֤֮ʤΣԲΧһжữΪҽ㣬ҪҪԣ
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Ϊ׵ӳ˳飬ؿһҶȻ˫ֶ˶ƿת·
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Ҫ̸֪Уηǣеˣ֧߳ǻľһ塣̸֮УľȢоֻǲɱʵǣڼ֪ôͱһľһĺˣں
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һԣĪüͷһ壬һǰŮǹջľһ˶Ҷ֣Ҷľһ壿

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ľˣҶʵ
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ҶҳŵֻҪ岻ңҾ;塣
һΪо
ҶЦЦҳŵģ;ʳԡоǵȥʮɽ޻ʣǰµľסصġ˵պ޷ֵ޿һǰġȻϣʱҪĵطʱǲҪܾ
ȥ򣿡оȵǼģҲǼ俴֮壬Ϊ֮Ͷ࣬Ϊ߱ūۡԣ򡣶ҶȻ˵ܹǽ֮Щɡ
оͲ֪˰ɣʱʵŮѣСһƴӡңҲϿ֪ôĿŵ붦۹ΪжûΪԳ澯Ļ߾ǿߣĸĻ߾ǿ߸Ҷ֣ʾɱ˭
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Ҷ˵ͷ˵Щţǵ򲻵ѵʱǽӦûûʲôġ
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֮ͶҶͶ޿õĺôҪĶ࣬Ҫ֪ûǲģǵļң
ڵ֪ҶܹǻصҲû˷ͶҶˡһʱо峯롣տʼЩ˺ܵƣԸ⣬оѪѹ£ЩƵ˲Ը⳷룬ֱʧˡ
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½һҶĬΣȻŵҶʵ˵ǲɱ£
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֪֪ݣ¶ݣɱԲԣ½ЩȻܿƣҶܹо
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һ½ҡҡͷŮˣ񾭴ҶǺ
ƿ˿һҶĬڵ֪Ҷһɱ׵ںǶ˺ǰ಻ܹġ
ôңҶһ½ʵ
ȻȻЩɫǻ˵ƭˣ½Ȼ
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526 ɳĮ
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һһСʯͷУָһСʯͷԶɳĮɳϡСʯͷɳʱҶ˾㵵ĿУһɫСͻȻɳĮص˳ʯͷ븹УȻûɳУͷ·ûгֹ
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뵽붾ЫӵصðԼ½ͷƤ飬ôɳɿ϶ǲˣȻܷɣôȥ
ҶӦʲô취ɣʵû취Ǿֻһ·ɱȥˣ
ҶĻǻƿƤһ࣬廹ҪԵ
ҶһۣȻǲǿоˣȻң
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а취˵ɡȻǾֻһ·ɱȥˡҶͷЩŮһ𣬾ûͣ
ЦЦȻһ۽裬߻⣬һָ壬ȻһɳĮ֮С
ⶾЫһ峤Щ飬ȥкȻǴ·һ£ӦûġūҰôæҪôأҪūСɣգգۣߵ
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ҪСҶûǰǰЩ壬ֱʵ
һȻǱҶķӦŪЩֲܿ죬ͻָɬȻūҶԷǳһƬء
Ҷ˵ͷãȻǵʱǾСɣһζĺˣֻ꾫ôߣȻŶԷԲСġ

Ҷûڹ˫΢գڡ֮еöɫӣҶ¶һĨЦݡò˵öľ֮޴İΪʱѾ߾ڣֻҪ߾ǿ߲κ߾ǿߣ
Ҵﵽ߾֣СڵĿռѾһΪֲĵزƣٿװһʮ˿ڵСǣɫҲɫ֮⣬ֶūҲǵǶħڵϡ
Ҳ˵ʱĽūѾʮλˡСһȽūСٶȼΪֲӦù˶ãܹﵽ߾Ʒ
֮һεõĺôܶ࣬Ҳܼʱ
ջҶһʳϣһʽ˲ս˳ҶȻ˲սʱ˿̣˿ռܹ֮˲սҲܽ˲սӳ
ֵһ˵ǣĽҲǿˡı仯õЩ𺳣𺳣˲սնνҪ𺳡
ǰ˵ֱӴɳĮɱȥڿڳԣãʱ˿̣ɱȥ
Ȼ˵õ͵һЩ
ʱˣһĻһͷһĽɫ޴̵ˡ
λǶЫһ峤ҶЫӡܵ
˵ͷҶ峤Ӧ֪ǵ˰ɣǵĿֻʥżɳĮͣ
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ԣҶҡҡͷһ̣ޱȵĻСһˡСһڣɳĮЩʲô߰㶾Ͷ˭СһûĸҲСһ˵ġ
ЦЦ޷ֻҪЫһ岻ǳ־ͺˡģͽԼɡ
ҶЫӵȻˣҾͲ˵ʲôˡɡˣһ£ɳĮǳҪСЩĳβ⣬ҪСɳĮɳǲСıɳ룬ʹ߾ǿߣҲᱻ˺Ƭġ
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ҶЫߺԭصƬ̣ԶɳɢȥŽɳĮ
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Ҷ룬ʵǵҾͺаաȺŹҿܾûʲôˣ
޿ɲ㵥Цǿô࣬յġҲûϵȻǿߺܶ࣬Ҳ١ʥżֻҪ֣δؾռϷ硣ֻǣһˣǱСġ
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Ͼ֮ɫѾͶ޿޿ǵĴЩˡֹӦúʵɣ
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Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ϾǿȻģʱ⣬ӦҲﵽ߾ˡİ޿ȷʵͱķǳˡΪԿǣסԼԼҲֻǣȻ˭˭
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ȻܣҪ֪ʱ˿̣ʵɻûǿռʥżĵزȻҲʻħǩǸʲôԼˡǰʥżģһһ⣬ħ϶Ҳֻǲ֪ǲħ𡣡
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ƤһҶһۣȻˣôضңΪЩ붦۹˵϶ԼЩ֮Ͷ۹ԭΪ޿˻ʣصĴˣȻشȴ˵Ļζط˶۹ʱ˭ڸ۹ˣ
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𣿡Ҷˣֲ񡣡
ѣǿԶ۹ĵ̣϶ĵֻʲôǻ߾ǻ߾ǿֿ߳Ҳɱ
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䣡
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ʱҶ˽µɳͻȻʼҲɳ֮䶯ĶҶ˫΢Уؽӿ˳Ȼɳ֮͸ȥϢɳ֮ͻȻ˾ŭڽţһɹʺɳ֮˳
һĻƿ¶֮ɫû뵽ҶĽȻ˵ĿֲǶˣҲЩˡ
䣡
ԶɳͻȻը˿ţһɳʮɿľ߳Ҷ˵СԣĳβߣһۿȥЩֲ
ֺ߳Ǿ޴β͵سһԵĽһɨ󾪣Ҵ⣬ſ޴ͳߵβҧ˹ȥһӴͫһеļֱӷɳ죬Ҳͱβɨɵʮ⡣
ɫһ䡣
߿Ҷˣŭ࣬㾹Ȼɱҳβ壬㣡
Ҷ˽е˲սʱͻȻظ¾ǳβ峤ˣǾβľβɳĮԳβ壬ֻһ¹󱦵ء峤ͨһ£
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ĿϣһȻĿ֮¶һĨǾβģƯȻˣͱˡҳβһȱһ󣬾ˡ

ƿմŭ֣ȴǰ˰ֹ֣ˣȻҪβЦҲǸʲôҲԭұ£ǼȻôҽβ塣
ҳβ壿ƾ㣿мȻҶףŲţֻҪУҾͿɱ㣿
ûйܳߵҶԣʹҶ䣬ŭŮ˱˵Ϸ㾹Ȼ޶ԣûĵģԺҵĴ
Ҷһ飬ΣҶĴ𣿡
ǿɲһֵĺõĻҿԿǿǵأգգ۵
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Ҷ˵ͷԭô򵥣׬ˣ

ͷŭ࣬Ҫ˺ǡ
Ҷ˲ս˳ҶмһЦ࣬ƾҲƿҵķȿϼ֪ж
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һԵҡҡͷǼʶʲôˡؽ⣬ǵ˵ֻߣһֻҪûﵽףҶ;ܹƿķֻһ߶ѡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ԷȻ˵ȿϼǺ£Ȼܾҽ͵һ̤Ҷ˳ͷǰ޴֮ǲм֮ɫΪʾԼǿͷҶǰͣƺ˵￳
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ڱҶĽƤʱ˫۾Բ֪ˡҪѾˡֻؿǰýͷ˺ѿһĹ֡ûȽӴĽԵЩ΢սɥʧ߳ɣ
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Ҷ̧ͷų˵ҿڲһҪڶˡʲô飿ĪҪڰɣ
˫ۿҪ͹ˣǲ𣿲ô۸ߵġ
ҶĿ˳ĸ˵ߵǴ֮Ҳ֪ĻǼٵģ
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ĳβȺʱҶ˹ȥ
ҶЦһֽ͵һӣϸĽһƬǳβȺʱһҽڳв
Ϣ󣬳ж˽ǧ߳βߵʬ壬ʣµĳβȺĿҶҲǰ
ֳֳҶһĨɫʡʣǿΪĴ½ǿܹ˵ġ
ҶĿǳϣ֪Ϊʲôڻûɱ𣿡
ΪβʶҪ˵ΪʲôͻȻ֣˵ˣ̫ûˡԣ죬ֻǾҶҲûǰ
Ҷһ⣬ΪʲôǣЩβ߳⣬бҲ˵ԷǱãǱָʹŪ⡣
˵ͷŹңʵ
һһʹϣֶһѪۡ
ûּۻ۵ءҶ
һĨӲһѣǵҶеĽ΢΢һʱˡ֪ǰֻǺǸ⣬ǷҪ֪ӲԻԥնɱԼġ
ûԥã˾ǶЫһҶЫӣ˵һȺɳĮлɫŮ˵֮Բ֣ΪǿߣʵǿȻͰøңʱѾҶЫʮ˴һ飬ɵҲ֪ԼԷǹʹˣ
ЫһҲͶ޿Ҷü޿Ĳһĳ
һͶ޿Ȼ޿Ӵ󣬵ɳĮȴûʲôӰΪɳĮصף߾ƷǿҲû취ġڼɳĮɳԣҲ²⣬ЫһӦòͶ޿ҶЫ֮ôֻβһƴܾˣȻ֮
νˣҶҶЫģ
Ҫ鷳¶ϲɫߣҴȥ
ʱҶȻתͷԶˣ˵䣬Ѿʧ˵ϣڳʱѾʮɿ⣬һһҽԶ쳹
죡
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ҶûɵҪһһ⻮ҶЫӴ󾪣һȻЩˣǰһѪۡҶҪӽҶЫӴ󾪣æͶ
Ҷû֣ͣһҶЫӲӴһߵԴֱ
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Ͼ֣һĨЦݡ⼤ŭǰ࣬ȻֻǵĿ˶ԷǰŮ˰ľýʶֻҪץסŮˣܹвýģȻߡ
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ûжĿ֮ǲм֮ɫý࣬һѾǼˣǰŮˣȻҲ߾ǿߣɲŶԷҲýһܹƿķ
ʱѾεȰһǹʹǰŮ˳֣ǿ֡ý̫̬óȻ֡
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죡
ǹǹ˳ƤϣԭдŲм֮ɫĳ˫۶ʱ͹Ǿ뾪֡

һ˻ѷεŭ
ڽ˾Ŀ֮УƤӦ˵ֱӹ˿Ϣʱ䣬Ӵֱӹѳ顣ѪһأĽǻƿƤֱ
Ϊ񣡡˵һ䣬š

֣ǻƿɫ䣬ĿŰϾǵȻģֻǰЩΪȻϾʲô̶ȣڣǻƿգ֮ʵǿĽʶûֵܹסǰһǹ
Ŀ⿴һ۰Ͼֿ˿Ҷ
ʣ˭ǿ
ֱǿˣҶ
ҲǣϾ
ǰ޿ɱҵģҶֱӰϾʵ
ûʸң˭ûʸңϾ׵ĶթҲ롣Ͷ޿Ͷ޿Ҷʵ츳ΨһӵˣҲЩ¡
ҶҡҡͷϾҵĽ֮ͬںĶҲ֮ͬǿֻػںĶΪ˱ǿǿν£ҿҪ£ΪЩ¹ϵں˵
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ҶЦΣҺܸˣΪ㲢ǰ޿Ըҵġʵ˵ҲΪУΪǱϾѣ
ϣǰˣϾͻȻ
ΪʲôҶЦݽʧȥ
Ͼ۹ĵ̣Ȼ߾ǿ֮е֣Ⲣ۹ûа취Ǭͼ޿־ڱصã˿ᣬʱȥ֮ء
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ܿͻ֪ˣϾҪС޿޵ˣܹ졣
Ҷ˵ͷ޿ܹΪ˻ʣȻΪԷǲݰ
ʱϾͻȻʧԭأһֱҶ
ɫ䣬û뵽ⰲϾȻͻȻ֣Ͼٶ̫죬һ̶֣һ̾ѾҶǰǸ岻֡
ǹѸֱ֮ҶؿڣҶ˫΢Уһ̣ǹֱӶҶؿڣȻȴֻһӰϾһĨ֮ɫ漴ǹ͵һת̶ءһڰϾǹҶеĽײһ

ռһҲ
ϾǹתҶԭˣԭΪ㻹߾û뵽ȻҲô졣
һ߾ôҶʵ
ͻȥϾʱûҪˡΪûо֮Ĳ࣬ûȥ
ҶЦЦû뵽ⰲϾﾹȻ⡣Ѿﵽ߾ˣȻ»ᱻͻûԽսʤϾ
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½Ӷˣô˵ġɫҲЩѿͷһα˵ô˵Ҫû취
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ΪʲôҶʵŮˣıϾ˵Ա˰ɣ
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Ҷ룬ҲãֻһˣҲԼСЩǵʵԱӦû⡣ûǣϿʮ߻ƽʿء
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ҡҡͷûй½ĿͶԶǸ֮أҲʥߵżǵȴҶʲôϣ޿ʮ߾ǿߣǰأɲ޿ֻǿߣ
ĬΣ߰ɣ

Ҷ߳ɳĮ߾ǿ߾ǰ
ҶΪʣֻ߾͸ҴɳĮһɹˡŶˣ˽ˣֵߣųܡ㣬˵ͷֵǮֵܸպȱǮҪкãͷãΪ׵һӺٺЦ
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ǽħҶȻ˵ᣬȻܹɱ߾ǿߣһԣɢ޾̾
񣬴˵ĽѾﵽһ˼ĵزʹԶȻܸܵ޵ǹɽ⡣ﾹȻġ
ģֻ֪ڣʥżڲ˻޿һҶȻ˻û˵ʲôǸоѾԼˡߣȽʥżͻ¶Ŀˡ
ȷʵһҶЩɢһôûˣǿɣҲ֪Ҷܲ޿⣬Ҫ֪޿Կʮλ߾ǿ߰
ȻӦˢӵģԮĿԴɣ

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ǼӴ˻ʲ罣
ͬʱΪ磬޿ôô˻ῴġ
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ҶЦЦȻһ޿治һϣҿǺģ
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޿δ˵꣬һղӴһ͡һյͷ͹˵ϣպ޿ǰ
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ԴһƬհףĿҶ
ĿҶһۣʹ֪Щʲô
Ҷҡҡͷ㿴ǺģڣڽһΣ㻹һϰɡ
޿Ҳû˴뵭ȻɫЩѿﵽ߾ˣҶûдﵽ߾Ҳɱյģȴ׾ٵľˡΨһĽ;Ҷﵽ߾
Ҷ޿гһӣ˲佫ǰܸܵնɱȻĿɨΧһۣҶҪͷȥʹ͵ģھͿԹ
޿һˣ˽ǲҶӣӡ
ҶĿ޿ϣأ
޿˫΢Уֻ˻ʽϣ˵ұߵһͻȻ֮ôЩС˼Ȼ˲֪ǾϷһ̰ɡ
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ҶҽŽż˵棬ӿ˲ս֮УƴȻûн֣ҶܹоԷǿǰ߾ƷϾƹ϶ȵٻ߾ƷҪǿࡣ
ηԷȴӶԷ
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Ͼƹһȣ˫ȭ͵ضҶһɲǼ䣬һ԰ɴСľȭֶЯſֲҶ˹ȥȭ֮ռ˲
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ȭƷأÿһ˲һԾȭϾƹɵľԾȭѾȫȭ͸ˡǺǣҵҪ⽣ôԸȭ
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û꣬ԾȭҶǰʱھȭֽųԾȭԾȭһԱһԿֲٶҲһԱһԿ죬գۼҶǰǶԾȭһԾȭһеĿֲѹ˲
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ĵҶϻڳȻ˲Եһľȭǰţı͵ؾһʣڳвϻ
𺳵Ŀ֮УԾȭӵľȭͱгƤһڿɢ˿
·Ͼƹɫһ䣬û뵽оɱƣȻ׵ľͱǰֻǸս߾Ҷˡ뵽ǰԼ˵ϾƹһһĨϾƹһ˿УֶҶ͵ؾһա
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Ҷеһ䣬Ȼһڵڤϵ磬оĺ˳ϰؽ⣬ֻһ˲䣬ЩռݱǱȥ
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Ҷ仰Ͼƹë˲ֻһͻأسü֮Ͼƹд󺧣ǿһ˰⡣ʱü䴦һѪһεѪвϵ䡣
һ֣ӣ
Ͼƹ¶˾֮ɫʱһ󾱴һΣϴγֵĸ죬޷
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ڽҪûϾƹĺ󾱴ʱһϸСĽҶ˲սĽϣʱƫͬʱҶ֧־һǿֻ־ͷˡ
ҶĿ޿Եϣǰֵģˡ


530 ħ壡
֣߳һԵɢ޶¶˱ĵ顣һ߾Ʒսһ߾һƷߣȻӲҪ˻޿Ҳ̫ЩȻбģǿû˸˵˵ȥû˸ô۹Ȼɲܹǵġ
޿ɫЩѿȻ֪ԱЩɢʲôû취ȣĺġ
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޿ֳһ
޿˶ԷһۣȻҶҶҳϣʵǿЩûʲôãΪʵǿվֻһˡ죬ҵ˰ˡҲڶ֣˵Ҷ۹ˣóսǣһΣһ
˵꣬޿һȺתߡ
޿ȥҶг֮ɫ޿һ֮У˸ΪΣյĸо߾һһ޿ߵһɫɫĺˣһ޿һϸŮ
ϣоǿҵΣոС
û뵽㻹ˣʱߵҶǰǺŮɱ֡
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻһԽ˶Էǰȥڰɱִɱһ̿ʼԷ޻˵Ϊ˵ʲôû塣߼ȻѾǵˣôҾͳһ㣬ɲԷǵˣЩʲô
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Ҷû߼ǺŮӾͳǰ
£Ҷ˽е˲սǴ򲻹ǰŮˣһŮ˷ʬˡ
һ̸̸Ůӵ
̸ҶЦһʲô̸ҾûС㰲ҵɱֳǰʱǾѾעǵˡҿԷǳ̹׵ĸ㣬ܣһὫ㰲նɱңҾõҲţһ죬̫
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ʦҶЦˣҲ統Ľʦﵽ߾ɱŻǲţȻûĻΪûдﵽ߾ֻѡ
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㲻ɱң𣿡Ҷ
ŮӳĬΣȻЩɱֲǱȥģȥģҪޣͺң޹أҲ޹ء֪԰ңһɱ㣬أҲᱣ𣿡
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˵꣬Ҷһʧԭء
ùãǺαأҶߺ󣬰ȻҰѾԹ֮ģͽ޿ˡԸͽ⣬˫Ҳܺͽˡ
ǻǵ͹ʵǱˣŮӺȻǰ˵ҲȥôǾǱһһ·ڣѾɳǿά˵ǣǶ۹Գˡڻ߾ǿֵ߲ܶ£ĸķ񱨸ȵ꽣ʦֲΪʦûһħƺţ
͹вð֮ĶԹǸ֮ĶԹʵùòˣһУȻдǶΪ˰룬ʲôԸ㹲ͬе
ڵﵽ߾ɱңŮӵ
˭ҰҶûкô
ŮӳĬˡȷʵʱҶѾǹ¼ҹˣк̨ġɱѱ⵽˱һ仰Ϊһʱ񣬰ҵĴѾЩˡҶھͱ޿ȥȻеѶȣ
߰ɣȥߴ½һЩˣħ

ҶǰԶһеĴɽɽɫΧһˮĤ֡
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ħƳһϾƹʲôҲȣҶڸһλᣬνְɡȻûˡ
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ҪҿһҶ
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Ҷ˲ս͵һħɫ΢䣬æ˿ĴһѪۣɺɫѪл
ңħɫ
һ̣ħȻʧԭأҶǰһȭҶ͵ؾǺ˹ȥȭͷ֮ϣһɫƬ


531 ƽһ
ȭͷϮҶȻ£ǲ£ǰħһҪ
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һӣžһħ϶һӡħҲɳʮɿ⡣
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ħħԽԽ⣬ʹ˻޿ħ֮Ľ磬ħҲ򿪵ģֻҪһЩۡʱħս޿˻֣˵ħ壬ħֿ¶ûʲôᡣ
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ϸЩŭˣʱ޿ϲǻֵʵֻǴʱҶȷʵκһ߾ܹ׻ɱˡ֣һأ
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Ѿһ֮˰ɣϺȻ
޿˵ͷȻЩ֮Ǻܴ⣬ⲢӰǡܹڵһ֮߾֮УҲҵ֣Ҷ밲Ͼ֮гš
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޿˵ɫˣƽһһֻûм塣ڼ壬ǲŷ֣ƽлҪֲ
ƽƺҪڿзһȦȻһɹʵʵԿ¶£·һЩ߾ѹ£̱ڵϣҪЩʵģֱѪ
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ħûг֣ʮƽˡһΣǲͷмƽ˻棬أһЩ߾ǿӵĻᶼûͱΪҽ
ͻȻһ泯ŰϾλȥϾüͷ΢壬̧ͷһڿгĻƽһ̣еͻȻһֱֶƽ
û˿谭Ǵ͸ͷڿһȻֱֱ족һһȻԴƽȴûֻˡ
࣬ɱ壡
ΪһŰϾһ¶¡
ϾһУɻУֳ죬Ͼ̧ͷЩͷĻƽ
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ӣ¶ɱ⣬׼֣ͻȻȻתͷһԵҶ࣬ᵽһƽһϢţԣ㾹Ȼɱƽ


532 ػ
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ҶϷ񶨣ƽûɱƽɲɱġ
ŵһƽһľѪ࣬һƽѪҺƽڿһڣܿռһҶ
УҶʵûʲôģΪѾȷԶԷİԵ·Σ鷳ġ
ҶϣΧǺݺһ飬ҶһǿĻƽ
޿ƤҲһƽ壬ҲǲԸǵģҶãˣ˶ԷľѪǰѻƽһﰡ⣬лƽһԸҶٺòˡ

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ܿ죬ҶԻ˳һĻ֡
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ϣƾ㣬ҲңƽͬףΧȺĤۡ
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һĻɫһ䡣ǰϾҲΪ֮ݡ
رһԵ޿ˣʱ޿һɫνص˼㣬ϣӰӡΪǱ޽̺֮ĿֲʹǣҲܵǿҵΣա
УĻƽͫһķѾﵽһǳֲĳ̶ȣǲķѾ޵ˡ֮У׵ܹƿģ죬ֱǰʩչ
ƽҶҲӲһ㱡Ľ⸲ȫţ˾Ŀ֮Уƽ·ҶȥӴͣ˾һ㡣õ߷ĳɢ
ҶһĨЦһûأҲ֪ǸɶζԺˣ
䣬ﻹаؽӳֵľ޽ҶĲٿ´һ޴ɫ
ȾҶľ޽뽣ԵЩ΢̺ȴõڳ˶ӡΪ޽Ƴʱ֮Ŀռ类˺ѣڽԵʣǱ˺ѿĿռ侹Ȼûк£ԽԽ
޽ֻ˾Ŀ֮Уݺݵײһ𣬳Ƭ̣漴䡱һڳը졣
ţֻ𺣰Χס˻ƽͬʱڻ֮УڲϵŻƽĺҲûţһϸСķͬһ㣬ϳŻƽиȥ
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У˻ƽ֮͸һ˿ʹࡣ
ҶóһöƷʯ˻֣е˲սУޱȡƽ͹ͬҲ͹ƽǿвϰڶľ޴һ˵˻ƽǣȴûиԷ˺
ķΪֹ߾¼ǿһ
䣡
ʱƽͻȻİΧҶһϵһԿҡһ䣬һʮɾ޴ɫȻ͵غ˻ƽϡͬʱڤҲǻһŻصػ˻ƽϡ
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񻤼ף
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Ҷҡҡͷеƣ򲻵ѵʱʹáȻУǾֻáˡ
࣬ܺãܺãɹļŭңɹļŭңҪ˺㣡ƽ̧צ·ҶһץʱһֻɴСľצȻ֣漴Ҷλúݺݵ̤ȥ
ֻצҶ˫΢Уҽ͵̤أֳ˲սһ貵Ľ𣬳ֻצݺݵش˹ȥ

˲սֻצϣҶ˫۾һ˲ս֡Ҷɫ΢䣬ʱǻƽľצ͵һһɾϮҶɫڱ䣬֪͹Ļƽķˡ
²ӲĽɿһӰ˰ɿ⡣
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Ը߰Ļƽ˵ܴ裡
Ҷһӣڵٶ˳΢ٶһ⳯ŻƽȥͬʱİѵҲǳ𣬳Żƽ˹ȥ
ҶţʱƵģֻҪԷʱᣬǾǶԷڡڣҪľʱ䡣
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ϾƹĻƽͫһҲǰǰè׽Ϸ͵سǰһ磬һӿҶЩɡƽûڸЩᣬһڣһֱӳҶײ˹ȥ
λƽٶȱ֮ǰٿϣҶ⧲֮£ֱӱƽͷײϣһһ˵Ŀ֮Уֱû˵


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ȷʵϧˣԭΪҶֵܹ꽣ʦ磬û뵽
ȻҲ԰ˣϾǱƵĻƽʩչػ
ȷʵϧˣһʡ

һԣ޿Ҳ¶һĨ˷֮ɫҶѾЩ֡ڶԷˣһĻƽһɱģһƽһض϶Լ˵һһõĴ¡
ľǰϾˣȻҶƽײصףҶܾô׵ƽʩչ񻤼׺ȷʵĺǿǿԷսһҶҲǿ
ΪֹûҶǿĵơߣҶģ

ͻȻǾ޿ڴһ֮
˫ԲҶû
޿ϵЦݼӲס
𣡡
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ǻƽģʹࡣ
澿ʲô
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䣡
һԿڳ𣬽ţҶԿڻʱҶЩǱͷɢϵһ鲼Ƭ׵ļ¶˿С
ڵϣҶһ޿ЦһȻߵһ˫΢գϢ
Уʮƽʮڵ棬ʮĿһֱǾ޿ӣǣڳе˵ĿⶼǾ޿ӡ
ҶˣǻƽӦҲ˲ǣ
ǣһӹȥˣ޿û˿
ӺȻû˿ʱѾ²⵽ʲô
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ʮƽĴûڵȴ˾޿ӣԼӣʮ󺺴ӿг˳Ϊ׵һŨüŭҶŭ࣬Ҵأ
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ƨƾҲɱҴ磿Ũüŭһɢ˳
žԼȥңУڶʹǿЦҽǰƨ磡ҶŻеĳƷʯͷ

Ũü󺺸֣һѾǰ
ķҪţͶ֣ܲܰԴҶ˫ۣŨü󺺡
뵽ǰһĻŨüȭͷɣֽûڸҳ֡ûʩչػʱǿ˲ֹһȻǰƿ˷ûһܹסǰĽ
࣬ҴôˣŨüŭ
Ҷ˵һ飬ˡ
ʬأŨüŭ
֪Ҷ
㡭Ũüɫˡ
ҶŨü󺺣ڶ˵ָʵǰƽһײûڹؼʱ˻ʼף»ᱻײࡣʹ˻ʼױҲûùȫ߹ǲ֪˶ٸ
ƽôģ
ڽصһ̣Ҷû˿ıؽϽڼɫϻڵı˲սƽػܿͱƵһǣǻƽ۵λá
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ڻƽ£Ҳʧ޴󣬱ɫϻıѾ飬޷ʹˣ
һжֵõģΪڶһƽūƽūǱػ״̬
һػ״̬Ļƽūζʲô
ȻһصҪǾƽһԲưոݡҲǺںƽһѾ񣬴˾һսѡͲƽһÿܹ
ƽˣ
ҶĻڳˣӦ˵ˡ죬ǿػĻƽˣҶɱˣ
޿ҲƤһƽҶϣҶʵҪˡ޿Ե΢΢˵ͷһǾ޿֮С
һᣬϻص޿ԣȻдսĺۼûмƽʬ塣
ػĻƽҶɱһʲôܣ޿
˾ԲϵڲǸ̤߾Ѿﵽ߶Ʒϣ߾Ʒʱ¾Ǽֶκβ
ΪβǰϾԸϾƹͻȻ԰ϾʵӦܹԸģ
ԣ޿һ۰ϾһĨ裬ֺγ֪֮ͬУܹԸҶģֻⰲϾֻⰲϾָ߰Ӳ˶ԷκֶαȶԷƵҶǱߣǶԶ۹˵һ޴ѣ
Ƭ̣޿һɱҶ
ϵ˲֮ǰǻǷǳ޿ģڣǻƽǱҶɱܹɱҶ

Ҷ㲻Ҵ罻⵽һƽһıģŨüŭȵ
ҶվŴȥһ鲻֪سҶƽһҲˣħһ䲻𣡡
㡭
ʲô㣿Ҷƽһ鷳İɣô鷳ûҵɱƽвˣǻԳƸ߰Ļƽҵʣ߰ˣ̧еĳвνĸ߰
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Ҷ˰֣סǵǹƽ֮սˣҲκԹԣţҲκԹԵġ㾹ȻƽһвĶ֣ϣ֪Ȫ֪϶ᱻһεģ
Ͼ΢΢һ飬ҶʲôʱѧˣƤˣ
ҶֵƽһϹޣȫǴﵽʽ׵ľԸңҶǲеġǡһ䣬ƽҲһһһ⣬ƽһҪһһʱ򡣵ȻңҪȺŹҲû취
򵥵ļ
˾ҪһҶǻˡ
Ũü󺺴ʱɫѿƽһһǿ磬ѾҶնɱ˭֣
ѵҪ˵ԼϹҪȥȺŹһࣿ
ǲе̫ˣ


534 ϾĿק
࣬һƽһ壬ĺܲҵģŨü󺺲ʾֻвҶȴûҪûƽĳǿɱҶ
Ҷʼ磬ƽһ˭ҵҶ㵽ףȻɻʽ׻ƽھ䡣
Ũüһ顣
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֪Ϊʲôɱ𣿡ʺȻ
ҶƤһԭһɱԼġ
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Ҷ̧ͷգ壬壬ħЩжˣ²ǵΪػԼô򵥰ɣ
ʱ˿̣˿ҶʱĿⶼˡе𾴣еǼʣеǿȣеԹ
ʣ֮󣬽Ҷֽߴ½
ǰʦѹħ廹壬ҶҲˡ
ΣҶΪ˴ʱΪֻħ廹лƽһ嶼ѡá˻޿ʱ˿̣ûȥ˻޿УֻнҶرЩޣʱѾҶˡ
ֻ֪ĽʣĽлߣ
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޿һɫÿˣⰲϾǰҵˣѾͶʱ˵Ҷ̸ⲻڴ޿
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Ŀ£Ͼƣ޿ɫЩŤˡУ˻ʽϲţ·ҪϾһһ㡣
Ȼ޿ʱŭɽңûŭûǡʱ֣ǾʹҪϾҶǱˡҶ밲Ͼ֣Ժ߾߾֮˭κ
ȻһԭǾʱûаսʤϾ
˻ʣصĴˣܰܣһܣһǧɣЩˣܻģЩڹˣҲпܲѡԣûоԵİʱԲ֣ܳ
ǣ֣Ժڵͻһǧɣ
ʱ˿̣޿ϾƹʬˡϾƹţھͲ˽˲õĴˡ
޿ų˻ʣ˼ҵһսҽӰɣʱһԵħЦ
ʲô˻ʣûӵĶƽһŨü󺺲мĿһ޿ΪҶĹϵڶ඼ûøУֻҪ࣬Ϳˬ
Աߵ߿޿ȻûгԼȴǴϷŰı飬ϸǴ˺εļӡ
޿ɫѿˡ
ʱԵϵĸаɣ
ͷòҪ
ʱҶͻȻ߾ƷϾ̤߾ãȻô֪ܵĳսѵ㶦۹û𣿻˵㶦۹һЩԴСĻɫҲԣ㶦۹ǿ߱Ļɫ
˫΢УҶQ˶ˡ
вңҶЦЦҲԣ㶦۹ǿô࣬Ҫɸǧ߾ǿ׷ɱңҸô죿˵⣬Ҷ޿޿ó˻ʣҿ˻ƨǣΪֻվһȺǿ󣬱Ⱥǿ߱šҪûЩ˵ŵĻɱɱ
޿ɱⱩӿ

һŭȣһ͵Ҷһƣ֮ռֱ̮ˣΧ֮ڵĿռǳ֩ѷ졣
ҶϴЦȴ֮ɫͷϾƹǿˡҴ⣬׼ʱϾͻȻվǰֻϾǹ͵شֻ֮ϣϾ䣬˻ȥ
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ڲͷڹ𣿡һԣħЦ޿ҿǴδ˻ʽأϣʧȻ̫û˼һ㡣ɱ£ˡ
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˵ǣϸҲʽҵ߲һԳշҪɱⰲϾҶ׾ٵ𣿵Ȼ購裬Щµ𷣣
޿һ˻ʽֻ˿״һɣҶ˵ЩʲôĻһֱӳҶӶȥϸҲǽų֣ϸгҶ
Ҷһ飬ǰϾƵ޿ЩϼһﲻȥҰϾ鷳ƫƫԼѵԼ̫۸ˣ
Ҷ˲սһӣֻɢڵϣʱѾǰϸҪ֣ǰϾٴγҶǰϾһ٣ֻǰϾҶһˣȻ壬֡
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ȻƺҪΣʱ̻ãǾ޴ˡ
ܾϾĺ⣬Ҷ˵ͷ밲ϾߵһԣһĻ˻ħֱ顣֣ʥż֮Уķ˵ܹԸˣʹǸ߰Ļƽһ壬Ҳòϣ֣ʮƽֻбķݣ
˭˵ġ֮еģ
ô㲻޿㰲𣿡Ҷʵ
ϾһҶңڲңӦ˵ûг֮ǰô
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ҰҲл߾ǿߣϾһؼǿļ֮һڣ۹Ҷҳ֣ΪʹǶ۹Ҳܾһǿߵıرʱ򡣡
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ҶˣⰲϾλּڡֻǰϾôǿǿߴڣΪλùҺ϶Ϊһأ
֪Ҷ뷨ϾֵҷּңܡʵӦ˵ˡΪҵĳ֣¶ذˡ
ҶˣȻЦҡҡͷŷ֣ߴ½ûпɽ뱳˼ʹڿֲЩǸƣΪ˼ҪĻʵǼûʣڱ۹Ļ߾ǿһٴˡ
ˣ߾Ʒǿߣʵǿ֣㻹ң޷ֵסǣȥʥżǣòҪӲϾ
Ҷ˵ͷģΪǲģҵĿǬͼŪǬͼҾͻߣȥǵģȻǰǱҡ
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˷ܵĿ֮Уֻ䡱һĻȻѣɢ˿
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У֪˭һ漴˳ɽ˹ȥ


536 ˣ
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ΰ޴վڹǰ߾ʵ޷ȫж
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䣬ֳǰһ̽Ȼ͵һѹ

·ʯϣ߷һҽ漴ʯϹ¡
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Ҷ밲Ͼ޿Ҳӿһɴɫ֮ɴɫֺ֮޿ԵϻӰϵʱʧࡣ
Ҷ밲Ͼ޿ǷһĨЦ漴ӿ˽ŲƺҪҶ밲Ͼ
ףʣţ˻ʣ˼˻ʣȻͬһʱ˼ϸҶ밲Ͼ޿ȻǵЦԽԽŨţٴ̧Ȼ·ѹȥ

ʯǧߵȥڲšϢʱ䣬ԭʯ߾ֻʣ
޿ħħҪͣԭأǹõǶȥͷʥߣǶˡⲻǰĿ
Ҷ밲ϾͣԭأΪεʮֹҶ밲ϾãǵʵʮȻõǸо˳Ҳ˶ѡ
ͷǣǱһֱߵͷȻܾʮһٱˣҶ
Ͼ˵ͷ
һ𣿲Ȼ;ȻҶʵ
Ͼûоֵܾ˵ͷ
״Ҷԥס˰Ͼ֡


537 Ͼʵ
ҶĲռˣҲûǸ˼֮סϾ֣Ϊ˵Ҫͨ˵ںһ𣬲ȻɲͬһԶԷųġ
Ҷס֣Ͼ΢΢һתͷһҶû˵
ߣ
һȣҶŰϾֽɵĳʯ֮ȥȻûзɣȫ֮£ٶȸȷϢʱ䣬˾ѾԽٵʯס

ɵİϾҶһĨ죬ʯϿʮ˾ȻûܵӰƵģ
˼
ǷһĨЦݣһѹ
ʮ
һΣû޿ˣר԰ϾҶΪֻ˲ܹܰʮΣգͻȻʮѹ϶ֱӱѹġ
ɰʮҶ밲Ͼ˶Ȼͣԭء
һ̣ɿֲġ⾳֮ڱӿ˳ţٴνɵĳʯ֮ȥһΣ˵ٶȱ֮ǰӿˣ
һĻɫ΢䣬ʶľٴһѹһѹ˾ͺˣΪεһʮ
һʮڰϾҶϣϵ⾳֮˲䱻ȥ⾳֮ȥ˫ȶȻȥ־ֱ̱ڵˡ
ģͷɱǰɣ
ɽѹϣҶоԼȫͷڡǲǲˡϾҲüͷţгɻ֮ɫ⣬һ˿ŭ⡣
ƾǿ־˻վһĻԭ׼ջĵͷסһ㵵ĿҶ밲Ͼһʮ˶ܶסеľ𽥻˾ϲ
Ҷ밲Ͼôͣˣ
޿ԵϺȻ
ԣ޿̧ͷ˹ȥȻֻҶ밲ϾվԭأһǵҶ밲Ͼһʱ޿ɫ䣬ر޿ɫ˲Ը¾ǰϾҶ֣Ȼʱ˾֮è壡
˿ǵǵˣϵ֮һǱǵˡǺǣߵˣĿ죬ǰⲻڴ˵ºˣˣ
ɱõʱ򣡡޿ԵĺͻȻ˵һ䡣
ԣ۾һӰ˵ǣҶ˴ʱһ϶Ǳ˶ʲôֽţʱֵʱ
޿Щ⶯ƺڹ˼ʲô
ʧʧǱ뾡֣Щ
һᣬ޿˿ɫӰϣһ֣ⰲϾҶȥȻ˵δʥżУ£ܵõǬͼԣⰲϾҶ
뼫Ӱ˵ͷȻ˼ӿٶȡ
̫ǿˣûʲô취Ҷýǿȥһʮû򲻵ʱ뱩¶Ŀֲߣ㶯˽˭֪ʯϵͷֻʲô
ǣϾ
ѵΪ̫ˣҶ
ϾƤ΢ҶһۣȻʯ̭ˣҲ˵ģ֮ǰֵ̫ڣͷԣŻϵԽԽءȻǺ£Ϊǣܹһʮߵʯ׾ͷȥʥߵĴУ
ʥߵĴһȤûҶǿʥ߾ǿߵĴа
ϾҡҡͷѾԼ֮·
Ҷ׼˵ʱϵٴμǿˡ
ٱ
Ҷ밲Ͼɫ΢䣬Ҷ̧ͷȥֻǵͷЦ⣬·˵죬졭
Ҷ˫΢Уʩչ򣬾ʱҶͫһΪһ˲֪ʱͬʱһذ״ĺ󾱴ҶûйĺǱذף͵תͷ˰Ͼֻһֻ˰ϾԴ
һĻҶɱⱩӿؽϯǵ󾱵Ľ˲䱻ɣǺҲĵ
ؽ⣿
ʯ֮ϣ׼ֵǵǾ㵣СͦİȻԼˣԣСǿڸϢ
˼ûڳ֣Ц⡣
ʩչؽϵȻ࣬ҶϾȻһȭֺֻ˹ȥ
죡
ٱţҶεֵ߾ƷǿߵȫһȭͷսӴֻ֣ҶһѪ˫һ䣬ȥ

һŭƱȭһȭҶԴ˹ȥȭͷԽԽ󣬴ҶǰʱȭͷѾ޶ǰǿȭõҶͷͷ
ͬʱʮҶǰ֣ţʮгҶȫҪиȥ
ҶԳһĨ׼ʩչʱ䣡һ죬õóɫ䡣
˵Ŀⶼ˰Ͼ
һɹɿֲġ⾳԰Ͼڱӿ
ȭ⣡
ս⣡
ǹ⣡
֮⾳
֮⾳

һ̣˴ľʯ֮ϵǵˡ
·޿ͷһ˼ɵ֮ɫ
䣡
Ȼδ꣬һ⾳֮԰Ͼӿ˳
ɱ⣡
ҶǺݺݳ鴤һ¡
ϾֱҶһֱǺܺҵжǿ𣿽Ҹ㿴˵ţϾֳǰһգϣ
ҶܹоϾ˵ǸֺΧ־⾳֮ʱںϳһϳɵڳʱҶͷƤЩ飬ϾҪ찡ΪڰϾϸܵǿҵΣոС

ϾǾ֮ɫȻһǹµ˲ϣ˾Ŀ֮Уֱӵ˳ȥڵϺ󣬳·ʯ׹¡
˵˫ۣ˼ĿŰϾ
޵µ
Լû򣬿ҲⰲϾĶְɣϾ¶ʵҶҲˡϾûҲԻᱻϾѹסġ
ǼӰһǧӰȥϾǷһĨмͬһǧӰ˳Сţֻ족һ漴һӰ˻޿ǰ
ǰ㣬ңȴϾ޿ȥȻǾ㣡
޿ɫѿ˼㣬ΪͻȻ֣԰Ͼûһʤ㣡
ڰϾҪʱһ۵߳˰Ͼǰ߿ЦҡҡͷѾͷΪֹɣȻҾҪˡ
߾ǿߣ
ҶͫһԷȻܹʥżҶתͷ˵ߡɫĮȻ·ûпһ㡣
ϾֱߣȶҶֵģ
֪ߵû취˭˼˶ֻ࣬һأ
ϾĬˡ
֪̾ίҲίأʵ˼ұǿίҲֻš
Ϊѵģ
Ͼתʯȥ
ҡҡͷһһԵ޿ǿڵķϣһ㡣ڶҴѾͷ⣬㾹ȻҶɱģΪǴ½ף
޿ɫ
ûй޿ǿһԵҶ㣬СٴҼѾͷ⣬Ȼʻ㣬ҲҪ㡣˵꣬һӣԭڵϵ뼫Ӱ˲ը˿ȻҲ޿ֱʧԭء
ǼӰɱҶ۾һⲻɱ޿ʱ


538 Ŀֲ
Ҷ붯֣ϾȴֹϾһλ߾ƷĶ۹ǿߣɱ
ԣҶʼ磬Ȼɫ޿޿֪ʵǿ㣬治νôѡ˻ʣԴҾԼˡҪ˻ʽң˻ˡΪ޿ʵ̫˻ƺˣ
޿Цһӵļǲ˻ƺţֲҶ֪ۡһսģһԸģ
ԸҶҡҡͷ޿̫Լˡֻɱ㣬㵥𣿡
޿ɫɱⱩӿ
Ҷûȥ޿תŰϾǰ˵Զ㣬ʲô˼
ҹˣϾ
Ҷһ飬ڨЦЦǷȤкգƭϾ룬ǿ
ʱǵ˳Ҷ밲Ͼǰ˿ϾСŮޣϵϸˣĿ㶼Ҫڿˣ߰ɣȥʥߵĵͳɫƽȴ˷ܵڣ⾳һǾأ˵ڣһǰ֮ϹʱҲе
ȻԱǸýҲǱСŮޣò˵ѷɫ̫ˡϾýֻ˽ѣ
ǰⲻƽʱ޿ȻƾʲôõʥߵĴУֻصĵ˽ʥߵĶ˰ϾĻ˾ͰˡΪԴʱ밲Ͼ֮ĹϵԷԲǬͼģ
ƽЦһãϵһᣬֻҪСŮޣҾȥʥߵĵͳΣ˵꣬ɨһ޿ħԼˣҲһѾͷǶлᣡ
޿һ飬ɫһŲӬһѿ
ħҪŨüɫҲѿ
˿ϾǺͰ֮ɫˣˣҶôˣȥаɣֻҪ㴫ˣҾͽˡ
ϾֱӵˣҪʥߵĵͳ𣿡
ɫ΢䣬Ĭ˰ΣѾͷഫУÿһִжѵõ㽫ЩжԼ㣬ϵ㡣ǰ㳬Խʥߣֻʱ⣬Ϊ츳ԣԲʥѾͷȻҳȥܹоϡ̶ȣһҲǴﲻʥ߾ģ
һȥ·Ͼ
˵㲻ɹģ
ΪʲôʻҶ
ΪǾԲ˴ﵽʥ߾ģ˳̫û˲ɵԣעҪʧܣ
Ҷɫһ䣬·ڿƣ
ϾɫҲ
˵Щ£֪ˣûкôֻҪ֪ҪǿĸǿıиǿʮٱȻǧվữһѳΪĳЩ˵̫ˣ
ǰ㲻ŻǰɣҶǰ½Ͽ˴·أ
˭ɫһ
ʦҶΨһ·ˣˣ·ش˸顣ǰ˵Щ·ô̬Ļ⽣ʦôܴ·ߣʦȻţϾպĳɾͿ϶͵ģ
ʲôʦģ֮дһ˿С
Ҷҡҡͷ֪һƷֻ䣬ˣƷֻûеļ䡣ֻǸңŬǿ
˵˵ͷԭˣԭˣǺǣǾĴ·𣿡
ʲô˼Ҷʵ·ԽԽˡ
ҡҡͷϾѾͷ֪ţǣСʥߣܹʥȻĶ֮ǵõĵͳУ˵Ҳо޴ôġ
УΣϾָҶ
Ҷסˡ
˿һҶȻҡҡͷȻҲǱ㣬̫ˡʣʥ߿»ῴϣĻͿ϶ûˡΪϣϣ¾ûϵˣ
ˣ
Ҷʼ磬ҲʥߵʲôҲûʲôȤԷǽʥߣ϶ȤϧԷǡ
ǿģϾ˵
ǿǿ㣬̫ˣ˿ҶĸܣҶȻʹ̧߰Ͼ
Ͼ˵ʲôʱҶͱƼˣȻһ֪Ҫ˱ӳʲôءͷ˵ûʥߵĵͳ϶аģȻаΪʲôҪܾңѵ֪ߵǴĽĵͳ˵ûôģ
͵ĿҶһۣСʶȤ
ϾĬһᣬȻʵǬͼ
ǬͼɫЩŹֵĿһ۰ϾǬͼʲô
ΪҪҶǰǬͼЩ֪ǰ
˻˻֣Щ䣬Сӣ֮ǰʶȤķϣȰһ䣬ǬͼˡƹҲЩȥõȻȥɡ
ΪʲôҶ
Ϊŭ֪֪Ǭͼʲô֪жֲ൱ڻ߾ǿߣ⣬𣿡
൱߾ǿߣҶ㵵ͷңô̬𣿡˵ţҶָָԶ޿Ͼаϵһ˻ʽôǽʲô̬ģ
֪Цһ˻ʽ鲻ǳ˯ˣˣ㿴̬̬Ѿͷеǹǵ鶼ֻǳ˯ˣˣںϣͻ֪жֲˣ
ҶһʳУҲн飬Ϊʲôǿ
һ飬֪㵱񰡣Уʲ
ƽ˻ʵҲҵǣҶƲƲ죬ЩĿһ۹ʣ̫ˡ
һ飬ЩŭʶıȻ
ΪʲôǰʶʣҶæʵ
Ϊ߸˵ʲôһƽҶйʷ˳߿һ۹ʣȻˡ
ҶᣬòһʶʵˣڶԷҪ˵ʵʱֳ֣쵰
ˣϻˣǸȥʥǼһĹаɡСӣǿСŮ޵ķϲŴȥģȥʵ㣡
һӣϾҶֱʧԭء


539 ʥߣ
ҶаϾʧʯʱʯϵʱʧһȻһĳʯ֮ȥȻʥߵĴûǵķݣôĹ϶౦ģȻѾˣôֻܿȥ
ƽһħһҲȥͲǳʥߵĴģΪʥʥߣʥôܽдħ壿֮ʥżҪǳʥ߱ģ
һʥ߾ǿߵĶ˭Ķ
Ψһû޿һˡ
ǵô죿ֳǰʵϲûи޿һˣ͵ϮҶ밲ϾʱûлμӣҲΪӹһ
޿һǬͼܻǰϾҶУѾûκ塣ʮŵų˵ء˵⣬޿һ£ֵɻŵĴͳ죬а¥Ӱ¥¥Ĵ󸱸
һݣ֪Ǵ˱ɱҶľˡ
޿Ŀһʯ׵ľͷҲãҰǬͼȡ˵꣬תȥ
ʯĳ޿ȥü΢
ǰΪʲôȥҶϣԱߵ½Щʵ֮أȴǲȥҶ½ǲˬ
һ½㿴ˣ޿Ҷ밲Ͼûа취˼Ҫɱǣ͸һֻô򵥡ȥҶ޿Ի⣬޿ɱ㣬ץ㣬ʲôȥֿ˼ң
ǻҶ밲Ͼ𣿡½СЩ㡣
ҡҡͷôôѣ֪ΪʲôҶʥżҶȻĺ飬Ҳһˡͻ֮ʱҲѡǰһ̣㵱ѣԣ԰
ǣԼҪеֱԣڵʵߣ˳Ϊ׸⣬ܰﵽ𣿼ȻܰﵽֻΪ׸ΪʲôҪȥԼúɡ
½ĬˣɫЩ԰ס
߰ɣû´ʥߵĹڣ϶似ȥˣɾûǵķˣŽ˳ʯȥ
½ԭسĬãȻҲȥ

ʥߣ
һУҶ㵵ָǰԶͨһӣòûʲôĵطӦ˵ͨǳͨûͨˡ
ϾҲһ˿죬ȻҲû뵽ʥ߾ǿ߾Ȼ˵ͨ
û뵽ɣߵȷʵʥߣҲǾ޲žء
ɫ󣬲˵ʥߣҶʥߣԶЩʥһʧˣˣ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ҲˣҲ㡣˵ţߵʥǰҪȵˡ
Ҷ밲ϾصĿ֮УһЩõ͸Ӱʥͷ
ֻ꣡
͸Ӱʥߵķֻꡣ
ʥ˫ۣĿ˰ϾҶϣϾʱ΢΢üŮˣ
ԣҶ˫ֳһ˿ɻ벻
˵ɲһˣ⾳ȫﵽ˾ء츳ʹǸʱҲǳ͵Ĵڰɣ
ʥһ˿֮ɫϸһ°ϾȻǾ޲ž츳û뵽һǧغ󣬴½ܳܲϸֳЦ⡣
ţʥֿҶ
СҲ㲻СС;ʹﵽ˽أҲţСŮޣȴѷɫ١˵
أʥ΢΢˵ͷʹﵽأȷʵţϧˣҲֻŶѣǾ˵ţʥĿ˰Ͼϣһ˿ԥǹһᣬûԥ˼ᶨ
ʥ߿ţϾ΢΢ü֪ΪΣЩϲʥߡ
㻹𣿡ʱǵ˵СŮ㶼⣬Ҹұ֤ҲҲѡˡΪСŮ޵츳ǵһĴڡ
ʥ΢΢ͷȻϾСŮޣԸҵĴУˣܶҲ˽⣬ҽһұҶƣʮﵽ߾ʮﵽ߾پʮﵽʥ߾Զţپʮ֮ǰﵽʥ߾ģһֶֻù
ðһ䣬ǰˣǻţҶȻ
ʥüͷ΢壬ƺЩãǽ͵ʥ߾ǿߣɱ߱ɱǲġΪѾͻﵽ١ԣʵ֪
ԣҶ΢΢ͷһƺâ
Ҳ봫ĵͳʱϾͻȻ
ʥĿ˰ϾϣüʵΪʲô
Ͼ˵أֻѰǬͼ
һ飬ҶǾ㵵ĿŰϾǬͼⰲϾΪǬͼҶ֪ϾǬͼԲΪ˻޿ȻΪ˻޿Ǿֻʣһˡ
ǾΪҶ
ҶԼЩˣоġ
Ǭͼʥ߿һ۵ˣȻǬͼУƾʲô㣿㲻ҪǿɣǺǣȻҴʱֻһƷֻ꣬һ߾һܹ׻ɱġҿԸһᡣ
Ͼ
ʥߵҵĴУ̳ҵͳǬͼ⹬ڵıġ˵һ£Ϊ㲢ûʧʲôֻǽҵĴУȿʵܵõһ
ϾһҶȻʥߣҴӦʥ˵£ûл
ʥϸֳЦ⣬ãȫſ񣬴һʶ֮У㲻ҪֿĽܴмɣף
Ͼüͷҽܹ񴫳Уƺ񴫳ʱֻǽļ䴫͵УûȫſʶҪ֪ſʶֿԷжĻǼΪΣյġ
ĴУӦֻǲִаɣȫУȻһʥЦֻһƷֻ꣬ѵ㻹ҶжⲻɣߣʱҪж⣬ƺûз֮ɣ
ʥߵĻҶüͷĸˡ
Ͼûԥˣ˵ͷɣ
ʥһĨ˷ܣҪ밲ϾУʱҶͻȻվ˰Ͼǰţ
ʥһĨɭɱ⡣


540 ʥͼ
ʥߵɱ⣬Ҷһݣæǰţ봫ǰĵͳǰȫ
Ͼ˵ʲôȴǱҶסֻ֣ҶЦϾѾô񴫳УǰĴоøңΣ
ϾҶΣ˵ͷֻһ˿ɻ֮ɫ
ҶĻʥɱɢȥֻЦݣСӣʵȻҲǱҲԣǱСŮ޿ǲࡣˡֱԣҲҵĵͳƽӹˣȻ㲻ƽӹȴ˱㣬ҵ˼𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷǽͨأ
ͨ
ʥɫ΢䣬ʥƮҶǰעҶΣЩ̾Ȼǽͨû뵽;ȻܹͨСӣʶĽ֮У츳۵ĻԽǰʮ
Сӣǰô˵ǽͨߣһԵĵЩһȻ
ûңҶ̯̯֣Щ޹
ᡣ
ʥ߿˿ҶȻֿ˿Ͼһ˿ԥΣջҡҡͷСӣȻǽͨǱСŮޣǲһЩԣһǾҵĵͳСŮޣ
ʱҶǰ̤һһصܡܵصʱʥɫ䡣
ǽ㾹Ȼ˽򣡡
ָҶЩˡ
ʥг˾֮⣬˷뼤
Ҷһ۵ʥߣһĨɱʥ˾ԲʲôˣȻûʲô֤ݣֱ˾⡣ߣҲ˾棬ȷ˾࣬ҲΪʲôҪֹϾܴеԭ
ڣ֣ʵǰȻܵӰ죬Ӱ첢֪ʹʩչҲܶʲô鷳
߾ǿߣĲ߾ǿܹģ
еɱ⣬ҶϿҵǰ봫ǰĵͳϣǰȫȻ˵Խǰ꣬ұ֤ûǰӢ
ԣʥû˿ԥˡԱСŮȻ⾳վֻ⾳ǰСȴ⾳֮ϵġ򾳡ҶԷеģȻѡҶ
Ͼ˿ʥߣֿ˿Ҷ˵ʲôҶȴǽ˽֣ȻͷһۣЦ㲻Ĵаɣ
ϾҶû˵
Ҷֵˣ֪ҵģûյ£ĴǰĴеġ
ʱʥҲСŮ޷ģȻ㲻ܴҵĵͳҲģȥҵıüɣмǵء˵ţһ۵ˣСͼСŮȥɣ
˵˵ͷȻϾ߰ɣǴС
ϾĿһҶȻŵ˳ȥ
û뵽㻹Ǹ֣ȻҪԼСŮޣʥЦ⣬Ҷ
¶ԼĿˣҶֱʥߣԭԷͿԼĵ⣬ʥ߾ǿߣҶԽˡ
Һܺ棬ô֪Ҷжģʥߵʵ˵ΪԼû¶ʲôΪʲô㣬СŮ޶ôǿĽ䱸ģر㣬ǰʩչʱҾȻ¶ɱ⣬Һĺأ
ҶʵҲܺ棬ֻһƷֻ꣬ΪʲôҪǲҪᣬһƷֻƺҲɣȻܶᣬĿʲôأҶҪ˵ķϣ㲻᲻İɣ
ȤСӣʥЦЦȻµҪᡣ
ΪʲôҶʵ
ʥһţҶĿ֮У͸õӰԽԽŨģʥߵӰʵʵʡ
㻹ûҶѹסе𺳣һʥ߾ǿߡһûʥ߾ǿߣ˵ˣû˭𺳡
ˣʥһӣµ˲仯һѳһǰұʥ͵Ϯ٣Ҳ㱻ɢҺõùƵĻǱȻҶһ꣬ڱ޺ãڣֻȱһܹܵʺϣ
ԭˣҶ壿
ʥЦ֪Ĵ㣬ǲ㣬Ȼ壬ûļУ粻ʥ߾ʥ磬ǣǰûƭ㣬Ҫɱһ߾׾ٵģȻû˿ʤ㣡
˵⣬ʥ߶˶٣ʵҺܾϲΪĴڣҿ»鷳ѾͷȻҵĶ֣һ߾Ʒ棬ǰʵߣǻһֵ飬ڣǿ߶ԻЩвġãĴڣҲȥðΣȥѾͷ⣡
һ⣡ҶؼΨһʥ߾ǿߣȻڲǣǡʵǣΪʲôƬûʥ߾ǿ߳Ҫͨͨ·ܹΪʥ߾ǿߣ
ΪʥߣҪǾ޴ģҪһΪ֡½УڣƬؼûˡͨ·ܹʥΪ·֮ϾƬ֮磬ƬСԣͨ·󣬿ԻáȻʥʥߵ
·˭ڲٿأҶʵĵһ⣬ΪϵԺδҪԼδҪԵĶЩʲôˡ
ʥߵҵĶ᲻ᷴûʲôڴֻǿ½Ѿϡ˴½ʷ͵㡣֪ΪʲôڳԼ˻뽣û´Ļһˡ
ʲô˼Ҷʵ
ʥߵ½ߵ㣬ûʥߣֻҪһʥ߾ǿǰܹɨ½ƬȻоΣգԣŻһˣȫˣ˴ͨ·ֱӻٵ·Ƭܹӣػ»ֻǿϧܲԸˣ
ƬڲٿǵҶüʵƬǡˡ
飡ʥߵˣ˵ҲˡӦҲĿˣȰһ䣬ûǱ𷴿Ϊͽ֮⣬ֻʹࡣúңһʧʹһ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷɣ
ʥ΢΢һЦʶȤСһģҲ̫ʹġ
䣬ʥ߻һĨֱûҶڡ


541 ϵ
ʥ߽Ҷʶ֮УȻҶʶ֮УһɫȹСŮĿ
㣬˭ôʶʥû˵Ȼž֮ɫ
ܹʥ㲻һϧǣغ󣬾ȻûƷҪȥҲͰˣǰǸŮģҶܣȴ·㲻ߣƫҪ
СŮ̧еıʯȨȣʯȨȽط߲ɫĹâ
㣬㣬Ǹˣô⣬㣬ôܡʥ߾ؿСŮǾ֮ɫ
֪̫ˣ
СŮȨһӣ߲ɫâ˲佫ʥûţ߲ɫâ֮дʥߵŭ
ҲģҿһǧأһǧذҲģҪ䣬Ҫ䣬ɱ㡭
߲ɫâڣһɫâƺҪ߲ɫâ
СŮһԭʵҴʱ״û취ڲһѣֺ˱ĵ̣ͨ޷ʩչ˶ʰ㣬ҪǱЦ
СŮȨһת߲ɫâʢǸճɫâٴαûţ߲ɫâڴʥߵĲҽڽţɢ߲ɫâҲɢɫҺҶʶڱ˳
ֱˣСŮһɫЩҰס
棬ʥߵĲҽʱҶʱһ֮Ըʥ߽ʶڣΪиСŮСŮûʧɹİʥ߸ɵˡ
ʱҶɫһ䣬ΪһɿֲڳʶڡҶæǹ
СŮҶǰҶСŮЩɸֵôʲôʱܹһؼҰ
ʱҶͻȻ˫ۣؼңҪǸȥǰʥߵĻˡԭСŮˣֻǲģĸأǸߴ½һ
ܾˣĸһҵģСŮ۵¶һĨˣн㣬һڵҡֻطʵ̫ƫƧˣǸҲģԣֻܿԼȥԣǿ㣬󱿵Ϊʲôôˣô
ҶͷߣԼŶԷֻһСŮҶˡ
ƢСŮҶȥ˫ۣŬȥЩɫ
˴ŰʱҶ˫ۣȻվǷһĨЦݣ߾Ʒû뵽ЩԼһͻƷø
ΪңʱСŮƮҶǰûң类ˡ
ǣҶ˵ͷлл㣬һŬʵȻͻؼҡţҪǿܹͻؼң
˵ǸСССŮΪãȻһָʵͿˡ
ҪôܹҶæʵҲСаСȻڣƲ˶ԷһƵ¡
ﵽղǸ˵ʵͿˣСŮ
ҶסղǸˣܿ죬Ҷɫѿˣ˵ʥ߰ʥ߾
ôѶȣСŮɫЩ䡣
Ҷʵĵ˵ͷ
˲ܳΪʥߣΪûкаǸСĺֻҪŬһ㣬ʱҪͻƵʥ߾ʲô¡𣿡СŮ
˵ǺҶ㵵
ȻΪأСŮǺΪܹô̵ʱﵽڵľ磿ǺΪܹǿǺΪЩ޻㣿
Ҷ
ĬΣҶ˷֮侲Ȼñ֪кô
Ļ߾ǿ߶ɱ㣡СŮ
Ҷһ˰ΣֵкǲζţֻҪԸ⣬ͿĳЩﵽ߾ǿ߲ʥ߾
ԣ
Ҷһϲһʥ߾ǿߣζʲôζһ޵дɽʱʲô۹ʲôţȫǸƵĴڰ
ȻСŮܿ͸һˮڴĺ٣һ߾ǿ߳ʥ֪кΨһĽǶԷץ㣬㵱һרŸԷڵʵһ㷴ضûУ𣿡
Ҷͷ亹СŮ˵ûԼȥˡȻ֮ĹϵԣҶɲŶԷ̵ܹסջǿܹʥĶ˵ԷϵĿǰùϵ˫ˣǸӣԷ¶֣
ǧأĿʲôȻǳʥڳʥǰģǲֵһᣡ
ҶҡҡͷȥʲôʥˡˣļԶ
ϵڹꡣСŮһ˿˸Уȥǳ
ϵʲôطУڹǶԶ
̫ˣ֪
Ҷ
ߵҶСŮС¶һ˿ЦݣܿΪʥߣҲܴﵽȥֻҪúʵСУպһָʵҿϵҸҸͻˡģٲôģ֪ת϶ǲ֪ģǵҩڳһţܹʥʱΪ㣬һ«
һŵҩܹʥҶ˹Ĳܵˡֻ⿿ԥһ£ҶСĴǣǸǲ̫һ㣿Ȼûл˼Ҳ֪ʵ̫˼һЩ˵أ
СŮӵĿһҶΪԭ֪ˡ֪ҪľǺúñǿΪҪˣʱʵǿĻ޷ģʱҪˣ𣿡
ҶɫҪĩˣ
бҪƭ𣿡СŮ˵磬κһûʥ˵綼ĩһġͿŬ˵ˣˣû±ңˣҪϢ
˵ţСŮʧҶǰ
ʱ˴˽ҶʱһϲʥߣɹˣǲҲýҵķӡˣ
ʥߣ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣漴׹ˣǰ˽Լʥˡ
뵽⣬ҶǷһĨЦݡ


542 ô
Ҷ˫ۻ˫ָһǳǿߵģĮСŮأ
˵ˡ챦󡯣뿪ڽųȻܻġʥߣ콫ҵķӡ⿪ɣطһ꣬ʵܲˡþûŵµĿˣ
ԣҶһϾû¾ͺá£Ҹں꣬ЩһЩ飬Ҫҳ׻ָˣڽ⿪ķӡ
ɫһʥߣ㲻Ҫڰɣ
ҶӦףȻ޸˴󲿷֣ǲδȬǰǿжᣬǽͨ־Ϊͣˣܵһ̶ȵĳһּȱʧȻ㲻ԸȵĻңҪνķӡˡ
˺ɵĿһҶļ⣿
Ҷ˫۵ȻĿ˵һۣȻǾˣ㲻Ը˵Ǿ͵ҳ׻ָڽϵķӡ˵ţҶȥ
ʵҶлЩģǻ߾ǿߣԷĻʮġܹ߾ʵԽɱ߾߾ʵնɱ߾
߾߾֮Ĳ࣬κζֲܹģ
ʥߡתȥҧҧеǣʥߣһûмصķֻҵϣֻҪ㽫ƷֻջȥȻܹˡ
ԣҶһݣͣ˽Ų˫΢գΣҶ˫ۣһƿϲһΪȻܵ˵ϵƷֻꡣܿ죬ҶˣʥߵĻǣ˵ǡʥߡȻʥߵĻǼѾСŮĨȥԣҶҶ
ˣҶܹܵϵƷֻ꣬һԿΪûмķֻ꽫Ҷʥߣ
ҶתŵˣǹһĨЦ⣬һ

ͻȻͷҽ
һӺ󣬵̱ڵϣʹ֮ɫԹĿҶʥߣ㣬õƭӣūһ껹ŹҡĵİѵͲɱ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷѾɱˣ
ԣͫһؿҶ㣬㲻ʥߣ㣬ǸҶ
ˣҶЦɣ
ôܡ˲ŵؿҶôܣʥôʧܣ㲻һ߾Ľ޶ѣôֵܵסʥߣ
Ҷⲻùĵ£ڸùĵԼֻһ䣬ھͳȫ㣬ԱôҪľӦҵ˼
ҲūңȻһЦһˣⲻյĵطұūһˣǺǣҪūۣ죬㲻
Ҷô˵ˣ
ԹĿҶҸ㣬ҲҪСŮޡ֪ʲôطҵڣҵڣ𣿹
ǬͼԣǬͼ飡Ҷɫһ䣬û뵽ǰͷȻǬͼ飡
û뵽ɣЩʥߣ㵱ȻҵԱ㲻ǣԱƬһжڣ㣬ǸСŮ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪Ϊʲôʥ߻ʧ𣿡
ƤһΪʲôǷǳɻģʥߺôҲʥߣôܻʧܣôܣ
ҶЦҵܣֻ㣬ʹԱҲԱҿҲΣһףҶʮ꣬ʮڣңʮҷ뿪ô
ʮꣿЩ⶯Ǻܿ죬ֵƾʲô㣿
Ҷֵ̯̯һ궼ˣںʮ𣿶ʮ˵ǵָ°ɣУҺôҲǽʣеİɣȻ㻹ǲţ߲Ըʮ꣬޻˵ˣԱɣҾԲ㡣
Ҷӣһ鴤ǰһ޿֣Լǰװ
Ҷֵ飬ҲףԱֻҪʮʱѣ˶ʮ꣬ͻָʮ꣬˵һ㶼ô㶼öһģ𣿡
ֻǶʮꣿ˳
Ҷ˵ͷԣ
ãҸʮ꣬ʮڣ㣡˾ˣҶ˵زų飬еѡϣŲȥ뵽Աߣһ궼ˣֲʮ꣬Ҳ˯һʱ䣡
ԣҶЦˡ
ڵ˵Ĵ£ҶһΪ챦󡱵ĴǰһӣܵĽƱɢȥ˵ǻ߾Ʒǿߣʥвܴԣû뷨ֻŽס뿪ͽſ
Ҷ˵ͷ߽˴֮У̤ȥһӰϮţһȭͷĸҶֱӵ˳ȥ
һԵ˫΢գһûģΪֵǰϾ
ҶվЩ£˪İϾϾԴỵ˰ɣ
ϾҶҶһ飬Ҹ㣬ҿҪ˰ȻǿҲֵסⰲϾȭͷ
㻹ҶϾߵҶǰʵ
ԣҶкܶˣΪⰲϾܲµʥߵͼǰ֣ӦֻǰԼʥߡ뵽⣬ҶҲƽˣµ˵ͷʧˣҵȻң
Ҷδ˵꣬ϾϣһȭҶĸҶٴηɳʮԶ
ҶŰϾϾ˵ˣҶҶҲʥߣúÿ㰡
֪ҶϾҶȥ
Ҷһ㶣ȻȻŭ֪ҶִңԴ𣿡
ô򣡡ϾԼࡣ
Ҷһ鴤ϾʣҺûеɣιˣڶ֣ҿɾͲˡ
ϾߵҶǰҶֱҶȻ˲ŵ֪֮ǰΪҲȥʥߵĵͳҲ֪϶ǶԼĲһ֪ǲΣգЩҶ֪
ҶĿһ۰Ͼ֪㻹ң̫˼ˣ
ϾֳǰޱĿҶû㱻ˣ˸ô죿ҰϾָô죿
Ҷ


543 ٷ棬
´ڸԼңҾɱ㣬Ȼɱ㣡ϾֱҶ档
ҶаղôģҲ֪ЩܣЩܹеȥʥߡûУȥʥߣעʮҲᣬ£ҶȣԴ
ǱˣҲô𣿡Ͼ
ҶЦ޿Ҿ;Բᡣ
ϾĬΣȻ£һ־һǷˡ
ҶЩⰲϾԭϾбҪֵôˣԺΣգҲȾңô
Ͼһģ
ҶЦЦˣǲ˵ˡѾõǬͼˣ磬ǬͼҲ˵ЩнǬͼߣֻǿϧ޿һ˳Ǭͼ
Ҫɱ˭Ͼʵ
ħ壬ʮƽСҿˬĶҪɵҶơ
ñϾ
ΪʲôҶ󲻽⣬ֻҪһӣǾͻΪʬһѣ
ɱ֮أϾܹɱħϣҸ˵ħƽλһ᲻һɱ㡣Ƕ֣һܹȵ𣿡
Ҷ㶣ʵ˵û⡣ڰϾ˵żǻǿ߰Ȼǻ߾λ϶޷ȵģΪ˲൱ڻ߾Ʒǿ߶ѣλǻ߾ƷĴڰ
ҶƵ̾һԭΪɱˬˣû뵽ǵš
ûоԵʵû˭Ͼ
ҶˣͼǬͼڣжٱ
۾£ҿϱ٣ҶǵĴڣµģ㶼ȤҾ͹˵ϵˡǬͼڣֻһǾҡʣµģֱǡٷ桷󡷡˵ţһӣҶǰ
Ҷǰһһһ˫ѥ
Լĳ壬ƿ͸⻬ͬһ澵ӣӰĵӳУߣָ֮ȫǹķƣѥӱȽƽʺɫƺûʲôġ
ҶĿûǱϣʮѥϣѥʲôô
ʯ죬ӵдռȻֻ˵ĻѥҲͲܱΪˣΪ߾ǿܴ߱ռ䡣⡶󡷵Ķ֮㣺һܹʹߵٶȣڵٶÿϢÿϢǧ
ڶ֮⡶󡷿ֱӴռ䣬ֱӴ߾ǿߴϿռ䣬Ҫ˺ѿռģҪʱ䣬⡶󡷲Ҫ˺ѿռ䣬ǿֱӴ󡣡
˵ĻҶǰϾɫΪ֮ݡֱӴռ䣬ζʲôζѥҶʵϳ䲻⣬ȫֱɱ߾Ʒǿ߰
ҶûȵĽѥյԼɽ֮У룬˳Ȼȥմ⡶ҶǸоԼëӯ΢΢һҶֱӳʮ⡣
ϾɫٴζݣΪҶⲻٶ̫죬ǿԽ˿ռݣֱӴռ䣬ҪҶ֮ǰûаԤףֱӴˣ
Сһˡ´μ棬һҪСһúñȱȣҶܵĴЦš
һᣬҶĿǱϡ
˳ĬһᣬȻ֮УǿĴڡ
ŶҶȤ˵˵
ˣ˽ȻǺ֮ǰպգһ˽һüʹʥ߾ǿ߶ɵص㣬Ǿܹӳʱ䡣
ӳʱ䣿Ҷüʵʲô˼
˵ô˽ʱҪǴ˽öԷʱҲ˵ԭԷǿԶ㿪ģǶԷʱ䱻ӳ١򵥵˵ǣԭһϢʱͿԶ㿪ĽǱӳٺҪһϢʱ䣬𣿶ǿ֮ս˵һϢǷֺ֮Ҫģ˵⽣ֲ
˵ĻҶ𾪹ͻȻðһ뷨˲սٷ潣ô


544 ޿ıɱ֣
Ҷٷ潣ڴٷ潣˲սЧ
ҶǱ
˻⣬˵ǵһλɱ˲Ѫ书ЧȻȲϳٷ棬ں֮УҲǰСΪ׵ľ˺ѿռ䣬䣬ûʲô˺ѵģеĳٷ棬ڷϣҪһ
⵶Ϧã
ҶٺһЦ
뵽ʲôҶǸĿһ۰Ͼ˵Ͼȴ㹻ˣ˵׸
Ҷ˵ͷЦҾͲˡ
Ͼ˵ͷ
Ҷˣͼ峡ɣǬͼڵĶҵģ˶ȥˣм˱ˣҵѡ
˵˵ͷһӣǬͼڵ˲á
ô£ףôˣݣӸҪõһ˰
ôˣ˭Ĺҵҽȥҽȥ⹷յʥߡ
ѵ˻ʥߵĴУȻˣǰϾҶ
˭ˣģԶʳŪ
ҪŪҶ밲ϾҲ˼һ͸ɵˡ

Զ޿ɫվʮƽɫĿ׵ˡʮϢ绢ɢſֲƣ˲ֱӡ
ʮ˾Ƕ۹պʮŵųÿһų߾ƷĳǿߣǶǴʬǿߣÿһǾ˾һŴﵽĵز˵û˿ˮֵ߾Ʒǿߣ
޿ߣվɫ׵ӣӾŷɥġɻšĴųĴųÿһҲ߾ƷĴڣ
޿ұվˣΪ׵˾Ƕ۹صİ¥Ӱ¥¥ų˶۹Ļʵ⣬û˼˵ĿҲû֪˵ʵжǿֻ֪ⰵ¥Ӱ¥Ƕ۹ʵеѵ
ѵ⣬ҲڣǶԶ۹Եģǻӣᱻⰵ¥Ӱ¥ܴ
¥ĸԵĸ¥⡣
ǵĿֻһǾҶ
Щɨڷŭ֮Ȼ󿴵޿ߵݣ˵һľԶ޿ǻƽһ廹ħˡе߸ֱתߣЦǿɲ뱻꼰㣡
޿ҪҶħЦҲã๷ҧħ˵һ£
СҲһʱħټôǿߣڶǳ֣ǵݣǸ޷ֿԣҽڳ롣
ħҡҡͷʥż౦ڹƶҶ밲Ͼߣ̫ϧˣ˵Ҳԣ޿ƴǲܵУҪ취Ȼɱһ𣬺ܿܰҲ
ƽһ֣ħʵ
ħԥ£Ȼ˵ͷһԵŨü󺺣ǵĴӦҲˣôֻܸԿֻȥˣỹ̵ô
Ũüԥ£Ȼ˵ͷԣƽһȻޱȣǱϾǴʣڳǿ޿޿࣬޿ɱģʮύ
ԣħ飬ûԥʹӦˣ
ħһ޿Եֳǻƽһһ𣬴»ǲҪҪȽǣ
޿һħƽһˣȻҡҡͷǣһȺСҲʲôˡӰ¥밵¥˸ҿˣҶƤˣȻȫ
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ȥ
޿һֽе˻ʽ죬ǬͼõҶҲûֹҲܡ
뵽ʣ޿̧ͷ˿գһλ۹档
ƶ֮ϡ
߳ζš
죬ƣ쿴ҪҶħϿһİ׷ߣֻʿ²Ӧɣ
쵭Լǻ߾ǿ߲ܶ˫˳֣Ҷ۹ΥԼֹɱҶôΥԼΥԼħ岻ӲɣȻ㿴ϷôζţԼЧˡȻЧô˴ħ˾Ͷɣ
вңħϳ
Լ˭ƻԼ˭Ҫ干ͬ׷ɱϲ᲻ǵ˰ɣ
ħһȻǵãģǸΥԼҶصԼֹġȻ㶦۹ΥԼҲͬˣ
ЦһҶ۹߾µľ񼸺ڴˣҶǵ꽣ʦҲø⡣
¿޾ԣЦ
쿴һʣһû˵
Ǭͼڡ
Ҷǰ˵밲Ͼŵߺ޿ʹ˳ȥˣ
˵ͷû´Ļ޿һ֪Լ޿ܵõǬͼԾȥáҲ˵ʱ棬޿Ĵ޿Щǿ¡ڣһڵȥ
ҪȺŹҶ
ҵĽڱȥ֪ʵǿһʮû⣬һǿܹжǿ֮ǰô޿ӣξԲ뿪ԣĶˣǳǿߣԲ٣ȥͶʮ
ѵҶЦһʱܹһ𣿡
ʲô취Ը޿ʵ
Ҷ̯̯֣ûʲôð취ֻɱȥǬͼѾõҪǻ򣬵ȻǬͼκˣĿֻҪǬͼ޿оͿˡ
³çıЩˣȫȥ֪֪
ҶЦİɣҲȥģ뽣뿪ɣڳȥаϾҲߣôųȥ϶˶ɣ˳ȥЩС
ϾһҶȻ½߰ɣõһˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ飬˷ۡ
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ôܣôܣôƵ췣ôܡ޿Ҷǲ֮ɫʧ૵
ʱҶ͡һʧԭأڳʱѾ޿ǰɫ䣬㿪ʱҶʩչ˽޿ζȻһ٣Ҷгٷ͵ؾһ޿ü֮
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551 ʥĽ棡
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552 Сеٻ
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553 ˣˣ
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ǿҶ˿Լȭͷ˸˷ܵĹâֻһȭܹѿռ䣬ʲôһȭѾﵽһЩ
һգٷ潣Уеĳٷ潣ҶҲûԼֱ۴ȥ

һڳ
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ԼڵѾǿ̶ֳȣҶЩšڵ˿ʩչ˻ʼ׺ǿҲ˵ʵѾһЩ߾ǿߣ
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ҶƬ̣Ȼ߽СߵſʱҶͻȻͣ˽ŲΪϵ˻ʼң˻ӡͻȻڷ˳Ҳţƺҽš
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ǺǣôѾſڣ
ʱڴһЦ
ԣҶͫһھȻˣ
ˣ
Ȼˣ


554 Се
Ҷһѹסе𾪣߽ǵ֮С
Уһɫֳۣһѷİ׷ЦӯӯĿҶ֣ߵõġ
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ҶһƬڵ羹Ȼߴ½СԼƬˣԼΰɣ
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ҶǰףΪʲôǻ⣿СΪʲôѡң
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559 ɩˡ
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561 Īˣ
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ҩ˴οɲֹһ˶ŽѣҶѣӲԣ˴Ҵ˶е߾ǿߣһһΪ߾Ʒʮλϣܹﵽӣ
Ҷɫݣû뵽ⶡҩȻе߾ˣԷҪһ˰΢΢һҶˣԷӦ֪аʥʦˣȻԷģ
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Ҷ˶ҩһۣȻ֪۹Ѿ֧ǿ߲ǰΪλҪң
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562 ɸһս
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ҩ˵ͷ˵ûǱʤֻˣܹЩûվӵһߡֻҪʤϣţЩǲԸȥ޿߹ģû˻Ը⽫Լ̽ȥ
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Ҷ˵ͷˣ

ʱڣٻڵǿ߶ԳƵټԪšԳƺףͬһ㳯Žһӵϣǿٶܻ࣬Ҷϡ
ŽᣬûֵܹסҶͷƽ
Խ߾ǿ߽ǧ˶ǿߣҪǽ׾ٵ£ΪٳٲϷ
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ԣԪųŵĳɫͨ죬ȴ˿ҷͬʱȴǺܲζΪʱΪһŵĳǣǱ˿ɫ£Ҫɫ
ҶЩŪûԳƿһԵһӡ
ӳǰһ˵ͷؽѾȫ塣㶦۹޵۹Ҷ߾ǿ߲˰λ޵۹ص۹Ӧǧ֮࣬ƾӦǧҡǵʵǲ˲ֹһ潻սǱذɣ
˵һ㣬ǾҶͷƽԳҶͷƽûʮ߾Ʒϵǿߣ޷⡣رǵҶ룬һ߾ǿ֣Ҳû취
ˣҷҲоƵģӵ
Գ˵ǽսҶǻƽҾУǵΣҶƽΣԣǱöԸҶİ취ȻպսͷƽضɻԵĴ
߾֮У밲ϾѾûܹˣӵ
ԳɫҲǳ۹Ĵܹһ֮꣬޷սʤҶҪǣסҶǿԵġһǧ߾ǿߣҪɱҶǲܡǿϧ߾ǿ⣬ʿʱ޷ﵽΪֻ߾ǿ߲ܹ˺ѿռ䣡
ҪѪ󣿡ӺȻ
ԳͫһԳƴĽҲɫ䡣
ĬãԳƵ룡
۹˸ҳһս
ʱ⴫һ
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563 ˣ
ԪϿգҶվڻƽϣгٷ潣бָ·ɫĮ
ԪŵܵԪŴ֮Ĺ㳡ϣȻ֮ϵҶƽ
ǾǽڵҶǿĽ⣬ôԶҾȻܹĽӰ죬죬˵Ľ⾿ﵽʲô̶ȣ
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˽ǰأԪ߾֮УܹһսûսԪŽٻһ㣬ɥ

ڣҶĻԳɫһ䣬Ҳû뵽ҶȻҵǹƥľԪսΪ޵
ҪҾģʱӵ˵һ䡣
һԪŵһЦýٺ٣ҾͲţҶܹǧ߾ѡ
ӿһϣȻûĻǵȺǣȥһЩΪǶ۹Ҷǧ߾ǿܹɱһҲ޷ǣɳǧ߾ǿߣȻ޷ɱʱǵɾ͵ڱҶڵϺݺݵĲˣ
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ŭĵһҶȻצеľƵݸҶֻСצסС㵽ҶԴϡ
ҶһЦڶСһеľƣҶѧ֮ǰһһ͸С

ʱһԵͻȻһҽ
ѽôˣҶŵĿˣʹࣿ˵ţһľơ

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ҩһҶһ˿ͣǰҶӦԪҪΪԪžͻΪһأΪʱܱѡߣǰҶɱԪôǿߣЩǿ֮Ԫ϶ˣеӣЩ˲Ҷ
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Ҳãҩ΢΢һЦ˵ǰͶҶǰ;ãڣҶԿ붦۹Ȼʵ綦۹ҶڣţԽԽͶǵġ
޿Ĵ󣬾Ϊ˰ٻҶΪУ޿˰ٻ߰Ҷ˰ٻô۹Ҫͳһ򣬾׾ٵ¡ΪûҶ赲ûĸܹס۹ĽŲ
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ǧݡһߣһӣһָ֧ϡ䡱һָ֧δоֱӱ顣

֮ϣһŭ֮мĳʹҶ̲סһҶɫ΢䣬æʩչ˽뽣ֿźһЩ
յºһֻǧɵĺɫִС֮˳Ȼٳǡǧݡȥ
ǧݡɫ䣬͵һؼͻȻӿȥֻһɲǣԲǧ֮ڵͱ価ա֮ϣһ貽޵両ֶţǧݡ͵سϿһס
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ϵɢȥ󣬡ǧݡջĿ⣬ɨһֻۣһۣͿ˰ٻڵĳʱİٻѾֻʣ²ˣǧݡӱˡ
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Ҷһ飬æŽлĻϴͽֻǣǸĻϣҲ֪ʩչĽģһ
ĻЩЦãСӣΪǴײ˰ЩǾռİʵ˵ɣһˡԺҪû¾ͱʩչʲôնνˣܼҰ
ܼң
ҶЦЦʵҲԼܼңһնνһĿǰΪֹѾٵ˶ٵҲȷʵû취Ϊһ㽣˵ʩչնνˣ嶼岻ʣ
Ҫֹֻ֣ܹ̫ˣ
ˣ߰ɣϿ޿ǼһŪɣȻúȡﵽ߾Ļ˵䣬Ȼת߽é֮С
ʱһʽҶǰ
Ҷһ㶣Ůôˣ
ʽĬһᣬȻȥҵһɣ
һ룿ҶûзӦ
ǹʵĽ


577 棬ߣ
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Ҷüͷһ壬㲻˵ʵ̫ˣ޷ƿ𣿡ǱصĽʵͺˣǿϧ⽣ϵҪ͸¶һ㣬ֻǸʵ̫̫
ʵȷʵ̫ˣѾǿǿϸˡǰһﵽĻ߾Żȥҵı塣ڣҵȲˡ
Ȳ
ҶߣιɱңԼ˵ģǽʦòھȥʵ˵ǲ뺦ңȻҲõǱΪŮ˿˵ģ˻ƽǱЬ䡣ǣžʵյ°
ھȥȥ
Ž飬ҶĿԽĲˡ
Ҫ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷ֪Ǳʲôϵ
ѵ𣿡֮оȻһ˿ջ󣬵ֻҪõҵı壬ʩչնνܹıԴʶĨʹӸԴ϶޿Դ
ҶԽľˣ⽣ҪҲ񰡣ԷҪԷģ統ʩչնνʱҪ֣ʮģֻҪ⽣ôͻȻֵ˼ȣ
㾿ôˣҶ
˵ʲôҶȴǰ˰֣ϣ˵ʵѣʵĻһġҪȥҿɾҪˡ
촽˶Ȼһ̾ٻʥƬ磬ƻƬƽ⡣ƬҲΪĵ־ˣණܶҪˡ
˵һ㣡ҶüֱʲôҪˡ
ҵı桯ڻ磬ҲƬ绹δγ֮ǰһҲƬĻ֮ɣ桯ʮǰƬһߣǴӱרŷӶÿһĻ֮ƬسǰδеΣΪƬĻ֮ȫһʧƬͻ̵ʱڻ𣡡
ҵĵڶһЩߣħ壬壬ԼʱδʧƬʶĺ£ԿЩߡĲпս߻ʧƬ½
ˣҶʵ
ҡҡͷɱǵģһЩǿ߲廹궼Ѿľ硣ûˣӦ˵ʹ־ҲĨɱǡǸСŮǿߣܹ
û˵Ƭ磿Ҷ˹оַǳĸо
˵ͷҵڶ뵱ʱ½ǿ߼Ƭ־֣ǿѹڡ᳡Ҳ˼ĴۣǿߣҵĵڶҲΪڲú䣡
ʲôϵҶ
鿴Ҷʹǿ֣Ƭ־Ҳ޷ѹסЩߵģˣ˵ҵı᳡ұŦƬ־ǿߵѹЩߡڣӡɶˣ
ҶƤһ˵ЩʲôҪˡ
Ҳ֪ҸоǰδеΣôõʱ䣬ƬԽԽǿԽԽ٣û˼׷ӷӡӡɶҲǺġ
жǿҶʵ
Ķǰʥ
ж٣
ܶ࡭
ҶһȺһܳô赲ǣ
֪ΪʱְϾ޿ΪƬظоΣҪ·ӡЩߣˣųְϾ޿֮ôΪƬصĴ˼ֻû뵽㣡
ʲôϵҶЩ
ΪĴڣ޿ºͳһ½ˡҲΪʲôҪĴڣΪĴڣ޿ĳɳͳһ½½ǿߣô߱ؽգʱƬƬ˶
ҶЩι˵ĺһҪҪɱҵģѵֻɱңҷ
Ĭ˰ΣȻӦúġ
ҶЦÿ𣿡
ֹ޿տҪˣ
Ҷʲôϵֲһġֻ֪˭ҪɱңҾɱ˭첻ңʵ߲
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Ҷһ۽飬û´ʵԲΪεĽɣȻѡӦòң޿˰ɣ
ĬһᣬȻѹЩߣЩкγңʮꡭұ屻Ǹطʮ갡˵󣬽֮мԹŭ


578 ʥأ
ʮ꣡
Ҷһһطʮ꣬һôֲ£ѹ⽣ôԹһ˱ʮ꣬¾㲻裬˸ҲŤɣ
Ҿ͸оûа취Ϊҵ˻Щǿߣҵʱֿܹġûа취ֻ͵͵ֳһʶĴҵĹڣȻ᳡ϣҵ취ȥҵı壬ֻû뵽һѾʮˣ
Ҷ£ȻȣҺͬǣҲĽʦ޷ȥı壬˵ȥⲻȥҲܶˣҲˣʵǹı壬Σ
ˡһЩƷҪģضǻȥҵıʶʱҾͲˡ
ҶЦЦҪһ㣬ȥ
ҡҡͷ֮ǰ˵ʦ޷ҵıƭģǲܽȣѡ񲻾ȡΪǽȳҵı壬Ƿӡؽ㳲ʱʹҲ޷ֹЩߣԣѡ񲻾ȣ
ԭˣ
ҶĬãȻǾȳı壬Щô죿ôԸ˵ģԵĻԸ㣬ΪҲǵڰҡǣӦҲףڵǣ˵ʥ߾ܹģʹڵĶǰʥ
ǰҵ˼ϣ㳹׳ɳȥҵı壬ڣѾˡ㲻ȳҵı壬ЩҲͬҪˡΨһǣȥлõҵı壬ȥҽʧ磬ЩߣȻ
ûѡˣҶЦ
ǵþˣ
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ҶճϻԨյʫĴҶиһĨɭɱ⣬Ϊ޿Ȼõħĺˣ޿ĴѾ¼ħ½ϣң£Ѿ˹ǡ
ڣǸ漱
Ҷһʬ泯ŹǷȥ֮ûлΪڵ֪޿Ĵ¼ħʱҩѾĴϣ˹ǡȻǵõʼ޻ֵ֧ġ
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ԭʼ޻ûôľ붦۹һսģΪ˫ʵ̫ˡʮɽΪ磬صĻеᣬݽսû˿ϣڵ֪ҶţҳΪ߾Ʒʼ޻ûԥˣ
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֮УŴص۹Ϧ£ڵϦ붡ҩ޵۹һֿ󺺡ߣ½
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ҩĻɫЩÿΪ˫ʵʵ̫ˡ
ҩйȻϣֻزĻܹһʱġֻǴҶӦףأǳ֮ߣҪģǻ޿εĻֻҪʱˣЩңض⣬һڲַ磬ǵĻˣ
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˳ĬرǴص۹Ϧ£ص۹ڣСأȻЩСҶʾص۹վһ𣬵˭ܱ֤һֱϦûһģΪ֮ǰص۹Ѿ˼ص۹ĵˣ
ʱҩֵǳҪԿ۹⣬ҪСڲЩҡΪһ޿ӦϣôǽǻԵѡһ޿ƳǣǾŹ𣿲ģɱǣƬͳһ֮ˣԣλСЩǵңһģû֤ݣҲɱ
»ֻ뷴УϦü
Ƿǳʱڣֻ÷ǳֶˣҩ
ʱһƳ˶ҩǰռ䴦Σҩüͷ
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ҩһŮ޿һ£Ǿɱ޿֮ʮ߾ǿߡ
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ҩҡҡͷɱ޿ʮ߾ǿߺ޿ȴûиҷһйСǵ̽ӻر˷װ֣Ǵ½κһķװң˼ϣ鲻Ҫڽ֦ˡ

޿й֮С
ǵ˻ʣһֹƵӿ޿ԣվһͬװһɫȹŮӡ
󵨣
ʱй֮һʱŭȵȻδ˵ֻ꣬ǰ˵ָһһöķƼǽɫһ䣬æʩչռȻǷȴ˿ǿռӰ죬ֱû֮С
ţ䡱һ߾Ʒǿıը˿ըôַɻصС
ɫһ䣬޿ɫѿ˼㡣֮˽Ϊʵǿһܹ죬Էû뵽Էȴһ٣ٶĵɱˣȫ
׼һӵʱȴóһö޿ǰ˻Ρ
öƣ޿üͷһ壬Ȼ˭ҲȲǣ
Ȼʱȴǳǰöƣ¶֮ɫû뵽ʥصˡ


579 ᳡
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ʹԵһλ߾ƷǿߣҲûж֮ɫȴûа෴ȷӵ¶˺ͰЦݡ
һĻ޿볡ɫǰ˾ʲô
㣬ôʵ
ӵΪʥ߾ǿǿн磬ѹߵķӡɶˣʥؼҪǿǰȥǼǿӡԭǶҲûʲôϣϾѾݽߵĵ̶ֳȣû뵽羹Ȼ˻˻ʴУ˻ʵ˻ʽ˻ӡˣкܴõģ
ӡɶ
ɫһ䣬µ棿
ӵȻȻҵôط˵ţ޿Ȼ˻ʣǾ߾ϵǿߣȻȥʥءħԼڤǶѾǰȥţʱǺܿͻǰ᳡
޿üͷһ壬죬ʮǰ½һߣ߲硣ʱһǿߵ£ŽЩѹһС᳡ĵطЩǿߵĺסطĿЩߡ
˵⣬˶٣ʱ½ԼֻҪһκ嶼򣬽Ϊ࣬ʥؿԳɱ
ԭƬ½ϣδ֪޿ЩζԭΪ۹Ƭ½ϣѾǳˡ뵽Ƭ½ϾȻһʲôʥأԼӣǸʥصʵԶڶ۹֮ϣ
˻ʣȥʹ
ҪܾȻʱȴ𣬵֪㲻ģǣ˵Ƕ۹޷ʥأǼħ壬Ҳ޷Կǡ֪Ҷ۹Ϊʲôܹ˽ʦ𣿲Ϊǵ۹ڵǿߣΪʱʥ˳棬ʦʥصϣûǶ۹
ԣ޿һһֱΪʦ֮ߣΪж۹û뵽ʦ֮ߣΪʥأ
ʦҪ˼ɵ
Ǹʥصжֲ
ʱ꿴޿ֵʱȣûжʱ˷ˡټе߾ǿߣȻǰʥءӵ˻ʽ˻ӡһܼ֮ǽдã
ʱλʥʹǲʥأֻǿ
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쿴޿޿⣬µ˵Ȼ˻ʣʱܺ硣򣬴ʱڵҶ۹Ҷ۹һսԣֻټҶ۹߾ǿߣģΪˣ
ҪһսȻ£ʥصˣܹһһշأ뵽⣬޿̲סЦݡ
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⻹ð죿ʱһһֳǹӵˣֱѹȥֵܵ㲻ɣ
޿һǿ߲͵ʧࣿңЩߣҵ֮Ҳ࣬Ǿأ
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޿ЦҲˣұ׼ģǣǵЭԣϣλܹȰ˵ЩͶȻǴһЭһȥѹЩߡȻλԸ⣬ҿʱھʹҵ۹ڵľǰȥ
Ϊ׵˰֣㼯֮ǲдһ򶼲СԿߣҲԴȻҲǲ֮飬ڵ֮ǷӡߣԣΣǱ㣬֮
ԣ޿дϲ
߰ɣȥЩߣתȥ
ǲԸأʱ޿ͻȻʵ
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ҩŮڳǽʱԵǹ۾һĿⲻڶҩŮϴţû뵽ߴ½߲ôŮͦİ䣬⼸ŮҪˣɲ
ǿ⣬ǹӵԶԶĴ˳ȥ˶˸һ
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Ϊɨһ۶ҩŮȻˣ
ԣϲһԾ˿УŶҩ޼ɵСŮǣûУӽԺǾҵŮˡģֻҪ⣬һȥʥġ
ݣ
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صĵ⣿Щ˼
гǹ͵һ̣ǹŭ˳˲佫ǵ顣ĿϦϣ¶ζЦݣ䣬ζҾϲģ˼
Ϧ֣ҩȴסȻˣλƺ޿°ɣ

쿴Ŷҩǵ֪ôƯķϣӾ͸˵˵ǵʥأǴȫ½ľӢǰʥذѹߵġҪ˻ʵˣԣǲҪηķˣͶɡСģҲ˻˺ǵģΪǶҵŮˣ
㲻ֹ·ɫȹŮӵ
䵭쿴ǣǵң𣿡
Ͳǵ£Ůӵ
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ҩҡҡͷʵжֲֻ֪˵˲˵ĻˣǻΪ˸ʹĴۡҶʲôˣһӣˣɲʥزʥأ
𣿡
ЦЦƬ̣ǸʹĴۣǺЦԱ˾ȻҪǸʹĴۡС㲻˵ڴϰɣģӽǹжӶܶסģ

ʱ޵۹Ĵһŭ𣬴ӳǽ֮Ծڿҡһ䣬һɴСĻɫʨӺݺݵײ졣

ǷһĨм֮ɫгǹ͵ش̳һɴСĺɫֶǻɫʨӺݺݵײһ
䣡
ɫʨڿʹİһ嵹ɶݺݵ˵֮ϡ

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ݣ
ʱϦ˿У΢΢һһڳһһɴСĵƳգն졣
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ٺһЦСŮʵ⵶Ҳԣ䣬׷ɱͷɫʨӣһתϦȥ
Ϧ˫΢УС͵سʣһƬն֮ռ˺ѣһĿռѷ˹Ͽա
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·䵭˵һ䡣
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֮ͬУ˻֮⣬Ƭ½ǵĶ˻ʲƬ½ˣǰϣ䵭
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䣬гǹ͵һǹ⴦Ŀռ˲ŤǹӰ˲佫Ϧǵ顣ͬʱسϦǰеĳǹֱϦĺ󱳣õǹǹ⣡
ϦСģ
ǽ֮ϣҩɫһ䣬׼˳ȣͻȻԶһϮ⣬ҩǽϵļŮʱһ
⣬·ȹŮɫһ䣬еĽͻȻһҷĲţ·Ҫһ㡣
ɫҲǱˣУһöķƸٵתš
ǵ⻮ƳգĿ꣬죡
ľתгǹ͵ؾһǵݺݵײһ
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챻ĳ˵˰ɿ⣬ųǹѾѿѪ˳ųǹϵ¡
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ڼҶһ̣Ͽ˶ʱڴ֮ǰԶ۹ĴϮʵκϣġҶֺ˶ã۹ûôˣ
ʬЦЦСӣӣЩ棬ߵ
Ҷûʬ棬ߵϦԣס֣û°ɣ
Ϧҡҡͷ򵥣ҪСģ
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ʱ޿һ˳ԶҶȻ޿ʱ޿ԵЩ߾ɫѿг˼ɵ֮ɫ
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ʱ俪ڵѵ˻㲻ģڣҿ˭ҷ
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ӣܴʱͻȻûϵԺ罫ĴڡǰŮӣģһúչģ
һԵʬҡҡͷûôģ


581 ǽʵɣ
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ʱͻȻѵǰ˸Σյĸо
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첻мһЦҵóϣĽƺô˼ǰûзʮҲ˲ң
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ʱؽҶӿɫ䣬ֻ족һеƷǹ˲ѣҶеĽ߳Դȥؼʱ̣ԴһƫõҶĽҰļϣ
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һҽУû˵档

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ʬһѪгУʥأСӲɱ㣬ҲҪɱ㡣
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ʱͻȻҶȥֻʱҶ죬ʱ컹δЩҡȣѾرΣ׵ĸͷһѾȫ֫Ѿȫ飬ȫģҪҶš
󵨣㾹Ȼ˶Դʥصˣʮ彫𣡡ŭ
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ڤҶУҶûʲôĵģҪڲ˵ɾˡ
֪֪ʲôʱԶʬ潻ֵսŭ𣬵ʥصˣ㾹Ȼ˶Դǣؽ֮أ
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ƺҲ˵ʲôشһƻ˿˿Ķ֮ڣ۾˲Բ·Ҫ͹ۿһ㣬ڣѪ˿У֣Ȼвˡ
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䣬˫ڿнһӡȻ޿һƣһӡһͬһ⣬һķʽ޿

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˰֣Ȼ壬ҳвϣҶʵ֮ϣ˵ǣʥأҲǰéĴڡҪǴȫƾԼϲãʥصˣʥǿǰҶ֮޷Ը
촽˶ȴûз飬ֻһ
ԭʵǿǻԽսʥأΪʥصˣڿǿԴͷˡܶԷ츳ǿȻɱʥصˣҪʹĴۡ
⣬޿¶һĨЦݡ
ʱ壬ȥ֪ͨʥصˣʥʥ
һ£ʱ޿һûãΪҶһλʥ׵ʦԣλҪˣýаʥǿߣʥ֮Ӧòȱʥ׵ǿ߰ɣ
ҡҡͷʥ֮Уʥǿ޷׳ҪǿгḶĴۡ
޿üͷһ壬ʥܳλҪл߾ǿߣɻ߾ǿ֣߳ǰʥʦضԹۣڰʥǿǰ룬ٶĻ߾ǿҲðɣ
ЦģʥӲǻ߾ɣ߾ǿɡǲԼ߾ǿ߲ܳǲΥģ
޿üͷĸˣλˡֱԣ߾ǿҶǰûκáǰλҲʵο߻һſռĿռ߾ǿ߶ҶвҶˡ
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޿ɫݣôǿ
ЦҽʥӵĳԱڲʮһ꣬Ѿﵽأһǽͨյĵ׽ţõĸʥֻеǳĶ׵
޿΢΢ͷȻǱȲҶҲ˶ˡ
޹֪ҽʵʥ֮УǰʮŲϡЦ
޿һݣʱ˿ΪμɵʥˡȲ˵߾ʥ߾ǿߣЩ߾ʥӶһֲĴڰߴ½ڻ߾£Ǵ½߾ǿ֣ܹԷⰡ
ֻҪʮֻҪʥӳԱǰҶ˻ͱɣ
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ǹǷɳһֻӣڵһʱ֪
ʱ޿֮УνǲľԱҶ˻Ȼִɱķ
޿ǱߣǾٳǻڡΪҶɱ޿ɱѾ˹ǣԹǵ˵һǿļ
֪УҶѾΪеľ֧Ϊ˾ãֻҪҶڣԶ۹ЩţҲģ
һǿΪǿߣ𾴵ġ
ƽϣҶ˫ֱ㵽Сȥ֮ǰӳ޿СһߣȴǱҶʹסˡ
Сһһܹ˶Բҿòãұ֤ռˣҶ˵Ųռˣȴ˵ͷһڣõСһСͮͮģ˫צסСһɬģ


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Ҷһصǣһתţƶ֮ϡǰʼʣ޻ʣԼλʡ
Сӣ̯ϴˣҶЦ治֪֪η޴֪ɱʲôطʥصˣ֪ʥһ߾ǿߵĵطΣʥʦҲס㣡
ôҲһλôôûôηʥصˣѵҶ磿Ҷ
ŭ㵽֪֪ʲôǿɲǶ۹ܱȵģ㳲ߴ½߼¶ɲ˼ң֪֪У֪ʦΪβ𶦺۹Ϊʥǿ˳ңӶɵʥأΪ˭
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죡һԵߵ
ҶĬһᣬȻǰ˵ǾȥʥҲ޷ֹ߳𣿡
ԣڳ˶üͷҲˡȻҶˬҲҶϺǣΪһò֤ݣؽʧڳˣܲҶӦûûɵ̶ֳȣ
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ҶƲɵǴŴǿǰȥʥأֻˡ˵пܱʥص˵ڻãȻֻҵĲ롣ΪһǽʥأôǸûлȨ
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Ҷ˵ͷʥѹߣΪʥ߾ǿ߽٣ƻ᳡ķӡˣЩ½ǿʵĽѾ޷ѹЩߡЩ֮ڲƿӡֻڵȸѡ
˵⣬Ҷ˶٣ֵʵЩʥص˿Ҳһ㣬ȻΪҪߴ½ľȫȥҾʵڻҵģȻҲֻҵĲ²⡣
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ҶȥȥʥأλǰԼɣǲȥġֻҪﵽ߾͸߽ȥԣǸʲôʥأںֻҪԷȥܣ߻ʥأɱ
һƽһǰʥأʱͻȻʣӦǵʥأʥǿ߳ǸΣʥѪƴߣҶ˵ģôҸӦǰʥȥԮȻʥصˣǻԶ𣿡
ʻЩԥʥصԸһԿߣȻԸȥԷ֡ʥصֻȥڻأػ½Ȼ𣬵˭Ըȥ˵ڻңã
ʱͻȻҶļϣʵǰ֪˵Щʲôжʱûԥ֮ɫˡ
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ʵһԼѡԸȥʥصģҲԸҿռһģһúñ
ҶĻǰŰɣΪʵ̫Щ˼ˡǶĻٷ֮ΡΪţẦҶϵܺãҲģҶҡĻҲͬģ
ҶԣٶһΣ
ʵĻɫˡݺݵؿҶһۣȻʣҪΪѣ
ǿҲҪȥʥأŻѣʵҲ֪ǻƽһȺԲҵ𣿼ȻˣǴҾ͸ѡԼȺҪߵ·պ·ˣҲֲñˣ
ǾףռһˣһȻʧԭء
ߺҶʼ޻ʣλǰǵĸȥʥأǽˣλǰӦúһ㣬Ǿʥص˿ߴ½߰ɣλǰȥ˻ᱻƽȶԴ
ʼ޻ʳĬ
ҶּλǰΣǲҵǰʥصģͬʱҲϣλǰܹȥֺ֣ξʥߣ
ʱ޻ЦˣȻСӣ˵ˡ޵۹ҲȥǸʲôʥء֮ǰĲȻֻǲ룬ҲмֵУʥصǸ̬ʵڲϲȥʥ֧ԮȴŪĺǶĪĶһ㣬ʵ
ҴؾûѡˣʼʱҲЦǶȥҴȥʲô˼Ҷ˵Ǿ򣬱ˮڡ޻ʣӽҴص۹߾ϵ޵۹ϵһ֧ɣ
޻΢Ȼ˵ͷɣ֣սض
֧ӾͽҶָӰɣʼЦ
ΪʲôҶҿɲ̣ҴΪң
ʼЦЦȣ֮ҪϣѣΪ໹ޣǶŶԷеġߣ໹޶߾ϵǿߣһ˻ܹŷ𣿵Ȼѵǵǲύ㣬ǻȥѵֻҪһͷͿˣ
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ҶԴ˵һ߾ǿߣʮ߾ϵ߾͹һˡ֮ǰܹ֮ɱΪ˴ڲõôǿ߶Ͷ޷Ը
ʼʳΣȻ߾ǿ߲ǧ֮һ߾һֻһ뵥׷һ֧ȻͳһѵѵΪʿΣ
޿ܲ޻ʳ޴ɽ֮Уе޼һ𣬿ֻһǧң⻹ǰһЩȺޡ
˽һǧš޼ݡ޵۹еһЩ޽׳ΪޡʱͻȻǸļޣΪҿռһȻܹ磬Ҫ磬ҪһĴۣҴ˻ܶ࣬޿˻ʽƿ֮Ľ磡
ǰʵҲƿ֮Ľ𣿡Ҷüܹ磬Ǿܹ˶۹
ʵƿǸĴ̫ˣҪ߾ƷǿߡңĳԱ϶Ҳ޳֧Ԯ࣬˵໥ɱõˡ
۹ҪԼҶλǰôɣ߾߾޵ֽ콫ѵһ֧޵еĴϾҪ۹ǻҪһ֧ӵģ
ʼʻ޻ʼ޻ʶܿ죬ܿ콫߾ǿ޵ȫ˳ڣ˵Ҫľʱ䣬ڣΪҶ֮ǰ壬޿ĿǰΪֹûҪǵļ
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ЩҶˣûȨΪᣡ
Ҷɨһۣ΢΢˵ͷ֣һٶ֮УѾʮﵽ߾Ҳ߾ƷϡȻЩ˵ʵ޿Щ£ž޴Ĳ𣬲ûϵûЩȥԸ޿
ͻȻҶĿǰһŵһϣ
һȻɴ¶һҶϤ
ҹɣҶüôˣϱأ
ҹɿЦЦϴû뵽ⶼû㡣㵱˵õģҴﵽ߾ͿԳ㣬㿴Ѿ߾Ʒ
Ҷ΢ůˣȻˣǾ°ɣҪȥһЩ顣
ԣҹһϲɱ۹ˣ
ҶҡҡͷҲҪȥɱ۹ߣ
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Ҷû´ڲһСҪͶ޿ҪľȥЩ鵽ֱ֮ɱȻҪгֵ֤ݣҲһЩûĵĺ

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Ҷ򶦺۹ķ֮ɫȻ֮ͬѾûʲô֣Ƭ磬ĳЩУɻߡڣҶһЩ򣬻߾ǿ߲֣ܳţܿ죬еĹƬ綼ûˣ
ʱڵʵ˼Ҫֱ׾ٵ£
УǸʲôʥؿ϶ҲưոݣߣҲǸʲôߣ֮δעƽġ
ԣԼﵽ߾Ϊֻдﵽ߾ܹʵȥ԰ʥǿߡңֻдﵽ߾ܹڶ㣬СŮ
عǺһҶԽǾϦ¡Ϊ֣Ϧ¸ϦƺЩͷãȻͷҲûд
Щ飬ԣҲô
֮УҶϦϦ˹ҶҪŮ֮ʱҩȴǺȻˣȻŮ֪˵ʲôŮһҶȻ뿪ˣõҶͷˮ
ҶҸ飡ҩĵһ仰Ҷˡ
ʫϦϦ¶Ѿͬˣҩֵ
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ҩȻҪô˫ȻҪ̹ϡ
Ϊʲôͬ⣿ҶȻʵֻǸ˵ͺˡ
Ըһϲ˹һ𣿡ҩҶȻҲ㣬ǣҶȷʵҲûʲôĸо㲻ϲͣΪ̫ˡ
Ҷӣ΢Σæתƻ⣬ȥ㶡ҵˣ˵Ҵ˷ѩ֮̿飬ҶһֻҪҲңδزҡ
ҩҶһۣҵһᴦãŮ֮Ҳʱ㴦ˡҪģǾΪ߾ӦףھŦֻҪһؽ߽⡣ΪҸ㣬ΪδΪպܹΪʦˣôҵϣȻҲûˣ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷģһҪأģ
ҩ˵ͷȻֵΪʲô˰Ͼ
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߾Ʒ֮ÿһҪǼӴģҶںڣϷȼճƷʯڶ̶̰µʱ߾ء
ҶȥһֻͣΪʫˣ
ʫһŮȡѩʫļҶϲĲˣͱŮҫ
֮УʫѩɫҶʫѩҶеһЩɱ¾սˡ
ϾĿͷҶĿֻƽƽԼ˻šȻ򵥵ĿȻûô״ﵽ
ܶʱ㲻ȥ£²㡣ңߴ½ʵΪ磬ûʵʹעҪ۸ѹȣܵЩʱΪûʵֻܡ
ҶԣͨһǾҪƽҪǻþԵʵΪֻоԵʵû˸ƽ
£ҶѵһƬ
޿֮ûǿйǣҪΪڵʥصˡ֮ǰҶɱΪΪҶѾˣûзҶлɳˡڣҶҪڻУܡ
ʵǹǵܹĹƹǣΪҶڱ̬ҲʹʤˣҲǲʤ
ԣûѡ񷢶ܹѡȴʥصˣʥص˳ҶȻڷܹΪֻҪҶһɵЩ˱ؽ߽⣡
һºڵȵҪȵˡ
һߣӣһŮߴ½
Ǳ磬Ũȣʥ֮һҿӣƬڲúͽҪݽˣ
һ֮һüĿһСü
ûϵԵߵȥǸҶȥһˣҵǺܺ棬ǸʲôˣȻҾܾʥصٻʵ̫Ϸһ̰ɣ˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
ߺӿ飬ȥҶɣϣܹǿһ㣬Ȼ̫ȤһЩ
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ǷһĨмУϣ̫ˡ
˵Ƭ½ΪʣʱһԵһ鳤ЩƵŮӺȻʵ
˵ͷȷʵ
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ʵ˵ܹҶֻҪʥصܹѹסҶˣͻôǡΪûѹҶˣ˵ʵ֮УǶĴһѡ
Ǿ˻ʣ˿Զ޿
˵ͷѾܹ֮˻ʽʵǿ
ǿʱԵһӲмǿͲǶˡ飬û뵽һߴ½ȻûˡЩףΪʲôܹܿʥӵĽ飬ȴܣ
ʱ鳤ļ޵Ůӿһ˵ӣ˵һ㣬Ҳ죡
ƺЩɵܿһô˵
ҡҡͷһ̾ǰЩ˸Ҷ޿ˣΪǵУҶߴ½ˣߴ½ʲôطǱǿĵطЩܹǱȣ
ǼҶ޿˵ʵҲҶ˵ġٴˣȴվûڿڣΪѾӼϿ˶Է̬Ҳˡ
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壬ȥ˻˵һ£֣Ҳھб˴ϣ
ԣһϲȻæܵ޿˵ǰ
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ʱһ߾ƷһŭһһԴͬʱʮ߾Ʒϵǿһ֡
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ѵʦǾˣʱһ߾ǿߺȻǰʮ߾ǿ֮Уһŵġ
ҸѵҲ𣿡ʱһ߾ǿվ˳
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Щ˵֮У޿ɫѿЩһЩġǣЩ˽ζҪǰʥؼƴһʱҪʧ߾ǿߣʥֲĵط
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뵽⣬޿һĿվЩһۣȻţ£
һͻȻЦν˻ʣνصĴˣνδҶ˵Ķԣ۰ָű赽˾ȻҪ̣ɴ˻ʣɵˣ
䣡
޿һ˲ǰȻһĵ
һȻص޿ԡ
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ⳤֺαˣ޿޼Ҷ۹ĺѣӦЭѹأ𣿡
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һЩҲ뿪ȴûǸӣ޿˼޼ڣɲ˼ǡʱ˭ɾͷ񣬸޿ɱӺˣ

ʱͻȻЦЦĺܴЦһ޿ϣġ
飬˵˻ʣҿôһų򣿡ͻȻǿ⣬޿˸պÿ
޿ɫеĽͻȻʼλʥصˣұǽԹȴΪҶ۹ۣ
Ҿ۸㣬֡
Ҫ˵ʲôȴǱֹ޿΢΢ͷ¶ʥĴ澴ηҲʥأûɶԸе⣬ǰΪҶ˵ҶҲǸµĶ֣˵Źͬĵ˵ģ
˸̨ף޿ɫ΢ÿһЩȷʵˣպ˵ǻҪֶԿߣʵڲӦôʱ໥ɱ԰ɣ
˵ͷ
޿ֵȻλ켸˱ģλɣģұ֤λҶ֮ĶԹǺǣ˵ˣԼλʵԸһҶֵҵһԾΪλˣ
޿֪ʲôʱЦҳϣҶʵȷʵֻ磬ʥأƨǾͻ㿴ʥصŵĲൽж󣡡
ĿԴ޿ʱ˿̣޿ͻȻϣҶǿһЩΪʵ뿴Щ˶ģ
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ļӳ£Źͬ籩һϯȥһʱ䣬˽ŭ


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ǳǽϣʿѾϹЩ߾ǿҲԴ
ǲʥصжǿǺ޿жǿٴʱ޿Կһ߾ǿߣЩɶܹշе߾ǿߣһ𹥳ǣǶԹ˵ģԣû˸Ҵ⣡
ǽ֮ϣҩ·Ľˣ֮ɫΪ⼸ٶ߾ƷϣҴӶԷɢϢ֮УҶʬ⣬֮ͬеһֻϦܹԷԿ
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ǽϣһһ䣬ĽŭЦãܺãǵҶǺǺųƽʮΣ
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Ƥһǽ촽˶ȴǲڶˣΪ֣޿ʱƺڷıԵ
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ΪβǿԳƲǵʵҪǹǣȫǿԵģֻʧҪһЩֻҪһʱҲͿˡϾʱ綼ƿ֮УҪټһ߾ǿߣ׾٣
˹ǣܹɱҶ𣿡޿ɱģʵǱֻҪʱ䣬δضΪǵĴУǰʥǿ߿¶κβԣҪĲ򣬶ɱҶɱҶҶ۹ûк󻼣
Ҷıʵ߾֮Ѿ൱޵Уּһʬռ˵߾һ߾ǿ߿¶ɱǻ߾ƷϣٻҪϵĻ߾ƷϵǿߣǡһʥʦԳƵ
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ҾͲҶǳ֣м
ܿҡҡͷǸƢɡ޿ôҲһλ˻ʣǰǰܵˣӼ˻ҧˣοŰһλ˻ʣУûô֪ǰûչ¶ȫʵ޿չ¶ȫʵ
ܿôһôԼʿ
ܿ˵Ķԣʱ֮һ֮ǰδ˵ͻȻ˲ûô
˵ûԵǰҲһֱĬҲ˵ͷǶ֮İɣ޿Ȼ˼ɵҶԷԲһ򵥵Ǵ⣬С
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ۿһ۵棬ǿ棬Ѿ˾ãȴɲĽ⣬û´ǰҶġƾ⽣˵ʵԲҵȣҲԲ󣡡
˵뽣ܿĬˡγȻԽΪףȴǲҺǰˣΪ˲Դǣϲ˵Ϊ׵ıض֮һ
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593 һ
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ϵĲм֮ɫŨһԵĽ뽣Ļܿн¶һĨߴ½ĽʣҲ

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ϹŮ˿ɱɱˣʬ뼸սһҶæҺܿ죬ͷˡΪ֣ʥ˵£ʬ澹Ȼѹˣʬǿͱɵˡ
һĻҶǷϲΪЩԽǿԽáԭʮ߾ǿ߽ūȻʵҲǰ⼸λͲˡܹЩƳɽūһ°
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ԭҪ𣿡ҶУҲ֪ǸʲôʥǸʲôֻǣʥ٣ɱ١

ŭҶ֪ηʶʥصʵͻ֣ᷢķ뷨ǶĿЦ˵ǲᣬڿͶҸȥʥظ츳ϣʥػһȻ㽫֮أҪийϵ˶
׳գ
ҶһŽȥһԵʬҲûˣһҶܿȥ
ЩʥصˣҶʵûкøУһһһһ߰ʱˣȻҪвͶЩ˵Դ
Ҷʬܿɫһ䣬˲˿Ĵ뱣ֶ׽æʩչȻϧǣǵĽ뽣Ҷʱɱ㡣ý뽣⣬ǱϵƲҶ
սһᣬҶԼ˵ʵԽˣЩ˵Ľ͵Ķǰأÿ˵ĽⶼҲΪʵսʶҲǳǿ⼸֣ܹİϾһս
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ܿ죬һԽǰһȥ
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595 սսս
ܿϢڽһᣬֲϢ纣õҶüͷΪȷȷʵʵܵԷϢѾ߾еģҪ˵Ȼ߾ƺ˵ʲô
㣬ͣ£ʩչʵģԶܿϢ龪
ܿͣ£κβǣ֮ҲǴһ˿
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һĨ˷ܿǴ֣ضܹնɱҶ
ߣٶȥصʥأܿҶȴǶԽĵ˵ġǵҶһˣ뼸ֶԸҶԻһˣУҶϿǻֻһֱڴǵ
ߣҶҡҡͷ˭Ҳ߲ˣ

ŭȣȻʱҶͻȻʧԭأٶȱ֮ǰٿһţĵ˱ǼԴ˳ȥҶѾصԭء
Ƿˣ
ҶҡҡͷȻԴ˲Сһˣ
˵СԴϹСצϡ
˲䱻ɱܿͫһĿҶϵ˫ѥϣܿû뵽㾹ȻѥӶǵ˵ţܿתͷļˣû˵Ļ̾ߣ
ϹٻˣҶ
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ͬʱҶһӣʮ߾ūҲ˳Уʮ߾ūһŽĵΧ˹ȥס˼˵·
ܿɫ΢䣬ԮҶȴǵǰܿɫһҶ㵱Ҫʥزݣ
ǰҪǺͽ⣬ȴǲԸ⣬û취ȻˣֻǲˣҶʼ
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Ҷɫ䣬ڤϵڴ˳ȻһŻһֺֻ˹ȥͬʱнߺɨܿĽݺݵײһ
䣡
ֱֻܿϵڤķѣƬ
죡
ţһٴҶĽܿĽݺһ𣬻Ľϵܿû˰벽Ҷȴǳʮͣ
ҶȴһΪ֤ܿǻ߾ǿߣԷʵˣʵҲ޽ӽ߾ǿߣȴĻ߾ǿߡȻԷĻ߾ǿҲη壬߾Ʒ߾ǿһսˣ
ܿе֮ɫԽŨˣΪƺǵ͹Ҷʵϧʵα߾󣬾ȻҶлûռʲôˣ
Щ޿Ϊʲô˼ɵҶˣ

ʱԶͻȻһҽܿһȥֻǽѾ˵ϡţܿĿУҲʬ˵Χе˵ϡУֻʣá
ɱŮˣҶȻŮǰܿãҪԷţΪ֪һͨͻȻʾʵǰŮʩչ϶ȽߣΪ޷ﵽ߾̶ֳȵģ
ܿɫҶҶԭʥ֮кͽܣڣܣΪΪ󲻵Ĵۡ
Ҷҡҡͷʥ⸱ʵѿҪŪһ㣬ҪΪеһֱǣҵġðɣҴ˴Ǽƽ£Ǻͽ⣬ȴֲҪҡɱңɱʵȻ͸⸱ӣҪʥΪһ㣬ǻҪ𣿡
ܿ˵ʲôҶȴǰ˰֣˵Щûˣ˵ˣǽõϣõǸʲôһͨ㲻˵ģһа취˵ȻھԱ
ΣܿĻش
ҶЦһӿ֮УŻһ߳ܿȥܿͫһ붯֣ͻȻһɿֲܣĽʱѹɢ㶣Ȼʧ㾹Ȼ˽򡭡
ܿ˵꣬ҶĽ߱ļ򴦣޴ֱõ̱ܿڵϡ
ɱʥ֮ˣ
ʱһŭ𣬽ճһֻ֣ЯĿֲѹҶ˺ݺ
Ļ߾ǿߣ
Ҷɫһ䣬룬һУ֮ǰǱʳ˫У֮Ҷӿ֮Уʮؽޱıţ͵һΡ


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ҶЦһЦˣҴǵ̬УֻǶĲмǻΪ˱ЩƴʮǰǵģڣҲš
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ߴ½ԻԸǣòǰæҶ
ܿдŨŨм֪ηʥصʵǰۺȴǶ߼ɵѣʥһ֮ǿ⣬Ϊ˭
ҶҡҡͷʥصȱپԣҪĵĲֿܲܵʥߣõĵáڸ˵ʲôҲɱ֮ĴˣҲڸϻǸһͨ˵ɣҸǽһʹ죬ȻܻĿ
Ҷ뽫ԷƳɽūȻȡԷļ䣬иȱݣǾǻõļ䲻ȫǲȱģʧܡǸͨ˵Ҫðգ
ܿҶû˵ȻҪף
Ҷ˵ͷ˼ˡ˵ţҶһһԵ飬Ȼ·ǹ⣬޴֮Уۣ
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ңܿŭ
֣ҶԵ˿Ϊһ㣬һЩɱʱԲ˿
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˵ɣҶֹʬ棬
ܿһȻһҪ󣬷Ҳòһ
ǾԲܣҶ
ܿߣʵκвֻǲӦԸԱ
㣬Ҫ߾һߣȻ
죡ܿȻȵ
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ҶЦЦȻˣ´αˣ㻹еڶ㡣УҲڸ˵ʲôݻˣΪֻ𣿡
ͷҶеɫʣĬһᣬȻתȥ
ʧҶ˵ɣˣΪҿԱ֤֪˵ĻǼٵġУҲԱΪҿ㱣֤һһɱáңңܺڵġ
ܿҶΣڸտʼ궯ͣ


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ܿ죬ҶõҪˡһΪأһܹ˲佫һڶܹڵأܹᵽ屶ֻ⡰һȴǼΪߵҪ󼫸ߡ
ȣ߱⾳ҪﵽϣߣҲҪﵽͨҪһҪԽĲٿشﵽһǳֲĵزҲŨ⣬ŨΪһ㣬Ȼ
ҶﵽǰҪ󣬵ǺȴʱﲻΪڲ֪ԭҲǿкַܶʽôġҶģΪϾʮؽ⣬Ҫﵽһĵһصľֻʱˣ
ҶϲĻһǸܹʵСȼ⡱طΪȼ⡱طȻʵҲ̼ǱȻﵽݵʵ
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ܿʵ߾Ʒȼ⡱طʵȻûгΪĻ߾ȴ߾Ʒ֮ϣϸ˵α߾
Ľʮأȼս֮󡭡
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ȼ⡱طҲиȱ㣬Ǿʹ֮󣬽ᵹһסҶЩƣһ׽⣬Խ˵һѽܵ£رǶܹʮأΪŴԵˣʲôʱܹڴﵽʮأ
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ڷʦļ룬ǵʿҶɱʥص˵´ǵʿ͵һΪֲĸ߶ȡ
ڹǵʿ˵ȥʣҲҡ


˹һĻ۹ͳĽϿգһɫĻѪĻ


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ڤһӵǧеȳУڶ۹ڶ֮еȡʱڤڣûһ˿ǵϿձһĺɫĻţںɫĻϿգһѪɫСƣ졣
ڤǵλãһ߳ǧɣʮԡͰֵʬǡʬǵΧһСӵѪӣЩѪӲϳʬǻ۶ȥѪҺϽ£ʬڽķϸ΢ı仯
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Ϊ˸ԶʱڵһЩǿߣ޿ֱʮУ򽫽һ˿ڱ׼޿˾õһЩһż䷴УҶǸŭԣΪһվԹȻǸѾʧˡ
ʱ˿̴Ҳף򣬶۹Ѿӵ˾ԵʵκһһܹԿģ
ڴֻ·ҪȥͶҪŶ۹ûȥͶΪû˿Ҷ붦۹УʥֳУȥͶ򣬾൱ʥΪС
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Ҷɨǰһۣ΢΢ͷЩ߾ǿȻʱ޷޿ЩԿţֻҪЩһЩʱ䣬պضЩ
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ҶλǺҪԵĶЩʲôˣǶ۹о񣬻Ǹǿʥء۹Ҫǣǳ޿߹ܹӦʥҪǿͶɱлΪǵ˳ܴӦ𣿡
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Ҷ֮ŲСĳԹҵøǣǱ໥֮ĳޣЭһΪֻǲܹ붦۹ʥؿ⣬򣬵ȶ۹ôǵĻҵԭǵһУڱˣڱˣ𣿡
֮ѣ޿ǵЩأԭǵĵ̣϶ᱻЩȥʣģ֮վΪЩǶס
ǣʹǵľġʣϣԸһ붦۹սסǰˣţպҲһܹΪǱģ
ƨǻ𣿾޿Ǹһ˻ʣǻܸĴΰɡʣܲиҪ󣿾´ȥ͵Ϯ޿ʱܴܲңģȡ
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еΪ˳Ϊ֮۷壬ЩҲˣҲи飬ҲҪػĶˡ
߲Įģ಻ģ
û뵽㻹ͦɿĵģ
ʱŮӲ֪ʱҶ
ҶתŮһۣȻԭһΪѾ뿪ǣȥͶ޿ءܾⰲûϰҵϢʱΪԷ뿪ǰͶ޿ˡ
̸̸ܹ
ҶΣԣ
һС˲šҶѾ˯ŵСһظСһСԴ
СһУźܸߵĵλɣ㿴һ
һ޶޿ȡҶ
ֿһȻջĿ⣬ҽӵϢ޿ڸʲôǰεʧܣ룬β˿㣬ٴγ֣ضžųϵİաҪסֻҪɱʦκһôҲ޷סĽŲ
ҶĬΪ˵ʵֻҪɱĻϣôȷʵûܹڵֵ޿ĽŲ޿ɵ϶Ҳ֪һ㣬Ҳ˵ԷٴγʱĿҪҪĻϣ
ĻϣԷ϶׼ȫΪĿôԷпܾͻǿǣĻϣǣԷĿĻϡ
Ҷתͷ򰲱㣬ʲô취
л߾ǿߣʦǣҼһ𣡡Ȼֻα겻αҪĻ㣬Ҫﵽ߾Ȼ۹ʥҪɱ㣬ʦ浲ס
Ϊﵽ߾װҶҡҡͷ
˵ʲôʱһȻڹϿ쳹
ʥʥ֮鳤Ƿ壬򽣻Ҷֽ̣һս


599 սս
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û֮ͬǰʥؼ˴߲меֻƵݣڿУû˿˲Ϣ
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ڽӵʥǿߴ½ʱ޿ԷҶĽ֣ΪʥصҲǷΪԷĿ϶ΪǵˡڼǷʱ޿΢ȣΪԷʣֻһϼǾǰϾ
ҶҶûʣеֻɱһ
ʥصҲеǰ㲻޿¶ȤеڴҶĽˡ
ҶɳǣһۼǷʱò˵ǰһ֮ǰʥǼ˳۶ˣٶԷûбǿ׳죬һʥģӾţƵӡ
ǷҶϸһҶȻ½ȻܹҽϻڵĽ¾ߴ½ĽˡѹҽԱ֣ȷʵ޷Կ
ҶҼһ֮еڶΣյĸоò˵֮ǰȷʵЩʥˣ
Ƿ¶һ˿ȣ㽣ʮصʵߴ½Ȼһܹв㣿ȻҲߴ½ֻĴ½ϡʧҿܹһλѾǷǳѵˣ
лܹҶ
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Ƿ΢΢ͷľõǰ棬бָҶ޽Ѿʮأڼ뽣޽ִδйһܡڽ֮У޵ǹ¶įģ϶Ҳйָоϣ㲻Ҫʧ
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˵Ƿʥʥ֮Уֻǿܹŵʮѡ
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ҶһĻʱҲüͷһ壬ǰ˵Ľ֮֮࣬ǿʵе㳬
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ҶнĿֲǷһĨ죬Ϊû뵽ǰҶĿܹý
ҲҴ⣬Ƿľһ㣬ҶĽߴһ
죡
ཻ俪ռ㶯ͬŪ˵ֽһ㡣
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ǿǷ忴Լ΢΢֣Щ𾪣ȴǴ˷֮ɫܺãûʧʸҶýϻˣ
䣬ǷĽϻͻȻһ޴󽣹⣬ֱ̲񷡭
һʳҶУţһ˹֮С


600 ʮһؽ⣡
Ƿ屳Ľϻڲϳ۵Ľ⣬ʵϸߵ˾ͻ֣ᷢЩ֮پۼڲţ˴ԼϢǵ֮оۼ˽ʮƷ͵Ķף
ʮɵľ޴󽣹ֱ̲񷣬ƺ춼Ҫ˺ѿɢֲϢõùལߵĽϵزţһЩƷ׽ϵ͵Ľֱӱѿ
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ô˵Ƿ츳ȵʥضɵңӻǿȻֻ˵츳Ͼһ˵츳ȫһδĳɾ͡꽣ʦ½Ŀɲǵ츳
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ǷʯͷҶҶ˽߱񷡯˵Ʒô˽˹һλոմﵽ߾ǿߡҿʵʩչǿһɣȻܾûлˣ

һڳкȻֻҶйڵĽͻȻʣһɫĽʣֱǷ塣
ͬһǣʾһ֣һЩʵ߸ûһЩʵǿҲǿԼ켣һĿռѷ죬˶֪ҶѾˣ
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죡
ʣҶнǷľݺݵײһһǷ˫־һ飬ҶǸûһ
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ʣǷһʼܹǿмҶǺܿ죬Ƿ彥·硣һĻ߶ʱһҩϦüͷţеǲûм
ΪǷȻ·磬ǶԷȴǴݲȣಢûбҶңҲ˵ԷԼʵ

ͻȻǷһȣ΢΢һţ˹ʧԭأڳʱѾ߰⣬ǵҶҪ׷ʱȴֳұ⣬Ƿβ˸ţ졭
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601 
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ѹǷһֱŽԭ⽣Ȼ˹ЧҶ̲סٴδЦľ⽣дôô˵ʵһΣ
ҶĿǺɫϻϣɫϻڵ֮ǰҲǼʶˣʮһȺܰҶ֪ԷôռôģҲ֪ԷȥôһװʮĽϻⲻҪˣΪЩˣ
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602 ޿
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޿һбˣͳһ磬ⲢĿ꣬Ŀͳһߴ½Ȼ½ˣһٳΪʥʡΪﵽʥ߾˻Ѿ˻ʣΪʥʣ
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ںˣҶˣҲûֹܹһͳߴ½ˡ뵽⣬޿󣬸Զˡ
ܿ죬г˹һĻ
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Գ˽лڴЦ޿
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ڼҶֵһֱ̣ӻһϹ˹⡭һԵĶҩƤֱΪ֣ǵЩСһƺû˿áСһǸҶһģȻԼ߿»ͷ۲ѣ
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603 ʥƻ
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Ҷ˵ͷȻ֪ʩչû취Ƿ߾֮Уʵ̫̬Ȼʬ̬ҪһЩҲǺֲܿ˰
ʼػǸطõģֻҪܵĿ飬ܹУػɲõػ֮ϣһػػɱػҪǿϲ֪٣Ϊػһ֮ûܹõػ
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ܿ죬Ҷڰһ£ʬ˹ǣȻʹǰ

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604 ϵ硣
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׳ؼһĻʱҶˡΪЩ֮ϣһɨȥͷ˲ʮǻʽסף١
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ʶҶǺ͵ģΪҶһˣҲҶһԭ
ջ˼߰ɣȥ׳أ
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ʣƽڣһϢ˳Ϣ֮Ȼռ䶼壡
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вңĻ̧ͷһʣֻһۣоһݣܿҲܰҲţǲŵܹʥǿ߿ĵزʥ߾֮ĲǾ޴ģܹԻ߾ʵʥģֻ֪һǵĽʦ
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Ļϵ֪һλʥϼһɲƽһİʥΪƽһƴᣬΪԱ֮һᣡ
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ĻҡҡͷСЩͶԵҲЩ֣ҲңûԱ֮ʣ˵ֻǽ׳һãҪʵľѪҶԥΪȡ𣿡
ͫһûзһɾָСΪ֣ͷĶԻƽһֵĻƽεֿȷʵаʥͷҲ˵ĶԣİʥƽİʥԷƾʲôΪƽһλʥƴ
뵽⣬ǿѹסеŭɱ⣬ȻһҶȻǰҪãǾͽðɣҿ˵׳̺֮ǿΣգǰĵʲô֣ǿɱûѣ
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׳أҶڵϵԶ˳ȻҶǰ
Ҷɫ˲Ϊ֣ϵ羹Ȼڲ


605 ߲㣡
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Ҷһʣʺαּأʵ֮䲢ûʲôޣ˫ֺ֮αҪŪôжأҶûкô𣿡
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ʵ˵ͷҶնɱʥһʮǷ壬ʥظоΣգΪǲߴ½ٳһʦҶʦʥػ߾ǿߣʥܹܣԣҶǰʥˣ
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ʵ˵ͷ
˳Ĭˣμӣƻɹˣǻãˣܾٲ˰
֪뷨ʵģһξʧܣҪ֪ԷģɲֹǣǶ۹һΣ۹ʥضᱣΪǿɲδǿУ
ԣһȻ׳أ˵ܹ¼㣿
΢Ȼ㣡
ƤһһѣȻܹ㣿кܾȣΪҫ۵Ҳµѣܹ֮µ㣬ΪԶͨģ
Ҷһܹ࣬
ʵҪڵߴ½߾ȷʵѾ޵УֻǰϾϵһսˡ
ܻˣ˵
΢΢ͷҿŰɣʦͽһ壬ұҪȫѪϴˢ
һµ߲㣿˺Ȼ
𣿡ЦһȻһʧԭء
ҲЦһԼĻеЦΪ֮Уûлƽܹµ߲㡣ȴﵽ߾Ļƽܹȥ߲㣬ǻ߾󣬲׳أΥţ䡣
ԣʹǻƽһҲ֪߲֮ʲôڵڰ˲ھŲ㣬м㣬ǻΪ߲ѾˣΪ߲Ѿǿֿܹˡ
ҡҡͷһҲʧԭء

׳غҶһоˬǵģˬЩײûиʲô鷳ȫ񱻰Ħһ㣬ˬޱȡˣҶ˵ڶ㣬ڶˣҶ¡
ܿ죬Ҷ׳ص㣬ҶüͷΪڲˬˡЩ׵֮ԽԽǿʱȫѾоЩʣأԣҶ˵㡣
˵㣬СһϹһֱ굽˺С
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ҶһΪ֮׵ȵҪֲʮҶǷϲΪһ㣬ǾЩ׵ȷʵֻǲ֪ΪʲôЧС
֮ǰ˵лʲôػҪԼ˵һҪƤ
ػҶǷǳģܹãܹһΡֻǿϧ岻Ҫôȥá
΢ҶȥЩ׵Ȼ΢ЩʣǾܽǵ׵֮ǿסġ
Խ£׵֮ԽԽֲҪӽ߲ʱҶͣΪʱΧ׵Ѿԭǰֱ۴֣Χ׵Ѿ൱ǰ֣ЩϽõȫۣ
Ҷ֪ǿȥˣ
ϵҶǰҶǣΧ׵֮ûиϵκвЩƺЩηϵ硣
ѵϵηĶ棿
Ҷ˼һᣬȻЩϽ
Ҷ֪µһ̣嶼ˡԱ׳ԡ
˭˵ֳһλţ
ѵ飿
㹷ƨ黹չأô׳棿
飬ѵ죿Ҳܰڽ崫Уܳ׳ذ
˵ˣˣ

֮ǰȥ˳׳ԣ˴ʱɫνѿΪû뵽Ҷ׳ؾֱȥ˵һࣿ
ʱһȫŽɫƬŮӳʵǰŮӿʵүүֳһλţ˭
΢΢һ飬Ȼģһ࣬Ӧ֣Ľʣ
ʥżɱǧǽʣŮüëһɱӿ
üͷһ壬֪Ϊǧ𣬵Ҿ㣬ʱвȥսף
ѵүүΪʵ޷һ࿹⣿ɱǧǧƳɿܣ˵裬ѵүү̵ܹ֪аʥʦүү޷֣ͬ׵ȴǿԳ֣ѵ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷһҲȵ꽣ȵ꽣ʦױʱҪǿ𣿡
һݣҶѾǿˣ
죬µ߲ˣµ߲ˡ
ͻȻ˼С
˿׳أֻ׳Ͽոһġߡ֡


606 ڰ˲㣡
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Ҫһƽһ壬һƽһܹµ߲ˣ
˭˭һƽһʲôʱֳһλʴǺÿడôһλţǾȻһҲ֪
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᲻ǳˣ˵Ҷһ֮ﵽͼѾļޣôܴﵽ߲㣿
ҡҡͷǱˣûпܣҶпܣǿ½ʷУ˭츳бߵģûУʹǵĽʦ츳ҲߡУ˵¾ܹʲô׳֮֮
δضдѰ˳
кâһġ

ҶڵʱһʼЩȻܹٶȻ̫ˣоҲļޣܵ˵߲㡣
߲вȵǰ㶼߲֮жһĴָ򡭡۴
Ҷɫ֮ɫΪЩ̺֮ʵֲֲ̫ʩչʮصĽЩΪ֮ǰսʱ⧲£ǰһ壬ȻǰһƬںڡ
Ҷ˵ڵ¾ʬǼһҲñ罹
⵽Ǹʲô磿Ҷüͷڵȷʵǵ߲߾ǿĵطӦǻ߾ĵط
һ£ҶͣԭأȻ⻺Щ򿿽ֱӽӴ壬ֻЩɢĵӴ壬Դ
ʱһһȥҶͬһһ㣬鲼˵Щϵش̼ҶڵĴ̼£ҶƤҲ𽥷仯Ȼϸ΢ȷʵڸıţҶϲ
Ҫ֪ҪǼѵġ֮ǰڤϵЧ΢ԶЩ̼Чá
һҶ⾪ϲһѣǾڿƽֿЩʱȻֽҲڷ仯
ЩȻܹȾ⣿ЩǸʲôڡ
ҶЩϲǸȴǾȣΪЩ̫һЩ
ΣҶҡҡͷЩЩ׵Լ塣
Ҷ֪߲Щ򲻶ԼʱƬ׳صЩȻʼ궯Ϸڣ׳ϿյЩ֮Ҳڲк׵硣
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ʣǼһʲô˳ҪҪŪ
ʳΣȻҡҡͷ뽫ҶŪңΪһҶ£ǰʥͷرǣʲôȥֵһλʥһλʥǵƽһѡʷֵ󣬶Էܲٳ汣ƽһˣ
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ߣԷԸƽһ壬һλʥҪɱһλʥ֣޷赲ģ
ǼҶҸ㣬ʵ̲ƫƫҲ̣
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ֳ˰£ĳһ̣һ԰Ҷ׵֮ɢ˳Щ׵羡նޡ

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ռ䣬ԼӦòһЩĻ߾ǿߡҶɨһΧЩһۣЩöԼ㲻ϹҲ˶ˣٺ٣ʱϹȱȣ
˷һᣬҶһ£
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Ҷڰ˲ʱҶסˣΪڰ˲յģǰһŴ⣬ʲôҲûС
ȻʱҶڵڤϵ磬ľ֮飬оĺͻȻ˳ĴҶĿ֮УԼͬĶǸ򷢶˹


607 գ棡
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ֵ֮ĵ⣬ĵٶȼ죬˲ĴǰȻ͵ײĴϣĴٴα䵽˰ɿ⡣
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޽ײռһһһһ㳯ܲɢĴٴα䵽ɿ⣡
һĻҶͫһǰ򵽵Ǹʲô

ʱǰͻȻһҶ۽һľС
ĴصҶߣҲٳˣֻһĸһƺˡ
һãţһźɫСǶСӵСŮҶǰСŮݰף۾ܴ峺аһգһգģޱȿɰ
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СŮĴʱ۾һóԵģ˵ţһ׵СŮ£һ̣СŮֱӳҶǰȻһץϵ磬һץڤ
ڤϵʱһȻһ굽Ҷĺڡ
ץգСŮգգۣȻץľ֮ĺ磬ٶȲڤϵ磬ʱץһšȻҶĿ֮УСŮľ֮ĺԼȥ
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СŮҶȻ㲻óԣ
Ҷ۽һȻԣܳԡ
СŮգգۣҪҳԵģˣ˵ţСŮǻҶ֮һСȭͷҶ
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Ҷɫ΢䣬һӳʮؽĽն׹ײһ𡣡䡱һ׹飬ٶȲСŮ
СŮգգۣһ£һ׹ֶ׹ԽԽ˲ǻɴСҶĽûȻײҶ
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ԣҶߣСŮ˾Ҫ죬ǿﰡԣ
㣬ҳԣòãСŮҶ¶˰֮ɫ
Ҷһ飬Ȼó˼𣿡
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ҶʹСŮʹԣһᣬСŮѾٶҿСŮӣûԱ
ҶȻкܶǼСŮԣҲһ۲ѣǼСŮԣΪûа׷ѣʱСŮѾû˵⣬Ӧ˵׽࣬ӽʱҲûڳʲô׵ˡ
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ܿ죬СŮҶһʯǰСŮָָʯҶԥ£Ȼߵʯǰֻʯ϶ʱһ⣬ţһֳʯ֮ϡ
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ΣӰֻܽ洫дʯ֮УܹС˲ӵܣմ֮պܹշһֻҪ㴫ĴУһ֮ˣɳΪߡǺǣһжˡ
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ʲôʲô
ҶҡҡͷͻȻ뵽ʲôתգ㣬˶ã
յСԴþá
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ЩʺɫҺҶƤʱû˿谭رƿҶƤȻӿҶڡ

ʺɫҺӿҶʱҶȻҽţҶƤʼ仯ˣֻҶĽͻȻһɫƬţڶ飬顭


608 ʥ
ǼʹģȵڤʱҪʹټʮҶжǿڤʱܹסǴ˿̣ȴҲ̲ס˳ΪЩƬǴģʱЩƬľƿƤ
Ҷ֣ʱڵЩʺɫҺڵѪƺ˳ͻЩʺɫҺƺҪٵԭڵѪԭѪھϴˢѾޱǿԣЩʺɫҺ岢ûܹٵԭѪ
ԭѪҲ⣬ǣ໥ϾţɿҶΪÿһεĽϾַ˵ľʹ
ɺɫҺ໥Ͼ⣬ҶƤϸСĽɫƬһᣬҶϸСƬƬܱƬıԵȴ絶
ͻȻҶͷðһԽɫǣнʮֳҶͷԵЩ졣ΪʱҶϿȥѾһ࣡
ڣѪҶᣬ˭ҲãŪҶʹ

Ҷ洫ʱ۹İʥǿ޵ʮ߾ǿ˹ǣл߾Ʒǿ߾ȻǿȥҪİ׷ߣ
ʥǿ߾ǿ߽٣˾ˡڰʥǿǰǿ»ǰС
ĹˣҶһͳأ޵Źǣ
Ļϳ˿Уô׼عˣôɱңʵ˵Щˣƺ
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ʥΪ׵һ߿Ļϣвף޵ʥӲףӦҪʱ׼·ˣΪһʥΪУʵǡ
ΪνҶΪУӲǣĻϵ
һЦǣ£̫߿ͽˡɷϣ츳ǱȷʵǿȵĽʦҪǿΣʹպΪʦǰʵʥֺξ֮У
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ʥô춯صĴ£ôûأһݣ
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Ϊ׵һͷﻯһŮӳʶ棬վߣҿκϣХȨ䣬ɡ
Ůӵ£ʮͷ˿ȻƽСİ׻˳Уţ·ͻȻһضɽҡȻʮͷȴɽľ޹˵ǰ
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ʳĬΣȻҡҡͷһӣռһҶʮֻ;޴Ŀռ˳Уȫǻʽף
ʵʣХȨ䣬֪֮λѾãȻˣǴҾ׵˶ϰɡⷽܣҿռһ彫뿪ǰտռѷ棬ǣǰܣұĴȺ
㲻лˣһԣ
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ʱĻͻȻڣһλʥһٶʮλ߾ǿߣǺǣʥصǺôֱءˣϻ˵ˣսɣ
˵꣬Ļһû֮У޵߾ǿʽҲæϡ
ҪڿռȥĻϵȴͻȻסǼɣԷʥػ߾ǿ߶Թǳ֡
ʳΣȻڿռ˵˹ǡ
˶գսʤϵǵ


609 ҹ
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޿Աһʥص꣬ӣǴȴǼŮԻ·ҲЩԣէ֮£»в˽Ůġ䣬һ̵Щ̣˵ǵ˵ذס
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ϴЩĵЦݣ˵ϸܼ⣬۹û˻Ϊеġ
޿ɨӵһۣ֮ɫ֮ǰ۹һ߾ǿ߳Цǰһ䣬ȻȻ߾ǿ߱ʮһһһۡȻǻ߾ǿֻǻ߾һƷҲǻ߾
ӵʮһֻһһõû߾ǿ߶һۡرӣ޿δôĵ죬ǳ죬쵽û˿ܹ¡
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һΣ޿ԼûеʥضңΪһͳߴ½ߴ½֮Ȼû˿ʥضԿ޿֪ڴ֮ǰЩ֮ˡ
ЦҶȴǰʥΪܹԿʥأôЦ
ǰɣӺȻ飬ҵøϽʥȥȻᱻǰǼ˵ԽԽԶġ޿ò˵һ䣬ʵ̫ϡˣˣ
Ƿ·޿΢΢һ飬ȻǿмһЦݣҹ֣ʿǻڹǡ
ҹ޿һۣԱԽֵġߣ֣ҲԻȥԸǡأЩ¹ǰɣҶʲôһģ׼ôлң
޿΢΢һȻЦЦҹ˵ЦˣҶ۹Щܹҹۣ
˼ҿˣҹͻȻһĨκ졣
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˵ǹǣ˵ǹǹǵĻǴ󡣹ǵĻǴɲǰ裬ǿܹס߾ǿ߹ġ߾ʮ߾ǿ߲Ϻ£ǴҲҡҡ׹֩ѷ졣
ǳǽϣҩɫءʱϦµǲţһ죬⻤Ǵضᱻơ
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ˡ
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ô˵ذɣҩһܿ
أܿЦ
ҩջĿ⣬ʱֵܿҶǺǿǿȥ԰
ϦҩҩƬ̣ȻҡҡͷϦѾ֪ͨˣǲ֪ʲôԭֱûʵǿа³ʲô⣬ΪʱҶѾ嶼ûȥ׳ذ˲㣬Щ죬ô˵ģ
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ҩҡҡͷӦòᣬ⣬ʻǿ˺ѿռ䣬ġֻþУȻĻûʲô⣬ҲҪˡ
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һ̫ˣϾڡϦ
ŮĬϾڣȷʵʥصſ⣬ǣڣ
ʱһѪԹϿ족һһ˹¡ʬѪ͵һӣһѪâն׵һЩ۹ǿߵѪâûһƬ

ʬЦѪлָҹˣʥص飬濴Щνж
ڵ֪ʥ붦۹ôǿɱҶʦʱʬ汾·ģ룬ûѡ·ΪҶǰʥûôױܣ󷴰ΪʤɾͲˡ
ҶԸ˽⣬ҶԻʹгȥġ
ԣû취ǳˡҪӣҲҪȵҶʦܣ
ˣҹ¶һ˿Ȥʵȷʵ
˵൱ڰʥҹֲɴ⣡޿
ҹҡҡͷֻ൱ڶѣİʥȻİʥôûôˡȥ԰ܣǱȻҰ·ŶԣƤ
вһ鶯Ȼһʬ档г͵سʣһƬϯ˲ʬǰ
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񺮣Щܲˣֱ˵һԱ˫һ״̬ģ
޿ʵҲЩܲˣǼɵԷʵ˽Էҵˡһˣ⸱̬ܵˣһ뵽Էʵ޿ֻܽԼ뷨
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ҶڣʺɫҺҶѪãƺĳЭ飬߶Ҷڣ˫û໥ֻһռһ룬ˮˮҶһΪȥҪˣ
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죡
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һ죬ҹ˫΢΢һ䣬Ľ£һȻѷ
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ҹҶ¶һĨЦ͵ٴһ죬ȻҶҹֱû˵֮С

棬ײ
ǵ߶۹߶ͣҵĿⶼǴӶϡΪҶ֮Щǿûнս֮ǰ֮µսϵǵҹӮʣ˲ƳǣйǷ˶ɱ
ҶʤôܾͻҶ֮ǰԣڳģߵģ㲻ȫûҲҪһ
ԣǶͣսΪѾԼλ
ҩŮҲǳ뵣ǣȻ֮ǰҶռϷ磬˭֪ҹûбĺУЩʥصˣȱľǸǿĵǿֲĸط
ԣŮȻҶģҲǲЩġ
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ͻȻ´һţ濪ʼ̮һᣬ½ǧɳĵ涼̮ȥ
죡
һӰӵ˳
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޿˿ϲ
ҩŮɫ˲Ұף


614 ѡ񣡣
˲ûз֣ʱҹȫ鲼˵Ľۣеľ֮ɫ

ߣǿ߱޼ɵĴЦǿҹˣôҶȻǰˣ˵ˡҶһôʤȻߣȻ˷ܡˣ
ߣɫҰףǾ֮ɫ
Ͷ
ͻȻһЩͻȻ˹ǣسǱȥ
ҩɫһ䣬ʱ޿ڹϿ𣺡к֮£ͶߣֻҪܹնɱߴҶ۹һɲ׷翹ߣ֮ʱǶ֮գ
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޿ĻʮͻȻɳ˹ǣȻ˹ȥ
ԸΪЧҡ
ʮ˳ŹǱ߷˹ȥ
ؼҡ
һᣬнʮҷ˹ǣվ޿ߡ
޿ĴЦЦĳ졣
ҩɫƽûа㲨
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ʱһҵǰ죬˵ʲôҩ俴˶ԷһۣҶٲ𣿡ûע⵽ʥҹı飬ǿһģҪһǣֱڣҶϵõǿռû
ҶˣСһԣٷ֮ٵĿ϶Ҷû
붡ҩ˵ʱڣǼҷɳ˹ǣɵ޿һߡ
һĻһĨɫҩǶҲŹǱҡ
ͻȻһ͸ԴŽǶҩǽ֮ϣסˡ
ҩɨһˣڣҶڣҶ˭Ͷжɱ٣
㡭һҵŭɽң˵ʲôǵҩĿʱʱһҲ
ҩǶҵˣǴʱҩһݣǾǹдָߣǼλ߾ǿնġʱָܹӹϴģ
ʱ޿˹ϿգȻذܣѵҪΪ޿ŵֻҪԸͶҼ̣Ҷպħİ
ԣӵܶʱ⶯ȻҩȴǲΪڣҶڣҶ
޿һĨ裬˵ʱһ𣬽ţҶǰ
ҩģǲ֪ûô˵ģ
Ҷ˹Ͽգųǽ֮ϵĶҩЦʵҹʱ׼ˣͶʱûгΪ뿴жĵġû뵽֪һһû뵽ΣͷʱȻô˳Ͷ
ҲãÿЩڹڵĶ
Ҷжסˣ޿ϵЦҲһ˲ӲסˡЩ֮ǰѳǵɫһ˲ͲҰˣ
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תҹʱǲŷ֣ʱҹϾȻۣҶϣ·һЩ⣬û˿ˣ
۹֮ǰӵЩߵĶʱ˹ȵף
ҩڼҶһ̣жʱһ֮ǰҲںģΪҶˣ֮ǰľɾҪöΪҶᣬãҶû
Ҷ˵ʲôʱʫϦŮͻȻǰȻ˵ŮЩ԰׵ɫҶЩۣ֪֮ǰûг϶Ůˡ
§ŮҪ԰οʱͻȻоԼ˱סƫͷһֻϦЦЦĿҶʱЦѣŮϦɫҲЩ԰ʱҶ΢ůȻŮ˫ñȽ϶࣬ŮԼӦûģ
Ϧʫɫ΢죬ȻҶĻϦ΢΢ͷû˵ʫܿɫǻָƽһϦ£û˵ʲôֻǶҶСĵ㣡˵Ϧص˹ϡ
ϦҶһڣЦСһЩˣҿǻñӵģ˵꣬һص˹ϡ
ҶҡͷһЦȻתҹʧһΪҪ׼ҷһأû뵽ȻˡǷʵٻһˣ㣬ͬһ˶㣡
ԣڳо
֮ǰҹˣ


615 
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Ҷֱǿˣ
뵽⣬޿ɫЩ£Լ˻ʰԼƬؼĴˣƾʲôҶȴܹϣƾʲô
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ҶĿ족ѾǲеˣҪܹƿⷽ棬Ƿȱģ
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ţ˾Ŀ֮У߰˾ʬԿ׹
Ǽʬ壬޿ҹɫ䣬ΪЩʬ֮Уʥ붦۹ǿߣ
Ҷߵ˶ʱһĿǰȻĻϱΧĻϻûôױΧɱ߰ܵġֻҪĻϲ벻ܣôʥ붦۹ͽԶػ߾ö߾
Ȼһʥ԰ʥµ˳֣ǰʥҲס
Ҷջ˼һǰ˾߻߾ʬǰȻһӣʬս˹֮СȻڵĹ޷ƻ߾ǿߵĽūǲԺܣռպһؽ鱾ܹ߾ūлǻ߾Ʒ

Ҷʥػ߾ǿߣҹһŭȣе΢΢һ׹һ
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һ貵ĻҶ֣Ҷ΢΢һȴһҲûС
һĻҹӺݺݵһ鴤ԥһ˲Ȼȵᵶ󣡡
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ǵǵ󣬽󷨣Ҫÿһ˶⣬ԽǿԽֲʮһ˶ǻ߾ҵⶼﵽһصĻʮһ֮ԽնʥⲢǴţȷȷʵʵ
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Ҷԭ㵥ģȴҪԶ٣ΪûСһɣ
һϹҶļϣһԵҲǻһ׹Ҷԡ
𣿡СָָҹˣԴҶ
Ҷ˵ͷʹΪҪԵġ
նʱŭˣСֳһУ˾Ŀ֮У˲ܲţһɿɳľ޴͸Կгҹ˼ȥ
ǲϳ鴤ţСŮʲôһо׵磬
ҶҲǲһĻŵΪҲû뵽վȻôֲСһӣȻرɫȻ׵ˡãոһģȻСһһ鷳Ĵڡ
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Ҷʱ˿̲⵶ʥءǷ壬ҹǵʵԼĵиԶԶ󣬶˵ʵߴ½һУ˰Ͼ޿⣬ûǵĶ֣
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Ҷʥؿ±лҪǿ࣡
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һ·˺ЩĿռ䣬Ҷնȥֻٶȱ֮ǰһЩҴ󵶵ɢĵâҲ֮ǰࡣ
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ϹҲûܹ赲󵶣һһն顣
СצʱҶСԴѾˣڻˣ
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ԶҹͫһҶȻܹӲʮһ˺󵶣УȻܹûצ壿
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ҹ˫΢Уһ׼ҶʵѾȫԤϣΪʮһ˵Ѿĵľ⣬ȻҶҲǲ࣬Ҷûǿ
ҪҶ߻ǸصСŮûʤ㣡
ﳷСһסǣգըǣ
յ˵СԴȻϹԼ׵ǵصĳҹΧ˲佫ҹû
ҶҲûţʣӿϹԼ׵֮С
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һᣬϹ׵洫һ
Լ˰ӣҶϹ׵֮˳ϣһѾһϢˡ


616 ջУ
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߶ʱ˻쳹׵ĴЦ۹ߵǿǾ֣еֱŤͷߣȴûһܹӵΪջʥλūѾܡ
ߵҲûţӵŰΧ
֮ǰЩѳǵһЩɫҰףʱЩѳǵҵеĺѾ
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ҵдһ֮ǰЩһѳǣô¶һ⵽Ҷķ񱨸޿Цˣʱ޿ѱˡ
ԼΧ޿ֽ˻ʽɫȴЩƽҲûҪߵĴ㡣
Уҹţʥ˾ɱҶյ˹ʿռڣʮūдã
ҹҶ˹£Ȼֽҹ˵ϣʮɽ֮ޣΪޡޣŮޣ߲ܡȻôŮˣǽҾһŮˣ
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ҪԱҶЦ̫ˣ֮ǰӣһΪ˺ڵϣۣ֮ŭϦŮۣ˭ͻöԷٱǧĴۡ
ҶЩһУ˲ҹǰ
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ƺҲú棬Ҳһ׷˹ȥ
ź׷ļСһҶҡͷһЦջȻ޿ˡ
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ʱͻȻ˾һԿȥֻԶһȰ׹ͻҪһȦľһһž˵ܶǶ
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ͻȻһ̶ʴ̧ͷһֻһֻȻƽͻҪӴĽɫ˹Ͽա
ǿʲô
ͻȻ˾ֵ
˳ָķȥֻɫͻȻܳӿЩ֮ظޡ
Ĺžˣˣ򼡭
ʱʬ˺۵İ׹Ҷԣ֮ޱȣ


617 ˭
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ʱҩڳûԥȫص˹ǡҩֵ֪Ȼʲô֮ߣΪȻ̫Ӵ󣬸ֿܹͨģ
߶سϣҶȴûгҲóڵô˵ǻ߾ǿ֣߳ҲܹӲУֺξ⼸ȻȻС
޿һӣĴʱصɾЩָɫΧ޿ΧһȻϡ
⼸һԶʱڵģҶʵ
ʬ˵ͷҪСģرǻĹžˣǧǣԶʱڣгǳصĿǡҲˣֻͣҪײôһײ¹ǾҪ̮
Ҷ˵ͷʵ̫Ӵײǣ¹ǻᱻֱײ
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죡
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˵Դʵκεһ¶֣㲻˵Ҳֵġ
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ϵĶҩ¶ЦݣҶǰǿˣǺʵģ֮ǰûԥѹҶʵ֤ѹӮˡȻʤؼ֮ϵǼλУһ㣬Ǿǰʥǿûôװܣ
ʥΧȻҪһʥǿ䣬ǳѣ
ߣĻأ֮ǰһʥһٶλ߾ǿȴû˿ľɫԣҿ϶ĻϾ㲻жԷҲԲֻҪôܹס
ҪҶҶɳ̫죬ֻҪٸһʱɳʱƬ˭ܹѹ
ĵʵҶδ
һն֮Ҷóһ˹֮УȻɨһ޿ˣ˭


618 壡
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һ۵İ׹˳޿ԣ˫ֽһӡţΧЩɫͻȻһҶȥֻһ˲䣬ҶǱЩΧס
ҵĶ˵ֻ߾ǡ˵ʲôͻȻȻֹ
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ҶЦһ徭ϴˢһ㶾ôܶЧľ͵ؾһӣ俪ΧΧһЩǿ߶ʱһҽȻ屻һΪ
۵˴󾪣׼ʱҶٶȶȻһ˲۵˵ǰ۵˴󺧣ʧҡ
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۵£ҶĽǰһһɱ۵˺ҶٶȲı޿޿ߵЩ߾ǿߴ󺧣һ㳯Ҷ˹ȥ

ҶһŭȣһϻڳȻ޲ıΧ˴󺧣æʱĻ˼ȥ޿
һĻ޿ɫû뵽û뵽ҶʵѾǿ̶ֳȡǰҶʩչǸʲôնνһζҪˣڣҶѾʩչΣȻȴһ¶ûУ
ҶʵٶδҲֲ̫һЩ
ҶһʵǿҲ޷޿߾ǿ߾ǿߵģǣʱ޿Щ߾ǿ߾ǿ˭ҲҳȥˣҶ޷ڶʱˣܹɱǰˣ
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ηҶʱչʵηˡرҶĺ
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ţҶ֮ǰ˵ڳˣֻҪǹǵˣͶҪǾˣҶŹ𣿻Уǵļˣţийϵ˶ܻ𣿡
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˴ҶһǱŽĹʳС
һĻ˴󺧣̤һæ˻ȥ
ȻҶĽǰˡ

飬һգ޿㼤ȥ


619 ƣ
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ͬһö͵صСԴҪ֪ͬһױĴڰȻȴǱҶնɱˣСһʱ۾Ĵģ˷֮ɫ
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ҶǲսʱˣҲҪʱ뻯ڵĽ⡣һ㣬ǾǶ۹νսڳʥصԮһֻҪһᣬǾͻ֮أ
һռƣסƣδ̫޴Щ
ĻϿҶΣȻЦĻϴЦڳУĻζȻʧԭأȻ޵ȥ
ҲҪһᣡ
޵ڳȻĻͬʱûա
Ҷһнū˳Ȼɱж۹˶ɱ
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ԹзӵŶ۹Ĵ˹ȥʱ˿̣۹Ѿû˧֮ǰҶʵ壬ѾҵĲ߳˵һʱ䲻ȥԵУתܡ
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жвģֻҪĴʥذʥ
޵ĻȥմսĴʱʥʥհ
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ʥǿɫ࣬۹ܹɱ˵ĻʱҶѾüʮˡҲȷʵɱҶǴʱҶΧۼʵл߾ǿߣĴ֣ҲκβҶ
رǴʱҶǻ߾ĽҲòɵ
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ĴȴǲˣΪǵĸߴ½ˣǾǨƵʥأȻȴǵĻʷı
ԣֻܳĻϱǣסʱһɱʣ
ĴҪ֣ʱҶͻȻס˹ڽĽʣһֱڰңڻͶұˡ˵Ҫɱ˭ҵҪ޵ܲܿס⽣
Ҷ˵仰װˡΪʱڵ˵ڰνڸҴ߶⣬ЩŪıû취Ȼ޵ڣǴʱĴʥˣʵϣǶԷȽǿģ
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ģ
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ʿһҶҶŽ΢΢ʱ۽һ΢΢ȻһԵʵˣЦǰΧɱĻʱѾ˲̶ͬȵˣҪÿ˸ȻʣµĽΣģ㲻ɱǣҲܹһ
ҶΪոʹ۵ģ
ҶʵĻʥǿҲ·һݻȻһתȥҶڴﵽ߾󣬼ǽֲĽѾԶǿвˡԱڣô˵Ҷ֣˭˭
ԣû˿ԥתߣ
ʥǿȥʵɫû뵽ʥص˾Ȼ˵߾ߣ˿ǣ
һȥʥǿȥķҶ΢΢˵ͷȻҲֳһĨЦݣ΢΢˶һĻʵɫٴδ䡣
ʵѾ⣬ΪʱҶǿֲĽѾܹвˡ˵زûҪֻǺô֮ʣĿ֮±ߣδ棿
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ΪҶҪνʱҶȴͻȻͣȻʣʣҶõĴУô˵ҲǷһ顣գҾͲˣǼ߰ɡ
˶ʱʣüͷ壬Щԥʵ˵ߵģߣ塣˶ԷôĴ޵Ľ˱ضѺۣʱʻҶҪԸƽһ壬ǻƽһΣˣ
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ԣû˿ԥҲԥʹȥΪҶԻƽһ壬ǻƽһһᶼûҪ취ԸҶϵѪ
Ҳߡ
ʵһߣһתߡ
ܿ죬׻һҲû˿ԥתߡ
һĻʵ˶ʱһ
͡
ʱһƿڳͻȻתͷһɫ䣡
ֻҶڲϼÿһҶ϶һϸСĽһ˲Ҷһ㣬ϲС
ͬʱҶľҲһ˲䱩һᣬʹӻ߾߾һƷ



624 ߣ
ʱҶͬйƤһ㡭
ھҶڽͻȻһ̣ʾͼʱҶ˹ǳУû߿ҶµһĻ
ֻҶԭվλкöֽŰţЩ⽫Ŀռʵ֧顭һ̣˶Ҷӳ뾴ηˣ
֪ĵطλʥڽžս

ĳ
һ۵գǰһƤİ׷ߡ
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ߣ
׷ͫ΢΢һΪ˵
֮߳ǰҿֵ֣ʽԼõͨܶҶǰδħļҲûмعõЩͨ룬ΪʲôͬΪʥȴܹѹ޵򣡡
׷߳ΣȻҡҡͷֻ²⣬ߣôƬ½û췣ߣ߶ǿȡغԼߵľʵģҲˣûɶֵľ
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ЩֻĲ²ѣ׷ߵ
أͻȻ
׷߳ĬˣΪĹߣôĴˣһʥ߻½֮У붼°
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׷ҡҡͷǲǶûκˣΪǣѵּ޵ܹɱȷʵ֣˳ɻ᳹ɱʵض˶ˣ汳ʱһߴʥرĳ壬ħ壬Լ壬ᱻ¾
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ܿ죬֮Ҳû
⣬۹ܵİܣӵӣѾ򣬵ǶҩɫأΪ޿֪ȥ
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ȻûбҲˣΪȫĽСǿ޸Ȼ㲻ҲΪʧѪ
ҪǴʱڻн⡭Ҫʩչȼ⡱طõ˵ڰأ֮ǰʩչնνʱɱ¾Ѿȫ޷ѹסЩ񱩵Ľˣ
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ߣҶʱʱ⣬ʫɫŵԱߵʡ
Ϧ붡ҩŮҲʣǴʱǿߣҲֻа취ҶΪڼȥҶԻᱻЩŪģ
üͷţΣҡҡͷЩⶼʥǿĽһЩѾﵽ׶ءҶǿнԼڣԴԼĽ⣬Ȿһ͸֧ǿʩչطֳʩչǽʵ˵ڻţⱾѾһ漣ˣ
ʫŮ˲Ұף
ɵʵļϣСצץʵĶ䣬֮ɫ
ֻûûεһԿʵǲҶûʶҶǴʲô
ѵûа취𣿡ҩʵ
һǰ취İ취ʳ
ʲô취˵Ϧ
СԴȻǿ齣


625 飡
˽
סˡ
ʵڵĽʱ״̬Ҷʱ޷ѹЩ⣬ˣֻýԣѹסЩ񱩵Ľ⡣
ǰܳѹЩ𣿡ҩ
ҡҡͷ⣬ȻܣǴʱЩȴڣұƺĽѹ㲻ĸЩ
⽣Ǻҩʵ
ʵʥصıƷӦΧڣΪһԳزʥЩǿߵĽ⡣ﲻܹؾǿߵĽ⣬ܹѹЩ⣬˵ܼ
ҩĬˡȻ⽣ܹѹЩͬĽ⣬⽣ڿֲ̲ĽİҶȥ⽣ڵЩҪҶڱʱҶڵ״̬ʮˣ
ĬΣҩʫϦϵҶѡӦŮ
ŮҲĬΪǲѡ񡭡
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ʱϵҶͻȻ˫ۣȻʵûлԹʶһֱѵġھѾ߾һأֻаأѾ͸֧ʱѹƲסЩ񱩵Ľ⡣
Ψͬ˵˽ýѹЩ⡣ȻҲ֪Σգʱûбİ취
Ѿûа취𣿡ҩ
ҶЦЦģҲµģҲˣҴʱ屻Щ̳СҲû𣿡
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Ҷ΢΢һЦȻó˽ʣߵ˵ͷָһһռ䲨ţʧ˿СʱҶ˫۶ȻԲΪǽʱѾڡ
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ˡ
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뵽⣬ҶһԣĿ£ɱ¾˺ڣûɱȥΪʱɱ¾𽣵Щǲࡣ
ڵЩ໥ɱǱʶģҶɱ¾ҶĿ£൱ǻ۵ġԣֲ˴ʱɱ¾Ĳ㡣
ڵĽк֣ܶҶ۲£ɽرǿһǽɽ״Ľ⣬ɽⲻǰɢңԼ۳˽״ɱĽ⣬ɵĸɸɾɽ⣬۳ġ⽣ԽԽԭ߱ߣ
һɵĽⲢû۳κ״ɽȴҶΪ棬ΪɽܴϸĹ۲£ɽרż©רЩĽɱ۳ɽ״Ľ⣬սֱߡ
һĻҶԽȷʵҲǿԲԼǵġ
ܿ죬Ҷɱ¾ҲУҲѡС̴Ӧ˵רżˡɽ໥ɱҪʤɱ¾ͻԷһɵҶϲǣûЩǿɵģɺԸоԼɱ¾Խǿˡ
ȻҶҲҴ⣬ΪЩʱľɶǸɱ¾ġ
ʱһһȥҶɱ¾ǿĽⶼԽԽǿҶɱ¾⻹һǻ۱ȽϸߵĽ⣬Ƕȥ۳ɽ״ĽɱΪĿǰΪֹ⽣״ĽɵĽ࣬ҲǿĴڣ
֪˶ãҶһɱ״ĽеĽĽֱӴﵽ˵ھأȻʱĽѾܽɱ¾ˡΪںֲͬ͵Ľ֮еɱ¾ѾͬˣϾЩкö౾˿ɱ¾ģ
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Ҷ֪֪ʱɽκһɶܹģ¿ɱ¾ԶԶġҶƵһǻ۱ȽϸߵĽȻҲԶԶģȥǿĽɱ֮뷨ˡ
ǹ۳ɽ״ĽԭͣһͻȻָҶɱ¾⡭ҶƤ͵һ˵ͿԼӡȻĽⲻЩڵĽǰ㱻ɺͻ᳹ʧϾĽⲻ޸֮Ƽ
ĽⱻɣĽ⾳϶䣬ǾԲģ
ҶĽӵһ̣۳ɽ״Ľ⻯һ⣬ҶĽ׷ȥ
ɡ
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ҶջԱǹǻ۱ȽϸߵĽⲻûȥһ·˵֮ġ
ҶĽ۳ɽ״ĽľԽԽ
ܿ죬ҶĽⱻ׷ˡ
Ҷǲ¶һ˿Ц


626 ʥء
׷ϣҶ˸ƣ߶ɱ¾ı̬Ľ⡣Ȼ֪ʱĽ޷սʤ̬Ľ⣬ûͶϰߡҲҪöԷһƤ
ҶѾʱĿɿڴһĻǾԭһֱһԸŵǱȽǻ۵ĽͻȻ˹ǹĽ⣬ǹ̬Ľ⣡
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ҶЩתΪԭ룬Ƚǻ۵ĽӦɽۻģû뵽Ľⲻܣ˹ʱ⽣Ҳ˹
ѵԼֶԸ̬Ľ⣿
뵽⣬ҶԼбҪȽǻ۵Ľˡ
ҶȻûѡܣĽ⣬ȷʵ޷Կ̬Ľ⣬̱ȽϸߵĽ⣬Ǿлˣ
ֻҪɵ̬Ľ⣬ȻɣģٿԽʮأ
һᣡ
ûԥҶ߶ԼĽⱩȥ
һʱ䣬ɽһ

ʥء
ʥߴ½ȴߴ½֮⣬Ϊʥǵʥ߾ǿֿٳĵռ䡣֮˵ʥߴ½Ϊ˵ףʥػߴ½Ƭ
ߵãԣߴ½ʮϡΪ½ڶǿΪʥصǿѹߣԽ½õᵽʥأͬʱҲʱ½ԼֲͬĵͳзʽҲʥء
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ھ˴һ
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ͻȻڱһһһǱҲ΢ز˲ڽͷǸֳһϸС΢ɲѺۡ
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ڤɲԽԽƵˡһü߳
һ߿ǸְΣȻʮʱ䣬ȻҲ޷Щʧ䣬ʮ갡ǰʥҲǾ޿ܻ˾õģȴǴôꡣǾʲô
ҡҡͷǶ޷ϤЩߵô֪ܵʦ֣һ꣬꣬һڤɲܾҪһض齣棬ʱЩһ¾ͻˣ
Ѿˣһ߳
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ΪǺƷӡҲǵĶֵġԣڵȸǺǣҲѧ˰Ȼѧ֡Ҫǵߴ½ʱڲҲ³ˣ
ʦֻ֣һߣҵȻܹԸڵ߶㳲ʱʥؿ޷ֵɫصΪףѹĿɲǰʥߣ൱ʥ߾ǿߵߣ
ʱһĿͻȻԶ·Խռһ㣬ĬΣȻȥߴ½ʮ߾ǿֻһλʥҪǿ̫ࡣ
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ͫ΢֮ɫ漴ĿΣܿ죬ҲõϢ
һҡҡͷһȻʥʧʮλ߾ƷǿߣǺǡ
ĬΣߵʦ֣ǸΣ
ʥصܰߵǰʥҶʥأʥǲɱǣʥػкϣرҶ˱سֻһңӡҲʥڳֵ
ңӡ֣ɫ۽΢Ϊǿߴ½ˣõõʱʥؿν澡ɥ
ĬΣߵѵҪʥأ
ҡҡͷ̫ˣ߾ʮʥ˵˼ǰʥҲʧϵߴ½Լħ廹кλ˵ֻҪԸǣʥʥԸöʥ
߶ݣΪʥǿӰʥǿģҲֻʥܹӰʥǿߵ԰ʥ˵޷ܾ
һʥƴ಩ǵĻ߾ǿ߱ʥǣƣλʥԸ⾡ȫȻǲܡ߳
ҡҡͷֻҪǣʥߴ½߾óֵĹذˡ
΢΢һȻˡ׼˭
аɣߵ
а
ԭ㶣ȻҶʩչطǿֲĽ
ҡҡͷʩչطɲûк֢аʥ˷˺֢ҲԲڶʱڼʩչΪ˼Ը⣬ʦҲͬģ
Ȼߴ½֮ˣǲɷϣаܹԸ߳ʵ
ǰаնɱһͷʽаħ˵仰ֱʧԭء
΢΢һ㶣ȻǷһĨЦݣ¿ɺˣһ»Ǵʥڰˡ˵䣬΢΢һȻʧԭء
ʮꡭҪˣ
ͻȻִһǱǸֽǿʼҲ
ߴ½
䣡
ĳһ̣ߴ½һţ콵ףӿҽ
һ̣ߴ½л߾ϵǿ߶ĿǵԴ
Ϊаʥˣ
ĳմĻ˫ָһĨѪͷ˸һССġˡ֡ͻȻĻ϶ͷϵǸССˡʧͬʱһ׷߳ĻϵΧ
¾Ȼʵ߳ǰδеءΪʵԻ죬ǾɱˣǰλĹɱˡҲ˵Էʵ֮ϣ
ĻϿһۣ֣ŻɱһλҪ𣿡
׷Ƥһǰλţ
Ļûйˣ̧ͷգüͷĶ֣ߣҲЩʥҲʥصˡƬա
ڼأ㻹ɱһλ𣿡
ʱһ۵߳˳С


627 ں
ĻջĿ⣬Ŀ˶ԷһۣȻʣû뵽ⲻμߴ½ϲȻҲˣҵЩˣʥصǳʲôȻѾֻѰһ
ߴ½£ҺȷʵκϡֻʥظĶ޷ܾߵ
ĻЦЦǶԪ֮ˣܹĶĶ޷ǾܹӰʥԪʥˡҲϻˣְɣҵҪܲٴһλʥ
˫΢У¾ôţ
ԣĻϵ
ʥǿĸûƢ֣һԵĺȴֹ˺ʣȻһöʥֵҵƴ˵ţĻϣ˽ûбҪֻһҪǾǴӽԺ󣬴Ҷػ߾ǿֵ߲ܳԼȻҶﵽ߾ԼϣΣ
ĻɨһۣȻסǵĻл߾ǿ߶֣ɱľͲһˣһ򡣡
δ̫ˣʳ
ǿ֣ĻͻȻ򺣻ʵ
ɫ΢䣬Ҫǿôһ㣬Ǻʣ޷׵ľͻɱ졭
ҼȻɱѵͲɱ𣿡Ļϵ
ɫЩѿֻһһݻʤңҲضܹ㸶ʹĴۣ
ĻҡͷЦЦȻˣ˵ЩǷϻˣ֮ԴӦǣηǣֻҲСңҪɳ˶ѡ
˵꣬Ļֱʧԭء
˵ʵѾǰʥ۷塣Ļߺ󣬺߳
Ȼɱ죬ضҲˣ֣ضԳȥ𣿡ʵ
ڴһλǾܹǡ׷ߵһöʥʣֵһʥƴ𣿡
һʱɱ˺ʱǾɱҲɱˡ˵꣬һֱʧԭء
˺ϣĻ໥ɱߺ󣬺ߺȻ
׷ҡҡͷû˵תһȻʧˡ
ʥ޴ڰ
˵һȻҲʧԭء
˶ʧһ˳˳УĻͻ֣ᷢǹǳ
ɨΧһۣǳǷһĨЦݣȻʧԭء
ǳʧ󣬿ռһ󲨶ţĻٴγ˳СŹǳȥķĻüͷ΢壬һĨء

ڡ
ʱɱҶĽǻ۱ȽϸߵĽռϷ磬ҶЦҲԽԽࡣ
Ϧ˿ҶıҲǴһ⼸Ҷ鲻ϱţһɬһᾪȣһϲÿһҶıãʫϦľ
Ϊǲ֪ǽҶڵ׷ʲôҲ֪Ҷܲܳ׺ԵڶϿʼҶ϶ЦݣüŮǿŴʯͷȥ
ڣۻεĽҶĽһɽ£ʼڽڰˣֱۻεĽ⾹Ȼʼܡ
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628 īа
ںϽ⣬ûҶеôѣΪʱɽⶼϣûһ㿹ܡȴҲûô򵥣ΪʱֽǰֲͬĽ⣬ҪЩͳһȫµĽ⣬ҪҶһһĥ̽ġ
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629 ߣ
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630 ɵ
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׵ڱӿȻʱȴѾ֮⣬ϵǱʱѾڡ
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ҶЦЦȻ֮ǰλҲͬţǴ˿̶ˡңҲΪһλġ

ʱԡ俴һҶЩˣеʵˣ;Լ޵ˣⲻ֪ڱУֻһСѡ
𣿡ҶЦЦȻս㣬ҷ񣿡
ᣬȴǲ˵ҡʦһλߵʦϱˣǻ߾ǿܹƴһƴǶҶûһգΪҶǽͨ˵ͨ߾ʦĿǣ
鲻˵ҶЦһ˭С֪˰ɣ

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Ϊһϸܹ׵⾳īа˵ţȡһɫӣӴ򿪺һķɵɵָУԭҾ֮ӦҪսһ춯زŷʤģھûҪˡһǿһǽһתȥ
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631 ƣ
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ĿҲѩϣҲգգۣȻСֳѩ˹ȥȴǱסˣΪǴġ
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޿ѵҪնɱ𣿡ҶϻͲҪ˵ˣ򣬾Ҫ㶦۹ҳ׸𡣡
һ˾ԸҶ۹ڻԵĽɫŮͻȻ
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ҶüֻɳǵĴԼϿճһĹĻ
Ǵ
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ˣǽǽͻȻѿðһطľ޴ڹܣ°ٸȫ׼Ҷ
Щǿǵؽõļ֧ҲǵؽףзʦƵļǿƣҶ۹ʵ飬ʮ߾ӳʮ֧һʵУΪҶ۹һ߾ǿ䡣국
Ҷ˵ָָЩ޴ڹܣڣҲԶʱߴ½ѾûκܹˡĹڣ׵ɱһλ߾Ʒǿߣ
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յСԴȻҲæȥ
ֺֻú̸̸ӵ
ЩɻҶ
ӵ˵ͷҲãֲ翴ܣ
Ҷͣ˽ŲûͻȻ濪ʼӿš䡱һʮ׹Եص׳˳Ȼһ췽ʽҶΧЩ׹ʬ˼ƣֻЩ׹ǵ䶼һ
ӣּˣ
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㣡Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ȻϤʬԼ۹ЩȻǶԴ˵֡
΢΢һЦܹõ޵еĽʼǵãҡӲʶЩãΪӽܽܰɡЩ׹ǵǰǻ߾ƷǿߣȻʱǵʵ൱߾Ʒⲻص㣬صӦÿʱվλãվλҵһΪ󷨡
˵ţ˫ֽһӡɲǼ䣬ɫȻ漴֮ϳ߿貵ǣ߿ǵʱҶΧʮ˵;Ȼȫͬ
ҶüͷĸˣΪЩ졣

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ǴʱȻǻ߾ϢѾ޽ӽ߾ȻʵҲ޽ӽ߾ǿߡ
㵹ЩˣҶȷʵǰ˲أЩǰδĶ
΢΢һЦ򶨣Ϊ˽ԵʡȷʵӵнȷʵҪЩáֻӿܻЩˣǿɲǵʵ޽ӽ߾ѣǻܵӵģ
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£ʮͻȻĵţʮâЩӿȻڿһ𣬵ЩһһεѹʱҶϡ
գգۣ¶صɫʡѾûгԶˣߵҶԣСֽסҶ·
һɽҶӿֺҶϵǹѹżࡣ
ʮλ޽ӽ߾ǿʵõһǵʵɲǵĻ߾ںܾúܾ֮ǰҲù󷨣ӿ֪󷨵𲻵Ҷش𣬱ֵһ߾Ʒǿأ
һΣ𾪵ĲҶԵӣ֪Ե󷨵ģ֪󷨵ǿնɱ߾Ʒ
ĿһжȻһ˿ɵԭ޿ˣ޿ܺ󣬶ԷͶ˵ܹȻȻܣϾǼʶġֻϸϸ˵ʵЩذ
ΪûԼôģ
ʩչط߾ӿɾûˣͻȻ
ʥصİɣҶȻҶŵߴ½󷨣ߴ½ûУǾֻһˡԷʥأ
΢΢һȻЦ
һЦ˵ɫˣΪŮģ
𾪵Ŀ֮У˫ַһĨһžɫճ˵ǰ
ʥʥߣ鳤ʣŮ΢΢һЦ


634 棡
ʥأ
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ҲǣŮӵʵȻǾŪЩҲīа֮ˡն߾Ʒīаġ
㾹ȻʥصˣأһЩ룬ʵ
Լ㷢ЦȻඡ
ɫ΢䣬㡭ȳ⼸䣬ǺȳĻҲ˿ڣԷʵɲܹȳġ
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˵⣬΢΢һ٣Ȼȵն
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һĻմ˴ȻһܵҶ
ݺݵգûļһҲǲҶ󡭡
ŮĶҶ΢΢һЦȻǰ̤һ⽣Ȼʣ⽣飬һ𣬳ǵݺݵײ˹ȥ
˿ǵ
䣡
˵Ŀ֮У뵶ݺݵײһ𣬳һ˲һȻ쳹𣬽ţһ˳Բγ͵ɢ˿֮ռһڽţռƺܲסЩ˵𶯣ǡ䡱һը˿
뵶ǽӴһ߲ûѿ֮϶ǳѷ졣

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Ҷûʱô࣬䣬Ȼν
֪ȷʵˣ֮ǰЩʱӦӦøŮ˷ϻȻҲ˱ľˣ
ǲǺܺڣǲðνԸԼ󷨵ҶЦʵȷʵǿΪīа˾;ŲôãȴǻࡣϧվҪ
ƺЩ̫ˣһҶͻȻ
ҾǵΣأɹŲõЦݡ
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ţһɫӳҶ
ʥʥ鳤ʣ
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635 ʽ
λʥǿߣ
ǽ֮ϵĻһ㶣ȻǿϲʥڲҶˣߵŪҶڼĺ棬ҶǻǱɣ
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㻹ǾҶԸһЩˡ
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ƺҪ˵ʲôʱ˶ȻɫȻһԵҶֻʱҶŽ档
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ҶͻȻͣȻ֣߶֪Ҷʲô˼ЩԥΪҶȵȥȴû˿ԥֱӻһ׹ûҶڡ
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˸˷ܵɫʣû뵽һ֣óԼǿľУ
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Ҷͫһ⽣бϣ֧֧ϡ

Ҷе⽣Ȼѣ֧ȴֻǲ˲ȻҶؿȥҶ֧͸壬Ϊо֧͸壬㲻϶ҲҪˣ
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ʱ˿̵ĻѾص۶Ҫ麺ʲϧκδ۵Ľύʥءʱ˿̵Ķ۹Ѿ翣ֻнʥŴܹȻҶ˵ĻǾ͸ˣ
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Ҷһ̾ЩζΪնνһһ֮ͬеߵκܣ
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𣿡
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636 һأ
뷢
һģǴӲͬķҶȥǵﵽҶǰɷΧʱͻȻת䣬ȻһȻγһ֧׳ĳķʽҶȥ֮ռͬػĲһ㣬ֱӷ鿪
ڷһ֧󣬺ɫ˲Ұףϥ֮С
һĻ˫ֽգ˷ܵɫʡսʥʱʩչһϧˡԺҲûмʩչˣΪʥǰЩ⣬ûֵʩչ
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Ŀֻߴ½һ߾һƷĽޣ
Ҷܹӵס
ҶܹӵסҶҶܹսİأ
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Ҷǰһ˽⽣֮УȻ͵һΡ˷Ҷ˲նνӣõ˴ηǵ˿ļ
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Ҳһֻ˿ͬʱ·ʮϱ貵Ҳɢȥ
ȻúҶⲢԹۡǺܣԥĳ֣
ڿѾˣ
飬жȻɢ˷ܵɫҶһô۹ܹ𣬶ҲпܻΪ۹һεĻʵۡ޿Ѿ׳ˣ
ԼȥҶ΢΢һ̾ò˵ȷʵǿǳ˰Ͼ֮ǿ߾ǿߡӦ˵ϾʵǵֱʱǰĻϾʤǰӣ
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ԭʱҶѾ˺ǰҲɫ΢䣬ָգۼ䣬ٵɫ
ҶֻһЩɫֱӱɢޡ
뵽ʲôͫһ֮ɫӦǾ֮ɫȻˣӦȴǲȻȵسɡ
һֻδ£һεͬɽѹϣõ΢΢һ٣һ˲һǰһ
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Ҷں𣬽ţһ⴩壬漴Ϣ

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ΪʲôҪΪʲô˵õҪһЯֶԿߵġ
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ΪʲôҪߴ½о󷨣ڸ㣬ΪҲδսʱȡ
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󷨱ƣҶһʮǰȻһУȫ˺СǰѾ֣Щ˲ʬǰǻ۵ģЩ˸ûʶֻǼ򵥵Ŀܣ
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ЦˣҶīаĻĿǰΪֹʥزҶУߣ˼ҿûҹ鷳ʥأһһεҪԣҪԸĲߣʥأ
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Ҷҡҡͷֻʶѣ֪ɣҲܶʥв𣿡
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ҶҡͷһЦǵ𣿡
䣬һɽⶸȻҶӿ
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638 ʮؽ⣡
ҶӿĽ΢΢һȻһҶһģһվҶԡ
ûġҶҶһģһֻһûġҶ峺аҶ䡣
ҶһۻûġҶЦЦȻһûһ⽣Ҷǰ
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Ҷ˵ͷһ̣⽣͵£һڵĻڴϡ䡱һ죬ܹ߾ǿߵĴ˾Ŀ֮Уѷ졭
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ӵ֮һôڣ֮ͶȻռһԭ򣬵ǸĿ϶Ϊĳ̶ֳ˵Ѿȫ۹ˡ
Ȼߵ˵ͷѾͶȻڵڴ
Ҷ˵ͷȻתȥ
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Դڣ
ǿܲͶߵ
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ֻһ㣬ǾվҶߣ͵Ҫ붦۹ԼʥΪУĶ۹Ȼ壬ʥȻɲ尡
һʥ¶ɱҶĹˣҶĹֵܹס
죬Ҫ˰
ߵһ̾ȻӰʧ˿С
뿪ںҶԴڣԴƺԤҪѾ˻ڴ󣬲еӶװңҶп˶۹ǿߡ
ȻҪҶ޿


640 Ǿս
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ҶҪ֣޿ͫһæҶǻ̸
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ҶָԴԴԴһλᣬǲ֮Դڣ
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ԴĬ֮Եڻվ޿ߣΪʥûз۹ȻʵǾӹɵġͶҶȡܹȡһʱĺƽǵպʥȻʱʱɾԴڴ֮ˡ
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Ҷüͷһ壬ͻȻһƳҶǰĿռ䡣

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УСԼйϵҲ⵽˴ɱģֻǶɱ˶֮У⡭ʱΣڵϦԣýٻ½㣡
꣬Ҷ˫ۻϣһ̣˫۶Ȼӿ֣⽣֮УȻ͵һΣֱӿ޿
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ȻΣĻԽǿ󣬶ԼԽ
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Ļϵ߾ϲ֣ܳǷˣȻˣǾҪȸۣ䣬Ļֳ͵һġ
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һŭȣһӣͬһֳֻϿգȻָֻһ֣ͱһֻƿնľĵ÷顣
ͫһ¶֮ɫǰĹ˵ʵ֮ϡ
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˻ʹϵߴ½׷ߵ
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Ҷͫ΢ܹвĻ㣿ôǿ
ĻЦЦֻǸоˣĶ֣ʮҲҵĶ֡ǰ֮ԲɱԭһҲԴСϣԼȥɱɱҪɳĶҲҪԼȥԸֻܱ֤㲻ᱻԴС
Ҷ˵ͷףĻϷģһŬġ
ĻϵڵʵȷʵҲģЩ죬ԳۡҪŬȹԼڵľ磬ԼĽ⡣Ȼ߾ƷվǿģЩڸȻպ鷳ϡĽҲˣҲҪԼ
Ҷ˵ͷȻʵĻϿ֪򣿡Ȼ˽򣬵ȴûսΪƣȻ֮ǰ밲Ͼ֣ǲûпǽڤŮŮӡ
Ļҡҡͷ֮رǽֻңеҲ˽⡣ʥ֮п֪ʥĹϵǲģԣԼĥˣѾˣܲģ
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ڵĽʮأһأһ˲佫屶ҶŵĿ۳ɵ⽣ƽһ߾ǿߣȻָһ߾ǿߣ
ҪһأԱĽ˵ѣǶҶ˵ȴЩ򵥣츳жãΪĽʮءԽԽôһԽף
ر밲Ͼ֣̽ˣ̶̲һµʱ䣬ǽһ˵ڶءٶȣԼѾܿˣǰϾȴǻϾ˵ҶǷģ밲Ͼʱһŷ֣Ͼ츳жֲ
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653 
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ܿ죬ֻʣΪ׵Ϊʵ߾۷壬ƤӲȻ£ȴû
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Ҷ˵ֽܶģÿڡ
ռһ֮Уǵռ֮ôͨڿռ֮пٳġԱ˵ռѷǷǳΣգܿģǶԿռһ˵ͨĿռѷʲôΪǴСڿռѷУֻѷе
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ʥأû˿ʤ㣡׻һ峤Ҳ뵽ʱް׻һ塣
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ͫһʱһվ˳վʮʽǿ߳
пճϵĳϵһ̾峤ʥΪУǣ


654 أ
ԶһĻ¶֮ɫţһˮСצץҶͷ
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⸱ģҶһۣСԴǸͷʶ
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ʿ߰ΣȻŵճϣΪʲôǿҳģҲ϶𾴵ˣΪʲôҿռһ壿ǵ׸ʲôôҺܺ棬ĺܺ档
ռһ壬ȻʣҲ峤ŵļ壬Ҳһܹ˵ģڿռһһǿߣЩһǿ߻ʵϲʣеȴǲʵģǰճϣǿռһ峤ߣ
ճҡҡͷʣ֣˲฽ӹҲǲΪΣаʥҶҲȷʵǺǱǣԼԼܹԿʥʥ㳲ʱΪѵǣеʥصŭ𣿡
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ʲȥʵĿ⣬ѵûԴһˣԽԽȺʼˡȥǿռһΪʸ֮ġһֱȰ㣬
ԣ˹һң갡ʶꡭ¶Գû뵽û뵽ҾȻԼε˸ѣǷ̰ķ̰
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Ҷûйܿճϣߵʵǰ˲ҶգȻɵʵǰСԴеĵ֮ɫûµġ
϶ͻȻлһȴǿֱӽͷŤˡ
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ҡҡͷҶǳ̶ȣЩˡлǸ˾ӶࡣʵҲĻΪôҶΪҶϧʥԼߴ½İʥΪУһȷǾҶдܡ
СŮСرСŮȻܹѾʥ߾İٻʦɵѡЩļǵð
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ҶĵطʱһԵͻȻ
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ҶʵûĴ뿪ЩѾˣ˫˵ǲݣûкͽĿܡҪͽ⣬ͶҶҲǲܵģɲ뵽ʱЩ˷һڣ
Ҫ󻼣ǾֻгԷ
磬ܶʱʴǸҪĶ
ƾ֮ǲĴģҶɲɵվĻϣôţĴɽȻҪáĻڣЩʽǿ߾ͲҶ֣ʽǿ߲֣ܳʽ£˭֣
ҶֱӶֿʼɱ˶סˣʶ΢΢һ㶣Ҳû뵽ҶȻĸҾô֡Ҫ֪ڶʮλʽǿ߰Щǿ֮УֻҪ㼸λ֣ɱİ
ȻҶվһλʥѵͲ˼ҹǽ𡭡
нݺᣬ׶صĽѹ£ÿһոһǻƽǷһ壬ǷΪ̬һûܹסҶĽϢʱ䣬ʮҶС
ɱɱ
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׻һ峤ŭֳҶ͵˹ȥڻʽ۷ǿߵѹ£ҶʱԭأܶҶȴû˿η֮ɫ
ݣ
һڵĹƾճֳУ˴󺧣ţֱֻӶ׻峤֣Ȼ԰׻峤üһ
һλʽ۷ǿˣ
ɫҰףԵճϴʱҲɫ
ʥѵĲ𣿡
ͻȻգߴ½ʱܹ裬ѵʥҪ𣿡
ʥ壡΢΢һ
ưߴ½˸ۣʥ֣׻һ峤
ʥ֡
Ŀռһ⣬мʥȥǿճҲȥ

һ̾Ϣڳ𣬽ţһλ׷߳˳С׷ֺ߳ĻҲ֮ų֡ңңԣ
ѵҪھս𣿡ʥĻϣ
Ļɨһʵˣ˵ֻҪǲԴСҾͲ֡ǸҲ֣Ҿǡսǲʽǿ֣߳ҾгֵĻʽ޵塣ֻ벻룬ûҸҲңǲţǾԣ
ʵɫЩѿȴǲҷЦһλʥһһλʵȺİʥôҵ淴
ʥ˫ֽգһĨâһ뵽ǰһ˶սʱĳʱֱ˿ĬþòŵӦ߲ǵĴУߴ½ڶֻ˱ˡ
Ļϵʵ˵ĺܶԣڶֻ˱ˣǣҾãߴ½ֻһáˣǻǳȥΪãҲպҪ巴һ
㵱Ҫܾˣʥкâӿ
ǰʱҶͻȻվ˳ʥ΢΢һ
ʥһҶһĨӣô
Ҷ֪ǰ뷨ǰ֮Եִ޷ΪʥѾΪУǰպʥŭʱǰΪδ룬㱾ûдġֻһǰǰʥպһܹ򣿡
㲻֪ʥصĿ£ʥǿ統꽣ʦɵѣڣûﵽʦǰز
ҶЦЦҲǰһ䣬ǳʥǰȥʥضԿߣһ£ǰȥǲȥأ
ʥüͷһ壬βҶ˼߳ڼǰʥؾѾǿǰʥضԿߣƽĶۣȻǲȥģΪȥˣܻܿᱻڻң
ǲȥŭʥء
ʱҶֵǰӦף໹ޣǶӦýϣڱϡʥе£ΪӲߴ½ҪˣвˣųȥæҲһǿߴ½ߵ̬ʥǰãͶһǰ;
ѵͶǰ;ʱһ
Ҷ俴һۣȻֱӶԷʥ岻Ͷ򣬶ˣȻɻʥߣǲҪȥ˱Ϣɫ𣿡
ʥĬΣһҶĻϣȻ˵ˣʵ˿ʥҲǺ˳ۣû취Էƴ󡣵Ȼѡ񣬴ʱΪЩΣΪôǾζǰһһҪɱˣ
ʱҶȻ壬ĻòɵʤˣҲᱻλĹ˸С
ʥĻʵռĿճԼʶɫ䣬ˣĴ򣬵ʥ
ʱҶͻȻȻǰӦ˫Ҫ໥Щˣᣬɣֻһʣа׻һ峤ܴڣȻǰ̸һϣǸսս
Ҷ˼ܼ򵥣⼸ΣΣʿ϶ҲΣ壬һָʲôʱͻһɲ뱻
Ҷ㡭ʵ˴ŭȴǱĻһۿİҡ˵Ļ̻ȥˡ
Ƕǻʽףʥʵǳ˰ʥ֮ǿˣ
ҶҡҡͷҲһ·˵ģǰʥҲҪ
ʥҶΣȻϵδխáΪͷģҪʴȻҪģ
ҶЦЦʴȣҲҪʲôˣֱңȥǣδұΪ
ûأʥ
Ҷһ⽣֮УûУ
ʤΧռ俪ʼһĻʵһһ̣ʥͻȻ֣ȴǲǶҶĹ˳֣ǶԼﻹа׻һ峤֡
һֻ޴צƾճ˵ͷȻصȥ
ʥ㡭ʵ˴󾪣ôҲû뵽ʥͻȻǳ֡뻹֣ȻѾ
צ£˵ĵĻɢצһУѪɵצС
Ҷ΢΢һҲû뵽ʥͻȻʵ˳֡
ԱߵĿճԼɫһסʶĳ
ʱĻͻȻͨˣҲˣ
ʥЦЦͽ˵ĺܶԣ廹࣬ǿԼΪסңҲ뵽翴
˵ĻҶٴ΢΢һ㶣ѵĻʥ֮йʲô̸У
Ļϵ˵ͷһѪ·ȷҪߣ
ʥЦѵڹãҿܾҪʬˣԣûѡ񣡡
Ļϵȷʵ
ʥҶһӣѪɵҶǰ㲻˵ҲɱǵģΪҲ뱻λʽ۷޵ľѪӦвС
ҶҲ飬ӹξѪȻһл
ʥһԵĿճˣճһȻʡ
ʥȴûпʣǿҶЦЦǣɱǲɱأ


656 ߳
ҶǰСԴ˲Ҷ°ͣȻ顣
ҶԴЦȻɱ
ΪΣʥʵ
ΪСһģҶҲκĵ¡
ֻҪСһҪģǶԵĻǴģֻҪСһﲻģǻ˺棬ȥΪСһκ£ЩԸģУСһĵλҪ߹Լ
̧ͷһҶȻСצסҶĲӣܽ
ҶĻ΢΢ͷ֮ԲҶҪΪҶ㡣ţʲôʱҶ˺
ʥҶ˵ͷЩףΪʲôƫԸȴܹô˸ˡΪҶһ㣬ǾǸ㣬ΣҲᱻһ棬޿ʮǧ
Ҷ°Ħ˲ңҲˡ
ʥЦЦȻĻϣȻѾѣЩ̣ط
Ļϵ˵ͷȻʥʧ˳С
ҶʣǰԼļ£ǰԼɡ
ʿһճϣȻһӣһεĿռΧ
Ҫ飬ȴǶҡҡͷ£ҪãȻϺδ棿
ճ󻹺ãΪСһʵĹϵ˻Ǹ췴ĿռȫѪɱȻ˴ʧ˿ռʵǶ˵ֻгȥЩܰģ
Ϊʥսӣǳ䶨ʥλѾˣ˭飿
Ҷ˻ʽ֮Ľն飬ˣ֮
ļ룬𶦺۹˵׾١
ܿ죬ɵĴˡҶûȥЩЩܣҲܲѾ˾ԵʵҲҪ壬ˣصǶ㵽Լ
ҶǰѪɫӣѪɫ˵ľѪ
ûԥҶֱӽξѪ˽ȥǰȻôھ徫ѪѾȻ߾ǿߵҪֲԣλʽ޵ľѪɵ
ѪڣҶǸоڣһʹã̶ֳȵʹ˵ʲô
ξѪ̺ǿҶҪľǽЩѪȻաȻԣܲԴͻƻ߾
ȻƾξѪͻƻ߾ȻǲܵģԣҶ׼ǧųƷʯԼУÿʱỵ̈гƷʯȼգȻûڡ
߾һֻ֮֮أ
ҲֻܹڶȻСŮ
ĵڶĶܹСŮҶţĶİ϶ҲǼģԣΣ̵ʱڿڶ㡣
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ʱѹߵľ֮ܵУٶλߣЩȫǻ߾ǿߣһǻ߾Ʒ
Щߵǰ棬վʮλ۵ߣʮλߣȫǰʥף
ʮλʥףٶλ߾Ʒ
ǳߴ½ߴ½
ʱЩǿߵɫȴǼأתΧռٴУ
ʦ֣ӡɶ߳ʥλڱչأΪ׵һǰߡ
յߵ߶ѣҪʥ֣ʥʮˣ
ǰʻߵ˵ͷҲǣֻҪǵײǼλˡֻҺܺ棬ʥλʵ˺̶ֳȣͬǰʥλǰȴǸоԼǻ߾
տһʻߣڤ츳ҲŬδɾ;δرλ
ڤ˵ͷԥ£ֵǴҶжʬ壬Ȼʥ֣ܾȻ𣿡ˣĺ״ӡ
ճĬΣȻҡҡͷ𣬿ʬ嶼ûбҶ¡ڤ֪ʲôҪסҪǶԸҪߣҶߴ½Щϣȴ˼ˣȥЩɱɸɾЩϣȻΥʥǲ֪
ڤһϲ漴üͷʦҵʵǳȥߴ½ȻܹΪ𣬵ʦӦ֪ǰʥ̤ߴ½ΪᱻѹƳɻ߾Ի߾ʵ²Ĺ˵Ķ֣
Ĺˣ
֣ڤ˫΢УһĨءһʼʥزûעĹˣڵ֪Ĺһ֮ԿλʥʱǲòضԴˡǣʹʥصʵȻҲûвĹ˾Ǻηʥ
ȻɵΪҲţǶߴ½ʥҲܹһ˵ʮ֮Ķܹһж
ϾʥصĴпɲߴ½ܹȵģ
һһ͸ķʯͷС
͸ʯͷڤ˫ԲʯȻʯʥȻʦ㣡
ڤ𾪣ԱߵļλʥҲ¶֮ɫ
ʯʥؿνһƽʱֻʥλʸաû뵽ʥȻգ
յʥֻǽ˱ݽҶѣĿģһһʧǳʥؽλʥʥصˣ˭ɱġ
д˱λĹ˱ɣڤӹһĨâ
յܴ⣬ʥ˱ǣĿľҪһʧԣʥʮ󻤷óȥ󣬻ʥʥǽʥԣһ£Ҳõģ
ʥ֣е֮ɫɢȡ֮Ǵϲ
ˣ
ʱھ˵ĽͻȻһ
յɫ΢䡣
䣡
ͻȻ˵һͻȻһţһӰȰг˳
ڳˡӰٶȼ죬˿䱾塣֮һЦ
ܿ죬ЦͣˣΪܣλ߾Ʒʮλʥ
ͣº˿ӵòڳûмߵģڼʱסˣΪЩν߸û˿⣬ࡣ
ӿȥᣬʮ꣬ڷ΢ɫƤߴ½΢һ
ӿΧ̣ͫһȻ͵תͷ
ȻѾˣǼʮڹг˳
ǷһĨɱ
λ߾Ʒǿλʥһ֡


657 ز
ɱ
ڷӵϣһֱӳձȥֶոһģһɫӡ˺ѿռ˲ǰɫӡѹֱӽΧռѹõڿռѷ֮С
Щռû˵գ
ԭʵһɵһѹʮ꣬ʵҲǰţǲ֪
ճǰ̤һһǿӿţֻƣһһѩİâһɫӡи룬Ȼ˺ڷؿڡ
䣡
ڷ˲仯Ѫ꣬Ǻܿ죬ЩѪȻֿʼۣȻ󣬺ڷֳ˳У·ղĲڷɫԱǰࡣ
ҹȥ
һ̽һֻצֶץס˺ڷӣȻֱӻ˾֮С
γߴ඼ֻǻ߾ˣʮλʥλ߾ǿǰܳЩֶСʥҲʧأʮλ߾Ʒ
ǿһһ֮ͬУߵ˸ǵĶ֣ڤɫصΪǰһλ߾߾Ȼ˺üУ
ɫҲЩأǼɵ֮ǰЩߣǼɵвԼײЩߣߣĿֲҪǣЩɱĴڰǰѾɱ˶ԷǶԷȴܹڶʱ֡
ò࣬Ȼ¾㵱½ǿҲʤЩߣ
䣡
ʱһӰԾײ㲿λͻȻ˳
ռ˶סˣܿ죬˷Ӧæȵס
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ӰͻȻһŭȣţ׹ʡʮ״ڳ£ʥʮλ߾Ʒǿߵ׹иޡ
ռ䣡
˻ûüӦһռͻȻʥʮλ߾Ʒǿ䡭

մŭ˫Ȼ͵سǵӰһƣʮâţͬһһǵӰ˹ȥ
죡
ǵӰ£һȵɫֶɫֺе¶ȶȻǧɫâΧռɫķ£ȻͬڵĿˮһ㣬ҹš
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䣡
һ죬һҲţ䡱һпռ˲̮ת˲ռͱ޸ŵϴܲµķ֮ǰʥҲ׵ĨȥĿռ䣡
νİʥʮǰЩʥĿɲһ㡣߹ǣţʮزձǧҵŰɣ
ڳ𣬵˵Ѿǧ֮⡭ʮλ߾Ʒǿʧ
ǧ԰ʥǿ˵˲Ϣ£յ˸׼׷ȴͻȻ֣زߵϢѾʧˡ
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͵һǰգһռ˲̮
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ʦ֣ӡɶʱֻܳһЩϲߣôξȻ߳ڤʵ֮ǰеע춥ЩϣûȥײЩߣˣǽز߳ʱŪǸֲ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ǰǰ㣬ƺѾܹ֮ԲڵȴᣬǰЩǸ˻ᡣ
ʦ׷鵽λ𣿡ڤʵ
˫΢գĬΣȻʥأǰߴ½
ʦ֪ڤȵ
յȻʵǿҲһ֮ʥ˷ˣȻǰҲˡʥأǵˣֻҪ֣·һֻǰߴ½лĻᣡ
ȥߴ½ڤüͷһ壬ܿ죬üͷ˿Դ˶Թޣȥߴ½ضѪϴߴ½˵δǻ¡
ҡҡͷˣ鷳ʹˣһָʵʥҪɱˡʱʥλأǶѲ˸ϵ
ǣڤʵ
һĨ䣬ʥأһԽز˶ˣ


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һ糿ͻȻΧǧﷶΧڵŹӿȥ
ϻԨԨףԭ΢˫۵ĻͻȻ˫ۣҪ̤𡭡
ͻȻĻͫһתͷʣģ˰˵꣬Ļֱʧԭء


658 ʯɫʯ
Ͽգվʮλߣʮλߵʮλߡ
Щ˲Ǳˣڤˣֻʱʮ˶ֻǻ߾Ʒʥسߴ½ᱻѹһףرҪ£ʥصİʥһ㶼ߴ½ģΪѹƾһܾԶزʥˣ
Σǲòˡ
زˣʥضлɳ
ߴ½ɨһۣһжУû뵽ûˣ˵Կߣһزּߣ¾ܽ½ٴδɢ
ȷʵ̫ˣڤȴǺܺ棬ƶĴ½Ȼܹôš񣬻λ˵η¡սӣλңӣλĹˡЩÿһλǾŰ
ңԼ񣬻ǸսҲͰˡλĹʲôʸλᲢۣǿİʥ̫ѣ
ڤ΢΢˵ͷҲĿ⿴ǣҶҪΪ߾˰
ûлˣ
΢΢̧Ȼ·Ĺ͵ѹ£һ޴˺ѿռ䣬ŹǺݺݵ׹ȥ
ʱһֻͻȻԹ·Ȼյֻϣ䡱һֺֻȻɢ
ڳ𣿡
ܿ죬Ļʥ˳˹Ͽա
ֻǻ߾
յˣʥ΢΢һԭΪǰʥû뵽ǰȴֻǻ߾ѵЩ˶ģ
ĻĿյɨɨȻǰʥף
ĿĻϣ΢΢ȣΪʵȻǰĹ˵ʵʵҪһǰĹܵһ˿Σգ
Ļϵ˵ͷǼȻϧ侳ߴ½ʲôƣʩչɣںݻ֮ķϻǾͲҪ˵ˣ˷ʱ䣡
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ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţһ۵߳˳С
ħʥ
ͬʱҲ˳Сħʥվʥһߣ̬ȲԶ
ʥɫһĻħİʥкİʥ̸ˣʱλ˵ǿǣû뵽ʥһǿ߳λ̾͵ʥء֪ˣӦĻֽħʥ뺣ʳȥ
ħʥ΢΢һ漴Цλ飬ʥؼˡɵߴ½λʥֻкôûл
ȻǰЩʥǿ߶ֻǻ߾ƷǺħʥɲдк΢΢˵ͷǵĴߣԿߣ廹ħ壬Һ壬ǶԴ
Щ˲ô룡տһĻʥĿʥϣλʥɣк֮£ʥҲдȱ֮ģҸһͶĻᣬֻҪͶ֮ǰʥؼ̣Ȼ˷ǧʥͻΪ
ʱħʥҲʥɱ˻ʣԿʥأ˾˴治ɲҪͿȻǧΪɥʱɾˣ
Ļˣʿʥ
ʥҡҡͷʥأѾǵʥˡڵʥأѾ˵½ЩȱǿߴʥصĿģЩǿߴ½ʥأĿΪ½һһΡ
˵⣬ʥǷһĨڵʥûҲûΣڵǣѾ˵ߴ½Щȱǿߵĳԡǣֻи߸ϵԽС
ʥضԿߣѵھǵΣ
ʥ֮ԶԿߣΪвǣǲΪߴ½ȥԿߣΪֻԼߴ½ǸûпǹǣӦ˵ʵʥѾ˲ǣ
ջ˵ʲôĻȴǰ˰֣ҾãϻͲҪڶ˵ˡ䣬Ļйȵһ˲ǰ
ԴС
ħʥһһյǰ͵غڹϣȵɻĻǰħʥ򳯺ʮɡ
ħʥƻգޱȡ
ĹˣΪʬǴˣ˭λʬҶͱˣΪҲ
óһ͸ʯʯͷڳʱʥɫ䣬ĻҲ˫΢У֮г֮ɫ
ĻʥˣħʥԼɫҲǾ䣡
Ϊ͸ʯͷֺ˵ľ羹Ȼһ˲˻߾Ʒ
ʯʯʥܹѹ߾磬ǰʥܱ⡣Ĺˣʲôʲôʵգڣյ֮Ըߴ½ΪʯΪʯڣ㾳类ѹҲҪηʥǿߣ
ֻҪʯͷķΧȻָܹʥ
ЦȷʵˣǸǲңΪܣǾͻߡ
νʥأЦһνʥдȱ֮ģЦ֮ǰǰʥذǣǣʵߣ
ӽԺˣյ
ʱĻһһɫʯǰ׵ʦΪҪɱʥˣȻ罣ʦδлᣬҲһȥʥߣ
䣬Ļֻƺǰʯ֮ϣʯһţгͻȻãֻ˵ΧһɴСľ޴ʯЩʯ֮ϣɢЩӰ£յֻʲôʧš
ʧʧħʥͻȻʧ֮г뾪֡Ϊʥȱ˶࣬Ҳм޵ģǣѾܾˡڵǣľԪڣȻжܹԪβ֣
Ҳɫ΢䣬ΪҲˣڵڲʧţһϢʧһٶȣʹҲ𺳵
ɱ
ղԥҲڷϻ֮ǾȥĹˣȻˣҲܲ
СЩĻ϶ʥ˵䣬Ȼճ˹ȥ
һʱ䣬ս
ϿŵЩʯڵǴȴܹܵ״Ϊ棬ʱʱĴһ
·ʼ޻ʵɫޱȣּսѾֵܹˣ
ʱԭһֱĬͻȻȻȵСģ͵Ϯ
£ֻͻȻʮλߡ
ȫǻ߾
кģҲħģҲж۹ģСԪŵԪˡ
Ҷɻˣ
ԪһŭȣһҶķ˹ȥ
ס
ʼʵɫ䣬æȵ
ȴûȥΪߵĻ߾ǿ߶ǣסˡ


659 Ͼķ
ʱԪɫٶʩչ˼¡
ԪҵҶɥ֮ȮӴܡΪ˱ϧԪżλ߾ǿͶħ塣ԭΪܹħܹѩޣû뵽ҶʵȴԽԽõûбĻᣡ
첻ˣ죬ʥǲʥǿˡ
Ԫ߾ʵֻգۼ䣬ҶǼ䷿Ͽգ֡
ͻȻһɫâһԼԪɫ΢䣬ֽճȭȻ͵һ䡣
䣡
һ죬ǵɫâɢȥ¶һɫǹǹԪǿµɶԪȴɫٴһ䣬ΪȭͷȻ˿
ԪĿ˳ųǹɵķȥվһ۵Ůӡ

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ҶһͬǾֻҪԼΪ£ǾͻȥҪҪԼڡ

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ʱ˼ɬһЩ죺ǲһֱģҲҪǿȻ磬Ȼһˣ̫ˡ
æ˵СԴͷҲæ˵ͷ
ĺܲҮС˵ʵһǳǳʹ¡
Ļƺͬ˵æ˵СԴǵ˼Сצ
̾һȻıļ򣬵㣬ǰڱңұǿˣԺ籣㡣ֻҪڣը˭ը˭òã
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ϦҡҡͷҪͷˣûоԵʵ֮ǰ˵ǵǵǲԼġ
ʫ΢΢˵ͷȻǲ̫ûЩϾܹﵽҩҲܣȴֻܱš
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ʫôŬҲ׷ĽŲˡһǲɲҵĶأ뵽ǰڶϻԨҶ֣ʫ΢죬ʱΪԵʣҶ飬ºǲɱҶأ
϶ģϾܹﵽҲܣϦг˼ᶨ֮ɫڲܰﵽҶһֱеһᣬԣʫϦ¶Ŭ
ʫ˵ͷȻҶķ䣬ϣպǲţܹЯֲս

֮УҶڵϣ˫۽գڲϵ޲дľѪͨˣȻ׵޾ѪģΪЩѪ֮е񱩣ͨˣ˵գ¾¶ң
Ҷ֮ԲЩѪҪԭΪڱܹܵЩѪڵĿ
ҶϵվѪ֮еЩڵľط˱仯ڣҲڲϷ仯ͻ֣ᷢʱҶţ
Ҷ˵Ҫܹ֮ʩչնνһܹӣ˱ǿ֮⣬иҪԭǾ
ǰνǰνٶȣҪԽǿԶμνǰνٶҲܹӡ
ԣҶ˵Ҫ
ʱһһȥתһ¹ȥ
һڣ顣
ҩĴһ·˶۹ĵ۶֪Ϊʲôҩûѡôǣפ˶۹۶⡣
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Դر֮Ҳû˶ں壬ڵ֪ʥǰʥ֮к޶˵˴Զ½ء
ˣĿǰΪֹߴ½濴Ƿƽ˾һƬ͡
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ҶҶΧЩ˶ʱٳ룡
Ҷһ˿Լ˫Լı仯һĨ˷֮ɫ޵ľѪ֮ʱԭǿɣ
ʩչնνٿһԵΣ
εնνһ߾ƷǿߣҲһս
뵽⣬ͻȻһͷҶУС˵Ҫﵽ߾ſԿڶ㣬ʵ˿߾ǲζѾԿڶˣ
ԭس˼һᣬҶԣ


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ڶһɫֻ֣Ҫ֣ܹﵽڶ㡣
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˵ߴ½֮磬ߴ½ûǿʵ˵ƽǻŶһ⡣
ܶʱ㲻ȥǱˣǲ˲㡣㣬ûǿʵĻģֻȥ衣ûʵû㽲ֻʵǿУֻǿ߲ʸȥ֧Լ
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㣬ҶȻԼľЩϸ΢ı仯
ͨû˼ϵĸɻľȻҲľΪȻҲо޴İرǽ뽣
ȻڵĽ⾳磬Ҫľ͸ǲܵģֻýЩ
Ҷһգ⽣У⽣ʣ뽣Źӿȥɫ뽣ӿ룬ʾҵزһâԹֶ֮
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δ߳Ƭ罫ǺεȵңʱûǿʵһжǸƣ
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˵Ҷ䣬Լ˫ֱצȻ⽣ٴʣ͵ٴһΡ
ҶһһεʩչնνȻնνǿʩչģƷʯв٣ÿʩչӵնν󣬾óƷʯȡе΢˺Ȼּʼ
ʩչնνҶٻ˳Ĵ߶£ҲʼعǵɫĻЧôԣʤޡ
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ҶһһβϵŬ£ǵɫĻȻûƣȴǶࡣȻɹе㲻ô룬ҶȴǸӵˣΪϣֻҪϣƾʲôŬ
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ҶȴǷ֣նνˣҲνٶȱ֮ǰӿˣȻֻΣҶ˵ȴһľϲΪףɣ
Ҷȫڲϰν״̬֮УʱƺѾĿģΪնνǽڶ㡭
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ˣ
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Ҷ΢΢üڵҩʵܲðߴ½Ҳеҩȴ΢΢رǵһľ󣬵ҩüԲơǰڣõҩʵߣʵҲǴġ
֮ҩߴ½ȻУȴûӡˣλԶԶʦʦߴ½֮٣
վԭ΢΢ĬƬ̣Ҷƿţ˽ȥ
һܣڷڵܣȫܣϣһһŵͲڷм䣬һ޴¯ӡ¯ĵذϣһһһ׵Բʯ̨ʯ̨ϣһһٵԲȦ
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ҶĿʯ̨ͣƬ̣Ȼ¯ӣ¯˵һλϣС֡¯
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ǰ𾿾ʲôΪʲôڤ־壿ΪʲôܹԼܵǿҵΣգ
Ҷ˼⣡
Ҷҡҡͷȥ⣬Ŀƹ¯ڰ¯һʯ̶ɵ֮ϣ֮ϣڷһŵİɫƿϰٸ
Ҷһϲһǰϸ֮£ŷ֣Щƿ϶װǵҩ滹дŵҩơԼáҶĿЩƿ֮һһɨĿһԽСƿϡ
굤Ʒ޸꣬ǿ꣬ںꡣ
ܣҶϲΪС֮˯Ϊ𣬶ҩȴǸպÿ޸꣬Ҳ˵ҩС߻ܹûԥҶסƿӣȴסˣ
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Сô죿
ҶһɿֻŸУ֮ôƴڶ㣬ΪľеҩܹСߣȴ֣һŵҩҲûУѵҪС߳˯ϰꣿ
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ЩͲźܶණҩģȪпʯԼϡŹֵĶЩǸйϵġҶûϸЩΪЩʱҪġ
һʱҶҵҪĶ
ƪ⡷ȫ
ҵƪҶϲΪرǲȫǼ൤ҩϸƷʽЩҩãҶΪ֮ĿĶǸʲôϼĵҩֻҪ£ܹ˲ʮΪһûκθã
ǸʲôתɵǹЧףֻҪһţܹ̥ǣһֻһƻǣֻҪŵҩܹ¾ۻ꣬Ȼ
Ҷǲܵ浤ҩЩҶǳл̬ȵģΪʵ̫Щ
ȻЩɣҶǾԳԣȻȥʲôתɵϼֵҩҪĲϣûģ˵ˡҿͲеĽܣвϣڵҲƳɹġҪԵǡ굤
ȻɵͿʼҪ˽һǡ⡷֮нܵĶǳлע⣬һĿȻ
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ҶţֵҩԻ߾ǿ߷ӶᣬʥǿҲܻ֡ʮЩƿû취ͻƣԪʣ˵ǲϧһдҲҪõĶ
ȻʥҶʱǱˣΪƵҶĿǰ˵죬˵ģǲϣһûм
ҶʱҪĿҲʥ鵤Ϊ굤鵤ķ롣ҶЩĵģΪСŮʵǻ߾굤ֻ鵤Ի߾þԵЩСʱҲûа취Ϊֻԣ
ֵһ˵ʲô˶ܹƵģҪһҪǾʦȱκһֶУȷʦҪ
ΪʲôΪʦҪΪҩ漰УҪ֮еĻҪҩģ֮еľҪȪ֮еˮҪ¯֮еĽ𡭡
֮ˣҪƳһŵҩΪܹڵҩڵĲͬ
ҶȻʱ֮ܳΪǺʣĽױԶ
ԣҶϳΪһʦıҪ
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ԽɱԽ˷ܣȫͬ裡
Զҩɫͳˮ΢΢ա
ҩʵ̫ǿȻ߾ǿߣȻһ߾ǿҲ֡þ취Ȼȥʧأڶҩԣ½
ҩҡҡͷһĨΣĻʵڶûг֣֤ǻˡѾ˻ȥ֪ͨҶˣ⣬Ӧûܿˡ
ߺǿȻֻǻ߾ƷʵԱһ߾ƷǿҪǿܶࡣҶܹԽս𣿡½ЩģΪǰۼ߾Ʒǿ߱ӻеģźӵӣƺûоȫ
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Ϊ߲Žᣡ
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ʮŲ㣡
ͫһн䱸ŨЩ߱ѹʱЩߴ½ǿǰʵѺǵģʵԽǿߣͻѺԽ͵㡣ǰǵʮŲ㣬Ҳ˵ԷʵԶ
ģҪ֣֮ǰͶˡ֮㣬Щ⣡ز
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⣬û𣿡֮дز漴һΪоԼǰӵϢˣ
΢΢ԥȻֻλ߾ƺûгȫ
زĬΣȻˣʥҪ赶ɱˣǺǣʥҪߴ½˰˼ɱҲϲɱȤ
ʥعҳģӲɵԭ;ЩԾпʥعģ
ڶͬһ磬һҸ棬뿪ȥħߺ嶼УɱˣȻôĶ֪زȻ
ЩϣǷһĨмƬϡǰʥҲɱң
֪ǵΪʲô𣿡زͻȻʵ
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֮԰ܣΪĿˣΪԼţƵĴڣȻսԵġףǲǰЩУǰǵĽԴϣǿߣûеôԾڴˣԼŰɣ
ҵʶʶ
ˣ
ʱһԶ쳹
˵ɱģҺԣ
Ҷڳ쳹𣬽ţҶ˵ǰ


672 ħܶܣ
ҶҩʱһͬʱҲһУھԵʵǰıܶʱûõģΣҶǲЩˣ»ᱻɱ
㣡ҶĿزϡ
زɱ˵ĿɲңȻҲ㣬ֻǲԩܡҶûʯаջɱҶҶʯԣͬһ֮ڣûаջɱҶ
ҶջĿ⣬һԵĺӣɱģ
Ҷֻһ߾ǷһĨм˵ҶȴͻȻıѾˣԣɣ
䣬Ҷе⽣ȻʣһɫԼٶ˲ӵǰӴ󾪣û뵽ǰ߾ϾȻˣû뵽Ȼ˵Ŀ죬ûлΣֻܽ˫֮ϣȻǵɫ
һĻҶһ׳անνĵӣҼһһأ̶ֳȵĹѾɱһ߾ǿˣǰλ߾ȻѰ·
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ӵʵ֮ǰۼģ߾ǿпɶûл֮ȴǱҶһͿ˫֡
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һĻҩһʣҶʵֱǿˡͬʱҲޱ𾪣ΪҶȻûгΪ߾ʵȴԽԽǿ˿߾ôģǴﵽ߾ʵֻΣ
ȵǿˣʱزͻȻ
Ҷûлش𣬶ҽ͵һ̤أĳͬڵ㵯ϢҶͳǺӵشʱͻȻһɫľ޴ȭӡ
Ҷ΢΢ü⽣ɨ䡱һǵȭӡи롣
ʱǺѾԿڷ˳ʱؿڣһĽۣɼɫΪû뵽Ȼһ߾ϸ˵ˣʮǰĳǿ˵һ޴ĳ裡
Ҷ΢΢üΪ֣˫ȻնϣؿڱˣǶԷƺûܵʲôرӰ죡
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΢΢һٴû뵽ҶȻһ仰˵ͳ֣ٴαŪ˸ֲӦһɫ;޶ܵǰ
죡
ɫ޶ܾһӳʮɣ漴ҶǵҶ㵵Ŀ֮УȻɫûǺɫ޶֮У
ףȻħܶܣʱһԵزһ漴ܾ˵ʥǿߵĹܹաڵܶ˵Ǹߣڣٺ٣ûʥ߾磬һֵܹհʥǿ߹ķԵٺ١ܸңҽһΣ

ûزһŭҽ͵ħܶϣ족һħܻܶһڹֱײҶ
Ҷνһ̣ħ֮ܶϡ

⽣ħܶܽǾһҶֱ۸оЩ顣ҶЩȣʱ˿Ȼ߾Ʒǿû뵽ӵȻҲô
죡
ͻȻħܶܺ棬Ȼһħ֮ܶϣ֮£ҶƵĳֱˡɺҶҽ͵̤أȻ͵һǿֱӽħܶܺĺɣ
ǰڿеĺɫ޶ܣҶһĨȣַԵĵʥܹգõֶһԿʥǿߵĵơû˿ԥһɺӺҶһ̽ץħܶܣ
䣡
ʱħܱܶһɫҶϡҶɫ΢䣬ˣʮɲͣʱϵƤȻЩڣֱֻ۸Ǹܵһ飡
ԼƣҶһĨ죬ܾȻ˵ǿ
ħܶܿɲ֮õǳӲľǰʥҲԴݻ٣һնִ󲿷ֵĹҽյڶڡյԽ࣬Խǿʥ߾ǿûʲôвǶ԰ʥȴܹʥ鷳һԣزͻȻ
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ΪʲôҶ⡣
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ҲΪʲô㲻ԭ򣬶𣿡ҶһزȻ⽣Ѿվĺӡ
زһ£ɱģ
һԣҶ
زʼ磬԰ɣ

ʱǺͻȻŭӰɫͬڷӿΧĿռ䶼ʼҵزǰԶħܶͻȻɢһȦεȦȦԽԽٶԽԽ죬գۼѾɢҶǰ
Ҷ˫΢Уһâ⽣Ȼʣһɫɨ
һԶµزһĨΪ̺֮ǰǿֹ
䣡
ǵײ΢ţһ̣綬ѩͣ˲䱻ɢֱ룬ֱֱغħ֮ܶϡڽħܶʱȴһ˲仯ɫ㣬Ȼûħ֮ܶϣ
ӷĴЦţǰʥħܶܣƾһСС߾ϣ˵⣬ɫͻȻò˵ɹļŭңһ
ţҶЦһζȻʧԭأٴγʱѾںӵһΣзҶʱħܶҶ
ʱҶ⽣˽ߣͬʱҶֱ֧ҲצצŽ͵ħܶ棬һĽħܶһֱӵ˳ȥɳɲͣ
ܣֻ߶
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Ҷ˵ͷҲ֪Щͷˣڣѵ˵Ҫ򲻳ɣ
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ܿ죬ҶЩˡ˵ƷǷܶĻЧġΨһĽ;ǣĻ֮ЧĲǵҩǵҩĺƵҩʱõǺڵĺˣҩ֮к֮֮԰ʥ˵õҩ
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686 ûǿһʥѡ
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زһΪǲ磿𣬾ͱһƬ㲻ûҪһ
ҶǰǶǱġ֪ǿԭڽһжǿ߱ԲģǶΪû˱ԴΨһñԴԴȴЩţ޲޻һѳ
Ҷ˵ĽˣȻʵҲ˶ѡ˵ףվЩ
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ߵΧнһλˣЩˣȫǻ߾

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ңΧɱҶҲʥ´ҲǲʧܵġʧܣһΣԻܷ
ҶûйڤüͷţͻȻ۾һ뵽һܣ

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693 ص׵ҽ
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У벻˼֮ɫǣѾ̣
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˲Ϣ֮䣬ڤ˾ͷӦоԼͬȻʱڤ־ŭ˶ʱ֣Ҷ˹ȥ
Ҷһ͵ϮɹʩչĳԶȥǻˣӡѾĺ󱳣ȼ֮ħܶܵԼ󡣵ʥһôľ룬ħܶҲס
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֮Եڶû׷ҶٶûҶ죬Ҷϸûɢ˿ϢҲ˵ڤ˸޷ʶҶҶҽ֮еҴΪˣԴӽҽ֮󣬵ڶû׷Ҷ
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ҽУʵ޷鵽һˣֻһͣԷʵԶôΪģ
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ЩԽԽˣΪһĻʯǱصҽԽԽˡ֮ǰ̫ʴˡӽԺ󣬷͵ʯģϣֱɱˣ
͸ˣԵͬ

ʱҶоԼͷǣͬǦһ㣬ޱȡϣϣѾʼƤѪܵģȥһѪˣֲ
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ŮԭؿҶĬΣԥãȻˣˡ˵ţһУڤʱһСϣڤһʼڷǲ֪Ůʲôܿ죬ڤ
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˵ţͻȻĿҶеĹϣʣŮһĨ죬һУϡһ۹ʣŮеĲ첻ⶫ񲻴ֻΪʲôûأˣ˵ţҶЩأԺҵˣ͵ļױˣ㲻ԣǾô˵ˣ
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Ů¶˸Цݣˣ㲻ԣҾ͵ӦˡţԺСķˣ˵ţŮҶȻһʧԭء

֪˶ãҶ΢ָЩԼһЩ
Сҵˣô߾ѰҿӣģһǸ岻еġСɵý㣬Ȼ±Ҹɾûˣ
ǾǣСȻǻ˵㣬ҲίԼ㿴ôСʵôͣ˵ҸˣܲóϱӶһ⡭
СʵȻ㣬ʮҲǽĶ֡˵ǰЩˣ㿴ڵˣͣģУڵɾǻ߾ˡʥȥ˵ܽʥǰʮأ
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ҪˣԺúôţҲģŮͻȻ
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ԴѺͷڤûˣɽûˣҲûˡɽҲˣöǷںڵġҪǹʰⶫǲܶİڤôˣȻڶûôˣǱؽĻ͵İ
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Ůӵ˵ͷǻŮ٣Ϊ˲ǻˣǻͨ顣׸ǻ壬ˣǻŮӻᾭȥץ׸ұ׼ȥģˣԣˣ
Ҷ˰ΣȻЦЦλĺˣǣ֮Ѿˡԡ
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ڤʣڤ͸ԷҲǲԣֻǹʣǿ϶ҪûġȻڶ˵˲Ҫġ
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ڼ䣬ŮΣǸ͸˵ĶԷ̸֮У˽ࡣ
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ҶˣǹһᣬͻȻ˫ۣ˫һ̣һŮ߽˷䡣
˵СЩɬƻŮ͸˵ˮҡŮӽϸǷΪŮӴЩ¶ֻһ̶̵ƤأƤֻסǰҪ㣬Ĳλȫ¶ڿ֮С
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ŮӽźĿ˲ҶϣȻһЦ漴Ҷ߶ǰһ˶ʱζ·һ̾ҪǱƤء
Ůӻ䣬ԣȻɣ͸˵ķģκΪ֮񡣲Ҷڿ֮ջĿ⣬ֻͨҪԸ⣬κջ
ҶûбԼԻ󵽣ŮһĨ죬Ǻܿ죬Ũˡ
ŮߵҶǰȻ֮ǰСλã֪⻹⣬˫΢΢ſҶȥĻܹһŮȼ羰

ŮͻȻһЦǰЩСģʵЩѿû뵽ƺúģȻҲֻǲ֪ǷΡѽˡ
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Ҷɫ΢䣬ʱʵԭɣûгãһ߾ǿߵĶ֣
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Ů˵ţһֻӡҶţ˳£Ҷȼ䡭
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ŮŪҶĳԽͦŮɫ΢΢һУ̽һ̯ˮ
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ŮԽԽˣϢԽԽŨˣ

ʱͻȻһŭȣţһ޴ɫӻƿ˲ҶǰŮ
Ůɫ΢䣬˲תΪ䣬ͬʱͣתһ̽һۺɫ˿ǴӺһ
䣡
һ죬˿촸ͬʱɶء
ܿ죬С˷С
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С˫ֽһɱӿŮɫ䱸ҲתЩ
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ɣСŷɣҪ˵һ仰ӽԴӰǰǶϴŻǲţ
ʱСȫɢŻɫĻ棬ǶԼת
СڱߵıԵǶ˶ȴûи˵ʲôˣ俴һСȻֿһҶתȥ
ȥΣСԼƽڴϵҶһᣬˣ֪
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Сϲֵһ˲Ȼ󡭡˵⣬һֵĶȻжǵӣ
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ҶˣµһɱģԷΪʲô࣬Ҳֻ֪֪Ů˸ղŲΪ̫ˣ
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ҶĬˡ
СеĴӣǻ߾ƷҲǻ߾Ʒ򲻹ңҲΪǰҺܺáҪ򲻹Ҫ𣬾ȥġԣεô˺òãҲûԿֲƽϣ
ҶǳױСĹ˼άˣ
㲻˵Ҿ͵ͬˣС
ҶĬһᣬȻҪڶԸأ
СԼظƵ£Ժᱣ㣡
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Сֵվ̫ˣֲܾ߱㡣ԣ˺úҾָ㣬ȻүҪ鼸ǧĻΪߡΪߺ󣬷Ҫɱ㣬ûôˣ
ԣҶһСȻСΣݶ飬ҼˡǷɣ˵ɱǾͲɱɣ
СͻȻߵҶǰȻ򣬵ʲô鲻ģԺˣҲԼ˺ãѵҪԱ˺𣿻ҪĻ˵Ǽ⣬ҲϲҼ⣬ԣԺڸ˵ֻˣȻҿҪˣ
ҶЦЦĵҪ֪ʵݣҪˡ֪Ȼ֮ûʲôԹǻĵˣҲʥõǿ߿ǽˡʱʥõǿ߸뻹ǻʥõģ
һ⣡Ϊ˺ǰŮӵ飡
ʱСͻȻʼҶ·
Ҷһ㶣Ȼ㵵ʲôھҪǰɣ
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죡
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ǿѹסеŭǧЦСŰɣүү䣬ҿ㻹Ŷã
䣡
Сеĺ촸ֶһǧġ
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ʱһڳһһ죬ȻСǵ촸ʱɻСС
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ҶǧԵӣһĨ죬Ƿ⣬ǰӵĽĿǰߵˡ
СĿҲϣʮؽ⣡֮͸һ˿ء
ǧЦСû뵽ɣҸ㣬ҰɿǽţĽţԶʮ;ʹﵽ߾ҽʮءʥ֮УǱҶնɱǷ֮⣬ҰɿǿĽţ
ӵһЦȻԭ׼սǷģǿϧȻǱһСǳ裬ʥǿߣȻһߴ½ĽСûϵʥؽ޵ĳ裬һϴˢ
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СĬΣȻүүƢãƢҲãǰб䣬ǵүүүүᣬ򾭳ᣬԣܶ˶үүԹǵģֲܹңҪֻܹǵүү̫ˣ˵ǰɣ
ҶЦЦʵ˵ҲܶԣûйάȷȷʵʵΪԷ˵ĺֻǾЩֵֹġ
С¶˸ЦݣҿԽԽ˳ˣ߰ɣǽȥ
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СסֱۼǰߣȻҶǸħͷʥ˭֪ʥʥϺüλֶУ벻ѡߣҪ˵ʥЩ̫ŧˣҪǻңҶһĳһˣ
Ҷһ飬ΪʲôҪ
Ϊĳˣ͵ڼӴʥЩ˵С㿴ʥɱˣɱˣǾǵ˵ʥòһ壿ţҶӦҲǸ򵥵ļһԺŬˣΪ߾֣ʮҶҲǵĶ֣
ҵóϣ֣ʮҶҲǵĶ֣Ҷͬ
С˵ͷȻһҶ̫ˣӺ񻹲ˣҾͰͷǿǧĻʯ͵ʱӦܹͻƵ߾ˣ
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ΪʲôҪѡңҶǳɻһ飬ǰŮȻЩǾһӣԷһץҪɻ飬ʵ̫ˣŶԷץ飬ΪպԲ
Сͣ˽ŲĬΣԥãȻҲǵһ֮ǳˣһġͱˣȻңҲ֪ƢôãҪǰʼˣҿܻʶ͸һӡ
ҶˣˣѾŮû˵ˡˣʶġŮ̫ǿˣ
ܿ죬ߵһǰ
СߵǰȻͷӣ˵ҪǲҸ˳ףҲңڣһˣһҲͲأ쿪ţ
ʱ˿̣ҶЩСΪʲôҪˣԭ϶֮еǸͷйϵ


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ࣿüͷһ塣
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ĿٴҶϣҶٴһݣöԷʵʹˡϾ׶ؽ⣬ǼΪټġߺܿջĿ⣬Ҳ˵Էûпʵһ
ߵǰһȻѾǾôɡͷһʱðˣȻĿ˵ţһ̽һץһ˾ͳϣȥ֪ͨˣ˵ͯٵŮҪȢˣ
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һأҪ֪˭ҪǸҹеŮӣǿǴ
ˣеܻ԰еˡеģԺĸϻҲùˡ
˵ˣ߰ɣȥˣɾҪĸϻˣ

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СүүҲͯٵĹʱĹһć֣ĴŻĴӣϲ졣
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ʱҶû˿ķСүүСʱܹġңʱߣҲӲġʱ˸ûкȫûڤ״̬ҽѰ·ģ
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һҶһֱɻǾǹʶģԸĻȫԶصߣǽûôǲ⣡
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СҶվڴ룬ǰһ̫ʦϵͯ١
СʱѾһ׺޵ķϼϼûڸӢˬʡԵҶһĴۣ۵ĳУҶƽʱӢ˼֡ȻҪĻҶʡ
Ҷ˵˧ҲԲֱվСԣһȥâȻûаˡâ¶ȴһ˵ĶʣýŮĿⲻʱϡ
֮УԽԽ࣬ܿ죬ҶϤסһǵҪΪ̫ķɣʱķɻһ¶Ըеĳ̶˿ףóĿƵƵϡ
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ҶãȻðɣĽҲ˵ʲôУɱ˵ģΪɱ˵ĽͲǽˣ
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ߣԶ㣬̫ʵ˹ġ
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702 Լ£
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703 ҹ㣡
ΪһλᣬҶּŭˣ׳û֡Ϊܷ棬Ȼͷųʮؽ⣬ǲûýѹҶ

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ԭ֮ǰǰװһεģǶǰˣʵЩˬˣûװչֳֻһЩѡ
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ǧ΢΢һ飬ǧʯʵҪȡҲҪʮ갡ôóȥȻģҪˣʱǴ˵ˣǧףôҲһĶϣ㶫ҲҪˣЦһ壿óɣ
ǧɫһû˵
ôҵĶҲҪ̣ʱͻȻ
ǧ׳ΣȻЦ˵ЦˣԸķ䣬ȥ˵ţһӣʯ˴ϡȻֿҶãܺãû뵽ϷȴЩۻ軨ˣǺõĺܰ
֮еɱ⣬˿κΡ
ҶȴûйϣҲԥһӣʯɵҶСҶеĻʯһȣеи¶˺⡣
дǻ߾Ҷ߾ѣͬһСޱһשһ㣬˭ۺ죬˭Խ
ҶΧˣʯתߵСǰȻһݵСǰ΢΢һ㶣ҵģ
Ҷ˵ͷ
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ӵԣһŮӡʱǻŮƺұȥӲΪǻŮֱš
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705 ѿӣô
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ҶΧЩǧɫأЩҲˡǶһ㣬ǾʵԽǿ츳Խ˳߾ҪԽࡣǰһĻڸǣǸ˵ʵ츳Զǡ
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ʥūֶųһץһ޴צֱ˺ѿռ䣬˳ͷȻݺץȥצٶȼ죬ʱĳ޷ֻӲ

һŭȣһɻڱӿӭ籩ǣһɴСľײ˰ʥūֻצͬʱμȥ类ѹ֮ǰʥܵĶ֣Ա߻иܹвҶ
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֮ӿһĨ˫һѣ˫˲ͨͬպһ㡣

һŭȣ˫۶ȻʮɴСĻ˫ֶҲһ·˺ѿռ䣬ȻǾ޴ȭӡڿײһ
䣡
һ죬ײռ˲̮ˣţһϢɷΧڵĿռ䶼̮ܿ죬ЩĿռͱ֮޸ͷ·ûгֹ
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˵⣬׷˫ۣ֪ʥõΪŴڴʧˡ˵ʵΣֲĻ츳ڲʮ갡ȴ˿ֲʵĳ̶ֳ˵ڤʮҲ
ڲɱ׳ɳһʦʱһ֣֮ǧ׵Ҫǿ߳ȥߴ½ȥץԸ
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ǧ˫ֽգؽڸ֨죬Ƭɽɽ֮ɫΣתȥ


719 Ǿûᣡ
Ҵ͹ʥǿߵʵˣ
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֪ԶԶ͹ʥǿʵˣ
ʥǿƬ۷ĴڣȻʥ֮ҲǿǣʹİʥǿߣҲô׻ɱġûʹȼ⣬ֻһʥǿ߿һᣬʱһãذܡʹʹȼ⣬ﵽ߾Ʒ潻֣ҲɱһλİʥʱһãܵĶ㣡
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һ壬ѾʧܶˣͻȻԭʼҾͲˡҪɱҶ߾ʱܹʥѣڣѾǻ߾ʯһλǿǾܹɱ𣿡
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ʱһͻȻӽ֮УλϡҶˡ
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һĹ㳡ϣҶֳֹʣϻǰ绹ǧģŮǰʮλ߾ǧ߾ǿߡ
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Ҷɱ㣡ͯټҶŭ֣ȴǱֻסˡ
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ǲأֻ
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Ҷ˵ͷһӣʥūڳУǾΪСᣡ


720 ʥ䣬峤֣
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ͯ俴һǧֻֻǧƥҲСұ
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ΪͯͻȻǧףǴֻ类ѹƵԵʡˣս˲ֳһ浹ľơ
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ǧͫһƽʱϲͯ٣ڣֻǻ߾οͯ٣²սһҪӡ
ҶһĨҪ׷Ǻܿ죬߾ǰ

ҶһŭȣٱȺ֮УȻ󽣹ݺᣬҽ𣬲Ϣ߾ֻʣȼˡ
·ˣҶԶȥǧױͯٸʱһٴγ֡

ʱһͻȻһҽҶתͷȥֻֻԿ׹䡣
ʥ䣡
˴סˡ
۵ֻڳеʵ˵ǿģκʱ类ѹƣΪ˻߾ֱʥūΧ˳֮£ȻǶ֡
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721 ɱȥ
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ǧ׶ʱһΪǱסˡ
ĻҲˣΪǲõڱɱˡ
Ҷ뽣ɫأֻһۣҶͺǰ˲ʱܸԸģǼʥūʯ
췢ֺ߳󣬲ûйܳУ̧ͷʣΣ΢΢üˣβǴҪ㳲˰
ʱߵ˺췢ǰһ񣬵峤үү籾ôүүչأ޷һֻ֣֮ܵܽүүүү֣Ϊһȥ˱ܸĿ˵ţʼ˵ҶֱУȻͼӴס
Σ췢߿ҶҶһݣΪ췢ߵĿ·д͸Ҫ⿴һ㣡Ҷæʩչ⣬ýһԼǰǡֱĸоȻڣ
Ҷһǰ߱еĻҪǿ
ѵõţ췢ߵұɱ㣬Ҹţڻ壬Ҳɱ㣡
ǧɫһ䣬峤ɱһôˣ೤೤Ƴɰʥǡ
ǧ׵Ļû˵ȥˣΪ췢ߴĻǧף˽ģ⣬Ϊÿ˶˽ġǣҺܲϲһΪԼ˽Ķ˺һ飬㣬ǡǡˡҲָԸҶָ˻ɱͯٵŮ
ǧɫһ䣬Ҫ˵ʲô췢ȴǰ˰֣Ѿ˵ʲôˡ˵ţһɫͯ٣Сͯҿųģ֪ƢҲûȰ³ޣֻǴʱ߳ڼʱ̣һʥһˡ
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һһ˽Ȼֱӳ֮⣬Ǹճֵһֻ̣־ƹ֮һ㣬һγǵͷһΣǵľֻвɣ

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ܿ죬췢ҽ硣
üͷȴΪҽҶֱʧˣһϢû
ܿ죬ǧ׵˳ԡ
ǿʩչϢ췢߳ʩչˣǿû˵ѣߴ½żΪֲĴڣ֮к͸һ˿ء
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ˣ췢ߵ߰ɣҲڽһ塣
ŹǧЩġ
ѵҪҽʱ˷׷һ߾ϣ췢ߵɨһǧףȻغҽ磬׼κ˽ҽ磡˵ţתʧǧ׵ǰ
ǧȻģҲû취Ϊһ˲ȥ׷
ں췢ߵߺ󣬲ԶһҽͻȻ䶯ȻҶ뽣˳ֻʱҶЩأΪȫѪѪˡ
ߣ
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ŸɲǾͰҶߣɱȥ
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ܿ죬뵽ʲôĿһĻ飬Ǻƣ
ԭ˵Ҷǿп޵ģڼҶڶγʱǹվˡΪڶεĳ֣ҶûҲ˵ҶĿɱһ߾ǿߣ
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ҪϻٶȽʱеԨͻȻȻУ⣬ɲᣬֱǰеΣգرõ֮Ҳ֪Ϊʲôָоǲ
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Ҷͣ˽ŲȻҡҡͷˣүүˣһǾͲ˰ɣһˣүү׷ͺڷˣ
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һΣҶû˿ԥһǰгǰ

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ӣҵҪΪУԨɱⱩӿ
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Ҷͣеף֪ö˵ĻҸһλᣬ㲻Ը⳼ңҾֱӰӵ¯ȥ㳹̷ɻ𣡡
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ҶһǺܿ죬Ҷд󺧣ΪͻȻоԼ·𱻼˿ʹһȫһ˲侹ȻҪ˺ѳƬĸо
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ȻڤŮʱʵȻҲ޷һ֮Կʥġ
ԣҶһ⻹ʣ˼λ֣

Ҷ
߰ɣѾˣڤŮ˵仰һһ׹ɢԭء
ȥǲȥ
Ҷûԥþ;ˣȻҪȥǰڤŮԴֲǻˣȻȥ飬ԷȻȥֻ֣һаյġ
ߣһɹˣǿɾʮĻֵ㰡
µſںҶڤŮе֣һһŮе°ɫۣӢϹŵЦݣ͸һ˺ʵϢ̲סҪӽŮһϮɫȹò˵Ǻֻ˵
˿ЩƽҶ˲򵥣
ܹڤŮˣܼ
ڤŮָָǰɫŮӣڤ
˶Ҷ΢΢ͷҶҲ˵ͷ
ֱӳˡڤŮûнڤҲû˽ҶҶˣǶûȥ⡣

ҡ
ϣˣ
һվԨǰ
ԣԭԨȻ˫ۣʱǺֵǸڤŮ»һһŮһȥġ
ڤŮ
ԨƤһԥ£˻ȥڤŮǽͬΪҵĺμɱԪ˰ȻǺμҪǿһЩҲԾڤŮڵġڤŮݼأʥöЩɵ͸ССһˡ
ôĳ뱨ױûȥɣʱԼԽԨ˵꣬Ѿʧڷ֮С

ڷаʱҶЩͷˡ
ڤŮٶ̫죬쵽ʲô̶ȣ쵽һҶĵطٶȣãȫ֮£ҲǿڤŮҶʵڤŮӦѾٶˣȻáߡ¶׷ϡ
ҶҲڤĲˣΪ˵ٶȻûڤŮ죬ȴڤŮ󣬶ҿģҲûгȫ
ǴʱҶ󡭡
һһҹķкһųǡ
ڤŮָָųǣ˳߻ӣ̾СǿΪûκ򡭡˵⣬תҶǳ飬е鷳ԣ֮㲻Ҫߣң𣿡
ҶߣҺǻ𣿡
ҵı㣡ڤŮ
Ҷ
ڤŮĻڤĿһҶڤŮ֮ȻĳҲǲĵطΪڤŮ˼ǣǰһΣաǣǰһǵĸоȴЩƽ
ڤŮûֱӴǷǣǴҶ˴ӳſߡſڲû˰أǵ˸սǵһ̣һӵ˵ǰ
ǮǮǮǷֵ֣̰Цš
ڤŮָһһöƷʯɵӵǰöƷʯ۾һ˿ˮ۽ɨһڤŮˣΪ׵ŮӲ߾ߵĲ߾ƷǣæȻֳڤŮ֣ǮǮǮ
Ǿɣ
ڤŮ˵仰ҶǰӵԴֱӹķ˳ȥ
Ҷҡҡͷ˰̰ϣ޴ϡڤŮ磬һ֪һƲ簡ӵãҪ˻Ҫⲻˣ
˭ĸӵɱˣ˲ǣһŭڳ쳹𣬽ţһһֻЫӴһȺ˳Ҷ˵ǰ
ŵӵʬ壬ӲȻŭдֱָڤŮСˣ֪ұү̵ĹŲӽ㣿
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һΣҶҡͷڤҲҡͷǰһһҲǻˡ
Բѷ
ڤŮ£ڤŮ΢΢̧𣬾ʱһеڳ𣺡£飡
ڤŮȴûֻͣһӣһ׹ڳһȻǺųƱүӵԴͷ˳ȥ
ڤŮٶȺܿ죬쵽ֻҶܹ壬ˣǱүԴɳȥʱԵЩȫˡ
ʱһǱүЩƵӳ˳Сүʬʱ˫ֶʱϸǳһĨڤŮȴǹܶûֱӴҶ˳ȥ
¾ôˣӳ
ڤŮͣ½Ų㵱Ҫ𣿡
Ӿһ飬Σһ㣡
ڤŮȥɫĿ£ȴڲ˵ڤŮĻ
һʱ䣬ҶüͷΪʵ̫ˣÿ߲һᣬͻ˲ڽͷڼҲ˴˵⣬ȴû˸ҳֻһĿǡ
ЩڵѪӵ˵һΣΣգűֱܵ
˴ǣʱǰͻȻʡ
ҶڤҲڤŮڤŮΪʲôطҲܺ档
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ʦ
Ҷһݣû뵽ʥؾȻд˵еʦҲǷʦ֪ʦζʲôǿܹĿֲڰ
ҶһԵڤҲˣ£ʥʦ
ڤŮҡҡͷԭûеģ֮ƬΨһʦ̫ϲ˽Ӵڴ˵صҾͿɡ˵ֿ꣬һҶ۸ӣʥǿ߸˵꣬ڤŮһʧԭء
Ҷ
ȥĵط䣡仰һʧԶ
ڤ򻰶û˵ʧԭء
Ҷʼ磬ɨΧԶһֱЩ֣ΪһЩڰڵ̯
ļϺ棬Ҷ˹ȥ
ת£ҶͻȻһǰ̯λͣߵֻ̯һɫĽϻϻĶ˷·ʲôȥһ㣬¶һ
Ҷϸ˿׼ȥʱһ֮Ҷͣߣֻ迴Ҫ
ʥ
Ҷû뵽ǰ߾Ȼǰʥǿߡ
ڤŮûƭңطԻ
Ҷ˵ͷջ֣ô
ʥûʮ㣬߼Ʒʯʮ飡ߵ
Ҷ£Ȼ˲˵ⶫҲˣǲȱģֵۡǧ鳬ƷʯԸ⣬ҾҪˡ
гƷʯ߾㵵ƽһ鳬ƷʯһټƷʯмУһЩԸóƷʯȥƷʯģԣƷʯļ۸ԶֹǸ
Ҷ˵ͷϲۣԸͳɽ
ԥһᣬҪͷʱʱһͻȻһҳǧһٿ鳬Ʒʯ
ҶȥֻһӻӣҶüͷΪӾǰڳſǰڤŮͻӡ
ҶջĿ⣬ǧ壡
ߴϲҪͷȴֵǧ˵ţƳһҶ
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ǧҶӣ϶ͨɫؿڸǾţһҸƴ׵ӡ
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ǧ˵꣬ƵĿһҶ
ΪҶҪǧʱҶȴʼ磬Ӯˣϲ˵꣬Ҷתߡ
˲ɫ
վס
ͻȻŭ
Ҷͣ½ŲתӣڤŮ۸ˣ㲻ȥ鷳ңǲǾ˳ʵ۸


746 ۸㣬Ҫô
ˣң
Ҷеɱ˿Ρ
ҶЦһԼඣ

˾Ҫ֣ʱһԵȴס֮飬ϷκϣȻм۰ǧǸ˰ɣ
ⶫҲҪˣ俴һߣЦֵֻǧƷʯĶҪԼǧ򣿵Լԩͷ
ǲǾϷҲ۸ɫ
¶м֮ɫϼһΪǰʥ˲޼˵ˣҶ𣿡
޼ˣ
֣ԱΧ۵˶ʱһ˸ֱתˡ
ǣĴǿǳķֱ޼ˣ̿ˣᡣĴϷǣֱռ˶ϱĸ򡣵Ȼֻϵǻص඼Ƚϵ͵
ɢ޻ûб˵ĴǲõģΪ˼˶࣬Ϊ˼ʵҲǿ
һʥĴκһǰȫġ
Ȼ˱֮ߵɫЩѿΣͻȻҶȻҪǾģۣǧƷʯ
ǶʱֳһĨЦݣȻֻĿҶ
ԭ׼ϷҶ㶣û뵽߾Ȼһǰר󰡡
ǲҲҺ۸Ҷߵ
ƳһҶҪȻģǰԼҪмǧģû㡣УˣϷû㣬ҪǲҪǾϷˣϷϷˣϷҪ۵ģ
Ҷ˵ͷҪˣǲǣ
ͻȻһסҶȻˣһλᣬȻԸ
Ҷˣ˼Ҫ۸ԣûڷϻˣ˲ϣȻ͵һȭ
ɫһ䣬û뵽ǰֻǻ߾ļһﾹȻҶ֣û뵽ԷȭٶȾȻôĿ죬ֻܳȭӭȥ
ȭͷҶҪӴһ̣ɫ˲䣬ҪȭѾˡ
飡
˾㵵Ŀ֮Уֱ׷˳ȥ˻Լһ΢ġǲ
һ߾һȭһʥǿߣ
˴ľ˼ĿųеҶ˴ʱҲ±ˣҲû뵽ǰֻǻ߾ƷļһﾹȻһȭһʥ
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ڼҶʱûˡΪʲôΪҶֻл߾ʵڤŮԡڣ֪ԼˡܹڤŮһˣôߣֻǣһȭͺɰʥδҲ̫Щ
ҶһУϵǲȱĽϻɵУеĽϻҶҡҡͷҪǮģȴҪҪңֻ˵һˣ
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Ҷ俴һߣô㻹ҪҶ
ĿһҶû˵תߣһΣˡȻ֮ǰһɣҲЩˣΪԼɵģ֣¶Է
ûУΪСϵġ
ҶҲûȥ׷ߣȻ׼ϳ䲻˶ԷɲΪԼܹɱһʥȥ׷Էȫ˷ʱ䡣պ뽣ϻҶתߡҲûȥԱ˵鷳Ϊ룬һˡ
סˣǰһﲻԼ鷳ôˣ
ʱԶһȺ˹
޼˰£˵ȹһȥʮϢ֮ڣӼףͱҰԵ飡Ϊ׵һ󵶵ŭţΧЩԭϷ˶ʱʧӰ١
°Ե
ӣ΢΢һæ˹ȥԵôˣ
Ųtֵ˵ܱܵɱˣҲݣ˭边Ȼ޼˵ĵ̶޼˵ˣⲻӸһֵܱˣ°ԵɨһΧ˭ɱģҪһһ
ŲtҡҡͷˣڤŮĿֲκ˶˵ܱܵɱĵܱܵɱҲֻˡ
ộ°Եŭ޼ɱ޼˵ˣǲӣڴ޼˵ȥ޼Ҫ˳Цģԣⲻһ˵£޼˵£
Ųtҡҡͷ˵ʲôʱ°ԵԵһͻȻָԶҶ»ɱŲtܵܵǸˣҵʱۿģҲǣ
°ԵҶŭסһ˲ҶǰȻҶΧ
״ŲtæԵҵģ¾ôˡȻ֪ǰ˭ܹһȭһʥˣһ˵ˣԷڤŮһİʱЩˣڵʱûסܹҵ鷳
ƨ°ԵŭŲtŲtĻû֣˼Ұܵܶɱˣ㾹Ȼôάܵû֮ܰϢ𣿡
ԣŲtĬˣ뵽֮ǰܵܵĲһĨС
°Եֵе㲻¸ʲô飬Ҹ㵣ţҵˣǻ޼ǧǧֵܡ
˵ţ°ԵֱߵҶǰȻСӣ˭ɱ޼˵ˣҪ۵ģ죬Ӿͽʬǧ飬֪޼ˣʲô˶ܹ۸ģ
Ҷ̯̯֣ܵܲɱģңҴˣԱһܵǲɱģ
°ԵתͷŲtʱԱֵ쮲ɱģһŮɱģŮһģ
°ԵҶҶ˵ͷʵ˵ҲûʱȷʵһġԩͷծɱܵܵӦȥǣ˵ǲǣ
ˣΪҵܱܵˣʱŲtͻȻڤŮǲеģȻǾֻǰˡΪԷͷڴҲԲܱڤŮ
ԣҶʱˣǲΪҺ۸ʹ۸
ʱԵͻȻһֱָҶŭӾ۸㣬Ҫô


747 ûֵСŮ
°Ե˵꣬˫۶ʱԲ鶼͹Ϊһֻ־סĲӡ
˶˼ĿǰһĻ
Ҷס°ԵĲӣǷһĨЦݣôô۸ң
°Եг֮⣬ž֮ɫǻ߾Ʒǣǰ˳ʱȴû壡
죬ǰǰʥ
ɱ޼˵ˣɣŲtŭ
ǲ
һĹͷڳȻ󣬳°ԵԴһᣬ׶
Ҷջ֣һŲtҲֻ֪֪Ļ㲻ϧǾɣ
䣬Ҷһ˲Ųtǰ͵һȭŲtɫ䣬˫æӭȥ
䣡
Ųtֱӵ˳ȥײ嶰ݺͣ
ˣ
һɱ
޼˵ߴ󺧣ҲľתߡЦ߾ǿ˭Ҷ֣
֣Ҷתص֮ǰԭλȻóǲȱĽϻϻɫڽϻ鲼ƣڽϻĶˣȱһǣ⽣ϻʵЩѿ
ϻĹЧһн󣬻Ҷ֮Կ⽣ϻҪΪֱϸ½ϻ֮󣬷⽣ϻȴЩ˵ģ⽣ϻĲʵļӲҪͨĲҪúܶࡣ
֮⣬⽣ϻķˡȻƣҲֻԶһˣķƵĹЧãֱⶫô򵥣ǧ鳬Ʒʯ˵̫أ֮ǰҪ
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磬ҵǮòã
Ҷϸ鿴ϻʱһࡢЩҶͫ΢΢һһëȻ
ΣգΣգ
ⲻҶֱԺľ棡
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Ҷ·֮£˲両֡
ҶתֻһСŮĿСŮԼʮ꣬·ãͷ⣬ϸմȾҪСŮûֻ֣յġ
СŮľ磬ȫȫһͨСŮҶԶԶô򵥡Ȳ˵ľ棬СŮʲôʱȻһûСˣڣʶȻоСŮĴڡ
Ҷ𺳵ģΪǰʥҲϢ󣬸ú档
磬ҵǮòãСŮҶģһӡ
Ҷԥ£óһöƷʯ˵ϡ
СŮһǳƷʯȻˣԲ
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ҡͷ
ҶһֱóһǧöƷʯȻСã׬ǮҲ׵ģȻ϶Ҳǲ׵ģȻǴҶףǾͱ໥ΪѶԷˣ˵òã
ʱҶڵѪģһαթģǾˡԾǾζţǰСŮԾǷǳֲġҪ֪½Գʱû
СŮȻܹǻƨҲ֪СŮһ򵥵Ļɫ
Ǯ֣
Ҷ˵ܹǮ飬Ǿ;ˡȻǰǴ򲻹Է
СŮգգۣ磬ǧòã
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ҶߣҪҡͷˡȴûҡͷΪһΣָ˾棬Ҳ˾档Ҷ֪Щˡ
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ҶóһɫСɽ䴩Ȼ԰ڲ֡
СŮգգۣ磬ûأҴòã
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ҶЩԥġ
ǰСŮǸΣǾӹɵģˣһֱСŮľ룬ͻȻ顣ڣҪǰСŮɽ䣬ǾζҪӽСŮôľ롭
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ҶЦҡҡͷԼԽԽȥˡԼۣǰʥȫһɱԼǰСŮ֣ɱԼ𣿳ʥ߾ʥ߾ֻ˵ˣ
ҶԥߵСŮǰȻеĺСŮԴȥ
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Ҷ΢΢һ٣ǧöƷʯһ˵ĳƺšҡҡͷҶСŮĲϡ
ʱСŮֵ㻹ܴأ㲻Ǯô࣬ԳԺöءˣңأҲСģ𶼳Բ
СŮĻҶЩЦʵǲ㣬㣬ô죿
ҾͰǶ˰̧ͷҶ
ҶһðΣ˹㣬ˣ
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ҶëϸǸֳ亹ˣǰʥ˲ֻһλ
Ҷ֪Լˡ
ҶͷСŮƤЦⲻЦһ£Ǹ㲻ҵģ԰ɣ
ԭҪԵأСŮ
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СŮֵǣ˲һңңôණԣҲˡ磬Ҫˣټ˵ţСŮתԶȥ
ʱԶһӴһȺ˴Զ
Ⱥʵǿٶȼ죬ȻߣٶȴǱȱҪ졣ܿ죬ȺҪײСŮҶɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ǽһĻȴҶԭأʯ
СŮţȺҲûͣԽԽˡܿ죬һȺײСŮǣˡ
ΪСŮš
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ҶָָԶСŮȻ㣬㿴ǸСŮ𣿡
СŮ˳Ҷȥһˡ
ɫһתͷҶϷˣ𣿡
ǰʥĿҶʣ΢
ɫСӣ˿ʲôûУԴ𣿡
ҶԶǻߵСŮĨĨϵ亹૵ˡ


748 ֮ǣ
СŮǰЩȴǿ
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ΪʲôԼܹüǰΪʥȴǿ
Ҷɻˡ
޼˵ɱİɣʱֵ
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ڤŮüͷһ壬ͻȻ뵽ʲôж·֮ɫ㣬ڤŮ
Ҳɱ޼˵ˣҪҪҲɱңڤŮ
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ڤŮȴǹܶûǿҶ߰ɣ˵ţڤŮתȥ
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ڤŮ˵ͷţ
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ǲܣǹܲˣڤŮ
ҶƤһʥöܲˣʥʥؾʹʥȻ˵ףЩʥùϽģȻʥ֮ڵ೤ʵȨҲЩҵӰӡ
ʥõĴԶ֮ϣӹɵģΪʥʥرʥʥعϵĵһǿߡˣʥκӡ
ʥʥأǿڤŮȴ˵ʥùܲǣҶɻ档
ڤŮĬΣȻһ֣С֮ǡ˵⣬ͣתҶ֮ǰȥǻ޼˲ǵ˵⣬ڤŮȴǲ˵ˡ
״ҶЦι˵ֻ˵һ룬θںܲõģ
ˣߴ½ˣǣ죡ڤŮ
죡
Ҷɫһ䣬ôܣ˿磿
ڤŮȻԣǰ˲ʥߡ
ΪʲôҪҶʡ
ǲԼҪģˣǱŵģ߱ݺġ֮ʲôԭǵĽֶעǱҵġڤŮƬعѺߣˣҪƬسߡǣģǣܶģ
ǸԸ᣿ҶȻҲɻΪرȻ߻ѵʥص˾Ͳ
һ·ڤŮֻҪر֮ǰô˾ܹ
ɱģҶ
ڤŮǰȷʵܣˣڹһʱ䣬ߵĲ֮ͻûˡʱֻҪɱǣô·ͻῪ˾ܹ뿪Ƭ硣
˵ʲôˣҶʡ
ʹﵽ߾ƷڤŮ
Ҳ˵ʹɱߣǻ߾Ʒµ˻ǻҶ
ڤŮΨһ·Ȼ˶Ҫ
ҶĬףʥصΪʲôɱˣΪ߲
ڣˣȻʥߣǴ˵ʵȴǷǳֲٶ˵ǷǳֲġȻʥҪҸصĴۣҪɱǣǿԵģûǸҪΪҶֻɱߣܹˣҵԼǻַ˫ڤŮ
Ҷ˵ͷڣЩ֮ǰˡ
֮ǰ˵Щʥأ߻ܣڤŮȻҶ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ҶҡҡͷȷʵЩǴȥõ߳ˣʥͻҡ
ڤŮֱҶΪϣվߣҲֻվߣҲл·˵꣬ڤŮתһʧҶǰ
ҶվԭسĬšãҡҡͷת߽Լķ֮С
ʱȴվһߡ
߲ǱˣҵԨ
ȺʱˣԨһӣ֧ɫ˷ܣʱһɫĹֳ˷ܡ
ҲɽףڣɽѣҲ֪ʹ淢־ڤŮʵʱҲ޷֣ԣɣԨЦ
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749 µСŮ
Ҷ˸ճʱԨ͸Ҷ󣬵ΪڤŮԵʣûмų֮֡ǰУҲûг֣Ϊ˶ӣһҶĻǱضᾪڤŮ
ΣֻܿȻᣬᲢûȶá
֪ʲô𣿡ѾʤȯգԨûмų֣ǿʼн죬ֻҪƷʯ㹻˵һʥмʥҲܹסԣգҲѷɣ
мʥ׼ֵҶʱͣüʵʥҲּ𣿡
ԨʱȻǼãֽ͵ԭûзֵģߴ½ûʥߣʥ߽ףʥ֮УҲǿˣԼױ𣬷ֱǳʥмʥ߼ʥ
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峤ǿмʥԨ
ǿмʥҶ΢΢ü˵峤ֻǰмʥĻĻ½ӦҲֻмʥ˵вͬĻǾĻ½мʥǿ
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ܹȷ淢飬治֪𣿡ҶȻ
ԨЦһҪڤŮȣġ죬ֻҪʯмʥܹסһᣬֻһССĻ߾
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ͻıʣõԨȫ±ˡ
ԼĪ˻߾ڻͻȻһʥǿߣʥǿߵϢ֮ϡ
ôôܣôܡԨʧ㿴ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôɫ˲䣬ʧ㣬ҶǸ˻Ҷ㡭
Ԩ˵ű߾Ҫȥ磬Ȼ׼ҶǸʲôڣǿɱʥλϣһ֮˻ĴڰȻԷֻǻ߾һ֮޷ɱԷԼΣգرǴʱԷаʥȴֻǻ߾
ԣѡ񳷡ֻҪӳȥҶͱɣ
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ǰʥūǿѹסõٶȱޱȳٻţһ쵽µĽǰһܿ죬쵽ĸһΪǰûгֹʲô⡣
ԭʵٶȣȻܹвǻɱģڣ䣬Ҷһʥǿ
ûл֮
Ԩˣһ
ҶߵԨǰһӣԨʬȻ޷ƽūܣΪڳ˯ʱѾƽūķ
ֶһʥū
ˣҸоԼҪˣʱֻͻȻ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ȷ
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Եʣ
ֻĻҶʱˡȻڵٵĿǣڵҲܹȵģĺȻ٣ǱϾеİֻֻҪһ㣬һ㣬ҲĻԵ
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Ҫ߶죬ҪʯĽҲֲͬĲΡֱΪ켶ؼ֮ǰĽͼˣĵʯԱȽ٣ֻҪһǧ鼫Ʒʯ
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Ȼؼ켶ѾˡҪõؼ磬ȾҪǧƷʯ߶ʯÿϢٿ顣켶Ǿ͸ֲˡʼ߶ҪöƷʯʯĲÿϢǧ飬ʮϢ飬Ϣʮ顭
ҶѾǲ򲻵ѵʱǾԲȥ켶磬ʵǲ𰡣
Ҷ鿴Ԩɽ䣬ջķᡣмһЩȻòϣǺܲġ֮⣬ɽﻹǧöƷʯҶ˵ǺҪģ
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뵽ǧƷʯȻʹãֻˡ
ǰߴ½ʱкüƷʯߴ½ԼĳƷʯһˡʥأŷ֣ȫΡ
ڣһҵĳƷʯ߿ǧʯЩ࣬΢еʲô飬ܾһȫȥˡԣ֮Ҫ׬ȡ֮⣬Ҫ취׬Ǯ
һϣҶƽūһʼЩ裬Ԩʬ㱻У˾ϣˣֶһʥū
ڶһ磬ڤŮҶķǰѵ֣Գˣ
ſڣҶڤŮУ߰ɣ
ûʲô°ɣڤŮʡ
ҶһڤŮȻҡҡͷûУһ˯
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ſڣҶֿڤ˳΢΢˵ͷȻջĿ⡣
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Ҷ˵ڤڤŮͶɻĿ⡣
ɻĿ⣬Ҷ˹ǣǱ˵Ҳ
ڤüͷĸˣɻҲԽŨ
Ҷǳ˳飬ڤŮأҲ
ڤŮ˳ҶĿ⿴ȥΣȷˣ
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750 ǣ治ģ
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߰ɣڤŮ˵䣬һʧԶڤǿһҶȥ
ڤŮȥͻȻ磬ղǸ˵أ
˵ѣҶ⣬ʲô˼
ǳǳһЦʵüء
Ҷɫ΢䣬ԭڤŮü𣬿ΪʲôҪװ
ʱֵһ𣬿ҪСء
ΪʲôҶʡ
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תҶü
ߵҶǰ֪𣿳Ըñ˿⣬ֻܹһǺˣǲˡոǸ㣬ںߣ֪𣿡
Ըҿ𣿡Ҷ⡣
ҡҡͷһʼȷʵΪˣԲԸø翴ġǸղţҲûԸø翴أǸȴܹң
ԣһ亹ҶͷҶ˹˵Ҳˣ
϶ˣΪζǸΪʲôܹأ֣

Ҷһ飬ԥ£ʵ㣬ж֪顣

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վԭأҶþûл
ʱеҡڤŮԭˡˣʲôѵǻ𣿻תǸʲô£ԼΪʲôܹҶ˼⣬ҲûҪĴ㡣
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ҶĬһᣬȻлҸ棬һעģ߰ɣ
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վڰߣǰڤҶüͷڤһ޼ʣ޷ˣһ̶ˮҪ⺣ˮȻɫġ
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ԣ˶ݡܰٷ֮ʮ˺ζʲôͬڤŮ˵ƬǿߣûܹһɱǡҶ˵ǿߣҲһܹһɱˡΪķѾˣ
ڤŮֵһΣǵ˵Ҳ򵥣˵ҲǳѡΪֻҪǾʯ׵ߴǾʯףǾˡǣӦҲ϶ûô˳
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ڤŮ΢΢ͷ
ԭʥʥһڤŮΪԱߵ͸ߴͻȻЦ˵ʥصĵһţԴ˺ǻɣҪдд裿
ڤŮ΢΢üʱͻȻΪ׵ģһţԹһʥλ壬Ҳɱʥұλ׻ģҲɱʥŮģû
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뵽֣ҶЩȲˣڤŮºֻҪҲֵܹʮ֣ʮ֣Ѿǰˡ
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ڤŮûͣ½Ų
һĻǵļֵԭ˾⸱ثô˵ˣǾȻǲǱųĹģ
һΣڤŮ˲Լͬͣ˽Ų
״ȴǸֳ˷֮ɫˣ˾ͺãǺú棡
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751 ˣ
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ЦЦгЩϲˣ˵ʥزľţǵһǿߡԴˣɣҺǲءϧǰʥҵսȴҡգײˣԣǾдд裬ҿʥصһǲʵ
ʣµģԼҪ֣ˣ񣡡
ڤŮ˵仰Ѿ˹ȥţһڲԶǿõòԶڤˮ
Ůҵģڤ˵䣬Ҳ˳ȥ
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飡
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ڤŮ΢飬˫ۿһҶȻȻдҲģֻҪʥδضܹɱߡ㡭
ҶƲƲ죬Լ˵ģҪ֣ɱˣģ
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ҶЦЦתˣô治𰡣Ҫ̨ˣȻ治ǰŸʲôŸʲô治Ҫ棬䲻㻹ģҪĻɫҲˡ
ŭһɿֲ˲ҶǣóǣǹҶȴһӰ춼ûС
ЦҶϿ澫Ѫģ棬ɲߴ½棬ʥ档ҪˡΪûκһܹҶӰġ
ˣϣﵽʥ߾ȻκһͷҶѪѹƣ
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ҶڤŮҪɱɱɡ
ɱɣ
ʱһͻȻڳɫ䣬ʱҶΪǸڤ
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752 ʥʮս
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Ҷ˳뺣֮ڤָֻƽ
֪˶ãҶ˫ۣ峡еʱɫȻ䡣ʱĽһɫԲȦɫԲȦɢһɫ߲ȫĸƵģȻҪǴʱоһƬţ޷
ԱߣڤŮҲڣһڤŮ˵ĽҲиֺɫԲȦ
ˣڤŮͻȻ
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£ǾˣڤŮ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻɨһܡʱǻںףֵΧЩˮ֪ʲôԭȫ޷վһƬˣԲǧڣһģûκκˮĿռ䡣
㿴
ڤŮȻҶ˳ڤŮĿ⿴ȥǲԶڷžʯףʯһӴֵ֮ϻָÿʯǰһֳִ󵶵ĺˡ
ﲻܹѹ˵ľΪЩۿܻǰʥףҶʡ
ǣѾˣڤŮ
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Ҷ׼˵ʲôʱһͻȻڳҶڤŮɫһ䣬Ŀ⿴ұߵʯףΪ档
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Ҷһ飬ڤŮڤŮüͷĸˣһ𣿡
ʥõһʥй죬ʱ£ʮսʥص˽ѹ֮ʮսʧˣҲǣʯڵ˵
ڤŮĬΣȻʮսʲô
ٺ٣СŮޣ㻹ǲңҲãҾ͸㡣˸֪ʮս֣Ϊ⣬ֻдţңǾźսԭĻʱʥӦûҵĺ˰ɣʯڵ
УڤŮ
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Ƶڼ䣬ʯڵҲû˵Ҷ֪ԷʱעʣµʥҲפܡ
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Уƽ̺ɵ֮ˣɴ߶ԵУƽжǿȫʵȻʹãʹΣ֮ƽͻΪĶɢ
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756 ˣ
һһص߶Ҷˣֱûݡ
µһ̣ҶͰȻæ׼ͬʱó˱ܵǰǺ֣ܿǱܾȻûгŵϢѳѷ죬Ҷһæ˱ܣɲܻ
û˱֮ҶȫӿǿĽγһϵǰǺܿ죬ʹ׶صĽɵҲʼѷ졭
ҶһݣƳһһԵӣʱӵ³νЩңȫ˸ָĵڵϣ˿öȻˣҶ֣ȴȻû
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ҶʱԼĴȥ赲Щֵܹ֮ڣҪǿΪ˽⣬ЩԽɵ˺Ҫȶӵ˺Ҫ̫࣡
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ǣȥӲǸʲôȥԸЩ
˼ãҶЩһ̣Ҷ۾һȻǰһ̤ʩչ
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ĿֲǾڽ֮ϵģֻûս裬ˣʵսһֱ罣⣬Ǻʣ⽣Բǰ衣
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ֹãҶ˫ۣһĨʧԼãоԼЩʲôȴûץסˣû׵ս򡣶Щ֮ͣǽԵʣǽԼͣ
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˵꣬ҶҲ˷ʱ䣬˽ϻΣ⽣ϻڶģ
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ҶȥֻʱɻڵϣȻʱû˽ȴǧٿףǻָٶȼ
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ҶûйˣһūԣȻתǰǰ
ʥūɲչ˵ģӵģһԷһһС
ţҶΧһһŤãΣҶ˫ʱѾ֮ǰĴˣһ㳡ϡ
ͻȻҶɫ΢䣬ΪΧȻͻȻν⣬Щ纣ˮ̰ĳӿȥ
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޾һؽ⳯Ҷӿȥ
һĻҶǷϲӦ˵ǿϲһǰԽڡ׶ؽ⣬Ҳ˵ɣԷɣ
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һʼҶǷǳˬģΪԸоԼĽڷţǺܿ죬ЩˡǾյٶٶ̫ˣΧЩⲻûʧԽԽ࣬ˣˣ
ҶѾһԽԽΪЩ޷ԶھӿȥˣһĻ
ЩҴҶæԼĽӿһ൱һתһ߽һ߳
Ȼо޴ôģΪЩӿں󣬶ᱻɣȻǿԼĽ⡣
ʱһһȥ
֪˶ãΧЩȫҶһաҶվԭأ˫΢գΧĿռ䣬·ܵʲôµĶڳһ㡣
ʱҶһʵľޱȣâֱ̲񷣡
ãҶ˫۶ȻоȻƽââ֮ռ˲䱻˺ѡ

ҶһȻϧˣʮ۷壬ֻһֻһܴﵽʮأǿϧˣ
Ȼལ⣬ûأҲкܴջһ׶ؽ۷壬ؽֻһӦ˵ֻ벽ˣΪѾصżһ̤һֻŽȥ
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757 Ľʺң
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ӵʱʣ࣬˵һһ츳ˣڿҵĽ֮ﳤȥֱԲˡȷʵĽѾ֮ϡԭΪҵĴлʹ˶ϵû뵽ˣ
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ҶһȻûджԷĽǣ֮ǰԷȴʵʵˣˣӦһ
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ͣҶڤǰڤҶǷһĨЦݣһΣĴաǵõ񴸣Ȼֵõ˾ž߰ʥūֽ׶۷壬õһ˵ڣ㲻ʯ뽣ūҲаնɱʥ
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ãҶǰǸ޴вûʧԽԽ󡭡
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Ϊ׵һӳϣ
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758 ǲǾ
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񴸵ҶһŭȣһֻҲס񴸣Ȼٴ͵һ
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˾ĿҶһ˺㣬㡭㾹Ȼɱ㡭Ҳû뵽һʥǰôˣһһ߾Ʒɱģ˴ʱЩԴ·
ʱҶЩ˷ܣΪ֣ʱİʥУѾǵǰ߲ɼˡЩϧʵ̫ˣǰӶʮΣͲ룬֪ʱЩ㣡
˽񴸣Ҷʣµʥ𣿡

仰˲ȻŭȴûڳȥΪΪˣǺжֲ˵񴸣ףͲܹƿġ
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սһᣬ˾ˡΪ˷֣봩׵ҶսֱֻаķݣΪҶȫȻ˻˵Ĵ򷨣ǣȻֻҪһǾǷ˵ģ
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Լ취
˦˦Щ۵ұۣҶΧˣȻŰµȥ
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Ȼ壬Ǻôʮʥģл峤ʵܹһʮĴڡµ䷢ͻµֲ˺á
ܿ죬Ҷ˷ɵסʱڷɵķſڣһȺµ߶šߣҶʶˣһֱɱǧףǻĴϡ
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ҰµˣҶ˰µǰ磬ڰµæ񡣷ɿҶҶ΢΢˵ͷ
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ǧȻ֪Ҿˡ¹ϵһδԣûоܾءǻȥϵİ̺ۣһ
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ˣǧ״ŭӿѹҶʲôҲ˵һ壡
˵ţǧ׾Ҫ֣ȴǴסˡ
һ飬޹أϳ

֣ǧɫһ䣬Ȼģǰãѩ¥ҿǾͲеġǰ˾
ǧ׽ߣҶǺɱģȫаջɱǧףסˡµɱǧףµ϶ӸϵΪµ鷳Уɱǧף϶һϵ鷳ĿǰҪȥȽı壡
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759 飬ˣ
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΢΢һȻԴȥֻһӻӺᣬòϿȥʮꡣӵشһССġš֡ʱаµɫʱˡ
żңʥʥõһʥʮ̣̲꣬ɲ⡣ɣżҵţҲǹżҳźֲ֮šҶԣżҺųǹʥǵһңʵڹʥǣʥضž޴ӰʹڤŮżҲĸӡ㣬򲻿һص㡣
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ӣǶɵӣǶżҵӣ

һŭȣֻƣҶֱ˹ȥ񴸵ĹУɵ𽥱󣬻Ϣֻ־ͱ񴸻ֹ
飡
ײһɸ˫һ䣬˲㱻ѹڵءһ̣˾֮ɫû뵽ǰ˵Ȼ̶ֲֳȣ
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ҶŷɵʥݲңҲݲ㣬ȥߴ½ɡ֮ǰ˵ԴͷңҪĻҲиȫĵطúɣУһ£ʥؽңڵʵ޷ʥ档
ΪʲôҪôңɿҶʵ
ҶǰЩƣֻұãõһЩԣұ˳Ҫ뱨Ⱦ͵ûţԾڴˡ˵ţҶóһöǧʯɣΪ֮˵ţҶһʧԭء
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ʱһŮͻȻڳ𣺡ɣʮ㣬գʹʮǰļŵҲûΪضܹһٴﵽʥ֮͸һ˿˷ܡ
ԣɫ˲ھ𣡡
Σˣȴǰߴ½ķ򣬶һȻͬķ
Ҷֻص˹ʥǣȻβĿŵĻȥ͵͵ص˹ʥǡصʥǺҶʥõĴ͵

ҶǰߣȻóԼĻֿ
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ʱΧһʯݣЩʯȫڿСʱվλһʯ̨ǰһĿ⿴·Լ֮µĵصףһǺ֮ϵĶˣһ
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Ҷͫ΢ȥʱһ߳ǰߣҶɫ΢䣬Ϊǰ߾Ȼмʥ
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һǣһ˾͵ǰ˲Ǻ𣬶ڤŮ
ҸýҶڤŮҶ


768 ڤŮսҶУ
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ҶվԭֱڤŮԭΪĻǺ𣬻ʥõĳǿߣû뵽ڤŮЩ⡣
ڤŮӼĵһҾϳˣΪϣûʲôܹƭҵ˫֪ۡΪʲôҴ㣬һ𣿡
ҺܺĵطҶ
ڤŮԭߴ½ʥ˵ָ𡣵ڲͬߴ½ʹʥضòضԴϴʱߴ½ֱһͳԣߴ½ʥѾһвرҪʱ򡣡
Ҵߴ½ͶʥأҶʵ
ڤŮҡҡͷûô档˵ƬˣҪţͱɱߡɱߣ㣬ߴ½е˶ȻҲʥء߲˶ҪᡣҿӦҪֶԵеģ
Ҳֻ֪֪ʥǰҪҲҪҶ
ڤŮҶΣȻһᣬӦߴ½ͶʥأңĻᡣ
Ҷһ񴸳֣ħ֣ܶҵĴ𰸣
ڤŮ˽㣡
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ڤŮ룬϶֪ʵǡãҲʵЩ棬գβǶԷĺ棿
ҶڤŮΣȻ˵ͷǾ

䣬ڤŮ˫۶Ȼһ׹ڹڤŮ˫֮е
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˽츳׿ǳԽʥһؽ⣬˽򡭡Ȼʥ֮Уòϣʥس˵֮⣬֣ǹżԪǼš֮ǰ˵õİֵ
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Ҷȥֻϣ֪ʱһӰЩӰ֮УǸϹߣϹԣ֮ǰ˵õ𡣼һЦȻ˫֡
ҶҲЦЦȻתڤŮǰͬ׽֣һ㶼ɱ̫û˼ЩգǺúһս
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ʱǲڤŮϵЩͻȻˡͬһ⵽ŵĶߣ˲䵯˵ĲֱӺҶϡ

һ̶ľڳ쳹
ײһ̣Ҷе񴸾һһɿֲдұۣҶʱɫ䣬ΪұͬһҲ·Ҫըһ㡣һ׸ϣұ񴸲ƽ

ʱٴκ֮ϣǿֱӽҶĵɶЩȴƹ֮ƳգҶȥ
ٶȼ죬쵽ҶûعͳǰҶ˫΢Уٴ͵֮ϡ
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һŭȣҶ˫϶͵һҡ

һڳҶվλõĵֱ̮ײĿռҵĲ˲Ϣ󣬡䡱һ죬ռֱ鿪Ǻɫ˻ȥҶҲͬһٴαˣ
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Ȼûһ⣬ǾǵĿǰΪֹҶûý
֣һǿţ㣬ǲࡣҼǿˣڤŮҶǣ˵ԶԶ㴩񴸡
ҶĿڤŮϵ֮ϣڤŮ֪Ҷ˼ֵͣڤҲɽףҪá˵ϵڤͻȻҽʩչɽԣóĽɣ
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˵䣬һǿĽҶڱӿ


769 ڤŮսҶ£
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ܿ죬Ҷе½ƺǳܲסɫȻѿ˿˿ѷ죡

Ҷŭ쳹ʣţһ쳹ǧҶ뽣ͬʱʧԭأһ⳯ž˹ȥ
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ҶڤŮĹٶȶǼģһˣǵĳ֣ڳĻǰʥǿߣˣ˵ĳֶ˵С
˵Ŀ֮Уǵݺݵײһ
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ײһ͵ɢ֮ռֱ̮һںڶУת˲Щռڶͱ޸ָֻƽȻûɢҲûɢ
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ڤŮʥôδйһܣˣڻɱʥǿʱҲûˡڣȴһ߾С
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ѡҵĵˣҶڤŮһҲΪΪУû취ͬԣעǵˡ
ڤŮ룬Ȼ˵ͷ˵ĶԣͬҲͬע֮ǵˡڽһУ˵ţڤŮֻ̧ȻҶһץ棡
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ֻôһץҶΧڵĿռ侹ȻŤš黨ǰ㣬ˣҶɿռڳΪ˺ҹֹˡʵǿǿ߾ķ֣ʱҶվλðɷΧڵȫûˡ
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Уڿռ䱻Ťҳ䣬ּΪʱҶɫˣļءΪмԼҪ֮⣬оԼڵԼٶת
ʱ˿̣ҶڤŮĿֲˣҲ׵ΪĻ϶ЩɵΪһ̣ĽҪڸһֱ̣ӱˣڳţֱӾͳΪһʬˡ
ȻˣǺܿ죬ʮϢҶǸо׳ˣǾ׾ȻʼϸСѷˡ
һ̣˵ĿⶼҶϣеĿ֮деЦеĴĮȻ
վҪȥһģʱҶȥǣڼ֤һ䡣
˵ܵġȷʵһܳΪǿߵ䣬ܲأϾԼġ
ڤŮҲעҶҶϵڻѿڤŮһĨ֮ɫ˫ۡ
硭
ǵĳǽ֮ϣͻȻỽһȻҪ֣ȴǱͷסˡŭиӿ޾ɱ⣬һԵϹƤ͵һʶĳԱơ
ʱһͻȻͷ˵Ķдų֣㿴û֮ǰĺɫӦʲôԲߡǽޣڳǻвһħʹҲǷˣΪһӹȥԼһأ
Ѿͷ˵еġʱϹҲѾͷ֮ͣǹƽĽ֣ľ϶ľ𣬾޷ͨԽ˵Ƿǳģڿɡ
ȻŽ֮ɫȴûмųˣֻһ˳˳ĿҶ
УԽԽѾ״
ʱǽͻȻҶ
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770 ƽ
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ŽҶҶ˫ۻһΣûȥٿؽ򣬶ڸܣܽڵһС
ȸܵڤŮķ򣬺ǿ󣬷ǳǿǿ󵽼ʹҲ˷ֺΧڤŮķ֮ӲĽһжıˣʱǰ죬֮գΧȴһƬڣҹߣΧޣǴʱ˿̣Щȴ𽥱任
תǬߵ
һַ֮Ѿķ롣
ģҶԽԽˡǰ۾ȥΧڣڿ۵Ĺ۲£һЩǰδӴĶ
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ʱ˿̣ҶҲ˽ʦƽΪôǿˡΪƽ̺֮Žʦķ֮򵥵˵ǣƽ⣬ʵѾܼ򵥵ĳΪˣӦóΪ⡣
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ҶҲ֪ΪΪûշ򣬵ȴ˺Ϊʣڽڵһռ䣬ʱ䣬ܹĸܵЩԴо񱻷Ŵһһκϸ΢ɲĶܹĿܵ
ЩıʺҪȥƽ⣬ݻ٣Ǿڼ򵥲ˡ
ҲףǰĽΪβǿˣΪû׽ĺ壬ֻǱܵýȥѹˣҲΪˣĽڤŮһ顣
Ҷ˫ۻ˿ӿһΣЩûڱڤŮķ֮ˣЩ·ҶΧĿռΪһ壬üܵõȴ޼Ѱ
ԲҶɢ֮ռɺڱףҲתΪܿ죬ҶһлָƽңʱĽ֮ڣȫĽ⣬ЩȫΪһ壬ռ䶼ںһ𡭡
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ɫһ䣬Ȼæҡ
ڤŮߣתһʧС粻ƺȥ׷ɱҶԵȴǵȻ˽һЩǱʦǲĺԶҲ쵽ȥȥˣȥ׷ɱаʥܣʤҲǲʤֵã
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ԻҩˡϹҡҡͷȻʧ˳ǽϡ
߰ɣȥúȴºĴսͷҲʧԭء
ڳǽϿҶ֮ǰȥķúŻص˳С

Ҷȥߴ½ķһ·񱼣ȻĻ½ģʥߵǿ߿Ҳ߰ڤŮ˵صʥҲˡΣøϻȥ
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Ϊʲôô˵ҶЩŵģΪ֮ǰڽ֮ڣȷʵԼѾˡ
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Ҷ죬ʲôҲû˵
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ҶĬãȻ˼ǿ벻ǿȫҸˣǿǿǿȻҲͲǿ
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ǲеֲ̫ˣһ¡Ҷɫ׿Ϊһڣ취߽ǵȴľǰˡ
ܿ죬Ҷͨߴ½Ĵ󴦣ҶﲢûأʱҲûȥЩһ˴С


771 Ǿս

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ҲĬˣǱȱ֪Ҫ࣬ˣǺߴ½Ĵ˵һȻѾƽһʱˣǴҶ꼴ˣʱߴ½˽Σ
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ҶףеǣʱûѡЩʥܴﵽмǶ߻ʥ˵һвûУǼСӣЩʥ顣
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ʣ϶ҪʲôԴã߼ģ
ʱÿһͻһͨʥﵽмʥ
ҶҲûţʱонʦƽ⡣ƽĿֲۼġ
ɽ⣬ܹʵҶƽԴԼĽ⣬ԼĽﵽءȫпܵģΪʱѾ׶۷壡ȴһֱûƽ⣬Ϊƽǿ̺˽ʦĵ
һŪã˭˭Ǹ⣡
ҶǾһԣȻһӾƽ⣬ȷֳһƽںڣţͷųԼĽ⳯ƽΧ˹ȥҶĲٿ£ʦƽûжҲûзǣҶȴǷ֣ԼĽ⾹Ȼڿܣ
ĽѾ飬ܵĻΣյĶų뿹ܣҲ˵ĽоֱʦƽΣա
ҶȻǿԼĽȥɽʦƽ⣬ûôһʼԼĽ⽻
ûκλӦҶŽܹĻ˵Լ
Ҷֵ˵ԺҪԽʦġǣһƽҶ޷ܣԺôȥԽ֪ȥΣգҲðգǣͬģҲкô𣿳ĸǿԣⱲܶûˣ
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ҶĽǴ·ģʦƽⲻĽ⣬ƽҶĽ²׳󣬶ҶĽԽԽƣҶоԼĽ⾹ȻҪס

ҶûѡŷǼͷųĽ⡭
һƽⶼԸˣһ̸ʲôԽ
ҶڵĽӿ
Ҷϧ۵£Ľ⿪ʼȶˣģĽ뽣ʦƽս˸൱
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ҶڵĹͻȻֱӷ飬Ȼڷ顭ֱΪ촷ۡ


796 ؽĿֲ
ԶСӣһĻޱȡ
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ҶջĿ⣬˫΢գ΢
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ΪģվλôԲɷΧڵĿռɲǼȫ飬һƬڵĿռڶܣ
ܿ죬Щռָ
Ҷ𾪵ģΪֻýѹΧȻȴû뵽ֻôһѹƣЩռ侹Ȼܲסֱӱ鿪
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Ƭռ䣿ҶЩ⡣
˵ûԣʱͻȻҶԣУ뾪ϲ֮ɫؽصںϣ뽣ںϣռںϣںϣܹ뷨֮ںϡԿ
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Ҷ˵ͷ΢ӿģ֣Ľ⾹ȻܹΧĿռڣΧĿռȫΪһ壡
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΢΢һЦĽ⣬ռ䣬ȻҲ뽣ʩչʱ뽣֮Уڽ뽣Ľռ֮УȻÿռԣ
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׼ȷ˵ƽռֱˣۣǰĿռһţƽϵжо
ռ֮󣬿ÿռԣô˵ɣڣõ˲սܹýֱӴռ䣬ٶȹˣ
Ҷ΢ʱ֮һʯȻ飡
ȹ֮ٻҪ죡
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Ϊ𣿡
ԭصһȻҲһʧԭء
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ǺǷһĨҪ˵ʲôǻδ˵꣬һ׹һϢ󣬺ɫ˲䡣ΪܣȻֱӳһǧʥǿߣһȫмʥ
㡭
Ӵ󺧣׼˵ʲôʱľͻȻ˻߾ȻȻһǧмʥǿһӵϡ
ӺôǸ߼ʥֻɲǼ䣬㷴ӦˣȻ˫һ˺Ҫ˺ѿռߣȻǣǰĿռ侹Ȼ˺
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ںȫ֮£ǰĿռ䱻˺ѳһӣӺСֻĴָС겻ȥ
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ˣĿ˫Ĵģ滹оɻ֮ɫȻԹ
Ҷߵ˺ǰźӵʬ壬ҶҡҡͷȺŹ
ʱΧĿռȫʼ


797 Ѫ񷣡
ΧЩĿռ䣬ҶһӿЩռڣʱЩĿռȫƽ

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ҶЦһʥǺӵʬ壬תʧԭء
ӵʵǸ߼ʥһһҶ϶սǣһǧмʥʯǰӸûлֵء
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ҶߺûãһȺ˳ԭվλá
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СˣܹδʥлǿǱʲô˵ĵơܹģɣҩãҲҪУ
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Ҷһ·ߣͨߴ½Ĵ󴦡
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ҶҲڿЩˣУкЩϤˡ
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ʵ̫ˣһԣǺȻҶʵҲھɱ㣬ΪгϷҪݣⳡϷԱ߹ۿǾ͸˼ˡ˵⻰ʱϴŹЦݡ
Աƽԭ֮ϵߴ½ߴʱҲϳҶһɧ
ҶȻͷǰ׵ģҶ
ߣҶΣڵѱˡʥأҪǰϣϣ֪Ҫô
˵ǣҵͶʥأȻʥشߴ½֮ʱҵɥ֮հ
ԭһͦģû뵽վʥУҲãʥУʥصӦòǨŭǣҲԱպı
ȷʵ覴ñرҵ֮Ѿڱߴ½ڱԸǻţл·


ͻȻЦָ·Щߴ½ߣҶûЩҪˡǿЦǿɱ
Ҷû𣬶Ŀ⿴ԶҼԴϣҩôģ
ҶһֲԴһҶѾѱʲôʸҵȼΪƴ
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һԣħʥͻȻҡҡͷҶΣи㣬ҲǶԿʥأԿߵġֻиʥ֣лԿʥأҲлȥ
ǣԼѱˣȴǸ㣬ˣҲʵ̫޳Щأޣ
ΪɱʥصˣҲʥأҶߴ½ǣ
ǣΪҶ㣬ʥˣʥصԴ˵ͳɻˣ
ҲǿЦߴ½ƻʳưˣʥȴǳΪ˽ЦǣȻǼΪƴΪߴ½Ϊɽۿɣʥأ˼ʥУƨ㣡
ֺ֪ʥأͼ֮ʱߴ½߾ȻʼҶ˵ĽһʵЩ׳ۣ
ʥص˷ЦЦֱ񷡣
һԵǱҲЩЦ
ҶĬû˵ЩʹûеģֻǿɱΪԼΪЩ˿ɱ
£ʣûЩˣЩѡһ·κ˶ȨѡԼ·ȻκҲҪΪԼѡ񸶳ۡ
ĿͶ󴦣Ǵ̨ϣԴԴϵ˳֡ʱ˿̣ʥأ·ߴ½ߵ˼á
ˣԽԽǧɵɽ¿ˣһͷ
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Щߴ½߸оЩԾҪ뿪ǣÿһҪߵˣᱻʥǿ߸ϻȥǿߡ
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ղ죬ԽԽˡ
ΪǸ˶оԾˣ
ʱǺͻȻǴ̨ϣһӣһӡסǴ̨ʱûܹ͹ˡ
ʮˡϷԿɣ
ź£Զһɽ֮ϵͻȻɽ嶥£Ȼߴ½Ⱥ֮г˹ȥ
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ŭţ


798 ΪʲôҪǣ
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У˴󾪡󺧣
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ΪңĳЩطʼɱ
ҪӳȥˣǣʱһѪɫĹâͻȻȺıԵ˶Χ
һЩЩĻĹǾķ֣ЩĻȻ˿һȫĺһ𹥻޷Ļ˿

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ˣ֮ѡƸۣתЩ߳˹ȥ
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һʼֻǼ˳ȥܿ죬˳߳ȥȺһһߣȴһһ
ǧʥǿߣУмʥߣʥֻмʮ࣬ȫǻ߾߾֮µߡɼ䲻Եȵʵֲ֣Զ
ڿԱ޷˵ߺߴ½ľˡ
ΪʲôΪʲô
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·ߴ½ˣԶԶȥغƽٽȵãѪΪҵ̳һͨĴǶȵңֺα˵վԵȻˣβھ͸Ͽȥֻأ
ʥأҲڡ
ʥأҲŹǣ
ʥأ䣬ǲú˶ú

УĿѣԹĿźڵءߣǴʱʥˡ
ɱɣߵ˲Ϣɱ˵ٶĴɱţУѪɺӣѪɺӣѪɷϿգõ֮϶һ㱡ѪĻѪɷԹԽԽ࣬ѪĻҲԽԽŨԽԽ죡
ҶȻĿųеһУϺƽ֮ͬǰЩߴ½һû˿Ĳ
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ǣЦˣЩʲôҧԼ
ԴԼˣ飬ǣԴˣ̣ǰЩߴ½ھĵˡ
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Ҷȣ㣬㲻ú
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˳Ҷ˹ȥҪɱǰҶ˴ʱôģ㲻ңҲҪ㣬㲻ҡ
Щ˳嵽ҶǰʱȴǱѪɫĻסǷĹѪɫĻѪֹĻʱԹĿҶҶ·ʱ˿ǵĴǹĻڵҶɵģ
ԡ
Ҷ˫ۻϣò˵ʱ˿Щߴ½ߵΪҲˡ
һپʱĵ߻ᱻˢ£ʱʲô鶼ĳ

ٴδЦӴʦȻЩôɱҶ͸һ
ԶӿһۺȻһӣסҶǵĻʱʧ
ɱҶɱҶ
Ļʧ˳Ҷ˹ȥ
͡
һڳһţٸߴ½촦
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һɨǧ˱նϡ
һ̣Դ࣬ƺҶǸʲôˣ򣬿ǵİ
ҶеĽһһЩߴ½ȥôˣǲҪɱǲҪɱ𣿡˵ţҶһӣһ⼤Դֱӷ˳ȥ
ߴ󺧣ˣ
ʱǰһЩͻȻͨһȣҵպصΪţ
ԽԽ˶Ҷȥ
һĻҶһĨǰЩûˣǰɱڣɱˣͱˡ
Щˣþܾ
ҶҡҡͷЩˣþȣҲܾȡˣ׸պ˵ҪǷһ
Ҷֽڵأ˫ۻ
һĻߴ½߶ʱҡ
ߣʱǺͻȻҶŪĺܾƵģ㣬죬Ҫ㣬ҲҪҲûܹȵ㣡
˵ţӣ߻⣬ȡһŷһףʱҶΧֳһѪɫ֡
ΧǵѪɫ֣ҶЦһȴǲ
ҶȣϣȫҪЩɱͬھʱǺͻȻҿԸһĻᣡ
˶ʱͣ˺
͵οأ
Цһһ򿪴ǱߣԴԴ˹Ҫģɱ˴ߴ½Ǳˣֱɱߴ½ˣˣǲܹʥءڣʥرĵʱ򣡡


799 ˣ
һ˾ʱǸһ˿˵ɱˣˣԥȥ
ʱЩߴ½߸ûȥĻ٣˵һϣһ˿ҪʱͻȻץһˮݣʱǣǲȥˮܾܲǣֻȥƴץסˮݣ
Ϊһϣ
ֹͣɱȴû뿪ͷÿһжһѳ
һӣָջָԴԴϵ˳ڴϡ
е״ʱЩȫ˴̨ϡ
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ʱԴҶĻǰҶǶҵһЩˣʱЩǾ֮ɫҲŶԴڹȺ£ҵزţһЩ˻ڿ
Ҷ˫ۣŶҵˣֻĮӡ
㣬ϷңֻܹȾҶЩ󱳣Уҩĵܵãϣ㿴ҩķϾȾǣϷˣԴ˵߸Ҷͷ
ʱҩ˳С
ҩж㶣Ȼǿϲ
㣬ңҡ
ҩԭû̫ˣҶϣˣҶϣˣ

һ̣ϲǶԴҲˡ
ҩĿ˶ԴϣҼǿأû뵽վǿۣҶ˴
Դϳ֮ɫЩӵҲǵͷ㶡ԴʥأҲ᲻ͬġ˵û˶ҩ֮ûܹѹסЩҰĵˡ
Դ˵ʲôҩ˰֣ȻҶû˵ֻһӹҶǰû˵ôš
һĻҵȫͷǶԴҲˡ
Ҷߵ˶ҩǰ֮䣬ʵûҪˡʵ˵Щζ
ҩǰ˵ĻҲˣ֪ǶǣҶ֮ʵ
Ҷҡҡͷ㲻˵Ҳǵġ
ҩ΢΢һ뵽ʲôһҶĬ
Ҷת򶡼ҵˣʵ˵ʥһ̣˵һ嶼ûСҲԣҲԣѡǲΪļˣ϶ģ
ԣҵдһҩҶû˵
Ҳԣ
ʱ˳УҶʵĺܺ棬ҪôЩˡ
Ҳܺ棡
Ҳ˳УһҶǱô˵ҿ϶ԭӷ㣬ʵ˵㲻ԵˣȻô˵϶аյģңĺ֪ҪôƳ󷨣
ҶߵǹĻǰǹĻ֮ϣһƽǹĻ֮С
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ҶһȣסҶĹںӵĿ֮кȻ顣ҶһӣҵŪ˹ȥȫս˺ڣȻӣûжѣ
ʱĺɫޱȣҶΣһҶȻҿܲˬҲòϣȷʵţȻ;ؽ⣬㣬ȷʵ˲𣡡
ӵ˵ͷ츳죬ҲǾϧ磬Ȼδɾͱض
ҶһԵĴ̨ʱ̨ϻԴԴϵĳˣЩһ֣̱һӵϣǣûüĿеνþȥ
ϣѪĻԽԽѪĻ֮£ؽѪһƬڴ̨֮£ѪѾаŨѪϢõ˾ԼѪڡ
ҶûνĵҲˡʱʥأһ˼
˵ҶҵãʱͻȻ㻹Щ֮ʡƽٽЩ˾ڲر֮ʱɻڲǣľͲǣˣ
û뵽ʥؾȻ֣ҶԶߣû뵽Щѱ߾ȻԸʥ֡
˵ʥصʵǲߣǣʥҪ¶ƴĻĽ޷ǾܾˣǲˣǸˡֶ£ǱȻģ
ôڱЩ𣿡Ҷ
ѣЦһҶʷһ㶼˽⣬֪ʮǰǽ߸ϵ½ġʱĴ½ǿ߸û취ֻѹߣԴȡߴ½İ顣˭֪ѹ֮󣬵Щǿߣʧٵʧ٣ֱ󣬴Ҳŷ֣Ѿû˻ŵİʥǿˡ磬һν·
˵⣬һ̧ͷʣ˵Щˣ߹ͬĵˡ
һѪ񷲻ɹأҶ
ɹЦЦЦ֮дһ˿뱯ָ·Щɱߴ½ߣʵû𣬾·ĲУҲҪȥߣΪΨһİ취ˣ˿ЩһǱѡ񣡡
˵⣬ҶҶ츳ȥ죬ضܹһɳ졣ֺαǿ⣿ߣʵ޷ֹʲôֻҪԸʥأҿڲɱ㣬ǰҲ̣
Բ⣬ˣô˵ҶﵽʥҲɵޱȣûܹףһؽĽжôֲ޻˽
Ҷûлش𣬶ǿ˲ԶĴ̨ϣǴ̨ϣ˲ǰ
ҶһЩãˣΪһ飬Ǿǣߴ½Լѡߴ½оųɵ˻ѡʥء
ʹʥߵ˫ѹ֮£Ȼûѡߴ½ڣߴ½ѡˣ
ԽԽеѪѾ۳ɺˡ
䣡
ͻȻʴһ˴󾪣ȫ̧ͷʡ˻ߵˣʱ˿̣ҲǴɻ֮ɫ
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800 ȥ죡
ڿУÿһڶһˣжŮ
ȫʥ߾ȴõģȻ
һĻʯЩٴУ
ҶĿͶһŮϣŮʶǵǰٻʦºɾĿҲϣȴǴɭɱ⡣
ҶջĿ⣬дɻ֮ɫΪЩ˼ȻƬ磬ΪûбԴ٣Ǻ˴ʱҲɻ󲻽⡣
ʱһͻȻ˳ȻóһѷָһЩһâʾͷ
Է
ʱͻȻ˵һ䡣
ʲôǲԷҶʡ
һܹ츳ķЩΪʲôˣǺǡԭˣӵ
Ҷ⣬ʱһͻȻסԵĶҩҶɫ䣬Ҫ֣ȴǵģ컯
Ҷǲ⣬Ҳûڳ֣Ϊҩƺûܵ˺ֻǻƮ˿С
һᣬһ˷ÿһڣһˡܿ죬ҶһЩϤˡ
ڤŮϾϦ磬ʥʥڶϹӣ½صɡ
һᣬгһٶˣЩ֮УŮǶһͬ㣬Ǿȫǵһľš
ʥ߾ǿĿЩһһɨ󲿷Ŀ˰ϾڤŮϡ
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΢΢һЦ缴ǿԸǰ죿
ΪʲôڤŮʡ
ƺģЦȱĲԴ˲šôθԪⷽ磬ĿľΪ˾ȳšƬûʧȻѾûˣȴ˶ţرԱѾͷǴ⣡
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ҶߣҶл֮飬飬ģ˵꣬һߵ˵
½Ҷһʦͽ񣬵ȥ᲻ң
ҶЦҡҡͷô᣿컯㲻ãҲܷ˵ţϾϦҲǣɵ£ΨһһǻĻᡣ˵֪Ҫ˵ʲôǣ˵֮ĸ飬ĲҪ֤ȥ𣿡
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ҶߵŮǰҲ˼ʲôֱסŮ֣֪ңңǣңĲҪΪǵʵû˿İ˵ţҶֱӵסŮǸˣ
˵꣬Ҷ˫Ů΢΢һƽ͸Ϧֱӻ˹ȥϾ˫Բдһ˿ŭʥȴǶá
ŰϾҶֻգǸˣҵĽѾ״Բˡ֪ôǿ϶ߵģˣ´μ棬һңһܹڼ棡
˵ţͷڰϾ촽һǣȻŮ˶ҩǰҶ֣ȴǵôңҸߣôӦңһ֮գ
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ҶҲߣԼӦҲûôǰΪʲôЩ˶ѡУȴûѡȻѡҲȥģȥĻϣ½ԣʫô죿
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ϿЩ죡ʱºɺͻȻҲգ츳ʸǰ졣
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Ҷ붼û;ܾǲߣǲߡ磬ǣҵˣĻϣ½ԣգʫ
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ʱǺͻȻŭΪ˶Ըߣסʮ꣬ʮ갡ܹʥȴΪǶֹʥ߾Ϊ߳ƽٽҵȲΣǣֻţ
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Ҳǿˣ췣ȻҲǿε췣Ƭµ췣˵ʥʥ߶ɱӿǾ޴׵УгһĨɫ˵ûȷʵҪǣˡ
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ԽԽǿ߳ڳУʥصģҲߵģߴ½Ļ½ԵҲˡ
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һӣһ޴ɫžϿգڽɫžֺ󣬰һʥǿ֣ӿǽɫž֮УɲǼ䣬ɫžľһ⣬Ǻ΢

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ǿߵһȻ޷췣
пʼ˾֮ɫЩʥǿߣ췣ǰǵһθоԼϣ
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ļӳ£ǷƴȦԽԽԽԽʵڣ˵Ŀ֮УǵɫǷƴȦ֮ϡ
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ﵽʥҶʩչĽֱס˷ԲЩɫ׽ҶĽٶȶʱҶýѹЩɫףȻҲǸ۵ģǾʱһһš
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˵ţСӣߵǰյСԴɵѾͷлȥˣԺ⣬Ҫκˣκˣ𣿡
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ܻʮ𣿡Ҷ
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809 һ죡
𣬹ƾ⽣ֱҶͷٵɫסҶȫǵ·ȫѣϣһܼ֩ѷ죬Ѫڲӿ
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810 ½

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811 ָʵķ

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תͷҶ֮⣬һǣǣǵĳⷽԲʮΨһһǳγ˵ϲҲ֪˵滰ΪҪߵļ˷ʽ֮ҪڵĴݣȻʬͷС£
ҶЦЦû˵
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ҶΣȻסֻһ򣬼ȻǾҪӣ´һң
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ҽôֱ׳ġ
ҶҡҡͷȻתصԼ䡣
ڴϣҶ̯ƣһƷʯ֮ǰιʱ͵͵ġûԥֱǿżƷʯ
вͨģΪѼӶ޷Ψһİ취Ǵڲգ
ƷʯںһҶڣҶϲķ֣Щת󣬾ȻɫģȻĺȴҲһҶϲ
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ҪʯóƷʯ̺ı
ˣʱĺرգʯѵһֱ˿УΪǸ޼£
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Ϊ㵨ε˶ҽ㣬ǿ϶Ҹ͵Ҹղ͵͵ˣҽ㣬Ҿ㣡˵ţֳǰ˵֣ҶĺϣңҸ㣬ԥˣԥҾ׷Ͻˣ
Ҷߣ֪Ҹ͵ɱҵģ
ŭӺɷ㾹Ȼǲ˰㣡
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Ҷʮ飬һٿ鼫ƷʯҰ͵ôǿˣѾͷҪ͵ˣȻ޷ܾǾֻܴթôˡ
Ҷ˵꣬һöɽͳǰֻεûϢȻֻҪһٿƷʯŵһǧ鼫Ʒʯڶˣߣȥ͵
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ҶһЩʯٿԽ߾ƷֻҪ߾Ϳʱ뿪ˣڽʣԺȡҲ٣
ջ֮£Ҷûڳˣ͵ȥˡΪˣ׾ٵľͽ˳
һϲæȥ׼ȥͻȻ뵽ʲôתͷҶҪˣ϶ȥͨ籨ţʱҿ϶ᱻץУøһߣ
˵ţҲҶԣֱӽҶץԼȻ󡰼ݡһʧʡ


812 װƲˣ
Ҷ󾪣û뵽СѾͷȻֱӴڵ״̬ܹܵٶȣⲻշɵУͱǿ紵ֱŤ
˵Ǵʱ˵ΣֻסΣεıϡ
̫ˡ
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δûб˹ڻعʱȻŭιʲôſȻȻҰ㶪ȥˣ
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ε쳹ʣν׼Ҷһʱ·ͻȻһ⣬ٶȼ죬쵽ζûҶȴǿˣҲоˣû˿ԥһŤֱӴ׹
δŭǵԼըѿסˡ
ˣ취ȻҪˤˣ
ҶסΣСѾͷǷæŭһ˵꣬һǿУõæ˿ڡ
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ȻЩ⣬ҶĻˣΪʱûа취սӿ뽣УҽӳڽʱǵѾǰ紦һ̣оԼֶˣȻȻͣ
һ˲족һǵֱըѿбǿ˽ֱ׹¡

·ϵһžϣһֳֳüͷôܣѾͷ߾Ʒ㽣أҲƵҵļЩ졣
ԭسĬΣһҶ׹λȥ
Ҷ˴ʱЩ⣬ڵϺ󣬲ûΪǵһƬɭ֣׹ʱ˱һЩ¡ȻҲùرҶΪڵʱ桭
ڵѾǵôһˤˡ
УҪָʵȻҪ
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ܲܰѽ˵ҶŮˣͰν
ε㣬ʵ˵ҾʲôĿģŶ֪ˣ˵⣬ջ˽Ȼ󿿽ҶЦе϶ϲҽ㣬ԼʵҼңĿľΪ˽ӽҽ㣬Բԣ˵ˣ֪϶ġ
ҶЩ±ˡ
ʱͻȻҶļȻҸѽҸҽϵˣֻҪҰ˵ûҪ׷ҽ㣬Ǽֱ׾ٵ顣㣬ýҸղС
ԣҶЩЦ֪ղһ֣Ƽ򵥣ֻҪ޽˾֪ʵһҲ򵥡ʣѾͷˡǰѾͷƴ֣ʵһҲӻ࣡
ҶȲ˵׷ɱ˿϶ưոݣǾ뿪
δһӣƣô򣬵ֱŪұ֤ҽǰΪ˵û
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Ҳร
δҶȻǣô죿ңҴ㣬϶ܲȥģ
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ε˵ͷȻתܡ״Ҷ΢΢ҡҡͷȻóһЩƷʯ˶Уʼ
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ЩίǼȻȽǮǸ벻ĽޣŽիֲҪңԣҶԼĥҪȻʽ㣬ԽҲǺܶࡣ
ŽիΪʲôҪ㣿Ҷʡ
ͶҪﵽؽϣҲܳʮ꣬ѾʮˣڽȥԺҲûлˡ˹ŽիҾû취ﵽ㣬ʱ϶ᱻƵļ޸ҶǸε
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ǰ϶һǳǳˣԲԣ֮дһ˿˷ܣһһ
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½
ҶЦЦû˵ʲôʵҲȥֻ״С
ѽôǼҾͲᱻҶвˣҲͲü޸ϲˡЩ˸е
Ҷģ
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ҶʱѾһЩжתԶѾ׷ˣ
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ҡҡͷҶε֣޷磬ǵܾˣͬʱаһΣװƲˣ
Լ
ҶĻǱҪֵסˡ


813 ûʵҲҪװƣ
޷磬һּ뻯ǣų߾һˡǽ㶼ɵޱȣ
ҶУæңѾô֪ͨ˽㣬ֻҪһǾ͵þˣ
߾һˣ
Ҷ㶣ȻЦ
һΣ޷סҲˡ
Ц˰ΣҶλ޷磬һסһһƵᣬ·޷
գգۣгһ˿֮ɫ
ȻֻǷ˾ϵȴǷ˾ӵУǰһӦþǴȥܹ׾ٵƵҵļ˾һ㣡
޷ûж֣ʱɫˡ
Ҷε޷磬ȻҶûɢκεƣ޷ȴǸоʱһɽѹõ
޷ɫԽˡ
еĳ֮ɫŨˡ
ģ޷ϾȻʼֳˮˣûߣΪ֪ߣԺˡ
ʵʱҶҲǽŵģڶ޷ڽѹȣ˵ĺѹȣ˵ĲŻˡֻҪ޷֣ɵѹƾͻ˲߽⡣ȻԴ߶ʦɱ޷磬ǲ򲻵ʱʱʵǲ߶ǽ⡣
ڵɲǰǴ߶ǽ⣬ضᱻǽⷴɣϾڲŽһأϸ˵һض㲻ϣǿȥ߶ԽصĽ⣬϶кý
ߵ޷ǰʱ޷Ѿ亹ˣлѪ˿ûߡ
һĻҶ΢΢˵ͷǰ޷ʵǺǿȴǼΪ
䣡
ʱһͻȻ޷ӿ˳
߾Ʒ
޷羹ȻҶѹ½ˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ飬װеʧܰûˣöԷˣеˡ
Сһף޷粻֪Ҷ״֪ģ޷ڳ֣϶ʮġ

޷³һһɣǰǹѹڲڡҶû֮ǰǰأеֻս⣬Ի߾ƷǿߣҲһս֮˵ţóһֻīɫ˹ϣ
촽˶ץסҶ֡
ʱҶȴҡͷһЦǲδ϶һɾ͡˵ţסƲһǱʱǱͻȻһһ
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θǲ˼ĿҶɻ֮ɫ
ҶЦЦȻεּ޷磬ԭһ㣬ϧţôһɱ㣬δЩ̫ϧˡ˵ţͣ΢΢˵ϣȻǰһľ֦
޷ǲҶľٶһ˳˳Ҷر޷磬ʱ֮ɫ֮ǰˣΪǰ׷˹ôһ򵥻ɫ
Ҷľ֦󣬽ľ֦ε֣ȻߵεֻסεСסľ֦֡
һϢϮСһ죬ҪҶȴͻȻֱָ޷磬֣δЩԴСҲ߶뽣⣬ͽУҲѧѧôý
˵꣬Ҷζ߶ӳľ֦Ҫ˼룬񣡡
ȻӦҶʱ㣬Ҳ֪ʱûбѡ޷ֻðҶ˵
Ҷֽ˽εСε΢΢޷磬
޷翴ҶΣҶȷʵûд߶뽣⣬²ЩɣΪ֤Է޿֣Ǿôȥʵڲġԥ£޷һĨâ˫΢΢һеļֱָüġ
磬֮
΢¶֮ɫΪһ˵£ǿû塣ʱоԼֶһ¡

һڳ𣬽ţ޷֧ͣǰʮ紦ζһֻе֦֪ʱ֧ļ°λãһĻ۾һΪλһλãҲһλã
ľ֦λãͺñȴߴߴһųϵЧ
һԵ޷һĻɫǰδȷһ£Ǿǰ׷ĲһˣԷʵ֮ϡǣЩģԼļô׾ٵȥ
ǡ
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ѪɫΪǼң͸ܵһǿƣǹֱõ㷴ͷ֪νļƣ޷Ȼû֮⣬ļѾԼļƣ
ƻǿ˿ȴʱؽ϶Էߣû˽ƣǶ֣
ʱָоԼֶˣš
޷֧ǰͣȻâɢȥ˵ϣһѿˣѪ˳
пɣٶȻļ̫򵥣ꡣûٶĻ£̫򵥾̫ڵļ̫˵ټҲܹȥҶ޷绺
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˵֮ǰ޷ļǼ򵥵ģôһΣļǸӵģһرӣΪЩ֧·ڲٿһ㣬Ҷܷ衭
һĻȫסˣֹõ֪Ҫô졭΢΢ƫͷҶ֣ҶȻ˫ۡ
ţֿʼˡ
ľ֦ǰ̣бɨ㣬
ֻӶһ֧֧׹ڵϣһᣬΧЩȫ׹ڵء
ͨһ򷨡
һĻ޷ɫ΢ף֮ɫ
޷磬θֱӴסˣ۾Ĵģʯ
Ҷ˫ۣ޷磬ʵȻһЩ츳ȴǲɱ㣬δ̫ϧˣ߰ɡˣ͸¶ңҲԱ˵ңȻôĶ֪
޷һȻҶһ񣬵лǰɱ֮˵ţתߣͣȻСҶң˵꣬һʧ˵С
һĻҶʱһʱӰͻȻ˳У£˵Իվӡ
˼еҶʱ˶ʱסˡΪʱҶε󣬶ֻԻסε֫ε֡
ūŷ
ͻȻŭţҶһھѪȻֱӵ˳ȥ


814 赶ɱˣ
Ҷֱֱɳɣײ˽߰˿Ŵ֮ڵϡ
ڷðǣȫʹޱȣʶʼģҶʱĸо
һΣҶЩջˡ
ʱȴͻȻǰȻ֮ǰҾ߹㣬Ҫסڵݣڿ㲢ûȥȻ㲻ã
˵ţƻ̧һƷʱֶ
ҶһĨ߶нʦ⣬Ȼ߶ҪԳܵĴۣڣûбѡ
Ҫ߶ƽɱŮʱͻȻǰæ㣬û°ɣ
⻰ʵġҶֱۣԼûµûվվˣ
СΣ߿
ʱȻ
Ҷ˫΢Унʱ׼
һת㣬ҪôΪǣ֪ղŷʲôʲô֪ղҪǡ

ͻȻεĻŭ𣬡㾹ȻΪײң
ƺЩ㣬ȴûּ֮ǰҪҡ
СΣ˵ɣ
ʱһһͻȻ˹Բ֪жൣ֮ǰǶҪ˵ģͻȻյĴˣһһ⡣֪ǵ޷ûмȴǼ㡭
˵⣬ӿһҶȻСΣ˵˵¼֮ǰ㣬δ棿δ棿ҲСˣҲöˡ
οһ΢΢ͷ㣬Բ𣡡
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һǿӲ㣬㣬㲻ɱҡǰ֮ǰʲôǻ˵ˣΪף˵ЩҲ϶ţţҶΣգ
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֣г⣬ǰԼӽɫһ䡣
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˵ţΣ˭ǣ
ҲΣγĬˣ˵ҶסˣΪǿ϶š뵽Ҷ֮ǰ޷˵Ļ֪Ҷ뱩¶Լˣ֮ˣңҲ֪˭
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಻ɽһͷǣͷ·ǱȺɽΧƵģ
ЩɽڣܵҼǿϢٶ˵Ǽǿġ
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ҶһݣŮ˻ǲŹԼȻҲûŹŮˣҶɲһ۸ˡǰԥ߶ʦĽɱŮˣǸһЩۣ
ڣһЩǰǰ嶯ˡʱĳ嶯ȻһʱˬˣȴΪ˸Ĵֵۣã
֪Ľ͵Ļ϶ǲŹҶģ룬ȻղΪ˾ңȻģ
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Ҷ΢΢һĲ⣬ܿˣǰŮ˵Ǵô޷Ϊڳ󡣱Ͼ֮ǰ鲻Ľ͵ĻεһĴ
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ʱȴͻȻóһӣ˵ͷȻз˽͵˼ū飬ǺСβɥҷһٱӣ˵ţֱһӡ
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һƷڳ𣬽ţžһҶȴû£Ϊεǰ
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ǿŵҩһԵǰһĨ죬С㵱ǸУֵҩУ
һԳĬĻҲŲ֮ɫⵤҩ˵ɶϡƷҪ֪κεҩͼķڶǼٵģΪڸûʦԣܶʱ򣬾Ǯһõ
ҩ
Ҷ۾ͻȻһԼǡǵмֵҩ޸ģһҪļƷʯ
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ӿЦЦû˵
ʱºȻȻѾǾ;̰ɣ
㣬ҲҪȥæ
Уܾ
С㣬о仰֪˵ʱºȻ
һ£˵޷
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δϲæס
ô죡һԣָָҶ
ߣҶæѾ˼ƷʯҪľǾȻָԼʵֻҪﵽ߾ɽҲԱ֮
У˵ֻøǣȱ֣
赶ɱˣ
ҶһݣâһȻ֪ЩҪȥʲôǺʣǾһΣյ飬Ů˴һֻǷ˾ߣⲻȥ


815 ©ʵ
Ҷż·ˡ
ȻԸģǣûѡ˭дʱ˼ȭͷȽϴ
ܿ죬ҶʹӲԸɷǳԸˡΪһ·ϣնɱһЩ޵ڵĿڴˣȻҪΪЩ޵ĵȼ̫ͣ˸ϣ˱
ЩڵûʲôãǶԴʱҶȴþ޴ԭΪһǧ༫Ʒʯܹ߾֣һ·͵͵ٶ༫ƷʯҲֻպôﵽ쾳Ʒѣ
ʣµٶ༫Ʒʯܲﵽ쾳Ʒһʺţ
һ·ջڵ˼ġֻҪﵽ߾ʱܹʵԱȻ뿪ȥϦˡʵ˵ȻԷûԷϡ
˵ŵĻԷҶĵˣһΪǵŮ˰ˣ
ⲻԴ󣬶ʵ
Ȼ֮ףǣţֻҪﵽ߾ҪɱԷ̽ȡ
֪Ϊʲô˲ûշУǲСǰţҶںţֻҪɱޣҶȥƸȡ
С㣬ūǴĺܣܻŻȥСûˣ
ƳһںڵҶЦ۽ǵļ˿Ρ
ǻҲС֮СΪǸƽ˼ȡڵõһСʱմմϲⲻ֪õĶڱ磬ǿɱ
ԼǣǰӿҶЦҹҲжʮ꣬ȴֻǷ˾ǺǣҼǵͰ˶ǿ˰ȻԵҪǣŬҪһɢޣûпκˣҲûлʲôǿ󴫳УҲﵽ߾ˣ
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ʱҶͻȻͣɨһܣüͷҲʱҲͻȻͣɨһۣСģӦǰԳأЩԳȺӣ߿㣬Ҫǣ
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ͬʱһϵͻȻ𣺡ʩչĵƣϱɱһ·һٶȴܣ

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ʱǲϵٴ𣺡Դ룬Щްǰģ˵ǡڣڰɱͷޣ϶кУ
ȻͷԳ֣Ŀȴǲɨܣϧǣܲûʲô

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Ҷ˫ۣ߿ãȻҲ֪СΪʲôôά㣬ǣֻ˵ǱȽ棬Ҳ档

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߾мƷʯڴﵽ߾
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818 ϧִݻ
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ɻҶţͻȻ֣˶ڿͣ˼һۣ׼˵ͻȻĿԼۣʱֻԼѾ۲֪ʱȻ˵ϡ

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ײһŴϣȻڵ棬΢΢һ
Աߵɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ʱҶȴͻȻǣ˭˭

һŭȣҪ֣ʱһڳһȻֱӼӲԭˡת˲ŵͷֱӷ˳ȥѪ
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ҡҡͷģΪңΪң˺ܶܶࡣ㣬߰ɣҲ㣡
ҶҡҡͷڣҲˣ˵ţҶɫ

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䡭
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ԦǰͷǱʵǺǿȴܹһЩǿǩԼЩǲܹӳǿʵܹ޷һЩĺϻǧҪУߵҶԣ
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821 Ȧ

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822 Ҷħ
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ȻޣǴʱɻޣЩ޲ûгȥˣȫֹͣԭأ䱸ĿҶɣ֮ǰҶɱЩʱЩ˼ĳ

ͻȻһͷװԳһŭ𣬽ţһԾͬһСɽѹҶ
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ȻʱܰȴͻȻīϬţϣţīϬţ΢΢һƫҶԭ˫۵ĽʱīϬţƬϣһ

ҶеĽֱӻΪƬҶҲɾĳ
޺һһԣͻȻѾīϬţͨǺ壬ܹӳս

ʱīϬţͻȻһŭһ׵ըͻȻҶ˶УҶ˶ʱͷĿѣҶһæ˰ԴסԼ˫ôһ˲īϬţѾǰȻһϬţǴ̵Դǰ

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һԣµ˵һ䡣


823 Ҷˣ

ɴ֮£ܰĲҽҼ紦ľʹõòֱӻȥֵĿҶû뵽ǰӾȻֱӾͽұ۸
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ܰΧЩ޶ʱΪǵıڣһ·ǶûʲôǿޡУ̸ܰ뽻£Ҳ˳͹ˡ
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ҶĬֵʵԦڵŮˣȥԳɽûʲôѶȡ
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Ҷ֣Ʒʯʲôڵģȫ֮ǰǿж뽣ڵľٴγ⣬ˣҪʯƣ
ŮҶ
ܰסҶüͷһ壬ôҪԼѣ
ܰعһҶܲĵóԼɽ䡣Ҷӹɽ䣬͸룬ĶʱҶǷһĨЦݡ滹нһǧ೬ƷʯڵҲһٶö
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ŮĿ֮У˼鳬Ʒʯȥ»ãΪͼˣܰȴ۾һ˼ı顣
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ҶͻȻܵҶǰȻôǽԼɵģУԼأҶǻ֮ˡûʲô鷳æѯˡ
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ҶЦЦ˵ꡭ˵⣬ҶͻȻͣϵЦҲǻ
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ҶʩչǽһͲҶԸΣ˵һĻԵΪȻǸ˵ġ
Ĺ֮УҶ֣εĽ츳ʵ֮ԵڻֻǽأҪΪȱʵս֮ս
ȦϻܻһֻҰҰ
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ҶĻƤһθĿ¶֮ɫҶҪ㡣
εı飬ҶЩЦҡҡͷ㿴ϣҲģֻһЩ飡˵ţߵһԣԥ£ȻȥҶҪֶԸûлֵأ
ЩĵĿԼ㣬ûѡȥ
ʮɣҶͣεĽ츳ֻܲԸʵЩ̫ˣҺʵսȥĽ츳ᱻĥ⣡
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ҶҡҡͷһΪͽңγɽ֮Ҿͻ뿪ҲܴңΣգӦף
ǣΣգ֮ŽիϣܹõŽիıӻϧﲻŽի˵Ҫ󡭡
ǸҶҵԵʣҶü
˵ͷǵƾһҶңƵĻҶһǲҵģǣҶҲ֪ô˶ϵɽׯϵɽׯǰҶңҸ޷⣡Ҹɽȥϵɽׯ棬ǡ
ȥԸҶϵɽׯҶͻȻ΢䡣
һæҡҡͷֻϣܹСΣ
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ʱͻȻһ̶ļţʮֻɫ޵Ҷͷ
ÿһֻ޵Ʒ
Ԧڵˣ
һԣʧ
ʦܰȴǴϲ
ܿ죬һʮ˳Ҷ˵ǰ
Ҷͫ΢ԵɫɲǼ
Ϊǻ߾


824 һն죡
ǻ߾⣬ʮҲȫ߾Ʒ
ݣöʱ֪ҶǿǣǲΪҶܹսʤһ߾ʮ߾ƷǿߡҪ֪Ҷʱ߾Ʒѡ
ɫҲЩѿԦУԷܷŹڶԷ³Բã
Ҷ˵ܰԣͬʱʳҶСԻ߾ǿߣһĽ뽣ãȻʩչնνܻصĺǴʱ˿̣Ļ˵ôࣿ
ĿҶһһɨܰϣܰұ۲ʱɫʱ˭ģ
ģ
Ҷʲõվ˳ƲˣҲûҪơ
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ɱҶǰʱɱʱʧӰ١ЦҶɱ˺ࣿߵɱ˵Сƣ
һĻһû뵽Լɱ⾹Ȼǰֻ߾ûãŭҪ֣ʱͻȻµֶ֣ŮɾҪˣ
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Ҷ˴󲻽⣬һ̣ͻȻܰڱϣ¡һ˿Ȼ󳯺ˣţ͵ؼӡ
ʱ˲ŷ֣ǼԭǼϸָĽɫСߣ
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ɫ䣬æó˼öҩԼȥʱܰȴѾߵԡ
ߵĶǻ߾ǿҲһܹܰ˵⣬ͻȻָҶԭԸģϧұסҲ䱸һֱûлᡣȻˣǾֻбСˣֻǿϧû뵽ϾȻôⶾĵҩ
ҶһУеĽɵȻɽܣ
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˵ţҶ΢Ȼתɽȥ
ܣЦһǿЦ˵ţҪ֡
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Ҷʣ⽣ȻǵףҲƷնνƿҪƷĽʩչһնνǿԵģֻ϶ףֻʩչһնν޷ӣ
ʺҶ̧ͷߣŽի콣棬ʥ߾µһ˾ңȷʵǲʩչնνΪ֪ʲôˣҲֻܳŽիŻƤϣܹԷˣ
ս֮ϲ߰
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Žիǰ׽˵ҪԦֻǵָ顣֪ҶǹŽիʱ߼жʱˣŽիĵӣǲ˫ֶʼˡ
ǹŽիģԼʦģܰæŽիӳŶϻŽիҽٶϣһϡԣǹŽիӣ
ܰĻߵϸҶҶȻһϡɫãܺãû뵽ϾȻ˸ðŽիĵӣò˵ĵӱĻҪ󣡡
Ҷס˽˵ʵһǿ춼նҪȥһҾͲˣԺ˵ʱ򣬲ȻһγҿܾҪˣ
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ߵ˴ЦܰжЩЦ⣬ȻҶ仰Ƕˡ
Ϊʲô˵ʵʱûأ
ҶҡҡͷԼЩʧܣϾѵöԼôʵ
ˣٶȽǺȥץ£
ֹͣЦȻҶϷһξдһΣʩչһϷ򿴿Ϸĺܺ棬ʲôһȻܹ춼ն飡
֮ǰĻĲǿˣҶ
ͰΣôϻŭ
Ҷһи׼Ȼʤ֮䡭
ãɣ˫ָϴŵЦݣһģ

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ߵ˵ͷҶʱһͻȻ֮ʮֻ޵һУܷӴܡţ߾Ŀ֮Уһ貵ĽâҶǹ֮͵رٽţһһ
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ʮܰʶ˺üʱҶУһͣһ·춼̸ܹľͣ
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ʮҲͣһŭԾܰκʦԦڵһŽիӣ㣬㴳㣡
ҲɫƵĿܰ
ܰҡҡͷ϶ǹŽիӣΪǹŽիӵĻֻҪóŽի֤Ǿ;ΪһֱûóҪһ㣬Ƿûڰν֮ĽˣңҸղŷЩڲ
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˼֮ǰ֮ԷŹǣǲɱǣɱˣΪʱڱɣ𣿡һ˳
ܰ˵ͷ֮ɫʵǿţԦһѣԣǱҪ
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ģϵˣ
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825 ʮ
ܰʮȥҶͻȻžžѪ˳ȫ˲Ⱦ졣
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Բ𣬶Բ𡭡βҡСԴˮ̡
֪Ҷ֮ԱҪԭΪΪҶʵҪɽ£ΪѡһߣҲΪԵʣҶ㻹Ҳһˡ
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ڹرգ֪Ҫôܿ²⣬ֻҪʵһ̶ȣ϶ܹ
ն֮Ҷ֪Լʵ̫̫ˣһҪһذϾŮ뿪⣬ҪŬǿǿûκܹв
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ڣ׷ǵЩȴûߣΪߵĻ类׷ˣ
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ε˵СԴȴûҶôɱߵģʱȻ֣ǱϾ˲ɵ
ΪҶڣ˳ɽȴûʲôǿޣҲû˦Щˡ»˵ɽڣҪ˦ԦڵˣʵԶǣȻǱɱǷԲ֮ڵһޣ
ΪɱЩޣЩ޶ΪԦڵߡ
Ԧȱ£ΪβŰҶʡ
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ҶƤһʥ߾ٴȼʮؽ⣬Ȼʩչնνܹʥ߾ǿ߶ԿȻһ״̬Կʥ߾ǿߣ˷֮뽣
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ʲôӦãҶüͷһ壬ɽڣǸоһ޵ǿϢϢǰʥǿ߸ӵеģҲʥ߾ģΪʥ߾ĻܸܲԷϢ
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𣿡ҶĿ⿴Զ۴಻ĸɽǴɽǹǿϢȻڣֻЩޣʶ뾫Щ⣬
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æ˵СԴóһҶ
Ҷӹ˹֮ڣȻתܰˣһܹնģĲŻǣ˭Ҫԣţ³Ҳ̫ң֮ǰǸͷһĲŻǡ


826 ôţôװ
ҶȻŻܰ˵ģȻһŻҲֻԼѣƣҪһӺŻһЩң˺һЩҲǲڰνˣΪڰһ϶ֱӾըƬ
ԣʱľװôţôװ
˵ҶҪνʱܰ鲻Խس˺ü֮ǰҶһĿֲǿۼģһ߾ǱҶһɱģܲɵη
ܰȻʱǿиɣǲη壡
ǿиɣ
Ҷһ΢һֱ̲񷡣Ҷǰ̤һмܰˣһһϣȫһϣ
ܰʮɫ΢䣬ֳǵС֮ǰҶһնɱ߾һĻʵֲ̫ˡΪһĻҶűܵļɵһ˿־塣
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ܰȻ˵ҲЩΪ֮ǰҶײֲ̹ġ
ԣҶʶŽвϲţеĽ·ʱҪһ㡣
ܰ亹ֳˣһ뵽֮ǰҶһնɱ߾һĻһЩ˾Ͳ̲סҪˡ
ܰȻҲЩɵǿԼ侲Ȼ룬ʵɱǣǷϻ֮Żǣ֤ʱǿиɣֻҪһ֣ܻɱ
ԣܰЩһۣܰ˵ҲЩʱҶȴǻǣܰɫٴһ䡣
Ҷܰˣһ֪Ҷʱ״ģ֮ǰ·߲˵ġҪȥҶȴǱסˡ֪ʱҶŻܰˣһȥǿɾǰˣ
ûɱ㣿
ҶĿܰϣһһܰȥܰȴǸоǽŲǲǵϣһȽҵѹȸӭ
ҶǰܰȴǲϺˣһԵÿĿɿڴ
ò˵ʱܰҪˣ֪ǰҶڹŪ飬ŻǣȻǰҳ֡ΪÿҪ֣Ҷ֮ǰһնɱ߾һĻͻ׵ĳС

ܰͻȻһŭóһ㶣ҶҲƤһͣ˽ŲĵŮ˲Ƿ˰ɣ
һͻȻܰڱҶɺ֮ɫ֮ǰһʱ䣬ʵܲˡˣѾͬھĴˣӿ
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ʱҲܰתͷȥֻһֻͷͬСɽľԳԳ;޴нʮߣ֫У֫ÿһأؾһ

ܰɫһףҲת񱼡ԦȻԦޣҲҪױޣǸԦˡңʱͷǴڷŭ״̬ȥԦǾģ
ˣܰû˿ԥѡܣ
ҶʱҲǾԳԳʱҶһ飬ԳǻʽףͣƤȫһǽڵľ磬޸һЩҲɱ˶ԷΪԷƤ̫̫ˡǼܹģ
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ԣҶɫһֱӿסµĲӣ·һǰǺƻȥǷңԼһӡԭΪ´ǳںģڿԷǳںģԷҲҪ
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ǴʱӦֶԵУʱͻȻȻµľٶ뻰ҲЩջ𣬵²ȻǺܻܿὫŭйϡ
Ҷ΢΢һ٣һֻۣǾԳѾԽԽ֣ƬɽȻܲʲôλø
ԳɽָܹɽбȽ׵͵ޣңǳȥˡξĿܣȻߵԣЩµסҶ½ǡ
Ѿ֪ͨǵǿߣǺܿͻʱͻȻҪģʱ䣡
Ϊʲô֪ͨҶ
ΪʱһûõƣЩ֪ͨضǵЩǵǿ߸ʱ϶ᾪԳҸûлơ
˵⣬ͣΪΧޡʱѾ޾ްΧˡ
࣬ƣȫʬ
ʱһһ֮л˳
˵Գ
ô죿Ҷ
ƻָЩҶ
´ϲȻʱͻȻоԼһֻҶסӣҲϲвĿʲôΪֹɣ
˵ţҶ͵


827 ĹŽիӣ
ס֣
ʱͻȻһŭţһڳһҶ˫΢УֲָһУһɫָ䡣룬ҶһݣΪȻûмס֣ȻڣԼɿָͷ뻹
һ߳˳С
Լʮ꣬ݷǷ߷ӣֻϲ԰˵ϣһֻƤʵĺɫף֮ϣʮ롣
ߣȫǻ߾ǿߣ
ô࣬Ҫ֣
Գɨ˰һۣż֮ɫ
ӿһҶȻתԳǲԣǱػԳһ
ˣȻ֮ǣԳ
΢΢ͷȻҶλ̨ɷȷã
ï꣡
ʱһԵͻȻָŰӣ֮ɫ
ïꣿҶ΢΢ü
ҶԵ͵ï꣬ǷԲʮţΪǵһԶʮ;̤߾ˡҪǣյƺԺ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ƺԺ˰׽˿ǹŽի˵Ҫ󣬱Žիй֮޲
߾Ҷһï꣬߾ƷҾܲȶʱܵ䵽߾
̨
ï˼ȻҲ֪¾ʲǫ̨̂£֮£Ըе
硭
һҪ˵ʲôïȴ΢΢ҡҡͷ£ֳ֪ңǣôΪǴֵ֮ġó黹Գ

ͻȻļᶨ磬ֻҪڶȥֻҪָʵܹƺԺֻҪƺԺ˧Ҳô
ʱïһҲүС˵ĶԣֻҪ㲻ǾձδҲٴ֮ʱԳȻǻʽ۷壬˵ʵȫҪ
𣿡ԳЦһǷŨŨм֮ɫ
ïҡҡͷ츳ָһҶᰲģĲʵߣУԼ츳ǰ;ԶԶҪ£֪Ҿ飬ûܹı䣬Ѻƽɣ
磬ΨһĻˣʹı˫ۡ
Ƕˣһк壿ïҡҡͷ
³Ĭãգһһϴİɫ̳Сֺ̳һֻ̳֮һţˬ
رҶиǳ˻ȣһ̳ʲôƣģԼ̤߾ָ˵һﵽʽ޵Ľױʵ˵ͳˣ
ʱ»ǱסģֻҪһܹջǷˣΪ֮ô죿һЩۣкܴܹܵȴǿ϶ܲģ
ԳһУǺƶʱУе̳ӣԳɫΣͻȻ̧ͷ£һ˿ɱ⣬࣬㾹Ȼʱ͵ƵĺƣŻȥԳδ棿
˵ţԳҪ֣ʱïߵµǰïԳȷʵǲԣ˵ţһӣһöɽԳǰгƷʯǧʽڵһţһ㱡񣬻ԳЦɣ
ҲЦأԳɱⲻһ͵ߺƣһһ߾࣬Ǵȥĸ飿
ïǴҾʯ٣
вңԳɱʵʡ
ïǻɱԳ㣬ǣҪشػɽǿԵġԳӦҲˣ֪жǿǿ߻㣬ʱǺǡ
Գï꣬Σ࣬Ҽסˣ˵꣬תȥ
ԳıӰҶ˼
ԳߺïתҶ̨ڿԷ𣿡
һǧƷʯҶ
ʲôïһŭ
ҶסµĲӣ΢΢ͽïˣŮˣκҲȥǰңвңٺ٣ô̫ʵ˵Ϊ¸鷳Ů˵ͷժˣ
ңߴŭ
ҶǷһĨҪ𣿡
˵ïȴֹȻһӣһöɽҶǰҶҲɽ䣬ȻȡĳƷʯͿʼԡ
һĻïһ飬ȻҲô뵽ҶȻóƷʯԡ
ƷʯѾ㣬ǲǸ÷ǼС㣿߳ɱ
㵱Ұ׳𣿡ҶڷȻһӵϣ
ô
һӣ˵ţҶóƷʯԼȥ
̨˲׵ʵƻĵشӦǺǣȴδ̨ѵ̨ģïȻ
Ҷһï꣬ʵ츳ܲϧӡǰһܾһϾ㻹Ƚ˳ۣڣѱˡԣֻรˣû˵٣ǰĺڣΪԷһ㶾أǸûʲô⡣
ҶĻï˽ɫ΢䣬¸ǽһ㣬ܹҸڵĶأ
ǰܣҶ
ȾҸ磡¶֮ɫԸ⸶κδۣ
Ҷҡҡͷѱ
»˵ʲôïȴǵ£ˣʱҲҲ
㵹ǿĿҶ
ÿҲҪҲҪȻˣΪҪѡʹĹأϾԼʣʱ䲻ˣ޵ʱôʹ̫࣬޴ˣï
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵ˵ţҶɿ£ָµɡΪʱѾ߾Ʒ޸Ѿָ
Ҷɿ£߾Ҫ֣ȴס֮ǰһնɱ߾ǿߣ
µĻï߽ɫ΢䣬ЩĿҶ
ݣ
ʱͻȻһ⣬ţһ£ɫϻӳ˵С
Žի
ʧ
ʮˣû뵽ھȻֳ˸ðҹŽիˣ˵㻹һޣ˼ϣ̫Ȼʱ˷ѵֵ̫ˡһ
£ֻͻȻ콣Ӱ
ؽ⣡߾
ʵСɲǼѩס


828 ҾǹŽիӣ
Ӱһ㣬ܲ͸ĳҶֶȥ
˶֪ЩӰʵõģɱоЩӰڣǣ˶ĽӰһɱУ
˵Ŀ֮УҶǰ̤һȻֲָǰ΢΢һ㡣
ˣ
һ̶Ľͻأڳ쳹˾Ŀ֮У콣ӰȻɢȻ¶һǱĽȴǱҶָţ
ԭأǹŽիӡ
Ҷָ΢ǱһţԶͫһ㣬㾹ȻĨ֮ϵ
飬ŽիڳΪŵӺ󣬶Եڣ񽣣ֻҪҵԼʵĽԸ⣬ôǾͻὫڵڣԼҹҹԴԼ뽣ﵽںϣҲ໥֮佨ϵ
֮佨ϵô˾ͿԽһ̶ϵԼһ֣һǷӳʵȻҪǿࡣ֮𾪣ΪҪĨһ뽣֮ϵǷǳѵġ
ܹģֻҪ㣬һǶԷʵԶˣǽ
Ҷ˿еĽԼĳߣֻһָ⻬˸ɭ亮⣬Ľ֮УãҲڶ˵ǺãϾ⽣ô˵Ҳǵס
㾿˭ӿҶû֮ǰǰӣȡ֮һ˿ء
˵ǹŽիӣʱһͻȻ
˾Ŀȥֻܰʮ˳߻ܰҶɱˣҶٱˡ
ӴһҶȻ㲻ǹŽիӣ

ܰͻȻЦָһԵˣûУҶðŽիӣ֤ȷ䣬ЩйϵˣȫҪرңӽϾˣҲܲ
ýɫ䣬ŽիʵɲǿЦģҪңǸóֻ֣Ҫ˵仰Ҿͻҷ
죬Ҳ֪ðŽիӣ
ʱͻȻ˵ˡҪ˵ʲôȴǱ󣬲һݺݵصһۡ
ҶһΣһۣû˵ίĿǸΣĻġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʾģȻһԵ¡
˵ԵïȴǺȻ£λ̨ȷʵʶѣǳ֮£Ȼ˵Ĺȴܶ
Ҷһï꣬лᣬһ
ܶ⻰˵ĺܺãӺȻֻǿϧܾȵܰ˵֮ǡ
ӵĻµɫһףҪ˵ʲôʲôҲû˵ҶȷʵѣȴȹΣʱƲҶ֮Ĺϵδ̫ˡ
Ʋ壬γܵŽիŭ
ޱȾˡ
һӣ
ʱҶͻȻӣʵ
Ƿ壡ӵ
֪һģҶ
˫΢Уµ㻹ƭҹŽիӣǿЦ
ҶͻȻȻȵ콣洫ӣ˵㲻ʦҲΪʦ֣ǰȴﲻգ˵Ҫʦѵѵ㣬֪Ϊʲôô죡
˵ţҶǰһֻ̤һҶ˲Ѿӵǰţһֱü䣬ٶȼ죬籼ס
Ӵ󾪣һӣгһȻֱֱҶĽҪӴһʱҶĽͻȻ΢΢һƫȻһΪĽǶȴӽĲ棬һӳ΢΢һ䣬һһ̣ҶĽȴͬһǰ
ͫһҽ͵̤أӰ
£ӰȻʧԭأٴγʱѾʮɿ⣡
Ȼոصһ̣һͻȻĳǰӾҽٴ͵һ̤ʧԭأֻһΣʧԭʱһʺҺԭվλ
Ҷսû׷俴Ѿʮɿӣһףʲô򣡡
Ѿ𾪵Ļ˵ˣرܰˣû뵽ŽիĵӾȻҲҶĶ֡ңҶ֮ǰʵִˣ죬
һԵµҲǱ𾪵ˣӿǹŽիĵӰұ绹߾ǰؽ⣬Ȼֻ߾ƷǣʵǶһЩ߾ǿҲսʤ˰
Ҷȴ׾ٵľսʤ
ŮĿҶԭǾԼѾҶʵʵȻǷ֣ҶҪصĶ࣬ҲҪǿĶࡣ
ΣڿҶһʱʱ˵ĻȴǱݺݵص˼ۡ
ӵͷ˿Լǰǰһʮֵ˺ۣѪ˺һᣬǰ·ͱȾ졣
һ̧ͷҶкâһ콣壿콣ΣǷʲôʱֵ콣ָֻˣ䣬Ľϻ΢΢һһ𡭡
ӲָҶ͵һ㣬ȵף
䣡
ͷͻȻܲţһ׵绮Ƴգʽ״Ҷȥ׽ٶȼ죬޴ڼҶĹУһ׵βͣռ𵴵ľƺޱȡ
Ҷ˫΢Уһӣгֶһǵ׽
ƣ
Ҷ£ҶĽǵ׽ײһ𣬽ţ˵Ŀ֮Уǵ׽ǾһȻڿкȻѡ
⻮ҶǱɻҶǰҲţƺ˷ܡˡ
ôܡ
֮ɫǵƷұ˾ųԲ¾ǻ߾Ҳ׽ǰ˾Ȼ׾ٵľȥˡ
𾪣һԵµˣرŮδҶȻ˵ǿ
ʵ
µˣܰǾˣΪҶʵֲ̫ˣǹŽիӣǣʵ⽣츳ҪΪŽիӣʲô°
ʱҶͻȻеĳȥ𱰲֣Ƿǲ֪ȴʷգҾҹŽիŻ
㡭ҹŽիӣ
ɫЩѿ


829 Ҷƣ
ݣ˵ĽҹŽիӻҪǿģ
ҶһһȥϻеĽĻ£ǽ·һ㣬һ
ΪβҹŽիݽƣ
ӳ
Ц
Ҷͣ˽ŲЦҹŽի䣬һѽԡŽƣɽ˶ҵȹŽիĴ澴ηǿЦΪŽիӣҵ̣ҵĿɽ
˵ţҶͣ˽ŲָָһԵܰˣֵʣ㲻ǹŽիӣǷ㣿
ӳĬ˫ֽգָġ
Ҷֵħϻ֪ȥ㻹
Σ˵Ŀ֮УͻȻҶ΢΢һ񣬵лʦָ㣬

һƬȻ˵ҲζţҶĹŽիӡ
ʵ˵ҶǹŽի²ûôԽܣΪҶĽʵֲ̫ˣݣҶֽţŽիôܻŹˣڼӳҶǹŽիʱŮзȻ
磬ԼȫΪһư
ҶҲ΢΢һʱȻ߾Ʒǽȴûлָҽ뷨֮ʹãҪ֪ʩչǷ֮ǿɶǼΪģĿǰھʹý뷨֮
ˣǰǵƴһսĻܹʤҲҪصĴۡ
ԣԦȥ콣ûһҶĵӡһԵܰͻȻң콣˵ĵӣôֻĬĬ
ԣüͷһ壬һĻҶ˫΢Уֽ˽е
ʱֵܰʵҪ֪ǲǹŽիӺܼ򵥣ֻҪʦַһȥ콣ʣһ鲻ˮʯˣ
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˵ţһӣһŽɫ𣬽ɫӭ籩ǣһǽɫ͸ʹÿռ䷺һ
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οҶҶɫ򶨣жʱЩ
üͷ΢壬ΪŮЩԾˣҶǹŽիӣô϶ʲô֤ģҶȴ˿ûҪ֤˼ҪôҲζҲڻҶݡ
ܰЦſҶҶͷ·ڿһˡɷϣҶȷʵǿΣǿܹŽիֻҪ֤ǹŽիӣʥ߾ǿҲɣ
Žիϲð
ΣһͻȻǽɫ쳹𣺡ǣ˵֮£֪콣岢ûһҶĵӣ
ԣɫһ䣬ȻҶɱ֣һԵܰǷЦҶˣˣйϵ˶ˣ
һ̣ܰҶɱʦֱۣܹβˣ
һԣɫҲǴ䣬˼ĿҶθŵСҰֽ
Ҷ˽еĽҪ֣ʱǽɫִ֮Ȼ콣ûһλҶˣǣڲǰȷʵһλӣֻǲ֪ǲ˵λҶ
ԣҶʱͣȻǽɫܰЩˣǽɫʲôµ顣
һλӣʡ
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ҶװʲôװװʲôװܰͻȻŭƾʲô˵ǹ˵ĵӣƾʲô
ˣˣʱǽɫִ֮ȻҲ֪Ҷǲյĵӣ֪һ㣬ǾյĵӾ˵ǽͨҶǽͨӦþյǵˣ

ܰٴδЦоǷ񣬡Ҷǽͨ𣿹
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ܰŭͷˣ㻹װ˵ϷȫݼҶݼǾˣ
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˵ϣҡҡͷȻҶһ񣬵Ǽʦ֣֮ǰЩԼĽΪλҶвһȫˣΪҶǽͨˣĽŻô׵ıƵ
Ҷָ󣬳ں֮ϣǵ֪Ϊβ¶Լ˰ɣ
ǿЦŵ˵ͷﻹ֪û֮ǰ콣˵𣿹ҶݣΪҪҶһˡڵãԼȴƵݱ¶Ҫù֪Լ֪жң
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ߣ
ǳһ̣һͻȻŭȵܰ˷ӦҲæԼٶ˼£Ųͬķȥ
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Ҷ˵ͷȻһǣгƷʯԽԽã
΢΢һȻóһöɽ䣬ָһɽɵҶǰ˽һǧٶöƷʯϣʦа
Ҷɽ䣬΢΢һЦлձض˫
ȻҹŽի־ŷ壬ǴվһˣʦѣʦܵȻӦóǵȻǸᣬǾ͸ˣʦʱ䣬Ƿһۡ
ҵ顭
Ҷδ˵꣬Ǿ͵ףʦַģ֮£һȥκ˵
Ҷԥ£Ȼ֪Ͽɷе׵Ҳ֪ʦڸ콣ԡ
ԥ£ȻĽϻϻڳҶǰǵƷδҽϵÿʦ֡
ҶЦԽã֣һȱ
һԵζЩȥˡ


830 ҶҪ
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ײ
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Լô𣿡
æܵǣҶҡҡͷȻתߵǰеһƷݸΣģ
лл
ҲֱùȻһ裬Сϲ֮ɫ
ԭ̨ǹŽիӣҲǣֻйŽի̨ܹ㽣ţʱïȻ֮ǰѾ̨֮˵ˣ飬ȷʵ²ԣ˵ţóһöɽ䣬Ȼ󵯵Ҷ棬˽֮ڻһǧƷʯ̨Цɣ
Ҷӹɽ䣬Ȼһ£ţָһöɽַɻïǰһǧƷʯҾͲҪˣһæ֮˽ˡ
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ï˵ͷСһ׮
ҶκȻ㣬Ҫ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷЩҪȥģ鴦ˣһġ
οһҶû˵ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻߵǰεԴǰΣԽСԼյˡ
յˣϦ밲Ͼˡ磬֮ԲüϣϾ֪ѾˣȻ
֪ºðգΪ½ԪҲ磬֪ϢԷһ᲻ϧһдԣ֮ҪָԼʵ
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磬ǹŽիӣҶߺºȻԵïꡣ
Ҫï츳ѾԽŽիˣ㲻ǹŽիӣҪΪŽիҲʲô¡ңϣҸܵһļµĸоˣضһĺ֮
ͬص˵ͷ֮ǰҪɱң
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磬ж϶һĨŭ֮ǰѾ˵ġ
ïЦЦû˵ֻҲһ˿֮ɫҲ֮ӡȴһθģ

Ҷ뿪ε˺һĵط֮ǰõô೬ƷʯȻҪȫյȻԼľ硣
֮ѡ뿪εˣĿľΪʵ֮⣬һԭǾվǼðĹŽիӣǹŽիˣεδᱻǣԣ뿪εˡ
һ鳬Ʒʯϱ£ڽïõгƷʯպҶľͻƵ߾
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ʱ߾ŷ֣˵жôء̽£֣ļ֯Ѿѿ
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ҶüͷҪ֪ʱǱȰʥ޶Ҫǿģ̶ֳ£һ˺ûãȻȴǷԼѾ̱ˡ
Լôģ
һϵҶȴʲôҲ벻ףˣԲȥ룬רĵĿʼ޸
ʱҶվȻǰһȭȭͷ֮ǿֱӽǰĿռŤһУ
ǰһĻҶǷһĨЦݣҴʱȻʽƷޣڣ㲻ýҲܹսʤԳ˵⣬һͷͻȻҶУǺһͲǷҳǺƣ˵ܹ߾Ʒ
߾󣬷һ⣬ǾڵҪһʵҪʯҪö
ǵģ֮ǰҪüĳƷʯûн֮ǰҪΨһİ취ǳԳƷʯʲô̺ıǺƣɾһܺõı
뵽ҶһԳɽȥ
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ȻӰŮӱѹƣҶɫȴһֱûзɣΪԷʵ̫ˣԷƾõȻѹ˶ԷȴûиԷʲôʵԵ˺
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ԺǣͽҶһҶˣǣӽԺ󣬿ܾҪҶˣ

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835 Ѫɱ

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ҶȥʱҶһĨ⣬ʶġյʱԻһˣʱֻΪ˵һ仰ͱǰ͵һţʱͱߵķˣ
Ҷ꣬һǵ㣬Ҷǡ±ȽϹƽһţھͻһţұ֤һ֮Ͳ鷳
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ҶҡҡͷתͷΪʲô޸ɫˣ˵ģС˵ģǼ޸޸ңȻѿ˵㣬ٱһǿ

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һ߷ҶԴҶ͵һתһȭǵ׹ʱɢҶǰߣȫǻ߾ǻ߾Ʒ

һڼҶĲ״󣬶ʱĿѣһ˫֮˳תҶǷɱ⣬ɱ㣬ҶĲΪˣ
ԵҲɫһ۴ɱĿҶ
ʱͻȻŭȵүү󲮣壬ڻҪСԺ󣬽Զң
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836 ֣ܴһٸ
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837 ôô
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涪ŵӵҶͻȻɱĻŵӣûɱ㣬ģΪұػϱŸ߲㡣
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һҶûˣ߾ʵҪƾԣֻҪգܹﵽҪﵽĿģûУڶŵӶĺ֮һˣǾ󻼵ģҶʵܹɱһ߾ǿߣ֮ǰǣûɱҶңѡܣ
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ΪɱͻȻϮҶûжȻҲûûȥᵵذףһȭɱĸ

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ҶսɱͣĿҶ֪ʱҶжһ

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ҶֱӴӵĻ£Ѿӵǰٶȿ쵽ӶûعͱҶס˲ӡ
ס֣࣬ɱҶҪ֮أ
ʱһŭڳ
ɱ㿴
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842 ǲ
ǲ
ӵĲֱӱŤϣ
˻
뺿

һŭһͻȻҶǰȻһȭҶԴͺ˹ȥ
Ҷûѡͬһȭ˹ȥ
飡
ȭͷײһը죬ռѳϸСѷ죬˸Գź˼ʮ
ž֮ɫû뵽ԼȻһ߾ˣҪ֪ǻʽƷ
ˡ
˵ʲôҶȴֱӳǰȻ͵ؾһȭ˹ȥһȴǷŭҲûжͬһȭҶ˹ȥ
飡
紺ը죬ȭͷһӴ˿Ȼһ̣ҶȴٴϣȻһȭͷ˹ȥ
顭
һҶ߽ȻʮϢʱ䣬ȭͷȴѾϰٴΡһʼ˲£Ǻܿ죬·ˣΪҶûڸӲӲˡ
ҶûиӲӲ߾ķ֣ÿһεĹҶ·ǰ֪ƵģˣüαҶȭͷУǿӲͦˡһȴǱѹƵģ
ɱ
ʱͻȻŭߵ£ΧЩȫҶΧ˹ȥ
ƾ㣿
ҶһЦһ۽ߣȻһȭߣ΢æһȭӭȥʱҶǷһĨţһҶȭͷ֮һȻ󡭡
͡
ӭҶȭͷߵȭͷֱӷ˳ȥ

һҽУһ̣ҶѾǰȻһذ׺ĺ
Щʱͣڲǰһ
࣬ģŭȴǲҶԼĨ˵ӡ
ģ
ҶЦһôΧңҲ˼˵ģ
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˵ʲôҶȴûϻֱذһӣߵһ첲ֱӷ˳ȥ
࣬
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ҶٴһӣһһֻұҲ˳ȥ
࣬࣬࡭
߲ϺţǺܿ죬вˣΪҶֱӿסĲӣȻٴһӣߵһֱӷ˳ȥ
˫ԲѪ˿һΣŨŨľ֮ɫһԵЩŵĳˡ
ҶҪٴλʱһͻȻɽ࣬Ӯˣ
Ҷ̧ͷԶɽҪһ
ĬΣɽ֮Уڴˡ
͡
Ҷذ͵һӣͷֱӷ˳ȥҶƬɽԭɽʲôȻҲҹŽի֮£
࣬ЩôߣɽڵЩ
ôߣ
ҶЦһһһϣ㲻Ҫڴ𣿺ãҽﲻˡŵ֮ǰ㿴ܲɱԭɽޡȻǰʥҲԳ֣𣿡
˶ǹŽիӣƤȻҪúóġȻûйŽիƤҲɽλ˧
ڵʵǿϸһЩۣʥɱ
࣬Ϊۣɽڵ˧һ˿ɱ⡣
壿ܴ壿ҹŽիŵ£˵ҹŽիۣ
Ҷ˵꣬гһӣǰһٶƥֱӺʬ

ɽڴһŭţһֻ˺ѿռ䣬ʳҶݺ
ŷ
ʱһŭڳȻһҶǰռֶȻֻ֮ϣ͡һֱֻӱг룡
Žի
ɽͻȻһ
ҶҲɫأΪǵģ˺ѿռ䣬͵ġؽʱܹڵԶԶСԷǸ߼ʥĽޣ
ǹϹյĵӣϼһ۹ܲʦڱչ콣ʱ޷˼㡣ȻҵȲ֪ΪҪŷͻģҹŽի֮£еҲ֣ҹŽինġСӣֻҪҹŽիҹŽիˣ
һǿռѷ֮дܿ죬ռѷϲ
ҶЩˡŽի϶ǽǹ˵ĵˣˣԷŻֱҪţǾͱصŽի
Ϊʲô
ҶʵҲףʱѾ֮ˣڣǹŽի֮ˡϵŽիӡŻص˹Žի֤һŽիŽիӣűһŵĵУǱȻǹŽի
˵ǹŽի֮ĽΪⳡĹؼ㡣
ǰǹŽիǿߵĻףҪţͱصŽիΪŽիӣ
һ··ߣΪ£ſ϶еĳš
鷳һ鷳ǾԼǹŽիĵӡ
ŽիҪ֪ðĹŽիӣ֪Ǹɶ顭
ҶЦЦջ˼ʱûбѡΪҪȥŽի½ġ
Ҷ˽еĽȻŽƬɽ
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Ҷƺ׼ưոݣɽ֮е˧ǿ֮дһ˿ŭ⣬ȴǼɵ
㲻Ҫھ£ⲻ𣿡ҶЦ
ĬΣɽ֮д˧ȻǹŽիӣҵȻ㣬ˣ
˵߾ߣ
Ҷҽ͵һ̤棬һһ⣬ҪҲ⣬һͲˣ
࣬岻Ǻ۵ģ˧
ҹŽի
˵꣬ҶһɱȺ֮УȻ󳤽ӣһƥƥֱӱг롣
࣬ס֣
ɽ֮˧
ȻҶȴû˿Ҫסֵļƥڳ䡣
һöڵɽ޵
ҶͣؤһöʽڵȻҾԼȡ
һö˧᣺Ϊʯͷ࣬Ҹ㣬㲻Ҫôߣ
˵ǲɣҶ
ʮöʮöҵļޣ˧
ʮҶ
ʮ˧ЩҪԸ⣬ɱɣɱپɱ٣
ʮöʽڵһöڵҪּۻۣھɱ㿴Ҷ
˧Ĭ
ݡ
һڳһǼʮƥʬ
ǲ
ҶеĽҲâԽ˸š


843 Ҷ
࣬Ҽˣ
˧£ʮöʽ޵ڵһöڵҶǰ
£
ҶЦһģұصŰݷã
˵꣬ҶڷϻǰڵȫȻתصƾϡһ˲˲ĿҶЦЦ֮ǰôôңǲǾر
æ˵СԴԵҲ΢΢˵ͷ
֮ǰҶɱȺɱλв˧һĻ˵Ƿǳ𺳵ġ
һ̣ҶԽˡ
һҶǴһ˿ɬĵЦǰǰΪСεԵʣֶΣҿѾ֪ٴΣ
ҶĹȥһ㶼˽⣬ദʱ֪ҶһĺˣرǶԵ˵ʱԣʱĺңΪҶкøУ˵˵ζᱻۣ
ڣҶóǶʮöʽڵһöڵ
һöʽڵ̺֮ľ൱ǧųƷʯڵ൱һǧҡǵļֵԶҪһŻʽڵҪһöƷʯϣܻмУ
Ҷ˵ͷȻڵʯôյĻʵЩ˷ѣҲ޵ڵⶫɲʯǰûʲôζڵŨŨζŰ
ȻҪʱ˳߾
ӰŮ˵ΪһӣɳߵҲ˵ֻ߾ߡﵽ߾Ŀɾǻ߾ǿˡ߾ʵȴûжôΪվǲܹʹģ
ˣԼԼָʥס
߾Ķ֣ܱȻ߾ֺöԸⲻ˵ŵĻ߾ߣԼĿģǾǽôȫĵطȻ½
ҶóǧöƷʯȻʼա
⣬òš
㣬˵һ᲻£αֱۣʵ
ĿͶԶҵķȻñãǣǱϾǵļңܹ˵͸᣿
ҲѶϵˣܿջԼ˼ȻǰҾүүҵ˼֮ǰ飬ҳ׵ˡ֮ңеҵĹһ˸üֵԥİ㶪ȥ֮ԺҲǽõļˣ
γĬãȻ㣬ԺҪȥ
εԴĽ츳ܲǰûָ˱ûԣҪŬȻŽիֻ˹ŽիҲܹġ
ԥһᣬȻ㣬ҪҪǾ͸Ҷɣòã
ҡҡͷСΣԺҪ뷨
Ϊʲôβ
ǣֻ֮еһͶѡ
ʵǻһóҶβûŮУеֻǸõָ顣ҲһΪθҶҶˣ̫ΣաңҲԼܹסҶ
ҶˣǲҪڷɾģ
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㣬ôôδܣʱһƬ֮Уֹïܣ¹ֻ͸϶һ㣬ˣеĿɼЩֻͣܿһģĴų
Ƭ֣Ǿܴﵽǣ˲ǽǣ
˵йŽիŵ·ףǺܺ棬صܹ
ʱһͻȻž֮𣬽ţһŮӳõС˵ǰһССġ顱֡
ƺԺ
û뵽ǰ˾ȻƺԺˣ
ڼʱΪ׵۾һû뵽ƫƧĵطȻλŮӡ˵ţǰһ΢΢һ񣬵ƺԺѧ麣λӣ
Ӳҵд󣬵ƾԣȻһ񣬵üֹӡ
麣һΣȻЦе֣֪⳵ڵҶǺιϵ
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˵ȴͻȻҶŮˣ˵꣬С΢΢һ졣ȻСɵǰ˿ܲȻҲ֪Էʲô⡣
һΣ΢΢ҡҡͷȴûзζóȻҲó麣ĿģֻԷƺԺģԷ
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˵ǣ
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麣ЦѧнҪȡҶԴھɱ
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̧ͷԶǸһ̧ͷֻһӰȻ˾;Լһ
Ҷס֣
ʱԶĿռͻȻһȻһǿռ˳ҶǲԣҲŽի֮飬㽫ǽңҽǴƺԺϳͣ
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Ҷ֪ʲô
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844 Ҳ
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ҶĿջأǰŮӣҶǷһĨЦݣʶʱ񣡡
ŮӾֵĿҶǱģΪ߾ǰҶһľ磬ȻȴǷ֣ԼҶǰ֮ûС
Ůнӹɽ䣬Ҷɿ֣ŮӶʱ̱ڵϡҶߵǻδ麣ǰʱ麣ҲڿҶʱŮһǾ֮ɫ
һƷʯҳ
ʱӳ
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˵꣬Ҷ͵ؾһ麣ֱӷɳǧԶ

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ʥǿߣһǸ߼ʥǿߣ
ߴһҶȻ֮ǰϹֵ˵һӣԭΪڴţڿȷʵһӡ
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Ȼߵ
ҶɿӣǰӣôҪǰȥúһƺԺһˣ鷳ԣöʯȻˣͻزȥˣ
ȻţߵƺԺһˣƺԺ֪磬ʲôˣ죡
һȥʶҶ
ƺԺ㣡
˵꣬һӣӻҪŮʧԭء
ֱǿˣ
ʱӰŮӳ˳С
ȥŵˣҪɱңɵģֲ˷ʱ䡣Уˣöʯң
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Ҷ˼ƾȥǺӰŮԭվòȥ
Ҷ㻹߾ƷΪʲôо֮ǰࣿ
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ƽɫ΢䣬һۣһ˿ءΪ֮ǰǳȥԦڵһ߾ƷߣԷȴֱӱɱˡ
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ҶһԵƽУֻǽ·ѣǵ飬û֣
ƽҶΣȻ

ʱһͻȻ𣬽ţһ߳˳С˲ǱˣǵߵҶս
Ҷս֣֣ǿ֪˭˻شֵ֣ɱԦʮ߾һ߾ˣŮֱܰҲǴ˿ȥ֣ĶӾǴɱ
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ಡ
һɫڳһԦϵɽׯĵӶʱʬ
ģŮˣҲģ
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845 Ҳв̣
˳Դȥֻһֳֺɫǹĺ̤նÿһνŲ£ռ䶼Ϊ֮һ·ܲĽŲһ㣡
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΢΢˵ͷȻһԵҶŵ·ףΪŵӣܲ
ջѩЩ㵵ĿҶǸŽիӣ
Žիӣ
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㻹һˣЦģҲֱɱ㣬һۿŮ˵³һ֪ŵʲô³
ҶŲм֮飬ӦȭͷȴãŮ˵¡Ŷֻɫֻ˵һһһ˫
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һ˲ҶʼǰߣߣϵѹԽԽأûͣ½ŲˣԽԽ죡
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873 ߴ½ˣ
ϱеĵҲڵΧĿռ侹Ȼǲǲ˿ȻԼٶȳӶȥһϢʱϱҶΧĿռȫѿһϸСѷ졣
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ҶĬΪŮ˵ȷʵԣ˵ģ϶ҪʥϵģʱпĻùŽիʥ
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Σ޳ҡҡͷӦף޾⣬ûô״ﵽʹô׽ҲСȻҹŽիǰЩˡУҲûô򵥣֮취Щϼһｻɡⱻգ飬㲻ã⽣ҪԲ˶ߣ
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ѷԽԽ죬ԽԽ࣬һϢʱ䣬ҶΧɷΧڵĿռǶ˿ؽѹ£Щռ侹ȻûлָӦ˵ָļ
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һһεĹ£ҶȻδܣȴѾȫ·磬һѹƵüûл֮

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ϵĻȾ˿һۣǷһĨЩԺѧҲĵĿһۣȻԶһЩ
ҶȻȫѹƣУǷǳģΪҶֻǻ߾ѾǸ߼ʥ
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Щʥǿ߶ҶۣȾɫһ䣬ٴθֵ֮ɫЩ߿ɶԺǿߣǶҶ񶨣ζҶƸ
ԺͷҶΣȻ֪֮ǰһ㲻õҪĶΪԺԵõԺཱΪԣЩ㲻ҪʧȥһҪԭøĴۣ
Ҷҡҡͷͷ֪Щ𣬵ȴԼˡԺѧӵԺѧͲճţǽǣ˵Ϊڼ̤ԺѧԺϲͷ뽫ʱ»СС»ˡ
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ԣҶƤһԺϰû飬һ꣬ʲôЦ˵һ꣬һ궼У
ҪʱԺȴǸᣬһӣһεĽֱסõȫܶţҶǰһŤȻƾʧԭء
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ȷʵ򵥣
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Һܺ棬ΪʲôҪԺϰѵҪȥμʲôԺĴȣҶ
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˵⣬üͷʥʥԶڱ磬˵ûɶǳֵģƫƫȴǳˡһ֣Һܲ⣬Ҫ֪֮䣬һ໥Ӽɵģ
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һ˼ûҶ˵ģڣҶǶûгֵ˼ǣÿζҪҡһΣǲǾҪ˶ʵǿ۸ҵѧˣ
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˵ţָȾˣҪ۸ǾֻԼȥŬǿȥҿɽҪҿɽھȥʥ߹ʱǲǿȫɱˣ
Ҷ
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Ҷ
׼˵ʲôҶæͣҴˡ˵ЩҾеΪѧȷʵҪѹ붯ʲôҪȥǽȷʵ޷ɳԣԺҲڰǳͷˣ
ҶĻһҶһ˿⣬Ȼû뵽ҶȻϴҶָáΪǵ˵ġ
䡭
ʱǽͻȻҲɫһ䣬һ˳ǽ
ҶҲ˳ǽȾҲϡ
£һ޼ʵȺЩȺеĺСܶȴǺܴн֮ߣﵽ˳ǽһĸ߶ȡְ֮ߵǺֻܶ࣬аÿһǸ߼ʥף
ǶԳǽɵ˺ҲǼΪֲģÿһεײóǽѺۣ
ιģҲңȻҶ
ʲôģҶ
ȱԺɱ޶࣬ԺɱĶ࣬ڵΪƾ֤ΣʱΪһ죡
ùƽ𣿡ҶԺѧԶԺʵҲԶԺôȣԴ㶺˲Żģ
ԺɱһͷޣҲңдһ˿ơ
ҶһȻעʲô
һеȫ㱼ƺǣŮΪӮһеϴʮ¿㣡ҶҲңҲң
Ҳң
һȺûʲôѪˣôң
ҪҪɱһͷһͷô
Ժѧʱȴû˸ҿҶǶƵĿҶˡ
ϴ󣬴ӦǸӰ
ӦǸˡ
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˫ͲֱۣԺƣҶܵˣʱ
Ҷ˵ĻǷһĨЦݣȺ׹䣡
£ǽ֮ϵԺӶʱ˫ֽӡܿ죬˵Ŀ֮УվȻһ貵壬ǣǧ֮࣡
һ̣ǧȻ׹䣡
䣡
·ǧ޵
Ҷסˣ֮ǰСӦе˵ĺ˧齩Ӳסˡ
ҶҲɫЩȻΣתź˧ˣǴӦģҿûϵ


909 η壡
ϴ󣬿취ɣȻҪȥ㱼ˣ
˧ЦҲЦǸû뵽ԺѧǸν󷨾ȻôϬȻ˵ɱһͷͷͷҲҴӦ
ҿɲϴ·˫ߵҶԣ취
Ҷһ˲Ȼָ·Ⱥȥ
ȥ
һ㶣Ȼ·һۣȺʱͷƤʱһ顣
˧ЦЦϴûЦɣ
Ҷ󷨣ڳǽϾɱޣûУҪɱޣͱȥȻǲңǴҾֱͶȻȥ㱼ɡ
ȥ
ʱ޽վ˳ɨȺԺһۣȻɲЩ˵ϴ˵ţɨһۺ˧һۣҪǶˣͱԥˣˬ㣬ֲûԹôޣ
Ҳȥ
ïҲ˳㱼飬Ƥʵ
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䳯Ҳ˳ңҿɲޱȥЩϴ·
ܿ죬ԽԽվ˳
ϴǲǻʲôƣ˧ߵҶԺٺЦ
ҶһۣȻԺϰ˵Ķԣܶ黹ǱҪԼԣҴȻֻɱޣǱǡǲǾ͸ƴˣǷģһɱͷ޸Ǳ𣡡
ˣ
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Ҷһ񽣳У񽣣Ҷҽ͵һ̤ǽһԾԾ˳ǽ֮ϣУҶһȣ˫͵سһ
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޶ʱ
ɱ
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˧˵꣬ɳϻôʲô£˧پԼ󱳴һţֱӷɳ˳ǽ
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·ҶΣȻһӣ
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ҶٴһնЩ޶ʱն롣תͷ˫ЦЦ֪ˣֻ˲䣬пܱԼǱ㿴ûǾȻЩޣҲЩޣǴʱ˿̣ǺܶȴܹնɱЩԭǿޡ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
˫һ˲ȻģУη壡
Ҷ˵ͷһˣʵûйϵǾûġʥߺ٣Ϊʲô٣Ϊ˸ġܶˣûģ󲿷ԭûʵη塣ҪսʤԼеη壬Ψ֮ضǲսҪʱսʤԼĵηų
˵⣬Ҷɨһۣ죬ҽ̵ĵһξսʤԼսʤĵηų
˵ţҶ˳ǰ汩һ·֮׷ɳȥ
ҶıӰã˫һ̾һﵱǵĽϰҲ֪Ǹǻ
ʣҶʵǾԹʸǽϰģҶԸ񡭡ȫ·е뵽ڣ뵽ԶǵĵȻֱӰǴˣں·ʲôģȫǲġ
𣡡
ʱԶͻȻһţҶǰȺɢ˿һͷȫ׵İǳҶ˵С
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ǵıϣһŮӡ
ŮҲǸ߼ʥ
ƺԺϹƺŮʡ
ҶĿǰŮɨһۣȻǻصǰ
˵СԴСצһӣϹ˺˧ˣţ˳˳¡
ҶٴοǰŮһۣȻһ˳֮£һΣû˲ҿˣŴ򿪣˧Ҷʾ£ȫ˳֮СҶȻǲܽģΪҪЩޣ
˶кҶս׼ӽڣʱͫһΪӰͻȻһ䶯ǺӰŮֱͬʱһذ޷ٶĨ
͡
һѪ


910 ټ֮

ǽ֮ϣ˫ͻȻ쳹
һҲǱһĻŵĻɢ
ԺҲסǲһԺϰôˣôһɱˣ
Ⱦ˻ع󣬾Ҫ³ǽȴǱסȾ˴ŭʱͻȻţ
ȥֻҶ֣֪ʱѾץסǺŮӵذףȴȻѪ
䣡
һɿֲĽҶϯ˲佫ǺŮĵɡ
ҶתʮŮӣޱȡһΣˡŮӵذʵѾƿƤֻȴûܹжľѪΪڹؼʱ̣ץס˶Էذף
ֻҪ΢һ㣬һ㣬Դͻң
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ҲҲһ
Ҷ£Яؽ⻯һⱩǿĽֱõ֮ĿռѿΧЩǿ޸ǱҶĽĳˣ
Ů˫΢Уһֱ̣ʧˣͬʱҶЩ⾹ȻɢȻ˵Ŀ֮УҶϽʮѪ
һĻǽ֮ϣɫ䣡
䣡
ؽٴҶӿγһǿĽϰסҶҶҽ͵һ̤棬˵ɳʮɡ
ҶͷԼ壬ϣѪۣÿһѪ۶ܼ׹ǣ
Ҷ̧ͷԶֳԭλĺŮӣ֮
˿̣ŮӵʵΪôֲˣΪԷһֻ֮Էյʲô֮ʣһּΪǿҼΪصķ֮
пɣпɣ˶ѣ
Ů˦˦ذףһת߽Ⱥ֮С
ܿ죬Ⱥ֮дһХţͷǴȺųǽ߳˹
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һŭХڱܵĹ֮УԽԽ󣬻Ϣʱ䣬ͱѾǳн֮ߣڱ󡭡
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ѾеҶȺ֮еĺŮ˫΢ڣɭɱ⡣
Ҷϳǽ˫˱ΧУǹ֮ɫ
Ҷҡҡͷʾû¡
䣡
ʱǽͻȻһһЩ⧲֮£ǽ֮¡
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һĻǽ֮˴󺧡ƣ˵ƺڵ˶Ϊû˳ǽ赲˾ԲЩ޵Ķ֡
ͷ˵ȫȨ㸺ڣô죿ͻȻҶ
ҶĿͶ··ȺʱǽЩڶЩȺѾûʲôرˣΪʵ̫ˣɱһͻһȺƻ£Ѿ𻵣
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˵ͷǲãΪĵƣھãЩȺʱǽ赲
Ҷʵ˵Ҷسⷽһϲͨʲô飬߰취˵㣡
һҶȻ˵ͷʵҪľҶ仰
Ŀ䵽ǰǵϣû´Ӧþ֮ееһֻǲ֪һҲˣƻǿȥʱǽ󷨾ͻᱻƻû󷨻ǣǽЩǰͻͬһֽԣǱҪֹ
ô죿ҶʵûǣҲ赲Ⱥ
ΣȻֻҪֹ˰ǣ޽ǣ޷ɱǣܹʱǡ
ҶһȻôƺ
΢΢һ漴Ӱ
Ҷ˵ͷԸǣҵû⣬ǸŮˣҲˣŮЩ졣ҳֶԸǣض͵Ϯҡûа취
Ŀ䵽Ⱥ֮еĺŮϣãŮӦþʥӰ˵⣬ҶƺԺϹƺûֹܹϹƺʱ
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Ӱ˵ͷŮ˵ʥʥ֮µĵڶǿߣʵ¥ǧˣ¥ǧŮˣˣҲʥʥû뵽ʥȻҲˣʥͼ󰡣
Ҷ˫΢Ů˵ʵνǿԷܹƿķصķ֮ʹˣԷҲȲ¥ǧ¥ǧǺεȵǿ
ΣǿҲˣҲǿɱģ
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ʱͻȻҶǰȻСצָָǰǣָָԼ
Ҷüͷһ壬ȷԼܹ㶨
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˺ˣ㣬㡭
ҶæȻҪС֪ţ㣬ǵã򲻹ҪܣǧӲҪǸˣҾʹƨɣ
ԣСһ죬ԵصҶһۣȻһӳ˳ǽ
ǽ֮ɲǼ˽ٱ˿ǰǣı󣬻һԳ
ǰǶʱͣг壬һ˿أ
צһӣһϹ˲ǰǵͷ
䣡
һˡ
һĻҶ΢΢һɣĿͶ·ǺŮϣŮҲŮУû˿
ӣ
ķ֮Ҫˣ
Ҷֻв˵һ䣬ҽ͵һ̤˻һԳǽ֮ϱ
쳹˺ʡ


911 £
ڼǣסǣҶӰӰһǽϿգȻ˫ֽһӡȵԺ
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䣡
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һĻҲҿҶˣȫԱ˿ڳһĿռ䡣
Ӱеذ׻ҶܹԻ߾ʵлôõģֻһò˵ǿպǴﵽ߼ʥܹһսڣ㻹̫
£ӰֱʧԭأͬʱҶɫ΢䣬תһ

һĽཻ쳹ҶĳˣȻǰûˣ
һ̣ҶٴζȻתȻ͵һɨ

һ죬Ҷ˵ķı䡭
ͻ֣ᷢʱҶǰûˣҶ·ڸսһ㣬ޱȣ
ս˽һӡһڣҶȫѹƣû˿Ļ֮ϻ˺üʮѪۡ
䣡
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Ҷͷ˿ԼӰӣȻЦЦΪʲôôûˣԭӰ֡û´ķ֮ӦǸӰӣӦǸҹйأΪ㽻ʱҸоûйĵطʱʵʮֹ
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ӰٴҶûйĵطҵĵ̣
£ӰֱʧԭءһΣҶзӰʧһ̣ĿԼӰϣϣӰһ̾ȻһŮˡŮˣӰ
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ҶûѡӰսһһ⳯Զȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶӰʧ˳ǽ֮¡
뿪Ⱥͣ˽ŲʱڣΧ֣¹޷͸ˣһƬ
Ӱûж֣ͣҶĲԶУһ˿ɻ󣬡ûһ˿ʵ֮ǰҪǿн⻤ҲֵסҺܺ棬ΪʲôҪô
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ŶӰϸüһҺܺ棬ʲôƣҼʶ£
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ӰҶ벻˼飬ܿ죬еɫʿʼɢһᣬ˫֮κɫʡͬʱͻȻһѪ
Լˣ
Ҷ˫ۻʵȻӰˣ֮ǰǵģڽ֮ǰҲ㱻ɱˡû뵽Էİ֮ȻѾֲѹƣ
֮ǰһɲǣᵽ˰֮Ŀֲҹ֮УҹΪһֲֿ޿ײ룬ѹţڸղһ£ֱӻᱻɱĩ
ʹнѹƣȻˣ
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֮ǰܹӶԷѡԶԷĵطˣ֮ǰ㱻Էɱ
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ʱһһȥڲҪùгƷʯʱһҶڳ˳ҶΧһֱӱƸޣ
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һʵĸûо磬н򣬷֮ǸƵģΪֻбߣܹȥ߶Щ
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ҶаǺŮӵʵνֲʹˣԷȴȻ¥ǧ֮£¥ǧʵǺεȵĿֲʵȥʱʲôȥɶԷ
Ҷ˵ʥǿбưϾ¥ǧһʥĵˣ
ڣɱʥôˣ¥ǧŮˣԷҲԲŹģ
˭Ū˭ͿԷʵˣ
ʱһĪĿֻŸк׵سҶҶپĺݺһۣ类õһһ㣡

Ҷ󺧣һֱʩչ֮򣬳ƺǸȥ
ٷ֮һϢʱ䣬Ҷƺ¡
ҶƺʱǰһĻõҶ˫˲Ѫ
ƺǵϿգӴһˮͰֵɫţںɫһˣһ۵ӡ
ʱ·İצϣѾѪۣԭɫëʱѾѪɫ
ˣһֻʱҲѾڡ


912 Ҷ
㽵ǲ
ǻ͵һ˦ʱڵأһǰûһԾ̧צ͵һġ
ͣ
һѪ˲ϼ
ٴηһ
ǷһĨٴζ֣ʱһͻȻǰ΢΢һΪûзǰôֵġ
Ҷ
˵ҶͻȻ̧һֱ˻ɲһţʩչ֮ˣڻδӦͱҶһ߱˵

ʱŤȻֱ˵桭
໣
ʱǰͻȻһХȥҶȴͻȻǰʱҶǳһƬһɹʺɫɷҶӿɷǰǰǾȻ鲻Խسһ
Ҷһ񽣳Ҷϣһ̣Ҷֱӳ˰ǵͷͬʱҲֱ˰ǵԴ֮ϡ
죡
һȻֱӱһſˣһϡ
졭
У޵Ŀ֮£ǰڵϲϰţȴǸҶΪҶٶʵ̫ˣ쵽ʵϵ͵˸ι켣
кüҪҶԵٶǰ˿ûУֻһһεİš
ԱЩ޺ܿعȻȫҶλó˹ȥ

һ޾ɷɱϯ֮һѩĽͬκն֮ǧֱӱն룬һΣ֪ʲôԭ򣬾Ȼնɱǧ֮δʧһֱǰ漤ȥֱ߲ɼ
ĺ棬һųʬ壬֮࡭
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һΣǰѾˣȴûֻȫĹͷڱһһš
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ǽ֮ϵӰҲҶΪ𺳵ˣȻû뵽ҶʵȻ̶ֲֳȣȫŰһͷ߼ʥޡ
ͷ߼ʥĿֲǿۼģѾȫÿֲˣҶǰȴͬһ㣬֮û
Ӱע·ãȻ֮ԭ֮򡭡ѹ֡
ãջĿ⣬Ե˫ܲǰһĶӣܹסҡ
˫俴һۣ𣿡
Ӱü΢ʲô˼
˫ĿͶ·ϣû뵽ͷоȻôҪû𣿴ʱѾʧȥˡ֪ܲΪסãһŭ֮£ֱɱţõ澡ʧһΣϴε黹ҪأĶŭˡҺɣʱʥߣԻɽ
ҶҶƢ֪ıȽ϶ࡣҶȫһߣһ˳ͻΪһɱ˭ɱ˭ԸȻǲõģֲģرҶһʵ
ӰĬ֪˫˵ĺеҶӴǶҶƢҲ˽һЩһӣһķӣرʱɣʱʱ
Ӱ·ҶһۣȻһ̾һ˿ҶʵǱǾӹɵģԸһܴ⣬һŭǸǲκκģչۣԸǻġ
ǽ£ѾָСһϢڵϣȫͷ顭ڼ䣬Ҫȥˣһ⣬δǰʱȫʬаһЩʥޣ
Ȼޣȴһͷǰ壬Ϊȥ
һԣ۵򲻶ڵϰĿ£ȺһƬ

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˶ʱҶˣֻʱҶվڰǵͷǰ˫ָ߸߾Уһ޽Ҫȥ
ҶʱЩһˣǽ֮ϵ˫Ҳһ
ʱҶȫɢŹĺâЩâҪ˶ɡˣ˫ҲѾ˳죬һѪ̶ֲ˫ϵ䲻֪ʱѾѣ˫֮ϣһ֩ѷ죬Ѫ˫֮ϻ
Ҷ񽣶˵ϣתߵǰʱҲָСȻָСɫȻϡ
ҶЩ͵Ľ˫ַǺɫ֮ϣָһȥһ֮ʱϣ˫˲䱻սȴû֣˫ֻǣʹȫǺɫȻûбϡ
ɽƷʥ㳶ϵģ㳶ϵģ˭ˣҸ¥ǧŹģŹģˣ
һԣǻڵԹĿҶЦȻЦȴʹ֮ɫ
Ҷûйӣ˫ּܿ죬ǺɫȻʼһһʧϢǺɫȫΪޡ
ôܣ㡭
ǻӲŵؿҶ˵ʲôͻȻǰһڣϴһʹУţֱӴŵ浹ɳɣ
ɫʧҶ˫忪ʼСĽϣ˺ۣȫ˺ۣûһ˿϶ԭɫëʱҲΪѪɫһѪ
Ҷ˫ֻϣʱ΢΢һõҶ˫æ˻ȥӣҶۿ̰ӿ˳ˮԽԽ࣬ԽԽ󣬵ҶȻͬһһ㺿


913 ɱѪɺӣ
ƺǳǽϣټҶʱʱȫסˡȻû뵽ǿҶȻޡһΪһֻޣ
ǿҶѪӲģ
һҶֻĿ޹
һĸһ̣һΣΡĸ飬޷κݡô˵֮ҪһĻԥѡԼ
ıԼأ
ȻһΣȴǰ˵ֵز
ҶĿ˫ۣˮҶһĨۣҪ̧СצȥҶȻȴôҲ̧Լצӣֻ۵ؿҶȻҶһˮۿ
Ҷ˲ϵˮȻ˫ϣںӿӿȥ𣬱£㣬㲻µģԲµġңԺҲᶪ㣬һսˣҲˣҲˡ
ں޸£ϵ˺ۿʼڻϡ
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Хǽ֮ϣӰæ鼱֮£ֱӺҶҶʱûע⵽
Ӱ£ԶЩȺͷһХţȫҶ߳˹
ҶȻԼۣŽԼţһǻһϢİǵǰ˫һץֱץס˻ӵͷǵëһ˳ǰȻ˦һףָһ˵⼤˲佫Ƕ˳ǽ֮ϡ
ôңҸ粻ŹģŹġ
Ъ˹ŭţֻ֮м޾ʹΪʱ»Ѫ
أ
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Ӱʾ£Ŵһȱڡ
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Ҷûйˣǰţܿ죬޷ǰˡΪȺ뱼赲סǺεȵĿֲؽ⻤壬ʱѾɿֱֲѹ
Ϊ׵һЩҶȥҲһ˿ɵ£ǣǸԼˣʹɵҶҲͣ£෴ģУ¶׹⡣
ҶͣԭأһУеҶر
ܿ죬ȺҶֻвʮɵľ룡
һ̣һĨӿҶУһҶֱӻһⱩΪ׵һЩֱӱֳ룬ҶҲȺûˣȺ֮Унݺύ
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Ҷûз֣ʱ˫۳죬ͷҲʼ˹غɫͬʱüĵѪɷʱȻָ˳ѪɷֺΧЩȥѪɷ˲䱻Ѫɷա
ˣҶʱĽֿʼˣԭĽɱ¾⣬Ϊغԭ֮еɱ¾ɷ𽥱ûпȥɱɱ¾Ĳֽ⣬ˣ֮ǰĽϸ˵Ѿɱ¾ˣ
˿̣֮еɱ¾ֿʼ±𣬶ңǿ
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Ӧ˵Ľ˿ΪʱĽǰ벽޾
ģҶɱԽԽ࣬ʱǷɱҶڵɱԽԽֲһᣬѾɳ׶أһڼǿ
ɱⲻͬ⣬ܶʱҪľܹɱ⣬Ҫֻһ취Ǿɱˣ
һ˾ٵһһɱɱǧ򣬾ûɱ⣬ɱҲԲκһɱ
ɱ
Ҷûбݺᣬ֮򣬻ؽ׶ɱѹƣˣ֮ûһͷܹס
һӣҶɱвޣȻȺֱ΢ȴѾõóΪ֮ΪǿҶޣֱӱһһЩʥҲˣ
ǵͱҪǿ̫࣬ʹˣȻûܹסҶĽ
ǽ֮ϵҲǰһĻ𺳵ĴסˣҲû뵽ҶȻܹһ֮Ⱥ֮УȻɱȺҶŻ߾
óǽ֮ǻ߾Ժѧײĳ嶯ǻ߾ǴҵĲҲ̫̫˵㡭
ڼ䣬Ⱥ֮и߼ʥסˣҪֶԸҶƺߵĸ߼ʥסˡ
ˣҶɷȺ֮ɱš
ģҶԽɱԽ࣬ͷȫ˺ɫɢŽɱ⣬ʱֿѹȺʱ໥һѹȺɱ뽣˫ѹ£һ㷴֮û
ܿ죬ҲҿҶԸȥԳǽЩ󷨣ҲԸȥҶΪʱҶȫһɱ񰡡
Ҷ۾ѾֻеĽڲϻӶš
ڣֻһͷ
ǾɱɱһѪɺӣ
䣡
֪˶ãڽɱʮһɿֲĺâͻȻҶڱӿɺâֺҶΧڵĿռ侹ȻȫѪɫ
ɱ⣡
ɱռ֮󣬲ƽǰϢԼصɫ
ҶΧڣɱѪζǹɱѪζֱõΧſ˵ϡ
໡
ʱͻȻִһХ
Х£Щ񹥳ǵȺͻȻͣȻ볱ˮȥرҶΧǰЩȺǺ޲öȡ
ȺĿ죬˵Ҳ죬һᣬȺȫ˵Զɽ֮С
ȻҶȻڷ׷ɱš
һһѾȳĽ׷Ⱥɱ


914 ˭ǵĵӣ
ҶҪ׷ɽ֮ʱӰǰ
ҶҲûһն
һЯɱ뽣ĽҶ֮м˲ӰǰӰɫ䣬ؽɱӳֵĽθӣ˲ӿ˫֮ϣӿ˫֣˫־Ȼرѩɫ
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Ӱ˫ֶҶǵ͵һצ˫צײһը죬Ӱʱˡ
ʱҶ˲ǰȻ׼һն£ӰһæҶѣҲɣʱҶ
ȻҶһնˡ
ӰҶ֮£ٴγˣ˫ϣһѪۡ
ҶһٴγӰȥٴ׼ʱһͻȻǰ
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ʵȺ֪ǰҶѾǿ֮ĩܹЭҶɱȥҶǵֵס˵ġϧʱȺѾҶɱƵˣûһܹҶԿˣûҳҶȥ
Ҷֶ֪һƺţǾǡɱ񡱣
ɱҶ
һս
ȻЩҶ˵һôûУҲЩ
ҶȥӰһҶʵǿѾɱˣڲȥ׼ˡΪһҶʩչ֮ΣգصɱصĽ⣬з֮ʥ֮£ļˣûܹɵη壡
ǸӰ
Ӱһ̾ȻҶ˹ȥҶǰһɴһͻȻҶӿӰɫ΢䣬һ˿
⻤Ȼǰ벽޾⣡
ΧҶĽ⣬Ӱ֮ɫ֮ǰڼҶʱѾɵĽˣΪкüΣرҶնɱʥʱǽȻķǳֲҽնɱʥ޺󣬾Ȼʧ
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ҶĽѾأǴﵽ˰벽޾
ӰԭسĬãȻԳǽ֮ϵ˫֣߻⣬һӰǰӰָָԶڵϵҶȥԿǽԶҶзȻܹҶĽ⣬Ͼʱ⽣û˲ٿأǿҲޣһҶضˣԣ˫ԡ
˫һҶȻ˵ͷߵҶǰȻǽⲢûйһĻ˫һ˿ӣΪû뵽ҶȻεģ
˫ҶȻһԶǽ֮ϻŵǰӣô
Ӱһ˲ȻǶŰɣѹԼ
˫˵ͷȻҶƺǡ
ӰһصʬѪĿͶʣʱѾһĨǰס
Ⱥ֮˾ΪҶҲΪƺǵķأΪҪˡʵۿۣ칥ǣǼΪˣǲѡ˾
ãӰջĿ⣬սſʼ
ƺǣһ䷿֮С
Ҷڴϣ˫ֽǰǰȾ·ڣʱںԴԴϵ޸£Ѿɣ˻ЩأΪ֮ǰǰػǻӵĺɫסرǺɫɵ˺ǰǻҪصĶ࣡
˵ΪҶкξ׶༪٣
Ҷ֪㣬Żֱӷ裡
ҶĴߣ˫޽Ҫ£ҶԲѣŮʼչҶϾչ˷棬ŮӱȽóЩں˧ˣ˵չˣԼչ˲ã
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󲻻ֱɱɽȥɣ޽
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¸ӵĿһҶһһСˣС覴ñرɽЩҪˡ
ɱȥ϶ᱻɽʥԵģҪȰȰ޽
Ҷսʵֲ̫ɱɽޣɽʥ߿϶ģһʥԣΣտ֪
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ԣ޽³Ĭˡ
ҲܹȰҶԲˣ
һһɣ˫һ̾ĿڴϵҶϡ
ʱûҶĿƣɱʱѹסˡԣҶͷʱѾָ
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ҶŮһۣȻҡҡͷĿǰϣСԴϣУһѪ죬һ
ˣһᱬ⣬һֱɱ⣬Ůɫ䣬æ˿
ԴҶһǿѹסеǹɱ⣬Сһ˵õģһ˵ģʳˡˣҿҪƨɵģţҪָδʳԡ
޾ɱ⣬ҶңȻǲСһһȥսҵкСһû˴󰭣ȻδӶںʹ֮У
ʱ˧ͻȻ˷֮УڼҶѺ󣬺˧һϲϴûˣ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷô£
˧ԥһ£ȻϴǣǸǽǻǱԺļ˷Ȼˣ˵á
䣡
һɺâͻȻҶڱӿֻһɲǣ˲仯Ϊм
˭ǵĵӷץˣ
Ҷڳ𣬽ţһâ𡭡


915 ˭ŪҾŪ˭
ƺǳǽ£ӰһԺѧԺѧʮϽɫ۵ꡣ
ʮѧ֮У඼ǰʥףʵ͵Ҳǻ߾۷徳
ҶӥǰܣǰԺû˿ϵǾôǿжȥδЩ˵ȥɣӰΪ׵ӣɫЩ
ҶӥӺٺһЦ̽ϰô˵ͲˡͬһԺʲô˴ˣЩ⣬رǣλ֮һǿɲܾôˣ˵̸ܹЩأ
̸ҲԺԺ飬ǰԺһëǮĹϵһԣ䳯
Ҷӥһ۷䳯Ȼô壬𣿡
䳯ɫһ䣬˵ӰȴֹȻҶӥҶӥ֪˵еǣΪҲйִ㡣ǣԺϰҶܣֻʸˣ
ԺϰҶӥԵһЦһû뵽Ժ˽ϰΣǰԺҪһһޣѵҲǣʶ໹ãʶ࣬ٺ٣Ժûй涨ϰ
ôô˵
Ҷӥ˰֣ΣԷǽϰǱҪأף
йӺٺһЦףףҪʶ࣬ǻصģһġʶ࣬ҿɾͲұ֤ඣ
ҶӥӰ̯̯֣ΣǸƢұ
һҲ⣡
䳯
ԺԱߵԺӽǵ˵ͷʾһ㶼⡣˿Ҷӥʱг
ǽķֱƺԺƺǵıأ֮ǰҶ飬ûдЩԺӸ֪Ҷ顣Ժ˲֪Ժ֪
Ժǿ
ǾǺǿģл߾۷ˣǣսһЩʥҲ򲻹ԺЩ߾۷壬ЩѾﵽʥǾ͸ֲˡҲΪԭԺŻòʮ˵İԺһ
ԺǿҶأ
ѡѡȥ԰ԺȥҶԺǺܿ񣬺ܰšҶѾǼ򵥵Ŀˣ޷죬衭
裬Ǽٷ谡
һɱϣɱԺѧɱϰὣ׷ɱȺˣǷӣôĳ
ӰҶӥһۣȻҶӥϹƺϣڶ˵һ䣬ڷǣȻתȥұ֤һ鶼ûȻϹƺҲס㣡
Ҷӥ˫΢Уԭ̽ϰҪֵĻ̽ϰϣҪһһҲǲԣ̽ϰô˵ˣҵҪһ᲻£
䣡
ʱͻȻϮһɺââʣȻһȴѾҶӥǰͬʱҶӥδعԼĺǱ˿סˡҶӥɫ˲
ȻҶ
˵һ᲻£ҶֿҶӥĲӣֱ
ͻһĻõó˽һ㶡عԺԺʶһԶԶġǰԺɫ䣬һӿĿɱ⿴Ҷ
Ӱ˵һԵİԺѧͻȻȻѣ
ĻӰһ䣬һ׳ա
ʱҶͻȻҶӥĺȻ͵ضŵһң
죡
һҶӥһԴֱӱ˵棬ǲûֱӱѿֻǽһЩѪ
㣡
˴ŭ˵ʲôʱҶȴͻȻҶӥȻ͵س˹ٶȼ죬ﻹδӦǡ족һԺӵ˳ȥ
ʣµǼԺӴ󺧣ԭ붯ֵҲҶˡҶӥ빫ɶǰʥȻʥȴһжûܹŹ
θٶ֣
ҶûٹЩԺˣ˵Щһ˼ûߵѾʹȥĻӻҪһϢİǰ˫һץȻ󳯳ųǽ֮һףָһ˵⼤ٴνһһǶ˳ǽ֮ϡ
֮еٴηһҽУǰҲһ
ǳǽ֮ϵһһǣҶֱΪֹ˵ţתȥߵǰʱͻȻͣȻֵҪ뱨𣬾ǿһҲһһ˷ʱ䡣УڸҰһһǸŪ˭ŪģҾŪ˭
˵ţҶһʧ˳ڡ
ҶߺǷ䳯ͻȻǰԺˣǲҪԺϰԺĽϰǸղô˰ղŲͦŵǸղŲǺôˣǡ
ڷ䳯Եıޱסʾ˵ȥˡ
䳯һҲС˵־ҲҶѹǣֻЩЩˣ
Ժɫѿ
ʱҶӥ빫һѷ֮˴ʱЩǱرҶӥˣ˵໹ˣӦֱӾͻˡͷȥû˰ߣ촽ҲûˣѪҪֲжֲ
Ҷӥ˵ʲôӰҪ㣬Ҿͱ졣֮ǰ˽ԺϣɱǧʥһӣǧʥŮǧˣɱԺʮѧ˵ңǡĺúõģ
ǰԺɫһ䣬ҶӥȻɫˣҲдɻ
Ӱûнֻͣ㰵ԺһسӣǾȥϴԺϹƺȻ˭˭ùر㣬Ȱ㻹ǵ͵һ㣬еĻԼղǰţ
˵꣬Ӱֱת߽ƺڡ
⣬ֻʣ˰Ժˡ
Ҷ磬¾ôˣ
Ҷӥû˵ȴɭɱ⡭

ƺڣҶһ䷿䣬ڣֻһˣл
ҶڵأһӣӰʬǰһӰʬ壬Ҷֱӿʼ
һʱӰƳ˽ū
ҶָһܷĶȫ𣬷˺ڰͬʱ˷֮Уȫ
ҶһкӰʼˡ
֮򡭡
֮УҶĵ


916 ҽ죬Ҫԣ
ڣȻû˿һƬǣҶȴܹܵڵһУ
ǽĿֲڣ
ڣеһжΪһ塣
ڣ˽һܣǾǸƣܹ֮֮Ϊ
ȻǱˣԷ֮ҲԲ㸴Ƶ֮ģǶԷܹһƳɽū
㷨ÿһַԼİԣ˵ף;ͬġȻⲻ˵һһַܹ֮Լķ֮ķʽȥһܹ֡ȥܶԷķ֮İأҪԷķ֮Ҳǲܣ
ͺñһʦֻʩչһ飬ȻԼͽȥѧͽţȻԲѧĻġǣԸޱȥܣֻӲ̫Ҫѧᣬֻʱˣ
ʱӰҶʦ
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򵥵;ûйҫĵطΪֻĺԶԶֹˡûйĵطһΪʣһΪʣָԭǺڰģûйģǱӵкڰһ棬Ӱӡ
ְʣǿԱõģ֮ǰӰֱܹӽӰΪӰӱڰɣ
ڰȰʸӿֱֲܹɰʡ˿̣û˿ĹһƬڰһƬڰڰˣҶӰֱӱЩɣȻȻڣֻڰ£޷ü
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˿̣ΧһƬڣһƬڣڰЩǿԱԵС
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ЩжֲĽûܹȫѹס
ΪֹҶַ֮򣬰֮Уʣǿǰֻ֮֮Ҫ֮ġΪֹԼĽδʲôͬǳġ
֮ǿٶȣʩչ֮ȫһЩ߼ʥһЩ߼ʥ֮ûУ֮ǿڹ죬ɱǾԱؽռַʽҪֲ
Ȼǰܹ
ʱ䣬ҶŴ£Լ˷ڣȻһһĿӰʩչ֮򡭡
ƺǣΪȺ˾ʱָЩƽ
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ɵĵģһ֮ϵǼʥ߾ʤôҲ;ƺƺǵʥʤǻãʥʤʣƺǵ˶
޿ɲ֮ģ
ƺǳ
ʱĴ֮УˣһӰΪ׵ԺԺѧһһΪ׵İԺѧʣµһһΪ׵ƺǱ
ƺϸ˵ƺԺĸȻˣƺǱҲڷչҲһȻվҪƺԺΪġƺԺʥߣƺûУԣƺ˭жվΥƺԺ
ɽбȻʱ˱ˣǣǿ϶ңǿ϶ǲ֪ĵơ̽ϰСѣô
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޵ôӵķ֣һ˲ǰ˵ûɽ϶ǲ֪ĵơ˵ģ֮Уֻһһʣµĸȴû˿ĶܲҰԺȥϧûдκϢ
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˵˻ɱԺӣҲɱ֪滹Ǽ٣ʱǺҲȻ棬ǴʵǲʺԺϰʺϸŵķءȻҸûжԹҲǿֻǾ£һдƺǵĽǶȳǣ
ӰĬһᣬȻǣҪסţ֪иĴۣ˵ĵҲҪ¶
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Ӱɨ˳һۣĿϣ֪ѾˣҲֹǡڶԺѧķϣȰһ䣬ȥ鷳ΪǾԳеرǴʱԺʥ߶ǣƣϹƺڱصʱ򡣡
ҲվֱӰȻҽ죬Ҫԣ˵ȥһᣬ߳˴š
ƺǳ밵Ժˡ


917 վŻȥ
ܿ죬޴ŶʮԺѧƺǳԼһǿƺǳ⡣
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ȻҶӥȴǻδ֣ЩѾڵϵԺѧһߣһԺѧ׷ɳȥУ˫ȼŮҲûܹ⣡
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ҶӥЦһ̽ϰ֪ҶʵȷʵǿΣǿҲֻһˣҲֻǻ߾ǰԺʮˣÿһսǰʥУ֮ǰҶ͵Ϯң˭ʤ˭һ
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İԺѧڿӰʱɫЩˡǼɵӰݣ˶̲סˡ
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޵ĻӰɫʱһΣû˵ˣǴԺ˽ԺȾ˷
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˵˵ˣҪʲô飬ҲΪˡ
ҶӥЩǲо˵Ժѧˣǰ϶硣˵ţһЦһǶǽϵĻǷȻֵҶҪɱһһҾƫҪȻǣʱˣһҪǣҵҪҰԺΣ
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˧΢һ㣬Ҳǻ˹ȥˣҲòȥеӲֽš
˫ŮҲûܹ⣬ر޽˫õ϶ŻĶӡ
飬ҪҪȥ֪ͨҶһԺѧӰ
ӰҡҡͷȽҽȥ֪ͨȻҪˣҪöˣ
ˣʲôˣ
ʱһͻȻԳŴ
ӰֱӼӲסˡ
ΪҶ


918 жг𱨳
ŴվһˣȻҶ
ҶУʱѾָ˲ָ࣬ԭ˹ϢЩ
ʱ˫צҶֱۣԴҶǰϵزţ΢죬ʱʱ̧ͷҶһֻۣɬΪ֮ǰҶȻڻʱϴ裬ȫһ뵽⣬ȫ΢
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Ҷߵ˷䳯˵ǰĿڷ䳯һһɨֿ˳ǽ֮ϣѾտҲ
Ҷһ˲ջĿ⣬ӰԺģ
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ȴǡӰ鼱֮ѿڶǺܿ죬ʶ˲ԣæס
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ҶЦһ̹֪϶ҲȰǣǻˡڣȰң㣬˾ǣôңҾôԱˡҺãһᾡԼãͬҲãҲᾡԼ㲻ã
ɱԺˣԺ϶ݲ㣡Ӱ
˴үүҶֱӰ˵꣬תſȥܹ·ģߣߵģ̧ߡڣڽһˣӦжг𱨳𣡡
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ʱһ׵ͻȻ˳ŴɨҶһۣԺϰҶɣ£߰ɣ
֮ǰǰԺһΧŹǵ֮Уǣ˫ͻȻҶԵ
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䣬Ҷ̧һӵĸһҽУ˻һڵʧʡ


919 һָһͷ
ֹۣҶûС
һգҶǲס
˳ӦģһɱˣУҶɵȻ֪㡣
Σ
ֹۣԺ˽ֹûУΪʵǸԭץˣһӦľã͸˫ָǷϣʱǣûǲܣҶץ
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ϧǣʵҶ˻ȥ
ʱ򣬰Ժûѡһѡ񸴳
ǴûдǱˣҪһûУҪ˵ֻ˵˧˴ˣΪʵ˴ˣֻ˵ѧղ
ͬģ
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ҶһȺ˳ŰԺ˵ķȥһԣӰɫѿΪǶҶ˽⣬Ҷһȥ϶ֵ޷ʰǿУңǶƺ˵һѣ
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ҶֵΪ϶飬֮ǰǰˡãˡҲϲسŵˣԣϣλسŵලȻʱλɾЩѿˡУ̽ϰ鴦ˣסȡ
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ЩʿĿҶǾĲҶʵҶĵҶȻĸɱˣһһξɱô࡭

ǺһĻʱȻŭһЯâҶȥ
ٶҲ죬µһ̣ѾҶǰͬʱЩâ˲佫Ҷ
䡭
Уһһ׹뽣ϳܽ俪Χ˴󺧣æˣ
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׹ɢҲɢȥ
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˫һûȰҶˣĿɨ˳ЩʿһۣȻֿʼָ
˫ÿһָһˣоͻỮһ⣬ȻһԴͻɳȥ
˫ָţⲻϳ֡


920 ش󣬺δǼң
һᣬ˼ʮѪܵͷ
ЩʿѾߣǺ嶼ˡ
Ѫȣ
Ӱ˿ҶʱĿ֮ļɵҶֻǵѪǵҲûʲôҪʵֲܿ
ҶˣҪôΪѣҪôͱһκη̵ĻᡣȻ̵ʱͻһǳ壬ǰԺȻûǸһѡҶĵˡ
ڻô³õӡ
Ҷ񽣵ѾһϢĺü֮ȻҪסһ㣬ˣʴȲǲԣмǣʴҲҪǶԼĵʴȣôǵʴȻĿܲǵ˵ĸж£ǵ˵ķ񱨸ԣʵ£Եˣնɱ󻼣
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ҶߵӰǰͬģ˰ԺԺͷңԲɱҡ˵꣬ҶӰ˳Ժѧĵطȥ
ҶȷʵҲ񣬵ɵ
ɱԺˣǲԣҪԺЩʥףҶһˣɵԺš˵ҪԺʥףüֵҪԺҪ
ֻҪһ㣬ƺԺԶɱ࣬ҲǴˣ
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ش󣬺δǼң
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Ӱ΢΢һˡҶѾĴ㡭ƺԺҪ׷Ҫͻ뿪ƺԺǱѧ뿪Ҳû취뿪ģʥǰһ߾ܹӣ
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ҶԹŽիƺԺԳͷҶԲɱҶƺԺҪɱҶŽիضӲʱԺҪʧһţһ£ŽիǼ䲻ǵģ
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ײ̿˫ŮһۣȻȻЩѾǵǵˣҲûҪǵѧѧܡ˵⣬ײǷһĨаЦԣһǽ̽ôŮ˰ɣ
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˫ĬãȻǱҪһ죬⿿ҶС˵⣬һᣬȻ˧ɳŶʮȥƺɢϢ˵سһģƷʯǧУ㣬ȥݷƺЩң˵ԸȫǿԸԺ
ԣ˧ɳŶʮתȥ޽ȴüͷ˫֪ƺЩѾɳǿ߰æسǣڣǻ
˫Цһ˶˽ģЩˡǿ߳ˣǣǿ϶ԼϵɳڣֻҪǰæسǣҪȥȺɱһֻһ죬سһ죬ǾܹΪԼԺǲܾġ
Ժ˫ûȨ޽
˫̧ͷڷɱҶУ
޽׼˵ʲôȴֱˡⶼʲôʱˣʱɾ
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ԣԺѧȥ
Ժ֮УҶ˵˫Ǵ𾴵ˣΪʵΪǻۡǻԼõķڷԣĻû˻ᷴԡ
ܿ죬Ǳ˳ǽ֮ϣ˰ǣǻӡʱһһǱȿʼҪúܶ࣬رǰǣϵϢѾָЩ֮»׹⡣
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⻮ҶǸ߼ʥͷؽɱڷӿγһɼΪֲƣ˲ֵסȺѹˣһЩʵϵ͵ֱѹſ˵ϣ
ȻˣɳǳǽǳǽײĲϾҲš
ҶһĨɫҽ͵һ̤߼ʥһȻû˵صסҶһ̣ҶʻһɱȺ
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һڳÿһ⻮õɥҶҲڲɱ֮Уͷɺͷ˫ҲһƬɺ죬ֲ
ܿ죬һƬâ˳УƬâԽԽֱȻ˽ɵľ룬ƬâڵȺȫԼٶȥ
˫С㣬ʲô
ǽ֮ϣ䳯·һĻʵǽзֻҪṩƷʯάЩ󷨵תɣˣʱǵЩС˶ףȥǳ飡
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˫·һƬâЩȺҶʱʱʱ򣡡
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ǽ֮ϣ˫֮гһ˿ء
ಣ
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죡
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죡
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ۣ
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Ҷĳǽһһ֩ѷ˳ǽ֮ϣһϢǽơ


925 ϻˣսɣ
ҶһھѪһֻ̣ɫצٴγҶǰһΣצǺҶĸҶԴ
ƾ豾ܣҶڹؼʱԴһƫצһõצ˳ǽ֮ϡ
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צһδУ˳Ƴ·͵ؾһɨ
Ҷ˫΢Уһ񽣳ϣȻᵵǰ
飡
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໣
Ⱥ뺿ڻ
ǽ֮ϣ˫ɫҰ
ȺûڹˣȫɡȺǰվһͷӡӵĳЩ죬˵壬ͷȴͷ˫צҲצӵʱĿ֮ǳݣ˷ܣһ˿ɵ
ͷĿǳǽ֮µҶϣȴֻˣ࣬ܲ
ȣ
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Ҷ񽣣Ŀ⿴ͷӣһ˿ءĿǰΪֹǰһȫޡ
˿̣ҲףЩĸ߼ʥޣкܴġ
࣬Ը⿪ͶҳХԸһ·ͷӺȻҺٶʴȣǵһΣҲһΣúðգ
ҶǷһĨЦݣԸͶΪҲԸһ·ˣҲٶʴȡ

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ȻôһҲֻǸ˶ԷһƤѡ
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ΪҶХսɵԽԽǿΧԽԽһЩܲסˣȺϺš
˫С㣬ҶϰӮ𣿡
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ҶһƽϢԼϽɢǹƣȻ̧ͷХ˵أ
ԣХ֮жһĨ࣬ҵóϣȷʵܲٶȾ͸˺ܴ鷳ܹﵽ߼ʥ֮䣬˭˭Ӯһδ֪ڣ㻹ҵĶ֣
䣬ХͻȻһ⣬ţһͷǳҶĶ档ȫ;޴һСɽһֻצӾͱҶǷצ⻮ռ䣬ռǶʱиɫ϶
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һ̣һӰͻȻ֮еɶ˳ǽ֮ϣǽһӰڵء
ӰҶ
ĺȻȫ볯ųǽ˹ȥ

ǽ֮ϣͻȻ˫ţ˫ЩȺֱ˳ǽҶλó˹ȥ


926 ǣ
˫³ǽһ̣ԺѧҲæȥ
û˳ǽЩǰûл֮㣬ÿ˶ǣʱ˿˶޷˵ȥ
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ȺȻڱܣŭХܿ죬ԽԽƳǾǰֻҪƣȺצӽ˺ѳÿһˡ
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䳯һҶȻڨЦЦԭ׼ҶɱȺڷɧһѵġ
Ҷ˻ص˳УջصУȺĽͿʼˡЩȺһνκһζҪһȫǲҪ˵ģײųǽһΣǽֻܱأˣǽѾ˶ҡ
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ҶûѡȥǾ͵ڳǽ֮ˡȻ˫ǽ֮ϵһаŵľǣЩʵûжãΪǽ֮ϵˣʵ඼̫ͣ˱أ޷
򵥵˵ǣ˫ʵվǵˡģ
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ʱ˫ͻȻߵҶԣȻղǸ㽻ֵХӣļУʵǣȴǶΪϲϲɽ֮еҲǳ밮˵ͱˣ
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Ҷ˫ֳڳǽ֮ϣ·Ⱥ磬ϰ䣬ȱߣȻһ˶ѡΪߡҲ˵ƺǧ֮УоųϵĶߣǣģУȴֻвʮԸسǣд඼ֻΪкôġ
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Ҳû취飡˫ЦƺƺԺĵ̣ǿӦƺԺ顣ԴˣƺԺҲǺΡȻǷƺǵسǣͲЩȺϧ
ϧǶ𣿡Ҷǵ뷨ģ˵ǿȺǣʵƺԺɽ飬ԣȻģȺӦƺԺȥԸֻûƺԺزסȺеĺǶ˵ûȺͲ֪ȺĿֲԣǱʶѡ˲ȥЩ飬ڳɽۻ
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ҶʵΪǺáƣƺԺڵˣʵߣϾʵǣڵЩܹǿ϶еġ԰ҪףƣĲǣǣ
˫һҶȻģ˵ɣô
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ܿ죬Ҷ˵Ļ˫Ĳٿ£ȫǵ˶֪ˡǡ
ȥسǣʲôôΪҶ˭˵һϰƺԺԺӶ
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Ҫôү˵ΪѵİһˣϧҶˣȻôүҰװسǣԴż˰ɣ
سǣֲ̣سǣĵ

ǽ֮ϣ˫վҶǰ
ûҶ
˫˵ͷûǵΪ˵ķУ
Ҷ˵ͷˡ
ô죿˫
ҶĿ·ſڴȻţ
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˫ֱסˡ
ҶҪǣ


927 㣬ĺọ̀
㣬ȷ
˫ֱҶȻ֪ҶҪʲôΪû뵽ҶȻôţǣһŪãƺڵҪǵİ
㿴Ц𣿡ҶЦ
˫һȻţţǣȷʵܹǵΣУǣҪףһǿƲãЩ޾ͽЩӦϣʱǵĳǾˡңһܣǾôܻЧҲǼŭЩˣһǱŭɿʱޣңǾˣ
ҶЦЦȻ㣬ǰһѡһĴһʱɱɱ鶼Ȼһ飬ڴ룬ǰǶҲ
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Ƭ̣Ҷ˫ĵеģһ򿪣һЩ޽˳ڣǿƲãǾԾĹˡ˵Щ˿ܱŭҲԡ㿼ǵĶȫǵҲеǣǴʱбѡ񣿡
˫΢΢һҶ˵ŷ֣˿̵ǣѾûʲôѡˣ
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˵⣬ҶĿ̧ͷԶԶѾвҽһˣܱȴһ˵Ҫá
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췴ҶЦһȻǾͲˣ󿪳ţ޽ǡȻǿѪƴ֮
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ҶȻܶʱܺ˵Ҳƽ׽ˣףҶﻹر߰ġĺ˵ƽ׽ˣֻǶԼϿɵˡ
ڣҶˣζʲô
˫Ҫ˵ͻȻԶһĲҽһᣬǿ߳Ҷ˵֮Уǿ߷سҶǵʮͷ

Ⱥ֮У˴󺰡
ҶȴԹۣ˿ΪԺѧ˼Ҷûʾ⣬Ҳȫûг֡
ܿ죬Ⱥ˳嵽˳ǽ£ȺȺȴͣΪǵǰҶǰնǵ֡
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ƺǵģֻǧƺǵȣǼֱûȡǣ˿ɱȴȺࡣ
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ΪŽᣡĲֶԵУô
ˣ߾࣬߾Ҳкü֣ܵģȺˡϾȺȺֻмʮͷ
ǣЩ˲ûôΪ˭ҲԸȥƴ
ʱһͻȻԾ˳ǽȻָҶŭǵʵȫܹɱЩģΪʲô֣Ϊʲô֣УЩΪʲôǣǲسصȥˣ˵㣿ˣ


928 ˭ңɱ˭
䳯˴ŭҪ֣Ҷȴǰ˰ֹ֣ˡ
Ҷûй꣬ǿ˫ҪػģˣȻȫҸұ֤϶ˡǱǣǷǵмƺԺӦģһزסˣǾͻָǣ
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ǡô˵Ҷ࣬ƳǶ룬ҲӦɱӦҪֶԵС
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ɱ޵ǰڸо޵Ŀ£Ȼ˽ģɵʱȻҪѡ񱧽Ҷ˵ĴȡûȺҶǰƨҷһ𡭡
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ǰĽǣҶóȻһն˽ǵͷ
͡
һ貵Ļ𻨽俪ɢǺδһۼûУҶǱȴѾơ
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Ҫ֪Ű벽޾ܹƿԷķǣԷҲܹƿġ
ڶҶ˵ԽֲȻԽãǻɽĶӣźܸߵĵλݣ顭
ӰսʣҶĿ˹֮ϡ
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ǸŹʣҶһθСΪ˯˵ΪԵʡʵʩչնν⣬ʵǿʩչ飡
ãҶһ̾û壬𣬻ŬǿԺҪ֮
һ˲ҶһƺԺԺ͸ǸңӻĻǰ
ǰĻſţҶЩˡ
һҹ
峿˫ͻȻ߽˷С
ŽիԮǧ˳ˣ˫
ԣҶʱջĿ⣬ĿڣƽˮǣҶĿĿռȴ˲ѿ


940 УҶ
˫ǰһĻ𾪵˵һŻ㣬ﵽ޾ˣ
Ҷ˫ۻ˫֮ΧЩռʱָһᣬҶ۾һΣһж
Ҷҡҡͷô״ﵽ޾ֻЩջ񣬽ǿࡣˣ֪޾⾳
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ҶлᣬȥݷáˣŽիĵӳʲô飿
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˫£һ󱳽ϻ߽˷УӶۡ
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ɫͳ
ܿ죬ҵ˵£Ҷ˽ȥ
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Žիӵչ˷Ǿķ֣Щʵʵǿһս˸ˡٶȣ»ȫû
˵ǻֻʮˣҶʵ
ԣɫЩѿˣգѡص˵ͷ
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ʮʥǧĻ߾ȴǱʮɱӴܡ
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˵⣬ҳǰһ֣Ȼȥˣǲ֪Ҫʧʦֵܡ
Ҷ˫Ҫκҳˣ𣬾˵ڱչء
ף˫˵ͷֵСЩûֹȻʮ˵ʵ϶ǿҶġݾڣʥߣֻҪҶӣ¥ǧҲֻܸɿţҶ֮ģ
Ҷ˵ͷջĿ⣬ң·
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֣ҶüͷͻȻһտƽغҶͻȻͣ
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵ǸңңǸˣҲϲϻҲϲɿ顣ҼȻͬţǾ͸ùˣ˵أ
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ڤ
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ڤŮ֤㣬ǰЩҲ֤㣡
ӰںδʱΪ׵ĺͻȻ˵ˡ
ӰҶ΢΢üû뵽ԷȻӰ
ʱӺȻҶڤӰ֮Ůת˴ǰݣΪ˽ݡٽƲãȻѣ
ҶûӣǿΪ׵ĺӣǿʶڤŮ
ڤŮ£Ϊ׺֮дһ˿죬Ϊ֪ڤŮ£
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Ǻ˺ȻŭƾҲڤŮµѣǿЦϻٽӰŮ£Ȼ𣡡
ԣҶɫ֣ߣȥŽի˴ƺȥ
˵ʲôҶȴֱң
ұһãɬˣôֱס˵꣬תһһ⳯Զȥ
˵Ҫ֣ҶȴͻȻ֪ӰŮµˣ
ܷߣӺȻ
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΢΢һ漴æңֻǡ
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ΣӲмУҶϣ


941 Ҷˣ
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Ҷ͵һɨһʻμǺܿ죬ǵδں˵ǰӲͣסˣͷ·ʱ侲ֹһ㡣
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ҶɲҼʩչһԷͻȻڵǾϾҪֱġˣҶʩչ֮˲Ϊ׵ĺǰЯŰ벽޾͵سźԴȥ
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942 ޳ܵҶ
ں˴ԭأȻû뵽Ҷô޳ܣ
ޣرǿĽޣһ㶼аǵģһ㶼ġҶô޳ܵĽޣǻǵһμ
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ˣѡʱ֪һ̣Է˾裬ʼˡҪľЧ
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Ϊ׵ĺͻȻ
ʱһͻȻͣԭأһĨʺ
ͬһ̣һ貵ĹâͻȻڳбΧǧɵķΧʱ磬һӰޣ
УԭʮˣڣʮһˡǸȥĺ󣬶һӰ
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943 ɱɱ
ǺʱһӰͻȻԵص׳ӰĻнǧ⣬˲˷ţҽͻȻڽ

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裬Ϊ׺˵˵ܴ裡
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ЩˣһΪεֱӽһѪȻ󻺻ȥͬʱһ˺ҲһѪϢʱ䣬о˵£ȻĪϰһʧ˻ԽԽ࣡
󺧣
Ϊһʼֻڳ׽ɱǺܿ죬ֳһˣϢʱ䣬оȻоŸӰ
ȻֵĺӰûһʼǰ죬Ҳ˶٣ҺֵĺӰ˾Ȼһǵ
ܿ죬лûεһһȥһᣬһ˾ͱʮˣֻѸټ٣

֮Уŭ
ԣͣѸһųڶȥ
ʵ棬ԲܵģĪϰסΪǸ޷ָ壬ռ̫Сݲǡָ壬رĪϰףʹҶ벽޾ҲƿԷ
κޣʵǻ۵ġ
Ȼʹ˫潻֣ҶҲǲԷģȴ޷ôɱЩϾЩȫǸ߼ʥ׵ģ
ܿ죬˵صڡ
ҶڽʬֽūȫȻæų˳ȥطɲܴԷһȥ϶ҪԮġɽǿڶ࣬ʥǺ˵ǿҲԷ鷳ɾʹˣ
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ҶɫؿһЩȺЩȺǵûһĶ֣Щȫ˵սǿƾѾЩԲˡ
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źȻѣҶҪȥʱһͻȻĳ֮ŴŽΧǽ֮϶˽ЩʵĽΪһ壬γһ޴ĽǷ嶼У
Ҷɫ΢ӿҪǿƿʱʮɫֳֳۣǹͻȻ˳ſڴΪ׵һߣҶʶ֮ǰǵ֮Ҫɵʥߣ
Ҷ˫΢Уҽ΢΢һ˶ʱʧԭء
䣡
ʱһ貵ĹâͻȻʣǹâգҫųÿһ䣬һ̣һӰûС
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ʱǽΧѾۼʥһǧֳֳǿߣЩǿ߾ȻȫǸ߼ʥ
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ͻȻҶܣΪ׵ĺЦ
ҶɨһۣǷһĨЦǰɣãһͲˣ


948 ֻ㣬ҵ
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ţǳ񣬷ǳţ
ԴĵһͷⰵݣҶ֪ġݣʥǿߣЩҲǺġΪݣݵ˵ڴ˵ġ
˵ʥˣܹԸ߼ʥԽնɱʥߵνž͸ɳһƽɼ
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ҶȻҶְַ֮벽޾⾳Ҫ˵ʮɱǼֱ˵һЦЩҶʲôıΪҶҶʱе޳ܣ
ʱҶȻЦһݵţ㲻˰ɣģֻҪ˵ˣջҸղŵĻϾ۸飬һǲмȥġ
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ߵҶǰʮɴ֪϶ʲôıƣҿԸ㣬ʲô⣬ǰ׷ˡΪʮڣ϶ɱҡȻʮҲͬɱ㣬ڣһԣǰ㲻ӣ
ҶȻӦˣǾٷϻսɣ
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˿֮ҶһٱΧٱƯţһɿֲĽӿ˲ӳЩ֮ϣЩһ㣬ȫҲĿռ伤ѣ
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뵽⣬ֳɣ±ˡЩǿ߸Ǽ֣еĻó˷Լǰ
˵ҵСҶʵǰİ˵ģǰ벽޾Ѿ㹻ˣ
ǰɫ˫̧ɫг˫֮Уɫеĳ֣ΧĿռ䶼ȻʼŤ
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΢΢һʲô߱ʥǹŽիʦ׽
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ʱǰͻȻ֮ǰҾ֪϶ʲôıû뵽ȻǴܵ⡣ֻҺǣ˶̵ʱƿ󷨵ģҲƿȻҶһʱԣ׾پƿģ
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ǺأǴﵽ߼ʥͻƵʥʱ¾ҲԻɱʱݣͲţӦˣ
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΢΢ҡҡͷһӣѾĹâʱɢлָ߰ɣȥ½飡
ߵ˵ͷ˵ʱͻ
ǰӰͻȻ䶯ܵˣ֪˭Ȼû뵽ҶȻɱһǹ
иոոֳһذ׾͵󾱴ţҶڳ𣺡˵ʮеģôʳأϧ̫ʮУо͹ˡ


949 Ҷɣ
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ʬ뽣ūҶһ⳯ų⼤ȥ
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ʱͻȻһŭţһڳһ˲䵲Ҷǰڣʥİߡһŭ˫͵سҶһģǿİâԲɢ˲佫ҶɢҶҲɰ׹Ӳʮɣ»ص˳ڣ
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Ҷҽ͵һ̤һ䱾ٴλһ⳯Զǰ߳ȥ֮ٶȵļӳ£ҶֱӻһϸСȴĽ⡣ҶУ񽣡
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ƾҲ뵲ң
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պðɫ޶ܣҶ뿪ʱҶɫ΢䣬ת˫͵ؾһ

һɫ֧֮ϣϵǣϸСļ֧ûѣҶǾһȻҶ˱˽ɣ
ԼѿĻڣҶгһĨء̧ͷʣʱվһǧֳֽɫĸ߼ʥǿߣ˿̣Щѱһɫ֧Ѿ˹֮ϡ
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죡
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ڣҶѡˡ
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ٰ벽޾ɱ뽣ļӳ£һ˶ʮĽ˲նǼ֧֮ϡ
δ꣬Ӷʮĺ棬ŶʮĽ
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˵ţһҶȥҶɣ


950 Դ׵
Ҷӳźɾһֱ˹ĿģȻһɱҶϧһ·ûҵᣬǼʶҶĿֲ
ڼʶҶĿֲѾ׼׷ȥˡ
ΪûаջɱҶ
Ȼȴû뵽һᣬҶȻˣ
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ûзᣬ֣
ܿ죬ͣΪҶվҶУһ޽
Ǳ޽ɫһĨɵҶӽĳпǻӡģ
ͣ½ŲҶЦһô㲻ɱҳ˵ģѾݽߣһҪ֣Ժɾûˣ
ΪҲ𣿡
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ɫһɹɿֲڱӿȻѹҶƻδҶǰͱҶĽɢˣ
һĻɫ΢䣬׼ֵȴЩԥˡ

ҶۿһɣȻתǰ̤һһ֮ҶȻֱӾʧɵǰ
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һҪǿж֣оͻֹסֳҶ֮ǰɱ˵һĻ
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Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮УΧԽԽ籩ûɫСһڣǰɫСһ̰ţһ顣
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˵ҶС壬Ѿǿһַǳֲĵز
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ūҶó˹ʣҿıЩ˵ţҶһ˹ʿռڡ
ڿռڵĶʱҶֱӴסˣţֱԭ
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951 ʥɣ
ڵҶڵţУ͵Ķǰʥף
ŰʥϵڵǺεȵĿֲ
磬ϵͨҾڵ볬Ʒʯڵ볬ƷʯĸǳģΪǲ󣬻ƷƣҪƷʯڵġ
ʥڵ볬ƷʯȣֵڳƷ֮ϣرǻʽϵڵΪǲǻƷƣڵǱġˣƺسǴڶҪڵ߶ġߣʮλʮλ£˭ɱʽϵޣ
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Ϊʮ͵Ķɽףлһף
ҶĿǼ֮ϣЩأһƴɫ飬ͨɫڿлתš
飬ΧоűɽףȫֻɽƷ˿̣ЩȽƷȫǷԶԶģǺηǷ顣
һ˲Ҷ΢˳˹ʿռ䣬ͬʱɫҲ˳ҶߵǷǰʱǷͻȻһ貵ɫâҶҶ治ɫְ벽޾⾳ϯסǵɫâһ˲䡱һǵ貵ɫâȻɢ
ʱɫͻȻһ漴ҡһ䣬˰ٱҶСһĻҶɫ΢䣬Ϊ֣ⷽڵĿռͻȻˡṹˣΧĿռṹˡ
ԭҶΧĿռңǴ˿̣ɫڣΧĿռ侹ȻѾŤ۵õΧѾûңеֻиֹ۵Ťܹ죬ǳ죬δ
˿̣ܵһɿֲĽ˺ƺҲŤ۵
Ҷһæʩչ벽޾ɱ⣬Ȼľǣ벽޾ɱֺ󣬾Ȼһ˲Ť۵һһصġˣҶķ֣˿̾Ȼã
ʲô
Ҷɫءʱ˵ڹ˵Ļʱ˵ʲôԪܹסܹסʥҲڶʱƿԪʣǰɫ˵Ԫ
û˵ٵĻԪʥ߶ܹסҲֻǶݵס˵ѾǷǳֲˣ
ʥǿ߳Խ֮Խ򣬸Ѿ֮ϣ˵ѾʲôܹвˡԪȴܹʥӰ죬ǺεȵĿֲ
ȻʱԪֻǱܵұҶ֮ģ˿Ĵӡ
ɱûãҶֱʩչ˽
ֺ󣬳оһƬ֣˺ǹʱͣͬʱΧЩռ俪ʼ䶯
ڣҶףԪȻǿվû˲ٿأ˲ûǿƿ
ܿ죬ΧĿռָʱԪʱԭСȻܵľҪߣȴǱҶ뽣⻹ɱѹšҶߵǷǰŷãҶһ񽣳Уţֱѹ˷֮ϡ
ңȻ
Ҷ俴ŷ飬һ˿顣֪Էܹ˼
ھһһɫâ͵رһֱӱҶĽɱݻٵĸɸɾ
ҶһĨΪ𣿡
˵ţһ֮ҶĽ⴦ɲǼ䣬⴦ΧĿһ˲仯ޣͬʱǽ⴦Ŀռǳһڵ㣬ڵҪ󣬲ȴǱҶѹסˡ
Ҷ֪ܲܶʥвûԹаգⷽһܹв
ֺԪʱη壡
һλᣬҪôҶͬʱ񽣽ֳ鿿˼֡
Ԫĸˡ
ɣ
ҶɫȻ˫͵سԪȥһ̣Ƿĸˣһ
ʱһϹڳţҶǰȻֹҶɫдһ˿ŭСצϱȻš
ãҶ΢΢һ飬˵ʵѾԸ⳼ˣ
˵СԴ
ΪβʾҶЩŭ
Ϊ˵һѹţˡУѾʾˣûڲѾˣ鼱ֿ֮˵˻ˣ˵ֺˣŭصһҶ
ĻҶһ죬ԭԼˡ
ҶڨЦЦȻԪȻԸ⳼Ǿɣ
ͷСצһҶԴγһıѪϣ
ͿԣҶ㵵
ҡҡͷȻǣҪҪԸ⡣Ը⣬һζûã
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷָһָһξѪǷ֮ϡѪ뷽飬ʱʧţҶüͷ΢΢һ壬ãҶüͷչ˿ʱоԼⷽ齨ĳϵ
Ҷȥ˽뽣⣬һУԪʱɵСԪҶ΢ԪȻʮȫ
ﲻˣɱˣǹһ尡
ΧĿռҶϸֳһĨ˷ܡԪˣʥ߶ܹסһᣬҲ˵أٿԵֵʥǿһУ
ֵܹʥǿߵĹ
Ҷ˷ϲɫԽŨˡϧԪʵֲ̫ЩһϢʱ䣬ڵȻ֮һҲ˵ԪˣֻԷϢǷأҲֻܷϢʱ䣡
ȻЩв㣬ҶѾˡϾʱǻ߾۷壬Ϊʥ϶ܹõķӳԪ
Ҷ΢Ԫʱûüʶ֮С׼ʣµľżʱ
䣡
ͻȻʴһ졣
һ̣ؾţһƬѪ죬Ȼ˴꣬Ǻġ
һ̣ǿߵĿⶼƺǷͶ˹
ʥɣ


952 Ҷְ
֮󣬽ɫ׹£ЩɫƺԼɽ
ҶһӣһɫУƯɫãҶٴ̧ͷʣʥɣ黹أԭġ
ҪΪʥߣҪԼЩƬĸ˵ҪΪʥߣ൱Ҫ׼ȷ˵̤·ʱѾˡ
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κһ磬һݽߣҲͲԶˡߣҪĸãȻҪǿһȻͳΪ˶ҲΪε߾Ժ󣬷Ҫ߶Ҫɽٵԭ
Ϊ߾֮ҪǼǿӴģƬ˵ǲġرʥߣÿΪһʥߣҪֱԹƣʥ߻Ҫ൱صľʧһ㣬ζƬҲʧһ㣡
ԣʥ൱ڶ
ˣҪʥǷǳѵġңһʥ䣬ͻ黹ƬءҲÿ綼ܴôԭΪֻĻκһ²ͻݽ߻
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ŰɫʣҶɫ֮ǰƺԺɽ˵ֻСС֣˫ûƴڣʥ䣬ζ˫Ҫˣ
֪ƺԺʥ仹ɽƺԺ
Ҷɫԭ˫ʥȣ໥ƺ⡣ڣһʥ䣬ζʥߵһᴦ·磬ֱӾͷֳʤˣ
һ˲ҶһƺǸȥ
ıߵʥ䣬ȥΪ˫˻ƺǣ
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һĻҶĿһ£ʥƺԺģ
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ΪԺԺͻȻ
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ҶɫģҪɱң
㻹ţȫˣԺԵһͻȻڣɱ⡣
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׿ϰĻԺʥɫҲЩˡȻǶΪҶйŽիʥڱӣô޼ɵ
ҶĬһᣬȻ̧ͷʥߣһɱӣڶҽȫ˾ۼΪƺԺһҰƺסˣҴ˻ɱɽ
˵⣬ҶӴ󣺡ԣԺ治ڣҪΪҶһ˾͵ֵˣ
ҶĻԺһ飬ô󣬵ȴû
׿ϰȴҶ˵ԼİԺһˣβŭǣҶ츳ǿҰԺ˶㣬ͿɱˣʵǿǲζҾͿɱ㣿Ϊһң
ǰҪԴСû˵ҶϾǰ˲֪꣬Ҳżʮꡣ
׿ϰһ飬Ҫ˵ʱԺֹȻҶɷϣһسǣӹΰǣ֪ɱԺ£Ժж˶㲻Ҫϳ㣿ҶһԺģìܣгͻΪηҪ
նݲ紵Ҷ
һ㣡׿ϰҶ
Ҷֱ׿ϰҶǳˣ죬ҪΪԼΪ㰵Ժ޼ɵѹԺϧǣʵҴ˻ȥʱģΪԺԣһԺģѵһҲͿˡǣأ
˵⣬ҶЦһǲ˸˱ԺѧȻΪλҪһȺʱұºֵ˻ţ׿ϰˡֱԣ֮ԻҶĺֻ˵ҵġûʵҪ͵㣬ûʵҪߵ
Լǿ׿ϰ
Ҷ׿ϰУʱȻϡԣҺܵ͵ȻˡֱԣʵͲ׿ϰˣ
ܵ͵׿ϰЦãԭܵ͵ײʥߣܵ͵ģҶĺ뿴ߵʱӡҪǱȻȻҲÿߵʱʲôӣ
׿ϰĻҶһ飬ϼһǱ˰ɣһʥߣԼһ߾ߵƤúʲô̶Ȳ˵ֻ
ԺҲ΢΢ҡͷҶȻеǷᣬ׿ϰ˵ⷬȴЩʧˡ׿ϰ˵Ҳо˲ףһҶԭ룬ӦҪΪԺġԺ˵سйƺԺкܴĹףԣ⣬ǣȴӣ
ҶɫһԺԺҶȻԺƺд󹦣ǣ˴Ӱʵ̫ӡԺ߲֮УǿҲ֮ǰǰ赭дĽҹȥбضԣǱҪһ
ҶԺȻԺ֮൱סҲǣΪԺ£ԺʥǿպΪҿɽǣҽƺԺҵ鷳ͲϣҪƺԺԺѧҪƺǵѧһ˵ɽ˵ΪƺԺѾùˡǣԺ£ԺΪʲô
Ժ˳ĬΪƺԺȷʵûΪҶʲô
ҶЦһȻԺһɷϣһЩôȴҲ˶ˡԺ˵ܹ޾⣬⻰ԺԼ𣿷ǲŵġ
˵⣬Ҷɨʥһۣ˵ôֻ࣬˵һ顣ҶƺԺҲǷƺԺ෴ģҶδƺԺ顣ǣһʲôĲǽλĳͷ
һʥߵҶҵ֪ΪԺ˺ܴĹסǣɱԺӰ̫ǱҪһ
Ҫ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷȻһӣңǸɽˮɵԺǰҸһԺ㣬Ӵ˿ҶȥԺϰһְҴӴ˿ҶƺԺκιϵ
˵꣬Ҷת߳˴
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953 ɱ㣬Ը
Ҷ߳˴˲Żع
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Ժеһͷ
λǰҲˣ
ʱ˫Ժ΢΢һȻæҶ׷ȥ
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ȻԸϰһְǸһһʥǿߵҲʡȥ˼ҽڣ
ΪƺԺҪĹġҪҶףûҶȻܹصסƺǣҶûƺԺıӻƺҳȥһʥ
ȥ˿ҶԺϰһУȫѾͷ𣡡

һһ䣬ԺȴǳĬ
ܿ죬ҶƺԺϰ鴫ƺǡ
ûҶϰԺˣ
Ҳ٣ļٵģƺԺ߲Դ¿𣿾ȻҶϰ
ѾԤϵˡҶϰѪֶɱԺôˡҶϰѳסˣ¾ͲǱôˡ
ˣҶϰˣǵҶϰӦǵЩ㲻ҶϰһߣƺԺͲ˰ɣ
ᣬƺԺѾ˵ˣ֮ǰһв䡣ߣҪʱұ䣬ھߣԼȥسȥ
û䣬ȴǿϧҶϰ֮ǰûңǸصסƺԺежĥɱ¿
˵ɣԺ߲飬ûйϵֻҪӦǵЩͺˡ

ҶƺԺĽϰұһȨƺǴ˲Сĺ䶯ȴҲ˶ѡƺǵ˵ֻҪҶӦǵЩƺԺͺˡ
ҶȻҶҲ˺ҶͲҶ뿪֮ûʲô̫ĹϵΪûǵ棡
ˣƺԺİ£ƺǺܿͻָƽûʲôἰҶ顣
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Ҷ̧ͷʣʥ߾ǿߵԱǺεȵĿֲ
֮ϣʥǿٳ޿ռ䡣ʥҪս޿ռ䡣Ȼܵݣݵʥǿ׷ɱ˫Ϊʥߵʵֲ̫ˣ޿ռ䣬綼ᱻǴ򱬣
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ҶҡͷѾҵˡ˵ţҶһһľӳϣ⾵Ҳ鿴һ£һɴСֻҪ߶ܹ˲令סȫҪһܹԷĹⶫӦô˵ţҶָһľ˫ǰ
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Ҷ˵ͷҲ£⾵ӺܲңڲƵ£⾵ӦûʲôЧԺԼĥɣ
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ҶͻȻץס˫֣΢΢ָ⼤һξѪǾ֮ϣ͵һȻһû˫ü֮С
Ҷɿ˫֣㣬š
˫һҶǷһĨЦݣ漴ˣ䳯Ҳ棬Ҫ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ֪ҪʲôǣǺúôƺԺԺ֮飬Ǳȥ֣ЩҲֵܹġ
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ð벽޾⽣ۿʱͻȻУⲻʱѾֽʻĻһý۶ɵɽˮ
ʲôãҶʱûз֡ţ϶дãΪ⸱ɽˮ޾۳ģ
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ԭúоµģϧΪҵ˵飬òʱ
úϢɣ飬һ㱨ģ
Ҷ飬˫˵һ䣬תҪ뿪ʱһŭͻȻƺϿ
Ҷɱ㣬Ը𣡡
ըףƺɽš
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954 ȭ
Ҷһ飬Ȼصϳ󣬷Լⱻϴ˵顭
ʲô˫Ҷ
ҶƤЦⲻЦûʲô͵㶫Сļһʥء
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ҶЦģҲģ
˫˵ͷȻתȥ
˫ߺҶصԼķС
ڴϣҶ˫΢գʶ֮Сʶ֮еǸɽˮҶٴ
ɽǼ򵥵ɽˮǼ򵥵ˮӻ⸱ɽˮЩ׾ӣӦ˵ûʲôĵطһжôͨôƽҲûʲô˵ƣʲô
ͨǳͨ
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ɽǰҲˣˣƺԺɽһʥ߾ǿߡҲ˫֮ĳ޴ﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡҶЩǣ˫һûзʲôս
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ˣҲͬһʱ䳹׻ͬʱһ䳤ǧɵĢ붸Ȼƺг
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£ҶҲԼһŵˡԭΪһҲǺһҵģû뵽һȻֱӰҸˣˣҺ񻹲ȥˡ
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ɫܲÿ
ҶڨЦЦᣬȫһᣬġ
׿ϰһڣҪ뿪ƺǣȻھصڸӰˣ


955 ˣ
뿪ƺǣ
׿ϰĻҶɫɽʱ޲ó⣬ƺǣ
Ӧ˵ƺԺҪȥ
׿ϰԵ΢΢üΪҲû뵽׿ϰôȻҲ޲ڸӰҶˣǣȴҲֻ룬û浽ҪҶƵĴ㡣ϾǿҶȻǸֵļһƺԺƺйġ
׿ϰЩ˽ˣ
һ˵ҶȻЦŵ˵ͷãߣ
˵ţתߣͣʱ׿ϰôˣߣҰֻҪңһῼǿƺǡȻÿҿˣ
ҶЦЦ׿ϰˣ
׿ϰɫ΢𣿼Ȼ㻹ߣ
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֮ǰ֮ԲҶ˵ȻΪ׿ϰӡҶˣȻʲô˵ʲô
Ϊҳƺǣ׿ϰЦ϶ʱڹעֻҪǣضᱻɱɵȻ֪㡣ԣҳǣǣҲڳſתתȻǵùԹԻصƺ
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һۣǴӶԷɻ
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ϯĻӰ۾һǺܿ죬еɫְȥҶʵǿҲƤӵĶ֣

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үү˵ʵӰЩ
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˵ʥߣ޾һλʥ߾ǿǰԷ¶о
ҶԭԪ޾뻹ˣûʲô塣ƣվĻҪڶԷϸûʲôġ
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ʱҶǰĿռһ󲨶Ҷ΢΢üǴȻҪ˫Ը²ܹģһҪжԷľΪֻоܹҵԷĿռ꣡
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ղΪʲô͵ϮϯԣҶͻȻʵ֮ǰڶԿɫʱԺ͵Ϯ㲻öԷ䣬˶ԷǿԵġ
ϯָָһԵ׿ϰˣǳֵ³ս̻ᱻ֮ڡ˵⣬ϯͻȻҶ˵֮۲һİɣ
ϯĻĿҲҶϡ
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ҶĻϯɫȻˡ
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Ҷϯ΢΢ͷһ˿͡ҶԸȻЩϲò˵Ҷ⵨Ƿǳõġر⵨Ϊη壬ܹһ;֮ߵĸԶ
ãɽǧ㣬û㵽㡣ĳ֣ɽѾԼСĴƺǡϧΪĳ֣ɽʧأǴɽһϵмƻ㣬ĸ
Һܲף
ʱϯͻȻɽƺԺһֱల£ΪҪٽƺԺҿ㣬壬壬Գ壬ʥԤıҲֻǵΪƺԺ
Цһϯֻ˵սŸտʼƺԺңûܹסƺԺŲУŽիҲС
Ļ˭ϯ
Ժ֪ģ

ʱͻȻһը죬ţɫ֮ۻɫ׵ĿҶ
Ϊ֮ǰǿгɫףˣ˿֮ҲѾǵˣ
һĻƤһȻ֮ǰѾһɫףɣڣ֮

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˸㵲ǷһĨЦҵҪĸ㵲׽٣
Ҷǳص˵ͷԷȷʵһ˵ţҶ忪ʼ½
ǺɫЯſֲƥѹǷ建ȥԭػǷĻڴ˿̶Ť
źɫ׵£Ϊɫ׵ĿҶҲܣǿѹõ̲סЩ⾳ֿ˿̿¶Ѿ̱ڵˡ
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һԵɫ˲ˣ
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ŭһҶȴǱϯ
޷ɱҶֻٴζǺɫ׳֡Ϊɫ䣬ǷҪˣ
㾿ʲô
ɫ׺Ҷڱ޾ĿϢõΧռֱӷ
˿̣ĿҪˣ
Ҷܼͣ򵥣ҪΪʥ֮е鷳ҪƺԺһҵš㿴ǲǺܼ򵥣
Ϊʥŭ𣬡ĴΣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻҾͲˡǴһɽ٣


967 ͣеģ
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ƺǵĻԸҶһ٣ɽЩɫײɽǶεɽٵˡɽ˵νǰɽصˣˣ
ɫ׵һЩʵϵ͵ֿܵģرЩޣ
ܵ˵ȥɽҪ٣޸Ҫ
һ˿̣˫۶ЩɺˣڵɱʵʡɼɱҶѾ˺̶ֳȣ
Ϊܹвң
Ҿв㣡
ҶɫҲͻȻӺúõͻƣɽҪһšãǲҳΪʥӾһᡣ׬ˣ
ǲΧĿռѾʼѿʱһҪĻɽ
ҶߵϯȻҵǲб¾ɱҰ
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ΧﷶΧڵĿռ飬һǿϢҶϯȥܿ죬Ϣͱϯ
ϯһȻҾãĲˡ˼СֻΪʥѣɽȴʥȫֹ°ȷʵص
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ϯʼ磬ǺûñǵģڿϷˡ˵ţתҶ˵ҲþûˣǽÿԺú棡СӣĵĴţϷڣ˭Ҳκβ㣡
Ҷ΢飬ԺҲЩ޳ܰ
ҶϯһһͣԱķˡ
ʣ֮۲ϵͷźɫ糯׿ϰ˻ɽʥȥһαһǿҲԽԽ࣬˫ʥ߶Ѿͷˣ

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ҶϯûаֽŸУ˷Цſ
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Ҷ˵ͷǳ룬ÿܲܳȫˡȫǲ˼Ǽ棬浽ɽΪֹ˵ҶȻƽޱȣȴ͸һɱĺ⡣
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ϯĿһֱҶϣֻҪҶ֧Ųס֣
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ǷϵһЩҲʼˡ

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ǷĽɫֺȻѣҶ׹ѾǷȺУʱҶɫ԰ףҲɪɪ·ʱҪڵһ㣡
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˫ֻֽҪҶȼֲסУֻҪҶֲסϯͻȣʱɱҶĻᣡ
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˫΢գΧռٴηһɿ񱩵ƲΧǻüͷӵŤʾŴʱǶô
ϯɫʯ٣ǴĶҪһꡣȻе㲻ܣǴʱѾ˷ıԵʲôһģ

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ȻǷɽٳɰʥ϶ΣյġǣĿǰΪֹõİ취ˡȻɾͰʥңңڣ
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ΧһЩһԹĿҶҶȻǲİġƺɽսǰɱǲ֪֮ͬǰҲΪԵʣõɽ޲
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ҶϢԽԽǿ֮۽µĺɫҲԽԽֲˡϯ˸Щɫ䵽Ϊֲ̫һ΢·ɽԶ̵ƺǶΪҽ
ȻʥԽԽˡϯ˻ãȻҲҲûʲôԹԡϾʱҶǸһģҶͻƵʥ˵Ҳһ¡ʣô飬Ҷ˼װû
ԣƺԺʥ˵һҶƺǵһûᡣ
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ʥֶԿۣ֮˫С뵣ǡ֮ǰֻ˵ڣȴۼˡеҪֲٱ
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ջĿ⣬ĬãȻѣоˣΪĺܶȱ㶼չ֣ΪѣıԼȱ㡣ĵˣᷢ˺̣ܷܲ񣬺ֶܲΣ
Ѿоˣ˫û´Ӧú١
ɿһ˫ȷʵ٣ɳйءҲĸùĺѣΪĸãȥ˽ڣΪһЩ⣬Ϊ۵ӡ
۵ӣ˫۵ӣ˫Ҷţκһ϶ǻὫ䵱Ǳģû뵽ҶȻ۵ӡ
еŶ԰ɣɵһʼҲŵġ۵ӣڵˣڵһʦҲΪԼ˹ϵȻⲢȫڵĴΪЩõԸЩƫˡҲΪЩűˡ
ѹ֡˫΢΢ͷѹһЩϻܹ
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ҶϢϱǣǿϢõΧЩ̲סˡ
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ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţɮԳһͻȻȺֶһڣֱӺɨʮˡɮԳͬһöڵ㳯Ҷȥ
ϯɫ󺧣Ҫ֣ȴٸסˡ
ҶΪһͻƵʥ㴺Σգ֮ʱʣĴЦ
ɮԳҶǰʱҶͻȻ˫ۿɮԳǰʥˣ


969 ڤ£
ɮԳ΢΢һû뵽ҶѾͻƵ˰ʥǺܿ죬һĨӿϣǰʥΣһǸ߼ʥ
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ȭδȭƾѾҶǰҶΧռɲǼѿһѷҶܣҪҶɡЩռѷ춼ҶĽסˣҶλõĿռ䲢ûбʴ
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ҶصƺǺ󣬾ֱӽԼƺԺƺ޽ֺ֮С
УҶڵأһɹɿ񱩵ϢЩϢѹΧĿռ䣬õΧռ䲻ϼš
ȻͻƵ˰ʥͻƵе㼱Ҳûʱȹ̣ˣھ绹رȶԣһصƺǣͶ㵽׼Լȹ
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˵꣬Ҷһӣǡһ˲ɱ롶ǳǰ
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970 ˫ץ
ҶմͲͲֱӻһ׹ûüġҶԴ΢΢һţϢӿС
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һӣͲһâûüģܿ죬ڡǳһгС
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ȴܹǳ֮Ϊǳ֮ԶңԶ򣬾Ҳ޷šżǿߴǳ֮Ĺȴϡƽö֮ǳ֮ҲͲˡ
⡶ǳҲͲеĽܣǰ¹Ժһǿ֮ã֪ʲôԭֻвбһʼ¹Ժ䵱ҪǺܿ죬ͱ¹ԺѧԼһЩǿ߷ˣ
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ɲͬһӴˮݣ˲ը˿ھޱȣһը

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ȻҶ׼ʱڵСͻȻӿһţЩǹ⾡սСС
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ţҶϲΪ֣Щ̺˺ǹɫӴû໥ͻˣ֮Уһɫһǹ⣬ߺƽദʹżһҲûгͻѸٷֿ
˵ǹ϶ǱСеˣ
ѹסеļ˷ܣҶʼǳ֮Ҫǽǳ֮ڣȻγһԵǺˣǺγɣڹؼʱ̣աǳĴ߶ʽ߶ǺˣǺڴǳ֮ͻγǳ֡
ΪȱԵʣһǳžˣЩǳ֮ͻɢ䣡ԭͲڵĽǣǳ֮ʱҲܵ˵ĥġΪƾǿǳ֮ڴ߶ǳ֮ʱǳ֮ٴͻ˻û֣ȰԼˡ
ȴᣡΪǳ֮ʱѾǵǳ֮˺룬ǳ֮ʱѾͻ
Ҳ˵ǳʲô֢
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ȻҪԭΪ̫˽ġǰŽᣬǻԼֶΣ޸ռϷ磡ϧǣÿĵ׶һС̣ͷ˽Žһģ
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ͬʱŽիҲ½Ԯ
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Ҷüͷһ壬ʱҵͻȻ򿪣Ӱҡ
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971 ǻˣ
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Ůֽţ
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ƵҶһƺŽիվᱻûΪǵ۹ֻݣɲ˴µġʥĿѾݣڽΰ·;УҪ㣬ǵҪ󡣡
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ҫҽʥ
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Ȼⲻ޴ʩչģԴʱɮԳʵһܹʩչһΣҲɮԳ֮ǰΪʲôʩչʯԭ
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ǧ֮⣬Ҷ˫ԶȥһΣֻ֮֮ҪʧƵ֮УͿԴ˫ýԼϢʱǾͽһ٣
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979 ˶ңŮ
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£ǰ̤һţҲֽ˿˲Ϣ֮䣬˾ʧԭء

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ģΪԷҪֻӻرʥʥߣҪֻصҲҪһʱ䣬ǻûбٵ¡ڣû죬Ƹز磡
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981 ʥˣ
Ҷ˾ͽƵǽʦµǷƽ⣬޾⣡
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˵ţҶ͵һϥǶŮӵĺ󱳡
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һԵܰҲǾ鶼͹˳Ҷ˿ûͣ˼ʱһæĳҶȥ󣬴磬𣬱ˣҸղŵĻǿЦģϽˡ
ܵҶԣȻʱҶȴͻȻתȻһȭԴϡ
죡
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Ϊ׵һЩܱâϮ˫۳ȻԼͬ飬Щδ󺧣ϳˡ
󣬴磬ͣ£ͣ°ȥİһԣܰС
ܰĻҶѪȥ࣬ܿ죬бΧЩâҲ糱ˮӿڣâʧЩܶʱָ
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죡
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ŮһھѪڵ䶯һᣬģʱҶȴͻȻٴγǰţһü䣬֣ѪȾŮա
ڣڸһᣬҪҪȭͷ
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£ͷɫͻȻԳԽ˵档
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ֵһ˵ͷܳȫһ˴˼գۣϸ΢ȫһģһ
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ʱҶȴͻȻͣһ⽣ϣ⽣üģͬ붨һ㡣
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Ҷ֪棬ܹɱҵģкܶˡ˵⣬Ҷܰ죬סǸû̫ϵΪһ£壬ʥҪɱ㣬Ҫô죿ѵԷ˵δϴ󣿡
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Ϊ׵ĻͻȻ֪⣬ǣ֮ǰѾһ¾ƺԺɽ֮顣


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⣬Ҷһ飬ΪʲôóЩΪôˡһ̣ɱƺϯһ٣ô˵ģ
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ǣӵҿ̹׸㣬ԷҲӴҪ֣ûдӦԷûǿ󣬵һǾ岻ܲκƺԺ顣ˡֱԣһΣƺԺʧ
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СԣȹŽիţƺԺʰˡʱ¾Ƕˡ߳
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ɣԷͼ岻죬ߣҲǳصġ
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ʵ֮ǰͶ岻ϣƺԺ˵޹ʣԷôܻΪƺԺԼȺҪ֪׽սǿʥ߶İ
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㣬һֱ˵¥ǧǿôǸ¥ǧ˭ǿܰͻȻʵ
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ȷʵΣգʱͻȻ˵ԡ

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ʥ£䡱һҶе⽣ȻѣţʥߵֿסҶĺ


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˵һ䣬ţǺɫ͵һҶֱӱĳ󵹷ɳȥһ̣ҶȴǹʧԭأٴγʱѾں˵󣬺һذײ˺˵ĺ󾱣
Ҷںһ̣˱Ѿת壬ȻʱͻһӰͻȻس˺˵󣬽ţһذײ˺˵ĺ󾱣ͬʱҶذҲĨ˺˵ĺ
ӰȻӰ
΢΢һ٣Ȼû뵽Ҷа֣һô죬Ҫ֣ȻʱεͻȻѹϣʹ΢΢һ١ôһ٣ذ׷ֱĺ
ǣҶȴɫ䣬Ϊǰ˾ȻֻһӰһĻҶаá
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Ҷ˲ǵѪǰԼԪԪʱҶͫ΢΢һΪ˿̵Ԫ֮ϾȻƣ
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ҶĿǰΪֹûʱҾãӦƴһ£ܹƺԺǹŽի˵Ҳһ£𣿡
ƺԺǲǾͲɽ壬Գ壬ԼʥͻҲ֮ǰΪʲôҪ֧ԮƺԺԭ򡣡޳Ҷԣ˵ĺеƺԺ˵ȷʵһ¡ǣܹ𣿡
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УƲƲ죬ҶԸȽ˽ġܶʱҶȷʵ˵һܶʱһ޳ܵļһ
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993 죡
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ҶҡҡǻЩѣεԴȻ΢΢ͷһ˿أⰵڽĿֲе㳬󡣿˵߶ⰵڽʥҲ׷ǣⰵڽʵֲ̫ˣ
ңΪٶʵ̫죬ЩܲסҪ֪ѾﵽһΪֲĴڰӲʥһܹͦסģȴеܲסⰵڽٶȣ
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ǿĵľʹеĻҶ߶޾⿪ʼѹڵɱ⡣
˿ˣõĻᡣ

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ҶԣѾѹСסҶָжʱһȴǲҿҶŪ˸ʲô⡣СǶЩηĿҶ
ȻҶѾָûʲôˣʵȻ˿̣ҶɻǰɫģУɢһоļµĿֲɱ⡣Ϊˣ޾ռϷ磬ˣһֱҪ޾⾻Լɱ¾֮ģ
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ɫҲԪĿƽ˫۳׹⡣
ԪһӣȻŴ˿𣬲ڲƺԺ顣ŵߣ

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ӻ£ǺĿʱԪֲк£סԪԼŵˡ
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ҶԸ񣬷Ƿǳ˽ġҺңҾһҪŪˡһˣȻ壬Ҷһܹ֮»ˣһ
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ԪԽԽȥˣʱҶһʥȥƺԺʥŽիʥ߻Ҫɱһֻô򵥣𣿡
Ԫ俴һԥʱǽӺȻûжˣʮϢʮϢڣ취Ҷ㣬ʲôνŵӣȫҪ
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ԣҶ˫΢У˽ӣû뵽Ȼᱻӿܿ죬ҶĿǺϡ

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ӵĻԪһܣȻ֪ģǣ磬˭ܹʥƳɿܣЩŵģȴȥӡǿɲȥӣ
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ҶͻȻһõһʥ߿ܡԪҪɱҪɱ;Ҹǣ˭Ҫȶ֣Ҿʥ߿ܸ˭ƴƴҾԱͬھ
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ӿҶΣȻҽ˶ЩŪˣ

һŭХȻҶ͵ؾһǿ֮õóſ˵ɪɪһЩҲܲסһſ˵ϣͬǰţ
Ҷûеֵǹǰ˾㵵Ŀ֮УǹҶʱҶȴһ鶼ûУ
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Ҷŭȵ峤׷ˣλͬ峤㾹Ȼô˵ǲ뱻Ƥ
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ΪʲôҶ
ֱɫֱҶûɷ֮ǰ˵һУֱң㲻Ǹʲôˡ
ֱ
Ҷһ飬ȻȻأ
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Ҷɫ֪һ͵ڻ峤˼ҵļƻˣ
ֱɱɫԷƳɽūѪѹɵİաǣܶ֡Ϊ˿ɫ֣Ԫض֡ңɫȻûʲô̫вǶƺ˵ȴһв
ֻҪһƺײȥƺҪһˣ
ԣֻȡ
ҶĻɫó֤֤ĴˣֻҪõĳνʲôˣҾ㡣Ȼ͸һݣƾǰһ仰֣Ȼǲܵġ
֤ݣ
ЦһҪ֤ݣͻóˣϰˡҿѪ϶ͨķʽõġ
ĻɫҶʱĿЩˡ
ʱҶͻȻЦԭһ뱩¶ģû취ˡΪҵı¶峤ļƻˣʮ嶼
˵꣬ҶͻȻӿһɫƬܿ죬ЩɫƬסҶȫңҶԴϳɫǣ
䣬ʱõģһʼܴ󣬵ʵİСûСˣûùڣΪܹסɫòԣ
Ҷ⸱ģ˶סû뵽ҶȻܹʱҶֱǰ˰
崫Сг𾪣࣬㣬㾹ȻùĴУ㣬㡭
崫һǴģû뵽ǰһྐྵȻĴУʵЩš
ҶҪ֤𣿡
ҶһĨӣգ΢΢ҡͷ㲻νʲôˣҲضĪԨԴգ㣡
˵꣬תͷһŭȻһݺײ˹ȥ
һĨҡһ䣬ָ˱壬һֻ˿ľ޴ǣ
һһûսǽաǺǲʱġ
֮ҶһջĿ⣬ȻһԵԪԪ۽΢һһԵС뽣ūƣ£ȻҶ֮飬պ㣬տڹŽիƺԺݲƽϡ˸ߣ
˵ţҪ˺ѿռ䣬뿪ƺǡ
𣿡
ʱҶͻȻƺϿ


1000 
ɫ΢䣬ѵҶҪԪ
Ԫ˫΢УתҶôȷҪŵӣ
ҶЦЦҶжг𱨳ʦжֻҪŵ˲ңҾŵ˳֡ԣг֮⣬ŵʱȥ
ȷܹңԪҶ
䣡
ҶͻȻչһԽҶҶлȪֱָԪҪ𣿡
Ҷ£Сʥ߿һֱԪߡ
Ԫ˫ֻ˸ɭɱ뺮â
Ҷ
ʱͻȻ֪㲻ţǣҲΪƺԺĵƺԺĻܹŵķ񱨸𣿡
Ұ֣Ҳֵģ𣿡Ҷŷɵ
ɱǾԲֱ֣ҶǣǾҪҲֻ㣬ƺԺŽիɱԪϣңŻɽߡʱƺԺŽի
ҶĬʱ˫ߵҶԣȻҲԪǣʱɱҲݵġƺԺǹŽիʱŵı
ɱƺԺ֮仹ת徵أɱŲƺԺΪУҲǳ֡½Ҳߣ֪в˳ǣΪƺԺԼƺˣߣ𣿡
ĬãҶɨһ·ƺǵȺȻʼ磬Ԫˣˣ
ԣɵŶʱһҶʥߣҪԪǷǳпܵģҪǣҶôɻųΪƺԺԼŽիĵˣʱǶŻƺԺ˵һ¡
һҶûԶΪ
Ԫ俴һҶ˫Լ½ǼţյһУϷذٱ֮
ԪĻɫһףˣ
㻹Ǳˣ
ҶͻȻڳ𣬽ţһ⻮ƳգԪȥ
죬쵽£гСԪ⣬ûܹĹ켣
ҶֵһɲǣԪɫ䣬û뵽ҶȻı⣬ֱӾͳ֣Ҵ⣬Ԫֳǰһ̽ǰĿռŨ˲һĿռݡ
飡
ҶŻȪֱֱǿռ֮ϣռݾһһ̣ҶлȪ͵һ
䣡
һ죬ռݺȻѣݺնԪ
ԪƤһһһֱ۴ֵǹУǹԪһŭȣǰ͵شҶĽϣ
䣡
һը죬һԽǹ⴦͵ɢʵĿռһ˲ѿһռѷ鲼ʣޱȣ
Ҷ޾ⲻӿѹԪԪ֮ƶԿҶ޾⣬һʱ䣬˽
Ϸ֮ǹ򲻶ڲ
Χռܲϲǿֱ̮ܿ죬ռ䱻ط޸ǣ޸ռֱ飡
·˫һԵС࣬΢΢ҡͷʱ֣ԪգҶ޷աģҶ֧Ųסһ֡
˫΢΢ͷȻ̧ͷʡ
ʣҶԪƬ֮˾ķ֣ԪеĳǹȻڻ
˿̣ΪʥߵԪ·磡
ʱҶлȪͻȻ΢΢һƫһԪǰͬʱԪеĳǹҲҶǰ
䣡
䣡
죬Ҷǹĳ˰ɣԪ˺ʮɵľ룬ǣԪؿڶһѪԪǹҶǰһۼûܹ¡֮㣬Ȼǽ׵Եʣ
Ҷ֮Ը˻ˣҲΪ׵Եʣʵ֤н״ڣȫҪ
ûнףҶȻԼȥӲʥ߾ǿȫһģȻǿûǿܹʥ߾ǿߵĵز˽׾Ͳͬˣ޾Ľףʥ߶Ժ
Ҷ΢ƣ˹Žի͵ЩװȫʥߵʵҲϴǿǹŽիõĶЩ˵ϣǴһϣǷ˹ƶܹ߾ǿ߹У
ԪʱɫǼѿ˶ǰȻһʥϸ˵ˣ
裬ܴ裡

ԪһŭȣһϿգУԪֳǰһ̽ɲǼ䣬ԲڵȫӿȥûڡУԪ˫ֻ̧ͷƲ˲Ƭ̼䣬Ʋ㻺߷ֿţһֻԺǿպɶɢµĹϢ
Ǿ֮еӴѹ֮ǿ֣
һĻ˴󺧡
ʥ߶ǽմսˣʥ֮⣬˼ʥߵʵֻ֪ʥߺǿǲ֪ʥ߾ǿ˺̶ֳȡڣ˼ˡ
ʣһƺɽữΪ촷ۣ
ƻĹ涨⵽ʥ߾ǿ׷ɱ
Сԣ˫ʡʱԪһѾԻء
С΢΢ҡͷĶ֣ʥߣȻʥߣȻҪνĹ涨ңʥ߷裬ƻ磬ȻʥϹµġ
ˣ
˫΢΢ͷȻԶҶһ˿ǡ
Ҷܹסһ
ҶΪʷһ԰ʥʵɱʥߵ
ⲻ˫뷨Ҳǳ޵뷨
ԪҶ˫΢У֮ɫɱһʥߣǣ͵Ϯ£ʱƵʵûеõķӡڣһʥ߾ǿߣһӳʵʥ߾ǿߣ
ҶͷеĻȪһ˲еĻȪȻһͻȻӿɫҶӿȥЩɫӿڣҶɢ뽣ֱ񷣬ԪľƶԿš
ڿһƬʶʱŤ·ҪҪѣ
Ҷվҿ㵽ж
ʣԪը׾죬ţֻʺ׹¡
գ
Ҷһŭ𣬽Ҷһƾâ˺գʾּȥ


1001 ȼּ꣬ȼ꣡
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âֻ֮ϣʶȻһʿռ˲ѣһӴֵĿռѷ鲼ʣ
ҶⰵԪƳѷ죬ʽš
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ˣ
ҶĽͻȻըѿϸ뽣ҶϳݺݺԪֻ֮ϡ
͡
˵Ŀ֮УЩ뽣Ǿ֮ϣ΢΢һ٣һ̣Щ뽣ֱûƣɲǼ䣬ƳСףʱҶͻȻһŭ˫ŻȪ͵ضžһ
䣡
Ҷ˴ֱԾһ
¡
飬˱ת˲ɢʣЩ˽ʿռľҼ·ʱҪ飬产ˣ
ܿ죬Щ˾ͱĽ˺ѣ飡
ʣݺᣬһһ𣬿ռһһα顭
˶ڿʣһʥһʥս
գҶǰܻʤݣԽ֮
ܹ԰ʥԽսʥߣΨҶҶʤҶΪʷһλ԰ʥʵսʤʥߵˣ
Ҷʤ
ǽ֮ϣ˫ãͻȻתͷԵŮǿ𣿡
Ůһ˫ȻĿ䵽еĺϣ԰ɡ
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ʱʵĿռͻȻȻѣһ޴Ŀռڶ˵СţһӰ׹£ǵӰҪ׹ڵʱһԳͻȻʣǵӰʱͣԭء
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ͷʱͻȻˡһܿ죬˫ԲǾ벻˼飡
Ϊʲô꣬
Զ׼Ԫˡ
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ʷһλ԰ʥʥҶǸսΪʥߵСҲ֮ɫΪʥߺʥ߾֮ҲΪ֪ű𺳵ͬʱҲԼûΪΪʥߺʳҶ֮Լ
Ҷ츳ֲʵδҪΪʥߣʲô¡һΪʥߣǽǺεȵĿֲ
ûûʥ߶ϰĶ֣
ݽûνţеֻҶҶǰ˭ҳţ˭ţ
һһˣӽԺҶˣ
ǰ޹ߣʷһλ԰ʥɱʥߵߡҶؽݳΪŴ˵
ԪҲǧš

ߣŵȵӣڿ񻶣ڷڣڷźǾǣ˿̣Ǽϣ⣬⣬Ҷǵģ
ߣ޿ʵҶֻоɵ壬ʥľӢ˿ҲǼɵĿҶ
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ʣҶóһöϽʯ£Ͼʯ£ڶʱԴԴϵЩСתЩɢ֫޸ƣ
һʥߺɱ
ҶȻǲɱģر¡һΣܹɱԪ˵ףǿԼϵһװûнףȪʵ˵ɱԪܻܲһ⣡
ʥ߾ǿߵĿֲƻԶ
Ȼٻ죬ҪɱԪԸƵġǣٻ
ٻǿɾͲԪˡʱԼᣡ
ΣһջǾ޴ġΪһʥ߽ūܣõԪɽϾʯȥղµһöһöϾʯ֮⣬һջǾǵõһƷƼ֣֮
ҲԪ֮ǰʩչֻƣ
һƵɼ£ȻƳ֣֮ȴ˿֣֮Ϊܹ֮ƳΪϽף޾⣬һ˲ɱ˵κһ޷ȥ֣֮
䣡
ʱңԶͻȻһţһ
ʥ䣡
޽̧ͷʣıߵʥ䣿
ã߳СһʥĪһƺԺϯ
һĻƺǵٴλ
ԺһжɱһʥߣԺ䣬Ժ䣡
ԺǺεȵʥʥ߲֪ȻսԺ

ϯû£ҶҲһͷ˵ƺԺĹǣ䣬ʣƺԺʿضᱻ͹ȡãϯû䣬û䣬ɱʥһʥߣ
˵ԭƵƺԺʱѾơ
ȻҶɲҴ⣬Ҫ֪ʥɽ󣬿ǻģ
УϯһҶȻ΢΢ͷҾ֪㲻ʧ
ңҶûͷȥ壬ôأ
ϯ΢΢һЦһᲹ㣡
βҶ۾һ
ҰŮ޸㣬Σϯ
ԣ·Ӱһ䣬ݺݵعһϯϯֹһҶ
Ҷһ飬ͷڸޣ
ϻûʱʥĪͻȻһϯǵǵ͹㡣ǣΪɱһʥߣƺԺܹˣ㣬ˣƺԺձض˭ҲȲˣ
仰Ѿ˵ˣϯ
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˵ĲʥĪһ֪ʱĪԵӣϽɫۣߣ˫ָɢļµĿֲϢ
ӵ£˳ƺϿܡ
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ҶҲͫһû뵽ͻȻʥߣһԷԼ߽ѹԵʵ
ԭҲԳ֣ڿҲֲˣӣƺԺձø𣡡
ǰԺˣϯӡ
˵أӵ
ϯ˫΢գãͻȻۣȻתͷָһԵҶӽҶƺԺԺĻֻҪƺԺˣκ˶ӣ
£ϯ˫͵һ̧ΧռһŤһɻصڱӿ˲˳еԼʥߡ
һģ̫ԼˡȻҾͳȫ㣡
£Χʥ߻ϯʱûա
һ˲ңԶͻȻӾȼ꣡ȼ꣡ϯǷԱ㾹ȻԱ
䡭
һ죬һƬ谵


1002 ʥߣҲɱأ

һԣӰͻȻһŭӰգȴ½˫ס
ӵĻƺԼƺԺѧǾĿʣУš
ԺȼꣿԱ
ⲻġ
ҶҲǲ𾪣ǵԼڵ֮У϶ԱˡˣӦþϯ
ȼ꣬ԱԶʧƬؼ䣡
ʥ߾ʲôȻõϯ˹ϵѡȼ꣬Ա
һʥĪ˿ҲǴ֮ɫȻҲû뵽ϯȻѡȼԱһʥѡȼԱǽζԶʧ䣬ֻصĻᶼûа
ϯǷ
ãʽָʣֻʣһˣ
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ֵȻҶȻ֪˭ǺʣǰǵˡȻǵˣǾ͸ɱڣԷˣõĳʱ
ܹϯȼԱ´ʵжֲˣҶһ־û֣ʩչһ˲ɱʩչ˽
һ̣Ҷٶȴﵽ˼¡
ӻδع£ҶĽʹǰȻҶȴǾķ֣ĽһӲ֮ϣ޷ڽһ磬սָǿ±һ飡

ͻȻһŭ͵һҶĽϣһɾԻȪҶϣҶʱĳ󵹷ɳȥһ̣ҶȴǹʧԭأٴγʱѾӵͬʱлȪѾӺ󾱣
ͫ΢Ȼû뵽ҶȻܹس󣬲ӦҲҶȪ⻹δ󾱣ǹʧԭأٴγʱȴҶȻһҶĺף
ϵǣҶûлңҲûжǷŽҸµ˹ȥ
ͣ
飡
Ҷ˳ȥɳǧɲͣȻûеˣҼ紦ȴǶһѪĽ
ĽȻܹƿҵķ̧ͷҶ֮дһ˿𾪡
ҶûнͣҲûӷϻһֱʧԭأٴγʱǰţϵĽ׶Ȼ뽣⣬Щ뽣˲佫
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ҶһУ֮ǰЩ뽣ʱɻصϣȻ±˽ףͬʱ綸Ȼû꣬һ佣֮ϡԪнף˫ձȪн򡭡
һĻƤһŭȵף㡭
Ҷȴûϻһ˳ӱȥ
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ˡ
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ʥߣƽʱʥߣһսҾˣ
ϰ̫ǿϰѾʥ
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ɽʥΪԺ𣡡
ΪԺ𣡡

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һԣʥĪɫѿ˼㣬Ϊû뵽ӾȻˣˣȻ֪Է֮ǰ϶ˣҲӰ
ĪԭԥãһһԵҶȻҶƣ˵ţĿ˫ϣӲʥĵģ
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ƾ㣿ĪҶ̫Լˣûװʲôǣ
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Īһ飬װ𣿡
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ҶЦЦţֻһ飬˶ãһȥʥģһ첻ȵ̫á
ĪҶΣȻʥҶݣ˵ϣǵ̫ã
˵꣬Īһʧԭء
ΪʲôʱСȻ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷȻ˫΢γĪʥˣôڵʵѾǿˡʥսǾ޴ģرϴĶ׵װ
ԶˣϾʯѵˣ
ˣ֮ǰʵûһʥսˣ
ȻСʥ߿ƣǣСҲɱĪġΪСսʥߣʵȻʥ߼ģĪѾʥõʥȣ϶вġƣȫˮ
һСƱʥĪǣƣʥЩӢֳ֣Ƕƺ˵һѡΪ˿̵赲ʥЩӢԣֻʥĪ
֮٣
Ȼ֮٣ǶԴʱƺ˵ȴһ£ΪʥĪʥӢһߣɽʥҲֱǣסҲ˵ʱɽûǿˣ
Ҷƺǣţɱޣ
Ҷ£Ŵ򿪣Գһӵʱʿսʮ㣡
ߣȻǵĶƺǵˣȴһֱ䱸ҶҶͻȻ֡
£ôܷӳˮƽˣһս߾Ϳʼڽڰˣ
ʣҶȻЩޣȻδ֣ȴʱ޿̵Щ޸ųصѹ
ʱƺǳǽ֮ϵŮͻȻһһյҶȥ߱ḧкԴ꣬ϾͿԻȥˣ
һĻŮԵ˫ɫһ䣬Ȼæɱʥߣ
ʥߡҲɱһǺüأ
Ůƽڳ


1003 ֮Ϊʳ
ŮĻ˫ֱԭء
ɱʥߣɱ٣
ǰŮӾ˭
ǰס˫һԵС࣬
ǰŮ˭Է֪Ҷܹʥ»ȥǴԷ϶ԼʵġʱҶʥ߼սǸ棬϶Ǵ״̬ģˣΪԷһѡһԵС֣
ŮҶһ̣СĿŮϣ˫ĻʱС£ȻָһһâŮȥ
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Сͫһźɫɵ
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ŮûйС࣬һһʵҶȥʱǰʥͻȻһŮȥ
һʼٶȼ죬쵽˫˶ӰǺܿ죬ٶԽԽﵽŮǰʱ󣬾ٲά裡
һ̣ҲŮζ徹Ȼڷֽ⣬ת˲䣬ƾʧУ
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һԣŮɱƣС˫΢УҲźɫû뵽ݣҶ֮⣬ܹ԰ʥɱʥߣһ׾١ǰŮ˾Ǻηʥ
ŮҶСһ˲Ҫ֣ʱҶǰȻҡҡͷ
С࿴һҶȻͣ
ҶתŮУҲ֮ɫȻαʥʵҲǼǿģǰŮ˾Ȼ׵ľɱơ
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ڤ
ŮĻҶ˫۶ʱ΢֪ɱڤʮӰʱڤ϶ͻ鷳ֻû뵽ڤôˡңһһλڤŮͬȴڵĵ£
ŮͻȻҶȥɱδѵӰŮԣ
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һܣҶֻ֤һ顣
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ڤ𣿡Ҷʡصڤһֱܺ棬ϧڤһ֪һڤȻܷŹʡ
ŮһҶȻ
ʥ٣Ҷʡ
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Ҷһ飬ԼǵĻС룬ҶҼǵãڤʮҲ˵ʮλ£ʮλ֮Уʵĵڼ
Ů΢΢ͷãھţ
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ҶͻȻ㣬ôĵھţ㣬ǲŻҰ㣿
ö˶Ů
ԣҶ˹ǰŮ˲˵١Ҳ˵˼ڤֻһˣȴѾܹʥˡ뵽⣬Ҷ̲ס鴤
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㻹ʲôҪʵ𣿡Ů
Ҷ£ʮ֮У˭
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Ҷͫһ֮ΪʳҲ˵Ůۣ֮ܳ⿪ʲôЦҶ׼ʱŮֻܻشһˡ
ҶһŮ˼Ƭ̺ʶڤŮ𣿡
Ůü΢ô֪
ʶˣҶܸ˵˵𣿡
ҲϲŮ
ΪʲôҶЩ졣
ϲܣŮ춼ڴܣ
Ҷ
ˣҪɱˣŮҶȥ
һ⣡Ҷаܹɱң
ֲǺΪʲôûգŮ
ҶǺݺһ飬Ů˾̫滹ǹԼģں˼룬ҶһϾʯ£˿Ѿָ߰˰ˣȻ۷״̬ŮˣӦûܹһս
ն
ҶͻȻһŭȣлȪ͵ضŮһ£һѩĽƳգ˲Ůǰ
һĻˡǵŮǰʱȻԼٶȷֽţת˲䣬ҶǵʧŮǰ
һĻҶͫȻһǼӳ޾ⰡǰŮʹõľʲô
ʱŮͻȻǰ̤һһ̤ڤŮ˲ҶǰȻһָҶ˹ȥ
һָƽƽ棬ûκ
Ҷ˫΢УȻҴӣһӣԪֶ˲סڤŮԪռڵĿռһ˲Ť۵ҪŮŤ۵
Ůɫƽ˫ͻȻǰһӡ
ꡭ
ΧǰЩŤĿռɲǼֽϢЩռΪռƬһ̣ռƬٴηֽ⣬ΪʮռƬһ̣ЩռƬȫʧˣ
ʧĲƬռ䣬ҶԪ
һΣҶɫǰδеءԪʥߵĹֵܹȻȴֲǰŮһ
⾿ʲô
ҶֽеĻȪԭû֣ڼŮ׾پͻȥԪһ̣֪¾ǻȪ佣ҲֵסŮǹֻֿܹŮ
ʲôҶʡ
Ҳ֪ŮҶȥֻҪʣҶܹ顢ֽ⣡
㲻أҶʡ
Ҳ֪
Ů˵꣬ѾҶǰȻָҶ˹ȥģʹġ
ҿֽܷܲ
Ҷ£ǰ̤һȻҲһָŮȥ
Ҷָ֮ϣ˸Ź



1004 ȼ꣡
Ůʵֲ̫죬ҶȥӲŮΪŮǹϵȥӲװʮа˾Ҫϵġ
ԪҲףŮǰһ㷴ûֱӱˡ
£׾װѹƶԷ뷨
ʲôģǰŮһöûСԣֱʹ
˵Ŀ֮УҶŮָһ
Ϣƽޱȣ
Ȼ˵ɫڴ˿ȴͬʱҰ
УŨŨ֮ɫ
ܿ죬˾ֵĿ֮УҶָʼֽ⣡Ůָڿϻţ˲Ϣָ֮͸ɿϸ֣֮ڲԭȵ۰סָڿϻֱҲڿϻ
ҶڲϷֽ⣬Ϣֱһ붼ûˡŮֱֻ۶Ѿɿݣһ紵ֱֱֻӻ˳
ŮԼʧֱۣû֮ǰƽݣֻ𾪣
ܿ죬Ů嶼ڿʼϻرۿٶϻţֻԼٲţҶصΪΪ޼Ѱֽⶼֲˣ
ҶҲò˶٣ʱҶ֧ұ۶ѾֽˣļλҲʼڷֽ⣡ԹýѹƣȻʹ޾Ҳֹ屻ֽ⡣
һ̣ҶŮһΪԶԷĹΪ
ͬھ
ϢŮѾϸϲƣУһƬ
ҶŮָഥ˱⸱ģʱֻв̶Ϣҵʱ䣬ˣгС֮⣬˸û׾ʲô
ҶŮҪͬھһԵС󺧣һŮȥ
ҪﵽŮǰʱʱһͻȻնԼٶȺС࣡
Сɫһ䣬֮еĿֲҴ⣬ҡһ䣬Ϊһ޴Ȼ𣬺֮ϣ
䣡
һ죬˵Ŀ֮УСֱԿ׹£ҽ·֮Уõôؾһ
˴󺧣̧ͷȥ˿̣ҶŮѾʧ
°ɣ˫ԣ½ʵȻ֪ҶŮʲôҶֱûˣֱûˣʧ
˫˫ֽգڲãһתͷһԵЩޣЩޣһĨӿ֮ϣƺɱɱɽޣ
ԭȺʵƺߣǣ߽Ӷʥߣʿ͹ȣʥֲڣˣ˿̵Ⱥûս⡣
˵Ǵ˿ֻӣ
֮ߣʿս⼸ﵽߵ㣬ˣߵȫѹȺ
޴ڽڰˣ˿̣Ѿ˵ɽڡ
ȻûֹͣҲûóȻ˫£ɵ֯Ȼ㳯ɽƽ
ʱԳͻȻߡԳĳߣѩϼ˪ʵ޷ƺԺƺԼŽի֡˫ָ£һ·ɱǷǳ¡
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˫վǳ⣬ǧУƺԺľӢйŽիľӢ˿̣Щսʮ㣬ֻ˫һ£Ǿͻһӵϣƿǳǵĳţдɱ䣡
ǳУ˿ǳΪû£ȻûܣѾһš
ʣֻҪУͻݳΪʷ

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ɱ
˫ȺһǳǱȥ
ס֣
ʱͻȻһŭţǳϿաʱΡ
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Ϊĳ֣˫ͣ
ûй˫ˣǿǺ£㵱Ҫƣ
㲻Ҷ֣
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ԣƤ΢Ȼ򲻹ǶԷȼ꣬ǾͲһˡȼ꣬ȼԼǱԼһʵ£ʵﵽһֲܿĵز
ںһ㣬ֱԱҪ
ȻԸһЩۣҪȼԱǣǲֵã֮䣬ûֱӵĶԹ
£һҶˣΣͻȻ֪ܹ䣬϶йϵǣһνĴˣǰװױǹʹ
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üͷǲҶǸνʲô˵ģǣҶǴеڵѪȴʵġ
ЩΪˣ
䣡
ʱʴţɽʥƺԺʥ߳ǳϿա
ɽʥߣƺԺʥߣ˿˫صˡڴȥ˫ض˼䣡
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Ļ׿ϰɫ΢䣬ȼԱҪƺԺƺһʧĿԵġǸʱ˼ʲôۣ֮һȼ꣬ͽζֻصĻᶼû£˭ۣ֮
û˻˵٣Ҫˣʲô
ҲЩ£ʱͻȻҽ峤һ£Ҷ棬պһ壬Ǽ٣ұʮ壡
˵꣬һֱʧʾͷ
ߣһɣȻ׿ϰˣͬھ
׿ϰɫãͻȻ˫Ҷأ
˫˫ֽգ˴ߣԷӦöûж⣡
׿ϰ˵ͷȻΪҪȼܹвǣԺѾȼԾ£ƺԺܾôˡҶƺԺԺҪսսһеԸʱ׼ȼɣģϷȼ
˫ֽգɫ
˫һȻƺţʱ䱸ȼ꣡

ƺ֮һƬɽ
ҶŮһҶİڷֽ⣬ٶȴ̫̫࣬ŮҲڲţͬģϵٶҲ
棡
ǰһµŮͻȻȡ


1005 ȻҪô
Ů£һĻˡ
Ҷڷֽ徹ȻʼϣȻеȷʵڻָȣʼָţֱҲ֣ҶԣŮҲڻָԭϸɿݵ˿ľ괺ָ
ãҶŮѻָ
Ҷ˫ۣϤһĻ£㣬ɫ
㣡ҶȻԷôϲԷأ
ΪǰŮӾߴ½ڤŮ
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ҶڤŮȥʱڤŮȻ
Ҷ΢΢һΪʲô
ڤŮĬãҲ㿴ڵӣ
ҶһɲһֱӳڤŮǰڤŮʱֱӴסˡǰŮڤŮ
˿̵ڤŮ֮ǰŮǰ㣬˫ǰϬ⣬ϵͬһнľϸ
ǲǺѿڤŮ
㡭Ҷ㵣ô
Ϊǣ
ʱŮͻȻתδûгգΪתķ֮ҵǿʹáĴ۾ڣѾһꡣһΪʥߣ䣡
˵⣬ŮߵڤŮǰֱڤŮҲףΪҪô
ҶͫһڤŮ˵Ŀģ
ڤŮĬãҪΪʥߣûôѡ˵⣬ڤŮŮе̸뿪һ£ԣ
ҽӵɱŮ
֣ɱ㣬׾٣ڤŮֱŮ
ŮƤ΢㣬ұڤ
ڤŮҶڤ˵ֻһп޵ĽɫԼλûнϣ֮Ϊһݵ˰ˡֻҪȥ˵ˣҲͽҹȥˣ𣿡
ΪʲôҪôŮ
㲻ô㻳ĺҪڤŮŮɱΡ
ңŮ˫Żĺ꣬Ҳӿɱ⡣
Ҫ𣿡ڤŮ
ŮڤŮãգջĿ⣬һǷһ飬ڣҲǷˡ˵꣬תȥһʧҶڤŮС
ŮߺҶ˵ڤŮͻȻתͷҶǲǾԼǿ
Ҷ
ڤŮһ˲˲ĿҶ֪ڤ˵ʲôڤУϣϣҪɱ㣬Ȳ㣡
ѵֻɱ𣿡Ҷ
ڤŮЩʧĿһҶԭΪԸĸģǣ㻹Ǹǰһ㣬ҲΣɱŮͬΪһɱŮڤض𶯣ʱǿߣֿܹģڣԺܶ˵ǺǿǣԺܶ˵ͬף
˵⣬ڤŮ˫ۻϣҶ㲻ΪԼҲҪΪŮ롣ǵ³Σ
Ҷ˫ֽգĬ
ڤŮֵԣǣ뽨ԵʵϡɱڤˣҲԣΪҪɱ֪ݣΪһٴΣ㻹Ҫˣ
Ҷһȷʵ嶯ˣҲݵģԺ󲻻ˣ
ڤŮһҶ磬ߴ½ȫͬʥߣʥ֮ϣд˵͡ǣֻĲ׺һڣģǿģ̫̫ࡣιȻɱڤ˵ΪǳҪãΪܻ֣֮ˣ
һ̫
Ҷ˫ֻս֪ڤŮ˵һ㶼ûڤʵ֪ǶԷһǰ˵ڤȻʵǺεȵĿֲ
ڤŮ˵ԷɳǿǰʱΣƺԺŽի˫ָΣ
˵ԷɳǿߣβڤŮ롣ʹˣҲڤŮ˲صĴۣ
磬һĵطλĳţбĳͣǣԲͬ磬ǲͬЩˣ޲콾ûǿֻиǿʹǿڤݶΪڤŮ㣬ûк̨ûʵȥݻӣˣ
ҶĬãȻΣллεģպ£һһЩ
ڤŮһҶƬ̣½Ԫƾݣ֮ǰ½ӣӦþġȻ½Ԫֻ½ҵһּҼ򲻿С½ݱĴ֮һʵҲܹġ
½Ԫƣ
֣Ҷ˫΢УΪ֪СУԷСе鱩¶ȥʣʱڤʲô¹ԺǰҶʱʮ
ԷӦòй¶ȥΪй¶ȥСи½Ԫƿ϶ûʲôϵˡԷҪõСУضܡ
Ȼһ൱˸ѱڶԷ
ܻãڵǰʥû˿Ļֻ֮ҪԷ˽ģСУʱھͲΣգ
ܵ˵ҪǿıڻҪǿ
һŮսõ֪ʵǺȻһЩ˱ȷʵǿǿЩǣһЩȣŮԼڤŮֻ֣㻹ԡ
ȻȥԼȣҪȣЩԼ˱ȣΪֻܹԽԽ㣬ԽԼȣ޷Ǿǰ״ڽ
ˣΪ֮
ڤŮ˵꣬Ҷ˵Ļᣬתһâ˸ʧҶС
Ҷ󺰣
ܺԼ
ʾͷڤŮ
Ҷ

Ƿ塣
ѾһȥƺԺûȥ׿ϰʥţ·޴š
ҶڵȣҶ֣
ճضţսһ
ʱһͻȻ˿С
ʥǿߣ
߿һ׿ϰˣˣҲϻ˫ڼȥ޷Ǿʯ٣ԣʥ飬˫ԺͣΣ
Ժͣ׿ϰЦһʥǰɽҪƺԺˣˣǿЦ
ɽܱʥĵߣߵһ׿ϰҪףⲻڸֻԺ͡Ȼ
ȻҪô
ʱһͻȻڳһתͷȥֻҶ֪ʱԶ


1006 ֻǲѣ
ҶţƺԺƺ˶ʱһر˫½ŮһûеȥҶʱ䣬Ƕ˵Ŀνʱʱ̿ڽţҶû£Ůǽģǳˣ
׿ϰҲһɣϯȼԱ˵ҶƺԺϣĳʲô飬ƺԺδûָˣ
ãҶţ
ҶɫʱҶֺּɵ˵ΪҶѾƺˣΪҶʧôˣҲ
ڵԪˣǰ׽ˡδûرĻпܻһ겻񣬴Ӵûȥ㲻ãᱻ̲Ϊ˵ĸӹ壡
˵ΪҶ
ʥڣδеҪɱһˣͬʱҶȴǻдһ˿ɵҶʵ츳ĿԿֲݣȻɵҶԸ
̫裡̫ݣȫƾԼϲã
˿̣ҶķҪɽͬھѵԼҪȼԱ
׿ϰˣģԷɽʯ٣ҶһĶûΪһһ裬ʲô鶼óģ
ûйˣҶǰȥ߱ߵ˵˵ȻҪô
߿ҶãҶ
ҶЦһͷסһ㣬Ͻ磬ƺԺŽիĵ̣ʥĵ̡ƺԺҪʲôҪʥɫ𣿡
ΪʥƺԺ߳
ƺԺڵĴʥʥ߳ҪǣûʲôѶȣҶǣǸ𣿱粻ʥһҶ󣬻޼ħڡ֮ǰǲϽ飬޼ħ֮ûǳ֣ӦǼ˵ԵʡڣǼӵӣ޼ħڻɵ𣿡
˵⣬ҶЦһûݵЩ֧֣ʥ޼ħ𣿡
߿ҶãȻֻҪԸ⸶һЩۣҪƺԺѣ
ھ͸㣬ǲԺͣԣڿԸˣҶ
߿ҶãȻתͷ׿ϰ׿ϰƺԺԺ˵ʲôʲô
ƺԺľô뱻𣿡ɫ
ʱҶͻȻС࣬˫˵ţֿţҳ֣ǣֱ֮ǣҪκλڡ
£ҶһȪϣţ˻һƾâǰ߱ȥ
Ҷֱӳ֣ɫһ䡣ãҶԸ˽һЩڼ߲вҶʱоѾ֪Ҷӿ϶ҪˡȻϣ
ֻû뵽ҶȻǳв
ֻǲ֣
Щˡ֣ҶԸ񣬾˵ģʱȼԱȻǳڵޱضҪ⡣ΪʱǳǣѾԶԶĶ֣֡ʥν
ãǾ֣Ϊô˵ҲʥߣҶŰʥʵûҪ֣ңҲû壬Ϊһ֣׿ϰ˱ض֣ʱǲʰĵز
ҶǷӣɲǷӣ
Զ߼Ҷ֣Ǿȣû뵽ҶȻҶ֣ҶǰʥѰ֮ǰջȥʥĪ̸һ£ͲᾪˣϧûУԣ֪ҶѾɱʥˣ
ɫҪ֣ͻȻ˫ԲȫëΪǰҶٶȶȻʮֹ
䣡
ؼʱ̣˫͵سǰһģһɿֲ˳糱ˮӿ˳˲佫ҶĽҶû
һĻ·˫ɫһ䣬˫ֽǵǡ
ˣ
ʣͻȻһǻ֮Ун⻮ÿһ⻮Ὣǻɫ˺ѿһĿӣϢ֮䣬߻ɫ˾ͱ˺ѵķ飡
ն
ʣҶŭ𣬽ţһ˺Ѳ񷣬ֱǰǰǿĽĿռֱѿ
ž֮ɫû뵽ҶʵȻ˵ǿ޾⣬֮ҪҶϴĶ׵װ֮ǰҶ֮бΪҶ׵Ľ״ڣʱȫ˷һ˻˵ӡ
˿̣Ҷ룬һӣһɫֶҶ
ˣ
ײһ̶ľ𣬽ţƷĺɫ̾Ȼѳһ˿˿ѷ죡
һĻƤһҪջغɫ̣ʱҶͻȻٽǺɫ֮ϣһ죬ɫ̵ɻУ˿̣ɫ֮Ѿ鲼ѷ죬·ʱҪѿ
ڵѪ

Ҷ£˫ŻȪֱֱŰ˹ȥڵʥߣҪͶܹԷһս
ҶһһĨֻƣһƶɫ棬Ȼ͵һҶ
䣡
ҶͣԭأΪĽߵĻƸסˣཻһ͵ر˲ʾͷ

һŭл˲䱩ǣһƬûʣ
ʱƬ֮ͻȻ⣬ֱӽƬ˺ѷ飡

֮Уһҽ
ǰߵģ
ɫһ䣬ʱ׼֣ȻƺԺʯ٣˿̲֣͵ڳ׵ʥڵɽʵǵﲻʥȻ
׿ϰӿҲʱ׼֣
ʣɢȥݺύţÿһⶼܹ׾ٵĽռ˺ѣޱȣ
˿̣˾ķ֣ǰһֱֻѾϣҪλһϸëף
Ѫӿ
䣡
߱ҶһɣҶ׷ʱҶ˵Ŀ֮УͻȻת˺ѿռ䣬ȻֱǱ˺ѵĿռڣʧ˵У
ˡ
ɫ˿̼ѿû뵽ʥʥ߾ȻҲˣ
Ϊʥߵ϶Ҫ˰
ҶҲ΢΢һûжྪȣΪԷ֣ΪװԵʣԷֻܱ£ӣֻܵˣϧǶԷٶ̫죬Ҫ׷ɱ׷
ҡҡͷҶջĿ⣬ȻһԵֻ̧һҪľٶһĻ˫ֽиһĨ
Ϊ֪ҶԸûԥˣ忪ʼɢ˿˿棬Ҫȼ꣡
׿ϰ˿һҶɫأǰСҪģ
ʱҶͻȻôŸʲôֻǲѣ˵ţֲ˲ϵĺˮ
ˣ


1007 ְܴܲ
ֻǲ
ҶĻ׿ϰ΢΢һ漴һʱҶҪ֣ʣ˱ضȼ꣬ʱ˿϶ҲҪȼԿˡһ̣ƺԺɽʯˣ
Ȼȼ꣬Ҳʱȼ׼ǣ£ǵûκ塣ΪһʥȼսɽƺԺ޷⣡
ãҶûʧʱ̣û¡
ҲһȻ׼ȼ׼ԣô˵ԼľʹӴʧݡ
ãҶЩ
Ի
ʱҶͻȻһ⳥ƺԺʮڳƷʯڶ뿪ɽҪԼ귢ģԺ󣬲ƺԺΪС㣬ӦԻӦ𣡡
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ɫ˲Ҷ㲻ҪΪ㡣Ƽˣ˴һʯ١
ھͿȼˣҶֱ
ɫĿ£Ʋӿ·ʱҪը
ʯٻӦҶ

ʱ˫ͻȻҶԣʵ˵ʲô£ֻʧһЩˡʮڳƷʯڵ˵ȻһСĿҲƲڵڶ㣬ǲʵĸҼƺԺ֮
˵⣬˫˶ֵһ䣬ĴĸڶƺԺ֣˵ģ壬һӣúӡ㣬һԶѰһ֮ܿսУȻúϢڻڣ廹л𡣶㲻ˣ޳ͷ֮գ
˫Ļɫ΢ɣɻ
˫ֵ֪еȼ꣬ȼֵֵãֵãһ㶼ֵáԼҪҪɽôֻǵˣʥ𣿡
ǵļң
ԶϢΪǲͬ⣬ǣǵŹƺԺ´ο϶ǣǡʱڵʵǸҾܾܾҪһαãڻң𣿡˫
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˵⣬׿ϰ˶٣ȻΪɵԵʣƺԺһֱڣΪɾӦøһᣬǰ¹ԺĴȡֻҪƺԺܹԺǰʮǾܹػݣع¹Ժ¡ԺЩΪʲôϴǰ¹ԺȵԭΪֻлع¹Ժܹȫ
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ԣҶŮĿȨǶƺԺ˵һ¡Ϊһ͵һжһѡ
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1010 Ĺأ
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ºڷ뷢ƮƮݣŵЦݣЦЩа
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Ҷûӣǰ̤һлȪЯ޾⳯ǰ˳֮ϡ

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ЦݽʧȥŻףϽνţһôЦ顣ͺñ㣬Ľһһȥݣǰʮȥ֮Ա¥ǧ˦ǵ츳⣬ǵ̬⡣һʶˣܹΪǿߣ
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лǵĺ⣡ҶǲҪ֣ԣԻȥˣ
һҶȻƺԺֻλʥߣǰ֣Ҳλǵĵˣʥ壬Գ壬ţݵˡˡֱԣƺԺŽի֣ҲȻûл·
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1011 壡
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ǰһĻڸж࣬ҲڸԷжǿȻܹԽɱʥߣ֪һЩʥ߲ûôϯ罣޳ˣó죬ȻûӮĿܣ
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ˣٺҲһЩ޵Ķ֮رЩ޵塣
ιСӣҪȥ
ʱԶͻȻһҶȥֻԶˮϲ֪ʱһСС֮ϣһһȹŮӡҶ֣Ůӽβ
壡
ԥ£ҶһҪСȻȴ㵵ķ֣Լһ𣬾ͱһεѹȥ
нƣ
ʱȹŮС˰ߡߴһۣٺЦǴİɣ
Ҷ˵ͷô֪
ҪҾ֪ˣЦΪֻҪǰٺ˶֪Ƭǲܷɵģ
ΪʲôҶ
ǶԷɹȥ廹ô׬ڵ߹Ц
Ҷ
öڵȥȥȥϷɾˣߵ
Ҷһʣнƣʵǿƿʲô£ֻδ̫ߵЩٺõ͵һ㡣
뵽⣬ҶһԾ˴ϣָһһöڵߵǰ
ôڵȹŮ΢΢һȹŮͻȻùöڵݵҶǰֻҪöڵɣ⣬ǻʽڵ
٣Ҷ
ȹŮæҡͷǣ̫ˡһöʽڵһǧöڵ㹻ˡ̫ˣ
⻹𣿡ҶЩ
ȹŮ̧ͷһҶǽģǶپǶ٣Ҫ
ȹŮӵĻҶЩ⣬һȹŮӡŮףʵЩò㣬˵ǾɫҲڷǳͿ֡
ҶĿ⣬Ůɫ΢죬æʽڵŵҶȻ˻صߵԡ
߿ҶĿЩ䱸ˡ
ҶЩˡƤȫʲôûȻָһеĻʽڵŮӵǰû˼ֻǴ£öʽڵ͵Ǳ꣬Σ
̫ˣȹŮ
Ҷһ飬ҪӲԷʽڵΪɽڣ͵Ķǻʽڵ
ҶǿЦЦ࣬ࡣ
Ůӻ˵ʲôҶͻȻðɣʵʵ˵ûڵֻлʽڵҪǻҪֻ´ˡ
Ů΢΢һȻû뵽ҶȻôĸУŮԥ£Ȼߣ΢΢ͷߵͷŮӲڳɣʽڵ㣬ʰɣֻҪ֪ģһ㣡
ŮڵˮеβʼڶɲǼ䣬Ҵͬһ㼤
Ҷһ˲Զ𣿡
ŮЩȣ㣬Ҫȥ
𣿡Ҷ
ȻԣŮӵĵ̣˵壬Ƕ޷ǰ
ΪʲôҶ
ŮӵΪʥأֻи֮ŵ˲лȥ
ԣҶһϲȻ㿴㲻ţ
ŮӿһҶȻʲô磿
ŮӵĻҶŷ֣ýԼϢ׼ȥʱŮֵʵţҲȥġ
ΪʲôҶ󲻽⡣
ŮӵΪ㲻ǰٺ壬޷ǰġ
ҶĬãûбİ취𣿡
Ůԥ£ȻһȢһٺıŮӣͿȥˡȻǰʵȻҲᱻ֮ġ
ȢһٺŮӣ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ţĿŮϡҶĿ⣬Ůɫһ䣬ȻæҡͷңңҲУҡ
ҶЦЦŮˡ
䣡
ʱͻȻˮͻȻһˮҶ˳Ĵֻʱͣ
ˮɢȥֳֳӳҶ˵У⼸ͷȫǻʽף
⼸ӣŮɫ䣡
Ϊ׵ĿֱӹҶߣȻŮϣŮʱ۾ʱһû뵽ôãȻһ㣬ϵеɱŮıˡ湻ˣܹһüǮ
ӵĻŮɲǼҰף
Ҷüͷһ壬ֻ
֣Ϊ׵Ӵһӣ
ȵȣ
ʱһԵͻȻָһ׼ֵҶڵкܶڵ͵Ķǻʽ׵ģ˵ţһУŮɽڵĻʽڵɵУǿղŸǵģлʽڵкܶܶ࣡
ԭ׼ֵҶߵĻֱˡ


1012 Ϸȫݼ
ȷ޶ࣿ
ҶȷʵЩȣΪһ㶼ǲϲʲôıƵģô޳ܵġʵǣвʱ໹ޣһˢԼĵߣ
ߵĻʱԵŮҲǾȵĿߣǲ˼飬ȻҲû뵽߻ô
ȻȴǲŮӣָҶһǴ˵аʥڵ
ߵĻǼĿ⿴ҶΪ׵˵ͻȻҶһȭ
䣡
һǿȭҶȭͷ֮кǼӻδعֱӻһ̯ѪˮˮС
һĻŮֱӴסˣһ̱˴ϣɫҰֽǾ֡
ҶջȭͷȻһŮߣǿˡ
ûж
˵ˣҶûжһֵۣһΣ˼֡
΢΢һã߿һҶҶû׷˼ԥ£ԼβˮУȻʼ
ɣˮϼһˮˡ
ϣĬãŮӼҶû׷˼һԥһ£ȻߵҶԣԣԲ𡣡
ҶһһԵߣղŵΪΪǼ˵עϣǺ𣿡
ԥ£Ȼ˵ͷǶСһĻᶼûСԡ£ǧҵĴҪɱҪжԣСһһĹûҪ˼
ҶһСȻģҲɱǵġһˣǰֱɱġǴ˿̣ȴû뷨ߵΪ޳ܵģǣȴҲǿɱġ
ΪԷûʵԷҪ뱣ȫԼŮֻȥ޳ܵΪ
ûʵˣǿɱġ˴˿̣Ϊûʵʱ˵Ҵһ˾Ͷɱˣ
Ƕ룬ҶڤԼǰ¹ԺǰҲһǿɱģ
ʵ
Ҷ˫ۻڵǷǳƵ
ʵ̲ݻ
Ҷ۾һʳϡƣһǽӹʣѣնν˵նʥߣʥ֮϶ܹһսǣ˿̽˯޷ʩչնνң㽣ѣҲʩչնνˣΪԽ˺̫ˣ
ڶƣȻ졣ʱŮʱ죬ҪɱŮӦûʲôѵġ챾ʵѾʥߣ֪֮ٱϾڿ޾ɱ⣬ɱ¾֮ģ֮⣬޾⡣
߽ϣ˲ɱʥߣûѶȡ
ǣ𣿴ǲܡʱʵ죬
鲻ã첻ã
뵽⣬ҶͻȻЩķ֣ǿĵƣȻûһԼģǽģ
ͬʱҶҲķ֣֪ʲôʱʼȻʼˡ
ûϵװԼնɱʥ
ܹڶʱڴʵǣЩվԼġ
磬⾳򣬽ٶȣЩǸ
ãҶһԼߴ·˰ԸԲܳΪΪǾͱĩˣ
еĹʣҶͨնνʱмʥʵһʩչʮӵնνû⡣ȻʮӵնνʥȻûвġ
ǣʮأʮ޷ʥвʮʮһٵٵأ
ܹһԵٵնνһնɱʥߣûѡȻڵʵҪһʩչٵӵնνǷǳǳѵģⲢǲܣ
նνһ˲ɱһԼǿһ˲ɱٶȣٶʮʱһʥɣ
Ǳˣǽ޳һɱʥߣлܣΪ֮֮ļӳ֣κνٶȷ涼ܹõȵ
򵥵˵ǣնνһ˲ɱ£޾֮򣬻нѹ˵ɱʥߣɱŮ׾١ΪŮδֽǰͽԷ
Ҫַ֪֮Լ޾⻹޾ɱİЩŽ
˵ףǲҪװҲܹɱʥߵġֻװǿõԼʵǱ
㣬ҶǷһһĨЦݡȻ޷ȥûϵΪԺеʱ䡣µľ;Ҳ̫պܾͲǿ̿ȥôȥŪ࣬ǿװˣȥûװǾͳ׷ˣ
ȻǿģֻҪ壡ʵΪװΪ
㣬ȥңҿ԰㣡
Ҷ˼ʱһԵСȻ
СĻҶջ˼Сɫ΢СҶ˶Է˼һ£Ҷ˵ͷԣ͵͵ǱһЩðաңһ֪ǱȥҲϹһܹȥѰ컯ͷĶˡ
ǾȻ㵺ɣΪֻлص壬ܹݣС
Ҷ˵ͷʾͬ
һԵ߿һСҶü˵Ƕû˵ֻǵһ̾
ԼʱСͻȻǱˮףֹ˰ʱˮһЩɱǣԼٽĽҶС
ǾǵĲ䣬㲿䣡СָԶĽȺЦߣҴȥ峤Ūݣ˵ųԶȥ
ҶЦЦͻȻһԵߣһ·ϣƺ˵ʲô
ԥ£Ȼ£ǰٺ򣬿϶ʲôĿģԲԣ
Ҷһߣû˵ת㲿ȥ
ҶıӰ˫ֻս
ܿ죬ҶСһ޴ɺ
ȵȣȥ峤С˵꣬Ȼɺڡ
ãͻȻֳֳͻȻҶܣҶΧԴԴϻи㳯߸
ͬʱˮͻȻЩѸٸסҶĽ£ţһˮɫĹ𣬽ҶС
Ҷ˫΢УԶֻһɺ˳ԣСүү
ߣû´Ҫȥ컯⣬԰ɣ
ҶûйǿССãҶЦЦүݼһһԺ˭˵岻ƭˣҵһŪ
ץȥʹͣ


1013 һ˫۾
䣡
ҶͻȻӿһƣƳΧϯǿˮˮɢ˲佫µЩϣΧҶΧЩһȫըѣ
һɹѪƮˮС
һĻСԼȫľ
Ҫ֪ΧЩ͵ľɶǻ߾лλʥװ
Ȼȫɱˣ
ҶСȥСȥֱ˵ûϵҲǿġΪʲôҪƭأҲ֪ΪıƣΪʲôֻ֪˷Һܶʱ䣬ڣǳȱʱ䣡
ʱߵСǰһжҵ⣬ҪɱҪжԡǣСûйϵ·Ź
ҶͻȻһץһӿ˲ǰ֣ߵĺǰߣҶЦЦΪͻжңȻŹ⣬ֻ˵ˣ
˵ţҶ΢΢
ǲ
һͷڳߵԴһᣬ
һĻͫһǺɫԵСֱ̱˵ϡһ̣֪Լشˡص͹ҶʵҶ֮ǰȻɱ弸ˣǲʲôΪǼֻЩСඣ
ԣȻҶǿҲǱһǿһЩѡڣ֪ԼˡǰӲһǿǷǳǿ
£ֻһᣡʱͻȻûж⣬ûж⡣ˣ㲻ϲСȫû⣬ھˣ⴦
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æ˵ͷǣ£֮ǰֻһᣬҡ
ͻȻȻֹΪҶ֪ʱǰסĲӡԼǰʥȻǰǰȻ˿ضûСʥ
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Ҷҡҡͷ͵Դֱӱֶϡֱ۾ĴģȻĿ
ʬڵϣҶһԵСò˵ݼ̫ãˡֻҲ׵ǣΪʲôҪôΪ˲ƣ
˵ˣŹ𣿡С̧ͷҶǿҵ
ͻȻûȤ֪ˣΪû塣
Ҷ˵꣬תһˮ漤ȥ
һĻСһɣȻʱһˮͻȻԶ˲ûüġ
Сһֱֱȥ
Ҷץһ㣬ķȻݳˮ棬ķȥ
˵ֻһССΪʲôôʵŲµһЩ޷ǾΪ̫󷽵Եʣ⣬鲻֮࣬ҲǷǳġ
һһҶС
ޱ޼ʣʹҶڵҲ޷ľͷڵ֮ϣһƵɽ壬ɽ಻̷ڵϿգʱо޴׺ɽ嶥˷ڶϣɫƣʮ㡣
һ˲Ҷʧԭء
Ҷ鼫Ϊһǵͷʮʶλɨн䣬Էûз
ȻܹϢʥ߶оҶǳⲢͿԺ޹˼ˡҪ֪ʥ߳أرһЩʥߣӵв˼һܾͻ﷭
֣ʵϻ˶ʥߣҪģ
ҶûжվԭأԼͬʯһ㡣ΪʱȻʱʥʶϴɨһʼΪǶԷʲôǺܿ죬֣ǶԷʲôǶԷÿһͻʶɨͺڰһ㣡
Ҳ̫䱸ɭ˰ɣ
Ҷüͷ⵺ϣʮʥ߾ǿڲʶѲ졣£ҪѰ컯컯ǷǳѶȵġ
ʱͻȻǰָָԶһ˿˷ܡ
״ҶһϲΪֻڸܵررõı²Żңǣƺ̽ܡһ㱦ϣȻΪԵʡһǿζɲһĵ
ָ£ҶСǰСΪԷһʩչ˰֮һ·רųĵط
컯ϵδòСĽ
½ȻεģΪԷΪŻڵķˡԣΣҪ½ָⲻΪΣΪ½İ³Ϊߣ޷Ҷ֪½϶һӻʹ֮Уң޷Ҳζ½ڻʮͻȥȥ
Բģ
ԼһʱһǳسҶСҶȵǣھȻûһȻȥǲ֪ںδʮʥߣΪʮʥߵʶδʧ
Щ찡
ǣҶáһᣬҶһһӰʧԭأٴγʱѾڳһӰС
ָ£Ҷһ·ǰǰܿһҶͫ΢ΪǴϷд֣޵
ס
Ҷüͷٴνڰǰһ⣬ǲΪָĵط޵Ҳ˵컯пܾ档ǣҲ棡
ûԥãҶǻһӰƮ˽ȥ
ҶͫȻһΪ֣ʶ·ʧȥһ㣬ֻҪʩչʶʶͻᱻһε赲õʶ벻塣ʶЩʥߵʶҲ޷Ϊں󣬾ûڸܵЩʥߵʶ
ԭسĬãҶɨһ۴֣ڿһʲôûУǰ棬һͷȡ
ͷȣҶصġֱΣգûǱȥĺáǣѾѵҪɣ
ôȥθģ
һҶһ˻һӰǽƮ˹ȥ
ʱҶͣΪǰһɫš
һΣҶûԥߵǰϣڻһϢʧˡ
ʧҶͫȻһΪһ˫۾˫۾ڿ


1014 ɳ֣
棬һȫŮӱǽ֮ϡ
Ůӳʴαǽ֮ϣ֫ǱһɫĳıףһƷ
֮⣬ŮӵĺһɫţǺɫһǽڡ
ɫҲǷƷ
ŮӵʵͣŮӺҶʶŮ֮УŮӵòΨԱ⡣ͬǣĵģǰŮӵȴǱ߹ģر̬˾ÿһ۶һֲˡΪ
ʱŮУƽ
ҶŮӵǰͬʱҶֿסŮӵĺŽߵŮӣҶ˭ΪʲôᱻǸ̬ֻ˵ţͱҽУ𣿡
ŮӿҶĿҶϵƬͣһ£һ˿ɻ󣬲ת˲ʧ»ָƽȻҶҪҶһ㡣
ҶĿŮϴһۣӦǺüۡ
Ƭ̺󣬼ŮûҪСе˼ջ֡ҶĿŮƿɨһܣڵǽܶһķƣЩתĺɫĿŮӺϵǸϡ
Ϊ֣ЩԴԴϵظṩ
ǸɫıƷɫãҶüͷǰ˾˭Ϊʲôᱻ˶Դ
˭ҶŮӣʵ
ŮֻǿҶû˵
֪컯ںδҶʡ
ҶĻŮһ˿ҶƬ̣ʲô˫ۻ
ˣ
ҶŮãĿŮ֫ϵıɫͣһ£ıƷĽȻǶĵģҰǰŮӱ˶Դ֤ɵǰŮӵġ
ѽܾܿˡ
ɱŮӣڶᱦͷйǺܿͱˡȣΪŮӸԩ޳ôɱ˶ᱦΥġߣǰŮʼն̫һ㣬Է񾭴Ϳ϶޿֣
ǰŮô񾭴Ҳ˵Է
ǲıƷĽ
ιʽףôҶ
Ů˫΢գûлػ
ҶҲ⣬ҿǰø컯
ŮͻȻ˫ۿҶУǼ
ŮӲţҶЦЦֳһһ죬ɲǼ䣬䴦Ŀռ˲仯Ϊޡܿ죬Ҷջ֣ǱĿռȴǻδ޸
һĻŮһ˿죬ĿҶϣһΣĺ棬ҪʶҶһ㡣
ҶϵӦõסⷨģ𣿡
࣡ŮֱҶȴǸܵϢҺܺ棬ɷΪҽ󣿡
⣬ҾԺ̸ɣҶҪ컯Ӧ֪䣬Ҹպ㣬ԣҾȫԺģأ
ȥлᣡŮӿҶǸ֣Ĺؽһµʬ壡
ô˵ǲϺඣҶصѹƣʶʧЧҲ޷ڸܵ컯ϢԣǰصŮ˿ĻᣬΪŻҪ
Ůû˵
ҶĬãȻ컯˵Ҫ־ڱصáҲϲǿˣʵû취Ҳܾô
˵꣬ҶһһŮӵǰѡģֻҪ컯
ˣȻ޳ܣŮǷһĨҪ컯бԼȥҪȥֻҪҲ㣿
ңҾã֮䣬ӦûôһģҶ
вһûл֮ŮˣŮӵ
Ҷ
㲻Ҫ컯𣿡ʱŮӺȻߵʯڣǵʯڣܹõ컯ˣ
ҶջؽŮӣǰŮ˺һ߰ˡ˸Ը񣬻ǳӲģ
뵽⣬Ҷҽ˲ҲˣûзңȴΪԼԭв㣬ҵóϣȷʵЩص
˵ţҶסŮӺʴ£ǲŮӺһʧӰ١һУҶ˫ס˷ֱŮ˫֮ϵĺɫ
ָʱʱҲҪܿ죬Ҷʩչ޾ʱƽȥţҶɵľͰγ
֪֪ʲôŮӿҶ
ҶһֱźкñԣҾȾ㣡
˵꣬ҶֽŮ˫ϵĽ˳հγŮһֱӵϡ
ǰŮӣҶüͷһ壬ΪӴŮӵŷ֣ǰŮӺǳŮûиܵһ˿򵥵˵ǰŮ˾͸һһʱŮӱһ˻ˣ
ȻҶȻǲǰŮһͨġʣ˶Դһͨ
Ůˣûз䱸ֻҪŮ춯ͻ֣
Ҷóһ۽ŮȻȣҵ˵ʵ̫ǶˡȻŰ㣬ģԺΪʥˣһΪ
ֱ˵Ҫ컯ˣŮ̱ڵϣǽڿҶ
ʶƣҶҲ죬㿴Ѿֳ㹻ĳˡǲǸø컯ˣ
˵ˣֻҪǴʯڣܹ컯ˣŮӵ
ûƭңҶЩɡ
ŮӿһҶȻ˫۱Ҷ
Ҷһ飬˵ŮˣҲʴȵңһЩ࣬ٴˡ
˵꣬ҶתʯȥߵʯǰҶְʯϣ˲Ϣʯֱʧ
ʯʧҶƤһž֮ɫǰһƬԨԨޱ޼ʣơ
ǧ֮⣬һһֱĸĶ·أ
컯𣿡
ʣҶ𺳵ˣΪû뵽ϾȻ˴ңΪΣյĸо񵱳ָоҲ˵Ҳ׼۽ף
컯ܹܵܹ˵ľ磬֮⣬ܹǿҲĵȼ˵ϧǣ컯飬ԼԸ⣬Ȼûʥ֮ϵǿߵ磬ûܹǿ컯ʹҲֻףǿᡣ࣬ǿῴҶŮӻ
Ҷ̧ͷȥңԶƶöɫĹӡʣ컯ֻǣҪǿ᣿
ĿֲѾʶˡ컯ȼͣǿᣬֻҪ·һΪǿᣬζҪԼϵʥߣ
ʱҶڵСͻȻתˡ
Ҷһ㶣СҪʲôһ̣С͵رһֲֺǧ֮컯ͻȻϹ⳯ҶӿһһûҶڣ
Сп컯ˣ
ҶԴʱð뷨һ̣Ҷɫ䣬æкﲻ㿴Ҳǿİʲôطĵ̰
棬ʮλϵʥߣⲻǵСʲôʱôåˣ
ȻСû

ԨصͻȻһŭţһǧɴֵľ޴ٳ𣬳Ҷ߱
Ҷɫ䣬ʱһõĽɫСͻȻҶͷСһϹ֮ϣ
䣡
ǿֱֲӻޣ

ԨصףһĲҽĿ־壬·ʲôµһ㣡
ʱ컯Ķ˶ѾûҶڡ컯ûڷڲڷز

ʱͻȻܲܿ죬ɢһֻ޴۾Ͽգ
ۣ֮
ҶɫһףβҲˣ
ҶŮӿҶͷɫС𾪣ţһ˿ļɵ
֮ۻһۣĿҶϣһ̣һɴֵɫеҶݺ
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1016 ٽ編
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һٶҰˣҶ˹ͷƤһ顣
ΪЩȫʥߡ


1017 ң
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һٶҰ뺿ţǵıܣضΪ֮
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Ҷһû˿ԥתŮӾӡ
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Ҷһ·񱼣ЩҰ˾Ȼûаݵ˼ǲݺһ飬ƽʱ֮ļӳ֣ЩҰ˾ϲڣֻеٶȫΪ֮ǰҰ˴սƣҲδָˣ˿Ұ֮ľԽԽС
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1018 ֪Լж
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ҶЦЦðɣȲ˵ʥ飬˵ҪαǿɡȻǿԶȥˣ
ƿŮӵڿʼҪѧƿԼԼﵽٽ㡣ЩҰ˵ǰֻһ֣
ٽ編򣡡
ҶһĨ˷ܣԸٽ編򣡡
ŮӿһҶط
Ҷ˷ܵĵ˵ͷȻŮӣһʧԭء
Ҷ뿪úһ۵һȺҰ˳ҶŮԭվλá
ɨһܣʣһ˿˷ܣˣϣ̫

һɽ
ҪᣬǿҪһȭƤ飬סֻƤ
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һֻȭͷϣ˲仯ΪмͬʱǿΧʮҲȻѡ

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ʱ䣬ҶÿҪľǲϺҶΧǧڵѾΪ촷ۡ
ȻЧҲеġǾڵѾܹԼйҲһȭʱȫϣй
ԭͬһȭܹΪ촷ۣڣһȭֱΪޣ
ջõҶϲ񣬲Ů˵ǰ㣬ֻƤѣȻǣӷˣ
һºҶߵһŹǰǿŹһ˲Ҷһȭ
飡
һ죬Ƥ˲仯ޣƤ֮µȴû˿𻵡
һĻҶǷһĨЦݣתһԵŮӡ
ǿϸԾأܹѧٽ編򣡡Ůӵ
ٽ編򾿾жǿҶʡ
ŮӿһҶڵѧٽ編ܹһ˲ʮ
ʮ
ҶͫȻһڵѾʥǿߣͻȻ֮ʮʲô


1019 ʵ̲סˡ
ҹ
ž֮У鶯šԣҶŮӸԿһϡ
ҰǲץǲݰҶһ¶ŮѾ˺üɽˡԭȻΪҰ˵Եʡ
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ҶҲ⣬ֵҾЩ죬֮ǰǱŰĲҪҪģ˵ǶӦǱ֮ǣΪǻ˷׷ǣ
ŮӿһҶô
Ҷ΢飬ǹϵܲ𣿡
ҪԼĸǿŮӵ
ҶţһҰ˵ʮھͽһ¶Ůӵָ£ƿؿ˵ﵽһʵķԽԭôǿֻƿԭǿˡ
򵥵˵ܹõƿԼӵеǿҪֲ
ĿôǳŮӵ
ʲô˼Ҷ
ŮɨΧһۣ⴦һ˴ģһҲѾ˴磬ڲ֪󣬻ܹס㣬ΣǾ㣬ȴΪԼõһ֮Եãɱ
ҶһãҡҡͷǾͲ𣿡
ŮӿһҶҲʲôĵģ
ʶôã֪ʲôˣҽҶأҶŮԸ̫䣬첻˵һ仰ûԣЩŮġ
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Ҷһ飬û취ˡһ⣬Һܺ棬ΪʲôҪŰ㣿࣬ҵе⣬ϾǸ̬ǳ࣬㲢డ
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Ҷ˫۽գͬһҲȭȭͷΧĿռ䣬Ѿʼ˿˿ѷ죬˷ԲǧڵĿռ䶼ʼҼ·ʱҪѿһ㣡
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ʱԶͻȻʮҰˣҶŮʱʮҰһУȻҶŮӳ˹
ŮӿһʮҰˣȻ̲סǾͷų
ŮӵĻҶ۾Ȼȭ͵سʮҰһ䡣


1020 ҪȺŹ
ȭ
䣡
ҶǰڵĿռɲǼΪһƬޣһƬǿհںڶҶǰ
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ҶڵϣָŮӵĻתͷŮӣȻסˡΪŵԵʣŮ̱һŶѵϵԵʣŮӳ°¶һ϶ĽǶȿȥպÿз⡣
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ιսܲܰҸæҶȻһ˵ʥߣһٽ籬УοʱѾ޷ʩչٽ編״̬
Ůû˵
ҶֵսˣлȥһæȥʥˣݵǸʲôڤԼ¹ԺҲҶˡ
ΪʲôŮͻȻ˵һ䡣
ҿǲˬҶ˵꣬ߵһԼһֵ֦вУ
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1021 
Ұ˻عʱҶѾӰˡ
໣
Ұ뺿֮г˷ŭ
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ղŵӣҶЩĿ࿴ʵ֤ҴˡŮӺȻ֮дһ˿
Ҷû˵ǼԼٶȡ
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ҶŮӣңǱɣڵ㣬ʵ̫úţһȥЩһƴãҲܹЩһﶼɵãȻұɵ㣬ܻܲͿԼ컯ˡģֻЩˡ
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˧ҡҡͷʶǸ취ͻˡȻֵֹظطţ

ʱ֪ӺδͻȻһ޺޺õó˲ѪҲҶ
Ұ˵ſڵϣɪɪвϰţġ
˧˿ҲޱȣдŨŨɵ뾪֡
ҶɫҲǼʲô⣿Ȼһ޺ֹسĸо


1022 ޣ
ú󣬳вŻָƽЩҰſڵϣǲ
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Ҷɫء𣬶һǿ𣬵Ǳղһŭ𣬾ͬСһ㣡
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ʱҶѹϡ


1023 ǿŮӣ
Լɱ𣿡
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ŮȻᣬƽȴ·д͸ֱҶģõҶɱ¾֮Ȼһ١
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1025 ڤǿߣ
ֵܣҾãбҪ侲һ¡ȻҲŪ飬ȿ峡еư
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ҶЦЦŮ˿ӣһָҪʲô飬֮ǰǸԨǵá⣬ʥһҲ첻ǰЩҰ˵ûʲôɲ뱻ЩҰۣ
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1026 ڤŮ
ҰĴ£ҶһԨ
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˿̣ҶˡûѾܹԷǿˡƽĶۣޣһնûС
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Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʮ꣬һȲˡ˫ƺԺǰϾºɺʱҪʮ꣬ʵڲ˫밲Ͼ˵³Ρ
ȻҲܾôóȻȥȥҲȫ֮ߡϾһͷֲޣ
ûа취ҶʵŮӣʱҲϣŮʲôõİ취ˡ
ϧŮʧˡ
ûа취Ůӵ
ҶɫһŮ˶ûа취ûа취ˡѵҪǿȥƴһƴ
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ɱˣ
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ҶһҰҡҡͷ˭ãƫƫŮˣⲻߵҰǰ֪ҶͼһŭȻһҶײ˹ȥͱҶһ߽߽Ԩ֮С
ĿⶼԨڣá

ԨڣҰҽ֮У޾Ŀ־壡
Ҷ˧ɫʱ
𣡡
ʱһͻȻԵص׳ֱ̲񷣡
ˣ
ҶԴһ裬˲Ѫ֮⣬оһĲУ
ǡ
ΧɲǼѿͬʱǧ֮һƵĸɽͻȻ֮ըѿʯк£̳죡
ãҶԴеǻвŽȥ˧һۣȴǷֶԷȻҲЩɫ԰ףȴûѪ
֪Ҷĺ棬˧Ȼʵ⣬ȴǺǿʵġ˵ʵȻǿ귽ΪȴЩݣûвעģΪһ깥ǿߣܾܿͻᱻԷһɱ
˵ûʱŮͻȻ귽깥׳Դ
ܽˣҶ˵ͷл귽棬ʵڼʶ½Ľ깥֪ܱⷽƽʱ޾⻤Ȼһ깥û޾⣬˿̣깥ûм֮
Ǽһֿܹģ
ʱ˧Ҳ֪ΪʲôܳǾĿǰȥʮģ
СģʱҶϵŮӺȻ
ԣҶͫһӰӰֶΧͬʱڲԶһ˲֪ʱ
Ȼǰ֮򣡡˵
ȴִһ˿ͳŮģ
ҶһԵ˧ԷҡҡͷҲû뵽طࡣ
Ϊᰵ֮򣿡ͻȻʵ
ģҶʮӰ˾Ķɣ
ģ
˵䣬Ĭˡ
𣿡Ҷ
ʶӰŮͻȻʡ
ԣҶƤһӰŮȻʶΪԷǱɱǰ˭һ˲ڤӰŮȻģֻǲʶ
ҾãӰŮ֮⣬κ˶ӵа֮أ˵
ҶɫһҾڷƨأ˵꣬ǰӰһǺ˱ȥ
ǲǲ
ͻȻڳ𣬽ţҶ˧Ŀ֮УҶӰԴֱӳء
̫죡ֲ̫
Ҷ˧˴󺧣
У
ʱҶϵŮӺȻڤĹŮ
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ҶͫһǰŮ˾Ȼڤģһһλĵ£
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˭Ů
Ůûлش˵ĻͷҶߣȥ
Ҷһ㶣ȥԨȥŮĲİɣ
ȥŮ˼֡
ԣҶһݣ֪Ů˲ڸЦԥһ˲תһֱԨ֮С
˧ֱӴסǺҲ΢΢һ㶡
Ȼ˶û뵽ҶŮӾôֱȥˡ
˧һۺˣֿһԨջûѡȥ
Ͷ˧˫֣Ͷ
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𣡡
ԨͻȻһŭХ
һ̣綼һ£


1027 棡棡
ŭԭ׼ȥĺ˶ʱͣԭء
Ԩãתȥ
һĻһԵ˧ʱһ֮ǰʵѾȥ׼ΪǰŮʵֲ̫Է֣һ·ûСȻҲֲܿȥٲھ
ãŮ˲ûж֣
˧תͷһԨȻһ̾ԭΪһ飬û뵽תۼûˡֵܣһ·ߣ

׹ҶŮһֱ׹
ûҶʡ
Ůû˵
ҾܻһſѪڣȴȥأҶ
Ůӻû˵
ҾãοҪˣҶۣҪʵֲ̫ˡ۷ʱڵĻܹߣԣߣսʤֱ⣬ܹߡ
κʱ򣬲ܷ֮ŮӺȻ
˵ĵǺɾе㳶
ҶЦЦҲףΪʲô֮ǰҪҾãȻŮʵǿ󣬵ƴһҲлģ
ʮһ𶼲Ķ֣Ů˵
ҶĬһ˲ȻΪʲôŮڹŮûôȤζ
һʥ߾ڤţԽսҾˡ磬ܹԽսڤŵģУԲڵ㡣ڶ棬й⡣йĵطʮʥ߶Ķ֣Ů˵
ôҶ㵵Ȼ֪ǹŮǿû뵽Է˵Ŀֲ
ڤûӹˣŮӵ
ǾһʲôҶڤȷʵǺܺ档
ڤŮӺȻʡ
Ҷ˵ͷʵɱһЩˡ
Ů̧ͷҶãʵǿӵǴûߡ
Ҷ
ڤأȻǿһȴǿص֮һ֮ʵ޷ӴǸΡֻҪסһ㣬ͱȥŮӵ
ҺѾˣҶ
ףˣŮӵ
Ҷ
죡
ͻȻڵϣһ

ҶʱһȻǿǴôߵĵطڵϣˣǲܵġãֻСˡ
ŮˣŮȫϣ˴󲿷ֵŮȻܵһӰ죬ȫԺԲơ
ҶɲڵϢæŮվȫ䱸šĿⲻϴΧߣɽڡ뵽֮ǰʱ׹ڵأҶ׾˴ɽȥͷ
ԭ·أǾֻǰˣ
Ƭ̣ҶŮǰȥһ·ϣĽŲһûУǳ
ҾʲôڶǣҶ
СЩŮ֮дһ˿ء
Ҷ˵ͷǰţٶȴǷһЩģҶоһεѹԽǰţѹԽǿŲĸˣ
ҾȥأҶ
µķӡԷǿ˿̣ҲŮƽ磬ݲʥ֮ϣȻ֤ǿҲʥߣҪ˵һʥ߲֮ͬ޷ǾʵԶһʥ߾ǿ߰ˡ
ҶͷŮӣҺܺ棬Ϊʲôʲô飬㶼ܹô侲ʹҶ
ҶͻȻˣΪŮ̧ͷĿȻƽѾо˲ơ
ãŮջĿ⣬壬
Ҷʼ磬ðɣľ㣡
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ԣҶͣ˽Ųôˣ
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ʲô⣿Ҷʡ
ŮɨһۣƬ̣ȻӦǷħ󷨣רӡǿаڣӡˡãҪƷӡ
𣡡
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һĻŮü΢ԥһ˲ͻȻſҧҶǰ
ҵʹõҶԴʱ࣬еѣθҲࡣͷȥʱŮѾɿݣ̧ͷŮӵ촽ϣѪҶ׼˵ͻȻŮͷ촽ϵѪ¶һ˿顣
Ҷһ飬Ů˺ϲѪ
¡¡
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Ůӵ֪ʲôûʱֻҪ֪һ¿϶ɱһС󷢴ȱɱһǿл磬ʱҲɡ磬ֲͬĸף
˼ǾֻȥֹˣҶ
棬ӦиֻҪ֮ǰҵͳȥʱǶûʲôӰ죡Ůӵ
Ҷ˵ͷãҴ󣡡
˵꣬Ҷڷϻһǰ汩ȥ
ԽǰߣǹѹԽֲҶоԼϷ·ѹ˼ɽһ㣬ޱȡ
ŮԽ
ҶٶԽԽ죬֪Ҫҵ뿪طȻܾӵҲ벻ˡΪоõ޿Ҫˣ
ҶУŮӵҲ
һᣬԶͻȻ޵ĵɫâ
һĻҶϲΪ⵭ɫâ֮ǰǹĻһ
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ˣԽԽˣ
ͣ£ͻȻŮӽҶ
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ÿһŲõõһ
ʱҶڵСͻȻתһûǰֻתһ£һΣһֱת
棡
Сеľ棡


1028 Ĳ죡
ܿ죬ŲʧˡǣһҶδ޳ǰʮɿ⡣
òϻСȫɫͷֻɫǣӥ๣һԺɫ
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ʱЩѾѺۣ
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Ҷ룬ȻʵҲϲаޡЩʲô£ȴŰαġ˾ǶˣΪʲôҪȥαװԼأ˵ǲǣ
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Ҷ˫΢֪͹޵ˡԥ£Ȼĺ㣬㿴ˣҵʵǶôСҵʵƲϵ
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ܾ࣬ңȭͷ˫¶׹⣬ת˲š
ҶŮӱϣȻô˵ԼǶôСȴôǿôܽȥߣôǿ޷Ҿ͸ˡ˵أ˵ͬʱҶ˫ֻƴ
㲻ܣܣĿͻȻҶϵŮϣϸܵǿ
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࣬治һ֪ޣֻҪǰҽ⿪һᱨǵģ˵ָԶһĹܹǵʵֻҪǰ⿪ЩϵĹӶǵģ
Ҷȥֻ߰ɿ⣬һŽɫϽһȭͷĽɫӣĿԼϰٿţ
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ҶȴҡҡͷǶĵġǣŮ˲֣ܳŮ֣ܳ޴ˡߣĻ
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Ҷһ棬ԸµʵԼӦþܹѳˣֺαҪǰæأԸ£ֻ뿪磡
޳һ˲ͻȻ˫׹¶뿪磿˭Ҳ뿪磡˵ţҶ͵ؾһŭ
ˣ
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ҶɫΪзŭһɲǣ͵һȭǿǹ͵ڿкһ
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ڿһײռ͵һҼһεڳɢҶֱĳ˽ٲǰơȻҲ𵽣ȴһ鶼ûС
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ѡһתӣȻҲӲȥʱޡһԼʱɾˡڶѡ񣬾ǳڶԷδɵԷûΣգܹӳȥ
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޵ŭҶϳˣ˫ȭѾѿѪӿȥذܡڼ䣬ٻһֻӰ棬ǣӰǲƹûǰͱŭ飡
Ҷɫ䣬æӰЩӰǾ̫ϧˡҪ֪ܴȥЩӰһ
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ҶߣͲܿԼɱң
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Ůӵ
ҶЦЦûбİ취𣿡
УŮӵ
˵Ҷæ
ǸõСŮӵҲ֪ܲܶԿޣܹٿǻһ߻ᣡ

뵽⣬Ҷ˫΢УʱҲֻˣ
Ҷҳɣڣ׼Сйͨʱ
䣡
ԶϵͻȻըѿһɿֲѹ͵رѹ˲ϯ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬Χɽ˲ըȻ飡
ɽѣ
ģĲ죬ˣ
һŭХأһ̣ؾ
ͻȻĿ䵽һԵҶϣûзϻ̧צ͵ظվǶҶŮһģ
䡭
ǰĿռ˲̮ռһ·̮һںڶҶӶȥ
һĻҶϵŮ˫֮ӿһĨһ̣ŮӴҶϻƮͬʱһ˿Ů˫֮С


1029 
ˣ
Ů˫Ҫײɫһ̣һͻȻҶڱӿ
һõĽɫСҶͷ
ŮͣģлָָŮһ˵ϡĿҶͷõĽɫСһ˿ɵɻ
ɫС֣Ҷʱһڹؼʱ̣Ըˡ
ڲ֣Ů˳֣ܾҪˣ
ˣ
õĽɫСһɫâϯԭѾ칥Ҷǰʱɢ
ȻҶɫȴǸˡΪ֣ͷɫС֮ǰˣ

뵽⣬ҶĶʱ
⣬ǡ
ʱһԵ濴ҶͷɫС¶һ˿ãɻһ˿ɵɫСҪ俴һ㡣
ܲٿС𣿡ҶԣŮӺȻʡ
Ҷһ£ȻҡҡͷܹǳĸоõɫСȴܿơ
ǣǺ衭
ʱͻȻʧ󺧣δ˵꣬ҶͷǽɫСͻȻһͷţһɫȦȦԽɫС֮ȥЩɫȦȦ棬һᣬͱЩɫСȦ

ž֮ɫţ岻ϵײţײ£ЩɫȦȦȻʼѺۣ
һĻҶŮӽɫһ䣡
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ˣ
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뵽⣬ҶɫǰδŮ˵ܻ©֮ߣÿһλ߶˵ǿպй¶ȥЩ©߻ȫ
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Ҷɫصص˵ͷǰȷʵ˺صˡնһ̣Լ飬˼صˣãٻָһЩ飬ڳ˯
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ѪϺŮӿʼĬһҶĿھҶæҶ£һĻˣɫԲȦֱҶĽ¡
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˵⣬ŮͻȻü΢ãǹŮˣ
ԣҶɫһ䣬ûзϻһУԶǽչʱɵȻһŮԱŮӽǵɫԲȦ֮С
뵭ɫԲȦ֮УҶپһѣΣ
֪˶ãҶоǹѣθʧ˫ۡ
죬ƣ󺣣һϣҪǣܵŨ
ݣ
ҶһȻеŮӣЦڳˣ
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ҶͫһŮӱ˱ϣȻһȪ˫֣ͬʱ뽣ҲȻ֡
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ҶϣŮӿһۣȻ΢΢ͷü۵ʹ֪ʲô
ûйҶǳǰҶͫһҪ֣ʱҶ㵵Ŀ֮УͻȻȥͽʦݾ
£ʮҲȥˡ
ҶסãתͷŮӣʱŮҲڿ
˶ӣʱ䶨


1030 ĵŮ
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ģŮӴϻƮ
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ҶһŮӣȻˣҪ뿪ʱͻȻǰ
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Ҷ˫΢У֪ûˡΪǿԭҶг͵ؾһһ⽦俪Ȼǵûǰͱһε顣
ʱҶѾǧ֮⣡
֮뽣ļӳ£ٶѾԶʥߡ
˫΢УҪ׷ȻʱͻȻͣдһ˿ɻΪԭѾߵҶͻȻ˻
ңҾãǻǸúú̸̸Ҷǳǲܽģأ
ɴһ˿ɻ󣬲ܿ죬ҶԶʱеɻʧһЩΪ֪ʱҶһˡ
оĺʱҶһ飬ԭΪԼٶѾ죬֣ŮٶȻǲһأٶȣʵ棬ԷҲǻźܴĲࡣ
ԷĹ쵽켣
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һĻҶ󾪣Ϊ֮һΣһμ֮
֮ǹŮ֮дžһ˿֣㣬ĵŮ
ŮһӣһھѪǹŮȻŮֱӵɳȥת˲ͻһڵʧʡ
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Ҷһ飬ΣЦЦ䣡ЦǹŮǰŮǰһжŲŮ򲻹
Ů΢΢ͷȴû˵Ĭ
ҶһŮӣе㲻ףȻʦΪλᱻǸطһӡ
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ŮӵȻ䣬ҪˡҿԲɱ㣬ǣҪС
ԣҶɫ˲䡣ŮӰΣһ̣͵תһʧʡ
һĻǰ̤һҪ֣ȴǱŮӵס

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1031 죡
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ܸȻǲܣȲ˵ƿغܹƿأҲǾԲܹģΪʫ˿ɻںڣ
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ܿ죬Ҷ֣СеλþȻʼƶˡ
ѵСоôҪˣ


1032 ¥ǧҪˣ
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ԪĴЦ˵һĪĶͣ𣿡
˵ƺԺѾԺһԣ°ɫȹŮӺȻһˣʲô
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˵ϲһԲϾͿɣԪ
ЦЦ֮ܣƥ֮£Ϊǣ
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źȻѣ
˿ƺԺƺҵȽӹܣ
ԪƺϿ쳹


1033 ҶԺˣ
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ôһ㣡ǳŮӵ
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ǾҲģ
Ԫ˫ĻǷһĨϷŰȻҪô
Ӧöе˫ֱԪ

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ҷԭҪȻ׷ȥԭµƺԺҰԺȥģǰܻ¹Ժк֮£Ұ¹ԺҲԣԸһᡣ
ǣֻҪһ仰ͿԵõƺԺƺǵһУ𣿡˫
иеõ㲻𣿡ȻҰԺΪҪ׸һܹ¹ԺĻ᣿Ҫ֪ǰԺԭطνЩʲôһȤûСڣΪǣԸᣬ˵һĪĻԵͣ
˫ûйܿǿ׿ϰԺһ׷ػذ¹ԺǣϣϵĻȥ㱻ʩᣡ
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Цһϯǰ㣬ϴȥμҰ¹ԺĴȣЦǣҲˡǧһβǲҰܶ飿
ǵһֱֱģ˫׿ϰ׿ϰҶͬġ
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Ҳǿܻ֪ǵĴǣǲǵڰǰ·Ҫô˳Ҫô˵ģҪƺԺҪԺǿǰѾˡ
˫Ҫ˵ʲôʱ׿ϰͻȻѾͷ˾˳
˫ɫһ䣬ãҶԺӦ
Ͳˣ
׿ϰλϣ˵أ
׿ϰ˳Ĭ
˫˫ȭ
ĬĬϣ


1034 ƺǾ䣡
׿ϰ㵱ҪҶ
˫ֱ׿ϰƺԺнգҶû׿ϰΪ˼仰λϰ˾٣δ̫˺ġ
һԣ˵ԵĿȴֹȻϷŰĿųе˫ˡ
׿ϰΣȻѾͷƺԺ˵һѵõĻᡣҲͷԸ޷ܾҶҶ֪ԸʺԺֻὫԺ
׿ϰǰɲô˵ģ˫
һʱһʱ׿ϰ
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ҶЦЦȻԸһᣬҲһᡣƺԺԼƺõһУȻڵƺſڹҹˣҿԿǷŹǣ

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1042 ʤ
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ڳϿգվһӡһϮ°ɫϽۣ߳üͦı촽סʹվԲҲǷ㣬ϳȻ˵Ʈݳ·һ㣡
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˵¥ǧ𣿾ȻҶǰҪ֪߿ʮλʥ߰Ҫһӵϣ𣿡
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1043 Ů
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ߺӰˣɫ΢䣬û뵽ҶȻʥ߿ܣȻţûŵܹһ֮ԿʥߣңߺӰʥ߿һԶһʥߵĿܣ
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ûлػ̧ͷǰʥ߿Ԫһ̣ǹһǹâ𣬵ǹڿʱӹس˳ǹǰȻס˳ǹ

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1045 ¹Ժţ
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˫ŮҲǴһ
Ǻɫһףţ޾ǹƷǹûˮֵʥߣҲһĶԷ𡣵ǣŵһȴǱǰҶһȥˣ
𾪹ӿһĨ
䣡
һͻȻڱӿţϾȻɢĻâ
ȼ꣡


1046 ԣ죡
ȼ꣡
Ҷ˫΢Уû뵽ǰӾȻȼ꣡
ȼܹʵǣ丶Ĵ۾ǰӸԼʲôޣȻϧҪȼ꣡
Ҵ⣬Ҷһ̽һ۶ɣ⽣ʣ
ʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬̧ͷʣʾͷһɫСܿ죬ɫһǺӵǰ
ɢȥһӳ˳С
ߵǺǰֶźһģһɰɫ԰ӿȻûڡܿ죬ǺϵĻ潥ʧǺȴһ̱˵ϣɫ԰ףڴڴţ·һ
ΪʲôֹңŰӣʡ
Ҫеǻᣬα޴ȼꣿӵ
ɱǳɫͬҰްŭ𣺡ɱǳ
֪΢΢ͷǣȼ֮Ȼɱأ
Űӣû˵
ֵҪΪñȵûš
˵꣬תҶǸҰ¹ԺˣʵȷʵֻǣһŮɱ֣δ̫һЩ
Ůˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ֻҪǵˣܶԷŮ˻ʲôҶɱҪ֪ҵʵģܾƺƺԺŮˡʱ»ƺԺƺǵŮ˴򱧲ƽ𣿲㲻ġԣ졣ҪսͶ֣Ȼ
ӿҶãطˣŵΪԼѾ޵ˡ
ˣ
ʱҶͻȻνһնһ˲ǰǰ
ͫ΢û뵽ҶȻֱӳ֣ӦҲҶνһ̣ھ͵ӿһ׹⡣
䣡
һ죬׹ɢȥӳʮ
˫΢Уɱ⡣
ҶȴûˣתȥһᣬͻȻͣɱǣԭ򡣵һûʱСϵϷڶҴ仰ȥǷɣ¹ԺĴһ׼ʱǲɱңƺԺ𣿵ʱб£Ǿ
ǷһĨǿЦ㾹Ȼ뿹Ұ¹Ժãǻ㣬ƺԺѧҶ֪ʱ䣬ڲƺԺ֡ģǳȫ㡣ݣᷢԼղǶôĿЦ
˵꣬תǺӣһʧʡ
ȥڳһţ뽣޳Ҷǰ
պҪǰ¹Ժ޳
Ҷ˵ͷûѡ񡣡ȷʵûѡȥƺԺƺǱض𡣶Ҳ⵽¹Ժǿߵ׷ɱֻѡȥһܷɵЩõ¹Ժ߲ϿɣһƺԺƺǲпƽ£
ˣֻмֵŻͦ㡣ȥ¹ԺҪ֤Լļֵ
ܱĻпֲ޳
֪Ҷ˵ͷȻ޳˳Žի
ԣ޳ɫ΢䡣Σ޳ҡҡͷ֪ǲǹŽիǣ֪ҹŽիֺγһ᣿ȻƺԺԺվҹŽիĵӡǴ֮дŹʣҹŽիҲմ⡣
ҲܸŽի֣֮Ҷ
޳ͬѣͬ󣿡
ʱҲ˵ͷСӣҪ֪ôǹŽիҲͳ½ôţȻҲǽţǣȥҲֻͨҲֻ㣬ֻܹЩ⡣˵ǹŽի봳ݣֻ㡣
ҶЦЦͻȻ䣬оѹôǰڸҵװңһ⻺ѹ
˵װҵˣ޳Сϵ⼸װҲԭ˰ɣ
Ҷ齩סܿͻָͻȻļǰҲˣҵĵ˿ɶʥߡûװҿʱ˸ɵ˵װұĶҪջЩװͬҪҵ
ҶĻ뽣޳һ鴤޳ҡҡͷװʱҾԤУ⼸ҲղˡҲһίˣѾһ¾⼸װ͸ˡ
⡭
ҶпϲȴЩΪ飬⣬ô˼أ˵õǽҵģȴ˵Ҫ͸ҡ⣬е㲻˼
ҪǾò˼Թ黹ǣ޳
ҶҡҡͷȻǰǵһƬ⣬ܾܾλǰģһܺЩװ
޳һ飬ҡҡͷ㣬湻޳ܵģ
ҶߣװķϣͲƽˡ뵽ʲôҶָһһöɽ˹ǰҵıõģȫɽ׵Ŀ뽫ȫɽ
ʶɨһ£Щɽ׿ʱֶʱһΣ˹磬֪ôУȥˡ
Ҷ
һСӣЩǸˡݣҲֻǶСӣţҸŪһ׾˵꣬˾Ȼֱӻһʧʡ
Զһ;ؽǹŽիһǿߣ
޳΢΢ҡҡͷˣû£ҲûȥˡҪŽիʼĺܣ
˵꣬޳תʧʡ
Ž޳ȥķҶһůΣŽիʼսԼˡ
ĬãҶ˱ķʥ¥ǧ
аµʱ䣡
ãҶóһŷȻ顣һᣬССǰ
ʲôС
ûʲôɣҶʡ
С΢΢ҡͷԴɽߺڲͳ˷磬೤ƺԺ޺ãΪ峤Եʣˡ
Ϊ뱧ʥȣ𣿡Ҷ
С˵ͷʥƺŵʲô
Ҷ˵ͷ߰ɣ
ȥģС಻⡣
ȥ壡Ҷ
㣬ҪǶĿȨСྪϲ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ɣԳˣ˫Լͬˣңǡ
ãһʰˣ


1047 һԣ
Ҫȥʥ֮ǰðȻθҰʥ
֮ǰʰԷΪƺǸոͣսҪϢǸʱûлʮӰʥ߿ܡǸʱսʤҲǲʤڲͬӵʮʥ߿ܵҪƺԺƺǵ
СõĴ£Ҷܿľסأɽ
յɽһ߾ͳҶ˵ǰ
࣬죬ǾȻһ
Ϊ׵ɫ
峤С
СĻĿʱҶϣڼҶʱɫһ䣬㣬ƺǵҶ
ĻԵļҲɫһ䣬ĿҶ
Ҷ֣ݣν˿¥ǧƺԺʷԺʷһ԰ʥʵɱʥߵˡȻҪҶĴ·Ѫȣ飡
ݣҶиƺţɱ
ЩҶ˵ãɱƺŶҶ˵Ƿǳϵġ
Ҷɱ飬һȽϼɵģǾȫһӣĵУ֣ҶǾﲻ;ֱӶֵġʱȥҶɱƺԺԺѧʱ
Լ˶ɱ
µǣӻӵǿʵ
ʶңҶʡ
Ҷ֮׹ôܲʶأҺܺ棬´ͽΪ
ˣ
ҶɨһˣƺԺɽ֮䷢սⱾƺԺɽ֮飬ǣȴǷҪһšˣҾãǵúúһ㣡
ˣ
ԣɫһҶ֪ʮصʥ߿ܣǣΪƾʮʥ߿ܾͿԳ壿˵⣬˶٣ֵҶ񣬲ƺԺ壬ҶҪϢٴηսǴҶûкô
ǣѰҶ
ԣɫŭЦҵҪҶǣ˵ţͻȻԳȻˣΪλ
£ڲԶĿռһ󲨶ţһ߳˳С
ʮʥߣ
ССŮɫһҶʮʥ߿ܣʮʥߣԷʮʥߣ
սĹ
ҶǲƺԺѪƴ
ԳĿҶϣԣƺԺ壬Գ壬ǶҪúϢս߶ǣûкôأ
ҶĬãҡҡͷȻҿల£ţֻҪһᣬǻԥƺԺ֡ȻǴңδ޷һսΪʲôʵΪǿأ
䣬Ҷ͵ذνһն
⽣ѣһڳһ
ʮնνӳ޾İʮնν
һ˲
˫Բ˼ؿҶ㣬㡭
δ˵꣬СС컹Գʥ߾Ŀ֮УֱһΪһѪѪڿк£
ţڳг֡
һɱʥߣ
˴󺧣
ҶһӣʮӰ˳ԡһ⽣³У⽣ʣҶԳһ
ԳƤһҶһǰ˵ʮûϵڡ˵Ӳһ֪һ϶ҲˡһˣԳ彫ٱΣ
Ҷ㵱ҪƣԳ
ҪƺԺأҪƣҶƺԺʥվҪϣҲպƺԺʥսʱðӱͱһԣǣں
˵ţҶҪ֣ʱԳͻȻҶǵɲصģ㱣֤Գ岻ڶƺԺ֡
㱣֤ҶЦһʲô֤
ԳԭԳ֮ԶƺԺ֣ΪݵλŵһЩȻҪƺԺǣ󣬶ԷŵǵĶûһ֡ƺԺǲޣʲôûõ
ҶЩûȤ֪Ҷֻ㣬ʲô֤
ԳҶãģδֻҪƺԺԳ֣ԳƺԺ֡Υԣұ𣡡
ģԳɫ˼㡣һƵķ¶ģ˵һܴ衣ǣܲԳ֣ʥ߳ҶߣǣҪһ㣬ߵʥ߶ǻˣҶߵĶǿܣ
һһɵӶ֪˭
ҪǣҶЩӰʥߣΣյĸо˵֮⣬ԵЩʥ߿ܶҶЩӰʥߡһ֣߰ܵĿԼ󡣶һǰܣҶ·Գܻᱻ¾
û취ֻ͡𣿵Ȼûа취
ҶԳãȻס˵Ļ֪ԳƺԺĴ治죬һԳݳʧԳҪףв㣬ҪףƺԺƺǱ𣬵ǣֻҪҶڣԳͱ밲ԣ´ҪƺԺĻʱҶ
ԣȻֱԳ壬Գ󻼡ǣҪ֣ƼʮʥߣԷضȼѪƴʱʤʥ߿ܿ϶ҲʧܶࡣЩʥ߿ܣҪԸʥģ˷ѣֵ̫ã
һնɱĿ壬Գˣʵ֤Чˣ
ԳҶãȻһסĻģ
˵꣬תһԳǿʧԭء
ԳʥȥʣµʥɫѿԳĲ֣ҶĶ֣
ҪͶ򲻿ܵġΪǺһͶ࣬ǴҪūۣū۵壬ǻ˵ĺã
ԳߺҶʣµʥߣҲӽС峤λӦûɣ
ͨǿ壡
һʥ߳룡
ˣ
һڳһ˵ʥ˫۶ȻԲţǰǰ㱻һΪ
Ѿֿ建һᣬоͱʵʵ
һԣʣµʥߴ󾪣ŭҪ֡
һԣ
Ҷɭڳ


1048 죬ɣ
ʣµʥɫѿ˼㣬ǣȴȻû˸Ҷ֡
֣
ǾʱҶߣѾ˾Եʵ
ҶͻȻһĨЦݣʵϣǶֵġΪһҾͿԳɱǡ˵ģĺó󻼡û취֮ǰС˵ֻɱ峤ɣΪȡԭӦ峤֮λңܹ֮ǵĹ͡
˵⣬Ҷɨʥһۣ𣿲ɱǣΪǷС飬ڣǻ顣˵ģΪãˣ
⻰١ǣȷʵΪСãֱ壬ΪƺԺܽҪͻϮƺԺǳףϣƺԺԱһƺԺھӣٵǣԷˣǷС飬ϣͨ˾٣СǷ顣
˶ɱˣԪˣֻʥߵ壬ʱضΪ
ţⲻСϣģ
ȻҶĻС࿴Ҷʱжһ˿мСҲˡǵļңȻϣΪǣǷǳʱǸûҶּۻ۵ء
ҶҪֻܿţҶû£ģ
Աʥڵ֪ΪСõԵʣҶŲʱ߿ССʱɫࡣ
һʼΪССǴģȻǣССֻԭӦǵλã
뵽㣬ʥбȻˡ
ĬһᣬһߵС֧֮࣬Ϊ峤ʥߡʱ㣬Ǹ߼ʥʵ˵߼ʥΪ峤˵ˣЩϼһҲЩġǰҾͲ˵ˣҲΪʥߣΪ峤ҲӦ飡
˵Եʥͬص˵ͷʾ飡
飬С΢΢ͷȻҶ˿ƺԺˣ˫պ󽫹ˡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷҴƺԺӦˣ
ҶСĻһԵʥһ˿ΡƺԺˣôУǾԺƺԺôһ׽պϽһ嶼Ҷ֡ǣҲУǾǴʱƺԺĵ˿ʥ
ʥݵһ
պƺԺʥսǽζţҲҪа
ѡ˿϶ѡı߶վʱûѡȨ
Ǹһ£
ҶһСС죬Ȼһʧʡ

뿪ǧҶͣȻָһССǰɢȥöɫӳŮǰ
Ҷǽչˡ
չ
СͻȻҶĻʧ㣬˵ǽչ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪չ
СһȻȻ֪չ˵ﰡΪԺ̶ܴȵļǿǵһиáⶫ˵ݣݿ϶ϡƷ
ҶȷʵǸöҸööԼáȻʥߣʵ˵̫ҶȲϡöչõʵ϶ʱǾͿϼһ
̫ˣС
СȴֱӰöչȻ϶кܶŻ͸ǣǲܹһƬ⣡
㣡СһС죬ȴƲƲ졣
ҶҡҡͷⶫһУöǾ°ɡöԼãʣµģҽ£峤ǿߡ
Сԥ£Ȼ˵ͷлպкҪܷԸ
ҶЦЦġȻʲôѣҲˣڣ
˵꣬Ҷתһʧʡ
ʵ˻ģСͻȻ
СĿһС죬㲻Ǻ𣿡
Сһ˭ǰһ޵еӣ
С΢΢һЦ߰ɣ廹кܶҪǽô˵꣬Ůʧԭء
ƺǡ
ƺ¥Ҷ֮УֻҶ˫
Ҷߵ˫ǰºһȥʥһȥأסɢƺԺƺǣȥǣҵطǧعŽիΪʱŽիܶסǣ
˫һ㣬ʲô˼
Ҷ΢΢һЦģֻĴ㡣ȥʥһȥءʱʥ϶ŹǣʥŹǣ¹ԺҲŹǡֻнɢƺԺƺǣһһ
ȥʥ𣿡˫סҶ֣дһ˿
ҶҡҡͷʥǱȥģΪҲȥҲưոݵġƺ֮䣬¥ǧ֮䣬Ҫһ˽ᣬⲻˣҲ⡣
֮Զ˫˵ЩԼû¥ǧʥֻǣκ飬ҪĴ㡣
ҲɢƺԺƺǣ˫ҡҡͷ
Ҷ΢΢ü˵ʲô˫ȴȵĳ⣬ҽɢƺԺƺǶûáΪһ׽˵Ҫҵǣʵ̫ײˡԣǲ⣬ͱһŻ
˵⣬˫ɫļ棬ҶҪ֪һ˹ϵܶܶ˵㣬ܳһ⡣һ⣬ƺˣƺԺģ½кܶ˿ҪΪᡣΪܶ࣬û㣬ЩЩҪǣʵ׾٣ԣ룡
Ҷ˫ã˫Դ˵ûҲȥϹЩ㱣֤ʱһ
һ˫
һҶЦ
˫΢΢ͷ㣡
ҶЦЦ˫һ뿪ƺǣɽһƽԭ
ɨһۣȷΧˣһӣʮӰʥ߳ΧΧ
Ҷ˫ֻգһɱģɱԽԽǿͷ˫ҲʼѪɫ
ϾҪǰȥʥϣʱ䣬ƿ죡
֮ǰ϶ٻģڣ־ھǳ֮󣬱֮ǰǿ˲֪ٱڣֿܹʴ
죬ɣ
Ҷ£һѪڳ


1049 Ѱ裡
ǿ
ӹɣǷǳǿġǣܿס죬ʹǿûáΪһãҪʴΪһͷûǣֻ֪ɱ¾ĻһޣһǿĽޣūۣǾһǳɱ飡
򵥵˵ǣƿ죬൱ǷһһһʱܻᷴĻ
ԣ볹ƿ죡
Ҷ£ڵɱ¾֮΢΢һǺܿ죬ֳȥ޶
Ҷס߶ɱ⣬ôˣ
һ˲ִ߶ɱ¾⣬Ȼûж
죬ʲô㲻һֱϣҶ
޳ܵ࣡
ҶͻȻŭ޳ܵ࣬ɵеˣҳȥȥҲĵˡ
Ҷ
ãҶŻعʵ˵ӴʱЩҡû뵽쾹Ȼˣɻô⡣ҲǣճǱСŰһ飬ȵڶκò׳ֱŮŰһ飬ζǱŰĲᡣ
ڣԷӰˡ
Ҷ룬Ȼ죬β㣬ɣһˣһΣǵ

ŭȵƨûΣգҳȥҪû´ڿ϶ʲôֲĴڣȻҳȥ㵱Ҹ㣬ҲĵˡھͺúţĶȫ
Ҷһ飬ǰûǿĵˣԼܲ𣿡
ܴӣ
ŭСиһʶʲôʲô֮ܲǲȥģİ㣡
ҶߣĬһᣬ죬㣿ȻһŮ˵㻹죬
֪֪Ůʲôڣ
켸úģŮʵѾԶܳܵļޣӦóӦóģ˵һǵ۽ףҽ۽׿¶Ķ֡޳ܵļһȥԸ㺦ˡ
Ҷͫ΢֪Ů˺ǿŮ˾ǿ˺̶ֳȣȴǲ֪Ļ֪ԼԶԶ͹Ů˵ʵˡ
˵粻ʥ֮ϵ˴𣿡ҶʵѾԶʥߣΪλܹ
ȭͷһ̶ȵʱ춼Ҫӣײ
˵޿κΣҶ
ֲĵط
ʥ֮ϣѾܹвǣǻǲΪСΪǼһǼˣ˵һʥ֮ϣһٸʥ֮ϵǿ߶ûáԣǿߴﵽʥ֮Ϻ󣬾ͻᱻǿ뿪뿪뿪Ҫ㵥ҪǾܹһ˸ɵĹͿԲ뿪ǸŮˣӦþܹˣԣЩ뿪ʥ֮ǿǿ֪٣
˵⣬˶٣ֵҺܺ棬ΪλΪУȻҸ棬Ϊ㵽ڻţ
Ҷ룬ȻŮˣ
㹷ƨ
ŭҲԼԼĸһ˼һῴ㣿
˵˵ΪʲôɱңҶ
֪
ûһ仰𣿷޳ܣͷβ͡ʱҸڳܣֻе̫Ǵһ£ȻҴ򲻹æû뵽㱻ŰҶڣѾͺáԣСĵ㣬СŪɷ
ŻҰŭŲԱ𣿡
Ҷһ飬ʱȫΪһ壬ԱԻĲĬһᣬҶ죬ǽǽޣǺ˫кô໥ɱ˭꣬أ
Ĭ
ҶֵǽǽޣǱþ֣໥ɱġʣʶڣ˫жԣǵõʲôֻõܾˣǽ˽ɣ㲻ҺȥɣҲ㡣ҪңҪúˣŮˣСУǶеǰ취㣡
Ĭã࣬Ҫ㣬Լ̫ˣ޷ҵɱ
ⲻԼƵ𣿡ҶʴҲͿˣ
ˣұɱ¾γɣɱ¾ңҪƿңͱҪܵסҵɱ¾㣬̫޷סҵɱ¾
˼ǣ㲢ûҪҵ˼Լܲסɱ⣬㱻ƣҶʡ
ô˵Ļ˵ҾһŻûҪ˼ǣԼƿңҷģԼֲǿȻˡ
˵޺ûȫġȴǡǡ෴Ҷ
ѳɣȻͨ޾ɱ¾ԼҺʱԼûֿΪȻҲԸѹڹŽիôˡǣҵıԻҪɱˡԼ޷ƿԼıԣôƿң
ǰΪҪջҽҶü
Ϊ볹׿㣡ǽҪ뷢ӳʵҪΪýСǽޣӵɱĽޣܹ׿㣬ҿͨԼǣ־ЩܹǿֵסҵʴȻˣҪƿңȴǲ̫Զ
ûǰôͱˣҶû´Ӧ֪Լ޷ūң԰ɣ
ŮǲŮҲ֪Ȼûа취ƿңǣٵң߷ӡңߣСҲٵӡҡ˵ǵúǣֵܲܵסɱʴԼ
ҶĬƬ̣ȻɣҪԣ
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£һѪҶڳ
Ҷ˲ѪɫͬʱһѪУѪճ֣־ͱ׵ĻһӣȻһ˿˿Ѫӿ죡
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˵䣬ҶнѪɫ
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ҶھҲţһɱӿֱӽΧЩǧ֮⣡
ȻˣҶȴûǰǰ㿪ʼ裡
ԼʱҶûз衣еѪɫʼȥһᣬۻָǺܿ죬½Ѫɫһᣬֿʼָ˲Ϸѭ
ܿ죬ҶԶʥߺӰܡ
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1050 ף
ʱҶ˫ۣѪ죬ޱȡ
ɢɱǣЩɱһֻ޾⣬໥棬쳣죡
ãҶ˫ۻգѪʧֹ˲ʱϵɱҲʧܿ죬˻ָ
챻ѹ࣡
ΪûзˣεѹǷǳɡ
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ԼеѪۣҶɬһЦ޷ȫֿʴ
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ѵϣūңҶ
Ҫסһ㣬Ǹǻѡ飡
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Ҷ΢飬ΣҡҡͷΣ֣ȷʵǴҶкôֻǿϧǣ޷ȫֿסɱԺ˶ԵУٻ㣬ЩΣա
֮ǰԣղžʹڰѰ״̬ʱиڲɱһУǣȴһɱ˵һѣһʧ״̬
״̬ҲǷǳΣյġΪɱ벻ɱֻһ֮䣡
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ʱȻǿߵѪáֻѪܹѸٻָƣҵõɳ֣ҾֻҪ󣬲ṩѪҡ
ҶȣҪ֪һ㡣㣬ңǶ̫ҪıūԼܳȥɱˣҸұ֤϶ҪŪġȻ㱣֤պѪ϶㡣ҲˣҳҲͦġ
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˵⣬ҶһʥߣУҲ㲻ʲôˣ
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ǰʩչ⽣Ҫ˺ѿΪٶ̫죬ռܲסԼҲǳܲסġڣԶȻٶȻЩʣȴûʲôˣ
Ҫǣٶȴﵽһ̶ȣǿԲױȵ뱬ġʩչһ˲ɱʱʩչ⽣һ˲ɱҪٶҲٻ˵һȫնɱһʥ߾ǿߣ
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Ҷһ̧ͷ򱱽磬һĨâϾң¥ǧҲţ
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Ҷȥ֪ʱһŮӳǰ⡣


1051 ¥ǧˣ
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1052 ֣η޾壡
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1053 ܷ
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1059 ɣ
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׿ϰ˵ͷ֮ǰ飬ѾණȨѾǹܣҲܣģǲƺԺ飬ϾѾͷҲġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʵҶԺûʲô룬ҲԶԺڡϲڣңҲףҵԸʺԺԣƺԺΣһὫԺ黹̹
ԣӰ΢΢һ㶣ĿҶ
ҶĿҲϣ̹ԺүүһִҲĳɹҶ˵Ժ黹㡣
үүѡ㣡Ӱ
ҶЦЦүү֪ʵ޷ƹƺԺرڵʱƺԺǵе¡ԺΪ˱㣬ҲΪ˱ƺԺ㣬룬ԼӦҲ׵ģ
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˵⣬Ҷ˫˫ϣһܹһȫµԺ
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ҶĻ׿ϰ˽ǸоԼѪҺȼ
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ԼΪβܽΪʯ
ǰǴδϯʱû⡣Ҷ˵ЩȻ򣬶԰ԼΪβŬΪʯأ
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ΪҶƺԺ
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˫˵ͷȻҶʲôʱߣ
ԽԽãҶһοɲȥμʲô¹ԺĴȡȥϦ붡ҩҪ顣
˰Ͼ£Ĳ˷ʱˡΪŮһ죬ͶһΣգ
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ҶĬãȻλϣǵ˼ֻǣܹʤνһְԼǲԼһϸ䡣ңҴ˴ҪǰݣûʱһšΣѡһ˵ңǿԸһְ
ϵΣϳɣ㣬ҹŽի̫ϳϰɣλȻܹŽիκԼΣ
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1062 ѣģ
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˵𣿡Ҷ
ŮߵҶǰ֪սҲ֪ûս򣬵ȴδ˵£֪ΪΣ
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˵꣬Ҷͣתȥ
ŮҶıӰʧڴſڣã΢΢ͷѣġ

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Ҷҡҡͷ֪ǰһЩǣҲһӴһ˰޺üɱңҲû尡ԣҾãøıһԼĹȻָͱ˸ʰˣ
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ӱЩȻǺܿͻָȻҶ밲ϾЦЦȻԵߣ΢΢ͷȻתȥһ˹һΣŽ𿨡
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1064 ޳ܵҶ
̻ƳǵĸˣʱɫѿΪû뵽Ȼ˸ƽϵңرʱһ뵽һŰλ֮ǰɱˡŬܾܿڽȫˣ
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ĿҶ밲ϾϣΣȷʵ󷨳һЩ⣬йǻ¾飬ףλ;죡˵꣬תȥ
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ʱСͻȻֳǰð˳ɨһۣȻſͣһ԰Ͼɫһ䣬æס͡
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ҶЩΪѣΪһָʲô鷳ʱϾͻȻɡ
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1065 ң
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1067 ˬ͸ɣ
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1068 УߣûУ
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ʱʯֵˣƺΪҶԵʣһΰ¹ԺĴȣɵ˶μӡҲ˵һΣƺԺ뷨ɵ
Ҷ˵ͷڼ˷ʱ䣬µȻֻ֮һᣬҲˡǺڣ
˵ţҶȥ
Եȣ
ʱʯȻסҶ⴫֮ǰΪǿֹͣ˳һ⣬Ҫһʱ޸ԣλͣƬˡ
ҶߵǴȥΣתͷҶȻ˵ͷ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǾƬ̰ɣҲ
ʯλȵҸϢһ£
ˣҶ
ʯ˵ͷȻλԱ㣬ȸˣ
˵ţתȥ
һЩԾʯߺҸоʱ䣡
ҶҰ뿪ȻȻһ뿪
˵㣬ͻȻǰжôɵˣȻ
㱾ɵϾͻȻ
ߡ
ô˵Ҷһ۰ϾЩЦ
ƲƲ죬ȻǰΪ׬ʯǲ֪ж࣬ɱޣ񣬸ǾһһҲͼʮöѡ㵹ãһ죬Ѿ׬öˡǴǰ;
Ҷ

ʯͳ죬ΪΡ
ʯԣǧɷ
޴㿴˵ʵһ𣿡ʯɫ˵㣬ҲǶ֡óöϾʯˣǧɷ˵㣬е˲ɱǲɵˣɱ˾ɱˣȥ鷳ʲôԼ𣿡
ǻӣʲ£ǧɷʯͳ죬㲻ľô˰ɣǿöϾʯ
ߣ
ʯҸϾʯһ˫³ټͳ죡죬ǳˣ²֪ͨдǧڵˣȥ
ǵݡʱһͻȻ
ģ˲֮ˣʯǶݵһ֪ȻǲݵˡǺʶҶ֤ǿ϶ݡȻݵģǻҪηǸطһʯûУ
ԭʯͳ֮ǰ̸Ŀǧɷ
ȻΪأʯѧŵ㣬£Ҫȶӡ
ܽˣǧɷ
һӺ
䡭
ҶվĵͻȻʼҲ
ܿ죬ǧ˳Ҷ˵УΪ׵ʯ죬ʯԣˡ
ʯʥ֮⣬˶Ǹ߼ʥ
ʲô˼ҶЦ
ʯЦЦǾͲϻˡһǧöϾʯȻԶ˫ۣȥ˵ɺã
Ҷһʯ죬Ȼ˵ͷգûǧöϾʯҾͲˣ


1069 ӣ
ǧöϾʯ
ʯЦЦƬ̣϶Ȼӿ֮ɫŪˡҪǺ磡
£˶ʱһҶ˱ȥ
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ʱһڹڳһţһǹֱʮؿһ
ʯɫһ䣬Ŀǳֵϡ
ֵ
Ҷؿһʼ磬ʵҲͦģֻûһ֤
Ҷ˵ͷȻָָʯʥߣĸ㣬˵ûᣡ
˫֣磬ջظղǾ仰

ʱʯһŭԵһҶ˳˹ȥǽǧ߼ʥ
䣡
һڳһʯԵһʥֱӱĵɳȥһ̣ϾͻȻʥǰȻ͵һŶʥ˹ȥһſ쵽˼£ʥ߻δӦֱӱһؿڡ
飡
һ죬ʥ֮Կ׹䣬ҽ˵֮У֪
һ̣Ͼһʥǰ֮ǰʥһ㣬ڽغϺʥֱӵ˳ȥһɣǧɡ
˲ʥߣϾʯԵˣǺͫһ֣һǹһ⻮Ƴգ˲ǰ˴󺧣˫æһУΧռʱŨ˺Ŀռݣ
䣡
ǹǿռ֮ϣռ˲ѿţǹؿһ
˫Բǲ˼飡ת˲ɫʣ
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ʮϢ
ʥ߲Ұܣһʥ߱ɱ
Ŀⶼ˰ϾʯҲǣ˿̣ڲ
ϾһУɻУţתߵҶԣȻĬ
Ҷһ۰ϾҲǴһ˿𾪣֪Ͼʵǿû뵽Ͼǿ̶ֳȡ֣ҲˡãϾԼˡõǣȥ¹Ժڣ
һԵһ۰Ͼֱ飬ʶسԱơȻ֪ϾʵǿҲû뵽ϾѾǿ̶ֳȡ
Ժĺã
д⣬ûǣⰲϾҪġҵûдӦȻôĶ֪
Զ̻ɫĿⶼ˰Ͼϣ
С㣬Ůʵܹ񣡡ǻ߳

ߵĻͫһݺߵһ񰡣ܹȥˣǾеţ
΢΢ͷŮʵȷʵǿܲ񣬻֮硣٣ĿǰչֳʵǲϰġȻĻǽҶӡΪ֮УΪ
ٶȻǲ֪ʵʵߵ
ϾͿԿˣ

֪Ϊʲôɱ𣿡Ҷʯ죬Ц
ʯɫѿ˼£˲ת˿֪࣬һöûá
ʯһ£ˣ˵ţڵ΢һö
ҶҲ̫ϲϻǧöϾʯлûУ
ʯ˫ֽգãҡҡͷûУ
Ҷ˵ͷһ̣ԵİϾ͵ֶ컯һ˲ʯǰʯ˫۾һȻûѡԴУһһ󵶳Уţ˫־Ŵ͵һ

һڳ˵Ŀ֮Уʯд󵶺Ȼѣţǿֱӽɡյڵϣһ˲ʯ󺧣ʱһֻͻȻ˺ѿռֻֽճȭȻһȭ˰Ͼ֮ϡ
飡
Ͼ΢΢һƫʯԴһȻû˵֮С
Ͼ˫΢УһУɻУҪ֣ȴǱҶסˡ
ʱһ۵߳ʯǰ
мʥߣ
ûйʯ죬ĿڰϾϣƬֿ̣Ҷ춼ǸĪƣλ֮£ʹգΣ
Ҷָָʯ죬ղҲô˵ȻҲˡ
ֻҵ˵ˣĪֱҶҪôȥҪôų춼ǣѡ
䣡
һ˫ɫҶһ̣Ҷһ˲ĪǰȻһȭ͵سĪƺ˹ȥ
ȭĪֱӱǿĵɶ
Ī˫΢Уֻգһ̣ǰĿռ䶸ȻŤռŤֱõҶȭͷŤһ̣Ҷȭͷ͵һЩŤĿռ˲̮
ȭͷ谭ĪƵǰĪ۽΢һ˿أҴ⣬תȻȫӿұ֮УһȭҶȭͷԺ˹ȥ
飡
һը죬ΧĿռ˲ըѿĪǿ֮±ĳˣ˾ʮɣҶȴǲûˣϣٴĪǰȻһȭ
죡
˵Ŀ֮УĪٴαıˣһ̣Ҷֳǰ
Ϣʱ䣬ĪƱɣ֮ûһԣʯ˾˼㣬Īƿ춼ǵĸʵмʥȻҶҶǰ֮û
ҶǺηʥ
ⲻʯ˵ʣ̻ɫ
ҶӦһޣ󣬻߳Ѿﵽ¾û뵽ݾȻܹţ
ĿҶϣĬΣóһö顣
С㣿Щ⡣
µ飡

䣡
ԶҶһȭĪƵĸ߶ʱһھѪڵ档Ҷ׼ȥʱһͻȻڳ𣺡ס֣
£һʮ°ɫȹŮӳ˳С
һҶȻԵһȹŮӣϣЦˡҽ鴦ãǰɽ
ŮӿһҶȻ鷳ˣҵھȥ
ʱҶͻȻǰ
ü΢һĨ񣬵
ȻҶȴδĿԵŮϣڲ̫˷뼤ģϦ㡭
ǰŮӣǱˣϦ
Ҷû뵽ȻϦ˿
ʶңϦü
Ҷ㶣ӣ˵ϲʶ㣡
Ҷ£ǰϦͻȻεһնһ˲Ҷϡ
飡
ҶֱӱɣؿڣһʮֵѪۣ
ԼǰǵѪۣҶˣ


1070 ǿߣ
Ͼ˫΢Уתȴûж֡
ӣ
ĿҶϣ˭Ĺǧڵ˶ҵϷ
ҶûйϦϦĲʶˣҵӰ㡭
ϦһĨ񣬰εһն
һ˲ҶǰȴǱһǹɢ
ϾҶԣĲǵˡ
ҶɫһĿϣ£ġ
ҼڨģôڨģͷһΣ
ҶĻɱ㣬ҵ֡Ϧߣ˵ţϦŮһѾ޸˵Ĵ̨ϣܿ죬һӿһ˸ʮ˶ʱɢ˴̨ϡ
Ҷ׷ȥʱͻȻҶǰҲ֪˭ò˵㵨ȷʵܴǧڵĵӶҵϷ㡭

Ҷһŭһȭ͵غһȭӡֶһֻ͵һģҶǵȭӡʱɢ
ȻʱҶѾǴ˵̨ϵĴ֮СǣǴȴû˿
ôˣЩǰˣ
˫ָ󣬵
ҶһȻǰɣáҾͲˣ
䣬Ҷһ񽣳Уһ̣͵һɿ䶸ȻʧԭأţгһҶĲӰ
Ҷʧԭصһ̣ɫʱһ䣬ΪҶٶ̫죬쵽ֻԼĸܵһ켣
䣡
һ죬˵Ŀ֮Уˣ˽ǧɲͣУ֪ʱһԲܣʱԲѾذ˽ȥ
ͣһǹƿն˲Բ֮ϣһը죬еԲֱӻмǿõٴαˣʱҶȴǹس󣬽ţ񽣳Դ£
һһɿֲƶʱסõ޷
󾪣Ȼû뵽Ҷʵ˵ĿֲȻȫѹƣϸһɿֲѹڱӿţֻ͵ӭҶ˹ȥƳһɫâӿ˲佫Ҷ֣
죡
һ죬ǰ׹˲ɢţ˵Ŀ֮Уֱ׷ɳȥ׷ɳȥһ̣һǹգ˲紦һ䶤Զһϣ
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һߣ̻Ҳס
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⣬˵ʵ֣ϷҲǶ֣
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ԶҶһǰǧöϾʯ𣿡
㣬㾿˭Ҷݵˣݲôǿˣ
ҶͻȻһȭ߶ʱһھѪҶһץץס·Ȼ͵һң
죡
˲ѿ
ҶȴǳǰȻѹüĴһΣǧöϾʯ𣿡
ҶУǣ𣿡
Ҷ
һҶȻһԵʯ죬ԥ£Ȼתȥһᣬʯٴγ˳УָһһöɽҶǰ
Ҷɨһɽ䣬պǧöϾʯʱһһԴ㣬Ͳɽ䣡
Ҷתͷȥ̻
Ҷ춼ǣ۸ӣȻһһЩƳĿܰˡе룬ģЩġˣЩ໻һ˵ͿˡΪûҪȥʵǿˣǣöɽ䣬ǿ϶ưոݣ
˵Ҹô죿Ҷ
΢΢һû룬ҶЩ㶡Ϊܲ⵽ֵϾʯ˰ɣ
Ҷɽ𣬵ЩҸɴһԽɣ
ˣ
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Ҷ˵ͷڿûʱ˷ѣ˵ţϾʯ𣿡
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£Ҷе񽣾΢΢һţһѪ
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ʱϾҽ͵һ̤棬˶ʱʧԭء
ϢϾصԭأǰԶͷĪʯ컹ǧɷġ
ѾϾʯȻˣֺαؽ
ҿû˵ϾʯͷŹǣҶЦУÿ˶ҪΪԼΪۡ˵أ
ڸԼ鷳
ɱǣǾͲ鷳𣿡Ҷ
ҶΣȻתԵ죬æ˵ͷȻתȥ
ˣҶ˵꣬תȥ̫ϲ˴򽻵Щ˶ܻ˼ǡǡϲ˼
ղЩŮǧڵģǧڣʯ֮ǰǴͷĽǧǧһϣмʥߣʵȴԶԵŮӣû´ӦþǧĿǰΪϦ˵⣬ȴǲˡ
Ҷͣ½ŲȻת֪Ϣܸ֪м
شһ⣡
˵Ҷ
ǲҶҶ
Ҷɫ΢䣬Ȼ˶û뵽Ȼ⡣ΣҶǣ
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ݣʵǿȻҪΪ֣ҶҶǾҶ˵⣬ĿٴҶϣƬ̣ǸҪɵˣȷʵ
شҵˣҶ
ҲǺֻ֪ǰͻȻǧڡ֪֮ΪܾеʮĪ󰮡Īǿߣ֪жŮǣȴǹϾܾˣΪĪԵʣҲ֪ˣĪ죬ǰ¹Ժɵѧ
ǧȻʯģȴûһˣˣǧҲд֮⡣ΪֻҪ֮ϵţδضһ뢣ˣκԸύ£ģ
ӣҶ
һҶԲš
ʱҲߵҶǰҡҡͷ˵ģ椼ʵڲզΡ
Ҷ


1071 ٽ罣⣿
ȻǲҶĻġرҶݣҴδݣϦȴݵˡԣҶǿ˼ˡ
Ҷҡҡͷûнͣ߰ɣ
αھǰؽأʱ֪¹ԺĴȻʮɣ
ҪȥʸףҶϦʶôãҪŪ
͸Ӧȥˣ
ʱӦѾڰ¹ԺˣΪǣ϶Ѿ˰¹Ժ֮Уܹ͵͵Ǳ¹Ժʹܹ¹Ժڲʶ㣬𣿡
ˣҶ
΢΢ҡͷҲţǣȫûбҪƭң
Ҷ˷ۣ⻰˵ģû˵
ֵ̻鱨滹ԣ㲻Ļס£̽̽Σ
ΪʲôңҶûлش⣬Ƿʵ
ЦΪҶ
ҶҡҡͷҲף
Ϊֵҵֵܴ󣡡ҾкܶԺĵط˵кôˣڻܹṩ
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ʱʲôã
ҶһۣȻܲܰڲһˣӦҲݡ
ԣ˵ͷȵ̻ķֻϢϢɣģ飬Ѿȥˣʲô鷳
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷȻ֪ϦΪʲôף¼ĵνҪϦе⣬鷳顣ңϦҪҵҩԼҪݴҵһˣ죡
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Ҷ˵ͷҵİǳİĲʶңװġ
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ҶһߵϾǰ˫Ͼ˫ۣ֪ʱҾԼĺʧܡΪⱲӸñûбңˡڿʥʱʱʱĺܺԼġ
Ͼ΢΢ͷ̫
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵ̫ˣ
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Ҷ˫֮˸˷ܵɫʣȻٽ磬Ȼ󱬷ǽ⣬Ϊʲôٽأ
Ҷ֣Լһȴڽ棡
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Ͼ˵ͷԳһ£ʵڲУǧǿʮҪȥ¹Ժ
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ҶЩϧΪϾٽ編һֲ
֪Ҷ룬ϾԼĴУЩУڻͨ󣬲ٽ編Ҫ֪¥ǧƣ¥ǧѾС
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ڣҶվԭسĬú޾ӿ⣬ӿЩ⣬ŽŨȻĽǿģֻܸܵĸٿ£Ľ⽥Ũ
䣡
УͻȻһը죬ҶֱӵɳȥͬʱҲ˲̮Ϊ촷ۣ
˲ʱҶŴӵɫ԰ޱȣԴðǡȻʧ˵ģڽŨһ̶ʱһûƺãȻⱬˡͷˡ⽣ⱬ֮ķɣֱ뾫ġ
ζĲܣ
Ϣ˲ʱҶ»һңȻʼ
һΣ֮ǰô³çˡ
ʩչ˽Ȼڿʼͷų⡣ͷųڽŨƬ֮Ҷ˫۶ʱΪ֣ڽڣĸйٳƽʱʮϣ򵥵˵ǣڽڣǳһ΢仯ܹܵ
ʮ
ʲô
ζҪڽڽټʮϣ

һֱǼߵĶԭôֲȻǰûôֲģ֮ôֲӦԵʣ
ҶҲ̲סԼ޴
ΪһֱһֱôýȴδôùƷ򣬵ǣô෨ơ
Σ֣õҶϲ
Ϊ˿ֽ򲢲ߡߣҪֲ
˽ڣԺκζԴﵽٳɣ


1072 ʲô⣿
⣬һֿȴܹܵĴڡ
ΧĽ⣬ҶؿЩ⣬ȻǽŨȻнѹƣǲҴ⡣һŨĽõýܲסˡ
ģΪ߶ȼУҶϳ亹˫֮ҲЩѪ˿
Ȼн֣Ũ⣬Ĳһ򵥵Ļ
ⶫͬǣ⿼ĲĲٿľꡣ
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ģڣҶΧʮڵĿռ俪ʼ
ҶϺˮԽԽˣ
ʱһһȥҶΧĿռȻڲѾС˰ҡ
ʱ䣬ȻҶΧĿռ仹ڲСǣʱȴԽԽˡ磬ԭʮСɣֻһʱǴӰСɣʱСʱ㻨ʮʱ
Ȼʱ仨ԽԽ࣬ҶȴԽԽ˷ˡ
Ϊڲϱѹ֣ԽԽֲˣ
Ҳһ䲻ϴ϶ŨͻΪһʱȻߵȴ֮𡣶Ũ⣬ͬڶ
ŨŨ
Ҷģ
ŨĹ֮УҶһ⣬ǾȻ˽⣬һֱȴǺδ˽⡣
ıʲôԴ
ڴ֮ǰ޷ش
˿̣⽣ڣΪٽ罣⣬ˣҪȥ翵Ľ⣬ȥ˽ǣȻȥٿǡ£Խ΢˽һЩ
⣬һ⾳˵Ƚϳ󡣼򵥵˵ԽΪһ

ͬƣһӸλˣʵۣΪ˵ˣϱضԼơƲֶ࣡㿴ȷȷʵʵĴڣҴﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬻ʵʻ
⣬ر޾⣬Ѿֻʵʻˡ
ŨĹУҶΪʲô޾ɱ޾ҪǿˣΪ޾ɱ޾Ҫʵ
ڣҪٽ罣⣬ȾҪ޾ʵ
ʱһһȥת۾
ڣʱҶΧĿռѾ׻ָƽҶɫȴޱȡϣ񽣡ʱھҲšΪΧĽѾŨ֮ϣ
ʱĽ⣬Ѿﵽٽ㡣
޾ﵽٽжֲ
ҶоʱԼʼȶˣʩչһ˲ɱһ˲ɱٽ޾ӳ£Ҫʮ
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ٽ編ֻʩչһΣΪʩչһ֮ͻˣҪüָܹڣܹʩչˡһٽ磬һǽٽ硣ǰҪǿһʩչľĵǾ
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1073 һɱһٸҲɱ
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1074 Դ
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1075 ¹ԺҶˣ
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ҶЦЦǷɸ߼ʥһѣƺԺʲôûУǵﲻҪαҲˡƺԺֱòãǷӮģӮǱ˷ʱˣΣ
ҶĻЩѧԱɫʱѿ
һԺϰɫҲЩѿ֮ǰԺǿ֣߳Ͳ˰
Ժѧǰôӣ˵һӵĳˡҪǣ֮ԺϰҲ뵱ˡ
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ҶЦһԭҲ֪ǺհҾͲˡΪ㷨Щѧվɱأðɣ߱ǵжԣɱңҲ޿ɺǡֻǣ˵ܲģһЩ˷ʱɺã
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1079 Ϻȣ
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ʵԣֱӽģΪýֺͷ붼֪ŮպᱨǣղɱϦض鷳Ϊ֮ǰϦһĿɲֹң¹ԺҲɱģ
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֪ôԽչرЩޣ϶ɱġΪչôõġ

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Ƭ̺ϾаʱˡǼһﵽʲôǧʱʲô°ȻɾͶˣ
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Լͷʱʱ֪֪ҪʲôҪ¹Ժǰһﵥкܶ˿ŵģǴĿɲƺԺݡǶˣԺݳ˶̧ͷˣ
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ֱ飬ΣЦЦܲǼһʱˣ
ʱҲ߽˴ƿһ۰ϾȻҶأ

üͷһ壬Ȼڿɶڵˡ
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1080 Ϸ㣡
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1081 Ƣܸܵģ
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һǧڵȫľڼҶһѾסˡΪû뵽ǰ˾ȻսԺҶԣϦҲǴһ˿𾪣ͬҲû뵽Գӵ˾ս¹ԺҶ
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ҶҪˣûϵǷɲֲˡֻҪڱ̨£ҷ˿ͷϴǸҾͷһ·ΣɭЦ
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ɭӿһĨȻôҳȫ㣡䡣ɭһӣб̨ʱһ貵İ׹⣬׹ͬһһų̋
ͬʱ̨ϣҶеĳŤܿ죬˳һƬߵƽԭϡ
սҶԣǻڱ̨ϣ˻ǿԿ̨󷨣ԡ
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Ҷ䣬밲Ͼʧԭء


1082 Ϲܾˣ
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̨⣬˼һĻһ㶡
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طܹʲôˣ֪ͦģ

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ԪһԶİ¹Ժһۣ㷢ûɻǷɣһȽϳĶûڳȷʵҪʲô鰡
СһǾͻ֪¹ԺҪʲôˣ˵⣬ԪҪҪڶһΣҶСޱɡ
Ԫ̧ͷ̨Ƭ̣Ȼҡҡͷ
ٺһЦҲˡʮ˲ʥߣ϶˺ϻʮ֣˵СޣУ¶ʱڶκǲáɭȻƤ񣬵ȴɵûȥ
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1083 ʮţ
ѪһѪɫ޾ɱ⣬޾ڳһ
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ɭ˫۶ʱԲ彩Ӳס
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ɫɵԼԪ뺫Ҷղŵһֲ̫⧲£˵ɭǶ䣡
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׷Ҳ𾪣㾹Ȼӵ⾳Ҷ޾ѵõ㾹ȻǶںһ𣬳Ϊһµ⾳ãܺãû뵽ݵؽ羹Ȼšұ֮⣬飬ҲήҷˡȻǾͶȥɣ
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һǳ׷ƺԺ뿴ļֵֵֵ뷨ƴұ֤ǺߣҪƴһΣΪɭѾ˲Ҫˡڼߣ֪Ǻߣ
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ԪŷɵˣƲƲ죬Ǵһ˿мΣȫԴСѹˣΪһʯʵġ˵ɭֵļΣֱɱҶҲˣһʲôҲûˡ
ЦԴСû۸ˣԼɱⶪ˰ЦǣֳһϹＶĳҪԴС
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ҶΣȻ˵ͷҪƽһսҸ㹫ƽһս˵ţת˫һǰĿռֱӱţֳǰһץܿ죬һץ˳
󣡡
ӣʿɫһ䣬ʿӣԶԪ뺫Ҳɫһ䣡

ʮŵǿߣ
ʦӲĿ
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΢΢һȻתҶˣҶһۣȻ˷ʱˣһϰɣ
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1084 ֮
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1091 ɶ
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ʱսͻȻһţѪֱ𳯺ɡܿ죬˿Ҷ⡣
ˣз˶ʱһϲɵɫһ
ΪʱҶϾȻһѪۣЩѪ֮еѪӿеѪ֮СһԵķȴһҲ񾭹սһ㣡
Ҷ·磡
һĻһԵǶʱһĨЦ˵ҶǾ͸ˣ
սڡ
Ҷϵɱɢܿ죬еѪҲʧһᣬҶָҶԶķ⣬ޱȡ޾ɱ޾⾹Ȼκβǰˡ
κβãѹƣ
ҪǶԷûгȫ
ʱ̧ͷգΣҶʱ䲻ˣһоʤɣΣ
һж𣿡Ҷ
΢΢ҡͷҾߣҽ֣ԴСɣܹסҽһж䣬Σ
ôţҶ
Դʵʵ𣿡
ҶŷΣȻ˵ͷɣҿҪһɱң
΢΢ͷȻʼܿ죬һֳսڡ
һĻɫ䣬ʧɶҶСģ
ɶһԣϹշЦЦУſ⡣
ΪҶҪˣ
սڣҶֻɲǼ䣬ͬһ㳯ȭͷ۶ȥ


1092 Ǵ
ɶ
̨⣬̨ϣɫҲ⡰ɶģǰ¹Ժ鵱һŵ۽ɲһ۽ףһųɳε۽Ҳ˵ĳ̶ֳ˵ûޣ
ܹﵽʲô̶ȣȫʹߵ
˵һܹ԰벽߶в
¹ԺȻҲ֪ɵɫޱѿѾ˾
ɵһΪˡķ⣬ҶôǶ֣
𣬳˵
ƽܿͼţսڳ˺ޱȵһĻսĿռ侹Ȼʼ֧顣
̨⣬ϹĿϣ˫ֻգʱ׼֡
սڡ
ΧЩҶһĨһ̣һԾ˻һ籩ʱϷ·ڱһ㣬һѪһһѪϣϣϢȫһѪˣ
ƣ
ǷǰʱҶһŭȣһȭ
ȭһɻصҶȭͷк
䣡
һ죬ս˲飬ͬʱǱ̨Ҳ̼仯Ϊ촷ۣˣɿֲǱ̨͵ɢ֮ռ䶼鿪
˴󺧣
ʱһֻڳһನʱһɨ⣬ĿռҲ޸»ָ
ʯ
⾹Ȼһʥһʥģ
սĿռ䣬һλۼӳֵĿռ䶼ܲҶĹҲͰˣǾţʩչǡɶֲֿȻ˵
ҶأҶʩչʲôʩչʲôҪֻ֪ǰʥ
ʥѣ
У˵ĿⶼǱ籩ֵĹ㳡롣Ҷ֮սǹϵɵδ
˭˭
ܿ죬Щ籩ɢţҶС
ǳ
УͻȻʧĿⶼҶϣʱҶϣһľɫ֣ʱɫѾƣҲȱȫ
Ȼǳɹˣ
УһƬ
ǳڰ¹ԺҲһŷǳΪǰ¹Ժпǳ֮ȻҪǳı̬ʹˣǳ֮ǰ¡
Ĳܹܵģ
ȻҶȴɹˣ
𾪵ͬʱҲź档Ȼʱû˻ȥʲôǳֻģһ֣˭˭Ӯˡ
ӱƺǷʤһΪҶԽǱһЩҶȫѪۣʱҶЩֲǷȴһһƵᣬһĴݵ
ãͻȻԼеǸɫ˵Ŀ֮УǸɫͻȻƬɢڵء
һĻɵɫʱѿ
صƬһ˿ӣôãû뵽˵̧꣬ͷҶҾȣǳɹȻܽƵ̶ֳȡϧֻǰʥһʥߣһȭҿܾͽӲˣ
ŷ⿪˵ٴξķ֣һĨɺԷǻ
ɵˣرϹմ˿ɫĿ£
Ҷ˿ԼЩѪۣƬ̧̣ͷ⣬ҲҾȣȷʵԷʵȫԤϡڹؼʱʩչǳܾͲôˡ
֮ǰʩչʲôɶѾܹˡȵǣԷȻӲסٽ編򡣲ò˵ԷʵȷʵǿͬʱҲҶνһȷĸ
ֲܿ
ⲻڶʮһѾ˵ʵǰЩţرǰʮЩǺεȵĿֲ
ˣ
ʱƽڳ
һƬȻ
ɵ˻Ƿɵˣ˿Ŀⶼ˷ϡ
û䣡
ʱһԵϹͻȻŭô䣡Ҷһϣôܻսսɱɱ
ҶϹգɱ֣ͷ֮Ĳ俴һϹգҶ⣬ʵ˵û㲢û䡣
΢΢ҡͷ԰ʥʵս˸ƽ֣Ѿˡ֮ǰȣܽסһɶҾ䣬סˣԣˡ
˵ţתͷϹգϯңҰҽɣĳɾͣ飬ҴδǹգԸɣȻˣȴΪѾ
˵ţת룬ԺɴδңȴɶԸɣҷĲص֮ҲʩչѧһС
˵꣬Ŀɨ˳һۣȻҷ˳¹ԺӴ˿Ҳǰ¹Ժѧ¹Ժеһз޹أҽһΪҲԺ޹ء
˵꣬ҽ̤棬˻һ
㲻ߣ
Ϲһŭֳǰһ̽һֻצ˺ѿռ䳯Ƿץ˹ȥ
䣡
ͻȻһϹֻצϣצһȻ˻ʱѾʧ˵С

̨ϣ̲ס¹ԺڶԼܳѧߣ㣬Ǵ
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
УɻǷɶĬ
Σ뿴Ϲգԭ⵱ԺҼɣȫһ˲Ϲգֲĵ˵⣬Ȼ˰ɣ˰ɣ
Ϲ˫ȭգɫĿ£
˫΢գã˫ۣɨһ۳зɵһۣϲϣҡộȴɵĵôߡ˵ȥ¹ԺһջȻڿ쵶ն顣зɵˣ߰ɣ
һ̣ɵɫʱ
ѵҪ뿪ؽ磿ѵҪΪɥ֮Ȯ
оĿ£
ǻ᲻뿪Ҷԣ
ҶһϹգȻϼһ޳ܵĺܣ϶ʲôϷ
ʱϹͻȻ̧ͷ룬ǲأ
Ϲ仰˲һҪĻɽ졣


1093 ҿ
ߣ
ЦЦȻɫߣɱ㣬Ҫ𣿡
ٴνţɻǷɵ˶񾭡
ϹտãһЦԸķ䣬ҷɼȻˣȻʳԡߣңһ죬ǻڻģ
ͣ뵭
ϹЦһȻһԵҶҶǰɣãܺáҷɽɨأǰܵһͿأ㹦û
Ҷʼ磬Ҳ¹Ժģû취㷨ɷҪҡղҲվģֱңû취ֻվˡҪ˵һжԼڷ㲻ҳʲô¶û˵أ
Ϲ˫΢УҶãȻҶҼסˡ
˵꣬䲻ٷϻתɵˣλεıˡǣǻδ䡣ңһջ»صǵһСһ죬̫ãң
ԸĹµķɵӣ
ʱͻȻڳ𣺡֮պԺڷʲôɷɣǰ¹ԺѧֻҪܹһ㣬Ҽ̡
Ļ෨ɵѧʱЩ⶯
ԣ˭Ը뿪Լļңȥɥ֮Ȯأ
ǿҪˣ
ʱϹͻȻҪպͲҷɵѧҵȻʱҲὲ棡
һزأ
ʱҶͻȻڳ
Ϲɫһת俴һҶҶȴʼ磬ֻǼһ£ƤôպҪҲǲܡϾֻҪĻڸģ룬Ժ϶һĹµĻġ
Ϲհɱ֮ĲԷ֮ûкͽܣȻΧ֮ڸԷҵ鷳
Էκβ
ԺԸ
ʱһɵѧվ˳ҲԸ뿪¹Ժ֤ǰĶԹϣԺǰӣ
ҲԸ
ҲԸ⡭
ܿ죬һǧѧվУһЩɵĽϰԼϡ
ϹɫĿ£ԭƻе飬ȴ˱ʩչ
һᣬѾǧɵѧʾԸǧҲֻٲ֣Ϊɵѧܹࡣ
Ϲ俴һɵˣȻңһգҷɻվ
˵꣬תɵˣߣ
ɵ˵Ŀ£ѧϹյĴ뿪˰¹Ժ
ûлûʤɵ뿪ҲζŰ¹ԺӴ˺ʵ󽵣޷Щʯ⡣
ڰ¹Ժδ˶ãˣ
λ
ʱڳ𣺡նǰ¹Ժ˵һաɵ뿪ǰ¹Ժʵһˮһ롣ҵóϣԺʯ֮Уǰ¹Ժ»Ϊ׵Ĵڡǡ
˵⣬Ӵ󣺡ǣɵ뿪ǰ¹Ժ˵ֲʧΪһᡣΪԺǰ¹ԺڣֻһԺǰ¹ԺκʱҪŽᣡУȻ뿪ˣǰ¹ԺĸڣֻҪŽһ£պݣҰ¹ԺؽŹâ
¹Ժ꣡
¹Ժꡭ
У¹Ժѧ
ʱͻȻϮһ׹⣬׹أһ߳С
ۣ
Ҷ˫΢Уⲻǰ¹Ժĵ˰ɣ
ߣһĨӣ֣ĵǿ죡
ְڣ
ɨһܣôˣվǷˡҲãԺ󣬴Ҹչģ໥Ҳˡ
֣ɷͨڣ
΢΢ҡͷ֪صģ
ԣһ̾Ȼһգţ˫һУɲǼ䣬ؽ綼
Ҷ֣صʲôҪ
ʲôҶԵķơ
Ƶһ̾ݣиƷһٶҶҪƷΪ˱ֹɱ¾Уһˡ˹涨ֻܹӵһƷԭǰ¹ԺӵΪ⣬ǾԼĪ춼ǿߣڣ뿪ĪǷɵģҲ˵ѾûʸӵƷˣ
ѹôǿҪţ
Ҷ΢΢ͷЩΪʲôôⰲϾˡ˰Ͼ츳֮⣬϶Ϊ԰Ͼ츳ǱΪ԰Ͼ츳ǱѾ൱Ԥһˡ
񣬲һûƷʯϸ˵ѾʯˡͬڵǧڣǵȻǺųʯʯУʵѾˣֻΪûǿߣûƷ
˵󣬷֮дŨŨĿɬ벻ʡ
˵Ŀ֮УɳİɫԵصڷɶʱóһϽɫĲɫһգһӿܿ죬ɫȫǽڡ
ʧʱһ̣ؽ˶оʲôʧ

Ѹٵʧһᣬؽͱ֮ǰʮ
ڸݲˣ
Ҷԣ
Ҷ˵ͷؽȷʵݲˡֵط˵˵ٶȶҪ½
¹Ժܾ»ò˶ã¹ԺҪû䣡
Уպý𲧣Ȼɫ룬ԥһ£һ̾Ϊ֮
˵꣬һʧʡ
ʵҶģ
ʱв֪˭ͻȻ˵һ䡣ʱ˵ĿⶼҶϡ
ĿҲҶϣУһ˿˷ϲɫ
˵Ŀ⣬Ҷһ˲Ȼ岻ݴǣƺԺ¹Ժһپ٣һ𣬰¹Ժǿ󣬶ƺԺкô
ҶӦ˶ʱʿҲʱ¶һĨЦݡ
ҶĿ䵽һԵϦϣһ˲ȻһǧڵǰʱͻȻϦϦŴϢĪҽסŴҵȥ
ף
ʱҶǰ˭
Ҷɫһ䣬ʶһ
˵˭Ҷɫ
ʱ΢΢һæĪĪĪףģȻϦ
ҿ
Ҷڳ


1094 ǳ
ҶĻЩмĪĴ֮һҲϵļ֮һ̣˵¹ԺħڶȲϡҶһ츳΢һ˰ˡֹϵļǰҶƨ㲻ϣ
Ȼɵ˵ͲҶȥĪҵ鷳һͿԿҶҵ³
ô
ʱߵҶԣʵ
ҶһϦȻת룬ԺϦͬһطΪһЩԭһ硣ǣڲ֪Ϊμǲ顣ǰæ鿴һ
λ棿뿴Ҷ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ԭˣ
΢΢ͷƬ̣Ϧһԣ˵ȴǱҶһɵɫһףһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
һָϦü䣬Ϧü΢ҪʱҶϦ㲻֪Լǰһ𣿡
ϦĬΣȻٷȻҲ֪Ƭհ׵ļ䡣
ģüͷԼֹһӣջ֣ɫˡ
ΣҶæʡ
ĬãȻǰ£Ϊļ䱻ӡˡ
ӡ
Ҷɫһ䣬䱻ӡΣ
˸
Ҷɫǰɷ⿪ļ䣿
ҡҡͷַӡģĵߣȻҪǿнĻֱܻܿĨȥеļ䣬Ϊһ׳ա
Ҷ˫ȭգΣһǧΪҪӡϦļ䣿
Ҷɫɫһ䣬ҶӣЩˡ˵ʱӡļ䣬ӦΪǰλ顣Ѿͷ츳Ǳܲδ϶ɾͲӵλļ䣬ǧڿܾͻˡΪ˿λţӡ飬ݺܳ
ǧڣ
ҶһĨ衣
ͻȻѾͷĹϵ
ӣҶ
ϦһҶû˵
ҶĻɫ΢䣬Щˡ
ϦİɣʱҶȻ
뿴һҶȻ˵ͷתʧԭء
ҶҪ𣿡
һҶڴ̼Ҷǧڵ뿪˳С
ҶߵϦǰϦ֪һܣ֪һϲã֪һС֤ʲô֤ȷȷʵʵҵӡ˵ţҶʼϦϦߴ½һ顣
ãҶ˵ϦĬ
ϦҶƬ̣ȻҺãҲ֪Լ˭Ҳ֪ԼδҪʲô˵ӣ֪δ˵٣Ϊ֪Լ֪飬Щ飬ȴַǳʵҲҺܰ㣬ڣûָоҪûмûиоڵң𣿡
ҶḧһϦ˿ãҲ㡣ģҲûܹ㲻ϲ飬ʲôǧڻʲôĪҡ
ҪȥˣϦ
Բȥ𣿡Ҷ
ҲȥΪǧĪҹͬĵˡϦ
ϦĻҶ΢΢һ漴ϲ㵣ңϦڵҡҾ֪Ȼû˼䣬һоû
Ϧ
ЦƬ̣Ҷ˵ǧĪңΪ㣬ΪҶ¡
ϦҶãһһĵС

Ҷһ۾ϳ⵶͸Ϧġ
ϦеĵãҼһֱңҶӵÿһζûӡղŸ˵͹һѵû´Ѱɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ϦҶҲ֪ǰ飬ʱ䡣
ҶһĨɫҪ̫ԼǧĪҵ飬ҡ
ϦҶһĨӣȻ˵ͷ
ܿ죬ϦĴ뿪˰¹Ժ
ԭأϦȥķҶĬ
Щ֣ʱҶԣĪǷɵˣֻǵûʲôǣĪҵˡĪңĴ֮һҲϵļ֮һǰ¹ԺûзѣҲǣڡ
˵⣬˶٣ֵҪǧڵ̬ȣǺڴϦĪˡҲ˵һĪǧڹͬ˼ǲ֣ͻΪĪǧڹͬĵˣ
ǧҪϦʲôĪ죬ĿĪңҶʡ
߶У
Ҷ˵ͷȻԺ԰¹Ժδô
˵ʲô뿴Ҷ
Ҷİ¹Ժ˵ǵ˹ȵסҪչûмǷչˡŪãһ겻񣬴Ӵ˳û䣬Ȼ󱻱̲㣬Ժϰɣ
˵ͷ
Ҷֱ𣬵ǳʱ̣÷ǳֶΡ
ʲô˼ֱе㲻
ҶϣԺܹȥǧף
΢΢һ漴ЦҪҰ¹ԺŸĪҸɰ
ҶһôһԺѧ֪Ұ¹ԺȻˣѪԻڣǲκʯڣȱľΪҿ󣬴ʱ棬϶ڿǵЦЦʲôЦǰ¹ԺûˡǿʵǣûУǰ¹Ժκκ
Ĭ
ҶֵȻ֮ô˵Ȼ˽ĵģΪԺܡԺҳҲǣϾҶ˵˽¡һ뿪ԺȻϦȥͶڻħڣʲôʯҲвԺǣԺͦң·ҲΨһ·ˣ
ĬãȻҶתȥܿ죬ȥǧס
лˣ
Ҷ΢΢һɣûа¹Ժ֧֣ľֻܴϦˡһʯжֲȻǳ˵ģ͵˵ɰɣɲǸìܣһһûӮĿܡ
ԣҪϦֻð¹ԺңȡȻҲӲ
ʱͻȻߵҶԣȻóһݸҶǳȫԺҽġ˵ǾѧᣬȻǿܾȥ޻ˡ
Ҷ
ƺҶص˷䣬ȻǾᣬɨһۣҶʱסˡ
ûƷףʲôЦ


1095 ռһ˲ɱ
ΪɻҶȥ롣
˼˰¹ԺǰãΪ޵ǳ֮ɹˣҲ֪ʲô𡣡ǳͲڵ۽Ʒӹɣ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ룬Ȼתȥ
ҶıӰһĨӡ
Ѿ뿪˰¹ԺҶ뿪Ƕ԰¹Ժ˵һصĴң¹ԺҪһҲҪҶԣΣҲҶ뿪¹Ժ
ҶҪ¹Ժ¹ԺֺγҪҶ

Ҷûлص䣬˰¹Ժ󷽵һɽ֮ϡ
ʱҹ졣
Ҷ򿪾ᣬʱһϢӿҶС
ǳ֮Դ棬Լ
ɽ֮ϣҶ㾲һʱŻ˫̧ۡͷķǣЩã
ǳжǳ֮ܣǳ֮˸ʶ嫵棬֮⣬ǳ֮Լ֪ĺ֪֣϶֪ʽ
ΪСľͲǳ֮ҲǺ
һ̣뵽˵Ůһ仰ܴǺС
ΣҶ΢΢ҡͷջ˼Ȼʼǳ֮塣
ãδŬȡδܹиõʵδ˵磬ܶܶûȭͷ˵ġ
ΣҶûǳ֮ǽǳ֮յڣȻǳķתЩǳ֮
ɽ֮ϣɫǳ֮ǵк£һɫûҶڡһ̣ҶɢžɫĹâһ貵ǳ
ȱǳǳ𣬵һǲȱǳյǳ֮ڴ̫ãȴᣬΪǳһ׿ھķ׿ھķǳ֮ڡ
ȻΪǳ֮Եʣ˵࣬޷ǳ֮Ҷȴᣬںĵ£ǳ֮ᷢͻҲ˵ǳ֮ȫͬǰ㱻ڣ
ʱҶ˫۶Ȼ˸쳣˷뼤
ǳ֮Դڣǲǿǳ֮ʩչû̾ȥô
ҪĿǽǳ
֮ǰһսǿǳӲסǷǣɶɶǵ۽ƷҲ˵ǳպʩչ۽ƷҲ
ȱǳǳڶǣȱǳֻܽǳ֮⣬γɷ֣򲻽ܹγɷ֣ܹǳ֮ȫΪһ壡
Ҳ˵ʱڵ⣬ÿһϸǳ֮
ǳҪϸΪܳסЩǳ֮ǽֱӱãҶǿǳҪ
ǳ֮ҶҲڽաڽκζ°빦
һ
ɽ֮ϣҶ˫۶ȻɲǼ䣬ӿһɿֲľɫܿ죬ЩɫڡţҶ˱˾ɫ
ԼϵЩǳ֮ҶһĨ˷ܣʱȫǳ֮ڵȫӲ۽Ƿ⣬վöԷʩչɶ£
ǳһȱݣǾʩչʱˣ˺ڣڳȥǳȫܵһУ·˺һ㡣ŽʮϢھһ㣬ƿֱҪ̱
һڣһӾܳܵļޣһӣضҶš
ȻֻһӣǶҶ˵ҲܲˡΪһڣ߲ǵ޵еĴڡȻֻ˵ĳЩˣŮڤŮĴڣ˵һӣǼʱûտסԷ
ԭأҶóһöϾʯ£һʱ޸֮ʼŲٿǳ֮ʩչ
Ľ뽣ʩչҪرնνԼһ˲ɱÿһʩչҪŪ;ƿݡ
ܹʩչǳ֮ʲôζԺʩչˣʩչǳ֮֮ܶǣܹʩչǳ֮ȱ˶һԴҲζţʹպݽˣҲ̫Ӱ죬Ϊǳ֮ݽߣ
˵
ûʲôرķͰղٿķʽٿǳ֮
һʼҶСΪҲ³һ鷳ɲСǺܿ죬֣鲢ûôѡĲٿ£һǳ֮˳ľֱָۣ⡣
һ̣ҶԶһ㡣
ͣ
һɫʱָ⼤ɫգ˲ʧʾͷһǻҹգ
Ŀԣ
Ҷ˸ſϲ֮ɫ
ԭʩչһٵӵնνʩչΣڣǳ֮ʩչʮΣ
ѹסĵļ˷ܣָ㣬ܿ죬ɫָ⼤ʧʡ
ǳ֮
Ҷ̧ͷǺ嫵ǿգ̲סһĨЦ⡣
ǳ֮Ҳ൱һƣ
Ϥһתǳ֮Ҷʼһ˲ɱʵնνﵽ˿Եһٵʹ죬ԵĴﵽһһʮһһʮĵնνȫһɱһ߼ʥߣ
նνıǿһ˲ɱЩˡ
Ҫһ˲ɱǿֻһ취Ǿǽٶ
һ˲Ҷ˽Ȼһ̽һ⽣С
ǰʩչһ˲ɱֻʩչһ˲ɱûӳ֣罣֮
ΣҪһӳһ˲ɱٶȣ
ӿܿ죬ҶĽʱҶ򻺻Ʈ
һ̣ҶҽͶգŴĿռʱ䡱һ˱ڵһ̣Ľ͵ɿͬʱ˳ʩչ֮򡭡
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ճ֣һǧɵĿռѷ˿УһڳӡͬʱǧһǧɸߵĴɽʱһΪ촷ۡ
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桭桭󡭡ˡ
˵꣬ҶԴһᣬֱӻȥˡ


1096 Ҳģ
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ҶӦ΢΢ͷȻһʧԭء
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1097 ۷ǣգ񽣣
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ѩЦһû𣿺ã˵һ顣ܲ˼ҽӹеƽ춼ʮƽʮҶҪߣף
ҶСһңɫ

ѩһǳȹŮӣЦһƾʲôһңһ͸㣬ƫ
λƺʶʱǳȹŮͻȻѩΪζҳ⣿
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ǰû˵ˣѩʱĿ֮дһ˿
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1098 ʧѣѧѣ
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ѩͻȻҶĻңû١
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ңûô࣡ѩ
ǼϿΣҶ
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飬񡭡
ѩ˫ֻ


1099 ɣ
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ллûɱǡڷֻɱǣһкܴ鷳
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˵ͷ˵ļʯ֮⣬ҵ۷ǣΪУǾ͸ûˡΪ˵ģҶаһˣ㹻ǳͷ۵ˡ߲˭Ҳκβõģ
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ԺлᣬǱԱ԰ɣҶҺټǿĽޣرһǵһ
뽣ޱԣرǿĽޣкܴĺôȻҶýÿһ˵Ľǲͬģܹд裬໥ֲǿ϶кôġϧڲ㣬Ҳûʱ䣡
۷ǣܶ࣡ҶЦ
лһȥҶ
ʱҶҶɫͻȻһ䣬ͬʱתԶȥңԶʾͷһڵڳ߸ܿ죬Ϣһ۵Ŀ߳ҶҶǰ
ۣ
Ҷɫ
Ҷһ۶ԷֿһҶ񣬲˵˵ĿҶΪʶԷ
ĿҶϣȷʵ˵ãҶ˦ˡϧˣҲ޷ʩչˡڣԼߣҴߣ
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ҶͫһתͷҶһ˿𾪣û뵽Ů˾Ȼˣ
ϸ˼֣
Ҷߣа֪ٵģ
аɣ
Ҷתͷߣǰ߾Ȼаɵġ֪аɣǴǰԪ֮пܼɵ
㲻Ҫ֪ߵģаɲɱ㣬ֻҪ¡ȻԸĻǺǣţֻҪУ϶᲻ԸģҲҲԸ⣡
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼλ뿪Ҹߣ
ɲУ΢΢ҡͷʱ۷֪аУԣ
ɣ
ʱҶͻȻڳ𣬽ţҶ͵ذνһն
һһƳգݺնߡ
һٵնν


1100 ߱һ
ȻҶЩøУûȤκϵа۷֮ǵĶԹȥĵѾܶˣڼһаɣˡԣ֮ǰѾ⡣û뵽ԷȻҪɱڣ
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䣡
ʱһƽһʼҾҡ
ת˲ʾͻָƽ
ʱƽ֮ѾûҶҶӰ
ε׾ˣ
˫΢Уһֱ̣ӻһʧʾͷ
ҶȻҪӣǿߣûнֹ֪Է֣ƾٽ編⾳ʩչռ桰һ˲ɱȻûʤĿܡһʩչЩƣǾζҪˡ
ʱûȤԷ
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аɺǿ𣿡Ҷ
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һĻϿ˫΢Уһ˿أͬʱתɲǼ䣬ɫֳƤ֮ϣϸͻ֣ᷢЩ·ֵٰٵˣֻȭͷ֮ϣ˸Ŵ۵ĺâ
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1101 
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ҶйͷҲôˡʵǶԷٶԶӲӣֻ˷ʱ䡣
ԣʱļƲʧܺѡս
һεĳֱ֣ʩչһ˲ɱûоȫֻǼӳ˽֮򡣼ʹˣһ˲ɱԭٶȣʱٶҲﵽһΪֲĵز֮ռֱӱ˺ѿѸٳɢ
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屻ĳˣҶе⽣ȴʼ޷硣
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죡
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ˣҶüʱΪҶԴ·磡
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˵ţҪ֣ʱɫͻȻһ䣬תͻȻһ׵ǰĿռ˺ѿɫٴһ䣬͵˹ȥ
䣡
һը죬˱ĳɡ
⣬ٿ˿Լ֣ʱĳһ˫΢Уһ̣һҶȥ
һԣһĻҶûκԥҽͶգ˻һѪɫⱩ˲ǿٵǰ

һŭȣƽճȭȻһȭ
䣡
ȭײΧĿռ˲̮ת˲ռͱ޸ʱҶһھѪ˻һѪ⵹˳ȥһ̣˫Ѫǿٺնȥǿɫ

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ҶߺҶƬ̣ͻȻɫһ䣬ǧ磡


1102 ԽʾԽþ
ҶɫЩѿΪҪڽϵǧ硣ǣƽûˡ⻹⣬֪ǧ
һ·գ֮ǰս˸췭ظʱѾû˷СзУҲ֪ߡ
Ҫ֪΢ƫǿܾƫǧˡ
ˣ
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УҶ˫΢գвϻ֮ǰһĻ
ӺʣŵʮҶаԷʵǿ𣿺ǿδһۣ˵ֱߣ⻹ǿرǶԷһֽǳ뻯
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𣿲һҲöˡδԼµһ෴ģǵŮԣԼĽŸոտʼ
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ʵԽһ棬Ҳ˽ķǳ١
ڽֻ֪һ㣬ҲһֱһߣǾǣ䣡
²⣬ڽĳɾͻԣΪһ㣬Ϊܹ䣬ǾʹľϾ
һˣ׵Ĺ¾ͻǰǣ»ͺñһ˱۸ˣʵʤԷȴΪԷıضҶ֡һ̣ԻСҴıνĹȫ֡

ʵûҶⲢûдΪȷʵʱС̵ȷҴı
ǣܶʱ򣬲̣ԷͻŹġʱãڶԷˣܶʱûľǶԷ䱾衣˾ԽʾԽþ
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1103 ˫ޣ
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Ҷݣɱһʥ߾һöϾʯʮһǧҶ·һ֮
ʱСͻȻһǷȻɵҶǰҶԴ˲䣬һ׹ûҶؿڡ
Сһﲻ϶һܹɣ
Ҷ֣ÿһСϵԽԽһˡرһΣ˶оСϷĳЩ仯ʲô仯Ҳ޷˵
Сرӣȴسͷһ𣬲ò˵ܹ֣
һ˲Ҷһʧԭء
ܿ죬ҶǧڵĺɽյɽͿһڵĹһɽڹɽܣصķơ
Ҷ֪ضһ󷨣
ʱŽգҶҴ⣬ûӲǧڣѾܵǿϢе˿롣֪ǰۣһֹһλһΣ˵ģڵģõ͵һ㡣
ҶʱĴžʹ˿ţһǧڵ˳ᣬҶһֱӻһӰ˹ڡսҶԼڽһĺӰ
Ŀɨһۣܿ죬Ϧ
ǰԶһ͸ĹϦڵأɫΪ㲡
Ҷһϲһ͸ԣʱϦ۾ҶʱϦ΢΢һ漴򡭡˵⣬ͻȻ˵ˡ
ҶȴǿϲϦ㣬ˣ
ϦһҶһ˿ӵֻһ㡣
ʲôˣҶɿϲ
ϦҶΣȻ˫ޡ
Ҷ齩ס˫ޣȻǵãΪΪ˾Ϧʩչ˫޾û뵽ϦľȻ¡ҲûɶεģϦǷޣ鲻Ǻ
ҶָϦ㻹ǵ𣿡
Ϧ΢΢ҡͷ
Ҷûϵģһ취ָġҾ˵ţҪִݻסϦĹ֡
ʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬ţջ֣Ȼʧԭء
Ҷʧһ̣Ŵ򿪣ţһ˽
ʦϦü΢
Ϧʦա
ߵǰϦûУ
ѾзˣϦȻûȫָ䣬ѾһҶһЩ顣
˫΢УϦ¹ǧڵδûѡҲûѡ񡣡
ϦĬ
ڤ粻ˣ
һӣǹڶʱʧߵϦǰȻҾ㳹ǰɡ
ʱɫͻȻ䣬͵תתһ̣صͻȻѹϣö΢΢һ٣һ٣һ⽣Ѿϡ
㣬˭պ
Ҳϻ̽Ϧļ䡣Ҷ
֪֪
˵ʲôʱһͻȻۣ˫۶ȻԲҪȣȴǱҶס͡
Ǹ߼ʥߣǶҶ˵رĸ߼ʥߣȻһ߼ʥ
Ҫ֪ʱѾԶһ߼ʥˡ
ٿŵĽչɲǰ׳Եģ
һ붡ֱ֮кҶûͣ£Ŷյͣұ۵Ĺ⽣͵ڶʹַ̣⣬ÿһȥù⽣ڶڵĹͷϺݺݵĹУֱͷ׹ֻỻط¿ʼ
ϢϾѾʮйǣ
ʹõöɫŤæ˻Ƶҡ⡭
⣿
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷӡ飬Ǵ˵һвӵˣ
˵ţҶ⽣γȻֶŶϲȥ
Ѫ䣬ȫȾ죬һѪˣ


1104 ڣҲ㣡
һԣϦһĻûֹļ䲻࣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
оõҶڷŭǳŭ֮ԷŭΪ˿̣һĵӿ
У岻ϳ鴤ţŤǾ֣ΪʱѾҶ˲һٵˡ
йǣ
־ʹζûпһֵĥУ˻𣬵ΣҶĽ뽣ѹ޷֡
ҶĽڶϲţһᣬȫѾȾ졣ŮˣȻǷŭġһᣬϦļܾҪŮ˳ĨȥˡΪֺʲôĪ죬ܻϵϦΪ
ߣһ뵽ŮΪ˿ϦӡϦ䣬Ҷ̲סҪɱˣ
ӺҶͣˡ
˿̣ǶѾһϢУǾ֡ʱı飬֮ǰûʲô
ҶڣԽϦļˡˣ㲻ʲôɣ
ҡͷ
ҶЦЦãס滨һϡ
æͷ
Ҷſ˶յ˫֣ǽȴǻڶյĺԿʼˡ
ղ˫ַϦԴϣܿ죬Զ˫ûϦУϦüͷʱϣʹࡣ
Ҷɫһ䣬ʱæ⣬ġ
ԣҶڶպĹ⽣ʱöմһ
ʱһһȥҶ붡˵һĥȻ³⣬ȻԼСͽˡҶȻϦ⣬˵ϦǾԲܳġ
ԼһӺ󣬶ջ˫֡ҶоõһҲ΢΢һɡ
һᣬҶ붡Ŀ֮УϦ˫ۣţҶ
Ҷ϶ʱ¶Цݣ񣬲İ
ˣϦҶƽȴˮ
Ҷֱʱߴ½ڻĴ뿪ڼûбӡʱʱ޿̵ڵҶ񣬼Ҷţʱ飬޷ݡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦˣ
Ҵδ㣡Ϧ
߰ɣ
Ҷ˵ţҪգʱϦȴͻȻɱ
ôҶʡ
ΪʥߣڶлƣƱȻѣʱұؽ¶Ϧ
ƣ
Ҷɫһ䣬ˡҿѾ¶ˣ
ôϦʡ
Ҷɱû´ʱǧڿѾˡ䣬Ҷɫٴһ䣬Ϊʶɨ
ҶɻýԼϢܿ죬Ǽʶ뿪ǣҶ΢΢һɣʱһɫͻȻۻأȻͣվλáҶ˫۶ʱ΢֪¶ˣ
䣡
⣬һ
󷨿ˣϦ
Լץ
һϵŮԹ
ۣ
Ҷȥһӣʮʥ߿ܳϦΧʮʥ߿ܣǵ밲Ͼ뷨ɳսʱʮʥߡʱɱʮʥʱûг״ݻʮˣǽʮʬ
Ȼʮֻʥߣһ߼ʥ߸Ƕ֡Ȼʱǧڿ϶ûʲôõģΪ۴ڣܱûеĺãϾ˰ۣһ߼ʥ߸޷ƿʮ˵ֺϻ
Ҷٿһʥ߿ܿסǶգȻϦ𣿡
Ϧ΢΢ҡͷ
Ҷ֣ϦʱסҶ֣ҶһЦһ߳˹
⣬Ѿۼǧǧڵӣи߼ʥ߾ϰ٣͵Ҳǰʥ
ŵִӣϦ
Ҷ΢΢ͷĿ⿴Ϊ׵һɫȹŮӣŮֻмʥߣȴЩ߼ʥߵϢҪǿʱϦĿҲɫȹŮϣľȣǧڵ֮ܳһǧһ֮ڶһľǧϣġ
ɱģľĿҶϣʡ
˵ǣ𣿡Ҷ
ľȿһҶĿһԵĶϣϵʱľɫʱҶ㾿˭ΪҪǱǧڣɱǧڳϡ
ҶϦӣǧڣΪ
һɺԣ
ʱͻȻһϦվҪ޸ĪҹĪ죬ôӡ
ӣʱϦͻȻվ˳λ棬λǾѳסϦлǧڽѻָ䣬ǧڷҷȥм
ϦĻһƬȻŮû뵽ϦѾˡ
Ҫ֪ĪӭȢϦӰԷ֪Ϣ൱ǧڴĪĪҵ
Ϧ֪˵ʲôʣٴ
ϦȻ
վĪӭȢӣ¹ϵǧδ£ܳһף
ԣϦɫʱҶЦҶϦȻ̧ͷʣһʯȻҪԼˣδǿЦðɣҪôûϵǣǧھȻҪȥˣȻǻδǲ̫һ㣿
֣
ϦǧڵӣǧھȨδҲΪǧδ׳ԼΪŵӣΪϡߣ޸Ī죬ĪҲٲãҲȸһʥðɣ
˵⣬˶٣ֵϦ֮ϻҪףǧûѡҲûѡӦ޸Ī죬ˣҿţҲԱļ䡣Ȼһɱеģڳȥļ䣡
Ϧûй˵ˣҶһģ
ҶЦЦȻ̧ͷʣߣ
б£Լ߿
䣡
һѪҶڳǧ˲һƬѪ죬еѪϢõҶЩǧڵɫ䣬һ̲סˣһЩѾ˵ģֱӱɱʴΪһͷɱ¾
һѪҶУҶסϦڣҲ˺㡣ߣ


1105 һȭ
۽ף׽
ʣǵ֮дһ˿أҵС㡣Ϊƾһܹǧڣδ̫Щ
£һԵǻľͻȻһҶȥ
ն
ҶһӣһѪɫ˲Ѫ
죡
һը죬ǻľ˱ĳ˽ǧɣǰһɫСܣ˿̣СѾ׹ѿ
СܿƷ
ľ΢΢һ΢΢һĨСܣʱСֱӻΪ촷ۡ
ҶûйǻľȣһУΧʥ߿ܶʱţֻסϦ˻һѪâʱȥ
ԭҶܿסĶռһĻʱһ̱ڵϣԹؿǻѪâԶȥҶҪ硭
ʱһѪɫϮ˲û붡УֱըѿѪĽ

ʣը졣ţһֻ˺ѿռ䣬ҶϦץ˹ȥٶȼ죬գ۾׷ҶϦҪץ촷ۡ
УľϮҶһĨת͵ؾһնһѪʱϯ˲ֺֻһ
䣡
־һȻڿֱըѿɲǼ䣬һֲ˷籩ȻɢҶȴǱϦתһԶȥ

ʴһŭһ̣һһܿ죬ҶͣΪǰԶһŮӡŮӿʮ꣬һϮȹվɢһɲŭʡ
ǧθǧչأǧڸ𡣡ҶԣϦ
ǧһϦȻҶ۽׵Ľ޾⣬㾿Ǻˣ
¹ԺҶҶûʲôģҲû
¹Ժ
ǧ˫΢УǸսʤ˷ϯ󣬲⼤սܵҶڰ¹Ժ飬ΪȻ֪ġˣҶ֣İӦ˵ؽΧӦöİˡ
˵ģ͵ƾ⼤սһ㣬㹻Щʯˡ
ңҶֱǧɱӿڣֻϦߡ
ǧڵʲôˣ
ǧֻԺ߾ߣҶҲʲôšգǱǧڣɱǧڳϣַ²ǧڵӣҸ㣬վҲȲ㣡
Ǿսɣ
Ҷ£͵һӳһѪɫ˲ǧǰ

ǧһĨ⣬͵һȭȭһɫȭӡֶ˲ҶѪɫһ
䣡
߾һܿҶǵѪɫ˲ѿһ̣һӳ޾޾ɱĽ˲ɫȭӡ֮ϣɫȭӡ˲䱻Ѫɫ˺ѿٶȲǧȥ
ʱǧͻȻһײҶǵѪɫ֮ϣ΢΢һ٣ҶǵѪɫֱӻޣͬʱ˲Ҷǰ
Ҷɫ΢䣬΢΢Ϧʱ˳ȥһ̣ʳϣţѪ֮УȻ͵ذνһն
ˣ
һѪɫҶ֮м
һһʮնν
Ѫɫɫڿײһʶʱһһ˲ʡ֮Уʱʱ뼤ҵײһ̾Ҳ
˲˼ĿһĻ
û뵽ҶȻܹǧսҪ֪Ҷǰʥǧǰ۰
˵ľǲһذ
䣡
ʣһţһâѪâʷ˿ʵЩѾΪޡ
ǧʱɫ˼㣬һɹɿ񱩵ϢӿԭΪԼоҶһս֣ȻԷ·磬ȴܹ⣬ҪСģΪһСģܾҪ˵
޾⾳Ѿȫܹвˣ
һԣҶֽչʣڣѪҶѪһɱӿͬʱڵɱ¾֮Ҳɱ·һвӿ
ҶѾʮ˿ڣÿһ˿ڶÿһ˿ڶѪճ⣬ͱҶڵѪաҶֽŽֻұѾϣһСߣ
ò˵Сˣ
ǧҶ¹Ժ˷ɣ˷⣬ȴֶ㣬ǵȷʵϧǲǧڡ
ߣҶ˫۽գڿʼ
ߣ
ǧЦһգȻǧҪΪ˵Ц
䣬ǧڶȻһɫٶȼ죬˲Ҷǰ
Ҷ˫۶ȻУѪɫǵɫݺײһ
䣡
һҶ͵ذνһն
ˣ
һһѪɫڳһ
һٶʮնν
Ҷʱļޣ
ǧͫ΢΢һһΣ֮ɫҴ⣬ǧ˫͵سǰһģһɫĻϯǵ
䣡
һ˾Ŀ֮Уǧ˱ĳǧɡ
ҶûйǧһϦߣϦȻ˳ԶȥٶȺܿ죬գۼҪǧڡ
ʱǧͻȻһ׹⣬Ҷײ棬׹һҶȴǱĵɶء
ǹ󷨣
ҶԣϦ
Ϧһ̣һɫƾճ֣˺ݺݺ˹
Ҷͫ΢ѪٴһնѪֽĽȴûֹܹǰɫҶɫ΢䣬æϦ
죡
һ죬Ҷ˱˽ǧɣʱֻصǧڡ
˵ˣգ
ҶͣһԶҶתͷȥǧ
Ҷ˫΢գܿ죬ΧɱȫӿڣһᣬҶ˻ָȴǲѪҲദˡ
ôҪͶҶ죬ǧЦ
ǰɡ
ҶϦȻǧȥͬʱֻܿ죬ֻұ𣬷·Ҫըѿһ㡣ͬʱҶΧĿռ侹ȻҲһֱ۴ֵĿռѷҶΪĳѸӣ˲ϢӵΧǧڡ
һĻǧɫ˲䣡
Ҷͣ½Ųһȭ


1106 Ѫ
Ҷ£˱ţȭͷǧ˹ȥ
һ̣Ҷȭͷ֮Ŀռֱӱ˺ѿΧĿռȴǲûбΪѾȫȭͷ֮ϣûйˣΧĿռ䲢ûܵʲôӰ졣
ǣǧͫȴȻ
һ̣ɫǰδеأ
£ѡ˱һȭǣˡΪΧǧڵڿţΪǰۣ
ðۣһʥһȭҽӣȥ˵ĲǧǧڣԼҲħ
ԣһȭӣ
ǧһĨ˫ֺʮɲǼ䣬һ˫֮͵ر
ǧɱƣ
ǧڳ쳹𣬽ţһתɫӡֶҶݺݺ˹ȥ
ɫӡʱһѹк£ѹѹĳʵϵ͵ǧڵӼ
һ˲
䣡
ը죬ʵĿռ˲̮ת˲ͱ޸һ̣ЩռȫѿɲǼ䣬ʵĿռ䶼鲼һӴֵѷ죬һ˲˵Ŀ֮УʵĿռ䡰䡱һٴα
ת˲ʿռ䱻޸֮ǰǰһռձ޸˲ٴιѿٴα
㷴ظĴκһƬʵĿռƽ
ʣҶǧС
˿ĿʱҶһѪˣǳѾ׹ѿرǰǹѵĳ̶ѾԼİ׹ǡǰҶҲ鲼ѺۣģֲҶұ۸ǿֲȻֻڣֻѾױѱΣ֣Ѿˡ
ǧڵ˶ûйҶǿǧ
ӱǧɱҶΪ˿һҲûУʱǧڵɫˡ
ΪʱҶǧĺ
ǧðۣһʥסˣ
ǧڵԴֱһƬհףĿʵҶǧ
ǧڸȻһʥסˣ
۷ơ˫޾⾳۽׽֮򡭡֮򡭡Ϊʥȴаʵ¹Ժһ⣬һҶ첻¹Ժ
һ£һװҶĶ档
ݼ
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ҶԣϦչأΪۣѾܹߡʵɲ⣬ǲǶ֡˵ţϦȥҶǵҪҶѿʱ˻ȥţ峺Һл˳
ҶȻƽȴһ벻ɡ
˵Ц
ҶЦһϦ뿪Ůˣɻ
أ
Ҷ͵ǧ˫۶ʱԲҶЦЦΪҲɱŮˣҪҪԣ
ɱҡ
˵ʲôҶͻȻ˷ĻҵĽ׽ߵѪܵҵɱɱ˶޾ɱ⣬вң磬ûҶ£
ɱǧ¹Ժս
ǰȻô˵ڣ¹Ժոշּңʵʷ˵ʱİ¹ԺȫвǧڵġˣŸ԰¹ԺвҶ
ս
ҶǷһĨЦ΢һ⽣ڳһţǧһֻұֱӷ˳ȥսͿսҰ¹ԺܣҲҪǧڣ
һĻһԵķɫ˲Ҫ֣ʱҶֵҶǧһλֻۡҪҶҾ͸ɱʥ۵Ҿúֵֵֵ
ֵ
Ȼֵ
Ҷ֪㣬Ҳ֪㣬ˣʹҲûж֡һۣǿһʯĸ߶ǧһۣպݽĻȨ
ҶΣȻߣ
㵱С𣿡
ҶǰȫˣȻߡ
㲻Ҫôߣ˫΢Уɱ֣ҪսҵģȻһ߲
ҶҪвңһöûڣֻҪѡһ뿪һֻҪһص¹Ժ룬ҪɱҰ¹ԺҲͬ⣻ڶڳ֣ɱɱҡ
˵һΣߣҪսҵģ
䣡
һѪͻȻҶڳѪ죬ɲǼ䣬ƬһƬѪ죬ҶҲɲǼ˲һѪˣͬʱ˫ҲѪʴ
ҶɫĿŷ𣬵ŮˣҲսҵġûˣǾʲô̸ˡ
˵ţһѪǧü䡣
ֻһ䣬òߣãӾɱ
Ҷڳ쳹
ɫ˼㣬һʥвһӵһΡ
ߣҾɱ˵
Ҷֱӷ𣬵һ
ֱҶû˵
Ҷ˫΢
û˵

Ҷ£ǱѪ˲תʱͻȻߣ
£ҶǱѪʱͣʱǱѪѾǧü磬һЩ߳ҲȲǧ
´α̽ңԼˣûʲôҲɱģ
Ҷ˵꣬ǧϦʧԶʡ
ҪǧǵĴ͵춼ǣҪǧͬУÿд󣬵һֻܵ洫ͣҪӱĵطֱӴ͵ǧǣֻǧͬſԡڣҪͳȥҲҪǧڴӦſԣҶԣϦ
ǸҲӦ𣿡
ҶЦһϦĴǧǵĴϡ
ϦߣҶ
һߣϦ
Ҷҡҡͷֻܹ뿪ȻǶ߲ˡ봫󣬶ԷȫֽţҪ֪۵ʵɲǻߣǿߣ˺ѿռǿץˣ׾ٵġ
ϦҶƬ̣ȻҪһˣ
ҶһʹһЦģߴ½ûܹɱңοһۣߣ͵
Ϧ΢΢ͷڳɣһһϡܿ죬һסϦʱǵȴͻȻʧ
ţһڳ𣺡ȻĪŮˣ˭Ĺӣ


1107 ۣ˲𰡣
ҶתͷȥֻϮһӰܿ죬һīɫ۵ӳ˳С
ǰһССġĪ֡
Ī죡
ϦߵҶԣ
Ҷһӣʮʥ߿ܳ˳Уʮʥ߿ܽϦ˵ǧΧ
ҶϦƺŮˣҪֱɱˡ
Ϧ΢΢ͷȻóһǧĺһ֣Ѫʱ
һ̣û˻ỳϦ᲻ɱǧ
Ҷ˿Լʱں޸£Ѿָ߷֣Ҳ˵ʱսѾָࡣ
ĪһҶһΣһ˸ĪŮˡò˵ֻܹǲ֪
Ī˵⣬ͻȻȻֹΪ·ҶͻȻǰţһ£
Īû뵽ҶͻȻ֣ɫ˲һһУţҶĽ͵бϡ

һĽڳ쳹𣬽ţҶǿ֮£ĪֱӱĳˣʱҶȴƹ֮˲ϣĪǰȻг͵һǰ̣
Īɫһ䣬мһ־֪ûС˿Ĵ⣬ӿ볤֮УҲ͵һ̣

һĶڳ쳹ĪеĽӦѣĪɫ䣬ʱҶеĽԼǰ
飡
һ죬Ī쳯˽ǧɣǰ¶һɫס
Ī컹δعҶٴγǰţһ֣һɨȥĪͫһûױθұһɨУͬ۶ϰһ䣬һ
ȻҶȴǷ·֪һ㣬һ֮Ҷ͵һĪĽŸ
ǲ
һͷڳ𣬽ţĪ˵˳ȥһ̣Ҷ˲ǰȻ˫Žٴһ̡
һ̣ٶȼ죬Ҷ˶һ㡣
飡
һըڳҶ˳ɡ
ԶǷ֪ʱĪǰ
Ҷе⽣ʱһΧ֣Ƿ˵ҶȴǿϦһֱֻҲˣ
ûԥϦ䣬ǧһֱֻ۶ʱ˿Ѫǧȴʼ治ɫ
һĻɫ˲Ҳɣ
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Īɫѿ㣬ʱͻȻҶͣҲеʶǣ֪֪ʲôǧĪң˵İ¹Ժİ¹Ժ㡣㣬㻹۰¹Ժѧף
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1108 ľǺݣľ
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1109 ôζ
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ȻҶȴǲֱ̱ȥѪ֧ţѾȥˡϣЩɫƤ˿Ѿʼѣͬʱϣطְ˽ȥرǰ󱳣ѾȫΡ
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ʱҶͻȻˡʱҶԭѾڿʼɫ
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1110 ݽˣ
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1111 ڣ
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ĪȻǷǳŭģϦҪȢŮˣȻԷȴһеˡ´ȥݵ˻οĪ죿رĪЩͷĪӵܣӵܣ
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˵ĿⶼۼҶϡ
˶û뵽ҶȻѵ֮ǰûпݽߣ֮ǰ㣬ֻΪԻˣ
뵽⣬ǧǷɫѿȻɫѿĻĪԭΪԳȸں󣬵ȴû뵽Լˡ
ʱзĪ뻹ڿҶʱеһĪļ¡Ҷȫһ࣬ȫѪ죬۾ﶼһƬѪɢɱ⣬ʹǣӣ
ɱ˶˲Ż
ĪҶ
ҶûɫʣֻѪһƬ˵ע£Ҷϵı֪Ҷڵֿɱ⡣
ãҶ۳һ˿һĻʱһͬʱһ˿𾪡ǷĪһ˿ء
ղŵҶѾȫɱʴΪһͷɱ¾ȻǿվֻǱɱū۵һܡǣֿܹɱ⣬ūɱ⣬ǾԵ÷ǳˡҶȻûȫǣֿסɱ⣡
һʥ˵Ѿǳǳֲˣ
ԣڣ㣬պ¹ԺҪˡҶĪϣ֮ɫ
вңĪ
Ҿв㣡ҶҪţڣ
ĪҴӲвӲĪɫҲҶҵҪҲɱ
壡
Īɫ䣬˵ĪͻȻŭ죬ΪĪӵܣҪܶĪҵӡ죬ҾҪҲɱ㡣˵ţһԵ룬Ī¹ԺͽĪҵˣ
ɫһʱȻĪڽֻ֣˼ĶԹҶɱĪ죬Ǹ˶Թɰ¹ԺĪҵĶԹ
ʱİ¹ԺεеùĪң
뿴Ҷ˵ҶȴͻȻԺĪ죬Īȥ𣿲ġĪңĪΪ̣޼ɵĶԸԼ¹ԺΪ׼ǲɱǣһɱǣ͵ҪĪΪСˣ޼ɵ۸ǣѹǣ
˵⣬Ҷ˶٣ֵǵãĿܲǺƽǵôߵ衣ңã˳ȥݵ˻ǰ¹Ժȥʱ˵ʯ¾ǰ׽۸ǣ
˫΢УΣ˫ۻҶ˵ģβ֪ʱǧڻĪңԶ˰¹ԺǿսԣɸӡҪǣҶ˵հ¹Ժܻ޾鷳
˶ϲ۸۸ģ
Σ뿪ڣԼɣ¹ԺĺܡȻѾҶȻѡסΪûѡˡҶȡƽ˵ⲻķôǰ¹Ժ˲佫Ļɢ
ңԺûŻ¹ԺֻҪһˣȥһԼӵȡƽ
ԣҶ൱ԾĹ
ʱҲãˡ԰¹ԺδãˣΪҶѧڣ԰¹Ժ˵鰡
УĻĪɫˡǷɫҲѿҶ֮ôţΪʲôΪ¹ԺšûҪɱҶַӵ飡
ڣ뾹ȻҪҶһ衣Ȼڵİ¹ԺʵҲСﰡ
ʱһԵҶͻȻĪҵλڣǹǲ
ĪɫޱѿҶãûܹвĪңĪҲвҶҡ

ʱĪͻȻһĲҽţɫ䡣Ҳͫ΢𾪡Եһ𾪣һ˿ɵ
·Щǧڵӣͬһ㣬һŴͣУ𾪻мɵ뾪֣
УĪ˵һ̣ҶͻȻѪĪĺͬľһѪͬˮĪһʼĪ컹ܹҽУǺܿ죬Ҳвˣ˫Բ鼸͹Ǿ֮ɫȫǾҳ鴤ţͬһ㣡
Ī˫ֽգɱʵʡ
ҶĪһɱ⣬ǳɱ⣬лһ˿ɵ
˲£µǲַˣ
ʣҶˣ
͡
ܿ죬ĪԴҶѪĪҶĪͷʱһӣĪͷĪǰ˵ҲңҸ㣬ˡ
ĪͷΣĪͻȻ̧ͷҶҰްŭҶ
£ĪһҶȥȻȴǵǰ
Īһŭ͵س֡
ȻԴУϳ֣˲ʧԭء
ҲûţĪֵһ̣Ҫ֣ȻɫͻȻ䣬ΪҶתһǧڳ˹ȥ
һ̣ǧеɫ䣡
Ҷңŭ
ھɱ㿴
ԶҶ
ţһѪɫֱӻգûǧڵȺ֮С


1112 ҪôᣬҪôѪ
͡
ʮǧڵӵֱӱնء
ܿ죬ҶɱǧȺ֮УʱҶȺҶ⾳ӳֵĽǰǧڵӸûеֿ֮ʱҲûеֿ֮֮ǰһĽĽѾǶҶη֮ġ
ʣôһɱ˭η壿
ˣҶɱȺ֮ʱǧڵӲûѡֿѡӣ
ĺʵֿܹҶģҶΪҶվֻһˣҴʱҶ廹ǾѾǳˡԣǧڵĺҪҶǳпܵġ
ǣʱǧڵӲûôˡ
һȺû˴죬ŵˣҶ˵вѾͣ
ɱȺ֮УϢϰ˾ֱӱҶնɱ
ǧڣһƬ
ôʯкܿǿ֯ȻҶչΧɱǣʱҶѾƲɵÿһѪɫʮ˵
Ҷߣ
ʱǧͻȻ˷
ʱķ˫ֽգɫĿ£ĿȺ֮еҶеɱ⼸ΪʵʡǧѾʧǿˣҶɱȥǧڵи߲ǿ߾ͻصĶȱˡ
Ҷߣ֮٣ٿԽĿǰΣ
Ⱥ֮УҶʱͣתǷ𣬵ߵ㣬ߵ㣬Ϊ˭Ҳ߾Ͳߣ߾ߣ䣬ҶһӣһնʮǧڵֱӱһΪ
Ҷǲ
ʱ
Ҷ˵ʱͻȻСӣŮߣ
ϦʱҲߣ
Ҷʱǲ̫ѣǷǳġǧȻû˰ۣǿǻ档һ潵٣ʱ˵Ҷ붼߲ˡȻ򲻵ѵʱǧڿ϶ỽġ
߽磬Ҫ۵ģ
Ϊһʥͻ棬ǧڶҲܲٺŭ𡣵ǣҶɱȥǧҲֻܻˡ
УϦĻҶжʱһЩãҶϦϦã˫ۻ
ãҶԽʱûԥһϦԣߣǧڣĿǾϦɱˡ֮ǰɱˣһΪԾȣΪ˱ƷߡڼƻѾóѣȥܾ͵òʧˣ
ڷǧڵ˵ע£ҶϦʷȥǧǹĻǰʱҶתͷ
Ҷţ
Ҷֱӷ𣬵ڷϻҾͲˣ
ҶƬ̣Ȼ󣡡
ŷ£ǹĻɢĻɢһ̣ҶϦһɢǧǡ
ǧ¹ԺսǧڵӴǧڵ¹Ժѧߣɱ⣡
Ҷ뿪һ̣ؽ쳹
䣡
ʣͻȻһţĪ˳СĪǣһĨʺ졣
㲻ҵĶ֣Ī뵭
ĪĨĨǵʺ죬ţĪҵĵ£Īһʧԭء
Ƭ̣ջĿ⿴𣬵¿ɷˣ
ˣ
Ц룬ڸ˵Ц𣿡
΢΢ͷǾɣ˵ţһԵСһֱǻص¹ԺΪֹȥĪҳϣ˳ȥݷðݷüλѡ˵ûˡ
ڵ֮ǺѣΪĻǧĪҺܿͻչʯıرĪңɲһʯǴ˲֪Ĺϼ壬ֻ̣ÿֲݡ
˵ڵİ¹Ժʹǰİ¹ԺҲԳʯ԰
˵ڰ¹Ժʱˡ
һ룬΢΢ͷȻһʧʡ
Ҳһʧʡ
У˫ֽգƬ֮ٴ𣺡ȫڣ

ǧ⡣
ؽһǡڤǡڳУдǱ뵽ܹ͵ؽ硣ҶУϦ
֮ǰǧڣ֪ҶԵʣǧڹΪеĴѾΪ촷ۡˣֻұķذؽ硣
Ҷ΢΢ͷϦָķȥ
ϦָҶǰѾѿƤ𣿡
ѾϰˣҶ
ԣϦ˲峺Һ塣
ҶͷϦĶͷⱲӣҪôѪҪôᡣѡѪѡ·ԣڶѪҲҪȥ
ǣѪΪǶϦ
ҵŮˣҲΪѪѵҪеΪѪҿɲӦҶЦЦȻɫҶһˣˡ˭ҶҵˣǺ˻ǻˣҶɱΪǣԵΣ
ô嶯
ϦԼҶؿڣֵϲ
Ů˵ܶŮ˵ϣΪǶȥӢۣħͷ
֮ܶŮں˰Ϊν»²ԼŮ˵ˣǱŮ˵ȻǸˣ޳ġ飬ֻС˵Լ
˶˽ģŮҲһرڰǰ
Ҷ§Ϧֽ֫˽ݵ
Ϊ˵ݵΪ֪ܿҪˡ
Ҷȫ֮£˺ܿǱڤǡĳһҪѣҶöϾʯ󣬽˱ڤǡ
ҪǽϦͻذ¹ԺֻлصϦܹʱİȫûжҶ˱ڤǵĴ̨
ҶϦվһɫȦڣʱһӿȫţ˵忪ʼ
ʱϵͻȻʧ
ţһҶϤͻȻ˳УҶü겻ˡ
ۣ
Ҷ˫۶ʱΪԷסϦ
߲ƣ


1113 оȰɣ
ҶתȥԶ֪ʱһˣȻʶ
˲Ǳˣǵߴ½ǳ½Ԫơ
Ҷ˰ɣ½ԪЦ
ôᣡҶȻǶԷԷɻǺϵڿ϶ˣԷڿڴ⡣
½ԪЦЦ뵱һôĺȥ㣬ȴֱɱһ鶼Ҳ֪ҶѾǵҶˡʥߣѾûвˡԣˡ
˵⣬½Ԫƶ˶٣ֵˡǸںػİۣʱϾ˼ˡ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿գɫ΢΢һĲֹһλۡΣ½Ԫƣ½б
Ȼ
½ԪƿҶҶҵĿģӦúңߣҾΪ㣬Ը⣬ǻԽˡǧԼĪңҲΪôҺг⣡
˵ҺĶ
ҶЦЦǣ½ҵ̻Լ̣㣬һлĻ𣿲ˣһɱľҡΪʲôΪɱңϾû֪ˣ˵Բԣ
½ԪƿҶΣȻҶ㾳ȻҲһףǣʵȴ˿ΪۣҲǰʥҺ֪ʱ㣬Ƿ統ǰ
ûѡ񣬲𣿡
ҶɿϦϦһҶȻ˵һԡ
ȷʵûѡ񡣼Ȼ㲻ԸԼԼȡ
½Ԫ£ѾʧԭأͬʱҶҲʧԭء
죡
һը죬Χռ˲ѿţҶ½Ԫ»صԭλʱҶǰѾѪȾ죬ѪǴǴȹѵġǣѪ˳
һԣϦɫ䣬ҪҶȥȴǱҶֹ
ˣˣ
½ԪƵˣܵĲᡣʱ㽻֣еʤ֮䡣
ǲսҶ
أ½ԪƵ
Ȼܣֺα᣿
Ҷ£˱ͬʱ˲ΪѪ죬ͬʱѪС˫ѪҶ½Ԫǰ͵һն£ǿֱõΧռѱ
½Ԫ˫΢Уֽճȭ˲䣬ֱֻ˲ͨ죬һ龭չһ̣½ԪһȭҶѪײһ
飡
ҶѪ½Ԫֱֻͬʱһһ̣½Ԫ͵һһɻֱ֮ϯ˲佫Ҷţ䳯ǰ̤һ͵سǻ֮еҶ˹ȥ
飡
һ죬Ҷ˳ȥ½ԪȻŹᣬҪϣʱǰҶĻͻȻȫʧţһѪɫڳһ½Ԫƶʱ˫Բ
ΪһѪǰ
ֻ벻֣Ϊ½ԪֱͨץסҶеѪ
ƣ
УҶŭţҶ˫Ѫ͵һ½Ԫ˶ʱĳˣͬʱҶеѪҲһһ½ԪƵ塣½Ԫɫȴƽޱȡ
վСˡʹ֮ȴǿս
½Ԫ£ץסҶѪ͵һ𣬶ʱҶѪһȻ˻һѪⱻ˵ɿ⡣
½Ԫ̤ջҶȥҶò˵Һ㡣Ȼλ棬츳ԼԣһҲݵŲҪǣ㹻ݣϣǳ㣬ͽνűȥˡ˵ģͦģü½ңҳɾͰҵ
˵⣬½Ԫ΢΢ҡͷϧӵҪĶ֪ԣʱ㣬Ѿݽߣ
ʱҶͻȻͶգ˻һɫⱩ
½Ԫ˫΢Уһ˿ǳ֮㾹Ȼǳ֮
£½Ԫ͵һĳʱһϯ˲佫û
ܿ죬һɫͽƬ˺ѿ顣ţһɫڳһֱ½Ԫơ
ٶȼ죡
½Ԫ˵Ȼ죬û޷Ӧĳ̶ȡƽĵסҶĽ⡣

һڳ쳹½Ԫֱֻ۾һ˸̤ճɡһ̣һɻ͵ӿ
죡
һ죬Ҷٴαĵɡ
½Ԫƿ˿ԼģʱѾ̳һ½Ԫ̧ͷҶҶ㵱ԽԽˡҼĵһܹʹܹʹǳ֮ˣܹڹ棬ҲͻǸԵʰɣ
˵½Ԫ֮дһ˿˷ȡ
ûҶ˵½ԪֵѾȲҪ˵еˣ
½Ԫ£Ҫ֣ʱҶǰĿռһţҶǰͬʱҲԡ
½ԪԣҲһߡ
ڸˣ룬ʱһ֮ǰס֪鲻æ֪ͨ롣ã˻
룬½Ԫɫ˲
½ҵˣ
뿴½Ԫƣɫ
ԺĪҶ£Ӧò½Ұɣ½ԪƵ
벻ף½ΪҪҰ¹Ժѧ֡ǧڣĪңҸо
½ԪƵԺòˡ֣ΪһЩԹȻԺˣԹֻԺˡҶԺ´ڼţǰ¹ԺĿǰĴǺܿͻģ
½Ԫ˵꣬Եĺֱʧԭء
˫ȭգɫޱȵһԵɫҲЩʱ¹ԺĴ˵ǾҲΪ
Σ΢΢ҡͷСˣ
˵ţתҶתҶʱԶҶȴֱֱȥɫһ䣬һҶҶ˿Ҷϵʱ˶ʱһ
⣬СӣоȰɣ룬֮г˲š


1114 Ϸոտʼ
Ҷصʲô̶ȣ
ʱҶѾˡϵѷѾѵһַǳ˵ĳ̶ȣرǰнֱ۴֣Ǳ˿ƶһ㣬ɱ¾֮Ķܹ
˵ҶǸ˵ġ
ƫƫкš
Ҷ֮صˣҲǷǳġǧǧһսѾˣǧڣɱһɶ־ܹǧڴɱɱʱѾϼˣһһǳصĵز
˵Ǻڲϸ޸ǧ͸ˡΪк޸ս
ǣղ½ԪһսһսһݣҲܲסˡ
Ȼ޸Ҳסôݲ͸֧Լ壬˵½Ԫˡ
ҶɫޱȣߣȻԺ
¹Ժ
һ֮УֻˣڵϵҶ룬Ϧ
һ𣿡͸̶ֳ֧ȣȻܹһ۽֡һ̥
ղȥһ㣬ֱӱѿ
˵ͷȻ룬¹ԺǸҲǻ
΢΢ͷȻ֪˼ȻҶǱʵҶǱʵ𣿲˵Ӧ˵ǿֲ԰ʥʵɱۣһǧɱ˸췭ظʵη
֮⣬ҶҲǼΪֲԶһ׵׽ܹסԣǺεȵĿֲ
˵δҶעǲƽģ֮ϵЩһ
ǣͬʱҲǻ˵ģҶż¹Ժû죬¹ԺѾʯΪˣǸ½ңǾˡ
һŪã·ԺͿܻˡ
ãһҰ¹ԺѾѡˡӮ¹Ժˣ䣬¹Ժ
һ룬һ˿ɫ̫࣬¹ԺҲģСӺú÷û׼ܹתȻһӶȥ¹Ժȱ
ЦЦ˵ЩˣҿСˣ
˵ţߵҶǰҶʱжһ˿졣ΪҶ徹ȻڻָţǻָٶȻǳ졣ǳص⣬ܶСѾ׻ָ
⡭
жž֮ɫǿϦ
ϦȻ֪Ϊʲô֪ҶڵǶܱ¶ˡˣ΢΢Ȼܸйأ
ʣ
΢΢һȻ鿴һҶʣΣһϦƺʲôҲ׷⡣
費ҪǸŪʲô˵Ķʡ
Ϧ΢΢ҡͷǰܶصˣԶ޸ԣֻҪʱͿˡʱʲô⣬֪ͨǣΣ
뿴һϦȻ˵ͷúչ֪ͨǣ
˵ţת뿪ҡ
ߺϦҶǰҶϵЩ˿ڣϦˮ˳ģͷʼɫһᣬͷɫ˰ɫ
¹Ժ
֮Уֻˣʿӡ
мžЩѹ֡ء
ã뿴ʿӣ˵˵ɣ
ʿ΢΢ͷȻǧѾҰ¹ԺսĪҲҰ¹Ժս֮⣬ǧڵһЩӹԼĪҵһЩӹ׷ǿսУյ鱨Χ˼˷ɵӰҲ˵ο϶һţ
ǵ˰һһ̣·ࡣ
ȷʵֹۣʿ˵⣬˶٣ֵǺֹۣܲ
˵ͷȻȥĵӣĵӣϻԺУؽ绤ڴԺڵϾʯȫַѧţѧȥѡ
Ļʿɫһ䣬Ѿصزˣ
ĻҪأ
УسڵЩʥϵǿȫټһӣʱԺǿߣ߼ʥȫڰسڴѧرЩϻԼ󷨵ѧǼӽϻ󷨣ʱ׼ս
ʿһɫޱȡ֪¹Ժʱˡ
ʿӣһˣöʵǿġڳѲߣҾߣʲôСģֱɱ⡣
ʿӵ˵ͷȻת˳ȥ
ʿߺϣþ
֮ǰȥǼѣǲ
ûȥ
Ϊʲô
΢΢ҡͷǼϼһԼţԼļ壬ǣںǰ
ΣȻôˣ㻹뵱һϲΪ롣
תͷҲ߰ɣ
һɢޣûţҲû۱ˣ룬ЦôƯЩˡ¹ԺӦûȱϻ߸Ժʲôģ㿴ҿɺʣ
Ǻαأ
֪ʲô𣿡ľѶϣΪǡʱԼΪΪԷãʵǶԷҪġԷҪģһѣһѣף
뿴ãеỨʱ΢΢һʹΣЦұ֤ԺҲˡһһ
ԣǶʱһĨЦݡ
κĲЩҪ֪Īǧͬʱ֣ʹлڴڣǿҲ֧Ų˶á
ҡҡͷǵĽ飬ǿ϶ǣҲܺǡǶǹһˣҿ϶֪ͨǡǣǶк֮ǵġǣẦǺܶ˵ģ
һ룬Ȼ˵ͷȰ˵
ˣ˽
ʱʿͻȻ˴ڣˣߣ
˵꣬ʿһʧԭء
Ҳͬʱʧ˴С
سǳǽ֮ϣɫѿ
ǳǽ֮£߹ײģ棬ˣȫǰ¹ԺѧǵϣһѪ֣
Ϸոտʼ


1115 ѳ죡
ǽ⣬ÿһᶼһײģײڣǰ¹ԺѧЩѧеֻһֻ֣еֻһԴеĸֻһ̯ࡣ֪֮Ƕǰ¹ԺѧΪײڣЩѧ¹Ժı־
ײԽԽ࣬һӣΪѾʮһڲš
ѧ
ǽ֮ϣʿӦöڸϻʱ˽ɱˡǧĪҪɱҰ¹Ժ
жѧ棿ʡ
Լǧʿӳ
΢΢ͷȥӦǣ
£һʧ˳ǽ֮ϡǻʮϢֻص˳ǽ֮ϣʱɫޱ
ôˣæʡ
̧ͷسʣһĪҰȻۣҪɱҰ¹Ժ˵ӿ֡
ۣ
ԣʿɫ䣬棬ζʲôζŰ¹Ժ뱻Ϊʱ¹ԺֻۡʹǣҲ޷ʲôҲ˵¹ԺЩѧܶҪȫˣ
Ҫȸʿӳ
İ¹ԺѧȱϻԺҸǣԺκʱ򶼲ǡУؽ磬Ӵ˿𣬰¹Ժһս״̬
ʿӵ˵ͷȻתȥ
Ǳ취ѧӻ
ǿֹۣܲ
۽΢ΣɫصĪҪǰ¹ԺĪңǧڣзɵ˿϶ҲѾڰпӡ˵⣬룬ٻ¹ԺϽǿ߽٣
ҡҡͷĴ̫󡣶ңҲ޼¡ΪĪǧǣҲȱǿߡ˵ףǵĴڣֻܱ֤ǲ׸𣬵ǣģҪԼϧǣʱǣ̫˰
Ҫʡ
취ѧӻ
˵⣬ذؽ磬ȥĻԼ̸̸
ȥ
΢΢ҡͷóȥԡ
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Ϊʱİس⣬ײѾﵽپߣ


1117 󣬿ţ
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1118 ѪծȻҪѪ
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1119 ռһ˲ɱ
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ϳĬãȻˣ
Ҷһۣں𣿡
۽΢ҶȻҶȴѾתͷˡֱ˿̣һ㡣Ǿǣǣ¹ԺЩѧʵҶһġ
ҶĶǸ߼ʥߣǰۣ
һεˡ˵򵥵㣬ǵ뷨Ҷ˵һ㶼ҪΪǶҶ첻в
ղŵľԵҶ˵Ҫɱļ򵥣
ϿЦЦҲ
ʱһһȥԽԽİ¹ԺѧϵϷ⣬ʱϷǣѾһǧ¹Ժѧ
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˵ĿⶼڿԶͷΪ˰·ȥЩˣʣûˡ
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ڶ˰
ʱһͻȻ
ɫ䣬̧ͷʣʣ֪ʱһߣнһʮߣȫǸ߼ʥߣ
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1127 ɣϲɣ
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Ҷֵһ̣˫۾΢һ˿أҴ⣬΢һɫϡһ̣һŭȣ漴˫·͵ؾһ

һ̶ĽཻʺȻ쳹Ǵ̶쳹ʵĿռɲǼѿһϸСѷʡܿ죬Щѷͱ޸˶û棬޸
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΢΢һɣеǸ˲仯Ϊһ촷ڿɢһĻڻЩɫ䡣
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΢΢ҡͷʵʵƣҶ֪һԵˣȻǣӦаգ
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˵һҪأľԵ
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ҶľԵɫ˷һ㣬ޱѿ


1128 Ȼ뿪
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£Ҷν͵һնһգʧʾͷ

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Ҷˣת߽˰ᣬͬʱ԰ڴͷǰǧ硣
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Ҷۿϣصȥ¹Ժ𣿡
Ϊʲôزȥϲ⣺ƽڣȫԵġ
Ҷҡҡͷڰس棬ءղЩǿߣ϶Ѿϻذسǡǻȥ˳ǣҲû취ǡۣȫ˲ͻǣ
ȥǧʲôϵϲ⡣
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1129 ϴǧڣ
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ڰسǱ˶ţҪصУܡҶʱѡȥǧڣȻȥ͵ġ
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ҶΨһһ۶ǰسǣЩ߼ʥҲвǰس⣬ԣҹƣڵĸ߼ʥԺ٣ᳬʮȻǲȥڣûǸʵҲûǸʱ䣬ҪǶɱˣţȻ˳ӵǰ¹Ժʿ
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Ҷڰسǣλϣǻȥ˳𣿽ˣʹ˳ǣʲôʲôˡǴսʼȥڻҡǣ棬ǿܶ飬͵Ϯǧڣ
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Ҷ˵Щûб˼ֻ㣬ԺңҾ;Ժ˲ңҲˣ˵ĵԭڵǣԼˣԣǲģҾͲǡ
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Ҷһӣʮ߼ʥ߳˳УЩᱣǡ
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У֪˭һ䣬ʱа¹Ժѧ
һѪɫ£ʣֱǧڡ


1130 Ѫսǧڣ
Ϊ͵ϮˣҶ˷ǳ˳ͽǧ磬ֱԽǧǣǧڡ
Ҫɱǧʱһ޴Ļ˲סǧڡ
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1133 ˣͬ
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1134 ˲
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ĪҲɵû㹻棬ôȥԼ飿
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ҶһĪϹգȻһӣһ¿һɱ˳СͻȻһ߼ʥߣа¹Ժѧѹʱࡣ
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ڼϱʱһԵɫ˲䣬㣬ǵҹ磡
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1135 ߽٣
ǰʮǿߣصģΪǰʮǿߣͣ磬ǰ
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Ϊ˵ûеߵ磬Ѿûʲôвһûв磬ڽһˣʵﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬾ͻѡ뿪Ȼǰ
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߽֣Ѿܷˣ
Ҫ֪ҹ磬һ߼ʥ߶Ѱ
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ҹһϮɫۣۺ󣬻мɫ磻עĿͷҲǰɫģȻҵĿⶼûͷϣ۴ƮڣһȻǶϱۣ
Ҳ˶ĵطΪﵽʥ֮󣬾Ѿܹ֫ǣҹȴһֱǶϱۡ
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Զ֮Ƿ㶣ȻɫޱѿԷһ㡣


1136 죬ɣ
֮ɫѿΪ֣֮ɫףΣղر󣬱ϾѾǰˡ
ǣ벻׵֮ΪʲôҪ
ʣûɹʲô鰡
룬΢΢һ裬еһɫ˿ʱӭǵɫס
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Ȼôģ赲췣
ܿ죬Ҷˡ֮ǰһķǳ֮ʱ϶ʶ֮ҲӽȥˡȻ϶Ϊ֮Ҳǣ˭Ϊ֮ۻȥһʥأ
뵽⣬ҶǷһĨЦݣԱ΢΢һЩȴû̫ԶҲûгû͵ϮΪڲʣȻڶԿۣ֮Ҷ֪Էʱʱ̿ڽ䱸
ԱߵĪ˴ʱϢҲϣֻҪ֣϶üλ۶
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һĻϹɫһ䣬ۣ֮ŭ㷢ʲô谡ȻŭɲҴ⣬̧һƳɳһƶʱֶǵɫ׺˹ȥ
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ΪĪңǧڣɣǿǵΪ춼ȥˡ죬ڲͶС𣡡

Ҳۣ֮дһ˿ɻѵ֮ԼԺģ
ЩĪһǧԼɵǿУ𾪻һ˿ɵΪǿɲң
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1137 е
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ѵԼ˵ΪΪΪ첻ݣ
ʱǾЩĵͷ
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Ϊ¹Ժʲôʲô㣡֮ôΪԳ棬췣ⲻȫ
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ʱһԵҶͻȻʹ˸ɫ΢΢һ漴׹·Ըȥð¹ԺϾʯָȻеûһ׸ĺá
ҶջĿ⣬ȻͻȻָĪǧڻзɵЩǿߣŭȵûǵΪ죬ѾΪ첻ݡڣǸϽͶһǶԿӦ֪ʲô
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һԵĪ׹Īм۵ֱ˼ھѪ


1138 Ҷİ֣
Ī˴ʱǸޣֱ޷ݣ
ʼգ֮ԵĶҶǡΪҶܽˣֱӱǺɫ֣ǴΪ֮ԵǣȻغɫסȻĽǨŭۣ֮֮ԣ
һ̣ȻҲΪʲôҶָ˭֮۾˭ˡָ˭˭ߵģ֮۾ͻ
Ҫ֪֮۱ԵҶȴأ֮ۿȻǰˡң췣ۣ֮Ȼ֡Ҳ˵ʼգԼҶ췣
뵽㣬ĪϹյȰɫֱͬʮһѿ

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Ҷûйۣ֮ǿһԵĵƽϵϣȻѪָԶĪҰۣҺ䣬Ҫĺ䣬˵ϾʯóҺݺݵغ䣬ʱϾʯԺ
˵ţҶһ룬ͷܲסλ
̧ͷһĪ棬ȻסҲҪ˵ţ𣬳Ī汩ȥ
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ʱһԵĪͻȻŭȵŮˣ˭Ϸûı⣬ҹȻϷ

ĪһһŭȣŮеĺͻȻ˶һĻŮæĴ꣬˺һᣬְ˯ȥ
ʱŮͻȻ̧ͷĪ죬УһƬ䡣
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Ī뵽ʲôɫ˲ҰףָŮ㣬ڤ¡


1139 սǲս
ڤ
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1140 Ů
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1141 ɫ׳
½ңĻңҵǿȫס
Ȼ׷׳֣ȻǾǣʹ֣ȻҲûܹƵסǵĽ磡
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ҽ쳹
һԣϹǷһĻǾ֮ɫΪҶ˵ҪĿĪҵˣˣǱȽСǱ֣ǣڼҵ˱ĪҰ۱ɱʱҲûгֵͷˡ
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ʱһͻȻһҽæȥֻһɫһĪҰüһ
ĪҰ˫Բһᣬɫʡ
ڣֻʣĪĪ졣
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Īһ˫ۻգһ̣Ī˫۶Ȼûڷϻ˵Ŀ֮УĪ渹ԼٶͬʱΧ˲
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ҶȻҲ֪һ㣬Ҫ֣ȴڤŮֹҶ⿴ڤŮߵ
ڶڤŮΣҶ΢΢ͷûг֡Ȼ֪ڤŮΪβ֣֪Է϶ģ˵а취ӦԶԷԱ
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ʱԶĪͻȻЦţֱӱѿձѣһֲ˷籩ͶȻɢ˲Ϣɢɿ⡣ɫ䣬˳ȥ
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ʱһԵҶͻȻʧԭأԶĪɫ䣬һ̣ҶѾ󣬶Ī˫Բһᣬ˫ɫʡ
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ʱסҵЩͻȻʧˡǣûһ˸Ҷ֣Ҳû˸ߡ
ʱҶͻȻĻңĻҵ˶ʱɫ΢䡣Ϊ׵ɫƽû˿Ĳ
һˣĻҿһаˣҶûĻϽ飬ĻȼԱʱǰˡĻûˣǰĻĻҾûҪˣ
ҶĻĻҵɫ䣬Ϊ׵дɻ󣬻һ˿˭Щ
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ʶһʶ½磬½磬ԲԣЩ״Ρ
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1142 Ҫңұն죡
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1143 Ѫ
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1144 ʵҲ
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1146 
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1147 ֮
ҶǰԶһֻò绢СȫɫͷɫǣһԺɫޡ
ޣȻǵСŮַӡ棡
һ̣ʵǰʮɫͱˡѿءȻǲ֪ǰֻ﾿Ǹʲô⣬ǣܸǣΣգǳΣգ
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Ϊ𵱳Ҫǿ̫࣡ղŶԷһ޺õ㾫ҪǣԷһֱж֮Լϵ
Ѫ棬Ҷס˽潣ڵǳ֮ʼת
֮ԸҽΪԼʵ֮⣬һԭǾػ߿϶档
ͬһط
ңһﻹΪƬĲ죬ƬŹ϶ҲŹƬ
µûһֳ̣һۣ֮ң֮۱֮ǰҪ󡣶ڳһ̣ȿĲ̧ͷʵ֮ۡ
ҶһɣԷԱ߼©
ȻʱȴͻȻջĿ⿴ҶƤһֻս
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1148 ֹ꣡
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1149 ˵ö֮
컭ꪣ
ڵŮУһɫ컭ꪣͨѩףԼһ壬Լָ֮ꪸϣһͷſľޣģҪ˶ɡ
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Ϊ֣ʹԼնνǰҲһΣĸܵԼС
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籩ϮľɫŮޱ飬óһɫ˿ȻƵԼԺ󣬽Լ糤ЩɫͷϿʱŮͻȻսз컭ꪣȻ͵¶һ
ٽ磡
һԣҶͫһ
ͣ
һ絶Ƭƥڳ𣬽ţЩɫ˲ɢͬʱƬǿҲɲǼ֧飬˲Ϣ󣬳һлָ
ʣ߿ŵŮɫǰδء
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ʱ֮
һĻҶµͻȻصͬʱʵɫѿ
ʱ֮Ҷ⡣
Ůˡǿ
صղʱ֮ڵٶȺֻǿʵٶѾ쵽һԿĳ̶ȡϲɫʱ֮ԣԵŮٶȣ
ʱʵĵŮͬʱʧˡ
ͷˣ
ܿǣҶʡ
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۷ʱڣֶҶ֡˵⣬˶٣Ȼʵܸⷽ綼ܸӡֱװ¡ԣƬܸӡ
ԣҶɫһ䣬㣬֪
֪һ㣡
ôҶ⣬εȵ죬˵棬ţ¶书ЧƬǺӵǿ߶Ҫ
Ҳ浭
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ѾΪҲ˵λĵͳߡ˵⣬֮дһ˿ɵȻ˵ˡ
λ˭Ҷæʡںʵ֪Ҳ٣Сгֹİ׷ߵݣ֪˵ġӦþǰ׷ߡ
ָˣͻȻ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣漴ˡ
ԣƤһ̲סˡҶղܵ˿ڣҶѾָ˲ɡָ˵Ļָ
һȻ̧ͷʵİˣָɵǣΣ
ҶǰˣǷһĨЦ⣡ʩչǰνˡָӣΣ
һ˲˵ͷ
ͷҶ΢һ⽣У⽣üģΪת
ʣҶĿǰʱߵɫ΢䣬Ҫ֣ʱͻȻһʧԭأٴγʱѾɿ⡣
УͫȻһ彩Ӳšܿ죬ɫʻɢţԴһᣬʣ
һɱߣ
Աߣߴ󺧣
ռһ˲ɱ
ҶûʩչնνǿǺ֢ʵ̫ǿңڵʩչ϶Ҫꡣˣʩչռһ˲ɱһεһ˲ɱκһζҪǿ
Ϊһγٶиּӳ⣬ٶȣ
һߣ
Ҷ濴ߣߴ󺧣Ҫ֣ʱҶֻһʧԭء
ͣ
һԴ˲׷ɳȥ
Ҫ壬Ҷȴæֹ˶ԷȻﵽ侳ҲƵʩչһ˲ɱ
նɱߺѾļޡ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱʧĵŮֳʡŮվԭȵλãһϮȹһ˳ȾҲվԭλãǣ˫ȴǲˡ
һĻҶжʱһɣʱŮȴһĨʺ졣Ҷɫһ䣬Ůˣ
ʣŵŮ㣬˭
Ůз컭ֱָһԵҶ˵ţ
ˣ˵ö֮㻤ˣҲõ
ƾ㣿Ůƽȴ͸һɼ
ڼأʱһ𣬽ţʮһ߳Ͽա
ʮһߣޱߣһʮߣ
߿һޱߣ壬û뵽ֶ˷ˣ
ޱ߿˶ԷһۣҪȥԣ
Ŀ⿴ŮΣǣȻ㷸ĹأǾ㲻á

ʱѿ֮⣬ͻȻһŭ
ŭޱɫʱһ䣬תͷʡ
Ůʱ۽΢Ȼ˫ۻ
ܿ죬һɫףֳֻɫǹʮ׵ӳʡ
ʮһߣ
Ǻޱߵɫʱޱ
رΪֳֺɫǹӣϢ˵ǳǿֲĴڣ
ֳֻɫǹֱӺޱߣһ˵ŮǰȻ˾Ŀ֮УŵŮϥ£ٲ׼С㣡
С㣡
ʮ׵ĵҲæϥȥͷ
ˣ


1150 Ů
˶ľҶ
û뵽Ůʵǿ󣬶ҿӣҲһ㡣ǹڵŮǰˣʵǵ֮ϵǿߡ
һǿߣȻԵŮ˹£
Ůʲô
Ҷг˺档
ʵޱڼһĻʱɫʱ
Ůû˵˫΢š
׵һֱţ
Щء
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ĸܵ㣬еѰС㡣׹
ԣŮ΢΢һΣֵǻûиı⣬԰ɣ
ԥ£ȻС㣬ˡ¶ԣĸҲΣٴУѾʧȥʮ磬ûǿ¡˵⣬û˵ȥ
ˣ
ŮͻȻ۾еķ컭ꪣǸƾһѷ컭ꪴʮսĺûˡ˵⣬Ů֮дһ˿ʣһ˿Ρ
ûҽӻ
Ůеķ컭ꪣֵｻңҲҪûս񡯳ƺšΪƺţҴӲ˿иҲδô˳ƺűûȻȴҪһս񡯷ȥķʽĵ۹
˵⣬ŮͻȻתͷҶ֪ʲô𣿡
Ҷ
ĿҲҶдһ˿ɻ
ŮҶ츳֮Уֻһ㡣ǻۣܶʱֻݡǣϣһȴǺܶ츳ʮǻ۱ʮ˶ûС
˵⣬ŮأǾǡ䡯ԶǿĵˣδҲδ¹ֻҪĵˣ͸Ұνܶˣ㡣ܶʱңųսĸסĳ̶ֳ˵ˣ
ŮĻ˫۶ʱ΢
Ůô䣬ҶʱЩ˼ˡǫ鼸䣬ʱŮֵǣˣעǻõġܹڣʵѾһ漣
Ҷ
СŮޣ⻰˵ˣʱͻȻ
Ů档
ܹڣǿ漣顣ҸСҲһʱ䣬˵֮ǰҲܹڣһ漣ǣҷ֣ʵȻСӣȻѪȣɱ飬ǣȴ顣ҲΪˣܹ˾ãΪйڵ㣬֮԰϶ֻΪǷԸɣ
ŮĬвֳ˵һЩ顭
ĬƬ̣ŮͻȻһӣɲǼ䣬гһãΪһƬǿ磬ǳգˡ
УֻҶ
ŮһҶȻ建֮УĿͶǺӡ
Ҷԥһ£Ȼߵ˵Ůԣߡ
˵ʲôҶȴ˳Ĭ
ŮƬǿգƬһٶС硣ЩС磬ȫҼƿءЩ磬ҸһִģǸʱΪս޵еĴڡܿ죬ͳһ
ǣһǿУǿкǿҸ׵һγԵʧܵζ򼸺δܹս񣬵һΰһϡţڽڰˣʧʮС硣
˵⣬ŮͻȻƫͷҶ֪ҵô𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ
ŮҸȥ֮Դ˻İûдӦҸ׸ҵֹǰȥսǸҸ׵ˣ֤ҿԱ򡣽Ҳˣʧˡ䣬֮࣡
ҶͻȻס˵Ů֣ŮҶûѣֻš
Ҷʲôߣڣ԰ɣ
ǣŮ
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ȻǹȴԽԽˣ
ܿ죬ͬߵɫ˳ŵŮֱֱûҶڡɫҶһɲǣҶ˫۶ȻԲ鼸ۿţ˲Ťһֱ̣˹ȥ
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ŮҶΣȻ̧ͷƬǿգ֪Ƭǿ֮⣬ǿգ֮޾ףҲкܶסܴ֮ǺС
˵⣬ŮͷҶһȥֻ·һսϣ·


1151 ȷ
ҪҶϵ
ŮҶãţóһöָָʰɫӡһҰͷ­ͷ­м䣬һССġս֡ŮָҶʳָϣڣȻ˵һղ˵Ļ꣬ͲˡΪʱһжûˡף
Ը֣һҶֱӵŮ
ױδȻŮ
ңҶ
Ů̧ͷʣƬһΪػ˵ƿأƿʮ硣ʵ޷ԿǡԣҾ͵Ƭ֮Ƭֻһ磬һ磬ΪѾٿݽߡңûûΪʯ˿κ£һ˳˵磡
ûѡ񣬶𣿡Ҷ
ȹ̺ɿԼʵΪûʹֱͻƵߣҲ㡣ڱ粻У˽磬ڽʥߣ١ʵʹ۷ʱڵңҲ޷⡣
ŮҪǣһôȡ
Ҷʡ
ǺӽͼŮ
ǺӽͼҶü
Ů΢΢ͷһλԶŴܹǿ棬һ߶ǳ֮ΪһýΪԻȥһƬҪǣս򡣡
ս򣡡
ҶͫһȻŮиҪսҪ򡣵ǣôһŵûУûҪչظ꣬Ҳܹʲôǣûʱ䣡
ŮͷΪҪ߶ҪԽΪ֮ϣн֮š
Ĭһ˲ҶǶȷλ𣿡
Ů΢΢ҡͷ
Ҷ
Ůʵйϵ
йϵҶס
Ůɷ񻹼ǵ컯
Ҷ˵ͷȻ
ŮʱһСżһɫֳַۣİ׷ߡƺѰʲôˣҵɶԷȴҴˡ˵ʶԵȻһ컯ҽһʱ䡣ǿ컯ҵռ䣬Ȼɳ컯
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Ҷü˼һᣬͻȻ۾Բ
ҶеǸȻǺֹǸͷǸСͬһطͷ
ŮʱĵϣһССҪˣһԭǾϣͨѰҪ֮ˡû뵽ѾΪ
ҶĬΣȻ֪ʵжǿ
ǿ
ŮֱҶɫ棬֪е磬൱һٸôУǿһЩǿ߲֪ԭλߣȻǸǸЩǿȫɱǸ磬ֱӱС磬ݽߣ֮ϣ˿ɳֻһƷ
Ҷ
ΣҶǺӽͼʲôϵ
ǸеǿߣһޣԵʱʩչǺӽͼ˾ǳ֮ΪĽǣʧˡǿҲˡǺӽͼȴ򡣡Ů
ҶĬΣȻպҪ㣿
ʵȻ֪ʵ֪Ҳ壡
Ů˵꣬һӣгһãܿ죬Χһлָ
˵ͻȻĿⶸȻҶָϵöָöָʱɫ䣬ŭ㡭
˵⣬ȻֹΪŮҸģ
΢΢һ漴ɫѿС㣬εºܣǡ
ʲôҪͬ⣿Ů
ңæͷ
ŮջĿ⣬һԵ棬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ҿһ
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Ů̧ͷʵĺߣ뿪˽磬£ʹ˽ᣬΣ
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꣡
ŮЩ˻뿪ûУɱǷǴã
߳ãȻɣ
ŮתͷҶ˵Щ̣ǣ㡮䡯ҪĴۡס㲻߹ийϵˣҪ
˵꣬˫ٴ΢΢̧ɲǼ䣬ҶΧĿռ˲Ҳһ̣һһֱʧԭء

𣡡
֪ӺδҶĲҽ
С㣬ǿ³ܲסյ
ˡ



1152 Դûɣ
֪˶ãҶ۾
ۣƣһƬɣǻɵƲڣʱ绮һһ
е㲻һ
ҶջĿ⣬Ȼٴγ˯˹ȥ
㣬һˣϧŰʥ
һԴЩϧڳ
ܿ죬ŮڵϵҶǰΪ׵ŮӴԼʮ꣬һɫСףİ͹£ȴһֳİ̺ۣ̺һС򼣬ȥΪֲ
̺ŮĿҶϴƬ̣ͻȻĿҶָϵĽָϣһУöָʱɵС
ɽʯ𣿡ڰ̺ŮԣһŮæʡ
̺Ů΢΢ҡͷȻóһذǽָһ

һ̺Ůеذ׶ʱѳƬ
ö
̺ŮԵһƤŮӿһĻ۾ʱһҪ֪ذ׿Ʒ
ǰ̺ŮҲһĨ죬нָһᣬȻţĿҶϡ
ôã̺ŮԣƤŮӵ
ɱˣ
̺Ů˵꣬תȥ
ҶԣһŮǷһĨЦذ͵سҶ˹ȥ

ŮذֱӶѣŮҲĳʮ
Ůͣ˽ŲתҶΧļŮһдһ˿졣
㣬һޡŮԣƤŮӵǿ԰
Ů΢΢Ȼ˵ͷ漴תʧԭء

֪˶ãҶ۾Ĭһ˲Ŀɨһܣʱһ㶣ΪԼȻһ
Ҷûȥæ鿴ԼƣΣҶʱһãֻˣġ
ܿ죬ҶüͷΪ֣Լһ˿ûУҪǣԼΧûԣûǳϡϡûеĵزˡ
һ˲Ҷæ˫΢գǳ֮һᣬҶ۾ɫЩѿ
Ϊǳ֮Ȼ޷
ûûǳ֮޷Си޸塣ڵǲѺۡ
ںյʱʵڻҪأʱڻеˣСе޸£ƻָһЩڣѾùˡ
ʱҶɫٴһ䣬͵صͷԼ֣ʳָϵĽָѾӰ
ָ
ҶɫǵŮ͸ĽָȻ֪ʲô壬ǣ׵̬У֪öָ϶ҪҪǣǵŮ͸ģ
ҶŬԼ侲ҪĿǽԼƻָ
ûǳ֮գǾֻһ취ǾʯϧװʯĽָںʱֱӻˡ
棡
ҶͻȻ뵽棬æͷԼǰǰһٻûһӦ
ҶɫԽٻ飬ͬûлӦ
˰
ҶɿЦһΣһûˡ
ʱһƤŮ˽ŮֻһƤಿλȫ¶ڿ֮У͸һҰԵջò˵ÿҲѿ
߼ʥߣ
ҶЩȣŮôѾǸ߼ʥߣôģطٵĿ
ƤŮӴһҶȻ˭
ǵˣҶʧȥڣҲ򵥵ġ
ƤŮӴҶƺڿû˵ѡ
ʱҶЩ㣬㲻ɱҰɣ
ҶĻƤŮǷһĨЦݣᣬΪһöƷʯ
ҶһգգۣңһöƷʯ
ǰ
ƤŮóһɫĲݷҶǰܶϲޣȻƳɿܡھʯһЩŮҲϲޣΪǿԲϧʵ̫ˡȻ϶ܹһõļǮˣݸϽˣӦܹ˻ָ˵㣬ƷʯûҪ
Ҷ
ƤŮ˵ҪߣʱҶͻȻǸܲܽһϾʯһϾʯܹԼ˻ָһЩˡڵûɶ
ҶĻƤŮתҶţҶЩëŵϾʯҽϾʯ
ҶһƤŮӣģһỹģ
ƤߵҶǰ¿ҶȻ֪һöϾʯڶٳƷʯ𣿡
һöҶȻǵá
һ򣿡
ƤŮҶԴԴû㣡


1153 ʵһ㲻ɱ˵ģ
ôˣҶ⡣
ϾʯȻޱȣǣҲֵһƷʯһöϾʯڲʮöƷʯƤŮӵ
Ҷ΢΢üܿ죬ˡӦĲһ
ƤŮֵ㣬һöƷʯһöϾʯ൱ʮ㡣ʮ㶼ֵһöϾʯ㻹ҽϾʯ㲡Ŀɲᡣ˵ˣһöϾʯҪʡԼúü׬ôܽ㣿һҪͻưأ
Ҷ
ѲݳˣҪǲϽãɱġɲûмֵķˣ
ƤŮ˵꣬ת˳ȥ
ҶеĲݣЩ⵽һʲô磿Ͼʯ볬ƷʯȻ̶ֳȣ
ʱƤŮͻȻ˽Ȼߣ
ҪңҶ
飡
ƤŮҶԴһ£ˡҷ֣е㲻أ㱻ץҪҷ֣һҲģҲ¡
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ޱôƯôôܻô̵飿˵Բԣ
ƨҪ㳤еһˣҲĹ㡣ϻˣߡǷһɽƤŮ˵꣬ȻץҶļߡ

˵ΣҶʣһƬɣǻɵƲڣʱ绮һһΧУȴΪϡŮԣһҪݽߵ硣ʯΪôˣ
ʯطϡʯȻޱȡ
Ҷջ˼ԶԶʮŮӣо͵Ķʥߣ
Ϊ׵һе̵ŮӣҲǳǿߣ߼ʥߡȻԷǸ߼ʥߣǶԷȴǿߵĸо
ţ򵥣
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˪㻹ǣ˼ڵĵӣѾ㡣ѰɣŮԵŮֵ
밤ǲ˪˫ֽգŭŮӣһͷŭĸϻ
ҶһԵ˪ѵԼʲôĳе񣿲ôҲǺ£ΪŮ˻ţڴ¡
ˣ
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Ҷ˶ԷһۣǲҶĿ⣬ŮӿҶʱҶѾջĿ⣬Ҷ㵽˪
Ůü΢ȴûʲô
ʱԶͻȻһŮӣŮϴһ˿˷뼤㣬ǰ淢һ䵥ʥߣˡ
ŮӵĻŮԵŮӶʱ۾һһ˿˷뼤Ȼ򵶰ӡ
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Ů£ԵһʧԶ
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Ǹȥɱ˼ңҶЩ⡣
Ǳɱʥ߿Ա˪
Ҷ齩סΣ˹ȥɱ˼ңΪɱ˶ԷԱ
Ȼأ˪
ҶԼԴЩãʥ䣬磬Ȼ֪ġǣû뵽ЩŮˣȻΪȥɱһûκγԹˡ뵽⣬Ҷһ£ΪʥߣͱЩŮ˸ɱ˱ˡ
ȻѾﵽ侳ǣԷҪɱ϶ܹŪģҪ໨ЩϾ侳ɲ޵С
Ҷԥһ£Ȼǲе㲻̫ð
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ҶЩȻ룬Ȼʵһǲɱ˵ġ


1154 ۾ժˣ
ɲУ
˪ɱˣû취ģȻЩ˵ҲûʲôˡΪʱˣҾͻˡֵһöƷʯ
Ҷ
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Զһһŭ
ҶĿȥԶһǵŮӵΧʵҲȻӲס˵Ůӵ˵ΧûпãһᣬͱŮӵֽˡ
һ̣ӿء
Щֵһ̣ǵŮæóһɫ«ǺɫС«ӿһЩʱУҶ֣Ǻɫ«һ貵Ĺâ
˪æҶ˹ȥʱŮӴ򿪺ɫ«ҶʶɨһۣʮöҵĳƷʯ
ʯ
ҶһǺ«ЩȣΪû뵽⾹ȻɳƷʯС׵еơСײ̫ˡΪ«Ʒʯʱ˷ѵ̫ࡣСЩٿԱʮöϾʯң
ȻɵС׷ų
ʱеŮָÿһŮǰһѳƷʯҶɨһۣÿǰǧöƷʯ
Ҷһ۵ŮӣŮˣԼռ˲һ롣ǣЩŮ˲ûʲô߲ú㡣
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򣬱绹Ҫпһ˳˵磡
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ӣŮĿʱ˶ԷϡĿⲻƣΪһ߼ʥߣ
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ӵĻҶ֣Ůɫʱһ䣬Щѿ԰ס
Ҫ
ʱŮͻȻڳ𣬽ţһӱȥԵЩŮҲæһӱȥ
ɫ΢䣬û뵽ԼݺЩŮ˻ɱɫȴûж֣תһԶȥǰЩʵ˸࣬û˿ӮĿܣ
ܿ죬뵶ŮӵʧҶĿ֮С
Ҷɨһܣãջûѡȥ̫Σգȥʱܱ˸ɵȻЩŮ˶ҲôѺãЩŮʱûҪɱ뷨ܵ˵Ƚϰȫ
ܿ죬ŮӵֻˡҶ֣Ůɫѿ
˵һˡ
㣬ô죿˪ʡ
вŮ̧ͷԶһɽĬãȻɽ
˪ԥ£Ȼ㣬ȻҪǡ
˪ĻɻӶҪҪʱʱ˵㹻ˡߣ
˵꣬һԶɽȥ
ŮҲæϣ˪ҶԣץҶҲԶȥ
Ϊβ߶ٶȸ죡Ҷ˪֣ЩŮ˶ǿûжٶٿü
㣡
˪սģٶȣʱΣգûô죿
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ĬãҶͻȻͷ˪࣬һѪӡ
ˣҶ
Сˣ˪
ҶʮöƷʯвУ
У˪ϾܾҪȻۡ
Ҷһ飬ʮöƷʯвУԺһʮöϾʯ
˪һҶˣʵȻĲУȴܴͦġ
Ҷ
һᣬ˪ͻȻóʮöƷʯݵҶǰסʮöϾʯԺҪʮöϾʯ
ҶҲϻùƷʯ£һᣬڶ˿˿Ȼַ˪䣬Ҷָշŵ˪䣬˪ͻȻסĲӣ㲻ܴͦͦɫİ
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ͷԼ䣬֮ǰǵѪӡѾʧΣ̧ͷҶܹˣ
Ҷ˵ͷԼˣǣǵ㳬ƷʯСˣҪ׻ָҲҪʮϾʯϡ
Ҷͷ˪һҶΪ׵ĵŮǰ㣬ˣˡ
Ůӵ˶ʱͣŮĿ˪࿴һۣȻֿҶܹˣ
Ҷ˵ͷûҲҪмֵЩŮ˲ɲɱ
ҶĻŮʱһϲǵŮȴǳĬ
㣬ԥˡŪãȻӰʵӣƶ񻯣˪
ŮӲԥץסҶһʧԭء
ܿ죬ҶŮӴһյأΧˡ
ԼˣΪβԼƣֱҶʡ
ûʯҶʵ
Ҷ˰ΣȻָһʮöƷʯǰҶҲϻͳԡһᣬҶԿʼˡ
ȴǳĬԼʮϢԥ⿪ԼɫСףȻԼһ԰ñ¶ҶСûɬֻޱĿҶ
ҶҲǳ磬ȻᱻǰԻĿڲǰǲǰм䣬һŵĵۣжʮֳ
ۣҶüͷһ壬Σҡҡͷҽã

Ҷһ飬Ȼҵ̫٣ǲһǿˣҪҽãһǧöƷʯ
һһǧöƷʯҶǰ
Ҷûڷϻߵǰ׼ʼ뵽ʲôڸˣռˣӦװɣ
˵ʲô
㲻ҿ壬ΪɱҰɣҶбҪ˵һ£ڿвסŮˡ
ҶΣȻɱ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷڹ˼ʲôַ˲ǰȻ
ʵǰŮ˲أȻúͨ㹻ˡȻǶԡŮԼ޸Ҫøµʱ䡣һǧöƷʯʵҲòô࣬༸ʮöͿˡ
֮ô˵ȻΪܹ׬㳬ƷʯȻЩƷʯ޷޸ˣǣһһ㡣
һӣҶгƷʯջԼ֣Ȼһ̱ڵϣһƣģ
ʱǲͻȻץסҶ죬Ҷɫһ䣬֡㣬Ҫʲô˵ɱҵģ
ûע⵽Ҷǲֲϣ˸˿˿â
Ҳɱ㣬ǣ㿴˲ÿĶԣ۾ժˣ
£ָҶ˫ϡ

жȻһ


1155 ʵΪã
Ҷģ˪֪ʱһԣŴ۾˼ؿҶ
ʱҶƲò˵Щȫ㣬ҶĺģѹҶһҶֲ֪ʲôʱ˲ϡӽǶе
Ϊ˪ĽָҶ۾紦ͣ
ʱʮŮ˪ĽҲæ˹ҶʱŮסܿ죬ŮɫŹ
˪ԥһ£Ȼ㡭Ǹڣе㲻ʱ򰡣
ԱŮæͷʾͬ
ջָҶҶɫ԰ף󾪿֣廹е΢΢
ܣ
˵꣬·Ȼߣ˵꣬һʧԶ
ҶһʧԶĲǲϵĺâʱɢ֮ǰڸʱ͸оŮ˿ܲŹˣյЩʣģû޸ԼǴ
Щһʱô£һɵİһɱԷ㽣޷ɱԷһУǾַڶԷϣɲռˣ˪֣򶼻
Ȼ϶Ҳ군ΪڵҲֻһңΪھԵʣǿд߶򣬱ضϼˣʱ˪ˣֻе
ڣ˪˹
ԱŮһҶȻҲæȥ
˪ߵҶԣû˵ץҶҲȥ
·ϣҶתͷ˪֮ǰҵģ˪˲ɵ£ǻҪĻδ̫Щ
һĺ𣿡˪
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻллȻŮ˶չΪĳˣǣ˵ⲻҪҪǣ飬ˡ
˪û˵
ҶԶһۣȻϵĽָ𣿡
ҶĻ˪ͻȻתͷҶòҪ˵£Ȼһɱ㡣Ҹ㣬ɱˣൽ޷УԼˣκһʴ֮ġҪ£
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˴ҪٳƷʯܹ޸˪ͻȻʡ
ԣҶһϲæȫָĻҪʮöϾʯָֻһЩĻ࡭
ͣ
˪ͻȻҶĻҾʣûб˼
Ҷ
ܿ죬һ˽һƬɽڡԱߵһŮһ̵İɫ̣֮Уһɫ롣һ˽ɽ֮ǾͰǸָߡ
㣬жˣ
ʱԵŮͻȻ
˿ȥֻǲ֮ϣǸɫָԶĳ򲻶ϾҲšһĻŮʱһϲǲҲһ˿Цݡ
ȻһԵҶȴüͷ
ߣӿٶȣ
˵꣬ͷǰȥ
ŮҲæϣ˪ץҶҪȥҶȴͻȻץס֣ΣգΪûԵʣȻʶ޷չǶΣյıȴеġֱԶΣա
ܹоΣյģһһΣա
Ҷ˵꣬ԶĲͻȻһҶǰΣգ˵Σգô֪Σգ
ŮҲͣĿ⿴Ҷ
Ҷ΢飬Ů˾Ȼ͵˵һ۲¶η뾪֣Ȼ㵽˪
һĻһŮжʱҡͷˣҲ̫ûһЩѹֵڲŻ쵽ʥ
˫΢Уʱ˪æҶ˳Ȼ˵Ϊʲô˵Σգ
Ҷ˪һۣȻֱΪҵӺСԣΣճ֣ҶܹоǰΣյĸоԣûǱȥֻôˣȻ֪ЩŮ˾Բš
ȻҶĻЩŮ˶ʱҡͷǲҶۣȻһԶȥ
һԣйŮӿһҶȻ˪˪ҪҸƷҲҸһһȫһݰԺҪδǣ㻹ָôЦأ
˵꣬Ҳ˪˵תȥ
˪û˵ץҶǰߡ
ΪʲôڲǰҪװһųӣȻһ㣬ǣҲûôʱ˪ͻȻҶ

Ҷԥ£ȻʵΪã


1156 Ҳڵ͵ˣ
ʲô˼˪⡣
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷû˵ǲһһϵˣˣκζв飬϶ڡֵ̫򶨣̫һ㣬Է϶ɱԳ󻼡֮˵ΪԷãԭȻ֣϶ƴ
֮ǰ϶ûл֮ڣѾһؼʱ̣һԻɱԷˡ
Ҷ˵˪һҶȻӿٶȡ
ܿ죬һһ滷ɽСϿȡ
ˣ
ʱԶ̵ֲֳŮͣ˸Źậ˷ܵ㣬̹âҫһһƷ
ԣŮҲ˷ƷȫϰöϾʯϰöϾʯÿٶʮöҡʮöϾʯѾǳˣ
Ҷԣ˪Ҳһ˷ܣƷƷлΪˣ
ʱҶȴͻȻס֣Ȼߡ˪üͷһ壬תͷҶŭʲô˵ţֱ˦Ҷ֡
ʱһԵĲͻȻɫһ䣬Сģ
£ͻȻϿΧɽ֮ͻȻٵЩٶȼ죬˲˲˵ǰ
һĻ˪Ůʱɫ䣬Ůڱֵ֣
ЩǺǿܿ챻Ůݻ١

û˿ԥ׼Ů뿪Ͽȡʱ򣬾ɵҲ֪һˡ
ﳷ
ʱΨһĳ·ͻȻһЦţʮ˳˲˵С
ʮˣŮɫʱѿ
Ϊʮˣʵ͵ĶʥߣΪ׵Ĺͷӣǰۣ
һۣʮʥߣ
ϴû뵽ε˹ʮʥߣñңŮģϴЩŮģܲȱŪֵˬˬ
ͷԣһĿⲻϴŲˣЦ
ӵĻΧЩӶʱЦһЩŲ˿ʼ
Ϊ׵Ŀڲϣ¾Ǻڷɣ
˵ĻЦݶʱ࣬Ŀ˲ϡ
Ŀ˲Ӵͣһ£һǡ΢΢ǻӶţ
Ļ˪ŮɫЩѿ
΢΢һЦڷˣԬ岻ϲϻӶŲԸ˼ǻӶţҼ޸ңԺҾһˡԸ⣬֪ǵ³ġ
΢һذ׳УҪҵˣͱӮҡ
˼
ԬǷһĨЦݣȻһȥ
Ҳʾذ״һ⳯Ԭ弤ȥ
ܿ죬սһ
Ҷ֣˲ûнգңΧĿռܼ̣ʹһһȰ۵ǿսҲûܹƻռ䡣
磡
Ҷ΢΢ͷĿռ䣬ֻе߲ܹ顣
ι
ʱ˪ͻȻҶңҹ˲ˡ㣬ԼŰɣ
Ҷ΢΢һһŮŮɢŵʱʱˡǲͶҲǣһһĸ֮ˣԸΪ˵£ңҪԼ޸Էķʽ
ҶΧһۣȻ˵ͷû£ҾͶӦòɱҵġ
˪һҶû˵

ʱͻȻţذײӰʳ֣Щذ˲һΣԬסʡ
ߣ
һŭȣȻһԶǻӶȺ֮Уذײϻ
һ̣˪ҲڳɣһÿϳһŷҶϳˣƷз
ŮԼϣȻһһ⳯ʱȥ˪ߣսһʧʡ
ҶֻʱѾȥ˪ͻȻ˻ǰ˪Ҷһ㶣Ҫ˵˪ȴץסļʱȥ
䣡
ʱסԬЩذײӰȻɢţһӰ˪Ҷǰ
Ԭ塣
ʱԬɫΪѿرԬ壬û뵽Ȼƭתͷһһԣϣľʬ壬ȥʱɱģ
ԬתͷʣʱӰ
Ԭɫˣ
ʱ˪ͻȻסҶݺݵţ㣬Ϊ㣬Ҫˡ֪ҾͲˣҲҪΪۣҪȥǸһﱨ𡭡˵˿ǻ
Ҷ
Ԭ俴һ˪ǲҪˬǿԺúˬˬˣ
ԬĿ˪ϣЦţ˳˪˹
˪ɫһ䣬ž벻ʡ
ȵȣ
ʱҶͻȻ˪ɨԬһۣȻһҲڵ͵ˣ
ԬĿʱҶϡ


1157 Ͷ
Ҷɫƽָ󣬿ԬˣƽӦ˵Įӣͷ·Ԭһ
Ҷ˪һ˲˲ҶЩ¡
ɱ
ʱԬͻȻȻᱻһʥŵ
֮ǰ˪ļǻӶųԱԥҶȥʱҶͻȻһһ⽣С
⽣˽һ㶣ǳҶļҲͣ
޾⣡
˶һˣȻϳҶеĽǽһ޾
Ҷ˪۾ĸˡȻû뵽ҶȻ޾⣡
Ԭ忴ҶΣȻ޾⣬ҵ׾ˡֻǣվǰʥҵЩ棬ô͵ŻңȰͱ˷ѿˮˡʹĵӣҲɡ
԰ʥľ޾⣬Ԭ忴϶һˡɱġ磬һԼǵˣʵ£ǽԷ׾ɱ󻼣ΪǲĻ⵽֮֡
Щ˼ɣΪǰˣ϶Щơ
ԣԬҶȳֿⱻĴֲ
ȻǰۣһֱҪԼҪΪܹڣ
ҶɨԬһۣĿԬϣһɱ㣡
Ҷ£ԬΧЩ˶ʱЦЦУ˼Ц
Ҷ˪ҡҡͷԱһʶҶģ
ʥɱۣ
飬ûйܹģ綥˵ľš
˪һҶҶ𣿿϶ģţôܲŰʥҪ֪ȻҶҪСü꣬Ѿ߼ʥˡ
ҶŰʥ
Ҷദʱ䲻֪Ҷеϲţû뵽Ҷôܴ
ԬҶĻ΢΢һ漴Цĺܺ棬ôһɱңҿ
ԬȻҶˣһᡣһ˵İʥȻ˵һɱ
㲻ңҶŭ
ţţһᣬҿҪôһɱңԬЦУҶֿ˼֡ҶûĵӣҲеǿ󣬵ȴһݰ
ھɱ㿴
Ҷ£һȦȦ£ǵȦȦϸǡ
һĻԬɫһ䣬Ϊǵ۽׽
Ԭ岻Ҵ⣬һӣһֳܣͬʱ˫ֻ˫ȭ֮ϣ˸ɭȭâ
һϢȥϢȥ
ϢʱҶͻȻһŭȣԬƤʱһΪҶҪʱҶȴͻȻת˪ڻţ󣡡
£Ҷ˪ֱӻһûǰĿռڡ
ˡ
ԬסһϢԬ˲Żع
޳֮ͽ
ԬŭϿںȻ쳹ȻֱˣˣֱˣˣǱһʥˣˣԷʼոûǽ֣Է֮ôֻʱʩչȻɵĸԷʱʩչ
ʵ˷ŭԬлһ˿𾪵ģΪԷһֱӳʶǵķΧ
ʶǿԸסΧʮģ
ϴô죿ԬԣһǻӶųʡ
ΣԬңʲ£

һɽڣҶڵϣ˪ĻΧʮŶѵĴ
һ˲˪ͻȻ۾˫ֳҶæʱµҶʱһţһĨɺǻ˳
˪ͷȥҶʱʱһҶǵѪûʲôҪϵѪʱҶȫﶼѾ˺ɫѪȾġ˪ĿҶǰ¶ϣѾѿѪһһĿģ
㶣˪æóʮɫĲݵݵҶߣԡ
ҶһɫĲݣȻҡҡͷⶫûã˵ţ˪ɽ䡣棬гƷʯ
ҶĿ⣬˪æһҶ⣬ҵġ
Ҷ΢΢һ飬ջĿ⣬еһ̾̾˪С̾ԼùûãʩչϼϡҪʲôΣյĻֻܵˡ
ʱ˪Ȼ㣬ҪԶٳƷʯܰԼҽã
ʮҶ˵ʮöϾʯһ뵽Ͼʯ̶ȣ˪Ͼʯ̬ȣæĿڣǸңöϾʯͺáöϾʯȻ޷޸ˣǣٿָʵˡ
öϾʯ
˪Ŵ۾Ҷ㡭ҡҪҪ㻹ǳԲݰɡңкܶݡ
Ҷ
ΣҶջĿ⣬߰ɣЩ˿ܲŹǣǿܻǡ
ǣô죿˪
ط죬һߣҶ
˪ԥһ£ȻңŶ
߰ɣҶ
˪һҶȻתȥ
Ҷ˫΢գ˪ȥǲֶԷҲûʸֶԷԷǷʲô෴ģԷܶΡ
ϡҶʲ졣ϡƵϺü²ſж
Ǹط
Ҷһ̾ûҲͰˣǳ֮ûСǵͷ׶ʲôȻǳ֮ˣ
ʱҶͻȻ۾۵һ˫ˮ۾۾˪
ʲôҶʡ
˪˫ֽţʲôشһΣһȻ΢óһöϾʯݵҶߣ԰ɡ
Ҷһ˪˪ѽȻȻҪˣ
ҶԥæǿϾʯϾʯ븹УʱСգţһ˿˿Сڴ˳Ȼ޸ҶЩľࡣ
ܿ죬Ҷ۾˪
𣿡˪
Ҷ΢΢ͷ
˪һóһöϾʯݵҶߣҲֱȥ
һӺҶ۾˪˪Ƕ˵ı飬ҶɲһΣڲҪˡ
ʱ˪ͻȻóһöϾʯҶȻһһԣ˫ֱϥǣԴϥϡ
Ҷһ̾ߵ˪ǰǷģԺҷˣʮٱ㣬òã
˪û˵
Ҷ˵ʱԶͻȻԾһӰܿ죬Ůӳ˵ǰ˲Ǳˣ
˪û£ɫʱһɣͻȻĿҶϵöϾʯϣҶϾʯɫһУ˪ôɽʱɵϡ
һɨпտҲʱɫ˲һذ׳Ҷ˹ȥ
Ůַʲô裿
Ҷɫ΢䣬ֲָָ⣬â˸ʱ˪ͻȻǰʱͣ
㣬ǣҸģûϵ˪
ÿ
˪΢΢ҡͷ㣬⣬ԼϾʯԼòã
˵ÿ
ŭ˪΢΢һȻеʱҶ˪ԣöϾʯҾöϾʯѣ㣬㣿
ҶǷǳƵģöϾʯ⣬кüİüģ
öϾʯ
ʱԵĹͻȻŭ֪öϾʯ˪˶òе֪öϾʯ˶꣬꣡öϾʯеģڼ䣬һѺõһû׶򣬼ʹˣҲǳͨƣõ˷㣬㾹ȻƭϾʯ㣬㣡
Ҷ
ֵ˪Ҳɵ㣬ÿɱ
˪΢΢ҡͷûƭңԼġ㣬⣬ҵ£Լòã
㴦ͷŭȱۣ㣬̫ɵһͲʲôöǲǸ˵ҪϾʯ裿Ժӱ㣿
Ҷ
ô֪˪̧ͷЩ
ûˣ
ɸֵؿһ˪ǻԣ㾹ȻҲš㣬˵أ˵ɵ㣬ÿɱ
˵ţҪ֡
ʱҶͻȻɫ䣬Сģ
ʱɫīͻȻǰĿռ˳
˲ɫ䣬͵óذն¡
죡
ĳ˽ɲͣҶȴ֧ʱԵ˪Աһһ֧
ʱһֳֳŮӳУͬʱΧˣȻȫʥߡ
ҪǣǳŮӵԣ߸װȫǷӶŵĳԱ
ɻӶţһԣɫ
˪ԣҶߣ˵ţ˪ʩչߡڣƻָһЩʩչֻҪһϢͿԡ
һߣ˪
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷֻܴһ⵹˵٣ڵʵֻܴһܴܿҶС
Ҳߣ˪
ʱԶǳŮͻȻóһ˹ϣȻ׼˳еҶ
һĻҶʱһ㶣Ȼæ˫֣Ͷ


1158 ռұˣ
Ͷ
˽һ㶣ǳŮҲ΢΢һ㶣ҶΣ˳
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Ҷ˪ǹݺݵصһҶ
һҶջĿ⡣
ҶԵ˪ԱһҶӡ
Ͷǿɳܵģ
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Ů𳤹ҶʱһŮˣǰۣһҪԭΡڣûϾʯڸ޸壬òָһЩɲڲзˡǹĻûзϡ
лЩģط̫ˣ
Ҷ̧ͷǳŮӣŮļΪҪ߳һͷһϮɫװϸֳһīɫڳ࣬಻رȴһӢˬʡ
ҶĿƣ˳Ůұߵһϣǰۣ
ۣ
ŮĿϣڷˣ㡣ĩճһһӶɱɻӶŵˣˣøô㣿
ֱ˵ɣα؆£
ˬ죡
ŮӵӶţܲҹƿˡˣңԺиͬͬ
Ҳأ
˶ҹƵ
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ҹҲĬҶ֣ҹĿ⾹ȻʱʱϡҶһݣ֪϶֮ǰ˪㿪Էļ֧ԵʡãҹƲŮһĺԷӦֻǺ棬û̫Ķ⣬Ȼ֮ǰҲͲչˡ
Ĭã̧ͷҹԵЩ涼ǷӶŵĳԱȻЩ˶ǲûˡ
ֹһᣬ̧ͷһԵҹƣ˿޷Ӷţ
ҹϸֳһĨЦݣӽɻӶŵĸųų
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˵ţҶ΢һöϾʯϣ֮ǰ˪ģûԡϾʯݵ˪ǰǸҲ֪Ͼʯô֮סģ˵ĻԺòϾʯ
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˪һҶеϾʯȻԼðɣ
˵ţߵԵһǰ£忿˫ֱϥǣͷơ
Ȼ¹޷͸Ƭƣǳȴŵ¹⣬ɻӶ¹ʯųġ
Ҷߵ˪ôãΪҳǸʲôǣ
˪û˵ֻǿƬƣһ˿ãȻ
Ҷֵܸ˵˵𣿡
˪תͷҶŰΣȻҵδ򣬱Ҫ׵ģǣͻȻ츳һ壬Ȼ֮һڵĸˡ֪𣿺ġ½һǣھ֮һʯڣƷģƷ½ʮ
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˪΢΢ͷĬãŵȻ˵䲻ͰҸˡ˵⣬ͻȻתͷҶʵǸʲôҲûʲô˲ģ˵Բԣ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵûʲô˲ģ
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˵⣬ͻȻһ̾һ˿ǷϣҪΪۣҪöϾʯ⻹õģãʮöϾʯܶʮöϾʯأҵôʮأʮ갡
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˪ͷû׼漣أ
˪Դһƫ㿪Ҷ֣ؿһҶ㰲οǼ٣ռұ˲ɣ˵ɫǣԶ㡣
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1159 Ϲż
ҹظӺڰˡ̧ͷȥһƬããһ޴ĺڶ
Ҷ˪˪忿ŴԴȴǲ֪ʱҶļϡ
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һ̣뵽ˣںڵʫˣϦ밲ϾԼ¹Ժˣǲ֪ںδĵŮױδȻ
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뵽⣬Ҷֻ˷ʱ䣬뾡ָȻ磬ҵǺӽͼ
ŬԼǿ
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֪ʱҶ˪Ķ治ԶУһذסҶ˪ĬãתʧҹɫС
ʧһ̣ҶͻȻ۾ȥķΣҶֱ۾
ա
ɻӶŵ˾ѾʼˡжߣʹʩչٶҲǷǳġˣʱ˾һɽһƣĴɽǰ
ʱǴɽǰѾۼ˲ٵˣңԽԽӶԼɢ޳
ɻӶųʱ˵Ŀʱ˹г˼ɵһ˿䱸ȻʶɻӶš
Ҷɨһ۳УжʱһݣΧ۾Ȼʮ
ʱҹƳǰų˱˱ȭλɻӶǰλһֻΪơλѾʲô򡭡˵⣬ҹĿԶһϣ¾ǷżѩʨӶųīǰɣ
Ҷһҹ˵ߣǰۣԣˣҲǰۣ֮⣬߰ˣʵ͵Ķʥߣ
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һĻҶҡͷ½Ȼϡǿ˿١Ҫԭ򣬿϶Ϊû磬ÿʥ۵඼췣֮Уû
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ҶһԶѩʨӶţīԼѩʨӶŵɫЩѿһĻҶЩЦʣѩʨӶŷẓ̇ǲ֪ʲôԭй¶ˡȻѩʨӶŵʵǳǿģǸҶ̡
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ҹȻһֱͿģҶоóŮֻǸѩʨӶӡѩʨӶͬ⻹ǲͬ⣬żɻӶſ϶Ҫһġ
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ʱԶͻȻһȺˣȺʱҶȷӶŮ˶ʱһ㶣ΪȺǵǵǻӶš
ǻӶŵҲŮ˼棬ۺ졣ǻӶŵ˾ҪȴǱųԬס
Ԭ忴˿ĿҹƵϣȻЦû뵽ųȻɻӶţҹųϲ
ҹƿһԬ壬ڸǽãǰԬų֮ʲôᣬһʹΣ
Ԭ忴һЦȻ
ҹ΢΢ͷ˵
Ԭ忴һҹƣɻӶŵȥͻȻĿһԵҶϡԬĿ⣬ҶƤһһǲŹ
ԬָҶҹųӦòɻӶŵ˰ɣ
ҹƿһҶȻתͷдѯʡһҶȻҡҡͷ
ҶɫһŮ˼Ȱ
ҶԵ˪ҡͷ˵ȴǱס
ҡͷԬ΢΢һЦҹų֮еԹɷһ棬ңҹųˣԬĳǷɻӶһ顣
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ԬҲæǻӶ˸ȥʵǿӶŶ֮ЩСӶԼɢ޶ʱһӵϣȫɽڳ˹ȥ

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ǰһЩԫбڣеĹɵĲȱʯԼָʯȻǶԫбڣӹģԿó϶һС
ߣ
ʱԶī£ܿ죬ѩʨӶųǰ˹ȥ
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ѩʨӶɻӶŶ뿪֮ӶɢҲæŸطȥ
˪ͻȻתͷԭҶģڣҶѾˡĿɨһܣûзҶӰ
˪㶣ȻҲãҲá˵꣬תˡ

ҶûиɻӶŵߣһ˵Ľ䡣ȷΧû˺ҶԼǰСף
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С˳ҶҶ£ֻСצҶԴҶ°͡˫죬΢ţһû˯ӡ
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СֻСצԼ۾ҶʱȻʱ¶һЦͻȻһܣţЦ˿ȻίؿҶȻСצϻš
ҶЦЦȻС׵˼ϲΪû
ҶС׵ԴԣԺǾͻ뿪ˡ˵⣬뵽ʲôȻóһöϾʯܲܰ
СգգۣСצӹϾʯҶڴĿ֮УСֻСצץϾʯһ
ǲ
öϾʯ롣
СֻСצֱһϾʯƵصݵҶǰ
Ҷ


1160 ñ
СڴĿ⣬Ҷ΢΢һЦӹСצеϾʯȻС׵Դ
ҶĿ佱С϶ʱ¶һõЦȻ˫צҶղϲҶĶͷ
ҶС׵ԴȻܹܵб𣿡
С׳ܿ˿ͻȻ۾һСצָԶ
״ҶһϲϾʯºȻһԶӶȥ
֮԰С׽гΪСԱĸӦرǶԼһҵĻ϶ҲЩӶţС׾ͲͬˡСڣԿһֱӾ֪б
ҲΪʲôҪ뿪ɻӶŵԭ
ɻӶţȫһЩǣû취ָʵΪɻӶżʹõʲôʯҲָңרҪָʵǲܵ飡
ˣ͵͵뿪ɻӶţȻΪֵң뿪ʱ˽ԼϢ
С׵ָҶһ·ǰȴСģܿˡȻһʵҪ͵һ㡣
ڣҪĿҵرȰã
ͻȻҶͣԶһƹߴǧɣ˷·һƽ⻬羵ǹмλã֣Ȼڹ·棬ɵѷ죬ҶɨһۣȻ޷ף
Ҷ΢΢üǰʲôȻôң
ҶϣССצָָԶǹƺҶȥ
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Ҷ˫΢УӿǸ߼ʥ߰Ȼɱˣ
ˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ϶ûˣΪûоϢûˣҲ˵󷨣󷨾ʹϾʯΪϾʯܹά󷨡
뵽⣬ҶǷһĨЦݣһӵʬԣһУϵɽʱɵϡɨһۣҶʱһϲΪɽ֮оȻһöϾʯöƷʯ
ҶϾʯ£ƷʯŽɽ֮Уһöһọ̈գ̫˷ʱˡ
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ط绹ȫ
ͻȻüͷһ壬˫΢գڣܣɫ˿ߣ
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Ȼ֪ߵǸʲôڿͦģ֪Բһ򵥶Ůʵ죬ȻŪ˵侳磬Ǽ⣿
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Сж߶ʱֻ̾Ҷɱ¾֮ܡ
ԼһӣҶŤɫŻָһЩǵСף΢΢һЦû£
С׷ɵϣСצĲӣԼԴҶա
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ҶҲȥˣֻ֣ҪǣҲʹЩǵϣҲȻˣҶЩǣ̫ΣˣڣһŪãҪ
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һҶջ˼ʱȥߵ⡣ǿԼǰͷһǰЩں޸£Ѿ˲ˡ
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СָָҶûԥһŴȥ
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Ҷ۾ʱ
ΪڣнٶˮʯЩˮʯڣһ͵ĶƷ
ˣ
Ҷ΢ʳУһӣЩˮʯȻѣʱһЩɢ˳
ȻҪȻ꣬׼۽ҲҪΪҽ
ЩɢС׶ʱһЩûĸУܿ죬ʮöϾʯҶǰ
ҶС׺ݺһڣЦҵĸǣȷʵûСףڹƻɻӶƨɺô©
СױҶһڣС΢΢һ죬Ȼ֮Ժûκ˼ΪǰҶ׺죬Ҳ졭
кҶ׼ȥͻȻСָָԶʯڣҶûгɣָһһƽԶʯڶʱȻѣܿ죬һСҳҶǰ
ʯڣɫʯߵʯһŻɫһͷͷͷ죬¶ɭݣ˶ɡͷߵĹֱ
ڻɫԱߣ֧ɫļҶϸ֮·֣⾹Ȼȫɻɫ۴죡
ҶĿǰɫʯ·һϣ׼۽ףе۽ӡУɼ֮˹ҲΪ۽ס
ҶһӣɫɢǻԹûȤתͷһʯ
ڵĶҶ۾ʱñպã


1161 Ҷʥ
ǹڣһ˫ɫȭףȭȫɻɫ۴죬˸ŵĻâҶĿǹ·һϣսȭ׼۽ףɵ۽׻ƬؾӡУɴ۽ף
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Ҷ΢΢ָһǰɫȻ飬һУǶԻսȭʱϡ׽˫֣ǶԻվȭͱһ潫ҶţҶ㵵Ŀ֮Уֱֻ۾Ȼ˲䲼˻ɫۡ
ˣʮָˣͻȻʮɫצצֻвһָȴнʮ֣һ̽Ҫ࣡
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Ҷ΢ʮצʱȭ֮ڣȻֻȭһãһ˫żϸС̵ȭסҶʮָһ£ûһ㲻ʣΪȭѾ˫ȫںΪһˣ
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ûȥ⣬ҶĿϵĻվȭϣϲֳһĨЦݡվȭ˵رǶ˵绢ң˫۱պʩչٽ編˫ȭͷܵٽ練ɿ϶ҪСܶܶ࣡
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Ǳ˽ȵǣЩСڵĹ붫ƺʲôݻˡ
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һһƽҶ֣ҵƽ޾Ȼһ˫޴˫֮⣬ڵƽֱܻһͲķȦĵƽУǸƽֻһҵƽĸ
Ҷ˫΢һʼҲΪܲʯڿ⼫пܾʯңһʯȻı׼
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ЩҪҪ׬ˣ
Ҷһӣҵƽȫ˹ʿռڡ
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ҶûãһȺ˾Ҷ֮ǰվλãȺ˲ǱˣǻӶš
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ԬɫԷӦûûԶ׷
˵꣬Ԭһʧԭء

СָҶܿһĺǰһǧɣˮƽһ̶ˮ
Сָָ棬ƺҶȥ
Ҷ΢΢ʶУãҶüͷΪˮɺ󣬾ͱʲô赲ˡ
Сָָ档
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ڵѾָ߰˰ˣеҲƴһƴܿ죬Ҷˮ½ǧɺͣ
ˮµһĻʱҶסˡ
棬һ޴󷨣ڣһԼɵİɫСʱɫСſڵϣ˫΢գ˯š

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ƷƷƷƷƷУƷáǰȻֻƷݽߵ½̶˿Ʒ
СȻкܶϾʯǣ൱ɱȡѣô
ҶǰǰַǷϣǷƸֳһ貵ĹâͱҶе򻯳ޡǷΪʱһɼֲɢ˳ڶҶĽ޾ɱѹסˡ
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ٱѹ˼ˡҲǿԳɳģǰǱҪգȻԼһǣûգһ졣ǰ֮ԵڻڣΪ󷨷ӡסɢ޷йˣ㣡
СָָȻҶգ顣뵽ԼʱҲ˺öꡣ
ҶҿԲɱ㣬Ҫҵģԣ
͵ͷ
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ҶЦЦȻ£ġ
С׿˿Ҷֿ˿СȻ죬Сʱɫ䣬æܵҶɪɪʱСȴǱͣСЦݡ
Ҷһ飬С׵ԴͱˡԺģòã
С׵˵СԴԴ˲Ҷգһ˵㡣
ҶСٳĿռΧЩ˰ɣ
СָָҶȻָָҶ͡
˵Ҷʡ
С׵˵СԴ
Ҷ΢΢Ȼ˵ͷȻָ߰˰ˡȴûȫָңںȫ޸壬ˣûСȻǿǿУҪýýȻҪ
Ҷ͵м䣬ΧŨﵽʵʻһͦ࣬С˵ĻٿмǧöϾʯ
ջ˼Ҷʼ߶СУСתһ̣ҶʱͬһУΧЩ˲ûڣţһ˿˿ҶڡģҶϢԽԽǿΧˮʼҷ
һӺҶϵϢǿˡ
ӵĺˮʼۿɼٶ
ʱӵĺˮѾʧˡ
ʱǻӶŵ˳ҶǰԶǱˮĶģ￴ҶʱԬ˶ʱסˡ
û뵽ȻҶ
عһɻӶųԱҪǰȥɱҶȴǱԬס
ڳʥߣԬǷһĨЦݡ
ԣӶ۾һϴ˼ͻʥߺɱ
С츳ѣʥ⣬ﵽʥߺɱٿԱöϾʯԬ嵭ɱëûУԣʥ
ԣɻӶųԱæͷʾͬ


1162 ճʥ
ʥ
ʵҶûͷΪŮ߹ǻȶڳʥˣĴȶȻڳʥߡ
ǣû뵽һ̣ȻҪʥˡ
Ϊʲô
ʵֻ˵ˮɡڸ߼ʥ̫̫ˣѾһ̶ˡͺñһˮˮʱͻԶʹôԸ⣬Ҳ޿κεġھ
һʼҶЩǣǻӰδ룬ҲͲȥˡʥȹ̻ʥͬҲȹ̻ңĻҲرأرΪȹ̻ѾѹԼܾˡ
ͨҶʼרĳʥߡ
ʵҲЩµģΪʥߵĻû׼Ѿ֮ˡ½ȫõ⡣ҪľŬȻʥʥ֮ϣ
ҶϣС׿ԶԬˣȻСצָָҶָָԬˣָָԶ
ڽǸϽߡ
СױȽϵСɵҶʵ֪ҶԬ϶ûҶġԣںԬ˸Ͻ뿪Ϊ뿪ĻȻ϶벻ˡ
ǵԬ˻᲻е±Ѫ˵ҶǰҶѪʱɱÿµģ
ԬȻǿС׵˼ģ㿴϶Ҳӵġ
Ԭ˻ߣСЩŭˡŭԬˣСצָָҶȻָָԬˡ
磬ֻСǲɵԬԣһʵ
Ԭ忴һСףǷŹˣ
ԭˣĿ⿴СףСһﻹĵģȻʱ򶼶Լ˲벻һ飬Щ˼
ޣʱҪģԬ嵭
ԬƺлӲҽӻˡ
УԬ޶ԣСҲצˡݺݵصһԬˣȻһ׹ûҶǰ
ǲϲѪ˵Ҷ
ҶϵϢԽԽǿһʼԬ˻ûôǵڣǹϢȻһ˿ѹõǲòųԼֿȻ⻹ֻǿʼΪҶϵϢͻȻԼٶڱǿš
ܿ죬ǻӶŵһЩʵĳԱȻЩֿסҶˡ
СڳʥߣڳۣԬԣ˿ԶҶ֮дһ˿𾪡
ⲻ𣿡
ԬЦֳĶԽ֤ʥʵԽǿԽǿɱ󣬱ԽࡣֵǶעһ㣬ܵĿռ䣬Сǿˡ
ԣΧЩǻӶųԱæͷȻһҶܣҶΧͬʱ˿ʼӹҶܵĿռ䡣
УҶ˫۽š
ʱԬɫΪҶɢϢֲ̫ˡһЩʥѾܲסҶɢѹ׷׳˿񿴹һҶڳʥߣ
ǶʥߣǣǵϢûôֲ
ԬüͷҲΪе㲻ˡڳʥߣеڳ۰
ԬֻʱԵͻȻϴСЩаţôȥְɣ
Ԭԥ£Ȼ˵ͷɱȷϵ
˵˵ͷȻһҶȥҶǰʱץڵϵҶ
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ڣһ۶Ѿȫûв
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ҶĶԬɫʱưҶȥͻȻֱʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰȻһȭҶȭ۵ͬɽһѹҶõҶΧĿռ䶼΢΢Ť
죡
һڳ𣬽ţ˾㵵Ŀ֮УԬֱӱĳ˽ǧɣ
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ôܣ
Ԭ忴˿Լǻڲұۣһ̣һٴαһΣжһ̵Ҷǰż棬΢΢Ȼ϶͵һһΣȻû֮ǰǰ㱣

һڳ
ȻоţһԵɻӶŵ۾Բ΢ţ˼ؿųеһĻ
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Ԭ忴Ҷ£ǻӶð˸£¸̧֣Ȼֻǽغϣǣ֪ԷҪߣκβáԷʵ죬̨϶ΪֲһԷߣʱǻӶſܾҪϳˡ
ͽ⣬ǶǻӶĿǰ˵һѡ
ҶЦЦߵԬǰҲʱƣϧлнҡ룬϶ôģһҲӦͻ᲻ϧһдɱң𣿡
Ԭû˵ֻ˫ֻ
ҶֱԬ壬һ죬ȻǻӶŵ˶Ҫ
һʥ߻죿
ҶĻ˶ʱŭɽңһֳֳָҶŭʲôȻ
ͻȻȻֹ
ΪҶǰͬʱҶֿסĺҽ
һĻɫ䣬ҶץǸ˿Ǹ߼ʥ߰
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жȻӳһ˿֣
ɫѾʼϵˣҶ΢΢һЦȻһɣ˵ϡҶתͷһԵԬ壬Ȼ˶࣬ǣ˵ģ˶˵һ嶼ûСҪɱǣĲҪ̫󾢣Ҳ㣡
е㲻ţԬ֮ǰȻ·磬ǣûȫ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ΢ʳУֳǰһ̽һѪ֮УţѪʣһɿֲ˲Ҷӿͬʱ޾޾ɱҶӿ˳
޾ɱһ̣˲ѪһƬĩ٣
Ҷ̧ͷԬ壬һӻǲӣ


1163 ˳ɣ
ӻǲӣ
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ڳ˶ߣҶ뽣ʵһ˲Ǿ͸ܵΣգǳΣգûܹһԬ塣
ʱԬɫͳˮ˫ȭգĿҶеĹ뽣
ֱһ䣡
ĬãԬϸֳ˺ˮֹƬ̣Ԭֻ˿֮ţԬĳϲУ
Χ˳Ĭ

û˾öˣȻδǣѾܵһǿһԿնۣ
Ҷһգһ죿
ԬĬƬ̣Ȼ֪µĿģ
ҶȻԬ˼Է֪շǻӶŵ⣬棬˵дıֻ棬Էʹڲԣպ϶Ҳ취뿪дı򵥵˵ǣԷ֪ûǰ;
ҶһǻӶˣߵԬǰȻԼǰʱСԬǰ
Χһ㶣Ҷ˼
ԬȴͫȻһ˲ʶôܲʶһһƷ
ЩӶһ⣬Ϊʲô

ΪûҾ޷ʵʵͻľ䡣˵ǴҵһǾͿԲԴӣͬһǵһԼú÷չ
ȻǰʵǿȻס
Ԭ忴һҶҶԬһЩû뵽ҶȻӵƷ˭
Ԭûʣɵ
Ƭ̣Ԭǵʵܱס
ҶԬ˼ЦһҺأ
ԣԬ岻ٳɣ¶Ҷ˱ȭԬĳԸŸ»죡
ҶȻǿվֻһˣҲԬ嵣ĵģҶ˵滹ˣʱڳˡҶˣ˻ǺεȵĿֲԬ˵ڵҶ൱һȣ
Ԭ㣬ЩǻӶŵԥһ£ȻҶ˱ȭ
Ҷɨһۣ˿ǽˡҽҶƺҽɡ

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ԬȻѾ˵˸죬Ǿͺúøţľȱˡ
˵˵ͷ
Ԭ岻˵һԶȥ

Ԭ˷ֱҶƷķȥĿģһΪ˪Ʒ֣ɻӶſ϶κУʱ˪϶Σաڶ뿴ûлõƷ
лᣬ϶
ܿ죬ҶһϿȣϿȲȻγɣǷ·ʲôӲһ㡣ǽǽģҶȻܹ
Ͽڵףһǧɳİʱʮɫš
ڰˣУѩʨӶţɻӶš
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ʱҹѩʨӶŵīϣڳжţƺʲôЩš
ҶЩˣһۣܿ죬˪һ˪ԡ
㣡˪Ҷȵ
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㲻ôֻˣ˪ʡ
㣬ԾͻˣҶЦ
˪΢΢һ㶣ţ΢΢ͷһᣬ̧ͷҶһ˵˻ʱвĿĵʱ򡣡
˵ţһжöϾʯȻҶҸոշֵģֻôˡſ߰ɣԺˣɱġУԺҪţˣҲҪƭŮˡ



1164 ҽ˲
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˪룬Ȼ
Ҷһ漴ҡͷЦЦѾͷ
߰ɣҪ֪ҰϾʯˡ϶ɱģƢе㲻ã˪
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˪ҶһůЦЦû˵
ԬҶȥʱһͻȻУ㲻ɱҸһᡣ

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תͷһҶ
Ԭ壺
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1165 ǣ
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ԣɫʱȻԬĻǵĹԼĶƾʲôҪָĩճһ룿

ʣǺӾҪ֣ʱͻȻڳг֣ţϵӶʱնϡ

Ӷϵǰ͵۾̧ͷһԶҶȻһһ׹ȻԶȥ

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ҶɨһۣѩʨӶŵˣбһЩӶţɢҲС
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ҶЦЦȻһʧԶ

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ҹƵҪ־͹ָ̫һߡˡĩճǵ·񣬴ȥЩ˿϶Ҫ׷ɱȻѾǣΪβɴﵽأǶŹǣϻ˵ˣֻҪȥȻ
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ںӵҹƵսļʱͻȻһڳһס˿ֱӱϡţһӰͻȻǰǰȻ˾㵵Ŀ֮УǵӰץסǰĽֱӻһʧԶ
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ӰȻҶҶץŰǽԼٶ˼£Ϊٶȹ죬ǰܲˡ
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֪˶ãҶͻȻͣȻԼǰС׶ʱ˳
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һҶȻֿһСףСʱ޴ͫȻһһ˿֡
С׷ǳ⣬΢΢һʱǰɢһЩûС׵͡
ʱһʶСףǾ֮ɫ
ҶһСףС׾ЩĿǰ
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˿Ҷֿ˿Сףԥһ£С׵вµ˵ͷ
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Ҷԥ£Ȼֱڵϣ岻ϵز·ʲôµһ㡭


1166 ۣܴʮ
ӵҶϿͣˣΪϢûˡ
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ܿ죬ĿɪɪҶϡ
ҹڼҶʱüͷһ壬û뵽Ҷ
ʱǺͻȻҶɼһɹ
ҶֵؿһۺӣȻǲָԶУһ۵İ׷ߣýģץһ߷ɹȥˡ
׷ߣ
΢΢üȥͻȻֿҶΪβ
¡Ҷ˵е㲻ˡ

£һӣһ˲Ҷϡ

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ҹƵȴûм׷ˡѾʧȥõĻᣬ׷ȥֻԼ
λΪ֮
ī϶ҹƵ˱˱ȭȻѩʨӶŵǿתȥЩӶŵİǿɢްԥһ£ȻҲתȥڣʱΪ֪˶ãĩճǾͻ׷ɱǣǿѾ·ˡ
ֻʣɻӶˣ
УҹֽеīɫĬš
Ѿͷʲô㣿ҹԣʡ
ҹ˵ͻȻͷ·ǸӣһץһӰֱӱץӰȻҶ
Ҷʱ߶΢΢һ㶣ΪҶšҪ֪ղҶʱǿǸܵҶϢʧ˵ġ
Ҷˣ黹һ㾪֡
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ҶһҡɱңԣңҾˡ
ҹƿҶΣȻ˭
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ܣ֪ʱһȺɫ۵ˣǧˣʥϣЩһȦ˶Χǰ治Զվһ䳤׳һɫȹŮӣһһŮߡ
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Ҷ˪ԴȻԶ彣ӡʱ彣ɨһ۳ˣλûΪλ˼ֻҪƷ
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彣ЦЦȻһ£ڶżڵĶеȤԣλżõĶڣλģڼ۸񹫵λ
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彣ӵĻɫʱɽڵƷǿ
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ȹŮ˪彣æȥ˪СֽգĿ彣ϡ
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һԣҹƼһĻü
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彣æͷȻûйϵ㿴ĵ㣿಻㣬츳㣬ôܻйϵֻһˣҿԶ췢ġ
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һԣҶһȹŮӣȻ彣ӡ
˪Ҳ彣ӡ
彣ȹŮӵĻҲһ㶣Ȼû뵽ȹŮӻô˵ʱȹŮֵô᲻ð
彣ɫ΢䣬ʱȹŮͻȻ᲻ãûϵ
˵ţȹŮתȥ
ɱ
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ȹŮͣ½Ųת彣ӣҿţ
彣˪ҪңҪ־ֻܹԼûϹʲôǰ͸˵֮ûйϵˡҸһˣҸһģ
˪˫ȭţǣ㣬ʲô˲ģǰ𣿡˵ţоԼĻЩûȻתͷҶ˵Բԣ
Ҷ˵ͷǳϵۣȷʵûʲô˲ġ
ǷһĨмûʲô˲𣬵Ҫɱǣһֻô򵥣
ҶЦЦȻ˪Դǲ
˪ʶص˵ͷ
ҰòãҶЦ
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Ҳˡ
˵Ŀ֮УǵĽָסˡ
ҶԶǱסǣǷһĨЦݣۣܴʮ


1167 ȥ
Ҷ£ָһǵĽʱһء
ٶȼ磡
ͫһֻƣϸһ㽣âȻǱӡ˹ȥ

һǱƵסʱҶͻȻǱȻһָǱϡ
ͣ
Ǳֱӻһ⴩ƣһѪͬʱǸǱһĳ˽ɣ
˴ľ
رˣҶദһʱģУҶûй츳֮УҶһݰڣҶһ֣׵߸ǶҶ֪
ȻֻһҪ֪Ǹǰ۰
һ˰ۣ
Ҷʥߣһװ
ҶҪԵ˪ҲС΢ţ˼ؿҶ
ҹƴ˿Ҳ𾪲ѣȻҶЩ򵥣û뵽ҶȻز¶ȻҶֻ¶һֻ֣Ҫǰ׳ն֪Ҷʵǿۡʥߵľ粻ֻۣЩ
˭
ҹ볡д˿̶ʡ
һԵԬ˫ȭգ˷֮ɫڣҶĵӸŲˡ
ԶǱһ̴Ƶһ̣Щǿ߾ҪȴһԵȹŮֹһҶȻһԵǣ㲻һʥ߾϶򲻹ɣ
ɫѿмһ־֪ûУ֪ǰʵǿȻⲻʲôϵȥˡҲԽսȻһģ
̧ͷԶҶʱҶȴǿһԵ˪ˡϣ
˪˹ЩԥҶǹ΢Ц²ûԥãֻһ˲ҪҪȴɣ˭˵ôأ
Ҷ˵ͷã

ʱͻȻһŭȣҽ͵һ̤˳Ҷȥͬʱһ֪ʱǰ̺ɭ۽âҶǰʱ͵סȻֱӻһ⳯Ҷȥ
Сģ
Զ˪һĻæҶ
Ҷ˪΢΢һЦתѾǰĽ⣬ȻһȺ
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ȭâȻɢǿֱӽĳɣǴ󺧣ʱҶͻȻǰǴ󾪣г͵سҶǰȥȻҶȴǲܡ

һ̶ͫͫһΪоԼĽ·ڽ֮ϣûƷԼֱۻһ飡
ʱ
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У˪Ҷø˵˿ȴǳƽӱݵһ̿ʼͷҪ֪˪䲻䲻˪ǣŬûԴǵĽŲ
ǣһֱûз
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֮ǰǣȥһķǣȻ˪䲻ǣϹ˹ۣ䲻˪ǣ֪Լһ̣ãġ
Ҫɱһ̣֪ԼͷˡۺʵУǺġ
ʱҶˡ
Ҷ˵ǣȴûʲôУеֻǵǣҶǻΪڵģ
ˣҶҪʱ˪æܵҶסҶֱۣȻҡҡͷˣң߰ɣ
Ҷһ˪ȻЦģ
˵ţҶתͷԶԬˣߣ
Ԭ뽣˵æҶһԣҹԥһ£ȻҲɻӶŵ˸Ҷ󡣼ҹˣѩʨӶŵīҲæѩʨӶŵ˸ȥЩɢӶԥһ£ҲæҶ˵
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ʱҶԵ˪ͻȻʧ
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˪ĻҶ΢΢һ漴һůԭѾͷΪ롣Ҷ˪ԴȻЦģ
˵ҶһǰǴ󺧣Ҫ֣ȴǸоһʹȻٴεɳȥɳȥһ̣ϵɽ仯һâɵҶС
ҶɨһۣϾʯнһöҡҡͷȻɽ䶪˪̫ˣһöϾʯ
˵꣬ת˳Զȥ
˪˿еɽ䣬ЩһöϾʯһö
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Ҷٴæͷʾͬ
ȹŮߵҶǰҽԱƣȻָָԼ£ֱҶ˵˲һߣҪ뿪ԣȥ뿪


1168 
ȹŮӵĻҶ˵ɫѿ
̫
Ҷɫ࣬ʹ˪Ҳ溮˪СֽգҪ̲סֵӡ
˪һЩҲ̲ס붯ˡЩѪˣѪȻеġһŮ裬ô޶ԣǣǸǣ֣ܶΪ˼Ҷλۣһڵģ

УҶȹŮϢȻǶһЩӵˣȲڣ¸̧֣
ȹŮʼ磬Ҹǻ˵ģҿȥҡ
ȹŮͻȻȻֹΪҶͻȻ͵һȭһĻȹŮȴһҲţǻһĨ
ҶȭͷȹŮǰʱȹŮǰȻһɫϵסҶȭͷ
飡
ϾһҶȹŮȴԭز
ȹŮЦһȻָָԼǰһöɫ׹׼۽֮ػǰۡ

ʱҶͻȻһУԶе彣ͻȻһȻֱǵֻһɵҶСһ̣ҶֱӳȹŮǰгһֱӴȹŮǰϡ
ǲ
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䣡
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ۣ
ȹŮһھѪ˹峯󵹷ɶʱҶȴٴιسǰȻ˵Ŀ֮УҶֱץסȹŮӵͷȹŮӵԴԿ͵׹£ҶȹŮӵԴһң
죡
̮ѪĽ

Զڵǿ߻عʱŭҶ˹ȥ
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ң
Уһŭȵ֪ǡ
ʱȻֹΪҶĽſʼȹŮԴֱ˵档Ҷ̧ͷߣǷһĨЦݣҪҪԣ
㡭ɫĿ£ȴڶˡ¼ŭҶȹŮӵԴͱˡ
ҶջĿ⣬ͷµŮӣǺοأҺú˵ǲںˡҶˣ˵ţҶһУǹȹŮǰɫ׹ɽʱɵ
Ҷɨɨɽ䣬еĶƲƲ죬Ůݲһ㣬ҲͦġϾʯֻٶöӰ˵ĶҲͦ࣬УǴ඼ֻһЩƷ
ҡҡͷҶָһöɽֱӷɵ˪ǰ㣡
˪ɨһɽĶʱöϾʯҪööģ
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˪ҲЩ£û뵽Ҷ׼۽׵Ҳ͸ˡⶫٿöϾʯİ
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һԣ˿һҶ˪ĽȹŮӵݣɽ϶кܶ౦ЩҲͰˡɫ׹׼۽װҶȴ־͸˪ȻĽĻǸˣΪ˪ˡ
Ҷ̧ͷԶһߣҪŮ˻𣿡
Ҷ

ʱҶµȹŮͻȻһĲҽ˿ȥֻŮӵͷѾû˵֮С

ߴŭҪ֣ʱҶͻȻѽ죬ԴĿ죡
һŬԼƽȻҶ㾿ô
ǧöϾʯǧöϾʯҷҶֱӰߣҪּۻۣҲҪᣬûˡΪҲɱڿԣ
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ҶҲŰߣĽſʼ
ʱҶ´ȹŮӵ
ҶͷȹŮЦʶʱ񣡡˵ţҶԶİߣȻ֡
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ʸּۻ𣿡Ҷ
߿ҶãȻָһɽ͵ҶǰҶɨһɽ䣬ȻһУɽɵţ˵Ŀ֮УҶɿ˽ţȻ˵һԣҺõģ
ҹ˵вŮӣȷʵȥǣôΪʲôΪ˶˽ġвŮӴЩȥЩǸлһ£лᡣ뿪Щ˻ӡ
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һԣһæȹŮץʱ˿ȹŮӵģȹŮѾΣ滹Ű߰Ѫģ֮ǰϵ£еֲ
ȹŮĿҶϣԹ֮ɫҶȴӶԷתͷ˪᲻Ҫ֣úøҾͺã𣿡
˪գգۣЩҶΪҪô˵ʱԶȹŮͻȻ˪ˣҪŮģ˶ɱˣȫɱˣһҪ
ԣ˪ԵɫʱȹŮûӣȻҲûӡǰ־棬ʱһŹЩˣȻºˡΪЩȻֻһЩӶɢޣһĻʵǳߵİ
֪ûȰΪʱȹŮͷԶЩˡ
ЩԥЩǿȴǲΥȹŮӵһҶ˳˹ȥ
Ҷתͷˣ𣿡
룡жʱ˻Ӧ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǾ͸һɱȥ˵ţҶתһЩǿ߳˹ȥ


1169 ߣСһ
ҶһȥһЩԭЩԥ˶ʱҲԥæųȥ
ʱѾû·ˣɱȥȻڣܻţԺҲš֣ھ͵
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ԶҹƿԶһҶ֮ǰҶ˼ˡ
ҶҪ˰һ
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һ̾ҹƿһǳǰҶһۣԥ´ɻӶŵ˳ǿ߳˹ȥ
ҹƵ˳֣ѩʨӶŻЩӶҲԥ׷״˳ڵǿ߳˹ȥ
Ҷ˳֣ڼǿҲڳɣæ֡ǲ֣Щǿ߾ֻܱɱˡ
ɱɱȥ
УҶŭ֮ͽ϶ģرҶĴ£ƸĲС
ץסǸŮģץסǸŮģȺ֮УȹŮָԶ˪غš
ȹŮ£ʱǿ߳˪ȥû˪ǰʮɾͷ׷׳׷˳ȥȻʻһ̯̯࣡
˪ǵǰҶСֽգңҿԵģ
Ҷתͷ˿˪Ц֪ɱܶ˵ģ
Ҷ˵꣬תʧԭأٴγʱѾȹŮӵǰȹŮӴ󺧣վɵӦҲ˫͵سҶĳһ͵ıձֱӱҶһȭ䱬
ȹŮͫһҽ͵һɵ棬Ȼ˳ˣˣҶͳǰȻֱӱҶסˡ

Զ߼һĻŭڹֵһɢްۣһҶ߱
ɱȥ
ҶȴûйܶԷץȹŮӵĺԶȥ
ɱȥ
Уŭ𣬽Ҷ
ҶĴ£˺ܿɱһ·ȥһЩɢ޾뿪ǻû߳ãͱڵǿ߸ɱ౾ߵ˶ʱͷڴһʵԶЩǿߣһֿǸЩǿߵĶ֣
Ҷӳǧɺڵǿ߻ţóɫЩˡҶ˵ֻ뿪ڣǣȴǷҪУóѾɱ⣡
Ȼƴ󣬵˶ֻοЩ֮ͽ
֪룬ҶͻȻͣȻת׷ڵˣλɱһɱɱһҲɱЩ˷ҪأȻˣǻҪ˼ʲôǣʱҲ׬ˣ
˵ҶȹŮӶҹƣæһ£˵꣬Ҷֱӳڵ˳˹ȥ
Ԭ뽣˵ûԥæȥ
Щԥܿ죬ҹһӣɻӶŵҲæų˹ȥţѩʨӶŵҲųȥ
ЩжȥҲٳɣ׷׸ȥ
ǲΪУǣڷҪءң˶һǾǣʱǣѾûкͽˡڵĴ·񣬱ضŹǣ
Ȼˣ˱ܣֻ˵޴ˡ
ڵ˼Ҷɱʱɫһ䡣ЩӶɢȻֻǲȫһǸܹġ֮ǰЩӶɢܣ׷ΪǾЩֻӣ֤ɱΪǴΪУ
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С㡭ԣһԥ
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˵꣬ߴתһԶȥ
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Ȼڵǿ߶ˣǣɫȴǵͳˮ
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Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻתˣλ֪кδ㣿
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ҶɨһۣǴһɱôӣһŹǣ룬㣬Ӧö
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ʱԶǱҹƿȹŮͻȻЦôˣ
ҶȹŮӣ֪ڵλ϶ͣǣøҵ͵һ㣬ƢãȻһ嶯ԴͷּˡԣΪԼԴģ͵һ㡣
ȹŮӿҶԹȴûҷϻˡ
ҶˣλûдĻҵи㣬֪λԸԸһ
˵ʱѩʨӶŵīϳ
Ҳ˵ͷҶ
ҶȻֻһʥߣǣȴûκ˸ɱۣ£µʥɱۣǾеֲˡ˶ɵܹʥ߻ɱۣһˣһ
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Ҷ˵ͷȻڲŹǣ㣬ȷλҲᱧнκһˣӶţڿ⣬ԣţͱ뱧һţǾأ
ҶĻɫЩȻˡٻ˼ϵϹˣβ׵Ҷ˼
ʱҶֵҶǴˣҲĨˡ齨һ˵ӶţϣҼ롣ҲûϵҸղŹѵȻڣ
ҶĻԬ뽣˵ĳԱ׷ߵҶ
˳Ĭ
ʱҹͻȻ뽣ʲôôΪʲôҪ뽣ˣ
ҶЦЦȻԼǰʱС˳ʱеŨ

һĻɫһ䣬˼ؿҶȻû뵽ҶȻӵԬҲˣ˵Ȼһĺ¡
ҶⲻƷһƷڣţԺܶܶ࣬ǺôΪʲôҪ뽣ˡǰѾ˵ˡܹԿڡ
Ҳ޷ڣīϳеǿߣһλߣԽ˺ɨˡ
˵˵ͷߣ˾ǿ߰
ߣԸ
ʱҶȻ
һ㶣ΪԼˡ
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Ҷ˵ߣԸ
ˣ
ʱ˪أ㣬ܴĹ𣿡
˿ҶȴҶĴ𰸡

ҶЩˡʱҪ˵ɲе㶪˰ҶڿŰ
ԥһ˲Ҷһӣ߶ѣСһ
ʱһɿֲѹͻȻѹѹֺ󣬳ʵϵ͵ֱ̱˵ϣ
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ܿ죬һ߳ʣ߸ˣ޾ѹӿ²ѹȥ
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1170 Ҳûʲô˲
ȻҶһܹߵģ˵һǶšʥ߶ԿۣѾˡ
ʥ߶ԿߡʷϲûֹǶټǧһġȻָڵ½ǰ½˵½ǿգҲŵϺŵġ
˲ҶܹԿߣǾãҶһк̨ߵơ֮Ҷھϣ
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ʣ˫΢һ޾⾳ӣ޾⾳ʹҲСҪǣܹ޾⾳ˣһ
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˵ţҶָԶȹŮӣأʵҲûΪУû취Ů̫ԲˣҪأԣΪ˻ֻɱڣһαҵĳ⣬Ů˻ǣ֮ǰ£һʹΣ
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ҶֱߣΪУǣ˷Ҫأû취ֻܶ֡磬ܲԴаɣ
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ʱ˪ߵҶǲܽģԽԽ۸Ȼʹ۸㡣Ҫֻʵ£˫пߣȭͷԷʱ㲻Է
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˵⣬ҶЦЦȻҷ֣ܶʱνıͨʵίȫҪңҲܷȻҪȥԷΪҴ˶Է鷳᲻ϣԽԽˡղţҪɱǣǲɱǣΪɱǣ鷳ͻԽԽ󣬿ǣɱǣǻ
˵⣬Ҷ˪˵Ҹôͨ
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Ҷһһ⽣У̧ͷʵߣŮвһ򲻳ܣҶҲмŮвԼĵˣҪҵȣڣ
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תҶҼ紦ۿɼٶڻֱָۡҶ֮ɫҵЩ
˵ʲôʱҶȴóһʣȻν͵һնһʮ֮ռֱӱиʣ¶һĿռѷ졣
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£˫һУΧؼĿռʱŨ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǰĿռ͵ٰٵ˿ʱ˶ŤġʱҶǵǰӵĿռϡ
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·˿ʵһĻ𺳵Ըӡ
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죡
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1171 ҵĽͣ
˵Ŀ֮УʵĿռһֱ۴ֵѷ죬ЩѷԼٶȳӿһᣬҶ߷ԲǧڵĿռȫѿͬʱһɼֲѹͬʮɽһк
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һɿֲͬйһҶȭͷкҶǰĿռ˲
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ãʵĿռָҶ֮߳УʱѾҶǧ֮⡣ߵǣһĨɺ졣
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ܿ죬˿ҶҶȴǸ֮ǰûʲôһҲûС
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ҹƴ󺧣ھʱҶؿͻȻðһɫСԴǰɫСԴ˿ܣȻСצҶţæ˻ȥʱҶͣ˫ۻϣúϵЩâʼڡ
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һĻҹƶʱһղһ̣оԼҪˡȻǰۣǣҶһûС
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ҹƳĬãȻԸ뽣ˣ
ҶʵѾȵߣˣҪ˵ûصšǿ϶ѾڵĺڣһɽǾֻӣһǽɢӶźӣΪ˶޷ӣĿ̫󣬶ߺҪ
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Щ˲ϲģҶҲǿɶԷȥ
Ҷɨһ۳Уаʮλʮλۣ̫ˡİǿ߿ɱҪĶ࣬ңǻеߴڵġһ㣬Щ֮ѡ뽣ˣδضĵġ
ʱЩʵûʲôѡΪ֪ھԲŹǡûбĵطԱӻˣֻѡ뽣ˡ㣬ҶҲ⣬ֻҪзչǱţЩ˻ڽ˵ģ
ЩԸ⵱Ӷһӣ
ʲô㣿ʱҹƵ
Ҷҹƣкν飿
ҹ΢΢ȻĿǰҪһݵأʮ⣬һСǣƳǡΪɳĮˣ٣ûСΪˣ൱һǡȥչ
ҶҹһۣȻɨ˳һۣҹҽ˵ģҽ˵ľʦңڽˣһϡ
ҶĻһ㶣ҹƣҲû뵽ҶͻȻôֱӷȨһǴȨ
ʱѩʨӶīԵһͻȻ£ⲻƽ
ʱҶͻȻӣƺûԼݣ
һ㶣ʱҶɨ˳һۣһЩ飬һǣѾ飬ϣҪԡҸϣҪͨɱӺķʽҡλһ㣬ڴҶǽ˵ˣ֮ЩĶǵϰߣҪҽȻж٣ɱ٣
ɫһݣĬ
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˵Ҷ
ĩճڡҹ
Ҷ˰֣ڴھΨһģǾǾԣҪ̫࣬ǾɱɱǲΪֹô򵥣
ʱԶͻȻһɹɿֲѹתͷȥֻʮ˳ʾͷ
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ȥһԣ˪æ
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ԶҶ
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ɱľˣ
ԶҶ
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1172 ǧ硣
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ҹû˿ԥȻԶȥ
ԥ£Ҳæȥ˪ȴǱŮˡ
ԶҶͣ½ŲǰԶʮ۵ߣȫǰۣ
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ųʮۣҶ˽еĹʡ½û˶ԳΪۣǣʵǱȲġİۣǾ췣ģЩûʵģ췣ˡ
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½İˮЩˣΪûо췣֮ǰܹɱۣԼʵ֮⣬һԭ
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˵꣬תʧʾͷ

ʣҶգǣһĨɺ죬ͬʱҲ˿
ܹսĹʮ𣿴Ȼǲܣû޵еĳ̶ȣղɱλۣǿʩչռһ˲ɱȻÿһʩչռһ˲ɱһ˵ġ
ȻǿǴҲС
ȻҪĻ֮ǰֵ߽Եʣǵ߽ʱʩչٽȻ˶ԷԼҲܵһ̶ȵ˺˵ֺ߽ʵѾǴˡ
ղֹģ˵ϼˡԷʵҲֻ
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ʱҶں޸»ȬɨһܣҶüͷһ壬˫΢գú۾ѵǴ˵꣬һʧʡ
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ȤȤǲ֪ǲҪҵˡǧ˰ϣҪʧ˰
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ҶתͷһΪ׵ӣҲǰۣ˫۴һ͸֣Ͽһ󵶣òһͲһûɫ
ҶջĿ⣬Ȼ󵽣Ȼ߰ɣ
ҹƿһҶȻ˵ͷ
ҶҪȥʱʱԶμͻȻǾôˣ
Ҷͣ½ŲתμôҪǳԷɣ
Է
μǷһĨЦݣûУʺУҪҪԣ
ҶμҪ˵μͻȻЦѵʺǰɣ㾹ȻⰮã
˵μΧӶŵ˶ʱЦ
Ҷתͷҹƣ׼һЩʺʮɡ죬ҪһһڳȥһڶУ
ҹƣ


1173 ԣʮﶼģ
Ҷɫ棬ҹԥ£ȻתͷԶһˣ΢΢ͷȻȥ
ԶμҶĻ㶣ȻԼĶ䣬ղ˵ʲôû˵һɺã
ʱҶȻʧԭأٴγʱѾμǰμͫһû뵽ҶȻкͳ֣ٶ˵Ŀ죬ֻܸܵһģӰ켣
⧲£޷ֻ͵һ£
ҶȴǲܣɶԷԴϣһȭ˶Էǰ

飡
Ҷ˿μȴֱӹӵ˳ȥȻһ̣ҶȴٴͻȻμǰǶӴ󾪣ٴһ£ȻҶûжֱһȭ

ۣ
Ҷ˿μһھѪȻٴε˳ȥμշɳȥһ̣ҶͻȻسǰȻֱץסμĺţסμĺ͵һң
죡
ѿμԴֱ˵֮С
ҶֵսϢˣʱ˶µ״̬
ԶǶӶŵ˴ʱŻع¾Ҫ֣ʱҶͻȻ̧ͷЩӶŵˣǰһԴ
Ӷŵɫһ䣬ȴǲǰˡ
ҶǶӣҽŲڶӵĸﴦȻתͷҹƣҹ΢΢ͷţһһӣһμԴߣڴ桭еĹζõǶֱŻ
Ҷ°ԣ꣬һΣҰԴ
μɫһ䣬ԥ£ֵܣμˣ̧֣
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ԣҶʱһЩ뷨Ȼͷμԣʮﶼģ
μɫֵܣҪô𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ£ϲˡ㣬ҾбҪôΪҵûʵĻǵ³϶ԵĻҪʮûŰ˵Ⱥãǣϲڣʼԣ
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һ̣ҶͻȻνһնһڳһԶһ׼ֵİԴֱӷ˳ȥѪ
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Ȼûס֡˵ע£Ƕ۱ιųԡԼһӣѾ⡣

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μû˵ֻǿҶҲûԹƽ·ղʮ಻Եһ
ҶμЦЦǲԺҪαң
μɫʱһ䣬Ȼ¶һ˿󣬵磬ҴˡҶð㣬ڣѾܵ˳ͷϣַ̧һԸŶӶŸŴ磬ΪЧȮ֮
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μδ˵꣬һ⻮μԴֱ벱ӷ˿
սҶתͷԶӶŵˣ
ҹһӣн˵˶ʱӶŵ˷Χû⣬Ҷע£еȫͶΪһ˲Ը⣬ȥȻֱӱһɱˡ˲
˶ͶҶǣ
Ƴǣģ󣬲ֻɼʮˣҶ˵ʱȫˡУûʲôˣʹУҲһЩΪûҪľߡ
ǺҹƵָ벼£һж˶ֹ˶ҹҲŷˡ
ҲҶ⣡
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ҹԥһ£Ȼϡ
ҶҹãȻҹһˣ֮Уʵ˵ҲֻܹӡڣϵһΡ
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ĬһᣬҹƵûʲôرĴ㣬ֻ֮ǰ˺úûţ
Ҷⷽ磬һסеˡʹǵߣҲ޷ͻⷽ硣ҹҲӦ֪ⷽʵѾ˼ݽߵĵزһݽߣҶûܹ⣬㣬ҹӦò԰ɣ
ҹƿҶ˵ʲô
ҶЦҹ뿪Ƭ磿
ҹƶȻվҶãҿɷʽ⣿
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ˣҹʡ
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ҹͫȻһҶãһһ⣬齨˵ĿģΪʯ
ҶЦЦȻ磬Ϊһк˼ҵĿģǴŴҳⷽ磡ҹӦҲȥ֮ɣ
ҹ˫ȭգûܹȥ
ΪûҶֱҹƣڣˡ
ãҹƻϥ£ҹƣԸ׷潣
ҶҹƷҵӣʺϴˣȴǳʺϡڣ˶ֻ״ϣܹıһ㡣Уϣܹʵʥۣ̫޷棬޷档
˵ţҶָһһöɽҹǰ֮ǰթڵϾʯǧöһǧöʣµǧö㴦á
ҹûоܾɽ䣬ڳкܶණҪϾʯǧöʵеˡ
Ҷֵڣ£һ˾ԼʵһὫųЩʺõģҪͻƵģԷϾʯȥȽԼšڶҴһǺӽͼ
Ǻӽͼ
ҹƾȵҪѰǺӽͼ


1174 ĩճ
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ΪΣҶʡ
ҹ΢΢漴꣬һ˽磬½ǿǰ赲ˣǾ䡣½ĵһǿ߽޼Ȼ߶Ǻӽͼǳ֮Ϊһգ½Ͽǿսǽһսأ񡭡
˵⣬ҹ΢΢ҡͷ֮дһ˿į󣬵߲֪٣޼׹䣬شʮڣ鲼ֲ⣬Ϊ֮أҲ½һأΪĵɽ֮ϵĽ֮ǿʹǵҲ޷Ƕ
Ҷ΢΢üΪҹ汾Ů˵Ǹ汾̫һȻڵŮİ汾ǵߣôҲһɷ֮ˣ½ʲôԷ϶飡
ûȤȥ˽⵱飬ʣǺӽͼ֮أ
ֻпܣ
ҹƵпǺӽͼڵĵطΪ޼ҲǿǰҪǺӽͼΪһõ˵Ϳƿ½֮ϵ֮Ȼ뿪ǣû˵õ
Ҷ΢΢ͷΣҶȥһˣ
ҹԥһ£Ȼ˽磬ΪǺӽͼ
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СæͷֻҪɣѾǳˡ
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ԣСʱתͷһҹƣȻתͷҶһɵģ˵һӡ
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ҹƶҶ΢΢һȻСת߳˴ҹƸȥ˪й߽˴ڡ
ҶŮߵҶǰȻóһöָݸҶҶ˶ԷһۣûáһĻ˪ɫһ䣬˪æ㣬˺òãǲ㲻ԣĶҡ
ҶЦЦӹָ˪ĻС𣿡˵һ֮£ʹգԼˣн١
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ԭԭô˪
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˪Сһ죬˭㵱ôңһװţ
ʱҿɲװ
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ҶЦЦãԺǲôҪʲô£ҹҲֱҡ
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Ҷÿȹ̸֮⣬Ľٽٽ罣⡣رٽٽ罣⣬ռһ˲ɱ˵ǿĵˡУܹвߵģ
رٽ罣⣬ڣδùĽٽ磬Ѿٽ磬⾳ϣȻٽ磬
Ȼڻٽ⾳еΣգãڽٽ⾳ԽΣս͵㣡
ڽЧҶĸоֲܿ
ڽ⾳֮ѡһѡ

һɿֲѹƳǵϿգ
߽٣
ĩճߣ
һƳϿ쳹
ڣڵϵҶ۾Ȼ˰ȻˣǾɣ
˵꣬ҶȻȥ


1175 
Ƴڡ
ѹƳʱ̧ͷʣ뾪֡
ߣ½˵ǽ˵Ĵڣ
ʹۼҶ˵ߣǣڵߣȻǱűܵľη
ŵ£һ۵ӳƳϿգڻӳֺһ⻮Ҷ˻ӵĶ档
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˵Ҷе֧Ȼֻһʥߣ
ĿҶϣǡ
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Ҷ£ҽͶգվһţҶ˻һʧԭأٴγʱѾǻӵǰͬʱ޾⾳˲ǻӣõúϢ΢΢һϣ
˫΢Уû뵽ҶͶ֣Щ⧲ʧȥȻ
ӦվһɫǹУţһ㺮â֣ǹʾһ

ҶĽ뻪ӵĺɫǹһһ̶ļ쳹ʣõ·˲һ
ʣһ˲Ҷ뻪Ӹ˲䵹˽ǧɣ
һ˿أ̧ͷҶҵСơ
ӻδ˵꣬һڳ쳹𣬽ţҶѾǰͬʱһֱüġδǿĽƾѹΧĿռ΢΢Ť
Ҷͱˣһƺâ΢΢һתгǹ͵ش̳ǹ˲䲼ǹӰЩǹӰֱӽҶ
䣡
ӳɣУǹӰɢȥҶ֮УʱҶһѪۡ
һĻƳн˵˵ĶʱһҶǰܣǵĽֲԶ
ҹ˫ֽսҶʤҶ֮ؽ½ͬʱҲ½ʱû˸轣ˣǼʯΪΣΪܹɱ۵ˣ
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Ѫɫ⻹δǴ̱ǵѪζõûɫ䣡Ҵ⣬гǹ͵϶һ
һ֮ռ䶼ĳǹŤ

ǹײռһȻҶԳ󵹷˳ȥȻʱǸյɳȥҶͻȻ˲˻ӵǰȻһƬѪâ˲ǻӣ
Ҳ˻һĨתȻгǹ͵ش̳ǹǹâҶƬѪâһ
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ʣǹâ뽣ʲϽ俪֮ռ䷺һƺޱȣ
侳ȻǿǶڵ߾ǿ˵ȻЩ鷳ҲڴˡϾ侳Ҳֻ൱ڵ߶ѡˣһսҶϳ˺ۡҲòȥҶҪĹ£Ҳ˿ڡ
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ߣ˶꣬սʶҶɱȣҶǿ侳Ѿ䡣ΪǿڣˣȥĴ򷨺ܼ򵥣һǹҲҪһ
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ǹȻҲܹƿҶķǡ
˵ףԼҶϾԼǵߣҶֻһʥߣ
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ȻҶȴԽԽ裬ԽԽһӸӱջˣ
Ϊӹ˼˼ǣˣҶȻռϷ磬һ󣬱Ҷʼѹӣ
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һǿϴЩȻ嶼ֱһ㣡ЩʯǰЩӶɢʱǴһԽУΪʲôΪ˼Һ̨Ӳ
ڽ죬˽Լʵ⣬Ҫĺ̨
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ʱͻȻһţʾһȻҶʷ˿
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ƣ
ɫؿҶУһ˿ãܺãҡ
Ӳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôȻҶȴ˻һѪɫʧԭأ
Ҷ˵ʵûȤӷϻԷҪأ֮ȻأȻУȻǲһˣϻ
սʱҪϻƪˣһǷǳӵģ
ȻǵˣǾ͸ɣ
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Ҷֳ֣ǷһĨҶǰʱǰȻһ̣ȴû֮ǰǰܣǳǹ͵سǰ̳ǹ֮Ŀռֱӱ˺ѿ

һ̣Ҷɫ΢䣬ȴûʱҲˡ͵ѪǰȻѪǰǰʱһɫԲȦӵǰסҶĽ
ΪߣôһĶûУΪ֮ǰĲҪĴ򷨣㣬̫ۣ
£ǹֱӴҶǰû˿⣬ǹֱӴ̴ҶǰһѪҶ󱳼
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ǲ
ӵļֱӱҶӲ


1176 Ҿв㣡
Ӽ򴦣Ѫ
Ӵ󺧣ʱҶȴͻȻҽ͵һգȻֱײϡ
飡
ֱӱҶײص˳ȥշɳȥһ̣ҶٴͶգȻһײϡ
ۣ
һھѪٴεɳȥ
УھѪһΣ˾֮ɫҶⲻҪĴ򷨣һЩˡ
ΪʱǱǹȻҶؿڣ
ҶɫѪ֮лһ˿԰ףȻ˵ļ󡣵ǣҶȴȻ͹ʹ򣬶һ֮ͬǰǰ˻ˣ
һΣЩˣ
Ѿ⣬ȻҶȴٴǰȻѪ
ûһۣһıѹƣֻܱǵߣȻܹ֫ǣҲҪʱİڣҶһʱ䣬˵ֱָۣʱ伸ûУ
ʣ˵Ŀ֮УӽڽڰˣѪ磬ȻˣȴȻǿصֿš
˶ĳ֧Ų˶ˡ
䣡
ʱڱӿһɿֲƣй飬ֱӽǰҶĳɡ
ΪҪطʱȴͻȻתһʧʣţӵңԶʴãܺã֮£Ҽˡ
ˣ
ٴˡ
һ߱ˣ
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㻹ǵĺã
ʱʣҶͻȻ˵һ䣬һֱ̣ӻһû֮С

ʮ֮⣬ӻͷһۣҶû׷һɫЩЩδԼȻᱻһʥȫѹƣ㱻ɱ裡ܴ谡
ʵ֮ôңҪԭԼЩˡһʼܹҶƽȶֶԴôҡûУҲһߣôԴһʥأ
˵ʥߣǰжϵĴڣ
Ȼ̥ˣ
һֻգɱ֣£ȻôģɱҶԺڵߵȦ֮лô죿
ٴתͷһƳǵķһĨţ
˵꣬ת뿪ȻʱͫȻһëը͵תһĳ
תһ̣һѪɫǰ
ͣ
ǵѪɫֱûֱ֮УȻԼ򴦼ӵֱֻӷֳ롣
ʱҶǰ

˫ԲĿѡ
ס֣
ʱһŭԶռ䴫δŭȴҶΧռһҼ
һߣ
ȻҶȴüͷûһ£еĽһͣٶûУֱûӵüġ
ͣ
һѪԺͫȻһһ̣ɫʻɢͬʱһɿֲͬһڱӿԲ˲ԣ֮С
ʱҶǰС˴ȻһЩʱһûС׵СС
ԽԽûСУС׵Խİˡ
ܿ죬СգС״˸ãȻתûҶǰ
ҶסǻǰĳǹγųǹγѪʱǰȻûеѪ֮СγǹҶԭֱӵһ׼۽׵ģ
ţĿ⿴Զʬ壬һӣϴöɽۿͻȻɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻһӣʬɽȫţתԶԶռһȻռ仺˺ѿһ۵˳
Ӹ֮ǰҶɱӳЩơ
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˵⣬ҶͻȻˣǣһΪǱרɱĩճǵˣֱĩճΪֹˣ㡣Ҳһɱ㣬ǵҵأߵأ
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ҶǷһĨЦΣȥƳɱˣȥĩճɱˡνģ㿴ɱѾ޾֪ɱ˶ɱŵ޾𣿿϶ĩճǵ˻Ҫ࣡ԣҪĻνģһ˶ѣĲں
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£ָһ㣬ռһţһ㺮âڳ֣ɲǼ䣬ɭܿռֶҶȥ
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ǲ뿴˵ʲô̶ȣȻɱңŻӣҶЦ
ӿҶû˵ʱҶֵʵ˵ȷʵᣬҪǾȫ϶кܴʻɱҡǣ㲻ң㲻ᡣƳǵˣ˵ʱһʱǣĩճǿǼҴҵ𣿡
ӿҶƬ̣ǷһĨ˵ô࣬ô࣬Ŀʵ뱣Ƴǣ˵ûɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ̧ͷӣȻѾʶƣΪβأҪ֪ҪƳǣ顣Ҫĩճǣʱڿ²СĩճԺɾҪѹˣΪһȵߵǿ߻ʱʱ̿ڰǣ
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˵ţҶһӣǵ߿ܳҹƵǰֵѾӴ˿ҲڵʱƳǡ֮⣬вߣն࣡
ҹƿһǵ߿ܣһȻýʧڣҪǮǮҪˣⲿΣҲʱ˵չֽŵʱ
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ҹ΢΢ͷģ֮£һᴦáԼౣؾͿɣ
ҶЦЦģûôģûʲôˣȥɣ
ҹƶҶ΢΢һȻתǵ߿뿪˴
ҹߺҶڵأڽ״ָ̬Ȼ뿪Ƴǡ
Ƴ⣬ԶƳǣҶĬãһ洴һҲú÷չһһսõ֪ƾˣвͨġȻֻǹһˣͬңһǣ޹ҵĻһˣʵҲȫˣ
ǣһˣ
ڣ̫̫ǣ¹ԺƺԺǵŮ뽨һ֧ǿ½պúʣΪûֻҪϾʯͿԿһǿ߳
һᣡ
ˣ
ҶǷһĨЦݣȻתҪȥͻȻüͷ΢壬ɨһΧ΢΢ԥһʧԭأ֮صķȥ
Ҷ뿪úһӳҶԭվλá
ӿҶʧλãݡ衭ħѪֻΪθܲħѪǼ֮ˣûмħѪ֮ա
˵꣬һʧԭء


1181 ޳ʥ
ںʧԭغҶֳ֮ǰվλá
֮ǰվλãҶɫءԷǿǳǿ˵ĿǰŮ֮ǿˡʵʵ͸ΪԷһϢûУСԼֲˣ
ûг֣Ϊûио⡣ʱҲкΪԼСȻܲԷϢǺʣµˣǵߣ
ֻ벻׵ǶԷΪҪ
ѵĳԼ츳ҪԼΪ洫ӣ
ԭأҶðͷܿ죬ҡҡͷһʧԭء
ɽ
ɽ˵½һأ˵⴦ΣգǶŵط½˶Ĵ澴ηʹЩޱǿǿɽҲƻطΪʲôΪɽλ޼½Ѿˣ
½֮Իڣǽ޼Լģ
ΪѾ뿪½½ΣʱȫԲûģˣ
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ˣɽΪ½һء
ڻδżʱҶԶԶ͸ܵһĽ⣬ܵɽʱҶüͷʱ⽣⣬Ľⶼͬ⽣ⲻһ
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һᣬҶԶԶһƵɽ壬ԶԶȥɽһֱ񷣡
ɽ
ҶûڷˣͣΪѾżķΧⲻص㣬صҹԣ˽⣬ڼɣҪЩˡȻ壬ҲʵûҪ鷳
Ҷɨһܣ֣ұ֮һȺˣԼʮˣŮҶǽޣҶЩ𾪵Щ˾Ȼǰ벽޾⣡
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ʱһЩͺͷһҶǰһҶЦҲǽޣ
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Ȼǽ޹
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ͺͷӿһҶЩȣѵΪ˳ʥģ˵㲻֪ʥ
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ҶЦЦȻ˵ţָһһƽֶָ
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ͺͷһ˿ӣǳݣ꽣޼ǰһ֮½Ϊ֮ԼԺÿһ½ǿĽ޶ǰʥΪ޼ǰ½ǽ޻½𾴡ϧ
˵⣬ͺͷӵһ̾һԵһȹŮͻȻϧ޼ǰ֮½޴Ӵһ겻񣬼ʹǽ޼ǰĵͳ񹬣Ҳû䣬ȻʧʷС
˻ģҶʡ
ȹŮӿһҶû˵
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Ҷ˵ͷȷʵɱʵǿ۹ܶʱ򶼲ǱػģĶԼڲڶͺñȰ¹Ժһڶֱð¹Ժʧ
ͺͷӵһ̾Ȼ˵ˡˣҽлÿգԱλӽҸ㣬ĺܣû׼ֱܹ̤޾⣡ֻǡ˵⣬ͺͷӵе㲻㣬
ҶһЩ⣬ԷòֻǴԸ䣬ûʲôİ
ˣֵʲôʱÿͻȻʡ
Ҷ˵ʱͻȻѾһ죬Ҷǲˣ
ҶʶԼԼҪЩ£
ʱǻÿյ˵ͷӦǲˣ
Ҷԥһ£ȻʣΪʲôǾӦҪУʶҶ
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ҶסʱǻÿҲȷʵʥҿҼҪҪ£
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ʱһһĺ̲ס˼ܹʥնۣأѾǰۣǼߣҲֻܵķݰɣ
ַ㹷ƨ
ÿŭӿֵ߽ģֵģ
żܣҲнֵĻû˵ַĺӵ

ÿͻȻóһַַָҪȰŪ£֪ʲôĽޣ
ǼްɣַЦǱȼַϲ磬ңڳλϲ磡
̵ģ
ÿɫͨ죬Ҫ֣ʱͻȻ˵м䣬Ҫȣᳯʥʱеıȣڴʲô򣿡
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ÿպһҲûڶ֡ʱҶʣ֮ǰܳҶ
ÿյ˵ͷɱ˵ߣýһٴ𾪴½ΪޣȻǣȻμӳʥʥнʥ飬Ϊ޶Խ޼ǰľ⣬ǣȴ
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1182 ʮȡҶͷ
ŻÿյһᣬҶ׻ÿյνĳʥʲô˼ˡ
νĳʥʩչԼĽ⣬Ȼɽȥܼ򵥣ʵһ㶼򵥡
ô˵ûдﵽ벽޾Ľߣ߲һӣ
ʹǳЩﵽ벽޾Ľޣ˲ʱ󶼿ʼˡ
ҶɫصġĽ⣬ǳĽ֮⣬ÿһ޵Ľⶼߣâ¶ǽ޵ҶĽⶼģǣĽͺñСˣ
ң⽣֮л̺һΨҶİļµ
ţԼһʱ󣬼ʹ޾ⶼоЩˡ
Ҷɨһۣ˵ʱɰͷ½ܳһЩޣЩ˵ȷʵǿΪԸоǳˣȴûһѡɫԽȡ
ޣȻӦǿǿ
Ҷ֣ʵΪɫ˾ǻÿգַ֮УΪɫҶһǻÿ˵ûŮ˵Ľ˵Ѿﵽ벽޾۷ˡ
˵˵İ벽޾޾֮仹ֻŵĻŮ˵Ľ޾ֻһűֽ
ԵֻҪһ㣬ֽͻƣ
ʱͻȻתͷһҶҶɫƽƺûʲôܵӰ죬һĨ졣һҶջĿ⣬Ȼӿ˽Ų
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ҶɨһۣȻҲʼӿŲ
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ԽԽΪеĽԽǿལɫѾʼ԰ףǵǷ·ѹһɽһ㣬Щٲά裡
ǼʹˣߵڣȻû˷
ĻˣȻҲҶ˱ˣҪһЩرȻѾֳЩ飬ɫȴȻƽŲҲ֮ǰǰƽȡ֮ܶӿʼڣȻһ״̬
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Ҷ̧ͷһԶɽɽţٻһǧɵľ롣
ͻȻתͷʱԷҲڿ΢΢ͷȻԷȴϰͷת˹ȥȻּӿٶȡ
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һȫ½˵κһߵıԶ䣬䣬Ǵã
˵⣬½˶٣ȻֵȻҿ϶䣡


1183 ɽĽ⣡
½Ļֱ飬찡
ˣͲܵ͵һ𣿡ÿտŶ½
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΢΢ͷȻûǾͼɣ
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ÿտһ۶½߰ɣţƤʦǿţ˺ֵز
˵꣬ȶ½ػת
ַһ۶½ȻҲȥһԵҶҲԣû̫ȤȤɽɽûǺӽͼǺӽͼ޴󣬸н֮أõ
½һˣһȻ˲ӣٶȼ죬һ¾ǰ档ȻӦ·׷׼ӿŲرǻÿַ˴ʱ͸зһŲɿ졣
ҶЦЦȻҲӿ˽Ų
һʼҶܹǰŲľ룬ţֳˡԽԽ󣬼ǿšܹȻƽٶȵģֻǶ½ҶԼַÿա
Ҷж½ãַÿҲЩԲˡ
ɽԽǽ޼ĽԽֲڣϸоѹʮɽһ㣬ÿһңΧЩ֮еҲԽԽǿ˶ֵס
ҶüͷΪɽڣɱ⡭Ǿȣȵǣ˽̺֮һ˿ʵζָоԽǰߣԽŨҡ
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Ҷ̧ͷɽǵǽ޼
ңҲˣ
ʱͻȻһתȥֻһ굥ϥ˵ϣڴڴš
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˼ǰɫһɣȻ˵ϣȫһɡ
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ӣҶԥ£Ȼһԣô𣿡
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ɫЩѿȴûΪȷʵˡ
ҶָָԶˣҶܹ֣ȴ㣬ܵõҵϿˡֱԣţֻҪһʵˣͲȥύһԷˣȥءһʵΪ磬ʵܵõأ
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˵ʲôҶȴǴĻֵϣԼһӶֻǰ벽޾𣿡
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ҶǣһϲԷˣܹﵽ޾ˡֱԣȻҶǰ벽޾⣬Ľ̫̫࣬㲻ȥŬȥ֣ȥı䣬һӶǰ벽޾⣡
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ҶЦЦָˣʵһʱ𡣿ԷидΪڽʱʱҲǣһʲôʵΪ磬ûǿʵʱȥİ
̫ף̫ѡˣܶʱ͸ñԼһѡһԼĻ֣ᷢԼԭԼĻҪ㣡ͺñ˶ֻǿȴ֪ھܹ˵ʹ໻ġЩʹܹ࣬ǿȻǲܵġ
ӵ۵ڵʥߣҶһֱڲϱԼ
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˽⿹ס｣ı֣
Χ˵ĽŲҲˣһҪϰϢʱ䡣ҶЩǾȻûһ˷֮ǰˣʱ˶ҧ֧ţе۾ѾѪ˿
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Щˣܲ
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ʱв֪˭ͻȻ˵һ䣬̧ͷȥֻԶǹ¶Ѿϳɵľ롣
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ʱٶԽԽ죬Ƕ½֮ľҲԽԽиϳļ
׷Ҹϣܿɽɽ£˸ɽһ̣һɿֲѹһѹֱӽ˸䵽˵档
ۣ
ۣ
ͬʱһھѪҲֱӹȥӲסˡ
̧ͷȥнźɫһֳ̣ȥ֮ǰǰ㣬ֱӱѹ
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ַ˵ͷʷܹɽģܴﵽɽģδйģҲֻǳɵľѣ
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½һЦţһɿֲĽڱӿɽֱֺӱĳʮ
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ȫס
½һԾֱɽԾɺת·ˣ޾⣡˵ţһһָˣҶ½޾⣡


1184 ǵػٵأ죡
ɻ֮У
޾⣬벽޾һΡ޿ձԼĶֵĽ⣬Ҳ˵ǰ벽޾˶Զ½첻вǲý߽һ޲ʹý뽣ǻǽ
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ԣÿյɫѿ
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ʵ޾Ҳûʲô˲ġ
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ˣÿշ˷ۣȻҶ

ʱ½ͻȻЦЦƬ̣Ҷ֪ղ˵⻰ⱲЦЦĺܺЦڻЦ
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ǲ֪Ҷǰ
Ҷûйܶ½תͷˣ޾˲𣿡˵⣬Ҷ˻ش𣬵ָɽ޾һ㶼˲𣬿𣿼ʹﵽ޼̶ֳȣȻɱԣǾ޾˲𣿡
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ʱҶΪ͵һһǶ½ɫһ䣬û뵽ҶȻ֣ȻЩ⧲ӦȴǲָһһҶĽһ
䣡
һըڳ˵Ŀ֮УǶ½˽ʮɣ½̧ͷҶдһ˿𾪣û뵽ԼȻһ޸ˡ
·Ҳס˿Ҷʱд棬һ˿ŭ
㾹Ȼﶯ֣һԣһЩŭż½еĽأرǶǽ˵ˣκǿ߶ﶯ֣ڽޣ͸ûˡΪﶯ֣ǿǲؽ޼
ҶûйǽޣתͷһֵĶ½붯֣ԣõȵе˵˵֮顣Ҿ㣬ҪҴ˵һʶ㡣
½ɫһѿЦЦ˵˵Ҷ½ǻ˵ԵĻġ
ҶӶ½תͷ·ˣﶯ֣Ǻܷŭ⣬Ϊ𾴽޼Ҳֵ𾴡ǣҪǣǲھη
𣿡·ÿյ
Ȼ𣡡
ҶǾηǱʶԼһӴﲻָ߶ȣ߾ܹﵽǸ߶ȾͺáǵУһɽһ޷ԽĸɽԲԣ
⣿ÿʡ
ҶЦȻ⣬ҸǣУһ޷ԽĸɽǾԶֻɾͣ˵⣬ҶͻȻָһԵĶ½֪Ϊʲôܹﵽ޾֪Ϊʲôǿ𣿡
˳Ĭ
½һҶû˵
ҶҿҸ˿ڣδ޼ʱʱ̶̿Ž޼㲻ʲôһҪԽȻţ˵Դ󣬵ǣԱУ޼һԽĸɽ½̤ʯأ
ˣ
½ֿһҶȻû˵
Ҷɨһۣߣη޾塣ηεٽ۷壿
ɳĬȴǽˡ
ʱҶֵǿԾˣأ죬ǣǲηˣηأη죡ߣֻҪ֣ηһУֻҪߣɱɱˣǵػٵأ죡
˻ǳĬȴǶǰδйɫʡ
ҶָɽֵΪ½ǸþǣǲӦΪԼħôǿΪʲôˣ˭ֱ˭ˣǾԼ𣿷ҲԼУǳҪԽˣ
˵ĺãʱ·ַͻȻҶ˵ûЩ˶Ѿħϣϧǻ֪ޣη޾壬ǣȴηһȥˣ̬ܹﵽ޾⣿
ԣ
һԵĻÿҲЩǰ׻ˣ̵ģ˵ôûﵽ޾⣬ԭô£ҪףڿѾ޾֮ˡ
㲻ַһۻÿա
ԣ϶ʱֳһĨЦݡ
ҶҲһЦҲڷϻתͷһԵĶ½㲻ҪڣǾȱȡ
ôȣ½ʾ
Ҷ̧ͷɽ˭ߵĸԶΣ
עǸղǸ½
Ҷ˵ͷ
ʼ½
ҶЦЦʼ
£˵Ŀ֮УҶ½һɽȥ
Ȼʯˡ


1185 زܳУ첻裡
Ϊʲô
ΪҶٶȿ죬̫죡˵½ܣҶڷɡϢʱ䣬Ҷֱӽ½˦˽ɣ
ɣ
ڱȣ۸ˣ
Ƕ½ͣԶҶš
·Ҳˡ
޾⣬Ϊβô
е뷨
ҶĽȻֻ޾⣬Ľ޾۷彣⣬˵޾ȶ½Ҫǿ̫̫࣬ڼ侳½ôȵϣ͸˵޾ɱ뽣ˡ
޾ɱ⻹н򣬹ƾ˦½ˣ
½ҶãһĨһ׷˹ȥ
ɽ£ϷҶ½Ƭ̺ҲһɽǺüȥֱӱ
ûз
һһϳ壬ѾһĨɺ죬ǣûзˣ塣
ڣ֪ʧ˶ٴκ󡭡
䣡
һɿֲĽͻȻڱӿɽӿվȽŲûڱˡ
޾⣡
һƬȻ
ĨĨǵѪУ˷ܻһ˿ȡûͣһϷҶ½׷ȥ
ɽ£ÿպ˹ȻҲԣ
ַ˫ֽɽϵҶ˰ΣȻתͷʻÿգΪʲôǿԣǾͲԣ
ÿ죬ҲҲǸɶ԰ΪʲôǿԣǲԣӲ
ϣַʡ
ÿһϾϣ
˭˭ӣַ
㰡
ÿ£һϳȥַҲ˹ȥû⣬ֱӱǣ˲ûзּϳ塣һһ顭
ܿ죬ԽԽĽ޿ʼϳ壬Ȼһһαûз
ɽ£һ޽һɽϳ壬⸱Ϊ׳ۣӦ˵ңΪеıɽĽȥ󣬼ǱˡʹˣȻû˷һνһϳ塣
Ϊʲô˿ԣԼԣ
Щдʱ뷨ܹﵽ벽޾Ľޣ츳ô˵˵츳Ҷ֮ϣǣȴȱҶֺݾ
һˣԼݣԲһӹˡ
ɽϣҶٶԽԽ죬һӣҶѾ˶½ɵľ룬ٶ˿ûмɱ֮ǰٶȡĶ½ٶȽĿһֱԶԽԽԶҶУûţеֻкɫ
ٶԽԽ죬Ҫ׷϶½ĿҲڶҶͬǺɫ
Զ½ĸ˵ô׷䣿
ǣٶȴԽԽҶٶȲûԽԽļ
ÿյˡ
ھʧ֮󣬻ÿַм޿ʼܹɽ߼ˡǣû߳پֱȥȻˣǣԽˡΪ֮ǰǸûҪɽ
ΪǿԼ̫϶ϲڣܹˡܹһܹһξ룡
һ̣һǲУ֮ǰԼԼУ˵УһֱԼ罣޼ˣ˿սͷ
ԼԼڽ֮һԼΪԽĸɽ̬֮£γɳ
ͨͷͨ
ܹ㣡
ÿյһһϳ壬ȻȻȥǣȴɽߵĸ
ս߰
ɽϣҶѾ½˦˽ٶɣٶȻûڶ½ʱѾûܵģߵģߵٶԽԽԽߣǹɽѹԽأʱʹǵ޾ⶼѾ޷סˡ
ܿ죬˶½
˭½ҶıӰʡ
ԶҶıӰһΪǽˡʱȻϳҶݡҶʥ߾޾⣬⻹𡭡
Ҷ½ʡ
ûڻش𣬶Ųһһš
½Ҳû˵ߡ
ԼһӺͻȻɽϴһը죬½̧ͷȥֻɽɽҶͻȻ׹£һ׹ֱ׹Ƕ˵סһ̣Ҷȴҽ͵һ̤Ȼ˻һ⳯ϱȥ
Ϳ쵽ǰɽʱһɿֲĽɽҶײһ
䣡
һɽ𣬺ܿ죬ɽǹɽֱӱҶޣҶһȥǣҶٶȴΪɽʱ޿̶ŽⲻϵѹͣЪٲˮһ㣡
ǣҶȴӲסˣϣ
½Ҳ˰ɽûмˡ
һˮ롣½
˵ͷߣǻΣգⲻص㣬صĽѾܹ⡣ϳ壬ǲηǽ
˵ܹɽ𣿡½ʡ
ҡҡͷ֪
½΢΢ͷ˵ֻĿһֱԶһֱߵҶ
ҲˣĿҶҪ֪λͻȻնţжǿ
ʱҶüͷҲΪ֣ܵĽѾ޾ǿ˲֪٣Լƾ޾޷ڵĽ⡣ڣɽɽٻǧɵľ룡
⽣޼Ľ⣬ĻҪǿ
Ҷһתҽ͵һ̤˵һʼҶ񣬵Ǻܿ죬ҶٶһԼٶϢҶȫţŲ
ƣ
Ҷһŭ޾ɱ̰ӿҶ޾޾ɱӿٶȼӿ࣬һͳ˽ǧɣٶȻԽԽ졣
һĻ·Ķ½ֱӴס
޾⾳ң۷壡
ѹʥ߾նۡԶһɺâҶ૵
ԣ½ţʧ⾳ѽ
ܿ죬ҶǧɺͻȻͣΪǰԶһ⽣۶ɵĽ
Ҷ˫΢Уһ̣Ų˹ȥȻߵǱ⽣ǰʮʱ޾ֱӿڣţ޾ɱҲӿڣ
Ҷͫһһ̣͵ؽ޾ɱ޾ӿ⣬ǣ⾳һ⣬ֱڡ
èһ㡭
˽⣬زܳУ첻裬·ͷˡ
ʱһͻȻҶС


1186 ģη
Ҷתͷȥֻһͷ˲Զ
֮˵ݣΪͷȫؤͷҵûϴһ㡣Ҷͷ俴һۣһ
ˡ
ͷߵҶǰһҶȷʵɱǸӣϧǾһ㡣
ǰǣҶʡ
һͷˣ
ͷ˰֣ܵѾܲˡǰ棬ͲҪڼˡߣܾҪˡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ͷҶҪףⲻǽ޼ǰ飬ⱾܵڻߣὫ㵱ǵˡ˵ţԶǱ⽣⽣˽޼ǰΪľֹ˼ǰ
Ҷ⡣
ͷ̧ͷɽ˾Ƶһһ棬ҲоˡĽ֮гɱ⣬вʡЩʵǵ޼ǰĸһֽ⸺ЩĽǰ˵㣬ǵ߶ᱻֱնɱ㣬Ǿ͸˵ˣ
ҶĬ֪ԷŻΪǰ⽣Ѿȵ߻ǿˡʹǵߵƣҲõ޾ⲻҶԿڣ޾⾳Ȼ⽣⣡
ͷ˼⽣֮Ľ⣬Ŀֲ
ĬƬ̣Ҷͷǰ˵һǰһһ˭е棡
ͷָָԶ㿴
Ҷ˳ͷָȥڲԶһʯʯ֮ϣһ֣֣ҶͫȻһ
ʯͷдţе˼
ּʶּ֮У̺Ľ⣬Ϥ
ǽʦңµģ
ңӣ
ˣȻʶģҲܵԷߴ½磬ŶԷĴ˵û뵽ԷȻ½
𣿡
ʱͻȻǿʯͷΪĽڣˣΧ޼ǰĽܿû뵽½Խ޼ǰ֮󣬻ֹ˿ֲĽǿߣֻǣΪδδ
ҶĬãȻһߣȻǰʵҿѾﵽһֲܿĵزֻǣѵǰʵ޷Ƕ𣿡
Ƕʲô
ЦһȻɽⶼ޷ﵽǶкã
ҶĬ
ȥɣ
߻˻֣½һŲףĪҪڴ˴ﵽ֮󣬻߽ٴ֮ԡ
޾֮ʲôҶͻȻʡ
֪
ߵֻ֪ҲֻǴﵽ
Ҷ֪Է˵ң뽣޼
߰ɣ
߻˻֣Ȼתһȥ
о仰˵
ʱҶȻ
תҶҶޣӦ;ǿǿǰ˵أ
Ҷ˵꣬ЦЦȻǱ⽣ȥҵĽɱⲻ⽣֪ôĲ⽣жǿ󣬶ԭҽɱ⾹Ȼô
𣿡ʡ
Ȼ𣡡
ҶߵǱ⽣ǰͣȻ⽣εǿоͻη˿̵ǰ㣬У޼ǰĽһԽĸɽԣȥǿĽ⣬ֻ￴⽣ÿոп̾Ϣû´ɣ
˵⣬ҶתͷߣǰͣϣԼﵽ⽣ĸ߶ȣǣⲻ֪⽣Ѿǰħ
߿ҶĬ
Ҷתͷǰ⽣ұޣֳֽηأη죡ηߣ޵У
˵꣬һĨɫҶһţ޾޾ɱڱӿȻ⾳ӿ⣬ͬèһӿҶڡҶǰǱ⽣ȴδ
ǿأҶЦ
ʱߵҶԲԶСӣ˵Ļܶԡǣܵɽ⣬޾ܹġĽɱⲢǣɽⲻһġǺãԴ󣡡
ҶЦЦǰΪ⣿
ߵĽϣʵ޵Э⣬ڡ翣ǣﵽһ̶Ⱥ㲻ܹܹܵǱԴһ죬ԴеĽӵнĽޣеĽͲĴڡ
Ҷ˵ͷǰԽһ£Ϊޣ
ֳֽߣޣߴ
ҪһĽޣҶʡ
߿ҶΣȻͨͨη޾ߣǹϷ𣿡
Ҷһգһ⽣У֮ǰǰ㣬Ǳ⽣ճ־ֱʧҶԼְΣȻתͷߣǰڽҸߣʣʱҵĽⲻһսһһ𣿡
סⲻһսҲ˵û˽Ľ޻ǽ𣿽֮ǿΪΣΪнĴڡҶڰʥܹɱۣʲô⣬н⡣ΪʵȻĽ޷вǿߣ
˵֮ôǿнռ˺ܴһֵĹͣ
ڣⲻһս⽣޻һ
˫ֻգþδع
Ҷֵ˵ǽ֮ǿΪ˽⣬Ҳ˵ǵĸڣȴһսǰʶ㣬ָָܷΣ
ҶһϲߴˣʱȷʵЩãΪĽδֹһսڶԷǰζҡδһԼĽɱ
߳ĬãȻСӣ㻹ᣬûҪġ츳պδزܴﵽ޾֮ϡģϷ츳Ľޣ½˵һʧ
ǰҲû취𣿡
ҶһȻǰҲûа취ǾͰԼİ취ɡ
ʲô˫΢С
ҶǰǱ⽣գ˽裬ҾͻħԣΣҲйȥȻҲһʱһӡ
˵ҶжȻѪһƬҶηأη죬ηκˣȻҵĽη壬ҶɲҪ⽣⣡ģη
£Ҷ϶Ȼӿһɵػâ
ȼս⣡
Ҷȼ޾⣡
һԣ˫ԲؿһĻ㣬ˣ
û뵽ҶȻȼ޾⣡ֻΪ޾η壬ȼս⡭ˣ
Ҷûߣ޾ȼա
ܿ졣
벽޾
׽⡭
ء
ء



1187 ָ𣬻ּ
Ҷ˫΢գȼա
ȼս⣬ǳ嶯֮ǣǣֹ֪һӶڽһңԼصĽҲ˲ˣԲˣΪǰһҲΪĽģ
ȻһֱصĽ޵ηǳΪһ̸

ڣ
ҶһҲûкڣηǽηȻˣǾͲҪ⽣⣡
һԣǱǰҶ𺳵ˡ
һԲϾȼս⡭̫ˡ޾Ⱑܹﵽ޾⣬ҪжٻԵԶٿܹﵽİȻڣôûˣ
ջĿ⣬ҡҡͷϧˣϧˣ
һ޾ôˡûнĽޣ㽣ޣս»һͨߡ
ܿ죬ҶĽȼյһأҶڼ
ֹƬ֮ҶĽѾȫʧڽ⳹ʧһ̣Ҷһɣɫ԰ޱȣȴǴһ˿Ц⡣
ϧˣ
ʱҡҡͷȻתͷ뿪ȻʱǱҶǰ⽣ͻȻ͸ܿ죬Ǳ⽣ɢ˿С
һĻҶ߶סˡ
ȻʱΧĽͻȻҶӿȥһʼֻҶΧĽ⣬ԽԽĽⲻϳҶӿȥ
һԣͷԭء
Ϊ֣һ̣֮صĽȫҶ
ҶҲסЩȫӿ֮ûиܵʲôⶼûиܵ͸ƽһ
Сӣ۸ܣǽ޼ǰ⣬޾֮ϵĽ⣬Ҫǿڣ϶㣡һԣͻȻڡ

ԣҶͫһûԥ˫ۻϣΧЩԴԴϵӿڡ
һԣ߿Ҷһ˿˷뼤Ϊܻۼ޾֮ϵĽ⵮ǣиǿɬįһֱΪǱ⽣ǽ޼赲ɽģǣˡ
Ǳ⽣ģ
ʲôģη
֪֪ǰʮϸˡ
ѵԼ֮һ궼磿
гһ˿ãȻ
һԣҶ˫΢գسӿȥЩڴһԺִ˳ûãЩĽ³ӿȥܶʼѭ
ɽ£½лÿյȫ̧ͷɽĿ֮УǾΪΧЩҲȫڳɽӿȥ
ô£
Ǵʱ˵ʡ
֮ؽͻ䶯̫ˣһᣬǿ˷Щǿߣеǰۣǵߣ
֮⣬κ˵ҿɽǧڣ߸ʶɨɽߣ
ʱһɭɽԶԶɢȥ
˵ߣĿɨܣ͸Ŵ۷âڲ֮ǰǰʱͻȻһĨâ
ָһתȻԶһָָǱֱӻһ

ǧ⣬һҽһ̣ǵָ㣬ǽ񹬵ˡ
ڸҿɱ㣡俴˶Էһۡ
ǵûлӦˡ
֮ΧЩԵ˶ʱҲе뷨
񹬣
޼㽣񹬵ģȻѾʧǣ½һȻû˸ӣңȻʧˣǽ񹬵˿ûʧرЩˣֻҪһ֣Ǿǿߣ
ڳһ
ȻȻɽΪʲô䣬ȴû˸ǰʶ̽ˡ
ɽϣǰҶ˫΢գһʯ
߿Ҷһ˿ӡΪʹҶûͻƽ⣬Ҳ϶о޴ջ
һͻơ
ջĿ⣬̧ͷɽͬŸ֮ɫ
ʱһһȥҶɻڽ˫ۣ֮ǰһǣ˫ֻüͷҲ
Եɫȴǽ޾֮ʲô˵½Ľ޶档
ǳɹʧܣ
תȥҶڽ˫ۣ֮صЩȻܶʼӿȻ⡣
ĳһ̣ҶͻȻ۾
ۺڵЩʱһΣЩûӿȫع鵽ԭλܿ죬֮ػָǰ㡣
ɹˣһԣЩŵʡ
Ҷûлش𣬶ֱ˫ۣһվͱ˽һʱҶתͷߣʵ޴ڡ
˵ţתͷһ㣬ţ߾Ŀ֮Уһ⽣Ҷǰ⽣ǸղǱ⽣ǣȴǸ֮ǰǱ⽣ĸо
ɹˣ
߳Ŀ⿴ҶǸӣȴǿɬԼȼս⣬ǣܿ޴ͷΪô
޼ȫ򵥵ķʽߺˣûУΪʲô˽𣿲Ҫ˽Ͳ⽣ˡ֮ôΪ֮ϣҪǿĸ򣬲Ǳ˸㣬ҪԼ
ܶ飬˵ܼ򵥣ȥҲȷʵô£ǵԼʱŻ֣ᷢԭһҲ򵥡

ĵ򣬲ſͻ޾⣬èֻ
һԣҶֻ˫ۣʱ䣬⽣޼Ҫʲôˡԭ޾⣬ѾܹﵽĽļޣͺñȣһװˮǶˮ㲻һȥװһˮˮ
ﵽ޺ô죿
ǾԼΪһ󺣣һװľͲһˮһƬ
ҪԼΪһ󺣣ǾҪƶҲǻٵӡޡڣĽѾǴԼڷǡֻҪԸ⣬޴ڣô˵۳⽣ȵ۽Ҫǿ
Խ޵ĽѹƣǾ͸ֲˡ
ڣ۳⽣ٸ½Ҳκβá˵½Ե߶κβáǶԷʩչ뽣⣬ȻԷﵽ֮ϣҲܹѹԷ
ѹƣ
֮ǰ޼ѹƵ
Ҷ۾׼ǰߣͻȻתͷһԵߣǰǹһˣ
ߵ˵ͷô
Ҷ֪ǰԸƳǾססǰ׿ǰֽֽ̣
߿һҶСӾͱĨˡĽ⣬Ѿȫܹѹҡֽֽ̣̲ǡҵǸʲôƳǣϣҸְɡ
ʶƣҶҲΣЦЦˣǰ֮ȴ٣ǰҲˣȻõͻƣǶԽ֪ʶȴǼޡȻǰԸ⣬͵ûᣡ
߿һҶȻ㲻˵ҲġҪͻƣΨиҶΪ｣޼ĽȻ޾֮ϣǣǰһǻŵ޾֮ϣ
ԣҶһϲǰͷǵߣһޣʵһܱȵġĩճھҲþˡȻûжԷҲþ壬ʹĩճҲ壡
ڶ˵һߣָ𣬻ּ


1188 磡
ǰҪȥ𣿡
Ҷָָɽ룬ǰӦúܺɽǡ
߿һɽȻҡҡͷȻҶڣȷʵԸȥǣԼҲһ߰ˣô飿ҪϣҲҪƾԼʵϣǸڱ˺档
Ҷߵ˼Ҳڶ˵ʲô֪ǰγƺ
顣
ߴһҶǴ½ǸĲ˵Ҷɣ
ʥ߾ʵ޾⣬ⲻҶ
ҶûҲûҪµ˵ͷȻȥˡ
ʱͻȻָҶ֮ǰý۳Ǳ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦ룬ԺӦаԣɡ
˵꣬Ҷͣתɽȥ
ҶĻϸֳһĨЦ⣬΢΢ͷһ˿͡ϣ˶ϲ˽ģ˵˽ġˣǼñ˺ãԼľѧѧãҶˡ
ʵҶȷʵһ˽ˣǣ˽ǿʲôʲô¡˶˽ͶԱ˽⽣޼Ϊͻƽ⣬˶ԷĶݣôܲԷ˽ľ񴫳ȥأ
޾֮ϣǱˣĻ˽ĲǱ⽣ΪΣΪһǴ½һ޶޾֮ϡҶû뷨±ǿ߲Żȥ룡
ǿߣԶȥ±ǿ
ɽнǧɡţҶüͷٴ˵ڵĽѾﵽ޾֮ϣӦòھ⽣޼Ľǡǣ֣ڸܵĽ֮ǰܵҪǿ
ҪǣڵĽ֮гɱ⻹вָеɱ޾ɱⲻ֪ǿ˶٣Ӧ˵ûпɱԡǽˣӵ⾳Ҳᱻɱʴ
Щɱɣ
ʱһͻȻҶ

Ҷͣ½Ųԣɱ̫ǿǿ޾ɱⶼֿסЩɱûյԼȥ
СӣСΪɱ¾Խǿɱ˵ԽȻе̫ǿ޴󰭡УҲˡȻһҶûаȫˡ㣬Ĳһǻ
Ҷߣ㲻ϲ𣿡
ϲͷ
ЩŭԼǵĶЩʲôˣһսŮ˳֣㲻Ҫ컹ҪԼ̫֮ΣˣһȫһЩԼȥɡ
ϲɱˣҲҪʲô˰ҶǵĶЩʲôˣǵ߾ۣ֮֮ϵľǿ߶ǡô棬е˲ģȻϣԼܹҶĽŲ
ҶʵԽԽǿˣʲôԶ
Ҷ˵ͷҲڷϻ΢һѪǰʵѪı壬ǰ˵ʵûı壬ֻҪѪʹڡǣȻûб壬ȴʶʶ൱һ˵һ
ԼʶҶɱ¾֮ڣΪвҶڣҶ֮ѾȫûбҪˡΪҶڵʵҪɵĵָ顣Ҫ֪ڵĽ⣬ܹȫѹ޾ɱġҾ͸˵СĶˡ
ʱѪǰѪЩһΪʶ档ǰѪûҶٿأһʹûҶٿҲǿʵȻֻҪǽҪΪýܹӳʵ
ʹǽ飬ûҶܹӳʵҲǼޣ
оΣҶǰҲն죬ʡ
ǿȻûɱ⣬еɱȴǱ޾ɱ⻹ҪǿСӣ֮Ĳܴ󰡣
ܹﵽ۽֮𣿡Ҷʡĵ⡣ܹٴǶ˵һĺ¡
֪԰ɣ
£ҶʱоΧɱȫӿ˹ȥɱգǱѪԽʵˡ
ҶһᣬȻɽȥ
뿴ɽʲôȻҪ뿴ûǺӽͼŮ͵Ŀľõ
ɽȥҶûߵĺܿ죬ڵʵȫ̴ﵽɽģûУǸΧЩ⡣ȻѾﵽ޾֮ϣ֪Լ뽣޼Ľ⻹źܴĲࡣ
ҶδԼ޵еģҲûоԼж˲Ϊϣǿ̫̫ˡ
ڣʹǽ޼Ѿ䲻֪ˣǣȻܹܵԷǿ
һӺҶͣ˽ŲǰԶʯʯ֡Ҷǿʯ
ϰ⣬ʮ꽣Բʮ޾⣬ʮ꣬½һݺ޵֣ʮ꣬⽣½ݺ޵֡ʮ꣬ƿǰʮ꣬ǿջϹŽǿߴУ˺磬Ȼδһܣᡭ
ּжϡ
ҶֻգһƬˮʲôţţ츳⽣޼ǰֻݡΪʱ˼ҾѾ޾ˡ޾ʱ˼Ѿ⽣½ݺ޵ˡ
ʱ½е磬ʱЩţԾҪֲ֪٣Ǹʱ½޵֣ǺεȵĿֲ
Щˡ
Ҷ˵ĸо˱ˣҪ˰
Ҷҡҡͷջ˼Ȼұߵǿʯʯֻһ仰
δһܣûң
Ҷ
ãҶҡҡͷ˵仰ңµġˣһһţʵе棬۷ʱڵң۷ʱڵĽ޼˭һЩ˶ھţҶ˽򣬲ҶڵҶֵǴһǾԺܾʣ
ϧһĻܿˡ
ĬãҶԥ£Ȼ̧ͷԶһʯһУǿʯͷʯԱߣָỮ˼£ǿʯͷʱһʯţҶָϼӣκҶʯϵЦЦȻɽȥ
ɽвɣҶҲżšЩûһй־꣬ĺٹ
Ⱳӣ̫æˣ
ţܿ죬Ҷɽ̤ɽһ̣Ҷסˡ


1189 ָ죬쵱
ĲһɽʲôûУֻڲԶһɫʯ
ʯܸߣɣֻж̶̵һ仰
֪ж𣿡
仰Ҷ˲һƬ˳
Ĭ
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ҶһЩ޼һս߽֣һսˡֻһƷڴ֮ǰ޼޵еģδܹġȻȴǰһƷСܲ
Ȼ϶ֹڴˣΪ޼Ͼһˣʧܶ˵ԲǴ֮䣬϶ʲô˵仰
ҶҲ𺳵ģ߾ǿ˺̶ֳȣһ˵ֻ֪ߺǿӺеŮԼ⽣޼ܿĳǣڶԷжǿ
ûи
Էǿ˺̶ֳȣû취
ãҶҡҡͷ⣬תȥʱԶʯͻȻǲһȻҶ㵵Ŀ֮лޣţһɫҶǰ
Ǻӽͼ
ҶһϲһУǺɫɵС
ɫ־ֱӻһâûҶüģţҶǰһƬڰһת֮Ҷ۾ʱһƬɵ磬ԶվһˣԷˣûпԷ
޼
Ҷ΢΢ü
˼ָһסǿżȻáλǰԣô˼˼䣬´˼У֮мǣϰ˼ش⣬ɡ
ҶԶ˳ԶȥԶʱڣʣΪۻұʿΪԵָ졣˼ǲʣΪŰָ죬쵱𣡡
£ͻȻɽָȻ͵һָʡ
ˣ
һ쳹𣬽ţһ𡣽ƿգҶĿ֮УǵԽԽСӴֵĽڴﵽ֮ȴϸһ廨룬ڱС
Ϣ
䣡
ʴһɲǼ䣬춼ˡܿ죬һãҶصʵ
Ҷɽ˫ۣڻղŵһĻָһնνƣնνҪܹʩչָһȴǲҪֻҪﵽܹʩչ
նνָһĸǿ
ʣնνնν֮ԱָһǿҪԭȻΪ顣뽣ֵʱǿɾ൱뽣ĺһ⽣ǳԽƷ׵ĽָһȴֻǵһŽһ֮۶Ľ
ô˵ۣ֮Ҫ̫󾢣΢΢һָܹöԷʧˡĳ̶ֳ˵ָһ֮۷棬ҪնνӼЧΪնνȻųն죬ǣ֮۶ģָһȴר֮ġ
Ǵ֮УϢУУ󲿷־֮۵㣬ָһרЩġͺñȳԷӾͿˣǣľأҲҲܳԡпӼЧ
ңնνָһһǾʩչնνҪ飬ûн飬ǾûնνǣʩչָһͲҪָһʹᷴɣҲֻѣնνķɡҪģ
նνõģָһõġ
ܵ˵ŽϲϾ֮һֱۣԺ϶кܶá
ûѡɽҶڵأʩչ˽Ȼʼϰָһ
Ϊнڣˣϰκνܹܿ졣ϧǣ⽣ڣҲֻϧǣɽûеõǺӽͼҽ޼ûֻ꣬һӰЩʧ
ʱһһȥɽҶ۾
Ҷֲָʱһɿֲƾն£µɽѿͬʱΧĿռҲ˲ѿҶæɿָɲɽ
ҶԼָЦЦȻɽȥҶһ죬컹գʱԽʵˣеѪõЩļ¡
һĻҶ΢΢ͷܹǾ͸ˡ
ûд죬Ҷߣǽһ顣
һᣬǽ顣
˴Уʡ
Ҷҡҡͷɽֻн޼ǰһŽŽżȻã֮Ϊ괫Ž֮нڽ޼ǰԼĴСʲôҲûС
ϧˣҡҡͷ
ҶЦЦ뵽ʲô飬ԥ£Ȼʵǰ֪Ǻӽͼںδ
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ҶҲµ˵ͷȷʵҪ
鿴ҶãȻʵھõҲá
ΪΣҶ⡣
̧ͷʣ棬صǳȥǳ֮ҲǺӽͼҪǳ֮߶ûǳ֮һҼʹǳ֮ûнȻ޷ʹáЦǣȴǰ̵ȥѰⲻ֪ǵõҲһˡ
ǰ֪Ҷ顣
㻹Ҫ鿴Ҷʡ
Ҷ˵ͷУǳ֮ȳȥ˲ˣܲܳȥǲġǱĴᵣģǣǵ
ãȻǶԷӦòΪģϾҲԷӰɣ٣ôΪġ
ȻʹΪҲ壬ǣУн飬鲻棬һ𶼻еĻк
ⶼСǾ͵ˡ
鿴һҶȷеҲ֪Ҳ²⣬ӦڽַΪ꽣޼ǰ֮󣬽񹬾Ϳʼڶ֮ڶΪṬ֮λ֮⣬Ǻӽͼ󣬽񹬱𡭡ǺӽͼӦڽַ
ǱģҶЩ𾪣˭ģ
ԣ뵽ʲôǼɵһ˿֣ã˫ۣڶ˲ˣǴһҹ֮䣬ϰٽ޵߲ŵӻɢֻһҹ񹬾ʹϳǺǡ
˵⣬̧ͷɽʦ
ԭǰǽ񹬵ˣҶ
ҡҡͷҲǽ񹬵ˣֻǵ뽣񹬣ǻδμӿˣ񹬾ʹ䣬ҲΪˣܻϰڽãƺ޼ΪʦҲΪ
Ҷ˵ͷˡ
鿴ҶһһЩҪҴȥƳǣȸˡ
˵꣬һһĨʧԭء
ߺҶüͷ˭Ľ񹬣һҹߡʵ¿۷ڵĵŮ
Ҷһ½򵥰ΪԼﵽн֮ģ
䣡
ʱһѪͻȻɽϳѪ죬ɲǼ䣬ʮڵ˲һѪ޾ɱ֮ÿһ䡣


1190 Ҷס
ˣ
һĻҶһϲȻǵ۽ףǣ˵Щˡ̫ǿˣʹڣҲáܹԽ۽ףٺòˡ
Ҷȥʱ˫΢У̧ͷȥһѪâɽն
ʲô
Ҷüͷһ壬ָһ㣬һ㽣֣ɲǼ䣬ƬѪâ˲仯ޡ
ʱһѪƿն˲ǰѪҶپԼһƬѪ޾ɱһһĴԣõһ㱣ͬʱ˫ҲɲǼѪһƬ
һ̣Ҷ˫˲ָȻһǱѪ֮ϡ
ˣ
һҶΧĿռʱһҼ
ҶǰѪʱѪ֮ǰѾͬǰѪɫģڵѪǰɫģеɱ֮ǰǿ˲֪ٱʹѾĽⶼܵӰ졣
ɱ
ʱѪ֮ͻȻţѪ͵رһѪɫ⣬ȻȴǱҶָһ㽣˲
Ҷ΢΢һתȻ˫ָסѪ죬㷢ʲô谡㣡
ɱɱˣ
ҵزţһɱҶӿȥҶ·ʲôһ㣬ɱ޷
Ҷüͷ壬֪챻޼ɱӰˡ޼ɱûʶǱʶ˵ʱѪ֮вʶǽ޼ĸʶѾˣܱ޼ĸʶĨɱ
ʶɱǣбǿɱ¾ʶҪĨɱҲǲܣ
ɱ
ʱѪ֮ͻȻһŭѪһȻֱҶָѪֱ룬ҶȥδҶ·ͣסˣΪҶֱסѪһ̣һɽⶸȻӿѪ֮С

ʱѪڴĲҽ
ҶѪһ㣡
ҿŲסˡŭѪ֮д
Ҷüͷ壬İ֪ģĺأԲôġҲǣֻǵ۽ףǽ޼ʲôڣǿǾǿߣǰ㲻ϡʹЩɱֻǽ޼һ㸺Ҳܹշġ
Ĩ޼ɱ⣿
ڵܹǣĻʶҲҪʧΪʱ뽣޼ĸʶѾΪһ
ĬΣҶҵɱ¾֮ģԸ
ΣΣաܣǿһ˿ʹࡣ
ɣҶȻҪ군ˡ
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Ҷ˫ۻϣģڵء
ʱҶЩֲģһѪɱ⻹ͬȪһ㣬һһӿ
츳Ҷǣ־ԼǷǳġ壬ܵʹ࣬һ˾ܲߴ½磬ɫͶǳ٣ΪʲôΪҪԼ޻ҪǿǶҪܷ˵ĥġ
ĥһ˾ԳܲסһܹģǾ־ǳǳ͵ġ
Ҷ֪ǽ޼ĸʶǿǣη塣Էһ㸺ʶηĻľǰ׻ˡ
УҶڵأüͷɣֽ

ɽɽ¡
½˲δȥǶڵȣҶɽ
ɽһֱоĵطΪǿ޼ض˴лʲô
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㷳
ʱһԵַͻȻ仰Ѿ˲һٱˡ㲻Ƕˡ
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ÿûַ죬̧ͷɽǳݣҶԭҶ찡֮ǰȻ˵˵⣬ÿ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬һԵַ⣬֮ǰ˵Ļ˵᲻ǺҰ찡
ˣ
ַһ飬㣿
ÿƳһַ㶮ƨǣ޼ǰ뽣ʧ֮ǽڴ½ĵλΣûеλ½λܹʥնۣǣȴûһǽޣҶǽ½
˳Ĭ
ÿֵ֮ϰ֮ԽԽ٣ΪΣΪûˡȻԻͣûˡҶĳ֣ý޴ӻУҲ˽޽Ϊ˽ӽޡ˵ҳд𣿡
ַһۻÿգû˵дֻ㲻ܵ͵һ㣿ǶѾ֪ˡԣͣ㣡
Ҽ˷ܰҿƲסԼÿտɽͬ˼Ѫһ㡣
ɱһ𣿡
ʱԶĶ½ͻȻҲȥɱһ
㣡
ÿԣָŶ½ǰģܲܲҪ໥˺ˣ
Ϊɱ˵𣿡½ÿա
ÿհ˰֣ã㣬ɱߣ˵㰡˵ɱߣ㲻ҪˡɱߣΣɽ㣿˼ҶѾɽˡأ
ַһۻÿգ˵ίһ㣡
ÿ̯̯֣û취ʵ
ɽ𣿡
ʱ½ͻȻϸɽʲô˲ģ
˵ţ½̧ͷɽǾܿ죬̤Ųɽȥ
ĿҲ˶½ûЦ⣬ǻÿҲǡȻʱ½ͻȻ˻Ȼ첻Ҹϣ
ˣ
½һۣҸһϣ
ÿպ˹ͻȻߵ½ԶȻŶ½΢΢һ񣬵޳ܣһÿոʰ·磡
˵ţÿտһ۶½ֵ㣬ĺǿ󣡡
˿½Ҳдš
½
ʱͻȻ̧ͷɽϿȥһ
Ҷ
һȣʹ侲Ҳ˫ֻ
ܿ죬Ҷ˵ǰҶɨ˳һۣ˵ʱǶ½ͻȻνָҶ֮ǰıԣˡʲôҪ󣬴ᡣڣսֻҪܹסҾ䣡
Ҷ


1191 ʿɱ裡
סȻû뵽½ͻȻսҶ
ҶҲ΢΢һҲû뵽½Ҫսʵ˵֮ǰ½㲻ҪսһỹǿԵģϾ½Ҳ޾⡣ڡ˵һ½һٸ½ûã
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ÿͻȻ½½ˣͽ𣿲ɱ䲻𣬻޴ΪǻẦϾǡ뿴ɱϾǻ˭ͷϣ϶ǰԣҪɱȻɺɱɣ
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ˣ
½ԥһ£Ȼʣʹ޾ĵ뾭飬ҲԸ𣿡
½Ļ˶Ҷ
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Ҷɨ˳һۣ˵ãҽ˿ԣǣһҽˣǴҾͲɢޣһ֯ңҺǻǱĺãҲ뵽ʱҷĿɳ𣡡
ԣ˶ʱЩԥˣǶɢޣɹˣҪƣ˵Щѽܡ
ʱҶֵȻ˲ҶĽˣǴҵĽˣʱǲңսǽˣһʵΪʵǿϴʵУǾСܣԣȫ㱾¡УʱҪ뿪ҾǣֻҪǴڽһգͱҵҪ󣡡
ʵΪ𣡡
ʱ½һʵΪ˭ʵǿ˭ϴû
Ҳûʱÿյˣ˭ʵǿˮϴ󡣻УǽҲŽˣȻ½ûǽ޵ĵλˡ
ǸŽˣַ˵ͷͬ
Ҳû
û


1192 ̫٣
г⣬˶ʾ뽣ˡ
Ҷ˹Ҵ뽣ˡʵ˿ȶ½رѾﵽ޾⣬ǰۣ˵ԷʵȵҲȥ
ƣ½֣кܴɱһߡ
ҶãȻ㴴콣˵Ŀʲô
Ժ֪Ҷ
ڲ˵𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷǲ˵˵ûκ塣
ĬƬ̣ʣʱս
Ҷ˵ͷֻҪԼʵʱԣӮϴȻ㡣ǣ֮ǰҵġ
Ҽ룡
һΣûԥ
ԣҶǷһĨЦݡнһʮ޾½Ͷǰ벽޾⣬ҪЩȫǰۣݺǿҪ֪½¾ųҵǿ޶
ڽ˵ʵѾȫĩճڣǣҶδĩճڵǽ˵Ķ֡Ŀ⣬һֱԶԶ
ϴ޾֮ʲô磿ʱÿͻȻʡ
˶ҶǺġ
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼ֪Ϊʲô֪޾֮ϵľ𣿡
ҡͷ
ҶΪ磬ֻᣬԴû˵٣ΪƶҪƶͱԼҪ򣬶Ǳ㣬Ϊ㣬ֻʵ䷴
ͺñֻоܽûо˸ʲôĶ
ڸЩˣԼûƶľȼս⡭ǻġ
˳ĬҶֵҲ˽ֻǣ˾ֻᣬԴУҲҪøԶ½˹ǶȻ޾⣬ǽȴʵҲȹ̡ҪĲôȥͻ޾⣬ҪôԼжԽĲٿء
ԽĲٿأ½ʣʲô˼
ҶһۣȻһһ⽣УǱ⽣ֺ󣬶½˶ʱɫ䣬׷׳ˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴һƽϢʱʧҲܲĽ⡣
ûϢ½ɫ΢ÿһЩ
Ҷǿţ
Ҷ£˵Ŀ֮УҶǱ⽣ʼСԽԽСһᣬǱ⽣Ѿ˲һ廨С
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Ҷ˵ͷ⽣֮ǰǿ˲֪ٱңԼŨǳΪŨҸϲΪٽ磬ٽ罣⣬ѹһٽ㣬Ȼڱ˵½Ƕϰô˼ǵǶлᵥɱ
˵꣬ҶָһǱ⽣ʱʧֵ˼ҵ֮һһɱǿĽʵ⡣룬κӦöá
˿Ҷжһ˿ŷٽ罣⣬Ҫȵ۽׽ǿ̫̫࣬ҶȴǾ˳ΪǵĻºԼĵϾ˶˽ġ
ʱҶֵ˶˽ģҸǡǣףǴҶ˽Ļǽ˵ĴҲûʲôˡÿ˵ĽͬԼĽ֮·ôã϶ԼĵáڣϣҶԷôȡ̣һɳѾͷڿǡ
Ĭһᣬʱ½Ҫ߳һԵĻÿȴһ죬Ҿǿ⡭
˵һվеڶܿ죬пʼ۽ᡣ
һԣҶһĻǷһĨЦݡã̧ͷʡʵЩĽңӣΪԷһˣ¿ȥԷһӣֻΪ
ҶĽģˡޣԹǿĽ޶׷ֻн׷󽣵¡ˣǿ𣿺ǿңӡһˣرһǳרһ£ǾǷǳֲġ
޵Ĳܱ仰ҲͬġǣҶģбģʲô顱֡
Ҷ֪㣬ǣԶȥΪ˽ն֡Ϊ֮֮ԲŬǿΪʲôΪľػԼˡԼ˶ˣҶ޵Ук壿
ҶĽֻΪ飡
ҪԥΪԼ˷ǣΪ˽ȥԼˣ
ʱҶǰĿռͻȻһúҶüͷתͷ½ˣǽ˵ܲˡ
ܲһ޵Щ⡣
Ҷ˵ͷ˲ֹǣˣǵܲƳǣЩԺڸ˵ڸߣٶ졣ΪԷһһ
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ҹƵ˵ͷĩճǵ̽ڵ̽ӶѾŻĩճƵû´ǿѾ֡Ͼ˵˵ĵ˾ѣ֮䲢ûʲô̫ͻԣֺ
Ϊ֮ǰ֣Ԭ岻⡣
ҹƵ֪⣬ǵ֮ǰǰ˽ַȥģӦþǵߡҲ˵ǸʱǵƳǣ˵ǲѪƴΪϽƳǿ൱ߡڣڵ߹֣Ǿ˾ԵʵѪƴ
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ҶɨԭµһۣȻҡҡͷ̫٣򣡡


1193 Ҿǽѣ
ߣ򡭡
ҶĻԭһ㶣漴ҡͷЦ½ǿܹһ𣿿϶УҿֹܻһоԲҶ
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޼Ҫԣ
ԭѾֵز
ԭҡҡͷԸ㣬ʵҪ֣ߡҪףǳߣΪ㣬Ϊˡգ˭ĩճǶ㲻ɣ
ҶһԭµˣȻʵĲ£ҲûǵǶ֡ȴҪҵ֣ҲɱҲݡ˵ţҶ̯̯֣˫һᣬڣȥ˫ˮˮΣ
ǲȥأԭЦ
ȷҶʡ
ҷǳȷԭֱҶ
Ҷԭ°ΣȻ˵ͷˣϲرǶҵˣȻѡĵˣǽ֮ĩճǻʧնݣó
£Ҷҽ͵һ̤գţҶֱʧԭء
ռһ˲ɱ
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ʹǣҲֻܸܵһҶϢٶȹ켣
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ͣ
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һɱߣ
Уԭµɫ˲䣬ȥһҲš
ҶȴûйǣԼĸСð˳Ȼһ˲ȫӿС׵СС״˸ãԴ˲ҶǰȻתϴųԭµˣ߿С졣
Щ˶Ǵ֮
㣬޾֮ϡԭ¾ؿҶ
Ҷû˵һУǵʬȻҽٴ͵һ̤һ⻹δ֣ԭµ˾ɫ䣬һֲϢڱӿͬʱֳǵܣ߻ó˶ƵԼǰ
ٴУ
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Ȼ͵ΪҶǳʱ֣ҶȴЦЦʲôҾǽѡ
ԣԭɫʱѿȻʱҶȴͻȻٴͶգȻˡ͡һʧԭأٴγʱѾԭԵһǰҶʧһ̾ͫһȻӿǰһ֮ϣͬʱһֲϳϣ
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ʱҶǰСˡҶСԴһӽǵʬȻԭ£һܺ棬Ǿ֮ڻжٵߣ룬Ӧòˣ԰ɣ
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ĩճҲԸǸұ֤뽣ΪУԭҲ
ҶЦЦҸǽǷҪҽȭͷڣҸǽȭͷҪҽǵ֮ǰ˵ĻҸһᣬϧûϧһ飬ȻѾǵˣҶϲնݳ
£Ҷٴʧԭء
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˶ûս⣬ЦҶɱ߰ɱ
Ҷһԭ£ԥһ£תͷĩճˡʩչһռһ˲ɱɱ˭ѡĩճǵˡһ̣Ҷʧԭء
ǧ֮⣬ͣ˿УҶǰԶ
˿˿ԼǰĽȻҶãÿĽ
һˣҶǫ
ϢһϣȻʱСԴȻСһЩδʼھֱӱС׸˽ȥ
һĻҶɫ΢䣬ͻȻ뵽һܣҪСֱӾͿڵ뵽⣬ҶͷƤЩ飬Ϊֲ̫̫ˣҪ֪һߵĸû
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֮ǰһĻǶˡ֮ûҶǳġ
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Ҷһ۶½ˣ΢΢ͷ֮ԲЩ˳ԭܼ򵥣塣ޣǸ߰ģûоԵʵЩǲġңչʵҲһЩСžŵˡ
ڣʱ֪Чܺá

ʱҹƴҶǰȻҶһ֮ǰҶɱһĻǿġ
һ̣ҶѾ
ö񣡡
Ҷ˰֣ôﵽϵ˸ߣ
ȥģԬʡ
ĩճǣڣ


1194 㿴
ĩճǣڣ
һݣ½Ҫϴˡ
û˷ԣҲû˸ҷԣҶĴ£һ˳ĩճǸȥ
᲻ִ̫˵㣿Ҷԣҹ֮ǰҶʱûʡҲ֮˽޼ɵʣҶڹϣԼʲôҶţƻҲƻ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷʿʺϳңҲûʲôִٲִٵģڵĩճǶ˵ûʲôвȥһ£ĩճ֮󣬽פĩճǵˡƳǵط̫ƫƧҲ̫СʺϽ˷չĩճǿԡ
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Ҷתͷҹƣһ˿죬Ѿƻˣ
ҹ۶㷢罣ԣƳǵط̫ƫƧСңҲʺԣǽ뷢չ׳󣬾ͱ뻻ططȻĩճʡ
ǰƻˣ𣿡Ҷʡ
ҹƵ˵ͷĩճǵһУҶѾϤգҲһϵмƻֻҪǽĩճǣʱ䰲źһУ
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һԣҹƿһۣ΢΢ͷ˶Ҷ嶯ԣãʵܶʱҶͦġ£ûаѽֱӽڸЩˡͶĶǲϧģʱˣӦ顣
ʵֻƣͼˡҪԣûҪ֣ͱΪ£ߴ򽣰񡣿˵˲õޣ˵Ļԡ
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˵û
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ͣ
ҶֱûУһѪԺ˫۶ȻԲ
Ҫ
Ҷ߶𡭡


1195 ҪôʤҪô
΢΢һΧռ䷺һ漴
ҶһΧһĿռ䣬ȻǰС˳ſͿʼС֮ҶһУߵʬ屻
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1196 УҪɱڣ
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ųĬ˪ҶȻԼЩܣס˪֣Ϊʲôǲʲôѹ飿
˪ҡҡͷ
˪ʲô˵ҿɲˡҶУһֱ㵱ǷǳǳõѵģţҲǵģԲԣȻôôõѣȴʲô鶼ңе㲻˼
˪̧ͷҶôǿңҺ
Ҷ㶣ȻʧЦ㲻ľΪ
𣿡˪СֽգЩ
ԣȻԣ
Ҷֻǣе㲻ףΪʲôҪΪأǺǿ𣿡
˪˵ͷǣ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ΪͿ۸ˣ˪һۣ
Ҷһ㶣ʱ˪ֵϲǰ۸㣬ϧڴ򲻹ˡ
Ҷ˪ԴҲ۸ҵģұ֤֣
˪ҡҡͷ˵ΪǽǲûûС

Ҷҡҡͷһ˿ɫҶû㵱£Ҫҵأ
˵Ҳأ˪գգۣҺԿˡ
ҶЦǳԴˣ
˪ϸֳһĨЦݣҶΣȻҽǲеˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˪ЩˣҶæֵϲ㡣
˪һ漴Ϊʲô
Ϊʵ㣡ҶЦԺɲΪղһĵġ
˪һҶȻᱧ˱ҶһŬģǳŬģ˵꣬˪תܳ˷䡣
˪ıӰҶЦЦȻһӣŹţٴһӣžʬǰ
žʬ壬ȻɱǾߣ
߿ܣ
ڵĽʵ˵Ƿǳر˵ɳʮһߣʵֲ
ʵжǿ֪֪Բǽ˴ʱܹġǣ߿ܣ
ɨһ۳оžʬ壬Ҷ˫΢ʼ


1200 ˲ңҲˣ
ǰƵ߿ܣǾҶʵСҪ֪һ۵ѣȻɹˣҲǾʧܻġڣѾﵽƵ߿ܶ˵Ѿʲô¡
˲һ죬е߿ܾȫƳɹ
ߣ
Ǹصڵʵ½κ

ԭĩճǳҹ¸һȻΪҲǽרĵط
УҶλ·ҹ½ˣȫǰϵǿߡҹЩӶԼɢվ󣬶½վұߡ
Ҷɨ·һۣȻĿҹϣûʲô
ҹվ˳Ҷ΢΢һ񣬵ڻû˿ĶܲѰرڣ֮ǰһսɱߣ˵Ӧʾǣȴǳƽ
ô룡Ҷҹƣʡ
ҹ΢΢Ȼ֮ƽ޷һ㣬ţ˭ܹǣȻǽ̫죬̫ǿƣ϶ѾϾԼѩǻвˮڵļɵ벻Ҳ˵Ǽܿ֡
֣
ҹƵĻɫʱ
һѾֲˣˮڻзѩԼϾֶԿˣǽ˾൱½ǿļΪа
Ҷɨһ۳ˣ𣿡
˳Ĭ
Ҷǰ˼סǽ˵ּǣ˲ңҲˣңұɱˣЩҪǣǣ
ϴ˵û
Ⱥ֮УÿͻȻ˳ǽ˵𣬱ضͻǼʯצԣھҪΪе׼Ǳн֮ģ
Ҷ΢΢ͷڣȷʵҪĴ㡣˿нڵ˲˽ⱻԼԡ
ǣ
£˶Ҷ΢΢һ
һ£
ʱҹֵԭĩճǵƷе㲻֪ʲô취Լ޷磬ˡ

ҶλܻһӲڵǽˡϣܹŽһ£ЭԵСҲϲﶷϲؼʱ̸ڱ£ҷ֣ǱǸҵʱ棡
ԣһݣȻҶͺģ˶ǳǰλɱǲ˿ġ
ʱҶֵҿҪͬǾͱͬѣֻͬͬѣǱǸҽ˲ӭˡȻڳλˣ԰ɣ˵ţҶɨ˳һۡ
ȻҶûͷκ뽣⣬ȴǸоһεѹ
ûԥҶһҵԸ뽣˹ѣ
Ҷ˵ͷ½£ȥɡ
תȥֻʣҹ½
Ҷ½֮ǰ˵ļ֣ܣ𣿡
½˵ͷܴκϣǾͲǴ󣬶һˡ
ûа취˵㸸ױǲκһ𣿡Ҷʡ
½Ƭ̣Ȼѣѡһᾡ
Ҷ˵ͷ鴦ȥϾһˡϾǣ½Ϊѡңܹ˵Ͼ뽣˽˵ĻǶԽ˵Ҳһ¡
½һҶ˵ͷҲϾ뽣ΪУԭ⣬һԭǾϾҶĿǰΪֹȻǿ͸һˣʵ
Ҷһնɱ۵ߣѾΪֲˡǣľȫľȫʵ
ǣʵжֲ
ҶԸϾ뽣ΪУʱ»øĩճһ³
ϣҶҹƣȥƷɣ
ҹƵ˵ͷȻתȥ
Ҷߵ½ԣõģ㸸׻ǵѡġ˵꣬Ҷ߳˴
½˫ֻһ˿ɫ
һĹ㳡ϣһǧɵİɫ˿ƣΧʮǿ߲ϼӹ̰ΧĿռ䡣
ٶȺܿ죬ǵ߿ܣ֮ǰͲˡ
Ҷԣҹ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǰһҹæȥ
ҶߵǰʱǾ޴۾Ȼ˿ȻһεҶҹѹܿ죬ֱɢţǰͫһȻڵɪɪǾ֮ɫ
ҶǰһЦ
˵ܲҶŰʡ
ҹƣ
ҶǼɵ֮ɫ
ҶǰŰѡһǰԹԵشֻҪ㲻뿪ĩճǣҲɡһѡǾŪ㣬ѡĸ
û˵
˵
ҶЦЦܿ죬һɿֲĽ˰ͷ
ǲ
µĵֱӹѿǰɽѹĶˡģԽԽ⡭
ܿ죬г֮ɫ
ҶһǹɽʱӰʧ
ҶһӣסЩɫ˿ֱʧָɣûӡﵽƷǶǲġܣǾ
ҶתͷҹƣҪɣУɻ
ҹƵ˵ͷ
ʱҶǰܿ죬һҶǰ
Ʒ
ҹͫһһǰҶǸƷȻڽУ
ҶЦЦȻҪ׵ɣסǣǲɣӦҲףܹһ㡣ǣԺ˵ܹһ㣡
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
һӺҶ½뿪ĩճǡ
뿪Ȼý˵֪Ȼضġ˵ǽ˵ĹǣֻҪڣ˲Ż̤ʵ
ϴϵڤ粻ô죿У½ʡ
Ҷ½Ĺϵ
½һ飬û뵽Ҷ⡣ҡҡͷ֮УϾǿͬģҲϵǿУҲǿϵǿǰ԰ʵնɱߣһ
Ҳ˵㶨͵ڸ㶨ϵҶʡ
½ô˵ǣһ򲻲룬ΪǼڣϵ⡣
Ҷ룬Ȼи뷨
ʲô½ʡ
Ҷǳٳǰϵſ£һ鲻𣿡
½


1201 Ӱߡȳ֣
취ΣҶЩ˷ܵ
½ԥһ£ϴеǸ治ɣ
ظ
Ҷɫô治أԼ뿴ϵĸҪǽΪУô죿϶Ѱ졣ңҽ˵ʵӦҲҲҪϾӦûûģ˵ˣԼһˣϾǼȮ
ϴʵжǿҺܺ棡½Ȼ
Ҷһ۶½˵ʵҪɱһˣǵ֮ϣȻûܹסң
½һ̾£ǵϾ˵ɡһúȰȰ̵ϵģ
Ҷ˵ͷԵĻ£ϾǣһѣȻҪȶһ˺õġ
һʱϾǡ
ϾǱĩճǻҪٲһ룬ǰεض𣬸߽ɣڳǽ֮һʯЩʯеʨеǻеһЩǽΪޡЩʯɢſֲϢʹǧɶܹܵ
ϾǱĩճǿɣУ½
ҶָָЩʯ񣬵Щʲô
޻󣡡½ÿһʯ涼һλ֮꣬Щ֮ǰɶٵ۽ףȻûǰʵһ߶ûǽ֮ϵһʯͻͷ֮һǿ󷨡ϵ˵ǣʮλҲܹס
Ҷ΢΢ͷϾʵǿӦòΪں󣿡
½ʵǺ֮ǰѾˡǣ˼ǣ͵Ҫ͵ú÷չ¾ͺá
ҶЦһ˲ˣ
½ΪȻص˵ͷû裬Ͼǿ϶ûôǿ󡣺ˣҽǰɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
˸£Ͼʹһٳ쿪ţǴ½һˡ
ԣ½ɫЩΣǸǰ
ҶЦЦûʲôǰҵҲ
½˵ͷɫЩȻǰһֱԼǴ½һȻȥʶһŷ֣ԭԼˡ
䣡
ʱŴ˿һȺϽɫһӵĴӭ˳
Ҷɨһۣһ˿죬Ϊ֣ЩµȻʥףЩʵǰۣа۾ʮλ֮⣬Ϊ׵Ӹһߡ
ϾǱԼĻҪǿҶĵ
Сڻˣ
½ǰЦôû½ڴ½쳹ҿǼǵã뿪ʱ˵һ̣½Ϊ½
½ߣһҶҶɫһɡתͷӣ壬λܽܣλҵĴ硣
磿
һ漴һԵҶҶ΢΢ͷ
磿ӿһҶֿ½Щš
½˵ͷϵģǽǰɣҴϵе¡
½ٴγϣתͷһҶҪҶһ㡣
Ҷٴζӵ˵ͷȻ½߰ɣ
½˵ͷȻҶȥ
Ҷ½ıӰüͷһ硭һʥ߾СԴ˰ɣ

С
ҶϴܣЩ𾪣е˲٣ʵʱЩ˶ڴ½Ȼڴ

Ҷԣ½ϾǴľڳУܶʱϵûߡ
Ҷ˵ͷϾǲˣȻһǳ鷳ĵˡһŽϾǣǺ鷳ġңҲö½Ϊѡʱ½ǽ˵ˣϾǴΪѵǶ½ˡ
½
ʱԶͻȻһӣһϮһʱĿŶ½Ŀⲻơ
ǣҶʡ
½ұƣһġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʱͻȻνһ⳯Ŷ½½һνǰһ㣬ʮ
䣡
һըڳ𣬽ţ½ʮҲͬʮ
޾⣡
Ҷһ˿죬û뵽ƾȻҲ޾⡣Ҷһ˿Ȥơ
ף
ף
½ͬʱһᡰס˿Էжһ˿죬Ƶǿˣ
½һƣҲǿˡ

£Ҫ֣ʱ½ȴǰ˰֣ҪսԺеǻᣬ£һȥ
ʲô£˰ɣЦ
һ㣿
½Ҳǰ˭Ķࡣ
ǰ
Ƶ½㣬ʵһΣһҪ̸ﶼʶ㣡
˵ţҪ֡ʱһͻȻԶƶɲǴ֮Сѽɣ
ߣ
Ҷ̧ͷԶʱ½ϵ
Ҷ˵ͷȻŶ½ǰȥߵǰʱҶͻȻһƣ߶ʱһҶʲôǲǷ򣿡
Ҷ
ʱ½ͻȻߵǰھ˾˵ķϣһκˣģϱ͵һɣ˵꣬½תߵҶǰ磬ߣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻŶ½һʧԭء
磿
üͷ壬Ȼһȥ
֮С
λһ۵ӣӿֻʮ꣬üһϡһװɫƽĿ·Ҷϡ
ҶӿҶʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ϵϴ󣡡ʱ½ͻȻ
ϴ󣿡
빬װһȻû뵽½ô˵
ϵϴ󣿡ʡ
½˵ͷϵ
ĩճǵ£ʡ
½֪
ô£ϵҪǻ֪ǳɷͰˣ˵
½ڨЦЦ˵ʱĹװͻȻ
½һҶҶЦŵ˵ͷ½һĨǸ⣬ȻߵǹװǰָָҶȻ빬װ
˵ɱɱĿҶϡ
ãҶ
Щţ˵
Ҷ³̸顣
˵뿴ʵ
Ҷһˣǳְɣ
Ҳ̸֣
ʱͻȻ˽ߵҶǰ½ҲԽԽȥˣȻһʥ߾ϴ󣡡˵ţתͷ½Ժȥ˵ϱҶˣ
½
ҶһƣȻˣҽ֣
㲻򲻹ɣ˵
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻƣְɣ
ȳ֣
ȻûгֵĻˣ
Ҷ
Զ½ҡҡͷϱΪĬ


1202 Ӱߡϱˣ
ƿҶ˫ָһ㾡ӡ
ҶӣȻĳˣ
ָͷУУñ˵ϾԴС
Զ½һ飬תͷѾֱˡ
Ҷҡҡͷǰ̤һȻֻһǴ֮ϵĹװɫ˲䡣
Ҷ֣ȴǷһĨһɽڱӿȻĽճ־ֱɢ
һ㶣ʱҶѾǰȻһȭ
䣡
ֱӵɳȥҶûˣʮɾͣ
㡭ƾ㵵ĿҶңҵĽôܻʧ
Ҷһۣˣ
䣿
͵ذνȻҽһ̤˻һٶȼ죬˲ϢҶǰ
ϣͻȻվУһ˿𾪣װü΢
ΪƵĽҶָסˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ΢΢
ˣ
һֱӱ˰ɿ⣬ײǽϲͣ
ƿ˿ԼеĽȻ̧ͷҶ૵⣬ôܡ
˵ţҪ֣ʱ½ͻȻǰϱˡ
ȴǲܶ½һһν⳯Ҷȥ޾ļӳ£ޱȣٶҲǿ磬ȻδҶǰЩ뽣ֱɢ
Ҷǰ̤һ˲ǰȻһץֱӿסƵĺǾ֮ɫû뵽ԼȻ޻֮
ҶƬ̣ȻһɣȻ޾⣬鸡Ըǲѣ
˵ţҶתͷϵӣҵʵõ³Ͽ𣿡
ӿҶãȻӢ۳꣬ҶǼʶˡ˵ţһһԵĶ½뻹ʧǵƣȥ
½ЩԥʱǹװͻȻȴƶȥϢһ£
½ΥװĻµ˵ͷȻҶΣǽ˵ˣ
˵꣬Եת߳˴
ʱھˡ
ĸˣȴϴʵ˵Ҷܺ档֮ǰҾѾȥ㡣ŲϾǣʱ½еڲ㡣ǣǴʯͷĳһʵһ֪
ҶҾãⲻص㡣ҽ֪³ҽ˵ѻҽ˵ĵˡҸϣ³ܹҽ˵ѣ
ҿԺȷĸ㣬ʱڣвˮڣԼѩѾ֡ʵһ㽣˾ͶԸˡϾ㽣ˣˡֱԣϾ
ҶֱӶ֣һңĻ죡
ţ
Ҷλ֮Ϊ½Ϊҽ˵ˣϾΪУΪѣȻҲϣϾܹվҽߡǣҪѡǱߣҲûϵϾڵѾܶˣڶһҲν
Ǻţ
ֱҶȷʵǿնǣ磬ֹеߣңÿ߶类ɱЩһ粻ÿʥ߶һǿһ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷǿߺܶ࣬һֱסڣֻ֪³˼³ѡˣǴ˿𣬽ϾǾѡ³ѡǴ˿Ǿǵˡ
е㲻ϲ㣡ֱҶ̫ʢˣ
ֻǱȽֱʣҲϲ£Ҷ
ˣҿκϣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷˡǣ
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
ţʱͻȻ
Ҷͣ½Ųתô
Ҳ㽣ڣʵǿ˵֮ǿΪ㡣˵Ļ˲߽⣬˵ǲǣ
ҶЦЦ³Ҫɱң
뷨
ҶֱӶˡֱԣ³ʵ²˵³ߣϾǿ߼һסң
˵ʱװͻȻһҶȥҶ˫΢Уȭ͵غ
䣡
һը죬Ҷʮɣȭͷ֮ϣһצӡѪۡ
Ҷ̧ͷȥʱǹװͻȻǰţһ̶Ʒ쳹
죡
ٶ̫죬쵽ʹҶ壡
һӡͻȻӡҶǰ
죡
Ҷüͷһ壬ֳʮɡʱǹװȴѾصԭλãҶʵ֤ûô
Ҷ˿ԼǰһѪӡ
Ҷ̧ͷװһֱ̣ӻһʧԭءϸϸǳϸһ߻Ҫϸ
ǿ쵽µı֡
Ҷʧԭصһ̣빬װͫȻһرǹװҶʧͬһ̣װ˫ֻƣȻ΢΢һת͵سǰһġ
䣡
ڣһ
Ƭ֮󣬳оš
ʱҶ˹װǰĽ˹װü䡣һԵĶ󺧣ȴ˿Ķ
װҶв֮ǰǰƽУֻ𾪣
ҶŹװƬ̣Ȼջ˽λˡֱԣȻһҪǿ࣬ǣҪɱǣʵҲǱɱһҪ˷һЩˡһΣڶ½ϣ֡ǣһΡǣ
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
ϾǲκϽ֮飡
ʱͻȻ
Ҷͣ½Ųתò³ǲվߣǻŹ𣿼ʹǲ֣ǽ˱֮أ
ɫЩѿʱǹװͻȻҪϾǸǽ˽ˣҪ֪㽣˵ʵ˵㽣ֻһ˵ĻǱǸǻվߡ
˵⣬װߵҶǰȷʵǿǣǿܹĹʮλ𣿼ʹĹʮλĹʮλ𣿲˵ڼҲܴոʮλڼأ
ҶֱӹװƬ̣Ȼأ


1203 Ӱߡ˭˭

ҶĻ빬װŮɫһ䡣
κ󣬹װŮӿҶȷ㲻ڿЦ
ҶôģҲ׼ô
װŮӿҶãȻʵһֱһգΪûĸܹ档ˡֱԣ˵㣬㽣Ƕڶֶκβǡ
Ϊ
Ҷλһ졣аȨ˼ģ˵˳ҪܿУֻ治ֺá
ǣҿ㽣κεϣװֱҶ
ǽ޼ǰĴˣ
ʱһͻȻ⴫
̧ͷȥֻһǽ顣
ǰ
빬װæӭȥ˶Ž΢΢һɫΪ
Ҷ飬һ˿죬鿴һҶǱ׷ɱǡ·˳ְһѡǶ½ƵĽоµġ
ԭˣҶ˵ͷ
ղŽǰ˵ǽ޼ǰĴˣʱװͻȻʡ
鿴һ۹װѵûܵڣѾ޾֮ϡ˵ţҶ
Ҷ΢΢ͷһ̣һɿֲĽ˴֮Уɽֺ󣬲װǽɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ǽޣ⽣ѹ
ܿ죬ǹɽʧ
ʧжʱһɡ⣬ȫѹ߾ǿߵƵġ
װŮӿһҶһ˿ӣ֮ǰд޾֮ϣǣû뵽ǡѹֽ磬ڵ㣬¾Ǵ½һޣ
ʱѾͷҲǷҪȰ뽣֡Ϊ֪ʱĽ˵ʵȷʵ޷⡣ǡ˵ţָҶҾãǲӦÿˣǿ룬ֻʥߣѾܹʤߣﵽأ
ԣװɫһ䣬ǰҶھѾܹնۣҪǴﵽأ
ϸ˼֣
ãװ飬ǰվڽߣ
ǰɣ˵ţһҶԺСӰæ£ˣϲǷ飬ԣǷɣԺ󿪿ھͲÿѿˡ
װĬãȻҷ򸾶˿ǿǣΣ
Ȼ
˵ͷȻһҶҶ⣬¸Ž뿪˴
Σ
Ҷ뽣ߺ󣬶ͻȻʡ
ţܹͦΣδضһλǿߣʹȲϵ꽣޼ҲԲκһܹġװ
һ̾밲ȹһκ첻
̧ͷ⣬һ˿ӣû´ӦҲҪˡ
£һɫͻȻԶʻţһ˳˵С
һӣһž˶Ͼеȫǰڼϣ󣡡
˵꣬΢΢һʧ˳С
˿еľᣬôԵ
˵ţѡıߣ
˫΢

֮С
ҶڵأڵľֻҪпգͻû֮۵磬Ҫ磬ʵܼ򵥣㹻ͿˡǣڵûнԼȹ֮ǰ硣
ҹ
ҶͻȻ򿪣ţ½߽˷СҶ۾½
ϴ󣬿ߣ½ߵҶǰһ˿
ôҶʡ
½ҡҡͷ˵ˣ߰ɣ
ѡҶʡ
½˵ͷˡ֮ǰᣬҪѡң˽Χɱ㡣֮߰ɣڲߣȵȿҪΧˡ֪ϴʵǿǣûҪģ
Ҷһ۶½һĨοĶ½ļȻ߳˷䡣
뿪ҶֱӻһĨʧʡ
⣬½ʣһ˿ӡ
ĳ䣬һ̧ͷһʣǵʧԶҹɫ֮к󣬻ջĿ⣬Ȼóһһ

һɽ֮ϣҶڵأǽ顣
δ㣿ʡ
Ҷǰ񹬵Ӧöûɣ
Ȼ
꽣Ӵ󣬱ҪǿֹٱȻһˣǣЩûڽ񹬵ĵȴǻȴû˸Գǽ񹬵ĵˡһλ
Щ˵䣬ǰ֪𣿡Ҷʡ
鿴Ҷշǣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ͷɣ
Щ˶ĸ֮Ȼ⣬ҲǸ㡣
˵ǽ޼ǰĴأҶͻȻ
һ룬˵пܡǶԽ񹬶кĸ飬ǣʵҲԽи顣ǣҪ֪һ֪ټЩǰˣرǵλ֣֮ܿ
ҶĬ
˵Ȼ֪񹬵ĵ˿϶ǿǳǿöԷ֪ٻؽǰЩӣԷ϶ΪҪӽ񹬣Գǽ޼Ĵˡһλǿ߿ܻ
ʱ֮֡
Գǽ޼ǰĴˣ㱾޾֮ϣ˿϶Ը㡣ЩˣǻϹǵʵӹɵġǣҲҪףλԷܻ㣡ΪλԽԹ
ҶĬãһʳϣŹƬ̣СģġԷĻŲµĶԹǾɣ˭˭
鿴ҶãȻ㣬ȷʵ֣
Ҷתͷ飬ǰ罣ǰЩ˵¾鷳ˡڣʵڳ鲻ңһһҪ
ȷˣʡ
ҶһǶһΰɡĶԷ˵ĶԹԷûз£ҪɱǣǾɡǾ仰˭˭
Ƭ̣Ȼ˿ܻ᲻ɽ
Ҷһ䣬ǲһͷڹ꣬ǣˣҪҲա
ˣ˵ͷȥˡ˵кδ㣿
Ҷ̧ͷʣ׼ȥڹ䡣
ѾöǶڵĵǰڼϡԼûˣ
˵꣬һʧʡ
ߺҶҲһֱӻһûǰĿռ֮С
뿴һڶǾ˶ٵߣԵĻɵûȥܾ͸ˡ
ǼģʱҶڡ
Ҫ͵͵ǱڵҶͻȻ̧ͣͷڵķ򣬳ãһʮʮ߸ʮһʮλߡ
ܵʮλϢҶһ飬Σԥ£ҪһǸɡ


1204 Ӱߡϲɣ
ڣ
ڴʱĴ֮Ужʮˣȫǵߣλڸԭ¡·ֱǲˮ׺ѩǳѩ÷ԼϾǳ
˹Ȼ½ǲǶڶԼ
ԭ¸·ˣ֪˴뽣֮飬ǣ˵·λҲˡˣպǡ
ԭ£
ʱԭµĻͱ˵Щеûˡǿڵӣǿӡ˳ɣ
ԭ¿һ۶ɫЩȻȴ񶼲
ΣԭһЦ˵³ĶӶ½ǽҶߵĺܽڴҶһϵˣе㵣
ԣ˶˶
ֱԭ£ԭ£ҶӸҶߵĽǲƨ£У㲻һ˵㣬ҲûʸǰᡣҪǲǾͳȥУ
ԭɫѿ˵ʱһԲˮ׺վˣλ˵ɡ³ȻܹϾǵѾ֤̬ѡˡ
һȻԭλ
ԭ俴һ۶ȴû˵
ʱ׺ԭ֣˵Ҳûڣȴˣе˵ȥɣУֵʱ򶼲ЩѣҲЩװɣ
ͻȻֵҵĸоǣڲһңϾˮڻзѩǶˡ
³ɲ˵ԭ俴һ۶
Цһǲǣ
׺һԵĹѩ÷ԭ£ԭ³ϢȻڱչأſʼչأǰѾڱչˡʵ˵Ҳ֪ġλӦöأиָҲǣ˵󣬾ֱɱĩճǡ
ǲ֣ȥʱһԹѩ÷ͻȻü
һԵ׺üͷҲΪе㱻˵ǹʹĸо
ԭ³λܹڶʱ죬Ǳû𣿶ҶǴʯͷĳһˣţûô˼ǣ϶ڱͦˡԣҲΪʲô֮󣬲ûڶԽ˳ֵԭ򡣡
ԣ˳ĬҪ˵˱ûˣҲǲŵġ̫ˣҶ̫ˡرҶ츳ǳûҲԲôǿңڴ֮ǰ½֮ϸûҶˣ
Ҷƾճֵģ
ı
һıǳҲ϶һıһǣ˵ı
֮ǰжЩɻ󲻽ģȻʵǾԲ⣬ȴǲ֣һҪһڣˡĿĲǽˣǽ˱
ǶڶǣΪϵצڰŻ
жЩˬģûԸΪõĶ󣬵ǣˬҲû˸˵û˸ҵҲﲻ
ԭɨ˳һۣλǵʵȫѹˣ˱ˣȻȥԸԣΣǱʤɣˣ˼ǣĩճǶҪʧκλڣ
˵꣬ԭǷһĨЦݣλ
ʱͻһ׵ĳ˳Уһ̣ɫ˲䡣رԭ£һ̣ëܾҪȻһɿֲͻȻѹϣֱӽѹ˫΢΢һ䣬ȥ
ͣ
һϸ΢̧ͷϷֻԭ˫Բü䣬һѪ㣬󣬲֪ʱһֳֺɫʵӡ
ԭнԽԽС૵ãÿ졭
¡
ۣ
һѪԭü伤һ̣ԭʬֱʧڳСתˣһЦݣûŵǰɣ
£ҽ͵һ̤Ȼ˻һʧڳС
У㶣һ̣ΨһһȻȵ׷ˣ
£ԥһ£Ȼ׷˳ȥöԷôߣǴȥǶǶھûˡ
ȻҶں󣬱ûɱˣֻ̽̽Ǿ֡һǿԭ²ˬҲһ¶ڶǵˣЩ˵ľģ
ҶʩչǣҪ뿪ڵһ̣һĻͻȻĿռ֮Ļֺ󣬿ռʱӣҶòʱڡ
ǰǵĻҶһĨâһ̣⽣ʣȻ͵ذνһն
ٵӵնν
Ȼ֣ҲĻʱȫᱻЩ׷ϣһ뵽ʮλΧҲ̲סͷƤ顣͵Ϯɱ˾ܻУҪʮλߵɵ϶ǾԲɵģ
ˣ
һ˲ǵĻ֮ϡ
ͣ
Ļֱӱ˺һ޴ӡҶתͷһۣǷһĨЦݣһ̣һֱӻһʧ˳С˲Ϣ׺˳Ҷ֮ǰվλá
ʱѾܲҶϢ
ɫЩѿһʥ߾ߣǶʮλǰɱһߣһﳤȥ˵ǳ谡ʱ˸¡ɱȻ֮ǰҶ˵Ҷɱɱߵʵվֻ˵ڣۼ
һ̫죬̫ǿ
ʣԼӵ
뵽㣬ɫԽѿΪûܹӵ¡
ʱһ׳ڳУɫ䣬ţڵһ˫˲Բ
ͣ
һѪü伤ǵУš
Ҷɨ˳һۣǷһĨЦݣɣϲɣ


1205 Ӱߡô
ߵ۾ŵģôҲû뵽ҶȻȥʮﰡʮߣҶôɱ
ǣҶǻˡ
˾ؿֳֽʵҶһʱ侹Ȼ˳֡
ҶһӣǸҪɢڵ߾ͱ˶࣬СײȽϺá
ҽˣ
Ҷɨ˳һֻۣҪǸұ޻أ
Ҫ
ʱһͻȻ쳹𣬽ţһɫʵ£ɫٶȼ죬˲Ҷͷ
ˣ
ڽɫֵһ̣һǵɫݺײһ
䣡
ײһɫ뽣ܽ俪ʱһֻɫͻȻƿնգۼͳҶͷ
ҶǷһĨЦְνһն
ˣ
һ쳹ʣ죡
ӳĽ⣡
ӳֽҶĽǿ˲֪ٱռֱӱ˺ѿ˵ע£ֻɫײһ
ͣ
ֱӽֻɫ˺ѿȻֱ룬ʱȥ
䣡
մһʱ𣬡춯֣
Ļڵ۶ʱعҪ֣ȻҶȴֱӻһʧ˳СʧҶɫʱǲ׷̫죬˸׷ϡ
һ˳С
ʣ˫ֽճȭɫĿ¡ҶڣɱߣȻﳤȥ˵ڵǻˡҲͰˣҪھֻʣǵˡ
˽ˣҲΪ
˫΢գʱɱĲҶѾȥԭ¡ǿԲøӲܵģԭȥҽˣĿǻ˫ޣϾʱ뽣˲û̫ͻ
ȻԭȴΪŮ뽣ʱߣԼҲڳΪ˶
һУԭǿԱģ
ʱһͻȻ˳С

۾ߣ֮ǰһֱڰΪβ֣
ߵ飬ǣϣҪףʹңҲû뵽ҶȻɱڡ֮ǰҲ⧲
ҪҵˣȴһֱڰҪڳ˵ǹʹ𣿡ʱͻȻ
ԣ뿴˻ߡ֮ǰ˿϶ͱˡڣҶĿֲ֮˶ǿ߳ΪˬΪҪ˵ȻȴЩ뽣ġ
֮ǰ˶ҪˣӦСһϾȫжʮλߣҲλѡڣ˷֣ʹܹˣǿҲʧءҶֲ̫ˣ
ûԸҶ
߿һ۶³ûҪλ˼룬֮ǰԭҲλ˵ҶˣڿȷλҶǿˣһˡǿ߷ҶߣһΪصǿߣǷֶԷ󣬶ԷҲǣˣڶԷѾǿԿ϶Է϶ڰ׼Ż
½ü
ȻУ
ɨһ۳УλȻڴ½û䣬λǣǴ½е硣ʱ֪жţȻ඼ʧˣǣʧ඼ѡˣѡ
ԣɫԭΪǾǴ½˵ڿˡ
ֵλΪ飬ǣλһ䡣ǽ֮ǷͻʱҪΣ֮ǰĩճһ㡣Ƿסˣˡֱԣλ֣Ҳסǽˣ˵ģҶһ˾λͷöˡ
˳Ĭ
ɨһۣڴ½Ĵ󲿷Դһڶǵ˹Ϸ֣ϣеϣǾֻһѡǾ
ĬãȻҶǲ𣿡
ҡҡͷһЩҲ֪һЩǣǡҶҶһءη壬ҶǣֻҪǸ˾Ϳˡ
С£ֻҶʵ̫֮Уûܹס
ģԸߵ
˭ʡ
ǷһĨЦݣʱǾ֪ˡϢһǳˡס˿Ҫʱ䱸ԷҶ͵Ϯ
Ϊβھͳü
̧ͷʣΪԸҶǸŻᵽ

֮һɽ֮Уһˮ̶Ҷˮ̶Աߵһ⻬ʯϣǰѾС˵ߵʬ塣
Ƶʬ˵Ѿʲô⡣ھһʱƺʬѾƳΪ˽ū˿Ͼʹʮһߵ߿ܣڼĩճҹԵǾʮ߿ܣ
Ҷ֪⻹ԶԶ
˵ڵĵǿ߾ѾԶˣڼһƶûСҲΪʲôҪȥϵǰЩǿߣû취߾ǿߣ˸սһڶǣ
رչֳʵ˵űɽһǣ
Ҷ˿ǰߵ߿ܣһӣҶǰСԴʱð˳
ҶƣСգգۣҶֽԼԴҶ˲䣬ȻСצһӣһƬϾʯͻȻҶǰ
öϾʯ
ǰѻɽϾʯҶипѣ½ʱ˵͸ϵһڣʯͷ࣡
ҡҡͷҶϾʯȫʱͻȻڳţ߳Ҷǰ
ʦĴˣԣһߵҶǰʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ㽣޼Ĵʵ⿴ԼԸ⣬ǾǣԸǾͲǣ
ڣԸ⣡
֤أʡ
Ҷǰ̤һһ̤ʮɽǱѹȥһ㣬Ǳ߶ʱˣһˣʮɲͣ
޾֮ϣ
˵һ֮ɫ
һۣǱֵټǵĿʲô
Ҷû䣬ҵĿ˽ޣ
Ϊʲôؽ񹬣ʡ
ҶֱӱߣΪ۽粻ſһأ
ʲô˼߳ʡ
Ҷ̧ͷգҪ磬ǽһɣ˵꣬Ҷ򱳽ߵˣֵҲǽ޼ǰ˼Ҫôġ


1206 Ӱߡӡ
ǰλ߶ǵߣһ޾⣬ˣԶĸ֮Щ˸ĸҶʵΨһİ취ǳ޼ŻƤΪĳЩ˶Խ޼Ϊأǽ޼ԣЩ˿϶ء
ȻҶĻ˿Ҷʱɫࡣ
һԵĽһۣһ˿ɡǼǵõģҶ˵ɽûн޼µʶӳġ
ʱҶͻȻתɽλ΢΢һǹ޼ǰԸҶǷҲɡ˵ҶǾ֮ɫһϾҪǵģ
ҶĻǱ˿ҶʱɫԽˡ
ҶͻȻתǱˣȻ΢΢һ񣬵λǰ£û䣬ʵ΢Ҫʵ㣬λǰңЯһɽ޼ǰԸýһɣ羴
һۣǱߵ˵ͷ츳׿СС;ʹﵽ޾֮ϣѹʦѡˡȻʦ洫ˣҽѾﵽ޾֮ϣھ½Ȼҽ񹬵ĹҽԸ׷㡣
˵ţҶһ
ҽԸ׷湬
ҽԸ׷湬
ҽԸ׷湬
ҽڤԸ׷湬
ҲҶһ񣬹
״ҶǷһĨЦ⣬˵ļ룬˵ʵ΢΢ͷȻʵǶǽգ
£ǽȻǡ֮ԶԽΪգǽ񹬵ĹأǴﵽߣﵽ޾Ϳɻգһ֡ڽ񹬣ֱŵڶ
ŵһأҶʡ
ЦĵһľǹΨһģڵ㡣
ҶӣЩЦû뵽ԼΪ˽񹬱ߵˣ˵ҲǺ¡
ˣȻǽ񹬹ǣ㻹ҪһʵͻȻ
ʲôҶʡ
ӡ
˵⣬һ˿أӡ˵۽֮ϣҲҽ֮УλǺӽͼǺӽͼʦ浱죬ǽӡȴǽ񹬴ԶʱھĹԣҪõ
ΪʲôҪõҶЩ⡣
Ϊֻӵд˲ŻΪرЩ̣ͻȻ񹬵ˣȻֻЩˡǣЩֻӡˣΪѵֽӡߣΪ񹬹
ʵҲ󣡡
ʱӵһʱڣ㽣뽣

ҶͫһζʲôѾ⣬ʩչնνȻҶȥΪʵ̫ˡ
ֵ֮⣬ӵдԽʩչ񹬵һʦ̲е콣󣬴һʮڣݲǺӽͼû֮ǰ˴½һ
ӡǺӽͼҵģҵģ
Ҷ˫ֻ⽣ӡǺӽͼҪŬҪõΪ˵öȻҲ޳̫ǣⲻȥǾɵˡȻ᱾ĩá
ӡںδҶ顣
Ƭ̣Ȼַ
ΪβȥóҶ⡣
ȥҲȥ
ΪΣҶˡ
һۣжһ˿ɵءĬƬ̣ǽŵλԣߣ̤뽣񹬺ҲΪˣ½޲Žû䡣Ϊ½õĽ޴Լ޽ڽַ
λ˭Ҷʡ
֪ҡҡͷǶԷ϶ڴ½ΪнǰַȻҲûл
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬λԽ񹬾жԹޣҲͰˣȻý޿
ҵܣ
ʱǽҡҡͷʦ滹ڣ˭˸ҽ񹬣
˳Ĭλȷʵǿ޼ڵĻԷ˽
Ҷ˫΢ܽЩǿߣҲ͵ڽ˽λǿ֮ĶԹ˵պ˵д鷳Ҳ壬鷳ǣԷĻŲµĶԹ֮ǰ˵ˣ˭˭
ϢҶʣ޲ȥӦÿȥɡ
˵ͷ½಻ǽ޵˾ȥ񹬣ǣ񹬷֪жǵҲ뽣񹬡˵ڽַȫġ
Ҷ˽һۣ֮ǰ˵ǽӡȥַɣȻ֪ûҪҵ˼ֻǣ֪⣡
һۣȻҶ΢΢һ񣬽񹬱λǿκν޲̤뽣ַⲻǽһӵĳ裬½޵ĳ衣ϼһ֪ûȥԿԷǣС㻹ᣬѾ޾֮ϣţһ죬ضܹΪʦǰľǿߣһ죬ϣܹػؽ񹬡
˵꣬ٴζҶһ
ŽˣҶһ˿ӣЩˣԽȻźĸ鰡ҲǣһŶһЩ˵ʵǼһԼңʹѾڣǸ϶ڵġ
ջ˼ҶЦЦλǰѻ޼ǰУңô񹬵ĶԹȻҲҽ¡Ƿģǻȥǽַģңһ죬̫ԶӦ˵ܿ죡
ҶĻ˲ûиˣɫһ䣬ǽæ嶯ǲҪھȥַϣԺǿڻȥ֪ʵǿǼϼһҲ֣ǣλǿĲܵУ𣿡
Ҳæͷʾͬ
ҶЦģҲԲģ
˵꣬Ҷתͷڵķ򣬵ǵ֮Ҫڶǵ顣
С껹ֻһСѾʵһֱһգ
Ҷ˫΢УһΣҪǲһա
ˣиˣϣȥһˣʱͻȻ
˭Ҷʡ
֮ǰĴ½һڵĴ½һʦ޳һսӮĻҪࡣеֻ̣ӡˡԣϣȥһˡ
ҶĬƬ̣ȻһԵĽ⣬ǰмҪǰǡ
Ƭ֮󣬽ĩճˣ
ҶҡҡͷõķؾǽҲܱǣűҪⳡս
һۣȻ˵ͷģǻ׵ģ
˵꣬һʧ˳С
ߺҶ飬߰ɣȥ֮ǰĴ½һڵĽʦɣ


1207 Ҷͷ
ڽĴ£һƬִȥڶǸߴʮ֮ߵĳ񡣷һֶʱ˷һƬŲ˵񺣡
طƫƧ⣬ǰ񺣣ҶǴʱ˵ڼɽƬֵиƵĸɽϷɣʶ飬ֲƬ񺣡
Ҫô˵أ
ЦЦȻǽȥɣ
ɽȥҶʡ
Ц׾ˣںúÿ
ҶһתͷƬ񺣣Ƭ֮üͷ̲ؽ⣬Ƭһ󣿡
˵ͷڵ񺣾һһӲֱӱ⽣󵱳ɱȻȻ壬ɲ߳ӵġ
ȻҶЦ
ǰһʯСȥ
Ҷϵشܣһʼûע⣬ϸ۲·֣ÿһӶһң̤һ̣ЩӵҶȻ׷׿ʼתҶתжʱһ
е㲻ѺðҶ
û£ֻҪ֮У󷨾ͻԶ߶ֻҪǲǾͲǳ֡
ȷҶ
˵ͷȻһ˵ġ
ʱǰԶһͻȻԭתһ̣ǸϵҶͻȻʮ⳯Ҷ˼
齩ס
Ҷָһ㣬ʮҶʱɢʮƬҶҶǰҶһץʮƬҶʱСҶҪʱͻȻסӦһ⣡
Ҷһ۽飬ϣɣ
˵ͷ߿ɣ
˸ҪߣͻȻΧЩȫʼԭתңƾճǰʯСϡһĻɫЩѿġ
ǲӭһǲӭ㣿Ҷʽ顣
ԥһ£ҲǺ
λϵΣҶʡ
Ǻܺã
ҶߣһֱΪλ½һʦǺѣȻһȴ˵˹ϵá
ҶҡҡͷƵ󷨰ɣ
ôĿ
ʱԶܼͻȻ˿ţһֳһɫŮӳ˵СŮһϲɫȹò㣬ֻ䣬ĸо
ŮӣҶһ㶣漴㵵㣬ô⣿
ʶҽ㣿ǳȹŮü΢
㣿Ҷ㶣㲻
شҵ⣡ȹŮü
Ҷһ漴ʶڸһ𣡡
һ𣿡
ȹŮ˫΢Уһʥ߾ҽôܻῴ㣡
Ҷһʱǽ˼˵ڸ졣ˣѾͷʦģȥͨһ
ʦܼ𣿡ȹŮ
˵ʲôʱҶͻȻǰҵķɡ˵ţҶǰһ̤ɲǼ䣬һɿֲĽƾճ˷Բ֮ڡ
ɽֺǳȹŮɫ䣬ˣɲͣΧЩһȫһвϷ
ڲ
㡭㡭ȹŮӾؿҶЩ״Ρ
ҶȴûԷǿǰ̽ң룬ǰѾ̽ˡ֪ǰɷһ
ʱҶѾΪ񹬵񹬹𣿡
Ĭһ˲ԶͻȻһЦûнӡҲԳƹ飬Ϸ˵ӡˣҪϷɽԣýӡ
ɫһ˵ʱҶȴǰ˰֣ǰҪ˵ˣ߰ɣ
㡭㵵ؿҶû뵽Ҷôͷ
Ҷһ̣ҪҲա
ʦ
ʱһǳȹŮͻȻŭȣȻ£ҶͻȻسǰţһֱӵǳȹŮӵü䡣
Ҷ۾ĳȹŮӣƢСǣǵýԼʵ֮ϡûʵƢһ㡣
˵꣬ҶһصԭλȻ飬ߣ
߾ߣûôף
ʱͻȻһŭ£Ҷ뽣ΧгȫתţΧЩ֮ϵҶȫһâҶ뽣һĻһ˿ء
Ϊ֣ЩҶǰʱȻȫصһҶصȻҲص˿ǰÿ⣬ٵǧ
ַĽϣҪ֣ʱҶȴǳǰ̤һһ£һɽƾճܣɽֺ󣬹һĻˡΧЩ⾹Ȼڴ˿ȫͣţɢҶ׷׹䡣
⣡
ѹƣ
ݣ
ʱһĽͻȻ𣬺ܿ죬һ˳գۼҶǰȻҶȴǲܣǵϡǳȹŮӾĿ֮УǵֱûҶڣȻȻûȻǵͷ·δֹһ㡣
׷ˡĽѴ޾֮ϣĽҲԽ޾⣬㲻ýǰ޵еġ
ʱһ۵˳һԣǳȹŮæӭȥʦ
΢΢ͷȻһԵҶû뵽ʦ֮󣬴½ֳһ޾֮ϵĽޡ
Ҷ޾֮Σһû䣬ַΪֹ޽޸̤룬ǽ뽣֮ܡҶԽ޼ǰ
߳Ƭ̣ȻⲻĴ
ҵĴ
ҶͻȻʵ̫û취ټ񹬵ǿߡȻҽһɣصֵԻͣ
ĲĴһԣҲ̲סȰ
ҵĴ
Ҷ˫ֽҡ
ˣ
ʱͻȻҶĻǰףϷֻ뿴ټϼһĿģȻϼһɣǣò˵ĿĻ־ͬϡңܹ˽һɵģȷʵĪ
Ҷæǫ˽һɣҪλǰУһˣʵ㣡
ҪҸ㣬ԣһֱҶ
˵Ҷɫ
ûؽ񹬽ӡӡҽûء֪ѣţһܹǰַ
û⣡Ҷشû˿ɡַ϶ҪȥģΪǺӽͼܾ
ߵ˵ͷ߰ɣȥĩճȸ㲼һ󣡡
֮ãҶǷһĨЦݡ
һĵʧʡ
ĩճǡ
ɽɫ
ĩճ⣬һһѪܵͷĩճǻ
ֹǽ֮ϣһߺȵ
ͣ½Ųͷǽ֮ϣһ̣еͷ˵ϣת˲ֶһͷ
ǽ֮ϣ֮ǰԴѲڣһѪͬȪһ߲Ӵӿ
˴󺧣
һЦݣңңУͷˣҶˣͷ


1208 ս
ͷˣ
ڳǽ֮ϵҹ֣ɫȻ䡣
Ҷǵһʥ߾ʵɱߵˣҶ֮ǰʥ߾Խɱߣһˣͷˡ
ͷˣû֪ʲôֻ֪ɱ֮ϲŶֵͷ˶ͷˡһǿ߶ɵѵˣΪǸ̬Ǳ̬ʵǱ̬ĲУ
ҹɫѿ˼㣬ôҲû뵽ô̬Ȼҽ˵鷳Էûзʲôͻ
ܿ죬ҹƾЩˡȻͷûзʲôͻǽԼڵгͻҲ˵ͷ˼ġ뵽⣬ҹɫѿˡ
ҶȻģǣҶͷסǽ˻ˡʱ˵ʵȻͻͽǣʱ̫̣˸޷ڵ֡
ʱͷͻȻҹƣҹɫ䣬߿˲ǰһ̣ǰǵ߿ԴֱʧͷУʧĿܵߵԴ
ɱߣ
һĻ˴󺧣
ͷ˿˿еͷ­һЦͷ˵̧꣬ͷǽ֮ϵҹơ
ҹͫһʱһͻȻϮٶȼ죬˲ͷ˵ͷ
һ̣һͷӭͻȻֵĽ⡣
䣡
ͷ뽣ͬʱըѿת˲һΪޡ
ʱһӳ˳ǽ֮¡
ǽ
ӣǽ˶ʱҹҲǴһҶǽ˵ĹǣֻҪҶڣ˾ͻİȻΪҶ֮ҪΪҶʵ
ڼҶɱ֮УҶ
ҶֺҹתͷԶڲԶˣ֮ǰ˾׼֣Ҷˣ˾ûڳˡҹƶ΢΢ͷ⣬´ʮʧԭء
⣬Ҷǰͷˣûзϻνһնһ˲ͷǰ
ͷֳǰһ̽ȻһץҶǵȻѣޡ
Ҷ˫΢У֣ʱʮһֲϢͻȻĩճϷţʮһ˳˳Ͽա
ʮһλߣ
ĩճɫ䣡
ʱ˵Ǳġʮһλ߰ڳУֻǶʮλпߵʵҶܹһкüǣҶͷǣƣңûͷˣҶҲսĹʮһλ߰
ô
ǽ˴ʱ˵뷨
ǽ֮ϵҹ˫ȭţȻ濴򶨣һãҶεģǳεġҶ˵һ
Ҷ㽣˵ڣ
ʣ츩Ҷңйϵˣһ
𣿡
ҶЦЦڲϵһ¸Եſ
üͷһ壬ʱ˵ǰĿռͻȻһܿ죬ɫѿ
˫ֽգҶ㾹Ȼ͵Ϯǵţ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵҸɵģ
һĨλڻȥѾҪһ⽣ĩճǡֻҪ⽣Ҷʤǣɱ
£˾Ҫ֣ʱͻȻ˳Уܿ죬뽣˵ǰ
ߣЦĵƣ
켥ؿҶʱҶһӣʮһ߿ܳʡ
һĻɫڱˡ
ҶǷһĨЦɱ
£뽣ֱӻ⳯˱ȥʮһ߿ܡ
ǲʮߣжʮһоƣɱ
һӣҪ֣ʱɫͻȻһ䣬Ϊһӡ׳⧲֮£ֱӱӡУ˳󵹷ɳǧɡ
˴ľΪֵǶ
·һҶҶ΢΢ͷϾǵʵѡľǽˣڶӵĽ£ôһΪʱ˾ϾǣʱϾѡˣ϶֡
һʱ鷳ľͲǽˣϾǣҲûڵ䲻Ч
ϾһߣϽˣʮߣڼϽ뽣ܹһжǿߣо˲ת
ôĵͲ¡
֮ǰǱɵָŶŭǣδ˵꣬һͳȥ
ʣʮߴսϾǷ֮󣬳սǳһ浹ʮϢѾһ䡣
ҡǣԡʼˡɣҶ棬ͷͻȻ
ǽͣҶͷʡ
ԣͷɫ˲ҡ֡ᡭ
㻹Ǳɣ˵Ҿĺܣ
Ҷͷ˵Ļֱӻһʧԭء
ռһ˲ɱ
ǰͷȻǰۣǣԷʵȵ߻Ҫֲ࣬ûУֱʩչռһ˲ɱ
Ҷʧһ̣ͷͫȻһһ̣һѪܳǰ
䣡
һѪϣѪܾһƱ鲼ϣͷɾĳˣҶĽȴǽѪɫĻ
Ҷ˫΢Уһ˿أû뵽ԼܹһɱߵһȻⳤӸסˣ
ǳž֮ɫѪܿǵ۽ףȻȴǲ㱻һٵˡǱ鲼ƵѪܣ¡һ̣ҽ͵һ̤棬һȻͣ
ʱҶҲͬ͵һ̤棬һֱ̤ӱͬʱ洫Ҷ˫ս͵һ
죡
ǳٴαĳˣͬģҶĽȻѪ֮ϡѪ֮ϣԽԽˡ

ͷͻȻһŭһѪâȻѪ֮бȻҶȻҶȴǲܡ
ǹѪâֱӺҶϣҶȴһ¶ûУЩѪâȫҶ壬Ȼӿɱ¾֮֮С
Ϊʲôͷ㵡
°
ҶǷһĨЦݣ˫ս͵һ
죡
ͷֱӱĳ˽ǧɣҶҪʱͷȴǶȻһѪâʧڳУٴγʱѾǧ֮⡣Ȼ˫ֶҶȵժͷ
£ԶֵҶͻȻɫ䣬һֱ̣ѿһӣһѪ


1209 
һĻǽ֮ɫ˲ҰףԶͷǷһĨɭЦݡ
ʱͷ˾㵵Ŀ£Ҷ˿ھȻֱˣ
ôɡܣͷš
ҶԼ̧ͷͷˣޱȡ֮ǰһɲǣȻоԼȫѪҺǱʲô߶һ㣬رǺѪҺ·һĵȻڶ⳯˿
ڹؼʱ̣Сתһ£Щ߶ѪҺѹȻһĿֱӱͷȻֻǿܡȻѾһӣǣӲ˷ʹûСУҲܹƾ轣ѹѪ
Ҷ֮ģӦ˵ȫ䱸һʼûͷˣֻͷ˵칥ֶõ˸
㡭Ρ
ͷ˵ʲôҶȴûϻһʳҶϣһ̣⽣ʣȻҶ͵һΡ
ˣ
̶쳹ʣһճͷ˺նȥ
ٵնνּ⣬ӵĽֱǿĿֲ֮Ŀռֱӱ鿪δǿĽͽͷĳˡ
ͷͫһд󾪣һһѪܶʱǰȻҧԼ⣬һξѪûѪ֮УѪûѪ֮Ѫ֮ϵЩƶʱۿɼٶȻָѪܵıһѪɫıĻ
䣡
Ѫ֮ϣѪ֮ϵĺɫĻ˲ѣͷ˱һֱӵǧɣ
ͷ˸ͣ£һ˿֮ǰǵĽͻȻƿնǰѪ֮ϡ
䣡
Ѫܹѿͷٴαسǧɣ
һΣͷ˻δͣ£Ҷֱӻһ⳯ͷ˺Ҷٶ̫죬ʹͷѾȴ޿κΣģֻٴҧ⣬ȻԼľѪѪ֮ϡ
˿̣ԼǰѪģȻֻ·һ
ѪܱѪѪܾһٴθһѪɫĻѪɫĻոѪ֮ϣһֱӵѪ֮ϡ
䣡
ҶͷΧĿռֱӹѿͷ缸ھѪѪ֮ϣΣģǱ࣬Ȳġͬʱͷٴαһĳˡ
ȻҶȴͬƹ֮һٴγͷ˵ǰһΣҶûڳһ˫˫֮ϣ˲串Żɫۣţͷ˾Ŀ֮УҶǲ۵˫ץסѪܣ
ܣ
ͷд󺧣һѪܶʱתѪɫбȻҶȴǲܡЩѪɫоûҶ֮С
ҶǷһĨЦݣ˫͵Ѫܶʱ˹ѪȴǷѪͷоϵѾͷΪڱȻǲɵġǣƾҶ֡
Ҷ˿еѪܣȻֱӽӽСڡ
ѪܱҶСһ̣Զͷ˫۶ʱԲ
㻹Ǳ˵ĺã
Ҷ£˻һԶͷд󺧣޷ӣΪҶٶԶˣֻӲ
˲Ϣ䣬ͷü仹紦ͣΪҶĽͷ˫ָץסˡ
ҶǷһĨЦݣս͵һ
ͣ
ͷ˫ֱӱ飬ţҶϣֱײͷϡ
䣡
һ죬ͷֱӵ˳ȥУһƳգնͷˡڽҪͷʱһֻͻȻ˺ѿռ䣬ͷ˵ǰȻֱӽҶǵס
䣡
飬ʧһ߳ͷ˵ǰ
㡭
˵ҶȴͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾߵǰţҶ͵ذνһն
ͫһҴ⣬˫ֽճȭȻ͵سҶ
䣡
ȭཻߵ˫ֱӹѿţֱӱǧ֮⡣

ʱԶͻȻһҽ̧ۿȥֻһͷ˵ü䡣һĻ˫۶ʱ΢һ˿𾪡
ԶҶһУͷϵɽʱɵУţһӣͷֱӱյɽ֮С
ҶתͷߣЦ̲ס𣿡
һӣܶʱʮߡ
ʮߣ
ʱڵҲͣ
ʱߣҶĿߣֻʣ߿ܣϾһߣ뽣ֻһˡ߾Щˡ뽣˶ܹһжرǽһǿԵģˣǵ˵ģ䡣
ԭʮߣڣֻʣ˾ߡ
ʧأ
ǲˮ׺Լѩǵĳɫѿ˼㣬Σʧأûм꣬¶ָԪ
û뵽㱳ǽ
ʱһֳһȵӳʡ

ӣЩ߶ʱ΢΢һ񣬹

һĨâҽʱɣ
ҶԽ޼ǰصģ
ӵǣ㽣񹬣ǺǡԼļҶһȥһȺɥ֮ȮˡǲҲͰˣǣȴƫƫȻˣǾ㽣񹬰ɣ
ƾǣ
ʱͻȻóһ˸ϻǺǣĸУ
Ը
ӵһ۽ȻתͷһԵߵˣɱһ
£ӳ𣬶ǽ
УΪĳ֣ߴԭƱƣΪ߼ڵһжʮߣߣֻʣʮߣ
̫̫ˣ
ɫѿ
ʱɫҶ죬Ҫ˭ܾȵǸʲôˡģһᵱ潫㽣˵ȫɱ
ҶЦЦʵһֱڵ˳֣
Ϊʲôһԣһü
ҶߣǷһĨЦݣΪܹȫһˣ
ƾ㣿ǷһĨ
ƾң
Ҷ£˫˲Ѫ졣
죡
Ҷ
䣡
һѪҶ͵ɢѪһ̣еֱӱѪĳˡ


1210 սʮۣ
ף
е߾ؿҶУ˾ţ
ףҲǵ۽֮ϡֱ½һֶֻĹû뵽ҶоȻ
ǿɫѿ
ҶֳǰһգһѪƾճУѪһ̣һѪâȻȻͬʱһɿֲɷɱԼ˲ӿֳеȵߣ
ɱ
Ѫâ֮УҶ쳹𣬼һ̣һѪڳһ
ͣ
Զ嵱ӲһѪü伤˫Բһ̣ж뾪֡û뵽ԼȻһʥ߾һɱˡ֮ûУ
Ŀ
ת˲ʧڳСһ̣һѪٴһ
ͣ
Զһˮڵĵǰ㣬ü伤һѪ䱳ǱѪâҶת˲ʬʧԭء
һ̣˻عˣ
ɱɱ
һʧŭ
У߳ҶȥߵĵҲûţڵǿ߶ֵһ̣׷׳֡
ˮڵȵ߸ճ嵽ҶǰʱһƬѪɫȻҶվλúն
ƬѪɫȵǿߴ󺧣׷׳˿Ӳŵм߶ֻӲ
䡭
ֱӱѪɫ䵽ǧ֮⣬ߵ嶼㱻˿ߵ˫ֱָӱһն룬ǶĿ죬¶Ѿն˿
һĻǿк˼㣡
ʥߣʥߣ
ǿԴЩ£ǽ˴˿ҲǱҶסױҲûǿ̶ֳȰ
ɽ˽޼ɱֱӽΪסƷȻҲǴȻûҶɱǣʱڣӵŵ޼Щɱ
Ҫ֪Щɱɽʱ߶ҿңǸʱѾǵ۽׵춼ЩɱЩɱǺεȵĿֲڣҶЩɱ
̺ɱѾܹвߣڣּϽ޼ЩɱȻǳʱġңּҶ⣬ǺεȵĿֲ˵ռһ˲ɱһܹɱߣ
УҶ£һѪâһѪâҶŵӿ𣬱Ѫâ裬˿Ҷʱǣ˸ܵõҶɱ⣬رЩǿߡҶɱϢһֱǣ
ɱ
ʱѪâ֮ٴδҶһ̣Ҷ˻һѪ˿ʧ˳СҶʧһ̣ȵߺë˲߻δعһüֱһѪ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱɱҪ֣
УһЪ˹ŭ
Ȼ£һѪɫͳôߴ󺧣׼Ѫֵһ̣Դ΢΢һƫ
ͣ
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ʱЩ߷׷׳֣ȭӡӡиǵسҶȥ
ʮ֣Ŀֲ
ĩճĿռ䶼˿ǽҲɫһ䣬ʱЩĵǿǱҶɱ˰
֣
£ϾǻҶĿܳǿ߳˹ȥ
УһѪɫ԰ҶƬѪâ֮м俪ЩѪɫΪֲǵ߶Ӳֻѡ
Уսޱȡ
ȻҶֲܿǿ׼ˣҶҲû֮ǰǰһɱһΪнʮΧҶֻҪҶ֣ľʮߵֹΪҶǣƣбƵĽȴǽռϷ硣
ΧҶʮɫޱȣʮ˽ٴУ˿иѪɫֲ̫е۽׵ķȻǸӲΪס˭˭ģ
ɱ
ʱĩճ֮УʮͻȻ𣬳ǿ߳˹ȥ
ˣ
֮ǰ˲֣Ϊʵ̫⣬ǳڣѾռϷ磬ǳסߣһ˵ƻԡҪǣҪҶȡᣡ
ʲô᣿ʮΧĻᣡ
ĿΧҶʮߣȻ˳ֺʮɫһ䡣ܿ죬һ߳ӭ˹ȥǿĶһЩ۵ϣһ߾ԣ
ܿ죬Ǿͺˡ
Ϊڶʮ޵Χ£Ӿͱɱˣ
ɱ
£ʮٴγΧҶľ߳˹ȥ
ң
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½
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£˳Ǿ߳˹ȥ
һΣǾ߲ڴ⣬ɳȥԿ½ˡ뿪ʣµɫʱ䣬һæȵ
ͣ
£һѪɫͻȻûü֮УѪɫδʧǵԺһѪʧʾͷ
ӣ
ʱΧɱҶ׺û˿ԥ´ΧļˮڵתӡһԵǷѩǳѩ÷׺ӣԥһ£Ҳߣ
ʱҶѾǵļҵȫҪطˡǲȻҪӵġ

һԣһǿŭȡȻˮѩû
ܿ죬׺ѩǿȫ롣Уֻʣߣ
㲡Ҫ˶Ҫ֣ʱһӰͻȻ׹¡
һĻɫ䣬ΪӰǽ
һǽס
ۣ
ǽѪȴýһΪţ
һԵҲһΪӣҲǰ
ɨһ۳Уɫû뵽ԵƾȻ˲Ұܣ
ֻգǺܿ죬˿һԱѪâҶ׽ҵص͹ˡ˵⣬˶٣ֵ֮£ʹգ㽣ڴ½ĵλպǾˮˮҡ
ҽҪϣϼ
Ѫâ֮УҶɱһ
£Ҷ˻һѪɫ⳯ӱȥ


1211 ǧ׷ɱ
ɱ
Ҳڳ𣬺ܿ죬н˷׷׳˳˹ȥ
ʱҪͣҶӦǽ˵ҲӦ޴ˣҪ֮ͣ٣ΪʱʵԶңҲͣͣ޷Ȩ֮ưˡ
㣬Ҷ˵Ҳ
Ҷ֣ɫɱ֣ʱǰһתȶȻչǵѪɫǰ
죡
ȾһӳʮһĨأȻû뵽ҶһȻ˵Ŀֲ
ʱҶͻȻӵǰȻһѪ϶͵سӺ¡
˫΢УҴ⣬ӿһɿֲڱӿҶȻƸճֱӱҶѪ̺֮ɱԼˡͫһɫһ䣬һϣȻ͵سҶǱѪ˹ȥ
䣡
ֱӱҶһĳ׹ȥһ̣ͻȻһ׹
УҶѪ˫۶ȻһУȻ˫еѪٴ͵سһ
䣡
ǲ
ȽײΧĿռֱӹѿҶһ֮£ٴαĳ·׹ȥ
УҶ嵹ȻһѪɫ⳯·ӵȥ
·ӼҶͫһһ̣һת͵չȻһɫг𣬺ҶǣǰɫӴҶѪʱ˲ͱҶĽ˺˿ҶٶȲ˲ӵͷ
ͫٴһһΣ˾֮ɫҶ⽣̫Ϭˡʹ˿Ĵ⣡
ڱһתȳӭ籩ǣҶǰʱѾа֮УȻһǧɵİɫǵɫٶȼ죬գۼͺҶѪ֮ϡ
䣡
ҶеѪһҶɫķɵǧ⡣
ʤ׷ȻʱһͻȻһҽתͷȥֻһü䱻̳һѪУԭߣֻʣһĻ˫ֽգ֡
Ӳûж֣һӣ
ʱѾȥڼսʣµ⼸߶ύȻǿûǿߵĵزÿһߣ
ӵĻļû˿ɣתӡ
ʱԶҶͻȻҽ͵һ̤գȻ˻һѪɫʧԭأٴγʱѾǧ֮⡣һ߾ǿߡ
ͣ
һѪü伤ת˲ʬʧԭء

Զ֣һֱӳҶǰţ͵سҶ˹ȥ
ȥ׷ɱߵҶòͣ£ת˲νӡĵȻҲǵߣǶԷһߣʵǿҲ˿Ĵӡ
䣡
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ʹӣҲȲҶ˵֮УܹҶȵġ
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֪˶ãдһܿ죬֮ϵһӻվ

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1212 ֮ϣ
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˫۶ȻԲˣУ˾֮ɫ
ԶҶվûȥӣǿеСףɪɪСףҶһᡣСǰعˣĵӺСرСΣȻ¼ˣȴûѡ
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һԣһƬҡ


1213 ˣҶţ
֮У˱ǹѹѹ޷мжһƬҡ
߾֮߾߾ǿߣ½ѾܶܶûгֹˡûУû̶ֳȵǿߣһ㶫ѾǵȤˡˣ½˶ǱʶǵĴڡ
û뵽Ȼ߾ǿߣ

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Ҷɫ߾ǿߣȻġ磬ŮֵǿӦþ߾ǣûԷ֡һʼн֣ʱԷֻһ߷Էֺ󣬵ŮҲˡ
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£ꡰಡһֱûҶüġ


1214 ɻ
ûз֣ûҶüʱҶǷһĨЦݡ
ûҶüģͿʼҶȨĵһ¾ɵҶꡣ
ȻʱҶڵСͻȻת
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뿪壬ȻҲһʵǣʵҪԭ߰˲ϡΪûΪý飬һЩרߣȻһͨ޷ʩչҶڣСеĵ̣߲Լ
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ҹ˫ֽգɫЩ⶯
״ԬҲæҹųⲻǱҶѾˣûҪڼһˣֻҪǴҺպ˱ضΪ½һΪʱѾûǣңǳƷһƷֻҪǴЭδĴ½ǵģ
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ס죡
ʱīͻȻŭȣĿ˪ϣһ˿֮ǰҶڳеλ⣬ǷͿ㲻ˬˡڣûҶҿ˭ܱ㣡˵ţһӣץǴãô涼ԣ
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ԣ˪ɫʱһףæҹƣȻҹȴ΢΢ͷĬ


1215 ֶΣ
ţ
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˪һɣīϵâ˸ɫơ
ҹƿīϵһۣǾôȲ𣿡
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ԬҲҹųǲǱҶΪԼı·ҶյΪ˾ʦڳߣλһ֮£֮ϡǺǽ˾ǵ֮
ҹƿһԬ壬ԬųһҶģû뵽ôҶǻ𣿹ϾʯЩԭֻЩʯĵӲеĶǶУǡ
ʩᣡ
īϴҹƵĻҹųҲ֪Ԭģ㿴Ԭųڽʲôʲô㲻ϣ㿴ǣڽʲô˵ţͻȻָһԵ˪ڽڵĵλ˶ȲϣΪʲôʲôûУ
ʱԬҹųλǣϣΪȷʵڣǣ˪ƾʲôλǸߣңҶϾʯԶõһƾʲô
˪Сֽգû˵
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īֵֻһ£ҶĲصڣǲҪɫˡڣ˵һУԼҹųһ飬ԸԸ⵱˵
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ߵĴ£ЩҹǰߵѾͷΪҶѾ˺ܶˣʵûҪΪ
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ߵѾͷΪáΪŻѪǻʲôһȫ˵㡭
ס죡
ҹͻȻߵߵǰ˫ͨ죬ʹ֮ɫãͻȻԸԼǵ
üͷһ壬⡣
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˵ֱӼӲס˪⣬һɿֻŸڵ֮˿һЩ˸ֱ̱˵ϡ
ΪҶģ
Ҷ߽˴֮УҶһ̣īԬɫһ̼ѿǵ鲻ԽǰۣʵȻеġǣҶ̫¡£ֹҶʵֶΣ
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Ҷ˪ĺ󱳣ЦҲǸ˵һġ
˪һ̧ͷҶǲͻˣ
Ҷ˪Դ£
϶ǣ˪һҶ
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Ҷǽ˵ľ֧Ҷڣ˿϶磬Ҳ뿪ˡ֮ڽˣ˵ȫΪҶҲֻҶǸڽˡΪʱҶн׷Ŀ꣡
ڶ½˳ֺ󣬽뽣ԼҲˡ
һΪزˣ鿴Ҷ
ҶЦЦȷʵͻزˡ
鿴һҶûҶôġɨһ۳еԬˣȻǲ֣Ϊڲ飬˵ڲȫѾͷܡȻҪǣز⽣˵¾͸ûаϵΪǻ뿪
Щ½һ뽣ΪҶΪҶĽ˲ϣûҶĽˣԬȻһӴЩУ㲻ϡǸҶΪҶйͬĿ꣬īϵǰΪһӬͷС
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˵ţһԹŵҹƣ֪һţƳǣû֪ͨҹκˣ֮ǰҹȴ֪ˡ
ܣҹƵ
ԣҶˡ֮ǰȥʱʣµĵ߿ܶҹߣΪǵ߿ܵˣǿܱضʧЧǿܵڶڣ֤Ҷš
ҶһҹƣȻֽжϥлƽŮϥҲУ𶯲͹𣿡
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ҴˣĴˣ
ʱԬɿԼ⣬뽣ڵҵһ뽣飡
뽣飡
Ԭſ˵ϣġ
һԣ½˳Ĭ

ʱҹԥ£˵ʲôҶȴǰ˰֣Ҷ˲ңҲˣңұɱˣ
˵ţҶɨһԬˣˣʴ֮ģǣҲֶΡǽѱߣж٣ɱ٣һ


1216 Ѫζ̫Ϥˣ
Ҷ£ڳвݺᣬܿ죬һҽڳв

ҵ֪
Ҷ㲻ú㲻ú

һᣬҶǰʣ¼ʮˣʮȫɻӶŵˣȻҶûǳ֣Ǵʱ⼸ʮ˵ȶڲվվˡ
ȴһһԵҹҲǣʱҶͻȻֵɱǣΪƵϡԽڲһоûǶֵܣҲ뺮ġǣ⣬ӡ˿ǲǽ˵ˣҲĩճڿǵӰҿңǾһΣ
ԣɻӶŵһɣΪǱסˡǣæҹƣϣҹڽˡ
ڵĸ˵ŵӶȲϣһ뿪ЩʧȥǣҲҪ»صǰƯӡҪǣû˽˱ӣ棬ʱܱ˸ɵ
ҹƿɻӶŵһۣȻҡҡͷѾõĽˡȥ飬ǲ֪Ȥˡ
ҹҡͷɻӶŵɫʱѿ
ʱҶͻȻתͷһԵĶ½ˣлһЩѱˣȥ֮ǰԣһҪ
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ҽǸߣ𣿡Ҷ
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Ҷ˵ûһˣ˵İǿ߿϶Ҫʧ߳ϣڰµģ»ࡣסǣһѡɱ
Ϊʲôҹ̧ͷҶ
ҶЩˣʵһϵĶǽʹǲǿܻẦȫҲϣĶ
ҹƳĬãȻǺܴǴˣ׵ġˣʵҶĽ˲ĽˣһǿĽˡʹڽܸߣǣûҶû塣
ΪΣΪûҶЩǿ߶뿪Щǿһ뿪ʱĽ˾һȺں֮ڣ
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ҶǾһزˣ±˽ˣԲżŶ֡ʵҺġһ뵽Ļزˣ˪Щѱ˵³Ҿû顣
ףҹƵȻīϵҪ⣬Էʱסĩճǣһĩճȶīϵ˳ˡʱīϵ˵һɱľ
ҶһΣţ˻κʱҪŽᡣ˵ţҶһҹƣȻʵվǵˣ취Լﵽߣ
ûʲôʱˣҹ΢΢ҡͷڽڲ鶼ڹܣ˵ĩճæһ
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ҵѡ񣡡ҹЦЦ֮ǰ˵ǰҸϲ֡
Ҷ˵ͷָһһöɫӳҹƵǰ컯Ҳ֪ܲܰߣʹܰߣҲкܴĺô
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ҶЦЦǽǲһãҲרŽģ
ҹƵ˵ͷѾ߹ģ
Ҷ˵ͷȻָһһöɽҹǰ׼۽Ӱ˵ĶûãкʵľԼ£ûУͷðɡ֮㣬㰲žͺã
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ȥɣҶ
ҹƶҶ΢΢һȻתȥҪ뿪ʱҶͻȻȻѾ뿪ƳˣǣϾĸݵأһЩȥɣʲô˶ԣ
ҹһãһл˵꣬ҹ߳˴ϣһɨ֮ǰƣ͸һõЦݡ
ҹƱӰʧԶҶҲ¶һĨЦݡһӣ˾ʬǰʬ壬һǰͷˡҶ׼ʼƣͻȻĿͷ˵ǰһϸСѪɫС֡
ָһͷǰ·ֱӱ˺ѿͷǰȻһϸСѪ֡
ЩСãҶüͷͷû뵽ͷϾȻһһһҪ֪ɲǵ۽ֶʹҲš
ã뵽֮ǰԼ㱻ҶĿЩСϡܹ죬ǳ죬ֱӱͷˡֶֹΣѧѧ
ſţҶɫΪֲܿǿƶڵѪӶڲ𹥻ƶֵѪҺ˷ʤΪڶԵʱ˻ȥעԼڣʱʱ̿ѹԼڵѪһСйؼʱ̳ѹܶҪп
ͷܹ֮նۣʵľ
Ҷ֣£ͲͷˣǿֱڵѪȻͷãΪʲôΪѪȣΪ

ҶǷһĨЦݣǡͷȻʼƿܡȻн˵ļ룬ڵǣ˭ӵ߶ࣿ
һ߾ͷˣѶȣǶ˵Ѿûʲô̫⡣
ڽеʬ嶼Ƴɹǰսд߿ܣһʮһ߿ܣڼϽˣڽ˵ĵǿ߾ʮ
ƳɹҶʼͷ
ͷҶҪ򵥣ΪһԱ˵ǳ̶ȴ򵥵ҪǾǱӦڵѪ
Ѫζ̫Ϥˣ


1217 Ϊǿ
ʱһȥ
Ҷ뿪ңٿ顣
֮УʱĽڣǰһЩˣЩٵȻˡ
βѱˣһж٣ҶĿҹϡ
ҹƵǿ߽λʥ߾ǿǧࡣ
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼ¾ʹ˽ҹѩԼǲˮˣ
ѱϾռ죡
ҹƵѩˮѾɽ֮⣬ûκζȥȰҲԸͶ
˵Ҷ
ҹƵҪǰԸ⳼ǣÿǽһöϾʯǣǲ뽣ˣ
Ц
ҶҡҡͷڵǣȻΪԼ̸ʸ񡣡˵ţҶվҾ÷ѩˮûбҪˡ
̧ͷҶѪҺڷڡ
ΪҶ仰ˮѩʯڴ½ʧ
ȥɣ
ʱվ˳һԶĶ½ˣСһȱǿֵ߽ĻᣬһΣˮѩǾ͵Ǹˡңһ֮ûҪ±عס
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷȻˣǲˮѩǵ¾ͽǰˡ
˵ͷȻ½ˣϣʮһ²׼ϴ裬ѹ·ĩճһȦ
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ʱһҶȥ˵ǽ
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ֵǳɹʱڼĽΪۣʮߣҲܹסвṩĽ⣬һҲҴ󡣡
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⣬°ɣҶ
˶Ҷ΢΢һȻת߳˴
Ҷ׼չȹ̸ұչڼ䣬֮ǰһɽǰ˵ţһӣʮһܳҹƵǰ߿ܣ˵󣬵Ƕȴкܴ߿ܱ˪Լš
ΪʲôôңҹֱҶͻȻʡǰҶʶ˻ֹìܡ뽣˺ҶΣ֮ϡ
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ٻɣҹƵ
ΪҾһǳԭˣ飬ôأҶЦ
ҹƿһҶֵ滰أ
ҶΪǿǿ㱳ѣǿ㲻ұѣ
ҹ㶣Ȼ΢΢ͷ֪ʲô
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ҹ̧ͷҶΣһЦˡúñչذɣ˵һᴦõġ
Ҷ˵ͷͻȻ뵽ʲôʵҵ𣿡
ҹҡҡͷû֪ǵĴӪЩĵ߾ǿȫ䡭һ׷顣
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ҹƵһģˣҽһ֧˵鱨ϵͳϵͳɲš
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˵Ů֮ԼҲûǡ磬˫½а¹ԺˣЩ˴ʱ϶ڵȥǸνʲôػˣҲܹġ
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ڵ֮ȹ̸Ϊֻиȹˣ̵ܹ̰ۣߣ
£תһ¹ȥ
һ£½£ѩˮڱ𣬽ռ˷ѩˮڡ½Щ½ʣ˽Ͼǡرǽˣչٶȼֱݡ
˲ˮѩǺ󣬽˵ƴﵽ۷壬ɢ뽣ĽҪ뽣ˡڵĽҲϸˣֻմﵽ۵ǿߣЩ츳رõˡ
˵ʱĽˣȵƻҪ
˵ϴҶȴ˼һ㣬һû¶档
ת¹ȥԽԽǿ󣬴ʱĽˣһжҹڽ˵ϴҶһЩ˶ѾˡرЩռ뽣˵ˣΪǴδҶ
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ֹȥһ£ĳһ죬ҹǰǰʱͻȻ򿪡״ҹ΢΢һ漴һϲȻ߽ڡ
ǵʱȴסˣΪڿտҲ
ҹɨһۣܿ죬֣ǵذһ֣
ȥѰһ


1218 ʮߣ
ĩճ⣬ҶĩճãȻתȥ
ڵĽѾ죬ûǿУȥԼҪˡһΣĿĵؾǽַ
ȻǸطǽ޵ĽأǵȥѾһ꣬ʱ䲻ˡǸ½޵ǿߣҲ˲ˡ
ȻҲĿŵȥֻҪڼϽ䣬ǶԷʱ̹עȻѷһޣֻǲýӰҲڵʹýҲܹѹߣ
ΪʱѾмʥ
µĸȹ̣ǰʵµѾûѹԼľ磬ˣʱѾмʥߡûȥ̸߼ʥߣ˵ˮã
µʱ䣬רȹ̸ȹ̸ÿ컹ֳһЩʱָһͷնνԼռһ˲ɱرָһͷѧᣬҪϰУ
µϰļŽرͷںͷ
һΣҶһװ硣ԭϲһ׻Ľ³ۣõҲǽһȣҲûǰϬϴŵЦݣÿһͷǳɧչɿ¡
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ʱװ磬û˻һޣʹҹ˪ҲԼǲϴˣ
ҶһƥϣСɰԶȥϣСסСǰˮ۾ҶգգȻʱʱԴҶ°ͣ߳Ҷעʱ͵͵һҶ°ͣÿһ˫۽գһ˯ŵģ
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ҶһЦС׺ݺһ£Ȼµİ٣һ׺糯Զȥ
ϣҶСףлǰ˵Ĺڽַ
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ȻΪȴˣٲȻһС½ʱС½ȴޱȡԽ޾Ͳ˵ˣûн޸̤㽣
˽ޣһҲǲ̤룬ΪʱȻȻ𣬵ལȻڣЩ󣬼ʹǵ߾ǿ߶ܹɱ˽󣬻Թ顣
ΪԹ飿ǽ񹬵ǿ߲ꡣѣʵĵӣ𡣵ǣЩʵǳǿǿȻ٣ǻ˻ǴЩǣΪԹ飡
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ȻĽȻ˿£ǿǰǰΪıʵ̫ˡ
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ʱͻȻͣͬʱǰ洫һģ£
ҶȥǰԶվһŮӡдԼʮ꣬ǰۣŮӿʮ꣬һϮȹݣʤѩȻЩۣȴһӡ
ղ˵Ůӣ
ҶˣЩ𾪣츳ܲرȹŮӣСС;Ѿﵽ߼ʥߣҿϢҲֻа벽֮ңˡ
Ȼˣֵ𾪡֣˾Ȼǽޣ˵Ľ⾹Ȼﵽ޾
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㿴ʲôʱŮߵӼҶȹŮӿʱŭȵ
ԣҶعȻЦЦ˵ʱŮͻȻһߵӣ磬ʲôҿǴҺÿ˵ţҶǲǣ
Ҷ㶣ȻͷһȹŮӣȷʵܺÿ
ȹŮ΢ƣȻָҶϵСףôÿ͸Һòã
СգգۣȻæҡͷСצҶĲӡ
ҲˣҶ
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ȹŮһĿⲻشСƿҶϣ£֪ĩճô𣿡
ĩճǣ
Ҷ΢΢һȻҪȥĩճǣ
ȹŮӵ˵ͷȻĩճǿ½ĵطǵȻҪȥ
½ĵطҶЩ⡣
ĩճǵĽ˽ҶѾﵽ޾֮ϣ޾֮ϰԽ޼ǰ֮Ǵ½ΨһһأȹŮ˵ţ¶˳֮ɫ˵ᣬǲ֪˧˧
Ҷɫǳ˧ǳ˧
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ģȹŮ۾һ
Ʒ֤Ҷɫ
ȹŮӴһҶȻ˻˵䡣⸱磬ӦһӵܡҸ㣬ǲеģڴ½ʥ߾ϣֳ죬ױɱģ
ҶӣҶҲʥ߾𣿡
ܸ𣿡
ȹŮͻȻ񱻲ȵβ͵СҰèŭҶܸȻֻʥ߾Ǵ½һޣңһ֮ʮߣ㣡
ʮߣҶգգۣû°ɣһ֮ԿʮߵУʮ
˭˵ûУȹŮŭҶô˵УȻһŶʮ꣬һʥ߾ǣѾܹɱɱһǵ½ǿϴ㣬㣡
ôݣҶЩ˼ˡԥ£ǫʵʵҲûô㣬ҲһͨˣҲȱ㣬ģ㡭

ȹŮͻȻγĳֱָҶŭ㾹Ȼҵż񣬽죬
˵꣬ȹŮս͵һһһֻεķʽֱҶ
ȹŮӶ֣ҶֱĿɿڴ


1219 äŮ
ҶĿɿڴôԼ
ǵҪҶǰʱһͻȻƿնȹŮӵǵ顣
ҶȹŮߵ֮ǰȹŮӳƺӣֵ
ӿһȹŮӣ棬ˡ
ȹŮӲؿһӣ磬ˡУĳݶҲѵѵ
ҳҶǣҲ԰
ӵ㿴㣬˵һ䲻ǣôУ
ôУ
ȹŮӵ磬Ҹ㣬˭˵ҶҾʹ˵ţתͷҶõǸȻҾʹ㣡
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ȹŮӵĶ׼˵ʲôȹŮͻȻתͷֶɣڰȻȥҾ͸ɩ˵Ůüȥ
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ǽֶɵӵۣѾͷ뺦ǲǣ
һȻתͷҶγ˳ǸǲǸ
ҶӣЩЦãʲô£ԼԼǸ
ǸɣʱֶɿҶ㲻ǽޣ֪Ҷеĵλô˵˵棬Ҷе㲻˳ˡ
еĵλҶЩʡ
ֶɵ½ʷ޾֮ϵǿߣһλĽ޼ǰһλҶֻʵǿ׷Ľһ£һ£ǣʵǿΪǽ顣˵ǸĿɣ
ĿꣿҶ⡣
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ֶ˵⣬ɫȻ𾴣һ˿ݡ
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ҶĬû뵽Լ˵һ仰ȻЩ˳ݡرСѾͷֱ̫ˣ
ĬһᣬҶɨһۣҪǰĩճǣ뽣𣿡
ֶɵ˵ͷ˵ڽЩ޷飬ܹﵽ޾֮ϣضж֮׼ȥѧϰңڽڿǾۼ˲½Ľޣȥţ˿϶ܹкܶջ񣡡
ȥȷʵкܴҶЦ
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棬߰ɣʱұߵҲͻȻ
ִɣֶɣ㣬ǡ
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ҶϣСָָԶĹۺǣ۾գѽգǽҶȥ
ҶС׵ԴȻۺǣһ˿죬ΪۺڣȻƷŨʹڳⶼܹܵ
Ʒۺǿ϶ƿءҶ£ȻתȥεĿǽַ
ߣҶ֣ںͦģгȺӵģҲеһ˵ģЩˣʵ͵Ķǰۡʮߡ
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Ҷɨ˳һۣĿԲԶһŮϣŮһϮɫ£һɫ磬ɴòȻòŮȴǼãرǽﹴ£Եûˡ
ǲҶĿ⣬ŮͻȻתͷҶ
ҶŮ΢΢ͷŮӿһҶȻҲ˵ͷ
Էûоǧ֮⣬ҶߵŮԣҶ
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ԣưѹ֡˵ţָָǰĺ򣬵ƬǺĵ̣У۽˰۽ޣ۽Ҳв١ɣǲˡ
ԭްҶڨЦЦֵۺܹסЩޣ
ưҡҡͷۺܵסЩޣǣǹۺǵĵۺۺƺ뺣ʲôЭ飬ֻҪǵĵۺͲṥ
ԭˣҶ˵ͷЩޣҲɵҪɹȥΪѡɹȥض鷳
ˣʱưͻȻתͷԶ
Ҷ֣ưɫư࣬ɫ˳˵Ŀ⣬Ҷתͷȥ
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Ůδʩ죬ȴǷ΢һ£һλˡ
ܿ죬ŮߵǿʯϣȻ棬Զ󺣣һҲһܡ
Ҷ֣ŮӴӳֵڣ˫۾һֱǱŵġ
˭Ҷתͷư࣬ʡ
ưĬãȻû֪˭Ϊδ۹ԣǶƺΪäŮ
äŮ
Ҷգգۣԭء


1220 ۣ춼ҪϹ
֣Ҷ뵽ڤ
תͷǲȹŮӣԥ£Ȼ󳯲ȹŮȥȷһ£Էǲڤĵ¡ΪڤŮ˵Եʣڤʵкøеġ
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꣬ư΢΢ͷ֪ʲô
ҶĬΣȻһꣿ
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Ȼû˻һͨˡһܹõ߾۷ǿ𾴵ˣһͨ
Ҷ˵֪Էǲڤĵ£
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ͣʮ˴ӺЩ֮Уʵ͵ĶǰۣߡʱʮɫЩѿ
ʮûκ˵ƽͿ첽ʧС
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˶˺һ߳ǰλ¹ۺǹۡλӦö֪ҹۺǵĹأһҪ˵һ飬֮ϣö֡λʲôԹ˺ȥ򣬱ҹۺǲ档
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ʱҶͻȻվ˳ư࣬ƹȻ˵ôޣҲˡһӦͬĸãһȴڴ⣬ҶⱲҲǼʶ̬ˣֱ̬ǵһμǼʶˡ
ԶͻȻתߵҶǰֱҶˣҪ֪Ӣ۾ȿԼǸʲôɫ֪ԼǸʲôɫ֪㡣УһĻɫ𣿡
˵꣬ЦЦȻһʧư࣬ҵģûж٣Ҫ֪Ϊ˵һ죬Ѿ̫ˡԣһչأҾ㣬ڣ
ʱҶתͷۣϲ׼֣
ۿһҶ˵ʱҶֵУʵ̲סˡ⣬ȴ˵ɣ
˵꣬˵Ŀ֮УҶֱʧԭء


1221 Ѫȣñõ
ҶٴγʱѾǰȻһȭĸ
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⧲£δع͸оһʹȻھѪţ˳󵹷ɳȥ
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ΪҶѾһϢǰ
ϣ˵ĿⶼҶϣ˶û뵽ҶȻҶ֣ǹۺǵĵ̰
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˵⣬ҶЦЦղ仰˵ڻ㡣ġģ˵ģڣʵ˵ġ
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жԱ˻ãǶҶ
˵Ŀ֮УҶͻȻץסұۣȻ󡭡ǲһֱֱ֧ӱҶӲ

һĲҽ쳹
ϣͫһѪȣñõ
ͣ˽ŲҶȻɫƽȴɢļµΣոС
ԱߵǺɫֱӰ˶û뵽ҶȻߵ»ôһΣ˲ڻҶҲɱˡ
Ҷԣư࿴һҶû˵ȴǳҶ߿˿
ҶĿͣ½Ųϣ˵е棬ʲôϵ

ʱҶԵưƼҸؼҶңҽá
ԭˣ
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ۿһۺߣԼɣ˵꣬תͷһҶȻתȥ
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Ҷʼ磬ȷʵ߳۸ư࣬ưȻ鲻Ҳʶһȣʵеû뵽ĳõĸ
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ΪʲôҶ⡣
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֪ˣҶͻȻʡ
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ҶĬȷʵڵĽǶǿߣЩҲ壬ˣٽ⣬֪߾ǿܲܿסٽ磡
ʱưͻȻֵʵ˺ܲǣ
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ΪʲôôҶü
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ư࿴һҶ鱨йҵ
ԣҶ۾һҹȻǿһ˹ĩճ뽣ˣʵһЩиܹæûưͷǳʰȻֻǺʣȻھöԷ뽣ˣң˼ҲһӦȥ
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ư˵꣬жһذףȻҶ˾㵵Ŀ֮У͵ضĿ²ȥ

ϣһɱҽ
Ҷ


1222 Ƣױ꣡
˶סˣҶ
˶û뵽ưྐྵȻֱӷϵӡȻﵽۣܹ֫ǶӾʹ࣬û飡
鴤ţϷһ

һԣǺ˻ع߾Ҫ֣ʱҶĽȴǲԴϡһĻæͣԭԱҪֵҲסû˵ֻǾҶ
ɵӶ֪¾ûˡ
ҶӺˣһư࣬û˵
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Ҷһư࣬˭ԼҪֵأ£㣬Լѡ񡣡
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˿ҶͻȻư࣬ƹ֮ǰ˵ģڵĴǺܿǣ
Ҷʻưһ̧ͷһҶҶûһɣȻ̫죬ǽҶ̫ȻЩŵļɵǵӡԣһŷͻǼпܻõֶԸߣǣͷܻΪǿ
Ҷ˫΢Уò˵ư˵ĺ̫죬ʱĽˣѾܹвڵˡȻЩļɵûзʲôͻãһͻ˵Ĵĺ⣡
Ҫ֪ЩԽ˿ָƣǣ˶Щȴһ֪
ĬһᣬҶư࣬ƹý˸ӦԵµĴ
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˵ĴȻǣҲ壬ʱĽˣѾǵĽˣҪ֣Ҳõ
ĬãҶջ˼Ȼתͷ˽񵺵ķ
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а취ưֱҶ߰ɡ
ʱǺԵһ˵ʲôȴֹڶ˵ȫҪġ
Ҷһư࣬˵ͷȻһԾ˺


1223 һҲ
ڼҶԾºưһĨȻ˫ۻеذյĸˡ
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䣡
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ǽݻ¶ҪٴγʱԶͻȻһХХݻͫһֱתһڽݻʧԶ֮С
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Թ氡ҶҡҡͷʵûʲôУû취ûжУ޶ûС
ջ˼Ҷ߰ɣ
˵ţҶҪʱƼҵĺͻȻ˲Զ
Ǻ߼Ҷưʱһ㶣Ȼɫ˲ҵˣ
ҶԭҪӣΪƾԿߣܿ죬ֻ֣кһˡɨһܣǼأ
ӦǷֿǣư
ҶգգۣתͷǺߣ㵵һҲ


1224 һӣ
Ը㣬һӣ
˫΢УȻô˵ȴǰ䱸
ܹﵽߣʲô֮ǰҶһȭѾõӡҲ壬ΪȻܲҶľ磬ǣֱҶҲǰۡ԰ۣҪη
ȷϺֻһ˺ҶǷһĨЦݣԷһɵһϾڲʩչ⡣һˡҶЦݽҲϻưڵϣȻʧԭأ
ҶʧǺ˫΢Ужһ˿أмһ־֪ûУҶٶȣ⣡룬ΪҶȭͷѾǰȭͷ̺֮ĿֲҴ⣬˫ƵӣȻ͵سҶӡ˹ȥ
죡
ȭײһը죬˫۾һȻֱӱسɡȻδͣ£ҶȴǹسǰȻҶ̧žͶһǱȡ
һţ磬ɽ
Ϊ̫죬߸޷ֻһҶһȡ
죡
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ȻҶȴϣȻȭͬһ㳯Ǻȥ
ѹƣ
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һԵư࿴Ŀɿڴû뵽һλߣȻᱻһλ۴ĺ޻֮
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죡
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죡
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֣ǷԨɫһ䡣
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һԵư࿴һСףϲ֮ɫΡ
СױκСצԶһָһָҶưɫȴѿС׵£Ⱥ֮УͻȻལݻһٶֻΪ׵ģ֮ǰֻɫݻһΣԱߣֶһֻɫĽݻ
ֻ۽׽ݻһٶ۽׽ݻ
ǺǣҶ
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Ҷȥʱһ㶣ΪֻݻʼһֻʱֻݻģЩѿΪԷԴĶˡ
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ʵܹշЩݻһ֧ţ϶ǿʱưȻ
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1225 
ͣҶư˾ͱЩݻΧ
ҶĿЩݻϣһĨȡЩݻͶǰ۽ףǿһǳǿ
Ҫ֪ǿߴﵽһܹвߵģرЩݻЩݻһ۽ޡڣȻȵ۽ޣǣЩݻһӵϣƾĻҲֻӵķݡʵʮֻ۽׽ݻѾܹвˡ
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ǰ뽣࣬ڣﵽĽѾԶڵ侳Ѿе㲻ˡ
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һڱӿ˲佫ЩݻƸ赲һ̣Ҷҽ͵һ̤棬Ȼ˳Ϊ׵Ľɫݻȥ

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Уˣģѣ
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չ
ĽչҶԣưʧ
Ҷ˵ͷһ˿˷ܣЩչԵЩҪ󣡶ϣٶţ
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ҶҪȡЩЩչʱɫͻȻһ䣬תͷԶԶ֪ʱһߡ
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ư࿴һߣû˵ʶҶʵ󣬱˵һߣߣˡ
ûйҶ̧ͷǿŽչöȥ壬ֵʮϾʯ
˵꣬һԵҶ֮ǰںϣҼǣû뵽˻ܹǼлЩʵ˵ţָָǽзݣƽ֣
ҶȴæҡͷʵΪЩǰģҪǰģǰȥ
ư࿴һҶû˵
߿һҶͦµģǾһˡ
лǰ
˵꣬ҶסưȻ󳯺ȥ
߿һҶԥһǽչȥ
Ҷû͵ϮߣǱưתܡ

ܳɺȻһزҽ
֮ǰǻߵģ
ư࿴ҶȴǷҶɫޱأһĻưһݣתͷȥ֪ʲôɫ˲ҰףȻһ±סҶ
СףֱǱˡ
ҶܱĴԼţ棬̵Ŀ


1226 Ӹƴˣ
ڲ
ҶԼٶ˼£ʱ޲Լȡ
ҶưһȴɽľԳԳǰҶưֻ࣬ϡʱԳڳҶư׷ȥȻ;޴󣬵ٶһҲÿһεţضΪ
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ӳϿȵһ˲Ͽȵĵ涼ʼˡǵ棬ǸһֻſľԳֻǲ֪˶ã϶һʯԼӲݣ˿ǵ桭
һ뵽֮ǰԼȻվһֻ޵ϣʹҶܷʣ亹
ڱС
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ԣҶɫһ䣬ԷٶȻҲܿ죬ΪԵʣڿҲޣԷСٶȿ϶࣡
ʱһɿֲѹͻȻҶưϣѹ٣ưɫʱʹҶٶҲһ̻
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ԳҶ͵ؾһȭ˹ȥҶҲʾ͵һźԳ˹ȥ

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һһ޾ؿʣɫޱȣסˡϢһһ޽ŵĿ֮УʵĿռѷ컺


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1229 µĿ׼
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ҶɨһܣȻЩвڿӣȴû˳ԭȻΪһߣ
ҶջĿ⣬ư࣬㲻ӦưʵȻǷŵطԵˡˣͶǰۣҶ׺֮ưȻҲǰۣս̫٣ҲȱٺݾײĴڡ
ưĬƬ̣Ȼ֮ΪǸױչأҲò뿪ƼңȻ㿪֮⣬һԭ򣬾ƴһѣ
ƴһѣ뷨
ҶǣҲҪСرһŮˡҲŮˣֻӦҲףΪŮˣûǿʵǷǳΣյġ
Ҷ⻰˵ķǳԣ
ʱֻͻȻ˹ЦƹΪŮӣ棬ȷʵΣաģֻڣܹƹȫ
ư࿴һֻģлֹӺ⣡
ֻЦЦ֮䣬ô˵ţҶҶ֣ŮûǿʵΣգ˵ĺܶԡǣ˵ûʵҲΣյġˡֱԣҶ֣ʵе
Ҷ㶣￴ˣҪ֪ýԼϢ˵Էһۣ߾ǿ߶ľ磡
ֻĴһҶЦȻ֪Ҷʲô취ԼϢҶܲǵ߰ɣȻǵߣӦþǰˣ԰ɣ
Ҷ
Ҷ֣ʲô飿˵ʥߣֻЦ
Ҷ̯̯֣µĿ׼
ֻĵֱסһԵưȴ۾г𾪣һ˿


1230 ˵Ҷ
סҶͻȻЦЦģʵҾǰۣ
ԣɫָֻĵҾ˵˭ʥ߾ʵ⽣񵺣ǽҶʵǿԣϧһٸӣҲ⽣񵺣Ҷ˵ǲǣ
ҶЦҲɣ
ֻĿһҶЦҶӦҶɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
˵ܹʥۣأǱֿˣֻʡ
ҶӦİɣ
ֻҡҡͷԲӣҶܹɱۣ紫ǰۣ
ΪʲôҶʡ
Ϊʥ߾ʱ߾ǿֹ߽
ֻ˵ţһһԵư࣬Ȼֵ߾ǿʥ߾ǿ֮Ĳֲܹ࣬ġҵ߾ǿ߽֣ѹҼ޷⣬Ҳ߾ǿ߹ٰϡ
˵⣬ֻֿһư࣬ȻֵȻڵ˵߾ǿҲ
Ҷһֻư࣬һʼΪԼǲǱ¶ˣȻֻôһ̸ֱأˣֻôһȦĿΪԼ
ҡҡͷҶûڷϻӿ˽Ų
ư࿴һֻģֹܹ԰۶Կߣ½Ҳеľˡ
ֻǫ½ֻ֣һ㣬һ㣡
֣ô˵ֻˣ
ʱһԵһ۵ӿһư࣬ЦƹʵֱȽϵ͵ɲܹԿߣܹնɱߣǽݳǣǵһţһǽݳʷŵ֮һ
ư࿴һֻģֹʵǷδǴ½һ뢣
ưĻֻ΢΢һЦƹˣ˵ɨһܣƹв̫ƽԺ͸ǰɣҲи顣ģҵڣرȫ
ưûлش𣬶ǿҶҶ֣أ
״ֻı΢΢һȻҶȻҶƹѣȻҲܹһģ
ҶЦɹˣ̫ʺȺۣ
ʱһԵǺͻȻˡֱԣԸµʵ⽣ʱܶȥ
ĭ֣ôô˵
ֻĿһۺӣ˸־ȻҶϲһˣֺαǿ󣿡˵ţһԵư࣬ƹ
ư֣ĺˡҾҶ֣
ԣֻı鳹׽ӲסˣЩѿһᣬƹҲˣ⽣߻ӣʲô˶УһŮӣˡֱԣҶֿ޷㡣ǣ㲻ȫбϣǵʱڽñƹҲзݣ
ư΢΢ҡͷֵĺ⣬ˡһǾҶһ𣡡
ƹֵһ⣬ֺαؾܾأʱһԵĭ
ֺαǿأư࿴һĭ
ĭ˫΢Уƹ˵䲻ģûҵȵıп»һʱƹ㡭
ˣ
ʱֻͻȻȻƹѾҲ˵ʲôˡɫڣλҲûŴҵǵסϢһλȥΣ
ư࿴ҶҶЦЦˣԼҸطżɣ˵꣬Ҷư࣬߰ɣ˵꣬Ҷתȥ
Ҷɲϲ˵ʩᣡ
ưֻ΢΢һ񣬵֮ǰлֹպػ
˵꣬ưתҶ
Ҷưȥֻ˫΢ʱԵĭŮ˺òʶôеģֱŪʲô⣬ӣקˡ
ֻջĿ⣬ģǴŻǵģ
еЩСĵ㣡ʱ߾ǿͻȻ
ֻĿߣΪô˵
΢΢ҡͷֱ
ԣֻЦЦģҲеģԷܹ϶Ҳе㱾µġ
ϵ˵ͷû˵
߰ɣֻĵ
Ȼȥɣȥ顣ֻԵĭ˵һʧ˳С
ֻԥ£Ȼתȥ

ʱɫҶưڽֵţڵĲ֪ĹӰ£˵ӰӱԽԽ
Ǹư
ǸҶЦ
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Ҷưֻ࣬ϲ㣬е棬ֻĿûΪ
ư࿴ҶãŮǳŮ
Ҷû뵽ư⣬㶣Ȼһư࣬ҾŮ
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ҲŮ
ư˶ŮˣмǿռеˣΪ˵õŮˣֶ׷󣬶еĻӲģеĻġһʼģȻֿʼֶΣڣҲû׼ҪӲˡ
ģʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ư۶㷢ҽʱһ鷳Ȼϧݼ̫
Ǹ鷳ŪģҶ
ư˵ͷ
Ҷһư࣬ͦģ֪Էף治ɫܹԷίߣ̡
ưĬãȻҳƼңȻμŮǣȴûݣҲû˽ҵƼС㡣೤ۣ˲֪ٴˡ
˵ţһҶǰǲѧ䣬ȴǲֹȥѧϰΪǾЩںãûʵҲǷһ˵ȴһᣬһĻᡣҵŬ£ƼҵҹܵԽԽãһЩҲԽԽԣԼ͵͵ϰ䱻֣ҲûôУʮƼڲ˲żεģУ󲿷ֶҵĸ
Ҷһư࣬˵һмֵˣ𣿡
ư࿴Ҷû˵
ҶֵȥĸܵܣУһͻȻ㣬𣿡
ưƬ̣Ȼ˵ͷ
ҶƹҪҵİҲҪİǵ֣ǻ
ư΢΢ҡͷҶ㣬пޣǣûİĸܵܶȻûлĻᣬҲ˵ţ̧ͷֱҶҳ˹Ҳûбʲô㿴صˡ˵УǾ壬Ҫʱȥ
˵ţưֽԼɴ
ѩףܽأپµʹҶŮӺܶ࣬ڼưʱɱ侪ޣ
˵ûȻһŮ۹Ⱑ
ʱһͻȻԶ˳
˲Ǳˣĭ
ĭĿưϣе̰˿Ρ
ư࿴һĭȻɴţ˵Ҷ
ĭĿҶϣЦˣʴȣ˵ҲᣬϢʱ䣬ǰʧȻ֪ôд


1231 㣬ʲô
Ҷתͷư࣬ҿܺ۸𣿡
ư࿴һҶе㣡
ҶԼͷ̫͵ˡ
˵ţĭԩ޳ģαأ
ĸҷϻ
ĭָҶڣҿʼϢ㣬ұ֤㡭
ĭͻȻȻֹΪҶ֪ʱѾǰȻûӦͿסĺ
ҶֵĭЦҿ
ĭֵĿҶѾ˼£Ȼ֮ûС
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Ҷ㲻ˡϢڣ㻹ҵУҾֶĲӣڿʼһ
ĭ۾֮ɫ򲻶ϰڶţҪҶ֣Ȼһжͽ͡
ҶЦ
ĭ˫ĸˣǲѪ˿鶼Ҫ͹ۿ
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¡
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һͷڳĭԴֱ
Ҷֽĭʬ嶪˳ȥȻվһȭһȭĭʬϣ߶ʱһ̯ࡣ
ҶջĿ⣬ư࣬ҸطϢһ񹬣
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ҶɨһܣĿԶһƾɵ¥ϣߣ
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Ҷ΢΢ͷȻڵϣĿͶʣʣȻһƬһڶ
ʱС׵ԴͻȻ˳ɨһܣȻһҶǰ˫צҶĲӡ
֮ǰԳʵŻˣڣ£
ҶС׵Դ£ڣûܹ۸㣡
С̧ͷҶȻֻСצ쿪ϱȻţ·˵ǺԳôô
ҶЦѾҴˣԣҪ𣿡
СգգۣСצָָҶָָԼȻһȻ
ҶȻһһֱģ˭۸㣡
ԣС˫һУ¶һõЦݣȻ󲻶Լë׵ԴҶ°͡
һԵưѾĿɿڴΪС˵ЩʲôһᣬҶ㣬ö˵ʲô
ưĻҶ϶ʱһ˿ЦΪ˵ദرһʼʱܹĥ˵ģ
뵽ҶɫæСױ϶ڻû𣿡ѾչغܾãڶûЩˡ
ССצϻ衭
һᣬҶɫ˵ϾҪˡңĻǿ
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Ҷæ˵ͷȻһСףôΪʲô
СգգۣȻҶ˼
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ͻȻһӰԾ¥󶥲㣬ȻҶλƮ˹ȥӰյҶǰҶ۾ͻȻǵӰɫһ䣬һֱ̣ӱҶס
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ܿ죬һʬ¥󶥲˳ͬʱһӰҲ¥󶥲Ծ˳ţ¥ܲһǲ
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Ҷ۵һ̣һԵưͻȻ۾һҶȻ±۾
ڶ죬Ҷư¥˳Զֵȥ
⽣ǵĺ֮⣬񹬺ܴ󣬱⽣ǶҪཨѾˣû·Ҫ뽣ֻпԼУǸط죬ЩҵĽܿ£Сıԣ߶ܻ䡣
ư֮߱⣬Թ飬ҲǰЩȥĽǿߵ꣬ЩǳΣգСʮġУ񹬵ֽЩеȻѾȱȻСЩĽǾ͸ֲˡ֮ǵСġ
Ҷ̧ͷԶֻҪ뽣񹬣˵ͲΣգǰȫˡ
ưƤһһҶû˵ֻֻ
ʱҶưͻȻͣΪǰվ˶ʮˣΪ׵һմ󸫵ͺͷӡ
ǰۣ
ֵܾɱģͺͷĿҶϡ
ֵܣҶü

ʱͺͷԵһӵʬǱ¥ģ
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Ҷ˵ͷȷʵɱģ
˭ĸĵɱƵֵܵģ
ͺͷӿҶŮıŪеҲŪ
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һĻͺͷӵɫ䣬ʱҶͺͷӵǰͺͷͫһȻиͷ͵سҶһ¡
죡
ǱͷҶԴʮʱʱͣסˡΪҶסǸͷĸУ
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֮ǰһĶǣȴǲһĽ
ͣ
ͺͷֱӱ룬Ѫһء
ԱߵЩѾŴǻعʱһƿȻ𣬽ţǱͷǷ˹
Ϣ󣬶ʮʬ˽ֵϡ
Ҷ֣Ȼư࣬߰ɣ
ư࿴һۣȻ˵ͷҶ
㣬̫
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Ҷ˵ţһư࣬㲻ǿɣ
ưҡҡͷǵڴǵ⣬ʵ㣬ҵĲǣǡ
ҶǶϲͬߣⲻ֪߸ֵͬ飬Ϊлᣬ˻Ҫ̡ݶ
ư΢΢ͷû˵ӿ˽Ų
ã˳ǰҪʱһͻȻһȵȣ
Ҷͣ½Ųתȥֻĵ˵ģֻġ
ҶһֻģȻסưתԶߡ
һĻֻĵ˽һ㶣Ȼɫرֻġ
ֻһҶưǰֱҶȵȣû𣿡
Ҷǰһֱֻģ㣬ʲô


1232 ýˣ
ʲô
ҶĻ˽סرֻģû뵽ҶȻô˵عֻɫǲ֮ǰ̫һ۸ˣ
Ҷǰֻĵǰÿ
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ֻ£ǰҶͻȻһȭĸ
죡
Ҷȭͷպֻĸһֻ̣ĸȻһ貽ãת˲ǵãͱ飬ֻ͵һھѪȻֱӵɳȥײԶĳǽ֮ϣǽһڵء
˴ס˶û뵽Ҷֱӳ֣û뵽ֻľȻ֮ûоͱˣ
˵ĿⶼҶϣ֮ɫǰۣô
ʱһͻȻҶȻһƳҶ˹ȥҶ治ɫתһȭ
죡
Ҷ˿߳ʮɡ
ͫһѾ𾪣ǾΪǵߣ
߿˿ԼѾЩεƣȻ̧ͷҶУ֮ɫǺˣ
Ҷûлشתư࣬߰ɣ
ߣǽ߿
ʱԶǱڵϵֻͻȻվʱѾû֮ǰĵȻֻ
Ҷһֻǰƿ·£һףֻһȭֻˣΪףʱѾѿҪˡ
ҶջĿ⣬ȻֻʱưͻȻߵҶǰֻģֹӣԩ޳ʵûҪΪһʱ֮ѪƴûкôǸûкô˵أ
ֻĿưϣƹҸһᣬڣһߣҼ̣
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״ֻɫãԼѡǴɱˡ˵꣬תͷҶĭѾɱˣ˵Ķ԰ɣ
ҶԭΪ°ȷʵɱġ
ֻ˫΢Уһ̣ͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶͷͬʱв֪ʱһǹУֻɢɭǹâĳǹ͵ضҶһ̣
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ΪֻĵĳǹǹֱӱҶָסˣ
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ֱֻһھѪסǹֱָӹѿȻͬߵķݳ׷˳ȥ
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䣡
ǹɵѹֱʧţҶ˵һȭߡ
˫΢Уһ˿أҴ⣬һһɫУȻ͵سҶһɨҶҲȭͷȻǰȥ
䣡
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ǸֱӱҶһ߳ƬʱȴѾڰ֮⣬ͬʱֶһ
Ҷûڳ֣˫΢ΪߵϢԽԽǿһɿ񱩵߹вӿ
ʱͻȻһҶȥΪٶ̫죬ˣ֮һʵʵĲӰ
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졭
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һԣưɫƽĺܡû˱Ҷʵˣ˵һߣߣһҶ
䣡
ʱͻȻһţǳеӰֱӻޣͬʱҶ߳˵СɣʱҶ֮ǰûʲô仯ȴһĨ۵죬УеĹֻһˡ
ˣ
ԴֱһƬհסһԵֻŴۿҶţû뵽ҶȻܹһ߾ǿߣ֪ʵģƴȫһսãǣԲ߼ս
߾ǿҲǿߣҪһǿ࣡
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ֱӱҶƬҲһȭ֮±ĳˣߺܿͣȻ߾ǿߵڱӿҶѹȥ
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ҶһȭߵĵֱӱɢʱͻȻǰȻһƳҶ˹
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ȭײΧռʱһҼһ̣˸ԳˣȻҶȴǺܿͣȻҽ͵һ̤棬ͬһöڵһ㳯ײ˹ȥߴ󾪣˫ȻҶӡ˹ȥ
죡
߿һھѪȻٴαĳˣһΣҶûڸϢĻᣬһϣȻȭͷͬһ㳯߷ȥ
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ѾŲסʱҶȴͻȻͣȻ˲Ŀ֮УһưԣưҲǴ󲻽⣬˵ʲôҶȴû˵Ļᣬֱӻסʧԭء
ҶʧͻȻߣˣǱˣˡ
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Ҷ˵ͷеϧһܸɵղǸͷˡ֮ǰֵʵܲһ߾ǿҪǿܹ࣬ɱԷɿܣܿ϶Ҳͨ߿ǿ࣬ϧǣð˳
ư࿴һҶ㾿жǿ
Ҷһư࣬ͻȻ
ֻе棡ư
ҶЦЦ˵ǿǶһЩ˵ʵһǳԼʵܹġһˣư࣬ЩһߣȷʵǿǣڵŮн޼Լ֮ǰֵǿߣǺ
ư࿴һҶû˵
ԼʱһƬУȻҶܵһɭ佣⡣Ҷûͣ£ٶȼӿ죬ֱӽƬ棬ս棬ʮⲻ֪ӺδõҶͣ
ҶһȭЩֱӱɢҶȥֳܿʮ⣬ҶٴαͣȻһȭЩɢʱ˻ԼֻĳǵܣΧ
һĻưɫʱߡ
Σҿôӣ
ԵһĿҶϣɱƼ㣬йص˶Ҫ˵ţư࣬澣㹴Ϊ˲кҵȽܻȥضĸܵܣã
ưĿϣɱӿ֡
ʱֻĿҶ㲻ǺôҪӣӰôˣ
ۿҶһжˡ
и⣡ҶͻȻ
ֻЦͷˣ⣬ãҵЩʲô⣡
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ҶɨһܣΪʲô˽⣬н֣˵ϲֽܳ뽣֮Ķ𣿡
ش㣡
ֻЦһΪѾǽ񹬵ķΧ뽣ǿԴڵģΪʲôԴڣҲ֪ǿԴڡ
Ҳ˵ýҶ㵵
ȷʵԣ
ֻĴһҶôý
ҶûֻģóһʱҶæ̧ͷʣ˺һᣬû˿
ҶһȻ۵ˣЩ˷ܵĿý
ôֻЦ
ô
Ҷ˫΢УǷһĨЦݣûУֻǾãߣе㲻򰡣
ˣ


1233 ƨ࣡

ҶĻ۵һ漴ҡͷ񿴰׳һҶ
˵ǲ򣿹
ֻĿҶⱲЦ㣬񶼲ˡҡ
һֻĵȻֹ
ҶֻĵǰһֻĵüģսģȻҶ
ҶǼӲסֻģƨ࣡˵꣬͵سеĽ
ͣ
һѪֻü伤
㡭
ֻҶ˵ʲôʱһһԴֱӷ˳ȥ
ûȤϻˣ
Ҷ˦˦еĽǱʱһתͷһԵ۵ˣʱ϶ڿУ𾪻šΪղҶһٶȣ쵽õǶûܹ塣
ȻҪû뵽Ҷǽޣ
޾Ȼ˽񵺣
Ҫ֪Խ֮⽣򼸺ͳΪ˽޵Ľأûκν޸ǵ߾ǿߵĽ޶̤㣡
ڣˣ
ˣ
ʱһͻȻڳ쳹һ̣Ҷϵ󣬶ϵӲס
ãÿĽ
£һѪü
ۣ
һĻһԵ۾ֱܹһż
һԵư˫Ҷֻֽš
󣬸¿ǽҶʱͻȻ
ҶһӣϵʬȻת۵ǲأ
һ£ؼΪУ֮ǰһʹΣ
ƼҲΪУʱԵƼҵҲæ
ЦҶʵƼؼҵģǽأȥĵ߶ɱˡУǰҲҶܹΪԶﴫڣҶǰһĻۣ
ܹ۵
ս˶ûģ
ʱһԵưͻȻǣǱضʵʱض֣ȷ˶ԸˡУǽޣȴ񵺣ȥ
ಣ
ʱһԵͻȻתӡʵĵ׾ûҶŹǣΪʲôΪҶĺģԴˣǾġңҶΪȴ񵺣˳ȥҶǼΪģˣҶôܻŹ
ԣѡӣ
ӵһ̣һԵƼҵ֮Ҳ׼ӣʱԶͻȻͣһԵҶ֪ʱѾ۵ǰѪü仺
۱ɱʣµƼҵߴ󺧣ûӣ֡ʱӣԵ޴ˡ
˸նֵһ̣ҶͻȻʧԭء
Ϣ󣬳ֻʣҶưࡣ
ҶóöϾʯ£ȻһԵư࣬ʱưҲڿҶǲµҵݣ
ưƬ̣Ȼ֮ǰҽ˵һЩ飬һشʱй۲ı飬Խ˵ƺܹģô˿ֲʵҾЩˡǲȷΪǽޣ֮ǰδùȭͷ㿴ޡңطǽ޵ĽأԣȻһҶȴ˵ԼҶ
ҶЦЦȻƹڴ뽣ˡ
ư࿴ҶãȻԸ⡣
ԼˣҶ˵ţָһһذ׳ưǰʹõذףذżȻã͸ˡ
׼۽ף
ư࿴һǰذףҲ
ҶɨһܣȻƬ̡
˵꣬Ҷһӣʬǰղɱߣ֮ǰս뽣ɱߣһߣȻѾܹý׼ȰЩʬƳɿܣ
Էһ
ûпʼϾƣԼȫָڿʼơ
һԣư࿴һҶȻƿܣ
Ҷ֪һƿܣ
ư΢΢ͷռ鱨֮У˵пܣԣҲ²ܻƿܡֻû뵽㾹ȻĻƿܣһǵ߾ǿߵĿܡܣĵ߾ǿӦûвİɣ
Ҷ˵ͷв࣬ֻ߾ǿ߰˳ɵʵ
Ҳֲܿˣư
ҶЦЦ˵ʼרơһߵ߿ܳǰȻȴǷһ㣬Ǿ߿ܿڵļˡΪΣΪƺõĿҪƵģĩճǵЩܣڲжʮ߿ܣڵľǼޣڶܾ࣬Ҫˡ
ȻʵǿȻǿԶƵģȴǲˡ
Ҷܣֻ棬߿Сˡطû壬֪Ҫư⣬Ȼ£ֻǲЩ˷ʱ䣡
˳ȥ
Ӧڽ񹬵Χư
Ҷ΢΢ͷĿܣ۴ǵĹиɲ֪ĽʯɵĲƾ޽
û뵽زҶԣư
ҶлԻͣͱضû䣬ûĸܹԻͣ
Ҳôһ𣿡ư࿴Ҷ
˭֪أ
ҶԺ飬û˭֪ܹľڲýû䣬ԺԺԺ˵̫࣬û˼ˡ
㵹ǿĿư
ҶЦЦ˵ʲôͻȻɫһ䣬סưͣ˸ͣΧʮɿͻȻһȦһ˲ǵȦͻȻЩٶȼ죬գۼҶưǰ
Ҷ˫΢У΢΢̧ɲǼ䣬Щȫֹһ̣ҶһӣЩΧǵȦȫʧ
һԣưһǵߣһСĿҲҪ䡣
Ҷ˵ͷղЩ⣬;Բǰǿֵܹġ
˼ǰߣܿ죬ǰһԲأԲزռֻʮɣڳУɫˮ
㿴ưָԶ
Ҷ˳ưָȥԲزԶпȱʯʯ֣ϴأ
ϴأ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬һ˲óһɽ׵Ľϴءϴأһ˲ǱʼҲܿ죬Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮УǱͻȻһ貵ĽâȻ󻺻Ʈ
ҶһУǱɵУһеĽҶʱסΪȻɽףȴԱ֮ǰҪ࣬ңĸоҲ֮ǰȫ֮ͬǰĽͺñͷĳŮڣ⽣ʢװľˣ
ҶĿԲ֮УϴϴϴȥʣýĸӴ⣬ö˸պõţ
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ʱһͻȻڳ쳹һɭ佣ڳһţһҶüġ


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Ǳٶȼ죬ۣҶûлعѾü䣬ǱҪ̵Ƥʱʱͬ㳯󵹷˳ȥ
ѾµĽ⼸Ѿܹˣ
ʵֹǶ£ûдﵽ⾳Ѷвֻǽ⣬ˣԱĽžԵѹơ
Ҷ̧ͷȥڲԶһɫϻӣڶԷ͸ŨŨɷɱ⡣
񹬵ˣ
ĿҶϣгֱָҶߣ
£һɽڱӿţгֱӻһ⳯Ҷȥٶȼ죬ѾΪһ˿ߡ
Ҷǰһ̽ܿ죬һͣǰ
һĻͫһôܡ
Ҷһӣû´ӦòģǶİɣ
Σ
Σ
Ҷڽжˣ
ӿҶƬ̣ͻȻһţϰٵͻȻܳȻЩȫҶư༤ȥ
Ҷ˫΢Уǰ̤һһ̤һɿֲĽڳУֺ󣬳ЩֱɢԶӸǱɽĳˣһˣһǧɣ
޾֮ϣôܣôܣ
ӿҶͬһ㣬Ǿš
ôܣ
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㣬㾿˭ӿҶ
Ҷ˫΢Уڣ㣡
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ӵᣬгɹҲʧܣңǰҲԸᣬѡȼꡭ
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ҶƬ̣ȻӦͷİɣ
ӵ˵ͷ
ȥҶ
ԥ£Ȼ˵ͷ
ӵĴ£˳ŷȥ
̸УҶ֪Ϸ㣬ԭǵ߾ǿߣ޾⣬ڶΪƺ϶ȵԵʣ˰ۣҽҲ˰벽޽⣬ޣ±޾⾳ȴһӶڽˡ
ǴģϷʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ܰ
Ϸɻ޲ܳڽ֮ϣһ֣ǿ߱ض֡Ȼʵǿ󣬵ǿӦûвСࡣ
Ҷ˽뽣Ϣ
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ҶĻһĨʧȴû˵ʲôˡ
һ·ϣҶĴϴţȻܶǷһƬǲѿǺεȵĺΰ׳ۡ
ʱͻȻͣ˽ŲתҶȡ
񹬵ȣҶʡ
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ߣȥҶ
΢΢ͷȻӿٶȣҲȥ
Ҷư漴ȥ
ܿ죬ҶԶ˴ٶȸˡһᣬ˼һɫϻΧ
ҶˣΧϻӵ߶ʱͣȻ䱸ĿҶˡ
ʱеһͻȻҶư࣬ߣ
ԣҶߣǣ
ߵںϼǣû뵽ûعµϡ
Ҷһߣ뿪ɡ
뿪
ЦһҪ뿪԰ǰѽ񹬵ıｻǾ뿪
Ϸҽ񹬵Щǲ֪ûˡ
Ц㻹ΪڵĽǵĽ񹬣ɣڵĽ񹬣Ѿڴ½Ϊ˹ȥʽǣƬ涼ҳȥˣǺǡ
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һĻҶʱ΢Ľ޾ǣԷĽ޾⻹Ҫʵ࣡
װ֣Զߴ󾪣Ҳ֣ܿ죬Զһը
ѹƣ
һ֣߾ͱװѹƣֻбûлֵĻᣡ
ǿҶԣư
ȻһԵϷϿ֮еڶǿĴڣ˵ߣҲ壡
Ҷ΢΢ͷȷʵǿ˵߾ǿ֮ǿһǽ뽣黹ĵҪǿϲ١
Ϸ㿴һҶû˵ԵȴŭϷ㣬Ϸ㣬ôһ𣿡
ϷΣ´ڸ͡
˵ʲôʱһͻȻҽ
ҶȥֻԶͻȻէɭ佣⣬꣬ԶȫϢɢ߳Сʱȫͬһ㣬Ѫ߾ؿǹװܿ죬ɫʡ

װһһӣһƬ⽦ߵʬֱӻһ̯ࡣ
ϣϷæǹװһ񣬹
װ΢΢ͷȻתͷҶư࣬ڿưʱװ˫۶ʱ΢һư࣬ܿ죬һ˿ϲССʹﵽۣӦòô꣬һŮˡ
ǰʲô˼ưüͷֲõĸо
ʲô˼
װǷһĨЦȻǶ㣡
˵꣬װֱӳưץ˹ȥ
ʱҶͻȻư࣬ǹװҸһ֯ԵĻᣡ


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װ㶣ȻһĨмʲô
£һӣһѹֱӳҶѹȥ
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װţǰ̤һһɿֲĽڱӿȻҶϯȥ
֮ǰǰ㣬ЩȫûҶڡ
װֱӴסʱһԵ̷˵ʲôҶȴǳǰһȻһɽƾѹǹװϡ
ǹװһˣҶʱͣ
㣬޾֮ϡװҶͬ˹һ㡣
㲻ǿ𣿡
ҶȥǵͷҾãбҪ̸̸
㾿˭кĿģװֱҶʵ
Ҷ˫΢У˵ȥǵͷ
ҶɫҶװɫһ䣬˿ͻȻǰλȻ粻ǣʵȴǿȫѹġ̬󣬹װһҶ
˵꣬תԶȥ
Ҷһ۹װȻưȥ
Сĵ㣡
ʱưͻȻҶ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻ⣬Щ˶֪˶Ϲ˭֪ǳ˽֮⣬ûбֶΣȻǽޣǣ㲻ýʵҲܹɱۣ
ЩܹýЩ˵ѹСܶܶࡣ
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Ҫǣ⻹ֻΧĽڲĽ󣬻н񹬵Ļڴǿ߶ܹնɱ
Ҷ֮ɫأһԭǾٴθܵǿߵǿ󣡵߾ǿߵģҿ϶һλ߾͸ˡڼ⽣񹬵Щ󡭡ȻԷһ֮˽񹬣
һ뵽δпԷΪУҶͷƤһ顣
һᣬһõĹ˼˵С
ǽҶʡ
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װǵĸݵأڽ񹬣ﻹǧǽȥ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
װһǵʦǸ޷
ûбȥҶʡ
װˣڣֻҪͻԶС
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װһۣǿΪеĽҲ޾֮ϡ
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Ҷҡҡͷջ˼ȥ⣬ΪѾ˴
սһϻ˹Ҷưʱüͷʱһ壬ߣ
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ޣ
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Ҷ˵ͷ
ôģڲˡ
ǹװҲҶ
ط֪˶꣬Ȼȥġнܹ˵ͺñڵԨͻȻһ⡣
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ôصģæʡȻҲأôأ޷ӹǿߵ۾ֻҪһȥɣ
Ҷһ꣬ôصģ
㶣ȻȻ֣㲻˵
Ҷǰ̤һӣҪң
˵һԵĹװæʦ֣ǡ
Ȼδ˵ӾֱӰνҶ˹ȥٶȼ죬˲ϢҶǰ
Ҷ˫΢Укâһֱ̣ʧԭأͬʱһڳжȻէ֡

һĽڳ𣬺ܿ죬о
ҶվǰһʱĽӵü䣬֣ѪȾɺ졣
ӴؿҶг𾪻𾪣޾֮ϣôܡ
һԣװŵؿҶҶɱˣǻûа취
޾֮ϵĽ⣬žѹġǲýǣΪ޵ǲýսмɣ
ڣҶƺûɱ˵˼Ҷջ˽ȻװΪеģǣв۵ҳ֡
˵ţҶų͵һӡ
ͣ
һֻ첲ֱӷ˳ȥ
һĻɫ䣬ʹư࣬ҲƤһҲû뵽Ҷô
ǱҶȥһֱֻ۵ûвҽУֻǾؿҶȻҶ𾪵ˡ
ҶҲûйӣǿװǵϴأ
װһҶڱչأңھȥ֪ͨȵȣ˵ţһ۳еԵ̷һۣ˻⣬뿪˴
װȥ֮ټĹֻʣҶưࡣ
֮ôǣư
ҶɨһܣȻ˶ӲչһԼʵָЩ˻ҪʲôС
ư΢΢ܾÿܻ鷳
ЩȥˣҶ˫΢УΪ˳ȥȷʵʲô鶼ĳ
Ϊβֱ˵ǳȥȻЩ˶շưʡ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷˣʲô˶աңǸ߸ϵģǳңϣ𣿶ң̫׵õĶǲϧģе˻Ƿǵġ֮ǰӣ;Ƿġ
ԡư΢΢ͷ
ʱҶüͷͻȻΪǽµĵذͻȻһãţһɫƾճǵĽ£ư໹ܵĽסЩʮ֮࣬Ҷǵ۽ף
û뵽ȻнܹĻһλ޾֮ϵĽޣⰡ
£һ߳Ҷư֮Уڻߵǹװ֮ǰҶնһֱֻ۵ӡ󣬻ʮޣУеߣҲаۣ
ҶĿǻϣǶû̸̸ô
̸ʲô
ߵҶǰѾˣѾ쵽ͷˡûµᣬҺܿͻȥȻ󣬾䣬޷ڽǣţ𣿡
ңҶʡ
Ȼ
߲ϵϸֳһĨЦ⣬Ĳ޾֮ϣһᣬģ˵ţͻȻ˷ң㻹佣Ϣķšǵģ
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1236 ģˣ
֮ǰܲʼ⣿Ҷߵ
ͷ˻⣿
ʱһԵǶϱ֮ǰһۣڣҾͶۡ
˵ţҪ֣ʱһԵǻȴסҵˣҿɲʲôˣ
ϱ겻ΥߣһȻһԵư࣬ܶСӦÿԶɣ
Ҫʦõ˼ߵ
ϱ꿴һԵĹװװϸһĨЦݣʦ֣СǵҵģЩʲôʦպԿ
㲻ϲǱХ𣿴͸ˣϱ꿴һ۹װ
棿װ۾һ
һ˵٣ϱ
װЦԽãǾô˵ˡ˵ţһһư࣬ʦֿɵϧһ㣬Ūˡ
ģһϧģϱĿưϣ
ưʹû˵
ҶһǶϱ꣬ܲŻŮйԼķŭܣ
˵ʲôϱӿҶɫˡ
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ϱɫѿʱҶֵ򲻹ңȥŮ˷йⲻʲô񹬵ôҲǴ½һôͳôܹﵽߣþʯȥİɣ
ʯȥ
ϱҵݺ½ʱ㻹֪
Ҷô꣬ǵߣУ㶼ȥˣ˵ţҶɨ˳һۣǣǣʲôʬ⣡޵ηǵãΪ˻һһεĶᣬȻͬһĻ˵ģȻţ˵ĺá
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ҶֵеڴģΪҾЩĽٶԼĵ֣ڿǾһȺڶҶҪ
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ͻȻСӣҳ츳׿Ҹ㣬վǰЩˣ޲ݺ½ĳǿߡ֮Ծ䣬ΪԵɵģǶᡭлţ˭Ը
ʱǶϱЦ˵ô࣬޷Ǿ뱣ŮģǺǣҸ㣬һúϧģ
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Ҷһ۶ϱӣȻߣҪɣ
ôҵЩԥˣ߿Ҷ
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ߵĻҶɫʱҰи󾪿֡
Ҷ㣬϶ʱֳһĨЦǶϱӼԭһΪжôӲǰͨһ˼˵ǣԼһ
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Ц⣬СӣģҶ󣬾ûġ˵ţһӣǶϱӵ˶ʱȥ
֮ǰҪԣߵ
ҶһۻߣӡǺӽͼ𣿡
ԭΪ
ߵҿ̹׸㣬ϡ
Ҷʡ
ӦڽǱߣûܹȥԣҶ֮⻹޾֮ϣҾлܹȥЦԣȫԷȥˣΪҶõ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵˣһ⣬ɼ񹬵λǿߣ
ԣ볡ɫһ䡣
ôҶɨһۡ
ֱҶģˡ
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Ҷ۾ưϱӵ˵Ķʱϱӵ˲û˷ܻ߸ˣǽ䱸ؿҶ
Ҷһ˷֮ɫɹˣϷɹˣµ壬壬
ҶĻһԵư˫۶ȻԲɫǷһԵĶϱӵһǶϱЦ֮ǰôţһΪִܹסʦĶˡڿȫˣ
ڶϱԵĹװЦȻ޾֮ϣǣվһʥ߾һʥ߾ܹ߾𣿳ʦпܡ
ʱǶϱĿһԵưϣЦСŮޣҺú㣡
£ϱӾҪ֣ʱһԵҶȻôԣʦֶˣ
ϱһ㶣ҶЩʱʱ׹תһ۹װ˵˵ͷȻһܿ죬Щʧ
ʧǶϱֳưȥʱҶȴͻȻưǰһĻǶϱüͷʦǺ⣿
Ҷ俴һ۶ϱӣ벻뿪طˣ
ϱ㶣漴ϲ磬ʦѾ֮ˣ԰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ҷͷϱӵ˶ʱԳȥط֪꣬ǻŵΨһĿľǳȥڿԳȥô
һᣬϱʣʦ֣Ҫ䣿
˶Ҷ
Ҷɨ˳һۣܹ֮ԼϢõʲôţһ䡣
󷨣ϱü
Ҷ˵ͷǿ䣬ʲôܹͨλ𣿡
ϱ룬˵Ҳǣλʵͨ죬¾ͨҲĹԷҲֻǿ󷨻ˡ˵ţҶʦ֣ʲô󷨣
Ҷһ۶ϱӣʮز󣡡
ʮز󣿡ϱüʲô󣿡
ʲôʦֱӲ󲻾Ϳˡʱǹװ
˵Ҳǣϱӵ˵ͷ
ҶҪҪһϾʯдﵽ۽׵ĽϾʯ۽׵ĽóɡסԽԽãȻʧܣһʧܣҿܻⷴɣңǵϾʯ뽣ܱϣԣǱأȫóܲܳȥͿˣ
˵ţҶɨ˳һۣóɣ


1237 ǣֻţ
ҶȻҶǻ߱˵߾ǿߣ߾ǿߣ塣

⻪ԼСѾΪһ壬ҪζСΪУ滹ãڣ߾ǰ״
УҶĻЩԥ
Ҷüͷһ壬ǻ벻ȥ
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ϢҶǰʮȫǵ۽ףǰЩҶоԼڼ١
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ҶĻװЦ΢΢һǺܿͻָƽҶϢȻЦԭˣԭˡȻʦֶ˼ʦþ͵ȵȺˡȥʦǣ
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ɽݸҶٺһЦʦ֣㲼ȥúСŮޣʦҿѾЩ̲סˡ
˵ţһһԵưץ˹ȥ
ư࿴壬ƽһˡ
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ʱһͻȻڳһֱӼӲԭء
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Ҷ̧ͷװˣʱǹװͻȻߵǰǱط̫̫ãõǶѾǵǶꡣǣֻţֻȥ


1238 Ըκ£
ҶŹװãȻǻţ
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Ȼͷųһ̣ͻ


1239 ۷Ծ
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䡭
ʵֱӱѪɫʱʵǽȦͻȻһţԭҶЩͻȻȫۼȻһ޽޽ֺʵĿռ䶼Ϊ֮Ť
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ǽȦǽ󣬱ƵУȻ޾һԣưæ
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Ѫâ뽣֮УͻȻһܿ죬䡱һ죬ʵĽȦȻѡ
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ưҶ˵ʱԶͻȻ˿ͬʱһͻȻ洫˳һҶɣҵܾˡ
ԣҶֱס


1240 ңұɱˣ
ˣ
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£ͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰţһֱҶüġ
Ҷ˫΢УֱӾһȭ
ȭײҶͻȻɫ䣬ҽ͵һ˵ʮɿ⡣Լ֣ʱڲΪԷ̫ǿΪԷһֱӴıϣԼסõɣ

ҶɫޱԷһֱӴ֮ϣ

£ٴʧԭأһֱ̣ӳҶȻһҶĺ״˹ȥٶȼ졣
Ҷڴ⣬һһУȻ͵תһɨ˹ȥҪײʱӵĽȴͻȻıһ¹켣ֱбҶеĽĽϡ

Ҷֱ˴ǰһģеĽǲֶ
вֳȥĽҶסˡ
ǿǼɲ㣬ǿߣΪǵ谭ΪǵղһҲûʹֻǡʱ˸ô̵λãԣôЧ
£ٴʧԭأܿ죬Ҷڳս
˵սһԵưĿɿڴΪҶȫѹƣʱҶǱǳǱѹƵģкü㱻ʱҶһѧˡ
Լһӣšһ죬ҶеĽ׷˳ȥ˵ϡ
ͣ
ԶǲڵϵĽҶסˣδԼһᱻ˰ѽһô׾٣
ӵ֮ǰҿʱֻ֪ԼǿĽʵǸ󾭹źһ㶼ǿʵҪƵʵһԡϧȴƴԼ
Ҷһת΢΢һ񣬵ָ̣
ӵٶȷǳĿ죬ǳǿ󣬿ϧûкܺõǡޣһ򷨡Ҫһ򷨣ȻҳԷȻһ֮ǽͨҪ㣬ʵѡκʽöԷûǲǶԷûǶԷ̫ǿ̫
һ򷨡Ҷ˫ֻսȷʵ֪Ӻʱʼ˶ԵʱøǿĽһͺȥҶԷҡ
ӵҳֻ֣㣬򣬰ѽڸô̵ĵط
˵꣬Ҷȥ㲻֪˭ھ͸㡣
£ֱӻһûҶüġ
Ҷ˫۶ȻԲͷϣһӡǡ


1241 ֮

ҶüһϸСĽӡǡϸֻСָСէһûʲôĵط
㲻֪˭𣿡
ʱӵҶ𣺡ҾҪѰҵġӡ
ӡ
ӵĻҶһû뵽ӾǽӡһʼڣΪǽ񹬵ĳλʲôġû뵽һˡ
һĨȥԼʶԺ⽣ӡոµĽӡֻҪ㲻ӡպضᵮµʶӵ
ĨȥԼʶ
Ҷɫ΢䣬Ϊʲô
Ҫ֪ǣǿǺܲ׵ģرпŻᵮǣ⽣ӡȻҪĨȥԼʶ
һ죬ұ͸׷ȥҲĴӡӡ˽񹬴֮ӹ֣֮ˣҲܷȥмǣӡֹ½񹬹ǽӵ
ʲôҶüʡ
΢΢漴޼½涼ڸյŽޣȥôã⽣ʢҲ֪ҾӦòΪжǸĽţ˿㡣
½ǸʲôطҶ⡣
ȴ½򣬶棬棬вϰЩȫһ𣬴ССǧǣǧ磬棬ֻһǾ½½Ҳ֮ɳĵطҲҪפĵطʹǵ۷ʱڵ޼Ҳֻеƫϡӵ
½һģҶʡ
ûĸܹͳһ½ܹͳϰʸפ½ӵ
޼ǰƺûͳһϰɣҶʡ
һˣԵֵϰ磡ӵ
Ҷ
ӡģ㣬Ҳ޼ӣϰɣӵ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷǶԷָܴﵽ⣡
ֵӡ֣޼ĵӣԣǽĸ
Ҷҡҡͷ㲻ΪӡЩ˾ͻҵʲôɣ
֪ӡĹЧ𣿡ӺȻ
Ҷ룬뽣⣬лʲô󷨡
ֻǱ棡ӵ
бĹЧҶʡ
ӣĹЧǣܹݵĽԪ
Ԫ
ԣҶͫȻһ֮ϾǹԪܹԪ
ֻǶݣ
ӣʵϸ˵ҲԪӦ˵ǰ벽ԪΪӡֻﵽ۷壬Ҳ׳ư벽ԪǣѾ㹻ˡҪ֪벽ԪҲǳԽġֻҪԽκνǰȫѹơȻָûдﵽ벽Ԫ߹ԪĽޣ
˴ﵽԪأҶʡ
ΪĬӵ
Ҷ
𣿡ʡ
ҶĬһ˲˭Ľ񹬣
ӳĬãȻŵһǿˣ
Ҷжǿ
ԶԷڵʵٵ½Ӧò⣡ӳ
Ҷʱٵ½ҶԼǰһܹ½
ӦáӦáܡҲܡ԰ɡ
Ҷ룬֣Ҳ֪Էô޽ޣҡ
֪˼ǣҲﲻʲôԷʵѾܵСݹ½꣬޼֮⣬ûһֹܹԷӵ
Ҷ˹ô˵ˣ
Ҳ֪ӵ𣿡
ôҶ
һ죬ҾѾˡӵ
ҶĬãȻһ⣬Ǻӽͼںδ
õҲãӵ
˽򣡡Ҷ
ôܣ㡭
ʧ˽򣿡
Ҷǰ̤һʱһصסܡ
򣬽򡭡ǽ򡭡㾹Ȼ˽򡭡
Ҷоĳӵڲ̲סССһ£Ҫ֪ⶼûöԷʧ̬
ʱҶͻȻɫһ䣬ΪоҴݻʶ㣬ʲô
ӡܹΪ֮ҡǺӽͼˣΪѾ֮֡˵˵ţԽԽ
Ҷ㶣ȻæȱһһⰡҪôãιҪôã
򡭡ס֮ڡܹѹơκμĽ⣬ʹǹԪĽ⣬ҲܡѹơǾ粻ḶԪĴۡ򣬻ܡ
˵⣬ͻȻȻֹ
Ҷ㶣Ȼʲôʲô˵˵ι
ӳû
Ҷ㶣Ȼһ˵ϣңǴҾȻѽʡ֪İҡ
ʱưߵҶǰҪôأ
Ҷư࣬ЦЦû˵
ưϣڱϣ޴ı֣㲻һԵˣ
ҶȻֻǸоЩϧҲûʲôջģ˵õӡõõϢ
Ԫ˵ͷôͶˡ
ҶһͷΪûд߶ˣʱͷûǽӡǣоõӡǸλãΪ⽣ӡʱѾΪһ塣ϧǣڵĽӡûǡ
ղڣ˵ƾӡ;ܹԿʮߣ߾ܹ赲ڣûǵĽӡû˴߶һ
ɣ
ҶҡҡͷȻɨһܣڣȥѹαɡ
˵ţ˳Ŵȥã߳˴ڴĺԶһ¥ҶɨһۣĿһΪ챦󡱵¥ϡûԥ˽챦
ս챦ҶסˣȻϲ
챦ŽʮЩڣннףԼⲻص㣬صǣȫǵ۽ף
׼ۣǵ۽ף
ĵ۽ף
ˣ
Ҷ˵ģ档
Ҷưתȥֻһһ߳˲Զ
ˣһԵưɫһ䣬Ԫҡ
ҶɫҲˣΪߣ߾ǿߣ
߾ǿߣ
ֱҶư࣬ĿһܣЦǽ񹬣Ȼȫǵ۽ףԪ׵ˣ
ҵģʱҶȻ
ҶĻİתͷҶ˵һ飿


1242 ͷ
˵һ飿֤㿴
Ҷ£һУΧЩȻѣţЩ뽣ԼֱӱȻӣҵˡ
ӿҶȷ
ҶŰϢһ̣жȻһȻʧԭء
ˣ
һͻȻһͻȻڳһ
޷ʱѡȶ֣
ʱȻ޷⶯ֵʱ˽˵󵽣
ɵȻȡ衣
û֣һ־ռһ˲ɱ˱ĺܽҶ䲻⣬ȷˣˣǰӻδعҶĽѾ˶Էüġ
ǵմڶԷüĵһ̣Ҷȴɫһ䣬ΪڶԷüĴ֪ʱһƴСܣСϣе׼۽ֱӾҹѿͬʱһɾС֮кȻ˳Ľϡ
죡
һڳҶˣʮʱҽųһ̤˶ʱͣ˿ԼЩֱۣȻ̧ͷü䣬ʱѾûСܡ
׷
Ҷ˫΢Ҳֻ׷ܹ׾ٷסһ˲ɱе׼۽׵Ľ
ޣ
ĿҶϣüǴĽޣܣûн޸˵أ㡭˵⣬üͷĸˣ潣ƣ߾ǿ߶ܻɱʵ㾿˭ν˵أ
߾ǿ߶ܹɱ
ԣҶüͷ֮ǰǸȻǿ϶ǲܻɱ߾ǿߵġ룬Ҷˡӡܹģ֮ǰʱڵĽȻн⣬ǰ벽Ԫ⣡
ӡеĽ벽ԪǾԲֿܹġ벽ԪĽ⣬׼۽׵ĽǸ󷨣Ҫɱһ߾ǿߣʲô£񹬵ڶûбϴ٣ܾԵʣ
ͨҶջ˼̧ͷߣʱվһԣ˫΢գ·붨һ㡣ǿû˻ˣΪʶ뾫ӦԷ
ͣһ£ҶתͷӣʱưߵҶԣԪңһԪҵӣԪףһʵǰʵǿСġ
Ԫң
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷûԷϻһ̣ٴʧԭأٴγʱѾԪ׵ǰȻһȥ
Ҷ˵Ͷ֣һĨâһ̣һǹУһתǹ͵ش̳
ǹ
ǹײ
䣡
һըľڳжȻҶΧĿռһȻ˱˫ظԳˣܿ죬ҶͣǰɻںˣԼʮɺͣ
ʱһԵ߿һҶǲûг֡
Ԫ׵ɫ˿ԼЩ֣Ȼ̧ͷҶЩ⣬Щ˼
£гǹֱӻһâٶȼ죬˲ҶǰҶɫ䣬׼һȥͻȻ뵽ӵĻ΢΢ǱǹǹҪüʱҶֶˡ
ҶеĽֱӴ˳ǹǹһϣʱǱǹ֮ϵâֱɢǳǹ类ߴһ㣬ֱȥԶԪ׼һĻֱӸסˡû뵽ԼһȻôƮƮľͱˣ
ԶҶȴǷһĨЦ⣬ͨѾͨǣ֪ʲôʱʼԼơ˵κʽֻҪҵЩͿСƵԷ
ǣ֪ʲôʱʼϲñ˭һȥǡȻЧҲеģΪٶȷ棬Ǻܹġһǿߣӡ֮ǰڲ뽣£ûл֮
ʱҶЩڵģûоϰԼƣ֣ȻҲҪϰġܹҶԷǣӲ̫Զ̫Զ
Ȼһ򷨣޵ˡǿĶ֣Ͼǿսʶţһ򷨿ܾûôˡУԷٶ̫죬֣ҲûģΪʹ㷢ǶԷٶ̫죬ץס
ֻ߶Է̫ǿģ֣һʮᣬںõļɶûʲôã
ԣʹͨҲҪٶԼʵܹһ򷨡
һ򷨣
ʱһԵԪͻȻ˼ڣԽԽ˼ˡԣ
£Ԫֱʧԭء
һԣҶüͷΪԪ׵ٶͻȻ࣡һΣû۾Ϊ۾Ѿ϶Էٶˡ˫΢գһ˲һ̣ٴһ

һڳͻȻһư𾪵Ŀ֮У׳ˡ
ʱҶͻȻ۾ףԷٶȷʵܿ죬ǣٶȱȶԷ졣ǶԷٶȻܹƣ
ڶΣҶ⽣ͨñ̬
һȻ֮ǰӶսʱ
˿ԼеĽҶǷһĨЦݣȻԶԪף
£Ҷֱʧԭء
ԶԪ˫΢Укâ˸һŭȣȻгǹǹӰҶֶȥ
ƣ
Ҷ𣬽⻮׵ЩǹӰֱʧԪ׸Ǳٴγˡ
Զ˫΢
Ҷû֣ͣǼŰӳ˹ȥûʩչ̣ͨȷǳͨʽǣЩͨʽȴǴѾǰǿߵԪ׽ڽڰˣ޻֮
ⳡ֮ǰҶӶսʱһ
սһᣬҶͻȻͣȻԪףҪҴ˰㣿ڴȥɾҪˣ
ü
Ԫģ֣б£ɱ
ҶЩţµĲ֣
ԪתͷߣϣҪ֣
ˣǿߵ
ԪЦһǺǿǲ˼ϣ㾡ܿžͺã֣
£ԪͻȻʧԭء
ҾͲˣҶ£Ҳʧԭء
һ˲ͻȻһܿ죬ǹâ뽣âɢһΣ˵ҶҶ˽ɲͣ

ԶԪָָԼüСƣдڣѾڲ֮أôҶ
ҶһСܣǷһĨЦݣ𣿡
ѵ𣿡ԪǷһĨЦֵܹοⲻĽУ
ܵ𣿡ҶͻȻ
Ԫüͷһ壬ʲô˼
ҶͻȻԪ֣ͷ
£Ԫ㶣һ̣˫۶ȻԲϣ


1243 ѹߣ
Ԫ¡
ͣ
Ԫ׵ԴֱʧһѪ䲱ӴȪһ㣬ѪԶҶ϶һͷͷü䣬һϸСĶܣʱֱԪ׵ü䣬ȻҪȥܿ죬ҶץסȻֱӽӽСС
һУҶתͷһԵߣЩǣɫƽӱ濴һҲûӡ
Ҷе⣡
Ϊʲôôƽ𣿡ߵ
Ҷ˵ͷ
߿ҶҷŭʲôãηŭҲѾˣ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵ
ֵֻ˵ȡûǿʵȴҪ飬һԼױ͵С̬ģղ֣δҲڱϡ磬ɻοأ
㿴濪
ҶҲ˵ˣѾˣҾãûбҪΪһֵĲ죬˵أ
߿Ҷ޷ıѾʵǣΪҪһܲҰɣңԼЩ۽ױϷҲĶԣ˵أ
Ҷ߰ΣȻ˵ͷط̫Сǳȥɣ
⣡
˵꣬ת뿪˴
ҶҪȥʱưͻȻ㡭
Ҷתͷư࣬ЦʵҲ߾ǿսһսҾͲˣ϶ҲˡԣԶС
Ȼ޴սһΣǣǴΣû棬ûУΪʱûý
һΣ߾ǿһս
˵꣬ҶͣһʧԶ
ŴſΣưһȻҲ˳ȥ
⼫ΪΧȻ¥󣬵¥¥֮ľٶǧɡ
ͣ½ŲתҶһԴ㣬֪Ϊʲô𣿡
е棡Ҷʵھ粻мʥߣԶԷʵ϶ܹĳġǣԷûڵֱӳ֣ǴӦһսȷʵе㲻Ϊ߾ǿߣ˵ʥߣ߶ܹĨɱˣ
½һţҶҲԴҪ֪ƥ֮󣬿ɾûڻȥߵ
Ҷ˫΢Уãʲôʱʶݵģ
ߵһʼ֪ҶҲͲˡĽǿҼ֮Уû˱ȵ㡣˵ڵĻʼһѾɱˡ
ȻһʼǾʩչͷʱ𣿡Ҷ
΢΢ͷͷ˱ȥԸ㣬򣬲ʲôܡɱҲ֪顣ԣͷпУǽޣҼʹʱܹʵ̬ǽޣһ˽Ҷ˭
Ҷҡҡͷұ͵ģκ̫ڣӦǾϻǽӾͻᷢⰡ
λǲɱߺȻ
Ҷ̧ͷߣ˵أ
߳ΣȻʥɱߣʷֻн޼һǿŽӡʥɱߡȻǿͣӦûв࣡
ƺϣܹɱ߾ǿߣҶЦ˵£ܹɱ߾ǿߣ˵Ķ𣿡
߿ҶãȻɣҿųƵ½һŵĽҶжǿ
䣡
һѪͻȻҶڳɲǼȾϿգͬʱҶжһѪһʣѪһ̣޾ɷɱⲻҶһһӿ
ĿҶеѪϣ׵Ľ׽ɣ
Ҷȥÿһ£϶һѪɫĽӡʵҲ뿴߾ǿߣжǿ
£ҶֱʧԭأٴγʱѾߵǰҶ͵ذνһҶѪɱ͵һ¡
ٵնν
˫΢Уһֶ̣һɫһ

ײһε˶Ȼ֮ɢǺܿ죬˾ͱߵҶ顣
Уһ˲еͻȻǲһȻȻѡҶĽףߵǵ۽ףҶ⣬޷쿹⡣
ʧһ̣ͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾڰɿ⣬ʱͻȻֳҶһ̽
£ԶҶΧĿռͻȻҶѹȥ
䣡
ҶܣǣⲢûܹΧЩռ䣬ֻõЩռ䳯ѹٶ΢һЩֻһЩ
ҶɫΪⲢǵĲٿؿռ䣬ЩѹĿռ֮оȻ̺ĳƣԣ߾ǿߵƣ߽Լ߾ǿߵЩռڣ뽫Щռӹʮ
һ˲ҶԼѪ˹֮Уһ̣͵ذνһն
һѪɫ֮ռֱӱ˺ѿȻҶɫȴǸˡΪǵǰĿռ䣬ǿռѸϣңڽȥԼ֮ǵѪɫֱӱռѹޣ
Զڲӿ߾ǿߵƣЩȫӿҶΧЩռ䣬ЩռΪһ塣
УҶΧĿռ䲻ϳѹңʱܹλãֻвɣ⻹Ϊ赲Եʣû赲ʱˡȻʹ⣬˿Ҳڱϵļѹ
ҶܹĿռԽԽС
ô𣿡
ʱԶߺȻ
Ҷ̧ͷߣŸտʼʲô
¡
ˡ
֮䣬Ҷڳ˳Ҷ޾ɱļӳ£Щ֮׾ٵؾͽռ˺˿˲Ϣ䣬סҶЩռͱ˺ѵ֧飡
ͬʱϿգһȦ
콣
ӡڵ콣
֮ǰýӡʱͳУʩչҪĽպҲС
ûԥʩչ˳
Զ߼һĻɫһ䣬۽׵Ľ޾ɱ⣬⣬ԼʹҲС
˫΢ͬʱ˫ֻչɲǼ䣬һɿֲڱӿƣԽԽǿʱߣͷ·ǼҪĻɽ
ʣȦϱһ貵Ľâȫۼһ޽ʱ޽Ѫɫģ
Ѫɫ޽ĺ棬Ҷ·ߣҶһĨһɱ㣡
£ҶͷͻȻһӡ
ˣ
һ̣񵺵޶һ
޶˽񹬵ķУǾ
Ҳڴ˿סˣΪƾȻֱӱѹڣ


1244 ѪծѪ
벽Ԫ
Ҷû׼ߴսٸغϵ뷨ֻһмʥߣԷ߾־սɵ˲Żѡ־ս
ѡ־սֻԼǿĵơ
ǿһٽ⣬һõĽӡ
ýӡΪ뿴벽ԪĽ⣡
߾ǿߵƲ࣬벽ԪĽԶ߾ǿߵơ벽Ԫֵһ̣ߵ߾ǿߵֱӱѹ˻ȥ
УҶ͵һѪɫ޽޽һȻ·ߵȥ
·߿ǱѪɫľ޽ãȻ֮ɫôܣ޾֮ϵĽ⡭ôܡ
ȻвǣֻвѡҶڵ⽣⣬ѾвԵֿĸо
ѹ
ɽѹ
޽ԽԽǿĽѹԼֲĽȫסߣ£ΧĿռ䶼ʼΪ֮Ťߵ徹ȻҲʼŤ·һ̾Ҫ飡

ͻȻһŭɫһ̣˫ֻƣ΢΢һһΧ·ʲôһ㣬гֱ
ƣ
ͻȻߵŭһ̣һ͸ӡЯһɿֲϢ·ϯϣҶǱײһ
䣡
ʣһ紺ըľͻȻ쳹һըֱõΧռȫ˿ܿ죬Χʲôص˲佫ǿռ޸һ̣ռٴιѿ
ڷ뷴޸ʮκΧĿռǣǿĽǳн䡣Щ뽣ڽ䵽ΧЩ¥ʱЩ¥󶼻ɢĽ⣬Щ뽣赲ˣΧĳû⵽Ҷߵƻ
Щ뽣ԽԽٺ챦ڴſڣưͻȻ˳гʱͣ
ǰԶվˣȻ߾ҶΧɢһ
Уߴ˴Ȼǿ
£΢΢˶һŷϣһֱ̣ӻһâûǰĿռ䣬Ҷ
£忪ʼģԽԽãϢֱӻޡ

һĻԶưûаָˣɫޱ
ʱһԵҶͻȻ˵ϣȻ˫ֱͷײŵ棬ײ£ǵֱӱҳһһСӡ
ưɫһ䣬æҶȥʱҶͻȻ𣬱
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Ҷû˵ǼԼԴײ棬һطײˣͻطײһᣬܵ浽һһСӡ
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ⷴɣ
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ôˡʧȻ⵽ɣΪʮȦܹܵġ
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⽣ķɣķһ㶼ͬķɾȫʹѣ⽣ķɣֱӷľ꣬ʹʹ
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ѡԲѡǿ벽ԪˣΪʵ̫ˡͺûڿһ
һʹһһҹ
һҶ˵ϣԱߵư࣬ʱҶɫҰףûѪһʱʱ鴤һ¡֮ǰҪˡ֮ǰǲԼͷȥײأüλýԼԴԴӲûȥ
ȻҪʶѵģȻżӳĽԴԴ类ˡ
һԣư࿴Ҷţ֪ʲô
֪˶ãҶͻȻ۾ʱưæ˹ȥô
Ҷһư࣬԰׵ɫ¶һĨЦݣá
˵ţҪվǣ嶯˶ȴûܹվΪԼȻ

һֱõù⣬Ϊ⵽ɣʱ˵Ѿ͸֧ˡ
ЦЦҶóһЩϾʯ£ӿڣɫʼ
˲ʱҶɫָںĵ£Ҳָ߰˰ˡ
ҶɨһЩɢĽĬ
˵߾ǿ֮仹źܴĲ࣬ȻɱߣǣⲢʲôΪǿĽӡǰ벽Ԫ⣬֮ǰ콣󣬶Լġ

ϸ˵ɱߣĲԼʵΪʱûнӡɱ߾ǿ߶Կ
ҡҡͷҶջ˼һӣЩȫȻٴһӣ֮ǰڵлȡЩȫǰɨһۣ֣е۽׵ĽȻʮ֮ǰģڵ۽׵Ľʮ˱
ʮ˱۽׽
ҶоԼڼ٣ɲ׼۽ףĵ۽ףЩ˵ϣ˵ʵҪüΡ
ʮ۽׽лʮ߽ʮ߽ףǵ۽ף
Щˣڣֻ׸Ȥû취ùױԵ۽׵ıȤĲˡ
뽣нҶһһƴСɫܶʱϡ
ܾ֮ǰưķ֮ⶫ֮ǰͷˣͷȻ治֪öԷô졣һ˲ɱܹ׷סͨնν͸˵ˡʩչնνýӡȻԷļڲ֮أ
һܣҶγһξѪѪûУܶʱһȻһ͹ûڡͬʱҶоԼܽĳϵ
ױﶼƢģ϶ô׾ͳˣƢҲûСƢ֮ǰܶСڣΪܵƢڿǳɹΪһ㷴ûУ
һܣҶЩΪνˡΪ峹Ϊһ壬ֻҪĳλܵͻĳλá˵⣬Ҳ±͵Ϯˡ
ȻҲԼı塣
ҶһһɫĶƶʱǰֻôߣףͨɫ
֮ܲǰѪܣҪΪƣܿƣһͻҪֵλá˵ѪܷЧˡ
ҶЦЦʱ֮ǰȥʱվλõĿռͻȻһ

Ҷüͷһ壬ܿ죬һд˳ѪծѪ


1245 һδ¹
ѪծѪ
Ҷüͷĸˡ
֮ǰǰһŴ˵֣ŴӦ֪ͨԪҡҲ˵ԪѾ֪ˣһϣӦ˵ǵйأΪԪҿ϶Ϊܹɱ߾ǿߣư
ҶĬãҪսսɣ
Ԫңǿư
Σ
Ҷѵȥǽͣȥǻͬ𣿿϶ᡣȥֻͣȡ衣ԣҪսǾս
˵⣬Ҷ˶٣ֵϲսϲǻֻӦҲף磬ܶʱ㲻飬鲻㡣ǣίȫܶʱȷʵԽ黯С֮ǰǽʱͽЩ˫͵ǰҹģ㣬Ҳһ·һȻû鷳
㲻ᣡư
Ȼᣡ
ҶһԻ͹ǹҲʧǣҴû¹Ҳϲ£ҴӲ¡ԣίԼñ̹飬һӶ
ư࿴ҶΣȻүǣ
Ҷ
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ǵôҶ
ưߵҶǰֱҶ̫ǿ𣿡
Ҷ㶣ඡ
ưࡰ͡һЦҡҡͷȻɫҪףĶ֣Ѿһˡ٣½ĶֲһΪһûĸܹȵˡĶ֣߾Ϲ𣿡
е㲻ƽҶ
˭أ
ưЦһõļ壬ͿԵõƽΪ߾Ϲ˻ԸϧûУԣֻԼԸ
ҶЦЦ˵˵ԪҰɣ
Ԫ˵ͷǵʵɲݣϾ߾ǿߣûл֪Ͼκһ壬еƱ¶ɫôôѿ
Ҷ˹߾ҸղɱһҲ˵ٻ߾ǿߣ
Ԫ˵ͷ
Ҷһ鴤Ȼ㣬˵
һΪʲôأ
Ԫһ˿Ц⣬ǳʵɲ֮⣬һ㣬Ǿǵĺ֮ߣ˵֮ġҲ˵һΣǺܻܿټڵЩԸˡ
˵ưɫҲ
ҶɫҲȻư˵ֻпܣ֪Ժܴ󡣽̫죬Щڵж˳ͷĻ϶Щһ𡭡
˿ǣ
ʱưҲ̫ģͷȻֱģǷʱŬ˱ǿ
Ǵʲôʱᶯ֣Ҷʡ
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Ҷ˵ͷˡ£ȷŷŰɡ
˵ţҶɨһԶЩ¥󣬵ȥ⽣񹬻ʲô
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֣ҶǶʱһĨЦݣ˽¥֮УսһͻȻгҶûҶǰֱӻޡ
ҶɨһۣڵеǽϣһȱĽʱǲȱĽͻȻһâҶָһһƽǽϡ
䣡
ǸȱĽֱѡ
Ƶ֮ҶתͷԶǲԶһٶҶɨһۣе۽׽ȻʮţĻ׼۽׵Ľ
Ҷ˹ư࣬⣬ǲе㲻۽ʲôʱôôˡ

ưҪ֪⽣񹬵ǰʷ½ֻһǾ⽣񹬡ʵ񹬵ı϶ֹЩ϶ʧˡҪ֪Ľ񹬿Ǻųӵ½нܹ뽣۵ģͶ׼۽ס
ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˼̫̫ˣ
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Ҷư࣬ưҲһЦ
ҶߵЩǰɨһۣиֽУҡҡͷûһеġ
û취۽ףѾ᲻ȤˡڣõĿɶס
ϣǶԽ˵ЩɶǺû
ûԥҶһӣЩȫȻư࣬ߣȥһҡ
ư˵ͷʱҶȻǸЩ㶼òϣҡ
Ҫģ͸ңΣưЦ
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Ҷ˵꣬ưһ¥¥֮д֣
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ҶüȻư˴սҶưסˡΪڴ룬һҾ޴ĽɣǧɣҲнǧɣȫһȻ
ڽ棬ֱʮɳľ޴رǽĶˣһɳľ޴
ƽ
ʱһԵưͻȻʧ
ƽҶưࡣ
㷢ˣ
ưͻȻץסҶֱۣƽ½ûУڶûУ˵ҾǴ½һƽ
ƽʲô𣿡ưôҶ̲סʡ

ư˵ʱҶͻȻɫһ䣬ˡ
˵ţתͷ⿴ȥ
㣡
Ҷ۾ֱ


1246 ȴ˵
ĲˣһֻԳ
Գ
ҶӵֻԳ
ʱĺԳͣҶû뵽ԳȻ׷ˣع䱸һʵǿޱȣ˿Ĵӡ
ԳվĿֱҶϣһֱ̣һȭҶ˹
Ҷɫ΢䣬ץסưļ׵ԶȻҽ͵һ̤棬ǺԳȥ
ȻȭͷԳӲƴŰ
֡
ȭײ
죡
һ죬Ҷֱӱʮɿ⣬ǺԳҲɣȭͷϻһѪۡ
нҶҪƿķôѣ
ԼȭͷϵѪۣԳɫû˿ϻֱʧԭءʧԭʱҶʱоһɿֲѹĸоһɽһ㣡
Ҷ˫΢Уһ̣ƾճǰֵסǹɿֲѹţ˻һ
ˣ
죡
һը𣬳пռ䶸Ȼѿһ̣һڳвݺ˸
һĻԶư˫ֽǽ֮ɫʱҶԳٶѾ쵽ֻܿвн˸һը
ޣ
ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҫ߾ǿҪǿġΪ޵ķֲ̫ǵʹӲ׵û̫⡣ҶĽܹƺԳķҲֻƤˣ޷ԾԳʵԵ˺
䣡
ԶٴһըţһһԳ˿
ԳϣһѪۣҶȴһĨɺ졣ӱռϷ硣ȻҪΪܵԵʣܵ赲ԳҲԸʵԵ˺ʹܣҲ޷ȫ赲Գ
̫ǿʹƲܣನҲСǵѪǱģ
ԳҶҶҲڿŶԷһ̣һһʧԭء
ûκεķϻҲû˵ԳҶĺޣĲһҪ֪ǲ㱻Ҷ
Ĳ˵ģ
Ҷв̵£ˣǾ׷ɱҶΪ˽񹬺ҶýҲҪˡ
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Ҫ˵Ҳȴ˵
ҶûѡԳӲܣҲԷӲֲ̫һȭҪ⡣
ҲҶԷΣȫʧˡԷȫѹҵҲûáһΣЩǰЩֵˡǿˣ̫Ѵˡ˵ģǷ͸Խ
죡
УȭײҶеĽһȻֱӱʮɿ⣬ǺԳҲĳɣǺܿ죬ֱʧԭأٴγʱֳҶǰȻһȭҶԴ˹ȥ
ʱ֣Ҷǰסһȭ
죡
ܾһȻֱӱɣǺԳҲĳɣʱҶȴϣνǺԳһͬʱӰΣֳԣÿԳȭʱܾͻᵲȥ
ܺҶԽսԽÿοϺԳ󣬾æܵȥ
һʱ䣬ҶȻռһ˿Ϸ磡

ʱԳͻȻһŭҶĽʱȻѡ񲻷ͬһȭҶǰһȭҶܡ
Ҷɫ΢䣬ȻԳĴ򷨣΢΢һƫ˺Գȭͷϡ
죡
죡
뽣ͬʱһҶֱ˴ܱ˳ȥǺԳȴû˿ֱͣӱȭͷͬһ㳯Ҷȥ
졭
жʱһںԳĹ£Ҷڽڰˡ
䣡
ʱһѪҶڱӿͬʱһɺâϯֱӽǺԳĳˡ
һѪҶУһ̣ҶֱӻһѪâʧԭء
ԶԳ˫΢У͵һȭȭճһѪɫĽȭͷϡ
죡
ǲ
ȭͷ֮Ѫ֮еǿֱõΧĿռѿҶԳͬʱĵ˳ȥ
һ̣һһԳֳű˴˱ȥ
һһԳٴμս
֪˶ãҶһ˺Գ֮Ȼͣڸǲһ
ԳҲͣҶ͵ҹӣвԿǿߣҲֱ䣬вң࣬ս
ҶͼҲ̫Сˣһ·׷
޳ܵ࣡
Գ£Ҫ֣ʱӡͻȻҶͷϣӡʱԳֱסˡȭͷ֮У𾪣ţоԼһ˿ɵ
ӡ㡭ԳҶ˽ӡ
ҶһºԳɫ뵽֮ǰԳԽӡ̬ȣɫȻѾǽ񹬹
ԳҶͷϵĽӡãΪʲôѡô޳ܵ࡭⻰ǶҶ˵ǶԼ˵
ԳĻҶɫʱ᲻˵ʲô޳ܵࣿ
㱾ͺ޳ܣԳһӶ
Ҷһ飬˵ǺԳȴͻȻ࣬ΣȻѡ㣬ϣû
˵꣬Գתȥ
ԳתߣҶ㶣Ȼȵȣ
ԳתҶ
Ҷ㣬ôˣ
ȻأԳ
Ҷ˹нӡھǽ񹬹ǽ񹬵ģҲ˵ǶҪҵģ𣿡
ԳҶΣȻнӡǽ񹬹еʦʵ𣿡
Ҷ
ԳֵʱܹʦָչˣҲõý񹬵˲ɱϵޣڽϵ嶼飬Ҳǡԣ֮飬һʹ
ԣڻ𣿡Ҷ
Գǰɡ
޳ܣҶͻȻ
Գɫʱ࣬Ȼɱ㣬Һ㣬㲻Ҫҳ֣
Ҷָ㣬չ˹㣬ý񹬵ɱޣ˵֮ô飬˵㲻ɱңǻ飬㲻޳ʲôУҲ򲻹㣬Ҫӣ϶ɱҡ𣿡
࣬ҪЩ䣬Ҫ˵ʲôֱ˵ǣԳ
ҶҾãҪ飬Ӧг㡣ڽѾ½û䣬أ縺˽һصǣҲˣôʲǫ̂ûУָʲôʱͱ˸ɵˣԡ
˵⣬ҶԳԣҾҪĻ飬Ӧðңһý񹬵Щһ
ԳҶΣȻƣƣ
Ҷ


1247 Ҳӣ
࣬Ϊ֣
Գ˵꣬תߡ
Ǹ߰ģοǺԳǿߣҶʵܹѹлᣬǣҶڵʵ
Ҷ֪㣬û׼µ˺ԳǰһҪҵӣֻһ仰벻뿪
ҪߣʱԣԳ
Ҷҡҡͷ뿪뿪磡
ԣԳ˫΢ʲô˼
Ҷ˵һΣѵ㲻뿪𣿡
һ˴ﵽߣͻѡ뿪ȻԵʡȻûţЩ˿϶Ҳ뿪硣ûԸⱻţرԳּǿߡ
ԳҶãû˭뿪ǣ˭뿪𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷңȻܲ뿪һδ֪ǣǶԺ顣ڸʵǲһ߾ǿ߶Խ˵̫ҪˡԣԳ˵ҪƣҪźƣ
Ц
Գ࣬ǿЦ֪ﵽ߾׵ޣһӻʲô𣿶ôӳȥΪ߾ܹﵽļޣﵽ߲Σͱ뿪طȥѰȱԴ߼ǣԴ½ûܹȥǻǰѾ߾ǿߣΪΣ
˵ţԳָʣΪ߾ǿܹģ࣬˵ܹȥ⻰ǿЦҪƣҲһһɣ
û˵ܹȥ
ҶֱӺԳһ⣬޼ǰܹȥ𣿡
ϻԳЩû
ҶָָԼ˵һûпܴﵽ޼ǰ̶ֳȣˣڲмʥߣ˵ţҶȥ˽䣬ȫ¶˺Գǰ
ҶԳһ³ĬˡƽĶۣǰȷʵˣʹǵһЩ񹬵ŶûôССͣǿޱȣǴﵽ޾֮ϣܹʥ߾׶Կ
Ȼ޼һ˶Ҫĸɽǰ࣬ĺ
ûйܺԳʲôҶֵʱ䣬ұسԽ޼ꡣʱҪȥط𣿡
ԳĬΣȻ㳬ԽԽʲôϵ
˵ţƹҶȥҶȴֵǰôûϵܹԽ޼ʹҿ뿪磬ܹ뿪ʹܹűһ뿪𣿡
ԳҶ࣬ҵóϣȷʵպﲻʦּ𣬵ǿ϶Ҳ˶٣Ҳţպɳ㣬кܴܹ뿪硣ǣǶ飿ʮꣿꣿһǧꣿһ󣿡
ʮ꣡
ҶֱӺԳʮ꣡
𣿡Գ
ҶڲŶʮ꣬Ҷʮ߾ǿ߶Կҷ𣿡˵ģΪҪ뿪طڶԷ϶̫ʵʡ
ԳҶĬãҲ᳼࣡
û˵Ҫ㳼ң
ҶǿǺĹϵʮ꣬ʮڣҴȥ뿪ǡʮ˵ָ飬𣿡
ԳĬ
ԳЩ⶯ҶæֵƾԼʵһӶȥڣֻҪʮʱ䣬пܳȥΪʲôһΣʮʱѣ
㵱Ǵ𣿡
ԳһҶԸƢʮڣһָҪΪټܡҲӣ
ҶڨЦЦܣǶ˶ʣĲȥʮֻ꣬Ҫʮʱ䣬л뿪طʮ꣬л̸߲εľ磻ʮ꣬ʮͿܸıˣʮꡭ
ͣ
ԳͻȻҶĻʮڣҲпܱ𣿡
Ҷ
һ£Ҹʮ꣡ԳͻȻ
ԣҶһ㶣漴һϲʲô£
ȥһԳ
Ҷʲô
ԳͻȻֵ˵Ҷ壬ﵽ侳
Ҷ˵ͷ
벻ﵽԪԳ֮͸һ˿ջ
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
Գĳָָڵϣһأǽ񹬵ŪģԾۼؾҲؼĸд֮գǳľܹһЩкܴԴﵽԪ
ҶգգۣȻ϶ʲôŰɣ

ԳһһռˡҪõأͱȰ£
򲻹Ҷ
ԳɫЩѿԥһᣬ˵ͷ
ҶɫЩȻˡԳ򲻹ļһǵöֲ
룬ҶҲ֪طǲýģýҵʵۿ۵ģ
ԳѾˣԼŰ졣
ҶãͻȻ۾һǸôҪģǿ͵İ
͵Գס
Ҷ˵ͷȻԼϢܵõҵϢ𣿡
ԳҡҡͷǲУǼһûлȥ͵
ҶָָԳǲȥעȥ͵𣿡
ԳüͷЩԥ
ҶֻסֻҪ֣ǾܣǸ㲻һʱ䶼ɣ
ƨ
ԳŭȻսҪսʤҲûôסֻ룬ȥס㶫ֺ㲻ֱ˰ɣ
㻳ңҶŭ𣿡
ҸоǣԳ
Ҷ
һΣʱԳͻȻ࣬ǾڵĶﵽԪǶңûôΪҵѾǼԪҪѡҪǾصЩôԡ
ģҶҲֱˣ
ԳһҶһΣһȥ׼һ£ҵĵطҡ
˵꣬Գһ뿪˴
ޣ
Ԫ
ҶһܹõԳİԪЩ˾еˡ
ջ˼ҶһԵư࣬û°ɣ
ư΢΢ҡͷۿţһʥ߾Ȼܹɱһ߾ǿߣһ׵޼սҶʱһһαҶ𺳣ʥɱߣսޡҲŵģ
ҶЦЦ˵ˣ˵˵ƽɣҶ⣬Ǻ˽⣡
ư΢΢ͷȻƽⶫ㹻Ͼʯʵ൱һ߾ǿߡ
൱߾ǿߣ
Ҷסˡ


1248 㲻ɣ
߾ǿߣ
ʲô
ǿ൱˵
Ҷ֪ư಻˵¿ư࣬ʾ˵
ưǶ˵ǸûǸַ磬Ѿʧˡ˵ⶫѾܹĳġʹǵ꽣񹬣ҲǺķѪôһңҲֻеĽ񹬣
ҶߵƽǰƽֱҶԥһ£͵һȭ
죡
һ죬ƽ˿ҶȴǱĳɡ
ҶһĨ𾪣ụ̈߾ǿߵĹܹס
ư˷ˣҲǺֲܿġϾʯʵ൱һ߾ǿߡ
ȥ
Ҷ£ưƽϺƽ̹涼صķơڽϵλãһٿҡ
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Ҷ˵ͷϾʯ⣬ܹ߾ǿвǶǵİǼġ
ưʵһôǾܹǿշСһĵƽǲǿ֮дģƽԡ
˵⣬ͻȻתͷҶ֮ǰǺԳ˵Ļ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һ漴Ԫָʲôµ˵ͷġ
аܹ뿪磿ưʡ
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1252 㲡Ҫ
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˵ţֳҶ͵һģԳôһģҶֱӵ˳ȥ


1253 ͻƣͻƣ
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1254 һֻ֣
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1256 ľɱ

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1258 
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ҶȻԷǱذƤʱ°סǰĿռؼһѪʱһذ׹س֣ذֱӲǰҶûйذףѪ͵һ̣һѪӦ˵ΪǰҲһѪ
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һ̣ҶǰĿռ䴦ͻȻӿһɿֲƣҶǰҲȻһɽ⣬ǹײһը죬ҶĳʮɣǰʮǴռҲǷһ
Ҷûйܺǰ˿ڣ˫еѪ͵ؾͳǰ˹ȥ
Ҷ˶ʮɿ⣬Ŀռ䶼˿ǣüͷȴΪ֮ǰֲֵˡ
Ҷɨһܣ֪Է϶ûȥĳطϧǣܲԷϢ
Ҷ˼ϾʯȻôսˣҳ
£ɫʱٴһ䣬һ͸ذֱ³֣ȻĽš
ԷȻǰ
ҶɫЩѿĹ򣬱
ҶûйǱذף˫սǰĵȥ
һֻŻһԸ⻻
һͻ뱻ԣ뱻
õķ
ϧԷԸ⻻ڼûзʱԷذ׶ʱı˷ģĽϡ
죡
һڳϯҶɣԶذֲˡ
ûڼԷһԶӶȥʱԷֳǰȻһ
Ҷ˫΢УһնڶԷذϣɡ
һΣˡԷҪס
ȻûԷûг֡
ԭأҶĬϢȻ˵ͷ߾ҽ컹Ͳˡ
Ҷ£ǰ߾ͳԶ


1259 ҲҪ㣡
ߣ
ǣ߲ˡʹܹߣӵһʱҲӲһңӣֻԽԽ⣬Ϊ˶߾ҪԶģȥݽߣʱεֿ߾ǿߣ
һսлᣡ
ΪǹĺɱֶˣԷΪ׷ûˣرǲ֪ɱ֣ղŶԷʵʵڰһ˵߾ǿߣѾǴˣ
ԼԼ֮ǰȻҲˣ޸ٶȿ찡ʱڵ˻Ѿ޸ɣƣȻҲΨһƣΪȻԷ˶ˣǣԷսһˣ
֮û·ˣ
ҶֽѪĿԶĺϣǹߣʱԷֻʣһֱֻۣԶԷʵҪֱָȻǿԵģǣһӳĽնϣҪָûô򵥣
֮ĿںϣȻԭġǳԼڵĴ߾ǿս̫ãԣսپҪսپ͵Ƚһˣ˵ĺȻѡ
ûж֣ڶ˵ϾϣΪ
Ҷ
ҶԪҵ˾ɱİɣ
Ҷȷʵǣ
˫΢УҶԪԩ޳ΪɱԪҵˣ
ҶϸһĨЦݣ£
ɫʱҶͻȻλӦþʲôİɣ
ô֪򣡡ü
ҶȻ˸ҵģλҵһ⣬ҽԼûʲôԹɣȻλԪҵҾͲ˵ˣ֮жԹҪɱң޿ɺǡ˵⣬ߣǸӦòԪҵİɣǶڰλӦҲԪҵİɣҶԩ޳Ϊζɱ֣
˵أ
ҶЦҽȻǲݣԭ𣿡
ߵȻ֪ʲô
Ҷֻȷһ£
Ȼأ
Ҷʼ磬ˣϲ鷳ǣҪ鷳Ҳ¡ȻѾҽ˵ǵˣû취ҽҲֻܽǵˡ
ǻߵҶǳϣȷʵţ׳ȷʵܹв򣬾ڣҲвǣڵʵ㽣ڵʵҪԿ򣬾һЦǲˣϷֽˣȻҪˣ˲Ϣ顣
ҶĬãȻҴŽͶô
ҶĻǻסֱסˡ
Ͷ
ҶҪͶҪŽͶ
˵ҪͶȻΪԼˣʵ
Ҷ˵ͷɫλҲˣҽ˸ֵܵҸǿѵǿ߾ǿ𣿶뽣˵ҪͶûбѡˡ
һۣûҶͶģΪʲôҶôһǿߣǴ½ǿĽޣôܻûаͶôܣǣû뵽ҶȻҪͶ
Ͷ
߾ȵͬʱиһ˿ӣԭȻҶǵˣǶҶЩ𾴵ģȻҶŰۣʵȴѾԽ߾ͣ˵ʵȻֵ𾴣
ǣû뵽ҶȻǶûУΪ˻ȻҪͶ
ӣ
˲жҶһֱӻһӣ
ʱҶֵλǰʶʱΪܣҶɲǲʶʱˡͶԣһҪ󣡡
߿һҶ˵
ҶʵҵҪҲܼ򵥡˵⣬Ҷˣ֪λܷ򣿡
ܣߵ
Ҷ˵ͷʵҵҪǳ򵥣ǣǡ
˵⣬Ҷֹ
üҶҪڵĴʲô̵ġ
Сģ
ʱһͻȻڳ
һ̣ԶҶͻȻʧԭأҶʧһ˲ǻɫ˲䣬ܵľͳǰҶ£

ײһ貵Ļ𻨽俪ǻ˫־һõд䣬սˣȴǱ˰ɿ⣬Ҷȴͬƹ֮˲ϢͳǰȻٴս£
ͫȻһʧȥȻʱ޷ΪҶٶ̫죬֮ǰַ˽䱸ֻӲ鵽Ҷֲ˿⣬մ˫մȻ͵سҶѪ˹ȥ
䣡
Ǳǻ߾Ŀֱ֮ը˿ǿನֱӽھѪȻ˳ź׷˳ȥ
Ҷûгʤ׷ˣΪһǹѾ߹ͬʱһذҲ֪Ժ
Ҷɫ䣬ܳ׵Ǳذ׵˹ȥһԵǱǹ˹ȥ

ըڳҶѪһǱǹȴֱӱ˳ȥҶûйˣҲûйǺߣǻһѪâǻ˹ȥ
ҶԼǻɫһ䣬ӦҲһгһȻ˫г͵ؾͶҶһ
䣡
ײһֲҶмɢ֮£Ҷ߽ǱˡҶˣһǹѾƿնһΣǹ̺֮֮ǰҪӿֲ
Ҷûȥ赲ߣɵûˡ
Ҷ΢΢һѪǱǹһ̡
ѪѪ֡
䣡
ųǹĺ˴ǹĳˣҶҲǿ±ĳ߱ˣͬʱһھѪ֮ǰǻӲƴʱδվȣǿӲһȻˣˣ
˶˵㲻ʲô
סεһ̣ĿռͻȻ䶯һ£Ȼһذ׳Բ˹
˸Ļᣡ
ҶûйǿߣǿһԵǻߣԪңҶƲҲҪ㣬Ա֮𣡡
£һذ׾ҶԺϣذȻûƵܣǿȴǽҶһȻҶȴҽ͵һ̤գȻֳǻ߱ȥ
ԶҶĻǻֱסˡ
ƲҲҪԼ֮
ȫе£ԪҶг𣬵Ԫҵ˺òҲҪԼԪҺûҶʲô񹲷ߵ鰡
룬ΪҶѾǰ˫дٴ͵ؾһ
죡
ٴαˣʱҶͻȻеĽüģԪϹһɱ㣡
£һɿֲҶڱӿ
Сģ
ԶǺɫһ䣬æѣȻ˳Ҷ˹ȥǸ˶ĳҶҪʩչʲôǿĽ
ԶǻҲɫޱȻһӣֳܣͬʱǰĿռ俪ʼ
ʱҶʧԭء
ͫʱһʱͻȻһҹϹСģĿ㣡
ԣһԵĺ΢΢һ㶣һ̣˫˲Բȫë


1260 ɱ
ͫΪҶ⳯ߴ˹
˿̣ףҶĿ겢ǻߣ֮ǰһУʵΪһ̡
ǸУΪ֮ǰΪ˾ǻߣԼٶ˼££ܹһ¾ͣȻһʱȻǿԵģǣҶʱ䣬ʱҶٶҲǼµġ
ֻһ˲߱ףҪֻӲ
·꣬߻
һĨɫӿȫӿֵĳǹ֮УȻǰҶ͵ش˹ȥʱ䣬Ȼôͨһڣʱ䣿
˵ٶȶﵽ˼£ֶȫһ
ڻ߳ǹһ̣ҶüĽӡɲǼ䣬ŵѪ˲һ
ܿ죬ǹײ
ͣ
ûκξҲûκδ󶯾Զǻ߾Ŀ֮УҶǱֱӴ̴˺ߵǹ⡣
һ̡
ǹֱӱ̳룬Ҷ˺ߵ
彩Ӳ˫ĿãȻãÿĽ
¡
ͣ
һѪͬȪһԺüļȻͬйƢһ㣬ӿܿ죬ںʬҶһӣߵʬֱ
Զǻ߾ĿҶг˾һ˿ɵ
ɱ߾
ɱߣ
Ȼ֪Ҷɱ߾ǿߵʵۼǱˡңҶһɱһߣȻıƣҪ֪߿߾
߾սһۣɱһ߾ǿߣ
ʲô
û⣬еֻɱ⣬ҶҶɳ⽫Ƽҵѣ
ԶҶʬȻó˼ϾʯԼУǻеĻߣЦǲǼɱһߣȻұȻպвԪң
ֽеĵѾȫɲ˿Ĵ⣬ΪֻʣˡҪĲսҪϵǿ߸
ҶҲûг֣ЦղŴ߶ӡʩչռһ˲ɱֻʣ²һɣڶ֣˷ûκ塣ΪԷȫ䱸£Ҫһ˲ɱɱԷһ㶼ʵ
ң֮ǰսҲܵˣȻǺأҲᣡ
ʵΪǿЩ߾ǿߵĹѶָּǿ˵ǶԷһֱӽУȻ¾ϿһٽֻҪ˵ֻСˣ
Ϊ޸ٶȿ찡Ҳǿ
ҶѪԶĻߣû˵Ҳڿǽ䱸Ҳû˵˶˵նʱ
е񱩷ǰ
ʱһһȥԼһӣҶͻȻȻǲ֣ҿɾˡ
˵꣬תߡ
վס
ʱǻͻȻŭôҶߣҶҪˣǷŻɽ
Ҷͣ˽Ųһ̣תֱӰνͶŻ˹ȥ
ҶֱӾͶ֣ǻ۽һз˫еĴ͵ؾһһѩ׵ʱ˺ѿռ䣬Ҷݺײ˹ȥһȻ۽á
Ҷɫ䣬Žֱǵ֮ϡ
ͣ
ǵֱӱҶӲ룬ʱǻͻȻǰȻһЯһױȵԴͬʱһذͻȻ
һΣҶûȥذףܳͷǴ󵶣һת˫Ѫ͵ؾһ
ͣ
ҶһȴֱˣΪذѾʧ
ҶɫصɱѧˣһգʧӲҲǣ˵࣬׵޶ӲڿǼԪ׵׽
һգҶûйܶԷתһǻߣǵճһ̣֮ǰʧذȴֹسΣذûԴĺ󱳣ȻλǶԷΪֵλã
ذףҶɫ겻ɢ
ȻˬɲӣԼȥӲԷذףȻǿ˼Ҳܹķ΢ܳĺ󱳣ס˶Էذס
죡
ܾһҶǶʱһĨɺ죬Ȼܵס˶ԷĹⲻһ¶ûУȻǿҲȫԷס
һΣذ׵ûߣһһϡǻҲûţдͬһҶȥ
Ȼǻذ׵˶ˡ
ȷʵ߾Χһۣûгɹɱһǻ߻ذ׵жޱ߷ߵġʱ˶߷߻ŭ𣬶ŭȻǳҶȥ
ҶȻ˸ѻֻһۣԷȴ߾ǿɱ߾
ⲻǵߣ߾߾Ϯɱһۣ
۸˰
뵽⣬ҶŭȻʹƴɵĴ򷨣˻ˣ;
ս˲֪ãеɽԼɽ˵սನ촷ۡʱǻ߻Ҷ϶ѾˡǻҪһЩΪһֱֻѾ
ҶҲòȥȻûȱ첲ȣȴĵۣеĵۺСȻذ£еĵȴǺܴر򴦣ǵ۸ܼ׹ǣȻǻߵĵ¡
ʱǻ߻ˣѡЦʱ˭˭ͽ뱻
Ȼ֮ԲΪǿߺܿͻᵽֻҪϵǿ߸ʱҶɡȻҲֻɱҶǣǺǼԪҶ׵ķǸԻɱҶ
ϣ
ҶȻҲɱۣԴѵģȻ֪ȥǺܲġΪ֮ԻܹΪкԴԴ޸壬ȻĴ򷨡һִ꣬򷨾ˣ
ңҲоˣ뵽⣬֪ܼȥˡΪԷпѾȾȱˣ
ˣҶһĨһ̣ƾճܣţ͵Ȼ󡭡
䣡
һɿֲҶΪϯ
ֵһ̣ǻд󺧣ŴʹԼȫ֮͵سǰ˹ȥ
Ҷһƺ𣬺ܿ죬ƺβİɿ⡣
죡
ǻֱӱ˳ȥҶû˿ԥһǻ߼ȥ
ߴ󺧣ʱѾûʲôεֵҶھʱһذ׳Ҷ󣬵Ҷûͣ£Ϊܵȥ
ܵǱذʱһ̶ƷͻȻڳ𣬽ţһ֧ɫĳ֪Ӻδ˳ȻֱҶıġ
ͣ
һѪҶǰ
ҶˣԶ߼һĻ̲סЦΪǿѾˡǿѵҶʱǿ֮ĩʱʤѶ
ͷûз֣ʱҶûͣ£ɳҶУĮһ˿
ܿ죬ߵЦݼӲסˣΪҲҶûͣ£ڳҶĮ񣬻еһ˿־塣֮ǰȻɵҶǲ־壬ˣҶķȻҷΪ߾ǿߣ
ڣ˿־壡
ǰˣһӣķӣҪķӣ
ɱ
ҶͻȻڳ𣬽ţֱӻһѪ˿ʧʧԭأٴγʱѾڻߵ󣬻ߵϵЦһӲ
Ҷճڻһ˲һ֧ڳһûҶڡ
ʱҶǰ֧
Ҷǲ뵲ʱ޷Ϊʱעǻϣζɱ˻ߡûκԥѡɱߡ
ܣʱѾԴ߶ˡ
ҶһӣǻʬȻԶЦɱɱ


1261 Ҷ
ҶԶһߣһӡ
ǰҶɫأޱأ
յ˴ϢʱǶлЩӵģΪ߾ǿΧɱһ߾ȻҪ˳ҶǿǿҲֻһۣһǿǿȥ
ǿҲ̫Щ
ڣ֪ǻܣҶȷʵֲ̫һ˶ս߾ǿߣûбɱɱ߾ǿߣҶŰֲۡѾҶˡ
䱸
ɵ
֮ǰ֮ģѾȫҶͬױǿԴ
ʱҶνЩҵģǰ֧ϵǵˣ϶ŲʮˣرҼ򴦵ǵˣΪۣΪ̫ˣͷܿü˵ȥһ㣬ͳûˡ
ɱ
ʱһЩͻȻڳ
ŮҲҶϤɱֵԷŮģ
ԷĻҶüͷʱһ壬ɱ֣֮ǰʵɱŮģΪŮܹ׷ҶԷɱ֣̫ûˣڹؼʱ̸һջĺܡû취Ů̫죬Ҫɱʵ̫ѣ
ãڿԷӣӦˣȻԷͲǿڣֱӶˡ
Ҷһ۶ߣȻָһԼ״ܿ죬ԼڵĴڵ֮ղµϾʯҲδˣһɣһɣ˶˵սˡ
ӲƴУΨȡ
뵽⣬Ҷ΢΢һתƴ
ԶһۣҪ֣ʱҶͻȻѽȻ˫֣Ͷ
Ͷ
ԭҪֵ߽һ㶣Ǿ㵣Ȼû뵽ҶͻȻôһ
ʱ䣬ɱʱɱֵ֮дһ˿ŭ
ŮӵĻɫʱҪ֣ʱҶֵλˣݽߣһʱҲã𣿡˵⣬ҶһȻޱģͶҪš
߶ʱЩԥˣҶʵ죬ǽҲԸͶҲ
޴
ʱŮӵڳ𣬡ʱ䣬ָǿָƣ˶ɱ
죡
ʱһԵҶͻȻȵ£Ҳ֮ǰСĿбҪҪأҵжԣ֣й⣬Ϊ˵С׷ţδ̫ʧ߾ǿߵķ緶˰ɣ
޳ܣ
ŮӵͻȻڳ͸һɺеĿࡣ
ԱߵȴЩ£ʲôʲô
ҶûиתԽĻᣬæλ֮ǰҾͶǴŮãֵز˵֮ǰλҲ˲зϣĴ
Ͷʱǻ߳
Ȼ
Ҷ϶λҶ֪ģ뽣˵ʵ޷ԿҺף뽣ţֻͶ
Ҳ㣡
ֱҶҲһھ½Ľ޻ôûһ̰ˣ֮˵ô࣬ʵĿľҪʱ䣬𣿡
ʱѾеĹҶ
ҪϻֱӶ֣ʱŮӵ
˫΢УӿҪ֣ʱҶȴͻȻȻλʶƣҲͲװˡ˵ţóһҶýǻɫʱ䱸ʱ׼֡
ȻҶȴǽԼĺϣ
ɱ
ҶҪɱ
סˡ
Ҷӣλ֪մѵҶҲһ˽ܣԸϣϣһȫʬλȫλͬ⣬ƴҲҪһһߣ
߿ҶãȻԣ
Ҷܹɱ˵õġΪҲ붯֣ȻҶˣ˲µġȫʬֻҪҶһǲǾǵˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˫ۻеĽԼӴѹѹ
Ҷ˿ûɽ䱸ȫ䱸ţֻҪҶ춯Ǿͻ֡
ʱŮҲûгˡ
ڵҶɱ
һϢȥҶûж֡
ϢȥҶûж֡
ܿ죬ʮϢȥҶɻûж֡
㶯ְʱ̲ס
һ˲ҶͻȻ۾ˣҸıˣһ
£ҶתֱӻһûǰĿռڡ
ֱʯ
޳֮ͽ
ع󣬻ֱԱߵҲɫѿһǱҶˣ˰
׷
ô׷ӳܵõϢ𣿡
ɫһȻɨһ۳У¡

ŮӺȻ
ɫѿˡȴûиҷЦŮǿɲҵǿɲԼһ߾ɱ찵пӡ
ѹеŭ𣬵£ʱ˵Щ壬ҵѰҶȻƻָҪɱºѡ
ĬƬ̣Ůӵһָ˵꣬˶٣ֵʵѾԶߣˣҲԻɱǴȥǼǰ
Ҫˣü
ǣҶ;飬ͶɵѾ֪ͨǧɱһʱǧɱ˾ͻᵽŮӵУǣҶպ𡣴Ǵﵽߣֹܹﵽߣǰϣ
üͷûôذɣ
۾ѾɱߣڲŰۣ⣬ҲɥŮŭˣ˾ǵڶ޼ɳ˶ɡǣɱҶˣ
ŮӵĻһۣнǾȻû뵽ŮӶҶôߣû뵽ҶѾܹвˣȻڣǣҲв
ĬƬ̣ߵ˵ͷһ˵
ֻҪǣǵڶ޼ǾͻˡŮӵ


1262 ɣһϣ
˰
Ҷڵϣʣˣ̲ס̾һ
һΣȻʤˣҲǲʤݽߣˣرǰֱ֧֧䴩ķΣںһ¶оԼڱõȫһ֮ۡ⣬Ϊ֮ǰս̫ã̫裬͸֧ʱ
֮һıˣ
֮ǰûˣΪʲôҰ£ˣܵĻᶼûУң֮ǰǵҲ޷޸ãˣûкãӲ
ˣ
ˣ
ҶóһϾʯ߳ϾʯԱЩϾʯȼȻա
ԴԴϽҶڣȻСգܿ죬һ˿˿С˳˳ľڸɢȥ޸ڵˡֺڵ˶ʱʼѸ޸
Ҷ˫΢գЩ޸塣
ưո
Ҷʣǿ϶ᡣԷһʼ߾ǿɱѾ֤ԷҪɱڣԷڼʶʵ츳󣬿϶᲻ϧһдɱû˻һǳǱĵ˻ţҲᣡ
֮ǰһսԷ϶ڶ˿֮ġԣ鷳ˡΪýֺͷ붼֪Էο϶ɸˣ߸ǿ
⻹鷳ģ鷳ǶԷܹҵ䣡
֪Էʲô׼ȷҵģȥԶڱ
ϢûãԷôģ
ҶüͷţֻѡһɱǸܹ׷ٵŮˣ취ԼϢ
ɱ˶ԷȻУڲУΪԷߣڻȥͶԼϢ䶼ûáԣԷԲܿҲ˵Է϶ʲôķסǿϢ
ⷽʲô
Ҷüͷ壬֮ǰŮӽֵĳ˼ãͻȻҶ۾ռ䣡
ռ䣡
ԷʱԷˣԷȫռΪһ壬Ϊһ壬Ҳ˵Էڿռ䷽϶ߡⲻص㣬صƶʲô϶ڿռºۼ
ܹϢ֮Ŀռ䣬϶²ԶԷĿռ裬пܹƾѰҵ
Ҷ˫ۣʳĬһ˲ȻվԷܹƾռҵҲ˵ڵλþѾ¶ˡʵԷԷڰܲ
ԭأҶĬ
ڣһƿءռ䡭
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ͣҶǰŮӣʱŮסҶûϸ۲Էòֱӵ֪һУ԰ɣ
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һԣҹ̲סŭΪǣǲ֪
ԪҡҡͷҲ֮ӣҲԽ׻ɱ߾ǿߣȻ԰ʱѾߣҶǰۣȻǲᱻԽ׻ɱġϧ͹ҶԶԶ͹ˡ
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ڵΣҹԪϡ
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Ԫ̧ͷԶ˫΢УˣܻŰ

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ΪҶɱǧɱ󣬶һ԰۵ʵɱ붼£
ʱԪϵǧɱһϹ潻֣ҶûɱǱҶҪ֡ҶҲɱҶӦӡ֮ڿʼǷֿѲ飬ҵǡ
ԪϵĻһۣ֪ԪϴʱҲЩĻˡʵҲҶĻɱǧɱϹĻǵﵽߣ¾Ԫֻ·һ
˴ųصʧԭأԪϿԶеһɱ⡣

һٶ֮⡣
ңҶЩ
Σǧյ
ٶ̫죬ܲס
ƨ£ǧû
ң㿴



1270 Ϊҿ㲻ˬ
һ֪ɽҶһ⻬ľʯϣ˫΢գѾԡߣһƬܼ֣ұʮ⣬һ̶ˮ̶ˮϷһٲˮɽк£̶ˮ֮Уһһˮ
ҶԣǧաʱǧĿҶϡ
Ҷǧޱ飬ɫƽȴ˳һ㡣ҶɱǧɱǸĴڡǧɱѾ֪˶꣬ǣδҶֹΪԷжǿ
ڣԷˡǰֻǰ۵ϣ
֮ǰսһҶʵҪǧɱǣȴӮˡΪʲô
ΪҶݣԵ˺ݣԼݣҪһ㣬Ǿ
ͷǧɱҶƴʵǧɱ·ģϣҲ·硣ΪǱҶƴҶȴƴвȻвǧɱ˼֣ңΪһʼ˻ˣˣй˼ɣй˼ɣȻҲй˼ɣҲΪҶռϷҪԭ
ǧɱҲʼҶʱѾˡ
ʵҶʵҪǧɱģһ㣬ӹɵģǣһսʤĲʵи档ʷϣʤ࣬ʤǿ̫̫ˡ
ҶǧлЩģҶزۣɳպɾͱضȽ޼
ջ˼ǧմһҶҶ˺أǳأ˵ôص˻ܹһ漣
Ҷ
û뷨û뷨ֻȡԼĻǣҶԣĻᡣ
ǧߵҶԶ£ҶĸΪҶڵƻģˣܿͷԼĻҶĸλãûԥһ֮ҶڵƻǷ·ٻʱһҪҶڣоһĻǧնʱһϲ
ʱҶڵСתһ£ʱƻǰƾǧٻûж
ô£ǧüԣȻûж
Ĭãǧɫһذ׳УȻذ׶ҶĸȻҪҶƶǡ
ǿƿ
ʱҶͻȻǧն
ǧذ΢΢һ٣תͷҶʱҶѾ۾ʱڿϢǧذףȻ׼ˣȻˣԼɡ
ˣ
ҶһǧգȻŶԷĹҪѵһ㣬Ů˹Ѿƶˡ
ȻˣҲȫˣýҵĻǻˡʱǧպȻ
УҶҡͷ
ǧɫһɱѾֽȵ㻹Ҫ
Ҷղɱңǲǣ
ǣǧպ̹ס
Ҷ㿴ôأǰûʲô֮ǻ㣬϶ᷴһң˵ĶԲԣ
ǧտҶãȻ
ܼ򵥣Ҷƻָͽǻ㣬ʳԣ
ڶ𣿡
ǧͻȻ£ֱҶˣûʮ£ûŵرָôָҸ㣬Ҳʮ£
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Ҷ㱣һ죬һ󣬲˻ָûָҶǻ㣬Σ
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ȷҶ
ǧտҶãȻãڱһ죡
ϾʯҶ
ǧտһҶһϰϾʯҶԱߡ
ιңҶ
㲻Ҫôߣǧǲơ
ҶԼڻܶ𣿡˵٣֮ǰǧɱսѾݽߣֻԣˣһ㶼ûлָûлָԽԽصļ
ǧտҶһȻգϾʯݵҶߡΪ֪ҶָһĻǲὫǻġ
ҶҲͳԣϾʯ븹Сʱתܿ죬ϾʯСգһ˿˿С˳ֺҶúĴһ㣬ʱյĸɸɾ
ǧιҶϾʯȻԻǲģҶܵЩϾʯʼȼȻҶӿȥ
ǧѱպδ㣿Ҷʡ
ǧյһҶйϵ
Ҷ룬ȻǧѾߣǿһˣʣʵܹƿƬĽƣȥ𣿡
ʲô˼ǧһöϾʯݵҶߣʡ
ҶǧյϾʯȻƲĽƣǣܡ
Ц͡
ǧǷһĨ˵ʲôǺܿ죬ǵļӲס󻺻ʧҪ˵ĻҲȻֹ
Դ½ǿ߶ҪƿؽƣǰȻôȴûһ˳ɹҶ˵ʱһӦǿЦΪ߾ǿ߶飬Ҷô
Ǻܿ죬ͻȻ뵽һ£ǾǣҶڲŰۡԺأԺﵽߵأﵽǴﵽأ
뵽⣬ǧտһҶȴû˵
Ҷֵǧһ˭ʵЩ߾ǿߡΪʲôΪʥ߻ǵߣ綼ܹܹԼʵԼأܹ𣿲УݲǣҲǣҪͻԼͱǰ˵Ķ𣿡
ǳȥҲһܹȥǧ˵ţһϾʯݵҶߡ
ҶϾʯֱǧգһȥлȥ
ǧϾʯݵҶ͵ͣҶãȻеϾʯҶУԣԱ˸Ͻһǻҡ
ҶߣԼ˵ô죬ȫ˷ѿˮ
ҶǲŮߣɱ֣ܹõȻ֣һ߶ܹɱ
ŮԶûʲôøУҪöԷļ뽣ˣеѰ
ҶãȻǧҳ뽣ˡŮһˣЩģһöûУֱ롣
ǧտһҶȻɱǧɱǣԪңҹҵţЩܹóʮߣ㣬㽣мߣҵӡУһûаɣ㽣ˣ
˵⣬ϾʯҶУȻֵ㽣ܹǿ⣬Ҳ㽣ˡ
ҶϾʯ⣬Ϊʲô
֪ǧʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ǧֱҶΪҿ㲻ˬ
Ҷ


1271 ټԶ
Լˬ
Ҷ˺һŻعȻΪʲô
ǧյûΪʲô֮Ҳ뽣ˣ˺֮󣬰ҵĻǻңӴǸ߸ġ
Ͳ뿪طҶʣЩġ
ûв뿪طǧյҲţԺкܴ뿪ط
ΪβԸ뽣ˣҶʵ
ǧյһҶҲڳΪеĽȥʹڣֻΪԼף
ҶĬԷ뽣˵ԭӦþҲǣûԸΪеĽǰŮǰǧɱʹԷĽĿΪ˱𣬶ڣñȻǲڹʹӡ
뵽⣬Ҷ˵ͷ⡣
ǧû˵һϾʯݵҶߣʱ˽ɫһ䣬ΪͷʿռͻȻ˺ѿȻһӡ˳Ŷ˵λúݺ
ǧ˫΢Уذֱӻһ׹𣬰׹ٶȼ죬˲ײǵӡ֮ϡ
䣡
һ˲㳯ɢռĲϼ
ߣ
·ǧҶ䱳˱ϣȻһʧԭء
ߣ
ǧձҶʧԭأһڳ𣬽ţһֻݵͻȻһռ˳ȻҶǧץ˹ȥ֮ǿԶǧҶٶȶʱ
ǧһĨɫһתĿռŤռŤǹʱʧô˻ᣬǧ΢΢һֱû˿ռ֮С
˸ʧһ߱ǳ˳Уֺ߳ҹҲ
ղǧɱ֮ǰλŮɱ֣ҹʡ
Ԫ˫΢УҶˣŮڱ
ôܣҹôҶһѵ˵ǧɱҶʲôЭ飿ǧɱվҶߣ
ԣ˽ɫһ䣬ǧɱҶ鷳ˡҶѾֲܿڼǧɱڰ˵ɱҶܻܲŻȥ⡣Ҫ֪Ȼ˶࣬ǧɱɲԿǧɱľģ
˶Ԫϡ
ԪϳΣǧɱһԭ֯ǲ׵֮꣬Ȳܴˣ׷ŮļҶҲɱˣ
£Ԫһʧԭء
Ҳæȥ
ʮ֮⣬ǧձҶһ·񱼡
ȻҶѾһЩǣΪܵʵ̫̫ˡ˵ʱȫˣûһõĵطڡЩˣҪɵܹ޸ҪָɵҪʱڣȱľʱ䣡
ǲǺܸˣʱǧͻȻ
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
ǧյǷһ𣬶һ㣬ڣǿ϶Ϊһɹİˮѵø𣿡
һһ
Ҷǧģ˺ˣһɱǣ
죡
ǧŭȵҶҸ㣬Ϊһ󣬲ôýҵĻǻңȻ˴һͬھҲңԡ
Ҷһ̾ǧûҪΪ˼ֻǾãѾ㵱ˣֵĻҶ㶼кôأ
ǧһкô뿪磿Ц뿪磬㻭һõԲڼ䣬ҪΪΪɱˣʹ⵹Ǵĺã
ҶĬƬ̣ȻһʽˡǿԺңȻô
ôǧյǾ仰һģҵġ
ҶĬãȻ˵ͷȻѾҲ˵ʲôˡ
ˣ
ǧһٶȼӿ졣
ҶҲڷϻóϾʯ̣ڶ˵ָƣָҪġ
ΪʲôܹҵǣҶȻʡȻ֮ǰûýԼϢǧȴÿռͨϢ˵ԷӦҵǵĲǣΪǧϢͨҲǿҪ֪нҲֲ˶Էġ
Ҫκˣرˣ
ǧճԪϹ֣ԷϹֶȻ٣ңˣֶߣֻҪԸ⣬Բǧڶǵʶ֮УֻҪ΢¶һ˿ǿܾͻ֣˵֮ǰǴսʱɵĶС
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵Ҳǡûʲô취
Ҵӣӵ죬Ȼģҵģǧյ
Ҷ
ǧջû˵٣ȻڴҶӣȻĴʱһҶֵ
ҶҡҡͷҲ˵ʲôǿŤĹϲ𣬼ȻԷĲڼ˵ûʲô˼ˡ
ǧմҶһ·񱼣ȻǧĹ򲻴ǻкüβ㱻Ԫϵ£ڶоա
ҶҲѸٻָţڣѾָĳɣȴûΪѾˡˣǧձû취ڵٶȱǧգǲʮǧ
ֹȥʱʱҶϵѾûд󰭣ҪڻָΪ֮ǰˣˣʱһûС
ԽԽˣǧճ
һʱһʱʱ䣡Ҷ
ǧճĬһᣬȻѾָˣ
ҶҲµѾˡ
Ҷ£Ըоǧս΢΢һ١˺һᣬǧʣǲǴ˵еĲʣ
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ҶֻȽ⣬ܹô졣
ԭˣǧ΢΢ͷ
˶û˵һʱǧͣҶԾһǧյǰ
ǧտҶû˵
ҶҲûзϻһӣƻǳǧյǰҶ˸ɴ࣬ǧ̲סһҶû˵һУƻǶʱûڡ壬ǧ˿١
ǧһȻҶټԶ
˵꣬˿ͣתʧԶ
Ҷʼ磬ʱͻȻתͷԶһ˲ƾʧԭء
ҶʧԭأһӰԭڵλһܿ죬Ӱ
һᣬҶֳԭλáڲ˿ռͨн˫£ǧնˣԪϵ˸ûз
Ҷ̧ͷԶüͷΪղŵЩ׷ķǧȥʱķ
ԥ£Ҷһĸȥ


1272 սӲˣ
ԪϹ֣ǲȥ׷Ҷ׷ʣǧտǰԪϵˣ
ڷԪϹֵ˲ûȥ׷Ҷ׷ʱûڼˡΪԼбҪ˵һԼҶѾûйϵɲԼΪĹУ뱻߾ǿ׷ɱ
ԪĿǧϣƽһ²ΪҪҶ£ʵ벻ͨ
Ѿûйϵǧյ
ԪϵûйϵǺǣûйϵ֮ǰǰƴ£ǧɱ֮ΣǲûǵĳŵίҪɱˣðɣ
ǧճĬΣȻǸʣȥҸǰЩ˻֪ǧɱѾ䣬ýһжƵǧɱϣ֮⣬ҲǧɱЩˡ
ǧɱ
ԪЦһҺܺ棬ĺܺ棬ҶʲôȻõǧɱ󶼲ϧԼԭ
޹أڣѾûκιϵҪɱȥǧɱ󲻻ǧյ
ԪϿǧհΣȻɱˣ
ԪԵҹ΢΢һȻû뵽ԪϻôܿǾԭΪôˡǧɱǾһвǧɱֹȻҶǲǷҽǵǵˡ
ȻǧɱѡǵĵˣȻ֣ǧɱѾһߣǰŮҲɱǧɱֻʣһߣʱǧɱǵвȻСࡣǰŮ˵ǧɱԺ󲻻ڰҶȻǲŵģҲţһǧɱպڱͱӣǶ˵ɻһجΣ
ԪԵȻûԥһ֧ͻȻǧƿնȥٶȼ죬գۼѾǧյǰ
̣
һߵڳ𣬺ܿ죬֣ǧΧԲǧڵĿռ䶼Ϊ֮ŨǶǧɱĹǼɵĺܣˣһ־ֱӽռô䣬ֻҪǧﷶΧڣ;ƤϢ䣬ڴռ߾͸ˡ
߼ӹ̿ռ䣬ɲһܹƿģ
ռӹ̣һ߳ǰ̤һȻָһ㣬ָһʱĿȻǲԶǧա
УֻԪûг֡
ԶڼԪϵ˳ʱǧɫѿȻû뵽ԼƲҶĹϵұ֤ҶЩ˾ȻǲŹת˲ˣǰЩԭͶǧɱ޺øУڣ¾ǧɱʵ
һңһŲҶǧɱ֣ǣЩȫšһɣ˵һǧɱ󣬾ǧɱǶ壡
ǧȻԴУ΢һذֶȻ˫־ذ͵ضǰ֧һ

ֱӱɣǧձҲĳˣȴûֹͣ˫ذ³͵һΪһѾǰذбǹ֮ϣʱһը
죡
ǧձˣȻû˼ͷ·ײһǽһ㣬ͣȻһھѪ˳
ɱ֣ذɱıºǿ潻֣ܻһߡƫƫû취ԼΪΧĿռѾӹ̣һ߾ǿ߼ӹ̣Կռ裬Ҫƿռռ仹׾ٵ飬ڣ߾ǿ߼ӹ̣
·
սӲˣȻǾ·
ʱԶʮֱӲͬǶȳͬʱ߾ǿߵɽһѹϡ
ǧһ˿ɫԭǧɱɱԼԺҲΪ˻Ҳű𣬿ɣȥԼ顣ڣпʵһ뽭ûͷ·
Ȼ֪ܣǧջûԴУȻ߾ǿߵѹ£ذǧأȻܹӶٶȴǱԼԭ˲֪ٱ
ͣ
ɲǼ䣬ǧֱӱûͬʱһֻͻȻڳȻû˹֮С
Ȼʱɫһ䣬Ԫȴֳǰһ̽һֶֻԶǧյλץ˹ȥ
䣡
һɿֲͻȻǧյλϯֺ󣬳߾ǿߵƶʱݻ٣ЩǧյĹҲ֮±ɢͬʱһذͻȻ˳УȻԪϵִֻ˹ȥ
䣡
ǱذֱӻΪޣʱһȭӡ˳УǵȭӡֱӺԪֻ֡
䣡
ײжʱһΧĿռǾһȻѿ
ԪңǺǡҶѾǧɱڣѾȰǻǻȥǸԵļţûȥ󣬰ǰĶʬ塣
һɳƵڳ쳹ܿ죬һۣͷߵӳ˵УֻǾһƳΪֱӴǧûǰĿռ䡣
ԪϵɫѿȻû뵽ǧɱѾҶһҶԸǡǧɱɲֹ߾ɱ֣ǻʥɱ֣Щɱֶûʲô̫вǣЩûﵽߵвɾʹˣ
׷𣿡ҹԪϡ
Ԫɫб䣬һĪĺ⡣Ĭãɨһ۳ˣȻҶ˾ԲܻҲûкͽĿܣ⣬Ӧöûɣ
˵˵ͷʾû顣ҶھѾܹвﵽ߻ߣǻˣҶ֮䣬ѾһҶԸͽ⣬ҲǲԸģΪһͽ⣬ҶضٳɳһɳȻǳԼˡ
ԣҶܻ
˵ͷԪֵȻҶûͺðˡҲˣǧɱѾҶʱҶ£ǣǧɱȴʵʵڶвԣҾȲǧɱȻڽҶǾأ
ȲҶҹʡ
ԪϳȽǧɱ󡣡ҶȻǣڵԪһûвǧɱһʯر𻹶ɱ֣ȫԪҡڼ롣
޳ɣ
ʱһߵҶҲֻһˣֻҪǧɱҪʲô¡ΪɱǧɱһЩɱֳǻʧܲأ
Ԫϵ˵ͷҶвԺǧɱвڣǱȽĿǰвҶǧɱ˵ѾȥãǾ׽ȥ޻أҲ˳㽫һˡ
£Ԫһӣ򣡡
˵˵ͷԪʧ˳С

ʮ֮һյϣǧڵϣƣйǰλãһ֧ɫ֮⣬طҲˡ
ҶߣǧյǰȻ˻֣Ц˵õĲȴּˣǲǺ⣿ǲǺܾϲǲǺ˷ܣǲǺܼ


1273 ôģûɣ
ʵ֮ǰǧգҶԥģΪ£һ˾ȲԼܴȥ߾ǿߣһϹＶݣڵʵ޷⡣
ѡȣ֮ѡðվǧգԭ򣬵һ˵ĵ˾ѣЩ˲ŹǧգǧյǵˣǶ룬ǾǧйͬĵˣйͬĵˣȻлܹˡ
ڶԭǾЩ˵עЩ׷ţԷ׷Ҳûʱ飬ڱʱ䴭ԣ뽫Щ˵עתƣתƵȥأȻתƵǧɱϣ
Ҫ֪Щ˲֪ǧɱѾ䣬ԣǧɱЩ˵в
ɹˡ
УǧҶû˵Ȼ˵Ϊûʲô˵ġҶڡ֮ǰҶֱʱ˵Ҳּˣ淽ʽ֮ʱǧиӵĺܡ
Ҷһǧգò˵ǧĺܺãϴʱִйƬ¶ڿ֮Уرǰһ֣ʵǺӾ
ûŮˣҶԼǧɫһ䣬
ҶһǧգЦǧ·㲻ɣ
ԣǧ˫΢Уɱ֣΢΢һһذ׳УʱҶȴѹϣЦǧ˵ĺأûǱȻģϾûôǿ
ֱҶסǧյֶʱãҶ֪ԼûзǷһĨҽڣ˵·ǿҶûѡ񣬲𣿡
ҶǧգЦҿɾˣԼͬģ
ǧҶû˵
ҶûйǧգĿǧյǰò˵ǧյ˻Ǻصģرǰ֧ʱжڲɢ΢ƻǧյ壬ǰԼ඼ĴָѪѪѾ壡
֮ʱǧȫҲˣȻ֮ǰ˿ɾͲԶˡ
Ȼ߾ǿҲˣǣǵÿʲôˣͬ׵߾ǿ߻ˣǿɲܹ޸ġ
ҶĿǧǰ֧ϣλøպǧһص룬Ϊǧյ̫ԵʣóǱסһ㡣
Ҷס֧ⶫ̫ˣҵðεûɣ
ǧû˵Ҷ·ҪɱҶ
˵Ĭϣ
Ҷ£΢΢
ͣ
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ҶеĳһԣȻǧգҪ·ˣûɣ
ҪѾѣϻʲôǧŭ
Ҷַǧյǰ·ϣҿ˰
ѣѣǧյҶúģϸŮôĥߴ𣿡
ҶȻû뵽ǧô΢΢һعѿڶҵȻˣ
ˣ
ǧǼĥߴʲô㡭
ͣ
ʱҶͻȻָǧǰһǧǰ·ʱм˿·пһ˶ǵ˳һһΪ׳ۡ
Ҷǧգʼ磬˰ɣ
ǧҶȴǳƽܿ죬˫ۻһξڲģ
Ȼƽ˾ڵѪҺԼﶼȻϸ΢ı仯
ʱһһȥȥһᣬǧüΪҶûж۾ʱҶҲڿҶָָǰ̫ˣ˿ڡ
ǧմҶĻ˲ϲôģһûɣˡ
ҶһǧգЦ˵ȻҾͲˡ
˵ţָǧϡ
ᣬ
ҶʱĸоҶ΢΢ĵ˶ƣȻָǧյǰмǵ˿ϣȻָ͸ûǧյڡ
ǧֽգ˫۽գȴĳһ̵٣ڣѪҺʣԼһ̶궯ֻҪҶڣаٷ֮ٵİմҶһ
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ǧü۾ʱҶڶǰҶкƽûаڵǹǴҶϴȥġ
ǧ˺һᣬŵ㣬·Ϊ˸ˣ
ҶһǧգȻΪأ˵⣬Ҷ۾ͻȻ󣬡㣬ˣ㲻ΪҪǸɶɣ˼̫ˣȻְ뷨ңұ㣡
ҶҪɱ㣡
һŭҰڳ쳹֮лһ˿߷ߡ
ãлָƽ
޸ǧԭ԰׵ɫѾʼڱشҲѸٻָš
ʲôǧʣ˿ûΪԼʱаɬ벻ʡ
ʵҲƹˤˣˣ±
ܣҶ
ǧտһҶĬãֵΪʲôҪң
ҶֻǧոһѪ֮ϣȻѪλӿ˽ȥǣȴûջˡ
Ҷǧ˵ĵ˾ѣڣйͬĵˣԣҾӦúأ
ҲأǧֱҶ
ҶͲɣܲɱɣ
Ļǧʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ǺãҲǧյֻҪҲҡ
ҶһǧգĬãȻ˵ͷɣ˵ֻǧѪϡ
ǧտһҶû˵
˲һӣҶջ֣뵽ʲôҲ˻Ȼóһ۸ǧϣǧڵ˻Ѿûд󰭣һҪǣ
ܹ𣿡ǧտҶʡ
Ҷǧգǧȷʵõİǣ˵ûҾͻ𣿡
˵꣬Ҷתһֱʧʡ
ϢҶͻȻͣתȥǧնʱǰ
һ⣡ǧյ
˵Ҷ
ʵˣҪ·ģ԰ɣǧֱҶ
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1274 Ҿǹģ
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Ҷ㵵׷
ǣǧյ
ҶͻȻŭǧڻҵƷֳ֮Σ֡
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Ҷ
ǧߵҶǰ˾е˴˵ĺܹŵֱҶ˫ۣȻҿȻѵҳ𣿡
Ҷ룬Ȼ谭ýڣΪ˸Ļָԡ
ǲ·Ҳڣ˼𣿡ǧʡ
ҶǧհΣȻðɣǹġȷʵǹģ֮ôûʲô뷨Ҫһ¶ԷŮ֮ǰĺܣ˷˿ԣȴ̫֮ǰһĻ
˵֮Ҷ䱸ŮǸƢ֪׼Ҫ֡
ǧտҶãȻһˣ
ǧûҪֵ˼ҶЩ⣬ȴȥЩˡµǧһҪˡ
˵꣬ҶתߣһᣬͣΪǧո
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ǧյǸ覴ñرˣǼϲɱң˳ܲҿֻʱģֽЩϲģҵġ
ԣҶ㶣ȻϲҪ֪ȱľǰ֣ر߾ǿߣǧյİʵȻǲЩˣȴС˽֮Ĳࡣ
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Ҷ۾һЩ˷ܵ˵ǿԳƿǧɱ󣿡
ǧյ˵ͷҪϣ
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ԣҶü֮ǰðǧɱܹ֮ƭЩˣҪԭӦЩҲٽӴǧɱǧɱðǧɱпܻᱻ𴩡
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ˣԪϵˡ


1275 ǽޣ

Ҷǧն벻ףΪʲôЩ˻
ǲǺ⣿
ԶԪܣ鲼Ԫߣκ˳ȥǽԪҶָơǧɱϷĲףҶŵʲôôõ㲻ϧΪҲҪ
ԪϵĻҶΪԷûʶݣǽǧɱҶûأǧմӿռ֮˳
Ҷǧգ˽ɫ䱸ٴУԪжŽ䱸֮ɫǧɱûм˸ӣӦ˵½û˸ӡ
ҶɨһԪϵˣȻһ޷ܾջ󣡡˻ƣһһȻҶΪ֮
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㲻ĻԪϵ
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Ҷͻ߾ﵽ߲εľ磬˵ǧɱǳ˶ᶯģˣ˶ᶯģ
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ȻУǣǧɱˡǧɱǴȻǣҲ˵ҶҲС
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˵꣬һӣ֣
ΧЩ֮ǰЩʱǰΧЩ˶ԲͬţǲԪҵ֮ΪйͬĵˡЩб뷨ǶԪǼΪġ
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1276 㣬̫Ѫ
侲侲
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ΪʲôҶ⡣
ǧյɽǿػҲػߣ֪ػ𣿡
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Ҷ˰֣ǧյĻһ䣬лԸҽˣԪЩǻǲģ𣿻Уǧɱûлɱ𣿡
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Ҷֵˣױ׼ԼģȴҪñˣǿɳܵġУ˵廹壬ҶһͬʡԸѣҲԸѡҪɱңһɱҪɱңһɱˡʲôΪ²Լν壬ǸûС
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һĻҶаͷѵصɱ֣ȥΪʲôֻڽˣȻû˻ᷴǿ϶˳ǡҲû취飬˸ոճȻǧɱмɡ
Ҷɨ˳һۣȻӴ˿ǣԼΪǧɱĵˡǼȥռѶϢʱ̹עЩĶرԪңصԴ𣿡
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˴󾪡


1277 Ƿˣ
ǧҲһĨ𾪣Ȼû뵽ˮžȻ߾ǿߣ
ҶҲЩȣȴǺƽµ˵ͷѵãȻﵽߣֻǣﵽߣܹԿң
ˮЦһЦ֪ǰѾﵽߣһڸİ´ﵽߡڣҴﵽȴǺ⣬㻹˵㲻Ǽðģ
ҶȴҡҡͷûﵽߡʱȻǲܳϣȻƿǧɱҪˡ
ԣܳԼǼٵģ
𣿡
ˮЦЦ˵ʱһԵǧͻȻˮţǲǾҲǼٵģ
ǧȻǼٵģ
ˮŵֻǣҺܲףǧһðΪĪǣǧҪƿǧɱ󣿡

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ҶҡҡͷȻɱˣ
ҶĻǧվҪ֣ԱʮһλҲ֣ȻʱˮźȻ֪Ϊʲô֪㲻ǧɱΪǸŮˣ˵ϵϢ·ƣϸ΢ĶҶϤޱȣ
ˮŵĻԱʮһλʱ֣ͣȻҶ
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Ҷ㣬һԵˮǶʱһĨЦôᰡҲǣϣмܹռ䷨ء
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㻹ǲңҶ˫΢һɱ⡣
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1278 
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ҶǧãȻԭΪ֮ԺΪйͬĵˣڿҴˡ㣬ʵû취ȥˡ
ԣɱң𣿡
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1279 ã
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ҪĿľưĸܵܣŵԷġңҲֻоȳưĸܵܣܹĴڽˡԪ࣬ǷǳصġһķչҪǿߣǣҲҪй˲š
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1280 սߣ
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ڽ뽣ֵһ˲һҲˡ⻮Уһ˫۶ʱԲ
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Ҷ˫΢УһѪ֣ȻתһƿնǰĿռ˺ѳһ޴ӡ
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Ҷɫһٴʩչ
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ҶɫЩѿˣȥ϶Ҫ׷ϵģΪ߾ǿߣңһ֪ͨ˱߾ǿߣҲ˵ʱ϶߾ǿ߳߸
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Զߵڳ֮дһ˿˷ܡܹҶǾ͵ڽһĸ󻼡Ҷ츳ʵǿܵģɳʱЩΧɱҶ˵һѡ
ʱûκһһֵܹɳҶҪ֪ɳĽ޼жôĿֲ
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ˣӡͷϣӡֺĽ⿪ʼǿ
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ŮӣҶֱסˡ


1281 һСŮ
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ʱԪϰ˰֣˵Щ塣˵ţһԵ飬ҶƼңΪ˾ˣ
˵ͷӦǡ
ԪϳĬãȻҶӵпռ䷨ȻӦǧɱģҲ˵ǧɱѾ뽣֣㣬ѾӹɡϷǾ仰ҶвԺ󣬶ǧɱǵвȴڣԣҾȽǧɱ֯ûǧɱڰҶҪҶ˵ʲô̫⡣ǣȥɱҶǧɱ϶Ǽ֣Щϼһﲻûܹ赲Ⱥɱ֡
Ա·𣿡߳óһȥ½ɱҶʣµԸǧɱ󡣡
ף
ԪҡҡͷҶӵʵҲˣ߿¶ɱ˵ҪɱǧɱʵӦҲڲ֪ԭûзˣһǷˣ߸赲ǡԣɢܲǡ
ԪԼǣ
һ߾ߵ˵ͷͬҶǧɱ󣬶򵥣ӦȼǧɱȻԸҶɢԪԣɱҪɱ
ԣ˵˵ͷʾͬ
û飬Ԫϵȫǧɱȡ̵ʱڽ˵

ʮ֮⣬һռ΢΢һţռ·һлһ㣬¶һѷ졣ѷ֣϶Ҷ˳
϶
Ҷץס϶С֣䱧˻ɳˡ
Ҷס϶С΢΢һ죬ǵҶĻ΢΢һȻ˫ֻסҶ
˶û˵ӵš
ǧһ֮С
ʱһ׹ͻȻڳţС׳Ҷϣ϶ҶСգգۣȻ϶ļϣԴ϶գһᣬַɵҶϣȻҶա
Ҷɿ϶˿һСףȻһЦ
СȻϲ϶ļϣȻһ϶ա϶С׵Դһ˿ϲչʱ䣬һֱСˣСףҲ˸顣
϶СףҶ΢΢һЦ־Ҫ϶ԴȻ϶ȴǱܿҶ֣ȻһۣѾˡ
ҶһͣڿУЩӲĸӿһɸӵЩȻЦЦȻջ֣ǰˡˡ

϶һҶȻסҶ֣ҳˣҲ϶ֻǣ㲻ڰҵСӶԴˣСײСӣ𣿡
϶϶
Ҷһ֮ǰΪ϶ˣڿˡ
Ҷס϶֣϶Ѿǵߣ
϶˵ͷ
϶ͷҶһ㣬ȻֱӴﵽ˵۽ף⡭̫ˡ˵󿴣ЦѡҪ֪϶ڱչڼ䣬ʥװһ¾ͻƵ˵۽ףڻֻǰۣȷʵеˡ
϶ָָҶĸǸԵʣܾȱԴҪԲܹô̵ʱڴﵽ۽ס
Ҷ˵ͷʵҲµˡ϶֮ԸΪԵʣң϶϶ĽٶҲļ졣ʵԼٶҲܿ졣һˣﵽߣҪ꣬࣬츳õģҲҪʮ꣬ﵽֻۣ˲ʮʱ䣡
˵ܹô̵ʱʹﵽۣû
ջ˼Ҷס϶֣ЦЦߡưԪĸѾͳûκ塣ڶ˵֮ǻȥչˣԼʵ
ʱ϶ü΢ͻȻһӣһӣΧĿռͻȻһţһŮӳҶ˲Զ
ŮӣҶüͷһ壬ΪŮǧա
ǧĿ϶ϣ֮ɫ㣬㣬ôģ֮ǰռ֮УȻǰСŮһӣֱӱˡԣֱӱΧĿռӲģ
϶ûлشǧգǿҶ
ǧգ£Ҷ
ҶĻǧĿ϶תҶϣҶԪҵǧɱ֣ǧɱѾ
Ҷ˰֣ǧյĻǧ˵ЩһϵûС
˵꣬Ҷ϶ߡ


1282 ֱˣ
Ҷߵûаɡ
ǧɱ˵ƿȻãΪһûҲû£Ҷϣڱϡ
ڸǧǶ˵˫Ҫ̹ϣǧԲһеǧɱƢʱ˵»ҪǧɱһŪǸزڴҷֵ𣬸߸·
ʱǧͻȻҶǰôûйϵǧɱԪҵ׷ɱɶΪԵʡٰǧɱԪҵôǧɱԣ㡭
ڸЦ𣿡
ҶֱӴǧյĻΪҵԵʣǿЦǧգŪһ㣬ǧɱ׷ɱңУǧɱ˭ɱģɱģɱģԼǧɱͽ˵ҺǧɱأأУҺǧɱҲǧɱá˵ģûɱ㣬ûжǧɱ֣御ˡ
˵⣬ҶЦһǧ˵ģҪ߽ǧɱǼֻҪ֪ǵĸ˭ϣ룬ǧɱ϶߽⡣𣿻У֮ѡ뿪ΪϾȹңڣȻ޷ȴйͬĵˣԣҾǧɱ֮䣬ǵˣٴս
ǧճĬãȻȻɱǧɱҶǧɱûк⡣
йϵҶ
ǧյڸжΪǸֻ
ԭΪ
Ҷ򵥣ڻȥǣǧɱ㣬˵˵ģǲţҸǴǡСæһǲġ
ģ̌ͷҶǵֵסţԣǧɱͶ
вң
Ҷ˫΢С
ֻ˵һʵǧյ
ҶЦһûϵǧɱֻҪͶϹǧɱϢҸǧɱ˭ɱ
бҪôǧճ

ҶЦЦǧգǺܸЦǧɱͶţҲҵĵˣԴˣѵҪʴҸ㣬Ϊڸ㿪ЦֻҪǧɱͶǧɱϢǧ룬һȥͶģϾû˭뱻ɱ׷ɱģ𣿡
Ҳᱻ׷ɱǧյ
𣿡Ҷ
֮䣬ûбҪƣ𣿡ǧյ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ĺܶԣ֮䣬ȷʵûбҪơԣڣǵģҵģҾˮˮ
˵꣬Ҷ϶Զȥܿ죬ͣΪǧֵǰ
ǰһ㻹ǧɱǧյͶԪҵǧɱôҶԻ˵ǧɱ飬ɱǧɱعʱǧɱ϶ҡᱻ׷ɱǧɱ󣬿ɲֹһλߡ
ңǧɱڲЩҲһͶһ֪ǧɱ˿϶뿪ǧɱ¯ߣΪǧɱλãŪһ֮ĸԸ⿴ġ

ҶǷһĨǧǸûȤ֮λ˭˭ȥ
㾿ôǧճ
Ҷôǧգôƿǧɱ󣬶ȴǴңңãԣҰǧɱ󻹸㡣ڣǧɱѣֹңǧգ㵱ﰡ֮֮ȥ
ãҵǸвУ
ǧյΪ֮ǰµǸ֮ǰҲԣҲû㣬㣬ҡ
Ҷ˰֣˵ЩϻˡҪһȥǸԣһӽԺ˵ʲôʲôҲϣ㷴ҵߣ˳ǧɱ󣬲Ӧòѡ˳ûϵڣѾԸԸ⣬һ𸴡
ǧһҪôͱ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷǧ֮ǰҶܿ㵱ԼˣϧҵĿ䳰ȷڣҾʽ㡣ӦǼȻÿǵ·
ǧɱһ㽣ˣǧյ
ҵ飬ġҶ
ǧճĬʱҶֵʵҪƿǧɱ󣬶˵ܼ򵥣ɱҾܹƿǧɱ󡣵ǣ֮ǰԣûиң²ȥǣҴǧɱͶԪҵңңҲ˿
˵⣬ҶֵУǧɱԪҵܾˣҪô鷳ֻҪҲǧɱ飬ƴɱͿˡ
֮ǰΪʲôͣǧյ
ͣ
ҶЦһһ𣿾ͣ𣿾ˣ´أ´أ˵ģǧҸ˾ãǧɱ󻹸㣬ҶãҲˣƢãҲ̹ϺŪ󣬱˵»Ūһ
˵꣬Ҷ϶Խǧճǰȥ
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ʱҶǧյԺǧɱڣĸ˵ʲôʲô˰ɣ
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ҶջĿ⣬϶϶΢΢ͷһӣܿ죬˼С׶ʱʧԭء
ҶȻҪ½Ϊ֮ǰƼҹװ˵ؼǿǰ½һˣԷ϶ߣȻĩճϺڣƽЩġ
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֮ǰ˵Ѿǧɱ𣿡Ҷʡ
ǡ
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˭ȻǹԼʵ֮ǰҲҷʡҶǷʲôȹҶҶҲȹ֮䣬˭ҲǷ˭ȴǾʢˡ䳰ȷرϲҶ뷨Ϊָָ㡭
֮ദҪ໥أҪһȣûаպȣˡ
½ĩճǡ
һӳĩճǵϿա
ߣ
·ĩճǣߵֱˣ
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Ц
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ԥ£Ȼ˵ͷóһŴ顣

ĳԪǰĿռͻȻһ£κԪҡҡͷɵƣ


1283 ̤ƽǣ
Ԫû˵ʲô˵ХҲʲô¡Ϊ֮УؼҾؼҪȡԪңΪһң򣬲ʲôܡ֮ǰһֱûжؼҳ֣ȻΪ˲ܾˣңҲҾԪΨҶ𣬲ľ
ܹҶֳؼߣպ򣬾ûܹԪҿ⣬ʧȥߵؼңеԪҵ

ԪЦһʧԭء

ĩճǡ
УХһһɿֲѹʱӿǿѹõĩճǶΪ֮
ĩճ֮У̧ͷʣǾ֮ɫ
߾ǿߣ
Уһɧ
򶨣˾ְκ˵ҳҷɱۣ
ʱһڳжȻ
ҹƣ
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˵ҹڳеҶ
ҹƴһ߳˽˿УǽˣǵߡХʱɫʱһ
ߣ
ڲȱߣһߣ֣ĩճǵ󷨣ҪԿһߣѵǺܴ󣬵ǣ߾Ͳĩճڵĵܹˡ
ҹҲû뵽ȻߣЩȣȴƽޱȡĿԶΪ׵Хϣ򣿡
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ʱ˿Ȼˡ
Գ
ޣ
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ƳһӡֶײǺԳȭͷϡ
䣡
Хȭӡ飬ԳٶȲ˳ХȥȻٴһȭХ˹ȥ
ХһĨ˫΢΢һһɿֲƶʱڱӿ
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Х£˻һ⳯źԳ˹ȥ
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һҲţ
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ûҶôչܴﵽʯ

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ԶӵĻХɫһãȻôĻ򣬵ǣʱҲҪˣѾûпܡȥп䣡
뵽⣬Хûԥµ
Х£ӵ˵ͷҪˣͻһͻȻԵĿռ˳ʱɫȻ䣬ëһ̽ΣıõҪȻʱһɿֲͻȻѹϣõ΢΢һ١
һ٣ǵֱü伤
彩ӲҶ
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£һѪʱü伤Ҷһӣֱӽʬ

Զڼɵһ̣ХĿѣʱĿռͻȻ䶯һ£ţһذֱӲĺ󾱡
Хɫ䣬û뵽ˣӦһڹؼʱ̣˳ԱƣպöһȻͣ£һѾǰͬʱһɽֱѹϡ
Х󺧣æͷųԼ߾ǿߵԿ⽣⣬ǣƸճ֣һ߾ѹϣһ߾ǿ뽣ͬʱѹϣʱƸѹڡ
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˵ĿⶼҶϣڿҶʱĩճǶʱڡ



ĩճУź𵴾
ĳҹƿҶһĨЦ⣬һ̣еʯͷȥ
ʣ·ĩճǣҶ΢΢˵ͷȻ΢΢һѹ
ʱĩճǰš
˲ҽˣҽ˲ˣҽˣҽ˱֮˿ҽʽսҪ̤ƽǣ
Ҷĩճ


1284 ڣͲң
ս
˶ս
ҶͻȻôȻǳ嶯֮٣ѾԽ˳֣Ҳ˵֮䣬ѾսˡǣʱĽ˶صȴ֪֮٣˻֪ǿС
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Ҷڣ˵Ļڣ˵ľ۵ġ
һԣĩճЩеĿȣǧճĬû뵽ҶЩеȻ˵ĸߡʵҲ֪Ҷɳ½ûֹܹҶǣԪҵҶɳ
Ȼᣡ
ǽԪҵ
ĩճǣ֮С
ֻҶ϶ǧգԼҹƣСסҶλŵ϶϶СסǧҶұվţҹ·
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һԣǧ˫΢Уһ˿𾪣һֲ֣ΪԪҶûô߾ǿߡ
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ΪʲôֱӸԴǴﵽߣʱǧͻȻʡһȻûвǣһأ
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ԳҡҡͷԤϵĹȻû㣬϶᲻ð
Ҷ
Գ˰֣˲磡
˵꣬ԳҡҡͷȻ˳ȥ
Ҷ
Ҷҳ
ʱͻȻһŭ
Ҷüͷһ壬˭ô󵨣Ȼ


1285 ֮У
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㣡
߳ԶǴһҶȥʱһǣ
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ԭˣ
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ҶֱԲ䣬ٶҪﵽ۽ףӵԽսȻһὫԶԶ˦ңǽ𣬽ҪѣûǿʵǶ
ԣɫȻ֪ҶŻǣ֮ǰҶϻصǶȻǶǿǶ߾ǿߣȻûʤ㡣
ҶװˣԴҲУڣͿԼˡ
ʮˣֻжʮǵߣ඼ǰۣ޾ģֻˣʵϵߣȻѹرڣ˶е۽׵ĽнԼһ߸ǵĶ֡ߣ˼ҺѹϣЩܹжԿ߾ǿߵʵ
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ԣǧæͷãھߣǧɱĴɲҪҶȥִ֣ȻԽԽ
ڽһҹһЩҶ϶С׸ǧ̻
ջصǧɫʱһ䣬ãĳǳˣ


1286 Сף
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ǧյ˵ͷǴ󲿷ѾӳгǻһЩ˱УΪĳѾԪҵ˷
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ҶĬ֮ǰһ߿ĩճǣȻΪԷһڣֻһ߿ܣǧҲߡûκʤ㣬Ϊһǳǵ߱ضӵ
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ҶĬţǧĿһֱϣȴľƾһˣȲǧɱˡҶһ˿ܣǣҶΪǧɱ˶ȥð
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ĬƬ̣һԵҹ˵ͷԪԼǣǿ߷ɢᱻһһƣǧɱҶܶԸλǲ븶ĴۣǾͲܱȫԸһνɱ
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ܿ죬˽Ǳʾͬ˶ɵȻ֪Ԫҹ˵ģǧɱҶȷʵ֣ǣЩɱ֣ǲ潻֣רһ͵Ϯ֣Ǽµġ
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1287 ɱɱɱ
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ǧճ϶ȥʱ϶Ҳڿ
ҶƢû˱϶ˡǰҶļ⣬κˣһԲϾɱʱҶѾǼ򵥵ƫеħô꣬ҶȻǰƢΪ˴ȴǸı䲻٣ʱȸ˽Һܶʱóɱķʽ顣
ǣﻹǷħġһĵߣǲʲôġ
ʵԣǽԸûʵԣǽ
ҶԣŬԼǿΪֻӵǿʵܹƾ¡Ȼ㣬̵ֻ̣̣̣Է۸Ϊֹ
һʱƽ˾ܶʱ򣬲ġܶʱһ˽ʮԶ۸Խʹ۸ʲôΪ룬ΪԺ룬ܶʱ򣬶ΪԼҽڰˡ
϶ĻǧճĬһʼҶʱȷʵƽ׽ˣʱҶĸоûʲôƢе޳ܡǽӴ֣ûƢƢĺܡ޳ܡ޳ܵʱ򣬲µġ
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ʱһԵҶҽ͵һգ˻һⱩٶȼ죬˲ߵǰ
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1288 ɽң
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Ԫŭһɿֲ˲䱩ӿƳֺ󣬷ԲǧɵĿռ䶼Ϊ֮Ҽ
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ʱһ˳ԪϵǰȻһƶԪ˹ȥ

ԪһתȻһĳƳ·ضΪ֮Զĺֱӱǧ֮⡣
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˺˵һ̣Ԫɫʱ䣬תͷһԵԪ

һҽڳͻأԪϾĿ֮УһԪü䣬ͬʱԪֱذס

ԪĿѣ˫ȻҶ˸վһơ
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ʱһϹڳһţǱıĿռ˲临ԭȻռ䱻ԭߵͷųĿֲȴûʧǹֱӽҶǧ֮⣬²Žǹݻ١
ȻҶǶһĨѪ
ɫأǶû뵽ԪϵʵȻ˿ֲҶȻ֪Ԫϵʵǿû뵽ôǿǰߵʵһ㶼ϵǰ򼡣ߵĿֲʵõҶЩң֮ǰľûд
֮ǰԭΧɱԪϣڿּ͵ϮҲ޷һɱԪϡһ޷ڵһʱɱԪϣǵԪԪ֣ʱ˵ԪϣԪǶ޷ɱ
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ԶԪ͵ϮԪңе˶ԪңȻ˶ʱȴ͵Ϯҵļ壬ǻȥɱһǹüı˶˵ҶıãԶΪһǺǣҪǴЩϼһ磡
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Ԫɨһܣ˵ɱ־ܣһ˲˫ͻȻֶ̧ΧĿռΪ֮ŤǺܿ죬Щռ˲ָԪһȻСŮڳ֡
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ѹԪϣԪΪ֮һʱҶĽѾü䣬ǣҪԪüһ̣ԪϵԴͻȻһƫֱӶһͬʱһŭȻڳ𣺡ƣ
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ԪһҪ֣ʱҶĽȴٴһƫ˳·Ȼһб

һԪеֱԪֶϿ׷˳ȥԪһһ̣ҶȴѾ˳Ƴǰ̶ٶȼ졣ʱѾ޷Ϊ̫Ҷٶ̫죡
Ԫɫ䣬ָһ䣬ƳצȻҶĽֱץ˹ȥʱҶĽȴͻȻͣצҪץһ˲ҶĽͻȻˡһбֱ̣ӴԪСĴָ֮ϣ
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ͣ
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䣡
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֮ǰΪԣİֻƶûˡ
ó
һ˲䣬Ԫϱ˾Ҷ˴սпܻ䡣ΪҶʵ٣ڼŮɱֺҶߵʵѾȫսõĽҲ޷һ˵汳
Ȼھ
ͨԪһתȻǰһĳƳһӡֶҶĽһ𣬵ǣӡûֹܹҶֱӱҶһȥԪһʱȥ
ӣ
ҶǷһĨ΢ʣһ˴Ԫֱײ˹ȥȻ߿ܣ֮ǰû֣ܳΪ˷ֹԪߡ
ʣ߾ܳԪ˫΢УһĨɫһ̣͵һƳȥ
䣡
߿ֱӱ˽ɣʱҶȴѾԪϵǰѪֱԪü䡣ͬʱذ׷ֱԪϵĺ֮⣬Ҷǧջˮŵ߾ǿƷֱѹԪϵϡ
ҲûţԪϿյĿռͻȻȻԪѹȥ
ĹѹԪϣԪϵֱһ䣬ȫһž
ɱ
ʱһֻͻȻʵĿռ˳һץԪֱӱ˳Ҷ˵һֱա
Ҷɫ˲̧ͷȥʣһŮӡ
ʱŮĿҲϣȻóһöƣɽң

Ҷ£һֱŮӡ


1289 ս
Ҷ֣Ůʱ
Ůֳǰһ̽ȻһץԶĿռʱ˺ѿһֻ־ҪȻʱǱ˺ѿĿռͻȻһȻŮӾ㵵Ŀֱ֮ӻָԭ״
ôܡ
Ůһ˿ɻȻɻ󣬵ֿûţһӣһɫ˿Ҷǵһ
䣡
һ쳹𣬽ɢŮӵ˿ҲĵɶأŮӽס˿һ̣̺ǿֱӽŮӳʮ
⣬޾֮ϵĽ⣡
ŮĿҶϣһ˿𾪣㣬㾹Ȼ޾֮ϵĽ⣡
ҶȴûԷϻҪٴγ֣ʱǧˮȴֹ
ҵˣɽǸңǧճ
ǲУˮҲ
Ҷһ۱ŮԵԪϣɱɲеĽڲϾҲͲһ㣬ŮͻȻĳ֣ԪѾĽˡڣҪɱԪϣѣǳѣ
Ϊһκ󣬶Է϶ǲһ߾ǿߣرԪǿߣһӵĻ˵ߣ߶û취Էһ䲻⡣ڣԪϿ϶ޱȵĽ䱸Ҫ֮ǰֻᣬˡ
ڣҪСĵĲԪϣǣ
ҶӣǧƤһæһԳֵȻȰȰǳ֣ضңҵʵǱԪһҪǿ࣬ңǼΪأǶһ֪һԪҵ֣ǧɱ뽣ˣҪ군
ҶҪǷʲôܵģҲ˵ʲôҶġΨһܹҶѵģҲֻ϶ˡ
ǧյĻ϶һۣʲôҶһ
ǧգ
ǧϵǣҶûг嶯ʱҶֵĺƽûɱ⣬еĽҲƽǲ֪ΪΣǧȴǸӲˡ
ʣŮӿһҶ˵أΪΪУУ˫֮ʲôԹǣӴ˿Ƕҷ¡
£
һԣԪ£ɱԪߣԪϰٵߣȴҷ£˵Ц𣿡
ŮһӣͻȻʳһĻĻһ˸ܿ죬һ˹Ļ֮С
һƬԭԭһɽӹĻ֮пԿɽܸߺɽƣɽ·нأɽϣƣãɾڻԭұһ޼ʵɳĮ޾ɳĮʱɳǱԶɳĮϯء
ڻԭ룬һʯھʯϣĸּ֣ɼƽ
ƽ
ǵȱȱͬдġʣŮӵ
Ů£ĻͻȻһֻǻԭұߵʣͻȻһɫ棬һĻβͻʣһһֱ˻ԭǿʯϡ
䣡
ʯȻѣֹ
˶Ůӡ
սŮӳ
ս
гҶ϶⣬ɫһ䣬ɲܵһΪūҪֵģ
ΪͻȻսŮԣԪüʡ
Ů΢΢Ȼԭ֪ǣ鱨֪ͳһ塣˵⣬ŮɫԭеЩ޼ǸΪ£Ȼ໥壬Ȼûвڣͳһ壬屻šһΣӣ
ҵס𣿡ʱԪϺȻ
ŮӿһԪϣȱǺεȵǿ󣬵Ȼ޷壬С壬ԶҪǿ࣬رŽһµ塣
˵꣬һ·ҶѵΣѹͷ໥ɱ彫𡣡
ʱҶЦЦһúƽˣԣֻҪ˶ҳ֣ҾͲԱ˳֡ڣǽˣǧɱҪľʱ䡣ԣܹʱ֣ǶǷǳġ
ҶĻŮӿһҶȻתͷһԵԪϡԪ˫΢УɫȻ֣ͣҶģһʱҶɳʱǺ룡
ϢԪϳҪǶȥɽæԿ壬ԣǣ˱
вңŮ˫΢УɫЩ䡣
ԪƤһˡ
ŮӰ˰֣ԪϵĻֻܴԪңĳǡҿȷĸ㣬ڲڶ˭ڶҵһɱ˵Ԫڵʵ۷ʱڵԪңҲɱ󣡡
ԪɫɽҶǵ˵һգжǿû֪Ǻʣ϶ԪԪңָĿ۷ʱڵԪңڣԪҾһߡ
ԪܹĳǣܹҶԿڣĳǻ𣿾ǣǧɱҶ֡
ܿ죬ԪϱԼڵĴ
Ůӵע£ԪϵΪأ
ԣŮ΢΢ͷջĿ⣬Ȼɨһ۳ˣλ֪֮˽˶Թܻ⣬ǣϣλףɽ幥ƣûȻ赲壬һ·£ʱ彫½׵ʧŽŽǰûκεʤ㣡
˵ķǳԣ
ʱҶͻȻֻǣҲԵˣǺģһģô죿
Ůӵģκ˵ҵĵˣҲĵˡ
ҶЦЦģֻҪЩŲǧɱ֣ǲǳֵģϾһúƽˡ
ŮӿһҶ㲻һúƽˣ
Ҷ
ŮûڹҶɨһ۳УҵѾǰǣʱǵǿ߶Ѿڸ·ϡ˵ţĿҶϣǧɱܣ
Ҷ˵ͷǣ
Ů΢΢ͷڣ㴫ǧɱڷǴﵽߵǿȫֻҪǵ߶
ȥвУҶ
Ů˫΢У֪˶˽ģǣɽʧأ磬ǧɱܹսһܣĽ־Ǳ塣ûܹ⣡
ҶĬãȻֻҪߣҪۣ
Ůӵ˵ͷʵȥֻν
Ҷ˵ͷ̫ˣҲȥˡ
ʲô˼Ůü΢ɫЩơ
Ҷ̯̯֣ҲŰ۰
Ůӣ


1290 ܴ½
ҶĻ˽һ飬ŮҲ۽΢ۣҶȷʵǰۣǣ˭ҽԴ
û˸ң
һܹ԰۾ʵնİۣ
޳ܣʱһԵԪͻȻ
ҶûйԪϣǿŮӣ˵ģ£ȥġ
Ůӳ㲻ͬ
Ҷѵǰ𣿡
ŮӵʵѾߡ
Ҷ̯̯֣һǰۣ
ŮӿҶҶʾԷӡΣŮӵ㾿ʲô
Ҷ½˲ȥȥȻսܹý˵˳ɳǣĽ˵ھȥɽΪһ㶼ϤʵϤҸϤ˵򵥵ǣ֮ټǿȥɽΪЩȥڻҡ
֮Ĳޣý˵ȥðա
ǧɱǧɱĶɱ֣óӶݣֻҪԾҪ뿪׵Ķࡣ
ҶȻס֮ѡ仰ǣס֮Ĳޡ仰
Ц
ԪЦһƾʲôǵ˶ȥǰƴУȴں֣ƾʲô
ƾʲôŮӿҶ
ҶЦһȣһ䣬ȱΪҪ磿
Ůӵ½ܴ٣ʺ޾סΪָõ֮أǰȱֿٳʵ֤ǰȱǶԵģȻһ߶ûС½Ӧû߰ɣ
ҶʣǵΪβ½˶򣿡
ŮӵʱԴޣֻЩ츳õ˽
Ҷԣ½ĵط𣿡
Ůü΢ʲô˼
ҶЦЦʱ򣬾Ͱ½𣬶ͷʱ򣬾뵽˱ˣҪñ˹ƴǲǲ̫ð
Ůӵɽʧأ򱣲ס½Ҳס
Ҷ½飡
Ůʣܴ½
ܣҶ
ȻܣǸˣѾͳһ½һԣԪЦ
ŮӿҶãҲӦأ
ҶֱŮӣ㲻ӦǺܺãǧɱ󲻻ȥˣҲȥˣǻ˳򣬻ص½ȥ
вңŮɫ䡣
ҪôΪǾ͵вˡҶ
ǣңҪ㽣ǧɱ󣬻㣬׾ٵ飡Ҳв㣬һʵŮӵ
ҶָָŮԵԪϣǰҲô˵ǣҲˣľʣˡ
ԣԪɫʱ
Ҫ𣿡Ůɱ⣬ȻҶˡ
ҶֱŮӣҪҶ֣ӽԺǧɱɱ֣ңԶͬһǣֻҪһ˿ᣬǾͻŪǡûϵʹǧɱ󶼱ˣֻҪҶţҾͻɱȥֱɱеΪֹһᣬ˵أ
ԣŮ˫΢УҶû˵ǳȴһĪĺ⡣
ҶȴηŮӶӣԼµȥ壬ʹ幥ҪԽ˳֣ŽһսҲܱȱûߵڻҵĺá
ȻôеС֮ĶȾ֮ǣǾ仰֮Ĳޡܹ˽ˣҵһͬʣҺ֣ǣ˶˽ģ׻ԼһԴ
ֻ֪ǰŮӶԴЩˣе߸ϵĸо
УҶŮӵâնʱЩ
ǧˮȻҶе̫վҶԣǧպҶڣǧɱеϣЩţҶСûҶȻߣǶЩ˵в
ֻǣҶʵеĵ
ǰǧɱȫ£ûͲҶȫƾϲò˵ܶʱҶȷʵһϸ쵼ߣ
ҶŮӶ˲ʮϢŮӲŵãǧɱȥ½˲ȥ
ƽ
Ů£һԵԪæⲻƽƾʲôǵ˾Ҫȥƴȴã
Ů俴һԪϣøô
ǲȥǾǣԪϳҼǣҪǣָ顣
ͷòãŮӵ
Ԫϣ
Ůӵ½ǿж٣𣿾֪½ûߣһȺȥһԿߵİȥ˭ʣ
ǹƽ𣿡Ԫ
ƽŮӵ磬ûνĹƽ˭ȭͷ˭йƽʵֺγԪԣɱҶˣǣôɱ𣿲ҶȺˣɱ֣ġңܹǧɱɱҶ϶ҲḶһۡ
ƽʱۣǸ𣬵ڣ徭̫ڶ
ҶƫԶƫ֪ʲôѡҡѡսһ˳ѡͣһ֡һǵ˶ѡͣȻЩϾҶ̫ţǣΪأ
ŮӵĻԪɫѿˣֺγ֪ȭͷйƽԭԪߣһڣԪֻʣҲĲ࣬˵ڵԪңûʸ̸ʲôƽƽ
·Ҷǧգ˶
ǧյ˵ͷʼ
һᣬ½½ˣЩ˲ǧɱģǡ
ܿ죬߾ǿ߱ѾжʮڵߣѾнǧңе߾ǿ½½
ܿ죬ҶϤˣּáʱּҲִֶɶҶ΢΢ͷǴкȴֱܵҶǰЦҲˡ
Ҷ˵ͷЦ𣿡
ã
æͷڵңߣҲսϺһء˵ţһʵŮӣȻҲҪȥԿ𣿡
ǰɣҶЦ
۾һ̫ˣǿԲսˡ
㲻ΣգҶɶǺǿģ
Ҹᱣҵģ
һЦңҲᱣҵģ԰ɣ
ҶЦЦ˵ʱһͻȻǰһԵæүү
߶Ҷ˱ȭл¶СӵչϷǧּҼպлᣬ뵽ּ͡
ͷ⣡
ҶЦһ
΢΢˵ͷȻص֮ǰλá
Ҷ̧ͷȥʱгһ߾ǿ⣬߶ڿĿܲƣӦ˵ɱ⣬ҺΣ
ȻЩǶֵǶڵ߾ǿߡ
ɨһЩˣҶǷһĨЦݣҾϲɱңȴ޿κεӡ
ˣ


1291 ʱ䲻࣬һϣ
ҶƣЩɫʱѿмѾͷųԼɱ⣬еѾʼӿеѾԼʱȳ֣˿϶һӵϡ
ҶȴȻ壬Щ߾ǿ߶ӡ
ӵ۵ڣһ˲Ϊ˶ϲ۸۸ˡʾľǵôߵ衣֮ǰ֮ƣȻӷգҪЩˣΪ˶࣬Ҿ£
ҵŮڣǾԴġ
ȻʱŮͻȻҶȺ߾ǿߵм䣬ŮĿҶϣĺ£
Ҷʼ磬ֻǿЦˣôɣ
ŮӿҶʱԼҶǰɽҲһѡ
һˣ
ŮӶҶۣ
ؿһҶŮתͷһԵЩ߾ǿߣλ˴Ϯ¹尲Σλʱ˽˶ԹԴΪء
ԪȻԴΪأֻЩӻڱ
ԪԵһҲҲˣԼȫƾԼϲãǰɽΪǵĶѣˡֱԣϷˣܲģһ裬ǧɱǱⲻǼ裬ԴӵԸȫпܷ飡
߾ǿҲæͷʾͬ
ҶôһһǶǲĵġ
ŮӳĬΣȻתͷҶأ
ҶЦЦӦǣȶҳֵģȶǳֵġ˵⣬ҶЦʧȡ֮Ǳ䣬ĿһһɨʵЩ߾ǿߣҽ½Щҽвǣʹɳ߾ǿǰ·ϮɱңϧǣûгɹȻɳߣϧǣûгɹֱһӵˡڣȴ˵ңǲøЦ𣿡
ԪϵɫҶ˵ȷȳֵģҶˣû˻ںҲû˸ںʷʤдģҲվʤߡҶû
û
Ҷţô֣
ʱԪֶβ̣ĺ߲֣˵ȡ
ˣ
ҶֱӴԪϵĻǷϻˡֻ˵ҶЩ˵жԣұ⣬Լ룬Ǽһ𣬱ҽǿ֪ٱ̫ɱңôȥΪУ
ŮӿһҶֿһԪϵˣȻ֮飬ҲκϡǣǱʱ¶ԹһλҲ뿴κڱСҷ֣Ҳ档
Ҷʼ磬ûڷϻ
ԪϵҲû˵ڳЩһ嶼ûС
У˴Լһʱǵǿ߶ѾϵУУ߾ǿжʮߣвǧȻԭиģǣ֮ǰŵĵ߱ǧɱɱ࣬ҲҶɵ˺üλɱȥʵ֪Ҫˮʲô̶ȡ
Ȼˣ˶ǿߣõҶΪ֮ݡôǿߣػ˶Կˡ
ǣЩ˿ɲͻģ
ߣ
Ůɨһ۳УȻһȥ
ǿһȥ
ߣ
Ҷ£϶Ҳȥ
СĶǵˣҶԣǧպȻ
ҶһԶԪϵˣǷһĨЦȻСЩˣЩ˻Ź϶ᡣһЩ˻ᣬЩ˾ԻɱңֻҪҶһΪҶЩΪ
ǾԲᣡ
ͬģܹһԽЩ߾ǿߣͬΪСΪûмֵˣû˻ȥΪһûмֵ˶ȥŵΪС
ԪϵҲ
ԣһԪϵлᣬضһ
ҪľǲҪЩ˻ᣬȻвҶԸлᣬһЩһ
УŮȻҲһ·üŵġΪһŪãЩ˾ͻɱһܹѸٻһǻãֱ׵˵ǣǵһɱҶʧǿ߾ͻ࣬ǣǲһɱҶ˫ضɱ
ҶȻʵܶ࣬ǣҶߵ˶ɱְ
Ȼ˵ϣԪϵɱҶֻǲϣ˫ɱĳ
ǣֳп֣ܳ
ŮתͷһԶҶȻ΢΢ҡҡͷò˵Ҷ츳õˣʵҲҶܹȫȫԸ壬պضǻŷɥ⣬Ҷ
֪Ϊ͸ҶҶʱӣʱȴֺ侲仰˵һǵķӡǵķӻãµҶһûǵķӡ
ǵķӣûǵķӣãҶɽҲľһ
ȴѾûа취ˣܲҶȥɣҶ϶ǻԸȥԱЩȴǲӦ˶ˣҶȴȥҶͳһ򡭡
ԶҶȻ֪ŮЩʲô˫վڽϣԴĺ󱳡
꣡
Ҷ˫΢գг֡Ů֮ԼȻûǡڣѾȥһ࣬Ҳ˵ʣһҵʱ䡣һʱڣҪȥ硣
ȣ
ǳȣ
Ҷ۾̧ͷʣʣһ㱡ĺ½Ҫࡣ
Ҫ뿪½ͱƿǵؽơ
Լڵʵܹƿ
Ҷͷ˿ԼеĹʣȻ̧ͷʣѣƾڵʵԣҲѣǾ͸аˡ
ֻǣ滹ǽ飬ûҪѵļ
Ҷҡҡͷһ̾Ҷûע⵽ʵһ̣ɢһ˿ĽâݼţˣҶûע⵽
һһɽ˵С
ɽ壬ֱΪ壬壬壬壬ʮС壬ôڿ壬Ҫȥ壬Ϊ赲ĵһϡˣҽࡣǰ棬ŮͻȻ
˵˵ͷʱԶͻȻӳӰӰٶȼ죬գۼǳ˵ǰӰɢȥһŮӳ˵ǰǵߣΪᡣ
̣峤㣬Щһӹ
ң
üȻȥ壬ɵ
Ȼæ
˵ͷȻתͷ˱˱ȭȸǡ˵꣬һʧԭء
ߺǰǶʱһĨЦݣɨһ۳ҶˣȻʱ䲻࣬һĶһϡ
ˣ


1292 ޲һ
ǵһ㶣Ȼû뵽ӻͻȻô˵ǻعɫǱЩѿ
ӣ
һţ
Ҳֲ˼һӣΪʷдţûӮֻǿ߲ܹõأǺŲĵ
ʱҰֵ˫ıԻ꣬ǣȻȫˣǾǰɡôһΣһսû𣿡
ҵ˵ӣǵôҵס
£һ˳
ڵ˾졣
ҶԣǧյһĴҲС֮УΨһûжֵš
Ҷɨһ˾죬ԷͲʮѾﵽߣʹﵽߣ츳Ҳȷʵ㲻ʵ磬½ţߣˮֶеԭȻΪû١
磬Ҫߣؾ٣½ţֻҪԴУ츳Уܹɵľ硣ûٵģ϶еġ
ԣȻҶ֮۲ðǣòϣ֮ۻдڵıҪġ
У˾ʱ˾˵ʲôţȴʲôҲû˵Ȼ˾һΪʱǵ˿ɶڳܣ¶ˣҪ˾ܲ
ϾΪܲ˶һ겻񣬴ӴȻӡ
֮ûпڣΪ֪ʱ˾£ǲ˾죬ڶΪЦ
Ŀ˾ϣһˣ
˾һգһϸСˮֱϣˮֺ󣬳жʱһֺ󣬳һЩʵĵɫʱһ䣬׷ӿԼԿ
ˮ֡ɣˮϹӲһԣּҼǧȻ
˾ԣϷһĨЦݣãСһﻹǲһЩ֣ļ㰡һŵҲˣȴǳ˵ţĿִɨһۡ
ǧЦЦû˵ԵȴһЦˮүү˭㲻ҸϰġҪҸϰ飬ڿ϶ҲкöŮġ
ˮϹ㶣漴ҡͷһЦѾͷ
˵ţĿԶе˾ϣһ˿ǡ˾ʵܲǣҵŵʵôҪ֪ʷдţǴδӮ
ӿһ˾ϵˮܲԣҿЩ꣬ǵûһǽ
Զ˾һĨɫҽ͵һգһˮʣƾճһƬˮˮֵһ̣з·˴󺣡ͬʱ˾ұϵˮѸٱ˲ϢѾһｫǧɵľңʱˮ⺣ˮ֮һ
𣡡
ʣһŭХڲӿʶʱطһ
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ʣ˾һŭȣ£ʱΪһ壬˵Ŀ֮Уʸ£Ŀ꣬·İӡ
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£ҽ͵һգ˳𣬿УͻȻյתҽ΢΢һһ֮ĿռʱҼ·ܵʲôµһ㣡
һĻǵɫʱ
ƣ
ʣӵ쳹Ű£ҽ͵سˮһţ̳һɿƾճŵΧɲǼ䣬ɿγһɷУ˵Ŀ֮Уɷ˾ˮݺݵײһ
䣡
һը羪쳹˵ע£ǰӵķֱӽ˾ͽˮΡ
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Ҷ϶ûڴţѾ˯ŵСҶȻҶϣûţʱ̽䱸ţȻǽ䱸ǶǵˡһЩ˻ᣬЩ˿϶Ҷɱһ
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˵һʱ뵽ҶȷʵǿǸҶһȡʹǺҶǵԪҲòϣ£֮УһѾûܹҶˡ˵һһûܹҶ⡣
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һۣͻȻֱִʧԭأٴγʱѾǰӵǰɲǼ䣬ʮͻȻ԰ܵĿռ˳ȻŰӵĸҪ˹ȥ
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£ҽ΢΢һȻ͵һɨųһƾճܣֵһ̣ΧЩֱӱ֮Уִɫһ䣬˫г͵һ˳״ŰӴ˹ȥ
ǷһĨЦŴһһִ߳ɵĽ֮ϣһִֶʱͻȻڿնȻҽ϶͵һŶִ̤ȥ
䣡
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磡һæִܵɵǰ
ִ˵ؿһ£ٴһھѪ̧ͷԶİӣˡ
ⲻǺ𣿡
ӵһִǣԭΪе㾪ϲһʧˡĽޣǰǰĲһ
ӵĻ˵Ŀ⡰ˢˢؿҶԪϵˡ


1293 Ϊ޶ս
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Ҷǵ½һţǵ½һޣһޣɲָһָнޣЩһĽޡ˵Ҷǵ޵Ĵ
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ڰµһ̣Ҷ۾ȻŰȥԭǵ֮ıһȤûУΪ˵СҼҡ
ڣӹȻޣӲǽ޵Ĵңǽ˵ϴ½Ľ޶棬˿ޣ仰˵ǿˣҶ
ⶼӲǴȥ½룿˵Ľ룿
Ϊ޶ս
ҶӣǵĿ˰ϣЩֻ˭ãƫƫҪӡ
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ԣСˣ˫ȭգЩŭҲûУ
϶˵ʱһԵҶͻȻͣλ̣ͣڰء
һȻתصһԵǧԡ϶һҶС΢΢һ죬ȻʫңҺúÿ㣬黨ǲݣ㣬СһЩ˵ֱ꣬ӱСʧԭء
϶ҶҡͷһЦȻתһԵİӣҳԣ˵𣿡
ǷһĨЦݣ˵ʱԶŮӺȻ壬С
ŮӵĻİ˫۶ʱ΢ҶʱѾûЦݣȡ֮һ˿ɻء
ҶһŮӣŮһϮȹ㣬毺ãֻɫЩ࣬Ӧ˵е䣬رȻƽҶȴǴӶԷпĮӡĮӱˣһֻһˣǾǶԼʵĵˡ
ŮڵŮУȻǰŮ˸޷ŮȣŮǿɲһĮӣУضʲô
ҶջĿ⣬壬ûзϻһֱӳ˰ӵǰٶ֮죬õɫһ䣬壬һԵȹŮӵҲɫһ䡣
֮ɫ֪Լ˶֡Ҵ⣬ӿ΢΢һ䣬һɷƾշ֮ϣţҽŵſռ͵һţ˵ŶҶ͵̤˹ȥ
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Ǵʱе뷨
ԪϵɫޱȵҶԽȻԽѾҶҶ֮䣬ˡҶڲŰۣʵѾֲ˹һﵽߣʱǻܹɱҶ
˵ʱڶԻɱҶ
Ԫ԰֮⣬뼸пʼһЩ뷨
һԵּңҵûԪҵʹҶΪУҶΪУҶǱʵһɳڣǲҪȥ⣬ң˵ܹҶãҪ֪Ҷ൱ڽһλδǿ߰
ԶųеҶȹŮвƽȡ֮һ˿𾪻һ˿š
УҶ壬ǰȷʵûˣڣ޽𣿡
˵꣬ҶսȻתȥ
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˵ţһɿֲڱӿȻ˻һ糯Ҷײ˹ȥ
һĻһԵǧյ˽ɫһ䣬漴ŭ䲻𰡣
ԶҶͣ˽ŲһĨɱһҪʱȹŮͻȻǰֳֻǰһ̽һ׵ĵ˲ķϡ
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ԶʱѾΪһ̿ͷǱĳϣʱһõ岻ʱһ󼤲
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ٴһɿϣֱȴûзɳȥΪš
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俴һ壬ǿΨһӣҽͷ㣬Ҷˡ
˵꣬תҶȻҶȥˡ
Ҷ


1294 һˣ
޵ĻĿʱҶϡ
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ʵȻҶǿ˵뷨رҶֵԪϵˣǷǳҶʵжֲ˵ҶѾܹ߾ǿˡڼϽ˵һԪּǿ߶˵һܹʤҶ
޵ŮӣҲһλţǣû˻սĹҶ
Ľ޼ճʱʱ½ǰȻʧɫ
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ŵ˵½ǰʧɫ
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࿴һҶȻޣһˣ
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Ļ˫΢УãܲʤҶϣһսùӦ⣬԰ɣ
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·ʧԭŵ׵ͻȻʼ궯ͬʱΧռ䣬ûзϻͻȻҶȥ֮绮ռΪ֮Ҽƺˡ
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УΪ֮ɫ䡣һ򷨣ָǽ޵ĽͨﵽͨߣҳԷʽȻһ֮ǣҪһ򷨣ףһЩﵽͨ߶
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ΪҪһ򷨣˽Ҫǿ֮⣬ٶҲҪ죬ǿǾ͸ˡ˵Ҫһ򷨣ҡͨҪٶԼǿֻͨǻٶҪġ
ҶͨٶҲС˵ٶܹѹȻᱻһ򷨣
УҶһȥ׵󣬲û֣ͣ΢΢һеĳʱͬһ߳޸̶ȥ
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ʱͻȻӿ׵磬Щ׵˲佫Ҷ
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ԣаͷĵҶʵܶʱҲһܺദ˰ûж룬ɨһ۳ˣλ߰ɣ
˵˵ͷ೯Զȥ
ʱּǧͻȻּҶǰЦǳǰˣ㣬ϷǺա
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뵽⣬ҶЦǰǫˣִǺѣǰƺҶɡ
ԣǧͷ˭˵ҶһãԶΪĴ˼Ҷǫ飬ˣʵڵ֪Ҷּ֪õݺ󣬻ǽǷŻּңһõ۽ʱҶЩˡ
ڣҶҶǣ䣬ȻеħǺܶʱȴýˡ֮֮ΪУͱ뽫һɱȻᱻ񱨸ð֮Ϊѣõһǿѡ
ּѡߡ
ǧЦϷˣСӣСһҲ޽ģָָܲǣ
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ͽȻѧģҲϣõСָָ㡱ʱһˮϹ˾ߵҶǰЦ
˾Ҷ˱ȭǾ⡣
Ȼû⣡ҶЦ
ּύҶһԵԪɫѿ
ʱһͻȻһ⼸СһҲϣָָܹ㡭
ԣ˽һ㶡
Ԫϵ˵ʱɫʱѿ˼㡣


1295 һٸ
ҹҼҹա
Ҷԣǧյ
ҹң
ҶĿ˵Ļϣԣһߣʶȥ½׷ɱҹ
ҹҹҵˣԱߵǼŵ˶ڿҶ
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ҶԸ⣬Ǿֻѡһ·ˣǾѰһ᲻ϧһдɱҶΪҶǳɳǳе𡣶ҶӦǾʹҶûзҪǲݵ˼
ǣҲ͵ڶһѡǾҶãܹҶΪѣҶǱʵ˵Ͳв
ʵһ·ڼʶҶ츳ǱҾѾʼˡڵȥϮɱҶɱҶȷʵԹϷҶĽˣõһЩ棬ܹһвǣص͹ҶʵǱˣûеõһ㣬۽
ϮɱҶ
ǵøĴۣۣԲһֲġһǧϾʯҲȲһ߾ǿߡϷֽˣܹõһǧϾʯ𣿿Ԫңһңڣˡ
֮Լ˵򲻵ѣǲҶΪУΪǻܴĴۣһһܹɱҶ
ڣҹѾԼ˼ͿҶôѡˡ
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ڣѾûʲôʱ½˷ˡ
ҶĻҹҼԱߵЩҵ˶ʱһƽĶۣҲҶˡΪʵֵ̫ˡ˵ȥɱһˣȴһ΢棬δ̫޴
ʵ֪Ҷ˵ĿֲǾԲƼҺȥϮɱҶġԪҶв֮𣬵ûа
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ҶĻһһվ˳ҲԸ뽣˽Ϊѣػ
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ҶȻԸҽˣΪңңҵΪҲĵߡرԪؼң֮ΪУ˵Ԫҿǹûؼȥ½ˣ˵ǾԲԭµġ
ʵҲ֪֮ĳޣԷҲͽ⡣Ǳ̬ͽ⣬ĿĿ϶ҲΪġ
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ԵԷ嶥ȥ·һƬԭԭ֮һƬɳĮɳĮľͷԼɼ˷ɽ
ָָɳĮͷǱߣ塣˵ţָָ·ɳĮƬԭ֮һǲǻٵ壬Ȼһƣûκ谭ǽֱ帹ءʱ꣡
ΣʱּҼǧʡ
ҡҡͷΪԴͳһȥ˾ûлҲ߾ǿǰȥ̽Ϣǣȥ߾ǿ߸սƬɳĮǱˡǳļʱѾɡ
ҾãӦüǰȥ
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ԪϵĻ˶ҶȻ˶֪ԪǹҶе赶ɱ˵˼ǣò˵Ԫ˵ĻеġΪĹ򣬳ȷʵûܹȵҶ
ǣҶԸȥҪ帹ر֣ľʮˡ
ʱԪֵȻǰ帹أΣյģǣΪ壬һΣʲô˵ǰɣ˵ţһԵҶ
ҶЦЦȻΣԪһͬǰȥһΪ御ô
书ûãԪϵ
ҶЦûϵҿ԰һ䰡һ䣬Ҫ壬׾ٵ飡
ԪƤһ䣿ҲҶܹһ壬ҶԼҪΧ
Ԫϲ˵Ҷɫ䣬ôΪ׵ʱˣ
ԪȻȥ˵ǣαЩ
ȥҾȥôҶЦ
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ҶǷһĨҪɱңһ߿㼸֣ЩĵֶΣҶ߳ܣ
Ҷ˵ԴԪɫ࣬˫ֽգϲɢһ񱩵Ϣ
ʱҶּҪ֣һٸҶ𣿡
£Ҷӿ


1296 Ըϵɽ»𺣣
˶ˣҶڱԪ϶֡
ȷʵҶڱԪ϶ֻ֣ҪԪ϶֣᲻ϧһдնɱԪϡֹҲҪնɱԷΪǶԷȶ֣ңɱ˶ԷҲҪԷۡ
ΪһԪ϶֣ͿΪҳͷԪϣҲͷԪϣǳͷᣬɲҵνʲôʱֵĹ涨֮ܶԪֻҪҶ֣ͱضҪöԷ䣡
֮Բȶ֣ΪûаܹһɱԪϣһһɱԷҿ϶ֹһΪӵԵվԪߣʱ潫Ĳʰֻһˣǲ壬ǣнǧɱ󡣴ʱΪǧɱƽ׵һǿУʵǡ
Ҷʱɫһ䣬β֪Ҷ룿һԪȶ֣ʱҽûֹҶ֣һҶɣԪϲԻ᲻ݡ
ˣҪ˵ʱһԵԪͻȻԼһգЦϷȻдд裬ǣڴеǰϷΪһ˽ʧһλأ
ǲҶ֣˵ôʱһԵƲƲ죬
Ȼᣬǳ˶ˡ
ԪԭЦŵɲǼ棬ԵǧȴǽȻԪϱ˱ȭС£֮Ԫֺ
Ԫ俴һǧû˵
һԣҶʼ磬ǰ˵޳ܣҾãҵ޳ܱԪǰǲడ
Ԫһûнӻ
ҶҲûȤԷˮս˵һԡȻЩϧûϵҪɱԷպеǻᡣ
һԵʱһһҶ֮ǰǰһദû뵽ھͿʼ£ҿӣԺ϶¡
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˵꣬ɨһˣ߰ɣҼλ
˵꣬תԶȥ
ԪϿһҶˣȻȥҲˣҶɱһҶҵᣬҶǾԲġ֮ǰȻ壬ڣŶѾվҶǱߣֻʣߣƼؼһһ
ԣܸҶᣬȻ弫пܾ֮ء
Ҷһǽ˵ԪϣЦһȻҲȥ
һᣬһǳس˵ǰǳصǺܴ󣬵ҲСǧҡ
һǣвʮʶһһɨ
ȫ߾ǿߵʶ
ʮλߣ
ɫһݣȻ֪Һǿǣû뵽ҾȻӵʮλ߾ǿߣң⻹ֻǱǿߣʵԶֹʮλߡ
һ̣һЩԭЩǿߣʱԼİͬңұǿǿ̫̫ˡ
ҶҲɫأҲûеҵʵȻ˵Ŀֲʮλߣɲǵߣߡ˵ǼǧɱȫȻ޷ҿ⡣
ܿ죬һһΪȻĴ
һһ۵߱ǽ˵С
Ҽ졣
꣬Ȼߵǻԣ˵
Ŀϡ
ɲ⣡
Ǵʱ˵ĸо
Ҷ˫΢У֮ɫԽŨǰߵʵԪ֮ϡΪǰ߸ΣյĸоԪȴûиָо
ɨһҶˣЦӭλ塣
˿ɲҵǿߣæ챧ȭк
һᣬλĴشҲҾͲڶ˵ʲôˡһ幥ƣ彫ԣΪ壬壬ǱסȻ֪п϶˼ɣ˼һὫҵڻʹҿԸλպǷսǿ߽վǰ棬Ҫҵˣ
Ļ˶ʱȻ𾴣ʵ˵˸ЩΪ˵֮ǰȷʵе˼ɣ˼Ұǽڻҵġڣ˼ȴҪԼ˳ǰ桭С֮Ķɾ֮
Ҷһ죬ò˵Ļ£ġΪһǵ˾ͶҵĽ䱸ࡣ
˵ǰ߲ǴƾǴ
ʱĿͻȻҶϣһҶЦû뵽СϧСʮ꣬壡
ԣɫ΢䣬Ȼû뵽쾹ȻҶôߵۡ
ҶЦЦǰˡ
ûй
ҡҡͷСţ꽣޼ǰڸСʮʱ䣬½ûκСѵĶ֡ʹڣ½ɱСѵģ²
ҶЦ֮Уǰһ𣿡
쿴ҶϢ漴ЦСʵǿϷûܹսʤСѡ˵ţһת˵Сѵ֮ж֮ʹ߾ǿ߶޷ǵ棿
ĿⶼҶϡ
Ҷһ죬Ȼ˵ͷ䷽棬ȷʵеĵá
СѿԸǰ̽һϸʡ
Ҷ죬ֿлһ˿󡣿ΣҶЦȥ̽ϢǲԣֻǣҲˣҲŰۣȥˣΣյĺܰ룬ǰӦòǹȥģ԰ɣ
ЦЦôСȥءֻǣСӦҲףСѣκǰ壬ܶᱻ֣ȥҿ϶ȥǣұλʱ̽ţֻҪ壬Էԡ

ҶֱҡҡͷȥˣҪǱ֣ʵʮǰɡ
ЦݼӲסȻû뵽Ҷô˵˵ǳҲû뵽Ҷô˵
ڣò˵еã
ĬΣЦָֻСѣҪ
ҲҪҶ
쿴һҶ漴֪СҪʲô˵ֻҪܹģһ
Ҷ̯̯֣ǰҲˣĶûУȥ壬ҪǱ֣㿴
㲻Ԫôûз֮һԣԪ
ҶתͷԪϣҪǸһһ꣬˵һ壬ϵĽҶŪûˡ
㡭
ԪᣬҶȴǰ˰֣㰡ҵģȥ壬ͱ졣
˵꣬תͷ죬ǰĺûбϣҲȥġ
쿴ҶãȻЦСѹǵǡ˵ţһӣһƷҶǰ֪Сѿ⣿
ǼƷҶ㶣ȻɫΪ壬ҶԸϵɽ»𺣣ǡ


1297 ߣȥ壡
ҶǰһԳ򣬳һƬƬϸСƬɣЩƬͨ͸⻬羵һ澵ӡ
ף
Գ򣬳˽һȻ˶û뵽쾹Ȼ׵ıҶҲ̫˵ɣ
Ҳû뵽У𾪻ɻ
˲֮Ϲ޷˵ƬռƬ϶ɣСѵٶȣڴϴϷҲ׷㡣ЦСӦûй˰ɣ
Ȼ
ҶЦЦȻԥ£ǰȥ壬Щ¡Ҳ֪е˸һȥһ˼ҡ
Цģ˭ҶǧɱˣΪС
ҶϢȻЦҾͳ
ҵСѵĺϢЦ
ȥ׼׼
Ҷ˵꣬챧˱ȭȻǧɱתȥ
ҶıӰɴЦݣȴǶһ˿Īζ
뿪Ȼ󣬺ܿһҶ˵ǰλҹ£峤֮λǰϢ˵ţתԶӶȥ
Ҷȥܿ죬ӵĴ£һС壬С֮ϣֻһӽҶ˴ǰ󣬶Ҷ˱˱ȭȻתʧʡ
Ҷ϶϶΢΢ͷ˫һӣɲǼ䣬ΧռʱһһᣬתͷҶռѾӹ̣û˵ʶܹɨУҲܹڵһʱܵ
Ҷ˵ͷȻɨһ۳ǧյˣûʲôҪ˵ģ
Ծǧճ
е㲻ԾˮҲ
Ҷ˵ͷȻҲòԾΪȥ壬ȻϧóһױԷΪ壿ǲšǣԷĿģĿʲô
ɱ
ҲûɰΪ֮䣬ûʲôޡ
˼ãҶһӣ˲֮˳˵ͷַ˲֮档ãͻȻɫһ䣬Ҷ⣡
Ȼ
Ҷ˫΢Уʵʲô⣿
ЩռƬ֮УһƣصĺҶûвߣϼһȻ밵㣡
ʲôƣҶʡ
΢΢ҡͷҲ֪޷֣һǿĽƣǻĽơ
Ҷɫԩ޳쾹Ȼ뺦ֻ׵ǣԷΪʲôô
Ӧ㣡ʱһԵǧպȻ
Ҷǧգʾ˵
ǧճǸ˶֪츳Ǳպضһλǿߡܹ㣬Ǿζպ󽫶һλǿߡҲ²⣬ӦòһƽƣһƣһΪУǾͿȷˡ
˵⣬ǧտҶ츳Ǳ˼ɵҴ˾٣ǷδȻױǺǣܹ㣬˵һױʮҲá
ʱˮҲû´ʵͲµ㲻״Ӧȥ壬˲֮֮Ū½ƣȻ͵ʵ㲻Է϶ҲҸɽ㡣
һң
ҶǷһĨЦ˵ԭ˲ңҲˣҸģȻܾôˡ
ǧյ˳Ĭ˵覴ñرҶжЩˬҶڴĿǧɱҴ˾٣ǧɱ󣡿Ҳ֪ҵıҲô
ΪʱǧɱʵȲң
ҶȻھɱȥûɵ̶ֳȡڵнǧɱôɻǧɱ뽣˴Եѡ
˲֮㻹𣿡ʱǧʡ
Ȼ
ҶǷһĨЦݣףô
ǽơǧ
ҶҡҡͷС¡˵ǽȷʵС£ֻҪСڣʲôƶûޡûֱСнŪΪڽǽŪĻݾߡ
ֻҪ˲֮ϵ˲Ϣ佫˲֮͵Сڣԣ¶ԷͻȻ߶ơ
ûԥҶָһһƾѪû˲֮֮УѪ˲֮һ˲ֱӻһûҶڡҶ΢߶ʱһԳȻƮ
һ˲ҶͻȻʧԭأɲǼ䣬ҶȻʵǲӰΪʵ̫̫ԵʣЩӰ͸Ҷһ
һĻǧյֱӴסˡ
ҶٶȱѾΪֲˣڼ򡭡˵Ҷڷɣ߾ٶȾߣ
˵ҶٶȣѾ˦߾ǿ߼ˡ
ΣҶͣųЩʵʵĲӰҶһĨ˷ܡڵٶȣѹ߾ǿߣ˵ȥɱһ߾ǿߣǲѴ֮ԪּģҲ߰˳ɵİһɱԷ
㲻ðɱԷ֣ƾ˲֮ܣҲаսʤԷɱԷ
ʵװ
ǧտһҶò˵ܻҶȫҪˡرҶҲóɱ˵ǧɱڰɱҲԶԶҶˡû취ٶȴﵽһ̶ȺʲôɶǸˡ
ҶȻǧգ뿪ʱ䣬ԼҪСģ˿иף
㻹Ҫȥ壿ǧʡ
ȻҪȥ
Ҷ˵ͷʵԼȥ忴ʵʵĳ̫̫࣬ͱΪǧɱ뽣·ˡ
£Ĵ㡣
ǧյֻҪ㲻£ͻܰȫ
ҶЦģ򣬾帹ر֣Ҷܹӻ
Сģǧյ
Ҷ˵ͷֽһЩ飬Ȼǧյ˳ȥ
ֻʣҶ϶ǻ˯Сס
㲻ǲȥɣ϶Ȼ
ҶЦЦȻס϶֣˵ܷʲôᶪһˡҲһ𣡡
϶ߵҶǰȻסҶҲ㶪ңҶ׵ˣֺγǣ
Ҷͷ϶ͷһ£Զᣡ
Ҷ£϶ͻȻ̧ͷȻż˫ֻסӣţ϶ֱҶϡ
Ҷһʱ϶ȴæɿȻԴСͮͮģͬߵϼ
϶ߵģҶһЦȻסߣȥ塣

ҶǴ϶С뿪塣
ȻС
Ҷ뿪ˡԣ
˵ͷ
˲֮Ҳ峤ġֹ
˰֣һﻻһδǿߡ׬ˡ


1298 ˵е
߹ƽԭɳĮҶããɽ֮С
Ҷǣһ·Ȼûһֻޡɽ֮УҲûޡ
ӦֻǱԵҶԣ϶
Ҷ˵ͷ̧ͷȥ߾ͷĸɽһһɽҪҪ
ĬƬ̣Ҷߡ
˵ţ϶ֳԶȥʱѾýԼ϶С׶ͬʱԼҲʱ̽䱸ΧǧڣֻҪκܹڵһʱ
ܹ˼ɵ壬ʵǺεȵĿֲȻҴ⡣
ĺǿǿô϶ʡ
ܣҶԥĻش
Ҫɱأ϶ʡ
ҶĬ֮һĴһܣⲻҪɱġͬģҪܣҲ䲻˱ūۻɱ³࣬ı죬廹壬Ǳ壬˵ġ
˼ãҶ϶Ҫףû٣ģֻǾסԼˡǵĽ޼ҲΪ½һŽ񹬵뿪½УԼԶڵһλ£Ҳ⵱һؾǣûȥĲԼԼˣѣ£
϶˽Ҷ֣ԼԴ῿ҶϣҾǲϲȥӢۣӢ۵³ңԼңǵ˻Ѷˡ
ҶЦЦҾһ˽ˡ
ϲ˽϶
ҶһЦ϶ٶȼӿ죬Ŵɽȥ
Խ˲֪ɽҶͻȻͣ϶üͷҲһۣȻٶȱ˷ǰһɽʱֱӱǰһĻסˡǰ·ɽŴһȺ͸ߴޣЩ״ţֻֻţվġĸߴߣȫһĺɫۼף
ҶɨһۣЩһǧÿһֻǵߣңҶ𾪵ǣЩϴЩۼףȻ׼۽׵ģ
ޱķѾ죬ڼЩ׼۽׵ۼףǷǺεȵĿֲȻ߾ǿ˵㲻ʲôǣĵЩޡ˵һЩ⣬ߣ˵սʤЩޣܲƷЩ޶Ǹ⣡
ʱһֲϢͻȻڳУҶĿȥֻȺǰһɫۼ׵ޣ״࣬ȴͨ޵ϴɫۼҲǵ۽׵ġ
ޣ
𣡡
׵ޣЩɫۼ׵޶ʱΧɽ岻ϲš
̧жʱȻߴﹾ಻֪˵ʲô
ҶȻԣ¿Σѵϸϸ̭õǰʮģԻøֽչȵ۽ݡ̭ģֽᱻǲһʯϣ
⣬Ҷ亹ˡ
޲£µĻ
޸һ廹ϣرһŽ塣
ֻһȺʱȻ
Ҳ˵бȺҶʡ
˵ͷǺҪμʲôԣȺ
ĬΣҶߣȥĵط
˵ţҶʧԭء
ԽɽͻȻ棬ΧЩɽҲʼ
𡭡
Զһըף
һۣȻһԶȥܿ죬һȺ޳ҶСЩеƽݻΨһͬҪߴĶ࣬ȫڣ类˺ī
պһǧ֮ǰһ϶һĺɫۼףȫ׼۽ף
һһ߲Щ޵Ķ֡Ҷԣ϶
Ҷ˵ͷЩ޶ս࣬ȫܹһжһܣû취ֲ̫ϻװǣЩܹԽսţȻսʤЩޡ
ĬãҶߣȥĵط
϶˵ͷ
Ҷ뿪ǰߣҶǳصģΪ岻ĻҪǿұĻҪ
ãһ޳ҶǰһΣҶǰһȫɢŻʨЩʨ;޴󣬱֮ǰ޶ҪһЩʨͬһۼףǺɫģǻɫۼףҲ׼۽ס
ЩʨϢ֮ǰ޻Ҫǿȴֻ١
ǧߣ
Ҷһ϶ƹȺʨԶȥûãͻȻһ̶ͻȻʴҶ϶̧ͷʿȥֻԶͻȻһȺɫĴЩӴ˫չʱɣٶȼ죬ֻһգ۱ʧҶ϶ͷ
ȻЩѾʧҶǿˡȫǵ۽ף϶һۼףȫ׼۽ףЩҲǵߡ٣
ǧߣ
Ȼе࣬ҶȴǷе٣Щ޴ͷģֻһλףҲһȺ֮Уһǲܳ׵ģһһĸ
ԭأҶĬãȻǿ徿жֲ
˵ţ϶ǰߡ
Ϊ䣬ˣһ·û޷ǡԽȺɽȥҶԽľΪЩǳ򣬾͸ľһмԡǾǺֲܿģ
򵥣
Ҫ֪ϲɣϲģԷȴܹЩͬǰмԣɲǿʵܹġȻʵǿ󣬵ڹ˷ȴǱҹƲ̫̫ˡ
˲𣡡ʱȻ
Ҷ˵ͷҪ࣬ò˵Σˡ
Ȼ֪ʵʵǳġûգûʤ㡣
뵽ʲôҶͻȻתͷ϶ǣ϶Ҳ塣
϶˽Ҷ֣վߣɱ㣬Ұɱ࣬ɱ㣬Ұɱ塣֪ҪɱĻҶһվߣܶԴվߡҲһ
϶Ҷһů΢΢һЦߣȥ壬ҶǿԽԽˡ
϶˵ͷ˼Ŵɽȥ
˲һʱҶɫԽԽˣΪܵǿ޵ϢȻޡ
ҪǰʱͻȻɫȻһ䣬ʱһͻȻ
ޣ޿ռôܡףǴ˵еôܡһ࡭⣬ǽ򡭡


1299 ҪҪɱ㣡
Ҷȫë
˾ȻϢ󣬶ȴһ㶼ûƿΧпռûв
Ǻηʥ
ԷʱҶ΢΢һΪ࣬Ҵһ˿ۡҶһۣȻת
ǰ⣬һСŮʮӣһɲ֪ɫƬ֯ɵȹӣĿӨѩСɶ£Ȼе㽿Сȴ͸һӺݹһ˿ϡ
СŮֱϣһɫСߣС߰СŮֱϣѾ˯š
Ҷٴһۣͬʱ䱸
СŮĿϿ˿Ǻ棬ȻҶ˯СϿ˿ţִһҶͬǺ棬ĿСϡУɻ󣬻һ˿š
ҶһСŮȻʣ˻
ûж֣ǰСŮܹϢ󣬲һ۾ͿСףԷԲһˣ˵һһ޷һɱԷһ뵽سӿͷƤͷ顣
Ҷ˵СŮҶСŮû˵ҶҶȴɫһ䣬ΪȻܵһεѹⲻǶԷΪǶԷϱѹ
СŮ˭
ҶԽˡ
ʱСŮûлشҶתͷһԵ磬ֿܳռʵҲ޷˵ţͻȻָָҶϵСףֵôܳ硣˵ֿ꣬Ҷ۵࣬ȴӵнҽﵽ
ҶͫһСŮĻ֪

Ҫ֪޼˵磬ֻдﵽ˲֪ѵǰСŮĳ⾳ﵽ뵽⣬ҶɫԽˡ
СŮ俴Ҷϱ˵Ļܲò𣿡
Ҷ
СŮҶֵ㣬ãҲܳ磬ȴƫƫˡҺɻ󣡡
ҶĬСŮµС򣬶Է˭
࣬ѵΪҽͽ𣿡ʱСŮͻȻ
Ҷһ飬һλ߶ȻԷȴôȻͺӦҪΪһûھָо
ҶһСŮԷڿڵشԥ£ҶǱ͵ġûбƭԷΪָоǾƭ˶Էң˵滰Ҳûʧʲô
Ȼ
СŮһѾµӣһҶֵΪʲôԭ򣿡
ҶΪˣȻͱ͹ˡ
СŮ̧ͷʣǸˣʵǿ
ȷʵǿ
Ҷ˵ͷȻѾش⣬ڻ⣬԰ɣ
СŮջĿ⣬ҶϣʣȻҲһش𡣡
Ҷ
СŮΣҶ˹Ȼ˭
ⲻش𣡡СŮȻ
Ҷһ飬ȻʵΪʲô֪ռУʲôǳһ㣬ҲͰˣǶԷС׵֪Ҫ֪С׵ǵŮ֪ŮǼС׵ģŮ֪С׵϶ǻġ
СŮҶû˵ʲô
Ҷⲻܻش𣿡
ǣ
СŮҪҪɱ㡣
ҶֱӽסԵСŮĻɫ˫֣֮ʱ𵭵Ϲ⡣
Ҷ΢ʳϣСŮû
еԥСŮ
ΪʲôҶ
СŮһСףϵͦãɱ㣬϶ңߣǻȻǲ
ҶŭЦҸ˵˵ΪʲôҾ͸
СṴ̊ᣬҪǵĶòǾǱߵࡣҲǲ̰ᣬͲˡǻΪ˸۵ġ
лģû𣿡Ҷ໹壬кл𣿶ңһΣҪȹ̰࣬ᣬҲӦɣ
幥ࣿ
СŮ˫΢У֪࣬Ҫ࣬ٴˡ
ǲ壿Ҷü
СŮЦҵ룬ϧǸһҪʲô嵱궩µԼȻ̤ƽˡҲûϵǸԼܿͻԼ˺٣ʱ롭˵⣬СŮ﷢һЦ˼һ˿ڴ
岢ûҪ˼
Ҷ˫΢СŮ˵ģζʲôζŲɸ˵ܰҽǿ߶ټ壬ǵʲô֪ҵʲô֪ǾǣҶǧɱ
ҶСŮ£嵱ûҪ˼
СŮ俴Ҷֲ˵ˣ뵽ҪҪɱҶ
СŮôſҶоܲȴûȥƽˡֵ£巢սܣҲҪ۵ġΪ壬ѵĿ޲𣿡
˵꣬Ҷһһ˿ЦδһԼȻȥΪ˵Ǿ仰ҲûǣΧܹΪ£Ҳǲġ
Ҫ๥أСŮ
Ҷ㶣ôܣֲɵôṥ塣ʵԶ壬廹Ҫ壬ǲò˵Դżˡ
СŮֲ˵ˣôҶٿʼҪҪɱҶ
СŮҶʵջĺܣŭ㵽ûҪҪɱң
СŮûҶǿһԵ벻뿪磿
СŮû˵
СŮֵûǰ;ģңҪʲôҸʲôңԺԴ뿪磬뿪磡
Ҷ㶣⻰ôоϤӡ


1300 СŮ
ƣ
СŮں
ҶʱԷȻǽš˵СŮֵСܴܴ󣬸ңᡭ
϶ֱӴСŮĻҲ㣡
СŮ΢΢һ漴ΪʲôΪҸ㣬ϲˣԺ϶ڵġ
϶һСŮҵ£

СŮҡҡͷͬΪ߹壬Ҳܼȥ㣡˵ţĿҶϣֻܲȥ
£΢΢̧𣬵̧һֱ̣ϵɫСͻȻӣһֱ̣ӻһɫСŮֱϵ
СŮ̧һ̣ҶɫȻһ䣬ֽճȭȻҲľͳǰһȭ
ٽ磡
ٽ磡
֮һȭʹٽ磬ΪоΣաСŮһͲһˣҴӣԣһ־ٽ硣
ȭһɿֲʱͬˮһҶȭͷϯǿֱõΧһƬƬľޡ
䣡
һըڳҶ˫ŴŶ泯˶ȥһԣɫһ䣬˫һϹ֣ΧռʱʱСŮͻȻسԣţΧĿռ˲ָƽ
һתͷСŮСŮ壬ƽսҪǳ֣ɾǷŶ˵ţĿɨһܣʱΧڲǿϢȻ֮ǰսǿߡ
ȻҰǵƤСŮͻȻڳ
СŮ»һϢΧͻȻ֮䰲ȻЩϢûȥȴҲûиҼ߸
һСŮȻתͷ˳еҶ
УҶ˿ԼȭͷޱȣΪȭͷȻңֱֻۻ顣̧ͷȥǰԶСѾнôѾܳƺΪߣӦóƺΪ
Ҷһſ壬ԷϵЩɫʵƬɫƬÿһ鶼ܺʮ֣ҲɫƬϻص·֮⣬ǾߣһԲɫ
׾
һһֻ򼻹ҪǿһЩ׾
СʱһԵŮȻ
˻˻
ţһ̣һڣǾ޴βֱӳҶλɨ˹ȥβɨ֮ռֱӹѿҾҼ·һ̾Ҫһ㣬ƺˡ
βδҶǸоһɿֲѹѹҪ顣Ҵ⣬ҶһһУͬʱҲУʣβʱͻȻתνһն
ˣ
Ⱥɽ֮쳹ҶеĽնβ֮ϣβ뽣ͬʱһţҶβͬʱź󷢷˳ȥܿ죬ҶĿռͻȻһȻҶͣЩռȴ˿ʩչռ䷨жϵɵġ
һ򷨣
һԣСŮȻеӡ
ԶҶɫޱȣȷʵһ򷨣ǣԷʵ̫ǿˡżԪһ˶ԷԼܱԷãԷȻǿǻûѹĳ̶ȡ
ȻҪΪǼԪԵʡֻǿ޷ּ޿⡣ʵҶ˵µĲǷΪղһȻûܹƵԷķֻڶԷƬһӡǣ
ԶǲҲһ˿أȻҶʵҲЩ𾪣رǰŰۡ
һһĿײһ̣һһͬʱʧԭء
Ҷ˻һ⳯ŲȥͬʱͷϵĽӡӡһ̣гϵĽʱӴˡ
һĨ׹⣬УһֱͬһСɽһ㳯Ҷǵײ˹ȥ
һԣСŮĿҶϵĹʻжͷϵĽӡϿһۣȻ󡰻عЦͦࡣ
Զ⻮գǲһ
䣡
һըڳкȻ𣬽ţһһٴγŸԺ󷽵˳ȥһΣ˫˲ǵɳһǧɡ
УҶһʱһĨѪ˳
һԣҶǵѪ϶Ƥһ˫֮УϹ˸ԵСŮɫƽֻĿⲻʱҶеĹʻжͷϵĽӡɨȻǷһĨЦݡ
ҶˣǲҲˣѿһʮֳĿӣƬѾնѣѪǵ֮вӿ⻹нӡ󣬶Ҷ˵Ҫķôѣ
ҶĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷȥʱǲҲڿڶԷУ׹⣬һ˿
û˿ϻҶһŲȥһΣûѡӲƴѡλΪӴޣٶȷ涼ǺĲǡǣʧˡ
ٶһ㶼رʱͻȻϮʱٶõҶΪ֮ɫ䡣
һһڳдս˽ʱ˫൱ǴҶսȥҶ϶ὥ·磬ܣΪҶֻǰۣ࣬һݽþ޷⡣
㣡
ҶȻҲ֪㣬ˣһ˲ͣȻתͷһԵСŮ㵽ô
СŮЦݣָָ϶СףȻָָҶеĹʻҶͷϵĽӡǶңҿԿǷһ·ֻǿǣ̫ϣϾҶûʲôøС
ҶɫʱСŮΣĲһǿ󣡡
˵꣬ڷϻ΢һԳ󡣵СŮԳʱ۾һ㻹бϧǽʻͷϵĶԶˡҲǺܲ档
ҶûСŮϻһֱʧԭأɲǼ䣬гӰģÿһӰʵʣֲޱȡͬʱͻȻ⣬ڳݺύһ
ѹƣ
ȫѹƣ
ʱҶٶȣѾԶԶĽܹƲķˣҶԵٶǰֻܱ
ʽΨ첻ơ仰Ƿǳеġ
УһĻСŮǵЦݽΪǲʹ˻
ȥ㲻ҲҪгƬˡ
ûԥСŮǰȥʱ϶Ȼ壬ƽ֣岻ܣ
СŮЦ߹壬Ҫ˵Ŀ
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
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1301 ʱ䷨
СŮʧԭصһ̣г˹һĻֻҶЩӰ뽣·һ㣬ȫԭأһ˲ͻȻ䡱һȻЩӰȫޡ
죡
һƺڳ𣬽ţԭսԴҶֱӱ˳ȥܿ죬Ҷ̧ͣͷСŮһĨû˿ϻгü䣬һֱ̣ӻһ߰ϸĽʧԭء
ռһ˲ɱ
ûϳϳĻȻռһ˲ɱٶʵ̫̫죬ܲٶȳԼܳܵļޣѣֱӱ飡
ҶСŮޱ飬Įֻ̧ɲǼ䣬һĻˡֻԭٶҶͻȻ֮ٶԽԽģѹɽһ㣬ÿһҪϢʱ䣡
ʲôͨ
Ҷд󺧣ʱδ߶߽⣬ĳ򣬶޷ıǰĴ
֪ʲô𣿡
ʱСŮͻȻҶٶģҶٶȴԽԽҶߵ߾ǿ߲ܹʱ䷨ʱ䷨з֮Уǰ塣ʱʲô⣬ʲôױʲôǸ
˵꣬СŮѾߵҶǰҶȻе㲻ǣʵǺģ
ԶҶǿ̣Ҷ˹ǣٶҲĺ
ʱ䷨򣿡ҶСŮʡ˵Ҳĺ
Ѿ˵ˣСŮ
ԭǷ֮
Ҷ˵ͷһ̣һص˳Уֺ󣬳еһжָ

ܹѹһз֮УȻҲʱ䷨
СŮʱ䷨ѹƺҶû˿ϻг͵ؾһնһնֱն˵ͣǣСŮȴѾ
Ҷ̧ͷȥСŮѾڰɿ⡣
򣡡
СŮҶὣǲ˼飬һֻǰ۵ȻϹû졣
Ҷ俴СŮӿţСŮʵֲܿнξˡƬ̣Ҷʣ֮ǰ˵߾ǿ߲ܹʱ䷨Ϊǰ߲ûʱ䷨򣡡
ΪʲôҪش㣿СŮЦ
ãã
Ҷ˰֣ҲвУ
㲻ʣƫҪش𣡡
СŮЩߣֻαߣֻʱ䷨ߣߡ֮Բ֪Ϊβ𣿡
Ҷ
ʱСŮĿҶеĹϣ࣬⽣ʵĽأ
ʲôҶ뿪ӿʼͷ֣СŮʱʱľͶеĹʻжͷϵĽӡ
СŮ⽣ʲͷϵҲ⽣ʻǲЩҲܲˡ⽣нĻǿɾͲˡ˵ҿеĶˣԵĿռҶˡ㿴Űɣ
Ҷ
ʱСŮֵǳ֮⣬еĶҶˡ
Ҷ˹˼ǣ㿴ЩȻӦ˫ַϣǲ˼
ѵӦ𣿡СŮʡ
޵ˣ
ҶСŮ˴ĴָľСŮ޵ˡСŮװľԼĶȻԼĶӦ˫ֶϡ˵ģģһжôȻǺεȵǿ
СŮ˫΢Уƺô˵𣿡
ҶЦҰеĶ㣬Ȼ㻹ȷ᲻Źҡ㣬ô
СŮûпܵ飬ΪûܹҵĶ
ҶһѪУҲûܹҵĶ
СŮû˵һ̯һɫͻȻУֺ󣬳¶˲䱬ǣͬʱСŮΧĿռ侹ȻʼŤ·ܲסһ
Σգ
ǳΣգ
ҶɫޱеĽ·ҲܵǶвϲ

Ҷ֪СŮеĻڤһֻǣɫڤǿ˲֪ٱ
СŮҶеĻͻȻʼתҶɫ䱸ͷϵĽӡʱҶ϶ϵСͻȻˣֻԼԴ˲գȻ˫ۡ
۾󿴿ҿĿԶСŮеĽɫϣɫʱ۾ʱһȻͷ촽С׶Žɫ棬ԶСŮɫʱһ䣬ȻҶ㵵Ŀ֮Уһǽɫ
СգգۣȻСŮСצʼ衣
ҶˣСڽжԷѻųҶЩ£С׺棡Ӧ˵СŮǺܼɵСס
ѵСܹǻв
ԶСŮȻҲС׵˼ɫЩŹ֡
СŮûԼСȻЩҶļϣСצָָСŮȻһ
Ҷһ飬С׾Ȼȥ
ҶûжС׸ˡҶӣԼԴҶ°ͣСצȴָһԵСŮϻţǽҶȥ
СףҶЦѣСŮһƲ簡ȥͺ˰
ȻԷҶȴһ£ǾСܹǻвҪ֪С׵ǺСģΣյĶǾԲ῿ġڣȴҪҶȥǻ棬֤ǻûвңǻаȻô˷ܣô
СŮȻҲˣڼСʱϰѻˡ
ҶС׵ԴȻ
С̧ͷҶգգۣΪʲô
Ҷ°ͶСŮ⵹˵٣СŮȻӿʼֻһУǣһо㹻ˡңСŮֹŹ֮֡ԷΣյĺܣСŮԱ߿ǻһͷް
ǿǲĴڰ
ҶĻСתͷСŮգգۣͻȻſС죬Ȼһ
Ҷ˾㵵Ŀ֮УֻСŮͻȻһ棬֮ǰǶɫ档ֺС۾ʱȻʹ
ǶɫȴǷز·ʲôµһ㣬ͬʱҶ֣ǶɫĻЩ䵭ˡ

С˷֮ɫͬʱԽˡ
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1302 
ҶоˣǶɫ֮еǱСˡ
ʱҶͻȻСϲվﶼǸ־۶ɣҲ˵۵ĶС׶ܹգ
ϸ˼֣
СδҲֲ̫˰ɣ൱Ŀǰ
ʱԶСŮͻȻץסǶɫ棬ȻٴνСףһ˿ء
ҶһμԷ֮ɫ֮ǰʩչ򣬶ԷֻǾȶѡڣԷȴ֮ɫ
СŮ֪С׵ңС׵һܿ¡
СŮѻС㶣ȻŭˡСצգŭСŮݲĥţҪȥСŮһܡ
СŮһСףԥ£һһöɫӳϣ
ӲгԴô࣬ͨɫеš
СŮóôʱһԵǲĿʱ˹ϣһ˿ԻĽ
СĿöɫϣöʱգգۣȻǽյСצ˿һУöƮǰǰĹӣͷ촽Ҫ¿ڣʱͻȻͣȻתҶ
գգۣöӷɵҶǰȻһֻСצŹӣһֻСצָָҶС¶һõЦݡ
ҶһۣһůҶС׵ԴȻĿöϣ漴ɫˡ
ԭΪöǵ۽ףˣⲻǵ۽ף׹ӣ׵鱦
ѹСôϲ
ҶСŮСŮҲ̫һɣ׵Ĺӣôͳˣ
Ҷѹסе𾪣ǰϽ͵ǰСףЦЦȻС׵ԴԼԣҲҪȻӿ϶ҲаƤɻûȥС׵ĶԣСŮ͸Сף͸ġҪǳԣᱻСŮӵģ
СȴҡҡͷȻְѹӳǰơ
Ҷ˵ʱ϶ӹ˹ӣȻһӷֳ룬һݸСףԣǵģԺڳԡ
СգգۣȻ˵СԴţǰĹӾͿСһᣬǰ߹ӾͱС׳ûˡԼСצЩδ
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ӺС׷ɵҶļϣԴ˲ҶգȻ۾һʹ˺
Ҷ
ô㣡ʱһԵСŮȻ
ҶתͷСŮԵ֡СȷʵԵ֡
֪𣿡СŮ
Ҷҡҡͷ

СŮǷһĨЦַ˳ĹЦ
ҶɫһڣʵеջСŮʵûմԷȻһСŮһ١
ʲôҶԣ϶ʡҲˣҶСŮܲͷ˸޷
СŮһѾ˯СףĬƬ̣Ȼڴ磬о仰УΪ΢һ㣬һ½ɳһһƬ
ԣҶֱӽסһԵ϶ҲǴס
һ½ʲô½İһ½⣬൱һ˲½Ƭ⣬൱ڻٵ磡
Ҷ˹תͷһ۽ߵСףСһܹô
˵ĻҪ£
ʱСŮֵ࣬㣬㸣ҲĲҡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
СŮкܶɱ㣬ҡ
˵ţ΢΢̧𣬾Ҫ֡ԶҶƤһȻû뵽СŮ˵־Ҫ֡
ҶȻԴУӿʱһͻȻ𣺡Сĭҡ
Ůӵ
СŮü΢飬ȻܲԸȴûڶ֡俴һҶ㣬һжҵģҵģ˵꣬һУԶǲʱһС߲ϣȻתʧԶ
ȥ𣿡Ҷԣ϶
Ȼȥ
ҶһѾ¶ӣΪʲôҪӣԷȻûҪɱ˼ȻΧЩһӵˡңҲ֪Ҳ죬빥壡
Ҷ϶СŮСŮ֪⻹⣬ٶ죬Ҷ˦Ҷ˲֮ȻҪԷ˦ԶԶġ
֪Ծ˶ɽڣһ޳ǳҶ϶СǺܴ󣬷ǳ󣬵ǽǧɣɽ嶼Ҫ
徹ȻҲгǣҶ
϶ܴͲ壬棬ȴǱҪĶ࣬絤ҩǳأ󷨵ȣҲΪˣܹ忹⡣ںܶʱȫѹơˣҲѧϰ壬еѣϾѸġȻѧĺܺá
Ҷ˵ͷǾ仰岻£µĻһ·ԶԶһЩޣЩ޶мɣߴ½ȫһʵͳ࣬Žᣬ˵мɣǰûһơ
߰ɣ
Ҷ϶һ޳ǷӶȥ
Ŵ󿪣ûػҶ϶ֱӽ˳С

ǳ
ǴʱҶĸон٣ֻȼˣںǿһƽԭ
ҶɨһܣȻ϶ǰȥһ·ϣż޻ᳯ߿Ǿֻǿţû߹һᣬһҶǰʱһӰͻȻԶϮҶ˵ǰ
죡
ʱһ
Ҷ϶ͣǰһӣļΪ࣬Ҷߣȫ𣬳
ĿֱҶϣһֱ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰȻһȭͶҶ˹ȥ
Ҷ˫΢Уһ̣УȻ͵һն
䣡
ҶеĽһҶʮǿʮɡһĨҪٴγ֣ʱҶȴʧԭأٴγʱѾڿӵǰͬʱһ˿ӵü䡣
ʱӲڶ
˵ˡ廹壬һûĶ֣ڣ˰ɣʱ֮ͻȻһ
ӶҶ˱ȭȻ˵һԡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ϶߽˹֮С
֮УֻһŮӣŮʱҶʱһ㶣ôܡǡ


1303 ɱˣ
Ҷ϶ǰһȹòԼֻʮꡣüۣ񣬵ȻׯЩȴ͹£Ͷ䣬һ˿ĹӺݡ
ǰһЩݲݣƽǰһһɫϣһ˿˿кǶ׻֮С

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࣡Ҷ
һҶһĨЦ⣬ȷʵ࣬ͬ࣡
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Ϣŵ˵е㻰Ҽ򵥵˵һºˡ֪帹أɽ֮СҵҷҲȡҼ޵壬Ϊ󡣶ҪΪ󣬿ɲһ򵥵أЩûҪ˵ˡ

Ҷ˫΢Уڲˣ
΢΢һ٣ܿͻָˡ
Ҷ
磬޷һվлΪһ졣
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ǶϲƺΪ󣡡ЦҲôƺҡ
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Ц棬Ҳı䲻ʲôڸʱ䣬ܹı䣬ڣˡֱԣǶңǶ壬㶼ɴвǡ
ҶĬΪԷ˵Ĳûм١Ҫ࣬ѵܹ壿𣿾뽣鶼ܡˣ
ʱֵ˵Ҫ࣬û˵ΪʲôҪô
Ҷҡҡͷ
ЦЦȻ˵Ϊδࡣԣǰδڣǲ룬Ѿ׼ˡ
ҶҡҡͷǸֱӵˣʵǲϲĨǡ壬̽ĵϸиԭ򣬾֪빥࣬ʲôĿġҲҵұڻáֱ棡
һҶĬϢȻһ˵꽣޼أ޼֮󣬴ﱻãʱﻹδɳˣû̫áڣѾɳܿͻ᳹׳졣˵Ҫһˣмܹͻߣﵽ֮ϣ
ԣҶͫ΢ﵽ֮ϣ
ﵽ֮϶˵ûʲôջΪŰۣ֮ϣеԶǣ½ЩϹ˵һ޷ܾջļޣҲ˵˭ﵽߺ󣬵ȴľ
أȴҪһѳ˭ģ˭ģڣܹͻƵı֣ô̵ס֣Ӧ˵Ϊⶫ˾ԻѡֶΡ
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ΪıҲϧ
ҶһһʣҵʵȻǿҪ忹⣬Ӧûǲİɡңǿ߼֮Ӧûвٲࡣǣǻôˡգǻʲôƣ
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Ҷɫһ䣬ŮˡȻԷЦ⣬ֱȴǸԷԲڸЦĸȳ֣Իô
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о仰
Цм޼漦޹湷Ѿ޸壬ڣҾˡңҷ񣬼ȻҷǾҵΪ롣Ǿ仰Ǹȶ֣ؽ㾡ȫ塣նݣҪأ
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ɱ飡ң壬Ǵ½ֻʣ壬ò˶ãͻָԪ
ôа壬壿Ҷʡ
ЦĺŽᣬǳŽᣬ֮䣬ʤ֡ǣŽ𣿱ңܹϺ˶û˽ģЭҪ壬ȷʵѺѡǣŽ𣿲Ƕ˽ģԼСžţ޷۳һɡܣһ£ȫǲ˿ԥ
Ҷҡҡͷû˵˵ʲô˼Ѿ˵ĺˣ岻壬Ͳ֡ûë
֪Ϊʲô˵ô𣿡ʱȻ
ҶԸꡣ
ĿҶϣΪ಻һҸоó޲ûж⣬СŮ޾ͿԿΪ壬͸ɱ뷨ң㵽
ҶһȻһȥ壬Ȼҵ뿪壬ҲὫˡ
Ȱñô
ȣ岻ĻΣôҵһŹ㣬ʵҪӣӵ壬ҿ϶κβ㡣ǣЩأǶΪԼпҵʵǱҪǿ࣡
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ĶԣҲ㷸ˡҪĻȥ˵ͼı죬Щſ϶ţᱻͶ壬ʱҵĴ£ǺֶܻܿԽǧɱ֡
ǽǧɷˡ
ʱͻȻ߰ɣټʱӦþǵˡ
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼһ⣬ǸСŮ˭


1304 壬ˣ
СŮ
΢΢һ漴ݸһЦʣõĵҲʡĭС䣬һСŮ

Ҷ˫΢У򣿡
΢΢һЦӦǣҲǺҲûʹҰСÿˣɱѽƢɲһı꣬УЩµĲңҪ֪ңܵͷ
ҶЦЦѾˣ
𣿡
ЦЦֻףˡ
Ҷһ󣬵ϣǲҪΪˡȻǰŮ˺ƽ׽ˣӦ˵ǺܺͰףǣɲɵΪԷûʲô¡ܹƹ壬һ
ϣһȻɣЦ
Ҷ΢΢ͷǡ
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
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Ϊʲôɱ
ʱһͻȻڴ֮˵֮ǰСŮ
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֪ԭģСŮ
֮У˶о޴вһǸϼһҲ֪綼бĿģֻҪ岻ȥǣǲ֮µġʣµһҶ𣿡
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ǻܹɱ𣿡СŮ
СŮߵ˵⣬ԶʣʣмƯİơΣǻḶܴĴ۰ң˵ţȻд컯ˣĵƣܱȽӡҪֲóȻ֣˿ɱʧء
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СŮֱ󣬵ԸȻպΪ
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뿪ǺҶ϶СȥȻȫ˵ĻֲɵԷ˵ЩָѪƴȻ֮ǣҿ϶вɸ˵Ŀġ
Ǻȷ֪˵ǰȡıôҿ϶
֮ܶ빥࣬ͼı죬뽣˻ǧɱ󶼲Ǻ¡رǧɱУҲˡֻһˣ֮ﶼȥǣǧɱԼˣһŪãǧɱ뽣˽֮֡
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ҶһСŮĵ棬ò˵Ǻöõӳֽ⣬Ժܷ񡣵ǣСȥȻǲᡣ
ҶҡҡͷУѣˣκζܹȵģ𣿡
СŮһҶӲ𣿡
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Ҷԣ϶һۣ顣ҶʱϲҶһҶûнԴûΪġһֱҶĸ飬ռУǸ
Ҷһ˽ˣͬʱҲһԭˡţСֻһͨСһҲǲСȥСŮġ
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СŮû˵ˣֱֱҶСŮҶʱ䱸ƢСŮɲһƲ磬Էôû׼ǲҪɱ˶ᱦˡ
ϵСŮûг֣óһöɫӣ͸Եģ˵ԺҪˣңкܶܶࡣ˵꣬СһƣöɫӶʱɵҶǰ
ҶһСŮԥ£͸ģ϶ǲҪģǣԷ͸С׵ģ֪С׿϶ҪС˵ǲ븴ӵģֻҪϲģҪ
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СŮһҶߡ
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ҶתͷһСŮûб˴
˭ңСŮЦ
һһƨɴף
Ҷ˵꣬Ե϶һֱʧʡ
ѾʧʵҶСŮǵЦַˡĹЦ

Ҷû嶺϶Լٶʩչ죬Щǵõˣû
һʱҶ뿪壬µƬɳĮƬɳĮʱҶüͷʱΪ߾ͷɽ֮ϣľ޴ڹܣ֮ࡣ
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ʱһͻȻɽ˳
¡
䡭
Щ޴ڹ֮УͻȻһ޴ɫɫͬǻʣûȺɽ֮С
һĻҶ΢΢һ壬ˡ


1305 ңһŪ㣡
ڴ֮ǰûȫĻڣòˡ
ҵ⡣ҶʵĲȻǲŵģҿ϶ʵġǣ֪ʵ£ǻսʲô
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ʱ˶ҶԿ壬Ҳֻܸң
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ԭأҶĬƬ̣Ȼһʧԭء
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ڷ嶥ıԵҵǿߣңǵǿߡʱ˵ĿⶼԶʡ
ʣûԶɽ֮УɲǼ䣬ԶһĺͬʱЩɽȻһ̳˲ǽԶʸû
Уӿɫ䱸ڵ֡ȻȻǣûǿ߳֡
Ƭ̺΢΢̧𣬶ʱɽ֮ϵЩ޴ڹܿʼ
£
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һԣǧԥ£Ȼ峤᲻ἤŭ壿
컹û˵һԵԪϱǿڵ峤⻰˵ĿɾЩЦˡ屾УȻУǾǲһزˣȻҪΪǿ
ЦԪԼǣȻעҪһսΪǲ֣ȨȴֻǴڱ
ǧһ죬΢΢漴ֵ峤һеɻǾǣΪҪ壿
ǧĻһЩ˶ʱ죬ҲǺĵطΪδ˵ԭҪ壬ܵиɰɣ
˫΢УЦû˵ǿһһԵԪϡߵЦ֣ʵҲǿЦ࣬ı졣Ҫ壬Ҫ𣿡
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ԪЦôûɣ½ֻ壬壬Ǵ½ģɹ𣿡
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ɫը˲һƬ𺣣ص塣ɫһݣΪֻ֮ϾȻŻ档ڴԼϢǻűɢʱѾѪģ

ʣһǸŮЩۣȴŨŨĲм뼥
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ĬΣȻǿڹעߣǵ˸޷ȥ
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֪ǧ˿Ԫӡ
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ǧյԪ˵ܴͶ壿ҶʲôͶ壿Уڳ˶֪ǲϣԣҪǣЩСϷȻֻ˿㣡
ǣԪҳϣȷʵǧɱвСĳޣǣʱ̣Ϸ»ִ֪ġУҶѾȥôãٶȣ㹻嶼һˣȻڣȴһϢûУ£ѵ𣿡
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ǧЦֻ֪ȥȴֻͷڹһȻһЩ˵İϷ

ԪһŭȣȻ˾㵵Ŀ֮УֱһǧձȥͬʱԭһԳĬƼҼ飬ؼҵҲͻȻǧԼˮűȥ
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˶סΪû뵽Ԫ˻ͻȻ֡
ԪϵͻȻԼ˳֣ǧˮɫȻ䣬˵ԪһʼĿĸָҶҪɱֻҪɱ壬ǧɱ߾ǿ߾ֻʣҶʱҶһ˵ʵ޷ڶв
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Ůû˿ԥذףϳ֡
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Ů󾪣ҪתʱĹɿֲ߾ͻȻѹŮϣŮʱĹƸѹȥʱؼҵߵѾǧˮŵĺס
һĻһԵԪǷһĨЦݣؼͬҲЦ
ǧˮǳ˾ɱ֣潻ֱڶԷ߾ǿΧǣһϹＶߣεеĹǿɲҶ
뵽ҶǧǶʱһĨЦݣΪ֪Ҷ϶ΪǱ
ˣ
ʱһͻȻڳ
СģһԣԪϴ󾪡
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ҶͻȻָ죬ұ졣죬ǸңһŪǣ


1306 ȥ壡
ԣɫʱû뵽ҶͻȻ֡ԪͻȻ֣Ȼ֪ģΪҲ˼ĿȻҶֻҪɱ䣬ǧɱ壬߾ǿ߾ֻʣҶ
ʱҪҶͼ򵥶ˡңΪͬ⣬ˣԪһƼңԼؼҶʾԸԺΨհ˵ɱǧˮŶ˵һáҶȽǧˮţҶһ¼ҹˣΣ
һжˣǣû뵽ҶͻȻ֡
ҶĻһ̣Ҳɫһ䣬Ϊûˡ
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ҶЦЦЦЩ֮ǰô˵ģ˵ᱣ֤ǧɱ˻£ô˵ģ԰ɣ
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쿴ҶҶԪͻȻǧɱ֣ǵĲǣǡ
Ҷ˰֣Ļ֮ǰʱ˵岻ڶ˭֣ұضŹڣϲˣɣҳְɣòǣҿ԰æ
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ȥ壡
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һԣҵ߾ǿɫһ䣬ǵ֣Ǹ岻֡ΪʱҶٶѾ쵽Ǹ׽Ӱ֮УǸ޷˭Ҷ˭졣ǣֻܿţ
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һըƾڳ쳹ʿռһţҶЩӰֱʧͬʱҶУʱɡ

Ҷͣһ̣ԶͻȻһҽæĿҶƿ˲ҽԴڲԶ˳ؼߵһǰһߵĺֱһذס
ܿ죬ǧˮʧ˳УûܹڸܵŮϢ
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쿴ҶΣȻˣҲϻˡҶһ˲ţֻҪԸϴҽԼһһǣҿԡ
ҪǲԸأҶٴδ˶ԷĻ
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ǷһĨΪͿڣ⣬ҡ˵⣬ɫͻȻһ䣬ţ㣬ôġ֣ԭǳ֮µĽƾȻͻȻʧȥϵ
ҶĨ˽ƣ
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ʮߣ
ԶҶŤŤӣ񣬡
£Ҷͷ֮ϵĽӡȻһ۵Ľââ֮õó֮˽Բֱӡ


1307 ɣǸɣ
䣡
һɿֲĽƾճ˳УɽֺǳҶ˵ʮֱӱɽ˵ǧ֮⣬ԱߵЩ߾ǿҲسˣֱ֮Զ˲ͣ
д󺧣Զ죬Ϊɽ⣬Բ޾֮ϵĽ⣬Ǳ޾֮ϵĽ⻹ߵĽ⣡
ǽӡܹ⣡
ʱһǿҶͷϵĽӡϣڲ
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ӡ
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ˣҵǿ߻Ԫɫѿ
ֻ޾֮ϵĽ⣬ȻвҲֻвڣҶ⽣ܹѹκˡ
ҶûйԪҵˣǿһԵǧգǧɱߣȥ½
ʵ֮ǰôίߣȻ취뿪塣ıҵ飬ҵıҲֻ壬ԣ뷨ֻҪǧɱ뿪飬κϣ
û뵽ҾȻԪҵҪɱǧɱˡ֮ǰҪǻһ㣬ǧ˱ضѾɣҶףҲ壬ҶȻѾʼ֣ʲô
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ʱһվ˳ŭȵΪʲôط߾͡
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ҵ˼άǣҵĵ̣ʱǧɱ˱ɱҶҲֻһҪңΪʱҶֻһˣҶңԪ˵Ķ֡ͬģԪҲҪңΪûҵĬǾ޷ɱǧɱߡ
֮ҵһƽԡǣȻҶƢҶһӣһʲôʵǿķӣ˵ߵ塣
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ʱԪҲλҿҶѾ߷ĿľΪ˴ڲ߽ǡǿ嵽ڶûг֣϶ڵڲҡ˵⣬ӴָҶѾ壡
ԪϵĻԱߵЩŵüͷʱƽĶۣԪ˵Ҳ޵
ʱڵˮϹվ˳λΣǶ壬ʱ廢ʵڲӦڼڶ֮ǰ飬ȷʵһᣬʵûҪΪһһú̸̸壬ûйȥĿ
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Уǧ֪
һᣬǧҡҡͷңڿ˵Ҫڶڶȴǡ

ǧյ˴ǧɱһ·񱼣ǾҪ뿪ǰ½ĩճǡ
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϶ͫһҪȻȴķ֣ٶȾȻޱȵ
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һڳ쳹϶ھѪȻ׹£˵֮С


1308 ±ӣ϶
ȽǣȥҶ
£΢΢һпռʱһŤǧյ˴󺧣ΪǷ֣ʹǽ޷޷ٶȷ·𱻷һٱһһҪϢʱ䣡

Ǵʱǧյ˵ͷ
ʱüͷͻȻһ壬Ŀ·ʱһ֮ǰ϶׹ĵطȥ
Ҷ
Ҷǧյ˶ʱһ
·Ҷߵ֮У֮еҶޱ飬˫ȴǲڲʱ϶ұѾ߸ϣһѪӡ֮⣬϶ʱȫĹѾ飡
⻹صģص϶ʱϢǳ·һ̾Ҫ
ʱ䷨򣬰ĭСĻ˵ǶԷ߾ǿߡ϶ǿǿռͨôܳܵһ߾ǿһ
Ҷ϶ԣֳ϶ȥȻָսӴ϶壬϶һ飬¶һʹı顣ȫ飬ϾҲϣ˵һ£Ǳ紵һĵۡ
ϾҶҶʹѾߣǣȫĺܣ
ʹ϶Ҷ˴漴ˮֹס˳˫ƽ϶ϣûнӴ϶壬һֵľ룬Ȼ϶ӿȥ壬϶Ϣʱ΢ȶһЩ
ʣʱҲϵ˳С
壡΢΢һ
΢΢ͷȻ·ҶҶʴȣһĻᣬֻҪԸ⽻ԼһһǣԸŹ㣬ŮԼЩȻ˵֮ա
ƽĶۣҶţôɱˣʵеϧܹΪЧ˵½պҾⶼһϯ֮ء
ǿȽ޼ĳ
ԣ壬˲Ͷġ
ߵ֪ǻԡ˵ţҶҶеˣǽ˶ҷұز㣬ң֮⣬κ˵
˶ҶȴҶĻش
·ھ£ϢѾָһЩҲָࡣ֮⣬϶Ҳˡ
ԲˣҶḧ϶ǻЩ׵ա
϶סҶ֣Ҳ¼㡣ԣһҪţһҪš
ҶҡҡͷΣұ֤ˡҿԱ֤ˣһŪһģϧһдۣ
˵ţָָԼǰȥˣǾһ𣡡
϶ҶãԭΪұǿˣ԰ﵽˡǣȴֻһȥս϶ǲǺûã
Ҷḧ϶գ¶һ˿ЦݣԺۣԣȥҺܿҪˡ
϶Ҷȥϵˮֻأ±ӣһ϶£ֱӻһϹûҶǰ
ҶһȻ̧ͷˣʱΪ׵ߣҶ֮ǰ˵ȻЧֻҪͶң㱣֤ҵĵλˣңԺ󻹻ͻƵߣߣڤ粻飬ҽջɱǧɱԼˣ
Ҷ˫΢գĬϢͻȻۿһԵǧյˣߣ
ǧյ˶Ҷ΢΢һȻһԶȥ
߲ˣ국
𣿡
Ҷ꣬һ̣˫ͻȻ죬ˣȫڿʼ죬ת˲һɴ̱ǵѪζ˳СʱҶѾһƬѪ
һĻ˫΢УɱˣʱڴҲ֪Ҷ˼ˡԣҶͶȻҶͶֻˡ
˵˵ͷһԶǧյ׷˹ȥʱһѪâͻȻԵص׳Ѫâ֮˲䱻ȾѪһƬ
˴󾪣Ҫͣ赲ҶʱȴͻȻȥԸЩɱ֡
£ǰ̤һ΢΢һɲǼ䣬ԶǵѪɫ˲䱻ԭء
ʱ䷨
һĻһɣڹҶԶȥʱһصͻȻ˳Уصֺԭ궨ԭصѪɫͻȻһѪâһ̣һǧ֮⣬һ߾ǿԴֱӷ˳ȥ
˴󺧣ǹϷ׷ɱǧյˣ໥£䱸ĿԶȫɢźâҶ
ôܡ
ʱԶŵĿԶҶ㣬ôѹҵķ򡭡˵⣬뵽ʲô˫۶ʱԲ㣬֮˽򣡡
˵Ȼһ˿

֮ǳԽһз֮
𺳵ԸӣȻû뵽ҶȻ;˽Ҫ֪Ľ޼Ҷͣɶû򰡣
ԶҶֳѪü䣬һѪɫɿţÿһɿѪâû˿ϻҲûҪڷϻһ̣ҶһѪ͵һɿȻҶ˻һѪâʧԭء
СģԶ󾪡
¡
ͣ
һѪɫһһ߻δع֮ʱǶü䣬ǿ˫۶ȻԲȻʬʧԭء
ѹԶæ
ʮһ߾ǿ͵رԼƣȻҶλѹȥ
ʮһƳʱһɽҲƾճ˳Уɽֺʮһ߾ǿƶʱһᣬͻȻɫ䣬ΪǵʮһƾȻڰˣ
д󺧣û뵽ʮһ˵ƾȻѹסҶĽ⣬ѹסӷҪѹ
סһᣬҪɣԶһ߾ǿǿΪʱ䷨򣬵ڣʱ䷨ҶѾûЧˣҶûʤ㣬ϾҶĽ⣬ѾȫߵĲΡ
ǣҶضⷴɡǿ⻹Ǿ磬һʱߣ˿̵Ҷһʱ䵽Ľָʱضᱻⷴɡ
ΪʱҶ͸֧Լ
꼻һ֣
𿴴ʱҶһʵ꼻һ֣
УҶ˫۽գüͷҲţϣѾһ˿ʹࡣԼֲ˶ˡܿҪɣ
ӣ
ӣ
ûеطӣΪЩ˲ŹӣһˡȻǻᣡ
ˣҶɫ˲͵ۣȻֳǰһգٽ磡
£Щ벽Ԫʱʼ


1309 ɱɱ
벽Ԫٽ磡
Ҷٽ벽Ԫ϶ɼӿ죬û취ʱѾûбѡڵֻѡּ˵ķʽȻȥöԷ֣ԼҪⷴɸŪɲзϣ
⿪ʼŨһ̣˶ʱɫ䡣ǲ֪ҶʲôǺʣΣգǳΣգ

û˿ԥ˳ȥʱ
䣡
һɿֲͻȻҶǰϯȥһ֣˵߾˲䱻ޣΪûü˵ֱӱͬʱҶǰǧڵĿռǺȻ
Ȼδ
ǲǲ
ԲڵĿռͻȻѿֱ۴ֵĿռѷ첻ϳӶȥֻһ˲䣬һƬĿռֱӹѳ֩״
֮ǰǵֱֲǧ֮⣬Ϊռˣʱ˶ڿռڶ֮Уռڶɶּǿ˵ûʲôв
޸ռ䣡У
£֣֣ռ˲Ǳ޸Ȼʱȴɫ䣬Сģ
£һѪâǳ˵УѪâٶȼ죬Ѿ쵽ˡ
˻ë֣ʱһֱӼӲü䣬һϸСѪɫʱѪͬȪһǽ֮мת˲ʬʧԭء
ͬʱѪ֡

һԣŭ˫һУǧڵĿռʱ΢΢һţһз·𶼱סʱ˿ˣʱҶѾһߵǰֻвľ룡
ڼҶĽֻֻʱɫֱӱŵĲҰ֣ܻûӦͱҶһնɱˡһһصͻȻ˳С
ţҶˡ
ͣ
Ѫɫֱûߵü䣬˫Բšܿ죬֮еɫʽɢţʬֱʧԭء
ҶһԣɫԭΪʩչʱ䷨򣬿Ծߣʱ䷨˲ͱҶĽѹˡһΣ֮Ŀֲ޷Կ֮ʱ䷨У
ԶҶһɱߺɫʼŤһĻһԵ˶ʱһϲ֣ⷴɣ
£Ѹٳ꿿£ͬʱ߾ǿٴͷųԼƣһΣû߹ȥҶһεϵǵǰ
ǵǲ֣Ǹҳ֣ҶٶѾ쵽˷ָ꣬˭֣˭Եһ֡һ뵽ҶٶȣǳӶˡҶΪʲôôٶȣΪ
˲֮ҶҶ˽⣬Ҳôֲƫƫˡ˵Ҷ֮ôֲһֹ͡
ڵĲֹ죬һԵԪϡ֪Ҷô̬ôֲǾΪһԪ߶ҶΪеġҶΪе³ǣԪֻʣһˣ˵Ԫˡ
ҪԪңҪǧ꣬ãΪһߣɲǶ̶ʱܹģ
֮Ԫˡ
ԪһԶҶɱʵʡڣֻ뱨
Уûг֣ȫԴ˵ҶѾǿ֮ĩֻҪҶܷɣҪɱҶ׾٣
ԶҶ˫۱ţüͷ壬ѾʼŤΡͬʱΧİ벽ԪҲĿ
һĻԶ˶ʱһϲΪ֪Ѿڿʼˡ
׼һԣ
˵˵ͷʼӿʱ׼֡
ԼϢҶͻȻһʹĵţеѪͻȻ׹ȥ
һĻһԵ˴ϲҲǷһĨЦݣһӣ֣
æȥԼƣȻҶ˹ȥʱԶҶͻȻ۾һƬѪâнͬʱ΢ԭ׹ѪͻȻɻصУһ̣Ҷֱʧԭء
Сģû⵽ɣ
Զ󺧣ֽճȭȻ͵һȭҶλú˹ȥ
䣡
ԶҶԭվλֱӱȻҶȴѾʮɿ⣬һҽȻתͷȥ˫۶ʱΪʱҶѾҵһߡȻˣ
Ҷһӣʬ屻һ̣ҶҽͶգһƬѪâڴ˻һѪɫʧԭءʧһ̣˶ʱŵĻɢڵҶǾɱ˭˭
֮ǰǰ㣬û˿⣬ֵһ̣һǿ彩Ӳü䣬һ۵Ѫɫ
һ䣡
ֻʣߣҲ˵һΣҶ߾ǿߡ
߶ǵߣ
ڵѪ
壬óҵǿôȥỵĴ¡

俴һ죬ô˾ͰˣУˣҽΪЦңǽô˰ȻȥƻָߴﵽߣʱҽҲκβ
컹˵ʲôǵѾǷ֮ɫʱҪ˵ĻȥʵҲȥȥҪ澡ʧңҵſ϶Ҳ½ǣȥҶ֪֮Ҷô裬ǾͬԪϵ˶ǧɱֵģ
ΣҾɱҶҲǿˣ
ǿʱһԵһߺȻ
ԣ˳ҶȥֻʱҶͷ󺹣沿Ť嶼ھҲͬʱ˻оҶΧЩ⾹Ȼ
ڷˣ
һϲгһĨ˷뼤ôãôˣڵȵҶ⵽ɣβ˷ܣβ
𣿡һԣʡ
ҡҡͷȵȵȣ
˵ͷʵҲеҶװ˵ʣµļ߶¡
Ҷ
ԶҶԽԽΧĽҲԽԽȻⷴɣȴǻǲҳ֡ҶЩˡʹ꣬ҲǼɵѡ
ʱһһȥʱҶΧĽѾ׻ָ
֣굱ϡ
ʱԶҶȴͻȻ۾һĻԭҪֵ˶ʱƤһͣԭء
֣Ѿˣ
˵꣬һȳҶ˹ȥ
һԵҲԥҶ˹ȥ
ԶҶ˫ۻһֻ̣˯š
ʱϹҶǰû˵ֻӵҶȻҶ
Ҷ۾һԶߣֿ˿е϶
϶
϶
϶
һ̣Ҷ͵һҧԼ⣬ҵʹõԴ˲ࡣֽ϶ֳǰ̽ȼ
¡


1310 磬Ƕ
䣡
Ҷ£һɿֲͻȻҶ̰ͬ㱩ӿǳҶֱӱس˽ɡ
˴󾪣
ʱҶȻŤţȻʱܷ˵ʹࡣϣɢŵĻâͬʱϢڱǣ
ϢԽԽǿ
ط磬ֹһԣ󺧡ҶֻǰۣʵȴѾ˵Ŀֲﵽߡ
û˿ԥֳǰһ̽ȻҶ͵ؾһץɲǼ䣬һֱֻҶǰĿռ˳ȻҶ϶ݺݵץ˹ȥҪ˷顣
һԵҲûţ֡һ뵽ҶﵽߣͷƤ飡
ʱҶͻȻ۾
䣡
ҶٴαһɿֲƣƱ֮ǰƶҪǿֱֻӱޡ
ߣ
ҶﵽߣͫȻһʱѾ˲ʲôˡֻ֪ڲܾԶˡ
£ֱתһʧʡ
˷Ӧڼ곷ʱŻعһ̣ʶء
ߣ
Ҷﵽ˵ߡ뵽⣬ͷƤһ飬Ȼ׷תӡʱԶҶͻȻˡֵĽ˹ʣȻ͵ذνһն
ˣ
쳹һεĽһ쳹һ̣ҶΧĿռֱӹѿͬʱһҶ֮м
߰ٵնν
Զһ߻δعͱһһȻڿС䡱һը˿ֱӻޣǵȴǻδʧǰȥ;֮ռ
һĻ˱ŵĻɢæǵ˵Ŀ֮Уʧʾͷĺ棬һĳռѷ죬ռѷһֱʾͷ
һĻɫǰ
ʱԶһ쳹
ʱһΪ֪ҪˡѾܹģֵܹġʵһʼӣ֣ҪҶĽ̫ѡ
ǣڼҶﵽߺѾȫʱûһ㷴ͷеֻӣƴӣ
Ž쳹һȴһΪš
תͷȥԶԪϵֱӽӲûйԪϣ¶Ψһŵະߣ
£˽ٶ˼£գۼѾ֮⡣Ȼӵô죬˻Ȼž֣ºн𡣺ܿ죬һΪûд
ȻнˣΪʱҶѾˡ
УҶȫڲͬһ㡣ͷϵĽӡҲŲϲĽǿꡣ⣬ϢҲҵĺܡ
Ѿⷴɣǿȼ⣬ԼﵽߣһΣɵĿɾͲǵ꣬
˫طɣ
֮Իûлԣȫľһ־
϶ǰܻԣ
ƾ־ܹ֮ǰⷴɵ£ܹնߣҼֵڶûлԡ
Ҷģ϶ڵѪҶңңߡ
£ֱӴҶһϹʧԭء
塣
УڴſڵͻȻ۾ǷһĨЦݣʮߣʮһˣǺǡҶȥһȷѡ񡣡˵ţ̧ͷʣ̵סô߶֣Щ˼
ҶǱȻˣԣĭС
ЦЦĺء˵⣬ɫˣţʱ䣬Ƭ½ûܹĶ֡ȻǵС䡣
ĭСֱϵɫСߣȻȻϲǣ츳ǿʹڴ磬ҲܹƵšȻңвСࡣΪѪͼɾվޣܹͻѪȻվֻţǣԼͻѪѣǳѡʹųƽǸһҲû
Ѫü΢
ĭС䵭ţܹ֮ڶ̶ʱھͽߣߣŬ⣬һԭǾѪңܹ֮ôС;ʹﵽڵĳ̶ȣܴһԭҵѪ
ĬϢȻҶܹ˶̵ʱʹﵽߣԶ˿ֲʵǲѪҲܸ߼
ĭСüһĬΣûиоѪ⣬һûоѣûǿѪǡ
ʲôʡ
ĭСѪҸ߼Ҹоǣǲܵ顣ΪƬ棬ûκһ˻ѪҸ߹󣬼ʹ壬Ҳ񡭡Ѫƽѣ
˵ĭС֮гױȵ
ĭСǺţҲܸ߰ģǣȴװ߲˵ĸоǣӦôţӦô
һĭС䣬ȻĭС䲻ԼݣǸˣˣȥʡ±иȣȣѺܾܿͱɵˡ
󻺻ߵĭСԣȻĭСֳȥͬʱڳϿ𣺡ʮңʮϢҪǣдﵽ۽׵׼ȵҵ
˵꣬ͷ˿ĭС䣬Ц磬Ƕġ

塣
Ҷ壡
ص˵ĵһ仰ܿ죬ҵ£Ҷ壬Ͷ鴫½
Ҷûб壬ûȥ⣬ΪҶô˵
һ̣˿ʼҶеԷȥѰҶҪΪڵ֪ҶɱʮߺЩҪΪ˶ʱʧˡ
ֻ֣ܶܶˡ
һ˲䣬˶Ҷǧɱн˶û⡣
Ϊ¼˹Ҷʱ
϶ҶһƬɽ֮УҶھʯϣ岻ϳ鴤ţҰֽŤλֲ
ǻ˻ãƫƫţҶ˵ʱʹĪڴˡ
Ҷԣ϶Щ޴룬Ϊ֪ôҶԣԸҶʹ࣬ǲԡ

ֻܿҶʹࡣ
ʱҶ۾϶۵϶Ұ׵¶һЦݣʹһ£ܿͻȥˡ
϶û˵һᡣ
ҶǷһĨɬǿ⣬Ȼȼս磬һΣҪ䣬ǾҲҲҪ䰡
Σˣ
ô죿
⣬簡


1311 ȥͷժ
ǽ䣬Ǿ䣬Ҷ˵һصĴΪζʵ½ڣпܽ뾳綼䡣
һ뾳ͬʱ䣬Ҷ˵һѣ
һΣǻѡȼģ뽣ܱĺá
ҶһȻ˫ۻȴŽ뾳ĵ䡣ʱĽ⻹Ҳǵߡ֪ܿͲˡ
ʱҶͻȻüͷһ壬ΪڵСתһ¡һ˲ҶæϾʯҶڲΪСҪҪҲ˵СҪ뵽⣬ԭѾȼϣ
϶㶣ȻæóϾʯιҶϢҶҡҡͷУ̫ˡ죬С׳
Ҷ£϶æһӣʱС״Ҷǰð˳ʱСȻ˯ֻ۾Ǳŵġ
϶һѱסСףС׵ƨɣȻָҶ죬ԽԽãԽԽã
С۾϶ɫգգۣȻ˳϶ֿҶҶĲʱʱһ飬Ȼһ˵ҶǰԴϲҶţ·˵ôˡ
ҶЦãֻܿ
æСףȱޣҪҪܶܶ
С̧Сצ˲Լ۽ǵˮûԥȻɵҶǰСֱסҶգСӡҶ죬ţҶ϶㵵Ŀ֮УһɹʵʻС׿гҶзӿȥ
Ҷ۾ʱԲΪĶۿɼٶͣæȵĿ϶϶æСױ
Сգգۣǲ⡣
ȣ
Ҷһʱһð˳СףЦЦ̫̫ˡȲҪôࡣ
ղһ½ڣű
СС¶һõЦݣȻַɵҶǰȻҶϣȻҶӿȥ
壬СжʱתţЩСĸɸɾܿ죬һ˿˿С˳ЩѸٱҶաԽԽĺգҶ֣ڷĳֱ仯
ǣ绹ǵ䵽ˡ
Ҷϲǣ䵽ʱûڵˡԭƣһܻܿ䵽ʥߣΪǰȼ磬Ȼ󱻷ɣһ磬ߺü硣ھȻûе
ûе
Ҷϲ䵽ʥߣľͺڰˡҪ֪ǻҪ磬ҪȥҵŮġʥߣô磬ôȥҵŮеԶ˵ģ¶޷ˡ
ãûе
ʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬ΪĽ⿪ʼڷ仯
Ҫ䵽޾
ҶһСп԰æȶľ磬޷ȶⰡ
ӡ
ҶͻȻ뵽˽ӡæ߶ӡʱӡ˳ӡֺҶϲĽ⿪ʼȶܿ죬ΧĽԽԽȶû»ļ󡣴Լ˲ʱҶһ
ȶˣ
ǽ⻹Ǿ綼ȶˣ
ҶһȻǰСףЦЦСףΣʵĶСףΪСṩôСпϰæ¶Ϊľǿȶģ϶䣬ʱСж졣
СױҶԴҶգҶû£Ҳ¶Цݡ
һԵ϶ҲһȻߵҶԣҶ֣֮ǰǰĵġҶûˡ
Ҷһ϶ֿһСףȻЦûˣ֪֮ǰǸ״̬ǰ϶СŵĲᣬر϶϶顣
϶СһᣬҶڵأȻС׵İ£ܿǻָҽԼ״ָ̬۷塣
Ҷվ϶϶ϣһǳǳĺӡ֮ǰµġӡҶɫ˲֮ǰɱ꣬ǣʵǿһɱ꣬һض˷ʱ䣬ǸʱҪľʱ䡣
ԣʱûѡɱꡣȼսﵽߣʵɱʱԷȴܵıӻ죬ɱ
϶סҶ֣΢΢ҡͷѾˡ
Ҷһ϶գΣһĨߣ˵ţס϶ֳԶȥ
⣬ⲻǻ½⣬Ҫȥģ
ȥѴͷժ
϶
塣
壬һ֮Уλ·ǵˣԣֻʣˡΪԪңƼңؼҵ߶Ѿ⡣
Щء
ҶնɱʮߣѾʲôܡҲ˵ԪˡڣС֮һΣĿˡ
ʵǵ˶һЩģΪԪϵ˶ǧɱ֣Ҷ϶ᷢġ˵ھҪܴһΡʱȻ˵ġ
ѾԪˣڶҷѣûϣˡһ壬˵ļҵףЩ˶һ
ҪŽʱ
ʱͻȻ߽˴֮УɫЩѿ
ô꿴ࡣ
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˫ֽɨһ۳ˣλǿ粻֣֣ƫƫʱҪ֣ΪʲôΪҶҶѾױ壬֮ǰҳ֣˼
ǧ˳ĬɫҲЩѿҶͶ壿ҶͶ壬Ƕ˵һѡ
Ҫ֪Ҷʵ⣬ǧɱ뽣ˣҶǿǲСġرҶǧɱҪɱ˭ס
뵽⣬ĸӳˡ
ʱͻȻվλȰڣԣҾȳˣҶȻȫԸ壬Ȼ忪սҶڱͱӵĻλӦò뱻һȺɱڰпӰɣ
ҷԣ
ʱһԵǧվ˳֣ϾҪ֣ȥˣҶض⵽ǰлһǸӲԣǵҪǷ壬壬壬ȥҶ𣡡
ͬԣʱڵˮϹҲվ˳Ҫס壡
꿴һۣȻλ˵λһսʱҶȺɱְ͵ϮǣǸΣ˵ôûܱ֤ᣡ
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ʱֵ㣬ǰȥץ½ЩˣȻЩҪЮҶ䡭
˵⣬ͻȻͻһ׳˳С
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1312 Ϯɱң
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ȻʱȴѾʧԭءʧһ̣ǵҲʧˡţΧռ΢΢һһƾһռ˳ǵһɴλã꣡
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Զ֮ϣ׹˸Ҷ߲Σߣη֣ڣҶսǱһ߾ǿǿѣԶԶв
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˫΢У˫ֻƣȻ͵سǰһϣֱӼסҶĽסҶĽ֮תͷ·ǵˣŭŸʲôɱҲ㿴ˣһ˵ʵ޷ɱҶΪʱ䷨Ҷûá
·ǵɱҶҶֻңǳ֣Ǿ͵ҶսҶԸʱ϶񱨸ǣ֣ôɱȥǿ߾ѾĲˡ
˶ʱЩԥˡ
ǵԥ˿ɲԥǳΨһ൱һҶȥ
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Сģ
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һĻɫ䡣
ʱǧվ˳Ҷ˱ȭСѣ֮ʣʱ˽˶Թһͬ塣ԪˣֱҶǣҶԸæԿ壬ˡ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿ʣ漴ǷһĨЦԿ壿ǳԶ𣿡
ҶĻɫʱޱѿ


1313 ڵң
Կ壿
ûңҶæԿ壬Ͼ£ûʲôôǣԾҹģҵĿľЩȥǣ塣Щƴǣʱȴıȡô飬Ȼȥ
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ֻǧɱ󣬶ǧɱ˶Ѿ򣬿˵Ѿûκǣҡ
ߣΪҪ壿
Ϊͼı죬ȡ˼ұΪ˵õıҲϧսȻߡ
ˣҶôȥæҶԿ壿
Ҷûгˣ俴һԶ꣬ʱԷҲڿڶԷУɱ֣ʵʡҶûٳ֣һʧԭء潻֣û취ɱԷ
ٴý磬ýӡ⡣ǣɲôˡ֮ǰã뾳綼ûһΣܾûôõˡ
ҶɫԽѿˡҶûнҪɱҶĲҪ̫Ҷ߾硣ǣҶнֱѹʱ䷨ûʱ䷨ҲͱͨǿһЩѣ
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ʱҲ˴󾪣æתͷȥֻһȺͬɽľԶ߳Щʵ̫󣬹߾ͽɣȫһɽ
Щ޵ϣźĺɫۼףرͷλãһʮɵļ񳤴̣
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Զ󣬹˰Σһӣ󷨣
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һţͻȻһ貹âܿ죬âɢɽ֮ϣһɫ֡ţ־һȻ͵رһɫŶ漤ȥ
ֻһ˲жɫƺˡ
ʱǿеǵ޴׶ͻȻʼתתٶԽԽ죬ȫһУЩɫ룬һᣬɫȫʧǾ޴Ҳͣ
ھ޴֮ϣһ㵭ɫ⣬Щɢ
ϣɫԽѿˡԾб󷨱ƣѵҪȥⲫɱ
ʵѷɫ壬֮ǰҶڶʵѾĲ֮ǰȥⲫɱġ
Ŀⶼϣҵĵ̣طӪôã϶ǻеƵġ
꿴·Щޣɫƽ֪ʲô
ԶƵϣĭСΪβֱӴȥ
ЦЦż
ĭСû˵
壬һĨЦݡ
ԽԽ壬ֻʣ²ʮɵľ룬ȴûκζ඼Ѿ׼ã͵һˡ
ܿ죬Ⱥɽֻвɵľ롣
ʱ
䡭
ʮͻȻԶҳгʮֱӻʣȥ
ʮߣ
ϣסһʮߣ
ԶЦһ̲ס𣿡


1314 ǲǳԷ೤ģ
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˫΢У˫һУΧռһȻһ޴ռѷǰܿ죬ʮû˿ռѷ֮С
·ϣͻȻڿն𣬵λǿͻϮӪɱ
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ԶƵϣĭСǷһĨ̧ҽһƵıʱƵֻһɿһʧԭء
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Զɫһ䣬ɫеҴ⣬ӿȻֻƳǰһģƳһɫȦʱ֮гǰɢɫȦٶȼ죬˲ǵɫײһ
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ֱףĭСʱһȻû뵽ԷȻӡԷ߾ǿ߰߾ǿ߰
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ԶСŮʱ˫ֵѾȫʧֻʣ°׹ǣԶ֫ȻǣȻ޷ָѪ⣡
ĿĭСеĽɫϣ⾿ʲô棿ղ˵һ㣬մĻǺ롣
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һĻǧɫ䣬ֱӷǰޣһʧԭأȻ뿪·ֱӱСҽûüֱӱճޡ
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˵Ŀ֮УĭСֳһɫ档
ʱ·ЩֱӷԼĶ֣Ȼ׷׳ߡЩ߲ĭСӲˣĭСҪɱǵĻǾһɱһ׼£ôҼ
һʼֻһЩӣܿ죬ԽԽӣϢ߾Ȼȫʼӡ


1315 ӣӣһӣ
ʵԭѾˣΪЩ۽޲ǣҪǿǣǺӣˣһ꣬ˡΪһգ
ԣʹ֪УǻǼսңҲϣϣǿЩߣ߳壬ֻҪЩܹǳоƽ˲Ťתǣʧˡ
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Щ߶СŮȫģ֮ûУ£˵ЩߣҲӣ
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Уǵȫ꣬ɫΪơ
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˵Ŀ֮УֱһھѪȻֱӱһǧɡ
󣡡
Զ޴󾪣һäŮȥ֣ĿֲȻäŮȴǿûޣֻһӣȻҶ㵵Ŀ֮Уֱӱǧ֮⡭
һԣҶ°Ͷˡ죬ްǵߣްһλޣȻôäŮһӾ͸˳ȥäŮжǿ
äŮҪٴγ֣ʱĭСͻȻäŮǰԶ˫ϣֱһɫһɫ档û˿ķϻĭС˫һףֱӴһĻβͳäŮ˹ȥ
äŮü΢Ĭһ˲˫ƽȻһգʱ汻ԭأʱĭСǰȻ˫ֽһӡɲǼ䣬͵رǣɲǼһɫһɫһڣֱӺäŮϡ
䣡
äŮλ˲仯һƬ𺣡
һĻĭСַЦȻܿ죬ЦݽסΪƬ𺣾Ȼšת˲䡱һƬֱӻޣȻäŮСʱäŮ֮ǰäŮһ¶ûУ
ôܣĭСäŮ㾹Ȼҵķĺ𣡡
äŮĭС䣬Щ⣬㾹Ȼӵд˵ԣ㲻Ǵ˽֮ˣףѪޣޣϵѪѪȡɱ𡭡ġ
ԣĭСͫ΢㾿˭Ϊ֪壡
ԶҲĭСԣĿҲäŮϣгɻмɵǰŮ˵ʵɲ⣡
äŮ֮£岢δ룬գһ˵һԵ󣬡̤˵أȡͷ
˵꣬äŮڹˣתȥ
㾿˭ʱĭСͻȻʡ
ڤ
äŮͷҲأǰߣһҶæȥǻкöö׼äŮء
ڤ
һԣü΢ȻûתͷĭС䣬ĭСɫʱʱסˡΪʱĭС۾Ĵģ֮Уš
ĭС𾪣ΪӼĭСһֱĭС䶼Ƿǳţң½һУָӵ̬ڣĭСɫǱ𾪵ˡ
ڤʲôʡ
ĭССֽգĬãȻתͷ󣬵ԺȻ˭ҲȲ㡣
üͷһ壬Сĭڤʲô
ĭС̧ͷʣһô֮ɫʮ¡˵⣬תͷ󣬵֪ʮλ¾ѣʱжֲ𣿡
˵⣬ĭСһֵʮۡ


1320 ʮۣ޵У
ʮۣ޵У
ĭСص
޵У۽һš
ĭС˵ͷ˫̧ȻһԲȦƬ棬ǧ磬ʮ¶ѣۣǧڣûκһܹǶԿⲻǴ˵ʵǣʵ
۹ʡ
ĭС΢΢ҡͷһ㡣
Ϊʲôʡ
ĭСв̫̫̫̫ˡ
ĬѾ뵽ĳֿܡ
ĭСû뵽طһλڤ£Ӧþʮ֮äŮäŮԭô
ʵʡ
ĭС΢΢ҡͷǣǰλʵǰ֮£
Ҳ˵֮ϣλλ£
ĭС˵ͷ
һݣäŮѾ˵Ŀֲǰλ
ĭСڶıȽأҲǵһйĴ˵˵֮Ϊʳۣۣ֮֮֮ǺֲܿģرǴۣܹ֮ܳصġ˵磬֮ҲܹԿġ
ĬãȻȻǴˣô
ĭСڴ磬ڤ䣬Ȼһҹ֮䣬ڤ¶ʧ˵ˣҲ˵ˣȥˡû뵽ҾȻյһλ¡Ҳ˵ĵ¶Ƭ棬Ϊǲֿġ
ǲǿ뿪طʡ
ĭС̧ͷ˿ʣʵǽƣǵǸͷôҲ뿪ǣǵƣԲǿνԣ˵Ҫ뿪ӦֻСһ
뿪ζҪüʲô
֪ĭСҡҡͷ
ĬãԶΪʲôҶʶ
Ҳ֪ģĭСҲԶ
˳ĬãĭС߰ɡ˵꣬ͣתȥ
ؿһҶäŮȥķȻһԵλתȥ

äŮ뿪֮ǰλúź߳ԶȥҶҶäŮһɵλá
äŮһᣬͻȻͣȻҪҡ
ҶȴǺٺһЦȻߵäŮäŮŵǸ֮ǰ£лˡлûа١֮ǰäŮ϶ҪģĽ޷֣һڶ
ĭС䣬Լ벽ԪҲɱģǽѣѣ浽ڶûжƵ顣ΪֻҪκһѣ޾ˡ
äŮҶȻûۣҶоóԷڿĬһᣬäŮ츳ǱпɣҲһд˵ˣδض˷粻˾ȥ
˵꣬תǰȥ
Ҷ㶣ȻæȥǰǲҪʲôˣ
äŮû˵
Ҷֵǰ˵أΪǺӽͼӦ֪Ǻӽͼ䣬ɷңŮطΪľǺӽͼܿ뿪Ψһ֪ǺӽͼľǰäŮˣԣæ˹
äŮΣУȷʵܹǣˣʱˡ
ΪʲôҶ󲻽⡣
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ҶһäŮԥ£ǸⶫҪģ㣬Ҫǲңҿɾˡ
äŮͣ½ŲҶҪˣ𣿡
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äŮתǰߣȻҵѣСڤǵѣǼȻܹѣҲԡΪǵԵʣҽ㵱󱲿㲻ܸˣȻȻɱ㣬ҪһٻǿԵġ
Ҷ
äŮֵǺӽͼȷʵ֪ǣڲ㣬ûʲô塣
ҶûмǺӽͼȥЩʶȤˡ
ʱäŮԷģʱ䵽ˣһںδġϾвܹ
лҶæ
äŮǰţܿ죬һСݳ˲ԶСľͷɣ󣬵ܾ£ܻв԰Լڹ֮ϣһɱǴɵĹҼԼһЩ壬紵ʱһö
סĵطҶʡ
äŮ˵ͷȻߵԺУҶҲ˽ȥȻäŮûҶȥҲûֹҶ
äŮߵһľϣȻǰһԲľϣһЩˮԼ㡣
ҶһۣͨˮԼͨĸ㡣
СڤɺãʱäŮȻʡ
ҶãܰԵû˸۸ǡȷʵڤŮǰԵĺܣ˵ЩǸʲôػ߶Ǽɵѡ
äŮ΢΢ͷͺá
㲻ȥ𣿡Ҷʡ
äŮҡҡͷеû꣬˾ȥ
ҶȻܺԷҪʲô£ǵûѡʡ˵ʱСͻȻǰð˳С׿˿ܣûΣգ±һöӴҶǰ˳ȻСצеĹӵݵҶǰ
Ҷ˿öӣ֮ǰĭС͸С׵ģʱöֻʣ˰ߣҵӡ
ҶЦЦȻС׵Դԣ
СȴҡҡͷȻְѹҶǰ͡
ҶһůҲûھܾ±ŹҧһڣȻѹӵݸСףԱˣԡ
Сգգۣͱˣ
ҶԼĶӣıˡ
СװѹӵݵҶߣȻСצȻһ¡
ҶˣڳһڡҶЦЦȻҧһڡҶҧһڣС۾һУ¶һõЦݣȻͷͿйӡһᣬӾ͹ˡ
Ҷ

ʱһԵäŮȻ
ҶתͷäŮ֮ǰǸŻСŮҲô˵ʲô
äŮĬãȻúô˵߽꣬ľ֮С
Ҷ㶣ʱľ֮ڴäŮȥɡ
ԭأҶĬһᣬҵ˴ȥвУ񵺺ܴ󣬶ҽལȻ඼ǲȱģǿ޸н½һʦң˵˶ȥ˽񵺣һôǾ뽣˷սĻһششȻǽ
УʱäŮȻ
ΪʲôҶ󲻽⡣
ĬãľڵäŮΣյĶ
Σգ
ҶɫʱˣäŮȻ˵Σա


1321 ڹü
äŮʵĿֲ
Ȼȴ˵ΣյĶҲ˵Ƕ˵Σյġ
ʲôäŮΣգ
Ҷûеõ𰸣ΪäŮûлػ
ľǰҶĬãȻСתȥ
ǿ
ؽ˵·ϣ϶Ҷԣ
Ҷ˵ͷäŮ֮ǰչֳʵֻǱɽһǡڤԽĺˡ
⾿һʲô֯һһǿһһУǸ˵еĴǺεȵĿֲ
ڤ
ҶһĳɳӴҲԽԽ࣬ӴԽԽ࣬ŷԭĺܴ󡣵Լǿʱʵбǿġ
һ;ֹ
ջ˼Ҷ϶С׼ӿٶȣڵûʱпڱֶ롣ΪĴпܾҪˡһäŮİһأܲһäŮɣ
㲻ҪƤäŮǽô죿
壬ҵҲһвԷٴͻƣضǻġɱôˣˣԷǾƲܷŹġ
˵ǽˣʱǷǳġ
ʱҶ϶Сĩճǡ׼ɽȥȻȴסˣΪĩճϿվȻһɽɽǺֻܶ࣬ǧңƷҲܵͣЩƷ
ĩճʱЩɽʱһȻסҶ֪ڳǰ̤һЩɽ϶ᳯ
ɨһЩɽҶǷһĨЦ⣬Щ˼ЩɽƷȻͣ鲼ĩճϿյĽȴǲȻ޷赲ǿߣҪնɱһ߻Ƿǳɵġ
ԥ£Ҷһ˵档
ȻЩɽȫûвǣǿзɹȥضҪĩճǵˡԼظңʵûҪŪô󶯾
Ҷǣ϶֣ĩճȥСסڽʱҶöʯ
Ƿѣ
ԭҶе㷴еģҹƼ֡Ϊǹأңʲô˶ܹĩճǵĻò˶ãĩճǿܾҪΪˡߣսǷѣҲǽ˵һԴ
˵ķչҪӴʽ𡣰ҹƵĻ˵ǲһӿҶϾʯɣ˱ҪԸǳ֮ơ
ΪʲôշôߣȻΪʱĩճӵƷҪ֪ӵƷĽˣ½˵ȫǶ츣ءҲȷʵҶڽ֮ǳĳԣ治֪ö걶
ֵһ˵ǣöʯ󣬲Զסڳöʯֻڳסʮʱ䡣ڳĸãְֻ취һǲϽʯǼ뽣ˣΪ˵һӡ
ȴʲô˶յģҪ뽣ˣʵ
֮½˶Լ뽣Ϊ١˵򣬴ʱ½֮ǿ
Ϊ֣ﲻڽֵߣһЩڵ̯ģȻһЩԼʲôС⡣
ҶЩȻûʲôȤģСȴǺԶȤϵСתһῴһῴ
С㣬ҶһЦ˷˽ŲȻСϲ棬Ȼúһ¡
ôʶң
ʱҶȻ֮ЩȻʶҲĩճϿ¶棬˵ЩӦöӡǡ
϶һҶԼ룬˭뵽֣ңһײβ˼Ҽһ棬ܶøɸɾˡ
˵ҲǣҶЦ
϶һЦһѣȫһǽ϶ܹΰݡ
ҶҡͷһЦҿûôġ
϶һЦȻһʱ䣬ɱˣǱ׷ɱͣ۵ģմС׵Ĺ⣬ǽúù䣬Ҳһ¡
ԣҶЦݽʧ϶һĻʵôˣ
Ҷ˽϶֣ңˡ϶аϾǣεģΪûаر϶ʼڣ֪ٴΣգмɥ
Ȼ϶Ǵûһ˿Թԣǣ
϶һҶȻϲһۣ
ҶϣС׷ɵҶǰȻָָָָԼСצһ裬ȻСצҶգҶĶͷ
ҶˣС˵һϲ
ҶСױڻһЦȻǰȥ
ĩճǵķЩҶ󣬲˶࣬һ̣Щ̣ģģݵģָ֮ĶУЩĶǳ
Ȼĩճд඼ЩϲǿʤӶĩճȴǷǳĺгûȻҪǽ˵ԵʡҪ֪ĩճǸĽֵÿһʱ䶼н˵ִѲߡ
ЩִӵĶԱǽ˳ԱɵģǿȣԸѲߵģΪѲߣл׬ġڽ˳ԱĶϾʯǻ֣Ϊ˻֣ʲôˡ
Ҷԣ϶
Ҷ˵ͷò˵ҹƵĹȷʵܵĻĩճǾԻҺġ
ʱСͻȻָָұߵһҵ̣Ȼ󲻵Ҷ˵ֱӷ˵̡
Ҷ϶΢΢һ漴æ˽ȥ
һרԼ֮ŵرĵ꣬Ҷ϶ȥ֮ÿСױסһŽɫĹӿУСǰһʮ߰СʱС￴Сף۾ĴģСǴķģ
Ҷ϶Сæ⣬Ӻܹ󡭡ҪʮöϾʯ
ҶָһʮöϾʯСǰСһ漴æȻһҶ϶Ȼǰ˲һˡ
ʲôӣҶЩʡС׿ǺʳģһǾ۵ġ
ۼǳĹЧСŮ
ǳ
ҶˣӲǸ߼ǷǳСϲ͡
ʱһ۵߽˵У꣬Сɫ΢䣬Ȼæóһöɽݵǻǰ칫ӣµģһʮöϾʯˡ
ӹɽ䣬ȻҡҡͷСǺαأֻҪӦ㱾һԺİȫѾˣֻһֲҪһӣֶΪأ
СŮ΢΢ҡͷȻ˵һԡ
ʼ磬תȥͻȻһڿйӵСףСʱ۾һÿɰСһһϲ
˵ţҪȥץСףһԵС׺ܾ˳ץæŹӷɵҶļϡ
꿴Ҷ϶϶ʱ۾ٴһһ־СˣǱ־
˵ţҶССˣҶҪˡ
Ҷһۻ꣬ڹü
˫΢Уĩճǣû˸ҲӣҵģѾˡ


1322 Ҫȫ
죿
Ҷüͷһ壬֣ͻȻ뵽ʲô֮ǰ˵ʶȻʶģﵱû˪ǰ˵Ļ뵽˪Ҷɫʱ࣬˪ĽԷ
ûлشҶߵҶǰԶ˵һ飬СŮˡ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
ž
һĶڳȻֱӷɵ˵⡣
СһԵֱסȻعȻͬʱһҶ˹ȥ
ž
ž
ٴȻҲֱӷ˳ȥ
һԣС۾ԲСŵĴģһǰۣ߿ǵ߰
߾ôˡ
ҶϣСգգۣȻҶͷйӡ
ҶûйߣǿһԻ𾪵С֮ǰ˵ǸʲôȫѣǽҪյ𣿡
ҶʻСʱعԥһ£ҡҡͷǡ
Ҷüͷһ壬ǽյģΪʲôҪ
СһҶǰȫѣ꿪ȥġңһֵĵ̶нġ
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ģС
Ҷ˫΢УʱСֵ㣬߰ɡ㣬Ȼ㶷ġ
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С˵ͷеûиϾʯȻǼҵ̵ȫһҹ֮䶼ʧˡ
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СطģҹǰһЩ˵ִӶӳܹ˵ڽ˸߲ˡ
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ڣСԥ£Ȼ㣬ǴӺӰɡ
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˹Ǵģ֪ηƤǣǻ˰
ҵãԷô򶨣Ӧ޿֡
ʲô޿֣Ҿ;֪η½˭ǽˣеƤ൱ڵ｣ˣܹȽɣ³Ǻεȵҡ
Ҳǣ˵Ƥүүǽ˵ĸ߲㣬ں֣ǰһƤƤүү϶ǲưոݵġٺ٣ʵҾãĺãƤҲˣϧûǵ
ӿڳƤĻȫҶҪĩճʧ

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ҶûйΧˣĿϣʱɫǷ߸õѾΣ棬һǳӡ
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һٴڳȻ˵Ŀ֮Уֱӷɵ֮⣬˵ϡ

һƬȻҶʵ⣬Ҷĵ
˶֪ˣСǰӾȻҵ˵죡
˭
˿Ҷɻ󣬺Ҷݡ
һԣǸ߼챻ҶɳȥʱŭҪ֣ȻҶʱ˶ʱɫһ䣬ˣг˼ɵһ˿֡˲֮ǰǿǰǰһжûŹ
ԶӵģʱһԵ϶ʱ͡һЦΪʱҲʱԴȫһͷͷ
϶ΧҲ̿ȴû˸Ц
Լ˴Ȼʱŭʹţɱ
裡
ܴ裡
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УھѪȻڷɳɺԶĵ֮ϡ
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ΪʲôɱҶԣ϶ʡ
뿴⿿ɽ˭ôšҶһĳɳض棬޷ġûҲͰˣǼȻˣ˵þҪܹˡ
϶˵ʱҶͻȻ̧ͷԶˡ
ִˣʱ˾
ܿ죬һԵȺ˿ܿ죬ʮɫףֳֺɫǹ˹
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һ̣˶ҶдźεУҶǿΣǽ˵ĵ̣ǿܹǿĹ˲ɣ
ִߵ˳УΪ׵һĿϣĲʱɫһ
֣֣
ӵߵӵԣȻָԶҶŭĬ֣ɱɱɱ
Ĭļ򣬵ϵӣĬֵܣִƽʱûչˣģܶԷ˭ֵǶָ
˵꣬ĶʮһԵҶ϶Ҳæ˹ȥ
ĬҶǰɴͣ£Ĭδ˵ָҶЦ֮ǰǺڶԣ
ͻȻȻֹ
ΪҶѾǰȻסĲӣ˻عҶĲѾصԭλ
Ǿ֮ɫһΣʶԼҶĲˡ
죬ҶЦЦûзϻ͵ؽһҡ
죡
ѣѪĽ
ûȴҲˣ˶ҶһҸ±ˡ
Ҷûй죬ǿĬĬ˫ֽգҽˣ
һԣ϶ٴΡ͡һЦһҶҡҡͷû˵
ƽˣ
Ҷҡҡͷû˼
ûУ
ĬɫҿУ
˵ţһӣ˵ڴˣĩճǹأҽˣɵɱ
£ʮִӶԱĬȫҶ˹ȥ


1323 ҹˣ
ִӵЩ˳Ҷɫ
ԭСĻЩţΪִӵ˲ô޷죬ϾִӴǽˣĩճĹߣЩ˲Թı˽ǲǵĨڽ
ʵǣЩ˾ô޷졣ǽĽƴˣǾãڽ˾ƴˣ
ЩԵɣֱӾͶ֣һһƽ˵˵Щ϶ôˬˣǲˣһ䣬ƽˣȻͿԹ󽫶Էɱ
Ⱥ֮
Щ˾ǺȺ֮
Ҷһǰ̤һȻһӣǳǰֱӾͷɵǧ֮⣬һǽϣǽںȻֱ̮ӽʱҶٴμӡ
졭
УӰϷɳȥϢʱ䣬ִӵȫ˳ȥ
˴ľ
Щִӿɶǵ߰Ȼôôȫûˡе˶ûҶôֵģ
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Σˣĩճǣǽ˵ĵ̣½˭Ҹ˽а壿һ˵
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ʱǷ֮УĬ˳ҶĬɫѿû뵽ԼȻǰ˵һжӲ¡ȻŭڣȴǲδʧֻһУѾǳԼǰ˵Ķ֡
ˣֱóһŴ顣
ˣִӽˡ
֪˭ǽǸɣ˵ɶǽҶѡĽţÿһ˶ܹԽսװǵ۽ף
Ӧòܣ⽣ǽǿһ֧ôּëƤС£
ɲС£㿴һǰûл֮⽣һ»㲻Ҳͽ飬߽ЩϹＶǿܹ߳ƽ
ϻˣɣǿϾҪˡ

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һԣ΢΢һ漴ǷһĨ㲻Ǻ𣿴Ϳ


1324 ҲҪ
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Ҷɨһˣ˵ͻȻɫһ䣬һֱӳ˽˿УԶʣһһĩճϮ


1325 ߣ
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1328 ࣬ɱ
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1329 սΨս
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1330 ֻʤܻţ
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1331 壬ˣ

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ڱûֱֹͣӾײҶ
Ҷ˫΢Уνһն
䣡
һǵӰֱӱ˵֮⣬ҶҲ˽ɡ
ҶɫЩأͷȻûǿҲ˶١û뵽徹Ȼǿߡ
𣡡
ڱɫؿҶڲӿһɹɿµϢҪٴγҶȥȴǱֹϣ赲Ƴǣ
ڱתͷһ󣬡ʵǷСģ
˵ͷ
ڱתͷһҶһֱ̣ӻһӰԶĩճײ˹ȥ
Ҷ˫΢УҪ֣ʱȴǵǰЦɣ
ȷʵЩ⣡Ҷ˵ͷ
Ҷ֪ΪʲôΪ岻ŽᡣʵرǸ߶ʵҪġ֮ǰܹŽһûʲôʤġǿϧǲŽᡣ壬ֻҪһ£ȫûκ˻ᷴԣ
ҶһȻתͷĩճǣһ˿ǡ
ĩճϣڱϮһ̣ҹɫʱһ䣬æ󣡡
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ҹ£ĩճϿնȻһ̶ĽţĩճϿաͬʱʮҲĩճϿգȻʮӿЩӿȥ

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£ͻȻʷ⣬Щȫһγһ޽޽γֱ֮ӳֻڱ˹ȥ
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䣡
޽˲ѣ⽦俪Ǻڱֱӱһһǧ֮⣡
һĻɫҶȴһȻҲ֪⽣ףǽ󾿾ǿʲô̶ȣҲûףڼЩȣڱʵǼǿģ˵ȵ컹Ҫǿ
ȻڱȴǱ⽣һˣȻûлɱڱѾΪˡ
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£һӡ
ʱĩճǳԭٶֱӳĩճײ˹ȥͬʱʵЩҲǵسĩճӿȥ

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Ҷɨһ·Щʬʬ壬Ȼ󣬱׼˵ʲôģջʲôҲû˵ʱ˵ʲôûˡ
Ҷͷʱӡ
һĻ˫΢УɫʵЩҶ߶ӡġҶڵʵǴ߶ӡǾԵסġ
ҶȻýӡǿԼĽ⣬Ȼܹսʤ󣬵ǣǷɵĺɳеûǣ壬һһԷⷴʱðʱ˭ֿܵԷ
ңһû취ɱһԷϵⷴɣˡ
ӡһ̣Ҷʱĸˡ
չʣҶ֮УȻ͵ذνһն
ʣһѪɫʱգնȥ
Ҷһ̣˫΢΢̧ɲǼ䣬ΧռһŤһ̣˫ֵӣȻǰ͵ӡ˳ȥ
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ƳһεƶʱڳУţһֻӡǰĿռ˳ȻҶǵ˹ȥ
߸һӴ͵رһɿµˣܿ죬ԶҶͻȻʧԭأҶʧһ̣һ˳С⻮գ֮Щ˲䱻˺ѿˣռ䶼ֱӱ˺˿
Ҷʧһ̣ҶɫҲţ˻һ⳯Ҷȥ
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ʣΪҶĴսռΪ֮Ҳ
ܿ죬Ʒ˸ı䣬ǾǴʱ·硣ҶĹ£ڽڰˣ˲һӺѾȫѹƣ
һĻ·ƵϵĭСɫһ䣬ŻУȻҪʱ뵽ʲô͵תͷĩճǣʱСѾſͣһĻĭСɫһ䣬æ
СߵĿɲǻ棬ıԴ֣Դֱߣȥˣ
ĭСѻǽ֮ϵСգգۣ漴۾ԲŭĭС䣬һ׼ĭСȥȴǱסˡĭСʵɲǻ棬˵ΪСĭС䣬ĭС֣֮һʤ㶼ûУ
ʹڴﵽߵҶһ˶ĭС󣬿Ҳֲʲôá
ĩճ⣬ǺڱȻҲ˵ĴҪȥ󣬶ʱͻȻʴңȫǣٶƳǡ
ԣڱԥһ£漴ɫ
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һĻҹƵɫѿ
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źڱһŭХǰ޷׷˿óһ·ܿ죬ڱܵһ̣棬ĩճǶڲ
ҹ˫ֽθĺڱײĩճϣ̧ɲǼ䣬ĩճϵЩתĶ½˸ǷؽԼĽӿЩ֮УЩϷһ̶Ľ
Ǻڱĩճǻʮɾʱҹ͵£ɱ
£ʵͻȻ⳯Ǻڱӿȥ䣬Ǻεȵ׳ۣ
׹䣬ȫǺڱȥ
Ǻڱȴ˿û˻赲˼ֻһǾǼ٣ٶԽԽ죬ĩճǳǽɾʱЩǰȻû赲
͡
ûǺڱڣѪͻȻԺڱڳ׳Ѫȣ
һĻĩճǳǽ˶ʱһһײĩճҪײġȻܿ죬ɫǱˣЩҰס
Ϊ·ȫðѪĺڱûͣ£ڼܣ
ڱȻģǣٶȴǲܿ죬ĩճǲɾˡ
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ĩճǳǽаʱڱɫȻѾʼȴǷһĨЦݡ
壬ˣ
Щ˻ƵŭڳкȻһ̣ڱһײ
䣡
һĩճǳǽȻ


1332 Ѫս
ĩճǵĳǽڱײ£ֱӺȻ̮ǽ֮ϵ˷׷׷ǽ࣬ԭĩճЩҲæˣȻƤ񣬵ҲǾ޴ǽС
УǺڱײ̮ǽһ˿ɫҲʧˣȻ󻺻ȥµһ̣Ӵ˲䱻̮ĳǽû
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һ޵ŭͻȻڳ𣬺ܿ죬޴ĩճǳ˹ȥ
޳ĩճǵȫסˡѾʼ¶˿־壬Ȼ־壬ʱǰģɽľ޴ޣЩޣһĿ¶⣬·Ҫһ㡣
ܿ죬һЩΪη壬Ѿпʼӵˡ
ʱУҹһǳУŭȵڣ
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һڳв𣬺ܿ죬ʮ޳ҹƵǰ
ҹû˿ϻֱָԶЩ糱ˮӿޣסǣ
½û˿ԥ»һ⳯Щ޳˹ȥ½ڶǵߣ϶˽ĽޣĶǵ۽׵ĽװˣҪƿЩ޵ķȫ׾١
ˣ½˳ȥһ˲ҵ޴ʱ赲Զʮɿ⡣˭ĿĳǼֲ˶áΪԶ޴ԶԶɱһϾͻһϣ
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У峹׵ĽⲫսȻ壬ǴʱѾƸۣˣսҲ쳣ǿ󡣱ϾѾǾûκ·û·ȻûκεĽҡ
˵սһϣҲҪһ汳ģ
ս屻ѹƣյսҶѹơ
ʱѾڿ֧ţϣѾ˲ʮĽˣ֮⣬һֻҲҶһֻ˵ʱǼǱġ֧ţ֧ŵ峹ƳǣֻҪƳǣӮˣ
ҪϣҶϲⲫƴذܣû취ʵҪ࣬Ǳ̬ķǰ˺սûʲôƣοʱ٣
ˣֻ׽ĩճ֮ǰɱֻɱܹת
ʱҶû˿ıڽӡ£ĽѾǿһΪֲĴڣǵߣʵѾõˣʹǿּǿߣʱǰҲֻܶս
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Ҷ󣬻·Ǵʱֶ룡
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еĪĭСˡʱûвսվԶؿųеһСȻսģɵǣֻҪŻǸС׾ͻðޱȵıΪС׶ңֻҪ̫ŻС׶ܹĻ
˵ûСףͰˣΪҶ֮⣬ûκܹ赲Ļ棡
ϧСףΪСףʱĩճǶң
ĭСĿⲻϴܣ׼һ֣ʱɫһ䣬͵̧ͷʡ
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ܿ죬һӰǿռڶ֮׷˳ӰʱĭСͫȻһΪӰ
ĭСȣʱ׹Ȼͣܿ죬һɫͻȻڱӿȻԶĿռڶ˹ȥɫֵһ˲һǿռڶ֮˳
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ǰһ˲ǺȻһĨ˫ϣ֪ѾһʱҶĽѾǰ
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䣡
һɿֲĺ˲˳УҶе˲䱻ת˲һɽȻǱ֮ӿ˳
䣡
Ȼ飬ȻҶȴֱӵ˳ȥһɣһǧɲͣ
ԶҶͷ˿ԼǰʱǰļȻѾ˿ϵѪʱҲࡣĬһ˲̧ͷԶ󣬴ʱǰһѪѪвӿ˿ǱˣˣʹҲ޷ڶʱڽ޸
û뵽ûܹɱ㣡Ҷ֮ǰһ˵һ˻ҶȻʧˣҶӲסı
ѾСˣû뵽ǲ㱻Ϯ
Ҷֳ󣬡ҿ㻹ʲôơ
һ·ʱķΧѾڽڰˣսϾҪˡ
뵽⣬һҶǷ֮ɫҶգ˭Ҳס壡
£һɿֲƷڱӿƳֺ󣬳пռʱҼƺˡ
ԶҶ˫΢УӿӿҪ֣ȻʱɫͻȻ䣬һ̣ҽ͵һգռһǧɣ
Сģ
ʱ·ͻȻĭСľ
΢΢һת˲ͫȻ״
ͣ
ʱһֻͻȻ󸹲˳
˫˲Բ


1333 ֮ϳ֣
󣬲֪ʱһߣߣڳҶĭС䶼ʶ
ʧѾ֮õ
ʱֱӴĸ󸹲Ѫ
̣
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ߣǷһĨЦǧˣ
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ֱӱسԶ׷˳ȥ
֮תͷѾǰŻ棬Ż棬һĨţƽȻһ
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Żֱڿбըը֮ЩĽĻ濪ʼҲת˲лڿֱӻޡ
һĻԶҶƤһʵѵԷѾͻƵ֮ϣ
·ĭСҲ֮ɫȻҲû뵽ʵѾﵽ̶ֳȡ棬СףҶ󶼲׾ȥġڣԷȻܹ׾ٵƵĻ桭
ĭС俴㳬Խˡ
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תͷһĩճǵķ򣬵ϧͲһᣬͻʧˡֻҪһᣬҷԸԴˡֻҪһᡭһͿʵˡֻҪһᡭ
˵ԽԽɫҲɢ
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˵⣬͵ؿʣֻ䣬ҵһ̣Ѿǧˡ
£ֳȥһ˿ɫʡȴһĨЦݣǽѡ
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ԶҶĬʣҲĬ
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Ƭ̣еƵʬ峯ʷȥ·޿ʼȥΪǰһû޻᲻ءĿ죬˵Ҳ죬һѾʧ˵С
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ʱĭСȻ̧ͷԶҶɱô
ԣ˫۶ʱ
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ĭС£Χܿ죬Ѹһɫɫֺ󣬳е¶ѸһᣬΧĿռǱĭСĲٿ£ɫ𣬳˹ȥ
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УҶĭСǷһĨϣ
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ʱʵЦĴ½˭Ϸ򿹺⣿
Ҷֽе죬ĭСʵ޷ǰѾԽߵΨһİ취ǽԷäŮȥäŮʰԷȻ֪äŮʵʵǣäŮʵҪֲġ
뷨
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Ϊ뱻äŮڤŮѣѣǣäŮɲѡ֮ǰäŮΪڤŮϣһλãδζȥ˼ңδҲ̫ЩĿɲڤŮ
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ҶһӿͬʱҲӿ֮УŽӿ룬Ҳһâɢ


1334 УУ
ԶĭС俴һֿһҶֿһԶϵСסСͣãһʲôܿ죬һϸСɫģţǶɫ滺˿ռ֮Уռ΢΢䶯һ£Ǻܿǻָ
û˿ü֮ϣһɫͻȻһռ˳ȻƮȥܿ죬ĲԶһƬҰɫǴҰɫʱٶȺȻӿ졣
ݣ
ǶֱӴƬɫȻͬһǳǿȥһʧǿ
УʣĿҶϣҶţ˳֪ܲûгʧȥ˵ζûУģϾͻˡ£תͷĩճǣȻ̧־һ˹ȥ
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һֱֻ˺ѿռ䣬Զĩճ˹ȥ
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Ҷͫһͷӡڽӡ£Ľ͵һ̣ҽ͵һ̤գ˻һһΣٶȿ쵽˼£۸ⶼ
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ԶǵӵʮֱһУʱһȻѿֹһ˲Ҷٴγ𣺡ƣ
£һͻȻǾֵǰȻֻһ
䣡
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ʱеҶѾ֮ǰǧ⣬Ҷ·Ѿʧ鲼ƣͬ֩һ㣬ѪЩֲ֮
Ҷ㣬С״˴Ȼһ¾ͿҪҶȥȴǱסȻҲȥС׹ȥﲻæҶ
ԶĭС俴ųеһУûж֣ôš
ʣĿҶϰΣȻҶȻңǲƻҵļƻǣò˵ȷʵһţһԽ޼֮󣬴½šڶһʱ䣬Ϸ򣬶Ķ֡ϧûʱˣ
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ȭӡٶȲ˲Ҷǰ
Ҷͫһ΢ܵǰ
ȻǵȭӡֱӴܣȻҶǰ
䣡
һըҶԶԶ׷˳ȥ

ĩճϣҲ̲ס±СһҶ󣬽ҶȻȭӡȴǻδʧҶسɲͣ
ۣ
ҶͣһھѪ˳ͷ˿ԼǰʱǰһӡǰҲһ˿̣Ѿѣ
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ʱһԵĭСȻ񣬳׳أѿռ䣬УǿԼĹӿռ䣬С֮ǰĽ֮ûܹ赲סȭӡΪĽؼ䣬ڿռڣ֮УʵĲࡣǿ󵽳ѿռ䷶ΧطΧзΧ˵ǰϣ
񣡡
Ҷ˫΢У֮ϣǰ𡭡
ʣǱ׼ֵȻĭС䣬СŮޣʵ˵Ϸٺ档ҵ㣬ҶһһգҺܺ棬ҲҶ
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ĭСЦûϵܿͻ֪ҵˡ
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˵ţתͷҶҶʮߣǧߣ˵ȫҲΪϷϲ죬Ҿ͵棬ɱийϵˣҲʧȥ˵ζ
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϶ҡͷҶ˼뿪Сҡͷֱӽ϶һ˼ˡ
Ҷû˵ʲôΪ˵ʲôܸı϶⡣ǰ϶˵һȥΣա
Ҷ˱϶СףȻתҪɱийϵˣ
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ЦЦȻָָҶ϶Сףƺ⣬ţ㿴ǰıһܾʡѾЩȲҪһĻˡ
ΣҶЦЦЩΣûڷϻܿ죬ͷϵĽӡͬʱΧϢʼǡ
ʱѾûѡֻѡǿ⣬ֻдﵽ벽ԪĽ⣬пһս
Ҫ߶ӡԼĽ⳹״ﵽ벽ԪʱһӰţһ˳ǰȻһְֻͷϡ
ְֻסӡһ̣ӡʱȥܿ죬ӡʧ
㡭Ҷ㵡


1335 һ˯Ŀã
ҶǰһŮӣ°ȹޱ飬ɫ䣬һ꺮͸һɭ亮⡣ãޣһỊ̃·ʱƮȥ
Ůӳֺ󣬳еĽȻŮӿȥŮա
飡
Ůǳ˯õĽ飡
һ̣Ҷɫһɣ漴Цһ˯Ŀá
Ϊ㣡
ҶЦЦһ˿ΣģѾߣҲﵽԪѾﵽѾܹˡԺ㲻ΪҶڳ˯ˡ
ɨһҶ΢΢ͷû뵽ɳز
ԽƷ׵Ľ
ʱһȻ
Ҷ뽣̧ͷȥʱĿڽϣһ˿𾪡ԶĭСͬǾ𾪡
ҶҪҶԽƷ׵Ҫ֪½ʷԽƷ׵ֻһǾǺӽͼʱҶͷϵ콣ӡҲƷ׵ġڣҶȻӵһԽƷ׵Ľ
Ĭһ˲ȻЦϷ̤ȱһû뵽ⱦϾͳˡҶϷĵúúлл
׳գ
ԶĭС俴һдźεļһ֪ԽƷ׵ĿֲΪԴȻ֪ԽƷĿֲΪۼġ
ʲôгԽƷף
˼ûƷܹһǱ
ǱʲôԽƷ׵ҶҪսʤЩϾǰ񣬱ҶסҶǰλǽǽҶ⽣϶ΪһǼֲġ
ˣڼʱĭС̲ס
ԶҶһۣûκηϻһ˽Ҷǰ
ǰĽҶһȻססһ˲ʱһţҶǳһ뽣϶ΪһĸоǸоǴʱǽ
֮ǰѾΪ뽣֮䣬˴ͬˣսһ̣뽣Ϊһʱ̡
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һȻԹ֮г˵Ŀ֮УҶΧĿռڹѣ·ܲסҶһ㣬ƺޱȡ
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ʣҶսһ̣˫΢֮ɫΪоΣաҴ⣬˫һУΧʱӿȥţ˫ֻսȭսȭͷһ̣ΧĿռҲǡǲһ˿
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·ҶȻ̧ͷǣһĨһ̣Ҷҽ͵һ棬Ŵֱ̮Ҷ˲֮𣬳ʵȥ
ʣ˫΢У֮ͬɫû˿ԥҶһ̣˫ֳһȻ͵سǰһ䡣
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һԵĭСʱҲʣûнţֻĮ
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һԣڼʧһ̣ĭС΢΢ͷ̣ĳ𣬵ñˡ
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һϧǣնνʵ̫ˡڵʵ״̬۷ʱʩչնνΣļޣʩչ꣬Ҫ⣬ҲҪˡ
Ҷһгһ˿Ц⣬峷ʧڣڿϢһˡܺܿ죬ǿЦҡҡͷϢûʱϢʱ䣬ϾҪˡ
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Զڼ϶Сױʻצץߵһ˲Ҷ˫˲ѪһƬȻҽ͵һգ˻һ⳯ʵĻ𺣱ȥ


1336 ڤ
˿̣Ҷȫɱʵʻ
ҶҲû뵽ĭС侹Ȼ϶С׵⣬û뵽ԷȻǿߣ
Ҷһ̣˵ĭСֻצѾʧ˻֮УҶٶȲֱûǻ֮Уܿ죬һƬֱӱҶ˿Ҷȥ
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һ̺޾ѹȻǻɫţһŻǻɫֶ֮ȻҶ
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ôһĨʵЩֱʧǱƻĿռҲת˲䱻޸
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ǵԻɫ֮ԶԶһʱѾĺϸϸȻԷѾڡ
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Ҷȫɱⲻӿͬʱͷ˫ҲѪʱäŮȻһָü䣬ɲǼ䣬Ҷɱȫʧ
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Ҷüͷһ壬С׾ʲô㶼Ҫǿᣡ

äŮ˴ﵽһ̶ȺҪҪǼӴģʲôܹġҪһңڽһҪһеǣǸ޷ں̵ܶʱھۼһ
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ҶǷһĨɬû뵽һûǣ
äŮҡҡͷҪԼȥЩԼ̫ȣ֮ǰֵλԷѾ꣬ԼȥȣҲڡҪףͣʵѾܲҪʱ䡣
ҶĬãȻԷ˺𣿡
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˵⣬˶٣Ȼ鹬ڤ
Ҷͫһڤǿ֪ģǰäŮȻ˵鹬ڤѹסе𾪣Ҷʣ鹬Сʲôϵ
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Ҷ˵պС׻Ϊ鹬
äŮ˵ͷҲֻʸΪ鹬ΪκηһĹܹһ֪Ϊλˣе̫ǿ󣬼ʹΪ֮ɵԣһܹƺֶΣ
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äŮĬãȻڴ֮ǰҺܲСڤΪλΪѡЩˡܹоóС׵ĸģݸûκεĿԣܿɹҲţʹʲôȻҲȥ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷһ̣ҺͨͨСףʲô
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Ҷһ㶣תȥʱäŮѾڡ
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ƬɫãҶ˽еĽ棬϶Сףңܿģܿġ
£Ҷתһʧԭء


1337 Ůˣˡ
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ԣҶ˫ۻãһȻҹƣһЩȥˣûлŵˣУչˡ
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ڵǣûʸҲҾܾĽˣ
ҶһǧˣȻЦȻԡЩŵ˼Щ˲Ϊ˵ʵҲЩǸ߸ϵģǶԼ׳ƳȻԸ⡣
ңһǶԼ׳ƳʹǵŶ״ʧǲԸģϾǴ˲֪ţرЩңҵļǷǳǿġ
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1338 ֣
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ȻֻԷǴӶԷ֮У͸оõ˶Էǿ
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ʱֵ㲻μӣΪѵˣ԰ܣثثֲˣһὫҵѪȻҡȻõĽһֱĨɱģ
Ҷ
˽żʵ㱾ûʸμӵģΪ㸸Ǳ֮ˣԣҲǱ֮ˡ

Ҷüͷһ壬ôʸμˣ
˳ĬΣȻùãġ
ùãҶüͷһ塣
ҡҡͷ֮ҵѾˡȷ֮ѾϢ˻ȥ˶ãҽʹͻ㡣˵⣬һҶҪ治ȥʱͰǽʹɵȻǰǸʵ
Ҷ˵ͷ鲻һ濼ǵġ
ˣ
뵽ʲôҶҼǵã½ǰ˵ֻǧ磬ô
ʲôˣ˴ҶĻ
Ҳǣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻҪ𣿡
˵Ͼߡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻȥǼ濼һ£˵ƢǺܺãҪȥңܻҸļȮ
˿һҶģӵƢãǻȥ󣬶ķġ
˵꣬תȥ
ȵȣʱҶȻ
תҶô
ҶҲûʲô£Ҫɽң
˵꣬Ҷתһʧԭء
ˣ


1339 ֮裬շ
ң
ҶһоûУʲôڣǴδԼĺúõģʲôȥ˰ۣҶɲҵȨƣǸûϵˡΪȨڴҲҸģҪǿ㲻ˬ˼ʱ԰Ȩջȥ
Լǿ
ջ˼Ҷٶȼӿ죬Ž񵺵λøȥ
Խӽ񵺵λãǹѹԽأҶòʩչֿҶɫԽˡ
ãҶ˽򡣵һʱ䣬ҶȥäŮľݣʱľѾΪһм
һĻҶɫһɨһܣĬƬ̧̣ͷաûԥһձȥ
ԽϣѹԽأⶼֻǿֿ
ܿ죬ҶգȻäŮäŮˡһ

äŮϷһͷ޴ֻ¶һͷյĺƲڡȻ壬¶ͷѾҶˡͷж󣿴Щ޷ݡô˵ɣͷһ˶Ҫ
äŮͷǰСľͬһֻվһǰò˵⻭Щ
ԶäŮ̧ͷˣڿϳ𣿡
Ůˣ
ŭäŮ֮꣬裬ձҪٱ
£ͷֱӸ£ڤŮײ˹ȥ
ԶҶ˫΢Уһ˿ǡȻäŮʵǿչֳʵҲĿֲäŮܹס
УäŮɫ䣬֣ȻնźһƳһε֮ӿɲǼ䣬äŮǰĿռʱͬʯˮ̶һƣЩƲĳǺӿȥܿ죬Щײһ
䣡
վһһըҶ쳹ҶĤʹҶһæʩչ⽫Լ
𣡡
ԶȻ˺ŭҶĿȥֻǺͷѾصԭȵλãͷ֮ϵѾѿ
УäŮֻգһɿµϢɢϢֺնΪ֮Ҽ
ԶҶһæǧɡųеĺäŮҶɫءäŮʵѾԽ˰ĲΡ˵ǴﵽäŮһεģ
֮УäŮУءһ˲ȻһڣһֻצƲ֮˳޴צһɽֻȴɽצԿкݺ£·äŮѹȥ
äŮںֻצǰԵüСϸˣΪצʵ̫̫ˡ
ǣӴĺäŮɫȴԵ÷ǳƽ
ֻצäŮͷʱäŮٴ֣ĳϣɲǼ䣬ĳĿռȻŤţһֻ͸ܵİɫŤĿռ˳
ֻɫֱӳ𣬳ʵֻצ˹ȥ
һԣҶüͷһ壬ֻɫЩ죬֮ռǷʲô仯еƵȭӡԷЩһģҲ˵
ԶֻɫҶĿֻ֮޴צݺײһ
䣡
һընʱҼ·Ҫһ㡣ֻ޴צֱǺɫƲڣȻֻȴǲδʧٶȲĳ֮ϵƲڡ
䣡
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βʱҶɫʱһ䣬ֻβ鲼īɫƬֺ֮ڵĿռΪ֮ŤͬʱһɿֲѹϢõҶϢһϣҶæٴγǧɣȻӿԼ⣡
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䣡
β֮տռֱӴһ޴Ŀռڶ֮ϡ
ԶäŮü΢΢һȻƻָţֱָӳβȥһäŮָ֮гٶȼ죬˲ǺǺβ֮ϡ
䣡
Ȼ飬βһϵֱӹѿѪ׹䣬¡Ȼβȴûͣ£ٶȲĳ·äŮɨȥ
ʱäŮںȻӿһâţäŮ˻һ𣬳Ǻײ˹ȥ
䣡
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һըһͬʱ֮쳹ҶĿ֮Уǰβͬ˺ɫƲڣǻäŮ׹£һĻҶɫһ䣬Ҫȣʱǵȴͣܿ죬ɢȥäŮҶС
ʱäŮɫ΢΢֮⣬û󰭣
ҶһɣȻ׼֮ǰ֣Ϊ˽ʵóȻ֣äŮ鷳ڶʵѾһ˽⣬ȻǿڼϽ飬ܹ֮һƴġ
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£äŮȻ𣬽ţ˳УЩ⻯һ֮ϵĺ˹ȥ
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Ʋ֮д˺ŭţƲȻܿ죬ЩƲȫޣǺһֱӳ·äŮȥ
ʱҶΪäŮһѺ̫ˣѾ֪ôӴĺˣ
һ﾿ˣ
Զһը飬ռ䶼Ѿ顣ʱäŮǴڿռڶ֮սһ޷ڿռڶ֮д̫õģΪǾ֮һ˸ԵֵäŮȻһˡ
ΪäŮս̫ңҶһˣʱѾ˽ɣ
ҶԶʱѾϣڹ֮Уǽ档ͬʱҲתʱƴ
ֻҪäŮΣգ
Ȼ˾ٻǺǣ˵һʮҲҪ֡äŮڤŮ㣬ж˵֮ǰäŮѾ䡣ԣäŮΣգӲ
ҶԶйʾҲʱͻһָȻ·˳ָٶȼ죬쵽ҶûзӦǺԶƬġ
䣡
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ˡäŮ񹬣벶ȡǺӽͼʱ򽻳ˡ
ʱһ˳С


1340 ʵڲУǾܰɣ
񹬵˳ˣ
Լ񻹼ΪȷʵϤ
ҶתͷԶֻԶտռȻѿţһ۵˳ʱҶͫȻһ
飡
ǰǽ飡
ôܣ
Ҷţ񹬵ˣ
ԶäŮӿռ֮߳Ľ飬ˣóˡ
鵭㵱ǿȡǺӽͼΪҳ𣿡
äŮ˵ͷȻǶڣǽǾͰ鳹׽˰ɡ£äŮΧĿռȻ
һ²
ʱȻäŮ֪뽣񹬷׷ǹʣ뵱꽣޼ûκνΪҪΪ񹬱㣬궼ûͨѵ˵Ϊ˵꽣񹬵ǸССŵӣ
ʱҶ֣ԶäŮɫ˲Ӧ˵еͬʱһɱƾճܣʵʵɱ⼫ΪֲȻ޾ɱ㱻Ӱǣ
ˣ
ЦһһĨһ͸ĹȦɢ˿ɹȦֺΧЩɱʱʧӰ١ţäŮû뵽ǿߣȻΪ˵꽣һ۵ŵӽԼ꣡ǳĺܰ
äŮֻˡǸýˣҲýˡգ˶ϰɡ
ǷһĨЦȷʵ˶ˡ
£
䣡
һɿֲĽⶸȻԽڱӿɽֺԶҶɫȻ䡣
벽Ԫ
⽣Ľ⾹Ȼǰ벽Ԫ⣡
äŮü΢ܿչѹҳ֣ԭǴﵽ˰벽Ԫ⡣
벽Ԫ
ЦЦǰ벽ĹԪˡ
äŮû˵׼֣äŮҪʱһҶȻһäŮԡҶäŮü㲻Ƕ֡
Ҷһ̫ƽˡȻäŮʵ죬ҲˡäŮǵħ߽飬϶ʤġһжĻäŮ϶ûʲôʤ㡣ԣվ
𼱣ܲģ
ʱĿҶϣʵҾȣǳȡҲòϣʦֽ޼֮츳ȷʵ½ʷõһӦ˵츳ѾԽʦˡ
ʦ֣
Ҷһ۽飬ʦǽ޼
⣿
ЦҶʵͦģرĴ·ҾãˣĽޡʦˣ̫ظˡʲô壬ʲô壬ϲľˡ
Ͱѽ񹬸ˣҶ
ҵȻҪ𣡡
¶ŵʱһֱѹһ񹬺õĶҲãֻ֪޼û֪ҽ顣ãʵѹңõĶ罣ӡҲġ
ȻôĿôҪ񹬣ҶЩ⡣
ɫԽŵʱ򣬽ʲôģҼˣˡǣ֮󣬽񹬱ùִƣӡҲҵģǣ֪֮ʱҽ鲻ִƽ񹬣ӡǺӽͼ֣֪ܣһ쳬ԽǺǡ
˵󣬽Ѿ
Ҷһ۽飬ȻԼͷϵĽӡȥ񹬣Ŀȥѽӡó˽ӡܹﵽĹԪ⣬𣿡
ܴ
ЦʵҲֻǱԵ̬ΪԱŮ˿Ǻ޽޺֮ǣû뵽㾹ȻȥˡңӡˣҺܾȡȻǾϲҾϲǣӡı徹ȻĨʶҲϾĨʶĻҪշ鷳
Ҷһ۽飬һһ㲻ףӡѾõʵԶңΪβȡ
ң
˵äŮʵҪȡӡͱҪ¶ԼʵʵֻҪ¶Լʵʵһһʱ֪ҳΪħѻָʵ
ȡҲЦ
ҶäŮЦЦҵĽӡıȥǲ㣿
ǣäŮֱԲ䡣
Ҷ΢΢һ飬̧ͷ֮еħȻ򲻹㣬Ϊʲô㲻ͷһֱӸˣ
äŮ΢΢Ȼºսɱңս𣬽ˮû½ˮû½Ҳըѿʱ½ʧļңҲԸ֮ȥ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵäŮս˵ʵ½ԻᱻǸû
ʱԶĽȻ̧ͷħסŮˣӾͺá
ԣ
ħ£ֻצʱԿг·äŮҶץ˹
äŮҶֶܼã
Ҷҡҡͷ֪˵꣬äŮҪýһ
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Ҷ
äŮҶ򣬵ʵڲУǾܰɣҲ㣡£һһ⳯ʱȥ
ܣ
ҶЦЦ⽣ȻᡣȻԹԽӡϣԷܻܡôⲻäŮ𣿶ңӡĶŶûУ
Ҷ˽⣬϶ԼԹԽӡԣԼȡ
黺ҶÿһһɽڱӿЩⲢûйҶӿҶܣҶΧȻҶӡȻ׷ϣ˷ʱ䡣
ҶɨһܣЩ벽ԪĽܺԼĽ˵ǰûڡģҶƢԷĽⶼԣôѱҶһȼ⡭
Ҫ֪ڽɽʱҶôɹ
򲻹Ҫ򶼲ҴǾͶˣҲҶ̵ģ
ˣʹĽҶĽҪǿҶĽȻûڡ
ܿ죬Ҷǰʮɿ⣬ӡܹ˵Ľ⣬㲻ԼĽǲΪѹƣǰû˿Ļ֮𣿡
Ҷ̧ͷ֮УʱäŮȻû֣ն鲼⣬ʱǺӴֱӳΪ˻ӡäŮĹ£ǺѾȫѹƣˣֻʱ⣡
Ĭһ˲Ҷ̧ͷ飬˶˵ǵ½һޣʵǡҿ޼ʦʵжǿ
ĿҶϵĹʿһۣȻ˵ͷǾ

Ҷ£Ž͵һΡ


1341 ΪеĽ
ﵽ벽ԪĽ飬ҶҴ⣿
һ־նν
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Ҷνһ̣ɫصġʵҶûʸֵģǰ벽Ԫ⣬ҶĶ֡ǣûҶ
Ϊʲô
ΪҶеĽ
뽣ʵĽϣԽƷףڸǺӽͼͬױĴڡҶǽޣӵнӡˣҶ
򵥵˵ҶȻʵҶװã
Ҷװ඼Ĵڰ
Ҵ⣬һɲǼ䣬ǰƾճһɿֲĽ⣬ţԽΪģΧĿռȻҲת˲ɫ⽣ͻȻΧռسҶǵ˹ȥ
ȻЩ⽣ڰ벽Ԫļӳ£Щ⽣һ̼ʵʻÿһ̺Ŀֲ
䡭
ܿ죬һĺźҶ뽣ΧĿռֱӹѿת˲ΪģΧڵĿռֱӺȻ顣
һƬڣ
δ꣬뽣ƬڵĿռѷ֮вϽ䣬ΧĿռڶΪ֮
Լ˶ʮϢָƽռҲָ
УҶ뽣Զ֮ǧɡ
ĬϢȻǰѿѪǰܿ죬ǰ˿ڱǱһ֮סȻ˿ڿʼָ
̧ͷԶҶǿĽȽκνҪǿȻǺӽͼ
ȣ
ԶҶһʱһĨѪǻ˳ͬʱҲ֮˺ɫϸ֮¾ͻ֣ᷢȫ£Ѿ鲼ǼԪǿǣǰǿ
ܹ񹬵ˣ
˵ӵн棬ԷһսʸûУ
Ȼе㶪ˣʵ
ҹƣӦûܹʩչһ⽣
鳯Ҷȥʩչһɣ£һɽƾճǰͬʱĳǰȻһɫܣܳһɫâʱӿȻظ˽֮ϡ
ͬʱһĽֱҶ
ԶҶֻգ̧ͷһգʱäŮȻսǴ·磬Ҵʱĺֻڰ򡣵ǣäŮҪɱڶʱȻǲܵ飡
ҶһڴäŮǲеġˣҶԥͷ֮ϵĽӡܿ죬ӡԽԽͬʱĽҲԽԽǿϢ
䣡
Ҷ͵رһɿֲ뽣⣬ɽֺ󣬽ΧҶΧЩʱҶĽ˿
벽Ԫ⣡
ڵ֪äŮ޷ڶʱڽҶѡ˽벽Ԫֻнﵽ벽ԪܹǰĽԿ
벽Ԫ
˫΢Уһ̣ǰһָָһɫʱٶ֮죬Ҷû켣Ҷд󾪣΢æܡ
죡
һըҶֱӱ֮⡣
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ÿ죡ǿ
Ҷ̧ͷ飬ûԥҽ͵һ̤˻һ⳯Ž鱩ȥУҶֽס˽ӿҲӿ֮УҲȫС
δνҶٶɢǽ֮Ŀռ˺ѿ
Ҷ棬ɫ䣬ֻ̧ɲǼ䣬ǰǽɫ⽣ɵĽܶʱתŽܵĿתһɫǽ֮мֻһ˲ɫǽԶҶû
ˣ
ʱܼĽɫ֮кȻһЩɫ˲ɢţһֱǽɫ֮ϡ
䣡
һǽɫ˲Ȼѣڽɫѵһ̣ǽ鶸Ȼһ⳯ǰ
䣡
һڳȻлָĿռٴα
һƬڣ
ܿ죬ռָת˲֮ǻָĿռٴα˷ظʮκ󣬳еĿռȶ
УҶǽǧɣ˶վûж
ҶϣĽ类Ĺһ㣬ޱȣǽ顭ʱѾ

ʱȻҶ⽣ƽĽ֮УǺӽͼĽ֮⣬ûκһŽܹ֮ȡȻ𾪵ģҪ֪ǱҶװ
ȻҶ˵ǣⲢܷҶĿֲ
ϧûܹɱ㣡
Ҷ̧ͷ飬ԭΪԼĽ벽Ԫ֮󣬿Կնνһٻɱ飬ʧˡǰ⽣ʵԲĵŮȵĵŮҪǿ
ҲϾ⽣˲֪꣡
ɱң
ЦһҶ⽣ܹ޴ʩչ޴ΣܹʩչΣתͷߡǿϧڵʵֻʩչΣ𣿡
˵꣬Ȼ̧ͷһʣʱħѾȫѹƣֻаķݡò˵ӴħСäŮᣬ⻭ǻ
̵ס
ЦһȻԶҶ㻹е𣿡
ʱ䣡Ҷ˫΢У鱾ֱӳֵģ֮ǰʩչһնν󣬶ԷͿԳ˻֣ԶԷʵٶȣȫпûлʩչڶնν
ǶԷûôֻһͣǾǶԷʱ䣡
ΪʲôҪʱ䣿
Ҷ̧ͷһ֮ϵĺѵҪäŮɱäŮɱԽʵ϶޷ԿäŮġ
𣡡
Ҷɻʱͷ֮ϵĺͻȻһŭҶ뽣ͬʱ̧ͷȥֻǺȫ³һ㱡ĺɫĤɫĤֺäŮЩϣûиɰ˺ɢ
һĻҶɫʱһ䣬ǿˡ
ħһİػػ
ʱһԵĽȻЦÿʩչһΣǵķõʱƣʮܹʩչһΡڣ޹˼ɡԣսýˡ
˵ֳ꣬ǰһ̽ɲǼɫ⽣ԽΧĿռֶȻĳҶλüȥ
⽣Ҷ˫΢֮ǰʩչѹƽ飬ǣǽ鲻ڽϳԷʵǿ̫ࡣ
Է֮Ĳ࣬ǽо硣
ѹסĽ⣬ǣѹסԷľʵԷ̫߳࣬ʩչĺͿֱԷľ
ǽ޼ʦܣǵܹ񹬵ˣ
Ҷһֳǰһ̽ʩչٽ磬ʱ

һЦȻͻأƬ֮
Цһ˲еħäŮǽɫǱˡ
ҶɫҲˡ


1342 
äŮ뽣黹ħɫǱĽ䱸ҶȴǱĿϲ
Ϊʲô
ΪЦʶѾ˯˺ܾúܾõ棡
û뵽ѾŵаϢ
£һӰҶǰֶܿ죬˵С
ʣäŮɫһɣΪǴҶģҲ˵ҶһġǽɫЩѿˣرǺ޴֮Уأһ˿ɵ
ڶ˵ĴڣܹвǰδȴǸΣյĸо
ʲôޣ
ɻ󣬾ǽҲǡ
ʶ棬Ͼǲˣ뵱Ҳû½ԣڼЩ״ʱ뽣жʱɻ󡣵ȻǼɵ
ֺĿֱʵħУһ˿̰
һˣʱҶȻ
תͷҶûڲѣΪ㡣˵СǲǹҰȻΪʲôÿʱ㶼ʱ򣿡
Ҷ
ʱֵˡ͸㼸ʱѣҾͲ⼸ܿҡ˵̧꣬ͷʵħ塭ϧѪȻһҪɵһ
Ѫ
ЦһڿЦ𣿱½ͳ壬ѪѪҺ
Ѫ
˺ĻǿЦ㾹Ȼ˵Լ壬֪ʲô֪жֲ𣿲֪ˣҾһ¸ղŵĻѪڵѪ磬Ӧ˵棬ûһһ֧ЦǾȻԼ
һɺԣ
ŭ֪ĵͼȻ塭
ͼ
֣֮һֱ̣ӻһ𣬳Ǻײ˹ȥ
ߣ
ħһ֣ͬţһڣֱӳײȥ
Ҷ˵ע£ħݺݵײһ
䣡
˾㵵Ŀ֮УǱĺȻֱӱײ˳ȥңǺϵǵɫĤһҲѳϸСѷ졣沢û֣ͣһǺײ˹ȥ
䣡
֮ϣһħ񹥻£ڽڰˣϸǶϰٵʮɵѪۣЩȻצɵġħʩչǺڰػ󣬷֪˶ٱȻצȴǸ
һĻ·ҶжʱһɣԭЩģϾ˯֮ǰûôǿڿĵǶġڳ˯ʱʵ϶ָȻָ֪ʲô̶ȣǺʣ棬Ѿǵֻɱߵ棡
һԣڽڰˣɫǧ㣬û㵽ҶϾȻһôֲĴڡ
ӣ
гͷת˲ͱˡäŮڣûطӣҲˣ
ΪѾһˣ
һӿţΧĿռ俪ʼҲһĻһԵҶɫһ䣬⽣鲻ӣȻҪһˡڲʩչնν޷Էв
ңʱĽѾڿʼɣ
ʱäŮҶǰȻһָҶü䣬Ҷʱоһص֮УֺԴʱ࣬ңǷ֮ҲһЩ
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УäŮгأһ˿ǰäŮѾõǺӽͼ뿪硣ΪäŮûеõǺӽͼ㱻ɱȻȴĿʾˣֻܶ
ΪǰŮˣ
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ԵٶЩˣӦ˵е̬Ϣʱ䣬ǽʮ֮һβͶԵˣ
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ǺǺʱ޴֮Ǿ֮ɫΪ˰棬һڣ岻ϱСܿ죬С˰ɳСֱ֮һ·Ľȥ
Ҫ
ʱäŮȻڳ
äŮ˵ֱӻһڹ⳯ź˹ȥٶȻû죬˲Ϣ֮Ǳ׷ϣȻҶ㵵Ŀ֮Уֱץסβͣϵ֮Уţֿʼ
໡
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ȴûйħצӲ˺˺£彥ʬֲǺšֻܿԼ岻ϱ˺ѳ飬Ȼ¡
ԼʮϢ֮ϳ׻ָ
ʱ֮Ѿû˺ֻһϴűõ档
ҶһĻãȻæָԶĽ飬֣ɵ
濴һҶȻתͷԶĽ飬ţһŽȥ
Զ汩ʱɫ˲ҰиһĨ
äŮҲûţһһ⳯Ž˹ȥ
ֵܹסäŮ
Ȼܣ
ȻڽҪɥʱһȻ·𣬽ţһӰ˽ǰ
䣡
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1343 ƴ½
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ҶɫһߵʵȻǿȻҲܽäŮ𿪡
ȻվڽǱߵġ
äŮüҲȻҲû뵽ⷽ绹ǿߡҲǴһ˿أΪצϣһĺӡ
ǽҲһ˿ɻҲû뵽ͻȻһλǿߣҶԷڰ
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ǰǽ޼ʲôЦԷѵûܰ
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ҶɻʱԵäŮȻ
꣡
Ҷ΢΢һתͷȥȻ޼õģȷʵ塣ҶüͷԷʱ֣ʲô˼Ҫʲô
äŮҲûг֣ǽ޼꣬Ҷ֣ǽŵġҶ֪˵ֻǽ޼һ꣬ǽ޼ˣäŮҲɱ⽣顣ԸԸڴ½ͿԿ⽣Ǻĺж
޼Ҷ΢΢˵ͷĿҶϣ׼ȷ˵ҶͷϡҶͷϢ޼΢΢ҡͷʶĨվôˡ˵ţһҶ
޼ĻһԵĽɫЩ޼һ콾۹⼫ߣһ˸ۡڽڣδ˵õĿ佱ûõ޼͹
ڣ޼ȴǶҶ˵ҲȻҶǶǶҶ츳ʵҲǷǳϿɵġ
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Ҷһ۽޼ȻǰĿʲô
޼ЦЦȻ̧ͷ֮ϣʱʴµЩдӦñļˡ
ԣҶɫݣƻǣΪǷӡƣ
޼˵ͷⲻǽƣҪ½ò˷ѾҴսʱµɻɫǿҵʱʵ޷ƵڣӦÿˡ
ҶŽ޼ãȻֵ𣿡
ò˵ҶԽ޼ЩġΪ½һ꣬׼½ƵǽơǾԲġҶһ˽ˣ㣬һֱϣ
˵ҪԼѡκʱǽԼѷλ
޼ô˽ˡȻǣȴ壡Ϊоó޼Ϊ½룬ʲô˽ģ
޼ЦЦҵĵطң飬ܷûҲˣƫƫеȻȥΥģΥҽǽޣӦҵģ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷȻסÿ˵ĽͬĽ˽ģֻҪǶõģͻȥȥµĶȻкôģô޾޼Ľ
ֱһ˵ǣҶǻˣ޼ǺˣǻıȽϾõģΪֻȥԼ飬ˣ˴ʱҪȥһЩԼãԱ˺õ顣޼ˡңȫˡ
Ǿ仰ȻǶ˻𾴵ġ
޼΢΢ͷȻתͷһԵĽ飬Ž飬޼һ˿ӣ֪ҵִƽǺӽͼû뵽㾹ȻΪ񹬡
ⲻƵģɫЩ
޼ҡҡͷ֪ΪβִƽǺӽͼ
ҲҺ֪ģ
޼츳ǵ꽣ڳ֮õһǣĺӣһ߽ݾⲻ֪һ;ûнݾߡҲִƽ񹬣ϣܹרҪȨǣҲǺӽͼǲ߽ݾΪҪǺӽͼĿľͨǺӽͼݾս򣬶𣿡
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û˵ѣ
ʱһԵäŮȻ㣬۷壬ȴﵽ˰벽Ԫ֪ΪʲôΪʱǺӽͼн񹬣û´Щ϶ǽ˼˽֮ϣ԰ɣ
ɫףã֮ɫ
ĬΣ޼תͷäŮɷһ
äŮҡҡͷ㱾ڣҲ
鿴äŮã˵ʱһԵҶȻ
޼תͷȥֻǽɢ˵Ļ档
ȼ꣡
ȼ꣡
ѵҪȼʵ
ҶгͷܿͷͷΪʱϢûڱǣڲʧ
Ϊʲô޼
ĬģԽԽ͸Ƚ޼廹Ҫ͸ڽҪʧʱȻ̧ͷ޼ʦ֣Բ𡭡
£峹ʧ˳С
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˵꣬޼֮ϻȥ
ʱҶԵ濴ǳ֮ȥĽ޼Ȼˣ
һ˽ܣʱäŮҲ
Ҷ˵ͷ̧ͷʣʱ޼ٶԽԽ죬ɢĽââֺҶΧĽʱ
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1344 ɱзգ
ǿգǵ׺ˡǹǿ֮ɢ£Ϊһ㱡ľɫɴ
˿̣½̧ͷ֮ϵĺǿգдһ˿棬ǵһμǿա
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˿̣롣
һЩ߾ǿ˵ͲǺ뼤ǿϲнѡΪ˵½һΣרЩߡһӶ޷ڽֻܵ
ڣڽûˡǽˡ
С
Ҷ˳ĬãȻҪʱңԼ˵ֱ꣬ӻһâûҶǰ
Ҷ

ʱһԵäŮȻ˵꣬ת·ȥ
ҶæȥЩΪʲôΪ֮ǰģǺӽͼɾڤŮϡ

ڽ޼˵ʲôҪԼ߽ݾǻǶԽ˵ģѾ˽򣬺߽ݾһ˵
ʵҶ˵ҲһȻãԼʵǲȣԼҪպãֻҪպˣԽԽãղãǾͻʧԼ᱾ĩã
ԣһж̬⣡
ҶäŮ˺ǿäŮľʯߣäŮһᣬܿ죬ԶĺˮȻȥٶȺܿ죬һᣬǰĺˮ˵֮⣬ˮȥ֮һʯسҶäŮС
ҶäŮǿʯǰʯСûĹҲûʲôرĵطǼ򵥵ʯͷɡ
äŮĬãȻ÷һҲһޣǸʱһ뽣񹬣Ϊǵʱ½޵ʥء츳ãԣα񹬾ܾΪ˼뽣񹬣ֻпǸʱҾһֱܿ̿࣬ɹļ˽񹬣ֻһӡ
Ҷһʯأû˵
äŮ۱紵ҵĶ㷢˵ΪŵӺ󣬾ͻңһȥ񹬡˵⣬äŮ˶٣ֵǸʱҲ֪һֱ뽣񹬣ΪԼΪң
Ϊ㣿Ҷ⡣
äŮ΢΢ͷǸʱһδѣ廹ͨ˶硣Ǵ½ǿҩŵر֮ôŬ뽣񹬣ϣܹΪҩϧ֪ҵ壬κҩܹġ
ҶĬ
äŮֵŬ£ɹŵӣΪ̿࣬һλϿУΪͽܣͬʱҲӦΪ塣Ȼʱǽ鹴ħͻȻԽ񹬷͵Ϯ
˵⣬äŮͣһᣬȻΪԽ񹬵Լʵִƣˣڽħ£ǿ߱¾УҲ
äŮ˵ʱҶ֣äŮ۽Ǵ˳Ѫɫģ
ĬãäŮϵѪƾʧЩˡ˵꣬һӣΧЩʱ޷Ҷ
ҶĬ
äŮڵ֪ߵһ̣ҵһֱһֱϹˣȻҾˡⱲΪڣһǵûܹﵽ㣬ڶ¾ûԼϹϹͲˡ
Ҷҡҡͷò˵ħ뽣п϶ǱģΪɱһеϣȻһһڤŮסｫ꣬䡭һУΪһ۵ŵӡ
ɱзգ
סħǽˡ֪һģΪǺӽͼ
ʱäŮֵϣħ˳׺úˡʵҺܹɱħˡǣɱħǽ϶᳹Ϊ˽Ƕɱֻܵȣͷħƻָ
ʵû棬ҲܹӮ𣿡Ҷ֮ǰäŮĳҶ֪äŮ϶ûо
äŮĬƬ̣ȻĵЩ⡣
ôΣڤŮ㣬ҪӲǻ𣿡Ҷ
äŮתͷҶȻ۾ǱŵģҶоõڤŮڿãäŮ΢΢ͷұһ֣Խ㡣˵ǰҶΪڤŮ˵ϣôڣϿҶҶܵһԴ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴Ц㣡˵Ӧ˵׬ǰλһλǿ߰ңڤŮ㣬ڤŮǹѣˣнҲӦõġ
äŮ΢΢ͷȻתߵʯǰĬãäŮҪˡ鶼꣬Ҿ㣬ֱĵϡ
˵꣬äŮתҶԣȻץסҶļ
ߺԶĺˮʱ˹ת˲ʯرǱˮû
֮ϡ
Ҫ뿪ˡҶԣäŮ
ȥģҶʡ
ȥһ͸ȥĵطäŮ
ҶĬһᣬȻ֪𣿡ǵŮڵĵططһ֪֪äŮʶ㣬Ӧ֪
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äŮҪȥ򣿡
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äŮҪȥ򣬻߻磬ͱȥһط
Ҷæʡ
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ǿ֮ǣҶ⣬һ磿
äŮ͵һǣҲ˵һ磬ΪôһǡУǿմ󣬿Դ͵κһ֮Ǵһ崴ģרŷµС磬ȻҪȡã
ôȥǿ֮ǣҶʡ
äŮ̧ͷʣÿһƬǶһǿմҲУԣ½һֱǿȥͻᷢǸǿմˡУͻﵽǿ֮ǡ
Ҷ˵ͷˡ
ʱäŮ̫գֱ̫̫ӣעһ鷳ϡĳɾͣҲΪӡҪףѾû˻ͷ·ֻ;ԼǿΨˣܹԶΪʧģ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷȻڤŮ˵ġⱲΪԼԸ˲֪ˣ˲֪¡ԸǸĲˡ
ҶίԼñˬ飡
˵ңҾʮ㡣
жг𵱳
˵ԭҲԸ
äŮͷ·ǸλãǽʯصλãλãäŮң
˵꣬äŮһֱӻһֱǿա
·Ҷ㶣ȻæǺӡ
δ˵꣬ǿպȻһ׹⣬׹ٶȼ죬˲ǰ׹ɢȥҶʱסˡ


1345 
ǰһƲŲǳμäŮʱäŮǿƲʱΪһȻһȻäŮҲøˡ
ƲΣҶָһһƽûС
䣡
Ʋʱɢһ貵ĹâţһžɫͼҶǰͼһףֻаײͼϣһƬհףʲôҲûС
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˼ãҶַͼϣڽӿ
ӿ֮ͼȻҲת˲ͼֱʧΧĳȴͼʧһ̱ˡ
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ʱҶǿ֮Уͷܣ޾ǳ
ʱҶԡ
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Ҷ˵ͷӿǺӽͼһ̣Ǻӽͼǽǿ֮СҲ˵ڵڻþ֮Уʵ
ЩǳʱȻ
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һǳǿľ룬㿴ЩǳǺܽǳ˵⣬˶٣Ȼû´ǽ޼ƬǺһǿͶӰ
ǿͶӰҶԽˡ
˵ͷͨǿ޾ǳͶӰǺӽͼ֮У򵥵˵ǣǺӽͼһСǿաǺӽͼڵЩǳǿյЩǳضʲôϵˣ߶ǺӽͼʱܹǺǳ
ô˵ҶЩˡǺӽͼǽ޼ǿģģǿգǣǺӽͼڵЩǳȴǶģǸǿյǳϵ
ˣ߶ǺӽͼڵЩǳʱЩǳΪý飬ǿЩǳ
˵ʵҲõΪΧЩǳǳǿǳһͶӰ
ôЩǳҶʡ
ʩչԣ
Ҷ˵ͷƾճ˳У˲ǽеǳǡֺ󣬳Щǳʱɢ˵Ĺââǹ⣬ǽ⡣ǣ֮⣬ûһ㶯
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ҶܹܵÿһǳܹܵЩǳı塭Ҳ˵˿̽ǺӽͼܹܵǺӵǳǸܣоõԼǺӵЩǳһ˿ϵ
ΪʲôǺӽͼҪܹʩչˣ
ʱǽ޼Ǻ棬û´ڴǺӽͼʱ˽ҲֻϽ򣬲ܹĸܵЩǳȻǺӽͼǺӽͼֺʩչ֮˱ӦЩǳ֮ϵҪӦЩǳ֮ϵֻս򡭡Ҳֻнܹ
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£ֱӻԶ黯һ̣еЩǳپҲ
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ڻãȥĻҪʩչһǳǿԵģе󣬱ȼĴ۶Ҫ
ȼֻǵ磬߶Ҫģ
ܲþ;ã
ҶЦЦȻʵǳǷǳֲģô˵ʩչսǽ飬ǽҪ˵ɱ飬ǻ½пܣ
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ѹҪǿĽ⣬ܹѹһзܹ֮һЩ֮ԼϢڣֶѧһǾܸӦ壬ֱΪý飬ٻ
ΧϾʯĻֻҪʩչ򣬸ӦϾʯЩϾʯϵͿֱӽЩϾʯڵ߶ɽԵС
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ĽܹƬʱ


1346 뿪ˣ
ܹƬ棬ʱƬڵһ嶼Իû
뵽⣬ҶЩܿ죬˹
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ڽҲֻܸǲҶѣ
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ҶҲżڲŵߣžҲǻģһܹģ
ջ˼Ҷɨһ۳е޾ǳȻһʱΧһпʼܿ죬һлָǺӽͼǰǰǺӽͼҶǷһĨЦݣǺӽͼˣҲʧˣʱ뿪ˣ
Ҷ飬߰ɣ
˵ͷһûҶǰ
ĩճǣ
ҾܲƵϣλϣҶǰäŮƵϣΪڽħڣħѾˡȻûΣգȻҪ˵ܲƵȥϾʺϽ˷չ
Ҷ飬Ȼᷴԡ
ҶĿ·ưϣ࣬ƽ񵺵ȫȨ𡣡
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Ҷ˵ͷȻɨһ۳ˣˣԺ½˵£һɰฺҵκ˲ΥȻҹѾȨư࣬ҪԱ̬һ£ı̬ưӵ˳պҲܸӵͨ
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Ҷ˵ͷ⣬˶°ɡ
ܿ죬ֻʣԪҹơ
Ҷһӣ߿ܳưǰ߿ߡȻưȨǣʵ̫½ʱ˵ȻΥư뿪ˡʱڿܾ˻ưΥˡ
ɲʱһ߰Ľˣ
ư࿴һǰ߿ܣȻһѽ˹õģ
Ҷ˵ͷʱưֵм¡
ǵ壬𣿡Ҷ
ư˵ͷѾ˻򣬵ǣҶ뿪֮Ҫɱʱεֵ壿
ģһᴦãҶ
ư˵ͷȻҶ˵ᴦãȻڵġԥһ£ʲôʱ
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ҶҡҡͷҲ֪ģǿ϶һȥصġԺǽ˵ܲ淢չĺã߲ãǶġ
ֻǹһˣ϶ᷢչʲôһһɣǣһˣҪػԣȻҪչȥġ׷ΪػԼ׵ˣչҲһ
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ҶЦЦȥɣȥһˡ
Ҫּһȥ𣿡ҹƵ
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ҹƵңʵĿģ
˵꣬ŮһЦ

뿪ĩճǺҶλȥȷʵһܴ⣬ǲ뿪½ġ⣬ȻûѡĻ
ܿ죬ҶλãһǴ͹Ȧڡ
սȦڣҶüͷΪȦڵĴͨȻǷյġ֪Ĵرˡ
ĬãҶͷϵĽӡţֳǰһ̽ܿ죬յĿռڳʮʵʻ⽣ʮ񽣰ΣҶתһʧ˿ռ֮ͨС
ʮ⽣ȻΪ˷壬ڵʵʮ⽣ٿնɱüλޡޱ٣֮ǰսʧһЩ˵ʱѾκεʧ
ҪҲǺܾúܾԺ顣
ңʮ⽣ҲһźţպҪ⽣ڣԷضҪƵ⽣һԷƵ⽣ڵһʱӦ
ãʱӦûи˼ˡû󣬽壬ܻҡ󣬲ò˵λŮӣҶҲǾġͻȻ֣˴Ŀǰ
ԭأҶҡҡͷջ˼Ȼתһʧʡ
򣬳ڴ
ˣ
ȷ𣿡
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ãߣȥ֪ͨ峤
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˭֪˵峤֮˭˭
ҪڣͲˡ

뿪֮Ҷȥ˽񵺡ûǣڽϣһԭס񡣽ҪǨƵϣǾͱȽϵЩԭסãر򼡣
һʱҶ˽ϡ
ҶֱľסأҶյǴɽ˳Ҷɫɵ
ҶäŮ֮뽣˴սʱǿġ֪ʱҶѾܹ⡣
ҶҲϻֱӵҵ˶ҪᵽԲ뿪ǣ㲻ҵ˳֡
ҲӦأ
ھͻҶ
ƤһһҶȻãҴӦ
Ҷؿһ򼣬ʱæ࣬ҼȻӦ㣬һֻҪ˲鷳Ҿȥ鷳
ҶЦЦţûɱ㣬Ҿе㣡
ʲô£ɫЩ䱸Ҷ޳ܣ̹ġ
ҶҪ뿪½ȥ£ϣҵ񵺺æչչˣǷһ飬Σڽ񵺵ĿģʵǿԵģԸæչһ½ˣǾϮҲеֵ֮
ҿҲҪ뿪ˣʱ
ҲҪ뿪Ҷ㵵
˵ͷȻѾû˽ƣȻҪ뿪Ҫʱ䡣ģû뿪֮ǰһտһˡҶǿߣȻԸύġ
л
ҶЦЦȻ򼱧˱ȭǣ
˵꣬Ҷתʧʡ
ʣһ޼

뿪񵺺Ҷֱӻص˽ˣ֮С
ҶĿҹϣ˶𣿡
ڵ׼ҹƵ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ʱɫͻȻȻ䣬Ȼ˾㵵Ŀ֮УҶֱʧԭء


1347 Сۣþò
֮УҶ鼤˷ϲ
Ϊʲô
ΪҪָˡ
ʱڵСתһɹϢ
Ҷڷ֮Уš
ЩЩ˷ܣȻĻڴΪ⣬ϾͿԼʫˡ
ʫϦ£գСѩ
˲ʱ
䣡
һɿµϢȻĩճУĩճ˴󾪣Ǻܿ죬ϢȻʧͺûгֹһ㡣
֮УҶ˫ۻܿ죬ʧԭء
ڡ
ҶǰһŮӣ£ȹɡŮӣȻʫǰ˵ʫҶ˫۶ʱʪЦЦߵʫǰȻʫ˻
ţʧȥһ㣡
ãҶڼˣ
ԣʫ۽Ҳ峺Һ塣رգҶʧȥϵû֪ζȹġ
ĵ
ҹҹĵ
ֿʱʱҶ
ιأ
ʱһȻԶ
ԣʫæɿҶҶ̧ͷȥһȹķ欵ŮĿ
Ϧ£
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㣬ʲô
ԶһСӵСŮĿҶϦ¡СŮֻа˾꣬һ黨Сȹӣ۾ģģҶӡ
ѩܿ
СŮԱߣһʮŮӺȻСŮ۾ססѩ۾ŮְұߵһСŮ˹գҲ
㣬Ϊʲôܿգգۣ⡣
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ԶϦɿҶȻҶʵЩ˶Ůˣ
ԣһԵʫҲҶ
Ҷߣôɫ𣿡
û𣿡Ϧ·ʡ
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ǵ𣿡ʱһԶ
Ҷʱһ̧ͷȥֻһСӵСŮĿ
ҶһȻһСŮǰ䱧˻Цѩԣڽһ
ѩһԶʫʫЦ΢΢ͷ״ѩҶԥһ£Ȼ
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Ϊһףǲϸģ
磡ʱһЩӵȻһ
ҶתͷȥֻʱڿУЩӣЩԥһ˿ϲ
ջǵģҲôС岢ûзʲô仯
գҶЦЦȻ֣ԥһ£ȻߵҶǰҶֱӽҲȻѩϸһڡһʼѩҶЩ֣Ǻܿ죬ҶȻڽСʱǽеĺȻˡ
뱦һᣬҶһԵŮ
СۣþòŮһЦ
Сۣ
ҶЦЦôģȻֻбʱıѾŮȻ͸ŹŹ־顣˱ԶһԣһŮӣŮйٶԹ
ŮǸҰ㣡
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷǴк
ҶҲŰ΢΢ͷȻԷйԹǣѾ˽ˡ뵽ʲôҶתͷʫʫҼǵõǶҵһЩ˱͵˺ڣΣ
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ͺãҶ˵ͷ飬׵⣬κ֪Ҳñ֪
СأҶʡɨһ۳УûпС
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ۣ
Ҷɨһ۳ˣЩȣΪеʫϦ»а㶼ﵽ˵ߣⲻϲıﵽ˸߼ʥߡѩȻﵽ߾
֪Ҷ𾪣ʫΪԣңܲһԣǵٶȺܿ졣
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Ҷ˵ͷڵȻǺܳԣϾô٣ȴô࣬ңɲһȻȺ࣬ȴһҪò֪ٱ
ˣȻҪĶ࣡
˵˵ЩľɣʱʫȻ
ԣ˵˵˶ٸŮҲ©һԣϦæ
ҶЦЦȻʼԼߴ½磬½Ҫ˵һ¡ȻеЩΣյû˵ʫ˵ġ
ȻҶû˵Σյ飬ʫŮô᲻֪еգ
ʫû˵ʲôֻסҶ֣š
Ҷɨһ۳ŮԺǾͱֿˡ
½ʱʫȻ
ҲǣһԣϦµ
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ΪʲôŮҶǲ⡣
ʱϦµ㽨ڿ϶Ҫ绹еֶεģʫʫýȢӣȶġϾֻҪ˾ͻ֪϶лһ죬һţ½Ӧòġ
ҶĬΣȻҲڷֿ
ʫ΢΢ҡͷǲΪ׸
ȻѾǵߣǣڵҶ˵սУѾﲻʲôǼҶֻҶ׸½ĻǻܹﵽҶ
ҶЩԥȻ֪ʫŮ½һܺõѡ񣬱Ͼưһ˹˻ǷǳģҪ֪ҹһ˹˶ЩģοưࡣԣʫŮҪԽ˵ȷʵкܴĺô
ǣռ棬ĲʫŮֿرѩ
֪Ҷ룬ʫҲֿǣǸ㡣
ҶɨŮһۣȻ˵ͷá
ҶʫŮʱ˶ʱ۷׷ףԪҹƽľ㵣ϾǶûʫˡ
ӣҶ˽ʫŮ˶ʱһƬȻ
Ȼ𾪣ɻ󣬵ǣ˺ܿʫŮݡ
ΪʫŮĳ֣ҶƳǰ硣ʫŮ˲ʮҶŴ˳ƽ뿪½
ףػ𣿡·ѩѾڵƽʡ
ʫѩСԴЦһģΪѩļҡ

ƽϣҶԼķڣʱ˺С
κָˣ˵㣡
һҶһƬɵ磬Զһţʱǿŵġ
Ĭһ˲Ҷ˽ȥ
ôܡ
ȥ֮󣬶ʱҶľ


1348 Ȩζ
Ҷǵ֮һңҲ󣬳ֻвɣ棬ʲôûС
տҲ
Ҷɻ֮ɫ
ʱҶԣɨһܣȻü΢ЩԾ
ҶϸһΧȻ˵ͷȷʵЩԾ
ȻҶ뽣鶼оЩԾﲻԾ˶˵
ãȻͫһ֪ˡ
Ҷ飬ʲô
תͷҶȥڽ
Ȼ⽣⣬Ҷˡ뿪ңȻ߽֮Уüͷ壬Ϊûʲôܿ죬Ҷͫ΢ôܣ
֣֮еʱ䲻һ
˵ͷ𾪣ţ侹Ȼд˵ʱǺεȵͨ컯
ʱҶ⡣
͵Ӧ֪߾ǿߣӵʱ䷨ܹһʱڣöٶȱĻǵٶȴĿռȴܹʱ򵥵˵ǣʮ꣬ʵ棬Ųһ꣡
ԣҶɫʱˡ
ʮ꣬һ꣡
̫ˣ
ʱֵѾʱ䷨ѾԽʱ䷨ͨλߵʵѾﵽһҶ󲻵ĲΡ
Ҷ˵ͷһֱ֪ߺǿǳǿҪֻ֪һƷͰѽ޼ɵ˰ǺεȵĿֲǣ֪Էǿʲô̶ȡ
ʱҡҡͷ̫ˣպδؾͲܴﵽǸΡңպ°빦ﵽߣָտɴﵽ߰ɣߵʵ˵ԶԶ
Ȼ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ߶Ѿ첻ʲôвǣɲֻߣа񾳣֮ϣ߾߾֮ϣиǿġûǿʵһһäŮǿߣʱΣ
ǿϱǿ
ҶɨһܣȻ߰ɣһʱڣʱԽ
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СŮǻԵСߡ
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ҶûзСߵ¯ǰ¯ڣһܻ档Ż棬Ҷɫ
ĭСǿֲܿûǰǿ
ĭСΣյĸоĸоɲΣգǰȻֲĸоҪ֪äŮǽ黹ħûиָо
ѾǼԪ¯϶һ˲ͻΪҽ㣬Ųɣ
ܲ
ͷڲеģһۼʱͷǰͷǱԼˣʱʵ̫ͷǱĺáڣѾߣʵ𵱳ǿ˲֪١
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Ҷ뽣תȥʱһȻڳ𣺡Ĳ
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Ҷ˵ͷһȻ뽣뿪¯
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ҹƵ˵ͷȻڸǣΪţǲҲӣȥǳ֮ơǣʲô뷨
ҲǿǼ뽣ˣҶȻôҲܹôΪ»
˼ˣ
ҹƵҵһ취
˵˵Ҷ
ҹƵ棬ǣǽˡ
˵Ҷ
ҹЦһ½ǽ˵̫С𣿡
ҶҹãȻƣĺܴҲԶ
ҹƵղֹһ磬ǽԽԽǿպȻܹʲԷ⣬ҲҪø硣ǻµ󣬿ԷֳһǣɼȥǸ罨ԼһպȻǽˣʱǶߡ
ҶһҹƣƣǲѾڿʼպ˷չˣ
ҹƵ˵ͷ飬ȻҪ㣡
ҶЦ֮ң
ҹЦЦȻʵҲϲġ֪ӶʱЩУϰĴڡȥÿһطŵӣߵǿߣǶԶԶģŭǡڣȻֻǵߣʹ߾ǿҲҶҲ
˵ţҶ֣Ȼ󻺻սȨζ
ҶҹϢȻȻˣǾԼϵȨԽԽɣ
ȻҹЦ
ҶЦЦȻתͷԶǵˡ
Զһ޴ǳ͹Ȧ˵äŮ˵Ǹͨǿ֮ǵǳ


1349 ˶춷
Ҷ£ƽٶȼӿ죬Ǵ֮С
봫һصʱ˵ϣţһǳ̾͵Ŀռ˵ǰܿ죬һ貵ǳ⣬ЩǳסҶ˺ǰһжʼģ
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֪˶ãҶ۾ʱѾһ޴ʯ̨ϣʯ̨ܴ󣬳вǧɡʯͷϿգһ޴ǳ󣬸ղǾǴ⴫ġ
ǵΧƽµʯ̨Ȼ鶼ǣҶɨһۣʯ̨
㿴棡ʱҶԵҹƺȻ
Ҷ̧ͷȥֻ֮ϣǳ֮ϣܶǳеԶ
ѹֽǿ֮ǣ
ҹƵһ򣬶ǿ֮нĳС
Ҷ˵ͷһ˿ء֮ǰäŮ˵ǿ֮Ǵһ崴ģ֮ǰνļûʲôڼǣ˵һΪֲĴڡ
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뵽СףҶ˫ֲս
ĭС䣡
ҶһĨɭɱ⣬Ĵˡû뵽ĭС侹ȻٻеǿץС϶֪͸òϧһдնɱĭС䣡
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ҹָһһöɽ˺ڼǰڼɨһۣɽ֮УһöϾʯһöϾʯҲһöɾ൱һµٺ»ûԥɽȻҹƣҽʯĸˡ
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ʯҡҡͷʯҵģֻҪʯҽ𣬾Ϳڳп̡ˣȻҲ֪̻ĸ磬ͦʵģҲǧȥǵ⡣Ӧ˵ܹп̵ģʵġ
ˣҹ΢΢ͷȻ˼֪ʲô
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ܿ죬Ҷһ¥Ҷƴֱ֣Ӱһ¥
֮УҶ˺֮УȻʼڵһ죬൱ʮ죬ңȻҪú˷һϢʱ䣡
ʵڴĲ㣬оŲ㣬ÿһ㶼ܴľϲر㣬Ѿ죬ǵĲأңĲȥ
ܹƿ𡭡붼Щ
ջ˼Ҷʼר
ʱҶȻ۾ȻصʵС
Ҷ
Ŵ򿪣ҹ˽
ûȤȥǸῴҹʡ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷߣȥ
ҹǿ֮Ņ̀ۿȥǳرյǳЩǳ·˵ͷֿɼ
ʵԼϲƽƽĶȹһҲܲǳҶ
ҹƿһҶȻǳΪߵһ̿ʼζҪ˶춷һ;޾ҲζţⱲӿܶҪ˶춷û취㲻ͻ
ҶЦЦҾпп
˵꣬Ҷӿ˽Ų
ҹƿһҶȻȥ
ܿ죬̻ᣬ˽ʮöɾʯᣬʱѾʼ
Ҷҹ˸λ£ÿλ֮䶼ĺԶʮɣһ󷨷к󣬾ͻ᳹ױ˵ʶ޷Ӧ
Զһмһ޴ʯ̨ʯ̨֮ϣһɫȹŮӣŮӳϹº͵Цݡ
Ůɨһ۳УȻλһλūȲ˵ȿ˵ţ֡
ܿ죬ŮҲĴȻţһӰʯ̨ϡ
ʱ֮еҶȻվУš


1350 ˵˵ף
ʯ̨֮ȹŮӵԱߣһӣɫҰףţϣһɫɫɢĽɫ˿߲
Ҷ֮𾪣Ϊʶӣ
ӲǱˣǵȥӵŮǷٲף
ôһһū
Ҷüͷ壬ɻ
ѵǵŮˣ
ˣҶͫ΢˫ֻͬʱһɿֻŸĵ˿
ҶԵҹʣʶ
Ҷһ
ҹƿһҶȻתͷԶʯ̨
ԶʯͷϣȹŮɨһܣЦλɲСҶӦ򣬴ʱħսʱ򴦾ƺܲ
˵⣬ȹŮӺȻȻһЦˡԹսӦö˾ս壬ңλСءսĴ֮һĵٲסʵѵ߾ƻǣѾУԣλ⣬Է£߻߱ѣһɾʯ
ս᲻鷳ʱһȻڳ
ȹŮӿ۰˵λãȻλ£ֻ̻˵һ£ڹãܾҪˡΪҵõϢʱħĽսУѾڽڰˣûбİ֣Źһ꣬սҪˡ
ΪʲôһȻڳ
Ҷ˵ġ
꿴һҶҹƵλãȻջĿ⣬λһɾʯʼɣ
ˣ
֮УҶӣЩΣƤҲת˲ͻָȻԵҹơ
ҹƵҽʱ򣬷һ㣬Щλǲͬģ㿴ǱǸ˵ţҹָʮһλãλͬţ󷨹֮ϣССĽ֣
𣿡ҹƵ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ļ򵥵ǣλǴλãûݵģԣ˼ȻȥԷƽЩȻֹۿ˵͵ЩУʵûʵûݣ˵ˣʱԼ׵˶ῴ
Уʱٲ׵ļ۸ѾеһǧɾʯҲʮϾʯʮϾʯͨ˵һ֣ǶڳЩ˵ʮϾʯֻСǮСǮ㲻ϡ
븻֮Ĳ࣬ġ
һҪ𣿡ʱҹƺȻʡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ֪ٲΪλ䵽˵زǶԷǵŮ£ȻˣȻóȡ
ҹƵ˵ͷȻԶʯ̨ǧɾʯ
ԣʯ̨ϵһתͷҶҹƵλá
ҶҲЩȵĿҹƣҹһ¾ʹһǧɾʯᵽǧɾʯʮϾʯܿ죬ҶȻˡʮϾʯȻһʲСĿһλ߾ǿ߻ֵġ
ǧ壡
ʱһȻڳ
Բ̨ϵǶʱһĨЦݣ˾ǼǮͻԽԽߣļǮԽߣõķֳȻҲԽߡ
ǧ
ʱһڳ
ҹ˵ġ
ҹƺǧʱҶ۽̲סһ£ʮϾʯһļҲûˡ
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ȻڵѪҶûֹҹơ
ҹƵĲƴ֣ס֮ǰм۵ˣˣǽŮӷѯΣȻû˳ۺٲױǹҶˡ
ҹƿҶЦʹ𣿡
ҶʵЩ
ҹƵڱصãֻôУȻһ⣬Ǯܻᱻ̧ĸߡȻ໨һЩǰȫ
Ҷ˵ͷס
жϾʯʱҹƺȻʡ
һٶôҶ
ҹƹŹֵĿһҶ벻ףô׬ôϾʯģϽ˰µˡ
ҶЦЦȻ۾һ˰µ룿˰ôࣿ
ҹգգۣô㲻֪ˣҺǸ˵ˡ
Ҷ
ҹЦ֪һĽǷоסжϾʯ϶󲻵͵Ƿѣһ¾нʮϾʯ˽ǷѣеշѣЩĵ̣סѵȣһǽ˵ϾʯҡȻкܴһֶҪóάĩճǵתǣʣĻкܶ࣡
γдϾʯɣҶʡ
ҹƵ˵ͷҶæʣ˶١
򡣡ҹƵ

Ҷ㵣Ҳɾʯ
飬Щ𣿡ҹưһҶ
ҶЦЦƣҺȻЩˡᱳң챳ңƽ˻ᱻͿա
ҹƵȨ̫̫ˣ󵽽˳֮⣬ġʹǽ飬ҲӣΪУĸεˡܶ˾ҹƵ˼ʵҶ˼
ҹƱѣ˿϶Ҫ֪˶ҹģԽ˼ֱָƣ˽Ҫ
ҹƿһҶ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷЦֻҪҲһӶᱳѣҲң𣿡
ҹƿҶãȻЦЦŵˣԶġ
Ҷ˵ʱȻһ£ūǸ͹ˡ
ҹƵ
ҹ£һڼӴŷٲ׳ҶǰҶʱٲ˫۶ʱԲ㣬㡭ô㡭
ȻʶҶģŮָ͸ҶʱԹҶҶɱģֻŮֹˡû뵽Ҷһ¡
ʶʱǺڼʡ
ҹָһһöɽǺڼӵǰڼɽ䣬Ȼ΢΢һһҹƵǰڣĴָСɫ壬Ƿٲ׵ꡣ
ҹǺڼӶҶ˱˱ȭȻһУڷٲϵת˳ȥ
ٲ׿һҶл
ҶҡҡͷС¡˵˵
ٲԥ£ȻˡֱԣС飬㻹Ǳֵĺá
ʱҶȻʧԭأҶʧһ̣ٲɫ䣬֣ʱһɿֲѹͻȻѹϣһ̣һü䡣
Ҷ俴Ǵľķٲף˵˵𣿡


1351 £
⣡
ٲҶţû뵽ʱҶȻﵽ⣡
Ҷջ˽㣬ǿϣҪ̫Լ¡ڣ˵˵顣
ٲ׳Ĭ
Ҷ˫΢Уȥū𣿡
ٲɫ΢䣬ڲԼɻҶϡĬһᣬСĴǲ
ϸ˵˵Ҷ
ٲ׵СƻָȻǲħ򣬵ҲһЩƣǿܹ֮ԿǣǰħͻȻһЩǿߣЩǿֺ߳Ƕʱʧ߸磬ңСҲħħս֮ˡ
ԣҶ˫ֻսã˵
ٲ׿һҶȻǵ֪ͻȻֵǿߣģ
ػˣ
ԣҶ˫΢ķΧػ˵ĵ̣
ٲ׵Сֵ飬ħ֪ˡˣħȥػ˽ˣػΪС㵱ĳֺǲԣһļϣȻػɳǿħ򡣡
ˣ
Ҷһ˫ۻ
ٲ״һҶȻޱȣҪ֪ҶʱҶŰʥȴѾߣңʵѾ˵ĿֲȻ֮ǰΪ⧲ϸջָɣûűҶһסǣҪ֪ҶŵߣѾ߾ǿߣ
һߣûҲܹӻ־ͽģ
УҶĬãȻڴΣ
ǻʣ硣
ٲ׵ȥָһꡣ
һ꣡
Ҷ˽еĽȻһ۷ٲףΪʲôᱻץס
ٲԥһ£ȻڵĴ⣬ûԮضᱻ𡣵ǣڵûĸԸ򡣡
ǼҪǸ򣿡Ҷʡ
ٲ׵˵ͷʵǿ󣬲ħǿ϶ܹɹΣǣҪǳ棬ͱҪС޹ȥΣҾרǰ򡭡˵⣬һҶ顣

ҶһĨɭ亮â˼˼
ٲԥ£ȻС˼
𣿡Ҷŷٲףɫ˲
ٲһΪҶĶɱ⣡
˵滰ҶŮƢκ˶ҲֲЭˣҪԼ˵ķʽȥԮ飬ǾԲġ֪ûȥƢԻս
ٲ׳ĬһᣬȻǼ˼
ͬ⣬ǼôҶ
ٲ׵ͬ⣬˶
ڱҶ
ٲ׵ôô죿֪ÿһ죬ǶȥǵõȥЩˣЩˣѾȫˡ
ҶĬΣȻ㲻ȥʲôˡ
ʲô˼ٲ׵
ҵģ
Ҷֱӷٲף飬
ٲ㶣Ȼѿڶ㲻ԡ˵Ҷ˵⣬ͻȻͣʱɻҶϣҶһһǺһŭҶҶŪ
ҶȻ֪ٲ׵뷨ںһ۷ٲףȻôū
ٲ׵ǰʱаƽ̵ˣȻץˡ
аƽ̣Ҷüĸģ
ٲҡҡͷһ֯κһרŲ׽ޣǿߣħ壬塭֮ʲôץȻͷ֯֯Ǻأûй̶ĵطԣ˵ˣжˣжǿߣû֪
˵⣬ٲ׿һҶ֯жԶӶԶ֯ڵǿߣԶ󡣾ħ򣬶֯
аƽ̣
ҶҡҡͷȻ͸ңף
ȥȱˣٲ׵
ڻȥҲ޼£
ҶҴһȥ
Ҫȥ򣿡ٲ׳
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ˡֱԣȥʵٲ׵
ҶҲҪȥ
ٲ׻˵ʲôʱҶȴǰ˰֣ϻö˵ˡţžˡ
ٲ׿һҶû˵
ҶҲûڹܷٲףתͷԶʯ̨ʱѾҲŵرҲУǲ֮мɾʯ
Ǯ
ҶһθоԼ
ֿһᣬıﶼܲмЩģǣ̫ˣҶ뿪۲ĺá
Ҷ׼뿪ʱȻλһǳԪƷ
⣬ҶȻͣ˽Ųתʯ̨дһ˿ϲ
ǳ
ǳⲢǳݰ¹ԺԺ˵ǳǵ¹ԺǿżȻãǲ֪ʲôԭֻвбȻֻǲбѾΪ죡
ڵʵбǳѾûʲôˡΪԼѾԶǲбǳˡ
ҶĿϣš
ԶɨһܣЦŽ͵λǳԪףǽϰᣬǰ¶ƿķ׼ǧɾʯÿκ۲õһǧɾʯ
ǳƺֻǳ֮ɣʱһȻڳ
ԣɫ΢䣬ȻһԶҶİᣬ΢䡣Ȼ֪ǳֻǳ֮ǣϳǳ½⣬ûǳ֮Ҳ˵ǳ֮ģȻǳһ˵Ǽߣ߶磡
ԭ˲֪϶ǳڣ֪ˣ϶ûںˡ
Ȼڵֻ֪ǳܹ֮󣬳ûһ˺ۡ
俴һҶλõİᣬȻ˵ʱһȻڳ𣺡ǧɾʯ
£ĿٴҶ˵λãΪǴ洫ȥġ
гĬãȻû˺ۡ
ԪױȻãǣںʲôãǧɾʯɲһСĿ
Ϣû˺ۡ
ʱ֮еҶⶫǲǹˣ
꿴ҶλðΣȻЦȻ
ܿ죬ǳ͵Ҷķ䣬ġ
꽫һݵҶǰЦϲˣ
ԣҶ˫۶ʱ΢


1352 һ
֪ң
ҶȻǾȵģΪûǿ֮ǣǵһμ档ǶԷȴ֪ΪʲôԷ֪ɲԼѾˡ
ǣ
ʱҹƵû´֮ǰµһƷʱӦѾȥˡҪǵʵһܼ򵥵£磬ֻҪ鵽Ǵĸ̨Ȼͻ֪
ҹƵĻ꿴ҹƣһĨ𾪣Ϊҹ˵ģһ㶼ûҶµһƷʱѾ˵ˡܹ־óǧɾʯˣ϶ͨˡ
ı飬Ҷ֪ҹƲµİ˾ŲʮˡлЩȵģ̻ʵܹ˶̵ʱڲ鵽ɼ̻ǿ֮ǵǺεȵĴ
£Ҷ
ջĿ⣬Ҷû뵽½ĽƾȻƵˡң½һͳҸû뵽ͳһ½ģȻһλߡ˵ţһҶе棬Ըµʵͳһ½ģ
Ϊ£Ҷ
Ȼǣ
ЦЦȻóһɫľݵҶǰǵͨѴﵽһɾʯģԻô˿ӵд˿պǲǰԤԼλãܹ̻Żݡ
ҶҲܾ˿Ȼǻ£ȸˡ
̻ỹҪһѹƷһҲԪף𣿡
ҶҡҡͷûɾʯˣҲǰ׿ԣǲĺáˡ
˵꣬Ҷͣҹת뿪˷䡣
֮У㶣漴ҡͷЦȻġϧһŹ½ǰ磬С綼磬ֵطˣȻûʲôύļֵ

뿪̻ҶƣһǸʲôʱ޸áڵ֪ŮĴѾȲȥѰϾ˽ˡ
֮ǰѾȥˡֻҪ޸һһʱ֪ҹƵ
Ҷ˵ͷаýҹƴߣ¿Զڣ˲֪鷳
û˵Ҷ˼ӿٶȣص¥ҶصԼ䣬ҹ⣬κ˲
֮УҶóǾǳһ򿪣Ǿǳֱӻһǹûü䣬ţһϢС
ǳԪƷʩչǳ֮壬徧
ãҶ۾Ȼһʧ˷֮С
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ʵǳͨǳ𲢲󣬶ͬˣ˵ǳȫᳵ·رǿ֮ǣǳ̫֮Ũˣ
ǰȱǳǳ֮壬ȻЩǳ֮ƤѪԼ֮Уڣǳ򲻵ǽǳ֮ȫҪ峹׾Ϊ
νǳ壬ʩչǳǹЩǹʵʻ嶼ǳ塣
濴ԭǳûʲô𣬵ʵʣܴʵ
ʱҶȫ·Ȼѣܿ죬忪ʼɱ䣬һᣬҶƤ϶һ㾧ɫƬģҶȫ£˫۵Ĥһ㾧ɫƬĤϵƬ͸ģ
ˣЩɫƬ֮ϣеľɫ
ãҶվԼƬҶһȻḧһԼǰһ飬ҶһҪ֪ʱϿҲǱƬǣǣȴܹܵЩƬıζʲôζЩƬ˿Ӱ
ȷʵȻһƬЩƬͺûһˣоԼһЩ
£ҶһȻǰ
ҶָָԼǰ飬һܲƵҵķھ֪жǿֱǿǳǿڵķվŸ߾ǿߴϸһһҹû⣡
鿴һҶȷ
ȻҶ˵ͷ
΢΢ͷȻֱӻһ˽棬ȻһҶǰ
죡
һҶֱӱĳɣҶͣɫѿΪǰһֻƬ˸ûУȻǽֵԵʡ
ôҶɫͳˮ

ʱҶǰ˵ǳֻԪƷԪ֮ϣҲܹƿ
ԣҶʱȻˡ⽣ǳԽƷ׵İǳǿҲƷ׵ģȴǳԽƷ׵ġˣǳôܿסأ
򵥵˵ǣǳǽ̫
ʱֵǳڵܣ˵ߣǿ߶˵㡣ǵǿ߻ҪǧСģǵǿߣڵܹģҶСֲ̫֮˵ġ
Ҷ˵ͷ뽣սʱûгȫԷʱ䣬ȫֶԸĻ»ڡäŮŮǿߣǾ͸˵ˣ˵Ͻ飬Ǽ¶ûãƴһƴӦûǿԵģϾʵѾߣʵҲָһЩ
֮ܶˣʵѾǿǶеˣǺ
ԼԼȥʲôȣ
ȻԼȥԼ˱ȣֻԼȥԼǿ˱ȣŻ֪Լ㣬Ų
Ҷ˿ԼϵƬ΢ܿ죬ЩƬʧƬʧһɫ۴ϣû¶ϰߡ
Ҷ飬ǻȥɣ
΢΢ͷʱҶ뽣ͬʱüͷһ壬ȻԶԶһɫӵ߼ٶȼ죬ɾ룬Էգۼ뽣ǰ
˵󣬻ǿϢ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻ˵һԣԷÿ˵·ɲ鷳
ҪԽҶ뽣ʱӺȻͣһ£Ȼˣڻȳ
ǿ⣬ٷԲڵ˶
˵仰ٶȲԶȥ
ӵĻҶɫ˲Լܺ۸
Ĭһ˲˲֮ȻҶһ̣ҶֱӳӵǰӴ󾪣һߵٶȾȻô죿
ʱҶͻȻ֣أ
ӣ


1353 ҪɣҪ
ʱҶȻʧԭأɫ䣬Ҫ֣ʱһֱӵü䡣д󺧣ת˲ǰһʧԭء
Ҷʧһ̣߳Ҷԭվλá
ɨһܣܿ죬ɫϢʧˣ
ȻǵĶҲҵԵһ
ɨһܣȻȥ̻ᣬǳæ
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߿һۣڴҲң
˵꣬һʧԭء
Ҳæȥ
һᣬҶӳԭء
ռ䷨򣡡Ҷ
Ҷ֣ɽԼȡ
ƤһΣָһϵɽɵҶǰҶǰöɽ䣬ɫѿԭֻҶ赲һ׷ˣû뵽ǰֻǰ۵ӱ׷˻ֲ
ʲô

Ҷɨһɽ䣬ɽ֮УɾʯһǧңӰ˵ĶһѣʲôֵǮ
Ҷ̧ͷӣһλᡣ֮ǰ׷ӵߣһλ߾ǿߣλҲߡλǿ׷ӣȻ϶ʲôöɽ֮У
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ͣ
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ҶӣղǸ㿪ЦģڣҸһλᡣΣЦˡӣȻԷ֮ǰôʵء룬ʵǿ³Σ
ЩԥʱҶ˫΢УһɱһһĻһȻңҸ㣡
˵ţǰȻӿһâţһƷҶǰ
ҶǰһСӣҶ򿪺ӣں֮У졣Ҷüͷһ壬ӣʲô
Ԫռ䴫󣡡ӳ
˵ϸ㣡Ҷ
ӿһҶȻһ״󣬿ûֻҪһĳڱĵطͨһ촫͵λáʹ֮ʧ죬ֻʩչΡ
ԴͶԶҶʡ
Զӵ
ԶǶԶҶüʡ
ӵƬ棬ǧ磬˴⣬ĿԴκһ磬ȻǰҪȥĵطһġ
ԣҶɫݣĿеϣе찡
뵽ʲôҶʣⶫܹһδͶˣ
һ򣡡ӵ
һ
Ҷ˫΢Уõģ
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ӵ£͵Ԫռ죬ֻŪĹ죬Ȼоôġ
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Ҷ
ӵҪ֪ⶫԴģˣؼʱ̸ܹң֮俪սĻⶫô͸ˡ룬ļͻȻһ֧ӡ
ôһ˵Ҷŷ֣ⶫȷʵ˵áӣаԼ𣿡ҪⷢչԪռ죬Ժ¿϶Ҫࡣң죬Ҳʱص½ÿζҪǿ֮Ǵͣ
ⶫʵ̫ˡһξҪϾʯ
ҡҡͷȻûоǣ϶ǲһܹģⶫӵĺܣ϶򡣲һûʲôգһЩһĻǿԣ
Ҷ˵ͷʲôҪʱ˵
Ҷҡҡͷ߰ɣһȥ
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˽𹫣̻ɣ
һ֮ǰ;٣
֪֮ϵһλʱҹԵѰϳʵ
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ҹ꽿Ѿ΢΢Ҷϵţĺܺܺˡ
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ʣҶ̧ͷѰϣӰɡ


1356 
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Ϣ󣬳ֶʬ塣
ҶһУʬϵɽɵϣţתͷһԵĶСˣ𣿡


1357 Ҳ䣬Ҳ䲻
Ӻαͱˣ
ʱǴСߵҶǰЦӯӯ̻ûж⣬֮ǰһУᡣ˵ţָһһŽ𿨳Ҷǰ̻ĽɫԺ̻Żݡ
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ҹƵǿ֮Ľ㴦ޱȣǶＸһ֪ԣ﷢չ
Ҷʡ
ҹƵ˼
ĬһᣬҶ˵ͷɡҹƸȥ磬ʵûʲôôϾҹƲܴ򣬶ңҲ緢չʲôȻˣ﷢չ
ֻҪǮҹƵ϶ܹסŵġ
ҹƵ˵ͷȻתȥ
ҹߺҶ̯ƣУöɽ䣬öɽȻ֮ǰɱߵġǿ֮ɱˣΪطϤ£ҪĿǻ磡
ǣȴ£ȻԷȻڹ˼ʲô
Ҷɨһۣöɽ֮УɾʯһһöҲһϾʯһϾʯһʴˡ֮ǰ϶˷ܣڡ֮ǰǲŸӮʮöɾʯ
ɾʯӰ˵ĶҲͦ࣬һЩŵرЩۡϴģ͵Ķס˵µˡȻϣЩԸҹƣȥɾʯ
ɽҶɨһܣȻһӣһ߿ܳ˷֮Сԭ߿ܣʫŮҪ½ʱΪ˼Ůİȫ߿ܸʫŮԣֻʣһ߿ܡ
߿ڷſںҶڴϣȻһ˺ڡ

Ǿ仰һʱ˷ѡ
ȻﵽߺʵѾ࣬Ƕ˵ԶԶңҲЩˣΪ˲ָ⣬ʱҪȹ硣
ⶫǷǳӵģͺñãǲȣһʼܲʲô⣬ǣʱˣͻԽԽ࣬ԽԽԣֱ̮ԣ⣬һ㶼ܴ⣡
ʱһһȥҶصʵʵŹȥ죬ںѾȥ˶ʮ죡
ʮ
Ķ
ҶĹܴ˳ȥƬǿ߿϶һ뵽ǿ׷ͷƤЩ飡
ҡҡͷҶջ˼Ȼ
ű򿪣ҹ˽
ˣҶʡ
ҹƵ˵ͷѾˣǵҲ׼ˣʱԳ
Ҷ˵ͷȻָָһԵ߿ܣ㣬ԼСЩ
ҹƵǸ磬Σ𣿡
Ҷ֪ҶǸػ˵ʵһ㶼
ѾȥˣҪҪȵȥҹʡ
ҶҡҡͷҲڵˡ߰ɡ
˵꣬Ҷת߳˷ţҹҲæȥ
¥ҹƵĴ£Ҷһǿ֮ǵĴ̨ҶҪ봫ʱԶͻȻһֲϢϢԼٶȳ߳
߲ƣ
ǧת
ܿ죬һ߳Ҷ˵ǰ
ǿߣ
ĿҶϣϷˡǸػ˵Ķɱػ˵˰ɣ
ػ˵ģҶʡ
Сӣ˵Ĵ£Ҵ޷ʱϵ򣡸Ϸ֮⴩ո㣬㡭
˵ʱһԵҶȻνһն
ˣ
һһҶ֮м
նν
νһնҶֱתǴȥ˷ʱ䣬ߡ
˿һԶĺߣȻæҶ˴
ԶǺͬһʯһҲ
Ϣ
͡
ֱӴм˿


1358 磬һˡ
ʵҶʬ壬ȻƳɿܡǣնν̫ˣֲǻΪޱǳΪ룡ЩϧһλǿߵĿܣôǼģ
Ҷ˽봫ҹɨһۣǷһĨЦ⣬Ȼתȥ
ǿ
ҹ뿪һͻȻڳ𣬽ţһһ˲Զ
Ϲ١
ɫޱء
ʵɽǰʮԣ߳
ǰʮ
Ϲͫ΢ǰʮζʲôƬǧ磬ǧжˣ˵ͨˣкܶܶࡣҶȴܹǰʮ˵ʮǽǰһٶΪֲˣ
ʱֵʩչһżΪǿĽŽƷ׾ǳԽ׵ġԽǿҪѶȾԽһǱһ˲ıⱬǿһ˸ܲסȴһ¶ûСû´϶ҲﵽһΪֲĴڡ˫ޣ
˫ޣ
Ϲü΢һޣ
ߵ˵ͷӦǡ
ϹɫˡޣһǿĽǼΪֲģرǽܸߵֽޣҶҶĽȻǿġ޾֮ϵĽ⣬ⱾѾΪټˣرҶ͡
Ҷ޾֮ϵĽ⣬޾ɱ⣬˫⾳һޣ

Ϲٴʱ뷨
ʱֵ̻ᣬȻţҲǡǲ䣬պضһλǿߡܹ֮ãǾ͸ˡϾģܹʶЩδĳǿߣպô϶Ǽġ
˵⣬߶˶٣ֵζС㵹Щ׾ˡ
׾
ϹЦЦɴĺܡȻ֪ҶǱġǱԣĿģʵΪ˽ύҶҶ䣬ͻչԼĴȣ׷ҶҶж¡ֻû뵽ҶʵѾǿ̶ֳȡ
˵⣬ϹЦ󣬡û뵽ҶƢʵ˵ףص͹Ҷʵ֪Ҷʵ϶̬ԴҶô¶˵һ¡
ȷʵߵ
ϹЦ߰ɣȥҹƣէ϶Ҫģ
˵꣬Ϲʧԭء
硣
緢һξ춯صĴսǴδսȻǵŮҶڤԿػ˵ǴδսҲΪǴδս˶ʶڤʵԭĻҪǿ࣡
ȻҶʧˣǣڤڣ˵ӦҲû˸۸ԺġǣһǰʼڴѹԺرڤаɣ
аɵĴ£ĴҲ˴ѹԺӪ֮С
ʱԺѾǹӲд֮ԻܹӲдΪÿԺҪ׸ʱڤ˶֣Ȼаɵսһ
ڤı£ԺȻûб𣬵ҲֻùӲдݡ
Ժ
ʱԺѾǧǧˣÿ춼ĵġΪÿ춼а¹Ժѧȥ
֮С
˶ˣϷɫƣΪһǰʼûϢ
ʮλش飬ʱѾӸԺԺˡ
˫ֻУһƬɭ䡣
ģѾˡ
һ¹Ժֻܹؽ磬ֻҪ¹Ժһȥʧ㲻ȥؽÿ춼ϼʮѧڤڤҲֻڰ¹ԺҪʱŻҲ֪ʲôԭڤĵ¶Ѿܾûгˡ
ڹ𣿡ʱȻ
΢΢һ漴ָʲôҶ¹ԺͲ³ûкڵѡ
Ĭһ˲ЦЦʵǷʲôѾɸϳȥˡȻܲô⣬϶ҲòȥǾ仰ȻѾǰ¹Ժǵѧѧȥίȫ£
һ̾ȻǼһﱻţҲ֪ˡ
ЦͱˣӲĺܡ
⵹ǣҲһ˿ЦݣҶԸʵﶼԿġ
뵽ʲôֵڤǡ
ǺʲôҪ
ء
˵ͷڤŮʵѾ뿪磬ǣǲûС
䣡
ʱؽȻһ
ɫȻһ䣬һֱӳ˴
У治Զһߣ߾аɵаĪа
ǺĪаĿϣ룬һˣ죬׵˽ɡ
Īаһ²
֪аΪʲô𣿡ĪаЦ
˵ͷ¹Ժа֮䣬ûʲôޣǣһǰ֪ʲôԭаȴǺȻ԰¹Ժսң缸еʵ뵽аɵӪ֮Уڤ¹ԺѾĸɸɾˡ
ĪаЦȻΪҶ
Ҷƺûаɣü
ĪаȻûеаɣǣػˡ룬򣬶˭ȻػˡȴǵˣⲻǰûǣΪҶһɽڣǸɽѱԣҲʧˡ
ôаգ
ʱһȻڳ𣬽ţһŮӳ˳С
ţ¡
ڤŮ
ڤŮɫʱһɣڤǰ¹Ժˡ
ڤ
Īа˫΢ǷЦҵҪܱܲס¹Ժ
¡
ĪаռͻȻܿ죬һȺ˳ĪаĴңһЩ
˲࣬һҡ
ǣǰۣ
ȫǰۣ
һС磬ݲµߣˣ۾վ˵ˡһۣ⼸еİˡ
ɫЩѿˡ
ڤŮ˫΢Уֻգ֣ʱһͻȻ𣺡ɡ
˶һ㶣ر顣
Ҷ
Ҷģ
Ȼֵһ̣һֳִʳ˳ڤŮԡ
Ҷ
֪ΪΣڼҶһ̣ؽ˶Ϊ֮
ڤŮҶΣȻˣ
Ҷ˵ͷЦôûûҡ
ƤԽĺˣڤŮ
Ҷ
ڤŮ˵ʱʺȻܲܿ죬һֻ޴۾ʡ
ۣ֮
ۣ֮ڤŮü΢ȻҶﵽˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ۣ֮
ʱԶаĪаȻͻȻЦǼʶʲô·ƫҪˡҶǻ𣿡
ҶһĪаȻֶ̧Ͼһָ


1359 ƨ࣡
ָ
䣡
һըǸճֱֵ֮ӺȻ顣
ʯ
ûˣ
֮أ
Īаʣ۾ôģ鶼ҪһĪагڤŮ֮⣬˶һ±ơ
Ϊʲô
ΪгڤŮ֮⣬ûһܹҶָһеˣֻǰۣ̫ˡ
ϢĪаȻתͷҶǲģ
ĪаĻ˵ĿʱҶϡʱҲ𣬸ղҶָһ¡
ҶûлشĪаǿڤŮЦǲЩ⣿
ڤŮ΢΢ͷȻȷʵЩ⣬ʵǰǿ˿ɲֹһ㡣
ҶЦЦڤŮȻѣǣͬʱҲе໥Ͼ˼Ǵߴ½Ҳ֣ûûӮǣԼʵӦѾܹʤڤŮˡԣ̲סһ¡
ʱڤŮͻȻǰȻһָ
һĻҶǷһĨЦݣڤŮǲ䰡Ȼܿ죬ǵЦݽӲסˡΪȻڿţֻһ˲ٶʧ˰ϣһ˿
ת˲оԼͻȻӿһںϵ˿ʱʧˣˣоԼڳһ֮ǰʧֻˡ
ʲôֶΣ
Ҷд󾪡
תڤŮҸյġ
Ҷⲻǿ׻תĺӦ˵ֲܿĳЩ˵ǷǳǳҪģرǶδͻƸ߲εǿ˵һ˵Ƿǳġ
ʣڤŮ򶼲ôڤŮôתһ£ԷҪֱӹˡ
ʱڤŮȻѵͽԼˡ˵⣬Ĭһ£Ȼֵº󣬸Ͻ뿪硣

ڤŮ
Ҷ⣬Ϊʲô
ڤŮֱҶһẦ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ǾͰ˵ȥϣǻ֮ʱڤŮ˵꣬תһֱʧԭء
ҶüͷֱʲôҪ
䣡
ʱʺȻһ죬ţʳɿֲϢϢֺط·ڲ
ߣ
߾ǿߵƣ
һĻԼؽɫɷף˵ߣһǶֿ˰ڣ澹Ȼߣ
Īаȴ̲סЦҶ·ƫ㡭
ˣ
һһͻȻڳһٶ֮죬ûκ˿
ͣ
˻δعĪаԴֱӷ˳ȥѪѪ
ҶһǷɳȥͷƨࡣ
УĴҵȫʯԭأܿ죬˻ععнǺεľ֡
ɱۣ͸ɱһ򵥰
ҲȻҲû뵽ҶʵȻѾ˵ĿֲۣôƮƮɱˡ
δҲֲ̫һЩ
ʱ߳˰ؽϿգĿֱҶϣΪ׵ĺ֮ۿǱ٣
Ҷ˵ͷ
ǺɫʱǺõ㡭
ȻȻֹһ˲ӺһѪۣת˲ԴһᣬֱӴӲӴ
˴󺧣
ǺԵ˸ˣʱڳһгҶ֮⣬ûκ˿⡣
һ˲ʵ֮ǰһԴһᣬֱӴӲϵ
˲ɱߣ
ѾľʱԴѾһƬհסܿ죬Ĵҵ˶ʱعˡΪҶǡ
ҶǣĴд󺧣ӣȴû˸ҡ
ҶĿĻҵϣȻʶǵĻҪҵǰ࣬һ˵ˣͰĻҡĬһ˲ҶĻҵÿ
ԣжʱһɣæĻҵ˵һԡ
ʱҶֿң˭ϣ
Ҷ£һϢһŮվ˳
ҶָһһŮӵǰҽġ
Ů΢΢һȻˣ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ˵һȥ
ŮӽӹᣬһҶȻ˵Ļҵԡ
ʱҵļæվ˳СѣҵȲԣھȥұ֤ڷ¹Ժ
ˣ
Ҷ£ֱʧԭء
ͣ
˵ҼԴֱӷ˳ȥԴһɳȥģʮҵߣ
һĻ˴󺧡
ӣ
û˿ԥҵЩתӣȻôܿĹҶĽǰģġ
ɱ
УһҽһſͷϷɳȥһѪϳ𣬳棬Ѫ
һĻһԵĻɫҰףֹסĲš
·ҲǰһĻˣҲû뵽Ҷôɱ
УʮϢʱ䣬Դȫңûκһߡ
Զ˳еѪҶȻһԵĻңҶôһĻ˽鲻Խسһе˸˫Ȳ
ҶĿǽаϣĻ϶Һܺãû˲֪ٴΣ˵Ҷ֮ϵʦˣԣĻһšĻ϶ɽȻȥ˺Ļˡ
ԣĻҵ˶ʱһǲʶҶ˵ǸʲôĻϣҲȥʶֻ֪ǿԻţ
лһֱյ˫Ҳ˿Ҫ˵ǼٵģҶɱӣʵֲ̫ˡ
Ҷȥɡ
˵ͷһҶʲôջûڣҶٴεһлȻĻҵ뿪˰ؽ硣
ΪʲôŹңʱͻȻʡȻǰҶɱɫȴƽޱȣû˿ķŭ֮ɫȻҪҡ¶ŭı飬һ̣ͷͻɳȥ
Ҷ˶Էһۣйһ֮
û˵ʲôʡ
ұ⣡Ҷ
ϣ
߰ɡ
Ҷ˵̧꣬ͷʣ˫΢
ϿһҶȻתȥ
ߺҶԣʱüͷһ壬̧ͷʣĬһ˲а𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷȻϦأûп
ڱչء
Ҷ΢΢ͷ˵ͻȻһɼǿѹȻѹ
⣬ߣ
ܿ죬һʻƮ
ߣҶɫǵŮֵߣҲһʱ䷨ߡ
㣡Ҷһ̣ɫҲ
˼棬ۺ죡


1360 ٣ɱ٣
ȻʶҶģҶۣ֮ɱʮ££Ϊػ֮еЦ
Ҫ֪ʱҶŰʥ
һʥɱʮ£ǴаȻȥȻҪԭΪǵŮ֣ǣ˭ںȥЩֻ֪һ߾ǿ߾Ȼһʥɱˣ
ڣû뵽ҶˣϽۣһɱ¡
ˣɫҶҪһֱԶҿܻû취ǣȻҪҾͳȫ㡣գҵҪ˭ܾ㣡
£ֳ·һġ
Ƴһֲӡֱ׹£ӡסҶסؽ硣
Ȼؽһȥ
ѹ֣ؽ˽ǲ
߾ǿߵƣֿܹġѹƾƣѹˡ
ԣҶ
ֻҶǷһĨЦһֱ̣ӻһ𣬽˺ѿռ䣬˲ֻ֮ϡ
һ˲
ͣ
˵Ŀ֮УֱֻӺȻѣٶȲֱߡ
ھѵһ̣ͫ΢֮ɫû뵽ԼһȻҶȥˡȻûгȫǣҲһܹƵİ
һЩӣ߳ǰ̤һһɿֲϯƳֺΧǧڵĿռʱҼ
ƺˣ
ȻǹҶǵʱͬѩͣǹֱӱǵ˿ٶȻֱߡ
д󾪣
һ̣֪Լص͹ҶʵʱҶѾǵǸǰûл֮Ҷ
֮߳ģ˫ͬʱճȭһŭȣȻԼǰ˳ȥ
䣡
ΪģΧǧڵĿռֱӺȻ飬һ޴Ŀռڶ˰ؽϿա
ռȻˣǣսȴδֹͣ
ڵĿռڶ֮УҶǵѾߵǰһĻ˫΢Уû뵽ҶȻѾǿ˲ռڶɡȻѾߵǰǣɫȴǳƽ
߳ǰ̤һɲǼ䣬ҶĽͣԭأɢȥҶߵǰ
ʱ䷨
ǷһĨҶˣ
˵ţֳҶһ˹ȥʱҶȻȷʵˡ
üͷһ壬ʱһصͻȻ˳УֺҶͻȻǰһ
˫۶ȻԲУ𾪣ɻ󣬡㣬ôôܡ
ͣ
һߺһʱȻֹ
ֵȻҶûȤ߷ϻһӣֱӽߵʬҪͨ߿ǿ࣬պˣʵˣԽƳɿܡ
ս
Ҷֿ߳ʼʵϢô̵ʱ䣬һǿˡ˲֪ҶʱʵǶҶӡͣڵˣҶ׾پնɱһߣȻޱ𾪵ġ
УҶһ·ԣʱԣһϤӰǵһ
һҶһĨ죬ˣ
ٺһЦǱ㣬㶼ˡ
һЩҶЦȷʵܹôﵽߣ˵׻Ϊ½ǸطҪ̫ˡ
ЦЦȻɫλʲô㣿
ҲҶҲ֪ġ
Ҷ΢΢Ȼ˸ߣ뿪磡
֮ǰѾˡػ˵ĵ̣ǽȻ¹ԺݵĹŽիܴңС磬ûʲôչǰ;ԣ֮ǰѾãҪݵ¹Ժ½ȥ
뿪磿
һ뿪ȥ
½
Ҷ˵ţ½Ľ½˵һ¡ڵ֪ҶѾһͳһһʱѾ𺳵Ըӡ
ãɬһЦû뵽ɳٶô̵ֲʱڲʵһôֲĴڣչһһõһ硣
е̫ˣһԣҲЦ
Сӣ¹Ժȥ½ǼǸˣǡʱһԵȻʡ
ԣ뿴Ҷ
ҶЦǽˣ¹Ժǰ¹Ժ¹Ժȥ½ǽ˵ĺܣǿԼǱѧ
ô˵ζҪ½ֳ¹Ժ˵ֻС棬Ϊ˵Ŀɲһ磬硣ߣ¹ԺΣжֳ֮Σ̲¹Ժ飬Ȼġ
ҶĻжʱһղʱЩģҶҪ¹Ժ뽣ˣ϶Ҫܾġ¹Ժ˽Ǵģ˽ˣǾζް¹Ժ
Ըģ¹ԺȻð¹ԺʧãҶûҪôЩůҶġ
΢΢˵ͷЦСӻģ
Ҷ̧ͷһʣȻԺ鷳ȥݣݵĹŽի½ԼƺԺ˫еһУٶȽﵽʥϵ˴
Щͨô죿ʡ
ҶҪҡҡͷƺؽͨ˺ࣿȻܽ˶ߣһ㶼ʵңЩʵ̫޷뿪磬ô󶼲ԣΪʵ̫ǸܲĴ͡
ȻҲֻǿ߶ߣЩպ桭
ʱػԵЩǿвģֻҪЩȥػǲΪЩͨߵġ෴϶ǡ
ĬһᣬȻ˵ͷھȥš
ǵãҪ죡Ҷ֮ôһԭǾ֮ǰڤŮ˵ĻڤŮ뿪磬Ȼ֪Ϊʲôǣ֪ڤŮẦ磬Ҫʲô¡
һ£Щϵ͵˵һѡ
˵ͷȻ񣬵ݵģʿȥһˡ
ͷãھȥ
˵꣬תһʧ˲Զ
޸ȥպȻ
Ҷ̧ͷգκǲưոݵġ
ҶһϣճҶǲգ£٣ɱ٣


1361 Ȼˣαطϻ
ػȻưոݣҶǵɱǵۣ֮ɱǵˣôܻưոݣ
Ҷ˵ػ˵ֻٵĳŵ԰¹Ժ֣һħΧŮõõŮ˵ػ˷ŹҲŹػ˵ġ
˫Ź˫ȻֻһǾս
УҶһϮ΢紵ƮƮдһ˿Ʈ뵭ȻɫȻƽִһ˿Įӣֽδʣȴâ¶·Ҫ̴أһܵеĸо
㵱ĶעĶˡһԣ鿴ԶҶҶȻᣬȴѾһλǿߡҪǣҶ飬԰¹Ժ顣¹ԺȻʵ󽵣ǣҶôһλǿ֣ԺҪص۷壬ʲô⡣
ȻǰҪɹµѹأ
ҡҡͷǶģֻǾԼ顣
Цνĺкñɡ
ҡͷһЦû˵
䣡
ʱһɼǿѹͻȻѹѹǿͷ·һ㣬ѹİؽϢһϣܡ
ת˲һɿֲĽȻҶڳ𣬽һɺϯȥ
䣡
һţǹɿֲѹʧؽ˶ʱоһɣָ
ʱһջÿһʿռ;һһ˷Ĳˣ·ܲĽŲ

Ҷնɱһλ߾֮ػû߾ֱɳ˰ǿߡ
ػ˲ɵһ߾ǿ߶նɱôܻ߾ǿ
ڼһ̣ɫ
ǲ֪֮а񣬱ϾûнӴΡֱǣǰ֮߱ǰǿ˲ֹһΡҲ˵ǳԽߵǿߣ
˿Ҷгأһ˿ǡ
Ҷֻһߣܹסλǿ
Ҷ
Ŀ·Ҷϣû뵽ѾɳֵزǾ͸òϧһдɱ㣬ҡ
Ȼˣαطϻ
ҶֱӴߵĻȻŽ͵һΡ
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쳹磬һ쵽£ǿ£һ˲ʿռֱӱ˺ѡ顣
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С磬ռ伫Ϊܲ޸Щռ䣬ЩռΧռ԰ؽ˵һѡ
Уʧ߻ԭء
߿·Ҷţһ˿ʣû뵽Ѿǿ̶֡ȡ
£ģ˵Ŀ֮Уܿ죬ֱӻޣʧС
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λǿˣҶһɱˡ
Ҷʵһµʶ
УҶɫ΢΢ףȻʩչնνѾ񵱳ǰ㱻ɵĲзϣǣҲӰġһõڼһһԾõģʱڸоһŨҵոУָоͺǶ˺ܾһ
ãǰնνĺ֢ԺԲơ
ȻҶһնɱλߣǣ˵ɫصġΪǺػѾʶҶʵҲ˵ػĻ϶Ҫ֮ǰλ߸ǿ
սڲĿʼ
Ҷתͷ룬Ժ磬ȻҪϾߵġ
Ҫȥڣʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ҵȥɣ
˵꣬ʧ˿С
㲻Ҫ鷳ɣ·ϣȻʡ
Ϊʲôô˵ҶѵһҲΧǰ¹Ժ
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ػ˿϶аʾǣǲûжǳ֣෴кüΰǼΡ
ǲػˣҶЩʡ
ҲҺġΣǣԵĻͱ˼ˡ
Ҷ㶣漴ҡͷһЦԺ˵ģҶֲɱ˿ħȥӻѡ
ͺãЦҪҶɱˣҲˡ
ҶЦЦУѾһɱ˷ˡ
ʱֵڤаɣҪСĶ࣬ʵҲҪࡣǣܲô򵥣ΪڤаɣƺûǹǡڤͲ˵ˣһײβֻҪȥǣǺȥ鷳ġаɣȴйĦ󶼲֮
ҶҡҡͷֻҪϾ¾ͺãڵǿģĵǰϾΣðϾߣˡ
ǰʵϾڣԻøõıڣѾϾʵϾҲҪϾ츳á
ϾڤŮȵǲͬģڤŮתһѣ㲻ʵʱǰϾͬûǰ䣬ԼŬ츳ɳΪġ
ԣҶ²⣬ڰϾʵӦҲǿࡣ
ȻϾǿȻǺ¡˰Ͼļ룬ԺڽˣܹġϾȫԶһġ
ܿ죬Ҷڡ
ȻûֱӾʹڣȻʵδ̫ˡ
ڽһɽ֮ϣ嶥ɣ۵ĻǷ嶥ڴһʯ
ʯ񼫸ߣɣʯһӣ˫ָ̧ͷʣĮӣȻֻһ񣬵ȴǳһ޿ƥеİ
ڵĿʦ޳Ҷԣ
Ҷһǵ΢΢ͷû˵
ܿ죬֮гһţһҶǰ
ҶʶǵԪ
ҶԪɫޱȵأ֮ǰȻûȥ¹Ժǰؽ緢ȴ֪ġĴңаɡЩݵĻ֮⣬ѾΪʷˡ
ԪЦ
Ԫ΢΢ͷϲˡ¹ԺҶõð¹ԺǸʱ˶˵޴ΪһӽôΪСڡ֪жĽ롣
ôһֲѧ¹ԺҪػص۷壬ʲô¡ϾڵҶ¹ԺʦҪҫ۵Ķࡣ
ЦЦȻɫҵŮ޵ģҲǰϾ
ԣԪɫЩȻˡ
һĻҶüͷһ壬ô
Ԫԥ£Ȼˡ
䣡
һɿֲƺȻҶӿ˳Ԫֱӱǧ֮⡣


1362 ģ
侲һ㣡
Ǳ˵Ԫæ˵磬ˡ
ԣҶɢɱʱ˻ȥһĻԪжʱһղҶɱ˰
磿Ҷü
Ԫ˵ͷʦȥ½
½˵㡣Ҷ
Ԫ츳ֲ̫ѧʲôѧķǳ죬֮ϣһͨûãʦѾûʲôԽˡҲΪˣһƿΪ˲ʦͻƵߣȻȥ½
˵⣬Ԫ˶٣Ȼֵʵڣֻһ֧
ֻһ֧һԣüʡ
Ԫ˵ͷ½һ磬ߵ磬ҲڵܲڡΪ˷չڸ߲ǰ緢չΪšϾ츳ԸǺˣѾݲˡԣʦֻܴǰܲܹõõ

Ҷ˫ۻһԣԪƤһΪҶΪæҶǾẦġ츳½ֻ㾡ȫ֮
һʲô
Ȼţ
ΪֻԴԴϵţܹһųʢ˥Ǹһ¥һŲǿһǿûţĽû䣬ԣһǳһţֻҪ⣬Ŷúģ¾ȥŶǿ߰б
ҶȻҲԣûȻϣϾߣǰϾ˽ңϾҲԼԼԼ컯
ֻҪƽͺã
Ҷ˫ۣԪ˱ȭǰ³çˣǸԪ飬һֱš֮ǰ֮ʧ̬ΪΪϾˡ
Ԫҡҡͷ֮ǰҿû˵ֲ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷһ£ˡ˵꣬Ҷһֱʧԭء
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ЦǰѾͷҲǿɣ
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˵Ҷ˭Ȼ
Ԫ΢΢һ漴ҡҡͷ֪ô˵ҵϣܹһǿ϶ܾʡ
Ҳڴ
ЦЦ뵽ʲôֵҲˡҶŮи飬Ů޶ҶҲǡպҪһǸʲôڲԧɣҲˣҶһһӣҪǸôһ˭Ҳܲסġ
ԪЦЦȻò˵ⵣǻǺġôϣ졣
½ʵȻǲ˵ģҶ׻˵ĺãĪҶɳֵز˭Ҳ֪ǿ϶ǣֻҪ䣬պضһλǿߡţ¾½Ҳǲ׵İ
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ҶƢҲˬҾˬԸ
ԡһŪãҶ磬ڱ磡
Ҳ뵽㣬ҡҡͷȻתȥõĵĲԺ󣬶ڰ¹ԺҪζɹһѹء

ػ˵ǿߴʲôʱ򵽣·ϣʵ
֪
ҶӦÿˡնɱ񣬴ʱػӦ˽ʵԷҪɱ϶ɰ񣬻˵һˡڶԷ᲻߾ǿ֪
Է߾Ҳ壡
ûʲôһնνܽģУǾ
ص¹ԺҶϦ⣬ûнȥϦǰңҶɫеĮҲ͡棬ӡ뿪ˣڿԼϦˡ
ߴ½ڣһ·ϦǰϾԼ½̫̫Ŀࡣ
رϦ밲ϾϾȥΪ˫ۡϦĨȥ˼䡭ǣ˰ΡΪŮˣȴγ¡
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ʱһһȥԼʱҵźȻ˿ϦҶǰ
ʱϦһϮ°ɫĳȹϸģգѩ

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ϦһʼЩӲǺܿȻ˫ҲסҶ
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ϦץסҶ֣棬˺ܶɣ
ֵãҶȻ½üζãһһεĥõԼϳɳң½ﵽ˵ߡ
Ϧû˵ӵҶĻҶ
һᣬҶȻͷסϦϦ΢΢һܿǷȻҶӶᡣ
һᣬҶ˿ȻϦ롭
Ϧ΢΢ͷû˵ֻ΢΢ҶҲûʣסϦһңţһɽͻȻ⣬Ȼҳ׵
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⣬£㴺⾡ۣ٣˫룬ﻹξ
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䣡
һȻڰؽȻ𣬽ţѹŰؽѹ
ػ˵ˣ
ģ
֮Уһ̺޾ŭ𣬽ţһ֮г죬Դʡ


1363 ´˰ɣ
ڰؽϿգߡ
ǰ
ߵĶ棬ҶʱҶɫ麮ϵɱʵʡʱҶȻҪɱ˵ģڹؼʱ̱˴ϣǸ˶ɱˣ
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ŽһҶֶ֮ȻΪ׵Ļֱն˹ȥ
ɫһ䣬û뵽Ҷ˵Ͷ֣е㲻·
ת˲ɫҶδҲ̫һЩܿ죬ɫˡΪǲҶǵ̺֮
˴󾪣
˷Ӧɿֱֲӿ˳Ȼǰǵ˹ȥͬʱ֣ȭӡһӡƺ泯ҶĽ˹ȥ
ͣ
ҶĽʱֱӱ˺ѿٶȲֱȭӡӡ
䣡
ȭӡӡȻɢǵȴδɢֻ΢һЩ˶٣һֱ̣նߡ
һĻѾǴ󾪣Ǵ󺧣Ȼ֮ǰѾ֪ҶʵѾܹɱ񣬵û뵽ҶʵѾǿ̶ֳȡ˲˿Ĵ⣬æһ֡
䣡
ʣͻȻһըţһ߷˳ȥڷɳǧ֮ͻȻ䡱һը˿Ѫꡣ
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͸֧͸֧
ʩչնνҶѾ͸֧ȫڸǳһɿУĹ֮Եʡ
Ҷȥһ̣ϦҶԣϦæסҶû˵ֻǱסҶڲҶʩչ⽣ʱҶɺģǼҵġ
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Ҷ΢΢ҡҡʵ֮ǰҲԥҪҪɱһ񡣱ЩԥڼѡսʱѡɱȻеðգǺԥѡɱ
ػ˵ʵǿ֪ǣǿߣػ֮оԲкܶġɱһλ񣬶Էһλպ֮ʱѹͻһ֡Ҳ֪ðգΪֻʩչնνѡӣѡսĻ鷳ɾʹˣ
ˡ
֮ǰʱڶǰ񲻸ս֮ǰһɱһλ񣬾һѾ߽ʣµߵöԷҶǰܹԸͷˣѡӣһɱʱʣµѾױ߽⡣
ʱߣ˵ս붼롣
ûжĴȷʵ붼ûֱˡ
ɱػ
ʣҶ˫΢´˰ɣ

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Ҷڴϣ֮еȼյɾʯҶӿȥʱҶǾú¶ĴأЩںѸٱһաϵӿ룬Ҷ忪ʼָ
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ʱһһȥ˵ڶ죬ҶɫѾָɫҲ׻ָ
޸һǿ
Ҷ۾һۼϦ֪Ϧһֱ
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ҶҲϻ½Ϧͬʱһɽס䡣
š
֮Уһʱᣬʱأһö


1364 ȷʤҲ
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Ȼϲϲ¡
ҶһֱϦŮ࣬ˣʱҶЩ̰ϲ飬Щá
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˵һһʱ䶼ǷǳҪġ
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ҶȴôΪã˲Ҫڸ÷ܶѡݡȷʵԲôƴȻƽӡе˵ͨͨҲԹúҸ
ͨˣͨӣܶʱ˵ȷʵҸģΪͨûʲô׷ȻûʲôաʱȴΣΪ׷֣֮ᷢûʸȥӵ׷ġ
ҶͨˣʫῴϦῴҹ½Ƚ˵˻׷һ˵ʫϦŮ㿴ʸӵػ
Ҫ˵Ůʵ׷ˣǷǳ顣ǲȥ׷ˣȥ׷ЩûʲôͨˣǷˡͺñһˣһƯŮһܳŮǰѡĸ
ܶʱ˱Ů˸ʵ
ҶȷʵЩۣǣӵеҲûеġ
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λŵ飬ұҶϦڴ֮Уǰ¹ԺѧԺһЩϡ
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һܶ˶ἵʱԼõģǣԷһ̫̫ʱǲἵʵġ
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ΪʲôôȻΪ˴ػһֲڣʱػ˿սȰ˴ߡ
˻˵¹ԺЩ˶Ҷ˵׸ΪûЩˣҶʵȫҪػˡҶǲôΪҪ֪ʱŽիƺԺ¹ԺЩû׸
رǹŽի¹ԺŽիΪ޳а¹Ժ¹ԺΪĵز
ʵǿˣŽի¹Ժ׸Ҷ磿

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ڤڤҪģǶԼΪá
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̧ͷ⣬ǳɫ
Ҷ˵ʱüͷһ壬ȻԵϦҳȥһ¡
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ʱҶȻ㲻˵ˡ֪ԣڤŮһġڤŮ˵϶ʲôԻ߹ǡ
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䣡
ʱʵĿռȻѿһ޴ӣţһЦд˳
ڤλ¸˫ҹѰţλֽֽ̣ȻȷʤҲ
ҹѰڶʮ
ҶԣڤŮʰΣȻЩˣʼˡ


1365 ҿ˭סң
սڤ
Ҷ˫΢սڤԷǴǼǿڤŮɫҶ֪Է϶ʲô
ңôǴ

񣬵ǺȴҲǺܸߣǵǵҹ绹ҶаǵʵǷǳǳġȻڵʵȥ˵ʵʱ˶ϣ˵ٷ֮ʤ
ңԷڶʮ
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ڤŮûг֣ΪѾȥˡ
Ů
ҪԸǣ𣿡ҶڤŮʡ
ڤŮĬ
ҶߵڤŮǰֱڤŮû´֮ǰңҾ뿪磬ǲҲκϵǵ飬𣿡
ڤŮҶΣȻҪٵ飬ģܲκϵģ𣿡
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ҶڤŮãȻڤŮҼǵõʱʲôû˵ܹңҾꡣڣ鷳ȻȴҪߣ㣬һһ𣿡
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Ҷ̧ͷգʱ֮УŮѾǽҹѰսϢҶҡҡͷ

һҽȻ֮쳹𣬽ţһӰǿȥգۼʧ߾ͷ
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֮УŮֳ̧ͷǿ֮ϣǷһĨм漴Ůһʧ֮С
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1366 ڣң
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Ҷ˵ͷҶˡʹǱߵġ˵ţҶָָұߡ
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1367 򷨣
ҶȻ֪ǰ˭ʱҲ֪ǰ˭֪ԷΪʲôҪɱڤˡ
ֻ֪Էɱģ
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뵶һӴͬʱһת˲ֱ֮ӱɿ⡣ҶȻŹԷ͵һɿȻ˻һƽ⳯ӱȥٶȼ죬Ѳɼ
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˫΢Уҽų˰벽˫ֽеĵҶĽͷвʮʱ͵ذνϾһ

뵶һӴΧռǶʱһҼҶһĳ·Ѹ׹ȥҶû֣ǼӿԼٶȣԼĽеĵϡ
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ֺҶʱܹĸܵЩκһϸڣţ쳯ǰһ̣ôһ̣ǰһֱӺȻ飬ţڶ̳
г˹һĻҶÿһ̳Էͻʧһ壬ЩʱҶǰͬһݣһ̾ƣ
Ϣʱ䣬ӷȫʧ
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Ҷ˿еĽǷһĨЦݣ֮ǰûʩչһ򷨣ΪӵĵٶȺܿ죬쵽ҶԷƣڼϽ֮󣬶ԷֻҪĽڣܹĸܵԷÿһκϸ켣
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ʶתͷһۡ
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1368 һ
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ҶԼµĴˣܸɵĹնνʩչǳһԷƴһƴǣնνǼΪģңʩչҪݽߣҲᱻ͸֧
ǳһеƣﱩ¶
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ҶȻöˣʲôʱʲôʱóֵĺʱԼУһһ嶼ûС
ֻҪͻа֣Щ˳磬鷳ڤġԣʱڤѾһֻҪص磬ڤȻԹۡ
ҶҴ⣬նһ󣬾ͽԼٶʩչ˼¡ɲԼԷסȻ󱻶ԷΧ
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״ǣ͵Ǻܴ󣬳ֻвɣҲǿܽ˶ȫǹĹĵģС޵צе㳤ʮ֣ÿһͬ棬ǿŶ÷
޵ıϣһŮӣŮͿĽСµȫȣŮӵУһɫĳޡ
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˵⣬ЦЦ֮⣬иݾǾ֤ͨһЩӴÿӵһЩҲǿλȥһ˸޷õڣ˷˭ܹɱڤˣ˭ܹһ֤ͨ
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ҶһۻӣǲҲһֻҪ˭ɱңͿȥ

Цң㻹ǳֵǮΪɱ㣬Ի֤ͨɱڤ˻Ҫߡ
˵⣬һҶҶе棬羹ȻҪɱ㣬ѵˣ
ҶȻ֪˭Ҫɱˡ
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ԶҶɽȻŽ潫˹֮УţһԵĻԪˣû˭Ҫģ
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˵ģǰ⼸λҪȫһϣܡں棬и˵һЩϹﶼϾǸʲô֤ͨջͦġЩϹǸ˿϶Ҳк֣ϾЩҪԸڤڤʵġ
˵ڤŮŮӦ뿪ģʱݱһõģߣЩ˿϶ҲǵġǲûУҶȻɵڤŮ磬϶ʲôĿġ
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ԶҶȴǲûߣǳŻԪȥɫǷ֮ɫң˭ұ֤һûһʹ࣡
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׼ʱһͻȻڳ𣺡ννҿҺ֪һûҪʩչ
ԣԪ˶ʱͣ
һԣҶ
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1370 նνն˭˭
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Ҷ΢΢һ飬Ȼתͷȥǿմ֮УһŮӻ˳ŮһϮȹȹĽˣŮӵıյļΪԸлȣرǰһ˶󣬱ţ·һ㣬䲻¶⣬ȴҪȥһѵĳ嶯
Ůò˵ȴģر˫۾·Ṵһ̲ס࿴ۡ
ҶȻûȥŮӵģô졣
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Ԫ˿źȹŮӣɫǽ䱸ġ
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ԪЦ´ĵǺ⣬ҵȥ̽Ҷ׻ûеƣȴһ֮ò˵̴ĺܺá
ҲҶȷʵǿţǣ˭ұ֤ûбĵƣңһǿţаνⲻûܣΪһֱڹ۲ҶʱҶֳҲ̫ƽЩĸоҶ޿֣
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ԪʶƣǺȹŮɫȻ䣬ЦЦȻǲ֣ͷɾ͹ˡ

ŮӵĻԪɫһ䣬ԪźȹŮӣǸڰϢɱŮ
ԣǷһĨЦݣң
ϣԪɫĽ䱸ˡ
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һԣҶɫӦ˵ЩѿԼǵùģˣû뵽Լˡһһǿû׼ϾͻȻԷ鷳õȻᣬŮ˾Ҫ鷳ˡ
ҶȥЦ滨ôıҪͷе棬ͷΪʲôôֵǮأѵɾʯģ
ҪҶ
ЦЦװôҿɲǱŴġȫʢʱڣһҪ˼һڵ㣬ҿԴʮ
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һĨɫĳϣȻ͵سһ𣡡
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ĻҶƤһŮ˹ŵģ˵ֻȻǶŮӰ
Ůɫƽûʲô
ԶԪĬϢȻ˵ͷԡ˵ģʵҲ˵ġ
ԪӦ֣
£ʧԭء
ҶǲѪͷ
ԪԵ𣬽ţ˳һԵĽŮҶ˹ȥ


1371 ҿѹסˣ
ΪʲôҶͷ
ܼ򵥣ҶͷֵǮ˼ҿļ۸ߣɱһڤ¡ֻҪҶͷһ˾ͿԵõһһĿľʹﵽˡңʱҶǲѪɱʱ
ĿҲҶͬģҶͷֵǮҲɱġ
ֻҪȡҶͷתߡ
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˵ϢԼϣҶɫʱһò˵ĭСлǷǳģν֤ͨλЩ˻׷ɱ˵ЩһһЩϹﶼѾڴˡ
ȻҪĵĲЩϹǰЩˡ
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ŮҲԽԽǿ
ò˵ŮսǾʵġսʶ棬ǶãŮƵķǳǵĺá˵ȫһӾʢ硣

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ңҪǣ⻪ԪǸ֮϶ǵʮ⣬ʮⶼѾǿǰЩ߶ܹɱ
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УŮһۣŮ֣ʱ
䣡
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˶ͣ£·
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1372 һ
ѹס
Ҷüͷɻ֮ɫŮʲô
УĬһ˲ŮһԵĹŮߣȥ
Ů΢΢ͷֱӻһƹʧ·
УֻʣڤŮŮ

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Ĭһ˲һ㿪Ůһ󣬵Ԫҵڱʱ˵һ֤ͨûУܻܲ뿪⡣ʹһˣҲ벻磬Ӧúʱжڸ·ϣ
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֪ܿˣΪŹӰѾǰʮɵλá

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1376 ˭ȶ֣˭
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Զ޳Ҷ˫΢Уס˽ܿ죬ǰɴ
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Ǿǣˣ
һܹӵµģԷƱʵˡѾԼҪ˵ʱһȴûǴ⼤ȥȻȻûȻˡ

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ʱҶֽ˹ʣһĻǽ޻ëȻֱһǧ֮⡣
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ҶĿǽ޵ϣǸղҪ㵱
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˭ã϶ܲˬģοղŻֱӻɢ
޵ɫҶǷһĨЦݣ֮Բɱ޶ǻԪĿľǰЩΪܹõŮ˵ͷǻѡʱ֣ЩŮкܴвģر֮
ˣŹޣΪһޱضŭޡһЩ˿϶޷֣Ϊڽ޴Ӧ˿϶Ҳ
ֻҪǲ֣϶ͻ໥˼ɣ໥ɵŮ˵Ȼһ¡
ûг֣Ҷ͸ˡʵ֮ǰû˵ȷʵûʲôˡȻһ㣬ƽʱһɣΪ֮ǰڻָʱȻûг׻ָҲָɡ
Уȴٴ͸֧ˡˣڱ˵ν棬ǰûУ
ʵҲնνնνǿĽĵֻһ㣬δ̫ˣҲǺܲʵ顣˵նνκǿ϶Ǽߵġ
޲֣Ҷûг֣ٴν
ȴЩţΪڳоһĻɽ
޵ûѡȥǻҶŮͷԣǻǻᶯֻ֣ٵ⡣
Ҷûйܽ޵ˣǿ·ԶڤŮʱڤŮǺ˴ս˴ʱѾ뽺ţս쳣ļҡҶЩ𾪵Ǻ˵ʵڤŮʵǷǳģ˵ڤŮĻ϶ǲŮġ
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ֵ֮ĶԹԺǣҲ˵ʵǲҶˣڹһᣬ˭Ҳɱ෴˵ǶҪ
ǽ˵ʱһԵҶͻȻ˺
˵ţֽŽȻȥͷ⣬еӾ͹áҸǣȷʵˣǣǰһ汳ܹġ
ҶԽԽ죬Ȼûɢƣȴһεѹѹȥ
ҶҪӣɫһ䣬ȻҶģΪһҶڰνһնҲľԼ
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ʱһһ˿ɣͻȻǿ֮дϷԳְɡ
£һֻɫǿֶ֮Ȼ·˹
ֻ֣ҶŮ磡
ֻҪ綼ᱻ飡
Ҫǣˣ߾ǿߣ
Ҷ˫΢УĻûû˰


1377 Сģģ
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һֻһңһαһĶ࣬һαһǿڣ߾ǿ߶ˡ
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Ҷӿ֣ҪʩչǳʱһȻǿ˳ٶȼ죬գۼϿգȻ˵Ŀ֮Уֻɫľϡ
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˭ǿ֣֮
ҶҲһ˿ɻתͷŮŮ΢΢Ȼ㣡
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ҶһĨ˷ܣȻתͷ޵ˣߣüȻ߿ɶûˡ
ò˵˴ʱȷʵһ˿⡣ղųֵˣԲǴʱܹԿġ
ڤҲǿߣһֿ߾ǿߵǿߡʣ˶ǳ֣Ǿʮġ
η壡
ʱһȻڳ£һ˳Ҷ治Զ
Ҷ˫΢У˾ڤŮֵǺˡתͷȥʱڤŮѾԡ
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ҶҲ˺ˣҲ֪ġ
˶Ǵ϶С;飬ǣ粢ûֱӾɳ߾ǿԣɳǿڤŮ˻ΣգҪ֪Щ߾ǿ߿϶ǲٵġ
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Ȼ֮ûʲôøУϾһﾭҪɱǲò˵ʲôǺϿɵġΪûƣҪԵľͲǰЩˣһȺ߾֮ϵǿˡ
ڣ߾ǿҲ°ΪäŮäŮʵ߾ǿ߸вҲСﵽһ̶ʱǿֲĲģң˴߾ǿߣλ϶Ҳ߾ǿһԿǵͷ
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ҵҪ˵еһ򷨾жǿ
£˻һ߳Ҷȥ


1378 ǿЦǿɱ
УҶս
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ڣû취ʩչˣֻܸԷֳ־ս
˼սãǣ˭Ҳռ˭ˡ
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ŮѾ˷ģʽеĴÿһ£·Ҫظһ㣬ޱȡ
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á
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ҽҶԴƳһֻۣԶİСֱӱŮһȫ뾭֮Ի㣬ΪⰫС˵ĲʱŮǰȻֻӲŮһ
ȻŮһû۶ϣǿȴֱӽС˶ˡ
пȴҲ׷ˡ

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ʱֻѾҶǰ˵Ŀ֮УҶһ̳Ҷһ̳ԶĺǶʱ¶һĨҶһӳ˽뽣⣬ǻܶԻһ˿谭ǣƾһ赲˻޵ġ
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ԣֻܷŴУ
УҶһ̳ȻǻȴֱӴĽһâûҶڡ
Ҷ˫۶ʱԲ

ԶһĻڤŮɫ˲ȻԼٶ˼£Ҷ߳
һԣŮڤŮʱתͷһۣҶһĻʱŮգգۣȻһôɵˣ

ԶǺ˷ЦǿϧǿɱȻͨԸޣҶҶλˣ


1379 ô˰
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ΪҶڿڿһ׳һ
һԵڤŮʱҲסΪҶһ鶼ûСһĻڤŮһɣһҶȻתһǳ׷Ľ޵׷˹ȥ
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ʱУŮڤŮû˿ԥֱӳ·ȥ
Ҷ
ʱڤŮͻȻҶǰʱڤŮɫޱȵأһ˿԰ףǺҪǳҪ¾ԼҲ¡ԣǱȥˣˣ
˵꣬ڤŮһ·Ӷȥ
Ҷ
ʱϿͻȻֳǿϢЩϢԼٶȳ
ˣ
Ҷתͷǰĺˣ˹ȻҺ죬ǣҲôҰ


1380 սȺۣ
ҶǰǺˣԪֵܣнޣԼˡ
ˣ
λȰĳţ
ˣˡ
ܿ죬˳Ͽգ˲ߣǰİǿߣҴϢλˮûʲôˮݵǿߡ
ʮˣ
ҶѾˡ
֪ڤŮǾԲǹҪ˵ӦǺҪҪҪԼԡû´ڤŮ磬ôãĿӦþ
ʲô
Ȼûʱȥ⣬ҪǣҪôԸǰʮˡ
һʱ뵽棬ϧǣκûлӦ
˵ָˡ
Ĭһ˲Ҷ̧ͷ˵ˣʱ˵ҲڿҶƬ̣ȻҾãǴҿú̸̸ͨǽЧ;ǴҾأ
ǾãȭͷǽЧ;
˵ҶҲϻҵĻޣһ㣬Ȼľô
Ҷɨһۣһ˽ᱬġԣñңȻһġ
Ц
˼ЦҶͷˣ㻹ôʴʣԼܿЦ𣿡˵ţҲڷϻһӣͷֵʮ֤ͨҿɱˣɱ֮󣬴֤ͨĹ
һۣȻ˵ͷǶǴûɱҶ֮ǰҶͷ޴Ϊ
˶û˵һ볯Ҷλó˹ȥ
ǰľǺˣ֪ҶϣֻҪɱҶ˵ͻص
ʮҶʱԼȫӿҶʮƵѹ£ҶоԼ඼ֹͣˡ
ųʮˣҶһĨһ̡
䣡
ǿ֮УһɫͻȻ£˲ҶͷûҶ֮УɫҶںҶȫʱһ龧ɫƬͬʱǳ֮
Ҷڣǳ֮˳һ㷭
Ǻ˵ˣҶ˫۽Ѫһ̣ʳУͬʱֵҲ˽档
ʣһɿֲƶʱҶڱӿ
ʱ˴䣬Ϊ֪ҶҪˡ뵽һͷƤһ飬ҪתʱǺͻȻŭȵˣֻǿ֮ĩһϣɱ
ˣ
һͻȻ˺˵ĻţһҶֶ֮ٶȼ죬쵽
ֵһ̣˵Ҫĺͫ˲״ţë

ڼһʱ˲Ͳˡһ̣֪Լص͹Ҷһˡԭһ߾ǿǿȥ첻ɣˣ֮ǰûаҶһ̫ϡ
Ȼڼһ֪һ죡
ϧѾˣ
ͣ
ǰĺֱڿзֳ룬ΪԵʣˣ˵ֳʱ̫ͻȻ̫죬Ϊ˶ûпǵĻں屻ֳʱ廹ڳҶ
֮ԻȻΪԣ֮ǰٶ̫죬ҶĽҲ죬ˣںһ̣廹ڱܵĳǰ塣
ֱӱʬɫֱӲҰǾֵ˼µı֡
ʱǸ֮УһͻȻҲ£˽ǿ󣬸ʩչΣһϣʮ֤ͨۡ
ˣ
һ𣬽ţ˵İȻֹ
У彩Ӳ˫ԲУšת˲˵Ŀ֮УֱӴм˿
Ѫ࣬ڿѪ
˴ԭأǾɵ
˵Ŀ֮УҶǰγĽֲ˹ʡ
ˣ
ʣʶʱһһ貵ĽâͬʱҶΧĿռ·ܲסǵһ㣬һҼ
һĻ˴󺧣Գˣ˲Ϣ˵ǧ֮⡣
ҶĿǱȽϿǰĽϣɫ䣬ֱӻһ˵֮⣬ˣæԼķϵĽɫָнǧ
ߣҶֿԪֵܣֵͬʱɫһ䣬һ㣬æɡ
ԪֵߺҶֿûߣҶţҶ˫΢Уַ˽ϣһĻ޵ɫʱޱȽ䱸ȴԵЩ侲
ҶҪνʱͻȻ֤ͨҲҪˡ
һ㶣ҶҲһ㶣ԷҪˣ
ؿһҶû˵תһʧʡ
ҲҪˣ֮ǰ޵ĽСŮ˵꣬ȻҲؿһҶתʧʡ
ҲҪˡ

ܿ죬֮ǰ뻪ԪһļˣѾȥĻԪ֮⣬ȫת뿪硣
ˡ
֤ͨҲԸıˣǣҪûһǧ֤ͨû塣սڣÿζΪҶһΪҶѾǿ֮ĩΪҶϾͲˡǣÿҶǴġϲ
ʵǲҶϲˡ
ܲˣ
ˣ˹ѡ뿪֤ͨãҪ
ߺ󣬳оֻʣ˽Ԫֵܣиղǿߡ
ڰǰ·һٴγ֣ɱҶǣһѡ뿪Ȼʧȥ֤ͨǱסˡ
ߣʵе㲻ģ
ǲߣֲˡ
ʱҶͻȻ˽޵ˣҶ޵ɫ΢䣬г˽䱸ɵȻҶǵߣһףǶҶû˸˿ӡ
Ҷֱӽ޵ˣǵҵȻ˺ߣֵǾֵãǻʲôھ͹˵ҶɫиǴһ˿
Զ޿ҶãȻ֤ͨҲҪˡ
˵꣬תһʧʡ
ȻϣǾֻѡˡϣֲˣԥ³һ㶼ܲҡˣҲѡˡ
ܶʱ򣬾ܲסջ³ܲҡ
޵ߣóоֻʣԪֵܣλǿߡ
Ԫֵһۣ˵˵ͷҪȥʱһͻȻس˳С
˾͸òϧһдɱ㣬Ҳ£ֳǰһ㡣
죡
Զ˵Ŀ֮УҶֱӱǧ֮⣡
߾ǿߣ
һĻԭҪߵԪֵǿ߶ʱͣ


1381 սߣ
ǧɺҶͣ
ҶǰһָӡȻָӡƬѾȫΣǣƬûбƿңǳ֮޸£ǵָӡԼٶʧ
ҶֻܵһЩ𵴣ûܵʲôʵԵ˺ʵǳĹͣҲкܴһԭͨˣʩչǳ϶Ҳ֮ǰһ֮˵ġ
ǳǺǿܹס󲿷ֵ˺ȴܵס˺߾ǿߣղһĴ󲿷˺ǳ赲ʣµЩȴҲǼǿģҶǱǧɣ
ǼԪĻǹֱܻ壬ͺñ֮ǰŮӲİСӡСӵסŮǣȴûܹסŮɢȥ
ǿķ
Զ˫΢УһҶǳ֮㾹Ȼܹӵǳ֮ǲ˼顣
Ѿǳ֮һʼҲǳ֮ͬޣУΪǳ֮ڲͬڻ໥ͻˣͲǳͻǿֱܻӱˡ
ҪˣȴӲûСû뵽ǰҶȻͬʱǳ֮
ҶԼǰջĿ⣬ȻߣǰӦþػ˵λˡΪǵãٲ˵ػ˻һ߾ǿӦþλˡ
߶ˣ
ҶЩģǵԼǵäŮȻäŮûг֣֪äŮʱԵѹ϶ҪĶࡣܼ϶߾ǿģΪڤŮ߾ǿ߶Ǻܳġ
ڣǰ߾ǿ磬Ҳ˵ʱäŮԹ˲Ͼˡ
뵽⣬ҶĲɳäŮʲô⣬Ǿˡ
ʱߵҶŮ˾㣬ڣҵҪ˭ܾ㡣£䳯ǰ̤һȻֳҶվһ㡣
ָеĿռͻȻͬһ㷺һ
ԶҶɫʱһ䣬˫Ž͵ؾǳǰһ
죡
һҶֱӱ֮⡣ͣҶ졣Ҫǿӹɵģǣһܴ⣬Ǿǽ̫ˣ屶
ˣʩչնνȻý档
ҶƵԼĹ֮еɱԽŨˡţҶˡˣҪôͱˣ͵ýԷ׵նɱȻȶԷɳǺԲܹܵġ
һ˲߾Ҫ֣ȻʱҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾߵǰͬʱһֱߵü䡣
ǷһĨһ߾ȻҶ֣ҶţҲûʸ֡
ߣҶֻǵߡ
ûзϻ΢΢һȻ͵سǰһġ
䣡
һɿֲ֮ӿֻһ˲䣬ǰҶֱӱǧ֮⡣ҪٴγʱǱɵҶͻȻͣţüĽӡ漴Ҷֱʧԭأٴγʱߵǰ
һĻһԵԪֵԪɫʱ䣬׷׳ź汩˶ȥΪǷһϸڣǾһҶʱҶ֮еѪɫˡ
컻ɽˣ
ԶҶߵǰɴһĨҪ֣ȻʱɫͻȻһ䡣
Σգ
ǳΣգ
һôзǳΣյĸоȻɻ󣬵ûд⣬͵رһɿֲҶͬʱԼҪȥȻʱѾǰҶ͵ذνһն
ˣ
쳹һ̣ӿǹ˲䱻ޣͬʱҶΧڵĿռֱ̮𡣲ˣ֮Ŀռ俪ʼƬƬĹѣһӰִĿռѷѸٳԶӶȥޱȡ
˲Ϣʲָƽ
ʱԭҶǰѾҶǰ֮⡣
ҶһᣬһĨѪš
ǲ
һڳһԪ˾Ŀ֮УͻȻѿȫһ̶ѿѪͬȪһȫӿ˳˲ϢǱһѪˡ
ǣû
ȻûǣһԵԪȴѾȫë
߰
ǰλ߾ǿ߰
ȻȴҶһȻûǣʱѾ֮Է㣬˵ڶ֣¾ڶһ˰˵ڿ¾һǿͿ԰ɢܣ
ˣ
һ߾ǿֱӱҶһˣ
ȵ⣬ԪԪֹס
ԶҶûѡ֣ΪʵҲˡʩչǳյǳ֮Ѿĵľ⣬ʵ֮ǰѾǳ֮ĹˡղһΪָһ㣬ʩչġ
ܹӵĺô໥ֲ
ӿʼڣһʩչնν
նν
ɽˮˡ
֮ԻվţΪǳڳţһǳʧ군ʱ
͸֧
͸֧
ɱ
ʱԶߺȻ˵ֱ꣬һھѪǹѵѪ
һԣԪԪһۣ˶ûѡ֡
ʱ߳Ѿǿ֮ĩɱʱֻҪɱǾܹʮ֤ͨǻڵʲô
Զ֣ǡʱһҡ
ҶһֱӰȫ඼ˡ˵ھһ߶Ū
֪ʱҶ϶ҲһȻҶվﲻ
ڣΨһֵܶȻһԵԪˣˣϣԪϡ
ߵĻԪ˶ʱҶʱҶҲڿǣҶɫƽû˵ֻǽеĽ˹ʡ
һĻԪɫǾ䡣
ʲô
ʱһԵŭ𣺡ŻǣʣǻսῴҲɱ𣿲ᣬûôΪʱҲѾˡֻҪǶСָͿȡͷ
Ԫһۣԥһ˲һҶλñȥ
һĻҶƤһʱһŮͻȻǰţŮֳǰһ̽Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮УһŮ𵴶ţԪֱӱޣ
ɱ
ɱԪ֮ŮתҶ
ŮӣҶ۾˲Բ㣬㡭
ҶУɻţһ˿ɵ


1382 ֮
ǰŮ˭
ŮҶȻǼģҾڸղŲãΪŮ˾Ȼ֮ǰڤŮѹ
ɷ׵˫Ѫ죬ͷķ˿ɢ޵ɫɷˣɢһɼµԹԹǰĽֿĶЩ
ɱ⣬ɷԹ
ǰŮ˾ͺȫ綼ǷƵģ
𾪹󣬺ܿ죬ҶɫڤŮѹǰŮˣڣŮ˾ȻΣҲ˵ڤŮǳ£
أҶͷϣӡ
ŮӿһҶü䣬һ˲ͻȻֵҶü䣬ɲǼ䣬ǽӡֱӳȥ
ҶһʱڤŮԣŮŮŮŮŮȫǰ
ǡҶɻ֮ɫ
ʱڤŮǵǰ˵ڤһλ±Ѫ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷȻǵá
ڤŮߵȫԹŮԣǵѪλҲǵĽ㣬ԹŮ
𣿡Ҷгɻ
ڤŮҡҡͷûⷽס
ҶһǺ£ǵʵػ˸κβǣȴƵǰ³
ǹΪ֮ڤŮ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ڤŮתͷһԹŮԹŮ΢΢ͷڤŮĽ֮壬һͷһܿµĵطǾǣһˡǣ㵽һȻ˲ԡǣ˵ʮʾͻɱ䡣
ɱ䣿Ҷüʡ
ڤŮ˵ͷʮ֮ڱԣն֮˵⣬ڤŮ˶٣Ȼ֮ô˵ɡĽǶʩչ֮ôӴԺᵹ˱ӵùˣߵĸ磬ֻҪұ¶Ϣۣ֮֮ۻ᲻ϧһдɱ㣡
Ҷɫݣ֮˱ùҪ֮׷ɱʵе°ȻҲ֮ԣǶɱ˵¡һ֮㲻ɱˣֻҪ¶һ˿Ϣ֮Ҳ㰡
仰˵ԹŮۣ֮ΪԼİ֡
ʱڤŮֵڵʮ֮Ľܹ֮ǿа룬ҽ֮ơȻⲻֻҪɹʮͿƿض֮ĽΪƿض֮ϧֻʮÿһܾʹĥʱȥ
˵⣬ڤŮĬˡ
һԵŮŮ΢΢ͷĬš
ʱԹŮ΢΢ҡͷΪˡ¾ĽֻأҲǰ㡣
֮ǰΪʲôҶʡ֮ǰԹŮʱ񲢲ϵڤŮˡ
СһһаɣԹŮͻȻ
Сһ
ҶɫЩڡ
ڤŮ˵ͷ֮ǰĽʶ֮ʱĽûʶ֮ǰΪĸƿءǲ뿪ԭ¡ӵȥΪһȥ磬ʱ֮۾ͻ֣һ֮۳֣ĽʮĸͽΪҽ
ԭˣ
ڤŮĻҶŪˡ˵ԹŮɱʵΪڤŮ磬ڵԹŮ
ǴЩˡҶʡ
ҶĻŮɫǳ
ڤŮȻϣĽն֮ԣǰǾͿʼԸǡΪƣǲɳǿҲʵ󽵣Ǹ㣡
㣬Ҳ˼ɶ㡣
һԣŮڴ磬ڵʵȷʵ޷ǿ⣬ʵܵƺǾͿܻ䣬ǲҶġԣֻܸЩС
ʵζ㣡
ʱڤŮһҲЩʧ㣬ΪŮŮǾܹѹĽ㣬ǣԶԶ͹Ľˣ֮ǰ㱻ߡһߣ롣㵲סЩˣ룡
ŮǿҶȻû˵ȴǴһ˿Ͽɡ
ʵһʼҶΪڤŮԵʣΪҶڤŮѣǿڤŮϣǰʱǶڣϿҶҶҲԼˡ
ΪҶһ鷳ʹˡȻҪԭΪǾҶ˹˼Ҷûѡȥ֤ڤŮûпˡǶҶʵûкøеģΪڤŮ˲磬ڿҶˣʵҲͦġ
ԼˣͲôˣҶЦ仰ǿ׻ڤŮѡңڤҲ磬½ԣڤ鷳ǾӲġ
ڤŮһҶû˵
ʱҶ뵽ʲôǸڤʮǸӰŮɼǵãɱһӰŮġ
ҶĻŮҶ
ҶƤһǸɶ
ӰŮʱڤŮ
ӰŮҶ㵵
ڤŮ˵ͷӰŮɱΪӰŮȥֻ֣ӰŮһ˰֮ѡ˵⣬һҶӰŮ㲻ɱԼܻΣա
ѣ
Ҷ֮Ҳûô˵٣ڵİ֮е㼦ˣرǶ߾ǿߡ
ڤŮҡҡͷӰŮյĲǰ֮֮Ժл棬ͻ֪ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻɨһ۳ŮäŮԹŮŮӰŮŮڤŮŮŮһڼǵĴ㣬ǸûĻǲǶһ˰ڤŮ˵ڤֻʮҲʮλ£ڣڤһλ¡
ڤŮ˿ŮŮҲڤġ
ڤŮǶãҴģԣһֱˡ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷˣûˡ
ǶԴ磡
ʱԶͻȻ˵ˡԣȻߣڣ˵ߣˡ
ԹŮתͷһۣû˿ϻһӣһâɨֱӻޡ
ҶɫݣԹŮʵһǿ˵ԲȵĽҲֻäŮһ㣡
ҪˣʱڤŮ
ȥģҶʶʡ
Ҵ㡣
ڤŮŮѾҵӰŮǾֻʣ¶㡣ֻҪҵǣǾͻӻش硣
ش磡
ҶһݣȻΪڤŮ˻شǻȥ羰ģ֪ڤŮǾʲô֪һȥѪȷ硣
ʱϿͻȻһǿϢȻԹŮ˵Ϣֻ
ܿ죬һӳУɨһ۳УĿҶϣҶɣû˵٣ȻˣԱЩŮӦþڤЩǰɣãһˡüʮ֤ͨҡ
˵⣬ǷʲôȻֹ


1383 ȥԼ
ĿԹŮϣܿ죬ɫҰ˵ʱԹŮͻȻһӣһɫĺâڳһɨţֱӻޡ
һԣҶҡҡͷԷЩʱҲлȡͷڣⲻ
һɱ֮ԹŮתҶָһһöʯͷҶǰ
öʯͷŮһĨ죬һ˿ĽرŮŮ˫۷Ź⣬ӣеҪǰȥһ㡣
ǣҶ⡣
ʯ
ԹŮҾͲ˵ˡֻҪ֪㽫֮൱ĵڶΪڲռ䣬Դ洢ƽʱҪʱԵĵڶΪṩ
ԣҶɫݣ˫ʯͷ˻±ȥһ㣡

󱦱
ʲôԪ׵Ҫ󰡣ĴͬˣǣʩչնνȴֻʩչΣΪնνʵ̫ˡͿԶʩչնν
Ĵնν
ǳǳ֮ԺͲʩչߴնνңⶫؼʱ̿϶ܹġΪܶδսʱݽߣˣû취Ѹ޸ڣǿǳ֧š
ⲹʯȫΪжͿԱս޸Լ塣˵ⶫ˵ôʵ̫̫ˣ
ĽıʱڤŮͻȻ
ҶʯȻԹŮлĽ㣡
ԣԹŮ΢΢һû뵽ҶڤŮһƺΪĽ㣬΢ӦǺܿͻָ˵ͷȻ˴ҵȣӦѾǺ㣬պȥ磬Сġ
Ҷ˵ͷġȻӴˣҲǺܾ壬ԷҲԺȥ˴磬ȷʵСЩ
ԹŮ΢΢ͷȻڤŮˣ߰ɡ
˵꣬һʧʡ
ܿ죬ŮŮŮҲȥֻʣŮڤŮ
ŮߵҶԣȻҶļ򣬵֮ǰ£лˡ˵꣬һʧʡ
Ҷ
ǰ˵Ҫɱ㣡ʱڤŮȻ
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Ҷ
ڤŮЦȥȻҪˡԺ֪ûл档
ǻȥģ𣿡Ҷʡ
ڤŮ˵ͷһȥġ
Ҷ˵ͷЦҲһȥԣǻģ𣿡
ڤŮҶãȻ£ڤŮһʧʡ

ҶһȻתʧԭء
¹Ժ
صҶֱ˵ңյңֱӵȥţϵЩƬԼٶʧţƬʧ˿˿Ѫʱ˳Ϊǹѵġ
һԣϦһĻһæסҶ֣ûû°ɣ
ҶҡҡͷЦûʲô£ˡȷʵûʲô£ѣʵֻƤˡǳı£ûܵʲô˺ǣȴ͸֧ء
ߣ
ڵ״̬
óһЩɾʯҶʼɡӿڣСգţһ˿˿Ӻ˳Щһ֣Ǳһաں޸£彥ָ
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ڵϵҶϦһĨۡ
Ҷ̫ˡ
ʶҶʼһڲƴսϵǰ塣ĽŲܿ죬ûͣϢҲףΪˣô޿ɺǡ㲻ƴ㲻壬ʲôػԼ޶
ǣҶҲ̫һЩ
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ʱһһȥں޸£Ҷָļ죬һʱǳ׻ָ
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ڶ
ⲹʯԺ棬ô׾ˡ
ʯҶϦ뿪˺
ؽϿա
ʱΪ˵ĳ룬¹ԺʱԵ쳣塣
ЩͨˡϦĿ˰سϡڰس֮Уͨߡ
Ҷػ˲ǳֵģ෴ǼǲΣաʵڶЩ˵Ҳδһᡣ
᣿Ϧ⡣
Ҷ˵ͷ󲿷ѾĲ࣬ڵ磬ٷϴˡΪػ˵ԵʣҵԸ﷢չչǣػ˵ĵ̣⣬ֻẦǡңڻиҪҪԣ˲ˡ
Ϧ΢΢ͷȥ
ȥһˣȻ뿪硣
Ҷ˵꣬סϦֱ֣ʧԭء
̻ᡣ
ҶϦ̻ᣬҪˣȻǰŮ˵ðżķհƽ飬ȻңԷΣȻǻġ
֮УĿҶϣҶһ˿ӡҶɳ̫̫ˡǰ绹׷ɱڣһֱ޵̬֮ɨ
ɳٶȣ̫ˣ
׹òҶЦǰŮӣǸмģڰģмҲǡ
ĿϦͣһ£ȻЦ겻ȴѾɳֵزеˡ
ҶЦЦȻһӣһöɽ˰ǰ
һҶȻӹɽ䣬ɨһ̧ۣͷҶȵƽ
Ҷ˵ͷɽ֮о½Ƭż֮õҵƽƽȻòŵƽˡ
ⲻһĵƽҵҪúܶܶ࣡
ҶЦһΪһЩԭûܹʱ㣬£ʵǱǸĺܣҵƽ͵ǵǸˡ
ϢȻ˵ͷɽҶڵʵƽ˵Ѿûʲôˡ
ʱҶֵ׹һ磬ƸƳڻָԪûȤȥ￪̻᣿
һҪ٣˵ķչǿ϶ģҪȥ½ǰ½ǿ֮ǿ֮ÿжôĿֲ
磿ȵһ磿
ҶڲˡֻһСɣԺָġ
ĿһҶȻȻԸȥ˵һĺ£Ȼܾ
Ҷ˵ͷһ㣬Ǿ̻ᣬȥǱˡǣȥ˾Ͳȥˡ
лҶ˵̻֮оͳΨһλȻҲߡ
ˣ
ҶЦȥ½󣬰׹ʲôҪҪʲôȥ½˵ưࡣǰ׹ʲô˽˵޷Ҳңܼ֮ڣܾ
ԺɾҵĿɽˣЦ
ҶЦЦȻ׹Ժ½ˡ
˵꣬ҶͣסϦʧ˴֮С
֮УŵʣĬ

ȥգϦʡ
ȥԼ



1384 ҵøߵ㣡
꣬ҶȻҪȥΪŮڵ
ûֱȥ򣬶ǿ֮ǡ
ʵǿ
ǣħǰȻǽڽڰˣˣóȻǰȥûʲôôϾĿĿȥ򣬶ǵŮǰŮԵŮʵ֮Ҫȥ˭õס
ԣ׼׼
ǿ֮ǣҶ̡
Ҷҹǿ֮ðһС̣ΪǸտʼˣʲôû
֮УڼҶһ̣ҹǿĶʱȥҶǽ˵ĹǣûҶ½Ľˣǿ֮ǵЩеһһжֱ
ȻҶŮǣˡʫŮʵǸ޷ƿؽ˵ġңҲҼƿؽˣΪʵƿôһֻǴ֮֡
ԣҶµġ
ΪҶĽŲ̫죬ԣ˵ķչҲǳ죬⵼һ׶ˣǾǲȶ˴󲿷֮ԴڽˣΪҶҾۼһΪҶδԣԸһƴһ𴳡
ǣˡ˻뿪ûһǱ˴콣ˣǿϣģҹƶܻߡ
Ҷڣ˾ڣ
ջ˼ҹƿһϦȻҶˣ
Ҷ˵ͷˡ
Ҫȥ򣿡ҹʡ
ҶҡҡͷҾȥ򡣡
Ҫȥػ˵ܲҹʡ
Ҷһҹƣһ˿죬ô֪
ҹ΢΢Ȼ֮ǰߺҾڲħ򣬻֮ϡħǿ򣬶һ򣬵ڣֻƿؼǣ򶼿㲻ˡ
ҹ˵֮Ҷʣһǣǣʲô˼
ҹƽ͵£򶼰ǼһǵǡߣҪ̴Ȼһֻͣʮң߾ǿҲࡣ
ǼǣҶʡ
ҹƿһҶȻһǶ㲻ϣڲ
Ҷ
ҹֵûߣңֻһ磬Ȼ磬ڣҲСࡣ˵⣬ҹƶ˶٣Ȼǻкܳ·Ҫߡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵
ҹƵʵôʧġǣΪǽױδȻŮӵԵʣ֧ôáŮţʵһЩʱ䣬ħ¾Ͳҷˡ
ױδȻ
Ҷ˫ȭ˵ʱŮܵѹ϶ǼġֻҪͷǸʲôͻǣûУҪеֿħΣ
˵ѹϣ
ҹֵǿĵֿ£ȻڽڰˣǣȴȻڡѹһٵİ취Ǿ͵Ϯܲõ򳷱ֻҪ򳷱ܹ΢ǣֻʱġ
ܲҶʡʵ֮ǰʱֱǰܲǣ֪ܲңҲû취ʱգΪʵ̫ˡԣֻȻǿ֮ǡ
ҹƿҶһŵҪȥ
Ҷ˵ͷȥɡ
ĬһᣬҹƵӴ½ӳǣܲɵһЩɢԼһЩСɣУ߾ǿߣλǿ߳ƣʮϣ߾ǿҲʮ
λ
Ҷ˫΢У֮ǰնɱһλҲ˵ԷڻλߣҲСϾҪնɱĻͱնνʮλÿ˶նνģ
ʱҹֵȥĿģҪ򣬶ǿ߳ȥֻҪǳĿҲʹﵽˡ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷסһ֮϶޷ġΨһľǱ򳷱Ůѹ
ʱҹɫޱҪסֻҪ򳷱ͱóߣȻҪ߾ǿΧ
ҶЦЦİɣҲɵȥü߾ǿ߶ԿȻţǻûŵΪԼܹ߾ǿߡ˵߾ǿߣǶԷЩһӵϣ͵ˡ
ҹƳҪףϵ˵⣬˶
˵ѹô󣡡ҶЦǾԲˡ
ҹƿһҶȻʵе棬ǽ޽޾ɣܱȴô࣬˵㽣ôɫǡƫƫĽȴǼǿĽ޼Ҳѷɫ
Ҷʵ˵޾ɣܱܶԡལ޶ûܹһרڽˣǵĽǿǣǲͬҪһ㣬֮ΪػԼˣΪ׷νĽ¡˵ֻһһɱ˵һ˵֮ԿΪҪԼˣǵΪ˽£𣿡
ҹƳĬ
Ҷֵ˵ҵӣЩҵˣǶ˵Ƕ֮ԲŬǿΪҪػǣҪϱǿĶ
ҶĻҶԣϦһĨ飬ȻסҶ֣š
ʱҹƺȻԼأûΪԼ磬Ȩɫ
ҶһΪԼȷʵûʲô׷ȨɫȨУûǸҼûʲôȤɫе׷ģǣѾ֪ˡΪʫϦŮڳʵֻҪܹϦԼʫһ𰲰ȹһӵĻνġ
˻ˣ׻
ΣҶҡͷЦЦȻסϦ֣ʵֻҪ˺ãһжá˵Щ˷ʱĻˣھҪȥƣ鶼㣬ԼҲҪעⰲȫУʱҹעħ顣н飬ҡ
ҹҲСģ
Ҷ˵ͷȻϦʧԭء
֮УҹƳĬãȻػʵ뽣޼һˣȻػ˽ģǣ˽Ĳźð

Ҷû˷ʱ䣬ֱǿմӴ½
Ӵ½Ͽз󷨣һػҶ£ԷûзˣҶֱӳǡ
ӳǣػ˵ܲ
ѡɱҶԣʡ
ӳǰΣҶҡҡͷ̫͵ˣҵøߵһ㡣˵꣬˽顣
鿴ҶãȻ˵ͷ˹ʡ
ҶֽŽԶӳǣҶǷһĨȻ͵ذνӳǾһն


1385 ɱķ
ˣ
һ̶ĽͻȻӴ½쳹Žһѩ׽Ҷֶ֮Ȼͬһ׵һ㳯ǰԶӳǺնȥ֮ռֱӱиͬʱ֮ķԲڵĿռֱӴһ޴ĿռѷֱҶǰһֱŽӳӶȥ
һ̣ӳ˶ʱڳǽ֮ϵЩڿҶǵʱֱӱŵĻ겻塣
ҶĿ֮УǵֱûӳǣţӳֱӱһΪ
䣡
Զһҽ
ûлӣ˶ûӦ
ֵ̫ͻȻҲ̫ˡӳǵķûʱ俪ֱӰӳֱһΪ
ԶǱһΪӳǣҶޱ飬ɫĮ֮ҪôߵȻԭġ
Ůѹڿ϶ܴܴҪжˣҲڸߵŮһս
ԣߵҪߵԽߵŮѹԽᣬΪˣħˣ϶ֳһ־Ը
˭
ʱͻȻһŭţʮǿϢӳǳȻҶߵλó˹
ǰ
ԭأҶ˫΢Уʣת
ܿ죬ʮ߳ҶǰΪ׵İ׷ڼҶģʱʱסû뵽͵Ϯӳǵ˾Ȼôᡣܿ죬ɫ㾿˭Ϊ͵Ϯػˣҡ
ˣ
һͻȻߵĻţһҶֶ֮ȻЯһɻصϢߺնȥ
ͫȻһֿӣǣˡΪҶ̫Ҷ˵ͰνˣˣһûУֻܿǵԼϡ
ͣ
һ׷ֱӻޣǽǿֱӽԵЩǧ֮⣡
ߴ󺧣
ȻҶȴûκηϻٴΰνһն
һ˲Ϣ䣬һ߻ޡ
ȻҶδ֣ͣٴʣȻٴ͵ؾһΣԶһֱʧԭء
˲Ϣ䣬оͱҶֱնɱλʣµʮֱ±ˡ
ʱҶĽֲ˹ʣһĻʮд󺧣һ̣ʣµľû˿ԥתһʧԭء
ûս
Ϊʲô
ΪʱѾƵˡ񰡣ɱĶǰ񰡣ȻǻûӦҶֱնɱ
ɵУ
ǾλʱеͷʵʱѾȫ˵ҲǣΪ񣬲Իǵ϶еġҶֲ̫ˣһ˵ֱӾն
˲ɱλ񣬲һһ򣬶ֱͽλλƵûԼôģ
ʵУҶ϶һλ߾ǿߣ
ֻûˮֵ߾ǿߣܹɱɱһ
ʮתߣҶǷһĨЦû׷תʧԭء
Ľ
ղһĽڵ벹ʯڵѾȫĹ⣬ʣµʮ˲һɱΨжǳˡң㶯ǳĴҲĺ⣬Ϊǳ֮Ҳֻ֧ʩչѣԷʮˣ
ϧǣԷս
ʵ֮ǰҶ˵ֱնˣĿľһնˣҪЩһִǾ޵еģսʤġɹˣնˣֱЩױһսûУ
һ˴ϢĻᡣ
뿪ԭغҶûߣڽ½ӳǡȻʱѾһװ硣ԭ˰ۣеĽҲȣһҹӡ
ʱӳǰһƬھУڷӶݡ
Ϊʱ˶Ϊ߾ǿ͵Ϯӳǣ
ҶûйЩˣǽһƵ¥
ҶɨһܣȻֱӽ˺Ҷֱ˵㣬Ȼóɾʯʼա
ĹЧҪָ壬ҽԼʯڵĻҪʱ䡣ҲҪʱ䣬ǣҪ֪ڵʱ䣬Ҳ൱һʱѡ
㣬;Ƿǳֲġ
ʵҶеڴĲ㣬ÿһ㶼ܴľϲĲֻʲôأңû˵ĻĲȥԷ϶ҪȥҶԷģ˵Ĳ󣬶ԷֱӳΪĻ
Ը⳼Ļ붼˼
ջ˼Ҷʼɾʯ
ʱһһȥҶ۾ʱ״̬Ѿȫָ۷塣
ҶһԵϦʱϦҲڿҶ΢΢һЦߵϦǰסϦ֫Ϧĺ촽ȻģҪӣ߾ǿ߶κβҡ
СģϦ
Ҷ˵ͷȻһʧԭء
ҶߺϦĬãȻһŬġ

ӳǡ
ʱӳ㣬ʵ㲢ȫΪҶԵʣΪʱڳû١
ӳǱҶһӳǿʼû˶Թ˲ϾʱЩ˱㿪ʼͷҲǳû٣ˣеɱ˶ᱦ顣
ҶɨһܣͻȻֳǰһ̽ţһֱӱץ
Ӵ󾪣˵ʱҶ˵ǿ߶ʶɨΪʶɨԷҪǳ䲻⡣
ڣڡȻҶŵˣ˵ֱ¡
ߣҶʡ
ӲֳԱָָ
Ҷ˵ͷȻһɣһʧԭء
ԭأ亹ֱ뵽ʲôͫȻһ⣬ǣһİɡ

Ҷû˷ʱ䣬ԼٶνĳȻǹġøߵʱøߵǸõ͵ʱҲõ͵͵ܸõİ¡
һǽŴҶ̧ͷԶһ󣬳ǧɣУǿϢ
Ĭһ˲ҶһʳУڹһǽ档
ԶĴҶǷһĨû˿ԥս͵ؾһΡ
ˣ
һͻȻӳ쳹ӳǵɫ˲Ұס
ˣ
䣡
ҶĿ֮УԶĴȻѣʱҽ
ԭأҶʣȻһʧԭء
˲Ϣһӳ쳹
ţһϮͬһ糯ӳǼȥ


1386 ӳǵĩգ
ûӳ֮С
䣡
Ѿ֧ӳֱӱһ
ҽӳ֮쳹
ЩҴͬһ㳯ܷȥʱû˸ڴڳˡ
ʣҶ俴ǰһУû˿
Դˣ޴
ҪľǾܸߵػǿ߳סħעܵļŮܵѹ
õİ취Ǿ
ԼϳˣͲЩػǿ߻ܹסȻԷĲҲûϵʱû߾ǿߣôɱôɱ
·ҶǷһĨеĽ˹֮Уͬʱڲʯڵʼת
䡭
ʱѾΪӳ֮УʮϢ𣬺ܿ죬ʮ߳ԭҶվλá
ʱҶѾ֪ȥ١
˾˭ΪҪػˣΪ׵һ
ӦҶʱںԵĻ߳
Ҷ
˽ǿ˻ߣ뵽ʲôɫޱѿ
˶ȻǲİģҲػһ¾ҪˡΪҶʵֲ̫ˣҪ츳Ǳʱ䣬ҶѾɳܹնɱĵز
ﵽߣɱɱ
ˣ֮ǰΨһһ߾ǿ߾ȥ硣
߾ǿԳ֣˵ӦֵģǵڣǶû߾ǿ߻֮ǰҲûеģﵽ߾ǿߣҪɱʵ̫̫ˡ
ڣҶˡ߾ǿȴûκϢ
Ѿ뵽ĳֿܣˣɫʱ
ʱ߳ұԼԼҶȷʵǣնɱһߣ϶
˳Ĭ
֮ǰ˵仰Ȼŵģڡ֮ǰҶ˲ɱ񰡣
˲ɱ
Ҳֻûˮֵ߾ǿ߲ܹ˵İ仰˵ҶѾӵ˿߾ǿߵʵ
ĬϢ֪߳ͨǣ
װɣ
ʱһߵսѾȻڹãͻ᳹ױƣʱǵĵ̾ͻһֹ˱һħʱǿ޷ֵĵ̡
ԣ˳ĬѾǿ֮ĩ˵Ļذɡڳ͵ǰѴ涼øħʧĿ˵棬ʧܴ棡
ʱһ߳ߣԻһһ߼ǣҪԸҶӦûʲôˡ
ԣ˽æͷõİ취ˡ
ܿ죬һóһöɫĴ飬ܿ죬ǰռһϢŻָ
ʱǻ߳ǴұҪǧСģҪʱ䱸ҲֿܷһֿҶᣬǾ͡
ʱʮɿĿռͻȻ䶯һ£ţһͻȻǴռ֮кնٶȼ죬˻δعһǽӲģ忪ʼãȻʧ˳С
˴󺧣
Σ˷ӦҲ볯ԶǽĿռλơ
䡭
ɲǼ䣬Ǵռֱӱ
һᣬǴռָҶȴѾʧӰ١
ɫޱѿ
Ҷǰնɱһ񣬶ȴҶӰӶû
ֲ̫ˣ
ʵڵ֪ҶеηѾֻ࣬ҪҶҳ֣ǾԸҶսģϾҶǵߣߡһŵĲһսǶ˵ܴ裬ԼǹԼȥ
ڣҶȴǲһս͵ϮֶΣµҶϢı̫ǿˣ
ûһ
ǽޣɱ֣
УĬã߳òһ˹ǾּӹΧڵĿռ䣬Ȼǵ˸
£˵˵ͷȻʼӹΧĿռ䣬ܿ죬ھּӹ£ΧĿռʱڣκ˶ϢǼӹڵĿռ䣬һԷǿн룬ǻڵһʱӦ
ʱһһȥΧû˿Ķ
Ǿȴǲ˿Ĵ⣬ţг˽䱸
һӺ

·ķ֮УͻȻһҽ
Уһʱһ˾˵ǰӲУɱǵ߾ǿߣ
߾ǿߣ
ɫʱ߾ǿ߿һжǾԲԺӵģϾսֻ߾ǿ߶Դɡң߾ǿǿвǿߵģ߾ǿ֮Ĳಢôģ
û뵽ҶȻȥЩ߾ǿ֣Ƕ޷ֿҶЩ߾ǿεֵҶ
ô죿ʱһ߳
ȥ
߳ǲȥ߾ǿ߻ᱻɱ⣬ңҲẮ˵ģԣǱȥ
ԣ˵˵ͷȻһ·ӳǷȥ
Ȼ·ķ֮ҶȴѾʧֻһصʬ塣ЩʬУߵģҲеߵģ඼ߵġ
ٶ̫죬Ϣı̫ǿһ߳

ʱǧ֮⣬ͻȻһҽ
ɫһ䣬һȻ˲ҽʱѾһʬ塣
߾ǿߵʬ壡
ʱǧ֮⣬һҽ
ҪȥʱͻȻȥˣˡ֪ͨдﵽߵˣȫǻ͡ұһ𣡡
ԣ˵ͷȻæ֪ͨеĵ߾ǿߡ
ڻߵ˵ټ£ܿ죬еĵ߾ǿ˻ߵڵλá
ʱУǿоλ߾ǿͨ߾ǿжʮλٶλ
Ǵʱӳеǿߣ
ӹ̿ռ䣡
ʱ߳
£æ֣ܿ죬ԲǧڵĿռ˵ļӹ±üɲиȫ䱸
Ҫʲôԣһ߳ʡ
ȣ
ߵǵ߾ǿ߻
ԣ˽ǵ˵ͷҶֲ̫ˡҲֻ߾ǿ߲ܹԸȻҪǳȥĻ˵ɱҶ¾Ҷ˶ͻֱӱɱ
ȣ
߾ǿ߻
ǿʱͻȻʧ
˳ԶȥֻԶǧ⣬һֳֳ߻
Ҷ
ɫʱˡ
ҶߵĲ˵ܿ죬ÿһ·˵ϣ˺ѡ
ܿ죬ҶԽԽˡ


1387 ӵնν
ܿ죬ҶͣȻַ˽ϡ
һĻɫʱ䡣
֮ǰӳǿɾǱٵģڼҶҪνβ壿β
򶨣
ʱȺ֮еĻͻȻȵ
죬˶Ĥʹǣһ£ȴ˲١
߿ԶҶҶ
Ҷû˵ֿʼŻߵȥͬʱһɿֲĽ⳯Żߵѹȥ
һæҶ߾ǿѾڸ·ϣȥһȻ߿ɾˡ
߾ǿߣ
ԶҶͣЩҲӿڡ
һĻһɣ֪Ҷɵ߾ǿߣæֵȻ߾ǿѾڸϻ·ϣǵٶȣ಻һʱͿԺ򣬸ϵȥܱסԼȻһǸϵ㽫֮أ
ŻңҶ
Ż㣿
Ҷţͳ֣Ϸ˽վƴҲҪס㣬ȵ˵ǿ߸֮ʱ
УҶĬ
ʱֵҶҳϣʵȷʵ죬ܹԿ߾ǿ𣿾ܹԿһ߾ǿߣأ߾ǿܹԿھȥ
ѡϣҶģΪһ߾ǿ߸ҶɡǣҶΪҶֲ̫ˣ֣߾ǿ߸֮ǰﲻ֪Ҫˣ
ˣֻѡҶ
ҶƺҲŵˣԭسĬ˲ʮϢתһʧʡ
һĻ˶һ
ǻҲһɣҶĽ˵ǰȥЩǿߣӲ¡ҶȥǽҲ֮ǰһֱҶνˣ߶Ƚģ
Ҷˣ
У죬Ȼ鲻Խ¶˳ЦݣǽٺЦݡ
ΪΪҶѾߣˣ˶ȥԼӹΧռΧĿռȫָ
е㲻Ծ
ʱǻüͷҶ˵ӲôСܱϷˣ
뵽ʲô˫Բ͵غȵҶûߣӹ̿ա
ˣ
ʱһֱӴ˻ߵĻţһԶһռֶȻûȺ֮С
䣡
һһǿֱӱһնޣͬʱǿǽسǧɣһЩ߸ֱӱ
Ҷû뿪
˾
򶨣򶨣֣ʱǻ߽ڳ쳹
ˣ
ʱһһռ˳ţһǿʧ˳С
һΣҲ򶨲ˡ˳ܷȥлһЩ߾ǿߡ
ɱ񰡣
Ҷǰֱ˲ɱλǿߣ
һ뵽ղһĻͷƤ̲סһ飬ʱֻӣӵԶԶģ㿪Ҷɱ
ܿ죬ֻʣһЩߣЩۣѾȫˡ
ʱҶҲʧˣͺδֹһ㡣
УɫĿ¡
û뵽Ҷȥһǰ˲ɱ
һ̫ǿ̫ǿ޷ֵ
ǵ߾ǿ߻жòŵ߳
ĬƬ̣һߵʱ
ôãü
ҡҡͷǿ֮Ƕ̫Զ̫Զˡ֮ǰǴԪռûжʧӾͿԻصǡǴԪռҲҶ
Ҷ
˫΢Уţɳȥˡ
ԣ˽ǵͷҶ츳ֲ̫ˡɳȥպҪػˣ¾Ǽ⡣Ҫ֪Ҷŵ߰ȴѾܹնɱˡңʵƻܹ߾ǿ߿⣡
һﵽߣʱ߾ǿ߶Ӳ
Ǹô죿ʱһߵ
ȣ
˫ۻҲֻܵȣ
Ҷѡ潻֣ʵǲģٸƴǣҶ潻֣һһڿռ֮ڣȻʱʱܡֲǳûһܹסĽ
ԣΨһľǵȣ߾ǿ߸

ʱҶѾ㵽˵֮£ղּ֮ǰնνڣѾݽߡ
ڵ˵ʲô£ΪЩ˸׷ңҪָʵҲһʱѡ
ڡ
ҶڵأΧɾʯʱЩɾʯȼɢȫӿҶ
ʵҶǱȽϲִ˾ܵսʽģǰػˣֻӲߡڣڽ벻ȨС
н˲֮пռ䷨Ҫ߻أ߾ǿ߶κβȻֻҪ֣߾ǿߵķӦʵǿ϶ܹһ˲ͰƳġԣ߾ǿߣҲҴ⣡
ɱһ߾ǿߣʵǲɱġʩչ˽ӡӳ֣ǳֽ֮һһУǣʹнӡǳ֮ļӳ֣һǽ뿳˶ԷǣԷȻûбһɱ
߾ǿǺεȵǿ
һ߾ǿҪǲ⣬ӲնνöԷҲûа취ġնνǿٶȸǼ죬ǣ߾ǿߵٶȸ죬ǵʵǿԶӱܵġ
߾ǿһ㶼аͬ߻ãһߣ˶ѡ̫ˡ
統Ľ飬鱾ǿԶնνģǶԷȴûУѡӲʵǿӲסˡϿյ߾ǿҲѡӲǣԷûпס
ûʵװơ
Ҷ뿪˺
Ҷֱӳ˵棬Ȼ֮ǰӳǷǱȥ
Ȼ֣ҪɱѪɺӣ
ܿ죬Ҷ֮ǰߵڵأȻʱȴһ˶ûС
Ҷüͷһ壬ʱΧĿռͻȻҲ

Ҷ˫΢У֪Լ˷ˡܹа취ģֻ߾ǿߡ
Ȼѡ
ʱһڳ𡣽ţһԶĿռ˳ǻߵˡ
߾ǿߣ
һӣΧĿռʱƽı£ҵҵ㣬ϧǣȴѡռѾֽţֻҪҾͿԡ
ߵȻֹΪҶͻȻһ⳯߱ȥ
Ҷٶȼ죬ȷˣ˲ϢߵͷϷҶУһĨͬʱͷϵĽӡһ貵Ľâڽӡļӳ£Ľ˲ţ͵ذνһն
һնδֹͣѸٽʣȻٴΰνһն
ΪٶȼԵʣˣնνֱصһ
ӵնν


1388 ˾ܣ
նν
ӳ˽ӡնν
ʵڼ߾ǿʱҶһͷӣҪŪԷ
ĿʲôҪŮѹ߾ǿ޷ȫŮѹͲᣡ
ˣӣΪӣֻ˷ʱ䡣
նɱߣõħ֪ҶĿ¡Ҫħһ£Ǿһ޷ԿҶ
ҪɱҶֳֻܴ߾ǿԸ
Ϊ˾ɱߣһ־Ǵ߶ӡȻնν
ӵնνֲ
쳹һ˲ֱΧڵĿռ䣬ͬʱԭѾǷӳֱӱȻЩڷţ˲Ϣ䣬ȫޣӳǾͺûйһ㣡
ڳҶֵһ̣һĨ߾ǿߣһܹģȻҶһ̣ɫ˲ˣòҰףиǳ뾪֣һ˿ţ
ǵߣ
ܹôֲһ
Ȼǿͷõ߱ܵطǿһһ˲䣬һɿֲưһɫȦӿ˳Ȼ͵سǰҶϯȥ
䣡
һڳкȻ쳹ԭ޸Ŀռٴαȥٶȼ죬˲Ϣ䣬ΧĿռȫûܹʱߵӳȫռڶɡ
ȻЩ߾ǿߣһЩʵǿĵߣǣˣֻҪûмʱӳǵģȫɣ
ôһ£ӳǲ֪ʧ˶ߣ
УԼϢռ佥ָ
ʱҶѾ֮⣬治Զ߻ڣǧ⣬ǻߵˡ
ʱߵȫѪ֮ǰΪǶܲˣҶղһɢ𵽣һֱӽǧ֮⣬һһ̶ȵˡ
ȻʱĲԼˣߡ
ҴĻߵĿȫߡ
УĿͣĬϢ̧ͷҶţôܡôܹôǿһⲻǵ߾еⲻⲻ
˵˵ţ忪ʼ
ԶһĻߵɫɲǼҰѪһֹ̣ס
ܿ죬峹ڿɢ
һĻߵ˳ʮоֵ˼㡣
ɱߣ
Ҷɱߡ
ʱԶҶͻȻһۻߵˣҶĿ⿴ɫ䣬Ҳͳٴα˽ǧɡ
Ҷ
ߵ˿ҶɫޱȽ䱸ӿţҪս׼ܡֻҪҶ춯Ǿͻѡӣ
ս
֮ǰǵǸһսڣڼҶɱһ߾ǳûս
߾ǿ߶ܹɱ
Ҷûг֣俴һۻߵһۣȻתԶȥ
֪ǿ⻹ʲôԵʣҶߵĺǳǣߵȴû˸׷һеϣҶ߿㣬߿㡭
ԼһӣҶųʧС
Ҷʧһ̣˶ʱһ
ʱǻ֪߳ͨǣȫϻ
ȫϻһüĻ
俴һ˵ߣҪǲϷ˳ˡ
Ҳǣһվ˳
ܿ죬˷׷ױ̬Ǹһ˼
ЦҶɱЩ߾ǿ߻ôֿû취ֻֿܵ
ֻ߾ǿ߲ܹԸҶԡ߾ǿ߲ܹԿҶ
֮ǰ˵߿ЦЦȻ˵ͷʵ˵ˣԼЩ߾ǿ߱Ŀܻȫû
һͬ߷˴

֮ǰҶߵĺΪʱʵ·ˡ
Զ˵ߺҶֱһεĵطȻ˺
Ҷûн㣬ΪϦġսһεҶֱӵȥȻȫϳ鴤š
ɣ
͸֧ȵķɣ
ʵ֮ǰҶնνΪͨնνԵӣĵնνȻҲǿԵġûԣ԰ǿߣһնνͿԻɱˡ
ˣҪԣֻܶ߾ǿԡ
ղǵһʩչӵնνӣΪӣҪͬһҪǼߵģΪʩչһնνҪ󲿷ֵһΣϢĻᣬĵĸӿֲ
ڰεڶնνʱԼ벹ʯڵ⣬Լ˸⣡
ӵնν屶ϣǣҲǱ
ģʹԪе˲
ڣȻʹ࣬ʶѵģûнⷴɵĿֲⷴɣֲ̫е㺦£
ϣҶָӶܿ죬ɾʯܣЩɾʯɢ˲ǱҶա
ʱʵ̫ˣ
ӿ룬Ҷڳ˺ܿ죬ЩԼٶ޸
ʵҶ֣͸֧޸ϵĻҲмôģԵĺôϰߣϰ͸֧ķɡһˣǷɿ϶öԷǶ˵ֻʹһЩѡ
仰˵ʹǿˣ
һôǾǸоԼڲϱǿǵģÿһ͸֧оԼƺǿһЩȻҪΪ޸ϡ޸ϣǾͲǱǿǱ߲ˣ
һУù鹦ں
޸ʵ̫ˡҲΪкŸ˵͸֧˵ķս
ΪֻҪһܹá
ָЩҶ˵㡣
ϦҶûд˵ϣȻʼɾʯ
Ҷ˫ۣʱ״̬ѾָҲûʲô⣬Ҳ
ڣҶһϦʱϦϵϢڽǿеҪͻƵļ󣬲ʱڿ޷ͻƣΪͻư۲á
ϦãҶ΢뿪˺
ʵҶһУͬʱҲ֮С
ʣҶֳֹʣԭӳǵλȥ
ڶ˵˾ܣȻָȻܡ
Ҫһ֮У


1389 һΣˣ
ȻҶ֮ǰӳڵλʱһ˶ûСӦ˵һ˶ûУ
УֻһЩɢʬ塣
ˣ
ҶɨһܣǷһĨЦûȥЩˣԭӳĵλãȻҽ͵һ棬ֱӻһû˵صסص׺ҶٶȲŵص׳ȥ
ܿ죬ҶͣǰԶһ̾İɫ
Ʒ
ʱɫҶг˼ɵ
Ҷû˿ϻһ˰ɫǰȻ⳯ŰɫѹȥҶԵʵǰɫûзֱ֮ӱҶϵ˺ڡ󣬱Щŭİɫȴסˡ
һ۵һ磬ܿ죬оȻһ˿ϲ
Ҷûйɫһߵصףܿ죬ֶһƷ
ԼһӺҶڶƷ
ӳܹƷƷֲӳǵĸģȻڣȫҶߡ
ʧȻͻˣЩĻߵȻ֪Ҷǿȡˡǣȴû˸ҳֹҶ
ȻƷҪã
ǣڵѪ
ӳǱ٣ǻôʹƷҶȡߣʹĲҪҪġҶʵֲ̫ҲҪֹġҪ֪ƷӴ½ĸƷڣպӴ½ҪָԪͼ򵥵Ķࡣ
ǣƷȡߣػŪƷȻӴ½һʱ䣬Ӵ½ҲָܻԪ
ŪƷƷһûԸ۵ģΪһҪչ˲֮⣬һҪĶǾһֻӵгԣܹǰû磬˭Ըȥ
ˣһƷЩԼáʹżɢõƷҪۣǼ۸ҲǸߵס
ʧأ
ʧء
һɱҶҲԪˡ߾ɵǱɵ˽ʮ߸ǲҶǿȡӳǵ˵ҶôһŪûʮʱǻָԪġ
ȻǰܹɱҶ
֮Ҷûֹͣǳӳĳиȥ
ӳӴ½ǣˣƷࡣǣӴ½Ƭ½ϣɲһӳǣҪĳǣңĳҲƷ඼ֻһңеĻƷ
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ո
ΪܹոҶԼٶ˼£ңһȡ֮˷һ˿һʱ䣬һиȥûɱˣЩͨߣɱҲû̫ãֻ˷ʱ䡣
ȻЩֹոȻ
ʱҶȥʮУУƷĶЩƷȻҶûֹͣӶӴ½
ʱҶͣ
ʱʮһƷƷʮ
ЩƷһ󣬺һڵֲ̫ˡ
ʱڵһ̫ԣˣ
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ΨһϧǣܽЩֱתΪΪһǶġԽǺûȫںһ𣬺ֻǼľڣһϵ
ˣҪӵֻܿԼȻתΪһڵȫںһʱǾʹʱԽһڵתΪԼʱ
ʱҲõˣ
ԭأҶջ˼һиȥʱͻȻ̧ͷʡ̧ͷʵһ̣ɼǿϢӴ½ϿգţһεϳϿգ
߾ǿߣ
ҶǷһĨЦݣӴ½߾ǿڱƻˡȴЩ鷳ˣΪԷַӴ½Ҫȥֻһ·ǾǴȥһҪ֣϶ᾪλ߾ǿߣ
λ߾ǿߣ
϶ܹģ
ԣӲֻȡ
ʱҶüͷһ壬Ȼһֱ˿ռ֮СҶռһ˲һʶԭڵλһɨ
ܿ죬Ҷӿռ֮˳
ղǵʶ߾ǿߵģҲ˵Էڿʼˣ
ԭأҶĬãͻȻ뵽ʲôҶһĨܿ죬ֱӻһû˵֮С
֮Ҷһֱٶȼӿ죬һֱŵȥԼһʱҶͣǰǶڣͨģں棬ҽ
˵
ǰãҶǷһĨǰɣ
£Ҷһ͵ذνһն
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䣡
ص״һһҲܿ죬ؿʼƬƬҽԵص׳ȻӶȥ
һطĴرӦһ㣬Ӵ½֮ĴضʼҲȻҽԵص˳Ѹɢȥ
ĩ٣
һ̣Ӵ½д󺧣
ȻδңԶĺͻȻһţֱӾˣȻȫŴ½ӿ
ûн˶̶̲ʱʱ䣬֮Ҳһţ֮Щѻ˲֪ѩɽɽֱӱһ顭
ѩɽ
ĩգ
ĩ٣
˿̣˶֪ڿƻӴ½߾ǿҲ֪ǣǸҲҶ
գ֮УɫĿ¡
Ǵϻ߾ǿߣ
ϣǲôƻȥУһ߶Ϊ׵ֳڹȵߣ
ĬΣֳֹȵҡҡͷϢı̫ǿʶɨ½ûз
ʲôһ۵߳
Ĭãǲϵû´Ŀǰ򡣡
򣿡ü
ϵ˵ͷĵŮŮϵ϶һ㣬ͻȻ͵ϮӴ½ĿĿ϶ǸϻԴ˼ѹ
ڸΣ׷ɱǣ߿˲ϡ
Ŀ⿴·ĬãȻӡλ棬һЩ֮⣬û߾ǿܹסˡһΣˡ


1390 
ˣ
ȷʵˣ
Ҷһֱ֮ӰļзϣɱҶҲı䲻ڵĴңǻһܹɱҶ˵ҪҶɱпܡǿûǣҶնߵ
ʱϵѡһǣϧһдۣȫ׷ɱǣ϶ʯ١УǱҪܹɱɱһȥʱɳӴ½ʧ
߳ĬΪ֪ϲΣǻڵ֪ҶնɱһʱʵǾŭġ
ֲ̫ˣ
ߣ
Ѿˣ
ˣҶ־ֺޣ
ʱֵһѡߣǲڲκ飬ȥԸħȥ
ҪǷ棬ʧ̫ˡߵ
ѡһܾͲʧҪױˡ
һˣţѾʧ˻ɱʱڣΪСܹɱ֮ҲȥһңһɱɱĻﵽߣʵһ˵ǣλ涼ûʲôܹסˡ
ôʵе㲻ģ
߿ɬǣ˵Ĳ޵ʵֲޱȣǱ츳ǺˡȥɱӴ½ҲᱻӲзϣ˵ֱӱĵý壡
ػ˲ǵһɶɵģȥЩܲôʧ϶ѡ˳ػˣʱػˡ
Ĭãߵɣ
ϵ˵ͷȻһӣǵֱɢţϵӴ½쳹𣺡Ҷ𣬲ڲ飬ΥԣϷ𣡡
˵꣬϶˶٣ֵҶ֪ϷȰ㻹ǿȥȻϷѾ룬ǣҲֻǻһĿǰĴˡֳΧģɲħ򣬻һЩڰг֡
£ǰԶĿռͻȻһ£ܿ죬һֳֹʵǵǰ
ȻҶ
Ҷ
Ҷɫ΢䣬û뵽ҶԲԶҶǼ˼
˵϶Ҫɱǡ
ħ򣬻бڰжԷ򣿡Ҷʡ
ϿһҶȻ˵ͷһ⣬û˲һԵġħʵǿˣЩ˲ֵܷ̫࣬ǣħҲҵ̫ˣħֳһЩǣΪ꣬Щõǿħ򡣡
˵⣬˶٣ֵΪʲôûԭˮ̫ˡڵħһ漯ţû˸ȥ漯ţΪ򣬾ζҪӴ漯ţһ򣬸ﲻ𡣡
Ҷ˫΢Уŷ֣ĴĻҪ⣡
뵽ʲôҶˣھǰҪ𣿡
˿һҶ󣬻Ŀ˲ϡϵҶ֮ǰ˵ǲڲ飬Ҳʱȥ
Ҷһ۲ϣĬΣҲǳŵֻҪǵ˲ңҾͲ򣡡
˵꣬Ҷֱӻһת˲ʧ֮С
Ϊʲô
Ҷߺ󣬺ͻȻ
𣿡
Ͽգ㻹û֮ǰĿľ밵ɱǡȻɱǣ֤Լġңˣ϶ǻʲôǿƵġǽ϶ʯ٣
˵⣬ҡҡͷǴɱʱ򡣡
ԣ߽ǳĬ
ʲôʱɱҶȻڵǸʱǸʱЩһȥĻ϶ܹһɱҶеŮҶɡǣǸʱһʥôǵۣ
Ǹʱ緢飬Ǹ֪ȫȥġ֪ʱ򣬾Ҷ½һ̣ʱҶʵѾǿǶ޿κˡ
ĬãҡҡͷڼˣҲǻ£̫£û׼꣬ħû취ˡ
߳ĬҶɳٶ̫죬ڹ꣬ħܻû취Щûʲôϵˡ
Ҫôػ˻ָԪ

뿪Ӵ½Ҷٶȼӿ죬Ӵ½ǿմȻͨǿմǿ֮ǡ
Ҷ̻ᡣ
ˣҹƺûкѣҶֱӵûѡֱȥҪĲǼŮҪ޶ȵİ
ŮǱȱĲǿ߾ǿߵȥҲ൱һλ߾ǿߣԵŮûκΰڰУܶ飡
ŮȻҪڲʱ
ҹҡҡͷȻҵ鱨ϵͳŸս鲻ȷ顣Ѿ̻ǸС㡣ǡ
Ҷ
ҹƵ˵ͷҪ㣡
Ĭһ˲Ҷߣȥ
ҹƵ˵ͷȻҶ뿪Ҷ̻ᣬܿ죬̻ᡣ
УڼҶʱǴСϹٶʱ¶һõЦݣ֪ӵ⣬ҾͲϻˡ˵ţɫڲǰʧĸ磬ڣֻʣ硣ˣʱħĴѾΧ磬֮ǰǿͻȻߣˣħļƻħֻΧûз
˵꣬ϹٲɿһҶΪǿΪʲôͻȻߡΪǰҶ
Ҷ飬Ѿȫ֪Ҷ½Լ飬Ѿ֪߰˰ˣ
ֲ
ڵ֪ҶҶǣֲͬʱҲһǾǲϧһд£Ҷ
𣿡Ҷʡ
ϹٳĬΣȻӣյβΧĿɲֹħ򣬻н߸ЩûгȫֻǰһЩǿħֳһЩǡӦòˣֻԵɳһЩʹˣҲСΪħЩһ𣡡
˵꣬Ϲٶ˶٣ֵ򣬴ʵǾʱ򣬳漣Ȼ
Ҷ˫ֻ
ʱϹǰĿռͻȻ£κϹ̧ͷҶյϢǵŮױδȻУҲսױδ죬ԼױδȻĸǧ


1391 ҪҪս
ԣҶ˫ۻ
ƵŮ
˶ڱƵŮĸĸڱ
ħĸ󣬴ʱŮѹǺεȵĴ
һ뵽ŮڵĴҶ͸оԼһ㣡
ĬãҶ۾Ϲ٣Ϲðһ䣬̻ӦԼɣ
Ϲٵ˵ͷ
Ϲٹ̻еȨж󣿡Ҷʡ
Ǽ̻ᣬԣ̻ᶼϹУҸֻŮһңһҶϹܿҸѾ̻ύҶôԣҵȨ̻ǵڶɡϹٵ
̻ж߾ǿߣҶʡ
Ϲ˫΢У򣿡
Ҷ֪ⲻǺʵԣϣõϹٹҪ̻򣬺ܲʵΪ̻ᲢϹһϹٿϴӦĻҲһ
ϹûЦݣߵһ£ϵĲ豭һڲˮȻӣһɡǱȥȥ͸Է⣬ⲻȥ
Ĵ˭֪
ȥǾҪģΪѾעˡȥӴ򹷣ȥ޻أ
˵Ҷ֪ҶҸоõˣԣԸ
󣡡Ҷ
Ϲҡҡͷӣˡֱԣֻգûп󣡡
ʱһԵҹվ˳ٽ㣬㿴طˡҪ򣬿˵ţָҶ
ʲô˼Ϲٵ
ҹ۶ߵ㷢ȻҺٽ뷨Ҳ⡣ڵȷʵûʲôϣٽһ£һסˡٽİ£סˡΪٽʲô
ϹЦЦû˵ʵѾǷǳ϶ˡǣҶҹѿϣܹʶȤĲڼ⡣
ҹ΢΢˵ʱҶȴסֱۣȻҡҡͷ߰ɣȥǶС̸̸
ҹƿһҶȻ˵ͷ
û˿ԥתȥ
ţʱϹٵͻȻ
Ҷҹͣ˽ŲҶתϹ٣Ϲ֪֮ǰģеǿѣҲϹѴԣǲϹǣҷɣԣϹﲻԸֻȥұˡ
Ϲҡҡͷӣܶ飬̸ġҪⲢǲûпܣǣǾ仰ϣӸһɡңˡֱԣλ˵ҵĻҲ˵áߣλܹ˵ãһܹ˵ңǶˣҺܱúðɣ
ϹҪ̸̸Ȼˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻϹذɣȴôΪ
ΪʲôϹٵ
ҶָָԼΪҡ
ҶšϹһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ҶֵϹǺӽͼ𣿡
Ϲٵ˵ͷȻ޼ʩչͼսǿߣͼ֮νǡ˵⣬ͫ΢㣬õǺӽͼ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ҪǰŮͱҪ¶һЩơ
ҶͷϹֻǺӽͼⶫǳԽƷ׵ĴڣңǽͼҶǾޣⶫ߶ò
ĬãϹҡҡͷ
ʱҶϹٹԸպÿ磬̻ᶼȥ̣ʮڣýκ˰աУҸŵֻҪҶ֮꣬ԸΪ£
ûʲô룬ˣֻԼ
£
ϹٻȻ̧ͷҶҶڲŵߣǣĸ߸ֲǲʵǱҶڵʵΪ£ʵûʲôôǣԺأҶǲǱպ󽫻ǺεȵĿֲ
ģһ飬ǾǣͶ⣬ԶͶ˲
Ҷһ׳ɳﵽߣﵽߡʱܹΪ飬ɾͶȥˡôȻҲȥˣ
ҪҶȥˣͿˡħң̻ΪƽϢħŭ˵ֱ㲻ǣԺȾָ̻ˡ
ܴ󣬷ܴͬ
ĬãϹָҿԵλ߾ǿߣҵļޡֻܰи㣬Ҳܱ¶ǵݣҲ̻Ҫһ֮飬̻ûйϵϣ⣡
ϹٵĻҶһɣʵûбʲôϣģǣû뵽ԷԸ
ܶԷΪԺİʲô飬úţ
ϣԺ󲻻ڣʱϹٿЦЦ̫ˣڵһаԺδҶδðգǳðա
ʵϹٲ֪ڲúͺԼľøıһı̻δ
ҶϹٱ˱ȭϹҶˡΣպзԸܼ֮ڣƴǡȻܼҲᾡԼȫ
߾ǿߣİɲһ㣡
ϹЦȻЩðգǣܹύѣðգҲֵõġ
˵ǰҶǿصĻڵ֪ҶͽҶԼеĵλߵһ㣡
ϧһд۽ύ
̻ģǣûǿʵʲô⣿պҶǳɳһ仰ܹı̻δһ㶼ţҶǱ
ھȥ𣿡ʱҹʡ
ҶҡҡͷҪȥħ򣡡
ħ
ԣŮɫһ䡣
ʱϹٳҶҪ֪ħɲɭϣ󷨷ǳĶ࣬ңǣ϶ٻλ߾ǿߡˣħħϿ϶ӵдԪ죬һħ飬ʮϢʱͿԻصħɲһ߾ǿߣ
Ҷ˵ͷлֻ֪ǣһҪȥħ򣡡
ΪʲôϹü
Ҷȥ򣬻Լ¶Լ뱻ǣͻϮħҾ벻򣬾ȨСңħ벻Ҹȥ͵Ϯǣԣ˵һᣬһħʵĻᣡ
ʱҹƵǣΣգ
ҶЦЦȥͲΣ𣿶ΣգȻΣգѡȥ͵Ϯħʱʿ϶һҴħȥȻڰæһ£ضܹʿҲõŮһЩԸѹ
֮ǰ͵Ϯǿ߿϶᳷صģŵڽ
ӪˣĻ˼ȥ
֮ǰѡֱȥǿ߿϶᳷ߵġ

ңҪǣϲϲ
õķ
Ҫ
Ҫս


1392 ɱ⣡
ûãϹٵ߾ǿ߱˴֮С
ڵ֪ϹҪʱ߳ĬãΪ׵İ׷߳Ѿͷ֪ϼһ￴㣬ԣһμ̳˵ϣվߵġҲľΪ֪ô϶ԭġֻ˵ѾˣҪ֪ʧܣԼܻ̻ܿᣡ
ϹٵԪϣһΡ
һۣȻ˵ͷԪϵҲգȻѡģЩϼһһѡ
˵꣬תͷҶһҶ󣬵ϼһ㡣
Ҷ˱˱ȭȻлλΪ˲˷ʱ䣬ھ߰ɡ
˵˵ͷһʧ˳С
Сģ
ҶҪʱԵҹͻȻ
ҶЦЦģ򲻹ҾܣԼǿճҲҪСġ˵ţϹ٣ϹǿճǸ㣬չˡ
⻹˵
ϹٰҶһۣȻߵҹԣסҹƵ֣ЦѾھϹٵãǿ֮˭۸͵۸ҡ
ҶһϹ٣Σлˣ˵꣬ͣһʧԭء
ζĵͦ󣡡ҶߺҹͻȻ
Ǻܴ󣡡Ϲٵ˵ͷ
ʧģҹƵ
ϣˣϹҶ䣬ǰ;ˡңŪû̻ᡣ
ζģ䲻

Ҷͨǿմֱħ
ò˵ǿմȷʵ㣬ǿմ֮ľ뱻ˡ⴫ͷȴǹĿ£˭ֻ˼ǿմأ
ǿ֮УԪϳСѣҪȥ͵Ϯħ½ҶĵϸȻģΪϹѾҶ϶ҲΪʲô¶ϹٶһεҪԭ
Ҷ˵ͷȻһȥ
һۣԪϵ㲻Ҫ˸ȥ˻㣿
Ҷҡҡͷûλǰ˼ҵ˼ǣȥħǣλǰȥħı磬ȥ֮󣬰ЩƷƷͨͨߣһħ򣡡
ħ򣿡Ԫϴ㵵
Ҷ˵ͷһȥħ½һǣסԣλǰȥǣٶһҪ죬ΪȻԵĻ˳ɱˣǱ˷ʱ䡣λǰλǰԼģ
ԣ˲Щ⶯ħһ򣬳ħ½⣬С磬ЩС֮У϶ҲƷġҶȥħ½ǣסħǿߣңЩС֮Уǿ߿϶Ҳޡܵ˵ҶҪǷƣ
˶Ҷĺøжʱ࣡
Ԫԥ£Ȼħ򣬿λ߾ǿߣҪһȥ
ҶҡҡͷΪħεĿģǹħԣλǰٶȵþ죬Ϊǵħǿ߸ϻ֮ǰߣԣʱ䲢Ǻܶࡣ
Ԫϵ˵ͷãСѣԼСģ
˵꣬ԪһʧԶǿ
Ԫ뿪ҶһʳУͬʱҲ˹֮С
ԭسĬһᣬҶһʧԭءܿ죬ħ½ϿգûֱӽȥϹԣħ½ϿǿĽ󷨡ǿнȥ϶ᴥ󷨡
ǿ֮УҶֳֹʣĬãͻȻӿ
ȣ
Ҫǵȣе߾ǿԼԪϵӦϾͻᶯ֣ʱ߾ǿ߿϶ȥԮʱĻᡣ
ǳöԷȥȻȶԷߺɱħ½ֻһ
䣡
ʱһֲϢ·
Ҷ˫΢У֪ԪϵѾڶˡ
Ҷ·ֽеĽܿ죬һӰ·˳
һˣ
û˿ԥ˲֮Ҷĺ󱳣ţҶֱʧԭأٴγʱѾŹӰͷ֮ϡ
㣬ǡӰ֮Уһ
Ȼ߾ǿЩ¡
ҶȻȥشԷû˿ϻνһնνһնû֣ǿٽ˹ʣȻٴΰνһն
ӵնν

ħ½ϿգȻһҽ֮󣬼쳹ħ½

ܿ죬һŭͻȻħ½𣬽ţһһ֮ǰ߾ǿߵλãʱֻǱֳ߾ǿߣ
һĻǺд󺧣ɱߣ
˾Ȼɱһ߾ǿߣ
һӣΧռʱȻγһ̵Ŀռݡһкʶʩչ˲Ǹס˷ԲʮڵĿռ䡣Ƭ̣ɫѿΪʲôҲûз֡
߾ǿ߱ɱ֣Ϣʱ䣬Ϣʱ䣬ԷȻʧӰ١
ɫԽ
ʱһͻȻ˺ߵǰӶźһȻϣյϢǿĴӶǵƣԷˣ߾ǿߣ
߾ǿߣ
˫ֻĬƬ̣֪ͨħ˵򣬿ָʾ
ӵ˵ͷȻóһŴ飬˲ʮϢǰĿռͻȻ
Ĭһᣬӳħ˼ϲҪ磬ֻҪסħ½ɡ
ħ˻𣿡ߵ
ҡҡͷȻħ˵ֻҪ򣬰ЩˣС󣬵ʱֿ𡣡
ħʲôʱ򷢶ʡ
Ѿܹˡӵ
ߵ˵ͷˣ˵꣬ɨһܣȻһʧԭء
ں뿪ʱҶԭأʱҶѾںڽָ
֮ǰδȥˣӵĶԻѾ
ħܹ
·ħãҶóһö飬˲һӣΧĿռͻȻţԪ˳ԡ
СѣԪϲ⡣
ҶѾõϢħѾ򷢶ܹҲ˵ǲ᳷һʱֻһʱʱ䣬һʱڣɱپɱ٣ɱ⣡
ԪϳСѣһ򱻹ơ
ģ
Ҷ˵꣬˫˲Ѫ죬Ȼҽ͵һգһ⳯ħ½ȥ
ԪһۣȻҲһħ½˹ȥ


1393 ս

һ򣬲ӵһ磬ӵϰٸС磬ڣֻһΧС硣
ƴ½Ƴǡ
Ƴƴ½ǣҲһߣʧأζ򽫴Ƭ泹ʧ
ǽ֮ϣһŮ˫ָ̧ͷʣƽĮȻ
ŮһϮɫף׽Ů壬ŮӵԵøӻȡŮī㷢һɫ˿һ㷢պüλáŮҲλãһɫķ컭ꪣ
ǰŮǵŮ
ʣܲ
ʱһһ˳ǽ֮ϡ
һϮɫףȫɢһǿս⣬ɫȴԵЩ԰ףдһ˿ƣ֮ɫԵֻʮ꣬һɫҲǴһЩ԰ס
ˣǵŮĸĸױδԼǧ
ûˣŮͻȻڡ
ױδ˵ͷڣֻʣƴ½ˡ
ԣŮ˫ۻ
δȻ㾿ʲô
ױδħ߾ǿߣֻʣİǿ߸ǣңǰеǿ߻ûȫƴ½սѾǹˡڣսҲסǡ
Ů۾ױδ죬ǰ׵˼ǸΣ
޸졣
ʱǧͻȻδȻһˣҲǣһλ츳ֻľţ޸û㡣
˵ţһȻҡҡͷδȻΪ㵱ļ֣Ѿ̫̫ˡڣ֣Ҫϳˡ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲΪԼܻܵƴ½밡ѵҪһս𣿡
Ůû˵ȴǻ
ǧֵδȻѾӦֻҪӦǾͻħ֮飬ѾǱ֤ħʱǲԸŹǣǾͻɳǿ
Ҳ˵˵ϣ𣿡Ů
ױδ̾һδȻ֪Ӻǿּƽ飬϶޷ܣǣѾûʲôѡˡħʵѾﵽ߾۷壬ֻֻ߾۷ǿߵħûսǣƣǸĶ֡ڣǿսʤҲ޷ֵˡ
㣬Ŀ𣿡
ʱһԴһţһױδȻЩƵ˹ָָǽϵЩǣ븸׻ĸףԼƴ½飬ڽĴսȥĿ˶ȥ
Ůû˵ǣǸ˫ȴǽţָܽ׶ġһ˿˿Ѫָ䲻
ĬãŮѾߣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
˵ŮΪѾڰˡ򲢲ڵսǣҲԮǡ
˵ǸǸҶɣ
ǧ˵ŮĻδȻٲ˵㲻ѼҴս͸Ҷиʲô֮ԼδȻǺͿҶˣѾȷʵһţǣΣסħסħ򣡡
˵⣬ЦһУڶҿǲˡδȻϣϣẦˣ
ŮҡҡͷȻ˵Ҫһ
δȻͲΪҲΪԼ밡ǧ
ױδ˵ͷδȻ츳䣬ǿ֪ٱֻǿָ㣬δǰ;νһƬֵ̫ˡ򣬶ǣ㣬кôֺαôִأ
ŮͻȻ̧ͷױδ죬ףս񴫳У㣬ʲôս񣿡
ʲô˼ױδ첻ĿŵŮ֪⡣
ŮסԵֹ꣬ȻżȻһߣ߶˵һ仰֪ʲô˵սЭ԰ܣսսݣս񡣡
ױδĬ
Ůֵףҽӹֹһ̿ʼҾս·Э԰ܣԼȥȡνĺƽһΪսһֹ𣿡
Ů£еֹͻȻһ貵ĹâţҲ
㣬ѵҪΪνʲôս𣿡ʱ
Ůתͷ꣬ãҡҡͷĲһ㡣
ɫʱѿȻ֪Ů˵Ǹ˭
㣬˵㣬Σû㣡
Ůû꣬ǿױδףĸҾãΪһս壬˵µģµʧȥηľҪҼҲһǣ˵ǳ裡
˵꣬Լеֹ꣬ս
һս
ʱһͻȻƴ½֮ϵǿ쳹
ɫǾ䡣
ħ
ħ
ܿ죬һӳƳǳĿСһϮϽɫۣ͸ߴ󣬿ˣϣɢһ޿ƥеİ
ħĿ˵ŮϣŮ㡣ΣֻҪԸ޸ңҿˣ԰֮ǰµ綼黹ǡ֮⣬һƿս塣ֻҪ֣˶ãǱɽ磡
ŮԸ޸ȻڽΪںƽͽУңһλս
ɫ˫գ
򣬴Ҳ⣡
ױδЩ⶯ȻҲ֪ħʲô⣬ǣܱ򳹵ʧĺá
ңһĻҲͶ˵ȥһЩ
ǵÿŮ˼ǵǿȵŮôǣŮʵǿǸκιΪ
ױδ˿˵Ů
Ů̧ͷħս
ŮĻױδɫʱѿ
УħŵŮΣȻϧˡ
£һӣɲǼ䣬ǿ֮ϵĿռͻȻƬƬܿ죬ǧ˳ƴ½Ͽա
ħߣȫ߾ߵнʮλ񣬶ˣͶ߾ǿߣ
ôߣȻȫħģбˡ
ħߵݣɫޱѿ
ѹ
ħȫѹ
ħĿ˵ŮϣŮһλᣬǲӦ֮ʱҽƳˣ˵
δȻ
ħĻױδȻ˻תͷ˵ŮӦ˵е˶˵Ů
ֻҪŮͷⳡսͿԱ⡣
ĬΣŮͻȻЦû뵽һսʱ򣬾Ȼһս˶ûС
˵⣬һһɨƳˣĿױδǧϣһΣΪսһΡ
˵̧꣬ͷʣǸ֮ԼҪʳˡ
£ŮͻȻӿһɵâ
ȼ꣡
˴󾪣


1394 ʱѾˣ
Ů˽
Щ˾˽ΪֻҪͷսͿԱ⡣
˿һˣˣǷǳֵõġңǿǼ޸ħħˣһֱΪŮĲӦ˳ǵˣĸĸԹޡ
ǣЩˣŮĸĸδվڵŮĽǶ
Ůһ߰ˣҪü˵ķʽⲻĳ裬ĳ裬Ҳı
һŮȥȡƽⲻǱʲô
ңԼǣսһӦħζԼ
жأ
˵һӿܶĿˡ
裬뱯ǣĸĸȴǱȥ뱯
ѡȼ꣬ΪսһΡ
ΣѾҪˡ
ΪʱѾˡ
УŮȻȼ꣬˴󾪣ʵħˣ˶û뵽ŮȻ˾ֱѡȼ꣡
ʱٲͻȻ˳ǽ֮ϣٲֱܵ˵ŮǰС㣬ס֣Ҹյһ˷Ϣħ½ҶλֹƣʱҶħ½ǣħϳǶ˵ˣ
ס
Ůü΢ϵĻϨȥŷٲףǵ棿
ǧȷٲæ
Ů̧ͷգڸңҲһս𣿡
Ůȼ꣬ٲ׶ʱһղǰŵû겻塣ҪҶ֪ѵŮƵȼ䣬ҶԸһת׼ˣ
Ҷ϶ɱˣ
㣬һ㶼ɣ
ãϢüʱʵҲȷϢ滹Ǽ٣ǣܲôˡֻҪŮȼͺã
ʱħǰĿռͻȻܿ죬ħɫĿ˵Ůϣû뵽㻹к֡ĺܺ棬˭Ȼʱ򡣡
ŮûйħǿˣǲѡսǾѡڵ֪ҶħƴɱˣѾû֮ǰġ
ȻʱѡͶ߼֮ģΪôǺҶЩ뷨ҲǵںҶԲģ
δȻ
ʱױδ˵ʲôǵŮȴֱӴңұزǻҪҼȡνĺƽھߣһȥħս˵õõ
ҶΪʲôȥħΪ
ҶħûʲôޣҲþģǣΪҶ޷˴˽
ʱѡ޸ħҶǳⲻˣ
ŮĻױδһһۣױδġ
Ů֧ҲδǺǲ롣Ҳ֮ǰǲǿбƵŮҪԭ򣬵ŮʵԸȻû˸ǿκ£
ԣŮ˵ͷȻתʵħħҪսǾս
ʣħŵŮ
ʱԵһߵħҪҪһ˻ȥħ½ħ磬飬ħ˵Ƿǳصġ
ħҡҡͷȻûϵħ½ûˣԺǵ½
˵꣬һӣˣһ
£һ·ӳǳ˹ȥ
ǽ֮ϣŮֹ꣬󷨣սһ̡
¡
䣡
һ貽ͻȻƳǳ𣬽ţʳ˽һʮλֳֳǹĽˣЩ˲ˣۡȻۣǣЩȴȫǰ񾳡
һʮλǿߣ
ͬʱƳ֮вȻӿЩˣЩӿ룬ЩԽʵʣϢԽԽǿǳƳǵЩǿϢҪǿ
һʮλ⣬ǰλȫɢϹˡ
ȫ͸Ϲˣ߾ǿߣ
ս
սױδս񴫳ʱõһ󷨣ҲıֶΡҲΪ󷨣ħŵŹ
ʮڣֻʩչһΣΪ̫ɾʯһΣѾĹɾʯ
ս󣿡
ʣħǷһĨЦ΢΢һȻ˫ֳǰһǰĿռֱӱһ޴ӡ
𣡡
ǿռڶ֮УͻȻŭŭ𣬷ԲʮڵĿռؽͬһҲ
ܿ죬ͷ״ǣȫڵȻƳǵϿա
ͷȻһģһ״ǣȫڣ˫ۿȳԴô۾Ҳǰɫźн쳣ķżһ£֮Ŀռֱӱ˿
֮⣬ͷȻȫëǳվڵϣȫëڵϡ
ͷȻ·ױδɫޱʹǵŮҲһ˿ء
ħǣ
ޣ
ޣ
Ƭ棬ޣռȣЩޣޣȻҲޣħƬޣ
ͷ˼ηޣ
Ůɫޱȣͷ޿߾۷ǿߣȻ˿Ĵ⡣
ʣħħǣǲϲɱЩˣ½Ҷǳԡ
𣡡
ħĻͷħжʱ׹⣬һ̣ͷħͷһŭȻ·Ƴǳȥ
·Ůһ˻һɫ
ս

ħħǡ

ħ֮Уһһҽ
ʱħڣʬҰʬ壬ֵϣѪͬһţͬʱħϿգɢһ㱡ĺѪԵʶγɵѪ
֮ǰҶɱħǺ⵽ħ½ǿΧȻħ½Ӵ½ҪǿĶ࣬ҲĶࡣˣڵ֪Ҷӳʱеǿ븽ǿ߶˹Ȼ˿ʼΧɱҶˣ
һʼħ½ǿ߻սʮ㣬ǲһᣬЩǿ߾Ϳʼ־ˡ
ħΨһһ߾ǿҶΧ֮ºħ½ҲûֹܹҶˡ
ɱ
ɱ
رҶʱҶȻѾɱۣ˾ɱѪԴԴӿеԼڵɱ¾֮ġҶʱѾһѪˣǿҶѾһѪˡ
쵹ȫЩѪ̫̫ˣˣѪҶɱ¾֮ա
ʬҰѪɺӣ˼
ħǵʵдգ
˲֪á
䣡
һѪͻȻ𣬽ţƬʽǱѪ
ͬʱһɿֲɱƾճħϿգţɱӵħн䣡
ɲǼ䣬ħǶһɺɫ֣ɺɫ£һЩʵϵ͵ֱӱɱʴȻһͷɱ¾
ɱ⣡
˴ﵽɱ⣬ɱ⻹һּΪֲٶȱǿţ
ܿ죬Ԫ˶ͣ˿ҶλãǾ֮ɫΪɱǶܹʴˣ
Ȼɱ⻹ԽԽǿԽԽǿ


1395 ǸҵʧԼˣ
ɱԽԽŨԽԽǿ˲Ӻ
䣡
һǧɵѪͻȻħ֮гѪֱʣֱûǿ֮УһƬǿնȾѪɫ
УѪһ˲һʵʻѪɫ˲佫ħǰɲǼ䣬ħѪ֮С
УԪһЩ־ǿİ֮⣬ҴȫɱʴȻһͷ˾ɱɱ¾
Ԫд󺧣Ȼûбɱʴɱ¾ܣǣɱѾܹӰ쵽ǣڣ˾Ȼɱˣ뷨ǳǿң
æתԼͷԱѡ
Ϣɱ˵࣬Ȼ˿˳Ҷλá
ʱҶһѪɫУѪԼٶȳǸλû۶
벽Ԫɱ⣡
Ԫһۣнž֮ɫ
벽Ԫɱ⣡
ĳ̶ֳ˵벽ԪɱҪȰ벽Ԫÿֲġ˵ǰ벽Ԫɱ⻹ǰ벽Ԫ⣬ǲģû̫Ҫֳǿÿǵˡ
֮˵벽ԪɱȰ벽ԪֲΪ˰벽Ԫɱˣ϶ֺݽɫ
ǾˣԲ˰벽Ԫɱ⣡
ΪֲǣҶҲﵽ츳պҪﵽ벽Ԫ⣬ʲô¡
˫ذ벽Ԫ⾳
뵽⣬ԪͷƤЩ顣벽Ԫɱ⣬ʵѾܹ߾ǿвˡڼϰ벽Ԫ⣬ƾ⾳Ѿܹѹһ߾ǿʧȥһս
ʵİ벽ԪɱѾΪˡرǶԸЩʵ־ˣ벽ԪųֱӾͿԽЩ˱ɱ¾ܡ
ڣзǻˣѾɱ¾ܣʱЩɱ¾໥ɱţ
ѪʱԪԵһߺȻ
ԣԪһ̧ͷȥȻʱҶڷѪ
һᣬԪϳԣеǱѪ
ȻѪɫ֮УҶ֮⣬ҶͷһѪʱЩѪɫǱѪ۶ȥЩѪӿ£ǱѪţԽԽʵʻУѪͬ˳һ㲻Ϸޱȡ
⽣ҪԪϳ
ԣɫݣҶѪѾ۷壬ڽҲԪף
Ԫף
Ƕûа
ҶǣҲǲҪġΪʲôǾ׽ģֻҶ־ˡǿշֻʵ䷴ȻܵеùǣǣĳؼʱǾͲˣ
ͺñȴʱĽ飬鲻ǸĸҶҶǿշ𣿹ؼʱҪǸҶһҶôĶ֪
ȻӵоԵʵǾˡ
˲һӡ
䣡
һѪâͻȻҶλñѪâͬһ㳯ܽ俪֮нȫΪƽأʮϢħǽ֮ĽȫѪâݻ١
ˡ
ʵħ֮УԪ˻Ҷ⣬Ѿˡ
ܿ죬ҶѪ֮˳ԣһ
Ѫ
֮ǰһʱ죬ȫѪ죬ֺ죬ɺ죬ǰ죬֮⣬ǽ֮ϣĴָĺɫСУɫСڣԹ֮꣬ǰЩɱ֮˵Թ꣬ǧ֮࣡
Ȼ֮ǰҶɱԶֹô࣬Ҫ֪ˣֱġ
ǧԹ꣡
ǧԹ꣬ЩԹȻǰ裬ʵʱǿͷųЩԹġǧԹ߾ǿҲ˱ܣ
Ҷǲ׷ųԹ̫࣬Թ̫ǿǰ벽ԪɱҲСҲ壬ΪЩԹ궼ѾסȫסЩԹֻ꣬Ҫ첻ЩԹͲΡ
нԼڣʮҲұҶҲûɱҶʵ֤Ҷǰ;ģ
ʵ컹ǽ飬ǵֿǼǿġ
ֻ˵УܹҶֿǲܶսߵģǣҶУô߽޷Կǣ
ҪɳҲֻиҶܹٳɳ
ǿҶĽԼģ̫ߣˣʱҶĽû̫ôȻҶһ·ѣ֮ͬ䣬û໥õ˼
ҪɱɳҶպǾɱˣ˵Ҷֱ
УҶߵԪǰʱһѪζʱԪ˹ȥѪȵζõ˲üͷͬʱҶɢɱõԪЩ㱡
΢æתɢԼ߾ǿƵֿš
ʱѪ˵ҶָǣԵȴɢѪϢˣɢɱ⻹ԽԽǿҪһǡ
˵⽣ɱˡ
ˣ
ʱͻȻһ̶ĽһѪɫͻȻ𣬽ţֱӻһѪ⳯ȥ
ȻҪȥɱˣ

ʱҶͻȻ
Ԫ˵Ŀ֮УѾɵ쾡ͷͻȻһѪɻصҶǰ
Ԫˣ
쵱Ҷıɱ¾֮ģζҶѾΪһ壬ΪҶͶǣȴû뵽Ҷк˺ҶʲôֶΡ
ˣҶȻˣǣȴҲҲ
Ҷס죬ȻԪˣλǰ߰ɡ
˿һҶ˵ͷȻһʧʡ
Ҷתͷһ۳еħǣһ̣͵ԭһɨȻһѪ
ҶʧһѪɫҶǰվλóԲν俪
ת˲
ħǴһ
ħûˡ

ƴ½
ʱսҲѾ˰ȻŮԿһֻħǣױδȻǧԸħ
ʱ˶ǴھԵ·硣
ŮܹǿֻħǣǣױδȻȫħѹŴ
ʣµһֻħħЩԿƳٻ߾ǿֻħǵĴ£ЩѾʧ룡
һ浹
ӿʼڣȫѹƣ
죡
ʱԶױδǧֱӱǧ֮⡣
ħȴûȥױδǧһֱ˵ŮȻ͵һȭŵŮ˹ȥ
ֻҪ˵Ů͵ڽ
ħǽֵĵŮû뵽ħͻȻ͵ϮӦܵתֹᵵԼǰ
죡
ǿֱӽŮ䵽ǧ֮⣬ͣһھѪʱħȴǳǰȻֱӳײ˹ȥ

Ůͫ΢ֹ걾ܵصǰ
죡
ŮʱھѪȻֱӵ˳ȥ
һжˡ
Զħ£ǷһỊ̃ȻŵŮȥŮҪʬƳǳǽϱʬһ֪꣬Կħ³
ħҲûţһĹ⳯ŵŮ˹ȥ
ԶŮ廹ڵУһԽԽħԼħǣȻ˫ۻǸҵʧԼˡ
ԼȻָҶԼʱ䡣
ʱϿյͻȻ˰ɫ


1396 ƨ̫࣡
죬Ѫϴһ㣬һƬѪζ޾ɱͬһк¡
˴󾪣
ħüͷûֹͣٶȼӿ졣֪϶аˡ֣ȻǰġںֻҪɱ˵ŮǴ־Ͷˡ
ħʾ£ҲٶȼӿŵŮȥ
ħħŮǰвʮʱŮǰͻȻһˣһȫѪˡ
ȻҶ
ǰħħǣҶѪ֮һĨһ̣Ž͵ذνһն
նν
Ҷһ˲ħͫ΢һĨ𾪣Ȼһ֮ǿ󣬲Ҵ⣬ֳǰһ̽һɫȻǰţǺɫ֮͵رһۺڹҶǵ
䣡
ͻȻһըس˶ĤʹͬʱǵЩɫѵһ̣ɫ뽣ܽ俪Щɫ뽣֮ռֱӱ˺ѿ
ֻһ˲ʱǲĿռѷ졣
ܿ죬лָ
ʱħħѾһǧ⡣ħ˿Լ֣ϣһĿԿͷĽۣۣɫʱ̧ͷԶҶдһ˿أԲԶħĿ¶׹⣬˶ɡ
еսͣսȴڼ
Ԫ˵ļԭڽڰ˵ƳǴ𽥰ƣҪǣͻȻõԮ֮ԭѾƳȼϣ
һ̣ǰδеƴ
û
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ҶħҶҶȻġ֮ԳΪҶûҶҲ˳ߵġ棬ɲ̫Ҳ֮ǰΪʲô˻ʱʹٽһԭ
Ҷһħ֮һ˿ء
ǿ
ȵĽ黹ǿ࣡
Ҫ֪ղʩչĿնνȻԷȴӲֻһСˡǵĽ飬Ӳһնνʱնһ۰ǰħȴֻһСˣ
ҶջĿ⣬Ȼת˵ŮǵĵŮû˵ʱֵȻݣʱɫ԰ף쳣Եƣʱζɹġ
ǿУ˱Щˣˡ
ζֻг˲֪жࡣ
ҶŵŮʱŮҲڿҶ𵱳ҶʱҶһЩΨһҶĿ⣬統ǰ㣬š
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Ҷû̫ãһ֣ЦЦǰ㱣ңڣܹһˡǵŮǲ֪˶ٴˡرǴΣһΣǾǵŮһûκ·ˡ
ΪˣһֱŮ˱˵ڣܹһΣҶ˵ٻЩԺеġ
ŮҶϢȻ֪϶ġûǿ϶ˡ
ҶЦЦȻڿɲ̸˵ʱ򡣡˵ţתԶħһһˣѡ˭
ѡŮ
Ҷ˵ͷҲĿħϣħʵһǺģħǶˡ㾹Ȼܹһݣ
ħ˫΢Уħǲڣ
ô㲻֪Ҷ㵵
ħüͷʵҲҶ˵ħʱ˳֣ɱľ߾ǿߣҶ˵Χ£߾ǿ߼ֱӱɱ߾ǿߣЩǿߣҲǱɱģ
Ҫ֪ҶԪˣɾͿ߾ǿ߰
ˣħǸûüϢħЩˣʵ̫ͣҲûʸħԻˣǾ֪ͨħҲ֪ͨˡ
УħһӣһŴʱȻڿбѿһϢûκλӦ
ħ˫΢Уܿ죬˫ۻһֱӶǰգħ½̽ȥ
ҶûֹħΪѾһѪ⳯·ЩħĴ˹ȥ
Щ֮кһɿֲɱʱϯֱסħˣɱ£ԼǿߣֱӱɱʴȻɱ¾ܣڳм˾ɱ
Щǿɱʴ£ܵ˼Ӱ죬ܵӰ죬ʵҲǴۿۡ
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ҶҪɱķʱʵħͻȻ˫ۣ˿̣УһɹɿµϢڱӿϢֱ֮ӽռѿޱȡ
ȻѾ֪ħ½״
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ħĿҶϣϣǷһҶȻħˣãܺáģҲɱģһۿийϵ˲ǰийϵģһŹ
£ֳǰ͵һ̽һֻɫֱӶգȻ·Ҷץ˹ȥ
ԶŮü΢Ҫ֣ʱҶȴֱӻһѪ⳯ħȥ
ŮһҶȻһֳֹ껯һ׹ֻ⳯ħǳ˹ȥ
ʣҶħֻײһʱ
䣡
ʶʱһľײĿռһ˲ȫȻҶħȴǲδֱ֣ͣǱĿռѷ֮ս
䣡
ʣһ
ҶħΧĿռ䲻ϱȻֲ޸ǣÿθһ޸ֱٴα
˵̫ǿˣ
·Ϊ֮ǰҶɱİ·ľƿʼһ浹Ϊħ򼸺ųɵ˶ҶɱʴˣʱЩǼ˾ɱԼ˶ɱˣħߴ󲿷˶Ѿʼɱ
Щ߾ǿȻûбɱʴǣҲܵҶɱӰ죬ˣǲʵۿۡ
£ħȻвߡ
ʤģǿҶǵս
ҶŮսʤħħǣħЩߵԼȫⶼûʲô塣
֮Ҳˣ
죡
ʱͻȻһըţҶֱӱǧ֮⡣
ħҶҶһһӶʹ֮Уһǰܾеʹ࣬ҡ
ƨ̫࣡
ԶҶֱӴħĻȻҽ͵һգ˻һ⳯ħȥ


1397 һ֣ս
Ҷٶȼ죬գۼħͷţüĽӡӡһ̣Ľ˲䱶
ʱҶ͵ذνһն
նν
ӳ˰벽Ԫɱնν
䣡
һ˲ΧĿռΪܲסֱӺȻ
ڽһ̣ħͫȻһҶ⽣ǿޱȣּӳ⾳رɱ⣬ǰ벽Ԫɱ⣬Сġڣ벽Ԫɱ⣬Ľ⣡
ħ˿Ĵ⣬˫һȻ͵سǰһġ
䣡
һ޴ֱӳǰţ͵رһ貵ĺڹ⣬ڹ˲ͺҶǵ֮ϡ
䣡
ڹһӴյĿռ˲ѣռһѵģǺڹ޴򣬶ҶǵȴûѣֻǰһЩٶȲֱӳħ˹ȥ
䣡
ٴһţħֱӱǧ֮⡣
Ҷʤ׷ʱһֻɫֱӴǰĿռ˳Ȼѹ
Ҷ˫΢У΢ڵĽ죬Ȼס콣͵ذνһն
һѪɫ˲ֻײһ
䣡
һѪɫֻͬʱʧ˿С
Ҷû׷óɾʯ¡ʱѾ׷ԷĻᣬ׷û̫壬Ȼָһô
ڲͬʱҶɨһ۳СʱԪ˵ĴȫѹסħЩǿߡֻħе鷳ǣסߣҲױδǧ
ң˶ԿħǻЩģȻҪԭΪ֮ǰħ˵ԵʣħǵǿҲӹɵġ
ڵŮŮǱߵûʲô⣬ŮԿһֻħǻǿԵģҪսʤҲǺѶȡ
ħǣǿǳǿ˵ֻҪǼһĻħ¶ԶԿ
Ҷջ˼̧ͷԶħ·սΣħ˵ħ֮ս
ʤʤܣͰܣ
Զħ˿Լ˫֣ʱ˫ֻʣһˡˣղǵǿ壬رء
ħ̧ͷҶ˿̣˶Ҷӡ֮ǰȻЩҶʵǶҶû̫ϡΪҶһߣ߾ǿߡһ߾ǿߣҪȥһλ
֮ǰòҪڣҪˡ
䣬һ˽ˣԾǵʵʣǰҶˡ
Ҷħ˶û˵
Уһۣһ̣ͬʱʧԭء
䣡
˸ʧʱǴһţҶǧ֮⣬ħȴֻǳ˲ɵľͣǣǰȴһ쳣۵Ľ˿̣˿˿Ѫ
ԶҶͷ˿ԼǰǰһӡӡǺɫģУɢصݲƤһᣬҶǰƤǱɫһԼٶȳɢȥ
ʱħǷһĨҶħƣ֮߾ǿҲɡΪһƽ޹һǿЦģһĻǣһۿ׵ǰܾĥҡ
ħ˵⣬ͻȻȻֹΪҶǰۿɼٶڻָţܿ죬Ϣʱ䣬ҶǰѾ׻ָ֮ǰǵӡѾʧӰ١
ôܣħ֮ɫ
ҶħνǸʲô֮Ҳ̫һɡ
ʵʱҶЩ£Ǹ֮ǳֲղԼŵΪǹ̫ŨˣҲ̫ˡǰЩܹȵġãʹ˵ĿֲҲס޸
Ӧ˵Ŀǣ
ʵкڣǰа壬ʲôʲô˵ûã
ԶħҶΣȻãһСˡѹܹľﵽֵزҽҪ;ж󣡡
£һ˿УȻ˫һУɲǼ䣬һɿֲϢͬˮһ㱩ӿţħֳǰƽܿ죬֮ϳһɫУһɹɿֲѹӿ
һ˲ħɽһĨȻһ͵س·Ҷһġ
ħƣ
ħһɫӡֶЩӡһһʳ·Ҷȥ
ӡ֮ռ䲢δְֲ
߾ǿ߳УǿԼʩչ֮УЩӡ˿̣Щӡֱκηġ㽫ռŪ߽ռ۵ûãΪǳУҲѿռ䣡
ҶҪЩӡֻһ취Ǿƣ
Ϊ߾ǿߣûħֳеΨһܹľƣҲԼͻУ
ûѡֻնν
Ҷ΢һ쳹ʣţҶҽ͵һգ˻һ⳯ЩӡȥǰǵӡǰʱҶһĨȻŽνһն
ˣ
쳹ֱӹѿ
䣡
ҶĽһ̣ǰӡֱӺȻѣţӡҲѡ
ʣ಻ĺ
ܿ죬һҶ׹£ԶŮһĻͫ΢Ҫ֣ʱҶȴڿͣȻһ
䣡
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˲ϢҶħͣҲûڳ֡
ħ֮ûг֣ΪսԵʣʱ·սħΪΪ֮ǰҶɱӰ죬ʱħѾ˽߳ɣʣµҲڷɱ֮С
ֻħ뼸߾ǿǣƣħѾȫûˡ
ħ˫ۻ֪ȥҪΪ˾ˡ
Ĭһ˲ħ̧ͷգħǰܣ֮ǰŵǵЩ棬Ѿõģȫ³ԣҪϷ𣿡
£˲ϢʵĿռͻȻ
ţ֮߳С
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1398 ԣ
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ֺ߳󣬲ûг֡
У˶ͣŮصҶԡ
ڤãƳ򣬻򣬲򡣡
ҶԣŮ߸ȫǶҲǰħЩ
ҶɨһˣȻô֣
Ů棬֮ǰ֣ħڲ֣ħ̸棬Ϸǵ档
ҶЦһҲ˵óɾʯ£Ȼס˵Ů֣ŮתͷҶΪҶҪռˣ˵ʱһɾҶִϣ˳ֽڣȻɢ֫ٺԼٶ޸֮ǰܵˣ
Ů֮һ˿𾪣Ϊ޸ٶʵʵ̫ˣ
ʲôŮʡ
ҶЦԺ㣬ڣȰ˵Ϣã֮Բ֣ȻΪ˻ָˣʱ򣬿ѵõĻᡣ
ħ֪Ҷ޸Ļǿ϶ֵģϧǣǲ֪
ڻָͬʱҶɨһ۳Уʱߵ߾ǿλŮĸĸڼԪˣλ֮ǰսٻ߾ǿߣѾɢħߣԭħֻħ⣬߾ǿߣ֮ǰһ߾ǿ䣬ˣڼħֻħǣ߾ǿаλ
ʵħߵ߾ǿռƣǣǵ߾µȴǴڴơ
ȻΪҶԵʣ߾ǿµЩ˶ҶɱӰ죬ˣЩ֮У󲿷ֵ˸ûȥԿ򣬶Ƕɱ
ҲħΪʲôڴȥҪԭڴȥħ߾ǿ⣬¶ҪĸɸɾˡʱʤҲǲʤֽҪġˣֻЩˡ
ҪһĴۣ
ԶħɨһߣȻλ֮ǰİ綼ѾǵУλ϶ڹóģ԰ɣ
ʱΪ׵ЦЦħȻó֮ǰǱҪħ򹥴򣬿ϧȴܾڣǺǣҪǳ֣
ħߣȴҲ壬ħӡ֮ǰȻǲҵħģҪ֪ħʵԶǵġڣħеĲУʵѾǰȻη壡
Ƭ̣ħħ֮ǰõڷֳһλλӦ˰ɣ
ǵеֱ࣡ħ
ħ˫΢УãɣҵļޡУˣ̫̰أ
߿ħһᣬȻЦȻ
˵꣬תͷҶŮĿҶͣһ£ȻŮŮѾǳˡսȥֻʯ١Щأ²ϲֻҪӦǿԳһ·
Ů˵Ҷȴǽ˽֣ŮһҶҶ΢΢һЦȻߵ˵
߿һҶȻҶǰҶܹħľŰ
΢΢Ȼܼ򵥣һԺƴ½磬κ˲ó򣬵Ȼãһ꣬һڣƴ½ˣŮ뿪ƴ½ڶƴ½ÿǽʮɾʯ
ߵĻ·Ƴױδɫʱѿ
ѹե
߲Ǹ·Ҫгʱѹեͺñס
ȻܹȡݵĺƽǣƽģģңһЩ˿϶һ
˵ŮױδȻ˶Ӧ
ʵֻҪһ΢еѪԵ˶Ӧ
ħһߣûгֹ
ΪӦǲӦ˵ûлӦȻãףӦҲûϵΪ򲻴ӦǾֻһǾǿս
ʱߵʵѾžԵƣ
У˵Ŀ˵ŮϣܹģǵŮħһҲµŮӦӦãǾսžԵʵϣŮӦΪһǾͿԱѪС
ϾʱŮ߻Щʵģƴ֮£߿϶ʧǿߵġ
ŮûлߣǿҶأ
ҶЦЦȻŵŮƳǵϿաŮƳǣʱƳǱ鲼ʬ壬״Ҳֻ֮ǰħǺһЩʵǺú֮ܶ࣬ǰħǣѾòݡ
ߵûг֣Ҷ֪ҶҪʲô
ҶĿ˳ЩŵϣʱЩҲڿЩ˵УҶһֶ
ȷʵʱƴ½ûϣٴҿϣ
ȻҶչֳʵǿܲܶԿ߾ǿ߰ɣ
Ҷɨһۣ֮ǰĻҲˡǣԸһûϵĻ𣿡
ûлشʵ˵ֻҪܻţ˵ʲôԣ
˶η壬Ҳû
ûӦҶӣЩΣˣⲻĩճǣЩҲǽˡĩճǣڽˣ˵սȫǻһս
ϧƳǣûʶ
ҶƤҲЩҲ⣬ֵʮɾʯ֪ζʲôζԺǶūΪЩ׬ɾʯū׬ɾʯǣԸ𣿡
ȻԸ⣡
ʱ·ͻȻŭ
Ը⣡
Ը⣡

ܿ죬˸ź
ɾʯǵԴҪҪǵݣôԸ⣿
һĻԶħɫ
ʱҶȻԸ⣬Ǿ͸һǣ
ɣ
ɱ
Уŭֱ񷣡
սҶתͷŮЦǲӦһºòã
ŮҶãȻãҶҪʲôǣЩѾҪˡ
ʱЩʵȷʵҪˡ
ΪѾս׼
ǽһ
ʱԶħͻȻҶû˻ǣҲû˸ǡ
£ħҲڷϻһӣԶֻħǶʱĹ⳯ҶŮ˹ȥ
ֻħǳҶһĨȻ͵˺Լǰŭ𣬡棬Էˣ


1399 棿ħǣ
֮򶨣ȻΪԼеƣȻ档
ܶ˶ʵĺܿ죬һǧǣʵ棬ʵٶȲĿֲ˵Ӧ˵ǻָ
۷ڵжǿ
Ҷ֪֪ǿھǵŮ¶ѾƲסҲֻäŮּǿ߻ܹѹһʵʲô̶ȣⲻҪгͶˡ㲻ɱȫһҲǺõġ
ҶĻħüͷҶа֣Ҵ⣬ħ˽䱸ͬʱʶɨУԷ˸ͻϮ
Ȼ˲Ϣһ㶯ûС
ԶҶɺ̫˰
Ц
ʱħǷһĨȻһӣԭֻͣħǶʱĹ⳯Ҷ˹ȥ
𣡡
ʱҶǰͻȻһŭţһڹҶǰ˳ĹԼٶֱײֻħϡ
䣡
𾪵Ŀ֮Уֻħֱӱطɳǧɡ
˴󾪣׷׿ҶǰԶźڹ⣬ܿ죬ڹɢȥ˵Ŀ֮Сֻħһȫͬɢһ׺ݵϢ׺ݲҪֻħǿӴ⡣
ޣ
ڳеģһ̣Ȼ֪澿ʲôޣϾ״ʵЩ죬֪϶һֻޣһһֻޡܹһֻħǣⲻǳʲô
ħɫû뵽ҶϾȻһֻޣһһޡ
Զֻħ¶˼ɵ֮ɫ
Σգ
ǵĸоܿ죬ֻħеļɵ׹⣬ֻħһŭȻֱӻĹ⳯Զ˹ȥ
ֻħǱϾǿ߾۷ޣȻᱻŵ
ҶǰһĨ˫ͻȻչ˿ţֱʧԭأٴγʱѾֻħǵǰûʲôڵĶֱӳһֻħײ˹ȥ
ֻħҲ֣ûжӿٶȳײ˹ȥ
죡
˵Ŀ֮Уֻײħֱӱײ˳ȥһײֻħǺ͵һתȻһצѾһֻħ˹ȥ
䣡
һըֻħֱӱسˣĶͷϣһｫɵѪۣ
˵ֻħ֣Ҳױ͵رһĹ⣬Ĺֺȫëȫһɫ룬һֻ̣ħǿ׺ݣˡ
ͬʱһֻħҲȫëˣֻħҲ֮ǰ˽ֹ

û˿ϻֻħ뷢һŭȻĹ⳯汩ȥ
棬㣡
ʱԶҶͻȻ˹ȥ
֣նνٴδﵽһµĸ߶ȣҪֻħǣҲ顣
ȻȴǶҶ˻צԼ
£彥ʼԽԽ󣬺ܿ죬ԭ屶ֹ֮͵һɿȻֱӻһڹֻ⳯ħǺݺݵײ˹ȥ
֣
ʱһԵħͻȻ
£һҶλñȥһԵߵҲûţ׷׳ųеҶŮ˹ȥ
˳ҶԣŮתͷҶˡ
ԣҶתͷŮסŮ֣΢΢һЦ֮䣬α˵Щ
ҲǣŮ˵ͷ
ħѾԽԽ˹ǿϢҶŮѹ˿̣ʹ벽ԪⶼѾֵס˹ǿϢ
Ҷ񽥽ܿ죬Ǻӽͼϡ
ҶҪ߶Ǻӽͼʱ

ԶͻȻŭ֮У쳣ԵʹࡣħһΪŭħǵġ
ħͣȻתͷȥԶֻħǴʱ񹥻ţצ̫ħҪ̫̫࣬ÿһλצֻħϴһƬѪ
ֻħǵʵʵȵ½ħҪǿһߣڷ棬ֻħǵֲֻħģʹֻħҲסצӰ
棬ٶȿ죬ҲǿצӸǷޱȣȻرǿٶڣһ˸˵
ֻħǾȻ·磬ħд󾪣һۣܿ죬ħһ˹ȥʣµ߾ǿҶλΧɱȥ
ʱԶͻȻ˫צץסһֻħǵβͣȻ˵Ŀ֮УֻħǻһĹ⳯Ҷ
ס
ҶҲסһҪʲô
Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮УֱֻħǻһĹûҶǰ
ҶֱӽӲʱȴǴǰ˳ȻԶֻɻħǳ˹ȥ
ֻħǶʱ׹¶Ȼ˹ȥȴûӲӲֱƵħǵȻ˫צץסֻħǵβͣţ֮ͬǰһ㣬ֻħǵβͻһڹûҶǰ
У˶һĻŪʯ
ֻħȥˣ
Ǵʱ˵뷨
˲֪ħȥˣҶȻֻ֪ħֱӱ͵˺ڵĵһ
ڽڶֻħһ̧ͷһʣǼɵʲôֱͣӻһʧ˳СֻħһҲһ뿪ʱһɿֲѹԴӺδѹƾճ֣Ȼֱѹֻħϡ
죡
ѹѹ£ֻħֱӱ˵ϡ
ֻħǴ󺧣̧ͷܣѰʲôʲôҲûУֻħһۣȻҪʱǹѹٴƾճѹǵϡ
죡
ֻħٴαѹȥһΣǹѹȴûʧǾôһֱѹֻħǣܿ죬ֻħѹѹ¿ʼɪɪһ֮Уʹ࣬һ˿󣬻һ˿

ʵУҶǽ
棬޵ģǣ棬˵ֻħǣ涼¡
Ҫ֪һֱҽڣһķʽҶǰڡΪʲô㣬Ҫǽȥ棬ô϶кܶġûнΪҲº
棬û취ģû취ȥҪĻ³ͻֻħһ
ھǣҵĵ
㽫Ūȥˣ
УħҶûħǩԼҲûʸֻħǳֻǺϵˣʱħǻ֪
ҶûħϻԵ棬豳һã
˵꣬Ʋ䣬ȻһıϣץסһǣֽĽɨһ۳ħˣɱǣһ


1400 ħ壡
ǲǣ
Ҷ£Щˬ
ΪޣһϹޣôԸñ˵ʵһ衣ûҶѾҶһΣһҲûʲô˵ģңҶҲû˿˼
ȻˣǼҶôЩˬ
ҶҡҡĽǣôСһˣǱϻˡȰǽ˵
˵꣬תͬʱеĽ滻졣
ͨնνʵѾնνˣҪڶնνеɱţ
Ҷûжħ֣ǿԶߵˡ
ӵȻҪ
û˿ϻҶ˫棬⣬³͵һɿȻҶֱʧԭأ
Сģ
Զħ󾪣æѣֹǣٶʵ̫ˡңҪʱŮѾǰ
ֻҪ֣Ů϶ϳ֣
ԶҶ˲һ߾ǿߵǰ汳ϣҶû˿ϻν͵ؾһն
߾ǿ߻δعֱӱҶһʬ
һɱ߾ǿߺҶֳü䣬һֱ̣ӻһʧԭء

Ҷʧһ̣жȻһҽȥֻԶһ忪ʼת˲ֱӻޡ
˲ɱߣ
˶ǰһĻסˣ
ȻҶδ֣ͣɱ˵ڶ߾ǿߺһһٴʧԭأһΣЩ߾ǿѾعˣҶʧһ̣ߵ˷׷ױˣȻҶλơ
ʩչҪʱģʱǸûʱʩչˣֻʩչͨ
ӡǻҶ˹ȥȻЩӡҶʱ˲ɢţһһüһһ˲ֱȻޣ
ɱһߣ
һ̣г˾֮ɫ߾ǿߣ߰ȻҶǰȴͬвһС
ӣУߵ߾ǿ߾ʧһ롣ʱ߻ԵЩˣѾû˿ս⣬ҲսڵǣҶǰһƶûУ
£򲻲ˣ
Уһ˵꣬Ҳħߣһֱʧ˳С
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ܿ죬תȥУֻʣħԼħߵǿߡ
ߣҶɫЩԣȻ뽫ģǣϼһǷֿӵģңӵٶȷǳĿ죬ֱӴռ䡣Ҫȥ׷Ļ϶Ҳܹ׷ϣȴս뿪ĻΪ
ҲûϵԺˣ

ߣħ̲סŭһʱѾһ壬ħȫûǲΧպ϶ᱻ򱨸ˣõѡǴĺɱ򣬶ӣ
ɫҲЩѿҲû뵽ʣµ˾ȻֱӾӡѾˣǷǳ޴ġ
ȻʧߣеƵģΪħߵ߾ǿ߻ڣֻҪ֪ͨԼԵɳǿ߸Ҫ⻹ǲġڡ
ɱɱ
ʱͻȻħħ֮£û취ˣħˣ´ΪȥǾԽ
ħħЩǿûԥ׷׳Щ˳˹ȥ
ħ֮˫͵سǰһ̽ţɫ˫֮ϣ֮Уʱ˿˿
һĻŮ˫΢У֮ɫΪߣⶫСմһ㣬ֱõ䣬Ҷһܶû취ָ
ԶҶһĻ˵ŮǰȻȥԸͷ
ŮһҶСģ˵꣬һԶ߱ȥ
ŮϮһĨҲϻһŵŮ˹ȥ
һԣħ˫ֳɫ徹ȻҲһɫһڶһ㣬вɢɫĹâ֮⣬ȫ£ʱ˿˿
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ҶЩ߲İΪǰھںָ߾ʧˡҲûעôʧģ϶ǺɵģҲֻкֲܹĶʧ
СЩ
Ҷ£ͻȻڡ
Ҷ˵ͷߵĿֲ̹ģȻҴ⡣΢е˽顣һ̣˫͵һգҶһ⳯ħȥȻҲûٶȿ쵽һݵĵز
˵ܹҶٶȵģ¾ֻħˡ
Զħ˫ۻϣҶǰвһʱ͵˫ۣ˿̣ۿѾɫ۵һɲһɿֲĺɫ͵ħڱӿ
˿̣ҶҲ͵ذνһն
䣡
һըڳʿռ͵رת˲ʵĿռͻָʱҶǧ֮⣬ħȴԭ˿ɢһ˿˿ɫЩ֮Уʱ˿˿
ԶҶ棬ɫޱ
һΣ
նνȻħӲסˣ
Сģħ壬ԶʱһλԶħĳɣ׻壬֣
ʱŮҶ𣺡ʱ޵еģУϣϵʧʮֻʩչһΣΪÿʩչһΣͱȥħףħܹٴʩչУСߣɱУ
ħ壡
Ҷ˫΢УĿħЩϣȻϸ֮¾ͻ֣ᷢЩʵף
֣
Ҷֻڣӿ
ԶħһҶֻ˱Ƶʩչħ壬Ц˶һò˵Ƕšϧڣһжˡ
£ħ˫һУɲǼ䣬ʶʱɫ׵ƾճʣ׵˸֯ޱȡ
ʱħֻƣȻԶҶ͵ؾһ
䣡
һֱ˺ʿռ䣬ȻԶҶ˹ȥٶȼ죬գۼҶͷϿա
ǵҶһĨħ壿Ҳа壡
¡
䣡
һɫͻȻǿ׹£ɫֱӶռ˲ҶͷȻûҶڡ
䣡
һɿֲǳ֮ҶڱӿţҶȫ׾


1401 ɱŮ
ǳ
ԭҶΪȫԲʩչǳڿǵ͹ħʵԷʵĻҪĺܶࡣҲҶеƣ˼ҿ϶Ҳеơ
ڣ˫Լ˳Ϳ˭ʤһˡ
ǳס֮Ҷ޼ɵˡ֮ǰŻɱ˼ߣʵÿɱһ߾ǿߣͻᱻ˺һΡҪ֪ٶǳģٶȣ岢ȫܵס
ڣǳ壬ٶȾڿһҲ壡
ңǳ֮ʩչҲԲ֮ǰǰ˼ɡ
Ҷ峹׾ħ˫΢УûзϻһҶȥ;֮ħռ𵴣ޱȡ
ҶҲûзϻ˫棬͵ػһĹ⳯ħȥ
ڿҪӽħʱҶֽսȻ͵ذνһն¡
ħҲǱӿһۺɫ
䣡
һҶħԳ˿ħ˰ɺͣҶͬҲڰɵλͣ
ʼħǧɣΪ⣬û뵽ħǸʲôħ壬⧲£ħһֲڣ׼ȻڳֿնνûܹħʲôʵԵ˺
ȻħҲûиʲô˺
Ҷ俴һħȻµ棬ܲķ
Ĭһ˲ҡҡͷħԼͿԽǣЩֻղһ룬ʵָĲϲµġУڵҶħҲ޿κΡ
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ϻ
ûǿһħ˲֪꣬ô׾ܹҪǿҪˣĲ˷ʱ䡣
Ҷ
ʱֵСӣҪСϵЩߣߣ֮УڷǳΣյĴڡҲ֪ôߵģǣˡ
˵⣬ͻȻͣһ£ȻֵҲ̫⡭
ΪʲôҶæʡ
Ƕκζڣߡ
ңκζڣ㻹ҪСģΪ壬ֱӴݻĻ㻹ǻߣ䣬ȫֱӾʹ⽫ġ
Ҷ˵ͷûˡΪԶħûиĵʱ䣬ԷѾһ׹⳯
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Ҷҽһţ˻һ⳯ħȥҲֱһԾħ˹ȥ
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ʵҶʵħܶģû취а벽ԪɱԼǳû취ħԿرǴʱʩչħħ
ڵħʮҲκβ
˵ڵħֳʵȵäŮҪǿ࣬ȻäŮڶԿħ뽣ʱҲûչʵäŮչֳʵȵĻʱħǳäŮġ
äŮչֳʵĻ϶ܹɱħġ
ϾäŮֻתäŮԴ磬ʱäŮʵ϶λܹġ
ȻԶһǣҶ滹ûռϷ硣Ҳû·磬ΪħʱҲƵǵķ
ԼķѾǿٶȼ죬ˣħȻδϣǲûиʲôʵԵ˺ҶҶǼԪ۷壬ǳǷǱ̬ĲС
ħħ͸ֲˡ
ʹնν޷ƵǺĿֲ
Уڵ˭Ҳκβ˭
·սȴѾȫѹסħΧ£ħһ߾ǿѾ䡣
Ůֵ߾ǿҲѾŮѹƣߣħˣܣֻʱ⡣
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Ҷħǵİ嶼ʱģ˭İʧ˭군
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ҶǺӽͼƣǣƣ򲻵ѵʱҲãΪһŪãҲûɱԼȹˡǲһİһһԵ꣬ǺȲ
Ȼ죬ǻûܹתĵزܹ˱ɻ˵飬Ӧûܹ
ܹģ
ˣʹǺӽͼҲʹá
ҶϵģΪŮѾռϷ磬ȥħ˶ˣʱͲǶһȺŹˡϲħȻҲ֪һ㣬ˣսһᣬħȫϢԽԽǿȻǲڼȥˡ
СӣСĵ㣡
ʱҶ
Ҷ˵ͷ˻ǽˣοأڣǳ֮ӿйڵĽҲ˽棬Ҳû죬ϰ벽Ԫɱ⣬ĽҲ˲֪ٱ
ϧɱ벽Ԫɱ⣬ɱҪʴ񣬶⣬ǽĻпƵԷġɱȻܹޣͲͬˡױȵġϾǽޣһʵǽ⣡
𣡡
ʱͻȻħŭţһâ͵ħڱӿҶֱӱâɡħûͣ£Ҷ˫ֳǰһ̽Ȼ΢΢һɲǼ䣬Щ߶ʱܿ죬Щȫ۵˫֮ϡ
Щ߻۵ħ֮ħʱŤʹԵʡ
һĻҶɫֱǣЩܹвģرҶӴߵģǣʱħϵЩ̫̫߱ˡ
ħĿҶϣû˿ϻʱϻҲûκ塣£ҽ͵һգȻ˳Ҷλñȥ
ԶҶ˫΢Уǳ֮תħҶǰʮɵľʱԭҪҶֵħͻȻأȻԼٶȳԶĵŮȥ
ɱŮ
ħĿģ


1402 ʲô
ħ֮ͻȻ͵ϮŮΪĿǰħ򴦾ԵʣʱħѾȫѹƣʱħ߾ͻܣǸʱɱҶҲûκˡ
һ򣬲ֻһ߾ǿߵġ
ˣ͵ϮŮֻҪܹɱŮ߾ͿȥħߵĴ
ʱоƽŤת
֮ԲɱҶΪûаһɱҶ
Ҷ̫أ϶ʲôƣˣΪ˱ѡȻɱŮңʱŮߴս϶޷˼ߣ֣кܴɱŮ
ԶħͻȻ͵ϮŮҶɫ˲ȴԵЩƽûԥһħ˹ȥ
ħٶȼ죬գۼ˵ŮԶҪʱǵŮȴͻȻǰߣȻֹת͵ؾͶҪֵħһ̡
䣡
һɰâԵŮֹкɲǼħǰ⧲֮£δֵħֱӱɰâС
죡
һըħֱӱ֮⣬ħûͣ£ǸϵҶħһħˡ
ԶڵŮħʱԶȻŹᣬ¾Ҫ֣ʱȴͻȻǰ棬ߴ󾪣Ŀֲ֮ǰǼģ¾ҪݱܷâȴûиᣬֱӻһĹײߵϡ
䣡
ֱӱײǧ֮⣬浱ȻʹˮĻᣬһԾٴγײ˹ȥ
죡
ٴαײɣУھѪٴγײʱû˿ԥת˫һ˺ǰĿռֱӱ˺ѿţһԾֱûǿռѷ֮Уת˲Ϣʧ˳С
ˣ
ʵ֮ǰˡһʼӣΪ֪ħеûħ˵ƣڼİɱҶ֮϶þ޴棬ˣ֮ǰЩߵ˵涼ġ
ǣսһᣬ֣ħ֮󣬶κβҶˡ
һ̣ѾˡЩģֱ֮ǰħ͵ϮŮʧܣһ̣Ѿκϣˡˣʱսѡתӡ
沢ûȥ׷תԶħ˹ȥ
죡
ʱһȦâͻȻħڱӿҶŮԼոϵֱӱسˡ
֪Ҫ͵Ϯ㣡ħŵŮŮ֮ǰͻȻ֣ԾѾ֪Ҫ͵ϮôҲ벻ףΪŮ֪Ҫ͵Ϯ
ҶǷһĨЦȻ֪
ʵ֮ǰڶսħʱѾԤħҪ͵ϮŮˡΪʲôΪķħκβǣŮȴûķˣħпܻõŮ
飬ûٸɹ
ΪԷһ֮ǰ˵ŮŮȻ߽֣עȴһֱħϣˣ֮ǰħͻȻ͵ϮʱûԵûңһܹתħһֲ
ŮûлشħһҶСģ
˵꣬תһ˸ħǱߵǿ߳˹ȥʱħѾ죬κβħˣܻҶΪûҶħ϶ץ
ˣѡȥ
˵Ůļ󣬱ʹƵħĿνѩϼ˪ս˲һᣬٴʧһ߾ǿߡ
УħҶ˫֮ϣԭʧЩ˿˿ٴθ˳Щ߸ֳħٶʱŤһ̣ͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰȻ͵ضҶһ£
䣡
һ˿˿ߵħֶٶȼ죬գۼѾҶϿգҶ涼˽ȥ
ҶҴ⣬һıϣͬʱеҲ˽档
Ҷ£һԾǵӡײ˹ȥǵɫӡǰʱҶ͵ذνһն
䣡
ǵӡϣֻƾһ˲ѺۣȻֻƲδѣ෴Ҷȴֱӱǧ֮⣬ֻȴٶȲҶ˹ȥ
ԶҶ˫΢УһĨɫһ̣ٴʧԭء
䣡
ٴһţֻƺȻѣҶٴα˳ȥǱȥһ̣Ҷ棬ɫǾ䣬ΪֻѺЩ˿˿߾ȻûʧȻֱӳǼȥ
ߣ
Ҷ֮ɫû뵽Լټնνûܹն
ߵĿֲе㳬Ԥϣ
Ҵ⣬Ҳб
Ҷü䣬ӡȻѩܿ죬Ľǡ
䣡
һɽƾճҶܣƳֺ󣬳пռʱ
벽Ԫ⣡
ʱЩѾҶǰ
ʣҶս͵ذνһս£
ڼӳ˰벽Ԫɱ벽Ԫ֮ҶնνĿֲ
䣡
ҶǰЩֱӱҶһն飬Щ߱նҶû֣ͣʣȻ£͵һԾħȥ
ԶħԼ߱նϣһĨţû뵽ҶȻҲһ̴ﵽ˰벽Ԫ
ְ벽Ԫ⾳
ҶҪ
ѾûʱȥˣΪҶѾǰħһĨͻȻʼҲţ͵رɫЩͬһڱӿֻһ˲ȫЩǣҶҲûУ
ն
ʱƬ֮УͻȻҶŭţһ̶ͻȻ½쳹
ƬһţһѩƬ֮һ
նν
Ҷû˿Լʣǳ֮ʩչնν
䣡
֮ңֱӱи
䣡
˵Ŀ֮Уħֱӵ˳ȥһɣɳ˽ɡ
һĻħɫ˲ҰΪǲħ˳ȥħϵħѾʧˡ
ˣ
ħˣ
ʱƬ֮УҶ˳Ϊʲô˵أΪʱҶ汳ϵġ
ղһնļˣ
ãǳţڻԲзϡ
Ҷ̧ͷԶħû˿ԥ棬⣬Ȼħ˹ȥ
ղħһʵҲһͷԼкħףˣİŻʧȻǿһҶһײˡˣʧˣˡ
ҶȻŹᡣ
Ҷħǰɾʱ

ʱħͻȻ̧ͷҶ棬ʱɫѾЩţһõӰħͷ
Ӱȫڣãü䣬һС֣ħ
õӰֺ󣬳ͻȻһɿֲϢ֮ǰħϢҪǿࡣ
ʲô
Ҷ£ʡ
ʲôɱ˵Ҷ


1403 Զħ
Ҳǣ
˵ͷҪȥʱŮȴͻȻǵǰ
ŮҡҡͷȻԶħ
ԶħҶüʲô
Ůû֪ǵֻ֪ǶͷСħ֡õģҲʵģþֶԼ귽ʽйóþ빥ߵľʹʧңɥʧԣȻռ塣屻ռ֮ǿƾԼĸǿ󡣡
˵⣬Ů˶٣ȻǵħȻҲ츳׿ȴرڣǲ֪ʲôԭʵǣΪͻͽ̶ʱʹ硣ǲ²ùʲôУûõħУңھһͷħ
СŮ޶ǻ˽ģ
ʱԶúӰͻȻˡ
ŮתӰ£ΪУ¿ȥǣħ¡
汳ϣҶóһЩɾʯ£ȻԶħ֪Ů涯ֿ϶⣬ˣûмŶ֣ħʱѾˣȻҲûʲôսǣ߻棬еŮ
·ս·ս͸õˡΪʱħߵѾ߰˰ˣʣһЩˣҲڹӲд
ΪУ
ħЦһƾǣ
Ů˵ʲôҶȴֹȻı
ȻҲˬħֱһԾħħȥ

Ҷ澹Ȼ֣ħɫ˲ֳǰһ̽ȻնҶһץ
䣡
ԶһɿֲʱϣȻǿǣҶ˵̫ЩˣҶֱ룬ֱײħħϡ

һҽУħֱӺȻѣһѪѿ
ôˣ
ҶסνħôҶתͷŮŮü΢ͬһ˿ɻ
Сӣе㲻ԾҶ£
Ҷɨһ۳Уû˵
һᣬŮҶԣȻ˾ˡȥħЩ˰ɣ
˵ţŮҪȥҶ֡
ʱͻ
ֻҶͻȻ͵ضŵŮһ£
Ůֱӱһնޡ
·˶סرû뵽ҶȻͻȻԵŮ֡ʱжǴʺţ
УҶɨһ۳Уò˵þȷʵܲ٣棬ʹң㱻ɱΣϧǣҿɲǽͨ
£ϢгͻȻһãţ֮ǰǱҶնɱġŮ³˲ԶԭնɱħħҲԭλã
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ղŵһжǻþ
ʵҶһʼҲ㱻þƭΪͨûпʲôѺΪԷһʩչԼĽԼڣ˲ͷǻþ
ԭƬռ䲢ˣ޷ܵƬռ䣬ǣʩչ֮ƬռȫΪһ壬ֻҪ˿ܹܵ
˵ͨϽκλþûáҲиĻþƭǣħĻþûˡ
ҶһԵĵŮʱһ֮ǰҲһþ֮УãʵԱͼǿãһȻûǻþҲоԾˣʱ̽䱸ţûħпɳ֮
ǵ͹ˣ
ʱԶħͻȻû뵽׵ľʶҵĻþ⣡
Ҷ̧ͷħħʱħͣû֮ǰƣһܡħ϶˶٣ҶħˣϲϻħҪ뿪ʱ뿪
ɱɱħǺҪħҲħֻҪħħͽ군ʵʱħѾ군ֻҪħڣħͿһ죬ˣħ
ҵ壬
ħҶȻԸΪҵĻģνˡУҪߣ˭ҲסңֻҲ׷ǡ
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Ҷüʲô
Ǽڣ
ʱŮͻȻʵ͸һǿǿ磬ĻὫָ֮⣬Ժ󣬲㾳Ǿһ˵һĳɹȴҪֳȥһ룡
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Ҵڸģ
ħҶֻҪԸΪ壬ʱǿĹӦоУ֮⣬һָΪͻͽˣպȥ˴󣬻ҪܶôΪ֪һЩϹżЩż϶ûб֣ҵĴ죬Щżڵıﵽʱģ
ħջ
ҶĬЩ⶯
һԣŮһҶû˵ʲôҶУһɵӣӦ˵ܶʱҶ˶ҪֳԿ飬ǾԲġ
ʱħֵҶ츳ѣ֣պضܹ磬㣬ҲпܳΪδ֮ͳ硣˵һᣬǣ˵Ҳһᣡ
Сӣһڶʩչ񹥻Сģ
ʱҶ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷȻ̧ͷħǸħУ
ȻУ
ħæħ壬ֻҪӦΪҵ壬ħǿĹУ
ҶĬȷʵЩĶӡ
ħֵħԭֻһ츳Ϻõˣǲܴﵽ̶ȵġǣҵİΪһǿߣͳϰСԼһ磬Ϊĳ֣Ѿͳ򣡡
ԶҶһȻãҴӦ
ŮһҶû˵
ã
ħ֮д쳣ԵļڷſҪڣľʶ֮УģⲻʲôӰ졣һʼܻЩӦⶼһͺã
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ģħٲģ
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ҶüħĴЦͻȻ𣺡Ҷϲ㣬Ϊµū
ԣҶǷһĨ
·ȻɣþУ


1404 ף
ܿ죬ħȻֹ
ţҶдħľʲôʲô
ģħԽԽֱʧ
УҶǷһĨħѰ·֮ǰħ˵ЩȻǲŵġ
ûħ³
ʱħûѾ׷ˡ֮ǰħ뿪ڵһ̣ѾԼЩħȫߣħȴû취Ҳû취ֹֻؿħô
ۣ
˻ȡǿʵվͬ¥һ㣬׵ġ
ħɱԺҶϵЩǳƬʧţһɿм糱ˮӿҶԴ䡱һȻֱӵıϡ
㡭
У˵Ů΢
ħħԺħߵ˶ʱӵӣ
ûκ⣬ʤˡ
Ƴڣ˻˺С
˷ܣй
ûٹǲ֪һôҸ飬ֻгԹŻϧ
Ƴǣڡ
䲻Ǻܺȴܾ£Ȼװζе򵥣ǲѿλŮԡ
ǵŮķ䡣
ϣŵҶҶ˫۽գټŤʱʱɢɱ뽣⣬˿̣ǽ⻹ɱ⣬ܿ񱩡
ɣ
͸֧Ļһ£ⲻر󣬵ǣǿ⣬ȴǻ⵽ɣⷴǷǳʹġԵĻϣڵϴ򼸸йһԼʹࡣ
ǣа
ΪŮڴߣɲڵŮǰ
ʹ̾ͺã
̣
ߣŮһ˳˳ĿҶ֪Ҷںʹ࣬ǣҲΪǿѹҶǹɿ񱩵İ벽Ԫ⣬ֻԼָǿѹѹסĻҶɾͲˡ
ˣֻܿţʲôҲ
һᣬϵҶͻȻ۾Ů¶һȿ໹ѿЦݣ㻹ȳȥһ°ɣµȵһʧ̬ⷴɵζʵʹҲ֮ǰΪʲôͷǿ⣬Ϊʵǲ뱻ⷴɡ
ʵһ˵Ļܲסʹ࣬ҲֻоĥҶܹ⽣ķ»ܹѵʶ
ʵȥҡԼȥǽ⽣ܲȶǳĲȶ㲻ûǷǳпܵģ˵ҪǴʱĽ񱩵Լܲȶˡ
ԣֻǿгš
ŮҡҡͷȻסҶ֣㡣
ҶЦЦԼôУҲû˵ʲôס˵Ů֣Ȼģ飬Ҿöˣûʲôģ̾͹ȥˡ
ʵǸԼ
ʱŮͻȻңͲ𣿡
أҶʡ
Ůҡҡͷû˵
ҶЦЦ֮ǰ˵ˣ֮䣬ûҪȥƽЩһֱƽϣҾҵˣЩġԺ˵ֻˣ𣿡
Ů̧ͷһҶȻ˵ͷãԺ˵ˡ
ĬһᣬҶδȻԺʲô㣿
Ůҡҡͷ֪˵ţҶأ
Ҫȥ磡Ҷ
ˮʹߴߣȻȥǴ˵еĴ翴ģңҪС϶ڴ硣ȥ֮ǰҪʫŮ飬аϾЩ鶼Ҫá
Ů˵ͷˡ˵꣬˶٣˵ʲô
˵ʲôҶʡ
Ůҡҡͷָ˵
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵҪԼָҶҲ˵˫ۻգȻʼ޸塣
ɲǵⷴɣ֮ǰҲ͸֧ˣʱҲҪָ
Լʱ䣬Ҷָ
ڣŮһֱҶĴߣ粽δ롣
ָҶ˫ۿŮȻ΢΢һЦõĲˡߣȥһط
£ŵŮһ˺һ㡣
󣬵Ůɨһܣгк棬һ˿𾪣⣬ǣ
ҶЦǵҪǱ
˵⣬ҶͻȻԵŮʵпĺģǵŮûô
Ůҡҡͷλǰ֮ѾﵽһҶ޷ĳ̶ȣɱȡѱᱻԡ
ҶЦΣ飬Ѿˡ
ŮҶǺ
أҶ
ǺŮ
ҶߣŮҲʼƤˡʱŮֵû뵽̶̵ɳ̶ֳȡһд˵ˣǣд˵˵·ǿģǶֶѵġ棬ܻҪѡҲˣܿġ
ҶͻȻסŮ˫֣ȻԸһ·𣿡
ŮҶû˵
Ը𣿡ҶɫЩȻ
ʱŮͻȻӵȻ֪ȥħһ̣֪飬ҵһˡȻҲֻһ
ҶסŮ֫Цúõ鱻˵е⡣
ȻõŮڱŮҲˣԼҲˣŮ֮䣬ദǺܾã֮ȴ˵㺡ҲǵŮΪҪԼ֮ԼԵʣ
Ůûио϶ʲô֮Լġ
Ůû˵ҶҲû˵˾ڳӵš
ãҶסŮ֣ߣȥһ
˵ţŵŮǱڵֻħǰʱֻħڵط廹ɪɪԴڵϣ·ʲôµһ㡣
ҶŮʱֻħǶʱ¶֮ɫ
ҶɫЩأܲΪζЩôֲ涼׽
Ҷջ˼Σġ
ҶֻħǣһңȻûе·
ȻŹֻħǣȻֻħûôǿǿ߾۷ޣңе㲻ףҪʱæֻħǣ͵ڶ߾۷ǿߴ֣
ԣֻħǣҲó
ҶĻֻħһ˿ԥ֮ɫʱҶȴŵŮתߡ
һĻֻħǶʱˡæҶŮ׷˹ȥʵǲطˡ
ֻҪܳȥʲôУ
ڵŮİ£Ҷƿֻħǵ޻꣬ˣҶڳ֮⣬ֶֻޣ
ҶŮûںڶкܶȥ
ճٲױҶŮǰȻС㣬٣ˡ˵˵ס
ԣҶɫʱ


1405 û̹̽ң
ף
Ȼħ򣬵ǣԼҲʧأڣƴ½⣬綼ûջǲգûҪ֪ܹ֮ħΪҶߵԵʣ
ȥҶ棬ԪˣѾòʲôǿˡ
Ϊױδ컹ǧʱѾˣĶʱڸ޷ս
ʱǸȴˡ
һף
Ǵĺ̰
ҶһĨЦԪˣʵڵһŮ޸ǸʲôӣͿֱӽУҪǣǻ˳ȥյħĵ̣
һʯ
ֻҪȢ˵Ů͵ڵõ磬ٶС磡
仰˵ҶŮƴƴȻҪˡ
ˣҶɫѾ
Ҷɫٲһݣ˵ҶԸʵЩη壬رʱһ۲۵ķӡ
ֲӻſֲʵ
ʱŮͻȻסҶ֣һħ򡭡ûϵʲôһԣ
Ҷ˵ͷ߰ɣȥҪô׵ġ
˵꣬ҶŵŮǰȥ
ҶŮٲ׿ЦЦһƽһ𡭡

ս
Уλױδǧ·⣬Ƚ۵һŮӡ
ͺǸߴ󣬱һҪɽһȦĿ࣬׳˶ŮȻҲߴ󣬵ȴǼΪÿһŮӣűķ顣
Ȼ˾
ʱ֮Ϊ׵Ļվ˳Ȼױδ챧˱ȭЦϲǿУԺλ棬ûĸСˡ
ױδ쵭һۻӣǣϲģӭǣ׵ģǾͱ˵ˡδȻһҪǿŮӣ˵ޣʹҲû취ǿб
ȻұƵŮǰңڸˡΪٲѾ̸ǧõŮȥףȥʲôȻҶǺԲܹܵġ
ʵҶҲǼɵġһ˰벽ԪɱˣңѾ֪ħ½ˡӦ˵ܶ˶Ѿ֪ħ½ˡ
һҶһǣ
һˣȻóԼŮҶ֮϶ʲôϵģȻҶôΪԼŮȥǣңǲһħϣڼǰȥƵŮҪʧȥԼŮҶ
·ǽǵЦЦױǰûǴ֮ǰǴӦģ˵ҪŮ¼޸Ҽȴڣ⴫ȥӰ죬ܲð
þͲðɣ
ױδ쵭ǣҶǴˣ촰˵ɡ֮ǰ֮ԴӦϣİǣûǣԣҲǷʲô
ǵ˵ͷǶףνʵΪ棬ǣҽ̸档˵ǣҼϲŮ£״ǰŮҼһԵŮµ츳ضõĴ֣պǼпܳΪҲǲܣ
磡
ױδ˫ֻ롣رǴﵽߵǣҪֻȥ硣
ﵽּǿߣҪλǷǳѵģ˵ܣǲҡΪҪͻƣλܲסǵǿͻƣͷ
Ӳ飬ûУӲˣǾˣܲųһ
ˣǱѡֻѡȥȻҲǣ٣λǾͲ٣Ǵ˵е٣˵Ǳ٣
Ĭãױδҡҡͷ֮£δȻӦҲӦûʲô£λذɣ
Ȼ֪˵пʵ֣ϾʵǿڼĻʵһ¥պҪϴ磬ǲܡǣʧȥԼŮҶ
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ЦЦǰӦúĴȻսʤħ򣬵ǣȴҲʧأλǰҲˣ߾ǿߵ͸ˡ˵ڵĺܣܶɶڶǣ
Ҳ𣿡
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ĿҶͣһ£ȻŮŮ£ӶһƬġ
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ǳŮ£ϲ㣬ˣ
򣿡
ŮҡҡͷҲǶ˵ʲô֮ǰڲᣬԺᣬԼ£ԼᴦԼ£ֲ֡
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ҵ˼Ů
俴һ۵ŮȻŮ£Ҫ˼УȻΪԼΧ˴ѵģأ
вŮʡ
ҪôΪҲû취ǵ
Ůɫһ䣬Ҫ˵ʱҶͻȻҡҡͷ»ɣ
ŮһҶȻ˵ͷ
Ҷתǣǲ򣬵ǣף
ҶǿҶһ˿أȻҶ顣
Ҷ˭ǺҪδȻ֮ǰ˵飬Լûйϵף
ǿһҶŮȻŮĲˡãȻˣǺˡ˵һ䣬Ů£㣬ԣǸ߹ģǣһӺ󣬵ǲˣˡֱԣŮ¾ԵԼϯҪҪҲҪӵˡ
˵꣬תȥ
ţ
ʱҶͻȻڵ
תҶô
ղǾ仰̻ȥҶֱǡ
ҶΣȻû̹̽ң


1406 ˭㣬ҾŪ˭

Ҷ£ֱʧԭأٴγʱѾǵǰȻҲ׼͵һȭ
Ҷη
Ҳ͵һȭԺ˹ȥ
죡
һըֱӱˣײ˴ǽϡ
죡
Ϊ֮һ
ǶȭҶҲǳɵľ룬Ҷ˿ԼȭͷȻԶǣеʵѹôš
һ̣Ǳȥ
ϲ£ǣܶʱ㲻£²㡣֮Գ֣ΪŮ
̵ġ
ҶٴγʱѾǵǰû˿ϻҶ͵һȭͺ˹ȥ
ٽ磡
ȭһɿֲҶȭͷ֮к£ֱӱٴײǽ֮ϡ
䣡
ţһ˵Ŀֱ֮ײǽڣȻ󵹷˳ȥ
ҶûֱֹͣһԶ׷˹ȥʱԶһڻعæһҶ׷˹ȥ
ˣ
һһͻȻԵϮһУҪȥæӵһֱֱֻӴһѪ׷˳ȥ
һĻһԱҲҪֵŮֱӴסˡ
Ůӣг˵Ů֮⣬˶סˡ
Ȼﲻû뵽ҶȻֱӳ֣Ҫ֪ʱ˿Ǵ򰡣
˻δعʱҶͻȻ߽˴УһˣǡǲûѾһϢ·ʱܻ
ҶһϢ˵ŮǰȻֽǶ˵ŮǰҲûջعԣҲ޷㣬ǣţڵ϶ôջءΪֹ
Ҷ
ʱԶŮͻȻ֪ʲôǴĿô㡭
ұ죡
ҶͻȻתŮӣҲᣬ˵һ֣Ұͷ
Ůɫ࣬΢΢ȴûи˵ˡ
ǰҶǲڼ˵ˡ
ҶûйŮӣǿϵǣҪղظղŵĻҾͰԴŤߡ
ҶĻһԵױδ˵ʲôȴû˵ȻǲϣҶɱǵģϾǴʱĿ򡣱Ѿе㲻ˣɱǣøڣ
ǣû˵ΪʱҶͷϣ˵ҲûáΨһܹȰסҶģҲֻеŮˡˣ˵Ů
ŮȻҲҶҪʱϵǣǸͿˡҶһʼʹ޷ˡ˵ȥĻôջȥ˵Ҷ˵Ǿ仰ʱʵɱǣ
Ů˵ҶһۣȻû˵ȻΪСȥŮӡ
ȻǲµԲ𣡡
Ůȥˣ£ԼУǲ򣬵ǣ򡣡
ǿһ۵Ůһתģ
˵꣬ǶϱŮתȥߵſʱͻȻͣȻתҶ˵ʱҶͻȻҪ˵һ֣ͱˡ
ɫʱѿԵŮ˵ʲôæתȥ
ǵȥ󣬵ŮҶôͻȻô
ҶҡҡͷȻŮֻͻȻܲףģҲұ֤Ժû㣬ǣҸұ֤˭ڱ㣬ҾŪ˭
ҶĻһԵױδɫʱЩÿˡ⻰еǿ˵İ
ŮҶãȻʲôԺһԡ
ȻҶ˵ͷ
ȣ
ʱһԵױδͻȻһҶŮȫǧһ¡
Ůһױδ죬ԥ£ȻסҶױδǧǰҶܵҸףĸ󡣡
ҶȻˣ¶΢΢һ񣬵ĸ
Ҷ̬𾴣ױδɫ΢ÿһ£µ˵ͷȻδıǣδȻ˵㡣ʵ˵ǰҲܹﵽ򣬵ʵ֤Ҵˡ۹⣬ܺãĺܺã
˵ģҶڳţŮȫʸġе㵣ĵҶƢƢ׳°ҲãȻҶƢǣҲʵ
ܵ˵⣡
ʱٲͻȻ˽˰ݷã˵ٵѡ
ױδ쿴ҶҶʶչһϢ˵ͷǽ
ٲ׵˵ͷȻ˳ȥһᣬڷٲ׵Ĵ£Ůӽ˴
ŮӲǱˣҹϹ١
ױ
Ϲٶױδ챧˱ȭϲױħ򡣡
ˣױδ˵ͷ
Ϲ΢΢ͷȻһԵҶЦӣ
ҶЦЦȻ֪ϹĿģתױδ죬λ̻ĴСϹ٣֮ǰλ߾ǿ߾ġ
ԣױδɫݣȻϹٱ˱ȭлˡ
ϹЦױҲˡ
ʱҶϹСϣ翪̣֮ǰдӦ̣ʮ˰
Ȼû⣡
ױδֻǣڣֻ̻ʣƴ½硭
˳Ĭ
ʱҶվ˳Ҿã֮ǰʧ磬ħĵ̣ǶӦջ
ԣױδǷһĨЦ⡣ʵôˣǣʱʵ󽵣ʵ޷ջ֮ǰռЩ磬͸˵ħˡԣҪջЩʧȥ磬ֻнҶߵ
Ҷô˵ǾʹԸˡ
ϹҲֳһĨЦ⣬ЦȻΪҶҪְʵѾرˡ
ڸصҶ
ҶԽǿպõͽԽ󡣶ҶչֳǱֻҪ䣬պضһλǿߡʱֻҪһ仰Ϳܸı̻ˡߣֻҪ֪̻йϵǾ˸ۣ
ʱҹͻȻվ˳ЩȻҪջأջ֮أ
˶ҹơ
ױδҶҶҹƣҽ˵ľʦҲεˡ
ԣױδʱҶǽ˵Ҳһ硣
뵽ʲôױδЦ⽥ʧĬһ˲ҹƣƹ˵ʲôֱ˵
ҹЦЦȻױˡðһ䣬պǽŮأǹӣ
ԣ˶ҹơ


1407 ң
ʲô˼ױδ
ҹЦǽŮ£ʲôⶼûˡǣҾãǽ֮͵úú̸̸ˡ̸ʲôȻ̸Щħջô⡣
ԣ˶ʱҹƵ˼
ױδպҪ򽻸ŮôȻҪ̸ˡΪֻҪɵӶóҶŮĹϵױδ򽻸Ůĳ̶ֳ˵ǵڽҶ
ǣױδ첻ǰ򽻸ŮʮĶӣҶȥæոЩ磬ױ뽣ˣûаô飬ҶҲǺںǣǽ˵ľʦôܲں
ҪΪ˵룡
ĽǶҶ˵Ů򣬲Ƿ˵Ů飬һζԻˡױδȴҶȥæոħЩ磬ΪպĶƴƴ
ƾʲôҶȥƴƴôռˣ
ҶںЩϾŮ֮䲻Щܹģǣں԰Ҷʹã
Ҷ˵ʱŮȴסȻҡҡͷ
ʵҹĲġҶΪģѾˡԵĻϣҶڲκġǣ֪ʱҪİԼҲҪİֻ֪ҪѣҶͲ᲻ܡ
ҹһϣҶһֱڸҲϣҶܹõһЩʲôΪҶΪԼԵʶҶԼá
Ҷһ۵ŮȻû˵ʲô
ʵֻҪŮһ仰ʲôԲںģŮ֮䣬κġҲףǽˣ˵涼ϵϣˣϹ١ΣϹΪʲôҪæ
Ϊ棡
棬ʵһ
ں˲ں
УŮһҹƣȻֿɫЩÿױδ죬£Լ̸
˵꣬Ҷ߳˴
ҶŮߺҹƿױδ죬ױǰ̸ɡ

սɽҶŮš
Ҳ֮κκ顣Ҷ
Ů˵ͷףǣЩõõģҲǸõõģֻŻ˸㡣ñ֪ΪһŮ˶˽˵棬Щ˻ô㣿
֮ǰҲæģɽˣȻǵòûô󣬵ǱǣǿҶһģңҲˡ
Щ˸Ůûκιϵƴȴֲô˭Ըɡ
ҶЦЦȻ֮Уôģû
ѡ·Ů
Ҷ˵ͷ̫ҪػֲЩһΨһİ취ǽһӴñ˲ۡȻڽ˻Щǣ˵ķչǱȴǾ޴ġģպĽ˲λ棬ڴ磬һϯ֮ء
˶仰ǷǳͬġΣûԪ˰æħǣҲˡʱû߾ǿߵļ룬뱻ĽħŮ
ʱŮ˿ܲݣЩ̵֮ǰЩҲưոݣЩ磬ѾԽȥҪ³϶ѡ
˵⣬ͻȻתҶҪչ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ˡ
ŮƲҸ̸ˡ
ʲô˼ҶŮ⡣
ŮֱҶԺһƹ򡣡
Ҷסһᣬ㸸
ŮҡҡͷǰҶûаȤˡֻҪȤҵܵңҲڣҵʹҸҲȲϡ
ҶŵŮãȻʵڲϲƹҪǿԼȻ֪ŮΪʲôôȻΪ򣬲˵϶ġĳֽǶ˵ʵҲ൱ˡ
Ů΢΢ҡͷȫΪ㣬εףкܶܶĲ㣬ҲףҪǿ˲ܹۡҸѾˣû˵Ѫԣڣʺڼƹҵܵܣƹ
ĬһᣬҶЦЦ㸸ĸǿҪˡΪǿ϶ͻȻıΪҵԵʡ
Ů΢΢һЦҪԭ򱾾Ϊ㡣
ҶͻȻסŮ֣ʵδȻЦͦÿġ
ŮЦ΢΢һǺܿͻָֻǰЦ
ҵңҶЦ
ŮһҶȻ߰ɣȥҸ˵˵ҵľ
˵ţסҶһʧԭء
սʤڡ
ҹƴʱױδպô̵ֵ飬ʵ̸ĻǺ˳ΪòϾҶŮĹϵŮױδŮȻ̸̫̣ҲҶΪѡ
ʱŮҶͻȻ߽˴֮С
Ŀⶼ˵ŮҶϡ
ŮֱߵױδǰȻƹ򡣡
ƹ
ԣױδǧʱסܿ죬ɫЩѿĬãױδɬһЦΪҶ𣿡
ױδ˵ͷҲȫǡҾãұȵܵʺ򡣡
Ĭãױδ˵ͷããƹܡ˵꣬·һЩ
Ҳǣ˭ױδȻƹܣʵ൱͸ҶˡִĽɽڰ͸ˣζȻܲԸ⣬ǣûа취Ҳûѡ񡣵Ů̫ˡ
˵ʱĵŮѾ߹ԼˡĶӣҲǵŮĵܵܣǾ͸˵ˡŮȵʸûС
ʵ˶ŵŮģر󣬵ŮѾﵽһߵĳ̶ȡΪΪʱǵŮվǰ棡ҲΪа֣Ŷɹѹء
ҪǣŮʵ֮УѾǿ
ԣŮҪҪʱױδû취ܾ
ʱױδͻȻֵһǾǣպˣ˵Ů
Ҷ
Ůȴɫƽĵ˵ͷã
ԣױδɫ΢ÿһЩպҶŮĹѪҲѪһ룬ˡ
ңҲŮĵܵܣҲĶӸʺʵҲõŮƹ򣬵ǣǰŮû˼ֹȥԼǵںˡȥҲùˡ
ԶһĻҹǷһĨЦ⣬ڿɾʡ¶ˡ


1408 Ǿ
ܿ죬ױδʽŮΪ
£Ȼû˷ԣҲû˸ҷԡŮʵҶĿõģ˵ױδ춼Ҫʺƹ
վսȻҪе࣬ãҹˣƳǿʼָ
ŮҹҪƳǵ£Ҷʼչ
ս˳ɳһ;ﵽ춼սˣ綼ڷٳɳ
ڣҪľǳߡ
ȻĵԽԽǿ߾Ѿˡر棬Ȼвʯڣǣħǿߣ˵ʯǼǳ֮á
ﵽߣ
ڡ
ҶڵأΧ
ʱҪɾʯΪڵ̫ŨˡҪ֪ʱڿʮһƷʮƷ
С
뵽Ҷ뵽Сף뵽СףҶǽĲµľС϶ץС϶ĿĿ϶ǵύСףֻύСףǸô
ΪôֻС׶Թޡ
˵ץС϶϶ʲôĿԡ
С϶˿ˣһ弦Ȯ
ҶһȻջ˼ʼʱٶ඼ûãҪԼʵ
Բʲôħܹȵġڵʵ¾Ǽ涼޷忹⡣
ԣʵ
Ҷʼӿ룬ҶϢʼԽԽǿ
ҶԶϦ˫ۿһҶĬãҲ˫ۣȻʼ
ʱĺνߵãŨʮ൱һꡣ˵°빦ý˵˽ǽ˵ʵ϶ǻġǣԼεˣκ˽
˵СҪǺ̫죬ⶫñ֪ˣ϶鷳ԴԴϡ
͵ƾЧûܹܾ˺ջ
ԣ׵֮⣬Բᱩ¶ˡ
ǿҲǷζģǼįģر־ҶһֱϲʽҲûʱû취Ҫһ¡
£ʱļ죬תƾһ¹ȥȻ棬ֻǹȥ졣
ڣҶͬһһڵأһϢԽԽǿٶҲԽԽ죬ԽԽࡣ

սʱĴڣֻҹŮ
ڴλϣҹŮһŮǰռʱʱţȻһԿռ֮дŮСһŮʱó飬ţһϴ˳ȥ
ԼһʱŮǰĿռĲʼ٣ֹ˰ʱŮǰĿռ䳹׻ָƽ
л
ŮתͷԵҹơ
֮ǰħսƳҪʵ̫̫ˡһ˵Ļ϶ԲЩ飬ҪۡңҲǺóЩ񡣶ҹȴǷǳʺϣĶҪá
ˣҹתͷŮЦ
ƹĲǵŮȻôƴİŮǣƹǵŮŮҶĹϵֻҪǸ˶ܹס˵˵ҶҲΪ򣬾͵ڰҶҲǵڰ｣ˡ
ҸʺϴЩ飡
ŮԺҴ飬Σ
ҹЦҪǽ𣿡
ңҲǵڰŮ
ҹƿŮҪһ͸Ҷ
ŮȻ˵⣬˶ô룬Ҹĸƣʵô룬ܲԡΪ˵û򶼿ԡǽ˻򣬶ĽŲţ˶ãǽ˻Ѿ벻ۡ
ҹƳĬΪŮ˵ĺܶԡ
ҶĽŲ̫죬ǽ˻򶼸ĽŲԶԶ˦ʱ˵ܻ׸
Ĭһ˲ҹƵ֮ҪƹΪҪͻҲ̻뽣̻֮ᡣ
Ů˵ͷƹ򣬽̻֮ìͻʧƹ򣬽򽫳⡣ΪǻҶʵҲûҸȷʵϣҶոʧȥЩ硣
ôǵģ
ҹƵ󣬽˵ˣңҶ쾭塣һ˫鷳
ϧҸĸ󣬻ǵܾܵҳ⣬Ҫ͸ҶŮǸûҶûǵģ飬ʵ֮Щ鶼ѾˡȻһȥƽЩν顣
˻ƽϣ
ҹЦʵҲƽϣڲˡŮ£˾ĺǡȻҪôҶպ鷳Ȼ֮䷢ʲôìܵĻֻ
ŮҹƣεˣδȻɡҲľʦȨ顣
ҹƳĬһᣬȻҪĸرǳеƣҪı䣬ҪıЩ漰˵档
Ҷĺܣ
Ůֱҹƣ漰˭棬ֻܷȥɡ
ҹҡҡͷҲǵԼµʱ֮ǰѾڣԼˣرܵܣӵ̫̫ȨڳУΪƽȻǼҵģӵжȨûϵǣ̫Դϲռݣ˾ԷչȥǿԽԽǿԽԽķչıơ
Ĭһ˲ŮǸóȥһˡ
ҹƿһ۵Ůһȥ
ҹƿʼ򣬿϶鷳ڵŮ֧£鷳ӭж⡣
ǿʵǰû˸˿ϻ
º
ĳ죬ٲͻȻ߽ս俴˵ϵҹŮ£ƹյϢһЩռħЩ硣ħħ½вʮ磬ѾЩռ죬ħռҲǵС
ԣҹŮɫʱ
Ȼǳˡ
ʲô֮ǡħƴܾ˺ˣ
ôҹƿ˵Ů
ŮĬ
ʱһͻȻ˴УȻȥҪ
ŮҹԶȥԶҶ֪ʱ
Ҫǲأҹʡ
Ǿ
ҶҪǵҪǵ


1409 ˣ
ҹƳĬŮҲĬ

ζʲôζҪս
ʱҪʱָԪٴοսرǶֻң򣬻ҪһЩ
ʱսܲǣҲ
ʱҶߵŮǰ֪ʱʺϿսǣǿǲЩŹ𣿲ģĿŵȡǵ磬ûʲôΪǻ޼ɵʱǲˣһ˾ûƣҲЩ˾Ǻ۸
˵⣬Ҷ˶٣ֵңԳ֣ȻǵĿǡұЩռǵ磬ΪԷǱǿ϶ҲǡҲ˵󣬲̻ǲ̣ǶŹǣ
ԣĺס䣬˶ϲ۸۸ģƱۣ仰Ƿǳͬġ
ңЩ϶ǲŹģΪڵ۸
ʱǿ˵ˣԼ綼ûջأ۸۸˭
Ҳ˵һս
Ҷ˵ս޷ʱѡȳ֡
ȳ뱻
ﵽˣʱŮͻȻ
ԣҹٲ׽ǿҶֻ˵Ŀ֮УҶȥ˽䣬Ȼ˵ͷ
ҶͷһԵķٲ׶ʱһ
ߵҶѾΪֲڴﵽߵֲʲô̶ȣֻ֪֪һ߿϶Ҷûʲôвˡ
ҹҲһϲﵽߺҶһ߸вرλ棬˵ڼֻ棬Ժˡ
ҹԣŮ΢΢ͷҲǴһ˿Ц⣬ڵʵӦ࣬ҪУλ棬ħǿģǺܶ࣬ҲǺ١رЩеϹܶ࣬ʵҲǿ󣡡

ҶΪʲôûûռˣ
ŮҡҡͷûҪҲħǵ̡Ϊǵõʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ȥˡ
ûܵԴ룿Ҷüʡ
ŮҪȥ磬ҡʮС⣬һǾ˱ͨĿ飬飬һǿʵ˻飬ܹʤԷôͿȥܡֻܵȵΪֹ
̣ܿҶ
Ů˵ͷǳĿ̡ٶʵҲΪȥҪ֪һȥζԴҪһǣȫȥҲСպҲ߾ϵ˲߾϶һһġ
ңǶλ˵ϣλ˿϶ǻ췴ģ
ʱҹƵȻλ˵ʵ϶ûдǿǣأңһ޼ǿߵĻĴ£λһǾԿԺЩġսĽ϶Ҳܾˣʯ٣
Ů΢΢ͷԣǲܶλϣϣλЩ˾ͲͲ߼ˣǵĿġ
ҶҡҡͷȻˣ˵˵ڵɡҵĽأǸõˣңҲõŮͬУΪ⽫ٴδһΣյĴС
ŮĬãȻʵ
Ҷͷ򣬽ʣµľͺýˡ
ŮֱҶһҲħǿ
ǸôҶʡ
ŮĬ
ûʵ򣬲Ҷ˵Щ϶Ź򣬼˵վдһ졣ֵĻռǣǣһȫ
˵֮֡
ʱҶʵǲûôˣһֻħǣңǿѰ̻ϹٵԪˣ߾ǿߵȻЩҲˡңսĲ
ĬãŮ̧ͷҶġ
ҶЦЦϲսұ˭ƽһ£ֻû취ܶʱֻսֹսΪڵĴʵҲǾҪ߳ûͶǲеģΨһİ취ɱһ·
Ů˵ͷȻסȻףڵʵǾҪֻҶ˵ɱһ·
ҶŮͬѾ϶ˡ
ҹƵϴϹ٣Ԫ
Ҷ˵ͷԪ˿ʵʵ߾ǿߣûʲôˮֵǿߣĿǰĴ£Ƕ˵һ
Ȼ˵ܴҶ룬ǣҪҪ׼봦ģȻûԼˡ
ҹŮ׼ս飬ҶѾͻƵߣǸͻƣôȶˣȹԼľ硣
ڵѾߣ棬Ѿõر棬ڵǳ֮벹ʯڵͿһʩչնν
ԭһ࣡
棬ȻǼԪѾﵽԪ۷壬ֻҪһܹﵽ𾳡ȻҲҪõѣǳѣʲôȻ򣬸û취𾳣
ԣ棬ֻݻݻ
ʮҶ뿪ҡ
ڵʮ˵Ҳһʱ䡣
սʤڣ˵ŮҹƻеŮĸĸ֮⣬ҶԪˡ
˶Ҷ΢΢ͷһ˿Ц⣬֮ǰǸҶȥħǷ˴ơˣ˵ҶҪǰæû˿ϻ͸˹
ǵɵõЩҶһûҪȫԼĿڴҶǺкøеģҶܹ˼
ҶԪ˵˵ͷȻɨһ۳Уʱ߶Ѿ
ҶǷһĨЦݣ˵ʱһɿֲϢͻȻսϮ
ţһͻȻڴ𣺡Ҷ
ԣ˶Ҷ
ҶüͷΪʶˡ
һԣŮü΢


1410 ǺǿǷǳǿ
ʶ
ҶŮ
Ů˵ͷӣ졣ʱʱҼһʱӶţҲ֮һ
Ǹ֮ǰҪǼһҶ
ŮһҶȻ
ԣҶ΢ƣԷǲİ
Ĭһ˲ҶЦȻ˼ҵģв֮ߣȥӡ
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
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Ҷһ죬û˵

ֱߵҶǰȻŭҪǰĽһж
Ҷ˵㣬ҲڷϻһʳϣУǽ档


1411 ʧѣ
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Ҷνһ̣ɫʱͱˡһ̣֪ԼЩˡϧǣѾˡ
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ʵʵǲģܹ߾ǿߣôУǿҶһսġϧǣԼ껤̫ˡ
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1412 Ҫб£ɱ
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1413 ͶҾܾ
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ţʴ
˲ʮϢʻָƽʱֻʣҶħǡ
ߵʵǲģǣҶħǶǿοҶħһ
û˷ʱ䣬Ҷħ˵Ů˵ǰȻ·ǣãһͷͻȻҶС
ǣɱ᲻ֱӴﵽԪأ


1414 ˭
ҶȻȥǣûǵȺãңҲûʱȥǡ
ҶĴ£ֱɱ֮Уרǿɱûһӣеаǿȫɱ
û߾ǿߣЩҶǰ׵ĸ򣬸ûл֮
ɱЩ֮Ҷֱȥǿ֮ʱüͷһ塣
ǿ߸Ԫϳ
ʮλߣŮ
ʮλߣ
Ҷ˫΢У˵ЩռЩѾˡҲԤ֮УЩЩ綼ԵΪ˲³ֻҪһΪʱȻžսǣ߾ǿⷽ棬ȫԿġ
ҲΪʲôֱɳǿԭΪƾǣ򣬵϶ҲᱻС
ԣʹҲȫս
ʱλ棬ûĸӡ
򣬻ǳŮҶ
ԪҲҶ
Ԫ˵뷨ǣʱˣȱܿԷϾԷʮ߾ǿߣǿ϶ղôɡһս뽺ţǶǼΪġҪ֪ǿѾûԮǣЩȫǿ϶ֹʮ߾ǿߵģһ
һ뽺ţԷǿ߿϶Ѹٸʱٴ࣬Ǻܲġ
սǳǵÿҶ˼
ҶȻǳо͵ˣǣҶȴСĶӳ
УҶĬϢȻҡҡͷǣ
ΪʲôŮʡ
Ҷǣֻƴ½磬ǳǿ϶ֱӴȥʱǸû취ȥ͵Ϯˣսϵ磬뱻ķءԣǲֻܳսһ·սף
Ƭ̣Ů˵ͷͬҶ
ʵŮ֪Ҷʲô鶼пǹģҶʱƫʲôȥǵģеҶ£ԣҶһЩʱѯһҶ£ȻֹҶҲֹֻҶ
ڣҶ
˲ʮϢԶǿͻȻϮʮ죬ӳֵǰֻһգ۵ʱ䡣
ܿ죬ʮ߳Ҷ˵ǰ
ȫ߾ǿߣ
ڼҶ˵һ̣ʮ΢΢һȻû뵽ǣҶ⸱ƣڵǡ
ܿ죬ʮĿҶϣȻɫ
˵ʱѾµҶݡ
ҶѾҲ˵ˡ
Ҷ棬һվ˳ȻҶҺܺ棬㾿ʲô㣬Ǹʵ𣿡
Ҷʼ磬Ҳ֪׼ԣ
ԣ
ߵɫʱЩѿҶһĿ񰡣
߿ҶãȻ򣬹񣡡˵ţɨһҶˣȻƾЩˣҪǣ񲻹أ
ҶЦЦأֻԹ֪Ҿúܶʱǽġ
ôҪǽߵ
Ҷ˵ͷ뷨
ҵˣߵ
Ҷɨ˻ߵһۣȻҾͲϻˡǳµЩ磬ǲǸû򣿱ϾЩɲǵġ
ǷһĨǰǵģǣǵˡףҶȰһ䣬ڻȥ˵ܹһӡ
ҶûڹܻߣתͷԵĵŮȻ𣿲ϲսǣܶʱֻսܶ˵ģҿģȭͷϡ˭ȭͷ˭й˭е
֮ǰ֮뻪˵ǷʵΪŮΪ֪ŮǲΪеġ˵⻪ߵԸЩ绹ĻŮǿ϶Ը⽲͵ģ²ҪħЩ̣ҲԸġ
ڵҪϢңҶԪϵ֮⣬ߣһ򶼱Ȳϣ˵ȫҶڣûбһҪսζʲô
ζһжҪҶǰ涥ţ
ҶΪС
ǣղŻߵĻõס˼ǲЩ绹ģңԷǼƣȻǻϾɱ
Ҳģ綼Уưո𣿿϶ᣬԣΪԾ󻼣Ȼǳ
ȻҶڣǣ߱򣬶ңûЩȫҲ˿
УŮһۻߵˣȻҶˡԺ󲻻ɵ뷨ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷûڷϻһӣɱ
£ǰֻħһŭȻŻߵֱӳ˹ȥ
ҶŮԪҲûţһŻߵ˱ȥ
Ҷ˶֣ߵɫҲûӣʱӣرٶȲֵӣǾġ
ս
˵Ҳֻս
䡭
ǿ֮ϣһɹɿֲԻߵڱӿɲǼ䣬ƬǿնΪ֮Ť
ս
ߴʮ
ȻߴʮǣҶߵȫѹʮˣرֻħǣ˵ȫһж
ҶǾ͸˵ˡֱΧҶ
ֻһȥҶĻǺпܻᱻɱģ
ԣû취ֻ˶Ҷ
߾ǿ֣ȫԵסҶնνģˣΧ£ҶбѹƵļ
ʵҲǳҶΪȻһ֮סԪߣ
ʹˣҶߺѹߡ
Ϊֻħ̫ǿ
еŮŮսҲǿһжģ
䣡
УҶһնνֵסţҶس˰ɵľ롣
Ҷͣºɨһܡ
ϣ
սپ
һ˲Ҷӿһ̣һԼǰ߱ȥ
ǷһĨЦҶһȻǿǣ֣ȫҪηģ
֮ǰһ㣬ٴγ֣ȻҶνʱɫͻȻ䡣

죡
Ҷǰһֱӱһնޣʣµ֮⣡ˣΧĿռֱӱȫһ˲ռڶ֮С
նν
һ̶ͣȻԶҶ
ԶҶǷһĨЦݣȻɨһۻߵˣ˭


1415 ʯ٣
˭
Ҷ˵仰ȻΪˣ硣
սһƣƵһûƵһ߲ǷǳģҶھơ
Ҫѹǣ
˭
û˳Ӧս˵ǰˡ֮ҶߵƱضǱǡ
Ҳȷʵˣڼߵ˺ϣҶѾȫռϷ硣
ŮԽսԽ£ߵԽսԽҪԭΪҶȻʱǲûҶ֣ǣȴʱ̽䱸ҶҶܵǰȻղǰ㿳һ
һ̫ǿ
УʩչӵնνҶɫ΢΢ףãɫЩöѡǰʩչӵնνԼضˣң϶ݽߡڣѾߣȫԳסնν
Ҳ֮ǰΪʲôõӵնνԭ

ʱͻȻһҽ
ҶתͷȥֻһֻħǴʱڽšʲôȻǽˣղһ߾ǿһע⣬ħǴ˻ᣬȻֱӱħǶ
ӵʱ߾Ѿʧߡ
߶԰ˣ
ߣѹԽԽ󣬵ǣǻսûӡ
Ǻӣ˻࣡
ֻħǵٶȣ̫̫죬ǸӲֻħǡ
ΨһȽеľҶˡûж֣ǵǰ߾ǿ߲ûж֣Ҳûж֣ǲҰ
ղһֲ̫
ֹһӺ󣬳ٴһҽţתȥֻԶһ߾ǿ߱ħǸֱԡ
ߵɫޱѿ
ʵŮԪϵʵҲǼǿģǽֵʵҲսǣǣﵽߺҪܣҲǺѣǣҪɱʵǺѵġ߾ǿߣ򲻹㣬ǣӲλǺɱġ
ʱߵ˾ôǲûиŮƴϡ
ħǻɱҲϵģǣħʵ̫ǿԶǣǱɱѾϲȥˡ
ǿ϶Ԯ
ʱҶ˵Ů
ҶɨһԶĻߵˣȻ֪Щϣ˵ߵ˿϶ѾаˡңӦúܿͻϵ
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻһһ⳯ǰһ߱ȥ
һĻɫʱ䣬ûսתӡҶûȥ׷ߣתŲԶһŮս߱ȥ
Ůս߼ҶϮд󺧣Ȼ֮ǰһֱӷ˵Ůתӡ
ҶҲûȥ׷ԷǼһλ߳ȥ
ܿ죬г˹һĻ
Ҷ׷˭˭ܡ
У߾ǿֻ߱ħǸԡ
ʱֻʣߣ
ҶߣԪֻ˵ˣ޴󰭣ֻħǣһ¶ûС˵ϵ߾ǿΧȻһ߾ǿ߸˵ǡħҪзҪٶٶȣ
˵֮⣬ҶѹǡֻħǶЩģȻҲַʽϵúѹˡ
ûսӡ
֮ǰսҪĿҪסҶˣȻԮڣǸˡȥܵԮʱѾȫûˡ
׷𣿡
Ȼ
Ҷ˵ֱ꣬ŵŮħϣħǻ⣬ֱӴҶһĹʧʡ
ԪҲһæȥ
ܿ죬Ҷ׷˻ߵˣûκηϻҶŮֱħǳŻߵ˳˹ȥ
Ҷħǳǻߵɫ䣬ʱǹѡͣΪǵٶûħǿ죬ӣֻܱˡ
ʱҶħѾ˻ߵ˵ǰʱҶüͷȴͻȻǻǴϲţһֻݵľͻȻϿյĿռ̽˳Ȼ·Ҷλ˹ȥ
ٶȷǳ֮죬գۼѾҶϿա
Ҷ˫΢Уһһֱײֻݵϡ
䣡
һֻݵ־һȻǿռ֮С
ʱߵ˵Զʮߡ
ʮߣ
Ϊ׵һ͸ߴֳߡߵԣ۵ߣһͬ㣬Ǿͷǳߴ󣬱ԱߵĻߵ˵ٴһ
ͬʱ˵ϢҲǳ߾ǿ֮ǿģ
ˣ
УԪŮɫǶ棬ʮߣ
ʮߣ
ȻҶпһжħǣǣ˼ʮλ߰
ڿҶɫƽʱԪҲ
ʵʱҶǲƽģʮλߣȫԤϡԭ룬Էа֣Ҳλ߶ѡǣȻԤϴˡ
ʵҲѾ֪ҶߵʵǺʮλ߶ҶûκƵģҪ֪ħݿɾ൱ʮλߣңħħǵʵǿ
ǣʹݣħҲҶ߸ȫ
ˣҶˣҴ⡣֮ǰҶͻȻ͵ϮЩֲĻ֮ǰȴǵģǶʮλߣֻλߣ
ɱӵҶԶĿҶϣʡ
Ҷ˵ͷҡ
߿ҶãȻϣȷʵԩһҲǰλܹ㿹⡣
ҶҡҡͷҶûȤǲֱӶ֣ʲô˵˵
ɨһҶˣȻҶϷĨǡȻڱ˶࣬ǣϷҪǣһҪǲʯ٣ҲһᡣֻҪ˻ȥǿԷŹǡ
ҶǷһĨЦݣҲϲĨǣҲĴУֻһµЩ罻ԺԾˮˮ
ȻЩ粻ģǣЩǵŮġ
ЩռŮĵ̣۸Ů˭۸Ů͸˭
߿ҶãȻû̸ˣ
£һţһԪռУһ̣һâֱӰסΧˡ
ҶΪľ۰ɣ
£ţȫʧԭء
ȥˣ
һԣŮɫ
ҶҲһĨȻһһԪռϣţʧ˳С


1416 ÿȫߣ

ߵ˺ףǿսȨҶϣΪҶֻħڣֻħٶȺܿ죬Ǹ׷ϡˣ뱻ֻһ취Ǿȥ
սҶ˲Ҳô
ңǲҶϣռݺܴƣҪƣһ󻼡

ߵǿʱҶҲ
ǿ֮Уٴζš
ʱĿͻȻԪϣ̻İɣ
Ԫüͷʱ⸱ʵǸıģĿģȻΪ±ϳ̻ġû뵽ǰ߾Ȼ֪ǵ
ʱֵλذɣ
ԪϿߣҲ˼Ȼܳϣɹϵ̻ᡣ
ǷһĨЦݣóһŴ飬ϢԪǰĿռͻȻ
ģԪɫЩѿ
ôҶԪˣʡ
Ԫϳǻȥ
ԣҶɫ˵϶ġ
Ԫֵ󣬴СѾȥһְ񣬲ұĽ̻һе飬ǶСڴ
ԣҶ˫۶ʱ΢תͷߣ˵϶Ƕ̻ʩѹˡ
ʱԪϵһ̾ȻСѣǸǱûȥϾǵĸңϼΪ£Ѿء
ҶЦЦԪϣԣλѴλȥСǸҶˡ
Ԫϵ˵ͷȻСѣţţ죬Բһ죬ˣ
˵꣬Ԫһֱʧǿ֮С
Ԫ˵ȥҶ߾ֻʣŮеŮĸĸԼֻħǡ
ʵ̫ˣ
ûд
ʱĿҶϣǣ̫˿ɲǺ£Ҷأ
ҶЦЦȻʵͻȻãǵǸνӣʵһƷΪʲôأΪʵ̵ħЩ̣ûһɣӱɱ֮Ǳǿ˳ȥռЩ磬ҰЩۼγһӴţ
Ҷ֪ʵǱˡǸƴ½ҵŮ϶֪ģǲûֹΪʲôΪԷҪɱ졣ԭ˵Էʵ£
нٸС磬ħҲнٸС磬С磬ˣҲǾ൱ٸС硣ջ̫̫ˡ
ԣʹŮЩ磬϶ҲǲŹġնҪ£˭֪ġ
߿ҶΣȻЦ˵Щûˣ𣿡
ȷʵûˣҶ˵ͷ
Ҷ
ߵԸٴθһᣬֻҪŮԼƻǿԲƴ½
һ绻ȡţ£򲻿رҶסҶ͵ǿסҶֻصֻħǡŮҲǵ֮ҪɱŮٵϵֲпɱ
ŮڲŰ
˵˵һ磬ܹҶŮԸ⻻
ҶûйߣǿԵĵŮ𣿡
Ů΢΢ҡͷ
ҶЦЦȻתͷߣһ˿ʮߣǿ𣿡
£ͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾߵǰ
ҶȻֱӳ֣ɫһȴûӲһǧɡ
ȻûҶ֣֪ҶһкǿĽһУɱߣˣûдȥӲҶһ
Ҷֵһֻ̣ħǲûţҡһ䣬ֱӱʮ
ֻȻǿ֮С
Ҷָ£ֻħһԾֱӳЩײ˹ȥ
ֻͬɽֻħǣҶЩɫһ䣬ûиӲ׷׳˿һ̣ʮӡֱӺֻħϡȻħǷǿǣӲʮߵĹҲǲܵģֻħн¶һ˿ʹ
ʱҶѾ˹ţһƬѪɫȻڳкɨ
䡭
߾ǿֱӱҶһǧɣҶû׷ǳǰ̤һţǿ֮ͻȻྦྷɫǳ֮Щǳ֮ͬˮѸӿҶת˲Ҷ˳׾
ҶֱӻһѪ⳯ЩΧֻħǵ߳˹ȥ
ǵŮϵױδԼǧȻҲûţ׷׳ߵ˳˹ȥ
ȻҶʮһλߣǣҶֻħǵĴͷ£ߵƾȻߵ߻Ҫǿ
Ҫ鹦ֻħǣΪӲס˴󲿷ֵ˺Ҷңûκһ߸ӲĽһ˾Ӳǣסߡܹ֮ǣסߣΪǳ
߲ǳصģȻվ￴ҶǣҶǳ̫̬ǵĹҶϣҲǰҶ˶ѣûиʲôʵԵ˺ڼҶ㹻޸壬ڵһ˺ûã
ߵɫǼѿģҶһѿеĹͷĽ˸ҵķ˿ơ
ô
ħҲǼΪֲҶһûһ߸Ӳֻܱߴ߶㣬ǣȻǵĹħһ˺ǣǺأħǻס
ڵŮŮʵҲǿһж˿·硣
ױδΪսʵȻҲǲģһȫû̫ѹʵԽǧǣһλߣǴ´ġ
ʮߣ

ʱͻȻһҽߵȥֻԶһߵؿڣһɫ컭ꪡ
ߵǰǵŮ
УҶߣǷһĨʮλߣе㲻
ȷʵЩ
ʱһͻȻڳ£ߵΧĿռͻȻһţʮ߳˳С
ʮߣ
һĻױδǧɫʱҰ
ŮɫҲЩѿʮλߡЩ㳲
ȥѾ⣬򣬼Ǽһ߾ǿ߿϶ʮλϵġ
ڣԷжʮλҲ˵ЩѾ㳲
أ
߿ҶǷһĨ𣿡
ҶɨһߵˣȻǵߣˣ԰ɣ
ǣ
߿ҶΪԷһѾ㳲ǲǵĻᡣ
㳲
Ҷ˵ͷÿȫߣ
ƾ㣿Ǽ
Ҷûڷϻһӣһͼǰ
һ̡


1417 λһ
ҶǰȻǺӽͼ
Ǻӽͼĵƣĵƣһ㲻ᱩ¶ƣµħʱҲûб¶ΪƱ¶󣬾ͲǵˡңȻѾﵽߣǣǲʹǺӽͼ
ⲻǷɣǼٰ
ң˵͵䡭
ǣòˡ
ʮλߣ
ϳûã
ֻܶǺӽͼʵʹǺӽͼҲǺģϾпжʮλߡʱѾûѡ
óǺӽͼҶһԵױδ򸾣ĸȥɡҪΪʲôҵģȥ뿪
ױδ򸾲⣬˵ʱŮȥɡ
ױδ򸾿һҶŮһ˲˵˵ͷȻʧ˳С
ҶŮŮҲڿ֪Ҳߵģ
ҶЦЦҲûߣýȥ
ŮĿҶǰͼϣõˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ŮϢȻСġ˵꣬һûҶǰ
ֻħҲҶս˺ȻʵǲȥȴΥҶֻܹԹ굽˺ڡ
ڵŮֻħǽҶһȻһԵߵˣɣҿж󣡡
£ҶɫȻȻһӣǰǺӽͼֱӻһ貵ǹ⣬ţгŤת˲˶һƬǿ֮Сʵ֮ǰĳûʲô̫Ĳͬ
ǿ֮У
ǣϸϸ£ͻ֣ᷢƬǿ֮ǰǿЩͬʱߵѾܵˡ
ߵɫֱǣΣա
Ĭһ˲̧ͷҶҶˣʲôϷ㶼ɣ֣
䡭
ʮλ͵رһɿֲƣȻЩƳԶҶѹȥ
ʮλ߾ǿߵƣεȵĿֲճ˵ʮɿֲƳֺΧĿռǲ飬ҲҪҼġǲûУеĿռֻǷһ֮⣬һжƽ
ߵҲ㣬ɫˡ
ҶûйǶʮƣʮеĽ飬Ĭһ˲һ̣һף黯һԶܿ죬תʱҶǰ̤һһصƾճ˳С
ţԶЩǿ֮еǳͻȻҲܿ죬Щǳһɹ貵ǳ⡣
䣡
ǶʮƾȻֱըѿȻޡ
ˡ
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ܼһһ಻ͬʱԶЩҲǳͻȻһǳͬһ㣬һһǳ֮мȻҶߵĽ鼤
жٵǳ

ҶΧȫǳˣЩܼͬһ㣬ܲ͸磬㳡ʵǺˡ
һ̣ȽϽһЩǿ߷׷뿪ԼȻǿ֮УеĿȫ
ĳǺӽͼĳȫһģƬǿǼģǳǶൽ塣ʱǳǿһ㳯飬һһһ㣬ǿնΪ֮
ǺӽͼڣڼЩܼǳʱߵֱסˡ
һ˲뵽ʲôͫһǾ֮ɫǺӽͼǺӽͼ
ԣԵЩɫǾ䣬֮ɫ
ǺӽͼȻġ
Ȼ֪֮ǺӽͼΪ޼꽣޼صǿһսǳٻǳȻ޼ս䣬ǣһĻǸ˷ǳӡ
ʱǿԣǺӽͼλһȻЩ飬ǣǺӽͼǿӹɵģ
ڣû뵽⣬ǺӽͼȻҶУҶȻܹ߶
һȻɫ赲
ס𣿡ԣһЩ
תͷŭ𣬡סҲҪȻ
£ӿԵЩߴʱɫҲԣʵҲû·ڶ˵סЩǳǾֻһ

ԣסҲҪ
䡭
ǺӽͼڣЩҲһһͳǳȥЩǳǰЩ̫ˡȥҲԶԶȲЩǳ
䡭
ǿ֮Уһǿղռһ뽣ǿ֮쳹
·ƴ½Ҳ˾ؿա
ĩ
֪˶ãƴ½ϿյĽ𽥼٣ģԽԽ٣ƴ½Ͽյǿջָƽ
ǿ֮УҶڣҲڣǣʣˡ
ȫѾʧ
Ҷû˵ԶҶ˫΢գҲû˵
˲֪ãջĿ⣬ȻǺӽͼǺųλһǺӽͼ
£ͻȻǳЩڱɲǼǽ߸ޡ
֮ǰѾǳǿѹסЩˣڡ
ЩǳڼȻͬǰ㼤ȥƬ̣ʧǿ
ʱױδǧ˳С
ֻҶʱɫ䣬˵ʱҶͻȻĸģδȻ¡
ԣױδһɡױδһҶȻǶʮλߣȫˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
״ױδʱһ
ʮλߣ
ʮλ߰
ȫɱ
𾪹󣬾ǿϲΪӽԺ󣬽˸򣬰򣬾һΣ߾ǿʧ˾ųɣЩ߶ʧ˾ųɡ
ߣȴûһˣ
ʱǧͻȻסױδ죬ȻҶ°͡
ԶҶ˫΢գһҲͬܡ
ױδ˷ʧһҶû°ɣ
Ҷҡҡͷĸȥƴ½ɡһеҪ
û£ױδȻЩţֱҶ϶£ʱҶое㲻
Ҷٴҡҡͷȥɣ
һΣҶ֮дһ˿ɡ
ױδ컹˵ʲôʱǧȴסȻȥɣ
˵꣬Ҳױδ˵ױδһʧ˳С
ױδߺҶ΢΢һһϹţŮҶǰ
Ů˵ͻȻ˫Ȼһг𾪣о֣㡭
ǿ֮ϣͻȻ˵Ůŭ


1418 ҵĽе㼢ˣ
ŮǰҶԼٶȲš
ͷһһڱףٶȺܿ죬ڵŮУϢʱѾѩףͬʱϣȻɢ˿˿
ǵŮԭ

ɢζʲôζ˵仰˵Ҫˡ
ڣҶھȻ
Ůββ
ʱҶ۾ʱҶ˫ܴͬУûϬеֻ񣬻һ˿ǣнľߵĿ⡣
ˣҶƤҲɿûһ˿ˮ֣гЩơ
ϣ
ʱҶԵüĲϣ
㡭
ŮָҶգУˮ֪ؾԲ𣬶Բ㡣
Ҷס˵Ů֣ϣ¶һЩѿЦݣϲˣҲ㣬˭㣿УӦģ˵ּĻġ
κϵħ֮飬Ҷδڹڣ˼ԳܵĴۣҲûкڹ
Ů
Ϊ˵Ůκ¶ڡ
Ůҡҡͷû˵ֻӵҶĻУȻҶ壬еᣬһֱᣡСûᡣΪӲԼޣ֮ǰԼĸƣҲδһᡣ
Ǵ˿̣еȴ̰ͬ㲻ӿ
飬ҶʵûйϵģǣΪԵʣҶ˻ˮҳе˱óеһСһУеģеģǣȴȫҶϡ
Ȼ֪ҶĸԸģǣҶī࣬ģȴֹסʹ
Ҷס˵Ů֫ˣûʲô󰭣Ǽ˵ѡ
ʵǼ˵㣬Ǽ˺ܶ㣡
߾ǿߣвһǧһʩչǺӽͼΪʵȫЩǳ֮ˣǿʩչܵ£ֱӼ˲ųɾšȷ֣֪Ŀǰ״ֻ¿Իˡ
ڣﵽͿԶıˡ
ڴﵽ񡭡ѶȲһĸ߰Ҫ֪òŴﵽ߰Ҫڴﵽ컹ѶȰ
ܵ˵еˡҲãôҲһģǾĽﵽ˰벽Ԫ
֮ǰǿԼ⸲Щǳ֮ôȻΪЩǳǿǳʵ̫̫࣬ˣĽ⸲Ǻǳҧǿгšû뵽ΪǿţĽõͻơ
ʵҲ
ͺñһÿϢֻʮǣһǿں׷ɱĻܻܶʮһٲ
ˣһԼԶ֪Լжô㣡
Ȼﵽ˰벽ԪĽ⣬ǣʵе̫ˡ
£
̣ﲻ񣬲鷳ԼͻⲻǿЦģǿ졣ǣȴ޷ڵǿӸģһ̶ġ
ǲܸģҲûô졣
ԣҪΨһİ취ͻԼĿǰﵽµһ߶ȣӣ
ӵãҶŮصƳǣȻ˺ڵ㡣ϦӺϣϦҲ˲ӿ˳û취ҶְֻοϦԼһʱ֤ºϦɫŽָ
ԺôĥԼϦҶһ˿ȴǲɡ
ҶȻæͷӦʵҲγĥԼû취ʱ£ʩչǺӽͼҪ˸ˡʮλ߰˼Ҳö֣ƾѹˡ
һᣬϦȶҶʼڵأȻˡ
ʱǷǳƣģ廹Ǿ궼ǷǳƣģȻΪʩչǺӽͼԵʡ
ھ粻ȴǿʩչܳܵԼ϶ǻɺܴӰġ
ڣҶڰ棬ȴѾַˡ
棬ƳǣλЩ硣
Ǻӽͼٴγ
һʼ飬Щ϶һ鱨ϣ鱨ϵ棬д֣Ҷ
ܿ죬һĻ˷һ򣬲Ҷ
ǺӽͼҶУҶһնɱ˶ʮλߡҪǣ鱨Ҷ˾ǸӣǶˣö裿ңҶϲһԲϾͿɣһɾǸɵס
ˣǲҪĺã
ǵ³˵ҶҲǳ׷ˡЩ͸˵ˡЩֻ·һͶ򣬶Ͷ
Ψˣл·
ܵ˵ˣ
ڣڵϢҶѾָȻ϶ûлָġϦ´һҶ뿪˵㡣
ս
Ҷսʱ˵ĿⶼϡЩĿ֮Угݣмɵһ㡣
ϷǵŮ
ױδǧѾ˾Ļƴ½һжǵŮƹܡ
ŮߵҶǰȻ˵סҶߵ˵ϣתɨһ۳ˣԺĻҵĻκ˲Υף
Ȼæͷ
Ů΢΢ͷȻҶ˴ϷϣȻǵΣ˲ûʲô⡣
ⲻ̫ðɣҶʵ˶ʱҶǲŮʲôܶģΪŮϣҲصŮ
ŮҶҾúܺã
ҶЦЦúǾͺãģ
Ů΢ƣת˲ָתͷ·ˣĿҹϣƣлţ
ҹ΢΢ҡͷ
ԣŮɫʱ
ôҶʡ
Ů֮ǰ˸ǹ黹ԭǵ磬ǣûеõӦ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻҹƣƣڴһ£͸˵ҶĽе㼢ˡ
ҹƣ


1419 
һ󣬳֮⣬ЩռˣѾ׷׳硣
ЩߣһʾԸ⳼
еҶŮ⣬û뵽Щ˾ȻֱҪͶ
Լһ仰ô
ʵЩʱֻͶһ·Ϊȥ鷳Ҳǻ鷳ġΪڵʵһ㲻ˡ˵֮⣬֮ǰμΧЩʱ߾ֻһˡ
֮ѡͶΪȥǵͶ
Ҫ֪˭֪ǵ򣬽ǵͶζžҪ֮ĶԹֹ
˭ô
˵ģ͵Ҷһˣһˡ
룬Ҫһ֮д߶ǺӽͼǺӽͼҪٵһƬеѣǣҪٵһ磬Ǵ´ġ˵Ҷֻǿޱȵޡ
ˣû˻ȥΪһС
ԣЩҪֻͶ֮ǰ֮ԲӦΪǾҶǳˡϾʩչǺӽͼҶʵ϶޷ܵġԣлǱһ˿ҡ
ǣҹưҶĻ֮еһ˿Ҷʱˡ
Ҷţ
֪һûԥˡ
սڡ
ֻˣҶŮҹơ
ЩͶСʮ߾ǿߣİ񣬼һٶλ
Уҹƻȫ£ʵλ֮Žǰ壡
ֻǰ壿Ҷҹơ
ҹưҶһۣȻأһ
ҶڨЦЦҾãӦøˡ
ҹҡҡͷ㲻˽λ档֪𣿴µ磬ȫͳλ棬֪λж𣿡
ҶҡҡͷͱˣֱӸҰɡ
ҹƵλ棬ܴ󣬷ǳ󣬴߾ǿ߻ʮʱ䶼ûзλļޡΪλ򣬷ֱǶϼ򣬱ڶⶫʮȴֻһеԶʹʹǿմҲҪܹ
ҶЩգһֱΪλСԭСˡ
ʵһ򣡡
ʱŮȻ򣡡
򣿡ҶҹƿŮ
Ů΢΢ͷȽأҲȽΣգ֪˺٣Ӧ˵Ƿǳ١
򣿡Ҷ⡣
Ů޴ӵֻ֪֪ǳգȥ߾ǿߣ಻ʤǣǿǰΪĻ̫̫ˡ
ҹƵкô
Ů΢΢ͷħĴУҸ׵ĴУлáˣֻħҲ򡣡
ôͻȻ˵򣿡Ҷʡ
ŮĬһᣬȻϣܹȥ򡣡
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Ůڣһɭ֣İɭ֣һȪۣ֮ȪУ֮ˮ

Ҷɫݣȱʲô
Ԫ
ڴﵽ񣬼ʹںڶԣԼȻԼȡʱ䡣
ǺΣ𣿡ҹƵ
ŮҶʵڼ£ȥáǣȥǧ򲻿ɴ⡣еգ㿴ħħ֪ˡʹԵħʵڼֻħħҲڼͣС
ҶЦЦģҲеġ
Щ˶ΪĽꡣˣȥκˡ
Ů΢΢ͷΪԵʣǲĴڣǾʵʵ̫ȥ棬޷ʲôУɲ档
ҶߣŮ⻰˼ָǻ
֪Ҷ룬Ůǻ±㣬ӣ̫ϳԿҪ㣬ǲõģΪԺ׳顣
ҡҶЦ
Ȼ㣡
Ů΢΢ҡͷĽܹ˵ĳɾͣԸֲޣзâη޾壬ԸպԣĽɳٶȷǳĿ죬Ϊ㲻ηκ£¶ǿֺͷڴ㶼Ұνһս˵ӲѹԼĽðʱ;ԻΡܶལġ
ŮԣҶĽɳļ죬ҪһԭѹԼĽ
޽ľͨԳɡ
ҶһֱͨģΪѹƣóʱͳΪһֱͨԣĽɳٶױȵĿ졣
ɱĳɳʵɱĳɳܼ򵥣ɱˡ
һͨˣɱʮˣ˵Ҳܹɱ⡭
ʲôʱȥ򣿡ʱҹͻȻʡ
ҶĬһᣬȻû죬ȥ
һ飬мأҹƵ
ռ̵Щ綼Ѿѵ̻򣬲Ͷȴûж¿϶Ҫġ
ҶǷ˼ҵ飬飬ûһС
̻飿ҹƵ
ҶЦЦƣ㲻Ҫ̫ԺҾͲˡҹƼֱĻ׳棡
ҹ΢΢һЦȻȷʵô£Ȼе㲻
Ҷ˵ͷϹٶİǷǳģΪԵʣϹܵ£ȻҪȥһµġȻҹ˵̫ˡ
ʲôʱҹƵ
ڣҶֻвµʱԻȻ˷ʱ䡣
Ů̻һ̻ᣬ壬Ϲ壬Ϲƹһ磬һٶС磬ҲһȻûħǰǿ󣬵ǣǵӰȴħ޷ġҪ֪Ǻʵ̫̫ˡرǵ鱨ϵͳ˵ⶫǿģ
˵꣬Ҷȥ֮󣬺ú̸ϾȥϹٵģȥܵģ𣿡
ԣһҹЦ
ҶߣڵŮУҶһרǻ
ʵŮĵǺġҶദһʱ䣬ҶƢȽϤ˵ҶԸǷǳǳµġʵҲҶһֱһֱ鷳ϡ
ҶɫŮ΢ƣˣ˵ˣȥɡ
ʱҶͻȻߵ˵ŮǰȻס˵Ů֫δȻǵ֮ǰսħʱ˵Ļ𣿵ʱ˵ǶܹôӦһ¡
Ů΢΢ͷ
Ҷ΢ƣȻҡ
֪Ҷ˵ʲôŮɫͻȻЩ


1420 ڰ㣬ں㣡
ڵϷһŮҶ뿪Ȼǰǿ֮ǡ
̻ܲ򣬶ҪȥȻҪǿ֮ǡΪǿ飬̫ԣǿմ󷽱һЩ
ûǿ֮ͣҶֱǿմ̨ڽɾʯҶһ֮С
֪˶ãҶ۾ʱѾһƬǿ֮Уǿմ
ߺˣ
ʱһͻȻƬǿ֮𣬽ţһ߳ҶԶ
ߣ
ҶҲ⣬ϾԼڵǿմ󴦣һ㶼صģĿȻΪ˷ֹͨǿմͻȻ͵Ϯ
ǺˣҶ
ҶҶ
Ҷ
ԣͫȻһ㣬Ҷ
Ȼ֪Ҷģλ涫˭֪Ҷǿǣһɱʮλߵĺݽɫ
ɫޱȵĽ䱸Ҷħ֮飬ûκϡȻһҶ˵򶼲˿ӡ
ߵĻҶ΢΢һ漴ЦˡҲ̻鷳ģݷһϹٴС㣬ҵѡ
ԣɫ΢ɣֻҪ鷳ľͺáһҶȻҴСģ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ԣ߳ĬЩԥ
ôˣҶü
ҶɫЩƣ΢Ȼæûг£ֻǣڱĽҪ峤ͬС
ҿԼ峤𣿡Ҷ
߱ЩȻˡ˵ô˵һҶӲô죿鱨ҶɲʲôƲ磬Ƕˣʲôģ
Ĭһ˲ߵ峤ڱչأµǶС㣬ҴȥС㣬ֻҪͬ⣬ҲǿԼСġ
ҲԣҶ˵ͷ
ߵĴ£Ҷ̴½ǣ̳ǡڽ̳ǵһ̣ҶЩ𾪡Ϊ̳ǵķʵǳ󡣳ЩĶǳĺ϶Ʒ׺ܸߵĲϣ֮⣬ڵ˷ǳĶ࣬ǳ֣ɵĽֵϣˡ
һֵǴĽֵ϶ˣЩˣٶȶܿ죬æµʲô
УҶͣ½Ų·ߵ̻綼н̣̳ܲˣǵõĻﶼȻ࣬ȥԣæ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻӦúܸСǵãǶСҹʮɾʯʱ־ó˰ɾʯ
ǣ
ϴһ˿⣬ⶫ򣬳ǿ֮⣬ûĸڲϿԱȵùǣǡ
뵽ʲôͻȻջȻһҶʵҲǺܸУҲ
Ҷһ飬ֲǵģ
ʵµľҶҶ̻Ԫ˵飬̻ڿɲʲôܡ
ߵĴ£ҶһΪƵĴ⣬߲û߽ȥΪһߵ˵ǰ
ϣ㲻ǿմأʲô߿ҶԵߣü
ԣ϶ź΢΢һ񣬡ϣҪС㣬ԣҴ
С㣿
߿ԵҶȻ˭
ҶҶ
ԣ˫۶ʱ΢ҶãȻҶ
ҶԼıӣԼе󰡣˭ʶԼ
ʱֵ֪̻ν£
ѣϹ٣ҲǵĴС㣬˵ҪõõǶСͬ⣬ԣǶС㣡Ҷ
ǴСѣЩ㵡
ԣҶ
ߴһҶɫЩŹ֣û뵽ҶȻϹٵѡò˵ҶѣɲᣬǵÿϹ֮ֻһѣҲûʲô̫ô
ǺܺõѣǾЩˡ
ĬһᣬߵСڼһҪĿˣԸκ˲ܴ
ûϵҿԵȵȣҶЦ
߿һҶЩ⣬ҶҲͦ˵İңҲûʢ˵ĸо
ҶϲһԲϾͿɣ⴫źе㲻ʵ
ջ˼ȻǺãȶСһ̸꣬Ҿʹȥ
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߿һҶҶȷʵͦ˵İ
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ԥ£Ȼ˵ͷתȥ
ߺҶɨһܣȻߵһԵһ

ڶ˵һʱ䶼˷ѣΪڣʱ
˲ʱһ߳Զ˿첽ŴſȥҪȥʱ֮ǰǺٴγˡ
С̸£κ˲ܴţ
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
ԥ£Ȼ˿ɲӲԭصһᣬͻȻһڵҶڼҶʱ˫˲
ʱҶҲӣڼһҪӣҶһ㶣Լʶǰһﰡ
ôǵˣ
Ҷһ£ǿ֮ǣС㣡
ԣҶһӣԷˡǶСһӣСìʱԷ֣Ȼһȭɵˡ
û뵽ȻԷ
ʱӴߵҶǰȥ㣬ںˡԼȻҵǰ춼ڰң
ҶһӣȻҲڰ㣬ں㡣
𣿡
ЦЦȻһӣ֫жˡ
ʱҶͻȻ㲻ʶң
˵ãҶ֣ӦôģǰӺ֪֣ǣԷȴǻҪ鷳е㲻Ϊ֮Уֻһλߣ
Ӽʶ㣿ЦӦʶ㣿
˵ţһӣж֫֫Ҳжˣ


1421 Դżˣ
ž
ͻȻһĶţֱӵ˳ȥһɣǧɲڵϡ
죡
һȻѿ
һԵֱӸסˡ
ҶҲЩ㶣ΪֵĲ֮ǰǺߡ
ϡһ߲ؿźߡ
俴һ˵ߣȻһУԶֱӱץǰԴǲǱżˣ
Щ£ã֮ɫ
ɿӣȻ̹ȥ֮ڶó˵꣬һ֮ǰ˵õߣǼү˵˵˵ġ
Ϊʲô
Żߣг˲⣬ŭƽ޹ʱһƣȻջģǺʵǿ󣬴ʱ˵ˡ
Ϊʲô
ĿϣҪǿүүӣҲĹ˵꣬һԵߣȥȻҲүүѵѵ
Ҳ
ʱͻȻŭϣΪʲôΪʲôԸҲң㻹үүֵ𣿡
ž
һٴη˳ȥ
һԣɫЩѿ
ȻǻȴǹܶǣǿԶѾڵ꣬ӣҪҵүүֵܣϷĴ㡣
˵꣬תͷҶСѣӦòЩСƨƽϵģ԰ɣʵڼҪҶʱбһģʲôЦжҶ֫ǲ
˵꣬Ǽ̻¶жҶ֫
Сƨ
Ҷһۺߣò˵⻪Ϻܻ˵ҪȥƽϣǲҲСƨˣʧݰ
ҶЦЦȻȻȻƽϣҪһֱ鷳
ұ֤Բᣡߵ
Ҷʼ磬û˵
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˵仰ֱתҶСѣСѾ꣬߰ɡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˻ϡ
ԭأԱͬʯһڽԭأܿ죬ϽǸֳ亹
Ҷ

ڣⶫ˭˲֪Ҷһλ˰벽Ԫɱľɱ񣬶ңϣкųλһǺӽͼ˵˵ֻһ򣬾һ򶼲ҵҶ
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˿̣ǶǻϵĸмѾԸӵĵز
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磡
Сɫݣ̻פЩ磬ǽõ棬Ǿ޴ģңȡκε˰⼸ʮڣ̻϶׬
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ҶֱӶС㣬ΨһǾǱɴСǢ̸ֻ
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СɫЩѿҶҳʵǿҲû˸㣬ǣⲻ㡣ǺϹһӭǣϹҵ飬Լܣֲ
Ҷ˵ͷô˵ǲŴСˣ
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ȷҶŶС㣬ʡ
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죡
һը𣬺ֱӱ˵⡣
⣬д󾪣˿Լ֣ʱڣһĴָСĽ
ɫޱû뵽ҶŵĻҪǿ̧ͷȥϷʱҶѾǶСǰͬʱһǶСü䡣
ôСң
ҶֱӶС㣬ÿ㣬ˣһûʲôġ
ҶϹԼ飡СҶ
ҶҡҡͷҲϹҵ飬ֻ֪ʱԮ֣֮ѣԹۣȻ̻ݲûϵҴߣҰһ̻̻ᡣ
Ҷ˵ˣԲǣͬģģҲԲǣ
С㿴Ҷû˵
ʱҶĲϲϻҲ˷ʱ䣬ʮϢڣҪǼҾͰԴ
Ե
ױȵİԵ
ʱҶ뵽ʲôͻȻ˵Ϲһ㣿
ʲô˼Сü
ҶҪɱ㣬ôֻʣ㡭
ԣǶСͫȻһһ˿֡


1422 ǵܾˣ
֣ͱˡ
ʱһͻȻڳ
ҶתȥֻԶϹϹԣһߣͱȽ֣ȫĺǻ˿Ǹͬʱϻһ˿޵ϡ
Ϲ٣Ҷջ˽Ȼû°ɣ
Ϲ΢΢ҡͷʵħʱҾѾûˡȻ㲻ܻħҲ¡
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ϹЦЦȻʼ͡
ܿ죬Ҷˡʵħһ̿ʼϹپѾ˳֮ûйΪ뿴ϹҶ֮м֡ҶϹ٣ô֤ǵ֣Ҷֻ
Ȼ̻޷ҶȴԶҶҶ
ҶˡˣȻΪϹٲϧ̻ΪС֤ϹҶеķǺصģҲ֤Ϲûпˣ֤Ϲһεĺģʤˡ
Ǹ
Ϲһ˿Ǹ⣬ַʽ̽ҶЩصġ
Ҷ˵ʱϹԵߵ¸ٶûйϵϷ⡣
ǣҶߡ
Ϲ죡
ߵ̻λ᳤ҲѾͷүүҲԽүү
Ҷߣҽã
飬үүܳԿƵģ
Ϲû֪֪λ涫жүүҸ㣬ŶӵˣԴӶŵ򣡡
үӣʱһԵϹͻȻݺݵϹһۣ΢΢졣
ҶһϹ٣ЩˡϹ컹ȷʵû˵ѣүүģ»ĶࡣΪʲôΪүүζҪȢŮȢŮԺ϶һ̻ĲƸ
ɲһСĿ
ͷҪԼүү˼Ѿˡ
û˼ŮѾܶˡһŮˣԵŮʫǾͶһֲƽңϹ٣ֻǵѡ
ˣҶЦǰ˵ЦˡϹٹǺܺõѡ
ҶܾһԵϹٿһҶȻҶЩøУȴûдﵽϲĳ̶ȣǼҶôϾܾΪŮˣﻹЩģѵԼ䲻
ʱҶֵүӣҷǳ⣬ǣҾãʲôĿԡٹһˣһүӲӦðһͶʣ£ˣأ
үӴϹ٣Ŀʵˣ£ǷǳеģⶫӦòμκεԡ
ҶĻϹ΢΢һ漴ҶʱĿ⽥ЩΪʲôҹִϻ۵ŮҲĸԸĸҶˡҶȻӵǿʵǶŮȴǺأŮˡ
ȻǰϿ㡣
һԣǶСҲһҶһ˿⡣
Ϲ쿴ҶãȻСӣҳϣ֮ǰҿˡ
ҶЦЦȻλȻٹû£Ҿ͸ˡǻҪȥһЩ죬ȥһ¡ֻнŸȥ
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ϹѾͶ϶ҪȥġȥСһЩ
ôҶϹ졣
ϹҡҡͷȥǣȴûеõʲôȷеϢֻ˵ˡûˣǿ϶Ҳʲô̵ġԣȥɴ⡣ڵʵʮ߿ҲԻɱ㡣ǣҪСһЩ
ΪϹٵԵʣ˵ҶɾԽǶ̻ĺôҲԽˣȻǲϣҶز۵ġ
лѣ
ҶϹ챧˱ȭȻ֪̻鱨һ޶ϣλ鱨棬Ը̻һЩ
ûõ鱨ϵͳ͵Ϲӣ̻ܹŮṩ鱨ĻŮǰҪࡣ
СһϹЦ
Ҷ˵ͷȻˣ
˵꣬ͣһʧ˳С
ϧˣʱϹͻȻҡҡͷ
ϧʲôϹٿϹ죬⡣
үүǿϧҶܳΪŮˡǶС㵭
ϹЦЦȻʵҲδǻ¡̻ᣬƣԺΪ󣬶ҶΪ˴պ෴ҪҵŮ̻˵δһ¡
˵꣬һϹǶС㣬ԺѾͷҲνļˣһϷҪǲˣǾǶԷΨһˣ𣿡
ŮĬ
Ϲ쿴С㣬ѾͷҶ֮ǰҪɱĻа취㿴ھԵʵǰʲôıûõġʺǾ̣ԺӦðѸʱϣǵܣ᳤λã𣿡
СĬ
Ϲһ̾Ҳƫ㣬ֻǣȷʵʺϾ̣㣬ʺϺúһﵽҶ̶ֳȣ֣ᷢʵ⣬һжǸơ˵ֿ꣬Ϲ٣ҲǣҪסڶƸûǿʵҲǱסġ
ĬãǶС˵ͷˡʵ֮ǰҶѽüʱˡ
ʵʵΪ𣬶ǲƸΪ𡣵ȻƸﵽһ̶ȣҲǺֲܿģǣǰԼʵȻ˼ҪɱòƸȥĻᶼûС
ʵȲƸҪ
׬ȡƸΪӵиǿʵ
Ϲ˼
ʱϹ쿴Ϲ٣Ȼ֮ǰЩðգò˵ңΪĴ󵨾ٶΪϹһǿѣֻҪҶ䣬պϹӦܹһֱȥңԺҲˣҲһɽ
үӣ塭Ϲֹ
ϹЦЦûʲôģþˣ޷һ¥䣬ǳ顣ȥԼɡ
˵꣬һʧԭء

뿪Ҷǿ֮ǣû뿪ǰ򣬶ڵصϢ״̬
ȥȻҪõ״̬ǰȥ
Ϲԣڴ֮һ㶯ҲûУ϶ǲѰġԷʲô֣ʲô̡Щںֻ֪Ҫۡĵ̣Ȼֽװƣ
ˣ
Լ˰ʱҶ뿪ԭأǿմ̨ȻǰĴ֮С
˲֪ãҶһƬǿ֮УɨһܣܲûǿءĬһ˲Ҷһʧԭء
Ĵ½
ҶսĴ½ʱͻȻ˫΢УȻͣԭأͬʱӿ
Ҷǵܾˡ
ʱһͻȻڳ


1423 㿴
Լܾã
Ҷ˫΢УһĨЦȻǲģڣͷޣڼԼʮλܹɷҪ֪ڿǰ벽Ԫ⣬ңʹýӡǾĹԪ⣡
˵ǶԷжʮλߣȻǾ
ڣжʮλ
Ȼûеġ
ҲУСʻ괬仰ǷǳͬģˣԼĴ¡
Ҷ̧ͷȥԶռܿ죬һӣӵԣһֳȵӡ
֮⣬ûκǿߡ

ҶĿϣ˵ϢǿħΣոоһӣҶתͷӣһӣҶжһ˿أΪӵϣһص޷Էʵ
ҶӣǸ
ң
ޱ顣
ҶȻɱ֮ġΪҶԵʣ䵽ʲôز˵ڵһЩȲˡΪǵߣѾҶɱ˾ųɡģڵѪ
þԵʵΧɱҶҶκλᣬġΪԸҶһһȥһǰȥȥͷġˣ˼ЩʵеߣϣһɱҶҶһᡣ
û뵽ҶǺӽͼȻûɱԼҶһˡ
һս֮⣬õֱͶҲܲʧֱӴƶ˵档
һУΪҶΪҶʱ򣬿ѾǶǿ
УҶ˵ͷԭ
˵꣬ҶͻȻʧԭأͬʱһڳг֣Լٶֱ
Ϊʲôڴ֮󣬻Ұ磬ûһʾֻ֪ɱͻ塣
Ҷ˵ͳ֣ɫʱޱ
Ҳû˵ֱӾһȭ
죡
жȻһţҶ˿һֿҶȴٴϣħǰʱҶһʳ֮Уһ̣ս͵ذνһն
նνӵնν
һϴʵħ϶ֻǿģˣһ㹥ԶԷһöûСԣһ־ֱӵնνڵնνȵǿ˲֪٣ΪĽѾﵽ˰벽Ԫ
˫ذ벽Ԫļӳ£һճ֣ʿռֱӱ
ڼҶνһ̣ͫȻһȻǲҶģˣڼҶʱѾҶͬױǿԴǣһ֪ԼЩҶˡ
һ΢΢һһڵľ޸УųԱ΢΢һξ룬һ̣˫ž޸϶͵ؾһ
ײ
죡
Ĵ½Ͽһصľһ̣½·𶼲һ¡ͬʱҶλĵķԲʮĿռһ̣ȫˡһ̣һ̶ѾһƬ
ڵĿռڶ֮Уʱһ
֪˶ãʽָҶٴγ˿Уǧɡ
ڼʱĴ½ɫʱҰΪѾûˡϣʮĽÿһѪʱһѪˡҶҶһ˿ʺ֮⣬ϲûʲôˡ
У
ȻҶУ潻ֵ°ҶУ
Ҷǿʲô̶ȣ
ԶҶһ˫⾳
֮ԳԿΪҶ˫⾳ķǼǿģǣҶƾǱ˫⾳ȫ׾ٵƿķ
ȻҶߣǣҶǰûκεƣ
ԶҶûйһӣֻħǳ˳С

ֻħǳֺ󣬶ʱ֮ռʱһޱȡ
ܿ죬ֻħתҶдһ˿ֺãڵǣҶƢһ˽⣬ҶǳӲģģʲô˵ҪӲģ㻹Ӳ
ԣҪԺӺùһЩͱҶùϵȻԺӣء
ҶǰֻħǣȻԶʱҲڿʱɫޱȵءֻħǵʵȻģǿ߾۷ĳް
ɱ
Ҷ£֣ʱԶͻȻҶĲԶ֣һԿɺã
Ҷ꣬ȻЦЦҽ˵𣿡
˫΢УȻЦ֣ԩԩ౨ʱˡ磬ԺͣΣ
Ժͣ
Ҷ㶣ȻڸҿЦ𣿡
Ȼǣ
Ц׻˵ĺãԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬ໥ɱȥǶûʲôôأ
ҾڸЦ
ҶЦˣ̫ϲĨǣ˷ʱ䡣ӦþİˡȻˣҾãӦûʲô̸ˡȭͷԺʧȭͷҴʧأ
ֺţ
ЦҲֹĨˡڴ֣Ϊ˸֣ѾԣֿϣҪѰ鷳
򣿡
Ҷüû衣
ԣϵıʱӲסˡ
ʱͻȻЦҶ֪򣬿ⶫΨһһ㾹Ȼ˵Լû֪أ򣿡
ԶӿҶʱɫЩˡ

Ҷһӣû뵽ԷȻ
Ĭһ˲Ҷѹװƣԭҵһɽ˵ţӣӦ֪֮ĶԹǻǾͶ
˵⣬ҶǷһĨǲǾãҺܺ۸
ӵ֣û˼ֻѾĸԣһӣҪΪ򡣡
ҶЦЦܲҲһӣҪأ
ӿҶãǲ׼ˣ
һԣЦҶȰ㣬ȥ˽˽Ȼش⡣
ҶЦأ˾һߣҾһɡǲңҹ˭죬Ұѻˡ
ң
ѾûЦݣеֻк˪ͬʱ΢һŴ飬ܿ죬ǰĿռ䷺һ
㿴
Ҷ˵ֻ꣬ħͬʱʧԭء


1424 ΰ㣡
ҶȻ˵£ֻħǱǻĹ⳯ȥ
Ҳǻһ⳯ȥ
Ҷֻħǳ֣ɫʱˡû뵽ҶȻһ㶼˼򰡣
Ҷ
ѾûʱȥˡΪֻħѾǰֻ߾۷ǿߵޣȻҴ⣬˫ֽеǰ͵ؾһɨ
죡
ֱӱײɵǧ֮⣬ʱһͻȻǰ
д󾪣æԼǰ
죡
һըеһȻٴαسˡ
ʱֻħѾĹͷ
޻֮
Ҷֻħǵ£ʮϢʱ䣬ѾڽڰˣˣѾʮ
ȥӣҪΧŹ
ԶӳĬƬ̣һҶȥȻܿҶɱģΪͶ飬һֲ߻ģɹ֮Уλ
ȻʵѾǣֻ߾ǵİ񣬻ǵЩ磬ڡЩ˵ҲһԾܾջԣĳɹǴĹ
ӵ뷨ǺõģǣʱһǾҶʵ
ԶΧҶӳжʱһĨȻӱȥ

ƽ⣬ɫ䣬һŷ֣Ҷʵǿ̫̫ࡣʱеóȻˡѾˣΪѾǰû·ֻӲ
һչȻһɫâбӿҶǵݺݵײһ
䣡
ɫâ뽣һӴ߱͵գ˿˿뽣سܽ俪ǿ±سˣ˵Ĺ֮УӿѪ磬ͬȪһ㡣
Ҷȴǲûˣǻһ⳯걩ȥ
ҶʵһĺܹĶˡӳ֣Բһ֮Уʶ֮УҪ˵ɵˣҲڤŮһΪʲôΪܹҪǱڤŮһ£Ǿġ
УҶͫȻһֽȣӿڵӿе֮УȻ͵سǰһɿ
䣡
һ貵ɫ֮мȻԼٶȳҶ˹ȥ
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䣡
ӾĿ֮Уǵֱӱն飬ҶٶȲ˲ӵǰһΣҶûгֱһȭ˹ȥ
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ŮȻǲµģԷ϶ҪԴġ
Ҷ嵽ǰֱ֮Ӱνһն
䣡
ֱӱҶһǧ֮⣬ͬʱ֮ǰøͷҶֻҲҶһֱ顣
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ʱͻȻ
սȥӣͻ䡣Ҷֻħ֣˵սӵĻᶼûСҪΨһİ취ϣϵǿ߸Ψˣһ
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Ͷ
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˵ȥĺáֻҪһ£ңκεĺ֮ǡ
Ҷϵڳһ˿ңһ̣еĻұǻʱҪΨһ·Ǿսսǿ߸ֻһ
ˣһĨɫȻ̯֣΢΢һڶʱһѪۣţ͵ؽİԼĶͷ
䣡
һɿֲƶʱڱӿֱӽǳ嵽ǰֻħس˽ɵľ롣
ԶҶһĨ죬ΪʱϢ֮ǰǿ̫࣬ʲôطеӡ
ʱ̧ͷԶҶҶطǿطѪȼѪԴ
Ҷʲôطû˿Ȥ
Ҷδ˵꣬˱Ѿǰ
ľսʱ˫ᣬһԼһԼĹȻһԼ
ЩҪܹս
Ҷ˵Щһ㶼ҪսܹսԸ˽ʮնν
ǲܣԣսûķϻ˵ĺã
ȻطǿʵǣǱҶֻħѹơ
ûл֮
ʱһ㻹֮ûУֻܱ򣬲ãеǿеܹ
˲ʮϢ
죡
һֻħһצ˺󱳣ֱӳǰ˳ȥʱһֻħֱӻһĹ⳯Ƿɳȥײ˹ȥ
У˵ħײͫȻһܵӦõ͵һĳ
ϧʱεֵסħǣ
䣡
ֱֻͱħ飬ȻоѪͬȪһ硣
һ̣гһ˿ܿ죬۾Բеľ˼˷ܡ
Ϊ֮ϱ
Ԯˣ
ԶҶ̧ͷʣǷһĨ죬ҲҪ򣡡
£Ҷҽ͵һգ˻һ⳯ȥ
ס֣
ʱʴһŭ
ΰ㣡
ҶڳͬʱٶԽԽ죬ĽѾ쵽ĳ̶ȡ
˲Ϣ

һҽ쳹𣬽ţһͷ­һѪ𡭡


1425 ˡֱԣϼ
ͷ­Ȼġ
Ȼʵõ˴ǣҶֻħǵ£˵ʵֻһ£һҶ塣
ڵ˫ذ벽Ԫ⾳ڼֻܹһжĳޣ˵ܹɷָʵĻɷĿ϶Ҫ֪ʵûָ
ջ˼Ҷһǿ׷ɵͷ­Ȼҡҡͷϧ
ղˡ
ԭŪģȻ󽫶ԷƳɿܣԷƳɿܣǿ϶һϾʵǲġǣͷ½֦ԣһСľͰѶԷԴˡ
Ȼûһ߳ܣҲã͸ˡ
ǣɲûоʹ˽
Ҷ̧ͷԶڲԶһŮӣߡŮһϮϽɫףüپµ޳ͦΣۣȻ۵ĻŮӵ۾Ůӵ˫ͫȻһһף
Ϊ˫۾õŮԵЩ죬ⲢӰ
Ů˵ò˿ŮʫŮ
ס֣û𣿡
ŮӲû˵˵ŮԵһߡҶŭ𣬻һ˿ɱ⡣
ҶǷһĨЦݣסҾס֣ˡֱԣϼ

ɫʱ˵ʱҶгͻȻֱָϼһǲܣ
Ҷһʢ˵ˣǣһ˳ܵˡңҾ㡣Ҫǲң㻹ϣ㣿ˡǰһͱˣȻԷɫ
ΪˣɫԽű
ǺһȻû뵽Ҷô˵ܿ죬Ӧ˹漴͵رһɿֲƣȻƸճ֣ԵŮͻȻһӣһںһɨǹƶʱʧӰ١
һĻԶҶ˫΢лһ˿ء
Ů˵ľֻǰ񣬵ǣԷȷʵ׾پ˺ߵƣʵɲһ㰡Ҫ֪߿ߣңʵԲԪϡ
Ҷа䱸ȻûŮ˽֣ǣղŶԷһ־Ѿ֤˶Էǿ
սӵˣսӵˣ
ԶŮӳ֣Ǻ߲˵ʲô˵Ůӵ
ʱŮӿҶߣҶǰֻħϴһᣬҶⶫ򣬸ģǵһ
򣿡
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㣿
Ů˫΢УѾȻȴɱȷ㣿
֪ΪʲôҪͶ𣿡Ҷʡ
Ůӿһ֮ǰҶļзϵӣʱҶͻȻ㲻ÿˣ㡣֮ǰϼҵ򷢶ǣǰˡǿо֮ĶԹȻһ̬˵㲻Ҫˣǵˡ˵ңǣ
ŮӿҶãȻתͷһԵӣԥ£Ȼ֮䣬ȷʵжԹҲͶǣǶԸ򡣵ǣһһٶʮСһ磬ܹõЩ˵о޴ôġ
ŮӳĬãȻ޴
ԣӶʱһ֪Ůӵ˼Լ뷨ǶԵģһˡǾҶʵҶĵԭΪĸ֣ҶͻԹߣû뵽Ҷûߣɱ
򰡣
ӿһԶҶȻ˵ŮӵѾܹܵˡ
ŮתͷҶ磬ġ
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ҶҡҡͷԵЩ磬һʮЩù黹򡣡
ҶҲòˡĵ̣ҿԲҪǣԭЩ磬뻹
֪жǿǣ˵϶Ǻǿֻһ˵Ļ˵ģһ㶼Ҫη塣ΪԷҪɱٵɶʮλΧУңһܹɱ
Ҫ͵Ϯɱֲֻ
ǣһˣ򡣶Էû취ȴа취ľսˡ
ҲͬأʱŮͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷǾսɡҲ򲻹ǣǣҪǣӦûûġ
ԣ򲻿ϰ绹ǾֻһսˡȻھսû취սҲս˼ĵ̣㶼δҲ̫˰ɣ
ܶʱ£µǻŲˡ
̿Զǣϲܶ
ǣ
ǷһĨƾ㣿ò˵ֻ޻Ǻǿģǣ˵ֻޣʮֻޣҲ塣
ҶߣҾãȻµģܸܲұ죿ҪȻȻȻ
ΪϷ㣿
Ǿ
Ҷ£ҽ͵һգ˻һⱩٶȼ죬ֻһ˲Ǻߵǰ
ҶͻȻ֣ɫʱȻʱͻȻŮӵСġ
Сģ
Щ⣬ת˲ɫ䣬Ϊһ˹
Σգ
ǳΣգ
Ǻߴʱеͷд󾪣ӿͬʱһڶܵͷţͬˮ㳯ڶӿȥӿ룬ڶܶȻһ貵ĺɫâЩâ˲ǽҶǱɡ
ǣת˲
䣡
һ貵ĽǺɫâ֮͵رЩɫâ˲֧飬ˣǺߵɫҲֱըѿƬǺֱ߱Ӵ׹£ҽ·֮С
䣡
·Ǿһֱ̳
߲ûǣʣֱɥʧսȻ֮ûΪղܵԵʣܣһԪƷı
ʹԪƷıҲҶһ飬Ҵһλߡ
ΪҶղһɲͨնνǼӳְ벽Ԫĵնν
ӵնνһӳ⾳ǺεȵĿֲ
УҶ˹ʣȻԶŮӵˣ߾ǿߣһ¶ѡ


1426 Ⱥ£
ԶŮɫޱȵء
û뵽Ҷʵ˵ǿ֮ǰɱΪֻ޵ԵʣˣҶЩӡڣǷ֣Ҷֻ޻Ҫֲ
һԪƷıҰһλߴֱɥʧս
ʵѾǿֲܹݡ
̬
ǳı̬
ʱ亹ֱʱޱȵĺµġΪ֮ǰȻҶ֣ҶղŸһĻһʣ

ͻȻ̲סŭһ֮Ϊûи˵ҶʵҲΪ⣬󣬲ûȥҶʵ˵Ļ֮ǰ϶ǲôçײġ
Ȼ򣬲ηҶǣⲻܹҶԼûʸ
ղȴôˡȻˣ
ʱŮͻȻҵЩСˡû뵽طȻšȻԼҲţǣҶʵʵǴ󳬳󣬸ղһûаܹȫ
һĽ֮Уǿһ
ҶŮӣҪӣԣҿԸӣ磬ǿȥǣ֮ǰռ뻹򣬲Ȼ˭ҶҵĵߣԣҪսأҪƽˡ
ŮӿҶãȻΪʮС磬һľֵã
ҰʮС͸ǣǻҸж£
ҶЦᣬֻӦþ͵ôǻôߵҪࡣЩˣ߸ϹˣԡңҲûбҪȥͽǣΪǸûʲôáԼȭͷӲ
ŮؿһҶȻҴӦˡЩ磬򲻻ȥȾָǣϣպҪ鷳Ϊ˿򣬶ף
ûȤҲûʱ鷳
Ҷһ㣬Լ˱ңƢǺܺãһСİŪˣߴսǾͲˡ
˵꣬Ҷͣתһʧԭء
ţ
ҶߺŮԵһͻȻ
ʵ
һ߳ӽѾﵽһΪֲĴڣ˵һ֮УҲֻǰλܹ⡣
ֹ
ʱŮӵȻû񣬵ǵʵһ㶼ϵЩҶȻû񣬵ǣϣ˵һλ֮⣬ǵڶλҲ޷
˵꣬Եӣȥѹ϶ŪһҪ
ǣ
ӶŮ΢΢һȻתʧ˿С
һӣӻصԭأʱɫޱȵءû˵ǰһṧصݵŮӵǰ
ŮӿһӣȻ˾ᣬſţŮӵɫŮɫѾޱȵء
ôŮԣһʡ
Ů˾ᣬĬãȻǺӽͼܹ߶ͼ֮ǰϵĶʮλߣǺӽͼһɱ
ԣͫʱһһ˿𾪡
ɱʮλߣ
ǰ񣬲ߣ߰
ʮλ߱ɱ
ʱŮһѹ˵ӲԭǺӽͼ˵СʹһҲǲȥġ
϶ֹʮλߣǣҲʧʮλ߰һ£ҶȥȻֱӴ߶Ǻӽͼ޲𹥻
붼ֲ
УĬãŮӵˣҪȥˡҲȥˡԵĻʾáȻܳΪˣǾ;ΪѰɡ֮䣬ûʲôɵ͵ìܡ
ʾã᲻е㶪ˣʱͻȻ
Ůתͷ꣬Ҷˣûʸǽύ𣿡
ȻУæ
ŮӿҪûдǣܼ֮ǰȿȫȻԼС
ҹѵǣæ
Ůӵģ˴ĹһϱȥݹͲСӦûõĽ
лҹæϥ£Щ
Ӧõģ
Ů˵꣬Ȼǵ˽ӹЩ磬ס֮ǰĻҪȥǡ
˵꣬Ůһʧ˳С
Ҳæȥ
ŮӵߺӲֱȻһһΣȻ˹ǣȴһԼˡԭ򣬾ΪûȥҶ

Ҷûͣǿ֮ǣͨǿ֮ǵĴص
սڡ
ֻˣҶҹƣеŮ
ˣŮʡ
Ҷ˵㣬ѾȫǿȥӹЩˡ
ûʲôɣҹʡ
˵⣡
Ҷ˵ţ˵˳֮˵ΪҪŮ֪ʱѾܣˣԺҪע⡣ڵҪʱú÷չս
һᣬҹƳѹ֮ǰװƣԭҵһǿĿɽ˵ţҶǲԷˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˶Էһλߡ
Ҿ֪
ҹƿһҶѹԸЩ绹ǡеǣ㾹ȻѡòһΪ綼Ҫء
Ҷҡҡͷòʧ
õ򣬵ǣ϶ҲԷʱٴսУʱʧģܱȵõĻҪࡣңҲûʱ˷ˡ
ֻ¿Ի˰
ȷʵòʧ
ҹЦڰٷϴˣҪľʱ䣬ԣԵĻڷս
ҶЦЦȻλ˸⣬иĿģǾ׼ǰˡ
ȥˣ
ʱŮ飬ϡ
ԣҹҲɫصص˵ͷҶ뽣˵֧£ʵڲᷢʲô顣
Ҷ˵ͷȻŮδȻ֪ʲôط𣿡
Ů΢΢ҡͷȻ֪Ҹ״Ӳҡ
ȥʲҶ
ʵֱħǣ
ʱŮ϶Ҹ׻ҪϤ򡣡
Ҳǣ
ҶЦЦȻһӣֻħǷ˳ֻħǳһģһΪǾһ˫̥
ҶҲֻħȡһֱ֣ǣڣСڡ
Ҷʡ
ҶĻֻħͫһȻ͵ҡͷ
Ҷ˶ʱһ㶣Ҷֻħһۣȥף
ֻħԴֱҡȻʾԸ⡣
ҶɫһȻȥǾͰǶȥ
ֻħԥһ£ȻֱӻĹûҶǰ
Ҷʱסˡ
Ⱥ£


1427 һȪӣӴ
ҶȷʵЩ£Ϊû뵽ֻħǾȻԸȥҲԸȥʲô
ֻħǵʵǿǿ߾۷ǿ߰˵ҪɱǣҪʮλϵ߾ǿ߲п
ʵȻһȥ򡭡
Ⱥ£
Ȼǣֻħ֮ԸҪԭΪ˺ǡڵǶԺʵѾôηˡΪֻҪûз֮ģǡңеϲںġ
Ϊڵʵ̫ˡ
ǵİҲǾ޴ġԣҶúȣȻѡ
Ҷûڽֻħǣǿ˵Ů
ŮĬãȻҸ׵ȥ󣬶˵ĺ٣ֻǾңûдﵽ߾ʱ򲻿ȥ档ԣûиҸȥ򡣡
˵⣬ҶԭΪֻǱһЩڿԶֹ㡭
ȰҶȥǣȥĻô죿µʱ񣿲ʵ
ҶЦЦ֪ǸΣգǣӦҵʵԼʵ⣬Ͽǻֻޡĸһ𣬾ʮλΧҲܹȫˡԣõģ𣿡
ԣŮɫ΢ɣȷʵҶڵʵһ߸Ķ֣ڼֻޣ˵ٵöʮλϵΧŻвǶʮλϵΧҶֻ޵ʵҪȫ˻ǿԵġ
ҶЦ߰ɣȥ
Ů˵ͷȻ뿪˴
ױδ췿֮С
Ҫȥ򣿡ױδɫصʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ܲȥ𣿡ױδ
ΪʲôҶѵĺΣգ
һΣգ
ױδû֪εģֻ֪ͳˡһ磬ж󣬻˵жСû֪Ϊûܹܹ֮ų
˵⣬Ҷһλǿߣһλһǿߣǣ֮ҲûгˡˣдǿΪרԷ֮Ҳûڳ
ԣŮɫʱޱ
ҶɫҲЩˡ˶ȻԷȴȻûܹ뵽ֻħ֮ǰľٶҶ֪ȷʵǺΣհȻԼʵģǣҪ֪ˣ찡
äŮңӣ޼еߡ
ӵּǿߣּӦǲܣǽ޼äŮңּľͲǲ˰ּǿߣֻ޿¶
ԣǿԵģԸ
ʱױδֵ֮ԽʵһżȻĻᣬҲû룬ֻΧʹΧҲ˾޴ĻԵҵһʵֹ꣬Լս󣬶õġңħֻħǣҲлõġ
˵⣬ױδ˶٣Ȼֵ֮ǰħڵħ򣬲ӣӦˣȻҪ塣ǣʹˣʵҲǼֲġ
ħ
ҶĬԷʵǣӶԷܹħʵ϶ǼǿġǶԷҪڣöԷûа취
ʱױδֵʹǶֻΧǣҲޱȵġҲΪãҲѾˡʵУȵĲʵ
⻰ô˵Ҷ⡣
ױδΪ棬ΣյĶǿ϶ǱɵģԣΣյĶͿܻһһΣյĶ
ʲôΣյĶҶʡ
ױδҡҡͷ֪ΪģˡʹûģҲǲԸ̸ЩΣյĶ˵ţҶ֪ʵǿڼֻޣʮλߣҲκβ㡣ǣԵĻòҪȥðաΪԼҲΪδȻ
ҶЦЦԵĻҲǲȥģû취ұȥ
ûðվΪȫǳԱŵûŻȥҴ̼Ϊ⣬ǾȥǸʲôġû취Ҫ񣬾ںûա
һʱûдﵽ񡭡Ǿͱˡ
Ϊʲôױδ첻⡣

ʱŮ֮ǰʩչǺӽͼʧԣǰ򣬵õ֮ˮ
ʧ
ױδɫ΢䣬ʧɲС顣ĿʲôȻΪܹҪ֪ŬһԪľǽһĨ֮ǰ֪ҶʩչǺӽͼ϶Ǹʲô۵ģû뵽ȴĴۡ
ΪŮԵʣҶԼˣʵҶԼˡɵӶóԺŮ϶ҪҶһġңҶҲĹǣ飬ǶҲǼΪġ
ĬãױδҪȥİɭ䣬⵹ûʲô⣬ΪİɭҶΧʵҪﵽӦòǺܴ󡣲ǧҪǣǧǧȪӣ˻ȪӣܾҲزˡ
˵ױδɫļΪء
ȪӣҶ⡣
ȪӣҲӣһȪӣӴһֽߣӣͲΧˡǰǹӵģûڻױδ
Ȫӣ
Ҷüͷ壬ʲôڣôֲ
ҪһȥɣʱŮͻȻ
У
ʱױδδȻʵȻҲǿȥˣҶûʲôҶһ˼ֻħǣκΣգһս֮ߡȥˣûʲôܻңٷϴˣҲС
Ҷһױδ죬ȻŮδȻ˵ĶԡΣգҶסĻȥˣҲֻǶһѡ
Ů΢΢ҡͷֲõĸо
ҶסŮ֣ҴӦ㣬Σգ򲻹Ҿܣǿ㿴ٶȣܹ׷ǵģӦúٰɡңˡڿǻǸһ
ԣŮɫ΢ɡ
С
СλߵĶλߡһƷܹնɱ޼־ǿߣ
־ǿߵıǿɲǺӽͼܹȵġ
˵СѾ֪
ܵ˵СڣŮĵһЩ
ʱױδҶܹ뷨Ǽõġסǰǿ򲻹ǾܣˣҪġ
ȻҶЦ
򲻹ǵȻܡ򲻹Ҷɲɵ


1428 ϲһ
ʲôʱߣŮʡ
Ҷ룬ȻϢһ߰ɡȻʱȣǣȱһ졣
ã㣡Ů
ҶЦЦ⵱Ȼã
һʱҶûŵŮ䡣ǵŮҶǳһѵõƽ
Ʒ塣
ƷλƳǵĺ󷽣ƳǾƷƷ弫ߣ嶥ֱ˴·嶥ɽϵλãƣʹԿƷĿƷһ˿ظС
嶥
ҶŮһ±Ե˵ǰ·ѻɾ͸һƳǡ
ȻҾģҶԣŮ
˭Ҷʡ
ߣŮ
ߣ
Ҷɫ΢΢ݣͷݣĺܺ棬Է˭УԷʵǿ˺̶ֳȣ
һƷն޼ǿߡأ
Ҷ
ʱŮʵΪҿҲ޷ﵽĳ̶ȣ˵޷ôﵽ̶ֳȡֻǿϧָҵʱʵ̫٣ܹڶһЩǾ͸ˡ
ҶЦЦδȻΪʲôͻȻ˵
ŮĬãȻȻʵȷʵǿǣȥֲõĸо֪ﵽһ̶ȵߣΣǿԸӦġ
Ҷס˵Ů֣֪㵣ģҲ֪ҵӲһֱӲһ˲֪Σգǣͦ˹ԣ̫ģٴγǰʱһһģ
ŮĬãͻȻֱҶǾͳװɣ
Ҷ
Ը⣿
ȻԸ⣡
ҶһЦȻס˵Ů֫Ц֮Уſ⡣£һֱ˳ȻǶ⣬ȻһˡͺñϲŮŮҲϲԣȻȻһˡ
ûôĨǣҲûֹѪŰŰȥ
ϲһ
ô򵥡Ȼ˫С뵥ϲһве顣
һʱҶŵŮ䣬ƳǡҲûбӣߵģҶǣŵŮ֡ŮʼЩŲҶȴܣ֣ҲҶˡ
Ҷ֮飬ƳǣѾʲôˡȻˣһЩҲûʲô
ҹ
սڣֻҹŮ
ҶŮһۣʱⶫӦûʲôǣǣǻҪСЩرҪС򡣻Уֻһ߿أ϶ǲģԣǵöעһ򡣡
ʵ뽫ֻħģǣ⵽Ůľܾ
һΣյĵطֻħǸҶǲ΢һЩϾֻħǵʵǷǳֲġ
ҹ΢΢ͷİɣ飬ǶᴦõġԼ棬СЩ
Ȼ
ҶЦЦȻߵ˵ŮԣҪൣģһȢ㡣˵꣬Ҷڶһʧ˳С
ʵҶǷǳĵġʱҹƵ
Ůҹơ
ҹЦȷʵΣգǣҲʲôƲ硣룬˭ݣҪ׵𣿡
ŮĬãȻҡҡͷ
ҶǶ䣬˿϶ǵģǣִ඼ֱһƾͰ֡ҶǣһһɱǵġҲΪʲôܹﵽ벽ԪɱԵʡ
ܲɱ⣬ҪĲǿɱ˶ˣǿôɱ˵ġ
˵ɱ˵Ḷ̡ܹ́ľ仯ǣһƾֱǣȻ˶ǣʵǺɱɱģΪûй̣ҲûѪ
Ҫɱ˺ܼ򵥣Ϊɱ˵ĹУɱˣܿԼɱʴܹɱ˲գۣɱһ˵˻ɱʴˣúݵʲô̶ȣ
ҶҲһˣ
˽򡭡ġ
뵽⣬Ůɫ
ʱҹЦԣ͹ԹԵȢͿˡ
벻޸ʱŮͻȻ
ҹסȻû뵽Ůôʡ
Ůֵ˻һ͸㣬Ҫģȥ׷㣬Һϲ
㲻Ů˶ࣿҹЦ
ŮĬãȻΪң㶪ˡΪίһ£ʲô
ˣҹƵ˵ͷ

Ҷ뿪ǿ֮ǡһΣĿ򡣶Ҫȥ򣬾ͱȥһطǾ׳ǡ
ֻȥ׳ǣܹ
Ϊ׳ǣһ磬ͨĽ磬ҲΨһһͨ;
ԭû׳ǵģǣʯｨһǣȻͱǵˡȻǲƱ˾ǰһ˭ԣǣҪ򣬾͵ýɾʯ
һʼЩ˿϶ǻ᲻ˬġǣʯѪɱһЩ֮û˸ҲˬˡЩʵҲˬҲΪС¶ȥʯҡϾԺҪȥġ
ΪһСµʯңȻǲġ
ԣö֮ͱʯҵˡ
ڽɾʯҶͨ׳ǵĴ̨
ǹܿ죬Ҷʧ˴̨ϡ
˲֪ãҶ۾ʱѾ뿪ǿմ͵ɨһܣʱüͷһ壬ΪܣɢŰɫЩŨЩǹⶼ赲סˡңҶ֣ʱڵȻЩͣ
ܹӰ
ҶɨһܣȻһʧԭء
ãһǳҶСǿ֮һҲǽǿ֮еġǿ֮ǲͬǣǱɫšˣ׳ԵЩʣЩء
ңҶ֣ЩɫȻܹʶ
ʶû뿪ɵľҲ޷ǰ
Щ򵥰
ҶвһЩû׳ǾЩˡ
ȷʵܴⰡ
ԭأҶĬһᣬȻһʧԭء
ûֱӾͽ׳ǣΪ׳ϿǿĽƣʵҪƵȻǿԵġǣɲ鷳ġˣ׳ǻаٶɵľʱͣȻͽײеĳȥ
һᣬҶͻȻͣȻתͷԶ֪ʱˡ
ҶԷʱԷҲڿ
㣡֮Уһ
ҶԷʱҲһ㶣û뵽Է
һ̣ҶһʳУУǽ飬ţס˽


1429 磡
ǰ˭
ҶİΪԷ֮ǰȥҪͷȡ֤ͨ
Ҷû뵽ԷԷȻǳˣŮ˵Ĳɱġ
Ҷסһæ㣬Ҫʲô
ȻǼɵҶģӦ˵ЩηҶ
ڵĶ˭֪Ҷ˳ǣɱ˶ʮλߣ
ʮλ߰
ʵڵ֪ҶħǿʱҵģԼߵľΪߵĻϿѾûˡ
û뵽ȻҶɷǣ
ôҵͷȥ֤ͨˣҶ
ҶûֱӶ֣һɣҵѾ㡭˵⣬֪˵ʲôˡ
ѾˡǸҶҪɱĻǸ϶ûʲôõġԣǻȫҶһ֮䡣
ӣǣӲҶҶٶȣ̫ˡ
Ҷûж֣ɿ˽ȻҪȥ򣿡
״ٴһɣ˵ͷȻ׼ȥ
ǺΣ𣿡Ҷ⡣
ֻΧתת
һҶȻңҲ
Ҷһʵ˵Ĳ٣ȷʵܹŮӲƴ˰
Ϥ𣿡Ҷʡ
֪һЩ
ҲҪȥ򣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
λǣʱԵһͻȻ
һҶԥ£˵ʱҶͻȻҶҶӵҶ
뿪飬ֻеŮҹԼױδ֪˵ҶôĿȻΪ塣ֻҪҶӦþûʲôҶ֡
ңڡҶⶫǺܳģɲ뱻رע
ܶʱ򣬵͵һûдġ
Ҷô˵ʱҶ˼µ˵ͷȻû˵ʲô
ǻ꿴һҶȻԭҶ֣ңԱλ֡׼һǰҶּȻҲҪȥҿһһ໥֮ҲиӦ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷҲá
ԿóʵȻֻǰ񣬵ǣǵʵǾԲ߾ǿġ
ҶҲЩЩΪܹ;ʹﵽ̶ֳˡ
ƴ
Щеƴġ֪ǳΣգǣǸ޷ġЩ˵ǲԸȥðյġҲ֤Ǿ仰ԽãԽ
ȷʵΣգǣΣյͬʱҲо޴ĻԵЩǸƴһ¡ˣȻ˵ǣûأױδ죬ħûȻǽһΪˣ
УҶӦЩ⣬û뵽ҶԸһ֮⣬ΪҶǽޣ϶ϲģΪġҲãҶԸһ˵Ȼһ¡
Ҫ֪Ҷڵʵһȫġ
Ҷ˵ǣҲкôġ֪ĺ٣Ȼ֪ı࣬ϾԷȻǿ϶׼ġеִٵģΪԵʣò
׳֮ԽǸƲ磬ԣбҪСһЩ
ܿ죬˽׳ǡ
׳ǳŲû˰أĻ˵ǣҪ˰ءΪһ˲ˣһˡң׳ǲǿ֮⣬û˸⣬ʯҵǸңûǱҪΪʵ̫̫ˡ
ʯ˵ֻҪƿסĽ㹻ˡ
׳ǲס˵Ļɸʮʮʵ൱һЩһԺӡеĽ٣ɢɢڳܣ׳ǿΪտֵһ˵ǣ׳ڵЩɫЩɫŨ
ڣеٻЩ
˵һ񣬸ĻȻûΣգǣʵ϶Ҫ󽵵ģңˣǿ϶Ҳǻġ
ЩʲôҶ
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򴫳ġǺٵģǣ֪ʲôԭԽԽд˳
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⵹Ҳǣ
Ҷ˵ͷңһҲ֪ԣֵܹģ϶Ƿǳʵġ
ԣκˡ˿̵࣬ûԼľ磬ǣû˿Ϊ߾Ͷӡ
෴ģ˲ʱĴгһ˿䱸⣬һ˿ء
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1430 ׳֮ף
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ڽŮӵǰʱŮͻȻʱҶͻȻı䣬ԭһƽֱ̣ӱһб

һŮеĵͻȻһŵҲǾһΪһ̣ҶͻȻһһֱ̣Ӱеٶж˽ųɣ
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1432 һû˵꣡
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1433 ֲĵط
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ҶĬһᣬȻһһöͲϡͲ֮ǰʱʯ߸ģӦ˵ÿ˶Сһö;ᣬֻҪ飬ͿԻشȥĽ紦ԭûȥģϾԼĵġ
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һĻҶɫԽˡ֮ǰ˽⵽Сʵδ꣬ԣֻʵǳޡȻǳޣǣǵʵǾӹɵġ˵λ棬ܹɱǵˣĺٺ١
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Ҳ˵бǸӿֲĴڣҲǿֲһ㣡
ȻڴʱͱС࣬ǣǱҶҪϺüˣҶòڿնڵԴȻʲô
ڳĬ˺һᣬȻһֻצӻ
һĻҶʱߣǰСҲħҲʵҲÿһ޶˵˻ġرǰټ˵Ĵڣǰ򣬻ûʲô˵ġ
ңҲϲ˵˻ͺñ࣬ĸϲȥ˵ģ
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ҶĻæҡͷȻצ
ڸҶߡ
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ҶһȻڣţ˴ԼΪʲôҪԴСڣȻһζǿģΪ϶õһзǹϵŪõ㣬
ϵˣԺǶ
ڳĬãȻ˵ԴӦҶȥ
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ΣյĶܸܶ࣬󶯾ȻΣյĶȻЩΣյĶԴڶвġ
ڱϣҶϴܣڸղͻȻֵǵ̶Щ£ҪԭԷӰӶû
ʱصĶ϶Ҫֵģǣ֪ʲôԭ򣬶Էˡ
Ӧ̫죬öԷ޷͵ϮԵʣ߱ʲôԭ򡣵ǣʲôԭ򣬶Էǿӹɵġ
һЩΪʲôҽˡղһĻͨߣ˵Ѿˡ
˲֪ãҶµĴ֮ͻȻ׹֣ϣҶҲüͷְ˽ϡ
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ʤ
Ҷæʩչ⣬ýһεϵΧԴ΢һЩɨһܣǣʲôҲûз֡
Ҷɫִʹʵеֲģһߣ⧲֮£ܿܶݵʧ񡣶򲻻ᣬΪִʹⷴɵ־ʹֱ̫̫ˡܹⷴס־ʹ˵ֻһ㡭
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ҶЩ޲ʱµĴͻȻ̧ǰֻצȻ͵سһġ
죡
һ̣һ棬ռ䶼Ϊ֮һţ͵һ
䣡
һɿµħڱӿȻЩ𵴶ȥЩֱӱسȥܿ죬ӿ˹
У˫Ŀɨܣʱʱһŭ𡭡
ڱϣҶͷޣһеֲġ
ڷ󣬽·̣ҶûʲôΣգҪΪڴʱѾɢԼ޵Ϣ
Ȼ˳һЩǣҶɫȴޱȡ
ҶµĴҲ䱸
ΪȻɢϢһЩΣյĶ鷳ǣͬģҲֲĶ
ı
طҶڵĸо
ò˵ȷʵеģ棬ڵʵλ棬ﲻȥȴǴСģͻȻð
һᣬͻȻͣ
ڱϣҶ˵ͻȻ̧ͷȥģӿһᣬ֪ʲôҶͫȻһ


1434 ͨúúùͨ
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ʺҶνһն
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Ҷڵǰһʯͷˡ
ʯͷ;޴ȫһֲ֪ĵɫʯͷ˫ϣһʯͷɵĸͷ
ҶɫأΪղɽǰһġ
ԼǺŵģҪٵɽûʲôѶȣҪɽԡ
ܸԷƴ
ǴʱҶ뷨
ʱҶͻȻ֣ʯ˵ĿⲢûп˴ϡ
Ĭһ˲ʯͻȻڣʯɽߣ
£ͻȻеһֻʯֱӳħǺݺһң
ǱʯҶ˻Ҫٶȼ죬Ҷֻ׹һǱʯѾ˴ڵǰ
ȻҲʾ˫צ͵ĵأȻһԾǱʯײ˹ȥ
죡
һըҶĿ֮УھȻ˵ԭλãǱʯһ׹صʯ˵У
Ҷ˫΢УҪ֣ħȴǶҡҡͷʾȱ֡תͷʯˣȻһƴʯˡһᣬʯҡҡͷȻҶ࣬뿪㻯Ϊ촷ۣ
ʱתͷҶȻצӡ
һᣬҶôˡʯɽʲôʯɽҲʯɽҲʯ˵ĵ̡ʯͻȻڷΪǽʯɽķΧ
Ҫȥİɭ֣ͱʯɽȻҲ·ǣỨѺܶܶʱ䣬Ϊʯɽܴ󡭡ħǵٶȣҪĹɽҲҪһʱ䡣ң·ĻܻΣա
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˵꣬Ĵڣڻ⣬תȥ
һĻʯ˸ͷȻʱͻȻתһĹ⳯ʯɽȥٶȼ죬գۼͳʯˣʧԶ
·
Ҷɲ·طֲָ·ָĳʲôȥҲ˷ʱ䣬ȻΪʲôҪ·ȻԷӦǣֻҪܵĿ죬ԷҺΣ
ʯˣԷʵǿڶܹһˣԷʵжôĿֲԣûѡԷӲֻǽѡ
ȷʵܵĿ죬תۼǰʯ˸˦
Ȼ˻ûϢҶɫͻȻһ䣬ΪһʯԼٶȳϮʯ̺֮ΪֲһֱӰס޷
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죡
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ͣҶͷ˿Լ֣ʱֻڴѾѿڣֱֻ۶ѾЩơ
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Ҷһ̧ͷȥֻԶͻȻһţһʯԴ˳ܿ죬ʯ˳ҶڵС
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ײһڳжȻ𣬽ţһֲཻ͵ɢҶˣֻ޸ҲԼٶȳʯ˷ȥ
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죡
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ʱʯ־ʯ͵سҶһ
һĻҶƤһ⸫ͷֲĲ̺ܹˣ˿̣ԷϢѾȫס޷ΪԷͬʱٶҲǼ졣
Ҷ׼ʱʱǴͻȻһ壬ֱײǱʯ֮ϡ
죡
ʯֱӱڸײɣҲǱسˡ
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һᣬͻȻͣ
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ת˲Ҷ˹Ȼڣǻǻȥʯ˰ɡ


1435 ͶͶ
Ҷڼʲôˣ
ҶڲԶжʮһʯˣʮʯͬһ㵲ǰ治Զ
ÿһʯϣʯȴͻҪľ޴߾ʯ󵶣
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ʱҶͻȻ˫֣ͶͶβЦˡ
ҶʯȴûйҶĻֱӾһӳ
ҶƤһɲҴ⣬һתȻνһն
˫⾳ӳֵնν
Ҳֻ˫⾳ӳֵնνܹʯ΢ԿȻǶԷĶ֡ʱʲôʽһ򷨣Ǹơ
һʮᣡ
Է಻Ǻܴܹһ򷨣̫⣬Ʋ˵ġ
ӲӲ
䣡
ײҶֱӱɣһܿͣһ̣Ҷֱӻһٶȼ죬գۼʯ˵ǰ
һ˲ɱ
һУҶѾܾûʩչˡΪеȲնν֮ʩչΪпٶȣĽӽʯˡȻԶֻܱ
ʯȻû뵽ҶٶͻȻ֮ô죬⧲֮£ֱӱҶһؿ֮ϡ
죡
ʯ˳ʮɣҶȴǱس˰ٶɣˣֱֻ۶Ѿ顭ʯǰֻǶһǣʯ˵ͣǿ

ԷվŸԸɵԷ
ȻеˣǣʵˡԷķħ岻ǿһ㣬ǿܶ㡣ħǿʱǿԼʯˣ˼ûпôӲ
Ҷ˵ʯȻŭˡԭһתȻʯɨʯ֮ռ侭Щơ
ԶҶ˫΢Уһ̣ǰ̤һ벽ԪɱӿǺܿ죬ɽͻȻţ͵ر
⾳ٽ磡
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䣡
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죡
ʯˣһˣ˰ɣˣǰЩơ
ȻˣҶɫȴǸˡְ벽Ԫ⾳ٽ磬εȵĿֲ˵εӵնνǣȴûиʯʲôʵԵ˺ʯ˵ķеˡ
ٴαҶ˵Լ˵ǰʯȻŭɽңһɹɿµĿƲӿеʯһ̿ʼתת֮£ʯΧĿռֱŤ
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Ҷֽ˽йʣһǲڱˡʩչӵնνˣȻܿûʩչˡķǺǿǣԿסʯ˵ĸͷԷѾԶ
ҶûôڰæΪһ̵Щʯ˲ûг֣ڳ֣˵˼ϻ֣ʱҪЪˡ
ȻЩʯΪʲô֣ǣʱҲܲôˡڣÿǵôסʯ˵ĴС
Զʯ֣ʱһͻȻڳ𣺡ʯԣȵȵȣ
ԣʯԵʯ˶ʱͣȻһԵʯȺҶҲĿһ󵶵ʯϡ֣ô󵶵ʯͱΧʯ΢ҪһЩվǰ档
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Ҷ˴ڱϣڻ⣬ҪߣʱǴʯͻȻ㲻ߣ
ҶҡҡͷҪȥİɭ֡
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˵ȥĻлĻᣬȥǾֻеˡµʱ䣬ںھҵʱ䣬Ҫô̵ʱ񣬺ܲʵΪŵߣϾͳ񡭡û쵽̶ֳȡ
Ҷ֣ǴʯҲ˵ʲô
ҶҲû˵ʲôŴʧʯ˵С
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Ҷ뿪ʯԿǴʯˡ
ʯԣʯҲ˴ʯˣʯʵģҲ֪ġ
ʯ˿ҶʧĵطãȻϸܵǸ˵һ˿Ϣ

뿪ʯɽҶڼǰС
ǰŨܵϡ
ò˵ԭ֮ǰȥİɭ֣ҶЩĵġڣпʵطĿֲ̫̫ˡ
ױδֻ֪İɭ֣ǣûȥӦ˵ԷʯɽûھѾûˡˣױδ֮ǰҲҶʵֻҪȪӣӦⲻ󡭡
ǣ鲢ô򵥡
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ҶһȻ̧ͷʣʣѾԽԽȻ̫Ѿʧˡ
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ãҶҡҡͷЦԼʲôʱҲηηˡ
˵꣬Ĵڡ
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ȻѾѡȥİɭˣôͲȥЩеûˡ
鷳
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ʱͻȻͣ
Ҷ⣬˵ͻȻ̧ͷԶԶʱͫȻһʧʲô


1436 ˣ죡
㣡
ڲԶ֮УƮһȭͷĻ㣬ЩͬһԶ֮ƮƮȥ
е࣬ҶУǻ㣡
Σգ
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Ҳ֪ҶЩ㵣ԭԭȻ֪
ܿ죬ҶˡȻԭľ񣬵ǣҲֻǴԼĵ̣Ӧ˵ûе̣СھΧεšΪǸҳߡСڵʵΧΣյĶ򲻹ӻǿԵġ
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˵ЩΣԭԼﵽߣҲﵽ벽Ԫڼֻħ棬λӦûʲôܹвˡǣпĸҶҲֻǱһЩǿһЩѣ
֮治Уǿ߸ӦǾϻˣ죡
УҶһȻ̧ͷԶ
ڰǰѡ
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Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻ۾һһ
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֮֮򣬶˵ЩˡΪѾȫЩ
ڣҲһٽ編кܴô
ԣ֮Ҳôģ˿̣ҹ٣պÿʩչȻܶԵУǣػǿԵģرǼϽϢһˣֲ
ԼҶһԶӶȥ
Ȼа֮뽣䣬Ҷɲ˿Ĵ⣬طޱȣ밵֮Ҳǰٷ֮ٱյġһ֣ܾʹˡ
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ʵһС򣬻ϴ󣬺ԲڻڣҶһֻƺ״СʵǺǣȴһ㲻һȣ·ɻ۵ģͨʻɫΣβϸСļ̡
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ȻԷʲôǣҶûԲеȥŶԷΪԵʣʶ޷鿴Էˣ֪Էľ硣ýֺͷ붼֪ЩԲǼ򵥵Ļɫ
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һᣬҶͻȻͣΪǰԶһԱߵЩҪ棬Ҳһֻƺޡ֪ЩʲôҾͳΪްɡ
ڵͲЩ޴󣬶ңȫǳʰɫģԱЩǵɫ
˵ֻϴ
ֻסǲǵڿסЩС
ҶͻȻͷԼһ̫ˡĿԵĻЩСȥȫԺɨλ氡Ҳֻ롣һܳɹԼˡ
ңĿİɭ֣ЩС
һŴҶһȻʧԭء
뿪ƬҶʱһطʵ̫һЩֻΧǸʲôȪӣΧﶼѾ˵ĹֲȪǱֻʲô
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棬ȷʵ棬ȥĻẦˣ㣬Ƿǳġ
˵ֻҪõ֮ˮͻϾߡ
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뿪ƬҶûڼǰ˸ط֮ǰʯɽʯ˴ս̫ȻָָҲҪָطҪԼʱ۷״̬
ڵأҶ˫΢գΧɾʯڵ
ڣȻûнǣڵһǿܵ뿴ġ
ڣϦڣϦڷҪԭ򣬾ϣܹﵽҶвҶҶĽŲ̫ˣ쵽Ů֮УֻаϾܹ
ãңٶȿԼӿ죬ҪҶôңɼ
һϦҶֻħǣʱֻħǾڵϣ̰ΧرĶ࣬˵á
ֻħнǴһ˿ǳ
ΪҶ
Ҷܲܰȫųȥǿһܴ⣡
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ղֻȷʵֹڶԷȴǲڣҲ˵Է
ĬãҶתǰߡ
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Ҷ˫΢У֮ɫⲻǹ죬еаţλ棬˵ٶܹ쵽Ӧġ
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Ҫ֪ڿð֮뽣Լġ˵վﲻĻһǰԷҲֲ
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ʱ˿̣ҶͻȻһˡ
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ڸһäŮĻᣬһ˵㣬ȥİɭְɡ
ʵⲻǿЦܹϵäŮһѰäŮİڣףطʵܹġطΣգѾԶԶʵΧˡ
ҲֻäŮּǿߣܹط졣
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Ҷջ˼Ӱʲô
˵꣬һöɽͻȻɵǰԴ׼ңպǰ磬˽佻ο׼Ҽлġ
Ҷһеɽ䣬Ȼǰ˽̣
ѡ𣿡Ӱ
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Ϊ㵽
ӰֱԲ䣬Ȼֻߣ֪ʵ϶ǿѾԽߡǣҪף߶ȥɡ
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1438 ǷŪ
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ҪôǶԷʵ̫࣬ҪôǶԷ⡣
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ŮӾ˭
ԷΪθԼ
ԼΪֲԼ֣
һϵҶʯȴûд𰸡
ĬãҶɨһܣλǰҾãǿԺú̸̸ʲôδɵԸܼ֮࣬ǲܾġԷȴǲɱ㲻²⣬ǸӰһѰİ
ȻԷûлӦ
Ҷǳ˳飬ȻЦλǰʲô˵㲻˵ô֪ҪʲôأΧȻʱʱðһֳֻ֪֪˵ģģҿԺúĵġ
ûлӦ
ҶĬãȻǰߡ
ʵڣ֪еŮӿ϶ǶûжģΪԷɱ⣬ԶԷʵ϶ʾġǣԷûСΪԷʵѾǿ޷Ӧĵز
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Ȼˣһ뵽Χи˸ţҶǻ̹ˣԷȻûɱ⣬˭֪᲻ͻȻɱˣ
ˣϣԷҿԺúģûʲôǹͨܽģ
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ԷҪĻ϶Լû취ǿаѶԷŪ
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ҶðͷЩ棬ȻᷢȥѾպԼʵǿ֮ط䡣
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Ĭһ˲Ҷҽһ̤棬˻һⵯ

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Уһܿ죬һֻ״Щ޳֮ǰҶڵλãͷƵ񣬵ǣȴǳһ˫ţĽżƣȽϳ紦һ˫ɫ򣬳֮⣬仹һֻצӣֻצӲǳڼϣǳǰ
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Ҷ֪ɽжߣֻ֪ԼƮ˽ʱûе
ʱҶͷͻȻ˺ѿţһֻצ̽˳ȻҶݺݵץ˹ȥ
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ܿ죬ղֻ޳Ҷͷû˿ķϻֱӳҶײ˹ȥҶͷһʱͻȻſͣȻҶҧ˹ȥȻҶ
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СߣΪСڱŵ¸޼ɵˡ

޷ţҲĴ桭Ҫⷽȥһ㡣


1439 
СڿǷŭޣͬʱǼȥ
ֻ޼һĻӷˡ
ʱһεͻȻѹ
ܵʱСɫʱһ䣬Ȼ˵ϣǼɵ֮ɫ
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䣡
ֱֻӱѹ˵ϣš
ǲǲǲ
ֻһĹͷλ

޲ϷһĲҽȻǹȴûʧһһѹϣʹĲɪɪ鶼Ť
ǣǹȴûʧûʧԽԽǿ
ҽвˡ
ֱӱɱǻˡϧǣǹȻΪʹ࣬ȴ
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ģģǣĵĻ˵ˡ
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ⲻӺ
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Ҷ̧ͷһۣûиǣԷȴһֱڰİңԷҲһЩĬ˿̣޳֣ʵΪ˳ͽ֮⣬һԭǾǰշ
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УҶĬþò
޿е֪خɽΪΣԨǵ׶ΣڵλжΣ֮ϣһΣҲخɽĶˡԨʲô޲֪ͬģⶥʲôҲǲ֪
ΪҲûȥ棬ûȥ档
ڣû뿪Լĵ̣ѵ
ҶʵǸɽ޵ĻشҶɫЩѿˡĻ˵ǣǧȥΣաʲôҲȥǣߵſڣͲ㱻ʲôǿϽȥ
ӣʱѾˡ
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УҶڵأʼɾʯ
֮ǰСҲֻޣԷȡ˸֣ǣС
֮ǰСսҲһЩһ˵ˣҪָƳ׻ָ
ԼСҲȻָУãкڣ˻Сˣָķǳ졣
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С񣺡


1440 ⣬⣡
ҶȻɵôȥ
ȥζűΪ֪ʲô
ԣõİ취Ķ棬ҹһսȻ󣬴򲻹Ļӡ棬򲻹ӵĻᶼûС
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ˣ
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һʼ֮ɽֱӱиûãǵͻȻʧˡ
е㲻
Ҷüͷ壬ԷѾǿܹϢŪûӦòǣԷôǿĻͳˡǣԷûгȻԷҪôΪʲôԭ޷ҪôǼɵߵݣȻǽȥ
ĽԵ޹ʧҲܺ棡
Ҷһ۴СڻС񣬡Ҫ˭ȥ
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СЩѿҶЦЦġȻöԷȥΣĪ⣬öԷȥڿӶԷ϶öԷԹ޵ġңöԷ϶ҲСǲϲ
ߣҲˡȻСѾֿµ飬Ȼȥ
ҶĻСɫʱ΢΢һɣȻʱҶȴֵǴһȥ
һΣС񣬾СɫҲЩѿˡ
ȻǸڶҲǼɵޱȡ
ҶЦµĻǾͶȥɡ
СһۣȻҶԣǿɲɵȥҶһȥðգԺ벻úûˡСҶĻʱЩ⶯ǿСڱ̬Ҳæ˹ʾҶһ
Ҳɵ
ҶСڵԴȻЦãǽȥǺηʥ񣡡
˵ţһ˴ڵıϣȻߣ
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붴Ҷ֣ɽҪ̫̫࣬ͷҲףǰ棬Ҳˣһۿͷ
Ĭһ˲ҶĴڣڻ⣬ǰ
ҶǴǣʱŸ߶Ƚ䱸
ʱһһȥҶѾ˽ʱȻûеףʱҶЩԼĽΪλûжˡΪⶴ̫ˣĽһ·ͨ裬Ѿ֪䵽ȥˡ
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ԽߣԽڣãСǣҹ˵ûʲôӰ죬ȻܹһС
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Ҷû˿ԥһ˴ڵıϣ߻⣬תߡ
ʲôǿĲǵԴǵβֻͣڲβͣ϶Ƿˮ̫ԵʣΪ̫βҪ̫ʱ䡭
ܵ˵Ҷ֪ݣɲһΪĽǴǵצӣڸղĽУûܹƿԷķʵƿôҲ̫ΪԷʹ޷
ֻٶȲǺܿ죬ˣҶӳ˶ڣ׼ʱȴǷֻ֣Ȼûг
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Ѿûˡ
ԣֻˣ
ȻȴûлӦ

ҶͻȻһ̾һֱã֮ţƵĴڣǡʵҲֻô⣬⡭


1441 ϼң
㹷ƨ
ʱһŭͻȻҶǰ𣬽ţһڹҶǰ
ڼһ̣Զֻħжʱ˼ɵ֮ɫ棬ǷǳɵģҪֶ֪Կ棬û˵棬ֱϵȥ
ħǣԶСҲǳ˼ɵ֮ɫ
ǳΣյĸо
СһҶԽҶˡ
ҶǷһĨЦݣʱȴͻȻЦСӣǰҾãڣôӣ϶ҲӲңڿҲò꣬ҾҪˣ
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ԴӸҶ鷳ԽԽ࣬ңһһ鷳еԲˡϾʵûг׻ָ
ҶڨЦЦⲻû𡭡
ݺݵصһҶûУǵСӣ˵ģҼӲˣôǻȴšҪǲĻСӸ־ǰݰֵܡ
ҶЦ֣»治ܹңԼط󣬿ɶС˵ģܵ͵;ߵǣЩһŻľã۸˰˵˵ҾǽѣЩһ裬Ȼһһΰ۸С

ҡҡͷ㲻֪޵ϰԣǶԼĵ̷ǳ⣬κ޽룬ᱻǡ
˵ţһҶֵطΪ֮ˮ
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ǣ֣ԭ벽Ԫɱ⣬벽Ԫ⣬ԽƷ׵ĽնνЩʵҲûʲô˲ġ
ʱֵΪС⣬һھ뿪ǣ뿪ھԣ߰ɡ
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1442 ĵϣ
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ҶɨһܣȻ֪Ů˾Χǣû취öԷһ취ûУ涼ֲ˶Է󣬶Էжô졣

ãǣʵòһ˶ԷȻԷ֣˵䡣
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ҶãͻȻ֣Ȼ͵ſ˾ͳҶķҧ˹ȥ


1443 в壡
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ھҶһ̣һͻȻ׹£ȻֱӺǾϡ
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ÿԶŵ΢ָһ£ǹͻ֣°ԭΡ

ʵУҶ۾ɨһܣȻ߰ɣ
Ȼʱ˷ԶŵϣԷȻôйûϵ棬ԷҲܲеʱ䡣ԷֻѡһǳɱΪԷɱôֱ꣬˲֪꣬лԷôɱ
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һʼ߼˻Уǣһ߼˰ɡ
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ܵ˵طΣգǣҲͿԼʵƷˡ
Ҷջ˼ɨһܣȻڣԶŵǰʱԶŵѾһţǽһ
ԶŵҲӲǲģǣӲͶûϵ棬棬ڣѡ˸ҽҽ˼򡭡
ҶԶŵãȻתʧԭء
ӲûϵӲ
רβ
ʵУҶ۾׼ǰ뵽ʲôͻȻһתǰտҲʲôҲûС
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ǰ֮·Ī⣬ǣҪߡ
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ӵȻҲǿȻˣҲɱЩޡ
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Ȼˣǻǲܴ⣬ûӵ˵ʵԣʹȪӣҲǷǳΣյġ
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Ҷ䱸ţЩǣǹɺʧ󣬶û˶
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1445 繷ߣ
ò˵طԽԽˣ
ҶǾ仰֮治У
ײװʲôˣ
Ҷȷʵ棬ǣȥ
ĺˣطٵΪá
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䣡
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ǿУ
ʱҶѾǵӰʵ壬һͷ˶İܣһܺܲһһԴɫĳ򣬳֮⣬βҲЩأϵëһı̣Щˡ
ɫг׹⣬ɿţҪʱ֡
Ҷ˶Էһֻۣ·вУ
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ܣͻȻһţЩ治ѿȻһӰ˳ֻһ˲䣬ٶͷܳܡ
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֮ȥʯ̨ǱߣΪ֣ʯ̨Ǳߵİܶҿʯ̨ʯ̨źܳһξ룬ڼɵʲôˣҶѡǱߡΪݣǾԸɲô೤ųİܵġ
Ҷǲʯ̨ȥЩܺǱ̼һ㣬һ񺿽Ȼͬһ㳯Ҷǳȥ
ҶǰԶʮֻܳγǰΧȻҪֹǿʯ̨
ЩΧҶһĨһֱ˿УȻס͵ذνһն
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СڻСػҶԣʱ̽䱸š
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ɱ⣿
˵һͷܵɱ⣬һͷܵɱҶ˵ҲûʲôãԼɱѾ벽ԪˣɱʲôģһöûС
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죡
ʱǰȴ̧˫צ͵˵ϣŶҶһ
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һĻҶһݣɫЩѿ


1446 ҽС죡
˿̣ҶԱЩȺһ˲˲ĶűףرЩܣҳ
׸ǻڿգܿ죬ҶЩܵע£һִֻӹײ֮˳
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ŮӿòʮӣòǺƯȴǳͿңһֺеĸо˿̣ҶڵһۼʱȻУǼһһ㡣
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ŮڹײУɨһܣдһ˿ãܿ죬һԵҶʲôط
ᣬϸź
Ҷ˶Էһۣ򡣡
ȻǰŮӿ޺ǣҶɲҴ⣬ʱ̽䱸šЦֵˣͨˣڼˣÿһͨġ
򣿡
Ůü΢˺ܾãʣʲôط
Ůʧˣ
Ҷһ۶ԷȻҲ֪ʲôطǽ򡣡
Ůüͷ˺ܾãȻҡҡͷʲô벻ˡ룬Ӧ˯̫ãѼ䶼˯ˡ
Ҷߣ뷨˯ܰѼ˯û
ʱŮӴӹײ֮Ʈ˳ŮһϮɫĳȹȹЩرΪеƣң˸ҶһַǳĸоĪи֮⣬ֵ˵ĸо
ŮСҶԭҶǰСھȻ˿Ů·
ҶɫԽˡ
ܿ죬ŮߵҶǰҶ۾գգȻռ䷨֮򣬰֮򣬶н򡭡ɪ㾹Ȼ˽ء
ҶؿһŮӣŮӡÿֲȻֱӾͿзôģ
ʱŮͻȻҶᣬȻüκҡҡͷ벽Ԫɱ⡭ɱ̫̫أմȾ̫̫࣬Ȼӵǿʵǣɱ̫أҵ̫࣬ܵӦġ
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ҶҡҡͷɱˣԣʲôӦӦģҲܣҲ¡
ŮգգۣͻȻһָҶǰܿ죬˻ȥԭˣɱ¾֮ġ˵⣬˶٣ֵɱ¾ֻỻɱ¾ֹġ
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Ҷɱû˸鷳Ϊֹ
ŮӿҶãȻֻ֪һ˵
ǰ֪֮ǰһǰ֪һ㣡Ҷ
Ůӵ˵ͷֻأǣɱ¾̫࣬ԺǺѽֻصģʹֻأ³Ҳ̫õġΪȥЩˣģɱ˶ˣͻж㣬ȻҲǶѾֻǣһУһӦԣڤڤ֮УǶġ
ҶҡҡͷӦ仰ŵģǣҸʵΪӵǿʵʲôӦӦģǸơ
˵꣬ЦЦֵˡҺеĸоǲʶҶе棬˭Ϊ
֪ΪʲôֱǰŮ˲˺ˣǣŮ˵Ľ䱸Ҳǽʧˡ
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ûо⣬Ҷ룬ȻҪȥİɭ֣ǣЩܲҹȥǺе㣬ܲ뿪ǹȥ
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ҶһŮӣŮӵݸӺˡ
ЩܣСüͷ壬ʲôãҡҡͷôЩ꣬ллǵػѣˡ
СĻֻͻȻһ£ǼġͻȻС죬ȻСĽ£ôš
Ҷɫݣǳ˼ֻܾȻԸ⳼С죬ң˵ĸԸ
ȻСȴҡҡͷܵëȻƽȣȥ׷ѰԼĵ·ɡ
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ҶĬãȻ꣬꣬һɡ֪˭ϲñɵġԣҪһϣһɵϣ˵ĲҪ֪Щޣ˯Ǽʮġ
ҶĻǶʱ¶˸м֮ɫʵǲϣģǣû뵽ҶȻԸɡ꣬ȷʵҶܻܲ꣬һܴܴ⣡
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ܵ˵ʵôиҶȻպܹõɣǾ͸ˡ
УҶɨһܣȻС죬СҵȻ飬ȸˡ
һѽСЦ

Ҷס
һ߰Сֵ
Ҷ˹㣬һߣ
С˵ͷʧˣ֪Լ˭ҼĵһˣȻǸ㰡
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻСҪȥĵطΣգǳΣգԣ㻹Ǳȥĺá
ȻŮ˸ţŮĺܣţ̤ܲʵȻԷĸоǺУܺƣǣΪŲ̤ʵΪ̫ˡ
ⲻҸΣ𣿡С
СЦˡʵ˵ǻȪǱ߹ƶȥáҶȻСʵǣʣԷʵ϶ǿȻҲһ۾Ϳĵˡ
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СҡҡͷҲܣ
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ʱСͻȻƮҶǰȻָָָҶǰЦеǸ硭

Ҷëˣ
Ů˾Ȼ֪硭Ȼ˺


1447 С½
ʱҶ𾪵Ըӵġ
Ϊû뵽С쾹Ȼ֪һ磡
׼ȷ˵粻ڣںڣԷ֪磬ҲζţԷ֪
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Ϊʲô˿Сգգۣʡ
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ҶĬãȻҪȥԣǣȻشҸ⡣
ʣСЩ˷ܡ
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СգգۣȻҶ󣬹һᣬתͷҶ㿴𣿡
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ҶһС죬ȻܹܲܰʣΪʲôҪңҪʲô
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СգգۣȻรҸղŶܺ棬ԣҺ֪ʲôˣȻоͳ飬ЩƬΣ磬ʲô飬ǣȫֻһЩƬΡһ֪࣬ǣԴе㲻ˡ
Ҷһе찡춼޷ֲˡ
СֵʵӦûڵġǣȴǻڡ񱻸ı䣬˵Ĺȥǣûиı䣬ɷǵˡһǻʮġ
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˵⣬Ҷ񣬻ܾĥѣǣӭѶϣ߳Լ·ԣ񲻽ûгΪĸ׸Ϊ
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С΢΢һЦҿĳ翵ĶһмˣҲǣֶŵУŵˣȻҲУǣֻҪԼţʵ൱ûеġܵ˵ǿߣԼˣ
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ʵǰŮ̫أ̫죬ǲģǣǶ룬ԷúҲûл֮ԴӦԷԭһǶԷѾ֪Գ磬¶Է
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죡
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ãͻȻ˷ܵûɱ¾ûսûûһжõġ̫ˡԺҪסԺͽУͽС½
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1448 Źײˣ
С½
Ҷߣʲô⣬ռȵ
ҶСǰȻҵ硣
СգգۣȻЦе֪ѽǣʲôϵأֲġֻסء
̫ðɣҶί
ŮȻ޺ǣסʵ˵ġ
ҾúܺðС
ҡ
ҶɫЩѿŮɵ棿Լ֮⣿ߣװɵ
ҶҡҡͷСҾͲĨˡأҲ㣬ԣס
Σ˵Ĺֱףˡ
ม
С˵ͷųββҪʧʱͻȻ̧ͷҶðѽҲͺ𣿡
Ҷ
ʱСߵҶǰ˫ֱȻ΢΢Цеף໥ģģҲҵģҲ㣬ӽԺǻΣ񣬶˵ѣԺˣ
ҶһС죬Сװɵݣǲò˵ݼ޵еġǣ˵ĻһжǷģôõġ
˵ǰС첻װɵ
£Щ֪ôˡδСԸˡǿӲȻ˵ܣ˭֪Ǽ١ңԷֵĺϣԷǿƣ̬Ȳãǵðˡ
ƫƫԷ̬ȼá˵ҶǳӲˡңҾ㣬㲻ңҾŪ㣡
СѾûйҶҶǰ˫΢գ̰Χ
ϲ
ҶһС죬оóԷĺϲ
ʱСͻȻ۾Ҷĺܺءûзû棬ûûһжʵġһֱסڳȥˡòã
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СƮ˵ͷ֮У̰һʼΪ˸ıˣǿϢϵǣԣԱ壬ū۱壻ӶᣬӶءһһȥǶô죬ǣû𣡡
ʵɣҶҳϣ˵ģǶԵģǣ壬Ͷǰúƽ𣿡
Ҳģ
Сԣ硣ڣ磬ѪζжϢˡ
ҶĬãȻϲǾɡ
ʵֻҪںڣͲ¶ԷʲôֽšȻ֮ǰܾ룬ǣͨһ£ȴǲֹȻҲΪûΣգȻͨ϶ġ
ʵ벻׵ǣΪʲôһҪֹС
ʹǣûеõ𰸡
ʱСͻȻߵҶǰȻһָҶǰ֪ҸܵõǣȴǱûϵԺҸ㣬ҽôһˣ
Ҷ
С˵꣬ȻߵԶԶŵǰԶŵĲʱСһĨۣҪȥʱҶȴͻȻǰȻһξ룬Σա
Сȴҡҡͷûϵģҧҵġ
˵ţƮԶŵǰʱԶŵ۾һС죬ܿ죬֣Ǻܿ죬Ҷ֣Ĩʧˡȡ֮һ˿桭
СԶŵԴȻתͷҶɲԷ
Ҷҡҡͷ
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һĻҶؿһС죬Ů̫ˡȻ֪Զŵ֮ԴӦ϶ΪСԵʡ
ʲô
ΪõЩ޶ôӣ
ҶûʣΪҲʲôСҲǰһæԶŵİҪİɭֵĻܶܶࡣϾһͷޣرǴʱˡ
СԶŵԴȻתͷҶȥæɣ浽䣡
˵꣬һֱƮԶһʧҶС
ԭأҶĬһᣬȻʧ˳С
ֻҪԷڣͿʱҵԷ˵СһһƤӵ¡ˣҲ¶ԷˣʲôС
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Ĭһ˲Ҷó죬Ȼһǹײ֮ϡ
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Ҷٴα˳ȥһΣû֣õȫΪǷ̫õֻұ۶ʱûйԼұۣǿǹײģ棬һϸСĽۡ
һĻҶ΢΢ͷ鶼޷ƿףδֲ̫һЩȻֲ鶼ֻһۣңۻرǳⲻһӲ
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ôϢʧˣͺûгֹ
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ʱҶŷ֣Լ֮ǰײвȺǶôЦ˵Ǹף
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ΪСģС˵ˡ׶İɲһĴ󰡣
Ҳˣ
Ļ鶼ֻܿһǳӡؼʱ̣㵽ȥ˭Ƶף
˵Ļײôأһײȥ֮ǰʯɽʯ˹ƶñұ⣡



1449 壡
ȻײǱǣȴǲá
Ϊ޷߹ײġûϵãֻҪǸвڽ𾳣ʱ϶ʹס߱׵Ӳȣøʮ϶
Ϊ޷ᶯ߱ףˣҶС죬Сڵ֪ҶҪ׺󣬷ǳ󷽣ֱӰѱ͸ҶҰҶᵽ˺ڡ
ҶСĺøжȶʱֱ
˰
ҶȷʵǸмģΪ׿϶Ǹ˵ıСô󷽵͸ˡüͷûһ£
Ǵˣ
ҲǺкñɡ֮ǰС콻񣬱Ĳ˵׿϶Ǳˡ
֮Ҷǰߡ
ƣİɭӦǿ쵽ˡ
֮ˮ
Ŀģ֮ˮõˣǺãʱɿˡûеõǾ鷳ˡ
ȻǰҲǣǶǺأʱͻƣһΣڸսʱʹǺӽͼңһμ̫ˡ޷ȥʵ
սߣҪ񡭡кڣҲô찡
ϾǳԷ˵ͽģ
ȻԶŵļ룬ǣҶɲҴ⡣ط͸Ź죬ֵˣޣ̫ǿ󣬾̫졣д⣬ܾܿٲ
˴ԼʱҶ뿪ƬɽΪ֮ǰСԵʣˣһ·ûκεΣգڼֻܣǣǼֻֻŭûж֡
˱ɽ֮֮ǰЩֳˡңǰŨˡ
ϣ
ò˵һǳĶţ涼޷ȥܴһԭЩϡ
ϿߣʶЩ˺ܴ鷳رһЩʶˣΪϹӣӡЩ϶޵ӰȴôΪЩѾϰˣ
ˣȫƵġ
ȻûϣҲֲáһһǿֵ˸һһ졭ʵҶ룬ãǸνĴҲһֲ
УҶջ˼Ųӿ졣
ôֲҪȥ

ãҶͻȻ֣ΧϾȻԽԽҶӿŲ˲ʱ֣ΧЩѾˡ
ͬʱǰԶһСׯׯɽһۿȥԿׯڵķݲʮң֮Զиһ֮⣬ЩݿҲܹϡ
ׯ
Ҷüͷطָׯܲ
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Ҷɫ΢䣬ͣ˽ŲûתϢʲô
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Ҷüͷ壬ȻǰߣȻֻϵͻȻһصʱϣõ޷ڳǰ߰벽
ҶҡҡͷУ˵仰ô𣿡
ʱϵͻȻʳָʳָָķСׯ
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㾿ҪҽȥʲôҶ
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Ҷҡҡͷ㲻˵ǲġһǸӣȥǵӣ
Ůӻû˵һֱҶļϡ
ҶĬѾ붯ˡǣĿܷǳ󡣶Է̫죬һɱԷǾԻجΣΪԷڰ͵ϮĻǵסġرǴʱʩչ£
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һᣬͣʱҶҲ׶Էͼˡ
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Ůд֡
Ҷ⣬ΪŮ˸϶ĿĵģʶԷȻԷҪæ
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Ůֶˡǣȴֻд֣æ
æԺǲǲڸˣҶʡ
ŮҶдһ֣ǡ
ĬãҶã㡣˵꣬תԶׯȥ
ʵǲģΪʲôֱæܲôðû취ʱҲðﰡȻŮ˿϶һֱƫƫԶԷ޿κΣ
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ҶһһŴׯȥׯĸоŮ˸ĸоһ졣һۿȥûһûһ㶯͸һɻ֮ԽԽԾ֡
棬ȫģǣ򰡣
繷߰
ԽԽׯҶӿɫ䱸šʱѾýԼȻˣǻǲҴ⡣
ܿ죬Ҷ˴ׯſڡ
壡
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ҶҴ⣬ǰߣϣžޱȣû˺磬ҶȴǸоһɭ亮⡣
ΪûϵԵʣˣҶĽԼʶ˳ȥܿ죬ʶɨΧЩݣ֣Χķڲûˡ
˴壿
ҶüͷʱŮ˵ַļϣȻһʳָָǰ棬˼Ҫߡ
Ĭһ˲Ҷǰߡڼ䣬ʶɨΧЩݣǣûзκε˻ޡʱѾȷ壬һ˴塣
ʱȷʵܺ棬ŮҪʲôæŮ˵ʵ϶ӹɵģԷʵǲǿ档ֻǣԷʵȻ˵ĿֲΪλҪæ
һ㣬Ҷ˼⣬û취ŮûӦ˵Էֻǰߣ֮⣬˵
ܿ죬Ůӵָʾ£ҶѾ߳˴ׯŴׯ󷽵Ĵɽȥڼ䣬ҶʹŮӵҪʲôǣûеõӦΣֻܼߡ
һᣬͻȻҶ̧ͣͷԶ֮ɫ⡭Щʲô


1450 ǰ꣡
ҶǰԶɽ֮ϣˣŮ٣һٶˡЩˣȫۣŮ٣ѩİۣЩɽϣķƣЩһԲȦЩȫԲȦڡ
ԲȦĳֹתţŷԲȦתһ˿˿ɫϳЩӿȥ
Ҷ֣Щ˵˫۶Ǳŵģûڳ˯
Щʲôˣ
Ϊʲôᱻ
Ҷüͷ壬ʱֻϵͻȻƵȻʼ
ȣ
Ůֻдһ֣ȡ֡
ҶɽϵЩƣĬȣ¿϶ûô򵥡ֻǵľȣŮӵʵӦǲҪæġǣԷȴҪ֡£ܲ
ʱŮӵֿʼ

һΣŮֻͬдһ֣֡
ҶĬãȻָһһƽǷȦȦȥȻƽȦȦвɵľʱǷȦȦͻȻתţһͻȻɽٶȼ죬ֱӺҶƽ֮ϡ
䣡
Ȼ飬Ȼȴǲδʧ˲䵽Ҷǰ
Ҷ˫΢УһȭȻȭͷȥһ̣ǷȦȦͻȻתţһͬһ㳯Ҷܼȥ
Ҷɫһ䣬벽Ԫɱ뽣ڱӿȻЩ˹ȥ
䣡
һըҶֱӱˣ˲Ϣ䣬Ҷ±ص֮ǰĴС
ͣһ̣ɫٴһ䣬Ϊķ֣˿̵Ľ£֪ʱķƣͬɽϵķһҶʶһɨ֣ׯĵ涼ַơ
⣡
ҶͷȻµЩԶɽϵķȦȦʼתһ̣ͻȻɽ֮мͬʱĵ֮ͻȻ
Щҹա
Щ˲ཫʱŽʧֹ˲ʱЩƵתٶȲŻָ
ʱλã֪ʱһ߱ס˺һᣬ׹׸ǻ򿪣ţҶ
ЩʧҶһղŲ군ˡЩǳǿÿһһ߾ǿߵȫһǸղڹؼʱ̣Сѱװղſ϶Ѿˣ
ʲôôֲ
Ȼܺ棬ǣûʱȥҶСѱս˺Ȼתߡ
ȻҪ߳ʱֻͻȻֳļϣߡ
ҶһȻ㿴ˡǸʲô󣬸ֵܹġԣǸȻҲȳǣǣΪ
ֻƵıȻʼд֡
ܡ
Ůд֡
ܸ
ҶЩջˣղҲˡҸղŲͱ˰У㣬㣬ȥұвУʵΪ
Ϊ֣ҲҪ£ҪΪףղžʮġͨһε飬ױĻҪǿ󰡣ôĺ£׾Ȼһ¶ûС
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УĬһᣬŮӵֿʼҶ
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ʱŮӵֿʼˡ
ģҶɫޱΪŮ˵˵Ǹô׻Ҫã
ȱ׻Ҫã
ò˵ҶЩĶˡ׵ǿѾ̹ġڶԷȻ˵Ǻô׻Ҫã˵ǱѾԿȽˣҪ֪ҲֻǱȽһЩѰ
ԽƷ׵ı
ҶȷʵĶ
ǣǸ󷨣ֲ̫
ãҶҡҡͷãòаǸһһģڵʵӵնνһܹƵҪǣΧ󷨣һ֣Щ󷨶
ʱֻͻȻɿҶļ
ҶһɣԷǷˡʱһͻȻǰȻȻҶûڵСоͻȻתȻȻӾֱӱ˺ڡ
Ҷס
æڣսͿС죬ղǿӴʱƯСǰ
ҶһǴʱϸϸӵС죬ȻĿϣֻȭͷСȫɢŽɫĵ⣬е֮еҹ顣ûʲôĵط
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飡
С쿴ҶŪģǸö
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С˵ͷɲһ飬ңһ顣Ҹղſһ£棬ӵ൱һ
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ʱС̶ֵ֪رǴﵽߺҪͻƣҪǷǳӴģ֮ϵǿ߾͸˵ˡҪҪüʮſԡΪʲôҪԭΪԽ࣬ǽĻԽ󡣡
˵ţҶڣ˵Ժܳܳܳһʱ㶼Ҫˡ

ҶЩʧ̫ôģܹʵĶ
֪Ҷ룬Сֵ֪Ǳǹײļһ𣬶û󡣡
ΪʲôҶ⡣
С΢΢һЦ֪ԺôҪԺǵĸǵ
Ǻܶ𣿡Ҷ
Ǻܶ࣡
СɫͻȻǣڶ࣬ҲķӶᡣǣ壬ֻ֪ȡûˣͻһ硭޾ġгʧһ졣
˵꣬Ҷûô𣿡
ҶһС죬㲻ʧ𣿡
С˵ͷǣܶණ׵ĳС
Ҷ
û磬ɳĮܻҡ
Сǰ꣡
ҶһС죬СŮе㱯ˡ
ʱС콫ƵҶǰúñܰɣĻԵӲֹô򵥣бôԺͻ֡
˵꣬תСһƮһƮƮԶ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
ʵУҶ۾Ϊַֻϣһ£Ȼڽˡ
ҶɫЩѿΪ֣Ȼ޷黹Է
ôˡ
ˣ˵ġ


1451 ˣã
ˣ
һ⡣֮ǰѡ񲻾ȣڣҲþȰ˭к˼Ӹأ
ǣôȣ
Ǹһ߶ûɽڣѾˣ
Ĭһ˲Ҷ취òã
Ҷ£ŮӵֶʱɿļȻԸʱ䡣
ҶڣȻʼ
֣˼ˣͲԹ۰취һ¡
ûлӦ
ҶֵҲˡ⣬һ˶סԣҲ
ûлӦ
ҶߣȻ㲻Ҳԣӻ˼ңǶóˡ
ûлӦ
ҶŰŪǣȴǾͲȻǺֽš
ҶɫЩÿˡ˺ôȴֲԸⲻˣ
ĥӲݣǲӦΣҶֻܷˡȻҵС졣
СǷȦȦúȻĶҶ˵㵽ߣͿƵˡ
˵꣬ܵȥˡ
УҶʯԭءߣҲ֪߾ͿƵ˰ǣڲ߰
߻װ
ڣ˿϶ǲеģ˼ҶȴˣôҲ˵ȥң˼ҿ϶Ҳưոݵġ
ǣҪôȣ
ڻ첻ˣҶ뵽һǰ취İ취
Ҷɽ·ǷȦȦãֲָŷȦȦһһָ⼤ٶȼ죬˲ͺǷȦȦ֮ϡ
䣡
һɽ˲佫Ҷǵ飬ͬʱһһǷȦȦ֮ͬһ㱩ˣǴ֮ҲͻȻĹЩȫҶ
һĻҶƤһȻСѱ׷˳ţֱӶ㵽˹ײ֮С
䣡
Уһ쳹
ԼһʱҶӹײʱǷȦȦѾָĬһ˲ҶָһһƽֶǷƹȦȥ
һУæ˽ȥ
Уٴγ֡
һжָҶð˳Ȼַһ߶󷨣ţ˽ȥ
ģ
ҶĲǰ취İ취ģ
ģкľһ̣ر󷨣ǼΪġҪľǺĹеĹ⣬󷨾ͳ׷ˡ
ò˵취ЩҺܺʱ䣬ǣû취뵽ľ취Ϊʵ޷Ӳ󷨡
ʵ취ҲܹˡΪбף׿Կס󷨵ĹȻʵﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣȻҪӲãǸʯɽʯ϶ס󷨵ķ񹥻
ʯȴܣ
ңµǣʱĹܲһ𵴶ûУ
ֲ̫ˣ
ʱӺСˡС֪ܶ飬ǳĶ࣬ң֪˭Ϳ֪˭ȱ׵ķҪֲ
ã˵⣬ֻ֪һţȻǾ͸ֲˡΪ˭ǰ͸Ƶġ
µǣЩ޷ǳĸӡʹǸ߰ԶŵҲӡҪ֪һں¶ûѡͶȻһ仰˸߰ͷ­
ôãԷùϵûдġ
УѾû˶Ҷ˳ȻԶķԲȦʱǷȦȦϵЩѾһЩһĻҶһϲ֪ԼķЧ
ʵ֮ǰЩĵģܹԶṩ󷨣Ǿˡڣ󷨲ǡҲ˵ֻҪļΣ󷨾ͻϡ
뵽Ҷָһһƽ֮ǰһδǷȦȦǰֱӱޡ
һĻҶæ㵽˹ײ֮С
䡭
棬һʵЩΪڱɵģǣڹײڵҶ˿оֻϸĸ£ܹܵһ𶯡
һ̣Ҷãʲôħ壬ʯǰΨһȽϿϧǣܿʯףȻԺ˽֣һȥ԰ѶԷұ⣡

˲һʱҶִӹײ˳ʱǷȦȦ֮ǰӰˡ
һĻҶһϲ֪֮е϶Ҫˣ

Ҷٴηһ
Լ˰ʱ󣬵ҶٴηһʱֱӺǷȦȦ֮ϣҶע£ɽھһȻЩȦȦȻڣǣȴûκεķӦ
Ҷ֪ڵѾĹˡ
ʱЩɽϵͻȻϻ˵Ůӳˡ
ҶһЩˣЩһе㲻һ˴⣬òҲ޷ȷе˵ﲻһЩ˸ĸоǲһࡣ
Ҷûж࿴תȥ
Ѿˡɲȥκ飬ڸϽ˦Է
˵һ£һ£
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ŮҪЩ˾ѣ
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Ůӵļڹ
Ҷ˵ͷȻһСŮǰַСŮԴϣţںԷԡ
֪Щôˡ֪޷ЩѵĻЩ˻ûˣ
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СŮҶգգۣͻȻץסҶ֣硭
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֣Ҷһůһ̣뵽СҶ΢΢һЦûˡ
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ͷְҶļʱҶʱоһصĴԣţԴһֱ˹ȥ
ˣð
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1452 壡
֪˶ãҶ۾
ˣʱһҶ
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Ҷ˫΢գһԼ壬֣ûʲôã۾СŮͷΪʲôҳ֣
˵īүү
СŮ¶˸õЦݣīүү˵㾫߶ȽҪϢһ£˯أ˯죡
Ϣһ£
ԣҶɫ΢ɣԭԷҪ֡߶ȽʵԷҲ˵û֮ľһֱţĳһ̣ʱʱ̶̿š
Է˵ûȷʵǸϢһ¡ǣڣôϢ
˲ŸϢ
ʱСŮסҶ֣īүү˵ˡˣʹȥ
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С裡СŮһЦ
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ҶС뿪˷䣬СĴ£һ俴ܲƵĴС
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ͷĬãȻǲ壬塣
壿Ҷüû𣿡
磿
΢΢һ漴ҡҡͷȷʵԴ磬硣
Ҷ˫΢УǰǲƬˣ
ͷ΢΢һЦЩѾҪˡҰѻ˵⡣ģΪһЩ飬Ǳ͵һλǿߵ֪ϢΪ˻ϵһȫӡܾǰÿһʱ䣬ͻҪǣ֪ʲôԭûˡʱķӡǲòԼ˯ԴԼڵ
˵˶٣ֵǶ֪ȥǰ취ΪǿܱӡǡԻǸ󷨣ȻѰҽǵİ취

ҶŮӣ
ͷ˵ͷ˵⣬ͷһĨʹ࣬ܳţҲһ壬δǰ;޿ǣûа취ΪֻڻԼ֮󣬻ܹ峤ʱϣ
壡
Ҷüʹ壬Ҳҿ
壡
ͷ飬У֮⣬ֻʵǳǿ˲ܹʵˣԣ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷֵǰһҲףǷӡǵǿߣʵ϶ԶǣȻˣΪʲôѱｻԴ˻ȡ˵ĺƽأ
ͷ΢΢һЦǽȥˡڣͿˡ
ɱڣ
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ʱͷֵȥԻȡ˵ƽҲǱģҲû˵󣬸û󡣵ǣҺУһҪľɱǡΪҪǴ˳ȥ鷳ԴԴϣ
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ͷҡҡͷ̰ԭǸܵģֻǿЩСһһ˵꣬ҶҲܸ̫࣬ΪǶûʲôôҪȥİɭ֣ܹߵҪǸطӦò̫ѡֻǣǧҪһ㣡
˵⣬ͷɫޱأȪӡ
ΪʲôҶüȪӣֹһˡ֮ǰ·ǿҲȪӡȪǱߣʲô˵Ŀֲ
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Ҷ˵ͷûоͷҽڣΪѾ̹Щ޵ı̬ˡֻҪǵĵ̣ǲʲôԭģϸɣ
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ʵղ˵ģҲǿЦɡΪ岢ǷʲôȻ˼ңǣ˼Ҳ꣬꣬ᡣܵ˵˫˭Ƿ˭
ʱͷõ֮ˮܻܲһˣ
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ͷЦݸʢһһöĴָСӳУӵݵҶǰ飬һԲ㵤ڵӦа
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ͷһ飬ȻƤЦⲻЦ£ġʱûˡ㵽ʱҿԶһЩ
ãҵʱһҶæͷ
ͷ


1453 û٣
Ҷû峤ī𡭡ҲǳͷħãҶֱ뿪壬Ȼǰ
Ůӵ󣬲ò˵ҶһЩ
ΪҲõʱ̸һˣ
ȻʱһֻͻȻֳļϡ
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Ҷ彩Ӳסת˲ЦЦī㲻ỹʲô°ɣ
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˵꣬ҶҪߡ
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ҶʣīȴͻȻ˿ҶûʣΪ֪ԷѾ뿪ˡ
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Ҷ˼⣬ԼʲôѵǿԼ
Ҷҡҡͷĵ뷨ǰпܣϾԼͦԵģڣΪԵʣѾ׷Բԣ׷Ҳ࣬Էôܿ
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˲֪ãҶͻȻͣΪе㲻Ծ
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ҶЩ⣬ת˲ȻЩޣԼ츳ͨСҲУ츳ͨơȻǱӼŭˣʹԼĴˡ
ҶԶķӣղһȻֲ̫ʱھҲţе׳ۡǣһĨ죬Ȼղȫһõˡ
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УҶԽԽľΪӵʵʵڳ޵ʵСдǶҪǿࡣ˵ֻȵһЩѡǣӾȻܹԷӲӲŰѣ
ǰ
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ڿд󺰣֣ɾʯ
УĬһ˲һͻȻڳ𣺡ɾʯ
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ҶĻǷӱ齩ס漴Цǳû١


1454 ӣ
죡
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ǰӲǻȪӰɡ


1455 Ʒʲôܳԣ
ԽԽľ
ҪǻȪӣǿɾͲڼǰ˰
ȻԼʵģǣȪӡ˵ĸ룬ǲҲµġҪ֪Щǿˣ̤Ȫ֮󣬿ǶûڳʹģҲǹ˵ġ
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ܿ죬ҶС
һ׹Ҷһ㱣ܿǻָָ󣬳гѾˡʱһСңʮɣһֲ֪Ļɫʯϣ鲼ҶδĽɫơ
ҶջĿ⣬ԶڲԶһߣߺǿݣùòΪȵݣߵٿЩֲر˫۵λãۿ͹еã
ߵ˫ŵ˫ϣֱһɫһǽڡ
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ҶһϵЩɫȻҡҡͷǰĪ˵Цˡǰʵͨ죬ǰ޷ƵҾ͸˵ˡǰҲˣҲߣȻͬУȽϿԣǣǰǰǺǣҾͲ˵ԼĻˡ
Ϸȥأ˵ô죿ߵ
Ҷ˫΢УҪҳȥǰ
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ͻȻЦȥˣ㻹𣿡
Ʒ֤Ҷһ
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ĵطǰʵ϶ǳģѾԽˡǣԷȴ޷
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ôԸ⣿ߵ
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ҶɫͻȻϹԼ˰㣡
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1456 һֻ·
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ڼʱͻȻ۾˫ۻǣ񣬴˿̣Уһ˿𾪣Ȼû뵽Ҷܹôֲһ
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û̫࣬˫ֻú͵سžһӡ
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ֻأҶüѾֹһ˵ˡرֻһ˵ûֻزֻأ̫ңԶһòġ
߳Ƭ̣ȻҼ򵥵ĸ˵ˡ߾ߣΪΣҲУֻءоǲʱ䷨͸йˣΣǲܹһ㣬ﵽ֮ϣֻؾ
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ߵһ޻ǧʱ⽣ĿΪնֻؾǿߡ
նֻؾǿͣҶüֻؾ͵𣿻ǧʱȥо⽣Զ˰ɣ
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Ҷ˵˵ǽޣе棡
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ţͻȻ
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Ҷֱߣ㻹ѡ𣿲ûѡֻѡңȻҲѡȡһ·Ȼڰ룬һ죬һܹˡ
߿ҶãȻң귢ģڣҡ
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߿ҶãȻ࣬ϷԲã඼ˡ룬´ʱϷӦܼˣ
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΢΢ҡͷ֪Ϊ֪ģѾˡƬĽأǣǸطڵĽء
Ľأ


1457 ̰ԭ
Ľأ
Ҷû뵽ڣȻҲнأأǻȪǱߡ
Ǳ߾ʲô
ҶԽĺˡ
Ҫ֪ǰͷʵǳԽߵģȻԷߣǳԽߵĳǿߡǣʹǸطҲǼɵѡǱǺεȵĿֲ
Ǳߵʲô
ҶûʣΪ֪Ҳʲͷ˵֪ģѾˡ
Ҷջ˼һߣһ棬Ϊʲôᱻ
߳ĬһᣬȻ̰ԭ
̰ԭ
Ҷ˫΢У仰Ǵ峤Ҳ˵ʲô˼ҶҪʣȴǰ˰֣߰ɡ飬ûҪ֪
˵꣬˫ۻ
״Ҷûʣµ˵ͷȻʧԭء
ҶߺͻȻ۾ҶʧĵطãȻǸ
˵꣬˫ֻ

Ҷ뿪ˮףˮ̶ԣҶ·ãȻתȥ
̫ǿֵˣС죬֮ǰӡӣ壬ͷЩˣʵǿ󣬶һһһع졣
Щ˾ЩʲôˣΪʲô˵ǿ󻹱ڴˣ򵽵һʲôڣ
֪̫̫ˡǣûд𰸡
ڣҲûʱȥЩڵ֮İɭ֣Ȼõ֮ˮ˳õ֮ˮξǲˡҪ֪Ȼһ·ǵսľģǣõıҲǺܶడ
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һĻһԵСǶʱҡҡͷ֪һпͷˡ
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˵ûʱԷģûϵԷģԷܲ
˲֪ãҶͻȻͣȻ̧ͷʣ֮ϣһ¡

ҶüͷôܿüɨһܣȻʱ֣ܵϾȻ֮ǰҪ࣬ʱЩϣƮƮģ̣һҲӰߡΧƽԭһۿͷǿ
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ܿ죬Ҷͷûͣ£ǼԶȥȻҶϿʱͻȻͷһҶλá
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ҶûӣԷӣУĮӣ׵׵Įӣһڿһһ
ܿ죬ջĿ⣬Զȥ
Ҷʼ磬ȻܲˬǾ񣬵û취ܲȥԷһٰɣϢֻҪԶŵҪǿģԷӦڱһ㣬Զŵǿһ̶ֳȡ
ʵ˵򲻹˼ҡԣԷֱҲ⣬Ҳڽ֦
ջ˼Ҷǰߡ
ܼʲôʱôˡʲôú
˲һʱҶͻȻͣԶһĨ˷뼤ΪǰԶһƬïܵɭ֣һۿȥĹЩһĸߣÿһŶнɣ
İɭ֣
ҶǺȷ⵽ǲİɭ֣ǣӦþˡҪȷһ¡ɨһܣȻһʧԭء
ܿ죬Ҷɭ֡սɭ֣ҶһָоС˿̣оԼǳСΪΧЩ̫ߣ̫ˡɢһЩҶͱ˻Ҫ࣡
Ӧþİɭ˰ɣ
Ҷֹţطǲİɭ֣ЩȷϾûʴǣͬȷΪҲû
ɨһܣȥ
һ·ϣҶӿ䱸šеһͻȻʲôȻһֲطȫпܵġԣ˿и
ȻҶЩǣһ·ϣ˵ޣһֻӶûС

ǳİ
ܲ
ʱҶͻȻüͷһ壬̧ͷԶһ˲ͻȻؿʼҲţָͻȻԶ֮д˳
޺ܶ࣬ʲôĶУЩͬһ㣬
һĻҶɫһ䣬æԼһӰ
ڣЩǺܸϣûзҶϸһۣЩʵǿͺܶ࣬ҴʶġҶ֣УǴһ˿ɵ
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ҶüͷܰЩ޶ǿ߾ǿߵģңô࣬ʲôܹ׷ǷӴܣ
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Ҷɫˣ
ʱ˿̣ѾȷǱ߿϶Ƿʲô飬˵ʲôЩ޷ǳɵӦ˵ǳηĿֲڣȻЩ޲ʧ̬˷Ƭɭ֣
ʱ뵽֮ǰֻ
ֻҲܡ
ʱҶջ˼ȻԶֻԶһӰѸٳ߸Ӱٶʵ̫ˡ쵽տԷѾǧ֮ȥˡûпԷӡ
ܿ죬ǵӰͻȻ۷ȻҶǰԷʱҶ˫۶ʱԲ㣬㡭


1458 
ǰ˭
ǵҶս׳ʱǸŮӣʱԷǲһɱġˣŮӣӡΪ̡
ô뵽Ȼ˶Է
ԷҲˣ
㣡
ŮҲһĨ죬ȻҲû뵽Ҷ
ôҶʡ
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Ҷһ
ѰУŮӵ
ҶһŮӣò˵֮ǰ͹˶ԷʵŮܹ򵥣ǳĲ򵥰
Ҷջ˼ȻʣҿǱܳ㣬ޣǱǲǷʲô飿
Ů΢΢ҡͷҲǺΪҲû룬Ҳ޷룬̫ˡױ֣˵⣬ҶıºǿղҶûз㡣
ôҵģҶʡڶԷҲЩġ
ȻŮȴҡҡͷܸ㡣
Ҷʼ磬ֵһ⣬İɭ𣿡
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ŮӵǰȻнǣδ룬ǵһΣҲһΡ˵̫Σգڵʵ룬пܻزȥ˵⣬ҶΪһЩԭ򣬲ܹߵû뵽ҲܹߵĻҪǿպлᣬǶҪսһս
лĻдд裡Ҷд裬ҲǷǳģΪ֪ԼĲ㣬ԼǰŮӣõ֮Уǿġĵ̫̫죡
رǵ٣ļ£
Ů΢΢ͷȻҪǰȰһ䣬ǰˡȻҲ֪ʲôõЩ˵ļɵϧԼĵ̣ǣʣǾԲǴʱܹģ
ҶЦЦл⣬һǾǰ
ŮӿһҶȻ΢΢ͷףˣ
Ҫȥ𣿡Ҷʡ
Ů΢΢ҡͷҪ˵أȻޱȣҲŻԣҾڵҵٶȣֳޣȻһɱҡ
Ҳǣ
Ҷ˵ͷŮ˵ٶȣһĿ죬˵ٶȷ棬Ҳϲ϶ԷڣЩ׶ԷΪʲôܹˡ˶Էǿʵ⣬һǾǶԷٶȣ
ŮҪӣҲٶȲ׷ϣ
ʱŮӵһ飬ʹ˸ˡ
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Ů΢΢ͷ˵һֱʧԭأٴγʱѾ֮⡣ٶȿ쵽壬Ҷ壡
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ҶһС죬ȻС죬ʵңǲ塣ʵͻˡΪЩޣʵ̫СˡСҲǷǳչЩޣˣɶԷҲģ
СҡҡͷҲ֪Լʲôġ
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ʱСߵֻǰȻ޵Դûµģ͸ͺˡͿˡңȻɷ񣬵ǣȴҲˣ˵ҲһλԵ
޿һҶֿһС죬ûôԥ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
һĻҶؿһС죬ŮӣһĴ󰡡Ǻϳ᲻ӣϧһʱ޷ˡ
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λ˵ݣǶʮλ߾ǿ߶ģΪСţԶŵǾܹһģ棬Ǿ͸˵ˡڵʵһ϶ûʲô⡣
˵ջǳĴ󣬵Ȼܹ˳õ֮ˮǾ͸ˡܵõ֮ˮЩֻܿܶǸƣ
ûˡڶıڶޣʲôأ
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Ȼֲܿδ֪ĻȪһߣǣҲСﰡҪ֪ڤŮǿɶԴ簡
ڤĴ㻹ж㣬ûмǣǵʵǻصģڴ磬вڤУ޼εȵţǣڴҲ޵УǸʱֻ˵ڽ֮ǿġ
󣬴ЩǺӴ
Ҳ򵥡ǴǿǿͲö֪ˡϾ˫ûд
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ڣԽԽһֲõĸо
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ʱҶͻȻͣ˽Ų
ˡˡ
һͻȻԶеŲһʼᣬǣģԽԽ죬ˣҶ֣滹΢
ܿ죬ԽԽأ˲ʮϢѾʼҲ棬ΧЩҲǾҲҶ׷к£ҶꡣͬʱҲǴ֮ǰÿһ𣬶
Ҷ˫΢УɫޱȣԶʲô
УĬһ˲ҶѾ⡣ֱԶʲô϶ܹġ
ݱܷâ
ҶҪȳʱԶͻȻһ˻

Ҷסʲô⣿
ʱҶͻȻԶ֪ʲô˫Բҡ


1459 Ȫӣ
Ҷʲô
ˣ
ˣ
֮⣬һˣж󣿸߾нǧɣǧɣʲôǱһСɽҪ߰
ھϣһǳִĽɫɫҶˮ׼ˮϵҲֻ֣ǰϲƵҪˮǸ̫̫࣡
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Ҷ۾صĴģò˵ȫ𾪵ˡôˣǰǴδ
˵Щ֮ܣΪԷľ磬ǣ⿴ԷͣѾ˾ˡ
Ŀǰһ˿ãȻǰУв߶ţ

Ҷ˫΢Уһҽ
ûȥ룬Ҷջ˼ҪˣԲܹģ˵Զŵǿܶ޷Է⡣
Ҷ׼ҪʱԶǾͻȻ΢΢ͷҶλãɲǼ䣬Ǿеٶȼ죬գۼҶλá
УԼ˷֣Ҷɫ䣬ҪȻѾˡΪѾͷھ˵ֻǶ˵֮󣬾һ㣬ΪֱӸסΧǧڵзΧ
޴ӣ
û˿ԥҶνһն
һҶֶ֮ȻֱӺ֮ϡ
䣡
ҶǵȻ飬ٶȲֱӺҶ֮ǰվλá
䣡
Ҷ֮ǰվλãֱӱһ׵ľ޿ӣ
ҶѾԭء֮ǰ赲סʱѾˡˣûˡ
ûܳãͷ֣Ǿ˵Ϣˡ

ž˵ĵٴδȻҶλúݺȥ
ϮҶ󾪣ûڳٶȼӿ죬ֱԭء
䣡
ԭأ֮ǰվλþٴαһ׵ľ޿ӣ
ܵĹУҶƳһǾ޿ӣǾ޿ʱʱƤһղҪǱУҪڵܹġ
ջ˼ҶӿٶȳԶӶȥȻǾ˵Ϣȴһֱľǣʹ󣬵ǣԷٶһ㶼һͲǧɵľ룬ңԷܣ
µǣԷӵԶ̹ңǴΧģ
ʵֲֲ̫Ӳ
ӣ
򲻹ӣ
ҶԼٶʩչ˼£ʱٶȣѾ绹Ҫ죬ǣȻûܹ˦ǾˣǾһֱϢʱʱ̿ΡջǣԷʱʱ
һʼΪǶԷȻ֣ڣе㲻ԾˡΪԷ
е㲻ݵĸо
Ϊʲô
ΪΪԼǽޣ
УҶüͷ壬˿вŽԽкִղõǽ
һ޽ޣȻԼպǽޡ
ôùɣ
Ҷֱ飬ԭҲ̫ùһ㡣ʲôԭ򣬵ҪȰѶԷ
ѵ˴һܣǣʹܹսʤˣ϶Ҳʧأ˵ʧ֮󣬻޷ˡû潻ֹǣԷ֪ͣǷ϶ʯɽЩʯ˻Ҫǿ
ԣǾӣ
ΪԷ濪սʤ䣬ûкô
ȻȴûзŹ˼һ·׷Ϣһֱ޷˦ԷҶЩѻ
һ·ϣܣҲһЩޣǣЩ޲ûж֣תܡΪˣ
ЩȻǷǳˣܣ
ҶΪܹ˦ԷרָɽܣϣЩɽ赲ˣǣʧˡǶɽûסˣǶԷɣǶԷֱӾײȥڴɽԷǺֱײײȥ
Ȼһɽϱ¡ǣȴһ鶼ûУ
⳹׾ҶԷһܵͷ
ӵնν϶޷ŪŪ˶Էе
ˣһı̬
ӣ
Ͻӣ
򲻹ܣûʲô˵ģ򲻹Ҫϣ޴ˡϾԷƴһûаô˾Ͳ˵ǣӮкôûкôԷƴֻܾˣ
ûкô飬Ųȥƴ
Ȼ˦ԷǶԷҲ׷棬ֻҪʩչնνϸҹû⡣
㲻ײҿײ٣
ҶͷһǾˣȻٶȼӿ죬ΪڣҲˣܣ޳鷳ʱԷ˺󣬻ϾͿ
ҶڵܣǼɹ
ҶȻǺ޵ģΪˣֱӰǵ̶ݻˣǣΪڣҲȥҶ鷳ԣҶӰ޽ˡɽܣǼɽײ
ܶɽײ
ǰܶɽ
Ҷܣ׷򼦷ɹҳһţ
Ҷܵɣʵʱʱ̶̿սľΪǶ۾ֲ̫ˡʱʱͷĺܡһնν޷סԷӵնν̫˷ˣһ·ϣֻöķʽܶԷЩǣüζ㱻С
ȥҲǰ취
һʼΪ˲ײɽ϶ˣǣڣԷѾײ˽ɽˡȻԷ͸ûһԷķѾȫ󣡿˵һɽԷҲ£
öԷײɽвͨˣ
ǣû취
һʱ䣬Ҷ
ԼһҶܣ˻׷вݵļƣ
ڼ䣬ҶԷúùͨһ£ǣʧˡ˾ֻ˵һ֣Ǿǣ
֣ԷʲôҲ˵ȻǷŹ
ûֲս
ˣ
֪˶ãҶ۾ͻȻһΪˮǰԶһԼǧɵĺӣӿȲȴ߸ͷҶû˿ԥһֱӷɹ˺ӡ
ڣϣܹһ㣬˸һᡣ
ڷɹʱҶںӱһʯǣûп˼ȥʯ
ҶԼٶ˼£գۼʧ˲Զ
Ҷ΢һ£ͻ֣ᷢǾ˸û׷ȥԷǺӱߵλͣͣԷˡ
Ҷڷɹ֮󣬾ûлͷҲһͷһСģͿܱ׷ϣһ׷ϣʹˣ
ҶʧԶ
򲻶ˡ
֮ǰҶһʯͻͣ
ʯϣֻ֣
Ȫӣ


1460 ˲ݣվȣ
ԽԽԽԽ죬ܿ죬Ѿ˽ǧɣԶԶġ
źǱãȻתȥ
Ҷأ
Ҷʱڼӿٶȡ
ԼһӺҶͣʱŷ֣˲ûи
ԭأҶüѵԷˣ
˼һᣬҶҡҡͷȥܶԷȻͷȥһͷԷǾˡ
ҶɨһܣʱѾֲ嶫ˡ
Ϊ֮ǰ˵ϹܣţѾʧ˷
￴ûʲôΣգ
ҶɨһܣȻǰߡ
ϲǺỤ̃ƮƮģôӰߡһۿȥԿǧڵľǳǧɣЩģˡ
ãΪ֮ǰЩط̫ˣ
һ·ϣҶϴܣڣҪԼʲôطʲôλãɲϹģĿİɭ֡
ţҶҲЩԾˡ

һ·ϣǳľûһľ֮ǰƬɭֵľһƬɭֵľǼžǣ·һ㣬һûС˿ܲЩ翵Ķǣһҹ˾ʱȥĹؾͻˡ
е㲻Ծ
Ҷüͷһɲõĸоңɸо룬ԽԽǿҡ
ּǿߣΣգһĸӦġ
ΣյĸоԽԽŨʱҶͣΪ֮ǰʹʱûָо
ǰ϶кΣյĴڣ
Ҷɨһܣ׼ڳǸǰˡ
ʱһ۵ͻȻسҶǰһɵλô
ҶֱסΪԷֵ̫ͻأˡûһףôƾճǰ
ת˲ҶѸӿ䱸ͬʱһۻӣӿʮ꣬Ȼ϶ΪԷʵﵽһ̶ʱǿʱԼòһεġ
Żۣͷһ鷽һһĶţ޺
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ӿҶһᣬȻööûˡû뵽һˣңֻһߣЩ˼
˵꣬һӣһ̳ǰͬʱֵĻֻʯǡ
ǣҶ⡣
һƣ塣˵꣬
壿
ҶҡҡͷǺܻᡣ壬һ㣬Сʱĸ׽ģʱû¾͸С档Ŷ㲻ϡ
ûϵ
Ц˭ǴֹģҵҲǡ㣬ɱ̫ʢ̫أҪһ¡
Ҷһ۶ԷȻҶ΢΢һЦȻԶǿͣ룡
ҶҲһöӾ̵м䡣
Ҷһ֣һĨ죬̧ͷһҶУ֣Ҫսˣâ¶⡣
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Ҷ͸һûôĨǣ̾ɱ
ʯ٣
ȻҶȫ·ģ⡣
Ҷһö£Ȼǰ鰡
˵޷ӵ
Ҷһӣò˵Ӻܺ˵룬ȻĿȥİɭ֣ǣղһһ׷һСľ·ˡԣһǰİɭôߣ
·
Ҫӵֶ˿УҶΪ·
Ҷ˵ͷ
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΢΢ͷȻһҶ㡭Ҫȥİɭ֣Ϊ˻֮ˮɣ
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һ£Ȼ⣬ܹΪ츳ʵǶ֮£ӦþûʲôˡֻǣΪʲôҪ·ء
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΢΢ҡͷûʲô壬ˣ㻹֪Ļڸİɭ
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һԣ׷Ц
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Ҷ˵ͷȻһ£һ£ӶʱӣǣȴҡҡͷţһϣһºҶɫʱЩÿˡΪֱʧʮö
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ҶЦЦǰڣսһһ£Ļʲôأǰ𣿲ǰģǰὫնɱ㣬ǰϰɣ
û˵
ʱҶֵܶʱˣ̣Ƕָӵĵôߡǰʼһ̣Ҿ֪ǰϲ飬ҸףҵǰĶ֣ʱǰҸôأ
˵⣬ҶЦЦѡʯ٣ҪɱңҴ򲻹㣬ǣҲù
˵꣬Ҷһϣһ£ʧöӡ
ӿһҶҲû˵£һ£Ҷʧʮöӡ
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޻ڡҶ֪ԼԸ񣬺״׸Լѡǣף磬˲ݣվȣ
˶һӸԣǾϲӲԣҪߣҪȥãΪֻĸ
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У˲ӣģҶԽԽ١ԼһӺҶѾ䲻ȥˡ
ΪϣѾȫռݡ
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ԣҶ˫΢У̧ͷӣҵһ
ӵ˵ͷһ
ʱҶͻȻνһն
䣡
ǰ̺Ȼѡ
ʡ
Ҷֱӣأ


1461 ޵УΪį
׻˵壬ǣһ˵һôһڹ͡
Ҷӵ˼
Էɱģ
ɱģ֮ųֵġ֪ԷΪʲôɱģǣȷ϶йϵ
ȻҪ˵£ҾͰ̸ȥ
Уһ˲˲ĿҶû˵Ҳûж֣ôš
Ҷˡֱԣǰˡ
ࣿ
ӺȻЦû뵽ʥȻһ˵࣬˼˵
ʥ
Ҷһ۶ԷȻǰ㿴𣿡
΢΢ҡͷ壬˸ӣ
ĸ𣿡Ҷʡ
ס
ҶֵǰųʥѾǵǷ켫ǣҿȴˡΪУΪһΪڶղǾ仰ĻӡǣʣϣʲôܹĸӸӵأ
ӳĬΪ޷Ҷ仰ģӣױ䣬ѲĶ
Ҷֵ־磺ɽɽɽɽɽɽľܹ͸־ˣ϶ʲôӹˡǰҵ־磿
ӿһҶԸ꣡
ҶЦЦһ־綼ûеһǰΪʲôҪȥɽأ
˵ţҶָָԼؿڣӵģʲôɽʲô壬ԼԼġģƭˣʱƭԼһԼƭȥõĻʲô
ӳĬ
Ҷһһ̳ӵǰҶЦЦǰ˵ҵҿʵһ塣֪㿴һ壬϶ʲôʲôľʲô֮ġǣҿһ塣
˵꣬һӣʧ㿴ûˡǣ˻ڡڣӵֿܣǣ˲ˡһͨ壬壬˶ͬеĽҵĽһ֮ԲΪҶˡǰҪ磬ҪԼԼԼȥ磬Ц
ʲôǽ
仰ҶʹܶΣǣ𰸶һɱõģô򵥡Ҳ˵Ľģ˵Ľܰʲô磬ʲôʲô
ǣûУֻ
ʲôˣĽʲôĽΪʲôĽȥʲôˡ
˶򽣶ˣǱū۵ˣʱˣڶԷУѾˡ
˵ԷѾūˡ
У˫ۻĬ
ҶҲĬ֪Էʵǣ϶ǺǿǿģԣԷ֣ҲóȻ֡ԵĻúúùͨ£ǰ˿ͦ˵ģ
ãӻ۾ǷһĨԳѹ֣ѹ֡˶Ҳ˰ѹȻûдﵽ˵еͨ˵⣬ҶЩҶȴûйԼ˵ȷʵˡ˲Ǹ
ǰܹˣҶЦ
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΢΢һЦûĸӣǣҲǲǵһܹһ¥ġûҿһֹڴˡܵ˵л㡣
ǰɱҾͺˣҶЦûǣղӶɱġ
Ҳ֮ˣ
΢΢ҡͷңҲˣȻҲҵˡ˵⣬Ҷɫģǳ֮ģΪԣġ֮պǰ;
ҶЦЦǰˡֻǣҲˣֻʣ²µʱԻԺ󡭡ûԺ󶼻һⰡ
İɭ֣
ЦҸôȥİɭ֣
Ҷӱ˱ȭǰ֪
΢΢Ȼߣͻᵽˡ
ҶһȻߣ᲻Σհ
У
ӵ˵ͷΣյģԣСһ㡣Ҳпô
Ҷ˵ͷлǰ֪ǰ飬Ǻڣ
ЦЦϣܹĻ
ҶЦЦҲϣܹŻȥˣ˵꣬ͣһʧ˲Զ
ӿҶʧĵطãȻҡҡͷһȪӣӴҲɱ㡭ǣҲ޷㡭ǻԼ컯
˵꣬΢΢һȻʧԭء
ʧ󣬳еĳȻһãģԭĳȻһҲԭȫһˡҶ»ص϶ϲҲȥΪû·ˡ

ӸҶǰʵǸоЩԾġﲻԾҲ˵Ǹоֵֹġû취Ҫǰȥ֮ˮô죿ңȥҪǸˡ
ûѡ
ߣߵף
ϡŹֵˡڼһЩҲûʲô˵ġңôޣֻҪֱ̬ǲġ
һ·֮ϣҶûʲôΣգǲҴ⡣
⣬Ļ
ʱһ׹СͻȻҶǰ
Ҷ΢΢һû뵽СͻȻܳʣʲô
СûлشɨһܣȻϤӣ
Ϥ
Ҷüǰ
СüͷһᣬȻҲǣǲˡ˵꣬ҶеΣգԼСһЩҪȥˡ˵꣬ҲҶ˵ֱӻһ׹ûҶڡ
Ҷ
һᣬҶڣʱСѾ֪ܵȥˡȻҵԷǣûȥŶԷ֪Է϶ĲǵԼûطˡ
ֻǣЩɻǣСǰ˯ôأ
ĬãҶҡҡͷǰСû˵ôҪڶԷ˵ΣգҲûôϣӽһ̿ʼ֪Σա
Ҳδɹ裡
Լ˲ʱҶͻȻͣǰԶһɽɽǺܸߣһǧɡɽǱ˴мýһ׹һ㣬һԼķ϶ҲΪ϶õɽ
Ҷϸ˿ǵ϶ⲻǺ񣬶Ǳýµģ϶ıԵ⻬羵һ
ܿ죬ҶĿɽߣмλãһ֣
޵УΪįңӵһΣ


1462 ҶĽ
ңӣ
Ҷԭأһ
ϸ˿֣ûȷʵңӵ֣ôĿţôİԵôţ
޵УΪį
Ǻεȵţ
˼ȷʵŵıǮȻûԷǣﶼ˼ҵĴ˵
׼ȷ˵Σյĵطǿߵĵط;ܹԷӰ
ңͬһطЩԨԴǽޣԷĽĽȫͬԷ׷󽣵ļ£Ψһж£ھ֪ˡǶԷһִģǣԷֱֲܣȻ󵽴ܡ
ʵҲ˭ܹңӵĽŲңҪܽڣǾζйΨңӿ϶ϲ֣ԣ½ڣȥ׷󽣵£
˽ûʲôܹңӹģ
Ȼⲻңһˣ˶׷ȥ׷ԼеĿ꣬һûС
ڽڡÿ˶ԼңӲչ˽һӰɣڵ·Щӵ·վҪԼߣ
ĿǰΪֹҶǿĽޣһǽ޼һңӣԣӦһûмǴһֻصĽޡ
ǵĽͬ
޼Ľ˵ʵߣҲἺʵʡ
ֽޣ𾴵ġ
ңӵĽ뽣޼Ĳͬң׷󽣵£Ψ˽ʲôˣģûκģΪûκεԣĽģҲΪĽΪĿֲ
ֽޣ˼ɵģ
ǴһֻصĽޣҶԶԷǺϤǣӶԷǧʱ䴴ôһͿԿԷĽҶһе߼˵ģӦ˵Ҷˡ
ԷңȫһӦ˵෴ΪǶԷִˣԷܹôֲһһ˶һִŵһ̶ʱǷǳֲġ
ֽޣηģ
ǧʱ䴴һΪɱ㣬˭¡
ҶĽĽʵڽƫ棬׷󽣵£ҲȥʵʣȥΪ˸ǧꡣ
ң
ĽңԼΪģֻеΪЩ˻ãǲؽ
ǣҶɱ˵е˵ػûҶýҲΪػˣǣػζʲôζҪɱˡ½ǧǧĸǲɱ˵ģ
ػʻҪɱ˵ģ
ֻҶ̫ܾˡ
УǾ仰ãҶҡͷһЦʵĸܹһ̽һ¸ԵĽĵãҿ϶ܶ࣬رΪġȻҶԼĽǣⲢȥѧϰ˵ĳ
ϧ뷨Զ޷ʵˡ
ɽ֮ϵǾ仰ãҶҡҡͷ׼ǰʱͻȻ뵽ˣ
˲ǰңӣȻңɣ
ҶţţԽпܡΪ˿вŽԷ϶ǶԽִģӶԷǽ޺Ͳݵ׷ԿԷ϶ǸʲôԹġ
ҲбĽ޽ǣǼһģҲңˣ
̫ù˵㰡
ҡҡͷҶջ˼ǰ
ܿ죬ҶɽմɽҶͣԶéݣéݵԱߣվһ۵ŮӡŮӿҲʮ꣬ٸģȻһϮΪصۣǿľģŹ㡣
ʱŮӾվȻһ˲˲Ķ
ҶʵȽ򶨵ģΪѾϡŹֵµ׼
Ҷԥ£Ȼ׼ŮȥȻʱŮͻȻǰô׵ĳˡ
Ҷд󾪣ΪԷǰһԤ׶ûУһ˿ûУôƾճǰ
ÿֲʵ
Ҫ֪֮ǰŮӵٶȻ죬ǣܹӦģңܹԷһ˿ι켣ǣǰŮ˳ǰûзӦ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻӿ
ʱŮӵͻȻϣҶɫʱһ䣬ǲǶԷٶ̫죬ûӦԷ־Ѿϡع󣬾ȥǣʱŮһֻͻȻϡ
ɲǼ䣬ҶԭӿʱȥͬʱҶоԼѹһɽһ㣬˿޷
Ҷд󺧣
ܿ죬߶СУСתԭŵʱӿţɱ뽣ڱӿɱ뽣ӿڣֱӱһѹ˻ȥ
ȴ˵˰ɿ⣬ǣͣŮȴٴγǰȻ֮ǰǰ㣬Ůӵַϣһֻļϣ޷
Ҷ
ŮֻҶգ飬ڻˡߣǻؼңǻؼң˵ţסҶ־ߡ
ؼң
ҶЩ±ƣʱȷʵǳ±ƣԶ췢ģŮ˾ûκιϵ
ǰŮȴǼͽǴ˵еķ޸
ҶȻʲô޸ڱĵطܻУ޸Ҫ޸࣡
ˣҶڽһ£ȻʱŮͻȻͣתͷҶҶҲŮʱҶɫʱˡΪŮ֮ǰ۵Ѿʧȡ֮䣬䣬һ鶳ĺ
ž˲
˭Ů俴Ҷ
򡭡
⧲֮£Ҷѿ˵ʱտڣ룬ȻҪһ£ǾʱŮȴͻȻԼ֣ڼԼסҶʱŮɫӱˡ
̧ͷҶΪʲô֣
Ů˸ʲô
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻ㣬Լģ֪

ŮͻȻһŭȣȻһӣһɾֱӴҶϡ
䣡
ҶûӦֱӳ󵹷ɳȥһɣ˽ɣײԶĴɽ֮ϲͣ
ǴɽҲҶײľһ
ҶײڴɽϺȻ·׹ȥܿ죬ͣʱɫ԰ףǴѪԴЩѣΡȻʱŮȴͻȻֳǰһĻҶɫ䣬һӣֱӰѴСڽ˳
СڳֱֺӾͳŮ˹ȥ
ȻŮԴСʱȴ˿壬Сǰ໹ʱŮ̧־һơ
죡
ҶĿ֮УСֱӵ˳ȥȻ˲Ǵɽ֮ϡ
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1463 
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ŮһķɴڻСںҶҶʱƤһȻһӣԶŵСţԼС񶼽˳
Ů˾ԲܹģԷʵܱ滹ǿ
ȺŹ
ŮʱССţǵʱнޱȡǲ֪ŮʵжǿǣԱߴСڵ³֪ˡ
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ҶüͷʣʱŮȴͻȻʧԭءһĻҶɫ䣬Сģ
죡
Ҷ£ԭǰСֱӵ˳ȥʵǿǵŮʧһ̣޴βֱɨŮӡ
β˦̺ǿֱõΧĿռһҼܹĿռ䷢һ㲨ѾΪֲˣ
Ҫ֪ҶһնνǶ޷ռġ
ŮڻС֮ܣֱֻ֣ȻҶĿ֮У˵βϡ
ŮӵβȣʵЩŮȥβȫ۵
ȻһĻȴõҶ°Ͷ㾪ĵ
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ŮڵסβͻȻָ׾ٵƿ˵βϺƬţǿƬ͵Ƭû飬ûеӴȴǶˡ
ҶĿ֮УŮӾȻץ˵βͣȻ͵һ˦ֱӰӴɽĵֱӸ˦ײԶĴɽ֮ϡ
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ŮӵϣжʱһҶŮΧĿռһţŮӳʮɵľ룬Ҷңֱӱĳ˽ɣ
ԶŮӵͷ˿Լ֣ĳһѪӡѪӡϢŮ̧ͷԶҶޡ⾳ĽޣԽƷ׵ĽѹֿƵҵ֮
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ȻŮȴûйֱʧԭءŮʧԭصһ̣Ҷɫһ䣬벽Ԫɱ뽣͵ڱӿɱӿ֮⾳ѸȻ͵ر
⾳ٽ磡
һҲҶһеƣְ벽Ԫ⾳ٽ磬ҲǷǳֲġ
⾳ٽ磬һɿֲҶǰϯõѾҶǰŮֱӱͣŮӲδ⣬֮ǰǰ㣬ᳯǰһģôһģҶٽ⾳ǹֱӺȻѣ񱩵籩ܽ俪
ת˲ŮһĨЩ籩˲仯ޣǴδֹһ㣡
ھʱСڻеǳ˹
ҶȻҲûţ»һ⳯Ůӱȥ
һ
ȻǴڻСڣСţС񣬶ûܹŮӵһġҲ͵΢һЩܹģ
ʱ˿̣ҶǿǶôĿֲּǿߣ߾ܹģܹġΪնνȻ޷ŮʲôʵԵв

һȻ
죡
СɳȥСţҲŷ˳ȥãƤֻǱˣʱûΣա
ҶЩˡȻҲǿǣСǻЩģˣÿζѪãȻûдǵǣ޸ȴǱȴǿ̫̫ࡣ
ˣܹǿ֧ţ

ڱŮɺĵȻǶһŭͻȻԼ̳һȦȦȻֱӳŮײ˹ȥ
Ϊ͵ԵʣŮײȥһɽŮײȥޱȡ
ȻŮȴ治ɫֳǰһ̽ɲǼ䣬Χؼ·ʲôȥһ㣬ؼһ¡ţһŵȥ
죡
ڷһֱ֮ӵ˳ȥײԶɽ֮ϣõôɽһ׹£˵֮С
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ҶһŮӣ벻ףǳĲף˵λ涼ǿ𣿶ң֮ǰҲûΪʲôطǿߣ
ѵԼ˻Ȫӣ
뵽⣬ҶɱһŮӣǸһ䣬⣬ǲǻȪӵһߣ
ԽòԾˡ֮ǰǸʥʼ͸оЩԾˡˣЩǲǹ˻Ȫˡ
֪Ůӷʡ
ԣҶʱסˡ
Ȫӣ
ԼĹ˻Ȫӣ
Ҷ˹ãȻԼ˻Ȫӡô͹˻Ȫأ


1464 вŮˣ
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Ȫӣ
ڲ֪й˻ȪӣȪߣûƵģˣǿԴﵽ֮ϵġ
Ϊʲô˹˻ȪӶزȥԭ򰡣
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ҶҶͲ˵ˡ۵ܻ򲻹նνȻǿҲ޷ɱŮ˾͸˵ˣûʲôвӵնνҲŸպƿԷƤѣ
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ܹ߶ǺӽҪԣǣܴ߶𣿵ܣ𣿵Ȼңڴ߶ǺӽҲǶԷ
УҶЦЦò˵Լˡڣ뵽֮ǰӣ˵ǿ϶ǻȪӡֻϧʱ׷Щ£ûȥʲôȪӣˣֱ˹
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ʱŮͻȻسҶǰҶɫ䣬ܵľһ̳ȻĽȴǱָͷסˡ
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Ҷɫⲻ𣿶ǸУҪ£֮Ϊߴ·ˡңھߣŸµˡ
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ģ
Ů£ѾʧԭأٴγʱҶǰ
Ҷɫһ䣬ȻжԷǣɲ־ܣҪ֣ʱŮӱץͻȻͣ˿УȻŮüһᣬɫܿ죬ֱҶʱӡ
ûаֱ䣬д飬ȫһСұ

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ҶѾȫסŮĸһ
ʱŮͻȻɿҶסҶ֣ߣǻؼңǻؼңҲֿˡߣ
˵ţҶ־Զéȥ
Ůв
ҶĵŮãóۡԷȫװΪŮоȻ顣Ȼװǿ϶вˣ
˵һ£ΪԷڿûҪֵ˼ֻҪԷ֣лߡ
ӣ
ǰŮǿߣܹģѾ̫ˡԽսҲи޶ȵģûʲô׶ܹԽĵزﵽߺ󣬻ܹԷսһսڣС
ҶԼʵŮˣֻѡӣ
ʱǲܣŮһֱץһܣ̼ŮˣŮֱ֮ǰǸģǾͲˡ
ҶŮéݣéݴ濴ЩªڲȴªװεЩеĶС
ŮҶ˴ߣȻ˫ֱҶֱۣԴҶļϣΪγȥôöǲˣ
Ҷ˵ͻȻоԼһתͷһ֣֪ʱŮѾᡣ
ҶȻϧ񣬿ЦŮֲŮˣңԷҲΪޣô֮󼪡
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
ʵ޷档ҲǺŮˣʲôǿߣ϶Ѿ군ˡ
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Ŀǰʵ϶޷Էģ
ҶһŮӣȻ㣬㻹ǵøղŵ𣿡
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Ů̧ͷҶղҲһֱڵȷ𣿡
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ҶһŮӣѾȷŮв
ʱŮӽԴļϣΪʲôȥôö֪֪һùµģ
ΪʲôȥأҶʡ
ҡҡͷܳȥܳȥġ
ΪʲôҶʵ
ҡͷΪȥģԺҲȥˡңǾﰲȹòã
ȥ
ҶüͷˣܹﵽŮˣʵ˵ĿֲȻȴǲҳȥҲ˵ط϶ʲôǵĽơ
ôˡ
˭ôǿʵܹסЩﵽǿߣ
Խˣ
ȻûȥЩ飬ôطȻȥİɭ֣ҪطȾҪȰԵŮˣ
Ůˣֱۣ뿪һ㡭Ȼѣǣһ̼ŮˣŮջָ֮ǰǸӡ
ù
ǳĵù
ҶЦѣ˵õĲȪӣû뵽ĻطںˣףȥѰ
ʱҶͻȻ΢ĺҶתͷһ֣Ů˾Ȼļ˯
˯ˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴һϲΪ˵һûᡣ˵ĺûᣬȻӡ
ɱԷ
ʵһ㶼ʵŮּǿߣΣտ϶ǷǳģֻҪ¶ɱ⣬ضԷ
ԣѡӡ
Ҷַĵϣ׼ὫԷÿʼͻȻ۾Ȼ̧ͷֱ
ı飬
Ҷ齩סˡ


1465 һĻ꣡
˵㱧ҵģ𣿡
Ҷǳ
أŮҶ
ҶһȻ㶯ǰܲ⣿⡣
ҲŮӴ𲻴ӦҶֵһԼ룬㻹ǵøղŵ𣿵ڶʵôǿԶҲ֪١ãռı𣿡
Ů˫΢Уû˵
ʱҶֵѵͲ֪ԼΪʲô𣿡
Ů˫ۻ
ҶƤһ֪
벻ʱŮͻȻ
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
ŮɿҶߵм䣬˫ָĿǰãһֱΪʧˡû뵽ִ˵ڶûʧһռҵʶһæҲɱ㣡
˭Ҷʡ
ôʲôŮӱ
ҪҰæ϶йذɣȻйأ㲻Ӧø𣿡Ҷ
ŮӳĬãȻǴ˽ƮһĻ꣬Եɺ֮½ҵڣұΪյǣִ̫Ϊִ̫ǿˣһֱҵڣҲ֪жȡҵȨ
ô㣿Ҷʡ
ŮתҶʶȤ
ҶƲƲ죬ܲʶȤ𣿶ԷæʵԷ˵Ҫæһ̣֪޷ܾû취˭򲻹Էأ
Ůӵִ̫ǿĨȥضƴʱʹʤ϶ҲǲʤңҲǿԣҪһִִһʧͻʧֻء˵õĽˡ
ﲻǲֻܽ𣿡Ҷʡ
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Ůӵ˲ܳȥ֮⣬ûʲôơҲˣ֪Ķ֪ˣûаôҲûΪ͡Ҫǣһִֻء
Ҷʼ磬ʱҲû֪飬ԼѱˡĻȥ
£Ҷôִ
ŮӳĬãȻִ֮Ϊһȥءǿ뿪˵أˣ⵽𣬶Ϊ䣬޿ѡ㣬ǲ֪ʲôԭĻȴǴȻǴȴѾĲˡ
˵⣬ҶðȻԼĴʵִ֮ͻʧˡ
ð
Ҷü㲻ڸҿЦɣ
ڸ㿪Ц
Ůڰ㵱ķõʱѣҲҽѣԼѡԣûѡף
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ʱŮͻȻҶǰҶҲҪʲô취ǣסһ㣬ռıˣҵģģף
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Ůӵ֪ռıˡ˵ţһ壬Ȼ֣͵һգҾ⣡
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Ůһ˵Գɿռ䣬ֻɽɳκ˽ãҪܹҵȥ·
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Ů˫΢Уңӣʶˣ˵⣬ü΢ԣһ˿ϢʲôϵҲԣʱǺܾúܾ֮ǰʱ㶼ûӦĺˣߵõָ㣡
Ҷ΢飬뱧һңӴȣ⵹ãŮֱӾͿԷûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ûˣ
ʱŮֵȻܹȥʵ˭ס˭ָأô˭㣿
Ҷߣι˵Ͳί𣿡
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ڸʱ䣬֣ܴʮҶֱŮӣǳ
Ů˫΢У˵ͻȻüһҶĬ˿̣ǰӣߣ
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УϵĴڣּߣ˵֣һͿԵԷǣǰ֮ǰȴӲü
Ĭ˺һᣬŮӵĽ츳ˣһûܹ˵㣬û˸㡣ǣԼҪԼʱ˭
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ʱŮӵܲܳȥҲģֻ˵һִȻ뿪ȥԼ顣֮Ľףף
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ŮֱҶڰ㵱ֻпִܻһ㣬ұ㣬㵱ķԣκεķǣɱңûǱ롣ΪΣգ᱾ܵȻ󻻳壬ף
ҶһŮӣȻϣҪڶԷʱ֣취УղҪôѾ군ˡ
У
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Ҷ˵ʱŮü΢ţɫһãܿ죬ϵıֻ顣
ǰŮӣҶһʲôǣ»ǿԵİɣ
£
أ
ҶĿŮϣϴţĿⶨһλá


1466 ѵ

ŮҶһ˲ֱҶĻ
ᣬ
Ҷʱĸо
Ҷȴû˼ȥռԷˣŮ˰ǶԷķ˲ŻͶͱȥ¶Էݸ飡ңһŮˣܹΪһѳ飬ֵþġ
ˣҶɿŮӡ
ŮӿҶǲ⡣
ҶĬһ˲Ȼˡ
Էֱһ㣬ȻԽװԷķֻöԷݵԽݵԽǷִԽԷ¡
ʹʹԣѡֱһ㡣
㡭
ŮӾ㵵ĿҶ㣬㲻Ǻúõ𣿡
ҶĬһ˲ȻߵŮӵǰţĿŮӣúÿķ𣿡
ŮסҶ֣ǽ֮ɫɱģ㣬ҵķ
Ҷüͷҿ϶ʱģŮӵУǶԷȥķģһ˱ʹȺпܻһǾǹһԼ磬ûʹࡣ
˿̣Ů˵ķû䣡
ҪôѶԷӶԷҶҪġ
ĬãҶڵɱ뽣ӿ˳ģɱ뽣𣿡
㣬ʲôʱɱ뽣ˣЩʡ

Ҷҡҡͷ֪һ취϶вͨˡĬһ˲ͻȻסĵ֣Ǿްɣ
˵ţֱĳȥ
ޣ
֣ɫʱдߡܿ죬ҶֱӴ˴ߣҶҲֱס֫ȻǾްɣ

Åȣɫͨ죬߲ԡ
ҶֱֱģȻ˫ֿʼԷ½Ťһ£Ǻܿ죬ûڷҶ¡ҶҲûڿЦľѣܿ죬ֻʣһ¡
ĵɫӺˣͬһ㡣ˡ
Ĵʱռݵ壬һŸճң¶ɢһ˵Ϣ˺޲úݺݵռ
ãҶûʧ̬Ȼʲô˾ӣǣҲֱ°ƵˡңǽޣͨĽޣǲԸ⣬ŮǰᶯġȻҲǸˣĶۻġ
ڿۺӦǺüۡ
ҶѹסȻַĵļϣţĵ촽ȥ˫ۻһξƷģ
Ҷ촽Ҫĵ촽ʱͻȻ۾Ҷͣһ˲˲ؿҶһᣬͻȻҶȻ󱳹
һĻҶǷһĨЦݣ֪Լ취Чˡ
Ů˶ķ֮ѳͿԿĳ˵Уֻ仰˵ǾԲܱġղôĿľ뿴Էûоȡ
Ȼоȡ
ܶԷǳڱܣЩѣ֮ӶԷܾͿԿԷųģ
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ҶŶԷãȻ˵ͷȻ˵ǣǾ;ްɡ˵ţס˶Էµ½ǣֻҪһԷͻޱĳǰ
ס½ǣҶģҪ𣿡
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Ҷ˵ͷȻ΢΢ʱĵȴͻȻס֣Ȼתһ˷λãʱϵѾá
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ҶЦЦȻߵĵǰĹֺαˣڿңԼԼǲڿң
ĳĬ˺һᣬȻûпܷ
ûпܣ
ҶЦЦȻֱӻסĵ֫һҶȴֱӵȻܣǾ֮ɣ˵ֱ꣬ġ
ȻҶȴסˡ
Ϊľֱס˶ԷĴһΣľȻûз
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죡
ţһֱӵɳ⣬һɣǧɡ
˺һᣬҶŴӵ̧ͷԶéеģʱĿԼ֣ãȻ֮ɫ
ǲɻΪʲôԼ֣
ʱҶĵǰ㲻öˡΪҸķΪҲķԣ㱾ܵڿҡ
ҡ
Ĵ͵ĿԼ֣֪ԡ
ҶֱģĹ֪ʧȥʹࡣǣûˣҸ˵Լķ֪ˣʹࡣԼԼԼĥԼ
ãȻ֮ɫĬ
ҶֵĹںúÿǲ
̧ͷҶſţɫͻȻЩŤ
һĻҶæҸķΪķںܶǰѾˡ

ʱͻȻɫҷûţ˫ôܻܻ
˵ţֱһҶǰ
죡
Ҷٴη˳ȥ
ȻĴɣҶȴһŮˣǴ鹹ܳˡ
ΣҶûװ
Ů˴鹹صʵԷܿͻ뵽ǰ飬ȻҲͻԼķûʱΣԷ϶ǲģǲܵκδ̼ģȻԷ϶
ղţֱӾͳˣ
ʱΣԷʱ
ԣװĺãȶԷԼ׺ӦþͻԶʧˡʱҲˡ
ȻҶϣԶϵıȥһһãȻһʹ࣬һᡭ֮ͺܲˣԷɢϢΪ񱩣ΧĿռĲ۸ţޱȣ
һĻҶƤһȻǽ壬ʵǻڰҲŮ֮ǰԣҲһλǿߣԷʵǾԲ˵ġ
ȻĵĻҲܹռˡ
˵˭壬ܹǵģ
ǲ𣬶㻹Ƕģ
֪˶ãͻȻҶЩԾ̧ͷȥպÿһȻĵģ֪ʱѾǰ
װȥˣ
Ҷվһ۶ԷʱԷѾû֮ǰ飬ǣҲ䣬ȻǸģѾָġ
Ԫ
ҡҡͷ̫˵ֱ꣬ҶҿͻƵ𾳣ǳԽ𾳣𣿡
Ҷ˹Ȼѵ𣿡


1467 𾳣
ûѵͣǰŮ˵Ҫô˵϶ʲôģԶԷʵ޷ɵ飬϶ܹġ
ԣֱʶԷǲѵġѵģȻܾѵģǾ͵õˡ
ѾһƿܹٴȻǺõġܣҲûйϵв⹦ڣպʱˣҪͻƵ𾳣ѶȲǺܴ
£ĵ
֪
Ҷһ۶ԷѾԤϵˡ
ʱֵ˵Ǻѡ
Ҷ룬ȻǰҲ㣬ҲˡҲ߾ңֻʣ£˵ѱˡ
΢΢ҡͷΪ߾ԣҾö˵ŲǺѡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ĿҶ߾ʵܹߵһѾ˵ˡţ㲻ġ
ĬϢҶǰʲô
̧ͷʣҷ³ǾȡҲκˣҲֶԷֻǵ̫̰ΨһĲµҵһһŮǵ뿪ʱǻ٣֪ˡ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻǰˡֱԣŮܱҪܶܶ࣬ҪȥǣҾã̫ʵΪǿܱҪǿ̫̫ࡣ
΢΢ҡͷֻȥǣǲˡУҷĹǣΪǼˣǲûаѹȫǡǹֻߣԣϣܹ⹦ǡ
ô򵥣ҶЩ̫š
𣿡
ջĿ⿴ҶܳȥǼ򵥣ǣȥ𣿡
Ҷ齩ס磬طǳȥİ
Ҿãܳȥ
ʱָһһƹâֱûҶü䣬ܿ죬ҶüϢ
ãҶ̧ͷģǰ˽
΢΢ҡͷ㲻ᡣ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ǽޣ
ֱҶޣ޵ģּĽޣǲΥĵġ˵⣬˶٣ЩͷĽе㲻һҿĳһԭˡԣֻҪӦ϶ǲΥŵԵģ
ԣҶŮ˺øжȶʱ˲٣˵˾ǲһ⻰ǽһ̹
޳
ʱֵҲ֪Ƿϣڰɡ
ڴ𣿡Ҷʡ
磿
΢΢һ漴ڲƴ½һȥ˲ƴ½ȥһּҵĵطּңͻҵˡǲˡͰּҵĺ˰ɡ
ƴ½
Ҷ˵ͷһҵطضȥһּҡ
΢΢ҡͷȻҶ෽ǰҲ෽ڣֻһַⷽеʹ࣬ԣһ¡
ʹࣿ
ҶЦЦǰ֪ܲµģʹˡ
ĴһҶΪޣȴܹԪȷʵѵáѵߣĪޣΪҪʹࡣҲܹʹࡣ
ҶЦЦǳܹʹ࣬Ƿǳడ
Щʹ࣬ʹ
ҡҡͷҶʣ֪ǰҪʲôΪ
΢΢ͻȻ̧ͷʣſţĿͻȻЩˣ뵽ʲô
Ҷ˶Էһۣûдš
ã˫ۻһ̣һͻȻǾƮ˳ҲһλŮӣǣȴ岻һ˵Լԭģˡ
Ҫ𾳣෽һַ֮壬ǣһ֮ضУǣǡ
˵⣬ĵͻȻһâûҶڡ
ûҶںҶɫ˲Ť
ʹ
ʹ
ʹǽⷴɻҪֲΪ֣ں·ڱһ㣬Ҳˡ
Ҫը
ڵĸоԼҪը
ʱҲڹĲţ·ʲôƤ֮ţˣϣ¶һ䶯Сߣǿֲ
ʱҶѾʹʶģˡ
ζĲܣ
һʹʹҹ
ҶŸо΢ôһ㣬죬ʶŽѡȴо˶һһ㣬ȫ

ҶһȻʼתڵ׼޸壬ǣǣһΣȴûһ˿ûˣʱ޷
ô£
Ҷ⣬ܿ죬ˡʱɱšȻʱú޸壬ֻỵ£
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ֹȥ졣ʱҶоѾָ࣬վһԼ壬оûзʲô仯
Ĭһ˲ֽճȭȻ͵һȭ
䣡
ȭը죬ǰĿռһҲ
ҶһĨ˷ܡˣˣͣҶһԼ壬ȷʵˡ
²⣬ڵӦ൱۷ҲͲڵּġ

Ǻ
Ƕ˵һ綼еҪ֪ĶЩʲôˡ棬ˣΪڵȵħʩչħ廹Ҫǿ
һ߾ǿޣûʲôвˣ
һ㣬ζţնνҲˣ
û뵽ȻԼΪ
ʱһͻȻҶҶ̧ͷȥֻŮӲ֪ʱǰ
ꣿ
Ҷһ
ŮӵڣȻԼȫΪ̼֮꣬ڵѾǲ𾳵۷壬ˣҲΪ֮Ĵ̼պҪߣкܴôرߣΪҪﵽߣҪǿСҪߣҪʱȥ꣬ڣ㲻ˡ
ѹ֡
ҶĬǷе˰
ԳȥʱŮӺȻʡ
Ҷ˵ͷôõġ
ԼΪأŮʡ
Ҷ룬ȻҲ֪ǣΣһҪȥģҪǳȥҡ
˵⣬ҶԼסˡڲһ£ˣ޷ģֻоŻȥ׶û尡
ҪǳȥΣŮȤʡ
ҶɨһܣҪǳȥҾٻըˡ


1468 ֻһ
ըˣ
ŮҡҡͷЦ֪˵أ˵㣬֣Ʋ
﾿ʲôطҶüʡ
еļ
ŮӵȪǱߣͨǸ߼𣿡
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ҶһŮӣǲǷʲô°
ԣŮɫͻȻһ䣬俴һҶ֪
Ҷæҡҡͷ֪ЦŮ⸱ӣҪ֪ˣ϶ûк¡
Ůһױǲˣ㻯˵ִҲɱ㣬߰ɣ
Ҳߣ
ҶҡҡͷЦطΣգҪ뿪طǿߣܾûôˡ
ŮȻðǶԷȴǲɱˡԣطʱǰȫġ
Ůü΢ɫЩơ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵㲻ɱңǣҸߣľ赶ɱ˰ȻҲʮ죬Ҿʹʮ죬ʮҾߣô
ױҶΣȻʮ죬ʮҪͱҲˡ
˵꣬һԶé֮С
Ҷʼ磬ȥܶԷȻһֻصĽ
֮Ҫʮ죬ҪĿľΪܹаȫĵط⽣ڻȪ⣬ǲ˷ʱȥ⽣ġΪȪ⣬ʹΣգܻǿԵģңʱĿİɭ֡
ڣİɭǱˡȥ
һ㣬̫̫Σˣ
նνѾ޷Աˣ˵ȥҪҪȥȵԱԣһֻء
һֻأǿޱȣɹѾ൱߾۷壬սǿߣǣҲ֮ûС֮ǰױ֣֮ûУ
һֻأƼȭҲҪвŹҲҪ
֮ҪĿѾİɭ֣Ǳǿǿ˵ȥİɭ֣ܻܲŶһ⣡
ڵĽذ
Ѿ繷ߣܿѾ繷ˣ
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ȣҪͨΣҪǿĽ⣬Ҳа벽ԪĽ⣬ʵ벽ԪĽⶼеˡԪĽãû취Ҷֻǰ벽Ԫ⣬ˣֻǰǸ磬ҲǣֻһںһֻأֻдﵽԪ
ãӦûֻؾǿߣԣֻһӦþͲˡ
ûֻһɱǿߣϾ̫̫ͣԽô׻ɱԷܲʵֻϣԼԱ֮ǿʱ֮ûУ
Ҷǽޣһֻض˵ûôѣҪˣȻǺܼ򵥣Ҳѡ
һ磬ҲֻһնνܲһĲǽ뾫ԼҪԼΪһȻͬٽһŨ£

ѣǳѡ⻹ãٽ磬ˣٽûʲôѶȡǣ⾫Ͳٽˡң˿ĲأΪвأܻܿ⵽ɣ˫طɣ
ãннԽΣС
ǽһֲܿĵطκνʱٶȣ˵ٳɡ˶ԼǿıԵ⽣򣬾ĻԵ
Ϊ˰ȫҶéԱߣûȥԷ϶ҲȥҲνҲȥԷ
طױĵ̣ǿӦòܵԣӦǱȽϰȫġ
ҶûаѵǽгΪطΣգǳûʲôãңʱǶѾˣںˡеãһʱҲ
ҡҡͷҶջ˼ͬʱʩչ˽Ȼʼֻһ
ҶʩչʱéڣڴϵױͻȻ۾ҶλãȻüͷ֮ЩСˡʱ䣬Ҳпܳȥ
˵⣬ҡҡͷϧǸ

һʼҶΪǿԼԲֻһʼֻһľЩˡ
նνһֻһĲǱǽ⡱񡱡ꡱߵںϣҪ֪ǽ⣬Ǿ꣬Ƕһĸ壬ǵǼǿġ
罣⣬ҶһʱƾͿѹԷģеþɱˣеĸһЩԵУ½Ľ꼼
ֻһľǽںһΪһ壬Ȼַ߶
ȻֻһȻǿǣǸ磬ҲһֻȴǲࡣһֻأΪΪΪ٣ԻΪΪ桭ңҼǽһֻأǿУն£նǰġ
ϧǣһֻصҪеߣҪԪĽ⣬ңǶԾҪҲߣԶܹġ߻߰񣬿ԣ
Ҷһֱ˵Ľ˻ãΪʲôԼĽأ
һǿĽ
һ㶼򵥡
ҪḻҪͨټ֮ҪʱһһĥЩûУ
ԼＸڣûǸȥԼĽΨľϣϴﵽһʱʱſȥԼĽڣǸôʱ򣬶Ǹѧʱ
ʱһһȥת۹ȥ졣
ҶʧΣûзңΪнĸͬĴ᷸ڶΣˣھĿ֮ѾһЩĵá
ֻһǱȽϸӵģնνҪӵĶ࣬նνһ㣺ͿˣǣֻһȴҪںϣһⶼУ
ԣʱ඼ʧܸա
ǣҶûзһһεĳԡҶµľʧܣڽʱʱ׹ûзοأ
һһȥתۣ
УҶվéԣ˫΢գУǽ档
Ҷͬɮ붨һ㣬һҲ
ԼʱҶͻȻ۾۵һ̣еĽ治ˡ
һ̣ԵǼé˲仯ޣͬʱǰǧ֮ɽͻȻȻѣת˲ɽֱӻޡ
ͷ·ûгֹһ㣡
˭
ʱһŭͻȻԶţһѹҶѹ


1469 Ӱߡˣ
ǹѹѹҶֱ飬ôôù
һ½ƽ޹ǵһλǿߣ
ΣĲǹҪģ
ղ֮ͻȻҪʩչֻһΪܵΪΪ֮ǰͨһ󣬻ȻʣȻʶľʩչˡ
ǣû뵽ɽϾȻһλǿߣ
ô죿
ҶԴתķɿ졭
ʱױҶǰҶҪɱˡʱױԵЩǱϣĽۣȻڴйǣҲ΢Ǳرߣһϸ΢ɲϸСѪۡ
Ҷղһʩչ̫ͻȻ̫ǿ⧲⸱ģ
ŮҪɱ˵ҶڨЦЦҡǹģĲǹġ
Ů˫΢Уɭɱ⣬ʱ֮ǰǹѹѾҶͷ
Ůкâһתһĳ
䣡
ǹѹȻɢ
ʱһ߳ҶױǰԶʱģŮӸǱĺѾ˲رȹӡ֮⣬ϣһѪĽۡ
ʱߺѿӦ˵Щ
鷳ˣ
⸱ģҶɫӿˡ
ȴûйҶĿֱױϣױһֱˮˮΪҪϷ˯ʱ͵ϮϷ򣿡
ױ˵ʱһԵҶȴͻȻվ˳ȻǰǸǲģǣġ
ҶĻױҶһĨ죬Ȼû뵽Ҷе
ҶĻĿҶϣһҶȻüͷߣһôܻ
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˵ղɽȥģʡ
Ҷ˵ͷɫȷʵңûйϵҲðֻǡ
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ʱͻȻױôױҳϣױķ񰡣
λ⣬ǣҶܹôǿһЦһ߾ôôֲʵˣǱʶΪױΪױǸʵġ
ױʱɫЩѿˡûнͣΪԼҲ֪͸ûá˵ߣЩŸղһҶɵġҶֻ߰ղһ˵ˣ
Ȼǣиģ𾪡
ױ㲻Ϸһ£û꣡ʱ߳

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˵ʱҶͻȻλǰĸûйϵӺɷ򣬸ҵġ
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һʼйͷǣҪǸôŮ˵Ը񣬿϶ɱˣСҲҪʲôǰŮ˶һøжûУڶԷǰˣЩСۣ϶ǲк³ġ
ױһҶû˵
ĿҶϣ˿ҶֿױǷһĨױôҲһλߣ㻹һλߡȻ㲻ϷһϷԼҪ
˵꣬һױȥ
֣߳ױɫ˲ϹȻˣҲһ̡
£һʧԭء
ױǺߴһԵҶֱסΪʲôԼÿ˵滰ʱûأ
Ҷ˵֮⣬λ߾ǿ߽֣ɲܹκϵģرʱղʩչֻһʱȻû⵽ɣǣ̫ˡһһͰڵвʯڵȫˣ
Ԥ֮Уˣǿߣߣߵ϶޷һġˣ㣬ǺġãвʯڣԷһ
֪һܻܲɱǿߣǣʣһǿвǿߵġ߾ʯʯɽߵһͿֱӽǣ
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Ƽȭв嶼ˣڿûʱˡ˷ѽµʱˡƼȭв壬ҲҪ£ʱʵˣǣʱȴǲˡ
Ҫ֪ܵõ֮ˮǰһֻɹû塣֮ˮʹܹȥǣȥһܹõ֮ˮһȥû֮ˮأߣֱӾǳȥأ
ڵ֮ǰ
ҶڵأûйǴսױߣóɾʯʼա˵սܹκϵģҲܹȰģΪ˶ͷϣȥȰȰˣܻ꣡
˲ʱʱҶڵѾȫָױ߻սѾս֮ˡ
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ҶгͷӵʱΪ߻ױ϶˲
䣡
ʱͻȻһţնΪ֮Ҳ·Ҫһ㣬ޱȡ
ǿ
ǿ
գҶɫޱȣǿߺ˱ʱ֮֮ǿ֮֮Ѿ̹ˡ߾ǿܹġ˹˻ȪӾûڻȥҲȥ·֮⣬һԭǾˣܹġ
䣡
ʱʴһת˲ͻȻţһââױҶǰ
ʱױɫףǴһ˿ѪɫЩ
㣬û°ɣҶʣͬʱа䱸ţŮ˿ɲһƲ磬ָԷͻһһ
֮ǰ֮ԲӣҪԭΪĵطܱﻹҪΣա
Ůʱɱ֮ǰ뷨ڣôˡŮ˴ʱɱҲԷԵ޹ʸһιп϶ǼΪˬġ
ûӣŮӵ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻޱɫΪһˣԼ飬͸һеôӱأ
һе
Ůӵ˵ͷȻܺãڣѾˣȥɱ˰ɡ
Ҷ
ôȥŮǷһĨ
ҶĬһ˲Ȼ㱳ҵĴҪôֱ˵ɣôġ˵ãǲ¾ġҪɱңҸ㣬ҷԼ£
Ů˵ʱһֻɫľͻȻƾճŮҶͷһ̡
䣡
ҶŮվλֱӱһ޴Ԩ


1470 Ӱߡһ׸
ҶױȻûģֻµһ̣ױһӭȥǣ֪Ϊ˵ԵʣǶǳֵʵ̫ǿԵʣױһƲûܹסֻɫ֣ҶֱӱԷѹȥ
ӵأױֶֻɫ֣ǣѪ
һ̣ױһĨɫһֻ΢΢һȻ͵سһġ
䣡
ֻɫֺȻѡ
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ױһȣ˫΢ȻϾһġ
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䣡
һӴбһţһҶױͷɢ֮ռʱһޱȡ
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ʣħ߿һױӣ겻һ㲻ҶԿϰꡣǰûɱ㣬û뵽㾹ȻȥͷӲƴԼŪˣѰ·
£䲻ڷϻ΢һɫľӳϣţֽһӡܿ죬澵ӾҲһ̣澵Ӷ·Ҷױһס
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ʱ澵֮ͻȻһɫԼǧɣҲнɣֺʵĿռ侹ȻЩŤ
ҶĿɿڴ⾹ȻҲף֮ʲô
Ҷԣ״Ҳûڳֿȭˡϣ֪ʱһɫ˿ǵͷвɵľʱͻȻʧԭءҶ̧ͷʣֻʱʣѾ鲼Ĳɫ
䡭
ǵЩɫһȥʱʶʱһһ̣ҶоҪһ㡣
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ױ
ˣ
Ҷ̧ͷʣʱʱ鲼ɫЩͬ޾һ㣬ʵĲɫ˿֮бЩм䣬ǻߣ
Щʱסߣ
Ĭһ˲ҶջĿ⣬Ȼһױǰţס˶Է֫Ȼҽ͵һ棬ʧ˲ԶҶױʧϢɫ˿Ȼѣɫ˿ѺʵЩɫҲ֮ȻѣȻޡ
߳ʣɨһܣɫҵҪ˭ܾ㣡һ̣һʧԭء

Ҷױһ·񱼣ʱԼٶ˼¡
Ϊʲôױ
ҶԼʵѾѧֻһȻ档Ҳˣܹˣǿߡǿߣʱܹġ
ȻֻһвԷǣֻһ޷ɱԷأʱݽߵôԷսȻǣɻûܹǿߵĵزңز죬ûһϤ˴죬ȥǳ롣˵ȥܡ
Ҫһ㣬ױ֮ԱԷˣܴһԭΪ˹֮ǰߴսˣħҪǲ̫ܵġԣȣʵ
ȻԷȷʵܲˬǣԷȴûɱ֮ǰҪǶͷͣԷ϶ǻģϾһǿǲмȥ˵ѵġûУȻͷܾˣ
ǰߣ
ʱױͻȻ
ΪʲôҶ⣬Ųûͣ£ٶȼӿ죬Цһǿ׷ǰ
Ǳһλ޵ĵ̣ʵȺϲҪǿΪ࣬ǽ̵ģԷݡױ
ҶʱͣͷҪֲʱԽҾŮˡȻܣ϶Ҫµġ
ҶеױǸߣ
ױҶû˵
㲻뱨𣿡
ҶɽڣûգֻлŲϣֻлţܹ𣡡
Ĭһ˲ױָָҶұߣǱߣ
Ҷ˵ͷһʧԭء
г𣿡УҶʡ
ͷױ
ͷ
Ҷɫ˵Է϶ǲŹġĬһ˲Ҷ˵زأ
Ҫ㱧ţױ
ŮƢã
ҶûйŮˣٶȼӿ죬ʱýԼǣߵʵԷҪǲĻ׷Ůˣֻʱ⡣ϾŮܹȥĵط࣬ﵽΣյĵطΣյĵط϶Ҫߵĵط
ԣԷȫƶϳҪߵ·ߡ
ΪʲôңʱױͻȻ
ҶڵƯ
Ưױü
Ҷ˵ͷǺܶﶼ˵Ӣ۾ŮġҾá
Ҿ
ױҶĻ𣿡
Ҷʼ磬ǿߣ߾ǵȻ䡣Ե£˭˵׼أ
ױҶãȻΪʲôңȻȥҶĹ
Ҷһ޷棬뱧Ĵȡ
㵹̹ף
ױϧѱ˵㡣ңֻԼңԷܲ㣬ңԷһŹ㣡
ôҶ
ȲңױֱҶ֮ǰûˣԷǣ֮ǰˣԷ͵ϮǣһֲϼˣڣѾûԷֵ㣬̫ˡ㡭
˵⣬ͻȻͣ£ȻתͷԶˡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Ѿ׷ˡױ
£˲Զƾճһߣħ
ħĿҶ𣬡ӵĵͦģҺܺ棬һߣô
ҶûйħְױĸָսӴױʱױΪҪռˣɫһ䣬ܿ죬гһĨȣΪһɾӿڡ
Ҷױ˵ϣ޸һ壬ָܻٻָ٣㵲һᣡ
㵲ȷױҶʡ
԰ɣ
Ҷ˵꣬Ȼħȥ
ߣң
ħҡҡͷЦ
Ҷûзϻһ̯һ׸ǳϡ
󣬱Ȼòǣײĸȴǿˡ
һ׸㣡
£Ҷҽ͵һ̤洫Ź׸ǳħȥ


1471 Ӱߡս
ҶȻȳ֣ħҡҡͷϣ
˵꣬һӣһ𵴶
˵˵ߣ߶ϣ
䣡
ϵǣǹɾ绹ûҶǰֱӱһ飬ţҶħǰȻ˫ֱеĹ׸͵ؾһң
ħһĨȣû뵽ԼһȻûɱҶ룬ΪҶĹײĸѾͷˡ
ħֻƣȻһҶǹײĸϡ
죡
ǿֱ֮ӽҶǧ֮⣬ȻħҲ˽һٶɣ
һĻһ˵ױ۾ʱԲ룬ҶӦֱӻᱻԷɱġǣû뵽Ҷûбɱǽһǿ߸ˡ
ĿҶϣһֻ߾
ױҶ𾪵ħʱҲ֮ɫû뵽ԼȻһ߾ϸˣ
߾
ħҶг𾪣һ˿ɻǰһֻ߾
ԶҶ˷֮ɫҲû뵽ԼȻܹǿߣܹһǿߣԭ򡣵һԵʣʱѾǲ𾳵˿ǵڶԭҲҪԭǾײĸǣ
ȣײĸǺأǳأʹѾ𾳵ײĸǣеڼײĸǵ߽һ𣬱ǼΪֲġڼϸղߴУˣһֱӽԷˣ
ȻˣҶ˷ܵģΪʹʤǿߣǣǿǿ߿ģܿãһδ֪ˡ
Щ⣡
ʱħĿҶеĹײĸϣȻղһ֮ôǿܴһԭΪǣԼҲ򵥡ĺܺ棬㾿˭Ϊλ
ҶƳһԶױʱԷ֮ǰԷĺĬһ˲ҶҴ

ħ˫΢Уʻʱ뵽ʲô¿һԶױȻֿҶʱ䣡
Ҷ˵ħȴͻȻʧԭء
ԷʧԭأҶƤһҲľͱеĹײĸǰһң
䣡
һըҶٴαǧ֮⣬ħҲĳ˽ɣ
໥ģħǿҶǣҶеǱ׵ס˶ԷסһݻҶղҲȫһˣħֱڴ˱ˡ
ȻҶܣȻײĸǷ죬סħһǣܴһ͸ϡãѾǲ𾳵ˣ˶˵㲻ʲô
Ͼǻкڵģܹٶ޸Լ
ٴαˣħȻУѾû֮ǰĵȻ侲еֻкɱ⡣Ĭһ˲һҶȥҶͷɵľʱֽճȭȻ͵һȭҶ˹ȥ
ȭУ̺֮ûбˣһȭպҶΧֱ̮һ޴ӣˣҶΧĿռ䣬˿̾Ȼͬһ˴ޱȡ
Ҷ˫΢УʱȻ޷˵ģһˣƾûˡľǶԷ޾ĹңԶԷٶȣҲ˲ˡˣֻӲ
û˿ԥҶŹײĸ͵һб
䣡
һҶֱӱ˴ҽ˵֮УǣħҲǱس󵹷˽ٶɣ
Уħɫ΢΢ף֣Ҳ΢š俴һҶԭλãʱҶѾ֪ҵȥĬһ˲תͷԶ˵ױΣҿ˭ܾ㣬ôĶԹ˴ξһ˽ɣ
˵ţҪ֣ʱͻȻɫһ䣬ȻԭҶվλãʱǿУһֻ˳ţҶӿ˳
ûħҶ
ʱҶɫ԰ףǴѪˡǣȷʵûôأ׸ǵţԼǲ𾳵к޸ٶȣôܻأ
ҶĨĨǵѪȻŹ׸ǻħǿ߾
˵꣬ҽ͵һ壬ͬһöڵһ㵯ħǰʱŹ׸͵ؾһҡ
䣡
һըҶٴη˳ȥͬģħҲǱһξ롣һ̣ǱɳȥҶٴγħ˹ȥ
ħһĨ裬һ̣ٴγ֣û˿⣬Ҷٴα˳ȥǺܿ죬ҶֱŹײĸǳ˹
ҶһһεıɳȥǣһһεĳħȥҶӲħƴ˽ʱ
ħȻҲǱҶŭˣһαһκݣҶĹײĸǸסˡħкüרҶĹײĸǷ˹ǣʧˡǹײĸǵļӲ̶ȣȫڣûлٵҶĹײĸǣԼˣ
Ҷ˵ҶӦøصĲǣǣÿһηɳȥ󣬵ʱǻһѪ⣬˿ûһ
УħĿҶеĹײĸϣҶʵǸ޷ס֮ģǣײĸܣˣһʱ䣬ҶȻûޡ
Ĭһ˲ħһӣһ澵ֶҶͷ
һ̣֮ͻȻһɫ֮ǰҶһҪһЩ
ҶޱȡҴ⣬ӿȻӿеĹ׸֮С
ʱǵѾͷҶй׸ǾͶȥ
䣡
ǵڹ׸֮ϣҶ˴ֱӱ䵽˵صס
ԶһĻױ˫΢УԶħʱħҲϾϣҲ۵ǿЦ
ȣ
ʱ֮УͻȻһţҶŹײĸǴ˳
ʱҶνǱޱȣԭͷİ׷˿ֱںڣˣϵҲֻʣһˡеǹײĸȴȱһӶûб䣡
Ҷһ̣ħɫޱѿˡԭΪԼղһԳɱҶǣû뵽Ҷû
ǲ̫˵㰡
ױڼҶʱɫʱ΢ɣһҶȻջĿ⣬ʼҶڵĺ޸֮ǰܵˡ
ԶҶĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷԶɫѿħڴսٻغϣ
ħ


1472 Ӱߡѣ

ҶħЩˡҶڹ꣬򲻶ղڼǾʱѾûбˡǣû뵽ײĸǾȻܹס
ҶײĸģҲȥ飡
ԶױĿҲҶеĹײĸϣȻⶫҲע⡣ʵһʼע⣬ûôӣΪֻһ͵ڣײĸǵֵܹ֪Լˡ
ⶫĻҪǿ̫̫࣬˵ħҶ϶ֲ˺á
ħױʵҶԼʱҲޱȵġ
ǰ֪ײĸײĺǿΪ鶼ֻһǳǳӡֲۣû뵽⾹Ȼǿǿ߶κβ˵ĵز
ʵһײĸǣǾ޷һλǿ߿ģΪȻײĸܹסĹǣǿߵನҲǺǿģһˣǹನͿԷˡ
ͬѾΪǿкڣܹԴԴ޸壬ֻҪԷһɱ߸ɵ˺޸ٶȣȻܹڲ֮أ
ǿ޸ǿ
ܣ
һܣ
ΨһȽεǣȻ˼ҴǣҲԷңԷĸȥĻǻᱻġϾ棬϶ǲǿߵġ
Լȱ㣬ҶĺףԼѾȫȫܹǿˣ
ǣҲ壡
ײĸڣɹ˿أ
УħҶ˫ֻսطϷٳԱ񣬵û뵽һ߾гԱ񡣲˭գ
£˫һУɲǼ䣬ֻͻȻҶͷһ̣һֱֻӳ·Ҷȥ
䣡
ֻҶеĹײĸϣײĸǾһҶֱû֮Сֲֻû֣ǳŵصȥܿ죬صһһľΧ֮ڵĴؿʼҲţһ㣡
˽ʱֲֻʧ
ֻʧϢʱһֳֻǵص˳
һĻħƤʱһɫޱȵѿ
ħױҲˣȻҶı̬Щܵˡ
ȣ
Ҷһȣʱһ˿ѪĨĨǵѪȻħǼս
ħ
ս
ħʱ˿ɫѿ˼㣬γսǣƲײĸǰղŷ֣ϣֱҶ°зҲаȻʧˡҶֻǰһս
ħҶãһһԵ࣬ȻǺڣ
˵꣬һֱʧԭء
ȻҶȴûзɣɫޱȽ䱸һ̣뵽ʲôһֱӳױǰճױǰһ̣֮ǰʧħȴǹسǰȻһ
ȻһƱҪױģǣΪҶĵԣһƱ
죡
֮ǰһҶֱӱķ˳ȥħҲسٶɣ
ȣ
ҶһһĨѪڹ׸ǵĺ棬˫ڲѾѿʱ˫֣Ѿȫһ˫Ѫ֡ʵ֮ǰѾˡȻס˸ղħķ񹥻ǣֵôɣǿ壬඼Ѿѿ
кڣͱˣ
ԶħҶû뵽ԼļıȻҶʶˡ֮ǰҶûа취ʱĿױϡֻҪɱױҶҪɱʱѡԣü뿪ȻͻȻ͵Ϯױû뵽ҶȻʶļı
Ҷãħˣ֮飬ȥҿԼ̣Σ
̣
ҶҡͷЦЦȻǰԩԩ౨ʱˡ֮ĶԹӴһʹôȫ죬ȺȲ裬۵αشɱɱ˵أ
һʹ
ħЦһǿЦϷӲͱ͵ϮɱˡһʹСӣײĸǷʱκβ㣬ǣΪײĸǾͿһǿ߶Կ
ûôΪ
ҶҺһ㣬Ǿǰڻɱһ϶ͻʰҡ˵Ķ԰ɣ
ħҶãȻ˵ˣھʰ㡣ҾͲţһɱһ߾ϣ
£ѾҶǰȻһȭҶͺ˹ȥ
ȭռ
ħ֣ҶһĨɫһ̣еĹײĸ͵ؾһң
䣡
ȭײ˶ʱԳ󵹷˳ȥһ̣ħȴͣȻٴγҶǰһȭҶ˹ȥ
Ҷٶܾ͵
䣡
Ҷٴαɣһ̣ħֳҶǰһȭ
ʱħǷһ㣬һȭһȭҶ
ħôǿȭͷ֮˿ֲҪΪӵ֮֮һǿ˲֪١˵ǹײĸڣҶǸ޷ħȭͷģ
ڣħĹ£ҶҲЩܲסˡ
ǿߣܿ£
ʱҶѾû˻ֻ֮ѡ񱻶ˣڽڰˡ
Լ˰ʱǱһֱڷ񹥻ҶħͻȻͣתͷԶױʱױѾվ
ױûг֣ôħ
ħױãȻתһʧ˲Զ
ħȥһԵҶʱһʱνЩҵģɫҰףȫѾѿر˫֣ѵͷԿޱȡΪѿʱѾһѪˡ
ЩѪʱڱɱ¾֮գʵһʼɱ¾֮ľգǣѪʵ̫࣬ˣڿȻһѪˣ
ױҶһЦڳһЩҿɾ͹ˣ
ͺˣױ
ͺˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ȻΪβְæ
뿴ֶܼãױ
ѣ
ױĻһŭ˲ձҶȫţеĹײĸǶױ͵ؾһң


1473 磡
ҶĻˡ
ղ֮ƴƴϣױָֻܹҪָͿһǵΣȻͽˡȻû뵽ŮͻָˡȻԷȻվ￴
ղţǲ˰
ʢŭ֮£ҶûȥܶԷʲôǿߣֱӾһ׸ȥ
ʱҶȻױĶ֡
죡
һҶֱӵ˳ȥһɣɡ
죡
Ҷڵأһ
ҶմӵױǳǰױֱҶ
ҶĨĨǵѪױЦһҶһ˽ˣҶٻеߡֻ֣ҪԷңҾ;ڶԷͱӡ˵⣬Ҷɫ΢ڵ飬Ǹղž㣬㣬һһ˵мĶҡҡβͣأ磡
죡
Ҷ£жʱһھѪȻ˵˳ȥ
ȻױΪ
ΪҲɱ㣿УױԶڵҶ溮˪
ԶҶӵʱģȷʵҡΪ֮ǰħս඼Ѿѿر˫֣æͷɼ⵽ױι˸ˡ
ˣôصˣ϶ѾĲˡҲкϱ쳣ͦˣܹŵڣ
վҶгһȻǽ档
ս棬ҶֱױŮˣ㣬ҶϹҲֱˣҲ㣬ֻԼ˫۾ҲôҲû취ô·ҹҵĺӡҪɱҡǵøղһҾɱ㣬ǣŪ㻹ǿԵġ
вңױ˫΢Уб䣬̺ɱ⡣
в㣡
ҶֱָױҪǲˬǾƴʯ٣㿴»ǲ㣡
£ҶʣתͬʱĽ⻹ɱӿ⣬ȻûеĽ֮СˣͷϵĽӡһҲڽӡļӳ£Ľˡ
ױ˫ȭգҶû˵Ҳûж֣
ҶǷһĨŮˣǾ仰㣬ҶϹҲκˡ·ҹҵĺӣ˭Ҳ˭
˵꣬ҶתԶȥ
˶ãʱҶױ
Ҷͣ½Ų㣬ĸ죡
˵꣬Ҷһʧ˲Զ
ױҶʧĵطĬ֪ʲô

뿪ױҶһطȻóɾʯʼաˣ̫̫ˡҪȰ޸ãȻױ˵޷档Ȼʹ˺ˣҲط棬ٻһûС
йײĸڣǿߣֻҪԷݣҪȫˣ̫ѡ
ױֵϳ嶯֮٣ǣһ㶼ڡʵ֮ǰھױʱ뷨Ǻܺõģǣ¶ԷʲôģҲĴмİɣȻʵ֤ˣ
ʵҲϲÿ˶ܹ֮Ϊ˵ġЩˣ㼴ʹΪٶ࣬Ҳֻ⵱ȻĴмЩˣҪĸࡣ
ε飬Ҷ͵һѵˣ
УĽ룬ҶڿʼԾԴԴϴСɢ֫ٺȻ޸Ѿ챨ϵ塣
ʱ壬Ѿ챨ˡãкڣֻҪɱܹ޸
˵ĺأҶ˽ʱȫָ
ָû뿪ԭأڵأȻ֮ǰħʱĳÿһսܹܹණرǿߵĽ֡ҪľǽղǳսȻԼĲŵ㡣
֮
ħսʱõ֪֮֮ǿûй׸ǣǶԷĶ֡ʹӵй׸ǣħǱԷѹŴ
ˣҲѧֻһǣǿ֮䣬໹Ƿǳ
߾ǿ߾ûʲôˡӦ˵߾ǿ߶Ѿûвˡ
һʱҶ۾Ȼվ
ħսľѾգԷ֣ôǱˡԵĻȷʵȥҶԷսһսħ϶ǣȥҶԷԷ϶ģ
ԭأҶɨһܣһĨãȻڣȥδӣ
С죡
ҶͻȻ뵽С죬ΪС˵
ҶڣҵɽˮС졣ܿ죬С챻˳֮˵룬ΪСܲϲǳ磬ԣҶʱǳĲԸ
Ҷ£ǳˡ
СɨһܣȻĺϤأϢһС
ԣҶһϲ˵Сǰ϶ֻ׵ǣСȻôȥأ
ǰ϶Ҷ
ǣС˵ͷ
ôȥأҶæʡ
ȥ
Сüһᣬҡҡͷ֪أ
ҶߵСǰǳС죬һҪȻҿɾ군ˡ
Ϊʲô벻군أС첻⡣
ҶɬһЦ㿴ֻʣ£ܳȥҲ֮ˮҾͻ𣿡
СһҶ˻Ǻ𣿡
Ҷߣôϣ
СһЦûѽϲǺ顣
ˣͲܼˣҶ
ԣСգգۣȻôȥˣ
Ҷ
һţ
СһţҵǴǵųȥġ
ţ
Ҷæ
СԼͷ롣
һᣬͻȻ۾һ״Ҷһϲæˣ
ûаСգգۡ
Ҷ
СֵʵԼȥİ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ռ䣡
СǿƿĿռ䣬ȻͿԳȥˡ
ҶЦЦ̣ƲĿռ䣬̵˷ָ¾֮ǰλǿߵĴսûܹƻĿռ䣬Ƶÿ
ԪȻǺӽͼҲԡǣǺӽͼ
Ȼã
Ǻӽͼ͵ɱ
СһҶȻร룡
Ҷ
ãСͻȻתԶȻǱء
Ҷ˵ͷߣ
ʱСͻȻס֣ȻȥˣĻ
Ҷ


1474 С쾿˭

Ҷס
ĬһᣬҶǵطǲǺΣգ
С΢΢ҡͷҲ֪
㲻֪˵ȥ˻Ҷ㵵
о
СҸоȥ˻˼ҵĸоĺ׼ءԣ㻹Ǳȥˡ
о
ҶҡҡͷһҪȥ
㲻ҵĸоСЩˡ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷС죬ܹ죬ҷǳĸоǣ֪ȥȥأҲˣͿҪˡȥҵ֮ˮȥҲȥˣû׼ȥأ˵أ
СĬ
ҶЦУҾãΪǰΣգǾ͸ֹǰĵ·ϣǳ˲ȷʱ˵ǧȪӣ˻Ҳˣҹˣڻš
˵⣬ҶͻȻһתȻбķȥĻҿ϶ǲȥðյģңӣΣվʹܣңǣ޹ңеģɲУҪ̫̫ˡ
СãȻҡҡͷ취һǴȥһƿĿռȥ
ǾֻˣҶЦ
㲻𣿡Сʡ
£
ҶЦܶҶ£ǣ£ҲҪȥ
ˣ
С˵ͷǰϲ˯ǣҪ˯
Ҷ
ʱСָָԶһֱߣӦþܵˡףأҪȥˣ˵ţһֱӽ˺
С쾿˭
СҶԽˡûȥϸ룬ҶСָλȥ
ò˵ҶЩģΪطֵĿ϶ٶǿߡȻڿŹײĸǣܹǰԿǿߣǣɲǿߣΪ϶˷ʱ䣡
ط˷ѵʱ䣬Ѿ̫ˣ
ǰǺ廢ĵ̣ڿͻоʱʮײĸҲȲ㣡
ʱһͻȻҶ
Ҷͣ˽Ųתȥ˵ʶױ
˻Ա壬༫ΪӣֻҪŵϢضݡţԼǰԣĹײĸܾܲ㣡ױ
ҶױϣЩ˱޻¡ޣֱֱȥǲЩġ֪ɱңԣһأ֪֪治֪ģЩˣʶôϲֱͱӵ飬ԣˣҸԸޣ
ױ
Ҷʼ磬ôҪллѡ˵꣬Ҷתȥ
Σѡ·鷳һһ㣡
һڻɽλã֮֮һĻۣ֮ǧŵһţ̺ż侫ɽ򶾣磡ʱҶױͻȻ
Ҷͣ˽Ųתױ磿
ױ΢΢ͷȻǶ˵˵ãǻָѡ
ҶױãȻ˵ʲô
ױﲻԶһɽлǿԺʱõĻƽ֣

Ҷüͷ㲻˵ûʲô𣿡
˵˻ױʡ
˵ֻǻָѡҶ
֪
ױЦһ֪˵ָܹĶǶôǵǵѾͬʲͬһʯɾʯǶûаáԣÿҪָֻдȻԼתôܹõ˵̫̫
ǻԿٻָǵҶʡ
ױ˵ͷ̺侫Ƿãڼ˵ʱڻָǵ˴ڣͬ׵ǿ߶սʱ൱ڶ˰֮ǰдͲᱻħˣ
ҶĬһᣬȻͻƵ񣿡
кܴʣ
ױǷôкܴ硣޾ԣҲұ֤˴ܹ֮ͽ񡣵ǣ˵һᣬ𣿡
ȷʵһᣡ
Ҷ˵ͷֻǣΪʲôأ˵ҪΪʲôԼȥãҪң˵Ϊ˱֮ǰʲô֮Ҫģ֮ǰͲԹˡ
һСˣǣŮ֮ǰĲˬΪ£ԼһɵӡƴƴסԪħŮ˵ãͻָˣȴǲ֣ԭ뿴ֶܹá
ָоǳһŲӬ
˵ˡױ
Ҷ˰֣˵Щˡ˵ɣΪʲôҡ˲ϲĨǣУҸϲ˵ǹʹԣҪңȥǹʹֻ˵Ҫˣ
ױҶһᣬȻŵڻɽλãһҾˣҲɾĻ֮۶ɣʵǿޱȡȥضᾪһȻǱɽģȡǻ
ȥҶ
ôױʡ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣΪȥأ
ȥ𣿡ױʡ
ҶҡҡͷȥϾߡ£Ҳ㣬µͷ˵ûУûС
ǲױʡ

ҶȻҪһһ²Ϊβȥұˣң
صıºǿǲ㣬Ҳ㡣ΪβұˣΪҲ㵽ʱˣױֱͬס
ҶЦЦãҶ̹ףǳá߰ɣȥǸʲôɽ
ȻҪȥԣ
ױ˵˵һᡣܹﵽ⣬㳹׽ˡңﵽʵ϶Ҳ࣬ʱҪ뿪طҲ׵Ķࡣ
Ҫ֮ˮĿģΪܹӳȻʾ磬ֱܹ磬֮ˮȻԲҪˡ
ΣҪȥԣ
Ҷױˡһ·ϣҶױһľ룬ʱ̽䱸ŶԷ
Ů˵ƷһҲŵġ
Ǹ÷ĻҪ
һ·ϣױҲɫ䱸Էڽ䱸Ҷڽ䱸ܡҶ֣ߵ·ߣҲǹȥģȻطױ̤㡣
ҶɫԽˡ
ױʵﶼûСģοأ֮ǰҪһߵС˵ǵǺܲʵ˵¾ױԵΪױ˵طûȥ
Ҷ˭ʱױȴûлش
Ҷ˸ûȤҲʣʵʵš
Լ˰ʱױͻȻͣҶ֣ɫЩѿ
ôҶʡ
ǱΧˣױ
Χ
Ҷסһ̣ȫëʱ


1475 
Ҷܣ֪ʱһ׳٣Щٳɫô֡ҶױΧȫ٣ʱЩͬһ㳯ҶױΧȥֲĵطǣֹǵ棬ʶ鲼ֺɫ٣
ʲôҶʡ
ױûлشɨһܣϹֻ֣·˵أð
ð
ʱһͻȻܴ̤˵ؿʼѾðϷˡ
£ΧЩٶʱҶױȥ
Ҷɫ΢䣬΢ײĸǳϣҪʱױȴǱ졣
ױв֪ʱһɫ˿ֻһԭתɲǼ䣬ɫҶΪģһһ俪
䣡
Уһը
Щٷ·޾һ㣬һһܰΧ濴ĻʱҶܵЩѾγһ޴ԲȦԲȦʱҶױ
ȥǰ취Ҷ
ʱױȫ뱻ǸħӰӶûмȥױԷɱ϶ҲҪԷ
а취ױҶ
Ҷ˵ͷ
˵ױ
ҶɨһܣȻˣֻɵ£Ż֣Ȼֻ޼ɵĳ֡ԣڱˡ
˵꣬ҶеĹײĸһǰһƬֱ˹ȥ
죡
Ҷȫһ֮£ǰƬֱӱҵķ顣Ҷû֣ͣǼǰҹȥ
ױһҶҲ֣һӣһɿֲе˿֮бӿ
䡭
ױȫ֮£ΧһƬֱӱޡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷױû֣֮£ΧЩԽԽ٣

ʱһŭͻȻڳ𣬽ţһ߳ҶױǰԶ
߿Щ죬Ϊϰˣ±ȴɣˣ˫ҲǸ֦һΪ졣
ǰߣױ֮ɫҶȴƽĺܣΪ֪Է˭
ŮˣңĿױ
֮ǰ˵ֻ·˵أðױ
ѵ㲻֪˵عأ
ױÿһˣÿһ޶ԼԽҵ򣬻˵ð
ױ˵ʱҶȴҡҡͷø˵ˡʹ򣡡
˵꣬ҶֱӱеĹײĸǳ߳˹ȥ
ױͬʱ΢΢һȻǶû뵽ҶͻȻ֡Ĭһ˲ױûڷϻһ߳˹ȥ

Ҷױ֣߶ʱŭɽң˫һУɲǼ䣬ɫܿռֶ֮ȫҶױȥ
䡭
ɲǼ䣬һƬһͬըľ
Լ˽ʱͻȻƽ
ߣ
߿ҶױɫĿ¡
Ҷ˹ײĸǣȻԵױ߰ɣ
˵꣬תԶȥױһߣȻæȥ
Ҷױȥɱ⼸Ϊʵʣȴûг֡

Ҫǿࡣ·ϣױ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪
֪ղŻôױʡ
ҶһױȻһʼԵɾͶǳʱҾ֪׾ٷȥʱ򣬾ͺñսʿʿͻǿԣǲʾҪ֪ǲҪѡʱͻ侲ˡ
˵⣬Ҷ˶٣Ȼ˵ӸԣϲӲԣܶʱǲһ֣ǸɣղţӲʱѡЭѡǲЭ·̵ģԭطأʲô
·ʽܶˣҲ
ױҡҡͷҲһƢȽϱˣҶһȣоԼƢĺ̫ˡҶ£ܶʱʵе㲻ƺ粻ǰȻҪʯ١ǲò˵һΣȻĺɱˣȷʵǼɵҶ
Ҷ˵ҶɱǣҪŪǿԵġ
ˣ룡
ԣʱˡ˵ʱǳ棬ҶӮˡǣʱ̵ĻҶһ˶ѣ
ԣҶƫΪʽôͬ
ˣ
ҶҡҡͷҲɡ˵ЩˣǼӿٶȰɣûȤԷЩ˷ʱ䣡
ױһҶҲ˵Ȼ֪ҶʱǷǳðģȻȥҶƨɡ
£ٶȽǼӿ졣
һʱҶоΧĿԽԽˡ˵ǸʲôɽҪˡ
ֹ˰ʱΧǹԽԽǿʱҶòɱֵ
ʱҶױͣ
ǧ⣬һɽɽʱҶȫ𺳵ˡɽеĻɽȫһֻɽǻɽһȼյĻһʵһŻ棬Żܴ󣬺ܴ
ҾޣʵΣҶ
ǿ
ױԭط˵

ҶһױǴģ
ױ˵ͷ
Ҷʡ
ױһҶôʲô
Щ棡Ҷ
ױջĿ⣬ԶɽʵЩܶҾ޸ûʲôãΪԼĻϵˣ˵ȫǼߡϧһһֱռûڵĻĻܹͱ˰ˡ
ϵҶס
ױ˵ͷĻϵĴڣ

Сף
һ̣Ҷ뵽СסΪСäŮ˵С׿ЩС׻ڵĻҪõǻӦ׾ٵ顣
ϧ
Ҷһܹųȥǰ磬ȻȥǸʲô壡
Ҫ帶ѪĴۣ
һȥҾߣȻǱȥסõߣȻȥĻʮġΪɽڣ൱޵еĴڡ˵㣬ɽڣǿֶɱױص
Ҷ˵ͷҾͻ᳷
ױ΢΢ͷȻһʧ˲Զ
ĬϢ
䣡
ԶǻɽͻȻһ޴ֱʣɲǼ䣬Ƭʶ˻ƣͬʱһֻͿȵҾ˳ʡ
ǿ
ֻҾˣҶɫޱȡҾ˿϶ħҪǿ࣡
ܿ죬ֻҾױսսһᣬ˽Զɽ
ҶһֱӻһӰûǻɽ֮С
ġ
Ҷսɽ֮ʱɽڣͻȻҶľ


1476 
ȣ
ڽɽڲһ̣Ϊ¶̫ȵԭҶֱӱˣ
Ҷ֮ԾҲΪԭΪû뵽ڲ¶ȾȻֲ޷ֿĵزҪ֪ڿǲ𾳵
ãؼʱæ˽ɱ⽫Լ
˽ɱİʱоࡣ
ûԥҶɨһܣȻȥԽ¶ԽߣҶòһֱɱֿš
֪˶ãҶͣ
Զһŷ·ɻ۵ĻŻҶһĨȣΪϣźͨͨĹӣЩҽͨ죬棬ɢŵĻɫ⡣

˵ǻ
ҶûֱȥãСع۲ܣ˭֪Ҿ˾ûбвˣ
һͻȻðһֻҾˣǾͺˣ
ȷûΣպҶǻǰȻһУöʱյڡ
˳
ǳ˳
Ҷ׼ʱͻȻͷ棬棬һǷյģʲô
Ĭһ˲Ҷתߡ
϶ʲô˵Ǳǣûȥ̰˲̫̰̫̰ˣ󸻴󣬵ȴȡ˵õѾ㹻ˡ
ʱǻȴͻȻ˿
Ҷͣ½Ųͷȥдһ˿䱸֮Ҷʱסˡǻ룬һС

Ҷһʱ뵽ҶûйܶԷҪȥʱŻȴͻȻǰţֻ֮Сַ֣ǳСӤ֣󣬺ܿ죬һϸСԴҲǻ֮˳
ת˲һȫ죬ɢŻСŮҶǰСŮֻ꣬ǿɰҶȴĽ䱸
СŮΧҶתȦȦг˺档
ʱҶڵСͻȻһתһӿֱӰСŮ˺ڣ
Ҷסˣ
ת˲Ҷɫ䣬Ҫڣʱڻɽ⣬ͻȻһЪ˹ŭţһɻصѹҶϮ
ɣ
ҶŭһȻһӳ˻ɽӳɽһ̣һֻȭֱЯһɻ˳˹
Ҷɫһ䣬æ˹ײĸǵǰ
죡
Ҷֱ˴׸ǵ˳ȥ
ɳȥһ̣һɫ˿ͻȻȻסţױǰȻץסļһʧ˲Զ
ˣױʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ױɫһϲҪ˵ͻȻתͷԶֻԶһɻϮ
һĻױü΢Ĭһ˲Ҷղʲô
ҶɬһЦʲôûϵǺĹ
ױҶһ뿪Լĵ̣ڣһֱ׷ǣңҸоóܷŭ϶ֹ˹ӣ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵֹ
ԣױɫʲôڣ̽Ȼǻ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ױЩŭطΣգҪһֱ׷ǣôӣҪӵһЩΣյĵطȥǻḹܵУǸ޷ɱ˵ǣһǿҲԻɱף
Ҷ룬Ȼ֪е㸴ӡģҵı⡣ȴӣҳԽһ¡
һӣ
ױҶһڣǲԼȥɣ
˵꣬˵ץסҶļӿٶȡ
ҶЦЦרֿ顣Щ㿴ˣҲȹ˹ԼԼʵôգԼ𰡣
ҡҡͷҶڣҶڵһɨһ飬ûзСŮ
⣿
Ҷ˵ڶ㣬ȻڵڶڣСŮʱСŮǵ¯ǰһ˲˲ضŵ¯𡣶һᣬС֣Ҫ𣬵ȴֺڼɵʲô˻ȥǣֺȻ˳ȥ
ҶСŮǰСŮƺҶڿҶʱһЦȻתͷ
ҶһһֱãǺСŮϽģڿȻǡӦΪ
룬Ҷǰ㲻ҪɣЩ໥ܹԼԣŻô롣
ʱͻȻһ棬ٶȼ죬ֱûСŮü䣬ƻûСŮüʱСŮʱһ飬ţСŮϵЩʱʼҼȻɱš
һĻҶһҪСŮǿСŮ˳ۣȻһԵ
СŮȻСǣ϶ǲġ֪ʲôģ֪ǿû׼ǹײĸܹջˡ
ʱСŮƽ
˿̣ҶоСŮɢĻ֮ǰӿֲˡ˵СŮ϶ˡ
СŮ˵һĻԵ
ȥɣʱһ
ҶһȻСŮСŮߵǵ¯ǰȻС𣬼û˺СŮȻԵ쳣ĸˡ
ʱҶߵСŮԣЦԺҪлᣬ
СŮõϿɣ϶ǲʲôΣյģȻСһ׮
СŮתͷһҶЦĸˡ
СŮĿУҶ뿪˺
ʵС
ڼҶͻȻһСŮʱױƤʱһ㡭
Ҷʼ磬ȻСŮҾȥҾԭҪ֣ǵҶеСŮʱʱͣ
СŮҾʱɫһϲȻһҾ˵ǰ֪СŮҾ˵ʲôҾ˿Ҷû֮ǰĵ⣬ȴһ˿䱸
Ҿû˵һҶױȻתȥʱСŮȴͻȻɵҶǰȻᱧ˱ҶţתصҾ˵ϡ
Ҿûͣ½ŲҲûлͷСŮϳҶ֡
ãҾСŮʧҶС
ҶջĿ⣬Ȼһöױǰһöö
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
ױ˿ԼǰĹӣȻҶȥģ
ûйϵ
˵꣬ҶһֱʧԭءױȻԷǣԷκεĽ
ˣԶһЩã
ԭأױҶȥķ򣬳Ĭ֪ʲô

뿪ױҶһΪȽϰȫĵطȻֱûصףڽصײǧɺѱ׷˳ţ˽˱ףٽţ˺ڡ
һҶóһö¡



1477 

ﵽ飬ͿԵõʵҲõȵ
Ȼ֪ǿʵ϶ʲô׶ˣرŸյ߲áû취Ҳûѡ
ܲܳȥİɭû֮ˮЩһδ֪
ԣֻܳ
ֻպˡкڣôģǵúһЩʱˡ
֮ԽȻСĶŪĶ϶СҪΪʲôǿ˻ޣˡңںڣõʱҲ١
Ͼһ죬൱ʮġ
һôǾںڳ̾磬֮ۡ棬񣬿϶췣ٵġ
ڣҶڵأǻںһɼ侫Ļϵʱͬˮһڱ
ȣǳȣãڵ뾭ԳܵסϾǲ𾳵
ʱһһȥҶɢϢԽԽǿˣϻɢ档
Ҷ棬ϦѾûĿҶϣһ˿ǡ
ҶȻ֪ģζҶ˵ҪɹãʧܵĻҶĴͱķǳˡ
һΣҶɹܾ͵óʣ
УҶϢԽԽǿ
һ
䣡
һɿֲҶڱ˳ܿ죬ƾʧ
ԶϦվһ˲˲ضҶ
ܿ죬Ҷ۾
ɹˣϦæʡ
Ҷҡҡͷһ㣬Ͳһ㣡
ԣϦɫһ漴չһЦ£ǻлᣡ
Ȼлᣡ
ҶЦЦȻ˫۱ţڵСзתСеתʱСӿ˳
Ȼô
ҪҲǵΪʱ򣬶ֻҪһͻƴף
źĳ֣ҶɢϢ֮ǰҪǿˡ
һڣɽˮСͻȻ̧ͣͷһۣȻͻƾأ
СԣСڿһۣû˵
Ҷغǳʧȥ˰ҶˣֱӱСŵܡԴˣǵȻԹԡ
УС쿴ʳĬãȻջĿ϶Ǹһͻƣû췣ⲻǵ𣿡˵ţڣڣԺҪͻƣɲҪͻƣ𣿡
ڿС죬дѯʡ
С΢΢һЦ췣ʵܶ˾췣Ūͷ˵ģǲԵġҪҪͷˣȫǳСʱͽ췣ʱ㣬ǿ췣з𣿵ûУΪʲôأΪ첢ûȥķչ
˵⣬ҡҡͷǣ޵˵һ޴ģرЩǿޣÿһεؼôȥһ磬ͻʧġ
СãȻȻС˵ģǲǺܶ
ʱСֵƣϣҪƣû򡭡ᱻ滵ġ֮㲻ҪͻƣΪ췣˻ޣǿġʵϣľϸˡͻƣȻ㲻췣ΣգǣʵϻľϣԶЩ췣޵ġңܻͶȡɵ
СһۣȻ̧ͷһֿۣС죬Ȼ˵ҶΪʲôҪͻơ
СĴڵԴЦͬǽޣֱָģԼʲôԼƭԼԣľϣǲġʵǾ͸ûˡ췣ܹˣһ췣˵һ嶼ûУΪʵѾȫ񾳵췣̫̫ࡣ
˵꣬Сһվ˴ڵıϣˡôȥҪôģĺܺأ
˵꣬СߴڣҲ˳ĵ˵ͷȻСڳԶȥ
ڴڵĴ£СŲ֪СʧԶ
ڡ
ʱҶϢѾǿһΪֲĴڣǹϢõԶϦоЩļ£
ʱҶڷ֮ǰöˣԼĺȥ̼
ںǻ˫Ч֮£ϢԽԽǿʱϢѾһЩˡ
ʵҶȻ粻ߣǣҪ֪ʱ൱ߵģԽĻĻߡҲ֮ǰΪʲôܹŹײĸǿ߿ԭ
һ
ҶͻȻһɿֲƣܿ죬Ʊӿڡ
ʱҶ۾Уһɾâһ
ɹˣһԣϦæʣ΢
ҶһϦȻһ̾
ԣϦɫʱɷףܿ죬ߵҶǰȻסҶ֣£ΣҶ㣡
ʱҶͻȻס֫ȻͷһǣЦֻͻƵѣԭֱͻƵߵģϧˡ
ҶĻϦ΢΢һ̧ͷҶУǺεϲ棬ģ
Ҷ˵ͷЦڣѾǰˣطڿԻĲôľսˣ
ʱϦͻȻסҶ죬Ҷ΢΢һȻû뵽ϦôҪӦʱ촽ͻȻϦһҧȻмʹͷɫЩκϦЦˣ
Ϧҡҡͷû¾ͺã
ֻ˵ʱû£ҶûԼʲôط棬ڵʵ˵ģѾȫˡҲһЩԱ
Σ㣡һֱϦҶ
ҶһůסϦ֫ϦʫŮСЩˣҶܶĶ
Ϊǣ˵ʲôٻ󣬾ǳǽԷ
Ȼף½Ľܾʧȥǣ
Ϧ´һҶ뿪˺
ʵУѾȥʮ졣
ʱ˵ѾûôҪˡ
ߵһǧң꣬Ҳ˵ڽǧ
ǧܶ࣬ʵҲһǺӽͼѣ
ڿ϶ǲʩչˣ
Ҷ뿪˵صףȻɨһܣʱһֲϢվλϮ
ܿ죬һ߳ǰ
߲Ǳˣħ
ԷôҵԼ
Ҷסܿ죬ˡΪص׺󣬲ûýԼ
ҶħɫûŮڣҿ˭ɱ㣡
£ֱӳҶ˹ȥ
ҶŤŤӣһײĸǳϣϲģҽҪ


1478 ڤ
¡
ҶŹײĸǾͳħ˹ȥ
ħɱ⣬ҲϻֽճȭȻһȭҶĹײĸǺ˹ȥ
䣡
߸һӴռʱһţ˸ԳԵĺ󷽵˳ȥ
Ҷڵɳʱͣħʮʱͣ
ӱһҶ·磡
ħɫȴҶﵽˣ
Ҷ˵ͷյģɣ
Ҳϣ
ħ˵һ䣬һֱ̣ӳҶǰȻٴһȭҶ˹ȥ
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ħҶɫѿΪ֣κβҶˡ֮ҶҪǿ࣬Ҷǹײĸǵţ֮ȻҶǣڷҶһײĸǻҪֲĵط
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ҶĻָʵֲ̫ˡڽսĹУҶԱˣǺܿ죬Ҷͻûһ

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ħҶãȻתһʧԭء
ƴȥܹɱҶԼ϶ҲᱻҶӲϲСطҶϲУǵڸûԣѡ뿪Ҷ֮䣬ûʲôޣ˵ף֮ǰҶֹɱױҶɱ⣡
ɱҶСһЩĻôڣҪɱҶҪصĴ۲ܹôȻֵãԣѡߡ
ҶҲûȥ׷Ϊ׷ҲûáħɱͬģҲɱ˶Էڵʵǿ֮䣬вģ࣬ڿùײĸֲйײĸǷԷɱ
ǣҲɱ˶Է
ֻһ޷ɱԷǴﵽߣȻֻһߵӵնν˻ܹɱԷɱ˶ԷҲܹԷв
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ѾûŵвҪľ뿪
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Ҷٶȼӿ죬ûĿŵýԼǸģѾﵽ񣬽ȻҲǵõڣǿȻǿ߶Է
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ѪŮ
ԭڵֿǹҶֱסˡ


1479 ң˭
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Ҷһʱ뵽ʲôڤ
һʱ뵽ڤ
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Ҷе͹ţеˣڤں񶼲ʲôƲ磬äŮã΢ºһЩ
ȥ𣿡ʱױʡ
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ҶҡҡͷȻ߰ɡ˵ţԶȥ
һԣױ״ҲȥҶ˵Ǹ޷ӡȻǿߣǣǿ֮УҲǿġңЩˣǲԾǵʵġ統ңӣʱߣǣ˼ȴǿ߶նɱ
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Ҷҡҡͷ˭ãڤˡҵʵǺ֪ڤûһ򵥵Ļɫ
ܿ죬Ҷױͣ
ǰԶһŮӣŮͷǺɫģԣǲͷҶϸ֮²ŷ֣ǸѪѪɵͷ֮⣬ŮһϲѪɫĳȹͬģⳤȹҲѪ۶ɣ
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ѪŮһҶȻ˵ͷ
ʱҶ뵽ʲôѪŮǸ˵ң˭Ƚ
ԣѪŮĬˡ


1480 ֪֪ߣ
ң˽򣬽׿ʵȻ˵ġǣѪŮҲ֮ͬңʵҲӹɵġǴȻɨĴڣˣҶܺ棬ˣ˭һЩ
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ҶȻ֪ڤһ㣬ܺݣǣûʣеĿʣеͲˡ

ʱѪŮֵȻǿǣҲܹסġ
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ѪŮĬһᣬȻˣؼ䣬һӵ֮ȴأֻмԷĴ˵ûм˼Էݡ˵⣬˶٣ȻֵԺлĻԷ
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ʱѪŮͻȻʵ츳дˣԵպɾͣңȻǰǱ
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ȻߣҪ֪ҶǼп뿪طġҶûǸʵѪŮУҲһעҪ֪ǻֻؾǿɱѪŮģ㲻ãʱҲΣա
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УҶֽճȭȭϣɢ޵⡣Ҷ棬ױȻҶֻһ񣬵ϤҶûӻߴ⡣
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£ҽ͵һ̤棬ͬһöڵٶȼ죬˲ױǰȻֱһȭͳױ˹ȥ
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Ҷ˵ͷףҲ͵ģ
ѪŮ΢΢ͷߣмɲͣˣ˼ֳɾͣԼ˲ʵ뷨ˣߡǿߣ֪֪ߣ֪ԼΪˣԶ͡츳УҲУԣԸı䣬е˸ı󣬱ԽԽǿˡеˣԽԽԣʱʡġ
˵꣬ױҲǣ
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1481 СС죬ѽ
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۽ӣսԪʲôʱηηˣ־ͳ֣ѵһǲɣڵǣӵеʵ𣿡
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˵꣬䳯ǰ̤һһ̤ʧӰ٣֮һʧģսԪ


۽ʧһ̣ڣڵϵѪŮͻȻ۾Ȼ̧ͷʣˡ
˵꣬һӣԵҶױֱӱ͵֮⡣
Ҷױʧһ̣۽սԪѪŮͷϿա
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۽ɨһܣҶ˵أֻΪŮɱŮ֮ҶԻȥ
۽ĻΧЩʶʱ糱ˮȥ
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Ȼʱ˱ѹƳԷȷȷʵʵֻؾֵһ˵ǣطѹΪǣ˲һʼǴӴģһֱ̣ӱѹΪ
ȻһĿռ䣬ǣλ档ʲô磬ͻʲô硣ͬģǳȥĻͬᱻѹƣ
ѪŮĻ˵ϵƵ˸ƻ˭ƻǴҪϵΪС
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ѪŮ۽ǷһĨаЦ֣ܴʮġ
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۽ЦһѪŮڤȻѹǵ

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ҶȻûȥֵģּս岻֣ȥǿвֻ֣ѪŮңԣֻܿţ
УսԽļңؼ䶼ڿʼҼָ֮оΪΧĿռھҼš
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·Ҷг˵֮ɫȻѪŮǣڤŮ֮䣬źĸ飬ѪŮҲ㲻ңѪŮ˵Ļ˭ȥˣˡѪŮܣԷױɱ
ԣѪŮǾԲܰܵġϧʲôҲּս޷㣡
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ҶĬʣѪŮǿǣʱԷǶһңѪŮѹԼľ磬ҪֳһݾѹԼľ磬ȻҪԿֻؾǿߡ
ѪŮ˵ǼΪġ
УսԽԽңҶ֣ΧĿռ侹ȻЩѷ죬Ȼϸ˿ǣȷʵˡ
Ҫ
ҶױҲһĻУǾ֮ɫĿռ䣬ļ̣˾ȻĿռ䶼ܹѣȻأǣڴȥĿռǼпܱģ
Լʱ
ǲ
һͻȻ𣬽ţҶױĿ֮УʵĿռͻȻ˿һѷ֩һ㳯Ѹӿޱȣ
ҪˣʱҶԣױ
Ȼױµһ̣һɿֲѹͻȻƾճܣѹʱҶʱһ䣬ֱӱѹڵϡ
ǣ
ҶһæӿԼĽɱֿ⾳ָֺǹѹȻѹЩ
㿴ʱױͻȻָָʡ
Ҷ˳ױָʣʱʣ֪ʱһֻ޴۾
ۣ֮
֮ҶǰĲֻ࣬۾ǰҪࡣ
˿̣ʵսҲͣǵ۽սԪнһĨɵۣ֮˵ǵڵʵ۷ʱڶ֮Ӳ
ѪŮɫûôأУֻһĨ
˶ûڳ֣֮Բ֣Ȼ֮۵ע⣬Ȼԡǵ۽ˣѪŮʱǱ֮ԣǾһѣ
ʱ֮ͻȻɫɫֱ·ȥ
ȻѪŮ۽ˣҶױ
һĻҶƤһʲôЦԼû
ʱһ׹ͻȻҶǰӿ˳׹ɢȥСҶԡ
Ҷס˵СȴͻȻ̧ͷۣ֮Ȼ֣֮ЦСС죬ѽþòءร㾹Ȼֱأϲѽ
Ҷ


1482 
˲˼ĿС죬СŮ֮۴к
ȻһĻȴǾ°ͶΪǿЩͻȻͣţȫص֮֮Сţ֮۾ȻƣһԴĻ⶯ڵͷҲڴк
ʯرҶ֮۾ȻСк
ʱСͻȻƮۣ֮״ҶæסС죬С΢΢һЦõĵģССģ˺ң

ҶʯʱСѾ֮۵ǰţ˵Ŀ֮Уۣ֮֮۲ûзһܸ˵ģ
һĻ۽սԪ֮ɫѪŮҲž֮ɫ
ۣ֮
УһֲĴڣֻؾǿҲСۣ֮Ӧ˵Ҳɵۣ֮رֿȴۣ֮֮ۡɱֻؾǿߵģ
ʹǣҲҿ֮۵ģ
ǣû뵽ڣһСŮȻһ֮۴кңŵСŮȻۣ֮Ǿò˼֮۾ȻԸСŮ
֮۰
У۽սԪСʱгɻ󣬻һ˿䱸
ŮڿСʱͬɻȻʹҲûм顣
ʡ
Сۣ֮СС죬ģԼ϶򲻹ֵģˣԼҲ϶˵ġԣˡԼȥɡòã
֮ͻȻɢ˵⣬С콻
Ĭһ˲СͻȻתͷѪŮˣԲǣǣǲƻĿռ䣬ԣҪܵĻֿٳһճȻȥûɣ
۽ĿһС죬Ȼû⣡
Ȼû⣬˵⣬֮һֵĻǾͱˡƽʱǲµģȻۣ֮֮ҲκβǵģϾֻ֮ǿȴۣ֮֮ۻһġ
ڣԱ߻һѪŮѪŮۣ֮һʤ㶼ûС
С˵ͷȻѪŮѪŮһۣû⣡
СһѪŮأȻѪչ̶ֳȡ
ҲҶ͸ѪŮֱС졣
СһЦȻתͷۣ֮ʱ֮ͻȻ·Ҷ
һĻҶƤʱһһﲻǷԼѪɣȻʱСͻȻƮǰȻ󿿽˵ü䣬ʱһѪҶͷ
Ѫ֣ʵ֮۶ʱҪֵļޡ
ǰɱۣ֮Сʡ
Ҷ˵ͷƱҲаǸѪ־֤
Ĭһ˲СͻȻץסҶͷǸѪ֣Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮УǸѪ־ȻֱӱСץţ࣬ǸѪֶʱѪʧ˿С
СС֣Ȼ̧ͷʵۣ֣֮֮СС죬߰ɣԺлһġ
ʣ֮ƣȻ󽥽ת˲䳹ʧ˿С
֮ʧѪŮĿһ·С죬Ȼתͷǵ۽սԪûзϻһһѪ
սԪ۽ҲǿһС죬Ȼ
һᣬΧĿռٴβһҪܶܶ࣬ȻѪŮѾٳսˡ
·СҪ굽ȥȴǱҶסˡ
ʶۣ֮Ҷʡ
С˵ͷʶѽǰˡɺˣźöĵ磬һǲͬɫġ
֮ۺ桭
Ҷӳ˳飬ȻЦȻʶ֮ǰΪʲô˵أǸأʶǹȥһ仰𣿡
ڲ
СЩ޹ղŸܵʱҲ
ҶСãȻʧˣ
ǰ
С˵ͷǣණ飬ǰģڼǣҾͻءûҾ벻ѽ˯ǵĻԺһֱ˯ˡ
ҶС죬㾿˭أ
Сޱȵĺ档С죬̫ˡܸ֮ѡ֮һգ
ҶĻСգգۣԺ˾͸㣬òã
ҶһС죬Ȼ˵ͷã
˵꣬ԥһ£Ȼֵ֮ܲ۰ѣѪŮ֮۰Ļǿ϶ܹʤġ
Сҡҡͷܡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
СССۣ֮һһֹ򣬼ȻǹǾҪƽ˽ԲκϵУǺ롣Ϊʱζˡԣ
Ҷ˵еۣ֮ǱһЩƿصģôأ
Сÿطйġߣеۣ֮ǿܾͻ֮֮ϣµһ򡣵ûʹһЩС֮ۿܻһЩǣҲǽҪԸ˷ʲô£㣬ղ˽֣СС϶ɱ㡣
Ҷ
Сֵ֮СС뿪һԭǾʵǿǸŮˣҪֵĻССǳΣաССܶʱǲԴתġû취ֻܰˡںˣҶһ
СĻҶΪʲôҪˡǵѪŮֽۣ֮ʵܣΪղ֮۳ʱֱӾͶǳ˷˹㲻ãҿܻ
СԣѪŮǿֵĻҪ֮ۻĲʲô⣡
Ҷ̧ͷգȻ˭ʤ
϶ǸŮ˰СȻ
ҶС죬Ϊʲô
Сʼ磬Ҳ֪ҾӮңӦϾҪӮˡˣҪȥˣԼСЩ˵꣬һֱûҶǰ
ʱ
䣡
ؾһ·ʲôըһ㡣Ҷһæ̧ͷȥֻʣһŮӻѪԴԴϳӿȥ
ŮӣȻѪŮ
أҶʡ
ѪŮѪ𣿡
ҶһѪʱѪԶԶϴʾͷӿȻûѪŮڡ
ǵѪѪŮֵ
Ҷ
ѪŮҾѾѹסҪ̽Ϊһһ£Ҫ˴ңԣ
ҶæԼظ֤ģڣûκܹŵ㣡ѪŮڶ˵Ȼûʲôġֻؾǿ䣬Ѿûʲô޸ˡ
ѪŮ΢΢ͷȻ˫ۻţϢͻȻʼ
ȻҪֱӳֻؾ
ʱһߺ׵ĳʡ
ĿѪŮϣȻϣյǵѪǺǡֻؾǿߵѪǾĺܰҲѹѹסԼľˣ
ʱѪŮ̧ͷһۻߣת˲ջĿ⣬ȻҶǵղ˵Ļ𣿡
˵꣬ѪŮ˶٣ֵˣҪ˵㻰
Ҷ


1483 
ԣҶɫʱ
ղǴֻؾǿ߹֮طѾû˻ܹвˡϾѪŮ⣬Щ˿϶ǲҹġ
û뵽ͻȻðһ
˵ԷѪŮ϶ֻؾҶԷһģʵ϶ڸղ֮ϡ
ֻؾ
ҶЦЦܵסûǳ
ʣ߿ûҶĿֱѪŮϣѪŮҪֻؾһ죬ǵȺܾˡΪһ죬ǲϧˣǵѪȻֻؾҲûʧȻ̲סջǵѪ
ı
ҶˡղʵģˣȻѪŮյǵѪѪŮѹƲסԼľ磡
һܲף
Ҷ̧ͷߣһҺܲףΪҪֻؾǿأȫһαҪֻؾǿأ
ˣ
ҡҡͷǲ֪µ֪𣿵Χģвֻؾǿߣ֪һ֮ɱֻؾǿߣʣµҲˣûñˡ԰˵ˣ˶һܹɱ
ԣҶʱһ
ֻؾǿߣ
ѪŮȻһ֮ŪֻؾǺεȵ죿
ҶҶԲԶױҲޱȡ֪ѪŮǿӵɱʱ֪û뵽ѪŮʵȻѾ̶ֲֳȡһ֮ɱֻؾ
ֻؾ
һ˻ɱֻؾǿߣֲ̫ˣ
ʱֵԣʹ֪ʲôλã֪ڤЩŮʲôλãǣҲûֻؾǿΪҪ׾ɱǣʮֻؾǿ߶ϾǸ⣬µ˫۾ҲǺܿµİ
£
Ȼ˵äŮ
ʵҶҲäŮ˫ۣûʣΪоЩò˵˫۾򵥰ȻҲһֻؾǿ߼ɵˡ
ʱֵֻؾǿߣѹסԼľ磬ѹסԼľʱ˵ֻؾǿߣǿ߶ܹɱˡΪҪָֻؾԼԼֻһ飬У޷жġڣѾԼֻءȻʵػֻز߸̣һʱָܹǣ˵ֻҪֻأҪɱһϢ͹
˵⣬ЦЦֻҪɱʣµЩڤͼ򵥵Ķˡ
Ҷˡ
ǰڤŮԣ粻ɵ֮ûɳǿᱻѹƾ⣬һԭǾǼɵѪŮˣҪѪŮΪ˽ѪŮǲϧȵڣһ
һУΪɱѪŮ
󣬴ЩˣǺεȵļɵѪŮʵҲϾѪŮ֮
һжˣ
ʱͻȻҡҡͷȻһӣһ·ѪŮȥ
ǵҪ䵽ѪŮʱһͻȻƿնֱӺǵϣǵըޡ
ͬʱҶѪŮǰȻῴѪŮ߻ɱʱѡԹۣԼῴԼͺñȵڤŮûпŰ¹Ժаɵ˻ɱһڤŮҲԹۣɰ¹ԺϦаɻɱǣڤŮûУ
Ϊʲô
ǽҶѣ
ڣѪŮӲұ֤һܹסߣǣᾡ
һԣױԥ£ȻҲҶԡ
ǿѡȥģǣûСΪҪȥҶѪŮأҲֻҶѪŮԳȥҶѪŮкܴ뿪طǣ뿪һӶ
ģ
ΪɣԸԼģ
Ҷһױû˵ȻŮ˵ͼãҲҪ֡ŮǿߣҪǿҪϵѪŮҪĶࡣȻһˣʵǺסһֻؾǿߣ
ʵѾ࣬ǣԷֻؾǿߣȻԷѹƵǣԷֻؾľֻǶԷ类ѹ˶ѣʶڸƿط棬ûʧġ
ԣܽԷǿߣ
ҪԷֻؾ
ʣҶױѪŮǰͻȻЦ۵飬û뵽һԼҲãһ𣬹ϵ϶һ㣬˵ڤйصˣ
£ֳһѹôһѹҶױɫޱΪһ̣Ǹо·һ㣡
ҶһĨâһʳУдһ̣Ҷνһն
ˣ
쳹һ
ӵնν
ʵʩչӵնνѾ׾٣ңڵ뾳磬ӵնνҲǱǰҪǿ̫̫࣡
һƿնȥֺ߸ղһƵѹʱɢٶȲ˲ߵǰ
ҶǵʱһĨ죬ϧʩչʵ̫ܵӸܹһвϧ
£ֳǰһ̽ȻһĨʱҶǵֱӻޣ
ǿ
һĻҶ˫΢УУޱءʵҲûԼղһܹԷʲô˺û뵽Էô׾ٵľƵһ׾٣ûƵģ
һԼֻؾǿ֮Ĳˣ
ô˵Էûбѹƣ֮ûУȻеˣʵˣ
ǣ˰һˣζѪŮҪ
ûˣ򲻹͵ܣܾɵӡǣˣ򲻹ҲҪ
ʱҪҡͷҶûȤ֡
ҶһȻӿһ̣һһ⳯߱ȥ
ǷһĨһӣһε𵴶Ҷʱֱӱǧ֮⡣
·ױȻûţҲһ߳˹ȥ
ԶҶ˫΢Уӿͬʱ벽Ԫɱ뽣ͬˮһӿеĽ֮С
һ̣Ҷ˫۱
Ҷ˫۵һ̣ԶͻȻɫ䣬ȻȻתͷҶλá
ǲ
һڳ쳹
ҶΧĿռˣ


1484 ս
ֻһ
ʱҶʩչľֻһ
Ҷߵʵ̫̫࣬һ㹥ֻȡ裬ԣһʩչʩչԼѧֻһ
һεֻһ֮˿ռ䣬Ϊӳ˰벽Ԫ⻹ɱ⡣⾳ļӳ֣õֻһ˲֪ٱ
߻عҶһ̣ҶеĽʧˡ
죡
ǰֱһţױ𾪵Ŀ֮Уֱӱǧ֮⡣
ǧ⣬ֻͣƳǰƽ죬ģһѾȫġûֹͣڸתţһһߵģܿ죬š͡һǱֱһ
һѪҼ紦
飬ֱӻһɻصҶС
Զһ˲ǻһĨѪղһȻֻǴ͸ߵұۣǣڽӴǿ̣ǽеֱߵȫˣ߲ұ۱ŪУҲˣ
߿ҶţҾȻһ˵ˡ
Ҷ˿еĽȻϧûһɱ㡣㲻ҿɾ͵ˡ
ɱң
㶣漴ҡͷЦЦǿЦһȻ˵Ҫɱңǻҡ
˵ʲôͻȻԶҶ۾һ̣ҶеĽٴʧ
ɫһ䣬͵һĳ
䣡
һըٴαɵǧ֮⣡
һΣֳһĴһֱͨߵ磬˿̣ߵֵֻѪ
߶棬Ҷҡҡͷϧ

ﵽڵʩչֻһղŵһڶԷ˵ʱͻȻǿϧԷķӦʵ̫죬ˣǱҪԷһԷĸס
ڣѾûʩչֻһˣ
Զ߿˿Լ֣Ȼ̧ͷҶˡò˵һΣЩ׾ˡһߣղɱ˶ԷҲܹ˶ԷϧҲڣݽߣ㣬𣿡
ҶһеĽʱһ̣ҽ͵һգռʱһҶֱʧԭءٴγʱѾߵǰûκηϻҶֱһȭͳߺ˹ȥ
ǷһĨ˵ֽճȭȻͬһȭҶ˹ȥ
䣡
ȭͷһӴһըʱڳ쳹ͬʱҶֱӱɵǧ֮⣬Ҷɵһ̣ױߵǰȻеĲɫ˿͵س߾һ
ױղɫ˿һ̣еĲɫ˿ֱӻһɫٶȼ죬˲ߵͷһĨ壬һ̣һɿֲƶȻڱӿ
䣡
ױɫֱӺȻѣױ˲䱻ǧ֮⡣ױһ̣ҶͻȻߵǰ֮ǰһֱһȭ˹ȥ
ҲʾֱһȭҶȭͷԺ˹ȥ
䣡
Ҷ˲䱻һǧ⣡
ԣ
ʱͻȻϧ˵̫̫һУýˡ㡭
˵⣬ߵͻȻȻֹΪǸղűһȭɵҶͻȻֳǰȻһȭ˹ͬʱױҲǳ߳˹

£ֽճȭȻһȭ
䣡
һû⣬Ҷֱӱһȭ˳ȥǸϵױҲͬ˳ȥ
ǣÿһαɳȥҶٴγ߳˹ȥ
ŴţͻȻ֣ҶǿʵǳԤϣķҶһָҲǡҶÿһαɳȥҶ϶б˵ģǣŴţ֣Ҷûʲôˡ
ʱҶٴγǰ֮ǰһҶһȭ˹
ʶһȭҶȭͷ˹ȥ
ҶһȭҶһĨ졣
죡
ǲ
ֻȭͷһӴһΣˡҶȻҲ˳ȥǣߵֱֻ۾ȻֱӱҶһȭ˳ȥͬʱǿನĳ˽ɣ
Ƽȭ
һȭȻƼȭҶ֮ǰ֮ûһʼʩչƼȭΪͷöԷġΪһʼȭʱǷǳ䱸ġ߽䱸£ʩչƼȭ϶ʲôʵԵЧ
Ҳֻ߷ɽ䱸£Ƽȭܹг䲻ЧȻɹˡ
һȭֱӽߵһֱֻ۸ˣ
Զߴ˿̵ɫޱ̧ͷҶ˵Լǰϵ·
裡
ܴ裡
Ȼһλˣ
ϷҪ˺㣡
£ͻȻһ糯Ҷȥ֮ռŤ
һĻԶױɫһ䣬æСģ
䣡
ױ£ҶǷ˳ȥܿ죬ɲͣʱУһ׸ǣ
׸ǣױʱһ׸ǣȻ룡
ױʱҶҲһк͹׸ڣȻһξ㲻ҲòСΪй׸ǵţʱҲоȫ˿Ҫ֪ʱѾǲ𣬶һвɹڵȵʯɽʯ˶֪Ҫǿٱ
ȻϹ׸ǵĵֵȻѣ
ûй׸ڵĻղȫһֱܾܿӻײķǣ
ȻѹƵǣԷʵǿܹģױҲǿߣǣʱױȫǱѹƣ
ҲѪŮǣԷױҪǿ̫̫࣡
ãҪŪԷֻҪסԷֻҪܹϵԷȵѪŮôǾʤˣ
ˣҶһȻʼڸղŻָһʼ޸Լ塣
飬һԻָԼǣǻõʱ
ԶĿҶ֮ϣû뵽ղԼıɱһȻײĸǸסˣ
ײĸڣڵľ磬Ҫɱǰˣô򵥣
Ϊһʧ飬ڣһˣ
߿һһԵѪŮ˵ɱԷԼ϶Ҫ
ʱͻֻϿյĿռͻȻţһֳֳǹӳϿա
ڤôˣ߿ӣһĨ졣
ֳֳǹӿһԶѪŮȻ˵⣬ҷȥȻ⣬ڶû
ֻؾǿߣ
һĻױҶɫǱļѿ
ʱԭҶԵױͻȻתһ˸Ȼֱӻһɫʧʾͷ
ˣ
Ҷɫѿˣ


1485 ʮɱ㣡
ʵҶҲ⡣
һֻؾǿߣױ֣лϵѪŮġǣڿֻؾǿߣ

˵ߺʤ㣡
£ױߣȻǷǳ顣ϾѪŮױ׷ǹʣԷ϶ǲΪѪŮģ
ֻǣҪô㣿
һ
ԼҲӣ
ӣ϶ǲӵģͷղű𣬶Է϶ǲŹġȲ˵ܲߣߣȶԷɱѪŮ֮ʱεֵֻؾǿߣ
ԣҪǵѪŮ
ѪŮܹ
ǣһһסοһ
޷ʱҶѡͨͨҲһֶֽΣ
ˣҶǹӣЦҾãҿú̸̸Ͼܶʱ򣬳ǻⲻ˳޵ģ˵أ
Ҫʱ䣬ֶܻ𣿡
ʶˣ
ҶҲΣɫʵΪǺáöû˺֣
ǿЦ
ʱЦһʱ㾹ȻԿ֮Ըǣǵ𣿡
Ҷ˵ʱԵǽڤĳǹͻȻҪ˷ʱ䣬Ů£˻һǹâ
ҶһĨ˫־й׸ֱӳǰһң
䣡
һըҶֱӱɵǧ֮⣬ڤȴֻ˲ɡȻڤռϷ磬ǣȴǳһ˿ţ㾹Ȼסһǹ
Ȼ𾪵ģΪҶľֻǰ񣬰ּǿУ϶磬ھ类ѹƣʵܵƣǣҲǰǿܹģӦ˵һǿ߶޷ǿ⣡
ǣҶȴǵסһǹңûˣ
ܿ죬ڤĿҶеǿ׸֮ϣ׸ʱһĨ죬ﲻףѹܵһһΣûôˡ
£һٴγҶȥ
һΣҲûţҲǳҶ˹ȥ
ȻǶ˷ʱ䡣
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ҶһһĨһ̣һһͼֶͼֺ󣬳гһãܿ죬һƬǿ֮С
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ҶǺӽͼΣ˿̣Ǻӽͼû˿ʤ㣡ֻؾǿߵ֣޷ֵйײĸǶСֱӶڹײԵסǣѪŮô죿
뵽⣬ҶͻȻ۾һѪŮô죿ѪŮҲԶ㵽ײﰡ
ܿ죬뷨ˡΪѪŮ㵽ײˣҲ㵽ײ˭赲ˣѪŮǲܱţǶڹײȥ˶Թײķ񹥻ľǱԷ׽ˡ
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ûа취ʱֻӲӲֻʩչǺӽͼ
гǿʱڤɫȻǸоΣա
ʱڤҶǽ޼Ǻӽͼ
ԣڤԱߵɫʱһ䣬û뵽⾹ȻǺӽͼǺӽͼɲֹλŹʹڴ磬ǺӽͼҲǷǳġȻȻΪ޼Եʡ
꽣޼ϴʱһӴɳǿ߲׷ɱ޼뽣޼Ľ󣬽޼һǰǸȻֱʩչǺӽͼǺӽͼһǸֱӱǺӽͼ֡
ĽЩϷԣΪûд
ǸӵаֻؾǿߵֱӷȻĲҽ޼뽣鷳
һսõý޼һ¥Ҳһսõ֪Ǻӽͼͼ뽣޼ǰֻؾǿһսûУܹðֻؾսûУǵöֲ
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µǣҶǽޣܹ߶Ǻӽͼ
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ҶûԥҪ߶ǺӽͼʱҲû취ԥܱûĺá
ҪٻǳʱͻȻֲϢͻȻ˳УҶ΢΢һһ̣ǺӽͼУָϢʱҶʱסˡΪȻʶ
˷ֱǸղ뿪ױ֮ǰ׷ɱħһҾˡʣµϢֱһߣͷ˶ޡ
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ױһۣԸǣֻһҪǾǵʱѪŮǳȥȻӦҲԡûǣ֮۸ҶСŮѡ
ԣҶˡױ֮ǰӣȥȱˡ
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˵⣬һԵѪŮҪȥֻпΪܹѹۣ֮統ңһ
ԣڤɫʱѿΪ⻪ԣȷʵ޷֮ۿģҲ֮ƴҪǱƵ֮ԱѪǣǾ군ˡּ֮ԱѪǣǻصҲ޷յģ
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ʱһͻȻڳ
ԣһ㶣תȥ˵ʱҶ֮⣬ɫǱˡ
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1486 ǲ
ҶתͷȥԶһ߻
߷ǳĲϣͷüëѾѩףϵһһģݺύţǾ˼͵ķ˪һ㡣ձ壬߿ޱȡ
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Ҷߣܿ죬ߵ˳У߿һǸղ˵ڤƬ棬ǿߣǺܶ࣬Ҳ١֮УϷֻˣԣӦ롣һңӣ֮ͨϷԶԶҲһ˵Ҳա
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ʱֵȻܹսʤۣ֮ǣѹסңҪǿгȥضƴָֿʱǸ֮ǣѪŮ޲ͬǻָֻؾʵѪѹۣ֮
ҶˡЩˣҪѪŮѪ֮ڣӦЩ˵ϢԣǳȥҲᱻƬ֮ԡȻǼʹܹȥ϶Ҳ⵽֮޾׷ɱ
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ʱһͻȻҶǰ𣬽ţСǰСֺҪԱ֮۶ʱͣ
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1487 СС죬İ֣
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һֻССͲ֮˳Ȼû꣬ѿĿռԴԴϵۣ֮ʮϢʱ䣬ʣѾ˽ϰֻ֮ۡһ̣նѾ֮۲
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һ̣ǿ߶ѾܲסгѪŮ֮⣬嶼Ѿȥձߣױǣ΢ҪһЩûôǱҶҶùײĸǵͷˣҲױǺһЩ
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Сɨһױˣ죿࣬˵Ҫ죬Ǹ֪ԼǶôСҪǽʱ治𣡡˵⣬ѪŮһٸҪòСС컹ڽһٸƬ棬ǧ磬磬Щۣ֮Խй򣡡
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˶С죬С˿˶ޱȺġ֮ǰССûнаֵģǣֺȻССаˡȻССĹϵǣ˭֪кܴһԭ򣬿϶ҲΪС죡
ҶûСѪŮȥߵСǰȻûҪɱСС˼ֻȥԣղŲŻѹû뵽ôңѹƺҪѡԱ
ЩˣҪǿзЩ˳ȥ϶ҪԱģС
ҶɲԱȻַǳȥǱˣ϶УС죬Ըǿ϶ϷġΪСССϵܺáСС϶ӣǣܻܿСӣ
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1488 ⽣Ҫˣ
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һȻҶⳬԽƷ׵ĽͿնǵʱΪβ֣
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ʱѪŮͻȻҶǰ


1489 Һأ
ѪŮֺ߶ʱɫһ䣬˵ʱѪŮͻȻǰ̤һɲǼ䣬ֱӱһƬѪ
˭㡭
Ѫ֮Уߵľܿ죬˲ҽ
Ϣг׳ת˲ѪʧѪŮҶǰ߲ûҲˡ
ʱѪŮĽ£ѾһϢ俴ѪŮʱг˼ɵ
ߵĲҶҡҡͷֻؾǿߣʵ϶ǷǳǿģǣǿѪŮǿ
ңֻؾֻô꣬Ѿ۷״̬ˣôѪŮĶ֣Ӧ˵ѪŮ֮ûҪ֪ʱѪŮֻؾ
֮ûбѹƾ磬ΪѪŮû뿪뿪ȥ棬Ȼڽͻ
һʲôʱѪŮ
һ֣Ҷ
ѪŮһۣȻһӣڵϵͻȻһҽУţֱӱѿѪûѪŮڡ
Ҷ㶣ȻΪʲô
ѪŮҡҡͷ˵ǿߣƲˡ㣬ʹУҲа취Ū㡣ڵʵȻǣǿȣ໹Ƿǳֻؾǿߣӵеģ
ҶЦЦһΪԼ֣
֪֣ѪŮԴһ
Ҷҡҡͷûôֻǣ֮ĲޣΪԷһû뵽Ķҳ֡
ѪŮȻǰ񣬵ǣֻؾУϵĴڣȻȴĶĶȻ֡óˣĺûʲôԭġԣǳȥĺãȻ㣬һ
Ҷ˵ͷѪŮ˵ĻǷǳеģڵʵȷʵ޷ƿֻؾǿߡϾ˼Ҹ߳ü磡
ҪˣʱѪŮͻȻ
ҶѪŮȥڤŮǣ
ѪŮ˵ͷȻҶأ
ҶҪȻϴ磡
磡
ѪŮ˫΢УĬãǣرһΣΪԵʣǵļƻ𣬻ʧֻؾǿߡڵ㣬϶ѾЩ˶ϣȥ磬Σգ
ΣҲҪȥҶ϶Сڲ֪ôˣǣʼ޷ġ
ѪŮ˵ͷ츳׿дԵţ㲻ز۵ġ
ԺҪôҵǣҶ֮ôʣеС˼ġѰ˼ţԺҪ򲻹ˣͿϽǹæڤ֮Ľ飬飬϶С飡
ѪŮβҶ˼ҡͷЦЦóʱȻ֡˵ţ˶٣ֵ֪ǵ٣ûлΪζţӿ϶עϡڵ㣬ܲԷƣֻҪ㲻ϴ磬ӦҲ鷳ڵľӦöǽϣ
ҶӣðɡǺڣ
ѪŮ΢΢ͷȻҶļ򣬵أ
˵꣬ѪŮһһѪʧ˳С
ѪŮߺҶһȻ뿪ҡ
һӺҶ塣
յŴſڣһֻ־ʹļϡ
˵϶ī顣ҶЦЦþòī
īû˵ֻҶļȻڴк
ҶЦЦȻ塣
֮УҶ峤ī
Ҷħ峤ǸǣڣѾûƣȥʱ֮ͨ뿪˵ţڵһī˵һ¡
ãīӵĿһҶû뵽㻹ǽأû뵽ô顣
Ҳû뵽ҶЦ
ûȪӵģ£˽ȥãȻüβǣǻ˳ңʵࡣ
īЦЦС˵ʲô¡
Ҷ˵ͷȻī峤㵱һ壬ʲô飬֪Ǻ£е档
ī΢΢Ȼԭ˼ī㣬ȻȥΪڴ˵سûб֮ԣԸȥĻǿԳȥġڡ
ҶЦѾҪˡǿԻصǵˡ
ī˵ͷȻΣл˵ţһһӳҶǰʮ飬ʮ飬ÿ̺һԻָﵽߣҲû⡣ⶫӦа
Ȼа
ҶҲȻī峤ûʲô飬Ҿ͸ˡǺڣ
ڣī˵ͷ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻתȥҶҡ뿪ʱʱһִֻļϡ
Ҷͣ½Ųī£
īƵĺϣȻʼд֡
лл
īдô֡
ҶЦЦ̫ϾҲǺܶô
īֿʼд֡
һΣҶɫЩŹˡΪīдǣһˣ
ˣ
ҶǺ
ϸ˵һˣīȴ˵ǺˡʵҲû˶һ˵Ķ壬Ĳȫ棬ǿԷôġԷãУȻǺˣͬģԷãУ˼Ҿǻˣ
ջ˼ҶЦīǺڣϣڼ֮ʱ
īҶߡ
һڼ
īд֡
Һڴ
ҶЦЦȻͣһʧԭء
ҶߺīҶԭվλá
ţ
īѾͷ츳ҪǿȻû壬ǣûϵֻҪǻȥض㾡ȫ֮Ϊ˵꣬ԣ߰ɡ
˵꣬תȥ

ΪСԵʣʱڴǨССİ£ʼ뿪򣬲޶ܹ뿪һЩ˾Ͳ뿪ЩޣȻСָûлڸ֮ĵġ
ЩѾҶòĵˣЩ飬ССòĵġ
ҶûϹ䣬鴫;ᣬȻص׳ǡ
ҶճʯҽĴ̨ϣһӰǳǰӰǱˣ
Ҷ˵ʱ̯ϴˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ʲô£
֪ʲôԭ򣬴ţȫ㣬˵Ҫͷ֪ڣڰѰ㡣λ棬㣡
ţңȡͷ
Ҷ㶣Ȼʲôǿߣ
߾
߾
Ҷ΢΢һ漴߾ɱҡҺأ



1490 ӳ飿ӳ
߾
߾治Լʵ⣬ڿǻкüͷޣ
Щޣɶ߾
رǵǿ൱߾۷ǿߵġ
ʵڣѾﵽ񣬼в壬Ƽȭֻһйײĸǡ˵˵߾ǿ¡
Ϊʲôô㣿ʱͻȻʵ
ҶЦһгģĭС֮⣬ûбˣȻǵԼս󡣲ԣЩʮǰʱûλֻؾǿ߶ϣˣǵսġ
ǵսǾֻʣĭСˣ
ңʯʯҲ˵Էڴ粻ϿñɱȻһĭС䲻֪ʲô취ôЩԣЩǿ߲Ż鷳
ҶĬû⣬ڴ˺þá
ڴΪõ˴ЩҶϢûڽȥҶȻû뵽һȾ͵˿£ʵѾˡΪҶѾˣ
ҶǺ
ǣȴǸӿֲҶȥôöûгҲûһϢѾ׶༪ˡ
ǣû뵽ҶȻųˣ
ҿҶӣʵ϶࣡
ĻҶ˵ͷȻһЩۣоգˡԺͲˡ
Ϊʲô⡣
Ҷ룬ȻԣԹڽȥסһܳ죬ȥ֮һֱߣܹʲôͿԼ컯ˡ
ڣ˶ڳ룬ǣȥЩµĶߴУ϶޷뿪ġЩ޻ȫ룬Ǹʱȥ˵ûʲôΣյġ
˵Ǽ©
ȻûȤģһ㶫һ㴫ж˵ûʲôˡ֣ȹ׸ǻãһֻػõģȻҪҪǣ˷ʱˡ
ôˣŮʫǣ϶ѾǳģڣŮǡ
ˣҶлڴ˵ңΪұţһ£ȸˡˣסҵĻ󣬲ʱ䣬Խ򣬵ʱжջ񣬾ͿԼˡ
˵꣬ҶҪߣʱȴסȻʣҪ򣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
ĬƬ̣Ȼûȱܱܡ֪ʵǿǣЩǴӴģǾͱߣңĻһڳ֣϶ġʱܱܣȻҲˣǿ϶ͻȥġ
ҶЦЦȻҪҵͷڹ𣿡
ҡҡͷֻݱܷâӲƴֵãԺ󳹵׳ɳʱЩ˿϶ֵġ
ҶЦΣлĺ⡣ֻǣѾԣǺڣ
˵꣬ͣתһʧԭء
ԭأ㶣ȻҡҡͷһͲ֪һ

Ҷֱӽ׳ϿյǿմڣǹƼܿ죬Ҷǿմ󣬲ͣҪǰǿմ󣬶ʱһ߳ǰ
ߣҶ΢΢һΪպʶǵȥ̻Ϲʱϡ̻ᣬҪж֫⻪ϳֽԷһ١
ڳˣҶ϶ʱһ
ôҶ⡣
СҪ㣬Ҫ飡ϳ
С㣬ȻָľϹ١
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷ߰ɣȥ
ϵ˵ͷȻһӣóһϮۣϰɣ
Ҷ㶣ʲô˼
С㽻ģҪϣصСѣ˷ʱˣСм£ǳҪ
ҶһۻϣȻϯۣۺܴȫ˶Ҷ֣ʶĹЧ
Ϲٸʲô
Ҷǲ⡣
ܿ죬ڻϵĴ£̻ᡣһҶͼӭϹ٣˵Ϲȴȵû˷㣿
ӦûУ
ʱǻϵǿմ̨һֱӰ˹
ԣϹɫʱһɣûоͺã
ʱҶС㣬⾿ǳһʱҶȫһͷˮ
һ
ϹߵҶǰһʵ㵽ʲôõôô㣿֪жĿǰΪֹѾһˣң඼߾ǿߡ㵽ʲôŭԹˣ
ҶҡҡͷԭΪ£ŭԹҵûֻһһζԹЩˣӦöǶԷġ˵⣬˶٣ȻֵҴۣΪ±˿ң
ϻ
Ϲٵ֪֪ж㣬Ƕ㣬УһЩ
Ҷüͷһ壬ΪʲôЩҲκϽˣ
ͽᣡ
ϹٳĶЩʲôˣǴˣЩˣԴ粻ܹͬͽЩˣȻкôġԣڣѾʼ㡣ǲ֪򡣲Ȼһ϶Ѿ˰Χˡ

ҶüͷĸˣЩһǳԱŵģǾҶ۸
û˾۸
ʱϹٵǣ˼Ҳ㡣ϾֻһߣǺӽͼҲֻһߣοڴôţЩ˶Ҫǿ϶ʮģ˵ˣҶҪ군ˣ
˵ţҶڣڻû˷㣬ȲܱܷͷЩҲˣӦþͻȥˡ
Ҷҡҡͷû£ЩˣΪǡ
ʱˣ㻹ǿ
ϹЩɷ죬ݱһ·âֲȥģô𣿡
ҶЦЦ˵ĺܶԣǣҪԵģվҪԵģӱܣǽİ취ңӱܣЩѹ϶δȻϣãһȥҿЩѹ𣿡
Ϲ˵Ҷȴǰ˰֣С㣬Ѿˡԣˡ
˵꣬ҶҪתȥȻʱϹǰĿռͻȻܿ죬Ϲɫѿ
ôˣҶʡ
ϹٿһҶȻһ޵еĴŴһЩŰƴ½Χˣ˵Ҫڲ֣ƴ½
ԣҶ˫΢һ̣תҪȥʱϹͻȻס嶯޵е֮⣬һɳ˶߾ǿߣԣ㲻ܳ嶯Ǳӳ飡
ӳ飿ӳ죬ҪԪɱ⣡
ҶʱѾʧ˴С


1491 Ȼôҧң
Ҷʧ󣬴УϹ㶣ҶǷ˲ɣ
Щˣɲһ˰ңУҶȻҪȥԪɱ⣡
ʲô
һᣬϹֻȻԵĻϣټ̻е߸ߣ
ԥһ£ȻС㣬Ҷûʤ㣡裬ǲһ衣Ҫ֪һŪã̻ٲ
ҶΣϹͻȻ
΢΢һȻû뵽Ϲٻôʡԥ£ıʵ˼ϸ壬˵⣬뵽ʲôһĨ죬˵֮Ըôе
Ϲ΢΢ͷһçȻһȥԴЩ϶еġȻʹûеҲܲͬȻҲͬѲУ
СҪһ𣡡ϳ
̻ᣬѾһˣϹٵ
ҡͷЦЦҶǱǳǱδɾͱضǣҶ̫ˡķǳǳΣաҲ֪ʱ̻Ѿû·ˡ
Ϊ̻֮ĹϵѾʲôˡǣֻѡҶߵף
ջ˼ȻתȥϢٴγ˴󣬻ߣ
ߣ
Ϲ£볡еʧ˴֮С

ʱҶλ漸˲֪˲ˡǰֻⶫȽϳڣλ涼֪ˡΪǵһõôҪɱˣ˶Ҷʲô飬Ȼǵôɱ
ȻҶǺӽͼǣЩ˵ҲֻвѣϾҶ̫ͣˣԥѡ˴ЩţҲİѰҶҶǽ򣬹ͱҵˣ
һʼҶֻǵҶҶһֱδ֣Ǵ˼һ㣬һЩſʼ߼ˣ
ˣǶƴ½֣
ƴ½Ҷ

ΪҶⶫ򼸺Ϊ˽أΪѾϽԼ򡣵ǲ֪ʲôʱܳˡжģҲбġ
ڣУѾעҪϳġ
֮ǿΪҶҶڣһ׶֡ڣôҶлҶܻУҶѾûˣ
Ƴǡ
ΪˣʱƳѾսƳǵ˶Դ
ƳϿգŮ˫ָԣֹ꣬ƳǵҹƵˡǰԶһ꣬꿴ֻжʮ꣬ԺһıӣӺܳĽź
Ща
ңһ۵һɫȹŮӡ
ʱͻȻ֣ŮױδȻųսȻֻǰ񣬵ǣʵѾԶ߾ǿߣ򲻿С
ս񣿡
꿴ŮǷһĨаЦʵ϶ǲģֻǲ֪ⴲϹǲҲܺųơս񡯹
ЦЦҪ֪ԣ𣿡
϶ҪԵģϾŮ˿аЦĿⲻڵŮߴк̰
ʱԶĵŮͻȻֱֹֻ֣ǳǰȻ͵ؾһ̡
ǷһĨЦһȭ
䣡
һը˿ŮʮɣǳҲʮɡ
꿴˿Լ֣ʱѾѿһĻɫʱ̧ͷŮŮˣҪ
˵ʲô
ʱһͻȻڳ
ҹƵһ㶣漴ϲŮҲһĨϲɫͬʱ͸صһ
ΪҶ
ҶȥѾ£Ҷʧһ˵ģǾǼٵģϾǵطޱȡ
ڣҶڻˣ
ƽĻˣ
˵Ŀ֮УҶ˵ŮǰҶһ̣˶һʱܵѹһرǵŮˣΪǲҪԴЩţҪλһЩ
ҪǣҶȫţǳʧһ㣬ѹ
Ҷڻˣ
ŮסҶ֣֮ˮõˣ
ҶҡҡͷŮʱһʱҶֵǣѾˡ
ԣŮɫʱһɣ˵ҶȴЦȴһ顣
Ů΢΢ͷСģ
Ҷ˵ͷȻתͷǳ꣬˵ʱҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾ˳ǰȻһȭǳų˹ȥ
ҶٶǼģջعҶȭͷѾԴǰ󾪣⧲֮£ֻͬѡһȭ
䣡
˵Ŀ֮Уǳұֱը˿䱾ֱӵ˳ȥʱŮҲع˸֣ʱҪ׷ǳҶͻȻͣȻǣһ̣һȭ
䣡
˾㵵Ŀ֮УŮֱӱҶһȭ䵽ǧ֮⣡
˶סˡ
ҶȻ˿ֲ
ŮҲЩסȻҲû뵽ҶȻ˵ǿ
ԶҶûйŮӣһֱǳǰȻһȭ˹ȥ
ȻҶһۣǣǳܿ侲ˣ˴ҶǰʱѾ׼Ҷȭһ̣һɫԲܵǰǽɫԲܵı棬˼ĳ̣ȻҶȭͷȻûֹͣ
䣡
ɫԲֱӺȻѣǳھѪֱ֮ӳ׷˳ȥ
ѹ
ȫѹ
˶û뵽žȻҶȫѹ
Ҷû֣ͣҪٴγ֣ʱͻȻŭ֣
£ͻȻߣ
߾ǿߣ
ֱӽҶΧȻͷųԼѹҶʱԶǳͻȻɱһҪãܣ
Ҷǳ꣬Ȼ꣬ĸģ
꿴һҶϼڤ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻϼڤҼˡ
£Ц
ǷһĨȻôҧңǿЦ
޿֣


1492 ۣҶҲУ
Ȼ޿֣ǰλߣң󣬻ڤԣҪηҶ
ȻǲҪġ
Ҷ˵ͻȻָǳֵ꣬Ҷ֪λ˭λǴҵ޵ӣ֪ǿǳң㡭
ʱҶͻȻ˰֣ĻȻԸߣǾɣ
£Ҷһӣֻħֶ
ħǳֺ󣬳˶סˡ
ҶȴûйˣֱӴһӣȫɱˣ
ȳ֣޴βֱӳŰΧҶЩ߾ǿ˦˹ȥСڽ
ȻΧҶЩǣԵǵʵԸˣȫǴ´࣡
Ҷûйǵ߾ǿߣǿ޵еĳ꣬죬˭ҲȲ㣡
£һֱӻһ⳯޵еȥ
Ҷ֣޵ɫʱһ䣬֮ǰҶĽ֣ͺҶʵԶ̫̫֮࣡ǰΪλڣҶǱɣˣղûӡȻڡ
ʱѾûлˡ
ֻӲҶ
޵ӿҶȭͷԴʱͻȻһɽɫââٶȼ죬˲佫Ҷ
һ̣һǹɽɫâ˲Ȼѣ޵ٴγź󷢵˳ȥ
Ҷû֣ͣҪ׷ʱ޵ͻȻóһӣһֱ̣ӻһϹʧԭء
Ԫռ죡
Ҷ˫΢УѾоԷϢˡ

ʱͻȻһҽȥֻԶһ߾ֱӱǵɨƬ
Ҷ
ʱͻȻŭ֪ʲôҪڤΪУʱҲֵģû뵽Ҷгôǿ̶ʱھֱɱڤһ߾ǿߣ
Ҷ꣬ղȥˣ
Ҷڲͣ£ٲ㡭
ʱҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǰ󾪣Ҫ֣ʱ⾳ͻȻͬɽһֱѹϣõһ٣һ٣Ҷֱӿסĺ
˫ԲţȻû뵽ԼȻôҶסˣ
Ȼû޵еʵǣҲǰ񰡣
ʵǴʱҶѾǰǿܹģ˵񣬾һ߾޷⡣ҶʵܹӲǿߵģǿ߶ܹɱ
񣬰Ѿһˣ
ҶᵽԼǰһ飬ȥˡ
ҶƽĪĸоһļ£ǣǲƣµҶ㣬㵱ҪڤΪУ㡭
ǲ
һͷȻֹת˲Ҷ˿Ҷɵһ̣ԴֱӴǲֵ
ۣ
ѪʱͬȪˮһǲӴ
Ҷһӣ廯ޣţһѾסŮӣղȥˣ
ҶʻŮӶʱعҶʱѾǼɵ֮ɫ
Ҳ˵Ҷ
Ůɫһ䣬æӦǻڤˡ˵ֵ꣬㣬֪ʲôôڤս㡭
ս
ҶЦһ˵Ķԣʽڤս
£ҶһһУȻνһնһ
ڽֵһ̣һֻͻȻŮӵǰȻһɫڱӿ
䣡
һҶĽǺɫʧǺŮ˵ǧ֮⡣

ʱٴһҽ˳ԴȥֻԶһ߱ǵβֱӸɨӵʱ䣬ڤ߾ֻʣ
ˣҶղ˵ڤսһ̣ŮֱӴɱʣµߡҶ˵ĳĵȻҶ˵ڤսǾʹʱڤ֮Ѿûл͵ء
Ҷ˵ȻǵˣȻҪնɱ
ԣѡ֡
ڵŮ˼ʣµ߶ʱֵضûУ˵֣ӵûУΪٶȣǱȴڻСڲ̫̫ˣ
һӵʱȫɱ
ԶǺҶһҶ¹ȻϲǺܿڼģң
£΢һӳУһ̣ӱһâת˲Ůֱʧԭء
ҶĬһ˲ȻתͷŮ
˵ţתҪߣʱŮǰȥģ
ڤ򣡡Ҷ
Ůɫ΢䣬㡭
ҶЦЦģзִ硣
ûҪģŮȻ֪ҶȥڤΪʲô϶ΪΪղ޵гȻҲɱ˶ԷǣҶİȫ˵Ҫ
бҪ
ҶҡҡͷҶϲ롣룬һûлߣҪǳʲô飬㣬˵³ʲôҶһ覴ñرˣǼȻҪҾҪ
˵ţҶḧһµŮ㷢õңҪӣλ棬ûܹκεҡ㲻ӣҲûʲôܹκεҡúչԼ
˵꣬ս˺Ȼһֱʧԭء
Ů׷ȥʱҹȴסȻҡҡͷסˡǿˣһ濴ƽʵйѾǷˡ۾ԼļˣҲǣ޵Уڤ⣬Ǵۣۣ֮ŭƢ꣬ô̵ˣ
Ů΢΢ҡͷΣգ
ûյģҹƵڱǰǿ̫̫ˡңҾã϶ĻҪǿ
Ů׵ġǣ̲סᵣġҶȥǣҪҪ֪ڻڰпġߣڸҶȥҲﲻʲôæ
Ҷǿ࣬ǣ̶̼ʱҶѾˣ
ʱҹס˵Ů֣߰ɣڸϽһ£ӦԽ飡
Ů̧ͷһۣȻ˵ͷתҹʧԭء

Ҷ뿪ƴ½ֱǿ֮ǣҪǿմʱһͻȻס
Ҷʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ܾˣǷһĨЦݣԴ磬ͷҪˡڡ
ʱҶͻȻνһն
նν
һնҶֱתǿմ֮С
УһϢ
ͣ
ͻȻֱӴм˿Ѫʱ


1493 ߲ƣ
ҶǿմһһŮͻȻҶ֮ǰվλá
ǿŮӳ
΢΢ͷȻǰ񣬵ʵѾԶߡ
ղһܽ𣿡Ůʡ
ӳĬãȻܣǣˣ
Ů˫΢Уû뵽λ棬Ȼţ
ʦãҪСλ棡
ʱͻȻҪ֪Ȼλ棬ǴƣǣֻгɳţҪǴߵġǽ޼ңӣǸʱǴЩţҲҫۣ
˵⣬Ӷ˶٣ֵҶ
ԿȽ޼ңӣŮӵ
ӵ޷͸ʵҲ֪޼ңӵĳɾͣǣң뽣޼Ҳ̫ࡣңˣһɳǱȽ޼ңӸӿֲ
ΪʲôŮӲ⣬ʡ
ݣ
ӳ޼Ȼʵǿ󣬵壬ңȻϲսˣǣֻսɱˣ߼ˡҶ㿴λ飬һ·ɱ˳ɳģԸ̫ˡղţ֪ԷԴ磬ǣǰνɱˡˣҪôҪôǻķ񣡡
˵⣬һǻȥɣСħŮӦĶȻˣǣҪңҲΪɷǡ
Ůӵ˵ͷˣȷʵΪã
ӵҲ֪ĭССħŮҶ֮ʲôԹ֪ҶϴҪ鷳ˡСħŮҲǳصģ˵Ѿһ𣬺ǺǣҵЩڴҶϴˣ
˵꣬һʧԭأŮҲǽ

ʱҶѾǿ֮ǣͨǿ֮ǵĴǰϼ򣬶ʱϹֳǰ
Ҫȥڤ򣿡Ϲʡ
Ҷ˵ͷҪֹңǾͲ÷ѿˡ
ΪβϢأϹˣƣҶܲ⡣˵Ҷ̫ˡ
Ϣˣ
ҶЦһҵĴС㣬뷨Ц㣬Ҷ֮ǰиʲô⣬ԶزˡʱŮ򣬻ҶЩ£ҵŮˣǵ³Σǵ³ԱĻҪҰٱ
ϹٳĬΪҶ˵ûҶûлӦ˵ҶйϵģܶꡣЩΪ˱Ҷʲô鶼ġԣܶʱƵģʱǶġ
Ϲٵһ̾Ȼָһһ׹ûҶü䣬ǹڤϣӦа
ҶһϹ٣л
˵ֱ꣬ͣӽǰڤǿմ
һ
ϹҡҡͷȻתʧԭء
Ҷһǿմ˳ɨһܣʱѾϼˡԭأҶ˫΢գϹٸЩϡʮϢҶ۾Ȼһһʧ˲Զ
ҶϹٸе֪ϼһڤڤΪʵȻǲġУ֪߾ǿ߾ʮλңֻǱ棬ж٣ͲΪ֪ˡǲ˵޷ڤȣҲϹ֮ǰֹԭ
һᣬҶڤһ֣һ߱ǳǰ
ߺˣϢסҶ
ҶνһնȻһʧ˲Զ
ԭأֱӽӲת˲üͻȻѿţǵѵԽԽ󣬽ģֱӴмѳ롣
һɱ
Ҷڵʵɱһ߶˵ûʲôѶȡ
ڤʴ½ڤʹ
Уλһ۵ӣڤպڤڤڤڶûʲô֪ϼǿ˲֪˲ġΪϼһǿߣ
·ʮ۵ߣߡʮ⣬һˣǾ޵У
ʱ޵У֪ʲôԭɫ
ҶɱߣʱڤͻȻ
·һվ˳ǡ֮⣬ڤս
ڤ˵ͷһҶ
ʱ޵ͻȻվ˳ʲôʱȥ򣿡֮ûӻش磬ǵڤȥܵҪûϴˢθĻش磿
ڤһ޵Уûǻشȥ
ȥ
޵ҶҲܻȥҶɱڤߣѵôˣ
ڤҡҡͷˣСôӳ顣
ҲЩ
޵ڤҪϴ磬͵ýԴĿ飬ολģҡ
ڤ˫΢Увң
ң
޵еֻһѣ
ʱһ˳ε飬ȷʵôˡڣλ涼ڿǣҪηǲڤضһǧɣ˵Ƿǳġ
һվ˳ȷʵ򲻹һǲػڤϺڣԣǱɱһӰ٣֪ڤʲôèܹðģ
ڤ˵ͻȻ˫΢У̧ͷ˵⣬ˣ߲ƣ
£Ѿʧԭء
䣡
ʱһڤʴ½쳹
Ǹڤʴ½Ͽյķ˾㵵Ŀ֮кȻѣţһͬһ㳯ڤʴ½ڤʳȥ
ǿ֣
˴ס˭Ȼڤʴ½
ڤʳϿգɢȥҶڤ˵Ŀ֮СҶһ̣޵ɫ˲
ڤҶҶ
ڤĻ˽һ㶣Ȼû뵽Ȼڤʴ½ˣңǹһˣʲôģ
ҶûлشڤɨһܣĿ޵еϣк֮£ҶҲУǰ޵е˵Դ͸ңҾ뿪Σ
ҪԴЦ޵ǷһĨҶΪ˭
Ҷûй޵УǿڤΪأ
ڤֱҶҲأ
Ҷ˵ͷҾͰԴҲô
㣿
ʱһ߼ԴǿЦҶҵȾҵȿҪôǵԴҡ
ʱҶͻȻνһն
ת˲ա
ԶǸղ˵ĺ彩סһ̣ԴֱӴӲϹѪ
ˣ


1494 ʮλߣʮѣ
һ̣ɫˡ
ɱߣ
ҶȻֱɱһߣ
Ǻ߿߰߾Ȼһһɱˣһ̣жһ˿ֻɵ
޵д˿̶ѾסҲû뵽ҶȻôһһλ߾ɱˣ
ȻսʤһЩ߾ǿߣǣҪɱһ߾ģҶȴˡ
ȻҶͬһϣ
޵Уڤ˿ɫҲޱ֪ҶǿǳΪҶǣЩȻˡΪ˵ҶûôֲҶսħʱǽ޻
ڣҶûнκôһͽһ߾ǿǰɱˣ
֪ص͹Ҷʵ
ʱҶͻȻĵȻɱɱ

һŭХȻβ͵سڤɨ˹ȥ
һɨΧĿռֱӱȫǿռڶ֮ССҲûţȫڤ˳˹ȥ
ʱ·ͻȻʮֲϢܿ죬ʮ߳ʡ
ߣ
ȫߣ
ʱڤڣڤ߾ǿ߾ʮλ
ʮλߣ
ܿ죬λֱӽΧȻһǣ˿·磬ѹλߣΪ֣һʱҲûܹɱˡСʮλ߸Χ
ΪԵʣǴ·磬ǣΪķ̫ǿԵʣЩһʱҲκβСǡ
ʱҶҲΧڤΧҶʮλ
ʮλߣ
ʱ޵ЦҶ㲻Ǻһԣ
Ҷ޵У޵ɫ΢䣬ʶڳڤλƣڼҶղһɱһλߺߵڤԡȻҶνնһӲס
ţ
Ҷҡҡͷ⸱У
˵꣬ɨһǰΧʮߣʮλߣʮѣ
£νһն
ˣ
һһԴֱӴһѪ׷ɳȥ
һĻڤһĨɭɱ⣬ɱ
£һҶȥİҲ
ڤ˳֣޵Ҳ֣Ȼʱ۾ͻȻԲţôܡ
г˹һĻ
ڤΧҶҶû޵ӻ߱ѹƣ෴ģʮϢʱ䣬ҶնߣҶȴǺ
ʱҶûзЩ߾ǿߵĹϣȻ⵽ڤ˵ķ񹥻ǣҶȫӲҲҶѾﵽ𾳣ڼв壬ǵҪֲ
˵߾ǿߵĹܹӲ
ԣȻڤ˶࣬ǣǲûӵãǻҶɱˣ
˿̣ڤҲǾֵģΪҶֲ̫ˣǴҶϣҶȻЩӰ죬ǣûʲô£ǱһЩѣɫ΢΢ף֮⣬һ¶ûУѪûһΣ
ǣҶϣǾһ
ԽսԽԽսԽ
ȻҶȴͬɱһ㣬ԽսԽǿԽɱԽ裬һᣬ߾ǿ߱ҶһԴ
ʱڤߣֻʣߣ
ס֣
ʱͻȻڤ
£ڤһǧɣҶ˾롣
Ҷ㾿ʲôڤ˿̣вأмɵ
˿̳нǼɵ
Ҷʵֲ̫ˣ
ʱڤЩڵģڵȥκ˻ˮ֪ҶʵôֲǾԲȥκɻˮġʵҲû뵽޵⣬һԭ
Ǿȥ꣬ʱԷֶܹͨһ£ڤͲֱҶϣ
ǡһжˣ
Ҫô
ҶǷһĨЦڤ˵ѹŮˣ㻹ôɱǣ
˵ţҶνٴ͵һն
һֶ
һĻڤɫһ䣬æ֡
һΣҶĽûܹնɱһߡڤ˲ɵôٴθҶɱǵأˣֻҪҶ֣ڤ˾ͻ֡һ˵סҶĽأ
Ҷûǿһնĵز
ҶڤĲǣ
ʱڤǣЩѾ䣬㻹ϰݣ
ҶЦЦô׼ˣ
ȥǶûкôڤȻԸڴȥΪڴȥ߿ܾҪˡ
ҶҪͣ԰޵еԴҸȻɾʯ̻ᣬҿԿǷŹǣ
ԣڤɫʱ̫
̫
ҶǷһĨǵȥŮ鷳ʱûԼ̫Ҹ㣬Ҷǣʲô̫
£Ҷһֱӻһ⳯ڤ˱ȥ
Ҷٴγ֣ڤɫҲһӣ߶󷨣
£һתûУת˲ͻȻڤʳڳ𣬺ܿ죬ЩʣȻγһ޴ƶ䣬ƶγɺһɵľ޴ͻȻɽȻ·Ҷȥ
ͬʱڤ˷׷ױˣѡҶҶĽǲҽˣ
ΪӲס
ԶҶ̧ͷǵʱоһϢסϢǸ޴ƶ䡣
Ҷνһնһֱûʣǵһ
䣡
˵Ŀ֮УǵǵȻѡ
ת˲Ǿ޴ƶ֮ðһҶȥ
Ҷ˫΢Уе֮۰
ʱڤͻȻҶ֮۶󲻻٣ܹԴԴϹֵܹһΣΣΣǣܵٴΣǧΣ
ҶһڤȻνһն
նν
һ̣ڵĿռֱӹѿ˾Ŀ֮Уǵûʣ֮ǰǵֱӺȻѣٶȲֱӺǾ޴ƶ֮ϡ
䣡
˵ע£Ǿ޴ƶֱը˿
˴ס
ôûˣ
Ҷսһڤˣһ¶ѣ

ʱ޵ͻȻЦ˶
ҶҲ޵У޵ǼҶͷˣˣʲô磿
˲⣬ʱҶͻȻ̧ͷʡ
ʣռܿ죬һ˳
߾
ɫΪȻ߾ǣϢȴͬһɲĸо
˵ǿߣȻѹƳ߾
ʱ޵ҶҶ޵ϰңôˣ˵ŮͦģûϵһչǵģȻڴϣ
ʱҶͻȻγ˽˫΢գһ̣еĽֱʧ
ֻһ

ʧһ̣ʶʱһҽ̧ͷȥֱֻը˿
ֳҶС
ʱҶѾߵǰ޵Уңô


1495 
һ̣˶סˡ
ڤһѾľ
ϵߣǿ߰ȻѹƳ߾Ҳǿ߰ҶȻնɱһǿߣ
һɱ
ɱ
Ҷɱһǿߣһ̣ԴѾһƬհף
޵УҶһնɱߺѾʯԭأ˫Բš
ǿ߾Ȼɱ
˿̣޵ֻͷ
޵ڤ˿ɱǿߣǺܲ˼飬Ҷǳ
ֻһֻؾǿ߶ܹ˵οǿߣ
Ȼ£ֻһȻǿҲǿɱǿߵġڣױ֣ʤҲ忪ǣڲȻǿߣ󣬾类ѹƳߣ
ϸ˵ʱߣǿߣ
϶ԷҶһ㶼˽⣬ˣԷûзҶҶͻȻʩչԼǿһ
˸ղһĻ
Ȼֻһ⽣ӹɵģҪֻ֪ؾǿʱҲһ˵ģ
ңôʱҶǰ޵Уֵ
ҶĻ޵лعܵľӣȻʱ֣Ѿû취ˡΪҶ̫̫ˡ֮ǰߵҶǰڤ˰һᣬǿӻشģڣҶ⾳Ѿѹס˵ӣһ¶еѣ
޵һ֪˭𣿲ҶĭС䣡Ů˸˵ֻǱһǿһЩѣǺǣǿһЩ
˵˿̣޵ĭС䡣ΪĭСڴ˵Ҷʵһѣʵ֤Ҷʵһ㣬Ѿ졣˵λ棬ڴ綼һĴڣ
һΣǱĭСˣ
޵пҶһĨûϵˣҲұģ
£丹ʱ
Ա
˶û뵽޵оȻҪѡԱҲҪǲԱҶʱ϶ãܵģ
Աõ
ʱһͻȻû޵еĸ
ͣ
һ죬޵ĶӶʱͬйƤһ˻ȥ
Ҷҡҡͷԣǣôģһúģ£Ҷٽһӣ޵ֱ֫׷˳ȥ

һĲҽڳ쳹
һĻһԵڤ˶ʱоһ
ҶҶ
У޵˹ŭš
Ҷץס޵еļȻֱӽ׸˴ڣڻ⣬ҧסûгԵ
Ҷתͷڤˣɫһ䣬Ҷ޵Ѿ֣㡭
Ҷγ˽Ȼֱڤ˸޵ȥģ𣿡
ڤ˫ֻգңҶΣڤĲǣҲ֪ǵס㣬ǣҪƣ
ʸ𣿡
ҶǷһĨмҪҷŹǣԣһ£ҷŹǡȻԴøҴӲϰ
ҶĻɫǱѿ֮ǰǻҶڳ˵ΡڣǺҶȫʵУѾûܹҶ⣬ҶǼֻޣ
˵ҶݣѾܹȫѹڤ
Ҷ㵱ҪƣڤҶ
Ҷǰ̤һҵĻ𣿽һҾͷŹǣȻǸᣡ
ҶĻЩ߶ڤ
ֻҪڤӦҶһ¾ǹȥˡ
УڤɫޱѿҶһһýҪ֪ղλǿ߿ǶҶһɱ˰
νӵҶһ
ǣʱһеһǧɣˣϼ򶼻һǧɡ
ϼһǿҶһҽӣ
ܶҲ𡣵ǣܾܿͻᶪ
𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷҪ֣ʱڤֻҪҽӽ۽Σ㶼Źڤ򣿡
ҶֱڤûȤϻһ飬ӻǲӣӣҾڤʴ½˼
ҶĻ˽Ǹŭԣò˵Ҷ̫ǣȴ޿κΣһŭĻ˵
ڼҶһնɱһλǿߺѾ𷴿Ҷͷˡ
ǿ߶ܹնɱοǣ
ڤҶãȻҽӣ
ڤĻΧЩ˶ʱһȻ׷˿ڤҶó˳ء
ڤӿģһɫâ⣬ܿ죬Щ׹⳹׽ڤԽԽ񣬹ϢѾɰ׹ڤֱӳҶײ˹ȥ
õķأ
ֻǱأûаܹҶһֻнпܽҶһ
Զڤֵһ̣Ҷ˫۶ʱ΢һ̣еĽֱʧԭء
ͣ
Ҷʧһ̣ײҶİ׹Ȼѣת˲ޣţһͷ­һѪ׷˳ȥ
ڤͷ
һ̣ڤʳҡ
֮ǰлһ˿ңϾڤʵǷǳǿģڣпʵǣǿڤҲӲҶһ
Ҷڤǧһ
ԶҶսȻɨһܣҲϣڤˣ𣿡
˳Ĭû˵
Ҷ˫΢УҪʵڶ𣿡
ʱһվ˳ģԺڤ˲̤벽
Ҷ俴˶ԷһۣȻν·ڤʹһն
һƿնң˵Ŀ֮Уڤʹֱӱȥһ룡
ս
Ҷߵˣǲԣ㶫ܹʱѡ
£Ҷһӣŵֱʧԭء
У˿ǱҶȥһڤʹסˣ


1496 ʹ߰ɣ
Ҷûѡڤϧһдۣڵʵǿġǣֵá
˱Ƶǻġ
ִҪڤ򣬳Щ֪Լ£϶ˣҶ޵Уй׸ڣ϶ǲġǴСأǷǿǿûǿ߾ǿߵĳ̶ȣ
ʹЩ˲ˣ϶ҲߣôҪӣɱġмҵǲ£µǹǡЩһߣһ󻼡ȻЩ˲ұǣļأҹƵˣǿûҶʵ
ڤЩ˾Ͳ
շڤҲǱˡ֮ǰµЩ綼ûȫգͱڤˡңڤ̫Զ̫ԶûǸʰߵ̯ӣ
ԣֻѡɱڤԴλЩ
һΣţλӦûĸ鷳ˣ
Ҷɱڤ飬ܿ˿һ̣λܵˣ
رϼЩ
ڤҲǿϼһǿ߰ȻԷȴǱҶɱˣҶǿʲô̶ȣ
౾ΪԼһ亹ͬʱҲЩңûڤһֱȥ򣬲Ȼ³ܾڤһˡڤȻֻһЩߣǣҪǵϴ󱻸ɵˣ
Ҷҡ߽ڤȻɵڤϴ󡭡˵ڤӽ𣬽һǧɣ

Ҷûڤ޵лص
ص֮Ҷֱӽ޵жƳǳǽϡʱ޵еѾҶƵɱΪ
ս
ڼҶһ̣ŮҹжʱһɣҶͺãǽˣΪҶĳɾͣǣҲб׶ˣǾ̫ҶˣҶ첻ˣ뽣˾ͻƶ˵䵽棡
ھʲôŮʡҶڱȵǿ̫̫ˡҶȻҲܹնߣնķǳڣ߾ǿҶǰǴײһնն
˵Ҷʵ֮Աôǿ϶ǸйأܺҶе׾ʲôõҶʵԾô࣡
ҶЦЦһЩ˵ţ˵˳
ĬãŮû뵽ȻǴ֮Ѻߵһط
Ҳû뵽
ҶЦЦΣʧˡλ棬ӦҲûܹвǡ
ҪȥˣŮʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ϶СУҲģԣҪϴ磡ʱǡ
ʱǱϴĺã
ʱҹͻȻ򣬻ǽˣûʸϴ磬ûѽᵽȥǿϣǾ͵ս綩µĹڵʵǻûȥսĹ򣡡
ҶĬΪҹ˵ûд뽣ˣȷʵûʵϴ磬ȥЦˡܹȥҲҶţ
ȥǲȥʱŮͻȻ
ǲȥҶüͷ
Ů΢΢ҡͷȻҲһͬȥǣҪףûǸʵԼҲܸȥһȥˣλĽô죿
һܹ˵ľˣһҶһǵŮҶŮȥ磬ǽλɾΣˡԣҪϴ磬Ҷܵȣ뽣˳׷չֻһϣ
ҶȻǲܵȵģ
ʱŮʵҲûʲô⡣λ棬Ѿûʲô˻ʲôǣԣȫصǡԼȥ˴磬ǧҪСģҲ塣
ҶãȻ˵ͷŮԣλ棬ûĸԣλ飬Ҫ̫ġ磬Ȼûȥ磬ǣȴѾ˴
壬ڣս󣬻ҡ
δ磬ڴ磬ĳҿѾ˰
ʵҲҪ˶ãǾͿԸȥģ
ʱҹͻȻڣ֮ǰշЩ磬Ѿȫǵĵ˶£һ£߾ǿѾʮλҲȻ߾ǿ߱٣Ǽ㣬ǵʵܹȵġȱʱȹ̸ȸһȶͷǵķչٶȣǹģ
뽣ȱʱ䣬ֻҪûҽ鷳뽣˵ķչ϶ܿ졣Ҫﵽϴı׼̫ã
ʲôʱϴ磿ʱŮʡ
Ҷ룬ȻºɣԼƵ̫ң̫̫Ҫȴ鴦֮ܰǰ磡
µʱ䣬㹻ˣ
Ҳã
Ů˵ͷҲҶԼƵ̫
Ҷ΢΢ͷ˵ͻȻ̧ͷ˵⣬ˣ
һ̣һֱʧ˴С
ŮҲæ˳ȥ
ҹҡҡͷһƽһ𣡡

ҶŮƳϿգʱƳϿյĿռھҼţܿ죬ҶŮĿ֮УǴռ˿ţһл˳
ʱ·޵ͻȻĺ壬ңҡ
壿
Ҷһ޵УȻߣ˵ҵǿߡ
Ͽգ߿һ޵У޵еĲʱڶʱһĨ裬ܿ죬·ҶҶ
ҶһĨ죬֪ңλȽϳڴ磬Ӧûûʲô֪Ĳǡ
Ȼ֪
ߵ˵㲻壬սڣңò˵ء
ҶΪҵİɣ
㻹ûôӣ
ҶҲκڻսԼ飬Ҫ޵С
ʵһɱҶҶѾûˡһ֣Ҷս嶼˳Ƿ֣Ҷڤϵǳ
ڤ
ȻѾǰǣҲǰ
ԣûֱӶ֣Ҫ޵У
Ϊʵ֤Ҷӣҿģ
ڴĻ󣬵λ棬Ҷûʲô취
޵У
Ҷҡҡͷܣ
˫΢УҷҪأ
·ҶͻȻνһնһֱû޵ü䣬Դֱըѿ
ս
Ҷʼ磬ʹ߰ɡ


1497 ۿ˵ͣ
Уɫޱ

ҶڴҲڴҵ
Ȼɱ⼸ΪʵʣǣȻûж֡ΪûǸɱҶ˵ɱҶܱҶɱ
ҶѾնɱһģ
УҶãȻãһҶڴ㣬ϣ˴磬Ҷܹôţ
£һֱʧԭء
ΪʲôҶԣŮʡ
Ҷҡҡͷ£
ԵĻȻ¶ԷǣԾڽ䱸ǳԶֻҪ֣Է϶뿪ӦڶԷȫ䱸£޷һɱԷ֮ǰܹ֮ɱһǿߣҪԭΪԷûзռһȻ
ԣղֻ֣˷ˣ
Ů˵ʱͻȻһһҶȻǿ߶η塣
£һϿա
Ҷ˶Էһۣģ
ǣ
ҶҾ˵ܹСħŮˣôһˡе棬㾿ôСħŮˡȻԼ÷ҲҪɱ㡣
ɱңΪʲôԼأҶ
˵֣
仰ǰŵģϾ߰ĺܡڣҾãǶˡҶɲһ򵥻ɫ¾һܹɱ㡣
ĭС䣡
ҶɫŮ֮Ĳ
ȻˣܾܲôȥȻû˼
ʱֵҶУҺ뿴λţжǿȻֻд裬
Ļ·ҹƵ˶ʱЩ̿굹Ǵһ˵ʾȫˡɱҶģ£Ҷ϶ǲ飬ڣ˵дġ
ʱҶҪɱԵЩûˡ
˵⻪֪Ҷǣôȥֲģǳ֣Ҷԣ˸ղôһ˵
Ҷһۻ꣬Ȼ֣Ҳ뿴Ŷʲôˮ׼
΢΢ͷһ̣һֱʧԭءٴγʱѾҶǰͬʱҶͻȻһӰЩӰתŲӰתҶΧĿռʱʶ
ʱҶΧĿռǱһһͬһסҶҪҶʵķ顣
ӰģҶ˫΢Уò˵ʵǷǳǿģΪʱȻоȫھҴʹҪһ㡣Ҫ֪ʱǲ𾳣һѧв塣
£߾ǿ߶Ǵ˿ȻоԼҪ飡
֮ģҶǰ̤һڵİ벽Ԫɱ벽Ԫӿ⾳ӿ⣬뿪ţ͵سܱ
⾳ٽ磡
䣡
һǧڵĿռȻѣһƬڡ
ãʿռ䱻޸ǣսûнֻУһʱǸҶǻġΪٶʵ̫ˣ쵽˸ǵĹ켣
ʲʱըû˻ڼս
ûս̫ãʵĿռͻȻѿҶ뻪˵ĿС
˶û¡֪ʤ϶ѷ֣
ʣĬãǿ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣʵҲԣ
ЦЦ㣬ࡣ˵꣬ԥ£Ȼֵ֮ǰ޵ڤ౾Ҫˣʱ󲿷ֶѾȥҪСһˣڴеʵҪǿࡣ
˭Ҷʡ
裡
ҲţǳϲĭС䣬ԣһΣԷ϶ͷȥĭСˡ˵⣬˶٣ֵʵʵһʹǴ磬ܹɱˣҲָˡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷΣлѣ
˵ͷл֮ǰ飬ˣ
£תһʧʡ
ʧҶջĿ⣬ȻɨһʣҪ𣿡
£˶ʱѸȥ
Щ֮У඼ûٵģʱŮͻȻ
ҶЦһһȺСùǡ
˵꣬ҶŵŮתûƳǡ
ʱȻǣΪҶԵʣҪֲ
Ҷһ֮󣬱ǰҪȥ磬һҪ죬һ¾ʫˡ
ȥʱҶһ£¾ʯǷɾʯڣǽˣǷǳȱɾʯģʯǷüɾʯ⼸ɾʯǽ˻ɾʯⶼ⣡
ǿ֮ǺҶֱʯҡ
ʯλǿ֮λãռؼ󣬽Ҳǿ֮ģȻʵҲǿ֮ǿġ
ҶûֱӴȥֲǶ
ʯſڡ
үģһҶʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
˵ѣʡ
Ҷٴε˵ͷ
Ц
ǷһĨǿЦүֽڵģ㻹ǵһ˵үѣҲԼʲôݣүѣĻȥ˷ҵʱ䣡
Ҷסˡ
׼ȷ˵ʱЩ¡Ȼû뵽ֻҸ˶ѣ
ۿ˵ͣ
û뵽Լֹۿ˵͵ˣ
ҶȻǲȥԷһƽϣֱֵȥͨү˵ծˣˡ
ҵĻ𣿡
ʱ˫΢У˵뾴ƲԳԷƣ㡭
ȻֹΪĺһָֻסˡ
ֻȻҶ֣
ҶᵽԼǰֱҾȥͨһ£𣿡
˵ţҶ͵һҡ
䣡
ֱӱ˵ϣѣĲҽ
˭ʯҰ
ʱʯڣͻȻһŭţʮֲϢֱӳҶѹ
߾ǿߣ
Ҷ˫΢УԼ֣Ҷ
Ҷ£ͻȻʮϢʱͬˮһ˻ȥ


1498 ɱȥ
ܿ죬ʮ߳ҶǰΪ׵һߡ
ʱЩڿҶʱأһ˿ɵ
Ҷ
ֵķɲᣬʯҶСϾʯҵҪڴ磬λЩˣ޷ԿҶҶһӣҵǿ߶նɱ϶Ҳʯҵģ
ʵķµģ
֪ʯкιɣ߳
Ǳˣһ˦ȥˡǣҶ
˵λ棬ûĸҲҶӣҲʯң
ҶүǷǮ
ߵǷҶǮ
ԥһ£Ȼ٣ͷеԿڣֻҪҿԴʯҽ٣Ϣ
ȻΪҶٵˣ
ԣҶߣԼˣҡҡͷҶҲٵģȥͨһǼү˵Ҷˣͻˡ
үǷǮʡ
Ҷ˵ͷģ
٣ʡ
ɾʯѣҶ
ԣߵ˱ʱסˡʯȻɵйǣɾʯʯ˵ҲһʲСְرλ棬൱ʯҺüµӯˡ
ߵ٣̫ˡϷȨүڱչأ֪ٿɷȵȣ
ҶüͷҪȶã
߱ԥȻҲȷ
Ҷҡҡͷ̫Ҫʵûʱȡү𣿡
ߵ˵ͷϷʯ֣ǿ֮ǵĹ¡
Ҷ˵ͷ֪չصҪԣҲΪ㣬Σ֮˵һ˵ɾʯֱ͵ŮУԣ
ʯ룬Ȼ˵ͷԣʵȷʯǷҶǮĻҲǿġǣȷҶȻޣǣʱȴû𡣵Ħ飬ⶫ˲֪˲ġ
ʯִӦҶͣתҪߣʱڲԶĿռͻȻţһʮСŮͻȻǿռ֮˳СŮһϲ黨ȹò㣬ĽСͷ㷢һԺ˿ԵЩСɰ
СŮʯֵɫһ䣬ȻæӭȥʯֶСŮ΢΢һȻС㣬ôˣ
ԣСŮüëһô˼Ҳ
ʯæҡͷ˼ֻǣСôǰ֪ͨһ£Ǻӭ㲻ǣ
СŮһȻܣ֪𣿱СдҪģñ֪Сˣ𣿡
ʯֿһСŮ֪Сʲô£ҵǷ԰æ
ԣ
СŮ˫ֱСְαСأΪСѱ۸ˡڽ죬Ҫʲô֡ѱ۸ôӲأǸھȥǸҶλòȻ˸ȥץҪƤ۸Сѣǻˣ
Ҷ
ʯֵ˴ʱҲס˺һᣬʯֺ˹ʣС㣬㣬Ҷģ
Ȼ
СŮһұչس󣬲֪Сλ汻۸ˡҶǵ죬۸ʯСеѣҪ
ĭС䣿ʱҶͻȻʡ
СŮתͷҶ˭
ʱʯֵæΧʯСеԣٴУҶƢҲģϲһԲϾͰνɱˡʯСеʵȻܲǣǵסҶһġǿ߶ܹնɱҶʯСεס
˭
ҶЦЦҾҪƤҶ
Ҷ
ʯС˫΢Уһɫ޳ϣߣǵȫѹû뵽һ㡣
˵ţҪ֣ʱʯȴͻȻǰȻصС㣬㲻Ҫ

ʯСŭС֣㾹Ȼҵңǲǳıӵ
ʯֿɬһЦС㣬֪ǣһΣĲ㡭˵ţͻȻʯСԵһߣȥүг
㶣漴һʧԭء
ʱʯСȴͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰȻűֱӳҶɨ˹ȥʯСȻǣʵɲ磬ֱ֮Ӱѿռ˿
ǱҶԴʱͻȻͣ
ΪһʯСеü䣡
ʯС۾Բţ
һĻһԵʯֵ˴󺧣ȫҶΧ˹ȥʯæ٣飬飡
˿̣ʯֵɫף亹ˡǱˣܹ˼ʯңɱʯСУǣҶУҶһӣһʲôʲô˶ɱķӡˣǲûʯвҶÿķʽ
ҶûйʯֵˣʯСУĭС죬¡
ʯСŭҶʯСǲѵģҪɱɱ˵꣬˫۽СҲǽϸ֮£ͻ֣ᷢڲ
Ҷ˫΢Ун䣬ʱһӰͻȻʯ˳
죡
ӰҶʱǾһ
Ӱ˶ʯ죡
֣飡
ʯæСò£ʲô֮ҴǸ
ҶЦЦȻջ˽ʯ죬ӣʵôƢȴСǲģԺܻԴ
һĻ˶һ
ʯҲǴһҶƢ𱬵һãҶӡȻʯҿܾҪϧһдҶˡʱܾˡ
ʯЦЦ˵ǣλȥһҼүӺúù̹ܽܽѾͷ
Ҷ˵ͷծģʯַĻ
ǱȽֱӵģǷծǮ쾭壬Ҫֱӵ㣡ȻԷܻװɵ㶣
㣬Ȼ㣡
ʯЦЦȻָһһöɽҶǰҶɨһۣ澹Ȼ
ˣҶʯ졣
ʯЦǸӦúȱɾʯҸպòȱ͵ǽģպͷԣڻҡ
ҶҲܾµ˵ͷлˣ
˵ʲôʱǰ磿ʯʡ
ˣҶ
ʯԥһ£Ȼֵмֿ֪ܲǾЩ˵£κܸ㷢֤ͨͨҲ˵
Ҳ˵ҲȥҶʡ
ʯ˵ͷԣҪѧ޼ңһȥ
ȥҶҡҡͷ
Ҫôȥʯ
ҶǷһĨЦɱȥ


1499 ԡ
ɱȥ
ҶĻ˽ɫһ䡣
Ҫ֪޼ңȻҲǴȥǣǴ򣬶ҶȴҪɱǲһġս򣬶Ҷȴսĸס
Ҷϲɱ
Ȼǣûɱ˵Ⱥá
ǳûѡ񡣴ʯУ֪ЩˣҲǵڣҲսҲңֻ塣ЩǲҶϴģͨ·ȴҶģ϶ǿ籩꣡
Ҫȥֻɱȥ
ʯ룬Ȼ֣Ҳǻʵֻǣͨ·ɲ򵥣ɲǼ򵥵·Ǵ繲ͬƶһ˭򣬾͵ͬ硣λ棬ԼʵȥģҲ֪ˡΪǵʵԵʣҲôֻܳǣ㣬ڡ
֮⣬ûн޼ңӵʵ
ҶЦЦʯֵ˼ǣʯ֣һѡ𣿡
ȻУ
ʯλ棬ΪڤϵǳʵΪеЩɱ㡣£Էչ츳ʵŹ˶ãڴ磬㶼ܹߣ
ҵȲôˣ
ҶҡҡͷȻʯСУĭС죬֪֪λȥǿռСף
ʯСпһҶȻҡҡͷûڱչسڱչˡԣ˵ռСףûҲû
Ҷ˫ֻ
϶Сף
һ뵽ǣҶͺ޲뿪ϴ硣϶Сףǻƴ϶СһʲôĿأرСףС⣬õĿԷǳĴ
֮ģǳĲģ
ʱʯСͻȻҶһˣһˣҪ۸С䣬ôõˣ
Ǻˣ
ҶʯСУһʯСУȻò˵ȷʵʺѣһǿ󡣡
ʯСеƢҲû˭ˣǸ߰˵ĭСеһƴԣĭСǷˡ
ʯСл˵ʲôȴǱʯݺݵһۣСһ⣬ȴû˵ʲôˡ
ʱҶʯ챧˱ȭʯ֣һҪˣ
ڣ
ʯЦǴ
ҶЦЦȻתһʧԭء
磬ǿҶߺʯСͻȻ
ǿ
ʯ˵ͷɫأҶʵ˵λ棬ڴ綼ǶĴڡ
ˣǲ䣬պɾͣضǽ޼ңʱǺߵϧ̫ˡûңǰ㣬ǣ޹ңңӣǣ޹ңһһҪֻܴ֡ǣҶǣҵ̫̫࣬ǣҪһҪ֣磬˵ȣͽˣ
޵ڤ³𣿡
ʱʯһ˵⣬ζҪķ񱨸˭ңѾһ壬Լսеڣ㿴ڴĸȥ
˵⣬ߣҲʲôھȹһ飬üšԺλ棬չһǽˣбҪĻǶҪǴǿ԰ף
ߵ˵ͷүô˵Ǿô
ʯ˵ͷȻʯСУ㣬Ѿͷ֪֪ղǵʲôˣΪǴ磿Ϊ㱨ʯң˼ҾͲҶ㣿֪޵ǻʬ嶼Ѿˣ
ʯСƲƲ죬֪ô
ʯһ̾СУϸ熪£ƢҪĸģΣϸһеӣҶϸϸӣ´أ´Ҫǵĺˣ˼Ҳʯӣϸӣʱô죿
ʯСߵʯǰסֱҡҡŬǿǿˣ˭Ҳӣ
ʯݺݵһʯСУϼţŬǿȻðĵĴ𣿡
ʯСһЦ籣ò쾭𣿡
ԣʯɬһЦһҪģ
Ȼô˵ڣȴǳų֮ɫ
ʯСûûεĺٺһЦȻ磬Ҷûҵȥ棬ԣȥô˵ΣգߣүӾͻợңҲŲţ
棿
ʯҡҡͷϸҹȥĸ㲻ףүΪʲôԼĲ𣿡
磬͵͵ġʯС
ʯ죺

ͨǿմҶ
ʱ˵ܲѾᵽĽ񹬣ʱĽˣҲΪ½һ
û˽ƣ½ҲָȻȲ磬ǣȴС̫ˡĻָõ½һ£ԽԽų֣ԽԽǿ֣߳ЩţЩǿߣԽˣ
ˣ½𽥳һָİȻûгߣǣڵ½˵ֻʱ⡣
ҶûоκˣĽ˽
ڣСŮ׷СŮǳСӣһʹ񱼣һ׵β͡׵βϣһǱСŮСŮ˫ֽǵ׵磬ΪٶЩԵʣСŮС紵ĵȴ˷֮ɫ
СŮȻѩ
ս㣬ڿѽ׵ϣѩ˷ܵĽš
תͷһѩȻСһģʱǵ׵ֱӰѩѩҪڵʱһϴѩ·ֱӰѩָСŮǲֺ
ʱǱҪסѩͻȻһһȥţһ˫ֽסѩ
Ҷ
ҶѩսǴסһ̣ѩЦտֱӱסҶĲӣ
ҲƮҶԣȻץסҶļ򣬸˵磡
ҶֽҲȻŮСϺݺһڣЦѩգû
룡
ѩסҶĺȻҲѧҶҶһڡ
ҶһЦȻѩأ
ѩգգۣϦԡ
ԡ
ҶǷһĨȣѩգȻҪ̸ȥ棬𣿡
Դѩս𣿡ѩ
ҶҡҡͷɫУѩԣսȥȥȵ̸ˣѩòã
ðɣҪѩรѩҶȻյֳԶһһȥ
СŮıӰҶЦЦȻתԶڵλãԡҲԡһˣ
£һֱʧԭء


1500 ǻˣ
ڵ
ڵȻʫ˾סĵططϽ˽룬Ҳû˸ҽ롣
ڵܣǿ󷨣κ˽룬ڵҶ˵ͬ衣Ͼӵпռ䷨뽣ġ
֮Уڣŵԡ֮УŮӡ
ŮȻˮУ͸뵴ˮȻԿǽ壬ȻΪԵʣǺȴˡ
ԡ
ʵߵһĳ̶ȣǲҪԡģֻҪ΢ʩչͿǣŮ˵ԡѾһϰߡͺñߣѾڳԷǣ˻ڼһͣ
ԭһϰߣеϰһɣǺȥıģԼоԼһˣ˻ϲԼһ
ԡ֮УϦ¿ʫǰǷһĨаȣʫطִˣ˵ǲǸһĹ͡
ʫɫ΢죬һϦ£ûнӻⷽ棬ʮϦµĶ֣
ϦȴǵˣߵʫԣٺЦʫǼһǷΣ
ϦµĻʫߵһϦ£˵ʱһͻȻڳ𣺡Բ֪𣿡
ʫϦɫһ䣬Ȼû뵽˻ңˣת˲Ůһϲ
ΪҶģ
ȻҶŮǰ
Ҷʫ϶ʱһĨЦݣǺܿ죬ɫһºΪڿһ
һӣԶҪϣǣҶȴһӣֱӷ˻ȥʱ
ͨ
һˮҶԡ֮С
Ҷסʫ֫ЦϷˣʲô
ʫһҶȻϻɬȴûȥ·ˡһԣϦϸϸһЦ棬ȳǣǺú
˵꣬Ҫ
ʱҶȴһӣһֱסϦ£һ̣Ϧֱӱ˻
ҶסϦµ֫㲻֪жھ͸㡭£Ҷ˫ַסϦµ֫䱳ԼȻǹ

⧲֮£Ϧ¶ʱһܿ죬ͱЩˡ
뾡
ԼҶȻǲѹƵģЦӵˣѹԼҶԴûżС
ΪϦ֪Լһսս˽һʱֱϦ½еͶһָûŰݡûаݣֻתս
һս˵ڶ졣
ϡ
ҶУʫϦ¡ΪŮҶȥʱ﷢ʲôˣʱҶ˵ԼһЩ顣
ãҶ˵Ϧû뵽ô󡭡㼸Ҫȥ磿
Ҷ˵ͷλǴȥҲŷġ½Ȼǿģû˸˺ʫǡǣµǱ½鷳
ڵ½Ƕס߾ǿߵģ
Ĭһ˲ʫҡҡͷȥ
ΪʲôҶ⡣

ʱϦͻȻһҶʲôطǵŮĵ̣ŮˣǴĵطȥʹ˵ʲôǣôҪ֪ɻҶģ˼ױҵġ
Ҷüͷû¡
ʱʫֵ⣬ͦá
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷҲãȻ½û߾ǣУң׼ѴСڻСţԼСдСڣСţСڣһȫ͵Ϯ½Ȼﰲȫûġ
ȥ˴ʲôʱʱϦͻȻʡ
ԣʫҲҶҲ֪ġ
ҶĬһ˲Ȼҵ϶СףҾͻǡ
϶
϶ʫϦ¶İġǺҪҶѡһҪ˳ܾܿ϶϶ǲһ϶ǸҶһɳģҶ֮䣬̫̫ĥѣ
ָ飬ġ
ԣǺʹΣգҶ϶ҲȥңҶܷ϶ԣȰҶȥֻ˵ˡ
ʫԴҶǰȥģֻҪסһ㣬ŮˣŮԶڵ
Ҷһů˵ʱͻȻоԼһֻסϦ£Ϧ¿£һȥ󣬹ܺһһ֣ȻȻڶ㲻ˣ͸ñӣһһ
ҶֱӷѹϦϣڴսٻغϡ

ʱһͻȻ𣺡磬㵽׻ҪɩǶã
ԣϵҶһ漴һϲһֱӳ⣬⣬һʮ߰ŮӣŮò㣬Ҷ߷ֵơŮӣȻҶС
ҶСһЦ磬þòȻЦȴ峺Һ塣
ҶСԴС㳤ˣ
СǰһȻסҶ磬ô꣬Һ㣡
ҶЦЦˣôˣñ˿ҪЦģ
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С˵ϣҶһˡȻʱʫŮҲˣֲͬ
ʱҶûÿʫŮѩҲû¶棬ˣ֪ˣҲͽ˼߲ʫˡ
½ư໹˫Ĺ£ҪʲôҲˣλǻʫŮġ

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ΪϾ
ϾȻǲǣǰûʱ䣬ڣʱˡԣҪȥԷӻ
붫ǳԶʹǿմҲ㴫ŵ
½
ҶҹƸռе֪λ棬ϱĸ֮УʵǿģĪ򣬹һڶҲǿΪ𣬿˵ϱǵһ
ڵ֪ҶҪʱҹҲ⽻ҶҶСһЩ
Ҷ̤һǳǰ
ߺˣһĿҶϣͬʱϢҲҶϡ
Ҷһ꣬һĨ죬Ϊ꾹Ȼǰ񣬵ϢȴǼԶ˰ǿߡ
ԷʻҶ˱ȭȻҶǰݻ
ҶͻȻҶĻ
Լܳ
Ҷ˵ͷЦǣ
ʱǷһĨЦǻˣڣ
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ԶҶֱˡ


1501 ʵҲţ
Ҷȷʵˣ
û뵽ֱӶ֣ңԷӣԼʲôһؿɼǴûİ
ңȻ֪ǻֱӶֻ֡ܲλ棬ˣûУ϶ҲûˡУԲꡣ
Ҷɻ
ʱȭͷѾǰ
Ҷֽճȭֱһȭ
䣡
ռ˲䱻ɵǧ֮⣡
ǧ⣬꿴ԼѾûֱ֪ۣ㶣Ȼ̧ͷҶðʦˣеʵղһʱУû棬Գ˸Сڣ㲻ôõĻˡ
£ֻƣȻ󳯺һһ̣΢΢һһӡɽӡֺΧռʱҲ·ܲסеһ㡣һŭȣǵӡֱӳҶ˹ȥ
ǵӡҶǰһɵľʱͻȻӡһȻӡֱӽҶ
һĻǶʱһĨЦݣ˵ʱЩӡͻȻȻѣţҶֱӳǰ
󾪣ܵһȭ
ҶҲһȭ
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꿴Ҷдһ˿𾪣㣬㾹Ȼôǿ
㲻֪ôǿ𣿡Ҷʡ
꿴һҶǰ֪֪ˡ
ǰ֪Ҷ˫΢Уûң

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ܿ죬Ľ̸УҶװϾΪʲôô˵ˡϾڷǳܻӭ׷˷ǳǳĶࡣϾȻǶЩûʲôȤǣͬţܲ˼׷㣬Ͱ˼Ҵһٰɣ
ֶεˣϾңΪʣ߲㶼ˣ׷󣬿ԣǣҪʲôСϷǾ֮أ
ˣϾҶơһڵеĶסһˣǾҶ
ҲΪʲô֪Ҷ󣬾ֱӶֵԵʡԷ֮ԸֱӶ֣ΪҶڶϼ飬ûдطȽϸ߰붫Զˣ˸Ҷʵ
ʱ߰ɣҴȥ
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ܿ죬Ҷ⣬ȻȥͨˡΪﲻ֪ҶʵˣֻǵǰϾѣǵȻͲдˡϾҶҲһݷãôҲиݵдġ
ҶҲںЩһں
ǰϾţŶ԰ϾжԣȻȥðϾΪѵġ
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һҶҿҲôĻû˧ʦôῴһ
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ҶɨһܣΧ˵ĻȻģΪ˼Ҹûй˼˵ǹ˵ġЩ⣬ⰲϾڵĵλܻӭĳ̶ȡʵϾŮӣǣһֶеʣʣǳˡ
ǿϢ
ߴ½ΨһܹŲпܷҶģֻһǾǰϾ
ڤŮǲģΪתϾǣĿԼġϾĳɾͣ츳벻ŬʵҶŬԶ츳ҪҪĶ࣡
츳õˣŬһջͷģǣ츳õˣŬĻںõ츳Ҫķϡ츳ŬǾͿˡϾˣ
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˿̣˶סˣ
Ϊû뵽ֱӾͱһȭˡ˿Ҷг𾪣һ˿档
ڣǽ굥ϥأұ۾ҲţȻڲǣѾоˣΪֱֻѾʧȥֱ֪ۣȫʧȥ֪ˡ
̧ͷԶҶǿ
£ǶʱһѪ
ԷѪҶε̯̯֣Ѿˡ
ۣ
ҶĻǽֱڴһھѪ
ʱҶɨһܣں䣬Ҷţֽֽ̡
˵⣬Ҷ˶٣Ȼֵڱʵԭҽ飬ĸλһϡ
ˣ


1502 ɱ㣡

ţ
ǳţ
ҶĻɫѿһϣҶһϣǣ
Ϊһڵôûй

ȻһֳֳӳҶǰ
ǲľʦ֣У˾
ٺ٣ľʦֽѾﵽǲ£ҶܹľʦּУ
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Уڶˣ

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Ҷ㶣漴ҡͷһЦһޣȻڽ֮ϣ֣ǣԳǵһޡôǿô࣬˭˵ԼĳһǵһԳνʲôһ඼Щ֪ˡ

ʱǲľͻȻ㣡
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Уһ˲˲ĶŲľУ˷ܣڴһ˿š
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ҶҪ赲ǽʱǵͻȻֱûҶǰĿռڣҶסת˲ֱӺҶϡ

ʱԶͻȻЦ޴Ϭһ֮Ҷ֪ʲô֮֮һǿȥֵѰ·㡭
˵⣬ͻȻȻֹ
Ϊ֣ԶҶʱһֿ׳յĿ⿴
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㣬ף
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ԷੲݣҶ˫΢У񽥽
죡
ʱһͻȻ˳Уţһӳ˳С
ӣɫʱ΢䣬ȻŻһ񣬡
΢΢ͷȻ֮ǰ꣬ȥڣʲôʱԼʲôʲôʱڳ
ɫˣȴ˵ʲôæȥ
ȥ󣬻ӿҶУ

һƬȻ˲˼ĿҶҶǺηʥȻõսεºܣ
ҶĬʱֵСڵˣѡˣҺ뿴۹⣬ȻҲܺ棬λһŵʵǿʲô̶ȣ
λһţҶ㵵ң
ЦЦ㻹֪ҶѾλһˡʵ˵λһǿ߶Ϊˡ
ӵĻ˴ľ
λһţλһǿߣ
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Ǳ˵ģǿ϶ţ¶Էһˮǣ⻰˵ģ
ҵҶǫˣ졣
ЦôɣǹУ
ܲ𣿡Ҷ
ΪʲôӲ⡣
ҶҡҡͷʵǿҲʵѻ㣬ǣǶʵ϶ɱ㡣
ȷʵǿƾоǣԷǿҲԽӲֻһ
ҶĻڵ˶ʱŭһŭҶҪڵĻȥŪҶˣ
ӳĬһ˲Ȼʤͼ򵥵ĹһУΣ
ԣҶЦ
ӵ˵ͷȻǰ̤һһֽ̣ճȭȻһȭ
ȭȭͷĿռͻȻ˿ţһȭӡֶһ糯Ҷȥ
벽Ԫȭ⣡
ԶҶ˫΢У֪˺ǿû뵽ԷȻ˰벽Ԫȭ⣡
Ҵ⣬ҶһʳУһ̣νһն
նν
һڳһǵȭӡڿкһ
䣡
˵Ŀ֮УǵȭӡȻѣţǵֱ룬Ӽȥ
ٴһȭ
䣡
һըֱӱǧ֮⣡
ˣ
һ̣оţ


1503 ĵһţ
ˣ
һ̣˴ľ
Ҳǿǿļ֮һ˵򣬾λܹ˶û
ڣȻܸһ꣡
ԶǲľǷһĨɬ֮ǰͲµҶ˽⣬ΪоԼ֮ǰĽⲢʧֱӱҶˡܹģֻһֿܣǾǽߣ
벽Ԫ⣡
ϣҶǰ벽Ԫ⣡
һԣ˿Լ֣ϣһۡĬһ˲̧ͷҶλһţλ棬һ֮У֪ģѾܹƥУ˵һһߣҲû֣
ˣ
ҶЦЦȻǰǰΪϾɷ
Ĭһ£Ȼǽȥ̸
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻ˵ͷã
΢΢ͷȻɨһܣ֮ǰ֮Բ֪ˣɽɽҪԼǿǿģ̫̫ࡣߣſУԴ󣬲
˵꣬תȥ
ҶɨһˣȻȥ
У˿ҶıӰɫЩӣеЩҶǸŧ˾ͻлᣬǣҶŧţǾԲᷴ԰Ͼһġ
Ҳҷԣ
һҶǿд߰ϾʱڲʧһţҪһšҪǣҶҪĻڻ治ô
˵ҶϰϾȻûϣˣ

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
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˵⣬˶ֵʵڲǰڶѾûܹκε֣ҲȫѹŴԼʵҲĶ֡
Ҷ˵ͷǺ⣬ΪϾ츳ãڰϾУϾܸ죡
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ʱֵطȷʵѾʺչˡ㣬λ棬Ҳʺ㷢չˡ
Ҷ˵ͷףôлһֱ֧֡
ˣ
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Ҷ˵ͷǰ˼ԼҲġڣҲҪȻĲãҿ϶ҪߵģڵӶôϲҲͷˡ
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ҶҡҡͷҸ˻ءϲ֤𣿡
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൱ֱĹսˣ
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꿴ͣӦûгʮ꣬ûеʮ꣬ʹﵽߣ츳ò˵ֲܿˡϢЩȶӦ˵Ǻ鸡һ죬һǵأ̫ˣ
еˮ
Ҷʱ뷨
ûйܶԷҶҪȥʱͻȻϾأӽҪˣ
ԣҶͣ˽Ųתꡣ

ʱҶԵһڵͻȻĳţսʱʦˡԴˣһֱڻ´һû뵽ˡңˣ
˵꣬ɫ
꣬Աڵɫޱȵء
ߣ
߸֮ĲɲһĴȻǶ԰Ͼģǣ߰
ʱɨһܣȻЦôҳˣ
Ҷһ˿죬һ⣬ǾЩ˺񶼲֪ϾѾڵ顣ܿ죬ˡӦҲǣϾҲڵһƣñΪڣԱҲһε壡
ôϾأ
ʱЦҹʲôڵһţʲôһţӽҪףһţϾǰһ
ʱҶͻȻǰ
΢΢һ漴Ҫ˵ʱҶͻȻνһն
һն
նν
ɫ䣬˫æһ裬ٵȭӡֶҶǵ
ȻЩȭӡֽͬһֱ࣬ӱҶǵи
䣡
˵Ŀ֮Уֱӱ䵽ǧ֮⣬˵棬ֱӽҳһ޴ӡ
ڣڵϣ鴤ţǣѪͬһ㲻ӿ
Ҷߵǰǵϵһţĵһţ
˵꣬Ҷתһֱӻһʧʣ


1504 һ
뿪ںҶֱӻص
ս
УֻˣŮҶҹơ
Ҫϴ𣿡Ůʡ
Ҷ˵ͷˡ˵ţҹƣ֮ͨ·飬鵽𣿡
ҹ΢΢ͷȻҪ֮ͨ·ͱȵ쾡ͷ쾡ͷλڼ֮ص֮ϣԴﵽ֮ͨ·λ˿֮ͨͨ·ϴ硣֮ͨ·λΨһһϴ;
Ҷ˵ͷһжأ
ҹƳϢȻ£ֻһǿߣҲǿڣ߾ǿ߸޷֮ƥСڼϣҲ˸ȥսĹԣԴ˵һǿرԡǡ
˵⣬Ҷ£Ҳ֪֪Ҫȥԣǲֻһǿߣɱǿ߸ˡһΣǿ϶Ҫɱģ
ҶĬ
ҹ˵֪ʵ£϶ǲ;ġԷһΣ϶ǻɳǿݣ˵ֱӾɼֻؾǿ
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ʱҹߵҶǰص뽣޼ңǲͬϴʱûǡ㣬ô㣬ǲܸκλġԣҵĽǣϴ磬ʱϣ
ҶֻսɫЩҹ˵뽣޼ңӲһ˼ҪϴʱûȴҪʱѾȥˡڣȻҪҶǣңڣս⼸϶Ҫģ
壡
ǸĭС϶ǲŹģ
ԣҪϴ磬ǲһѣ
Ӧ˵ĿǰҪϴ磬͵
ĬãҶϣ
ΪʲôҹƲ⡣һΣĲҶ뷨ˡҶܶʱܳ嶯ǣ嶯ͬʱǲӵģڣ֪˼ڵҪȥ⣬ǳĲ⡣
ҶһȻƣ֪ĵģǣ뿴ڲȥʲôʱȥأ
ҹƳĬ
ҶҡҡͷңڲȥԺҲϲȥģҴﵽﵽֻؾһܹҡڵȥǣֻؾܹﵽġңﵽֻؾʱĴ϶ҲһġߣǿֻֻؾҲܶࡣҴﵽԷܻǿ߶ģԣʱĴʵڲû̫𣡡
ҹƳĬãȻЦЦǣȥûһʤ㣡
Ϊ
ҶЦЦȻŮ̫ģҲģ
Ů΢΢ҡͷᣡ
ҶһŮҲ̫ˡʱŮߵǰȻס֣Ǹ϶Ĺ֮飬Ҳ֪֪㲻ģǣҪסֻţǣϣ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʱŮֵ̫ЩֿܹģˣζţҲԣκ飬Լñ֤Լţ𣿡
ŮҶԸԼҲΣգǣΣգǲΣյģȻ˵һǣҲһֶ
δȻ˵û
ʱҲҲҶҪף㴳˺ܶǳǳĶ࣬㲻ˡ˵磬λƶҪǶ֡ԣңδȻǸ϶Ƕǣ㲻ΪζţǴҿܶڣ뽣˵Ψһϣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ѹô󣡡
ҹЦЦѹǶˣ˵ˡȻҪȥ϶ǻʲôƵģţ϶ǲװȥġ˵ţŮδȻҲ̫ģһʱƳ嶯ʵĺܣ
ŮһҶȻ˵ͷȷʵ˵ţ˶٣ֵǵȥʱҶ˵Ļ𣿡
ʲôҶס
ŮĿһۣȻˣǾˣ
ҶͻȻסŮ֫Цôǣ˵ģһȢ㣡˵ţҹƣƣ¾ͽȥˣ
ŮҪ̫һЩͺá
ʵˣ
ҹЦڣ˭֪˵Ĺϵ̻ҪߵģҲ˷
ȻҶ֪ҶŮĹϵǣûгף˾ǲĵġǵȻҪĵģһҶŮûһô죿ĳɾͣ˭ҪҶ
Ҷ뿪ٵһ붼ֹ
һҶŮףǾͿԳ׷ˡ
Ҳȶģ
ȻҹƲٰ죬ŮԣӦ˵Щ򵥣ҹƵĸĸнһЩ߲㡣
ҶŮϲױδҲǳҶŮȻ޳ɵģڵҶҲλһšѾ˽λһǿߣ
ҶŶ
ʮ궼
ʹǵĽ޼ңӣ͵ĳɾͣҲˣ
ҹ鶼ҶŮ뿪ս
֮С
ܶɱ˵ǿʶϢⷿ䡣
ڣҶŮһϲۡ
Ů֮ˣϽһ£ҶʱЩ
û뵽ԼһˣŮ
ҶסŮ֣ûң
ŮһҶȻ֪龰𣿡
ȻҶЦȻǵãʱĵŮһƵġ
֪ʱʱҵ뷨𣿡Ůʡ
ʲô뷨ҶЩ档
һҪɱ㣡Ů
Ҷ
Ϊ㿴˲ÿĶŮ
ҶסŮ֫ȻЦǲÿڣҿԹĿˡ
£ҶһӣеĹȫʧ
ţ֮Уһ˴ĵ


1505 ûأ
ļʱҶȫŮ
ŮҲǷе飬Ҷ
˸ո»飬Ȼ罺ᣡ
ֵһ˵ǣҶڵõĻ͸˵ŮŮڷŻֱӽ߾۷塣
Ů츳Ӧ˵ǿǵ˵ʵ͸ôﵽ߾˵ġŮսǿ޵Уڴﵽ߾ʵǿЩ£ҶûѧֻһǶǺӽͼȻҲսŮ
Ҷ뿪
뿪ʱ򡣵ʵ˿ʵڼλ棬ûĸ
ڴ磬ΪڤԵʣҲ
Ҫ֪֮ǰֻؾǿߣѪŮС
ֻؾǿߣһ˵һ־޴ʧ
ֻؾǶ
Ϊˣھ类ѹƺ󣬸ڤĶ֣
ˣֻҪڤ⣬Ͳ
˵ҶǱ˸ȡ
Ҷ뿪һϢͻȻ˿
һºҶҪϴ磡
Ϣ˶ˡҶҲλ棬˲֪˲λһţλһǿߡ
Ҫͨ·
ͨ·
λ棬ֻǿȥģһǽ޼һңӡ˶ǽޣڣҶҲǽޡ£Щûְҵֻ
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ʵϽ˵ȽٵġΪʲôΪ̫ѣ
һǳĿ̣Ǿǽ⣬㲻⣬ͲǽޣʹǿĽҲ޷ӳ⽣ġ˽⣬㲻ǽͨսͬޣ
Ϊ̵Ҫֱӷ˳Ϊһ޵뷨ΪһɣԽԽû䡣
ڣҶĳ֣ýһɻˣ
ޣҪôţҪôţ죡
Ȼⲻص㣬صҶҪͨ·
Ҷͨ·
ޱȵڴˣѾ׼һºǰ쾡ͷû˻ԸһĻ
ڴһºʱҶѾϢ˱
һΣҶϢûκ֪ҹŮ֮⣬ûκ֪Ѿ뿪˶׼һºͨ·顣
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СգգۣеϤζҺأ
Ҷ㵣ǰ˯𣿡
˯йϵ𣿡С췴ʡ
Ҷ
СûйҶ̧ͷͨ·ȻüͷŹ˺һŵ·еϤأǣǺܾúܾúܾǰˡԣе벻ˡѽˣȥɣ
˵꣬Ҫ굽ȥ
ʱҶȴֱסȻС죬ܲ룬Լûأ
ΪʲôС첻⡣
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СգգۣǱأֱȥ
ҶߣߵĻ˵ҡҡͷȻأҡҲ֪ǣ·ûΣյĵط
Сҡҡͷ·ûΣգ
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Ҷ
ʱСͻȻͨ·һЩ·һһģĿأΪ˸λ濪һ֮šΪﵽ߾۷ˣܵλĻǾͻ䡣ǿƿռ䣬ǰ磬̫籾ԴԣŪôһ·Щʸʵˣͨ·ǰǴ磡
ҶΪʲôֱӴͨλϣλֱһأ
ҪԼˣ
Сﱾƽȣ˭ŵȣ࣡ԼԼŵȣǸλ棬طλ棬͵ǵ͵λ桭Լֵġ
˵⣬СͻȻҶԺǧ˵ʲôģֹ֪ܵĻƬܶѾˡ
ûôذɣ
ҶȻ̰˵㣬ǣҲڻƬɣ
ڣ
С쵭Ͳ˵ˣҪ棬ȡǣսأǿһսʧ硣ٸӣǿطսû֮۹ܵĻǵĴսֱӻٵ½ǵʵ𣿡
ҶĬ
˵ǿߣԼõֻҪƻģХҪһ磬ôѣ
СֵΪǵʵ̫ǿƻ̫ԵʣһԭǾǲϣλЩ˱ūۡΪƣǿ߱ǿ̫࣬ǿûκƵǲ˵λ˰ʲôģ϶ûл·ˡ㣬Ҫûƣ㻹л·𣿡
ҶһС죬ô˵Ƭ֮Իڣ֮ԻƽΪ
ϻ
С潨˸Ƭͱ滵ˡˣж컹ģߣˣ˴඼һȺǡ
Ҷ룬ȻС죬ǲʶǸ֮С̫⣬̫ˡ֮ۺϤַǳά֮Щۣ֮²⣬Сһ϶ʶģֱӾһģ
СȴҡҡͷʶʶССǣΪһ档
Ϊʲô棿Ҷʡ
ΪʲôأС췴ʡ
Ҷ齩סһᣬȻŵһ˵ˡǿ϶棬ǣԸ棬Ϊʲô
ΪʲôأС췴ʡ
Ҷҡҡͷҳװܸˣ
СһЦʵССǶѺõģ϶ܸѡͦϲģ
ҶЦЦ㵹ֱͦ׵ģ
СЦЦȻɫҪȥ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
С΢΢ͷףˣ
ҶͲһ£
СҡҡͷҲܣҲϲܣԣҺԼܵӡˡ
ԼܵӡˣҶ㵵
С˵ͷҾãӦҲҪѴܵӡסΪ̫ܴˣ
ҶһС죬ȻҲ˵ԭܣ𣿡
ǣС˵ͷ
ԭжҶʡ
СһᣬȻûء
Ҷ


1506 ʱ¹
ûаܹ
ҶѾʯԭأ
СأǳءһʼΪĲܣȻڲ֪˼ҲǲܣǲϲܣȻ󻹷ǳţİԼܵӡ
˭
棡
ǳĺ棡
˺ССʵʵжǿҶ֪Ҳȷǣ϶
Ĭһ˲ҶС죬ܲܰѷӡ⿪Ȼأ
СգգۣȻҡҡͷܣ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ΪôˣС
Ҷ
ʱСֵңܽ⣬Ҳܰء
ΪʲôǲǺ𣿡Ҷٴʡ
С룬Ȼ֪ССΪʲô֮Ϊ򣡡
򣿡Ҷ⡣
С˵ͷ淨棬൱һ̬ϵͳ棬еˣ壬ʲôģˣ˵ﶼˡССǸԤĻƻ̬ϵͳ̬ϵͳʧȥƽ⣬ǳءԣֻҪ壬壬߱ʲô岻ȥƻıԴССǲôġ
Ҷ˵ͷˣ
СһЦúüͣȥˣ
£ֱ굽˺ڵ硣
УҶĬãȻ̧ͷʯףһΣֻܿԼˣûѡĿŵȥǽԼ˿ռ֮УڼϽԼϢڸסȻǱжȥ
֮ǰ֮ҹƹһºϴ磬ʵĿľΪ˶Ŀ˰עһºţЩ϶Ѿ֪һºҪ·ȻһºھҪ
䲻⣡
ռ֮УҶһ·ǱУ˳ǳ˳ûгκˡ
ǣҶȴȫ䱸šȻһºſʼ·ǣ˭ұ֤ЩһºŻǿأ
ԣǵСģ
ʱҶͻȻͣ
ǰԶһɫš
ͨţ
ţ൱ڵ˴ķΧ
Ĭһ˲ҶһֱӴͨšʮϢҶ۾۾ûüΧ״һŭǴĶУ˾ôͨ·
£һֱ߱ӳҶǰ
ʱҶҲΧĳʱһԲ̨֮ϣͨšܣһεϣһյСռ䡣Զһš
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ʱǰͻȻ㲻һºſʼ𣿡
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ʱɿֲ⾳ͻȻҶڱӿͬʱеĽֱʧСʧһ̣ǰɫ䣬ǿߵưһ׹ڱӿ
䣡
һ𣬰ֱӱĳ׷ɶȥУ߿вžѪͬȪһ㣬Ϊ׳ۣ
ȻҶֻһǣ߲ûֱӱɱ
ǿߣûбѹƵǿߣλ棬ѹƵ߾ҶһͿֱɱϧⲻλ棬ǴķΧ߲ûбѹƣ
һɰ֮Ҷûֱ֣ͣӻһǰߵǰȻν͵ؾһն
նν
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䣡
ǰ߻δعֱ߱ӱһնޣ
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ҲҾ͸
ҶٶȺܿ죬˲ûǵ֮Уһ̣ҶȴֱӴ浹˳ȥһɣ˽ǧɣ
ܿ죬һл˳
ԶͣҶ˫΢
ֻؾǿߣ
û뵽羹ȻֻؾǿԸò˵Ƿǳ
ߴһҶҶɣǺǣ˵һºû뵽һøղʱѶ֪ͨңȻпܷλ档
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Ҷֻսղֻ֮һնν¶ԷţȻǳˡȻھеˡ
ֻؾǿ֮䣬Ĳ̫ˡнɱ⣬иǿĽеֲࡣԷѹƵһƴ֮ǣطԷľ粻ᱻѹƣ
ʱͻȻ˲Ȼʮ߳˻ߵ
ʮλǿߣ
һλֻؾʮλ
Ҷ˵ͷǣȷʵң
ʨӲãҪȨοҶɲһֻã
ߵҶ֮䱾ûʲôޣǣҪΪУȻȻ㲻ãϾţպǳɳҲܲı
ҶɨһۻߵˣǶҵģ
ս󣡡
ʱվ˳һߵҶκڤ飬һĴˮĺܣӵе꽣޼ңǰʵȻ˭Ȳ㣡
ҶЦЦȻˣҪɱң񲻹
ǻЦЦ֪Ҷ϶ʲôƣȻ㲻·ҵƣ
Ҳ֪
սߵܹһһλֻؾǿʮλǿʱܹôƿ϶ǲС
ҶĬһᣬȻ˵ͷϾͻ֪ˣ
£ҶüĽӡͻȻһ̡
䣡
һɿֲĽͻȻҶڱӿֺϢ˲䱩ǣϢ󣬽ƺﵽһٽ㡪
䣡
һҶΧĿռͻȻһ󼤲
Ԫ⣡
ôǿߣֻؾǿߣ벽ԪѾȫˣ
ҶﵽԪɫ΢䣬Уһ˿ءԪ⣬ǶС
ǻȻûأҲһ˿Ԫ⣬ң뽣޼ݺʱҲǹԪѣ
ʱǾҶҪߣҶߣ¶ݱܷâ
ʱҶŻߵȥҶʱ¹


1507 첻ˣ

Ҷ֪Լˣ
Զݣֻԣһֱ֣ӽԼĽ˹Ԫ
Ц
ʱǻͻȻЦҶΪطԼԪҿ⣿ǿЦ
ҶͣҾÿԣ
ԣ
ǷһĨ
˵⣬ɫͻȻһ䣬Сģ˵ţֱһҶ
ΪҶеĽʧˣ
ͣ
죡
£ԵһǿüֱӼһѪǿ˫ԲãȻ֮ɫû뵽Լôˣ
ǿһ̣ҶҲǻǧ֮⣬ûʲô󰭣Ϊ׸˳ǹ׸ǵס˻ߴ󲿷ݵĹ
˿̣ǻߣˣɫޱȵѿ
ҶȻǵǰɱһˣ
رǻߣʱɫҶɱһˣ˵ܴ裡
ʱɫٴδ䣬Сģ˵ţһɿֲڱӿȻͬɽһ㳯ǰѹȥ
ֻؾǿٶȷǳĿ죬˲ǺԶҶϣ׼ȷ˵ҶĹײĸϣû˿⣬Ҷٴε˳ȥ
ȻڻԲԶһǿȴǽ
ղŻ֮ٴγ֣ΪҶѾˣ
Ȼǳˣ
һ˱ҶֱӸɱʣµЩǿɫޱͬʱ̼һȻͷųԼƽԼ
⣡
У
ȻʱѾ߹ҶˣһֱһֻؾʮλǿߣɳݣΪ˾ɱҶҶκεĻᡣ
ǣû뵽ǵ͹Ҷĵ͹
ԶҶĨĨǵѪ̧ͷԶĻߵˣǷһĨЦղ֮ԲɱǻߣΪɱ˶Էֻؾǿ̫ǿֻһ޷ɱԷѾԪУ
ǣҪɱǿȴû⣡
벽Ԫֻһǿ߾˺ܴвڰ벽Ԫ˹Ԫֻһ֪˶ٱ
Ԫֻһ
ûڷϻˡ
ղžΪϻ̫࣬ŸҶɱλҲǿˣҶϲ䲻⡣ˣһӣҪκλᣬһ֣
£ֱ仯צȻֱӳҶλþһץһֻצֱֶӳҶ˹ȥ
ЩǿҲǷ׷׳֣һΣǲڸҶκλᣡ
ԾλǿߵĹҶû˱ܣǳŻߵ˳˹ȥ
˫뱾ͲԶˣҶܿͽӽ˻ߵˣͬģߵ˵ĹҲѾҶǰ
ʱҶеĽٴʧ
ͣ
죡
ʧһ̣һǿԴֱ׷˳ȥҶҲһ˴׳ԶԶ׷˳ȥУҶ˽ھѪˣȫһҲʼ˿˿Ѫϴת˲ֱɱ¾֮ĸգ
ڷɳȥǧźҶͣͣҶ΢һϢС
ʱǻߵѾǰԶϵǣߵ˲ûг֡
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Цǰ񣬼ʹӵնɱǿߵʵվֻǰ㣬ս죬Ҳ꼻һ֣ģҵȲɱ㣬ҵȻὫͨ·ϣλ˿ս³
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ʧһ̣ԲԶһǿԴֱ׷˳ȥ
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ʱҶеĽٴʧ
ͣ
һǿԴ˳ȥ
ת˲䣬ǿ˲䱻ɱ˿˴󺧣ǻҲһӦҲܿ죬һֱӳҶȥǿڼֵ߳һ˲ҲǻعȻ׷׳Ҷ˹ȥ
ʱûʲô׽ҶڣֻŪҶȻкɻҶΪʲôǴ˿̣ûʱȥЩΪҶٴγ
ҶȻ
һҶѾȫָָҲں޸º߰˰ˡ
ѾǰǰĻ࣬ϲʯڵſʩչҵֻһ£Ȼ޷뻪ߵ˿ģǣ飡
飬ȫֲ㣡
УҶ뻪ߵ˺ܿսһšʵӦ˵ҶȫŴԻߵ˵ķ񹥻Ҷֻܱãй׸ڣڼԼкĿ޸ûбߵȸֱɱ
ȻʹҶɱһǿߣ
Ҷûл֮ǣһ֣ǾһҶܴǻϣ߶֣ҪôҪôù׸ӲǣߴֻҪлᣬͻЩǿһ
ûǷǳģʵȳҶģҶͬҶ϶䣬ǣҶǲ򣬶ʵȻҶ࣬ΪҶй׸ڣڼҶҲ޷Ҷɱ
µĻҶ޸˵ôǿΧҲܰҶˡǣҶǲ޸Ѿ޷ˡ
УȻڼս
ӿʼսڣߣѾλǿߣ
һ
ȻˣǣҶܵȴԽԽˡһʼܹǿֵֿսĳϻߵ˵ĹԽԽ޸ٶѾܵٶˡ
ʱҶģЩˣΪǱûĴƿȫѺۣϡЩѺ֮УѪǺܿ춼աȻ޸ǣû޸һѺۣµѺ۾Ѿ֣ߣ޸һ㣬ָֻԭԽԽأ
ʱ򣬺Ѿ˵ٶˡ
ǺѾ֧ˡ
Ҷ챻֧ʱͻȻһͨǰȻ첻ˣ
˵꣬תֱ굽ͨڡ
Уߵʯԭء


1508 ѽһֻ飡
Ҷˣ
ôˣ
ߵʼδû뵽ҶȻῪղŵҶ񰡣Ҫһʮİ
ҶȷʵҲһʮǣû뵽ҶȻŴžֱˣ
תʵ̫Щ
УҶܽͨţһǿ߾Ҫ׷ȴ߸סˡ
俴˶Էһۣȥ𣿡
ߵĻǿ΢΢һ漴亹ûѹƣҶܹһɱһͨţλķΧ类ѹơʱ˵⻪߶Σգ
ȥҲȥ
⻪߶ȥ
һǼɵڤǼɵҶ
Ҷչֳʵʵֲ̫رǽﵽԪ֮ȻҶȻ޷սʤǣȥˣ类ѹƳҶһвɾʹȥˡһ㲻ãܾԶزˣ
ô죿һǿ߳ʡ
ǵţú󣬵ô׷ģģǵҾͲţһ񾳵ϣ첻ɣ
˵꣬ɨһܣǾȣУ¾ͲҪȥ֪ͨǵˡ
ΪΣһǿ߲⡣
㶪𣿡
˵һ䣬Ȼڵأʼָ
ǿ㶣漴˻ߵ˼ڣս󣬼ңһɳʮλǿһλֻؾǿߣȻȴǲûɱҶǱҶɵһˣ
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ǣǵս󣬻ҶΪЦҪ֪ҶŰ񰡣һֻؾʮһɱ
ˣ
ʱһǿ߳ϣղҵȼһκβڣǡ
֮ǰǴ⣡
ϳҶû뵽Ҷܹ⣬ڼԼĴ⣬ɱˡڣѾ֪ʵڼղط˽⣬Լ϶⵽ɡ
ڿ϶⵽ɣһȥֱó󻼣һͻȻ
ԣ˽⶯Ҷطǿ⣬϶Ҫɵģʱ϶ʱʱҲһǿ߾ܹˡ
滹ڤ𣿡ʱǻͻȻ
ڤ
֣˽ɫһ䡣رսڵˣΪڵֻؾǿȥ󣬾Ҳûˣ
гĬ
ǼɵڤǸôȥҶ˵鷳ˡΪڤȥᱻѹƾ磬ˣǲֱȥֻܱҶһҪսǲսȨҶУ
ʱֵλ赣ģҶ֮ԱôǿΪǿԪǹԪĽ⣬ǵвޡλӦҲطʹ֮󣬿϶ʲô۵ģǴܵ𣬵ǣ϶ڶʱٴʹطû˹Ԫ⣬ûϷλҲܹɻɱ
˵⣬˶٣ֵϷҲ˺֣
ԣɫʱ⻪к־ͺã

Ҷֻͨͨصλ棬֮Ҷһֱ˵棬Ȼһû˵£صײһǧɺͣ
ͣҶ˺ڡ
һ֮УҶڵأܵӿڣЩڽںѸٱתɺ޸Ȼк޸ǣҶüͷȴȻˣҲŤ
ⷴɣ
ԪȻʱƵģڣʱ䵽ˡ
ȻҶѾ׼ǣⷴɵһ̣̲סķɱķҪʹĶ࣬Ĳܳܵġ֮ǰܾûʹùӡ⣬½ⷴɣ
ڴʱû취ˡҪô⣬ҪôǺӽͼȻ޷ԷһսǺӽͼգѡʹ࣡
ʱ滯˽顣
޷Ҷʹ࣬ȴܹҶĽάڰ벽ԪҪ֪ǿ⣬ǿܻý׵ġҶ̫ģΪнİ⣬һԭǾĽǳʵһ㶼鸡
ֽ鸡Ľޣʹ⽣ӡ󣬿϶ǻ׵ģ
ڣҶֻʹһЩ
ѽһֻ飡
ʱСͻȻڳ𣬽ţС˽ǰ
鿴һС죬û˵С죬Ȼ֪ŮصĺܣҲǡ
СȴǶԽкܴȤΧŽתһȦϴŽ飬ŨȤǽ飬ǻ罣顣
罣飿ü΢⡣
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СЦһĻ֮ɣȻǻ֮飡˵ţһҶȻֵѹ̬ǽΨǿĽܹɳһĽȻڻеǣԺ϶ǿ
Ĭһ˲ȻбȻ罣ߵĽ𣿡
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СӦúٺ٣ǣҪγʶǳǳѡû뵽һʶĻ罣飬ʶǶôġ
ǹײҲǻ缶ʡȻǵǹײģǹײģģ
С˵ͷǣһûûеԼʶ
΢΢ͷȻ˵ˡ
С쿴һҶһǲȥˣ
˵ͷ

Сһ̾Ȼתһʧ˲Զ
һҶɫָں޸Ҳȫָ
ʱ״̬
Ҷ飬лˣǽİĽпܻġ
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ҶǷһĨЦһΣ׼浽ף
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ʵУҶһ˵棬֮Ҷٶȼӿ죬ֱӳͨ·
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Ҷһ̣ԶĻϵ۾
ҶǻһĨɭɱ⣬Ҷ㡭
ϻ
Ҷ£ֱӻһ⳯Żϵ˱ȥ


1509 ս
Ҷߵ˵ͬʱͷϵĽӡٴѩţĽٴαӡ˹Ԫ
ӡûдƣֻҪܹܵ˷ɣһֱԪƽʱὫԪǷɵζʵǲڳڣԪɱκˡ
УҶĽٴԪߵ˽ɫһ䣬Ȼû뵽ҶطãҶҲã
ʧˣ
ϵ˷ӦҲǼ죬ʣµǿѸٱţȫ˻ϵһΣûϴǰΪζҪӽҶһӽҶǾͺܻܿᱻҶһɱ
Уϳǰ̤һȻֻƳǰ͵ؾһģ
䣡
һɿֲ֮ӿֺǰĿռֱһ󼤲ǻǰҶֱӱ˳ȥ
һ̣ϳǰ̤һһֱҶǰҶӦҲ죬ֱһԭأڽţһ⳯Щǿ߳˹ȥ֮ûֱӳֻһΪЩľ붼еԶ̫Զֻһһɱ
ˣҪЩǿ룡
Ȼʧˣ
ճЩǿ߳ȥЩǿ߱ٴγȥٴͬʱǻٴγǰȻһƳ˹һƣ֮ǰһƸӿֲ
Ƴӷ֮һεӿռ֮͸ȻͬһҶ
ʱҶֻӲ±ŹײĸǵԼǰ
䣡
ǹڹײĸϣҶֱ˴׸׷˳ȥǻϲδ֣ͣϣٶȼ죬ֱӳҶǰȻٴһĳ
䣡
ռһ·ܲסһƵһ㣬ǱеҶٴε˳ȥһΣҶھѪ˫ָǹѿܿ죬ں޸£ֱǻָԭ״
ǻȴͬƹ֮ٴҶǰһΣҶûǰνһն
ȻǲκεĻᣬһֱȴľǶԷĹ
ӵնν
ϰ벽ԪɱԪնν
ΪйԪļӳ֣εնνκһζҪǿռͬһҲǻҲһֱǧ֮⣡
ǧ⣬Ͽ˿Լǰǰеۣ֮Ѽ׹ǣ
˫΢У֮ɫ
ʵ֤ҶĽȷʵǿвֻղźܾܿѾɱˣ
ϿҶò˵ţϧţעҪ䣡
£ϳǰ̤һҪ֣ʱҶеĽͻȻʧˡ
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Ƴһ˲˫۶ȻԲСģ
£һڳһĿ겻ǻϣǲԶһǿߣ
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ȻǵעҶ뻪ϵĽϣˣǲûгȥҶ롣
һǿڼǵĿʱɫʱҰףûüӦǵֱӴһ
ͣ
һԴһѪֱ׷˳ȥ
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Ȼй׸ǵţǣֻؾǿʵ̫ǿеԲˡҲвȻ׸ǶȲ
Ҷóһ£壬ʱڱܿ죬Ժ˳ɢ֫ٺ޸Ѿ鲼˺۵塣
ԶĿҶǰǿ׸ϣҶܹ֮ԿҪԭΪ׸ǡ׸ǵס󲿷ݵ˺û׸ǣҶһ磬޸ٶڿ죬޷⣡
ǵ͵ľ粻㣬װ
һ飬ָҲ߰˰˺Ҷ̧ͷǻϣû˿ķϻֱӻһ⳯Żϳ˹ȥ
һΣǿֱӳ˿ҲǿˣҶȻڶԻϳ֣ǣҶĿ϶ǡǣʱӲҶһһԵЩˣ
ǿߣɱһ񣬾ң
ȻǳĶˣǣûκεİ취
ʱҶֻؾµߣһһ
ԶҶǻϼսһһΣҲѧˡˣҲԱǱˡ
УҶ뻪ϼսԽԽľȻҶѹŴ򣬵ǣҶǰ񰡣
ֻؾѹŴ󣬶ôٰ´ȥ˵Ҷض磡ʵҶڴѾСˡΪһսԵʣҪĻ壡
СħŮȥɱҶڴ磬ֵĿез
Ҷսֻؾǿߵڴȥ˵Ҷֿ϶˲䴫磡
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رǵսˣΪսûдֻؾǿģҲһֻؾǿ˵ЩˣʮλκβҶκβã˵ҪҶȫ
ǿߣҶѾûʲôв
ҪɱҶֻؾֻؾǿ֣
һ̣Щˡ֮ǰΪӶû
䣡
ʱԶҶͻȻ˳ȥǻҲǱһ˽ǧɡ˸һֿһ̱ٴγű˴˱ȥ
Ҷûʩչֻһӵնνֻаķݣֻʩչӵնνֻһʱܹ˻ϡ
࣡
Ҷܹ뻪϶Կʵ֮仹зǳĲֻ࣬ʱװ뽣ӡֲˣ
һӺҶʩչһֻһٴǻϷ˿ֳͣҶȥ
һΣҶûڳϳȥǵ쵽Ϊֹ
£תһֱӽ֮ͨС
Զǻ϶ʱʯԭء


1510 ˣ
Ҷˣ
ɫΪѿһͬû뵽ҶܣΪҶղŸսʱȫһݵļƣȻһ̣Ҷȴǻһתˣ
ɫͳˮʱѾҶͼˡ
ģ
Ҷڴģ
ҶٶȻָƣǲУղҶļսҲһЩˣˣ˵ָָܹģҪʱܹԼص۷״̬Ҫ֪ҶֻһǼӳ˹Ԫģ
ҪղҲּ࣬ΧȻתԼọ̫̃ˣ
ҪǣҶʱһʱʱ͵ǿߵͷ
ȥ϶ֻʣ
ҶһֱôȥпܱҶĥ
˴˿̣ѾףҪȱ
ϿԱսڵˣ֪ͨŰɡ
ʧǿ̫࣬ڽˡּǿڴʧǻᶯҡҸġֻؾ͸ҽˣңǵڣսֻؾǿһĸ
ʧһһ˵һԳܵ顣
ңڴҲûежһֻֻؾǿߣһζֻʣһֻؾʱҵĵжͻȻ֣ǼֱӸҵģ
ˣڰϣս۸ϡΪս۸ĻҶɱˣ
ϵĻս۸ǿߵ˵ͷʱҲѾʶԡ
ʱֵɱǿ߾ͱˣҲ
ϵĻǿɫЩѿˡȴ޷ΪǿҶǰȷʵ֮ûУ
λ档
Ҷӻλٴ굽˵صףȻ˺ڡ֮ǰһ޸壡
ӣ
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Ц˼ô˴һȻҪþյġ绪һھڴġ
·һ촳ȥǾʹ죬첻УǾ꣡
촳ֱȥΪֹ
Ҷ뿪˺ȻصʵУ죬ʵУҲʱѡ
ʱѪ
û˿ԥҶһٴνͨš
硣
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ָѾˣ
Ҷû˿ķϻͷϵĽӡţڽӡĴ߶£Ľֱ˹Ԫһ̣Ҷֱӻһ⳯ǻϵ˳˹ȥ
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Ը⻪ϣҶһնνҶնνرǼӳ˹ԪնνǻҲǲҴ⣬ΪԪѾܹвȻֻвնνɱġ
ֻƣӿУһ̣ұߣƾճһֻɵֳֺֻ֣󣬻ֶǰ͵ؾһġƳֱֻӳǰҶ˹ȥ
֮ռֱӾƺˣ
䣡
һҶǵֱӺȻѣҲھһֱӱ鿪ʱһ
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һԱߵļǿɫ䣬׷ٴȥһǵвʵ̫̫ˣرǽʱڽʱһֱӾͿɱǣˣֻѡ˱ܣ
ǻڼһʱҲǶһ˿أһʵеǿҲֻеǿҪɱǿȴСҲС
˫΢΢һһ̣˫͵سǰһġ
䣡
ǰĿռһһɿֲʱҶһϯȥ
˵Ŀ֮УҶһֱǹһ
䣡
һӴ͵ը˿ţһǿ˶ʱܽ俪ǿֱӽҶǻ߸سˡǻʱͣҶ˽ǧɣ⻹й׸ǵֵ£
Ҷͣһ̣еĽٴʧУڽʧһ̣ԶĻɫһ䣬ȻֱӳԼǰƣ
䣡
һըڳͬը죬ܿ죬лָƽʱǻֳɣ
ʱڻϣжദˣɫҲ΢΢ס
ȻڳҶնνֻһҲǺܺܡȻҶҡȻйײĸǵţǣҶѾѪ֮ѪΪڶѾѣ
ֻܹؾǿ߿⣬ĺܣʵÿһγǻϵĹʱǳĲܣԷ̫ǿ̫ǿˣǿײĸǶ޷ȫ񵲣ײĸ޷ֵǲʱеܲס
ûйײĸǣԽӲ˶ԷһУ
ԶǻϿ˿ԼϵĽˣȻֿҶһ̣Щڣڵ޵ȥλҶˡҶ츳ʵֲ̫Щļ¡ˣҪôǣҪôǺ󣬾ͱŪ
ȻɳȥǶ˵һѣ
޵УΪһ֮˽ҶַӣֱӽƵһѵĵز𣿽ʧ˺üǿߣҶţܻࡣұҶ𶼲Ժڴ㣿
֮ǰÿ϶Ҫ𣬲ҵ˶˼޵пǣҵܱ˴򡣵ڡ
ĬãϿҶҶȥ֮飬һʹΣ
ԥһ£Ǿˡ֮ǰǲ˽Ҷʵãһֻؾǿ߼ʮǿߣԿԾɱҶڡʵ֤ˡҶսȥ󣬼ʹɱҶܻʲôأ
ʲôܻãʲôòܼʧǿߣҶܱҶϲУ
֮ǰȷҶʵ츳ǱʱҵҪڣڵ֪ҶʵǱʲôģѾҪˡ
ϵĻеЩǿ߶ʱɫһ䣬û뵽⻪ϾȻͻȻҪȥͣ
һҪ˵ȴǰ˰֣˵ˡҵ飬ֲ˵ţҶֻҪͷϷھȥұ֤պҲκ鷳
УҶҲû뵽⻪ϻͻȻղԷƴһڶԷȻ˵ˣҪԺͣ仯еˡ˵ҲǺ¡£˵ͷԣ
Ӧ߿϶᲻ϧһдҪŪȻ£ûҪ뻪һңͬûʲôô
ҶĻǻ˫ֶʱ˿˫֣ҲһΪζҶ֮֮ǰĶԹڽˡ
ĿһҶȻתһֱʧԭء
ߺҶͻȻĬһᣬͻȻ뵽ʲôԶߣˣǾȻûܡ
ˣ


1511 ߣ
ҶĻǿ㶣漴ɫҰΪʱͻȻһ飬ǾǻѾˡ
ߵĺͻȻû֪ͨһǾˡ
Ȼⲻص㣬صǻˣΨһֵܹҶĻˡ
˻عתԶǵȥȻʱҶеĽȴٴʧˡ
ʧһ̣ǧ⣬һǿֱӽӲţһѪͬȪһؿ缤
ת˲һһ彩Ӳ˿С
ǣȴǽǵ֮С
ԶҶҡҡͷһ˿ϧЩǿȻסֻһǣԷҪӵĻû취Է˶ġ
ܹҲã
һΣһЩûиͷΪҪƿܣ
ǿߵĿܣ
ҶһӣֱӽʬȻҪǵţȻҲǴ磬ǣϸ˵Ľ磬ֻͨǵţʱĽ˴硣طֻ˵λһмվ
ҶҪǵʱҶͻȻɫһ䣬ҪˣȻǳˡ
һɿֲͻȻǵк˹Ҷʶľù׸ǵȥ
䣡
һҶ˴׸ֱӱһǧ⣡
ʱһֳһɫȵĺл˳
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ĿҶϣȻһ񾳵ͣҵˣԽԽȥ
ԶҶĨĨǵѪ̧ͷߣֻߵʵ֮ǰҵֻؾǿ߻ҪǿһЩ
߻ҶҶս㱾޶ԹϧҪڤѪŮ顣ڤ飬ˮ޷󣬲κϽһ⡣
£еǸֱӵ
䣡
ԶҶٴ˴׷˳ȥϸĻ֣ᷢһΣǹ׸ǲҶ䡣
̫ǿˣ
ǧɺҶֱͣͣھѪҶͷԼ֣ʱֹסĲڲѾʧȥ֪
ǿ
Ҷ̧ͷߣʱò˵ʵЩȣѹҵĻϹֻѡϢˣȷʵǳɳ˵ңʮҲס㡣ϧעɳˣ
£еĹȶҶվһ㡣
䣡
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죡
һҶ˴׸ǱسˣΪ˵ٶȹ죬õҶ֮ĿռЩŤ
ڷɳǧɺҶͣ
˿̣Ѿ֣ȫоЩʧȥ֪ˣ
׸ǲ
ʱֵӦҲﵽ˲𾳣ǹ̥ûдﵽѾﵽ𾳣㡣Ϸ޸ʲôܹ˿޸أ棬ܺ棡
˵ţǰ̤һȻֳǰһ̽ôһ̽ҶͷĿռͻȻһţһֱֻ˳ȻҶݺȥ
ҶȻԴУںֵ߳һ̣еĽʧˣ
У
ȻĿ겢ֻ֣Զĺߡ
䣡
죡
ͬʱһҶĹ׸ûκķ˳ȥһΣǺҲǳ˽ɣ
һĻԶҶжʱһɣȻȸղҵֻؾǿҪǿǣԷ޵УֻһһԸԷв
ֻҪ޵оͺã
Ҷóһö£壬ʱڱţ˿˿С˳ȫɢ֫ٺں޸£˵ǿʼѸ޸ţ
Զ߿˿Լǰʱǰۣϸ֮£ͻᷢİ׹ǡղ֮ӲҶһΪû뵽ҶղŲȥԼһǶ֣
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˵ţֳǰ̽Ҫ֣ȻʱҶȴȳֻ֣Ҷһ˺ǰǧ⣬ͬʱеĽֱʧʧһ̣һڳһ
죬쵽£˵쵽ҶԼ߿Կüȴ޷Ҷ֮ľҪԶһĻǿֱӶ㿪ϧǣǾ̫ˣֻӲ
߷ӦҲǼ죬Ҷʧһֱ̣ӳ֡
䣡
һը𣬺ֱӱ֮⣬ͣһڳһ
䣡
ٴαɣ
ͣҶȴʧˡ
㶣ȻԶͨţ뵽ʲôɫޱȵѿ˵Ҷӻλȥˡһ̣һͨŵȥҪͨʱȴͣ
У߿ͨãգûѡȥ
رɵҶţԼñѹƵҶҲκβǣλ棬ɲҶڤ
ѪŮʵȻ˽ģ˵ȥᱻѹƣʵ󽵣㲻ѹƣҲԲѪŮĶ֣
£
Уԥ£Ȼڵأʼ޸塣ղӲҶҲ˵ģңҲ࣬ڣҲҪԼָΪ֪Ҷ϶
Ȼȴǵ͹Ҷٶȡ
ʱҶ֮ͨ˳
ҶɫʱЩѿΪʱҶһ¶ûУҪ֪֮ǰҶʱ˵İڣ˾ȻѾȫָ
Ҷû˿ϻеĽֱʧС
죡
Ӳһֱӱ֮⣬ȻͣһѾǰٴαɣ֮ǰһҶͣһѾǰ
죡
ٴαɣһΣûˣǣҶҲûˡ
Ҷȥˣ
ܣ
ҶҲǿˣԷսΪܲԶԷвľֻһֻһֻʩչȻˣǾ͸һЩҾߡ
УҶʧɫޱȵѿ
ʱҶִͨ˳
ߣ


1512 
֮ǰһҶֱӾʩչֻһʩֱ֮ת֮ͨС
ͷҲᣡ
УǺɫĿ£
һ˲ͻȻһŭȻ͵һĳ
䣡
ǧڿռʱͬڵˮһ

ʱĺޱȵı
һ˵ûʲôҪо裬һֻؾǿ߾Ȼһ񾳵Ϸˣ
ҶϷˣ
ҪǴȥ˵Ժֻؾǿ֮п϶ûˣ
ü߶ֱӳȥѰҶǣһ뵽ڤǴͷһȥ类ѹƣڤˣʮġҶ֮ôܾƭȥ
ǣȥ㲻ҶĥҲпҪ
վֻؾǿߣܿԼ侲
ͨãǷһĨЦȻתԭء

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Ҳ˵ÿһ⣬ϴΡ
֮Բʹ飬Ϊֶ̫ûŹؼʱá
ڣԣָٶȡ
һʱҶصʵȻٴλһ𣬺ܿ죬Ҷ˴硣
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ҶûκεķϻֱӶ֣еĽʧһ̣Զĺֱӱ֮⣬Ҷû֣ͣٴγܿ죬߱һǧ֮⡣ʱѾȫʩչ꣡
һʩչҶתҪȻתһ̣ʱѿΪ֪ʱͨŵλôһߡ
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ߣҶ֪ﲻˣ
ܰôˣʱߵͻȻ֮ǰʱջǾڽа֣ȻЩˣϾֻؾҶֻǰ񡣵ǣû취Ҷ̫ˣȥܿıҶĥ
ҶתͷߣȻ˵ҪҪһֻؾǿһ񾳣ȻҪа֣أأ
ҶĻɫѿ˼㣬ʱҶֵ˵ģֻؾǿߵ㶪ˡ
ɫѿˡ
ʱҶǻͻȻǲҲ֣Σ
ߵĻǺߵҶҵұ֤Բó֣㡭
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Ҷʼ磬Щ͹ԷˡԷѹƾǾаջɱԷģϧ˼Ҳɵϵ
ʱͻȻһ֣ᣡ
˵ţһҶȥ
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ʱɨһԶߣȻҶҾ֪ҳ϶ûк¡
ҶڨЦЦȻһȻǲ鷳˼ҵģû취Щһﾳ粻߳࣬ҪԶ٣ֻܽæˡ
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Ҷ˵ͷʵΣ
ָ˰˳ɣ
ҶһϲԴĹ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷֻסһսʤûʮİգ
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ٴһۣһ̣һֱҶ˹ȥ
ǽҶ˴磬սڽΪЦΪҵֻؾǿ߻ȥ֮󣬴Ѿ֪Ҷڴͨ·ˡҲ֪սҶ֮г𣬲һصɳǿΧɱҶ
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ˣɳ
߹ϳ֡
ҶȻǲʾ߳˹ȥ
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ҶһѾȫָǣһֻؾǿӲЩͱöˣȻҲǱ߸ѹţǣʵ߲ûиʲôʵԵ˺
ͬģҲûܸʲôʵԵ˺
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Сӣˣⲻķ񰡣
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Сӣ
ͻȻҶһֱ̣ӻһڹû֮ͨС
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1513 ı
ҶٶҲ֮ҲѸٽ֮ͨУһһʧ˺ߵС
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ɫޱȵѿ
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ߵĻĵĺճֵĻ߽ǿĬһ˲ҡҡͷڤ
ڤ
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ǣڤɾͲһڤǵвǿǲԺ󣬶ڡ˵ڤеĵ£һѪŮԺǵĸˣ
˵Ϊ˼ڤȥŪҶˡ
ǣǾҶ߾ߣ߳
˵ͷȥȷʵǰ취Ȼҵĳ֣ʱ֮ڲǣܲһֱط£Ҫ֮Ȼǻᱻס
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ʱֵɱֻؾ飬ȻûУǣɱֻؾ飬Ӧٰɣ
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ң뽣޼߾ʱֻؾǿǰ˱ᣡ
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Ҷӵλ֮ǰһҶ굽˵صףȻ˺ڿʼ޸塣Ҷһ㣬ǾĽⷴɣʹǰࡣǰⷴɣʹ
ڣȻҲʹ࣬ûʹĸоˡ
ҵԭǾϰˡⷴɣѾϰʹˡҶ˵Ǻ¡
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Ҷ˶Էһۣ˵ԱȻһҲˣʲô涼
Ҷʵʲô
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ʲôҶæʡ
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Ĳ㣡
ҶҲȥǣ뿪ͿġÿһĿʵﵽһκԶǣ֪Ҫﵽʲô̶ȲܹĲ㡣Ȼܶʱ򶼻ȴȽƵĵط
ʱͻȻСӣǸ磬ȥɣ
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ҡҡͷ뷨Ǻãǣ˼һһֱôȥ𣿶Ϲˣ̿϶еġԣԷҪôЭȥҪô취ɱ㣬κλᡣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻףЩ˶ɵ뷨˼ҿ϶Ѿ֪ȻҲֻؾǿ߳ˡڣĳ֣ܻôЩɳֻؾǿߣ
Сӣҵ뷨߾ȥʱЩϼһӦþסˡ
Ҷҡҡͷǲһﵽߵģڲȥʱսܾͻλ档Ȼڼɵڤǣұ֤һҪͻƵߣǿ϶᲻ϧһдҪŪң
Ҳǣ˵ͷҶ츳̫ǿﵽߣʱʵõһɱ䣬ʱڼǺӽͼֻؾǿ߶ÿվ
ҶֵңҪͻƵߣʱ϶û취ģҵȲôˣ
϶Сײץȥǲȥģǣ϶Сδʵǲȥ
濴һҶ˵ʱҶͻȻһΣԼȥ
ʱһ㶣Լȥû
Ҷ˵ͷȻûУһΣԼȥ
Ҫʲô治⡣
ҶЦЦҳʲôҡ
Ҷ£һֱӻһ
·üͷһﵽҪʲô

磬Ҷٴδͨ˳һΣǰԶߣ
ֻؾǿߣ
ĿǴ߳ҶҶֻؾǿɱ㣬ҲˡһΣһжˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻȷʵǸýˣ
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Ԫ⣿
ҡҡͷˡ
ҶһһͼǰԪⲻڼأ


1514 Ҷʱ
Ǻӽͼ
Ҷ֮ԲΪ׼ˡҲû취Ϊ治ڸˡȻֻؾǿ
ֻؾ
Ǻӽͼʵûˡ
Ҷ棬ĵ˿Ҷǰͼʱüͷһ壬ΪǲʶǺӽͼǺܿ죬Ǿʶˡ
УҶûκηϻһӣǺӽͼһһ貵ǹ⣬ת˲гóһƬգ
Ǻӽͼ
Զĵ˾ĿҶ
Ǻӽͼ
޼ܹ֮ڴǿǺӽͼǹûĽ޼һʩչǸӵֻ߰ؾǿߵĴֱѡЭ˸һս
һսǺӽͼ磡
ʵҲ֪ҶӵǺӽͼǣҲǺ£ΪֻؾҶֻǰҶ𵱳Ľ޼һףֻһף֮ǲ࣬رģرǶҶ뽣޼ţ
ˣǾãҶǺӽͼҲ޷Ǻӽͼе޼ʩչʱ
ȻȴǺһ㡣
ҶĽǹԪĽ޼Ľ⣬ǰ벽ԪҶĽ⣬ֲĲ㣡
Ĭһ˲ͻȻɱ£͵رһɿֲƣͬӾ̰㳯Ҷλñӿȥ
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һ̣ǺǲܵģӦ˵ǲӣӣҪζҪǺӽͼǺӽͼûģȻӣǾΨɱҶֻۣҪɱҶǺӽͼȻ߽⣡
УҶһӣеĽֱӷɵԶ룬ţңԶǿյǳ˲ܿ죬Щǿ֮мֱӴռ䣬Ҷ˵λ
һΣЩҶһʩչǺӽͼʱĽǿ˲֪ٱԭ⣬һԭǾǴʱĽǹԪ
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УǳͬЩ̺֮Ŀֲõĵɫ˲Ұ
ǰֻǺӽͼ֪ǺӽͼĿֲǣǺӽͼʱǲŷ֣ǺӽͼҪǿ֪٣
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ңʡ
Ҷ˵ͷλ档
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΢΢ͷ뷨ԣȻˣҾͲڶ˵ʲôˡԼһСİɣҪ޸Լȥǡ
ҶҡҡͷûǸʱˡ飬⼸ӦöѾ֪ˡԣұ뿪˵⣬棬λ飬Ͱˡ˵꣬ҶͣһֱӽȥԶǵš
濴ǵãȻҡҡͷǸӡʵҶôãҶǷǳ͵ġҶһɾرͣǾǺݾҶԱ˺ݣǣܶʱԼݡ
ҪǣҶ飬ܿɹġȻϲϢǣϲֶˡ
ԭسĬһᣬתͨš
ʧúͻȻ˳С
һɨһܣȻˡ
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ãһȻǻϹ֣Ժ󣬿ܾҶʱˡ
˵꣬ҡҡͷȻʧԭء
ʣµ߳ĬһᣬȻȷʵ
£Ҳʧԭء
ڹؼʱͻȻ֣ȻӶˣǣȴ⵽ҶӵıսҶֻؾǿߣҶ𣬿պҶһǻᱨսġ
ڣҶȻֻǰ񣬵ǣǵڻս󶼲ֻǰ

ҶѾ·飬ͬһλѸٴ˿޼ң֮λֶһ˵
˵ȻҶ
һ̣ҶɳΪλ˵żرЩѧĽޡҶϴλ棬ǸӣӽԺλ棬˭ƲޣӦ˵ӽԺ󣬿ܻԽԽȥѧ
ޣǿѣһǿ춯أ
ңӣ޼ڵҶõӡҲȷʵˣڽλ棬һɽ޳˽޵ĵ·
硣
ڲ֪һɽڣһ⻬ľʯϣһСŮھʯ֮ϣСŮֻʮ꣬ǻȴ͸һɳʡСŮǰһ
ʱСŮǰĿռͻȻ˲ţһд˳
ãСŮ۾Ȼ̧ͷʣͨ·أԺҲҪ·
£һɽڱӿ
⣡


1515 Ѫ
硣
֮ǰڴǵ֮ҶоԼԴһΪ͵ԵʣһԭǾĽڿʼˡ
Ҫ
ʱɣȷʵҪġ
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ҶľǼֵ֣ȥȻʹޱȣǻãҶһֱԼʶѡ
ʱȻǲԼԵģ
ܿ죬Ҷоͣ
Ҷ۾۴ͷϣƣ·һ޼ʵĴ󺣡
磡
ʱ˿̣˴硣
ԣ
ҶһоλҪԣ̫̫࣬ȴڵ硣ȻȻΪԵʡôںڣܲԣ
Ҷûԭͣһʧԭء
ȻѾ˴磬ⲢͰȫˡս϶ǲưոݵģԷڵ֪Ѿ󣬿϶ǿʱڷɣϸղʩչǺӽͼʱԷֻؾǿҵǿֱܾӽˣ
ҶڸѰһСȷСûΣպǱС֮ϣȻһȫĵط
޸壡
ֻһˣҪԼʱ۷״̬ΪڲսǵڣԷɱͿ϶ֻؾǿߡڣ޷ٴʩչǺӽͼʩչǺӽͼɱֻؾǿߵġ
ʱҶѾ׻ָָʼƿܣǿߵĿܣİеġ
һܣһֱϣ
ܣҶǵһڼһЩ⣬ãˡƿֶܵΣѾ˵Źˡ
ƺúҶ뿪С
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ǣ޹ң
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磬Ҷһ㶼Ϥ֮ҵ˵ĵطȻ˽һ´硣
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ʱҶڷɳƬһ޼ʵĴ󺣣Ȼ½أڷ˽һʱڿһǡ
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ҶɨһܣʶɨܣͻȻԶһ̣һɢԭء
ܿ죬Ҷһ䷿ǰһӣݵű򿪣ű򿪺ҶСһһŮꡣ
Ů΢һ㣬ʱŮСкǰУһѶСذףҶȻûоµɫذ׵ȴšСкСŮ·Ǿ֮ɫ
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СΨһҴˣ
ҶһССӴǸͻȻҶĿСŮǰһϣʱСŮɫپһ䣬ţв֪ʲôͻȻһ貵⣬ٶȼ죬ҶδعǺϡ
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ҶһСŮСкȻתȥ
ҶתȥСŮ΢΢һһ̣ͻȻСк׷˳ȥȻҶǰֱӹҶǰȾȵܵܣ˵ţæСк¡
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СŮĻҶһСŮĻ˼Ϊ˵ǾȾȵܵܣǾȾǣ
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СŮһҶȻҽѩܵܽԶ֮һؼңǡ
ܿ죬Ҷˡ
øǵĶ飬ţǱȽϱ磬Ϊ֪ʲôԭһɱǣУ֮⣬ûκ˻šܹ֮ţǿѩϹŵǸ
ΪıòŶһ١
ǣøûʲôʵˣҲҳȥ
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ʱѩֵؼҲᱨģ
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ҶĻѩʱһϲæСкҶԡҶЦЦȻס˵־ҪȥʱͻȻ⣬ٶȼ죬ܿ죬ֱҶ˲Զ
ɢȥӳҶС
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˿һҶˣһɨһԶǣȻΪ׵ӣˣ
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Ѫ
Ҷüͷλ֣ϴˡҲǸʲôѪҾ·СΪ֤
ѩæ˵ͷ֤ܵܿЩĲǴɱġ
ĿҶϣŵѪζһ˿ɱ⣬û´ɱӦôﵽ˰벽Ԫĵز˵ţĿҶеĽϣֵ磬һУýģɱִﵽ벽ԪģѪ˭
Ҷ
ʱһӣץظȥ
£ߵ˾Ҫ֣ʱҶͻȻУǲǸʲôս󰡣
ӵȻΪĸ󣿡

ҶҡҡͷȻôɵ顣
˵⣬еĽͻȻʧڽʧһ̣ԶǺɫȻ䣬ʶ˫͵سǰһĳ
䣡
˵Ŀ֮УǺֱӱ˳ȥʱһڳһ
ͣ
ǺӵԴֱ׷˳ȥ
ɱһǿߣ
Ѿľ
ǿ߾ôɱˣ
ʱҶͻȻʣµ߾ǿߣȥս󣬾˵ԺѪսұǣݣ
ˣ


1516 ֻؾǿߣɱ
Ѫ֪˭ҲùܶԷ˭ȻԷ˹ȻҲҪԷһС
ȻᱨԼҪǱδܵ޾׷ɱܴܲ򲻹ˣȻλܰɡܣҲһܹܵõ
ڣǲеģ
УҶĻ㶣û뵽ҶȻҪߣղѾ׼ƴһսġȻ˵һ£û˿ԥתҪߡ
ʱһɿֲ⾳ͻȻѹǵϣ
벽Ԫɱ⣡
ɫ䣬æӿٶȣ˸ʧ˲Զ
ߵıӰҶǷһĨЦݣȻұߵѩָ·Ҵǻؼң
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ͻȻŭȻֱץҶʱҶеĽͻȻʧС
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˵Ŀ֮Уֱӱ˳ȥں߷ɳȥһ̣һٴڳһţ˶סˡ
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1517 Ҷþˡ
ֻؾǿߣɱ
仰˽סת˲ǷһĨһɱֻؾǿߣ

ȻֻؾɫȴǽҶãȻ֪˭ˡ
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սڵ۸ֻؾǿ䣬ڴһСĵ𡣲˶ôҶɱϾҶֻǰ񣬵ǣʣҶǿǳǿΪֻؾǿȥɱûɱƾһ㣬־ˡ
Ҫ֪Ҷֻǰ
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Уؼҵ˶ֻؾߣǲ⡣

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Ҷ룬ҪܾʱֻؾֵСѣؼȻ粻ս󣬵ǣЩʵġСѳ϶طҪСѲؼֻһСĻؼԸΪСṩ
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ѩԶ߽޵·ӣƽɾ޼֮ˡƽΪοԺڽϣ̫̫·
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˵꣬һʧԭءҶݣȻǲܱ¶ģΪй¶ȥҶ϶鷳ؼй¶ȥģؼ鷳ܾеˡԣûиطҶݡ
Уط˫ֻǺܿ죬ֽȥΣҡҡͷȻʧԭء
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ΪطǾ䣺ؼңǲ
һʱҶǣҶմӴ߳һ̣ʱһͻȻڳ𣺡Ҷþˡ


1518 ҿЦģ
УǾ仰Ҷֶʱ
ҶԴȥֻԶǽϣбһӡӲʮ꣬һϮۣϴ޵Ц⣬һֵɵĸо
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ǺӼҶһʶľǹ͵ȻǹҪҶеĽʱҶ΢΢һתԱһƫֱӴ˺ǹ⴦·

һǺеĳǹֱ˳ȥȻҶ˳һǰֱָ̣ӵǰ
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ҪҪһװ磿ݣ
Ҷг뷨Ǻܿ챻ԼˡΪһΣԷҲҪȥҶԷġңҲôˡҪ֪ˣôΣ
Ҷɨһۺӵɽ䣬УӰ˵ĶͦģǣûһϵģǱǹȻܲǱײĸ뽣棬ɾͲʮǧãнʮɾʯ
ʱɾʯ˵ŮǣԣɾʯͦҪġ
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һʱҶǣǰʱͻȻͣɨһܣɫ
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£ƾճҶܡ
ȫǿߣ


1519 ΪҶ
Ѫ
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Էûϳݣ
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ҶҪ뿪㶣ʶҪסҶǲ֪ʲôԭţȴû˵
ʱϰͻȻ𣿡
ʱҶͻȻתϰԣתһ̣˫˲һƬѪ۾ȫѪɫ
ҶϰȥÿһϾͻһѪӡ˫Ѫһ˲˲Ķϰԣղ˵ʲôûҪ˵һ飿


1520 Ƕûˣ
ﻹϰԣ˿̶Ѿס
ɱ⣡
벽Ԫɱ⣡
ϰɫɫЩ֪Լһߵˡܹ벽ԪɱˣԲܹԿġ
ҶϰæңʲôҲû˵ģʲôҲû˵
ȻЩˣǣٱȶã
Ҷͣ½ŲɲǼ䣬ЩѪɱʱȫڡһϰԣȻתͷɽ仹Ҫ𣿡
ɫ΢䣬ʶĳȻ۲ʶˣ֮ǰ£º
Ҷһԣô
ҶĻһԵϰɫЩѿȻ֪Ҷ˵˵ʲôתһʧ˲Զ
ҶҲûȥɱԷֻɫ˷
ҶĿϣ£ȥ򣬵ǣϤа취𣿡
￴һҶȻҡҡͷûȥ򣬲һط˿϶ĵͼҪһĴ۲ܹá
Ҷʡ
ԥ£ȻҴȥ
Ҷ˵ͷл
΢΢ͷȻתȥҶȥֵһ˵ǣ֮ǰЩ޼ɵʶѾȫ˻ȥˣΧһЩĿҲ˻ȥʹ˻ڿĿ֮Ҳûе⣬Ǻ档
ʵ
֮ǰ֮չɱ⣬Ŀľ£Ҳ£չɱ⣬һЩԭȻ
Ҷ֣λʵҲû̫ΨһȷʵλܹȵġȻһ㣬ǾǿҲλ࣬Ȼû繷ߣȴҲʵ٣
ܿ죬£һҾƹݣƹСƹݡƹݺܴ󣬷ǳĴռνʮ֮һ
˵Ǿƹݣʵһ׳
棬ĳɫᣬֻҪ뵽ģﶼС߶Ĺһֻġߣϲ֣ԣڴ½ϣֳ١
ȥɣǰͻȻ
㲻ȥҶʡ
ҡҡͷһΣҪһɾʯ
һξҪһɾʯҶ㵵ⲻ𣿡
ɫ΢䣬ɱ˵СĻӿڳ
ôҶ⡣
ԥ£ȻСƹݿɲʲô򵥵ǿرǾƹݵˣʵǿ󣬻رأ֮ǽһЩĺã
СƹǼҶʡ
ҡҡͷ֪ΪûûչֳʵСƹǰųνǵģǷչٶȴǿˣ̶̲һʱ䣬ͳΪνһطҲ˲ǵĵط
Ҷ˵ͷȻҽȥɡ
˵ָ꣬һһöɽſڵһУӹɽ䣬Ȼ΢΢һһơ
ҶһֱӽС
￴һҶȻҲС
źҶǰһ̨ڴ̨ϣСʹÿһСʹǰдŴ͵ĵطʲô硱ʲô־ӡʲôᡱܶ࣬ʮ
Ҷǵȥ¸󡯡
Ҷ˵ͷȻͨ¸ĴСһϢҶһ¥֮У¥Ҳе߲㣬Ҳеࡣ
רŸṩ鱨ϢģҪշѣңյĲ͡
˭Ҷ
ָָԶһ䷿䣬Ȼˡ
Ҷɨһַۣ֣䳡оȻϰٸ
׬Ǯ
Ҷһͷ
ǮⶫʱܿأʱҲǺ⣬صʱΪҪʱ򡣶ԼԼ˵þͺáǣܷ񶨵ǣǮﵽһ̶ȺǷǳֲġ
ֵȵȣǿǮ򵽵ģڣûɾʯôû취õĵͼ
ܿ죬Ƿһ˳ʱȥɣ
Ҷ˵ͷһ˷֮С
ֻһʮŮӣò㣬ϴ͵ЦݡҶʱŮ΢΢һһĨ죬ܿͻָ
ʹҪʲôŮʡ
Ҷɨһܣܲûǣ¥ڣȴż޵ϢȻǿߣ
Ҷջ˼ǰŮӣҪһĵͼ
ĵͼ
ŮӿһҶȻĵͼҪʮöɾʯ
ʮöɾʯ
Ҷ齩סû뵽һݵͼȻҪʮɾʯⲻǮ𣿲Ҳû취ⱾԸ飬Ͼ˼Ҳûǿб򡣺֮ǰɱǿʱɻ˲һٶɾʯԣʮɾʯõĳġ
ҶָһһöɽɵŮӵǰŮӽӹɽɨһۣȻҶ΢΢һЦԵȣ
˵ţóһö飬ϢŮǰĿռ΢΢һţһͲŮӵǰŮָһͲɵҶǰ
ҶùͲ򿪣Ͳֱӻһ׹ûü䣬ţһϢӿУܿ죬Ҷҵڵء
ʱŮӵܴݵͼֻһ֣ʮ֮һҪǰ壬һ㣬ͼ֮ûеĵط϶ǼΪյĵط̤롣Ϊͼֻؾǿ棬ͼûеĵطλֻؾǿ߶ûҽ롣
ҶŮӣȻЦлѣ˵ţԥ£Ȼʣǲʲôܲ鵽
Ů΢΢һЦ˵ЦˣƬ棬֮Сƹ˵¾֪Ϳ˵һԼ֪飬һ飬Сƹݻ֪ġ
ҶЦЦҲǣ˵Ƕ֪֪飬ϸһЩȻѾΪ֣ȻҪ˽һ塣
壡
ŮЦݽʧһȻŵУڼǮ棬е󣬶ң飬֪Ҳرϸ
ǮҶʡ
ŮӿһҶȻɾʯ
ʲô
Ҷһ򣿴㣬ǴٰһϢɾʯСƹݼֱеˣ
ŮӿһҶȻǮȷʵЩ󣬵ǣӦ֪Ŀֲܹõǵ飬ǼΪ׵ģϾǲôӭ࣬ңһҲ̤塣
ΪʲôҶʡ
ҪշѣŮӵ
Ҷ
ŮֵͷĻ´ʱӭ
ҶЦЦڸˡȷʵò
ҶҡҡͷȻҪ뿪ʱһͻȻҶǰ
ֻؾǿߣ
ֺ߳ʮӳ˳С
ʮǿߣ
Ҷ˫΢Уֽ˽еĽߣô
߿һҶȻߡ
ҶЦЦҪ٣
΢΢ҡͷҪ㣬ܿ͵ԵƬ̡
ңҶü˭
Ͼ֪ˣߵ
ҶüͷĸˣǰЩȻսڵˣȻֱӶˡ
սڵģǾ˭Ҫڴ磬ʶĿûˡϾĭС䣬ʶˡĭС϶ܣŮħͷƢԷֱӸɣ
ѵǰϾ
ʱߵ˰ŮͻȻתſڴȻ΢΢һ񣬡
Ҷ⣬ʱһǴжûмˣꣿꣿǰꣿеãء
Ҷ


1521 Ĳң
Ϥ
ܿ죬һŮӳҶǰ
ŮҶȻʶģδĶҩ
ҩ
ŮȻûǣλʱҹŮ˴ǣûκϢ
ڶҩҶʵرģΪ̫ˡ
̣ǺѳԿġ
Ҷû뵽ҩȻѾ磬ңСƹݵĹ
ҶЦЦû뵽ˡ
ҩ΢΢һЦҲû뵽ǻ档
ô֪ˣҶ⡣
ҩɨһܣȻȥɣ
ֻؾԥ£⡭
ҩЦЦҪɱҵĻסġҶɱֻؾǿߴϴ£ȻѾ֪
ҩĻжʱһǿһҶȻת˳ȥ
뿪󣬶ҩ˵ˣԣʼҵ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼܵˡ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷҩô磿
ҩߴ½ڽУһˣҲڵʦΪѾ꣬ԾͰҲˡ
ʦʲôˣҶʡ
˾ͽμ
ҩ˾ͽһҲΪİҲܹطһ˵⣬ǷһĨ֪ΪʲôСƹ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
СС𣿡ҩЦ
С
Ҷ㶣ȻҡͷЦΣ¾ͺá
ҩ΢΢ͷȻһã㣬Щ꣬Թٿɣ
ѾϰˣҶЦ
ҩһҶȻ磬ҪĿ壿
Ҷ˵ͷ֪٣
Ǻܶ࣡
ҩ岻׼Խ룬˽壬Ҳҿ塣ʵжǿһδ֪ΪѾܾúܾûгֹˡǸĭС幫Ǿ硣
ĭС䣡
Ҷ˫΢УѾͷƬӣŮ˵ԸҲ˽⣬ȫҵ˱̬ĳ̶ȡҪģͻãһΪӦøҪ϶Сף϶Сײǿ
ʱҩͻȻȥ塣
ΪʲôҶü
ҩҡҡͷ֪ڵʵǿǣĸǿȥ壬˴Լȥ
ҶĬ
ҩֵǲģ
Ҷ˵ͷȻŸɣΪ϶ɲܹٴʩչǺӽͼ϶ҲŪǣ磬ǣ޹ңġҲģ
ҩҡҡͷУ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ҩ棬ӵнԼϢԸԷģǣڲСȣֻؾǿߺܶ࣬ӵжʮλϣΣٶȺܿ죬ǳĿ죬ֻҪ΢ʧһ£ͻᱻʮλϵֻؾǿΧ󣬼ʹûʧһ֮ס壬ǣ𣿶ң廹ѣڣѷɣ
ĬΣҶЦЦͦĵģôһҶе㲻ȥˡ
ҩĿģǾˣ壬ԣɱȥ˾ȲԼ޾ı׷ɱСʱսڿ϶ԹۣǻһѻǸʱӾѹˡ
а취ҶҩԣȻģϾĿֻС϶ǣὫ϶С׻⻹ص㣬ص˺϶Сס
ҩĬһ˲Ȼȥһ£ҪѰ϶Сˡ
Ҷܹ𣿡
ҩҡҡͷ
ҶЦԣǵԼȥ䷽棬ţֻؾǿ߶ûǿ
ҩҶȥˣġ
ҶЦУϲǻˣ
ҩ˵ͷ㲻ϲǻǷǳǻ˵⣬˶٣ȻҪȥҲԣǣӦңĲҪܻᱻΧģ壬޵ĵ̣һΧӳ
ҶЦģҲģ֤
ҩҡҡͷԽô˵Խģ
Ҷ
ʲôʱȥҩ
ڣҶ
ҩü΢ô죿
Ҷ˵ͷҲ˷ʱ䣡
ҩĬΣȻСЩˣмעһ£Ǿ㡣
ңҶüսǵڣ
ҩҡҡͷԷݣӦòսڵģΪԷҵһ벽ԪɱˣңԷò㡣
˭Լ
Ҷü˼һᣬȻҡҡͷˡˣҲһˣϾѾ磬Ҳ֪Ҳһ¡
ҩ˵ͷһᰲȥġˣŮˡ
ҶڳʶģϤԣһˣ
ҩǷһĨЦݣͦҵģһŮ
ҶڨЦЦȻûб£ˣ
Ҷ˵꣬һʧԭء
뿪СƹݺҶѸ뿪νǣȻνɽȥ
ҶٶȺܿ죬գۼǽããɽС
Ҷ뿪νǲһʱһν⣬ȫһţУһѪɫĽϣɢ޵ɱ⣬ɱޱȣŶη
̧ͷһνǣҪǣʱһ߳νǳſڵס˺ӵ·
ֻؾǿߣ
߻źȥһѪ㲻ս˷һìܣսһǣɱսǿߣһ˵ҪսݣݣǺǣѪʲôʱôߵˣʲôʱ㵨ôˣ
£ӵɫѿû˵
û˵
ЦһѪɱﵽ벽Ԫպսìܣ˵㣬˭
Ҳˣӳ
Ц
Ѫԭһе㵨Ͼ˵սݵˣôҲ㡣û뵽Ϸ˺㾹Ȼҳˡ㻹һ𣿡
ӽеĽĲң
㹷ƨ
ͻȻŭȵҳϣҲգڷѿ࣬
£ֱһźӱȥ


1522 ȫҶ࣡
ֵ߳һ̣ǺͻȻһһѪʧʡ
ٶȷǳĿ죬գۼʧߵС
УǷһĨЦҿжܣ
£䳯ǰ̤һһ̤˱ʧԭء
ںʧһŮӳ֮ǰߵλá
ŮһϮѩȹǣվſڣһ̶Ϊ֮ʧɫŮУһɫȡ
ŮӿʧĵطȻҡҡͷ
£ֱƾʧԭء

Ҷνɽ̼֮ӿٶȣһ뿪νɽĵ̡
ʵ岢󣬲ʵϻϡ
ƬУȽģҲֵģʼʱǳ󣬲廹Ǳ壬ڿʼѧϰࡣ
ΪѾףҪ
ˣڣҲཨֻĽҪ̫̫ˡˣ֮Ҳóף岻ҪһЩݻ߱ʲô᷷࣬壬ó

һ
һʱҶͣǰһǣ޳ǡ
Ҷûԥһž޳ȥûԼǹȥ֮ԸôΪУҲ޻ġرڳУκ޽ǣҪεģĹ涨
ȻΪнԼϵϢȻһŵϵϢ鷳ɾʹˡ
ͣ
Ҷ֮Խ޳ǣΪҪͨ޳Ǵ͵壬ҲǷ壬ЩǿȺῪٳԼר磬Ҳ򣬶ľǷôһҲһܹɵ
еˣĶΪ࣬лŮˣҶк̳Ϊһࡣ
ΪСһ˶һ뻹ֹ
ģҶ֣ΧЩ޿ĿЩˡʱһ󺺳Ҷǰ
ࣿҶ
󺺵ĻΧ˹УϲľǸ򽻴û취̫ƻ̫࣬򽻵ֻгԿķݡϲڵӦ˵УȫǱˣɱޡ
Ȼ飬ÿ춼ڷ
Ҷ󺺣һ̣һֱ󺺵ǰȻһȭ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ҶֱӶ֣عҲֱһȭ
䣡
һըڶ޵Ŀ֮УֱӱɳɣʱҶͻȻǴ󺺵ǰࣿȫҶ࣡
£һȭ
æӭȭ
䣡
ըһھѪֱӵ˳ȥ
ӷɳȥҶֳ󺺵ǰʱæ˫֣ᣬȫᣡ
Ҷûг֣᣿
ĨĨǵѪȻɬֻ֣ǻһ¶ѣôأ
ڻ𣿡Ҷ
æ˰֣ˣôôǿ޶Ҫǿ
ҶɨһЩޣЩ޼Ҷæ߿
Ҷչֳʵǿǳǿ
û޻Ըȥһǿߣ
ʱͻȻʲôģʵǿ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻ壡
壿
סȻôܣôС塭˵⣬뵽ʲôæסڡ
ҶҲһ㶣ֻһ˵û뵽壡ӿУеҲãĻ϶עĿ
ʱڨЦЦʵֻǿû뵽徹ȻǿߣҪȥμ᣿
᣿Ҷ⡣
㲻֪
㶣ʱҶ֪Ȼ֪Ҳμ᣿
ӵ˵ͷȻʮһεʢᣬôأ
Ҷԥ£Ȼʼӿʼ̸ӱȽֱˬˣҶĨǵĴԼҪ֪һС
ɣǻġᣬʵһᣬ壬ȺμӡٰģĿΪ˼һԱҲΪŽ塣
磬岻Žᣬȵľ
ӵ壬һ룬嶼¶ԹȻŽһһ¶⣡
Ž壬Ѿȫ
μᣡ
ҶѾˡΪཱһǰʥأҲʥ֮һ¡֪ʥ֮ʲôطǣ֪ԹĽڲˡ
֮ǰô壬͵͵ȥн䣬ܣǣܽڲ
ѣǳѣҷշǳĴ
ᣬҲǱᣬֻҪܹõǰܹʥ֮ءǰ˵ӦòǺܴ󡣵Ȼ⸱ȥˣҶŪһߴϣûסȫֻϰ벿
Դˣǻɺǲ⣬ҶЦЦҪ͵һ㣬͵һ㣡
ɵ˵ͷҲǣˣҶ֣ȻǶһͬȥμģͬУ
д⣡ҶЦȻĵͼǣͼ⻢ɿǻͼң⻢һҲ˶Ŀ磬һ˵ߵĻֻܿб޳鷳
һһ޽С
һоٰ죬ҲǡĿʼ죬ڣŶѾǡ
ᣬЩ˵һᣬһĻᣬͬʱҲһΪԼȺӵĻᡣ
һ㣬ҲҪһ㣬Ǿǰպ󽫴ȥԡ
Ȼ½Ǻƽʱڣǣ֮ǲٵģͳ˸֮໥Ƚϵһ;ʱȥ䣬ʱӮţǿΪ⣡
ܿ죬һһ˾޳ǵĴ󴦡ҪŶӣΪҪȥǵ̫̫ˡ
ΧޣһģһһЩһҲȥǹսǣдģֻ޳ǡˣ⼸죬޳ǼѾ챻
ҶŻʵʵŶӣһţһֵ뻢ɡȻе˷ʱ䣬û취ܲȥڵһĴһ٣ȻӰɣҶɲ裬˲ǲȥûµġ
Ҫϴ̨ʱͻȻһ۵ͻȻ˻Ҷǰ꿴Ҷ뻢һۣȻֱԽˣǴ̨ȥ
ӣ
Ҷ㶣ȻҪ˵ʱǻסҶҡҡͷǲ𣡡
ëǲ𣡡
Ҷˣţҽˣ
˵ţҶʧԭء


1523 ޣһŭνɱˣ
ˣ
סʲôˣʱҶѾʧԭˡ
ҶʱȻǲˬģŶһ죬ȻһͲӣ˭ˬ
أ
أҪҶأԣǣҲأҪǲأȻأˡ
Ҷʧԭصһ̣ǱҪϴ̨ͻȻͣȻתһȭ
䣡
һըڳ𣬽ţ곯һٶɣҶҲһٶɡ
ԶҶһĨ죬е͹ǰʵˡǰľߣˣղŲδȫֻ˲ɵ
ֵһ˵ǣϵľ绮֣һģߣֻؾΪڴﵽߺǿԸıԼڵľȻġٺô
һӵͻȻȥ˷ʱ䣬һûʲôã
УҲһĨ죬ܽһȭҲʲô֮
ҶɲϻҪ֣ʱǻͻȻסҶȻ࣬ǱţƬǿһ壬ҲƬšˣǲ𣡡
Ҷ˵ʱһվ˳ɨһҶ뻢ɣȻ࣬ʱ¶Цݣ֣ͱû˼ƽˣм£ߡ
Ҷ
΢΢ͷȻһҶסգΪҽã˵ţת̨ȥ
ʱҶͻȻǲ˼ˣĵùգΪܲˬ
ͣ½ŲתҶδ˵֮ǰվͻȻߵҶǰ֪֪˷Ѵʱ䣿
ϽȽȥ
ǣ˷Ѵʱ䡣๫ӣˣڸҽУ
֪
УҶ뻢˷׷׿ʼŭ࣬Ҷ
Ҷɨ˳һۣȻҡҡͷĹǣУҲⰡ
ǻɨһܣȻǶϹղ˭ĶӣǾ
Ҷһۻɣû뵽һʱԶվվߣ˵

ʱҶǰ֪
ˣ
ҶֱӴĻȻ껹δӦǿסĺȻ͵سһң
䣡
˻δӦԴһܽӴֱӹѿѪĽ
ס
Ҷһ꣬ҪƨҲѡõʱ򣡡˵꣬һĸ
죡
ֱӷɵǧ֮⣬˵ϣ֪
Ҷֱɱ꣬޳ʯʵǰ񾳰
Ȼһ֮ûУ
ǿʵ
Ǵʱе뷨
˭ʱͻȻ
Ҷ̧ͷ꣬ûзϻһֱӳǰȻһȭ
һΣû
ȭ壬ռޱȡ
һȭɫһ䣬ֱ֪ˡҴ⣬ֽճȭͬʱȭ˲串һ㱡ĽɫƬȻһȭҶȭͷ˹ȥ
ʵڼҶһȭʱܵĸоҪģǣ˲ҪȭҽӣԺûˡ
ǲ
һͷֱֱ׷˳ȥ䱾Ҳֱ׷ɵǧ֮⣬ڵ棬ҳһӡ
ˣ
һоͰˣ
Уǲ˼顣ߣңƬţսԶһߵġǣһУһͰˣ
ǻɴʱҲȫס֪ҶʵΪ̹û뵽ҶʵȻ˵ǿ
һȭҶûڹܶԷǿȺˣղ˭˵Ҫҵģ˵ţĿһϣˣ㣬ҿѾסˡ
¡
죡
ֱӷ˳ȥڷɳһǧɺڵϡ
һȭҶɨһܡ
ɫ䣬ˣûһ޸˵
ҶջĿ⣬һԻ𾪵Ļɣ߰ɣ
ҶĻɻعȻ˵ͷʱҶͻȻǰɫ䣬Ҫ
ǻҲɫһ䣬һ٣û̫£һ֮ĽˣԹñˣǣɱˣǾ͹ͷˡ϶ǲưոݵģ
Ҷûɱ࣬һУϴɽɵУսƷ𣿡
࿴һҶȻҡҡͷ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻת뻢ԾǴ̨ϣܿ죬ʧ˴֮С
Ҷ뻢ȥʱһΪղҶڿʱɱ⣡ղҪǵͷ˵ʲôˮĺݻ˵϶
룬Ҫô˵Ҷһ֡Ҷɲʲô岻ģΪʱʱ򣬱˵壬ɱ
ޣһŭνɱˣ
ܶʱҶ˼£
һҶ뻢ǡ
󣬷ǳĴ
ҶǵĵһоǱκһǶҪվڳУһСȻ
ǵĳǽɸߣɸʲô൱һɽĸ߶ˣڿȣͷ
Ҷ֣ȥһطʱͻȻ
ȥģҶɡ
ȥ˾֪
ɺٺһЦȻҶԾ˴̨ܿ죬ڻɵĴ£һ㳡ʱ㳡Ͼۼ˷ǳޣȻʱЩ޶ΡȻǺܴ󣬵ǣ޶ָĻǿ϶Ҳװµġ
Ҫ֪е޵ı壬Թģ
ҶԶȥڲԶһɵ߲ʯʯֲͬɫĿʯ˵ɫʱʱʯǰʯÿ޹ʯʱʯϾͻвɫ

Ҷԣɽ͵ԲԼ˵ɫûֻֻؾǿߵܹ
Ҷһۣɫ棬ǽɫɫ棬Ǻɫɫ棬ɫд󲿷ݵ˶ֻǺɫĲ
ԣЦ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷҲԼʲô̶ȡܿ죬Ҷʯǰ޿Ҷĸʱһ㶣漴޿ҶĿЩˡȻеڻˡ
лڣЩֻǻɣû¡
Ҳ⡣
ʱһҶǰҿͣôеࣿ
ࣿ
Ҷ꣬࣬ȫҶ࣡
ɫһ䣬漴ЦࣿǺãҽһȭ𣿡
Ҷ


1524 ҸЬ䣡
֮ô˵ΪԶԶ壬Ȼ֮УޣҲܲǣֳ͵ȴǺ٣Ϊַܹܵ˵ʹࡣ
ԣҶǲ࣬һȭȥ֪ˡ
ʵҲֱ˻ɣΪҶڳУʵֺȺĸо̫СˣеЩޣĲһޡ
ӵĻǻɿ˶ԷһۣȻɫЩŹˡ
ҶҲһû뵽ԷȻҪ룬Ǳ˰ɡ
ô
ǷһĨˣ
ų򣡡
ʱԱ޿ҶʱѾ˱ġ
壬ӦսǼ䶪˵ģ˵ľ̫ǻûʲôǷս˶ˣǣӲһ񣬴ӾۣӲߡԣҶܾ˶ʱģ
ҶҡҡͷΪãģ
ҿֱ࣡Ҷ޷ŵϢ϶ǱĴ̽ܵģʲôɸ˵ġ
׼𣿡ҶͻȻӵĻ
΢΢һ˵ʱҶǰ̤һȻһȭ
ܵҶȭͷеӴ󾪣æһȭҶȭͷӭȥ
䣡
һ޵Ŀ֮Уֱ׷˳ȥУھѪڷɳǧɺڵϡ
죡
ʱһ
Уʯ
һаܣ
Ҷߵԣ󾪣˵ʱҶһУϵɽʱɵСɨһɽ䣬ҶüͷΪɽֻ֮ݣûɾʯȫݡ
֮ǰھ޳жõɽһɽװҲ֮ĶȻɾʯЩҲ𶼲ͣӦܹһüǮ
ҵģʱڵϵͻȻ

Ҷͷ˵һ飿
㡭
ؿҶҶޱ飬Īһɺ⣬æ⣬ġ
Ҷʼ磬Ȼתߵǲǰ˶Ҷ֪Ҷ˺̶ֳȡ
ҶֽճȭȻһȭǲϡ
䣡
һһ˲ǲǽɫĲͻȻһ貵Ľ⡣
⣡޾
з׷¶֮ɫ֮ǰҶɵǷһĨɬ
ҶԵĻɣʣʲô˼
ɴǲջĿ⣬ȻѾﵽǿߵĳ̶ȣ˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵû뵽ô̬
ҶɫĲ֣Ҫֻؾܹ
ɵ˵ͷ˵ǣǣҲûֻؾǿ߾Щ˶֮ӡ
ֻؾ
ҶɫĲ֣˼ղŵһȭѾȫҲ˵ڵʵױġɵĻеѾӵֻؾǿߵҲ˵ǰеˣ
Ͼطǲýģ
ãвƼȭرƼȭĳ̶ֳ˵Ƽȭ޵Ŀǰ
Ƽף
һȭ޵ϣܹʵ˺
Ҷջ˼ɣ߰ɣ
ɵ˵ͷȻҶתȥڻɵĴ£һһһңһģҺܴ󣬺֮ܶ࣬࣬ÿһҶܴ󣬳ǧɣңҪĻҽҵҪ
۸ܸߣɾʯݻ
壬ͨûҾ
ķΪ𣬷ֱףףɽףסҶ໹иղеõݣɽףšʵһʲСĲƸˡǣǲΪѡһҾҪһǧɽݡ
Ȼʱƽʱʱ򣬲żٿš
֮ôȻΪ޸ǵԵʡ
һУҶڵأʱǻ˽Ҷɡ
һɺٺЦ
Ҷ룬ȻҲã
⻢ɻָһ¶Է
Цҿɳˡ
£ֱʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰȻһȭҶ˹ȥΪ֪Ҷʵˣû֡
ڻɵȭͷҶǰֻҪʮʱҶͻȻָȻǰһ㣬һ㣬ֱӵǻȭͷָϡ
죡
ɵȭͷֱ˿Ȼ˳ˣһ˰ɣ
㶣Ȼ⡭Ϊʲô֮ɻΪҶղŲûг̫
ҶЦֻҪҵֵǾͿСĴöԷܵ˺ǽͨ⽣ͨĹЧֻҪҵòýһġңղŲָʵָֻûмӳ뽣⡣
üǺܽ⡣
Ҷ˵ͷһһʽģղţ¶ղõһƵһУ˳Ҫ
ˣ
ɳ˵彻ʱ;˵Ȼǣ棬˵棬ȴԶԶ࣡
࣡
ҶҡͷЦЦĵǰһడ
ʱֵУѧ˵⣬һҶôأ
Ҷɫ䣬ѧǰԹһĿԣΪԺڳԿŬѧǵŵ㣡
ܹԿˣӦǺǿԷʲôǼţʡ
ҶɫǣԷҶһǳˣͶصˣһ
Ҷ
ͻȻ˫Բ㵵Ҷ
Ҷ㶣ʶҶ
ɿЦЦ壬˭ʶ
Ҷ˹ôʶʱĺˣλԷλĻʶһ㶼֡ڴ綼֣ΪǱ˭֪λ洳ˣ
ǣ壬⻢ȻֻһͨޣǶԷȴʶ
ɵ˵ͷҶһ˰
Ҷ˵ͷޱǳҸЬ䣡
ɣ


1525 ǣҪָ
ɿһҶȻô
Ҷǳص˵ͷǳ
΢΢ͷʵ˵ǿҶĺǿ
ҶЦЦȻɫô֪ģ
幫
ɳ˵˭ɱҶͿǰʥأҲʥ֮ˣռѡһ
ĭС䣡
ҶɫŮ˸жĳ
ʱֵȻǳǳˣǣȥ񡣡
ΪΣҶ⡣
ɵǲ֪幫ʵʵκβҶҶʵǺεȵǿ󡣡
幫ܳ𣿡Ҷʡ
ɿЦЦֹǳǲֱ֪һԣ˼ά߼ֱ޵ˡ壬˭˭ù֪ε᲻μӣ߰ԸӦòᡣ
ñҪҶ
ɵ˵ͷҪǲμӣ϶ðˣͿʼˡ죬úϢһ°ɣҲҪúϢһ¡˵꣬ת뿪Ҷҡ
뿪ҶԭأȻʼ
ʱҶңںڡ
һΣҶƼȭв壬ȻƼȭвѾѧᣬǣƼȭв壬кܴĽռ䡣
ᣡ
ᣬȻ˿ĴӣҪ֪ڿǲʹýġȻڴﵽߺǿģǣģһý϶¶Լݡ
ڲʹý£Щȣûκƣ
ãĿֻǰǵһǰĻӦò̫󣬲Ҳܴ⣬Ҫ֪ôޣ˭֪ж
ڣʮڵҶ۾ֻճȭʱһۼȭУԽԽ࣬ȭͷΧĿռ侹ȻʼҼܿ죬Ҷȭͷɿȭͷɿһ̣ǹʱɢȥ
ҶǷһĨЦݣʮƼȭв壬õرƼȭֶµĸܵ˵ʮջС
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Ҷ¯ǰʱ¯ڣСŮ¯ڣȻǰȴһ¶ûУˣʱԼĻСŮʱСŮ϶ʱ¶һ顣
СŮҶЦЦû뵽СŮȻܹõСŮ˵һĻԵΪ֣СŮɱţ˵϶Ĺ͡
ҶûдСŮת뿪˺
ʵС
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·ϣɽܵΪμӵ̫̫࣬ԣһػһɳҲ޾һдսվŵһǧ޾ͿԽڶ֡
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ҶüͷǲǺңҪ֪μӵģ϶кܶܶİɣ
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Ҷ΢΢ͷ⻹ãⷽʽе̫Ұ̫ˡô޾һվĲʸһ֣϶ܲпᡣҲ⣬Ͼ壬ϲľҰϲľǱ
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ܿ죬ڻɵĴ£һһһ㳡ʱ㳡Ѿɽ˺ڹ㳡룬ʮ
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˻᣿Ҷɵʲô
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Ҷ˵ͷ½κһŽ壬Ľû
ȥǼһ£ɵ
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ɵȻ˭֪˭
ҲǣҶ˵ͷ
ܿ죬Ǵǰһǰֳһľᣬʱڼ¼ʲô
֣壡ͷҲ̧
Ҷ룬Ȼ壬С򣡡֮ԲҶΪ½ʱùֹ֣½ںܶطù֡г𣬿϶һԷҪ֪ʱܾͻˡ
ҶĻʱͻȻ̧ͷҶҶʱһ㶣Ȼ壿
𣿡Ҷ
߿һҶֻǣȷȻв֣ǣУ䣬ҲǷǳġ
ҲҶ
ߵ˵ͷȻ˵ãһμӣôڴиôԼ𡣡
ҶҲ˵ҪǱˡȺܱ𣿡
ȻߵμᣬԸ˭£ԷȺᱨ㣬ǶԷҪ㣬˻Ȼ˴ˣҲΪ㱨ԣ㻹Ҫμ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷò˵ǺܺõģԸһڲսļʾͻᱻ͡ͲһˣһЩȣɱˣǽܾ˵ļ񱨸㡣һͿܷս
ģ
ϲڲģ
Ҷͷ߲˵ʲôȻҶ¼Խȥˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻȻҲǼǺһһŴС
ܿ죬Ҷ뻢ɳһƬտƽԭϣƽԭһ޼ʣޱȵĿ
ս
Ŀռ䶼鹹ģ
ʱѾзǳޣҶЩǣʱЩѾָ˱壬ɴʱҲָ˱塣
ת˲ҶˡΪָޣܷʵ
ڣЩˡΪУΨһһûлָġ
ǣҶΧ޶׷׿ҶɫΪĲơ
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ҲѹЩ޻ɣΪ̫ˡޣǻҲҶдһ˿ɻ
ҶĬһ˲ͻȻɨһܣȻ͵غʲôǣҪָ𣿡


1526 ث֣

ţ
޶סȻû뵽ҶôĿôš
ǻҲס˵Ҫ͵
ҶȻ͵ǣʱܵ͵ʱ͵϶Ҫ£ΪЩ޶ڻˡ
ʵ˵ЩޣԼԼж಻ˡΪ޻ȫָ˱壬ΣһôС˭ɣ
ΪЩ޵Ļɣֻܸߵһˣ
ҪЩޣҲǲָ壬ǲֵһָ壡
ôȻЩʱĻɣǣȴǺܵˡⲻҶĻ󣬳г˻⣬޶Ҷ߿˹Ŀܲơ
֪㣬ģ
ʱһͷȫڵĺͻȻߵҶǰҶҲףʲôʱôˣ
ͷǣ޵ɫζˡ
˵Ŀǣʵܶ嶼ĿǣΪ͵ԵʣʵһֱУȫײִڡΪ涨¾壬Ѿʧˡ
Ҷ˵ʱһͻȻڳ𣺡δʼ˭֣ʧȥʸ񣡡
һĨʧ
ʱͷֵţһ㣡˵꣬תߵһԣϢȴһֱҶ
ʱͻȻ˵Ҫ͵𣿡
ҶЦЦû˵ȻҲ͵ǣʱܵ͵ڣΧЩ޿ʱѾû˻ɣȻҲƣղǾ仰ɵڳޡ
Ȼ䣬ǣ˵Լģ˵ϻΪ㣬ң϶ʱĴˡ
ԥ£ȻҲ֪⣬ǣղôʵЩǣΪôóЩ㡣طԣǺ
ҶЦ£
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ȻҶʶʱȽ϶ϣǶҶе˽ģţҶǳţңҶҲһˣղô϶⡣е㵣ģΧζ϶ܰ
Ҷɣʣʲôر𣿡
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ɵ˵ͷȻĹʵǿġʵǿģ
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ΪʲôҶ⡣
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Ҷ㶣Ȼǲе㲻ƽ
Ϊƽôġ
ɵΪμӵĻǶ˵ǲƽģΪѾǲһϡ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵ˵⼸ˣӦöֳͱܹýǶԻЩ˵ҲǷǳƽġڲýԣڲǶԻǲƽǶƽ
ʱڰƬյͻȻţһ޴ʯԵصð˳ܿ죬㳤ɵʯƬյϡ
ǣҶ⡣
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Ҷɨһ۳Уʱекü򣬲ˣ½½볡С
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ңң
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ҡҡͷֻǰϷڵȵȣҪһʱŽ
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Уһᡣ
䣡
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ĳˣҶԣɳ
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ʱҶһ㣬ǾʯУм䣬ʯرĸߣʯУмǸߣߣұߣ
ף
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ҶæҡͷֻҪһʯͿˡ˵ֻҪܽͿˡ
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£ͷԼǣ׹硣
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Ҷۼֿ죬ֱӳʯϡ
Ҷʯϣ·һЩ޶ʱһ£Ȼû뵽ҶٶôĿ졣
ܿ죬޻عţ·ֱӳҶ˹ȥˣԭڹΧЩʯڼҶʱҲǷ׷׳Ҷ߳˹
Ϊʲô
ΪҶ߼һЩΪҶ̫С̫Сˡͣһر۸ģ
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ʱҶԲԶһʯϣһͷ޴īɫţͻȻҶУǼ벻м
ԣԭ׼ȳһµҶͻȻͣ˽ŲȻǺɫţ


1527 ˭Ҵ˭
ҶǺɫţһҶث֣𣿡
ҶĬͻȻԼһɡǾ壬ǲܵ͵ġԽ͵Խ顣
ʵΪ𣬱øߵ
ˣҶŤŤӣһ̣ҶֱӳǺɫţǰȻһȭ
ҶȻҳ֣ǺɫţһĨȻһԾֱӳҶײ˹ȥ
䣡
ҶȭͷǺɫţһӴǺɫţֱӵ˳ȥ
ҶɫţϾЩֱסˣȻû뵽Ҷ˵ǿҪ֪ǺɫţղſһֱռǸʯģԷܹռǸʯɼʵжǿ
ǣɫţȴֱӱһȭˣ
ȻҶȴδ֣ͣһֱӳǺɫţȻ˫ץסǺɫţβͣ͵ؽԭ˦Χ޵Ŀ֮УҶץźţβ͵سһң
䣡
һڳкȻ쳹𣬳еĵֱӱһ޿ӡһ̣Ҷȴֳ𣬶УץǾţβͣԼɺɿ˺ţβͣȻҽ͵һŲ˺椵ıϡ
죡
ţ˲䱻صףص׾һ·˴һ㣡
ҶûȥֻѾһϢľţһǸʯϣţɨһΧЩޣʯҵģ˭Ҵ˭
޿һҶȻ׷ƿĿ⣬뿪ҶǸʯΧ
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ʯϣҶ˫΢գŸղŵս
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Ҷɨһۣܿ죬˻ɣʱѾռһʯϣ˺צˡˣڻΧмͷڳ
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Ҷûгֵ˼֣ﻢɱסʯ϶ûġǣûг֡
ǾƽҪǣãѣʵһ£˿̣ܹסǶ˵ô϶ġңʱҲûʱ
УʱһһȥѾβʱѾŵޡֵ飬ûУˣЩ޶ֻˣߣǣֻҪ£Щվŵ޾Ͳǳ֡
壬ûޣ˭Ҳֵġ
Ҷλÿȥλߵʯϣͷޣͷ޵ϢΧЩ޵ϢҪǿࡣ
ҶͷޣȻջĿ⡣
һᣬһͻȻڳ𣺡
жʱһЩȻЩʯϵ޷ġΪζǽһˣ
Щûеʯ¶Ρ
ĶѾˣսԼûսһ̲ŷģ
ҶǻɣʱҲʯϣǲĿ⣬ҲȻһЦֻЦеңղĲù
ܿ죬еĿռ俪ʼһᣬҶоǰһ㱣ţǻصС
صкЩ޶ָΡ
һǧˣ
һǧȫۼһ𣬺ܿ죬һ߳Ҷ˵ǰɨҶһۣȻ˵ͷסпᣬڲŸոտʼ󣬵ڶ֣ȥ׼ѡ
£һʧԭء
뿪󣬳ЩҲǷ׷ʧԭء
Ϣ
ڶԴ˵ҪľϢΪղսУÿ޶Ѿǽƣǵڶ֣ڲԼ״ָ̬϶޷ȥġ
Ҷ뻢ҲصԼңһصұֱӽԼܵ˲ᣬҪץʱУ
ҶصҺҪʱҵͻȻ˸⡣
Ҫ
Ҷü˭һӣϵĽƱţӳڡ
Ҷ˶Էһۣǣ
ӣȻʶ֮ǰսǰ׵ĵһڶף
һ۵ĿߵҶǰҽʨʨ壬Աλ񾳣塣
Ҷ⡣
ʨ˵ͷıԣһǧʮҲ˵ʱ̭ǧŰʮˡܼңǳļҡʱÿһ鶼˻һΪֻ֣пܽһ֡
֣Ҷü治ܣ
ʨҡҡͷĿģŽᣬһҪǸʵҪԣڶ֣ҪŽҪԡû´󣬱ǰ׶֣ǰ֮⣬ÿһЩ˻֡
ҶĬһ˲ȻΪʲôң
ʨǿһۣʨսУҼˡ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻҪһˣ
ǻĻɣʨʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ʨҡҡͷʵעҪ̭
Ҷ˵ʱʨֵ֪˼ǣ˵һ¡
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ʨ˵ÿһ˿Խһ֣ǣǰзһ˶ûн顣ΪʲôΪ鱻ˡ֪𣿵ʱܲпᣬǳĲпᣬʵҪǿǻģĻⲻ֮ǰÿһڣֻʮ
ĬƬ̣ҶҡҡͷһǾԻ˽һЩ֪֣ûǰĿֻǽֻ֡Ҫ֣ΪԼȺˡ
ȻɵĿֻǵ㣬һѣڶֽǺ
ʨһۣʱҶ˭һȭ
ʨ񾳿һҶʨ
Ҷ˵ͷȻһȭ
ʨҲһȭӭȥ
죡
һըʨֱӱ˶ʮ⣬Ҷȴ˿
ʨһۣнǴһĨ𾪡
ҶڣѲۣ
Ĭãʨ˵ͷã
˵꣬뿪˷䡣
ʨ뿪Ҷ˺С

ҶŹκһĻᣬңڸղŷЩ޵ķҪǿ֮ԽԼҪԼʵˡ
رƼȭ
֮ǰսУǾţսʱûʩչƼȭƼȭڵĵƣȻʩչ˵ڲý£ƼȭĵƣԣƼȭҪ
ʱһһȥ
ʮ
ԭںڶҶͻȻ۾Ŀ⿴ſڣͻȻ֪ʲôֱʧôܣôܣ


1528 ǿղڴţ
Ҷʲô
ſڣվһСŮСŮСߣСߣͲôˡСŮС죡
С쾹Ȼ˵ڶ㣡
Ҷ֮ΪڶһȫģֻܹҲֻܹ˽û뵽С쾹Ȼ
ſڣСĴܣȻ̾ʱȻ治һȻʱ֮ı䣬Ǻأ
ҶߵСǰΪʲô
ʲôΪʲôСգգۣ⡣
Ҷһ˲˲С죬Ϊʲôܹ
СһЦ֪ˣû㣬Ҿ㣬ѽҾҵˡ
Ҷôҵģ
СҡҡСԴ֪ǵңžҵˡ
Ҷ
ʱСͻȻ֪˭Ū𣿡
ҶһС죬Ȼ˵ͷô

Сǳĵ˵ͷǳӦ˵ѾķΧ
ķΧҶ⡣

СһҶ˫ֻһԲȦƬ棬ʱ䣬ռ䣬ԼɡƬ棬Ҳ˵ƬʱռĹУܵʱռƵģ磬ϲ
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵƬʱռǣСʱʱ䲻һζʲôζƬڵʱ֮ʱ֮
Ҷü˵е㸴ӣ
С췭˷ۣ䷿䣬Ǻͨķ䣬ǣ˰ⷿˡҪһ죬ʮ죬ԷͱҪʱ֪ʱжѣǳѣ
𣿡ҶͻȻ
СȻ̯̯С֣֪أ

ҶߣС죬ʱʱʧ䣬ˡҶĬһ˲ȻߣҴȥһط
ԣС۾һãǿߣ
Ҷ΢飬ҡҡͷȻС˵ڶ㣬ССߵǰȻС죬ܰһ𣿡
СߵСǰһСüͷѾˡ
ˣҶ⣬Ǻúõ𣿡
Сҡҡͷ壡
壡
Ҷ㵵ôܣ岻İɣ
Сһ壬ǳǿҲǳ⣬Ҷû壬Ǻأ˵ţСһ£һ£ʱʱͷҡҡͷ
һᣬСͻȻˣ
ô֪ҶĿС졣
СҾ֪
Ϊʲô֪ˣҶһ顣
Ҿ֪˰СȻ
ҶԼĶͷС죬û㽻ˣд
СһЦȻСߣ϶ǹʹԼ˳˯
Ҷ˵ͷа취𣿡úΪСƹǣûáС͸ʹýⱻⷴһǰףû취ֹ
ССãȻҿأҪʱ䣬ΪҪŪ壬ܹ֢ҩ
ԣҶһɣС߼Ȼô˵֤аյġ
ʱСͻȻһԵ¯¯еСŮʱС۾һȻ¯ȥ
һĻҶɫһ䣬æСǰΣգĿֲ֪ģС쿿һͻȻСɾΣˡ
СЦûµģΣյĶҶܹоģ
˵ţƹҶ¯ǰһȻ̾ƬǸʲô룬ˣףǸ׻Ҫ
ףҶʲô
СһļһƬ棬Ĵڡԣûгɳû

Ҷ֪
Ȼ֪
С֮飬ء
ʱҶͻȻһС죬ȻС죬˭
СգգۣȻҲ֪أңҲܣһҲϲܡ
˵꣬תͷ¯𣬲Ӧ˵Ѿ˻ķΧﵽһΡ
ʱ¯еСŮͻȻ۾СʱգգۣȻһ·ɵСǰ¶ŲõЦݡ
ССŮСЦԸ㣬ĻԵúϧม
СŮæСԴȻСС֣ǡ
ϲ㣡Ҷ
СЦҸȡְɣͽСòã
С𡭡
Ҷԥ£ȻС죬ʱǸۣ֮ҲСС죬ǲҲȡ֣
ô֪Сдһ˿죬ȻǲǺܺ
ǣ
ҶҡҡͷԭΪԼȡѾˣû뵽⻹һġ
ȻҶ⣬СŮȴǷǳĸˣæСԴʾͬ⡣
ҶС춺һ뿪˺ûǣҪμӱԵġ
һҶ뿪ңʱʨѾȺ⣬ʨ񾳣Ҫǻɣ
Ҷ˱ȭĻҾͲ˵ˣԺõһɵģ˵ǰӣҲһü
뼸һûлһ֡ǣˣʨ񾳣˼ҸˣϣһãҲܱԼ
ԣҶʨ񾳸
ҶЦЦˡ
ɵ˵ͷ˵ʲôЩ飬˵ٶ඼û⣬ؼô
ʱʨ߰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷһƬ㳡Уʱ㳡Ѿۼޡʱ޶ֻϷġ
ڶֵıԣЩѾ̭Ȼ޷μӣȴͨۿ¶עʲôġˣдʱַǷ
Ҷɨһ۱Щޣò˵ЩޣʵǷǳģرϢϢǳûʲôˮ֡ҲΪˣڶֵľŻԵ쳣ļпᣡ
һǧʮ
ʱһͻȻҶΪ׵һƤӣӴһߵҶǰһҶȻǷһĨʨʨҵĻɫ壿
Ҷʨ˭
ǸҶԣɽ͵ʨûﲻˬˡ
ʨһƤ꣬Ȼǿ
ǿ
ƤǷһĨȻתͷҶֻɫܴʮҡ
ʱƤȻֹΪһֻֿסֻҪ
ڳ޵Ŀ֮УҶƤĺ͵һҡ
䣡
ѣѪĽ
ҶɨһܣȻǿղڴţ
ޣ


1529 
ʱ޵ĿⶼҶϡ
أ
رǽڶֵЩޣڿҶʱвأн䱸
һУ
ƤҶĵȻȴǱҶһо͸ˡȻҶȳ֣Ƥһ벻֣ǣҲҪʵа
ʨһۣнǴһ˿Ц⣬ʵ֤ûҴˣ
ʱһͻȻҶ˵ǰ
ֻؾǿߣ
ߣҶɫҲ΢΢
߿һ۵µƤ꣬ȻҶûʼ֮ǰϽ򶷣㴥أڶ֣㲻òμˣ
⻰˽һ㶣漴ɫЩѿΪڲ涨ǾǱԻûʼ֮ǰǲܴ򶷵ġ
ߵĻЩ¶Цݡ
һǿߣһ֣˵Ȼһ£
˵꣬ҪȥʱҶͻȻҲ
ҶĻٴסһ
ͣ½ŲתͷҶ˵ʲô
Ȼƽȴ̺һɿֲѹҶ˵ѹҲֻؾɱôܻᱻԷһѹס
ҶֱߣҾǲ
ҶĻ޶ʱһţҸֻؾǿ߽а壡
˫΢У֪֪Լʲô
Ȼ֪
Ҷǰ̤һȻðϣǣһ仰Ҳ²졣˵ţָŵϵƤ֮꣬ǰλҲˣǴҵġλһ䣬ָǵıʱǸΣ
˳ĬȻʱҶ˵Ǿ͵ǲˡ
ҶߣʳϣǱʱǸΣ
˵ҶֵŪŪΪжԶԶǣǵϲܶǵĹܶ
˵ĺã
ʱվ˳жʲôԶϲܶܶ
ೡЩҲǰͷȷʵΪޣƢûǺõģ裬ҪίȫǾǻᱻӵġȻǶҶȡʸеˣǣǶҶ֮ǰԣ޳ɣ
ҶĻò˵޶Ҷĺøжȶʱ˲١
߿ҶãȻһܶϲܶģ
Ҷ˵ͷ壡
΢΢ͷɫ֪࣬һֱܹôһһҲѵáҲգҾ͸һᡣסԺĪҪٷˡ
Ҷæ˱ȭлϣ
ʱҶдһ֪Ķˡ岻壬Ĳܵ͵ĲܺԽߵԽſ񣬿Խܵ𾴣ȻǰҪʵҪպǸȣȻһ
΢΢ͷȻһӣԶʮʼתתɨһˣȥɣ
ԣҶЩԾȥܿ죬һǧȫ˴С
ڽսк޶ָ˱壬һΣҲһЩûлָģҶҶ֮⣬вʮûлָ壬ˣһҶȺ
ʱҶԵĻͻȻָԶĴû
Ҷ̧ͷȥǧĿյϣʮ󣬲಻٣պʮ
ɵῪʼ󣬴ֻҪУȻͳȥͿԽһˡ
ô򵥣Ҷ㵵
򵥣
ʱǿʨҡҡͷ봫ҪʮϢܹߣУ͵ǲжġԣü𣿡
ԭˣ
ҶˣʱжʱԱЩ˿϶ǻֵġԣҪôȻػһ˴ʱ⼸ֻܹȴͳȥ
뵽⣬ҶѾԤжôĲпˡ
Ƕ٣⾺϶쳣ļҡ
ʮÿһֻܴһˣҿ϶Ҫ֡ÿһǰ׿϶֣ʣµЩô죿ȻҲ֣ȻԸǰ׵ġΪֻȰǰ׵ȸɷǲлᣡ
ȻȫԸǰףҪÿһȫ޶Ըǰףǰ׻ƨ
Ҳ֣һǰʵ̫ǿ̫ǿʱŻ֡
˵ǰǱȽΣյģǣҲлȥġΪÿһǰ׵ʵǿġû˰ĻһޣȻ봫ͳȥ
ò˵˻Ƿǳġ
Žᣡ
˻ҪЩһһǿǣûȺİܶʱҲûãǿ죬һȫ˿̣һ˴ǧŰپʮŸޣûֹܹ㴫ͳȥˡ
ǣ
֮˵ܼңΪʹ޺ǵҲǻ·ѳһС壬Ȼֿʼ˵ÿһֻܹУҪУͱһʼľֵһ̡

ǳѣ
Ҷоѹ
Ȼûһ򼸰ٵĵزнЩ޿ɲʲôȻýĻɱǣɱô
Ҫϣú
˴ԼһӺһͻȻڳ𣺡ʼ
£е޶ʱѸٷ˿ȻһС塣
Ȼû޳Щ󣬵ǳȴЩ
Ҷʨô㣿
ȣʨ
񾳵˵ͷȥ󣬻ᱻΧģرǣΪǿģȥǻȫȽҡǲĻǾͲҶ֣Ϊ˭ǣ˭϶군
Ҷüõȵʲôʱ򣿡
ܾõģ
ʨʮ߷߷ԵֵʮϢĹҪĶһҪ֣
߷Ҷü⡣
ʨҾٸӣ˺Ҫȥ˱㣬ǣһô죿˭ԣ߷һġ
Ҳǣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵߷Ϳֱͨˣ
˵ģ
ʨǣҲһΪ˵߷ܳܵķΧ߷ȻʧЧʵģӦòһ֮ԶԷʵҪȥ϶ǲô鷳ģԣ߷һֱ֤ͨӳȥ֤ͨ
Ҷ˵ʱʵĿռͻȻһţʮâƬͻȻʿռֶȻ·׹£
߷ʨ
ԣҶۼֿ죬һֱӳʣȻץסһ߷
һĻʨ˲ϲʨæ£
ҶסʱҶͻȻ֣·Щ޵Ŀȫϡ
ǹͷ
Ҷˡ
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻŭʲôԲۡ
£ҶֱʧԭأΪ·Űٶͷȫ˹ȥ


1530 棡
Ҷ
Ȼ
֮ǰЩ޿ǿĳֵģǣҪ֪пǧͷްЩޣͶǰ񼶱ģңû˿ˮֵİ񼶱ޡ˵ڵҶýҶ򲻹һȺޣ
ҶŻЩޣʣʧˣ
ܿ죬Щ޷׷Ҷˡ
ΪҶٶ̫ˣ
мͷٶȿ׷ҶǣȴֱӱҶһٱᣡ
ٶȿģܹ׷ҶģȴǴ򲻹ҶЩʵǿģȴ׷Ҷԣܿ죬Щ޷ȥ׷Ҷ
Ȼǲ˷ʱ䡣
Ҷһ߷
ԶҶһЩҪ׷Ļе鷳Ҫ֪ڲýһʵ˲֪ۿۣЩޣֻӵķݡãЩҲ˷ʱ䣬
һԣʨǿ񾳻лǿЩĿɿڴҲԣžܣ
ʵҲ֪Щ֮ԷҶΪҶʵղ׷ǰļͷޣûл֮ͱҶˡһĻ֪ҶͷÿУԣѡ
ҶߵʨǰȻߣҶϺ󣡡
ʨһۣû뵽ҶҪϺ󡣶ϺзյġΪһϺʱͻȻ֣ǾͷǳΣˡҪ֪߷ܹ˺ģҲһ޶ȣ޶ȣǴ;ͻᱻϡ
ûֳ֣ǣʮͷֵĻҲǿƵ߷ġ
ĬΣʨҶϺɣ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ʨǵģԣϺɣ
ҶЦЦҲˣЩ֪ҵʵԣҴҪߵĻӦû޻鷳ģϾôഫǿ϶ҵ鷳Ǿأ
ʨ񾳳Ĭһᣬʨã˵ţһҶѣʨˡԺȥʲô£ֻһ£ܼʨһüͷ
Ҳǣǿ񾳵
ҶЦʱҿɲ
һЦȻʨޣڣʨǻûָ壬ԣҶǵˡʵ˻ޣҶ˵һͬʵģѣҪθڣϵʲô嶼Ҫ
У޻߷
ܿ죬ʮ߷Ѿȫˡ
ҶɨһۣĿԶһϣ󣬻ӡ
ûлָ壡
֮ԿˣΪ֣ΧЩ޶ûиȥ˵鷳
ӦǰЫģҶԣɳ
Ы壿Ҷ𣿡
ɵ˵ͷǳرǵĶǵĶǳǿֻҪǵĶʮˡļ壬ûĸȥǡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷҪջĿ⣬ʱȴͻȻҶԷһۣܿ죬˫ջĿ⡣ȻǾ֣ǣһȴǣ˫ɵ˷
ҶĿƵһߣһ߲ԶŮӣĻĶܲƯȻҪ˵ʵ
Ҷ֣Χ޶Ůʱ˲䱻Ůܣ
壡
Ҷԣɵ壬ʵǿرǵٶȣǵٶȣУǰ壡
ǰ壡
Ҷ˵ͷѾǳĿֲˡҪ֪壬ֻһͳƣУ಻ͬȺģܹŽǰ壬Ѿǳֲˡ
ҲȷʵŮʵǳĲ
Ҷ֮Թ۲ЩȻΪҪ˽һ£Ҫ֪Щ˿ܶΪĶ֣
һᣬҶʨʲôʱ뿪
Щ߷Ĺȷ󣡡ʨ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ʨЩ߷ĹȷҲǳЩޱȽƣʱǸʱ԰ȫһЩȻǽĻһɿǺܱܿΧңЩ߷ȷҲӵ߷СҪ뿪ʱʱЩһʱǵѹҲЩ
ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷҪ뿪ĻܻܿᱻΧǴĻӵ߷Ķѡ뿪ǸʱҵʱҲ뿪ʱ
ʱһһȥܿ죬һ߷ڱһͷ;޴޻ú󣬳Щ߷Сʱ׷׳Щȥ
ߣ
ʨ£һԶĴȥ
Ҷ뻢ɻǿҲȥ
Ϊ׼ˣǺܿ͵һǰʨǻɵߣ
ԥ£Ȼ˵ͷ˴Сʵһסʲôޣˣߣ
ڻɽ봫һ̣ԶһȺ޳Ҷ߳˹޵ͦ࣬ٶʮͷ
˿̣ЩѾ˲ôˡ
Ļᣡ
𣡡
ʱʨͻȻһŭȻֱӻָ˱壬ţһȺײ˹ȥ
ʨǿҲָ˱壬ȻȺ޳˹ȥ
ֻҶߣ𴦵ĴҲ˴ս
һ
˭ᣡ
ò˵ʨ񾳵ʵǷǳģ͵ֵס˶ʮͷޣҶûг֡Ҳ֣ܳҪԷͻȻ͵Ϯ
ʱĺܿ죬ʮϢת˲ȥɳʧ˴СʧڴǴ̰
һֻܴһˣ
ʱһԵʨҲͣЩΧǵҲߣĴȥ
ʨɨһ۳Уܿ죬Ŀһ󣬴ʱľ쳣ļҡ
ʨ˫͵һĵ棬Ӵֱӳײ˹ȥ
ʨײ޷׷æȥʱʨǿ񾳣ߣ
ԥ£Ȼ˵ͷ˴УʱΧЩڼ񾳽봫ʱ̳Χȥ
ʨһȣֱӳЩ޳˹ȥ
Ҷûг֣Ϊʨ㹻ˡⲢҪֳһʤֻҪסʮϢͿˡʨʵȫסʮϢҪԷһͻȻǴеĿͻȻ͵Ϯ
ܿ죬ʧ˴
ҶʨһǰʨҶ㣡
˵ţֱӽ˴С
ʱΧʮͷ޳ǳ˹
Ҷ˫΢Уǰ̤һȻһȭ
䣡
׵һͷֱӱҶһȭɣţҶȭͷӣÿһͷȭͷе޶ֱӷ˳ȥ
һΣҶû֣
ȭȭȫ
ΪҶ̫͵Եʣܿ죬һЩֹǰˡΪҶֲ̫ûܹסһȭ
ʮϢʨѾʧС
ҶɨһΧЩޣȻĿԶϣյģΪ
ҶûԥǴȥ
Ҷȥɫʱˡ
Ҷղŵʵǿǿġܿ죬ҶߵǴǰû
ҶҲ˴УȻ߷
߷һɽסͬʱʼ
û޳֡
ܿ죬ϢȥϢȥ˵ڰϢʱɿֲϢͻȻԶϮȻֱӺҶڵĴϡ
䣡
һǴ͹ʧҶϵĽҲʧ
ʱһԶ˹ģҵһ̵Ⱥܾˣ
֮ǰ汻ҶڵϵƤ꣡
УҶ˳ȻƤ꣬ǰɣǾú棬棡


1531 ӽԺһ
УҶ۾û뵽ᱻ˴ϣû뵽֮ǰǱƤꡣ
Ǵ򻢲ɺ󻼰
ҶӴ˳ȻƤ꣬ƤЦһ˵ʱҶͻȻԭأٴγʱѾƤǰ
˼ҲģȻҲ磬ǻϻʲô
ֱӸɰ
Ҷ˵ͳ֣Ƥ˽һе㲻·ư
Ƥ껹δعҶȭͷѾԴʱһͻȻƤǰȻһȭҶȭͷȭͷҶȭͷӴһʱɫʱȻһ䣡
죡
һըǻֱӷ˳ȥƤҲײ˳ȥ
ƤԱ㶣ȻعҶ˹ȥ
죡
ת˲˽ֱӵ˳ȥ
ûһܹӵסҶȭͷ
ȻҶû֣һЩɵ˹ȥ
졭
Уһը
ѹŰ
ҶǰЩ֮꣬ûС
һĻΧЩľҶڻЩ޺δ֣ͣᡣرƤֱ꣬ӱץסʹңΧĵ涼ƤԴҵع˿
Ȼ޵ķһ㶼ǿǣҲסôҰ
ʱҶͣ
ʱ꣬Ƥ꣬Ѿȫ˵ϣûҲˣȫһϢ·һ̾Ҫһ㡣
ңǳĲң
ҶߵƤǰҶƤƤһʶĳУ˼ɵ֮ɫ˼ɵһ˿η塣
˿̣֪Լ˲ǵˡ
֮ǰ棬Ҷڴһ٣ҶȴƨûУȻǲˬģ˲ű֪ԼʵҶԽһ𣬵֮ǰʨһֱҶһǸʱϡ
Ϊûˣû뵽ҶһҪ뿪ģʱһ֣
Ȼµ˿ͷȴûµβ
ҶͷƤ꣬ΣǼû
꿴Ҷû˵
Ҷ˫΢Уûǰɣ˵ţȭͷ
һĻɫһ䣬ǣˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˾ͺˡ˵꣬תȥ
ɱꣿ
ʵȻǿǣôضᱻĺıǩ棬ȻںôΪôĻضǵðЩǿ߲ϾʱЩƤѾû˻֮ʱ֣е̫ĺˡ
ĳһ֮УƬ֮ϣߡ
ʵ
һߵһ˲õļһ
ںԵһ΢΢ͷʵΣһҲΪЩСһ֣ûУɿΣ
ȷʵߵ˵ͷԶչһ¡
ˣߵ˵ͷ

棬ҶЩȻһȥʱΧЩ޷׷˿
˭ҵ
û˸ҵ
Ҷ˴УһΣû߷ȴû޸Ҷ֡˭ҳ֣ڣЩֻϣҶߣǿߣûаȫУ
ڼҶѾǡ
ֵһ̣ʨ񾳻лӭ˹ղ淢ǿǿģΪ淢鶼ͨͶӰ档ղǿʵΪҶһ亹ãҶȫ˳
ʨߵҶǰЩһڴһ٣
ҶҡҡͷСӲ£ѵһ¾Ϳˡ
ʨһҶûҶװȷʵʵô˵
ʨ˵ͷѾһʮڼ䣬ǱҪԼ״ָ̬۷塣ˣǱȥһط
ȥһطҶʡ

ʨǰʮģʸȡһͨУ˵ܻĴУ
񣿡Ҷ⡣
Ҷ飬ʨ񾳻лɫЩŹˡʨԥ£Ȼ㲻񶼲֪ɣ
Ҷɫ䣬ҳͽܲԣЩһֱ飬֪ĺ١ȻȻ֪ż񰡣ֻǶǺ˽⣡
ѹǰû㣡
ʨ˵ͷȻڹʱڣʱǿ壬ЩУǿӦ˵ʱǱū۵ġ
ūۣʲôô壿Ҷʡ
ʨҡҡͷ塣ЩһԳԼϵĴڣȻūƬ壬ȴǱƷˡͲ㱻壬Ϊĺ𣬲õ屣ȻҲһЩʧˡ
񻹻𣿡Ҷʡ֮ôʣΪԷţɾͲȥˡϾ塣
ˣʨҡҡͷ
ԣҶһɣȻãȥȻԷˣȻҪȥбİҪײҪ
ʨп񾳷ֱҶ뻢ɻصԼҡ

Ҷ˵ҪľŬ
ȻУû֣ǣһУǾ϶쳣ļҵġһУҶԼһ֣
ڲý£˿Ĵи
Ϊиʱ䣬ˣҶڵ
ȭʵڲզΣʱһͻȻڵڶ
Ҷ̧ͷȥֻС˫ֳ
㲻ڰһС𣿡Ҷʡ
СҡҡͷϢһ£һһϦ飡
Ҷ˵ͷȻղ˵ȭզΣʲô˼
Сǲ˼£
Ҷæվԣ˵ķǳǳĶԣȭҪǸ㿴ôȭҲϣɣ԰㿴
ǲ˵ҸȭСգգ۵
ǰҶæͷ
Сҡҡͷܸ㣡
ΪʲôҶֱ
СΪ̫УΣգ

ҶͻȻץסСֱۣС죬㱣֤ӽԺһˣģҸаһˡ


1532 Ҳȥ
Сӵеȭ
϶
ƼȭҶѾһŷǳˡǣСУȴǲզΡɴ˿С۹жߣӵеȭжǿ
ˣҶѾʲôӲˣȰŪ˵
ȻСȴҡҡͷУ
Ҷ齩סˡ
ʱСֵʵһЩҵǿԸһȭ
ΪʲôҪʵһЩŸأҶ⡣
СΪеЩȭ㣬ǿȥѧֻʵ䷴ԣҪһЩҲܹ㣡
ðɣ
ҶȻЩģҲû취СȻѾô˵Ȼ˵ʲôԺлᡣ
ʱСֵȭԱĸһЩ
ԱĸһЩҶ㵵ô䣿
Сȭֱֱֵֵ̺ܹ֮֮࣬࣬Ϊ˵֮ϢϢأȭΪű⣬Ҳǿ֮ǣ˲Էأ
˵⣬С˶٣ֵһ㣬ޣʱҲ࣡
ࣿҶ⣺Ҳ
Ȼ
С֪ȱȱ࣬ȭ㣬ܷס𣿡
ҶҡҡͷǺǿȴǿƼȭܱܿԷֱӸУпܡȻǰԷС
С죬ԣԺҪ취ǿԼ࣬Լа֡
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˵ȭô
ػأ֪𣿡С
Ҷҡҡͷ֪

СһҶ𣿡
Ҷ⣬Ȼʲô˼
СߵҶǰȻָָҶǰȭὫֱӴ͵ֵڣҲ˵ǿǹͬһ㣬ڹ⣬𣿡
ԣҶ۾һ
Сô˵ףǾǴˡ

ֵڲȻڲڹ⣬һƼȭĿɲһ㣬һʵɱ䣡ʵⷽеٽ磬ڶá
Ǻܿ죬Ҷһ⡣
ôͬһأҶʡֵ⣬С˵ĺܼ򵥣ǣҪôͬһ㷴𵴣Ҷ˵һ⡣֪С϶а취ġ
ȻСֻһ֣
Ҷֻ֪ǣҪô
ռ䣡
Сͨռ䴫ģԣÿռ𡣵Ȼеѣ˵ӦòôѣΪ˿ռ䷨򡣡
˵ţСҶôÿռķ
ҶԱͲСָԼ˿ռ䷨ˣһ˸ôʱ⡣
ϰ
κһҪϰġҶûһͨһͨͻĵزϾԣ
һҶϰС˵ɡϰ£Ҷռ֮໥ѾһЩ裬һȭѾһȴ޷ֻò߳ɵ
Ҷûʱˡ
ΪѾ죬ȥʱ䵽ˣ
Ҷ뿪ңʱʨ뻢ɻпѾȺš
ָΣʨ
ҶЦЦѾˡô˵ǸΣա
ʨҡҡͷȻûΣգҲ֪ܹǰʮģ඼ĸ֮Ҿۼһܻ£ԣСһЩã
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻû£߰ɣ
ܿ죬ʨĴ£Ҷһ˳޵
ҶЩǣУ⡣
ɽ
ɽ˵ĽأΪľסءȻǸΪǣ񣬶֣һ壬壬Ƿǳ𾴵ġΪû񣬾Ͳ壡
ɽǳĸߣɡ
ɽɽ£ҶʨɽʱɽѾһЩˣȻЩˣޣʱΣҶǵˡ
ҶɨһۣȻЩֵġ
ڵǣҶ
ʨһҶȻҡҡͷôܣ֮⣬Ϊڻûʱ䣡
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ʱɵȣʮȫȻһϡһ԰ɣ˭ɽ
˭ɽкôҶʡ
룬ȻûУÿһΣǴԷ֯ģԣûнǣÿһεǰģǺܿǰ
Ҷʼ磬ûкôǾ͵õ͵һЩˡ
ʱһһȥܿ죬ʮѾȫۼɽš
˶һЩεָ̻˱壬Ȼһɽȥ
ҶԵʨҲǻָ˱壬Ȼɽɽ˹ȥҲˡ
Ҷʼ磬ȻȥٶȲδ̫졣ͷ飬һǲϲģοݻЩ⡣ңһûкô
ܿ죬Ҷ֣ЩٶȽһԽԽ
һĻҶ˫΢˵ɽ϶йŹ֡ҲǣȻܸߣǣЩ˵ϢʱѡûѶȵĻǺʣ˭ٶȿ˭͵һˣ
һᣬҶ֣һϣ֣ӿٶȣǹԽԽأǣڵٶȣǹ򲻻̫أٶǰǣٶҪһõǲˣ
Ҷ̧ͷȥȻЩٶȶҲмȽϳɫģǵٶʼѾԽԽ죡
ԽԽ죬ϵѹԽԽأܹԽԽ죬ʵɾЩֲˣ
Ҷһʨ񾳻лɣʨ񾳻ãһֱǰʮ壬ǻЩˡ
һӺ޶ѾȫɽҶ֪˭˵һΪ˼Ҳûеֱӽ
Ҷɽͱʨܡ
Ҷ⣬ʣô£
ʨˡߣ㣡
飿
Ҷ㶣ȻѿڶǼһû
˵꣬Ҷ֪ʧԣȻæ˵˼һأ
ڣƬˡһΣһʶġʨڵ峤Ѿˣߣǿ㣬ܲܿ񣡡
ʱҶæ֣ҲȥЦϹҪǼ˶ԷԷǿԿ޵ġһԷ֣ʮ
ΪʲôʨĿҶ
Ҷ˵ʱһʶͻȻҶϣʶʱҶʱ޷ţһͻȻҶ𣺡࣡



1533 ֮
Ҷ֮ȷԷޣȫƾо
ֻؾǿߣʶɱĸоֻؾǿߵĸоңģȻֻؾǿ߸ֱӿࡣ
ˣ
ҶɫƽȻʶ˹ȥ࣡
ȻѾ֣ȻҪԳϣʱƱ磬ֻöԷ
ĬãǵͻȻٴҶ𣺡ǿͣɣ
ԣҶһɣȻԷûҪɱ˼
ҶתͷԵʨ߰ɣ
ܿ죬Ҷʨ⣬ʱǰʮЩ˶⡣
峤棡
ɵһƷʲô¡
Լһʱ󣬴ͻȻ򿪣ţһд˳СһǶɣ
ԣ߽˴УǽǰĳʱһãҶǰҲˡ
ܿ죬ҶһĴУڴϷƯһӣһϮ°ɫۣͷϣһϸСġ֡

ĿҶϣҶãȻַ⾳𾳣ȴʮû뵽гţ֮ңҲƬ֮ң
Ҷǰɱң
ɱ㣿ЦΪҪɱ㣡
Ҷ壬ܲѺã𣿡
ЦݽʧãҡҡͷںܾúܾǰΪ˶Կ壬ȫ֣ʱϵܺãǳãֻǿϧʱǨ֮겻ûдȥʼ໥ӣ
Ҷûֻ꣬档
΢΢һЦ˵ĺܶԣʱһ򣬴඼Ϊ𡣡
Ҷ˵ͷԣҪԼԼǿǿԼǿ˸ۣ
еҼһˣͻȻ
˭Ҷʡ
ɫЩһҲýˣԳңӣ
ңӣ
ҶһǰҲʶңӣȻ𾪵ģΪңӿɲһʱˡ
ʶ
ֻǼ֣ǿ
жǿҶʡ
Ĭ˺һᣬȻŵ֮Уʷ˼
Ѿǿ̶ֳȣ
Ҷ˫΢Уңӵ飬ֻңĴ˵Щ˵Ǻܾǰ飬ԣңʵ˺̶ֳȣҲ֪϶Ѿǿֻû뵽Ѿǿ̶ֳȡ
˵ͷţֻǿϧ׷󽣵£ﲻģȻڣ嵱ˣ
ҶЦЦңһִĽڶֲܷܣôȥ壿
Ҷǰ֮ǰ˵֮У˼أ
ЦЦҾͲˡĴ½ǿңǿ壬ҶЩǿ˽Ҳ٣ԣȻ֪ңǿ
˵⣬ͻȻһҶȻʵպĳɾδڣȱʱ䣬ɳʱ䡣
ҶЦҲɡ˵ǰŪֻɣ
ʵ壬Һ֪Ŀģ
ҶûҪ˼ҲûǸ𣿡
ĬãȻʶԵһ컯£ͻȻָһҶһ㣬ɲǼ䣬һҶδعֱûü䡣
Ҷ㶣ȻæڣʱλôһöȭͷĽɫеңֻе
ǣҶ̧ͷ񣬲⡣
ҵ

Ҷ㶣Ȼڵڵ㲻Ҫڵˣ
Ц̶ֳȣⶫ˵Ƕ˵ôȴܴΪѾ˼£ԣڲҪȥܹҲǡ֮
֮Ҷʡ
˵ͷҶеͨ߶˵ڵľʵ˲佫Լ屶ˣҲܹڶʱڻ֮ļӳ֣屶
ҵ죡
Ҷȫܵˣ
˲屶ʲôڵѾǿ˲屶ֻؾǿһעⶼᱻһȭɣͲ˵ˣһȭܾͻöԷΪһ̯࣡
з֮ӳ֣屶ȫվŸֻؾǿվߣ
ʱֵҪסһ㣬ϾԼģУܹʹ֮ȻһˡУھ绹̫޷ȫڵĹЧʵԽԽ󣡡
Ҷǰ˴Ϊʲôɱ˵ʲôԵ
Цӵڵĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳһӣպѣܼ
ҶǰǲҪʲôˣ
˵ͷȷʵҲһ֮ᷢԣʵԼҪʵܹһС
ҶĬĻʲô¿ҪЩȤĿֻС϶˷и߸ûи߸ĻܶͶһ£ܶܣ
ʱʱ䲻ˣһЩҪһ£ȥɡ
Ҷ˱ȭȻлˣ
˵꣬Ҷתһʧ˴С
Ҷȥһ׷߳˴Уû뵽塣
򣬽ԼϢǲԣֲ
ӣ壬֪νĿģ߳
ߣĩܶʱ򣬿飬ܳŻķȥ룬Ϊβźõķأţ壬ܹύ壬мôġ
׷ߵ˵ͷˣ˵ȻϵڲôãǣܹύһλǿߣǶ˵Ҳһ¡
壬϶ʲô飬ԣͲҪˡңڵӵҵڵĳ̶ֳ˵ҲҵĴˡ
ԣ׷ɫʱɬʵϣڵޣһࡣ
Ͼ࣬ı찡
ľѾۣģϡ
̧ͷԶúһ̾壬˲ű
˵꣬彥ҪʧʱͻȻֵסҵĻһ򣬾һһ죬Ҳڴֲ
£䳹ʧ˴С


1534 鵽һˣ
Ҷ뿪
ʱЩ˻ڵУȻЩ˿϶ҲԼĻԵ
Ҷ˵һεջɲС
ڵܹʵһôǾڵı¶ˡڵڣһڵ˭˵ģ
ڵжֽţкڣκΣյĶڡ
ҶصңȻʼ
һΣƼȭ֮
ȻֻҪ߶ڵܹ֮ǣⲻѾ̣֮ҪһӦ֮Ĺ̡ϾͻȻ֮䱩һʱ϶ǲ˵ġڶԵˣǿܾͻᷭˡ
С
Ҷ߶֮ʱһɽҶڱӿܿ죬Ҷһ㱡Ľ⡣
Ҷ˫ֻսȻһ

ڸоԼӵлص
ҶʱÿƼȭӦ֮
ʱļ죬תƾ͵һֵıԵӡ
Ҷ뿪˺ſڣʨ񾳻лѾڵȺ
ʨһҶȻлʲô
ҶЦһУڵϸ˵ȷʵһִС
У
ʨȵ㾹Ȼ˴Уˣ
ˣҶЦЦȷʵЩˡأǻʲô
ʨҡҡͷǺܺãֻһЩˣ޻ͨ
˭Ҷʡ
ԳţԳ
ʨҲһαԵĵһͨУܹڶʱգһᣬԶԷʵһ·Īˡ
Գ
Ҷ˵ͷȻأǰ𣿡
ʨҡҡͷ֪ԼʵǰʮͿˡֻҪǰʮ˵Ѿǳˡǰǲģ˵ţ˶٣ֵĿӦǰɣ
ҶҲµ˵ͷȷʵǰ
ʨ˲ô⣬ΪûѾµˡҶʵ˵ǿĿ϶ǰġҶʵ
Ҷʨ֮ǰĹ㳡ʱĹ㳡ϣ޴ı̨ܣޣãʱΣǻָ壬Ǿװ¡
̨
Ҷԣʨֱ֣ӱԣӣȻӳǩԣʤֱ߽̭ܼ򵥣ǺܲпᣬΪ˭Ҳ䲻𡣡˵⣬ҶϣǱһ飬ȻɾҪˣ
ԣҶ񾳻лɽǹһЦ
ò˵ҶʨлԼǲ̫˵Ŀ񾳣Ҷȷʵǵѡ˵Ѻ٣ʵҲ࣬񣬶½ЩֻǣĽŲ̫̫ˡ
ʵϽŲģǵӾͻᱻ̭ȻⲢӰҶЩ˵ĸ飬ֻǴ޷ս˶ѡ
ͬУĿǰΪֹֻаϾܹĽŲܷ
ʱһһȥܿ죬һ׷߳˳У׷ߣ֮ǰеĹĩ
ĩɨһ۳УĿҶͣ£Ȼڿʼֶӡ˵ţָһһˮҶ˵Ͽա
ܿ죬һһУһֽˮз˳ȻһŹâͷâɢȥһֳͷ
ģ
һᣬҶһУһâͷͷϣһһ֡
һģ
ɵǣʨҲһģ
ʨЦЦϣҪһʼ㣡ȻԼţҶϵĻ϶ûʲôʤġ
ҶЦʵʤôҪҪǲ룬ţЩǿ߹Укܴôģ
ʨ˵ͷٰᣬĿҲǸ岻Ҫ죬໥һŻ֪ԼĲ㣬֪ԼĲ㣬ܹһ¥
Ҷ΢΢ͷò˵ƶǷǳõģô˵һֱƶȥĻҲ޷ư½ǣҲû䡣
ֻأ
ʵŽһǾǷǳֲġǣϲںģܶʱ岢ǰܸ壬ǰܸԼ
ã磬ȻҲ֪Žĺ֪룬ȫ֡
ʱһͻȻҶ˼ٴγǩԾ
˵ǹĩ
ʵԺܼ򵥣ǳļ򵥡ÿһֳʤߣȻʤ໥ս
ȻԵķʽܼ򵥣ǣԵݿǷǳпġܰܣӿʼһ̿ʼҪõһζţӿʼ㶼ܰܣһ̭ȻепᣬǣóĵһӦ˵ǰĺǳĸߣ
֮ŪôԷʽĿҲ
Ҫһˮֵǿߣ
Ҫ֪ǰպҪȥ彻ֵģˮ֣ʱĿ壡
Ҷ鵽һһ֣Ҳ˵Ķһ鵽һֵޡֵһ˵ǣΪÿһʮԣԾһһһǸжԾߣֱ̭
ӮˣʱȫǣֻʱΪ˽˳ǩԾӮ˶֣ͻȡԷΪǿˣᱻֱ̭˵ÿһǸˣǷǳǳ˵ģΪٴೡ
ɵǣҶһ
ڶõһֵǸ޽оս
ڵֱ֪Ǹ˶ҶЩЦãʵѾ׼ôɱķһ·򵽵׵ġû뵽ôãֱõһ֡Ҳãʡöˡ
ԶǹĩһҶȻתȥҶõȻֽšĻȻǼסģĻչչҶ
ھչˣ
ʱʨ뻢ɻпҶǰ֪Ҷõһʱʨһ㶣Ȼʼ׷׹ϲҶ
ȷʵֵùϲΪǰʱҶֻҪһͿˣǣҪ峡
峡ÿһϢʱֻʱǶôĲпᣡ

ʱԶͻȻһЦ鵽һˣ鵽һˣҲ


1535 
ǵĴЦеʨ񾳻лɫŹ
һ˺ŲҶĻԶԷȷʵǣһ˺Ҷǲ֪ҶʵжǿǣǺܹҶģԲ
һģ˭һţҹ
ʱԶı̨ͻȻһŭ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ţʨ뻢ɻп񾳿Ҷ
ҶԶ̨һŵȴ򣿡
ʨ˵ͷ˳Ǵһ󣡡
Ҷ˵ͷҲãϢһ£˵꣬Ȼһ̨ϡ
̨ϣһ۵Ŀ꣬ۿ꿴Ҷʱһ㶣Ȼʵ㲻Ҫңһţ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵǣ
ԣɫʱޱѿΪʶҶĳ֣֮ǰսҶƤ꣬ʶԷࡣȻԷҶǰ֮ûС
տʼԼޱȣû뵽ھ͸ͷһ
ĬһᣬͻȻҶ֣䣡
ޣ඼йġֱ֮䣬ԭһҶʵ̫ǿ֪ҶĶ֣ղŵΣ˼ҹ˵ҶҪ̨֪ϣԸģ
ĻҶסΪԼʣȷ
˵ͷȷǸܲеӵ䰡磬սһᣬһӣսһӣһӺڻңô
ҶɫҲЩŹˡȻû뵽顣룬ҶãС£Ըϵġ
ԣʱһϲȻлˡ
˵ţڳ޵ע£ҽ͵һ棬ͬһöڵһ㳯Ҷȥ
ò˵ٶȻǷǳģȥҲǿҶǰ겻ٶȣƣ̫ܣȻѾӦȻҪúϡҶֽճȭȻѾǰһȭ˹ȥ
һȭҶûгȫֻ˲ɵȻֱ̫ͣӰѶԷˡ
죡
һҶһҶ㽫ɣֻ˲ʮɡ
һĻһƬȻ
Ҷ֮ǰսеı֣޶ģ˵ҶЩ޵УǰѡˣһҶıԣ޶ǰۿû뵽ҶһȭȻ·磡
ʨҲɻȻ벻ҶΪλ·硣
̨ϣǺһϲȻֳҶȥ
ڽļζУδζռϷ磬ԣռϷ磬ȫѹҶ򣬴ʱҶ޵УǾȫûл֮
ܿ죬ΪǺ껶Щ޵Ļ£ԽսԽԽ˷ܣԽսԽ
һᣬҶͻȻ괫һӵˣ
ҶĻ㶣ʱԴЩһҶʱЩɣҶʵˡΪоղҶȭʱȫġʱԼǿսʤҶģ
ȫͷԷˣΪ˿ѾȫҶеĳ֣˵Ǳʶȥˣ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻҲˣ
Ҷס㷴ˣ
ʲôڲڣϻˣս
죡
£仹δعһֱӺĸھѪ˵˳ȥڷɳǧɺײ̨ԵķֵĹĻϡ
죡
Ļһڵأһ鴤Ȼֱӻ˹ȥ
ԭأղҶѹƣڣǺת۾Ѿˡ
תҲ̫ͻȻˣ
ҶһԶڵϵĺ꣬ȻҡҡͷʾԷӣԷˣ
ⲻǴŵé
ʱǹį̃ϣĩһҶȻ壬Сʤ˵ţ˶٣ֵȥϢһ°ɣһ֣ûôˣ
ҶŹĩ˱ȭлѣ
˵꣬ҶתԾ˱̨
ʨ񾳻лӭʨЦϲ
ҶЦǼͣ
ʨ˵˵ͷ˵Ҫ󲢲ߣԣѹȻûôرǻɣܹ֣Ѿˡ
ʱ䣬ԽԽȣΨһȽϿϧǻɣڵһ־ֱӱ̭ˡԴˣȻԸʧȴ٣Ϊ֪ԼĲ㡣֪ԼĲ㣬ֻҪŬܹԼõ
Ȼɱ̭ˣǣʨȴڵһֵıʤˡ
Ǻþһʨ񾳷׷ױ̭ʨԸԳĽǰʮǿʮʨ˵ǶѾˡ
ֹһ죬Ѿ¯ˡ
ֱǣЫĿĪаѩħԳĿԳԼѪѪġҶĶ־˵һ
̨ϣĩɨһۿĪаˣȻǩɣ˭鵽һ˭С
óˣ
ʱѪѪͻȻվ˳Ұɣ
ԣ·ҶһѪģԼԷû𰡣
̨ϣĩȷ
Ѫĵ˵ͷȷ
ĩĪаˣû
Īаû
ŮӣҲѩҲҡҡͷʣµǿԳһѪģȻû
ĩ˵ͷȻҶأǻǿԳǩ
ͷˣΪ˭ԿѪѪҶ
ҶһѪģȻû
ĩԥ£Ȼ˵ͷȻûǿʼɡʤ£̭
£ĩһʧԭء
̨ϣѪĵǵսֻɫţ𣿡
ɫţ
Ҷ㶣Ȼ룬ܿ죬ˣԷ˵ľֻսثֵֻɫţ
ҶѪģʶ
Ѫĵ˵ͷѣʵǿԽģȴΪԵʣǰ˳ˡ
ԣΪģϸԵ
Ѫĵ˵ͷ㲻֮ǰҲ˷ڣҾãǿһսˡ
Ҷʼ磬ǳְɣ
Ѫĵָıɣ
ҶҡҡͷҪ
ѪĿҶãȻţǣң㡭
㲻֣Ҫ˷ʱ䣡
ҶҡҡͷȻǾҳְɣ
£ҶһֱӳѪĵǰȻһȭѪĺ˹ȥ
ѪҲûлָ壬ȻͬһȭҶ˹ȥ
죡
һӴ˱˿һ̣ҶȴٴϣȻһȭѪĺ˹ȥ
ܿ죬ڳ޵Ŀ֮УѪֱӱҶĽڽڰˣһᣬѪѾƵ˱̨ıԵȻҶǹϴ
һ̣ɫǰЫĿĪаѩħԳĿԳʱɫҲޱȵء
𣡡
ʱѪͻȻһţһֻȫѪľǳҶǰ
ѪĶһŭХȻָı壡
ҶҡҡͷҪĲҪ
Ѫɫ˲㿴ң
Ҷ
ʱѪֵ죬ָı壬ǹƽһս
ʱҶͻȻ˵ˣҪǲҪ㻹Ҫʲô壿ھ͹ˣ
ޣ


1536 ǿʶþˣ

ţǳţ
Ǵʱ޵뷨
Ҫֻ֪лָ󣬲ܹӳʵڱʱǵʵǺȫӵġ
ڣҶ˵ûָܴѪģĴѪģʵɾеֲˡ
УҶĻѪɫʱޱ
ûڷϻһŭȻһâҶֱײ˹ȥ
һײֱõΧĿռҼ
Ҷ˫΢Уֽճȭһ̣һȭ
ٽ磡
ٽ磡
һȭǰеĹĩ˫ͻȻ˿ĩǱ̨ǿĪаѩħԳĿԳɫһ䡣
ȻǷҶٽ磡
䣡
޵Ŀ֮УѪֱӵɳȥײǹĻϡ
䣡
Ļһ·Ҫһ㡣ѪҲڵ棬ܿվǣվҶǳǰȻһȭ
죡
ǸվѪٴαҶһȭ䵽ǹĻϣȻҶû֣ͣҽ͵һ̤˵˲ѪĵǰȻһȭ˹ȥ
ѪֱӱҶǹĻ򣬶Ѫģһ㻹֮ûУ
һ̣ɫرǿĪаˡʱ֪ǵ͹Ҷصĵ͹ˣ
ǰĹĩɫҲ֪Ҷ࣬Ҳ֪Ҷʵܲǣû뵽ҶʵȻ˵ĿֲѪĵʵǼΪģУҲ㣬Ǵ˿Ҷǰȴ֮ûУ
ҪǣҶõȫҶΪ࣬϶ǻֶεġ
ǹĩɫصԭ
̨ϣҶͣˣΪʱѪѾһϢ
ʤѷ֡
Ҷת߻ԭλʱį̃ϡĩһҶȻܲ
ҶЦЦǫһһ㣡
ĩ΢΢ͷȻսСʤ
į̃µʨ˶ʱʨˣлҲڸŻ
һϲľǳϵˡҶ֮ǰȻЩۣǣҲֻЩ۶ѡڣҶɲֻˡڣǷǳǳۡ˵֮󣬡Сĸֽᴫ

֮μᣬһĿģ
£˭룿
УҶʤʱΪǰѾ۵Ľ֣ҪϢʱ䡣ֻдҶ״̬£ܹӳԵʵҲܹһʵıԡ
ı
Ҷʨ˷ֱصԼڡ

һ
СûгգھҪ䳹׵գֻҪ䳹գƼȭͻõһʵɱ䣬ʱƼȭֻܲһȻ϶ǱȲһֻصġ
ֻһֻֻܶؾһвǣһֻأǿܹɱֻؾģ
ϧǣ⻹ֻǰ벽Ԫˣһֻأڻ޷
ʱڣ׼ҶüͷͻȻܿ죬˺صʵ
ʱڵڲţˣ
ҶһӣϵĽƽܿ죬һ˽ӣҶħԳǿԳ
£Ҷʡ
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ҶȻ֪Է˵ٽ磬ЦЦò˵Щ޵ԸֱԷУȻѧֱʡ
Ҷ˵ԳֵǿԽ
ҶЦҡҡͷУѺѧ˵٣ٽ磬˵ٽ編ѧٽ編򣿷ҪġȻҶȽ⣬н򣬿ֱӸƣ;
ǣԳûС
ԣԷҪѧǲһѡȻҪǣԷ׷ǹʣô̶ܽԷأ
ԳȻֵʲô˵ֻҪܹģҶԸȥ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʵҪĶܹϵĶûУڵ۹Ǻĸߣһ㶫ǱĿˡ
ԳĬһ㣬Ȼǿдд裿
Ҷ룬ȻԣҲ
Գ˵ͷȻһֱʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰһȭ
һȭ
򵥣ֱӣ
ҶûжͬһȭſԳ˹ȥ
䣡
ֻȭͷһӴ˿ҶԳˡԳʮɣҶʮɣ
Ҷ·磡
ԶҶ˫΢УԳЩˡȻûٽ磬ǸղһȭûȻȫһȴ·磬ԳѪǿĿɲֹһ㣡
ʱԳǿһУ
ҶȻףԷڽٽ硣
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷһֱ̣ӳ˿ԳǰȻһȭſԳ˹ȥ
ٽ磡
ٽ磡
Ҷȭͷһ̣ΧĿռһ̶ȭͷ̺֮ŤãǴ磬ռ쳣ļ̣λ棬ҶһȭõΧĿռˣ
ҶһȭǿԳɫֻսȭϣͻȻһƬһ̣һȭ͵سҶȭͷ˹ȥ
죡
һҶԳͬʱŸԵĺ˿ͬʱһ˵мͬˮһ㱬ΧĿռƵĺ£ʱһҼţ
ãнָƽ
ʱǿԳǿ
ҶҲǿ
Գ΢΢ͷ
˵꣬ת뿪ҡ
УҶĬԳȫΪղһȭٽûռˣܹоĳԳûгȫԷԷȫղһν棬ܻҪ·磡
ãҶһһУ϶жֵģǣУһУ϶಻ġϾһƵ壡
ҡҡͷҶջ˼׼ʱһͻȻ˽
ֻؾǿߣ
ҶԷǣ
ЦЦʲôЦȻϵңǿʶþ˵ģ
ʶþ˵ģ
Ҷüͷһ۶ԷȻٴҡҡͷȷʶ㣡壬ʶþ˵ģֻһǾĭС䣬ǰˣĭС䣡
˻ҶҸһλᣬ룡
ԣҶֻ


1537 ·ˣ
Ҷǰһֻʮ꣬Ҷüܽ棬Σ俴һ͸˵ңޱȡ
ֻؾǿߣ
ҶãȻҡҡͷȷʵûм㣡
չһЦȷûмң
Ҷ˵ͷȷ
峤ͻȻ
Ҷסˡ
峤
ҶɫЩѿˣʲôݣĴȴʶ峤ⲻЦ
Ҷ֪Լ¶ˣңû취ΪѾȷʶԷ·ˡ
ΣҶЦЦȻǰô
ô
ЦЦȻСһôΪʲôð壿
Ҷʱھ˵塣
ֻ
Ҷ˵ͷǣ
ҶãȻЦã㡣˵֪ڵ֪ǰʱʵһȻѯʱŷ֣岢ûһСС򡯵ġԣҾû뵽Ĳġò˵Щʧ
ȻʧģҶĻǶ˵һĺ£Ϊζţ彫ˡȻʧˡǰһġ
Ҷð壬ҲԣǰţҶûж⡣
·
Ҷһֹͣ壬ҹ㲻ģΪûκεĹϵ
ҶĬãȻڶأԼĻ鷳»ܴܶ࣬ȻڵǿǰģǱǣȷȷʵʵࡣңҲ䱸
ĿʥأöԷ䱸Ļʱȥ˿϶Ҳʲôɲˡ
ڶ
ЦǾǣġ
Ҷʲô˼
˼ǣҳģһΣսҲȷʵǴսף
ΪʲôҶʡ
УײĴڣ֪ܲ壬һֻؾǿߡһûرɫġ£Ȼᱻѹǣһ˲õŵĻЩѹı壬ҪѹĻ͵õˣ
Ҷˡ
չֳʵǱѾСĻЩ϶ǲѹġҪ塣
ʱֵһĿģһģһһ˲õţ˵һּԣҪð壬ͬ⡣ǣһҪ˵˶Ҫ飬һƲϵ
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΢΢һЦҲű̬ģǣҲ˵㲻ġϣǺ죡
ҲϣҶҪҪһʵݣ֮䣬ǻݡ
˵ͷʱ䣬һǣһЩ棬ҿԸһЩǣҲŰ㡣
⣡Ҷ˵ͷ
һҶʲôԥ£ûʣת뿪Ҷң
һĻҶ΢ɣʵµ֮ǰʲôġ϶ǲģԷôʵʱǾζţԷµݡ룬ģҪð
ãԷûʣ
ȻԷҲΪ
ߺҶ̽˺ڡ

Ҫһµʱ䣬Բ
֮ǰǿԳĽ֣õףЩűҪǿ̫̫࣬ڲý£ЩȣûһƣҪ֪ղʩչٽ綼ûֵð
ɣҶÿľǲϻȭȻÿռ佫
ʱһһȥת۱ǹһ¡
һµʱҶϦ⣬ʱ䶼ϰ𡣾һµϰȻȻûдﵽԲȴѾܹųɵһȭڶԷϣȭΪƼȭԵʣֱԷ࣬Է֮󣬻ͬһӶԷڵⷴ
ڣֻؾǿӲһȭһȭѶԷһ̯࣡
ڵֶһɱﵣ
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ʨôУǿǶѹһģ㲻ֵǿѪ޹鰡
ǣ
Ǻ˵ĿͻȻѾȫҶѹˣҪ㲻õһԺĵóԲˣ
ȫѹңҶԿľ֣
Ȼ
ʨЦҲһСϷ޶ڲ룬˵õһʿǸߵˣһģߵһǶô㰡
ȻҶ֮ǰֵķǳۣǣ֮ǰɽʱҶĳɼڣӦ˵еҵԣ޲ô֮ǰֵĻۣʻߣ
ҶһۣȻʣȫѹˣ
ȻʨЦҲѹǳԸĲݾˡģ̫ѹ
Ҷ˷ۣǵųԲݰɣ
ʨһ磬ɱô棬ˣɲǳԲô򵥣οѪģǲԼȫѹϣн࣬ҪˣԺûǵ֮ˣΪǷ̫̫ˣǻ𰡣
Ҷһֻ֣һǵĽƷһ룡
̫ˣ
ʨһ¾㡭
Ҷʼ磬Ȼʱҿɾͷˮˣ
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ʨ˵ͷȻɫͺãˣұ˷ʱˣ߰ɣ
ܿ죬һǵı䳡ϡ
ʱѾۼޣһҲʵ
һΣȻŹ
̨ϣĩһҶˣȻ֮ǰʲô˵ģ
ߵǿԳս˳Ŀ꣬һ
ףԲɶš
Գ
Գһ
УŭȻЩǳݿԳġ
ĩĿѩϡ
ѩҪôҪôһ

Уѩĳ߶ʱź
һᣬĩ˿Īа
ĪаһѩԳȻ˭һŪ˭
Լǿ
·ĪаЩ߷׷ź
ܿ죬ĩҶ
ҶĬһ˲ȻЦõڶ
ҶĻסǹĩҲס
ʱҶɨһǿĪаˣֵ˭ҵһ
Уʱѻȸ


1538 أ
УĿⶼҶϡ
õһ˭ҵڶ
ò˵仰ţǳţ
ܿ죬޷׷׺
壬ǿߣǿߣҶ֮ǰչֳʵѾõЩϿɣˣ˵仰ʱûھڿڳԡ
Ҷô˵Լʵģǳģ
ĪаѩǿԳǿһҶ˴֮䶼ǱȽϤģǣҶһ㶼Ϥ
ҶУеء
˲η壡
ͬģǶԼҲͬģ
̨ϣĩһҶȻǶԼģܺáסһϱ̨Ըڳǩ
£ĩһӣһɫӳҶ˵ǰ
һӣĵ˵ͷɢȥĸֳ˵ͷ
Ҷͷһһ֣һǿĪаҲ˵Īаֳһʤ
ܿ죬ֻ̨ʣҶĪа
ԶĪаҶҿƥܲһڵף
ҶЦĿԴ
Īа˵ͷָ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷҪ
ĪаҶãȻҲҪ
ǻָ壬Ҷûлָ壬ĻʤˣҲʤ֮䡣
ҶҡҡͷԻָģ
㲻ñ壬Ҳã
Īа˵꣬ҶȥҶȥһǿѹ˳УȻͬɽһ㳯Ҷѹȥ
ò˵ȷʵǿǶҶ˵ҲΪ̫̫ǿ̫ѹ
Ҷǰ̤һȻһȭ
䣡
ĪаŪǹѹ˲ɢʱǿĪаͻȻҶǰţһһҶʶľһȭ
ͣ
죡
һըҶĪаԳ˰ɡ
УҶͷ˿ԼǰǰһѪۣȻûгƿƤȴѾƤҶ̧ͷǿĪаʱڿĪаУһذסҶЩ㶣Ϊû뵽޾ȻҲҪ֪Ϊֹޣȭͷġ
ʱǿĪаͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰͬʱһڱ̨һ
죬ǳĿ죬쵽޶ûпذף
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Ĭһ˲Īа̧ͷҶǿ
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䣡
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ڳ޵ע£ǿĪаҶǽڽڰˡ
ѹƣ
ʱĿĪаѾȫҶȭͷѹס
ĳǹĩų̋ϵҶɫֻ֪Ҷһޣһࡣһ࣬ӵôǿһǳֲ顣رǴʱҶĴС
ԺҶǺεȵĿֲ
Ҷģ
ȽϵĵĵطȻûҪҶ˼ϾҶеˣֲûӵˣ϶ὫԼĴһ岻ġ
̨ϣսڳ
޾ûһʧˡʱǿĪаȫѹƣѾûл֮
ƷչȥĪаֻʱ⡣
˲һӺ
䣡
̨ϣͻȻһǿƣţһͷߴɵĳɫЫ˱̨ϡ
ָˣ
ڱҶȫѹŴ󣬿Īаǻָ˱塣ʵѾԤϵˣΪĪаָĻûϣ˵ġ
ָ壬һϣ
̨ϣҶһǱĳɫЫһ̣һǳɫЫȥ
ʱǻָĿĪаͻȻֻצҶ˹ȥ
Ҷû˱ܣȻСǣɲСֱӽԼһöڵȻֻצײ˹ȥ
䣡
߸һӴ޵Ŀ֮УǻָĿĪаˣҶȴҲ˳ȥһ̣ҶһתȻٴγſĪа˹ȥһΣҶȭͨȭٽ磡
ٽ磡
ڵľʵٽһʩչʮζû⣡
䣡
ǳɫЫӲҶһȭֱ׷˳ȥײǱ̨ĹĻϣĻһͬһ㡣
һĻѾԭء
û뵽ĪаָȻҶѹŴ
̨£·ǿԳһۣȻֿǿĪаڲʩչĵƣɾҪˣǿĪаѩеƵģĪаڶõƣȻá
ȻǣĪаڲãܾûԺˡ
̨ϣҶһٴγǿĪа˹ȥʱǿĪаЫβͻȻҲһ̣ЫβֱӳҶȥ
ٶȿ쵽˼£
Ҷʶһȭ
죡
ǿĪаЫβ˲䱻ɣǣȴͻȻһ˿Ц⡣
̨ϣҶͣҶȭͷϣһĴָ˿ڣȻЫβ¡
˿ڶҶ˵Ȼ㲻ʲôǣһβͬΪҶֱԼٶڸţ

ԶǿĪаͻȻЦأʮڣֻʩչһΣֻؾǿ߶մϣģΣɡ
ʱ·ĹĩͻȻҶ䣡ֻҶ䣬ܹÿĪаҩҶһ
Ҷ·ĹĩһۣȻЦЦţĪаĶأҲǹġϧ򶾲֣
£ҶֱϵЩ֮ʧӰ٣ͬʱҶֱѾָˡ
㣬ôܡĪаҶš
Ҷ˵ͻȻüͷΪָղЩڱСպСֽЩظ˻֮ǰһǣЩشʱźЩźĶѸٱա
ЩźĶرգϢ
Ҷһ㶣Ҫư


1539 е㲻˼ˣ

ʱڵЩźĶڷĴ̼壬ľ飬֪Ҫף
Ҷϲ
ڱĵطǴ£뿪Ȼߡǣ壬Ŀ֮£Իᱩ¶Լݡ
ڽǻṦһ
ѹƣ
ҶæڣСУЩջȥڲܽĲܡ
Ĭһ˲Сֹͣ˼Ҷ;ͬʱЩҶڴ̼Ҷȫ˺ڡ
һĻҶʱһ
Ҫǳ̾磬϶ǻᱩ¶ģҪǣ̣֮ۿ϶ɲǺڡңڳ߾Ҳû̫İաûжãڵҪһ£ȥߣ
ȵǺõģ
Ȼʱ޷ߣҶҲÿϧΪЩںڣֻҪҪʱá
ôģʱԶǿĪаͻȻ
Ҷջ˼ǿĪаЦ˵ˣҰٶ֣
ĪаҶãȻӮˣ
䣡
䣬ܶʱǿɳܵģǣܶʱǲɳܵġڵĿĪа䣬ǲɳܵġΪˡѾԼǿĵƶóˣȴȻκβҶ
ʱҪ򣬽Ǳ
ĩ˱̨ϣһۿĪаҶ壬Сʤ
£޶ʱУʨҶѣҶܿĪаȻ˵ġ
ҶŹĩ΢΢ͷȻת뿪˱̨һսʤǰѾס˼ֻҪǰ㹻ˡǣû뵽ʨǰһﾹȻмҵѹϡ
ڣһôҲһˡ
ʱǿԳͻȻ˹ԳһҶϲ
ҶЦ
Գҡҡͷѣ
Ҷôûģ
ԳЦȻУֻǣܲ˽λģɲ򵥣ô֪ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷĿԴɣ
Գ΢΢ͷȻתȥ
ʱѩҲҶǰѩһλŮӣòĻҶһĿǷǳƯģرѩ˫ȣһŮҪ࣬ȴԵúܹ֣ԵúУ
ѩһҶǰδ㣡
͵
ҶЦ峤˵ˣҪ͵һ㡣
͵
ѩ΢΢ͷǾ˵꣬ת̨ȥ

ҶһѩŮ˺š֪Ů˵ʵ̹ǿԳʵԷʵǺܲģ棬϶ԶǿĪаġǣŮȴȻ˵š
򵥣
̨ϣڹĩʼ󣬿Գѩʼս˶ûлָ壬εķʽս
̽
ڶ̽ûġ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʵڵģ̫ϲսʽղĪаսʱȻûƣǣҲûֱ̽Ӿٽз񹥻ԣĪа֮սʱͽˡ
ڣѩԳսҪ򼸸ʱ
ҶҡҡͷڵأȻʼú޸Լ֮ǰĪаһս̫ѾЩƣҪԼָΪһӲսҪ
ܹý˵ģǿԳѩ˵ֻһ顣ϧý
Լһʱ󣬱̨ϵѩԳսԽԽңȻ˫Ҫˡ
Ҷ۾˱̨ϣһᣬ֣ѩȷʵ򵥣ѩǺܿ죬ȴܹ졣֣һĨĻ꣬ʱ⣬ʱǣõǿԳ޷ȫ
ĳҲ򵥣עصĲҪÿһγֱ֣ԳҪÿԳսǵսľģΪֻҪһΣҲòУ
ãҶҡҡͷԳˣ
Ҷԣʨ⣬Ϊʲô㿴Գǿѩһֱ˱ܡ
ҶԳռϷ磬ʵԳΣķвעͻᱻŮһŮ˺ܲ򵥣ﳤ̣ܶյУ⣬ȫྭõ·
ࣿ
ʨ㶣Ȼ㲻˵һûоһ˵ҷ֣Ҳеడ
ҶƤһô˵
ʨΪʱ֣͸ѩһϲҶԷ㡣϶ôôǿ
ҶЦЦû˵
̨ϣսԽԽңʱǿԳȻû֣һȭһȭͣڿԳȭͷÿһλӳҪ֮ǰҶʹٽʱҪǿࡣ˿̨̣ϵĿռһ̶ǱԳȭͷؾҼ
Ȼѩȴͬһֻһ㣬δζ˿ԳȭͷʱʱĸԳһ
ˣʱԵЩǱķǿԳ
̨£ҶĬһʮᣬǣ̫עעؼɣǾͿܱǧ˿̣Գͱѩǧˡ
Ǽɣٶȣעأܹһ£ܹһȭƬռ䣬ǲ˵ʲôٶԵǰġǣܣǿܾͻᱯ磡
һӺ
ѩһڿԳǰԳֱӵ˳ȥʱѩֱϣȻſԳһ͹
䣡
Գ޵Ŀ֮У׷˳ȥ˵ϡδѩͳǰȻֵ˿Գü䡣
Գˣ
ѩջƣ̫עԼɣǶд˵еĽޣܹһ򷨵ĽޣôĶ֪
һ򷨣
Գһ򷨣
ѩҡҡͷǣѧ
ԳĬãȻˣϲ㣡
ʱĩ˱̨ϣ壬ѩʤ
·޶ʱĻֱ
ĩ΢΢ͷϢһ£ʱһԣ
ѩ΢΢ͷȻ˱̨
ҶԣʨСŮ˲򵥣ûаգ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣӦаɣ
ʨ
ʱĺܿ죬תʱȥҶѩ˱̨ϡ
ĩһҶѩȻȭۣǣǶţϣܹ㵽Ϊֹ˵ţ⿴һҶҶأȫ͸ң񵱳˿ҶԣҶ
Ҷ˵ͷֻǱԣȻֲ֣ɥĲ񡣵Ȼǰѩ֡
˵ԭǱôôԱˣ
Ҷ棬ѩһһУɣ
Ҷ㶣Ҫ
ѩҲã
ҶҡҡͷûУ
ѩͻȻһӣһҶǰˣ
ҶǰĽ˺һᣬȻסǱҾе㲻˼ˡ


1540 Ҷ
⣬ǳ⡣
Ҷû뵽ѩһѽЩɶԷǲǷˡ
ʱѩͻȻֵҿĳ֣Ҳóʹüɣԣɣҿѧ˼ɣ
ҶĬһ˲ȻָһеǱɻصѩǰã
Ȼǲýģһýݿ϶ᱩ¶ٽ޵ݿ϶ᱩ¶Щǿ߿ɲϹӣûýԷ϶һޣýô϶ҲᱻԷֵģ
ǽޣһýʱ˵ʶ᲻һ
ԣ⽣϶ǲõġ
ѩһڣбָ棬ֱҶְɣ
ҶҲҽ͵һ棬ͬһöڵһ㳯ѩȥ
ʱԶѩ˫ͻȻͬ붨һ㡣
ҶѩǰһȭѩʱѩûȥҶһȭͻȻֱҶǰ죬꣬ͬŭĶߡ
ҶȻԼģɵȥӲӶԷĽԷ֪ǶԷǸҳ֤ԷԼĽҲġ
Сʻ괬
Ҷȭգ˳ƻƳһģһģֱѩĽ֮ϣһֱӸı˽ƣʱҶƻȭֱѩǰѩӦҲһתеĽʱͬԲһбҶ֡
Ҷȭȭͷѩǰǣѩ⽣ܻὫֱ۴м룡
ʱҶҽͻȻһȻżŵ棬ͬʱֳһֱӼסѩĽѩҪ˳һʣֱֱӽʶʱҶҽͻȻ͵һţֱײѩϡ
죡
һײѩֱӱҶײ˰ɿ⡣
ʣһΣҶռϷ硣
Ҷû֣ͣһֱѩǰʱѩͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾͬʱһֱĺ󱳡Ҷɫ䣬żһ㣬ԭһתȻһȭǰ˹ȥ
һΣѡӲӲҪȷһѩ
ȭײһ̣ѩҶŸԵĺˡ
ܿ죬˫ͣ
Ҷٶɣѩ˲ɣ
ԶҶ˿Լֱۣʱ֣Լֱ۾ȻЩ顣Ҷ̧ͷѩһֱΪѩĽߵǷû뵽ԷߵĸǷû뵽ǣѩȻ˵ǿ
֮ǰѩԳʱԿԳǸ͵ѩһֱöķʽˣһִǾ϶ǣһĻõ֪ǿ
ѩ΢бָ棬ǰȥһҼʶǿߡǱ壬һƣǾǣкơǶѧϰô졣ǴһЩǿʹǵҲסǴһЩɣʹԶǵǣȴܹսʤǣ
˵ţ˶٣ֵ㻹ǿԳǶ̫עǵŵ㣬Ҳǵȱ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ĺܶԣעǲġ˵⣬Ҷ˶٣ֵղ˵ȥ壬Ҳ˵Ž֡Ķǽ𣿡
ѩ˵ͷɣ

ҶסȻǵ꽣޼ϸ˵ǽĸ˼ҳвǸͲ֪ˡ
ʵڽûʲô롣
Щˣӽ޼϶Ҳʵû˼ҷӵʸƾ轣ӡܹշδ̫ЩһԲԼĶӲκλ룡
ңҷǳǳţǣǲţ
һ㣬ʵֻҪҶǿ㣬ʱȥʲôӣʲôĸȥӣȥǣûʵ㵱ʲôҲᱻŪģ
Լ
Զѩֵ壬ȻŽᣬǣ֮У˲űһŽһǳµ顣ˣ˵֮Уֳһλ˽Ҷ𣿡
Ҷ
Ҷһ£ȻǸһ㣡
ѩ΢΢ͷŴ˴λɱ˴磬ɱֻؾǿϵĴ磬ʵǴδ̫Щ
Ҷ˵ʱ·ͻȻŭǻ򲻴򣿡
򣬿򣡡
һǿ˰ɡ

Щ޵ĻҶѩڨЦЦҶ£´ںú̸ɣ
ѩ΢΢ͷһֱ̣ʧԭأţâʡʮͽҶ
ѩĲǽޣûн⣬ǣĽȴǼǿһЩӵнĽ޻Ҫǿ
˵ѩĽЩ࣡
ҶʵĽޣֻ˵ùˡѩѧϰһ򷨣ҶǽͨԣԷҪķʽڳ˵Ρ
ҶֻսȫУһ̣͵תһȭǰһȭ
һĻ˶סˡ
ΪѩҶǰҶȴתȭҶԴǻ
Ǵʱе뷨
ȻһĻȴ˶סˡ
ΪǱҶǰѩͻȻҶҲǴʱҶǰʱҶȭͷպѩǰѩǿҶȭͷײƵģ
䣡
һѩֱ׷˳ȥ
ʱҶҽ͵һ壬˵˲ǻ׷ɵѩǰȻں߻δӦʱֱһָ˺ߵüĴһָȻû
гװ
Ϊѩˣ
̫ͻȻЩĪ
ҶǰѩֱֱҶΪʲôȻָ֮ǰҶΪܹ֪Ҷ󹥻
Ҷջ֣Цֱ𣿡
ţѩ
ҶЩҪˡ˵ţ˶ֵʵֻǣν죬ҪϰȻױ˷·
ѩҶãȻ㿴ҵͼ
ҶЦЦû˵ǿԶĹĩ΢΢ͷȻ壬Сʤ
ĩĻ·ʨ˶ʱ񺿽˷ܵӣǵ˵һƵġ
𣡡
ʱͻȻһţһɫͻȻƲ˳׾ǳĴɳ
ֺһɿֲѹ˳Уû·Щޣʹˣ·޻ǸоЩ
壬ӦҶԣѩ
Ӧ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ˵ʱ׾ͻȻڣ˭һ
޵ĿҶϡ
׾ĿҶϣȻҿһǸʲôɫ
£һֱӳ·Ҷѹȥ
Էֱӳ֣ҶһĨɭ亮â
ⱲӣľǱǰװˣ


1541 һûս
ҶȻǲʾҽ͵һ棬˻һ
У޵Ŀ֮УҶһȭȭǹǿֱӱҶһȭ飬ţҶٶȲĳյĹӦ˹ȥ
һĻ·޶סˣ
û뵽ҶȻҶԹӦ֣
Ӧ˭
ǿһ۷֮һУӦڴ˵
ΪʲôǲμӣΪ̫ǿ
ڣЩû뵽ҶȻҶԹӦ
ţ
ʡ
׾ҶһȭʱһĨ죬Ȼû뵽Ҷ׾ٵľͺҶʱ޴ʱУɭɱ⣡
ϣơ
Ҷ˾٣ϣ
һŭһֻצƲ˳Ȼ·ҶȥһצצЯĿֲõ޾÷·Ҫһ㡣
·ʨɫޱȽ
Ҷܹסһצ
ʣҶûжٶȲֻצ໹аʱҶֽճȭȫһѸٻȭСһ̣Ҷ͵һȭ
Ƽȭ
ڼͷʱҶ֪ٽԶԷûãˣʹƼȭңҲ뿴ԼƼȭ
Уȭצײ
䣡
һʺȻ쳹ţʵĿռͻȻһҼ·Ҫһ㣬ƺޱȡ޾㵵Ŀ֮Уצ֮ϵЩӲֱӹѿȻϸСƬ׹£ͬʱֻצֱӱҶһȭ˻ȥ
ʯԭء
һν棬Ӧˣ
Щޣ·ǹĩҲţ֮ǰѾֳҶ׼ˡ
ҶȻǿǣҶľſ϶вСġҪ֪Ӧּţ˵壬綼ܹŵϺŵġǣû뵽ҶȻ˵ǿ
ĩһӾԲһ࣬ѹֱУ
ʡ

ʱƲ֮УͻȻ˹Ӧŭ֮Уŭ޵ǰҶһȭԼƬԹӦ˵޷ܵġ
ε£Īװʧܣ
ʣӦȻưոݣһڣһ޴βƲֶ֮ȻЯ޾ѹ·Ҷɨ˹ȥ
ʢŭ֮£Ӧû֣β֮ռֱӱɨŤ
Ŀռļ̣ܹռɨŤΣɼѾֲ˺̶ֳȡ
УҶǷһĨ˵һУⱲӻû¹˭
Ҷҽ͵һգ˵ֱӳβ˹ȥʱ򣬽ʲôɶûõģΪӦǳǿڲý£뼼ܶԷǳ˵Ρ
ɣ
УҶֽճȭȻһȭ
ȻƼȭûСֻǵƼȭ֮ԲΪý£ĵơƣҪڹؼʱòУ
޵ע£ҶȭͷӦֻβٴκһ
䣡
УһȻ𣬽ţҶֱӵ˳ȥȻǹӦβҲǱҶĵأͬʱβϣɫ۲䣬ȻƬ׹£
ԴѾһƬհף
˵壬ǿ϶һʱ뵽ǾӹɵġҲȷʵȻ岻˵ԼзǿģǣǾܹŵýǰ
ӦΪһţǷӹɵġ
ǽ죬ӦķȴǱһˣ
һƵ׾٣
ʣҶͣȻֳǹӦ˹ȥʱҶսѾˡ֮ǰǿĪаѩսûоˣ˿̣ʹսһս
ƲУʱĹӦ־ŭû뵽һȻ˵ǿԼķȻǿӲֻؾǿ߹ġǣʱȴһˡ
ʱȻŭޱȣȴûɥʧǣ֪ԼˣҲ֪Լ֮ǰˡ
ܿ죬Ʋ֮УһȻʧţһɫ۵ӳҶǰ
ʹʱƣʱȴơΪ̫󣬻Ϊӣ
ӦûзϻһֱӳҶȥҶǰʱֽճȭȭͷϣ鲼ɫƬһΣƬһ㱡׹⡣
ҶûжֱӾһȭ
䣡
ֻȭͷһӴһɿֲ˱͵رȻҶӦسˡ
һΣӦȭͷϵƬδʧ֮ǰƬϵЩȴʧˡ
ԶҶ˿ԼȭͷʱȭͷЩ顣̧ͷӦò˵ӦʵǲġȻʩչƼȭǣδƼȭֱԷ࣬ƼȭƼף
ֱԷ࣬Ǿˡ
ڣ˫Բ֣϶õЩ޲
Ȼϲǿöǣܶʱǲֳġ֮ǰıԣѩǿԳǣû֣ڷֳʤ֮ͣ֡
ʣҶ棬ǹӦɫҶءղѾʩչԼһͨǣû뵽Ȼûֵá֪Լһˡ
ʣһۣһ̣˳ű˴˱ȥ
䣡
һ֡һ̣ҶȴٴγŹӦ˹ȥ
սһᣬҶ֣ԼȷʵӦǣƼȭֲһ㡣岻ܹܳӦȭͷͬģӦҲԼȭͷΪֻҪУӦضˣ
ҶӦļսҶеռϷ磬·Ѿˡ
Ҷȷʵǿǣû뵽Ҷǿ̶ֳȡ
˵һ¡Ϊ˵ľ
֮ǰıԱ˵սȫСҼң
˵Īʨ뻢ˡ֮ǰҶӦʵһ亹ϾӦɲһޣǶ˵ڴ˵ġû뵽ҶȻ˵ǿ
ҶǵѣҶǿȻˣ
ʣսûڳȥΪǹĩҶӦǰȻҶӦȥڴȥͻˡʱܾһˡҶǹӦϣ£
ҶȻ壬Ҷڵ޿еˣԣѾҶһˡ
ĩһҶӦȻ͵Ϊֹɣ
Ҷ˵ͷͷӵø˵ʱǹӦͻȻһûս
ҩζʮ㣡
ӦĻҶƢһ¾ˣ˭˭ӡ


1542 ߣ
ҶⱲӣû¹˭
ͷһӵģϾͷ֮ǰĪаսʱԷѹû뵽Ӧȴ֡
֣
ûϵǾʹ˭˭
Ҷ˵꣬ûڷϻһֱӳǹӦȥ
ӦҲûзϻֱӳҶ˹ȥս
·Щû뵽ĳϳ涼ûֹҶӦҲӦ֮УһֱǸ߸ϣһֻڴ˵ղţҶɽƶ
Ҫ֪·ԸޣղţҶĽ֣ѾЩ޿Ҫһ㣬ǸղҶʱ·ġ
ʤΣӲҪģ
ڹĩҪǰ֣ȻԸ⡣
սһҶӦĩҡҡͷȻûҲҲƢȻ֪ҶӦʱ̬
֪ʱǸ޷Ȱġǣڼȥ϶Ȼݱһԣ֡
һ̣ĩʧԭء
죡
ԶͻȻһըţǹӦҶһس˽ǧɡ
˵м䣬ǹĩ
ԶҶɫޱȣ˿ԼֱۣʱֱۣѾȫʧȥ֪
ǿ
Ҷǹĩǰͷֻؾǿ֮УѪŮ⣬ûκһλֻؾܹȵͷ˵ڣܹýһܹܶԷ
ĩһҶӦȻڹã½ĵ۰ͻˢ£ʱǽȥս۰Ҫȣͱȿ˭ܹΪȡһõΡڣʡɡ
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ǹӦһҶȻǹĩ΢΢һ񣬡ղӦʧˡ
ĩ΢΢ͷţţа⡣ǣҪһ㣬ܴǿκһˣǶӡһˣܻɥ
Ӧ˱ȭӦǡ
ȥɣĩ˰֡
Ӧ˵ͷȻתһʧʡ
ĩҶܲҷǳ⡣
ҶЦһ㣬һ㣡
ĩ΢΢ͷղӦδȫȻҲ֪϶ҲδȫôǶţ򲻿Ϊһʱݡ
Ҷ˵ͷңǲȥġ
ĩһҶȻǰ񾳣
Ҷ˵ͷ
ϲĩ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ĩΪҪˡ
ΪʲôҶǲ⡣

ʱʨҶԣȻΪһཱһкܴʽߡ
ߣ
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ߣ
ﵽߣʵõȵʱţ㲻ǿ⣬Ҳֻܹؾǿ߿⡣
ջ˼ҶĩȻٺЦ˵һʲô磬ĵһнġ
ĩһǲǿȥʥ£ǿ׳ڵûдﵽڵļޣȥ׳أ׳ؿԽڵļޡ
ܸһ¥𣿡Ҷʡ
ĩҡҡͷǱޣǿܣȫԸһ¥㡣ǣ̫ǿҪڽǳѡ׳أֻܽڵļޡȻˣǣѾܲˡΪʱȫǹӦ
Ҷ˵ͷʵҲ֪ڵҪһɱ䣬ǳˡǾ绹Խߣ·Խߵġ
Ҫȷȥ׳أʥ棿ĩʡ
ҶĬΣȻ׳ذɣ
壬ʵȥΪȥʱܲһ˳ġ
ĩ˵ͷ߰ɣȥ
£һӣҶʧԭء
ĽҶ֣ԣӦǡСѸٴ塣һѾǺ˲顣Ҷ޵עӦսһһռϷ磬ˣСֶʱͬһӡ
ҲΪҶԵʣΪĽ㡣Ҷĵλ峤

ҶŹĩɽ׳أν׳أǿռ׻һһ׳أĿȻΪ޵
վ׳ǰҶɫΪأУ׵类һУȻûµȴҲС
ȥɣҶԣĩ
ȥҶ
ĩȻΪأ
ҶڨЦЦһΪҪʲôʩء
ĩҡҡͷΪ˴̼ǻ̼ʲôס׼κԼԼһɵ״̬
Ҷ˵ͷȻһԾֱӽ׳С
죡
Ҷ׳أ׳ضʱˡ
Ҷʱĸоǽһˬָоľʲôζ
׵翪ʼ̼Ҷ
һԣĩҶ΢΢ͷһĨ͡׳صǿ֪ģһ޽Уᱻķ񺿽УʹʱҲǲҶȴüͷûһ£
˵壬嶼û
ʵ׳ȷʵܣǣҶ˵׳رķȴҪ̫̫ˡ
ķɣǲŽʹ
ˣ׳صĸɵǵʹ࣬Ĳʲô
ʱһһȥתʮȥ
ʮĳһ̣ҶͻȻ۾Ȼ׳Ծ˳
оΣһԣĩͻȻ֣ʡ
ҶһȻһԼ壬ãһЩ仯ǲ̫ԣ
ģ
ĩΪ֮ǰѾǳǿԣоôԡǣʵѾɱ䡣ڣѾﵽ𾳵۷壬պҪԼһ¥ͻԼࡣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ֪㳣ְɣ
뷨ܺã
ĩЦЦȻָһһöȭͷĹӳҶǰڷðɣΪ㻤
ҶӹǰĹӣȻǰԼͻơ
Ҫһĩ֮ۿɲǡ
ҶҡҡͷԼɣ
ĩҶãȻ˵ͷԣԼСһЩ˵꣬תʧԭء
ĩ뿪ҶһȻʧԭء
ߣ


1543 ǰ壡
ڡ
ҶڵУڷ²ʱҶڱͬʱ֮ǰҶӿĪаյЩҲӱڡ
ɾҶڷ̼Ҷ壬ģʼҶա
ЩգҶɢϢԽԽǿˡ

ν񣬾ָֻ̤ߡԣ֮ǵϣ񣬵ȻҲ
ҶȻе죬ǣڵѾǳȹ̣ҲΪˣŸҳߡ
ʵͬУҶĽٶȲ죬磬ͣȴѾﵽߵģȻǺܶ࣬ҲԲ١
ʱȻҲ֪ҪߣԴԴϵλ
ʱһһȥ
һº
ʱҶЩϢûԽԽǿǽʧˡڵϵҶȴͬʯһ㣬һ㶯ûС
ڶУΪСƵСͻȻ̧ͷһۣȻҡҡСԴǼһˡҶʵ͵סҲҶȥ档ΪҶȥĻ֮۶ϣҶ֮۶ϣⲻ뿴ġ
СûڹҶͷǰСߣȻֵ幹죬ģܲһءһӦòģԣǽ壬Ҽоо

ºںڶеҶͻȻ۾ţվ
һԣϦæ˹ô
֮У˽šһΣĲ֪ҶɹûгɹΪҶ̫ƽˡȫ£һûС
ҶϦ֣һʼϦ⣬Ǻܿ죬˫۽Ϊ֣޷ԣӦ˵ٶȱˣǳʮһ
ʱ䷨
߾
Ҷջ֣Ȼ£ʵڸ򣬸ʱ֮
˵£һֱڸ򣬸ʱ֮Ҳʱ䷨ʱ䣬Ҳһ翵ĶǳģֻͨĶܹ֤ĴڡҪò˵ǷǳѶȵġ
ڣҶǰҲʱ䷨ˣȻЩѶȣһͷûС
µĸνʱ䷨ʱ䷨ͱ˰֮ǵϣ˳Ϊߡ
ߣ
ﵽߺʵõȵҲõӡʩչǺӽͼõŵ⣬Ҳ׵õ˽ӵ߾ӵвǣֻһҲ˵ӰͻƵߣһ
ȻǱߣ϶ֹһģͬѰ񾳵ѾĲˣԣֻʣһ꣡
һܶ𣿶˵ǳĶˡǶҶ˵ҲǺӽͼѡ
ʵںܻɣǳɣɵĽ޼ǵɱģԼʩչǺӽͼûġ
Ѿˣǣǳ޷ܵǳ֮ġ˵ֻؾǿ߿¶ùǺ
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ҶںϦ´һᣬȻ˵ڶ㣬ʱС컹ΪСơ
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СӦúܿˡ
ԣҶһɣȻС죬ˡ
СգգۣȻǵҵ˵ģǸͽС½𣿡
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СЦԺǴ½ĽС½òã
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ʱСͻȻΪ˾ѣʱҿ۶ûչҲûȥˣҵĺۣۺۣҡ
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ԣСһЦãӦģڡ
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ˣҿɲССǽأʱСͻȻ
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С˵ͷǰССǿ϶ϲȻǾ棬ϾǻҪģżǽ䣡
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ΪԼܶԿǴ˵еʲô֮
˵֮һۣ֮СС͹һˡ
СĬãȻ˵ͷ˵Ķԣȷʵܱ֪Ȼܻд鷳òãʲôʱķǳˣȻʱǽ棿ô
ҶЦȻû⡣
СչһЦҾ˵һˣ
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ͣͣ
Ҷæסǲһ£ˡ棡˵꣬һֱ˳˺
Сһл˿Ȼȥһˣеˡ
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˵üͷͻȻȻִʲôأѽˡˣ
˵꣬תСߡ

Ҷ̺յ˹ĩĴţȥɽ
Ҷɽ󣬼˹ĩ˹ĩǿԳԼѩ
ǣҶ⡣
ܾˣԳЦ
ôҶʡ
ȥʥ֮ˡԳЦ
壬ʥ֮أ
Ҷ˫ֻ


1544 壡
壬ĵλɲһĸߡ˵壬綼պա
ʥ֮أ˵ĵطޣ඼Ϊá
νʥ֮أǿڵĵλÿٳһĻϵĴ֮ڼǿﲼˣʥ֮á
Ҫȥɲף˵ˣԼڲҪȥ̵ġ
ΪǴ֮ЩĻϵ޾ġ޽Ƶȡʥ֮һɷϵء
֮ԸǰţȻԵʡ
ȻѲƬ棬ǣӣ廹Ҫġ
ڹĩĴ£Ҷ˳
Ȼ򣬵ǣԼٳԼ磬ҲǷ򣬷򣬱˵࣬ޣû£ǲܽġ
·ϣĩȥ֮󣬴Ҷһ㡣
ҶĩôΣգ
ǵǣ
ĩҡҡͷֻܸ߰ǳĸ߰ԣ̬ϣǿܲǺܺá
߰
Ҷ˵ͷѾʶĭСĸ߰ˡŮɲһĸ߰
ʱĩֵ˴ģԣߣǳҪ鷳
Գ˵˵ͷҶȴǳĬ
һεĿľ壬Ȼ̽С϶䣬ֻҪҵС϶ͻ뿪塣²ô˳ġ
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ܿ죬˽˷
¶ȶʱߡڵĳҲõҶһ£ΪڷڣŻ档ʹɭ֣ˮǣŲ֪Ļ棬յƶ䶼ǻơ
ȫȫһ磡
ʱԶʣһֻͻȻԶʣֻ˼Ĵաֻ˳ֺ󣬳е¶ȶʱ֪ǹ⻹⣬һɻϯֱҶˡ
ԳǿĪаѩɫЩѿˣ岻Ѻð
ĩɫҪһ
ȻѾ䣬Щûһѹ˿ǲˡ
ĩǰ̤һֻƣȻһġ
䣡
һɿֲϯϣֺʵЩ˶ʱһĵɢ
ʱʵͷȻǱĩ˾ٸŭˡ˫͵һɿһɻֱӴ׹£ɲǼ䣬ƬֱӱһƬ𺣡
ĩ˫΢Уһֽ̣ճȭȻһȭʾһ䡣
䣡
һɿֲͬһԹĩȭͷϯƬʱƬ˲䱻飬Ȼ׹¡
ĩ̧ͷֻˣ֮
ʣͷһţһ˳˹ĩ˵ǰɨҶһۣȻĿ˹ĩϣųˣҲ뿴һǰ׵ʵѡ
ĩС㿴ʲôҪҵʵϷҲúöû˺úддˡ
ҩζʮ㣡
ĩĻɫʱĩȴӦսΪĩʵǿ̫ࡣ
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ʱĩֵ˷ʱˣȥʥ֮ذɣȻԸղŵЩˬҲֵ̫˸˶Էһ̨ס
ԣ˶ʱɫһɣȻ߰ɣ
˵ţתһɻʧ˲Զ
ĩҶȥ
һ·ϣҶϴܣò˵ҪҵС϶һǳѵ飬ΪһͷûСΨһİ취ģǣǿץһͷʣҪץٵץ߲㡣
ΪС⣬϶ǲһ֪ĴڵģˣУ϶ֻ߲֪С׵䡣
ץĸ߲㣬ҲζҪץֻؾǿߣ
ȻѾߣҪץֻؾǿߡףǳĲס
ҶҲûʲôЧİ취˵ֻһһ
ܿ죬˴£ʥ֮ء
ʥ֮أҲǵĵʥ֮ʱҶЩ𾪵ˡ
ǻϵߴ֮ǳǳľҪ֪ٱ
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˿һҶˣȻ£ºǱ뿪УҪߣȻǿܻžûˡ
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ǵȻˬ
ĩطԼҪǳѣڣȴǣ˵ǻˬ𣿡˵ţɨһҶˣΪϣŽط˵һᣬԣϧλɡΪ֮Ժǿܶлˣ
˵꣬ĩҪȥʱ뵽ʲôȻֵס𵽴ߣȻʵǣһ²һµĺã
ԳҶѩ˵ͷʾܡ
Ҷ˱֤ĩȥ
ʥ֮أвʮҡڹĩ뿪󣬿Գλº˵꣬һһҡ
ԳߺѩҶѾߣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
жǿѩʡ
ҶЦʲô
Ǻ棡ѩ
ҶЦЦҲ֪Լжǿ仰˵٣ΪߺûǿսԣҲ޷׼ȷԤԼʵ
ѩҶãȻ㲻ġ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴Ϊʲôô˵
ѩĬ
ҶЦҲʲô㡭
еˣѩͻȻ
ҶƤһŮˡ
ʱѩֵȥ壬ʶ࣬ĸо˵꣬û˵ʲôתһҡ
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֪ѩ϶ǷʲôǣⲢҪΪԷû֤ݡ
С
ҶڵأҪʱСͻȻ˳СɨһܣͻȻ۾һȻҪܡ
Ҷæסʲô
ССָָ⣬Ȼ̰֮ɫ

Ҷˡ
ż侫ĻϵСǻϵЩϵ϶аġ
Ĭһ˲ҶҪ͵͵͵͵ģñ֪𣿡
СգգۣȻƶǶص˵СԴ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻССɣǣ


1545 
ʱҶҲڷ
طȷʵãҲ˷ᡣ
СҲڷЩĻϵطС˵á
ҶûһֱȥΪȥɾҪˡ
ڵʮҶ뿪ҡ
ûԼĿģ
Ҫ֪϶С׵䣬ֻ·һҵĭС䣬ץһͷĸ߲㡣ץĭС仹ĸ߲㣬һ򵥵¡
Ҷ뿪ңʱСͻȻ˳ȻСָָصףȻǽȥ
ҶҡҡͷڲˣҪԺòã
СҡҡСԴȻСֱȻš
ܿ죬ҶüͷΪСҪȥ
Ҫȥ
Ĭһ˲ҶʣΪʲôҪȥ
С굽Ҷڣܿ죬˳Ȼָָصף֮⣬ޱĶ
Ҷ΢΢һ飬ûи𰸣ֻǽȥ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷȻ֪ʲô˼֪𲻻ẦңҲܺ棬ص׾ʲôȻõ⡣
֪𾿾ʲô𣬵ܹĶԲһ㶫
ǱصûúҶͽҽ硣
¶Ⱥܸߣǳĸߣãܹͦס
һʱҶͣΪʱΧ¶ȣѾ޷ˡҶɨһܣܽһƬҽʲôҲ
Ĭһ˲ҶͷųԼĽ⽫ԼȻصס
ֹһʱҶٴͣΪʱΧ¶ȣĽⶼ޷ˡ
ʱСͻȻ˳ţһŻסҶŻֳֺҶ֣ΧЩҽȻԶ˿ǼɵϵĻ֡
ҶС𣬼ҶСҶһЦ
Ҷ΢΢һЦСԴСĻҪҲʱСǱġ
Ҷ룬ԼʱҶͣ
ԶЩҽ֮УҶɭɫС棬ЩֻĴָСܶ࣬ϰٶ䡣
ЩС棬С۾ʱȻֱӷ˹ȥȻץסһСԼ͡
ҶЩǣЩС羹ȻûзϸһЩС磬֣ЩС̺ĻϵǳǳľСÿһС棬ɢϢͻǿһЩ
һ̣Ҷ˼ˡ
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СͻȻСգؿһǰЩ棬ȻɵСǰ
ССԴҪǣòã
СҧԼСָǾᡣ
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СһĨŭ֣
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Сνָ֣ƬؼлɻϵĻ磬ЩпܳΪϵ
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ϰٻϵʲô
ʱСͻȻ֪ЩΪβΪѾˡû´彫ǽȻﾫĻϵǣȵǳɳһ̶ȺȻǡ壬Ǻõ
ҶƤһСˡС첻ʱ޺һǷǳֲġҪ֪һŪϰٸ֮۵ġ
ʵô֣ҶҲЩ𾪵ġҪ֪Ͽǻһǿġ
鹬
鹬Щ֪ô֣鹬϶ưոݵġ
ץСף鹬ǷͷΪ鹬϶ԣǵÿԼ
ʱССԴǱһͲҪɱˣòã
СȻЩᣬǵ˵СԴʵôСĻֻ֪С첻ȻС첻ãͲ
С̧ͷԶЩС磬ЩСŪС½ȥ
Ҷ΢΢һȻǣ
С˵ͷС½⣬ȻûоĻϵȴбȻϵõǽȥ󣬿϶ܹܿġ
ԣҶ۾һϰʲô
û˿ԥҶæͷãǶŪȥ˵⣬뵽ʲôȻȲŪ壬ҪǰȫŪȥܻᾪǿߣ
ܹ֮Ϊ򣬽䣬õȫԼϢֻؾǿ߿ԣȻԷֲСҪǽЩȫߣ϶ᾪǿߡ
ûϵ
СҡҡԴǲֵᷢġ˵ţǰ̤һһ̣Ҷ֣ΧǷʲô仯ʲô仯Ҳ˵
ʱСһӣɲǼ䣬ЩֶʱһһûҶǰʮϢ󣬳лѾȫҶڡ
СҲҪҶڣȴǱҶס
ҶС죬ˣԣһһҪԼ϶Сף죬ԣֻСæ

С۾ʶ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǱץˣҲ֪ҿ

С΢΢˵ͷȻֻҪ壬Ҿܹҵ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
СһЦȣ⣬ΣҲ㣬
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Ҷ
ãСüͷţ۾Ȼ˵Ǹˡ
ģҶæʡ
Сָָ·棡
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£ҶҪȥʱСͻȻסȻ㲻ܿʲô嶯𣿡
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С˵ҶȴѾתһʧ˲Զ
Сһ̾塣
£һæȥ
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Χǳĳԣ֮ǰлҪԣʮΪԴԴϴС
СףСüͷһ壬ԴԴṩԴ⣬ɱȡѣ
ҶûйС죬ߵС׵ǰǰСף˫ֿʼССס
ûκλӦ
ҶתͷС죬СĬãȻԶҲѲˣ
ҶͫȻһΪʲô
СΪѾ룬൱걻룬ڵûֻ꣬бԴͷıԴһıԴͷųǸʱͽĶ츣ء
˵⣬С˶٣ֵٿ켸ʮˣЩûдﵽֻؾǿߣԽıԴֻأֻؾǿ߻࣬߿϶ࡣܵ˵ǸʱʵٻüΡ
Ҷ˫ۻϣãתǰСףǲַϣʹ֮ɫңҡ
ʱСüͻȻǱˡ
壡
ʱһЪ˹ŭͻȻǵصȻٶȼ죬תۼϯ棬Ȼͬһ㴫˿
һ̣𶯣


1546 ˣ
УСҡҡͷ֪ûˡ
һԣҶǲ˫ַϣСãȻСף֪ϲǱ˹ţԲĶԲ𣬵ûܺúñ㣬ĶԲ𡣴ӽԺҲҷֿˡ
£΢С׶ʱս˺
󵨣
ʱһŭͻȻҽصףţһ۵߳ҶСĲԶ
ҶС죬û뵽Ȼܹ쵽
Ҷתͷߣ˿̣˫ѾѪһƬ˿̣ɱѾﵽ۷壬˿̵ɱ⣬Ѿȫѹ˽⡣
С쿴һҶû˵
ԶҶ˿̵ģǺüͷһ壬Ĭһ˲һĨɭɱ⣬㲻ģ࣡
ҶȥСģ
ǽ뿪ʱСͻȻ
˫΢Уô֪
Ҷ΢УʱСæס֣ȻǺߣʵͣǿ콫ǽΣӡ
Σӣ
ЦһƾǣЦ˵ţĿҶϣҲô쵽ģȻ֪˲֪ĶǾȥɣ
£ֻƣȻҶһġ

嵱ǰܣԲ֪
߾Ȼ֣СֱţˣҲˡ˵ţһ˵Ҷ
ˣ
ʱһͻȻҽص쳹𣬽ţһڳһٶȼ죬գۼǺߵǰ
䣡
һը𣬽ʧǺ򳯺ʮɡ
һ˵ԶһɿֲĽͻȻҶڱӿɽֺΧЩҽֱӱĲϷ飡
ͫһԪ⣬˭
ҶȴûзϻеĽֱʧʧһ̣Ǻɫʱ䣬һ̣һɻ˶Ȼڱӿ
䣡
һڳкȻ쳹Ǻ߱سˣͬʱһɼֲڳը˿ɲǼ䣬ص׵ҽʼһ˲
䣡
ҽصͻȻһţҽصֱӱ
ǿ룿
𾪣
ʮϢ󣬵档
ʱﲻϴ˷űλø
УҶֽʱѾһѪˣС졣ǰСѾˡǲ֪ΪΣһûнڡʱҶѾ˲ˡ
УǿԴԴϵĸ壬ǹĩԳҲ˹Ҷʱĩֱסˡ
⣬С򣿡ѩԣԳ㵵
ʱҶȻ֮ǰӣǣʱҶȫѪ죬ϻɢɱ⡣֮ǰҶȫر
ѩҶãȻȻ࣡ʵ֮ǰҶ֣ѾˡֻǺȷڣǰʵĻɲûд
࣡
Գһ㶣漴󾪣˿ŷ֣ҶŽɱ⣬ɱ⣬
࣡
Գţû뵽ҶȻࡣһ࣬Ȼӵôǿ
ʱһ췢ӳ˳УɫĭСмơӣ峤ĭ
ӵһҶС죬ȻһԵĹĩĩһȻһ࣬Ȼųϻ˴ʥ֮ųϣѵҪһ𣿡
ĩĬãȻҲû뵽࣡
Ʋ壡
ʱȻҪҶƲ塣ʱǳ֪Ҷ࣬ʣ鷳ɾʹȥˡ
ĭһ۹ĩţתͷҶߣأò˵㵨ĺܴ㡭
С׵أҶֱӴĭĻ
ĭüͷһ壬ܿ죬Ҷ˵СʲôˡĬһ˲תͷĩųϣʶ֮еԹԼԣλʱ뿪ɡʥ֮ػٴΪλš
飬Ȼܱ¶ǰȻ
ĩĬãȻߵҶǰΪʲô
ҶΪʲôҪ¶Լ
Ҷҡҡͷųϣ˵û֮ȷʵеԹԣԼɡ
ĩһ̾Ҷأ˵ǰ;ڡҪ뿪Ҷ³ʲôǣܳΪҪ֣ζҪˡ
岻սΪһս
ĩҡҡͷȻʲô
ҶҶûԼݣûҪ
Ҷ
ҶĻ˽סˣ
Ҷ
ڴ磬İҶǴλɱģңɱֻؾǿߺġ
Ȼһ㣬ǾĭС䣬ĭСȥɱҶ飬ֵ֪ġ
û뵽û뵽
ĩҡҡͷȻһԵĿԳѩߣ£һӣ˶ʱʧԭء
Ҳû뵽
ʱԶĭû뵽ҶȻ塣
Ҷ˫ۻϣС׵ǣ϶Ҫǡ֮Եڶûж֣Ϊ㡣
ʱСֵģǽɡ巢չڣҲףαء
˭ĭͻȻС죬СĻ
С죬ССС죡С
ĭ˫΢Уˣң
С˵ҶȴǶ˰֣ȻĭҲ˷ʱˡС׵ǣ϶Ҫ
ˣĭֱҶΪѾˣ
ԣҶֻսĬãҶͻȻ̧ͷĭǾΪɣ
ƾ㣿ĭЦ
Ҷһһ̣һӣǺӽͼǰת˲гһãɲǼ䣬гһƬǿա
ǿ֮УҶһӣн˲Զһ̣ǳǿֱӴռ䳯ķԴԴ
һ̣𶯣
壬½Ϊ֮𶯣


1547 ɱ¾
Զĭɫޱȵѿ
ڴ֮ǰȻҶ¼ǣû̫ϡ½ϣ˼Ϊһ⣬廹û¹˭˵Ҷֻһߡ
ߣ
У϶㲻ϣ
ȻҶͷųǺӽͼ֪ǰֻϿܻش壡
ʱ˵ʲôˡ
ĭһӣһ̣ĭ𣺡󣡡
䣡
ĭ£ϿͻȻһĻţԴԴϴǻĻ֮г
ɲǼ䣬Ͽձǳǡ
ЩǳһʱɲǼ䣬ϿտʼҲһ쳹
ܿ죬ЩԽԽ٣ҶǳȴԽԽ࣬ԴԴϣ޾
˿̣վڷ֮Ͽͻ֣ᷢƬնǳͬһ㣬ɢǿ⣬õǿΪ֮
˿̣Щ̺֮ĽǹԪ⣡
ѾǳƵ֧飬ܿ죬֮ЩǺֻܶ࣬вͷǣͶǿߣֻؾǿ߾жʮλ˶ǿֵֵ£ЩǳȻסˡ
ȻǳסҲ˲СĴۣΪڵֵǳĹ֮Уﱻǳն䣬һͷͷﲻ׹䣬Ϊ׳
ǣǳԴԴϳ
һԣĭڼǿʱסЩǳʱҶû˿ϻһҶ˹ȥ
ҶҲûзϻײĸǳУȻĭ˹ȥ
нڣѾҪǳˡ
ҪľǺģʹĺģĵԽãͻԽࡣ
ĭٶȼ죬Ҷ޷Ĺ켣ãȻܹܵ
䣡
УͻȻһžҶ˴׸ǳź׷˳ȥܿͣȻٴαŹ׸ǳŲԶĭ˹ȥ
ȻҶʱѾߣǣȻ峤ĭҲĭ˵壬½ŵϺšĭҲκβйײĸǵҶȻν涼Ҷ·磬ҶûܵʲôʵԵ˺
ʱԽԽﲻϱǳն䣬ˣԽԽﱻն䣬ǿߵķһһȱõǳ׹˷֮СЩǳ׹һ̣ʱһƬ
Щӳ˹Ԫǳֻؾǿ߶ܹնɱЩͨεֵס
һԣС쿴ųһĽĽһ˿̡ȻԣҲȷʵñѵЩͨ޹ġȰǣ֪һöûСΪ岻ҶЭЭҶ϶ǲЭġ
޽⣡
־棬ǲݡ
УҶֵĭЩʼˡԭѸٽҶֻҪҶҶٻЩǳͻʧǣû뵽ҶʵȻ˵ǿκβҶڶʱˣ
ȥԽԽ࣬ʵʱѾ˺ܶܶˡ
ˣһƻҶĭ˫ۻһ̣һɲǼ䣬һīɫĻУֺΧĿռʱΪ¶ȹߵԵʣ
ڤף֮УСģʱСͻȻڳ
ĭһС죬û뵽С쾹ȻϵеĻ𡣲ʱûʱȥСΪʲôʶתͷҶˣ
£ֱʧԭأܿ죬һ˳Уͷ͵Ǻܴ󣬵ǹѹȴǷǳǳĿֲˣīɫĻ档
ͷֱײҶֱӣ
ҶչײĸǣҪ֣ʱСͻȻҶ˳СС󾪣Сһȥ㲻Ķ֡
СһЦһֻ̣СͻȻ򣬽ţСһףŻֱӷͷŻ׵СתֱӽҶڡ
ԶŻڽӴͷʱʱըɲǼ䣬бһƬ𺣣ƬֱӽͷҶ㵵Ŀ֮УЩīɫ澹Ȼİ
ʲô𣡡
֮ͻȻĭľţĭֱӻָΣȻ˵ǧ֮⡣УǾ
һԣҶҲסСôת˲ҶˡˡСȻҲǱĭͷųīɫ棬ǲࡣղŻ棬϶ֽš
˿̣Ҷ֣ĻҪǿ壬µʲôȻǻ𡣷仰ɲһЦ˵Ǵ֮ȻȻܹ˵Ϊ壬ǿ˺̶ֳȣ
ҶæǣһֱԸæĲ˵Щν˵һöûˡû˻ʵǻήͺüεġ
ϧ
УʵǳԴԴϵس֣ʵЩҲԽԽ١
һսʤҲǲʤӽԺԪˣ
Ҷ㵱Ҫʯ٣ԶĭͻȻ
ʯ٣
ҶЦԣ˵ûҶҪʯ١Ҫ½ʧҪ֣
£Ҷóһö£ȻЩֵǳ˹ȥ
ɱĭǣɱ˱
ҶЩȥĭɫ䣬һҶ˹ȥ
ʱ

һҽֱ쳹𣬽ţһͷԴֱ˿Ѫͬһ䲱Ӵӿ˳ɢ£Ѫɫٲޱȡ
ת˲ЩѪһɹѪҶӿȥȫҶա
ʣɱ¾
ҶûĭӲרɱЩɱʮϢʱ䣬ʾѾҶնʮͷˣŵֵǳԽԽ٣ǳ˷Щ֮󣬸ɵ˺ǻԵģ·ЩȥȫһѪҶӿȥ
ʣǳѪƳһĻ
˿̣ĭѾЩˡ
ĭ嶼ˡôȥɾͲʧôˡ
ҪЩǳȫɱҶʱеĭͻȻ
ĭЩԭǳֻؾǿ߶ʱ˵ֿǳȫҶ˹ȥ
ĭʮλֻؾǿߣ
䣡
ʱһɿֲѪͻȻҶڳɲǼ䣬ƬǿձѪһƬ
Ԫɱ⣡
˫عԪ⾳


1548 ̸ҹ
ڼСһ̣ҶɱѾﵽһٽ㡣
ھղŷɱȡѪɱͻٽ㣬ﵽµһ߶ȡ
Ԫ
ɱﵽԪ󣬳ֱӱһƬѪ޾Ѫζɱڳзɢһ̣ǿߵǶܵ˼Ӱ졣µЩֱӱɱʴһͷɱ¾
·Щǳ￪ʼɱ
һƬ
УʮֻؾǿڼҶͻƵԪɱʱнһ
һ̣ʮ֡
Ƿ˵ǳζǳҪǲٶȽҶζҪܶܶ
Щǳǿ߶ס˵Щͨ
ԣǱҪٶȻɱҶ
ԶҶʱгɱ⣬ãǻѣʵҲѣǰѡڼʮֻؾǿ߳ʱûκԥֱӴ߶ڵڵܿ죬һȵͻȻҶڱ
ֺҶʱ˷츲صı仯˿̣ѾﵽһΪֲĵز
Ҷڴ߶֮󣬲ûȥǶʮλֻؾǿӲǴλ
ϣ
ھҪϣϵԽãԽΪѾûǿȥֿЩǳζЩǳǳ˳Ľ
򣬽ɻԵĴҪǣֻҪЩΣܹ
Ȼǰ
ĭ˵ͼЩ֮ǰնɱԣҪľǼֵЩ
ʮλֻؾǿߣǺεȵĿֲ
ȻҶѾļǿˣйײĸڣڶʮλֻؾǿǰ̫̫ãûѡӲǲϴλйײĸ֮ڣʮλֻؾǿڶʱҲκβ
ԽԽǶʮλֻؾǿԽԽҶڶʮλֻؾǿ߷Ĺ£еһҶСۣ·ʱ㸲ǣҶȴ쳣ļͦ˭ĳȥҶ϶ܣԣǿ϶
ǣʱЩǳѾ˷գϢʱͻ᳹׽
ǺӽͼֲһطǾǴΧġ޼ǺӽͼõһֱӷΪԭ
ûһȥǺӽͼЩǳҲܲ
ץסǸŮģʱ峤ĭͻȻС졣
ȻСвҶ
ĭ£ֻؾǿֱӳСץ˹ȥ
Сʱһû뵽֣ʱҶͻȻǰȻȥ
СתͷһЩֻؾǿߣȻŭǸ̵ţȥҪôܣˣҪǣ
˵꣬˶ȻҶĺڡ
СҶתĭˣˣ
ĭһһ̧̣ͷʣ۴ǳЩǳͬ豩һ㣬ȫܲ͸硣
סЩĭŭ
ɲǼ䣬жʮλֻؾǿֱӻָ˱壬һͷͷ˳УЩﲻͷԼȥֵǳǣʱѾЩˡǳɢڷ
ɲǼ䣬һƬ
壬￪ʼٶȿģǳ˳ȥǸȴҶǳ֮¡
ʱҶѾߣֹԪ⣬ˣһεЩǳκһζҪǿ
ǳҶɱ⣬һɹɱԴԴϵشҶӿȻŷɢȥǿܹǿֵɱ⣬ЩµֱӱɱʴΪһͷͷɱ¾
һ̣˼
Ҷδ֣ͣǳǳЩֿǳ˹ȥʱЩֻؾǿҪֵǳûᣬȻŹ
Ҷ͵Ϯ£һֻؾǿֱӱҶֻһɱﵽߺ󣬼˫عԪ⣬֮ӳ֣ڵʵֻÿֲݣڼ϶Է󲿷־ڵֿǳˣҶֱһɱ˶Է
ɱһֻؾǿߺҶһֻؾǿ߳˹ȥ
Щֻؾǿߴ󾪣ƽʱȻҶڣǵͷ޾ǳ
ھʱĭҶǰĭҶ˫Ѫ죬ɱѾʵʻ˵ʱҶеȴֱʧС
䣡
һĭֱӱǧ֮⣬˺ĭд󾪣ڲŷ֣ʱҶ֮ǰҶʵǿ˲֪ٱ
ȻģڵҶӵ˫⾳֮ӳ֣ڵ˵һֻؾǿߣֻؾǿ壡
һĭҶδ֣ͣٴγĭ˹ȥĭʮʱνһն
նν
ڴﵽߺնνѾܹӵĵڣ֮ӳ֣ˣնνѾܹӵ
նνֲ
һ˲ҶΧĿռѿ
ѣռѣ
һĻĭɫһ䣬ǴĿռ䣬Ŀռ̵һ˷ָĵزҶһȻ˿ռ䣡
˿Ĵ⣬ĭֱӻָ˱壬Ȼ廯һž޴Ҷǵײ˹ȥ
䣡
ĭһӴ͵ըѿʵĿռ俪ʼҲˣԼܽ俪ĭһֱǧ⡣
ʱĭȫ£Ѿû˻ȫĽۣѪϴЩ֮˿̵ĭȫһֻѪ
ʱҶֳĭǰȻٴΰνһն
նν
һ̣ҶΧǧڵĿռֱӱ
ĭд󺧣Ѿ֪ҶһĿֲθӲҶһ¾ҪȴѾΪǽٶ̫̫죬һֻӲ
ĭ˫һһɻϯ˲Ҷǵϡ
Ȼǹɻֱӱǵ˺ѿٶȲ˲ĭϡ
䣡
Ŀ֮Уĭ׹£˵֮У֪
Ҷ·ĭ˹ȥʱһɿֲѹͻȻ˷ϿգţʵĿռͻȻ˺ѿܿ죬һֻ޴ɫ۾ʡֻɫ۾ֺǳʱɢƬɢʡ
ۣ֮
ܿ죬ֻɫ۾סҶ
Ҷ̧ͷֻɫ۾üͷ
ʱСҶԣҶС죬ô£
СղŰѿռˡУɱ̫̫ˡͣԡ

ʱԶͻȻһЦҶתͷȥЦĭġ
ʱĭѾָΣģңΪ˫Ѿˡ
ĭҶǷ֮ɫҶۣ֮ȡ
ʱСͻȻ̧ͷֻɫ۾Ȼ˰֣߰ɣ²ܣ
ֻɫ۾С죬Ȼֿ˿ҶҶľĿУֱ֮ӵһɫ׳
һ̣ҶԵСɫһֱ˿УСպǵɫֱʧ
С֮۵ǰȻָۣ֮ŭ̸ҹ
ˣ


1549 Ҷ

̹
ʱ˿̣ǿߣҶĿɿڴ
ۣ֮Ǵ֮۰
֮ǰҶǺӼͼٻЩǳĿֲǣ֮۳ֱӾƵЩǳ֮ǿ˺̶ֳȣ
ڣСȴָŶԷöԷ̹
ȻһĻȴõڳЩǿҶ°Ͷĵˡ
Ϊʵ֮ڶС쿴˲ϢͻȻ֮䣬ʼҲ·ʲôµһ㣬ţʼϢ䳹ʧ˿У
Ĺˣ
ĭֱʯԭأҶҲǴסһᡣ
Ҷ֪СЩ֮۹ϵܺãڿСЩ֮֮䣬ܲǹϵܺô򵥡
˭ԶĭС졣
һ仰ô֮۾͹ԹԹһСļɵѾҶΪļУûʲôţܹ֮۹ġĽ޼ңӶû
Сתͷĭǣ˾̫ʵ
ʵ
ĭɫҶʵ
Сҡҡͷ֮£һΪζ֣κ˶ߣ֮ǰҸᣬȽǣǣҵĻ߷硣ڣڸһᣬѣҸ뿪
뿪
￴ĭʱ˿̣ȻϣҶС뿪ġʱѾԪˣҶߣģܹһ֮ϲС
ǣҶߣǾζҪˡҲζţ߰ͷˣһ߾ͷˣ
ôͷôģοҶɱô
ĭС죬ȥЩΣ
㻹𣿡С췴ʡ
ĭɫҸ㣬Ѿ飬δܹ衣˵⣬ĿҶϣ𣬵ǣҶȫɱҶ
ĭ֮ѡưոݣ˵Ǹԭ⣬һԭǾҶǺӽѾ֮ˡ
ûǺӽҶѾҪɵˣ
УĭЩֻؾ뿪Ҷ˹ȥڣûǺӽ֮ǣҶ˵Ϊǣ
ߣ
СסҶ֣Ȼת˸ֱʧԶ
ʱҶѾڿɣûս
׷
ĭرշ磬УħԳ壬˵⵽ǿ͵ϮҪУ֪ͨĵս󣬾˵Ҷˡ壬˽򣬻УҵС䣬ϻС
ĭһȥ½֪Ҷڷ򣬽ţǿ߲ϳ
Щǿ֮УģǣҲġ
岻ŹҶĵսᣬҶǺһ̣εʳѰڣҶڷ򣬼ҲڶҶ֣Ես˵һûᡣ

Уĩ˫΢գĬãһȻ󻺻ĵʹ֧Ԯ壡
ƽĶۣҶ֣ǣòѳ֡ҶĻԲó֡ϧǣҶ࣬Ȼõڵǣ࣬޷ıʵ
ڣԮӲҶȻеˣǣҶϾˣŽһһ¶⣡
廹ħԳԼú嶼Ѿɳǿǰ塣
νǡ
СƹݣһУֻжҩ
ĬãҩҡҡͷҾ֪ȥ壬϶ŪСĶû뵽㾹Ȼ˰ѶŪ˵Ĵ¾塭㵨ʰ
˵⣬˫ۻҸΰ㣿ϹңܣʦܻʹҲȲ㡣ҲУ󲻽㣬˵ᰵɱ㡭ڤ
뵽⣬ҩ۾ȻȻæĸȥСƹ̷еĹȫѰڤȥ
ǡ
ڰ֮Уĵܿ죬ְ
ڤ
ҩ˫ٴλҶٵĴһ֣Ҫֻ֣һԣǾڤڣڤûκһܹȵҶҶԼҶԼܹԿ
ǿ϶ܣڸҶʱܡ
ڤҶΨһϣǣڤأ
ҩüš

һ֪ɽӿиӣͻ֣ᷢɽһ˯ľɽһ֮Уһݣ֮УһֳȵİȹŮӡȹŮǰһ̡
ϣһһףʱ˫ɱš
ŮһöϣţǷһĨЦݣʮ꣬Ԫɱ⣬벽Ԫ⣬򣬺ǺǣأĽ޼ңҲ˰ߵˣ
£ּһöϣȻֵˣͬ壬жˣˣ˵϶õʲôҶϾʲôأĺܺأ
֮гĬܿ죬ŮֵڤǺǣǻڸҳҿǺڴǳءӦòֵģҪ֣Ҷô죿ڵĴ֣ԣ֣Ӳ˷ָ˵ҵðһѣ
£һöӣȻذȥһɣȥħԳ廹лúɱЩޣ̫࣬ÿɱͷͿˡסǸ壬ҶѪϴ塣
ŵ
⣬һ
ŮһӣʧţߵǰĿͶߣĬãͻȻһĨЦݣڤ֮䣬Ҫˡ
˵꣬ͻȻתͷݵһ䴦ȻģϲӲĺܣһΣӦû˵ģܿҾͻǼģ


1550 Ҷ
򣬺С
ʱҶڵڣĽҡ
ɣ
Խķɣ
ãѾϰ˽ⷴɴʹࡣ
һʱں޸£ҶѾ׻ָ
ʵҶĵطǽҲ޸޸졣Ҫ֪ճ֮ǰܵˣһˣҪ²ſܳ׻ָֻһʱ
ڴôҶԣСʡ
Ҷû˵ǿǰԶСףʱС׾УһҲСףҶ񽥽
СʱС׾ͱţ˲֪꣬˵СµľʧȥɡڣֽʼǶʱǶôôĺ£
Ҫ廹ǣ
϶϶˿
Ҷ˫ۻã˫ۣУѾָƽôǺǣһǵ֮ǰ˵ĻҪ֣Ҫ½
Сҡҡͷڵʵ
ҶС죬һǾ죬Ǿ꣬껹ǾͶʮֱ꣬
СĬãȻҲ֪˵ʲô
ȰҶôȰôȰûáֹҶ£ҶĲǣĲԡԣҪֹҲֹ塣ϧǣ֮ǰȰ壬岢ûġ
ǣĲҶ޹˼ɵ¾ȥ
ҶС죬С죬֪ϣҶɱ¾Ҳ֪ҪֹңֹܹҡǣģֹңΪҲ㵱ǵˡ
˵꣬Ҷһʧԭء
Ҷ뿪һһֱĬϦͻȻ԰𣿡֪С˭֪ʱ򣬿ֻܾСܹ
СҡҡͷҲɱˡ֮ǰۣ֮ΪҾܵͷڣѾܵ˳ͷ
ϦĬ
ʱСһ̾½ƽô꣬ҪѪȷˡ

ҶصʵУ˿̣һɽһصСҶûгصףǳŷĵȥ
ڵϵȴʲôҪ𣬲ɣ
ܿ죬Ҷ˷ĵ˿̣Χȫҽ
Ҷɨһܣһ̣ͻȻνһն
ˣ
һͻȻڷ֮кȻ쳹ţĳһɽͻȻըѿţҽͬɽһԵص׳𣬵嵽ƶ֮Щҽ̻ͬһ㳯ܽ俪ͬһк£
ڽһ̣ʮʶǳҶ֮ǰڵɽһ̣ʮ߳ɽϿգΪ׵ĭ
ĭɨһܣȻ֮ǰ
ܹҵõ𣿡ĭԣһʡ
ĭ˫΢գʶչһ˲䣬Բʮﶼʶǡã۾ȻûϢ
ӵн򣬿ԳԼϢֻҪǺҵĭԣ߳
ĭɨһܣ˵ʱ볡ʮ֮⣬ͻȻһţ֮ǰĳһҽӵص׳𡭡
Уڽһ̣ĭ˱ʧԭأת˲֮䣬ĭ˳֮ǰĵطʱطտҲҶӰûС
ĭ˵ɫޱȵѿ
ҶսûǺӽͼҶһ㶼Ҫη壬ʹǺӽͼҲ壬ΪǿѾϵ壬ֻҪҶҶɡȻڣҶȴǲս
Ҷֻؾǿߣǣֻؾǿ߿رǲѡսҶ
ʱĳһ
ʱҶڷƻĵġʵ棬Ҷôضۣ֮߱Сֹͬ忪ٳ磬ȻҲ½ȴڶһ磬ʹ𣬶½ӰҲ΢΢ġ
ò˵ʱĭЩʼˡ
֮ǰҶǺӽͼ¾ѾǧٿףҶĴƻģ˵ôȥܻᱻҶ׻ȥ
ʱĭлúԼħԳǰæѰҶǣʵǷûֻؾǿһǧӽ֡
ֻؾǿ߿ʼڷѰҶЩֻؾǿߵ£ǵʶγһžס򡣿˵ֻҪһ紵ݶǶܹڵһʱ䷢ֲҸϵ
ȻʱҶȴûڳˡʱҶڻָҲڵõĳֻᣡ
һʱ䣬ƽˡ
Ȼƽˣǣȴǲƽˡ
һ죬һһŮͻȻŮӴᣬʮꡣۣŮۣӵУһŮӵУһֵһ˵ǣûұۣŮûۡǶϱ۵λô⻬羵
Ůڽֱ壬˸ս壬һͷǳŮӵǰ
࣡ͷŮӡ
ʱŮеĽͻȻһʧԭأʧһ̣һ佣ͻȻͷͷһ̣ţɲǼ䣬ֱûͷڡ
һ˲
䣡
ͷֱըѿת˲ޡ
һͷֻؾֱӱɱ
ͷıɱ𾪣ţǿߴ֮ӳȻһһŮ
Ůɫ䣬һ̣ɲǼ䣬Ͽղ˽뵶
һӺŮ뿪
ʱϿգƯŽͷʬ塣ֵһ˵ǣЩʬ඼߻µģҴ඼һģֻؾȴǺ
Ů뿪󣬺ܿ죬Ůӷֱȥ˻úħԳ塣
һӺŮڻúħԳзֱһʬ壬һʬ뿪塣
һǻú廹ħԳ壬Ĵ඼Щ߾߾ޡ
ֵһ˵ǣŮ뿪ʱһ仰Ҷ
仰ǼԵġ
Ȼܻᱻŵ
岻ûбŵ仰Ǽŭ壡ʱǿ߳ȥǵĿģȻҶ
ˣ˿̣Ѿ쾯ӣνľӣڷ¡ǳǳ²ģ
һ죬ЩصֶѾ׷׳ء
ǿɱޣ忴壡
ʱ˻ͻȻ޹أҶ֮˽£ˣ˻ỹʾԸЭ׽ҶԼҶ
һʱ䣬ҶΪ干ͬĵˣ


1551 
Ϊ֤͵Ϯ޹أ˻ỹɳǿǰ壬ʾԸ׽Ҷ
ν˻ᣬǿɵһ֯֯塣⵽֣ʱ֯嶼Ҫ
˻ĳ֤㱬սʱƽϢƽϢ彫ĿҶϡ
Ҷ壡
ʣҶȫΪͷŹС
壬˻ҲҶ˺Сܵ˵ʱҶѾΪĵˡ
ʱҶ֪ԼѾΪĹͬˡ֪ˣҲ⡣
ΪĵѾˣڶһЩҲûʲôծ಻³
νǣСƹݡ
֮УڿϵĶҩ˫۽šãͻȻǿǱ壬ħԳ壬ú壬ޣУ඼ֻ߾£˵ԷڰҶԷ¡Ҷ仰ΪҶް
Ĭãҩֵ鴫ûã˻֤֤ҶûйϵԸ׽Ҷ˻ҶԣսȻЩӰǻûܹӰ쵽˻ĳ̶ȡĻ֣ǵս󣡡
˵⣬ҩ˫۶Ȼǵսֻ˭˭ǿȥ˾Ȼܹȥ磬˵ʵ˻ܹӰ쵽˻ᣬ˾˭ΪҪҶ
˼ãͻȻҩȻվ˵ĿĲҶԷĿҶȻ˷ѾĻΪҶУԶԷʵȫԾɱҶҶȴҶ
ˣҩͫȻһڤԷ뽫ҶȻڤ
֮뵽ڤΪڤҶϵǳҶĴڤûбܹңҲֻڤſܻȥҶ
뵽⣬ҩȻʡ
ڤȻ֪ҲڤڵڤΪҶĹΪˮʵ̫̫ˡڤεȵǿȻƵӵλ棬ЩڤеǺεȵǿ
Ҷڤô϶µġȻĵķˡ
һΣҶˣ
УҩĬãȻ̧ͷԶУһ˿ãȻڤǻҪǲ֣οɾʮ˰
֪ɽ֮Уڡ
һŮӶ壬ãŮͻȻһĨݵЦݣڤĽǣǻҿǺڴǳأ
˵⣬ͻȻתͷݵһ䣬ģҼӲˣ϶ֵڤģȻֲҲȥһġ
£֮жʱΨ

Ҷָ󣬾Ҫƻ򣬵һȴСסˡ
С̧ͷɨһۣȻҸܵǿϢܶܶ࣬ЩϢ鲼ҪǳȥŪһ㶯϶ᱻǷ֣һǷ֣Ҫ군ˡԣܳȥ
ҶüͷǿϢֻؾǿߣ
С˵ͷ
ж٣Ҷʡ
СĬһ˲Ȼʮλ
Ҷ˫۶ʱ΢ʮλֻؾǿߣ϶ûôֻؾǿߵģҲ˵Ұˡ
ڲܳȥߣ
СֵѾʶȫסƬȻܹԼϢȫǣֻҪȥ϶ͻᱻ֡Ϊ㣬ȥ֮϶õÿռ䷢Щ仯ȫע£϶ܹЩ仯ֻҪ֣ܹ˲Χ㣡
ҶĬ
СҡҡͷһΣ鷳ܴ󡣡ʱҶĴǾľ
ЩֻؾǿڵҶȥҶڲȥЩֻؾǿȷʵҲǣЩֻؾǿߵʱ϶ѰҶҶڷڣЩǿҵʱ⣡
һҶҵҶǱɵģ
һΣǺӽͼȲ
Ҷڴﵽֻؾ˵ֻҪﵽҶʵڼǺӽͼлӳȥġ
ǣҶֻ߾
ĬãҶתͷС죬СҡҡͷǸҲܣĲᡣ
ҶЦЦҲҪҴܡ
㣿С첻ĿҶ
ҶС죬ȻҲ֪˭ǣҲѡִ˵Ǿң϶Ҳһԣ߰ɡ֪Ҫߣ϶ܹߵõ
С쿴ҶãȻҪ̸̸ú̸̸
ҶЦСԴѽɲһ档֮䣬˵㣬֮ⲻˡҵģϽ뿪ǵĿֻң㲻һǾͲȥ׷㣬׷Ҳ̫ǿߣ𣿡
СĬãȻһɡ
㡭
Ҷ˵ʲôСȴǵҲģʹıɱˣҲġҲ֪ΪʲôǲģɱңǻɱңҲԣԣҾþԼҪɱҿ϶ûϷģԭ˿

ҶȻ֪С˵ǻָʲôȻ
ҶСãȻðɣ͸Ұɡ
Ҷ˵ֱ꣬˵ڶ㡣
Ҷߵ¯ǰҶСʱɵҶССԴȻ𣬡Ҫİ
Ұ֣ҲҪҰ֣
Ĭ
ҶãȻҲǿ󡣡
˵꣬תߡ
ʱһͻȻڳ𣺡ܲҵ
Ϸ
Ҷת𣬡ҵѾǿ
ǿʮ
޷ԼȥҶ
ܣ
ΪʲôҶ
ΪҴ˿ڱţ
Ϊʲôֻ˵ҪҵİͱҪܵסҵΪֻΪý飬ܹҵȥҵڽϣ̻Ϊҽ
ҶĬãȻ߶֣֮֮Ҷʱ˷츲صı仯
˿̣ǿ屶
δҶ̴߶˽ӡȻ󽫽˹Ԫţ˫عԪ⾳ԼͬʱڵĺҲһ̻һɫĤסȫ
ǺΣգʱͻȻ
Ҷҡҡͷ˲ôˣɣֻϣǿ
ǿ
ͻȻЦұܹȥܹٵƬ棡
£ͻȻǵ¯˳ȻֱûҶü䡣
죡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷֱӱһˡ
һ̡
䣡
Ҷڵλ÷ԲڣֱӱٳһƬޣ
ͬʱЩһ̽ȫʼ


1552 ޷
һ̣ڷڵǿߴ󾪣Ŀ׷׿Ҷλá
ʲô
Ǵ˿е뷨
ʱҶλѾһƬ𺣣Ӧ˵ҶΪģԲʮڣһƬ𺣣ˣһɹɻ˲Ƭ֮г𣬷·Ҫһ㡣
ǿ߷׷ƬϿգܿ죬ע£һӴǻ֮л˳
Ҷ
ʱҶٲȻѾΪһˣĻˡ
Ҷ
УĭҶڸʲôϷ
ҶͻȻ̧ͷĭһ̣Ҷֱӻһ
УĭǷһĨȻֱһƳ·Ҷ˹ȥƳһֻצڿֶغҶ
ʱһͻȻƿնֻһͨǣȴǸһɫĻ档ǿߵע£ֻצһ𣬸һӴֻצͬѩһ㣬˲仯ޣ
潣ٶȲֱնĭ
һĻĭͫȻһҶĽʲôʱ˿ֲˣ
Сǻ棡ʱһԵһͻȻѡ
ʱǵ潣Ѿĭǰĭǰ̤һܿ죬һīɫĻڱӿȻīɫֺǿ߱һĻŪĴסˡ
Ϊīɫһֱתˣ
ˣ
ڤ׾Ȼֱˣ
ĭ룬˫ֻƣȻ͵سǰһģ
䣡
һըҶǵȻѣȻȻѣǻ沢δʧЩ˳ĭ˫ֱӵĭȫȻĭװ

һĲҽڳв
ҽĭģ
ǲҽеĭһԵЩǿţרң˵ǾǴƷڣΪ峤ĭȻֵסҶ棿ʲô
ҽڳǻķ£ĭ徹Ȼͨ·Ҫһ㡣ܿ죬ĭָ˱壬ǣָǹɻɽƹ֮ǻķ£ĭڿзҽţ
ĭָ󻹲ǻ棬һǿߴ󾪣һæ֣
ʱ·ҶеĽͻȻӣɲǼ䣬鳯ʼȥ
ÿһһɫĻ棡
һĻЩǿߴ󺧣ĭֵסǸЩ·׷׳֡
ͬʱܣһǿϢϮתۼ䣬ܶʮߣУģҲǿߡ
ǿߣ˿̣оʮλֻؾǿߣ
ʮλֻؾ
ʮλֻؾǿͷųԼƣʮλֻؾǿѹ£ҶЩȫɢǣЩȴûʧƮڿУЩƵѹ£Щȴ޷ڽ磡
ĭǿߵİ£ϵĻҲǿѹ˳ǿȴ޷
·ҶĻ˱ѸٳӣǴ˿̣Щȫʵֻؾǿ߸ѹס
ʮλֻؾǿ֣ǺεȵĿֲ
ҶɨһʣǺǣǿңʮλֻؾǿߣģʱˣ
Ҷ
ʱĹĩͻȻվ˳ĩֱҶԭΪֻ֮жԹû뵽ȻԵ塣˭ΪҪ壡
壿
Ҷĩųϣ˵Ļе㲻ף
ף
ĩڲǰǿɱ壬ޣԣͽ塣
·Ҷüͷڰ˭ڰ
ʱеһֻؾǿͻȻվ˳Ҷ͵Ϯ壬ս֪ǴսĺսҶˣ
Ҷֻؾǿߣλ
Ϸ˻᳤յߵ
Ҷüͷٴû뵽˻Ҳֽˡս֮ȷʵжԹǣ˻ᣬ֯ɲǵսܹٿصģ֯ǿ齨ģս棬Ȩ
Ҷüͷĸˣֱе㲻ˡ
ҶǲڤʱյͻȻ
ڤ
յĻɫһ䡣Ȼİ½һɣ
ʱյֵǺǣڤ˭Ҫ֪λ棬Ҷڤ֮Ĺϵɲ򵥰壬ȻӲ˵⣬ͻȻһԵĹĩǿߣλҾãǻǷҶΪãȻڤ
ڤ
ʱһͻȻվ˳ڤΣѵ廹ڤɣҶ㻹ڤԩ޳𣬵ǣȴ޹¾ͷ˳𲻹죡
·Ҷüͷ壬ڤˣ
ԣ
Ҷת˲Ƿͷڤ֣Է϶ֱ壬ȥɱʲô塣ȥɱ壬ֻἤŭ壬õԸңڤǶԷڿ϶Ѿ֣
Ҳ˵ڤ
ңǸֵǿߣܲڰں
ʱʵյͻȻλڤһСΣԸλһͬԸ
ãǿߵ˵ͷڤҲǼɵޱȵģӦ˵嶼ɵޱȡԸȻòˡ
յǷһĨЦݣȻ·ҶȵȽҶ
ʱҶͻȻǹĩųϣʲôҲ˵˵ʲôҲû壬߰ɡ
ĩҶãȻߡ
ҶĬãȻ˵ͷ⡣˵꣬һԵǿߣ֮޷򣡡
£ҶһӣǺӽͼǰת˲гһãһϢΧĳһƬǿա
һ̣ǳͻȻ˷ϿգһεǳĲһһεǳǻɫġ
ĻɫϮͬʱҶƬͻȻѸӶȥ
ԶĻ콣ʱĭǿɫ˲Ұ
ʱ·ЩѾӵ֮⣬֮һеһȫޡ


1553 覴ñر
ǿߣʱ˿̣Щֻؾǿɫޱȵѿ
ֻǵǺӽͼʮ֣һ㶼Ҫη壬ηЩŽĻ档
رĭǻйܽӴģû˱ǻĿֲˡ
֪ЩǳĻʧʧڵһ飬ʧ
ˣĭڹ˲æҶȵҶԸ뿪ջЩ
ҶûĭĲ£Щǳ½ٶԽԽ죬ʱѾͷʮɵλá
ȳ
ʱյϣԵǿֱʧԭء
ȳ
ܿ죬ЩǿҲ֮ʧԭأ壬гǿ⣬ֻؾǿȫѾ뿪
Щ
ЦˡʹûЩ棬ЩҲõЩ棬ǽ͸õˡЩģʣǳеҪųϣңһܹȫסЩ
Ǳ볷ĭԣһǿͻȻ

ĭתͷŭ𣬡ô죿ô죿
⣬ĳҲûлᱨˡ߳
ĭɫ֮ɫĬһ˲һȻŭ̳ܳپͳ١
˵꣬ͻȻתͷҶҶ֮ձ򱶷
£ΧǿֱʧԭءʱЩ潣Ѿ£ڣһеһУȫΪ촷ۣͬʱЩ˴ʱѾӵЩ뽣˫ػ£Ƭռ俪ʼ֧顣
Լʱ
䣡
½ϣͻȻһ
򳹵ˣ
ŷĳһ̣˶֪ҪûˡȻֻؾǿߴ඼˳ǣֻؾǿߣЩ˾ųϡһûѪҺά֣߲Ҳûδġ
㱻Ѹٴ½һ̣֪һ֣Ҷ
ʵԭ½Ѿ֪ҶϾҶǴλɱġǣ֮ǰҶֻֻ֪Ǻ棬ûоη֮ġڣҶѾ˾η֮ġһ֮壬ʵ
νǣСƹݡ
ڵ֪Ϣ󣬶ҩʱһеǿʯͷȥʵǲϣڤֵġΪʲôΪڤǳ֣ЩڤĻ϶Ҳ֡
ǸʱҶΣˡ
ܹڤƵλԲڵҶܹġãҶԼΣ
֮УĬãҩͻȻȥǵ˲ϧһд۽˻ᡣ
ǣ
⣬һ
ҩֻ˭ڤҶ

֪ɽУڡ
ϣһŮ壬ֻԼŮӾһöϣǣһĨΪɲЦݣЩ˼֪Ļ棬Ǻǣĵƿ治ٰ˵꣬ͻȻݵĽ䴦ЦǲǺܸˣʵҲܸˣΪڣͲƽ
˵꣬ŮתͷĿϣܿ죬֮аֻ

ٵ֮Ҷû뿪壬Ҳû취뿪壬ΪʱЩǿ߶ĴѰ
һصҶ˺С
սڣҶɫǼŤ˿̣ѾѪɫѪϸͻ֣ᷢЩʵϸСĻ棬˿̣ЩϸСĻڷ塣
ЩջȥҶŭ
ȻȴûκλӦ
ʱСҶǰҲ˯ˡ
ʲʲô˼Ҷʡ
Сҡҡͷû취ȥֻܽ͸㴫ȥ޷ȫǿԼȥԣԼԼˡ
ô죿ҶټŤ
ʱлڣЩȻûпǣǻ̺֮¶ȴʱʱ̷̿塣֮Ѿճɻҽˡ
С̯̯֣Ҳ֪ô졣
Ҷ
Сҡҡͷôʹ࣬ңңǣҺûʲôϵء
ҶŭС죬ǲǷ򣡡
СһЦЦˡûʲô취ΪЩѾһҪŪǣֻпԼǴԼＷ
û취ҶֻܿԼˡ
ò˵ЩĺÿֲЩûȻסʹûǣе¶Ҳõȫޱȵʹ࣬ⷴɻҪʹࡣ
ģںİ£ЩҶ˳ЩѸٷɻص¯С
һʱҶ峹׻ָ
ǣָ󣬽ֿʼˡãⷴɵʹѾϰΪˡ
ֹȥһʱҶʱѾȫָ
ڴô죿ҶǰСʡ
ô죿
ҶǷһĨȻҪȻѾٵ˷򣬵ǣ֮ǰ廹ӳ
Ѿɱ˺ܶˡС
࣬һ㶼࣡
ҶҡҡͷҪÿһͷԴնҪһ峹׾֣
˵꣬һֱʧԭء
СĬãȻһ̾ҪһءҾͲܺƽദ𣿷Ҫɱɱ㡭̰ԭﰡ

ɽ
򱻻ٺЩҴﶼʱľɽʱֻвǧͷ⻹ΪԭûڷԵʣӷӳķǳ١
ʱ壬ò˵

ʱнʮλֻؾǿߣЩ峤
ҶΪҪ壿УĹ쿴ĭʡ
ǿҲĭ
Ҷ˵ķ񱨸壬϶ԭģǺܺԭ
ĭĬ
ĭֻ֪ȥܹ취ҶҪҲˡ쵭
ĭĬãȻץλѡ
ԣǹĩüͷ
ĭֵ˵ЩѾûˣڤ壬壡
λأĩͻȻʡ
ĭҡҡͷһλǱǳ˳ǱС͵ˡСڣ֪һλ壬ȴͻȻʧˡ

ĩҡҡͷȻָһǰǶһᣬǹҶλϣ覴ñر£ôġ
ѵ廹ɣĭ
ĩҡҡͷǷһĨɬǲڳǱʮ꣬ͻǵ޵еңӣǸʱڳλ˭ܵס˭ܣ
ԣɫЩѿ
ڵҶѾ˵ı̬Ҷأ


1554 ħ壬ΪĬ
ʵ˵ȺŹǶסҶ
ҶȻֻߣǣҶʵѾȫֻؾڼǺӽͼ˫⾳Լػ棬˵ʱҶѾ޵ˡ
УЩء
ʱĩͻȻվλһ²˵ҶڤҾôЩΣ
峤üͷһ壬ʲô˼
ĩһ£ǿ壬ΪֻɱµޣڤǱضɱֻؾǿߣҲԣڤڤ·ʵǿ϶ֱȥ壬ǵʵȫԾҶǣǲûôɱ
Ĭã˵ڤҶ
ĩڤȥλ棬ڲڶڤҸȼڤ·ǿ϶ɱϴ硣û´һԿڤ
ĩĻüͷ
һȷʵڤǣҲԸڤƴʮŮ˼һ𣬾壬ҪлǿԵġ
ʱǹͻȻĩ֣Ҿ˵ɱǵ޺˾ͻȻ޹أһǿǡϸ룬ܲѰ
ĩ˵ͷҵĵ飬ҶڤϵȷʵһΣпҶڤȻڤϡһʯ񰡣˵⣬ĩɨһܣȻǾԲܲκϵڤУڤӦҲ֪ʱǣ϶븴ģǶϣضᱻ񱨸ʱ񲻳סǣ
˵ͷܱã
Ҷô죿ʱͻȻʡ
Ҷ
ٴγĬ
ݣʱĭͻȻ
ʱĩͻȻǿ֪ܲѾԼڵ͸Ҷ
ĩĻɫʱһ䣬رĭĭŹĩΪʲôΪʲôҪô
ĩǱֻû뵽
Уû뵽Ҷڵ
ʱĩֵҶǰԱ
ʲô˼ĭŹĩ
ĩĭĭֻʣǧͷˡҶţ㣬ǲҪ峹׾֣
ѵĳͲ𣿡ĭ

ĩ㣬ʲôȥƴù磬ǣ޹ң򲻹ܣᱻ
ڴǣ޹ңλأĭȥλ棬ҡ

ĩŭλ棿ڤλ棬ȥʲôʲôֻȥ
ʱǹͻȻĭ֣ˡҶԣ壬ľˡȥ彫ڣǻлᣬֻؾǿߴ඼ڣ廹ϣȥ
ĭ˫ֻգģĲģҪôĲġǣǸĲҶȥˣĲ

ʱɽϣͻȻһҽ
ɫһ䣬һ̣ȫʧԭء
ɽɽһʬ壬ʬ塣
ʬ壬ĭɫʱ˵϶Ҷɱġ
Ҷֻˣ
ɫЩأҶҲޱȼɵģҶǺӽͼصĻ棬κһ嶼ܲ
ʱĩͻȻתͷɫĿµĭĭϷֻһ飬Ҷݣ峤䣿
ĭĬãȻϰݣҶԸ𣿡
ѵĭСУĩ
ĭ˵ͷ
ĭСģĩʡ
ħ塣ĭ
̴Ҷѵǻị̃
ĭĬĭСҶǻǾζҪˡ
ʱͻȻĭʱͷЩҪͷˡ
ĭɨһ۳У˿̣βףĩЩ壬ѾԸΪҶƴ
ǼһȫҪηҶǣƴ𰡣ڣҶҪɽ߶Ǻӽͼػ棬˵ɽҲҪ䳹׵ʧˡ
ҶҸҶʯ٣ǲҸҶʯ٣Ӧ˵ֵãٲֵΪҶʯ١
ʵڵ֪ҶĴкǵ̬ѾЩ仯ȻҪĻҶʵ
ãĭԵһߣСǵôǣС׵ǣ
ߵ˵ͷȻȥ
ĩһĭȻתɨһܣҶɡԸ⽫ѵǹ黹㣡
ûлӦ
ĩĬһ˲ֵϷ㱣֤ǲ㶯֡һΣǿܶˡԣǲڶ֡
˵ע£ǰĿռͻȻһţҶ˵С
Ҷ
˵ĿȫҶϡ
ҶĭС׵ǻڣ
ڣĭ
Ҷ˫ۻã˫ۿĭ϶أ
壡ĭ
Ҷ˫΢Уʲô˼
£һɱ˳С
ɫ΢䣬䱸
ĭһҶȻԭУǾڲǰͻȻʧˡƾʧˡû´Ǳ˴ˡ
˴ߣ
Ҷ˫ֻܹϢ壿
ĭҶµûбҪƭ㡣ȷʵ˴ˣҿģ
ʱĩͻȻҶ߰ǲм˵ѵġ
ҶĬãȻٶҼС׵ǣ
ԣĩжʱһɣȻҶ֮ĶԹΪѻǣڣԸ⽫ѵǹ黹㣬֮ĶԹǷһʹ
һʹ
ҶɫС׵£ǿһʹǣС׵иôҪ˵
һԣɫޱѿҶǵǵǵǣȴ޿κΡ
ĩǿ߳ĬҶӣǿɲԸǡңҶ̬Ҳԣֻ塭Ҫ־ֻܹûȥץ˼ʲôºˣ嶼㱻
ʱһһȥһӺһ߳˳УĭǰС䣬Сزˡ
ʲô˼˵Ҷ˿̣ҶѾѪâ
˵Ƥһ漴Сħ屻ħ̫Ӹסˣڻز
ʱĩæҶ𼱣ҳȥħ彻棬ǡ
ãԼȥ
Ҷ£Ѿʧԭء
ĩ㶣漴ҡҡͷħ壬ΪĬ


1555 ʮɱҶ
ħʵҲǿһҲǣǵҶɷǣֻ˵ħҪùˡ
ҶʧһϢĭҲһʧԭء
첻⡣
ĩҡҡͷɵȥҶ˵ţɨһܣǻȥ̶֮һܶõεĻ֣Ҫ嵱ӣضҪ丶ʹۡ
˵󣬹ĩɫ
һǷǳΣյģڤĳ֣ζڤڤս϶ʧأ
ǲҶƴڤƴ𰡣
˵ͷЩ޲ܰ

Ҷ뿪úͻȻͣΪǰĭ
㲻ɱС䣡ĭҶ
Ц
ҶǷһĨЦ˵ɱͲɱ
ĭֻǺܿ˿Ҷ֪Ѵǣ֪ѾˡҪͬûȨǰǺ󣬱ҪٵԾ󻼵ģȴߣȻ˳ȥѾʧˣ
Ҷ˫ۻ϶Ͳ䲻С׾ͲһУɵġ˵⣬Ҷ۾ĭ
£ҶһҪ뿪ʱĭȴͻȻִҪɱǴҾʯ٣ھʹŸ׻ٵǣ
ˣ
һͻȻڳ𣬽ţһƿն˲ĭǰ
䣡
һըĭֱӱǧ֮⡣
вңҶĭ
ĭҶСΨһϣɱδûκϣȻûϣЩϼһкãɱ彫ȫȥλ棬ֻؾǿȫҲҪ㸶ʹۡ
˵꣬ĭָһһҶǰħĵͼСλãɱǲɱԼ
˵꣬תһһʧ˲Զ
ԭأҶĬһ˲ȻסǾᣬʧԭء
ҶʧϢһŮӳ˳С
ӳֵŮӳֽ˶ȱһۡ
ΪβֱɱŮͻȻ
˵ڻӵ
ŮӳĬһ˲Ȼӣţڹֶ꣬ɱ
أӵ
ʮڣȡŮӵ
ӳĬãȻذףΨһһңӻн޼ֵˣпܻᳬ𣿡
ŮӳĬãȻͬڣʵѾ޼ң֮䣬ӦûЩࡣ
޼ǣʡ
Ů΢΢ҡͷ޼Ľ츳һ㶼ֻĽߵĲǷâ¶ң˽ֶأңҶͬ˽֣Ǳؾȫԣ޼ԿΪʼոһߡ
ӵ֮ǰ˵Ҷң֮仹Щ࣬ģ
⣡
ŮӵңǴĽҶĽǣ̫ǣҶǳ֮ģϾͨһӵɱ⡭ˣѾܵ˵ߵǽ˵ߵħʡ
ӳĬãȻ˵ңӻн޼ƬʷǿĽޣڣҪһҶˡ
Ů΢΢ͷڲɱҶպ󣬿ܾɱˡ
΢΢ҡͷд㣬ǰ˵ˡ߰ɣ
£һһŮʧԭء
֮⣬ҶͣСǰ
˵ղڸңҶʡ
С˵ͷ
Ҷ˫΢УڸȻûз֣
⸱ˣ˼ұǿܶ࣬㷢ֲҲģС
Ҷüëһǿܶࣿ
Ȼˣ
С˵ͷһҪҪɱ㣬϶군ģǸ棬ȻǸͼȲ㣡
ͼ
ҶߣǺӽͼǳģû𣿡
Сҡҡͷͼÿϲ
ҶҡҡͷȻɫС죬˵ǿܶ࣬ʲô˼ֱڵһ㶼ֻؾǿߡС˵Էǿ̫̫࣬е㲻ŵġ
СǱǿѾͻƵֻؾ֮ˡԣʵѾͻƵֻؾˡֻƣڻֻؾǵʵѾԶֻؾˣ͸ǸѪŮһ㶼ǸѪŮȻǸѪŮҲûлָʵôȫ˼Ҷֵġ
ѪŮ
Ҷͫ΢ѪŮʵģֻؾǿǰȫǲ˰ղŸ˾ȻѪŮ
Լ˭ˣ
Ҷ˼⣬Է϶սڻģǵĻԷ϶ͳŪˡȻ⼸ֻ˭أ
ʱСͻȻߵҶǰȻҶĶӣ㱣أĲСı˼Ҹɱˣģҡ
Ϊұ𣿡Ҷ
СҡҡͷȻɫһΪʬģ
Ҷһ漴ҡҡͷС죬˵⻰̫ˡҪɱ㣬һֹԷ㱻ɱˣһΪ㱨𡣡
˵꣬Ҷһʧԭء
ԭأС㶣ȻСţ˼ֲܣô㱨࣬ҽССǰ㱨УСС̫ˡ˭أˡ˵⣬С۾һħޣһһٸҶ򲻹һҲ˯֪ûУȥ
˵꣬һʧԭء

һ·ϣҶ񱼣Լٶ˼¡ȻȥĭС䣬ĭСС׵ǡ
С׵ǣǲܳκģ
Ҫȥħ壡
Ǹʲôиǿߣˣû˼ȥܣֻȾȻС׵ǣȻҵ϶ڱģܡ
ҶͨĴħ
ز죬ĭǾᣬǾħһЩϢĭСڵλá
ҶɨһܣȻһʧ˲Զ


1556 
ħ۹
ħҲһͳģħ壬ħ۹֮һȻħ۹ֻǰħ۹ħƬϵİǸʱħ嶼ħ۹ͳ£Ҳħʢʱڡ
Ȼħķѣħ۹ʵȴȻСħ壬Ҳһħ۹֮һ
סĭСľħ۹̫ӿ档
һ·ϣҶûκεֱͣħ۹
ĭСһ㶼ģµС׵иô
ܿ죬Ҷħ۹ĵ۶ħĳǡ
ħĳǿ˵ħĳǣħ۹۷ʱǵļ̶̳ȣԵסٶʮֻؾǿߵֹ
ҲΪʲôܹһֱڵԭ
ħ೤ʵǺܴΨһħ˫ɫߺɫģеľͱ֮࣬⣬û̫ˣҶ׾ͽħǡ
ҶȻɵֱӾɱħǵĻʹСǵģ鷳ġԣڽħǺҶýԼȻǱħǵĻʹ
ħǵĻʹҶͣΪ֪ĭСȷеλáط϶޷ʶһʶ϶ᱻħ۹ǿ߷֡
ԭأĬһ˲ҶһŻʹĺǱȥ
һ·ϣҶɫΪܵǿϢ˵ħ۹ֻؾǿߡ
һԣҶͻȻͣһֱӻһӰӽ˹֮СôڻʹߣҪҵĭС䲻֪Ҫ£ԣץʡ
빬ڣҶüͷʱΪпտҲ
ûˣ
ҶתҪȥʱһŮӵͻȻڵ𣺡ˣ
УҶüͷˣԼ
࣡ʱǵŮӵڵ
ҶӰ˳ʱһŮӴڵ֮˳ŮһϮɫĹװȹü£ܽأپµر۾۾Ȼˮɫġ
һͷͷҲˮɫģҷǳĳβλá
ҶڴŮӣŮҲڴҶ
ŮڴһҶ漴΢΢һЦһྐྵȻܹǱ뵽򵥡
ð
Ҷ˵ֻΪѰһˣ֪¿֪ħ۹̫ںδ棬м
ԭץһȻʳħ۹̫ӵģȫͷΪ͸ǰŮˣңŮ˻ȷýֺͷ붼֪Ů˾Բһһˡ
ħ۹̫ӣ
ŮӿһҶ漴Цʲô
ҶĬһ˲Ȼס幫Ϊ
Щ˼
ŮЦԭΪԼİŮˣɼΣҲϧֻװ
Ҷ֪𣿻֪ĭС֪棬мֱ֪ԡ
֪
ŮЦ֪ģ֪幫ΪʲôҪأ
ҶŮãȻǣ
˵꣬ҶתߡʵûȤŮ⳶ƤȻԷԸ棬ȥұˡħ۹̫ӣ֪λõˣӦò١
ڷȻ
ʱŮͻȻǿĹʹ棬ĭСӦþͱǱߡ
ҶתͷŮӣл
Ů΢΢һЦףɹ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻתʧ˵С
ҶߺŮҡͷһЦȻתڵС
˹Ҷ̧ͷһ۹Ϸңֻд֣ӭ
ŮӲħģ
Ҷ˼Ƭ̣Ȼתʧԭء
ܿ죬Ҷ˻ʹ棬һᣬҶҵŮ˵ġȻǱȻҶֶʱ
Ϊܵ˻Ϣ
˳ŻϢȥܿ죬ҶڷȻڵмĭС䡣ʱĭСһ͸УΧһɫߣЩ߲ΧסĭСĹܡ
ҶɨһܣûκϢʶ˳ȥ
ʱĭС۾Ҷʱɫʱһ䣬㣡
С׵ǣҶޱ顣
ϡĭС
Ҷ˫΢Уʲô˼
ĭСǿȥˣС׵ҪЮҼ޸ڣСʱǰȫġ
Ҷһ֪С׵ݣ
ĭСҡҡͷСûб壬Է϶֪ݣȻԷҲвˡ
ʱҶߵĭСǰĭСãȻͻȻЦĭС䣬֪Ϊ㣬ھֻʣ¼ǧͷˡҺ֪ʲô룿
ĭСҶû˵
ҶЦЦʵĺɱġǣҾɱ㣬Ϊ̫̫ˣҪһӻھУ
˵꣬Ҷνն
ͣ
ĭСֱֱֻӴѪ׷˳ȥ
նĭСۺҶתߡ
ҶʱĭСͻȻ
Ҷͣ½Ųô
ĭСҶıӰʲô͸óΪʲôҪ壡
ʵһʼͷԴСףǿϧûоȨС׵ǣ֮ԾСףϲС⣬һԭ򣬾ΪΪ·Ϊκ˶ҶǱʵҶܹвģҲΪʲôȥɱҶԭ
ϧǣҶûɱˡȻ屯ˡ
壿Ǻǣ
ҶתĭС䣬˿̣ɫѾĭС䣬С϶ƽ»ãκһκκôңһ峹׾֡ԣɣΪС϶ɣ
˵꣬Ҷתʧԭء
УĭСҶʧĵطãͻȻ峺Һ塣һԹˡʲôΪԣԶΪΪڣ˭ӡ
һΣӲˡ
һΣ壬飬Ϊһԣȫˡ
ĭС䣬֮ˡ

뿪Ҷֱӳħ۹ȥһΣûϢ
ûҪˡ
˷ʱ䣬ҲڹĨǡ
ҶĹаʱǿϢͻȻϣȻǷ
˾Ȼôħ۹һŭڻʹ𣬽ţϢҶϮ
Ҷһһ̣һӣǺӽͼֱӳǰǺӽͼ֣ƬʹʱһƬǿ֮С
һ̣ħ۹˴󺧡
ʲô
Ǵ˿˵뷨
ͬʱħ۹ʹϢȻҶλñȥ
УҶһӣԶֺңԶǿǳʼ
ֻҪҶһͷǳͻ֡
Ҷɨһ·Ȼħ۹̫ӿġ
ˣ


1557 ½ܻᱻ
Ҷ£һ۵ӶʱҶ治Զӵ󣬻ʮλߣȫֻؾǿߡ
ӿҶãȻҶ
ӵĻɫһ䡣
Ҷ
½˭˲֪˭˲ǲĳţ˰
·ӭſڣŮĿҶϴһۣȻԭҶѹ֡
УҶӣ˭
ӵħ۹λʵۡ
ҿ档Ҷ
֪Ȯ˸£Ȼõø²Զħ۹
Ҷҡҡͷûең̸ֻ顣
̸飿
۽΢̸鶼ô̸𣿡
ҶһӣǺӽͼܿ죬лָһĻɫʱһɡ
Ǻӽͼ
òɵ
Ҷ߶Ǻӽͼʣǿ϶ҪʧˡҶڷųصĻ棬˵ǣ˶Ҫʧ
Ҷղ³çˣǰ̫ӳһе顣
·ŮҶĻǶʱһĨЦݣǸļһȻ֪ҶͼҶһͷǺӽͼĿľΪҪлȨôһħ
˵Ҷȱ
һҶȻһӣܿ죬ǰĿռ£ţһӳǰ
Ȼǿ档濴Ҷ֪Һ¡
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻץ幫ĭС䣬԰ɣ
ɫ΢䣬ңΪ
ҶҲΪϵõһǣҲԣ
˵ͷ
Ҷ˫ֻѵģңԣ
濴һҶȻתͷ
ҶħֱӾͷǺӽͼò˵евζħ۹ڽѵǹ黹еӡǣֵǮҶ˱е㲻嶼𣬻ħ۹
ɣֻҪǸ˵һ֣Ҷ϶ħ۹Ѫƴ
ˣǱǵĺá
Ļ˵ͷȻ΢һɫгУţָһǰɫзɵҶǰ
ǰİɫУҶ˫ֿʼ˺һᣬ˰ɫУڣһͬİɫš
С죬𣿡Ҷʡ
ǣ
СûãǲδŽغϡ
ҶһɣæɫзŽ˺ڡţ̧ͷһԵĿ棬лˡ˵ţ֮ǰ£еǡ
ţ
ʱͻȻ
ҶתĬƬ̣Ȼ̸̸ǹһЩ飬ӦҲа
Լ飿
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷ
ӭУֻˣҶŮӡ
λǺ峤ġܵ
峤
ҶһǺģû뵽Ů˾ȻǺ峤壬ǿǲҪǣһͳġȻһͳģǶвôҪԭΪһ뿪ˮʵͻۿۣ
ĿҶ΢΢һЦ
ȻҶֻߣǵ½˭ҽ߿ڵҶ൱һȰ¡
Ҷǰˡ˵ţ֪ǰҪ̸ʲô£
뺣һۣ󣬿ħ뺣õһЩϢģ㣬֪
Ҷ˵ͷ֪һ㡣
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Ψһһǣ鲼½ħ壬к嶼ǵˡô˵ɣǸ϶Ѿ֪ˡĵĵطΪԷǸ嶼ˣԷĿĿ϶򵥣
ҡҡͷ֪ܲڤζʲôζѡÿ˵ʵָ۷壬ʱ֮涼ѹסǣο֮Ѿʧ֪ˡܵ˵֮գǴ½Ѫȷ֮ʱ
ҶĬڤ϶ҪģĻʵҲ˵ǿڸ嶼̸ڣ󣬵ʱĿܻսҶ϶վڤߵġĻ϶Ҳ֪㣬Ҳ˵Է϶Ź˵Ѿڿʼˡ
ĬãҶΣлλĸ֪ҶˡУڤǵҲ֪һЩӹɵģǣǲûҪ½˼ǵĿĺܼ򵥣ǵԹǵЩ
΢΢ͷҶѾһУԼСЩɣ
ҶЦЦлѣλǰ飬ȸˡݷã
˵꣬Ҷתʧ˴С
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ţĵ
˵ͷڸһʱ䣬Ĳ˰
ʵھѾˡĵ
̾һڤ½Ҫ˰֪֮᲻֡
Ҳɣǲ֣½ܻᱻ



1558 Ҫʮ˴
Ҷ뿪ħ۹۶һƫƧĵطȻ˺ڡ
ڡ
ʱСڰСǽϡ
ܿ죬Ҷע£С׵üë΢˲ţ˫ۻ˿
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ܿ죬С׼ҶڼҶʱ۾ʱԲţܿ죬ֻСצԼ۾ȷҶһ¾˵ҶĻȻͬһӿ˳
ҶС׵СԴûˣûˡ
СצӽҶĲӣԴϲҶţǲӿǿ޵Ľһģ
һԣСһСףȻر𡭡ȻޣรҲԣһﻹǸСأ
ſţС׾ȻҶ˯ˡ
ҶС׵СԴһĨۡС׵ӺСЩЩжôĺ£
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ʱСͻȻְļϣʱЩɱȫصҶڡ
СڵĽѾܺˡִҪ壬϶ƴһսܾˣҪֻܾˡңܻλЩѡǾԲ뿴ģ𣿡
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ʱСֵֹɱ¾϶ֹɱ¾ȥġȻСһﻹţһҲţѾõ˱ӦҾã͸õΪֹˡңҾãӦðѾһϣҵĿǰģȥƴ
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СҡҡСԴȻСֻһ¡
ҶɫԭСܣڲˡ϶ϢԷˡ
˭϶ԷʲôĿģҶüͷ
ʱСҲ̫żԷûɱѣǴԷ϶ʲôĿĵģԣʱӦǰȫġʵӦöൣԼΪԷѣĿĿΪ㣡
Ϊң
Ҷ㶣漴뵽ʲôɫЩˡ϶ŮˣܾܿĻˣ
ǣСͻȻιҪҪССǰ͵ȥ
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С췭˷ۣڵĴΣյģ͵ĵطȥˣڻ㲻Ͱȫˡ
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Ҷҡҡͷ̬̬Ҫá˻һָѣÿѶѡӱܣһҲˡ
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˵С˫ֽǼᶨ֮ɫ

صʵҶС̤˻·
С˵ûץ϶ŮˣӦþصĻˡԷץ϶ĿӦþھʲôĿģ޷֪Ҳûʱȥ⣬ҪľҵĻ
ڴ磬ز죬ֻ˰æ
ʵǺڤΪڤ϶֪ʲôǣϧҲ֪ڤ
ԣֻҶҩ
Ҷνǡǹ߽νǵģҪСЩ
СڣһҪȻǲܵ顣
СƹݣС
ڶҩҶһ̣жʱһҶȥħ飬Ѿ֪ġڴ֮ǰҶħʲôڲûС
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Ҷ֮ǰ뺣ĻпĻ˵˳УҩҶĻɫҲǽ
ĬãҩҸоԷ˺ܴһڵڤ˵⣬Ҷվڤߣ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
֪ڤĻʲôԹֻ֪ڤѡȻѣ۶Դվڤߡ
ԣҩһ̾ĲҶڤУΪˮ̫ˡĻĵ̣ԲҶܹġڤѣҶ϶Թ۵ġ
ʵҶˡ
ҶҡҡͷȲЩˡҩ㾡ҲһΪ϶ϡ
ҩ˵ͷѾڲ飬ֻǣĿŵӴޱȣ¶ţԣֻҵһЩĸڲ顣
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʱҩǰĿռͻȻһ£ţһ˳ҩ˿ſţüͷ
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ҩ̧ͷҶ鹬㡣
鹬Ҷüͷʲô
Ҫҩ
ԣҶɫҪʮ˴ҴŸǣûУǺӽͼУҪҪҿԸǱܶǳ


1559 Ĺ֮أ
Ҫ
Ҷ֪鹬϶ǵõС׵Ϣˡ
ύС
ǿ϶ᣡ
ҩһҶ鹬ɲ壬˵Ƭǿļ֮һ
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ҩ룬ȻǾͲǣǲ˵Ҳ˵ôŰɡ
Ҷ˵ͷĿǰõİ취ˡҲ鹬ϣҪ֪Ѿ޷ʩչǺӽͼġ
ʱҶС

Ȼûֻؾǿ繷ߵĵزǣطǿȷʵܶܶ࣬ûǺӽͼҲ൱һֻؾûǺӽͼ£ԵɱһֻؾǿߣҲпܣ϶Ͳˡ
ֻؾǿ֣Ҳֻܵķݣ
ھҪһֻأ
һֻرֻһǿ֮ǰΪƣûдﵽԪ޷Ȼ⻹ûдﵽԪǣýӡԪ
취ǰʵ뵽ģڽⷴʵ̫ʹ࣬취ڣԽķ֮ʹѾϰˣڼԼΣգԣһֻأ
ڡ
⽣Ǳĺã
ҶʱСͻȻԣȻ
ҶС죬⣬Ϊʲô
Сҡҡͷ⽣ֻأ͡ڴĶԹᣬˡ⽣һ̫ˡ
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СĬ
ҶС죬һʵ磬Ҳһп硣ԵʴȣǶԼ̡
Сҡҡͷû˵
Ҷֵ˵ĵط棬һ飬ǳС죬Ҿã㲻ӦȥǸҪôۡ
СĬãȻܾúܾǰҲһģڡ˵⣬ҡҡͷȻ뿪ҡ
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ҪǹԪ⣬ԪǸ
ò˵һֻҶĿǰΪֹĽ
˽ʮʱųһֻصͷڽУȴһһ鷳
ںУҶÿ˷һֻ⣬һʱС׻Сˣû⣬С׶СҲǳϲСҲϲСסֵһ˵ǣСеСס

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СС£С׽ӹȥӰ˳ڵÿĲֺ
Ҷһֻھ̿£ҲԽԽȴûܹԵеĳ̶ȣڵֻǿʩչһֻ̫̫ˡҪԭûгգ

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һ̣һͻȻڳһת˲Ҷǧ֮⡣
Уһ˲ܿ죬ƬͻȻм˿ԽԽˮϳ߷ˣģźˮĵӣ˳ĺˣǧ֮ߡѿĿӣʱѾɣ
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һֻص󳬳رٶȣ˵Ҫɱһ˵ĻֻҪȷһ˵λãǧ֮˲ɱԷǧȡ׼
ΨһȽƵĵطǾ̫̫ˡ
һֱӳеʯڵһγɣңʹǸоеĲӣ˵еĻһǿҲԸԶٶҲԸ죡
ʵҲһֻصλޣԷʵԷԵʱԼһģҶߣߵľȴʩչһ棬϶ǻ᲻ġ
а˿飬˿飬ζڶʱʩչ˴һֻأ
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УҶͻȻ̧ͷһۣһ̣ʧԭء
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϶ϢˣУҶǰĶҩæʡ
ҩҡҡͷ϶ϢûУҵõϢǾǽ鹬㣬ҷȥܲһˡ
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Ҷˡӡ϶Ϊ˽ӡǺӽͼӡǺӽͼǽ޼Ķǽ޼ģ⽣϶ΪӡǺӽͼ͸ǽġ
鹬Ŀľ͸Զ׼ˡȻΪСף
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ΪʲôҶ⡣
ҩһȥʮǶҶ㶯֮֡ҾȥΪҾ̸̸ǵĿСĽӡǺӽͼǣǿԻǶ룬ΪӡǺӽͼСףһԨԴԳ̸̸Ȼ㳤ʱ䲻ԷĻ£鹬һԸ㣡
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ʱҩֵһȥһĿģǾǿǲҲǸĻĿܣǵĻ
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Ҷ˵ͷ鹬ɶμǣ鹬ǶԷĿܣȷʵ̫ˣ
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Ĺ֮ء
ҩȥĹ֮أνĹ֮أǴһؾҲһλĵطǸط֮飬ֻؾǿ߶̤롣ѾĹ֮صĳڵȺֻҪҵ˾ͻ
Ҷ˵ͷһϾ¾ͺã
Ҷûͣҩ뿪νǣȻǰ
磬µʲô
ޣ
µľǽޣ


1560 ݣ
ĿǰΪֹ˽޼ң⣬ûߵĽޡʹн޵Ľﵽ˹ԪҲ塣˽Ҫǣн򣬿ѹһн⣡
뿪νǺҶھδͺɽ
ɽҲǽܲ
ںܾǰɽԭλñһƬƽصģĳһ죬콫ʯ½޴ʯͱڵɽ޼磬Ȼطͽܲ
ɽɽºһɽʱЩڵҶǰһɵλʱǸоʲôЩʱ糱ˮȥ
ҶɨһܣȻ̧ͷȥ
ɽܴͬһڵľ޽ɽϿղǧɵλôһɫľ޽޽תţɫ޽תвϷһɫʯɽ俪
ֻؾǿߣȻǿҲҴӿпʯɽ
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ͻȻҶתͷԵŮӣʱŮڴҶ˶Էһۣܺң
Ů΢΢һ漴˵ͷܺ档
ҶЦЦȻǴ½һ𣿡
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Ůӵ½ϣǽޣĪԼǽΪ١˵⣬һҶȻʦĴˣ뽣𣿡
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ҶЦЦû˵뽣ûй뷨ʵ룬⽣Щ߲϶Ҳ롣
ԭ򣬵һҶʵ̫ǿƫ뽣˭ܹܵ
ڶҶһУֶ̫ǿ뽣󣬻
ܿ죬ɽɽ֮ϣһϵĸ¥

ҶϢ֪ôй¶˳ȥ˽󣬲һᣬܾ;ۼ˽ǧޣ
Ҷɨһܣò˵⽣ʵĺǿΪЩ޶˽⣬͵Ķ޾⣬Ҳ٣ʮ
ΧЩĿⲻϴҶкģгݵģҲƵġ
ڣҶ½һһ޵ĳƺţҶܹ½
ڴ򲻹򲻹ҲûϵԿ
ܿ죬һͻȻߵҶǰҶɸһսֻȽ裬Ƚ⣡˭֪Ҷǰ벽Ԫ⣬ȻҶȽ⣬ֻȽ裬˵ǣýⵥ
Ҷǰֱ꣬ݣ𣿡
ԣɫʱѿ
Ҷݣ

ɫѿü˵ǻ˻ȥ
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һããҶ˱ȭȻȥ
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УĿⶼҶϡڵ½ʣҶҫ۵Ľޡ½ҫ۵ĽޣȻǺġ
ҶĿϣңֻ뿴Ұɣ
µҶҲĨˡϵǺӽͼ뽣ӡҽԭ
Ǻӽͼӡ
ҶǷһĨЦݣ֮ǰҾѾµǵĿˡ˵Ǻӽͼ뽣ӡǽģ⻰˵˰ɣ
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ʱҶͻȻ½޼һ꣬˼Ҽҹ棬һľţԣ˼ҽǺӽͼ뽣ӡң˵һ󣬽ӹܽ󣬴Ž۷塣
˵⣬Ҷ˳һۣǽ޼ǰ˼ҵԸǻ𣿡
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ǵȻԸ⣬ǰ۷ôˣ˭Ը⣿Ҫ֪Ȼǽ޼˽󣬵ǣչǡȻ޼ڵĻ޼϶ǸģΪʵ޼֮
Ҷ˵һ㣬ҶƨĹϵ
ʱҶͻȻô˵Ŷˡǲؽ޼ǰԣ
µҶܹýĸ𣿡
ҶҲУǿԸҰǴһ֣˭ǣǾŪ˭ңҶĴ£ǺܿͿԳư½
ƤһһҶһӣ
ʱͻȻҶһˣͲҪװɵˡҲڹĨˣҽΪУĲ룬ϾҲʦĴߡǣӡǺӽͼҽش󣬻黹ҽм
ҶҡҡͷӡǺӽͼǽҵģԣҲ黹ǡȻҲΪУϾǽ޼ǰģ룬϶ìܡ
ӡǺӽͼ϶ǲύģ˵Ҫû˽ӡǺӽͼ޷Щ޷ʩչһֻء˵ʧȥʵۿۡ
˵ʵҲԣЩϵʵֻؾǿвģֲֻ࣬
ǷҪأʱһͻȻ
£նʱ
·ҶЦЦȻֱߣԣ
Уصձ˽š


1561 鹬˭ģ
˵ȻҶֻһߣǽ治Ҷ֡
ҶǺӽͼйԪԼڣһ㽣ʲôûá
һҶ߶ǺӽͼǽҲܲ𰡣
ʱҶͻȻǰһλһڱҡ֪˻ܾǵĿܣ˻ĳԱ֪𣿡
УʱͻȻλ϶ȥɡ
߿һ£Ȼһʧԭء
ߺ³ĬãȻء
Ҷ˫΢У֪
µ˵ͷ֪һ㣬޼ʦǴ
޼ǰǴҶһĨ죬û뵽޼ȻǸ
µ꽣մǿ߾ҪΪЧ޼ʦȻϣԷսȻ޼ʦʤˡ鲢ûнǸɳ˸ǿǿǰǶԷˡ
ôˣҶʡ
³޼ʦʧһʱ䣬ˡԺǸҲûǿҹǽ鷳˵⣬˶٣ֵ޼ʦʱ˵ģ
˵ģ
Ҷ˫ֻ޼ʵʣǼǿģԷܹˣǸʵöֲ
ʱֵ޼ʦȥ֮ǰҵȲҪȥǶԷֻҪǽǶԷԷ㲻ǣ޼ʦǸ֮Լ
˵⣬¿ҶҶ޼ʦʵڼǺӽͼεȵǿ󣿵ǣֻǸѡЭ˵ǣ֮УмʦûʦЩǿܵסǸ𣿡
ҶĬ
ֵУڤǺεȵǿرŮѪŮäŮǺεȵ죿ǣȻǸŪıӵλ档˵⣬¶˶٣ֵҶʦĴˣȰһ䣬뿪½ڤˮͱκˡ
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ˡ
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ڤ
ǰڤǳģΪѪŮäŮǵʵڣʼΪڤˡĺǿĿǰѾһ׼͵ڤˡ
һڤ½ĻˡΪǸ鲼ʱһս϶ǻᲨƬ½ġ
Ҷҡҡͷջ˼ȥЩ飬ٶ඼ûãҲûȥֹЩ˵ҪҵǸȻȻ϶飬ֻһһ
һҶɽ
νɽ鹬ĴӪɽڵ棬ڿ֮СЩɲ򵥣Щһλûɣ˵λ鹬Ȼķ󣬻ǿƶ͵ģֻҪ鹬Ը⣬ǿʱתƵط
鹬Ƭ·ϣ˵صҶ֪ǵĴڣ鹬ȴûˡ֮⣬ǲӭκ˻ޡҶ鹬ҲΪҶϵԵʡ
ɽ·ССʹҶ˳Сһͬʱ̧ͷɽдһ˿棬СиǴһ˿˷ܡ
ҶСС𣬡ȥ
С𵱼æͷСԥҲǵ˵СԴ
ҶЦǾȥ
˵꣬ҶСһһ𡣶ӽɽʱͻȻһƬЩѹû˺ǣֻǽǸΧ
Ҷ֣ʱСͻȻſС죬ȻһɲǼ䣬Щȫ˶ȥ
һԣСգգۣǳ֮ɫ
Сеĳ֮ɫС϶ʱ¶˵顣
ף
ʱɽɽͻȻһţҶǰĿռ˲ţһȹŮӳǵǰ
Ůźȹòֻȫǻɫģͷ۾ǻɫġ

ŮĿֱССϣССʱŮɫ
ССҲڿŮӣҶ֣СһУûн䱸ֻҪ档
ŮӿҶط̸
Ҷ˵ͷ
ҶŮɽɽɽϣûκνɽܴ󣬷ǳĴɽҶֵֹˮԼһЩû
ЩȫΧ˹ûйҶǶССС׻ЩŲСȴǺܿЩһƬССҲ˹ȥС׼Ҷ֣ʱΧС׵ԡ
ЩǳϲСףС棬ģСҲſˣЩһƬ
ǲ֪ҶԣŮͻȻ֪ǾԹۡ
ҶĬ
òãŮͻȻ
Ҷɫһ䣬ʶľҪܾʱͻȻԶСףʱСС𣬺ܸˣǳĸˡ
ɣʱСͻȻ˳С
С죬Ůüͷʱ
ʱСȴǶ֣Цû´Ƿ׵Ůɡ
ʶףŮӳ
С˵СԴʶأҲǺȷҪ˵ţתͷҶǸСɡ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ΣҲõĹޣС
ΣʲôΣҶ⡣
СתͷЩЩǣҲܹЩİЩѸٳɳҲܹЩͬԼѸٳɳ֮䣬ˣ
ңҲȫġʱŮͻȻ
ȫģҶŮӣΪʲô
Ůӵûκһǡ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ʱСָԶЩЩСһһ϶ûʲôвģǣһʮ㶼ǵĶ֮֡Уһһ𣬱ڣԸ⣬ǿһ˲еȫʧһƬءǸСףڳһ㣬½
˵⣬ҶûҶҪ군
Ҷ
У
ʱСͻȻֵССǵĵߣ
ߣҶ⡣
СͻȻ֪鹬˭𣿡
ҶСһۣɣ
Сü˺һᣬء
Ҷ


1562 ϲҶԸ
СĻҶŮӽһ㶣ҶŮһۣҶС죬㣬㲻˵İɣ
С̯̯֣֪Ҫˡ
Ҷ
С쿴ԶСףȻһУܲȫ㣬ҲĲȫõĹޣȻҪÿ㣬Ҳֻܹ
ҶĬãȻҲ鹬
ŮӿҶǲֻ࣬Ҫ鹬ҾԼˣ໥ɱ
ʱСͻȻΣ㱣֤Сұ֤û£
ҶС죬㶼ܣô֤
СҿССǰæ
ҶܲССҲһ£
СһҶ
ҶҡҡͷС죬̫ƫˡ
Сǲһӻġ㣬̫࣬࣬ССҪǱ㣬˵϶кöҪ졣
ҶĬ
С֪Сһĸ飬Ҳֻǽ飬£Ǹ㣬Լ
Ҷ̧ͷԶʱССѾЩһƬڶӵ£СԵ÷ǳĸˡУЩȻϲССǶСףûη壬ֻϲ
СҲûЩǲʱŪЩʱ򣬾Щ˵ʱ򡣵ǣС׸ǻŪ಻ͬ͸Сס
ⲻСǿյģЩԸ͵ģ
СãҶϷһĨЦݣСףҶЩʱСΧǽ䱸֮ɫʱСȴֱҶǰȻץסҶЩǰ
СҶЩҲЩҶ
С׵Ľ£ЩҶĽ䱸ʧˡȴҲûҶ࣬ЩǱȽϵִġӦ˵⣬ǶһжȽϵִ
ҶС׵ԴȻЦСףԺСòã
С׵˵ԴͻȻ뵽ʲôȻҶСצָָҶ
ȻҶأ
ҶЦЦһᾭģҡ
ʱСͻȻһâ˺ڡ
Ҷ齩˽ܿ죬ʶ˺ڣںڣҵСסʱССצգһ˲˲ضˣۿڣŨŨǸģҶҪ˵ġ
ҶСױڻȻû˵Ҫֿҵ˼ǣ㣬棬ȻҲʱң𣿡
˵⣬Ҷ˶٣ֵң㿴ûЩһġԸ棬ȻǶĻԺұ۸ˣǶҴܡ˵òã
СգգۣЩ⶯
ҶСףɫ棬ҲʱңֻҪԸ⣬ҲԸң𣿡
ССצ˺һᣬܿ죬СצӵķǳĿ졣
ҶȻС˵ʲôС˵ǣֲֿ
ҶЦòãԺ˰飬ʱҶ㣬ˣҲʱȥңҵҵģòã
ҲС׷ֿǣСװȫ
ȻڻܿҪˡС׸ĲȫСЩıСı֤ʲôôС׿϶ǰȫġǻŮӣС졣
СȻ֤ˣСһܰȫһ㣬ǾСĺܿġȻֻ֪ҪԸ⣬СһǣϣС̫ΣգҲȷʵû̫ʱСס
ܿ죬С״Ӧˡ
ȴһǾҶʱңʱҶ
㣬ǺŮЩԥȻǲСڸҶйϸҶϾࡣܿ죬ûˡΪҪӦС׾ͻԥҶȻϲطǣϲҶ
ССҶǴõЩȫ鹬Щ֣鹬ܹõĳɳҶ֮ԽЩֽʵΪСסЩȫСףԺЩֳɳʣΪС׵š
ĳ鹬ûôӣǣСܹãȫеλһЩ
Ҷ˾٣ɵõ鹬ĺøУˣŮҶ飡
飬ңȵ峤͸ŻҪ
飬һʮ飡
ʣ൱ʮԼҲǱ˵
ȥ֮ǰҶְǿ̺һСסСϲʲôǿڣ̺һӣСֻҪŬ϶ܹٳɳģ
ǿ飬СȻϲòˣס
ҶͳǿʱԱǻŮɫʱˡȻˡĿһҶȻл
ȻҪл
СӣС׵У鹬ʵһΡ˵⣬ҶáҪ֪Ƭ棬ӣΨһһˡ
ҶЦЦȻС׵ԴֻҪеģϲҶԸ
ҶĻСĿ˿ȻɵҶǰҶԴš
ʱŮͻȻպΣգ鹬һܣǰȫġ
ҶЦЦһ
ŮӵĻŵġط̫̫ˣЩ֣ĿԸıġңСƺطС첻ܣǣҪԸЩ϶Թ۵ġ
ֻ̫࣬Ҫһٸۣ֮Ǹƶˣϰۣ֮ǿŲǿЦİңСܻܽи࣡
ʱҶס鹬ÿСסʱСѾ״֮ǰӰ˳ĺܿģΪΧ档ҲϾЩͬ࣡
Ҷ֣СЩһ𣬳ɳٶȷʵǳǳĿ죬ͬģЩСһ󣬳ɳٶҲǱķǳĿ졣ЩǻŮӶС״һ𡣶ҲԼĻСס
ˣ
֮ĹϵȻǱȽʵ˵С׻Щ֮ʵû໥öԷ˼ǵ˼ʵȽϵΪûӴԭ
ڵ죬ҶͻȻյ˶ҩĴ
ϾѣȥĹ֮أ


1563 
Ͼѣ
Ҷɫ˵ǸĻˡζԷ԰Ͼ֣˵Ŀ
յҩϢҶǰĹ֮ء
Ȼ԰ϾʵģǣʣϾ϶вĻġ
Ĺ֮ء
Ĺ֮λħĽ㴦һλ񣬴

ֵķ˵Ǽصģƺţгƺ֮ϣ߱ʲôƺţûַء
ΪͨΪҲ
ң֮ôǿΪĽѾͨ
½ǾԲǵߴ½νܹġܹ⡰񡱵ģԶľ콾Ҫ֪Ĵ½ң뽣޼ʸ񱻳Ϊ֮⣬Ѿûڱ⡰񡱡
ҶܿĹ֮ء
Ĺ֮λĹɽʵĹɽĹ֮أɽһĹء˵ǿΪŪġ
Ĺɽܴһͷ
ÿ궼ǿĹɽеհ񣬵ѰǿߣѾ䣬ǣ϶౦ġҲȷʵǣǿڽĹɽȷʵõô
Ͼ֮Ĺ֮أĿĺܼ򵥣ν
ҶĽĹɽû˷ʱ䣬ٶȼӿ죬Ĺɽȥ
Ĺɽһɽϣڷһɫʯס
ʯ׵ǰԶһŮӣŮһϮۣͷβ״ұߣһɫǹ
ŮǰϾ
ڰϾͷһɫСˣʱɫСڲš
ʱһŮͻȻԶȱһۣƲһ̵ŮҲȱһۣ䣬Ʋһ
ܿ죬Ů̧ͣͷԶİϾãȻû뵽ܹ
Ů΢΢ͷȷʵû뵽
ɵӶóʱⰲϾڽĴСҲ֪ĴУû뵽ȻὫиϾҪ֪䵽ڣڼ䲻֪жپ޵ǣûл
ȱģ
̬ȡ
ϾܹϿɣϾж㡣
ĬãͻȻְɣҪɱã
Ҫʱʱһɫ۵ͻȻƾճŮӵǰ
ӶͷϣһССġ䡱֡
ӴһŮӣȻǡ
ӴһӣȻ˵ûǿߣ䣬ֻҪԼԸ⣬䡣ˡֱԣֻأ޷ᣬͬһţ𣿡
΢΢ͷû壬Ըδˣַֻʽ䡣ãԸϾͻˡ
ӿһԶİϾȻɲˡ
ָŮһۣһϣ
΢΢ҡͷһӡ
ӳĬһ˲ͻȻһЦδ˸Ҷ˵⻰Ȼʱͬաҿӵе֮˵ʵ
û˵ͻȻסĵһ̣
ͣ
ӵǰĿռͻȻ类йĴֱֽ˺ѿ˺ѵٶȼ죬˲ӵӵǰ
ʱͻȻһָָеĿռͻȻһӵָϣһĵһ̣һз·̡
һ˲ָһ
䣡
ǵȻѣʱһͻȻڳһһ̣һֱӵָϡڵָһָ̣ͻȻһתȻֱָӼסǱ
ʱͻȻɿеĵһ̣ΪֱӳǰһնʱȴͻȻָסǱ̵Ȼ˳ƳӵһбСһУУֱֻۿܶʧ
Ȼ֪ԭӵͬһ㳯˹ȻֱӿסǱĵʱͻȻɿǱȻָջػΪȭͷһ̣ҽһɿռ䣬˳ǰһͻ̣һȭ
䣡
һֱӱ˰ɿ⡣
Զ̧ͷֱӣʽ֮ϣиɻϧ壬һΣͻһȻֻ˲ܹԸ㡣
£ͻȻһʧԭأٴγʱѾӵǰһΣĵٱ֮ǰٿ¾ֻؾǿ߶ԿĹ켣ǣȴÿһζܹǳ׼ȷĵסӵĵҸ跴
ԽԽңٶԽԽ죬籩ꣻȴʼ̩ɽǣȴ͸ˡ
ڴģҪĵӣ
ȻҲ֪㣬ɱӣǣʧˡ
ʱһһȥԽԽãʱԶİϾͻȻ۾һ̣һǹƿնֱӣǣǹӻʮɾʱһסˡ
ϾһУʱɻصУҪ֣ʱԭӽֵͻȻǰ㲻ǵĶ֣ߡ
Ͼҡҡͷ
ӵǵʵ̫̫࣬ԶܵУߣĪҪĻʧĺ塣
£ͻȻתŮӣһֱ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾŮӵǰת˲һɲǼ䣬гӰ
Ů̳һ˲䣬뽣ڳн֯ݺᣬһ̣ɽʼѣϢ
䣡
ɽʼ
ɽʼһ̣ϾѾ뿪ԭءûΪֻ
һһŮھϸ̫߳࣬ΪҲǿʵ˵һһŮǳ֮ǿˡ
ǣ뿪ɽһ̣Ůӱٴγǰ
Ͼɫһȴη塣
룡ӵ
Ͼ˫΢УҪ֣ʱһͻȻڳ𣬡ܲܰҲϣ
ԣϾ΢΢һ漴ԲԶһ£ɢȥҶԡ
ˣϾ
Ҷ΢΢ͷû°ɣ
Ͼ΢΢ҡͷ¡
Ҷ˵ͷȻתͷһһŮܰҲ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷû˵㡣
Ҷʼ磬ĻɾͲȥˡ
תͷԵŮӣŮӻ˳ĿҶϣֻһ
Ҷ˫΢Уô֪
ֻ֪һ˭𣿡Ůʡ
һλޣҶ
ŮֱҶλ޾ҡ
Ҷ齩ס


1564 н
һֻأǿ
Ҷǳǳǿڴһֻ⽣λޣҶҲġû뵽˿̶Էվǰ
Ĭһ˲Ҷ㲻𣿡
Ůӵȷʵˣڣҵˡ
ˣ
Ҷ˫ֻգǸ˾˭ȻܹǰŮ϶ԷΪ
ʱŮֵҽ˽һ֮УϣԵܹãû뵽С
֮У
Ҷüͷ壬ܿ죬ҶˡŮˣǵ֮ߵѣ⽣ӦҲǶԷżȻá
ңӻн޼֣ҿ㽣赽˺̶ֳȡŮֵ
ҶĬƬ̣ȻãҲǿĽһս죬ڿԸˡ
£ҶֱʧԭأٴγʱѾŮӵǰһ̣ν͵ؾһն
նν
ҶΧĿռʱѿ
Ůɫ䣬Ҷͷʮʱסһ̡
䣡
һ˶ȻཻǺܿ죬˾ͱҶɢĽĻޡ
ʱҶĽŮӵĽţ޷ڽһ硣
ʱŮͻȻ΢΢һһ̣ҶеĽʱһת˲Ҷֱӱɵ˰ɿ⡣
ʱŮͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰţŮһ̳
Ҷ˫΢УҲһ̳һûȥŮӵĽֱӴŮӵǰ
Ůü΢һ̣һתһתֱӻҶĽϣҶĽĽУʱһƫʱŮͻȻ˳ƳҶǰһбСǣһΣҶûȥͬսŮһбС
ߵĽҪжԷʱŮͻȻսȻһ˵ʮɿ⣬һ̣һӣɲǼ䣬еĽֱӳҶͷͬʱһ佣ҶϿա
䣡
˲ըѿк£ֱӽҶû
һ˲һըͻȻڳͻȻ𣬵ǣЩûĽδʧǷǳȻٴγҶλȥ
УҶн治ϼӣĽӣһϳڳЩײһ
Ͻ֯ײЩΧĿռŪǧٿףޱȡ
ãЩʧʱҶѾһѪˡ鲼ۣÿһ۶ڲѪ
ʱŮͻȻһɱֻؾ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵǿҲͿŲסˡ
˫ޣ
Ůӳò˵ȷʵǿϧǣ̫ᣬ̫ͣ뽣ⶼûгȻҲϾ㻹ᡣʱ䡭ϧûʱˣ
£ŮսҶվһбһνֱƿնȥνҶǰһɵλʱǵͻȻһһ̣侹ȻûʮνʮνԲͬĽǶתųҶиȥ
ʮνȻԲͬĽǶȳҶȥǣ֮ȷʵβǺ£Ļͻ֣ᷢʵһ
޴ɶ㣬ֻӲ
ʱһɿֲĽɱͻȻҶڱӿһ̣Ҷνһն
䣡
һڳкȻ쳹ţʼʩչ䣬ÿһὫռ˺ѿת˲䣬еĿռѾǧٿס
ú󣬳лָƽ
ʱҶٴαһѪˣ
Щܹķ
ŮתͷԵӣ߰ɣ
΢΢ͷȻҪ԰Ͼ֣ʱҶͻȻûء
ŮӿҶ֪н򣬿ǣн𣿡
ԣҶͫһ˿Ůֵڣûý⣡ܹѹƽ⣬ǣ˼Ҹûý⣡
ôѹƣ
ŮֱҶ˵ڻԣڿԲ
ʱҶͻȻԭأٴγʱѾŮӵǰһ̣͵һն
Ůü΢һĨɱ⣬ͬʱһһն
ΣҶܣٴô֮ǰҪĴ򷨡Ůʵ߹ǣԷûǿһԱԷǣԷܲһƵķһǾ˵ˡ

ŮһҶҶ˾룬ȻҶ֣Ҷɲһޣһޣ
ŮٴʩչǿĽһһ˲Ҷû
䣡
һΧĿռʱһ󼤲·Ҫһ㣬ޱȡ
ܿ죬ɢȥҶУʱҶȴûʲô£Ϊǰһײĸǣ
ײĸǣ
ҶղͻȻԼΪʲôҪŮ˵ıȽأƽŮѹԼľԸⵥԷȽǣ˼ֻؾ۷ǿߣֻߣ
ʱ˼ҵıȽⲻ
ԣҶó˹ײĸǣ
ײĸ֣ЩȫײĸǵֵȻʣµЩҶϣǶ˵Ǿ͸һ
ŮӿҶײĸǺһᣬȻñ
ҶûзϻֱһʧԭأٴγʱѾŮӵǰȻ֮ǰһһ̳
ڵĿĺܼ򵥣ҪŮӽⲫҪԷȶԷǿ𣬶Է治𣬶Էһ룬ͻùײĸǡйײĸڣͲ¶ԷԶ̹
ΪҶóײĸǺ󣬳оƶʱŤת˹ȻҲûռˣϾԷʵŮҲûռıˡ
һʱ˫ս˽֣
һԹսİϾɫЩÿˣϾǵģΪȥҶ϶ֲסġһһλֻؾǿߴģôܴĹߣԱ߻Ǹӣ
䣡
ʱͻȻһըţҶֱӱǧ֮⡣
ǧ⣬Ҷͫ΢ΪղŮʩչһһ֮ǰ屶ʱ˹ײĸǣܻᱻԷһʬײĸϣ˿̶һʮֵĽۣ
ĹײĸǣһαƿˡȻûбƿǣѾ֤ԷղһжôĿֲ
˿̣ŮɫЩѿԭΪҶ˵һ׾ٵ飬ϾҶڲߡȻŷ֣ҶҪǿ࣬رӵһҶ
Ҫ˷ʱˣ
ʱһԵͻȻȥˣҪˡٶȽסŮӡ˵ţתŰϾ˹ȥ
һԣŮֱҶˣ
£еĽͻȻҲĽҲΧĿռ侹Ȼһͬһһζ
ҶƤһŮ˸ʲô
ʱһͻȻڳ𣺡ô۸󱲣Ҳ˼ԽԽȥ˰
Ҷһ㶣漴ϲ


1565 壡
Ҷ֮ԴϲΪϤ
ѪŮ
ѪŮδ֣Ϊ͸ռ䴫ģҲ˵ѪŮʱڸ
ԶŮһۣܿ죬Ŀ˰ϾϣҪʱһͻȻǵǰ
ӿʮң󣬱һĳǹڳǹһβλǹ⴦ͷպǹλá
ӣҶɫޱȵأԷĸоǣɲ⣡
ӵʵܻõýŮ֮ϣ
ĸо
ڤٻء
£ȻתͷҶȿռʮɽʱ򡣡
˵꣬һֱʧԭءͬʱŮҲһʧԭء
ǣǿʱϾͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷǿ
밲Ͼ򲻹Էκһˡ֮ǰŮӴļңʵŮӵʵԶϣңԷȻû档ȻǺӽͼ뽣ӡǶŮӣûаǺӽͼɱԷ
ҶɫǸص˾˭Ȼܹôǿ߳
ʱҶ밲ϾǰĿռͻȻ˲ţһѪâڳһѪâɢȥѪŮҶ밲Ͼǰ
ҶһѪŮ󣬵ڤŮأ
ѪŮҶҶСʮʧ
ҶһȻæôᣬ㡭ѪŮЦʱ֪ѪŮڸЦ
ҶЦЦҲϲƤˣ
ѪŮЦȻǸ
ҶһΪʲô
ѪŮתԶǣǸǲġΪǵԵʣʼ㣬ץѡ
ʱҶͻȻѪŮĻ˵û˼ˡҾã֮˵Щ׻ûʲô˼Ҫ浣ұԷɵҼֳԽƷ׵ıҾԲӶģ
ѪŮ΢΢ҡͷ̫ˡֱҶûУܹӵôʵҶ㣡
Ҷ
ʱѪŮͻȻϾĴУ
Ͼ΢΢ͷ
˲ã
ѪŮ񣬿ɲλЩЩϸ˵㲻ǵ½ϵڵ½ʵһ㶼ңӡ۹⼫ߣЩ֪жϣõĴУûпϡ
ҶЦϾϣֻ˵Ҫȵɻˡ
ѪŮһ۰ϾȻ˵ͷȷʵţ츳棬һ㶼㣬ԣǱ㻹ǿ㲻ô϶ġ
Ҷ˷ۣѪŮ˵ҲԣҪûк϶Ĳ簲Ͼÿһ˶ԼĻԵͺñȰϾһ·ҲഫȻϾ츳ȷʵӹɵġ
أʱҶʡǡȻָڤŮǡ
ʱûѪŮ
һҶ㵵㲻£
ѪŮһҶҲҪˡ
ԣҶһůѪŮǿ϶ǵõԼڴ类ԵϢѪŮŸ
ҶһΣա
ѪŮʵǿǣղҲǿĻѪŮ϶ģǣ˼ҿ϶ѡģҲѡġ
ѪŮʱ£Ϊȫǣǵɱһԣǽûе֮ǰǲֵġϾһҪӵĻʮǿǿ߶סҡ
ҶǸʲôǸνġˡʲôˣ
ѪŮĬãȻԺͻ֪ˡԺʮͻ֪ˡ
ʮҪȥҶ
ѪŮԷʮȥĿʮȥʮ죬ӦҲ๻ˡ
ҵǴˣҶʡ
ѪŮ΢΢ҡͷûҵ
ǡҶĹ𣿡
ѪŮ򲻹ҲҪܲܿȥɣ
ҶжԸӣʱѪŮʵ̫ˡ׼ȥһطǸطӦЩ
Ҷʡ
ѪŮĬһ˲Ȼڤ
ڤ
ҶһݣѪŮܲ
ǲڰǸϢѪŮͻȻʡ
Ҷ˵ͷһѣ
ѪŮüͷһ壬ġ
ôҶ⡣
Σգָ·ѪŮ˵ֱ꣬ץסҶ밲Ͼļʧԭء
νǡ
һֳȵŮͻȻνǵĳſڴŮӳֺ󣬶ʱΪ˳еĽ㣬˵ĿⶼŮӵϡ

ǣ
Ůûй˵Ŀ⣬СƹݣҪСƹʱͻȻͣΪʱˣˣǧ֮ࡣ
ŮתɨһЩˣһ̣һӣһڳзǧ彩Ӳԭأһ̣һǧ˾Ȼһ˲ȫܿ죬ȫݻһѳƮȥ
һ̣Щ˴ֻ̣˲Ϣʱ䡣
ŮתСƹݣʱһȹŮŮӵǰС룡
Ů΢΢ͷȻʧԭء
֮С
ҩǰŮӣӰһ̿ʼҾѾԤϵˡ
ŮӴһ۶ҩڶҩüͣһ죬Ĭã顭ѹ֡
飿ҩüͷ΢壬ʲô˼
Ůӵ䣬ʣ壬ǻڳˡ˵⣬˶٣ֵҲ壡
ҩĬû뵽ԼȻʲô塣
ʱŮͻȻЦ壬ǣܲƬصϲԣһʱֻһλλ֤һλҪ͸һ
ҩŮãĿڤŹҶ𣿡
ŮӷʣɱڤҶŹ𣿡
ҩĬ
ŮͻȻһҺܺ棬֪нյ³ΪλҪ
ϲһ𣿡ҩͻȻ
ŮӳĬһᣬ˵ͷˡһ˰ɣڣ϶᲻ϧһд
ʱҩͻȻóһ״绨ҩķǰϣҩݡҰ˵Ҫ󲻶࣬żһܹұӡ
£ҩϣǣһĨѪ


1566 ׽֮
һѪâνϿһܿ죬Ҷ˳νС
ҶǾƹʱɫʱ
ΪƹڣѾһˡ
ԣһˣھƹڣһȹŮӡȹŮӣҶʶС̣Ƕҩš
СأҶʡ
Сˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ㣬ʲô˼
СֱҶ֪ڰǸʱСѾԤϵԼĽˡǸҪֲ̫̫࣬ǣ̫ôСģҲϢġȰ֣Ϊڲȥˡǣ
Ҷ˫۱أ
С̳ĬãȻ֪ԷԣڶԷʱԻԼץöԷв㡣
гĬ
һԣҶ۽ǲ֪ʱѾ峺Һ塣ãҶǣҺң뵽Էģ뵽ġ
˵꣬ҶתȥȴѪŮ밲Ͼס
ѪŮ嶯ֻܱ
ϾҲǰ
ʱСͻȻС˵𣬾ͱ嶯ţϣ
Ҷ˫ֽգĬãתȥҾ
ѪŮ밲ϾûʱҶȷʵҪѪŮһ۰ϾϾ΢΢ͷȻ˳ȥ
ϾҶȥѪŮС̣Сʬأ
СҡҡͷҲ֪
֪ѪŮü΢
С̵˵ͷڼŮʱСУǵҽȥСŮӶѾСŮӣǾƹЩǸ˶Ѿȫˡ
ΪʲôûѪŮС̡
С̿ѪŮҸ仰
ʲôѪŮʡ
С̵˵ĹѾΪǽýˣڣͲˡ
ѪŮ΢΢ͷǻʲôԾĹ
˵꣬תȥ
СƹſڣҶڵϣ忿ϣĿ⿴ʣҴһ˿ã
ʱϾҲҶԣû˵
οˣᣬҲãʱ˵ʲôοĻû塣žͺã
ãҶû뵽ô붡ҩʶģʱ֮仹ֹìܣȻͺã໥֮ҲкøУǣԶԶûĳ̶ȡ
û뵽ҩȻΪô
ϾΪ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ
Ͼû˵ˡҶҲװϾ˼ˡ
һӺҶȻס˰Ͼ֣һȥڤ
ʵ
һ̣ҶеҪʵֻʵܹȻ϶ܹڵ޷ԿҪʵĥĥ˷ʱ䡣
ʹڴıˣʱҲҪѹס
ܿ죬Ҷ뿪νǡ
һʱѪŮĴ£һƬ֮ء

ǴʱҶĸо
˼ǰߣܿ죬һƬ˵СӷĹģƬ֮ϣ϶ΰĽ
˼ǰߣܿ죬һƵĹ˵СҶĿ˹ǰλã֣ڤ
˵ڤܲ
ǰĹѪŮĬĿ˿˿¡
˺һᣬѪŮлָƽȥɡ
˽빬󣬹߶ʱЩѹ֣˺ѹֵĸо
㣬˵һڤ𣿡ҶͻȻʡ
ڤǺģǳأص˶Ƕ֪֮١
ѪŮĬһ˲Ȼڤһ֮˴ģвֻڤʮڤй٣ڤ˾ڤطڤʹڤʥڤȣЩ֮£ڤʿš˵⣬˶٣ȻЩ֮УڤйʵǿҲأʹǶûڤطڤʥʥ֮ڤڤʮ
𺳣
ѪŮĻҶ밲ϾѾˣ
Ƕû뵽ڤʮֻڤеһ֣ңڤ֮бȽһݣ
ʲôЦ
ѪŮʵĿֲ
ڤʮڤоȻֻȽһݡ
ʱѪŮֵǵܲ½ڤʮ½ҲֻΪһֻûúڤͻȻʧˡʧڤڲʱʼҶһְû뷨Ǿûлȥǡ
˵⣬ɫû뵽û⣬ûãڤط½ҵǣԷҪʮȡڤλáȻͬ⣬ڤطȻ˽ץ˽ŮŮԴвǡ󡭡ڤطľֵİа¾ȳ˽ŮŮɱڤط𡣡
ڤط𣬺ǿҶʡ
ѪŮ˵ͷǿҼ֮Уڤ⣬ܾ˿ʤ
Ҷ
ѪŮﵽֻؾңӣֻؾңӿʤɱڶͬǸˣ˿ɱǲɱôɣңԷý֮ܣһɱ޼ǵߣ֮ǿѾҵ֪˵ڤط𣬿¾۷ʱڵĵ޷⣡
ߣ
Ҷһݣ߾˭ֻлڳ˯С߲֪ߵʵȷʵЩ̬ЩǷǳǳı̬һƷͻɱʩչǺӽͼĽ޼ֻһƷ
һƷ˵ǿǱǿʲô̶ȣ
ʱѪŮֵȻɱڤط𣬵鲢δǵǸĻҲڤģ
Ҷɫһ䣬ԷҲڤģ
ѪŮ΢΢ͷڤʹ֮еʹڤȨڤڴСС鶼ڹܣ½Ҳɵġ
ΪʲôҪԸǣҶʡ
ѪŮΪڤط磬׸磬Ǹܺãǳã
Ҷ˵ͷԭˡ
ѪŮϸ˵Ҳڤڲ¡ֻЩǸˡ
ҶҡҡͷȻһ⣬½ʲô
ѪŮĬһ˲Ȼ׽Ƭ֮
Ҷ΢΢һ˵ʱһ׹ڳһţСѪŮǰ
ߺߣ
С쿴ѪŮЦš


1567 
С죬ѪŮжʱһĨء
СŮصĺܣ
ҶСֱۣЦʲô˼û˵Ҫ׽㣬˵֮
С쵭ûʲôЦЦ
˵꣬һֱӽҶڡ
Ҷ
߰ɣʱѪŮͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷҲ˷ʱˡ
ѪŮĴ£˽˴ڽ֮󣬺ܿ죬ǰû·ˡ
Ҷ밲ϾѪŮ
ѪŮһӣɲǼ䣬ǰǽͻȻһãţǽڳ߻˿һᣬһų˵ǰ
߰ɣѪŮ
˽֮ҶоΧһͻȻģͬʱԴʼЩ֪˶ãҶоԼԴѾָ
Ҷ۾ʱѾ֮ǰĴСܣһƬտ֮أʲôҲûС
ǣҶѪŮ
ѪŮƬ磬ǳ֮ʱ֮֮طǴ㵱꿪ٳģһӦ˵ֻ֮ȫ롣
˵꣬ҶߣҪһֻиֻ֮ʲôܹ̤֮棬Ҫ֮ѺѡࡣҪòֻܹ֮ܿԼ컯ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷˣ
ߵҪ򣬾֮ͬǰĽһˣﵽµһΡ˵еǣҪɲһ򵥵顣һ£ֻھջ۵Ĳϻ£ſڹؼʱͻȻ
һ£һʼѺѣ˼ǧΣΣܾͻ֣ᷢԭҲǺѡ֮ԾòǺѣΪеһЩɡĳЩؼͻ֣ᷢʵԭü򵥣
ʱѪŮϾҲ۷壬һ츳Ҫãţ㲻̫þܹ̤ġ
Ͼ΢΢ͷл
ʣط֪ˣ϶ǿΪ֮ġ൱һߵĽݾ
ѪŮһ۰ϾҶȻҲˡʮһǡ˵꣬תȥ
ѪŮ뿪֮󣬰ϾʱҶͻȻǽȥ
˵ֱ꣬סϾֽ˺㡣
ȻҪںֻʮʱ䣬ʮ֮ʵֻںڲпܡںڣζнµʱ䡣һʱ䣬ζŶһ
ȻҶ밲ϾںڣǣⲢӰǸΧ֮ΪʱҶλþһƬռ֮УǿԸӦЩ֮ġ

ʱҶ밲Ͼʼν֮
ò˵Ҷǲϲַʽģ˵ȥΧЩ֮ӣʵЩܵĺܡˣ˼ҶʼҰϾд衣
ԴˣϾȻûʲô壬ǰҶдˡ
ڡ
Ͼֳ죬ɫƽǰԶҶҶս棬֮ϣơ
Уһۣһ̣ͬʱʧԭء

ͻȻһཻΧռһҶ밲Ͼһ֡һ̣˱ٴսһ
ֻԱʽûøԵ⾳
ϾսʶǿҶǽͨԷǳҵϾǣÿеһ˲ϾͺѾ֪ҪôƵģܿһסʽò˵ҶЩ
һԣϦĿһ˲˲ضųеҶ밲ϾҶ밲Ͼ֮սǼ侫ʵģȻǶûʵΪ˲žʡ
ʶĽ
˵˭ǽս˭ù
սãҶʼʹˡҲǲĴ򷨣׷˷󣬾ƶʱŤתˡΪϾ˼ˣϾûҶܸҶһҪĴġ
һʱͣ
ʤ
ʵҲû취ֳʤΪǰϾҶǵĳֶббң̶ֳȣҪֳʤĻҲζҪֳˡ
ʱ˿ʼ
֮
Ҷʼʱʵ˵˿ʲôҲûиӦǰϾȴ˵Ӧˡ
츳Ĳ࣡
ܿҶҲӦˣΪʹ˽򡣽һеһжΡӦˣܹҪĥ֮׵ܹ̤
ߵľǡ򡱡㲻ĻҲܴﵽ
¹ȥҶ밲Ͼûж
ĳһ죬СͻȻ˵㡣
ǻ򣿡Сʡ
һԵϦ˵ͷ
СƲƲ죬ģ˯ȻҲŲء
ϦһС죬Ȼᱻ۸
ǣ
СԺССҲȻǱ۸
ϦƤ΢Ȼ֪С˵ġСС족ʲôĬһ˲֮ҲԱĸǿ𣿡
Ȼ
С쵽Ǻ񶼲ôϲҪǻûͣ˿ǺǾͻԼôԼǿˡҪʱ䡣˵ˣȥˡ
˵ţҪȥʱͻȻһԵİϾʱһɿֲϢͻȻ԰Ͼڱӿܿ죬ϢǱ˻ȥ
һԣϦʡ
Ͼ۾һϦȻ΢΢˵ͷ

Ϧɫݣû뵽ϾȻôʹﵽ츳̫ˡ
һԣСͻȻߵ˰Ͼǰһ۰ϾȻʣء
ϾһС죬ǣ
С죡
СһЦССյ졣˵ţִһ۰ϾȻʲʺֻ˵һõ㣬ҪǿŬŬóŬУҶˣڶûеʧܵļһ
˵꣬Сһһ뿪ҡ
˭ϾϦ
ϦĬһ˲ȻһԽֵ֮СŮ
Ͼ
ʱһһȥתһ¹ȥҶûж
ʱѪŮѾˡ
ϾϦ뿪˺ǰѪŮ
أѪŮʡ
ûãϾҡҡͷ
ѪŮü΢ȻûʱˣʮѾˡ
ҪҪϦͻȻ
ɣ
ѪŮҡҡͷʱǹؼʱ̣ܹһ񡣡
ǣϦ
ѪŮһ۰ϾϦȻϦϾߡ
ȥģϦʡ
ѪŮ˫΢Уɽ
ЩأϾʡ
ڸ·ϣȥ
ѪŮ˵ֱ꣬ץסϾļʧԭء


1568 Ҫ
ѪŮ밲ϾʧһʱڵҶͻȻ۾
䣡
һ˲һɿֲͻȻҶӿ˳ƳֺҶΧĿռʱһһͬһ㣬Ϊ׳ۡ
ܿ죬糱ˮӿҶڡ

һԣϦæߵҶǰʡ
ҶһȻ˵ͷڴﵽˣڣһֻؾǿ߶Ҳûвˡ
ҶﵽϦһɣﵽҶʵ϶õġζţڽǸʱ༸ʤȯ
ҶɨһΧȻϾأ
ʱϦ뵽ʲôæȥѾһȥˡ
Ҷ㶣ܿ죬ʮʱѾˡ
ҶҪߣͻȻȥģ
ɽϦ
ɽģҶʡ
Ϧ
ܿ죬ҶɫЩѿˡΪ֪ɽ

յ½е㲻ƽ
ڡ
յĵڣͻȻһλ֮͡λ֮һŮӣŮһϮ鲼ȹ˫΢գûرĵط
Ůֱ˵ڵϿգڵϿպһֻؾ߶ʱŮӵǰ
߿ŮӣüǺˣΪôҵڣ
ծģ
Ů£ͻȻ۾۵һ̣һͻȻ˫֮еֺ߳ʵĹâһ̽ʧ׼ȷ˵Բ֮ڵĹȫʧһƬڰ
УǵǳΨһĹ⡣
ٶȼ죬߻δعһţǵֱû·ĵ֮С
䣡
ؼͻȻһ
˲֪ãϿսָ˹ǣȴǱһƬ桭Ƿ֮Уûһˣ
ʮȫɥ
ս
ڵڱʱŮսһŮӣɫɷףϴԹɱ⣻һһͷ翹󵶡
ŮӳսϿʱսһֻؾǿ߶ʱŮǰ
ֻؾǿüǼ棿ΪҸоλеϤ
ȻϤ
ŮЦһڤ֪𣿡
ԣɫȻ䣬㣬ǡδ˵꣬뵽ʲôתߡ
ʱŮһŮȴͻȻ֡
һƿնȥֱߣͬʱһɿֲɱԹɲǼ佫սûһ˲䣬սΪ˼
սͬһʱ䣬öš
ܿ죬½˶֪ڤĵˣ
ڤ
ɵڤɱشծˣһʱ䣬Σͬʱ壬壬ħ壬Լ׷׽䱸κ˽巶ΧȻ˻ˮ
ڤĳ֣½ƽˡ
֮Уɱڳţһһ½ʧ

ʱѪŮ밲Ͼһɽ֮УɽӸ߿ո¿Ļͻ֣ᷢɽͬһſŵľ
Ǿ棿ѪŮԣϾʡ
ѪŮ˵ͷԼҪСЩ
Ůٶȼӿ죬ܿ죬ŮͣΪŮǰͻȻһǹӡ
ӣϾɫʱ֮ǰӣǸʱоӷǳΣգڣǸоӷǳΣա
˵ȴȥ㶫˵䣬תʧԭء
ѪŮץסϾļһȥ
һӺѪŮ밲ϾͣǲԶʮĹʮĹһÿһĹǰпʯʯ֡
ߵĹʯϣ֣Ůڶ̵ǣѪŮ̵ǣäŮ
ʮĹʯϣ̵ڤʮµ֡
ԶǱǹӿѪŮ˵Ͳˡ
ѪŮЦЦģǻףʲôԾĹ˵꣬ӣ߰ɣȥˡ
΢΢ͷҲϻתԶȥ
ܿ죬ӵĴ£ѪŮ밲ϾһǰʱһֳȵŮ֮˳
ŮĿѪŮϣЦû뵽һŪô󶯾ãԤ֮С
ѪŮŮãȻ֮ĶԹ׵˽ˡ
Ů΢΢ͷǸ˽ˡһУӵλȥһΣˡ
ѪŮ꣬ǽƲߣûоһ𣬱ƣһΣҪǾһǺİ
΢΢һЦûʲôģֻǲڼ˷ʱˡ˵⣬ͻȻ̧ͷʣĬãȻûǴŮϢôʱ𣿡
£ͻȻ־ŵ⣬ܿ죬ŵѪŮԣɢȥäŮŮС
ϾɨһäŮˣһݣΪ֣äŮ֮У͵ĶӦ˵ֻһǾŮģڤŮѾȫֻؾ
ȫֻؾ
ɨһäŮˣȻ˵ͷѹָԭȫָʵҲǣôˣҪǻָܻȫʵδ̫Щ˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵϧǲ
벻֪𣿡
ѪŮվ˳ȹ𣿡
ҡҡͷҵĶ㣬֮УҲֻʸҶ֡㣬ʵˣ
ʱһԵǹͻȻվ˳ѪŮУҿԷ㡣
ѪŮӣһ̣һѪâѪâٶȼ죬˲Ѿӵǰ
ɫ䣬ֽճȭȻһȭ
䣡
һըѪŮǵѪâȻѣʱѪŮȴͻȻӵǰɲǼ䣬һɿֲѹֱѹӡʱͻȻֻƣȻ͵һԼǰĿռ֮ϡ
䣡
ΧռһѪŮǹѹȻɢһִ̣һƵը£ѪŮصԭλҲ˽ɵľ롣
ѪŮ˫΢УʱͻȻһ⣬ܿ죬ѪŮԣɢȥҶѪŮԡ
ҶɨһܣȻûܹ֮ҵ⣬ȻΪСİæ
ˣһԣڤŮͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷһڤŮȻѾֻˣ
ڤŮ˵ͷʵѾȫָ
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СͻȻȥܿ죬ߵǰȻֱ𣬡˭ﶯ֣ҾŪ˭
˵ţֵ˵ǰҪ𣿡


1569 һ£ɣ
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Ů˭ڤʹ֮һ
֪ڤʹʲô֪ڤ㱻𡣻Уϱ۵ŮӻǱǹӶķΪ䱾˵ʵǿ˺̶ֳȣ
ڣС쾹ȻȻŮˣƵ˳ףԷһӣ
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Ȼû뵽С
ʱҶͻȻС죬ͱΪˣ϶Ҷֵģôǰ֣ⲻ𣿡
Ȼô˵Ѿںֶ֣ϣŮӶ֣ŮС֣˵С϶а֣ԼĴŮӲﶯ֣СܾͲְæˣ
СϵȻȴһԭˡԣҪСְæǾֻŮӳ֣
Ůӻδ˵һԣǱǹͻȻҪС֣ʱŮͻȻ΢΢ҡͷ
Ůҡͷǹ˻ȥ
ŮֱǰС죬СãüͷͻȻõһӵһЩһЩܹδһЩƬεĿǰΪֹ֮Уֻȫ޷⣬һ㡣˵⣬һҶһ㣡
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ԣҶ΢΢һ漴һϲŮˣǹҪŭС찡Ҳã⡣
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Ҷûʵҿ϶ȥϣΪֻǡǣС죬ȫҾһǲģܹﵽǡ˵⣬̧ͷʣǴ㻹û֣ǣȴ˴磬ΪʲôΪҡŮǱǿԲģǻˡ˲ңܸˣ
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Сں⣬ûаСʲôϸ˵С첻ǷģǷСࡣ
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Ĭһ˲Ҷһ£ɣ
£Ҷֱӻһ


1570 ɣһ
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ʱͻȻ˫ۿ··һͻȻ˳УɢȥҶ밲Ͼ˳С
ʲôѪŮüͷ΢塣ƽĶۣҶʵҲȷʵ԰ﵽǣǲϣҶκϡսҶڻ̫ᣬκϽǳΣաҶ츳ֻҪʱ䣬Ҫ̫ãʮ꣬κһ˶Ķ֡
Ҷҡҡͷҩܰ
֮һԭǾǶҩŮ˰װΪ
ѪŮһҶȻԼСģ
Ҷ˵ͷȻСģ˵ڳûκһ˱Ӧ˵밲Ͼġ
Ҷɨһ۳УȻͷɣ
£ͷϵĽӡʱѩһ̣Ľֱӱ˹ԪⱻԪҶһӣǺӽͼ˳УǺӽͼĳ֣гʱһƬǿա
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ҶĿĺܼ򵥣һˡܴ򲻹κһˣһ»ǿԵġ
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ת˲ͻȻƬսݺύЩĳ֣Щ˶ʱЩ˺ѳƬ

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ܿ죬ɢȥҶϱŮӳ˳С
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ڣȻǿǶϱŮȴܹķ
һõҶףԷٶ뽣ϵıǿࡣ
Ĭһ˲Ҷ߶ڵڵܿ죬֮ڱֺ֮Ҷ϶ʱһͬʱڵĺѾϵ޸߰˰ˡ
ϱŮӳҶȥʲʣָʻ졣ҿָ죬ҵĽ죡
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ʱһɽһѪâͻȻǽ֮бЩûҶĽʱسܽ俪ʱǶϱŮȴѾҶǰȻһֱָ̳Ҷ
ȻҶѾ֮ӳ֣ɲԼĺȥӲϱŮӵĽ΢΢һ࣬Ҫ㿪һȻʱǱȴͻȻһУٴĺٶȱ֮ǰҪ죡
쵽ʲô̶ȣ
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ƾսܣҶͬ۶һһʱǽȴͻȻͣһ̣ͬһһն¡ʱҶһתԼǰ

һӴһ̶ըڳһ̣Ҷֱӱһس·׹ȥȻϱŮӵĽȴȻҶĽ˿̣ҶϱŮ֮ľ룬ֻвʮ֣
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻӿһɱ뽣⣬ɱ뽣Ѹһ̣⾳͵ر
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ͬʱһƬսֱӱ


1571 ϵ
սϱһӳвŽָƽ
УҶǶϱŮԶ˾ǳĽʮ֣Զһ㿴Ļȫһġ
һ˲ϱŮͻȻӮˡ
£ϱŮ彥һᣬ峹ʧ˿С
ڶϱŮ峹ʧһ̣ҶȫͻȻѿһĻǷǳֲģҶ壬ȫʼۿɼٶȹš
Ҫ׹ѳƬһʱһϹͻȻڱӿţӺ˳ЩֺҶѵٶȶʱģ֧忪ʼϡ
УҶ˫۽գǲѪͬʱü䴦һöϸСʯͷ
ʱϸСʯͷڽ黯
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һֻǶϱŮûκαͨһֻءҶ֮ʤΪ㣬һǽ֮ǰʩչ˽ȻԷûʩչ⣬޷ýѹƶԷ⣬ǣɲֻѹƽ⡣
ǰ֮ԲýѹƱԼǿĵˣΪһԷĽĻʹĴۣҲ
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ŮŮ㵵Ŀ֮УβڽӴҶȭͷʱʱͬһ㵹أͬʱɫӴ徹Ȼһͬһ㡣Уŭ֮⣬һĨʹ
ŮҶһôǿ
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ι԰һϵ
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Ҷ㶣ȻԶĽɫ


1572 ѾĴң
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ʱҶǼǿģΪ֮ӳšȻɫǲģңҲƵɫķǣҪƽɫķ
ͨƼȭԣֱӽ͸Էķ˶ԷڣȻɣõڽɫڱ
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ȻʱɫѾ·磬Ҷɲ˿Ĵ⣬Ϊ̫ǿ̫ǿˡ˵ŮˣҶ溳ҶھĥһһĥҪɫĥƣ
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˵ǵǣƣҶɫĻҶɫĶ֣Ƽȭ𶼲С
һᣬҶǽɫע⣬˫ֱסǽɫβȻתڵСУһ˲䣬ɫβֱӱС˺ڡʱǽɫǸӦʲô·ҶȴŽɫβͣһһѽɫϡ
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϶һС죬а취𣿡С죬ǺϤ֪СŮһŮ֮ǰСǰһĻǿ˵ġ
СһҰڶβȻû̫õİ취ֻϡ
˵ţɵβǰȻ˫ֱסβϡǺܿ죬βһڣֱӰ˳ȥ
϶
ԶСգգۣͻȻһʧԭأܿ죬˵ڶڣţ¯ǰ¯ڣ𣬲ʱڳ˯
СһЦãҪǲͬأ͵ͷҿʼඣһۣͬˣ
˵꣬Сһץֱץһѻ棬֣Сֶʱ˲̣
˵꣬һʧԭء
ܿ죬ֳ˵һȻǶ泯βȥɫЦѾĴң
˵ţСһףǶֱβϡ
𣡡
⣬ɫͻȻҽڶܿ죬Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮УɫȻԼûڡ
һԣŮŮľ
ҶæڣʱڣɫڷڶţβϣһС档
ֻһС棬ȭͷô
ôһС棬ȴõǽɫ
ڣһһ
ҶˣȥҪˡ
С˵ͷȻһУǶʱɵ
һĻҶƤһȥģǰʶ£ǸʱԿԼȥ˺ڣ˯Щ棬ǾԲģ
㲻𣿡Ҷʡ
̣
СգգۣȻеء
е̡
ҶҡҡͷڹС죬Ůس̶ȿȺˡϳκ鶼֣
Ҷʣʲôʱѣ
С쿴˿еĻ棬Ȼ˰ɡ˵⣬ͻȻҶʵҪܹ棬϶ǳģ
Ҷʼ磬Ҳ룡
ǿѾ̹ˡܹ棬ʱֻؾǿǰϧǣûǸ𡣼ʹǸˣ˼ԸԸ⻹һδ֪
ջ˼ҶԶɫһ죬Ȼٺ١
ʱҶȻǸ˵ģɫʵǱ̬ĲУܹշ˵Ժֻؾǿ߶ҪԳˡ
ˣ
ʱͻȻһţǽɫֱӳС컹϶ѹ
һĻҶʱЦ˺Ҹţ
ҶԵСҲЦڴ֮ɫһ£ǲϣŰ޵ģǣⲻһղŽɫβ𿪣¿Щˡ
ȻɫҶСǰ໹ʮʱȴûκεĶ
ô£
ҶЩˡ
ԣСգգۣȻŲʼơ
ɫԽԽǺûж
ҶͷѾ亹ˣ磬ô氡


1573 ȺŹ
ʱСѾ˵ǧ֮⡣
ȻһС棬ɲ뱻ײϣζ϶ܡ
УҶֻҪ֣ʱһصͻȻǽɫϡ
䣡
ɫֱӱ˵ϡ
һĻҶжʱһɣǼرڳˡ
֮ǰΪʲôأ
ԼЦ
Ҷҡҡͷȥ⣬ֻҪԷ־ͺá
ҶǰԶɫ̧ͷһܣдһ˿ãȻȻûô¡
ʱһֱӺϡ
䣡
ɫʱһҽһܿ죬һһϺǽɫ
ģɫ忪ʼ֧顣
ʱСǽɫǰȻſа˰֣ȵȵȣ
£ǹʱûڳˡ
ҶһС죬СŮӺô
Сߵǽɫǰһ۽ɫȻˡ
ʲôҶʡ
СǿߣΪλ᳼ǸŮˡԭͷһļϴˡ
ϴҶüʲô˼
СһҶǸ˼ǣŮĳˡ˵ûǰļ䣬ңҲͬСһΪͷһŻԸĻ
˵⣬ҡҡԴͦһ
Ҷ˵ͷ䱻ϴǻԼϸ˵ѾԭԼˣɫ϶ҲһλǿߣڱԷŪȷʵЩ
ʱСֵŮ˵ֶΣȷʵЩء
ҶҡҡͷȱˡһԸԸһ죬ҪǲԸĻͼԵࡣ
̣СһҶ
Ҷ˷ۣղ˭ûģ
СС΢죬һȻǰɫأ־磬Ҳסָ꣬ɡң˵һָܰأ
ָ䣿Ҷüָܻ
Ȼ
С䱻ϴֻǱ棬һмӣмԴǸûбٵͿԻָҸղſһ£ǸŮ˲ûаΪļӻڡӻڣͿԻָңûǣһʱ䣬ҲԼָ
Ҷ˵ͷȻͽˡҶȰȰҲǿģһϲԵ·˵ġ

СһҶƤúء
ҶһС죬Ȼһʧԭء
ʵС
ҶۣŮǳǰǸһȥˣ
ҶȻ׶Է˵Ĵһ˭ʼ磬ܡ
Ůüëһ˵𣿡
ҶٺһЦֻŮ˲֪֪𣿡
죡
ŮͻȻһȭҶҶʱɾ롣
ҶһŮЦѣ㻹涯ְ
Ůʼ磬Ƥô񣬴һֲỳУʲô
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ʱһԵĽŮͻȻ˹Ҫ˷ʱˡȥ㣡
ԣŮɫصĵ˵ͷţҶ㻹ܴ򲻣
ҶҡҡͷҪһʱ䡣ϾҪɣңҲ˲࣬ûд⣬ⷴɾͱҪˡ
Ů˵ͷԼСЩ˵꣬ŮйŮʱʧԭء
УҶɨһܣȻ˺ڡ
ܿ죬Ľ⿪ʼɡ
ڶ⽣ⷴѾЩˣˣû̫ʹࡣңҶϲķ֣Ľھһһηɺ󣬺ԽԽǿˡеһھôȻԽԽá
෴ɼΣ᲻ֱӴﵽԪ⣿
Ҷð뷨
ʱһһȥһʱҶѾ׻ָָ˺һ
һĻȴ°ͶˣΪС졣ⲻص㣬صСͷɫԴʱɫڴСڵҷɡ
ҶСҶգЦһѽ
Ҷ˿С죬Ȼֿ˿ͷɫȻҡҡͷҪ֪峤Сôȣ֪᲻ȫС죿
ôСѾɹȰͷɫ
Ҷûں˷ʱ䣬뿪˺
ʵС
ҶɨһܣҪ뿪ʱԶ֮ͻȻţԶݺύЩֺ߳Ҷ֣һƬսʱи
Ҷɫ΢䣬һæƬ˹ȥ
ܿ죬ҶͣƬ֧սУҶäŮäŮĶǱǹӡڱǹӵĲԶǶϱ۳ֵӡ
ܣŮйŮԼǽŮ
äŮԶǱǹӴ˿ճǹбָ·ɢһ޵Ϣ
˿̣ΧĿռѾҡҡ׹ʱ
ʱǶϱͻȻеҶˣ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻ˵ͷˡ
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ȻأҶʡ
ϱӳĬãȻ󻺲Ҷһֱ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰţһֱҶ
쵽£
ڶϱӳһ̣Ҷǰνһն

һ֣Ҷֱӱ֮⣬ϱҲͬˣʮɺͣ
ϱӸͣҽһգֱӻһ
ͬʱԶҶҲֱӻһʧԭء
䣡
һը𣬽뵶ͬʱ飬ʱҶѾ֮⣬ǶϱҲ˰ɿ⡣
Ҷ˫΢Уһ̣һ˻һƽ˶ϱӵǰȻһ̳
ս
Ҫսƣ
ȻϱȴǸսĻᣬһնֱӽˡ
ԶҶ˿Լ֣˿ֽ̣΢š

ϱӵ̺ǿǳǿܱԼҪǿȻǶԷǿǶԷ϶ӵʲô֮ԲܹԼĵӵǿ
ʱϱٴʧԭأһ̣һֱӳҶǰ
죡
һըҶٴαˡ
ڶϱҪٴγʱҶͻȻһԵŮŮʲôæ
Ů㶣Ȼ㲻𣿡

ҶҡҡͷȻɫȺŹ


1574 ±Ӱɣ

ʵϱӡ
ȻڱϱӸѹƣǣƴȫǿϱһսġǣҪսʲôʱ
𣬲ǺӽͼԷսĻ϶սĵϡϾû취ɱԷԷҪɱȻҲһ׵顣
ŮŮȻҲ֪¾Ҫ֣ʱһǹâͻȻһһըŮŮäŮ⣬Ůʱɿ⣬ʹڤŮҲаɣ
һĻҶɫʱޱĿǳǹӵϡ
ǿ
ʵֻǹӣߵЩ˶ǿǳǿ
Ϊڤʹ֮һжǿ
Сģǹʥ
ʱäŮͻȻҶ𣬡ǹѾ뻯򲻿С
ǹʥ
Ҷüͷ壬ʱǶϱȴٴγǰһ̣һ˲
ҶһײĸǳԼǰ
죡
һըҶֱӱ˰ɿ⡣ȻǶϱȴǰţһ
һΣҶûѡ񵲣ǱŹײĸǳǰ͵ؾһҡ
䣡
ײĸǸһӴһ˱͵سཻҶϱ˲䱻ɳȥһ̣ű˴˳˹ȥ
ʱҶҲˡ
˿̣ٴδ߶֮֮ļӳֺʱ˿̣ѾȫϱӡǣǴڱΪϱӵսʶ̫࣬Է̫죬޷һ򷨣
ģ
ϱӴľս
ҶϱսͬʱһԵäŮŮҲǳǹսǹӵʵò˵ǳĿֲһ˵äŮ˶˿·硣Ӧ˵äŮ⣬Ů޷⣡
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Ĭһ˲ҶһǶϱӺȻһӡ
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ɫʱ˽ͣǳǹϱӿҶдɻ֮ɫ
ǣһԵŮŮҲɻ档
رŮŮйŮ֮ǰҶɫŪʧǾѾǳˡڼҶѽɫгиɻˡ
ɫֺǳǹӳ˹ȥ
Զǹ˫΢Уһ̣гǹ͵ظնŽɫһ̡
䣡
ɫֱӱһǹصɣ
һĻҶɫޱȣǹӲһǿ
֣ٶȽ
ʱäŮͻȻڳ
£ȳǳǹӳ˹ȥŮŮйŮǶϱӳ˹
ǺнɫҲԻɱǳǹӵģΪԷʵ̫ǿ̫ǿԣŮȰҶɱϱӡȳǹӣϱӸûɱһЩ
ŮŮнŮļ룬ǶϱӶʱ·磬Ӧ˵ʱȫѹơ
ҶȶϱǽŮɲȶϱĴһϱôܴĹ
һᣬϱӱѾڽڰˣһԵäŮϽɫȻûѹǳǹӣǴ˿̣ǳǹҲκβäŮɫ
һӺ󣬶ϱҶ˵ΧѾ֧ŲסҪױɱʱäŮŮȴͻȻɫһ䣬Ȼͬʱʧԭء
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ܿ죬ҶŮһƬսƬսѪŮս
Ƭս֮УŨѪζ
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ʣѪŮˣ
ҶǰδеءŮ˵ʵĿǰΪֹ֮ǿġ
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ʱڤŮŮҲƬսУڤߣûˣߣ˱ҶɱϱŮ⣬˶úõġȻɫʱҶߵġ
Զ𵭵һѪŮѪȷʵ˵ԶԶ
˵ţͻȻתͷҶ㵹ЩˡҲˣȻʵǣһɲ٣һн򡣵ȻʵҲȷʵҲãԼĽ֮£˵ҲһĹްɣ
Ҷǿ仰ԷθСıʯý϶Ѿˡ
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˵⣬ͻȻҶ֪㽻ʱΪβý𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ԼԼϵˡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Ĭһ˲Ȼ׼ȷ˵ڻšϧĿϧˡ
ҶĬ˿̲ͻȻ֮ǰŮԽʱ˼Ҹûý⣬⾳Է⾳ӳ˽ĽޣֲĽޡԷûʧϽ⣬˵ײĸǶһܵסԷһֻأ
ʱͻȻɫɫжʱ¶η֮ɫȻֱܵҶĺڡ
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ʱҶĺ⣬ܹ㡣ԣ㻹ûôǸСŮ𣿡
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Ҷҡҡͷ
˼ˣ
бζȷʵ˼ʵǣô޾ɱһ£ӦǺġ
˵ҪһˣҶ
ˣ
ۣȻ±Ӱɣ
Ҷ
ʱɨһ۳ѪŮˣҾãûҪ˷ʱˡһΣ׽ɡ
£ͻȻ̧һ̣սͻȻҲͬ󿪵Ŀˮһ㣬Ƭռ俪ʼҷڣ
ͬʱһɿֲƾճܣֺҶɫʱ䣬Ϊֱȥ˿̣ϣ˼ʮɽһ㣬ģԽԽ䣬ͬʱڲ˺ţ

֮
ֻҶ֪Էʩչľʲô򡣵Ȼ˿ûȥܶԷʩչʲôֻ֪ȥҪ군ˣ
Ϊǹ̫ǿ̫ǿǿ췴ˣ

Ҷ׼ʩչԷԿʱǹͻȻȫʧˡ
ҶסһܣȴǷ֣ڤŮȴǴſϲ֮ɫ
Ů
Ҷ𣬶ĿұߣһΪ㲻أ
ôᣡ
ԶһͻȻԶ
ţһӰǿռ֮л˳
Ҷʱʱסˡ˺һᣬعȻˣ㡭


1575 ڤй٣
ҶǰԶһŮӣһ黨ȹŮӣŮӿԼʮꡣȻⲻص㣬صŮоЩϤ
죡
ǳ죡
ҶŮӣԽԽ죬ͻȻ˫Բ㣬𣿡
֪ΪʲôоˡΪǰŮӳĸǳǳСŮȻûǡ
СŮǻ˵ģ
ҶĻĿǿҶڤŮ
ʶ㣿Ůʡ
ҶǳŮ㣬𣿡
òʱǰŮӼп𣬵ǲȷΪŮӴʱʱзǳƽ
ŮһҶȻջĿ⣬תͷһԵ𣬡ʹҽǵĶԹһ׵˽ɡ
΢΢һЦ˵ôҲ㣬û´֮ǰ϶ƬУ𣿡
Ů˵ͷȷʵƬСЩҪˡ˵ţɨһˣȻֵҿ㣬ʵ˺̶ֳȡ
΢΢ͷҲ뿴ʵ
£ɨһ۳УȻط
˵꣬һֱƾʧԭء
ŮһѪŮˣ֪⣬һһǡ˵꣬һֱʧԭء
Ǵǰͳ𣿡ʱҶͻȻԵŮ
ŮҡҡͷǰȻǣΪ˾ǣֱתԣڵӲǰģ˵⣬˶٣ֵ㣿
Ҷ˵ͷֻǣҲǺȷǲǣҲˣղŶûҡ˵ҲȷŮǲԷ𣬺ʣԷ᲻кġ
ŮĬƬ̣ȻҲ֪Ȳˣʱʴ֪ˡ˵ţԶĳǹӵˣȻ⹦ЧȰˣ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷȻû⣡
Ů΢΢ͷһ̣ΧäŮŮֱӳǳǹӵ˳˹ȥ
ɲǼ䣬սָս
ҶûйŮŮΪѪŮܵȻء£ѪŮǰȻ㣬˵꣬һһʧԶ
ҶѪŮ뿪սһξȷûκ˺ֱӽѪŮ˺С
ѪŮܵ˺أƣ֪Ҫ˷Ѷʱ䡣ֻںڣܹٶȽ˸ƺá
йܡѪŮҲˣ
УѪŮɨһܣдһ˿棬ǣ
ҶЦˡ
˵ţѪŮ£ȻְѪŮĸţڵĺѪŮӿȥ
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ѪŮɨһܣֵʱʱ䲻һ
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ѪŮͻȻܹ죬ҵѪѹƲˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻúȥӴǹһʼ˻ģǹʴˡںԴԴϵʴ£ǹԽԽ٣һӺǳʧ
ǹʧҶʼѪŮϵˣں޸£ѪŮ˺õǽһ죬ʱʱǽ˫˳ͬʱԭǹʴҲ߰˰ˡ
죡ѪŮͻȻ
ȷʵ죡
Ҷ˵ͷΪȻ˵кڣѾ˲֪ٴˡÿ˽֣֮ԸôƴΪкĵ
ܿ죬ѪŮƳ׻ָҶѪŮ뿪˺
ʵУʱеսѾսݱäŮûнɫİæԴ·硣
ѪŮû˿ϻһǳǹӵ˳˹ȥѪŮã˲䱻Ťת
Σڤ߲ϻʵϣѾ˳ǹӵˡǣҶҲˡҪֳʤѣǳѣ
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ĬãҶתͷǳǹӵˣһ̣һЩǹӳ˹ȥ
ȽЩˣȻһȥΧŹŮӣ
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Ҷļ룬ǹӵʱӲˡ
ȻʱǹͻȻóһŴ飬һᣬҶ˶ʱɫһ䣬Ϊ·ʮϢƬս
а֣
Ҷһ·ȥܿ죬ͣʱǰԶʮˡ
ȫֻؾǿߣ
Ҷɨһʮˣܿ죬˫΢Ϊ֣У֮⣬ȻϢģħϢ
ħ廹ǸʲôԼˣ
Ҷг뷨ܿ챻ˡĲˣĿ϶ֻǿߡ
ȫֻؾǿ߻ܹճġ
ɱ
ʱʮ֮УһɭͻȻһ̣ʮȫҶ˹
ҶƤһڲʩչǺӽͼ£Ǹɲʮֻؾǿߵġ
а֣
Ҷ̽ɫ˳ɫֱӳʮײ˹ȥ
һ̣ɫǿֳ֮ˡΪ⣬ʮ˾ȻɫѹŴ
ҶȻҲûţվڽɫıϣȻʱʱķһ
һʱ䣬ʮ˱Ҷɫѹš
䣡
ʱһɿֲѹͻȻ֮кѹֺ󣬳еսȻѣһƬںڶʮϢпռŽָ
ʱŮͷ
ŮԶ
һ̣Ůͬʱ̧𣬾Ҫ֣ȻʱһͻȻңԶǿס֣
һ̣һϺڳ۵ӳͷУһ֧ֱ۳ĺɫʡ
֧ڱʣڤŮɫһ䣬ڤŮɫҲ΢䡣
ɨһ۳УȻڤʹڤʮ֮ٻڤ
˭ҶŮԣʡ
ŮɫЩѿĬãȻڤй٣


1576 ڤ
ڤй٣
Ҷüͷһ壬ѪŮ˵ڤй٣ʵڤʹ֮ϣ
Ҷ̧ͷӣԷûаϢԣоԷĴڣ˼Ҿվȴ޷ܶԷĴڣ
УЩء
ΪŮû˵
ǶڤģǣѾڤ̫̫ˡ
ô
ڤйɨһ۳ڤŮ𣬡λѵˣ
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ûУ
ڤйٵǵµ
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ڤйٵǻȥ֪ˡ
һڤй٣Ȼֻϵ
ڤʮҲǣʱŮͻȻ
ڤй˫΢УôҪ췴
췴
Цһй٣ҵһ䣬δǾӵѵͲµͻȻ𣿡
ڤйٳûҪϵ˼ǣҲڤѾķѣڲŽһڤ᳹ʧ䡣ڤʹڤʮаٷϴˣҪǸλһڤһͬ
Ҳأ
ʱͻȻ
ڤйɫڤʹҪڤ𣿡
ѣ
΢΢ҡͷй٣ͱ˷ʱˡҲ֪νµ˭ֻ֪ǶԷӵڤ˾ȻҲ϶Էǵҵ̬ȣԻȥˡ
ڤйٿãȻһԵŮŮ£أ
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ڤй΢΢ͷȻһӣɲǼ䣬һƴƳ˿Уվһġ֣ɢ޵Ĺ⡣
ƣŮɫʱһ䣬üͷ
ڤ
飬Ҷ֪Ӧþڤˡ
Ĭãڤһֱ˾УΪλ
ڤйƣУεСڣλһͬڤ𣿡
ŮŮҲ𣬾ʱڤйͻȻֵ֪λ֮ĶԹλ˵ĶԹҷһš֮λһڤλڤԱѾصС
Ĭãߣ
£ǹӵֱʧԭء
ڤйٿŮˡ
ѪŮŮȻŮġ
Ůڤй٣ҵ͵
ڤйٵ˵ͷȻһʧԭء
㣬ЩΣѪŮߵŮԣ
äŮ΢΢ͷڤһֱ˾Уڣڤˣ˾ȴûг֡˷ȥСġ
Ů΢΢ͷģ
˵ţĿѪŮŮһһɨȻǸˡ
ѪŮҡҡͷ֮䣬˵ЩֻǣΪ뿪Ƭ棿
Ů˵̸˵ţͻȻһԵİϾԸڤ
ڤ
Ͼ΢΢һ漴ҡҡͷ
ϧˣ
ŮҡҡͷŮÿϧһԵѪŮŮҲǾЩϧϾ츳ʵǼʶ˵ġԸǣ˵ԺڤнлȨϧϾû˼
ʱѪŮͻȻҶأԸԸڤ
ϾǸҶһģҶԸڤǰϾ϶ҲԸ⡣ȻΪϾҶģҶѾʸڤˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ѪŮڤܿ죬ҶҡҡͷȻڤһɽǣϲɣϲ¡ңӣҲʺȥڤָҪڤֳʲôˡ
ѪŮ˵ͷҲȰҲҶˣ϶ǲԸµġ
߰ɣŮͻȻ
ѪŮҶǰȻҶ򣬡أ
ԺʱһģһԵŮͻȻϣǸʱû˸ɵ
Ҷ
أڤŮҶǰ
ҶɨŮһۣ˵ͷ뵽ʲôͻȻһԵŮȻ𣿡
ˡֻղһֱûлᣡ
ŮһҶȻתʧԭء
ܿ죬ѪŮҲϢڤʮŮѾȫʧ֮ϡ
УҶüͷǻǲǣ
ֱԷ𣬵ǣԷĻܻġ
ʱСͻȻҶǰ
С̧ͷ֮ϣȻƬˣ
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
СջĿ⣬Ҹол·
ҶƤһɱң
СЩģ˵л·пл·ң¿϶һ㻵¡
СҡҡͷҲǺȷˣȲˡ˵ţҶûʲôˣ׼ʲô
ʲô
Ҷ㶣ȻЦһ϶СףȻλҵŮ
СһЦͶɱɱʲôģһ㶼ãߣȥǸСס
˵ţһʧԭء
ҶЦЦȻϾߣȥСףһǳɰСһ϶ϲĹ
ϾһҶȻ˵ͷ
Ҷ밲ϾСص鹬ҶСȻǸ˵ĲˣҶ鹬ܣһ
ЩҶҡҡͷЩȫһ𣬾ŮʮÿܶԲ
һûô£һǿԸıġ
鹬ʱ䣬Ҷһ㣬ǾСҲǳܻӭЩϲС죬СҲϲС졣СȻҲǳϲЩ鹬档
ʱ䣬ҶҲûѡС컹С׵Ϲ档

鹬֮УڵصҶͻȻ۾һ̣ʧԭء
ܿ죬Ҷ鹬֮֮ϣ֮УվһŮӡ
ѪŮ
㣿ҶЦôˣ
ѪŮߵҶǰ˿̣Ҷŷ֣ѪŮɫЩԡ
ôˣҶʡ
ѪŮ뿪ϵ
ϵȻһƬ档
Ҷüͷһ壬Ϊʲô
ѪŮɨһܣȻڤҪ׽֮磬̫ƽˡ
ʱСͻȻҶǰСֱѪŮڤ𣿡


1577 Сİ֣
ѪŮһС죬û˵СŮ̫أңǳάƬأ²⣬СҲһ֣ߣ֮йϵ
ҶС죬С죬ڤҪƬ棬ǲҪƬ棿
Ȼ
С쿴ҶƬ磬ǣǣѵñ𣿡
ҶĬ
С˵еǣȽ˽ѪŮĻʱ뵽Լˡ
УԶҪģ
ǣڤϵ϶޷ġˣ󣬻ˡ
ܲܰЩȫյڰɣ
ңҲһ㣬ǾǣŪ˽ܽģȻΪǣûǸʵȫԦԷߣҲЩȫ鱩¶ȥڤҵľͲ֮鷳鷳ˡ
Ƭ磬סڤģ
ѪŮͻȻȻڤʵǰǣĴ󲿷ǿѾعڤЩǿߣԶƬܿ⡣
ڤΪʲôҪ׽Ƭ֮ʱҶͻȻʡ
ȻӶᣡ
С쵭֮һߣץ֮͵Ƭ棬ȻǾͿӶƬԴ
ѪŮĬ
СͻȻ̧ͷʣǵ˵𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һ󣬡ʲô
СԴԽǿǾԽҪԴΪֻиԴܹǼɳԼڵĵطԴ첻ʱǾͻѡԣȻԱӶᡣ
ѪŮ˵ͷ˵ûڤԼڵĵطѾԽԽϡ٣Ѿ޷ڹӦǿߵ˵⣬Ҷ뿪Ƭɣ
뿪
ҶһĨãȻ뿪ȥģ
ȻܹʫŮ뿪Ƭ棬Щô죿ң˲ߡŮ϶ǲġ½ĽˣЩ˾
Ҷ˲ңҲˡЩ˸ڣΣ٣ȴԼŮ뿪ЩԼôԼῴԼҶǣͬҲһûûεˡ
ԵˣȻûûΣǣԼ
ܵ˵޷뿪Ƭ硣
̫̫ˡңŮǿ϶Ҳѡ뿪СףѾ鹬֮϶ҲЩġ
Ĭһ˲Ҷҡҡͷû취뿪
ѪŮü΢Կڤ
ҶЦЦ̫ˡ
ڤʵжǿ֪֪˼ʵǵƾһڤʮڤʹͲܹġ
û취˭˼ұôأ
ѪŮ츳ǿĺǿǣ㻹̫СҪɳſڤӡһ䣬뿪Ƭ磬Ҫκεķ
ڤҪ˰ɣҶʡ

ʱСͻȻȻˣǣūˡǵˡ֪³ġǸʱ˵ڤһ֮䡣
˵ţСü۵ʹֵ֮κƬķ֮ǹƽģһͬʡǣڤȡ֮򶼽ˢ¡û˻Ըⱻūۣ
Ƭˣ֮סڤģѪŮͻȻ
סҲҪ
С쿴ѪŮϵġ
ѪŮһС죬ȻҶ뿪˵꣬һֱӻһѪâʧʡ
СĬһ˲ȻתȥҶ㶣Ȼȥ
һ·ϣСĬţҶһۣҲû˵Ǹ
һʱҶСһ֪Ĵɽ֮ССһɽǰͣǰɽܴ󣬷ǳĴ󣬶״ǳ죬Ӱпɽеһͷ˯ľޡ
СվڴɽǰԶҶԡ
ŴɽãСͻȻ̯̯֣һҪ۸ˡ֪ģҲϲܵģ԰ԼӡˡҺñ벻ҪôԼܵˡ̫ˡ
Ҷ
ʱСֵȻҲϲܣҲϲսǣһû취ءʱɵðҡ
ҶɽɽһžûκλӦ
СȴͻȻüЦǾô˵ˡʱҾͽ㣡ȶ˯һ£
˵꣬תߡ
ҶһɽȻæС졣
ɽʲô·ϣҶʡ
СһһͬһġҸ㣬Ǻء
ҶһС죬ʣж
СգգۣȻҲ֪Ϊûܣ
Ҷ
Сٶȼӿ죬ܿ죬ҶС˵صףԼʱҽ磬ڽҽ˲ʱͣ
СҶԶһȼյһ𣬶Ż֮ڣԼɼʲôš
С̯̯֣СףҪ۸ˡ
Ҷ
СֵΣû취ˡҵʱҪİԣʱͱ˯ˡȻʱв֣ɾеˡ
ҶŻ棬ûκλӦ
ʱСȴͻȻ˵ͷȻϵʱ¹أô˵ˣʱڣ˯˹ʱҽ㣡
˵꣬תȥ
ҶһŻ棬ȻæС졣
һΣҶС֮ϣ֮ϵƬ֮һֻ޴۾˵ͷ
Щһʱ׼ţиҪ򣡡С쵭
֮ϣ֮΢΢һȻʧʡ
֮ʧСҲʧԭأҶҲæȥ
һҶСͣ
ǰһƬɽȥķأһһһۿͷ
ƬطҶɫޱЩëȻڵĸоˣܵĸоΣգ
Σգ
СǰȥҶԥ£ȻҲȥ
ܿ죬ҶСͣڲԶһصм䣬ҶһСŮСŮʮ꣬СһһϮɫȹӣһͷ£һ׹Ƕѳɵһθӡ
ʱСŮЩȥ
СŮֻһֻţ
ССŮ֣ˣ١
СŮתͷҶС죬СʱСŮ϶ʱ¶һЦݣһһСǰȻЦС죬þò
СһЦȻҵѣҶ
СĻСŮʱתͷҶʱСɫͻȻһ䣬Ҫ
죡
С£Ҷֱӳǧ⡣
ǧ⣬ҶͣһĨʺʱǻ


1578 һֻصˣ
û°ɣСҶǰʡ
ҶĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷԶЩ֪СŮ֮ɫ
ǱСŮһ˵ģСŮʱһɼֱֲӺϡ
ǹʱûзӦ
ǿ
СŮԶҶҡҲǹġ
ĲǹģСæ
ҶЦЦôˣҵȻ֪ǹģԣû
ԣСŮɫʱһɡ
СһЦȻԶСŮ٣ֱǿء
𣿡
СŮҲǺء
ʲôСԣҶͻȻʡ
Сԥ£Ȼ
Ҷ⣬ʲô
С͵֮󣬻γǣ֪ʱھ˻ʲô𣿡
Ҷʡ
С˵ͷ̫úǾͻʱ䣬ʱ󣬾ͻ⣬Ҫܹԣѡطסÿ궼ҪȥŪȥֻԴԴϵܹ档
ҶǽٵŮȻʲôʣ
壡
Сֵܹһʣ½ʷ֮ǰδֹʡ˵ţߵٵǰȻΪʣ޷ƽΪһطˣǸطͻ
ԣֻܴҶ
С˵ͷ
ʱͻȻסС֣ЦС죬þöûˡ죬Ҫú档
С΢΢ҡͷʱˡ
Ϊʲôٲ⡣
СΪҪ۸ˡ
ԣüͷһ壬˭
Сˣæģ׼׼ʱˣҾ֪ͨ㡣
û⣡
£ҵ¡˭۸㣬Ҿʹ˭
СһЦã׼һ£һҪȥһһΣҪúôһܣҪЩһ֪ϵǲ۸ģ
˫ֽգص˵ͷãúôһܣҺþöûأе˷ء
Ҷ
Сȭͷʱ
һΣСû뿪ڷصϷϷܼ򵥣ӡСŮڷصӣҹò˵⸱ǹ졣
ʱСҶ뿪Ǹصءһֱڷص뿴ǣֱʧ
ܿ·ϣСͻȻ
ΪʲôҶʡ
С¶ܹ¶ңܻҪһֱ¶ȥ
ҶüҲѰ㿴㲻Ǻܺõ𣿡
ֻһѣСҲֻֻһѡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Сκˣܸ̫ãˣġ
ҶüҸղŸһûʲôⰡ
С΢΢ҡͷȽ⣬ΪڵԵֵϵҲĿǰΪֹΨһһֵܹ
Ҷһܹϵ
СҡҡͷС
ΪʲôҶʡ
СתͷҶΪͲǻˡ
Ҷ
ʱСֵǣҲˡ˻л֮䣬˵Ҳ̫ʣʱҲû뵽
ȵģҶʡ
С˵ͷأôȵˡȻȻˣȴˡǰʱʱͻǣҲ֪ʲôԭ˯ˡǶӣ϶ܹµġ
㲻ϵҶʡ
Сҡҡͷ£
ΪʲôҶʡ
С̯̯֣Ҳ֪ǲء
ҶСãȻС죬ңǲǻָˣ
СĬһᣬȻָһЩûȫָٶȣӦҲˡ
֪Լ˭𣿡ҶʡСݣķǳĺ档
С̯̯֣֪һ㣬ǣҲ̫ȷء
Ҷ
ʱСͻȻһЦ˭Ƕѣ𣿡
ԣҶЦЦȷʵ˭ҵѡСȻûаܣǣС̫̫ˡС죬ûаʲôȻ֮䣬ҪƽҰ㣬ȻŰңǾûʲô˼ˡ
СʵõġֻĺֻԼѡԴˣϲԵ±Թ
ҶЦЦȻһ𣿡
С΢΢ҡͷʵѾˡܶʱ򣬲ãһܲǺգǶԷôߡ㿴ڤǱ۸ǣǣǲġ
ڤ
ҶĬ֮ǰãϵҪˡڤ˵ڤйεĵˣڤʹڤʮѾǳֲ˰ڤʮڤʹĿԺɨ½
ڴ֮ǰĿһϣ
ڣãڤҪƬ磬еˡ
ʱС챳˫֣һһسԶȥ̰ԭκˣˣޣʲô̰Ҫ۵ġ
˵⣬ͻȻͣȻתҶ֪ϲĵ𣿡
ҶЩ˼С죬ڸұ᲻̫ͻȻ˰
Ƥ񣡡
С˹ȻߣȻԴǣһõ˼ûУ෴ģǻǳĺãѷǳĶ͸ǣǿ飬С׶ϧƴţǾ㲻ǿ϶Ҳôõġ
ҶĬ
ʱСֵ˶˽ģҲǣһǷǳ˽ǣԴԼԼģַǳ˽ѣˣĵˣǳĵùΪһе㲻һУе衣
ĬϢҶЦЦȻڿ𣿡
СһЦǰɣ
ҶС죬ȻҪȥ˭СҪҵˣ϶һˣǳСҵʲôˣ߱ʲô֮ġ
СתԶһֻصˡ


1579 μܣ
һֻصˣ
СĻҶüͷʲô˼
С΢΢ҡͷȻ֪ˡ
˵꣬Сٶȼӿ졣
ҶһС죬Ȼæȥ
ܿ죬ҶСһƬ֪Ĳԭϡ
ããԭޱ޼ʡ
һʱҶУһȺɽɽܶ࣬Ⱥɽĺ棬ҶһСкСкһͷɽУһѡ
죬ƣȺɽ
ʱСͻȻԶСк֣ˣСӣ
Сӣ
Ҷ΢飬ʲô֣
ԶСкСתͷС죬СʱһĨ죬漴ɫһϲһ̣µͷССǰЦС죬þò
㣡
СкµͷССǰȻ˲ССţǡ
СҡҡͷСǣȻ̧ͷСкҾ֪һ϶һ𡣡
Ск΢΢һЦһˡ
ʲô˼С첻⡣
СкͷֻСһĨɫ꣬ҶŵҪʮӡһˡ
Ҷüͷ΢壬е㲻״
СĬϢȻ󵽣֮أ
֮󣿡
Ск΢΢һЦ֪һʲô𣿡
ԣС쿴ֻɽ򣬳Ĭãһʯͷ
Ск˵ͷһһһʯͷһΣǶˡ
СĬ
Ҷɻ
ʱСкͻȻҶһҶһĨ죬û뵽ң֮½ֳһš
ҶСкǰ֪ңӣ
Ск΢΢һЦμܡ
ҶɫһݣңӴμܣ
ܹңϵˣǼ򵥵ǰ˾˭
ʱСкС죬С죬ң϶ʲô°ɣ
С˵ͷȻиҪ۸ҡ
Ǹڤ𣿡Ск
С˵ͷ
Ск΢΢ͷˡʱһᵽġ
ǾллඣСЦ
Ск΢΢ҡͷȻ˵ллңЩһֱ뱨𵱳Ĳɱ֮֮飬ϧһֱûлᡣͷܹһΣ˵ҵĶ͡׵ģ˶ϡ
СֻСǣȻ䣬ûй򣬲û򡣵ǣû飬ңǵ£ֻǾ˵ౡ֮
Ск΢΢һЦ㣬ĸ
СһЦҲˣһҪȥһطǸ
ãСк˵ͷһ׼ʱ
С˵ͷȻҶתȥ
СкҶӰãȻ֣
ãҡҡͷȻСתȥ
·ϡ
˭Ҷʡ
СһֻصˣҲһˡ
ֻصˣҶΪʲôֻأΪҪֻؾ֮ϵľ𣿡
СҡҡͷѾԽֻؾǿˡ
Ҷ˫΢У˵ֻؾ֮ϵǿߣ
Сô˵ô˵ءڻֻؾǣֻҪԸ⣬ʱԳԽֻؾӦ˵ܾúܾǰͿԳԽֻؾˡ
ΪʲôҪֻأҶʡ
Сֻأ˼һҪֻؾȻԼʶֻأڶתҲһϣһģȻǰǲ𡣡
˵⣬תͷҶ֪ΪʲôҪһֱֻ𣿡
ΪʲôҶʡ
СֻСӡ
ԣҶ㶣Ȼ㵵㲻ڿЦ
СҡҡͷܾúܾǰһİŮˣҲӡǣû츳ãʼ޷ͻﵽֻؾľתֻءӽֻʱΪһֻء
ҶĬãȻԣ
СҡҡͷȻ츳׿飬ģΪ֪תģ˻ʲôԣ˰æˡǸˣҡ
Ҷ
Сֵʵǿת֮󣬼ܹ档ǣȴǲܡ˵ֻҪܹԣĿܶνˡ
ҶĬãȻղ˵һ
С˵ͷһһʯͷ
ʯͷҶü𣿡
С쿴һҶȻ˭˵ת֮󣬾һˣȥˣЩݲ˭
Ҷ
ʱСֵܿ죬ǾҲˡΪʯͷûģҲȥһʯͷ
ҶĬãȻʵж
СҡҡͷҲǺֻ֪ӵоֻصļ䡣Ҳ൱ӵоΪӦòġ϶ǿ
Ҷ
С̧ͷԶʣһطˡ
Ҷղ㲻˵Ǹһ𣿡
С˵ͷһΣĲˡ
ˣʲôҶʡ
֮飡С
֮飿Ҷʣʲô
СһҶǸͷʲô
Ҷߡ
С͵ν֮飬½ص飬Ҳһְɡ
𣿡Ҷʡ
С쿴һҶ
ҶɫһڣܲܲȽϰϴңĺ𣿡
СһЦˣǿ߰ɡ
˵꣬ٶȼӿ졣
ԭأҶĬãȻЦҡҡͷ֮ǰãڤǰһ⣬ϵӦûʲôܹĹˡǣʵ½ǿģڡ
Ի
ʵҲϾǿ߶ߵģЩǿߣʵǿ󣬵ȴܵ͵ղСкǸ١
С죬û뵽½˶ǿߣ
аκʱ򶼲
ܿ죬ҶС˵ص׵
һΣҶûҽˣоһ޵
֮
ʱСͣ
ҶؿС죬ô
ˣС
ˣ
Ҷ㶣ȻɨһܣʲôûС
ʱСͻȻСͣҪ۸ң˵ô죿
С£ΧͻȻһɫЩͼһ㳯Ҷϯҡ
ɲǼ䣬ҶоԼҪ˺ѡ


1580 
һĻСæСͿס֣Ҫ۸ң
С£ҶΧǹʱʧ
û°ɣСߵҶǰĵ
ҶҡҡͷС죬´˵˵㰡ǿѾǹʳƬˡ
СͷЩ˼ã´һע⣬
Ҷ˷ۣȻɨһܣ֪Ǹʲô֮ΧֻǣΪʲôԷûг
ʱСתͷԶСͣ׼ãȵʱˣҾͽ㡣
˵꣬תҶ߰ɡ
ӦˣҶʡ
Ȼ
СǰǾһģҪ۸϶ҵġ
ҶһС죬ڣЩΪڤˡСŮһҲ۸Ȳ˵ʵЩѣûһƲ簡
Լʵأ
Ҫ֪ûʵԼԼʵӡˡҲ˵ҪʱܻԼʵʵֻǿʲô̶ȣ
Ǹգ
Ҷ֪Ļܿͻ֪ˡ
뿪ص֮СҶص鹬ص鹬СС׻е鹬ĴҲ
ϷС죬СϣСס
СС׵Ҳ·ǻŮŮƻСû֮ǰ鹬ߡʵҲǣΪСȫµġ
ڴм䣬ЩлεģҲмԭġⲻص㣬صǳٶΪ͵ĶУ
˵ϵоųɶˡ
Сɨһ۳λȻҪˡ
λû˵ǿС졣
СֵܣԭǾܾġǣһΣˡЩռǿ϶ӶһУһūе塣ǣū
С׾˾ԼСצȻС˻ӣһͦ㵽׵ģ
·ҲǷ׷ױ̬ǣķʽȻЩһǣһ⣬ǱʾͦС쵽ס
С˵ͷȻսԼСȭͷǲϲܣǣǾ´ܡڿʼǻȥú׼һ£ʱǺúôһܣ
˵ͷȻ׷ȥܿ죬оֻʣҶС죬ƻԼСס
С쿴СףСףأ
СգգۣȻСһţʱǿ鱻˳
Сùӿ˿ȻӻСףСףҽһϷȴˣʲôͰҽ𣿡
Сæ˵СԴ˷֮ɫȻڴܣ
СС׵ԴȻһԵƻ𣬡ЩСһûдܣʱˣ϶еңѵһǡ
ãƻ˵ͷȥţ
˵꣬תȥ
Խд½ЩæġʱҶͻȻ½ЩȫһǾǷǳǳֲġܹճǧֻؾǿߵģ
Сҡҡͷǲģ
ΪʲôҶ⣬ڤռ磬ûкôġ
Сˣޣ߱ʲô壬ǵжǣˣи߸ȥڶԷû˺ʱǲἱġ
˵⣬˶٣ֵңЩ壬໥֮䣬ζԷǾۼһ𣬵ʱܻûڤǾԼˡ
ҶĬΪС˵ķǳĶԡ壬壬ħ壬ڤû˺ʱǿ϶ǲԼǿ߳ȥƴġ
֮䣬໥¼ɣ໥ɵǵ򲻵ѵʱ򣬲ȻǲŽһġңСԣˣ϶ҲṴĶǡ
ʱСͻȻҪȥ˯
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ʱˣ㻹˯
СҡҡͷһΣ˯ôˡ첻ң˵꣬תŵȥ
С׷ɵҶļϣȻ˲Ҷա
ҶС׵ԴôҲκ˺ǵġ
С׷ɵҶǰȻСצһںģ
ҶһЦúãԺңòã
Сæ˵СԴ
ҶСףĶͷȻЦߣǻȥλһˡ
˵ţСһʧԭء
½Ҫˡ
ȻСߵݣǿޱȣǣڤɲǳصİ˵ģڤŮǣѾǳֲˡ͸ڤЩǿˡ
СѣڤʮҲѡȻϣ֮ǣûȰȰСͶ
ȰѪŮǱС쿪սζҪѪŮǱڤóѪŮǶڤǷǳйеġȻҲһֱڤԾӡ
ڰ˭ʵڰ˭ûʲôáΪСڤУ̫ˡȻ֪һΣԼ϶޷ġ
ڲȥôࡣ鵽ˣ֪ôˡ
λ档
ҶС׻ص
ʱλһȻʵλǿһǣ˭֪ŮҶӣ
Ҷλ˭֪Ҷ
Ҷɱϴġ
ңҶڴһЩ飬ҲѾλ档Щ飬ȥҲЩζˡ磬Ҷڴ壬λ棬ȴҶ壡
ֱ磬Ҷڴɱֻؾǿߡǵλ棬ȴбҶѾɱֻɱˡ
ܵ˵Ҷڵܴ󣬷ǳĴλ棬ûĸҲ뽣˵ӡ
ҶСĻصƳǡ
Ƴǣս
УʱŮһЩ顣ͻȻŮü΢һ̣һ˿ϲɫ·ˣȻյΪֹ°ɡ
ȻЩŮΪͻȻôȥ
ߺҶ˴С
ˣŮ
Ҷ˵ͷȻðɣ
Ů΢΢ͷáΣ𣿡
Ҷߵ˵ŮǰȻס֣һΣƬ棬Ҫˡ
ôŮʡ
ҶڤҪϵ˵˳
ĬãŮ΢΢ҡͷ粻ֹ
ǰ
Ҷ̾һʵ˵ҲܣϾңǸսˡû취磬ܶ鶼޷ġ
˵ǣ㲻£²㣡
ʱ䣬ҶŵŮˡҲû
ʱһһȥ
ʮ
磬鹬
ڵһ䷿УС˯
ΪķԸˣʱ䣬û
ĳһ̣ڴϵСͻȻ۾𣿡


1581 ߲ɱ
½֮ϣһƬգԭһƬ
ͻȻ½֮ϿʼһᣬһϸСߵĺɫ֮ϡЩɫԽԽ࣬ӵٶԽԽ죬һʱЩɫͬһžһ㽫½װ
һᣬһϺڳܵӳƬ֮Сܿ죬һֳȵŮҲ˳С
һһŮڤйڤʹ
ڤйٿ𣬡ʹƬôãƬӦúϤãΣܹ˳𣿡
ڤй٣أ
ڤйЦЦҾã׾٣
׾٣
Цһй٣Ϊϵֻһͨϵ
ôڤйٷʡ
ͷ·ȻƬ棬ȻûʲôǣƬȴֹ೬šȻÿһƬ涼ĳǣֹһЩѾҵ֪

ڤ𣬡ֹʲô
ңӡ
й٣ҲǾţʵ֮ϣˡֱԣϣͬ׵£ɡ
ڤй˫΢Уôǿ
ôǿǷǳǳǿ
ˣѾͨҽӴ֮Уܾ˾ͽܹ֮ƥСǰҲܣǣɳٶ̫̫죬ԽԽǿͬ׵£Ҹ֡
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵңҲͰˡһˡ˵ʵѾȫҵ֪ܣ˾ͽ޷֮⣡
ڤйüëһˣȻ˾ͽ޷֮⣿
һߡһƷƵ˽޼Ǻӽͼֱ䡭˵ʵη
ڤйٵ˵ˣʱϵ
΢΢ҡͷѲڡ
ϧ
ڤйٵǿߣܹ֮һսضջ񣡡
˵⣬ɨһ·ȻֵҲã鷳շڤʵؽõػص۷壬ָտɴ
Ƭ򣬶ڤ˵ǸͻȻ
ҵȻף
ڤйٵǵĿģֻƬʱǻὫƬȫߣƬ磬ԣЩ׸ڤȻš
Ĭã˵ͷˡ
ڤйֵʹһΣڤʮĿĺܼ򵥣ǲϣʱڶҲ˵ˣ鴦󣬻֮һ׵˽ᡣ
ϣ˰ɣ
ʱǰĿռͻȻһ£ţһСŮ˵ǰ
СŮС졣
С俴һڤй٣Ȼӭǡ
ڤйЦЦȻͻڤġ
С쿴ڤй٣ȻĿԴ
ڤйٿСãȻĿԴ˵꣬תʧԭء
ڤйʧúһСкСԡ
СкǷСк
ǵġСк
С΢΢ҡͷһûôԼĴңҲûʲôôֻڤ衣
Ск΢΢ͷˡ˵ţС죬ǸҶҾȻ޷͸һΪʲô
СҡҡͷҶ
ΪʲôСкʡ
Сֿܣһϵĳֻأûһ
Ск˵ͷһ˵⣬˶٣ֵǲʲôΪƺıˣҲԣӵֽȻͬ񡣡
С˵ͷȻһδ飬ԸǻͲö֪ˡ
ȷʵ
Ск˵ͷȻ̧ͷЩĺɫҪƵ𣿡
СҡҡͷŰɡҲûȥ
˵꣬תʧԭء
СкԭسĬƬ̣ȻҲʧԭء
鹬
ʱҶѾص鹬һΣոˡգѩϣѩһطϲط
رգЩͬ࣬йС
һʼЩЩųѩģΪѩ࣬ܿ죬Щǽѩˡ⵱ȻСյĹ͡
վͲ˵ˣѩĸǷǳǳģСǰݼڣѩҶŮȻҲϲ
ǰЩ棬ڣЩһǾǽѵ
ò˵ЩѵǷǳǳ׳۵ġ
鹬⣬ٶڹ㳡ϣΪ׵ƻ
ƻһӣɲǼ䣬Щȫƻһгһģţĳǰ͵һӣ
䣡
ٶָĹʱЩеǻеˮееһЩ֪֮׳ۣǳ׳ۣ
Ȼ׳ۣǳĿֲ
ҶЩսľΪЩȫĻ˵ܾǹײĸǶҪ顣
ʱƻͻȻֵأ
£ܶʱЩͷЩѸһɫĻĻֱӽ鹬С
ͬʱҶ֣Χͬͼˮһ㳯Ļ۶ȥ
ԣ𣿡ҶͻȻ
ƻһҶȻ˵ͷ
Ҷ̧ͷǵĻĬһ˲˫ۻһ̣һɿֲĽڱӿţеĽֱʧ
ֻһ
Щʵˣһ־ֻһȻֻһûһֻǿǣһҲǷǳֲġ
ʡ
䣡
һ쳹ȻҶĽصУţûȻˡΪǵѾʧˡǵĻȴֻ΢ز˲ѣ
Ҷɫޱأ
ȻѾԤϵĻǿǿǣû뵽Ѿǿ̶ֳȣ
ʵҲЩȻÿһֻؾǿߣǣһǿֻؾǿߵģ֮һǾǳһֻؾǿߵġ
ȫһ𣬿ǻǺεȵĿֲ
Ҫ𣿡һԣƻͻȻ
ҶҡҡͷɲȡˡĻǺӽͼ𣬲Ȼ뺳ȻһֻӦҲԣϣر
ʱһһȥܿ죬ʱѵ
峿һͻȻ½Ͽ쳹
ϵߣ߲ɱ


1582 ط֣
ǵϵϿյĿռʱҲܿ죬һӳ˿Сˣڤй١ڤʹ
ǶϱԼǹӡ
ʿռȻڲϲţϢ󣬽ֳֳǹĺ˳ڤйٵ
ȫֻؾ
δ֣ڤйٵɢϢõΧĿռһ󼤲š
ܿ죬Сڤйٵ˵ǰ
С俴ڤйٵˣк֮£Ҳɱ¾ǣҲɱ¾Ҹһλᣬ뿪ϵȻĻɱ˵ģ
ʱڤͻȻ֮˵Ķ𣿡
С쿴һڤ֪
ü΢˵ʱڤйͻȻΪξ֮
һС죬ȻܹЩ֮۸ˣ֮벻ˡ
Ҳû֮ڤйʡ
ҡҡͷûҾ㲻֮϶Ҳ֮йϵ
ڤйٵ˵ͷȻС죬ǲ֮ⶼҪˡҪǣܹЩ֮ڤҲɱ¾ΣЩ֮Ͷڤһڤ䣬ϵ԰ȫȫ
С쿴ڤйãȻڤ𣿡
ڤй˫΢У֪𣿡
С˵ͷҺ֪
ڤйٵͷһ̣һС챩ңʱһСкСǰǳڤй٣Скɫ䣬һתһֶ
䣡
ʣͻȻһţʮڵĿռǾһ·Ҫһ㣬ޱȡ
ʮϢʻָƽ
ʱڤйѾصԭλáСкһĨءԵҲˣʱޱ𾪵ġ
ΪǷǳڤйٵʵڤڤйٲǿǣǾŵýǰġڣǰСкȻܹڤйٿ⣡
ʱԶСͻȻСӣŵ㣬ˡ
СкһС죬΢΢˵ͷȻֳǰһ̽ȭһط֣
£ɲǼ䣬ΧĿռ俪ʼͬʱһ֮ΧʮڵĿռ֮С
ڲԶҶһĻɫʱΪ֣ԲʮڵĿռ䱻ӹˡԣϸ˵ʮڵĿռѾԭˡ
ǿ
ⲻǴʱҶ뷨ǳ˵뷨ܹ˲ϢǽʮڵĿռȫӹ̲ҷȥʵֲˡ
һԣСкãȻû뵽磬Ȼǿߡ
Скԣ˭һս
ʱڤйվ˳̣
Ск˵ͷǾɣ
£һֱʧԭءͬʱһԵڤйҲһֱʧԭء
ܿ죬ңԶǿһװը
·С죬磬޷ڤ⡣
СĬãͻȻ̧ͷһˣȻգǶˡ
˵ţһӣ٣ˡ
С£һŮͻȻĿռ仺˳
١
ߵСᱧ˱С죬Ȼ𣬡ܰɣ
˵꣬һӣһ䴿ɫĻУ仨ʱһԵɫʱһ䣬˰㾹Ȼӵб˰
ԣ˰һǧ꣬һǧ꣬Ҷⲻص㣬صֻʹҲֻûм֮һ۱ϳǱ˰Ϊ仨紫˵˵һģһңɢŨϢ
ԶĻһĨ죬㾹Ȼ֪˰Ҫ֪⻨ɲûŪ˺öŴء
٣㾿˭
Ҫ𣿡ٷʡ
Ĭ˿̣֪ڤССˡԭãڤҪϵȻ̫ףҲԲ̫ѡ
Ϊϵ˺ܾãϵǿߣ֪Ȼ˿̣ȴǷ֣绹ǿ֪ġ
СȥҳЩǿֵ߰ģ
˿̣Ѿ⡣ڤԶԶ͹Сߵʵǿп˵Ҫʧءʱ򣬳ˣ֯ȷѡ
ȻСȴǲˡ£С˻֣٣Ҵ򣡡
ٵ˵ͷҪ֣ʱԶһֱڹսҶͻȻĲԶҩģ
֮ǰһֱΪҩѾˡϸ룬Ӧáɱ˻Ҫʬ𼣵ˣңСҲ֮вûв鵽ҩϢ
Ҫ֪㱻ʬ𼣣Ϣȴǻڿռ֮ϵģ֮еĿռ֮УûҩϢҲ˵ҩпܻš
ҶһܰȫĵطͲΪˡ
ĻҶжʱһɣȻҩû
Ҫҩʱȴǰ˰֣Ȼ٣ҿ˵еı˰ʲô
ٵ˵ͷҲ뿴
£һֱʧԭء
ԶǱǹӣҪ˵꣬ҽһ壬ֱʧ˳С
ʧҶߵСǰȻһԶıǹӵˣڿԽʣµǼѳȫǣ
ûǣСǻѵġڼЩۣ֮ЩҪȫЩˣĲ̫ѡ
СһҶ
ҶɫһڣΪʲôô˵
СЩڤеʵҿ϶ǡǣЩǣЩֻڤһݵʵԣҲܱ¶Լеƣ𣿡
ԣҶ˵ͷȷʵڤȻôǿߣǣЩڤеʵСеƶ¶ԺС߿϶ᴦڱ
ʱСͻȻֵЩҲܷŹ
˵ţ֡
䣡
һ쳹𣬽ţһֻ޴۾ֱӳʣϢһ֮۲ϵشӿռ֮˳һʱ䣬ʶ֮ۡ
һ̣ԶǱǹɫʱˡ
ʱСͻȻָűǹӵˣ磬ҵǣСҪѧѧҶɱ˿ħҪɱ䣡
Ҷ


1583 
ҶߣԭԼСоǸɱ˿ħһС죬ʱСѾûǰֲõЦݣѾ溮˪УһĨɭɱ⣡
Ҷ֪һΣСˡ
Сһ㲻һ£
УС£Щ֮ͻȻһ׳Զıǹӵȥ
Ȼϵۣ֮Ǵ˿ֻ̣ʮ֮ۡϾκһ֮۶ֻؾǿ߶вġЩۣ֮ʵҲġ
Ȼֻʮףǣ̺ȴõһԵıǹӵɫޱѿ
Ĭһ˲ǱǹͻȻС죬Ȼǵֵȥסˣ
£ճǹС챩ȥ
Щһȥֿס
ǳĳǹӣСޱ飬ֻʮɾʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţһڳһ
䣡
һըͣʱҶѾСǰ
Ϊʲô֣
ʵܼ򵥣ڤѪŮи飬ǣڤû顣ڣڤҪɱС죬СѣȻҪС졣
ʱС쿴һǰҶȻҶû㣬Ҫҡ
ҶתͷС죬ȻЦЦû˵תȥ
ҶıӰСĬãȻǸأ
ԶǳǹӴһҶȻ΢΢ҡͷ㲻Ҷ֡
ҶЦһԡ
ǹӵ˵ͷһֱ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰţǹֱҶüġ
Ҷ˫ֱӱǹٶ̫죬޷ԷĹ켣ˣ۾Էʽ
ǹҶüֻвʱһͻȻ˳ǹǹϡ

һ𣬳ǹһǹĹ켣ı䣬Ҷ߹Ǿʱǳǹһתǹʱɴ̱ɨ
ɨУҶԴ϶ֱӰң
ҶٶȲڶԷɴ̱ɨʱͻȻͬ۶һһһǹͬʱҽһɵ棬һƳǰһ̡
ǾʱǱǹӵĳǹȴͻȻͣűǹųǹ·͵ؾһҡ
һĻҶɫʱһ䣬еĽҴ̱ɺᵲ
أ
Ҷֱӱһǹҵ˵ϣʱȴųǹŵһɨ
Ҷæٴξٽᵲ
أ
Ҷֱӱɿ⣡
ʱҶѾһĨ졣ͬʱֱֻ۶ڷ飬ֱۣоԼ඼Ѿѣ
ǿ
Ҷ̧ͷӣ֮ɫӵʵǶϱŮӻжϱǿ̫࣡ȻͨǣԷսʶѾԶ
սʶԷٶȶԶ
ղԷսʱвܾͻᱻԷֱӸɱȥӲԷǹԷǹУҲҪУ
ĬãҶ˫ۻһ̣ͷϵĽӡһ貹âܿ죬Ľڽӡļӳ˹Ԫ
ͬʱеĽֱʧ
ֻһ
ӳ⾳ֻһ
Զɫ䣬ճǹǰһ̡
䣡
Ҷӵмʱһɿֲˣ˳͵ɢΧѾӹ̵Ŀռطһ
Ϣ󣬳лָƽ
Ҷڸԭλá
ҶɫصģΪղһԷ׾ٵĻˡ
ӵʵĻҪǿ࣡
û˵Ҫ֣ͻȻ̧ͷʣʵĳʱɫʱˡΪʱʣڤЩǿѾ˽ʮ
ֻڲţ

гͷǺܿͱˡʱ򳷣˻ࡣսȥЩǿ߼пܻȫû
ȫûʱʧڤҲܲ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻС죬һ̣һǹâС챩ȥ
˿̣ǳҪǰĴֻС졣ֻҪסС죬ʤͿԶˡ
ӳСޱ顣ûгֵ֣Ҷ
ҶٴγСǰҶСǰһĨ
䣬гǹ͵سҶһ̡
˿̣ûڱ
ǹ
ǲ
ǹ䴦Ŀռʱ˿ͬʱΧĿռҲڴ˿̾Ҽ
ҶһĨɫһ̣һɿֲڱӿɲǼ䣬һ㱡Ľ⣡
֮
Լ޷ӿ⣬ˣֻ֮
֮ʱ屶ڴ˿Ҳǵõ˴ӡ
˿̣ӵǹѾҶǰǹյһεֱס֣ҶʱϢһϣоȫҪըһ㣡
Ҵ⣬ҶһʳУʣһ̣ս͵ذνһն
ˣ
һڳг𣬽ţһͬʱԲǧڵĿռһֱӹѿǧ֮Ŀռͬڵˮһ㣬ţޱȡ
һӺʲŽƽϢ
ҶԶǧɡ
ʱҶǲѪˣѾ˿Ѫϴڽõ˿ѾһѪˡ
ӣӱҶȴǺúܶ࣬ϣֻˡ
ʣһεĽ棬ռϷ硣
СߵҶǰû°ɣ
ҶЦЦ㿴ûµ𣿡
һΣǲ㱻Էˡһʼкڲ޸壬ȻղһײĻᱻԷ顣
²⣬ǹӵʵѾȫֻؾˡ
СҶǰ˿ڣȻȻôصˣкôġ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵкôһսõ˺ܶܶණ˵һսľ飬ʤޡһֱãսһʵ;
һˣҪսġ
ʱԶͻȻһΣ׽ˡ
֮ʱѾСҶǰ
Ҷɫ΢䣬Ҫ֣ʱСȴס֣Ȼ
Ҷ


1584 Ա
СĻҶһϲָˣ
Сҡҡͷ˵ˣ
£һӡɲǼ䣬һСֱӳǰһ̣ǶСֱӱһɿֲĻˣٶȼ죬˲ͽǳǹӸû
ף
Ҷ˫΢У˵Сǰ˵ǸףȻҪһ£ǣֻһۣ֪Բֿܹġ
֮УһǹâϽЩǹâЩ˷ָһζΣǣձֿЩٴξ£ȻǱǹӸû
һǹ
ʱǻ֮ͻȻӵŭһ̣һǹâǻ֮гң𽫽ɺǵǹâͻȻն£
䣡
ͻȻը˿ǹɻͬХһɲǼǽбһƬ𺣣ܿ죬Щ˾ʧӰ١ͬʱһСųСǰ
ԶӴʱΪǱгǹǹѾѣ䱾˵ǰһƬںڣˣ˿̶ѾѪģֲ
ǿ
ҶٴοһССĻҪǿӵʵ̹ģ׾ȻܹŪ⸱ģ
һǿ
Զд˿ҲޱȣȻҲû뵽ͻȻðôôһ˵ǿ
ʱСͻȻСף
С΢΢һһֱ̣ӻһӱȥٶ֮죬Ҷûܹ塣
䣡
һըֱӱǧ֮⡣
ӸͣСȴٴγǰţǻͻȻըѿȻһ˽Ӹ
ȻԴУ³ǹӣ˿̣Ѿû˿
Уһǹâǻ˵м伤ʼֱӱЩǹâָʮΣÿһαֿ֮ǻ˱ٴѸٻָʼձš
˴ԼһӺ󣬳нָƽ
ɢȥСصСԣڲԶӡ
ӿСãȻǿ
£彥ܿ죬䳹ʧԭء
䣡
Ҷ˫ֻգĿٴСϣĿǰΪֹ֮ǿĻ棡
УСޱ飬̧ͷЩ֮۽ֵĺǿߡ˿̣ʵЩֻʣ²ʮ֮Ҳʧʮ
С쿴ЩҹãȻǶɱˣ
С΢΢һһ̣һţ
ʣЩڵֿ֮۵ĺ˲һĻɫʱ䣬ǶԿЩۣ֮ͼΪˣֶЩǿĻεֵס
ȻǲҲõΪʵЩ֮ʱʱ̶̿ǣҪӣֻ½ӣҪӳϵͱЩۣ֮
ܵУ

һҽ쳹𣬲Ϣ䣬ʵЩǿ߱ѾٶȻڲš
ҶһС죬ʱСޱ顣Ҷ֪СˡʵҲǣСǷǳǳصģڤȴҪӶ磬С˵޷̵ġ
ʣԽԽ࣬˴˿̣ʵЩǿֻʣʮҡ
䣡
ʱңԶǿͻȻһضΪ֮һţڤйСк˳С
ڤйٵһ̣ЩǿɫʱˡΪڤйٵұѾˣˣؿڴһѡ
ڤйٰˣ
˿̣Щǿ߶ʱЩˡ
ڤйٿСкãȻǿ
Скһڤй٣Ҳ˵ңӻ֮⣬Ҽǿģ

ڤй˫΢УȻһԵС죬
Ск̧ͷЩۣ֮ȻڤҲ֪ǿʵ϶ǿǣҪ磬ˣҲḶ޷ܵĴۣ
ΪΣڤйٳ
Скڤй٣ΪѡģӵʹǵңӣҲĴ𾴣ûгս
ڤйٿһԶС죬ȻĬ
ʱΧĿռٴ𶯣ţҲ˳С
һ̣ΧЩǿ߸Ӿˡ˿̵𣬾ȻѾͷ׷ˣѾ鲼ƣͼһнľϸ
٣ʱ٣ûʲô󰭣ֻеǶ˰Ѿή
ڤйٿһɫˡʵҲǷǳģû뵽ǶСŮȻܹŪ⸱ģ
һ̣֪ڤˡˣ
һԣߵСԣȻС죬ɱǸ
СסٵС֣ȻûϵģּǺѱɱġõ㣬ûսѾܺˡ
ٵ˵ͷȻеǶ˰һĨȻÿϧءûϵԺ󻹿кܶܶʱ䣡
С챧˱٣ȻתͷһԵҶ԰æ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ˵
С쿴һٵֻţȻԺָһֻţ𣿡
Ҷһ٣ȻȻû⣬ֻǣԼʵѵԼָ𣿡
СҡҡͷЩ⣬Ժϸ˵Ӧ˾ͺˡ
˵ţתͷԶڤйٵˣ֮ǰҸǻᣬǣûϧԣڶȥɣ
˵ţһӡ
СкŻʱڤйٵ˳˹ȥ
ܳǶ٣
ڤйٵϣתһǿУţдʳ͵һ
䣡
ڤйһǰĿռֱӱһ޴ѷ죬ţתСк˳˹ȥ
ʣЩǿʱڤйٵٴ𣬡ʹǿߣҪû塣ȥߵ˼У
֮ʱڤйѾСк˵ǰţָԼüһɲǼ䣬һɼֲϢڱӿϢֱӽСкǧɿ⡣
ȻδֻڤйٸѸΧϢһҲǱ쳣Ŀ񱩣
Ա
һĻɫǱˡ


1585 ֮
ҶҲɫһ䣬û뵽ڤйپȻѡԱڤйǿԱǺĿֲ
СкҲ֮ɫ£Скǰ̤һֳǰֻ̽أ
ɲǼ䣬һɫг֮ϣţԽԽֱ̼ӽǰǧֻڵĿռȫǣ
Ǿ޴ɫڣһǺɫҲڴ˿̷ţ·ʱҪըһ㡣ãڣǾ޴ɫͻȻը˿񱩵ܷ俪
ʱͻȻ˫֣촽ޣ
ɲǼ䣬ΧЩ񱩵ͻȻֹת˲Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮УЩȻֱȫޣһ˲ͳ׻ָƽ
ʱѾʧ
УСޱ顣
ĬãС쿴Ск٣ȻǺúϢһ°ɣսܲŸոտʼ
Ск΢΢ͷȻתһʧԭء
ߵСǰȻЩˣء
С˵ͷ֪
ֵС죬þôء
С̧ͷʣĬãȻҾҵ̫ǿܣƻ飬ԣڳ˯ʱӡԼڿеء
֪ͺã
ʱҶߵСǰȻС죬ûǣҪף磬ûõġ㲻ϲܣǣ˼Ҳ㡣ǿԵģͷ
С΢΢ͷͻȻתͷҶ´ڤʮЩŮҪô죿
ҶסûڤѪŮʱԼΣ
ĬãҶһȰȰǡڤǺǿǣСߵҲ˵ڤҪһ磬˵Ľ϶ܾˡ
ѪŮǣҲ
ǲ뿴ġ
СߵҶԣȻҶļ򣬡Ҳ˺ѣǣҪӶ磬ҿ϶ġ
˵꣬תȥ
ԭأҶĬСƢЩ˽ģȻƽʱֵģǣȴһǳԭˡ֪Сǲν֮ǣƬ⡣
˵ϵۣ
ʱһԵͻȻߵҶǰҶɫ΢䣬Ϊ˿̸оЩʣָоҪСŮʵЩɵġ
ٿһҶȻ𣿡
Ҷԥһ£Ȼҡҡͷ㲻˺ң𣿡
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ٳĬ˺һᣬȻСǸˡ
Ҷһۣ˵ʲô
ٵҪ˺
ҶЦЦҪ˺˼𣿡
ٿҶãȻСԸѣ϶Ƿǳġǣ㿴Ǹˡ
Ҷ
ʱֵǸ˵еֱȷʵһˡ
Ҷߣеˡ
˵㻹ǸЩ˵һ£ǱС鷳ˡΪСӦȥ۸ңСҲģҪôˣЩѿɾҪ군ˡ
жҶæʡ
룬ȻҲرġ
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ʱֵ㣬ȻеҸо㲻һˣԵĻʱҲСɡ
Ҷϵܺã
ȻٵСõѣءңкööأһЩĶ뿪ˡȻǸڤߺߣ
ǣкܶѣҶʡ
ٵ˵ͷ϶ģǻ˺þúþõģʶȻǺܶܶġЩ֪ˣ϶ġϧЩ˶֪ȥˡ
˵⣬ҡҡͷȻô˭۸Ҿʹ˭
˵꣬תһʧԭء
ԭأҶĬãȻתȥ
ϵܿ½˿һʱ䣬½Ļ̡̻½Щ뵽ĲУǿʼټԼ˻壬ȻϽ
У
Ը˵ʱ򣬱ʵҪģи߸ڶš
СҲûȥЩæ˼ʵҲףȥУ˼ҲңˣҲǹĶǣң㣡
ܵ˵½ЩСǿˡ
鹬
УСλϣСסڴ·Щ
Сɨһ·ЩȻûôҴܣǲе㲻أ
ʱСϵСͻȻսצӣȻʹͷ
֮ǰˣǣûнӵҶСһֱûгСҶһʼûǵָʾǧ
ҶС죬С׻ǷǳġʵҲֻСҶܹˡ
·ЩҲѧСһսȭͷȻһҺܲ˵ӣ
һԣҶһĻ۽ֱ
ЩǲϲܵģСʶ£һܲȥһܣ
СС׵ԴȻ𼱣Ƕ𼱣˶ãǾͶмܴˡ
Сæͷ۾˷֮ɫ
·ҶֱҡͷСǱС̻˰
ļʱһжƽȻҶȴ֪ڤ϶ǲôưոݵġ
һᱻһѸѵġ֮ǰС죬ڣǶСߵʵѾһ˽⣬ˣʣ϶Ҫ֮ǰһεݡ
ڤ
ʱڣҶȻҲûš

֮ǰǹһսõ̵ףԼ̫̫Ĳ㡣
Ȼ౦˫⾳ǣЩһЩǿǰЩġ
һΣҶ˰ϾΪ밲ϾȻƴȴޱĽĵãˣд裬˫źܴôġ
Ҷ뿪˺
뿪ֱ鹬⣬ԶվһȫɢŨѪζŮӡ
ŮѪŮ
ڤ𣿡Ҷʡ
ѪŮҡҡͷôܣ
Ҷüͷһ壬ֻ˵С첻ô򵥣
ѪŮ΢΢ͷȻѾˡ㣬뿪Ƭ磬ģҪڲ˻ˮˡ
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
ѪŮĬãȻп֮
Ҷ֪֪ΪβҪƴܾˣ
ѪŮҶ֮ڤĻˡǣھԲˡңڤбһЩǿѾ׼ϵˡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ѪŮֱҶ֪ûƷ֮ϵıʲô𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ѪŮ֮
Ҷ


1586 죡
֮ǱҶʡ
ѪŮҡҡͷȷʲôǣȴԳΪһһЩǿʦһʱƳΪ飬
˵⣬˶٣ֵƳ飬ô磬൱ϵԽƳΪڵԳı
ƳڵֱҶ㵵
ѪŮ˵ͷ
ҶĬΣȻû֮𣿡
ѪŮÿ綼֮ģν֮ǱҪõӵЩӵ֮С죬ҲˡڣڤбһЩѾ֮ˡ
ҶĬʵҲС֮Ӧ˶С֮ڣСΪģ˭Ҫ
ѪŮһҶţδضһȰ뿪Ƭ磬Ҫ˻ˮ˻ˮҲܹ˵ġ
ҶѪŮ㣬ҲʶС죬ѣҿ϶һǣҸѡڴҵ뿪ϵҶһĶᰲ˻һ˵Ҫ
ѪŮһĨӣСһ
Ҷ㣬ҲС𣿡
ѪŮĬãȻǰǿ϶վڤߣڣǵĵʵ˵ʮòڵڤңҲԿС죬ȻҲΪ㣡
ԣҶһɣµľСѪŮǶϡãѪŮǲûҪСԿ˼
ʱѪŮֵǣ飬ɼ˵⣬˶٣ֵһ㣬ڣϵˮѾԽԽˡȻҪͣǾҪ׼
Ҷ˵ͷһģ
ѪŮ˵ͷأ˵꣬һֱӻһѪâʧʡ
ѪŮߺСͻȻҶǰ
֮𣿡ҶС죬ʡ
СĬãȻҡҡͷ֪Ĳ֪
ҶЩѣҲ֪˭
С쿴ҶǸһҲ֮ʱҲԼ֮־úе㲻ԡ
ҶҡҡͷԼ˭ǵˣ˯ʵ̫ˡ
С̧ͷʣԺܶû˯ء
ҶߵСǰȻСԴ̫ģûµġ
С쿴ҶãȻҲĵģҲµģġ
ҶЦͺá
С˵ͷȻǵǰ˵һȭ𣿡
ҶһĨ˷ܣԸˣ
Сӣ˺ܶ飬ܶ鶼ѾˡҲϲ𣬵ǣ磬棬л𡣾뻵ˣкˣȻͻлˡ
˵⣬Ҷǰ㣬ƻ磬ڣ㲻ƻƬģ𣿡
ȻҶǰȻҲй뷨ǣǵÿ˭ڣпܾС죬Сѣ˭죬ͻСŪ˭
С¶һĨЦݣߣǽȥ
ܿ죬ҶС˺ڶ㡣
ڶУСȭ졯ǵһһרΪ˶Ը֮۶ġ
רΪ˶Ը֮۶ģҶЩ⣬ⲻǸָһһ𣿲ָһֻܶһ֮ãۣ֮Ѿȫûвˡ
С˵ͷǸһҲǺҪģҸʰˡ
˵⣬ҶȻǾ͸档Щˣû¶Ҫ죬ˣ๼
ҶЦЦ㿴ɶֲˡ˵˵ʲôȭɣ
С˵ͷȻǼһȻôʵǺܲġ֮ԱʳȭΪ֪ССǵ㣬Ȼо£ȭȷʵԡ
Ҷԥ£ȻʣԷȭųƱ죬û𣿡
ߺߣ
СЦһǰǺģ
ҶæͷԶԣǳ̸ȭ
СʵȭҲܼ򵥣˵ӦǺܼ򵥵ġԼɡ˵ţָҶü䡣
ɲǼ䣬һϢҶС
˲һӣҶȫϡ
ȭ
ò˵ȭȷʵƼȭҪƼȭ𶼱Ȳȭ
ȭҪǡ֣ȭľ衣˵ȭҪҪ
һˣֻûģãȭķԸıЩҲǽתΪȻۺԼ߶
߽ʱǱǷǳֲġ
ʱСȭʵͣұģǣʵ̫һЩǿߣкܶĲ㣬ȭպ֮ǰǸǹӣҲһս֮ڱԷѹŴ򣡡
ҶһС죬΢ůлл
СҡҡͷȻڴЩ뿪ɣ
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
СղǸŮ˵Ķԣ㻹Ǳҵˡ츳ǱԺ󡭡
С죡
ʱҶͻȻСĻô˵ҿЩˡǲʵ̫С
СҡҡͷʵҲͦģǺӽͼǻֻǣҵЩˣǸڻ̫ᣬ޷ǿ⣬𣿡
ҶЦ֪ǣһҪΪѡֻҪҲ׸ҾͻһԡҶ˾ǣ˲ˡ
˵ûС죬ѾˡСȻûаܣǣСʵ̫̫ˡڣСΣգôأ
С쿴ҶãȻǸأ
ҶЦЦȻССԴôһΣһȥЩߡ
ںСһҶʼ߼ȭҪЩǿϵ֮ǰѧᣬֻʱܸﵽС졣
Сָ£Ѿ˼ȭȴ޷ʩչΪת̫
ʱһһȥһº
һУһʯϣҶϡ
Ҷ˫΢գͬɮ붨һ㣬ĳһ̣ͻȻ۾ȻֽճȭɲǼ䡪
ǲ
Ҷսȭͷһ̣ΧĿռֱӹѿ
ʱҶɫͻȻȻ䣬ţһֱӴϮδӦֱӺϡ
أ
Ҷֱ׷˳ȥ
͵Ϯ
͵Ϯ


1587 ڤ˾
ò˵ʱҶЩµģΪںڣô͵Ϯأ
ܿ죬Ҷˡ͵ϮĲˣǺ
ղǺڶ֣
Ҷ̧ͷһۣȻ֣ʲô
ʱСͻȻҶǰȻżһҶԴǸ
ʲô˼ҶЩ¡
СһҶԴȻȭ̫ʩչƻıԴȻʩչǿ𣿡
Ҷ㶣漴׹һոγɣҲ൱һ磬һܵ𣬵ȭЩԲˡ
뵽ʲôҶС죬ʵС죬磬֮𣿡
СգգۣûأҪҪҸһ
Ҷ㵵
С˵ͷȻģҿΪһ֮ءңҲã磬ҪȻҪķˡ
Ҷ룬ȻԺ˵ɡ
С΢΢ͷ˵ʲôͻȻü΢Ĭһ˲Ȼˣ
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
ϵǿ֮УһͻȻһƬǿ֮С߿·½ã΢΢ͷȻ
ʱСͻȻߵǰԶ
С쿴ߣڤģ
ڤ
΢΢һ漴ҡҡͷǡ˵ţһС죬ȻԾʮĻϵǰǴϵġ
ʲôС쵭
ߵĴӦ÷ǳһϵ԰µֿڤǣһϵΪһϵĸ
СҡҡͷϵΪϵĸ
߳ĬΣȻ£ϵǷǳгģǲ£ȻҲӶ磬ֻĳЩʱҪµϵ
СٴҡҡͷϵΪ˵ĸȥתǻϵµģ˵ϵΪУǣϵҲ±ˡ
߿СãȻ¶ԼƺġţҪ˽⵽ϵµĴ¾Ͳܾôˣ
С̧ͷǿ֮⣬ĬúͻȻҲû¹˭
߿һС죬Ȼˡǣ˵꣬һֱʧԭء
ҶСԣǱǿߣ
С˵ͷȻҶ֪ΪʲôЩ˶Ҫ۸𣿡
ΪʲôҶ⡣
СЦһΪΪΣ˵֮ûǿͳ磬֮ĺôǣϵЩ嶼ɵģһɢɳ㿴廹壬߱ʲô壬ǶûҪæ˼
˵⣬ҡҡͷֵڱ磬֪һЩ粻ģǸϵû´һǿȨҲ˽ģҲ֮ģ룬ǿԺġ
ҶԺὨһȨͳЩ𣿡
СҡҡͷҾãﶼƽȵģ˭Ӧȥū۱ˣأ
ҶҡҡͷҾãһж̫ˡ
СһЦ˵ͻȻ̧ͷǿģϵЦʧˡ
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ܿ죬һɫ׵Ůǿ֮л˳ŮĸݾֻǴһ˿޵ɷ˲ֱӡ
ŮͻȻ·С죬һ̣ͻȻСǿһ㡣
䣡
ңԶǿͻȻһǣǳС˵λһʼǿǺСǽģԽԽ󣬵Ҷɫˣ
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һ
ǿϵϿʱѾȫסϵǿգл̺һɰԵƥĿֲ
ҶɫޱȵأŮӵʵһǿ
ʱСкͻȻǰ̤һһ̣ų͵ؾһġ
һֻͻȻƬǿ֮ϣţҶ˵Ŀ֮Уֻǿֱӵķʽݺݵغһ
䣡
ǿͻȻһţǿ֮бˣ·½˿̶ھҲ·Ҫһ㣬ޱȡ
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ҶȴǷ֣˿̲Ск٣ɫصġ
Ҷ̧ͷǿ֮ϣ˿̣ŮӵԣһŮһӡŮ𣬴ʱѾָԼԭò
һ̣ɫ׵ŮֱӳС˵ǰ
С쿴һŮӣȻڤ
ŮǷһĨǣҲҪԳ֣ڤ˾֮һĿ˾֮ǰнԸͶڤԷһ·ǲԸߣ˵ǷһĨɫ
СûлشŮӣתͷһԵСкСģ
Ск˵ͷȻŮӣһνĿ˾
£һֱʧ˳С
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ʱͻȻ٣㻹б˰𣿡
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ԣ
£һֱʧԭء
С쿴˳ʣµڤӣŻۣûʲôرڵĵط
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䣬ֱƾʧԭء
С쿴Եķףɴ⡣
ף
˵ֱ꣬ӻһ
ҶɨһܣȻüͷС죬ûоãе㲻Ծ
Сü΢˵ʱΧͻȻӰˡ

ͻȻһ̣ɫֱӶСϡ
һĻҶɫʱ䡣


1588 ڤʮ֮ף
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Ҷɨһܣһ̣չչһ˲ͻȻܣЩҶδӦֱӽû
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Ů̧ͷһЩۣ֮ȻЩ֮۵ʵҪԶһֻؾǿߵġ
ŮӿãȻջĿ⿴ԶС죬ڤԸһλᣬֻҪ㲻ԹԸߣЩ֮ЭڤϵڤԲɱ¾ȻոһԿڤߣȫҪ
СЦһȫҪǺôĿҸ㣬С첻ϲܣ´ܣСʽڤսҪƵ䳹׵ʧ
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Ů俴С죬Ȼڤȫ㣡
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ڤʮ֮ףŮ֣


1589 ϤѪζ
ʣһŮӳС
ŮŮ
֮۱̵ֻСɫʱţ־ҪӣʱҶȴͻȻס֣Ȼҡҡͷ
С쿴һҶû˵
Ҷ˵ͷȻһŮǰ
ŮһҶޱ顣
ҶС죬𣬶𣿡žȻǲİģɶʱž졣
Ů벻ǣʲô𣿡
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼ㻹δѣ𣿡
ǣŮֱҶ
Ҷ˵ͷˡ㲻ҵʶǸˡ
Ůתͷһ·ȻʮжҶ˵һ䣬뿪ɡ
ҶҡҡͷȻԲС𣿡
ŮҶãȻԣ
ҶһУͬʱ߶˽ӡ֮߶ӡ֮Ľ̴ﵽ˹ԪͬʱȫҲʱһ㱡Ľ⣡
ŮҶ㲻ҵĶ֣
ҶɨһܣȻĿǿŮϣڤϵȻҪϵǣò˵ĺܰԵء
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Ҷ˵ͷҵȻ򡣡˵ţŮҲʮõǺܺõѣһΣѡվСߡ
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ŮһۿŮӣȻҶһλᣬԸ뿪ҿ㱣֤ڤԸ㣬ҲԸˡ
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ҶС죬Сػ磬ҵְ𣬸ûйϵġ߰ɣģҲģһǻὫ㵱Ǻѵġ
ҶЦЦҶһ˽ˣػ磿ģҴûй뷨С죬ҵѣѣ뿪ԼῴԼ򲻹Ҫ޴ǣʱ򣬱˵޴ô򣡡
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жʱһɫ޶ǵͬʱըѿֱӽΧĿռһ󼤲š
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Ҷ˵ͷһΣûŮϻˣΪǰŮѾǵԷǿ϶ֵġ
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ŮҲû˵̧ͷЩۣ֮˾ڤʮһۣ֮Щ֮ۺʮý˳ڤȻ㲻˳ڤҲûʸңף
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ŮӳĬһ˲ͻȻһŷǰһ̣ŷңȻʱը
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һĻҶɫһ
ʱǴӿռ߳˿С죬˵ͻȻԷһԵҶϤѪζǼ𣿡


1590 ڤ
˵һӣһϮɫĳۣһɫĳߡԣһֻ״Щޡ
ȫڣͷ绢ȫɢһϢ
ӵĻҶԷһӺҶҡҡͷûм
üͷ΢壬ϵѪζҺϤ
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ҶҪ˵һԵͻȻϵˡҶȻǲġ
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Ļüͷ壬ĬúĿһҶȻһԵС죬Ǵ˵ص֮ɣ
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ӵڤ󻤷˴ΣҴڤ֮ǰнԸЩ֮ڤڤԲӶᣬ磬Ȼƹܡ

СЦһϵΪū
ӿСãȻ˵ͷˣ˵ţɨһСˣȻ˭
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ҲҪٷֳֻҪסپͿˡ
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ܿ죬С߽·ˡΪʵЩۣ֮ŮĶ֡һӵʱ䣬Ѿ֮۱Ůɵˡ
ɵ֮ۺŮϢԽǿˣ
СɫԽĲÿˡ
ʱһԵĿŮͻȻ̧ͷǿĬһ˲һԵС죬ڤѵˡ
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ħɨһڤˣȻգϵߣ
˵꣬һǿŮӵ˳˹ȥ
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һը󻤷ֱӱǧɿ⡣
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ͷ˵Ŀ֮Уķʽڿײһ
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һĻڤɫѿ
û뵽ħ޾Ȼ˵ǿڤ󻤷޷֮⡣

ħͻȻͷһŭХţһ󻤷˹ȥ
ٶȼ죬쵽Ѿֱӽ֮Ŀռ䶼˺ѣ
ʱһԵСͻȻɫһ䣬СħСģ
أ
С£ħޱֱӵ˳ȥһɣǧԶͬʱһֱӴ°һѪ׷˳ȥ
Ҷ㶣ȻԶ
ʱԶ󻤷ŮӵͻȻ΢΢һ


1591 ޵С죡
ڤ
Ҷһݣ̧ͷȥֻϿգһŮǿ˳
Ůģ
ҶüͷŮӵݣȻķ֣Ȼ޷Էò
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ҶԵС죬㿴õ𣿡
С쿴һҶȻ˵ͷ
ҶʣΪҿ壿
СĬһ˲Ȼ̫
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ʱԶڤͻȻ᱾Ϊշ˽磬ڤԣ׾֮£δ뵽ڤûܹշ˽磬۽Ҵˡ
˵ţĿСϣһλᣬǽڤɲɱ¾ǲ˽ۣ֮ڤ֮
£ĿռͻȻţһ׷ʮӳ˳С
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ڤǿ߾
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˵ţ̧ͷԶڤһֱ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾڤǰ
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һҶ𾪵Ŀ֮Уڤֱӱǧ֮⣬ͬʱ˻δعʱСѾס˿Ůӵĺ
С俴ſŮӣȻСѾˣǣȴģԣΪɣ
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ԶŮֱһھѪȻ˱ǧ֮⣡
СҪٴγ֣ʱڤͻȻСǰţֲָСλһ㣬ɲǼ䣬ǰĿռͻȻͬһʯͷƽĺˮһ㣬һţСΧǧڵĿռȻѣ
һĻһԵٵɫʱһ䣬پҪ֣ʱǱĿռͻȻԼٶ޸ţһϢ䣬֮ǰСվλõĿռѾָˣСվԭλá
С쳯ڤȥϵԿٵʹûжκˣκϵԱˣǣҲɱԣ᳼ˡڤϵգСϵʽڤս̤ϵڤߣգһҲߣ
䣬ֻһ̣͵سԶٶڤֻؾǿ߾һ䡣
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Ⱥ֮ͻȻը˿ʮֻؾǿ߾ȻֱӱСһȭƬ
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ڤǱߵ˴˿ҲСչֳʵסˣһȭɱʮλֻؾǿߣһɱɣʵ
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СǷһĨһӣط
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СЩҲûţ·׷׳֣һһʵЩڤǿ߼ȥ
ԶڤҪ֣СȴͻȻǰȻٴһƳ˹ȥ
ڤûжͬһƳС˹ȥ
أ
ڤֱӱǧ⣬Сȴֻ˲ɣ
˿̵С죬֮ӳ֣˵ϵ޵еĴڣ
ڤҲǼǿȻСֻܻ֮ڤֱӻɱڤʱȥĻϵڤܣֻʱ⣡
ϾĶС죬˿̿ɲһˣڿġ
ģڤѾȫѹƣЩǿһһ䡣
ʱңԶǿ֮ϣԭСǿͻȻܿ죬ĳһĿռֱӱ˺ѿţһ׷л˳󣬻жʮߣ
ȫֻؾǿߣ
׷ߣ֮ǰҹСϵߡ
׷߿һ·Ȼڤ֣˽ڤһϵֻҪ֮Ļꡭ˵⣬תͷһԵСףԼĻ꣡
ԶڤĬһ˲Ȼɣ
УС׿˿ڤȻֿ˿ǻϵߣһ̣һֱӳҶǰȻҶļϡ
ҶС׵ԴȻ̧ͷߣҪʲô
ߵҼһȱһ飬ʺϡ
ҶֱߣȱҹҾԴպʺϣժңΣ


1592 ʲô
ҶĻǰ׷ߵɫʱ
׷Ҷ֪˵ʲô
ҶֱߣҪ˵һ飿
С׾ۣԷȻҪС׵ȥ飬ȻԷɫ
׷û˵ֳǰһ̽ȻҶվһץʱһֻҶͷĿռ˳Ȼ·Ҷݺץ˹ȥ
ҶһĨûκηϻνһն
ˣ
һһ𣬽ٶȼ죬˲ֻ֮ϡ
䣡
߸һӴ͵رըǿΧĿռһ󼤲
ʣ׷˫΢УӣѹôšȻϣ
£ǰ̤һֽճȭȻ·Ҷվһȭ
ȭһ׵ȭͻȻҶͷĿռ˳ȭ֮ҶͷʱҶΧĿռֱӱȭɢѹѹŤ
ҶҪ֣ʱϵСͻȻԶЩ˻Сצţſͣһɫʱ֮˳ɫĿ꣬ǰ׷ߡ
ͬʱԶЩڴ˿ҲǷ׷׳֣ɫͬĹ·ڿл۳Ϊһɾ޴Ĳɫɲɫʱ׷ɫʱˡ
䲻Ҵ⣬д󣬵ʾʮһ֣ʮһֵĵֵ£СЩĲɫʱƵˣǰ׷ߵȴǱǧ֮Զ
С׵Ҫٴγ֣ʱڤЩֻؾǿͻȻЩ˹ȥ
СգգۣȻҶҶԴȥɣСĵ㣡
С׵˵ԴȻһЩмλãţӿ˳ЩֺΧЩʱʼЩ
СЩȻǿǣڤЩǿ߿ɲãЩֻؾǿ߶κβСǡСЩҪЩֻؾǿߣҲѣϾЩֻؾǿߵɲ١
ǿ֮ϣڤ׷ߣˣ
׷߿һڤȻһϵǿһӾ͸ϵ
ڤ΢΢ͷȻ·С죬һɱ𣿡
СԿ
£ֱʧԭء
ʱϵڤ֮䣬Щˡ
ʱСȻ޵еĴڣǣڤһҲСҪɱʱ޷ġּǿߣʵԶǣȻҪɱǣǷǳѵġңʱڤûСӲ
ϣ
ڤϣ
Ȼϵǿһʱƾͻ˲ŤתΪʱֻҪϵЩǿڤǿ֣϶ܹں̵ܶʱЩ֮ۡ
ʱС޵УϾһ֮ڤ뻷ϵġ
ҶȻվСߵģЦС׵Ѿй¶ȥ˵Ǹϵ¾ڤŹô̫ˡ
СһܣС׻СЩ³ϻܲң
Ҷɨһܣܿ죬ɫΪʱŮѾɵۣ֮
Ҷ֣ŮЩ֮۵ĿǣңŮÿɵһۣ֮ϢͻøǿһЩˣŮЩ֮۽֣ԽսԽǿ
ȥ
Ĭһ˲ҶһŮǰ
ҶԼǰŮü΢߿
ҶܷŹЩ֮һ𣿡ʱС޷˼ߣȥЩ֮ۿ϶ᱻŮɵĸɸɾ
Щ֮۶ϵߣһŮɵϵ˵Ƿǳ˵ġ
Ů俴Ҷһ飬߿
Ҷҡҡͷ
Ůû˵һֱҶǰȻһƶҶԴȥ
ҶŮûжûз
ŮҶͷаʱֻͻȻͣ
ҶŮŮҲҶ
Ĭһ˲Ůջ֣ô
ҶǰһȻ𣬶𣿡
ŮĬ
Ҷҵ㣬ǻδѵ㣬𣿡
ŮҶû˵
Ҷɨһ۳УȻ𣬿ԷŹЩ֮𣿡
Ů̧ͷԶȻϵزסġС죬ĳЩ˵һԾܾջ뿪ü
ҶЦЦСС죬ϵЩˣ
Ů۶ߵһ㷢ȻҲûκô֮ս޷ıʲô
ҶĬŮ˵һ㶼ûһΣҶȫΪһ͡ڤС֮ս޷ıʲôΪС컹ڤ˵ʵ̫̫ˡ
ʱŮͻȻԶСףɡ
Ҷüͷһ壬ʲô˼
Ůڸ֮Ľų̶ȣڤ֮ҪţΪڵѾݽߣǲòı·ϵǵĳ·ǣҲ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ŮΪܻȻһƬ档ʵ˵ˣһһһһƬĳңƳĻô൱һƶ֮ܶô̫̫ûĸܹܾ
˵⣬ҶʵԱ㣬˵ǻ
Ҷ˵ʱңԶǿͻȻţһ޴ĽɫϵϿա
ɫǧɣģȻͷ
棬һӣڽӵĻУһòŮӡ
ΧһȺɫףֳֳǹϰ٣ȫֻؾ
һĻ˶ͣ
Զϵİһ·Ȼһ񣬡
ӻȻɨһ·Ǹϵ
߹ص˵ͷǡ
˵ʱеòŮͻȻԶСף
׷ߵ˵ͷĪС㣬ǣڣʺ顣
ԣŮȻһЦȻ§סɣ˵ģҪΪҵľһġ
ŮӵȻЦʲôʱʳԹ
˵ţһԵС죬½ңŻϵȥΣ
Ҳأ˵ĲС죬һԵҶʱҶѾСױ˻
ҶĻĿʱҶϣʲô
ʲô
ҶЦһʲô
ң
ЦЦȻϵİ磬磬ЩּҵңּҵӣҲδϵ֮˵ʲô


1593 ڸߴһ䣿
ҵ𣿡
Ҷֱ棬˵Щеûģ㣬ҵ

ǷһĨʲôʸҵ

Ҷҡҡͷԭϵδֻ֮ɫֻ֪߲Żȥ˵Լϵ˭Լ˭ˣ˵ľ㡣
滹δ˵Ե׷ͻȻŭȵ
£߾Ҫ֣ʱȴס˰׷ߣȻҶ֪֪£µǲ֪Լ֪㡭
ʱҶͻȻνָ棬ұƱˣ㣬ҵ
УһĻ˽̲סһҶ
ڤУȻ֮ɫ
ҶʵΣҶݵݺѾõǵͬˡң˾͸ҪսսЩʲôʲôϵҲ
УɫʱȻôҾͳȫ㡣£һԾ·Ҷȥ
ʱ˿̣սǲˡȻȥɶˡ
ҶϿհɾʱһɿֲϢʱڱӿϢֱ֮ӽΧĿռ䶼ѹķһ

ȻǿߣɢϢһЩֻؾǿ߻Ҫǿ
ҶҲ⣬ǻϵӣСõԴ϶Ƿǳǳģ£˵һˣһͷܹɾˡ
Ĭһ˲ҶͷĽӡͻȻţҶĽֱӱ˹Ԫͬʱ֮Ҳ߶һ̣Ҷֱʧԭء
һֻأ
Ҷһ־ǳȫȻҪȫΪ˵ֻһλᡣ
ҶһʱԶǻϵ׷ɫһ䣬Сģ
˵꣬һԶȥ
ԶڼҶʧһ̣ɫͱޱѿˡ֪Լһˣˡ룬һһɫԲܳУͬʱڵеԲӿȥ
һ̣һֱӵԲ֮ϡ
أ
ԲֱӺȻѣƬԲ֮󺧣ҪߣȻѾˣһֱӵü֮ϡ
ܣ
һаܣ
Ѿ嵽ҶǰɵӲͣţû뵽ԼҵӾȻһߵһжӲ¡
Ҫ֪ڻϵҲǳŰ
ԶڤһҶû˵ȴһĨ졣
ӣ
ʱԶͻȻλ֣ϵһޣҲǵһţһ㶼ԩ
ȻʱҶϵڤ֮սвûʲôãǣҶڤûС
Ҷҵ׾ˡ
Ҷֱ棬뿪ϵ귢ģ̤ϵ
Լ뷨Ļһģɱ棬޷ϵĿǰΣҲ֮ǰΪʲôҪ棬ԭ
ҶĻЦһڿЦ㡭
ʱҶͻȻνһն
ͣ
ֱӴһѪ׷˳ȥ
һĻϵɫ䣬ŭȵҶ㡭
ҶͻȻתͷĻұ죬ڸߴһ䣬ŲԴң
㡭
׷ŭɽңȴ˵ʲôΪҶ˵ʱڿЦңֱҶĸô
Ҷתͷ棬ʱɫѾޱҳô󣬵һαˡ
죡
ҶеĽǰ˵֣ʱüģȻֹܿ죬һѪü˳˲ΪһѪ
Ҷ棬һ飬뿪ϵұ֤̤ϵ
濴ҶΣͻȻЦɱѽɱҸ㣬һϵ̤ƽϵ˵ţָָҶؿڣ㣬ұ֤йϵˣܵпĥ㡭
ʱҶͻȻһ
ͣ
˵Ŀ֮УԴֱ׷˳ȥ
ϵЩֱӴסˡ
ڤЩ˴˿ҲסǶû뵽ҶȻĸɱ

ʱһԵڤͻȻ
ڤĻڤЩǿû˿ԥתߡ
ҶһڤȻ׶ԷΪʲôʱѡ񳷣ΪԷ֮ɱ棬ʣϵ϶ưոݣ
ڤߣϵ뻷ϵܾˣȻʱڤڳ֮
ɱ棬ǳ嶯֮
Ȼǣ
ղĻʱͻȻһ£Ǿǲܽϣڱϡûϵ˳ϵȻ˼ҷԶ̤ϵò˵еɣ
ʵȻۣûʵñ˷һԶûã
ڤôˣǲ̫˼ˣ
ʱһͻȻǿ𣬽ţһƾճ˳С
ӣǻϵİ׷ߵɫʱһ䣬Ȼæӹһ
ּҼ
Ҷ˫΢Уû뵽⻷ϵϴˡϵû֮ΪּҾǻϵҲǻϵĽߣˣּҼȻǻϵϴ
ԶڤһּҼȻּҶ֮ڱصð
ּҼתͷ·С죬Ȼڴ˽磬ӵ֮ӳ֣㻹ңڴ˽綼֣Ҷ֣ܹ֮һսΣּڤ֣³֮ϵڤּ֮ңΣ
ڤĬ
ʱּҼֵҪּҲ᳷
ڤһּҼȻãϵڤּ֮ң
ԣּҼ΢΢һЦȻ·ҶǶȻôϾҵĶӡɱ㣬е̫㡣ΣּһȱһͷŹˣô
Ҷ˫΢УҪ˵ʱһͻȻǿҪҵ˸Ź
£һŮͻȻ˳УŮĿֱּҼϣһӺţôϵּҾͻʧ
ˣ


1594 ǿ뿿ң
У˵ĿⶼŮӵϡ
ŮһϮˮɫȹԼʮ߰꣬üĿֻɫЩ䡣
ֵһ˵ǣŮӸҶòмơ
ң
ҶһŮӣĬ֪ӦþǸʲôʹˡ
ԶּҼŮӣǺˡ
ŮûּҼתҶҶʱĿ֮жʱһ˿ɫ㶼ôˡ
ҶһŮӣȻǣ
ŮߵҶǰȻ㸸׵ãҲĹùáҵһ桯
Ҷû˵ƽĶۣνʲôңһ鶼ûУͻȻðС̣Ҳûһ顣
Ҷı飬һĨӣ֪Լ壬Ҷûʲô飬⣬ϾС棬һǾǣˣҵѪ㸸׵ѪԶҲ޷ıʵ
ң
һּҼͻȻĸң
תͷһּҼ㻹ʣˡ
ּҼ˫΢У¾˭
ûлش𣬶תͷҶһҶ漴΢΢˵ͷѵãѵãû뵽澹Ȼܹﵽ̶ֳȣȻǼ࣬Ѿǳˡ
ҶһȥμǸʲôȵģ
ȻЩӦûȥҪ
ҶҡҡͷûʲôȤ֪ҵ귢ʲôҲ֪ԼδǸΪʲôţЩ֪Ҳȥܡ
һ仰ȥ
ҶĻɫһ䣬ôû־
Ҷҡҡͷǿ뿿ңǿʮҸҿҲס𣿡
ҶĻɫ࣬Ҷļ򣬡̬ܺáֻǣҪףЩǱȥҪң벻УҲˡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Ҳ֪㣬£㲻ңĿԹƽڣ֪ĴڡЩ˵ֻˣǲܷġ
Ҷüͷһ壬Ҫ˵ʱһԵּҼͻȻµļҳ˵𣿡
תͷһּҼȻʱ䵽ˡ
ּҼ˵ͷҺ֪Ҫôһϵּʧ
ʱʵĿռͻȻܿ죬ʮϽɫףͷߵ߳ǿ֮Уһ̣ʮֱӳǰ
ʮ˶湧һȻ˵
ʮʱɫˡرּҼʱּҼɫޱȵѿЩ԰ס
ڤǿɫޱˡ
ǿߣСͻȻ
ǿߣ
СԣҶԽֻؾǿߣ
С˵ͷ
ҶһڤˣȻǶǿߣ
Ȼǣ
СҡҡͷǶֻֻؾһֻؾ˵벽ȽϺʡ˵츳У棬޷ǿߣΨָ߼磬ܸǿߣ
˵⣬һԵ棬Ը߼棡
濴һС죬Ȼ֮һ֮Щ⣡
һ֮Ҷʣʲô˼
һС죬Ȼӳ֣ʱǿ߶κβ磬൱޵еġܹĸԸ׳Լ֮ҵһμҪ֪ڷԼʱ˵ǻ˵ģܹĸԸ׳Լܵġ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵСƬȷʵǳܻӭ
ң
ʱһԵڤͻȻǴ˵кųƷӼң
תͷڤ֪ң
ϣڤֶʱĬãҲֻ֪ںܾǰʦ˵ǡ˵֪ӦطԶǡ
תͷһҶˣ˴صΪ
ڤһҶȻˡ£ڤðң֮£ڤʹգԺڤڶϵ֡
ڤĻڤЩǿɫһ䣬иǲ⣬Ȼǲҵ
濴һڤҲ򵥣ȻǿߣʵѾԽһЩǿߡ
ڤû˵
߰ɣס֮ǰ˵Ļ
ڤһ棬Ȼһڤ뿪ϵ
һԣСһĨʣȴûгˡΪϵܹڤЩǿߣǣϵ϶ҲḶʹĴۡ
ʤûκ壡
¡
ʱһԵּҼͻȻһϵ
ʱͻȻʮˣȥҵϵȻּҴʧ
ʮ˵˵ͷһֱ̣ʧԭء
ĻּҼɫ˲µҪƴһ
һ
ǷһĨּʲôҲһҸ㣬ߣ͸
£һӣֱʧԭأٴγʱѾּҵһȺֻؾǿС
ɱ
ɱ
ȻЩǿ߶ֻؾǣЩֻؾǿǰûл֮
һĻּҼг˾֮ɫ֮ǰԼּνһս֮һĻˡ
ּңһ
ּҼתͷ棬£һּˣ¸ּ̧֣һ
˵ţһ

Ȼˣ
ǣ˿ּҼûѡսôվЩֻؾǿ߸ǿߵĶ֣ңҪǣǿѾǰּҡ
ǿߵּҺּһʲô³
ģ
ֻģ
濴ûּҼǿҶһΣ
ҶּҼʱּҼ֮ɫҶջĿ⣬Ȼ˿ԼеСףĬһ˲ֿԶּҼСҪУ³ôҪУ³ֻô
ּҼ˵ʱҶͻȻȻǵˣ͸նɱ


1595 û繷
Źּң
Դż˲ŻȥŹּҡ˵ʣСҪּңּһŹ𣿴ǿ϶ᡣּּ壬ǿͻһҡβǣҪ
ԵʴȣǶԼ̣
ߣּҸҴС׵⣬̵ģ
ҶĻһĨͣҶļ򣬡ãܺãж͸ر
Ҷ
ʱһԵּҼͻȻһȥ
ҶĻʱ֪ҶŹּңѾܡˣѡܡ
ּҼӣǷһĨЦһֱ̣ʧԭأܿ죬ͻȻһǿǾһ
ϢصҶǰ
ˣҶʡ
üëһȻأ
Ҷ΢飬Լ˹ùãе
ʱ֮ǰȥϽɫ׵ͻȻԣ˶΢΢һȻ󹧾˵
Ѫ
ʱͻȻֵҶǰѪΪѪһƬ˵⣬üͻȻͫ΢ôܣѪȻѹˣ
Ļʮ˶ʱ뿴Ҷţ
ѹҵķħѪ
ôܣ
濴ҶãͻȻץסҶļһȻҶֱʧԭء
һ֪ɽ֮ϡ
ҶǼϣ𣿡
ԣҶƤһԷ֪ԷΪʲô֪
Ĭһ˲Ҷô֪
Ȼ
˫ۻϣã۾ֱҶ֪㸸Ϊλᱻ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ΪǼǼû֪ʲôǼǸʱǿ߾涼Ǽ㸸׵У
ȻأҶʡ
ȻͻȻʧĸɸɾΪһˡ޷ۼ޷ƿǼһűһϲġ
˵⣬Ҷ֪ҵһš˵㸸׵겻£Ҿ֮ڣЩ˸Ҳ

Ҷ˫΢У¿϶Ǻɵģ͸һ
ʱֵңһﵱӡʵǸģǣ̫ӵˡΪ˲ŭԣԶ彫ˡ
Ҷûʵ͸λҸǾú
ƨ
ͻȻ־סҶǰ·ŭ֪Ҷʮ磬磬ǧС磬߳ɶ㸸һִģЩ㸸׵ģҲģԣҪңԭӦĶ
˵ɿҶ·ȴݺݵһҶ
Ҷҡҡͷλ㡭
㲻밤ĻǽйùãͻȻ
Ҷһ飬룬ȻǸҸ˾ãһ뽭ɽǸʲôϵģǣҲûϵϾЩҴġҡ
㲻ң𣿡ͻȻ
Ҷæ˵ͷȷʵҡ˵ģȨûһҾһУʵǲСңԼҲʺȥһ塣
Цһɣ
Ҷʲô˼
֪жҪ
ҶüͷΪʲô
Ϊʲô
Ц㸸׵ΪˣҲ֪жҪ֪Ϊһ˺ûΪû˸Ҷ㸸״ɽЩˣЩˣǴӹ㸸ף˵㸸׾Ҫ췴Щ˶ԥĸ
ҶЩЩӵң
㻹̫
㸸׵µЩɽڴ󲿷ֶѾǼֵУЩ˻Щ³㸸һһˣǻ㣬Ͼ˭кޡǣҶһˡңȻһš£ôܷţ
Ҷüͷʱֵû´ڿѾҪˡ
Ҷ棬ĲСȻԺ϶ȥϵϾӦߣҪС߻ϵģǣǲȥҡ
һУⱲӶ밲ˡ
濴ҶãȻ˵ͷãҲǿ㡣
Ҷ΢΢һô˵ˣ
ʱͻȻҶϵСף濴СգգۣȻæסҶĲӡȻĪ棬С׻Щµġ

ҶϵҲ
̧ͷʣܴܴƬУܳһһЩͬϵ뷽ʽҲ඼ͬǣ;ͬ顣˵ţҶҵ˼𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ʲôֱӵɡ
֣Ȼ󻺻սĸһзʽ׷Ķ׷Ķǻš
Ҷ˵ͷȻҪԡǿΪ磬û˲繷
ʱͻȻȻ㲻ȥҾˡ
˵꣬ҲҶ˵תʧԭء
ô˵
Ҷ㶣û뵽Լ˹ùþȻô˵ˡ
ԭأҶĬãȻҡҡͷ뿪ԭء
Ҷص鹬ӣ½ָƽùҲ뿪½ҶûмԷӰ
ͻȻ½ǿ֮С
𣿡ʡ
ұ۵˵ͷǣ
΢΢ͷ߰ɣ
£ͬʱʧԭء
鹬
ԭСˣҶͻȻɫһ䣬һֱ̣ӳ鹬ϷͬʱСҲԡ
ǰ֮ǰˡ
СҶɫޱȣΪ˶ǿߡ
ʱߵͻȻȻǷħѪҶɡ
Ҷ˫΢Уҵģ
أ˷ʡ
ҶĬһ˲ȻҶҵǸʲô֮λûʲô뷨Ҳûҡԡ
Ǻǣ
ʱߵͻȻЦЦȻЩûϵֻ֪нնҪԣ㣬ǸãǸŮ֮йϵˣ


1596 ȥɱˣ
Ҷˣ˲ңҲˣ˭ңһŪ
㣿
ǷһĨ˵϶磬֮˷ɱ㣬ĳЩ˵һЩˡ
£ͻȻҶһץɲǼ䣬ҶڵλõĿռʱһ̣Ҷ˶ʼŤ
Ҷд󺧣ΪʱûУ
˿̣ǿߵĿֲǿߣܹġ
ʱͻȻоԼΧĿռһţСǰȻһļϡ
أ
ҶʱСƳһƬռ䣬ʱСڵƬռͻȻ
ɲǼ䣬Ƭһ̶
Ҷ˴ǴĿռ䣬ܿ죬ĿռָСҲԭλãȻҶɫȴǱˡΪʱС徹ȻڽãңҶоڵѸʧš
ҶСǰ彥͸С죬㣬㣬㲻֮ӳ㣬㣬㲻޵е㡭
С¶һ԰׵Цݣ֮ǰչһ֮Ҫһʱܸٴ֮ġû֮ӳ֣һûء
ΪʲôҪôҶ
СһЦΪѽ
֮꣡
ʱԶͻȻ֮ò˿϶ϲ
£ֳǰһ̽ȻһգɲǼ䣬СʱһţСĻǶʱһ˺˵С
ˣ
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţһ·𣬽ٶȼ죬գۼǺ˵ǰ
ǷһĨ֮
䣬һӣҶǵʱʧӰ٣ͷ·δֹһ㡣
ʱһɿֲϢͻȻҶڱӿܿ죬Ҷȫ³һ㱡Ľ⣬ͬʱҶͷϵĽӡһҲѩ
˫⾳֮
һ̣ҶֱʧԭأҶʧһ̣һڳһ
һֻأ
һǺһĨ죬⽣ϧϣ
£ֳǰ͵һĳ
أ
ǰǧڵĿռֱӱˣһڵĿռڶ֮вϽɱš
䣡
ڵĿռڶ֮Уϴһ뽣ԼϢڵĿռڶ֮нƽܿ죬һƬռڴ˿ҲָʱҶѾ֮⡣
ʱҶѾȫѿ·ǧһ㣬ȫһѪˣʵЩֲ
̫ˣ
ǿ֮ף֮Ĳֲܹ࣬ģ
·Ҷ̧ͷǺˣ׼ȷ˵ǿǺ˵֣棬СĻǡ

ʱͻȻһŭţħ޳˳УħĿֱǺϣһ̣һԾǺ˳˹ȥ
ٶȼ죡
Ȼһ̡
أ
ħֱӱǺһƺ䵽֮⣡
ѹ
ǷһĨ͵磬͵ϣ˵ţ·Ҷһһ㸸׵ʱǿ߶ÿվ㲻ûмħѪܹﵽ̶ֳȣҲһУһ
䣬ֳҶλһ̽Ȼֽգһգ·ضס·ʮڵĿռֱӹѿҶֱŤ·Ҫһ㣡
ҶһĨֽգҪʩչȭʱһֻͻȻڳһʱҶվλֱӱ𣬶ҶȴѾǧ֮⡣
Ҷԣ棡
ĿΪ׵ĺϣû뵽ֵˡ϶ģǸŮˣ
Ǻ˿һ棬Ҳû뵽ͳ쾹ȻֶȻСԣЩ˻Ĵ밡ֻǣͳ죬ֶܹС㻹жү⣿˵СүүҲֶܹȵģ𣿡
Ͳˣ浭
΢΢ͷȻȻͳ棬ֵܶôҲҪͳӣˡ
˵꣬ҪߣʱҶͻȻСĻǡ˵꣬νһն
ǺһӣһâһҶǵֱӱǵâ顣
ǷһĨˡֱԣүСЬ䣡
˵꣬һֱʧԭء
ҶһĨһ˻һѪâʱңʱȴǰסҪߣʮǿ߶ס
ÿҶ棬ѪһƬ
ҡҡͷʱҶͻȻνһնһ˲ǰ治ɫֽճȭȻһȭ
䣡
ҶǵȻѡ
ҶҪ֣ʱȴͻȻǰȻһְֻļϣȥٷ֮ٻѵô죿ô죿ô죿Ůô죿
ĻҶ΢΢һģָ
úҶ˫ۻ
濴һҶȻղˣһֵܣץĽɽһʯʮս֮һǲһǿߣ˵㣬ҵһ֣סǣ
˭ҪأҶͻȻۿ档
Σࡣ
㸸״µ磬󲿷ֶУ֮Ҫɱ㣬ǵЩͻȻͶ㣬Ͼ㸸׵ĺܵġ
Σ࣡
Ҷ˫ֻ
𣿡ʱͻȻ
Ҷ棬ҹʲô
û֣ѵܾͲ
ҶͻȻҡҡͷֲǷҶʲôʸ㣿ֻԼԼ̫ԼС죬Լܣ

̫
Ҷʱʵ뷨˵ǧңڤ֮ǰǸּҶҶܹġҾ͸˵ˣ˼һ˶ܹģ
濴һҶû˵
ʱҶͻȻߣҸҡ
ԣһϲֻҪ㵱ӣܹʮ·սС
ҶҡҡͷҲǻȥ֮λ
㣿治⡣
ҶһĨǻȥɱˣ
棺


1597 ߣ
ҶûȥңûȥҵЩȻҵȴǲŹ
ܶʱ㲻£²㡣
һεõ֪ǸˡȻܶǾͻȥһ׵˽ᡣǰһĶԹһεĶԹͳͳһ˽ᣡ
û뵽֮ȻԼ㣡ʱһԵͻȻӡУ֮඼Ƿǳӵģδܹ֮Ϊѵˡ
С죡
Ҷ˫ֻʣģ峺Һ۽ǻ˳˵ҴܵģΪʲôҪأΪʲôءһֱ˵ǱԼҲһ󱿵
֮ӳ֣Ȼܹȴ޷ɱǣ֮ǰѾȡ֮峬֮ûʱˣ޷ȡ֮
ʱҶͻȻתͷиôҪ˵Ѫ
ҶǣҲˣ
ҶߵǰУȫһ𶼲һͷУиôҶһӶԭԼ
䣬Ҷתʧԭء
Ҷߺһ˳ԣͳ죬ѪδΪ˷ħ
Ĭһ˲ȻǰľйأӷǳƫӦ˵ǷǳˣԸ񣬱ȷħ°
˳ҪѪܵѪӰ졭
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ĬãˣѪ˶һַħ״̬ǣҶȥѹַħ״̬Ͼ˭뱻һѪơȥѹơ
ʵǺ£ʱͻȻ
濴ˣ˵ãһܹЩүСȥ֮λ𣿡
Ĭһ˲Ȼ㻹ǲĲ֮λѣڣУǵˣУҲҡҪǿЩϣͻףײϣ
˵⣬ͷ·µǣûпҵԴѪ֮ʹﵽĳɾ͡
˵УһĨǳ
鹬С
ʱ鹬ڴ֮УЩСףԼ٣ħޡ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾ֪С顣
ĬúҶһȻģұ֤
С׵˵ͷȻ˻ԼСצӣʾԸҶһ
ٵһȥ
ҲȥħҲ
еЩҲ׷ױʾҪҶһȥ
ҶҡҡͷǶ
Ϊʲôüëһʵ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ٣ħǰǶ뿪½½˭ػСô½һϣ½飬ԣػ½˵飬Ϳˡ
С죬ζҪҵˡħȻʵǿ󣬵Ƕңǲ̫̫ˡԣȥðա˵飬Լͺˣ
ңҲ֮˽£
ٳĬһ˲Ȼһȥ
Ҷ٣СڲڣҲڣһ½ô죿һ½ҪССǲô죿ԣħǰΪСػ½𣿡
ٳĬãȻ˵ͷͻȻҶһҪȻ𣿡
ҶߵǰȻٵԴұ֤ҲҪ
΢΢ͷСЩ
Ҷ˵ͷȻһԶħޣħǰ½ͽˡ
˵꣬ҶСʧԭء
СȻ𣿡ͻȻ
ħ޳ĬãȻȲҲһС챨𣡡

뿪鹬Ҷص
Ҫ뿪ϵȻҪ鶼ò뿪
ʱѾ൱ھǽ˵ˡ൱ڣڣǽ˵ĵ̡Ϊʱ˵Ѿ鲼½Ȼ½Ҳ½½޲Խհ
֮УʫϦ»ԼСѩڵС
Ҫңʫü
Ҷ˵ͷģҲһȥصġУҵļҡ
ʫѩСҪȥ𣿡
ҶһѩСȻҡҡͷһΣǻȥڣңҲûϿǣѩСȥֻȡ衣
ʫ΢΢ͷԼСģ
ҶʫϦµ֣ȻҵӣǲǺۣ
ʫ΢΢ҡͷû˵
Ϧ̾һеۣһһ굽ͷƮҲ֪ʲôʱǸͷ
Ҷ˱ʫϦ£ȻǸ

Ϧ°һҶһˣʲôǸңҲΪ㣬ǲܸƽӡڱ˵½ϵ˭֪Ҷ˭ҸǽӣŮˣҲй⣡
ҶЦЦû˵ֻǽӵŮ
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Ʒ塣
Ҫȥ𣿡ҶǰŮʡ
Ҷҡҡͷȥˣô죿ڼҵң𣿡
ŮĬһ˲Ȼ˵ͷҵ㣡
ҶŮӵ뻳УŵŮδȻңһŻġÿһȥģЩŮˡ
Ů΢΢ͷû˵
ɽ֮ϣ˽ӵ
Ҷûʱ뿪һ뿪ģ档
ǿ֮С
Ҫȥϵʡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ֪ϵ𣿡Ҳϵġ
ҡҡͷ
Ҷüͷһ壬ܰôûң
Һ˲𣿡淴ʡ
Ҷ˵Ŷʮ磬ǧ硣
˵ͷˡ˵ңӦϵǧ֮С
ǧ棿Ҷüͷһ壬ʲô˼
ںܾúܾǰϵʵСģʱϵǿߣЩ˳ɳ󣬽ϵϵж󣬿ûϵĺܴ֮ǾСǧ棬ǧ棬дǧ档˵ңӦǧ棬ңǶˣڴǧ档
ԭ
Ҷ˵ͷ뵽ʲô棬ʣǵ
ң
ЦһҲ֪ǸǸʲôҸ㣬ǱˣҪǸʲôңֻҪһ仰Ϳˡ
Ҷ
ʱֵʵûпɱԣΪˣϵϵ֮һ


1598 ߣ
ϵߣ
Ҷ𣿡
ҡҡͷǵзʽƬ磬ϵǧЩ˶һһзʽ;ͬ飬׷Ķ׷Ķǳ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻ棬һҪϵҪǸǧ棬Ǹһȥǧ棿
ǧ棡شû˿ԥ
ҶΪʲô
زȥǧ棡
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ʵϵһҪСǧ浽ǧ棬Ҫ٣ͬģǧ浽ǧ棬ҲҪ١٣ɲЩ٣٣ĺֲܿ˵ڵң۷ʱڵңûʮİտ
ϵҲҶʡ
Ȼ
ÿ綼ֻǿˡǸС죬ʵڣңûγԼĵȻҪ֮
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷˡҪȥϵǧ棬Ҳãȱ֡ʵǷǳǿģرʵδ׻ָһʵ׻ָһǿ߿϶Ķֵġ
˵ͷȻҽǸɡһָٶȻܶࡣ
Ҷ棬ǰǲȥ𣿡
ǿ̫࣬رҪȥϵǸطԻұҪָȫʵȻָҪ˼ҸŪˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷڵʵȥңȷʵΣա
СӣҲǣڵʵ̫ЩŬǿɣ
˵꣬һֱӽ˺ڡ
ǿ
Ҷ˫ֻȷʵҪǿˡ˵ңڤ֮ǰǸּңܹġڵʵң˵ȥС죬ԼСȥ
ԭأĬãҶڣ˵С
ֻˣֱϦ밲Ͼ
ʱϾڵأͷһɫСڲš
У
İϾûȫյĴУˣϾڽ󣬾ͿʼרĴС˵ϾյĴкʵõһʵķԾ
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ҶûдŮ뿪˺뿪ʱǰԶĿռͻȻһ̣ǰ
ߣʡ
ҶҡҡͷһҪȥһط
ʡ
Ҷ̧ͷʣڤ
ڤλڤϵڤϵڤĵ̣ڤʧڤϵʼķѣµĵֺڤϵѾһͳ
һҶڤϵ
ڤϵҶڤΪҪȥϵˡΪڤϵ̫ϡˣϵĲһ㣬˵꣬ڤϵͻ᳹׿ݽߣȻΪһƬŵ档
ڤ
Ҷһڤڤɲ½Ǹڤڤڤǽڸߴɵɽ֮ϡ
ɣ
ǳɣ
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Ҷͷ֪ͨ¹˵Ҷǰݷá
˳Ĭһ˲ȻԵȣ˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
˲ʮϢٴγҶǰ
˵꣬תһӰʧԶ
Ҷҽһ壬һȥ
ܿ죬Ҷźһǰһơ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻ˴֮Сܴ󣬵Ǵ˿ڴȴֻһˣڤ
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£ڤͻȻڡ
ҶҪңǣƵϣڤҡ
һ޴ˣһȥҶϣҪһ˵֧֣ΨˣܹǸλԿ
֮⣬ҪԮ֪ÿһӵܶԼЩ֮λ
Ϊҳ֮λЩӵ⣬ǲ֮ܲλġΪȷƽԣҲΪ˷ֹڲѡ
ȻҵЩ˻ǻվӵģֻǲ
֮֮ܶλӵܣֻܿԼԼԮҲʵһ֡
һҶڤϣܹڤǲ£̫ۣңҪĿǾС죬ڤϣܶܶࡣ
УĬһ˲ڤͻȻƾʲô
Ҷ㲻ڤ߼ڣһᣬǾңǿͨң߼档
Ҳпͨ㣬ڤʧ𣿡
ڤҶҵʵҶڤȻǱ˵ԶԶ硣֮Ӯ˻ãǣҪأһЩҵĻλ֮˵Щӣмк³ģҶˣӮλӣŹ𣿻Źڤ𣿡
ҶֱڤҪӮأΪӣڤǿֱӽϵȫᵽϵʱټҵİڤ˶ﵽǿߣ𣿡
ƾʲôӮڤʡ
ƾʲôҲӮҶҶʡ
ڤǰһҪ˵ңҪ˵Լף
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼ˵ʲôҪҪŲң𣿡
ʵӦ˵ȫڤӦö֪ˣ˵ʲôûãҪ˼Ųţʲô˵ڤѡ˼в֮λô֤Լ塣
֮гĬ
һӺڤ죡
ԣҶڤĬƬ̺죡
˵꣬Ҷת뿪ڤ
ҶߺͻȻڤԣҶȥķ򣬵ģ
ڤҡҡͷȻ츳֮УӦòġ
ˣ
˵ͷԣһζڤ˵һһ߼ĻֵǶһġ
ڤ˵ͷȷʵֵǶģ֮ԴӦΪΪˣ飬ֻҪڤȸڤ
ȷʵ
£ڤ֮ǲõˣС
ȥ׼һ°ɣڤ
΢΢ͷҪȥʱ뵽ʲôȻһã֪
˵ڤ
˾ĵȥˣʡ˾ĵȻڤǰε
ڤĬƬ̣ȻȥѰһˡ
˭
һ۵ߣ



1599 飡
ߣ
ǵɱ޼ߣ
ڤ˵ͷʦʵΧʮ֮УѾ޵֣˵ʱѾﵽһޣǸʱãˡΪ֪֮·ôˣֱߡ
ǽˣ
ڤ΢΢ͷ
˾ĵˣʡ
ˣ
ڤܵĺܳףʦģֻ˼һƷǷ
ͫ΢ǰ֪ߵǿ󣬵ǣû뵽ǵѾǿ̶ֳȡڤǰεΧʮ֮У˵ǿģ
ܸǸߣõ߻һƷ
ʱڤֵʦ˵˵Ǹߵ߸⡣ԣȥ׷Ѱµˡ
ȥƬˣʡ
ڤ̧ͷʣĬãȻϵ
һ̣ڤΪʲôôϴӦҶˡ

Ҷ뿪ѪŮǳǰ
ҶǲҪ뿪ڤ𣿡
ѪŮҪ뿪ģڲˡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ѪŮҡҡͷ㵽ʱ֪ˡ㣬ǴģҸ˵С飬ܱǸ
Ů
ҶĬ
ʱѪŮֵʵ𣬲ǲδѵڣѾѡǰļ嵭һļ䣬ԣĸܵӦøоó㻹иģֻǡ
Ҷ˵ͷףҲ𣬶𣿡
ѪŮ΢΢ͷ
ҶתһֱС
ѪŮĬ
ʱҶͻȻҩ𣿡
ѪŮ˵ͷһܰȫĵط㲻õ
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼҡ
˵꣬ͣתʧԭء
ҶʧһŮӱǳ˳УŮŮ
㡭ѪŮŮ
Ůû˵ֻǿҶʧĵطģĿЩ͡˿̣뵽ߴ½һĻĻرǵ֮۽ʱҶǰһĻ

Ҷ뿪ڤϵǳǰ㵽ܹͣڤ
Ҷ˵ڤ㲻ʲô𣿡
΢΢ҡͷȻ޷ȣǣҲʸЩӵܽԮ⡣ûʱңǹ¼ҹˣ֮λ϶ǲеġ
Ǹ׵ãҶͻȻʡ
Ȼ
Ϊôʡ
Ҷҡҡͷûʲô߰ɣȥҡ
濴һҶȻ˵ͷ߰ɣ˵ţץסҶļһ̣Ҷֱʧԭء
һӺҶһǿ֮УǰһƴȻȻͷ⣬ɣȫܲ͸磬е졣
󣡡
ҶԣһַйߣϵڹԶҪϵҪʮʱ䡣ʹⶫҲǻ˽²ŵ
Ҷתͷ棬ϵôԶ
˵ͷǳԶһΣա
Ҷüͷ΢壬˵ҲΣգ
̧ͷǿãã棬δ֪δ֪ǿߺࣿЩδ֪δ֪ǿߣڶռ֮ʹǿߣããǰҲǷǳСġ
棡
Ҷ̧ͷǿ߾ͷȻ޾ǳò˵˵ûȣĺС
ʱ߰ɡ֮º̣պü
ҶĬһ˲ȻһҪȥһطһطҴӦ˵ġ
ʡ
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ϵǵС˵ϼҡҪȥϵΪʶеǸӡӦǸˣҪӡԷġ
ˣȻԶš
˵ͷ߰ɣ
˵ţץסҶȻֱӽҶ
һӣɲǼ䣬һһֱ̣ʧԭλá
죡
ǳ죡
ǴʱҶĸоٶȣֱǵƽȣܱȣ˵ƽǿߵٶȶ޷ٶȣ
һӺͻȻͣ
ָԶǰϵʱ䣬˰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷˡ
˵ֱ꣬ӻһʧԶǿ֮С
ҶʧһͻȻԣȻʵǣǼλүȣǲࡣ
˵⣬˶˶٣Ȼֵͳȥȥ֮λϣͨټЩ£Ȼ󡭡
ʱͻȻתͷ俴һۿˡ
ɫһ䣬æͷ
ú飡
Ůɵͷһش

ҶϵĴһ£ܿ죬µ۹Ϣ
ϵ½һ½´½µ۹´½֮ϣµ۹´½ǿһ
ܿ죬Ҷµ۹Ķǣ³ǡ
³ȻȲڤôɣҲٱҪࡣ
Ҷû˷ʱ䣬ֱµ۹Ļʹǰյʹǰһɫ׵ǳǰȵʹصأ˵ȥ
Ҷ˱ȭ֪ͨʵۣ˵ϵҶǰݷá
һҶȻ򣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
ԥ£ȻԵȣ
˵꣬תʧԭء
˲ʮϢֳҶǰȻ룡
Ҷ˵ͷܿ죬һǰŹһƣȻȥ
ҶɨһܣȻ˴֮Уڣֻһ۵ӡ
ֻؾǿߣ
ǺˣͻȻڡ
Ҷ΢΢һܿ죬öӡУöӡʱɫʱ䣬ôС
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ҾͲ˵ˡǰ֮С˵ָ꣬һöӡֱӵǰȻֵˡ
˵꣬תҪߣʱͻȻš
Ҷͣ½ŲȻллͲˣҡ
ʱͻȻҶǰ
ȫֻؾ
Ҷ˫΢Уתӣʲô˼
ֱҶӡ֮еĹɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵ
˫۶ʱǸҹ⴫
ԣҶʡ
ӵԣ


1600 ںϣ
ӵĻҶɫʱתͷӣȻǧͶȴҪɱңôǲе㲻ص
ӵǴȫʬô
ʱҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾӵǰţҶνһն
նν
ҶΧĿռֱӹѿ
ɫ΢䣬û뵽Ҷֱӳ֣û뵽ҶʵȻ˵ǿ
Ҵ⣬תȻ˫ֽճȭǰһȭ
ȭɫС˫ֶ֮ȻǰҶݺײ˹ȥ
䣡
һʹֱӻΪҽڴΪҽһ̣ӱҶһسˣҶû֣ͣ˫΢գһֱ̣ӻһʧԭء
һֻأ
˵˼ȭ⣬һֻǿ֮ʩչһֻأΪ˷ʱ䣬ɲԷս켸ҹ
Ҷʧһ̣ͫʱһڣǾ֮ɫӦǵֱӴüһ
ʧҶʮɴ
һ˲üͻȻһѪģѪԽԽ࣬󣬼ֱȪһ㡣
һԭҶļֻؾǿȫͣڼУš
ԽսǲûûмԽɵģһɱһֻؾԽѾе㲻ˡ
ԶҶһУϵӡʱɵС
ʱǿ˷ҶλΧ˹Ϣʱ䣬ҶѾΧ
Ҷɨһܣޱ顣
ʱһ˳֮ǰмơӴһҶȻΪµ۹ΪҪɱһ壡
ҶҡҡͷҪɱҪɱҡ
ӳĬãȻֵǸΪµ۹
Ҷ΢΢һöӡʱУ

öӡɫʱһ䣬¼һүү
ҶҲ֪˭ֻУǡˣ˵Ҿʵ۲еĻͰɱˣȻ¸ǻһ˵ţָָһԵѾΪʬӣҾܲС
У֪ʲô
ĬãͻȻǸµ۹ʧˡ
ҶãȻָһöӡʱӵǰȻתȥ
㶣Ȼȵȡ
Ҷͣ½Ųתӣô
ӵöµ۹Ҫ½ͻµ۹µ۹˵һĶ飬֣µ۹ա
ʱҶͻȻ˰֣֮У֮¶ѡ˵꣬ҽһ壬ֱӻһʧʾͷ
ӿãȻҡҡͷϧˡ
ϧʲôԵһʡ
ӵϧһύǿߵĻᡣ˵⣬ͻȻҡͷһЦǺǣǻӢһȴû뵽һηˡ
ҡҡͷȻ֪˵ʵ϶ôģϧ
ӵǽޣ֮ǰʩչֽһֲҹǿϧһ̫ԸȻ˵»ʳܹύһλǿߣ
Ե˵Ҳһ£ͻȻ
΢ƣȻ

Ҷ뿪ϵǳǰˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ߰ɡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻһӣֱҶϡ
ܴҲжķ䣬ʮǿ߲ûдڷܡ
Ҷ뷿󣬾ֱӽ˺ڡս϶ǳǰָܹκ϶ǺҶǰָˡΪҶǽСӡ
϶һ֣һ׹ȻСҲҶǰ
һΣҶûнСϵС׿϶Ҳɵġһθ϶СףлڽܴеİϾϦԼǽڵ档
ĽɫϵȻǿߣȴһֻؾǿǿ̫࣬ˣϵŮˡ
ҶС׵ԴȻ϶ȥɡ
϶֪Ҷ£µ˵ͷȻСʧԶ
Ҷ˵㣬ʱϾڽܴСʵ׼ȷ˵ںϣ뵽Լ֮Сһ߰ˣȥѧϰ˵ĳǾȥΪڶ˭
Ҷһ۰ϾϦûдŮڵأ˫΢ա

֮ǰϱŮӵĲ࣬Ľûеõ򵥵˵û˼ҵĳȣĽе鸡
ƣ
ҪľҳԼ֮еĲ㣬ȻơʵǰôˡǸʱ̫̫࣬ûʱ侲úóԼĽ
ڣҪ£ڣ൱꣬ʱ䣬˵㹻ˡ
淿УֻԼһˡ
ˡ˳
΢΢ҡͷڷڡ
ΪΣ˲⡣
ÿ˶ԼܣҲǡҪȥ̽ҲҪȥӸ߰ƫŭԴҶûкô
˵˵ͷ뵽ʲôֵС㣬λүԸҲûʲôǱʵãǣƫƫǱʵ˵û˵ȥ
浭ʱỵǵ£
ѵС㲻𣿡˵
תͷԶǸλãҶλáĬã𣿡

ڡ
ʱҶѾɮ붨һ㣬ѾȫԼĽǰ벽Ԫ˵ľһӽһص벽ԪĹ̡
ߵһʱδʲô⣬ڶʱͬûзʲô⡭ʱʼһЩˡڶʮʱԼȫ⣡
ʱ˿̣ΪʲôǶϱŮûýȴȻܹѹˡ
Ϊ˼УĽⶼ©
ˣʡԶ֪Լжô⡣
ڷҶʼ⣬ʵҪ⣬̫ѣϾڵĽѾǰ벽ԪҪľǹԼĽ⣬ԼĽʵ
̣㻨һʱ䣡
һĳһ̣ڵϵҶͻȻ۾ɲǼ䣬һɿֲĽӿ˳ܿ죬ǹ⾳ڡ
Ԫ⣡
ǹɽⲢǰ벽ԪǹԪ
ʱҶͻȻֱ۾ͬʱͻȻѪߵͷҲѪһƬұߵȴǷǳ
ںϣ
˿Ҫľǽ⾳ںϣ


1601 ɱ¾⣡
ں⾳
ں⾳Ҳһʱ⾳ܹںϣ϶õһʵɱ䡣
ǰͽɱ뽣ںϹǣɱǿһЩǽǿһЩ⾳Ǹ޷ںϵġˣ˺棬⾳ͷ˿
ڣɱǹԪҲǹԪ⾳ͬպÿںϣ
ں⾳ҲǼ򵥵飬Ӧ˵ΣգһŪãܾͻὫԼŪһ׳աã˵ôѣΪǰٽ罣⣬ˣ⾳ƿطǳ
ȻˣǲҴ⡣
ڣҶں⾳üͷȴǽΪҶѾһûгֹˡ
һҶķ䣬տҲȷҶڷڡȣҶûߣΣڷУ˵Ҷһǿ߶ʱ
Ϊٶ̫̫죬ʱȥһǿ߶ܱʵķ顣
ߣҶҶʮһǿǰϢľߣ
ԣ֪Ҷ϶ڷڡ
Ҫȥ𣿡ͻȻ
Ĭһ˲Ȼҡҡͷȵȿɣ
˵˵ͷȻȥ
濴Ҷķ䣬üɽȻ֪ҶڷڣȴӦǺܲģΪʵǸ߳Ҷ̫̫ġ
Ҷãͦصġ
ʱһһȥתһ¹ȥ˵Ѿȥһꡣ
һΣ涼Щ̲סˡҪҶʱҶͻȻ˿ţҶ˳
濴ҶãȻϢǿˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǿˡں⾳ںϳΪɱ¾⣬ľһһȹ봸ȻȻǱ֮ǰǿ˲֪ٱ
һΣףǿսԼǲģҲҪʱԼˣҲҪʱԼľ
֮ʱ䣬ջĲǽʵණ
ҶĻ΢΢ͷȻʵǺ¡˵ţתȥɡ
ҶһۣȻȥ
Ҷǰ棬ܣһ㱡ĹĻڹĻ⣬Զǿա˿̣޾ǿ֮д
кθ룿
Ҷһããǳ󺣣Ȼܴ󣡡
˵ͷܴҲС
ʲô˼Ҷ档
ãã棬࣬б壬Щ඼УҪʲôҪҪǿҪĸãҪ࣬ҲˡǣӦ֪޾ġ
˵⣬˶٣ֵڸĵ磬Ҳݽߵһ졣֪ΪʲôҪȥĴսΪҪ磬ҪΨˣܹˣǿߣ
˵ʲôҶ
飬Ϊ岻Щӵܲһ㣬Ͳһһĳǿߣûô೬ǿߣôҿѾʧˡ
ҶҡҡͷԭҶûи飬ǣҲңڡʵ΢˵ʲôݻֻ˵ôңҾôˡ
˵⣬Ҷ񽥽СĻǣиôңҲҪҼȮ
濴һҶû˵
ʵҶǺģΪҶûоѪûеõԴߵһǷǳѵõġǣҶԸȴЩǡ
ӵܣΪѪԵʣе裬ǣҶǷ裬ԣǱȷ軹¡ЩӵܣȻ裬¶ٶῼǴ֣ȻҶȴǲᡣ
ˣǣҲ¡ЩӵȻ裬ǵĿȴ֮λһ漰֮λǾͻĺȻҶȴû֮λУֻɱˣ
Ԫɱ⣡
˵ϵϵûмԪɱġһԪɱģȻԷȴǱɱŪЩ־壬ˣ˵Ԫɱ⣬ǹԪ֮Ҳûʲôá
ǣҶȴǷǳѣ˵ɱ⣬ɱ
ҶΪʲôܹÿζԽսľɱ뽣⣬ȻҶڲǿߵĶ֣ǣһﵽֻؾʱǿ߿ܾͲĶˡ
һѪ˵ǿߡ
뵽⣬ɫ
ʲô
ʱҶͻȻָԶʵ
Զһ޴ĺɫУǸɫֱ֮ӸסǵߡʵǸ۸ܹ֮Ϊӵа֮
Ǻɫ֮УܵŨİ
ջ˼ȻתͷԶԶʱɫʱ΢΢һ䣬ռڶ
ռڶҶתͷ档
˵ͷܹһеĿռڶʵҲһǴϵϵҪǿռڶ͹ģȻ˵£ʮ궼ϵ
Σգ𣿡Ҷ
Ȼ
һΣգǿжױɱ㲻õģǳ̣һз󷨣һʮһǿڼӹķԣ˵ǱȽϰȫġ
˵ţһӣΧЩĻʱͬʱʮǿҲܣʮ˵ļӳ£ΧЩֶʱӼˡ
ܿ죬˺ڶ֮УһڶʱҲ
ģһʱͳȥˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʱɫһ䣬Сģ
£ԶͻȻٶȼ죬ûбǵ˼
񽥽ǻǲģ
Ҷɫͳˮ˵϶ˡ
ΪٶȺܿ죬ʱҶ߾ܿܲˡ
Сĵ㣡
£Ҫ֣ʱԶٶͻȻӿ죬ͬʱʮͻȻҶ棬ţʮɿֲѹͬɽѹһ㳯Ҷѹȥ
ʱҶҲײϡ
䣡
һײ͵ըѿƬռڶһ̽ǾҲ·Ҫһ㡣
ʱҶѾһƬڶ֮Уɫһ䣬ţֱӱһǿһɫ֮С
ԶһĻɫ䣬
˵ţҪǸɫгȥʱһ˵ǰС㣬ɣڿѾ벻֪Ŀռ֮УڽȥѾ޼¡
תͷˣҲпѾǣ𣿡
˳Ĭ


1602 ֮ռ棡
ɫĿ£תͷԶԶˣȫ֣һصӳ֣ˣҲ޷˵ò
ֻҪɵӶ֪˵ݡ
үСô

Ϊ׵Цһͳ죬ʸҼСү𣿡
Ȼ£ΪΧɱ
ЦЦΪʲôɱͳԼѵ֪𣿷ͳ죬£Щ£ҼүСϾֻһ֮ӡˣҼСүҴ仰㣬ʱѾȥͳû飬ȻǺǡ
˵꣬Ц˼ȻԵļʧԭء
ǷһĨЦȻ֮ǰҶʧλá
ԣС㣬
濴ҶʧλãȻҵ
Сţ˵
ЦһǱˣұڶо붼Դˣ˰֮򣡡
֮
۾һڶɲ֪İɣ֮ˣ˵ڰȫģ
ʱ˵ز˾߰ɡ˵꣬תһʧԭء
ʧʱҲ֮ʧ

ʹ
ʹ
Ҷ֮ǰĸоǺڰʱһ˲оԼڱǧУȫҪһ㡣æʩչ˰֮򣬵ʩչ֮ʹĸо΢һЩ
޸һҶɨһܣʱܣһƬڣһصڲϽţ֪ʲôǺʣ϶ǰɵΪʩչ֮ǹȫûˡ
ԭͣһҶҪ뿪ͻȻһͷ׵ĳС
ܲյЩ
ԥһ£Ҷһ£ܿ죬תڵСУתСУڱͻȻӿһֺΧЩʱͬˮһ㳯ӿȥ
ܵһĻҶϲæڡ
Щպ󣬺ܿ죬һɹִӺҶڡǹʱҶʱסˡΪǺһɸӾİ
ɰΧЩپʮֹ
ЩҶں󣬱Ѹٱյĸɸɾܿ죬ྫİ
һգһתЩתȫҶա
ģҶƺɱš
ںڶ⿴Ļͻ֣ᷢʱҶڵڶС
ʱһһȥת۹ȥʮ졣
ʱҶǸڶ֮УԭڵǸڶȴѾʧǸڶУѾĸɸɾ
ĳһ̣ҶͻȻ˫ۣ۵һ̣ΧǸڶȻһȻʼתͬһ㡣ֵһ˵Ҷ˫۾Ȼɫ
һ˲ҶͻȻǰһ̽Ȼ͵һգɲǼ䣬ڵǸ޴ڶֱͼһһԭת
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼʼ̤һ̤һʱڶȻߵλ΢ƶһ£СС˰֮Ļ
һĻҶһ㶣Ȼһϲһʮɵľ룬ǺڶȻҲʮɵľ룬ĻΪǺڶ̫̫ˡ
ԭأҶ˿Լ壬ӱ岢ûзʲôı䣬ڵԭѾһ岻һ֮ԭѾһ
رǰ֮ԭڶ֮Уİֻ֮ڶ˺ڣİ֮Ѿܹڶڶжǿ϶һСС
˵ԭİ֮˿̵İ֮һǵأһ죡
һ㣬ǾǴ˿㲻ʩչ֮Ҳ£ȫЩһ֪϶Եʣ
ôǺ£Ӧ˵Ǵ£
ɱ䣬õȫһа밵ʵ˺֮õԿһа밵ʵĶڶ
һ㣬Ǿ˽ֵĻȫϢĽԷӰڣȻԷһԭİ֮ҲǣԴﵽߵȴûʲôˡ
ڣİ֮ѾڼԵʣ˵ҪϢɱһֻؾǿߣʲô¡˵ֻؾǿߣǿлһɱ
Ҫ֪ǻнġԣа֮򣬾ǿ߶ԷġȻǿȫ䱸ĻһɱԷġ
Ҫһ㣬ǾڿԿƺڶ
룬ڶϵ˵ûֹĻһڶϵҲǺڶյķΧڣϵڶɵܹݻڶȻ˭ܴݻڶ
϶ܹݻڶģǣ˾Ǻٵģǿ߿϶ǲܣҪ֪ڶʱɶСġ
뷨ǺõģʵȴǲпġȻܹƶڶȴƲԶƣڵʵƶҪ֪ڶǼ뾫ġ
Ҷջ˼ȻɨһܣҪҪӰŮ˵⣬뵽ʲôȻҡҡͷ
ӰŮҲڶڣȻöԷһԼİ֮򣬵Ǻܿ죬뷨Ϊԡܹ֮֮ıʣҪԭǺ
ЩȻתɸİգӶıİ֮򡣵ӰŮûкԣԷڶǲܵڶɣ
ҡҡͷҶɨһܣȻһʧԭء
ڶĺܴҶһ춼ûзɳڶ˵ڶ죬ŸоԼ˺ڶıԵ
ʱҶ뿪Ǹڶ뿪ǸڶΧҶͣȻɨһܣܵĳʱɫʱһΪƬǿѾ֮ǰڶʱһƬǿա
ģ
ԭأҶɨһȦͻȻߵǿܿ죬һǱ߼ȥΪǱߣܵϢ
ܿ죬ҶͣΪǰԶͻȻһӣڿӵǰһССġ֡
ֻؾǿߣ
Ҷ˱ȭʸ¡
ӴһҶȻ
ҶһȻֻʸ·¡
ȻǾɣ
£ֱӳҶǰȻһƳҶԴȥ


1603 ϵ
ò˵ʱҶЩµģΪû뵽ԷȻ˵İԵ
ֻʸ·Ѱ
ûж룬ΪǿӵѾͷԷû֣ǱԷУ˵㲻ҲòСڵûӳ֮£޷Ӳֻؾǿߵġ
ҶûýֽճȭȻһȭǿӵƺ˹ȥ
Ƽȭ
Ҷͬû֣
أ
ȭײһ˲Ӷʱɫ䣬š
ǲ
ֱӴһѪ׷˳ȥ֣˶ֱ׷˳ȥܿͣȻһһǹУǹ͵سǰһ̡
ӲǷǷأΪʱҶѾǰ
ǹϮҶɫ䣬ٴһȭ
䣡
гǹȻ飬ڳǹһ˲ȴֱɿǱǹȻһ⡣
Ҷûڼ֣һӣò˵Щˡղ䲻ֱӽԷˣԭΪԳ¶Էû뵽ԷڱʱŲңܹѸӦ
˵Բֻּؾǿߣսֻؾǿߣ
Զ˿һԼҼ˿ڣȻҶһ̣гء
ǺΡ
˵ʲô˵ʱɫʱ䣬Ҫ뿪ԭأȻʱѾˡΪҶ֪ʱѾͬʱֱӱҶָס
ֻҪҶԴͻ벱Ӱң
㡭
Ҷ˵ʲôͻȻɫһ䣬ȻֱʧԭأٴγʱѾɿ⡣
뿪ӵ󣬿ֱӱѿţһɿֲͼйһ㳯ɢɲǼ䣬Ƭǿһ̽ǾҲ·Ҫһ㣡
Ա
Ҷסӵһֱ̣ѡԱ
ֻؾǿߵԱǺεȵĿֲһƬǿ˽һӲƽ⻹Ҷֵ£Ȼһ춼ƽӦ˵һƬǿտܻᱻֱ
ԶҶ˫΢Удһ˿ɻֻʸ·ѣбҪô
ʱҶͻȻתͷԶԶĿռͻȻţɫ׵ӳҶǰԶǰߴһССġ֡
˽ֻؾǿߣ
ҶһۣȻҾãп϶ʲôᣬֻ·ѡ
ǿЦľÿ϶ʲôᡣ֮ǰǿͻȻ֣ĺܹܲﵽֻؾˣôûӵˣ
Է֣϶ʲôԭģֻ֪ԭ
ԶΪ׵һ˳һҶȻŵϢѪζҵˣ
ң
Ҷüͷ΢壬ͻȻĿǰǸССϣҲˣ
ҶĻʱΪ׵˫۶ʱ΢һҶȻλҶ㲻κһλλӵˣ
ҶɨһˣȻΣ
ҶĻʱһ㶣ȻʶһۣΪ׵Ŀӵιӣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ӳһ˲ȻЦԭιӵˣʧʧղŵȫᡣ˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ֪˵ء
Ҷ΢΢Ȼ
һۣȻĬ
ֵһ˵ǣֽǽ
Ҷһ˵ս֣Ȼɱڣ
ҶĻɫʱһ䣬Ĭһ˲ʶһۣͻȻнһĨ⣬һ̣ͬʱʧԭأٴγʱѾҶܣֱӽҶΧ
ͬʱɿֲϢֱѹҶϢѹ£ҶΧĿռֱŤеҶǾҪѷ飡
һĻҶһĨڵ߶ڵ߶֮Ѹӵȫţֽճȭһ̣͵سǰһ䣡
ȭ
ȭһɿֲҶȭͷ֮бƬǿʱɲǼ䡪
䣡
ԲڵĿռֱӱҶΪģڣֱӱһڵĴڶˣһƬռڵĿռڶ֮УȻڲϷţ
˲ʱвŽָƽ
ʱֻʣˣֱҶ֮ǰΪ׵Ŀӡڿǰһڶơ
ˣѾޡ
Ϊ׵ĿҶȭ
䣬ǰڶֱѣȻܽȥ
ǲǲ
ʱȫͻȻһͷһ㣬˷ͬʱǲһѪǣȫһ̶Ѫֻһ˲䣬ѾһѪˡ
ͻȻгһת˲ǵֱʧС
һԣҶһǷʧλãֲΪָҪ֣ʱ뵽ʲôָʱ˿
ԶǿѾʼãģԽԽãϢ䳹ʧ˳С
ڿʧһ̣ҶǶʱһĨѪˣɫһҲǲ԰
ȭ̫󣬼ʹ֮ӳ֣ҲԼԦղһȭȻɱֻؾǿߣʵȭ߳ɵûӳ
ǲ뷢ӳ޷ӳ߳ɵѾļޡ
ҶĨĨǵѪȻ취ˡ
ڵȻҲǶֻؾǿ˵Ѿȫ˵ûˮֵֻؾǿߣˮֵֻؾǿ߶ƿķ
ҶɨһܣȻڵأʼ޸塣
Ȼ֪ʲôطǺʣطпѾϵûǣҿҪġңղ˷ȥĴ֪ͨ䱳ˣ˵Ȼ϶ͻǿط
һܵ˲أں޸£岻ʱѾָ
ָҶɨһܣĿԶǿϡû´ĻղЩ˿϶ǲȥǿ
Ҷٴɨһܣ˿ŷ֣ϵǿ
Ĭһ˲Ҷһǿȥ
ģҶüͷΪܵһѪȵϢܿ죬ڵǿɱ¾֮ľȻ·ܵʲôٻһ㣡
Ҷͣ˫΢һĨأΪ˿ŷ֣澹ȻһѪɫߣЩѪɫ߱鲼
Ĭһ˲ҶǰʱҶͣ˿̣Ѿܹǿĵ棬ǿĵʱɫʱ⡭


1604 Խ
ҶУһЩУĲˮѪ
һѪɫǴţҶУȫѪɫ
ʲôѪɺӣǰǣ
ˣ½ϿգƮһŨѪζЩѪζŨĳ̶ȣ˵ǿ߶ܲˡ˵˹ԪɱҶЩܲˣ
̫Ũˣ
ԭأҶĬãȻһŶȥΪЩѪɫķǶߣ
ģҶüͷüͷɫҲԽΪЩѪɫûжϵԽԽˡϵȻ¿Ļͻ֣ᷢһƬѪ
Ƭ½ʲô
ҶɨһܣȻʼתʱ̽䱸š
ûͣ£ǼǰţԼһʱһǡ
ûͣ£ֱӽ˳УʱпһˡǣҶĬǾһѪأΪװһѪЩѪŶߵλȥ
Ҷ̧ͷ򶫱ߵλã߾ͷһ첼Ѫдһ˿ޣ
Ĭһ˲ҶǰʱѾԼ׸
ȻԼʵģǣСʻ괬
ʱҶٴμһǣǱȸղŵҪ屶ΧЩѪɫԴԴϳȥ
ҶɨһܣȻһһӰʧԭء
ܿ죬ҶǱ˳УϣȻһѪҶûͣ£ǼǰΪЩѪڳųеλû۶ȥ
ܿ죬Ҷ˳еλãеλʱҶĿֱѪ棬ѪصУˣѪˡ
֮˵ѪˣΪȫѪۣ˵üλãȭͷĺɫСС֮⣬Ҷ֣еЩѪڳѪӿȥ
ʲô⣿
ҶһĨɻҪ߹ȥһ£ͻȻɫһ䣬Ȼæԭءܿ죬ͻȻڹ⣬ת˲˳ҶĲԶ
ǿߣ
ˣҶɫٴ
ʱߵĺͻȻãѪڣȻҶѴ̡
ұߵĺ˵˵ͷȻѪү̫ѪʧүƢҡ˵⣬뵽ʲôɫһ䡣
Ĭ˺һᣬұߵǺֵ棬˵ôģ
ĺ˳ĬƬ̣ȻҲ֪⼸λʱ޿̵ĶڶŶԷȻүҲֻɼֻؾ¡һΣ϶¶ʲôšҺǣԷΪûнѪأ
ұߵǺ룬Ȼ᲻֮ǰǴս󣬶ԷҲˣȻȥȥˣ
Ƭ̣ȻΣѪתˡ˵⣬һԶѪˣȻϧˣڹһʱ䣬ѪͻɳԽĴڣֻ൱
ұߵǺҡҡͷȷʵϧҲˡȻѪֻ൱ǿߣǣǵսǾԶһǿߣ˵һ壬ȫ⣡
˵ͷȻˣԺһǰɡֻ¾һ½ʵͣү
޴
ǺͻȻҪס¸үûκιϵģף
ĬãȻݣЩϰ
ݵĺ˵棬ѵǸүֻҪǾܹմ˷ɻڴﵽߵĲΡҵ츳ﵽѾǵļޣ˼һӶڽһǡ
үʧأͻȻ
ݳĬãȻǻбѡ𣿡
ͻȻ
ʮϢͻȻ߰ɡ
˵ţֳǰһѹɲǼ䣬ǰһƬѪֱӳ߷˿
һĻҶɫʱһ䣬ΪѪֱӵλã˿ûڿռģˣƬѪھʱ΢ͣһ£
һͣͣԶɫʱ䣬ţֱӳҶλһ˹
ڱֵһ̣ҶϣֱŪһԼϣȻҽһѪˮֱʧԭأûߣǳѪ˵ǰȻһУѪս˺֮С

ҶѪˣǴıŭţһӡֱӳͷǵӡٶȼ죬ûߵʱ䣡
ҶҲûӣֽճȭȻͷ͵ؾһȭ˹ȥ
Ƽȭ
أ
ǵȭӡһȻȻѣҶȴֱӱǵӡ䵽˵ص֮С
У㶣һֱ̣ʧԭء
Ҷص׺ҽ͵һ̤Ȼֱӻһʧ˵ص
ܣ
˾ܣ
ʵǲܲСΪ˿ðεˣʩչĻðûκˣһһǿĵˡ
ʩչ޷Կǿߣһûˮֵǿߡ
Ȼа֮򣬵ǣýĻð֮Ҳ޷ɱԷģȭͷȻҲǿǱ𽣿ɾͲġ
ܹɱ϶Ҳֻܻɱһ޷ɱģϾܹﵽǿߵˣԲʲôˡ˼ҼܹϢӰӺ棬ǿ϶ǻġ
ܣ
ʹܣ
˿̣ҶѾ߶ڵ֮֮ļӳֺʱõļǿͬʱٶҲ֮ǰࡣ
Ȼμӿٶȣǿ߶ͬƹ֮һ
ôȥУ
ҶţȻģϾڣǣһֱôȥԷһаɾ군ˡ
ô죿
Ҷ˼תתתȥûתʲô취ʱͻȻɿֲѹţӳҶǰԶ
һĻҶɫһ׼ҪýʱͻȻҲͣг˽䱸֮ɫǰҲǳ˽䱸֮ɫ
һĻҶ΢΢һ㶣ĵһģ
ʱҶͻȻģҼүιӲûʲôԹһǣǲе̫ˣ
εˣ
Ҷٴһ㶣ʱǰһӾҪ˵ҶæѾ֣סǣһȥӡ
˵꣬һֱʧʡ
ֱԭء


1605 ɱ
Ҷߣɫʱһ䣬浱ϣȥ׷סˣ
˵꣬һֱӳӳ˹ȥһҶλ׷˹ȥ
ԶӼ泯ǳʱ˽Щ¡
һΣطΪүԵǿͻȻ뿪ңξЩΣǸʵΣү϶Ѿ˸
Ҽү໥ɵ໥κһүз紵ݶ༸λүĹעҲ֮ǰүΪβǿطԭΪЩүԵǿ߶עĶ
û뵽طû˵һ䣬ԷֱӶǳˡ
ʵǾЩԾģӦ˵ЩɣɸղǸߵǲεˡ
˿̣Ѿûʱ仳ɻȥͣΪѾǵǰѾǳ֡
ʱȥ˼ҽͣǾе޴ˡ
˵
У˼ս
ʱҶѾ½ǿ֮У׷ʱҶɫʱһת˲ɫ˿Ϊֻ֣һ׷
һˣ
ҶͣȻת׷ݡݼҶͣҲͣȻ㡭
ʱҶͻȻʧԭأʧһ̣ɫ䣬ת˲һɿֲڱӿ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ΧڵĿռֱӷʮϢвŽָƽ
ݻԭأҶȴѾ֮⣬Уһ⴦һĨ졣
ԶЩ͵ĿҶԪɱ⣬Ԫ⣬򣬰֮򣬶ֻصĽ㲻εˡ
䣬ɫʽɢһϢκɫʡ
ɱ
ʱҶͻȻӿһĨѪѪ˳ǰϢʱ䣬ǰѾѪһƬ
Ȼɱǿߣǣһ㶼ɡղţԼеƶ˳֮򣬽򣬻ɱ¾⣬Լһֻأ
һΣǺޱƾ
ʹˣҲǰķˡ
ǿ߲ɱ
Ҷ˿̵ĸ룬˵ղֻҪ΢һ£϶޷ɱǿߡ
ûж룬Ҷջ˼һУǿߵʬյ˺ڣȻһʧԭء
طɲ˵ĵط
һʱҶͣɨһܣΧһƬûκϢ
ҶգȻʼˡ
ʱں޸£Ѿȫָ˿̣Ѫ״̬
˻ָ̽˺
һУҶǰѪˣǿߵʬ塣
ҶĿǿߵʬϣһɫЩѿˣΪǿߵʬ岻Ƴɽū
ΪʲôƳɽūΪõһֻɱĶԷ򵥵˵Էȫ͸ˡ
ϧˣ
ҶҡҡͷҲû취ΪһֻصĻܾɱ˶Էˡ
ջĿ⣬ԱߵѪˣЩȣ֮ǰݵĻ˵ģȻҲʱҪðȥѪˡ
ְ
ܿ죬ҶüͷΪ֪Ҫôơ
һĿһѪ˵üλãһȭͷĺɫСԥһ£ҶֳһʶС
ʶɫеһ˲Ҷɫʱ䣬ţֱھѪˣ˸ǳˣһǧɲͣ
ֱͣڵأȻ˫ֱԴѹţʱֲŽ˿
˿̣ҶѪɫ
ԩ꣡
ԩ꣡
ղʶǺɫкԩ꣬Щԩţ棬޾ɱԹղžǱЩɱԹ˵ġ
ǹԪɱ⣬ûԪɱ⣬ղһ£Իɰ׳աǹԪɱⶼûн⣬ƾԪɱǾ޷סЩɱԹ
Ϊʲô֮ǰǴ½ʱûмʬԩˣΪѪ档Ѫװ˶ԩꡭ
ò˵үȷʵһĺˣΪѪϧôˡ
ʵҲֻ˲ŵķʽΪҵˣôܻ֮˵ˣԼݽ棡
ǿԣ
ҡҡͷҶջ˼ȻѪˡ
ôշѪˣ
ԭأҶĬãȻ֪õҵĻʽףǰ꣬ƿѪˣǷųתֻأ
֪϶пѪ˵ķǣᣬԣַֻʽЩѪ˹ͨΨһİ취
Ҷ£Ѫ˲Ǻָֻܿƽ
Ҷ˲һӣѪȻûлӦҶһѪˣȻȻǲͬ⣬Ǿˡ˵꣬תߡ
ʱѪͻȻҲţѪ˫ۣ۵һ˲һѪâʱ𣬲ת˲ǹѪâͱһޡ
ˣ
ͬʱѪ˳ȥ
ҶתߵѪ˵ǰȻҵҪ󲢲ߣֻ꣬ƿѪˣֻءǲӦҲǳ֣ҲǣϾûҲǷʲô
ĬƬ̣ѪûлӦҶ˵ͷȻתҪȥʱѪͻȻվţһѪͻȻڣǵ棿
ҶǸ˵ѪˣѪȻ˵Ŀȴǿնġ
ҶȻ
ǸѪ˵ãǴӦˡȽ⿪ǵķӡΨˣǲܸս
Ҷֱ˵Ѫˣ˭
Ѫ˵ԩ֮еһѡĴ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǿԣǣǵøҪοǡǸʵ߳࣬ܿǣҲᣬҲǡ
ǸѪ˳ĬãȻãΪǽ⣬ڸοǣ
ҶһǸѪˣȻ˵ͷã˵
Ҷ£ʱһϢУһᣬҶߵǸѪ˵ǰȻ˫ֽһӡŲ֪
ģǸѪһѪɫģЩѪɫĳֺһɿֲϢʱѪ˵ڱӿǰҶֱӱǧɿ⡣
ʱǸѪͻȻҶҶҶǸѪˣû´뷴ڡ
ǸѪͻȻӳҶȥÿһ涼һ·һ㣬ޱȡ
ѪҶǰʱ俪ڵǻ𣿡
£һȻҶ͵˹ȥ


1606 ϵң
ò˵Ѫ˵ʵǷǳֲģƳһ˲ҶΪģ䷽ԲڵĿռֱŤѿ
ҶɫƽѾԤϡ
ûг֣Ѫ˵ͷвʮʱһɿֲͻȻʽ£ǹѪ˻δӦֱӺϡ
أ
Ѫֱӷɵ֮ĵϣڵ֮һ鴤վȴǳһϸСѷ졣
һԣҶһѪ˵ǰյѪ˵ǰѪ˱һȭ˹ȻѪȭͷһ̣һٴκϡ
أ
һѪٴε˳ȥһΣѪûܹſڵϲϳ鴤ţһ㡣
Ҷ̧ͷһգֱ֪ǿˡȽϿϧǣܳȥܣȻʲô
ջ˼ǻڳ鴤ѪˣȻǣϾ˭Ҳ뱻˿ƣǣҸ˶ҳҸһᣬҪôҿǣ꣬Ҫôҽ
ѪûлӦ
Ҷ˵ͷúôŰɣ
˵꣬תߣ˲ʮʱͻȻѪ˵㵱Ըȥֻأ
Ҷͣ½Ų⣬㻹õѡ𣿡
ĬϢһϢͻȻӿҶ֮УҶ˫΢գЩϢƬ̺Ҷ۾ȻתߵѪ˵ǰţ˫ֽ˼ӡдʣܿ죬һѪ˿ͻȻѪüļûҶü䡣
ãҶоԼѪ˽ĳϵֻҪһͿԩһٵѪˣϵ
һΣѪûˣС
ܿ죬Ҷͬķ˵ڶѪˣҽơӵ֣
ǿߣ
ҶѪһۣȻǽѣ
һҪ󣡡һѪͻȻ
˵Ҷ
Ǳ𣡡ѪЩΪ˽ҵƳɿܣϧѪϴ½˳ǲҵԸֻء
ҶĬһ˲Ȼɣ
˵꣬ת뿪˺
ǿ֮УҶɨһܣȻһʧԭءȻӵ֣ǣȥܣΪԼȥܣһΣգͰܷųȥԶɳ
ңүģһ¶˵ֻһˣȻ£ʵûҪʱУֻҪ¶Ѫˣ˵Ǹνү϶ƴһ
Ѫƴ˵Ȼһ£ϾƵ
ǿ֮УҶٶȼӿ죬˿̵һһǿ֮лڵĿҪԼиϵǧ
˵С飬̲ݻ
ãҶеڵλˡӦһƬϵֻƬϵٺ٣ĿǰΪֹֻһ֮ǰү¾Ǹ
֮⣬;һƬûаϢ
ǿգ޾ޱ޼ʣûзûĿꡣ
ģҶüͷΪȥǰ취
ͻȻҶ۾һΪڲԶһž޴Ȼһ磬Ϊ½ҪࡣȻⲻص㣬صܵϢ
ûԥҶٶȼӿ죬ҪǿʱһɫĹͻȻ·ǿɫٶȼ죬գۼǰ
Ҷһ㶣ʱڵСͻȻתɲǼ䣬һֱӽǿɫĹ˺ڡ
ã
Ҷɫһ䣬ҪߣȻȴˣһֳǹͻȻǰ˵ʱ·ͻȻһ⣬ţһֳֳӳ˳С
ֵӴԼʮ꣬һϯۣͷЩңͷЩңϳҲã˿еؤ
ֵӿһǳǹӣȻֿ˿ҶͻȻЦţ⸱Ӿ֪Ǵ֮ûǲǣ
ǹһĨ裬½裬ǲ
ɱ𣿡
½ǷһĨмţɱ㣬ͬģҲɱӡ
˵ţתͷҶ֣ղõǱ˴֮飬֮һöλֿ㻨˽һʱŽ͵͵԰һο׬ˡ
Ҷ˵ʱһɿֲ⾳ͻȻסҶɫһ䣬תͷǳǹӣ
Ԫǹ⣡
Ҷû뵽žȻǹԪǹ⣬ʵе㳬Ԥϡ
Ҷֻ˵һΣ
Ҷ˵ʱһ⾳ͻȻ
Ҷɫٴһ䣬Ϊ⾳ȻǹԪ⣡
Ҷһ½ţϵԻ
ʱ½迴ҶٺһЦλֵܣ£Ҫ֣Ұһ
Ҷһ½裬ȻΪʲô
Ϊʲô
½ЦЦȻΪϲֻҪųԱ飬ҶԸ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʱһԵǳǹͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǰţһǹѾü䡣
Ҷ˫΢УֽճȭҪ֣ʱһͻȻƿնٶȼ죬գۼǺǱǹϡ
أ
ǹʱһƫҶ䴩˹ȥʱҶͻȻһǰ壬Ȼ͵һȭǰź˹ȥ
һƺâɫ䣬һתǹɴ̱䵲
أ
˴ǹֱӱ˰ɿ⡣
ף
һԣ½һĨ죬ֵޣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʱһǹͻȻƿնҶܵľһȭ
أ
һըҶֱӱ˰ɿ⣡
Ҷͷ˿Լȭͷ˿̣ȭͷѾѿ
ٺ٣
ʱһԵ½ЦλֵܣɲСλӣҵţңܹǰˣǵɱǿء
ң
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ʵ֪𣿡
ң
½Ȼ֪ǸӼ塣˵ţһҶҵˣ
½ĻһҪֵŶʱͣȻˣ
ҶĬһ˲ͻȻָţȵţүεˣҪҶӣҼүضȫ壡


1607 㵲סȳ
ҶĻ㶣漴ɫңΣ𣿽Ҿɱ㣬ܲң
˵ţһҶ˹ȥ
ųҶǷһĨ΢ɲĻȣڴźۣϽ䣬Էʵݣˣȫõı¶ݡ
ԺԷȥε鷳⣬Էݣȥε鷳Ҳû£ûʧ
ʱǹҶҴ⣬ٴνճȭȻ͵سǰһ䡣
䣡
һըҶسű˴˵ĺˣ˲ʮɱͣҶȴһٶɣˣԭѾָȭͷٴιѿѪ̼Ⱦȭͷ
ҶȻǿǹƾĻ˵Խսţһֻؾǿ޷սʤȻúڵѪɱԷĻ֮ǰðε˾ûʲôˡ
ˣҶѾ׼ȻȴǲᣬٴγǰȻ˫ǹ͵ؾһɨ
ͣ
ǹ֮ռֱӱ˺ѿˣǹ̺֮ǿõΧǧڵĿռֱӹѿ
ܵһĻҶɫһҪ߶ڵ֮ʱ½ͻȻǰţεһն
أ
ǹһӴΧǧڵĿռʱȻһƬڣڵĿռڶ֮Уʱһõǿռڶϳ
ԼһӺ󣬳ͻȻֹһᣬеĿռָ
½裡
һԣ½裬һλᣬڸҹȻ
ȻҧҰ
½Цһţǰ˵ݻˣ˵㣬綼ɱң㣬Ǿ͸˵ˡ
ɫҪ֣ʱһɿֲϢͻȻԶǹϢٶȼ죬գۼǽҶ˸
Ϣ֣ҶʱϢһϣȫ·Ҫһ㣬
ҶһԵ½ԼŴ˿Ҳָоһʱ½ͻȻг͵һһâֶ
䣡
â֣ǹϢʱâһȱڣȱڸһ֣ҪȻҶȴǱ죬ֱӻһʧԶ
½㶣ô졭
˵ţҲһһâʧ˲Զʧһ̣һԵҲ֮ʧԭء
ӣ
Ͽӣ
֮ԵһӦӣΪǵϢǵϢȻǿǣôʧ̬֮ӣΪǻܵϢϢǿߵϢ
ǿߣ
ӲУ
ȻҶܣǽģȴǱ½Ÿ׷û취ڲý£ʵٶȣҪۿ۵ġ
ʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬ţתһȭ
ճȭһǹǺȭͷ֮ϡ
أ
һըҶֱӱɿ⣬ʱŵڳ𣺡֮飬ȻԣҲɣ
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Ϊղһ飬ʱҶǿѾѾԽԽɡɣЩǿ˵ҪˣʱҶͣת˲ͻᱻ׷ϡ
оԽ׷ԽҶɫԽԽͻȻ뵽ʲô۾һţͣͣŵҲͣǲ֮ɫȻǲҶΪʲôҪͣ
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ͻȻŭ½裬㻹޳һ𣿡
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俴һߣ֮飬⡣
üͷһ壬⣿˭ǣ
ָָԶҶϣҪõ֮飬ɱͿԵõ
Ѫˣ
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أ
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ʱһԵҶͻȻǰղѾڰȱû´ҵǿѾϵԡ㶮ġ
ҶĻ˫΢Уһ̣һӣ˶ʱų˹
һ̣ŷζҪըˡ


1608 ǿߺǿ
һԣ½գգۣȻҶУźεľ֮ɫ
ʲô׽ʲôеһң
ǣ
ʱҶͻȻ½裬Ȼʹһ½赱»⣬ʼҶȥ
ʱѾ˸Χ
ûȥҶ½裬ΪʱΧǿߡȻʵǣһ˵ǿߣ˵ǲܵģ
Ĭһ˲һɿֲǹͻȻڱӿţ˫гǹ͵ضǰһǹһѩǹâڳһ
أ
ǰǿֱӱ˰ɿ⣬һһǹâʧԶ
Ҳɵôܻȥһ֮ǿߡ
Ӳϲߡ
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ߵķҶ½ӵķ򣬵һĻʱҶ½ɫЩÿˡ
ԥһ˲ҶͻȻͣȻתһȭ
ҶͻȻתһȭ΢΢һӦܿ죬Ҷȭճһ˲˷Ӧţгǹһǹâ
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˿̣ѾţǴ֮ϣԷǾԲĵģ˵ţǶԼġ
Ҫ֪ģм٣ǻħģ
о仰ô˵ģһĵˣԼ仰ЩǷǳͬģˣǾáԼԼĵˡ
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ҶĻ½۾ʱشģһҵĸ磬Ҳ԰
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˵꣬ҽ͵һգȻ˻һ⳯Զǿ߳˹ȥɲǼ䣬쵶ֱӽǿ߸û
Ȼ
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ͻȻ쵶֮Уһţ쵶Ȼɢ
أ
һӰе˳Ӱ½裬ܿ죬ͣ
½һĨ⣬Ҫ֣ʱҶǰȻ
½㶣Ȼһ
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Ҷתͷ½裬ǿߺǿ𣿡
½裺


1609 ƾ
½ֱӱҶ仰ʵסˡ
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Ȼǿ
ǿߣԽֻأһɻأǿߣ춼Ҫɵ
Ȼⲻص㣬صҶ˿Ҷ˵ĸоǣӣǿߡ
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һĻ½һĨ죬ȻҶʵе㳬Ԥϡ
Ҷ棬ǿһۣнǶһ˿䱸
ߣ
ʱҶͻȻ½С

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Ҷ½һĨ˷ܣȭһȭһȭͿ԰ǡ
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ʱҶֵǵٶȣûǿ߿죬һζӣûʲôãԣõİ취ǻɱǣ˵ǡ
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أ
Ҷǿߵǧɿ⣬ͣҶһԶ½裬ڼ˵״ʱҶĶʱȥ
ԭϣԼסһǿߣȻ½ѸٻǿߣȻ͹ǿߵʵ½ȻԽսǿߵ֣˲ûռһˣǽҪ·ˡ
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1610 ֻع
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仰Ҷ֮ǰ˵һΣһΣֻǵʣһΣʵ½衣
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ջ˼ҶɨһܣȻһУԶǿߵԴʱɵУţһʧԭء

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1611 ҵһţ
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½Ů˿ɲˣ˵һǰѾ벽ڣѾ˵ģеģЩһֱӿԻؼұˡϧеģֻеļμȻ˭

Ҷ˫΢У˪͹Ʋʮ꣬ԷѾﵽʮڼ϶Խս붼е˰
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ͷ
½ûΪʲôȥ֣ȥһȥ޻ء
Ҷȥѵ˼Ҫ˼һ˵ȥ͵

½һҶ͵ǰǲ˵ģ
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ľʯҶ⣬ʲô
½ҡҡͷҲǺǿȥһƿеأ
᲻ʲôı
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ҶɨһܣȻһһ¡
˵꣬͵գȻһƷ˺С
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С׽ǹ򱧵ҶǰҶҪȥãɫĹȴͻȻС׵ı
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һᣬǴ֮ƮҶǰȻҶ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻҲǴ֮顣
֮飡
Ǽģ½Ǹ֮飬̺֮˵һסϧǣܽ½Ĵ֮Ϊ½Ĵ֮ĻǶ½˺Ƿǳġ
һ磬ȱٴ֮飬ζţƬ½صʧ
Ĭһ˲ҶǴ֮飬ȻԺҪǣɲ԰æ
Ǵ֮黹δʾһԵС׾æͷ뵽ʲôæѴ֮鱧Ȼֵ˵ͷ
ҶһЦȻСױڻкݺݵһ£Сһ̫ɰˡ
С׻϶ˣһҶ˵㣬ʱϾڵأͷϵǽɫСȴԽԽˡȻҪˡ
ȻΪڶԵʣõԼʵţһ֮󣬰Ͼʵ϶ΪһεĴУϾʵ϶õһʵɱ䡣
ϵʱһԵϦ˹
ҶסϦ֣Ȼ˵ͷҲԶˡ
Ϧ˽Ҷ֣Сģ
Ҷ˵ͷϦһ뿪˺
ʵС
Ҷ۾һ۱Ǽ½裬ʱ½һ˲˲ض
ʲôҶʡ
½迴һҶȻ˵һԣһΪ˯ء
Ҷ
½ҡҡͷ߰ɣԪϵɲ
˵ţһֱӻһƵâʧԶ
Ҷæȥ
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ǿߣ
Ϊ׵һ۵ߣߵҶ½貢İΪ֮ǰǴսǿߡ
ңšҶԣ½ߣˣСǡ
ʱҶͻȻ˫֣Ͷ
½裺


1612 
Ͷ
˽ǱҶͻһ仰סˡ
ʱҶͻȻתһһֱ֮⣬ת˲ֱʧ˵С
ˣ
ˣ
׷
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俴½裬û˵Ȼû˵ϢȴѾס½衣
½ڨЦЦңͶ
߳½ȥȻ½ӣǣҶȴмͣϾԼͨľҪģҲ½ԴʹﵽֵزһУҲҵĴ֮飬ҿɲɱ㡣
½̯̯֣˵ûУ𣿡
Ǿ͸һһˣ
߻˵ֱ꣬ӳ½ץ˹ȥһץ½ΧĿռֱӱյشͬʱһǿҪ½ֱӼ飡
½ЦݣһĨɫһ̣һɿֲĵڱӿţε͵ؾһն

һӺҶͻȻͣͣ˱ǳǰ
ҶͻȻͣɫʱ䱸ǿûǣǰλڶ̶ʱھͻɱһǿߵġ
Ҷһһۣһֱ̣ʧԭء
Ҷ֣һĨм΢΢̧𣬾Ҫ֣ʱɫͻȻһ䣬Եǿ߽ɫһ䣬ΪҶѾǵǰ
ⲻص㣬صҶͻȻˣ
Σգ
ǳΣգ
д󺧣˾Ҫʱһ⾳ǿѪϢͻȻϣţһһ
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Ϊ׵߶ʱӲԭأĿ͵ؿǰ⡭ɱ⡭
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ȻҲΪû뵽Ҷ߻ͻȻǿߣȻ˾սҶߣӻлġ
Ҷûʬ壬ΪѪѾļޣңһֻػɱǿߣ޷ܣߣĽ⣬ҲǿߵĿܣ
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Ҷʱ˫ֶʱҶãȻǶˣ
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ʵڻУǿߣǾΧһҵǿߣˣѡߣ
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½ҡҡͷȻȻ򲻹ҪɱңҲûôס˵⣬һҶֵôһģ
ܣҶ
½ʼ磬Ҳ׷⣬˵ǸǲʲôԹ
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½㶣ȻҡҡͷǼһĬ
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һ·ϣҶ½ϵ飬½Уϵ˽һš
ϵǧ֮Уа˴ңֱӮңңңңң½ңݼңԼؼҡ˴۾ϵǧ磬ϵǧ֮УȻҲб壬壬ȵȣǣʲô壬ûǿ
ϵǧ磬ǿ
˴֮УǿӮңңصǿݼҡأ½û˵˵ء
ݼңأҲ͵е˴Ӳ£ǣӮңǺųƷӼңȥ塣
ˣڸ֮УӮԼң¹ǿݼҵˣԵĻÿݼӵ֡
ΪõÿݼԵøˡ
ӮңԼһصĿݼ⣬Ĵңʵڲ֮䡣
ʵӦ˵˴ҵʵǿӮңҲ˵ļҾΪˣ˴ܹ֮һֱల¡
Ϊ˭Ҳս
ȻҲ治ԭ򣬵ڷսĴʱϵǧ磬ͻ᲻ƽˡ
ֵһ˵ǣϵǧ棬ܴܴ󣬷ǳĴ󣬾жû֪ĿǰΪֹ˴ҶڲϳЩδ֪ĵطء
ϵеһűϵ̽Ҳ̽ӦȻӶᣡ
Ӷᣡ
ϵǧ˴ҹּͬ
ǰԪϵˣ
ʱ½ͻȻ


1613 棡
Ԫϵ
ԶһƬϵҶɫޱȵءΪһƬϵ֮У̫̫ܵǿϢˣƬϵһоǾƬϵ·һ޴󷨡
󣡡
ʱ½ͻȻƬϵһ޴󷨡
ô󣡡
Ҷʵ˭õģ

½ҴʼˣҲϵǧǿļ֮һˣǾţŵ꣬κι似ֻҪһܹѧᣬһܹƣĸǿ
˵⣬תͷҶֵ֪ζʲôζűֻ֣ҪʩչܹƳϸԼ㣡
Ҷ
ֹ
½꣬˾⾳ϵǧʷУ⾳һˡ
⾳
Ҷ˫΢УѾ˰ϾҲΪϾھ⾳ҽ⾳ںϣֻ⾳ںϺ󣬾ˡ
Ȼ⾳ҲﵽԪǾͲǿֲˣǷǳǳֲ
ʱǰϾĶ֣
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棡
ҶͻȻһͷǾǣң˭˭һЩأ
꣬Ǹʱҵʱ
½ֵǸʱǿǿߴҲòԿҡ
ֶԿҶʡ
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Ȼ
½ңκһҶֹ־˴ңܹ֮۰ϵǧ棬Ϊֹ־ţһţٿԱ֤һ겻˥
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ã
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Ԫǡ
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磿Ҷ⡣
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½裡
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ܿ죬ߵҶǰΪ׵ЦЦû뵽㣬ӦҲΪǱľʯ
˵⣬һ½裬ȻҲǣڲûֻعҪﵽֻؾҪʮꡣֻعɲôõð
½Ԫ˵𣿡½˵ˣͿԹˡ

ʱ½Ԫұŭȵ½裬ôø˵ģ
ø磿
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ҵ£½赭ң½Ҷһ࣬һ٣𣿡
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½Ԫһȱһ飬Ҳ֪Եķ֮ΪʡҲĨǣ㽫֮ңҿȥΪһֻع飬½ңΣ
㵱ǰ׳𣿡
½½ԪʲôһУ֮ûϣүУҪб£ȥΡ
½Ԫ½ãȻ˵ͷȻûУǾˡףˣ
˵꣬һ½ԵҶȻү£˺ܶడ
ҶҡҡͷʲôҼүţǻʱţſɣչֵʱǻ֣ᷢԼͬһʱǺεȵĲң
½裺
𣿡
½Ԫԭүصô⵹ЩˡҺڴչֵʱ򡣸ǡ
˵꣬תȥ
Сĵ㣡
Ҷԣ½ԪͻȻһɲƲ磬ͺģʵҲһĺˡϲ¾ǣһֵ̻ܣһܾ̿ͻ㱳ͱһ
Ҷ˵ͷȻСЩӵܣЩӵܣ̻ʵ϶ǲġ
߰ɣ½ܲƽľʯܡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
½Ĵ£һǰʱǰѾۼˡ
ڴſڵλãһľһʯ
ҶĿֱǱľ֮ϣľܴ󣬿ʮ֣вҡ
һ޽
Ǳ޽֮ϣ֣ҶĿϣ
ܷ𣿡

Ҷס
ܷ
ԼʲôȥС죿ʲôȥμ֮ʲôȥλԿʲôػԼˣ
ˣҶͻȻЩˡ
ûн
ΪûнζҪʧȥܶܶණУܻϾûн˵ɱǿߣɱֻؾе
ܷ
ҶĴ𰸣
ջ˼Ҷ˵ڶ֣ڶʱҶֱӴԭء
ֻдţ
ԽΪūⲻ֪ѱūۡ


1614 ľ֮
ūۣ
Լū
Ҷʡ
ȻĽָǽ
Լûбū۵ģΪãսǽһ֮ǿΪˡĽ֮ǿΪΪ
˶
뷨
ǣǣԼܹ׼ȷ˵ǣԼܹ
ζҪʧȥܶܶණǰԼ
Ȼǲܷ
ԼԼʧȥܶණǣûԼȻǽȻڡ
˵ǣԼûǣȴûԼ

˭ūۣԶ׼
УҶǱľͻȻǱľ˹ȥ
Ե½һĻ㶣ȻæҶǰʲô
ҶָָԶǱľȻľ֮
£ҶѾʧԭأٴγʱѾǱľǰţڳ˾㵵Ŀ֮УҶһȭǱľ˹ȥ
һĻ½ɫ˲ͲҰ磬ô氡ǻᱻġ
ԶҶȭͷҪǱľʱһͻȻҶǰ
䣡
һըҶֱӱ˰ɡ
һӳǱľǰӿԶҶɿɶ
ҶͣҪٴγȥʱ½ͻȻǰ磬Ҫʲôңģ侲侲
Ҷҡҡͷľǲ֮·ֽ粽С˵һ˳Են֮
˵꣬һٴγǱľ˹ȥ
½㶣Ȼһ˳Են֮磬̫Եˡ
ҶȻٴγ֣˶סˡȻû뵽˾Ȼ¡
Զ˫ڣ˸һ̣һȭ
ǰҶҲͬһȭ
䣡
һըҶǻԳɡ
꿴˿ԼȭͷȻ̧ͷҶֱ࣬ȭе˼£ҽһ棬˶ʱһ̳Ҷǰ
أ
ҶδӦ˱ֱӱɿ⣬ǣһͣ˾ٴʧԭء
أ
Ҷʧһ̣жʱһըΪҶ뻪ٶȹԭ򣬳˸Ҷˣֻһը
ʱ˶ں棬ҶϾҵµˣ϶һˣ
һԣҶǻ꼤սҶ½˹Щˣûһģ˵ֻع¶ø㶪
䣡
ʱΧĿռͻȻһţеҶǻӸԱǧɵľ롣

ɨһҶǺˡ
ңүҶ
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ҶĻ˶ʱȻҵˣȻͲˡϾˣɶЩӡңʵ࣬ˣҵ˸ҡֻ벻׵ǣεΪʲôҪ£
ңΣ
˫΢УǼүµģ
Ҷ˵ͷȻָԶǱľҼү˵ˣľҪԣȡȰǹԹԽȻ
Ц
Цһʲô˵ֻһүҵӣҲ˲ңҲˣȻҵ鷳ǽգͱĺ
£ֳǰһָָ
ָɲǼ䣬ָͬСİɫͻȻҶܵĿռ䴩˳ͬһ㳯Ҷ˹ȥֻһ˲䣬ҶǱЩû
ЩָҶɫ䣬ֻսһ̣͵سǰһ䣡
ȭ
ȭ
䣡
һ˲䣬ЩȫȻɢˣΧĿռҲһ̾Ҽ·Ҫһ㣬ޱȡ
Զǻ꿴һҶȭͷȭ֮ǰȭҪǿڽһС
˵ţҪ֣ʱ½ͻȻҶǰȻŵǿ󣬽գԼʶһ¡
㡭ҶЩ㵵Ŀǰ½裬Ȼû뵽½ͻȻ֡
½迴һۣȻȵҵסٶȵ㣬סһҪٶȣΪΧǿߣٶȲ죬ͱŪǿľˡ
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ޣ
꿴һ½裬ȻֻƳǰվһģƳǰĿռͻȻŤת˲һӡŤ״ƬռֶȻ½˹ȥ
ն
½˫г϶¶·͵ؾһն
ͣ
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䣡
ǵӡһӴ͵رըɲǼ䣬뵶ܷ俪ȻˣΧĿռȻû飬ֻǱЩһ󼤵ѡ
ǻҪٴγ֣ʱɫͻȻһ䣬ȻתͷһľλãʱҶѾǱľǰ

ŭȣ˵ţҪǸλóȥ˿̣ͻȻǿϢЩϢȫҶλӿ˹ȥ
ǿߣ
ľǰҶūˣū۽αظôӣ
£һȭ
䣡
˾㵵Ŀ֮УҶǰǱľȻѡ
һĻһԵ½亹ʱΣҪƨˡ
ǿʲô
ʱͻȻһ˿ȥֻǱľѺһͻȻ˳ţһڳгҡ
һĻǻͣҶԱǳߣ߶ûж֡ȻҲû뵽
Ҷ̧ͷʵǵ⣬ͻȻǵԿе£Ȼǰת˲ɢһϸСľǰ
ľָԼߣ״֮ǰǱ޽ûʲô𣬵ȴС˺ܶࡣ
ľҶգգۣת˲ֱһӣŪڵĺڣȻתͷǻ꣬ղŵ飬³çˡҵǸϵĵǸǸҼﻹе£ȸˡ
˵꣬תߡ


1615 
ҶȻûܹߵΪǿѾǰ
ҶڨЦЦô
һ˰ɣ
ʱһԵǻͻȻ˹϶ģ𣿡
ҶЦЦȻ
ɱȥ
ֻɵ˲ŻѡɱȥԪϵֻҪɱˣ˵϶һǿֻؾǿ߳ǰҪǣоЩˣûɱ⡣
ȻɱҲɱ
߰ɣ
˵꣬תҪߣʱҶǰͻȻһ׹⣬ţһŮӳ˳С
ŮӣҶʱסΪŮǰϾ
ôˣҶʡ
ϾĿԶǿʯϣ
ҶתͷȥڲԶλãһһɶ೤ĺɫʯʯ֮ϣֻһ֡
䣡
䣿
Ҷüͷ΢壬˵ʱϾͻȻǿʯ˹ȥ
һĻһԵĻҪ֣ԵһȴֹתͷϾһĨ֮ɫܿ죬ǷʲôеĲ˷ܣ֪ͨϡ
һߵ˵ͷת˲ֱʧԭء
΢΢һ㶣һԶİϾһ˿ɻ
ʱһͻȻ˳Уߣǻæһ񣬡ϡ
΢΢ͷȻֱӿ˰ϾϾʱгһ˿죬Ǻܿ죬˿ͱ˾ȣת˲ֱء
ϾˣֱߵʯǰȻһ˲˲ضǿʯ
һӹȥ
һʱȥ
ʱȥ
Ͼڶǿʯ
ʱֻʣҶ½裬ҵˣˣѾȫߡ
˭Ҷԣ½ʡ
Ҷһ۰ϾȻˡ
½΢΢ͷŮˣе㲻
ǣ
Ҷ˵ͷʵϾʵҲ֪ΪûϾƴ֪Ͼʵ϶رǴʱѾ½񴫳е
Ҫվʲôʱ򣿡½ʡ
Ҷҡҡͷ֪ôˣ
½˵ʱԶͻȻϾͻȻˡһУţǹһ裬ʱʯ֮ϣֶһ֣

ʯԭ֣ʯ֣

˶ס⡣
ʱ
ǲ
ͻȻһţʯ˿һ׹˳ת˲׹ɢһõӰ˵ǰ
ӰòԼʮ꣬ǣͷȴѩףһϯۣ˫ָ˫ǿգվǣ˵ĸоͬǿհ㣬˾ԼС糾
õӰʱɫ䣬ţȥ棡
棡
һԵҶ㶣ȻһӣǰǺų
ҶԵ½˫ҲԲţȻҲû뵽괫˵еȻֻһƻǣһƾ񣬵ҲǴ˵еĴﰡ
ûпˣĿֱ˰ϾϣϾʾӡ
ŰϾã˵ͷҺ󱲣Բ㣡
ĻҴϵɫʱЩѿˣȴͷ̧
УһĴڡ
ʱֵѾʯ塣˵⣬˶٣ֵ˿ѾͷҴˣκνأκικѧκԴܡ
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ϾһеǱŵ䣬Ȼǻδɢ΢΢һ񣬡л
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1616 ֻع
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1617 ֮أ
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1618 Ĳ㣡
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1619 һս
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ĬãȻǱһ㡣
ԣҶ۾ʱһ۹Ǻܸߵģܹ˵һ㣬˵ǱǼ󱦱
뵽⣬ҶæȻ˵һ֮С
ҶɨһܣҪǱľʱһͻȻʻҶ̧ͷȥֻһʼۣϣһСһ
СһﲻǱˣСף
ҶҪȥʱǵٶͻȻӿ죬ٶԽԽ죬Ϣʱ䣬ʾȻѾȫûһۿȥǽ⣬һ϶ûУ
ٶȹɵģ
һĻҶɫʱΪӦ˵ٶ
ʱһţһǰǱľʱС׾վľϣԲཱུСϣ˷֮ɫ
С׶ҶצȻڽȥ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҪȥʱǱľͻȻһţһڳһ
䣡
һըҶֱӱǧ֮⣡
ǧ⣬Ҷ˿ԼǰʱǰһʮֵĽˣ˼ԿˡղӦ죬Ѿˣ
Ҷ̧ͷǱľʱǱľͻȻһĻҶƤһҪԭأʱǱľͻȻͣΪСֻСצǱľĽ
ʱ϶ͻȻҶԣһҶǰĽˣû°ɣ
ҶҡҡͷȻǱľ⽣ʲô
϶ҡҡͷȻֻֻ֪֪С
ҶСףʱ֪С˵ʲôǱƽ
Ҷԥ£ȻСףÿ
С׿ҶգգۣȻ֪ҶҪʲô϶ļϡ
ҶǱľȥһ̣һɿֲ⾳ͻȻڱӿ⾳Ǳľϯȥ
ɱ¾⣡
Ҫɱ¾ѹ
ʱԶǱľͻȻһһ̡
ˣ
һͻȻڳ𣬽ţһڳһ
ͣ
ҶĿ֮Уǰɱ¾ֱӱһΪһ̣ǱľѾǰɵλá
Ҷд󾪣΢һѪڳһţһѪǰ
һ̡
أ
ͣ
Ӱͼߵķһ㳯ź׷˳ȥͬʱһֻѪ۳˿УֻѪԿл׹䣬˵ϡ


1620 Ͼʵ
ɳӰҶѪˣǵڵϵѪۣѪģ
֮ǰһҶûеסѪûеסûеסʧһۣ
һҶѪǱľȴǲûҪֵ˼֮ϣ˸ҪٴγʱһԵС׻һ飬һľĺ棬ȻֻСצľ
СױסǱľƽ佣֮Ȼ˸Ž⣬Ȼŭδ
ԶҶЩ£ǳ¡
Ϊȫû뵽ľȻ˵Ŀֲ
ֻһ
Ҫ֪ѪʵԶһЩǿߵģȻʹȻûеסһ
ղԼĻܾͲǵһôˣ
϶ҶԣȻû°ɣ
ҶҡҡͷȻ̧ͷԶԶǱľƽ佣֮ϵĽҲѾɢ
⽣е죡϶
Ҷ˵ͷ⽣ֹǹ죬ֱǿֲһǿǰ¸һǿ߻Ҫǿίʵеţ
ôڣˡ
⽣ôôƢôΪأ

Ӧܹѹǣȥ֮أû˺ѹ⽣ҪͻȻ߱ǵס
⽣Ϊã
Ҷҡҡͷͷ⽣ƢĺܣΪãǲˣʱǲˡ
ô죿϶
ô죿
ҶԶʱǱľѾƽľҶн˵Բһ㣬Ҵ˵Ҫ⽣͵óеĳЩΡ
ԭǸǲôģڣ֪ǸʲôΣǸǳֵ顣
ĬãҶҡҡͷȥЩûз顣һǱʼС׵ɵľһĨϧܹΪã˵Ըвһ
ϧǣ𶼲
ʵаѹģǺǽ򣬵ǣڽе㲻ǿΪڶԵʱεսѣǸʱ⽣ͻȻһľˡ
ҶǱľãȻ´㣬´Ͳôˣ
˵꣬תһʧԭء
ʵУڣҶ۾ɨһ۳Уһֱ̣ʧԭء
⡣
ɹˣ
Ҷճ⣬һתͷȥֻұ߲Զ֪ʱһߣǴϣ
Ҷ˵ͷɹˡ
ԣǴؿһҶ֮ɫһ
£
ֻؾµʱ䣬ǾԲŵġΪ棬ҲǵڳֻؾʱҲһµʱ䣡
ǰүȻֻ˲£
£
ϳĬ˺һᣬü۵ͳڣһɱһȻҲǵжңǣϣҳ־ⲻԱ˵ͬ
ΪһΪУڣպ˵һѡ
ܿ죬еɱ⣬ȻҶЦϲ
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ǰϾóϾǰλүϵǳ֣Ͼ㲻Ҷ֣϶Ҳҡ֣֮ܶԶԶ
Ҷһ۴ϣȻлǰȥӡ
Ҳ㣡ɡ
˵꣬תһʧԶ
Ҷҽһ棬˶ʱһڹȥ
䳡
䳡ҵдԵĵطޱ޼ʣΧĿռʮ󷨼ӳ֣֮⣬֮ϵǿߵ֮ȹ̣˵طǿȫһ˵˿
䳡УֻˣǰϾҶ
ֻؾˣϾ
Ҷ˵ͷأ
ϾûУܿͻˡ
Ҷ
ϾһУһս
Ҷ룬Ȼá˿̸ֻؾҲȻ󿴿Լʵ˺̶ֳȡ
ϾҲǣ˴УȻоһЩĵãڣʵҲ࣬Ҳ
ϾҪ֣ʱҶͻȻתͷԶϣԱ𣿡
Ĭһ˲ԶͻȻϵģǵıԣᴫ˶С
Ҷ˵ͷȻϾҿҪˡ
Ͼ΢΢ͷҲǣ
£ͻȻ̧ͷҶһ̣һɫǹâͻȻҶǰ
ˣ
УһͻȻ𣬽ţһֱǵǹâ֮ϡ
䣡
ͻȻһըըǵǹâ뽣Ȼըѿţһɿֲ˲ɢ֮⡣
ʱһǹâͻȻ߳żȥ;ֽ֮һֱӱ˺ѳ룻ͬʱһͻȻұߵֱӱޡ
ǵǹâ뽣ķʽڿײһ
䣡
һӴжʱ羪ը죬ΧĿռǾһţǹâٴκȻѣ߱ʱ˳ܲɢȥ
Щ˵Ҷ밲ϾǰʱһεֱӸޡ
У˶һۣһ̣ͬʱʧ˵档

ͻȻһĽཻʱҶ밲ϾɣϾгǹֱҶţȴǱҶĽ
һ˲ϾͻȻɿеĳǹţһǰ壬˲ҶǰȻһȭ磬Ҷ˫΢Уٽ¾һ
ٽһ̣ϾͻȻһ죬Ȼסǹǰһ̣һֱ̣Ҷš
ҶһҪȥϾȭͷĽæһб

סǹȻϾȭͷȴֱӺǰȭͷմҶǰһ̣ȭͻȻƣȻǰ͵һ
أ
һҶֱӱǧɿ⣬һͣǱһĨ죬ͬʱǰλãֱӰ˽ȥ
ҶĨĨǵѪȻϾ·е
£һ⾳ͻȻڱӿ
ɱ¾⣡
ԶϾ΢΢ͷİɣ
䣬ǰ̤һɲǼ䣬һɿֲ⾳ӿ˳
⾳ԶҶɫͻȻˡ
ͬʱһ𾪵ͻȻڳ𣺡⾳ֹԪ⾳ںϵĹԪ⾳
˵


1621 ²ʲôʱ
ֹԪ⾳
һԵҶѾסҪ֪ԭϾ⾳ֻģڣϾ⾳Ѿ˹Ԫһ⾳ںϵĹԪ⾳
죡
Ҷ˿̺յҪ֪⾳Ͼȴ֣
ʱҴҲ˳Уһ˲˲ĶŰϾУ˷ܣǼһ˿ϧ
֪Ͼ⾳ʱϾ⾳ֻԪָġ
ʱ˿̣ΪʲôԼ˵һԲ簲Ͼˡ
磬Ĳ磡
˵Ͼʮ꣬ãֻҪ꣬ϵǧһǰ֮УаϾ
һȻ¶һޱȺͰЦݣ㣬֪֮ǰ⾳ֻΪ⾳˹Ԫ
ҶҶ˰ϾҴʵģҲ֪ġ
Ͼ΢΢ȻĵãУԾˡ
Ҷ
ϱҲЩȻˣһĵãȻ͵Ԫˡ
ĵãҲˣȻܶ࣬Ҳ˶ѣ
ǳŸһŵ
ʱϾҶ
ҶǴϣϵ˵ͷȻһʧԭء
뿪󣬰ϾҶСģ
˵꣬һгǹһɫ
ӳֹԪ⾳죡
֮еĿռֱŤˣΪĵķԲǧڵĿռ侹Ȼһ󼤲λõ쾹Ȼѿ
һĻҶɫҴ⣬΢гɴȭһ̣͵سǰһ䣡
ȭ
ȭһɿֲЯһɼ֮Ҷȭͷ֮бɲǼ䡪
䣡
һͻȻ䳡쳹һ̣䳡һ·һ㣡
ʱԶİϾͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾ󣬽ţһ㣬˶ʱڿƮ𣬽ţҽ͵һǹϡ
ͣ
ʱһٶȼ죬ҶδӦѾǰ̺ǿֱӽΧĿռѿ
Ҷ˫΢Уһ죬ԲԶĽʱɵУͬʱһʳУʣһ̣Ҷν͵ؾһն
նν
ʮնν
ڴﵽֻؾնνҲõ˴˵ѾܹʮնνҲޡ
ʮӵնνжǿҶҲ֪ҲڴϾͿ֪ˡ
ˣ
һͻȻڳгңţһڳһ
ռѣ
УǱǹǵֱķʽײһ

ǹһһ̣ϾҶֱ볤󡣲ϾҪһЩϾס죬Ȼ˳ƾһ̣Ҷסʱֻ˳ǰ

Ҷֱ˴ǧɿ⣬ʱϾͻȻżһ㣬һֱ̣ӳһϾЩϾȫǰϾĲӰµǣЩӰȻȫʵʡ
ʱϾѾҶǰţ͵һɨ
һΣҶûȥֱһŰϾ˹ȥ
˻ˣ
ǱˣоǶڰϾ϶ĻɱԷģҪҪʱ̣ǰϾֵͣģ
֮ѡ˻ˣҲû취飬ΪϾսʶ̫ǿ̫ǿˡҲͨǿܹ밲ϾԿˣͱŪٴˡ
Ҫ֪ϾȻûʩչʲô似ǣʽ似£

Ҷ˻˵ķʽϾü΢Ǻܿչһ̣һɿֲ⾳ͻȻӿ˳⾳ֺҶĽƶʱѹͣʱϾһǰ壬ȻһȭҶǰ
أ
һҶֱӱسˣʱϾͻȻҶǰȻǰһ̣ף
ʱҶѾӦ½ΣȻνһնȻʱϾǱٶͻȻӿ죬ҳ΢΢ƫƣһƫƣǹֱӻҶĽϣõҶĽδγǱһɾǧɿ⣡
һ̣Ͼٴε
ԶҴĿҶϣһ˿͡ΪҶܹڰϾ֧ôãѾǷǳǳѵˡ
ϾϾӵ⾳ʵϾֲĻֹԪ⾳սʶ
ϾսʶЩļ£
ҲΪʲôҶĵطΪҶȻϾսʶѹƣǣȴʼܹǿֿʱʱ
ڴϿҶܣֻʱ⣡
أ
ʱԶͻȻһϾĿȥֻԶҶֱӱϾһǹǧ⡣һΣϾûгʤ׷ͣ
ϾҶ𣿡
Ҷ˿Լ֣ʱѾȫʧȥ֪ϾɲսʶǿٶҲǿ˷ָرƿأǿĿֲ
Ҷ̧ͷϾЦɣ𣿡ȻеƣȻǰ֮һֻأнرǽ򣬱𿴰ϾֹԪ⾳һѹס
Ȼ֪Ͼ϶ҲеƣҲ뿴ϾĵƣǣԼ밲ϾĵƱ¶ǰƱ¶ˣǾͲеˡ
һ֣
ϾһҶȻ˵ͷãȻҶ˼
ҶЦҪȥˣһȥ𣿡
Ͼ΢΢Ȼȥһһûѧᡣ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ʵʲôУ
Ͼʱ֪ˡ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷȥԼౣء
ϾͻȻҶǰֱҶãȻһ
ҶЦЦȻãҵ㣡
˵꣬ͣתʧԶ
Ҷߺ󣬴ϳ˰ϾǰȻ峤Ҫ㣬㡭˵⣬ͻȻתͷԶʣȵȻˡ

ҶûԪϵа֮ҪʼʱѾʣˡ
ܿ죬ҶԪϵȻ뿪Ԫϵǿ֮ʱ߱ǳǰ
ߣҶɫΪǵȥ½ɱˣץСģҲ
ɽʯ
ɽĿҶϣҲ²£λүˣүүߡ
ʱҶͻȻ²ʲôʱ


1622 𣿣
ҶĻɽ˫۶ʱ΢˵ʱҶͻȻһʧԭء
ɽ΢΢һ漴ЦһЦ
£ͬʱʧԭء
˶ʧҴϳ˳СϿһԶȻ
Զռ΢΢һţһŮ˳Ůӣࡣ
Ŵ΢΢һ񣬡ǰ
ϵ£
΢΢һЦȻǰ£ղ˵ݡǰԸ֮м
ϰ˰֣֪뿪ɣҲҵ顣
£ֱתʧԭء
ɫʱĬãתʧʡ

ҶûгԪϵܣǳ޾ǿܣԼٶ˼£ˣһʱ䣬뿪ԪϵķΧããǿա
ʱҶͻȻͣͣɽʯǳǰԶ
ôˣɽ˵뷴ɱǣ
Ҷתɽˣǣ˭˵һϣ
һϣ
ɽЦһƾ㣿˵ţ䳯ǰ̤һȻֳǰһ̽һʱͬ֩һ㳯Ҷ˹ȥ
һ̣ҶоԼ·
Ҷһɽò˵ɽʵǷǳǿģѪ١
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻһȭ
ûʩչȭֻͨһȭ
أ
⣬Ҷֱӱɽ˳ȥɵǧɺ󣬸ͣҶתһӰԶȥ
һĻɽǷһĨϡ˵꣬һҶλ׷˹ȥ
һ̣ԶҶͻȻʧԭء
Сģ
ͻȻʯľ
ͬһ̣ɽɫˣţһӰıͬʱɿֲѹֱѹϡ
ͣ
һֱɽ״˳
ɽ۾Բڣţһ˿ڡΪ˿ףղҶ벻һǼٵġҶ֮ߣ֮ʾΪ⣬ӣ
Ҷɹˣ

ԶʯһĻŭȣҪ֣ʱ˫ͻȻԲȫëһ̣һɿֲϢڱӿȻϢֵһ̣һͻȻһ
ɽһʯҲӲʱҶѾڰɿ⡣
˭
ʱͻȻһռ֮˳Ҷûɱ⣬෴ԵеƽϢȴǲԼ
ղʱɽպ׼ҪʱʯȴҲˡ
ǿ߱ɱ
Ҫ֪ɽʯɲһǿ߰
ҶеĽȥ˭²¡
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ʱҶͻȻô֪ԩ޳û´ҸǣѪ𡣡ʵѾµǰŮ˵ݡ
Ϊ˵ɽʯεˣǰŮȻǸࡣ
Ѫ𣿡
˫΢У¶Ŀҿǲϰˡ
ûҶģӦ˵˶֪ҶˡңֻȥɱҶʶҶڼϵȥɱҶ˻˵ҶԣҶˣУѾһˡ
Ͼͻῴˣ
Ҷ£ѾֱʧԭأٴγʱѾǰţгһն¡
˫΢УûӲӣҽһֱʧԭأٴγʱѾǧ֮⡣ͣһ̣Ƿʲôɫʱ䣬ΪһѾǰ
һֻأ
һҶʩչһֻء
ܿ侲͵ս
䣡
âڼһâҶһʣµâҶˡ
䣡
ըҶԳɵľ롣
Զ࿴˿Լֱֻۣʱֱֻ۳˴ССʮĬһ˲̧ͷҶϬĽ
ҶһԼǰʱǰѾѪģ̧ͷһ࣬ò˵ʵǷǳԵġ֮Բð֮ԭ򣬵һԭڣΪ֪С䡣
ʣʵС䣬ᱩ¶Լݡڶԭǣʱڶȫ䱸ð֮ûаٷٰ֮սɱ
ʵеԭǾ뿴Щŵˮ֣
㲻ϰˣ
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ûȤߴᣡ
Ҷ£Ѿֱʧԭأʧһ˲һڳһռֱֽӱ˺˿
һĻ˫΢Уڣɱ˸
ʱ
ǵü仹ľʱһâͻȻü
䣡
Ҷǵֱӱâһɢâȴһ糯Ҷ֮ռֱӱ˺ѷ飬ޱȡ
ԶҶһ̳
أ
âȻɢ
һ̣ҶֱʧԭأٴγʱѾǰ
ʣνһն
ʮնν
ҶһͫʱȻһһ̣һâڱӿ
䣡
ͻȻһţһӰֱӵ˳ȥһɳȥģһֱֻۣ
Ӱࡣ
൹ɳȥһ̣һͻȻڳ𣬽ţһ˲ǰ
ʱһָͻȻֶ
أ
ȻѣһӰ˳ȥ
ӰҶ
ɳǧɺҶͣͣҶ̧ͷʣʱһͻȻʴ֮δʼȥ
ǿߣ
Ҷ˫΢УڣɭһƬ
ԶĨĨǵѪʱ俴һҶϱ֮ʮ㡭
ʱɫ䣬ͬʱһŭͻȻ𣬡
ţһָͻȻֶȻ·ȥ
·
֮ɫ䣬ΪһӰͻȻͬʱɿֲ⾳ֱѹϣ⾳⣬һ⾳ǿ֮
⾳Ȼɱ뽣⣬ǹ֮ǽ
ѹ˵ӣ˿ֱӳȥȻֻһ˲䣬һ˲Ҷ˵ȫ㹻ˡ

ͣ
һͷ­ֱӷ˳ȥ
һԴҶתʣȻνһն
һǸͷֱָӱһΪȻȻɢ

һ̺޾ŭб£ţһϢѹ
ʣ
Ҷչʣ俴ʣ𣿡


1623 ҹ
³ç
ȷʵе³ç
ΪҶڵҵǿ߻ɱ࣬϶ǿߡ
ǣںΪҲΪһ˶ɱ
ûмֵģ
ߣһ㣬ǾǣֳǱԽ󣬾ͻԽõҸ߲ӡ˪ţʹ˪洳ڴĻҿ϶Ҳġ
Ȼǰмֵ
ԭıǻ׽࣬Ҫɹ˵ģǣǿߵĳ֣õ֪׽ǲˡԣֱѡɱ
ҶǾ仰˵ʵǹϢͻȻɢţһ߳ҶԶ
ǿߣ
Ҷ˫΢УʼתΪǰߵʵ±ѪҪǿࡣ
߿Ҷղ˵ʲô˵һ飿
Ҷ˵ͷһ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾߵǰȻ͵ذνһն
ҶֱӶ֣ʱһ̣΢΢һȻǰһĳ
䣡
Ƴһ˲ԲڵĿռֱӾһ·һ㣡
أ
һըҶֱӱһǧ֮⣬ȻʱͻȻһʧԭء
һֻأ
ӳֹԪ⾳һֻأ
֡
أ
ɢȴǱɿ⡣
ߵͷ˿Լ֣˿̣ѾĬһ˲̧ͷԶֽҶֹԪ⾳ɱ⣬⡣˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵλү
ҶԺͻ֪ˡ
ҡҡͷ㻵˹أԣڸһؽɵɡ˵ֳ꣬ǰһֳ̽һǿֱӽҶǰ
ʱҶȴǹʧԭأҶʧԭصһ̣ɫһ䣬ţһֱʧԭأٴγʱѾǧɿ⡣
ͣͫȻһţٴʧԭأͬʱһɿֲϢͻȻƬǿ֮ϯϢ֮ռڡ
Ϣ󣬳ƽ
ʱҶɡ
Ҷɳֽ
ԶҶڣźεһ˿ɵ
˴ʱĻͻ֣ᷢ󱳣׵Ľۡˣʱĺ󱳣ѾѪһƬ
ԶҶ俴һߣǲɱ㣬ף
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
ʱͻȻ㻵˹أɵŹ㣬ุĸҲŹ㣬ȥȻ
ʱҶͻȻͣ½ŲȻǾ
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
У߿ҶãĬԼʮϢһ׷ͻȻƾճߵԡ׷߿һߣȻ֣㾹Ȼˣ
ֵҡҡͷǲˡ
׷üëһ֪λү𣿡
ٴҡҡͷ֪٣֪ү֮Уûˡ
׷߳Ĭһ˲ȻλүȻǽɵǾͱøɫȻЩүΪǽɵں۸ˡ
ԥ£ȻСĵ㡣ӣǸƲ硣
׷ЦһЩүĸƲ磿
ֵ˵ͷȻһԶʬ壬Ȼտ²ưոݣǼΪŮġΣǰɱҡ
׷ҡҡͷˣֵ˭Ȼ³ֵλүȷʵĺһ·ֻصĻᶼѾͷ
ֳһļ룬һΣ֮еĿˡϧ˪Ѿͷж
׷ߵ˵ͷȷʵϧˡ˵Ѿ
֣

жʮ磬С磬Щ֮У½ҲΪ½ҵ磬Ҳܲ
ǡ
½һǣҲҵǡǺܴ󣬴ޱ޼ʡȻܴ󣬵ȴǼΪ壬ΪгҵһЩ⣬ûˡ
ǣֻҵһЩס
ҵȨģ
µעƽΪЩүصǡ
ɸ
һ֮Уλ˫΢գ붨
Уֻһˡ
ʱһͻȻ˴֮Уûۣ£
˳ˡɱߣһޡ
ԣͻȻ۾𣿡
˵ȷǺпܡΪү֮Уֻүǽޣүûȥɱࡣ
Ǿˣ
ֻսҾ֪ôûʵǿˡ˵⣬ˣûҵ䣿
ҡҡͷûСˣǵŽɵĳϵɱ࣬ԣڣɵĸҲ
ͻȻվǱڽɵҵǰҵȻΣա
˵˵ͷѾ˳ȥˡˣڣǼλүҲǼλүϵƺѾȥˡ
΢΢ͷƽ޹ʶһүүô򵥣ǵȻ档ֻǣǿ벻үѾǵӵĶӡ
ϵ𣿡˵
ЦһȻᣬֻҪ츳ǱǶϣοˣͳѪ˵ţˣֵһеһҪڽɵҵǰҵرǲҵȻڵʵ޷࿹⡣
ף
˵˵ͷȻתȥ
ȥ֮ԭλȻŽɵϵɱ࡭ʵѾɳ̶ֳȡ
˵⣬뵽ʲôɫ

Ҷûȥ½εĵ̣Ҳ½
ҵĿģǾС죬СĻǿ϶εУˣȻΡ
ȻϧǣûҵΡ
ǡ
ΪүϵԵʣԭѾ֧飬Ȼǣˣ޽ǡ
޽ǵˣߣͨˣˣڶ̶̵ʱڣѾ޸߰˰ˡ
ڳûҵεҶ˳ǣûȥǾվǳĿУǽǧɡ
ҶãͻȻν͵һ
ˣ
һͻȻڳ쳹𣬽ţһһǳǼȥ
ת˲
䣡
ֱӱһΪ
һ̣һͻȻϿ𣺡Σҹ
䣬һû֮С
䣡
˲߽⣡


1624 ¶еһ
һ˲
䣡
ǿϢͻȻұгת˲߳ҶԶλá
ǿߣ
Ϊ׵ҶǻɱСˣ
Ҷһ˸Ǽү
߳˵λү֪ڴȻδʼôڷ棬ɵ볤ϵǲᡭ
ʱһͻȻڳһ
ǻɫ΢䣬æһĳ
أ
ֱӱɣԵ߾Ҫ֣ȴ߸ֹ
ʱҶֵһ飬Ǽү
߿ҶãȻүһǰѾڿʼչأչأҵҲ֪ʱƤͻȻһΪҶҪ֣æԼ룬Ļ᲻𣿡
ԶҶĬϢȻģ
ҡҡͷֻ£ûʸ֪٣һ˿϶֪䡣
˵Ҷ
˵ͻȻ̧ͷԶʣȻˡ
䣡
ԲĿռͻȻһţһӰֱӳҶ
Ҷ˫΢Уתνһն
ʮնν
䣡
Ҷֱӱǧ֮⣬ǺӰֻ˲ɡ
Ҷ˿ԼЩ֣Ȼ̧ͷԶǧ⣬һ۵ӣϸ֮£ͻ֣ᷢмơ
ˣεĸףգ
Ҷλү
Ҷбָ棬Ȼ²£
տҶãȻ֮Ȼпᣬǣ¶һߵģɱ࣬ɱҲɱˣΪֻصĻᶼĨɱ
ҶҡҡͷͲ֪ˡҪ󣬿ܾŮӵˡǵңûҪġ
㾿˭ճ
Ҷʼ磬Ҫ𣿡
ճĬãȻȷʵҪ˭죬㶼
£ֱʧԭء
أ
ԶҶֱӳǧ֮⣬ͣһӰٴγǰ
أ
һըҶٴαǧ֮⡣
ٶ̫죡
쵽Ҷ
ȻҲǿߣʵһǿܹȵģѪԶԶգ
϶յĶ֡ϧֻؾ
ʧһ̣Ҷ˫ۻ֮ǰۿڣĿ
Ҷҽһ峯΢΢һȻνһն
أ
Ҷٴαǧɿ⣬ȻȴҲҶһٶ⡣
һΣûڳ֣˿Լƣʱֻʣһ룬һ룬ǱҶĽȥġĬһ˲̧ͷҶͨСˣ
һԵǿ߾Ҫ֣ȴǰ˰֣Լ
˵꣬ǰ̤һ˫ǰʮ
䣡
һǿϢͻȻӿ˳Ϣ£ԲڵĿռ类󿪵ˮһ㣬Ҽޱȡ
һ˲˫ֶҶλ͵һ𣬡ǧƣ
˫Ƴ
޴ӡͻȻֶӡֺ󣬳еĿռֱӱѿƬһ̶ǾҲһ㣡
Զ֮£Ҷ˫΢УҴ⣬΢΢һ֮ϣ˸ͬʱɱ¾ƾճܣɱ¾ļӳ£еĽһ㣬Ϸһ
ҶҪʱͻȻǰԶӡͻȻصһ𣬵صһһ˲
䣡
ԲڵĿռֱӺȻƬռֱһƬ
ȻʱԶȴɫȻһ䣡
ΪΧһƬڰʱķ֣ΧЩ밵ͻȻΧˣصӡֱӱΧЩ밵˺ޣ
֮
д󺧣һҪƬռڶȻЩˣƬռڶͻȻȻ󡰺䡱һըѿ
δ
һǿ߾Ŀ֮УһƬռڶȻ󲻶ϱըѣβֹͣһֹͣʱһӰֱǿռڶ֮е˳
Ӱɫʱһ䣡
ΪӰգ
ʱռΪǱȫ£˽ˣ֮⣬ұѾʧ۵Ļۣ˿̣Ѿȡ֮һѪ
ǰλãһŰƴϸСɫ˿̣źɫɢϸ緢˿ĺɫЩɫһ֩ճװ
տԶ֮Уţļɵ
ղţˡ
ǰŷղĻŷǵҼͣһֱûãΪŷǳǳٿԵֵǿһ
ŷס
ԶһƬռ佥ƽܿ죬Ҷյ˵С
ʱҶɫЩ԰ףǣȴ˷ܡղռ䣬õΧռһƬʱȻ֣ԼȻܹǸռڶ񵱳ƺڶһ
ϲ֣
Ϊռڶ֮УԿ԰밵˵ڿռڶ棬ʵʱһأˣЩ밵Լ
˵ڿռڶ֮Уһǿߣ
ΨһȽƵǣ̫ˡղſƬռڶֱӳˣȻղžбҲܹɱġϧǣˡ
ջ˼ҶһһУ˲ָ˽һóһ飬Ѿȫָ
֮򣡡
ʱԶͻȻһ㰵֮㾿˭
Ҷгջȥ룬һ֪ʲôط𣿡
ɫһ䣬Ȼ֮δʼȥǷأҹأ֪³
Ҷʼ磬֪Ҳֻ֪֪ӵ䡣˵ģѾûˣˣʧȥĺԼ֪һʲô
𣿡
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţһ׷һ߳˳С
ɵĳϣ
ǰ׷ĿҶϣǻؽɵһ˰ɣ㹻ͻԹԸǻȥ
Ҷҡҡͷȥ
׷˫΢УûĸүǽɵûУ
ʱԶҶͻȻʧԭأ׷ɫһ䣬Сģ
ԶͫȻһһ̣һһ
ͣ
һѪüʱӲ
ա
Ҷתͷǰ׷ߣ¶еһǰûУڣˡ


1625 ҾҪţŵף
ҶûӵˣҲûȥҵʲôɵ
ǣûа취
ɱʱɵֹ˵ɱɣɲŻɽһ̣֪ɵ϶Ź٣϶鷳
Ȼɵˡ

ɵͣģСȥͣȥģֻȡ衣ȻˣΪʲôҪɵӣ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣ҾҪţŵף
ҪҸ߲㿴ǱǱ㹻ʱţɵûˡΪǸʱҵĸ߲㣬ǲñ˺ġ
ȻǰǱ㹻
ҵĹأ϶ôôǣţչֳǱ㹻ʱܹҵϡ
Զǿ߼ҶȻҵƽɵнһĨ𾪣Ҫ֪ɵҵĵλЩȻġ˵һЩ⣬ҵˣЩүҪɵģ
˵ʹЩүɵӡ
ǰλȻҹȻƽɵ
Ҫһз˰
һԣǰ׷ɫҶ֪˵ʲô
Ҷ˵ͷ֪
׷߿ҶãȻ˵ͷһֱ̣ʧԭء
ڰ׷ʧһ̣ҶͻȻνһն
䣡
һըҶֱӱǧɿ⣬Ҷͣǰ׷߱ٴγǰţһǿϢɽ㳯Ҷѹȥ
Ϣѹ£ҶʱϢһϣоҪһ㣬ͬʱΧЩռֱŤѿ
ǿ
Ҷ˫΢У׷ߵʵһǿ֮ǰǸջҪǿ࣡
Ҵ⡣
䣡
ɱ¾Ҷϯɱ¾ֺʱ࣬Ȼʱǰ׷ͻȻһȭ˹
ҶҲû룬νһն£
䣡
׷ȭͷеǿֱӽҶسˣ׷߱ȴǲɽûбҶһˣˣ׷߷ϣҶǰȻٴһȭҶ˹ȥ
أ
ҶٴαһȭǧɣͣһĨѪʱ˳
һΣ׷ûڳ֣俴Ҷô㱾£
ҶĨĨǵѪȻ׷ߣ
£ֱӻһʧԭء
һֻأ
ӳɱ¾һֻأ
磬˲׷ǰһĿռѷ졣
ռ˺ѣ
׷˫΢Уֽճȭȭյһ˲ȭͷ֮ͻȻһɷţǰ͵ؾһ䡣
䣡
һǿֱӽҶǵû
¡¡
жʱһԲڵĿռһ̽ǾҲ
һԣǻߵɫޱȣȻû뵽ҶȻܹɵĳӲƴ
ܹϵģǶǰ̤ģǿߣȻûгԽﵽ֮ϣǣǵʵǾԲһǿܹȵģ
ڣǰλֻֻؾүȻܹ⼸ǰ̤ǿӲƴ
˿̣м˶ʼޱȺҶˡ
Զսڳ
һһȭӡڳÿһνȭӡײõóпռ󼤲ţռҪģǣǰ׷߸˲޸ˣҶ޷ÿռڶԸ׷ߣ
׷֮ǰȻûȵգǣȴ֪ôģΪʶѾҶյһսֻǱЩˡ
յʵȻ˶٣ԣҶڳŪһռڶµóܲסˣÿһοռҪʱΧռ޸ֻҪŪһƬռڶǾû̫顣
Ҷ֮ȡڿռڶĴСռڶԽ֮Ƶİ밵Խ࣬ҲԽ
ҶһʼȷʵٴÿռڶԸ׷ߣϧ׷߸ᣬÿҪռʱ׷߶ռ޸ޱȵƣ
սսţҶ·ˣӦ˵ѹˡ
ҲϾ׷ߵľʵҪԶġ
䣡
ʱͻȻһţһӰֱӱĵ˳ȥ
ӰҶ
һΣ׷û׷ֻϢסԶͣҶȻʵȷʵԣֻǣʵҽɵЦ
ԶҶһ۰׷ߣĬ
ʱ׷ֵȷʵе棬ΪʶļλүУû˭ӵɱ뽣⣬а֮Һ֪㾿Ǿλүеһλ
˵⣬һҶȻԼǺۣѣ
ʱҶͻȻ˽ϣ˸ͬʱһɿֲ⾳糱ˮӿ˳ܿ죬⾳ȫӿеĽ֮С
ԶһĻǰ׷ɫʱֻճȭȭϣ˸
δ֣ΧԲڵĿռȴǾҲ
һԣߵɫһݣȻҪŴˡ
ԶҶϢԽԽǿ󣬵ﵽһʱҶͻȻˡֻתνһնǰĿռֱӱ˺ѿţһԾֱӽǿռѷ֮С
ˣ
һĻ˽һ㶡
ˣ
ԴЩתҪ֪ղҶһҪսģģڣȴˡ
Զǰ׷ɫޱѿֱϷˣĸоûзϻһֱʧԭء
ߵ˾Ҫ׷ȥʱ׷ߵͻȻԶһ˱ӣȻȥһ¾λӣȫ²һ飡
ߵԥ£Ȼתһʧԭء
׷ԣʱ˿̣Ҳе֪Ҷݡ

ӣ
ҶȻҪӣֲɵ׷ƴ˵һ嶼ûУĿΡң˰׷ߣԱ߿ǻǿߵģ
ԣ׷˭ʤռˡ£ȻҪӡ׷ߵ˲֪ݣ
ϧЩ͹׷ߵٶʵˡ
ӺҶͣΪ׷߳ԶͬʱһǿϢֱӽΧǧڵĿռ䶼
ӣ
׷Цһ֮ǰǺ𣿲ҪһսҽɵôȴҪӣ
ҶĬһ˲Ȼͷһ
һ𣿡׷ߵ
һˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻҾͲˡ
䣬һӣѪֱӳ˰׷ߵǰ󣬵Ѫһ̣׷ɫʱޱѿ
׷ҶΪҵء

ҶҡҡͷˡĹҾ͵򲻹ģҾȺŹ
׷ߣ


1626 ɸ

Ҷûû׷ߵҲҪ˵ģ򲻹Ҫǲ
ҶֳֳҪ֣ʱǰ׷ͻȻβμģһоλλүȻǺϤҶǻ˽һЩġҿȷ㲻λүеκһˣ
Ҷ˫΢Уʲô˼
׷ֱҶһ㲻ˣ
ʱҶýסԼϢˣ׷߸ܲҶѪ
Ҷ벻ˣ𣿡
׷ЦһȻˣɱյ£ڲ飬ǻڲķʽ㲻ˣ¾Ͳڲ飬ɱˣ֪𣿡
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ֪϶ʲôƣǣ㱣ֻ֤Ҫ㲻ˣԼ̫
ҶĬһ˲ܿ죬߶ѪҺȻָһһѪҺɵǰ׷ߵǰ
ʱΪУûôɵȻԿңʱ˵ɱΣС죬Լܻܲһ⡣
׷߿ǰѪãȻˡ
ȻأҶ
׷߿ҶȻҲ֪㾿λүţҺܿͻ֪ˡСӣţɵξˡ
˵꣬彥
Ҷûж֣Ϊ׷Ѿ뿪ˡ
׷ߵȻ뿪ʵȻǿ󣬵ǣѪҶѾܵУڴȥܻύԣѡ뿪
ҶҲûȥ׷׷ǿߣԷҪߵĻκβáңҲɱ˰׷ߣ¾еˡûҪȥɵݣֵã
ԭأҶĬһᣬҪ뿪ʱͻȻұߣ
һ˲ܿ죬ĿռͻȻţ˲Զ
Ȼû
Ҷá
濴һҶȻȲ˵ЩˡȸһȥɣǻкܶҪ
ܶ飿Ҷ⡣
֪֮ζʲô𣿼˵ͺñ׵Ļλ֮ңʧܵһᱻնɱǣһᱻԶȨģӮǸȨЩˣҲٻ󡣡
ʲô˼Ҷ
ӣкôģʲôôȲ˵ԺֻҪ㵱ӣԴȸ㣬似ЩֻҪеģ㶼ҪΪʱһὫ㵱δ˵ֻҪ㵱ӣЩүĲ࣬ᱻԽԽ󡣡
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ㣬ЩˣҲõص㵱ӣ˵ҿ϶һøȨ
Ҷ˵ͷˡνģһ˵õȫ졣
΢΢ͷ߰ɣ㡣
˭Ҷʡ
Ĭһ˲Ȼ㸸׵£ҲǵߴԪ˧֮е𾴵㡣˵꣬תʧԭء
ҶĬһҲȥ
֪ҶҲǺ˽⣬ˣһ·ϲҶҵ顣
Ľ£Ҷ˽˸š
ȨģȻ峤峤죬ʵǿһˣҲϵǧǿļ֮һǳţţֱϵ֧ǿɡ
Щǿߣ޲һĳǿߣңǵĵλ峤ˣŻһȨǾǿԵ峤峤Ҫ˺飬Ȩ峤Ȼǰг˳ϵĳͬС
֮£ǽɵɵҲҾӢǿɡ׻˵ĺãймҹ棬Ҳмҹ棬Ǻܶҹ棬ǣҪЩҹ棬һ׵顣
ˣ˽ɵ
ڴҹˣɵȨն࣬ˣңɵȨҲǷǳġ
ɵ֮£ߴԪ˧ߴԪ˧߳ɵıҸ磬ͳǿߡߴԪ˧ֻ峤ǳţǽɵ޷ܵǡ
Ԫ˧֮£ʮսʮսҵмΪҪʮսٶңһǿߣ
ʮսĴţҲǷţӪǷŵͳ죡
ĴʮսҪػҵܲҲ½
Щһ֧ţһ֧صľţֻ֧峤֪
ܿ죬Ĵ£ǡ
ɸ
潫ҶһɸĵصңڣһһŮеĴԼʮ꣬һϯۣ˫ָ󣬹ݸ㣬ƽ޲
ӵԣһòΪϴһ˿Ȼòȴǰ͹̣Ϊȡ
ˣҶɫʱޱ
Ϊ˾Ȼɲĸо
˱ǽɵİ׷ϻҪǿ
ֱ
֮ϵǿߣ
ҶҺĿϡ
˺һᣬͻȻ򣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
΢΢ͷ֡
֣
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ӵ˼ԷҪʵ
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾӵǰţƽ̶
ɫƽһָҶеĽ֮ϡ
ˣ
أ
һţһɾ޴ֱӽҶǧɿ⡣
ԶҶ˫΢Уӵʵ֮ǰǰ׷ǿĿɲһ㣬Ǻܶ㣡
ʱֵ㡣
Ҷ΢΢ͷһֱ̣ӻһ򽣹ʧԭأͬʱһͻȻڳһռ価˺ѷ飬һĿռѷ˳С
ǵЯҶɱ¾ӵǰ
ɫɲ䣬ڽʮʱͻȻһָ
䣡
ȭҶǵֱӺȻѣȻʱȴ˫ΪҶ֪ʱıͬʱѾĺ󱳡
ͣ
һȻҶȴǲϲΪӲ֪ʱѾǧ֮⡣
һԣһҶһ˿졣
ΪһۣǺֻҪҡ
ԶӿһҶȻⰵ֮е㲻һȻܹϢ̶ֳȣһǿߣסһ
ҶҡҡͷϧǱסˡ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷûҪˡ
һУɺãʱһԵͻȻ
Ҷ˵ʱͻȻҶǰţ˫ͻȻתɲǼ䣬Ҷ˫۱ĴȻͬʯһ㽩Ӳԭء
Ȼˡ
ǽͨӵ
̫ͣͨҲã㿴˵ţָһһƾֱӻҶǰλá
͡
һѪҶǰȻҶȴ˫Ŀͣһ㷴ӦûС
Сĵ㣬Ūɰ׳ˡ
ʱһӰͻȻԶλãһ׳գ˵ûʲôá
ˣӻʱǺӰ΢΢һ


1627 ģ
Ӱڽ䣬ͬӰһ㣬ò
źӰ΢΢һȻģзִ硣
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һԣһ۹ޣҪ˵ʲôԥºû˵ˡ
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޵˫ѥĵĶ࣬ʹҵҲһΣˣƽʱҶУڹؼʱ̲á
Ҷ˵ͷˡˣЬʲôƷ׵ģ
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޿һ˴˱˴ˣ

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֮ǰ˵ĻȻ˵ġǸʲôȷʵǣԶԶ͹ˡɲǽͨڻ棬𣬻к
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֪ȥҲ⣬ȻԷΪˣԷڴע⡣ã滹ˣ֪ڵıǺֻ֪б
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ҶǷһĨЦǵĴΰɡ
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˵꣬΢˫ѥӶʱĽϡ
ӿѥ֮УȫӿѥӺһһֱ̣ʧԭء
ɲǼ䡣
ԲǧڣҶгҶ⣬ȻǲӰֻǣЩӰʵʡ
ٶ̫̫ˣ


1628 棬ޱ䣡
죡
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Ҷ׵жǿˡղŵٶĴﵽ˼ޡ˵߶˫ЬӵĻһǿ߸޷⡣
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Ҷ֪Ьӱǹ޶ֽţûйܣΪݾߡ
ȻԷҲԷöԷ
ԭػָҶҵС϶ʱСڱǱľɣ϶϶

϶ϦߵŮʫŮǶŬǻﲻҶǣǲǿ϶޷Ҷá

ǣκһǲĻֻŬȥﵽߵĲΣԴ˻ȡ
УҶССצһӣǱľʱҶǰһֱҶǰȻֻСצҶš
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ֱҶã


1629 ǲǺܾ
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ǧ˵ͷͳ˵꣬һʧʡ
ԭسĬãȻҲһʧԭء

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նν
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ܹ֮ʩչʮӵնνΪ˿̴߶֮Ȼֻؾ֮ЧС࣬ǣã
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ԶǷһĨЦԽսϷǳ˵ΣϷֻؾʱܹͬԽնϷֻؾɱңϵǧ棬ʮʮ֮УԲ㣡
˵ţǰ̤һһ̣ٴγҶվһָ
ָǰĿռͻȻһһ̣һǿͻȻҶǰĿռϯ
Ҷͫ΢ӿͬʱɱ¾ⲻӿһ̣Ҷ˫еĽǰ͵ؾһ
䣡
Ҷǰǹ͵ըѿĳǿٴνҶسˣһˣǧɡ
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ҶĨĨǵѪ̧ͷԶʱͻȻһеĳֱСϡ
ͣ
СϣĽ
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Ѫɫģ


1630 Ÿոտʼ
ԶЦţеı򲻶ϻ衣
бӵı޴£СԽԽãϢҲԽԽˡ
𣿡
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䣡
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䣡
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УڼҶɱﵽһ̣ɫޱȻ˶û뵽Ҷɱ⾹Ȼ
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Ϊǿǿ⾳ģǿԼɱɱġ
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ʱڻߵүҶΣ
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һԶҶȻʵ̫嶯˵⣬˶٣ֵҲʲôƣȿɣ
ߵ˵ͷȻɨһԶǼλүҲڡ
һԶɱ⡭Ǻǣ˵ǣ³ڵЩ̶Ѿˡ

ԶڼҶɱﵽһ̣ɫʱ

û뵽ҶȻﵽ⾳һɱ⡣˵⾳֮УɱǱȽģΪҪɱ㹻ˣҪɱ㹻ˣҪԼɱ㹻ǿǿ£
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ʱһͻȻ˳УߵǰһССġ䡱
ˣǽɵϣ

ҶЦЦȻŸոտʼ
£Ҷֿʼ
ͣ
ʱûεĺѪҶиš


1631 죬Ҳң

Զŭȣ£Ѿʧԭأܿ죬һѪ˹ȥ
أ
ֱӱɿ⣬ѪҲˡ
ȻʱҶĽѾûĺ֮СҶûмˣʱλš
Ҷԣ½迴һҶȻĨĨͷ亹ǿˣҶǲˡ
Ƣ
ǴүǷһĨЦݣǸӣе㲻ǡ
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ЦЦ뵱ӣ
Ϊʲôʡ
Ц뵱ӣͲôˡ˵ţĿԶҶϣһĨɫʣȷʵƢɵ飬ɲôöԸġ
Ը񣡡
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ԣ濴һҶû˵
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ԶڼҶκһ̣ǽɵɫʱһȻ֪֪ʲô
ʲô
ҶЦҵȻ֪Լʲô˵ţ΢΢һκʱٴμһѪûϾֻؾǿߣֻҪҶݻٻԴͲ
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ҶεĻǣȻǽɵϣɵڸҿЦζѳʱɵʲôղӲ㱻үɱʱɵʲôɱǣɵ˳ϲģǲ֪ų̂ԾҺ۸
Ҷǽɵɫޱѿ¾Ҫ֣ʱȴס֣ӻϡ
ٵĳһҶ꣬Ȼұ֤һĺܲң
ҶгͻȻֱָ٣ϲģ죬Ҳң

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˿̣ڳǽ֮ϣѾۼҵϾⷢô飬֮ǰҶɱôĶҶѾˡ
ҶȻὣǽɵϣЩѾȫˡЩеЩүڰеһЩ˶һҶ𾪵ˡ
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ڣ˾ȻҹȻƽɵƵģֻһ֪ү
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Ƭ֮Уưɫ۵ߣ˲һĿ䴦Ҷ
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Զɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ʱҶͻȻתͷϲߴһ䣬ھɢ
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ԼҲСĵ㣡½
Ҷ˵ͷȻת٣û´֮ԸҹȻɱңǽɵкˡĬ˵ģ𣿡
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ٵ˵Щ壿
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵû壡
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Զüͷ뵽ʲôɫͻȻһ䣬Сģÿռѣ
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ǵ쳹ΧǧѾѵĿռȻռһ̣һƬռڶͻȻͬʱһѪâ뽣ǿռڶ֮һ

һҽͻȻƬռڶ֮д
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ҶԶԶһüߡ
ǽɵӣ
俴ҶҲ˵ڶ飬ף
ʱҶҽͻȻ͵
أ
ԴʱѿѪĽ


1632 ô㣿

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˵⣬˶٣ֵϣȫһϣһˣҲŲҡԣһ㣬ڶһڣҲǼһǶ⣡
߿ԶҶˡʺ϶⡣
˵ͷȻҶܻһӵĸѡ
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˫΢УĬãȻ㡭ǲԸֻһ߰
߳ĬƬ̣ȻԶҶ𣿡
ҡҡͷڿûʸΪҵĿߡ
һߣǧڼҶɵԴһ̣ɫԼͬ
һ̣˶оһ˿ļ¡
һԵü۵ʹĬ֪ʲô

֮ϣЦ㣬Сӹ
ߵ˵ͷȷʵǲ֪ʵܲĵӣ
֪ˣЦЦȻ·Ҷ
·ڼҶߵԴһ̣Ҷɫʱһɿ񱩵ϢϢֱ֮ӽռطһ
һԣҶͻȻ̧һߵĸ߶ʱһӰӵǰţҶгֱָӣô㣿ҷ㵽ף
У뿴ӣ
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ǲ֣ǺʣԺ󣬽ɵϽȻ޴档Ժ϶ԽԽ˷ɵرЩѱү
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ɱһӰ٣
ӳǰ̤һֱҶԼ
ҶҡҡͷҴδԼҲδҪ߸ɵǣ˵⣬ҶɫƾʲôүҪɱʱǲ֣ҶҪɱʱȴܳ˵ɱƾʲôӺ۸ǲǣ
˵ţҶѪֱָһԵ飬ȴӣȻɵһʼ֣Ҳ֣үԼ֮ĶԹ
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ڴӦ֣ʣڷ䡣ɵ۵Ͼ͵Ȼ޴棡
ԣҶ˵ͷȻǾսɡݣ
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ʱԶͻȻǰ̤һ϶һ
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߾һţȭӡѿȻǽȴǺȻɢͬʱһӰеɶͬʱǵȭӡֱӺǵӰǰ
أ
ǵӰ˲䱻ɵǧɿ⣡
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ҶһͣǱٴһѪѪֱ̼ǰת˲ͱڵɱ¾֮ĸˡ
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ҶҡҡͷӡˣСĳ˭ңҲӲҪ֪ңɵǿ߿϶Ǻܶġ
ڣɵöȺŹΪɵҪӡһӣɵͿԹȺŹߣҺ䣬ήؽ˿
֮ܶӣ
ңҲӣ
ʱԶͻȻٴγǰ̤һү֮У㲻㲻ҽɵ֮λеϣڡ˵⣬ֻ̧𣬡գҾͷ㣬ӵһأƣɵϣܴ
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ǰĿռͻȻͬһܿ죬ɿռ䲨˲Ҷλú˹ȥ
ԭأҶ˫΢УĬһ˲һĨһ̣ǰ̤һɲǼ䣬һصܡ

ֺ󣬳Щ𵴵Ŀռʱ类һ㣬ĳٶʱҶͻȻһʧԭأת˲Ƭ֮ݺύ
ͣ
ڽѹ£ҶЩʱһƬռиֻһ˲䣬ڵĿռǱҶ˺ѳһ޴ռڶڵĿռɿռڶ֮һ˽֮ڣ
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һԣһĻɫ䣬Сģ
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ʱһһȥܿ죬Ƭռڶ˵ע½ָ
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˿̣ҶֻұѾˣǰѾȫ˽ȥޱȡ
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гͷΪһԵӿûʲô⡣Ǻܿ죬ɫǱˡ
Ϊõģ
壡
壬Ҳ˵ˣ
ˣӵһѪâ
ɱ⣡
ѾҶɱƣ
ʱҶͻȻתͷУɵô㣿
Ĭһ˲һͻȻԳдô㣿
ң
ҶǷһĨһֳ̣Զһա
䣡
ԶǰӵɱȻըѿ֮ըѵģӵ꣡
ҶֱӳУô㣡


1633 ˭ã˭

ţ
һΣҶڴɵڲȽɵˡ
ɱɵˣˣֱǽɵĳ븱
һΣɵߵˡ
Ҳ뿴ģӦ˵˶ֻϾɵƽʱǷǳŵġңɵרŸɵľǵ˵飬ԣμɵԱлڰˬģ
һνɵܰƽҶ˵ԺɵҵϽȻ޴棬Ժ󽫻ԽԽ˲ɵӣ
ϵΪβ֣
ĳͻȻһһ벽澳ôʧˡ
΢΢ҡͷǲ֣ܳ
ΪΣ߲⡣
ԶҶһΣɵΪүҶʱǾ͸óֹġǣûУ鸸ӳ֡ҶûʵɱҲͰˡǣɵû뵽Ҷʵǿ̶ֳȡ֮ǰٳվһʱעǽɵҪﻢˡ
˵⣬˶٣ֵϵɵվڽɵߣǾζţҪҶˡ룬ҶԸϵվڽɵߣģضԶңѳң㲻ѳңҲضԽɵ볤ϵĴԹޡûɵ볤ϵԺأ
΢΢ͷȻϵҶ
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ǷһĨЦݣҶֻֻؾȴն벽澳ﵽ벽澳أ
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ʱֵң˭ã˭ͽõ֧֡λҶɵڵìܣţϵͬҶλ㽫Ҷնɱ
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У˫΢У˫ȭԵǹǧüͷҲ
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Ϊߣǽɵɣ
ɵ
볤ϵ峤һɵڴ˵еΪ˶ûмǡڣû뵽ɵȻԳˡ
ɵɣҶԵ½ɫޱ澳ǿߣ
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ҶɣĬƽˮǣڵڶȴǿ
ߵҶǰɵľʱͣһҶȻ˵ͷѵãѵãСûеõԴܹɳĵزܲ
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Уס
ս
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Ǵʱ˵뷨Ҫ֪ɵǿ澳ǿ߰
澳ǿȻǧļޣǧ棬Ҳڷëǵġңϵ澳ǿ߶ûг
ڣҶȻսһ澳ǿߣҶֻؾ
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Ҷһ̣Ե½һ㶣˹亹ٴ
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֮ϣͻȻЦ˼ˣСһԽԽ˼ˡ
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ĬϢɵʵе棬澿ʲôԭ˵š
Ҷʼ磬ûʲôԭֻû·𣿡
΢΢ͷҽɵҲû·ˡ˵⣬Ҷôɱ㣬ЩϧԣΣһУܽһУҽɵ֮ĶԹһʹΣ
ӲأʱһԵ½ͻȻ
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Ҷֱɣ֪ɵҪүĻҽ϶޷ɱǡǣԺأˣСرңұضҽɵʧ
һԣɫĬ֪ʲô
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Ҷ˵벻˵㶼飬𣿡
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ҶҺ⣬ֻǣԼ飬ͱˡߣȻиɶô͵øˡ
½ҡҡͷߣĹȥ˵ģǲһ򽻵ģΪʱ̫ˡأʱֺܹ˼ֻع㣬ڿ¶Ȼ㹻˼½Ҳܲ˼
˵⣬תͷһɣȻֵȻе㺦ˣû취ߣ綪˰
Ҷ½ãȻҪ˰ﵽףҽһУ
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˵ţǰ̤һȻһָҶվһ㡣
ָеһз·𶼾ֹˡţ˵Ŀ֮УǰĿռ俪ʼʧһűȼֽһ㣬һʧ
Щռ䣬Ǳʧϵʧ
𣿡֮ϣ
ųĬһ˲Ȼҡҡͷ֮Ķע֣Ϲֿ϶Ҳ᲻ϧһеնɱɵȻ֮£ǣҲԵ޹ʴǵϾڹƽ
˵ͷ˵
Уڼǿռʧһ̣Ҷ˫ֶʱ
Ӳ£
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ʱһ׹С׳ҶǰҶգգۣȻһЦţֻСצһ̯һľצС


1634 û뵽ô
ľ
ҶǰСľסˡһ̣ľȻæС͵˺ڣΪʱĿռ䶼Ѿʧĸɸɾˡ
ռȻԵ޹ʧ֮ԻʧΪһصڳӹ
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Ĭһ˲Ҷ΢ɱ⾡ӿڣţΧЩֺûƽӳľľԼǾһȻЩյĸɸɾ
Ҷһеľһ̣˫ۻʱǹ֮Ѿӵǰɴˡ
һ˲ҶͻȻ˫ۣţ˻һʧԭء
һֻأ
һĽһĽ
Ҷʧһ̣ΧĿռͻȻţһ˵Ŀ֮гɵλüȥռֱӲ𣬲Ѹٳܲɢֻһ˲䣬ԲڵĿռѾȫ
ˣʩչǹ֮ڽֵһ̣ͻȻͣԭأţǹ֮ʼɢ类˿ıһ㣡
ʵһĻǸûпģΪҶʧһ̣ٶ̫̫ˡֻЩʵǿ˲ſҶĹ켣
˿ģ֣ռţһɵǰ
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ľĵһ̣˵Ŀ֮УԲڵĿռ˲ѿͬʱֱӱ˫Ŵŵ泯ˡ
ֵһ˵ǣ˫Ŵŵ泯˲ɺΧǧڵĵͻȻʼݣֻһ˲䣬ͱһ޴ԨԨصףڲϱš
Ϊɽж˵Եʣ
˿̣˶Ѿʯԭء
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˵꣬תͷҶҲԡ
䣬һֱʧԭء
ʧһ̣һԵ½ɫͻȻһ䣬Сģ
½һ̣ҶתͷԶʱһӰԼٶȳű
Ӱ顣
ڽɵûлɱҶһ̣֪ԼͱɱҶҪɱҶھõʱ
Ϊ˿ɵӶܹó˿̵ҶѾѣһʵȥ߰ˣʱ򣬱˵ǿߣһֻؾǿ߶ܹ׻ɱҶ
Ҷɫһ˿̣ûѣڵ״סȫһɲѡԴС
׼ƴһʱʱһɫǹͻȻʵɫǹٶȼ죬˲ײһ
䣡
˵Ŀ֮Уֱӱһǹǧ֮⡣
ת˲˶ҶǰҶǰһŮӡ
ŮӲǱˣǰϾ
ǿѾͷ
֮ϣſŰϾһǻûʲôˮֵǿߣѾͷ˭
ŵҲǳ˵ʣĿⶼ˰Ͼ֡
ȻϾȴǿҶû°ɣ
ҶЦЦ㲻Ҳˡ
ϾתͷԶ飬ҪĻģ
ϾĻٴס
ҪĻģ
Ůǲ̫ˣ
ҶҲ΢΢һһ۰ϾȻġ
Ͼ΢΢ͷʮУ
䣬һֱ̣ʧԭأʧһ̡
䣡
ԶͻȻһըţ˵ľĿ֮Уֱӱɵǧɿ⣡
˴󺧣
ʱϾͻȻٴʧԭء
أ
Զٴαɣһɣǧɣ
֮ϣһۣнһĨ𾪣
·һ󣬰Ͼҽһ棬ٴʧԭء
أ
ٴαĳ󵹷ɳȥһΣ˽ǧɲͣͣǱһĨѪĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷϾ˭
Ͼû˵ֱָ̧飬һ̣ԭһתȻ͵ؾһ
һڳһ
ǲ
һͷʱͻȻڳתͷһԵ顣
Զɫ䣬ȻæһƳǰĳ
ͣ
˵Ŀ֮УǱǹֱӴƣǹ̺֮ǿֱӴ鳯󷽵ɶȥ
أ
ֱӱǱǹ˳ǽϡ
ûл֮
Ű
ˣ
ҶϾ˵ʮеģֻС
ϾһԶ飬ȻҶû뵽ô˵⣬˶٣ֵҲųĳѡ
Ҷ


1635 㲻Ҫս
ĳ
ֻĳͽһûʲôˮֵǿߴĺ޻֮
Ͼһ̣ɫЩѿˡȻ𺳣
ɲһǿߣǿߣһǿܹȵġ
Ҷƽʱ䲻֮£ܹһɱǿߣǣȴ޷ɱ飬Щͨǿߵ
ʵɱ£µǰϾȫѹ飬ֻĳȫѹ飬֮û
ǺεȵĿֲ
˵ΧЩˣҶоЩֲˡϾʵǿе㲻ˣ
ϾȴûйΧЩ˵Ŀ⣬ֱҶԣֶһս
ҶҪʱ
ҶɨһܣȻڵأţóһö£ʼˡ
ңĿɲֹүˡ
ʱѾȫָҲ׻ָղʧȥұҲѾָ޸ٶȣһ
ҶվȻǳǽ£ڳǽϣүҲţһǹš
Ҷ
ĿҶϡ
ҶĿεϣ˿̣Ѿû֮ǰİеֻǱ뾪֡
ѻ٣壬ҶֵĻⱲֻصĻᶼûСߣҲֻأ׼ȷ˵ǲ
ڻеûġ
ʱҶͻȻһһԲԶ顣
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ֱӱѿȴǻڡڣ˶塣
ҶʲôҶ
ʲô
ҶЦЦ²£
ҶһΣԡ
ԣ
ҶЦЦб²𣿡
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ӾҪ
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ž
һʱһŤ
ʱҶȴһ޻ӳһıεϡ

ûǶ²ҽ
ȻҶδд޲ϻӶĴ޻ӶжʱһžžεĲҽ
ң
ǳң
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ģ꿪ʼˡ
һ̣˶ˡҶҪүĻǴɢ
ʱͻȻ̧ͷŭЩһԼûйҲпͣ͵ôļȣ
ʣûлӦ
ҶҲûͣ£Ӷеıӡ
ͻȻȻһЦȻɨһܣǿ𣿿𣿼ôԴǵģôȱСʱͿʱǰԼٶ顣ңң
ΧĬ
ʱһͻȻҶԶߣϾʱҶԣȻһ˿أȴη֮ɫ
벽澳
ҶûйܻߣбӼӶš
ڼʱʱԪ˧ҸķϣȣȾζ
ߴԪ˧֮һԪ˧߸Ԫ˧֮У
ſ飬΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ڲ˽˵ĵϸʱ򲻿óȻ֣Ϊ˵ʵܻԶԤϡ
΢΢ҡͷ˵Щˡȷʵǵ͹ҶʵʼҶҲֻؾѡ»ʮǿߡݣֻҪҶҳ֣Ҷɣ
Ȼˣ
һ̽䣡
΢΢ͷȻһԵҶܷŹǣ
ҶͣȻתͷţܡ
΢΢ͷȻţϷҲΪУǣҵ£ϷܼȣϷǳ֣ض᲻ϧһдնɱ㡣
˵⣬ȴ̧ͷա
ȻⷬǶ֮ϵ˵ġ
Ĭһ˲΢΢һţ˳С
ſһţû뵽ϼһԸ
ŵ¿ܾĵûɢˡ
ſһ۳ǽϵΣȻǾȡ
Ҷȥɱ飬棬ɵͻ֡ϧҶȳ֣ȶҶ֣Ȼȴǵ͹Ҷʵһɱ
ȡ
һΣүˣ
΢΢ͷ֪ǣ֪ģҲܿԣ
ųĬһ˲ȻҶΪֹˣԣ
Ҷҡҡͷԡ
նʱ
Ĭһ˲ֵõΪֹˡ
ҶҪӶӵͣţ֮ǰŰʱΪʲôû˳˵Ϊֹˣ֮ǰҪŰɱʱΪû˳˵õΪֹˣΪʲô
ųĬãȻΪֹΪãף
Ҷţλǰǳϵģ
ŵ˵ͷ
ʱҶֵϵɵһ֣Σ
˫΢Уʲô
ҶתͷΣ˭ֹң˭ҵĵˡɱұ֤ԺҲһɱһ
ǷҪֹأʱͻȻ
ҶЦЦȻϾߡ
˵ţ˵ϣȻתȥϾȥһԵ½Ҳæȥ
Ҷһ˳Զȥ
һۣһ̣ſҶǲˡ
Э
Эˡ
ΪЭҶ϶ͻ뿪ң㲻뿪ңҶԸ϶ԳϵĴԹޣȻҶ޷ⳤϵԺأ
һﵽʱϵУ¶Ķˡ
˵ǳϵޣ
ԶҶͣ½ŲȻתͷţʱֵȻԼԼһкԼ𡣡
˵ţֿһԵţҲһ
˵꣬һʧԭء
΢΢ͷҶһ̣óһŽɫ飬ת˲һɲǼ䣬ʮͻȻԳгת˲ʮɫףֳֳǹĿӳ
ȫ
ʮӶ΢΢һȻʮսǹӪԪ˧
ͬʱڳǽ֮ϣͻȻʮ̼ӣ
ȫ
ʮ̼𳤹Ȼ·΢΢һʮս̼ӪԪ˧
õã
ʱͻȻ𣬽ţɫףͷ״ԳԾ˳ͣ
˶΢΢һ񣬡ʮսӪԪ˧
ʮս
ߴԪ˧ǰԪ˧Ȩʮսһֻ֮ܵһ
ſҶ㲻Ҫս𣿡
Ҷһ۰Ͼ𣿡
Ĭһ˲ϾͻȻһС
ݣ
ǽϵǱʱɵС
Ͼֳָ죬ɨһŵˣȻҶҪĻģ


1636 д
ҪĻģ
ٴαϾĻ𾪣
죬ʮ
ʮɲһЩʮսҵľӢǿ߰
Щûˮֵģ˵ÿһ
ʮǿߣһ벽澳ǿ߰
һ벽澳϶ʮݣԺɨˡ˵磬澳ǿ߿¶ܹΧɱˡ
ⰲϾֻֻؾ
ֻֻؾ
һԣ½迴һ۰ϾƤֱŮˣе찡
е򶨣ʵڶˡ
ʮһ벽澳ǿߣݣ˾
ҶŰϾãȻҪġ
Ͼ΢΢ͷȻתͷţһֱ̣ʧԭءٴγʱѾŵǰţ͵ش̳
ǹף磡
˫΢УֽճȭȻһȭ
䣡
һը𣬰ϾŸԳˣܿ죬ϾͣŻˡ˽ʮʱͣ
𾪣
𾪣
УĿ˰ϾϣеѾԸӵĵز
ڰϾ֮ǰŰʱ˾֪ǿǣû뵽ôǿ
ſǰ벽澳ǿ߰
Ȼһνȴ·磡
ԶɫҲǽϾʵҲǳ
棬Ͼͣҽ΢΢ˣżڵ棬ֻս죬һ̣촽£
£ҽŽż͵һɣɲǼ䣬˻һⱩ֮ռֱӱ˺ѿޱȡ
Զ˫΢Уֽճȭȭյһ̣ΧĿռֱŤһ˲͵سǰһȭ
ǲ
ȭΧռֱӹѿ
ʱϾ
䣡
ͻȻһţһɿֲ͵֮ǰվλɢ˿ת˲ǹ˱Ǳһ˺ѷ顣
˲ָƽ
ʱϾվԭλãȴѾڰɿ⣡ˣֻұѾȫѿѪ̼ǽֱֻ۱һֻѪۡ
ڶν棬ٴ·磡
ʱԶİϾͻȻżһ㣬ɲǼ䣬ͬһֻɵĺһ˳Ʈ˹ȥͷһɵľʱ˫͵ؾһն飡
ǲ
Ͼһ̣ԲڵĿռֱӹѿ
Ͼ·˫΢Уޱأһ̣һһɫԲܳУţնܳ͵һ϶

һ̶ڳжȻ𣬽ţ˵Ŀ֮У˴ܳˣһˣٶɲͣ
죡
ʱٴ˰Ͼ
˿ϾֻϾ΢΢һֽ࣬죬żһʮһԭתȻԶ͵ؾһ
ͣ
컯һ֮ռ価˺ѷ顣
Զͫ΢Ҵ⣬һɿֲϯͬʱеڶֱӷ˰ϾеǱ죡
ţ˫ֳǰ̽Ȼ͵سǰһ˫ƳΧĿռֱͬ˳һǰ𵴶
أ
ڶܸӴֱըѿٶȲŵȥ
͡
һƬ˿ռʱײƬ˿ռֱըѿȻٶȴɲ
䣡
ʱһƬռ䳹׷鿪˵Ŀ֮УһӰƬĿռ֮еɶ
Ӱţ
ڷһǧɺͣصһ̣µĴֱӱ̮ͬʱ˫Ŵŵˡ
˽ɺͣͣбһھѪ

һž
˵Ŀⶼ˰ϾϣһΣѾ𾪣ˡ
ֻؾϵǧУǺϡ飬ֻؾնɱǿ߶ʲôرϡ顣ǣֻؾսʤ벽澳ͷǳǳϡˡ
ⰲϾսʤѹ
ֻؾѹ벽澳
˿̣˶ں氲ϾˡΪڴ֮ǰ˲ûмϾҲûϾ
֮ϡ
ĿڰϾϣĬһųŮ¾ңһܹʤ
˵ͷ»ʵʵ
˵⣬ɫ
ĳ
Ůǿǻ߳
ԶİϾãȻǿ
Ů˭һߣ޿Ե棬ʡ
濴һԶİϾȻҡҡͷ
޿һ棬û˵
Զ
ĨĨǵѪȻԶİϾֻؾǺǣҴδԼһᱻһֻؾѹơãܺãȻǳǰˣ
˵ţǰ̤һ£˵Ŀ֮УһɵѪâܣͬʱͻȻһѪɫ
Ѫܣ
һ̣ȫѪܶѪܹһ̣Ϣʱǣͬʱ˫ҲʼѪ졣
Ѫ֮
ħѪ
Ѫ֮ˣ
֮ϣųһҪƴ˰
ȻҪƴ
ԣ㵭ǲƴܾ͵ùˡŮûгȫ¾Ѿǿȫ˵⣬˶٣ȻֵĲֹ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷ£ֹˡ٣ֹˡ
ҡҡͷû˵ˡ
·
ħѪ֮ŵʵʱ˲֪٣ɢǿϢֱӽΧЩռطһޱȡ
̧ͷԶİϾǷ֮ɫ
£ֱʧԭء
ԶϾ˫΢Угǹ͵ش̳
أ
һը𣬰Ͼֱӱɿ⡣ͣǧɵֱӹѿһԼٶȳӶȥ
ʱٴʧԭأʧһ̣ΧǧڵĿռʱһ
ٶ̫Եɵģ
ԶϾٴαɿ⣡
㲻Ǻǿ𣿡
ŻŰϾȥÿһΧĿռǾһ
һԣҶҪ֣ϾȴҡҡͷԼ
˵ţ쵽ԺץסԼβȻԼĲϡţճǹȥɱ㣬д
ˣ


1637 
У
סɱ߶Ѫ֮ţ
ò˵һΣ˶ðϾ˵Ļеˡһţǣǣֻһֻؾ
˿ʱţܹɱģϵǧǼ⣬ֻ澳ǿˡ
ɱң
㶣ȻЦЦƬ̺󣬡ɱңǿЦСŮޣҳϣʵǿǣɱң˵㣬澳ǿҲѲɣ澳ǿ߻ǿ
Ͼûзϻǰ̤һ䡪
䣡
һɿֲ⾳ͻȻڱӿ
ȭ⣡
Ԫȭ⣡
΢΢һ漴ҡҡͷԪȭȻҲǿˣǣҪƾԪȭɱţǳ˵Ρ˵Ԫȭ⣬ȭⶼУ
ԶǷһĨĵƣ
Ͼû˵ȥ󡪡
䣡
һ⾳԰Ͼӿ˳
ս⣡
Ԫս⣡
ֹԪ⾳
һ̣ɫЩ⾳һǹԪȷʵеˡɲðϾΪҶ⾳һֻ
ҶҲ޷ɱһѪİ벽澳ǿߣ
ԶЦ⾳ѵã𣿡
䣡
ʱһ⾳԰Ͼӿ˳
ǹ⣡
Ԫǹ⣡
һ̣ɫˡ
⾳Ȼϡ棬رϡ棬Ϊǧ棬⾳ˣ١ǣ⾳еϡˡҪ֪һ޷һ⾳ģ
ˣҪҲޱѵģҪ⾳Ǿ͸ˡ⾳Ѷȣһܹġ
ʱϾ⾳ǹԪ
ԶǵЦˡ
Ȼδʱһ⾳԰Ͼӿ˳
⣡
Ԫ⣡
һ̣ס
Ȼʱ⾳԰Ͼӿ˳
֮⾳
֮⾳
ǹԪ⾳ֹԪ⾳
һ̣ѾľһԵŵЦѾ׽סУţ
⾳
ֹԪ⾳
˵⾳еţ⾳Ѿܹݵˡ

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ӽԺϵǧһ֮Уڶһˣ
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ʱϾΧ⾳ͻȻʼںϣ˵Ŀ֮У⾳ںϳһȫµ⾳
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Ѿ𾪣𺳣ޱȵ𺳣⾳ںϣޱޱȵѵģ⾳⾳ҪѡΪÿһ⾳ԼԣҪֲһԵ⾳ںϣǺεȵĲף
Ҫ⾳໥ںϣѾǲףǷǳǳˣ
ڣϾںˣ
ʱϾͻȻͣȻתͷҶǵʱ˵һһûɵ𣿡
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Ͼ΢΢ͷˣ
˵ţǰ̤һ
䣡
Ͼɢǹ⾳ϢȻǣܿ죬˵Ŀ֮Уǹ⾳ϢԽԽǿԽԽǿ
ǲ
ʱΧڵĿռͻȻѿ
һ̣۾Բˣ˿Ҷ۾ҲԲ

⾳
֮ϣſŰϾúȻŮ޵츳ܲ˪֮¡
ԣ˵ͷȷʵ
·Ͼɫѿ˼㣬֪Լִ˵ˡ
䣬һˣóˣʣϾˣ
ʱԶİϾżͻȻһ棬ɲǼ䣬ͬһ֧ҵļһ
ǲ
Ͼ֮ռֱӹѿɢǿ⾳ֱӽԶˡ
ԶһĨɫϵѪâԽԽǿһ̣ҽ͵һ̤˻һâ
䣡
ԶռͻȻһһڳкȻ쳹ţһӰֱӵ˳ȥ
Ӱţ
ʱԶеİϾͻȻųǹ͵һ
ǹһڳһ
ͣ
˵Ŀ֮УǹֱǲŵҼ紦ţǿų󵹷ɶȥ󣬳ǹֱӽŶԶǳǽϡ
ʱϾҽһգ˵ҪӽʱһֻɫļͻȻƿնǰϾ˫΢Уһȭ
䣡
ȻѣȻʱһ֧ǰˣ֧ĺ棬а֧֧βһɫ磬ֱ̰Ͼ
Ͼܣֳǰ̽һֻ̣ƶǰռ͵ؾһ
һǿк
䣡
ͻȻһ֧̼ȻѣǰϾȴǱ̺ǿǧɣ
֧˾ǿߵһѾ֮ǰŵ
һԣϾͣһǹƿնϾɫ䣬һȭ
䣡
ǱǹֱӱĵɶأʱһǹǰϾһĨ⣬΢΢һֳ࣬ǰһ̽һֱ̽ץסǱǹǿˡ
˻һɵľͣţԭһתȻеĳǹԶ͵ؾһ
⣬һɫһ䣬æ̽ͬҲסǱǹǣսǹһ̣ɫʱ䣬Ϊǿֱõֱֻ۱ѿ
ǹֱ룬ֱӲǰǹֱ˲幫ʱͣˣΪһֻץסǱǹǹ
̺ǿȴǽصɶһɣǧɺͣͣȻڲϺˣֱײڳǽϲͣǴ˿̣ǹѾ壬ǳǽϣ
ԶϾӳǱǹһԾŵλó˹ȥܿ죬ӵǰһ̣űǹ̳
䣡
ھȫһ£Ͼٴαǧɿ⡣ʱǾ˾Ҫٴγ֣ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţһûǾ֮С
䣡
أת˲ǱһѪâѪâ֣̺ǿɱֱӽǾسɡ
ϾߵҶԣȻһС
ݣ
ԶǳǽϵʱһɵУţҶô㣿
Ҷ̧ͷԶĶʮսȻ


1638 
˿̣˶˳С
Ҷ밲ϾҲǣʱǳͻȻ˿ţһ˳
ʱǶʮλսʱӵϥ¹Ȼͳ죡
ͳ죡
ʮսͳ죬棡
ҶɫΪ棬澳ǿߣ
һλ澳ǿߣ
ɨһǶʮλսȻ΢΢ͷɡ
ʮλսȻ󹧾վ
濴Ͼһ۰ϾȻƺˡ
йϵϾʡ
Ȼ
ҶүԪ˧Լʮսô֣Ƕڲ顣ǣˡԸˣǲԼڲʽԴģ𣿡
ӣ
ʱҶͻȻ𣿡
ϾһҶû˵
濴һҶȻ˵ͷҵĶϱȻ㡣˵ţ˶٣Ȼֵ͵ΪֹˣΣΪȥҶ˲ˡ
ǿ߶˵ҲǱȽٵģ͸˵벽澳ˡҶ밲Ͼɱȥⳡжʮսܻȫû㲻ȫû϶Ҳپųɣ
ʮսҶ˲
ҶĬһ˲ȻôΪֹ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻֳ̧Ҳһĳ
䣡
Զǳǽ֮ϵȻѣޡ
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ҶתͷԶԶϾ˵ţʱҡҡͷҹϽΧڣûȨɱҪɱҲֹǣҽô
˵⣬˶٣ֵϾڻ
Ҷ˵Ժ᲻ᱨң
˵ͷᡣ
˶֪ᣬΪһԪ˧ҶүһҶӣӦ˵һպΪҼʱŵ³Σ
ԣſ϶᲻ϧһд۳Ҷ
һԣҶ˵ͷҲ֪ᡣ䣬ٽԶһӡ
ͣ
һʱƳճżȥȻǵҪʱһ׷ͻȻŵǰţһӡ
䣡
Ҷǵʱըѿת˲ޡ
澳ǿߣ
ּ澳ǿߣ
׷俴һҶҽߴԪ˧֮УڶҪպ󾡹Ѱҡ˵꣬һֱʧԭأ֮ʧģһϢš

Ҷ˵ͷҼסˡ˵꣬Ͼ߰ɡ
˵꣬Ҷһ˳ųȥҪʱͻȻ̧ͷ֮ϣȻֵҲүӦҲԼרĸۡ𣿡
գĬһ˲һȻ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ밲Ͼ½˳С
Ҷ뿪תͷɨһԶȻλүϷӦÿ˰ɡ
û
ʱǻͻȻ治ԶЦЦⳡϷܾʣ𣿡
浭ļ룬ţ֮Ӿʣ𣿡
˵ͷⲻ𣿡
˵ܺãǶλү¾ûôˡ
΢΢ҡͷȻЦ֮ǲпġͳ죬ǡ˵꣬Ļʧԭء
ʱһҲ˳϶˱ȭҪ뿪ʱһͻȻߵܣôô͵ˣ
תͷȥֻһֳۣȵ
壡
ү
ߵϵǰȻЦ֪ߵʧˡλ³ֵʮءԭһ뿴ߵ֣ܳչϧߵȴͻȻĵ͵ˡѲɣߵҶ
俴һ壬ģ
ҡҡͷߣû⳰˼ĸһûôģĸ㣬¡ҲˣҶԼʵǿ߻Ůӣ
ϳĬ
ʱֵҸطģ
ϳĬƬ̣Ȼתȥ
һĻǶʱһĨЦݣȻһʧԭء
濴Զ俴һǸλãһ̣һץ
䣡
һռŤת˲˳
ĿֱϣȻΪʲôҪ
Ĭ
俴棬㲻ǴãҾԱ㡣˵꣬תֱʧԭء
ǶʮλսҲһʧԭء
ĬãȻҲʧԭء
Ů˭޳Ů츳ţҶߡ
ǧĬ
ϾչֳǱʵֲ̫ˡǣʵҶΪ֮ˡ
ܿ죬Ͼֺܿ촫ϵǧ棬ҶȫϾĹâˡʵûаϾĻһγģ϶Ҷ
ϧаϾ
Ҷ
һΣҶԼĸۡûҿɲרЩүûЩүԼ£඼ԼԼ£ǿߡ
ҶʲôûУ
ԼҶ󣬰ϾһҶϿգȻգԣ졣
½Ҷſڡ
ҶҶһҶͽ˺С
սҶһ㶣ΪΧƮİɫЩŨѾﵽʵʻ

Щɫȫ
Сף
϶С׸ɵģ
Ҷһʧԭأܿ죬ҵСסСǰõС죬ʱСС첻ϵĿޣ۽
Ե϶Ρ
ҶߵС׵ԣС̧ͷһҶգգۣһֱ̣ӷɵҶǰȻҶɲǼ䣬Ҷֱӱһɰɫû
Ҷ
˺һᣬҶİο£СײŽƽҶСףǰС죬ʱСѾԣû취֮ǰܵʵʵ̫ˡ
˵ǺĻСѾʧˡ
ϧǣС壬ܴ꣬ȻҲҪЧЧȴûô󡣲ȻͿԻСˡ
Ĭһ˲ҶС뿪˺ȻһʧҶ
Ҷ뿪ҶϾ½Ҳæȥ
ܿ죬Ҷɸҵ档
Ҷֱ棬֪ô׻ָ𣿡
Ĭһ˲Ȼľľɴ洢꣬ǿ꣬ꡣ
ҶУ
ݼң
ǼĿǰΪֹ֪Ψһһš
Ҷתߡ
ȥģ
ݼң
ҶͷҲء
ݼҲǣ嶯æ
ȥǽ
Ҷ£Ѿʧ˳С


1639 Сף轣һã

΢΢һȻһʧԭء
ɸ⣬ٴסҶ
ֱҶ֪ʵǿŮԣǣݼҲǣף
Ҷ˵ͷҶǣס
ǻҪȥʡ
ҶһۣȻֲȥȥ衣
Ҫǲأʡ
Ǿ͵Ҷ
͵أʡ
ǾҶֱ档
۽΢ҶãȻݼҶһ٣ǡ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ˴ңӮǿңǣ֪ӮңȥǿݼңӮңӵܣȥǿݼҡ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ҡҡͷԭ֪ݼӵܵʵǿ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵תߡܿݼжأжǿҪȥԡ
ҪٴȥʱϾͻȻǰϾ俴һ棬Ȼתȥ
棺
ܿ죬Ҷ밲Ͼ½뿪ǡǿ֮УҶ½裬½֣лҾͲ˵ˡպ£ֻһܶԶ£Ҷضϵ
һΣ½飬̫ˡҪ֪ңһŪãǻġȻ½軹ˡҲ½ǹؼһȻСѾɢˡ
½ЦЦȻһˣɶ¡㣬ҵ֮ɲ򵥣ԼСĵ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷȻοݼң½־ͱȥˡԼ͹ˡ
½ȥҲȥˡΪҪ½һˣѾֻؾԻȥһЩǰˡ
Ҫæ𣿡Ҷʡ
½ҡҡͷЩ飬ԼԼౣأ
Ҷ˵ͷǡ
½豧˱ȭǣ
˵꣬תֱӻһʧʡ
½ߺҶתͷϾ߰ɣ
ܿ죬ʧԭء
·ϡ
⾳ﵽˣҶͻȻʡ
Ͼ΢΢ҡͷûУ
㣿Ҷ⡣
Ͼһط⾳ںϺڶʱ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷϾ⾳ĶﵽǾֲ̫ˡҪ֪ڰϾֻؾң⾳Ԫûжöѣھִﵽǲ˻ˡ
ȻϾ⾳ûﵽǣҲΪֲˡ˵澳ǿ߲ûܹκεˡȻ磬콾ǿ˭Ҳ˵Լͬ޵С
ϾңҶҲң
ܿ죬뿪½޾ǿ֮С
ݼң
һΣ˵ĿĵأصĿݼҡȻ뿪ҷΧúͻȻͣһۣнһĨء
𣿡
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţһͻȻ˲ԶĿռ˳
澳ǿߣ
ҶһУͬʱʼת
˻Ҷ밲Ͼȥ룬ǲǡȻǴﵽ¾Ϸ򶼲Ƕ֡
£ͻȻֳǰһ̽Ȼ͵һա
䣡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ밲ϾλõĿռͻȻŤһ֮ҪҶ밲Ͼ׷顣
ʱһͻȻһڽһ̣һ
䣡
һ˲䣬ΧĿռȻѣʱһӰͻȻ˺˵󣬽ţһֱӲ˺˵ĺ󾱣ʱͻȻ΢΢һ
䣡
һͻȻԺ𵴿Ҷֱӱǧɿ⡣ʱϾͻȻ˺˵ǰţгǹ͵ش̳
ڰϾǹ̳һ̣ͻȻ֣Ȼָһ˰Ͼǹϡ

һţǿֱӽϾĵ˳ȥ
ʱһͻȻٴγ˺˵󣬶ڽֵһ̣ͻȻתһȭ
䣡
ȻɢҶֱٴαǧɿ⡣
һȭҶ֮һ̣ǰ̤һһֱ̤ӳҶǰȻٴһȭһȭƽƽ棬ûаΧռƽޱȣûһ˿
ȻһȭȴõҶɫ䡣һΣҴ⣬ɱӿȻӿг֮Уţ˫־ٽǰ͵ؾһն¡
䣡
ɢҶ˴ֱӵ˳ȥ
˾Ҫٴ׷ʱϾȴͻȻȻǹ͵һɨ
ǹ
䣡
ΧĿռֱӱһǹɨķ飬ˣΧǧڵĿռֱӹѿʱһͻȻԶĳ֣ΧЩռҲܲסºȻ
һ˲䣬֮ǰվλ÷ԲǧڵĿռֱӱһƬռڶ
ʱһƬռڶͻȻţдһը
ռڶڵıըõΧƬǿյĿռǾҲޱȡ
ŹʮϢ󡪡
䣡
һƬռڶͻȻըѿţӰе˳
ˣǰϾҶ
˵ǧɲͣͣǱͬʱһĨɺ졣
ԶһƬռڶͻȻʼָܿ죬һƬռڶһ֮޸ͬʱǺ߳Ҷ밲ϾС
һĻҶɫһ֪Щ͹澳ǿˡ

ʱͻȻȷʵҵһμ˴İ֮ⰵ֮Ѿﵽ𡣲ϧҪƾɱңԶԶ
ҶͻȻ
΢΢ҡͷ˭Ҫ𣿡
˵ţͻȻǰ̤һȻƳһУһ̣ƻ·¡
ƿʼһ̣ԶҶ밲ϾͷĿռͻȻѹȥǿõ岻ϳ·ȥ
ϾҶһۣһ̣ҽͬʱ͵һգţҶһ𣬶Ͼǻһ⳯Ϸ˹ȥ
䣡
֮£ͷĿռֱӱ˵˺ѷ顣ܿ죬ͣ˿̣ɫЩ԰ףˣŵѪˡ
ò˵ĺ
ʱͻȻ츳ʵǿģϷе㺹աϷ򵱳ʱԶԶǰϧ̫ˡ
˵ţҪ֣ʱԶҶͻȻ̤һȻһ죬Сף轣һã
ϢûзӦ
ҶգգۣȻֵСף轣һã
ֹϢûзӦ
ҶɫЩÿˣæڣСʱɫӲÿˡ
ʱСſСԺĴ˯ǱľС׵ƨ档
Ҷ


1640 ýСף
߿ûиҶʱ䣬ڵһ̣һֱӻһɫҶ밲Ͼ˹ȥ
ϾһҶȻҽһ壬˻һ⳯Ǻ߳˹ȥ
ڡ
ҶæС׽ѣСҶ˵ʱСͻȻɵǰȻֻСצסĺţԴһᣬ˯ˡ
ҶЦãС׵ƨɣȻСףȱ˯죬Ľá
СԴ˲ţȻֺ˯
ҶΣһԵľȻ֣ãвУ
ˣ
ʱľͻȻһţֱӻһ⳯Ҷȥ
ҶƤһҪ֣ʱСˡǱľҶʱʱһ飬ȻһľֻСצľĽ
ڣľҶǰһɵľʱɲסˡ
Ҷһ鶯ľǿܲ˳۰
˷ʱ䣬ҶСףСףĽã
밲ϾȻʵǿǣ˻޷澳ǿ߿⡣ԣֻСףľڼϰϾ澳ǿһƴ
ľľڣֻСףҲֻС棬Ҫȥ쭡
ҶĻСգգۣȻצеľʼ
һᣬľƽȻСȴ̧ͷҶҡҡͷ
ҶɫһΪľӦ
Ĭһ˲Ҷһʧԭء
ʵС
أ
ҶջصʵǼϾǺ߸һˣʱϾֱѾѿ
һĻҶɫʱҪ֣ʱСͻȻǰСצУǱľ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴һϲͬˣ
СҡҡСԴȻľתǺߣһ̣צľվһָ
ݣ
Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮УǱľֱӻһ⳯Ǻ߼ȥ
䣡
ԶͻȻһըǺֱӱһʮɵľ룡ľҲ߸һɻС׵ǰ
Ҷ
һԵİϾҲһĨ죬һľдһ˿档
С׿϶ûʲôģ߱ˣȫľԼľȻܹһ澳ǿߣ
ʲô
˵ϾҶԼЩˡľʲôʵЩˡ
߱һˣСжʱһĨ˷֮ɫţСצæֻһȦȦԶǱľֱٴλһһΣЩ죬ΪǳԲεķʽźȥġ
Բν⣡
ԶڳĬһ˲ͻȻǰ̤һȻ̽ɲǼ䣬ǰЩռ俪ʼܿ죬ǱľЩռ
һĻҶɫһҪ֣ʱСͻȻצȻʼ˦ȦȦ
ʱԶǱľͻȻʼԭתѡһⲻڼ俪ɲǼ䣬ΧЩռֱӱ˺ѿ
Ҷ
˺Щռ֮С۾һȻСצǺ߾һָ
ݣ
˲գۼ˺ߵǰֽճȭȻһȭ
䣡
ΧڵĿռһţǱľֱӱɣǣȴҲǳʮɵľ롣
СգգۣȻСצǺһָǱľȴûзɹȥǵɻǰţţ
ܿ죬С̧ͷҶȻСצ
һᣬҶС׵˼ˡСڽϣΪľûˣҪľ
˵СױľҶȻſСľɲǼ䣬ɫӿ˳Щһ֣;ľա
Ҷ
ԭ
ʱԶĺͻȻ⣬û뵽ȻС
Ҷߣ֪ʲô
ѵ֪𣿡߷ʡ
Ҷҡҡͷ֪
ߵ˵ͷҪˡ˽ϣʵǿһЩϷ¶ˡԣڻȥɡ
£ͻȻҽһգɲǼ䣬ֱӻһɫ֮ΧĿռʱ𣬺ޱȡ
ʱϾҶԣ˳Ĭһ˲ͻȻҶҽ͵һգ˻һ
һֻأ
һԣϾͻȻԶ͵ؾһʱƿնȥȴͻȻĺ棬Ȼ͵һǹ׳
ͣ
ٶȶʱǣֱӳҶȻǵɫݺײһ
䣡
߸һӴ͵ըѿֱӱǺɫеǿɣʱҶĽ
䣡
ٴһΧڵǿսǾһ
ʱϾֳٴγ˹
ţ뽣ⲻڳ
䣡
һΧǿտʼ·Ҫһ㣬ޱȡ
һԣСѾͣתͷ˿ԶҶ˵λã۾գգȻæľԼǰʱеˡ
ҶǱߣþᣬΪе㺦ˡǣֲҶܡ
һСдһ˿ŭ֮ɫţͷеľȻСצָԶƬڿռһָ
ݣ
ľʱȻһ罣ûһƬڿռ֮С
䣡
ԶһƬڿռ֮жʱһţռڶڿʼҼͬʱΧЩռ侹Ȼʼѣռѷ鳯ܷӶȥ
ԶСգգۣʼˡ
ʱԶڿռڶ֮ͻȻһţһеɻصС׵ǰ
Ǳľ
˲ʮϢһƬռ俪ʼָƽܿ죬һƬռָҶ˳˳С
һ˲ǺͻȻе͹ˡò˵ĺǿǴﵽǴﵽ벽Ƕ֣Ϸ򶼵þ֡ڣǻ̫
˵ţһҶ밲Ͼ˹ȥҶ밲ϾҪٴγ֣ʱǺͻȻһתһԵС׳˹ȥ
һĻС˫۶ʱԲľ֪ôˡ


1641 ȥݼ
߼ɵĲҶ밲Ͼ
׼ȷ˵ǣҶ֣
ʱȻǿǣվޣΪûʹǣһʹҶʱؽʱӣ
ʱҶ밲Ͼܹвˡ
ˣΪԷһԣ
Զ߳С׵λóȥҶɫ䣬ҽ͵һգ˻һ⳯ź߱ȥȻٶαȵһ澳ǿߣ
ʱѾС׵ǰţֱһƳС˹ȥ
һĻСգգۣһֱ̣ɿľȻֻСצסԼ۾
һ̣岻ϲţһ̣µˡ
ԶҶĿѡ
ʱͻȻһ۵˳С׵ǰͻȻǰһ̽Ȼһ
䣡
һкת˲Ǻ߱سɣҲɵλá
ʱҶС׵ǰС£Ҷʱһ
ǲʲôССצƿָͷָУҶҶһ̣һ¾ҶĻȻʼ
һ˲䣬Ҷͱɫûˡ
ҶСףȻС͵˺ڣС׽ǱľҲæ˽ȥ
ҶתͷԶˣȫһУʶյǰһɵλþԶʧˣҶ֪Էݡ
˭
ʱԶĺͻȻʡ
˭˷ʡ
Զ߳ĬãȻתһʧԭء
ʱҶˣл
˳Ĭһ˲Ȼˡ
Ҳˣ𣿡Ҷʡ
ûлشĬ˺һᣬȻ㣬һھԶңԶ
ΪʲôҶʡ
˵㸸׵кܶ£ڣЩ£඼Ҫְ֪󣬲ûʲô𣿡
ΪʲôҶʡ
˵еǻе뱣㡣
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
˵㸸׵꣬үеһԭǼĲѡϧͻȻ£һΪɢԣڼǱˡҵ˼𣿡
Ҷ˫΢УҼҪɱң
ҡҡͷҪɱ㣬˭סǣҪ֪㸸׵ҵ˿ɲ٣ЩˣңͬҪְңһЩѾȵ껹Ҫǿࡣղˡ
ҶĬ
ʱֵǵĵΪ㸸״µĽɽ඼ѾЩ˷ָ֮⣬ǵ껹׷ɱ㸸סڻһҪ֮λ츳˵ǻ᲻𣿡
˵⣬˶٣ֵЩ֮ûɱ㣬֮ǰǽɵòгϵò֪ʲôԭ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
Ϊ㸸ף
˳ΪĿǰλã˭֪㸸ûȷ֮ǰǶɱ㡣
ǰǿҶ
˳ĬƬ̣Ȼʷ츳ǿһ棬ΪﵽĳһΣԼѪ죬Ȼ󴴽ҡڶ㸸ףѾͻƼѪҪµѪǿϧûɹͳ˱ʡ
ǵأҶʡ
˪
˳Ŀǰˡ
Ҷһ۰ϾȻΣ
ǿ˻شĺԥ
Ҷ
ʱ˿һԵİϾĬãȻҲǿҲȷ˭츳ãǣȴս
ΪʲôҶæʡ
ΪͿܶѾ˳

ҶĬһﵽǾǷǳǳֲġ˵˪ﵽս϶ֲܿ澳ǿ߲Ҫηˡ
ʱֵ߰ɣѾȳѣԴԶϵߵԽԶԽá
ҶĬһᣬȻҡҡͷߡ
Ϊʲôʡ
ҶҾҲңμ֮ҾͲ鷳ʵҴˡ֪һţ֪Ǳԣʹ뿪ңǻǲŹҵġֻ˲ȫģ𣿡
˳ĬƬ̣ȻԶ㡣
Զ㣿
ҶҡҡͷԶûãΪҵ˶ϵӣǿ϶֣ȻҳԣҲߣһĶԹҲܣǣȻǲԸŹңҲҲùܣˣ˭˭
˿ҶãȻˮ
ҶҲˡΪңԼˣ˵ǲɱңǣ뿪ңҾͲˣʱǾͲҪ˼ʲôʱҴ㡣
ҲˣЩ£ӱǲеġ˵ңˣԽԴЩҵĹЩ˵ءǣһ뿪ңЩ˾Ͳٸʲô
ԣ뿪ҡ
˳ĬãȻ˵ͷ˵Ҳֻǣڽңû֧֣Ҫ֮лºѣΪү϶㡣ЩˣȻɱ㣬ȴ֮ɱ㣬ʱ㸸׻Żֲǣ
ҶЦ֮УҶʵãֲñˣ
˵Ҳգɡ
˵ţ˾ҪתȥʱҶæ֪ݼ𣿡
ͣ½ŲҶҪȥݼң
Ҷ˵ͷȥһľ
ҡҡͷȥˡ
ΪΣҶ
˵ÿһľ˵ޱȵ󣬾ǿݼӵܣһӶԻһľǻ𣿡
ô󣿡Ҷü
ֹ󣡡
˵ĿǰΪֹͷֹһţһţڿݼҡңŻĻǵ걻˹ˣŻ˵Ѿڽɿݣԣ˵󲻣
ҶĬãȻݼ˺˵
˵ʲô£ǻǿ϶˵üȥǻпܸӣȥˡֱԣǵ˶
ҶĬһ˲ȻˣæвУ
ʲô˵
Ҷȥݼ
һ£ˡ
£Ѿʧ˳С
Ҷ


1642 ݼýŮӣ
ߵû˿ԥ
ԭأҶ
˺һᣬҡҡͷ£ÿԼΪ˵̬Уܹоõǿݼҿ϶һ㡣
Ȼڲһ㣬ҲҪȥԣ
˭ʱϾͻȻ
ҶҡҡͷʵҲ˵ݣԷ澳ǿߣҵĵλ϶֪͡Է֮Գ϶ǸЩϵ
ң
ҶĬãȻҡҡͷѾ֮УģӱܣǴ֮гҪ֮гֻ·
һһһ˰ˡˣȻͳˡʵǿ˲鷳Ȼȥѡ
ԡ
ǿ
ϱǿ
ĿǰҪġ
ԭأҶɨһܣȻϾղŵ飬֪֮Ҫԣڴҡˡ
ɲʱʱһλ澳ǿɱ
Ͼ΢΢Ȼ˵ͷţһֱӽ˺ڡ
ϾҶһֱ
ڣ֮Ѿﵽн䣬Լռ䷨򣬿˵ֻҪȱ澳ǿ߶Է
Ҷʧһ߳Ҷ֮ǰԭλá
澳ǿߣ
ֺ֮߳ǰʧٴγ֡
߿ˣҶûж⡣
΢΢ͷȻĿ˻ǰߵλãһССġ䡱֡
ҵģʡ
΢΢ͷѾͷ
ҵˣʡ
ǣߵ
˳ĬãȻҲҪҵ֮
΢΢ҡͷûȤֻǣСӹϵǳҲֹԣֻܰбڣ㵲סңСĹϷ¶Ҳˡ
˵ûϵӣò˶ãͻ󶯾ʱ֪ˡ
ҡͷһЦҲǣ
ǣ£ֱʧԭء
΢΢ȻҲʧ˳С

֮ʣʮ죬Ҷ˵ֻС졣
С걻ˣȻкɢǣȴ޷ָ꣬ʱһãܻὥɢΪ걻˵ʵ̫̫ˡ
ԣľ־ڱصã

ϵ
ϵԭпϵ֮ԸпϵΪݼΪ˼ݼ棬ԲŸġΪݼ棬ͽпΡ
ϵӦ˵ССϵֻһ磬Ҳǿδ½½֮ϣҲֻһңǾǿݼҡ
ݼļе㲻һΪǴӲȥӶᣬӲȥսǵļӵܶٳˣݼԵΪأΪû֪ݼʵ
δ֪£
Ҷȫ֮£ʱ䣬ҶǸϵ˿ϵȻҪԭϵϵԶ
ֻǣսϵΧĿռͻȻһҶ⣬Ȼܿ죬һŮӳǰ
ŮӴԼʮ꣬˿٣һϮɫĳȹȹ֮ϣ׺һƬƬϸСҶŮУһϸС
ŮӿһҶڵλãȻδδء
Ĭһ˲ҶԿռ֮˳֪Ҫȥ͵ǲܵˡ
ҶŮӱ˱ȭȻңҶ
ŮӿһҶȻ£
ҶĬһ˲Ȼһľ
ŮӿҶãȻδδء
Ҷҡҡͷء
ǾŮֱҶ
ҶҡҡͷҲ
ʱŮͻȻʧԭأɲǼ䣬һɫ˲Ҷǰ
ޣ
Ҷ˫΢Уû뵽ǰŮӾȻһλޣңһλǿĽޡ
Ҵ⣬ֽճȭȻһȭ
䣡
һըҶ˳ɣȻǵɫȴǲûʧһֹķʽȥ
ҶĬһ˲һ̣һУȻгƽֱ̳
ͣ
ǵɫʱɢ
ԶŮü΢ޣ
ҶٺһЦǽޣæ£ҾҪһľҲǰҪҿöʲôҪ󣬶˵һᡭ
ûУ
ʱŮͻȻҶĻ뿪Ȼݹҿݼ飡
ҶĬһ˲ȻǲңҾͲߣ
ʵҲ֪Լеȡˡû취ľϵС˵Ǹ޳ܵ飬Ը
ŮӿҶãͻȻǰ̤һһֱ̣ӳҶǰţֱӴҶüģ硣
ҶûԴУһһб

һ̶ļڳ𣬽ţҶŮͬʱˣʱŮͻȻҶһ
ͣ
һɫڳһ
ŮӶ棬Ҷٽһ
䣡
ǵɫֱӺȻɢʱŮͻȻǰͬʱǸһֱšҶҪٽʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬ΪǸٶȶȻӿ죬еǿ
䣡
һըҶֱӱǧɿ⡣
ҶͣŮٴγǰţһǿĽֱӽû
Ԫ⣡
֣ɫ
أ
УһըЩըҶسˣһᣬѾŮǧɿ⣬һԼٶȳš
˴ԼʮϢ
䣡
һɫ⻮Ҷֱӱǧɿ⣬ŮӾҪٴγʱͻȻԶҶֱʧԭأҶʧһ̣Ůɫʱ䣬Ҫ뿪ԭأȴѾˡ
һĺϣ
֮ǰǧҶѾ֪ʱı󣬶ǵŮӺϵĽҶĽ
֮
֮ǰ֮ʾŮӴˣΪ˵һ
ҶûɱŮӣ˵ģµġ£ջ˽Ȼ˵˰ɿ⣬ӣ㿴ûж⣬һˣġ
ŮӿһҶڽһ
£˫ֱӱһ̣Լֶ֮һ̣һһ
꼼
Ҷɫʱһ䣬û뵽ŮӾȻὣ꼼Ҵ⣬æʩչ˹Ԫ⣬Ȼٽ͵һǰ¡
䣡
һҶֱӱǧɿ⣡
ҶͣŮţٴһն¡
أ
Ҷ˫΢Уֱʧԭء
һֻأ
һΣбֱʩչһֻأ
䣡
ͻȻһţڳвϽ俪Ҷȴٴαǧɿ⣬ȻŮӵȴصڣǣһ̣ȴֶȻһ˲Ҷ棡
һĻҶƤһæ˫֣Ͷ
ҶĻŮʱͣҶǰһɵλôʱҶͻȻԭأͬʱŮӰͻȻ䶯һ£ţһŮĺ
ҶýŮӺȻԶŮӣղֻǿЦ


1643 ǿ󽣻꼼
Ц
ԶŮıɱˣҶڹѾһٴˡ
ʱҶͻȻ˿Ҷ˿Ůӵֱӻһڹû֮УȻתͷԶҶ޳ܣ
֮ĶԾӦùĹƽԾǰĽ޶ġȻû뵽ǰλȻģ
ǿɳܵģǳɳܵģ
ԶҶҡҡͷʹˡ
ˣ
ŮޣԵ䣬Ե̹̹أޣ
ҶǰǾ䣬Һ޳ɣΪĽǺ䡭Ҳҹͬÿ˶ÿ˵ĽҵĽ䣬̹Ҿ̹ͬģ޳ܣҾ޳ܡ𣿡

Ů޳ܾ޳ܣҪԼڣα֮ˣ
Ҷʼ磬ҳ޳ܰ˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵģ㹫ƽһսˣ㴦ãΣ
أŮʡ
Ҷ룬˵ŮȴͻȻûľ
ҶƤһŮˣ
Ҷ룬Ȼ֪ûľΣˡȥݼңԼȥ취ôģҿ϶޷ģ㿴ңǿҲһȥݼľɡ
ŮӳĬãȻȥݼʲô
㽣⣡ʱҶͻȻ
Ůü΢ʲô˼
ҶֱŮӣΪޣֱǰη֮ģأ㻹δұȽѾʧܺ飬ⲻǽʲô
Ůüţ˵ʲô촽˶û˵
ʱҶֵΪޣԼʵˣǣҲҪ޵֮ģηܷӳʵηͻţͻĽǻǽ𣿡
Ůüͷ壬˵ģôһǣôое㲻Ծ
ȻԾ
޵ηûģǣŮʧܺ飬ûһϵ鲻ǾͱȽǾͲη޴ˡ
ŮӵĻҶƤһȻæ㿴ңݼʵǿ֪٣ǣΪʲôݼҪľΪʲô
ŮӿһҶҾΪɵ
Ҷ
ŮֵʵȻǣľ⣬
Ҷҡҡͷԣηݼұǿܶܶ࣬Ҳ¿ݼңηߣ޵У
ŮӴһҶеηһǸоɵ
Ҷߣǻܲˣ
Ůӵ㲻ҪȽ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷɣǹƽһս
Ը
Ů£ֱӻһʧԭءŮʧһ̣ҶҲֱʧԭأܿ죬ڿкݺݵײһ
䣡
һ˸Գˣǰⲻ໥ݺύ̶ʱڣһƬռǱ˵Ľ˺ѳһƬһƬ
Уһۣһ̣ͬʱʧԭأٴγʱѾɵλáŮһתеʱͬһĶһ㣬һΪĵĽǶȳҶĺ˹ȥ
Ҷ˫΢Уҽųұ˰֣Ȼгǰֱֱ̳
ٶȼ죬ֱӴŮĶˡ

ҶеĽŮеͬʱһһ̣ͬʱźˣǰĿռֱӹѿת˲һƬռȻ
һƬռȻҶֱӻһһƬռڶҶƬռڶʱԶŮɫʱһ䣬ΪһƬռڶȻһּٶȳӶ
ŮӲҴ⣬һֱӳǧɿ⣬ͬʱ˫΢գһ̣֮˳ţҶһƬռڶ͵ؾһ
ͣ
һɫֶ֮һΣɫ֮ǰе㲻һΪ֮ռûа㲨һеãһ㣡
ûƬڿռڶһƬռڶֱ֮ը˿ţһӰеɶ
ӰҶ
ҶǧɲͣͣһƬռڶѾָ
Ҷ˿ԼǰǰһۣۺѾ͸塣ղţؼʱһλãԷһͻֱ࣡
꼼
Ҷ̧ͷԶŮӣû뵽⽣꼼Ȼ˵ǿҪ֪ղڿռڶ֮УУవ밵ʱȫӲ澳ǿһģȻȴûнŮӵһ
ǿ
Ҷɫ֪ŮΪʲôҷųԼˣ֮ǰʹթŮ˵
ںŮڿݼʲôݣݼһ˶ôǿ̫̬˵㰡
ʱԶŮͻȻ㽣ϧ̫ȻкõĽҲҵĶ֡ͬΪޣȻ޳һ㣬֮ǰȷʵû˵Ľ⡣ԣ߰ɣ
ŮӵĻҶ΢΢һ漴ҡͷЦЦӣҿɻûءԡ
˵ţеĽŮȥ
ԶŮӼҶҪ֣ɫԼ
˵꣬΢΢һʱһеֶ֮ԳеĿռһգۼҶǰ
ȻҶǰ໹һɵλʱٶͻȻģٶԽԽҶǰʱǵѾͣͬʱǵԽԽã

ܹѹһн⣬ɫ֮У̺ŮӵĽ⣬ɫ֮ǿҲΪ⣡
˽⣡
˵Ҷǽ޵ĿǣȻԷʵܸ̫߳࣬ȻҲǲýѹģΪһŪãܾ͵ñŪ⣡
һ֣ǾֲĽޣ統½ǶϱŮӣԷûн⣬ˣĽѹ˶Է
ǰŮӣȻֱ׼
ԶŮӼһĻ˫۶ʱԲУ֮ɫ⣬ǽ򡭡ôܣˣô򡭡
ԶŮӵĻҶɫʱͺ
ʱŮͻȻҡҡͷܣҿ϶ǿˡ
£Ҷһն¡
ͣ
һɫڳһ
Ҷ


1644 ѧ꼼
֮ǰһ㣬ŮҶɴλͣȻʧҶǰ
ѹƽ⣡
ŮӳǷĽ⣬Ȼ޷Ҷ֡ǣ⣬ҶĶ֡꼼֮ôǿһǽĹͣ
û˽Ľ꼼ҶǲҪηġ
ԶŮҶһΣ֪ԼûпˡãŮӳôģ
ҶǷһĨЦݣ֪𣿡
Ůӵ˵ͷ
ҶЦԺǿԹ֣ͬ̽̽ô
棿ŮӿҶһ˿졣
ҶɫȻ
Ů˵ʲôͻȻ뵽ʲô˺һᣬȻûľ
Ҷ˰֣Ȼɫʲôľľģһʣ̸Щʵ˸ĺܡΣҸطú̽һ½ΣҶǽ꼼ҲǺĺܡ
Ů룬ȻҿԴȥݼңǣñȻġ
Ҷһϲæֲôڿݼߣ㿴ܹڿݼ𣿡
Ůӵ˵ͷ߰ɡ
˵ţתһʧ˲Զ
ҶһȻæȥ
ŮӵĽ̸УҶ֪Ů£ǿݼӵܣһΣؿϵǿա֮⣬һ֪Ůӿе㵥ʵĺܣҶн䱸֮ġ
ҶҲˣЩС˼ˣС˼ֻŮӿˡ
ܿ죬Ҷ˿δ½׼ȷ˵ǿγǡδ½ֻһǣǾγǣ㣬Щơ
γǱȽ壬ټһǣϸûʲôˣżһˣǴҴ߹
ܿ죬ڿµĴ£һۡҪʱһ˳Ӽ£΢΢˵ͷǵҶʱӶʱ΢΢һȻ£λǣ
ѣµ
ѣ
㶣ȻһҶҶеĽͣһ£̨ǽޣ
Ҷ˵ͷǡ
΢΢ͷȻ¿٣µĸ磬ӭݼͣ
ҶЦл
΢΢һЦȻһ£ˡ˵꣬ƹҶʧ˲Զ
߰ɣ
˵꣬תȥ
ҶæȥȻ˲
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Ҷֵ֮ǰܶұ˵ǿݼҺأ˵ӮԼҶǡǸӣ˵˵ǿݼҡ
ʱͻȻͣ½ŲȻҲӡ˵꣬תߡ
ҶæȥȻҪȥģ
û˵ֻǼš
Ҷʼ磬Ҳʣڣֻһһˡ
ܿ죬ڿµĴ£һҡ˿̣Ҷ֪Ҫɶˡ
ڣתҶǱȽ
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µˣҸһԻľķ
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΢΢ͷܲܵõͿԼıˡ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷã
ڣûбѡǿǾҲܶԿݼҡ͵Ǿ͸ˡδݼңѾ֣ڽˣ¿ݼѾǿڶˡ
ߣݼҵľǻĵط϶гǿصġһȥ͵֣˵ʱ¾Ҷ
ֶΣ
ֶֻΣ
ҶһȻɣҲڼʶʶĽ꼼
΢΢ͷһֱ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰȻһ̳
ò˵µٶȻǷɿģٶȣҲǼ죬ϧǣҶǽͨңҶٶȱ죬Ҳǿ
ҶһгֱӴ˿Ķλá

һҶеĽеһת˲˸Գˣܿ죬Ҷͣţҽһ棬Ȼ˻һ
Զ˫΢У־͵ؾһ
䣡
һը𣬳ΧĿռʱһţǿֱӱɿ⡣
Ҷûм׷ǵʹĽ꼼ɡȻ򲻹ң
û˵٣ŮӲٶȻ⣬˶ǹԪ⣬ԣսŮӸ򲻹
սȻŮӵǿŮǽ꼼ҲҶɵġ
Զҡҡͷ㽻֣õҵȱ㣬ԣѧϰŵ㡣
Ҷ룬ȻԽҽ꼼𣿡
ʶ꼼ǿеѧ꼼ˡ
Զ³ĬЩԥ
𣿡Ҷ
ҶãȻԡ
Ҷһϲ棿
Ҷ˵ͷ档Ҳýҽսн򡣡
Ҷҡҡͷսԣǣ⽣ҽ̲㡣ֻ˵ҿʩչȻԼۿܲ򣬾ͿԼˡ
һᣬȻҲǡС
˵꣬һҶ˹ȥ
ܿ죬ս
Ҷ֮ԽսΪһ·ǿսԼʵġȻûսḻˣһսֱӱѹơһʼ»ǿܹҶ⣬ǽģֻܱ
ս˽һһҹ
ڣڵڶʱͣԶڵأ˫΢գڸ֮ǰս
Ҷڿ²Զڻ֮ǰսȻʡ
ڸղŵս֮УܶʱǿĸõġȻʱû뵽ģڻŷֵġ
Լһʱ󣬿ͻȻ۾ȻһԵҶд
ʱҶҲ˫ۣȻҲǣû˵٣밲ϾսͬϾǽޣ޷ڽϸ̫İ
²ͬǽޣȻԷսǣԷҲȡ֮Щȡ֮ѧĽĸǿ
ܵ˵һεıȽ˶ǳ
ʱ»վȻѧ꼼
Ҷ˵ͷ롣
µҿꡣ
Ҷ룬Ȼ΢ɲǼ䣬֮˳
Ҷʱɫʱһ䣬ôܡ


1645 ˣе뿳ˣ
ҶϿգҶ꾲ƯţԶǿ֮ɫ
ʲôܣҶ
¿ҶãȻǿǰǲǾɹ˵ꣿ
ɹ˵ꣿ
ҶüҪҡͷͻȻ뵽˺
ûɹ˵꣬ǣ¡Ҫ֪ǰڣ֪жҪЩˣȫɵˡ
ɵЩ˺Щ˵϶Ǳ˵ġ
ˣŻ˵ǿ
ʱֵҲֽױڵ쾳꣬쾳֮ϣ֮ϣ澳˵⣬˶٣Ȼھ쾳꣬⻹ҾԵʣ
쾳
ҶЦЦô˵Ǻ¹
µ˵ͷȻ꼼ʵҲôѣٶ˵Ϊ㽣ǿΣҲǿԣӦúܼ򵥡
Ҷ˵ͷϣˡ
ߵҶǰڽ꼼νĻ꼼һƪķѧ꼼κνķʽʩչ
ԣҶ۾һκνʩչζʲôζһֻҲԵǽ꼼ʩչ
֪꼼Ϊʲôһ㽣ǿ𣿡ͻȻ
Ҷ£ʣΪʲô
µʵҲԣ꼼н꼼⣬ǣеĽҲǿޱȣʹǽ꼼Ҳ޷⡣˵ףǿʩչ뽣Ľױǽ֮ûҵĽ꼼ǿΪĽ꼼ѾﵽĽҲﵽǵʤδ֪ˡ
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û˵һ
һõĽڳһܿ죬ǵʧС
ʱµ𣿽꼼֮ûпռ䲨ǻһзʽ֮õģռ䴦һƽеλãռ֮СУֱԷꡣҪƵַһԻƻһ־ƣ
ƣҶ⡣
µ˵ͷ֮ǰǿռڶ֮УʵѾ㹻ǿ󣬵ǣûܹסҵĽ꼼ΪǿֻǿܹӰ쵽ռƽλãܹƵ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ռƽλãһе㲻
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ܿ죬ߵλãʱѾصһ
һᣬ˿Ȼڲ£صһΪʲôΪҵ겻ͬһƽпռСԣ
ͣҶʱˡ
ʱֵһ㽣ﵽһ̶ʱ꼼Ҳ޷ֵġԣ꼼л꼼ĵطһҲǿ֮˵ûǿĻ꼼ֻ߽ǿˡ
Ҷ˵ͷ仰Ƿǳͬģǽǻ꼼Ҫʩչˡ
ʱָһһƹâʱûҶü֮УͬʱһϢʱҶС
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ʱĺܿ죬תȥ
УҶ˫΢գ˷·붨һ㡣߲Զǿ£¿ҶĬ
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ΪһֻأѾﵽױ
ǰһֻض԰벽澳ǿ߸ûвڣһֻأǿԻɱ벽澳ǿߵġڶ澳ǿߣЩľԸ˻ܹ澳ǿв
ڵľ澳ǿߣ̫ˡ֮Ĳ࣬߱ʲôֲ
Ǿѹ
ܿ죬ҶصԭλãȻصԼڡ
ϢҶ۾Ȼ˿£л
һֻ֮ԴﵽױΪķ꼼
˵ķ꼼һֻױ𡣿֪꼼Ǻεȵ
ȻջҲǲٵġʱҶҲûбԼĽĵ˿ˣʩչĦ
ܵ˵˶˲١
¿һҶȻڻǷ
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µһҶȻתȥ
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µҿݼһûʱѾ̬֮ȻҿݼЩһֱøַҽЩѾԽԽأرǸѾʼڿή
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵЩҿݼӵһֱѰܹķܹҽûߣ˵õĻôҪõһ֧ľСˡ
ˣ
Ҷ㶣Ȼæ˵а
к֣ʲôҽã
У¿һҶЩɡ
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¿һҶû˵ȴдţҺܻɣ
ҶЦЦȻΣȥԣô
룬Ȼ˵ͷ߰ɣȥϡ
˵ţתʧ˳С
ҶҲȥ
˲һӺҶſһǰ˾ҪȥʱһͻȻ˵ǰӴһۿҶȻڽӴͣôš
ָָҶܹҽλ
ԣӶʱҶһҶȻ
֮Уһ˿ɡ
Ҷ˵ͷ԰ɡ
ҡҡͷֻؾҿͱ˷ʱˡԣǱ˷Ѵϵʱˡ㡭
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1646 ƨ£
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Сֻɢļ֦ҶС°벿Ҷ֣Ѿڿή

Ҷ֪ǰСǻˡΪС֮УɢŨĻ
ҶһǿŻдһ˿ȣֻҪõһľܹСˡ˵ʱڵСͻȻת
оһĻҶ΢΢һһ̣ɫ䣬Ȼæź磬һᱻ˿ģ


1647 ʶңӣ
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ʱתҶˣȻλҿݼҵĻ˭

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Ĭһ˲ͻȻӿһīɫīɫڳʱ˶ʱܵһŨϢ
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1648 ˣ죡
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1649 Ϲһɱ㣡
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һѪֱĪԺĪʱӲ
գ
ҶתĪ٣Ī˫۴͵ؿҶãá
ʱҶͻȻûߴᣡ
䣬һһѪֱĪüһĪٶʱ
ҶһĪ٣ȻҡҡͷϧһֻɱˣܣȻ൱ڶһ벽澳Ŀˣ
ĬһᣬҶתҪߣʱԶĿռͻȻҶ˫΢Уֽ˽еĽʱǰĿռ˿һӰֶ
ӰҶ˫۶ʱԲҵĸ硭㡭


1650 û˹
Ӱʲô
ǻ
ݼǿŻ
Ҷû뵽ŻȻָˡסʱСͻȻӺ˳С׳ֱӿǿŻȻһЦţܵǿŻǰȻץסһ֦һ˺ڣ
Ҷ
ʱҶͻȻɫһ䣬Ĭһ˲һתȻ͵תŭȵη󱲣»
˵ţνԶһն
ˣ
һʺȻ쳹ǵûԶǿܿ죬ңԶǿһ
ҶҪ׷ȥʱ߳ԡ
ˣǿԼ֮ǰĻߡ
ˣҶ˵ǿһҶ֮ǰķ׷˹ȥǻһȴͣԭأһ˲˲ؿҶ
ϢǿڻصԭأȻ俴ߣ΢΢ҡͷ
ɫһȻͬʱҶ
Ҷգգۣλǰ⾿ô£
߳ĬϢȻϣ𣿡
ϣʲôϣҶãȻ
ʱͻȻ
ʲôЦ
ҶֱλǰڿʲôЦôϣ
뻪û˵ֻǾҶ
ҶλǰҸղȷʵǼˡǣҸռûӦһ߾ֱӽץˡǿղһԶԷˡǣԷٶʵ̫̫ˡ
΢΢ҡͷ׷ȥˣûʲôء
Ҷ̯̯֣λǰҪǾϣǾɡɽ䶼Ըѣ
뻪һۣ󣬻ʶɨҶҶҲֿʶɨϵɽʱҲû赲ɻʶɨ顣
Ҷ֮Ըûʶ̽ΪԺġѾȣֻҪԸ⣬ûֵܹ
һӣջʶͬʱɫޱѿ
ʱҶλǰ˰ɣ
߳ĬϢȻҲһʶҪ֪еʶҲٳ˿ռ䣬ԴƷģֻ̽˺㣡
ԣҶɫʱǰҪǲ̫˵㣿ǰӦҲ֪ʶɱʶ룬Ǿ͵ǽԼڱа
΢΢ͷȻֻ֪ǣСֵܣҿݼ˵ǳҪԡ
ǣҶʶûлأ
ûоûУ㻹ô
ʱһһֱδ˵ͻȻѲɣ㻹ҪǸɣ
ߵĻһԵĿɫʱһ䣬⣬Ҫ˵ʱҶͻȻߣ˵ʲôƨǣҿµӣ˵䲻ģҲϣҺΣ
ǰȻǰ벽澳ǿߣǣ治塣
˫΢Уԣ
Ҷʼ磬ȻתߣʱͻȻҪȻǾͲˡ
˵ֳ꣬ǰһ̽ȻҶվһץһץһǿֱӽҶ£Ҷȫͷڡž졣
ҶһĨһ̣һɿֲɱϯɱֺߵǹֱӱɱ飡
ɱ⣡
һĻ˽ɫһ䣬˶û뵽ҶȻɱ⣬һױģ
ʱҶͻȻתʧԭأٴγʱѾߵǰţνһն
ʮնν
ӳɱԪնν
һ˲̺ǿֱӽسɫһ䣬Ҵһ˫ȭ͵سҶĽ˹ȥ
䣡
һըֱӱ˰ɿ⣡ʱҶֱӻһʧԭء
䣡
Ҷʧһ̣ٴһͬʱһԵֱӱɿ⣡
Ҷû׷俴һߣҸ㲻Ҫף
˵꣬Ҷתߡ
ʱԶĺͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶͬʱУһ޸о޸ҶԴ͵ؾȥ
ǲ
һ£ҶΧĿռֱӹѿ
Ҷ˫΢УһĨɱ⣬һ̣תνһն
䣡
ײһըڳжʱ쳹𣬽븫һţҶͬʱű˴˵ĺˡ
һԣڿһҶߣھҪֹǻȴֹˣ֪ߵغΪǣܵѵ
ڿһۻߣԥ£Ȼ˵ͷ
ԶҶͣиͷҶȥò˵ʵȷʵǣΪϷǳصģ죬ҽ̴㸸ĸúýôˡ
ߵĻһԵҶɫʱһֱ̣ӻһѪâʧԭأٴγʱѾߵǰȻѪ͵ض˹ȥ
ЦһȻиͷֱӳҶĽӭȥ
䣡
ײͬʱسˣȻҶȴǺܿͣţֱٴλһѪâ߳˹ȥ
һ̣Ҷٴο˲ҪĴ򷨡
һʼ߻ܹҶ£ǽģЩԲˡΪҶ̫ˣÿһҶλҶ
˹ǣˣʽϣʼ·ˡ
ҶȴԽԽݣԽԽͣ
һԣɫЩÿˡΪû뵽ҶһֻؾߣȻܹѹһ벽澳ǿߡ
˾Ҫ֣ʱԶĿռͻȻƬռڶʱɫʱ䣬ΪƬռڶʼ
֣
ڲԥ¾Ҫ֣ʱһƬռڶͻȻͣţһӰе˳
Ӱߣ
߻δͣһͻȻǿռڶ֮еһ̣ҶߵǰҶһŲߵؿڣȻ˫սߵüģղ˵ҪҸĸң˵𣿡
Ҷ
ʱһԵĻͻȻɱҿݼұزŹ㣡룬ҲҿݼΪаɣ
Ҷתͷһۻߣÿݼвң
ֻ˵һʵߵ
Ҷ˵ͷȻȷʵҲݼΪС˵ţͷߣµϣǸ¾ˡ
ҶǷһĨǸôղ˵ʹˣӣҲȷʵһûĻɫ
ҶߣǲΪҲɱ㣿
𣿡ǲм˵ңӮҶøҿݼӣ㡭
ʱһͻȻߺһ
ͣ
ԴֱӴһѪ˳ȥ
ս
ҶתͷԶĻڣôʹ¹ǣû˹


1651 ܣ
ҶԴһ̣뻪ɫޱѿ
û뵽Ҷĸɱ
Ҷ֪֪ʲô
ʲô
ҶЦЦʵҲû취Щңָ߸ϵëñӦø˸ӣǵȻ˲Ǿ;ñ˲ʶȤܵѵ
˵⣬ҡҡͷֵҶ˾ǣңҾ𾴱ˣǲңҪңǱǸ˵ݼңӣҶɱ󣡡
˵꣬Ҷתߡ
ȻʱǿȴǳԶҶɱˣôˣ
Ҷôɱˣ
˫΢Уôţ
Ҷߣԣ
߿ҶΣû˵ֳǰһ̽һ̽һǿֱӽҶΧĿռܿ죬һɺâҶӿ˳ɺâֺ󣬻ǹֱӱɢ
ҽһգ˻һ׹⳯Ҷȥ
ԶҶνһն
䣡
пռͻȻһţҶֱӱ˰ɿ⣬ǻȴֻ˲ʮɣ
ԶҶһۻߣò˵⻪Ȼǰ벽澳ǣ⻪ߵʵȴǱǿ̫̫ࡣ
߿һҶһֳ̣ǰһ̽Ȼ͵һ
ɲǼ䣬ҶΧĿռֱӽǿõҶоԼƥһ㡣ҶҴ⣬¾ٽǰһ
䣡
ΧĿռֱӱһ̣һǱĿռ֮е˲˻ߵǰ
ɫ䣬һָָǰĿռͻȻתһתպýҶ˽ȥܿ죬һѪɫпռ˳
˫΢Уһĳ
䣡
һը𣬻ֱӱʮɣǰпռ˿Ѿ˺ѳһҶٴγǰȻһ˹
һ쵽˼£ʹǻߣҲֻһ˿⡣
߲Ҵ⣬һӣһɫСܳǰ
أ
ɫСܾһţһڹеҶɫһ䣬æٽһ
䣡
һըҶֱӱɿ⡣
ԶҶһǺڶܣ˵ܿ϶ױģ
ȷʵ
ʱͻȻɱҿݼˣ˵ֻүӣҿݼһɱ󣡡
˵ţǰ̤һȻָһǰڶ֮ɫɲǼ䣬ڶֱӴһɺɫгҶλϯȥ
ڶ֮ռֱӱи飬ޱȣ
ҶǺɫУü۵ʹܿ죬ǺڶܴĺɫԽԽʱҶͻȻ̧ͷڻΪҪʱȴͻȻһǺɫг˹ȥתҶǱǺɫ˽ȥ
һĻڽ΢΢һǲ֮ɫ
ʱǻɫͻȻ䣬
˵ţҪ֣ʱԶǺɫͻȻʧˡţһе
䣡
ǻֱӱʮɣʱҶ˻ڵǰ
Ҷǿ˫۶ʱ΢֮ɫ
ΪҶһ¶ûУ
ҶȻû£
ױİ֮򣬼ƣ˵ڶ԰밵ȫߣڶܵɰ밵ɣˣڶܶ˵ȫûв
ҲΪûһ飬û飬ڶյ˺ڡ
ԶǻҶأ
ҶЦһĶң
һĨɱ⣬
˵ţ΢΢˫΢΢һ̧һ̣͵سҶλþһģˣ
£ǰĿռʱһƬƬռҶʱںХ֮еУЩռ纣ˮһ㳯ûȥ
ֻһ˲䣬ҶЩռû
һ˲һͻȻ쳹𣬽ţһеռֱӱ˺ѿܿ죬ǵǻߵǰ
ʱǰĿռͻȻһ̣ЩռֱӻһƳҶ˹ȥ
䣡
ɢҶֱӱɿ⡣
ԶҶ俴Żߣ뻪ǰЩռ䣬˿ͼˮһ㲻ᵴš
Ҷû뵽Ҷʵ˵ǿȻҶһֱǴ·磬ǣȴ޷ɱҶҶĽɱԪĽӳ£ļΪǿ󣬼ʹǿҲܹƿ
޿κΣ
ǻߴ˿̵ĸо
Ĭһ˲߳һ֡
ߵĻһԵĿڵ˵ͷ㻪߲˵ҲҪ׼ˡΪҲˣ߸κβҶ
ҪʱһԵҶͻȻôҪȺŹ𣿡
ߵϻ֣ܾʶ֮У
˵ţֱһҶλõȥһԵĿھҪ֣ʱһڳһ
䣡
һǻֱӱ˰ɿ⣬ֵĿɫһ䣬æԶԶ֪ʱһֳֳǹŮӡ
ŮǰϾ
Զ߿һԼƣ˿ֱֻ̣۶Ѿ˿Ĭһ˲̧ͷԶİϾ˭
Ͼû˵ֻ˵ҶԣϢȴǻߡ
ʱҶͻȻڳ֣Ҿ촦˵ʲôݼҲݼҵģҸϵݼǿҸ֪ԣңȻܻĺԩ
һĨҪ֣ʱһͻȻ˳УκβǶˣ
һ㶣漴ɫܿ죬һӳ˳С
ӲǱˣҶڿݼҼϱӣҲǿݼػߣ
Ҷ˫΢Уݼ澳ǿ߶˰
ߵҶ밲ϾǰԶȻݼҵĶû˸ãݼ˵ûɱ
ҶҵˣҲû˿裡
˵ĺã
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţһɫףֳֳǹҶԶĿռ˳
䣡
ӣɫʱ
ݼػߣҲУҵػߡ
һ䣬û뵽ˡֹܹɱ𣿡
ֹˣ
䵭ǣƻ˴ҶµĹصĻȻҲعأɱҾȥɱݼһһ
˴ҹͬ涨ҵ澳ǿ߲öԸҵ֣Ųܣ
Ĭһ˲Ȼս𣿡
ûлش𣬶ǿҶأ
Ҷ룬Ȼܡ


1652 ԣж
ҶĻƤһҶãȻû㻹ͦ޳ܵġ
Ҷ
תͷǿ˵⻰ܴݼ𣿡
ǲսս𣿡
䵭ҪսʱԷ㣻ݼսҲʱ㡣
Ǿɣ
£ֱʧԭء
죬쵽£
ڼֵһ˲ҶɫʱΪûпι켣
ǿ
˿̵аϾԶĶ֡
ҲӰĳţǸʱ˼Ҿնɱ澳ǿߡڣ˼Ѿﵽ澳ʵǿ˺̶ֳȣ
Խսˣ
ѣǳѣ
ҶֻؾףԽսԷǳĲʵԼʵҶǷǳģԣȥ
Уʧһ̣Ҳͬʱʧԭء
һ˲
䣡
һը羪װڳкȻ쳹ţԲʮڵĿռһȻѿ
һĻҶһ㶣漴һϲʮڵĿռ䶼ôͿԿʮڵĿռڶʱɱǿ϶Ҳܹ˵Է˵ˣ
ǻڣ϶ǻûģ
ʮɿռڶǸǰ벽澳ǿֵܹģ
ҶڴΧռʱͻȻǿͣܿ죬߷ֱ˿ԡ
ڿԵߣǿݼ̫ϳϣҲǿݼҶ֣ϣ
Եߣҳϵ룡
ԣЦЦ֣þò
΢΢һЦкܶûˡֻû뵽һ棬ֳϡ
΢΢ͷȷʵû뵽˵⣬˶٣ȻһԵҶ֣󱲣
뿴һҶȻˣѪգ׳嶯ҲҲ𣿡
ϵѪգ⣬ÿ˶ҪΪΪеأ
˵ͷ˵˵⣬Ҷ˵˵ʲô飬õÿݼҲϧɳλ벽ɱ㣬ػ߶ˡ
Ҷ룬ȻݼԩңҪ顣˵ţ֮ǰ˵һ飬ΣûͼӴףڳĶǴͼӴףֻ˿
һᣬҶǾǵĻҪҲͬˡ֮ǻҪʶҵʶҵʶ
ΪҪɱݼҵˣ
ҶεҲû취ΪҲӦʶǾҪǿҵʶȻ߾Ͷҳ֣Σֻܱȷֻ㵽Ϊֹģǣû뵽ôôɱˡȻܹҪֻ֣ܹ̫ǿ˵㣡
ҶĻݼɫʱЩѿˡҶ⼸䣬ںݺݴݼҵ
ô˵ģ
ʱͻȻΪԼǿΪԼеʵͿΪ磬ǿ߶ǣǿģǶ಻ʤ
ǣ
ҶæͷȻ˵һԣһ̵ܽģ
뿴һҶȻתͷǿϣ֣ҲˡҽǵĻȻǻˣڽţǾûϣԣǲΪҲ˵ˣûϡ
תͷǻߣ߳رϲһʼȴֹֻǺû뵽Ȼ˵صףȻƿռҿݼҡ
˵⣬˶٣ֵ׷ʱֻԣ϶ʶСΪѾѹɽ䣬ɽ֮ûУ϶ʶС
ϿҶҶûʶС
Ŀ⿴룬ֿҶûʶУ
ҶһԶĿϵˣ֪ô˵ǶŵġΣҵʶѵ˻
ѵ˻ɱ㣡ͻȻ
Ҷһ룬ʱȴǿǿϣǿ֣ʶûѵأ
ûѵ
ϵ˵ͷȻֵ˼أ
뿴ҶҪʲôݼұıǶĺܡ
Ҷ΢΢ȻǰҪʲô
һҶȻѾﵽ𾳣ױ𣬿ǣûǿĻԵĻԴﵽ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼϣ֪ݼƺһ֣ûʶѵֿɷһö
ĻϵɫʱЩѿˡ

ǿɲһ㱦Ȼûﵽ澳ױ𣬵ǣҲһܹȵġʹڿݼңҲޱȵġ
ʱͻȻֵ֣Ǳ츳ҲˡҿʮöȲϡǣ֪ݼҵ壬ԣԸ⽫Сʱǿݼϡ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵֵʶѵ˻ÿֶ֣ϷԱǣûѵһŵΪи̨£Ϊɣ
ʱһԵҶԥ£Ҫ˵ʲôǻߣ˻ȥ
Ȼ΢Ǳݼҵ˸׽ˡ
ϿһҶȻߣ΢΢ͷҪ˵ʱһԵҶͻȻЦĲϣôأݼǰⱲӣǲ˵ѵģһΰɣ
ϵһҶȷʵǻ˵ѣΪ춼˵ѣ𣿡
Ҷ
ʱϿ룬ãҴӦˡҪʶ
뿴Ҷ𣿡
ҶĬˡ
ҶĬһԵĻǶʱЦǿɫҲƽ
ʱҶĬҲתתһ̣ɫʱһԵǻϵЦԽԽ
ʱͻȻԼҿԸһӣɱ㣬øһؿݼңҿݼҵ˲ܰΪʮ꣬㡭
Ѱɣ
ʱҶͻȻ
˫΢УҶãȻ˵ͷţһʶֱûҶüġ
һ̣ĿҶϡ
˿̣ҶȻɫƽлЩŵġΪ澳ǿߣȻԺЩģǻе㵣ģһԷ鿴ʲôߣ޷ճˡ
һᣬǿɫѿ
һĻɫǽ˿
ֹһᣬջʶҶ˵ͻȻĿĸԣж
Ҷ


1653 ߵĴ˵
ϵĻĿʱҶĸҶҲɫһ䡣
Уս
ʱҶͻȻ䶯һ£ţһ˫ɫСצӴҶ·˳ܿ죬һСԴ˳
СһСף
С׿һ۳ˣȻԴ˻ȥֻһ˫۾գѽգ

СһһĨ죬Ǻܿ죬ɫһΪûҶϣ
ڿԵǻɫҲûҶʶУݼζˡ˵ûʲôҪǻˣ
һԣҶС׵ԴȻϣǰǸʲôأ
ԶϿҶãȻ˵ͷţָһһöɫĹӳҶǰȻҶδ壬һԵһУö
Ҷһ룬û˵
뿴ϣ֣£͵ΪֹˡΣ
ЦЦڣ
˵꣬ת뻪Լڻǿֱʧԭء
һ̣ɫʱ
УĬãͻȻתͷҶΪʲôҪȥǿݼң
Ҷ⣬ʲô˼
ʲô˼
ʱͻȻСӣ֪֪ղŲˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ֪
Ҫ˵ʲôʱͻȻ˵ˡСӶԿݼҸ˽⣬˵ڶ࣬Ҳ˵
俴һҶȻҡҡͷ֪ߣη
Ҷ
ʱ뿴ҶݼңƽʱɽˮǣǵĺܡںܾúܾǰƬ棬ûа˴ңǸʱֻһң֪˭𣿡
ݼңҶ
΢΢ͷǿݼҡݼҺΪһЩʣɢúЩĻᡣԺ󣬿ݼҾԽ͵ˡȻԽ͵ˣǣңӮңȥǣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ΪʲôҶʵ
Ϊݼҳֹһλߣ
ߣҶ⡣ߣҲ˵ȴǺ˽⡣
ںܾúܾǰǸʱһƬոճ࣬ǸʱϵǱ¾ū۵塣ֱ˺Ƭ츳׿࣬Щഴ˸ָзʽͨǿˡȻ𽥲ܱѹūۡ
˵⣬̧ͷʣĬ˺һ󣬲ֵһˣ˸ָʽܣТšһ˴ġһʱڣԻ͵ʱһˣҲһߣ

ԣҶжһ˶ʱȻ𾴡ûǵöֲ˵һ˶ĹףǷǳǳġ
ʱֵֻǿϧ֪ʲôԭһʧˡʧˣʧ֮ǰɱ
ɱҶ΢΢üʲô˼
ҡҡͷҲǺΪڹߵ飬ǳǳ١ʷУûйǵļأ֪֮ǣΪһЩĶֻƬ֪ġ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ֮ɱΪ֮ͬЩҪҪǣݼֹߣԣ𣿡
ҶĬһ˲Ȼ϶ֹô򵥰ɣ
΢΢ͷڿݼңһǵǹġݼܹ֮ңԶĹʱڴڣΪ֮⣬ݼһһЩʽ޻꣬ȻңһЩҲǣǶԶԶݼң֮ˮĺܣҲġ
˵⣬Ҷûϣ
ҶæҡͷûУЦɲϣ˻ˡ
뿴ҶãȻ˵ͷԼҪСĵ㣬ΪݼȻưոݣ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ͷġ
ָһһöɫӳǰӲȭͷȫڣڣ״Щ
ʱ֮ϣаϢǹϢ׳˵ǣܴ˿ѾǹϢȥûʲôӰˡ
ҶӹӣȻ
˵ͷӣʵ൱ڰ벽Ʒױ𣬲ܴ̼뾫ʹ࣬ԣҪ׼
ʹࣿ
ҶЦЦµľʹࡣ˹ӣȻлǰ
뿴һҶ˵ʲôȴû˵Ĭһ˲߰ɣҡ˵ţһӣת˲䣬ʧԭء
ʧһӺ֮ǰĿϵֳ˳С
ϿһԵĿʲôˣ
Ĭһ˲Ȼ˵ϡ
˫΢УʱһԵĻߵҾãϡ
ϵҲϡ
ϣΪʲô
ϵһˣ澳ǿ߽ߣڸǲ˻ɢĻϢǿڶ׷ǹɻϢȴֱʧˡ
˵⣬˶٣ֵûǵʶ鲻СӵϢû´ķڸϢ
һĨ⣬ΪθղŲ
΢΢ҡͷҿݼȻңǣ˿ҲûҪӲҲȥ鷳ҪػһؾҪ֪Ҷ
˵⣬һĨâҿݼҵĶ˭Ҳߡ

ǡ
صǺҶֱӻصԼĸУȻ˺ڡ
һڣҶҵСףʱСצбһľǰǿŻСڻǰСֹֹš
ҶһСף˵ǿŻ϶ǱС׹ģֻС׹ʲôأ
ʱǿŻͻȻ˲ȻһһСԣţһɢ˳ЩȫûСڡ
һԵСһ˲˲ضС죬ڴ֮ɫ
һĻҶˡСΪʲôҪջˡ
ΪС죡
ڻԴԴϵĻӿ£С꽥ʵһĻҶʱһɣȻܹҽСġԼ˰ʱҶСԼ϶ע£С컺۾
ҶæߵСԣȻû°ɣ
СһЦȻӦòˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻģڣ㲻ġ
ʱСͻȻɵҶǰţſҶǰȻ߿޻ԴҶţܿ죬ȫɫûˡ
Ҷ


1654 Сѣ
УСԽԽģЩͬһӿ
һᣬڵķΧڱǱɫû
ҶС׵СԴȻСһôˣ
С̧ͷһҶȻֽԴҶǰʹ
Ҷ
ԼһӺСײҶİƽС׽֪СΪʲôʹˡ
ˣ
Сѵһ̣̫ˡԣƲסԼУȻͿ
֪ʱҶʱЦá
СȻѾѹޱȣΪ˵ʵ̫̫ˡˣڵС컹ҪлڣСĻָٶǷǳģԼƣ¾Ϳ԰ָ׻ָ
С죬СЧ𣿡ҶͻȻ
Сһ˻֮ϣȻǿŻϣ룬ȻӦãǸСŮЩ⣬Чܲô󡣡
⣬ҶɫʱʱСֵûϵҹƣ¾ͻѹ
£
ԣҶɫʱһɣС˯ôãҲǸˡӦߵģҪС͵Сߵļġ飬ûǡ
ҵ׼С߻ؼң
СԼСһҶص˵ڵڡʱֻˣϾϦ
ϦڱչشҶһֻعڳֻؾ
Ϧ츳ͼãֻؾ˵ûʲôѶȡ
һԵİϾڵأһŵ䣬ŵѧĵá
ҶϾʱ˹ŵ䣬ȻҶ
ҶߵϾǰȻеĹŵ䣬Կ𣿡
Ͼ΢΢ͷеĹŵݵҶǰҶӹŵ䣬ɨһۺʱ
ŵڣķʽĵãˣÿһĵú棬Ľͣĵнͣÿһ磬жϸĽͣһϸгעЩ
Ȿŵȫһ̿飡
ãҶ˹ŵ䣬Ȼã
Ͼ΢΢ͷÿۿµջ񡣡
ҶЦЦȻ󽫹ŵݵ˰Ͼǰҽ
Ͼ΢΢ͷã
Ҷ֣˵ҲջģΪĿǰΪֹһУֻҶܹսⲫ
ҶЦǾô˵ˡ
˵ţԭأȻóöǰĵҶɫΪиܵһЩļµ
ĬãҶȥ
ڣ͵ػһɰɫɢ˿ܿ죬ǹɰɫɢȫ֮Уһ̣ڵ࣬ѪҺɰɫš
ʹ
ʹ
ǴʱҶĸо
ǹɰɫɢ֫ٺʱǸоԼڷ·ڱһһ㣬һջҪֲһ̣ʹ̲סҽ
ãӲסˣ
ϾɾԱߣôţҲүһ㣡
ģҶ鿪ʼŤ鶯鶼ѾŤΡͬʱȫµͻȻΪ˻ҽ
ţȫµƤͻȻð˵С档
žž
ЩСֺҶȫʱһըġž
ϾߵҶǰŴʱҶһĨǡ
ΪʱҶ·Ҫըһ㣡
ʱҶǷǳܵģܣϵģоϡǵ̼Ĳ뾫
ϵʹԼϵʹȫرģرϵʹʹ
ãܹܵס
ʱһһȥʱƣѾܹӦʹˡҲָƽϵЩϸСȴûʧ
ЩϸС£ʼɱ䡣
ҶϵЩϸСѾʧ˿̣ҶɫҲ׻ָƽ
һҶϵЩϸСѾʧĳһ̣۾ţվȻͷ˿Լ壬˿̣Ѿ˹Żɫ
Ҷֻգսһֱֻ̣۶ʱһϸССߣ

ǿŵڴﵽ
ȻǲӲ澳ǣȴҲᱻ澳һɱˡǰǸ޷Ӳ澳ǿһġȻ޷Ӳ澳벽澳ǿǿȴ˵ˡ
Ͼ⣬֮Ȼ֮뽣ӡһڵİûǰôˣаġ֮ãӡе㲻ˡ
ΪĽӡ޷ǿĽ⣬ǿһĽ⣬ǵǿ˵пˡ
֮ҪкڣǶԷܹһɱһȻܹڼ̵ʱڻָ

ҶһȻϾʱϾȴ΢΢Ȼ·
ԣҶ΢΢һһ̣ɫЩΪղЩϸСԵʣѾΪҽҲ˵ǹģ
ҶЦЦȻæóһϮ۴ϡ
ʱϾﵽˣ
Ҷ˵ͷҵѾﵽĿǰļޣҲ澳ǿ⣬һߺ˵ˡȻš
Щǲóģ簲ϾϾȻֻؾǣʣϾܹƿ˵ϾǿµĽ꼼ܹƿ
֮ʵˣҲСκˣ
Ͼ΢΢ͷ˽磬ǿߺܶ࣬㣬ңЩǿߣ̫ҪϱǿΨˣܹõĻȥ
ҶЦЦȻɫЩңˡ
ϾһҶ֮䣬ˡ
Ҷ˵ͻȻüͷһ壬ˣ
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
ʵС
Ҷ߳ң⣬档
濴һҶȻֱǿˣ
Ҷ£
΢΢ȻиϢܻȤ
ʲôҶ
½ģҵõϢ½½ԪնϵȻ½ǵĳ⣬Σա
Ҷ˫΢У½ΪʲôҪô
濴һҶȻ½Ӹ߹ϵܲߵĿܣҰ㡭
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
棺
һϢҶͻȻǰȻ½ģ
Ҫʲô
Ҷֱ棬㣬½ң


1655 ȫҹײ׼
Ҷпһľ֣ߴرѪɱˣܾôġһΣ½֣Ŀʵ㣬ԣȥ½ңֻȥͶײ
ҶߵǰȻֱ棬Ҹô
ܣֻҪ㲻ǣʲôıûã
ܣ
ҶͻȻЦҳʱ½ȻֻؾǸ˹ڣΪңۣ½ңȴұܣ
ĬϢȻԴΪأף
ף
Ҷֱ棬˵û飬⡣ǣҶ˵׷ϡ˲ңҲˣ½ûиҶҶܸߣΪҲܴѣҶΪνĴֶҶľˣ
滹˵ʱҶȴͻȻ˵һΣ½ģڸߴˡԣ
濴ҶãȻָһһ׹ûҶüģϵǧĵͼϵ˴ҵĵַ˰˴ңΣյĵط
˵⣬ͻȻͣΪҶѾʧԭء
Ҷ뿪ǹǧʱԡ
һе㲻ÿƣԣ޳
ǧʲôģϣ𣿶˵ֵԽԽݲźá𣿡
΢΢ҡͷһĨǣɳ
ǧǷһĨЦɳΣܿ𣿡
ԣ΢΢һɣҲǡ
һԣĬ·û˵Ļ

Ҷڵõͼûͣٶȳ½
ҶߺǳУĳһǶʱһĨЦݣӣү塣
գҡҡеȣߵܣΪ־ֻܰ㵽ˡܲɱҶͿ½ҵˡ˵꣬תʧԭء

֮кҶɨһܣȻҽһգ˻һʧߵǿ
½ҡ
½λ׿ϵԶһǿߣҲҪٷҹ
һ·ϣҶûнԼԼٶ˼¡
ããǿ֮УһһһǿһĿռѷ졣
׿ϵ׿մ½
׿մ½½ҵ磬Ҳ½ҵܲ
׿ճǡ
׿ճ½һǣ׿մ½һǡ˿̵׿ճǳſڱҪֵĶ࣬ΪڳſڵϷһӡ
ӣ½裡
½裬½ҵȻ֪ģӦ˵½½һеģϾ½ڲ½ҵ£ֻؾҵ⻹ﵽ˹Ԫ
ʵ½˶½軹Щģ½Ҹ߲㶼ػ½ҵ뷨
Ȼû뵽½½½Ԫն
½ȻţǱ½ԪնȴǲˡΪʱ½ԪնѾһӰ񣬲ʮߡ
ʮߣ
һΪֲ֣ϵǧУʮߣǱʵжֲϾ½ҵӣҲһ½Ҽ½ҿ϶ġ
£һӳ˳ſڣӣϡ
̧ͷ½裬ãҶ𣿡
ǽϣ½軺۾һϣ֣Ҫɱɱүүߴߴʲô
ǷһĨЦеƢⲢûʲôáģ϶šڴ֮ǰȿҶˣȻǲҾͻȥ
֣ҶĻ𣿡
ʱһͻȻԶܿ죬һ۵ӳ˳ſ¡
½ӣ½Ԫն
Ͽ½ԪնԪն֣˴ε£ͱˡԼͿˣ
½Ԫնɫã֣˵⻰ҾͲˡȻѪԵȴͬ㡣£½Ԫն顣
ԥ£Ȼ˴ܽ½轻ѾܸжˡģԪն֣˴εͱˡ½Щϼһ½鷳
½ԪնһЩϼһ֣ԣȣѾУԣģΣұؽȫ֮λ
ԥ£Ȼ˵ͷҾͶлˣ
Ȼô˵ȴЦβ½Ԫն֮ʵĿģҪ½Ԫն½ԪնͬҪ
Ϊ½ҵӿɲõģֻҪ½ү𣬾ͺпܽԣ½ԪնʱǸߴʤҪѰǿԮ
໥ã
˵Щү֮䣬ǰ˴໥֮䶼ˣ
ϵĻ½Ԫն΢΢ͷȻתͷǳǽϵ½裬½裬ò˵㻹Ǻ˲õģҲ޴Ȼһ½ңΪػ½ң
˵⣬ЦЦˡ֪Ūˡ֪ΪʲôΪÿǰһڴԣ𣿡
ǽ֮ϣ½ǷһĨЦǰ½ɳڶ
½ԪնһЦȻתͷһԵϣ֣Ҷ𣿡
ϵҶĵ飬Ӧû
½Ԫն΢΢ͷ˵иŮӣŮʵΪǿ󡭡
ЦģŮˣȥԸ
½ԪնһϣȻЦѾ׼ȫˡ
Ȼ
Цεʷҿɲݣ
½ԪնЦͺãģһһ֮
΢΢ͷǾͶлˣ
½ԪնЦЦȻתͷǽϵ½裬Ǿ͵Ȱɣ
ʱһһȥתۣһȥȻҶûг֡
磬½ԪնϣЦ֣õǲˡ
ϵλõܿ³çʵҲĻص˰
˵ţ̧ͷǽϵ½裬½裬ѾһˣҲȻҾ£һ̡
ţ
ʱ½ԪնͻȻ½裬Ц½裬ûкȥҶ
½迴½Ԫն½轻ѣģûкڲڡӸˣҲˣΪ֪һ죬϶Ϊұ𡣻УյģҪǲһԴŤҹ
½Ԫն˫΢Уûлˣ
˵ţҪ֡
ʱһͻȻܿ죬أţɢȥһӳԶ
ȻҶ
ԶҶȥϣңȫҹײ׼𣿡


1656 Ӱʮ
ԶҶĻɫʱӦô˵Ҷ֮ǰԼĹײ׼𣿡
Ҷ
У˿Ҷ
Ҷ֪ĻǱȽٵģϾҶûϵǧ˶֪ǰҶү֮һ
үս
ԶҶ̧ͣͷǽϵ½裬½ʱҶɫʱˡ
ǽϣ½迴ҶȻ΢΢ҡͷʲôģ۵ģ۵ѣǻ𣿾ڣҲҲԣ˵ЩƨˡϽ˽Ȼҷţʵ̫ˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻҾ
˵ţתͷһԵϣ㲻ҪˡҪҵأǰ˽гȺŹ
˵ʱҶȴǰ˰֣Ҳǲҵģ˽гұ˷ʱˡ
ҵ
ԶһĨҶԼ޵ˣŮˣү£Цǣ㻹ԼҿҲǸŮ˵ķˡ
Ҷʼ磬ŮҲһֱ£бҲȥҸŮ
ǷһĨ
ҶɨһܣȻϣܱܲŮһߴߴ᣿ҪȺŹǵǾսݣңǾͰ˽гһ˵ȫ𣿡
ȫ

˿ҶҶʵΣǴĻܰ

ԶЦЦãȻ뵥Ҿ㵥
˵꣬һʱһɫԲֳϣҪʱͻȻһ߳˳УߵǰһССġ䡱֡
ɵĳϣ
߿һҶϣӴȻδʼǡ
ʱͻȻ˽˶Թ֮Լ졣
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ķǳԣԼ˽˶Թɵͱˡ˭˭ɵ
߿һҶĬãȻ˵ͷǣ
˵꣬һʧԭء
ʧϿҶҾ֪ûŮˣʲôǡ
䣬һԲֶʱҶȥԲ֮ΧռֱӱؾҲ
ԶҶ˫΢Уһ̣νһն
ʮնν
Ѿܹʮնν
ΧĿռʱһţԲֱӱһĵɶءȻʱԲ֮ͻȻֳȭͷС֣С˲Ҷ
죬ǳĿ죡
Ҷɫ䣬΢΢һɲǼ䣬ֶ
䣡
ըϸСԲֶʱĵɶʱҶȴɫһ䣬һ̣־ٽǰһ

һڳ𣬽ţҶ˱سɣ
ͣһ㺮ڳһҶ˫΢Уٽٴγǰһ

һٴ𣬶ҶҲٴαس˰ɵľ롣

Ҷһݣû뵽ϾȻʹðģҶԷⰵ軹˵ǿ
ʱͻȻ⣬ÿһⶼϸţë۸ɼ
ܣ
ֻܿܣ
ҶĬһ˲һ̣һɿֲ⾳ʱڱӿ
䣡
⾳ճ֣ǱըѿҲȻɢţϸСԿл׹
ʱԶͻȻʧԭأţһҶǰ
ҶҲͰνһն
䣡
һӰֱӱҶһ˰ɿ⣡
Ӱϡ
Ȼ˵ʱʱҶûоٽȥҽ͵һ棬Ȼ˻һ
䣡
ֱӱɢܿ죬Ҷϵǰ
һĨɫ˫һУɲǼ䣬еֻһ˲ǽҶû
ЩʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţЩâ֮д˳
䣡
Уһ
ʱһͻȻ˺˳ܿ죬ϵǰ
˫΢УȻЩ͹ҶĽˡҴ⣬һУʱһԲֶ
䣡
Բײпռʱһţֱӱɿ⡣
ϸͣһ˲
䣡
ٴαɣ
һҶûм׷תһ½λõȥ
ҪĿĲɱˣˣɱˣֻ˳
Ȼδ½ǰһɫǳߺ˹
оһĻҶһĨɫһ̣תνһն
䣡
ǵɫȻѣҶеʮɡҶתͷȥʱԶһӡӣ½Ԫն
½ԪնЦЦҶүֵıԿɻû
Ҷһ½Ԫնǣ
½ӣ½Ԫն½ԪնЦ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ½ĵϵģ԰ɣ
½Ԫն˵ͷȷʵңôҶүҪΪ𣿡
ҶеĽ½ԪնȥôģҲôԣ룬ھҪô
£ֱӡ͡һʧԭء
Զ½ԪնǷһĨЦһֽ̣ճȭȭϣ˸ţ͵سǰһȭ
䣡
жȻһըţҶֱӱ˰ɿ⣬½Ԫնֻ˲ʮɣʱԶҶͻȻֻһ
½ԪնкâһҪ֣ȻʱҶȴͻȻʧԭأͬʱһԵȴɫ䣬ΪӰͻȻ䶯ܿ죬һı
һ̣˶ˡ
ҶʵһʼĿϣ
䣡
ʱһըͻȻ𣬽ţϱǵȻɢͬʱһӰϱˣһˣʮɣ
˵ˣҶ
ԶҶ̧ͷȥԣʱһӰˡ
ʱͻȻЦҶ㵱ⰵ֮Ǿ޵ĺܣԣô᲻һأڣʲô𣿡
֣
ʱǽϵ½ͻȻваеĻ͸ϽӣԺΪұͿˡ
ߣ
ʱǷһĨ죬߲ˡ˵ţһӣʱѪܡ
ѪҶ˫۶ʱѪѪһѪѪҪǿࡣѪǰ벽澳ģ
һһ벽澳
ʱϾҶԣϾճ֣һͻȻԳеգۼϾǰ
ϾһУţгǹ͵ش̳

һ̶ļ𣬰Ͼֱӱ˰ɿ⣡
ӰʮųСǹڤĩ
ʱУ˾


1657 ֹʲôأ
ҶתͷȥֻԶһ۵ӣӿֻжʮ꣬ͷһɫ˿˿ͷһԺ󡣶Уһǹ
ڤĩ
Ӱʮǿߣ
ڤĩߵҶԶͣȻһԵϣˣҪ˭
ϺٺһЦ磬û뵽ˣ
ڤĩһϣȻĸ׵ķϣһΡ
΢΢ͷȻһԵİϾסŮɣȻܹɱĻǾ͸áֻǣɱ⣬Ů⾳
ڤĩתͷϾǸֻؾѹư벽澳İϾ
ϵ˵ͷǡ
ڤĩ΢΢ͷʶʶ
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭأʧһ̣һǹâʱڳһ
ԶϾü΢һ̣籼״̳

жʱһ̶ţϾڤĩԳˣڤĩ˰ʱͣϾȴɣ
ȻеϵɫȴΪڤĩǿߣ
Ͼֻֻؾ
ԶڤĩҲһ˿أû뵽ϵǧ棬ֳһϧ㾳̫ͣȻҿܶκβ㣡
˵ţҽһ棬˶ʱһâϾǰһɵľʱгǹͻȻ̳ǹһ˲һͷõɫͷͻȻǹ֮ϡ
ڤĩǰϾ˫΢У΢΢һ࣬ҽڵ棬һ̣ҽ͵˶ʱͬһ֧ҵļ˳ȥ
˵Ŀ֮УϾеڤĩдͷǹݺײһ
䣡
ǲ
߸һӴжʱһţΧռֱӹ˿ϾڤĩԳű˴˵ĺˣ
һˣ˶ǧɣ
ҶһڤĩȻһԾҪֵİϾ𣿡
Ͼ΢΢ͷԣ
Ҷ˵ͷסһᣬҺܿ
ã
Ͼ£ֱӻһһԵڤĩҲͬʱʧԭء
ܿ죬Ͼڤĩս
Ͼڤĩս˸£Ҷתͷ½Ԫնûзϻһֱ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾϵǰţνһն
ʮնν
һΣûڱ߶ڵ֮ͷų˽ɱ⡣
һ
䣡
½ԪնΧĿռֱӹѿǿֱӽΧسˣ˴󾪣æ˳С
Ҳɫһ䣬Ҳû뵽ҶһȻ˵ǿҴ⣬æԲֵǰ
䣡
һըԲֱӺȻըѿϱҶǿһǧ⡣
Ҷҡ׷ʱѪͻȻҶǰţǿֱѹҶʱҶͻȻҽ͵һգת˲ֱӻһʧԭأٴγʱѾԶϵ
һ̣һӰ˶ʱϵԣţһһذ׳Ҷ˹ȥ
һΣҶԤϣǺӰ˳ֵһ̣ҶͻȻһ䣬ҪϵһֱӴǺӰˡ
ǺӰȻû뵽Ҷ⧲£ҶذִֻܲٵҶĽ

һ̶ĽཻǺӰֱӱҶһɿ⡣һ˺Ӱ˺ҶʣȻתνԵϾһն
ʮնν
ӳɱ뽣⻹֮նν
ҶһĿֲɫʱ䣬˫͵һɲǼ䣬һܲ͸һڱӿһ˲ǽҶûˡ
ȻЩҶĽʱʱͬѩһ㣬˲ɢ
䣡
һֱӱɿ⣬䵹ɵһ̣һֱֻԿ˳ȥ䱾˸һͣбھѪ
ȻʱҶȴͻȻ󣬲һĻɫʱ䣬Ҫ֣ȻʱѾˡһֱӴĺ󱳣ֻ־ͣ
һ̣彩ӲڲҶ˿
һԣԭҶڴ˿Ҳͣжʱ
˶û뵽ҶʵȻ˵Ŀֲڶ̶̵ʱھֱӽϸˡ
½ԪնҲû뵽ʹϲҶǲ϶ҲȻʵҶĲ಻ǲ󣬶Ƿǳ
رҶİ֮򣬾ɵѣΪⰵ֮ڣҶٶȾǿ߶ˡҶɱ뽣ҲĿֲ
ܵ˵ҶʵԶԶ
ԶҶ΢΢еĽʱֽ弸֣½裬Ҳ˵ڶΣ𣿡
ɫһãȷң
ʱһ⻮
ͣ
˵Ŀ֮УһֱֻҲֱ׷˳ȥȻûвҽУɫȴޱѿ
ʱҶֵûҵĻ˵½裡
ϳĬΣȻ½ԪնԶ½ԪնһãͻȻһ½ԣȻֵ½Դϣ֣Ȼھ½Դң
üͷ΢壬һĨɻ
Ҷ˫΢У˵ʱһͻȻ𣬡ɱϣȻھ½Դ𣿡
½ԪնĻҶüͷʱ½Ԫնڸһ
ܿ죬ˡ
ԷҪƴ
ɱϣϵһ϶ưոݣΪڻ֮ʱɱϣһ϶
ʱǵҶ𣬡ɱϣھɱ½裡
Ĭһ˲ҶеĽͻȻϵĸɲǼ䣬˫Բţɫʻɢ
սҶһӣԶѪյ˺ڣȻԶ½Ԫն
һĻԶ½ԪնͻȻЦǺǣһĻֵУ
ʱһͻȻԳ𣬡ߣ
£һԳԾ˳ܿ죬ӳҶ治Զ
ҹ壡
˿̣Ǳ֮ɫߵܣһˡһˣ
˵ţҶҶúݵģȻֵ֮飬㡭
ʱҶͻȻĻԭҾѾ޳ˣǼ㣬Ҿãһ̫ˡ
ҶĻָϢͻȻҡͷһЦҶ٣ϸүүɡǾȸˣ
֣ôˣ
ʱһڳ𡣺ܿ죬ϳҶԶ
Ȼʱ壡
ϵ꣬ɫʱޱѿ
ʱҶͻȻղ̫ᣬûлٵ꣬ѽɫôôѿѵ⻵ĺ£϶ǻĺ£Ȼɫôôѿأ
˵⣬ҶͻȻ̯˫ֹ֣ʲôأ


1658 ײ㣬
Զɫ
ǼҶɱϺųģǣû뵽ҶֻǻϵûлٵϵꡣֻҪûлٵϵ꣬ϾͲ
ΪҵʵҪʲô£
ûһҶƴļƻͳˡⱾѵϴ˿п϶ޱȺġ
˷۱
УҶãȻ΢΢ͷЦ˵ıȫƾԸ£ҶˡҶʮܣǴϸ
Ҷֻǲ뱻˵ǹʹˣ
ȷʵɱϣǣɱϣʣһ϶Ȼ壬ʵûҪ޴顣
ֻҪɱϣǺʣϿ϶ᱨ塣ҧ飬ȻԸ
ǣҲֱ̫ӻٵϵ
һԣ俴壬ĸ磬ǺĻƣ
΢΢һЦˣ˵棬ߵʲôУʹĸҽžǡ˵ţͷ½裬ɱ˰ɣ
Ļ½ԪնֽճȭȻһȭ½˹ȥ
ʱҶѾһ˲ȻʱһͻȻЯһɰ׹ռֱӱ˺ѷ飬ޱȣ
ܵȣҶɫʱûȥȣΪȥȣ½϶͵ùˡ
½ԪնֱӱˣȻȴֱӺҶĺϡ
أ
һըҶֱӱ˳ȥת˲Ҷֱ½ԣȻָһ̽һƽ⽫½ϵ룬ţѪס½裡
Ҷͣһɫʱ˲
Ҷ˫΢Уתνһն
䣡
Ҷֱӱǧɿ⡣Ҷֱͣӻһ׹ɢԭأٴγʱѾҶǰţͻȻչ˿ɲǼ䣬һɿֲбӿ
䣡
ҶδӦ˱ٴαǧɡ
Ҫ֣ʱһǹͻȻͣ½ŲȻתͷǱǹһֲָ̣һָǹǹ֮ϡ
ˣ
ǹһȻ˲䵹ɶأܿ죬ǹǱһֻֽסֻ֣ڤĩ֡ڽסǹһֱֻ̣۶ʱһȻ˽ʮɣ
ͣڤĩ˿ԼѾѿ֣Ȼ·壬У֮ɫ
һڤĩתԶҶһ̣Ĭһ䲻֪ʲôţ˻һ׹Ҷǰ
Ҷǰһ̣Ŀռֱӱѿһںӡ
Ҷͫ΢ʣȻ͵ذνһն
ʮնν
ӳɱԪնν
ҶΧĿռֱӱѿ
һ̡
䣡
һҶĽȻɢţٴαǧɿ⡣
Ҫٴγ֣ʱϾǰţϾ͵һ̳
˫΢УֻƳǰֱ̽ĵ˰ϾеǹϣǹһӴǾһţֱ˹״
һĻϾͫʱһʱͻȻǰһ
䣡
Ͼ˴ǹֱӱǧɿ⣡
У𾪣
һԵҶ밲Ͼϡ˶û뵽ʵȻ˵ǿǿ˵Ŀֲ
һԣ忴һҶ밲ϾȻֿһһԵڤĩϣǣе
е
Ͼ˫΢УҪ֣Ȼ˱죬ˣڤĩµһֱ̣ӻһâʧԭء
Цһһ̣ҽųǰ̤һȻһָ
ָϣһĨİ׹⡣
˵Ŀ֮Уָٴڤĩǹⴥһ
ǲ
һӴ˵Ŀ֮Уڤĩеǹֱӹѿһ˲
䣡
˵Ŀ֮УڤĩеǹȻѣţڤĩֱӱɣһͣǳǰȻȶڤĩ˹ȥ
ڤĩȻ𾪣ɫȴǳƽ˵˶սʱ̬ҪԣԼ̬ȣ˵Ѿһ롣
ˣȻʵǷǳ侲
ڤĩйһ̣ǹֱӳȺ˹ȥ
ڸսӴȵһ̣ڤĩɫ䣬ת˲
ͣ
˵Ŀ֮Уڤĩֱӷ˳ȥʱͻȻȻһڤĩǰ
أ
һըڤĩֱӱǧɿ⣬һͣھѪ˳
ʱҽһ棬ʧԭءʱԶڤĩһĨһ̣һһǹС
䣡
ǹкһɿֲ⾳ͻȻϯ

ǹ⣡
һ̣ڤĩҽ͵һգֱӻһǹâʧԭء
ǹһ
ҶԣϾͻȻһǹĽϣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻתͷԶڤĩʧԭصһ̣ͻȻͣţ˫ǰһӡת˲һȭͷġġ˫ֶ
ܿ죬ССġġǹһڤĩһ
һӴ
䣡
һڳкȻ쳹ţԲǧڵĿռֱӹѿͬʱڤĩ˴ǹֱӵ˳ȥһɣ˽ǧɲͣ
ͣڤĩǵϥͬʱһĨǻ˳̼䣬ǰͱȾ˺ɫ
ˣ
Ӱʮڤĩˣ
Զ忴˿ԼģڣѾѡĬһ˲̧ͷԶڤĩӰʮǿûû
ԶڤĩĨĨǵѪȻ壬ǹϴߣ
ϴߣ
ڤĩĻ˶ʱһϡ
νϴߣ
νϴߣǻùЩߴеˣˣͱΪϴߣ
ЦЦȻһҶһԵϣһУǸĪĴ㣬дԼǸľŵ⣬ˣһû
˵⣬ĿҶϣ㣡
ʱҶ˫ͻȻһֱ̣˳ţֱӻһʧԭء
һֻأ
Ҷʧһ̣ԶɫͻȻһ䣬͵չ˿
䣡
һըֱӱǧ⣬ͣеȱǡǲһ˿ţȻޡ
ͬʱһĨʺ죡
ԶҶбָ棬Ȼ壬װײ㣬㣡


1659 ¸
ԶĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷҶ꼼û뵽㻹С
ҶҪȻȻ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷͲ˷ʱˡǴȼ
˵꣬תȥ
һԵ½ԪնһҶˣλ½Ҳӭǡ
ʱһͻȻԳһ
½Ԫն˫΢УֻƳǰһġ
䣡
ɢ½ԪնȴǱʮɡ̧ͷԶֵҶ˵ʱҶͻȻôˬҧң
½ԪնֽճȭʱͻȻԳд½֣һʱ
½Ԫն俴һҶţ˵꣬תȥ
ô֣ҶԣϾʡ
ҶЦһǵȻ֡ȣɱǣ½澳ǿ߳֡ΣǲڸƴΪû塣ƴǿ϶Ҳùҿɲֹϣбү÷ү
Ͼ΢΢ͷû˵
ҶһԵ½裬û°ɣ
½跭˷ۣ㿴û𣿡
Ҷһ½ĸȻȥһ취ָ
½΢΢ͷ飬ϵǧ沢ʲô˵飬Ϊ̫̫ණܹ޸ˡ
Ҷ
ʱһԵͻȻ𣿡
Ҷתͷϣ֣
ϵ˵ͷͲ˵ˣ޷μӴȣǣǴ磬壬Լ֮ǰ˵ǾŵܣǶʡ͵ĵƣҲ֣޷ǿ⡣
Ҷҡҡͷ֣
Ϊʲôϳ
ҶһϣΪҲպڱͱһУ˲ңҲˡԣ鷳Ǿ͵ˡ鷳߸ģұ֤´Ͳ˵Ļˡ
˵꣬Ҷתʧԭء
ԭأϳĬãһԵڤĩû°ɣ
ڤĩ΢΢ҡͷһȥ
ܿ죬ڤĩҲʧԭء
ڤĩߺ½Ԫնֳ˳ſڡ
Ϊʲôǣ½Ԫնǵʵȫԣ
΢΢ҡͷ¡
£½Ԫն塣
˵ͷԭҲܹ£ǣû뵽ҶȻὣ꼼ɱĽ⣬ڼǽ꼼ʹңҴ⡣
бԭ򣬶𣿡½Ԫն
΢΢ͷҶлһľô˽Ӳ澳ǿߡó˽Ǹʹ϶ҲḶʹĴۡ
˵⣬̧ͷ˿ʣȻߣƱˣͬҰһٲ
½Ԫն˵ͷˣ
ܿ죬ʧԭء
ʧãһӰͻȻ֮ǰڵλá
ĬϢȻҡҡͷϧˡ
˵꣬һʧԭء

Ҷ½صǡ½ȻˣȴûΣգҶƺѾжȴһͨˡ
ٺ½Ҷ˷ɸȻҵ档
Ϊ½
Ҷһ棬ȻȻ鶼֪ˣҾͲ˵ˡûʲôҽĵ
ǰӵйҽεı컯Ȼ컯ѾС϶ʳԹˡ컯ǰõЩС϶Թˡ
С׻϶ģ
΢΢ȻָһһöɫӳҶǰܵЧ
Ҷһ棬Ҳ½ȻҪ̣ʱͻȻȻ쿪ʼ׼𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ׼ʲôû׼
֪ڵĴ𣿡
Ҷ棬Ը꣡
кܶҪ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪
֪濴Ҷô֪
ҶЦЦͱˣ˵Ҫ˵ġ
΢΢ȻӦ㸸׵һЩ¸ģҲãʡҶ͡ңϣǱﵽһĳ̶ȣǼɱ㣬Ųɱ㡣Ϊϵ϶ɱ㣬ǣǰǱ㹻ã
Ҷǵôﵽʲô̶ȲУ
ӣΪӣֻҪΪӣͿԵõϵıӻӦ˵ֻҪΪӣͿԵõҴ󲿷˵ıӻܶ˲Ϊӡ
ЩˣҶʡ
㸸׵һЩ£رͷЩ¡Щˣᱨǣڲ£ǣպҺˣԣǿ϶ڰֽţ
Ҷ˵ͷˣһСĵģ
˵꣬ҶתҪߣʱֵסֻгΪӣܹԼţ˻ţף
Ҷһ棬Ȼת˷䣬Żһʧʡ
Ҷߺ󲻾ãǹǧͻȻ˳С
޿һ棬Ȼͳղ˵Ļʲô˼
浭Ŭȥ֮λȻʲô˼
޿ãȻôоͳʲô
ЦЦޣʲôϵ˼ʲôɱҵЩүȥ֮λôȥɱЩүѵûо֮λڵĴܻ֮ܿһʼͻѡ˳𣿡
޿ãȻЦҶˡ˵⣬˶٣ֵͳӦ֪ϵǱʵԣ϶ǲϲ飬𣿡
浭أ
˵ʱǧͻȻͲҪ˷ʱˡҶ˼ΪںˣҪȥϵˡ˵⣬棬Ƿͳȥȥ
˵ʱͻȻҿԼȥɡ
ǧһ۹ޣȻ˵ͷãȥҡ
˵⣬ɫͻȻ䣬Ҫ֣ʱһͻȻس󣬽ţһ֮ϡ
ӲǱˣҶ
ǧ󾪣Ƕû뵽ҶȻڰУ
涼û뵽ղŻΪҶѾȥ
ҶԼߵǧ˵Ҫȥϵȥʲô𣿡
һԣ޳ҶߴԪ˧֮һɱضᡭ
ô
ҶͻȻ˹޵Ļᱻͷ¸򣡡
˵ţ͵
ͣ
ǧԴֱӱҶ壬˲ݻǧ꣡
һɱǧҶ˹ޣɫһ䣬һ̣תһʧʡ
ӣ
ҶЦһһ̣ҽ͵һ壬ֱӻһѪʧʡ
ܿ죬ǿ߶ˡ
Ҷ׷ɱߴԪ˧֮һĹޣ
֪ϢʱɫʱŹˡرǽɵĵ
ɵڵ֪ϢʱĬãȻһڷʲô衭


1660 
ۣ֮ŭ
Ҷʲô
ˣ
ԭҶǧȻ⣬ҲûҪͶǳ֣ԷͬöԷԣһֱûж֡
ȻһΣԷȻʫŮ⣬̵ˡ
ԣϳ֡
ʲôԪ˧Ԫ˧ɱ˵
ȻҪӵģȻߴԪ˧֮һǣҪ֪ҶԼڲɱѾﵽǿֲİ֮򣬻صİϾߡ
һ˵£ǸܵסҶ밲Ͼֵġ
ԣѡӣ
ܿ죬ͣΪҶ֪ʱǰ
Ҷûзϻһ̣˫ֽһӡȻвţܿ죬ҶµѥͻȻȻʱҶͻȻ˫ѥյ˺ڣ
Ҷѥյڵһ̣޶ʱסˣʱ˫ѥֻصҶĽ¡޿һҶȻмţҶµѥȴûа㶯
һ̣ɫޱѿ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
ҶȻǲߴϻģߴϻ˷ʱ仹˷ʱ䡣ҪɱޣΪҿ϶˳ܣԣҪҵ˳ǰɵޣ
Ҷʧһ̣жʱһĨ⣬һֻ̣Ƴǰһ
䣡
һɿֲͬˮһкֺǰĿռֱͼ˳һ
ȻҶĽȴֱӽЩռ˺˿ţǿĽ˹ޡ
䣡
һڳ쳹𣬶ǹҶĽسˣһˣǧɲͣ˿̣ȫʮˣ
޸ͣҶٴγǰţһֱӳԴ
ʮնν
ɫ΢䣬һһ޴Ļɫ޶ܶʱͷ
䣡
ܸһӴеĶֱܱӹѿǿֱӽص˳ȥ
һ˹ޣҶҽ͵һգ˻һⱩ
Ҷʧһ̣ɫ䣬ӿûе޶֮УȻһף޶ֱҶ
޶ҶǰаɾʱͻȻһȻ͵ը˿
䣡
һɿֲɢ׵Ҷֱӱˣ˲ʮɺҶҽͻȻ͵һգ˻һ⳯ǹޱȥ
Ǿ޶ֱӱ˺ѿת˲Ҷٴǹ޵ǰʱȴɫƽ塣
Ϊ֪ʱһ߳˹޵ǰ
ߣǽɵɣ
ֳǰһ̽Ȼһ
䣡
һ˲Ҷг֮ϣһţҶֱӱǧɿ⡣
Ҷͷ˿ԼֱۣȻ̧ͷԶɣʱɫʱһΪǳˡ
ɵһҶҪʲô
ҶһԵĹޣɱң
ƤһſڴƻƣҶԼ֪ʲô裬Ȼң㻹ҪҪ
ɿһ۹ޣȻҶûҪɱ㣬ֻɱ
ʱֵɵ˲ҪɱңѾɱǧԪ˧ɵ֮Է
޵Ļ˫۶ʱ΢Ȼ·֮ǰķ䣬ܿ죬ɫţ̧ͷԶҶɱ
Ҷ˵ͷɱˡ
һ˲˲ҶԼҿ޷죿
ҶҡҡͷûôϾ˼ء
ʲô˼ɵ
Ҷǧһʼҵң˵ҪͶңʵΪ˿ңȻǼʵǿǾ޷׿ңԣȥץҵˣԴвңڰ󣬾ֱӳˡ
ҶĻüͷ΢壬ȻһԵĹޣǹҪ˵ʲôȻʱһӰͻȻ·ңӰٶȼ죬գۼɵǰţһڳһ
˫΢У̧һơ
䣡
һֱӱ˰ɣʱһͻȻһҽ
̧ͷȥɫΪԶĹԴֱӷ˳ȥ
ǺӰȴֱӻһڹ⳯Զȥ
ߣ
һŭȣֳǰһץɲǼ䣬һֱֻ˺ѿռ䣬ǺӰץ˹ȥʱԶǺӰͻȻͣţתһ
ͣ
һ׵ڳһ
䣡
ɵֱӱ׵˿ţǵ׵˲ɵǰ
˫΢УֽճȭȻһȭ
ȭһɿֲʱȭк
䣡
ɢȻȴٴαسʮɣ
ʱǺӰѾʧ
һĻɫʱޱȵѿû뵽˾ȻƤӵɱˣˣԷ֮ززˡ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻ̧ͷһԵҶʱҶͻȻʵղǧҲɱģǸղˣ˾Ļ֣ǶԷɱģȥǼһɣ
ʵʱҲǷǳ𾪵ġ
Ҳû뵽ǺӰ˻ͻȻɱǹޣҲǣղŽ޹˳ŻǲţɿܶޣԷȻҲ֪ΪԷһӶѡɱڣ
ɿҶãȻղΪʲô֣
Ҷ΢΢һ漴æҡͷҴ򲻹ЦͲǹԣôܻأ
ɿҶһᣬȻֵ֪˭𣿡
Ҷٴҡҡͷ治֪Էǹ޵ĻʹˡԣǸɶɵȥȽϺãΪҸо棬Ҫ췴
췴ЦΪô𣿡
Ҷʼ磬ֻһ£ȥȥ飬顣һ£ˡ
˵ţҶתߡ
ʱͻȻҶǰȻĪԪ˧ôˣ
Ҷ̯̯֣ʲô¡ǹֲɱģ˭ɱģԼҲˡˣܲͷϰɡ
΢΢ҡͷȻܵɣ
ҶɫһͷҸ㣬ҪұСҰѹˡ
кôͻȻ
ԣҶ۾һôʲôô
ܺõĺôɵ
Ҷ룬ȻҲǲġ


1661 սۣ
ɿҶãȻʱ֪ˡ
˵ţһӣʧԭء
淿С
ʱ浥ϥأԶһӰˡ
ǧ
ӰͻȻѾˣǧҪСҶˣȻȴ˵Ĵ⣬޴
һԣ΢΢ͷû˵
һ󣬺Ӱ˿棬֪˼
ԣ۽΢ͷ͵ĸˡ
Ӱߵǰڵȣ֣𣿡
ɳĬֻȴǻսˡ
Ӱֵҳ֣
æң
ʱӰת棬棬Ǹڰ˴֮мǵ׵ĴڣǾõһԾΪӮݼҵĴڡ岻⣬룬ضѾԽӮҡ
ͷĬ
ӰֵңԸ⸨ΪҾˣΪʸҸǣڵң˭ʸҸ
ɳĬ
Ӱֵ棬֪Ѿﵽ벽澳ѾܹԿ澳ǿߡ
˫΢Уյĸˡ
ӰͻȻһӣУһãܿ죬һƬãã֮С
Ӱֱ棬ǿ߶ĸˣ⡣֡аܲ㣬δԼѡ񡣡
ԶĬΣȻվ
䣡
һɿֲƶʱӿ˳
벽澳
΢һǹУһֱ̣ӻһǹâ
ʱԶĺӰͻȻ̧־һ
ͣ
һ׵ͻȻڳһ׵ֺ󣬳ʶһ貵Ĺâ
䣡
Զֱӱǧɿ⣬еĳǹѾ촷ۣ
̧ͷԶĺӰˣǹϴߣ
Ӱ˫ָ󣬡أ
Ĭ
ʱӰֵ棬ʵң㶥⣬ıȴǺܺãܴҪĸ
ܻҷѣ㲻ѣҲܻԪˣ
Ӱ΢΢ҡͷˡҴ죬ؽͻڣһ¥Ȼ˵⣬俴棬Ӧòµҵˡ𣿡
΢΢ͷµˡ
Ӱ˵ңˣң𣡡
ɫһ䣬ʲô
Ӱ˵Ժͻ֪ˡ棬Ҳϲ˶ѿࡣ֪ĿģҶŵĻǵǸ޵еĻԸ⸨ǣڴ֮ǰþĸңȻ
ĬãȻһҪ󣡡
˵Ӱ˵
̧ͷӰˣҶһ·
Ӱ˵ֻҪҵ·ҿԲɱ
˵꣬һֱӻһʧ˳С
ԭأĬãȻ̧ͷʣ磬㾿

ɵ
кôҶæ˽ɵ
УɣˣˣҶʶǳϵ룬ػ䣡
˭
ˣȻָ֮ǰǸӰˡ
΢΢ҡͷ֪
ɫ΢ԷȻڳɱˣһǵɱˣ˶Լʵİ澳ǿ֮Уƺûóʹ׵簡ѵԷʵˣ
ʱͻȻҡҡͷӦò澳ǿߣ澳ǿߵٶػһա
ѵ澳ǿߣʱͻȻ
Ļɻɫѿرɣ֮ǰԷ֣ԼζǴ·磬һʼΪԷ澳Է澳··磬Ҳûʲô
ǣԷ澳

һᣬһۣ֪뵽ʲôɫԽѿ
ʱҶͷôأ
ҶĻ˶ʱջ˼ȻҶĬãɿ䣬΢΢ȻҶԸΪػߣ
ػߣ
Ҷüͷ΢壬һ
˵ͷһػң
ҶæҡҡͷûȤûȤػңûԶࡣ
üͷ΢壬֪ΪػζʲôζλȻǽɵ޷㡣
Ҷ۾һģ
һĻһԵ΢飬ȻæҿˡСҪΪػߣزػҲ֪϶Ҹļɹ
Ҷ
Ҳ΢΢ͷʺػߡ
仹Ҫ˵ʲôʱҶͻȻ˱ȭλǰҲػߣ⣬ôûʲôƨһ࣬鷳ĺܣˡ
˵꣬תһʧ˳С
Ҷȥ󣬳гĬһᣬͻȻػߡ
΢΢ͷģе󰡣
΢΢ҡͷҸое󣬶־ҡ
ô˵ɿ䡣
ûоҸûи顣壬ȻеѪԵϵǣȴһ鶼ûСǣù涼ûСܵ˵ûйУ
Ϊβ뿪ңͻȻ
俴һɣȻ뿪ңĸҡֲǲ֪ңжҪ˵⣬룬ϵжҪɣ
΢΢ͷЩ˻Щ˼ɣûй˼ɵһ̣ǿ϶ͻˡ˵⣬˶٣ֵУǣ̫ˡǣҲֹˡ
΢΢ͷȻܾһοܻ᲻̫ƽˡϧ˪ѾͷŮȻ˵⣬һ룬û˵ˡ
΢΢ҡͷҳϵظֻǣλŮ⣬˪ΪҼ׳ɳǸʱҾͿܲˡ
΢΢ҡͷֻѾͷİ
뻺ҲøģҼжˣ֣ӵһˣ˭Ȼ˷ˣá˵꣬תһʧԭء
УһۣȻҡҡͷ

ҶصԼĸУȻ󽫴ǵĹӸ½裬½˹Ӻ󣬿ʼˡ
Ҷ밲Ͼص˺ڡ
Ҷֱ˵Ĳ㡣
һΣĿĲսۣ


1662 ֮
֮ǰһսõ֪ЩӣûһǼ򵥵ġ
˵ģ壬ûԵİսʤ
ңҪģԶԶֹ壬⡭
ˣ
뵽ˣҶɫʱ
֮ǰ֪˿϶ǳǳǿǣǵ͹Էˡ֮ǰԷɵν棬ɶ·磬ңǹڶԷ֮ûоͱնɱˣ
󣬶Էʵǿ˺̶ֳȣ
У֮ѾУЩȥ˼ҲŹ㣬ȥ˼ҸŹ㡣磬ϵӵĻʱԷ϶ǲŹģ
ԣȥʲô˳УΪѡ˳϶ʬͷҪ֪ԼǸ˸ĵ֮У澳ǿ߿϶еģң˵Ǻö
ˣ
ʱ䣬ҿҪչءʱϾͻȻ
ҶϾô
ϾһЩ˵⣬˶٣ֵ֮ҿ϶㣡
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻ֪ҸоµġϾߵڣϾʵû͹кǰϾȴûС
Ͼ΢΢ҡͷģǣ̫ˡȻЩǣΪǿߵĶͬʱҲһεңӵĽ֮ǿΪû׷󽣵ļ£Ψ
˵⣬ߵҶǰֵ㲻ͬ飬޷Ψ޷ȥ׷󽣵ļ¡ԣĽûǿǣҲΪҲŸ㣡
ҶϾʱϾֵң׷ǿ׷ǽ£׷ػػˡȻûңӽǿ󣬵ǣʶǸҶǸΪԼˣΪеҶ
ҶЦЦ˵ˣȥɣ
Ͼ΢΢ͷҪ뿪ʱҶͻȻȵȵȣ
˵ţһһɫĶƳУɫƣӿݼǿơ
ҶƵݵ˰ϾУ㡣
ϾһҶеĶƣȻҡҡͷҲȥأ˵꣬תһʧԭء
Ҷ
ĬһᣬҶҡҡͷȻ󽫶ɲȥѧϾܹؼʱ̻Ƿǳõģرð밵ʴ߶ģضܹһ¥
պöܺҶ̧ͷԶĲķ䡣
ڣһƬʲôҲ
Ĭһ˲ҶŴȥȻĲſڴԼһʱͻȻһɿֲϯ
Ҷ˫΢Уҽһ棬ɲǼ䣬Ԫӿ˳ܿ죬ĽγһεĽǹȥ
䣡
Ľǹഥһɿֲ˱ཻɢ˿ת˲䣬ΧĿռ䷺һˡͬʱҶĽ⿪ʼѿűǹˡ
һĻҶɫ΢䣬ٴγǰ̤һһ̤һɺâϯ
ɱ⣡
ɱֺԶǹʱͣ
ڳжš
ҶҪȥʱڣͻȻٴӿһɿֲֺҶɱ뽣ȻɢԶҶɫ䣬Ҫ˿ȻȴѾˡ
ǹֱѹϡ
ѹϵһ̣Ҷɫʱ䣬һ̣оʮɽѹϣ⧲֮£ֱȥȥȥǿгסԼûйȥ
䣡
ʱɱ뽣ӿ˳Ȼճɱ⻹ǽ⣬˲Ǳǹ顣
һĻҶɫٴһ䣬û뵽صȻ˵ǿʱͻȻٴӿһǹֱѹϡ
ǲ
һ˲䣬ҶоԼˡ˫ŶҪˡ
ǹԽԽأԽԽǿõҶ˫ԽԽ䣬Ҫڵϡ

ҶһĨⱲӣ죬أֻĸסκˣ£
ţ
˿̣ڵɱ⣬ǽ⣬Ѿá
־
ھǿ־ǿгţ
ģҶʼŤˡŤ亹ͬٲһ¡֮⣬Խˣ˿̣Ѿȫ˹״
ˣϥֻв֡
ģϥѾڵ棬ҪڵʱҶһĨȻ͵ŭһţ˫ȫ
ȫ֮£ȫͷͻȻǲǲ졣
ţ˫ȽֱȻȴڽֱ
˿̣Ѿγһ״ˣ˫Ѿ
ǲ
һᣬһͷͻȻڳͷһͷһ̣Ҷȥ
ĹͷѾȫѣ
ʱҶ˫Ѿ˿
ҶԶвѪ˿ݽҧţѪ

ֻҪֻֿҪͿԺˡǣҶô
Ⱳӣ޹ǣû˹
ǰû˹Ҳˣ
ɶϣſɶϣǣǲˣ
ʱһһȥҶ˫ѵԽԽѪ
ԼһӺ
ͻȻ
ǲ
һͻȻڳ𣬽ţҶ˫ֱ˿Ҷ˶ʱſȥûſڵϣΪ˫ֳ˵ϡ
Ȼǹ⾳ûʧѹϡ
ܿ죬Ҷƿʼ˿һᣬѪ˳Ⱦ˵档
Ҷ˫ֳŵ棬Ȼ̧ͷԶĴţϴЦѹҵѹҵȣѹҵ֣ǣѹҵ־ѹҵġҶԶ
䣡
ʱֳһǹ˲ѹҶϡ
ǲ
һͷҶ˫ֱӶѣҶûſȥΪ˫˵档
Ҷ̧ͷУЦ
䣡
ʱһɿֲӿ˳ȻֱѹҶϡ
ǲ
һͷҶ˫ֱӶѣȻҶûſȥΪԴ˵档
أ
ֱӹѿ
ԼһӺҶͻȻоԼȫһᣬţͻȻֳһɿֲ
һĻҶһ飬Ҫ
ʱǹͻȻӿڣҶʱһ
ʲô
ҶԴЩ¡
ʱͻȻӿһɹЩͬˮһӿ˳ûҶڡ
־֮֮꣬ǣ֮ġ
ʱһͻȻڳ𣺡ϲò֮


1663 
Ҷ̧ͷȥԶƯһϸСĻ档
棬
Ҷû˵ջĿ⣬Ϊ˵ûˡ
ܿ죬ΧЩȫûҶڡں޸£忪ʼѸٻָԼ˰ʱȫָ
ҶӻվȻǰ𣬡֮
㿴Լڵ
ԣҶͷһԼȻ𣬡û𰡣
ʱһϸСͻȻ˲Ҷϡ
أ
Ҷֱӱǧɿ⡣
Ҷ̧ͷ𣬡ʲô
㿴Լǰ
ҶͷԼǰǰˡ֮ǰǶС
𣿡ǰ޷ҵڣѾܹҵ
ԣҶ΢΢һ
ǰ
˿𣬸ղĻֻõˣûҷҪ֪֮ǰǸ޷ġ
ˣҶæĿ鿴Լ
ã۾𣬡ҸоԼе㲻һǣָоﲻһˡ
ʵı仯
֮ǰסֵֻĿ飬ԣӦ˵ֵֻϿɣԣԼĲ־ȫ㣬Ȼ־ı£Ļ꣬Ĺǣģʵı仯
ҶҲ˵ǿҵ𣿡
ֹ
Ļ꣬ģ⾳ԿԼĻ뽣⻹ɱ⡣
Ҷ΢΢һ̣Ļ˳˿Ĭãǰǿˡ
֮꣡
λսһֲĵطǲûܹʹǵˣҲһ׼ȷ˵һ֪ⶫе˵ģǶе˵ȴʵڵģ

ҶĬһ˲صڣȻǰ̤һʱɱ뽣˳Сɱ⻹⻹ǹԪϲûʲô仯
ǣ
ȴܹоõɱ⻹ǽ⣬ʵԵı仯
ʱڣɱԳΪɱ⣬ҲԳΪ⣬ҲԳΪ֮꣬ҲԳΪ֮
˵⣬˶٣ֵνĽһ
ҶЦЦϴ֪ȫ¶˱仯ܸܲңҵɱ뽣⣬꣬ʲôطǿˣΪҵ껹쾳ɱ⻹ҲǹԪϲûз仯
ɱ뽣⣬ɱ뽣̺־õǵԶԶͺñһһĽȻϣһܹ뽣𣿡
˵⣬˶٣Ȼ򵥵˵ɱ⣬ѾԿ澳ɱ⣬Ľ⣬Ѿ൱⣬꣬൱꣬ڵʵѾԿ澳ױȻɱ⣬澳еģǣ಻󡣶ûв־ɱ⻹澳⾳㶼ֱӱѹ
⣬Ҷһ㶣漴ǿϲ
ϲ

ⲻ־õȫ£ⶼһʵ˵ⲻ־õⶼһף
ʵȫ
Ҷѹסе˷ܣȻУлˣ
л
ʱͻȻʵ޹ء
޹أҶ⡣
Ϊղڿ㣿
𣿡Ҷʡ
Ȼǣ
ûʶģ˵ô㣿ղţǱܵĻ֡ղţҪɱ㣬𣿡
Ҷ˹ղҪŪ
ȻΪڸ㿪Ц
ҶĨĨͷ亹Ϊʲôæ
ΪʲôҪæѹضȥţǴ˷Ѻ
Ҷ
ʱֵһ;·㻹Ҫĥѣеĥѣǿ԰㣬еĥѣҪԼȥ˷ֻоĥѣܹɳܹܹջ񡣾ղţǰ㣬Ͳò־㲻ò񣬾Ͳõ𣿡
ҶĬãȻ˵ͷܽˡ
ҲԼ̫ҲûгԸˡ
һ仰ҪԼ
뵽ʲôҶֵҪɱ𣿸ղôаң

˲ͬԴΪսԵʣֱ֮еĲ־Ϊ״̬˲һҵԼıԴ
˵⣬΢΢ȻֵӦףʲô⾳ʧȥԴǶ޷ڳɳˡһģ޷䳤档ԣ㵱ˡ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻڣҿԺ˳ֱֻˣ

㲻ҪСֱֱֻۣۣ˵սֱۣ̺Ŀֲһܾͻᱻ촷ۣʵõȥԡǣܴ⣡
Ҷ˵ͷȻȻ
˵ţ̧ͷУĬһ˲Ȼȥܿ죬˷֮С
Сʮɣڷ룬һֻŽɫ۵ֱֱۣ볣˵ֱۿ
ҶԵ𣬡ôŪ
뻻ֱֻۣ
ҶãȻְ֣ɣ
ŪһֵѪŪֱС
Ҷ˵ͷȻߵֱǰȻָһһξѪûֱ֮С
Ѫûֱ۵һֱֻ̣ͻȻһһֱ̣ӻһ̯ѪҺûҶֱ֮УЩѪҺûҶֱһ̣Ҷ˫۶ʱԲ
ʹ
ʹ
˿̸оԼұڱ٣ٻֲʹѾԽϵʹ

һŭͻȻڷ֮쳹𣬽ţҶ͵سһҡ
䣡
һΧĿռ˲ѿת˲Ǳ޸
ǲ
ʱһͻȻڳ
ǿռѿҶѿˡɲǼ䣬Ѫ˳ȾһѪˡ


1664 򲻹ܣ
ŷֱϣ
ʱ

Ҷ㶣ܿ죬ˡת˲һһŷС
ŷǵķ
ܿ죬ҶԼұϣǷһȥǲֱ۶ʱƽͬʱѵҲֹͣûڼˣ
ԼһӺұ۳׵ƽ
ұۻָƽʼú޸ʱȫָ
ָҶתͷԼұۣ˿̣ұۻԼұۣƤ֮£ϸСѪܣЩѪֱƤ֮ţһϸССߣ
ҵ͹ֱ۵ˣ
ʱͻȻսս񣬼ʹôֱ̺֮꣬Ȼ˵İԵ˵ǿ󣡡
Ҷ˵ͷԼұۣ¡ղǹ̫ǿ̫ǿˡȥ϶ᱻǹŪķ顣
⻹ֻһֱֻۣ
ս˾жǿ
Ҷ𣬡սʵﵽ˺̶ֳȣ
ĬϢȻ޷ĳ̶ȣ
Ҷ
ʱֵڵ޷ֱ۵ԣǧֱϵŷף
Ȼ
Ҷ˵ͷɲղǹ̫ǿˡڵ壬ܲǹ
Ҫǿ𣿡
ʱͻȻϵطǿߣȻЩǿߣһѾ棬ǣ˶뿪ˡңȻ뿪ˣΪ˲Լͳʧˣ˴档ԣҪСЩš
Ҷ˵ͷȻСƱˡرЩϴߣ壬ʵ϶ǵչֳô򵥵ģԷ϶ҲǿƵģ
뵽ʲôҶ𣬡ˡʲô
֪
֪
Ҷ㶣Ȼô᲻֪أ
ûȥô֪
Ҷ
ʱֵʵˣȻῪڵ㣬Ǻúʵɡ˵꣬һһâʧԭء
ԭأҶĬãȻʧԭء
û뿪˵һ㡣
Ѫ
ûǣϵѪѪɶǰ벽澳ģ
ͨշѪҶһѪȫϵ
֮ͨǰǧ飬֪˿϶˵⣬ԣҪһ¡Ѫϵ澳ǿȥϵȻһǿȥϵѪȫ赲ˣ
ݣ
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţһľǰľϣԲཱུСף

ڵСףѾʦͨѧ
ҶСһЦȻɵҶǰԴ˲°͡
Ҷ΢΢һЦС׵ԴȻСףҽһнô
С̧ͷҶգգۣȻæ˵ͷ
ҶһϣţСףһУһֻأ
˵ţ˫΢գ񣬳һ˲ͻȻ۾۵һֱ̣ӻһǧ⡣
䣡
Уռͬˮһޱȡ
һԣС׼һĻ۾ʱһȻСצһ죬ʱǱľɵצСţ۾Ҳ˺һᣬѧҶǰ۾
ݣ
۵һ̣еľһɲǼ䣬Ǳľֱӻһǧ֮⡣
һԣҶЩĿɿڴΪС׸ղһиһֻزû̫𡣲ܿ죬ҶҡҡͷΪ֣Ȼûʲô𣬵ʵġ
û
ʱС׷ɵǰȻһЦڴ֮ɫ
ҶЦЦȻС׵Դǳˣ
СϵЦݸӲˣţɵҶǰȻҶĶͷţһתصǱľ֮ϣСצǰһָ
ݣ
ֱӻһʧʡ
ҶҡͷһЦȻԲ֪ʱ϶𣿡
϶΢΢ҡͷ棬ʱһһ𣬾Ͳģ
ҶһůȻᱧס϶϶΢΢һָܿ
˽ӵš
һʱҶ뿪˺
Ҷʣֻ֮ˡ
ʱǰ
£ҶνĹùãһøжûС
濴һҶȻаȫĵط𣿡
Ҷ΢΢Ȼתʧԭء
Ҳ֮ʧԭء
һУڣֻҶ档
Ҷͺܰȫˡ
˿̣ҶĽ£澳ǿ߶޷
֮ϾҪʼˣ
׼ˣ
Ҷ׼ʲôʲô׼ġ
濴һҶȻ׼һ˵ɣ
ҶҡҡͷаϾ
̫ˡ
ҶȥҼ澳ǿ֣߰
濴ҶҲڸ㿪Ц֮أ֪һʲô𣿡
Ը꣡Ҷ
һؽСɳνɳָ̭ЩģΪһأľһʼڣҾͲڱЩμ֮ӣͬʱЩⷢչ£Խǡ֪ζʲô𣿡
ҶĬһ˲ȻȺŹ
˵ͷȺŹǸʱЩүչΪǵԣ˼ǲ㵥ģ˼һȺŹ밲ϾܹӮüλ벽澳ʮλǣǴĹʮ벽澳ʮλ𣿡
ҶĬΣȻ澳𣿡
΢΢ҡͷ澳֮Բ澳֣Ϊ澳ֵĻͿܻʧأҲõñļлɳˣǱҡԣ澳ǿ߲ܳ֡ǡ
˵⣬ֱҶȻû澳ǣеǿߣرЩп澳ǿ߶ܹ⡣ЩүܻӰǰʮϣڤĩˡڤĩȻܸ壬ʵҲˡǰʮţҪһǿȵġ𣿡
Ҷһأ˭˶࣬𣿡
ô˵
Ҷ룬Ȼûаô죿
أ
ҶȺŹңҡ
ҪһȺʡ
ҶҡҡͷȻɫҾܣ
棺


1665 ңҵĵط
ܣ
ҡҡͷġ
ҶȻҸô죿
Ĭ
ҶܣҲҲ˵ܻǲأ
ܣܻһ
ҶҡҡͷǾΪ˸벻ܵɡ
עˡ
Ҷ
ү򣬻ү壬Լү͡ˣľС
ˣ˭˭ʵǿҶ
΢΢һȻҡҡͷȷֻһ̣ǲŻὫԼеƱ¶ڣǵƶŵġ
˵⣬˶٣ֵҹƣҪһ㣬ΪóӪңܺãʶѡԣѷ棬ܻȽ϶࣬Ȼʵ϶Ҳ

Ҷ΢΢ͷȻֵǸأ
Ļ壬ΪԷйڣһ֮Է϶ǲŹġԣһΣҪľ塣
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Ȼڵʵر˲־ӳֺ󣬾նɱ澳ǿߣ֮һսǿԵġ
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˵⣬˶٣ֵǸʱҲΣյʱΪ˵Ǹʱ򣬾ɱʱ֮ԼСģ
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΢΢ҡͷ֪ɡһΣԷֻǰɱڣ֮ϾҪʼԷҪɱ㣬ͿúܶķˡԣԼСģף
ҶһСġδСһε֮֮λû뷨һΣû뷨Ҳ뷨ΪҪţҪţ͵÷ֻҪͻɱ¾

ϵѾǣʲô
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Ψһĳ·
濴һҶȻԼСġ˵꣬תʧ˳С
Ҷȥķã˹ùȻнĵģΪԷĿĲ
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Ҷ룬ȻԺȥˡǣ㱣֤ԺҶϵϣΪңҵĵطңҵӣ㣡
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СЦݸӲˣ˵Ķԣȥģϵļң
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻһԵСߣϵ֮ǰҵȰͻȥҴӦ˵ġ
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С΢΢ͷĺܲһ㣬ر꣬ҷǳǳֵĸо
Ҷ˵ͷôˣȻؼңҵˡ
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Ҷ΢΢ͷһ̣һɽƾճܣֵһ̣ͻȻ˳ȻֱӻһŻ潫Ҷ
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һҽͻȻں쳹
ҽҶĲҽ
һ֮УˣСҽʱʱһ飬ţŭˡСצһУǱɵУһ̣˫۱
һ˲
ݣ
С׻һʧԭء
ͬʱڶͻȻľСһʲôι


1666 ǿ
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ҶĻС΢΢һͬʱҶľͣ˿Уܿ죬С۾ҶʱգգۣȻֱӾľһԣɵҶǰԴҶš
ҶһůС׵Դûµġ
Сû˵Դš
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ĻС׶ʱ̧ͷţ۾һɣСצһУľַɵצУȻҪ
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ҶҧΪһ㣬Եÿп࣬ΪˡһǧܳΪıأ
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Ѿ繷ߣҪ֪УԼǿߣǱģĸ׵ңԼӵҵȵȡ
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аͻȻҡҡͷֵ֮䣬˵ôࡣңҲʶʶЩš
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˵һǸ˪⣬ˣգ
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˽дԼһӺ󣬳ͻȻ
үѾҡ
ʱһͻȻϿ𣺡ǿ󣬳ſųģһ֡


1667 ȺŹ¹˭
˴֮Уҵ֮Ϊпᡣ
еƣЩɱȻŵ
ȻпᣬЧȴǷǳõġΪӣʵǸ棬Ƿǳġһ壬ܼܲȥܲܲ˥䣬Ҫǿƶˣ
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ңַʽѡӣܵ˵ڱ׵ġΪҲַЩӻǻҶģڰжĻ
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ڼһʱɫҲǶʱһ䣬Ȼ˫һУɲǼ䣬ɫڱӿЩɫ۳һ޴Ĺǰ

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Ϊ˻ˣ
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1669 Դһ£
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澳ױӺѡˣջЩүôܾܾˣ
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ҶɨһܣȻ򣬡ô˵ΣҶ߲ǣ𣿡
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ҶͻȻЦЦЦţɫȻ̧ͷʣǱһģãһˡڣҪ࣬ôôǰɣ
䣬ֱָԶˣҪǵȺŹ
ʱԵīɫ۵ͻȻ˳һԵȴסȻҡҡͷа֣ǲ
йа΢΢һЦ֪˼һսɺã֪ģһϲԶ١Σǰܣڳ֣
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⾳ӳ˲־˵˿ҶһĿֲ
ԶаɫĬһ˲ͻȻг͵سǰ̳

һ̶ײڳкȻ쳹ɲǼ䣬ΧǧڵĿռֱӹѿͬʱҶаԵǿˣҶ˲ʮʱͣ
һֱ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾǹ޵ǰʱ֮Ѿһʡʣһ̣Ҷνһն¡

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аͫ΢һǰĽɫԲ֮ϣɲǼ䣬ɫԲܱһ۵Ľ⣬˲Ҷһ֮ϣǿһӴ
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ԶҶûٴγ̧֣ͷһգȻһĨЦ
аӦ˵壡
ղǹҪƵĿռ䣬ֻҪĿռ飬˵˲ɱа˲ɱаܹռڶնɱȺǿߣ
ȻռһҪļ󣬰оֱӽռ޸ˣ
ԶǹаĨĨǵѪȻԶҶɱ⣬⣬һ֮ãĺǿֵ棡
䣬ǰ̤һɲǼ䣬һɿֲϯţһӰֶЩӰٶȼ죬գۼǽҶΧ
Сģǰ벽׵һԣ½æѵ
ʱһͻȻ˺ѿת˲бת˲䣬ЩӰǱЩ˺˿ͬʱһͻȻڳ쳹
ԶǹаһĨֿǰĽɫԲܣȻҽһ棬ֱӻһЩӰ뽣֮С
䣡
ܿ죬һ
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Ӱ뽣⻺ɢ
һ˲˲ĶԶܿ죬˵Ŀ֮Уһ˳
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ҶϣһѪܵԴԴǹаģ
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һԣҶһףǿԴɢ½ǰȻƴ֣ҸղɱЩ˵ԴŪƴ͸ң
½迴һҶȻ˵ͷܿ죬½轫֮ǰҶɱ˵ЩǿߵԴŪ˹
ҶһЩԴȻҡҡͷ˵ţ̧ͷˣԴһ£


1670 Ϣһڼ
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ҶĻɫʱޱѿ
ӣ
ӣ
ҲɫҶãȻȷʵû뵽ʵȻﵽ̶ֳȡ
֮ǰҶʵʱҶս벽澳ǿ߶ǳڣҶʵһ벽澳ǿ߸޷⡣⣬»Ҷʵ
Ҷû˵еĽȥôţûʩչκ⾳һ˿ûУǣȴǸܵһεѹرϡ
һȽҵѹ֣
Ҷ
ҶԽԽǰʮʱͻȻ֣ɲǼ䣬ʮǿϢ𣬽ţʮϢֱһεɽҶѹ˹ȥ
ʮǿϢԵߵϢǹϢǰ棬Ҳǿ
벽澳ǿϢ
ǹϢҶǰʱҶͣ˽Ųһ̣⾳ͻȻӿ
ɱ⣡⣡
ܿ죬⾳Ҷ˵ЩϢڿкһ
䣡
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ҶȻֻһˣĲ벻ɱǶʮһǿϢʱ˿·硣
ģΧĿռͻȻͬ紵ĺһ㡣
ʱһһȥԼ˰ӺΧĿռ۸ĲԽԽԽԽֹ˲һӺΧĿռѾҼ·˴һ㣬ޱȣ
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ԶҶ̧ͷһʣǷһĨЦԷǺռ䰡
ڵʵֻҪܹΧĿռ䣬ܹǿռڶʱ澳ǿ塣ЩȻЩǿ߶ǾӢеľӢǣռ飬ɱЩˣ͸ɱһ
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Щӿ룬ǿҽһ棬˶ʱͣԭءţֱֻصԭվλá
ԶҶ˫΢Уе찡
ǿ߸Ķ֣ԷҲӲһУȻԷӲһδ
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ʱһԵ½ͻȻӦþġ󡷣һе˿һ壬Ҳ˵һˣеˡԣรɣ

ҶɨһܣȻ˿ŷ֣Χ˴˿һ壬ǶϢȻһ塣
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ʱҶһǿͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰţһǹЯǿֱӳҶ˹ȥ
ǹףռ𵴣ޱȣ
Ҷ˫΢УҴ⣬һЯ߲ɱ벻˹ȥ
ûʲôɡ
գ
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һӴ

һ̶Ľڳ쳹ͬʱһεǹ⴦͵ɢ˿
׵Ҷǿֱӱ˸ˣҶһˣɫһ䣬ΪͻȻһǿߣţһǹ˹
ǳǹ̺֮ǿȸղһǹ
ҶһĨâһ̣гʣȻתνһն
ˣ
ǿĽֱӽΧĿռؾһ

Ҷһնǿеĳǹеĳʱһţǿֱ˴ǹˣҶͬҲеسˣȻδɣһǿͻȻ֮ǰһ㣬һǹѾ
һ̣Ҷɫڱˣ
˿̣ڷ󷨵Ŀֲ֮ˣ
ʮһ˺ǿȲ澳ǿߣǣ϶Ҳ٣⻹ҪģҪǣʮһ˴˿̶൱ڿ澳ǿߡ
Ϊһˣһ˾ͻ֣ˣôǿ
Ҳ˵һˣȻΧŻ
Ȼһʮһأ
ûʱ룬Ҷתһն

䣡
ǹҶĽһţٴαˣȻ֮ǰǰһҶһˣһǿ߳󡭡
ԶһĻ½ɫʱ
ȥҶ϶ᱻģǣʱΪΪһԵϢϣֻҪ֣Է϶֣
ԣ޷Ԯ
УҶѾȫѹƣ˿̵ֻܱΪ޷ÿԵһǿ߶൱ڶʮһ˵ĺ壬ˣҲ޷ֱɱһˡ
䣡
Ҷһһǿߺɨһܣһ̣һֱʧԭأٴγʱѾڳǿߵ
֮
ȻһǿһǿϢԶԷϯ
أ
ոճǿҶֱӱϢ˿
֮򣡡
ʱԶͻȻⰵ֮ǿǼɵĺܣԣôûзأ˵⣬˶ֵ㲻ǻһ𣿻г𣿶ˣ㲻ǻͼҲóԣ
Ⱥ֮УҶһԶȻջĿ⣬ɨһЩǿߣĬһ˲˫ۻ
һĻЩǿʱ
ȻҶҪˡ
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻʱǼʶһҵʵˡ
䣬ҶͻȻ۾һֱ̣ʧԭء
˶ʱٴУ
ȻҶȴֱӳ½󣬽ţһˣˣϢһڼ򣡡
ˣ


1671 ˣ
ˣ
Ϣһڴ
ɫޱȵѿǹҼս
Ϣһ£
ԶҶãȻ˵ͷҵ͹޳ܡԭҲǻˣеġ
Ҷóö£Ȼ򣬡޳ܣһȺ˴һ˼˵޳ܣ˵ţеĳǶʮһǿ˹ȥ
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ҶһǶʮһˣܿ죬˫ۻ
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ݣ
һƿڳէ죬ţһǹҶǰǱǹҶü仹вʮʱҶһг綾һ̳
ոմǳǹǹıԵ

һ̶ǳǹһֱӹѿֳֳǹֱӱسˣʱҶҽһ棬ϣ˲ǿߵǰ
ʱһǿ߳
ȻһΣҶûȥǿߡûͣ·ǿߣҽ͵һ棬˻һ
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Ҷʩչһֻصһ̣ǰǿɫʱ䣬Ҫ֪˿ûӳֵģΪʱӳֵҶǿߣ
Ȼûбӳǣǿ߻ΣңӿȻǰҶ͵
ҶǿȻҲ֪Ҷͼٶȼӿ죬˲Ҷǰͼǿߡ
Ҷûͣ£ܿ죬еĽֱӴǰǿߵϡ
ͣ
һӴǿɫǴ䣬ΪҶĽȻֱӾʹġܴ˿̣ҶǿߵĳǹҲҪҶĺ󱲣ҪҶ󱳵һ˲һڵĶͻȻҶĺ󱳡
ͬʱҶҽ͵һ棬˵
ͣ
һͷ­ֱ׷˳ȥҶǿߵĳǹҲϡ
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ǹ̺֮ǿֱӽҶسǰ˳ȥɻδɵľ룬ҶӲͣȻֱʧԭأٴγʱѾǿߵ
䣡
ԷȻзճڶԷһǿƱֱӽ˿ȻǿתҶһ̡ҶȻ֪ڱ˵һֱ̣תԼǿ߰νһն
Ҷǰǿɫʱһ䣬û뵽ҶȻǿߣãʱжʮ˵ͻȻӳϣӳϵһ̣ҶͻȻսʧԭء
ٴγʱѾ֮ǰǿ󣬽š
ͣ
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պãٶȹ죬Ҳһɱ
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һѩ׵ڳһ
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ϣ
˵һҪɱսʤֻҪϵһ̶ȣΪҶȡһЩʱͿˡ
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ҶҲǰȻ£ǣͬһĨ졣
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ҶãȻĵ͹ˣҵ͹ˣЩҲص͹ˡû뵽ʵѾǿ̶ֳȡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҿҴүʵΡ
䣬ֱʧԭء
ˣ
Ҷʧһ̣һͻȻڳ쳹𣬶ԶҲͬʱʧԭء
䣡
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һ˲䣬һӡ뽣ڳݺύеĿռʱ˵һ󼤲ţ·Ҫһ㣬ޱȡ
䣡
һΧռͻȻѿͬʱ˳ˣһˣ˽ǧɲͣͣǱһĨѪѪֱת˲ǽǰȾ졣
ʱԶҶͻȻʧԭأʧһ̣һ˲ǰ
˫΢Уֱһţǰһĳ
ƳһӡͻȻǰĿռֶ

䣡
ǵӡֱӱһ飬ͬʱٴαɣ
ۣ
ͣбһھѪ
ĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷҶĵ͹ˡĵ͹ˡ
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ҶãȻɱ㣬ǣġ
䣬һһŷͻȻУţһͻȻϡ
ȻʱԶҶͻȻ˳ţֱʧԭء
һֻأ
ӳ⾳һֻأ

䣡
ǵȻѣţ˫Բת˲һ紵ԴֱԲϵ
ʱҶѾصڡ
ҶߵԴǰʱһͻȻʴǶ͹ˡ
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˵ţͻȻͷԼǵѪǵЦݱаЦ֪Ҿɱ˿ܻأΪеϲɱָоˡ
˵ţҽһŲԴȻЦҶˣҪɱˣ
䣬ҶƤµѪͻȻ


1672 ˫⾳Ե˫
Ҫɱ
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һԣ½迴һҶɱɱ񫡭һ˰ɡ
ʵʱҶȷʵеħӡ
ҶǷǳˬģңȻȴǱμ֮־вңȻҪ
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ʱһͻȻڳ
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ȫںڣˣԷò
ߵҶ½ʮɵλʱͣһȻһԵѾըѵԴú΢΢ҡͷȻ磬˻ǲġ
ԶҶͣȻҾãҲǣⲢûʲôã𣿡
̧ͷҶʵҾãЩĵȷص㣬㸸׶йԼȻûйȴҲ޹ô㣬
ԣҶʱȤȻе⡣ַΣ

΢΢һ漴ҡҡͷҷˡҲû塣ûжǶЩүȴж飬ûмǴﲻĳɾ͡
أҶ
͵ԣҾãȻ㲻ǣȷʵ
ΪΣҶʡ
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㻹ǻˣ͵
ǱǻģҶ
΢΢ȻҪ㲻òڣҪͬ͵
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΢΢ͷûǣÿ˶ܹԼ˵ţһһɫ컭ꪳС
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ҶһͣȻҲǹϴ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷǣĸ綼ǡȷʵԶʱһЩ˵ĴУЩˣĹߡЩʧֵߣǣֻߣߡһ׷Ѱһߡ
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵеģһߵĴУⷽ컭ꪣġһƥǳϧϿңԼˡ
Ҷ΢΢Ȼսɣ
䣬ֱʧԭأٴγʱѾ͵ͷţνһն£
ʮߵնν
Χռֱӹѿ
ɫ䣬һз컭ֱӺᵵȥ

һ𣬳пռֱӱѣȻת˲ǱѵĿռֱӱ޸ˡȳֵҶȴֱӱ⣬ȴֻ˲ɣ
ԶҶͷ˿Լ֣˿̣Ѿʧȥ֪ңֱֻۻЩϸСơ
Ĭһ˲Ҷ̧ͷһеǱ컭ꪣȻʲô׵ģ
΢΢һЦԽף
ԣҶ˫΢УʱֵȻֻ벽ףΪһûǸȫ⡣ڽһꪣ
£ֱʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰţз컭͵سҶһ¡
䣡
컭֮еǿֱõΧռѿ֮ǰһһѣǿռֱӱ޸ˡ
Ҷ˫΢УʣȻνһն
һΣû֣һӳ⾳ˣ߶֮Լ
Уײ
أ
߾һҶֱӱ˰ɿ⣬Ȼȴһûˡ
Ҷͷ˿Լ֣˿̣ѾȫѣУѪӿֱֻѾȫѪۣǷӡϵķȴû˿ˡ
Ҷ̧ͷͣ͵ȫ󣬶ԷԷǿĿֲӦòһİԵӲ
ʱͻҶȥӦǸоˡ˫һֲգɣɵָѵءģֻСɣ޷ָѵأ
䣬ٴʧԭأһֱ̣ӳҶǰţһն¡
䣡
һ£ΧĿռֱӳܲסе˲ѿҶҪʩչ֮ȻΧռȴһ˲ͱ޸ˡõҶƻգֻܾٽ񵲣
أ
һҶٴαɿ⡣Ǹձ޸ֱȴٴι˿
Զ򻺲ҶȥʵʵĺǿǣһǸĪĴ⣬û
£͡һʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰţǼ򵥵һն¡
Ҷ˫΢Уһ̳һֱ̣ӴǷ컭ꪶ˵һƫλá

һ̶Ҷٴαˣֻ˰ɲҲسʮɵľ롣
̧ͷһԶҶһ˿죬һ򷨡ȷʵϧҵԶ㣬νһʮ
£ٴʧԭأʧԭصһ̣ҶҲʧԭأҶʧһ˲˫۶ʱ΢һ̣һɿֲ⾳ͻȻϯ
䣡
⾳֣ճҶֱӱ⾳˰ɿ⡣
ԶҶͣ˫΢УԷ⾳Ȼͬգң
תҶ˫⾳Ե˫Ӳ˫˵⣬΢΢һ٣ȻֵӣҲԸɱ㣬ҲսΪ㣬ֻֻؾҡ
˵⣬һеķ컭ꪣȻֵһд֣дڣ澳ǿ߶Ҫ֣ο㣡

ҶЦЦȻҡҡͷϡ𣿲ɣҲУ
䡣
䣡
һɻͻȻҶӿɲǼ䣬Ҷ˱һˣеĽҲһ𽣡ɢǿϢֱӽԶسɣ
ͬʱǽ



1673 ˣ

ʱʵѾܹȻȫȫϣǲ֮壬Ȼᱻճɻҽ
ڣֻܳĳɵڳܶһ㣬ͻܲˡ
ĳɵҶ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
ԶҶʱɫʱޱ
Σգ
ʱĵһо
Сģ
ʱԶǺͻȻˡ
΢΢ͷȻҶˡ𣬲һĻɣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦԳ֪ˡ
£żһ㣬ֱӻһ潣Ⱪ
ڵĽѾǽ֮У̺˲벻ɱ⣬ּӳ𣬿˵̺Իأ
֮ռֱӱ˺ѿһĿռѷҶ󡣲ʱ䣬Щռѷͱ޸ˡ
Զ˫΢Уһ̣ԾȻ˫еķ컭ꪶǰ͵ؾһ
˭ûã
еֱӵķʽײһ

߸һӴҶеĻ泤͵ķ컭ꪶʱһһֱ̣ӱǧɿ⣬Ҷֻ˲ɡ
Ҷһͣһֱ̱ʧԭأţһ潣⡣
䣡
һڳкȻ쳹Զֱӱǧɿ⣬һͣбһھѪȻʱҶѾǰȻҶٴһն¡
䣡
һ£ҶΧĿռ˲飬һƬڰת˲ƬĿռǱ޸ռձ޸һӰеɶ
Ӱ͡
һɣǧɾ룬һ̣һھѪʱ˳
ֵһ˵ǣ˿̵ͣѾʧ
Ҷûȥ׷̧ͣͷʣղţڿռһ̣лֱɱ͵ģȻ˽ռ˲޸õֻն͵ֱۡ
ʵû˰ͣԸͣò
ΪֻҪռ䣬Ϳӵవңڿռڶ֮Уʽӵ¡˵֮ʣȻڼ˫⾳澳ǿ˿壡
ȻЩˣȴֱӽɱиɱˡ
ƽս
ãҶͻȻһЦû£˵꣬Զͣûڷϻҽһ棬ֱӻһ潣ʧԭء
ڻļӳֺڵĽֱǿ죬֮Ŀռ˲Ǳ˺ѿһ̣ΧĿռҶǰȫֽġ
Զɫʱһ䣬һɿֲ⾳ϯȻ˫⾳ճ֣ͱҶ⾳ѹȥ
Ե͵˫⾳Ҷɱ뽣⣬ϧǣҶ˫⾳ң˫⾳֮У̺־ˣ͵˫⾳ⲻҶ⾳
˫⾳ѹƣɫٴһ䣬ţֽеķ컭ꪶǰ͵ؾһ̡

뷽컭ꪸһӴǿֱӽǧɿ⣬һ̣ͲˣȫҶһĹѿ
ͿһԼùѵ壬˿̣֪Լȱˡ

̫ˡ
˫˽֣һ˫˵ѹƣ˿̣Ѿȫû˻֮
ҶûʹĻᣬʧԭأٴγʱѾ͵ǰʱһͻȻ͵ǰţһǹǹӰҶû
䣡
һըǺͱسˣҶҲ˰ɿ⡣
Ҷ˿ԼЩֱۣȻ̧ͷԶĺˣôˣ
˳ҶȥʱͻȻ֣Сġ
ŵĺ΢΢ͷҶǰʮɵľʱһɲǼ䡪

һͻȻڳ쳹һ̣һɫǹϡǹףǹ֮ϣơ

ʱһԵ½ͻȻСĵ㡣
Ҷ½裬ô
½ţӰһ֮նɱ澳ǿߡСĵ㣬⣡
նɱ澳
Ҷ˫΢Уתͷšǿߣնɱ澳Ѿ֤Էʵ
ǰϾ֮ǰԼͣƺûնɱ澳ǿߡ
澳֮Ĳ࣬Ѿᵽˡ밲ϾԿ澳ǿʱǸǿ⾳ǿܹԷԿǰܹɱ澳ʵǿﵽ˺̶ȡ
Ҫη
ھһ澳ǿվǰ֮һս
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻҽһ棬˻һ潣⳯ŵȥ
ԶɫƽҶǵ潣ǰʱճǹһ裬ǹ裬һǹ֮дͬʱγһ޴Ľ
潣ǽһӴ߱͵ըѿţ˵ǰ͵ɢ׵壬ֱӱɿ񱩵ǧɿ⡣
һ
ʱͻȻŵһ̣űճǹǹ֮ϣ˸һͷõİɫͷͷ֮ǰǹɿֱӱ˺ѿˣԲڵĿռͬ󿪵ˮһ㣬ҷޱȣ
ԶҶĨ⣬ʣһ̣ν͵ؾһն
ӳֵնνѾԭܹȡ

ǲ
Χռ˲ѣȻһѱǱһ޸
ҶĽŴͷĳǹڿķʽײһ
䣡
һӴΧռ˲Ȼ˻δعǿռǱ˲޸ǣռһ޸ٴαΪҶŵʵ̫ǿ
ռһ˲Ҷץסᣬ˻һʧԭأͬʱƬڰռ֮УͻȻһ
䣡
һ˲䣬ٴһ
ܿ죬Χռָ
ʱҶѾ˵ǧɿ⡣
˿̣ǵϥڵ棬ͷʹǰһǱǹֻڽճǹʱǱǹǹͷѾ£һ̯Ѫˮܶ࣬Ѿû˫š
һĻһԵ˫ۻѪԵȴͬ㣬Ҳ֮λҲġܿ죬峺Һ۽˳
ΪϣûаϢ
ԶҶҲõģǰ紦һѵǹͷǹͷŵǹͷ˿̣ҶѪ˳ǹͷ
ʱԶͻȻߵԣʬãͻȻ̧ͷʣ˳֮ԺͲˡ
ʱͻȻһѩ⣬һ̡
ͣ
һֱ֧Ӳ͵ǰ˲佩Ӳ


1674 ػߣ

һ㾲
ԶҶ̧ͷһʣû뵽ҾȻֻ֮Ҫ˳ңֱӻɱ͡
顣
һֵ̣ܾ¡
ͬʱиӵףҿ϶ǲŹҪţܽϣҸ߲ϣֻܿԼ
Լ
ˣҶֻսеĽбһƬ
Զ͵ͷһԼǰļת˲ͻȻЦСಡϰ䣬ˣǰ;Ƕ㲻ڣҲԲ֮ˡ
˵⣬ҶҶ֮λһ㶼أ֮֮λһıƣı飬ֻʵƶȡϧȴû뵽õѡһڣ֪ˣվ͸֮ԣԶң
ҶĬ
ʱͻȻеķ컭ꪣ֪ңвʣֻΪҵ㣬ԸҡڣԵѾ
˵ţ΢΢һеķ컭ꪶʱɵҶǰλãˣ㣬ƴԵ뽫ңҲС
Ҷһǰķ컭ꪣĬһ˲ס˷컭ꪣҪȻҪʱɫʱһ䣬ΪȻò
Ȼȴò컭ꪣ
Ҷ𾪲ѡ
ʱһԵͻȻϴ죬λ֮ƣˣΨѧ˫󣬲ܹۻʹ˫֮ţڴ֮УϿ㣬ԻὫ䴫㣡
Ҷ΢΢ͷǰ컭ãȻңû㡣
컭ûзӦ
ҶĬһ˲ֵңֵԻ͡
컭ꪻûзӦ
ҶЩˡ
ʱһ׹С׳ҶǰС׿ҶȻСצָָԼǸģͺ˵ҵġ
ܿ죬תǷ컭ꪣţΧǷ컭תתȻСצסǷ컭ꪵǹ⣬ţҶ㵵Ŀ֮УǷ컭ֱӸС׽˺С
Ҷ
ʱԶͻȻϥŵǰַǰĳǹ֮ϣһţܿ죬ͷȥ
Ĭһ˲
彥ϢѾʧ˳С
ԶҶĬ֪ʲô
ʱ½ߵҶԣȻ𣿡
Ҷ̧ͷһܣȻܲŸոտʼ
ȷʵŸոտʼ
ʱһͻȻԶܿ죬һӳ˲Զ
ӴԼʮ꣬磬տ󣬱һīɫĳ
ˣҰү졣
ߵҶǰʮʱֱͣҶҽһ£죬Ҳһػ߼̳ߡ
ػߣ
ҶĬ˵ÿ֮Ҫѡӣһػߣһڣһ⡣ͬǣҵػߣǼСģҲ˵ػڶġ
ػμֻ֮ǵ
ֻЩү֪˭ػߣǲ⣬ΪѡΪӣͽ֮ˣһǵѡӣػ߼̳ˣͽǵ
ʱͻȻֵû뵽ʵȻǿ̶ֳȡò˵ҶˡԽ㣬Խ
ҶһųȻɱģ
΢΢ͷȷʵǣȻҲɱͬ壬ͽ
ͽ𣿡Ҷʡ
쵭Ҫ˳ңˣǱҡҪߣ˭ӣϣ𣿡
ϣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻЦһϡˡи⣬һ𣿡
ֱҶɱңܹ߳ȥ
ܡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻҿδػߵʵ
û˵ȡһ̣һڳһ
ͣ
磬֮ռֱӱ˺ѿΣҪٶȡ֧ٶȣ쵽Ҷûܹ켣
ˣһ̣Ҷƾ豾սǰһն¡

һ̶Ľڳ쳹𣬽ţҶֱӱһ˰ɿ⡣
Ҷ˿ԼЩֱۣȻ̧ͷԶ죬㲻
΢΢ͷǰմﵽ벽澳ԣҵ֮Уӵһ˿澳ǿ߲յ
Ҷ΢΢ͷҲһ
䣬ֱʧԭأת˲һ潣ڳһ
ȴǲܡ
ͣ
ǵ潣ֱǰһȻҶɫȴɫһ䣬Ϊı壬ı壬Ѿԭء
ݣ
ʱһƿͻȻ𣬽Ŷһֱ֧ӳҶĺλãҪҶԴ͸ʱҶͻȻνתһն
䣡
ײһӴеĿռ͵ըѿת˲ըѵĿռǱ޸ˡ
Ҷİ̫֮죬ֲ̫ռİ֮˵죬澳ǿ߶ʱ˱ܡҪ֪ʱҶѾǵҶʵ֪˶٣ңв־
ԣʱҶѿռ飬ʵ˲һΣ
ڿռ䱻޸һ̣һ֧ٴڳһٶȼ죬쵽һ½迴ûֻ˼Ƴյ½裬ҶԼΪ̫ˡ
ֻܱܵĳ
նһըҶٴαسˣ˲ʮɺͻȻҽ͵һ棬˻һ潣ʧԭء
Զ첻ܣɫƽĳ档
ͣ
һ潣ֱüһȻȴֻǲӰ
ͬʱһ֧ٴγҶ󣬲ʱҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǧ
֮
ʱ챳ͻȻһɫĻҶԭҪԴĽֱɫĻϡ
䣡
ɫĻҶеĽһʱѾǧɿ⣬ͬʱһ֧ٴҶǰ쵽¡
Ҷ˫΢УʣȻ͵ذνһն
䣡
ֱ֧ӱҶһնޣҶȴٴα˰ɡ
ҶͣͻȻ֮˳һ̣һڳһ
һֻأ
ԶֱӱһȻ⻹ǲӰ
УҶʩչһֻغǻصڡԶѾǧɿ졣
ѹƣ
Էѹٶѹ
ԷսӲƴ£ǣԷô
Էٶ̫ˣ
ҶãȻҪӣɱ㡣ǣҲɱҡ
ɲһ
ǷһĨЦݣΪػ߼̳ˣҿԽǵ󷨡䣬ǰ̤һɲǼ䣬ͻȻ
ԶҶɫ
Խǵ󷨣
ǹƽս
ΪҪɱҪ˰


1675 Х죡
ܿ죬Ҷҡҡͷ
Ȿǲƽս
Ҳ֤Ҹ߲֮УҪ˵Ҫȱ˶࣬˵ʵҪǿĶࡣ
ԣܽȫϣЩб˵ϡ
ҪţǵÿԼ
ǲԽԽ죬ܿ죬ǵϿգһյİɫĻĻֱӽȫǣĻ֮ϣؽɫġ
ĻֺɫԴԴ£ͬһһȫӿڡ
ЩɫԴԴӿ룬ϢԽԽǿ䱾ɢϢѾõΧĿռҲ·ҪЩռһ㣬ޱȣ
󣡡
ʱͻȻдڣ澳ǿ߶޷ɱң澳ǿֶɱҡ澳µ˵Ҿ޵еġ
ʱ½ߵҶԣȻ𣿡

ҶҡҡͷˡţֻҪӣҸ߲϶ͻнɱ֮ǰɱ
һΣҪɱ
ԣ
ʱԶͻȻЦҵ󣡡
Ҷ̧ͷ죬Ĭһ˲ͻȻνһն
ˣ
һڳ쳹𣬽ţһ潣Ҷгֶ֮潣ƳգһŻһ㳯켤ȥ֮ռ価˺ѿ
Զɫ䣬ǰ̤һȻָǰһ㡣
ָһֲĽʱָ⣬ʱҶǵ潣
潣ֱӴָ֮ϣûκζз·ֹ
һ˲ͻȻȻɢת˲ֱӻޣǻȫصҶϡ
һĻԶҶʱ
ԶȴһĨ죬ʲô棿Ȼǿ󣡡˵⣬ǷһĨЦݣ棬ҿˡ
䣬ҽһ壬ɲǼ䣬Ƿ·𶼲˲صһֱ̣ӻһʧԭء
ʧԭصһ̣Ҷɫʱһ䣬ΪоԼǰ·ʮɽѹ˹һ㣬ǿϢõ
ǿ
ҶҴ⣬ڲ⾳벻ɱӿţֽչеĽǰ͵ؾһն
ˣ
һ쳹ת˲
䣡
һͻȻҶǰըѿţΧĿռ˲𣬲ת˲ͱ޸ʱҶѾǧɿ⡣
ǣһĨѪ
Զ쿴˿Լ֣˿̣ѾڣǱյġ
Ĭһ˲̧ͷԶҶò˵ĺǿҼǿ档ǿϧʱң˵㣬澳ǿ߶κβҡǵĻǴӳ֣˿̵ң޵еģ
£ٴγǰ̤һһֱ̤ӳҶǰЯǿϢֱӽҶռ˿
ԭأҶ˫΢Уһ̣ҽ͵һ棬˻һⱩ
䣡
һǧڵĿռȻҶҪʩչ֮ʱǱĿռȴ˲䱻޸ţ˱ǿֱǧɿ⣬һͣ£һĨѪǻ˳
е𣿡
ԶЦЦȻ󻺲ҶȥͬʱɫԴԴʽ£ûڣЩɫӿ룬Ϣǿš
Ҷ̧ͷ죬һֱ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾȻճһǿϢֱӽǧɿ⣡
׵İ֮𣿡
תҶò˵ʩչⰵ֮ʱȷʵܾޡǿϧڵûá
䣬ֶ̧Ҷվһơ
䣡
һǿҶǰĿռֶҶֱӱǧɿ⡣
ѹƣ
˿̵Ҷȫѹƣ
ԣʱӳǻǴĳֽǶ˵ȷʵ޵еġ
ΧռܹҶܹ֮һսΪֻ֮ںڰĿռܹӳǣҵЩ˲ÿռ
컺Ҷȥʵʵĺܲ㲻㸸׵Ķӣʵ츳ܾܿһεӡϧǣעܳΪҵӡ
䣬ˡ͡һʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰţһǿͬХһ㳯ҶϯȥǿõҶΧǧڵĿռ䶼Ϊ֮Ť
Ҷ˫΢Уִü䣬һ̣⾳ϯţֱӻһʧԭء
ռ価˺ѿת˲䣬Ҷ˴ǰʱͻȻһȭ
䣡
һǿֱӽҶɢͬʱҶֱӱسˣʱͻȻϣȻٴһȭ
䣡
Ҷֱӱǧɿ⣬һͣһĨѪ˳
ʱͻȻ΢΢һЦ㲻ǻи𣿰һгɣĺ뿴⾳ǿ󣡡
ܱܲƱˣ
ʱһԵ½ͻȻ˵ģе㿴ȥˡ㿿ԼҲͰˡǣ㿿һǴǸ󷨳ˣȻ㰵Щ˱һһҲң
Զתͷ½裬һ̣һȭ
½Ƥһǽ˰
˵ţ˫еĳǰ͵ؾһ
䣡
һը½ֱӱǧɿ⣬һͣеĳǡǲһ˿ͬʱһĨѪǻ˳
俴һ½裬ȻһԵҶԮǽаϾŮӲ̫ԶˡҲ˷ʱˣŮӽгһ׵˽ᣡ
ԶҶĨĨǵѪȻ˵ʱһ׹ţС׳ǰС׵СצУǱľ
С׿ҶգգۣȻһЦţľݵҶǰ
ҶСףԸˣ
СգգۣȻһֻСצ
ܿ죬ҶС׵˼ˡ
֪СʲôõľԸһ¸ʹΡֻһΣ
Σ
ҶСף˵ľϴӦ϶ΪС׵Եʡ
ҶС׵ԴȻȽȥ
С׵˵СԴһ˸ʧԭء
ҶסľסľľǾһţһͻȻסɲǼ䣬ɱȫľն⣡
ųɱ⣡
ԶͻȻЦЦΪƾľͿԶԿңǿЦ
ʱҶеľͻȻʼҲ
ŭ
ҶȻܵľķŭ
ʱľʼ⡣
ҶĽľͻȻһ򽣹𣬽ţʽݺᣬЩ˲ǽǻǴ˺˿
ͬʱһ佣֮дǿĽֱӽóڵĿռ˿
Х죡


1676 
һĻԶϵЦҲ
Ҷ˿ҲЩ£û뵽Ȼ˵ķŭң˵ǿ
ת˲Ҷˡ
ľ֮˷ŭӦǸղĻԷĻľ˵һ裡
ľ
ô˵ıԴܹ˵ġ
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ҶսȻʲôСĲУϵĳˣ
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мѪζˣֻҪˣǾ޵Ŀܣ
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䣬ҽ͵һ棬˻һ׹⳯ҶȥҶǰͷλʱֽճȭȻҶԴһȭ˹ȥ
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ȻҶȴɫƽһ̣ٽһն

䣡
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ʱһըֻԭҶǰֱӱǧɿ⣡
ֱֱͣӷ룬ȻԼ򴦵
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ʱҶתͷһԵ½裬ߡ
½軹Ҫ˵ʲôʱҶֵѣģûѣѾܵˡҪѣͬνѣֵܡԣ𣿡
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Ҷֵʵܲǣһ嶼ûУԣߡ
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Ҷ˵һ嶼ûУҶǺܶ࣬ԣߣҶİ
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˫΢УʱҶͻȻʧԭأɫ䣬ȻʱҶѾ˵󣬽ţһĺϡ
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ͬ澳
ɱ
ͻȻһ
ԶҶǷһĨƤ֮£Ѫ΢΢


1677 
澳ʮǿߣ
ΧɱҶݣ
ʱҶҲףѾϧҪ˺Ƥɱˡ
ɱȥ
ɱȥ
Ҫţֻдɱȥ
ʮս֮УӪȳ֣ʮ֧ɫʮ貵ʻԸǶȳҶȥʮֱ֧ӽҶΧпռȫ
ͬʱ·ʮֳֳǹĽǿȫҶ˹ȥʮǿߵǶʮ޵ߡ
ʮսһ
ʮս֣澳ǿ߶ܹնɱʮս۸壬û澳ǿǿǣǵȴǿõնɱ澳ǿߣ
УҶֽеľЩɫϷʱҽŽżͻȻڵ棬Ȼԭ͵һתͬʱеĽϺɨ
ˣ
쳹ţһ潣Ҷľֶ֮
͡
ǵ潣ֱӽʮ֧ȫնޣȻʱǶʮѾҶܣţʮǹȫҶ
ʮ˴˿ȫһ壡
Ҷɨһܣһ̣ս͵һɨ
ͣ
һԲ˳Ǽӳֲ⾳Ľڳһ
䣡
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һ̡
ͣ
һѪڳһԴֱ׷˳ȥʱҶѾɱȺ֮Сţɱʼ
׼ȷ˵ɱ
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̶ȡ˵ʲôʲôûκζܹסľ
ʮϢʱ䣬оѾʮǿԴ촦ҶҲܣѾ˺öǹãܹܣкڣõûΣա
ԶԵ߿ųеҶãͻȻԵߵӣ˾ս
˿Լ֣֪ΪΣ־Ȼ޷ܹ޸׼ȷ˵ǲٶȻָ·һֱֹ֮۵Ļָٶȡ
Ĭһ˲ֿԶҶȻƽȴ̺һɱ䡣
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΢΢ҡͷû˵ڣ˵ʲôѾû壬Ȼԭû壬ΪӪġ
Զ˿̵ҶѾȫɱۣܱߣǶʮѪܵԴǣϣ֧ɫ֮⣬ǰвʮǹˣ
ʱ̣Ѿȫ˷ͻᱻȫѹƣԣֻ˻ֻҪԷԴ˵Ͳ¡
ԷֻҪһɣ
˻Ҷ˿̵Ĵ򷨣
սڳԶɫȴǳԭΪʮսԻɱҶˣΪҶѾˣȻû뵽ǣȻҶȫˣǣҶǲңԽɱԽǿ
ʱԵͻȻôɱȥˡ
΢΢ͷȻ֣
䣬ԵͻȻֻеӰʧԭء
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䣡
һǿͻȻҶͷţһɫǹֱӳҶԴȥ
ǿ˲ǽҶΧĿռ˿
УͷĳǹϮҶľ͵سϾһ̡

ǹһӴǳǹֱӱҶĽ飬ȻǹǿȴǽҶһţұ˲ѿͬʱµĵҲɲǼ
ҶýֵǱǹʱһɫǹֱӲĺ֮ϣͬʱ֧ɫϥλáرֱ֧ӽϥǸ䴩ˣ
Ҷվţ
ֵһ˵ǣеľȻɱˣǣȴû˿Ѫ
ʱҶΧжʮʮս̼ӪЩһûֻڱϴ֧ԮûֱӲսԣû
УҶֽɨһˣȻǷһĨЦ
Уɫһ䣬رǻŵʮսһ̣Ҷһ˿ɵӦ˵η塣
ݣ
һ˶Ա˺ݲݣԼݲĺݣ
ҶԼǺܺݣ
Զ澳߿˿Լ֣Ҳѿ֮ǰҶӲʱµģ̇ͷҶܿ죬ֿҶеľ
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˻δЩǿϢǵصĳҶѹ˹ȥ澳ǿϢʮǿϢЩϢȫһֱӽҶ⾳ɢ
һ̣ҶЩϢѹֱ޷ˡ
ҶɨһЩˣȻֻǰһ̡


1678 ˣ
䣡
һϢͻȻϯţһͷ޳Ҷǰ
棡
ʱ˿̣ˡһ˵ʵ޷ôǿߡ
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һŭһ̣ͻȻʼţԽԽɢϢԽԽǿת˲䣬;Ѿ屶
ͱΧ͵ؾһ
䣡
һǿϢϯΧЩǿֱӱϢǧɿ⣬澳ǿҲǱ˽ɵľ롣
УɫǱˡ
Ҷǰͷ棬ޣû뵽ҶȻеƣһһͷǿޡ
˶û뵽
Ҷ΢΢һϵЩʱ˳ʮϸСѪʱϼҶûйЩ˿ڣ޸
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⻹˵ûǷǳˬģΪÿҶгǾûкµġңһαһա
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䣡
أǶʱһ·һ㣡
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ȫԣ
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ЩԶ̹ǿǣսȴеˣסҶЩǹӪϵˣȻȫҶΧЩȫҶ˾롣
һԵס澳ǿߣƤ񣬼ٶֿ죬ˣһ֮Ӳס澳ǿߡ
ԶҶһһÿһ£ʮսˣһʱ䣬ʮսһֻʣ²ʮҶҲٴθˣǰϥǣ򴦣źü֧ɫ
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ʱԶͻȻ̧ͷȻ֣ҪҵȺĲУ
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1679 
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ֳֳǹ޵˲ҶǰȻǹֱ̳ҶҪ
ʱһţһŮӳҶǰ
ŮǰϾ
ҶʱʱϾɫƽޱȣת˲תͷЩѾҶΧսһ̣ҽ͵һ棬ֱӻһʧԭء
ͣ
ʧһ̣һǹֱһսԴһѾǿߵ󣬽ţס˳ǹһ̣͵س߾һ
ͣ
ߵһսԴ˲䱻촩ʱϾѾս󣬽ţҽһ棬ڿնһ̣ҽ͵һ֮ϡ
ಣ
ٴλһʧ˳Уת˲
ͣ
ԶһԴֱӱ춴ԴʱϾѾԴ֮ϣһ̣ҽ͵һԴ
䣡
Դ˲䱬ѿϾ컯һʧԭء
ͣ
ת˲ҶԶһս˲䱻һǹԴǹսԴһ˲ϾȻֳұһ죬մԴǸպñϾס
ʱ֧ɫͻȻϮϾޱ飬ǹǰ̡

Ǽֱ֧ӱ䣬һ̣ϾǰЩ͵ؾһ
ݣ
ǹƿգЯһɿֲĽ⳯һּȥּһĻɫʱҰΪ޿ɶ㣡
ʱһͻȻǰţһöȭͷĽɫӡǰӡ֮ϣӡʱһת˲ͻȻӿһǿðϾĵɶء
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Ͼûڳ֣ߵҶǰҶãȻҳˣ
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Ҷ΢΢һЦڱչأҲ㣡
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һĨأҴ⣬ָǰǽɫӡ֮ϡ
ˣ
һͻȻдţһɿֲ𵴶ֺ󣬳ڵĿռʱһŹ˿
ʱҶĽ
䣡
ӡһӴпռ˲ת˲䣬һƬռǻָʱҶѾǧɿ⣬Ҳɣ
ҶͣһĨѪ˳̧ͷԶǰӡӡǷ澳ױġûľһжӲ£
ԶسĬһ˲Ȼһˣɱ㡣
䣬һӣɲǼ䣬ʮǿϢͻȻ˷𣬽ţҶ˹
ҶĬһ˲ȻһԵİϾϾֱͬģ˵ң˴кξ壿


1680 չǣ
ҶŰϾãȻ΢΢һЦ˵Ķԣͬģ˴Σ
ಡ
ʱʮӰ˳
Ϊ׵ֳֶذĺӰ澳ǿߣҵЩӰˣȫ
Ȼǰ˴֮һǣ澳ǿһǷǳϡٵģңļҵ澳ǿ߶ǳϡ٣ԣ澳ǸҵҪսر
澳ǿߺ澳΢һЩңﵽһʱǿնɱ澳ģеѾһ֮նɱ澳
Ȼ˱Ƚ١
³ֵ澳ǿߣˣ澳ǿߡ澳ǿߣ֮ǰʮսʱʮսֻʣ¾³ֵʮӰˣһʮǿߣ
澳ʮ
ݣò˵ܺ
СӣûеƣʱͻȻ
Ҷ棬Ȼҡҡͷûˡ
ĬΣȻСӣʶһôҲѣԣȻӣǲӡİﲻҵ澳Լ㶨
£һԾԵ߳˹ȥ
ҶջĿ⣬ȻԵİϾϾ˵ʱҶҵ澳澳Щ㣬ô
Ͼ΢΢ͷȻǹֱָԶأ
䣬һǧɿ⡣
ϾƣɫʱԼһӣ
˵ţҽһ棬ʧԭأת˲ǧʱһ
Ҷǰ澳ʮǿߡ
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻ̤һȻ󳤽ֱָԶ澳ˣһ˵Ȼ£ԽЩһϣ
Ϊ׵һӰ΢΢ͷȻã
£ԵӰͬʱʧԭأţͻȻһӰЩӰֱӽҶΧͬʱʮӰҲʧԭء
ҶɫʱϣüöԷ˸һ˸û뵽ԷȻô·ȫһϣ
澳ʮ
ԭأҶĬһ˲Ȼս͵һɨ
ˣ
һ潣ľֶ
ͣ
֮ӰʱȻɢΪ׵澳ǿҲˣ˻û˶ñͣȻٴα
Щǿߴ˿ţһֶ絶Ƭһ㳯Ҷȥ
Ҷɨһܣһ̣ҽ͵һ棬˻һ⳯һǿ߱ȥ
ʱ򣬸ܷһͻ뱻һ뱻ͻӭԷ籩Ϯ
ͺñȴһһǱȺŹԲܷΪֻܱԣҪ벻Կץסһ
һ׬ˣ
ЩӰˣʮսǶûˮֵǿߣǣ˿Ҷʵǿ߸ҲֻܹԽս澳ܹ⡣
ˣҶץסһʱ˻ѾˡʵҲˣһӰԴֱӴһѪ׷˳ȥȻҶҲĵֻۣһ˲䣬Ͼͳʮۡ
ãܿλã
һնɱǿߺҶҽ͵һ棬˶ʱһӰʧԭأٴγʱѾһǿߵ󣬽ţһ
ͣ
ǿߵԴֱ׷˳ȥȻ˿̣ܣͬʱ֧ɫҲرǼ֧ɫǶȼΪݶ֧Ŀ۾ļ֧ҲֱĸҪ
ҶɲԼҪȥӲЩЩɶܹġ
΢һɫĶƶʱǰţɫĶֱӻһɺڹⱩ
䣡
ΧЩʱڶ˿ȻʱһӰͻȻҶȻһֱնҶĺ󾱡
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ҶҴ⣬תٽһնתһֱ̣Ӻĺ󱳣ʱѪĽ
ľ¡
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һҶֱӱǧɿ⣬һͣһӰ˳󣬽ţһ˲Ժ
о󺮹ϮҶͫ΢΢һ˲ϵˣתٽ͵һ
䣡
һ£ǺӰ˵ذ˲䱻նĩţǺӰֱӱһˣҶҲֱӱһĳˣ
Ȼ˲ʮʱһӰֱӳ󣬽ţһԺ󣬲ˣм֧ɫͻȻƳգǰֱҪ
ҶһĨ΢ɫֱӷǼ֧ɫת˲ٽ͵һɨɲǼ䣬һʰԲķʽǰ俪
䣡
ңǣĽЩǿߵȴٴγ󲻶ϱˣͬʱѪǣȫ˿̶˿֮⣬ϻ൶ˡ
˵ǺԴԴϵĸ޸壬Ѿˡ
֮Իվţܹ򣬳Լ־⣬оǺһֱڵõЩ˲ΣգȻʮľûá
Ϊûã
ҶͣʱΧЩǿ澳ǿȴٴʧԭأɲǼ䣬ΧȫһӰЩӰͬˮһ㳯Ҷûȥ
ҶĨĨǵѪȻó£壬ʱָɨһܣʱЩǿѾǰ
Ĭһ˲ҶһĨһ̣һɻͻȻϯ

һΣǽ֣
Լ֣ȫͬģܵ˺Ҳǲͬģ˿Ѿûˣֻ֡
ܲܳܵסѾܲôˡ
ҪЩһܱԼһĺã
ֺǵ¶ȶʱͬʱҶΧĿռֱԽԽá
ת˲
䣡
ҶΧĿռȻҶΧЩǿ˲䱻ɣ澳ǿˡ
ҶɫȴŤ˵Ť˵ʣЦգչǣ
䣬ͻȻըѿȻ泯Ǽȥ֮һоޣ¿ռҲˡ


1681 Ϊ᣿

ӵٶȼ죬ǿ߷ӦʱѾӵǣɲǼ䣬Ǳһǣֻһ˲Ϊת˲䣬ǶѾճ˻ҽ
ΧҶΧʮսʮӰˣֱӱճޣ澳ǿߣԷӵĿ죬ɢʱԷѾ˿ֵֵЩ棬ˣ˻
գ
һʱ䣬ǰҰ
ʱһɿֲϢͻȻ£ʱѹĳȥȻЩһӴ棬Ҳ˲ͱյĸɸɾ
ܿ죬еͻȻȫʧˡ
ҶҲȻһУǣˡڼȥȳܲסˡ
ȻѾﵽǣǲ̫ܳõġϾԶ̫ࡣ
УϾصҶԣϾǹߵҶԣû°ɣ
СӣҪˣҲ
滹ǰϾ˿нǵ֮ɫҶʹ˳Լ帺ɵ϶дġ
ĬϢҶۣУһĨ̬Ѫ죬ˣɫǲ԰׵Щֲ
΢΢ҡͷȻóö飬Ҫ£ͻȻͣ
飡
ֻʣˡ
Ĭһ˲óһŵݸϾϾսҲĵ߰˰ˣҲҪ飬Ȼû취սˡ
ϾһҶȻҡҡͷҸҪ
ҶҪ˵ʱСͻȻ밲ϾǰţССצһ̯һöӳצС
飡
Сеǵǻõ顣
ҶС׵˼ҪʣʱСֻСצͻȻʼ飬צӲϴ궯˳ʱСһʱЩȫûС
ţҶ밲ϾĿ֮УССצԼСӣһ̣ſͣţöӴƮ˳
飡
Ҷ㵣û뵽С׻飡
ʱСͻȻץһӵݵ˰ϾǰϾһСףȻӹӣԥ£Ȼлл
СһЦСצæ˰ڣʾл
Ͼ΢΢ͷȻû˵
ʱҶץСצеһ飬ʱҶжʱһĨ죬Ϊ֮еԼҪĶ࣡
ûԥֱǿ飬ɲǼ䣬ڣܿ죬ЩգţСȻɢ뵽֫ٺ޸
ں޸£ʱԼٶȻָš
ҶС׵ԴȻ𣿡
СգգۣȻ˵СԴţһص˺ڡ
С׻صҶ̧ͷԶڲԶֳһߣһϮɫۣۼβȫڵ棬УһɫͷȣһϸСƬڹȶˣһӡ
߽ϸͻ֣ᷢⲢʲôӣһֻ۾
ߣҽɵʣңڵ
ʿҶãȻԭǾãʮսӰɱ澳ȫԻɱ㡣ǣû뵽ӰɱλʮսȫûǶȥû뵽
˿̣ʻˣɫǼѿġ
ʮսʮӰɱȫû
Ƿǳ˵ģڶʱڣʮսѾ޷ˡ
Ȼ˵Ԫˣǣ˵һεʧѾ˽ˡ
ҶһʵˣĬ
澳ǿߣ
ʱֵ֪ʵǾͻỻһַʽˡ׼ȷ˵Щ˾Ͳɱˡ
أҶʡ
ֱҶǲɱ㣬ЩˣΪ岻һԼе˳ɳر㡣ǳ׳ɳضвҡ
ҶĬΣȻԭҶȻûйУǣҲûе⡣ûʲô֮λȻȴҪһһҪ
˵⣬ɨһʵˣȻֵգҶһУգұضٱ
ʿҶãȻڣˡ
ҶЦЦֻ˵Լĵ뷨ѣΪҺ˵벻˵ǶŹң𣿡
ʵ˵ͷȷʵˣ
ҶֳľбָʣҾãƨʲôģǾͱ˵ˡҪô㣬ҽ㵽ף
΢΢ͷȻ̧ͷʣģɡȻܲˡպǿɾ͵ˡ
£һͻȻʵ
澳ǿߣ
ֺ߳ʮ߳
ȫ벽澳ǿߣ
澳ʮ벽澳
ݣȻȫǣҲ൱߳ɵˡ
ʱͻȻСӣϱʲôظңô
ҶһʵˣҲû뵽ҾȻô˶ȻʶЩˣʣЩҵĵλ϶ǲ͵ġ
ʱͻȻʵˣȻĲףҵǲԴżй֪СʲôСӲߴˣд˵ڣպ˵ʲôҲңλɰ񶼿ܡ
˵⣬ͻȻӴ󣬡ȻȴҪɱЩͷԣɱպҪŪġ
ʱҶ֣˼˵пɽ
ϻ
ûСӿɽأҸ㣬Ҫˣ϶˸㱨ԣΪʱ϶Ҹᣡ
Ҷ
ʱֵ㲻ǶϿɣ˵Ͽɣһ֪ζʲôζԸϵ˵ǣĸˡ϶㱨ģ
ҶƲƲ죬ãڲ
ҡҡͷʵӦܹӦϵ˵ġ֮û㣬ڱչأֿǱʲôµ顣
Ц
ʱԶͻȻΪ᣿ǿЦ㡭
Цү
ͻȻŭӲ˵ӵ̣
˵ţҶ밲Ͼս㱩¶ĵԽ࣬ܵġԽãԣó
Ҷ밲Ͼһۣһ̣˳ıϡ
˫צ͵һǰĿռ䣬ֱӻһ߳ʱȥ
泷ǷһĨЦߵ𣿡
䡣
䣡
ͻȻһ޴ĻǹĻһ֣һֲϢѹ¡
أ
Ҷ밲Ͼֱӱĳ¼׹£ת˲
أ
Ҷ밲Ͼֻصԭλá
ʱŵѾǵܡ


1682 Ա㣡
澳ʮ벽澳
ҶɫͳˮݣѾȫѹˡ
Ĭһ˲Ҷ棬㼫Ǵ򼸸
濴Ҷܴ򼸸
Ҷ룬ȻҪҸɱ
۽Ƕʱ΢΢鶯ҶãȻһǵ͹޳ܣ
˵ţתͷˣˡҿԸסģԼ
䡣
䣡
һɿֲϢͻȻӿ˳Ϣֺ󣬳еĿռʱţ˵Ŀ֮УԽԽ󣬲Ϣʱ䣬;Ѿߴǧɣر˫˫չֱգ
֮⣬汳񳤴̣Щ̣ÿһ֮
ޱ䣡
ͨ
ޱ䣬ʵɫʱ
ʱ˫ͻȻһȣɲǼ䣬ΧĿռֱŤһֱ̣ʧԭأʵײ˹ȥǿ뼫ٶȣֱӽ֮Ŀռ䳶ıѿ
ɲǼ䣬ʳΪһƬڡ
һ̣ʵɫˡ
ת˲ߵǿϢͻȻʣߵϢֱӳѹ˹ȥ
䣡
ϢߵϢһӴʶʱһţԲڵĿռ˲ںڶʱͻȻ󺧣Сģ
£ֻһںڶ֮в
š

һҽͻȻڳ
ռһ̣Ҷ̳֣Ϊڿռڶ֮У֪֮ٱڼĲ벻ɱ⣬ľ
Ǹʱʵ۷ʱ
ҽ쳹
޸ռ䣡ʵ֮дһ˿
ܿ죬пռ澳ǿߵ޸»ָ
ȻʱѾʬ塣
ʬ壬ȫǰ벽澳
һĻɫʱʱԶٴγײ˹һĻɫһ䣬ȹ̿ռ䣡Ӱͳ죬ǣҶԸŮӣ֣ٶȽ˸Χɱޣ
˵ţֱʧԭء
ͬʱսָ˿
ռ޷飬ҶҲ޷ɱˡǵҲ塣ϧǣ˼Ҹ澳Ӱֱӳǰ󣬽ţֱĨĺ󾱡
ͬʱʣµʮ벽澳ǿҲ׷׳ֻ֣һ˲䣬ҶѾΧ
ϮҶɫ䣬ٽ͵ؾһɨ
䣡
ľ֮ǿֱӽǰ澳ǿ߸ˣҲǾһΪ澳ǿߵ̫ǿˡ澳ǿߣʱʮȴѾܣţʮǿϢֱӳѹ˹ȥ
䣡
Ҷϯţ
û˿ռڶ޷ɱˡӦ˵һսֱӱѹˡ
澳ʮ벽澳ݣܹġľ»ᱻ֮ûСΪľľңˣܹǿ˶Կ
ȻѾޱ䣬Ķֿ澳ǿߣˣҲûռϷ磬Ӧ˵Ҳѹˡٶȼ죬Ϸǿˣܹţ
ҶѹƣϾ˿̶ǱѹƵģĶеöӡ澳ױģˣ˿ҲѹƣҲûռˣΪϾսʶǳ֮ߣõûл˵
ܵ˵ҶǴ·硣
ңȥ϶ԽԽġ
ҶȻҲ㣬ϧǣҲ޷ıʲô
ʱһһȥԼʱҶѾ˺üˣѪȫնɱ벽澳Χģֻ澳벽澳
ȻˣҶɣΪʱѾ֮
䣡
ͻȻһըҶֱӱǧɿ⣬ͣ£һĨѪǻ˳
Զ澳ǿ߾Ҫٴγ֣ʱһͻȻڳ𣬡еˡ
䣬һӳҶԡ
ӣԶ澳Ӱʣµǿ߶ʱͣ
Ҷǰӣʮսͳ죬棡
ĳ֣еսʱȫͣ
ԶʿãȻαΪ˴ˣڧ
ͻȻָҶȻֱʣѪҵѪ𣿡
ʳĬ
ֵ֪Ϊʲô޷պ󱨸ǡ⣬ĺ⣬նҪ
˵⣬ЦǣǲÿɳΪɱһֻؾȻϧ澳ǿߡҪǴȥñЦġ
ֱ棬Ӧǣ˭Ҫ
Ȼ˵ͷûλ׿ϣôŪôĶ
ԣ㻹Ҫ𣿡ʵ
û˵תҶʱҶһξ밲ϾĺӰ㣬𣿡
ûлشҶãȻ㸸׺񣬲òԸе񡣵Ȼûô衣
ҶĬ
ʱֵ㸸׵£Ȼûҵ¡ңҪҳΪϵǧһңˣҪҴϴǧ档Ȼ
˵⣬ҡҡͷȻϧϧͻȻֱʡ飬Ҳ֪ˡ
Ҷ˵ʱͻȻ̧ͷʣףжԲңҲûжԲҰɣΪҪ˶Դӣ
ʣûлӦ
ʱֵ룬䣬ҲܹĶ飬ôҪȣĶ𣿡
Ĭãһһӳ治Զǳϵػ䡣
΢΢ҡҡͷ棬αأ
ֱ룬꣬Ķĸɸɾ𣿡
Ĭ
濴䣬Ȼ㱻Χɱ˭ȵ㣿
ҲĬ
ʱͻȻЦףףһһңҪְѾǵµļս
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵǻǣֻǣѲڣҲڡ
ʱǲ֣ǰǸǳҾˡ
䣬ʧԭء
Ĭһ˲ȻҶߣҪҵ㣡
Ҷ߲
浭Ľңֻߣ
Ҷһ棬Ȼл˵ţ밲ϾıϣҲԥ˫͵һȣɲǼ䣬ֱӻһɫʱȥ
ʵ˾Ҫ׷ʱͻȻǵǰ
ÿ
ǷһĨЦݣһ̣Ц̣ţͻȻ
һĻɫ䣬Ա㣡


1683 ս
Ա
澳Ա
˶û뵽澹ȻҪԱҪ֪澳ѣ
ڣ澹ȻΪҪҶԱ
ֲϢ˳һ㲻ӿʵ˲Ӳ׷׺ˡ澳ǿߵԱȻŪǣǾԿŪǣһˣǾͲȥ׷Ҷˡ
Ҫ֪ҶҲʡ͵ĵƣ
У̧ͷԽԽԶҶȻһֵܣһӾֵܡ
ת˲
䣡
һͻȻ쳹ڵĿռ˲Լٶȳӣ䣬ʮڵĿռǱһڿռڶ
⻹ӣ
ʱһͻȻ˳УֺǿռٶȶʱͣţеĿռ俪ʼָԭ״
Ϣ󣬳лָƽ
ʱҶ滹аϾѾӳ½ǿ֮С
汳ϣҶĬе㸴ӡ
Ա飬֪ģû뵽Ϊ˾ȻϧԱȻ϶ΪǸ׵Եʡ
Сӣ߲ˣʱͻȻ
ԣҶջ˼˵ͻȻ̧ͷԶռͻȻģͻȻһֻɫͻȻ˳һֱֻ̣ӳҶ˹ȥ
Σգ
ǳΣգ
ҶʱĸоҶϾɫ
֣
ϾҶ΢΢ͷһ̣ϾֳԶ͵ؾһ
ͣ
컮ƳգֻּȥֻǰʮʱǹӰͻȻܣ㲻ǧܿ죬ЩǹӰֻϡ
䣡
һӴǹӰǺȻɢǱҲ֮ǿĵɻص˰ϾУصϾеһ̣ǿֱӽϾǧ⣡
ֻֻһЩѣ
ʱһڳһռֱӱ˺ѷ飬ǵǵʱȻѡ
һĻҶ밲Ͼɫʱ
ʱͻȻһԾֱײֻ֮ϡ
䣡
־һȻѣҲسˣһˣǧɡ
ʱʵѾҶ˲Զ
׷ˡ
俴Ҷַϣλߣ򻢲ճɻǻǶġ
ΪΧɱҶҸ̫̫ˡҶߣȲ˵⣬Ҷ츳ǱδҶضΪҵĴС
ԶҶֻսľҪ֣ʱͻȻ𣺡СӣСЩлǿߣڰˣǰЩ˶Ҫǿ࣬⣡
Ҷ΢΢ͷɨһܣȻʣû´Ǵʱ״̬ɣ
ǲҲһ״̬ʵ
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻ棬һ̣ͻȻ˫צ͵سվһġ
䣡
ǿֱõΧڵĿռȻռһ̣ҶͻȻһʧ˳С
ڿռһ˲һԵʵɫʱ䡣ûÿռڶҶȻҲ£ûзǳ£һпռڶڼҶľֲ⾳Ҷս˲֪ٱ
ˣڼռһ̣ʵæ޸ռ䣬֮£ռһ¾ͻָˡȻʵɫѿˡ
ΪʱһˣٵˣǰǸӰˡ
Ҷؿڴһذס
ذף֮ǰλӰʱҲҶΪɱǺӰ˵ĴۣΪղһ˲ûѡѡ˻
ѡ˻ѡĻɱ澳ǿߡϾԱ߿ɻ澳ǿߣֻҪһʱ䣬޷ڻɱˡ
ȻǰһذףǶҶ˵ãϾǿǺӰʱ˵һûܹ˳Ƥ࣬ڼкڣԣһӰ첢
Ҷ˲ɱһ澳ǿߣʵɫޱȵѿͬʱҲޱȽ䱸
Ҷ˿Լǰĵס˳հγһѪʱؿڼܿ죬ǰ˿ھۿɼٶϡ
һĻʵɫѿˡ
ҶҶİ֮ӿֲˣôãĶԺˡȻҶڣҶûбǱĵĸˡ
ʱͻȻٴ˫צ͵һǰĿռ䣬ɲǼ䣬ǿ£Χ޸Ŀռ˲ٴαһĻʵɫʱ䣡
ĿռûҵĿռ̵ģԣ׾پΧĿռһռҶʵͻǿһ˷ָĳ̶ȡ
ڿռһ̣ҶֱʧԭأҶʧԭأһԵİϾҲֳԶ͵ؾһ
ͣ
ƿնȥ֮ǿռڶΪ֮Ť
챻Ͼȥһ˲һҲڳһ
ͬʱǿϢͻȻǿռڶ֮𵴶
䣡
ռڶʼҲ·һ㡣
Ϣ󣬳һлָ
ʱʵߣѾֻʣˡ
һ˱ɱˡ
ɱˣǰλһˡ
еʵɫѿˣѿļɵļɵ
ﲻңռܹ飬ңҲ޷󷨼ӹΧռ䡣ˣҶ滹аϾ֣ɵв̫̫ˡ
ҶɨһʵˣģǷһĨЦһ̣ͻȻٴγ֣ǿֱӽΧĿռı
ռһ̣Ҷ밲ϾҲ̳֣Ȼǽռڶһ̣ǿռڶͻȻռڶһж
ת˲
һֻɫͻȻƬռڶ֮УɲǼ䡪
䣡
һͻȻڳ쳹ת˲ռȫָʱҶԼϾѾ˵ǧɿ⡣ˣֻɫִʱҶ˵ͷ
ͷѾ˽ȥҶ밲ϾǶѪȻղֻõ˶ˡ
ҶĨĨǵѪȻԶĿռ䣬Цû´Ҽɣ
Ĭһ˲һд˳㳬ҵ㡭
ʱҶͻȻֳľֱָһƬռ䣬ϻˡֱһ㣬ս
ս


1684 Ʒ
ս
Ҷһǿ֮쳹
ת˲а
ԼϢͻȻһƬռһ£ţһ˳
Żۣ磬ָ֮Уһһ
ȻʲôҼҲƬؼǿһ֮еһ
ʵ˶ʱæ΢΢һȻ
΢΢ͷȻҶ㸸ף񡣲㸸ûôݣôƫ
ȻأҶ
ʵҲδҪɱ㣬һȥһƽϡ
ҿģҶ
˵ͷȻȻδҪɱ㣬ǣҪЩˣǸҵģ㣬ǱضĴ٣ԣѡǡ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵû뵽ôǿߣȻûܹɱ㡣
ҶЦȻԳˡ
ֱҶַϣȻ㣬ҲϣպҶһǱڵĵˡȻҿԸһᣬֻҪԸ⽻ԼǣҿԲɱ㡣
ǣ
ҶЦЦȻأ
Ҿ㲻ύ
Ҷ˵ͷȥѾŪˡԡ˵⣬ͻȻ̧ͷȻֵʶһǿߡ
￴ҶãȻԸ
Ҷ΢΢ͷһֱ̣ʧԭء
ռ˺ѡ
ת˲Ҷǰľ̺ǿֱӽΧռعѿת˲ЩռָƽţҶĽҲ޷ΧĿռ䡣
ʱͻȻָһ㡣
һֱָӵҶľϡ

һͻȻڳ쳹ΧĿռ˲ѿţ˵Ŀ֮УҶֱ˴ǧ⡣
ҶһͣһĨѪͬʱұۣѾѿѪԴԴЩѿ֮лһᣬֱֻ۾ѾѪ졣
Զ￴˿ԼָǸָѾѿĬһ˲ҶеľȻǱˡ
Ҷͷ˿ԼľȻ̧ͷʱʶ𣿡
Ҷʶʶ
£ҽ͵һ棬˶ʱһ
һֻأ
ʱԶͻȻٴһָָǰĿռͻȻһţһͻȻ𵴶
䣡
һըҶٴαǧɿ⡣
ʱͻȻȻܹնɱ澳ʵǿиɡΪڵʵǿӳֶġ˵Ľǿǿ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ֪˵ġǣа취ѡ
ûУ
ǰЩˣ綼ߣߣ˻ࡣʲôȻնɱ澳ǿߣǣһֱǲԼʵ
ԣеľܹնɱ澳ǿߡ˵̬һֱڷŵĺܺá
ʱͻȻǰ̤һȻǰĶԹվɡ䣬һָҶ
ָ
䣡
һǿͻȻͼһɱһ㳯Ҷϯȥ֮ռֱӸŤˣ£ԲڵĿռ䶼һ״
ԶҶ˫΢УһĨһ̣ڵĽӿһ֣ȫеľաڽӿеľʼҲ
ǹǰʱľͻȻʣһ̣͵ذνǰһն
ˣ
һͻȻڳ쳹ת˲
䣡
ҶǰֱըѿɲǼ䣬ҶΧڵĿռֱӱ𡣶ڿռһ̣ԶüͷͻȻ΢΢һ壬ţֽճȭȻǰ͵ؾһ䡣
䣡
ǰƬռڶͻȻһţǰĿռڶֱըѿ䱾ȴǳ˽ɣʱһͻȻ
˫΢УȭͷͻȻſȭͷſһ˲һǿͻȻ𵴶
䣡
ɢһӰ˳ȥ
ﲢû׷ֶǰһɲǼ䣬ΧĿռ˲ָռָתԶҶ֮ȷʵܲǿϧ˵ԶԶ
ԶҶĨĨǵѪһֱ̣˳УǱľľڲӿУһڳ
һ̡
ҶеĽֱʧԭء
һֻأ
Ҷʧһ̣üͷͻȻ΢΢һ壬ţһһһͳüλãȴ޷ڽ磬ΪָסľĽ
ʱҶ˫ľ͵һ
䣡
һֱӱʮɡ
ʱҶѾصԼڡȻԼ̫õģҪ֪Ա߻ʵˣԷͻȻ͵ϮǾ군ˣ
Զ￴˿ԼƣģһѪˣ˿ѾѪɫġĬһ˲̧ͷҶвϧǲ
䣬һӣɲǼ䣬ǰĿռֱͬ˳һ㳯Ҷ˹ȥ
һĻҶɫһ䣬˫ľǰ͵ؾһ
䣡
һǰĿռֱӱһ˺ѿǣЩռ̺֮ǿȴֱӽǧɿ⣬һͣбھѪ
ʱﻺҶȥ㲻ҪʶһƬǿڼʶˡкθ룿
ԶҶĨĨǵѪȻҲˣ
ͣ½ŲҶãȻڵ㣬ѣʣ޼Ҳѣ˵ңһ˶ܹɱ㡣
ԣҶ
˵ͷȻʵˣȺУһͻȻ˳ûзϻֱӳҶ˹ȥ
һĻһԵİϾҪ֣ʱͻȻֹ˰ϾϾ⣬棬΢΢ҡͷѾͷˣ
Ͼü΢ԶҶԶҶͻȻƿԼֵ䣬󴦣һŽɫס˽ɫһǣܿ죬Žɫر
ɫƿһ̣Ҷɫ˲ŤͬʱұͻȻҲ
ʱ澳ѾҶǰʮɴ

ʱһҽͻȻڳ쳹
Уɫˡ
ҶУһ۾ͷͷǸղ澳ǿߡ


1685 ӻģ
˿̣ҶϣһƽɫĻۡǻ֮ϣһϸСġϡ֡
ֻڲҲ
ҶģŤģ·ڳʲôʹࡣ
ʲô
ԣϾҶұۣʡ
Ĭһ˲Ȼս֣֮ϰ˻ĵս񡣡
սϾʡ
˵ͷ
Ͼ΢΢ͷȻԶҶ
ԶҶеͷȥߵǰʮʱһӣеͷʱ˵ǰȻԭ澳ô
￴ҶƬ̣ȻĿҶϣʵ˵ĿҲҶұϡʣҶ֮ʵ˿ֲĵزΪֻ֣
Ĭһû뵽㻹˵ơϧվԼʵû´ֵֻܲڵ㣬ʵڳܴܺʹ࣬ʱʱ󣬲ɱ㣬Լͻᱻֱеɶ
ҶЦЦ֮ǰǻ
䣬ֱʧԭءٴγʱѾǰŶ͵һƳ˹ȥ
˫΢Уǰ̤һȻһָ
˵Ŀ֮УҶָһ
䣡
һըֱӱһƸ䵽ǧɿ⣬ָѾ顣
Զʵд󾪣û뵽ҶȻǿֵز
ʵˣԼ˿̶Щľû뵽ҶǿܹˡҪ֪Ҷ֮Ĳ࣬Ǿ޴ģǲֲܹ࣬ġ
ȻҶ˿̵ס
ĿٴҶֱϣʲô֣
Ҫ֣
Ҷٴʧԭأʧһ̣ͻȻһţֻƶǰ͵ؾһĳ
ƳǿֱӽΧĿռһ״ȻҶµһ̣ΧĿռʱȻѣţǿռڶ֮бسˡ
ʱһƬռڶͻȻתɲǼ䣬ռڶΪһɫУɫֱӽ˽ȥ
һĻһԵʵɫ䣬Ҫ֣ʱ
䣡
һͻȻǿռ֮дת˲пռ䱻һ֮޸
ʵæԶʱʵɫʱΪǣһĨ졣֮⣬ǰһˡ
ﾹȻ˵ˣ
ʵ˱𾪵Ըӣ
ƬһǿߣҶأҶһֻؾ
ֻؾ
һֻؾȻܹư˴֮һҼۿǴšȻǰʵǣҶȷʵˡ
ʵĿȫҶУɱ⣬εɱ⣡
һΣǲǼɵЩˡ
ˡ
ҶֻؾսȻǿǣҲİһﵽʱڼЩҶܹɱ澳вˣ
ʱҶѾ˳ޣҶպ϶ҪǵġҶδǶ
ԣҶ
ʵ˴ʱ룬Ҳˡٴ֮ǰûаҶʱڣ֪ǰҶɳȥδұضһУ
Ҷ
ˣ˫ֻʱԶҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǰһֽ̣ճȭ͵ؾһȭ¡
ȭ£ǿֱӽΧռñΧ˲һƬڰ
ָ
ʱͻȻƬڿռڶת˲һǿͻȻڿռڶ֮ϯֺռڶֱӱ˺ѳһƬƬ
䣡
ռڶһըԼʮϢһƬռŻָƽ
һԣϾֻǰԶĿռ䣬Уǵǡ
ܿ죬ԶĿռָҶ˵С
Ҷǧɣ˶û¡
Ĭ˴ԼʮϢĿٴҶֱϣʲôֱۣ
仰֮ǰʹˡҶûлشʡȻֱֻ۷ǳĺ档Ȼ棬ΪҶֱֻۣѾܹһս
Ҷûлشҽ͵һգֱӱһΣĿ겻Զʵˡ
һĻʵɫʱһ䡣ǿɲܹסʱҶȻмɵޱȣȴûˣôҲ澳ǿߣеġ
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صҲǷ׷׳֣澳ǿ֣ǺεȵĿֲ
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ԶҶٶȻܿ죬һĨţֽճȭȻǰĿռ͵ؾһ䡣
ȭ
һǿȭͷ֮бǿ𵴶ת˲䣬ΧڵĿռֱӱռһ˲ʵɫʱ䣬Ϊڿռڶ֮УҶʵֲʱ
ھʱǸձĿռת˲ͱ޸ˡ
ˡ
ȻҪ֣ΪʱҶΪǿռڶ֮У澳ǿ߶Ҷ˵ǰײˣҶôоôСȻҴҵ󣬵Ҳʧ澳ǿˡ
Ӧ˵ʧǿѾˡʵҲҾԪˡ
ʱҶѾǧ⡣˿̣ѾŤı״ڲ֣ϸͻ֣ᷢ嶼ڲ
ȻֻһֱֱֻֻۣǰǼֲģҶڵʵֱǰ˲̫̫ˣ޷ȫֱ۵
ڣǿ̣
ڣѾ̲סˡ
ʱԶͻȻԾҶϿգţҶ͵һ¡
Ƴ
һֻɫͻȻ׹£ҪҶĳ촷ۡ
ʱҶͻȻ̧ͷֻ֣һ̣ҽ͵һգ˳Ȼһֻ֡
䣡
˵Ŀ֮УֱֻӱҶһƸĵķ飬һֺֻҶûڳ֣һıϣߣ˻ơ
㶣һ̣˫צ͵һգֱӴҶ밲ϾԶǿռȥ
ס
ڳ˵꣬ȻһҶ˹ȥʵҲæȥ
ʱ汳ϵҶͻȻ·͵һĳ
䣡
Ƴһǿб£Ϊ׵ֱӱһˣʵҲˡ
ǧɺͣʱҶѾʧǿ
ͬʱҶͻȻǿ
ңӻģһģ


1686 Ʋˣ
ǿ֮УҶ㴫
ҶĻɫޱȵѿ
Ҷˣ
ڶǿΧˡ
һǰ˵ҪŪҶһǳǳ򵥵顣ΪҶֻֻؾҪŪһֻؾ
ȻȴԶԶǵ
ҶʵǵԤϣҶĵҲ󳬳ǵԤϡ
Ҷֻֻؾﵽ澳ʱڼֱֻǱľܹס
ҶرԸ񣬺ʣ϶ǻҵġһ̣ضѪϴ֮ʱ
У˳ĬЩѹ֡
ãͻȻߣȫ׷ˣ׷£Ҷˣˣȡ˭ܹɱˣԸ⽱һ澳׵ҿöԷѡ澳׵
˵⣬˶٣ֵɱ˴ˣܹṩ˵ϢȻһ澳׵УˣҶ˿𣬽ͷŴУ
ʵɫͳˮĬ
˫ۻϣͻȻתͷ˲ԶһŮӡ
˶Ůӡ
￴ŮãȻΪʲô֣֣оųɻ
ŮбۿˣʣΪʲôҪ֣
ˣ
ŮӵҶˣ
￴ŮãȻҪģ
Ůҡҡͷǣ
뵱Ҽʡ
Ůֱǣ
ŮӶãȻھɱ㣡
Ů˫̯ȻУԣ
￴ŮӣֻƬ̣˫ۻҲ˿
ңڶˡ
ĬϢ۾ŮӣŮӲܼ̳Ҽѵ
ŮӿظҲظ

ͻȻһŭȣţֳǰһģɲǼ䣬һֻɫǰĿռֶȻŮ˹ȥ
ʱŮͻȻǰָһ㡣
ͣ
һͻȻƿնǵ׵ֱӽֻƺ飬Ȼǵ绹δʧٶȲ˲ǰ
˫΢Уһȭ
䣡
ǵȻըѿȻըѿ䲢δʧȫصŮӵǰţЩƬ¾£һµƯŮӵǰ
Զ￴˿ԼȭͷȭͷѾڡڣѾо֪
ĬϢ̧ͷŮӣ澳ѹ˵
ŮɨһˣȻδҼҵġѵҵҾͷѵǲҵҾͷǣ
˵꣬תȥ
￴ŮӱӰãȻһӲ˰
ԣʳ͸ɱ
Ǻܵ͵ԣҡҡͷ
˫ָȻ̧ͷʣдһ˿ãȻҳλţȴǸ棬һû𣿡
˵⣬ɫͻȻҾû䣡˿ҽչأκ˲ôţ
䣬ֱһʧԭء
УĬãͻȻҪȥ̳
΢΢ͷӦǣ
ʵһ̾û˵ʲô
ܿ죬ʧԭء
Ҷҵ飬ΪҵķûȥҶҶͨȴǷ˳ȥһʱ䣬ڿʼѰҶ
ϾҸıǷǳ˵ģңҶֻؾɱһֻؾ˵϶ǲʲôѶȵġˣһЩѾʼ׷Ҷ٣ϣܹһʺơ

Ҷӳ½Ĵ£˳޾ǿȥ
֪˶ã汳ϵҶͻȻ˻Ƶңҿ̲סˡ
˵ʱҶͻȻıһġ
䣡
ֱӱҶһĵĳ·׹ȥܿ죬·ʹŭСӷʲô裿
УҶ֣Ťıˡ
һԣϾɫ΢䣬ҪȥʱҶͻȻ𣬱ҿƲסֻˡԽԽҡ
ȻϾ˹ȥʱҶͻȻһŭȻֶǰİϾһġ
ϾƤһǰһ̡
䣡
һը𣬰Ͼ˴ǹֱӱǧɿ⣬һͣǱѪ
ʱҶͻȻ̧ٴζ߾һģƳһɼǿͬ˳һ㳯ӿ
Ͼɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ʱͻȻǰţ̧צǰһġ
䣡
һըֱӱǧɿ⡣
Ͼһ棬ɫʱһΪȫƬȻ˿
ԶҶҪٴγ֣ʱͻȻ죬÷סֱۣ죡
ԶĻҶһ㶣һ̣һŽɫʱУţ͵ؽŽɫұ֮ϡ
ұϵһ̣Ҷǲұ۶ʱͣȻȻڲȴû֮ǰôˡģԽԽƽԼϢֱ۳׻ָƽ
밲ϾǰҶֱʱϾɫٴһ䣬⡭
ҶͷԼұۣԼұʱҲסˡұۣȻֻŽɫ۵ұۡ㶺󣬾ҪұۣȻȴķ֣Լֻұ۾Ȼûж
˵оԼұۣ
Ҷ밲Ͼô£
Ͼü΢ʲô
ҶҸоҵֱۡ
˵ţַϣȻȴһоûУŪֶûκθо
һ̣ҶЩˡ
ʱͻȻսֻ֮ȥԭֱۣ
Ҷ̧ͷ棬ٵҵֱۣʲô˼
ԭֲս֣֮ԣսֱ֮ȡ֣÷ӡһжѹԣо
Ҷ㶣Ȼô죿
ʲôֲǻ𣿶ңǰǿֻ޷ƿѣʱþǡ
ã
Ҷţұ֣ԺҸս֣
Ȼô죿޷ս֣֮ңղҲˡսֵ֮ԽԽǿҲ˵ǽ⣬ܻŪ㣡
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵϲԺƲˣʣʲô룡
Ҷ


1687 ʮɱһˣ
Ʋӣ
û˵ҶȷʵΪƲӡΪָ޷ʹãҲʹãսֵ֮ڸԦˡһ⣬˵ߵˣԼΣգ
Ʋӣ
Ҷ˿Լ֣ɫͳˮƽʱ֣֣ϰһ⣬Ҫʵʵ϶ήͺܶģ
ĬãҶҪ˵ͻȻ̧ͷ߲Զ
£һĿռ΢΢һܿ죬һл˳
ҶʶҴϣ
ҶϾʣҴϿ϶Ϊ˰Ͼ
Ͼ΢΢ȻҪ˵ʱҴͻȻ㲻ǿ𣿡
ϾҴϣʲô˼
Ҵϳ֪Ҷǣ޷ٳɳ
ҾܣϾֱҴϡ
ܣҴϻشû˿ԥ
ƾʲôʻҶ
ҴֱҶ밲ϾΪ֮Ѿ֣һΣصΪġ

ҶüΪϾʲô˼
Ҵϵ˵ͷ뽫ԼĴи˵⣬ЩȻˡ
ĴУĶڣȴѡһˣﶼܲζȴû˸飡
ҶֱҴϣΪʲôҪиǸң
ҴϿЦЦȻû˵Ƕ֪ûкʵˣӦ˵ûʸλûж⣬Ҷûж⡣֮Ҫиǿ츳
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵȻҲ˵ˡԸԸ⣬ȫƾ˼Ը⣬˼ҲǿҵţԶΪ򿪣
ܲҲΪҴ򿪰
ҶͻȻǸϣ㿴츳ҲǺԸѧϰģ
Ҵ۽΢һҶȻЦ֮ǰȻû⡣ڡ˵⣬ûڼ˵ȥˡ
ҶѾͬˮʱҶǾ͵ڸҿսˡȻңҲûҪȥҿս
ҶЦЦҿЦġ˵ţ˰Ͼ
ĬãϾҶȥҡ
Ҷ˵ͷ֧㡣ȻҲ밲ϾԼߣǣ谭Ͼչ
ϾֱҶҵģ𣿡
ң
ҶһĨ裬أ϶ҪأҶ飬ôܻǣ
ôģҪҰٱ
Ͼ΢΢ͷȥʱǵ֪ͨңһȥ
Ҷһ
Ͼû˵ҴϡҴϵ˵ͷҪߣͻȻ뵽ʲôԥһºȻҶҾãиطӦȥһˣҲջ񣡡
Ҷʡ
ҴϳĬϢȻɽ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ʲôط
Ҵϳһĵط
Ҷ۾һǱľĵط
Ҵ΢΢ҡͷ۽Ϊɽλľ˻ҪǿˣߣСǧһǧ棬һûĽǿߡΪĽźȻϢˣֱΪɡ
ɣ
Ҷ˫΢УǱɱģ
Ҵҡҡͷ֪ԭĵطҲǷɽĽһӴ󸲸סɽ˸޷롣ʱǨѾԽԽˣˣرǽޣɽϣһɷɣȻϣ䴫У
˵⣬һҶȻֵǽޣȥСһ㣬Ϊڵ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷһģ
Ҵ΢΢ͷǣ
˵꣬תȥ
ϾҶãȻҵң˵꣬תһʧԭء
ϾߺҶһȻ棬֣û°ɣ
˵أû
ҶڨЦЦȻɫǶҪǿ
һΣǿƲŴ˳˵ԼҵĲ࣬ǷǳǳġҪڵʵǳ˵Ρ
ȻҪǿ
ʱͻȻСӣӸ㣬ǸʲôңӿķǳĲˬԣӾˡպһɱȥѩ֮ܣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻҪɱȥ
ʱҶ濪ʼˡҶ棬һսѾõǽƣرҶ£Ѿƣһ¡
ǺԵʣѾˡ
ڣҶڵأڿ޸塣
ԲԶС϶Ϧ
ʱǶһǵĿҶرСףۿѾۼ·ʱ۳ˮ
ʱҶ۾۾һԵС׾һĻȻСԴϲš
ҶС׵СԴһĨɫȻһԵ϶ϦǸǵˡ
Ϧ΢΢ҡͷû˵
϶ߵǰȻ´Сĵ㡣
ҶЦŵ˵ͷʱҶû뿪ںСǡ
ϵϵѾþûˡ
˵ĪСˡ
С˵˵ĪҶһˡû̫ģֻ棬߸˵棬档
ҶЩƵǱľΪǱľԸڿС׵Ļ˵ǣɱ̫ˡãΪС׵ԵʣǱľԸһһΡ
ԴˣҶҲǿΪҲ̫ľ
Ҷ뿪˺ǰɽ
ҪʵκʵĻŹңҲȥʶʶλ˵еĽɣ
ΪеĵͼˣҶܿҵ˷ɽλáΪ˲Ҫ鷳ҶԼŪһۣ˶֣˸ò
Ҷ˽ɳǡ
ɳڷɽɽ£нɳǣΪɽԵʣнסˣǾͱ˳Ϊɳǡ
Ҷûֱӷ뽣ɳǣ˽ɳǵĳ⡣ΪڽɳϿգһ󷨡
Ȼ˵Ǹ󷨺һ㣬Ҳ¡һΣµġ
ҶҪʱͻȻͣȻϷĳǽϣһ֣
ʮɱһˣǧﲻС


1688 ʫɣɣ
֣ɷ裬磬һĸо
̫ף
ʱһŮͻȻҶԣӿ֣̫ףţ˲ýʫþơˣֱΪʫɣɣ
ʫɣɣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻŮӣӴԼʮ㣬ɢ޵Ľ⣻Ůᣬֻжʮ꣬һϮɫȹļãģòҲã֮ˣ
Ůӵ䣬Ʋһ
̨ҲѰɴеģͻȻʡ
Ҷ˵ͷǰɡλɡ
Цö˴˴ǰҲΪ˼λɡǣ½޶Ѿ
½޶ҶЩȡ
ӵ˵ͷλ̫׿СǧСǧʲôطʼԴأ̫Ȼǹߣǣһߡ룬ལ޶뿴߽ʲôİɣ
ҶתͷڣǾ߰ɣ
ܿ죬˽˳С
̸УҶ֪｣Ůˮá˵ľ綼磬ɱⶼͬҶЩȣ
ɳǲ󣬵ȴܾ¡н٣ˣɳԵúǿ
һ·ϣҶལޣЩ֮УʵǿرһЩΣյĸо
ˣ죡
ҶδΪԼµһ磬ǿ̫࣬ûǫ㣬͵ȽϺáȻøߵʱҲߵ
Ҷ֣ھҪȥɽ｣ͻȻʡ
Ҷ｣ôڲȥ
｣΢΢ҡҡͷڲȥΪһ۽ᡣöҪ۽ȥɽ
۽᣿Ҷ⡣
｣㲻֪
Ҷҡҡͷ
｣һҶȻ۽ٵġ˵⣬ҶӦ֪ɣ
Ҷٴҡҡͷ
һ̣｣ɫŹˡ
Ҷ
｣ЦЦֹӰĵĵǿߡϵǧ棬һ仰УϷ𣬱زסˣĿǰ֪Ľ֮Уﵽ澳ױġ
澳⣡
Ҷɫݡ澳׵Ľ⣬еˡò˵ϵǧ棬Ի
ʱ｣ֵÿ˶ԼĽҽͬǧнܹһ£룬ԴҶкôġ
Ҷ˵ͷÿ˵ĽͬķʽҲ϶ͬ̽һ£ԲͬĽ޿϶кôġ쳵ֽޣɾվ޵ġ
ҶҲҪμ𣿡｣
ҶμӣǿޣûУңӣǣǼһһֱһ˵ˣûֹ̽
ôǿĽޣܹЩ໥һ£ţĽ϶кܴġ
｣˵ͷȻЦȥ⽣ɳǵ̫¥ɡ
̫¥ʲôطҶ
｣̫׾ĵطҲǽɳĵط˵̫׻̫¥һŽϧһֱ˲͸ȥɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˳̫¥ȥ
̫¥
·ϣ｣̫ܵ¥ֻ㣬ֱ¥¥¥Ȼ󣬵ǣҪ̫¥ɲһ򵥵顣ر¥ֻҶزײܹ룡
ΪʲôҶ⣬ʡ
｣Цȵ֪ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷҲʡ
ܿ죬̫¥
｣Ц߰ɣȥ
˸ߵſڣͻȻһĻ˴ſڣҶ⣬｣｣ЦЦַǹĻ֮ϣܿ죬һɽ͸ֺǹĻ˲ţĻɢ
｣ҶЦһҪȽϵֻͣҪԪͿԽ롣˵ţ˽ȥ
｣ϵĹĻ³ˡ
ˮû˵ߵǹĻǰȻַǹĻϣܿ죬ĻɢˮҲС
Ҷʼ磬Ҳߵſڣû˿⣬Ҳ¥
¥УرľΣľɣذ壬һľ̾Ͷɡܣɢһ޵Ľ⡣
ɽ⣬ͣ˷ǳĸо
У޻е࣬ϰ١
ϰ٣Ѿܶˣ
ΪϰٽޣͶǹԪ⣡
ʱ｣Ҷ֣Ҫȥ¥
ҶɨһܣȻҲȥ
｣㶣Ȼ㽣ﵽˣ
һһֱĬˮҲҶ
˵ע£Ҷ˵ͷ
｣һۣò˵ǻЩģΪҶľ粢ûأҲ˵֪ҶֻؾһֻؾﵽûУȷʵټǾڴﵽ󣬽ģ
Ĭһ｣Цȥɣ
ܿ죬˵ڶڣ｣ߵǹĻǰһɽӿɽӴǹĻʱĻʱɢ˿
｣Ҷ˵ͷȻ˽ȥ
ܿ죬ˮҲ˽ȥ
û⣬ҶҲ˵ڶ㡣
˸һ룬˵ĿʱϡҶɨһܣһ˱Ƚ٣ֻʮǣʮˣȫͶ
Ҷɫݣ
һ̣ʲôԻ
｣΢΢ͷȻҶˮߵһڴ
｣ָŴƶˣ
Ҷ˳｣ָȥңԶʣм֣
ƣĪͣһΪҲ廨ǧãƣͬų
һͬų
｣ǽɣػѣұԶԶ
Ҷ˵ͷȻûλɣǣʫͿԿó̫ײһ򵥵ˣرػ϶Ǻеġ
ĬһҶĽʫڣ
｣˵ǵġ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ̧ͷȥãҡҡͷû
ҿˣ
ʱˮͻȻ
ԣҶ｣ʱˮҶдɻ󣬶｣ϲɫ
ˮû˵ֱֱֻĿʫ
ʱҶ̲סУ
ˮһҶû˵
Ҷ
ʱһ׹ܿ죬СױľҶǰ
Ҷ｣ýһ㶡
Ҷ˵Сȴľǵȥ
Ҷ


1689 ľˣ
СľȥҶ㶣ȻæС׵ǰȻҪɶ
СգգۣȻһЦţСצָָ㣬ʾҪȥ
ҶֵΪʲôҪȥ
СָָеľȻָָ¥ϡ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ľҪȥȥɶ
ʱС׷ɵҶǰȻҶ־ȥ
Ҷԥ£ûоܾľҪȥ϶ʲôˣ߱ʲôԵʣҲܺ档
ҶСȥʱ˵Ŀⶼ׷Ͷ˹
ʱ｣ͻȻҶС׵ǰ｣һСףȻҶҶ֣㣬ȥ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
｣֮ǰ˵㣬ֻ澳׵Ľܹȥ
ҶЦЦ¡˵ţСǵĹĻǰ
С׾ľҪǹĻȴǱҶסˡ
ҶС׵СԴȻַǹĻϣ˵Ŀ֮УҶĽ˳˳ֱ۴ǹĻ֮С
ĻӴҶĽʱʱʼҲ
ģ˵Ŀ֮УĻɢ
һĻɫˡ｣ã
ҶСȥʱʱ｣ٴεҶС׵ǰ｣ֱҶΪʲô
㣬ֻдﵽ澳׵ĽܹȥҶĽ⣬ֻ
｣ʵģҲǳڶལ֪ġ
Ҷ룬Ȼ֪
Ȼ｣شĺԥ
Ҷɨһ۳ڶལޣҲ֪
Уལ޵˵ͷ
Ҷ룬ȻҲ֪ǵĽ֮ʲôҵĽηʲôηη塣
˵⣬ָָڣǶûȥӦֻ֪澳׽ܹȥˣǴԼԼȥΪǵĽⲻ澳׽⣡
˳ĬЩѾʼ˼
ʱҶֵޣη޾壬޵еġرǣǲԼԼԼԼǵĽ֮·Ҳ͵ͷˡ
˵꣬ҶС׵Сצ˵㡣
Уལ޿ʼ˼｣Ҳˡ
һᣬˮͻȻǼһ⡣
｣ˮʲô˼
ˮȻ˵ⷬеǣҸоĽǵ
｣
ҶȻǵ⣬Ҫ֪Ľ̺־в־ļӳ֣Ľǿɿ澳׽ġ
ҶС¥󣬵ڶڵལ޿ʼ̲סȻҲȥȻǶʧˣ
ơ
Уལʧκ󣬿ʼ̲סˡ

ҶС׽ҶʱоЩ壬ΪڣֻһˣһŮˡ
ҶһŮӣŮӴԼʮ꣬һϮɫȹڵأ˫΢գ붨
ҶջĿ⣬ȻСףСգգۣҲҶ
ҶЦҡҡͷȻС׵ԴľҪʲô
СһЦȻצеľһǱľͻȻȻм䣬ҶСҲ˹ҶС׵ע£ľʼԭת
ľתҶ֣ƺжڳľ£
ʲô
ʱһͻȻڳ
Ҷתͷȥ˵ǰȹŮӡ
Ҷûʲô
ȹŮĿҶǰǱľϣͣ
Ҷ⣬Ϊʲô
ȹŮӿҶҪ˵ڶ飿
ԣҶ˫۶ʱ΢˵һˡ
Ҷ£һͻȻҶüλãͬʱǰȹŮҲҶǰŮֱҶղŵĻе˵һ飿
䣡
ʱһɿֲ⾳Ҷϯǿ⾳ֱӽŮ˴سɡһ̣ҶֱʧԭأٴγʱѾŮӵǰţҶŽŮ͵ؾһ
ȹŮɫ䣬ٽһ̡

һҶ˴سʮɡ
Ůûڼ֣ҶãȻ⣬ô
ԶҶȹŮӣ澳⣡
һΣ˱⻹ߵˡ
ŮӴһҶȻһ⣬У̺һֱУõѾԿ澳
˵⣬ŮɫͻȻվ澳
£ǰ̤һɲǼ䣬һɼǿĽϯȻҶѹ˹ȥ
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ĭһ˲Ҳǰ̤һһ̤ڲϯŰȹŮӵ⾳ѹ˹ȥ
ܿ죬⾳ڿж
ȻҶĽֻǣ֮п̺־ˣĽǰȹŮӵĽʱ˿·硣ĽҲ޷ѹ˰ȹŮӵĽ⣬ˣڳж
ʱǰȹŮӣҶûջԼĽ⣬Ҳң˭ջأһʤ׷ĻԼͿ϶ҪԴˡ
˴ԼһӺҶ߽ơ
ԼƣҶɫʱ
ȻԼĽȻܹ澳⣬澳ȣ϶һġ
ʱԶСͻȻǻתľŮӾһ
ͣ
һڳһ
ȹŮɫ΢䣬һУһУת˲Ǳ
䣡
СǵȻɢʱСױľٴһ

ŮӵĽľһӴֱӱľ룬ɢڵء
һĻŮ˫۶ʱͬʱҶͬʱȥ˽⡣
һԣС׾Ҫٴζ֣ȴǱҶסˡ
ʲôʱȹŮͻȻ
ҶŮһۣȻΪʲôҵĽת
ŮӿҶ㲻֪ʲô
ҶСףСգգۣȻ̯̯СצʾҲ֪
ҶľľûлӦ
ĽʱȹŮͻȻ
ҶȹŮӣȻ˵ͷȷʵǡ
֮ҶֱҶ
Ҷ˵ʱŮͻȻʧԭأĿģǱľ

ŮҪ
ҶɫҪ֣ʱСȴȳצľŮӾһ
䣡
ľֱ֮ӽŮˣСױŽҪ֣ʱ
ǲ
һڳ
СҶľȻסˡ
ΪľĽϣһľм
ˣ


1690 ˫
ľˣ
Ҷʱͷת˲ǷԼͷľʲôڣôܻ
Ҷߵľǰϸ˿ܿ죬֣ľǿľм֮£һϸСĽɫƽֽɫ
⣬Ҷʱˡ
ģľЩľ֮£ģ
ʱҼĻ
Ǳӡģ
Ҳ˵ľЩľ飬ǷӡűĴڡľһľ飬϶Ϊղľʲô
ˣҶԶǰȹŮӣʲô
ȹŮӿһҶû˵
Ҷ
ʱȹŮĿСǰľϣʱСæסľȻһҵģ
ŮӳĬãȻ˽飬ˡ˵⣬ҶҪĽ⣡
⣿
Ҷüͷ΢壬н⣿
ŮӵԼܡ˵꣬˵ԭء
Ҷ˫ۻϣã۾
⣡
طн⡣ңеءĬһ˲ľȻĽܹ㣿
ҶĻľʱ΢΢һ
ҶҵĽⲻܰ㣿
ľ
ҶȻľĻ¿СףС׿գգۣȻСצ
ģҶɫЩÿˡΪľ˵Ľ̫ˣ
Ľ̫ˣ
Ľǿ澳׵ĽⰡľȻ˵Ľ
ҶָԶǰȹŮӣĽأ
С׿˿ԶȹŮӣȻֿľһҶСצʼӶ
ģҶɫЩÿˡΪľ˵ǰȹŮӵĽһ
˵ľ澳׵Ľⶼϡ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˰ȹŮ£ʱȹŮ۾
ҶĽ⣬ǽµĽ𣿡
Ůӵ˵أ
ҶǽɵĽǳԽ澳׵ģ
أŮӵ
Ҷܲˣ
Ůӵû죡
Ҷ
ľʲôʱŮͻȻ
Ҷʼ磬֪
Ůü΢ʱҶֵǸĲ֪
ŮӿҶãҶ˵ٺֿԶСеľȻ˵أǵ꽣ɾסĵطˣĽ⡣Ҳ澳֮ϵĽ⣡
澳֮ϣ
Ҷ˫ۻϣٴθһ¡ܵǹɽ⣬ǣûиܳʲôرĵط
ǲǾûʲôرĵطŮͻȻʡ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵ
Ůӵ⽣رĵطﵽ澳֮ͻ֣ᷢǷ·ߵ·ľͷ
ǰû·ˣҶʡ
Ů΢΢ͷҵĸоǣǰû·ˡãȻ˵ţɨһܣֵ澳֮ϵĽ⣬ܹҵ·
˵꣬ŮӿҶ˵⣬鷳ñǽΧĽ⡣
Ҷ˵ʲôŮȴ˫۱˵
ҶСףСգգۣȻצеľԭҶΪľҪǿգȻľûУСֱӽ˺ڡ
ҶһľҪĻû취ãһľܸӡ
ҶɨһܣȻҲ۾
ܣ
ΧĽ⣡
澳֮ϵĽ⣬ҲûᣬȻŹ
ʱһһȥ
һʱҶ۾
ʲôҲû
ò˵⻹еƵġĬһᣬҶ˺ڡ
ҶҵǱ컭ꪣ
컭ǵǰǱ컭ꪣ
ҶǱ컭ǰԣСǱľǱ컭ãҶͻȻס˷컭ꪡסǷ컭ꪱǾҲ
ŶһǿԷ컭֮дҶϡ
˫˫⾳
˫˫⾳ȻǷ컭ꪵģ˵ġ
Ե
Ҷĸо
⾳̩ͬɽѹһ㳯ѹҶûýɱȥֿ⾳ѹ
־
ھƾ־ֿ
֮Բýɱ⣬Ϊ֪Ƿ컭ڿ
ˡֻгĿ飬Żĳ
ģ컭ڲҶҲڲˡˣȫһϸССߣޱȡ
һԣС׽ŵĿҶһûȥæΪҶ֮ǰѾˣ𵷵
ʱһһȥ
ǲ
ͻȻһڳ쳹
Ҷֱˡ˿˿ѪЩѿ֮ת˲䣬Ҷֱֻ۾ͱһֻѪۡ
һԣС׾Ҫ֣ȴҶֹ
˲ʱǷ컭ꪽƽǣ˫˫⾳ȴûʧԴԴûҶڣ
Ƿ컭˵⾳
⾳ﵽһ̶ȺûƻǲʧģҲˡ˫˫⾳ⷽ컭⾳Ȼ˫˫⾳ֻ޸֮Ƽ
ңҲ˵Щ⾳Ҷ֮󣬾Ϳӵ˫˫⾳ȻҲûл⾳պ󣬶ɱ⻹н⻹кܴġ
˫˫⾳պҶ˿Ȼʼڵĺ޸Լһᣬ׻ָ
׻ָҶٴסǷ컭ꪣסһϢǴҶС
ҶĿ˴ԼһӺ۾˫
ⷽ컭ꪸղŸһΪ˫Ĺ
˽˫Ҷɫ˲ͬʱҲҵû˫Ӧ˵͵ʸͲʺ˫
˫źܴҪ󣬶ͣʲˣ˵͸ûеõ˫ľ衣
ֵһ˵ǣ˫ɹ󣬲ӵ˫˫⾳˵һ⾳Ĺ
⾳
Ҷе㾪ȣΪֻ⾳û⾳ġȻȴʵġȻвУҪ֪
ҶûпʼҪ֪ڱڵλÿɲʲôȫĵط
صʵҶһŮӣŮӻڱչأҶû˵תȥ
｣ôһкҶֱ뿪̫¥ȻһȫĽţ˺ڡ
ڣҶڵأпʼ˫
˫
˿ҶЩģಡ˫ʵѾܹѹأԼǵǿ̶ȣ
˫⾳
˫⾳ӵ⾳
⾳˫ľʱʲô澳澳ģ
ˣҶ˷ˡ


1691 ۴ᣡ
ʼ˫Ҷⷽ컭ΪβϿˡ
˫˫Ե˫
Ȼ͵Ըһ㶼Եˣⷽ컭ꪵԭ˸µƣȻϣûƣûƣְµĶûУ
ʵϸ˵ҶҲûµơⲢӰ˫
ΪҶҲû¹˭
η
ⷽ컭꪿ģ֮⣬оηνηη塣㣬Ҷԭ˺ƣ
Ҷ˵˫Ϊܺãң컭֮лϸȻǷ컭ǰ
ϸԣûãҶ˫Ҫ졣ڶ˵Ҫ˫ֻʱ⣡
ڡ
ʱһһȥҶԣǱ컭ꪣ

ԭڵصҶͻȻ۾ţֱסǱ컭ꪣ컭΢΢һһ̣컭ض
ˣ
˫
Ҷǰķ컭ꪣ˷֮ɫѾӵ˫˫⾳ʵ˫൱˫⾳˵˫⾳˫
ֵһ˵ǣ˫⾳ģ
֮Ϊ˫⾳ǿȡ˫ڵ˫ױˣ˫⾳ﵽ
˫⾳ǿȡ˫컭ꪵǿҲȡ˫ڵķ컭ֻףǷ컭Ʒ׾ǳԽ׵ģ컭Ҳ⣬ˣס
컭ꪵľһ컭ꪲǱӡģǱ˴澳֮ϴ䵽ף
Ӳģ
Ǳ˭ģҶҲ棬컭ȴǲ˵ˡСȥʣû˵
ҶףǷ컭һβ׵£ˣûˡ
˫ȻǻģǣķǳǳˡߣҲûʱˡΪǸ۽ϾҪʼˡ
ᣬǷǳǳʶġ
ҶɨһܣȻŷ컭ꪳ˵һ
ڣǳʶ컭ꪵ
վԭأҶֽеķ컭ꪡһ̣Ȼһµĸоһ̣ǰվŶʮ澳ǿߣ֮һս
ʱСױľҶǰ
СһЦȻָָҶеķ컭ꪣȻָָԼצеľţһֻСצӶ
һᣬҶҡͷһЦСףȻԴ
ôС׶Դ
ȻСȴǼҪ棬ԣǵ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷЦãǿʼ
˵⣬ҶɫͻȻһ䣬ΪСͻȻٽ˹
Ҷæŷ컭ꪵ˹ȥ

һ̶ļҶس
Ҷд󾪣Сô󣿲ԣܿ죬Լ뷨С϶ûôģľԵʣľǰǿˣ
ʱСͻȻɵǰȻһЦҶҪ˵СȴͻȻٽһն
⧲֮£Ҷ㱻һУӦ죬²һСһ
һգСգգۣȻҶţ¶һõЦݣҪʱҶȴͻȻһץסСƨɡ
ҶСϵԼǰȻСһ˭ѧģȻġ
Сգգ۾ȻСצָָҶţһֺõģģͺ˵ѧĺ
Ҷ
ãҶҡҡͷСǱˡСûиĸֻһС飬ģ£ģģ϶ǰҲģ϶ȻҲԡ
ҶûȥСףҲȥı䡣˵С׸˾ͺáɲСױֹؾصССѹԼԣûжٿֶԡ
СһʱҶصʵС
۽ᣡ
۽̫¥⣬˿̵̫¥⣬һ޴Բ̨Բ̨ܣѾۼˡ
У󲿷ݶǽޡ
ҶЩΪ۽Ѿʼ
̨ϣһӶ·˱˱ȭȻ½޻۴˵أҵĿģ֪Ϸɽһýɷ⣬о½޽
˵⣬˶٣ȻЦشҶˣϷ𣬱زסգǶλѾ⽣ɳǡ˵ţɨһܣȻֵλѵΪһΣΣ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻһ⣬ֵĺף˶ûп塣ܿ죬ɢһŽ۵ӳԡ

ֵһ̣һȹŮҲ֮Բ̨֮ϡ
ȹŮӣҶزף
ȹŮӣҶһĨ죬ΪȹŮڵǸȹŮӡ
һҶزףȻҶ
Ҷز΢΢ͷȻҾͲˡ˵ţɨһܣֵرġ㱾ʲôؾСѹֱģ֮ľֻյѳɡ
˵꣬һֱʧԭء
رģ
·Ҷ΢΢ͷȻҶز˵Ļ٣ò˵е
رģԼһǲԼ˵ʲô¶ѳɾͣ
ҪرȻһ׵顣ΪʵΣ˶ᱻ׵αƵȥΥĵ顣
ԣرģѣǳѣ
Ҷزߺ󣬳ͻȻĬãԲ̨ϵͻȻҶұ޽֮ˣҪģǿȻǿԣҲһ仰λ޽ģ
£Ҳתʧԭء
޽ģ
ٴγĬ
ҶҲĬ
޽ģ
ܾٵһ仰
ֻһǿģȥǿ飬ͺñ޽ǿôǿ
ʱеĽ޿ʼ໥ܹۡվģʲôˣȻ֪໥ĺô
Ҷڳһ󣬾ҪȥΪоЩ۶û̫ãΪĽ֮û⡣
ҶҪȥʱͻȻһӳԲ̨֮ϡ
УĿʱԲ̨֮ϵİϡдһ˿棬ΪӲǽޡ
ɨһܣĿ·ҶϣǷһĨЦݣǸҵҶɣͷֵǮ£


1692 ն
У˿Ҷ
Ҷ
ʵΪҶ鲢ûд½ҵĵ̣Ҫһ鴫ȥǷǳ򵥵ġ
ԣһЩ⣬ܶ˸֪ҶĿ£
Ȼ֪Ҷ飬ǣҶҶͨڳ˶֪ġҿǱ꣬Ƿǳǳ˵ġ
У˿ҶʱĿЩˡ
·ҶĬһ˲Ȼǰӣһܺ棬ôҵҵģ
΢΢һЦȻóһϣҶӣҶһľС㣬С㣬ȻСס
Ҷˡ
С̫¥¶ȻڵѾ¶ˡ
ʱЦ˵ֻؾ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵǡ
ЦЦȻе㲻ףȻֻؾΪҪôļǮɱأ
Ҷأ
Ҫ˵ͻȻ뵽ʲôɫѿ
ҵʵôɱһֻؾߣ𣿻仰˵һֻؾֵһôĴɱȻǲֵõġ
ˣ֪Լһγ嶯ˡǰˣԲֻһֻؾô򵥡
·Ҷû˵תߡ
˻ûǰȴͻȻǰԶ
ֱҶ֪㲻ֻǵһֻؾǣôȥҺܲģԣһ¡
£ҽ͵һ棬ˡ͡һʧԭأҶǰʱһɿֲϯȻѹҶ

ǿߣ
ǰҶɫ䣬ǰ̤һһ̤һ컭ꪳУһ̣ŷ컭ꪶǰ͵ؾһҡ
䣡
һ£ǰӵ˲䱻ɢͬʱӱҲֱӱǧ⡣һͣھѪ
ǿ
ĳһŮͻȻ
ŮӾˮԣ｣
｣΢΢ͷе㲻ǽޣ
ˮǳͬص˵ͷ
ԶҶŷ컭ꪳǰȥ˵ʱҶͻȻʧԭأһĻɫʱһ䣬ҪߣȻѾˡ
ΪҶͷţҶеķ컭ɽһ㳯
컭̺֮һ̣ɫ˲Ұûоôһ淽ζƳУӿУţһǿɫǶ֮г
䣡
Ȼɫһֱ֣ӱҶķ컭ꪸ飬컭ٶȲЯǿ·ǰȥ
䣡
˵Ŀ֮Уǰֱӱһꪸһ̯࣡
򵥣
Ҷû˵ŷ컭ꪳԶȥͻȻͣȻתͷЩޣҪҵͷȥûеĻҴڹʡ˵꣬Ҷתʧ˲Զ
Уž
ãڽ¿ʼۣƺѾ˸ղŵ顣
ҶʵĻ˻ȥ֡ǣӸղųҶʵһ㶼ǿЩסң˭ұ֤Ҷʵʵ
ãã
ûٺõĶǰ״
Ҷ뿪˽ɳǣ˽ɳǺ󣬿ʼŷɽȥѾ¶٣ҵˣǱЩͷȥˣ϶Ѿڸɳǵ·ϡ
ԣ뾡ȥɽɽ뿴λ˵еĽ⣬һĿģǾǿûʲô
ɽ뽣ɳǲԶڽɳ
û߶ãҶǼһɽɽǺܴҲߣ״ȴЩأΪɽеչķˡ
ɽ
Ҷûԥҽһ壬ֱӻһ⳯Ƿɽȥ
ҪǷɽʱһͻȻԷɽһ̣һɫٶȼ죬˲ͺҶǵϡ
䣡
Ҷֱӱǵԭأ
ˣ
Ҷ̧ͷɽɽʱһͻȻڳ𣺡ǽɵ겼ĽҪң⽣ѾǰȻͲǱôˡ
Ҷתͷȥֻ｣ò֪ʱԶλá
󣿡
Ҷ⣬ɽϻи󣿡
｣˵ͷ⽣֮ǿ澳ǿ߶ȥʱţѾԶԶûеôǿˡҲС
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻǲȥμǸʲô۽᣿
｣ˡǽɵķ⣬оҶزףڣҶزǶѾԣ⽣ˡ
ҶɽȻԼĻ𣿡
｣ɽĬãȻϣУ˵ţҶգԣ·ɡʹ·ҲҪСĵ㣡Ȼ˵Ӧû⡣
Ҷ˵ͷ߰ɣ
˵ţҶŷɽȥ
｣ÿһҶȻҲȥ
·ϣ｣ͻȻ֣Ҽ֣
ԣҶͣ｣ˣ˭ҵ飬Ѿǣ˾Ȼ֪Ȼ｣òһˡ
｣ĬãȻء
ؼң
Ҷˡؼң˴֮һ
ؽ֣ö˶ûж⡣Ǻ棬ϾҼǵƬǿһ֮һ
ҶǰߣĬһ֣
ؽˮһۣнǴһĨ𾪡
ҶֻֻؾҼǿһ֮һ
ʱҶֵҴ򲻹û˵٣ս֣֮򲻹֮Ĳ̫࣬ˡﶼֲ
ؽЦЦȻ֣ҪĹЩ˻
Ҷ΢΢һЦû˵ӿ˽Ųʱ䲻࣬ɲ뱻ҵҪɱ϶ֻɼ澳˵Ҽܣ
֮⣬Щɢǿ߿϶ҲУԻ澳ǿߣΪҸı꣬ʵ̫ˡ
֣ʱ̽һ½ΣʱؽͻȻ
Ҷǲ±ۣ
ؽҡҡͷʲô۲۵ģֻ㽻ûаϵ
Ҷ˵ͷҪ˵ʱһԵˮָԶɽڣǿǵ֡
Ҷؽ̧ͷȥһɽ֮ϣһ֡ʱɫԼͬ
ɽ֮ϣдʮ֣
Сɣն̫
ǿԱ߻УˮͻȻ
ҶĿƣͬʮ֣ʮʱҶʱסˡ
ΪּϤңӵּ
ңӣ
ңµãҶð
Եؽͬص˵ͷ


1693 ˲ɱ
ؽöͬص˵ͷ
ңʲô
̫µǾ仰Աߣһֻ֣࣬ʮ֡
ֳ壬˲ɱ

̫Ǿ䡰СɣնҪ
̫Уﵽһɾܹͣնˡ仰ж˵ʲôǷǳصġ˵û޵аµơ
ңͬ
Уýκ˶ɱ
ǺεȵİԵεȵţ
ҶĬ
ң̫׿϶ǿʼ۵Ƕʱûȥʲôģûй
ǰѧΪ뽣ڣֻѧǸʱǵڣƾѧˡ˵ѧԼѡ
ʣԼϲ
ϲ
гͷҶסˡΪ֣гͷĵһӦǺƽҲ˵̸ϲȻ϶Ҳᡣ
ܽ᣺һֱѧǱδԼȥŬ޽Լҵ

Ȼ
ǳĴ󡣲̫׻ңӣϲԼҵȥչ̫ңӣѧģΪԻŬ
ǱȱǣδȥнҲΪһֱûԼרΪĽѧ˵ġ
Ȼһʼκ鶼ǴѧϰʼǣȴûзչԼĽûУ붼û
ڽϣֵùҹ
ܼȥ
뵽⣬Ҷ֪ȥĽɾһӶ̫ĽΪһֱѧϰȻûдǣѧϰ֮Ӧڴ£߳ԼĽ
ͨҶһ˿̣ȻһֻȻʵĸо
֮ǰԣ޽ʵġ
ң˭ʱһԵؽͻȻ
ңӵǾ仰棬
Ҷջ˼룬Ȼһˡ
жˮͻȻʡ
ǳҶ
ˮֵţ
Ҷ룬ȻӦûܹɱɣ
ˮ΢΢ͷȻϣܹдһ
ԣҶƤһˮǲĿ⣬ˮüë΢ôûʸ񣿡
ҶҡҡͷûôҾЦЦ˵
ʱؽ֣ÿǽţʵ˵⣬ʱ˻ԣȻҶز׶û
ҶߵؽǰȻؽļȻҴãңӡ
˵꣬Ҷҡҡͷ˵ɽȥ
ȻʱˮͻȻҶǰʲô˼ұܲ
ҶĬһ˲ȻָָԶɽңµǾ仰˵仰𣿡
ˮתͷһǾ仰˵ʲô촽˶վʲôҲû˵
ֳ壬˲ɱ
仰˵
ܣ
Ų仰
Ҷû˵ɽȥСˮˮܹ̫ڵڶµʫзֽ츳Կ϶Ƿǳõġ
ǣңˣԳ
ջ˼ҶӿŲеڴɽˡڴɣҲڴңӡ
һԣˮĬؽߵԣȻ㣬Բ̫ңģ
ˮ΢΢ҡͷȻ̧ͷɽ֮ϵ仰ǣĲǽġǵĽ֮ģη޾壬Ȼ֪𣿸ղҶʱҷ֣ηˣˡ
ؽ˵ʲôˮȴҡҡͷ߰ɣȥҲʶһ̫ңӣϣ¾һƻǡ
ؽ˵ͷ߰ɣ
ܿ죬øҶ
һ·ϣ޽
ɽʱͻȻһǿĽɽɢӴɽʱҶ˶ʱͣ˽Ų
ǹɽ⣬һɽѹϣõǴ粽С
Ĭһ˲ҶͷųԼĽ⣬Ľճһ˲ɽЩͻȻ糱ˮ㳯Ϯ
ȻҶĽֺɽǹɽΪơ
Ҷ̧ͷȥһ̣ҽһ棬洫ֱӻһ⳯ɽȥ
ܿ죬ɽͬһɫ⣬ٶȼ죬գۼҶǵϡ
䣡
һըҶӲͣͬʱһǿĽֱѹϡ
أ
Ҷɽسˣʮʱͣ
Ҷͣɽٴһţһɫʵ¡
Ҷɫ䣬΢΢һ컭ꪶʱУһ̣еķ컭ꪶǰ͵ؾһҡ
䣡
һ£ǵɫ˲飬ʱҶҽһ棬˻һɽȥ
ˣ
ʱһ̶ĽͻȻɽת˲ʮɫɽʮĿ꣬Ҷ
ʮҶһĨ⣬ûͣ£ûͣ£ٶȷӿ죬ʮǰʱŷ컭͵ؾһɨ
컭̺ǿֱӽǰĿռѣʮɫҲҶһꪸޣҶȴҲسɣ
һͣ£Ҷٴҽһ棬洫ͬһöڵһ㵯һ̣ʮɽ
ٶȼ죡
Ҷз컭ꪺն
䣡
ʮȻѣҶֻصԭء
Ҷ̧ͷɽΣȻֿһԵؽãΪʲôЩǣ
˿ŷ֣ЩֻΪղڳֵһ̣ؽҲųֵֿЩ⣬ǣЩȴֻ
ؽһۣؽҡҡͷ֪
Ҷ룬Ȼߣ
ؽ˵ͷȻˮɽȥȻǰЩ⣬ǣɽȴûн֡
ԭأҶĬһᣬȻʼɽȥ
ûж
ҶһɽղֻһᡣȻʱɽͻȻһת˲һɫɽ㼤¡
Ŀ꣬Ҷ
ԶؽɫʱŹˡһԵҶɫ
ڣϹӶóɽжȥ
ʲôֹȥ


1694 ƣ
ⲻҶں棬һԵ｣Ҳں档
ҶȻǵһȻǵһЩԾˡ
ɽʲôΪֲҶȥ
ԭأҶҪٴȥʱСͻȻľǰ
ҶСףС׷ɵҶļϣȻһֻСצָָɽ˷֮ɫ

ɽб
Ҷ˲С׵˼ΪֻСײŻ⸱顣
ʱСͻȻһ˸䵽ľϣȻСצɽһָ
ľһҪɽȥʱҶͻȻһѽСץ˻СתͷؿҶҶҪ˵СȴͻȻСצָɽһֻצץ֣ɽȥ
ҶСױǰȻǰôû֣Сһô̰أ
СգգۣȻԴ˲ҶգţСצָָԼָָҶ˵ҶΪ㡣
Ҷϣжˡ
е㻳ɣС׵ĻΪСԴӸ֣Се㿪ʼͷˡ
ĳʱһԵˮͻȻĿСϣдźεϲ֮ɫ
ҶҡҡͷδС׵ǳ
ǰøңΣˮͻȻ
Ҷδ˵С׾æҡҡͷ
СôԻˮϲˡ˵ʲôԵؽȴǶҡҡͷ
ˮһСҶ˵ʲôˡҶС׸ܺãҶ϶ǲóС׵ġֻǣղŻ˵е㲻ģԡ
ʱСָָɽȻ۰Ͱ͵ĿҶ
ҶС׵ԴȻߣһȥ
Сæ˵ͷҪľɽϷɡ
ҶסȻңף
СգգۣȻ˵СԴɵҶļϣľҶǰԶ
Ҷ̧ͷɽĬϢȻʼɽȥ˼ͻȻһٴɽ쳹𣬽ţһɽϮ
һĻҶɫʱҪ֣ʱСͻȻСצһӣצһӣҶǰǱľֱӻһ⳯ɽȥ
䣡
ɽǵֱӱľһȻѣޡ
ʱʮͻȻɽת˲ʮһʳҶ׹
СգգۣҪצȻʱǱľȴͻȻһ⳯ʼȥ
С㶣ȻҶǲ֮ɫɻûצˡ
ҶҲһ˿ɻľôͻȻ֣
ʣľݺύת˲ʱǲ˽
һĻһԵؽɫʱޱľ֮ǿȫǵ
ʱЩͻȻʧת˲Ǳľֱӷɵɽ֮ϡ
ҶСףСգۡһ
Ĭһ˲Ҷߣ
˵꣬С׳ɽȥһΣûн֣ⶼûгˡ
һԣ｣һۣȻҲæȥ
ҶʧһͻȻȥҶվλáƲһ̵
ӿȥҶʧλãȻͷе㲻ðãҲûʲô˼ˡ
䣬ֱʧԭء
ɽ
Ҷ˷ǳ˳ɽɽֻһһĹ
ҶһۣʱСҶ־ȥһؽȥ
빬֮Ҷ˶ʱסˡ
ڣȻȫһŮӵܡЩܣˡ
Ůӿֻжʮòµͷ
Ůļ޳ر˫ȣΪŮӳȲûڣˣһ˫޳ĳȺ޹˼ɵıŭ˿֮С
˭
УһĨɻ
ʱСͻȻָָԶҶתͷȥԶǱľľǰԶһľǰǱѩףѩ죬ǽȴɫġ
ϸͻ֣ᷢڽ֮ϣż

ʱһԵˮͻȻУһĨȡ
Ҷˮ
ˮһҶȻɵţ˽֮УнɵĴС֮⣬˽ǳԽ׵Ĵڡ
Խ׵Ĵڣ
ҶǱһȻֿľ˭
ʱľһţƮȥ˵Ŀ֮УǱȻʼˣ
ڼɵ
׼ȷ˵ǣе£
һ̣ؽɫһۣнһĨ𾪡
ľʲôȻõη壡
Ҷɫƽһ㶼⡣ľıԴܹ˵ģҲŪùɣϧǣľ̫ϲ
ûϵһľ̻Ϊһ׽
׽£µһý׽
ʱǱͻȻ΢΢һһ̣һ׹ڳһţһŰɫ۵ӳСͬͷò䣬бһƺ«
̫ף
˵Ǻųƽɵ̫ף
ؽɫȻ
̫ɨһҶˣĿҶϣҶʱüͷ㡭
Ҷüͷһ壬ʶң
̫һҶԭˡ
ʱҶ˵̫ͻȻһӣֱҶǰ֪ΪζұѧУȥɣ
ҶһǰľᣬȻôˣ
̫׷ʣȻأ
Ҷе̫ˡ
̫׿ҶãȻ¶н䱸̫ۣ
Ҷҡҡͷܱûûã
̫΢΢һЦҲǡһ£˭˵ߣҵĴСԣǻá
Ҷ֪һ˱ɣ˵ңӡ
̫΢΢ͷһ˱Ǿ֪ˡ
˵ţͻȻСԵľľʱüͷʱ
ǰʶ˽Ҷæʡ
̫׿ǱãȻתͷҶô㣿
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
̫׵ɱ֮Уüǳһ˽ƣûѡǡ
Ҷߣ˵ԼǺ˰
ʱֵ̫ˣһж޹ء˵ţԶ˽飬ˣԶˣҪǿ󡣡
˵꣬תߵԶһˮסУһŮӣŮӣΧЩܵı塣
̫׿ŹŮã񽥽ģ彥ܿ죬峹ʧ˳С
֮ʧģǸˮס
ʱǱͻȻ΢΢һת˲һɫĻͷԶ
Ļ֮еĳǷɽɽףҲǸղҶĵط
Ҷ˲⣬ʱһֳֳưɫ۵ӳǹĻ֮С
ǰһССġ֡
ңӣ


1695 ⣬ã
ңӣ
ҶɫȻڶμңӡڽڼңе㲻һӲһʡǰңվһ壬֮иһѹȸС
⣬ңӻҶһָоһʶĸо
ؽڼңӵһ̣ɫҲޱȻǲ֪ңӵǿ󣬵ǣֱǣĻеӣǿǳǿ
ĻС
ңվڷɽɽţ̧ͷɽɽУƽޱȡ
ܿ죬ɽɽȥ
ң̤Ϸɽһ̣һǿĽͻȻɽϯ£ܿ죬ɽңͷϿգȻҶ˾㵵Ŀ֮Уǹɽңǰͣһ˲Ȼͬˮ˻صɽ
ؽһۣк𾪣ؽҶ֣⡭
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼǽ
ңӣ
ؽ֣Ҫ֪ǽ⣬̫׵Ľ⣬̫׵Ľ⣬ǳԽ׵ĽⰡȻ⽣ȴη壡
ң𣿡һԣˮͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷȻĻĻ֮УʱңѾ֮ǰͣǴɽڣɽϣֻһ仰Сɣն
仰̫
ңӿǾ仰ãȻˣֳ壬˲ɱ
䣬еĽͻȻʧϡ
ת˲ɽ̫Ǿ仰Աߣһ֡
ңûԭͣǰߡܿ죬ңɽ
ңɨһܣȻ˴УҲǴʱҶվλá
ڣһǱ
ңĿǱ֮ϣĬһ˲ͻȻ΢΢һת˲̫׳˳С
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̫ڿңӣңͬڿ̫ףֻңɫһֱƽ
Ĭã̫ͻȻһΪ֮ϵˣһ㡣
ңһ˿һˣںδ
̧̫ͷһۣ֮ϡ
ң΢΢ͷˡ˵ţһ̫ף򣿡
̫΢΢ͷѾĿˡ
ңӵ˶ǣ
ʮ̫꣡׵˵ţңӣأ
ңӵ꣡
̫׿ңãȻ㲻Сǧ档
ң΢΢ͷ
̫һĨӣû뵽磬Ȼ
ңӵο򣿡
̫׳ĬãȻ򡯼򵥣ѡ
ңӵ˵ͷ⾳桯롮Լ֮ϡ桯׼ȷ˵ǰһС˵⣬Ĭһ˲ȻҪҪģ
̫׿ңãȻĽȱݡ
ңӵ˵ͷ֪
˵ºֲȱݡ̫׵
ңû˵ˡĬһ˲תȥߵſʱͻȻͣ½ŲȻһԵŮӵܣ߳ն˿
̫׳ĬϢȻһأҹˡ
ң΢΢ҡͷϧȻһս䣬ֱʧԭء
ˣĻʧ
УҶ˳Ĭ
Ҷ˫΢գһֱڻ֮ǰң̫׵Ļ

ң̫׾ȻҪ
ΪʲôҪ
Ҷý⡣Ȼ򣬵ǣİ˵κţңӻ̫ףǶԽ˽⣬϶Ҫġ
Ȼ̫ңӾȻ
ţҶȻ붨ˡ
һԣؽһۣûȥҶÿһԵ
ʱСҲ
ˮߵǰȻԸң
δӦСͻȻǰȻСצС
ʱ΢΢һȻֱƮС׵ǰ֮ϣɢ޵Ľ֮С״к
ˮ
СǱǺͶԵǽš
һĻˮһĨȻҪ뿪ʱСͻȻˮǰС׶ˮһЦȻСצָָָָˮ
ˮ㶣Ȼ˵Ҫң
С׵˵СԴ
Ϊʲôˮ⡣
Сգգۣɰѵˡô֪ΪʲôҪˮأ
һˮȻָ˼ȥ
С⸱ģˮ̲סһС׵СԴȻСһߺòãҼкܶö
ö
С۾һȻæ˵СԴС׵ͷˮɫһϲҪ˵ʱСͻȻָָԶҶȻָָԼٽָָˮʾҪҶһˮҡ
ˮЦݽסһһ붨ҶȻֿСףһ󣬡ãһɣ
ԣС׶ʱһЦ
ˮ΢΢һЦԵǱҲûģ
΢΢һɵˮС
ˮ΢΢һЦؽǻؼҰɣ
ؽ룬Ҷ߰ɣ
ˮһҶȻ΢΢ͷã
Ҷʱ˴ţǾǺ˵ġҶ⸱״̬ȻǸղң̫׵Ļ룬û׾ͱ˴ţǿǰ
СȻҲ֪Ҷڲܴţˣľصȥˡ
תۣʱȥҶûѡ
ˮһҶȻ붨ɣ
ؽҡҡͷ֪
ˮ˵ʱҶ۾ԭˣԭˡ
ؽ֣㡭
Ҷؽãлػ
ؽ΢΢ҡͷС£ȻѾö˾͸ˡ
˵ţ˾Ҫߡ
ʱҶͻȻλһ仰λԺõš
ؽҶͽ̡
Ҷƶ
ƶؽüͷ
Ҷ˵ͷܶʱҪƶ˵ǣʱҪȥһЩӵУͻ֣ᷢȫȻͬľ
ؽ˵ʲôҶȴҡҡͷ
״ؽԵˮؽҡҡͷ֪ܶ飬ҪԼ򣬱ˣֻܸһʾ߰ȫ˵ˣǷܻỵ¡
ˮҶ˱ȭȻлˡлᣬؼ͡ǣ
˵꣬ؽתȥ
ؽøһţǼһԶ
ؽãֱӳŹȥؽʱͻȻͣؽãҶɣ
ؽһӣû˵ʱͻȻʧԭأؽɫʱ䣬Ҫ֣ʱһѪɫѩڳƮ
ͣ
ؽֱֱֻӷ˳ȥ
һԣˮŭҪ֣ؽȴסؽֱӣϸѩӰеļ
΢΢ͷҡ
ңʱһͻȻڳ
תͷȥֻǴſڣվһӣӣҶ
ҶͷֵͦǮģãڻ㣡
ҶֱָָӵԴ⣬ã


1696 ԭʼΪ棡
ã
ԶǷһĨЦݣţȻ֪϶ֻǵֻؾԣҲ㡣˵⣬˶٣ֵȻҲ̫߿㣡Ƭ棬һܹҸ߿ģĲ࣡
֣
ʱһԵؽͻȻѵ⣬Ӱϣеʵǿ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻǼɣ

£ֱʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰţһѪɫѩ˳УѪɫѩֵģһѩ⣡
ڽֵһ̣ҶͻȻһһһĺһ̶ܿ죬ǱͣţͻȻһУҪҶϡ
ڽеһ̣Ҷȴͬ۶һһһҶżһ棬˳˰ɣһֳͣǰһ̽С
ԶһҶ΢ƣе˼
䣬ͻȻһʧԭأʧһ̣˲Ҷǰ
ʱҶͻȻһ̳һֱӴ˼гϡ

ײжʱһĴ̶˱Եسˣת˲䣬ǼȴͻȻҽ͵һ棬Ȼ˻һѩ
һ쵽£
ԶҶɫ䣬ڼʧһ̣еĽͻȻŵԼü䴦

һҶн潣֮ϣ΢΢һת˲ҶͻȻȻн泯Լ˹ȥһͬ쵽¡
һ֮üͷ΢΢һ壬ȻսԼǰյԼǰҶеĽնеĽ֮ϡ

һ𣬼ֱӱҶһسʮɣ
ûڳ֣һۣУһ˿أǿ
Ҷ𣿡
΢΢ͷʵ֤ҵ뷨ûġ⣬ѶȣȤ𣿡
£ͻȻҶǰеĳͻȻһն¡
Ҷҽһ˳ͣ£һһն¡㿪һ֮ҶҽŽżһֵ棬˶ʱǰһǰ̡
һգɫ䣬Ҷͬһ̳
ҡײһʱҶеĽȴͻȻһȻżĽ˼ĺɫ΢䣬ûսͬҶĽҶĺ
⣬ͬھΪ˵Ľࡣ
Ȼôͬھ
ҶĽ뼾вʱһĶ̵סҶĽĽҪҶʱָס
Уһۣһ̣ҶеĽǰһеĽ͵һʡ
أ
һը𣬼Ҷһֱʮɿ⡣еĽҶָѪۣҶָɵĿĻָǱסˡ
ԶĬһ˲ͻȻֳֽԼǰһ̣ͻȻҶվһն¡
ͣ
һѩ׽Լг˼ѩ׽ɰѩ۶ɣͨѩף֮ռ䶼ѩһƬ

ʩչԼĽ
ԶҶɫƽǰ̤һһ̤еĽҲƽ̶
ƽ̣
򵥵һƽ̣
ûʩչ
ܿ죬ҶĽ˼ǵ֮ϣһӴҶеĽǾһţ̺ǿֱӽҶ˴󲻶Ϻˡ
˲ʮɺҶҽͻȻ͵һ棬һҶҲͣһ̣еĽǵ͵һ
ͣ
һֱӼǵ룬ձ룬ȴͻȻǰţһҶһ
һ̣ҶǸоȫĪһţһѾü䲻λá
ҶӦܿ죬ҽһֱһһȻʱһ̵ͻȻжܿ죬ǳĿ죬Ƚ죡
ڵһ̣Ҷҽٴһ棬ֱ˵ʮɿ⡣
һͣҶƤѿһӣѪѿ֮л˳ղţһ֣ԴܾѾˡ
ѿСת˲ǽ޸
Ҷ̧ͷǼ΢΢һЦҵĵҵĽ
˵⣬ͻȻһ䣬ΪҶʧԭˡҶٴγʱѾ
֮
һڼһ
ͣ
ȻѾʮɿ⣬ȻһͣҶȴٴγ󣬽ţһһ
һΣɫڱˡ
ˣ
һΣûж㣬̵ͻȻתгͬʱеĽͻȻһ⳯Լиȥ֮⣬һɿֲ⾳ӿȻҶϯȥ
⣡
䣡
һըڳвת˲һ뵶ⲻڳ˸š
սʼ
Զˮ㷢ûûý⣡ȻָҶ
ؽ΢΢ͷȻΪβý⣿
ˮҡҡͷ֪
˵ţԶ
ԶսԽԽҡվΪֹҶûʹù⣬ûʹùǼ򵥵Ŀ̣ЩѧʱĻ
ȻЩ˿ȴǱȼЩǿĽҪǿңսУǼѾҶѹơرǼҶǹİ֮õҶս޵еĴڡ
ҲҶ͹Ȼѹƣܹǿֿ
ն
ʱͻȻ˼ŭתһǿ󽣼ڳֶ뼾ֵҶЩس󲻶ϺˣҶʱǼȷʵͻȻʱĽͬҵļе
Ŀ꣬ȻҶ
ڼУ̵
ԶҶǼһһˣһǵü䴦Ƥһ룬ʱҶеĽͻȻ̳

һ𣬼ǱֱӱҶɣʱȴҶǰɲǼ䣬˲佫Ҷû
Щ⣬ΪٹԵʣ
УЩûʱҶ˫ȴǻν桭ԭʼΪ棡
䡣Ҷ۾˿ɲǼ䡭


1697 ȥںϣ
һ˲ҶеĽͻȻˡ
̣Уᡭ
ؽУҶظЩҶӽٶȣǷǳǳģСýһ㡣
ȻԶؽɫȴޱ
ҶٶȲǿ죡
쵽Ϊ
һϢʱ䣬Щȫʧ
սҶֱֽԶļ𣿡
ҶãȻΪʲô
ҶĽУǳǳͨͨѧ˶ᣬң֮УҶûýӳ֡ǣЩͨĽУȴĵ
֪Ҷ
˵ͷ
Ҷ˿еĽȻ֪֮ǰŷ֣ߵĽˡ
ˣüͷ΢壬ʲô˼
Ҷ˵ֻ˵ûж˵ţһۼֵٶȣǽﵽ𣿡
˵ͷ
ҶﵽԼļޣ֮ʲô֪𣿡
棡
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ʲôΪ桯𣿡
Ĭһ˲ȻԸꡣ
Ҷν棬ǱԴǱĿͺñеĽģʵǿıĿʲôʣʵıĿʲô
һҶȻܲ˵ļһ㣡
Ҷ΢΢ͷνԭʼΪ棡ڼ򵥵˵ǣӦûΪȥ׷ıʡͺñýУʵ䲻ڣôСǣΪǵĴ£бĶ˸ֻĽĽС
𣿡
Щǿ𣿡
ҶһеĽǿҲǽǸӦ׷󽣣ǽ˵⣬ΪǸ
΢΢ͷڳ˼
һԵؽô˿Ҳ˼Ҷ˵ġ
һԣҶһϴһ˿Ц⡣
һΪ̫ңӵĶԻ

ң̫˵Ǹ򣬲ָ򣬻бģҲЩʵĶͺñȴһֻоǧܹȥʣĸʵӷ
ң̫˵Ϊȥʣ׷󽣵ıʣ˵ıʡ
ΪȥΪ棡
Ҷԣ֮ǰ뼾ʱûʩչ뽣⡣ԺҲȥʩչ뽣⣬ڵ뷨ܼ򵥣ǰѧЩͷ
⣡
ʱͻȻܹնɱ澳
Ҷջ˼û´Щ澳澳أ
¾Ҽ֣ܹΪ澳ǿߡ֣ˮֻе澳ǿȣвġ
ҶãȻΪ׷ʣΪ桭лָ㡣
˵꣬תߡ
ʱҶͻȻôˣ
תҶɱ㡣
Ҷҡҡͷҵ˼ǣҲһСæɣ
˵ͷ㡣
ҶҲиСæҪȻ㲻Ը⣬û˵
һҶȻҲԸǷ飬˵ɣʲô¡
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲûʲô£ǿڲãҪһˣˣеСҸһȥ
ԣƤһ˿̣еˡ
ң
˭֪Ҷڱ׷ɱҶҪңȥʲô϶ǻȥȲġҶȥζҪҶϰ
ӣ
Ŀӣ
˿ҶΪʲôôĸôˣǿӣ·
ʱҶͻȻȻ㲻Ը⣬ҲǿֻǣҲ֪ˣͨϰ߸ˡն˳²˳ܲġ˵Щûб˼Ҿͼ򵥵˵˵ѣûб˼ģ
΢飬ҶãȻ֪˵˵ѣģ֪
Ҷ
ʱͻȻָһһŷҶǰ˵ԸǷ飬Ƿ飬һỹ㡣Ǵʱһϵ
˵꣬תһʧԭء
ǰĴҶǷһĨЦݣ⼾ʵǷǳǿģ˵Էһ澳ǿߣʲô¡
ң
뵽ңҶɫʱҶ飬Ȼûǣ˳𲻱Ϊˡ
Ϊж͸жг𱨳
ɵһ֮ȥԿҡҲ޷һ֮ȥԿң˵ģҼ򲻹սۣ֮޷Կ
ԣҪҰ֣
֣
ҶͻȻһԵؽãҶƤʱһ
ʱҶղ˵Ļаɣ
ؽһۣؽ֣Ǹö˺ܸм㣬ǣǲȥңö£ǣؼҵˣöȥңܻܿؼҵжԣԡ
ҶЦЦȻ⣬ҲҪȥҡ˵ǣ֪ĽΪαǿ𣿡
ؽûشҶֵΪöε˿̣Ǻңȴֹ˼ɼ壬Ȼѡ񲻰ޣ޵Ĳǽģ͵ڽͲܸóʱǣǵĽΪûмĿǿΪǵ뽣ˡ
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
ԭأؽóĬãˮͻȻ磬˵ĺе
ؽЦЦ֪ǣΣǣףǾ㲻ΪףҲܸǴ鷳𣿡
ˮĬãȻͻԥһԥô죿˵⣬򹬵㿴𣿲ǼҶǵĽǳĿ죬ǿ̫ˡ
ؽĬ
һᣬˮҡҡͷ߰ɣ
ܿ죬뿪˷ɽ
Ҷ˺Ȼ˵ڡ
Ϊ
ѧ̫ལȭЩȻᶪҪľǽЩȭںϣȻǻΪ򣬱ĸü򵥣Ӵ⣡
ȭЩҪ仯Ϊ
Ľ̫ˣѧҲ̫ˡ
ԣҪԼѧȫȥںϣ


1698 һɲǼ䣡

ҶҪȥľǽնνնν̫̫ˡΪǳɳͽϽԵʣԣûн
νȥõ⽣ĸҼ򵥣Ӵ⡣
նνǱӣǣԹгȻʣ֮䣬Ҫʱġ
ҶľȥⷱĶҲǣʣֱӵӡ
У޷ǾǴ̣УȣڣֱӽնνˡԺÿһǵӵնν
ǡд̣Уȡ
ӣԺÿһǵӡ
ӣ
̺ٶٶǽıʡκνǽڻǿ˵ףΪٶǵıʾٶ
ԣҶЩֱ׷ٶȡ
ղѾˡ뼾ĽУܹ֮ƵЩ⣬õ֣ⷽⷽá
ҪǷǳǳѵģӣٶȵҪǷǳߵġҪ֪ûеӵһǿԷǳģǵӵĽΪӵԵʣԣһ㡣
Ҫľǣʹѵ벻֮ǵٶȲûС
ûнݾҪȥΪ򣬾ֻ
Ƿǳǳʹģڼֻ֣Ǿ͸ʹˡ
ھڼ򵥵Ĵ̣Уᣬǣÿһ൱ڵ˶ʮһѾȫû֪ãкڡ
ΪкˣԺ޹˼ɵĸǿѵ
£һҶ˽£ȻĻֻʮ졣
Ҷʲô¶ûÿǲظẈ̂УһЩ˯ûС
һٻ򽣣ֱʧȥ֪Ϊкڣֱʧȥ֪󣬻뿪ֱ޸ǣֻһʼΪ̫񣬺ĻָٶѾˡ
õʱòͣ
ʹ
ǳǳʹ࣬ΪʱֱۣȫǽģϾ߶ȼУǷǳǳ۵ġǣҪۡ
ûнݾҪĸǿֻۣ
Ǹ׼ģ
ֹȥ¡
Ҷֹͣˡ
УҶֽվԭأ˫΢գ붨˲һӺͻȻ۾
ˣ
һҶǰʮ⣬ʮ⣬еǺģеֱģебģ֮״һ
ҶʮãͻȻһĨЦݡʮûݻ٣ǲɢġղŻʮÿһٶʮֻ˲һϢʱ䡣
֮ǰһϢʱ䣬ʩչնν
ڣʩչʮ
ˣÿһҲԶҪ֪ÿôٶȻõģر˫ܹһϢͻӶʮӣҪԭ˫
Ϊʵ˫ǿõܹһϢʮӣ
ϾʵûӵĻ밲ϾԴ򣬰ϾԲĶ֡ǲܵġϾʵͺǿָ˵Ͼʵ϶Ҳһʵɱ䣡
Ȼ˵Ǻ£
Ҷû뿪Ϊкööûȥ

ӵ֮򣬰֮򣬿ռ䷨ʱ䷨ַУ˰ַ֮Ѿûùˡ
֮ûãΪ֮⣬ַѾû̫ˡǰҶǾûʲôˣڣ֣ûãˡ
ͺñȰ֮򣬰֮ѾȫͬûвеķҲûвеĽУֻвеˡ
ʱ䷨⣬ַ򣬶ýƱ˶ģǸƹԼûȥᣬо
κζҪȥŬѧϰŬоŻиõЧġ
ǰûעЩӦ˵Щڲˣ
ҪԼǰѧȫȫΪ򣬽Ǳ򵥣⣬ЧĶ
ң̫˵ָЩ뽣򣬶ָЩʵĶȥ׷ʣҲ档Ȼ˵ĶԻ϶ô򵥵ģҶֻ㡣
˵⣬ҶҲȫ˽⡣
о
ʱҶʼо
ռ䷨
Ҷоǿռ䷨Ϊռ޴ڣţռ䷨͸ǶİǾ޴ġ
ռ䷨򣬿ΧռΪһ壬ƿؿռ䣬һֻؾǿ߶ܹңĵطռױֱӸġΪˣռ䷨ãԵЩˡ
ռ䷨ʱ䷨֮򣬻ˡҲΪˣҶźȥʩչַ
ַļ
ǰҶôõģڣˡ
ַߣûѧã
оռ䷨ʱҶ϶Ϊ϶Կռ裬ߡ
ܣ
϶Ҫ붮ռ䣬ֻܸܣǾռ֮УϸĸܣһУȻƿһУһСҪǣôƿôõ˵Ӧòѡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻڵأʼ
ռ䣬޴ڣΪǶǻڿռ֮СȻһ˵ʵﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬾ռ飬Ҳǲġ
ҪľôΧЩռ䣡
һȥʮҶͻȻ۾սһӡ
ɲǼ䣬ʮܣ
֮ǰȻҶȴһϲ
ΪһΣ֮ǰõʱһЩʮ֮һʱ䣡
ʮ֮һСֻʮ֮һѾΪֲˣ
ⲻص㣬ص֣ڸΧĿռ֮ӽʱΧĿռ䣬Щռ䣬ԳΪĽٸһЩ
֮⣬һ㣬Ǿİ֮ռ䷨򣬻֮ȫԽһʩչ
İܹ֪֮֮ڱʵľǴռ䣬ڴռһ˲ʩչռ䷨ģʩչռ䷨򣬻ʩչ֮
ȻҪַһ˲һʩչѶȵġ


һ죬飬ڶ죬飬ʮ飬º󡭡
һ㣬Ҷվһʯ֮ϣ˫΢գֽ
һӺҶͻȻ۾ǧ⣬һŴͻȻм˿ת˲䣬ǿήһƬĩ
ҶɨһԶƬ֡
͡
ԶƬֵĴȫм˿Ѵ⻬羵
ת˲ȫήɷĩ
Ҷʼԭأһδ
ãҶ΢΢ͷһַں϶ɣ쵽£ͽСɲһɡɲǼ䣬ֻҵĽɲһһɲǼ䣡


1699 ½һ죡
ɲһ
ʵղҶûжǣٶ̫̫ˡ۵һ̣ʵѾǧˡǣΪٶ̫̫죬ԣֻصԭʱõ˿ûжһ㣡
ٶȣ
һûлĶֻ㣬Ǿٶ
ûÿռ䷨ȥıռŨռʲôģͼ򵥵ÿռ䷨ٶȡıռ乹죬ÿռʲôռݣЩʵûʲôá
Ϊǿ߶ռ䣬ֿռرر̵ĵطֵطÿռЩʲôڿռĵطտռûʲôá
ռͣǿռ䱾оԣͺñһͣô죬ҲǲһĽ
ԣֻȥÿռŵ㡣
֮Ҳһ
ٶȣ
һԼٶȣٶȴﵽһ̶ȺǿԲģٶȹڼ˫ּӵһõһٶȻǱΪĿֲ
˵ȻûдﵽǣһѾȫԽﵽ澳ĵز
ˮֵ澳澳
һܴ⣡
ǣһܴȱ㣬Ҳ˵ȱ㣬ֻ˵һȱݣǾ
ղʩչһѾȫĹ⣡
һζʣ
ǿĻڹվûУ
ҶûоᣬΪͬʱʩչַּ֮ϵӵһǶ϶Ƿǳġ
ҲõҶףľ̫ˡ
Ѿ׺νν棬ǣľȴɻֻؾȻΪûʱȥúԵʡ粻Ե޹ʾģ֮ǰУһֱûʱȥڣȥúˡ

ʱҶص˵ڣȻʼ
ڵһĳһ
ԭڵ˵ͻȻ۾ǰһϸСĻ棬
濴һû˵
ӡУԶޣƺûô
Ĭ
ֵ㵱һ߳ǸС磬ԲżȻû´Ϊ˴ȥİɡ
ɳĬ
ʧϽ粢ʲôܣû´С磬ĿľΪ˴ɣ
濴һ𣬡Σ
ĬƬ̣ȻҲ֪ΪλѡǣӦ˼ȻϿմǾʹԸԣҵ˼
֪ͨЩܣ
ǣ
Ϊβ֪ͨˣ
Ĭˡ
ʱͻȻСѾϵ˵ʵȫԲĴڡǣûг֡ͣһڱչأأڿСӣСԼԼȥϽ硣
˵⣬˶٣ֵǺߣȻûʲô⣬СȥͻšǰߣǰߣСȥ»ȫʬ
ǰߣһȥڱ¶дȷʵȫʬΪҪģ壬壬С
壡
ͻȻģ壬𣿡
Ĭ
ĬãȻ䵣ЩСӾɳʵˣȻˡ
أҲţΪ˵νʲôԼңѹ𣿡
û˵
Ϊ֮ɣ
䣬ʧԭء
ԭأĬãȻ˫ۻ˯
ڣҶ
ʱһһȥת¹ȥ
ĳһϣڵصҶͻȻ۾һ˲һͻȻϯܿ죬ƾӿڣ

Ҷ³һȻվ

µĿޣõڵ㹻ʩչɲһ
ʵ澳ԵģΪѾ׺ν桱ûȥ澳磬һȽϺãڳ澳ɹ϶Ҳǲȵġ
ϾڲŸյûϤȥ澳̫ˣºܴŻ
磬һζ죬ȴ
뵽ʲôҶһһС
̫֮ǰľᣬУ̫׵ĴС
žãҶ
Ҫ̫׵Ĵˣ
֪п϶ǿĽ̫׵Ľ򿪿϶ܹջСǣûд򿪿Ҳ򿪿
ΪԼĽԽԼĿ
ȥ̫׵·Ҳȥңӵ·ֻԼ·
ҶһԵϦϦҲӦ˵Ϧһֱ
ǰŮӣҶһᣬЩϦʫŮ϶ǹĵġ
Σ
ϦŮһֱĴΣ
ңߵ齣ΪԣңӵĽǿΪңӵĽ⣬Ĵ⡣ҶֽУϦŮȽҪ̫̫ࡣ
ҪǿΪ뱣Լںˣ˵ϦŮҪǿĶ
˵ңߵ齣ߵ뽣
飬ȻԼǣĽ⵽£Ҳǿ¡
飬ʹ˿ȻҶΪǿĶǣվǱˡͺñȣʱʱҲῼϦŮϦŮ
Ľǲġ
ǣҪҶն˿ϦŮǾġ
ûԼİˣ޵Ук壿
ٶ˵ûκ塣
ΪϦŮǣΪ˽ϦŮ
ԭأҶĬһ˲ȻߵϦǰϦüͷһǣȻңҷ½һ죡
䣬Ҷһʧԭء
ҶʧϦͻȻ۾ǰãȻá
Ҷûֱ뿪ΪСҪ档ҪҶȻܾ
ôÿ춼ԴˣС׵ǳĴ
С죬С˺Ҷ뿪˺
صʵʱʱסˡ
Уö˫۾˿һ˲˲ض


1700 ˣţ
֮ǰΪˣ̫׹һ䣬˿̣صʵִѾʮˡ
ʮˣÿ˶ֳֳ
ޣ
ЩˣǵڽɳǵЩޣ
ҶһЩޣȻתȥ֮ɽΪ˼̫̫׵ĴУ֮ǰڣ̫׵ĴûаȤ
ջ˱̫״иҪĶ
ţ
ʱһڳ
Ҷͣ½ŲתȥֻһۣԼʮꡣ
ûǴǱͨǸҶӵ
Ҷ
нĿⶼҶϣ֮ǰڽɳʱ˾ͼҶֻһʱû
ҶһӣȻ˵ͷң
΢΢һЦţǶҵЩûȤ
ţ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ҡҡͷҲš
Ц˵һ̡
Ҷ˵
Ҳ˾໥ġ
ӵˣ
Ҷ˵ͷǰɣ
ԣǷһĨЦݣô˵̫ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ҶĻɫʱЩ˷ˡЦݽˡ
ǽɵĴҲϣ𣿡ֵ
ԭΪ£
Ҷӵ˼Ҳ˳Щ޵˼ɨһˣȻɴУȷʵϡҲǵ˼ǽɸҵģ
Ȼ̳̫׵ĴУǣҲ㽫̫׵Ĵ͸ˡ
ҶĻɫʱкüĿǱĲˡ
ʱӵ֣е㲻˰ɣЩˣƬظΪľǼĴУڣȴҪԶʳĺܲ
Ҷӵһۣҡҡͷû˵תߡ
Ҷӣɫʱһֱ̣ʧԭء
ʧһ̣ҶͻȻͣת˲а
ӳҶǰǣü䣬һ
Ҷ
סӣУţΪûҶôֵģ
ڽ޶ûп
ֻʧȻüһ
ҶֱӣԼľԼģԼģͱȥǿף
䣬գҶȥ
ʱͻȻŭȵɴоϣһˣɱá
ʱͻȻȻֹת˲ԴһᣬӲϵ
Ѫ
㶺תͷһԵҶҶûͣ£ǰߡ
ˣУͻȻʡ
ûг֣ղһֱߣ˴
ܣ϶֣˵
ôֵģ
𣬴֮ͻȻ
Ҷ뿪˴֮ҽһ棬˻һ𣬲ܿ죬ҶͣΪǰһŮһӡ
ŮҶʶҶزף
ղһʲôҶز׳
ҶһˣȻҺû㣡
Ҷزü΢Ĭһ˲ֵʵȵǿܶܶ࣬ΪɴеԵʣ
Ҷҡҡͷǡһ£ˣ
̨Եȣ
ʱͻȻ֣Ҷ˲޶⣬֮ǰʩչһУҶ˴δǿĽǽޣӦҶ˵飡
ҶһˣȻ
Ҷزһۣһ̣ҶزͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰɲǼ䣬ֱӲͬλôҶü䣬󾱣Լλã

Ҷ˿λòʱͻȻ
ˣ
һȻѣת˲ǻޣǴδֹһ㡣
ҶɱԭģͺղŲֵһ㣡
һĻҶز׻ɫޱ
Ĭһ˲ҶزͻȻǰ̤һһǿĽͻȻϯɽ纣Хһ㳯Ҷѹȥ֮ռ䶼Ϊ֮ŤΣޱȣ
澳⣡
ʱҶ΢΢һ
Ҷֶһ̣Ҷǰǹǿ澳˲ʧӰ١
Ҷزס
ˣ
ʱһ쳹𣬵ȴûн⡣
ʱҶز˫۶ʱԲš
ҶĽ쵽˳ǳԶ
ҪǣҶղһûʩչʲôûý⣬ôһͰ澳ˣ
ĬãҶز׳ΪһԿ쵽̶ֳȣǿ̶ֳȣ
Ҷ֪𣿡
Ҷز׵˵ͷʲô
Ҷ΢ƣҪһˣǣأе㵨СԣҼһȥǸԸһȥ𣿡
ȥң
ƤһǵȻ֪ҶζʲôҶҪȥ𰡣
˳Ĭˡ
ȻеţӰϵǿߣǣֹǰǾǲġҶȥңǾųɾȥ޻صģ
ʱҶͻȻЦҲǿλ
˵꣬Ҷתߡ
ңһҪȥģǣһ֮ȥԿҡȻʵõ˴ǣҿһ壬ңҼʵĪ⣬ڣҲûսʤԷ
οΪң϶ǻصƵġ
óȻȥֻԼݽȥ
ԣ־֣Ȼûа֣Ҳȥ˸ŻȥҲܾ
ҶزȻ˵ʵǾԿԶԿ澳ģҪ֪˵Ľɶ澳
˶ԥȻȥ˸ȥ
а֣Ȼãû֣Ҳ壡
Ҷߵĺܹϡ
ʱԶҶزͻȻҸȥ
Ҷͣ½ŲתҶزףȷ
Ҷز׵˵ͷȷ
Ҷ΢΢ͷá˵ţ
΢΢Ȼҡҡͷ֣ǸΪˣܲ͵ҵ֮ȥ
ң
˴֮һң
Ҷ˵ͷ⣡
ҶҶزףָһһҶزǰǽɵĴУ͸㣡
Ҷز׿һԼǿᣬȻҶһѧģ
ҶҡҡͷûпžᣬΪԼ·ǽԴҲרѧҲһ仰Ҫһζȥģ±ˣȻѧϰǷǳҪģǣһҪԼĶ
Ҷز׳ĬãȻܽˡ˵ţɨһۣģɫޱ
ãҶز̧ͷҶ֮ǰ˵Ļˣûп⽣ɵĴС
ΪΣҶ
Ҷز׵Ϊ㿴ĻͲˡ˵⣬˶٣ֵ⴫УǿǳǿҪ
Ҷ΢΢һЦû˵
ʱҶԶĿռͻȻ΢΢һţһŮӳҶǰҶʶˮ
Ҷüͷ΢壬˵ʱˮؼյ鱨ѾǰϵҪץϵӡ
ԣҶɫ˲
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻһȻˣţ


1701 үүҴˣ
ţ
ҶĻƤһ
ҶˣҶȻҪţ
Ҷ˵Ǿ仰ʱ˾Ѿʧԭأܿ죬ֳˮǰȻֱץסˮļһ̣ˮһʧԭء
ԭأֻʣҶزס
ҶҪҶȥңͻȻ
Ҷز׿һ𣬡ˣܲȥ𣿡
΢΢ȻҶˡֱԣҲô򵥵ģ
Ҷز׵ô
Ҷϵǧ棬˴ҳÿһңԼĵ벻˵ĵƣЩƣ޷ġ
Ҷز׵Ҷôܴӳ
һҶزף³˼⣬Ӧû֪Ҷݲһ㰡
Ҷزû˵
ҶزֵҶܹӳĵһһγҵԤϣңҲûٻǿߡУ֮ǰ˵ģÿһ壬вܼ˵ĵƣ֪ΪܼΪЩֻڼ֮ʲܳ֡
Ҷز׵ңҶȥңȥ𣿡
˵ͷҿˣˣ޷ҵֿ
Ҷز΢΢һЦһҶûӲ£
˵꣬Ҷزתߡ
ʲô˼ͻȻ
Ҷزͣ½ŲȻұ£ηηţңǿǳǿǣҲ¡ȥˣ򲻹Ӿǡ¾ȥȥ
˵⣬˶٣ֵղҶ˵ÿ˶Ҫ߳Լ·ڣе˼ˡңҳɾ㣬Ҳ㡣
˵꣬һֱӻһʧʡ
ԭأĬ

֮⣬Ҷˮһ·С
ãҶͣȻԵˮ˵Ѿǰϵ֪ȥ˵٣
ˮĬãȻ֪Ҳ֪㲻ֱӻϵ
Ҷҡҡͷսϵ
һʼֱӻϵǣı⡣ϵͽԶıңսϵϵ̫Сܲģս
ԣսֻϵ
ˮǸˣҶ˼Ĭһ˲Ȼ֪ʲôˣҲ֪Щ˵٣ǣ֪
ҶˮãȻҵģ
ˮһҶô֪
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ˵˵ؼҵĿģ
ˮĬãȻ֪ôʣԣһشܸؼʲô
ҶĬ
ܸؼʲôʲôܸ
ˮ˵ҲǸֱӵˣϲġ㣬ؼ˵ֻһС£Ŀģϣؼ顣飬պǲҲԣҲԡ
ҶĬãȻ飬Ҽš
ˮ΢΢ͷȻָһһҶǰȥϵǿߣ𶪣µĶЩȥϵǿߵ٣ؼҶᴫϡ
Ҷһ۾ᣬȻлˣ
˵꣬Ҷתһʧ˳С
ʱˮæȥ澳
ҿԴʮ
һңԶʴ
Ҷ
ʮ
ԭأˮסˡ

һƬããǿ֮Уһһǿ֮д
شһССġ֡
ˣҵأ
ܿ죬ؾҪϵǧķΧˡʱͻȻͣΪǰһӡ
Ҷ
Ҷ
Ҷ
Ҷ˵ûȻ֡
Ҷ̤ջȥǰ֪һ¡ȥҼ취˭ģ
ЦһҶû´һڰ㣬Ҳ²£Ӯңңؼң
Ҷͣ½Ų֪ң
ЦҳͽЩô᲻أȻһҲô
ͽ
ҶЦЦҶҵͽ˵⻰ôôأҲϲվڵµƸߵ㣬ȻеһеĲöƵ˵ͷϡ
˵⣬ҶҡҡͷȻ㲻شҵ⣬Ǿȥɡ
䣬ҶҪ֣ʱҶΧĿռͻȻܿ죬ź۵߳Ҷܡ
澳

Ҷ˫΢Уؼҳ
гͷ
ʱͻȻҶȻ֪˭ڰ㣬ǣ˵һ㲻ҪΪԷ㣬ǵ⣡
ҶɨһΧߣȻأ澳񲻹
΢΢һЦԿǻиõд
˵ţض΢΢һ񣬵λϣȻˣǣѾΪУţǲպұض֣֮ԣλϲҪ飡
ʱ֮Уһֳֺɫȵվ˳һҶȻҽ˴㸸ҿųġ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ˺ܾã
˴΢΢ͷĺܾˡ飬Һźǵڱչأ˱ضֹô㡣
ԣһԵɫʱЩÿˡ
ʱ˴ֵϧ˵ʲôѾˡΪԼĴԹޣԸձضᱨ塣
ҶЦұ𣿡
˴ҿԸһĻᡣֻҪ귢ģ壬ҽһǣ˿Աһ
һǣ
ҶЦԭΪҳ˼ˣһ̫档ϻǶ˵ˣսɣ
䣬ҶͻȻʧԭأʧһ̣˴ͻȻ֣˫ֳǰһУɲǼ䣬ҶΧĿռͻȻЩռ˲һСҶռС⣬һƬռڶƬռڶǧɴ
ʱͻȻЦҶĿռŨռŨ£λϵ˵ڵ㣬澳ҲӲ
ռ֮УҶɨһĿռսһ㣬ǿռ˿

ʱͻȻЦҶ㡭
˵⣬ͻȻɫ䣬һ̣ëܵΣõһԭء
ܿ죬˰ɿ⣬Ǹһͣһֱֻ۾ͻȻӼ
УȫҶҶԭأΧǿռȴǲˡ
Ҷ̤գصȥأҲǲˡҼŵΧɱҵЩ˵ԴǰȻ˵һپ䣺үүҴˡ£ҹȥˡô


1702 Ǿ
ҶĻ˴ɫ˲
ҼЩǿߵԴҶǰ

ȻǲܣҼԸ⣬Ҳͬ⡣ΪҼôҽΪǧЦ
ңҼҲôȥ
˵ҶֻһһĳţֳţҲ飡
˴ҶãȻ㵱Ҫƣ
ҶóһöС£Ȼһ£һֱڱңҲһֱҪɱҡֻûԸڣ˵⻰ȴ˺һֱ鷳һ
˴˵ʲôʱͻȻϻڻָ졭
˵⣬ɫٴһ䣬֮ǰһ㣬һ̣ɫͻȻĲҰѪɫת˲ٴһʧԭءٴγʱѾұ߰ɿ⣬ͣһֱֻ۱Ǵ
Ҷԭأ
У˴󾪡
ʵ֪ղҶֵģǣҶٶȿ쵽ǶûзӦĵز
Ŀ쵽˼£
Īˡ
սӵзǳΣʶĻղѾˡΪɲֱۣԴ
ǣ֣Ȼ޷ٸԭԼֱۣ
û취ٸԭֱֱۣ۶Ѵһڸʴţæֿǹ»˲佫嶼ʴɷĩ


Ȼ޷ֱӽһ澳ȴֹǿ޸塣ãǷǳģ˿̣û˫ۣսҪ۵ģ
ԶҶһأȻûɱ澳ǣԼһɲǻǷǳ⡣澳رûʲôˮֵ澳ʵǷǳֲģһܹɱδҲ̫ˡ
Ȼһɲǣ಻ĵطûϵԺƣ
Ҷջ˼óһö£壬һȵʱӿ˿ܿ죬Щȫգţ˿˿Ժ˳
һɲǣ̫ȻʩչһɲԼסãСڣСڣͲ̫Եʣ
Ҷ̧ͷԶأҶɫʱһ䣬Ȼֱһ˵ɿ⡣
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ȼôţһû֣
ԣɫޱѿһΣˣ
һ֣
ʱͻȻ˴
£ǿͻȻϯȻͬˮһ㳯Ҷѹȥ
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ʱ˴˳ˡ
ֻͻȻҶͷһƬգţֻβ͵׹£֮ռֱӱ
·ҶڱƸѹš
ֻҶͷϿղ໹ʮʱҶͻȻ΢΢һ
ֶһ̣ʮͻȻܣʮֺΧǿ˲䱻飬ʱֻѾҶͷɵλá
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ǲ
һڳ𣬽ţֹֻѿҶȴǱֵֻس·׹ȥ
澳ǿ֣ǺεȵĿֲ
ֻһˣƾҶǾԲģڣԷˣ˵һ𣬾澳Ҳסġ
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ͣ
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䣡
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Ҷ˽еĽһ֣ȻûǿǣȴԱ澳ǿӦ˵ǿ̫֣࣬еֲ
˾һ澳ǿߣ
ǵһӲ£
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻһ̳Ǽ򵥵һûмӳκν⣡
һ֮ռֽһ㣬ֱӱ˺ѿ
˵֣Ҷֻƣ
Ϊ˵̫ǿκμɶûʲôã
ԣֻѡƣ
һȭͷ֮ϣҶеĽһת˲ֻȭͷȻѣƬ俪Ҷسɣδͣһֻȭͷǰ
Ļᣡ
Ҷɫƽ΢΢һƽ̶
أ
һըҶǰֻȭͷȻѣҶٴα˰ɡ
֮ǰһ㣬Ҷͣһֻȭͷǰ
ҶƵ˴˵֣
ȻƵֻʱһĨѪҶǻ˳
ȻƵ˵֣ԼҲ˵ˡ
ǣ˴˵ɫȴޱȵأǳأ
ΪҶһ֮˵֡
һ֮
ûп
ǿǲصģΪЩġҶûУҶڣǿԼ


˴Ҷã˿̣Ǻڣĺڣޱȵĺڣ
ҶҳΪУ
˴߶ˣ
ڴ֮ǰҶȻǾȣϧǻûޱȺڵĵزΪҶ֮ǰʵǿģϸ˵ǿиɣ
ڣҶûпκһ֮Կ˶·磡

Ҷûìܡ
˴ͻȻҡҡͷȻͻȻ֣ҪûìܣǲܵġЩˣ㸸жԹǲҳɳġҵҪңұضѰ
ԶҶĨĨǵѪȻ˵ЩûƨˡңҪôûңҪôûҶ
£ҶͻȻˡ
Сģ
Ҷֶһ̣Զ˴ɫʱ䣬æ
ʱԶɫȻ䣬һʧԭأٴγʱѾɿ⣬ͣĶ֮һ͵
δͣ£˫۱Բˣ
£֪ʱҶصǰһصü䡣
Ҷתͷһ˴ˣȻһɱ澳Ǿ
£Ҷųһһ㴩صԴѪȪˮü仹Ժ


1703 Ҷ޳ܣ
ҶĽȻǹΪ֮
زǲ뷴ǣѾûΪҶĽʱԱ죡
ĿҶĽԴ
Դһ̣ҶͻȻһ䣬һС
ͣ
˴˵Ŀ֮УԴֱӴȥһѪ׷˳ȥ
һ˴ԴҶóһö£ȻԶ˴ˣûг֣Ϊδ׻ָʱһһ¡
˴ҶǸղŲǲȣǸȲ
ҶĽüһ̣˵ؾͱˡ
ʱҶͻȻأôû
˴š
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲǣսһս
սһս
Ƭһǿ֮һ
ڣҶȴ˵֮һս
Ըţ
ҶղǾ仰Ȼʱ䣬ǣҲĻȷʵһսǰ˴Ȼʵǣ˲
Զ˴˵ʱԵһͻȻʱ䣡
ԣ˴˫΢УһҶȻղ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦԲ֪ˣ
˴΢΢ͷȻҪԣ
䣬ͻȻǰ̤һţֳǰһ죬Ȼ͵һ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ˫֮µĿռͻȻЩռͬ˳һҶҪҶû
ּ䣬ռң
ԭأҶɫ䡣һ˲ҶͻȻҽ͵һ塣
䣡
ҶϵֱӽµĿռ飬ǣЩռѺǿռڶͻȻתһǿĽҶûȥҪҶ飡
ռڶһ̣Ҷһ㶣漴ҡҡͷ
ðɱ
澳У
Ҷǰ̤һת˲ռڶͻȻƽʱһͻȻǿռڶֶ֮
⣬˴ɫ΢΢һ䣬ֻƳǰһָ̽һ˲һǵĴ
ͣ
֣Ѫ
ǣֻ֣ڽ磡
ҶʱĸоԼĽһӲϣ
ˣ
˴ͻȻ𣬽ţƳǰһ
أ
Ҷ˴ɡ
˴ûڳ֣ҶãȻ˪ѾͷһʱҲ˸պðɡ
˪
Ҷһ˴ʵҪǿࡣ㲻һ澳ǿߣ
˴澳Ρղŵǣ澳Σң澳Σ
澳Σ
Ҷüͷ΢壬û뵽澳ȻΣҲ磬Щʱ򣬼𲻹ǲ֪һЩġ
Ҷ
ʱ˴ͻȻڸһλᣬֻҪԸ⽻ǣҿԱ֤Ҳڶ֣ΨһĻᣡŶԿң㸸£Ҳһ֮Կң
ǣ
ҶЦЦύ
Ȼᣡ
ǣ൱ڰԼڱϣʱȫҾֻҪԴż˲ŻԼǽңңΪжվҲȥѡ
һΣҶûѡϻ
һѾʧԭء
ٴγʱ˴ǰ
ֱֶָ˴ü䣡
ҶٶȻܿ죬ǣ˴ּǿߣǿԿٶȵġˣδ˴ü䣬˴ƱǵסҶĽ
˴Ҳûʩչʲô򵥵һƣǾ򵥵һƣȴǵסҶĽ
ʱҶͻȻɿ˽ţֻƣһ˽βˡ
ͣ
ֱӴ˴֮У˴Ӧ죬һֻ˲סҶĽʱҶͻȻŽһתڼҶսתһ̣˴ʱɿҶĽǳһ֡
ͣ
һСֱָӷ˳ȥ
ҶҪʤ׷ʱ˴Ѿڰɿ⣬˾롣
˴һԼָĬһ˲̧ͷԶҶû뵽ԡ桯Ȼ̶ֳȣá
˵⣬˴ͻȻȻֹΪһɭ亮üλã
죡
쵽£
˴ͫ΢΢һһޱΣյĸоһΣûȳ֣ıԴ΢΢һƫõҶĽǼ̹
ʱҶĽͻȻͣת˲һУռֱӱи
һΣ˴ӦҶĽʱƱǵסҶĽ
أ
һ˴ֱӱҶһɣҶҲԷسˣ˲ʮɺͻȻҽ͵һգһ̣˴üλóһ㺮⣡
֣
˴ɫٴһ䣬Ҷ̫ˣ쵽еԲˣ
ڽ˴üֻа粻λʱ˴˫ͻȻסҶĽסҶĽʱɫٴһ䣬Ϊ˫еĽ
֪Ҷ̺˴æɿ˫ֵ֣һ̣ҶеĽһ糯̶ȥ
⽣٣õ˴ͷƤЩ飡
쵽Բˣ
վһ澳ǿߣܿסԼһΣû֣һڹȵǰ
ҶĽʱȶʱһ֮еǿײõҶ˴ǳˡ
˴һˣɣҶȴֻ˲ʮɣ
֮˵ı˴̣ҪΪ˿ռ䷨ʱʩչ˿ռ䷨ÿռ谭жϴ󲿷Ҫ֪ǿÿռΪһģ
һУԼģ϶ġһʼûʲôãʵȻУǳǳá
һͣҶٴγ
Զ˴˻δͣһ㺮ǳü䣡
ˣ
Ҷд󾪣æ֡
гһĻ
Ϊ澳ε˴ȻΪҶѹŴ
ѹŴ
ΪҶٶ̫죬̫ǿˣ˴ֱӱѹơ˴Ҳûʩչʲôǿǲʩչǲң
ΪҶ̫죡
ʩչҪʱģҶĽȫûʩչ¾ʹ̴Դ
ԣʩչκ
ҲڣҶ֣Ҳû취ΪҶ֪ĳǰ
òս
ڳ˴ԼһӺ˴֧ͻȻһ֣
˴Ļԭս㶣Ȼͬʱʧԭء
ԶҶɨһ˴ˣȺŹ𣿡
ת˲ҶеĽͻȻľ
ľ

ǰ˴ɫ䣬֮ǰһ㣬˫͵سǰһϡ
û⣬ּסҶľ
Ȼת˲
ͣ
һ˫ֱӷ˳ȥ
һĻ߶ʱͣ˾ĿҶеľر˴Ǿ֮ɫ
Ĭһ˲˴ɫޱȵѿҶ޳ܣȻ
Ҷ


1704 Ҷ㻹̫ʴ
ò˵Ҷ˴Ļˣ

ûҶľǣ޳
ȷʵǣҲģ˿̣˼һľƣǾظˡ
ڶ˵ľѾûеǰҪǰľҲȥľ벻ģ
Զ˴ɫЩÿҶеļʱɫ͸Ӳÿˡ
ʵ˵Ǿ仰ʱѾ֪ԼʧˡҶ֮䣬ڹƽԣһҶһǾ绹Ҷߡ
£ҶﲻãǾĴˣ
ҶҲûڷϻҽһգռʱһˮһ㵴
ҶѾʧԭء
Ҷ֣˴ɫ˲䣬Сģ
µһ̣ҶѾһǰͬʱľüλá
д󺧣˿̣Ӳˣ
˻
ߴ˿е뷨Ҳôˡǧһ֮סҶľסľһ˲ľͻȻһת
ͣ
ֱӴһѪ˳ȥߵȴǱסˡΪƷɳһ̣˵ɿ⡣
ͬʱ˴Ҳԡ
˿̣˴˽סһţ
˲ڷֿˣ
˿ľҶκһ˶ӲҶĽӲ£һӣˣ
ԶҶľ˴˻ȥûгôȥߵеɢһ
Ҷûͷκ⾳ƣǣ˴ȴǸܵһȽҵѹ֡
ƣ
εƣ
ͺñ׻ʵۣĳǰоһĪѹѹϵѹϵѹ
˿̣˴˾ˣ
Ҷľţûг˴Ҳûг֡
Ҷ˴ǰʮɵλá
ʱ˴ͻȻߡ
䣬˴һֱʧԭء
˴ʧһ̣Ҷͣ˽Ų˴˵ͻȻȥ⡣
Ϊ˲ҳһ̿ʼѾѷ졣˶ľη֮ġκһˣûаսĽԣѡߡ
ߣǿж֣Ҫ
Ҷͷ˿еľܿ죬ľԶʧС
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷվԼĽ
ľܹϿͨĻս뻹Ҫһ𡣿ϧľȻΪС׵ԵʣӦÿ¸Ρǣȴһֻų
ʱһͻȻҶǰת˲һŮӳҶǰ
ŮδεĽ飡
Ҫˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ȥģ
Ĭһ˲ȻڵңѾûʲôˡߣҲô
Ҷҡҡͷ롣
ʵˣ
Ҷֱӽ飬˵һ
ԣ鿴Ҷʲô
Ҷսѣѣˡ
Ĭ
Ҷֵ飬϶õģҲҵĽУĵλ϶ʫһġ
΢΢ͷĬãѾܰʲôˡܹ㡣

Ȼָľ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ飬УһٱľҲȲ㡣˵ܹңȷʵǿǣҵĽֻݽһöѡңûĽֻˡ𣿡
У鲻ǽˡ
ҲΪһֱնνԵʣΪ뽣ûˡȻ뽣齻ǣ뷨罣鶮һ
֮䣬Ҫ̫ԣ
ʱҶֵ飬δ·һȥɺã
鿴ҶãȻ˵ͷãһߣ
䣬ֱӻҶС
ҶһеĽǷһĨЦݣһȥ
ʱҶüͷͻȻ΢ˮ͸Ǿǰܿ죬Ҷɫгɱ⣡
Ҳֹȥϵ˱ǿǰϵ
ĿĺȷϣܹļˣȻԴ
ȻɱҪܴĴۣǣȥԸˣҪʲôۡ
Ĭһ˲Ҷһʧԭء
ǿ֮УҶС
ڵٶǼģ澳ܱȵΪ˿ռ䷨֮аַ֮֮ȫٶȣõٶȿ쵽۸ĵز
ܿ죬ؼҸ·ߣҶ׷ǰϵǿߡ
һΣǰϵģǱˣȻػ䣡
Ҷʱ俴ҶãȻڰ㣡
Ҷһ䣬û뵽㣡
ˡκΣҵˣҵĵˡ
ҶĬһ˲Ȼְɣ
˵ͷã
䣬ͻȻʧԭأҶǰʱɲǼ䣬ǹӰֱӽҶû
ʱҶͻȻˡ
ɲǼ䣬ʮҶܣǹӰѾȫʧӰ١
ǹӰʧһ˲һǹǹҶüλá
Ҷɫ䣬Դ΢΢һƫõóǹͷͬʱеĽͻȻһС
أ
һʮɿ⣬丹һϸСĽɫԲܣ
俴һԼϵѺۣȻ̧ͷҶû뵽̶ʱ䣬ɳز
Ҷûзϻǰ̤һһ̤һѾλã
ɫ䣬û뵽ҶĽȻ쵽̶ֳȣȫԤϡӦڹؼʱ̣ǹסҶһ

һ̶˴ǹֱӱ˰ɿ⣬Ȼ仹δͣ
һΣ𺳵Ըӣ
Ҷٶȣ̫̫࣬ˣѾԲˣ
ȻɲԴУڽһ˲гǹ͵ش̳

һ̶Ľٴ˴ǹ˰ɿ⣬һΣûлڳˡ
ΪҶĽü䡣
ˣ
Ҷֱ䣬һգڿݼң飬δǹڣһ֮Ķ飬һʹռ棬Ҳ֣
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
ԭأ俴Ҷ˵ʲôͻȻ˫ԲǾ֮ɫܵĸоõҪԭأȻǳˡ
һֻͻȻ˳ֻУץһѪܵĶ
࣡
Ҷ㻹̫ʴˡҶеʧ
ʱһڳ


1705 ɱѪɺӣ
ԶҶͣ½Ųתȥ
֪ʱǰһŮӡŮźɫȹȹ֮ϣչĺɫˡֻɫЩҪ˶ɣ
ŮòҲѿֻеȡӵλãһֻƴĺɫצӣצӵצģպøλã
Ů֮Уࡣ
ҶĬһ˲Ȼ˭
Ů΢΢
أ
еʱըѿת˲໯ޡ
Ů˦˦֣Ȼ󣬵²𣿡
ҶĬΣȻ˪
Ůû˵ͻȻһӣɲǼ䣬Ѫܵͷ­ҶǰԶ
Ҷüͷ΢壬⡣
Ůӵȥϵˣˡ
Ҷ˪Ϊô
Ůӵ
ҶԸң
ǣŮӵ
Ҷһ㲻ףӱɱĶˡ˵ΪӣӦûʲô˰ɣ
ŮӵҲӣ
Ȼʱ˪
˪
һһţ
ΪΣҶ⡣
˪ЦȻΪѵ֪˵ʲôѵ˵պһŮУԣңŮӲǿЦ֮Ϊһ仰õŮ޳ͷ֮գֻܳΪƷ
뵱ҼҶ
˪ǷһĨҼ˲˪
ôĻǵҪҶ
˪˫ۻĬãͻȻĸڼֻ֮ңΪһЩ⣬޷ˣǸνĸ״乬ΪҪһк
˵⣬ͻȻҶ֪ĸ׵³𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
˪ɫͻȻɫһ̣λõֻɫצȻ΢΢䶯
˪ȢһŮˣȢǸŮ֮ĸ׾Զ乬Ҳ֮ûĸףҲûҡȢǸŮˣһֱĸжüҪŪǡ
˵⣬ɫԽˣĸΪ˱ңϧװɵǲϰ䣬ϣŮܹŹǡϧ̫ˡһϣŮ˸ĥˡҾһԿţ
˵Ҷ֣˪ɫָƽǳƽ·˵һ޹ص顣
˪ֵұҲҪģΪԣ˵⣬Ҷ֪ս𣿡
ŮˣҶ
˪ֱҶŮӣүĳһ죬ҽȫץһȻŮ빼ĸ׵Ҳץ˹Ҿ⿴ţôĥġҪҾôӾģ
Ҷһ˪ȻҲܣ
˪֪ʱԴȫѾŤˣ
㸸ҲɱˣҶ
Ҹף
˪ֱҶŮûôɣҷǵĵȻǶĸ׵ķǰֱǶ
Ҷ֪֮أ
˪ǷһĨЦݣ֪չֳҵϰ츳Ϊ֮𾪣ǲûйңҡʵң
ҶΪҪԭû˵
˪ֱҶĸǰ˵һ仰˵ŮΪʲôŮΪʲôֻܳΪƷԣҪҪϵŮӲĹء
ҶĬû˵
˪ͻȻҶ㲻ˣ⣬ΪҲˡ֮ԸЩΪֻкܹԿң
ҶĬһ˲Ȼû㣬һܹԸң
棡
˪ЦҶʵܹԿҵĻҸĳˡҵʵҵĵ̣֪
Ҷһʲôƣ
˪澳Σλ澳εϲ澳ĶΣ֮⣬һһ֧زӣ֧زӣֻϲ֪Ҳֻ˲ܹ֧زӣ͵Ķ澳ǿߣ
Ҷüͷô澳ǿߣ
ࣿ
˪ЦҶһ֪Ϊңܹϵǧôֻ꣬бʵȻһ澳˵繷ûֻҪܽˣҾ֮
澳εˣҶ

˪ǷһĨЦҵ߳ɰջɱ㸸ף˲ֹʮǧ
ǺˣҶ
˪Ժͻ֪ˡҲ㣬ǴˣܲΪҵĵˣȻҲǾԡ
ҶĬ
˪ֵҶ뱨ƿңǵĿģͻֻ֣ǲſܴﵽǸԵĿġȻһ棬ѱչصЩϲܣ
ҶãȻҪϵвңа취

ȻҪ
ң
ǲңǣҪܾúܾãҪﵽ澳֮󣬻߳ƿսۣҽս۱Լֱۡ£ſһ֮Կҡ
ôãҲôã
ԣѡ
˪ʵӹɵģң˪ҵλܸߣ֪֪顣
˪ûʲôرİ취ֻһǰ취İ취ǾɱɱȥϵǿߡɱҲ취Ϊֹ
Ҷ©֮㡣ϵϵ澳ǿȥǱߣ޵еĴڣ
뵣ģ
˪ҵκζҶָơ
Ҷһ˪Ȼôң㵽ʱƿңʱҲڵң𣿡
˪ʮ꣬һֵ۷塣ңҵ飬㲻ò̫ġҪǣٵ⡣ֻܸ鱨ܳ㡣
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵҪСĿݼӮң
ôҶ⡣
˪ЦЩΪɱ㣬ϧԸõһЩ棬Щ棬ӮݼҶģһЩеأһЩ磬ȷеҲ֮ҪСӮݼңҵĵʵһҪ
Ӯң
ݼң
Ҷһ֮£·򣡲Ӯݼң¾ǱҲпԸ
ܵ˵Σķ
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻЦ
Цʲô˪ʡ
ҶЦԼЦԼ̫ࡣùԺ¡˵Ӯһпݼң˴ȫɱңкξ壿ɱʹʹ죬ɱѪɺӣ


1706 ɱҶٷܶ꣡
ɱʹ죡
ԣҶθ֮ԡ
˻һͲûǰǺ»ݼӮҲҲͰˣҲ壬һɱ֮
Զ˪Ҷãһ˿ͣж͸ˡ˵ģı仯ЩȡԭȻҴɱɱǣУֵһᡣ
ΪΣҶ⡣
˪Ϊ㿿ĶⲿǸ㲻ʲô¡ûͷޣŮӣػ棬ľֱ۵İʮҾͿԻɱ㣡
ʮɱԼ
Ҷһ˪š
˪֮ǰȻҲ̫ӣ£ûдﵽ桯ĵز㡣㲻ֱһжӲ£
ҶĬ޷Ϊ˪ĲûдǿսֱľȷʵһжӲ£
ʱ˪ֵﲻǲãǣǿǿȻѾڵ㣬ٶﵽ˼£ﵽˡ桯ĵزڵ㣬ǿһ
ǿһ
ҶƤ΢΢һȻϵǧһ֮УǿĶ𣿡
˪˫ָĬãȻñ̬ſУǣǧԸ˵ģӰһǸһʱ㣬϶ͲĶ֡һЩˣЩмӰ콾ǵĿֲǳ󣡡
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵˣ죬ûǿֻиǿ
Ҷ˵ͷ㣬Ƿǳͬġ
ߴ½һ·ϣһ㣬ĸǿ󣬻֣ᷢǿĻкܶܶࡣ˪ԣûǿֻиǿ
ʱ˪üͻȻ΢΢һת˲Ҷϲ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
˪յϢַ׷ɱˡֻҪԴȥңͿԻ澳ױ澳ˣԻáţǸö˴ﵽ澳ﵽ澳ģҲԼ硣ڰ˴ҶϡƷ
Ҷʲôֵùϲģ
˪㲻Ҫɱʹҿ϶ɱ㣬ңĿ϶ʲôߡԣڵ㣬϶ܹɱʹ죡
Ҷ
˪Сĵ㣬ǿҪЩɱ㣬ĿģΪ˵ĵˣȻЩûжԹӦף磬棬͵жԹԴǳֵǮаʱǾͻҪԴ
Ҷ˵ͷף
˪ҹƣǻһĿģǾҹҹܵ׷ɱûʱȥҲմȾ˵ѪȻմȾҪ֪ÿɱһˣͻһ˵ѣˣп㱨ҵ˼𣿡
ҶЦЦȻУܺݰ
˪еݡ˵ţָһ̽һžҶǰϵʲôҲ֪ͨ㣬Ϊ֮
䣬תһʧԭء
ԭأҶĬãȻҪ뿪ʱͻȻתͷ˲ԶĿռ䣬
Ҷ£һĿռʱ䶯ܿ죬һ˳
Ҷӵ
ҶһӣǰһϸСġӮ֡
Ӯң
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ӮôˣҲӮΪ˴֮ףԷҪ㵽λãӦòʲô¡
΢΢ͷҽӮӮү֮һ֮ǰչزųͨ㣬ò˵Ǳ꣬ҷǳǳĶ
Ҷԣжˡ𣿡
Цҿôߵıɱ㣬϶ʲô֮ҼʶʶȻ
ʱȻֹΪһ֪ʱӺ
ҶҲ֪ʱӵǰ
Ҷֱ˫Բӣʶ𣿡
ӻشҶͻȻ齣
ͣ
һѪҶѾǧ⣬ת˲ҶʧС
ԭأ˫Բţü䣬Ѫڼ䣡

ΪҵԵʣõҶͻȻͬһϵǧӿ
ʱҶϵǧе˵졣ΪԴֵ̫ǮˡֵǮ˶ĶˣһЩϹＶ澳ǿ߶Ķˣ
֮ôĶҸı⣬һԭǾҶľ
Ҷ澳˿϶ͷͷϾ澳ƬжǿߡǣҶ澳ֻ
ңӰϲûҶ֣
£˶ʱĶˡ
ɱҶٷܶ꣡
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仰һҲţҸı̫꣬ˡЩǵľʵȫһʵķԾ
ǣ˿ʼѰҶˡ
е˻ǱȽϽģûеҶҡЩǱȽϴģΪǿҿôıɱҶҶ϶ʲôġ
ǣЩ˿ʼĴš
ϵǧ˿ʼѰҶˡһЩңȻʼҶ١
Ȼ󲿷ݶǼٵģǣҲġ
ⲻʱҶͱ˸Χ
ΧסҶӣͶʮңȫϢȻûʲôˮֵǿߡ
УһΪ׵óһͼͼϣҶĻ
ӿһҶȻֿһۻ񣬽ţǷһĨЦݣҶҵе࣬һ˲СĴۣãⶼֵõģϾ
ʱͻȻȻֹ
ת˲һ紵ԴʱԲϵ
ͷԱߵֱӴסˡ
ܿ죬һӿԶһδҶǲ֣
Ҷ˵ͷǣ
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䡣κɫʡ
ֻʣź۵ӡӣڲ
ҶǺӣ㿴𣿡
ʱͻȻͨһȥϣСǼΨһ֧һ
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1707 죬鲻ã
ҶЩ¡
Ϊû뵽ǰ˾Ȼģ
ת˲
Ҷ΢΢һɲǼ䣬ǹصӵԴֱӷ˳ȥ
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ҶɲʲôˣǰɱʱҶҲСˣңұ֤ûʵĻ˱ضһ
ɱߣҪбɱľ
ɱ֮ҶҪȥʱԶĿռͻȻܿ죬ʮǴռ˳
ʮˣ඼ǣֻؾҲУ
ʮ֮Уһ˳óһŻ񣬿˿ȻֿһҶܿ죬ϳЦˡ
ȻЦ½ûƭˣ鱨ġ
ٺ٣
ʱԵһЦĪ֣֮ǰ˵ˡҶͷ˱Ҫһ澳׵
ңҲҪһ澳һӵ
ҾͲҪˣҪһŹ
Ҫһ澳׵

У˿ҶʱĿǻȵģ·ǰĲҶ澳
ĪͻȻλĪ˽̱ɱҶ֮󣬱ﵽˣ䣬Σ
ã
˵˵ͷ
Ī֣ͻȻ뵽ʲôµ˭Ըͷ󣿡

һ̷˳һͷ󿳵ҶЦЦͷҪˣ
䣬ҽ͵һ棬˳Ҷȥ
ԶҶ˿
ʱͻȻ˹һĻ
̷ٶȺܿ죬գۼҶǰȻ۾ͻȻԲĪУ֮ɫ
ΪҶǰһûͷ­ʬ壡
תͷ̷֮ǰԭվλãһͷ­ǿͷ­ͣ
һ̣Īɫޱѿ
ԭ̷ڸһʱԴѾҶһնˡǣΪҶĽ̫죬ˣ̷ԼûоˣͳǰһĻ
˳ȥˣͷûˡ
УͻȻ
ĪҲûЦݣеֻأޱȵءһ̣֪ûô
ԶҶеĽĪȥ
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ƣҪκ֧šЩˣվ൱죡
ͺñһǿ֮Уããʱͻ֣ᷢԼǺС
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ڣҶѾԼơ
ҶĪɫһһ̣һĨǿҲֻһˣұ£һϣ
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ʱҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾȺ֮С
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Ϣʱ䣬оֻʣĪˣ˿ԴѾҡ
ں֮ڣ
Ҷ˵ǰЩĶں֮ڡЩˣ඼ЩˮֶĲˡЩֻؾ͸˵ˡ
ˣһ֣ЩҶһӲ¡
УĪ忪ʼˡ
һ̣֪ΪʲôỨôɱҶˡΪҶɱ
ʵ֮ǰѾ֪Ҷ϶ɱġǣҸıʵ̫ˡûеֿסջԣҶˡ
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ڼҶɱʱ֪Ҷľ澳ǿǰò
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ĪһȻҶ֪һǡ
ʱҶͻȻĪûתԶȥҶʧǿվͷʱԭصĪԴͻȻӲϵ
Уʮͷ­ʮʬǿ֮л׹䡣
ǿ֮УҶͻȻͣתͷԶĿռ䣬ʱһĿռͻȻܿ죬һ˳
ֱ֣Ҳ޶⣡æ
ҶһӣȻǺˣ
ӿһҶǼɵ֮ɫղҶɱ˵һĻǿ˵ġ
룬ȻԭҲɱģǣû뷨ˣ
Ҷң
ӵûи㣬ֻ㷢ҡھߣ
˵꣬ӲûߣǿҶҶǲӦѺҶġȻ棬ҲûаսҶһ
ҶãȻô֪ٵģ
ԣһɣȻʶҶǴӸղҶҪɱˣ϶ǲϻġ
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ɫһЩ½ң鱨ǶǴ½ġ
˴֮һ½ңҶ
ӵ˵ͷ٣ңеˡǣƺҲṩ٣ֹкܶṩ١
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½ļ壡
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻԶȥ
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ΪϵԵʣû·Ҳ޷ңǰ㣬ɱ˾Ϳңȥǣ޹ҡͬǣҡԣӱܣ
һӱܣ˾ͻԽôߣ
ΪǾ۸뷨鷳ĻԶϣ
ԣҪɱֹɱ
ɱ
ɱ˲鷳ɱη
ħɻ
ǰ½ҵ·ϣҶٴɱˣ˵Щ˶ûһв
ܿ죬ҶһƬǿͣǰԶһߵסȥ·
澳ǿߣ
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Ҷû˵Ҳû˵˶һ˲
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ͣһ̣ɫٴξ䣬һΣֱӱ˲Ұס
Ҷ֪ʱɵλãû˵óöº󣬼Զȥ
ԭأԭվһͻȻм˿һ˲䣬Ѫһأ

׿ϵ׿մ½
׿մ½½ҵ磬Ҳ½ҵܲ½ҵȨģ
׿ճǡ
ʱһͻȻ׿ճǳ⡣
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׿ճһ̣ߵǰȫ澳
Ȼ½Ѿ֪Ҫ
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Ҷֽߵȥ½ҵ鱨
ǣֱҶû˿η塣
Բ𣿡Ҷ
ԡҶ½ҲҰĵطϢʱ䣬ʧǰȻ
Ұ
Ҷҡҡͷ죬鲻ã¸꣬ҿ׿ճǲ°ɣ
£һӣת˲Ǻӽͼǰת˲䣬ãΧһƬǿգţĽͻȻңԶǿ׹


1708 ½Ҽģ
Ǻӽͼ
Ȼ澳׵ıǶҶ˵ûǷǳġ
ΪʵԣǺӽͼȻ澳׵ıǶ˵澳׵ıﻹáΪǺӽͼרŸõģ
ǿȡʩչ֮˵ʵ
ڣʵʩչǺӽͼܹǺӽͼ£
ҶĲٿ£ǿ֮еǺӽ罣鳯׿ճ׹䡣
Щٶȼ죬գۼѾ׿ճǵϿա
Щ½Щǿɫ˲û뵽ҶȻĸ½ſҰ
ЩǳҪʱͻȻһ󷨣
䣬һ޴ĻʣĻֱӽ׿ճǸ
ܿ죬ЩǳȫĻϡ
䡭
ʣһ׿ճǴ˿̿ʼ
ԶҶãȻһӣǺӽͼǺӽͼʧʵЩǳʱҲʧлָ
Ҷ֮ǺӽͼΪЩƲ׿ճǵ󷨡
Ҳ½ȻûǿôҲǰ˴֮һ׿ճΪ½ҵǣ⻤Ǵ϶ô׾ͱƵġ
Զ½Ϊ׵ͻȻҶǰɱ½ӣ½ұȥˣû뵽㾹Ȼ½ңȻˣǾͱ½Ҳˣ
䣬ͻȻǰ̤һţɫϸС֮Уת˲ɫֱӴһɺɫҶȥ
ԶҶɫƽ˿̣֪½ΪҪˡΪ½ӵԵʣ½ȥ壬Է
½ӱҶɱ½˵һ裬½Һпԭ
Ҷҡҡͷ΢΢һֶ
ͣ
ɫֱӱһΪܿ죬ɫ˲仯ޡ

ÿһ̺
ԶҶƵԼĺɫʱһҶʵҪǿࡣ
Ҷʵǻ֪һģΪҶ飬Щ˵ʲôܡȻ˿֣ʱҶյ鱨е㲻һ
ûϵΪ½ң½ҵĵ̣
һܷ첻ɣ
ˣΪ׵ҶȻˣǽͱˡãҸЩ꣬ϷҲͦĶģɱҪҪ
ʱҶͻȻתһֱӻһʧʡ
ˣ
ԭأҶȻӣ
ò˵Ҷߣе⧲
׷
Ϊ׵£Ҫȥ׷ʱԵһͻȻ½ǳϣթ
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½ǵЦһѵɡ
еƣǺֵ
½ǵֱ㿴ղûûù֣û´һΣʹ϶Ѿ˺֢ڵ϶޷ʹֱۡˣ£Ǿͱȥˡ
˵꣬½ûڷϻһֱʧʡ
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ҶУܿ죬ֱӳ׿ϵããǿ֮УʵٶȻԸģûнԼٶ£
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ܿ죬ҶͣͣϢ½ǵ˱ǽĲԶ
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ʱҶɫ䣬ҽͻȻ͵һ棬ʧԭء
ͣ
ʧԭأǣԭվλãƮһֱֻۡ
Ǻߵֱۣ
а
½˴˿֮ɫû뵽ҶһȻֱӽߵһֱֻ۸ȥˣرǺߣг𾪣ļɵ֮ɫ
ղһ̣Ӧ죬ϵľͲֱۣҪֳˣ
ÿĽ
˿̣½˿Ҷʱгأ
ԶҶҡҡͷһɲǣе㲻㣬ɱ澳澳ǿߵķӦ̫̫죬Ӧ˵ǶΣյı̫ǿ̫ǿˣԷǿڹؼʱ̶һ
㣡
ǵһ
һûеޣԸǿֻҪַ֮øһ¥һٶͿԸһ¥
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ƣԸԷѹԸԼƣ£µƣ
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УԽԽء
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˵꣬תʧԭء
ҶղųһʱѾףҶˣ½һõ鱨˵˿̵ҶѾھ־һ澳ǿ߸
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澳ǿһ㶼ƣ˽֣˭ƸʢȻռƣڣƣ
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Ҷһ̳
䣡
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Ƶ˵ƺҶͻȻʧԭءɲǼ䣬н
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ҶٶȻѾﵽһǳֲĳ̶ȣرٶȣüַ֮ں϶ɣٶȫԶ澳ǿߣ
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ͻȻǽȴûʧ
Ҷûڳ֣ǰԶѪܵͷ­ʣµ½Ҳã˷ֱյ˲̶ͬȵĽˣر½ǣһֱֻѾʧ
½Ȼ澳ǿߣǰҶƣ಻澳εǿߣ֮ǰ˴ˣ̫ࡣȻһ֮Կ澳εǿߣ
Ҷóöº󣬾Ҫ֣ʱ½ͻȻ
䣬תֱʧԭء
ʣµ澳ǿҲǽ
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ôˣ
ĬϢҶҡҡͷһ̣ʧԭء
ӺҶٴγ׿ճǳ⡣
Ҷֳֳ׿ճǻȥͬʱͻȻ׿ճ
½Ҽģ


1709 ҾҪ۸ˣ
½Ҽģ
Ҷ羪׿ճ쳹
һ̣׿ճ𾪣½Ҳ
½ƣ
ʱҶѾ׿ճ֮С
ʱһǿϢͻȻƼܿ죬ϢͻȻסҶ
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½ҼҶʡ
һĨΪ½Ҽͼ˵㣬ӣҲûʸ½Ҽ
Ҷλܴ½ң
ӵ½ػߣ½Ϸ磡Ҷ½ɱ½澳ǿߣգҾȡͷȻʬ׿ճǵĳ⣬֪½Ҳʲô˶ܹðģ
£ͻȻʶҶһ㡣
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ΧͻȻͬϯɲǼ䣬ΧǧڵĿռֱŤһУͬʱһͻȻ֮Ϯ
ռ
·Ҷǰ̤һһ̤ǰĿռͻȻ˺ѳһӣת˲ǹͻȻʧˡ
һĻ½Ϸɫʱѿ֮ǰ½һǿСҶΪȻҶǿҲǿȥ
ڣڼҶһʱ֪ʱҶһǿ
ʱҶͻȻ½Ϸȥ֪𣿡
½ϷֱҶʲô˼
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½ϷƤһʱҶͻȻЦţɱġ
ԣ½ϷɫʱЩѿˡҶˣ
ʱҶߵ½ϷǰɵλãͣȻʵġ

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ôҶģ
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½ϷҶɱ½ӣԭ½Ҳû𣬵ǣȴ½ɱ½澳ǿߣҶǾ½Һ۸
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½ϷǷһĨǾ۸
ʱɫͻȻ䣬һֱʧԭأȻʧԭأȴûиߡ⣬½ϷͣδͻȻ۾ԲУ뾪֮ɫ
Ҷԭء
У˲½Ϸ⸱飬Ǻܿ죬ˡ½Ϸü䣬ͻȻһϸСѪܿ죬Ѫвӿ̼䣬ͱһѪ
Уˣľ
ʱҶͻȻ½ϷǰȻҺ۸𣿡
½ϷҶģеɫʿʼɢһᣬκɫʡ
ɱ
ɱ
ΪҶ
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һ䲻⣬Ԥıˣ½Ϸ޷ֱӱɱ
һɱ½ϷҶɨһܣȻ½ң죬Ҷɱ˵ģġȻǲҽȻ뽲Ǿͽȭͷɣ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ½Ҷǰ˴ң½ſܿ϶٣Ҷţ½ҵſֻֽֽ̡Ҫʮµģǿһϣ

׿ճͻȻ
ҶȻҪս½ţ
֮ǰ϶˵ڣ˭˵˼е
Ȼ˼Ƚ϶˾Ѿ֣ҶĿĲǲҪս½ţΪ
Ҷѡս½ң½ʮµţ½û˳˵պǧ涼Ц½һŧ½һȥԸҶǾ͸ˡ
Ҫ֪Ҷ
һս½ȴһǿȥ˵½Һˣ
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Ǿ͸ˡ
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֮Ҷսõ½һѵĴ
׿ճٴξ
û˻Ӧ
ʱҶֵ½Ϊ˴ңһûаɣģɳǵ㵽ΪֹͺãҲɱǵģ˵ģģҪԵ·ˣ
Ե·ˣ
ҶĻ̲סֱ飬˿̣̲סԼЬҶ
أ
ҶȫҪ˰
ɱ½ôˣȻ˵ģҲ㽲Ļǲò˵ķʽر𰡣
ʵҶ뷨ܼ򵥣Ҫ۸½ңǿ϶ǲܵġ½һӵϣӻӡȻ۸½ңǾ۸½Сģ
ϵһ˵ñȫһϣСһ˵ûʲôѹˡ
ˣҲˣϾһ˼ȫ
һľ½ûзӦ
½СһȥҶ
½ȻһЩţǣЩţ˭ܵסҶĽûղҶ½ػ߶ɱˣ
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УҶҪ˵ʱһͻȻҶԶ
ӳʱһͻȻ𣺡½ƣȥ
½ƵӿһʣȻϣ½һ򲻹Ҷɳܣɳܵ½һͷڹһӦս
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½ƿҶҶ½ҵĶԹҲֻ㣬½һ㣬ǣ½ûث֣
䣬ֱʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰ
У֪ʱһǹֽճǹҶ͵ؾһ̣ǹ籼ףѸޱȡ̺ҲǿޱȣֱӽҶܵĿռѿ
Ҷɫ䣬ǱǹҶü໹ʮʱһͻȻǹϡ
ǹһת˲ҶĽֱӽǱǹ룬ת˲½Ƶü䴦
ܣ
һаܣ
½Ҷг𾪣ǿɬڳ֮ǰ֪ԼҶĶ֣Ȼû뵽ԼһжӲ£
һжӲ£
Ҷͬף
ʱҶͻȻսȻ̧ͷʣһ
ʣž
ʱҶֵ˵ˡ½һȫһϣ
ûлӦ
ҶɨһܣһĨɫôð˴֮һ½ңһ˶ûֵģ
ҶʵԶ½һֺα۸ˣһԣ½ͻȻ
۸
Ҷ½ƣ˵ûҾҪ۸ˣ
۸ˣ
ҶҪ۸ˣ½˵۸ҲҪ۸۸½ң˭Ǻ۸
½Ҫ˵ʲôʱҶͻȻֵˡҶֻһֻ֣һֵֻ½һȫ𣿡
һֻ֣


1710 һҶ
һֻ֣
ʵҶ仰еΪֻһֻ֣׽Լ֣սֵ֮廹ܲס
ʵˣûսֵ֮˵֣һɱаǧ˰ٵĵơ
ǵ򲻵ѵʱôģ
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˿Ҷ̫½һû˳Ӧս
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Ϊңȥû顣
ԣţ½Ҳƴ½ǲֵáʧ澳ǿ½кôȻûʲôô
ҸıںãҲ澳ǿģ
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ʱһƾճҶԶ
Žۣģֻʮ꣬ͷȴѩס
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ںˣôһţڱŪСֱܹĨɱҲͰˡƫƫûɱ
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ĬƬ̺½쿴Ҷ½ҵĿģ仰
Ҷ˵ͷҲϲڱңˡ½ûʲôޣҲû½ҵǵˣǣ½ҾҺ۸ڰظˣУǱǸˡԺҼ½˾ɱ
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أ
һը˸ԳˣҶ˽ʮɺÿռ䷨Լͣһ̣½ü䴦һ

½üͷ΢壬ȻҶĽе㾪ȡ⽣ٶ˵ȻвڽҪüʱָͻȻסҶĽ
ձסҶͻȻŽ͵ؾһ
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䣡
ȭһӴ˱ֱӳ˸ɿ⣬һ̣ͬʱʧԭء
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½ǿ߿ľսر֮ǰȥ׷ɱҶ½ǡ
˿ͷѾ亹û뵽ҶʵȻѾǿ̶ֳȣȻ½Ҽա֮ǰȻҪȥ׷ɱҶ
ҲңûѡҶģȻѾˡ
Զսڳ
Ҷ½죬˿˵ٶѾ쵽۲ɼ˴˿̵սѾȻ˵ʽвпٲ
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䣡
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Уе½ǿЩˡҶʤʣ½˵һСĴ
Ҫ֪½½Ҽ½ң½ҼȴһҪǴȥ½Ҷûӡ
ԶҶ½ӣĬһ˲ҶͻȻ½챧˱ȭл½飡·ָ㣬ջ࣬ڵŰݷáˣ
˵꣬Ҷһֱʧ֮С

ʱ½ͻȻ½ǰæ֪½ʤ֪ɱҶĻᡣ
½תͷ俴һ½ǣȥҲ㣡
½Ǳһ˵ʲô½ȴ̧ͷҶȥķһҶ
ղţûʤȻҲûаܡҶκβҲκβҶҶ֮ô˵Ȼӡ
ҶˣҶ˿ɾͶˡˣ½Ҷûӡ
ԭأ½ĬãͻȻɨһܣȻ˿½κ˲òμҶҵĶԹ˭Υնģ
䣬һʧԭء


1711 ̫õģ
Ҷȥ½ҵ飬ʲôܣܿϵǧ洫˿
½ʧ˼澳ȴû֮⣬Ҷ½սҲûд
Ȼ½ҷˡ
ⲻǴĵ飬ҹĵǣҶ½ҳֹˡ
ܿ죬˳½Ƭˡ
֮±·ҶͷֵǮǲģ֪Ҷ϶һˣҲġ˵ҶͷһᣬһľһǿߵĻᣡ
棬ʹͷԷ裡

Ҷû½ֱͣ뿪׿ϵ
ããǿ֮УҶһȫĵطȻԼ˺ڡ
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֮ǰ½Ҽ½һս˵ġҲ½ô࣬ľȻʤ˶Է
ѹƣ
ֵһ˵ǣ֮ǰ½ɱʵ˵ԷÿĻ½ԥôȻʵ֤½
½춯½ҵҪʲô¡ǣ½첻ô֮ǰǰ㣬½ҲỨôĴ
һΣ½ҵĽ棬Ӯˣ
֮ӮΪʵʵõ½Ҽɵ
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ʵҪģ
УҶڵأں޸£ʱϵ˱Ѿȫָ˻ָ״̬Ҳָ۷塣
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½սʶԶԶԤϣԷΣյǳԷķӦҲǼ죬Ӧ죬ܹÿεסĽһ
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㣡
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Ҷ޹СױҲ޹ˡ
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濴СãȻջĿ⣬ȥСңСףҲͦϲġ
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ԭأҶĬãȻԵСףȻ´βҿˣ𣿡
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еʱҶɫ˲
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˪ţҾȻ˵ֻҪϵˣܹҶҿҶ
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ĬãҶͻȻЦͷȥãã
䣬ҶǰľᣬһæˣҸȫµˣ˵ҶڽɳǣЩҪҶͷˣɳǣʱ򣡡
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һҶڽɳǵϢǧϯӵٶȼ죬̶̵ʱ䣬˱Ѿ֪ҶڽɳϢ
һʱ䣬ǿ߳ŽɳǸȥЩˣȥˣҶԴͱˡ
ɱҶٷܶ꣡
ǧʱеһ仰


1712 Ҷģ
ɳǣ
˿̣ɳɳΪϵǧĽ㡣
˸ɳǣ֮УɱҶģҲϷģ֮˿̵ĽɳǱκʱҪ֡
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Ȼ֣ӱܸǰ취
Ȼӱܲǰ취Ǿɰɣ
ҶҪ뽣ɳʱһͻȻſڣסҶ·
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£һӰϮ
ܿ죬һҶǰ˲ҶǰţһҶĲϣҶģ


1713 ٣ɱ٣
Ҷֱǰӣǰ
΢΢һ㶣漴Ҷ
Ҷ˵ͷ
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ͻȻЦȻֹ
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˿̵Ҷ˵ǧ˲֪˲ġ
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仰ԲǿЦģҿôḻı꣬ЩܹãǾͲٷܶʮ꣬ٷܶˡңǸҪҷڡ
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ʱһһȥܿ죬ʮ˳Զ
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һǿߣЩˣ͵Ҳ
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ΪǿкϷˡ
ԶҶ۾һߣȻЦǺǣ澳ǿ߶̲סջ𣿡
ߵ˵ͷȻûϷⱲӿܶ޷ڽˡû취Ȼ֪㲻һţǣϷǵԡ
Ҷûڵأվ澳ǿߣ⣬ҲҴ⡣
ʱû˵ͻȻǰ̤һһ̤ɲǼ䣬һɿֲͬ˳㳯Ҷѹȥ
֮ҶǰɵĿռ䶼Ϊ֮Ťˣǽ˾Ȼ̲סˡ
ʱǺͻȻɫ䣬һֱ̣ʧԭء
ͣ
Ȼʧԭأһֻȴû뿪
һֱֻ˺ԭվλá
⣬߸ͣɫٴδ䣬ţ彩Ӳ
Ĭһ˲ʧ㿴ҶΪɱ㣬Ҳȫ˵ġ
Ҷһߣʵ֤ˡ
䣬ԶԴһᣬ˵ϡ
ͣ
һѪͬȪһ߲Ӵӿ˳


1714 
ɱ澳
ǽϣѻȸ
ж֮ɫ֮ǰֿܶܣҶܣҶʤûҶ澳ǿ߶ɱ
澳ǿ߰
澳ǿ߶ɱ
ţ
Ҷɱ澳ڵأȻóö¡
ղţɲɱ
澳ǿߣһɱֻ˵ԷҲֻһҪܹɱԷ
Լѧں֮󣬸˵Ĵ򶷣ҲļˡʵҲɱУһо͹ˡܶ໪ĽĿģΪһɱУ
һ˲ʩչõҶ˲䱻ĸɸɾ
ʱɲԼûΪʱ˻ɱ
ʱԶͻȻһȺˣһȺˣϰ֮࣡
УֻؾУ
Щ˳ҶȥǽϵЩڿЩʱĿ֮г
һȺˣߵͲһһʱ֯ģȻ࣬˵ҶǰһȺ˿ں֮ڶ㡣
·Ҷڵأû۾
ܿ죬һٶҶԶͣ£ҶЩͷʱһٶɫʱ΢΢һ䣬Ȼû뵽Ҷɱôˣ
ʱһͷͻȻ˳ͷдָԶڵصҶЦֵǣҶֻҪɱǾͿԻҵıֻ꣡ҪɱǴҾͿԻ澳׵ĹԼɱǴٷܶ꣡
ɱɱ
ҶҶ
һʱ䣬һٶڳ
Ȼû֣ǽϵڿʱĿ֮жǴ
ˮ
ʱǽ֮ͻȻһţһͻȻԳǽ֮Ծܿ죬⻪һٶǰĿͶһɫȹŮϡ
ȹŮӿʱüʱ΢΢һĪΣôҲɱҶģ
ĪεɫͻȻһ䣬ɱҶģ
ȹŮӵ˵ͷôҲǣ
ĪһȻˮߣ̣
ʲô˼ȹŮüͷ
ĪߵȹŮǰȻޱңڸߣ̣
ҶĿ£ȹŮӲ֪ǣ֪ǰȺռоƣǣҶ˵һ˶ûã
ΪҶ˵ɱЩˣ϶һһͷ
ȹŮӿһĪΣȻҶ
Īˮ㲻֣һΣ𣿡
ȹŮֱĪΣ֪Ϊʲôϲ𣿡
Īαһ˵ʱȹŮֵΪηηţҲҲˮϲˣӢۡ㣬̫
ĪοЦЦȻ֪ЩҶ֪ǣˮһҵĺòãֻҪ뿪㱣֤Ҳ㣡ģ㣬òã
ȹŮһĨģûڶĪ˵ֻǿԶǹͷӣ֣֣
ͷӿһĪΣȻѡǶԵģô㣿
˵ţԶڵصҶȻЦֵǣı˵ʱ̵ˡɱ
䣬ȳ˹ȥ
ЩҲų˹ȥȹŮҲˡ
ȹŮԵĪһĨɫһ̣Ҳų˹ȥ
ʲôˣٶȼ죬գۼǽҶΧ
ֵһ˵ǹͷȻһʼǳǰ棬˿ʼʱٶͻȻˣǰģ˱ˡ
ǰҶǰʱҶͻȻ۾һ̣һֱüһת˲ֱӱмһΪ
һĻ̫ͻȻ˶ûعʱǱһü䣬ûκ⣬üһת˲һԴ˳ȥ
˻δع£оѾʮͷأ
һһͷ
ҶûʩչһɲǣЩˣֵʩչһɲǣǼ򵥵һһϢʮӡЩӵĽٶȼ죬澳ǿ첻̫вЩǾԵסģ
˻عʱѾжʮͷء
һ̣˺ˡ
ĺˣ
һ̣֪ԼҪɱǶôĿֲͲֿܹģһ̣ҲΪҪôĴɱҶˡ
ӣ
Уֻͷ
ǹͷȿʼӡȻʱҶһ̣ҶͻȻ˹ͷӵǰͷɫ䣬Ӧ죬д͵سҶһ
յҶͷʮֵλãǵͻȻأţһԹͷüһ
ͷ˫Բ֮ɫû뵽ԼҶһӲ¡
Ҷֱӹͷӣıˣȷʵ±Ͷ̥ͷҲǸıˡ
䣬Ҷһ
͡
ͷԴֱ׷˳ȥ
һɹͷӵԴҶûֹͣΪΧ˶ӡ
ûзŹЩˣ
ôŹЩˣ
Щ˿ɶɱģʣûʵЩ˻Ź𣿶ңţŹЩˣЩպлᣬ϶ɱģ
ԣ
ߣԵʴȣǾǶԼ̡
Уɱʼ
һʼЩ˾ĶԸҶҶȻ϶Ҳ޷ɱġȻЩ˶ʱۼģôģ
һһͷ
ʱҶͻȻѾǧֻȹŮӣҶĿ⣬ȹŮɫ˲ҰղѾˡҶ˭˭͵
ȻѾоϢ
һ۲ɼٶȳȹŮӵ
ȹŮ˫۱
ת˲
ͣ

ȻȹŮȴ۾Լû
תֻǰ֪ʱվһӣӣĪΣʱҶĽĪεü䡣
ȹŮӴסˡ
ĪǰҶĪϢȻԤıǸܿٶȣֻһͣǾȹŮʱԷֱӵ˹
ѪĪü£̼䣬Ѫ۾ȴûбϣǿҶңáҵġġԡ𣿡
ҶĪãȻԣ
ԣĪһ֣¶һЦݣǺܿ죬ЦݽӲסͬʱûɫʡ
գҶתȥ
һ˲ĪʬʱȥȴǱȹŮӸסˡ
ȹŮӴĿĪΣʧ㣬ΪʲôΪʲô
ʱԶҶͣĬһ˲ͻȻΪ㣬İ˶Ŀ־塣
䣬ҶڵأȻóö¡
ʱüͷͻȻһ壬ţ˪ľǰϵʱҶǶʱЦݣЩ
ͨ׷ɱı꣬屶
屶


1715 Ҫ棿㵽ף
屶
ʲô
ζţҸЩ꣬ҿ϶ôѪĴѪ
澳׵߹ִңǷǳϡеġر¾ҵ澳ǿ߶׻á
ڣҾȻһóʮöͨ׷ɱҶ
ʮö
Ѿ澳ǿ߶ˡҲҵĿģǽ屶ĿȻϣܹЩǿߣҡ
һЩǿҶ֣ҶӾͷǳѹˡ
֮£·
ԭأҶĬһ˲漴һĨЦݣҪ棿㵽ף
䣬˫ۻ
ֶһٶͷ
ԶȹŮͻȻĪεʬ壬ȻԶȥһᣬͻȻͣȻתҶʵ˵ǿΪβ֪֪˾ͲɱˣҲͲôˡ
ȹŮУһԹ֪Ҷʵ죬һٸҲǲġ
ҶۿһŮӣô˵һжඣ
ȹŮӳĬһ˲ȻӦ֪ʵ
Ҷڲ𣿡
֪ʵһҪɱˣȹŮӵ
ҶֱȹŮӣҪɱңȥɱǡǺϷģ𣿡
ȹŮӿҶãȻˣõġ
ʱһͻȻȹŮӵü䴦ҶֱȹŮӣܹһɱһ֤ҲǸʲôԣߴߴᡣɱ㣬Ϊ㻳еˣ㡣úøмɡ
˵꣬ҶתȥִϢڣҿ㣬ҾͰǺһ𣡡
ϢȹŮ뿪ˡ
ʵ֤ҶʲôϧˣȹŮӲȻɵҶӲ
ǽ£ҶһǽµǼٸͷĬ
Щǽǿʼ
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Һͺã
ЦˡҲͺãҲҡڵҵвޣһɳʱǰò
ԣǲɳġ
ԼҲҺͺãҶ飬һӶǣ
ѪծҪѪ
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ҹУһң£Ϊضһ㱡ɴ
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̧ͷȥ¹⣬ǧֻ⣬˼һһŮӡ
ŮӶΪᣬֻжʮ꣬пŮһ̣ǽ˵ɫˡ
ΪŮͻȻҶǰʮɴ
˶ûŮôҶǰģ
УҶ۾һŮӣܿ죬վ
ӴһҶȻҶ
Ҷ˵ͷǣ
ʱӿһҶЩͷȻɱģ
ҶһŮӣȻɱҵģ붯֣ұ˷ʱ䣻ɱҵģûžǡ
ӿҶãȻԵŮӣʦ㣬
ŮӵһҶȻ㡣
ӵ˵ͷǾɡ
ŮӵСĵ㡣
ЦЦڵ˰е㱾¾ͿʼſˡʵǸ֪Լǵ㱾ж񾮵֮ܣΪֻоô󡣡
˵⣬ͻȻҶȻ˵ľ㣡
ԶҶû˵ֱʧԭأʧԭصһ̣ɫһ䣬ΪһѾüλá
أ
ͻȻһըţӳɿ⣬Ҷվԭء
ԭأҶһӣü䴦һϸСĽɫСܣղһǱɫСܵסġ
ԶŮɫޱȵء
мһ־֪ûУҶղһõ֪Ǵ͹Ҷ
ʱҶͻȻŽȥ
ûӣҶԶˡȻ˿Ҳ
ʱɫٴδ䣬ͬʱüɫСͻȻһ貵Ľɫâ
䣡
һը˵Ŀ֮Уٴαǧɿ⡣
ȻҶţ·ղûгһ㡣
Ҷٶôô죡
Ҷͣ½Ųһӣ°
˵ʱһԵŮͻȻСģ
䣡
Ů£бһըţٴα˵ǧ⡣
˿̣üɫСѾơ
ӿɫСʱɫ˲
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̧ͷԶҶҶһ˲һͻȻü䡭
䣡
һٴγǧ⣬üɫСȴǺȻըѿƬɢڵء
ʱҶӣҶʱɫʱҰ
һΣʲôҶһ
飡
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţһ߳ҶԶ
澳ǿߣ
߶Ҷ˱ȭȻ٣ҳϣСһҵүС㣬һ٣ȫ֪顣˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵٸһ棬ĹСһ
ң
˴֮һң
ҶһߣȻֿһԶŮӣȻڵ˰е㱾¾ͿʼſˡʵǸ֪Լǵ㱾ж񾮵֮ܣΪֻоô󡣡
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
ԶɫޱȵѿΪҶ˵仰ղŵǾ仰
һĻ˵ģҶʵ˵ġ
ҶӣһɣȻл٣պлᣬ͡
˵꣬תŮӣԺڣǲڳң
䣬һӣֱʧԭء
УҶҪڵأʱͻȻԶԶ֪ʱһȹŮӡ
ŮŰȹ޳㷢磬ϣһŰɫ˿ˣò
䣬
ŮӻҶܿ죬ŮҶǰʮɴλá
ŮֱҶţ˳ҡ
Ҷ


1716 أ
ҶЩ¡
ΪȷԲʶǰŮˡ
ҶһŮӣȻǷ㶫
ŮֱҶ˲Ķ
Ҷüͷλܲܰ˵һ㣿
ľ
ŮӿҶľ㣡
ľ
Ҷ˫΢û뵽ŮӾȻҪľģľŮӵģ
Ĭһ˲Ҷľһá
Ůӵҵġ
Ҷҡҡͷտƾ
ŮӵԻ֪
ҶһŮӣ룬С׽˳СצУǱľڵСף潣ˣ콣צ
֮ŮӣΪҲ֪ľȻľѡŮӣҲоϧڣҪʹǲ϶ﻹ
ңţľǲѡŮӵġ
ЦľС׵ĹϵǿĺܣӦ˵ľСƴӣңкڣľȻľǲѡ뿪ģ
С׳ֺɨһܣȻգգۣţ˫צҶԼԴҶ°͡
һԣŮӱĿľϵģʱ̲סһȫѩСס
ҶС׵СԴȻƯǰľʱԶŮͻȻһӡܿ죬һͻȻڳ
һ̣ľͻȻƮŮӵǰš
С׿һĻ۾գѽգ
ʱŮӶľ촽˵ʲôľҲţŮӽ
һᣬľͻȻһת˲ɻصС׵ǰţʼС׽
һᣬСͻȻץסľȻ˻ţŭԶŮӣһҪƴӡ
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Сҵ˾ǣʼСצ߻軹ָԶİȹŮӡ
һᣬҶˡ
ľҪŮߣ
Ҷľû뵽ľȻҪŮߡ
ҶǰȹŮӣΪʲôߣ
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ʹҶ⡣
ȹŮӵ䣬ΪʹڣҪ
ʱСͻȻҶȻСצٻš
С׵˼ԣľ뿪
ҶС׵Դ˵ʱľͻȻһᣬС۾ͻȻһţҶȻСצӶš
һᣬҶü˵ǸһȥȻʹ͸㣿
ССԴ͵㣬Сס
Ҷԥ£Ȼȥˡҵ鶼û޷ȥĵط
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ҶҡҡͷȻСһ˵ţŮӣȻܼ𣿡
ŮӿһҶܺ棬ȻԸߡϵɱԣӦúųǡ
˸
Ҷʲô˸ҵ˸۷
Ůӵ޳ܵУûо
Ҷ
ʱŮͻȻһ
Ҷ⣬Ϊʲô
Ůӵҿûʸǰڣ
ҶһŮӣȻ˵ͷã
˵꣬СףС׷ǳ£ֱӱľ굽ȥˡ
Ҷֽɣ
ûд⣬ҲҴ⣬ΪоŮӵľϢңŮӸľйϵԷôǸ
Ů΢΢ͷȻǰ̤һܿ죬ְֻĽϡ
ŮֱҶһ̣촽أ
䣬ͻȻʡ
ͣ
ͻȻһ˺·𲼱һ㡣
ţ˵Ŀ֮УԶվԭصҶͻȻˣܿ죬Ҷ˵˽ɳǳǽϡ
أ
ɳǾһ
ͬʱҶŮӵǰһռѷ죬ռѷµƶˣǽصĿռ˺ѳһӣ
˿ҶҶǣһĨ۵죡
Ҷˣ
Угͷ
ʱҶĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷԶİȹŮӣҲһ
䡣
ԶȹŮüʱ΢һ̣ٴγʡ
䣡
ͻȻһը˵Ŀ֮УǰȹŮӳǧ⡣
ͻȻ
ȹŮӿҶãȻһʲô
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ɲǡ
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ȹŮ΢΢ȻһһϸСɫʯͷҶǰʱһ֣ʱУͻڵڡ
˵꣬ȹŮûڷϻתȥ
ҶһеɫʯͷȻʵԸǲȥʲôڵġΪСףԸȥˣʱ̫鷳ĻСľӾǡ
ڵʵҪӵĻʮ澳ס
ҶɨһܣȻ͵ţóöʯ£ʼָ
ղһ̫һɲȻǿҲǿҲССһڣȻվվߣ
ҹʧ
ܿ죬ʳһĨǰףֹһһҶϡ
һʵƽڰȹŮȥ󣬻ǽµġ
Щ˵ԴѾڽɳǳǽˡڰٸͷֱ߽һСɽ
Щ֮УҲЩڼЩͷ󣬹ѡתȥġ
Щˣߵĺܹϡ
ЩˣҶûȥ׷ɱԷǣЩֵˣû飬ȫնɱ
ҲΪˣʱҶǰĵض˺ɫ
ѪȾģ
ǽϣЩ˻ûߣǻڵȣɱҶˡ˵һǧѷĿϷᡣ
ǣϣɱҶҲϣɱˡ
Ϸ
ÿ˶У
ʱһһȥʱ֣ԶͻȻһţһӳ
ת˲ӳҶǰԶ
һϮ½ۣòֻжʮòһ㣬˿ȴһɴݲȵʡ
ˣȻȻɱҶ
ʱǽͻȻ˾


1717 Ӿɱˣҧң
˭
ǽϣʡ
ӰڶӮ
˵ӮӣӮҲӰڶĳš
Ӯң
ӮӮ
ǽ֮ϣ֮ɫû뵽ӮӶˡ


ȻǲҶʵǣ֮ǰҶչֳʵҶʵǷǳǿġӮҲǵ֮ԷӮӣӰŵڶ
ǽ֣Ǿ
УҶվ
ǽ˵ĻѾҲû뵽Ӯҵӻ
ǰӮһУ𣿡ӮͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵǣ
Ӯǰ̤һֱҶӮҵˣҲɱģ
ҶЦЦȻֱӮӾɱˣҧң
ԣӮһĨɭ亮âһ̣ʧԭأʧһ̣ҶҲʧԭء
䣡
˸һʧбһĺţ˵Ŀ֮УҶӮԳű˴˱ˣܿ죬Ҷ˵˽ɳǳǽ£Ӯ˵ǧ⣡
ӮУ֪ʱһ
Ӯһе֮ϣһۡĬһ˲̧ͷҶе㱾£ѹָôš
䣬ҽ͵һ档
أ
һ棬һ̣ɳǶо˲
洫ӮֱӳҶǰţеҶԴ͵ȥ
ûʩչκһҡ
Ȼһңȴ֮ҶΧռ䱻ǿѿ
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䣡
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жϣˣֱӱ
棡
ҶһӮӮҲ档ԷһûκλĶǰ϶Ӳһ
ԶӮһҶȻû뵽ҶȻܹɽһ
͹Ҷˣ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰţ͵سҶһ̡

ҶĽӮĶˣɲǼ䣬һ̶ըڳкȻ쳹
˱ԵسˣҶ˲ɱͣţֱӻһ⳯Ӯȥ
ʵһĻ˸ûпҶٶȣӮٶȣѾﵽ˼ޣˣ˸
ҶӮɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽Ҷôͻ룬һɲǼ䣬Ӱǰ
ʱ
䣡
ЩӰȻɢţӮѾǧɿ⣬ͣҶٴγǰܿ죬һֱü䣡
ӮһĨ˫е϶͵ؾһҡ
أ
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Ӯͫ΢ҶǸϢĻᰡ
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ûңΪңǲ̫ǿҶֱǿôƴԿĿ϶ԣֱõ
أ
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УӰǰЩˣɶ൱һĴڰ
ڣӮȻҶǰ֮ûУ
У˻ڼս
Ӯ˿ֻбķݡҶĽ̫̫ˣӮĻᶼûС
˽һӺͻȻ
ͻȻһţ˵Ŀ֮УһӰ˳ȥ
ӰӮҶ
ô£
˿ӮʱӮǰ֪ʱһͷ״ޡ
״绢ͷţǵļ񳤴̣βͣβнɣ޵岻ʮɶѣ
Ҷ˿Լ֣˿̣Ѿʧȥ֪Ĭһ˲̧ͷͷޣһĨ죬ʲô⣿

ͻȻֻ޶Ҷһŭ𣬽ţֱһԾҶ˹ȥ
ٶȼ죬ӮٶȻҪ죡
ҶһĨâת˲ҽ͵һ壬˻һ
ûѡҲ޷Ϊͷ޵ٶȷǳǳĿ죬ٶȿ죬ͻеˣ޷
䣡
ͻȻһըţ˵ĿУǽɳǳǽͻȻһ
˿ǳǽ£ʱҶǳǽµλãͷһ޴ӡ
ղţҶײġ
ýɳǼ̣ȻҶһײֱӽǳǽײ
ҶĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷԶͷޣͷ޺ǿ
ʱԶӮͻȻЦǿЦҶӮһޣ廢㾹ȻӲƴǿЦ
ҶӮԭӰڶֻɫ򲻹ͽа֣˰
ǽ֮ϣ˿ӮʱҲǴһ˿ġ򲻹Ȼа֣ǿɳܵģ
ӮɫЩѿܿ죬ɫָȻҶǰ㵥ġɱӮˣӮΪУգҪģ
˵꣬һӣʱԶ廢ֱӳҶ˹ȥҲֳҶ˹ȥ
ʲô޳ܲ޳ܣֻҪɱҶ˭˵޳ܣ
ʷԶʤдģ
֣
ԶҶǷһĨЦת˲һӣɲǼ䣬ǰţֱӳͷ廢˹ȥ
䣡
˵Ŀ֮Уͷ廢ײһת˲ͷ廢ֱӱ˳ȥ
ӮҲҶһǧɿ⣡
Զͷ廢սȻսһᣬͷ廢ͳױѹˡ
Ҷһ棬ʵ˲ٰ
Ҳڳɳ϶Ҳɳ
ʱԶͻȻץס廢βͣţֱ廢Ҷ˹
Ҷ۾һܣת˲ͷ廢ֱӽ˺С

ҶǷһĨЦݡ
ŪȥˣԶӮҶ
ҶһӮҪ֣ʱһͻȻӮǰ
壿ôˣӮߣ
ûйӮֱӿҶϢڽȻϷѣ
ҶеĽȥɡһ



1718 ɱûѣ
ӮЭ
ȻУ
ҶЩҵƢЩң߸ϰˡЭǾͻΪǣʱǻӵĵôߡ
ԣЭ
һЭ
ҶߣǷһĨЦݣ
Ҷɱ澳㲻֪ߵغˡ
䣬ǰ̤һҪ֣ʱɫͻȻһ䣬ת˲ֱʧԭء
ٴγʱѾɿ⣬Ȼͣûһɭ亮ǳϮ
ͫ΢ٴʧԭء
ͣ
ʧԭأһֱֻȴû뿪
ԶҶûڳ֣óöʯ£ȻߣһءղһɲǣȻûɱߡߵʵ澳Ρ
澳εǿߣѾԻɱֻ˶Է
Ҷ˫ۻԼʵҪǿ
һɲǻкܴĳɳռ䣬ҲҪǿһɲǣ
ԶӮ߿˿ԼԶֱֻۣȻ̧ͷҶһ̣Ҳûӣеֻء
ղӦ죬ԴܾѾˡ
죡
ǽѾкܴв
߿ҶãȻû뵽ʵﵽ̶ֳȣѹôšֻǣƾͿӮҶԿ
ҶЦЦȻӮҶԿͷҪһ㣬Ӯҵ鷳ġôֻӮҵɱңɱӮˣ
߿ҶҲЩֻ֪ҶӮߣ
ʱҶ̧еĽֱָߣԣ
һĨ壬ֳǰһ̽Ȼ͵һգɲǼ䣬һֻɵľ޴ȭͷͻȻǰֶȻҶ˹ȥ
Ǿ޴ȭͷֵһ̣ɫͻȻ䣬ת˲ֻ޴ȭͷȻѡ
ţ彩Ӳ
Ҷ֪ʱѾߵͬʱеĽ֪ʱľ
ľ
ҲҪ£ɵİտԻɱߡǣ̫˷ʱ䣬϶Ҳˣ
ʱǲ˵ġ
Ϊп϶ڴ⣬ˣЩ˿϶ڹ˼ʲôȻһӵϡ
ԣѡľ
ֵһ˵ǣӦľȥǸʲôܺľôųˡиôǣһ¿ʹľ
Ҷ˵Ҳһ£
У˶û״
ʱߵԴӲֱӵ
һĻ˴ľ
ˣ
Ӯҵһ澳ǿ߾ôˣ
һԵӮ֮ɫ澳ε۷ǿ߰
ڣˣ
ʱҶͻȻӮӮɫһ䣬һ˵ǧɿڡ
Ҷʱסô

ǽ֮ϣ̲סЦ
ӮɫޱѿʵղΪҶҪ֣ΪҶĳٶȷǳĿ죬ˣܵĳǧɣȻû뵽Ҷûг֣
ˣ
ʱҶȥӮҵˣҶӮңҲӮңӮǰҪҸϾɱǾ
ӮЦҶΪ˭ܹ
˵һ֣ͱˣҶͻȻӮĻ
Ӯһȴǲ˵ʲô亹һȻתʧԭء
ڼҶɱѾûеҶˡرǴʱҶ
ʵҶʱûɱΪղһѾҶڻָȫɡ
ϧӮ֪Ȼ֪ҲɱҶϾҶϿǻһġ
ӮߺҶڵأڡ
һɨʱסΪûз廢
ͷޣͻȻҶǰʡ
Ҷ˵ͷǼһȥˣ
ֱָָӵĶӣ棡
Ҷ
Ѿﵽ澳ʾʵ
ҶЦ˾ͳ˰ɣʲô¡
濴һҶȻ˵ͷԼСĵ㣬ҿ϶ưոݵģ
Ҷ֪
Сӣ·ܳңΪԣע·ߡңǿʼߵģں棡
˵꣬û˵תʧԭء
棡
Ҷһǲȥģôǰѹضɹ
ܿ죬ҶصʵС
˿̵ɲҷΪָʲôʱͻ˳͵Ϯ
óöʯºҶڵأȻʼָ
ڻߣΪɱ˻ԶԶ
Ҫ˲鷳Ψɱܶˣǳǳˣ
ɱֹɱ
Ҷɱ澳飬˵Ŀ£ԽɳģѸٳӶȥ
ڣҶ˱ˡ
Щûɱ澳ǲˡǣЩ˲ţɳɳǸ
ܹʹͷԷȣ
һЩǶԼţǿҶɱ澳϶Զﴫԣˡ
ÿһ̶ҶҶҲ߲ܣȫɱ
ɳǳµͷԽԽ࣬ڣѾǧͷҶǰһƬ棬֪ʱѾѪ죡
ѪȾģ
ʱһһȥ󣬽ɳǳǽ£Ѿһͷ
Щͷ֮УֻؾҲ澳һ١
ɳǵԽԽѹˡ
ҶҪɱʲôʱ
ǽɳǳǽ˵ʡ

ɳǳǽµͷѾɳĴѾȫѪ죬һɴ̱ǵѪζɳǡ
ֵһ˵ǣҶˣԽԽˡ
ͬʱҶڽɳ鲻֪ʱѾ˳ȥ
ȥ󣬱ĿһЩǽµͷ˼ʮͷ
ǽ£ҶڵأͲǰĵϡ
ʱһһȥڼ䣬˳˳⣬ǵҶǼͷ˶תߣЩǽ˽ɳǣȻվ˳ǽϡ
ҶҪɱˣ
ԼҪɱˣ
ҶҲʹԼ⣬ûд𰸡
̫͵ˡ͵Ǹ˾͸鷳ҪľǸߵҪ֪ʵҪһ㣬鷳͵ͷص׼
ʵ֤õġ
ΪڣԽԽ٣һ첻ᳬ
ʱһŮӳҶԶ
ԶڵصҶͻȻ۾ԶŮӣȻüͷ㡭


1719 ߣ
˲Ǳˣ˪
˿̣ȫһ֣˸ӡ
ôˣҶʡ
˪һҶЩͷȻɱôˣʲôо
о
Ҷʼ磬ûио
ݽ棡˵ľ˰ɣ˪
ҶҡҡͷɱҲԭģЩ֮ԻΪɱҡɱߣҪñɱ׼
أ˪ñɱ׼𣿡
ҶҡҡͷȻңҷϻİɣ
˪Ҫɱȥˡ
ΪʲôҶ⣬ҲŸɱ˳ְ
˪Ƥһǲɱˣ
ɱ񫣿
ԣҶסˡܿ죬ɫΪ֣ԼɱʱȻôһ˿У
Լѵɱˣ
Լе㲻˰
̫⣡
ʱ˪ɱﵽɱ˻ɱһĸоġ
Ҷ
ʱ˪ֵ˴㣬㣬ĿѾﵽǧ棬Ѿ˲֪Ҷ˿̣Ѿûʲô˸㡣ߴңҲϽԼĵѰ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷѹûʲôˣأʲô
˪Ĭ
ôҶ
˪ںܰ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
˪ûжǣû´λ棬϶һλҪˡ
澳εǿߣҶʡ
˪˵ͷ˲㣬Ҷңƾڵλ档ֻҪأʱҪɱǣͼ򵥵Ķˡ
򲻹λ棿Ҷʡ
˪һҶڸ꣬ҾͿԣڣϣұɣҲǣ
Ҷ׼ô죡
˪ô죿ȻǱǿ㣬һĿģǾ㣬ȥһط
Ҷʡ
һϹż
˪һ·ֵϹż
ϹżҶʡ
˪˵ͷһηֵģһλĹߵż
ߣ
ҶĬû´ǵӦҲǹߡĬһ˲˪˭ֵģ
˴ң
˪һֱ˴ҶѰҹߵż˴һֱڿٽһָ磬ʵĿģѰЩߵżЩǰ˴ҵĿģ
Ҷüȥ߱˵·
˪ҡҡͷ뷨áһ޾Щߣǰ棬ıǶ࣬ǵĴУԽǵԼԼȻԼһãͺñ㣬ܹ֮ڶ̶ʱڳɳزҲǻʲôɣ

Ҷ˵ͷң̫׵ĻĽƻǵʵҲ̶ֳȡ
ʱ˪ֵЩߵĴ⣬µı澳׵ıЩġң澳֮ϵı
澳֮ϵı
ò˵ҶЩĶˡȻڲǣʱ򣬲ʱ˭˭ɵӣ
澳ϵǿʱҲľ
˪ֵᣬǲܴԣȥ
Ҷ룬ȻҡҡͷҵһԸϵ
Էģ
˪ҵ˻ᰵ⣬ȥϵҵ˻ֻ֡Ҫλ治ɽҵ˾ͿԶԸǣ
Ҷһ˪ҵӦúܶ࣬ӦҲܴΪβֱӷˣ
˪ҡҡͷûλͬ⣬ɱҲûʲôáǣǲͬҼģ
ҪɱǣҶʡ
Ȼأ˪ʡ
Ҷһ˪Ȼ
˪û˵һӣһŵͼҶǰϹżĵص㣬󣬰˴һὫ俪Ȼð˴ҵӵܽС㣬ţı£ҪȥӦòʲô£
˵⣬˶٣ֵһȥϹżԼСĵ㡣
ΣգҶ˪ʡ
Ȼ
˪ǳΣգʱ֪ˡ˵꣬תʧԶ
˪ߺҶԭسĬ˺һᣬȻת˳С
ҶУǽɫʱһ䣬ЩڿҶʱǼɵ֮ɫҶŭνɱˡ
ڽ뽣ɳǺҶʧĿˡ
Ҷ̫¥
ĲУŮӵ٣̫ɳǲӭ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷһ뿪뿪֮ǰСæ
Ůӵ
ҶֱŮӣҾͲˣ
ŮӳĬãȻҪˣ𣿡
ҶٺһЦλֻҪСæѣģһСæ
Ůӵ˵
Ҷһ뿪ɳǣǣϣ֪뿪˽ɳǡ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣ΪڽɳǣˣҲŻй˼ɣȥϵ鷳Ȼһ֪ȥϹżҼпܻȥϵ鷳
ǲ˪˪Ӵ࣬оó˪Ǽ߰ģˣǲм˵ѵġǣϣ˪ϡ
ԣҪ֪Ҷڽɳǣ
УŮӳĬãȻԣ
ԣҶ籧˱ȭлˡ
˵꣬תߣʱŮͻȻôˣ
Ҷͣ½ŲȻô
ŮӵҰһæǲǵǷһ飿
Ҷ
գҶӦǷŮһ飬Ȼ뿪˽ɳǡ
ǿ֮УҶһȫĵطȻ˺ڡ


ɲһиûдﵽޣкܴĳɳռ䣬ھҪŬһɲǣ
ûнݾ
ҶÿǲϵĻӽһһһ飬ֱֱ۸оԼͣ£ʱŻúֱָۡ
Ҷÿڷһ¡
һÿǻӽϵĻӽ
£ڿһϢʮҽԵӶʮһ
һ֮ǰȴǿǣһϢʮζţĽ˲١
һµķٶ˲٣һջǾоԼķӦˡ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣡
ܵ˵һ£ջܴ
ûҶ˺ΪϹżʱ
ʱҶüͷͻȻһ壬Ȼ˺У˵ڶ㣬Ϊ
ҶʱҸܵ˵Ϣ
ߣ
Ҷ


1720 죬ǳ죡
ˣȻԭˣ
߳ˣ
Ҷеĵһ뷨
ʱûг
Ҷ⣬㲻˵ܵϢˣ
ǧϢˣˣҵˡ
Ϣ
Ҷüͷ΢壬˵ǧ
Ȼ
Сǧõ뿪Сǧ󣬱ǧ棬ȻǸʱ򻹲ǧ档߶ǧе뿪ˣе˿û뿪
˵˶٣ȻֵҸ˵ϢǧĶ˷ˡ

Ҷ㶣ѵ˪˵ǸϹżǸϹżǵµż
֪λ𣿡Ҷæʡ
֪
ǰǸô᲻֪Ҷ⡣
̫̫ˣ
ңҸʱǶδȫγɣԣǧ飬֪Ҳ١
˳ϢҵĶ𣿡Ҷ
ܣ
ϢղųˡǺܿûˡ
ҶĬãȻȲˡȥǸϹż
˵꣬תʧ˺ڡ
Ҷɨһܣת˲ʧԭء
ԽɳΪģϱ⣬һɽɽߴɣձ֣޷ò
ɽɽǰ˴ҷֵĹżҲҶ˴Ҫȥĵط
˴ҷֵĹżûж⹫ȻԶʳȻ㱻֪ˣ˴ֵ£˾Ҳǲҵģ
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ʱͻȻٴγ֣˵ͬɫĹֱӺǵĻ֮ϡ
䣡
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˼֣
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ʱʳһ⣬ţһӰ˰˵ĺ档
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Щǰ˴ҵĸүӡ
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Ҷ
֣˶롣
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˪˶֪ѵ׼ŮӼ̳м֮λʵҲǶ⡣ΪԼļ壬ŮӳΪ
ŮվҪ˵ģһˣǵʱǳΪ֮
ȻеСǣҲȥðա
Ȼ˪츳̫ǿʵ̫ǿǿҶеѹסˡҲƵĵط˪еģǲ˵һμضϧǣΪˣ˪Ҳ߲˲ɵڵìܣ
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˵ǱǶڱļ˵ȴһ¡
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УɫЩѿһǻߣȻӮҶѾˡˣ˵ӮѾϣӮȴûаʾе㲻Ӯҵķ񰡣
ӮһôԼŻҪӮҰæ֣
뵭ܲŻҵ£ͲӮҵˡ
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ӮҵĹϵʵôã˵ҶҲеϵΪӮ֮ԹϵôãΪҶɱӮҵӡ
ǸʱҶǧνǷͷʢӮݼҶݱܷâӲƴˣӮҵǿȻӮһֱû£ΪӮҵĳ裡
ԣӮǷǳϣҳģҲҶɱӮ˺Ӯûнбԭ
ʱҵվ˳λͲҪЩûˡһ£λ̽һ¡Ҷˣ˽羭ʴȻǿⶴеԭǺεȵǿ󡣡
˵⣬˶٣ֵԣҾã˴ЩϼһӦЩСһһȥ
û˼ˣ
ݼһϵⶴԭˣ϶һˣ㣬Ϸ޳ɡǣЩСһĿΪʲôɲΪȥᱦǶǡǸǽȥܶʲô
½ҵһϵ˵ͷ޳ɣǶǣġңҵȸŽȥʱҵҪ֣룬λ뿴ɣ
ԣ˽ǵͷʾ޳ɡ
ϼ˵ͷ޳ɣҲڶ˵ʲô˵һԡ
ʱӮɨһ۳Щˣסȥ֮ԸˣǱ˭ɱǶΪ㱨𣡡
һĵĹأΪҪǼпܻҴսҴս˭ܲ
Щ˵˵ͷҲϻһǶ֮С
˴ҵĳ˶ȥ󣬱֮УڰȥͻȻһЩˣЩѸٽǶ֮ڡ
˲ûֹ
ҲǲĵĹأ
˴ûаϾǳ⣬Ҫ˵ģȻŭ˵ûʲôôϾܹ֪Ϲżˣ϶ʲôһˣ
ʱһһȥڼ䣬͵͵Ƕ֮У˴ҵȻûֹ
ҶҲ˳ɽ֮С
սɽҶбСӣСģطе죬е㣬Ƿǳ졭
Ҷ


1721 аߣ
ҶͣȻһС
죿Ҷʡ
ʱܹ졣
ô˵Ҷ⡣
аϢ
аϢ˵ϸ㣡Ҷ
У޵ߣҲߣħߣаߡ⼸Уа죬רƫ棬Ϊˣǵٶȼ죬ǣҲҲֻвˣŻȥѡа
аߵģҶʡ
пܣ֮˵죬Ϊа߻Ѿ˵ġ
ΪΣҶʡ
ŭһаߣΪƫ棬Լٶʵˣǻ˵ʱ˵׷õõ߶׷ȥаȻаͨ˵ķõʵվ̻㣬ֻ꼻һ֡Щ˸⣬˻
ԣ߾аߣҶ
ǣ
Ǽа߻ѾɱˣҲһ֮ϵаߣȻû뵽ﻹаߵϢȻҪǣҸܵ˵Ϣ
ԣҶƤһܵ˵Ϣ
ζţǰ

ҶĬãȻȿɣ
˵꣬ɨһܡ
붴֮Ҷֱ֣Ǳж죬Ϊ˿ŷ̧֣ͷʱȻܹͷķǣζţɽǿյģ
ԭأҶĬһ󣬿ʼǰС
˿̣źۣȫ֣Ͻ䣬澳ǿ߶޷ݡҲ򲻵ѵʱ뱩¶Լ

һ·ǳİһ춼ûС
һ̶ȣе㲻ˡ
Ҷʱ̽䱸š

ʱһҽͻȻҶߴҶͣ½ŲǱ߿һۣûйȥջĿ⣬Ȼǰ
Ȼȥ£Ҳȥ£ԱŵĲŻȥԼ鷳
طȾҪ׼
һżʲôȫĵطҪˣܶʱ˲ΣյĶ
˽һӺҶüͷͻȻΪڼ䣬˲ʮҽЩҽ֮У޾ʹ࣬о֣
ⲻǱɱģ
ʱҶ̧ͷԶԶһ̶˿̶̣Ȼ䶯
ܿ죬Ҷע£һ߸ʬվ
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һըҶֱӱһȭ˰ɿ⣬ȻǸʬȴԭز
ʲô⣿
Ҷüͷû뵽߸ʬȻ˵Ĵһȭˣ
ʱҶɫһ䣬ͷԼִֻ֣˿Լٶȸʴš
Ҷһæתڵĺں޸£Ϣǻָ
Ҷ̧ͷǸʬжһ˿ء
ʱǸʬͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǰʱʬǸɿݵٴγҶ˹ȥ
䣡
һƣõҶΧĿռһ
ҶҴ⣬ٴһȭһΣû֣þԼ
ȭһӴ
䣡
ҶٴαʮɣǸʬҲʮɣ
һΣҶˡ
ⸯʬȻ˵ǿ
ҶǸʬȻǸģ˫ȴǺõģֻ˫۾塣
ʱǸʬͻȻһ
Ҷɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ҪʱһͻȻڳһٶȼ죬˲Ǹʬǰ
أ
ʴĳˣһˣʮɣȻʴǰһ鶼ûС
ҶߣԶ֪ʱһŮӡ
ŮʱҶʱסˡ
ΪŮʶǿݼҵĿ£
¿һҶǼΪʲôҸоϤ
Ҷ㶣ȻҡҡͷûУ
ɳƣкܴ
¿ҶãȻⸯʬһ㣬ǰܻи࣬һ֣Σ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷԣ
ã֣
£˻һ⳯Ǹʬȥ
ҶȻûпϷҲǸʬ˹ȥϾý£Ҫⸯʬеѡ
Ȼ˵Χ£Ǿ߸ʬȻ˿·磡
ҪԭⸯʬķҶȭͷǿµĽ޷ƿⸯʬķ
һ̣Ҷɫޱ
Ȼ˶û뵽ⸯʬȻǿ̶ֳȡ
һᣬҶ
ҲǿˣǲýŪⸯʬⸯʬķǿ˲֪٣ȥֻ˷ʱ䣬˷
Ҷԣµ˵ͷûڳһһ⳯Զȥ
ҶҲҽ͵һ棬һ֧ҵļԶȥ
ȻǾ߸ʬ׷ᡣģǿ¾Ҫ׷ˡ
ΪµٶȱҶҪ࣬Ҷٶȣ֮пռ䷨ӳֵģˣ㲻ٶҲһܹȵϵġ
±׷ϣҶԥ£ȻͷǾ߸ʬ˹ȥ
ݼһìܣǸ¹ϵ飬ġ
Ҷٶȼ죬˲Ǿ߸ʬǰȻһȭ
䣡
ȭǾ߸ʬֱӱʮɿ⣬Ҳس˺üʮɣˣƻơ
Զ¿һҶȻû°ɣ
ҶҡҡͷȻԶǸʬ֪ʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷ֪ӦԶʱڵ˵⣬Ҷô죿
ҶŤŤӣȻô죬ȻܲǾֻܴˡ
˵ʱǸʬѾ˵ǰæҶٴһȭ
䣡
أ
Ǹʬֱӱ˰ɿ⣬ȴһ¶ûУͬʱеʢˡ
¿һҶ֣˿̣ҶѾѪɫֱѺѪɡ
Ĭһ˲һһҶǰýɣ
ǰĽҶ㶣ȻҡҡͷǸңҲý
ҪýͿˡµ
Ҷ룬ȻҪ˵
ʱ˲ԶĵͻȻ䶯ţҶµĿ֮Уʮ߸ʬӵ˳
ʮ߸ʬʱҶ㶣Ȼɫޱȵѿ̲ס˾֣Ҹɡ


1722 ж
еĸʬʮߣ
ʮߣ
ʱҶͷƤ̲סһ顣һ߸ʬǶеԲˣοʮߣ
ûȥΪʲôôฯʬΪǸûʱȥ롣
ӣ
ӣ
Ҷ´˿̵뷨Ҳġû˿ԥתӡ
ڿʮ߸ʬһ̣Ҷ֪ýܰƽˡΪÿһ߸ʬʵǷǳֲģľһɱһ
Ȼûô֧ڶʱӳôལ
ӣ
Ҷ´˿̶Լٶ˼£ȻµٶվޣȺʬҲԽԽۿ¾Ҫ׷ϣʱҶͻȻǰ
ҶҲ˼ʲôֱס˿µ֫һ̣ҽ͵һ棬洫һöڵԶȥ
΢΢һЩӦȴûзԡ
һ˺ҶٶһЩٶȻЩʬ졣ЩʬľԽԽԶ
Ⱥʬȴڽ׷ᣡ
ܵһĻɫԽѿˡ
㿴
ʱͻȻָԶ
Ҷ̧ͷȥǰԶһųǡųǣҶһϲٶȼӿ졣
ųԽԽҪųʱų֮ͻȻһ޴ĹĻǵĻһ貵Ĺ
Ҷɫ΢䣬ɿ˿£Ȼһȭ
䣡
ȻѣҶҲ˳ǽ֮¡
ʱһȺ˳˳ǽ֮ϡ
Ϊ׵һӲǱˣҶϤӮ
ӮһҶ£Ȼԭǿݼҵġ
¶Ӯ˱ȭȻӮ֣볷ȥ󷨣Ҷ˽ǣ
ȥ󷨣
ӮЦһǸܣ
üͷһ壬ΪΣ
ӮΪЩʬ
³Ӯ֣ЩʬʮϢŻϵڳȥ󷨣ȫüġ
Ӯ΢΢һЦݼӣһֱţݼصĺܣǶ֪ݼҾʲôصģһΣǿۣ
ԣɫʱ
һ̣βӮ˼ʵҲϵǧ棬ȻӮϵĵһңǣУݼһҲӮġ
ȻûԶԿڰʵ໥Ͼġ
ʵ׼ȷ˵˴ңڰﶼ໥Ͼ
ʱȺʬѾҶǧ⡣ȺʬٶȣϢͻǰ
»˵ʲôʱҶȴ˵˰֣Ȼ̧ͷӮСӣһ飬㳷󣡡
ԣӮɫʱһһĨɭɱ⣬˵һ飿
Ҷû˵סµȻһǳǽλãһ̣ɿ˿£ֻǳ֮ϡ
Ҷָǳ֮ʱһĹĻʱ˳ϣȻĻһ֣Ǳһ֮ʴ

ʴ£ǵĻԽԽãת˲ǳ֮ϵĹĻʧˡ
Ļʧһ̣ҶƱȭȻһȭ
䣡
źȻѣһ̣Ҷֱӽ˳С
ȻûзֵǣЩʬǽԶͣЩʬڿųʱе˼ɵܿ죬Ӯ˵ľĿ֮УЩʬȻ󻺻ȥһʧС
һĻʱǽϵӮһۣнǴһ˿⡣
ʱӮͻȻλҲˡⶴ֮УΣķֻ֣ſȥԣҽ飬ŽһΣ
ԣһۣȻ˵ͷ
ܹطˣʲôʵ˵ûʵôܸ
ڳʮ֣࣬Щʬɶԡ
Ӯ֣ǸһͻȻʡ
ҲӮ
ӮӮӣӰڶǿߣˣ䵱֮ĳΪ˵䡣
ӮɨһܣȻȲЩʬ˵
䣬һʧԭأҲæȥ
Ҷ½кҶ֣ǷǳİӦ˵ţ֮ǰӮȺ⣬ûпκˡ
ЩʬΪûиҶҲǲ⣬Ҳû룬˸ط
һƼ׵ĴУҶڵأҶóһöʯ˿µǰ¿һҶеʯȻҲ˵ʲôֱȥ
жҶͻȻЦ
¿һҶҪңղŲþңҾͻˡ
ҶЦЦȻɫˡݼҾ
ʲôµ
ҶǿݼңӦòǿİɣ
ҡҡͷҴҿݼһǿߣڳ澳Σˡ˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵû뵽ﾹȻôգ
Ҳû뵽Ҷ
طȷʵеֲЩʬ¾һ澳ǿ߶֮Ӳƴֲǣĸʬô࣡
ĸҵģʱͻȻʡ
Ҷջ˼һۿ£Ȼɢһ
ɢޣ
¿һҶҪ˵ʱҶȲ˵ЩˣϿ콫ָ
˵꣬óöʯ£Ȼ˫۱
ڼЩʬ֮ҶҲҶ֮ˡһʼ֮ǰãӦûʲôܹ˵ģϾԼʵЩĵġ
ڣ֪Լ뷨ĻԶˡ
ϾطҪСЩʬ⣬ҪСЩˡ
ʱ˱ȸʬ¡
ʱһһȥҶѾָĲ̧࣬ͷһǰĿ£ʱһ˲˲Ŀ
ôҶ
µǲʶ
Ҷҡҡͷ
üͷ΢壬ΪʲôҸоϤ
ĴҶ
˵ʱͻȻҶһۣһ̣ͬʱʧԭء
˴ɨһܣܿһȻڲ
ʱҹȻ¹ҫȻԵùޱȡ
ҶǵãȻж
ͬص˵ͷ
ʱɫͻȻһ䣬ܿ죬ͬʱڿն˿УʱǵͻȻһ˫˫֣Щ֣ȫѪɫģ


1723 Ҳȥ
Ѫɫ֣
֮УͻȻ˫Ѫɫ֡һĻҶ½ͷƤ̲סһ顣
أڲ
ЩַϻţҪӵһ㡣
ʲôҶü
ԵĿҡҡͷ֪
ھҲţЩҲԽԽٶȣµ˿϶Ҫġ
Ҷɨһ۵棬˿̲ŷ֣ϸ·Щ·˿ɢŵĹ⣬ܵ·ʱҪʧ
棬Χǽ϶·֮ǰûʾЩֳֺЩ·ʾ
Щ·Ҷˡ
ǿ϶ڷӡʲô
ô죿¿Ҷ
ô죿
Ҷ˷ۣȻӣȻ֪·ӡЩʲô϶ʲôƲ磬˵ЩʬҪֲ
µ˵ͷʾ޳Ҷ뷨
û˵תߡ
ܿ죬˳˳ǣҶվڿУɨһܣɫʱǿԿԶԶģȻ˿ֻ̣ܿǧڵĶǧ⣬һжģġ
һ̣е㲻ˡ
ҪһȺʬǾ͸ˣ
ʱԶͻȻԾʮˣ⼸ʮʱɫһΪȺӮȺˡ
ҶʱӮһ㶣漴ǷһĨЦԩ·խ
¿һӮû˵
Ӯ˵ʱɫһ䣬˽תͷ˳Уǳǽϣ֪ʱһȫѪӣ˿һ˲˲Ŀǣ
ӿţ˽ЩëȻ
ʱҶͻȻס˿µ֫¿һҶû˵ʲô
ͻȻЩˡ
û˶˿Ҳ׶
ߣ
ʱӮͻȻһӣţһԶӶȥ
ҶҲǱſһʧԭء
ҲǷ׷׳ԶӶȥ
ǧҶͷһۣһһΪ֣ǳǽϣʱѾվѪˣЩѪ˴˿һ˲˲ضǣ
ҶһЩѪˣȻٶȼӿ죬һᣬʧ˺ڰС
Ȼδ߶ãҶ±ͣɫޱȵѿ
ΪǰԶεһʬЩʬʮ֮࣡
ҶɨһܣΧ״ʱɫʱһΪ֣ЩڰУεһһʬҲ˵ΧǸʬ
ҲһĻ¿Ҷô죿
ô죿
ɱȥ
ҶҡҡͷΪ֪ǰжٸʬһǰ޾Ҫ군ôฯʬýġ
ֻطΪʲôôֲĶ
ҶüͷʵܲġЩҪǳȥ϶Ѫȷ磬ΪЩʬǿ󣬻ôࡣ
ôôֲ
ǳ߹ˣʱͻȻ
Ĭһ˲Ҷǻȥ
˵ֱ꣬סµ֫Ȼתߡ֣ǵΧûһʬȻЩʬҽӽǡ
ڵЩѪˡѪҲѪˣ
Ҫȥʡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻбİ취
Լһ˵Ļǿߵģ𣿡ͻȻ
Ҷһۿ£Ȼ˵ͷһˣЩʬס
Ϊʲôңʡ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷû˵ڿ£Ǻкøеģæȥ˿ݼңҲŪС졣СΪ˾С죬˽Խݼһ˳ԴˣվЩεġ
ʱû취ΪȷһľԾС졣ڼ£Էѣʵȡ
¿һҶҲû˵
ܿ죬Ҷ»ص֮ǰųǳǽ£ǽϣվѪˣžҹУ˶Ѫˣò˵ЩëȻġ
ʱЩѪĿʱ˵ϡ
Ѫ˲ûһ˲˲ضˡ
ǺʱͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷЩѪ˿ƺܳǣ˵ȻǺ¡Ȼ֪ЩѪ˵ʵӹɣЩ϶ʲôƲ磬˵ЩʬҪֲ
ʱҶ¿ԶԶʮ߸
Ϊ׵ˣӮ
ҶɨһӮˣ֣Ӯ˱֮ǰʮң˿̵ӮϽŲ̶ͬȵˡ˵϶ʬˡ
Ӯ俴һҶ£û˵ڴʱҲ»ҶìܡҪ֪ڵĴǼġ
ʱɫһ䣬Ϊǧ⣬ʬˣ
Щʬͣǧ⣬û߹ڼɵʲô
ô죿³ʡ
ȣ
Ҷ
µЩأ
ҶǾ͵ɣ
ôฯʬ϶ǴӮģڳЩѪˣЩѪ˾ǱȸʬҪֲġ
а
˭û˵˵ɫȴǼΪأǳǽϵЩѪˣЩʬǵвǾ޴ģʬǴӮѪǸûĶԸ
š
ʱһһȥֻʣһʱˡȻȴԽˡ
ǰڰ仰ɲǾЦ
˼尾ĵȴУͻȻ
֨
һſͻȻžҹɫһ䣬ȻתͷԶĳš
˵ע£ǳŻ˿
ţһźȹŮ˳
ȹŮӴԼʮ꣬òϢŮʱҶ޵ˡĺʶŮ֮УûĸŮӵòŮˣǲಮ٣
ҶŮӵò޵Ӯ˸ˣееĸǲȻЩ
ŮӻҶŮ̻عȻĽ䱸
ȻŮòޣǣڳ˶ʲôǲᱻ°Ƶġ
ܿ죬ŮͻȻҶ˵ǰţĿҶϡ
ŮӿԼҶʱһɲõĸо

Ů˵꣬תߡ
˶Ҷ
Ҷ㶣ȻҡҡͷҲȥ
Ůûͣ½ŲߣȴǴ˹ڹһӣʱʱǶˡ

Ҷɫһ䣬ȻæʵҸղǿЦģ
˵꣬һ̸Ůӡ
ˣ


1724 Ůӣ
ЩѪ˿ʱҶѡ˽ǡ
Ц
ЩѪǿסģ
ҶһᣬͻȻתͷĿ£ȻǺȹŮӣҿɲԴһȥ
ɣŮӵ
Ҷſ֣ûԥһҶ
ʱӮͻȻλҵȿһ𣿡
ȹŮͣ½ŲһӮˣȻתͷҶѣ
Ҷæҡͷ
ȹŮ΢΢ͷû˵תȥ
һĻӮɫޱȵĬһ˲ͻȻҶȻλ̨ҶǴڴҲһԵ֣αؽأ

ҶЦһȻתͷӮ֮ǰΪʲôǲȥ󷨷Ҷ˽ȥǸʱô˵һԵ֣
Ӯ˵ʱҶͻȻ˰֣ϻͱ˵ˡףǺˣݰݣ
˵꣬ҶתͷҲصĽ˳С
Ե±Թ飬ҶϲôңҾô㣡
ԭأӮɫޱȵѿ
һӺ󣬳ǽϵЩѪͻȻ·ӮˣһĻӮɫһ䡣
ӣ
Ӯû˿ԥתʧԭأЩҲһʧԭء
ʱǽϵЩѪһһѪâԾ˳ǽɲǼ䣬žĺӰ֮УһһѪ⡭
Ⱥħ裡
ʸպÿݴʱеľ

ҶźȹŮӽ˳к֣ܣѪˣЩѪ˶ڶ£ȴûΧ
ȻˣҶǰн䱸ţֻҪЩѪ˶֣϶
ʱɲɵҪʵ
õģǲ֣ʱǰĺȹŮͻȻ
ҶһۺȹŮӣȻЩʲô
ȵȾͻ֪ˣȹŮ˵ţŲӿˡ
ҶҲŲӿ졣
ܿ죬ȹŮӴҶһƾɵĹȻƾɣȴǺ£ܻ
ŮߵϷȻĿҶϣɱ⣬𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷȻɣ
Ů΢΢ҡͷϸܵһ˵ϢӦʶһˡ
˭Ҷʡ
ŮӳĬãȻһλֳַŵ۵ߣ
ߣ
Ҷɫһ䣬ʶ
ŮӿһҶȻʶ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵʶֻǣôʶ
ŮӳĬãȻǵķӡֲµġ
ʲôҶʡ
Ů΢΢ҡͷֻ·طаߣԾˡ
аߣҶаߣ
ŮӿҶЩʬЩѪˣаߣӦ˵Щ⣬һУʵаߣҲң
Ҷ
ʲôаߣҶԣʡ
ҶҡҡͷԺ͡˵ţȹŮӣȻ֪аƺѾˡ
֪Ļ࣡
Ůӵ˵ûаŭڶǣҪףСǧ棬ǧ档ңаô࣬ôı
˵⣬˶٣ֵ֮ôаߣΪҸס
㸸ףҶ⣬һλаߣ
Ůӵ˵ͷһλаߣڵЩа֮УʦүӹСǧЩܵ׷ɱǧ⽨Լ
ȻͽЩаҶʡ
ŮҡҡͷûУΪ˭аߵı׶ˣ󣬿ʼооаߵı׶ˣϣܹҵ취а߿ʵĺ֢оҵˡȻʼа
ҶһŮӣҿЩˣ񶼲
Ůӵ˵ͷܲһʼΪ˰ȫûʵǿ⣬ҲԼʱֹȻʵԾȴûг⡣Ȼʼͽ
ʲôҶ
ŮӳĬãȻʵķûǣһ㣬Ǿʣ֮ûг⣬Ϊ⣬Щʲˣһʼûʲô⣬ʱһãʵԽԽǿǿʼֺ֢ˡ
˵⣬˫۱ϧ֪ʱѾˡΪаߣԿʵõ˷׷Ǹʱܱߵļǵ˶ѾĹҪֹΨɱ⼸ǵˣſֹ⴫
Ҷûô
Ůӵ˵ͷܱЩǶɽڣȻ󷨷ӡĿǲЩ˳ȥΪǸʱѾǧ棬Щǳȥضᱻ¾ͬʱҲϣܹоҽЩˣϧȥȻûҵ취
㸸׻ڣҶʡ
ڣŮӵ
ԣҶƤһһλĹ߰
ʱŮֵϧѾǵʶǸס
ô˵Ҷ
ŮӵԼҲ⡣ʵаߣ൱ٳɣٳɵĶǲι̵ģպӹ̣Ȼǲι̵ģʱԽãԽ󡣡
Ҷ˵ͷ⣬ȷʵԽԽ׳⡣
ЩʬѪˣȻʵǣѾɥʧԼǣ׼ȷ˵Ѿ֮ܳΪˣ
ʱŮֵҸ׳ʼļˣʼɱˣûֹܹʱҺǵȻӡ
ûɱҶʡ˵֪꣬ʧԣæֵǸ
Ů΢΢ҡͷԣҸϣΪڻţܡǵ߲ǲɱɱˣ
ɱˣ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ɣʵ޷ɱ
ŮӿһҶȻֻһƷңһϾҪʧķԣֻܷӡҸڣҪˣ

ҶƤһŮ˵ĸҪǳǿ϶ǲˡ
棬й𣿡ŮͻȻʡ
ҶҡҡͷǶѾȥǧˡ
û𣿡
Ů˵һ䣬ȻҸǳڵǧ棬˭ֹ˭ֹЩʬѪˣǰЩֲ
Ҷʼ磬ֹ֪ˣ
ŮӳĬãȻҶֹģ
Ҷ̯̯֣߹ˡ
ʱŮͻȻҶǰȻֵ˵ҶǰֱҶǼԡ
ԣҶɫˡ


1725 
Ҷд󾪣û뵽ǰŮ˾Ȼ֪б
ҶźȹŮãȻô֪
ŮָָԼ۾ҿģ
ôģҶʡ
Ůӵۣܹܿ顣ʵ޷ɱǣڵǱܣܹܵǿ󣬷ǳǿ󣡡
ҶҡҡͷҲȥɱ㻹ñɣ
ŮӵһӡǶ
ҾܣҶ򲻹һܲ𣿡
ŮֱҶȥܶ˶
ҶҾ͹ܲˡҲܱˣֻҪܺԼԼ˾Ϳˡ
Ů˵ĸףʲôڣ߰һʱˣȻԷûеǿҲԲֿܹġ
ҪǣΪʲôҪȥɱԷ
磿
ȸûǣڴ֮ǰȫ粻֪жҪԴأ
ԣΰ飬ǽȥɣ
Ů΢΢ҡͷ̫Ѫ
ҶЦЦλʲôʲô£㸸׵ʵ϶Զңȥɱʮа˾ȥ޻ذԣ£㻹˰ɣ
Ů΢΢ͷǿֻǣҸǣ౦㲻Ҫ𣿡
ҶЦҪǣҪ
ŮӳĬãȻΣһСæһ
ʲôҶʡ
ŮһһѪɫУѪףǴϣѪҺΪһ壬Եֵ澳ǿߵĹֻҪһСæģ
Եֵ澳ǿߵĹ
ò˵ҶЩĶˡǣûʧȥǡ
ʲôæҶʡ
ȥһǣŮӵһҸĶҪȡߣȻǧ棬ܹ
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Ůӵ˵ͷֻ
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ŮӿһҶȻָһѪ׶ʱɵҶǰ
Ҷ㶣Ȼ͸ˣҷڣ
Ůӵ㲻ˣ
ҶǰѪףԥ£Ȼʵʱһˣ
ŮƤһû˵
ҶҲܾµôã
һѪȥŮӵ
Ҷ˵ͷȻָһһξѪûѪ֮Уܿ죬ѪײһᣬҶǸоԼѪ֮佨ĳϵ
ܿ죬ҶһɲǼ䣬Ѫֱûڣţȫ£һѪĤ
Ҷ֣ܹ⻬ңʣ
£һ
ԥ£ȻһҶǰ

һ𣬿ֱӱسɣ
ҶϵǼѪȴûκˣ
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ҶһϲΪղſһʱȻûиܵһͷ·ԷĽûһ
ʱȹŮͻȻ˼ãǣûã
ΪΣҶ⡣
ȹŮӵǵĶ̫ǿ˼޷ʱֱѪ׼ȷ˵ȫѪܣһ˼޷ܶԷͻѪܣΪ̼ѪѪζʲôӦú
Ҷ˵ͷһעģ
ȹŮӵ˵ͷȻ߰ɣ
ھߣҶ
ھߣ
ȹŮ˵ͳȥ
ҶһۣĬһ˲Ҷݹ㻹ǳȥɣ
ȥ
ʱǺȹŮͻȻˡȥ
ΪΣҶ½ǿ˺ȹŮӡ
ȹŮӵܳȥЩʬЩѪʬͳȥˡΪǱκ˶ȥ
ΪʲôܳȥҶʡ
ȹŮӵɽɽɳ󷨣һҸ׵겼µģһǵֲµģΪЩʬѪʬȥҪ󷨣ˡֱԣ˾ﵽ澳ζУ
˵꣬ŮӲ첽߳˴
Ů˵Ļɫһ
رҶɲܳʱ
ĬãҶа취Գȥ
˵꣬Ҷ¸˺ȹŮӡ
ܿ죬˳˳ǣ⣬һЩʬ壬Щʬ壬֮ǰӮȺˣӮС
ߵģ÷ɵģȹŮӵ
ΪΣҶʡ
ȹŮӳԶȥЩʬܵ
Щʬ㣿Ҷʡ
ΪʲôҪңȹŮӿһҶš
ҶʣЩѪʬΪʲô˺㣿
ȹŮӵѪʬһ˿ǻۣηҸףˣҡЩʬѾûǻ֮ۡǱֻҪûǲܵǣܵҲǣ
ԣҶЦЦ֪֮ǰҲôǱˡ
˳ȥ
ò˵һ·ϣҶߵЩսľΪΧ̫̫ฯʬˡ
ЩʬȫȥǶϵǧ˵һѣǰ˴֣ȻԸЩʬʵ̫ˣĶЩͷƤ飡
ȹŮӵԵú򶨣ͺûпЩʬһ
ȻǲУ˶һˣˣ˵ٶǷǳġ
ʱҪʱһƬҶа֮ˣηڰǣΧĺڰе㲻Ϊʶ޷չȥ
ڣʶֻܸܵΧڵĶ⣬һ֪
ʬ
ȹŮӽ͵ΧεʬЩʬ谭ʶܿ⣬ѾˡλŮӣʮⶼܲ
Ҷ£´ʱҲȻܸܵĶ
Ҷ˵ͷ
һҶǸ
Ҷ
ҶȹŮӣأˣһѪʬ⣬ˡΪоǰŮˣܲ
ȹŮͣ½ŲȻҶأ
ҶҡҡͷҲ֪
ȹŮջĿ⣬Ȼǰš
ҶһŮӣȻ¸ȥʵеڴӦŮˡ˿ֱ̣ܽһС鷳
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ԣɫһ䣬䵱䱸
ҶɨһܣȻȹŮӣûо
ʱȹֱ󡣡
Ҷ


1726 ùˣ˻
ʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬ת˲
䣡
һըͻȻڳ
ţҶֱӵ˳ȥһɣ˽ɲͣ
ԭվλã֪ʱһ͸ˣ
͸ˣ
׼ȷ˵壡
Ҷ˿ԼϵѪףղѪףղŶԷһƣ㲻Ҳˡ
ʬ
ʱǺȹŮͻȻʵѪʬ£ȻǱѪʬ£Ϊ壬壬졣˷ʤ
Ҷ˵ͷһֱ̣ӳǻʬǰȻһȭ
ǻʬҲһȭȭͷԺ˹
ܿ졣
䣡
һڳ쳹𣬽ţҶسʮɵľ룬ǻʬֻ˲ɣ
ôǿ
ҶüͷȻûýҲǷǳǿģû뵽ȻȲʬ
Զʱڵ
Ҷһڲŷ֣ԶʱڵߣҪڵǿ̫̫ࡣӦ˵ûĴ
ʱͻȻǺȹŮӣа취
ȹŮҡҡͷȻһԵҶֵʱˡ
Ҷ˵ͷҵģ
˵꣬ͻȻ˺ȹŮµԣţ£ץסҵ֡
²⣬ˡ
ץסֺҶֱסǺȹŮӵ֫ȻһŮʧԭء
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ҶȻأ
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ȹŮӵе㲻һ
Ҷ
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ôҶȹŮӣΣգ
ȹŮӵΣաбѪʬлʬԼʬֲĴڡ
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ȹŮӿһҶȻҸǰµ౦Уһǳʺ㡣
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ȹŮӵһλԶŽ޵ĽϻУоű澳۷齣ܹٿűڼǽϻڵ󷨣ԶԿ澳Ķεǿߣ澳εǿ߶ԶԿ
ҶźȹŮãȻҺû˵һý
ȹŮֱҶ㲻˵Ҳ֪
Ҷ˵ͷȻнϻڵǿԱ˵ȺŹЩˡǺӽͼһȺǣǺӽͼ澳ǿȴеˡ
ǽϻԸȥððգ
ȹŮӵ˵ͷУ
ҶһŮӣȻǾͽȥɣ
ȹŮȴҡҡͷڲС
ΪΣҶ⡣
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˵ţ˿£ȻݹҾã㲻ܼǽȥˡ
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ҶҸоǽȥΣա
ȹŮӵԼѡ񡣡˵꣬˫ۻ
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³Ĭһ˲Ȼǣ
Ҷ˵ͷǾ͸Űɡ˵꣬óһöʯݵ˿µǰȽԼ״ָ̬
¿һԼǰʯȻл˵꣬Ҳܽӣӹʯȥ
ҶҲóöʯ£ֱ󲻻̫ƽ
ģԽԽˡ
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Ҷʼ磬Ȼַǳһ
֨
һ𣬴ű˿Ÿձ𿪣һɴ̱ǵζʱ
Ӧ˵кܶζùζѪζһЩζ
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ܿ죬˽˳С
ҶɨһܣܵĽ٣ɢɢĴܣкܶ඼ǲԫϱڣȻܹƻ
ȹŮɨһܣȻܷ
Ҷһܣ˵ͷĳ
ȹŮӵ߰ɡ
һ·ϣҶ½ǽ䱸ޱȣȻкܰûʲôΣգǣôΪĻǲԶˡ
ʱһһȥںȹŮӵĴ£һݾݾе󣬺а֮£һƬκζ
ڿݾܣҶ֣ķġ
Ĭһ˲ҶȹŮӣȻ㲻Ҫȥɣ
ȹŮӵ˵ͷҪǼƷ档
Σ𣿡Ҷʡ
ȹŮӿһۣȻأ
ҶߵǿݾԱߣȻ¿һۣ棬һƬڣɭɭġȻа֮򣬵ǣֱ治һʲôõطпȥϲˣ
ʱȹŮֵҸ׵һЩﶼ棬ǽϻҲ档磬ûвͶĶʲôҪһĴ۲ܹõ𣿡
ҶߵȹŮǰֱӺȹŮӣҸо㲢ǵҪ㸸׵ıû´϶Ŀģ𣿡
̯ˡ
ȻԼʵţǣɵңܶʱ򣬹ȵžԸطһȽϺá
ȹŮӵ˵ͷȷʵСҵ¡
Ҷʼ磬Ȼλ˵ģҶǺܼɵģΪ㿴һˡңֱңҪȥˣ϶Ҫ군ԡ
˵ţһѪ׳УţָһѪ׷ɵ˺ȹŮӵǰ⣬Ҳˡ
֮ԷΪղź˾棡
˾棡
һ£ǾԲģҲֻررΣյʱ򣬺Żᾯ
ԣҶѡ˷
ãǣáûһжǸơңһһҪԼʵҪ͹ԼҲɸ߹Լʲôʵʲô飡
ȹŮӿһǰѪףȻָһѪ׷ɻصҶǰùˣ˻
Ҷ˫΢УҪǿǿ
ȹŮӵ˵ͷȻҽ˶棬ת˲
Ҷɫޱѿ
һϢҶԥ£ȻҾãȥҲǲԡ


1727 
ںȹŮӶź󣬳ͻȻѪʬ
ЩѪʬϰ֮࣡
Ǿƾճ˳Уֵûаףͷ·ԭڳһ
ȹŮߵҶǰȻ߰ɡ
Ҷʼ磬Ȼ£߰ɣ
ʱȹŮͻȻñˣʲôУΪǺ壬ң
ҶһۺȹŮӣȻ֪ʲô
סң𣿡ȹŮֱҶҪ𣿡
ҶźȹŮãһ̣ͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾںȹŮӵһ̣ûԼʵȻںȹŮһ̣ɫˡ
ΪȹŮӲ֪ʱԭվλã˿̣ȹŮ
˵ٶȶ쵽˼£ˣһԿ»ûӦʲô
ҶźȹŮӣŮ˵ٶȾȻ죬ҿܶ࣡
Ҫ֪ȷˣȻǱȶԷˣ
ȹŮӵҪ𣿡
Ҷʼ磬ȥȥȥ˵ţס˿µ֫ȻһԾ˿ݾ֮СǺȹŮҲԾ˿ݾС
ݾкҶ֣ݾڵĿռҪܶ࣬ڿݾܣɢŵĹ⣬ˣݾڵĳɼ
ڿݾıڣģ֮ǰһ
˲½Լʱˡ
߰ɣ
ȹŮ˵꣬Ȼǰһͨȥ
СЩʱͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷ˸˺ȹŮӡ
ͨУ޻ΧҲûκ죬ˣԵüΪž
ʱҶͻȻλҿҲһֱˬˣֱӸĿİɡȻҲȥͷˡ
ܿͻ֪ˣȹŮӵ
Ҷ˵ʱµͻȻ𣬡⣬ԼӰɡ
Ҷ£ʵŮӦú㡣
ʱǰǺȹŮͻȻԣ
ҶǺȹŮӣõ
ȹŮû˵ֻš
һӺ󣬺ȹŮͻȻͣǰԶһţЩ⣬Ϊȫصķ϶ɡţȹŮһĨɵ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻתҶˡ
ҶһǵţȻ򲻿
ȹŮӵܴ򿪣
ҶЦλ̫ˡʵ϶һǿģ㶼򲻿ôܴĿ
ܣȹŮӿ϶
ΪΣҶ⡣
ȹŮӵΪλϢԣų㡣ˣǽӽɷΧͻС

ҶһţȻȹŮӣʲô
˲֪ˣȹŮӵ
ҶĬãȻǵǰҶߵǵǰʱǵͻȻһĻҶƤһǺȹŮҲü
ʱǵͻȻƽȥ
һĻǺȹŮӿһҶȻȻ㣡
ҶһۺȹŮӣȻĿǰǵϣʵ˵šǣûѡһΣûɶѡ
ߣ
ʵ֤УΪŮӵٶȱ죬ǿӣвͨȹŮƴǣ黹ûǸزΪŮ˶ƺûʲô⡣
Ĭһ˲ҶַǵϣҪʹʱڵĺͻȻһһ̣ǵŸŲţҶ㵵Ŀ֮Уǵֱɢ
ô£
Լûأ
Ҷסˡ
ʱȹŮĿһҶȻ߰ɣ
˵꣬ȹŮ˽ȥ
ҶһۣȻҲ˽ȥ
ʱͻȻ𣬡Ů˵ûǱˣ澳εǿߣƲ˴š㣬ûдղѾˣ
ղžѾˣҶʲô˼
ʲô˼
ſɲϵ˵ĴˣղѾ׼ˡǶ֣ڵʵסԣˡ֣Ѿһʬˡ
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵСӣСЩŮ˲򵥣طȻ˳ַӡ򵥡ԣСĵɣ
Ҷ˵ͷѣԼСģ
ջ˼ҶɨһܣʱʱסˡΪܣһһһĴ̻ܽԻͣޱȣ
ʱȹŮͻȻһӣһɫϻҶǰ
ȹŮӵ˵һλλţ򣬶й֣һ׽Ҳǣ𡣵һ˲ննһеһж𣡡
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ˽л֮ܣֻһˣܹ
ʲôˣҶʡ
֮ˣȹŮӵߣһһر˽ʱһۿۣ
㲻õģ
ʱһԵĿͻȻ˽֣ģ
ҶԼıӣȻǰĽϻһΣúȹŮѣָһһξѪû˽ϻ֮Уܿ죬ǽϻҲţҶоԼ׽ϻĳϵ
Ҷ΢ɲǼ䣬ɫĽͻȻǰԼߣȫڣУɢһϢ˸оܲ
Ƕ
ȹŮͻȻλɵĶɱʱжԽǿ˽ԽǽҲ󡣡
ҶһۺȹŮӣȻλޣаߣ
ȹŮӵ˵ͷǣ
ѹ֣
Ҷ΢΢ͷ⽣⽣һͲŪģҲ϶ŪȻЩҪҪ⽣ϻþˣ
ûȥ׳еĽ󣬶ǿ˺ȹŮӣȻѾˣǾ͸ˡڣ
˵꣬ҪſߣʱȹŮͻȻһûõҪĶ
ҶŮӣҪҰæ
ȹŮӵ˵ͷһС£ɡ
˵꣬ת˴ĺ󷽡
ҶһۣĬһ˲Ҷ߰ɣ
ܿ죬ںȹŮӵĴ£һɫײǰײͨĹײģǣǹײϣһŷŷʱҶɫʱˡ
Ϊŷӡֱϵŷһģһ
˺ȹŮͻȻ
ҶŮӣʲô
˺֪ˣŮӵ
Ҷҡҡͷ˺ֱӡľԲǸƲ硣
ʱһֻ͸ͻȻסһԿµĺ
ʬ
һĻҶɫʱˡû뵽оȻлʬһ·Ȼûио
ȹŮߵҶǰȻֱҶ˺
ҶһȻ˵ͷ˺˺˭˭
˵꣬ߵǹײǰҪȥŷŷͻȻڷһ̣ڵĺͻȻҲ˲ת˲ŷƽȥ
һ̣Ҷ
һ̣ײĸͻȻˡ
Ҷһۣʱ۾ʱԲʲôЦ


1728 ˣ
ڹײڣһŮӣȻŮӲǱˣԵȹŮӣ
ҶתͷȹŮӣȹŮӵܾȣ
Ҷ㲻˵߷ӡ㸸ף
ƭģȹŮӵ
Ҷ΢飬ƭԼġ
˭ʱͻȻָŹײеŮӣʡ
ȹŮӿеŮӣȻң
䣬ͻȻһԾֱӻһâûǹŮӵС
һ̣еĺȹŮ۾ţ仺ƮɨһܣȻһڳˡ
ҶЦЦȻϲ
ҶĻȹŮͻȻĿҶĸ
ŮӿԼĸҶֻ
ĬãȹŮͻȻǸ˲ţҰɣ
ҶҡҡͷǸϲɣ
ܾŮֱҶ
Ҷ˵ͷҲϲԼԣܸ㡣
ʱȹŮͻȻҶǰȻҲϲ˾ܾңҲû˾ܾңΪܾģѾˡ
Ҷ룬ȻǿŤĹϲأ
ȹŮҡҡͷֻҪϲǿҲûϵ
ҲϲҶֱӺȹŮӡ
ʱȹŮӵͻȻҶϣܹоõֳֻû´ƣ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷǣ
ս֣֮
ڵʵǽֻ֣ڼľǳԼ޷
ʱȹŮͻȻƿұ۵䣬ȻַŽɫϣţֱҶҪҪԣ
ҶŮãȻǾ԰ɣ
ʱôˣ
ˣ
֪ǰȹŮӵʵһԿ϶ǾǶԷ϶ǿǣǿˡ򲻹벻򲻹ǣҴ
ȹŮ΢΢ͷҪ˺ҶֱϵŷʱСͻȻľҶǰת˲ĽֱӽȹŮӸû
Ȼֻһ˲Ϊת˲Щֱƾʧˡ
ʱȹŮĿСǱľϡ
ҶǰСգգۣ˿ȹŮӣֿ˿ҶգգۣţһЦȻľֱûҶڡ
ˣ
ҶЦСҲǴĹʹ򣬴򲻹ܰ
ҡҡͷҶȹŮӣȻȻҪǾʹɡ
˵ţҪԼֱϵŷʱȹŮͻȻղǱľô⣡
ҶȹŮӣʶǱľ
㲻ʶȹŮӷʡ
Ҷҡҡͷʶ
ȹŮһҶĬúͻȻתȻȥɣ
ˣҶ㵵
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ҶҪȥ
ȥ
ȹŮתҶȥʲô
ҶһΪưǧأ
ưǧ棿
ȹŮǷһĨм壿Щµһˡ֮ĿģǾ֮ϵĴǧ档
ǧ棡
ȹŮӵĻһԵĿµһŮҪưǧ棬Ƕǧ˵һѡŮ˱ʵѾɲ⣬ڼɽڵЩʬѪʬлʬ
˵ûκһҿԵס
֮ϣ
ҶҪȥ磿
ȹŮӿһҶҲȥġ
˵꣬תȻֵ߰ɡ뾲
Ҷ룬ȻȻʶãǣҵһ¡ڣЩߣɽдܵĴУбǿ϶ǲŹġԡ
ǾɣŮӵЩʬ壬ѾܾûгѪζˣ
Ҷԥ£ȻֵǸҲʶһûвҪĶѪ׻нϻ֣ҪеĻҰɡҲӶģ
һԣֱ顣
ʱǺȹŮͻȻתҶţֻʱҶͻȻסµȻһʧԭء
ȹŮ΢΢һ漴ҡҡͷ
ʱһͻȻڳ𣺡ˣΪβɱ
ȹŮӿԶҶȥķãȻˣϣ̫̫಻ȷءɱܵǣңʱմȾ̫
ף
ˣǸ
ȹŮ˫ۻȣʵ׻ָ

Ҷ²ûͣǿݾУҲͣŮӣԶߣԷ֪˶꣬ʵԲܹԿġ
Ҷ²ûгǣڳһƾɵĴʱסΪɽ󷨻һʱƣôƣ˵϶ŮȥƵġ
ֻ밲ĵƣȻ뿪ط
һ˵ջѾˣ
ŮʲôĿģʲô޹أ
ֻʵȻȥҺúøһܣ
Ҷڵأ΢ǽϻǰָһǽϻһţɫĽǰ
һ֣ҶǷ֣ȻͨҲ˵ȫٿ֮൱ֻ֣
ڵʵȫһĶã
ҪʹҪģ
Ȼʱ
ʱҶͻȻüͷһ壬ţſʹһɫ߲⣬ʱҶͻȻŭǸݾǳԽ澳ıﾹȻ߸ʬء
˵⣬óöʯݵ˿µǰ£˺úȥҾͲţĥ߸ʬ
¿һҶҪ˵ʱһЦͻȻڳ𣺡Խ澳ıû뵽õһ֮ϲ
£ʮͻȻҶ˲ԶΪ׵ģӮ
㡭
ҶͻȻſ³ˣ֮г㵣ô⣡
ô⣡
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ôӮɫԽˡ
ʱӮԵһͻȻڴ˶֣˵ฯʬлʬ⶯֣ЩеЩǿߡȥǿݾµı

ʱҶûбûб
ӮԵӵղŵĻǶѾˡ
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ӮһҶ£ȻǱʰǣ
ҶŭЩûбûƭ㣬ҿԷĵģ
Ӯ俴һҶ㣬ǲǴ
䣬ֱתʧԭء
Ҷ


1729 ·
ӮȥҶʼ磬ȻһԵĿ£ʱڿֻе졣
Ҷ̯̯֣㿴ģҿûƭǡϧǲңҪȥ
µһҶȻ·
Ҷ
ǻ𣿡µ
Ҷʼ磬˭֪ءˣط˾߰ɣ
ʵֻҪǺȹŮӲ鷳УǰȫġǣпɲǺȹŮӣб࣬Ȼ£ǣ鷳
µ˵ͷʾû
뿪˴ҪʱͻȻ

һĲҽͻȻұߴ˿ҽʱ˼ҽ
һҽ˺ϤӮģ
Ҷԣҡҡͷû뵽ӮӣӰڶǿߣȻַʽȥ
Ҷ˵ͷ԰¸һһöʱš
µǲûǸûУ
Ҷſ˴Ĵָ٣
߰ɣ
˵꣬Զȥ
Ҷʼ磬ȥ
һ
峿ɽͻȻʼɽٶԽԽ죬󣬷·һ㡣
ɽڵ󾪣
ɽİ˴ǿҲǴ󾪣֪ɽʲô
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ˣ
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ҶǰĿ£ݹˡ
˵꣬Ҫߡ
ʱͻȻСĵ㣬ҵõϢƺŪʲôƻһļƻ
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µϳˡ
ôϳģҶ⡣
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ȻţǣѾû˻͵ء£Ǿǻ᲻ϧһдնɱġԣҪСġ
Ҷ˵ͷȻղ˵Ūʲôƻ
΢΢ͷȷеҲ֪ġΪҼҿݼҹĿģÿݼҿݼûдӦҾͲ֪ˡ
˵⣬˶٣ֵԭ飬ҿݼӦǻֱӾܾģȻһΣڿݼҴ죬Ҳ˵ҿݼҾûӦӦҲûоܾңҿҵĲֹҿݼң
Ҷҡҡͷˡ˵ţԥһ£ȻһӣС׵ǿŻʱ˿µǰС׵ģԭ
˵꣬û˵תʧԭء
ԭأ¿ǰǿŻãȻһӣ
ڿ³ɽ󣬿ݼҵһǰѾͷɽڷʲô
΢΢ҡͷ壬˵ز˾߰ɣ
ʲô˼ü
³棬һλŵĹߡ
ԣɫˡ
һӺ󣬿ݼ뿪ɽȻҲ׿ݼΪʲôͻȻ뿪ɽǣ˵Ȼһ¡
ݼ뿪ζſݼҷɽһݼңȻܹɽлøĺô

Ҷ뿪ɽȻԼ֮Уţ˺С


õ׽ϻ̺һ׽󣬶׽鿴һ£Ǻӽͼ֮ϡ
ĽǵģȺֻǺӽͼǺӽͼ澳ǿѾûʲô̫вˣ

׽ĺľ֣ɱ֮ʱĴĺһ㣬ûʲô⣬ɱʱж
׽⣬ҶһУԴ

ʵκν޶һУȻܹúõȴ֮١
ڣҪС

֮룬֮
ҪĿζҪһãò˵һǳѵ顣һʼһĿʱǽһңǳҡ
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һһ
ʱҶٴο˷ģʽţҶԽ˷һʼһĶãֻһ뷨Ȼź֣ɹ˵Ļһǳֲ飡
һɣ˽ʱһãζŶԷ
Ȼ൱ǣɣȻЩ֮ںϽȥϣûýǿٶϣǾǲٵģ


ûнݾΨпɣ仰ɲʲôЦ
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ȻҪľĹ͡ľԼ˼룬ȫСףԣСǲؽģȻЧǱҶؽҪõġΪֻҪ룬ľͻô
С׵ȻΪѧҶؽ˵ĲˡȻľȥ浥ȥˣ
֪ʲôʱʼСѧʵս󣬾档
Դˣͷˡ
С׿϶Ƕ첻ʲôвģľܰȻԼģǣҲǲȥӲľġȻˣûоܾСףȻҲܾˣ
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ǰҶǷһĨЦݣԹأڣ㱻ʮ澳Χȫˣ

˵ʮ澳εǿߣ˿壬ɷɱ
ʱҶüͷһ̣صʵУţ˪Ǹǰ
ֻм֣⼸ʱҶֶʱ
Ϊ棬һˣ
ԷΪصģ
澳ǿߣ


1730 ң
֮һˣ
澳ǿߣ
ԭأҶĬˡ
֪澳ǿжǿ澳Ķǿߵʵ澳ĶǿѾѻɱˡ澳Ρ
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չ⼸ʱɽһ£ǾǣȥЩӵܣȼ˳ˣȫ档
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һ̣˴ɫЩѿˡ
׼ȷ˵ߴңΪݼҲûвУݼΪʲô룬ݼҲû˵ǲ롣
ߴҲûзɽкܶԭ򣬱磬Ϊ˱ΪĴУȻҪǣǧ棬ǲʲôвǵİλġ
ǧ棬˴ΨҶǾԲвǵĵλУǾݼңΪ֪ɽ֪һλǿĹصĸʬ
ȻݼҲضеġ
ݼ⣬ߴҶɳǿǰɽһΣߴճʮ澳ǿߣÿһ澳ǿͶ澳Ρ
ͷĸӮҵһ澳ǿߣ
ߴҵǿ߲ûгֻ֣ǽɽΧڵȴʲô
ɽڣҲƽޱȣûʲô
ԭأҶĬãȥɽ
ڣǾ磬ԼЩѾﵽļޣҲиڲʵսңţֻʵսʵսܹ֪ĲԼ
ȥɽȥ鷳ġ
ȣķϲӲµĲ˽֣Ǵɱ
ٶģǾҵجΣ
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˿̵ɽƽޱȣɽܣҶܵһǿϢ
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ȹŮɨһ۰׷ߵˣȻڹü
׷ߵºţ
ȹŮû˵ͻȻһӣɲǼ䣬һɫ˿е
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Զǰ׷߿˿Լ֣ת˲ͫȻһΪֱֻ۾ȻϢʧˡ
̧ͷŮӣʲô֮гŨŨɵ
ȹŮû˵ͻȻֱʧԭء
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ʱͻȻȫѪһƬǲѪһž޴ĺ첼ź첼ʶסˡţһѪɫӰǺ첼ֶֻ֮һ˲䣬ʶЩѪɫӰ
ͬʱһҽ

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ҶȴǷ֣ղŲϢʱ˽ʮ澳ǿߣ
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УҶĨĨͷ亹ȹŮӵʵһǿ
ʱͻȻָʣֻʣǺȹŮӡ
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ȹŮֱҶΪкܶ౦ľֱֻۡҪõһʵﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
Ϊβ֣Ҷʡ
ȹŮҡҡͷȻ˵Ҷţ⼸ãǣǿᣬմȾ̫ЩҪеĶҪ
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ȹŮӵҪԷҪȥ׬ǮҪ׬ǮҪ¡ǿĶҾҪȾһЩҲ֮ȥ𣿡
Ҷ˼ѾһЩ飿
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ȹŮӵⱲӣƽǲˡǣӵоԵʵߣЩȻȻǲܵ顣Ϊĸ죡
ҶĬ
Ϊ֣Ů˵ĺе˺ȷʵ̫̫֮ˡľûǣҪȥǸʲôڵġ˵ľ
սֱۡȻûʲô£ƿҲ£
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ȥķң


1731 ңǸøĳ
ң
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λǵĵصǧ֮£ҵһأΪѺĶҷ˴ˡЩˣ⣬ܻᱻѺ
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1732 նݣҪ׳
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ȻóĿǰΪֹ˪ʵûжġûж£˵ʵѾ˵Ŀֲ
ﻹãϾԷ澳ĶεǿߣһǳѾõ澳ĶΡ
˪еֲˣ
Ҫ֪˪ʮ
ΪʲôԼʶŮˣôֲ
ҶЩƣʶŮ֮У簲ϾǺȹŮӡЩˣ
䣡
ʱԶһҶ˼˻̧ͷԶֻ˪Ѿ˿˿̣ǧɡ
˪ɫƽɫЩѿ
ʱ˪ͻȻֻ㱾£ǲò˵Ҿеʧˡ
￴һ˪ˣͻȻЦ˪Ϊû췴췴ǵԤ֮СǣҲҪ췴֪Щ֮ˣȻһ
£һӡ
ʱΧĿռͻȻܿ죬ʮɫףֳֳӳܡ
ȫ澳εǿߣ
˪
Ҷ˪⡣
˪һҶȻǰ˵ģһֻصľţֻֻ˿Ե֧ţǰЩˡ
˵꣬ʮλ澳εǿߣǺǣĵƶŪˡǱسǰ
俴һ˪ҶգǶ
ʱ˪Ҷܴ򼸸
ҶһˣȻ룬ʵȽϵͣʹһˡιʲô񡭡ˡĲڶˡڶ࣬ҾҪ·ˡ
ʱͻЦҶжʮˣֻжʮˣ֪ȥ𣿡
Ҷֻ
û
ЦѾµ˰ɡµûȥϵնݣҪ׳У˵أ


1733 ţ
ΪҼȻ֪һǾնضᴺ紵
񵱳ҶĸףûܹɱԣڶһҶҶȻ׻¡׶ҿ϶ǻйеģҶûУ
ֻҪǸ˶֪ǸҶᣬҶԥҴϳĨ
ԣҪҶŪйϵģҪŪ
棬Ҷãû˵תҪߣʱͻȻȥϵȥ𣿡
䣬澳ǿߵҶǰ
һ̣Ҷɫ˲ת˲ֱʧԭء
һɲǣ
һɲǣٶȿ쵽£ǣڳ˿ɶһˣˣٶȻ죬ڳУмѭ
ˣʧһ̣ǰһ澳ǿ߱˫ų͵һ

һڳ쳹˵Ŀ֮У澳ǿֱӱسˣʱһԵͻȻСġ
¡
ԭڱ˵澳ǿԴͻȻ˳ȥȴڲϱУǲӿѪڿһĻȡ
ɱһλ澳ǿߣ
Уɫˡ
һԣ˪һҶͬһ˿𾪡ҽʵɲҶһ̣澳ǿѸٷͿԿ
ǣû뵽Ҷͽ˶Է
ʣҶʵֱǿˣ
Ҷڻɱ澳ǿߺ󣬲ûڳ֣ǳһ˲һڣĵϵ
䣡
ͻȻһ¡ţҶֻصԭλá
Ҷ̧ͷʣ˿̣ǵϿգ֪ʱһ޴ĹĻĻ֮У˸һȭͷطģУϳû޴Ļ֮С
󣡡
ʱһԵ˪˫û뵽㾹Ȼ˴󷨣
ǷһĨЦ˵գһߡ
ԶҶҽһ壬Ҫٴγ𣬶ʱ˪ȴǵǰȻˡҵռػֻǳʱ̲ܿһ澳ǿ߶ڶʱƵ
ԭأҶĬһ˲ͻȻһԵˣ֪϶а취ֹͣȥϵ𣿡
ԣ
Цǣһֹͣ𣿵ȻҵĻһῼǿǡԣҰȻùŲС
Ҷ˪һæ
ʲô˪ʡ
Ҷһȫץȫ
ҶĻɫ
˪ҶϢȻһӣһȫץ
澳ǿ߶ʱʧԭء
סǣڳ𣬽ţ澳ǿ߳˪ȥǼǿ߳˹ȥ
ʱҶͻȻǼ澳ǿߵǰҶ֣Ǽ澳ǿɫʱһ䣬ղҶɱ澳εǿߵʱǿۼġ
ˣҶʱǸҴ⣡
ʱͻȻһӣʱ澳ǿҶǰ˿̣аλ澳εǿҶǰ
λ澳Σ
һԣ˪һҶܸ㶨
Ҷ˪Ľ㣡
ԣ
˪£ֱӳ˹ȥЩҲЩ˳˹ȥ
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Ҷǰλ澳ǿ߽ΧͬʱҶ֣˵ϢȻһƬ˵ĸоһˣǰ˸ˡ
Ҷ˽һ˲ͻȻֱʧԭء
һ̣˱ֱӳҶͷǰ˱̺֮ǿϢͽҶΧĿռѹŤΣ׵ҶɫɲǼͰ
Ҷһûý飬ǻľľҶһն
أ
һըҶֱӱǧɿ⡣
һͣҶǱһĨɺ죬ͬʱߵѾѿһᣬߵǱѪһƬ
澳εǿһǺεȵĿֲ
˵Ҷֻ澳׽
ԶҶеѪ˳ţ̧ͷǰǰˣʱǰͻȻʧԭء˳ҶһĨ
ת˲һɫϻҶǰһ̣ڳ쳹𣬽ţͻȻһԲȦȻԼٶԭת
͡
һиڳ𡭡ǿռ䱻иĿռ䡣
˶ߣ˵ע£ֻҶΧĿռ˿̷·ڱٱڼһ㣬һռѷ첻ϳҶܣմˣЩռѷ컹ԼٶȳӶȥ

һҽͻȻڳ쳹𣬵ҽһ˲ڶ
Щҽɫޱȵѿ
ϢͻȻƽʱԭվҶǰİ澳ǿߴ˿ֻʣ
澳ǿߣȫˣϣȱ첲Ⱦǽ۱鲼һرأԴѾ
ͻȻ˶Ҷ
ɱλ澳ǿߣ
һ̣ɫѿ˼㡣ԭλ澳ǿߣɱҶҲܹҶģȻû뵽澳ǿ߾ȻҶֱɱˣ
һʧ澳ǿߣ˵Ƿǳ˵ģ˵Ƿǳǳ˵ġ
ԶҶʩչ֮óöʯ¡˿̣ƽޱȣʵȫѾƣˡղʩչ׽󣬲Ĺľܵ˵׽ڵʵʩչЩġ
ʱԶɫˡ
ΪԶ֮ǰ˪ȥǼǿߴҶԶ
ˣɫѿ˼㡣
ԭð澳ǿ֣㲻ܻɱҶҲԿڶʱڻҶģֻҪҶ˾ͿԻؾļˡȻķչûԭ
Ҷһ֮նɱλ澳ǿߣ
ҶһȻһֱãˣԣжԹһ㶼ҵ˵鷳ȥҵ˵ļˡҾãñ˵ļв˵ˣų򡣡
˵⣬˶٣ֵ⡣ϵҵۡ֮飬Լԣ˴ϵԣ
￴Ҷأ
ʱ
͡
ԶҶһȺ֮Уʮ˵Դ˲׷˳ȥ
Ҷֱԣţ


1734 
ţ
Ҷڳ
ٻȥϵǼ澳ǿߣ
뷨ҶδйΪǳǳֻȡ衣ңȡͬʱԷȻǲٻЩ˵ġ
ԣ
Ҷֱһȥʮ˵Դɫ˲һֱ̣ӳҶ˹ȥ
ܿ죬һ޴ͻȻǰ
䣡
ըѿֱӱɿ⡣ͬʱڷԲڵĿռϣ˿˿磬Щ粻˸ţ̺ǿֱõЩռҲ
ٴʧԭأʱ˪ͻȻᳯǰһӣһӣʮڳкж
䣡
һըֱӱɵľ룡
Ŀ˪ϣ˪˪ЩˣУкܶã鷳Ҷ˪
ΪҶֻǹһˣ˪󣬿ǻһǿߣ
ã
˪Цһ֪ΪһҪҼ֮λ
˵⣬ش𣬱Ǽֵĸ׵һ仰⣬һԭǾҾﲻҼɻǵãĸ׵ȥ㣬ǣĸף
˵⣬ɫͻȻֻҪһ仰ĸ׾ͿԲñĥУĸ׶΢ģԣûȻˣ
ҵԭ򣿡
㣿
˪ǷһĨЦҲ㣬Һ޵ƶȣһ棬츳ʵ˵ƶȡ
ԣ˽ǳĬˡ
飡
ʵңκһҶ˵ûʲôġڼУǱ츳ͻصصԴȻЩû츳ûǱģڼеĴʱ˶硣
ֻңӳ㣡
ʵҲ
ʱ˪ͻȻֵף츳ǱʹδδˣȻõõӵȻЩû츳Ǳġʣ˭ȥһûδˣǣ츳ǱԾһУû츳ûǱԺҲûУ
Уɼž
ʱ˪ͻȻָԶҶףҵ֮ȻֱʺζԴģǣ׵ȷʵʺǣбҪ׸Ͼɱ𣿡
˵⣬ͻȻӴ棡Щ֣꣬£ֻ档һˣüֵͻͻûмֵˡͻһŪԷң
ʱһ壬ԴޣֻȥЩǱˡ

ʱ˪ͻȻǱˣΪĶ㣬޳ɡǣвӦֻЩǱˣЩûǱˡ
˵⣬ɨһܣȻֵΪҼضһͬʣҸһԴǳɳ棬ȫԼ컯֮⣬պ󣬾ɣǵԼѡ񡣻УŮպܹͬӲܹõĴֻҪб£ŮģҼ֮λһ
Ҷһ˪ò˵Ůˣи԰ʵ˪ĻҲͦõģϾŮ˲ֶλ̣ʵǶġ
ڣҾ㲻ܳưǧ棬Ҳٿǧ˸ۣ
ȻϧǣҲ
ĸ
˪ҪĸĸҪϴҲζţҪеȨЩˣȻˡҪǷȨĻôܸģ
ЩӵпܲôѣҪ£Ǿˡ
Ҫ֪һ£һ˪ˣʱضûУ
Զ￴˪ãȻ㻹ǼңҲŮ˵ʹҷѣҲͬ⡣˵ţɨһ˪ˣһλᣬڻת⣬üȻ
͡
ʱԶҶַʮͷ
һĻɫ˲
ҶֱûȤϻ˵һ飬ò˻
￴ҶҪڸɱһˣұضѪϴϵ㡭
͡
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Щ˶澳µߣҶǸӵĻᶼûУ
գҶֱ֮ǰȿȫǰ
䣬һӣʮͷ˳ȥ
Ҷ
ǸˣЩСʲôб£ͳ㡭
˵⣬뵽ʲôͻȻסڡ
ԶҶǷһĨô˵أ˵⣬ҶеĽͻȻֱָҲ֪֮飬ӦԼȴȥϵɱҵˣʲôˣ
䣬еĽͻȻһӡ
͡
ʮ˵Դֱӷ˳ȥЩˣǲӣȻ澳ǿأ˭ӣ˭
һĻɫԽˡȻ붯ֵģȻҶʵ޷˲ɱҶ˵˲ɱҶܲսʤҶûʮİա
Ҫ֪Ҷֻصֱۿǻûõģ
ʱҶͻȻһ飬ò˻ǲãӽ󣡡
˿̣ҶɫҲЩ
ϵۣ˭Ҷϵ͸˭ԣԭļˣǣ˿Ҳûа취½Ҫϵ϶Ҳġ
ڣֻܱ˸л
ͻȻ
˶
ڰǰľ·ЭЭ
ЭζţԺϵͲǶԸҶһơЭЭǾζҪϵһ˵ˣ
ǲ
ĬϢͻȻ̧ͷʣȻӮңݼңǵҴӦˣ
죡
ʱͻȻһЦţʮ߳ʡ
Ӯңݼң
һ̣˪Ҷɫǳ
Ȼû뵽ӮݼҾȻ˽


1735 
ݼңӮң
ϵǧǿص壡
Ȼⲻص㣬صô
ڳ˴ʱеʣҲҶ˪еʡ
ʡ
ʮ֮УΪ׵һ۵ߣǰһϸСġӮ֡
ӮҵĳϣӮ䣬澳۷ǿߣľߣҲȫ澳ǿߣϢȴûĻ
ұߵʮˣΪ׵һ۵ߣڴ˵ǰһССġݡ֡
ǿݼҵĳϣǣ
Ҳ澳۷ǿߣͬģЩҲȫ澳εǿߣ
ʮλ澳ǿߣ
ʮλ澳ǿߵļ룬˵߶˪߾˾ѹƣ
ʱ˪ͻȻ㾹ȻܹӮݼҵ㣬û´ضҵ棬𣿡
ҵ£
£
˪ͻȻЦ˵㲻֪ʲôң
ֱ˪ҲҼҾǧһҲûʲô壡
Ҷ˪ѾȫܹвͳελûԮ߼пܱҶ˪ֻܡʱҶ֮ҶǸŵģ
ΣֻܴӦݼӮҵ
Ȼõһʧܶණǣܱĺã
һԣ˪ҶҪߣ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
˪΢΢ҡͷˡȫҲˡ
ҶĬһ˲Ȼ˵ĶԣһҪȥǣڻȥ֮ǰ
˵⣬۾ͻȻѪڻȥ֮ǰҪ
䣬ֱӻһûһȺ֮С
ֹ
ԶŭһҶ˹ȥʵӮǿݼǿҲǳҶ˹ȥ
𣡡
ʱһֻȻͻȻʡ
ֵ棡
ʱ棬Ȼʵֺ࣬һϢϯǳҶ澳ǿֱӱϢɣ
ţֻͻȻչ˿չ˿󣬼ֱݡ
ʱ棬䲻ʵ࣬ҲȵҪ࣡
ʲô
ʣǿü
ȴûзϻֱһǿǵ˳˹ȥ
ôһֻȻӮ˽ɫһ䣬ȥҶֶԿ档
·˪ǵǰ
˪ֻսɲǼ䣬ȫͻȻһ˿˿ֱеĸҼ£㾹ȻҲգվַ㣡
䣬ֱӻһ⳯˹ȥ
һĨҲãգǳһ˽ᣡ
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ӮһҶȻɱӮ澳𣿡
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£΢ֶһ̣ǰԶһ澳ǿɫʱһ䣬һֱ̣ӳʮ⣬ԭվλõĿռ䣬֪ʱһռѷ죡
ͬʱһֻ䲻ˣ
澳ǿ߿һҶг˼ɵ֮ɫղţһ֣ľͲһֻ䣬ǰˡ
һ쵽˼£ûпֻǿŶΣıܳһⱾܣһ
еӮ˴˿ɫҲ
ҶղһǶܵΣգ
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һΣûõڶΪ˷ѸղŲŻָ
ҶһӣǺɫϻٴγǰ
ʱԶ˪ֵͻȻСǽϻ򲻿ɴ⣡
Ҷղʩչ⽣ϻʱ˲ɱ澳εǿߣ
⽣ϻɵѣ
ĻӮ˿һҶǰĽϻг˽䱸֮ɫ
ҶʵǲʶҶȻҴ⣡
ҶһӮˣһ̣һǽϻ
ˣ
һڳ쳹
Ӯɫʱһ䣬׷׳ʮɵľ룬ͬʱһεķֳǵǰ
Ȼǽϻȴûκζ
ҶһӮˣôŸʲôҾ⽣ϻѣ
ԣӮɫʱѿ
ʱҶǰǽϻͻȻһţɫͻȻǽϻֶ֮ת˲䡪
ͣ
ҶΪģԲڵĿռֱӱиһһ

˿̵֮ǰҶʩչʱҪǿΪ˿̵Ҷгɱ⣬޾ɱ⣬ɱԽǿԽһУԽһУ⽣Խ
һ̣еĿռ类Ҽľ޴鲽
ʩչҶóöʯ£Ȼ̧ͷԶ
Զ˿̿ռѾָ
Ȼǰʮ˴˿ֻ̾ʣˡ
Ӯ仹ţȴôãΪֱѾиΣûȫϿڼϡߵˣϱ鲼ˣһΪأ嶼ѾӸ˿һһ㣬ͻмˣ
һ׽ɱλ澳ǿߣ
ʵ׽󣬲ԭĽΪҶ׼ȷ˵Լķʽʩչ׽Ҳʩչ׽ʱַ֮
׽ٶ˲֪٣Ҳһ¥
˵׽ΪҶӶűĸǿ
ԶӮҶһ̣ǵܹɱˣȻǼɵ
ļɵ
֮ǰѾܽ䱸ˣ
ǣǻһ˲䱻˲룡
ɱλ澳ǿߣ
һģ
ǿܶš
Ӯûж֣ҶȻҲûж֣Ȼ붯ֵģǴ˿̣޷ʩչκν뽣Ϊָֻɡ
⻹С麬ߵԵʣǱ顭ֻѡ·
춯֣
ʱһ˪ֵͻȻǽļضѾݽߣ֣ȫ׻ɱ
ԶĻӮ˫΢УҶʱҶͻȻǰ̤һţһ㣬ǽϻ֮ϡ
ˣ
һ쳹
һĻӮɫ䣬׷׳ǧɣ
Ҷ̧ͷӮˣ㵵ʲôֻѣ
Ӯˣ


1736 ȥ˵еĵ
ò˵˿̵Ӯˣɫޱȵѿġ
ҶɱˣҶʱѾ˲ˡӮ˿ɲɱˣ붯ֵġ
ȻҶǰǺɫϻʱԥˡ
˵Ҷ˿ݽߣŵģΪǽ֮Ŀ϶ҲǼġԣҲҶ˿Ѿݽߵġ
ǣ
һҶûпݽߣʩչһǽأ
ڵ״ҶʩչһǽǾǻȫûģ
ӮĴ˼ɣûиҶ֣ҶȻҲûж֣ҪľϣʱϵԽԽá
ʱԶ˪ֵͻȻŭضٴʩչ󣬶ûг֣Ϊ˿Ѿݽߣڲ֣һָǶ
ԣӮ˶ʱҶһ̣ûԥ
Ļνһˣ
Ҷǻ϶ǳֵģҶûг֣֤Ҷ˿Ѿǿ֮ĩ
Ӯ˾Ҫ֣ʱҶͻȻǽϻԶȥûǰɣãҾ㿴û
ҶȥӮ˶ʱͣ
ȻҶҪ֡ȻǶ֣Ȼôż֣ΪҲ뿴Ҷ׻û
ҶԼ˪սɫʱһ䣬ȻҶ˿Ѿǿ֮ĩӮһҲұ֤Ҷ˿Ѿݽߡ
ͬҶʩչǽ
˪ûֻ֣ͣӶ£һɫһ߳Ｄȥ
˿̵ȴЩˡ
Ҫֿ˪ҹҪҶҶֱӳֵĻãǣҶûֱӳֻ֣ǳ
õòֳһ󲿷־Ҷ
УӮҶ͵Ҷ֡ҶʩչǽǻԥˣҶʩչֻͨԥϣ
Ӯ˵ע£Ҷ˪໹ʮɵλͣ
ͣҶһȻַǰĽϻϡ
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ǰһѪۣ
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Զ˵ע£ҶָͻȻ˵ǽϻ
ˣ
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ɫ䣡
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ۣ
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ԶӮ˳Ҷ΢ɲǼ䣬ɫĽǽϻ֮мͬʱҶŽ鳯Ӯ˳˹ȥ
˿Ȼٳʩչ󣬵ǣⲻûս
һ壡
˿̵Ҷһ壬һ˿·硣
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һã
ҶĿ£ȫ൱ֱֻۣȻûܹɱκһˣȴסӮˡõҶڱӮΧ
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棬˿̵Ҳֻһ֮ס澳εǿߣҲֵֻܵ
У˪ȻҲ֪ȥˣڻ֮ûм֡
ôԶЦˣ
˪һһ̣˫ۻ۵һ˲üͻȻһϸС׹⣬ܿ죬ͻȻ硣
ܿ죬ЩɫͻȻǰӶȥӵٶȼ죬̼࣬䣬ǰɵĿռֱӱЩ׵ǡ
һĻɫޱ
֪Ƕʱˣ
ﳯǰ̤һţ˫ֳǰ̽һ̣˫͵սɲǼ䣬ΧڵĿռ󿪵Ŀˮһҷ
ת˲ȭӡͻȻЩڵĿռ֮˳Щȭͷ࣬ǧ

ʱͻȻڳ𣬽ţ˫ȭ͵سǰһ䡣
˫ȭЩȭӡʱܼıһ㳯˪ǰЩ׵˹ȥ
Щȭӡ׵Ӵһʱ
䡭
һըʱǳͬʱǿʼҲ
һ̣ѣ
ԼʮϢǽƽ
ǣǴ󲿷ݽѾʧûʧģҲ˲ԫϱڣ
У˪Զɡ
˿̵ģЩǱɫ԰ûһ˿Ѫɫϣ鲼Եۣˣϻڲ˸΢ĵ⡣
˪˪ɫ΢֮⣬ûκˡ
ȻղһεĽ棬˪ʤˡ
ҶҲһ˪ܣǾЩˡҲӰеļƻ
Զ˪û뵽ɳزӦɱ㣡
˪ǷһĨЦϧѾˡ˵ţЩˣȻֵǶˣ͵Ϯҿɼ̡Ǽڤ粻飬ǵʱͱҲѪ֮飡
Щ˳Ĭ
Ƕû뵽ﾹȻ򲻹˪
ͶǲͶ
ǲͶ˪Ըǻ˵ģ
ʱԶͻȻЦ
У˶ȴǿҶЦҶиϢ㣬ҵѾϵˡ
ԶҶǰӮһȭҶǰ˹ȻΪҶҪʱҶȴͻȻתõӮȭͷıϡ
أ
һҶʧԭأҶʧһ˲ɫ䣬ֱһȭ
ȭһʱȭͷ֮ϡ
һֱ̣Ӵȭͷ֮Уɫ䣬ҪߣȻȴѾˡ
ΪһĲϣ
ͻȻ
˶û뵽Ҷ᲻ӮһȭǸԸһȭȻһȭ
һ̣˵Ԥϣ
УҶֱǻ
ЦزˡΪҸµǣϵȮ
ԣҶ˫˲Ѫȥ˵еĵûУھһ£


1737 ɱ
䡣
ҶĽͻȻˡ
˵Ŀ֮У˫˫ͻȻϣһ̣ɫĽֱӽѾΪ˹ֱӶ˵档

һЩ澳ǿ̳Ҷ˹ȥ
ҶһЩˣһ̣ǰ澳ǿԴֱ׷˳ȥ
澳ǿ߲澳һΣˣԷסҶһɲǣ
Ҷٴ˲һ澳ǿߣЩȫͣǰ
˿̣ݼӮҵǿҲͣ
ﶼҶסˣȻڳ֡˴˿̣ѾûǸŵǵ
ǽ
ȻڵĳУҶԸŹȻûܹҶо
ΪҶҪɱһ飡
УҶߵǰȴû˿ɫҶ㲻ǺԼ𣿹ĺ뿴ȥϵŮˣŮöʱı飬Ǳ飬Ժܾʣ
ɱ
ʱһԵ˪ͻȻӮҪӮ䣬ҲҪĹ䡣ԭҾһۣڿܶ㲻ϡ
ۣ
ΪĿģֶΡǣۣҲԼĵߣڰʱǲвֵļ˴ӶϵĿУˣܵģ
ͺñ׵һЩӣЩӣҲܵġΪǿõһ棬ԶԼУ˵ĳɹ磬˸УҲ硣
ˣﵽϵĿС
ʵܵģҲɱġ
˿ַ֣̾ܶʽﵽϵĿУ
ҿɱ
˪Ļɫޱȵѿ˪Ǿ仰һѪ
ѿ
ѿͷ·ĳʲô鱻ڽҴһ
ʱ˪Ҷһʹɣ
ʹ죿
ҶǷһĨЦ̫ˣ˵ţ֪ʲôйƤ𣿿϶֪ģܿͻ֪ˡһὫƤһһһһһǧ㣬ҵĽһģ
䣬Ҷʼˡ
˵ע£ҶʼƤˡ
ңԶϵʱϵ֮͡
źֳֳۣҽԱ
ϵ𣿡
УͻȻǵ͵ϵСҲϡ١
˸Сұߵ
Ǻ΢΢ͷȻ˵峤˪Ҷû
ұߵ峤ûȫİգǲᶯֵģȻ֣϶ʮİաԣҪϵ֮ˣȻȥɣ
΢΢ͷ֮
䣬ǰ̤һһ̤һɿֲϢͻȻϯϢֱӳϵ½ѹ˹ȥȻϢδ½ͻȻƾʧˡ
һ̣ɫǱˡ
ǿԶԶһˣʱɫ䡣
һʧ㡭ô㡭
ʱһڳһ
͡
Ӳת˲ͻȻǧ顣
лָƽ

ϵ½ǡ
ʱĳУӳһĻѪȵĳﱻڵϣҶ򲻶ýƤÿһ£ɫһƤƤǳı͸
٣
ʵ˵٣Ϊٸӿֲ
ûκֹҶЩµȻǸҳ֣Ҫ֪Ҷǻ˪һԵġ
ǳ֣ʮġ
˪һҶҲûֹ˭ó˿̵ҶѾ״̬ʱȥֹҶǾкˡȻҶҲΪһҶ
Ӯݼҵǿ߾͸ȥֹˡ
˿̣Ҷ˪ѾȫҵĴ֣Ƕ֣ûκ塣
ûֹﱻҶһһƤ
ҲйУûģûвҽСϾλߣеġ
ܿ죬˿̵Ѿҵһ޷ݵĵز˵˿̵ֻ۾õģĵط
Ѫȣң
Ӯҵǿݼҵǿ߽ҶУǼɵ֮ɫ˼ɵһ˿η壡
ݣ
Ҷ̫ˣ
ԴҶˣҪôֱӻɱзĻᣬҪôͱΪУȻһᣬһᱻı
ʱҶ׼ٴλӽʱͻȻɫһ䣬һ̣Ҷֱӵ˳ȥһɣ˽ǧɡһͣҶǱһĨѪ
˶ԶԶ֪ʱһߡ
ߣ˶סˡ
ҵЩǿ߶סɻ֮ɫ
˭
ʱһԵĳϵͻȻʧ壬壡
壡

⣬еĿݼǿӮǿɫǱˡǣ˪˿ɫҲǱЩˡ

λ澳ǿ֮һ
֣Ȼϵܶ˶֪֣ǣǧǰǧǺպ˲֪ġ
ֻԷԴӱչغϵǧͽûϢΪʲô˶ʶԵʡ
УһϮۣͷѩףɽƣһλнľߡ
һǰȻ˵ҵʱ̣Ȼҡ
˪һȻﲻ֪ʲôгġ
˵ʲôǴ˿̵ȴʲô˵ˡΪѾûͣûͣͷҶˣ
ʱһԵæǰȻǰ˵˳
ãȻڲƽҪæ๼䣬һӡ
䣡
ֱըѿ
˿̣ˣ
һƻٵҶ˪ймҹ棬Ȼˣǣ·ϡ߸ң
䣬һӣһɿֲϢֱӳҶ˪ϯȥ
˪Ĭһ˲ͻȻҶ˿̣ҶҲ
һۣһ̣˪ɱ
䣬ɲǼ䣬ͷͻȻīɫͷ۾ȫīɫ֮⣬ֻ־Ȼֻצӡ


1738 ڷ
Ŀⶼ˪ϣҶ
˵ע£˪˷˷츲صı仯˿̵ڷͫ·ɫҪϢ˿ϢǿڳУ
Զ˪ãȻӡУ֮У֮УַΪڷ֧û´˴˵еĲڷĴУ
ڷ
˪һûǲˡ
ʱ˪һͻȻ˳߶һȻ棬λ츳үҲѾ䡣ңֻʣ˪СҶүǶ˶ˡδĳһʱڣض˲Ŷϲ㣬ԣ˼
ʱ˪һҲվ˳Ȼ棬˪СҶү츳ʷ֮УԿŽǰ塣κһң֣ұضᳬԽʱĻԻ͡
ߵĻ˽ΪȻص˵ͷ˪ЩиһĨ˷ܡ
Ҷ˪Ǿ֣δһԻ͵̶ֳȣ
һԵӮݼҵɫ
һҶһ˪ѾвˡȻвһɳǾǷǳֲġɳһ֡
Ӯҵݼҵǿ߲ȥˡ
Ĭһ˲ʱӮͻȻǰӮõһȱԺԺԶʱġԺԶʱںܶ飬Умغڷ顣
˵ʲôӮ䡣
Ӯ΢΢һЦȻҿ˪Σֻǻ˺ڷĴУӦһֻڷȻʵ޷ɺڷģֻһͣǾֻڷԸɡ
˵ص㣡
Ӯ˵ͷȻû´࣬ضǷġ˵⣬ǷһĨЦݣȻǰˡֱԣǰչô꣬ͻ澳ﵽ澳֮ϡǣǰΣǰӦûаˡ԰ɣ
ɫЩˡ
ʱӮͻȻָԶ˪ǰڷųƲڷܹ֮ųƲΪһŲ֮ġǰܹŲ֮ģ㲻ͻ澳ﵽߵĲΣҲܹػΪŲ֮ģԿǰڻ꣡꣬ʱ䣬һнпܣ
ƨ
ʱ˪ԵͻȻŭ䣡
Ӯ俴һߣȻֻǸ飬ѡǰԼѡ񡣡˵꣬˵һԣ
˪߿棬֮Բţҡ
ֻʮʱɻˣͻȻߵĻ
ԣ˫ԲţΪ仰ζʲôڳ˭֪
߻˵ʲôʱ˪ͻȻ˰֣ö˵ˡ˵ţ̶ֳȣû´Ӧʲôˣҡҵ˥˵ûʲô壬𣿡
˵ͷ壿˥Ǻǡ̶ֳȺ֣ᷢһеһжǸơ˵ţ˪֪ӮûģǣҲں˵һᣬҲһϣԣԼڳأڣ
˪ͻȻЦЦƬ̣֮ǰˣǿһֱұǽǱȻУǿ϶㲻ϡ
˳Ĭ
ܹ֮Ϊ˴֮һΪ澳εǿߡ澳εǿߣҲе̡Ȼ˿ǲŷ̵֣ˣûнҷϡ
̱
һ̣еṈ̀ˣ
Զ΢΢ͷȻ㲻ԼǾԼȡɣ
䣬䳯ǰ̤һһ̤еĿռͻȻһɲǼ䣬˪ΧĿռͻȻŤߵ
У˪һĨһ̣һɺɫͻȻϯɫֱӽǰĿռ˺ѷ飬һ̣˪ҽһ棬˻һڹ⳯ȥ
΢΢ҡͷһֳ̣ǰһ̽ȻһɲǼ䣬ǰĿռֱŤһ޴Ŀռתռ͵ըѿ
䣡
˪ֱӱǧɿ⣬һͣǰĿռͻȻת˲һƬռͻȻһռ䳤̣
ɲǼ䣬Щ񳤴˲佫˪û
У֧˪Щɫʱһ䣬ʱһըͻȻڳЩռ˲ͬʱһֻ޴ɫצͻȻƬռ˳ֻɫצֱץ
ɫ䣬һָģ
䣬˵Ŀ֮У˪ֻɫצĿռ侹Ȼʼֽ⣬ֽĲпռ䣬ֻɫצϢʱ䣬ֻɫצͱֽǧ飬Ȼʧ˿С
Զ˪˫΢У컻أ
˪֪Ļ١澳Σ컻أ׸ıط򣬸ıһСԣ˵ҲϣȻһֻȽǿϣ
˵꣬ǰ̤һһ̤зƱɫֻ˪ΧЩռͻȻֽ׼ȷ˵ڸıռṹȻøıĿռ乥˪
еŮĹʽȻŮҪߺܶܶ࣬ΪǷֽ⣬Ǹı䡣
ףıѣ
˪˫צһ̣˫צȻǰ͵ؾһġ
䣡
һģֱõΧڵĿռȻȻռ֮ЩռڶͻȻתţǿռڶȻֽ
ܿ죬ǿռڶͻȻͣ
ʱԶҶ˼֮ⷨȻֹܹҵĸı֮
ղųֵҶȻҪ֣ڸ˪վͬһϣ˪ûаô෴Ҳֻ˪֣пܶԸ
ҶûлشһԵ˪˿̣˪ѾһĨѪ
û°ɣҶ
˪ĨĨǵѪȻŪ
Ҷ˵ͷȻã
ҵԸ˪Сһ֮
ʱһԵҳϵͻȻһ˪
룬֮ǰ֧ȫ˪
һĻеӮǿݼǿ߽סˡ


1739 澳Σ컻أ
˶û뵽˻ͻȻתͶ˪
˪Ҷû뵽
ʵҲ
ղŵĻģǸ˥ģֻԼʱǼǲ˵պҾҪ군ġ
˪ȻŮӣǣңңҲǸǱʵͳҡ
ԣ˹ѡͶ˪
˪һˣȻܺá˵ţӮݼҵǿߣҵڲ£λҪ룬ҿǱ֤ȵȫʧ
ǵȻ룡
ӮǷһĨЦݣǵļ£Լ˵꣬ļתҪߡʱ뵽ʲôͻȻҶӮҵˣģ
ҶһӮ䣬ȻϢʱڣ㻹ǰ㱣֤Դһң
ӮɫЩѿһҶǰǽϻЩתʧʡ
Ӯ뿪󣬿ݼҵǿҲûڶתߡ
ڶ˵뿪õģɽۻ
С
һˣȻҡҡͷȻǶҾͳȫǣ
䣬ֳǰһ̽ת˲˪ΧĿռͻȻҲһ̣˪ΧĿռͻȻѹЩռһһ㳯˪˼ѹȥ
˪˫΢УһӣҶ⣬˺󣡡
ǿߣ˸񲻵ʲôá
ʱҶͻȻܲҲ˺󣿡
˪һҶ˵أ
Ҷ룬ȻǺ룬ǣʱˣδҲ̫ˡ
˪ϵû£
ԣҶĬˡڸյϵʱܻȥػϵڣܻڣζţϵûзʲô⡣
ҲΪʲôû֮ǰôҪԭ
ΪĶϵ֣ǵһʱͿ֪ġ֪Ϊʲôȥûг֣֪ϵʱ˵ǰȫġ
֮˪˵Լ⣬һ뷨Ǿڱ˵ƿУΪҲ˪ƿأǶԷпܻ鷳
ҳ
һ֮ңȻġԣõİ취˪Ҽ˪ϼ鷳Żʧ
ң˪ǵϼ϶Ҳкôģζϵǧ棬Ҳͬˣ
һ˵վޣֻһ˵Ļ˵ң˴һΪ塣򲻹ӡǣǣң
ԣҲҪѣ
˪ˣһԭˣʺѣ
˵˪֣֮˫Ӯ
ҶĻ˪΢΢ͷ澳ǿߣʵĪ⣬ղſģıɽһǣԣ⡣
Ҷ˵ͷȻ
䣬΢΢һľУһ̣еľȥ
˪ҲǳȥͬʱϵֻɫצͻȻ䶯ҪƤ
ԶһҶ˪ȻЦЦ˼ϣȻ뺳ɽ
䣬ǰ̤һһ̤ԲǧڵĿռʱһͬʱֳǰ̽ȻҶ˪һѹ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ˪ΧĿռ˳һһǿϢ˲佫Ҷ˪֣һ̣ͬʱоԼ·ҪϢ
Ҷɫ澳ǿߵʵ
ƾһϢѹЩ
ڵĿռ֮УҶ˪һۣһ̣Ҷҽ͵һգռ䴫ֱӻһ⼤ЩŤĿռֱӱ˺ѿת˲ǰ
һɲǣ
һǼģǣ˵ͲôˡˣҶʧһ˲־Ѿ˳ȥת˲ҶǱľͱָסˣ
ҶٶȻԣϧҲֻǻԣ
䣬ָ΢΢ҪҶľȻȴ㵵ķֻ֣õҶǱľ˲ľû˿ˣ
ʱҶսͻȻһʡ
䣡
һǿľ֮𵴶֮䱻سˣ˲ʮɱͣʱһڵצӡͻȻǰ
˫΢Уһȭ
䣡
һըٴ𣬺ɫצӡɢٴγɾ룡
ԶҶ˪ûڳ֣нǳء
ղ˵һʵû֣Ȼȴ׾ٵľ͵
ʵеĻҪǿ࣡
ʱԶͻȻĺ⣬˵ʵȻﵽ̶ֳȣѹڲƽǡò˵ȷʵǳɳҡ
˵⣬ͻȻȻֹΪҶ֪ʱѾǰһ̣һѾü䡣ܿ죬ͱָסˣ
ָȻ
ҶУҡ
Ҷûиϻʱ䣬һ̣ͻȻĽϻֶ֮ɲǼ䣬ԲͬĽǶȴٶͬ쵽˼£
ʱͻȻһ
䣡
һɿֲϯת˲䣬ΧǱͱƸ˿ҶҲǱƸɵľ롣
ҶˣҪ֣ʱһɫͻȻǰţһ̶ķͻȻǺɫ֮쳹
üͷʱΪǵõһ㱣һ˲һֻɫצֱǰ
أ
ֱӳ˰ɿ⣬һͣ£һֱ󾱰λã˿ͺԼȥԼĺײһ㣡
ҶĽҪĺʱͻȻʧԭأʧҶɫ΢䣬ͬʱһֱӳԼ˹ȥ
ΪһֻƲ֪ʱԴ
䣡
ΧռͻȻһըؾһת˲Ҷɿ⣡
һͣһĨѪ˳
ѹƣʵѹƣ
ʵı˪ҪǿܶܶࡣΪսڣɴݲȣûˡ
ʱԶͻȻҺ⣬һһ澳ʵȻﵽ̶ֳȡʱԶԶǡڣǶ˵ϡ澳Σ컻أǲ˸ֵġҲûˣ
䣬ͻȻʧԭء
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ˪ԲڣͻȻ


1740 ԶϢ
죡
ٶȿ쵽˼޵Եʣ
ʱһͻȻڳ쳹
ת˲
Ҷ˪ԲڵĿռͻȻи˿ռ䣬ЩӰ

ڼֵһ̣ҶףڱˣڱǾҪˣ
ԣֱӶ
ΧЩռӰиһ˲
䣡
һڳͻȻ쳹ֱӽΧڵĿռرһ̣ڵĿռΪһ޴ռڶ
š
䣡
һըڿռڶ֮쳹ת˲Ӱ׷˳ȥ
ӰȻҶ˪
һĻһԵҵɫʱȻϣҶ˪ʤģΪ˴ҵδֻҪ˪Ҷڣû澳ǿߣţõĽұضµԻͣ
Ҷ˪츳Ǳȫ
ǣӮȻʱڲ⣬δҿɾûǿˡңѾ̬վҶ˪ߣʤŹ
ԣϣ˪Ҷʤġ
Ȼ˿̣ǿϣ
Ҷ˪ȫǱѹƣ
ԶҶ˪ͣҶͷ˿Լ壬壬˿ѾơѪЩ֮
Ҷһ˪˿̣˪ѪȻҲ˺صˡ
Ҷָһö˪ǰ˪Ҳûзϻֱ¡
ʱԶͻȻǰʮɴʱ֮ǰҲЩǱϣ⣬Ѫצӡ
Ȼڸղһν֮УȻʤˣǣҲ˵ˣ
ˣҶ˪жʱһɡ
Ϊζ޵еģǻ˵ģֻҪˣǾͻлᣡ
Զ˿ԼϵĽצӡȻ̧ͷԶ˪Ҷ𣿡
Ҷ˪㻹𣿡
˪΢΢ͷУóĻеأ
ҶЦҲһУһóе󣡡
һã˪
Ҷ˵ͷã
䣬ͻȻϣ΢΢ɲǼ䣬ұ֮ϵ˲仯Ϊޡ
˿̣Ҷֿûʲôر֮ʱַŽɫϣûԥֱӽ˺
˺µһ˲ҶͻȻţͻȻһɫĻۣԣɫĻ۸Ƥ仯ɣ
ս֣֮
ʱҶѾûа취ˡľ糬̫̫ˣ˼ʱҲ˲֪ꡣĶ֡
Ҷֳֽɫ֮ҶֿʼҲֲΧĿռ侹ȻҲʼͬʱҶɫʼˡ
Ҷٶڿʼ鶯ţ·ڳʲôʹһ㣡

˿̣ҶоԼ֮гȻȴǲң֮ǿܵļޡ
µǣоõ֮еԽԽǿ·ûһһ㣡
Ҷ֪ȥ಻ʱͻᱻű壡
һĻԶüͷһ̣ܵΣյĸоΣյĸоȻһ߸ġ
һ̣еࡣ
Ҷ˪ʱӣҲǸʸҶ˪ǣɵ˿̵ҶѾΣյĸоʱ֮ģǾˡ
ʱҶͻȻסľȻʱľͻȻҲ
ų⣡
ľųֱۣ
Ҷͷеľһ£ȻҶ군
䣬ľƽȥ
ҶһǿѹסȫֵĲʣȻ̧ͷԶԣ
䣬ҶͻȻʧԭء
һɲǣ
ٶȻٶȣǣѾ
ת˲Ҷǰͬʱѵִ˴üλãܿ죬ͣΪָסҶĽ
Ȼסһ˲ɫȻ䣬ҪָϧѾˡ
ͣ
ֱָӷ˳ȥͬʱֱӱǧɿ⣡
һĻ˶סˡ
Ҷôǿˣ
˿̣𾪵ԸӡҪ֪澳εǿߣƬһˣΪϵǧ棬ûгֹ澳֮ϵǿߡ
ǰйǣûУ
Ҷأ
ҶֻһھϣʮǧǣһȻֱָҽǧɡ
ǾԲһܹһһ澳ǿߵġ
˿̣˪ҲһĨ𾪣ȻҶղһõΪ֮ˡ֮ǳǳҶң
ǴģΪңֻҪõҶκһһͲ췴ɹϧǣҶݲҶ
һƶˣ˽֮Ȼǲġ
ԶһԼָȻԶҶһ̣û˰ӡղһ˲˵Ŀ죬һϵĻǺ
ʱҶͻȻŽȥ㲻ǻ컻һҿ
˫΢Уһƺâһһֳ̣ǰһ̽ȻһӣɲǼ䣬ҶܵЩռͻȻر䶯
ʱҶͻȻٽһ
ڳһɲǼ䣬ΧЩڱ䶯Ŀռֱӱ
һĻɫʱ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǰȻһ˹ȥ
ûκλʽһ򵥵һ£
Ȼһٵ˶ʮ
һΣҴ⣬ӿȻǰһ̽͵һա
һգΧĿռ˲ŤһУҶһֱ֮С
䣡
һҶΧĿռٴαһΣǱĿռ䲢ûڱ޸ΪҶǿռڶ֮дս
˵̫ǿǿط޷޸
ռڶ֮УҶڼսռڶ֮⣬˪˫ͻȻ
һ̣һɼǿϢ˪ϯ
ϢֺԶڹսɫͻȻˣԶϢôܡ


1741 ɱ㣡
£˪󣬳һͷõĺɫˡ
ͷɫˣͲ󣬵ɢĿֲϢȴõڳ˶ܵļ¡
һԵ˫Բ֮ɫôܡ
ʱҶҲͣĿ˪ͷɫϡ
䣡
ʱԶ˪ȻǷ䣬ôģ
һԣҶ棬ʲôǷ䣿
һߵԼҲ֮ԼǲڷϿɣϿɡ
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵϿɣͺñǸСһֻйϵﵽһ̶ȺŻԼͷڷԸɣԼ׸ܹ䣬һӶûΣ
Ҷ
˵ͷΪζںϲڷӦûȫںǲڷǣҲԲһֿܹġ
ʱԶ˪ͻȻ棬֪ࡣ
濴һ˪Ϊʲô߰һĽԼ׸㣡
˪΢΢ҡͷ˵ҲԸ˵˵ţҶһ֣
䣬ҽһ壬һֱ̣ӻһڹ⳯ȥ
ͬʱһ̶ķڳ쳹
ת˲˪Ѿǰһ̣һֻɫצЯļµ˹ȥ
һĻɫʱһ䣬һ̣һɫǹУת˲ǹ̳
䣡
һըڳкȻ쳹˵Ŀ֮Уֱӱǧɿ⡣ͣбھѪ
һĻ˱ˣ
Ҷ˿ҲЩ𾪣˪ղһצһ㶼˿Ůˣĺǿ
Ĭһ˲Ҷջ˼ȻһԶȥ˪Ҳûзϻֱӻһڹ⳯ȥ
˳Լ˫΢Уг֮ɫʱ˿̣ѾȫҶ˪ԼͬױĶˡ
˪Ҷ֣ҲȷʵѾܹвˣ
Ҵ⣬ӿӿ϶ʱɢһɿֲϢϢ籩һ㳯Ҷ˪ϯȥ
ƾϢȻǲѹסҶ˪ģˣϢ󣬻ǹӰ
ҶֽеľȻǰһ
ͣ
ǹϢʱ˺һӣЩǹӰҲǱеĽ˺ѿת˲Ҷ˴һǰ
˪ҲǲʾһצӳһצֱӽǰǹϢǹӰ˺ѷ飬ţҶԣȻ̧һġ
צ
һĨһֽ̣еǹ͵ؾһɨ
䣡
һɨԲǧڵĿռǾһ
أ
Ҷ˪ֱӱسǧɣȴֱӱҶ˪ǧɿ⡣
ȻȴЦ
˪ҶЦҵóϣڵ֣ȷʵû취ǣԼ𣿲ǡӵ˲ǵվʧģʧһ̣ʲôҶԿ
ʧ
Ҷ˪һۣ˳Ĭ
Ϊ˵һ㶼ûӵ˲Լǻʧġңò˶þͻʧرҶڵѾܲסЩ
ȥһ˪ʧʱǸĶ֣
Ĭһ˲˪ͻȻһȻҪ֡
䣬һֱʧԭء
ҶҲҽһ棬Ȼ˻һ
ֺ󣬳еʱȫѹˡ
ѹƣ
ǣ˭ԿȻҶ˪ѹǣȴɱ
Ͼ澳εǿߣսʶ棬ҪԶҶ˪ģˣҶ˪Ȼѹǣȴ޷ɱ
һȥϵҶ˪ʧʱҶ˪Կ
Ҷ˪ȻҲ֪ˣ˴˿̿˵ʹȫʧ֮ǰնɱ
ԱߵЩֻܿţּսǸ޷͡
ʱһһȥеԽԽء
ΪҶ˪ȻĽڽڰˣǣǲңǵȻܹ˿̵Ҷ˪ѾЩԾˡ
֪Ҷ˪ܿҪԼļˡ
ޣ
һ˵ʧǳеľ˲ת
أ
ʱҶ˪ͣ
˿̣ҶɫҰףŤ˪ţһͲ
ôûˣʱԶЦǲʼڷˣ
˪Ҷô㣿
Ҷһǿѹסǿ񱩵ȻȻǸ
˪һҶȻеģ
Ҷתͷһ˪Ůȣ
˪Ĭһ˲ȻңһñսȻɱҲΣյģҵ˼𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˪˼˪һս󻹱һսΨˣǲǰȫģΪ˪ұ֤˻ûġ
֮⣬ңǸʱʱ룬ֶûսĻ˾ֻܵˡ
ʱ򣬾ǿεʱˡ
˭ȥƴ˭ʵ
һܴ⣡
Ϊƴһɱ϶Ҳƣûսʵ
Ҷ˪ţܿ죬˪ɣ
ʱҶҡҡͷɣ
˪̬̬ǣ˪̬ˡ˪̬ˣȻҪ̬˾棬Ҿ棬·ǴҾһ·
磬ûɵӡ
˵꣬Ҷȥɱܶ澳ǿߣǣûɱ澳εǿߣ죬ԣ
¡
䣡
ͻȻȼ׼ȷ˵屻һɻסˡ

սľһƣǾ
սľ𣬶޷ɱһ𶼲Сǣأ
ľûų
ȻֺҶɫӲ԰ˡ
ֳܼ޵֣һ̣оԼҪըˣ
ҶһȻԶһ
䣡
һ潣˲ǰ
ɫȻ䣬ǹ͵ش̳
䣡
һըеǹȻѣͬʱֱӱǧ⡣
һͣ
ǲ
ֱӹѿѪţ˵Ŀ֮УȻѡת˲Ʈ˳Ȼת˲һʧʡ
ٶȿ쵽˼£˪ûӦ
ʧԶҶָѾص˺ڡ
ȻҶȴǳֱֱȥ
ܿ죬ҶоһϮܿ죬оԼ˽һĻС
סȻ˪
Ҷ˪û˵Ϊо˿˵ûˡ
۾Ҫʱ˪ͻȻסĺ
Ҷ˪Ϊʲô
˪ֱҶɱ㣬Ҿûܹвˡ
䣬ֿʼҶʱɰױϡ


1742 ޵У
˪ĻҶ˫ۻ
ûзҲ޷
Ϊ˿̵Ѿˡ
ʲô
ʲôû롣
˯
ھֻ˯˿̵ƣ˼㣬Ѿƣ˼¡˯úõ˯һ
ۣ
ۣĸۣ
У˶ڿ˪
ֻҪ˪΢΢ҶԴͻң涼ȲˡΪҶ̫Զˣңʱ򣬾ҶҲ޷ʲô
˪᲻֣
ʵ˵˪ֵġΪңҶһ澳ǿ߿вҶҾûܹ֮λ
ɱǲɱ
˵ע£˪ͻȻջ֣ȻҷϢκ˲ôţ
˵⣬ͻȻ̧ͷһʣĬһ˲һĨ˿ҽɫ䱸ǿߣٶȸϻңΥߣɱ⣡
е˵˵ͷȻתʧԭء
ԭأ˪ãȻ鷳Ÿտʼ
˵꣬һʧԭء

Ҷ۾
ˣ
ʱһԱߴ
ҶתͷȥֻԶĴڴվһɫȺŮӡ
Ůӣ˪
ҶɨһܣȻû
˪תҶ
Ҷ˪ʱô֣
ΪʲôҪ֣˪ʡ
ԣˣңûܹļ֮λвˡҶ
˪ߵҶߣȻţҾв𣿲ûУΪûҼߣ˲˪˪ˡ
Ҷ˪ãȻ죡
˪΢΢ͷ죡
Ժڣ˲ζԷڴ֮ǰ˪˶ǻ䱸ġڣ֮Ѿα˴ˡ
𣿡ʱ˪
ôҶʡ
˪ȥһط
Ҷ룬Ȼҵʱ䡣
˪΢΢ͷҵ㡣
˵꣬ת˷䡣
ϣҶ˫۱
壡
ȻѾѣǣ˲ûг׻ָӦ˵ءΪ˿̵ָûСۿ˿Լұۣ˿̣ұѾǰǰ㳹׳ȥ
ȻΪŷԵʡ
֮ǰһնʱæ÷Լֱ۸ӡˡΪǸʱս۵ǿҪű塣
Ȼӡǣսеõصˡ
ãкڣû˼
޸壡
˿̵Ҫľ޸壬޸˵Ȼʲô¡
ں޸£彥ָ
ʱҶ˷䣬⣬˪
˪һҶˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ࣡
˪ҶãȻ̬ĵطʵ޸޸ҵĲ֮Ȳϣ
֮Ҷʲô
˪һ޸ġ
ѹ֣
Ҷ˵ͷ˪Ҳ˺صˣȻûأҲᣬ˪ȴһ¶ûСȻǲ֮Ĺͣ
߰ɣ
˪˵꣬תȥ
Ҷȥ
˪Ĵ£һĹأĹغܴ棬鲼һĹ
ǿĵط˪Ǻܶ඼޷ڽһľջһĨһЩΪҶսġ
ʲôҶʡ
һˣ
˪˵ţĹȥҶԥ£ȻҲȥ
ܿ죬һƾɵéݳ˵ǰéݵǰһߣһϮƾɵĳۣǳۣ֪δϴѾԭɫˡ
ʱһϸСĵһʯϵʲô
˪΢΢һ񣬡˪档
ŵ΢΢һ٣תͷҶ˪ĿҶϡĬһ˲񣡡
ʲôҶʡ
һԳԺҪ޵еСӣջĿ⣬š
޵У
Ҷ֪Է˵ǸסҶߣǰʶ
ߵ˵ͷʶûϲص棬ö֮еˡ˵⣬˶٣ȻֵǸ˲šҴӿʼڣ¾츳ܹȣ⣬ǿԻԻ͵ġ
ʱ˪ԺһԻ͵ģ
ߵͣˡ
Ĭãתͷһ˪Ҷѵãûһ
Ҷû
ԭˣ
΢΢ͷȻ֪˵⡣Ѿ˵ҵ飬Ҳͣ˭ҶûԣǿԷġ
˵꣬߼̡
˪ĬãȻѵһֻ𣿡
ߵȻеģмܹ׵ľ飿ֻǡѾͷ˵ʵ㣬ϷһѾĶˡȻͬңǣҵѪԵѾû˰ɣ
˵⣬˶٣ֵңϷϲ׵顣˵˵ʲô壬ʲôȨǸơֻлŲġ
˪˵ͷˡ
˵꣬Ҷ߰ɣ
Ҷһߣ˪Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻСӣ㸸׻𣿡
Ҷͣ½ŲߣȻҡҡͷ֪ô
ߵҲûʲô˵ҵĵãû뵽ȥ˾Ϳˡ˵ϷļҲȥˣ˵Ҫġ
Ҷ
һӺҶ˪뿪ƬĹء
ԭأ˪һȻԵҶӽԺңֻܿˡ
Ҷҳ˱ʣ˴ʲôӦ
ȻҪ֮ˣ
˪Цʱ˶۸һ¡ѾյϢӮңңңԼ½ң⼸Ѿʼҵĵ̶ˡûôĿŵ
׼ôҶ
˪Ҷأ
ǼҶ
˪ֱҶҲǣ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
˪ӽԺҲĳ˵ңǴҵҡ㣬˿ҵػߣȨλͬҼ
ҶҪ˵ʱ˪ֵ֪˵ʲôܾҪףʵ޷֤ϵİȫ𣿡
ҶĬΪ˪˵ʵ
ʱ˪ֵѾǰϵ⣬ǻὫ˶ϵǣӽԺ󣬲Ҷˣˣ
Ҷ˪û˵
ʱ˪ͻȻסҶֱۣ߰ɡ
ȥģҶʡ
Ĭһ˲˪ǷһĨЦݣ׵Ļ˵ǵǻ
Ҷ


1743 ػ
ǻ
Ҳ׵ĻʼңǣǻҪġȻ˭֪Ҽ
һ
ǡ
ʱǣѾָյķңڵҲ˺ܶ࣬Ϊǿ߶Ѿ˪ٻء
˶֪Ҹĳˡ
ԴˣȻû˸ġңΨһֻλ澳ε棬ȻλڶûгֹȻԷûˡ
Ҳ˵˪ΪҼѾǰ϶¡

˿̣õĺϲ죬Ҳǳ֣رǸ˪Щˣ˿̵ǣ˵ǿ˪λȻҲˮǴߣˣʱǸ
ӭ
һڵ˪˴ϷԣҶ
˪ɨһ·ˣȻĿ·ϣߴûһ𣿡
˪Ĭһ˲Ȼҡҡͷ
״Цݽʧˡ
һ£κһ¼λҶǰصġȻΣߴңûһ
ʱͻȻ˵⣬⣬һ߳˵С
ߣҶʶҴϣ
Ҵк󣬶˪˱ȭ˪СΪҼ
˪һҴϣȻǴˣǴң
ȻǴң
Ц˪С㣬Ҵ˪С㣬ΪһЩ飬ǰǣҶûж⣬ǰûУҲûСңԸұǰĹϵһַ
˪΢΢ͷҲԸұǰĹϵһַ
ϵ˵ͷȻҶ٣Ұãٲصģʱ䣬Ҳʱȥҿʱӭ
Ҷ˪ȻҪ𾴵ģ˼һǿ澳εǿ߶ܻܵġˣһ澳һΣһ
˵ڵҶ˪ϵǧ棬˲֪˲ġ
ǧһ仰˭ǿǶ
ǣȻָҶ˪
ҴϵĻҶ΢΢ͷȻһȥġ
Цʱӭλǣ
˵꣬䲻ͣתҪߣʱ뵽ʲôת˪˪С㣬һԡ
˵˪
ϳҴΣ
˵꣬תֱʧ˴С
УЩĬˡ
һᣬ˪Ҷأ
ҶҲΣա
ȻΣգ
˪ָЦ֪һ仰𣿽УƥҾ֮ǰ£ʵ½࣬˵ʱ򡣵ǣ⻹Ҫǳֵԭ򡣡
ԭʲôҶʡ
˪Ҷң
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
˪ҵ츳Ҫֵԭڵľ磬ǻ澳εǿߡһҴﵽ澳ΣĶأˡҳ׳ɳ
˵⣬ЦЦʱûжģ㲻ȥ˺ˣǣֻҪ˾вͻ취Ū㡣
Ҷ˵ͷǳͬ˪ĻʵڵСʱѾˡܶʱٺãǻΪ˵ж
ԣ
˪תͷ·ЩǿߣҴϵĻҲˡھһ⣬Щҿ϶ҧһڡԣλѵʱڣҪʱ׼ôһӲ̣
У˵˵ͷϣû˿η塣
ȻΪںģʵ֮ǰǣ˻ѪġңȻûһλ澳ǿߣǣһҶ˪
ڣ˾ң
˪ֽһЩ󣬱õȥ
ʱҶҵķħѪΪҺٿã⣬һֱ⡣ΪǷħѪȷʵʾʵǣ˽ʱֱЩ˶ûã
˪΢΢ҡͷѾԼķħѪˣ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
˪ħѪȷʵڶʱ˵ʵǣһ׶ˣǾʧõԽΣǾͻԽˣ㸸׾飬ѹƷħѪȻһ׷ԽħѪȥҲ˶ԸеΪǿ͵͵
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷѹֺѹķħѪѡΪǷǳ޴ġ
Ҷ⣬˪ˣ
˪΢΢ͷ
Ҷɫһʱ˪ѾΪһĸ꣬ҲˣҪ޸Ҹõ壬ûаǲܵˡꡭ۷ʱڣǰҲ㲻ʲôˡ
Ҳǣ
ҶЦЦˡˣ˵ϵû
˪΢΢ͷͻȻǰĿռ˲Ĭһ˲ҶǣѾˡ
ʱ⣬һȺ˳Ҷǰ
ȺʱҶ˫˲ʪ
Ϊ׵ʫŮڵŮʫԣϦ£½գѩ㡭
˶ˣ

ʱʫԵѩһ¾ܵҶǰȻֱҶĻС
ŻеѩҶǷһĨЦݣѩȻʫŮǰŮҶ˿ޱġ
ʱ˪ͻȻ˿Ҿǵļҡ
Ҷתͷ˪˵ͷã
ԭûʲôУΪ壬̫棬̫˽̫飬֮ǰǾԲʫŮġڣţ˪ıң
ҲҪΪʫŮһ֮
ǿ
˪Ŀ꣬ҲҶĿꡣ
˪˳˴⣬˪һҲһ˰
ղҶʫŮʱӣˡһ̣ĺ𾪡ΪҶۿʪġ
УãҶˣӦĲǣ飬ҲޡϾǿΪ磬Ů˴ʱֻ˵ġ
һʵˣǲȱŮ˵ģ£һǲŮ̫ġȻҶı⡣˿̣׵ҶΪλὫĥˣ
ΪЩŮˣеۣ
˪һȻ̧ͷʣĬãͻȻóһϸСЩرϸСһԲԲĶԲԲĶǳ⻬ƾӣ⾵棬ϸС룬һ˳ʱķʽƶš
еã˪һǷػġ


1744 ˭˭Ӯ
ļʱҶʲô¶ûרʫŮ
ʵѡĻԸѡʫŮƽƽӡ
ȨǮûʲô
Ȼƽ˵һݳޣ
ɽĺŮԣڻʱҲմЩǻҪġ
ǿ
ϵıǿΪֻܹţܹԼˡ
Ҷ
ʱҶҵػߣҲԼĸۡң⸮ۡһ㶼˪ĸۡСң˪ȻҼǣҶеĵλһ㶼͡
ԺС
ʱڿԺУѩСŮšСŮԶҶҶԣʫŮ
ҶԵĵŮȻҲˣ
Ů΢΢ͷ
Ҷԥ£ȻһǱ컭ꪳУ컭ꪵݸ˵ŮҾãҸʺ
ýģ÷컭ꪣеŤģΪֻң
Ůһǰķ컭ꪣûоܾס˷컭ꪣձס컭ꪶʱһһĻҶüͷ
컭ꪲϿɵŮҲû취飬ǽԸģ
ʱǷ컭ͻȻƽ
ţһâû˵Ůü䡣
ãŮҶ˫
Ҷ˵ͷǿ
Ů΢΢ͷ˵
Ҷһ۵ŮʫЦЦŮˣǸƺ«ϲ˵ãŮ󣬲ûʲôìܡҲĵ飬ΪԺĻ۵ġ
ãŮദĻܺã
ǳܣŮͻȻ
Ҷ㶣Ȼ˵ͷ
Ů΢΢ҡͷᣡ
ʱʫҲ֮ǰҵ˸˵˵֮ǰҪȥϵв㣬㣬ϧսȫµˣеѹԼϡ
˵⣬ߵҶǰȻҶգ֪֪ҵΪʲôϲ𣿡
Ҷסʫ֣ЦΪ˧𣿡
ʫ΢΢ҡͷΣҵ㣬Ҿãһˣ˧ĲҲʵΣһˣʵǿǣûθУûеУҲǷһ
˵⣬˶٣ֵ㵱ǳһָͿɱ㡣ǣҾãˡΪΪԼĸףΪԼãδ㵣ԼΡ
ҶĬ
ʱʫͻȻס֣ȻֵǲᳳܵģᳳܣҲͲˡ
ҶסʫŮ֣飬ã
һҶûʫŮǽ˺С

ʫϵθˡҪ뵣ԼΣΨʵ
һսõҶԼʵǿߣ첻вÿһңּǿߡ⣬Щš
˪֣ţǵľܲǣʵǿԿġ
磬һЩˣԳǡ
ûнݾ


һУĽ֮ôǿٶô죬Ϊ򡣶ķǿʾġ簵֮֮ԱҪǿܶܶ࣡
һõĽȻ
Ҫ򣬳
һΣ˽
ڽڣܹõĸܷ֮ռ䣬ܿռ뽣ڸܿռ䣬ǾΪڽڸܿռ䣬ԸܵռһУ
º
Դ˪ҼͻȻʼһϵеĸĸ
ǰЩĸ϶ǻ˷ģڣң˪˵һģûκ˸ҷԡͬʱ˪Ѿٻ澳ǿߣ
С
Ϸ˪ڴ·ҵ澳ǿߡʱ澳ǿߣȫ
е澳ǿߣ࣬ʮλݣʣ֮УٵġΪںģҵ澳ǿ̫̫ˣ
˵˵ӮҵĶɣ˪
վ˳ݼ⣬ңѾڶӵеЩ翪ʼ֣һʼǻôĿŵڣѾʼȻȥռЩ硣
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵռҪǵûеֿȫЩ硣ֻǡ
ֻǻ˾Һ۸𣿡˪
˵ͷӦ֪һζãûõģһֱãֻǺ۸ǻӵĵôߡңҵʿҲһִ
˪ɨһڳˣȻǵȻһζạ̃ҪġǣôǴ򣡡
Ҫô򣡡ʡ
˪Ĭһ˲ȻǵʵѾ޷ȥסЩңǿȥأʧЩңʧǵ澳ǿߡԣֻܷЩңԴסǵ澳ǿߣ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ֮ôҴصΪǲܽɢҪǵšһɣȻڸЩһ
⣬˵˵ͷ˪˼
ڵңʵ֮ǰǿȥЩ磬ض۽ˣ˪ϷЩ磬סҵЩ澳ǿߡ
ûˣԺǣûˣȻԺҲǣһ澳ǿ߿ɲôġ
ʲôʱ򷴻Уʡ
˶˪
ȻҪģӹɵģȻһֱȥҲҪʧܶ磬˾Һ۸ʱܾͲֹЩҵˡܱһЩСҲһţ
У˪Ĭһ˲˵ͻȻ˵⣬˿̣Ҷ˴ſڡ
˵ĿⶼҶϡ
ˣ˪ʡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻֻȥ˰£ǣںڣѾ¡
˪һҶȻʵǿˣ
ҶЦǰɣ
˪΢΢ͷȻղǵĻӦöˣأ
Ҷɨһ۳еˣȻҵһ򣬲ҪݺݵĴ򣡡
Ը꣡˪
ҶߵУȻλСʱӦöܣȺŹһ֮ǾԴ򲻹ô˵ģ֮£ֻץסһֻǲŲԿ֮䣬ܶʱǣ˭˭Ӯ
˵⣬һȻֵԣһ̣ҪݺݵĴ򣬲ùңץסһ򣡡


1745 Ż

гĬ
ʱͻȻݺݵĴǻԷܾˣֻ֮
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ǣǻѡʱȥǽͣ˵λӦҲ֪ɣʱûбѡֻս
ܾ˵ĺ
ֱҶһԷܾˣǳأ
ҶЦЦȻɨһڳˣĿϣλڻҵĴڵĴǣľǻһǾֻ
ҶĻĬˡҲĬˡ
ҶԣڵңѾ˾
򣬻ϣֻ
ʱҶֵҪûɱ¾ȣɱ¾ʵҪûսսƴҲƴʱǲˣһˣ˭鷳Ǿֻиɣݺݵĸɡ·꣬ʤǺʤ
˵꣬Ҷһ
ңѾϿˡϣܹáΪʫŮ˶˪ǲˣ˵Ǻܺõѡ
ǰѡ˽磬ʫŮߣǣᡣ
ܶʱ򣬲Ҫ˰㣬ȥˣ˱ˣ˲ſ㣡
ˣһζȡҲи
Ȼˣǲѵġ
У˳Ĭ
ʱ˪ͻȻλ𣿡
˻ǳĬ
˪Ҳ˪Ҷһãκκ⣬Ƕ
ߣܻһǣҲпܻһ˪ȥһߡ
·ҡҡͷû
ҲҡҡͷȻΪûиõİ취
˪˵ͷȻλûǾôˡڳλҵĺţλᱳңҲûɱңڼ䣬κ˲뿪ҡȥɣ
˶֮󣬴ֻʣҶ˪
˪ߵҶǰȻѡһң
Ҷļ
ң˪
ҶǾң
˪΢΢ͷȥȥ
ҶȥɣҾͿˡ
ʲôҪ𣿡˪
ҶøղЩȫȥ
˪˵ͷԡʲôʱ
죡Ҷ
˪ֱҶãȻŻ
һҶЦ
˪΢΢ͷϢһ£ȥ׼һ¡
˵꣬תҪ뿪ʱͻȻͣţ촽ȴû
һᣬҶ˵ͷˣ
˪΢΢ͷȻ뿪˴
˪뿪Ҷڵأ˺ڡ
һ֮УҶһƬɭУ˫΢գ˲ʮϢͻȻ˿
ɲǼ䣡
͡
ҶΪģԲǧڵƬɭͻȻ˹ͺһƬ
һɲǣ
һɲǣ
ǣһٶȣѾȵǿ̫̫ࡣûǿ̫࣬ٶϣѾʵı仯ΪĿռ䷨Ѿʾ
ھµĿĿռ䷨ҲڽİĿռ䷨򣬼İ֮õٶһ
˵Ҫɱ澳ǿߵĻ澳εǿߣҪ
һ͹ˣ
ϧ֮ʱ䷨ûеõȻĽٻܹ죬ر֮һٶٻһ
ڵٶȶѾ˿ֲһǾԿԶ澳εǿвϧǣٶȷûҵͻƿڡ
˵ƿ֮ƿȻһЩʱ䣬аͻƵġڣѣֻʱ¡
ǰûʲôУڣʫŮҪһܷҸպúʣȻʫŮңȻļң
ڼ޸ƯʫŮڼƯ
ںϢһϺ󣬵ڶ죬Ҷһ磬Ҷ뿪˺Ȼ
˿̣˪ѾȺڴˡ
˪ԣҵǿߣһʮλУ澳Ķǿߣλ澳ǿߣʮλģ඼澳澳һΣ

ʱ˪ָָľˣʮ˸ȥ
ҶɨһˣȻ׼𣿡
ʮ˵˵ͷ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻ֮УǰһЩжԹǣЩѾҪҶһŲµˣȻȥˣǾ͹ȥˡڣϣܹͬЭŽһ£ΪûˣǴҶΪɥ֮Ȯ
ʱǳϵվ˳Ҷүǰ飬ЩϼһĲصҲл㲻׷顣ԣȥѾȥڿʼЩϼһȫ˪С㡣
Ҳͬص˵ͷҶԣûˡڳˣɥ֮ȮûϣΪɥ֮Ȯ
һԣ˪Ҷ΢΢˵ͷԭЩĵģҶŲµһЩԹڿǶˡ
ʵڶҶƢҲ˽һЩҶ˵Ƣú˵ͻúö˵ԳϴͻԳϴ㡣
ǣҪǸݵģݣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻλ߰ɣ
˵꣬һʧԭءҲʧ˳С
ʮһϢ뿪˴
У˪ָĿֱӵ⣬֪ʲô
δ½
δ½ҵһ磬֮Уǵڶģһģҵ硣
Ȼȥҵ磬ΪҵĴӪиǿ󷨣ҵһЩϹȥ˼磬š
ҶһεĿģ⶷δ½Ϊһǿ⶷δ½ܹ˲ЩǿߵĻҾǷǳ˵ġ
һһʳһһģ
սҲҪսģ
Ƕǿߣûã˱˶δ½˵ʵȻǿϢǱ붷δ½ġȻϢǱ붷δ½ʱ
ͻȻδ½Ͽճһ޴ĹĻ
󷨣
ɫʱˣʱһͻȻ˶𣺡ҶǵǺܾˣ



1746 ֽϻ
ǵ£ҶܣͻȻ˶ʮߡ
ʮߣȫ澳ǿߣ
Ϊ׵ģһӣ澳Ķεǿߣ
澳ĶεҴϣ⣡
ЩʱҶ˶ʱЩѿݣֱѹǰ
Ҷ벻ɣЦ
Ҷһ⣬ȷʵеû뵽
û뵽Ļкܶ࣬˳֣ɣ
䣬ҶһͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾ
һĻɫޱȵѿ
˳
ҽɵңʵʵʵȨȻȴң
Ϊʲô˳
˳Ĭһ˲Ȼ֣汻ȥУǿʧã˿̵ңĻδ𣿡
˵⣬Ҷ˪С㣬ȷʵţǣãӮЩ壬ɳ𣿲ģӮЩ壬ǲɳġԣҸѾûδ
˳ˣ
˳ڹãϿܾûˡ
뻹˵ʲôҶȴǰ˰֣˳ˣһӣܲЩûлڸĵġǣЩǿԻڸĵġڵĴԻڸġͷһ
˳ҶãȻܻͷˡҲͷ
£ͻȻ˫ԲУ֮ɫ
ʱҶȻܻͷǾ͵ͷɣ
ת˲һ紵˳ԴһᣬӲϵ
Ѫ
˶סˡ
ܿ죬ǿɫǰδеΪղһǶûп⡣ʵǸܵһ㣬ǣǿңΪǴ
ȻʵǲǴ
ʱҶͻȻһӣɲǼ䣬ΧĿռͻȻţʮ澳ǿ߳ܡ
ʮ澳ǿߣҵǿߣ
һĻɫѿˡ
Ҷ֪˳ǵˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ촽˶ΪҶҪ˵Ȼһ̣ɫ䣬һɿֲϯֱõΧĿռһ
ܿ죬ΧĿռָƽ
УȴǽӲת˲ԴӲϵ
һĻǿɫ䣬˿̣еѾԸӵĵز
û򣬾澳ɱˣ
Уһ澳Ķεǿ߰澳Ķεǿߣôɱˣ
ʱԶҶͻȻһӣȫɱˡһ
£˹ϳ֡
Ҷûг֣óöʯ£˿̵Ѿ޷ˡһɲǣ󣬵ǣҲ󡣴˿̣Ѿף
˿Ҳ֣ΪֻҪվͻЩǿһεѹȸСЩˣȻ˽֣ǣһ󲿷ݾϵġ
˭ҶͻȻ
£ЩǿȻвˡ
һʱҶʮλ澳ǿȫ¾ߣ澳ǿߡ
澳ʮѾǳǳֵˡҲҶָԵʣȻߣĻࡣ
ǰǿʬ壬ҶĬãȻǴؼúðᣬ˵ĺԺصչˡ
˵ͷȻ˵ʬţЩǿߵʬ壬Щأ
ҶһЩǿߵʬ壬ȻԴȻ󴮳Ǻ«͵ȥ
˵꣬Ҷתʧԭء
ҶĻЦЦ˵
ʵǲ̫ôġΪôڼŭҡҲ֪ҶںЩҶҪ壬ң
ңң
ȻҽЩǿߵԴ͵Һǧ𾪡
ҿʼˣ
Щ֪һᷴģΪ֪ҲԴСǣû뵽ҵķ˵ֱӾôǿߣһЩ˵ͷ͵ҡ
ƣ
ƣ
ͬʱ˻һ㣬ǾǣȻڴãңӮڴҵ⣬ǣҸ̬ǣҲ£
ҲҶΪʲô뽫Щǿߵͷ͵ҵԵʣ
ҪˣҲ£
ΪҶѪֶΣҿʼˡȻûнҵЩóȴҲûмռұˡȻЩ磬ҵǿ߶Ѿ˳ǣȴûȥռˡ
ڵҵ˪˪Щһ˽ġ
һʵŮˡ
ȻҪҶ˪ֶΣҲʵǣô衣Ҷˡ˳׵׵ľǸͷ࣬һ׵׵ķӣ
˵Щڼɵң˵ڼɵҶˣ
ڣ˪ҶֵΣҶкܴȨȻΪںģʵǰǣϾЩ̵ġ
ҼҶû˲ɵ
Ȼɵǣǿɲ
ҶڻһͷСķǣ׳ɳʱҿ϶ĵսľġң⣬Ҳ
棡
˲պλų׳ɳ⣬棬̫ʣʷʱˣǲܷġ
ǣҶɱǿߵʱӮңңң½ңؼͻȻʱˣҴһЭ飺ҲνİЭ顣
ͬˣ
ĿģȻԶ
֮⣬ӮҵһʼңҽҶŴʮ
磺Ҷڶδ½ɱҵǿߣ˶δ½ĳǣУǧҶǿߵСˣҶһš
ħͷ
֮⣬˵Ҷ˪Ҫưǧ档
һʱ䣬ҶҽΪǧʸ֮ġڣǧ˶ҶҵӡǷǳǳõġ
ӮҵҵҸûа취
ΪǼҼһȫۣ
ڣҵĴӲˡ
С
еǿ߶ڣҶҲڡ
УĬã˪ĿҶϣǧЩ˶ҵĲۣô
ĿⶼҶϡ
ʵ˶ҶĴ澴ġҶΪʱǺͷۣǣҶվһʱ飬ȴõǺˬ
ҶЦЦȻ˪أ
˪΢΢һЦֽϻ
Ҷ


1747 ҪͰɣ
˪ԣЩҵĲۣʵôҪ
ΪЩġ
ҪӮҵҵˣ
ʱ˪һʼӮҵңֻǱǳ֣ûй󡣵ڣѾ˺ԼߡԣڵĴ˵Ӧö˽⡣
˵˵ͷҵĴ֮ǰá֮ǰӮҵҲûйȻսڣǵˣѾͬս
˪ֵҲһĶ֣ǣһĶѡ˳飬ҲϣٴηȻҲţڳλȥĺ·
ҡҡͷǹˡ
˪΢΢ͷֻҪŽһģǣ
Ҷ˵ͷŽᣬǷǳҪġȻӮҵңǣֻҪŽᣬӮҵҾͲô׵ҡ
ǶԷǿߣ
ǣǲң
ΪЩȻˣǣǲȫζԷġ֮䣬ûԶѣֻԶ档ߣһԿǻпݼҵġ
ԣÿҿ϶һ֣
ע޷ЭԸң
⣬ҲҵĻᣡ
ʱ˪λȥɡʱȺҵ
˵˵ͷȻת뿪˴
ڣֻʣҶ˪
ҵδô˪
Ҷû̫࣬أ
˪ߵҶǰ㣬ңǷˣңרţʮǧ棬û˻ǵĶ֡ǡ
˵⣬תͷ˵⣬ΡҾҼһ̣ҾҵΡǱŮңǺ쳾ˣ޷Щǰר
Ҷ˵ͷ˻һû׵飬޵УҾҲûʲô˼ֻ㣬ҵи㣬ΪҪҵԼΣ
˪ҵЩˣ˸ң뿪֣ô죿츳ʵ´ȥã˭ҲסǣǲС
Ҷһ˪Ȼһرˣ
˪ЦҲǣʵ˵ҪϼңԸ
ϼңҶ⡣
˪ûʲôû´ӮҵӦþͻжˡʱ䣬úϢһ°ɡ
˵꣬ת뿪˴
УҶĬãȻԼĸУʱѩԺˣ
ԶڱıѩҶǷһĨЦݡûѩסںڣΪѩںгĻǼΪġ
ȣ̫Сһ϶ǴõģΣҲҪһ㡣ˣȺӶԶ࣬պĳɳǳĲã
ѩúҶ˺ڶ㡣
ڶ㣬⣬СŮСŮȻССߡ
ˣС
Ҷ˵ͷȻĿСߵϣҪ𣿡
С΢΢ͷһֱڶû´Ӧÿˡǡ
ʲôҶС졣
СҲЩġΪû˼ķɣڼ̫̫ãԣָܾĻʱĻңǻɢ
ԣҶɫ΢䣬ôأ
˵Ļأ
ʱһԵͻȻСӣ뾡콫ѾͷͻļңȻѾͷĻΣաһС鷳ʹȥˡ
Ҷ𣬡Ϊʲô
ΪѾͷݺ⣬ˣøϵӡѾͷϵĳ谮޷ġԣСӸϽͻȥɡҶеĵ
Ҷüݺˣ
ֹˣ
֪͵ԷٱˡҶԶԷ֡ѾͷѾͷ͵ˣǰ͵͵Ҫֱ
Ҷ
ֵģˡСӣ군ΪѾͷΪ㣬õԼɵġ
Ҷ˵ͷǳ˯СߡСͻȥģΪСߵĸ鷳ǣӦСߣҲӦߡ
ܶʱ˿޳ܣԶšǣеĳŵǻḶҲȥ֣
ĬúҶС죬أ壬Ӧû°ɣ
С΢΢һЦȻ£õң
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˴ϵСߣҵȻؼң
ʱҶٴοʼ
һΣû뽣硣
˵ԶԶʵԽǿԵ¾ͻ᲻һԵģ澳ǿߣһ澳ǿȻ壬ǣ澳ǿߣڻսġ
ȻӮ⼸ңһûϹ
ЩϹ׳ɽΪǶǸԼеĵơѵʱǲġǣ׳
һԷһֹһĻʱȥԸ
ʵ
ǰʱȥȥ򣬵ڣὫʱ򽣵
澳
Ŀľǳ澳ǿߣ
ֻҪﵽ澳ʵõһʱ䣬Ǹʱʵõ
磬򣬽
ʵĸ򣬽ѾƿʱڵõԣΨ磡
ǱˣҪ澳ǷǳѶȵġǶҶ˵ûôѡ
ΪѾǰˡ桱
澳ľһ桱֡
ָĳһﵽޣˣ棬˵ļһ㣬ﱾĿڼһ㣬Ƿ豹档
Ȼ˺ν棬ǣⲢ˵ϾͿԳΪ澳ǿߡҲҪһ̵ģ̣ûô򵥡
Ҷʱǧٴηһ¡
£ӮҸҿʼˡ
ԭǧңʮ磬ڣѾʧȥһˡ
ʧȥЩ磬ȻӮҵ
ңȴûаӦûлӦһЩǿ߶ٻ½
õ˾ˣ
ӮҵȻ͸ˣ
ÿһ̣ÿһϢҾͻһʧȥ
С
ǿ߶ڡ
гĬãվ˳Ϸ˪Ǹ
ҪͰɣ
һڳ
ɫһ䣬ȫԴ˵ʱסˡ
Ϊ˵ľȻҶ


1748 ԣŪ
ͣ
ҶȻҪͣ
˴˿Щ¡
ΪҪȥ͵ģҶڣȴҪ͡
ܲ
ʱҶߵ˵УɨһܣȻЦôܾȣ
˵˵ͷ
ҶЦⲻ֮˴˿̵뷨𣿡
˳Ĭ
ΪҶ˵û֮У֮⣬ΪǿҸ޷ͬʱӮҵȼΪСôȥҳҪܵġ
ΪҶ˪Եʣû˸
ʱҶλǵ˼Ҳ֪ڵʲôǣһ˵ͣǾӮЩһŹ𣿡
˵⣬ҡҡͷġңΪأҲ̰ڵңʱǲġĻᡣԣֻͣȡ衣
ǵҸΣʱһͻȻʡ
ҶһߣȻЦʵĺã⣬޷ش㣬ҪǿǼ˼˵ţ˪
˪ȻͣǾֻսˣôսǸ⣡˵⣬Ҷʲôð취
ҶĬһ˲Ȼս
ô˪ʡ
Ҷôô
˪Ƥ΢û˵
ҶЦЦȻǵʵȫǣӲƴһңʤˣҲǲʤԣֻɱ˾ܣ
ɱ˾ܣ˪üͷ
Ҷ˵ͷһΣҪǿȥֻҪһȥȿˡ
У
ʱһԵǶҵĶи⣬ҽٲ
Ҳǵ˵ͷʾͬҶ˪ԲͬʱġȻˣ
Ҷ֪ǵʲôǣˡֱԣֻ˪ܹϢЩ֮Уɱ֮ȫˡңǻһȻȻǵĻᡣǾǣʱЩҵϹＶǿ߻ֻʱǲܹǿȥԸ
뻹˵ʲôʱ˪˵ĶԣЩ廹û֮ΣˣЩϹＶǿ߲ʱǵʱ򡣾ͬǰ㣡
ԣ˳Ĭˡ
ĬһͻȻվ˳һǼ½أ
ʱҶһ죬ᵽԣǱһ쵽֮ǰǵڣǸˣ϶Ҫĥϣĥڣǽʱ򣡡
濴ҶãȻ˵ͷû˵ˡ
Ҳû˵ˡ
ʱ˪ͻȻʲôʱʼ
ҶЦȻԽԽá
Ǿڰɣ˪
⣡ҶЦ
Ҷ˪Ϣ뿪½֪˷ǳ٣ֻҵЩ澳ǿ߲֪
ããǿ֮С
Ҷ˪һǺ嫵ǿ֮д
Ҷһ˪һ̣ٶȶȻӿ죬˲佫˪˦󣬲һ̣˪ǳԡ
Ҷһ˪һ̣ٶٴμӿ죬һ̣ٶȿ쵽ֱӽ֮Ŀռ䶼˺˿
ٶȣ
Ȼ˪ԡ
Ĭһ˲Ҷٶȣ˪û뵽ٶô죡
˪ҡҡͷҵٶȣ죬Ӧ˵֪ʲôٶ𣿡
ʲôҶʡ
⣡
˪һž޴棬ٶģ٣Ŀǰ֪ġҵٶȣٶȣǱٶȣ̫̫࣡
Ҷһž޴棬Ȼǿ߱ٶȻ𣿡
˪˵ͷȻеģǿߣӦúٺ١Ϊһ˵ٶⶼܹԽôͺܿתδˡ
תδҶ⡣
˪ϼҵһۣ˵ٶȳԽ֮ͼпܿԼδӡ
Ҷüͷôܣ
˪һҶпܵģҪٶȳԽ⣬ѡ٣Ҽǿ֮Уûܹǿ԰ΪǵĿ꣡
Ҷ΢΢ͷ⵹ǿԣˣٶȿ쵽ʲô̶ȣ
˪ÿϢǧɰɣ
Ҷ㶣ȻûЦ
أ˪
Ҷ˹Ȼ̫ˡ
ÿϢǧɣ
Ҫ֪ڵٶȣÿϢҲͼʮɵľѡ⻹ӳ˺üַ֮ԵʡٶȣȻÿϢǧɡ
Ҷ̧ͷž޴Ļ棬Ȼ˪ô֪ٶȵģ
˵ģ˪
˵׼ȷ𣿡Ҷʡ
˪룬ȻȻ󲿷ݶں˵˵ǣеĻǿŵġ
Ҷֵղ˵ϼңϼҲǧ𣿡
˪΢΢ҡͷ
ģҶʡ
˪һСܶܶĵط
ǿ߶𣿡ҶȫΪһ汦
˪룬Ȼǿߵǲ࣬Щ⻹ͦġ
ʲô⣿Ҷʡ
˪һֻᱬը⣬ʵеŪֶӮϼţٺ٣ֺöĢƵġ
ʲôģҶʡ
˪룬ȻӦڳԽ澳׼ġ
Ҷһ˪ô˵ҶǸʲôϼҵеˡʱȥ
˪ҡҡͷ㻹Ǳȥˡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ȥˣϼҸŪûˣ˪
Ҷ
ʱ˪ͻȻʵ㲻ϲģ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
˪ΪԵжģȵҲжģϡٵĿϡٵĿжġ
Ҷһ˪ȻϼҵͦģȻֻܹ
˪˵ͷҲã
Ҷûڼ⣬һܣȻһΣãǸȥļң
˪Ĭһ˲ȻӮң
Ҷ˪Ϊʲô
˪ӮǼҽ˺һΣǵһηȻǵһηȻҪҲֻŪӮңܹЩ塣˵⣬ҶӦҲѡӮҵİɣ
Ҷ˵ͷûôࡣ֮ѡӮңΪҿǲˬܺƽģһƨ¶࣬Ϲ㣬ô£ԣŪ
˪


1749 ӣ
Ӯң
ӮҵĴ½λǧĵشĴ½˵ǧһ½ģҲǧд½֮һ
ĳǡ
ĳĴ½һǣҲӮҵܲ
峿
ԭƽĳǳһƽ飬ΪӮ澳ǿ߲ˡ
澳ǿʧķǳ죬ӮҿʼѰʱӮԽԽ澳ǿ߲ˡ
ʱ֣ӮѾ澳ǿ߲ˣ
ʱӮ֪鲻Ծˡ
ĵ
У˿̵ӮһЩﶼڣΪ׵ӮҼӮ죡
ϷӮҵ𣿡
·һҡҡͷ
Ӯ˫΢УڶӮҳ֣
ԣɫӮҳ֣
˭ҶӮҳ֣
ǧ棬ӮҵʵǿģȻųǱȽصĿݼҡǣǿݼңҲ׶Ӯҳֵġ
ڱңǾ͸ˡ
ѵңʱͻȻ
ң
ӮҲ͸ìܣҶ˪ԸǺпġرҶһһ첻µزµ
УĬúӮӮ澳ǿ߻ĵУĴ󣬷Ĵ½
ӮȥӮ澳ǿ߶ĵУͬʱĴ½ϿգһɫĹĻĻֱӽĴ½ǡ
ĳǡ
һƫƧĽ˪ǰҶǵ˶ۼһ𣬲ˡ
ҶȻɱˣǾͷŻɣ
Żôţ˪⡣
ҶǷһĨЦݣ
˵ţֱӻһû˵صס˪ûԥȥ
˵ٶǷǳĿģܿ죬˵ģҲҽ磡
˪һΧЩҽȻҶҪʲô
ҶЦ˵أ
˪ҪЩҽЩҽصף
Ҷ˵ͷ
˪΢΢ҡͷӮЩ澳ǿ˵ûʲô̫в
澳ǿߣ˵ҽҽϴ趼û飡
Ҷı𻵣ҽ棬Ӯһô
˪۾һǻ˳ʰ
Ҷ˵ͷǾһɱˡǣֻҪֿҶһ֣澳εǿߣûκһ澳ǿߵסǣ
һӮ澳ǿ߳أ˪ͻȻ
Ҷ룬Ȼӣֲûɱ
˪ҶĴָǸˣ
ҶɨһܣȻϻˡɻ
䣬ֽеľӿת˲
ˣ
һ̶ͻȻص쳹ɲǼ䣬һӵٶȼ죬Ϣʱǳ˵棬Ȼֱ
ĳ֣ͻȻѿһ޴Ŀӣţҽǿ֮˳
ʮϢ⣬һ𡭡
һ޴Ŀڴϳ֣ҽԵصӿ
һ̣Ĵ½𾪣
ĵС
еӮǿɫޱȵѿȻû뵽ҶȻС
ڱǳȥ
߳ǳȥЩҽ⡣Ϊʵ֮УܹסĽǣǲȥЩҽٲĴ½ǣҲ˵Ĵ½ĸңǲȥֹǼһָʲô
ȥǲȥ
Ӯǿ߾ĵط
һΣǷ֣Ҷ˺鷳ǳ鷳ԭȻҶʵҲõǷǳ𾪣ǣУҶǿҲ޷ӮҶԿġ
ΪҶһʮɣ
ڣǷ֣Ҷѡ潻֣ôʱȴһ취ûС
Ҷ£µҶ
УĬƬ̣Ӯʮһ飬ȥӡЩأҪսֻҪؼɣȻ֪ͨˡ
취α߳ΪǷӡġ
Ӯ˵ͷ֪Ǿȥ齻ң
߿һӮ죬Ȼ˵ͷתӮǿʧ˴С
ǣĳһ䡣
һǿϢĵҶǷһĨЦݡ
ǳˣ˪ʮһ飬޷ڶʱڻɱʮ澳
ҶЦΪҪȥɱǣ
˪תͷҶ˼
Ҷҽ˶棬Ȼ˵ĳǱ٣᲻ǧ棿
˪ҶãȻеˣ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
˪һˣӵǿʵô£µǣӵǿʵ˻޳ܣ޳ܣϼо仰å£åĻҾãˣ
Ҷߣû֣
˪΢΢һЦ˷ʱˡ˵ɣô㣿
Ҷɨһܣߣ
䣬˪ʧԭء
Ϣ
ˣ
һͻȻĳϿ𣬽ţһͻȻϮǵûĳС
䣡
һĳֱӱһΪȻδһûĳУɲǼ䣬ĳǱΪİ꣡
һʱ䣬ĳǷˣ
ϮӮң
˴˿еͷ
Ȼ˭ϮӮң
Ҷû֣ͣûĳУ̼䣬ĳǱ˺ü꣡
ЩӮǿҲ׷ĳǸϣĳڵȴǷ׷ӡ
һʱ䣬ĳǳˡ
ĳǳһҶĳǲȱĳǽ֪ʲô
óˣʱ˪ͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷţеĽͻȻˡɲǼ䣬ǳǽϳ˼֣ڽ
д⼸֣ҶǷһĨЦݣȻߣ
˵꣬˪
ܿ죬ĴǰǰĴ˪Ҷ
Ҷ¶һˣ
˪˵ͷһ̣ͻȻһֻڵצӣת˲ֱһĴ档
䣡
Ĵһţ˪צĹĻֱӱ˺ѿ
֣˪Ҷߣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʱɫͬʱһ䣬Ĭһ˲˪Ȼװ˱ƾܣǲеġ
˪£ͷԶһ׷һӡ
ӮҼӮ죬Ȼⲻص㣬ص׷ߡ
Ϊ׷ߣ澳εǿߣ
ʱ˪Ҷʲô뷨𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷУ
ʲô뷨˪æʡ
Ҷӣ
˪


1750 ս
ӣ
仰ҶûпЦʱȷʵӡ
澳ǿߣ
Ȼһն澳ǿߵǣ޵¡ڣԼƾΪӮң澳ǿߣкܶ澳ǿߣ
ңһƾ澳ǿ߲ӲĻöԷûһ취ġ
˵ƾҲûаջɱ澳εǿߡӮҵĵ̣һߣ³
ӣ
ӣ
ȻʱҪӣȻѶȣ
󣡡
ʱǰ׷ͻȻҳţǰǸ޵УڣǣǺǣĲ
Ҷ˪һۣ˪׷ߣеû뵽û뵽Ϲ
ʱӮͻȻ棬ΪҲκλᡣҶ˪֮ԸӮң޷ΪӮ治׳ϧǲԸΪҴδӹǣӮңǽ˵澳ǿģ
ң
˪ֻǣӮҾͲʧһ澳ǿ𣿡
ԣ׷ͻȻ
˪Ҷһۣһ̣ͬʱʧԭأʧһ˲ǰ׷ͻȻֳǰ̽ɲǼ䣬һ貰׹ϱӿ
䣡
ͻȻһţ׷߳ʮɣҶ˪ɣ
һν棬Ҷ˪·硣ǣǰ׷Ӯɫȴޱȵˡ
Ҷ˪ն飬ǧ棬ʲôܡǶֻ˵ûۼˣǶҶ˪ʵûһ׼ȷĸ
ڣˡ
Ҷ˪ܹԿ澳εǿߣ
һ̣ӮЩˡ´ʱҶ˪³ɳҶ˪
һɳʱӮǰ
˳ɳ
ˣӮһӣɲǼ䣬ʮӰĳг𣬺ܿ죬Ҷ˪ܶʮ澳ǿߣУ͵Ķ澳ǿߣ
ɱҶ˪
ǲԺӮҽʳѰ
Ҷ˪ӮûжԹҲ˳ɳġ
в
Ҷ˪ǳɳǻвӮǧİλġ
ԶһĻҶɫôǿߣͷҲŪ
Ļ׷߶սһսڣ˼ҰҪȺŹ
Ĭһ˲ӮͻȻһӣһ֣
£Ҷ˪ΧЩ澳ǿ߶ʱҶ˱ȥ
ͬʱӮ쿴ǰ׷ߣһ֣
׷΢΢Ȼ˵ͷҪ֡ʱԶ˪ͻȻǰ̤һһ̣һɼֲϢͻȻϯţ˵Ŀ֮Уֻ˪
ɫ
˪ûзϻץסҶļһ̣Ǻɫ͵һȣһȣֱõΧڵĿռһŤҶȴѾʧԭء
ӣ
ͻȻ˰׷ߵţһֻͻȻʣ޾ǿץ˹ȥ
ˣ
ʱһ̶ͻȻ޾ǿ֮дţʾһ˵Ŀ֮Уֹֻѿ
ܿ죬лָƽ
ǣǰ׷ɫȴޱȵѿ
ˣ
˪ҶȻƤӵˣ
׷ɫѿӮɫޱȵѿǴȥӮҵһôĴ
⻹ص㣬صǣǼʶλŵĿֲڵҶ˪һ澳һǳɳǽǺεȵĿ£
УĬã׷ͻȻңң½ңؼļҼǰĳǣ˵ӮҪ֡
Ӯ˵ͷȻתʧԭء
׷̧ͷ޾ǿգĬãͻȻɽ˲ų

ûãĳǵǧ洫˿
һ̣ǧ𾪡
ӮңǿǧİĳǣѾûгˡӦ˵ѾܶûĸˣĸӮҡ
ڣҶ˪ȴܵĳǣɱӮ澳ǿߣĳǸȥ
رǾ䣺ڽ
仰ֱǶӮҳӰ
ΣӮǶˡҶ˪ȴǱǡ
һ̣ӰϵЩţҶ˪ǰֱֵһᣡ
ҲΪĳǵ飬ļͻȻȥˡû֮ǰǰռҵЩ硣ȻҶ˪ˣ˺ܴѹ

һƬžǿ֮Уһڹ˳֮С
Ҷ˪
û°ɣҶ˪ʡ˿̵˪ɫİףܲ
˪΢΢ҡͷû̫£ٶȳܵļޣе㲻Ӧû׷ȻҲֲ˶á
Ҷٶȣܿ죡
ղ˪ٶȣѾٶˡǳܶ࣡
˪ҡҡͷٶȣԼٶȣǽڷŴﵽ̶ֳȵġٶȣԼٶȡߣܴ󡣡
Ҷһ˪Ȼڷڣ
˪Ĭһ˲ȻҡҡͷѾˡ
ˣҶдһ˿죬Ϊһֱãǲڷ˪ڡ
˪˵ͷʱѾˡΪһףԣԸȫ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷҪ˵ʱ˪ͻȻﵽ澳ˣ
Ҷ㶣Ȼô֪
ʵչس󣬾Ѿﵽ澳Լľ硣ʱЩһᰴĴԸ澳˵ЩҪԸʱݿ϶ˡ
˵ϻ
˪оȻԼľ磬ǣоȴǲһˡرǸղԸӮ澳ǿ߹ʱֵ࣬ԣҲ²⣬Ӧôﵽ澳ˣ
ҶЦﵽ澳Ҳ򲻹澳εǿ߰
ⲻǫ飬澳ǿ߹ƽĻûаܹܶԷҪ֪ʱܹ֮һնԷΪһʼ˪һ
˵һʱ˵ġ
ǲĹͣ˪ġ
ԼʵһǲԼʵǷǳΣյġ
˪Цǻᣬᣬʱ
Ҷ˵ʱ˪üͷͻȻһ壬ܿ죬ɫ
ôˣҶʡ
˪ҶӮңңǣ½ңؼңսˡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ
һ㣡
˪ͻȻ巢ͨ
ңҶ
˪ҡҡͷԵǣɱһԽһ澳׵
ԣҶɫ


1751 ǺݣӮ
ʫŮ
˿̣ҶɫȻƽޱȣ˪ȴǸеһɭ亮⡣
Ĭһ˲˪ǲͨҵģΪ澳εǿߣû˸ɱңʹ澳εǿߣҲɱңң澳ǿҪĶǿ϶Ҳ𣡡
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵԣֻǡΪǵʵԽϵͣҲɱңӦҲ֪ߡ鷳ȥ鷳鷳ռ鷳ǸҲ㣡
˪ĻҶȻ׵ġ
ҵͨȻʫǣǣĿģֻǻһַҪ֪Ҫֱͨ˵һöûС
ڵӮҵҰѱʮҲûɱġЦڣԴżʮ˲ŻɱҶãǣã
ǣʫŮͬΪǵʵԽϵͣǱȽϺɱġ
ҪǣǣҶҶȥǵ鷳
ʱ˪ֵǣҵһЩҵ澳ǿ߶УֻҪɱһˣԻȡ߶ı꣡
Ϊβֱ齨ɱңҶʡ
ģ
˪ǣʱԭܶ࣬ҪԭΪ֮仹ûα˴ˣ˭±ͱӡң֮⣬ǧ棬пݼԼң壬һطм嶼ɵģ
Ҷʡ
ɽ
˪˵أ̫ءûиɽλͼʱǲҹԼʵģҲģս˭±֮
ǣǳṥ½ģ𣿡Ҷ
˪˵ͷԣʣʱ䲻ˡǵʵ޷ԿҵֵġˣǱҪԮ
Ҷҡҡͷ̫ʵ
Ԯ޷ǾݼҡݼһȻ̫ܡǲ̫ܣǸܣ
һʱ䣬˳Ĭˡ
ãҶͻȻһ˵뷨
˪Ҷ˵˵
ҶǷ½
ʲô˼˪üͷ
Ҷ½ǵĴӪǣҲǵΪô֣Ҫص½ġǣһǷ½ǾûʱڰһڰţӮҵǻ˯žģ
ԣ˪Ĭˡ
Ҷ˵еģһ½ǿߣҶڰرҶҪǸ㰵ɱӮҶ˯ȣ
ֻǣ½˵ļңҪ
ʱҶزס½ģסˡ½Ҳˣ½ˣҵ˹ҲĲˡ㣬ȻֱӲҪˡ
˪λս
λսҶ⡣
˪һҶȻһ˷һսգλ
Ҷ˵ͷԣô
˪ȴҡҡͷУ
ΪΣҶ⡣
˪ȣ޷½ϢߵģҪߣֻܴ澳ǿߡʣǴ澳Щô죿ӮǲŹǵģһҲǣʱǻЩͨ˿Щͨ˱ǳ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵһ壬˵ĸ߲⣬ײЩͬҪΪǻǣ͵Իٻ
ʲô취Ҷʡ
˪΢΢ҡͷʱûа취
Уٴ˳Ĭ
Ƭ̣Ҷֵһһ˵뷨
˪һҶΪʲôǼ˵ģ
Ҷû취ִֻ߼ˡ
˵˵˪
Ҷ˵ͷɨһܣȻʼ˵
ԼһӺ˪ҪȺݣ
Ҷ˵ͷǱȺݣ취˭˭ӮǱǺݣӮǺݣӮ
˪ĬãȻԣ
ҶãǾô˵ˡ
˪΢΢ͷ˵ʱҶɫͬʱ΢䣬һ̣ͬʱߣռͻȻһţһ߳˵ǰ
ߣҶһĨ죬Ϊʶǽɳǵߡ
߿һҶ˪ĿҶϣ٣С룡
С룿
Ҷüͷ
ȥ˱֪ߵ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˪Ȼȥȥһ˽ɳǡ
˪һߣȻûΣհɣ
߿ЦЦ˪С˵Цˡʵ¾澳εǿ߶
˪ҶԼСĵ㣡
˵꣬һʧԭء
Ҷߣ߰ɣ
΢΢ͷȻһһʧԭء
һʱҶ˽ɳǡ
̫¥ĲС
òӵʵֱǿˣ棬ŮЦ
Ҷ¾ֱ˵ɣеæ
棬Ĭһ˲ŮͻȻҼǵãٵǷһ飬԰ɣ
Ҷ΢飬顭
ŮӵһҪ
ҶĬһ˲Ȼʲô£
ŮӵȥһطǣǸطеΣգҸȥ
Ҷ룬Ȼܻܲˣ
ǲ뻹𣿡Ůӵ
ҶЦЦλʵ϶㶼ΣյĵطҾãȥ˿ȥ޻ذ
ŮЦʵҶ֪һµĻ˵ٿ϶ȥġ
ʲô£Ҷüͷ
Ůӵ֪ڤƺϵܺá
ҶͻȻվãȻ֪ڤ㾿˭
ؾȣ
ŮӵΪҲڤģ
ŮӵĻҶ˫΢Ҳڤģ
⣿
ŮЦڤģڲˡ
ΪʲôҶʡ
Ůӵ˵Ͳ˵ˡֻҪ֪ڤЩѣǴ˿ѾǰҪȥǸطǸطΣաţǲԼΣնȵģ𣿡
ҶĬãȻȥ
ɽŮӵ
ʲôطҶüʡ
ŮӳĬãȻ˾ĵʧĵط
˾ģ
ڤǰε


1752 Ϊʲô˵أ
˾ģ
֣ҶİΪѪŮ˵ˣ˵ڤʼˡ
ɽ
ʱŮֵ˵أΣգΪ˵Ӵǧ棬ʱʱԴǧԣӣҪİȻҲҪİ
ΪʲôҪǵǰεҶʡ
֮УͻȻĬ
ãŮӵ֪ڤˣңʵǹ¶˾ĵǣҽϰ䣬Ǹıˡǵĵ
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵѰֻ֪ȥ˴磬ˡ
䣡
Ҷüͷ΢壬ʵҲ䣿
Ȼ֪˾ĵʵǣԷǴϵΧϵˣңһ㣬һţˡ
ûǾ޵еģ
Ůӵܴûǿߣֻиǿߡ
ҶĬãȻʱѲ
ƽʱԸȥɽģΪŮŮѾȥˡЩѣġڣ뿪˪ɽ
ʫŮңԣǲʱ뿪ģ
гĬƬ̣Ůӵ٣ˡֱԣ޷Կҵġ
ҶЦܲͶɣ
ŮӳĬã꣬аʱ䣬ڣٽĿǰҵ飬ʱһȥɽΣ
Ҷ룬Ȼã
˵ţվûб飬ȸˡ
иϢٻеãŮӵ
Ը꣡Ҷ
ŮӵСĿݼң
˼Ҷ⡣
ŮӵӮңʵô£ΪǵʵҪʲôҲ֪ǿݼҡ֪ǵʵ֪Ҫʲô𣿡
ԣҶüͷǲ֪ʲô
Ůӵûʲôֻһ¡ˣٻȥɣ
ҶãȻǣ
˵꣬תʧ˷֮С
֮УĬ˺һŮͻȻﵽ澳𡭡ϧǲ

뿪ɳǺҶ̸ϻҡ
˿̣ҳ׷˳½֮硣ʱûסôġȻزסǲΪԱʵ
ӮҵҲûзᣬҵĹϷ£ҵЩȫѾҸռ졣
ԴˣûκεĻӦ
ǣǧ˶ܹоһҪˡ
ɽ
ҶûҾôɽ˿̵ɽôƽ
ɽ£ҶĬãһɽС
һ·ϣҶûʲôʬܿ죬ǡ
ǣһƬţûκ
ҶҲҪʱһѪɫӵǰû˵ôš
ҶĬһ˲̧ͷô˵Ҳʶһôɣ
һ̣Ҷоǰһãת˲˴С
Ҷɫޱ
ΪԷȻûӦ¾ͰŪˣ
ϷǺȹŮӡ
ҶźȹŮӣ¶һõЦݣˣþò
ȹŮӿҶû˵
ҶҲΣߵ˺ȹŮǰɵλãȻ˵鷳
罣ɳǵŮԣǺѵסҵֵģˣԮݼңǾͲȥˡΪǾûпܡ
뵽һˣǾȹŮӡȻϣҲãǣԡ
ȹŮӿҶйϵ
ʱȻƤЦЦȻô
ȹŮҡҡͷ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ȹŮӿҶΪûʸ񣡡
ҶһָܿûʸԺʸ񰡣
Ժ飡ȹŮӵ
Ҷߵ˺ȹŮӵǰͶʰ㲻ҺǱ𣿡
ȹŮӿҶãȻҼƤˣǣûôģ
Ҷ
ʱȹŮӵνͶʣзյģһ㲻СˣҵͶʲˮƯˣңˡֱԣҲҪʲôҲﲻʲôҵĵˣ޷ģ
ҶĬò˵Ůжˡ
ҵи뷨ȹŮӵ
ʲôҶȹŮӡ
ȹŮӿҶܲңԸңţǧ棬ʲô˴֣Ҳɱ㡣
ҶЦҡҡͷҪ֪ǽޣ
ޣ
޵Ҫɵģѡ񳼷ŮˣĻ
Ҷ˵Բܶ
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ͶŮˣʧȥɣʧȥʣ˱˵£ʱʲô͵ʲôʲôҪɫⲻʧȥ
΢Ļţϵȥ
ȹŮӿҶãȻǾûʲô̸ˣ
ҶĬãȻⸯʬô࣬ܲܽҼ߰
طĿģûŮ˳ְǺܲʵǣ輸߸ʬãеϣġ
ƾʲôȹŮӵ
ҶźȹŮãȻʵ˵ֻǾ֮͡ȻҲ⣬Ͼң֣ҲӦáһסһ̵ġ
˵꣬Ҷתߡ
ߵſʱͻȻͣȻֵûʸףûϵҸ㣬ڵң㿴ңõĽһʲ𣡡
˵꣬Ҷֱʧԭء
Ҷߺ󣬵еŮǷһĨȣһ˿
ʱһͻȻŮǰԶ棬Ůüͷ

ʱͻȻ˵һ仰ҪСֻһˮһˮֱ΢ǣȴܴʯ
˵꣬ʧԭء
УȹŮӳĬãͻȻҲֻԼ

뿪ɽҶصңջң˪ͽеС˿̣ҵǿ߶
ôˣҶʡ
˪Ӯҵжˡ
Ҷʲô
˪˵ͻȻҶһۣһ̣ʧ˵УϿա
ʱ½Ͽգ֪ʱһߡߵǰһССġӮ֡
Ӯǿߣ
߿һҶ˪ȻһڣͶп塣Ȼ
ʱɫͻȻ䣬һ̣彩Ӳת˲üͻȻѿһӣѪ
ͬʱҶ֪ʱǰ
ߴĿҶսɱʹ㡭
Ҷ·˪أ
˪˵ͷУ
ҶԼĶͷȻߣûڵΪʲô˵أ
ˣ


1753 Ҫ壡
ۣ
ҶĻǺֱһվѪת˲ֱ
ˣ
Ҷת˪Ȼʼɣ
˪ҶãȻ˵ͷã

һӮҵͻȻսͬʱ齨һ֧Ӵľӡ֧ӣȫ澳ǿɡʮ澳ǿߣ
ÿһҶʮ澳ǿߣң͵Ķ澳εǿߣ
У澳εǿ߸
ݳֺǧΪ֮𾪣
ݣò˵ǳĿֲʮ澳л澳εǿߣ
ֱѹҰ
ҽǧʧ
ںܶ˿϶ǻġΪʹ˪ҶҲܶԿҵ֣رлӮڣ
ڵ֪ʱȴǳƽٱϣ½ǳƽ
Σ˿ǧ˵Ŀⶼڶҡ
һ
½Ͽ֮Уʮǿߣ
ʮ˳ֺ½˽Ǹܵһǰδйǿѹ
Ϣ
ʮ˽ֻɢԼϢѾõ½Գˡ
֮С
Ϊ׵ӮҼӮ죬ɨһ·½Ȼݼкζ
һվ˳ĿǰΪֹûκζ
ɽǱأӮʡ
ҡҡͷҲûκζ
ĬãӮתһӣӣֱҼǣҼȣؼҼԼ½Ҽ½죡
ӮλǲκλᡣݣҲκεĻᡣǣλвɴ⣡
һзܣҼȳң޵ġΪҶ˪ֱĨɱӮҶʮλ澳ǿߣҽЩǿߵԴ͵ҡ
һΣҿν澡ʧ
Ӯ΢΢ҡͷҲ£µҶ˪һεҪ񣬲ңɱˡһҾǣǲպҽҲ˯ȣ
ô£ؼҼüʵ
ʱ½Ҽ½ͻȻǿ£Ǻܿ¡֣ûнӴǣ㲻֪˪ҲرҶӵš
Ӯ˵ͷܹһ˵Ӯ棬ڲ˵²£
ԣɫ
Ӯ棬ǿ澳εǿ߰
Ӯֵ˵Σյģʵˡ˲ǳɳһɳʱǿûκһܹס統Ǹ޵һ⣬λ˭Կ
޵У
ˣ˲İġΪˣͬһʱ
֮꣬Уڵ׵ģΪˣһȲΪǧİǸʱ򣬾ӮݼңҸգ
Ҫԭ򣬾Ϊˣ
ʱӮֵڣ˪Ҷǵ츳Ǳ˿޵Сԣλһ£ǲǳɳʱǼ˯İ𣿡
˳Ĭ
˭ܲɳҶ˪ı˵ԺǾеܲˣ
ʱӮͻȻʵ֮ǰһЩˣǸӮҳţ˵أΪıѵӮҶȥ
ǷŲ£
ʱ½ŲеȨʵλмܹеȨأҲԺǴﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬻ŵ¡ڣλǺ쳾ˣ𣿡
˵˵ͷеĶ˵ܷ¾ͷµģرȨ
Ȩָоܶ˸޷⡣
ˡһһλ澳εǿߣʱ½ͻȻ
Ӯ΢΢ͷ£Էǳ֣Ȼ˶Ը
ӮԸ棿½Ԫ
Ӯ˵ͷֻһλԸ档λ˵⣬ҡҡͷ
½Ҳҡҡͷ
ÿ嶼ϹҲ澳εǿߡǣǿߣУʲô壬ĺܵܵ˵ǳæǼ嵽ʱǻ᲻һδ֪
ⲻңҶһģ
ϹﻹкӮңӮܹ֮붯Ӯλ棬ΪӮλĵҲΪԵʣܹĶ
ҡλ棬ԣĺѾʧˡȻ˪ҶȻѪԵϵǣھѾǳǳϡˣ
ԣǲֱЩϹϾɱңǣǸ벻
һҶ˪һ벻λ澳εϹ
ʱӮͻȻ·½λҪҵЩ澳ǿߣֻҪҶ˪֣Ǿһ֣ȡκλᣬֱӾɱǣֻҪһҲˣ
ԣ˵˵ͷʾͬ
ھͳ֣ʱ½
ӮҡҡͷȻ˲ԶĿռ䣬֣֣Ĳ룿
ԶĿռ˲ţӳ˵ǰ
ǿݼҼݾҼʣ
ݾҼʣЦ֣أ
΢΢ҡͷҲ롣
ݾЦЦҲҿݼҲ룡
Ӯ쵭ѵ˵λһзܣ
ʵʵҲһġǣλӦҲҵλѾͷҶϵǳ漫ΪǶҳ֣ȻõһЩ棬ȴʧȥһšԣΣֻܷ
˵⣬ݼҼݾ֣أݼΪβ룿֪ݼҶƺҲйԹ
ݾЦЦλӦҲ֪ҿݼû̫Ұģңҿݼ˶ʧһλҿݼ˵еԳܵġԣҿݼҲ룡
Уλ忴һۿݾȻû˵ȴд˲š
УмУɵĲӮңǿݼҡ
ɭ֮УΣյĲͻڲҶеĶߣΪ㿴ʱܾѾˡ
˵ӮͻǿݼҾǶߡ
ҡڵҾǷǣ
رҶ˪ƿصңӦ˵Ҷһȶ߻ͻ£
ΪǵˣͻҴ򣬶ҲҴ򣡶Ǹ
֮䣬ٶìܣǣҶ㵽ΪֹҶȴǲᡣ͸ɱ㣡
УӮ쿴һۿݾʣȻȻˣҾͲ˵ʲôˡ
˵꣬·½Ȼһӣ֣
Ӯ˾Ҫ֣ʱӮǰĿռͻȻһ£һ̣ӮɫȻ䣬ŭ𣺡ҶҪ壡
סʲô


1754 ɽ˲ų
Ӯ֣ʲô
У½ʡ
˶Ӯ졣
ӮλҵȻӮҡ
ΪΣ½첻⡣
ӮΪɱӮˣ
˵꣬һֱʧԭأһʧģӮڶǿߡ
ҶɱӮˣ
УסҶôɱӮң½ˣ
У
ӮҵˡҪô죿ڵ⡣ȻûӮңһܹѹңǣҳһҶǻһ˪ģ
Ůˣ˿Ҷ
ڣǲ
ʱǰԶĿռͻȻ΢΢һţһȹŮӳ˵ǰ
Ҽ˪
˪ɫжʱһ˿䱸
˪ɨһ۳ˣȻЦλ½ѵȥ𣿱ûУˮһġ
˿˪û˵
˪ֵλҽ䱸ܴ󰡣ģûҲûԮġ
ʱ½ͻȻ˪ıȨλͬУˣݡ㡭
ʱ˪ͻȻ½Ļ½˿ˡ½ҪңĿʲôڳûһ˲֪ġȴҪһЩûʵĽڣӣҪƷ
ԣ½ɫЩѿˡ
ʱ˵αһ㣬ǣǵڿʲô£ʱڳĶʲôˣһЩϹﰡʱα˭˭
ʱ˪ȻλԸȥͣҲǿ
˵꣬תߣܿ죬ͣȻ˵һˡҶ˵ˣ˵еУ뵽䣬Ҹ˵λķ羰ȥȻ˵á
˵꣬תʧԭء
У½ɫޱѿ
в
в
Ҷȥǵļ壿ֻȥ羰ɵӶ֪Ҷʲô
ĳǵ飬ǿǻ£
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ˣѾ⣡
ԶݾһۣнǴһ˿졣Ĭһ˲ʵһư
ݾ΢΢ͷҿݼû룬ȻСȥҿݼҿ羰ͷˣ
ݼҲ𣿡ʵ
ݾЦЦ˵£ֻ˵鷳ѵȥңҲ鷳𣿡
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յҶô£Ͼܴܴ٣ǣҶеˡ
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ʲô˼ʡ
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΢΢ͷʾͬӦ˵ΪȻ˶ֻҶ˪ǣǻһˣǾǰϾϾ츳ʵǾԲҶ˪ġ
Щ˶֪Ҷ밲ϾĹϵ˵ֻҪҶ˪Ӯҵٵľλŵı
֣һ£ȸˣ
ݾ˵꣬һʧԭء
һۿݾȥķ򣬳ĬãҲʧԭء
Զ½ԭسĬú󣬽Ƿ׷뿪ˡ
գǻѡˡ
ΪʧȥӮҵЩǿߺеˡͷĶˣȻΪһǿңʵ࣬ǣҴӪսȻõʧء
ʱӮȴǻʵ
Ȼһ㣬Ǿǿû˪˵ĻҶǻȥǼп羰ģ
ôһΣҵΣͱҶַʽʱˡ
ǣһĹС
ڵأ˵ǰһСӣϣһ塣
ߵһ׷ߣ׷ߣӮ棬ұߵλ档
׷߾һ£Ȼ֣ҿӣ̫ð
һºȻãʱӮ㣬ҹӡ÷ڣѪְ֮
Ӯһ࣬Ȼѵ־ǧ棬ܹɱң
΢΢һЦӮֺŰ
ѵ𣿡Ӯʡ
̧ͷһʣȻϵǧ棬ǵһ߿ģǣеȥ˴ǧ棬׷νĵеˣǧ档
˵⣬˶٣ȻӮӦ֪ɽλӮаսʤλ𣿡
ӮĬ
ʱֵ˵ˣ˵ڣڵЩӮаսʤ𣿡
ӮٴγĬˡ
ΪûܹսʤҶ˪֣˵֣е죡
ЦЦȻ𣿼ʹǴﵽ澳ΣҲ޵Сǰйߣĺ԰Ӯ֣˰ſУܹšǹţڱ˲˹涼¶ˣ
Ӯһ£ȻɲЩġֶ֪ҵ̬ȡ
Цûʲô̬ȣԭҾöЩСӵĴ֣Ĳ롣ǣû뵽Ӯ㶼ˡȻ㶼ˣܲӲɣ
Ӯ࣬Ҫඣ
ȻġȻҶҿĲôأǣϾңң㲻󱲵Ѫ֮飬ҲѪ֮鰡˼ҿңӲպл棬ûطģ
⣬Ӯˡ
֣ͻ֣ǲ֣Ͳ֡
ʱЦӮ֣ʵ֮£ʵеˡ
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˵꣬һӣǰ̶ʱΪޣȻֵ֣ˣ
ʱͻȻӮƺһˡ
Ӯ࣬Цһи޵еˣ
ԣӮɫʱˡ
޵С
֣ǧ棬ǿ׹ҲˣѹĲһӮҶЩ
ʱӮͻȻЦƺҲһˡ
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
ԭأ뵽ʲôɫЩء
˵˭ʱ˪ǰʡ
ĬƬ̣ȻӮһɱϿݼңƵÿݼһˡ
˪ĬϢȻɽ˲ųɧ꣡


1755 ı˵ʱ̣
ɽ˲ųɧ꣡
Ȼ˪Ѿͷ仰ٰܾ
˪ЦЦû˵
ʱ˴ңÿһ壬ֳҵӮҵӮпݼҵĿ졭ЩڵǸǾǶɧ
ǸӮڣ˪ʡ
˵ͷӦڵģԶԷʵǧ棬ûʲô˿ɱġҶСһʹΪʧҲӳҵ׷ɱ𣿡
˪ĬϢȻΣлĳ֣
֮ǰӮҵλӮ׼ֵģȴǱǰλˣ˸ղһĻ
΢΢ҡͷѾͷ֮ǰԣ˵ҪǣұϾˡңѪܼ£Ȼǲġ
˵⣬ֱ˪ǣЩϹﶼȻҳ֣ǲܵġҿΪҳ֣һ
˪΢΢ͷס
澳µΧңǲֵģҲû壬Ϊ֣Ȼ澳εǿԸҡ֮˺Ϊ֮ɣ
˵꣬תʧԭء
˪뿪ƬĹأĹ⣬̧ͷǿգңģ

ĳǡ
ӮҵǿȥΧ½ʱҶĳǡ
˪İ취ǣӮҵȥ½ʱ͵ϮӮҵҵĴӪ
ģ
һֶģ
֮˵ǶģΪҲȷӮҵһ᲻ӮҵҲΪ½ˡʵͬĳǣ
ʵһ㣬ǾǣӮҵҵУҪĲ˵½˪ˣңǣֻҪ˪ţҾͲꡣ
꣬ʱ˪û׸ڣ˳ǲµġ
ԣӮҹϷҳ֣ȻͷĴ½
ĳǳ⣬Ҷֽ
ʱĳǣѾ޸˲٣ΧĳǽѾ޸Ĳࡣ
˿̣ѾյϢǾӮѾĳǸ
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Ϣ
ˣ
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Уһ߾ҪĨʱӮȴסĨʲô
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˳Ĭ
裡
ȷʵǳ裡
Ҷĳǣٵĳǣĳ֣Ӯָ߰˵ȷʵһܴ衣
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ȥˣĳˣ
رǾ䣺һ仰õӮҿν澡ʧҶȴΪ仰ٴǧ棡
ҲõԭЩȥ˸ı⣬ЦӮҶҶû취ȥҶˡЩĴҵġ
ΪǾãɱˣȻ˱ֻҪ¶棬ҶǺΣȻϾ˭ûӵġ

ĽĳǷİҶûĳǶֱ뿪ĳǡ
ɲ뱻ΧŹڵգôô
ˣһˣܾ군ˣ
ǿ֮УҶźۣҲϢ䣬˿̵˪ǰҲϲ
ڵ̫ˣõ͵һ㣬Ȼ˿һᣬ˶֪ˡ
ҶҪص½ʱǿ֮УһӣʱҲΪûнԼֻԼϢ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣҪ뿪ʱȴǳǰ
λֵܿҪȥ½ʡ
Ҷ˵ͷô
ǷһĨЦݣ̨⸱磬ΪҶ
ΪҶҶס
ӵѵǣ
ҶһӣȻǡôҲΪ
Цô˵Ҫ֪ӮҵҿЩ꣬ǺĶ
ԣµҶ˫۶ʱ΢ΪҶļģ
Ȼ
ӺٺһЦҶʵ죬ҲĶ֣Ůٺ٣ҿǴˣŮ඼µġּߣ˵ûʲôѶȵģ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼ̨ȻҲΪŮΣˣֱϣأ
ԶҶ룬Ȼ˵ͷã
գЦǺãߡ
ô֪ŮģҶʡ
Ȼ֪
ЦңˣԷҸ߲㡣һΣԷǺԣһΣһʧ
ˣ
Ҷֻ㲻Ҷ
ڲ½
ӵҵߴϢӦĳǣңȥĳǺ󣬻ȥҡԣǵĻᡣ
ԣҶ˵ͷԭˡ߰ɣ
ã
˵꣬Ȼһ·½ȥҶҲǽ
·ϣҶͻȻʣֱӶ𣿡

ӵҪһᣡ
ΪΣҶʡ
ΪҶŮÿʱ֣СŮȥǵĺɽˣǸʱ򣬾ǵĻᡣסŮӵ
Ӧ˱Ҷ
£ҵ˻ὫЩеǿʱӵ
ԭˣҶ
ϵˡٺ٣ֵܣı˵ʱ̵ˡ澳׵ıﰡͻȻЦ
ܿ죬Ľǡ


1756 ұʣ
ǡ
Уһɽ˼ɽɽǺܴҲûΣյӵܷ˴֮˼ĵطҲǾĺõط
ǳİ
ɽʱСŮڻˣš
СŮҶŮѩȻڴ⣬ǣ˿ûӰ쵽СŮ˵СŮĿǰûûεģ
С
ĳָԶСŲ̊ûǾҶŮ
ԵҶĿԶСŮϣȻ˵ͷˣ
ӵ˵ͷȻڰУҵǿڱڲܳ֡
ҪʲôҶ
ԣǷһĨЦݣʵ̨Ҫܼ򵥣Ǿǵʱһܣ
һܣҶ⡣
׼ȷ˵Ƿֿܣ
Цֱֱ˵סŮȻֿܣҵĿǣҷ֣ҿ϶׷ɱǣĻѹһЩ
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵȻΪǲһᱻ֣˵ֺѾ뿪½ˡ
ԣҶ˿ӵ˼ˡʵӾҪһΪˣʱ˿϶׷Է׷Ļ˿϶Ҳ׷
ʱӾͿ֮زز
̴ķǳã
ʱһһȥԶСŮˣһӺҶüͷͻȻΪڰеǿͻȻʧˡ
ʱһĨ˷ܣڣ
䣬һֱʧԭأһֱ̣ӳѩǰȻֱץѩ
ٶȼ죬Ϣ
ֻͻȻֵ֣ѩֱӴסˡ
˿̣СŮԴһƬհס
ʱֻͻȻȥת˲һѪ˳ѪҪСŮϣǵѪȴƾʧˡţһϢСŮǰ
ѩ΢΢һ㶣Ȼһ˹ȥ
ҶѩϺݺһڣţҲ
㣬㡭
ʱԶӾֵĿҶҶ
ҶûӣѩշڵϣȻСŮԴЦȥף£òã
ã
ѩһЦȻһһʧ˲Զ
˿̣Ѿҵǿߣˣʮ澳ǿ߳˳С
ʱ澳ǿҶǰΪ׵ͷ΢΢ʹ٣ǸǶˣ
ˣǷڰбѩյǿߣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ޹ء֮ǰΪλʧ
˳ҶյϵϢ˵мѰǣ
ʱҶͻȻķ򣬡ҹ
䣡
ʱһϢͻȻгϢֱӳǿȥ
ӣ
Ȼܿ죬һڹǵϢͷ
ת˲
䣡
һըһӰռ׹¡
أ
Ӱֱڵ棬õǵһϢ˪һҶ˵ǰ
˪˵ϣ㴦
˵꣬תʧԭء
ûбң
æûбң
˪ͣ½ŲȻΪȱѼӶӡ
˵꣬һֱʧԭء
һĻɫ˲ҰתͷҶɫҶ֪ΪҪôΪ
ʱһ
ͣ
Դֱӷ˳ȥ
˿ҶҶսȻѾҪҪˡȻˣǾ͸Щƨ±л˵ɣ
˵꣬һԵӣҪ˵ʱҶͻȻƨҲ±˵ɣ
䡣
ͣ
Դֱӷ˳ȥǿͷ­˫Բ֮У˰ûڡ
ģͰˣҸȴƫƫҵҶ
ɱӺҶתʧԭء
УһۣȻҡҡͷ
ЩϧģΪԷϾҳϡǣû˳顣ΪǺ飬һöûСҶʲôŮ
ҴŮģǾɱ֮ˣûаء
Ҳûֹܹ˪С
С
˿̣ҺﶼڳҶûڡ
Ϸ˪ɨһ۵ˣȻ֮ǰ飬ӦöѾ֪ˡλûʲô˵ģ
˳Ĭ
˪˵ͷȻλ˵Ǿ˵ڵĴȷʵʷģҸ֪ںܶУͦȥˡΪԣеԼ·
˵⣬ٴɨһˣȻ²裬ôǰΪһڳλҪ뿪ҵģȥȥԴǵ׾һߣ
ԣɫһ䣬ǳϵæǡ
˪˰֣ȻλˣǣλҲȨΪԼ˪˵ǲҵģȥ˪Բֹڱλ֣
˪˵٣˶ʱĬ
ʵ˵ȻüƱӮҵңһأһļƲܲΰɣһΣָô죿
ĬãʱһͻȻվ˳Ȼ˪С㣬Ҫ˳ң
˵ҳϵһλϣڳϵҲں
˪˫΢գĬһ˲׼
˪΢΢һ񣬡Ǹ
˵꣬תʧ˴С
˵һȻеڶܿ죬һվ˳߲ǳϵģǽɵĸƣ
ƶ˪΢΢һȻǸ
˵꣬Ҳתʧ˴С
ܿ죬ĸ
һᣬʮһˣʮһˣȫ澳ǿߣ
Уһž
ã˪һ۳ʣµʮ澳ǿߣأ
΢΢ҡͷܹѣʲôʸ񹲸󣿡
һߵ˵ͷΪһ壬Ȼиͬͬ
Ҳǵ˵ͷʾͬ
˪һĨοңϣġ˵꣬ͻȻ˲ԶҶ֪ʱ
Ҷû뵽
˪΢΢ҡͷǺ£ΪǲߣպͻȻѱ䣬Ƕ˵ġ
˵ţߵ˴ſڣȻ̧ͷʣһ壬ͻ˥ңңġ˪ģضʮأǧ棬Ҫ˶ԡΪ١


1757 Ҫƽȵò
ò˵˪ĻǷǳѪģ˺һѪڡ
Ҷһ˪һ˿ȡ
Ϊԭ˪ĿҳΪǧĵһңڿ˪ҰıĻҪ
Ҫ̶ֳȣȻѰ
Ӯҵҿʲô˪ͻȻʡ
վ˳ҡҡͷûκζ
ûκζ
ĶʱһӮҵҿ϶ǲŹǵģˣԷûжȻǰˡ
ǰ
Ӯҵٴγ֣ضڸһᡣڣҵڶǿ뿪˵νѩϼ˪
ʱ˪˰֣ȥɣøʲô͸ʲô
˿һ˪Ȼȥ
УֻʣҶ˪
˪ʫ̸˵Ըǹƽ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷǡ
˪Ҷܶ˾ƽҸʵ𣿲ֻڸԼҽڣԼҽڡϼңкܶˣǵùҹǣ˼ȡȴҪԼҽڣ˵ƽҸ
˵⣬ҡͷЦЦⲻ֪ƽ򵥵ΡΪ㲻ҳ̫õģҴ̫õģ̫õġЩΣҪǣƽʱֻίΪ˼ұȨǮ󣡡
˵ʲôҶʡ
˪ֱҶƽʲôƽֻ־۷ˣǲʸȥƽͨˣǲƽǲƽֻܹƽ
˵⣬תͷʣȻһˣҪĿ꣬Ҫ룬ʹĳһ죬ûĿ꣬û룬Ҳһˣرˣ˲ȥƴȥۣ˵ģϱȢ
Ҷ㶣Ȣϱʱ˪ֵϼңһϱɲȢ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
˪תһҶȻΪȢ𣡡
˵꣬תʧ˴С
УֻʣҶһˡ
Уޱȣû˴Ҷ˪ĻȻģԷڸڻûǸȥƽףûӮ½Щ鷳Ҳб鷳
ʹû鷳ǣ컹бʱأ
ߴ½飬ûǡ
Ǹʱûˣˣ
Ҫƽȵò
һӺҶ뿪˴
Ҷ

Ҷÿ춼ԼʱȻѾ澳ǣ˵ʵԶԶ磬ǿ̫̫ˡ
ûһɲǣ
һƣһ澳Ķεǿ߶ɱȻڵʵ֮ǰʵȫġ
Ȼɱ澳Ķεǿߣǣ澳澳εǿߣвûôˣ
ҪĿռ䣬ˣҪľǽ£
ȻӮҵȴǲˡ
Ҷձչһ죬ӮҵͻȻжˡõ˶ֲ
Ϊ½Χǿ֮У˽ʮλ澳ǿߣʮλ澳ǿֱӽ½Χⲻص㣬صҸ֪ʲôʱֵģ
ӮҵҲûнΧţֻǽ½Χš
С
˿̣Һﶼڳ
Ϊβ֣Уʡ
΢΢ҡͷǿڵǳ֡
ǳ֣߲⡣
˵ͷΧΪ½󷨣ȻǵʵԹƣǣ½սϼҶٿǰ˳ɵˣʧʧ𣡡
ηηţ
ʱ˪ͻȻң磬Ծ󻼡ǣȴǣǺǡ
ЦУ
һԣҶ˵ͷӮҵҲһеĻҾǱסġϧǹ˼̫࣬໥ּ֮ɵ¼ɡȻҿѾˡ
ʱ˪Χ޷Ǿǡ˵⣬Ҷʲôƫİ취𣿡
Ҷ
˪⸱飬ǾҪƫİ취Ӧǡ
У˶Ҷ
Ҷһ취ƫҲðգȴǳЧɹĻҵΣˣ˶ҶЩڴ
ҶĬһ˲Ȼ취һʵҲʲô취Ȼǲ֣Ҳ֣Ǹø͸˭ĵĹ˭
ˣ
ʱ˪ͻȻ˵Ķԣǲ֣Ҳ֡˵ţ룬óʱ׼󷨡ģܣ
˵ͷȻȥ
˪ˣҲȥɣ
˵˵ͷת뿪˴
뿪˪Ҷ׼ô㣿
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼʵ٣˴ܡ
˪ҶãȻСġ
ҶЦЦģ򲻹ǻܵġ
˵ֱ꣬ʧ˴С
һ̡
ˣ
һ̶ͻȻ½һ̣˶һûǿ֮С
Ҷˣ
ò˵Ҷ˪ҵĶ衣رҶ֮ǰҶҵʱ˵ǼֱجΣΪһ̫̫裡
ڣͻȻ֣һôܴҴˣָоǳ
ΪһڣԶᱻ˵ˣ
ʵ㣬ǣҸҴڴĹǴ򲻹ǲҪҪǸҴ
ˣˣҲүһ
ǿ֮С
ҶһǿУʮ澳ǿ߱ǽΧǿɲҷҶ뿪½ЦҶҪ뿪ǺԺɾҪˣ
Ҷкɱ⣡
ҶӮһۣȻЦôɱң
Ӯ쵭˵룬𣿡
ҶЦЦȻɱңԣھ͸һᡣ˵ţеĽֱָӮ죬ȻӮҼ˵Ҷţֽֽ̣
ӮҼ
УסȻû뵽ҶȻӮ쵥
ӮԼҲû뵽
УӮϻǲϡϣҶȻǿ϶ĵģҲ˵һŪãӮҼܾҪˡ
ϣҪǴȥӮɾûˣ
ӮҼȻӦһߵս
Ȼڻ֪ҶѾﵽ澳
УĬãӮͻȻҶȻһ֣ɱ
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
㶺Ҳ̳֡
ԶҶ㶣е㲻һ


1758 ֮ս
ȷʵĲһ
ΪӮҼ϶ǻӦսġϾԷһӦսǴȥǷǳ˵ġ
ԣǰΪãԷ϶
ֻҪԷͻԥ˺ұϵķȻڼľɱԷ
ֻҪӮҼһ֧ǿ߶ضĴң
뷨
Ȼ뷨õģʵȴǲпġӮᣬֱӽһϡ
Ӯ쵱ȻȥҶûҶһӮĻȥҶǣڼһĻ֪ǰˣѾκβá
˵ҶӮˣ˻˵ϾӮҼ澳εǿߣӮһ⻹𣿵ǣأ
˵䣬Ǵƽ֣Ƕ˵ģ
ԣΪʲôҪҶ
ڶˡֻҪҶˣʱͲʲô˲˵ġ
УҶȻûг֣ڼӮ˳ʱתʧԭء
죡
ǳĿ죬쵽˶ûзӦ
ΪҶһɲܵġ
Ӳа
ҲܴĹô澳ǿߵģǵƾܣ
ԣϿ
УһۣУһ߳ܵĺÿ죡
ʱӮͻȻһȻλ𣿡
˿Ӯ졣
ӮλҶǽޣǣһµĵطǾûͨ޵ظ֮ǰǴҶһͷ࣬һıķӡǣ𣿡
˳Ĭ
ӮֵˣıǸͷ࣬ʵȻҪܶܶࡣ
㣬˽ǵ˵ͷʾͬ
Ҷ򽻵ǶҶѾһ˽⡣ҶϲľǲƣҪǣںʲôνӡ
ղţղѡܣһ˿ԥģ
Ӯ˵ʱ˿˲ԶΪҶ֪ʱ
ҶˣһЦһˡ
˵꣬ǰͻȻһϻ
˻⣬ʱҶǷһĨ΢ɿɲĻȣɲǼ䣬ǽϻֶ֮
ɫֵһ̣ɫʱˡ
͡
ǧڵĿռ䣬һ˲䱻ָһһ顭
Ϣ󣬳лָƽ
˿̣ҶѾʧ
УӮɫޱȵѿΪߣˣˣѾղǽ˺Ƭˣжʮ϶ˣе˻ǳأ
ǽ󣬺ǿ½
ʱҼͻȻλҾ֮ǰ뷨СΧұ뷨ò˵ɡΪұ֮ǰѾˡ
ԣ˵˵ͷʾͬ
ҶÿôһΣĻ
УӮĬһ˲Ȼһ۳ˣλҾǲȥսپǣǰһ⣬ǾΣ
˳Ĭ
ֻ֮ʱ齨ˣˣι̣Ϊ˶һ˾ͻʧΪʧݼҾͻˡ
ǸʱһҴս˭ܲ
ǣӮֵλһ飬ÿ壬ڳ澳Ȼһ֣ɱҡһΣǲ֡Σ
ڳ澳
ʮ澳ڵʮǾʮ澳ǿߣ
ҽ߱ݣ
ݣȻ˵㳲Ҳ˵ûбˡ
У˳Ĭ
˽û뵽ᵽֵزһңһںĵңȴõҪ˶ǿߡôǿߣзյġ
գңпݼԼңԶһģɽ֮أ
ʱӮͻȻѵ˵λҶ˪ɳ
ӮĻɫʱˡ
Ҷ˪ĹϵǳɳǾûкùӳԵġӦ˵ֻҪǻʱ˵֣ԸκһɻԵв
ͬ⣡ʱ½ͻȻ
˿½죬½λӮ˵ĶԣǲηηˡȻѾҵ̶ֳȣֻг׾ɱǡرҶ˪ǲܸκλɳȻδǵجΣ
ͬ⣡ʱҼǱ̬ˡ
ؼҲͬ⡭
ܿ죬мλͷʾͬ⡣
״Ӯ΢΢һЦͷ·½Ȼһ󣬽
ʱ½ͻȻˣ֮ǰҵõϢ˳ңЩˡ
Ȼɱˣ
Ӯ쵭նݾ͵óԣ˻ǳʧĺã
˵ţǷһĨҶǺܺ𣿰Щ˵ԴȫȻ͵½ȥ
ҶȻǺ֮ǵģΪҶĴ½飬˵Ӯҵܴ衣裬ҪҶԴܹϴˢġ
Ӯ飬Ȼû顣
ܿ죬ʱٶͷǿǡ
Щͷȫǵ˳ҵЩ˵ԴȻ˳ҵģֻʮ澳ǿߣǣҪ֪ǿɲԼߵģǰԼĵ˶ˡ
ڣЩ˵ԴȫĴǰ
ЩͷõΪ֮𶯣
ǰ˿̣˶ڳ˶ڿЩͷЩͷе۾ŵģУž֣Ȼǰ˿µ顣
ſڣ˪˫ָ˫΢գû˵
ԵҶҲû˵
е˶Ĭ
ֻ
ڳûֻΪȻǰЩҪ˵ʱ뿪ң֮ǰҲ޹ڡеֻԼĺ
ǰЩͷǣǲŹǵġ
˳ңҲŹǵģ
ңҪң
֮ս
ԶҶ΢΢ͷǰЩˣûʲôУҲûкøС
ֻͬͬѵˣҲǿġ
ǣ˿̣ǰЩͷõףһսܣҵ³ʫѩǵ³
ӮǾԲκλڵģ
һΣ䣬Ҳ䲻
ʱԶ˪ͻȻ̧ͷʣȻѪծѪ
ѪծѪ


1759 ͶɱвУ
ѪծѪ
ӮҵΪλҳ֣ǵ𣿲ԭ棡ҾںģʱʱҲ۸ʱ
Ȼһԭ
ǾͬʱţڶĻǿ϶ǲֵģǣŲûڶˣ
£
Ҷ˪ɳرӮңǳɳǧİλضѱġ
У˿ֻ̣Ҷ˪
У˪ĬãȻҵõϢ죬ʮλ澳ǳ֡½زסˡ
Ҷ˪𣿡
˪΢΢ҡͷأƴûκ壬Ϊǵʵ޷ҶԿ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ڵң֮ǰңҲ޷ҶԿġ
Ҷ˪˵˵İ취
˪Ȼ֪زסǿ϶а취ġ
˪
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷһܹȥˣ߲
˪ҡҡͷԵġ
ô˵Ҷʡ
˪˶棬棬һͨһ֮أ֮أѰҵģĿģΪ˷ֹһ塣
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵңʵƵĺ·ġӰ˼Σûһǿһֱġѵһ죬·Ǽϣ
Ҷôߣ𣿡
˪ЦЦûʲôĲĵģϾԺҪģ𣿶ң˵ǻ¡
ΪʲôҶʡ
˪㷢û˿̵ңκʱҪŽᡣңҲǵһᣬһú÷չĻᡣΪϵǧ棬ضǻᱻԵġһʱǿԺú÷չ
˵⣬Ҷ⣬ǧ棬˴Ҿǵһ𣿡
Ҷüͷ΢壬ʲô˼
˪Цܶˣð˴ҾǧǿļʵȻһЩЩ˿˴ҵģȰ˴һǿ磬ɽ磬ڡ
ڣ
Ҷɫ΢䣬֪ڣ
˪һĨ죬Ҳ֪ڣ
Ҷ˵ͷҹҡ
ڣ˪ʡ
ҶҡҡͷȻ㣬ڣ
˪΢΢ͷ֪ңֻҪǱ츳ģǶҡַǳǱ츳ǲſۡ
ҶҲ˵Ӱϵſܶˣ
Ӱ񣿡
˪ǷһĨӰ񣬶ЩСӲμӵġǿߣǲҪȥһ֤Լġ㣬㲻Ӱϣǣ˭˵
ҶЦЦСӲμӵġ⻰ҪӰϵЩǹƻᱻѪ
ʵѣ
˪ӰһǸһе㱾¡
һʶҶʡ
˪˵ͷǸһӦýˡ˵⣬ҡҡͷȻ˵Щˡǵץе˴ߣ
Ҷ̫ǻֵᷢģ
˪֪ԣҪˣ
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
˪̧ͷʣ㶯ԽԽãоϡҪ̫ãʱͿˡʱͿˡ
ҶĬãȻһߣζҪҵС𣿡
ܱĺã˪ڣһоͻϣڣһжǸơ
Ҷ˵ͷˡͽҰɣ
˵꣬תҪߣʱ˪ͻȻлˡ
Ҷת˪Цôôˣ
˪΢΢ҡͷû㣬Һѳ塣
ԣҪôлأҶЦ
˪ЦһûΪҺûʲôܿϵġ
ҶЦЦʵûҪ˵ʲôлĻΪҲң㲻ˣҲѣ֮䣬ûҪ̫𣿡
˪ҶãȻЦͻȻ֣ˣܶʱʵǺܺ˵ġ
ҶЦЦû˵תʧ˴С
ҶʧǵػͻȻˡ
ȫûʵǵĻ֮Уͬʱǳ쳹
Ѫսף
Ѫսף

ǿУ˿̣ʮ澳ǿ߸·½
𣿡Ӯ½
Ӯ΢΢ͷҪ˵ʱͻȻ˲Զռ΢΢ţҶ˵ǰ
Ҷ
Ҷɫ΢䣬г˽䱸֮ɫ
Ȼʮλ澳ǿߣǣҶˣǲ˿ӵġΪ˭֪ҪЩʲô
ӮҲǴŽ䱸֮ɫҶҹǰ϶ʲô̵ġӦ˵Ҫˡ
ԶҶɨһӮˣò˵˿еġ
ʮλ澳ǿ߰
˵֣ʮϢƾͿˡǣʱҲ˰
ΪҪ˪Լʫȡʱ䣡
ܲܰȫ룬Ϳˣ
ҶһȻӮ죬ЦӮҼãλãҺù
ˣ
ò˵˿̵ȷʵЩ¡
ҶҪʲôϷӮҶ
ҶڨЦЦȻ¡Ҿãԩԩ౨ʱˣһȸ裬һ֮ǰĲ죬ô
ԣɫŹҶʲô
ʱӮҶÿ𣿡
ôܣҶæûʲôȥĿȫһЦģ
ӮҶ㵽׸ʲô
Ҷ˵ʱ½ͻȻӮ֣Ҿʱ䣡
ʱ䣡
ɫ΢䣬Ȼ뿴·½ҪĳЩʱԶҶͻȻγ˽ʱ˵Ŀ˻
˵ע£ҶеĽָӮ죬Ȼǲһ·Ҿʯ٣
ʯ٣
ӮЦһҶΪҵʵܹʯ𣿡
ҶĬƬ̣ȻͶɱвУ
ٴסһҪͶ
û
һҶȻҪͶ
ʱ½ͻȻʱ䣬϶ڷʲô
½ĻӮ˫ûҶϻһӣλһԸҶȥ
ʱҶͻȻ˺ұϵķȻľУ̧ͷӮˣǱȥĺã
ӮҶǷҪȥأ
ʱеӮɫͻȻһ䣬ת˲ֻԲԶһ澳ǿԴֱӷ˳ȥ
һĻд󾪣
ʱԶҶԣ


1760 棡
ԣ
ᣬȴһε
ڳ˶Ǽģô࣬ôܻᱻҶŵ
ʱӮͻȻ½֣֣֣֣һɱˣȥȥ֮ϵһ˶Ҫ
䣬һֱӳҶ˹ȥ
ͬʱĸҵļҲǳҶ˹ȥЩ澳ǿǳ·½ȥ
ս
УҶһЩ½ǿߣ˿̵Ҳ޷ֹЩˣֻס
ЩˣҲֻϣ˪кˣ˪Ƿǳĵġһ˼ϸŮˣ϶пǹԣôģ
ջ˼ҶǰΪ׵Ӯ죬û˿ϻ־ٽһ
䣡
һըӮֱӱһسˣһ̣½˱ֱӽҶΧת˲Ҷֱӱǧɣ
һԣӮ쿴˿ԼƣƣѾ룬ղ˵Ŀ죬嶼ܱһ
ǿ
ǳǿ
ӮҶۣ
Ĭһ˲ӮһȻٴγҶ˹ȥҶǲδӮҡδܾûӮˣ
Ҽ⣬˶澳εǿߣ
ҶȻսľȻûֵˣбѹƵļ
ҲϾ˿ɶǳѾõǿߣҶսľ澳޷Կ˵֡
ȻˣǣӮҲκβҶڶʱκβҶ
ΪҶĽʵֲ̫ûκһ˸ȥӲҶĽ
ҲˣȻѹҶȴκβҶľ档
ǣϣҶȴϲá
ս۵ܲ˶õģ
·ʮλ澳ǿ½ǸػǰȻǿǣǿҲסʮλ澳ǿߵְ
ʮϢʱػʮλ澳ǿߵǿºȻѣ
ڴһ̣ɫͻȻгЩɫ˲佫ʵЩ澳ǿ߸û
ܿ죬Щɫȫޡ
ھԵʵǰκ󷨶ûʲôõġ
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ʱһͻȻǳ
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ģһֲϢͻȻԲ̨֮˳
档
УͣеӮҲͣǸ޴Բ̨Ӯɫеء
棬˵ÿҵƣҲĵƣ
ÿһ棬޲ţţȻǲôģӦ˵඼Խ澳Σﵽ˸߲Ρ
뿪ʱһ㶼ΪԼļһֶΣֶΣǵķҲǵһƻǡ
ȻֻһƷһƻǡǣҲⲻãΪǳԽ澳εĴڡңǳԽ澳Σˣ콾ǵʵԳۣ
У˵ע£Բ̨֮ϣһõӰ
һߣ
Բ̨֮ϣһź۵ߣͷ죬üһĺɫӡ
棡
ֺ߳˷֣еĿռͻȻ·ڳʲôµһ㣬ޱȣ
һĻӮɫʱ
ԶУĿɨһܣдһ˿ãȻǹһᣬнɫμǺˣ
ܿ죬˪˺ߵǰ˪ź΢΢һ񣬡档
ɫһμ
˪˵ͷǣ
ֱ˪ԣҲŮ˭ģ
˪Լġ
˭ͬ⣿ߵ
˪ֱӺߣͬģѾˡ
߿˪ãȷʵš
˪ɨһܣȻ棬ھ⣬塣Ȼ˾ǣֻҪҶڣͲͻһ졣
Ҷüͷ
˪ָָԶҶ
ĿҶϣҶʱüͷͻȻĸˡ
ֱҶãҡҡͷԭˡ
Ҷһۺߣʲô˼
ĿһҶû˵תͷ˪ҵԤϵһΪһŮ˶һ٣ˣŮӲóΪĻֻû뵽һٻǵˣ
˵ţ̧ͷӮˣʮλ澳Ǻôֱʰ
䣬ͻȻֳǰһ̽Ȼһ
ͣ
ɲǼ䣬ʮ澳ǿߵͻȻڿз룡
һĻɫ䣬Ҷ˪Ϊղʮôģûп
СӮѾ⣡
ʱӮ澳εǿߣҲӮͻȻʣĿ˺ϣ˼֡
ʱͻȻٴһӡ
͡
ʮ澳ǿ˲˿ߵȴһЩ
Ӯźߣ
΢΢ͷֳǰٴһһӮԶʮ澳ǿ˲˿
һ̣Щ澳ǿ߻ˣ
ԣӦ˵־ˣ
Ŀ־ˣ
ǰߵʵʵֲ̫ܵС˿̣Ѿ⣡
ԶӮֵܳ𣿡
ǲǸסߣңҲӣΪҲã߳˼֣Ϊʶݼֹ
λֻǳֺ޷ٴγ֡
ϾǱ壡
ûڳ֣Ŀ˪ϣס˿ǣܶ
ԣ˪ź߹һ񣬡档
һĻһԵӮ˶ʱһΪֵܳĻĵˡڣԷѾ޷ڳ֣
ԽԽãҪʧʱͻȻ˲ԶҶû˵ôţдһ˿ɻִһ˿⣬һ˿š


1761 ӮӮ
ò˵Ҷ濴ЩͷƤ顣
ΪԷʧǰǸʵ̫ˡֱԷʶǣԷôʶأ
Ҷ
ʱԶӮͻȻЦڻ𣿡
ұƻ棬ȻԷɱʮλ澳ǣƽ̯ҲͲôʹˡڣӦѾûеˡ
ҶûӮ죬˪˪΢΢ͷѾȫߡ߰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷתͷӮ죬ˣټ
䣬һֱʧԭء
˪Ҳֱӻһڹʧ˳С
ûһܣǷֿܣΪһܣĿ̫󡣶ңֿܣ԰ѶԷɢһԶʮ澳ǿߣ˪˵ѹ󣬿һʮλѹͷǳˣ
УҶ˪Ȼֱӣ˽һ㶣Ҷ˪½ˣ
ܿ죬Ӯʶɨһ½ɲǼ䣬ɫޱѿΪ½Ѿһˡ
ˣ
Уɫѿ˼㡣ǵĿģҪЩңҪҡΪֻгҺ󣬲Ųк󻼣
ڣҵ˾Ȼֱӷ½Ȼˣ
ˣ
УӮһԶ׷׷Ҷ
˪أ½ʡ
Ӯҡҡͷ׷Ҷɣ
˵꣬һʧʡ
˪ҶͼȻɢǼпܻᱻҶ˪ɱġˣܷɢֻмпܻɱҶ˪
˪Ҷ֮䣬ѡ׷ɱҶ
ԭȻΪҶӮµԵʣ
ʮλ澳ǿ߳Ҷ׷˹ȥ
˶ȥ½ϿգӮҵʡ
Ӯû뵽μôϣֱӷ½ô磡
΢΢ͷҲû뵽ǣò˵Ѿͷб¡
Ӯ˵ͷȷʵλ󣬲ڲĸŽᣬ£ҶͷĲ
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һ֣ûκΰ취ġּǿߣҪֳʤǲһ顣ԣûѡ֣ΪǺ壡
ԶЦôҲҲûðΪǲСһɳġ
׵ض
ӮӮҳţһᱻϴѹ𣿡
⵹ǣЦˣӮ֣ˣҾͲҪϻˡлھ۾ۣ
˵꣬תһʧԭء
УӮ̧ͷҶķȥ׷ǣֻҪ֣ͱض֡ͬģҶһ֡
࣬໥ǯƣ

ҵ飬ܿǧ洫˿
İ˴ҴӴ˴ʧˣڣǧֻߴˣ
˶֪Ҷ˪û
ˣ˾ãһϣģȻǰ˲ӮҵҸ׷ɱ
Ӯҵһ׷ɱҶ˪
Ȼǲģ
˵ӮҵʱɱҶ˪ȹ꣬ʱҶ˪ڳǰǻģ
ˣӮҵӮˡǣҶ˪˯˯̤ʵ
һ֪ǿ֮Уһ⼲֮ռ䶼˺ѿɼٶȿ쵽˺̶ֳȡ
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ǽԼٶ˼£
ʱҶǷǳǳˬģԭ˪ֿܣԴɢӮҵҵĻǱߴܣȫǿŪܶ澳ǿߵġ
ǣû뵽ӮҵҾȻȥ׷˪ȫ׷
֪ʮ澳ǿ׷ʱʱǸ飬һֻıڶ
ܣ
ʹܣ
ҪģΪһ׷ϣ³϶ҰȻţûŵԵʮλ澳ĳ̶ȡ
ȻӮȻǲŹƹ֮һ׷
Ӯ˶澳ΣǵٶȻҶһ㣬˶٣ˣҶ޷˦ǡһɲܣʱһ˲˦Щˡ
֮أ
һɲһλãøΣȱ׷ϣԼˡ
ôˣ
ô죿
ҶҲջĺܣΪҲûа취Ӯ˰Ҫ׷׷ĺǰǼֲ˶õģΪղս۵ȻѾӡõƣ
ˣôȥ׷ϣֻʱ⣡
һӺ
䣡
һɿֲϢǿ֮УţҶǰ

Ҷ㶣Ȼһֱıϡ˫һȣֱӻһڹʧããǿ֮С
Ӯ˲ûͣ
ٶȺÿ죡Ӯԣ½
ڿҲҪ׷
ӮλԵļ壬еǿߣ֮⣬ǧ淢ͨܻɱҶߣ߰ǻɱҶߣÿ罨С磬磡У澳׵ıʮ澳׹ʮңһԴӦһҪ󣡡
һ½ۻ᲻̫ˣ
ʮС絹ã澳׵ı磬еʹˡ
ӮɨһۣȻԺǸĴۻ󣡡
ԣ½ûԥˡ
ΪӮ˵ĶԣҶԺضḶӲʹĴۣ
Ӯҵɳ˸ǿ׷ɱҶ֮⣬һЩҲ˽
ӮҵҸı꣬Ƿǳ˵ģˣȻ֪Ҷɱ˲˽ϾǲǿӮҵǿֵġ
ǵɱҶڼʮû
ڲǣǺܶǿһ׷ɱҶ
˶˶൨
ʱҶջ涼ջˡΪԽԽڿʼ׷ɱˣҪǣҵ鱨׷Ӯ׷ˣǸûϢʱ䡣
ǲܴģڲܴΪһ򣬱ضᱻȺŹ
СӣϽ취ȥҶᱻͻȻ
취
Ҷ˼ãͻȻ۾һˣ
˵ţóһᣬᣬǵŮӸĴ;ᡣ
ǧѾûطˣֻܣ
û˿ԥֱ˾ᣬһ̣һֱӽת˲ֱʧԭء
ϢӮ˳վλá
Ӯ˫΢գɲǼ䣬ΧĿռܿ죬۾ô;ˣռµϢߣ
䣬һֱûǰĿռ䡣
һ֪ɽУҶ۾һӱǳǰ
ߺˣӵ
ҶգգۣȻŭӮӮǰҪ̤ƽڣٳǸҵ֣̼ұöȻΪ촷ۣ
˵꣬Ҷҽ͵һ壬ɲǼ䣬ɽѣ
ǣȴֱʧˡ
ϢӮ˳Ҷԭվλá
ӣ


1762 ڣ
ڼҶһ̤ΧɽʱӻЩµģӮʱɫ˲ˡ
ʮλ澳ǿߣ
ݣǳ˰
Ӯ˵ͻȻֱһŴɲǼ䣬ʿռһ
ӮЩ£ǰʲô
ʱӮüͷͻȻΪʿռͻȻٴβţʮ˳˳С
ȫ澳ǿߣ
Ϊ׵һߣ澳ǿߣЩˣȫ澳ĶΣϢ쳣ǿ
ȺʱӮɫʱǺߵڼӮʱɫҲһȻҲû뵽ôǿߡ
Уնʱ
Ŀϣô£
˵˺ԣȻճϣղͻȻһˣԷ˵ӮˣȻ̤ƽڣ˵˵ǳ˵֣ҪڻΪ촷ۣ
ӵĻߵɫ˲һԵӮɫͬ
Ҷˣ
Ӯ˵ʱǺͻȻȻ֪λǰ˴ļң˵˴Ҷˣ
ӮӮҼӮ죬Ա⼸λҼؼҼҼԼ½ҼǴ˴ǰڣΪ׷ɱ֮ǰλСѼӣ
ڣΪӮҼȻ֪һЩģţȽأȻӮҲ壬ǣҲɵȥԷΪУΪҶ⣬ңӮûκκô
ӮĻߵɫ΢ÿһЩӮҵҲڵģȻʵҲǿǣҲȥ뼸ΪС
ͬģûκκô
ʱӮֵλǴ˴ǰֻΪѰҶҶʱǱڣԣλ㣬ҵȽȥѰֻҪҵҵԻȥ
У
ͻȻڲӭ˽룬ԣǲܽȥ
ԣӮɫʱЩÿˡ
ʱӮͻȻǷҪȥأ
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ӮĻǺԣ
Ӯ˵ʱͻȻһӣɲǼ䣬ͻȻţһ޴Ȧ˵Ľ¡
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룬Ȼ͹ģǵĴ;ᣡ
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ǻ΢΢ҡͷûСҶ֪һЩҲȥһǣһûȥԣԷôӵڵĴ;᣿
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ʱӮҡҡͷ£ǾͲҪ˷ʱˡǵĿĺȷҪôǽȥҪôڽŪԼ룬ҲΪһûʲôϵ˶Ϊаɣ
ȻΪҶؼҵΪУңҶ˽ԽڣѾڵĹء
ɨһܣȻ֪ͨȫ׷ˡ
ܿ죬ǿ߷׷ȥһᣬϢããɽ֮С
̺ʽ
УӮһۣҲû˵ʲôȻѾ̬ȻȥͱˡңȻҲҶڡ
ڶ˵ȣҶ֣
ɨһӮˣȻϷе棬ҶʲôȻõλ׷ɱ
Ҷʲô
Ӯûлشѵ˵ҶǹƥȥӮңȻӮǶȥˣ
Ӯ͵ĳ裬
Ӯû˵ҲûʣԵĻߣȥһ´ˡ
΢΢ͷתʧԭأ

ããɽ֮УҶһȻɵɽ֮Уڼ䣬üʶɨǶûз
ҶǴЦңҪҵң䣡
ˣ֪棡
ʱһͻȻɽ
Ҷ


1763 ľ
ҶЩϤܿ죬֪˭ˡ
ǵȥɳǸ;ȹŮӣ
ԷôҵԼģ
Ҷûж룬ɽ֮˳ɽڣվһŮӣǰȹŮӡ
ôҵҵģҶʡ
ʱһ׹СױľҶǰŶСָָľ
ľɵģ
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Ҷ˵ͷ
ȹŮֱҶ뼸ҴȻ֮
Ҷҡҡͷû˼ֻʵûطȥˡȻڲӭҿھߡ
ɵΪӮҵҴϾӮҵڵĸ߲㶼ɵԷûзȻܳȥڲȥ
ڣ˼Ѿڼţǹ鷳ˡ
ɲҲվȥ
ûԥҶ˵ߡ
ţ
ʱȹŮͻȻ˿ߣ£
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ҶĻС׶ʱίиǾˮ顣
Ҷɿ֣Ȼȥɣ
˵꣬Ҷתߡ
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С׵ģҶĪһۣɫǲһģԣҪˣ𣿡
СæͷһΣҵƤˡ
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ڣˡ
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ʱҶҲʲôƢ⣬ϾбµģƢǣҸ㣬ҲƢȻ֮䲻ܺúദǾ͸߸·
˵꣬ҶСתߡľ٣еķСԷѯһҲãǣԷʶûֱӰٱ¶ȹŮӡ
ȹŮ֪ͨڣ֪ͨӮҵң³֪Ҫһǣͨ£֣ľĲһġ
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ľ˲ڱʲô
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֪ľڱʲôΪľȻϴҶ֤Ժ˽͸¶٣
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ҶȻҲľ˼Ҳû뵽ľȻϴľǼ߰ģȥͿԿȴϴ֪Укܴһԭ϶ΪС
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ҶͷСףСҲСգգۣ˵ʲôʲôҲû˵Ҷ᲻֪˼ľģ
ҶС׵ԴȻϲͺã
ҶĻСգգۣһ̣۾ΪȻҶ˼һץľǣϵЦȴʧˡ
СצָľһֻСצϻţСϣ֮ɫ

Сڽľµ˼ԺҪҶҪ͵͵߱Ҷ١
СЩľûκһһӦȻʵرЩ˼С׶̫оǣҪҶΪһǷǳµģ
С׸߸˵ıľص˺һΣûֹľ
Ҷûڶתߣ뵽ʲôתȹŮӣ齣ˣҪҪңԣ׵ģ
ȹŮӳĬôľڵ𣿲ǣľãľԼҪҶҪҶ۸ˣ
ǰλɲһ۸ģ
Ҷû˵תߣʱȹŮͻȻҴȥڣ
ҶתȹŮӣȹŮֵ߲ȥģѾ󷨣ǿأ춯Ǿͻᷢ֡
ҶȥڣǴ鷳
ȹŮӵܽ߰ɣ
˵꣬һʧԭء
ԭأҶʼ磬Ȼæȥܿ죬ŰȹŮӣһƵɽ¡
棿Ҷʡ
ȹŮ΢΢ͷҶţҳȥǣ˵Ѿ뿪ˡ
ǻ𣿡Ҷʡ
ȹŮӵҲţ
˵꣬תҪߣʱ뵽ʲôֿҶűܣ㻹ع⣬ΪʹڣҲû֪㣬֣ʱ˭ﲻ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷõģҲܣ
ȹŮӵ˵ͷȻתʧԭء
ȹŮߺҶɨһܣȻһ
˲һӺͻȻһ׹ƮҶ̧ͷһۣʱǵ׹ͻȻͣת˲׹Ҷǰ
ˣҶ㶣Ȼ㣡


1764 ֣ܴü
һŮӣŮҶʶΪǸղȥȹŮӡ
ֻŮӴĲǰȹǺȹң֮ǰҲһ
ȹŮ俴ҶǺˣ
ҶһۺȹŮӣȻ㲻
ʱҶ֣ȹŮ֮ǰǰȹŮ̫һˡңȹŮǰȹŮӵĻԷôܲʶأ
ȹŮüͷʶ
Ҷ룬Ȼģ
ģ
ȹŮüͷĸˣǺˣΪҪ
Ҷ̯̯֣⣬Լòã
ȹŮӴһҶȻǸڵҶ
ԣҶֻ
ʱȹŮӵû뵽ȻṴˣǡ
ʱȻֹͬʱɫͻȻˡΪһѾü䣬һ쵽¡
Ҷû֣סȹŮӡȻ͹˺ȹŮӡĽյȹŮüλʱȹŮͻȻʧԭأͬʱһɫҶǰһ̣ɫͻȻըѿɫ˲佫Ҷû
ת˲䣬Щɫȫʧˡ
Ҷûڳ֣Ϊ˿ȹŮѾ˾룬һסԷȻܡһסԷǴ̫ˣ
ǺȹŮȻݣҪ֣ʱҶͻȻóľľʱȹŮӶʱסˡ
Ҷ˽ΪУ
Ҷȵ֪ˡ
Ҷ˵ȹŮЩãȴûжˡȻΪľԵʡ
һʱ䣬˽
һɽ֮УʱӮɫޱȵΪڵ˵ҶѾ뿪ڡ
˵ģȻǲŵġȥѲ飬ȴǼã
һʱ䣬ٴν
ǿнȥѣζſҪڿս
Ȼǲ֪ڵʵǣ֣ǾԲڵġȻҲңڵĵ̣
ĬãӮͻȻǺߣȻѾ뿪ڣҵȾͲˡǣ
˵꣬Ӯתʧԭء
УԵһ߳ǲģ
߳ĬϢȻתͷԵİȹŮӣǳǽҶУ
ǳŮӵ˵ͷУңǽȻûΪǣȴԸ뿪
߳ߣȥ
˵꣬Χʧԭء
⡣
Ӯ֣Ҷӵڴ;ᣬˣڿ϶йϵңڿ϶ڣӮԣ½
Ӯ˵ͷֻ֪ǣѵҪڿսȻǲڣǣǿսûκκôңǼҶҪϢ
Ҷ顭½
ӮĬãȻ⣬ڴһӵģܻġУǼȫѰ˪Լ
ҶĲ𣿡½
ӮһӮȥڣڸ߲㽻һ£ܲڽҶǲܣֻİ취ˣɣ
䣬Ӯ·ࡣ
Ӯ죬ɫЩÿ
ʱҶû취ˡˣһɳʱҽҪʲôı
ڹãҶܻǵجΣ

ڡ
ʱҶȹŮӶš˶ûж֡
ûãȹŮǺ߳ҶԶ
Ҷһ۰ȹŮӣȻֿһۺȹŮӣò˵Ů˫̥Ϊʵ̫̫ˡ·ĲͬԷֲ˭˭
㣡ǳһۺȹŮӣü
ȹŮ俴һǳȻһʧԭء
ǣǺĿҶϣ׼ȷ˵Ҷеľϡ
ľã󣬺߿ҶҲӮҵ֮ĶԹڿԸӻǣڣָ
ԣҶ㶣漴ҡͷЦЦλүӣܸˡҲҪڱӻҲҪ˵ʩᡣڣΪɵĳŵڱҡ
ֱҶӲ߰ɣˣӮҵҵ˻棡ȻǶ϶Ҷߡ
ȻҶ
û˿ϻҶתߣһϢҶѾڵĳڴ
ҪʱǺȹŮֳǰ
ֱҶеƢֻǣ߾ߵĵط
ҶҡҡͷλүӣҪȸģԼҪġҪߣҲߵġ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵʵ˵ЩûʶΪүҪҲ硣ȻǾˡֱԣӮҵңʮλ澳׷ɱңһ£׼澳
˵꣬ҶֱӺߣƽޱȣȴһɻҩζ
߿ҶãȻţ
Ҷߵǰˡֱԣүӣ֣ܴü
ҶĻһԵǳƤһˡ
Ҷһͷˣֻ֪һ㣬ˣ̫ʵʱ͵šΪ㲻ţ˻ΪӣȻһ£
ͺñȴܣ򲻹ˣǣֻҪҴ򣬸ƴԺͲ۸㣡
ӲģӲºݵģݵ²ҪģҪ·ģ
ԣ˻ϣҪʱ򣬵úһ㣬÷һ㣡
ҶǰЦЦȻԣ
Ҷ˵ͷһ̣Ҷսһն¡
䣡
һըǺֱӱɿ⣬仹δͣҶǳ棬һ̡
䣡
һըǺٴαɡ
ʮϢʱ߲ˡȫҶѹƣ֮ûУ
һĻһǳĿɿڴ
߿澳εʵ
ȻҶǰѹ֮ûУҶʵôֲ
Ҷڵʵ澳λУ澳Σȴǹġ֮ǰͻȻ֣˺һֲˣһĻ
һӺҶһǺߺͣûڳֱ֡ԶǺߣүӣ𣿸ղŵڣҿֻһֻ֣һֻ֣
˵ţ֣


1765 һͷ­
Զɫǳѿ
һλûл֮
ò˵Ҷʵˡʱ˿̣еӮҵΪλôǿ׷ɱҶˡ
һﲻһﰡ
Ĭһ˲߿Ҷҵ͹ˣ
ҶЦЦû£ҲġүӣûΪУȻڲӭңҶҲûƤˣߣ
˵꣬תߡ
ʱͻȻСѣϷ֮ǰеСѱȥǷǳӭСѵġ
ԣҶͣ˽ŲתߣЦǰ˵ﻰС𣿲֪Ҷ˶֪ҶǷǳȵģ
΢飬ȣû
ʱҶֵߵģǣȻôӭңߣ̫ˣԣҲߣҵ
ǳѾ̲סˣ
Ҷˡ
źǳҶ֮ǰɽɽ¡
ʵﲻڡͻȻ
ҶֻڵΧ
ߵ˵ͷ߰ɣȥ
䣬ͻȻڿն𣬳ɽȥҶǳ
ܿ죬ɽɽҶЩˡɽ֮ϣһĹ٣ҪÿһǳĴ
ҲֻڵΧҶߣʡ
ߵ˵ͷŵڵĵط߰ɣҴȥ
˵꣬һʧԶ
Ҷǳȥ
ܿ죬ںߵĴ£һ̨ڽ봫˳һɽ֮С
ɽȲǺܴܻɽԶɽһҲ󣬵ȴһɲɣС
ͬʱҶܵ޵ϢЩϢǿ
ڲһ㰡
Ҷɨһܣжһ˿䱸
ܿ죬˽Уһˡ
Եȣϳߵ
Ҷ˵ͷɨһܣǺܴ󣬵ȴķġ
󷨣
󷨣
ʱһͻȻ˴֮С
ӣҶɫޱ澳ǿߣȻ澳ΣǣԷϢҪǿĶ࣡
Ļ
ĻĿҶϣú΢΢ͷ

ĻĻɫ΢΢һ䡣ۣǿǺܸ߰Ҫ֪ǰλҲ֮ӣĿǷǳߵģ˵棬ڵһЩŶۣ
ȻڣȴҶ˵
ҲҶۣҲ̫ˡ
ʱĻͻȻһУҶеǱľʱɵǰǰľĻһĨ֮ɫ֪ľ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ĻʵҲֻ֪Ǵϵģ
ϵģҶ⡣
Ļ΢΢ͷһһġ
һҶʣʲô
ĻĬƬ̣Ȼһͷ­
һͷ­
Ҷüͷܲϸ˵˵
Ļڵ˵ͷܶǰһ׹£һͷ­պòǿͷ­֮ϡһʼǰΪǿͷ­ʵȻǻģ
ģ
Ҷʲô˼
Ļ΢΢ҡͷѹǿͷ­һʼѹǣǿͷ­ԽԽǿԽԽΪǿͷ­ʱǿͷ­ӡ
ӡ
Ҷ㵵Ҳ˵嶼ɲǿͷ­
ĻڵҪһ㣬ֻһǿûʹãǿҲ޶ȵġңǿͷ­һˣΪǿߣǰ޻֮Ǳѹʱ򣡡
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵڣһʼǲ⽣ǿͷ­ģ󣬲ܶСΪ˴ڰæ˽ѹǿͷ­
ԼΪβҶʡ
²
Ļ֮УҲǿǿһ߲֪ʲôԭϵ֮䣬ǿĽ硣²ȥСǧ棬Ҳ²ǧ档Ȼ˶²統ǿһӦǿģ
Ҷ˵ͷӦþǵǿһΪһԷСǣΪԵʡ
ʱĻֵϴ˽ѹǿͷ­Ȼкôģôǣÿ꣬ǶһķʽһЩǿ󹦷
˵⣬Ҷ֮ǿҪԭȻȴ֣ǿͷ­֮ǿȫǵ󡣼ϴ˽ֱӡһΣ뵱Ҽ˽ãڿѾʧ

Ҷû뵽ȻڣһְæҲǣң϶Ǹйϵġ
ʱĻȻʹҲ޷ɱǿͷ­ֻǿ߽ӡҽ˽ߣϣܹΪѰҵһλǿĽޣöԷ⡣
Ҷڵ޷Ϊ⣡
ľҪǿĽ⣬ܹ⣬Ľ⣬
Ļ˵ͷó
ҶߣѾĲ˵
ʱĻֵȻܹѡ㣬ضй֮
֮
ҶҡҡͷûкСף⽣϶ǲģ
ˡ
ҶͻȻΪβǿͷ­ŪߣαҪڣ
ĻЦЦŪҲûκ壬˽ӡڵĺޣ޷ġһһҪģڣ
Ҳǣ
Ҷ˵ͷⱾڵ£Ϊ˵õôľӡ˼ң˵ǿͷ­ˣκ˿϶ĴԹ޵ġ
ʱĻʱ꣬µķӡѾԽԽɶڹãǷӡͻ᳹ʧԣǳѾͷȥѰľһΣûѡľҲûѡֻƴһ
ҶһĻʵ˵뿪ġڸʲôͷ­֮£ǲġϵĶ˵ǾǲǸʲô򵥶
ʵһǿɱǿͷ­ģ
ĻͻȻϧԷ֣
˭Ҷʡ
ĻһλޣһλǿĽޡ
һλޣ
Ҷ㶣ܿ죬뵽һˣ


1766 Խ棿
Ҷ뵽˭
ңӣ
ǿĽޣȻңӡ
ʱĻֵ֮ǿ˷ָҴδ֮ǿˡ
ңӣ𣿡Ҷʡ
ĻҶ֪
Ҷ˵ͷһϵ
ѹ֣
Ļ΢΢ͷڣΪսǰְܸ֮æӡǿͷ­ȥˡ
Ϊû֣Ҷʡ
Ļг֣ڼǿͷ­ʱǿͷ­Բѣ˵ֻһһֱӽǿͷ­ն
Ҷ
Ļֵϧûڳ֣תߡ
ΪΣҶ⡣
ĻɫЩȻҡҡͷȻ˵۸һˣ
Ҷ
ĻǰȻûᡣ˵⣬ҶСѣľζԹ޹أǣľйءľڸ㣬ԣζѲˡ
ΪΣҶ⡣
Ļǿͷ­޵ĲڣǴ˽һĿ˽ڸ㣬ԣ˵ѵ𣿳˽
ҶĬ
ĻߵҶǰһͻմڣΪ˻ϽıˣҲմ˴˽ԣڵһ٣
Ҷ˵ĺܶԣйֻǣλǰʵԶңʵǳҲ֪٣Ƕû취˵ʲô취Ҳӱܣû취
Ļ֪
Ҷ˵ʱĻͻȻԣҾ֮ʵ˽
ԣҶסˡ
֮ԼʵԼ⽣
ʱĻֵ⸱飬˵ģ
ҶһĻȻǵҰæӡǿͷ
Ļ˵ͷ֮⣬һ㣬ǾǼڣ
ڣ
ҶҡҡͷǸˣ
Ļ֪ûϵӵݡڲ㣬ֻպҪĵطܹɣ
ҶĬãȻ˵ͷã˵һ£Ȼܾ
Ļ΢΢ͷȻһһϮīɫĳ۳Ҷǰ
ǣҶ⡣
ĻڳϷ˿ϣûκܹ㡣
ϣΪʲôҶ⡣
ʱһԵǺͻȻȻΪЩ鷳дڣڵĵӾͲ鷳ˡȻǲ£ǳ£
ҶʵĿֲڣȻҲܶ࣬ҺǳĸߡǣҶǰǺܲҶɲһƲ硣ԣ취Էֹ鷳
ҶӣԼְǻ
һ£ǲǻģ
ʱĻߣ΢΢ͷȻҶӣȥһط
ģҶʡ
ߵǸطԼĵ뾭飬Ǵ½ϵ콾ţǵĵöӦаģ
Ҷ˵ͷã
ѾͷҲȥɣʱĻͻȻǳ
ǳ΢΢һ㶣漴æл
ںߵĴ£뿪˴
С
ҶȥһӰͻȻĻ
ҪϣϣӰ˳
ȻأĻʡ
ΪʲôӰʡ
ĻĬƬ̣ȻΪǱԸ˽֮߰ʹһܹ併޷ڣȴԸһˡã˻һ𣿡
ΪӰ˳
Ļ΢΢ҡͷȻóһᣬϣ㿴
˵ţǾɵ˺Ӱ˵ǰãӰ˳Ǹ
Ļ˵ͷȻ̧ͷʣжһ˿ǳǺܿ죬˿ǳ˱䡣


ںߵĴ£Ҷһ¥ǰ¥󲻴ֻ㣬󣬷ԵûЩС
ڵĽأ
ʱͻȻһˣ޷ҲԽȥǽȥɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǳ¥ĵһ㡣
սһ㣬һ߱ǳ˵ǰ
ߣҶɫʱ
澳Σ
ǰλ߾ȻҲ澳Σ
ߴһҶǳȻ䣬ֱʧԭء
Ҷǳһۣ˳ǰȥһᣬͣǰʯʯϣһơ
ǳĿмǸϣѡ
ΪΣҶʡ
ǳΪλŮġ
Ҷʯ·Ȼһ֣㣡
ڵʮĴǳʮ澳Σ
ʮ澳Σ
ҶƤһ츳
ʱǳߵǹǰȻڵأɲǼ䣬ǹѩţһưɫȺŮӳ˹ǰ
ŮӿԼʮ꣬òȴһϡ
ŮӳֺҶ֣ǳЩˡ
Ŀǳϣһǳü΢ǳһĻʱɫʱҰ
Ĭһ˲ҡҡͷ츳̫
˵꣬Ҫصǹ
ʱҶͻȻ£츳Σ
㿴ҶҶһ˲һ㣡
ʱһͻȻü䡣
󵨣
ʱһŭͻȻڳ𣬽ţ֮ǰ߳˳УʱŭҶ
Ҷûйܻߣֱ㣬һΣ
ֱҶϢȻ
Ҷ
ʱֵǣͬףҽӲ£
Ļǻ߶ʱ㣬Ǿ֮ɫȻ𾪵ģҪ֪ǰλľ콾
˵ҶͬףҶ
ԶҶսȻ΢΢һ񣬡ʧˡҶǰ޶⣬ֻ˵츳ܾһ˵δҲӦ츳ȥһˣ
㿴ҶãȻڵӣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ
üͷдŲ֮ɫ
ʱǻͻȻ˲ڵӣϡΪǱľ
㿴Ҷ㽣Ѿﵽ棬ȴѡõָ㡭ڣԼⳬԽ棬ﵽ߲𣿶ˣɱ⣡
ԣҶ˫۶ʱ
ɱⳬԽ棡


1767 ͨǰ޹ˣ
桱ʱĽʵѾﵽˡ⣬ɱҲʱﵽ棡
ǣûùɱ뽣⡣
ûùǻȥǣ
ΪҪĲǽɱ棬׷ǽıʡ
ˣҶǰ׷ǽıʡ
ظ
޲ɼΪλн⣿Ϊнн⡣ԣĽΪһ壬֣֮
ԣҶʱסˡ
ǰ
ɽģ뽣Ϊһ壬ﰡ
ˣҶʱԼ޴Ҫ֪ڽѾǿһ¥ʱӳ֣ĽͲֻв澳Σ澳ζвˣ
뵽⣬ҶЩܵˣ
Ķ𣿡ʱͻȻ
Ҷ㣬ȻǰҶֱӵˣ˵ɣʲôҪ󣡡
΢΢ͷҲûʲôرҪ󣬾ϣպܹػڣ
Ҷһ㣬ǰڸôʶ澳ǿУ඼Щ⣬Ķĺܵˡ
΢΢ͷһţһҡ˵⣬ɨһ۳еЩʯ֪ô𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
Ǹ̶ȣʵģһЩߣҲԻɱǡǣǻˡΪǲǱɱģɱ
ɱҶüͷǲ֮ɫ
΢΢ͷÿӡɶʱڶǿԼı֮ȥӹ̷ӡ
ԣҶһĨȣЩǿԼ֮ȥӹ̷ӡ̫˽˰ɣ
⣿
Ҷ˵ͷǳ⣡
һӡױƳڱضԷɱļȮ
ҶҲұ֤ܹԸ˶Է
˵ͷǣϣ
ΪΣҶ⡣
ֱҶΪǱ㡣
Ҷ齩Ӳܿ죬ҡҡͷʵ˵ԷǸǸСףСȥӡɡ
ʱͻȻ֪澳֮ϵĽ뾳𣿡
Ҷջ˼㣬Ը꣡
֮棬֮
Ҷ⡣
˵ͷ棬˽ıʣ˽ıʣǿ˽뿴ƣƣȴͺñˮƣȴ𣡡
ҶҪ
΢΢ҡͷûнݾֻй򣡡
򣿡Ҷ㣬֪ۣ
ﵽʱӰԹۣ
ǰﵽҶ㵵
ҡҡͷûУֻҵ⾳ﵽԣһ㣬ĽԼɱﵽȻҲұ֤һУҪ˵컯
Ҷ˵ͷл
ʱ㿴һԵǳѾͷҲһɣ
ǳ㵣ʱֵ˵ĶԣҲ츳ԼǱȥһˡȻѾطѡˣǾԵԣܹõʲôͿԼ컯ˣ
ǳæһ񣬡л˵ţֿһԵҶл
֪ҶղǷ϶ǲġ
ҶЦЦû˵˵֮Ͷѡ
ʱͻȻһӣɲǼ䣬˳еĳһãܿ죬˳һڵңڵ֮УһŮӡ
Ů㣡

ʱ
Ҷǳʶһۣʱɫͬʱһ䣬ΪǷ֣ǾȻ㽨ĳϵܿ죬˷֣˾ȻܹܵʱܵһУ
һִͨ
ʱͻȻ𣬡֮佨Ǳ˴ڶʱڸܵ˴˵һСֻһʱʱ䣬ܲܵõʲôԼ컯
䣬Ǹʧˡ
ԣҶ˫ۣȻԼȥһᣬǸоԼΪһ塣˵˿̵ֻҪͷһͿ֪һУܡǣûô
ˣǲִ磬Ǿû˼ˡ
Ҷջ˼רĿʼŴ˿ĸо
ԭ¥һС
뻪ǰһĻǹĻ֮УҶǳ㡣
ܾ𣿡ͻȻʡ
ҡҡͷܣ
㡭ߴ㵵
㿴ŹĻ֮еҶǿͷ­Ͻ׹׹ʱѾ˼صˣǣڸǿߣ޷ɱ˱ضһ֮һ
˵⣬˶٣ֵҶ澳οܶԸǿͷ­
ΪĻҪʡ
㿴ҶãȻ˭˵ڰ
ԣǻ߳Ĭˡ
ã߿ЦЦʵһܹնɱǿͷ­ģϧ
ң𣿡
ߵ˵ͷοˣ
ĬãȻͨǰ޹ˣ

֮УҶǳڵأ˴˿̽ڸ
ʵ׼ȷ˵ڸ㵱⾳ʱĸо飬ڣͨͨ꾭鴫ڸǳ
Ҷǳ˵ȻкܴܴôģΪߺܶܶ·
ŵҵ֮ԱȺܶɢ޳ɳҪ죬ΪǱɢҪߺܶܶ·Ϊеĵ·ϣڸָ·
ʱһһȥܿ죬һʱȥ
˿̣ҶǳѾص¥С
˶ڵأû۾
㿴һˣȻҪǣ
˵꣬һûǹС
һӺҶͻȻʧԭء
У
ȻҪںҪ֪ڵʮ죬һ졣ȻҲû䱸ʱ춯ͻ֣
ڵʵ澳ܵһᣡ
ҶʧǻȻȣȴûʲôÿ˶ԼܣҶȻҲС
ʱһһȥ
ܿ죬Ѿȥһ¡
˿̣ǳѾ۾һĨϲȻ粢ûǣľȴѾõһεľʤޣ
ʱҶͻȻԡ
˿̣ҶҲ۾
Ҷʱǳʱס㣬ôˡ


1768 δ룡
˿̣Ҷ֮ǰģѾһ
Ϊ˿ҶͷȻ΢΢ף·մȾѩͷһЩ˵֮ǰҶʮ꣬ڣʮ꣡
죡
˿̵Ҷ֮ǰ̫̫ˡ
ʱҶǳǰ
ĿҶϣкθ򣿡
Ҷͷ˿Լ֣Ὣƽһ̣һӣ
䣡
ǳ㵵Ŀ֮У¥ڵĿռ侹ȻҲЩռ䣬ڵĿˮһ㣬ҼšȻȴܲκε
ʱ⡭Уڣ޼Σϲˣ
Ļǳʱ
⣡
̶ʱڣҶȻﵽ⣡
ʵǶ̶ʱ䡣
ʮ죬ںڣǿ졣죬൱һʱ䣡
һʱڣ⣬̽һһ̽һһĥеĿᣬֻԼŶں֮Уһʱ䣬ԴһƬհף
Ƕʱ䣬ʹʱΪǶʱ䣬ãˡԴͬǦĸо̫ʹˡ
ûз
һڽԼĽ⣬ɱⶼﵽ
Ľɱ澳ĽɱĲͬУڣ޼ΣҲ棬ıʣıʣ澳Ļ
ͺñˮȻˮɱ
ԣǵ߸澳澳Ļ
˵Ѿȫ澳εǿߡȻҪɱ澳εǿߣûô׵ġȴ񵱳ǰ㱻澳ǿѹˣ
ջ˼Ҷǰ㣬лˡ
Ů˸ָ·飬Ҫﵽ֪Ҫʲôʱ򡣲Ů˵ĿʲôǣԷݰʵڵģ
Լ컯
⾳ʵ϶ҲǣмǣҪСκˣرһЩ澳εǿߡ
Ҷ˵ͷףҲСκ˵ģ
УġܶУǶԷʵǶԷС
ԶҪСԼĶ֣
ʱͻȻܿľ𣿡
ҶһۣȻ˵ͷһСױľС

ʱĿͻȻС׵ϡС̧ͷһ㣬ȻһЦ
΢΢һЦҶǸ˵ļһֻ벻׵ǣСһӦϲ˵ģ㡭ˡֱԣһ㶼ƣһ㶼
Ҷߣô˵ģ
ʱСͻȻɿľȻֻСצĺţԼͷҶ°͡һҾϲӡ
ҶһůС׵СԴҲϲ㣡
ʱһԵͻȻһУľʱɵǰĬһ˲ҶСףСӣң⽣Ǹ㣬ǸСһģ
ԣҶһǺܿͻָ㣬ǰΪô˵
˽ƣϲҲƣ˻飬Сһպ÷ϡȴϣң˽ӦüΪųǣ
Ҷû˵һУľʱɵУһӣһڳ쳹
Ҷ㣬ǰų𣿡
ʵľȷʵųľƢ˲٣٣ڲǰôˡУû
㿴ҶãȻ΢΢ͷⲻҪҪʵˡϣܹסҵĳŵ
Ҷ˵ͷȻʵĻԣľ֮Ѿմˡ
΢΢ͷĵãԼǵһЩǿطȤ𣿡
УȻУ
ҶæͷЦôõ£ôûȤ
಻羫ԴĽѼǿҲǳʺ㣬һЩȻЩ඼ֻʺǶʺ㡣
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵȥ㣬ʺĶ
˵꣬תҪǹ֮С
ʱҶͻȻðһ£ǰǻŻǡ
תҶ˺ܾˡµһƾǣĿܹҵĴиһһγȻϣһγ
ΪʲôҶʡ
Ĭһ˲Ȼڳζš
˵⣬ͻȻҡҡͷȻһʧ˳С
УҶһǹڿҪʲô°
ôģʱһԵǳͻȻ
Ҷǳƹ츳ãǣһʱࡣȥúҲԵģ
˵꣬ȥ
츳ǳ

츳һ㶼ãΪ˱ǳʮʱ䡣Ȼ츳ãǣҪǳǿģӦ˵˶Ҫǿ
֣Ŭ
ɹؾ
Уǳ΢΢ͷĬãת뿪˴
ܿ죬ڻߵĴ£Ҷ˵㡣
ʱͻȻͣȻӣ˵ڽأҲ氲ߵĵطԣӲҪ
֮ǰҶýָû
ҶڨЦЦ
߿һҶȻ˵ͷ
㲻ȥҶ
ҡҡͷȥ
ΪΣҶʡ
߿ԶǵţΪλ˵Ҫ
ΪȥҶʡ
߿ɬһЦΪȥҲΥ
Ҷ
ɣߵ
ҶһǻߣȻȥˣ᲻£
ԥ£ȻӦòɣ
ȷ𣿡Ҷ
ҡҡͷλƢеֵġ
Ҷ΢飬ûڷϻһǵС
ҶȥһΪĬ

ǵкҶֻ֣һ֮ǰǸһֹ
ҶɨһܣĿǹϣȻˣ𣿡
ûзӦ
ҶߵǹǰȻǹ·֣δ룡
δ룿
Ҷһ۹ʱһֻͻȻ׵סĺ
һϢ˲Ҷȫ
ܿ죬Ҷֱӱָֻͬʱһڳ𣺡˭ģ
Ҷ˵
ǲ
һͷڳ𡭡


1769 Ų
ͷȻҶĹͷֻѿûг׶ϵ
оԼͷҪѵһ˲Ҷɫ䣬һ̣ɿֲ⾳ϯ
䣡
һըҶʱоԼһɡ
⣬ɱ⣡
ʱһͻȻҶ𣬡е˼
ҶתȥԶƯһŮӣŮӿֻжʮ꣬ͷŮӲ̫һΪͷһϸСıӡ
ŮӵòȴһĨΪɲĻȣŮӿ˼Ұԡ
Ůˣ
Ҷ΢飬ڵôŮôࣿ
ҶһŮӣһֱ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾŮӵǰţһֱŮü䡣
죡
쵽£
˵ڵʵ澳εǿ߶Խһڼӳ⾳澳εǿ߶׽һ
ȻŮü仹аʱȴ޷ڽֺ
ΪĽ׵ָסˣ
ԼĽסҶɫ˲
ʱŮǷһĨ˵Цݣ棡
䣬ָͻȻһ
أ
Ҷֱӱʮɿ⣡
ҶͣеĽڲֶڲ
ʱδŮͻȻҶ˹ָ
Ҷ΢΢ͷĬһ˲һֱ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾδת˲δ󾱡δûжôվţֱӴδĺ󾱣
ȻֻǲӰ
ͬʱһֻͻȻҶļϡ
ҶһʱδǰδҶļ򣬡ϧٶȻ̫ˡҵģ
䣬ҶеĽֱӳУһ̣Ҷʮ⡣
δ뿴ҶЦţ
䡣
˲Ҷü䡣
죡
쵽ҶûзӦ
Ҷ
ʱδգգۣ̫ˣû壿һ㣡䣬Ѿʮ⣬Ȼֵˣ
£δֱʧԭأ
ʧһ˲⾳ȻҶϯȻδеǱǵü䣡
δգգۣɣ
Ҷ˵ͷܿ죡Ŀ죬ԷٶȣѾˡ
ԭΪԼٶѾܿˡǣٶŮ˱ֱСƣ
ҶĻδһЦ֪ԴģУŲŲƣռŲƣǴ󣬶ŲƣԼĿռҪȥĵطĿռŲƣɣ
ռŲƣ
Ҷһδ룬Ȼ˵ͷ
δ뽫ݵҶǰȻϧôƣȻһŲƣԺʮأ
Ҷ
Ҫôܸء
δһָԼͷϣʲô
ʱҶأڿŲƶԶ
δ뿴Ҷ˭
Ҷ
δɫҲ˵κ˲׼ң
˵ţɫȻЩ
Ҷ˹Ů˲
δɫԽԽ䣬ҶһȻæǰģԣ
㣿
δüͷãҶ˭
Ҷ
ʱδͻȻ㡭㡭Ŷˡҵͽܣ
ͽܣ
Ҷ۾ԲǸ㾹ȻǰλͽܣʲôЦ澳εǿ߰ңԷ⾳ﵽ澳֮ϡ
ԷȻλͽܣ
λ˭
ʱҹδ뿴Ҷʲô
Ҷ룬Ȼ֮ǰʱҾٶȺܿ죬Ȼ˵˱ҿܶܶ౶ġҲţȻˣҸղżʶٶȣȻ󡭡
ԣδ۾һȻô
ҶδһۣȻͻȻδһ񣬡ڼǰٶȺҲŷ֣ҵٶжôҵٶǰٶȣֱө£޷ȡǰԸΪʦѧϰŲ
δЦݸӲˡҶļ򣬡СӣʵٶҲǿԵġرʹﵽٶȣѾѵˣǣŲҲܽ㣡
Ҷ㶣ȻΪʲôǰѧϰŲŲУұضûģ
δҡҡͷ㻹ǲѧ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
δŲŲƿռ䣬ҪԿռкܸߵ裬Ҫ㹻ǿΪŲƵһ˲ٶȿ쵽˼£˺ǿһ˲ֱӽ˺ѳƬ
ԣҶЦˡ
Цʲôδ
ҶЦЦû˵һӣɲǼ䣬ΧĿռֱŤת˲ֱʧԭء
ռ䷨򣡡δһĨ졣
ҶδǰȻϱ׼ɣ
δҶļȻҲԡ˵⣬˶٣ֵѧ
Ҷ˵ͷѧ
δһᣬȻ˵ͷãҽ㣡
ԣҶһϲæδһ񣬡л
δû˵һָҶü䣬ܿ죬ҶжϢ
Ų
һͨһ˲пռŲƣԼ˲ﵽԼҪȥĵط⹲㣬㣬ֱӺ򣬽ǼŲƣ
ѣ
ǳѣǾġ

ʱҶʼŲŲɹȫҪھ澳εǿߣ澳εǿ浥
ңӮʱ򣬻ֱŲܣ
ڴһӵģҪȥ棬Ӯҵҿ϶ǲŹģʵȥǱԷ׷ɱġ


ҶʱһС
Уֻˣˣֱ㣬Ļδ룡
δվǰ棬Ļδࡣ
ĻͻȻʦš᲻⣿
δ˫΢գţҲλĶ֣
ĻԷĻ𣿡
δ΢΢ҡͷûѡˡ꣬˻ɱʱڣѾ޷ֹ㱾⣬ܡǣǱ嶼⣡
ĻǰǰҶڵңǼңĻ΢΢ҡͷӸҸоܾͬһ
δ뿴ңǾĿԴ
ˣ
ʱͻȻ


1770 
УҶ۾һֱ̣ӳ⣬һֳ̣⣬ת˲ֳʮ⣡
λڳвϱ任š
ûвӰ
ٶǹ죬ڿռ֮²ӰȻһһӰûУ
ǴŲԭٶȵ
Ųƣ
ֱŲԼĿռ䣬Ǿռ䣬ԣڿռ֮²Ӱ
ֻ˴Ųĵһ㡣һ㣬ֻ𲽣ǵڶ㡣ڶ㣬ѾһĿռ֮нŲơڵ㣬δԣԽпԽŲƣ
һ㡭һȻֻ𲽣ǣȴҲǿٳԽԭٶȡ
ŲƵľȴ̫Զ̫ԶĻ᲻ҲΌס
ڣ
ڵľ룬˲ɱһ澳εǿߣ
ǣľ룬ûˡң⣬ҲʩչŲɣڵٽ㡣ǳ˲ݽѡ
ȻʵŲպ϶ᱻɵľƵġ
Ҫһ̣
ʱδҶǰҶǷһĨЦݣϲɹˣ
Ҷδ룬л
δ΢΢ҡͷлͲˣȡˣ
ȡ裿Ҷ⡣
δ˻֣뿪ɣ밲һᣡ
Ҷһδ룬Ȼ˵ͷûͣת뿪˵¥
¥⣬ĻҶǰ
ϲˣĻЦ
ҶЦЦл
Ļ΢΢ͷҴȥͷ­ķӡ֮أȥʶһ£ûɣ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷã˱˵ĺôȻҪġʱʵǲܶԸͷ­Ҳƴġ
ĻȥϢɡʱѰң
˵꣬תʧԭء
Ļȥһ߳ҶǰȻ룡
Ҷ˵ͷܿ죬ߣҶһСԺ
ӵסκҪ֪һɣ
˵תʧԭء
ҶɨһܣȻһ䷿֮УϣҶڵء
ܿ죬ڣȻ˵һ㡣ճڵһ㣬ǳǰ
Сӣһ㲻Ծ
ﲻԾҶ
Сӣװ˾Ƶģ˵ûоԾ
ҶĬϢȻʵôࡣôңҾͻôǡ
ǣǶжĻڵʵ޷Կǡ˵ǣ֮ǰŮģκһܹԿġرǸӵŮˣ֪Ǹı壡
ʱҶͻȻ棬֣һֱһ⣬ܷΪҽ𣿡
ʲô
Ҷĵλǲڷһ㣬Ҳ͵ȥȻ˪ڷܹԿ澳εǿߡ֣ȻܹԿһλ澳ǿߣǣսʤһλ澳ǿߡ˵澳ΣڿҶ򲻹
浭˵ʲô
ҶߵǰȻֱ棬Ҿãı壡
Ҷ£ͻȻ
ʵ⣬ҶܾǰˡΪϽޣң϶һޡǣһϽޣȴô
ܲ
ϾڼĹߣ˻ޣǷǳţĴڡ棬ȻҲԣȴ˵ţˡ
ⱾͲı壡
ʱͻȻҶǰ棬ϹĴ֮һƹ飬λܷΪôôأ
Ҷ棬ֻһƷ
ȻǷ
Ϊ뿪磬ضע⡣ңҲ
ΪΣҶ⡣
Ƭ磬ǵ߿ٳģΪ˱ǧСǧ棬ǸСǧ˽硣
˵⣬˶٣ֵǲԣǣʵ̫ǿ̫ǿģᴥ硣ԣʹǵˣҲ÷Ǳ塣岻ƻ磡
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻһԵ棬Ц֣ڴĺܲ
濴һҶ֪Ϊ𣿡
ҶΪ
˵ͷǴǧһڴǧ棬û˲õ
ǵһ
ʱͻȻǴǧһ
Ҷ濴𣬻бȺĴڣ
˵ע£һ˵⣬˶٣ֵʵУ

Ҷ㶣Ȼģ
ھŲ㣡
ʲôҶʡ
ԺлᣬȻ֪ġ䣬һʧԭء
Ҷ
ʱͻȻСӣŬɡڵʵǧ棬ȷʵ㲻ǣǾ仰ұҪܶܶ࣬Ҳܶܶ࣡
˵꣬ҲתҪ뿪ʱ뵽ʲôͻȻתҶСӣ㲻Ժǿ
Ҷ棬Ҫ𣿡
ֱҶأ
ҶЦЦǾȥ
濴ҶãȻ˵ʵʶôãҷ֣һǵ͹㡣ԺվһߣҲСΪУȻҲϣǳΪˡϾСӣ»ˣͦθڵģ
䣬תһʧԭء
ԭأҶЦЦȻҲʧԭء
Ҷջصʵһ
Ҷһ۴ţȻ
֨
Ż򿪣һȹŮӳҶУȹŮӣǳ
ò˵ǳǷǳƯģرǹʣѩɽ֮ѩ˳Ⱦ
ҶһǳȻƹ£
ǳ΢΢һЦ֣һھٰᣬ׼ȷ˵ǽᣬûȤμӣ
᣿
ҶҡҡͷûʲôȤһУЩСƨ
ǳ֪ʵǿ󣬵ǣֻкôء
ô˵Ҷʡ
ǳӦ֪ȥЩţ˵ţڣ磬ǸʲôӰһ˿̣Ҳڡ⣬ǰ֪ĳšѵ𣿡
Ӱһ
Ĭһ˲Ҷ˵ͷãȥڷҲģ
ԣǳǶʱһĨ˵ЦݣЦݣЩ죡


1771 壡
ǳҶһ䳡
ڱ䳡룬һ޴ı̨̨󣬳ǧɡʱڱ̨֮Ͻš
ǳҶʱ˵Ŀʱ˹
׼ȷ˵˵Ŀǳϡ
Ҷ֣Щ֮У˺еİĽ
Ҷһǳò˵ŮȷʵңǸģҪ
ʱǳͻȻסֱۡ
һ̣˵ĿⶼҶϡ
Ҷǳǳ΢΢һЦæඣ
ƣ
˿̣Ҷλ֪Ů⣬ʵƵģ
ڴˣҶлЩϲģΪϲ鷳ԼŮ˵ĻȻ鷳ǣǳŮ˰
Ҷ˵ʱһӰͻȻԶһ̣ǵӰֱЯһǿҶǰţһֻ˶ȭͷֱӱҶԴ
ǿֱӽҶΧĿռѿ
Ҷ˫΢Уһ̣ͬһȭ
䣡
һըǵӰֱӱسʮɡ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣǰԶһźɫ۵ӡӴԼʮ꣬ɢһɿ񱩵Ϣ
˿̣˶Χ˹˵ĿҶϣдһ˿ȡ
һ˭Ȼܹ˿񣡡
֪ǳʦϵ

ҶһӣȻֿһǳһ¡ȻӣʵûҪ߰
ȻҪ˵ͻȻָҶǳȻ䲻㣬ǣ䲻㡣
Ҷ
ǳ΢΢ҡͷҵ¡
ûйǳǿҶҲ˭ǣ뿪ȻҲһͼϵ̫ˡ
ԣҶɫһûзϻ˳סǳ֫ţֱ񣬡ҧң

һƬȻ˶Ҷ
ǳҲҶ˿̣ҶڽɳǵһĻҶڽɳǿ˼ˣ
Ҷ棬ҶĻɫ˲ھ
䣬һʱһСһ̣ҽ͵һ棬Ȼ˻һ⳯Ҷ˹ȥ
ҶԴʮʱͻȻͣΪָס
һ̣ɫˣ
ɫҲһ̱ˣ
Ҷֱ񣬡ҿ䣬ͻȻһɣһ̣δӦ£ֱӿסĺ
˵ע£ҶͻȻסĺһҡ
أ
ѿԴֱ˵֮УѪĽ
ҶԼǰû˵ҽͻȻź߸һߡ
أ
ֱӱһŸߵǧɿ⡣
ʱһͻȻҶԶӿһҶ˰ɣ
ˣ
ҶǷһĨЦݣղų֣û˿֡Ҫɱҵġ˵ģûɱѾʴˣ
ӿҶãȻҿܲˬ
ҶֱӽӣҲˬ˶ȥˣϼ
΢΢ͷһ̣һһɫǹСõǹһ̣˲·Ҫ̴أ
ûж֣ǿҶԵǳɱ㲻ɣ
ǳһ۽ӣȻñ֡
ЦЦôɱ
ǳ˵ͷ
ɱ㿴
£ֱʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰͬʱеĳǹֱӳҶ˹ȥǹռѣޱȣ
ҶȻѪǣȥɱˣ٣ˣǲȥҶԷ鷳ġڣǰλֻΪǳһ𣬶ԷҪɱ
ǿԣ
ջ˼һУһ̣оֹˡ
ǹͣҶüλãǱǹͣǣֻҪڽһ㣬ǹͿԶҶԴ
ǹ֮ͣΪһǹϡ
һ˲
ͣ
ͻȻпǱǹɫ䣬æ֣Ȼһ˰ɿ⡣Ȼһֻұȴûи뿪
һֻѪֱܵԿл׹䣬˵ϡ
һ̣ɫˡ
ȫҶ
˭
ڳ˴˿е뷨
Զ̧ͷҶǡ
δ˵꣬ͻȻһֱӵü䡣˲佩Ӳ
֣
ʱǳͻȻûҪɱˣ
ҶһǳȻЦȻɱˣ䣬ջ˽Ȼֱ񣬡ûǿʵˣҪ͵һ㣡
Ҷû˵
ʱһ߳ҶǰߵӣҪ㣬ﲻ㣬һˣ
Ҷ˵ͷã
˵꣬ǳʧˣ
䣬ֱʧԭء
˭
ԭأԶǳʡ
ǳһܷˡ

һС
ڣֻҶĻǺߡ
С֣ȥǷӡ֮ذɣĻ
ȥ𣿡Ҷʡ
Ļ΢΢ҡͷΪһЩ飬ԣֻǰȥˡûɣ
ҶһĻȻû⣡
Ļ΢΢ͷߣ
䣬һӣҶֱʧ˴С
ܿ죬ҶĻһƬ֪Ĵɽǰɽܹ죬Ϊɽܣ鲼ѪɫķиѪɫЩӴ֣ҷǳĶ࣬Щһ鲼ɽ
ǿͷ­棿Ҷʡ
Ļ˵ͷɽף߰ɣ
˵ţĻڴ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻҲ˹ȥ
ܿ죬˽ɽ֮УҶ֣ɽڣҲǵŹѪɫ
һ
һһǳǿ
Ҷɨһܣа䱸ʱͻȻ𣬡е㲻򵥣Сĵ㡣
ôҶʡ
ŵаϢ
壿Ҷʣʲô
һǳǿ塣˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵսֵ֮ˣģ
Ҷ
ʱĻͻȻͣת˲ֱʧԭأʧһ˲ΧЩѪɫͻȻŶһεҶܡ
Сӣȥˣ
ʱͻȻ
⣬岻ǳ
ʱһĴЦͻȻɽɲǼ䣬ɽʼҲ


1772 ᣡ
Ҷֻ
ı
˿β֪ԷΪ˰һӡͷ­˼һ
ʱһͷ­ͻȻҶǰԶͷ­ûͷͷһɫĹ򡣶ͷ­ߣָͷ­
ͷ­Ҷг˻ȣһпһŮһ㡣
ʱĻҶԶ
ҶĻôҲǰһ°ɣ
ĻĬһ˲Ȼǿͷ­վҪģʹǱľҲֹˡ
ȻأҶʡ
ĻȻҪˣǣڼȫ֮ĻʹɱҪŪлǿԵġҲԣǴһԼΪѰһλ壬Լ˷ģ֮뿪ڣѰ鷳
ҶȻҵң
Ļ˵ͷΪ㲻ϸǾʵڿ⡣
⣡
ǿͷ­ͻȻЦһ˲˲ضҶǳĲ־ᶨҲᶨҪǽףǳ
Ҷûйǿͷ­ĻĻ
Ļ΢΢һЦȻϣĻϣڣȻҲк֡
Сӣ
ʱǿͷ­ͻȻĻ֣ǲˣʲôڣһٸûá
ĻϧǸ̬֮£ʦԣ໥ƴûκ塣ԣԸѰ壬ø³ڶԸµ̬ȣأ
ǿͷ­ĻãȻãԣȥѰ鷳ģȻʲôˣǣȴм˵ѡ
Ļ΢΢ͷȻһҶҪҵȰæ𣿡
ǿͷ­ǷһĨмһ澳϶Ըˣ̫ûЩ
Ļ΢΢ͷףºˣ
䣬һֱʧԭء
УֻʣҶǿͷ­
ǿͷ­ֱҶ㣬ҾͲᷴΪǺ壬һǳʹࡣ
ҶĬһᣬȻô
ף˵˵ǿͷ­
ҶЦЦҰңô
ң
ǿͷ­ǷһĨмܵķǴ˽֮Ů˴Ͻģʵ޷նЩ
ҲҿأҶ
ˣ
ǿͷ­ΪҳȥҲҪѰģȻһʵ޷ӡһˣܳҡ㣬ԣԣ𣿡
Ҷ룬ȻĲڿˣ
Ȼ
ǿͷ­£һǿסҶȻҪȥ
ҶȻ־ܣٽһ
䣡
һƿնȥǹʱһ˿ת˲ǹ³֣ţǧ˿һҶҶһһǿͷ­ȥ
ҶɫƽľһɲǼ䣬һֶֺǹ˲䱻飬Ҷһˡ
ӣЦ
ҶҪӣǿͷ­ǷһĨһ̣ҶܵĿռͻȻЩռһһһ㳯Ҷѹȥ
ЩĿռ䣬ҶٽһһֱӽǰĿռ˺ѿţһռѷǰҪǿռѷʱǰĿռͻȻ׵ػָˣ
ͬʱһаͻȻǰĿռ糱ˮӿ
䣡
ҶֱӱسˣһˣҶֻص֮ǰλá
Ľ
ʱǿͷ­ͻȻò˵һ˲š
Ҷתǿͷ­ûзϻһ̣һֱӳǿͷ­ǰȻճǿͷ­һ˲һǿ󰮴ֱӺҶĽϡ
䣡
һըҶ˲䱻ɿ⣡
̫
ʱǿͷ­Ȼʵǣڱ˵꺢ͯǴ˿̱𱻷ӡҲܹԿҪˣΪ壬ң
ԶҶǷһĨЦҿɲ־ܣ
䣬΢΢һһɫϻǰת˲һǿͷ­ȥͬʱɫ˲佫ǿͷ­Χ
һ̡
ͣ
ֱӽǿͷ­ΧĿռи飬Ȼǿͷ­ȴǰȻ£
е죬Ϊǿͷ­ڵĿռѾиǣǿͷ­ȴûһ£
˷ǿͷ­кż
Ҷǿͷ­ãȻ
Ľﵽһ㣬ǾǣǴڿռ֮Уǳ˿ռ䣬ˣʹǿռ䱻飬ǽҲ¡ڣǰ˾
澳˫һϣ
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻָǿͷ­һ㣬ɲǼ䣬һ⼤ȥǿͷ­ɴЦ뼥ȻƽǰʱɫͻȻˡ
䣡
һըǿͷ­ֱӱسʮɡһ˶ûУ
ǿͷ­Ҷɱ⣬е͹ˣ
Ҷû˵ҽ͵һ棬ɲǼ䣬˻һ⳯ǿͷ­ȥ
ӳ⾳Ľ⣡
ǣǿͷ­ʱһصͻȻ֮ϡ
䣡
ɢҶֱӱ˰ɿ⣬һͣҶǱһĨѪ
𣿼ǿͷ­Ц
ҶĨĨǵѪת˲ֱʧԭأٴγʱѾǧ⡣
ӣ
ǿͷ­ЦЦһ̣һǿǵصĳҶϯȥٶȺܿ죬ֱӽԶҶʱҶеĽϼӣһⲻֶ
ɲǼ䣬нݺύռ䱻иһһ飬ޱȡ
ҶϷš
һУˣδ룬㣬Ļ
ǰһĻĻ֮еĻ棬Ҷ
ֿõģͻȻ
ĻңҲ־ܣ
ϧһеķͽͣ
Ļ˵ͷȻ˹Ļ
Уδһ˲˲Ҷû˵
ɽ֮У˲ʱҶûзˡ
˿̵Ҷһ֣֮޷
ֱֱǿͷ­ɱˣ
ǿͷ­˫ۻڿԳȥˣ
䣬ֱӻһڹûҶü䡣
ʱҶͻȻһĨΪɲĻȡ


1773 ͵ҵķ
ᣡ
ͷ­Ҫ壬ҶµʲôǶᡣ
Ϊڣк˵ľ꣬ɺġҪֻȸɵ
ǰԺûʲôȷĸڣˡǴǧıңǷǳǳıܵ˵Ժǳġ
ǰͷ­ǾԲܸɵģڵܡ
֮ǰ֮ԷΪͷ­ɡҪ֪£˶ǻᷴģɶԷᣬԷǼпܻɵġ
ʱԷҪŪȻڶᣬǾˣ
Ϊ˲öԷ⣬֮ǰ˷ûеƾ
ڣԷʶ֮С
ǿͷ­ҪжʱͻȻһǿֱӽǿͷ­Ū˺ڡ
ںʱǿͷ­ʱˡ˫۴һܣģ
ʱǰ浭һۣ£
ǿͷ­ĿϣüͷͻȻ۾Բ棡Ĵ֮һ棬㣬ô
ֵ£
ǿͷ­ɫһ䣬ʱüͷͻȻԣ㲻Ǳ壬Ƿ
浭һۣû˵ſ˵ϡ
ӣǿͷ­ɫһ䣬һǿֱӳϯȥ
ͻȻ̧צӶǰһġ
䣡
һӴбһʱǿͷ­Ҫ֣ȴͻȻ㣬Ҿ͵͵һ㡣
͵͵ҵķ񣿡
ǿͷ­һת˲һаͻȻ˳УΣ沢ûκζֻſšǹаҪʱͻȻһǿͻȻǹֱӺǹаϡ
䣡
һǹа˲仯ޡ
һĻǿͷ­ɫһ䣬̧ͷһʣܿ죬ɫһᣬ棬ΪҸܲǿգܲ﷨﾿ʲôط
濴һǿͷ­Ȼ˫۱û˵
ʱһ׹ţСױľǿͷ­ǰ
Сױľǿͷ­۾գѽգ˺ѯʡ
ǿͷ­Сеľʱɫ˲һ̣һǿͻȻСľ˹ȥ
һĻС˫ԲȻû뵽Դ֡
һԵȴۿһǿͷ­֮Уһ˿
棬˭СǸ϶ΪĹϵǲһĺáҶ԰Сһ
Ȼǿͷ­ֵһ̣һǿͻȻ׹£ֱӺǿͷ­ϡ
䣡
أ
ǿͷ­ֱӱ䵽ǧ⣬˵֮ϣأԲǧڵĵֱӹѿ·һ㡣
ǿͷ­Щˣʱһ׹£ȻֱӺԴϡ
أ
ٴαǧ⣡
ǣûнһ׹£һΣǿͷ­ͻȻ𣬽ţһǿϯɲǼ䣬ʵĿռֱӾ·һ̾Ҫ
·ҡҡͷNɪNɪ
ʣһ˲ͻȻǿ׹£⼸˲ǿͷ­Ͽգǿͷ­ͷųӴһ˲
䣡
ǿͷ­ͷų˲䱻ɢţֱӺǿͷ­ϡ
أ
һͷ­׹£ת˲䣬ͷ­ֱ˵֮С
һԣС׿Ե棬Ȼָָǿͷ­·ʣڸʲô
濴һСףȻ죡
СգգۣȻСצ
濴СãȻҲ֪˵ʲô
Сף
䣡
ʱԶͻȻһըֻǿͷ­һ䡣
Ϊǿͷ­֮ǿҪǿĿռ䣬ȻǼŭ˺ǺǷǳصġ
ʵУһ⡣
δһ˲˲ضŹĻеҶģüͷô£Ϊʲôû
Ļ˵ʱĻ֮еҶͻȻŤ٣廹ʼҲ·ڳʲô޴ʹһ㣡
һĻüͷ˿ģ
ڡ
Űڳ
û֣һǿ׹䣬Ȼǿͷ­ȥڼ䣬ǿͷ­нзǣͽ͵ġںŰ£ǿͷ­ȻЩˡ
ʱһԵͻȻ㣬Ҿϸ
ǿͷ­ϴˣ˭ϴ
䣬һǿֱӺԴϡ
䣡
ֱӱǧɿ⡣
һԣ˵ͷй
һӺǿͷ­ͻȻɵ˿УΪҪƴһʱǿͷ­ͻȻˣңϴϴ
棺
ǿͷ­£ʽƽ
ʱҶ˳УҶȻǱ壬Ƿ
Ҷǰͷ­ˣּˣ
Ҷǿͷ­ɫޱȵһʼϣҽ֮ԷʵĿģҲϣܹ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷԣ
ǿͷ­ҶãȻܺãû뵽ԼᱻһëͷСƣܺá˵ţɨһܣȻֵ﾿ʲôطղ˭ڳ֣
ҶҡҡͷҾܾش𣡡
ǿͷ­˫΢УҶһᣬȻŵСӣҲʲôطڷҳȥҼ̡Ȼ
ʱҶͻȻ˰֣ǿͷ­ĻҾãһԼ̬ȻǺĽ
ʲô˼ǿͷ­ֱֱҶ
ҶЦܼ򵥣˵⣬ЦͻȻʧӦǣҪβŲɱ㣬˵ҪôҲɱ㡣ĿǰҪģ
ɱң
ǿͷ­ǷһĨ棬ûжܹɱңеĽҲɱң
Ҷ˵ͷԣ
䣬һӡ
䣡
һǿֱ׹£Ȼ˲ǿͷ­ϡ
䣡
ǿͷ­ֱӱǧɿ⣬Ȼδĵų֡
ԼһӺǿͷ­ͻȻڳ𣬡Сӣͣͣ£ºº
Сԣ˵ͷȻй
Ӻ
ɽڣҶͻȻ۾
۵һ˲֮еδɫʱ
ʱҶͻȻһȻڳˣ


1774 ҵĵǣ
ܿ죬ĻҶǰ
ĻһҶ˿̣Ҷ˫۴һ˿Ѫ죬һһˡ
Ļ΢΢Ȼ£ϲˣ
ҶĿĻϣĿⲻƣҴһ˿εɱ⡣
ĻȻԤϣɫƽҪ𣿡
ҶĻãȻЦԶŵˣãӽԺ֮ĶԹһʹ
˵꣬תߡ
ʱŮͻȻҶǰŮӣδ㣡
Ҷ˫ָĮŮ
δͻȻߵҶǰֱҶҸоĺܿ죬Ϊʲô
Ҷǰһ£һֻƵľ룬˶ܹŵԷϢҶǰδ룬ǷһĨЦݣƨ£
䣬նȻ
δҲһ̱
ʱҶͻȻһȻ̯̯֣ôҪ֣ȶ֣ǱɾͲԶˣ
֣
Уδ΢΢һЦҲԶ֮ˣԣɣ
ҶЦЦȻɨ˳һۣĲ֣ڣ
δºǶ𣿡
Ҷǰ̤һȻ˵ģҺ롣ûʱڡ
䣬תһʧɽ֮С
Ҷߺ󣬳гĬһ˲ͻȻҾЩԾ
δֻսҶȥķãģ˿ȻǷһĨȣЩ˼

뿪ɽҶͷѾ亹ˡ
ղҲЩģΪǿصͷ­δ˷㣬Էпֵܻġڣʵ޷Կˣ
ڣԷƺûзʲô
Ҷûڶٶ뿪ڣ⣬ͷһããɽ֪黹
ջ˼Ҷתȥδ߶ãͻȻͻȻǰ
ȫ澳Ķεǿߣ
ˣҶЩ죬ܿ죬ˡ֮УһӮǿߣˣӦ½ҵġ
һۣҶЦӮҵҹȻûɱ
Ҷ
ʱΪ׵ЦȻڣҵȻΪһӶء
ȻأҶȥ
Ȼ󣿡
ЦȻǿǵȵĺأãڵȵ㣬գġ
ʱͻȻֹˡ
Ϊ˵彩Ӳܿ죬ѿһӣת˲һѪмţԴһᣬӲϵ
˴󾪣
ܿ죬˿ԶҶҶߡһĻоޱȡ
Ϊ֪ղžҶ֣ǣǾȻҶôֵĶûп
ʱҶһߣҶɫ䣬ҪˣȻʱ˫ͻȻԲ֮ɫ
ܿ죬ͻȻѿǵѵԽԽԴֱӴӲϵ
ۣ
Ѫ
ԭأ㶣һ̣תӡ
ӣ
ʱ˿̣Ѿױ
˻δӳɣͻȻһµĽڳһһ̣⣬һԴֱӷ˳ȥת˲һһ˵ԴҲ˳ȥ
ʱҶͣ
˵ͷҶĬʵɱɱɣʵÿһһɲǣһɲַ̺֮
˵ÿһǼ£
ʵڵʵʩչ⾳ŲĻ˵澳ĶΣ澳εǿߣкܴĻɱڳѾǵ
ջ˼ҶɨһܣȻʧԭء
ҶʧϢһȺͻȻҶ֮ǰվλá
Ϊ׵ӮҼӮ죬ԣҼԼ½ҼؼҼҼʮ澳ǿߡ
Ŀͷ­ʱӮɫʱޱѿյҶڳϢʱǾ̸˹ǣǳˣ
һ
½Ҽ½һɱһλ澳Ķεǿߣʵֱǿˡ
½Ļɫʱѿ
Ҷʵֱǿˣ
˵Ȼʲô¡Ϊ˭֪ҶرպҶ϶ǻᱨġڣҶ˪ѾҲ˵˸ûк֮ǡ
һ˳ɽǶ˵һجΣ
УĬãӮͻȻûϢ
Ե½ҡҡͷǵصףһ޴Ĵ󣬵ǣǵģңѾ١ԣǸ޷ǴѰǡЩӦûǧķΧ
ӮһȻת½һۣλڣλӦҲԼڵĴ֮䣬ѾûкͽĿܡԣǴұĺŽһ£ȻǼпܻᱻ˸ƣ
ԣ˵˵ͷʾͬ
ʱӮֵڿʼұϵҽһѣķ֧Ԯ
½˵ͷû⣡
Ҳǵͷʾͬ
ӮһȻ̧ͷʣһ̣жǳ
ĬƬ̣ͻȻֵ˿̿ʼλ澳ǿ߶ظԵļɡԵĻȥǸԵɽɣ
䣬һʧԭء
Уնʱѹ


ǿ֮УҶУٶȿǣǿ֮м
˲֪ãҶһŲ֪򣬸ϿգһŮӱǳǰ
˪
һΪأ˪
ҶҡҡͷӲûô׹ң
˪΢΢һЦҲôõģ߰ɣʱǷǳĵ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷܿ죬˪һųǡ
ų⣬˪ǣǺܾúܾһλģֻҼ֪
ô֪ģҶ˪Ҫ֪˪ɲҼģǾԲ˪Щܵġ
˪΢΢һЦȻóһöӡҼ棬ܡ
Ҷ˵ͷԭˣ߰ɣ
˪΢΢ͷܿ죬˽ų֮С


1775 Ůʵ
ųǡ
ǲ׼ȷ˵СǳСɡеҲ٣ֻҵһЩ
˪תƵҲתҺˣҪţΪӮҵǲЩֵͨġǺ壬ңЩ˶ǻӮҵǲԻٻġ
ñȣʵۿܾǣǲỻģΪ˭λֻҪеӣȥЩͨ֡
ҶսǣСһܵǰˡ
Сһѩ
ҶСŮȻݺһڣЦѩգû
ѩæ˵СԴ룡
Ҳǵ˵СԴȴû˵
ҶһЦȻһСŮʧԭء
һ䷿֮УʫŮŮС
ʫһҶʵֱǿˣ
Ҷסʫ֣΢΢˵ͷһЩǰǿһЩأʱΣ
ʫܺã˪ǺܺáֻЩ㣬ڿǵĵǶģ
Ҷʫ֣ȻϦ½ŮңǺ𣿡
ŮҡҡͷУϦЩһˣα˵Щ
Ҷ΢΢һЦã˵ЩĻ
ˡδȻڳ澳ʱʫͻȻ
澳
Ҷ㶣Ȼھڳ澳յûðɣ
ʫ˵ͷ츳ϵǧ棬ͻֻؾﵽеͣ
Ů
Ҷ룬ʵҲŮɲʲôϾǵ߿صˡϵΪԵʣֹֻֻؾڣѾûƣ츳ﵽ澳ʵҲ
Ӧ˵ϵǧ棬澳Σ
Ҷջ˼ʫ
ңʫ
ȥ
Ҷ£Ѿʧԭء
ڹųǵĵصףңЩңרŸӵĵط
һУһŮڵأŮ˫΢գ˫ǰһӡұߣһɫķ컭ꪡ
ŮǵŮ
ͻȻŮ۾ˣ
һ̣Ҷ˵ŮǰҶߵŮǰ£Ȼô֪ˣ
Ϣ
ŮҶܵϢˣ
ҶЦЦȻһ۵Ůܿ죬һĨ죬Ѿﵽ澳ˣ
Ů˵ͷմﵽ澳ûã˵ţͻȻסԵķ컭ꪣУ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷã
һ̣Ůվͬʱеķ컭ꪶȻҶһ¡
ԵŮҶɲҴ⣬λǰѹģ
һУת˲бϡ
أ
ꪽһӴбһըţҶֱӱʮɿ⡣
ͣҶ˿Լ֣˿̣ڲ
ǿ
Ҷ̧ͷŮ˫ԣԣе𡭡
ٽ˫ŮͻȻ
ٽ棿Ҷ⣬ʡ
Ů˵ͷ˫ǵʩչ֮ٽ磬
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷû뵽˫Ȼá
棡ʱŮͻȻҪ֣
Ҷ˵ͷһ̧̣ͷ˵ŮŮһ˲Ůɫʱһ䣬ΪһѾü䡣ʱԴͻȻһƫֱӶһ
ͬʱҽһ棬Ȼ˳Ʈɣһ̣׳Ҷͷţз컭ɽ¡
ҶǷһĨЦݣһתһǰ̡
˫
Ҳʩչ˫

һҶֱӱҵʮɿ⣬ͣŮٴγǰţеķ컭͵ؾһɨ
Ҷɫ΢æٽ񵲡

Ҷֱ˴˶ʮɿ⣬ͣǵŮҪٴγ֣ʱͫȻһһ̣һ׵سü䲻ʮֵλã
⽣̫죬̫죡
ŮҲһˣȻޱȣǴȴǳ侲ڽҡüһ̣ͻȻ۶һֱӶһͬʱ˫һɣ˳ƮʮɣҶ˾룡
ʱҶͻȻǰţǷһĨЦݣһ̣һֱӳŮһն¡
Ů˫΢Удһ˿أҴ⣬˫з컭ꪳϾһᵵ

ഥ߶ʱһת˲Ůֱӱʮɿ⡣
仹δͣҶͻȻϢ󣬽ţһֱĨĺ󾱡
ŮȻжҶٶޱȣǷǳ侲ҽ͵һ棬洫͵һתͬʱз컭һɨ
ʱҶеĽͻȻı佣ƣỊֱ̃Ӵ˵ŮɨǱ컭ꪡ

ը𣬽ꪾһ˱˴˳źˣǸ˲ã˱ɳű˴˱ȥ
䣡
һĺҾһţҶŮٴη˿
һΣûڳ֡
ŮҶãȻû뵽Ѿǿ̶ֳȡ˵⣬˶٣ֵ㲢δȫɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵûȫϴŲ⾳ĻŮ϶ԲġŮʵѾǳˡΪŮȻ澳һΣǣսԲ澳Σ
ҶͷŮʱ΢΢ҡҡͷɳĺÿ죡
Ҷߵ˵ŮǰȻ֮Գɳ죬Ҳ֪ģǱǱϣɳĿ϶һ죡
ܹڶʱڽʵڣʵǶ˺ûк޷ڶʱԼﵽ⾳˵ﵽ澳ˡ
ŮҡҡͷһˣԼĻһ棬ǣŬҪġǸȻ㲻٣ǣУҲ벻ŬĿǰΪֹԵĿ࣬϶˶Ҫܶࡣ
ҶȻҡͷһЦ˵ǰȷʵǳ࣬رʱǸоֲ̫ˣ
ҡҡͷҶǰĵŮЦ˵Щˡҡ
ʱҶŮͬʱɫһ䣬һֱ̣ʧС
ܿ죬˹ųǵϿգʱ˪ҲڿС̧ͷգɫЩء
ӮҵҷˣҶʡ
˪ҡҡͷӮҵҵˣ
Ҷ̧ͷգһƬգ˿ţģĿռ˿


1776 ˣ
ܿ죬˵ע£ǵѷ֮УһŴ󵶵Ůл˳
ŮһҶ˵ǰȻĿҶϣЦСӣþò
ǰŮӣҶҡͷһЦû뵽㣡
ǰŮˣǱˣڤŮû뵽ԷȻ
⣿ŮЦ
Ҷ˵ͷǳ⣡ôҵģ
˪ҲŮҶʵģҲ֪ġ
ŮһЦ²£
Ҷҡҡͷ²
ŮЦǵҽǲʯ𣿡
ʯ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǵãǿĵڶǶãѾе㲻ˡ
ʱŮǲʯҽȻ㣬ǣ㲢ûĨҽ֮ľϵԣҽܹܵǲʯˣ֪
ԭˣ
ҶЦЦû뵽ǲʯԼλá
ǰɣʱŮͻȻ
Ҷ㶣Ȼʲô˼
ŮӦ㣬ȥҵģǣǲûг֡
ԭ£
ҶЦЦʲô£ң֮ûӦʲôԭɣڤȻ죬ǶԷҲʲôˣ
Ů˵ͷ֮ûΪǵõ˾ĵϢ
˾ģ
Ҷ룬ȻΪҪȥѰ
ŮĬƬ̣Ȼ˵ҪʵûҪڤֻԼĹ¶ǣö֮Ĺ¶ԽԽ࣬ŪһڤǴҽǼңҲΪպǴҲ۸
˵⣬˶٣ֵһ죬һˣǸˣһ棬Ȼһ뿪ˡ֮Ѱ֪ǻŻȥϽ磡ȥϽ磬ǻȥѰˡᣬģ
ǺҪҶ
Ů˵ͷҪ㣬飬һ飬Ϊ֪ڵƺе㲻ԣæǰɽ
ǣ
Ҷֹ㣬ڤŮҲˣ
Ůǵģ˴Լ⣬˶ˡǲû档
ڤŮŮˣ
ҶǷǳ˵ģΪһֱڤŮŮǺܺõѡڵ֪ȻǸ˵ġ
뵽ʲôҶһŮǸϵǧǿߣҪϵǿܶ࣬ڵʵ
䣡
ʱһǿϢͻȻŮϯϢֱӽҶʮɿ⣡
ԶҶ̧ͷŮһ˿ȣ㣬澳ʲôЦȻﵽ澳
ʲô˼
Ůֻﵽ澳
Ҷҡҡͷǣҵ˼ǣϵƺܴﵽֻؾϰɣ
Ů˵ͷϵܣطܡǲϵģϵġʵҲ㡣
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ʱһԵ˪ͻȻκϵǧ棬ᱻ˴֪ģû´ܹ֮͵͵ϵǧ棬Ϊǧ󣬽ǧ˴ҵĸ֮֡ǰ˴ҿ϶ϾȥЩСµģ
Ůһ˪Ȼ˵ͷǡ˵⣬Ҷǽã츳һûƣ̾磬ǲǸԷһ𣿡
Ҷ΢飬Էһ򵥡ҲǣڤʮŮÿһţûƣǳ̾ȷʵܼ򵥡ãã棬ʲôģǷǳǳģ
ڤʮŮУ
ջ˼ҶŮղ˵ң£мʲô
ɽ
Ůһȥɽ
ΪʲôҶ⡣ɳŮҲҪȥɽŮҲҪȥǲ⡣
ŮɽнӴǧǧ棬ǧͨǧΨһ·Ҫϴǧ棬ֻͨɽǡ
ǣֻ˿ȥ
ʱ˪ͻȻһ֣ʵ֮ˣӲˣ֪ǧֻаˡǾǰ˴ҵĿߡ
һأҶʡ
˪΢΢һЦˣ
ʲô˼ҶӲˡ
˪ʵҲס㣬û´ΪеǱľΪǱľǧ֮
˵ϸ㣡Ҷ
˪ĬãȻɽһܿµĵطǧֲĵط
Ů˵ͷǺֲܿ
ҶҡҡͷҴպòã
˪Ҷ㸸ûҲûȥǧĻпܾɽ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Ϊ澳ǿߵϣ
˪Ҫȥǧ棬ֻͨɽΪɽÿʮ꣬ĽͻʱȥʱԣۼϹС֣Ȼûдﵽ澳ΣǣʵȴѾﵽˡ
˵⣬˶٣ֵǧıǿߣߣйߡǰûнʱûȥǧ棬ڣǿ磬ýЩˣȻҪǿԣҲֻܵȣȽʱ򣡡
Ҷ˵ʱ˪ͻȻЩֲģֲǣʱдǧǿԼȻ඼Ǳ壬ǣ㲻Ǳ壬ҲǼΪֲġڵǸ棡
Ҷ˪Ϊʲô֪ôࣿ˵ΪҼ֪ô࣡
˪˷ۣȻ֪֮ô࣬Ϊͷڷ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ΪʲôҶʡ
˪Ϊɽʧܣ
ʧܣҶ㵵Ҫ֪ǲǺڷϹޣڷǳǳţİ
˪ҡҡͷʵ̫ԸˡΪȥʱ򣬱Ǵ˵ģңʱ򣬲ǽʱ򡣡
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻֵΪʲô˵ܹȥ
ľ
ʱŮͻȻȥɽõһЩϢһϽǽ̴˽硣ǽһͷ­伣ˡ
˵⣬ҶڣϢ˵ǽСȻ鷳ˡΪɽö˶Ѱǽ׼ȷ˵Ѱ㡣ԣ㡣֮ǰ˵鷳Щʲôң
ڣ
ҶɫЩѿˣɵӶ֪ڹȥģ
ˣ


1777 ã
ľ
֮ǰľڣǲҹȥģӦ˵Ҳǲ롣ΪľڣǿϽףһЩı
Ѭģ
ӵɽ󣬵ѾˡΪû뵽ǿͷ­ôǿľӡ
ڣǿͷ­Ѿ뿪ڣ֮뿪ģľ˵ȥԽ赶ɱˣ
Ҳ˵鷳ˣ
ľȥ
ʱŮڣѾɽǿ߸ΪľڣǴȥĻʹһЩϹ˵һջ󡣡
ʱһԵ˪ͻȻǺ鷳ˣ
ŮҶҪô㣿
ҶҡҡͷܲءΪǱضİ취ң磬ңң߱ʲôвҳ
ǶʱҲģ˪
վǻҵģ𣿡Ҷ
˪˵ͷǾǿߣڼֱӮҵԣʱ򵥵ķǧе̺ʽҲҵǵġȻܺľǶ澳ǿ˵Ҳֻĵ㾫ѣ
ҶЦԣҲңصһʱܲصһ𣿡
׼ô죿Ů
ҶǷһĨһֱţΨɱֹɱ
˪ͻȻҵһ£Щˣܲôɱ
ҶѵҪԹ԰ľȥȻǷŹң
˪Ĭ
ʱҶѳ죬˭˭
˵ţŮ˪˵׼һƱ
ʲô˼˪Ҷ
ҶЦһӮҵ׷ɱôãôܾôˣ
ԣ˪Ҷ
ҶǵЦԣȥӮҹɣ
˪˵ͷͬ
ߣ
Ҷ˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
Ů˪ԼŮҲ֮ʧ˳С
Ĵ½ĳǡ
ĳȻҶٹǣӮҵ޸£˿̵ĳѾָ
ĳǳǽҶµ仰ڡ
ӮҪµģĿȻΪӮҺ֪Ӯܵĳ衣
ʱ֡
ͻȻ
ˣ
һͻȻĳϿ쳹𣬽ţһͻȻϮٶȼ죬ֱѸײڶ֮ûĳС
䣡
һֱӽĳǷ룡
ͻıʣõĳǵӮֱˡʱһͻȻĳϿ𣺡Ӯңˣ
һ̣˶̧ͷգ֪ʱһ۵ӡ
Ҷ
ӣҶ
Ҷһ̣ɫޱѿ
ҶȻǲİģˣĳǻ˺üΡ
ʱʮǿϢͻȻ𣬺ܿ죬Ӯ˳ҶĲԶ
˿̣Ӯɫޱȵ˵ʲôʱҶͻȻٽ·ĳ͵ؾһ
ͣ
ƿնȥ
䣡
·ĳжһľ޴֡
Ҷ̧ͷһԵӮ죬Ҳ𣿡
ӮҶĬһ˲ͻȻʧԭأͬʱһǿϢͻȻҶ˹ȥ
ҶҲû룬ٽһ
䣡
ǹϢ˲ɢӮҶһɿ⣡
һĻɫˡ
ӮҲˣ̧ͷҶţ㣬㾹Ȼǿ̶ֳȣ֪Ҷʵǿˣǣû뵽ҶʵȻǿ̶ֳȣ
ҶǷһĨЦһģ
䣬һǿձȥ
Ӯ㶣ȻߣסϢϢҵǿ߾ͻϵ
䣬һʵҶ׷˹ȥ
ĶʮһӮǿҲǽ
ǿ֮УҶͻȻͣͣӮ˱ǳǰ
ӮҶܣ㡭
ʱҶǰĿռͻȻһţŮӳҶǰ
ЩŮӣǵŮ˪ŮԼŮڤŮӰŮԼŮŮŮԹŮ
ȫ澳
ڤŮʱӮɫ˲ˣ



ӮҲ룬ѡ񳷡
ʱһԵĽŮͻȻʧԭأһ̣ԲڵĿռͻȻһţһεĽܡԭ봩ռߵӮֱӱסҪƵʱ
棡
һͻȻڳɲǼ䣬ԲڵĿռͻȻ궯ܿ죬Ӯɫò԰
ʧ
ڵʧ
ӮĿֱӿԶڤŮһ̣ӮһֱӳڤŮ˹ȥ
⣡
ʱŮͻȻǰ̤һɲǼ䣬ǰĿռֱӱ˲ӵӮ˵ǰӮվ澳εǿߣȻᱻֶξ͸ܣȴֱӽӮ˸ͣˡ
һԣŮͻȻŴһһɵĵ⳯Ϊ׵Ӯ˹ȥ֮Ŀռ䣬ֱӱ˺ѷ飬һĿռѷ
ռѷȴǹزбɫȻǵصĳӮ˹ȥ
ӮŮ
ӰŮڳ֣
һʱ䣬ڤŮŮֱӮսҶ˪ԼŮû֡
ǶѣҶԣ˪ͻȻʡ
Ҷ˵ͷôɣ
˪ڤŮŮһۣȻ˵ͷΪʲôѶŮģ
ҶһǺָܿţ˪˧вУ
˪Ƥ΢˵ʱҶͻȻְɡҸ֮ǰЩˣ
䣬һֱӻһʧ˲Զ
ʱ˪ԵĵŮǰƤô𣿡
Ů룬Ȼû
䣬һʧԶ
ԭأ˪ʼ磬ȻҲԶӮ˳˹ȥ
ҶȻֻʮһˣǣսһʼӮ˾ֱӱѹˣ
رǵҶսӮ˲澳ǿߡ
أ
ʱһըͻȻڳɲǼ䣬ΧǵεĽȻѣͬʱһ߳˳УţһǿϢֱӽӮǰڤŮŮ˰ɿ⣡
澳ǿߣ
Ӯ
Ӯ֮һӮ
ڳ𣿡
ҶǷһĨЦһΪҪ˲ųأ
ӮĿҶϣôҪɱң
Ҷ˵ͷ𣿡
ԣӮֱҶ
ҶЦЦ˭а֣˭ӣ
Ӯ˵ͷã


1778 ǿ߾

澳Σ
Ҷûаֽţе˷ܡΪһΣҪԼڵʵܲնɱ澳εǿߡ
ҶһԵӮˣӮ俴һۣȻӮ
Ӯ˰֣ߵ˶ʱǧɡ
Сģ
˪˵䣬ҲŮ˿
УֻʣҶӮ
֮Уһۣһ̣ҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾӮǰͬʱһֱӴӮü䡣
һ죬еӮ˶ֻܵ˽⣬Ĺ켣
ӮȻĹ켣Ӯȴܡ
ڽӮü໹һָʱָͻȻס˽
ҶĽӮҶǰһЩ
ʱҶͻȻս͵һת
һ̣Ӯɫ΢΢һ䣬˫ָæ˿ʱǽȴ룬Ŵ˹
Ӯ򲻸Ҵ⣬ֻƣȻһҶǱϡ
أ
һըת˲˳ŸԵĺˡ
һˣҶ˰ɣӮ˲ʮɡ
һν棬Ҷ·硣
ǣӮɫȴǰλֻ澳һΣ澳Ρ֮Ĳ࣬ú蹵ݶΪ
ȻҶȴһС
ҶǴﵽ澳Σʱʵǿ̶ֳȣ
뵽⣬ӮӸˡһԶҶԣԲӮΪСˣѾоηˡ
ϧѾˣ
ջ˼Ӯֻһ̣͵سǰһ̽ȻҶλһա
ԶҶɫһ䣬һ̣ΧĿռͻȻ䡱һըѿռǿֱӽҶؾһͬʱһֻ޴ȭͷѾǰ
Ҷͫ΢ٽһ
أ
ֻ޴ȭͷֱӹѿҶȴѾ𵽰ɿ⣬һͣΧĿռٴαҪÿռڶ֮еİ֮ʱһӰǰţһǿֱӳ˹
䣡
Ҷֱӱ䵽ɿ⣡
һĻԶ˪ɫʱ
ԶҶͣбӮģ
£ҶΧĿռͻȻţΧЩռŤߵͬʱһεһһҶϡ
סһ˲ҶʱоԼȫˣ·Ҫߵһ㣡
֡
䣡
һǿ⾳ͻȻҶϯ⾳ֺΧĿռ˲ͬʱǹϵҲɢ
⣡
Уɫˡ
رӮ򣬴˿̣ţ㽣⾹Ȼﵽôܡ
ԶҶӮһۣû˵һ̣ʧԭأͬʱӮǰͻȻһ㽣⡣
һɲǣ
ӳ˽һɲǣ
ӮɫȻһ䣬Ҵ⣬˫ֵӣ͵سǰһ
䣡
һ˾㵵Ŀ֮УӮֱӱɣ
һĻӮɫޱȵѿû뵽ҶʵȻǿ̶ֳȣ澳εǿ߶ܹˣ
ʱ˿̣ӮҲˣ
ڵΪһѡΪУѡҶΪУѾӮҸ˲ʹĴۡڿۻ
ԶڤŮŮһۣڤŮ΢΢ҡͷһȻôǿˣ
ʵӮˣڤŮ˪Ҳ𾪵ġΪͬû뵽Ҷʵǿ̶ֳȡ
Ӯ棬Ҷһһ̣ҽһ棬ֱӻһ⳯Ӯȥʧһ˲ӮǰͻȻһĿռѷ졣
䣡
ʱͻȻһţӮٴα䵽ɿ⣬Ȼ仹δͣ£ҶѾǰ
ǿĽֱӽҶ;֮Ŀռ価˺ѷ飡
δ̺ǿõӮһļ£
˿Ĵ⣬Ӯӿһ̣˫һУɲǼ䣬ͻȻӿǿĹЩ˲ǽҶĽû
Ȼ
ת˲Щֱӱи飬ţӮǰ
쵽£޿ɶ㣡
޿ɶҲҪ㣬ؼʱ̣ӮǿгԱһֱʧԭأǣұȴûܹһ뿪
˵Ŀ֮УһֻѪֱܵԿл׹䡣
һ̣ԶӮɫѿˣ
ԶӮͣ˿ԼҼ磬ѾտҲĬһ˲̧ͷԶҶãܺáǽɽ˲ų
䣬ͻȻڿͬʱɫ
Ŵ𣿡
ԶҶ̧ͷӮڣʣҲʼת
ûӣ
ȻնӮһֱֻۣǣӮû˿ӡҲӣ
ʣӮϢͻȻϢԽԽǿ󣬷ԲڵĿռͻȻһ㣬ޱȡ
һ˲ӮͻȻ·Ҷƣ
£ͻȻʧ˿С
ţҶΧǧڵĿռͻȻҲת˲ӡͻȻҶΧЩռֶЩӡһһҶ˹ȥ
ֻһ˲ҶǱЩӡû
ܿ죬һͻȻ𣬽ⲻڳ˺и
䡭
һڳ
ʱӮ˪Ѿɡ
˶һ˲˲ضԶӡΧĿռֶ·޾һ㡣£ĽԽԽˡ
ԽԽ٣ҲԽԽˣ
һĻ˪Ůֻ
ʱԶͻȻһŭҶġ
ţɫͻȻ𣬺ܿ죬ҶͷϿգת˲⿪ʼݺύи
͡
˵Ŀ֮УҶΧǧڵĿռֱӱгһƬһƬģЩӡ
ʮϢ･ƽ
˵ע£ҶӮ˵Ŀ֮С˿̣Ҷɫ԰ףǣһĨ۵죬ͬʱǰѾѪ졣
ǰλãһӡǵӡõǰȫ˽ȥ
һԵӮҲù˿̣Ҳʧˡۣȫ£鲼Ľۣ
ԶҶӮϢʱӮͻȻѾԳˡ
䣬ΧĿռͻȻһţͻȻʮˣΪ׵½Ҽ½죬ԣҼҼؼҼ
ңǿ߾
ʱڤŮһҶΧȻΧм䡣
սһ


1779 ˣ
ʱӮҵǿ߼½ҵҵǿߣһнʮλ澳ǿߣ
Ҷߣֻʮһˡ
ϣӮѾȫѹҶߡ
ʱҶĨĨǵѪȻԶӮ򣬡˵õģ˭а֣˭Ƕӵġһ
Ӯޱ飬һӣɱ
䣬Ӯ˾Ҫ֣ʱ˶ͻȻұߣ֪ʱһȹŮӣʱȹŮ

ȹŮӣҶüͷʱΪȹŮɽλаߡ
ӮҵǿȻҲʶȹŮӣɫг˽䱸֮ɫ
ȹŮӮҵǿߣȻߵҶǰľң
һ˲䣬Ҷ
ԷΪľ
Ĭһ˲ҶҲҪȥɽ
ȻȹŮӵ
ҶЦЦôԼûţҪľ
ȹŮֱҶҵ¡ԼԼã
ȹŮӵĻնʱ
һԵӮ¶ֻ飬û뵽ȹŮӾȻҶ鷳ġ˵Ȼĺ¡
ҶźȹŮЦЦÿ
ȹŮ΢΢ͷã
䣬ֱӳҶץ˹ȥʱһһɫ糯źȹŮӱȥٶȼ죬գۼ˺ȹŮӵǰ
ֵڤŮ
ȹŮָһ㣬һ㣬ֱӵǸĶˡ
أ
ǸֱӱؾһȻء
ʱڤŮͻȻǺȹŮӵǰһֻ̧̣Ȼ棡
䣬һ֮ʱסǺȹŮӡ
ȻڤŮȴɫһ䣬У֮ɫ
ʱǺȹŮӿһۣϧڣû
䣬ֳǰһӡ
䣡
˵Ŀ֮УڤŮֱӱɿ⡣
ʱŮͻȻ˺ȹŮӵǰת˲˫еĴ󵶶ǺȹŮ͵ؾһȹŮͷʱһֻͻȻסǱ󵶵ĵ⡣
һ̡
䣡
һǿǴ֮дŮϣֱӱɿ⣬һͣǱһĨѪͬʱеĵѿˡ
ʱȹŮһֱҶǰţֳҶץ˹ȥʱһεĽǰ
ȹŮü΢һֳ̣ǰһ
䣡
ԲڵĿռͻȻһţʮɿĽŮͻȻһѪȻ󲻶ϳˡ
ʱǺȹŮΧĿռͻȻţΧĿռֱӱĻǺȹŮӡת˲һɺâͻȻǺȹŮϯ
䣡
ΧЩ˲䱻ѳ飬һ̣תͷ˲ԶıŮе˼̫ۣ
ŮһۺȹŮӣȻһӣɲǼ䣬ѩ죬ЩѩһϸСĵƬǺȹŮиȥ
ȹŮɨһЩѩһָ̣һһɫѪ˿ͻȻֶɲǼ䣬Ѫ˿ֱӽЩѩ˲ݻ٣ͬʱѪ˿˱Ůüλá
ʱѪ˿ͻȻͣţ俪ʼֽ⣬Ϣʱ䣬Ѫ˿ͱֽޣ
ȹŮתͷұʮ⣬Ůλá
˿̣Ů˫ֽŻеĺ꣬һ˲˲ضźȹŮӣע£ȹŮΧĿռͻȻʼֽ
һĻһԵӮҵǿ߽ɫ䡣
̫ˣ
ԶȹŮͬŮûжЩռֽ⡣Ϣ󣬺ȹŮΧĿռѾֽһռѷ졣
ǣȹŮȴһ¶ûУ
ŮźȹŮãȻһԵҶʼ磬Ҵ򲻹˵꣬Żеĺ곯ɡ
ȹŮӿһŮûм֡ΪĿ˲ԶҶϣܿ죬ֿ˵Ů˪ԼǹŮӰŮ
ǼҪ𣿡ȹŮӵ
Ȼ
˪΢΢ͷһ̣ͻȻһֻɫצӣת˲ѾǺȹŮӵǰţһֻצֱ˺ȹŮӵǡ
ʱȹŮͻȻֽճȭȻһȭ˪ϡ
䣡
˪ֱӱ˰ɿ⡣
ڷ
ʱȹŮͻȻЩ˼ϧ˵㣬۷ʱڣǲڷﱾǰкξ壿
£ҽͻȻһ壬ֱӻһϸ緢˿ѪâҶȥ
ʱŮҶǰҪ֣ҶȴǽȻһľУţٽһն
ӳ˫⾳һ
һǼǿģΪӳ⾳ľ
䣡
ע£ҶǰͻȻһ貵Ѫɫâת˲ҶĵŮֱӱسˣһˣ˰ɣ
ǺȹŮҲس˶ʮɣ
ȹŮ̧ͷһԶҶû뵽ʵȻﵽ̶ֳȣû뵽
ҶĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷȹŮӣҲû뵽ʵǰǿôࡣ
ȹŮӻҶȥû뵽黹кܶࡣ㣬ҾͻѽڵʵסһӵʵĶǻģ

ҶЦЦƢʵ鰡
ȹŮӵ˵ͷ⣬ȻҾԼȡ
£ѾҶǰʱҶȴ˵ͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾںȹŮӵ󣬵ǣճںȹŮӵһǿֱӽ˰ɿ⡣
δͣȹŮӱͻȻǰҶҲһ¡
ռֱӱ˺ѡ
Ȼһȴֱˡ
ת˲һֱֻҶĺ󱳡
䣡
һƣֱӽҶɿ⣬ǣһͣǺȹŮӱٴγǰʱ˪ŮԼڤŮŮҲҶǰ
ȹŮûг֣һ˪ŮһۣȻһϣ
һϣ
ԶӮ˴ʱѾֿ˻Ϊڣǳ֣Ҷܾͻ군ʹ군Ҳûйϵǿ֮
ڣʲôֻҪžͺã
ʱȹŮְֵɣ
ºŰ
ʱһصͻȻڳ𣺡۸Сʲô˼̸µĸУ


1780 ʹ
У˶Դ
ռͻȻ˲ţռ˿ȻһһɴŮǿռѷ֮˳
ɴŮϵģ
ߣҶʱסˡ
ΪʶǽɳλߣŮӣȻҲǽɳλŮӡԷҲڤģ
УĿⶼŮϡ
ܿ죬ߵƶ£Ů˺ȹŮӲԶ
ŮӿһԵҶЦӣþò
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻû뵽æ
Ů΢΢һЦȻһԵڤŮŮѵãɳ̶ֳȡ
ڤŮŮӣ˭
Ů˭Ҫˡ
䣬һԵĺȹŮӣаɣҲþûжˡ
ȹŮ΢΢ͷԸ
һ̣һѪɫӡͻȻŮӵͷʱŮͻȻһĺڳߣת˲ڳֱӻһڹ˲佫ǺȹŮӵѪӡɢ
ǱڳʱҶ֣ΧڤŮŮɫˡ
ŮУţ
ҶڤŮôˣ
ڤŮ˫ֻսߡ֪˭ˣ
˭Ҷʡ
ڤŮڤĵʹʹĵʹϵ𡣶ǰλӦþʧõʹ
ڤʹ
Ҷʹôǿ
ڤŮ΢΢ͷĵʹʵôǿΪʹ𣿶ңӣϵǧ棬ڵѾ澳ǿߣʵ𵱳ǿ˲֪ٱ
˵⣬˶٣ֵλƺìܣ׼ȷ˵У˾ĵ⣬κ˶
ҶҡҡͷڤҲе㸴Ӱ
Ȼλ˾ĵԷȻܹôǿص׷棬˲ð
˿̣һԵӮɫЩÿˡȻû뵽Ҷ߻ͻȻһһ˵ǿ
С
ȹŮӴһڤʹȻ˼
䣬ֳǰһ̽ȻһɲǼ䣬һѪͻȻǰת˲ѪֱӻûһɵѪɫ
ȹŮָһ㣬ѪɫͻȻһת˲ֱӳŲԶʹײ˹ȥ
ԶϣʹɫƽѪɫͷʱͻȻˡֻеͻȻһڹ𣬵ѪɫǰʱͻȻһţɫˣ
ΪԲڵͻȻ
ת˲
䣡
һڳ쳹𣬽ţǰһڣһƬڰ֮С
ԲڵĿռ䶼Ѿˣ
ãڳ˶ͨˣռǵӰ첢ô
ԼһӣеĿռŽָ
ʱǺȹŮʹڡ
˿û£
ĬϢʹͻȻ£֪㲢δȫȫҪɱңӦûǿԵġǣ㲻ᡣΪ¾ɽʱʱиǿĶҪԡ𣿡
ȹŮӿʹãţ
䣬תͷһԶҶڲģΪЩˣǲʴȵģ
˵꣬һֱʧ˳С
ȹŮʧʹһԵӮҵˣȻλ붯ְɣ
ڤŮҲӮҵˣг˽䱸֮ɫ
ӮĬһ˲ͻȻʹǲ֣µɣ
ʹһӮȻЦӮ棬ܴ
˵꣬һԵҶӣ߰ɣ
ҶлˡһΣǰλæǵĴ⡣ϾǺȹŮʵ̫ǿˡңԱ߻Ӯҵˡ
ʹ΢΢һЦӲصлʱȥɽҲҪӵİæ
Ҷ˵ͷƳ١
лˣ
ʹЦǡ
䣬߶ʱȻ˾Ҫ뿪ʱڤŮͻȻʹǰҲҪȥѰ˾ĵ
ʹһڤŮȻڵе𣿡
ڤŮ˵ͷ
ʹЦЦεºܣ
䣬ֱʧǰĿռ֮С
ʹ뿪Ҷ˪Ҳ뿪ˡ
УֻʣӮҵǿߡ
ʱ½ͻȻӮ򣬵ӮǰΪҪǣ
ҲӮдѯ֮ɫȻҶǱ߶һ澳ǿߣǣȻѹԵƣΪҶѾˣ㣬ûжսˡ
ӮһۣȻǶ֣кܴɱҶλǿǼʹܹɱǣ߻ʧˣ
ԣ˳Ĭˡ
ҶǱȻֻʮһˣǣǰǶѾˡʮһˣûһͨˡЩŮˣһһ죬һһǿ
ʱӮֵλӦҪףϵǧ棬ɲֻңпݼңңڣĸҶƴʱǿ϶ᱻƴСһǱƴУҼпܻϳ
˵⣬˶٣ֵݼңңԼЩǿɲʲôʡ͵ĵư
ʱ½ҡҡͷǾŹ
Ҳǵ˵ͷʾͬҶʵ츳ֲ̫ɳȥǺǲ룡
ӮͻȻЦôᣡڵ˴鷳Ժûʱǵ鷳ˡ
ʲô˼½ʡ
Ӯɽط֪ӦñȽ١طˣֲܿڣط˶ҶǺǡԣֻҪȣаæҵͿˡҶеɱ
䣬ϵЦԽĲˡ
½˲֪ɽЩ˿£֪˵ǧֲĵطΪϹĵطϹＶǿߣиԼߡ
ڣǸط˶Ҷ
Ӯ˵ĺ°
ʱǰԶĿռͻȻţĿռ׵˺˿ܿ죬һ˳
ɨһӮˣȻ˭Ҷ
Ӯ
ĿӮϣһ̣ӮɫͻȻȻ䣬ת˲
䣡
һը˾㵵Ŀ֮УӮֱӱǧɿ⡣
ʱӿӮ򣬡㣬ף


1781 ߣ
ӴԼʮ꣬һϮɫۣ磬ɫȻƽȴ͸һεԵ
澳ǿߣ
ǰλӣ澳Σ
һԣӮ˾Ҫ֣ʱӮȴͻȻ˰ֹ֣Ӯˡ
ӮӣȻɽ
ԣһĨ죬֪
ӵĻӮ¶һĨЦݣȻˡҶѾˡ
ߣüͷ֪䣿
Ӯ΢΢ҡͷ֪ҵȿ԰Ѱҡ
ӿһӮȻҪκô
ӮҪôΪҵг𡣡
ӵ˵ͷã
Ӯԥ£Ȼγƺ
̧ͷӮ򣬡ܾǰǽߣ
ߣ
Ӯ˶ԷһۣȻ£Ҷ书һףǿºҵһ취취ԿԱ취еðա
ߵ˫ۻ˵
ԷĻӮЦԽˡ

ųǡ
뿪Ҷһ˻ص˹ųǣһȥģڤŮˡ
ڣҶʼˡ
ˣ
֮ǰӮһսȻռϷ磬ǣǷǳġ
һսõףȻѾܹ澳ǿ߶Կǣ׽ԷɱԷսȥĻҲս۵ĻӮ֮䣬忪
ҲǣԷҲпܽɱ
ǺȹŮӣˣȻҲ澳ΣǣԳ۶ԷԷʵǾԳԽ澳ġ
ܽᣬʵԶԶ
ҪΪĶ֣ϹＶġһһѾܹˡ
Сӣҳȥ֮ǰͷܴʮ
ʱһҶ
Ҷתͷȥֻǿͷ­֪ʱԱ߲Զ
ͷ­Э󣬾˺ڣûڶ֣ҶҲûȥҪǲңͷ­ǿǸֲĴڡ
һԷȥ˵һ϶ɱľ
ʱû˺ѹƣǶԷĶ֣
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻ֮ǰǺȹŮӣҲܹ㶨𣿡
ȹŮӣ
ǿͷ­üͷаߣŮˣе㲻򵥡ֻǣôطأ
ӡˣ
Ҷ˷ӡˡŮˣʵӦþǱ߸ӡġܹõַ߳ӡˣһ
ӡ
ǿͷ­΢΢Ȼоóʵƺûлָ۷塣ָ۷壬кξ壿Сӣҳȥ
ʱͻȻҶԶ濴һǿͷ­Ȼ䣬㲻
Ҵˣ
ŭ棬Ҵ򲻹Ůˣ
浭۷ʱڣ϶ܹսʤڵǣڵ㣬Դ򲻹㣬ֻʣͷˡ㻹ô˼Ҵ򣿡
ԣǺɫʱǸ˾
ôˣͻȻ
ȥҳԶˣ
ŭѪȥһ壬û뵽Ȼ׷ɱҹû취ˣֻ˺ѽ磬ӣãȻӵýˣ
˾
Ҷ䣬˭
俴һҶȻǽԭˡ
Ҷ
Ƥһľ˵
ľ֮УҶʡ
ҡҡͷ֪£
Ҷ
ʱͻȻģǣ֮УλܸߣʵҲǿ˾ؾ۾У˾ƹ壬ؾƹܾĻأƹ졣۾أٳ֡
˵⣬˶٣ֵСӣͻȻ֣˾㶼еϵ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
˾ľˣպ󣬶Է϶ġԷ϶Ҳġ
ΪңҶòˡ
ΪŮϣ
Ҷ㶣Ȼ㵵С߾ʲôŮ
˵ͷ
Ҷ룬ȻҲǺ°
ô˵ʡ
ҶЩ˷ܵ㿴Ȼδȥǣȴô࿿ɽͱ˵ˣһȥ廹Һ߰СߵĹϵȥ壬ţҲԺ߰
˵⣬Ǻ䣬Ҫ˵ͻȻȥ壬ôĶ֪
ΪʲôҶʡ
ΪϵܲãΪʲôȥͱ⸱ģԭ򡣡
俴һ棬Ϊȥ˻кùӳԣ
浭֪ûãҲȥĳЩˣʰһܣ
Ǻûù棬ǿҶСӣҷųȥҰƽЩˣô
ҶҡҡͷȰƽң
䣺
û˷ϻҶˡ
һԣǺɨһܣȻ֪ⶫʲôˡ
ڲ֪
û뵽ѰҵıȻСС
Ĭһ˲ȻҲû뵽
俴һԶҶȻСӣдԵ
ҡҡͷҲдΣա
ԵͰΣյģ
⵹Ҳǣ˵ͷ
ĬһᣬͻȻȥϽ磬Ҫ˵ҪŹⱦڻصУǸвһв
ĬãȻ֪
䣬

ں޸£ҶϵѾõ߰˰ˡҲкڣȻ˵ɺü¡
û뿪СһȻ˵㡣

ڶ˵ҪʵҪ֪Ҫ鷳˿ɲ٣ģϹＶǿߡЩϹＶǿߣڵʵȻЩˣ
ңһʹæһأ
ˣǿԼã
ʱһһȥתȥһ죬ҶͻȻֹͣصʵС
һС
Ҷǰ˪ʲôˣֹ֮ͣΪ˪
˪Ĭһ˲ȻӮҵǿȥңҪҽϾң޷ܾҪ󡣡
ԣҶ˲


1782 Ƕ
½ǡ
˿̵ǣռΪš
Ϊһ֮͡
ǵϿգǽʮλ澳ǿߣʮλ澳ǿߣӮҵҵǿߡΪ׵ģӮ
Ӯ棬Ҽʡ
жʮ澳ǿߣȫ澳Ʒϡ
ɨһӮˣȻλңȲİɣ
Ӯ΢΢ҡͷȻ֣ҵûж⡣ǰֻΪһ£ǾǰϾֻҪֽǰϾҵ̱ȥ
Ͼ
ɫӮ򣬰Ͼˡ
ӮֱʣˣҶŮˡ
ʵҵӣңӮҵ飬ûв
ӮҡҡͷʣҲĨˡҶҵҲֻⰲϾܹ˵⣬ɨһˣǲ鷳ǰҽϾֻҪǽҵȥ
ʿӮãȻЦЦһҲ˰
Ӯ֣ǰϾˣαΪһˣҵǿأ
ûӮһӣɲǼ䣬·ͻȻһ޴ȦȦֱӽǶС
󷨣
ǵķ
ʱʿӮ򣬡ҵĻش𣡡
ӮϢȻңڵġңⰲϾұס֣
䣬Եһ۵ӣ£ҪҶΨץŮӣҲֻץŮӣпҶȻزǿԶҲ
ߣ
߻۾Ȼ·ʣһֱ̣ӳʵǰţֱһȭʺ˹ȥ
ȭһ˲һͷͻȻߵͬʱȭͷҲһõȭӰ
û뵽߻ͻȻ֣Щ⧲ӦҲ죬ȭǰһ˲ͬһȭ˹ȥ
䣡
ֻȭͷһӴʱɫ䣬ת˲
ǲ
һͷһֱֱֻ׷˳ȥ֮һ׷ɳȥĻʡһɣɳǧɣ
һͣʱھѪ
Уǿ߸ɫ䣬УǾ֮ɫ
̧ͷһߣ澳Σ
˿̣Ҳ֮ɫΪǰλ澳ǿߣԲһ澳ǿߡ
ʱͻȻǰ̤һҪ֣ʱһ׷ͻȻߵǰУһɫĳǹ
澳ǿߣ
ˣǿ߶ʱһϲΪǰλ֮һҹ
Уҹһۣһ̣ȭǹ
䣡
ʣͻȻһת˲ǰ׷߳ɣҲʮɡ
һĻҵɫʱ
ҹ俴һߣ㲻Ӯˣ
ɽʱӮͻȻ
ԣҹ˫۶ʱһߣɫ
ʱӮͻȻҹ֣ҶһǽɽĽкܴЧԣɽˣѾǣԼŮˣҲǰϾҡҹ֣ǻңΪҴ
ҹĬˡ
ɽ
طȻǱȽ˽ģΪҲպҪȥĵطͬʱطĿֲҲ֪ġڣط˾ȻҶ
ⲻص㣬صǣЩ˼пҪӰϾ֡
ʱӮֵҹ֣ŮҵˣαΪһ˶ҸԼɽΪУôĻҵ㲻һɣ
ҹ˫ֻʱһͻȻڳ𣬡ҲΪѣ
˿ұߣ֪ʱһŮӡ
ŮӣǰϾ
˵Ŀⶼ˰Ͼϡ
ϾһˣȻӣл˵Ϥָ˶ǡ
䣬תߵˣҪҾڴˣ
Ӯһ۰Ͼһֱ̣ӳ˰ϾǰȻֳŰϾץ˹ȥһץϾĿռֱŤ
Ͼɫ䣬е͵ؾһ̡
ڰϾһǹӮûô⣬Ͼ˭˪Ҷô̬ġȻƽӴϾһ̣ɫ˲䲪Ȼ䡣
䣡
˾㵵Ŀ֮УӮֱӱ˰ɿ⣬Ͼ˲ʮɡ
ֲǣϾһͣͻȻٴγӮǰȻ˫еӮ͵ؾһҡһңֱõӮΧڵĿռŤ
ʱ˿̣Ӯ򳹵֮ģ˿Ĵ⣬ӿȻֽճȭϾһ䡣ȭһǿȭͷ֮б˲佫Ͼû
䣡
һӴбһţ˳ű˴˵ĺˣǰϾһˣͻȻǿͣת˲ҽ͵һա
䣡
ǧڵĿռʱһ
ϾѾӮǰûκλڵĶһǹϾֱһǹӮ˹ȥ
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䣡
һֱӽӮسˣϾҪ׷ʱӮͻȻһŭ𣬽ţ˫Ƴǰ͵ؾһġ
䣡
һƣֱӽǰĿռرеǿ˲ǽϾɿ⡣
ģ
ʱͻȻӮţ⣬ϾΧĿռͻȻͬʱһǿ֮ס˰Ͼǹ֣֮Ͼüͷʱ
ΪоԼȫ·ƥ
ס񣬰Ͼһת͵һɨ
䣡
һΧԭ޸Ŀռֱӱһǹɨıͬʱǹ֮Ҳɢ
һĻӮɫڱˡû뵽Ͼ˵ǿ
ʱϾͻȻʧԭأٴʧʱѾӮǰ
˹һĻ
˾Ŀ֮УΪ澳εӮ򣬾ȻϾѹŴ
ѹƣ
ӮȻϾѹˣ
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Уҹһۣк֮ɫȻǶû뵽ⰲϾȻǿ̶ֳȣ
ʱԶӮͻȻ֣
䣬һǰϾ˹ȥ
䣡
˺֮£ͻȻ͵ϮǰϾֱӱǧɿ⡣
ǧ⣬ϾͣɨһӮˣȻˡֱԣǶ
䣬ųǹһ塣
䣡
ԲڵĿռһ
ʱϾͻȻסβȻ˲ϣββҧ˿С


1783 棡
Ƕ
Ͼ仰õóеӮɫޱѿ
رӮ֮ǰĿ֮£Ȼһ澳ε߸ѹŴ
˵ܴ裡
ͬʱҲ𾪡
ⰲϾʵ
û뵽ⰲϾʵȻǿ̶ֳȡһҶ˪ĳ
һ뵽պҪֳеӮɫӲÿˡ
ʱϾͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾӮ˵ǰ
һĻ˶ʱסˣ
ϾҪʲô
Ҫһ
ʱһǿ⾳ͻȻ˳У⾳ֺ󣬵ڶɵɡ
ܿ죬ǿ⾳˰Ͼܣ
ȫ澳⾳
澳⾳
һĻӮͫӮˣüͷȻⰲϾ츳õЩˡ
ն
ʱͻȻϾһ̣˫ǰӮ͵ؾһҡ
һӳǿ⾳
ǹ
䣡
һڳкȻ𣬽ţӮֱӱһǹسɣ
ϾҪڳ֣ʱͻȻǰţһֻ޴ȭͷֱӱϮ˰Ͼ
Ͼη壬͵ش̳
أ
ֻȭͷȻѣϾȴ˰ɿ⣬ͣǣеȴڲ
߿ŰϾϢȻš
䣬һ˲˰Ͼǰţһȭ
ϾһĨɫһ̣żһֱʮתͬʱе͵һն¡
䣡
Ͼֱӱ˰ɿ⣬һҲʮɡ
Զ߿˿ԼƣģһǹۡĬһ˲̧ͷԶİϾò˵ǿϧڵ㣬ԶԶҵĶ֣
䣬ֱʧԭأͬʱһǿֱӱ˰Ͼ
֮ռ䶼Ϊ֮Ť
ռû飬ŤŤ黨״У͸һεĽɱ
ԶϾͫ΢һ̣ǰ̤һһ̤ǿ⾳ϯǿڿֱӵķʽײһ
䣡
ԲڵĿռһ˲Ȼ
˷׷׳ˡ
ܿ죬ΧĿռָʱϾ߳˵ǰ
˿̣ϾǶһĨ죡
߾Ҫ֣ʱҵҹͻȻߵǰ
һĻ˶ҹҵЩǿߡ
ҹҪϾˣ
ҹԭʵЩԥģǣϾʵһ̣ûھܾˡ

¸һĴۣҲҪ°Ͼ
ʱӮͻȻҹֵ֣𣿡
ҹһӮ򣬡ϾȻˣǣĸˣ˵ˡӮҲ֮飬ǣϣҲŰϾ
ӮֱҹŮˣǽǴߣ
ҹԣ
Ǿԣ
˵ĲӮ򣬶ߣ£ͻȻڿն𣬶ͻȻһͷӰһֳ̣ǰһ̽Ȼ·ҹ͵ؾһġ

µһ̣ͷӰͻȻ·Ӯ͵һɲǼ䣬һε𵴶£ģһֻ֡
һ˲ǵ˶ʱѹĿҪϢʹʵ澳ǿߣһַǳܵϢС
·ҹһĨһ̣ҽ͵һգȻֱӻһɫٶȼ죬˲ײֻ֮ϡ
䣡
ͻȻ羪ը죬˶һѣΣţһɿֲ͵ʱֱ֮õΧĿռ˳һ㼤
䣡
ʱǹ˵ģͻȻһըţһӰֱӳ׷˳ȥ
ˣҵɫʱޱѿ
Ϊˣҹ
ʣͻȻֳһɲǼ䣬Щֱӱһε˺ѷ飬ޡʱ߿Զҹ
û˵ֱһҹ˹ȥ
·ӮͻȻʵˣĬһ˲ͻȻһĨҪ֣նɱ
ӮĻ½˶ʱɫһ䣬ӮҪʲôҪҰ
Ҳ߰æ֣ȫʵҵġңҲҵʱ򡣶ӮȻʱ
ԶȻҲӮ˼һӣɲǼ䣬·ڷ·ţһͻȻ·ȻӮ˱ȥ
ͬʱҵǿʵٻ£Ҳ׷Գгҡ
ս
ϾȻûѡȥΪ־棬ôȥ
ϾֱһӮ˹ȥ
ϾԼӮһĨҵҪ㵽ж
䣬һֱӳŰϾ˹ȥ
Ȼз󣬵ǣһս߾ȫ·硣ΪӮ߱Ͼҵֶһλߡ
£Ȼ޷ǿġ
ȻǲԴеģ
ս
ܿ죬ҵ澳ǿ䣬еҹҲߴĽڽڰˡ
棡
ʱͻȻҹ
·û˿ԥһӣ档
£·ͻȻҲţһɫͻȻǳ˵ע£ǵɫ֮ͻȻһõӣ

ҵ棬ʵҵ֮ʵҲ˵ҵ档
ˣҵĻ棬ǻ
Ӯɫʱˡһλǧ漸޵еĴڰ
ҹ⣬˶ͣ
ûнǰλʱӮȻǲڶֵġ
УɨһܣлһЩãȻǺܿ죬ãȻǽ峺·İϾȻ΢΢һЦ
Ͼ΢΢һû˵
˵ͷȻ˲ԶӮӮɫ΢䣬ʱȴǿ֮еߡһָ̣һ㡣
䣡
գ˵ע£ֱӱɿ⡣
̧ͣͷʱɫʱ΢΢һ䣬㣡
һĨ죬ϵң
߳㴳ɽʱҼ㡣
΢΢ͷԭˣ
ʱͻȻǷһĨ㱾ڴˣһߡǣֻһƻǡ
䣬ͻȻƮͬʱһǿϢ˳
ϢԽԽǿ


1784 ˣ˰ɣ
Ͽգޱ顣
ҵЩǿȴЩţһΣǹϵҵ
Ӯ˴˿ͬЩţһʱĳǿߡ
޷ƲлʵǾԿնɱ澳ǿߵġ
ǸʧǶܲ
ԶӰԽԽʵʣϢҲԽԽǿϢͻȻ˳ɲǼ䣬գƾճһֻ޴ƣֻƼٸס֮ǡ
ֻ޴֮ɢǿϢֱӽڵĿռѹŤ
ͬʱ˸ܵһŨŨϢС
޷
Уд󺧣ǿԼܹס
ڴˣǾûκġǣǰλı塣
ʱʵͻȻһŭȣȻֶ·͵ؾһġ
䣬ǵ޴ֱ֮׹¡
ɢǿϢҪǴݻ٣ʱͻȻǰ̤һһ̤һεϢһ𵴶ȥ
䣡
һըɢϢ˲ɢ
ʱֻ޴ѾϿա
ʱͻȻָһ㣬һ㣬ԲڵĿռͻȻһš
䣡
Ͽգ羪ը졣
˵ע£ֻ޴ƾҲģֻ޴ƿʼѣҪǵһ̣Ȼըѿ
ʱͻȻһӣɲǼ䣬ֻ޴ֱӻޡ
һĻǵͻȻĻ
ǣϾҹɫȴǳ
ΪǷ֣Խˡ
վǱ壬ʵ޵ġң֣ĵԽǾͻʧԽ졣
ӮȻҲˣǴЦġ
ʱͻȻǰ̤һȻ߸վһ㡣
أ
˾Ŀ֮Уֱӱһǧɿ⡣
ۣ
߸һͣбһھѪ˷֣ǰһѪѪ
ǣһԵԽˡ
ĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷԶǴɽˣʹһƻǣҲ˵ǿ󡣡
һߣɽΪҪץͽܡ
ΪҶ
ߵҶУϽĽǽǽв
ǽ
ĬϢȻߣǽǽȷʵвǿֺý
ֱ㣬ҪԼı׼ˡԼʵļֻвɣ⽣ٿߵĳɡҵĻᣬҲɽ˵ĻᡣҲͬ
΢΢ҡͷǽƣ֮Уض˽Եǣа֮Уǽֻ£
ʱӮͻȻҶɲ֮
һӮȻ鷳ϡ
Ӯ˵ʲôȴûйǿҹ֮ǰܶԣѾͷ䲻ˣȴҵĸӣ˲ûȫ֮ף
ȫ֮
Ļҹɫʱˡȫ֮û뵽Լ澹ȻϾôأ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱȴǿӮˣӮɫʱһ䡣
ȻˣǾµʲôɣ
䣬ͻȻһֱʧԭء
һĻӮɫ䣬ˣ
ȻѾˡ
ҵ˵Ŀ֮УӮ󣬽ʮ澳ǿͻȻһϢʮ澳ǿֱɢ˿Уͷ·δֹ
ԶҲԽˡ
תͷһǰϾҶСӽ첻֣ˣ˰ɡ
£ڿɢ˿
һĻ˵Ķʱ
ԶӮͬɫѿղŵֱ֣߳õʧءʧһء
ʱԶͻȻһԵİϾû˵һֱӳŰϾȥ
ʱҹͻȻһ˰ϾǰѾͷߣ
䣬ҽ͵һգȻ˳߱ȥ
ߣ
Ͼ΢΢ҡͷ£ôܹ뿪أ컯һʧԭأת˲Ѿ嵽Ӯǰ
֣Ӯޱ飬£˷׷׳֡
ɱ
ʱԶͻȻʵţҵǿȫ
мս
ȻǴ·硣ϾӮߣǼϼҵľ
ʱ
䣡
ͻȻͻȻһţһӰͻȻԿг׷˳ȥӰҹ
ҹȻͬΪ澳Σǣʵȣġ
գ߾Ҫٴγ֣ʱϾͻȻҹǰ
ҹҪ˵ϾȴͻȻҹϣȥǰǡ˽ң
ҹҡҡͷڻս
Ͼ˽е죬սҲҪսҹλֻҪסһἴɣаģ
Ҷҹʡ
Ͼ˵ͷ
ҹʡ
Ͼһᣡ
䣬ֱʧԭأһ̣ߵǰת˲е͵ش̳
ǷһĨֽճȭͷõӰֳˡ
ȭ
䣡
Ͼеֱת˲ǿֱӽϾɿ⡣
Ͼͣ߱ٴγǰӦ죬߻δʱеֱһɨ
̺֮ǿֱΧĿռѿʱߵȭͷͻȻеϡ
أ
һը𣬰Ͼسɣ˲ʮɡ
࣡
֮Ĳ࣡
Զ߿һ۰Ͼò˵ţɽЩһ㶼ϧ㾳̫͡ڵ㣬ԶԶҵĶ֡Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ڣýˣ
䣬ͻȻһԲһֱ̣ӳ˰Ͼǰ
Ͼͫ΢ӿţ͵سǰһ̡
ҲûжеԲֱ˰Ͼ졣
ǱԲڿķʽײһ𡣵ײһһ˲ϾɫʱȻ䣬ҪǹȻѾ
ͣ
Բֱпǹ⣬һ̣Բֱ롪
Ͼƾǿսʶ챻ֿһ˲ǿһ뿪ԭء
ǣЩˡ
ͣ
һֱֱֻ׷˳ȥֱֻһ׷ɳȥģѾ죡


1785 ʹ
УתͷԶİϾһжˣ
䣬һֱʧԭء
ԶϾͫһҪ֣ʱһͻȻڳ쳹𣬽ţһ⻮գߵǰ
üͷ΢壬еĵ͵һС
䣡
һըڳ쳹ֱӱس˶ʮɡ
˿̣ͻȻͣ˿˰Ͼλã׼ȷ˵ǰϾǰ
֪ʱһӡ
ʱ˶ʱϲӮɫޱѿ
ΪӣҶ
Ҷˣ
Ҷĳ֣һΪǿϣ
ԶҶĿ˰ϾϣŰϾǿտҲұãȻǸˡ
Ͼ΢΢ҡͷ٣
ҶһȻתͷӮˣӮңңң½ңؼҡҶԼ귢ģǲҸԸĶ
귢ģ
Ӯҵǿһ̣ɫޱȵҶ귢ģζҶ֮䣬޺ͽܡ
Ҷ
ʱҶలϾͷȻóöʯݸϾϢһ£㱣֤˺ˣһٱ
ϾҶСġ
˵꣬ʯȻ˵һԡ֮ǰսõ̫̫ࡣڣҪָ
ԶҶתߣߴһҶȻҶ㡭
˵⣬Ȼֹ
ΪҶѾʧԭأͬʱһüֻвλã
ڽҪüʱͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶ󣬽ţһĵͻȻҶĺ󾱡
ʱҶȻתͬʱеĽ͵һն¡
أ
һӴеĿռǾһţҶ߳ű˴˵ĺˣһˣҶɣֻ˲ɡ
һν棬Ҷ·硣
Ȼȴǳ֮ɫ⾳еţ
ԶҶ˿ԼеĽ˿̣еĽ澹ȻЩˡĬһ˲̧ͷһԶеǱУһ˿档
⾿ʲô
Ȼ춼նĽ棬֮ǰû⾳ĻҲˡ
ĬϢҶһеĽľ
ľһ̣Զжʱ˽ҿһȻ
仰δ˵꣬ԶҶͻȻʧԭء
ʧ
ת˲ü紦һ㺮⡣
˲һ̣Դһƫǵ㺮ֱһͬʱҽ΢΢һ䣬ȻеĵҶĸ˹ȥ
ҶǱһУҪģ
˶ΪҶܻ߷ʱҶȴһ˶ȵĶ
ûжŽһС

Уж뷨
ΪҪطʱٴξˡΪ߸ûлطǼҶĸ
ҶĽߵĺ󾱣ߵĵҲҶĸ
أ
ըҶֱӳ˸Եĺ󷽰ɿ⡣
û£
סˡܿ죬˷ڡ
Ҷǰ֪ʱһѪɫ¼ףǵɽǺȹŮѪסԶߵĺϣ֪ʱһɫף֮ϣ鲼״Ĺġ
֮ǰ׵סҶһ
һ˲
ˣ
һͻȻڳת˲˵ע£ҶֱʧԭءٴγʱѾߵǰһ̣ľЯһɻصһն¡
һ˵Ҷµļޡ
⾳ַ򣬻
¡
ǲ
ԲڵĿռͻȻѳ֩״
ҶǰһĨȻܶû˿ԥеĵбϡ
ӲӲ
һӴ
䣡
ҶΪģΧڵĿռһ̺ȻȻռıû֣ͣ෴Ҷǿռڶĸǿˡ
Ȼʱǿռڶ֮УͻȻһһ̣ǿռڶͻȻʼҲת˲뽣виɢǿֱӽеǿ߱Ƶĳˡ
˶һ˲˲ضҶǰܣʣյңҪϳˡ
䣡
ʱǿռڶ֮ͻȻٴηһδըģеĽ뵶ԽԽˡԼʮϢлָƽǿռڶҲط޸£ָ
Ҷٴγ˵ǰ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ״ǲõģɫ԰ףϵʮ϶׵ĵۣѪϴЩ˿֮лõҶϮ˺
෴Զöˡ
ȻߵϣһЩˣأ
һĻҵɫЩѿˡӮһȻҶȻǣϾǣ治ģ
߿˿ԼϵЩˣȻ̧ͷԶҶû뵽һγţҲѹľѡ㡣
䣬Ҷȥÿһռ䶼һͬʱһɿֲϢϯȻҶѹȥ
һݣҪˣ
ʱҶǰ̤һ⾳ϯ⾳ֱӵסǹϢ
ͬʱҶɿľľУȻַŷϡû˿ԥҶ˺һ̣ſǱľֱӷɵ֮С
ľһ̣ľʱһһ쳹
ĿⶼҶֻұϣ˿̣˶ܵһļµ
Դֻұۡ

Ҷ˫΢գڲš˿̣оԼ¶
һ˲ҶͻȻ۾Զߣһ
䣬ҽ͵һգˡ͡һʧԭء
Զ˫΢Уһֱ̣ӻһʧԭء
䣡
һըͻȻڳ쳹˵ע£ֱӱҶһǧɿ⣬߸һͣбһĨ죬ͬʱеǱͻȻһȻһƬɢ䡣
һĻԶӮɫޱѿת˲Ӯ
䣬˾Ҫߡ

ʱҶͻȻӮˣһЦʹ𣿡


1786 뱨Ǿ
Ӯ֮ѡҪΪֱڲǿܶˡ
ɽȻûг׵İܣǣĿǰԷѾκβҶˡ
κβҶԷܶѱˡ
һԷܣ߶ԷɱǵʱҪһλ澳ΣҶ밲ϾҶǰϾһֻ֣ӵķݣ
Ӯ򽫾ƿĺԣѡ߻ûʱ
Ȼһ㣬ǾҶ
ҶôܻŹǣ
ҶĻӮ˵ĶʱһĬһ˲ӮͻȻߣȻ£˽ʵѾԽһ澳ǿߡԸµʵȻ壬ǣ˷ʱ䡣磬һ֣
ĨĨǵѪԶҶ׼ȷ˵ǿҶֻ֡Ĭһ˲˵ͷã
ԣӮһȻһӣϧһдɱҶ
䣬һֱӳҶ˹ȥʮ澳ǿҲæҶ˹ȥ
߳Ĭһ˲ȻҲһҶ˹ȥ
λ澳ǿߣʮλ澳ϵǿߣݣϢѾѹҶˡ
֣
ʱһͻȻҹʱ˿̣ҶѾһϣһپ٣һҶҿ϶Ҳ군
ԣǱ֣
ԶֽеľУ֮ɫһ̣ҽ͵һգֱӻһѪɫⱩ
һΣҶĿ겢ߣҵ澳ǿߡڵʵ澳µģһһ澳εģҲ飡
ҶȺһ̣ɱʼˡ
ͷ䣡
һϢһͷɳȥ
һĻҵǿд󺧣رЩ澳µߣʱ˿̣к˼㡣˴˿Ѿ⣬⣬Ѿʼˡ
УҼҼ
ӮֹҶǣҶǽ֣ҶĿ꣬Щͨ澳ǿߡõ˶ǳΣΪǵٶȲҶ졣
һᣬӮڷԣΪѾʮλ澳ǿҶĽ£
쳷УӮ򽹼
ˣ
ʱͻȻһɭţ˪˳У˪һֵģڤŮŮ
˪ʱӮɫ˲ޱѿ

ʱ˿ֻ̣ͷ
ߣӮֱһԶȥ֮ǰǻĴңܹΧɱҶ˵ҡ˪˳ֺ֪һжˡʹ澳ǿҲܣ
Ҷû׷˪ǽǣ
˪΢΢ͷȻһԵҹλ뱨𣿡
Ȼҹ
Ǿ
˪£ڤŮֱʧʡ
ҹʣڴ˴ƺ˸ߣ˵꣬ǿ߳ʵӮ׷˹ȥ
ʹˮĻᣬȻŹ
УҶߣ˽ˡ
䣬һֱӻһʧԭأٴγʱѾߵͬʱеľֱߵĺ󾱡
߷Ӧ죬תһȭ
䣡
һֱӱǧɿ⣬ͬʱֻұѾҶһ˿
߿˿ԼѵֱۣĬһ˲̧ͷҶֱʲôֱۣȻǿ̶ֳȡ
Ҷûлشٴλһʧԭء
ԶһĨһ̣ͻȻڿնһͷӰţֽճȭȻһȭ
䣡
һɼǿȭͷ֮бǹһ֣ҶǵǱɢȻʱҶٴξٽһ
䣡
䣡
ߵǹǿϢֱӱһһΪͬʱҶ˴ǰľ̺֮ǿֱõΧĿռڿռڶ֮УЩļӳ֣ҶľԽĿֲˣ
ľϮͫһ˫͵غʮ

ͷӰͻȻҶ͵һһǿ𵴶ֱõΧڵĿռ伤ҶҲӲͣ
ʱߺʮ˫ͻȻҶһģ𣡡
䣬ͷӰͻȻ˫ֶҶ͵һġ
䣡
һǿͻȻҶͷϿգֱ֣õ·ڵ촷ۡڵ֮ǰѾߣˣûʲô
УҶǷһĨһľһһ̣ҽ͵һգ˻һ𣬺ܿ죬ֱǹǿײһ
䣡
ʣԭ޸ĿռһȻǱ
ʱҶͻȻһһ⳯߳˹ȥ
Զһһ̣˫һУһǿϢϯǳҶҴδһᱻһ澳һε߱ƳԼĵƣ
䣬˫ֳһУɲǼ䣬ͷӰͻȻת˲ͷӰͻȻֶԶҶ˹ȥ
СӣСһ㣬ͷϽ磬Ȼֻ壬ʵС
ʱҶͻȻ
СӣҳȥֻɫһܽʱǺҲҶ
ҶֱǺ䣬ǰͷõӰҶûӣĬһ˲һϸСĻͻȻǰת˲ֱӰסеľ

ľҶһȻҽ͵һգ˻һ潣Ⱪ
ܿ죬潣ͷõӰڿײһ
߸һӴһ˲
ͣ
ǵ潣ֱͷõӰһת˲ǵ潣ߵǰͫȻһԷûԴУӿһɫ׳ǰ
ܿ죬ǱľǼɫϣɲǼ䣬ɫֱӰ˽ȥûơһɣҪʱҶҲͻȻסľһ̣˫ľ͵һ
ͣ
ľֱӴɫףת˲ֱӽӲΪǱľţֱӴܵڡ
ߴ˴ȻһҪɽ
ҶսȻ±Ӵɣ
䣬ֱӱһɻת˲仯ޣֻ档
û뵽߻һ澳һεУ
ʱһͻȻڳ쳹


1787 ˣ
ҶתͷԶ̿ȥ֪ʱһӡӴԼʮ꣬ͷͷͫɫġ
ɽҶʡ
ӵ˵ͷɽˣԡ
ˣ
ҶüͷûҲûȤɱҵģǾͶ֣ǣǾתȥ
Ե΢΢Ȼԭǣڣˡ
Ŷ
Ҷжһ˿ȤΪΣ
Ե֪ʲô𣿡
ԸꡣҶ
ԵһȺڲͬʮȴܹʤ꣬ǣԽսǣšЩȥɽΪֻͨǲܹȥ׷Ѱߵ磬Ҳܹߵ
˵⣬ҶҲˣ
Ҷ˵ʲô
Եˡ
ˣ
ҶһԣȻ̫ס
ԵɽиָǿߣЩǿߣ඼ǰϹЩϹһЩԼߡ˵ĵطжǸطţر㣬Ƿǳ׼ڶ̫ģ
ΪʲôҶʡ
Ϊ£
Եʮʱ䣬츳Ǳɽ˿¶ûܹס㡣ԣ𣿡
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼˣʲôô
΢΢ҡͷ뷨ԣȣӦ룬ˣΪ˴ʲô໥ģȡ֮ǰҪԼԼܹʲô𣿡
ҶЦЦȻ˵ĺܶԣҵһ㣬Һǻ
ֱҶ㲻ǻҾͲˡǸطĴˣˡңУûƲ硣
Ҷ£ûɽҪɱңҼˣЩ˵鷳
΢΢ҡͷˡһˣ棬Ҷɵģûϼ¼УֻǶһʵǧЩĻᣬ鷳ܲñ˰㣬ǵÿԼֶΡûֶΣֻԼȥԼ鷳
ԭˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷҴ˼ˡ˵⣬ԣΪηɱң
ԳĬһ˲ȻΪûɱ㡣
ûգ
ҶЦţԷ˵ûգ֮ԷΪЩɱġ
ֱҶ֮ǰߣҲܻɱ
Ҷ˵ͷǿŶ
һһöϸСƳҶǰԸ⣬ʱɽ󣬿ͨϵң
ҶҲûоܾƣҿǿǣ
΢΢ͷһ£ɽѾ㣬ңѾ˵й߶ѾɽˡԣԼСİɣ
䣬һֱʧԭء
ߣ
ʲôйߣֹж£
ɽȹŮӾ֪ˡΪԷǹߣ
鷳ϣ
ʱϾߵҶǰû°ɣ
ϾϾϾҼ·ĿտҲʱĪһʹʱϾ޴󰭣
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷȻ󽫰Ͼ˻Уû˵ֻŰϾ
Σ
Ͼһ·Ϊ̫̫Ŀˡû˵ԲҲû˵ллΪ֮䲻ҪЩ
˾ıš
һԣҵȻȥţڰϾҶȻһ޳ɡ
ϾȻˣǾ֮ǰº󣬰Ͼ֮䣬Ѿ˺ĸ顣٣պҪĻϾضܾġ
ϾҶһζʲôʣϾңҶԹ
лЩǵģΪɽƺҪҶ鷳ϾҶܵ˵ΰ룡
ȣ
ʱһڳ
Ҷ밲Ͼ˿ҶԶ˪Ů֪ʱ
˪΢΢һЦûдŵǰɣ
ҶûнӻһڤŮˣȻɱ˶٣
˪ɱ˶ʮңӮļˡ
û£
ҶһΣҵ˶ѾԪˣڵǣʲôˡ
˪˵ͷ뷴ڣǷʱ˵⣬˶٣ֵǱɽЩ˵֮ǰңȻʱǻḹܵС
Ҷ˪ɽˣԼ£ԼȥԾͺã
˪ü΢˵ʲôʲôԼ£Ҹ㣬£ҵ¡ˣиͬѣҲҪһ𵱣
Ҷһů֪˪ڸ·£ġΪ˪ˣԷҲмȥСֶΡ
Ҷ˵ʲôʱ˪ֵңһͨ»ûɽŹ㣬ҲŹйϵˡԣǱЯһԣ
Ҷ˵ͷá
˪ҾͳĿ꣬ӮҡȽӮͷĸȺףʣµļҾͺʰˡ
˵⣬ҵҹǰأ
ҹȻ˪˼Ĭһ˲˵ͷԸҹˣ
ԣ˪ʱһĨЦݣҵļ룬ҪӮңǻȻࡣ
ΪʲôڳʱͻȻ
˪֮ǰһսҶ̫࣬Ҫָһ¡ңһңҪ׼һ¡ͻϮҲҪ׼òͻϮһʱ䣬ˡ
ԣ˵˵ͷʾͬ
˪ҹǰһ½ˣΣ
ҹ΢΢ͷ룡
䣬ͬʱʧԭء
ҶڤŮˣȻָһʮڤŮŮǰúһ£컹ҪǰæڤŮŮȻҲûҪ
ڤŮŮ飬Ȼʧԭء
һΣҶæģǣҲҶġ
һ䷿֮УҶŰϾֽ˺ڡ
ָ
ﰲϾֱָۣȻϾֱǱնϵģǣں˵Ⲣʲô¡
һʱںİ£ϾֱѾ³˳
ȴ޷ָˡ
ҶలϾԴȻû£Ժһõġ
Ͼ΢΢ҡͷѾ죬ԺҾ˫ǹ
Ҷ˵ͷãԺҰ취죡ô꣬ݸ飬˵ͷ
Ͼ΢΢ͷĿǰϣһĨˡ
ҶҪ˵ʱüͷͻȻһ壬ת˲뿪˺֮Уһˣ˪
ôˣҶʡ
˪Ӯˡ
ʲôҶʡ
˪һҶȻͣ
ͣ


1788 ȥˣ
ͣ
ò˵˪ʱҶЩ㶣Ϊû뵽ӮҾȻͣ
ת˲ҶЦͣڲͣү
ӮҾһΣԪˣʱҪϢʱԣǼ٣Ϣ档һǻպԷ϶Ǻͱӵģ
˪һҶ˼Ǿܾඣ
Ҷ˪㲻ҪͰɣ
˪ҡҡͷֻ޴˲Żȥ͡㣬Ϊ¡ʱǻȥӮң׼û
Ҷ˵ͷ޴󰭣ϾҲѾָ˵⣬˶٣ֵһΣҪӮң
˪ÿһңǵƣƣֻڹؼʱ̲ŻáҲ֪ӮҵĵʲôǣⲢҪʲôƣһΣǶȥӮҲɡ𲻵ӮңҲҪӮ˽Ϲǣ˳ǧ̨
ҶǴǧʧ
˪һҶܣȻáʱ󣬳ۼٵ
䣬һʧԭء
֮УҶĬһ˲Ȼ˺ڡսǺͳǰ
СӣҪôſϷҳȥ̯ˡ
Ҷһۺ䣬ȻԼġ
΢飬СӣҳϣˡڣҪ̸ǣ㵽ҪôſϷҳȥܹܲһӰɣ
Ҷ룬ȻǰʵǿҷȥҪǶҳ֣ʱ˭æȥң֪ⱦҪǴȥʮİ
˵⣬Ҷ˶٣ȻֵȻҲܹǰһӵġһʵǰǰûвҾͷǰȥô
ɫЩѿСӣʵңҵõȵ£
ʱͻȻҶԶǺ䣬⻹򵥣䣬ǼΪǿģָָС£Сӵ츳ָҪ㣬ʲô°
Ҷ۾һǿ
ϻ
Ͻ磬ǳġ֪Ϊʲôֻʣͷ­ܻΪСӣľ㿳һٽû£
ĻǺһĨ԰Сӣ˵ûϽǿģһЩǿޣǰǵȻʧɫ
仰ûţұһǿ
ҶЩɵĿһǺ䣬ʱǺŭСӣ㲻ţľ
Ҷҡҡͷǲšֻǣ˵ǰ㱻һλ޸Ǹ
ҶĻǺһܿ죬ɫޱѿ
Ϣɫָˣǿ
ˡȻָңӣ
ǿҶʡ
˵ͷʶ֮Уֻһ˵Ľ⡣
˭Ҷæʡ
΢΢ִ˽˾Ҳľˡ˾Ľĳ̶ֳ˵˵ĽӵĿ¡
ΪΣҶʡ
Ľûһʣ⵽˼¡Уֻнܹ֮ңΪĽģĽѾﵽľˡ˵Ѿˣ
Ҷ⡣
俴һҶ֮󣬾ǵѵģʹһЩߣҲֹ֮ǰĽȱݵģȱǵòֲĽɾվޣ
ʲôȱݣҶԽˡΪ̫׾˵ңӵĽȱݵģңԼƺҲ֪
飡
ҲͺñһһΪԲĽѾﵽļ£ǣܸĻĽվĳһطֹ޷ڽ磡
˵⣬üͷͻȻһҶжһ˿ɻ
ôҶʡ
һҶȻҡҡͷСӣ֪Լȱʲô𣿡
ʲôҶʡ
⣡
ĽմȾ顯֣˵֣õĽĸǿ˵⣬΢΢ҡҡͷȻˡ
Ҷ
ʱͻȻЩˡ䣬̸СӰɣҾãСʺ
俴һҶͦʺϣôܴࣿ
䣬ֱʧԭء
ʱͻȻתģΪûѡ񣡡
Ҷʼ磬ϣɣ
˵꣬תʧԭء
ڶ㣬Ҷ¯ǰǰ£
Сӣ棬Ǻ䣬Сĵ㡣Ǵȥʱ㡣СӣңԲһĻ
Ҷ˵ͷף
Ҫ壬ҲҪʱ¡
ҶЦЦǰôҲ˵ĴˣȥϽ磬˼Ҳ𣿡
ñ̫ϣΪ˼пڱչز֪Ͽɵĺˣ˶ٻӣ鷳ģҲ鷳ǣ˭֪õ˵Ͽɣ
Ҷ
ԣԼŬɣԼǿ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷһ뿪˺
ǳ⣬˿˪Ѿۼڴˡ
˪ڤŮŮڼҵҹʮ澳ǿߣݣѾѹӮҡ
ҶһۣȻЦһΣӮҴϳߣ
䣬һת˲ʧ޾ǿС
˪˽

˿̣ĳǿνĻ̡̻֮ǰӮҵΧңûܹɱҶõӮʧأڣҵʵ޷ڶԿҵˡ
ҶԸŹӮ
϶ᣡ
ˣ
ʱһͻȻĳϿ쳹𣬵һ̣ӮɫʱҰ
Ҷˣ
ĳϿգͻȻһˣΪ׵Ҷ˪ҹ
Ҷ˳ĳϿʱӮӮҲϿգҶңңԡ
Ҷָָ·Ѿ޸ĳǣȻҲ˵Ǳˡôǲأ
ӮҶҶӮԣӮԸ⽻磬Ӵ˺ӮҾΪС
ˣ
ҶЦЦܿ죬Цһ̣ٽ·һ
ͣ
ûĳǣĳֱӱ롣
գҶ̧ͷӮ򣬡ͣȥˣ


1789 Ӯ棡
ͣ
ӮȻǡڵӮңͣǣò͡Ϊڸ޷Կҵ֡
ʣӮǻǰʵǻ
ңҶţʹӮԺˡǣպֻҪӮһᣬǾԻڱͱһġ
ʴȣ
磬ܶʱǲʴȵġΪʴȣܻļַ˵ˣȻ鷳޴飬ҶǾԲġ
ڣǻۣҲҪ鷳Զ
ԶӮҶҶ֪ӮǣӮѪƴҲԪˣ˭ûкôǡ
ٸƨ
ʱҶͻȻٽָӮ򣬡ӽѪƴġ
䣬ҽ͵һ壬˻һ⳯Ӯȥ
һĻӮӮɫޱѿҶȫķһû취̸
ʱ
ӮϾջ˼˫Ȼ͵ضǰһ
䣡
һǿ˫֮𵴶˲Ҷǵһ
䣡
УͻȻһըըӮֱӱ˰ɿ⡣
ҶҪٴγ֣ʱʮͻȻӮ
ЩˣеӮҵģ඼ǱҵġΪ׵ģ½Ҽ½죬ҼؼҼԼҼ
ҵļǴˣȻ֪ʰӮңǽ϶ǡԣʱǱıһΪΨˣǲܹԿң
ʱӮһԵ˪˪Ȼǰǣ֣ӮңҲܹƴܾˡ
˵⣬ֿһҹλǧ棬ǰ˴磬бһƴܾˣֻ˱ˣ
ûҶ̸Ϊ֪Ҷ̸ûһáҶῼЩ𣿲ҶῼЩУҶһӣ
ҹԥ£Ȼ˪˪ȴǿҶأ
һĻӮɫ˲ѿ
ҶӮһۣܾˣǰĻҵȷʵǣڣѾûˡȻҲûáڲƴǻʱʧ󣡡
˵ţӿƨ˵ˡ죬ʧʧ䣬ҽ͵һ壬ֱʧԭء
Զ̣ӮɫȻǴҾʯٰɣɱ
䣬ͬʧԭء
ͬʱ·ĳͻȻһţһͻȻЩһһĳ˪˼ȥ
󷨣
һĻҹɫЩÿ綼зЩ󣬶澳ǿ߻ǷǳвġƣӮǵƾ͵Ȼ޴ˡ
ʱȻǲߵġ
˪ԵڤŮ밲Ͼ赲ǶȥƵ󷨣Σ
Ů˵ͷû˵κλȻһ·ĳǼȥ
ʱԶҶֵӮæֹǣ
£½ӮֱӳŰϾڤŮ˹ȥڤŮҪ֣ʱϾͻȻȥҵסǣ
ڤŮһ۰Ͼû˵תһ·ȥ
Ӯɫһ䣬ҪڤŮ׷ȥʱһǹ׼ȷ˵ǰǹͻȻƳӮǰ̺ǿõӮɫһ䣬䲻Ҵ⣬æͣȻ͵һȭ
أ
һըӮֱӱ˰ɿ⣬Ͼûгʤ׷һ½ǰţаǹ͵ؾһ̡
½ϾʵһǹȻ˿Ĵ⡣һͬһǹȻһǹ̳
䣡
½ֱ˴ǹ˵˰ɿ⣡
ԶϾ˫ְָ죬Ȼ̧ͷ½ԼӮ죬·ͨ
Ӯ½һۣһֱ̣ʧԭأʧһ̣ϾҲͬʱʧԭء
ֱսһ
ȻӮ½춼澳ǿߣǣϾһж˿·磡෴ģӮ½ԽսԽľΪвͻᱻϾɱ
Ͼսʶʵֲ̫ˣ
С
ӮߵǿȻߣǣػǻǿֿסߵĹơȻⲢûгá
ԼһӺ
·ĳͻȻһըת˲Ǹĳǵľ޴ȦͻȻȥţЩͻȻƾʧˡ
ˣ
ܵһĻӮɫʱˡӮҵˣҵڴ˿ɫҲЩѿˡûػôԿҶˣ
ʱԶ˪ͻȻӮˣӮңտԳˣ
䣬ҹֱӳӮ˳˹ȥ
ʱӮͻȻŭ𣬡棡
䣡
һ޴ȦԲ̨ͻȻ·ĳǳת˲ǸȦԲ̨˿УǹȦԲ̨ڿţģһŻ۵ӳԲ̨֮ϡ
Ӯ棡
У˶ͣ
˪ɫЩӮ棬ȻֻһƾǣǣҲСҪֺ֪󣬿˲Ӯҵҽʮλ澳ǿߣ
ˣǳԽ澳εģ
ӣӮҵ˶ʱһӮɫҲһɡʵӮĵƣǲ̫õġΪֻһΣ
ǣ֪ڲãӮҿܾҪˡ
˿̣ӮѾ˾
Զɨһܣܿ죬еãȻ峺ĿӮӮϣδӮûˡ
ԣӮɫʱЩӮӹһ񣬡ܣ涪ˡ
΢΢ҡͷ£˥䣬ûκһܹԶٲʢ
˵ţתͷԶҶ˪һۺֿһ۰ϾڤŮˣģɫ
Ҳ̫˵㣡
Ĭһ˲ĿҶ˪ϣˣ˵ʲô壬ԣְɡҿҵĵǿ˺̶ֳȣ
Ҷ˪
˪ˣ
Ҷ


1790 Ͻ
Ҷ΢飬Ůˡûж˵ʲôתͷӣһ̣ľУܿ죬ӿ
ӿеľҲ
ӿһҶеľȻýǺýǲ֪ʵˣ
ҶϾ֪ˣ
£ҶͻȻʧԭأҶʧһ̣ͻȻָ
һ˲䣬о
˿̣ҶѾӵǰľü䲻磬ľ޷ڽ磬ΪӵָסҶľ
ӿҶ
Ȼǣ
ҶұϵŷͻȻʧˣһ̣ץסľת˲
䣡
˾㵵Ŀ֮УǹȦԲֱ̨ӱ˰ɿ⣬ͬʱֱ
ʱҶͻȻ˴ӵǰһ̣籩һ㽫Ӹû
˿̣Ҷּľÿһ̺õó˸оļ£
ʵǰλӮʵֻǿǣԷһȱ㡣ǾǶԷ̫࣬ԣϸ˵ԷߣȻǰԷɱ
ҶķԽԽ
һӺҶͣ
˿̣Ѿõ͸
ԶֱҶϽ
ͣ
ʱһͻȻü䡣
գҶͼ㣿
䣬ֱɢ˿С
һĻӮɫʱҰû뵽Ӯ涼ˣ
ˣ
Ӯ˵ϣûˣ
ӮˣĴǿߴ˿ҲɫͳˮӮƶûãڣʲôԸҶӮ涼סҶպҶȥǼ壬ǵĻܵסҶ
˿̣ӮеϣеϣҲˡ
ʱԶӮͻȻ½ˣλҪκεĻ룬ڣȻҪǾҲҪǣ˳ǧ̨
˵⣬תͷԶҶˣԣɱɣ
ӮĻ½Ҳ˿̣Ѿû·ΪҶ˾Բ·ġڶ˵ɱһɱ׬
ɱ
ͻȻӮһ̣ҵǿȫҶ˳˹ȥ
Ҷеľһ裬ɲǼ䣬һ䡣ӮˣĬһ˲Ȼһ
䣬ֱӡ͡һʧԭء
Զ
ͣ
һ澳ǿߵԴֱ׷˳ȥ
ҵǿȻѾ˱֮ģǣڼҶ˲ɱһ澳ǿʱл̲סһ⡣ʱһת˲һͷ˳ȥ
Ҷ׼ٴγʱӮͻȻҶǰУֻܹסҶ֣˵Ǳߵ˿϶ҪҶɱ˵ġ
УҶӮһۣûκηϻһ̣Ҷֱӻһʧԭأת˲һֱӮüλá
䣡
һǿͻȻӮϯȻƸһ֣ǱҶĽ̵֧飬ת˲ӮֱӱҶһɿ⣡
ȻҶδ֣ͣӮһͣҶٴγǰţһ¡
䡣
䣡
ӮٴαسɡӮֱӱҶˡ˿̵Ӯ򣬸ûлֵĻᡣܣֻʱ⣡
һߣҵǿߴ˿ҲǱɽΪһλ澳ǿߣ˪밲ϾڤŮˣǶܹ澳ǿߵĴڣ˵澳Σ澳ΣŮһս֮
ˣһսұѾڽڰˣ
ԶӮ쿴ǰһĻ˫Ѫ죬ͻȻ·ĳǣŭλ棬ǵҪӮӮպȥ棿
һ˲
䣡
ǿϢͻȻ·ĳǳһ̣һ׷һŻ۵߳ĳϿա
λ澳ǿߣ
ˣҵ˶ʱһӮλ棬ǳˡ
ʱǰ׷ͻȻӮ죬ΪĿǳõӮ˵زӮһ䵽˵زѴ̣
׷ߵĻӮʱѿȴҷ
׷תͷԶҶˣλʵףǣϷսĽӮûˣǣҲԪˡԣϷһ䣬ǵҪʯ٣
ҵҹԥһ£Ȼ˪˪ȴǿҶ£˵㣬˵㡣ԣ⡣
У˶Ҷ
ʵ˪仰ʱеӮɫѾȥΪѾµҶҪ˵ʲôˡ
УҶתͷҹҹǰסһˣ˪밲ϾסһˣڤŮǲҪ֣ɱپɱ١
£ֱʧԭأٴγʱѾӮǰת˲һ¡
䣡
Ӯ⧲֮£ֱӱҶһسˡ
һԣǰ׷߼ҶֱӶ֣˲һ̣һӣ֣
ʱϾ˪ͻȻǰһ̣һǹһɫצӡֱӳ˹
ҹҲǳӮһ澳ǿǰٴμս
ȻսûгãԼһӺ󣬳ͻȻ˲ԶҶԶ˿̵ҶͻȻһˡһĻʱӮɫ˲䡣
ػ棡
Ҷǿػֱۻľɱߣ
СģӮæŭ
£ԶҶͻȻһ潣ʧԭء
һ̣ӮͫȻһһ̣ܵϢܿ죬һֲϢ糱ˮһϯȻ
ͣ
һľ׾ٵ˺ЩϢת˲
ͣ
ǱľֱӮüһһ̡
䣡
һɻֱӽӮת˲Ӯֱӻޣͷ·δֹһ㣡
һĻԶİ׷뻪д󺧣û뵽ҶȻɱӮ
澳һ߻ɱ澳Σ
˿̣ҵǿк˼㣡
ԶҶеĽɲǼ䣬ɫĽһ䡣
Ҷǰ׷ߵˣȻӮңտԴϳˣ
԰գҪ֡
ʱͻȻͬʱСģ
һ̡
䣡
˾㵵Ŀ֮УֻҶͻȻˣһˣǧɣ
ҶһͣбھѪ
ô£
ʱһͻȻڳ𣺡Ӯңʲô


1791 ˣ
ͻһĻõó˽סˡ
˳Դȥ֪ʱһưɫȹŮӡӿֻжʮ꣬üĿ续پ£ֻϣ֮⣬һ˿޵
Ůӳڳʱ˶ܵһεѹȸУ
Ů˭
ǳ˵ʡ
ʱԶӮҰ׷ͻȻ㣬Ӯ棿
Ůӿһǰ׷ߣӮưɣ
ŮӵĻǰ׷ͻȻһȻͻȻŮӰȥФӮƣ棡
׷ߵĻӮǿȫסˡܿ죬ŮӰȥ桭
Ӯ
ԶҹɫѿѿУһ˿η塣
Ӯ
һ˶֪ˣǣ֪ÿһңгֳֹҵĳҵĴʼˣ
ͬģӮҵĳҲӮ棬λӮ
ӮӮĳţҲõӮҳΪǧİҲǹƥɱĪĿݼңȻƵÿݼһ棬ǣȴȫˡ
Ӯ֣ͳһʱ
ҹû뵽ӮȻ
˪üͷҲΪ֣һͬױĴڣ
˿̣Ӯҵ˿νϲӮʧ֮ʹδֹõӮ˶ѾĴڡǣû뵽Ӯʱ̣ӮȻˡ
Ӯоˣ
ԶҶŮӣʱͻȻǺСӣŮ˲Ǳ壬Ƿ

Ҷ㶣ȻֻһƷ
Ǽ򵥵ķ
Ů˱ԺǿƷҲǼ򵥵ķƷѾﵽʵĵزĳϵսܵ˵϶򲻹ġҷųȥ
Ҷ
ʱֵСӣû㿪ЦŮĲܹԿģֻǷ
Ҷûйܺ䣬ԶӮʱӮҲҪӮң
Ҷ˵ͷԣ
ʱӮͻȻ̧һ
ͣ
һâڳһ
ʱҶͻȻٽһ
䣡
һըҶֱӱǧɿ⡣
һĻ˪ɫ
ԶҶĨĨǵѪȻӮֻǷô㱾⣬ҽֻ·ˡ

ٴһ㶣ǰλӮȻֻǷôǿ֡ˣʹ˪ɫҲЩÿˡ
ʱӮһҶȻȷʵһ˲ţҪӮң˵㣬ӮҲ롣
䣬ͻȻҶһ㡣
䣡
ҶΧĿռͻȻͬʱǿռڶ֮ݺύи
֣
ʱͻȻ˪䣬˪ŮֱӳӮ˹ȥ
ԶӮ˾Ҫ֣Ӯȴǰ˰ֹ֣ǣȻ˪Ůһֻ̣Ƴǰ̽Ȼһɨ
ֲһĻˡ
һǿϯɲǼ䣬˪ŮڵĿռֱӱɨһƬ޴ռڶ̺ǿֱӽ˪Ůǧɿ⣡
ӮҪٴγ֣ʱһͻȻڳ쳹ת˲һӮǰ
Ӯޱ飬촽
䣡
һɿֲ𵴶ƽ˲䱻ɢǽ֮Ҷٴα˳ȥһˣһǧٶɡ
ҶһͣʱӮͻȻҶһգɲǼ䣬ҶܵĿռͻȻѹҶɫһ䣬΢ȻЩȴûܹƵΧĿռ䣡
ռԽԽеǿѹõҶоԼȫ··ƥһ㡣
ʱ
䣡
һɻâͻȻҶϯɲǼ䣬ΧĿռֱӱɻâճޡ
ԶӮһĨ죬𡭡⣬ǧ棬Ȼִ˵𣡡
Ӯ棬ҶͻȻҽ͵һ壬ֱӻһ潣ʧԭءһ̣潣ֱӳӮǰţǻ潣ͻȻը˿
䣡
潣˲佫Ӯû
һĻһԵӮ˶ʱЩҶػǿǼģѾ޷ݡӮܹס
ʱԶƬͻȻҲת˲һ㺮ͻȻƬ֮ըѿɲǼ䡪
䣡
һƬͻȻըѿ潣ܽ俪֮ռֱӱ˺ѷ
ʱһŮǲĻ֮л˳Ůӵɢֱ۳ĺ⣬ⲻΧŮӣͬʱһɺƺ֮ЩϽΧЩˡ
ԶҶͫ΢û뵽ûܹ˵Ůˡ
ŮֻһȻһҲǷ

ʱĳ
ӮҶȥе𣿡
ҶҪ˵ʱǺͻȻ𣬡СӣҳȥȻСҪŪˡ
ҶȻԷܲҪŪӮҪŪ
Ĭһ˲ҶͻȻ̧ͷӮֻķı壬һû´϶ǲ̫õģ𣿡
Ӯͣ½Ų֮ǰǴʧˡ
ҶǷһĨӸ㣬Ӯңˣ
䣬˪ŮŮ˽ңĽǣ
У˪
ҶһҲУ
䣬΢΢һתɲǼ䣬еĻľҲ
ת˲Ҷҽ͵һ棬ֱӻһ潣⳯Ӯȥ
Ҷֵһ̣˪ͻȻӮҵǿߣȻһ
䣬ֱȳӮ˳˹ȥ
ԶӮһĻɫһ䣬
£һӣһǿֱӳҶϯȥ
䣡
ǹǿֱӽҶǧɿ⣬ҶӮҪ˪Ů֣ȻʱҶȴֻһ潣ǰת˲潣û
ӮһĨָһ㡣
䣡
һǿֱӽЩ潣س˶ȥȻʱɫͻȻһ䣬֮ɫ


1792 
Ӯ֮⸱飬Ϊһؿڡ
սˣȻҶ
ת˲
䣡
һǿӮϯɲǼ䣬Ҷֱ˴ǧɿ⣬һͣҶбھѪȴǴЦݡ
Ų
ղţʩչľǴŲһɲǡ
һеƣ֮ǰδùǺȹŮԼʱûù
ڣòˡ
ӮʵȫκβöԷõòʩչŲˡ
ŲȻǱȲģӮҲҽӴǣӴӮľ޷Ӯ
ŲȴӽӮȻ⧲֮£ĽֱӴӮǰӮһ˲һûڡ
ȻӮȻǿѹסû䱬
ܵһĻҶɫٴЩ͹ŮˣԷҲʲôˡΪԷֻʱѹסƻ棬Ĩƻ棡
ԶӮҶղһУ
Ҷ˵ͷлл佱
ӮԶԶӮҵǿ˪˵Χ£ֻʣ²ʮ澳ǿߡ
Ĭһ˲ӮͻȻһӣɫȦͻȻӮЩǿ߽£еӮǿߣĳеһЩӮҲͻȻһɫȦ
һ̣Ӯ˫һ
ɫͻȻɲǼ䣬ЩɫȦӮȫʧ˳С
ԶҶ˪׷õ𣿡
˪˫΢գһϢ۾Ȼҡҡͷ
״Ҷɫһ
ʱӮͻȻû뵽СҶǰɣҼסˡң˶ãǾܹˡ
䣬ӮͻȻϢֱʧ˿С
ӮʧҶһԵ½ˣ˿̣½ɫ԰׵Ŀ¡
ӮӮҵһЩˣǣӮûǡ
½һҶҡ
ʱҶͻȻһӣȫɱˣ
䣬һֱӻһ⳯½˱ȥ
˪Ҳ
ʱҶ½κƨΪǶ˷ʱġ
˿̵½λҶ˵Ķ֣
һӺ󣬳ֻʣҵˡ
һεʤζǧ棬ҽˡΪңǼеǿ߳Ѿûκã
Щ澳ǿǴͲ
У˪ŮߵҶǰ˪һҶû°ɣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷû̫顣
кڣڴ˶˵ʲô¡УֱӱɱȻġ
˪΢΢ͷȻʤ׷ʣµĴҡʱΪǵѾȫû
Ҷ˵ͷҪһȥ𣿡
˪ˡȻָһ£ʣµ齻ǾͿˡ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷԣǻҪСһЩЩһ澳ǿߡ
Ȼ
˪˵ͷȻҵҹǰȥ𣿡
ҹЦȻȥջɹʱȻȥ
˪ԥ£Ȼҹǰһס
ʲôҹЩ档
˪һΣֻҪҵЩԼҵЩƣͳͳҪȫҡʽףҹǰΣ
˪Ļ˶סˡ
磡
Ҫ֪ҵңһĵ̣ն˲Դ˪ȻȫҪ
Ҷһ˪е˵ͷŮˣĺôȻ֪˪ͼ
Ҿ֮ǰ飬ʵѾԪˣڵңҲΪ˪˳ţһΣܹ֮ӮңҪǶڤŮ˰æ
ڤŮ˲ˣǲһҵģ
ڤŮˣҾֻʣҶõĳ֡˵ЩҪҲûǸȥǿȥֻҷչĽࡣ
ڵңҪϢҪָԪңȥƿЩңζҪӰߵǰҪ֪Ӯҵ˿ûʱһ뱻
ԣ˪ѡЩңڰС
Զҹ˪С㣬ûЦ
˪ЦЦҹǰڿЦ𣿡
ҹ˪ãȻãףˡ
ǴˣҲ֪˪ͼЩ磬˵׸ϾûôܹȥǶ˵ȴ׸
ΪӿʼڣûںģʧҲࡣԣȥЩġ󣬵ƹôȻڹٰ꣬ʱҽɳ̶ֳȣ
ȻҲзգԵķգǣջܾ
ҹĻ˪΢΢һЦҪ˵ʱҹͻȻֵһһҪǾǣϣҽˣ˺ңͬˡΣ
˪룬ȻȻû⣡
ԣҹ΢΢һЦ˪С㣬죡
˪Ц죡ڣȥĴҰɣ
ҹһ˪Сָӣ
˪΢΢ͷȻҶҶ⣬ڤŮŮλ㣬㲻
ûڤŮ˰ҪļңȻǲԣȴ鷳ࡣмŮͻļˡ
ŮͻȻɺøȥɽ
ҶЦȻû⡣
Ůʼ磬Ȼ˪߰ɣ
˪˵ͷ鷳λˡ
䣬һʧʡ
ŮŮǿҲȥ
УֻʣҶ
ҶɨһܣȻһطţ˺
ˣ
ʵ˻еصģΪ֮ǰģ涼ѾǳƣˡرʵսǴŲõƣ˼¡
ҲΪβ˪Ůȥԭ
˶Ҷ˵Ȼᳵ·ں޸£Ļָٶȣֱÿֲݡһʱϵ˱Ѿȫָ
Ҫ뿪ʱʱǺͻȻǰ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ȼʲô
ֱҶãȻҽѧ֮󣬵÷ҳȥ


ҶգգۣȻ԰
ֱҶ㷢ģ˾巢ģ
Ҷ㶣ȻɫҷģΥŵԣ˾ж


1793 ˫
ͣͣ
ʱǺͻȻСӣ㻹Ǳ˾ˡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
俴һҶȻΪҾúܲף
Ҷ
ʱͻȻ˺ǰʵ䣬ҲҴˡСѧ˵һ¡
£俴棬棬˵㲻֪֮Ĺϵ
Ȼֻ֪ǣСȫûʲôġ岻鷳ǲȥ鷳ġң㴫ض飬ڣ˵һ¡
ʱҶͻȻǸһ£ʲô
ϻ
ǺЩõϽŷɥġ
Ŷ
ҶġŶһȻû˵ʲôȴдšҲš
Ҷ⸱飬ŭСӣҪԣ
Ҷһۺ䣬Ȼ϶ǺǿģȻҲᵽ̶ֳȶܴ
ǿģʱͻȻ
𣿡ҶǺ䣬Ҽʶʶ
Ǿʶʶ
£ͻȻƮҶǰһ̣˫ͻȻһĨ⣬ת˲Ҷɫ䣬ţҶԼȻ޷Լ
Ҷд󾪣Ҫý⣬ʱͻȻķ֣Լ˿
˿̣겻˿
ֿ֣Լϣһϸ緢˿ĺߡЩߣõ޷ֺ
俴Ҷ壬ģ
ʱͻȻ󰡣
ԣǺƤһĬһ˲ЩסҶĺͻȻʧˡ
عҶǺ䣬жһ˿ɵءһУʵ޵Уǣ⧲֮£ʹ޷ֵ
Ϊֿʱʵʱ򣬱ϾꡣңҲûãΪԷԵľ꣬ûУǷǳǳġ
ʱǺͻȻ֮꣬УǶרŶԸģҲǳɵһΪ궼ǳˣǿǿ߽Уܶǿ߻ûǿߣֱӱɱˡ
ҶϽ磬壬壬һǿ
嶼ǿģ
Ҷ㵵б嶼ǿģ
˵ͷ
ʲô壿Ҷʡ
俴һҶôʲôԺԼȥ˲֪𣿡
Ҷ
ʱֵСӣҿԽǣֻһҪǾպ㲻Ը塣
Ҷ룬Ȼ˽˲ңҲˡֻҪ˲鷳Ȼǲȥ鷳ġǣҪɱңұضҪɱǵģ
˵⣬䣬ֵλǰ˵ģҺѧϰǣҲǷѧɡڣŵʮҷ
ʮ꣡
ʮ֮ţҪھ䣬¶Է۷ʱڣҲ壡
ֱҶԵ棿
ʵԳȥѾûбϣˡΪҲԼȥġϾȥζرҪ¶ˡϽ֪һҶϣҶʮģ
ǣû뵽ҶȻԸȥȻʮ󡣶ʮ꣬ǿ˵ܾ˯һѣ
ǰҶ˵ͷȻ
俴ҶãҶ˵٣µãһΪ
һԣ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ˡ
Ҳ˵Ҷģǣ֮У֪ٴβҵҪҶʮꡭѾܹ󵽺Ժġҡˡ
ʲȴ
£һƺâͻȻü伤ƺâ˲ûҶü䡣ܿ죬ϢҶĴС
ɣѪ
ĬãҶ̧ͷǺ䣬Ѫ
ľǲ˾õĲľܹңҲѽ˵̶ֳȡʹľҲûܹɱҡԭ򣬾ΪⲻֻҪɱ͸һһξѪ
Ҷһۺ䣬ȻҪָԼԭģҪã
еѣûҿҪϼʮʱܹΪҵľ𻵵ģǽ
Ҷ˵ͷȻô
أһأ˫һ㣬ɳʰ״̬״̬㣬ʹ澳ǿҲ㡣ⲻֲĵطֲĵطǣ״̬µ㣬˶ˣ㶼ܲһ̣оԼ޵еģ
˫
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻڶأ
ڶأѪ˾磬ֻҪ겻٣ǣֻҪеξѪڣȥѰ塣
ΪʲôҪ壿ҶͻȻ
ΪѰ壬Ҿû취ػشǧ档ҵɹĻһػش磬صǧһģΪֻԼʺԼġ
Ҷ˵ͷȻҴſһصİ˫
ĬƬ̣ȻܺãҪѪеѣǣҪ˫ӦûǱȽ׵ġңصڣ޼ɵĴ̼ﵽﵽɱ䣡
̼ҶЦЦ֪϶ʲô򵥵Ļ
ǻͷǳʺ̼ʱͻȻ㣬̼ļ֯
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷá
䣬һ˵ҡ
ڣҶǰǺ
ȷͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷȷ
ʹģǣʹҲҪΪʾʵңȻԣǶ澳ǿ˵ûʲôˡ
ر澳ǿߣԷѾȫ׵Ƶ
Ǻã
ʱͻȻת˲һɻֱӽҶɲǼ䣬Ҷ˫˲Բ

һ˺ѷεĲҽȻ쳹
ͬʱǺ佹ҲͻȻ𣬡ˣȻȫŪ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻ㲻˵


1794 ˫
ò˵Ҷ㱻ˡ
һʼûбǻ¶ȣֱӽҶճޣڹؼʱ̴߶ѪסѪףҪ׶༪ˡ
ʹѪףҲûס
УҶ̱ڵأ˿̵ȫѾˡ
۾һ𣬡磬ô档
Щ˼ˡǸ㻹԰ɣ
Ҷû𣿡
𣺡
һʱں޸£ҶָָҶ
ܿ죬ҶɫŤ
סĬھЩ㾭֮תʱҶ˺
ԣҶæȻպ˵
һһ¡
һǧνǷ˷츲صı仯˿̵ǧ棬˴ֻʣҡ
Ӯңңңؼң½ңѾǧʧ
ڵǧ棬ϵǿΪȫ̽ҵ硣ңȴȻ˵С
ڿݼңݼҵĿǰΪֹûһ㶯
ʱһһȥתһ¹ȥ
ںڣѾȥ˽ꡣ
УҶɱһŻšԱߣǺǱС档
ΣͻȻʡ
俴һҶȻ֮ᣬΪ
ô˵ʡ
ԭΪܲˣû뵽ӿʼڣӲˡһԼĹݣ
΢΢ͷȻСӵ츳˵ģĲرáǣһŶûеġǾǺݣ˺ݣԼݡ
˵츳ҪġʵȻںõ츳ûǿ־ʯ־նȻˡ෴ʹ츳ãǣŬϼֲи϶ԼݵˣһɾͿ϶ף
˵⣬ҶӾˣԵɳֵز
ĿԴɣ
һʱǰҶͻȻʼɢģҶ˳С
һӺҶ۾һ̣վȫﶼѾΪҽͷ˿Լ壬˿̣ƤѾ˹Żɫ
Ĭһ˲ҶĬھɲǼ䣬ȫͻȻ˵Ľɫâ
˫壡
Ŀޣڽ˵һءڵȫܹȥӲһ澳ǿߡȻⲻ޵С
ɽĺȹŮӣ;ԲӲġǺȹŮӣӮķʵҲǼǿġܵ˵һ澳ǿѾȫҪˡ
Ӳ
ʱǺ̶ֳ֮ȣȷʵѵá
ҶЦЦ֮ǰ̶ֳȣǿ˲֪ٵĥãȻôĥˡ
ĵƣ
СӣǸ㣬ϰⲻԺȥϽ磬ñǰʩչȻСӻ鷳ͻȻ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Ϊ֮䣬ϵرãͻȻӦ˵һֱܵӶԷ֪Ĺ鷳϶кܶġһӦò̫⣡
ҶЦЦȻ䣬Σлˡ
ҡҡͷлϾûбʲôѡ񡣡
棬ҶԸߣȻ޷ӳȥʵָ۷ҲӲȥһ̿ʼעˣ
滹кһҶһµ·Ȼ뿪˺
ʱӮң˿̣Ӧ˵ˡ
ҶջصʵͻȻǰĿռţһŮӳǰ˪
˪һҶȻֱǿˣ
ҶЦЦã
˪ɨһܣȻȴȥһط
Ҷ˵ͷ
ܿ죬뿪ϵ
½
˪ҶҵܲȻ˪ûջЩ磬ǣҲûռҵЩ磬ҹ»Ƿǳзִġ
˪δʲô
Ҷ˪˵ʲô
˪ɨһ·ȻңǸҵĽŲġһ뿪ʱûгµӵʵϵĶֻǴѣ
˵⣬ҡҡͷڵңҪϢҪǺһҵĹ͵չʮ꣬ʱʵضݼܱȵġ
Ҷ˵ͷ˼
˪վҪ뿪ģһ뿪ǿܾҵѿʼò˵Ҷ˪ЩġΪ˪ô磬˵ͷһ˿϶ģ
˪ЦЦ˵Щˡǻȥɣ
˵꣬һʧԭء
Ҷɨһ·ȻҲʧԭء
ųǡ
ҶصҺûʫŮʱЩԼļˡ
ʵǺ뽫ʫŮȫŪġǣջûѡôΪڣһȫġ
׼ȷ˵ǸΣգһ·ûһͣңʫŮںڵĻǻʱܵ顣
ʫŮÿ춼ĵģ
ҹ
ųǵĺɽҶɽ֮ϣԣڤŮ
˾ôվš
ãҶͻȻתͷڤŮһΣлˡ
֮ǰûڤŮŮĻҸ޷սʤӮҵҡ
ڤŮ΢΢ҡͷС¡
ҶЦЦȻˣ˵Ұæװɶæ
ڤŮĬãȻʵҲòš
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
ڤŮǵҪĿ˾ĵȥϽĻǾͻȥҪȥϽ磬ʵȻԣҪǱľǱľȥļҪĶࡣ
˵⣬˶٣ֵûȥϽ磬ǾͻǧѰǳҪȥϽġߴ
Ҷ˵ͷס
ʱڤŮʲôʱߣ
Ҷ룬ȻɡҪ鴦á
ڤŮ˵ͷã㣡
ҶҪ˵ʱ˪ͻȻ˳С
˪ɫأ鷳ˡ
ʲôҶʡ
˪㡭ɽ
ɽ
Ҷ˫΢У𡭡


1795 һϰ
ɽ
Ҷɽ֮е顣
ЩܹҵڤŮʡ
˪΢΢ҡͷʱӦòԣǣЩ˵ʵֻҪϻЩʱ䣬Ҫҵʲô¡
˵ţҶ׼ô㣿
ҶĬһ˲Ȼȥɽ
˪ȥɽȺȻɽһҪȥġǣҽ飬ȱһܣȻȹЩӺȥ
Ҷҡҡͷͻ鷳ֻȥɽЩˣŲҵ鷳
˪ĬãȻһȥ
Ҷ㻹ҰɣڵңҪһƶˡ
˪ҡҡͷڵңҪĲһƶˣϢδ·Ѿ滮ãֻҪҹ滮ȥͺáңеŮʫڣҲģ
˵⣬˶٣ȻҶ㲻ѵŮҲȥɣ
ȻҶҡҡͷ
ȥɽȥġŵŮˣһ⣬Ǿˡ
˪˵ͷʲôʱ
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼ󣡡
ʱҶʲôûʫŮ
Ҷ˪ڤŮ뿪˹ųǡ
ų⣬ſڴվһȺŮӣȺŮӣʫŮ
ʫǰѩ̧ͷʫףʲôʱ
ʫͷѩһĨɫѩСԴȻѩһЩ󣬵ͻˡ
ѩգգۣ𣿡
ʫ˵ͷģ
ѩСһģҪ쳤󣡡˵ţԵգСŮһһسųȥ
ϵʱʫԵϦͻȻ
ʫãȻ˵СŮȥ󣬾ͰǱﻹԭˣȴǶȻǻϵӡ
Ϧ΢΢ҡҡͷûô򵥵ġ
ʫĬϢȻҲã

ʱҶǰɽϢǴ˿׼ȷ˵ǣҶˡҶȥķ򣬾ɽķ򡣵õϢЩɽǿ̳Ҷ׷˹ȥ
ããǿ֮УҶ˼ǰС
Ƕɽ·ϣҶʡ
ڤŮ˵ͷ
ôҶʡ
ڤŮҪͻƣж㲻뿪
ͻƣ澳ΣҶ
ڤŮ΢΢ҡͷͻƾ磬ʣѾڽ仯һεı仯˵Ҫ

ҶĬڤĴ㣬ҲŮȻ𡣿ϧԷȫ
ʱǰǽŮͻȻͣ
˿˽Ů
ôˣҶʡ
ŮɨһܣȻǽһˡ
󷨣
˽һ㶣Ȼɨһܣȴʲôû֡
ʱŮͻȻǰһ㣬һ㣬ֱõ÷ԲɵĿռһţһĻˡ˵⣬һɫߣЩͬһΣǣպεм䡣
ˣ
е⣡
ʱһͻȻڳ𡣺ܿ죬˲ԶͻȻһϸϸղϣƣɢһŻϢ
澳ǿߣ
ϸĿǽŮϣû뵽ҵĽ󷨾Ȼһ澳һεСŮ޸ˡ⣡
ɽʱ˪ͻȻʡ
ϸ˵ͷȻҶҶɣ
Ҷ˵ͷң
ϸһҶȻȷʵһλҲ˵ЩʲôľԼԼã
ҶɨһܣȻһ
ϸô
ҶЦЦֻһ˰˵⣬ɫͻȻһҲ
䣬ҽ͵һ档
ˣ
һͻȻڳ쳹𣬽ţ
Զϸ˫΢У˸ɭɱ⣬ȻҶٶˡ
һ̣һǿͻȻϸϯǿֱӽҶͣǣһ̣ҶŽ͵һ
ͣ
ǹֱӱҶһһΪǣϸȴѾʧԭأˣҶһˡ
һգҶѸٷһն¡
䣡
һըҶֱӱ˰ɿ⡣
ҶԶϸ˿Լƣϣһ۵ѪۡĬһ˲̧ͷԶҶѹ߶УȷʵЩ¡ҿɲʲôߣҡ
ʱϸȻֹ
ΪҶѾǰ
ϸһĨֳǰһ̽ȻͻȻһɲǼ䣬ҶоתʱҶɫͻȻ䣬һ̣ͻȻһĽ⡣
ֺ
ͣ
һ̶иͻȻڳ𣬽ţҶֱӱɿ⡣
Ҷͣ˺ԼĺһǳǳѪӡ
һ̣ҶжһĨء
ղһ˲ʩչ˰˫ĻԴܶԷˡ
ϸʵǿ
ԶϸҶʱжһ˿أû뵽Ȼǿ̶ֳȡҵҪܹסҼΣ
䣬ͻȻһٴγʱѾҶǰת˲һ㺮âֱҶü䡣
ҶɲԼȥӲҽһ˳Ʈʮɵľ룬һ̣ȴԾһն¡
䣡
ҶǰĿռֱӱҶһն飬ɲǼ䣬һƬռڶ֮Сռڶڣݺύһը
ϸʵҪǿġ
¡¡
ʱһƬռڶͻȻҲһ쳹
Աߣ˪Ůжһ˿ǡ
ȻǶ֪ҶʵѾʾ࣬ǣǰλɽϹԷʵǿɲһ澳ǿܹȵġ
䣡
ʱԶͻȻһţӰƬռڶ֮з˳
˷ɳһƬռڶʱָ
ܿ죬ҶϸŮС
˿̣ҶǴѪǣҲ˿ڡϸͬˡ
ϸɫޱȵѿԭΪԼܹٻɱҶǣû뵽ҶȻսһ൱
ȥ
ͷϸУΪҪҶĿɲֹΪķԲҵҶöã˿϶ҲҵҶʱ͸鷳ˡ
Ĭһ˲ϸͻȻһӣɲǼ䣬һͷͻȻԣͷĿ״ʨȫɢһ˵Ŀ
ɱϸ£ͷֱӳҶ˹ȥ䱾Ҳǽ˹ȥ
Զ٣
Ҷ㶣ȻһԵ˪ŮŸʲôһϰ
Ů


1796 ѽң
һϣ
ԭҶϸġΪ뿴Լʵû뵽ϸȻˡ
ԷȻа֣
£ȻȥԷˡ
ȺŹ
ҶѡȺŹ
ҶĻʱ˪Ů㶣ȻŮһۣһ̣Ů֡
˪Ů֣ϸǷһĨһȺ澳һεϣȻҲҶԱ֣ǲ֪
䣬һӣһǿ˪Ůϯȥ
һɫգֱӺǹϢ֮ϡ
䣡
ǹϢֱӺȻɢ
ܿ죬Ůϸǰ
һ֣ϸɫǱˡ
أޱȵأ
ԭΪҶţӦǷǳǳٵģȻʵ٣ܶࡣǰЩŮ˶ǣ
߸һ֣ϸֻصޱֱӱѹơ
ûл֮
ŮҶ£ϸûл֮
ϸԽսԽľҶ˾㵵Ŀ֮УϸȻֱͷ֮ϣȻһڹʧʣ
ˣ
˽סû뵽ϸȻˣ
Ϣ˪һˣӣֻ·һ
ϸȻ澳Σһһ澳ΣǣЩ˿ǸܹԽսġ˵֣Ҷֱһ˶ϸԿˡ
ʱڤŮͻȻˣôҪġҪĵߣйߣرǹߣˣԳǡ
߹ߣ
Ҷ뵽˽̫ǺȹŮӡǽ̫׾ߣʵͲ˵ˡһ澳ǿǰ
ǺȹŮӣѾ̹ˡǶ̹ˡ
ʹ棬ǿҪԷһˡԷʵ۷ʱڣ
ʱڤŮֵɽϹЩϹǵΨһĿģǳɽĽ磬ǧ棬ȥ׷ѰߵĽ磬һܹġǣľĽȴŷǳɱԣЩǲľģ
ҶڤŮ˵ʲô
ڤŮֱҶһȥɽΣա
ȻأҶЦ
ڤŮãҲ㲻ӦʱȥΪȥԻΪɽĽ㣬ʱ˶ᶢ㣬鷳Ļ޾ġ
ҶҡҡͷЩ飬ӱûõġȥǻñķҳ磬ǵ鷳ҵ鷳ҵ鷳ǻҸйϵ˵鷳Ȼ£ҷ˱ȻˣȥɽΪ
ʱ˪˵ͷʵ˵ҲûȻѾ޷⣬ǾȥԡôǶҡʹǹ߳Ҳһս֮
Ҷһ˪Цò˵Һܸж˵⣬˶٣ȻֵҾһȥɽ
ôǻȣһԵŮõ
Ҷҡҡͷ˼룬һɽЩ֪ǻôǿ϶Ҳӡ룬ǲͬʱʮλ澳ǿ߰ɣ
˪΢΢ü˼Ƿֿ
Ҷ˵ͷʵһ˵Ļ˵ģֻҪӣλ澳εǿ߶κβҡңɱԣҾǷֿȻɽϡȻʱҪһϵǵģǣǰĻҲҵһƣ
ǽޣһ̿͡
ɴ̿ʱǾĶֵجΡΪڵٶȣһ澳ǿ߸Ķ֡˪ŮһͲһ̿ͣ
ԣһˣ
УĬú˪˵ͷ˵Ҳ޵Ѿȷˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȷ
˪ǺãǷֿߣɽϡ
ҶŮһۣĿ˰ϾϣǻǸң
ϾĬһ˲Ȼǣ
ΪʲôҶЩ죬ԭΪϾġ
ϾһҶȻ̽һ
Ҷ룬Ȼãɽ
Ͼ˵ͷСһ㣡
ҶЦȻ˵ţһڤŮˣλɽ
䣬һֱʧԭء
Ϣ⣬һ
ǣʱڤŮͻȻ
Ů˵ͷ
ǶܹԽսǣɽЩϹ˵ЩġҶǣʣǻҶΪɽĽ㡣
ʱϹǡ
ڵʵǾԳܲɽЩϹԵġ˵Щߣ
°ɣŮ
ϾҡҡͷӲأ
˪˵ͷҲôã
ڤŮ΢΢ͷ߰ɣȥɽ
䣬Ůһʧԭء

֮⣬ҶڤŮŮֿһ·Уû٣ΪҪˣҶǵһˡ׼ȷ˵ǣҪɽЩ˵ĿⶼϣȥڤŮŮ鷳
ܿ죬ҶͣΪǰһն̵ߡ
ɽģҶ
ߵ˵ͷľ
ľү
ҶͻȻߵĻһֱ̣˴ߵǰţüλóһ㺮⡣
ͫ΢΢һȻû뵽ҶֱӶ֣û뵽ҶĽ˵Ŀ죡ãҶĽȻ˵Ŀ죬ǻû쵽޷ֿĵز
ڽҪüʱҶͻȻоһɾеĽ֮ϡ

һ̶ҶֱӳϿˣһˣҶɫȻһ䣬ΪһѾü䲻λã
룬ҶǿвһõǱնʱҶеĽ͵һɨȻһȴǸɨˡ
ʱѾڰɿ⣡
ԶߴһҶȻսʶ뷴Ӧ
ҶҲ
Уһۣһ̣ͬʱʧԭء
䣡
һͻȻڳ쳹ת˲ƬǿͻȻҲһ뽣ֱӽеĿռ˺ѳһƬһƬ
ӺҶͻȻͣ
ҶǷһĨһҪٴγ֣ʱĿռͻȻţǿϢͻȻ˳Уܿ죬߳˳С
澳Σ
߶澳Σ
һۣ˿ԶҶʱҶͻȻָֽǳֵߣŭҵľңȻǲݣ
ֵߣ


1797 ˭ҪҾŪ˭
ҶĻһԵĿʱתǳֵߡ
Ŀⲻƣ
ʱǳֵ߳Сӣ㲻ҪϷףҡ
ʱҶͻȻһ⳯ǳֵ߱ȥ
ֵɫһһתɲǼ䣬籩һ㽫Ҷû
䣡
һըҶֱӱЩ䵽ǧɿ⡣
һĻԭҪֵĳֵ߶ʱסˡΪҶôİ
ۣ
ʱԶҶͻȻھѪɫĲ԰ףһһģ
ǳֵߴʱȫЩ¡
Ҷʵİ
Ҷڸʲô
ʱԶҶͻȻĨĨǵѪȻὣ֮ձذٱ౨
䣬תһֱӻһʧʡ
ֵ㶣Ȼŭӣ
˵ţҪ֣ʱһԵͻȻǰ
ųֵߣ
ڻߵұߣ׷Ȼû˵Ϣȴֱס˳ֵߡ
ֵ߳ϣ
߿ųֵߣû˵ȴдŲš
ֵɫһСӵıǽϣ׷üȻСһǸҲ
ߵȥ׷Ȼӣ𣿡
ֵ߿һۣϷ˵һ飬ǽϷϣ
ЦҶԲĶ֣ʵȫ׾ٵĶĽߣǽϣ֮ǰôľ£ϷҲ˵һ飬ľҶ˿ȥȻգɣ
ʱ˿̣׸ղҶΪαֵôһˡ
Էڸģ
ֵ߳ĬϢȻãǣ
䣬ͻȻһĨһ̣˫еĳ͵سǰһɨ
һǿĵ䳤ֶ֮ӵһ̣һɫ΢䡣
һ̡
䣡
һɿֲͻȻڳбֱӱسɡʱǳֵѾڳС
׷
£ֱʧԭء
ʧúһϢ˳Сӣ֮ǰȥҶ
֮ǰʧĵطҶǷһĨЦݡ
ʱɫͻȻһ䣬ΪǰƾճһŮӡŮӣֵĺס
ŮʶɽλȹŮӡ
ƺܵ⣿ȹŮӵ
Ҷ˽еĽȻôҵҵģ
ȹŮ˵ʱԶҶͻȻٽһնһѩڳһ
ȹŮһһâһâ˲佫Ҷǵ˺ѿʱҶѾڳС
ȹŮ̧ͷһԶһֱ̣ʧԭء
֮⣬ԭеҶͻȻͣΪǰԶһˡ
ˣǺȹŮӣ
ȹŮӿһҶȻԼӿ
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼ˵ɣʲô顣ҪǾͱ˵ˣֱӶְɣ
ȹŮӵ㻹ǲףڵʵסǱǱͲ鷳𣿡
ҶЦЦȻ֪ǣû취ҶšҵģЩҪȻҾ͵øǣƾʲôһ˵ҰѽǣǣԺҪҵıĶأѵҪǣ˵ҪҵأǲҲҪѲȥȻǿ
˵⣬ҶҡҡͷȻֵҵĶҵġ˭ҪҾŪ˭
ȹŮӿҶúȻƢ
Ҷǹߣ룬ԼʵӦǲҪľǽɣ
ȹŮֱҶǽ磬ǵһЩǿʿ̶ֲȣ󡣵Ȼ˵ѶȲ̫󡣵ǣɽµģ硣Ҳڽϻ̫
µĲ磿
ҶüɽʲôµĶò˵ЩˡȹŮӵʵֲûˡȻû뵽ɽȻȹŮӼɵĶ
ȹŮתԶɽķ򡣳ĬãԺͻ֪ˡ
ҶߣŮˣȻθڣ
ʱȹŮתɽڻʣ²£ʱ˶ӦѾǰɽǧǿߡ㣬㽫˵ĵˡԭ֪ġԣĲ
ҶֱӺȹŮӣ
ȹŮ΢΢ͷףˡ
ô㲻Ҷ
ȹŮӿһҶɽ䣬תʧԭء
ԭأҶĬдһ˿ɻȹŮе㲻
Ĭãҡҡͷջ˼Ȼʧԭء

ǧ棬˵е㲻Ϊǿȫڳһطȥ
طɽ
֮⣬ǿҲڴҶ䡣
бϽǽ硣˵ǽƽ硣ڣҶС
Ҷ
˶Ҷ
ʱҶҲڳɽȥò˵Ҷе֪ɽлȴƫɽС
˵Ҳûа취顣
ȥɽЩɽϹض蹷һѰңȻһпõȻֱȥɽȻЩһ׵˽ᡣ
ҪЩˣҶɽˡǶˣ

ҶͻȻͣΪǿ֮Уһ޵ǿѹѹõܵһɳظС
Ĭһ˲Ҷͷų⾳⾳ֺо΢һЩȻǰȻδ߶ãٴͣΪǹѹȻԽԽأ˿̣Щˡ
ҶһһŵͼС
ŵͼڤŮǰɽ·ͼһᣬҶ̧ͷԶѹ֣쵽ɽˣ
ĬϢһǿ֮м׹£һᣬ˵档
⻰ʱǿ֮зˡΪĿ̫ˣ
ȻɽˣɲһҪϹＶǿߡ
һɽҪΪġ
ҶɨһܣܣһƬụ̂͸һɻ
óͼһۣȻǰ
˿̣Ѿ˺ۣĿģȻǲ뱻ϳ
˴ԼһʱҶͻȻͣͻһâֱλá
Ҷɫһһȭ
䣡
һһӰռǰ˳
ҶҪ֣Էʱʱסˡ
㣡
Ҷ֮дһ˿ȡ


1798 ͳ֮
ҶǰһŮӡ
ŮҶʶڵǳ
Ҷû뵽ԼԷû뵽ԷͻȻ֡
ԶǳһҶǺˣ
ҶѾı䣬ˣ֪ǰλҶ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻΪζҳ֣
ǳ㷸ˣ
أҶüͷʲôأ
һǳʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ǳһҶȻ˵ԭԭ֮󣬾ɽɽΣޱȣЩϹＶǿߣ˸޷档ԣ⡮ԭЩʵ˵֮ء
˵⣬ǳ˶٣ֵһƬڵĵط̤ڵĵˡ
Ҷ̧ͷȥԶտҲǺܿ죬ԶĿռЩ졣
󷨣
һ󷨸ǣֻѿ
ʶңʱǳͻȻ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻҲˣ
ǳ㾿˭
ҶҡҡͷȻתĵطȥ
ڣȻûкøеģӦ˵šŵ飬ûǡкĻѾûҶˡ
Ҳ֪ڲҶԷ鷳ʱ
ܿ죬ҶʧǳС
ʱһ߳ǳԣǺˣ
ǳ΢΢ҡͷʶԷһϤС
߳ԶһۣȻ˵Сĵ㡣
ǳ˵ͷ뵽ʲôߣƳϣҪȥϽ磿
ߵ˵ͷڵʵѾﵽƿֻȥϽ磬ܹͻԼԣǾԣ
˵⣬ǳѾͷ֮ԽǴϣǼʶһǿߡͬʱҲĥĥǣΪڵδУ
ǳĬƬ̣ȻƳϣҶڷʲô
ҡҡͷֻ֪
ǳ˵ͷû˵ʲô
߰ɣ˵꣬תʧԭء
ǳ̧ͷ֮ǰҶʧĵطһۣȻҲתʧԭء

ҶûȥɽѰһյأȻ

ڶ˵֮Ǿʵ
ڵһģ˶ҧһڡһ¶֪˻һ㣬ǾǣҲҪȥϽġ
Сߵ飬Ǵδǣ
С߻ؼң
ΪԵʣȻûȥ磬ȥ˴磬鷳϶ڻҪ࣬Ҫֲ
Ϊߵһ̿ʼѾעһ޷ƽˡ
ǿ

ҶҪǾ磬ֻ澳һΣ澳һζ˵Щġرǿ߽ʱʱ̶Ҫݽߡ
ȻҲǿǣûʵҪܴۿ۵ģ
磬ǷǳѵģرǴﵽ澳ԺΪǶǳǳĴ󣬶ңһϵ֮ûֻؾϵǿߣΪûиõ
ǧҪȥǧ棬ȥ׷Ѱõ⣬иҪԭǾ׷Ѱõ
һ澳ǿߣԷҪͻƣѣҪܶʱ䡣ǣҶ˵ҪͻƣǺѡΪ㹻ȻСǿ顣
һ㣬Ǿ㹻ã
룬ʵҪȥϽ磬һǧͻƵ澳ϵģ
ȻⲻǶʱܹģ
УҶС׽˹С׵֪ҶҪʱ۾ʱ֮У˷֮ɫת˲гʵʵЩҡ
ڵҶСգգۣȻҶļϣţֻСצѧҶһԼλãţС΢ţʼЩ

ҲҪ
ҶС׿ʼ˷
һ㡣
ͻȻǰ̧ͷһۺ䣬û˵
ʱͻȻ棬⼸췢һ⡣˵ΪλѡСĴˣ
üͷ΢壬ʲô˼
λıʹѾҪǣӦҲǴǼλ״ӵġȻûСǽСӡ㲻ù𣿡
ŮģֻԵɺϣСС

ߵСӲ⣬СӵõˡСӵõİȻλϿСӡȻˣλΪʲôҪһôļһˣ
Ĭˡ
ʱֵܾãλСˣʲôıֻǣ֪ı壬塣
˵⣬˶٣ֵҾã̫塣
ô˵ʡ
ˡλĵ˭
ԣ˫΢˵ʲô
ͳ֮
ԣɫ
ʱֵԷĿĻСӵ鷳ɴȥˡҪ֪ǼλȻһ㲻μ֮ǣһ̲סҪʼͳ̫֮ˡ
˵⣬ҡҡͷҲСˣȻһôĶ֪
ĬúȻȻֻĲ²⣬ǡ˵Ҳ޵ֻǣλΪʲôҪѡһĴ֮УСʵǿģģȥˡ
룬ȻûСӾǸӡʺƹ򣬶ҲҴƹ򡣡
΢΢ͷ⵹ǡʵ㷢ûСҲһ˰
̧ͷ棬㷢ˣ
˵ͷǰֻЩɻΪҾ½粻͵ˣǣǰãȷˡ˵⣬ҡҡͷԽԽˡ
ȷʵԽԽˡԺкδ㣿Сӡ
ҡҡͷûС˲ٲα塣
˵ͷȻһʼŪദһȷʵǸˡϵ̫̫ˡǺȹŮ֮ԲҶĽⱦΪԷҽЩʵ˵ԷңҶҡ
濴һۺ䣬ѾˡСǹˣ״̬ȻضգʱһӶȥˡ
ҡҡͷӵԴżˣȻԼ˽
˵ʱͻ
侪㵵Ŀ֮УеĿռͻȻŤͬʱ˷֣еĿռͻȻҲ
ת˲˫ͬʱԲУ֮ɫ
һϢ˹ˣ


1799 
֮㣬ΪǷ֣еˡ
ǵģˣ
ʱĳУֻʣ¿û
ֻһ˲䣬һȫˡ
СһڵʱͻȻ
Ȼ˵ǸСһ˭СһǸƤСס
С
ʱҶԵСţšÿһһɰɫû֮С
֮⣬ʱС֮ǰѾһ岻֮ǰһȦȫ»޵⡣
ΪСŪĶҶѾ˹
ǰСףҶг˺棬֪ʱС׿϶ڷʲô仯˵СҪˡ
ԼһʱҶע£С׻۾
Ҷһ̣ʱһЦȻһͷҶĻ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻС׵СԴСһǲǽˣ
С̧ͷҶ۾գѽգе㲻̫Ҷ˼
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬡ǽǽˣ
ҶתͷȥֻһŮӳԶŮӣС졣
СߵҶԣȻС׵СԴˡڵֲܿ
ֲܿҶôֲ
СЦһһС
Ҷ㶣ȻһСĿԣ
С˵ͷȻû𣿵һѾСһˡ
ԣҶæ۸һ£ܿ죬۾Сף֮ɫ
Ϊ֣һѾĸɸɾ
ʱСֵСһһ࣬ȻĿԺʲôҲ֣СһȥһֱӰѶԷĸɸɾȻǰǶԷûǿ󷨱
˵⣬С׵СԴЦ³ȻС½Ҫˡ
СһЦȻſС죬ɲǼ䣬һɼŨİɫӿ˳ɲǼ䣬֮³
ܿ죬С½ָ
УҶǰСף˷֮ɫСףһʵ˵һ·С׵İæΪСԴԴϸṩĻ޷ɳô졣
Ҫ֪ÿһγ̾磬ǶǷǳġΪС״ڣõҲΪܹ˵Ŀ죡
ϧǣһΣûдﵽ澳Σ
ҪԭȻΪСףСֳĶ
ʱСͻȻҿܲҪϵָܹˡ
ҶС죬Ϊʲô
СЦΪҷһ㣬ĺÿЩָܹҵܹҳɳ
ҲܽҶʡ
ϻ
С췭˷ۣ㲻һܹ𣿡
ҶڨЦЦʱСֵǣһϵ
ҶߵСԣȻҴӦ㣬һ죬һϵңҲϵֻǣӦ֪ǻϵĻǶϵ˵ѣ
˶鷳ϵЩһȥϵʣϵҪʧ˵ϵڶһء
С˵ͷס
Ҷңһ첻̫
СһҶɲһŲ̫죬˭֪պɳʲô̶ȣҪ֪һˣʵԽǿܾԽ࣬ԣδܳһʱܶкܴ鷳¡
ҶЦǣҳһҪϵģ
С΢΢ͷҵ㣡
СһСС뿪ˡȻС׻Ҷ棬Сע£ǹԹԸСˡСµˣһҶһС졣
׼ȷ˵ֻҶСܹԹرС죬Сͬһ磬С磬ˣСĹϵеõĹϵ
СС뿪Ҷ

̾磬ѹȻȥЩһΣΣﵽĿǰļޣﵽ֮󣬾ͻƣ
ԣǳҶ˵ȱľ
ң̾磬ҲΣյģΪһŪãչȣǿֱӻű塣ǸȣһҪѿغáʹҶҲҴ⡣
ƣƣǴƣǾеˡ
Ͼ˵໹Ǻܴġ
ʱһһȥҶÿľǲȻѹЩ̼Ǳܡ
ܶʼ
º
ĳһ죬еҶͻȻ۾

һҶ˳ܿ죬Ҷվվһ̣һǿϢʱϯڵĿռʱϢصһˡ
ܿ죬Ϣ־ӿڣ
澳Σ
µĿޣڴﵽ澳Σ
ﵽ澳κʵ࣬ߣҪսôࡣ
Ҹ
Ҷڵ뷨ܿ죬뵽档
ûԥҶ˵һҵ档
Ҷ飬Ҳûзԡ
棬Ҷֳֳǰ㣬ֻŵ˵档
һ˲ͻȻҶʧԭءͬʱһѩڳһ
һԣǺһĨ죬ٿ
ԶҶʧһ̣һĨɫһ̣צ͵سǰһġ
䣡
һըͻȻڳ쳹汻һسɣҶҲ˰ɿ⡣
𣡡
ʱͻȻһŭһֱ̣һԾһɽһ㳯Ҷݺײ˹ȥ
֮ռֱŤ
һײǿٶȻ죬ҶûзӦѾǰ
ҶҴ⣬ҽ͵һ棬ڿհɣת˲Ž·͵ؾһ
ͣ
һֱӽΧĿռѿ
Ϊһӳ⾳棬ɲұһȻܾûˣǣһ㶼ӣǰǶԷ
ҶһΧĿռѺһصͻȻ˳УţǱѵĿռֱӱ޸ˡ
ʱҶĽݺݵײһ
ķʽײһ
䣡
ͻȻһըת˲Ҷֱӷ˿
˿̣һһɣ
УҶһۣһ̣еüͷͬʱ
ȥ
Ҷû˵ֱӻصʵУȻ̧ͷԶɽķ򣬲֪ʲôҶɫ˲
ã˹Ǿ֮ɫʲô⡭
Сӣһ㣬ȻҪˣ
ʱҶ潹
Ҷ


1800 
ò˵ʱҶЩ¡
Ļ˺ڡ
Ȼ˺ǿԸܵһС
ڳرͷһɽɽӵֱʣʹҶߣҲɽɽ
ɽǳнǧǧɽ
˿̣ɽϣһͷ޴ޱȵĺɫ֮ȫҶ󣬹ͷһɽô
ͷɫҶΪֹ
ɽ֮ϣҶλÿȥɼһ޴βɽľͷ
ɽɫ䳯ɨɨ֮˲
˿̣ɽؾš
ϢɫüͷͻȻһĨɻ֮ɫ
ܿ죬ĿֳһһɨһΣɨĺѰʲô
Ϣ󣬺ɫüͷĸˡûãҡҡͷȻɽɽȥһᣬǳʧ˵С

һ̣ɽظ䲻Լͬһ
ڡ
Ǽһ㣡俴ǰҶ
Ҷ˵ȴͻȻ棬Ǽһôһ
濴һۺ䣬֪ô𣿡
ҡҡͷ֪˵Ƿʲô
ֹǴ
ǼֱΪ¹͵ĻԴͱˡ
ʲôЩ
ҡҡͷҲǸɵģȻŮȥ͵λ
㶣Ȼλԭ˰ɣ
ߣ
˵ͷ

ҡҡͷʰ
ûӣ
浭֪𣿴²ǲ㺦Ů˵ĲԴն˸飬ʬܶˣ
λ׷
ҡҡͷô׷ѵ֣ȻǲܵģңλҲͦϲСѾͷƬӵģԣ¾ôȥˡ
λСѾͷƬӣС𣿡ʱҶͻȻʡ
˵ͷһħͷ
Ҷ
ʱֵȻλ׷ôܲ׷¿ǲΪȻûնɱɵǣ⡣ԣɽ
⣬Ҷˡ
ղͷһ϶СʶСߵܹ֮õҲΪǴһİȻСˡǴһˡ
ʱ뵽ʲôֵԣߵʵ֮ǿղǸһҲܴϵõɣ
ҡҡͷǱ߲ûзϣǷĵ¥֮ССŮޣȥĵ¥档֪ôСŮƵģȻ֮ϢϢȻ˵¥㡭֮ûİѾͷǾԲܵõⱦġ
Ҷղ˵ʲô
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵڣֻһ취ԻýѣǾҵСߡΪֻСߣ飡
ԣҶ۾һС߾ﰡҴСȥȻҺɨɽЩϲģ
˵ţҶҪ뿪ʱͻȻȥɣ
Ҷת棬ʲô˼
СӣҪһ㣬ڵСߣǻԵġȥҪΪСߵĻɵģʱô죿رСҿóԻΪɱ˶ᱦˡ
Ҷ
ֵߣ֮ĲޣУ⣬ʱ˭Ȳ㡣ⲻڿ㣬Ӧ֪ⱦ̶ȣ˵ǧ棬ûκһ˲õԣСûʱñȥ෴Զ㣡
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷ˵û֮ĲޡһͷʮġȻûԷսǣֱͷĶ֡
ȫһģ
Ȼеˣʵˣ
ʱҶ棬ϵô
ͱָˣ
浭ΪҸ졣
Ҷ
Сӣղ϶ŵʲôϢԲŻԣԼСĵ㡣
ҶܸܵڵС߰ɣ
ҡҡͷû´ӦϸܵСߵϢϾС߽ӴԣڳȥбҪһԼϢ
Ҷ˵ͷã
Ҷû뿪滹кһᡣУҶ˽һЩڴ顣ʵ߾ʲôʱ˶ˡ
ҶЩƣ
һʱҶҪ뿪ʱ뵽ʲôǺ䣬ǰľӡģܽ𣿡ľڷӡ״̬˵ǿ⣬Ƿǳֲġ
΢΢ҡͷñ⣡
ΪΣҶ⡣
Ϊ̫֮ǿʱ㣬޷ʹ𣿡
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵ʲô£뿪˺
УҶɨһܣȻɽķڵλɽǷǳԶģǣܹɽΪɽʵ̫̫ˡ
ɽľͷǴǧ棡
ҲҪȥǧģ
ĬãҶһҪ뿪ʱͻȻұߣ֪ʲôǽһĨȣû뵽Ҳˣ
䣬һֱʧԭء
֮⣬ռС
ߣǵӮߵ澳ǿߡ
ӮƣӮ汾廹ǧ棬Ϊα岻֣֣ҪɱҶˣǵָ飿ӮԵһͻȻ
ӮҡҡͷӮ϶Ѵ
ӮԵ߳˵ҶҲɽˡ
Ӯһģһ¶棬޵г֣Ȳ
ӮԵҡҡͷʱӮӮΪһ˽ӮŪزˣӮǧˣ
Ӯû˵УҲ޳ԡ
Ӯ֮ԻҪԭӮľߣӮѡҶΪУӮܹɱҶǻûʲôǣӮ޷ɱҶ
ĬϢӮҡҡͷˣ˵档ٶȼӿ죬ȥʥǡ˵⣬֮ͻȻɭɱ⣬ѾȥҶЩŮӣһڤ˿̣Ǿɽɽµʥǡ
ӮԵ߳ЩŮӣȻֻ澳һΣǣǸʵ죬Ƕˣ޷ǣ
ӮЦһΣǱɡ
Ϊʲôʡ
ӮƵΪǸҶйϵɽҶйϵģЩϹҪԸĶΪֻжǳ֣пܱҶ˵ʥѾ󣬽˳Сڵʥǣֻܽܳ
˵⣬ӮɫЩŮˣҶ˪޷ӮҡգҪϷҶܣã
ʱͻȻͣΪǰԶһӡ
˭ӮƳ
ӵ
Ӯƣ


1801 ȭͷУҪ
ӣȻҶ
֮ǰӮʱҶû˿ԥ̾͸˹
ӮҵˣȻǲŹġ
˵Ӯҵˣһ󻼣ΪЩˣȻǣպ϶Ըҵġֻǵʱ˪ҲӮ˵䣬Բʱգ
û뵽ȻӮҵˡ
ȻȻҪɵģ
귢Ĺģ
ңնݾ͵ó
οǰλҪȥڤŮŮ鷳
УҶĻӮɫӮС飬㡭
ʱԶҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾӮƵǰת˲͵һȭӮƺ˹ȥ
Ц
ӮǷһĨһӣһǿк
Ӯ֮ԼΪѾˡǰλӣ澳ǿߡ
ˣ˵ֱֵһᣡ
ûӣʹ߳ɵϾɽȱľ
Ӯƻֵһ̣ҶͻȻͣת˲һľС
ľʱӮ˲ëȻ
Ҷ
һ̣ͬʱ뵽֣
ӮƷӦ죬Ҷֽһ̣ûжֱӾҪ뿪ԭأȻʱҶٶһͻȻʮ
Ų
ӮˣȻѡȥƣȻԷսٻغϡǺ壬û壬޴Ҫ֪˷ʱ䣬ױ¶һ¶Ҫǿɾˣ
ңҪȥʲôʥǣ
һ˵Ҷļޣ
ּӮôˣӮƻδӦҶĽüһ
ͣ
ѪӮü伤
䣡
һ澳ǿߣֱӱҶһɱ
һԣ߸ûйӮƣֱһԶȥ
ʱҶҽͻȻ͵һգɲǼ䣬˴ʧԭء
ӳ˴Ųһɲǣ
һɲǣٶȾͼ죬ּӳ˴ŲٶѾ쵽ȫܹв澳ǿߡҪ֪һӮûеס
Ҷʧһ̣֮⡣
ͣ
һͻȻߵü˳뽣һģһѪ
峹׽Ӳ
ת˲ɢҶߵǰȻһ֣˾Ͳ㵹ȥ
ģ
һɲǶľͼ󣬶ּϴŲģֱÿֲݡڴﵽ澳ΣҲֻǿʩչΣ
ʱ˿̣ȫޣƣ˼㡣ڵһ򲻹
һºҶæóʯ£ʯ壬ʱЩ˲䱻գһ˿˿ҶڣЩʱ˲Ǳˣ
ں£Ļָٶȣֱÿֲݡ
һʱҶ۾
˿̣Ѿȫָ
Ҷǰʬ壬Ĭһ˲һУʬʱյ˺УͬʱҲ˺ڡ
Уǰʬ壬Ҷڽϯ˲佫ʬ
ƿܣ
ܣѾܾûˡΪһϣڣǰ澳ǿߣܹƳɿܣǷǳаġ
ҲûаܹƳɿܣϾ˵ʵ澳Σ
ãڵĽǡ
Ȼˣһʼʧܸˡûз
һһʧܺڣڵһϣҶڳɹһʬƳ˿ܡЩʧǣ߿ܵս޷澳ǿȡ
ҲϾ
һһʬҲ˿ܡ
ʬ嶼ƳɿܺҶ뿪˺ȻʲôʥǸȥ
ʥǡ
ʥλɽɽ£ɽĴ֮һ
˿̵ʥϿգһĹĻĻʥǡ
ĻǶһ澳ǿ߶ֺ
ʥǳſڴʱĴǰһɫС
ɽɳ
У¥
ʱ¥ܣۼٶˣЩˣͶ澳ǿߣȻЩ澳ǿߣǣǵսǾԿ澳ǿ߿ġ
ЩˣлһЩǿߣЩ˲ûг档
Щ֮Χ¥ΪڤŮŮ¥С
ȻҪԭΪҶ
˶֪ҶѾɽǣҶǲʹЩܣҲ޷ѰҶʱͻȻϢ˵ڤŮŮҶϵ
ϾڤŮŮȥҶʱûݣֻҪһͿԲġ
֮û֣Ϊ¥ǰѾľʬ壬ľʬ壬ȫ澳εǿߡ
¥еЩŮˣǼˣ
ʱһͻȻߵ¥ǰʱһŮƾճߵǰŮӣڤŮ
ߴһڤŮȻλҵȶλﲢûʲô⣬˷ΧڴˣֻΪҶֻҪλҶ͸¶ҵȥ
ڤŮɨһۺߵˣȻ֪
ڤŮĻɫʱ
ʱߵλϷ֪Ȼ澳һΣǣʵȴѾܹ澳ǿ߿⡣ǣÿڳж澳ǿߡ
ڤŮҡҡͷȷʵ֪䣡
˫΢УҪɽǿΪУ
ڤŮɫһ˵ˣ֪ǲ֪
߿ڤŮãȻתˣλҲˣ⼸λܽҶ͸¶ԣҽ飬֣֮󣬻ǲԹ
ߵĻ뿴ڤŮ
һĻǶʱһĨЦݣڤŮһλᣬ˵ǲ˵
ڤŮ߰ΣȻתͷ¥󣬡㣬ô
һ̣һâͻȻڳһ
âʱڤŮɫʱ䣬͵سǰһģһɿֲϯ
Ȼ
ͣ
ǹɺâֱӽߵ飬ת˲
䣡
˵Ŀ֮Уֱӵ˳ȥһɣǧɣ
ʱһɴ̱ǵѪζͻȻ˳УͬʱڤŮԣһѪŮӡ
ѪŮӣѪŮ
ڤ㣡
ѪŮɨһܣгҶûУȭͷУҪ𣿡
ʱһɫͻȻԶϮգۼѪŮǰ
䣡
һըѪŮֱӱɿ⣡
һĻڤŮɫ˲
Ǻǣ
ʱһЦͻȻڳ𣬡Ҷǲ֣Ҿͽ·ˣȻڳǽ⡣
У˿Դʱжʱ˾Ȼû뵽Ǳľˣ


1802 ɱѵأ
ڲԶһӡ
һϮĻۣ磬ɢһ޵ĺɫ
ҹħ
УͻȻ
ԣɫʱˡ
ҹħ
֣ɽ˵Ǻġ֮Ϊһ֮նɱ澳εǿߵΧңնɱ
һսҹħ֮ɽ
ȻҪǣҹħһСҹɲ֯ҹɲ֯ɽأǳĿ¡Ϊ֯ˣ¶Ĳ̡
ҹħֺ󣬳һЩʶˣѾʼˡ
ҹħǵǺܾ壬Ϊɽģĸˢӵģɵҹħ
ԶҹħѪŮڣѡ񣬵һǽҶǰȻĽڶѡ֡һ£ǶֵĺԲ뿴ġ
ѪŮ̧ͷҹħһ̣һѪͻȻǰ𵴶
ֻһ˲Ѫֱӽҹħû
ʱһɺɫͻȻƬѪ֮͵ر
䣡
һըڳ쳹˵ע£ҹħֱӱ˰ɿ⣡
һ̣˶ѪŮ
һ̣Ƿ֣СǰŮˡ
Զҹħͷ˿Լǰ˿ѾһѪӡĬһ˲ҹħ̧ͷѪŮò˵ЩСˡе㱾£ҿ㱾ж󣡡
䣬ֳǰһ̽ɲǼ䣬һɫͻȻǰת˲һɿֱֲӽԶѪŮΧĿռŤͬʱϸߵĺɫ籩һ㳯ѪŮûȥ
ԶѪŮ˫ֻת˲˫͵һ̧ɲǼ䣬ѪâͻȻ̰ӿ
䣡
һըΧֱӱ˱سˡ
ֵһ˵ǣЩ¥ʱ¥ͻȻһ⣬ЩһӴЩǻޡ
УѪâڹⲻϽ֯
䣡
һըЩѪâڹȻըѿţ˱Եسˣһˣ˶˲ǧɣ
ͣѪŮɨһܣɫЩѿ
Ϊеľƶǽúܲ
ڰУǿߣЩˣûеõҶʱȻǲߵģ
Щˣ
ʱҹħͻȻѪŮȥÿһ¾ͻһɫĽӡͬʱͻȻһ״ߵޡֻ޽ܣĿ˶ɡ
ѪŮ̧ͷҹħʱҹħͻȻ͡һʧԭأת˲
䣡
ͻȻһըţ˾㵵Ŀ֮УѪŮֱӱǧɿ⡣
һĻڤŮɫʱ
ԶѪŮ̧ͷҹħĿҹħͣһ£ȻϽ޻꣡
ҹħûϽޣ֮󣬿ɱѵءϣ֮ͬУ൱޵С
䣬һֱʧԭء
ٴγʱѾѪŮǰȻȭ͵ضѪŮ˹ȥȭһ˲ϵͻȻȭͷ֮ϣɲǼ䣬ȭͷ֮ĿռֱըѿͬʱǿõΧ˸ܵһǿҵѹȸУ
ܵеѪŮɫҴ⣬һɲǼ䣬һѪâʱ֮ϣת˲͵سǰһģ
ƳǰΧĿռ˲Ѫ
䣡
ǿڿиһӴ͵رͬʱ˸ԳˣѪŮֱ˽ǧɲͣǣҹħֻ˲ɣ
ԶҹħǷһĨܹҼȭ
䣬һֱʧԭء
ֱ֮ӽռ˺ѿɢǿǽΧڵĿռعѳ֩״
һĻѪŮһĨת˲˫ֽһѪɫӿֻһ˲˾ͱһѪɫ
һ̣ѪɫͻȻ͵ըѿ
䣡
һǿڳϯҹħײһ̣ԲڵĿռʱһȻǲһȫ˿ԼٶȳųӶȥ
һʱ䣬ǽһƬ
ĵѪŮҹħһʼͱǵɣǺܿ죬ָԳű˴˱ȥ
䣡
ÿһν֣˵Ǿ춯ءȻģѪŮ·ˡ
ѪŮ֮Դ·磬Ҫԭҹħ˵ʵѪŮȵĻʵܻҪѷǣ棬ѪŮֱѹĸо
˵ѪŮһж
ѪŮƾǿѾܣ
䣡
ʱһըѪŮֱӱǹҹħǧɿ⡣ʱҹħͻȻѪŮȥ
һĻڤŮɫ΢䣬Ҫ֣һ̣һӰͻȻϮһ˳ѪŮǰת˲ͻȻһȭ
䣡
һɿֲԺǰ͵رըֱӱسǧɣҹħȴҲͣ
˶ˣ
˭
һԵ˺棬ѪŮڤŮҲˡܿ죬ѪŮеɻʧˡ
ΪѾϳ˭
Ҷ
ǰҶ
ԶҹħһҶ
䣬һӣһ֮𵴶˲Ҷǰ
ʱҶǰ̤һ
䣡
һɿֲĺâǰɺâǹһӴ˲ըѿȻͬʱޡ
һĻ˶ˡ
ɱ⣡
澳ɱ⣬˲ôȵġϾڳĶ澳ǿߣ澳⾳̫̫ࡣǣ澳֮ϵ⾳Ҳеټˣ
ʹǿ繷ߵɽ⾳ҲǷǳѼģ
ҶǰȻ˶ԵʱҲʩչɱ⣬ǣɱⶼĽâڸˡ
Ͼǽޣһ˵뵽ǽн⣬ɱ⣡
УҶ˵Ŀ⣬תѪŮȻָһöʯѪŮǰ
ѪŮһҶû˵ʯȻȥ
ʱҶתҹħ׼ȷ˵ǿҹħֱϵ
ҹħʵûǿǣԷղȴͽǧɡȻĹͣ
⣬Ҷĵиһ˿Īɫʡ
ɱ⣡Щ⣡
ʱҹħͻȻ㱾̫޷ӵ£Ҳ˭ȻˣǾȥɣ
䣬һֱʧԭءת˲ֱӳҶǰȻһȭҶؿں˹ȥ
ΪҶҪֻ߶ʱҶȴǷ·𱻵Ѩһԭһҹħȭͷǰ
סȻҶȴǷһĨЦݡ


1803 ӾҶ
ۣ
ʱҶͻȻһھѪȻʱȴץסҹħұۣ׼ȷ˵޻ꡣ
ҹħסת˲ҪʱһͻȻҶؿӿת˲޻ֱҹħֱʧˡ
һ̣ҶֻȭȻǰһȭ
䣡
һըҹħֱӱ˰ɿ⣡
У𾪣
ǰ˭
Զ˿ҹħɫЩǻţΪ֣ԼȻǹʧȥϵ
ǹǿƣ
Ȼڣûˣ
ҹħҶ
ҶһҹħȻȵȣ
䣬˫ۻ˺
ڡ
ڽɨһܣдһ˿ãȻת˲ȻͷһŭХɲǼ䣬ΧĿռ䱻ؾҲ
Զ䣬бľСס
ĹСգգۣȻľĳ򣬽ָǹ˭
濴һСףȻһù
СգգۣȻָָһԵĺ䣬˵ǲǸһ
һĻǺ΢΢һ飬Сһ
һԵѾ̲סЦ
Զǹʲ˦β֮еǿõʵĿռҲ
һԣ俴ʱѾ
ʱСͻȻľǹĲԶССצץľָָǹȻָָʣţָָ
˼ܼ򵥣ڸ߹ù͵һ㣬ȻҪˡ
ȻȴͻȻСףгһ̣ͻȻſ˾޿ڣȻСһҧ˹ȥ
һĻС˫۶ʱԲһ̣ľһֱıϡ
ǹֱӳ˹ȥ
俴Źûж֡ǹ໹ʮʱһصͻȻ˲ǹϡ
䣡
ǹֱӱ䵽˵֮ϣת˲һǿѹֱѹǹϣѹ£ǹֱӱѹɪɪ
һ̣Ǿ֮ɫ
ģеľ֮ɫġ

ʵУҶ۾ȻҹħҹħҶҲ˭˵һ飬Ȼұ壡
ҶҪ֣ʱѪŮͻȻǰѪŮҶϢȻ
˵ţҪ֣ʱҶȴסֱۣȻҡҡͷȰκá
䣬ҹħȥ
ԶҹħɫʱҶұͻȻһת˲ұۺ֮µŽɫʱ
ڲý£սʤҹħѾõˣֻܶսۡ
µһ˲ҶʱоԼֳɫȴԵüΪƽڵʵȫѾӦս۵ˡ
֮ԻѡӡΪûսȫںϣֱʱʱ̱̿ս۵Ӱš
ʱҹħͻȻȻҾͳȫ㣡
䣬ҽ͵һ壬ֱӻһɫɫ죬˲ѾҶǰʱҶҽͻȻ˰֣ţֽճȭȻ󳯺һ̣ȭ͵سǰһ䣡
䣡
ȭһǿҶȭ֮бӿ˲ǽǰǵڹɢҹħҲֱӱҶһȭ䵽ɿ⣡
һĻ˶ˣ
˿̣ԽĺҶˡ
УҶһȭҹħû֣һҹħǰȻٴһȭ
򵥣ֱӣ
ҶһȺ̺˵Ǽֲģ֮ռ䶼ŤŤΧĿռѾѿޱȣ
ҶǰҹħоҶȭͷ֮еһҴ⣬ӿֳǰһ̽ɲǼ䣬һɫгȭͷλãת˲͵رһֲ
˵ֱӵķʽײһ
䣡
һӴҶҹħǳˣҹħֱ㽫ɲͣҶ˲һʱͣת˲ҽ͵һ壬ͬһöڵһ㱩
ת˲ҶٴγҹħǰȻһȭ
ûжκε뼼ɣǼ򵥵һȭ
ֱ
ڳмսʱҹħʱЩԲˡ
ʱҶսۣѾѹ澳ǿˡȻҪĻָ˵ļսͷųǿõܵ˺ܴ𵴵ģ
𵴶Ҷ˵ں£ֱ˵ǲֵһᡣǣҹħûĻָˣսҹħЩԲˡ
䣡
ʱеҹħҶͻȻ˿һ̣ҶֳҹħǰţҶȭͷͬһ㳯ҹħȥ
ҶĹ£ҹħʱڽڰˡ
ѹƣ
ڣҹħҶĹ£ѾȫѹƣֻܱҶԽԽ˷ܣԽԽ
ʵ˵ҶͦϲȭͷġΪȭͷȭȭĸоĺˬ
ýĻûָо
أ
ʱҹħٴαҶһȭ˳ȥ
Ҷ׼֣ʱҹħͻȻҶɣ
ҹħĻ˶ʱסת˲˶ҶĿⲻƣ
һԵڤŮѪŮɫЩÿˣҶһ¶ǺǷǳصġ
ʥǣУ֪жҶ
Ӧ˵ɽ֪жҶ
ԶҶû˵һֱӳҹħǰȻһȭ˹ȥ
䣡
ҹħֱӱ䵽˰ɿ⣬ͬʱһھѪ
Ҷ׼ʱҹħͻȻָҶλҶƽľϣ
ҶûйҹħҪ֣ʱʮǿϢͻȻѹϡ
оһĻҶɫʱ
ʱԶһͻȻҶҶ
Ҷǣ
ǣ
ҹħͻȻЦҶҿǵ㣬Ҷ׿ҲǿңƺҲɱ⡣
˿ҶҶش
ʱҶֵ˵˲ǾͲǣ
ԶҹħͻȻһӣһҶǰҶ˵㲻ǣ𣿡
һԣЩǿ΢΢ͷҶһޣֻҪýǾ;ܹܳǲҶ
ҶǰĽĬ
ʱҹħЦôң
Ҷ̧ͷһҹħһ̣ס˽ת˲Ҷʧԭء
һɲǼӴŲ
ת˲ҶѾҹħ󣬶˿̣ҹħѾӲ
һ˲ҹħüͻȻһѪ
ʱҶͻȻ˳ۣȻɨһܣӾҶɱ


1804 ⽣ҲҪˣ
Ҷ
Уž
˶Ҷ
Ҷˣ
ǵǰȻ˿̣ȴûκ˶֣УǼɵ
Ҷղһɱҹħ
Ȼ֮ǰҹħѾ״̬ǣҲһλ澳ǿ߰ңԷּûˮֵ澳ǿߡȻԷȴֱӱҶһɱˣ
Ӧûͱɱˣ
ҹħûзӦ˶ûпղһ
Ǽɵĵط
ڴ֮ǰǶҶʵûһֻǾҶеǿڣеǿǷǳǿ
У˳Ĭû뿪Ҳû˳֣Ϊ˭ǹͷ
Ҷûйˣǻһ˿Ϣҹħ㲻ýȭͷȻܹ㣬ȴ޷ɱ㣬ϧȴҪý
ҶĻҹħͫ΢΢һת˲䳹
Ҷһӣҹħʬ
ʵ뱩¶ԼΪ鷳ܶܶࡣû취ղѾ¶Ҳñ¶Ϊýǰٷ֮ٻᱩ¶ġ
ǽޣս֮󣬼ʹôҲܹܳģ
Ȼ޷ǲԳϣ
ҶеĽȻ󻻳˽棬ɨһˣɱ𣿡
ɱ
ᣬȴ͸һɴݲȵİ
ʱһͻȻվ˳ĿҶϣ£ԩ޳𣬲𣬵ǣľ˵ҪֻҪ㽻ľתߣ
ľ
ȻҶʵǿ󣬵ҲȻᱻˡȻҪľջʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҷ˵ĺߣһ̣ͻȻһʧԭء
ʧһ˲üλͻȻһ㺮⣡
⣡
㺮ǽ⣡
߼ҶͻȻ֣ɫȻ䣬ҲǸӦһɿֲϯȻȻҶһ˺ѷ飬ȴΪȡһʱ䣬ԭأ
˿̣Ѿɿ⣡
ü䣬һ죬׼ȷ˵һѪ
Ѫ
ͷд󺧡ղţֻҪһ㣬һ㣬Ѿˣ
ǿ
ÿĽ
̧ͷһҶȻ⽣ҲҪˣ
䣬ֱתһڹʧԶ
Ҫˣ
׼ȷ˵ǲҪˣ
ǴģΪҪҶضҪϧһлɱġ
ɱӺ
㣬ԣѡߡ
һԣҶһǺߣûȥ׷ɱԷΪû壬ңҪ¶ԷͱʩչŲӳֵһɲǣ
ڣֻʩչһһɲǣ
ʵ
Ҷóöʯ£ȻɨһЩˣ˭Ҫģ
У˳Ĭ
ȻҪġǣ⽣ԲôҪġһ⣬Ǿǣ˭ͷ
˲ԲҶջĿ⣬ȻѪŮأ
ѪŮͻƣػ
ŻҪãҶʡ
ѪŮ룬Ȼ˵Ҳһ̣Ҳһ£Ҳпһꡣ
ҶҡҡͷУﲻܴ
ѪŮ֪ǡ
ȥҶͻȻ
ѪŮһҶȻ֪Ҷ˵ĵط

ҶָľǺ
ѪŮǱ飬ûκ˵Ҳû˵
Ҷҡҡͷ㣬ڤŮнãҲңļ䣬ҵĺܶܣҲ֪ġ
ѪŮ룬Ȼãߣ
˵꣬ڤŮһʧԭء
ҶҪ¥ʱ뵽ʲôתɨһۣҲܣ档
䣬һʧԭء
У졣
ʱͻȻһҪʱҪ
һ˲ܿ죬˷׷׵˵ͷʾ޳ɡ
ҶʥǵϢһɽ˿һʱ䣬ǿ߲ϳʥǸ
ò˵һ̣Ҷĳ֣õɽĲƽˡ
¥
ҶѪŮڤŮĴ£¥¥ŮäŮ
˿̣Ůλã˫΢գĿռһУ
ʱŮԵäŮͻȻתҶˡ
Ҷ˵ͷã
äŮ𾴵ġ
äŮ΢΢ͷɳĺܿ죬㣬Ҳʤ㡣
ҶЦЦǿҲ㣡
ԣäŮ΢ƣһĨ΢ɲĻȡ
ʱҶ㣬˵ز˾ҪǴߡ
ЩǲľģЩϹＶǿߣܱߡңʥǵϢڹѾ˿ڣ֪ܲжǿҪɱ
ʵڤʵͬǣǸ޷ɽǿ߶Կ˼ҺĶܹǡ
äŮѪŮѪŮ΢΢ͷܾ
äŮ˵ͷߣ˵ţҶ
ҶŮʱѪŮͻȻСģ
Ҷ⣬ʱɫͻȻһ䣬Ϊ֣ܵһɼֲ֮֮õоЩļ£
Σգ
ֱŮΣգ
Ĭһ˲ҶߵŮǰȻһӣŮյ˺ڡ
˭˭ģܹ֮ŮȥҪԭŮŮȻڳ̣ǣܹܵһеġ
ŮյҶѪŮŮ߰ɣ
Ů˵ͷ
ʱɫһ䡣
ת˲
䣡
һը¥ֱӻޡ
ߣλǱˣ
ʱһͻȻڳ
£ҶǰԶˡλ˵ǰվһźɫ۵ӡ
澳ǿߣ
Ҷɨһˣаҡͷ澳ǿ棬˵Ƿëǣʹǰ˴ң澳ǿҲٵĿ澳ǿ߼ֱ繷ߣ
ҲҪ֪ʱ򣬿˵ǧ澳ǿ߶ġ
ʱΪ׵ĿͻȻҶϣҹħɱ
ҹħ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻɱܶˣ֪˵ĸϸ¶Էò𣿡
ԣ˲
ӿҶãȻһ֯ԵĻᣡ
ԶҶгͻȻ̧ңָӣ˶˵ֻڣǵķزɸˡ
ˣ


1805 ð

ò˵ҶĻޱȰġǣеȴѾҡͷ
ΪǺҶǰЩʲôˣ
ҹɲ
Щҹɲ֯ˣ
ɽ֯Щ֯ɳǿɡҹɲ֯ٿɽǰ塣
ֻǰ壬Ϊһڶ֯û¶ˡˣҹɲɽǼģΪԴԴˡ
Ȼʲô˶ܹġ
ˣҹɲ֯ˣʵǷǳǿģ
Զ̣ͻȻЦôˣôҹɲ֯ô˵ģǵһҲһ
䣬һһǹУһֱ̣ӴһӰҶǰת˲ǹ͵ضҶ˹ȥ
ǹף쵽£
ҶҲ룬ٽһն

һ̶ļڳ쳹ת˲ֱӱسɵľ롣Ҷͬ˽ɡ
һν棬˲£
Զӿ˿ԼЩ֣Ȼ̧ͷҶӡ
䣬ͻȻǰ̤һһ̤䱾ֱӹسҶͷϿգһ̣˫еĳǹҶԴ͵شȥ
Ҷû̧ͷҽ͵һ档
أ
ֱ̮ݣ䱾һ
ܿ죬˵ע£ҶĽӵǹֱӵķʽײһ
䣡
߸һӴпռǾһȻѣӦ˵ҪϾ˵ʵ̫ǿռ޷ܡȻռһѣͱһص˲޸ˡ
УҶһ֣һ̣ͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰת˲еĳǹ͵ضҶһɨ
һɨɨ˷֮
ҶǷһĨЦûѡҲûʹκμɣΪھԵٶǰκμɶûõġǰһǹٶȻﵽ˼¡
ΨӲӲ
Ҳôģ
Ҷֽгͬһɨ֮ռֱӱ˺ѿ

ǹһӴͬʱһеǿ͵رֱӱسˣȻ˲ʮʱͬʱű˴˱ȥ
ٴμս
һԣäŮͻȻ𣿡
ѪŮһҶȻҡҡͷСûȫȵȵȿСӵļޡ
äŮ˵ͷã
äŮԲԶ˪ɨһܣȻüЩ
˪ԣϾһۣʲô
˪ǿ߳ȥˡ
ϾɨһܣǷʲôüͬ
ԶҶӴ˿Ѿսݱֵһ˵ǣҶԽսԽͣȴѾƣǷػǳУ֮ǰ
СӵĽսǿһԣѪŮͻȻ
äŮ΢΢ͷһ㣬ǻָָ̫ǿԣ˽սѡ˻ˡ˵𣬶˵Ǻ˴˿֣Ѿڹ˼˼ǡڼȥʱӱذܣ
ѪŮ΢΢ҡͷԷսȥˡ׼֣
äŮ˵ͷת
䣡
ʱԶͻȻһըţֱӱҶһɿ⡣Ҷû֣ͣһӱȥ
Ӵ򷨣
Ĵ򷨾ǷӴ򷨣ͣ򵽶ԷܲΪֹ
һΣȴûг֣һصӰ˵ǰţһӣһ֣ع
䣬ֱӻһӰʧԭء
ԶѪŮͻȻ֣
£Ůֱʧԭأ
Ҷûг֣ͣȻó˼öʯ¡ڵʱ̱㣬״̬Ҫ֪ڰв֪жɱأ
Ů֣ӵǷһĨǿڤŮ澳һεǿߣǵָüȻһ֣ӵɫ˲䣡
رӣΪĶ֣ѪŮäŮѪŮäŮֱ֣ӱŮֺ䵽ǧɿ⡣
澳κӰҲ˪ڤŮŮΧ£ڽڰˣǽڽڰˣɾʮϢоӰֱӱնɱ
նɱӰ˵ģǰϾڤŮ
ܵһĻ˺ɫ֪һΣˣ
У
ѪŮäŮٴγʱͻȻóһ飬ת˲ʥϿյĿռͻȻһţһ޴Ͽա
ܿ죬Ǿ޴ʼ
һᣬ˵ע£һӰǴ֮˳
һϢʮӰ˳˳С
У澳ǿߣ澳Σǣ澳ǿɢǿϢһ㶼澳εǿ
һĻѪŮäŮɫʱȻŮҲû뵽ͻȻôǿߡ
ǵһСäŮ
ѪŮ΢΢ͷе㲻С
ʱ³ֵʮӰ֮УһֳֺɫȵĺӰ˳һѪŮˣȻ֮ǰ㱻ѪŮäŮɱӣҹڤȻáټɵģ˵˵ɣ
ҹڤӶǳֹȵĺӰ˱˱ȭȻҹݳϣ֮ʹáټԭһҹɲ֯ԷѾɱҹɲ֯ˣУҹħĹҲԷУ
һԭأҹݵĺӰʡ
ҹڤתͷһԵҶиԭΪ
ҹתͷҶʲô˼
ҹڤҹݳϣ˾ҶƽĽڴУ
ԣҹ˫۶ʱ
ľ
ɽǿߣǿ˲֪ġʱ;ɽǿߡϧǣǱ󣬾ʧӰˡɽǿ߱Ѱãֻܷ
ڲãͻȻľҶС
Ҷǰ
ҹݿҶֻ
ʱҹڤͻȻҹݳϣ˽ϲġ±ô˽Ȼ׸죬Ȼȴû뵽Щʵ֮ǿܣ
ҹݿһҹڤȻ²㡣˵ţҶ㽻ǽǲύģ𣿡
ԶҶĬһ˲ͻȻһӣľҲࡣ
ʱĿʱ棬̰
Ҷָָľ
ҹݿҶϢȻһӣʱԵһӰֱӳҶ˹ȥ
ʱһͻȻڳ쳹
Ųһ˲ɱ
𣬳г˹һĻֻҶĺӰԴͻȻǣȴǻڱҶܿ죬Ҷǰһʱͣ
Ѫһء
ʱҶ°ͶľȻð
ˣ


1806 Ϊʲôô죡
ѽ
Ҷ£ͻȻİֻź
ɱ
ɱ澳ǿߣ
ڿҶʱнǶ˼ɵ֮ɫļɵ
սʤ澳ǿߣǻɱ澳ǿߣʲôϡ顣ǣһ澳εߣȻֱɱһ澳εǿߣ
ɱ
ɱʲô
ζҶʵԶ澳ǿ߰
Զ澳ǿߡˣҲûУǶߣ߹ߣ
ҶȻߣ

ĳ
Զҹ֮УҲһ˿ءΪʹҲ޷ɱһ澳ǿߡȻǰλˡ
һ̣֮ģ
ȻҪôȻǲܵġ˵һԵҲǲ׷ġ
ڳģ˭ûҪηҶʵǲ
ǹ߳ɽ
ʱҹͻȻСˡΪƾ㻹ԵЩŮˣͿҹɲԿôģֻ˵ˣ

ʱҶͻȻٽָҹݣҲ֪ʲôҹɲҲ֪ڣֻ㵥
ҹɫһţˣ㡭
ҶͻȻҹݵĻܱܲ˵ЩƨҾ㣬ҪȺŹ㵥۸ɣȺŹĻǾɣ
Ҷͱˣҹɫޱѿں۵Եʣ˿ǣǿ񱩵Ϣȴõ֪ʱ
ȺŹ
ƽĶۣҹ뵥ģϾ澳ΣҶֻ澳һΣӦսȥǺܶ˵ġǣ֮ǰҶɱ澳ǿߵһĻһֱǻš
Ĭһ˲ҹͻȻս㣡
ԣͻȻסҶҲһ㶣ԷʲôϷ䣿
ʱһԵ˪ͻȻ
ڤŮŮ˪
˪Цô˵ζţҪҶˡΪѾˡ֪ɻΪʲôôΪģΪԼħ
˵⣬˶٣ֵղţѾﻢ¡ս·һսɻǣսضħԼʲôɣħϰ֮ˣˡ
ֱѡ䣿Ͼ
˪˵ͷֱ䣬򲻹ҶһԲҶҲԲħΪûƭԼȷʵ򲻹ҶⲻǽڣǳԼĲ㡣£ԼħܻԼľõ
ԣڤŮŮ˵ͷҹݵͼ
ò˵˪˵ĻǷǳеġղҹѡսѡս͵ҽڣ֮ҽڣȻΪӡһѰҽڣˣ
ȻѰҽڣֱӳϴ򲻹ҶһԲҶˣԼħľ
֮٣
һԣҹݿһ˪ȻһԵҶҶҳϣšǣ⽣ڵʵס֮ǰɱҹɲ˵£ҿ㱣֤ҹɲ̡ҹɲ֯ô
ԶҶ룬Ȼҿô
ԣҹɫһҪˡ
䣬һӣһŷʱг𣬺ܿ죬ŷڿըѿת˲һ̨ʡ
Ҷ̧ͷһʵĴ̨ȻĽ
ĽʲôѪŮʡ
ҶҪһŷȻҵĻǸöð
ѪŮҶԴȻҡҡͷϹ룡
Ҷ
ʱʵǴ̨֮УͻȻһź۵ߡ߳ʱɫˡ
ѹȸУ
ֵ߳һ˲˶ܵһεѹȸУ
ʱҹͻȻӭȥȻǺ΢΢һ񣬡ҹϣ㣬Ϊ֮˵ţָָԶҶȻʼ˵
ԼʮϢҹͻȻ˲ԶҶҶͣһ˲ĿҶԵǱľ֮ϡ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻһУɲǼ䣬ǱľҲţҪ
ʱľͻȻһת˲һмٶȼ죬գۼҹǰ

ľķҶûжֻ֣ľķ
ʱҹһӣǵֱʧӰ١ת˲ֳľһգһǿֱסľʱһǿĽͻȻסľ
ˣ
ֵһ˲ľͻȻһ󼤲ת˲һֱӽǹޡͬʱľɵҶУ
ʱҹĿҶϣҼ࣬Ҳɱܶࡣ
Ҷ˵ʱѪŮͻȻסֱۣȻ
Ҷһů֪ѪŮǵΪǰߵʵһ澳ǿܹȵġҲȲߣҲϹＶǿߣ
Ϲ
Ҷҡҡͷûµģ
ѪŮʵǺǿҲһҹǣԼ
ս
ͬսǿսÿһεսܹõʵϣľϵ
ȷѪŮʡ
Ҷ˵ͷȷ
ѪŮ΢΢ͷ㣡
䣬ҹݵˣڤ£Ҳ¡սڤ㵽ף
䣬һӣҪ˼ɱ
£ֱӻһѪâҹݳ˹ȥһԵ˪ŮҲһҹЩǿ߳˹ȥ
ս
˲伤ս
ʥǵĿռ㹻̣Ȼʥǿܶᱻı
ȻˣǳڵĽ˵»ޡ
һ̣ǿ߶ں棬ڤŮŮݡҪ֪ǰڤŮŮǴûֹɽģˣȻ棬رǺڤŮŮʵ
Ȼֻͨ澳ʵδҲ̫һЩܹԽս
ЩŮǴð
УҶҹûж֡Ҷ֮ûѡ֣Ϊָһ
ղʹôŲһɲǣһڣԷ֣Ȼȳ֣һһᣡ
ҹ֣л˵
ҹҶúȻǸ˲ţϧӲã
ҶЦЦȻ˾ûģһƢ˴ҺãҾͶԱ˺áҪ۸ҡ˵⣬ɫͻȻһףΪʲôô죡


1807 ս
Ϊʲôô죡
ҶĻҹɫʱҶΣȻ˵ͷȻˣȥɣ
䣬һֱʧԭء
һ̣䱾Ѿ֮Уת˲ͻȻ·Ҷһָ
ɲǼ䣬ҶͷϿճһ޴Уת˲һɵľ޴ָЯ޾ѹ˳
̺ǿֱõ濪ʼ̮ͬʱʥǾȻѾʼڲ·ܲסָһ㡣
ƺޱȣ
·Ҷֽ˽еľһ̣˫ۻɲǼ䣬ɿֲ⾳ϯת˲⾳ӿеľ֮С
ˣ
һͻȻ
ʱҶҽͻȻһ塣
أ
ŴĿռһҶһ⳯Ǹָȥ
ռֽһ㱻и
˵ע£ǶǸָĶˣ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬羪ը죡
ҶеľǾָһţҶֱӱָѹ¼׹
ҶһĨɫ˫ľ͵һ
ͣ
˴ֱǸָһ
䣡
ǸָȻѣ졣
գۼ䣬Ҷǻҹǰ̺ĿֱֲõҹĿռѿ
ҹ俴ҶҶĽвһɾʱͻȻ̧Ȼһ
ͣ
һɭ亮âһ
䣡
һըҶֱӱɿ⡣
ͣҶͷ˿Լ֣Ȼ̧ͷҹж˼ء
ǿ
ǰߣʵһ澳ǿܹȡ
ԶҹһҶȻȷʵǸе㱾¡ɳϷ治֡ڣ֣Ϸܴü
䣬䳯ǰ̤һȻֳ̧һ̣͵س¡
ҹ£ԶҶͷĿռͻȻţһƬռɽһ͵سҶѹ˹ȥ
ҶһһͬʱҲǻһ⳯ͷȥ
ƣ
䡭
һת˲ҶͷһƬռͻȻʱɲǼ䣬һƬǽ塣
ԼʮϢʲŽָƽ
˿̣Ҷҹɵľ롣ʱȫ¶ˣҶıȽأѾʧʱȫ˿
ҶɫȴǼΪƽ
Ϊ˿̵ǰ״̬ܲϵңڻкԴԴϸ޸ˣȻ˺۱鲼ǶҶ˵û̫⡣
Ҷ棬ҹϣʮˣЩ˿ҹĵطܽرӴǵˣ֮ǰĿ죬һѾһˡ
ҹҶãȻǿĽ̬޸ò˵ҷǳ⡣澳ĶΣҿҲĶ֡ϧֻ澳Σ
䣬ͻȻϿգһ̣˫ڿȻ·Ҷ͵һġ
䣡
ҶͷϿգһƬռͻȻһǿϢɽһ㳯ҶѹȥͬʱһƬռ֮УһֻɫͻȻ˳һֻ̣ɫֱӶ·Ҷȥ
·ҶһȻ˫ֽеľӿͬʱ⾳Ҳϯӿľ֮С
ʱҶҽͻȻ͵һա
أ
һըҶֱӻһ𡣽ռ価˺ѷ顣ɢǿ⣬õó˲ֱӣ

һ̣ʥǵ˶ܵһĽ
·Ҫ̴أ
ǿĽֱӷֻɢƣת˲Ҷֱӵķʽֻ޴֮ϡ
䣡
ײжʱһ羪׵ը
䣡
ֻ޴ƾһת˲ֱըѿƬ׹¡Ҷֱӱɢ䵽˵صף
һĻһҹɲ֯ǿֵ߽ѪŮäŮüͷʱ
ģ
Ů˪Ů˿ҲЩˡ
ʱһӰǵ֮г˳
ӰҶ
оһĻ˪Ůжһ
ʣҹڿҶӵһ̣ɫޱȵѿ
ԭΪ֮ǰһƣ㲻ܻɱҶǣҲܹҶġȻڿҶ˵ӡ
޸
Ҷܹ֮⣬ҪԭҶȻֻ澳ΣǣҶƵҶǿбӿֲ޸
һӲͷ
·ҶĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷҹ
䣬ͻȻһʧԭء
һɲǣ
ʵһж澳ǿߣѾû̫в£ڣ¡ڲ⾳ľսۡ
£һ˵Ǵﵽһµĸ߶ȣҲΪһв澳ǿˣ
Ҷʧһ̣ʵҹʱɫһ䣬ת˲ת͵ؾһĳ
Ƴ
䣡
ɢҶ˴ɣҹҲҶһ֮е˽ɵľ롣
Զҹ˿Լƣ˿̣ѾһѪɫ
Ĭһ˲̧ͷҶеľϽ˵ǿ󡣡
䣬һһС
ֵڣ֣ǲˡΪסҶľӲҶĽܻᱻ
ҶûзϻóöʯºٴλһⱩ
ģ
ʵڴҲġΪ޷ɱǰλߣϴŲҲûաҪǣڶôŲǾζҪ̱ˡ
ڵ״ǿʩչŲɥʧսʱֻؾǿ߶ܹնɱ
ԣģòģ
ڣҹ֮䣬Ϳ˭ȺĲס
ٴμս
ˣѪŮҲҹɲǿڼսһΣѪŮ߲ûռϷ磬Ҳûѹƣֻ˵սһ൱
˶óսȥѪŮߵӮĿҪࡣΪѪŮŮֵ߱ıȽɡ
䣡
ʱͻȻһ޴Ĵ󣬽ţǿϢͻȻд˳
һĻԶҹֵҶɫ˲


1808 ˵
ˣ
˿̣Ҷг
ûҹɲ֯ΪУǣԷȴǲŹһٶǿɱ
ˣ
ʣע£ֳߡ
ȫ澳ǿߣ
Ϊ׵ɨһܣĿԶҹϣҹľ֮Ҫ㾹Ȼ֪ͨ֯ôȡḷ֮̌
ҹɫһ䣬ԪҪݺңƺе㲻
ԪһȻԶҶ׼ȷ˵ǿҶеľľʱжʱ˺ε̰
ʱҶͻȻеľȻôҪ
ԪҶǺҪô
ҶЦЦð
ԪҶƬ̣Ȼ
䣬һֱӻһ߳Ҷȥͬʱһ޾ѹֱӽҶܸ֣޷
ҶҲû
Ԫֵһ̣ҶͻȻؿڣת˲һɿֲϢͻȻܣţһͷ޳Ҷǰ
ͷޣȻ棡

ǰ͵һ
䣡
ԪͷųǿϢֱӱɢţһԾֱײԪ
䣡
˾㵵Ŀ֮УԪֱӱײǧɿ⡣
ޣ
ʱԶҹжһ˿أԲԶԪͬһĨء
в
ԶҶͻȻһıϣţĺ󱳡⣬˫͵һգֱӴҶʧԭء
ʧһ˲һͻȻڳ֣ϸߣ˸ûп
ٶȹԵʣ
ԶҶʧһ̣ԪɫȻ䣬˫æȻǰ͵һ
䣡
һɰâ˫֮ϯɰâһ֣Ҷ
ҶĽӴɰâʱɰâʱѩͣ˲ɢ
ʱһֻȭͷҶĽϡ
䣡
ҶеľһȻԪȴֱӱҶһǧɿ⣬һͣԪбھѪ
汳ϣҶһĨ죬û뵽ԼղһȻ˵ǿԣ棡
Ҷ뵽ʲôͻȻЩ˷ˡ
棡
ٶȣڲʩչŲ£ǱȲġһϣǾʩչһɲǣٶṩ
׼ȷ˵ٶṩӣ£һɲǵ˲˲֪ٱҪǣҪٶȣ
һã
ˣҶ˷ˡһ̣棬⣬ֱӻһʧԭء
ͣ
˵Ŀ֮УԭҶǰĿռֱӱ˺ѿͬʱ
䣡
һըԪֱӱ䵽ǧɿ⡣֮ϣǸȭѾѿ
ʱҶٴʧԭء
ԶԪɫ䣬͵ؿԶҹ֣
£͵һʮǿӡ˫ֶ֮ȻЩӡڽӴҶĽʱ˲Ǳ˺ѿޡ
䣡
Ԫٴα˳ȥһΣɡ
Ҷ׼ʱһԵҹͻȻǵǰ֣ҶҲûжֱײ˹ȥ
䣡
滹ҶһӴڵĿռǾһȻѿ
һΣҶ汻ɣҹɿ⡣
˵ʵģǣҶǰЩҪ֪˿̵ҶյĽľսۣ͸һ澳ǿܹȵġ
棬Ǿ͸˵ˡ˿̵棬䱾ʵѾ澳ǿߣһһ澳ǿߡˣҶϣϳǷǳֲġ
Զҹɫޱû뵽Ҷ˵Ŀֲ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
һĻҹԪɫʱһ䣬ǾҪأȻܿ죬Ԫɫ䣬æסǣ
£ҹֱʧԭء
˿̣ҶѾǧһսѪŮҹڤ֡
Ҷʧһ̣ѪŮֵҹڤɫ˲䣬һ̣ȫëû˿ԥҪԭأȻЩˡ
ͣ
һͻȻҹڤü䴦˳һ˲䣬ҹڤ彩Ӳ
ģѪҹڤü˳̼䣬ҹڤѪеɫҲʧֱûκɫʡ
ʵҶڲʩչŲ£ɱҹڤġϧǣ֮ǰҹڤ֮ǰѪŮ֣󲿷ݾѪŮϣҶ͵Ϯˣ⧲֮£ֱӱҶɱ
һɱҹڤ֮ҶһӣֱӽʬʱԪҹѾǰǣҶûйԪˣٴʧԭأ
ǧ⣡
ͣ
äŮǰһ澳ǿߵüͻȻһ㺮⣬ת˲澳ǿֱӽӲţʬϢʧԭأ
ת˲Ҷʧԭأ
ɱɱ
ҶڵĿģ
ҹԪʵһ澳ǿǿ̫࣬涼޷ɱԷԣֱѡЩɱɱ
ҹԪȻҲ֪ҶĿģ˾ҪҶȻʱѪŮäŮͻȻ˵ǰûκηϻѪŮ˫һУһƬѪֱӺԪˡ
ѪŮäŮסҹʱͻȻһҽ
ɱ
Уɫޱȵ
ΪڳУҶ֮Щ澳ǿ߾ȻһһǸɱ
ɱ
һ̣пʼˣ
Ҷɱ澳ǿ߾͸аײһ
˿̣౾ҪҶˣѾȡͷ
ʮϢҶͣ
ͣ˪ڤŮŮҲͣȻֱӽҹԼԪ˸Χ
˿̣Ԫɫޱȵѿ
ȫû
һΣҹɲ֯˵ʧأˣرԪܹţ³϶Ҳ᲻ù
Ĭһ˲ԪɨһҶˣ˿̿ʼҹɲǲݣ
ݣ
ҶЦЦȻĺú°
䣬ɨһ۳ܣȻ˲ңҲˣңӣҲҪŪ㣡
𣿡
ʱһͻȻʴҹɲҪ㣬㡭
ˣ
ʱһͻȻڳ쳹
Ųһ˲ɱ棡
һҶٶȵļޣ
Уһ㶣ת˲̧ͷ˿УҶ֪ʱ
ҶǰһŻ۵ӣ˿̣彩Ӳ˫Բ֮У֮ɫΪü䣬һľ
Ҷľǰ˶ľʱӵƤѪֱ
ʱҶͻȻղҪ˵ʲô˵


1809 Ǿɰɣ
Ҷ˿̣˵ʲô
ʲô˵
Ϊüһ
ʱҶͻȻ̧ͷգҶҹɲ޶ԹҲʲôԹڣһ䣬ҹɲ֮飬һʹлǲУ
Ĭһ˲֮дһУ
ͣ
ʱҶеľֱӴǰӵԴ
գҶ֮УǾɰɣ
䣬һӡ
·ѪŮŮ⣬ֱӳԪˡ˿̵ԪҹôѪŮŮĶ֣
ֻһ˲䣬ԪҹǿֱӱɱԪҹҹȫѹƣĿǰ಻ʮϢ˾ͻʧ
ʱͻȻһУת˲һǿϢͻȻ˳
һĻҶֻս˽
ǿ
ǿ
˻δ֣ǣԷĸоȴΣգǳΣգ
ˣʵһ㶼ȵӮķ
ʱѪŮäŮͻȻҶԡ˿̣ŮɫҲޱȵء
֮УǹϢԽԽǿ󣬾ʱǹϢͻȻͣת˲ҶɻĿ֮УǹϢȻ糱ˮȥ
ʻָƽ
ô£ѪŮüͷ
Ҷҡҡͷ֪
ʱ֮ͻȻһֻֻ֣ڳһ·ԭ֧ŵԪҹʱʧԭء
ˣ
ʱͻȻһ£꣡
ܿ죬ջָƽ
ʲô˼Ҷ˪
ѪŮŮҲ˪֮У˵˪һ
˪һۣȻǺܴ
ô˵Ҷʡ
˪֮ǰ֮ɱǣΪǲ֪ǵڣ֪ǵʵ£ڼƴǾܾˣ
˵⣬˶٣ֵ˲Ҳ˲ԣѡʱˡǴĵطΪ֪ǲ鷳Ҳ鷳ʱǾͿ֮
Ϊʲô鷳ʱԶźŮͻȻ
ԣ˽ǿŮ
Ůһۣôˣ
ʱŮļ򣬡̱¶ˣ
Ů

˪Ҷľϣ鷳ͻ᲻ϣ
鷳ϣ
ҶĬκͻȻЦЦⱲӣµľ鷳˵⣬һڤŮˣȻֻһΣǣ
ѪŮ΢΢ҡͷҲҪæң֮䣬˵Щ
ҶϿڤŮŮͬϿ˵ŮУҶĵλҲǷǳߵġ
ѪŮĻҶһůЦЦã˵Щˡ
˵ţ̧ͷһʣʣһĹĻĻʥǡ
Ƶ𣿡Ҷʡ
ѪŮƣǣñƣ
ΪΣҶ⡣
ѪŮǿֻǷ״̬ƣ뿪빥״̬ʱǾͱ󷨹Ȼǲ壬ǣˣ˿ʥڣҪ˿ɲ١ң󷨣ҲᱻģǶǺܲ
ҶĬϢȻ˭ģ
ʥǳѪŮ
Ҷ˵ͷȻɨһܣ㣬㣬ǰһŪһ̫ã
ѪŮһҶȻ˵ͷã
䣬ڤŮŮֱӽҶΧͬʱŮҶʩչ˽磬˿̵ҶѾ
һĻΧЩǿ߶ʱЩˡ
ȻҶˡ
ǵʵǸ޷ȥϽ磬ҲֻľһˣľǾԲġرЩ޽ǿߣ
һᣡ
ȻЩҶܵǣȴû˸Ҷ֡Ц֮ǰѪŮŮʵǿǿġЩŮˣһǳҹɲ֯ˣλЩŮ˵Ķ֣
û˸Ҷ֣
ѪŮŮҲûйΧЩˣȫˣ
С
Ҷҵֻ
ʱѾһϢ
ҶСɵļϣȻָָԶ
ҶС׵ԴȻߵǹǰңȻ
ʵǲģرǶԷ͵ġԷϳܹһ¥ʱԿƾܹѹ澳ǿߣ
ýһɲͬõ
Ĵˣ벻ϧһдԼʵ
Ҷǰņ̀ͷһҶûб̬
һĻҶüͷ
ʱͻȻǹǰţʼ
һᣬ̧ͷһҶĬã˵ͷ
һĻҶ棬֮꣬󣬷ɡ
Ҷ˵ͷû⣡
ҶӦǹһӰʧԭأת˲Ҷұ֮ϣһϸСǹ
ʱͻȻСӣһϽɲʲô򵥻ɫıڣۣұ嶼һʤ
ôҶЩȡ
˵ͷ֮ǰˣͷ̫ΪԷܲס㣬㵹ǿԣϾֲһ֡ǣԵĻֻ߳
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Ϊȫʧ֮뼫ƣڣʱ㣬һ˶Իɱ㡣
˵⣬˶٣ֵҪףֱۣóԼܷΧҪ۵ģ
Ҷ˵ͷס
˵꣬תҪȥʱСͻȻֱۣȻĿ
ҶС׵Դڲܳȥ棬ΪΣաԺΣˣڴȥ棬òã
ȻЩģС׻ǵ˵ͷ
ҶСףȻ뿪˺
⡣
ҶɨһܣȻһԾıϣţһӣߣȥʥǳ
䣬Ҷһ˳ʥǳȥ
ûзɣߵģ
Ҷ˵ǿ߰и档
ҶûȥЩˣֻҪЩ˲֣ǲ鷳ȥҶԷ鷳ġ
Ҷһʥǳ
汳ϣҶԶĳʥǳǣва
Ĭһ˲һͻȻڳ𣺡£ߣ
һ˲䣬ս


1810 ͶвУ

˵ĻѪŮŮɫʱ
Ȼûˣ
汳ϣҶǰĳĬãȻҲ£
Ǿͽ£д
ʱҶǷһĨЦݣҲ£ǣҲ¡⣬Ҳ⣬б£ȡ
֨
ʱǳĴͻȻ˿ţһŻ۵˳
ҶǰɴͣһҶˣĿҶеǱľ֮ϣĬһ˲̧ͷҶ㹻͸÷⽣츳պҲ⽣ܹȥϽ磡
ҶЦЦ˵ȷʵԣǣ飬ʵңҶĶƾʲôˣ
ӿҶãȻ˵ͷҲǡˣƢġȻҾͲڶ˵ʲôϻˡ
˵꣬תͷɨһܣȻֵλϹҵʵסǡһ֣ҪǣӦòʲô¡ԣλҪ֣ǾȻǴ֣֣ϹҾֻܳ󷨣ȥˣ
󷨣
ԣе˶ʱܵˡ
һҶ뿪ʥǣʱҶ˵ʵֻҪ˭ҵǣ
һʱ䣬˿ʼЩˡ
ǣû˳
ɽۻ
ʱֵȻλϹҾֻܳȥˡ
ʱһͻȻ˳У߿ӣϹ󷨿ɲܳһպҪҵҶǿɾˣ
ϹӿһߣȻԭ½ǰô½ǰеЩѣ
ǰɣ
½ǵϹ֣ⲻǲԣֻ֪һǣɱҶ֮ľĹޡⲻ֪ģҲ֪ģ
ϹЦЦ⣬Ȼֻһǣȴô࣬ԣеѼʹƴ֮Ȼǻһ񡣡
˵⣬˶٣Ȼҵһ취Σ֮ǾٰһᣬǿΪ˭ǿ˭ýȻûлýҲûϵϹԸṩһöӰԪһһö
Ԫ
ϹĻ½ɫЩ
ﵽ澳κ󣬶˵һĹʵû̫ջջģǾܹĶ
ЩʱҲܹˡ
½΢΢ͷϹҹȻǲƴְҾã취У
䣬ĿռͻȻţʮͻȻ˳С
ȫ澳ǿߣ
ϹɨһЩˣת˲һӣɲǼ䣬ʮɫ׵ӡ
ʮ澳ǿߣ
ݣò˵ǼΪֲġҲɽۼ˼ǧ澳ǿߣǧ澳ǿߣûм򣬼ǧеģ
Уʮ澳ǿ߿˲ԶҶˡ
ʱϹͻȻ£˻ǿߣô
ѪŮŮҶ
Ҷͷ˿ԼеľֻҪľȥͿ԰ȫȥԺû˻鷳ǣľܽ
ܽ
ΪԼῴԼңҲΥĽ
Ľ䣡
Ѿ䣬Ƕˣ
ԣ⽣ܽ
Ҷ̧ͷϹ죬⽣⣬б£Լã
ҶĻ˲
ѪŮŮɫƽһҲ⡣ΪǶ֪ҶԸҶһӲġΣ
ҶĻϹɫҲǳƽĶۣҲҶѪƴģǵȻѹҶߣǣҶߵǸǼ򵥻ɫѪƴǾܾ˵ģ
ԣҲϣҶܹѽǣû뵽ѹ£Ҷǲ
Ϲ쿴ҶãȻ˵ͷȻȥɣ
䣬һӣɲǼ䣬ʵĹĻͻȻţһͻȻ׹£ЩĿ꣬ȫҶڤŮŮ
ҶһĨɫҪ֣ʱѪŮͻȻסȻҡҡͷţäŮ
äŮ΢΢ͷȻ建ڿ
𣿡Ҷʡ
ѪŮԶäŮ۵ʱ򣬾Ǵ㣬ݱܷâ
Ҷ
УäŮͣת˲̧ͷţ˵ע£˫ֽ⿪ס۾˿ɲǼ䡪
ɫͻȻ˫֮мת˲ʶɫĹâڸǡͬʱʴһ͡
˿̣ûκһܹۣ
Ҷý˫۶޷۾ǹâһֱ̼գ˸޷ֱӡ
д󾪣
˴˿ܹ۵Ļͻ֣ᷢһ̣ʥϿձ鲼һɫЩɫһݺύи
ЩɫĹ֮ռֱӱиõʥϿճһž޴ޱȵһ֩ľʥǵ󷨣˿ѾʧӰ٣
ʮϢʽָ
˲ԼͬĿäŮ˿̣äŮ˫۽ţϣѪᡣ
ʱѪŮäŮǰȻסֱۣţҶǰȥϢһ£
Ҷ˵ͷȻѪŮյ˺ڡ
ʱԶϹͻȻˡû뵽֮УȻˣƾ֮Ƶʥǵ󷨡ĺ⣡
ҶһϹ죬ȻѪŮ㣬ߣ
ѪŮתͷ˪ڤŮߣȥ֮Ҫ¶棡
ڤŮ˵ʲôʱ˪˵ͷף
˵ţϾŮߣ
䣬һֱӻһӰʱȥ
ڤŮŮЩԥ
ʱѪŮͻȻǾͿ㣡
ѪŮĻڤŮŮûڶȫʳȥ
һԣ½ǼһĻҪ֣Ϲȴס
½ǲĿϹ죬Ϲ쵭Ҷ߾Ϳˡߣ˵Ǻ£
ԣ½㶣Ȼ˵ͷ
ܿ죬ֻʣˣҶѪŮаϾ
ҶϾҲڿ
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼȥ
ϾûоܾʣһĺС
ϾҶѪŮ㣬Ҳ߰ɣ
ѪŮ
ҶҡҡͷҰɣ
ѪŮҶãȻ㡣
˵⣬˶٣ֵˣӦ㣬һΪ㱨𡣡
䣬һֱʧʡ
УֻʣҶһˡ
ʱϹͻȻҶҿҪһʮ
ҶϹ죬ͶвУ
ˣ


1811 ɱ
Ͷ
ҶĻϹ΢΢һΪԼˡ
ʱҶֵͶɱвУ
ϹһۣһΣȷûˡ
Ĭһ˲Ϲ쿴Ҷľߣ
Ϲԣ½˵ʲôȴϹƸֹ
ԶҶ룬Ȼãҽľ
˵ţеľһ᲻ᣬһᱯˣһᡭ
һԵϹҶ˿̣˵ĺЩˡ
ʱҶͻȻһףеľֱӷɵϹǰ
ľӸϹҶֱתʧԭء
˿̣ûκȥҶĿȫϹϣΪǱľѾϹС
Ϲֻдһ˿˷֮ɫȻǷӡ״̬ȷʵһýý
˵⣬뵽ʲôתһۣȻλģϹ첻˵㻰ˡǾͿԾٰᣬȻ֮ǰһ䣬û˲μӱģѡ񲻲μӣھͿɻһöԪȻȫȥ
У˳Ĭˡ
һᣬһ˳ϹҲμӱ䣡
Ϲ΢΢ͷȻһӣһöӨ͸Ĺӳӵǰ
ӶϹ챧˱Ǹл
䣬佫Ȼʧʡ
˵һܿ죬ڶĸˡ
һᣬʮ֮Уʮѡ񲻲μӱ䡣
䣬ȻлľǣǿܻġߵЩˣǶԼʵǷǳģǵʵ޷Ϲǿ߿⡣
ңõľǵʵҲס
ˣǹѡùˡ
õһöԪѾ֪ˣ
Уֻʣʮˡ
Ϲ쿴һʮˣĿ½ϣʱ½ǵϷѾԹöԪ
ԣϹ΢΢һ˵ͷˣ
ԪֻܳöңЧһαһβöѾǼޣԣӵԺԲơ
ϹȻˣڿʼɡΪ飬ԿӮˣڷ飬ȻڶԿ˾ʤΣ
½ǵ˵ͷû
Ҳǵ˵ͷʾû
ܿ죬ʮ˷顣
ϹһӣɲǼ䣬֮С
ս
ȻʥǱԣȻʥǵĿռܼ̣ǣеЩɲ̣Щܲڳ˵
ˣ֮пٳһս
ԣ
ʮ˷飬Ȼʼս
һʱ󣬳ֻʣˡ
ˣѾԶʧˡʣµ뿪ս
ʣµַ飬ȻֿʼսһΣսϾңսҲ
ʱ
ֻʣˡ˷ֱ½ǣϹ죬Լһߡ
ˣѾȫ䡣
ֳЩء
ʱͻȻϹϷǴ޽ҪöԪԴɹһ٣ԡ
ԶϹ΢΢ȻһӣöԪǻߵǰ
߿һϹ죬ȻϹ챧˱ȭл
䣬佫ǰԪȻһʧ֮У
УֻʣϹ½ǡ
Ϲ쿴½ǣ½ʲôҪ𣿻˵ҪҾһս
½ǳĬãȻ̧ͷϹ죬ʵʹӮˣϹҲľģ𣿡
Ϲ쵭½Ϊô˵
½ЦЦûʲô½֣ϷҲҪĿԪ֪ɲԣ
ԣϹ϶ʱ¶ЦݣȻԣ
˵ţһӣöԪ½ǵǰ
½ǽöȻҪȥʱ뵽ʲôͻȻͣһ£ҾеΣҶһЭˡȻղȴô׵ľͽ˳
˵⣬ЦЦû˵ʲôת˲һʧʡ
УϹüͷ
һľУеľϹ˼һᣬ뵽ʲôɫȻ䣬ʱ
ˣ
һͻȻƬս֮쳹
һڳһǿĽֱӽƬս˺ѿ
һ̣Ϲëһ̣һɿֲͻȻϯͬʱ˫ľתһն
Ȼȴķ֣еľȻҲţһǿĽľ֮н俪
֮ǰʵȫѹľڣ޷ѹΪлһǱľ£ΪǱã
ˣò
һ֣ǱֱӾͻһʧС
ʱһѾüλáǣ⽣üһ˲ȴͣΪֻס˽ǰҶ
ı
ʱ˿̣֪һиһı
ҶĿǷֻǣڶҶҲɹˡǿߵ˺ô֮󣬶뿪ˡȻʣˣ
ʱϹǰҶͻȻһĨЦݣת˲ұ֮ϣһӰһ̣Ҷ͵һ
ͣ
Ϲֱֻӱʶϡ
ͣ
ֱϹüһѪʱȪ
˿̣ҶѾϹ
ҶϹ彩ӲãȻ֮ɫãǿĽ
䣬ɫʻɢ
һᣬϹɫʡ
ҶһӣϹԴʱӲϵʬҶս˺ڡ
ʱ·ʥǳͻȻʮǿϢ
Ҷͷһ·ûѡߣһϹԴʥǳſڡת˲־ľǳ͵ؾһն
ˣ
һһɵĽڳһն¡
䣡
һֱӽʥǸն롣
ʱʮ澳ǿ߳ҶԶ
ѾΪʥǣʮɫļΪǿϹԴʱʮбţ
ʱҶʮˣȻָָԼɱ
ԣʮɫѿˡ
ȴ˸Ҷ֣
ûκһ˸Ҷ֣
ҶûйʮˣתȥϹԴȥ
ÿһ϶һЩѪϹԴġ
Ҷܣ޵ϢȻûκһ˸Ҷ֣
˵Ŀ֮УҶһѪܵԴһһųȥ
֡
ټĽֵϣΨѪص


1812 Ԫ
˿ѿĪʥǳϹˣ
ΪҶٵ˳ϹҼԴһҪ뿪
ȻȴʲôҲ
Ҷ
ǲҡ
ΪҪҶǻḶʹĴۡҪ֪ڿɲ֮ǰмʮλ澳ǿߡڣֻʮˡңҪ֪Ҷɲһˣ󣬻ЩֲŮӣ
һ֣ЩŮ֣ϹҿܾҪʧˡ
ϹҲҶ֣еЩȻҶ֡
Ҷʵһ澳ǿ߸Ķ֡ϹＶ澳ǿҲȥҶѪƴҶѪƴӮ϶Ҳ˵ġ
ʱֻ˱ˣ
ң˶֪Ҷһˣ󣬻һȺŮˡ
û˸Ҷ֡
˵Ŀ£Ҷ߳ʥǡ
ʥǳ⣬ҶͣȻһӣϹͷֱӱǳſڵϷ
ת˲ҶתʥǣȻҪҶģʱҶʱ򣡡
䣬һֱʧʡ
ʥǣž
ܿ죬Ҷʥ飬һּΪµٶ˿
һ̣Ҷ֮ɽ˲֪˲ˡ
֮ǰɽҲ֪ҶϾҶϿƽľǣǸʱ˶Ҷ֪٣ֻ֪һеʵš
ڣ˷֣ţеʵкǿǿʵ
Ҷ֪Ϊʥǵ飬ɽǿѾЩˣԼʵһʶʥǳҶնɱοأ
ľãǣã
ûںõĽǸƣ
ǣЩ˲ԸЩˣǶǶԼʵĵġ
Ͼڵ֪Ҷʵ£ҼҶģʵ϶ǷǳǿģȻԷɵˡ
뿪ʥǺҶûϵ˪ŮһطȻ˺

ָ
һʼڣ̫̫࣬رˡҲƣ˼ޡڵҪúϢһ¡
һʱҶѾ׻ָڵҲָ۷塣
ڵ״̬
ƿܣ
֮ǰɱô澳ǿߣȻ˷ѡȻƳĿû澳ǿߵʵҲС
ƿܲһ׵飬һ߿ܣҶ㻨һʱ䡣
ҶһƳ߿ܣ֮ǰģھ澳οܡ
ռʬ廹һЩȴˡΪƿ澳οܣѾڵļޡ
УҶԥ£Ǿ߿ɵʫŮȥ߿ܶİʵôģΪڵʵֻҪӣһ澳ǿ߸׷
ܹ׷Ļǲ˵ԷʵǾԳģʱʮ߿ܿܶûá
ңһ㣬Ǿ߿ʫŮԣһЩ߿ܲһãܹʱ֪ʫŮ״ʫŮΣգܹʱ֪߿ڣҲܹ΢ֵһ£ʱԮ
ûԥҶ߿˳ȥ߿ܵʵһɵʫŮߡ
ɳȥҶһӣϹʬʱǰţһУϹָϴɽʱɵС
һɨҶʱסˡ
Ϊ֣ɽڵĿռô󣬷ǳǧ֮󡣶棬Ҷһ
һ
һа֮ߵĴϣһſžӨ͸Ĺӡ
Ԫ
ҶɨһۣϵԪнʮţ
ʮԪ
ò˵ҶЩġЩӣ˵û̫áǣЩԪ澳Ϲ˵ģ
ˣȻòϣȴ£ˣȻԼҪĶ
ɽ֮лĶЩҶ˵ۡװǶǳ񼶱ģһ㶫Ŀˣ
ҶǿƵ˺ڣȻһĻˡǿȻʼţǿʼҶ㵵Ŀ֮Уǿԭİɣٶɣ

֮⣬ǿϵЩԪҲ˽һңͬʱϣһССĹӣӣСֻĴָС
˵Ԫ
˿̣ҶЩ¡
ʱССͻȻҶԡ
Եʣ
С̫̫࣬ˣãĵرãӦ˵е鶼ã
˵ţǿܹǱܣܹõ󻯵ˣޣСǣкܴܴĺô
СϣСæ˵ͷȻСצһץһֱӱץצУţСһţЩֱӱ˽ȥ
һᣬСצԼĸܿ죬һöֻĴָСɫʯС˳
öϸСɫʯҶС춼סˡ
ʱС׽ǿϸСɫʯݵҶǰ
Ҷöɫʯܿ죬ɫļΪöϾʯ̺֮Ϊľǰõʯپ
֮ǰҪöϵʯܹԼȫָʱҪʱϡڣֻҪһöϾʯͿԲԼ
ʱ䣬ƣ಻ᳬһӣ
ʲô
ζţԺ˽֣õ⣬ֻҪ˽֣һöϾʯܹԴԴϵĻָֻҪܹԴԴϵ޸壬ʩչǿĽ
ˣҶЩˣ
ѹסеļҶСףСף⣬ܹ٣
СգգۣȻ̯Сצʼ
ģҶЦЩСˡΪϾʯͨʯ졣˵еࡣղܹ֮ôΪڸղ֮ǰѾȻЩѹ
˵СһϾʯҪʱ䣬⻹̰棬רϾʯ¡̰ͬ棬Ҫ²ĳһţ
£
Ȼ̫̫ˣ
뵽⣬ҶСףȻЦСףܲܰҶһ㣿һ㣿
СգգۣȻ˵ͷСԴҶʱСͻȻСצȻʼ


Ҷ


1813 ڤԨ

ò˵СԽԽˡ
ҶС׵СԴȻЦ˵ɣʲô
СһЦȻֻСצٻ
һᣬҶС׵ˡ
С׵ܼ򵥣Ǿڵ÷ȥ档
һֱҶΪ˰ȫûС׳Ϊ֪ԼʲôʱΣգС棬һͻȻΣգʱСǼΣյģ
Ҷ׼ܾȻСϣʱˡ
ҶС׵СԴȻȥԣӦ£㡭һͷһû˵ʲô°
СһЦȻҶ˲ҶĶͷʾʲô鶼Ӧ
ҶҡͷһЦȻȥ棬ԡǣҪǴܣ̽ûɣ
СգգۣȻ˵СԴ
ҶֵиǾǣ֮㲻
ڵСױǰǿǵƤˣرڵѧ˸ָĽҶʵе
Ϊ˳ȥ棬СûκԥæСԴʾͬ⣡
ҶЦЦûѡ뿪һ˵ڡ
УŮ밲Ͼ
ʱϾڿŮ
ҶĿҲŮϣ˿̵Ů˫۽գȫɢ޵ǿϢ
ҶŮȥʱϾͻȻסСģ
Ҷô
ϾҪһɵķΧһɷΧڣǿ֮Σգ
֮
ҶתͷŮŮġΪ⣬ɺܶණڻǰ׺ͷ͵ʲôĸÿֲˣ
׺ͷ˭
ҶЩˡϧǣ˿̵ŮǰĻпܣ
ջ˼ҶϾҪȥ𣿡
Ͼ΢΢ҡͷ˵⣬˶٣ֵã
ҶЦҲôã
ʵ츳ϾڤŮŮЩģ֮ڵĳɾͣҪΪҡرңԸ
Ͼһֱ԰Ͼ츳Ǿһǳֲ顣
˵һ£
ϾԽǿԽã
Ҷ밲ϾһһäŮǰ
˿̣äŮɫ֮ǰѾ̫ˡȻǺĹ͡
ҶһäŮȻ㣬ڸоΣ
֪֮ǰäŮʱľǾ޴ģȻѪŮҲäŮ͵ˡ
äŮ΢΢ҡͷ޴󰭡ܲһ㡣˵⣬˶٣ֵҪ֪Ȼ㽫д鷳
ҶЦ㲻ˣ
ԣäŮ΢΢һ漴ǷһĨ΢ɲĻȡϢ΢΢ҡͷСӡ֮һȰ磬ĸӡӵ˵ǵġԣܲ¶Ļñ¶
Ҷ˵ͷף
飬֮ˣǾԲκ֪ġΪһñ֪ĻⱲӶ밲ˣ
Ӧ˵ʮ
ʱģ˹ߣܻϽЩܣ
֮ʱǵ߳ȻĲ
ѪŮһҶϵСףȻЦߣǳȥ
䣬ҶֱСʧԭء
ʵУҶɨһܣȻóһŴ飬һᣬǰĿռ
ϢҶСʧԭء
ɽȻֻһɽǣɽǷǳģɽΪģĴ⣬ԲڵķΧһƵɽ
ЩɽǼΣյġ
ΪУžϹߣҲֹߣ
ˣһˣЩɽ
Ҷûô࣬˿̵ֱӽããɽ֮СҲûĿŵǽԼϢ
ϣС˷֮ɫ⿴ǿ
ܿ죬Ҷһɽ֮ͣһͣѪŮŮͳǰ
ҶѪŮŮɫһɡ
֮ǰǻǷǳĵģϾҶԵǿʮλ澳ǿߣôǿߣȫڣҲ򲻹ġҶȴѡһȥԣ
ڣҶƽ£
ѪŮ㻹ðɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȶֻǣ֪ҪòŻã
ѪŮ΢΢ҡͷҲ֪ûϵֻҪȶͺá˵⣬ҶһΣСʮȥ㣬˰⣬м£Ǿǣϣܹһ£
˵꣬뵽ʲôȻֵǲΪҪȥġ
ҶЦˡҴûôġô룬ҾͲˡ
ѪŮǣǷǳεġΪ֪ѪŮǲġǶεĻϣܾûεˣ
ѪŮҶãȻЦˣ
Ҷ˵ɣȥæʲô
ѪŮһ磡
磿
ҶǲȥɽĽɣ
ѪŮҡҡͷǸ磬ڵʵʹľҲƲˡҪƵǸ磬һ㣬ҲǺܼ򵥣ǽƲˣ
Ҷ΢飬⻹򵥣ѪŮäŮǵʵǿǶƲ˵Ľ磬ü֪жֲˡ
ʱѪŮֵǸط˾ĵĵطǣǵطµĽ硣Ǹ磬ǵʵ޷ƳҲֻ㣬׼ȷ˵ǱǱлܹƵ
ľ
ҶһľУò˵ĿǰΪֹûʲôľƵģ
ľȷʵǿǿ
ѪŮǸط˾ĵһγֵĵطԣǱҪȥҲֻȥǸطſ֪ȥϽ磬ȥ
Ҷڤ˶ˣֻǣ
ѪŮҲˡûһҲǺߺǾͺϵˣ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ㣬ѰڤǰεֻΪ֪䣿
ѪŮĬˡ
Ҷû£㲻˵ҾͲˡ߰ɣ
ʱѪŮǲԸ㣬Ǹ㣬ûκεĺôʱˣȻͻ֪ˡ
ҶЦãǸʲôط
ѪŮתԶĬúȻڤԨɽĽ֮أ


1814 껨
ڤԨɽĽ֮أҶüʡ
ѪŮ˵ͷɽкܶܶΣյĵطǣΣյĵطֻУڤԨеһط߽ȥǣߣҲûг
ҶڤԨڤǰεŪĵط
ѪŮ΢΢ͷ˾ĵסĵط
ôҶ
˾ģ
Ҷֹһ֣Ҳ֪Էʵ϶Ƿǳǿġǣû뵽Էǿ̶ֳȡԷסĵطڳΪɽĽ֮ء
Ҫ֪ɽ˶ʲôˣģϹＶǿߡ
ܹЩ˰Ϊ֮أ˾ĵöôֲ
ջ˼Ҷ߰ɣ
ʱ˪ͻȻɣ
˿˪
˪΢΢һЦûб˼ǾãǱطһӪңҲҪ˽ɽϾ۸ӣҪ֪֪ˣǾأ
ѪŮ룬Ȼ˵ͷ˵ҲԡǶȻ֪һЩǣ֪ޡ˵⣬˪ֻǣΣգ㡭
˪Ц£ҪɱˣҶɲҡңҲĿŵط
ѪŮ˵ʲôʱҶͻȻ㣬ɣ
˪ǷǳεġŮˣʵǿ̸Ǹߵס
̣
뵽⣬ҶͻȻ뵽һˣѪŮ㣬Ƕҩиһ
ҩ
ΪŮӣȻûǣ
ѪŮҲи֮Լ뿪ˡ
Լ뿪Ҷü
ѪŮ΢΢ͷҲ֪ҪʲôǣһŮӣҲһǻ۵ŮӣԣӦòµġϾû֪Ĺϵ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵
ʱѪŮͻȻһԵԹŮԼŮŮӰŮбŮԼŮ
Ů΢΢ͷ
ѪŮҶ߰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻѪŮԼŮڤŮʧԭء
УŮͻȻ˪Ҫʲô
˪΢΢һЦҪɶˡ˵⣬Ůˣһʱ֯ͽУӾô
Ů
ããɽ֮УҶ㼲УϣСסѪŮˣѾ˺֮СŮܵȥˣ
Դ֪ҶиҺŮֱڲˣ
һ·ϣҶܵǿϢãʲô¶ûΪýԼС׳ӶԷǰȻԷֲ
Ҳ£һΣĿڤԨ
ʱҶϵСͻȻֻСצҶĲӣȻʹ
ͣ£
ǽҶͣ£
ҶͣСףʱСͻȻСצָұߣУ˷֮ɫ

Ǳб
ϤСԸҶȻ֪СǷʲô
Ҷ룬Ȼǵȥһط
СգգۣȻָָǱߣ˷뼤֮ɫ
ܺõı
С˵Ǳкܺõı
Ҷ˵ʱСͻȻܵ˺ڣܿ죬˳צ֮УһöԪСצָָұߣȻָָצеԪһı顣
Ҷ
ǱߵıԪҪúܶܶ࣡
СҪ˼
ҶЩԥˡ֮ԥΪһкñĵطΣյġرɽΣգǾԲһΣգ
ʱСͻȻСצһ̯һöϾʯצУţСצݵҶǰһֻСצȴָұߡȻ˵ȥǱߣ㣡
ҶЩЦãС׵СԴȻãǹȥǣΣգǾ뿪òá
ʵҲܺ棬ǱߵʲôȻõС˵˷ܼ
Ҫ֪С׵۹ߵģ٣ԪС׾Ͳ
ҶҪȥС׶ʱסҶգȻԴʹ˲ҶĶͷţҶ־ұ߷ȥ
ҶСױ˼ϣͬʱжһطΣޱȣСһ㡣ǱҲֻǺ棬ûһҪõȻܹõǸˡ
ܿ죬С׵ָ£ҶСһɽ֮С
ɽɽγɣмݵأܣžһƬ
УҶɨһܣܣûκϢžޱȣ
е㲻Ծ
ʱСͻȻָָ
Ҷ̧ͷԶǹһƬⶼ벻СҲеĳ
ܲԾ
˿̣ҶѾ⡣Щʱ򣬶ԽãҲΣԽ
ʱҶͻȻתͷ˹ȿڴ֪ʱһˡ
澳ǿߣ
ɨһܣǹԥһ£Ȼһȥ
Ȼܽ䱸ʱ׼ų֡
Ҷע£ǻ˽һƬڰ֮С
ϢһЦͻȻд˳껨û뵽طȻд˵
֮У˷뼤һ˿
УҶüͷ껨ʲô⣿
ʱͻȻ𣬡СӣǸöܺõĶԵĻŪ֣
ȷʵǸöʱҲ
Ҷ˵ʱ

һҽͻȻɽ֮쳹𣬵ת˲Ȼֹ
ֵĿ죬ȥҲ죡
ɽ֮У»ָƽ
ҶϣСգգۣȻֻСצ鲻ԽץסҶļ
УҶע£ͻȻƬڰ֮ͻȻɫҺ壡
Ѫ
Ѫ
ҶǸطãȻڣʣղ˵ǸöǾʲô
ֲľ֮УһľΪһ壬ʱľǿߣǺô̫̫ࣻ껨˻꣬ǿݼҵʲô߳˲֪ٱô˻Ȼ֮У꽫ļλ£ʱǿʩչ깥Ǻκβ㣡
˵⣬˶٣ֵҪ˹ĿԸ壬ڹؼʱ̾ô˵ʹ㱻龭౻飬⣬ڷ£ǲֱӿԴﵽڶأѪ
Ѫ
Ҷһ˵ֻҪõǱʵһʵı仯
ʱҶͻȻʼƬڰ֮ƶ
Ҷɫ˲ˣ
Ϊûжǣڶ
䣡
⾳Ҷϯһ̣⾳ֱӱѹڣ
Ҷд󾪣æϵ䣬Ȼһ̣ûκλӦ
Ҷд󺧣æתһ̣ȥˡ
Ҫ߶ǣȻûκηӦ
Ҷɫˡ
һжͽͣ
ҶֻԼƬڰȥ


1815 Ҷʦ֣
ҶϣСգգۣæסҶǣôö
һ̣С׶켱ˣ
ҶС׽һƬڰ֮С
˿̵ҶѾ
Ĭš
֪Լο϶ˡ
ʱңûһá
Ҷ̧ͷȥɽڽ£ԶһŸߴʮɵڣϣʮ䴿ɫĻ䣬ǻǳףѩ۶ɣ
Щ֮£һööȭͷĹӡͨɫԵЩޣ
£һӡ
ǵͷģˣҶûݡ
ҶһӣȻǣ
̧ͷҶ˿̣Ҷ˶ԷӡӴԼʮ꣬ģɫƽûа
ʱӵҪ𣿡
ҶһǿȻҪ
΢΢ͷҪˣˡܻһ⣡
Ҷ˵˵
ӿҶϢȻԲǸ˲šҵĿĺܼ򵥣Ҫ뿪ܰﵽ𣿡
ҶɨһܣȻǺף
ʱӻվվһ̣ͻȻضɽҡɲǼ䣬ΧɽһţϸߵĹɽ˼ȫӵϡ
һ̣紩һɫ£
ͬʱӵĽͻȻһɫԲȦǸԲȦתţһӿһһĸӣ
ӿҶ𣿡
Ҷʲô
ӵһ󷨣һר˵󷨡
Ҷ£ʵԶңǣ㶼ƿ󷨣𣿡
ͻȻҶеĽ㲻ܣǣ⽣ԣ
ľ
Ҷϵô˽
΢΢ͷϵá˾ĽϽ֮ˣ˲ʶ
Ͻ磡
Ҷһݣû뵽ǰ˾ȻϽˡҲǣҲֻϽ˲˿ֲʵɡ
Ҷ˭ڴ˵أ
΢΢ҡͷ˵ˣҲʶԣ˵ҲաֻҪƵġ
ƲأҶʡ
ǾͰɣ
ӵϣǣҲϣܶرһЩˡԣ𣿡
ҶЦЦòûѡˡ
иѡ񣡡ӵѡɱҡ
ɱ
ҶҡҡͷͷǰӣԷչֳʵԱȵǺȹŮӻǿġȻھͲ֪ˡΪǺȹŮӵʵָԷһһǿڣԷǿʲô̶ȣҲ֪
ܵ˵ǰӣ϶ܹԿġ
ĬúҶеľת˲ϢͻȻٽӾһն
ͣ
һƳգȻ˲ǰЩɫ˿ϡ

һ𻨶ʱ˸
Ϣӵͷ˿Щɫ˿߲ûжϣȴһۡһĻжһ˿仯
̧ͷҶ˾Ľ󷨶ܹ𻵡
Ҷһӣٴξ˽Ȼ͵һն¡
Ҷһһն£ҶϻӶ£ϵЩɫ˿ԽԽ٣ӽµǸɫȦҲԽԽ
ҶϣڱϣǴ˿̣ûʲôѡھԵʵǰκζġҶЩǣ䣬кΪʲôͻȻ
ǰǼɵ
ҲɵˣǣǾԲˡԣ仹кͻȻ϶бʲôԭ
ʱȻûʱȥ⡣
һһ
ڣڴԼʱҶһն£Щɫ˿ȫʧˡ
գҶ˵һԣȻӡͬʱֽ˽еĽԷڣȻԴСӣûһս֮
иƣѵʱã
Զһڽˡڽˡ
꣡
ҶƤһһȻ꣡ǲ֪Ǳ˭ģ
ʱӿҶ֪˭𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ӵһŵ۵ߣ
ߣ
Ҷʱסˣ
û뵽ǰһȻǱ߸ġ
ʱֵֻһƷ֪˭
ҶһӣȻΪʲô㣿
ӵΪɶȻҾˡ֮ãպķʵԭΪһġΪϽΥ棬Υˣǣûɱң
ΪʲôҶʡ
ӵ֪˵⣬ҶϸܵϢʲôϵ
Ҷûлش𣬶Ƿʣȥ𣿡
𣿡
㶣ȻЦЦһƷܹӡңܹ𣿡
ҶЦҲǣ
ʱһӣǿʱƮҶǰ˵㻰ˡ
ҶһӣȻǿлˡ
ЦЦҸл㣬㣬Ҳ֪Ҫã
Ҷ˿еľȻΪʲôܹƳ磿
쿴һҶеľΪڲǳ֮ɽľ֮꣬Լ֮顣κ󷨣Ҫġԣʲô󷨣ʲô磬ֻҪγɵģ޷˽
ԭˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷѹ⽣ʱ˽磡
ʱֵһ󷨣Գһ壬󷨣⽣ܾƵ㱾ʵǿڼ⽣ǻǿƵġ
ҶЦʵǿҪ˽ԣ𣿡
Ҳǣ
Ҷû˵ʲô˱ȭ£һ£ȸˡ
˵꣬תһʧ˲Զ
ҶʧϵЦݽʧˡҶȥķãȻаɱ⣬Ȼܹʹǽգ
䣬ĬãɨһܣȻ̧ͷʣؾǵˣܹܿˣ
£ֱʧԭء
һʧģɽ
ɽϢ֮ȫޣ

Ҷ뿪̼֮ӿٶȣɳ˲ǧʱͻȻ𣺡Сӣ֪˭
Ҷ˵ʱ𣺡ϸ˵ͬһܵýʦ֡
Ҷ


1816 Ѫ
ʦ֣
Ҷ˺һᣬȻǵߵͽܣ԰ǵ
˭˵ʦͽܣСӣʦǻʦʦܵģ
ʦʦܣ
Ҷʦʦһģ
пܣΪϣǸܵ˵Ϣ֮ǰ֮Ϊ¶Էܵǡ֮ԳȥҲˡ֣ȻǣһϢϽ磬ʱСӾ鷳ȥˣ
ԭˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻ˵ʦʲôʦʦ岻ϣ
֪ǣ
ǿǺܺϵģǣô˵أ֮һͳ⣬ԺܻϽһ⡣֮СӻǾǿɣȻʱһĳЩʦһܹȵ㣡
Ҷ̧ͷһɽɽֱ֮У֮ϣͨϽ磡
ҲǴǧ棡
ǧ棬ߴĵطԻ
ڵʵ˵ȥЩˣǺȹŮ֮ǰӣԲˣ
ղţԷɱģͻȻԷ϶Ҫɱ㡣ֻ֪ʲôԭˡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷѾоˡ
֮ǰӶͺģǿʵԷѾɱġֻǣһҲ֪ԷΪʲôˣ
ʱôСӣطСĵɣӴǧ棬Լ⣬ϽЩڵʵȻѾǿǣҪ˱ȣЩȣɻԶˣ
Ҷ˵ͷղŵ飬Լʵһµʶ
ǺǿǶһֵˣЩһ澳ǿߡЩȷʵǿΪѾɱһЩ澳ǿߡǣղӣͻ
ʵ
ʵ
ҶһȻ֣ǹӣܹҲﵽڶأ
ԣ
ʱ˵Ǻ䣬⣬ܹﵽڶأܹһ㡮Ѫǿ⣬Ͻ磬壬ֻϵһӵУ
ҶãԼ껨
ãΪѾǿԳǣ껨ڲãĻ뾫ܲסǡǿãᱻɶ
һ˵û
ͻȻ껨ٵ澳βǿáСӣ֪ʵļ򲻴Ӧ׵ģ
Ҷ˵ͷЩļˡǾȷɣʮʮŶã
ϱ
ʱͻȻСӣ֮еǾ󲻵ġңĵڶأҲҪôţ㹻ˡģպԳ̵أȥ廻ı
Ҷã
˵ţɨһܣ׼ͻȻ˼ϵСף˿̵СףЩƲ֡
ҶС׵Դôˣ
С̧ͷҶȻСצʼСצĻ裬оۼ·һ̾Ҫꡣ
ܿ죬ҶС׵˼ˡ
СΣΪҶȥǸطҶȥ˺Σա
ҶЦЦȻС׵Դûϵ㿴ǲǵõ˱𣿡

С˲ʧˡСצһӣһСצУȻһֻСצָָָָԼ·˵вУ
Ҷԥ£Ҫ˵ʱС𣬡£֮еȻǿ˺Ӧ˵ֻҪ壬˲
ԣҶûԥС׵Դ԰ɡ
СһЦȻҧһת˲˫ԲţͻȻޡһҧǿ˳ţֱӽӶҶĻȻ˺ڣ
Ҷ
һᣬҶеĹӣԥ£Ҳҧһڣڵһ̣Ҷ˫ҲԲȻСһ㣬ֱ˳
࣡
ǳĿ࣡
ҶδԹôĶѹСײϲԣ˵Сףˣ
СӣСһﲻ֪ڷʲô쮣ʱͻȻ
Ҷ㶣Ȼæ˺СʱҶɫʱ
˿̣Сľ׷ǿ
ҲǵģˣΣգҲǻᷴġȻҷСףҲûйˣֻѡܣ
һԣôš
ȻֹС׵ģǣҰСڣڲܵĴڡ϶ã϶һƤҲЩ
Сףȫµģ
ָͻȻǰȻ㡰
Сײǣľϣǻ۵ģ˵ˣ˭֪СһĿɽ˵ڣҲ϶С컹ҶܹסСף
УҶסСףҶСգգۣȻеľݸҶţСצָָԶ˵
ҶߣľȻΪʲôҪ
СָָȻָָԼͣ˵̫ѳˣ
һĻԶһۣǺҡҡͷ˼ûԣԼˣòóԣҪ˼ҡԵ
ʱСͻȻ˺䣬һȻæɫʹ޳㿳
ԣС׶ʱһЦ
ԣ濴һۺ䣬Ȼҡҡͷ㣡
䣺
ԶҶ˵С׵ԴòóԾҪ˼ң
Сգգۣ˵
ҶС׵Դ֪
С۾գѽգΪʲô
ҶԴЩʹǣǿʼ͡С棬ûжڴĸǰûнԣŻЩõΪ
֮ǰҶûʶڣʶˡԣúýһСףڣԺҪúСףȻСһԺҪ죡
ԼһӺСͻȻԶȻСצ˻ӣ¶һС
Ǹ
С׵Ǹķʽ
ԶȻЩСס
ʱССצһӣһɼ侫ֱסһᣬʼӽСף
ˣ
СתͷҶȻһЦ˵ˣ
ҶҡͷЦЦûڹСܻöڡ
ǰöҶһȻһš
Ѫ


1817 ˣ
һ£һɿɬжʱҶֿɬУʵ̫ˡ
˿̣ЩСΪʲôҪýܻˣ
Ϊе񿳶Էˣ
˳ڣӽڵһ˲̺Ŀֲʱɢ˿
ܿ죬ЩѸٱգ
ҶĲһһΣûа㲻ĸо෴
ܿ죬Ҷ֣Щڷĳֱ仯
תĿھЩʱҶ˺
ԣҶæתȻЩ
أ
ҶȫһȫΪ˻ҽ
һԣԭڹۿҶѪŮŮʱסˡܿ죬ѪŮäŮԼϾָŮڤŮ΢΢ЩȻҲָܿ
УŮ֣ҶͻȻһ˿˿ɫ⣬ЩһϸСҶš
һҪǿˣʱŮͻȻ
ڤŮ΢΢ͷһֱǿ
Ҷǿǣͬǿ˵ʱҶĳһʱڣֱĽǿ
Ů΢΢ҡͷһһ¥Ժһ澳ǿߣɱˣ
ڤŮͬص˵ͷҶѾǿˡһ¥ʱҶĻֲܿΪҪ֪ҶǻиֲĵطǾǻָ
ָϱ̬Ǿ˵جΣ
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ԶɫҲȻҲû뵽ҶȻǿֵز
ԶҶ˿ԼȭͷȻһ

˿̣оԼ޾սۣʣӿֲʱѹ澳ǿߣ
ԣڵѾܹѹһ澳ǿˣ
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ԭҶΪԼܹסǽȻ
ͣ
ֱӴֱۡ
Ѫֱ
Ҷֱסˡ


1818 أ
ˣ
Ʒˣ
ҶЩˡڵķʱεȵĿֲȻľȻô׾ٵƿķ
ǳ
ΪľȻǣ֮ǰľҪ֮ǰķҲô׵ġȻڣľȻô׾ٵľķ
ʱҶǰС㶣ȻۡһţֻСצľһΡ
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ľһѪʱ˳
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С׿˿ԼצеľȻֿ˿Ҷ۾գѽգ޹
ʱҶͻȻԼֱֱۣϵ˿ڣ˿ۿɼٶڻָţϢʱ䣬˿ڱǳ׻ָˣ
ҶСףСգգۣȻóһСצ۾ֿҶֱۣû˿ڡʱСͻȻľҪҶֱۣҶæ˻ɲľˡ
⽣еаţ
ʱҶԣǲǺܺ棬⽣Ϊʲôܹ׵ķ
Ҷ˵ͷ
֪Ϊʲô⽣𣿡
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Ϊ塣սΣͷʹġΪ˿壬뵱ʱܴ⽣רŶԸġ๦˵Ǹ߼幦ס
ԭˣ
ҶЦЦû뵽⽣רģղˡ
ʱֵСӣҪסһ㡣ûоԵķˣǿķҲжܹƿԣ㲻ͣһͣͻʧңһѵʶԼˣǻġ𣿡
Ҷ˼ãȻź䱧˱ȭܽˣ˵ղеˡһͣͻԴ󣬶ԴĽ
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ΪҵԵʣҶ
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⾫죬ԵʣĹ͡ѾΪһ壬书ЧҲЧ˵ָֻ
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أ
ҶЩˡȻ޽ҲϲȭͷĸоҲǳǳˬ
ʱСӣѾϢԣպ˴磬ܻкܴ鷳顣֮⣬壬ԣģ֪壬ȴ幦ͬкܴ鷳֮ȥͻһ鷳
ҶҡͷһЦڴ鷳Ҳȥ
ڣҲ֪ܶ飬޷ӱܣֻȥԡ
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ʵУҶɨһܣ۴ããɽһһֱ߾ͷ
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1819 ү
²˭
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ҶԼ侲ûж֣ǵ¶н𣿡
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Ҷͫ΢΢һӿת˲ٽǰһ̡
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俴һҶĿҶǰ˿ҶǰѾϣĺӡӡҶƤŪİȥǣҶƤûбƿ෴˿ǵӡǣۿɼٶȻָš
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ǣɳȥһ˲һѪǰ׷˳ȥ
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СŮûйֱϵ˿ڣ̧ͷԶҶң
Զ˿ҶıɻЩŤʹģ
ղûзúӲ˶Էһò˵ٶǷǳðյġãӲס˶ԷĹǣҲܡ
Ϊܹоĺ滹棬Ѿѿֻ
ҶһȻǺȹСŮаϧղðַʽϵԷһֻ֣Ȼе͹ԷӦˣ
ԷûиᣬƿԷƤԷֱ֣ǿĽϣ֮ԷɳôԶ˶Է
Ҷ룬ȻΪʲôҪɱң
СŮʵֲ̫ûĻѾԷɵˡԷ̫ˣ
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䣬ֱʧԭء
һĻҶƤһҽ͵һա
أ
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һɲǣ
ӳ⾳һɲǡһֵһ̣ǧڵĿռֱӱ̺ѿ
ΧĿռ䣬֩״
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һӴбһ
ʱͻȻǺɫȦ֮г⼸ֱӽǹȦ˺ѿһ̣ȦƾճգɫȦٴνҶǼɣ
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һը쳹һ̣ڤɽɽĿռ俪ʼҲһ㣬ޱȡ
ԼһӺһӰͻȻʵ˳ȥһɣ˽ǧɣ
ӰҶ
Ҷɳȥʽƽ
ԶҶͣǻһĨѪĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷԶǺȹСŮ˿̣СŮΧƯɫСȦСȦСŮΧƮţУɢһϢ
ʱСŮͻȻôҼܰˣ
Ҷɫ˲䲻ˡܰСŮô˵ġҲղСŮĽ֮УȷʵǴڱġһΣĽȻԷѹˣ
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ⶼûããһսûܵʲôʵԵ˺Ӧ˵ʲôصˣҲõĲˣ
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СŮ˭
Ҷüͷ
ʱСŮͻȻָһ㣬һ㣬ԵһɫȦֱӳҶͷʱһͻȻǿĽ֮ռ䶼׵˺ѿǣӴǺɫȦʱĽȴͣת˲佣ֱʧ
ҶһĨɫָһ㣬һƻָƻ˲佫ǹȦת˲ֱӱƻճޣ

𲻴
ʱСŮͻȻöͦģҲ㿴ҵĺö
£һʱһöӡһͷɫСĽָС
ҶҪ֣ʱѪŮͻȻԡҶסҪ˵ʱҶ㵵Ŀ֮УѪŮͻȻСŮ΢΢һ
Ҷ


1820 ڤ
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ô£
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ʱѪŮڤΣ
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ѪŮʧˣ
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ʱҶͻȻѪŮ㣬Ҳڤģ
ѪŮ΢΢ͷڤػߣλڵ֮£ҲֻеſͬʱҲڤĽ̹٣Ҳõָ㣬Сʱˡ
ڤػߣڤ̹١
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ʱѪŮֵʵһʼҾЩˡȷΪһʼʹõڤѾʧġڤֻеػ߻ᡣҲֻʱһΡ
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а
ԼһӺڤɽͻȻ


1821 ǿߣ
ڤԨ
ڽڤԨ֮ҶʱоԼʧȥģԼٶ׹š
Ҷɨһܣ˿̣оõɽڲš
СһЩʱѪŮͻȻ
Ҷ˵һԵڤͻȻģƤˤģ
Ҷ
ʱѪŮɫͻȻһ䣬Сģ
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Ԩ֮Уһը쳹
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˿̣ҶܣЩѾȫʧǣɫޱȵء
ΪЩǱŪʧģƾʧġ
ʲô⣿Ҷʡ
ѪŮ΢΢ҡͷ֪˵⣬üͷŮԽطǣʱûЩ
ŮҶЩȡ
ѪŮ˵ͷý㣬Ȼ󶨵㴫ͣΪ͵Եʣֻܶ㴫Լ棬һ磬Ǹ磬ΧԣֻȥѰİ
ԭ
ʱڤͻȻҾ;е㲻Ծǣһ£ʲôҲû֡
û֣ѪŮŮڤηֵĻǾ׶༪ˡ
ȥɣäŮ
˵˵ͷȻʼ׹䡣
Լ˰ʱ˵Ľˡ
ܣһƬԿ塣
ʱڤͻȻһӣɲǼ䣬ΧЩʱתܿ죬ЩϿջƮȥһʧ˵С
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ȻǰããһƬʲôҲ
ҶѪŮʱѪŮ磬˴ڽ硣
磡
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ѪŮäŮҲڤΡ
ڳ֮УʵǿľڤΡ
ڤοǰãȻҡҡͷõģƲˡ
˵⣬ͻȻҶǽǻ𣬻ԣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˿Լеľһ̣ľǰ͵ؾһ̡
䣡
һըͻȻڳ쳹ţΧռһ·һ¡
ܿ죬ΧָƽǰããһƬʲô
ǣҶľ⴦ȴһϸСĽңĿռ𴦵Ŀռ䲻̫һĿռЩ͸
ȻЧ
һĻѪŮϷһĨЦݡ
ҶѪŮѪŮ
Ҷ˵ͷȻתڵţٽٴγǰһ̡
Ҷһһʹ£еĿռԽԽˡ
Լ˽һʱ
䣡
һըͻȻڳ쳹ըҶֱӱһǿ˳ȥǣΧĿռͻȻ
һᣬΧĿռ俪ʼָʱһų֮ߵĹ˵С

סˡ
СһЩʱѪŮͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷطԽòԾˡ˵֮ǰ˵ѪĻͷߣطģ
ʹڣҲЩз
ʱԶǿŹͻȻ
Ҷ˽еĽʱ䱸š
Сӣ򵥣ʱҶ˺
ҶǰҲ֪򵥰ܲ˵˵ﲻ򵥣
СӣҾ㴳ˡ
Ҷߣң
û㣡
ʱͻȻ𣬡Сӣ磬Ĵˡ
Ҷ
ʱԶǿŴ֮ϣһ֦ͻȻٶȼ죬쵽Ҷûп֦Ĺ켣
֦һ̣ڤͻȻָһһɫȦֶ
䣡
һըͻȻڳ쳹ҶѪŮ㵵Ŀ֮УڤξȻٶɣ
һĻҶͷ亹˲
ڤʲôڣҲ֪ʲôڣǱĴڡȻԷȻˣ
ڣе׺˼ˡ
ҶһԵѪŮäŮҲסˡȻҲû뵽ڤξȻᱻˣ
Զڤ̧ͷǿһ̣һӣһ޴ĺɫȦֶһ̣ǵɫȦֱӳǿͷת˲һɼֲĺɫк
ʱһֱ֦ӺǵɫȦ֮ϡ
䣡
˵Ŀ֮УǵɫȦֱӺȻըѣ
ҶƤһߵѪŮԣȻ㣬Ҫȳɣ
ѪŮһҶȻҡҡͷ黹ûŪףߡ˵⣬˶٣ֵߡѾܹⲻȥˡڣƣûҪˡ
ҶЦЦߣ̫ûˡ
ʱһͻȻǹ֮е󣬻ʮЩĿ꣬ȫڤΣ
һĻڤɫʱһӣɲǼ䣬ʮɫȦֱ֮ϡ
ڤ
ʱҶԵѪŮͻȻڤ֮УΪʧʧû뵽ֿˡ
ڤ
ҶڤΣԷɫȦղſԹ˿ͷңԷɫȦĽɱⶼѹס˵ġ
УڤͻȻֽճȭȻһȭ
ɲǼ䣬ЩɫȦһһЩ֦תȥЩɫȦֱ֮ӽռ˺ѳһȦޱȡ
䡭
УһЩըֱӽΧĿռطһ
ܿ죬ռָƽ
ЩѲǣЩɫȦҲʧӰ١
һĻҶʱһô޵УȻѪŮŮɾΣˡ
СӣڿȻҲ߲ˣ
ʱҶ
뿪
ҶҡҡͷƽĶۣ뿪ģǣ뿪
϶ǲܵģ
뿪ԼῴԼ
ջ˼ҶԶڤΣҲתϣڱϡ
Զڤɫ˿ҲȻҲܵΣա
ʱԶǿŹͻȻҲĲƬضʼڲ·˵һ㡣
ܿ죬Ҷ˵Ŀ֮УǿŹͻȻʼԽԽСԽԽСһӺֱСʮţһߴɵ˳Ҷ˵ǰ
䣡
һɼֲϢϯԶҶֱӱϢسˡ
СӣһѴﵽﰡ
ʱҶ˺Щ


1822 Ų

ҶסˡҲ澳֮ϡǣ˵粻ǿ
ǰô£
ʱͻȻǰ̤һһ̤һֱϵ
أ
һڳͻأ𡣽ţڤֱӱǧɿ⣡
˾Ҫٴγ֣ʱһѪâͻȻƿռ䣬ǰת˲һǿϢϯϢĳ֣ǵѪâֱʧӰ٣·ûгֹ
һĻѪŮɫʱ˵ʵ
ʱҶѪŮǰ㣬СģһѾˡ

ѪŮü˵ʱԶͻȻʧԭء
һ̣Ҷɫʱ䡣
ת˲˽Ǹܵһɼֲѹѹֱõ˶޷
Ҷûж룬һתľ⣬Щֺϵǹѹʱ࣬ǣһѾǰ
Ҷͫ΢ٽһ
ͣ
أ
Ҷֱӱǧɿ⣬Ȼԭλãȴǵһ֦
䣡
ѪŮŮ˿ҲˡŮ֮£ǹѹֱӱ飬ٴλָƽ
Ů˲ԶҶ׼ȷ˵ǿеľ
ʱڤε˵ķ㻹ǿԸ˭ǿ
Ҷ
һԣѪŮͻȻĽľƿķ
ҶЦЦҲ֪ԼľƿԷķ򲻹Է
ʱͻȻ
һĻҶɫʱˡת˲һͻȻǰĿռ˳ҶҲľһ£һΣý֣ͬʱֱϳһͷõӰ

ˣ˿ʵԣֱս
˿̣ﵽǿ
һ¡
ͣ
ѪŮ˵Ŀ֮УֱӺȻѣľм׹¡ҶȴҲ˳ȥֻ˲ɵľͣ
һ̣һ֮ǰ׵ĳǰ
쵽˼£ûзӦ
أ
⧲֮£Ҷֱӱ˳ȥһɣ˽ǧɣͣ˫Ŵŵɲͣ
ǰһĹ֣˫Ŵġ
Զ˾Ҫ֣ʱҶͻȻ˫֣֣Ͷ
Ů
Զ˶˶٣ȻҲû뵽ҶͻȻ㡣
ʱҶͻȻ֣⣬ûж⣬ֻ˵ġ
Ȼô˵ǣҶлǰ䱸ʱ׼֡
һԵѪŮŮҲˡ
ͻȻ
һᣬͻȻڣû࣡
˵
һĻҶʱһһǿԹͨġԹͨͼˡ
룬ҶҵˣںܶܶǰһŮˣ֪𣿡
ԶͻȻĬ˺һᣬͻȻ
һĻҶƤһһ﷢ʲô裿
Ůˣ
ʱͻȻһŭ𣬽ţֻ͵ضҶһ䡣
󡭡
ɲǼ䣬籩һ㳯Ҷ˵ȥ
ˣ
ҶЩ£ʵ벻ףôͻȻ֣
ѪŮäŮҪ֣ʱڤͻȻŮǰţ˫ֳǰһ̽ȻһһǰͻȻһɫԲ
һ̣ɫԲͻȻըѿ
䡭
ɲǼ䣬ɫԲֶ֮ЩɫһһĳЩȥȻЩɫвûпЩȴЩ赲˿С
ڤοѪŮŮɱڣߣ
ѪŮĬãȻǸһ֪飬Ȼ㡣˵ţڤΣν̹٣ѵ㲻֪𣿡
ڤγĬˡ
Ȼ֪˾ĵ飬Ϊ˾Ľ󣬾ҲûгȥꡣԭΪԷ棬ڣԷû
ȻûǶԷȥ
ʱڤοѪŮһ֡˵ֿ꣬һԵҶĽ
䣬ֱʧԭءɲǼ䣬ͻȻһ˫˫ĺɫӡ
ڤ
ѪŮҲûԥһһѪâ˳˹ȥԵäŮҲǴһɿֲƳ˳˹ȥ
УʣҶ
ԭأҶĬϢҽһ棬ֱӻһ⳯˱ȥ
˻вɾʱͻȻһ̣һֱӴҶǰĵ˳Ҷһæٽһն£
ͣ
ǸֱӱһΪǣҶȴҲֱӱ˳ȥշɳȥһ˲һ׵ĳǰ
Ҷͫ΢һΣûڵս˫סеľȻٽǰһն¡
䣡
һ£ǰǸֱӺȻѡǣҶȴǱǿֱǧɿ⡣
ͣҶһѪŮһۡѪŮŮ״ʱĶʱȥ
ѪŮŮֻǿֿ˵Щǣ޷ʲôʵԵ˺
Ůֻܱķڤεżܹǣ˵ķʵھˣˣķҲûʲô̫壡
ܼȥ
Ҷ̧ͷˣһֱ̣ʧԭء
Ųһ˲ɱ
ת˲Ҷ˵ǰͬʱҶеľ˵ü䡣
ͻȻ
ǰˣҶһڽˡ
ȻʱͻȻ𣬡ССģ
£ͻȻˡȭֱӺҶĸλá
أ
Ҷһȭֱӹ嵹ɵǧ⣡
ͣҶ̧ͷˣǲ֮ɫղһǴ˶ԷԴġǣ˾Ȼ֣
ǲĵطʱڤͻȻ
Ҷһ˵ü䣬ȻյʲôҲûС
һĻҶɫʱѿһװ˷ˡ
ʱͻȻһ̣һǿϢֱס
ܵһĻҶӶʱһ顣Ҫˣ
ҶһȻеľȥ
ƣ
ƣ
Զԭ׼ֵͻȻӲܿ죬ʼˡ
һĻҶ㶣ȻһϲԼˣ
ûж룬ľȥһΣͷų˽ɱ⡣
ԶԽԽ죬иźεη֮ɫ
һ̣ҶıͦĸֱˣͬʱߵҲԽˡ
ҶѪŮäŮǵ֮ɫȻȴ֣ѪŮڤβûпڿڤУҲǴŨŨɵ֮ɫ
ҶͣͻȻ֣е㲻Ծ
ա
ʱͻȻ˽Ų
Ҷ


1823 Һ㣡
Ų
ò˵˿̵ҶЩëȻˡϢ
ȻʹڣҲûиܵԷ
ͬʱ˿̵Ҳף˲ηηˡ
˭
Ҷתˡ
󣬲֪ʱһŽϽɫȹŮӣȹӺܳѾڵ֮ϡȹ׺Щ䡣
䣬Ҷպʶ
˰
Сҵ١ʱپó˰
Ůӵ䣬һɫ˿˿ŮӵϸõŮĿΪϸ
ҶŮӵŮӵһߣһߡΪߣҶûпԷò
˿̣ŮҲͣ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻǣ
Ůû˵ԶǸˣһֳ̣ǰһ̽Ҷ˾㵵Ŀ֮УǸͷͻȻһɫȦת˲ɫȦֱǸ˵ϡ
һ˲䣬Ǹֱӱԭأ
ûл֮
һ̣ɫˡ
Ҷæϵĺ棬Ȼ˿̵ķ֣һûӦˡ䣬˿Ҳ׳ȥ
ҶĶʱȥ
ʱŮͻȻԶһ̣һӣռͻȻһãţһŮһεŮӳҶС
ѪŮŮӣЩȡ
ҶҲЩȣľΪû뵽ڤʹҲˡ
ʹҶ΢΢ͷȻ˳Ůӡ
˿̣˶Ůӡ
ȻŮȴǿҶ
ҶƤһŮҪʲôʱŮͻȻǰ
Ҷɫһ䣬Ҫ뿪ԭأȻŮӵһֻȴѾļϡһ˲䣬Ҷʱ޷ˡ
ʱһԵѪŮäŮҪ֣ŮȴһӣɲǼ䣬һεĽֱӽѪŮäŮŮǵ綼˿
ԶʹͻȻָһ㣬һֶָת˲ֱӴһɴ۵ĳâŮӵǰ
ʱŮͻȻ֡һ㣬һ㣬ǳâʱɢţʹֱӱָסˡ
һĻʹɫ˲
ʱŮָһ㣬Ǳֱӻһâʧָ⡣ٴγʱѾʹüλáʱʹµͻȻ˰ɣȻ⣬Ǳ߻ǵü䣡
ʹٴ˰ɣȻǱ߻ǵü䡣
һᣬʹûڳˡŮӣǺˣ
ŮûлشתͷһŮӡ
ʱŮͻȻ˫̧ȻһɲǼ䣬ŮҶΧĿռʱ˿̣ΧĿռڵˮһ㣬ͬʱһɹɼܡ
̹ǣ
Ǵ˿Ҷĸо
ʱŮҽͻȻһ塣
ɲǼ䣬ԭĿռͻȻƽȥ
һĻԶŮ˫۶ʱ΢һ̣һһöƳУӿ
ڤ
öڤڤ
Ĳӿ룬еöͻȻҲת˲ֳǰһףöֱӳ˿Уһ̣һвֶ
ЩβһһسŮӼȥ
Щ̺֮ĿֲҶƣ澳ǿ߿¶Խһ˶
ҶԣŮ̧ͷЩ΢΢ͻȻһ̧һ̧ͷĿռֱͬʱЩٶһ˲
֮ǰЩǿ쵽£ڣЩ£
ʱŮӵָͻȻסһһ̣һ
䣡
һֱӺȻѣţһУڤֱУһ̣ڤת˲ڤŮӻδع±ǵü䡣
Ů˲佩ӲҶ
Ů
ò˵˿̣е𺳶ѾԸӡ
رҶ
˿̵Ѿȫ޷ΪŮӵְļϣֻ֣һأ޷һ̶׵ĳȥ
ûлӦҲ׳ȥ
ζʲô
ζǰŮ˷ǳΣգǲұ¶ԼҲǱ岻ŮˣǴ˿̵ǣ϶Ů˵Ķ֡
Щص㣬صŮһֻѹһֶֻԵС˵Ůӣղһֻ־ͻ˳гڤ֮ˣ
ʹʵǷǳģһ澳ǿ߸Ķ֣Ҫ֪ܹǹߺȹŮӽֵġǴ˿̣ԷȻŮǰ޻֮
Ůλ
ʱŮӿ˳ΨһûбܵڤΡ
ڤ俴Ůӣһֱ̣ʧԭأת˲Ůǰһ˫ڽӡ
ڤ
ʱŮͻȻָǰһ㡣
һ㣬ǰĿռֱӷһˮһ㡣ƣǰ𵴶ȥ
䣡
һըͻȻڳ쳹˵Ŀ֮УŮǰĿռ֮УͻȻһӰЩӰڤεġ
˿̣ڤЩӰԼٶʧš
ܿ죬һӰʧˡ
أ
ʱһӰǿռ֮е˳ȥӰڤΣ
ˣ
һԣѪŮŮɫû뵽ڤεڤôǿȥˣ
ŮŮӣŮ˾˭
ʱڤͻȻڿն𣬽ţͻȻһɫȦЩȦԽԽ࣬һϢʱѾϰٸ
һ̣˫ֳŮӸһ㡣
쬡
Ȧʱһ߳ŮӱȥЩȦ֮ռ䶼ֱӱиһȦޱȡ
ʱŮͻȻǰһ㣬һ㣬ǰĿռֱŤŤģЩȦͬʱЩȦǰɷΧЩȦûܹĿռи
෴ЩȦĿռŪǿŤ
ʱŮͻȻһɨôһɨǰĿռֱӻָ
ȻЩɫȦȴǹڻɢϢʱ䣬йȦȫϢʧˡ
ʱŮͻȻڤһ㣬
䡣
һɫȦֱӳڤεϣɫȦֵһ̣ڤֱӽӲǸһ㣬޷
סڤ֮ŮתͷҶʱҶλλ㣬Ҿãܽ⣬빵ͨǽΨһ;أ
ʱŮͻȻҺ㣡
Ҷ


1824 
Լ
˿̵Ҷסˡ
ŮҶ
ʱŮͻȻҡҡͷԣ㲻ǣ
Ҷ
ŮͻȻָҶü䣬һ㣬Ҷ˫ͻȻԲΪʲôɨȫͬʱ֣׳ȥһ̣ܲˡ
ϢŮͻȻջ֡ҶãȻһٱӲıˡڣˣѾң
ıˣ
Ҷ΢΢һȻʲôˣ
Ůɨ켣ÿһ켣켣ˡ
Ҷǰ˼˼һעóΪʲô𣿡
Ҳ
Ů΢΢ҡͷͨԲԼʵﵽһ̶ȺͿԿԼˣȻıԼԭˡǣı䣬ֻǸıԭ˵Ĺ켣ıԭĹ켣µĹ켣ҵ˼𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ˼ǣʵûиıˣֻǴһȦȦһȦȦ
˼
Ůӵһ˵ˡˣһǿˡ
ǿˣҶüͷʲô˼
ŮתͷһѪŮŮһʼҲǱǿˡ
ѪŮŮüͷ̫Ů˵ġ
ʱŮӿҶνǿˣȸ㰲źһ켣Ȼֻ켣ߡٸӣͺñľżôᣬֻôǿˡ
˵⣬һҶȻҲһľż
Ҷüͷ˼˵˸Ұź·ȻҾֻܰնԷ·ߣ
Ůӵ˵ͷǣԴǿת˹켣ˣ»ص׼ȷ˵㣬һľżǣһʱ㣬һˣӵԼˡ
һʱңҶֱŮӣ˼ǣֲˣ
ŮӿҶãȻڵ㣬մȾĹ켣ѿ͸Ҳǵˣģˣ
ҶĬ
㲻ţŮͻȻ
ҶҡҡͷţΪûƭҡһ⡣ɱʲôˣ
һΣŮӳĬˡ
ҶЦЦҲʲôˣҲ֪ʲôˡֻ֪ʲô켣ˣߣȥıһеģ𣿡
ŮӵУ˶ʤ죬𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷҲʤ죬ǣһŬŬʤһ졣ԣǸҪȥʲô˲˵ģҪǲȥǿϳԽԼ
ŮӳĬãȻ˵ͷ˵Ķԡǿߣˡ·һ㶼ߡ
ߣҲߣҶ
Ůӵףˣ
ʱҶ뵽ʲôֵ֮ǰ˵Ϊı˹켣ˣ
Ů΢΢ҡͷ֪ˣǿǳǿرһ˵⣬ҡҡͷû˵ȥ
Ҷ˵ͷûʲôˡΪ֪ʳһûκ塣Ů˶˵ǿ˵ǾԲܹԿġ
ҶһŮӣȻֵ˭
ŮûлشתͷԶǸˣ֪ʲôǧĴ֮ꡣ
֮꣡
Ҷ㶣Ȼתͷǿˣ֮ꣿ
Ů΢΢ͷ֮޷ΪǴ֮꣬д֮ӳֱԣֺ
ҵĽķҶͻȻ
ŮӿһҶеľȻ⽣ͬѰķ֣
˵꣬ŮתͷѪŮˣǺ֪˭𣿡
˵ţֻԼ߽
òһ̣Ůֱ˫Բܿ죬ŮŮ
һ̣Ҷסˣ
˾ģ
ǰŮӾȻڤǰε˾ģ
Ҷ𾪵ͬʱҲǰһΪŮ˶ûж⡣˵ǰȫġͬʱҲпܶһɽ
ŮǱҶˣҶûпԷò뿴һ¶ԷòʱԷȴǽ´
ⲻҵı壡ʱ˾ͻȻ
Ǳ壡
Ů̧ͷ˾ģд֮ɫΪǿǰ˾ģʲô壬ɾ۶ɵĻ
ʱ˾ֵǿңҵͶӰͶӰǴﵽ֮󣬾ҵ˼ˡ
˵ţɨһѪŮŮһۣ֮ҵͶӰΪ֪һҡ
ʱѪŮͻȻΪҵȽ󣡡
⣬ҶЩˡӦ˵ЩˡȻѪŮŮ˾ģ֪䡣
˾΢΢ͷʵҾ͸øǵģǣߵ̫ôꡣڣҲǸ֪ʱˣ
ʲôࣿʱҶͻȻһ䡣
ԶѪŮУһμǿհ׵ġǶμ䣬ʲôûСǲܻƬ䣬Ǿֹֻ澳ˡʣһˣԼܡȥ
հ׵ģҶüͷʲôԭ򣿡
ѪŮڤ˾ģӦ֪
˾ĳĬƬ̺Ȼ꣬Ϊ˻øǿҾԼļ۳ɼӣȻЩֲи̥СЩ̥ɳǻŸֲͬҲŸֲͬĸԼ׵ʵʱһἤЩӣȻǣǵĲͬԼʵ

һ̣еѪŮŮֱӴԭأ
ӣоȻ˾ĵļӡⲻص㣬صǣ𾴵ڤȻΪǲǣ
߸
˾ĵĻֱӵ߸ǵһУ
ѪŮŮ˿ҶҲЩˡҲû뵽龹Ȼ
ʱ˾ֵһ쳤һǿұǸˡȻҸıԼԭ⣡
ΪʲôѪŮʡ
˾ĿѪŮ˷ǲľ飿Ǹңһ쿴ǳ󣬵Ҫʱȴ֣ǲұҪġԣҷˡǣʱû뵽һ㣬Ǿǣ¼飬Ӱ쵽ǵķչ
˵⣬˶٣ֵʱΪһЩ飬Ѿ޷ȥϵԣֻͶӰڣΪȡеļ֮ǾԼҪκϰ
гĬ
ѪŮŮ˿ǸӵģޱȸӵġϣȻʧڡָоݡ
ʱ˾ͻȻҶСӣҲмӣ
ԣҶʱסôܣ


1825 ҹۣ
ӣ
ԼҲмӣ
ҶȫŵģΪûмȱʧСڣļ䡣
ʱ˾ĵԭУǣöӣѾݻ٣
ݻ٣Ҷüͷʲô˼
˾ĵ֮ǰ˵Ϊ˹켣һǷżеǸˣǸˣҪﵽʲôĿģڶΪٵӵˣˣ»صԼĹ켣ڵҿ͸
Ҷ˫ֻ
˾ƭΪԷûƭҲ˵Ϊı˹켣ôˣ˾˭
ʱ˾ͻȻѪŮŮҴһת˹ͿöԶʧ
䡣ָһ㣬׹ֱûŮü䡣
ţ彥
һĻѪŮŮһ
˾ĵͶӰѾҲʧˡ˵ţԶǸˣ˵أΪˣҪΪƣ˵жҪΪ
䣬õͻȻһУǲϵĽɫȦʱʧˡ
ţһԵڤΣСΣڣָɣȥκ顣˵ţһѪŮŮһۣҲǣ
˵꣬ԽԽˡ
ʱһԵҶͻȻʵǰ˵ˣ˭˵㣿
˾ĿһҶһһýˣ
£峹ɢ˿С
һýˣ
Ҷüͷ˭
ٴΰ
ã
˿̵ѪŮŮãˡڴ֮ǰ˾ģڣԸԳˡǣȴȫһ
󣬸úȥδӣ
ãһԵŮͻȻҲô룬ǣҲ뿪ڤһڤڤΪǧǿ
䣬һֱʧʡ
ʱʹͻȻҶ֣Ҫȥ磿
Ҷ˵ͷ磬϶Ҫȥġ
ʹ΢΢һЦʱһ𣡡
ҶЦȫԣ
ʹɽӡɶЩӣҪȻȥһ½ɳǵ飬ԣȸˡ
˵ţתȥʱ뵽ʲôֵ֣ͣǱϽĽע鷳ϡҵõϢɽкüǿѾʼѰ㣬أ
˵꣬һֱʧ˳С
ʹߺҶڤΣأûҪʲô
ڤοһҶûУ
ԣҶ룬ȻǸ벻ȥ翴
ΪʲôҪȥ磿ڤʡ
ҶΪиߵиǿߣҲ档
棿ڤε
Ҷæ˵ͷǳ棬磬ô࣬϶氡ҪҪһȥҲи鰡
ڤοһҶѪŮ˵𣿡
Ҷ
ѪŮ룬ȻӦúܺġȻ֪ҶͼʲôҶ޷ڤߣһǿ߰
ѪŮĻڤ룬ȻҶôȥ
ҶָָԶʣûиɽȥ
ڤοһɽķ򣬺ܿ죬ɫޱȥ
ΪΣҶ⡣
ڤεǱΣյĶΣգҲֹһ
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ΣյĶ
ڤεʵ˵ĿǰڤŮ֮ǿһľȻȴѾܹǿߡ˵½죬ӦǺܹвġ
Ȼȴ˵ǱкΣյĶ
ûɽ֮ǰҶԼѾ޵ˡǣط֣ˣһһǿһһֲʵȫ
ʱڤֵҪȥ棬ģ
Ҷû£ʱкܶȥʱʵΣգܾͿˡô
ڤ룬ȻѾȥˣ𣿡
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ڤ΢΢ͷȥ飬ʱ㡣
˵꣬һʧԭء
ԣҶǶʱһĨЦݣڤεʵǷǳֲģļ룬˵һ¡
ৣ
ʱԶǿͻȻ
һĻҶѪŮŮɫʱһ䡣ܿ죬ɫΪڻû档
Ҫߣ
ҶĬƽĶۣŪģȻźǿĽ䱸֮ģӦ˵ǵӡ£ֻ֣鷳ˡ
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Σգ
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ĿҶϣȻţѹЩ»У
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΢΢ͷҾҹɲ죬Ƕҹۣ
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΢΢ҡͷǰҪΪɱˣβǽҹɲɽڶ֮Уǰ嶼㲻ϣǣʹǰЩҲۼӡ
˵⣬ҶȻһΣҹɲȴΪ㣬ΪɽЦ裬ҪѪϴˢġ㣬ЩŮˣ
䣬ָҶ˵λһ㡣
䣡
ҶΧĿռһת˲
䣡
ΧĿռֱӺȻռֱӽҶسˣʱһǿֱסҶˡ
ţҶ˫ԲΪоԼȻһҪѿ
䣡
ʱ⾳ͻȻҶڳ⾳֣ҶʱоһɣʱԶҹͻȻָһ㣬Ե֮
£ҶµĴͻȻһţһصĵɫͻȻԵص׳Ȼֱ˵ϡ
һ̣Ҳ޷
ǲ
ʱһڳ쳹
ѵ
ҶֱӹѿѪĽ
Զҹ۵֪ԼжôС
ʱҶͻȻһŭת˲һصͻȻܡ

һ̣ҶٴʩչδʩչĽ


1826 Ѫ죡

Ѿܾúܾûʩչ֮Բʩչûãδաңܵң̫׵ʱ½
Ϊʱ뽣ֻǵͼǸʱȥ׷еøԶˡԣʱֱȥ׷󽣵ı뽣⣡
ʩչ򣬻һԭ
ǾýԵУһǳǳΣյ飬һԷԶġԳܶԷʱҪĴ۾
һУġ
ڣòˣ
һ̣һصʱܣɲǼ䣬Ҷĸ֪˲˿̣һֻϵĺܹܵ
ѹ
Ҷ뿪ýʼѹҹ۵ҲЧģһ֣ϵʱʧ
Զҹüͷ򡭡Ⱑ
䣡
ʱԶ֮ͻȻһըת˲Ҷ̧ͷҹۡ
˿̣Ѿҹ۵ȫĨ
һ̣ҶͻȻ͡һʧԭأת˲ҶѾҹ۵ǰ
ҹü䴦һ㺮֣

ʱҹͻȻƣĴâ˸
أ
ƸһӴ˶ʱԳű˴˵ĺˣҶ˲ʮɺýԼǿͣҹȴ˲ʮɡ
һΣҶýռϷ硣
ȻҶķ˿Ѿڿʼס
ۣ
κˣڶԿʱҪش۵ģ
Զҹ۴һҶȻЦǡ֮⾳ǿôࡣϧʵȣ̫࣬⡮֮ҲȲ㡣
£ָҶһ㡣
ͣ
һâָ⼤âٶȣ쵽˼£ʹҶҲ޷۾Ĺ켣ȻâҶǰʮʱâٶԽԽˡ
âҶǰһ̣âѾ
ѹ
ѹһУ
һĻҹ˫۶ʱ΢֮Уһ˿ء
Ȼû뵽ԼȻѹˣ
ԶҶһ̧ͷҹۣת˲ֱʧԭء
Ųһɲǣ
Ųһɲǣٶȵļ£Ҳļ¡ڣڽʩչһУе˲֪١
ȻʹһУߵĺڷ˲ͱѩףѩ
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Σգ
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ʱҹͻȻת
£ҹͻȻһɫСɫгֵһ̣ҶľС
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Ҷҹȴԭ˿
֮У
ʱҶͻȻ˫סľȻ͵һ
أ
һըҹֱӱɿ⡣
ȻһҹۣǴ˿̣ҶԺͷѾѩס
ڣڽҹ۶Կҹ۵ʵ̫̫࣬ýԿԷȻýѹ˶ԷǣÿһΣĴ۾
ܼȥ
һΣԷĵĲ
ԶҹתҶһ˼꣬ҲԽսǿߡδҲᱻԽսһ졣ò˵ָоĺܲã
䣬˫֣ǰȻƮ
˫ֵƮҶܵĿռͻȻͬһ
򣡡
ʱҶͻȻڳһ̣ԭ𵴵Ŀռ佥ƽȥ
𣡡
ҹͻȻ£ԭƽȥĿռͻȻٴͬʱһɹɿֲͻȻ˳Щֺ·ĴͻȻʼҲȻ󲻶ϱ
ԶҶһĨҽ͵һ壬𣡡
䡣
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ڵĿռֱӱ𡣳УһƬ֮СԼ˵Ⲣûʲô̫Ӱ졣
һϢ󣬳пռָ
Ҷ棬ҹҶһֽ̣ճȭȻҶվһȭ
ͣ
һֻȭͷͻȻҹ۵ǰת˲ֻȭͷҶȥ
ֻȭͷֺҹǰĿռֱŤرֻȭͷ֮Ŀռ䣬ǸֱӳΪ黨״
ֻȭͷԽԽˡ
ҶǰһλʱٶѾ
Ҷֱҹۣ飡
£еĿռһת˲ֻȭͷֱӺȻըѿȻޣ·δֹ
˿̣ҶͷͷҲѾѩס
ԶҹۿҶãȻһμò˵⽣ڣڵ㣬൱޵еģϧֻڷ޵Сڹ棬ƺôңĿǰԶԶԣڱɣ𣿡
ҹ۶棬Ҷûлشҹ۵ĻѪŮäŮߡ
ҹԣڵʵκβҹۣҹ۵ʵȻû֮ǰ˾ĵʵǿǣԷҲٱҪǿࡣ
˵κβöԷԷֻǶʱκβ
ȥǶý
УѪŮäŮĬϢһ̣ѪŮͻȻסäŮ֣һֻȴǿסԼĲӡ
һĻõóҶҹ۽һ㶡
ѪŮڸʲô
ʱҶɫһ䣬ΪѪŮָѾƤ
Ҷæ㣬ʲô
ѪŮû˵
ѪŮѪԽԽࡣ
һԣäŮ۽ȴˮ
ҶҪ˵ʱäŮ˵ͷţѪŮ˿
ܿ죬ѪŮäŮҶǰѪŮҶԴȻúûţ
ҶҪ˵ʱäŮͻȻסҶͬʱһֱûУ⧲֮£Ҷֱӱ˹ȥ
äŮѪŮû˵ֻ۽ǲ
ߣѪŮ
£ͻȻѪ
äŮѪŮһᣬȻתһʧʡ
ҹۿһäŮҶȻѪŮҿҪʲôסң
ѪŮһǰ̤һһصͻȻܡ
Ѫ
ܵѪҹ˫۶ʱҲ򣬲ԡⲻĳһﵽºݱα򣬲ҲΪѵˡ
ʱѪŮһȻ˫ۻѪѪ죡
䣬ͻȻһɹɿǿͻȻڲ
һĻҹɫһ䣬ˣȻҪԱΪСӣԼޣֵ𣿡
ʱѪŮ۾ҹۣҶ㣡
䡣
䣡
ѪŮֱըѿɲǼ䣬ԲڵĿռֱӱѪ


1827 ʹ׹ħ
䡭
еĿռ֮Уһը
Щը˽ʱͣ
ֹȥʱеЩѪɢָ
ֻʣһˡ
ˣҹۡ˿̣ҹɫЩѿ
ȣ
ʱҹһţǻһĨѪ
һᣬҹۻ֣֮УһĴָѪ飬ԴѪ顭
Ƭ̧֮ͷʣҶϣԶ˺ˡ
䣬䳯ǰ̤һһֱ̤ʧԭء

֪˶ãҶӻ֮˹
۴һڵɽԣֻһˣäŮ
äŮԵһԲʯ֮ϣĬ
ˡäŮͻȻ
ҶʹҡҡԴȻäŮأ
äŮĬˡ
Ҷû˵ҪߣʱäŮͻȻȥ𣿡
Ҷͣ˽Ų
äŮߵǰڵ㣬ҹ۵Ķ֡ƾҲá
Ҷ˫ۣäŮĻȻ̶ȴʵ
ãҶǧ棬ǿ澳ǿߣҹҲ澳ΣΪʵһǿôࣿ
äŮΪ澳βļޡЩ˴ﵽ澳κǻͻԼֻǲھͻԼˡΪܵƣҪطͻƵûĻ죡
ҶäŮ˵ȥ
äŮֵǻӳĸȥͻԼԿռգգԷգ⾳գյȵȡ
˵⣬Ҷ֮Աͨ澳ǿΪǶԸԶԶͨ澳ǿߣԣȻͬǣȴͬ
ͬ費ͬ
ҶĬˡ˵澳Σǣʵȴر
äŮֵʵҹۣӦ˵澳Σ׼ǿߣ
׼Ҷü
äŮ΢΢ͷ˼˵Ȼǣʵܹ⡣ڣ澳Σ֮Ĳ࣬һ㣬ʹӵҲɱġ
˵⣬äŮԲʯ֮ϣȻֵǵö˵Ļ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
úûţ
ѪŮ˵Ļ
äŮֵ֪ԸȻǲܵġǣôӦңҪ𣬵аյ²ȥ𡣲Ҫȥװ𣿡
ҶߵäŮǰȻԲ𡣡ѪŮ
äŮ̧ͷҶʱҸ˵ȻҲĻشˡ££ǶԼѡúûžͿˡ
˵꣬ŶȥߵʱͣȻֵϢһ£Ȼȥ˪ǻϡ
䣬ûֱͣ߳ɽ
УҶ
˿̣Ѿֱܹܵӽ˺սǳǰ
֮ǰΪλҶʡ
ڻСֻܹһЩʵرǿ˸ӦҹۣԷʵѾﵽļޣʵָ档ԣǣΪһöԷ֪ʱ鷳ȥˡ
Ҷ˵ͷĻȻ׵ġһ¶ʱͲһ׼ǿˡ
Сӣ֪ж˰ɣʱͻȻ
Ҷ䣬Сӣ磬ҪĶࡣǣ곤Ҳ࣬˵䲻ģڵʵĺǱڣҪɱ㣬пܶòϣ
Ҷǰ˵ʲô
ǵʵ
Ҷ
СӣҲڸ㿪Цڼʶģ඼ֻȥϽ磬ͻָ֣ᷢǿжֲľҲ״̬֪жֲ𣿡
Ҷ˿еľȻԸ꣡
ǳ֮֮꣬һһ档ȻҪֽ֮ҲǿС㣬֮һһ½ǿģ
ʱҲСӣӴģǵ͵Ǽֲġֻ죬ܲ׺ɣָһĴܣϽ繷
˵⣬ͣ£Ȼֵ֮ڸЩΪҪȥϽˡǵǰ֪Ͻһʲô硣Уǵûʽʱж͵Ͷ͵
ҶҡҡͷڲϽ磬ֻŪǸҹۣԣŪҹɲ֯
ˣܵУ
Ҷֱ棬ǲ㱨Ҷˡ
ô
Ҷ˿еľȻǿ˵ţ䣬λϽ磬ʵ϶Զҹۣ֪ҲҶ࣬Ҳ϶зұǿ𣿡
һۣ󣬺Сӣֱǿʽһ֣ҿԴһЩ˵̼ǱܣʱӾ谭ֱ澳ΡǣΪ۾ǣһֹֻ澳ΣʦǿΪܸ뾭ǣȻ
Ҷ˵˵ڶ֣
ڶ֣ǾѧϰطҪѧϰطͱӵѪ㡭
У
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţһҶԶ
ߣ
ҶСӣڣֻѧϰһ鲢أǣӵѪʱȥϽ磬鷳ܴܴһ֪Ѫ㽫ܵǿ׷ɱˣһѪ㽫ԶΪĵˣ
ΪΣҶü
࣬ı죡
ԣҶüͷĸˡ
ʱСӣ˵Ҳûֻԣѧ벻ѧԼ
˵ʱͻȻ֪˼վĶ档ǣҪģ˵ģ壬塣ߣڵʵûǿϽ綼ϲȥ
Ĭˡ
һԣͻȻСӣ˵ĶеһѧϰĹʱ֮У֮ءԣԼѡɣ
УҶĬãȻֻҪܹ㱨𣬱˵ҶħҶϧ

һ̾Ϣʧ˳С


1828 һ򷨣

Ҷ˵ֻҪܹʵʲôԡ
ˣǺˣֶǻˣ磬뻵ˣǿ˵㣡
ֻҪҶʵǿ˵Щ⣬⡣ʵǿܲȥǧ棬һ⣡
㲻ڣʱͻȻ
Ҷ䣬һڣ
΢΢ͷãڣҸһѪ֮УȻǵ۽ѪǣѪҲͣһѪĿǰ˵ȫˡ
˵ţһѪͻȻüֶҶǰ
ѪСĴָУѪƣ̺һɾ
࣬ȻѪ֮УסҪֿ
ҶûԥֱӽǵѪࡣѪ֮ҶʱʼҲţѪֱըѿȻ˳೯ȫ֫ٺɢȥ
ų⣡
ҶѪҺܵų⣬ǣҶĿ£ԼѪҺų⣬ͬʱסѪҺںĵ£һᣬѪҺ˵ѪҺں
Ҫ򵥵Ķ࣡ڣѡ֮УΪϵϵѡһ֣
ֶѡҶ
΢΢ͷһҵ㣬һ㶼򵥡ڵѾļޣҪٴĿѾСңǿ塣
ѧϰҶ
ҡҡͷѧϰôԼҹܹ֮ѹ㣬ΪԸĲٿأԶԶ㡣ԿռĲٿأܹռṹı䣬ıɶ״Ȼ㡣ǣֻ顣ı봴죬ҪƻѵĶģ
˵⣬ҶǵĲ࣬ǣѾܹƻܹı䡣ı򣬸ı⾳ıռ䣬ııأǡȻı
Ҷ˵ͷҸô
ʱһʯͷƮҶǰ
ҶĿ䣬ʯͷȫ򣬵ǣҪʯͷ飡
ôܣҶüͷ
ʱǺԴͻȻײǿʯͷ֮ϡ
أ
һڳΧĿռһȻǿʯͷȴ˿ȱ
俴ҶΪʲôܣСΪõĿԼǿڵǵѪܹúԼ㿿ԼͿԻɱҹ۵ģһǵѪұҹ۶սҪɱоͿˡȫһоͿɻɱ
Ҷ棬΢΢ͷû㡣Сӣʵ֮ǰҲ֪⡣ǣҲóˣҲЩϾ壬ʽȫͬ䲻ͬϽĵλɲ֮ͣİɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ䣬ǸҲûǰ
ұǵжԹϵ㲻ңҲȻѧĹڿʼͱҵġ㿳Լ֣㶼Ȼͣ
Ҷһá
䣬ԼǰȭͷȻһȭ
䣡
ʯͷըѿһʯм
ֱȱΪֹ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ҷʼ񹥻ʯͷһһһΡ
Զ㲻
΢΢ҡͷ֪ȱʲôе㸡ꡣȻսܹܿһ˵ʵǣȥҲ޵ġھҪԼȻȥߣ˵ģԼ̣
תͷ䣬ΪʲôӦ
俴ԶҶûΪʲô
濴һۺ䣬û˵
С
ҶһһεȭͷʯͷȻһһεʧˡһʼЩˡܿ죬Լ侲
˼
ûȥʯͷ˼˼βܹȭͷʯͷϣʯͷ顣
Ҷ졣
ڣֶˡ
һȭȭͷֱӺǰǿʯͷϡ
䣡
еĿռһȻǿʯͷֱըѿȻҶȴǴһ˿Ц⣬Ϊʯͷըѿ󣬲ûлޡ
һ̣Щˡ
Ŀƣ
ʯͷǴڿռ֮еģȭͷںʱֱռ֮УԿռкһĽǿռ䣬ǿʯͷ
ˣҶͻȻðһ뷨
һ̣жһţеĽֱӴǰǿʯͷ֮ϡ
أ
ʯͷһѿȻֻǹѣûѿ
һĻԶĺһۣ󣬺һʺ
Ҷûȭͷý
ÿһγþȫһʼʯͷѣǣھµķϰºÿһʯͷϣʯͷܹ
Ҷûֹͣǿʼýɱӳ֣һʼһȥ˵ʯͷǿռ䶼̳һ
̫ǿ
ǣûзǼ
˲һºҶüӳ⾳Ľܹʯʯˡ
Ȼûн
ڣҶʼǿһҲһɲǡ
һǿһһ̳ǿʯͷֱӱеޡ

һһ¡ڣʹʩչǿһǿʯͷҲûˡ
ҶŽ˷ܵ˺ǰȻǰһѾɣǣи⣬Ǿǣһʲôã
俴Ҷûʲôã
ҶһǰڿЦɣ
㿴𣿡
һ̣Ҷ뿳ˡ
ʱһУ˵ûʲôáǣһоͺáҪһУͱûһС
ʲôУҶʡ
俴Ҷԭѧһʮģǣ׼ѧһ򷨣
һ򷨣ҶüѾˣ
ᴸӣ
Ҳһ򷨣
Ҷ
ͻȻ棬Ȼ֣֣
˵ͷֱһԾҶײ˹ȥ
Ҷг˷֮ɫûжͬһ˹ȥ
أ
һըֱӱһسˣҲ˲ʮɵľ롣ǣ㽫ɡ
ܵ⣿ʱ俴Ҷ
ҶҪ˵ͻȻΪʲôҪӲƴ
ʲô˼ҶЩ⡣
ֵʯͷ˵ţ棬֣
΢΢ͷȻһԾһҶ
Ҷ棬ǰɾʱͻȻʧԭأȻһ̳
һպôϡ
أ
ƺδ𣬵ǣһ˲䣬ֱӱǧɿ⣬ͬʱȫƬһ̽ǹ˿
Ҷʱסˡ


1829 ı
ʱҶЩ£
һֱӽǧɣһ档֪Ϊʲô
˺䡣
͵ô˵һͨˣҪǲҪܹ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ֵߣԲǣҪռײʱõǿռпռղһֱƵ˿ռ֮Ĵ䡣˵жеһ̣ʱ𣿡
ô˵Ȼˣ
ҶЩ˷ˡ
һУһ򷨡ֱƵıԴǰһ򷨣Ǹһ򷨣
ʱ俴ҶʵѧıҪ̫̫ࡣһˣҪ̶ֳȣţûʮ꣬ǸܵġָҲҪ꣬㼸¾ѧˣ
˵⣬һҶȻֵҲΪռ䷨򣬽ҲߣȻҪôǿ߸ָ
Ҷ
ղһ򷨣ڣѧһʮᣡ
˵ţ档
濴Ҷ˿̣ҶŲЦݡ濴ҶæЦݡ
СӣȥϽ磬
Ҷ
ʱͻȻʧԭأţһǿҶѹȥ
ʱͻȻҶ𣺡ǰĿռ䵱ʯͷȻս͵ش̳
ԣҶæ˵ͷȻԼǰĿռ䣬һ̣սһռ͵һ̡
ļޣ
һ̳ΧĿռһת˲ɢǹǿ˲ɢͬʱӴֱӳ׷˳ȥ
׷˲ǧɺһĻ˵ϡ
أ
һ緢һδ
ҶٴסˡԼʲôʱôǿˣ
ʱһڿռ֮ϣǣĲǿռ䣬һƬռ档һ֮ǣһ˿ûй˷ѣȫϡǰһȥʵ󲿷ռˡԣǰʱѿռ˺ѡһΣռû˺ѣ汻˺ˣ
ԭˣ
һ̣Ҷˡ
ʱŵʵҽУһֻڴﵽԺǲŻ򡣶ڣҵָ㣬ǰˡǣⲻͿԿǿߣ˵ҹۣҲȻ޷⣡
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Ϊͷ
Ϊ˼Ҽǰ׻ģҹ۵ľ磬ߣ˼ҸҲߡΪн˼ҷַɱ㡣

Ҷ֣ͻȻһǳص顣ǾýԿҹۣһΣѾĵĲ࡭ڣֻʣ²һ
֮ǰΪ飬Ȼ¸ˣãԪöӲ澳ˡ
ʱֵ⣬ԺãǱáȻֱԭ䣡
Ҷֻǲ֪ô𣿡
ҡҡͷ֪ãҲá̫ˡ
ҶЦЦ̫ˣ
ߣ΢΢ҡͷ⻹Ҫף֮ǰҹ۵Ľ֣Ϊ⽣ѾĲˡϧǣȻܹݵ޵УǴ̫ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷڵӦȥ뽣򣬶Ǹȥôʵ뾳硣رǾ硣˵һʱ䣬գ۾͹
һʱ䵽ʱȲ
ջ˼Ҷ䣬ǰѧϰ𣿡
ûѧãȥѧʲô
Ҷ㵵û
ȻûڲֻǸոտʼڣ뿪ȥѰŵ򡣡
ʲôҶʶʡ
ʱƮҶǰڿʼ㰴˵Ϳԣģûʣʣ𣿡
Ҷ
ҶȻȥ䣬ֲ޴£뿪˺
ʱäŮڶڡ
ˣäŮ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ㣬Ҫȥһط
äŮתȥ𣿡
Ҷǡ
äŮҶãȻҪȥ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷԼȥͿˡ
äŮãСĵ㡣
˵꣬תȥʱҶͻȻ㣬ĳұ𣿡
äŮͣĬú˵ͷã
䣬һʧԭأ
äŮߺҶ뿪ɽ
ɨһܣʱɽķΧԭأҶһһ̣һԭһת˲䣬Ѿ֮⡣
Ѱŵ
Ҷܿ뿪ɽķΧȻããǿ֮СǧǺܴģУкܶ࣬ǣûͬܶࡣ
ʱҶããǿ֮Ѱһû
һŷûһƬ
վԭأҶɨһܣȻ˫۱ǰʲô
ƻ
ƻҶ⡣
ƿأѾﵽ˺ϸı׼ҪģһֿķУһʮᣡνһʮᣬǲʲôɣǵı
ı
ҶѪЩˡ
ʱڣȲýȭͷңǰʼңֱ㳹׸λá
ԣҶʱס˺һᣬ˹ǰûɣȭͷұ򣿡
𣿡
Ҷʵĵ˵ͷýǻôգȭͷ
ʱͻȻ汾壬Ҫһ򣬵ָͿˡڣҵһΪ
ҶĬˡ
԰ΪʲôԼ
ΪʲôҪԼ
Լȥԣô֪Լ
Ҷս𣿡
ԣڣҪֱֻ۵Ӧ˵Ҫ׼ǱԣҰɡ
ҶһȻ˫ȭ͵سһҡ
䣡
һţһ޴ӳ˳Сŵһӳ֣ڶ̿ʼˡ
УǰΪβ
ҪԼֻԼģǲģģһӶǡ
濴һۺ䣬ܻˣ
ҡҡͷЩǵġ

֣˲
⡣
Ҷڼȭͷҵ棬һһΣ֮󣬺СŪɫľʯҶ£Ҷָּʼҡ
ң


1830 ˵ǿҲţ
ŵ֮ϣһ಻ĺ¡
ҶǷǳǿģÿһȭ£ֱӱѷԲǧڵĵ档
ǣʵ̫̫ˡ
ƻĹģҪٵʮ꣡
ôң
Ҷͣ
ǰŵζţڵǿġԲôҵģ϶ʲô
ˣҶʼ˼

ҶԼ˫֣˿̵˫֮Уӵǿޱȵѵأȫǣ޶ȡ˵޷ѵء
ıѵأһȭͿԴһ
ڣԶ
ҶԼ˫֣ƾ˫ֵǸܴġ
˫֡뵽⣬Ҷ۾һ˫֣壬˫Ű
ˣҶ˫ȭһ̣˫͵سһ䡣
䣡
ȭ£ΪģԲڵĵֱӱ𣬽ţһ׵ľ޴ӳĽ¡
һĻҶһϲ֮ǰķȻǴġղһȭ֣Ƕȫڶȫ֮ղһȭ֮ǰ߳
뵽һ𣿡ʱͻȻҶ
Ҷǰףȭͷȫ𣿡
˵һ롣ȭͷ壬µĴأԼΧĿռ䣬˵ЩԳΪԴȪ
ʲô˼ҶЩס
µĴأΧĿռ䣬ǳΪȻԼõ󻯡ı𣿡
ԭأҶ룬Ȼԣ
˵꣬һ֮⡣
֮ϣҶ˫΢գ·붨
ܣ
˫Ųڵ֮ϣܹܵصģҲܹܵռģϾ˿ռ䷨򡣵ǣҪôǣе㲻ˡ
ʱٴ𣺡֮ǰսϲýŲȵأΪʲô
ԣҶ㶣ȻΪԽ죬ҡ
˵⣬Ҷٴסˡ

ԴЩػпռҲǺ˵
ˣҶ˽µĴأȻ˫ſʼ΢΢
ǲ
ֱӹѿ¿ˡ
һĻҶüͷʱǰ̫࣬ܲסҵҡ

ͻȻĻһ˲ıԣҪ죬ǳĿ죬쵽¡𣿡
ԣҶڨЦЦˣ
˵꣬Ƶұߵĵ棬һ˲ͻȻ˫͵˫һ˲˫ȭһ䡣
䣡
һͻȻڳ쳹ת˲̳γһ޴Ģơ
УҶɨһܣ˿̣ΧڵĵѾȫ£һԼɣ׵ľ޴ӣ
ǿҶһĨ˷֮ɫ
ղһȭɱһ澳ǿߣ
ˣʱͻȻ
ⲻҵļޣ𣿡Ҷ
ϻ
ڵǿǵѪ֮пǰʮ幦ֻԵ̫ˣ
Ҷ
ֵղŵٶȻ죬ǿĸáҪΧʮڵĵ棬ǿϸ
ʮɣ
Ҷ̲סһ£ʮʲôζţصʥǵĻֱһȭͰʥǺ
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Ҷ˵ͷе㡣
СӣպӴ˸߲εͻ֪㲻ʲôҲͻףΪʲôΪҪǧǧ֮ýˡΪý磬Щǿߵļսֱܾӻ棡
棡
Ҷ̧ͷǿգһǿ̶ֳ
ãҶһȻԼ˫֣ڸģӦôԼʵȻΪѪŮһУڸġ


ŵ֮ϣһĢƲʳ֣һʼֻһƬȻ󣬼ʹվǿ֮Уܹǿ֮ϵĢơ
Ϊ̫ˣ
ǲģʹǻߵġ
ǣҶ˵ҲǶݵġΪк
Ҷʼŵ֮ϻӶȭͷ

Ŭûа׷ѣ£ȭͷѾԽԽǿڣһȭѾΧڵĴء
ûѡռ䣬ΪǺ塣
һǿߣʹռҲܹڿռڶ֮档ԣԺ˽֣ռ䣬ǾܵԼڶԷϣ
֮ϣҶְҹķȭȭͷԽԽǿͬʱǿҲĿꡣ
ʮ
ʱҶһȭѾܹΧڵĵ档ҶȥǺȴͻȻ𣬡ˣ
ҶͣʣΪʲôҾһнĿռ䡣
еֻӶȭͷĸоˡ
ѾﵽױıԵȥʱͻһͬھˡ
ԣҶ΢΢һɨһܣȻŵѾȭͷҵĿ೹׻ˡԣϾҪˡ
ΪѾ״ˣ
һ
Ҷ˵ͷҽ͵һ
䣡
£Χڵĵֱӱ𣬶ҶѾͷ֮ˡ
˿̣ٶȣѾ˿ýٶˡ
ߺһٶȽϣ
ããǿ֮кҶٴοʼѰŵ
ʱҶһµ֮ϡ
ҲûκһƬ
ǣҶֿʼӶȭͷˡ
һȭһȭ
һҲӲ򱬣ڣһȭѾܹΧ潫ʮɵĵ棡ңֻ˲ʱ䣡
ֲܿʵҲôֲҪ֪ŵᷴᷴ澳ǿ߶ܹݻֻʱһѣ
˽ǿɲһǻģԷͬʩչǿᷴ
ҶĿֲӹɵģ
Ҷûдͽããǿ֮У׼ѰһŵȻ
Ϊо⻹Լļޣ
ããǿ֮УҶɨһܣҪʱҶüͷͻȻת˲ĿռͻȻܿ죬һͻȻԶ
Ҷɣ˵Щ˻ơ
ҶתˣǺˣ
˵ɽһ鱨֯˻˴Ѱ㣬ΪѰ㣬ǿǷ˲Сľ
ȻأҶʡ
˫ȭ˵ǿҲţ̣


1831 Ҿв
̣
ҶһǺˣֵˣϲԶﴫ롭
ʱҶͻȻǰվһȭ
ȭûκζ
ȻǺȴǽӲ
˫ĿЩ͵ĿҶ㡭
ȻҶȴǹܶûйתʧããǿ֮С
ʱһźɫͻȻԺ֮Ʈ˳Ҫ׷ˣǧ򡭡
¡
ֱһϢ䣬ǻޣ·ûгֹڳС
Ϣһֳֳʵӳ˺ǰڵλá
ӿһͷŷȻһ㣬ܿ죬ȥµд˳
ɨһܣʲô
һᣬһŷ
ԼһӺǰĿռһ£ţһд˳ðҹˣ顣
һŷȻ˲򵥣
Ϣһд˳ˣ
ӳĬ
ʱֵ˵Ҫ˫˻𣬻Ӱ쵽ǵ
б΢΢ͷҹҡ
ҪԳ֣
Ҳλɱҹɲ֯½ţ
áһӺ󣬰ҹ˻ᵽߡ
а
ɨһܣȻ־еĳǰĿռһɨ
ˣ
ΧĿռʱһţеĿռЩ͸ͬʱ͸Ŀռ֮ϣһЩϸСĺۼ
Ҷ֮ǰȥʱµģ
Щۼüͷ΢΢ÿٶȡ

Ҷûнʲôϣããǿ֮кֿʼѰŵ
ȻҲںǣɲôƻ磬ҪôҪġ
ܿ죬Ҷٴҵһŵ
ң
ңʹҡ
ûκϣԺ޹˼ɵķйûƻռ䣬ֻǵƻ棬ˣÿһȭͷ£ͷĿоͻðһĢơ
һĢƲҶͷĿ𣬶·ĵ򲻶ڱ

֮ǰǶƿأԿռ䣬ˣڣľǱνһʮᣬǾǵﵽһ̶ȺκμɶǸơ
Ҫܴ
ڣڷھԼڵ
Ҷ˫Ųڵϣ˫ȭţͷ˿Լұۣʱ˿̣Ѿܹȫƿս۵ڣҪӡսˡ
ܿ죬һͷõӰұϡ

һ˲ҶͻȻȭŵ͵ؾһ䡣
䣡
һȭΪģԲʮڵĵֱӱͬʱ·֮Уڱݡ
Ҷ˿ֱϵĹò˵ǺõģղһȭԱ֮ǰҪǿࡣ
ʱѾˡ
𣿡Ҷ
ѾļޣڼȻǣǻᳬļޣ巴áԣڣ󣬲ܹס⣬Ҳ˵ĸΪ磬ˣܹõھǱ
ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻܻҹ𣿡
ѣ
Ҳѻɱ㡣ǣҲɱѡϾ֮ľе֪СܹԽսǣҹضҲǳţԷҲܹԽսġԣҵ˼𣿡
Ҷסģڲȥյġ
ҹ۲һˣһҹɲ֯ңΪľԵʣɽǿ߶ڴ⣬ҹƴܾˣʱֻ˱ˡ
ɽɲֹҹһ׼ǿߣ
ջ˼ҶɨһܣȻȻˣǻǴ߰ɣ
䣬ֽճȭȻŵһ䡣
䡭
ž֮ϣٴһըͬʱһĢƲϿð
һҶ뿪ǿ򣬲ԣǿѾûˡ
ǿ֮УҶɨһܣҪ뿪ʱͻȻұߣ
£ұ߲ԶĿռͻȻһ£ܿ죬һֳֳʵӳҶС
ı
ӰˣӰ䶼һ䵶ϣһ󱳵ǼͲ
Щ죬Ϊһһģһ֣һʧңûаϢ
ҶһۣȻ£
ҶϢȻҡҡͷû£ֻ·ղţۿһǰʧʧҶˡ
Ҷ˵ͷתҪߣʱ뵽ʲôͣ
һĻǱ۽΢ֽ˽еıʡ
Ҷתû´Ǹʲôģ𣿡
ǣ
Ҷң
˵ͷҹУѰ㣡
Ҷҵң׼ô
ҶãȻȥܣ֯˵
Ҷ˱һۣҿǺ𣿡
룬ȻҡҡͷʱԣΪûˣ˲ˣǻǵˡ
Ҷ˵ͷҴ仰ϴҶҹɲ֮֯ĶԹñͽ
вǣʱԵһӰͻȻ
ҶǺӰˣҾвȻҪô
ǺӰ˵ʱͻȻȳ⣬죡
ԣǺӰ˶ʱû˵ˡ
ҶһὫµĻģ
Ҷ˵ͷȻתʧԶǿ֮С
ҶߺǱɫһɡ
ѹ
ղŵҶ̫ѹˡѹϣϡ
˾Ȼǿ̶ֳȣ
ɫһΣʧˡûеԷϸϸóȻ˵⣬ԶЩ̼˵һΣҪʧذ
˵꣬תʧԭء
ʧһӰ֮ǰ˵λáӰҶ
䣬ҲǸеĸ֣رнӳֺ׼ǿ߶Է
ȥķҶ룬Ȼһȥ
Ȼܹ鵽λãζţԷҲܹ鵽äŮŮλáԣ⻹Խĺã
Ҷĸűˣһɽ֮С


1832 ̫ˣ
ɽЩ죬Ϊӿ棬ûɽһƬƽءǣ󣬾ͻ֣ᷢһǧɽ

Ҷ΢һ룬ˡɽĿУشֱӽ·ɽڸ
ԽɽҶűһǰռԼɣͨڣܣһġ
УҶɨһܣ֣ܼΪİûκϢ
ܲκ˵Ϣ
ý򸲸ΧȻԸܵǣ˿ɲʩչΪһչȥҲпܷ
ʱŴ˿
Ǳ˽ȥȴǶű΢΢һȻתʧԭء
ڹſڹرյһ˲ҶҲǱ˽ȥ
Уûеƹ⣬߼
ߵͣǰԶվһϺɫӡ
ӱűû˵
΢΢һ񣬡죡
תһ̣Ҷӵ棬ǣȴûпԷòΪԷһƤߣ
֪ҹ۸ǿʲô𣿡
΢΢ҡͷ
ʮöԪʮöѪĹԪҪһӦպҪǳһΡ
׼ǿߵ
ɫһҹ۸۸񣬲ò˵ˡرһһ׼ǿߵĳŵǷǳõġ
ʱֵЩص㣬صǣӦɱҶľԸǹ
⣬üͷǻۣ᲻֪ɣ
Ȼ
ҹۿɲʲôˣ֮Կ˵ı꣬бضèġ޷ڶľ֮ǿѣԴԿЩľǿߡ
ԥ£Ȼ½飬ǲҪУ
΢΢ͷȻܲľУԣǿ԰ˣǣˣľҲҪֻ˶ѣ˵ûʲôʧ
ҶҲһ򵥵ҵҹۣضᱨҵȡ֮ǰȻڡ
˵ţ֮ǰƬǿ֮˵˳
Ϣ󣬳ͻȻ
ãҹۻ˴ĴѰҶΪľǳɳȷʵܹв
ҲвǣͻȻ
ȷʵܹвǣԣҪվҹһߣǾͱزۣȻպ˵ҲǺ
Ҫô𣿡
ܲ˵ɽЩһЦ˵Ҷɣ
Ĭˡ
ʱǰĿռͻȻһ£ܿ죬һǰ
ָһ㣬Ǿֱӻһ׹ûü䡣
Ϣ쿴Ǳ֪ͨȥȫ׷ҶߵЩŮӣҪһڣ֪Щ˵١ҡ
ʱеɫͬʱ䣬һ̣üͻȻһ㺮⡣췴Ӧ죬ڽҪüһ̣ȵסǱ
ǣǽһֱӴ̿ģת˲ֱӵüλá
а
ǰ֪ʱһӣӣȻҶ
Ҷû뵽ܹ֪Ǳ䷽棬ǿ
Ҷһ仰Ҫˣǣǲǣ
ôش
ĬƬ̣ȻɱңҲ߲ȥܵѾǿߣ㡭
ͣ
Ƥ
Ѫü˳ãǱĲǺ
Ҷֱ죬ҲϻֻҪ˵ǣǲǾͿˣ

ͣ
ʱԴֱӷ˳ȥѪȪˮ첱ӳ˳׳ۣ
·Ǳֱסû뵽ҶȻֱӾɱˣ
Ҷת·ıȻܹĳȻ㣬аеЩˣѡֱӶ֡
Ҷû˵
ͬʱϢסҶ
ҶľһܣȻǿȷʵͦġһһȫһϣ˵䲻ر͵ĻȰλһϵĺã
УžǣЩҶϵϢȴЩˡ
ʱҶ˫ͻȻУ˸ת˲еĽͻȻˡ

һ̶ļͻȻڳ
Ҷǰ֪ʱһɫߵӣУһĳ̶̣Ĳ֣һ⣬Ҷеľ
ʱҶͻȻľһ
أ
ֱӱ˰ɿ⣬Ҷǰһɵˣ˺ѿγɵģռû顣
Ҷղһ֮еȫӵϣˣռû飡
Զӿ˿Լеĳ̣Ǹ̶ˣѾѿˣѾȫѳ֩״
̧ͷҶþһǿľãҲã
ҶľӣҲѰٵģǣϣ֮ǰһΣһΡ
һأӵ
Ҷֱͣӣջش𣿡
ӵôң˶ġΣұһ䣬ǰڽκθйϵĵӣ㣬йϵˣҲȥӸйϵĵӡ
Ҷ
Ƕ죡ʱԶǱͻȻ첻֯ڵ飬ԣڵ飬Ƕڹܡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǾͳְɣ
£ϵЩϢʱʧˡ
ԶǶ΢΢һеĳ̶ʱһѱ䵶̧ͷҶҾߣȳ֣
Ҷҡҡͷȳ֣
ô
Ҷȳ֣ûгֵĻˣ
ҶĻһ˲䰲
ţ
Ƕ쿴ҶãȻ˵ͷã
£ͻȻʧԭأɲǼ䣬ҶͻȻĵ⣬ĵϸë۸ɼĵĽǶȼȵ꣬
ʱҶеľˡֽճȭȻǰ͵ؾһ䡣
䣡
һĺͻȻããɽ֮쳹
Ϣ󣬳ͻȻ
ҶǰɴǶ졣
ҶŵȥǶ˿̴ԭأûκζ
Ҷ߳󡪡
䣡
ֱޡ
ʱҶǰȥͬʱԶ˹̫ˣ´μǵûһĲϣ


1833 ߣ
ۣ
ʱǶͻȻһھѪϴҲ˿
Уž
ãǶͻȻ˿̿ʼκ˲ȥ׷١ҹۣⵥˡǻᰴ涨⳥𣡡
䣬תֱӻһӰʧԭء

Ҷ뿪Ҫϵ˪ŮʱüͷͻȻת˲תһȭ
䣡
һȭǰռĿֱӱ˺ѷ飬һˡ
ʱһͻȻ˳Уת˲ȭͷɢЩͻȻ߽⣬ʧ˿С
ʱҶͻȻת
ǰ⣬֪ʱһŽɫߵӡ
ӳֵĺף
׼ǿߣ
Ҷ˽ɫһۣȻû´¾Ĵɣ
΢΢ͷҡ
ҶңҪԼҪɱˣ
ҡҡͷǡ
ǣҶ
ӵֻǵ뿴ܹҹۼɵʲôˡ
𣿡Ҷ
ӵڿ
Ҷ˵ͷҲ뿴ּǿߵĲж٣
䣬жһľбָ棬ƴ
û˵һתָָ֮䣬һϸСĺɫ룬ת˲
أ
һԶҶͻȻ⡣δֶָͣһɫ룬š
أ
ףҶǧ⣡
ʱӵָͻȻһɫ룬룬֮ǰҪһ
ת˲ʧˡ
Զ
䣡
ҶֱӳǧɣһͣΧĿռǾҲΧĿռ䣬Ҷĸ
˿̣ҶľԼü䣬ľĶ˲֣һתĽɫ롣
ʱҶɫޱȵأϣѾ˺顣
ϢҶһĨɫ˫סľȻ͵һ
أ
Ǹɫֱӱԭ·ɶأȻһ̣ǸɫȴͣȻٴγȥ
һĻҶɫһ䣬˫־ٽǰ͵ؾһ̡

һ̶ļͻȻڳ쳹
Ҷֱӳǧ⣡
˿̣Ҷ˫ֶڲšҶ̧ͷӣǿ
ԭԼѾǿȻǰλǿղһν棬һû˿йȫ˶ԷǸɫϣȻǱˣ
ӿҶãȻѹҹۻɵ㡣ͣӵǿ˲ףﵽ澳Σ뽣ٴʱ׼ǿ߶ûʲôвˣ
Ҷ׼ǿߣĻҪǿһЩڵңǣв࣡
ӳĬãͻȻָһһŽɫƬҶǰ
ǣҶǰĿƬ⡣
ӵ֪ʵ𣿡
Ҷ
΢΢ҡͷ׽Ͻ飬Ѫ⣬ڵǿǩԼǳǣΪá֮⡣Բ׽ϽǿߣȻȡǵĹǵķȡ
˵⣬һӣʮֳǰ룬֮ǰǺ룬룬Լ롣
ӵҴϽǿ֮Ӷġղܹ֮㣬Ҹ˵ҲǵĹ͡ңǵôɲǰǰ㣡
Ҷ˵ǲ׽Ͻǿ飿
ӵϽЩǿ飬ʵȷʵǿǣǴǿдԽ磬һ̣ƣʱеֱ٣ֻǵĻᡣ
˵⣬˶٣ֵȻҲЩǿߣʹڣҲκβ˵ġ統ľһλλɲˣǣʱǿ߻κβ
䣡
ӿ˵λȻǺ䣡
ҶһǰĽɫƬȻ㾿˵ʲô
ӵɽڲһ׽Ͻˣ
ҶӣΣ𣿡
ǳΣգ
ӵΣգָϽЩǿߣ½Щǿߡȥ벻ȥԼ
ȥ
ҶֱӽǰĽɫƬҪģԼʵ
΢΢ͷ⿨Ƭǽɽڲʸ֤ɽ˵ķӡʼƽˣϽĳλǿڴԽ磬˵һᡣʱ㡣
ΪʲôңҶͻȻ
ӵʵﵽĴ̶ֳȣ򣬽Уһǿİ֡
ߣĴ𣿡Ҷüͷʲô
ӵߣλߣĴ½ǿߡǿɲ׼
ѾﵽҶ㵵
ҡҡͷʵԽ
Ҷɫʱ
ӵ⼯ϣ
˵꣬һʧԭء
ʵȴǳԽ
Ҷһ˵Ͻ磬½綼಻еĳǿߣ
޵֮·ضԶ
ջ˼Ҷ׼ϵ˪ͻȻ뵽һ£ȻԶʣת˲Ѿʧԭء
أ
һʱĹ֮УʮˣЩˣǿߡλˣĻ
˿̣ɫЩء
ڵҶʱһͻȻ
Ҷ
֣нһݡҶʥ飬ǿ˵˵ġ
Ļһߣû˵ȴǶһ˿ǳ
ʱȻѾ֪ҶûбᡣҶǸҶҶԸ񣬵˺ŹȻǲģ
ͣ
Ǿ͸ˡʱ򣬱˵ҶӦ͵ġ
ʱֵѾɽ֯Ѿڿʼ׷Ҷû´Է϶ҹɲ֯ҹС֯ʵ⣬ѾҵҶԣҹѾȥѰҶˡ˵ڹһᣬǾͿҶѶˣ
Ļ΢΢ҡͷҶˣ򵥣ȥȫϢ
ߵ˵ͷã
ʱһӰͻȻ˵УڵѾѰһų֮Сǵûдݾߣ
ʱĻվãܺã
˵ţһҶΪ飬ҵЩŮˣֶΡ
·ھȥŮȫҡ
ʱͻȻȻֹ
а
Ϊǰ֪ʱͻȻһӣ˿̣ӵߡ
Ҷ
ӣĻɫʱҶſ
ʱҶͻȻסߵĺһҡ
أ
ѣߵԴȴû¡
ʱҶͻȻһߵԴϡ˵Ŀ֮УߵԴֱը
ѪĽ
ҶתĻղ˵ʲôû˵һ飿


1834 ߴˣ
а
һ˲˲ĶҶеˣǼɵɻΪǶ֪ҶΪʲôҪڳ֣
Ļ㻹δҶ飬ڵ˸֪ǲɻ
ĻҶһᣬڵ֪ûбҾ֪һû뵽ô죡
Ӧúܾϲ𣿡Ҷ
ĻҶ֮£ĻһΪˣ֪飬Ҳûв롣Źǣ
ҶЦΪʲôҪŹǣ
ĻǶ첻вңҲûκζԲ顣
Ըˣ
ʱһվ˳ֻҪģξҶҡ
ʱȻֹ
˾Ŀ֮УӵԴͻȻ׵شĲ
Ѫ
д󺧣
ҶĻҪ֣ʱĻͻȻһĨѪͬʱڵԼٶʧš
һĻҶüͷ
ĻҶģĻ޹أŹǣ
䣬֮ɫʡ

УУǱɫ
ҶתһۣҶ˶ʱɫ䣬׷׽䱸
ʱһŮӳҶǰ
Ůӣǳ
ǳֱҶҲ֪֮䷢ʲôǣ˵û˸֪֮飬ҡԣǸûйϵɱǣ𣿡
ҶǳһۣʱͻȻתĻʬ壬ʱһ׹Ʈ˳ܿ죬һӰ˵С
ˣ˶ʶ
δ룡Ȼⲻı壡
δһҶû뵽ɳ̶ֳȡ
Ҷֱδ룬֮ˣȥϽ㣡
ܵϽˣδ֪ɣϽ磬Ѿ֪˾ĽУԣ½ˣϽ˶Ѿ׼ð㡣
ҶӦĹͰɣ
δ΢΢ͷǡˣ֪֪⽣벻ףȴռ𣿡
ҶشֵΪ֪֮ռд˽ҽ鷳㣬鷳ĵ֮鷳ôΪ˾϶ɱ㣬ֻȡԼĽƫƫ㲻ǣ˾Ըضնɱ㡣㡭
ߴˣ
ʱҶͻȻһȭ
δʱȻֹ
һϢδ뿴Ҷףˡ
£ֱȻʧ˳С
ͬʱҶҲʧ˴С
УЩ͵ĿĻʬ壬һ̣ãˡ
ڸúȥδӣ

Ҷ뿪󣬿ʼϵ˪һᣬֱʧʡ
ɽһɽС
ָɽ֦ҶͤͤǣⶼС
ʱһͻȻϮûƬ֮С
Ҷأ˪ǳǰ
˪һҶȻС
Ҷ˵ͷ㣬㣬Ҫȥɽڲ
ԣ˪ɫʱ֪ʲôط
Ҷҡҡͷر˽⣡
˪ǵطɽΣյĵط
ŵҶǵһڶأ
˪һڶĴסĵطĴɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
˪ɽڲܶʱ򣬱ĴסĵطΣաΪ㲻֪ʲôˣпܲǺǿҲпֳԽĴԽߵĳǿߣ
ҶǣҲ˻𣿡
˪Ѿˣ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
˪Сĵ㣡
ҶŮҲҪСĵ㣬飬ǵ֪ͨҡ
˪İɣΣգ϶ģ
ҶЦЦû˵תʧʡ
ҶߺһŮͻȻ˪ԲԶ
˪Ϊβ
Ů΢΢ҡͷû˵ʲô
˪תͷŮӣ㿴ȴоǳΣա
Ů̧ͷʣܾúܾǰоͻʱʱĳһʱΪʶˡҷ֣ҴˡǸԼ
˵⣬ջĿ⣬ԣϣԶȥϽ硣ΪʵӲпᡣϧ֪Ȼǲܵġ
˪Ůӣ㾿˭
Ů̧ͷ˪ֻߣ

ҶĴˡ
Ҷ˶Էһۣôƺ
ҡɣӵ
Ҷ˵ͷ֣Ĺ߽𣿡
΢΢ҡͷûУǣҼ޷ģĻأ
ѵǵʵ޷ȥϽ磿Ҷ
Сǽ磬̶ֲȣ˿ȹ߲ǰãΪʱȥ˺٣ǿ߲ô⡣ǣȥԽԽ࣬ǿʼǿˡڵĽ磬ѾԶǼ֮ǰܱȡ
˵⣬ɽңǣɽһֲĴڡ
ʲôҶʡ

һ

Ҷˡ˵ӦþСȥ͵
߰ɣʱͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ҫ·ڵ㣬Ѱ㣡
˵ţָһһɫ۳Ҷǰ
ҶҲûоܾϺۺŰɽĽ¡
ɽɽ£һ޴ɽš
ҶŰɽǰʱһ׷ͻȻ˵ǰ
׷û˵
Ҷ⣬ʱͻȻָһöȭͷɫʯһŽɫĿƬߵǰ
һӣöɫʯʱţҶ
Ƭ
Ҷ˵ͷȻһ㣬һŽɫƬʱɵ˰׷ߵǰ
߿һۿƬȻ΢΢ͷתʧԭء
Ҷ򰵣ȻҲҪŷѣ
һ׼ǿŷѣ֪ô𣿡
ôҶʡ
ָָұߣԶһʯʯϹһŻ۵Դ
ʱˡ
˵꣬û˵ǰȥ
ҶһǿԴһᣬʼ磬ˣ
˵꣬ȥ


1835 
ɽڲʮ㣬ԽϣԽΣաʮ֮󣬾ǽ紦ƿǽ磬Ȼ󴩹Ǵǧˡ
·ϣ͵
Ҷ΢΢ͷɨһܡǳĿڵĸоΪİŲš
Сĵ㣡ͻȻ
ΣգҶ
˵ͷһЩˣƢŹֵĺܣرֳطˣΪ˻øõıԵǸɽÿšˣѾ˵ˡ
Ҷҡҡͷܽϣϣ
ʹˣ
ܹˣ㲻׼Ҳи׼ǿ߿ʵܹﵽһ˵ô᲻ף
ǻҶ
ѾﵽļˡҪΨӵиõĹšֹţСڱ֮ģΪԼܹõĻţ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷû뵽ġ˿ҲףΪγɽ⣬ûʲô׼ǿߡΪ˼ҸûȤȥμ׶
Щ˵ģѾǧ棬˼ҵĿ⣬Ͻȥ
¡¡
ʱɽͻȻһţҶоǿϢЩϢȫ𣬳ɽȥ
Ҷ򰵣ǿߴˣȥɣ
䣬һֱӻһ߳ϷȥԵҶҲȥ
ڰĴ£Ҷ˵ھŲ㡣
˿̣ھŲѾһЩˣر࣬ʮӡ
ǣȫ׼ǿߣ
˶ڿͷͷһ޴ɫͨͨ˸ŵ⡣Ҷ濴һۣס
ΪʲôȥҶʡ
ҡҡͷŲֹϣ˵ġ
ҶҪ˵ʱǾ޴ɫͨͻȻٲһ̣ҶԷ֣Щǿɫ䱸ͬʱһεѹȸͻȻ˳С
ѹȸвΧЩˣɫͨ
֣ⲻǵĿģʵ
Ҷ˵ͷ̧ͷɫͨģɫͨԽԽǿˡܿ죬˵ע£һӰͻȻɫ֮ͨƮ˳
ǵӰƮһ˲ʮӰͻȻܳȻӰܡ

ʱӰͻȻŭȡ
ʱһͻȻǰһ̽ţһֻ޴ֱӳӰͷȻץȥռûа㲨ֻɢϢȫӰϡ
ϣȻҷ𣡡
Ӱһŭȣת˲һɫͻȻֶֻõ֮ϡ
䣡
߸һӴֻõƶʱȻѣͬʱȥֱֵӳˣ֮Ŀռ䣬Ϊ֮Ť
Ȼ߸ձˣԱߵЩǿ߱ǵӰ˹ȥ
ò˵ӰʵǷǳǿģһкü࣡
ҶԣǰҡҡͷһӣһڣҲӲˣ
ҶЩˣκβ
ڲŸտʼ˵ţ̧ͷɫͨˣ̫͹ˡ͹֣ҪĴ۵ģ
Ҫ֣
ʱͻȻһ£ЩǿߵͻȻǣͬʱǵӰҲһ˲䱻ѹơ
ǿ
ЩǿߣҶɫޱЩˣÿһǱⰵġڴ֮ǰδƬ䣬ô˿ֲˣ

ʣӰͻȻŭȣţһƴԲ̳ͷ
һĻҶԵİɫ䣬ˣ
£ֱӳˡҶӦҲ죬æˡ
Ҷ밵еЩǿߴ˿Ҳ׷׳ˡ
ʱǺɫԲͻȻ˲ת˲
͡
ڹ籩Բ֮м
֮еҶͫȻһΪǿУ׼ǿΪ˵ǺڹУֱӱݻ٣ǵȴǶЩڹ⡣
ڹٶȼ죬Ҷ밵ٶȶ޷ǰУһɫ룬ת˲ɫֱӴһɫβǰ񻮶Щǰĺڹʱиһһ飡
Լǰĺڹ⣬ҶɫҲޱȣȻǵѪǣҲܵһļ£֪ЩڹⴥҲҪУ
Ҵ⣬ľУת˲һǰ
ľ֮Ӵĺڹ˲ɢ
ܿ죬ƽ
Ҷԣǰ˿ԼǰǰߣѪ֮ǰڹ¡Ϊ޷׾ٵƵЩڹ⣬ˣֻܼݻЩҪĺڹ⣡
ǰеǸɫ֮϶ϸСơ
ʱͻȻҶһҶȻûˣ
ҶʣȻˣ
ĿҶľϣǱľãͻȻ綼ܹƵ㽣Ҳǿ
ҶеĽȷʵղܹ׾ƳЩڹ⣬кܴ󲿷ԭΪ⽣
һ̣ҶЩ⽣ķӡˡ
ǣܣ
ԭ򣬵һ⽣ڽڵĿƣڶһķӡϽ˾ͻӦ⽣ʱԷܻȡ⽣
ҶɲԼ鷳
ԣ򲻵ѵʱǲ׽⽣ӡġ
ʱһͻȻǿ𣺡½ϣȻԱ֣ǲ֪
Ҷ밵̧ͷȥǿУӰѾһӣӰʵ塣Ȼ塣ӳһųŨüУƯһϸСĺɫԲ̣
ʱҶԵİͻȻһ̫
ô˵Ҷʡ
΢΢ҡͷ⣬һһ׼ǿӵսܹϡ˵¶˺öȻҪˣ
ʱеͻȻұ߲Զһߣһָ̣һ㣬еǺɫԲͻȻһڹʧԭأٴγʱѾߵͷ
ɫ䣬һɫУת˲ɫֱӳǺɫԲ̶ȥ
һ̣ǺɫԲͻȻһţһõĺɫǹͻȻ˳Ǳɫǹ̶£ӴǸֱӻޡ
һĻɫ䣬һֱӳ·һ㣬ҪȥȻδأǸõĳǹǳͷ
䣡
һΣûӵĻᣬǸǹֱûߵͷûͷһ˲ߵֱ˳Ȼһڹʧԭء
ˣǣȴûˣ
ھŲУǷһĨϾϣ
ʱһͻȻ˳Уһ̣һɵӵǰ
ɵֵĺף˶ûӦ
Ҳɵǰһ˲ŷӦܿ죬ɫԲ̵Լü䣬ǷɵҪӴԲʱͻȻͣ
ת˲
ǷɵͻȻһת䣬ֱƵӵԺȻֱӲӵĺף
˲佩Ӳ
·Ҷԣּɵ𣡡


1836 ɣ
𣿡
Ҷ򰵣Ĵ֮һ
˵ͷ˱Ϊǧ浶һˣĵѿͨ񣡡
ͨ
Ҷɫ뽣һﵽһ̶ȣǼֲġңӣѾͨ񡣶ڵĽȻҲǿͨкܴģ
Ҷ̧ͷʣ彩ӲԭأУ֮ɫȻţԼȻ½硣
ӵʬ壬ҶĬˡ
ǿߣ
Ǹɱӵǿߣʲô澳Σǰ㲻ϣ
УѾ䡣ǼƯұ߲ԶλáҶ֣˶ڶǣȴû˸Ҷ֡
һᣬԺķɵͻȻಡһ˳ת˲Ƿɵֱʧԭء
ڷɵʧһ̣ԶɫԲҲ֮ʧ
ˣ
жʱʧޱȡǱ˵̫ܲãϾԷʵǣû˵ǿǺá
磬ʵҪװʱʵǿװģ
·Ҷ򰵣ĴһֱĻǻûʲô˰
΢΢ҡͷǶЩۡһͻȻ֣ҲЩ⡣
Ҷ⻹࣬Ȼëߣ
ȻѾȻҲΪϽҪ˶
ҶһͷȻ֮ǰ˵һҪôж϶Էǲģ

֮ϣǿռԷʵǿĻᣬԷǿ˺ѿռǶܿռֻҪԷ˺ѿռ·ͻӦ
˵⣬Ҷܶǿռô˽⣬ô˵ɣʹĴ𣬿Ҳ޷ǿ˺ѿռԣܹ˺ѿռˣǾǳǿߡԷЯıҲǶģ
Ҷҡҡͷڴٰ
˵ûǾڴ١
ҶûּʹĴκβõˣ
˵ͷȻС֪ԭ𣬶ڣĴ֪ΪʲôΪһ۵ȻһΣλֱ䡣
ߣ
ĻҶʱסˡܿ죬ҡͷһЦֻ˵ùȥٵߡ
ʱͻȻûȤȥμһ׻᣿
׻᣿Ҷʡ
ڸȦӣÿһʱۻһΡۻĿģΪ߻ʲôõıԼȴòϵģͿȥ˻
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷã
ߣ
£Ѿʧԭء
ܿ죬ڰĴ£һɫǰʱһ߳˵ǰ
ָһöȭͷɫʯߵǰ
һɫʯȻʧԭء
ʲô⣿Ҷʡ
龧
ǻָҲֻⶫŶá˵ȦӵĻҡ˵⣬˶٣ֵ⣬󣡡
ʱҶһ̯УһöֻĴָСɫʯ𣿡
ǰĿҶеɫʯϣܿ죬ϾʯУþ龧ԣⲻһ龧Ʒ龧Իָ壡
˵⣬Ҷĵõģ
ĵõģ
Ҷ治ûشܲ˵Сİɣ
ʱ³çˡ˵ţָһϾʯصҶǰãһöԻʮöͨ龧ӵкֵܶĻʱȥ棬Ҳܹ׵ı
˵ţ߽ǹС
Ҷ˿еöϾʯû뵽Ȼôã׼ǿ߶ôأýС׶Ūˣ
뵽СףС׾ͻȻϡ
ҶСף˿̣СǴڣУ˷֮ɫ

ַ˱
ҶСױ˻Ȼɫ
СգգۣУа
ҶС׵СװɵӦͻȥ
һ̣С˫Բת˲æ˵СԴȻСצʾҲ
С׵ģҶЩЦãС׵СӣȻ˹С
ڣǺܴ󣬳ǧɣҲ٣ֻжʮҡܲЩ˵ϢȻЩ˶Լ
֮⣬˶ߣߴŶ񣬲ñ˿Լò
ЩɢɢܣǰڷණָĶУҶûмġ
ʱСͻȻָָԶ
Ҷ˳С׵צӿȥڲԶһˡǺ˵ǰڷһЩƷҶԥ£Ȼ˹ȥ
ʱͻȻԣ˵мǣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
΢΢ͷȻһߡ
ҶСߵǺ˵ǰںǰϣڷһȱһǵذףһƼ׵ͼԼһȭͷɫӡ
СҶĿⶼǿϣΪ̺֮żȵ
飡
ʱǺͻȻ̺һٵ۽Ʒķͱ
۽Ʒ
ҶҪʣʱССצָָӣȻҶָָԼ
СҪ
ҶС׵ԴȻǺˣ龧𣿡
ҡҡͷС
СգգۣȻҶţСצ
ܿ죬Ҷɫ
С׵˼ǣɣ
ҶߣСһôˡҪԺúúýУȻԺҪµģ
ûУǾ뿪ɣʱǺͻȻ
Ҷԥ£ȻһһѪ׳УѪףǺȹŮӸģҲ֪ǲʲô۽ƷԿ
Ǻ˿һеѪףȻЦƷҲó
Ҷ
ʱСͻȻóһԪָָˣָָצеԪ˵вС
˿һԪȻҡҡͷʱСóһöԪ
˵Ҳȱ
СգգۣСצһ̯һöϾʯצУ۰Ͱ͵ĿǺˣȻʣɲԡ
Ȼ˻ҡҡͷֻҪ۽׵ķͱ
СתͷҶȻСצָָǿ飬ţֻСצڶ
Ҷɫٴκ
ΪС׵˼ǣǻɣ


1837 


ҶȻȥҪ֪ǰλܾ׼ǿߡߣ֮ǰҲ˵طŵġ£Ǿͱˣ
ҶС׵СԴȻǺˣ̯֮Уһöӡ

öӳʱҶ֣ͻȻߣ׼ȷ˵ǿеöеϢЩ
һĻҶһû뵽Ȼôǿ⡣ãû˶֡
ʱҶǰĺͻȻֻһţ
Ҷҡҡͷһţһűҳˡ
˳ĬƬ̣Ȼһų㻻
ҶֱӽȻСתߡ
ʱóһöĻǾǺңһѾԻȡһˡЩ̰
ʱһߵͻȻҶǰû˵ָһһöȭͷֱӷɵҶǰĸ
СգգۣȻһѱסǿ飬ţһɾʱûڡһ̣СС¶顣
ǰǿ飬Ѿĵ߰˰ˣô顣
ҶһǰӣҲûзϻҪøԷʱ֮ǰǺͻȻҶǰҴӦ㻻
Ҷ˶Էһۣû˵ָһеɵӵǰɽ
Ȼתȥ
ʱǺͻȻߵҶǰʲô˼
Ҷ֮ǰ˵ҪҪȻҪԷ
û˵ˣҶоõԷڿҶûйܶԷǱСתߡ
ʱǺȴͻȻҶǰһǹӣ£ȥˣ
СױգգۣȻҶҶ΢΢ͷС׶ʱ˺ڡ
ʱҶҲǰһȻͻȻ͵һ𣬡ǲ뵥
һļӳ£֮쳹
һ̣˶ҶǺˡ
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ԣǺͻȻӿһĨǿϢʱһֳֺɫȵͻȻ˵ԡ
߿ҶǺһۣȻλѵ֪Ĺ𣿡
ǺҪ˵ʱҶͻȻвң˵ҲӣҪɱң
ˣ
߿һۺˣȻֿҶֻв㣬ûж֣
ҶҲû֣
߿ҶãȻλ˽˶Թȥﶯ֣Ը
ʱҶͻȻתߣͻȻתǺˣǹƽұ֤ˣ
ҶĻǺ˵ͻȻ˲
ˡ˼˽ˡ
ò˵Ǻ˴˿ЩģΪҶ̫ˣһԶӡ
ʱҶѾ߳˴߳תͷУֵĪ֣֣ǿžͺãҪ֣
ҶĻһۡ
˭Ī֣˭֣
ܿ죬˿ǺˡʱǺ˸ˡİֻйһˡ
ȥǲȥ
ʱ򣬺ЩˡȥʵǲÿȥĻǰһȻаֵġĬú󣬺˳˴ûȥҶֱʧ˵С
һĻҶжʱһɡʵҲԷΪڵʵ޷ɱһ׼ǿߡԷõĽ޷Ǿܾˣ
ղ֮ˣеЩˣΪղԵʣ˿϶Ѿġһ£Ļ鷳
ڿȻЧ
Ҷûоʹ뿪»ص˴˿̣֮Ѿָ
׼ǿߣҶֻǶһЩ䱸η壬˵η壬ɵ̸ϡܹģ˭ûˢӣ
ʱһŨλͻȻ˳СͬʱһͻȻڵ𣬡һöֵֻƷ߹
Ҷ֣˶Դ
ʱСֳļϣС׿ķҲԴҶ֣Сðˡ
ҶԼͷСʲôʱˣҪ
ʱеЩȫ˵Χ˹ȥ
ҶһۣΧмһӣӲûдߣҲûԼòǰͻȻҶԣ֪ʲô𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ûеģҲֻϽСɲˣղóǿá
ʲôãҶ
ҶǷãֱӴﵽ澳ĶΡȻǸã̫˷ˡ⣬ǵôġΪ̺ǳ⣬ԴǵڣЩڹؼʱ̣Ҳǿǵ
Ҷʲô˼
˵ڹؼʱ̴߶ٿԵֵסĴȫ߶ȥһɱһ׼ǿߣȻֻܴݻٶԷ塣
ԣҶЩȣ簵˵һö
˵˵Ǳ߰ɣȥ
Ҷ˵ͷŰȺ֮УʱܵЩ˶ڲóһȻȴֱҡͷȻûһġ
ʱһŻ۵ͻȻ£ֱ˵ҪʲôɣУԸ⣬Ȼ㻻Ȼ㣬ֻ˷ʱ䣡
ӿǻߣõıʲô
ҡҡͷҪǸҪʲô
ЦЦҪĶӦûС
߿һӣû˵
ʱҶ밵ߵӵǰһȻöС
е󣬱˵ȭͷҪһȦӨ͸ɢŵζ
ŹӣС۾ʱ
ʱӽݵС׵ǰҪ𣿡
Сæ˵ͷ
͸㣡ͻȻ
סҶ
ʱֵһССܼ򵥡˵ţһҶȻֻҪǱңҾͰ͸㣬ô
ԣҶɫ˲


1838 Ҷǣ

Ҷ֪Է϶˵ľľǰѾϳ
Сգգۣ˿ӣȻֿ˿Ҷ˿̣ҲоЩԾˡɵҶϣĿżǻ鲻Խöϡ
ʱӿҶЦô
Ҷ˭
Ҫ𣿡ӵ
ҶȷʵҪǸҲ㻻
ЦЦǾˣ˵꣬еȻתȥ
ܿ죬˵ע£뿪˴뿪ú󣬴еһЩҲ֮뿪˴
ҪˣҶԣͻȻȥ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ܿ죬Ҳʧ˵С
˸ճͻȻ
䣡
ԶͻȻһըըͻȻʼҲ
Ҷ밵һۣȻ˻̲סջ󣬿ʼˡϧ붼ȥġ
ΪΣҶʡ
˼ȻҵóֲԼضǶԼʵĵġˣԲһƲ硣
Ҷ̧ͷԶңԶĿУǿڲ˸һҶջĿ⣬Ȼ򰵣Ϊϳң
̫⣬طҪҵ㣬ĳЩ˵̫ѡͺñĴҪ˭Ҷܸһҵ
Ҷ˵ͻȻԶƽ
ˣ
ʱͻȻҶ밵ǰӿһ۰ȻЦû뵽ĴȻһֻ澳ε˽һ𡣡
û´Ӧ֮һĹŵ۰ɣ
Ц죬Ĵߣ˭Ӳ۾
ۣҶ򰵡
ߣĴ֮£ۡҹҲ֮һǰλԣҲǹŵۡ
йԵЦЦʲô۲ۣЩûõ˵⣬ҶĲȻ˹ûǽãǶڵİǾ޴ġ
Ҷҡҡͷľ˵ô󡣶ңС׿϶Ӧýȥӵġ
һĨϧȻʧˡ
Ҷһ۹ԣȻ¿߽λñ¶ȥ
кô𣿡
ԵʵһԻ㣬Ҹ޷ɱ㡣ʱˣҲ֪Ҳ뱻˶šûɹԼͻһˣֿ⣬ҿɲ
ԣҶЦŵЩ˼
ʱŵۿҶ˵ҹ֮ЩԹ
Ҷ˵ͷݵĶԹ
ŵ΢΢ҡͷʮڣҪȥ𡣡
ΪΣҶ⡣
ŵ۵к̨ģʲǫ̂ҾͲ˵ˡңλ۵ĹϵҲĺáҪɱöҼ֣
Ҷһ۹ŵۣʱŵ۵ˡȻҹۣҲɵȥԷΪСϾ޹ʵģ˵أ
Ҷʼ磬û˵ʲô
ʱͻȻͬʱ̧ͷ˿У߾ͷɫͨ˿̣ɫͨͻȻ
ŵ۵ˣ
Ҷ
ܿ죬˵ע£ɫ֮ͨУͻȻ߳һˡһɫ׵ӣУһɫǹ
ӣŵüͷЩ򵥡
Ҷ˵ͷӴϽȻҲܵ˺ܴģΪԷɫǳĲ԰ףңԷϵǿҲǱ鲼ơ
ʱΧͻȻ޵ϢȻһ̣һͻȻڳ𣬡ˣɶ
ƽȴ̺һĵ̲סҪ
ǹŵüͷĸˡ
ôˣҶ
ŵ۳˭Ȼܹһλ棡
Ҷ̧ͷǿӣʱǿɨһܣȻ˾֮½Ѱ˽Ͻһͷһ׹䣬д˽ߣϵ
кô𣿡ʱһͻȻڳ
ӿһԴȻɻõ۽Ʒһ
ԣͻȻĬת˲ͻȻڳ𣬡Ҷǣ
·Ҷ
УǿüͷҶǺˣ
ʱһͻȻ˿ӵǰȻ½һޣ˵֮ڴС
ƷΣֵ
˵ûƷԣĺ¼Ѫȣɱ⣬Ѵﵽ
Ҷ
Уɫɱ⣬˽ȻУǸ˵ţǺˣںδ
ҡҡͷ֪ԷӦþɽΪԷҲҪȥϽ硣
΢һ˸ƷǺ˵ǰ˻δǺ˾ֱӽǶȻתʧԭء
ʱɨһܣȻҾڴ˵أҶߣϵṩҶߣɴһ۽Ʒı
Կɵ棿ʱһڳ
棡˵
ܿ죬ƽеЩˣȻ뿪˳СԭȻȥѰҶ
·Ҷԣǹŵ밵˲ԼͬתͷҶ
Ҷû˵Ѿӿ
еˣ
ŵ۵˵ͷͬǳˣҲǳĶңֿɵã
Ҷû˵
ʱŵͻȻЦЦȻתȥ
Ҷ΢΢һȻΪʲô
ŵͣ½ŲȻãǣģǻġһƷһѣѡߡһԭСӣҵ㣬ʵ㲢ʲôʮˣ֮ô鷳඼̰Եʡңһ㣬ºԭ򣬽壬Ƣ
˵⣬˶٣ֵطȶһˣҸϣܹһѣ
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼ򰵣˵ûطǶһЩѣǶһЩˡ֪Ϊβѡҹۣѡ㣿
Ҷҡҡͷ
ΪҹۣѡˣļƣΪһЩ飬ԲֶΡǣ㲻ᣬԭģһų֮ġȻһ㣬ǾǱţֻҪ㲻䣬ڲý磬㣡
˵⣬üͷͻȻ
ôˣҶʡ
ҶöµҪģУһλ
Ҷ


1839 Ͻĺ
öˣ
˿̵ҶɫȻЩÿģһδƽһҹ۵黹ûϽһˣˣҪġ
ʵڸղţԭľȥġ˵˾ľ飬ԷڶΪȻлǽ˾˵ġ
Ȼû뵽ԷҪľҪ
ʱȻύľ
ջ˼Ҷ򰵣˵Ĵ˭
ҡҡͷԷҪܣԣ͸¶Էݣء֮ڿʼСһ㡣
ҶЦЦɽȹŮӵĻˡ

⽣鷳е޾ôҲѽȥģľԼҪ뿪
䣡
ʱɽͻȻһ
Ҷ򰵣ǰȴ˿еɫͨ˺ѿռ䰵
ԷҪˣҶ
˵ͷһΣֻɽһ£ڣֵôû´Էͻֻǲ֪һϽλܣ
Ҷ˭˶ģ𣿡
ıûе۽׵ģӦ˵Ǻٵģĵ۽ױ඼ǴϽġ֮ЩĿģϣʱʱ༸ֱϡ
˵⣬ҶǽúñţպȥϽʱضкܴġ
Ҷ˵ͷľǲ㽻ȥˡЩˣֻҪ͸¶λãʱڣЩҲġ
ʱҶ밵һط
ȡ
ڵǣΧڰеǿһڵȣλϽˡ
ɽԽԽƵ
УҶ˺СսУͻȻסˡΪһʱŨŨĳ̶Ѿ˿
Сף
Ҷ뵽Сףܿ죬ҵСף˿̣Сվľ
ԲԶǺ棬˿̣Сס
ʲôҶʡ
俴һҶȻСһǿȥˡȻǿӵ̫࣬һ³ˣȻͿʼ£Ѿºܾˣ
Ҷ
һᣬҶҪ¶ã
ҡҡͷ֪Ǻ¡ԽŨĻָٶȾԽ죬˵ٶȾԽ졣ţ˶ãȥһˡ
һ㣡
Ҷ̧ͷ˿УĲսۣڣʲôأ
Щ棬ҲЩڴˣ
һᣬҶûйСף뿪ԭء
һߣһʯʯ֮ϣһһŮŮһϮȹ
ȻҶŮ϶
϶ҶļϣĿȴǿԶ󺣣е㻳ߴ½ˣ
ʲôҶ
϶תͷҶƤһЦô㣬ǸʱǾҪҰæء˵⣬ЦͻȻʧˣЩįڣҶ޷ʲôˣ
Ҷ϶Դǰ㱣ңڻұ㣬ѵ𣿡
϶һҶû˵ֻǾҶļ
ʱҶ뿪˺
Ҷ뿪СһŮӱǳ϶ԡ
϶ޱ޼ʵĴС㣬ǸҪҴӦˡ
СҡҡͷСҪȥ˵
϶תͷС죬Сָܹоֻܿϲ˹¾սĸо𣿡
СĬˡ
϶תͷԶĴ󺣣ҲΪߵһƿҪΪ̻ʹֻжݵĲãҲҪΪţΪˣ¸κδۣ
Сҡҡͷǡ

ҶջصʵУɽٴξҲһ¡
ʱǰԡһҶȻҪˣ
Ҷ̧ͷɫͨҲЩ棬ľλأ
ΪʲôһֱܣҶͻȻ
һʼҲɻ󡣵ǵõһϢǾǣƺѰʲôģ
ѰҶ
Ҷ㶣ܿ죬ɫЩŹˡЩһѰҺİɣҲпܣϽ磬ǿһӦò٣
ʱֵȻΪϽ类׷ɱʲô˵ĻȻġЩ߰ԭ򣬲ЩҪҪǣǵĵΪᣬȥĻᣡ
Ҷҡҡͷһ£Ͻ۸½ˣڣȴ½˴Ͻˡ
ʱԭɽͻȻͣ
ԸѾɹ˺ѵпռСĵ㣬λһӲӣ
Ҷ˵ͷò˵ڵҲЩġ飬Ȼǵһôһ٣ǻǵһΣ
˭һζеŵģ
ʱһǿϢͻȻڳһ
Ҷ밵ͬʱɫһ䣬ΪǹϢȻֻһǣȴһ˲õǸоһɳصѹ
Ĵ𣿡Ҷʡ
΢΢ҡͷӦòǣˣȻġΪ˵ʣµġ
ʣµģ
Ҷ
ʱ֮һ
Ҷ򰵣ҹۣ˭ǿ
ŴڿɱңģɰտɱȻҲпܱɱ
Ҷһҹ۴ԶԷʵûһȷĸڿԷʵĻҪǿ࣡
ʱû£Ȼ򲻹Ժضܡ
Ҷ˵ʱеɫͨͻȻҲ
ˣ
һ̣ǿȫ̧ͷɫͨ
ҶҲ̧ͷɫͨλˣ
ʱһһȥڣɫͨԽԽ졣
ԼһӺ
䣡
һɼǿϢͻȻӿ˳Ϣֵһ˲˵ɫһ䡣
Ҷ밵
ΪϢֵһ˲Ȼõȥ
ǿ
һ̣ҶѾˡλԲһˣȥ٣ˣ
ʱһͻȻɫ֮ͨ˳˳󣬲û뿪ͣԭء
һ̣˿ˡ
ǻ֮УһֻͨĺӣǺӵ˫ۣȻŻ棡
ںӵϣ鲼ѺۣЩѺ֮ࡣңںؿڣӡһɫӡɫӡֱӽӵǰŪİȥõúǰŤΡ
ˣ
˵һ뷨
ܿ죬ӰͻȻǺӳ˹ȥ
ӰɢϢǿȰȻ׼ǿߣȻ֣
ʱǺͻȻ̧ͷӰһ̣ͻȻһɫ


1840 Ҷˣ
ɫںеһ̣һʱԺϯһ̣Ǹɫǰһɨ
Уһǰֱʧˣ
д󾪣
ΪǸûз֣ôʧģ
ʣǺɨһܣҪٴγ֣ȻʱɫͨͻȻҲ
оһĻǺüͷʱת˲ֱʧԭء
УסΪǸûзôʧġζʲôζӵٶȣ̫̫ˣ
ںʧúһŽɫĹâͻȻɫ֮ͨ˳˶뿴ŽɫâȻʲôҲΪ޷ǹ⣡
ܿ죬ŽɫâɢţһͷӳСͷһϮɫۣǰһӣƣһׯʥĸо
ͷɨһܣȻ˺Ա壬ʵǿޱȣλɱ֮˵꣬һʧԭء
а
ûȥ׷
ЦղǺӿһɨλ׼ǿ߰ҶԷ״̬ҲֻĴ߲ܹ
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ʱҪԼСĵ㣬ȻڽĵӣǣⲢҲ㡣ϣ´λмĻᣬǣ
˵꣬תʧԭء
ߺҶڣȻ֣ղֻ𣿡
ǣ
ʶ𣿡Ҷ
֪֮ĹϵΪβô𣿡
ΪʲôҶʡ
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Ѿ̫ƽˣЩˣһƻƽ⡣Сӣþʵرľ磬Ǹֻоˣ꣬о񣬲Żŵõϧһ鷳࣬û̫ʱ
ҶĬʵȻѾõǣڳֵ˶ЩʲôˣЩϹЩˣ˵ֻǿܹ׼ǿߵʵ׼ǿЩǰǲİ


ҶصʵɨһܣȻһ뿪ɽ
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һĻԶǺ϶ʱһĨЦݣǺܿ죬ϵЦݽӲΪԭ䵽ϵҶͻȻվ
·ҶԼԴȻ̧ͷǺˣԭ˺ôᰡ
֮ǰһֱԼȥӲǺڹ⣬ϾǺڹ⿴Ҳġû뵽ԴǺڹһӲӲ֣ǺڹⲢûôǿԴֻǸоЩѣΣǺܿͻָ
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˿̵Ҷ緢һ㣬˫ȭǺ˾һͺ䡣Ѿ׷˷ҲЩڹ⣬Ǻ˵ɡͷźڹ⳯ȥ
ǣǺ˿ɲҲҲΪˣǺڳױҶѹơ
˿̵ҶԽսԽ˷ܡȭͷˣȫ¡ǲᶯģһȭڴƻû̫塣˲һ˻ᷴͬͷǿ
ģǺ˵Ǳɡʼˡ
ʱǺһֱ˵ǧɿ⣬һ̣̰㾡ӿǺɡ֮Уӿһ˲ǺɡͻȻǣֻһ˲䣬ѱɴȻҶͷ
Ǻ˴ʱҲվǺɡ֮ϡ
Ȫ䣡
ʱͻȻǺ˵ɲǼ䣬ϸţëĺɫǾɡ֮бֻһ˲ͽҶû
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仰֪˭ģһѸɽÿ䡣
һ˲䣬ɽطȻǿȥ


1841 þˣ
ŵ֮ϣɡƵһ̣ǺɣҶ˾롣
˳Ҷ
ԶҶҲ⣬óһ̣ѾûҪԼˡղŵһսõ֪Ҫɱһ׼ǿߣǸܵģ
ڵֻһ׼ǿ߿⣡
ҶľҪ֣ͻȻǰĿռܿ죬һ𣺡ӣ
ǰ
ӣ
Ҷüͷʱǰ𣺡ӣ
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ӣô𣿡
ǺһһҶ׷˹ȥ
ڵҶǾһܹɱҶǾܻľľǿﰡɱҶֻҪǣסʱҲԻһ۽Ʒı
һ̣ޱȵļ
ܿ죬Ҷããǿ֮УһʼЩⰵ˼ǣ뿪ǿŵ֮ˡΪǿϢǿŵֶ
һĻҶɫʱ
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ʱͻȻתͷȥһɫ
Ǻˣ
ҶûͣҲͣһʱȥ
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ϢЩϢ糱ˮȥȻƬǿȥҶĻͻ֣ᷢЩȥķ֮ǰ߹ġ
޾ǿ֮УҶһǰǿ֮мһ׷ĺɫ⡣
ҶתͷһǺɫ⣬бһƬֻ˵ĻͣԷһսˡǣͣԷ֣϶ǿ߸Χ
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ΪһϢѾǺˣǵϢ˴˿ԼٶȽӽ
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ҶһĨɫһľУһ̣һת˲ֱӴǱǹĶˡ
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Ҷɨһܣܿ죬Զһ̣һֱʧԭء
أ
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ϢһϸСڵͻȻСܿ죬ڵԽԽһϢڵ㣬ѾŴٰٱ
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ĬƬ̺ͻȻ·ǿŵת˲ͻȻסǱɫǹһ̣һǿϢͻȻϯ˿̣ǺɫǹͻȻʼҲ·һ㡣
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ǱǹѾ˴ֱ׷Ҷ֮Χһһȫ𡣶ٶûмԽԽ죬ԽԽǿ
ԭɫѾҶɫͻȻһ䣬ΪһɼǿϢסϢסԼٶȳ׷
Էûз
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ʱҶ˵棬ٴããǿ֮С
ճǿգҪٴμ٣ȻʱһͻȻ𣬡þˡ
ԣҶĶʱ


1842 磬Ҫɱ㣡
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ͬʱһźɫƬ絶һ㳯ȥ
Ҷӿһľ֮мȻķ֣ЩƬҪӴĽһ̣ЩƬͻȻͣȻһת䣬ֱƹĽţʮɺɫƬ˲佫û
أ
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һϢҶǧɿ⣬ϣŽʮѪۡЩɫƬѾȫɻصӵܣԼٶתš
Ҷ˿ԼϵЩѪۣȻ̧ͷӣޱȡղһ̣ǿѾʬˡ
ЩƬȫҪ
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ˣҶԥһۣת˲ֱʧԭء
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Ҷǰ˵Ժڲ⽣ڶͦȥ
Ĭˡ
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Ҫ
ҪҶ
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ʱ
䣡
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ɫӣҶɫʱһ䣬лδľ͵سǰһ
أ
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ʱǰһţһֳֽɫĺӳǰ
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Ҷ


1843 ǽѣ
ϢֺǺ̧ͷʣУ֡һ̣еǸɫͻȻһ
ʡ
䣡
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ʱǺһУǸɫʱһصСͬʱǹŻﺮҲʡ˿̣ɫޱȵء
ͻȻɫһ䣬Ϊ·ǺӿǶˣһĻ붼û룬ֱתܡգۼ䣬˱ʧҶǺӵС
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һĻ·ҶһǺӣȻתӡڲӣʱȻŲһɫǳǰסȥ·
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תǺӣʱǺ̧ͷʣһ̣ͻȻһУɲǼ䣬ҶǸɫʱһ𣬵ɫ֮󣬽ɫͻȻ֮䱩ʮ
һɵĽɫһɨ

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һɾʱҶУһ˲䣬Ҷ鲻Խ˿ţǽֱǹͷСͬʱҶٴαسǧɣ

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֮УҶǺӡ
ҶԵĺӣղΪʲôŪ
תͷһۣһҶҪ
Ҷ⣬ΪΣһҷ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷһ۷ʱڣǴ˿̣һϢڱȡ㣬ðϢҪ
Ҷ
ҶĬˡȻöԷŻΪԷûŻ
һᣬҶӣôƺ
ӿһҶȻ롭


1844 
˵⣬ͻȻͣһҶȻתߡתͣţҶеľ
ҶƤһ㲻ǿ⽣˰ɣ
һĨĴָʳָһת˲ǸɫУţһףǸɫҶǰ
Ҷ۾һҪ͸ңʶôǸҾͲ˹˵ţæסǸɫ
Ȼȴķ֣òǸɫ
ʱӵãõġ
Ҷһۺӣ˫סǸɫȻʼȻǸɫ˿
һ̣ҶɫֲһȭȥɽѡȻڣ˫ȴ޷ɫƶֺ
ҶǺӣʱӵ֮أǽ´򣬶ڷΧõö

Ҷʲô˼
ӵΪ֣ԼڣֻڷܹҲѵˣ
Ҷû뵽ȻҲеȼ֣Լͼķ
ֵ⽣ȻǣҴһҲߣҲý˵ţһУǽɫʱһʧҶǰ
ҶһҪ濴ľĻڵʵǸûз֮ġӵʵֱ
ʱҶͻȻ뵽һ⡣
ӵʵѾ죬ȴ״̬ôˡ˭˵ģһƵ½磡
ʱǺͻȻԸ

Ҷ㶣Ȼʲô
ӵ֮ǰˣһＫǿרſңǣ⽣ȴɱȻҲɱһˣΣ
ԣҶæҡͷЦˡ㶼ܻɱȥɱǲ𣿡
ӵ޴ʹãԲԸ㣡
ΪΣҶ
Ϊֵãӵ
꣡
Ҷɫһڣ̲סˡܲܺú˵ˣʲôвֵã
ӵԣлɱҲУֻҪ΢һᣬͻɱҡȻǲԸҲɣҲǿ󣡡
ҶĬúȻҡҡͷ㲻Ҳս
ӵҲھɱԺǻɱңǲɱңǲȥġٶȣ£Ȼ޷ɱң
Ҷԥ£Ȼʲô
ӳһ֡
һ֣Ҷס
ӵԣһ֮ء
ԣ
ҶʲôǺȴҡҡͷҲϲϻʽףԸǲһ仰
Ҷ룬ȻԸ⣬ǣʵСҪȺܾú󣬲ſȥɱ
ʵ֮ԴӦҪǹͷ֮ǰҪĽһҪɱţȥҶԷ鷳ԷԺ϶Ҳ鷳ģ
ҡҡͷҪ̫á
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ӵǱɻʱ䣬գۼ飡
Ҷ
ʱͻȻָһһëҶǰҪɱ˭ֻҪ߶ܶԶϢڣұصߡ
䣬ͻȻһʧԭء
Ҷ˿ǰĺëһ̣뵽ҹۡȥɱҹۣӵʵȻǿġǣᡣ
ĳҪ
ѪŮ
뵽ѪŮҶɫʱ
úҶǰǸë⣬һ
ɨһܣ̧ͷʣһĨɫ׷ɱңڣҲǳ׷ɱζ
£Ѿʧԭء
ܲ
У찵ҶãȻȷҪ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Щˣ׼ǿߡڵʵҪɱ׼ǿߣƺѣ
Ҷ˭˵Ҫǹģ
΢΢һܿ죬ʲô΢΢ͷȻҲһ£֮ǰ׷ɱģһжʮλǿߡУʵǿľﺮǹŻáͨ˵٣ÿʮöƷϾʯˣҪʮöһʮöƷϾʯ㻹֮ǰҿ־ʯֻҪʮöɣ
Ҷָһһöɽɵ˰ǰɨһǾͣȻţȷһ£ҪôôпԼ
ҶѾǾˣңҲŹҵģ𣿡
΢΢ͷȥɣЩ˵䣬ᴫǰ
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Ҷȥ󣬰ĬãȻҪ̫ƽˡ
һʱ
ҶһƬɽ֮Уһ֣˳˲ʱһɽǰڴɽײһڡ
ҶɨһܣȻһһƺӰǶڡ
ڣһԲľʯϣһߡ
Ҷ붴еһ̣˫۶Ȼ˿ת˲һֱӳУȻ𳤵ǰ͵ؾһ
Ȼܿ죬еĳͣ˰С
ΪһľֱӴü䣬ĳľľ롣ֻҪ΢һ㣬ͿԶһ
ǰҶҶ
˿̣ҶûдۣԣԷϳ
ҶûзϻգѪʱߵü伤ȻʱһӰͻȻֶȻԼٶȳԶƮȥ
ٶȼ죬գۼѾӳɽ֮⡣
ĻǣСӣ֣
ʱҶ˺
Ҷ˱ʧԭأת˲һɽ֮һ
֮һռͻȻһת˲һӰǺӰҪһռԾʱһͻȻڳһ
ͣ
ǵֱӶǵӰӰ˲ըѿСԿɢ䡣
ɢȥҶ˳С
˿̣ҶɫĲ԰סղţΪɱߣʩչδŲζ־աرǵһΣսʱʱһԥһԥ޷ɱԷ
һ޷ɱԷԶԷʵ㱻ˣԷҲܹߵģ
ڣȥ󣬾͹ϳ֣
ɱ
ҶһһΣ֪ȻŲһܹĹ׼ǿߣǣкܴһɱԷ
ɱ֣
ڣҶҪΪһɱ֣
ʱҶǰĿռͻȻ˲ܿ죬Ҷ̧ͷұߣһ̣һ֮⡣


1845 ˣ
ɱ
Ҷģǰɱ׼ǿߣ浥ĻûаܹɱԷǣɱаջɱ
ǹ׶㣬ѷ
һΣҶҪɱģͬһ׼ǿߡ
һƬããɽ֮УԭžɽͻȻһ̶Ľת˲ʧˡ
ɽһλָƽ
һɽףҶ˿ǰǾʬ壬ȻһУʬָϵɽʱɵСɨһۣҶʱһϲΪƷϾʯȻϰ֮࣡
ȻСڣȱϾʯǣС׿ûôڿ졣ҪϾʯΰɣ
Ͼʯл౦û۵ġ
ûͣҶٴʧããɽ֮С
ܿ죬һһ׼ǿʧڣЩˡȻʼ顣һʱ䣬ɽˣڿʼ龿˭ڷɱЩ׼ǿߣ
ɱ¾ڼ
ܿ죬ҶòͣˡΪûڸṩЩ˵鱨ˡ
ܲС
ɱȥˣ
ΪΣҶ⡣
ɱôˣڣ綼ΪɵģɱȥʱЩ׼ǿ߿϶ҪԸˡ
Ҷǣ
ҡҡͷ㻹֪ɽˮжڣЩڿʼˡϾͻȻôǿ䣬ǿ϶ǻģ޷ǣҶɱģ˵ɱģǿ϶Ҳǲŵġԣͣͣɣ
Ҷ룬ȻҲԣҪҹɲ֯Աλá
Ҫҹɲˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ڣ㻹ҹ۵Ķ֡
ҶֲǸɡ
ĬƬ̣ȻҲգԼ˽£Լҵһ£ҹɲ֯ô򵥵ģҪǳ֣СİԼȥ
ҶЦЦлѣ
ҶѾû˵ʲôһУһҶǰҹɲ֯һЩ˵ϣЩˣֻģˣҹɲ֯һЩϹЩˣ޷鵽ϵġ
Ҷ˵ͷлˣ
˵꣬תʧ˴С
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Ůӣǰʱ΢΢һ䣬ˡ
Ů΢΢ͷȻ̧ͷ˵⣬Ҷȥķ
ʱǰͻȻ֪ΪҪ°
Ůӿһ۰Ȼ˵ʲô
ԥ£ȻȻţǣҾѳɳңǾܾΪṩټѾõǳˡرҹɲ֯ΪЩܻ
Ůӵһ۰Щ㲻ùܣҽ鼴ɣ
ǣ
ٴȥ
ŮջĿ⣬Ȼתͷ˵⣬˿˿¡

뿪ܲҶֱҹɲǡ
ҹɲǣɽĴ֮һҲҹɲ֯һݵ㡣ʥǲһʥֻҪ㽻ŷѣκ˶ԽȥǣҹɲȴǲУΪҹɲǲ׼˽룬ڳеˣҹɲ֯ġ
ҹɲһҶ̧ͷһ۳ǽǽ֮ϣûˣſҲûˡǣҶܶǿء
ҶǱҹɲǣкҶɨһܣţһʧԭء
ҹɲ
ʮˣΪ׵һӣӲҹۣҹɲ֯Ķҹҹ۵ĵܵܡ
ҹ˫΢գ·Щ˳ĬԵЩ
˺һҹͻȻôǲԸ׷Ҷ䣿
ʱ·һվ˳ǣʹǿıѾܸߣǾܾɶһ˵⣬ԥһ£ȻֵҾбضΣ
ҹ΢΢ͷȻеġʵҲܺ棬Ϊλ㡣Ҫ˵ηҶȻǲܵġѵ˵ҶǸ࣬߸õĺô
·߳ҶˣѾر¼ϡҹɲԸ񣬱ضҹɲݣǲպضΪһߣȻڰҹɲ
ҹ΢΢һЦģǺܿͻ֪ˣ
߿ҹɻ
ҹҸѾԳ㣬öԷҶλã
㣡
ҹĻнһҲ֮һصһλƽʱǸײβġ֮⣬һţǾǣ߽֡
ȻֻǴţûǻ£û֪
·ߵԷԸ
ҹ΢΢ͷҸиպжԷҪĶԣԷӦһΣȻֻһΣǣѾ㹻ˡ˵ţһ۵⣬ȻԷ˵ʱǽӦÿ쵽ˣ
ʱһͻȻǵ⼤
ҹһУǾʱУеľᣬҹǷһĨЦݣ˵͵㣬㾡¡
˵ţ˾ᣬϵʱɫȻ䣬ôܣ
ϣֻ֣ҹɲǣ
ʱͻһ㺮ͻȻڵ֣㺮ֵһ̣ɫˡ˶û뵽˾ȻǱҹɲ
ֵһ̣ҹȫëţͻȻһһı⣬ֵһ̣һľͻȻüĽ֮ϡ
أ
һת˲䣬ǽֱըѿһ̣ľҹüһ
ͣ
һѪֱҹü伤Ǻܿ죬һͻȻҹըѿҹһҲ˲䱻ɢޡ
ҹ껯޵һ˲ǵ㺮󳷣ʱ˴ȣס
£ʮϢͻȻǵ㺮ֶȥЩϢһ֣ǵ㺮Ѿҹɲ֮⣬ת˲ǵ㺮ҹɲǵ֮⣡
Ŀ죬ߵҲ죡
ҹɲǣ˿˶µġ
ҹɲ͵Ϯˣ
׼ȷ˵ǣҹɲǣȻĿ֮»ɱҹɲ֯Ķ
ҹɲڣǰҹͷʬ壬˶Ĭ
һᣬеλЩߵͻȻվ˳Ȼ֪ͨͳ죡
ʱһԥһ£Ȼͳ˵ҵҶȻκ鲻ô
ŭû״˸ղõǽԷҶڣҶܹɱͳ죬Ҳζܹɱǡȥ֪ͨͳ죬˵ҶѾ֡
˵⣬˫ͻȻԲ
δ䣬һ㺮ͻȻڳ


1846 ʥλ
δ£һͻȻü伤
ͣ
ѪȪˮü˳
Ȼǵ㺮ȴѾʧ˴С
˴ľ
˶û뵽ҶȻɱˣղ˶ûа
ܿ죬˻عһæ֪ͨ죡
ʱɫͻȻһ䣬Ȼ˵⣬ʱһɻصͻȻҹɲϿϮ˼ǿҵѹ˾÷·һ㣡
ҹɲǱضữΪҽ
֣
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬺ܿ죬ǿ߳ͬʱһǿϢǹѹȥ˺֮£ǹҹɲϷʱɢޡ
ʣһĻҶаϧ
ûͣתߡ
ռ˱˾͵ߣ
ȻʱһͻȻҹɲϿ𣬡ɱ˾Ҫߣ㻹ɣ
Ҷɫʱ΢䣬Ǻܿ죬ɫ
ҹۣ
ҹ۵
ҹ£һǿʱҶΧʱһͻȻڳ쳹ת˲ҹǹֱӱ˺ѷ顣
ת˲Ҷ֮⣬Ȼ˿Ѿһӡ
ӣҹۣ
ҹ۴һҶȻ⣬û뵽ɳز㡭
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
ܣǳҹ۵ǰţһ㺮ֱҹü䡣Ȼǽҹü仹вʱͻȻͣΪľֱӱָסˣ
ָȻҹ۵ָ
ҹۿҶ˵ʲôʱҶ˫ս͵ؾһ
أ
ҹֱӱҶľ֮е˰ɿ⣬ҹ۸ͣҶĽѾüλáʱҹ۽ͻȻһת˲ֱӴҹ۵ü䡪
ȻֻǲӰ
ʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬ţתһն£
أ
£Ҷȴֱӳɡ
ԶҹɫͳˮڵҶǸҶѾȫһղѾܹвˡ
ÿֲĳɳٶȣ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
Ų
Ľٱͼ죬ڣϴŲĽٶʱﵽļޣͬʱҲﵽޡٶȴﵽһ̶ȣҲǿԱģ
Ҷʧһ̣ҹ˫۶ʱ΢ת˲ֳǰһգ
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䣡
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ȻǸɫҲֻ˲ҹҲԭأ˿
ƣ
ʱҹͻȻڳת˲ҶɫȻһ䣬ΪһɾǺɫ֮ӿ˳
أ
Ҷֱӱǧɿ⡣
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䣬ͻȻǰ̤һţ˫ֳǰһɲǼ䣬һɫļ񳤴̳ǰɫֵ̳һ˲ʽǻҰ·ҹ٣
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ʱǸ񳤴ͻȻתһ̣
һ˲䣬Ҷ֣ΧǧڵĿռȻЩ
Ҷд󾪣ڣӿͬʱһͻȻü˳ת˲䣬ɻֱӽеľڴ˿Ҳһ𽣣

һ̣Ҷ˿ӣ
ת˲һ潣ͻȻڳһȻǸɫֱӵķʽײһ
â
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ҹ𳤴̣ת˲УһԼߣе񽣣ǣȴģʹ״˴ƮһֻĴָСĺɫߡ
һ̣ҹ۾Ҷվһ̡
壡
һĴ̶ͻȻڳ쳹ת˲һɫͻȻҶȥ֮ռֱӱ״
Ҷˡ
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Ҵ⣬Ҷеľһ󼲻ӣɲǼ䣬潣ľ˼һ˲䣬ֱһƬ潣ꡣ
ͣ
ʣһը
ʱҹ۱ͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶͷţеֱӶҶ͵ؾһҡ
ҶӦ죬Է£ľӭȥȻľԷӴɫ˲䣬Ϊһ̣оȻһѣΣ·ԴػһԴ
ţоԼؿڴһʹţ˳ɳ˽ɵľ룡
δͣ£һɫǰ
ҶæǿסȻ˫־ٽǰ͵ؾһ
أ
ǵֱӱɢȻǴɢһ̣ϸָĺɫСͻȻҧ˹ȥ
䣡
ʱһͻȻҶڳЩС߻δҶֱӱճޡ
ԶһĻҹüͷʱ
ҹ۶棬Ҷ˽еĽҪٴγ֣ʱһͻȻϮת˲ǵֱӳҶǰҶд󾪣æٽһ
أ
Ҷľһת˲Ҷֱӱɿ⡣
һͣҶǱһĨѪ
ʱһɫ׵ӳҶԶ
˾ˣ
ӿҶ֮ˣȻҲҳʥ𣿡
䣬ҶеľţóһɫʣȻ˾֮ǰٻʥʥλ
䣬ҶеľͻȻҲҪҶ֡


1847 Ұѽ⣡
Ҫѣ
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һĻԶüͷʥλ
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СգգۣΪԼ
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С۾գѽգһᣬˣ£Сצ˿ССצɿľʱһûӵĽ֮С
һĻСжʱһĨˡʱԶеĽ뽣ͻȻһȻ֣ţľŽС׵ǰ
Ҷ
ҶСסҲסˡ
ܿ죬Сױľ࣬뵽ʲô̧ͷԶһЦţСצָָӣȻָָʣ˵ллˣ
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Сûйɫѿӣľֱ˺ڡ
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أ
һըҶ˴˽ǧɵľ롣һ̣ȴʧԭأٴγʱѾӵǰţһ潣ֱӳӺ£
ǷһĨת˲һתеǹŭһƳϾһ̡

һ̶ڳֱӱһس·׹£ҶȴҲԷһǹسˡ
ҶûٴγǽǹһԶʼȥ
ӮӣԱ߻һҹأ
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ܿ죬һҶϯ֮ЩϸСֱӻΪ˻ҽȻһ飬ҹѾǰҹһֵģӣ
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䣬һתɲǼ䣬һ㺮ҹ۵ǰ
ҹ˫΢УڣһĨ裬ת˲еĳǰһһֱӹסҶĽסҶԴٴθоһѣΣתоԼһʹ
أ
Ҷػֱӳ󵹷˽ǧɡ
ҶǰһѪڣղڹؼʱ˵Ŀ죬ҹһֱӰ඼
ʱͻȻҹ۵ĳ깴۽Ʒû뵽СǶ³С
ҹۿһӣû˵תͷ˲ԶҶò˵ȷʵţǣҡ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭأҶʧһ̣ҹɫʱһ䣬Ϊһ潣ѾͷȻû뵽Ҷ֮󣬻ôķ
Ȼġ
ǵ潣ͷ໹аɾʱҹгֱӳϴ˹ȥһ̣ҶˣǶ˵ϸСͻȻͷųһ㰵ɫĹâ
һ̣ҶеԼΪÿζоѣˣ
ڽǳҪӴһʱͻȻҶĽͣת˲ʧҲʧҶѾǧ⡣
ҹüͷû뵽ҶȻͻȻ֡
ԶҶһҹеǳüͷȻѾڣǣô⣿еľȷʵԶǳصˣǣÿһνӴᾫѣΣڶΣԷ㱻ľն飬˹Ҳùˣ
ʱԶҹͻȻҽ͵һգת˲һɫֱҶ
һΣҶûԷӲӲ˫սǰһɲǼ䣬潣ǵصĳҹۼȥֻһ˲䣬ҹ۱ǱЩ潣û
䣡
ʣһը쳹
ԶӿǰһĻɫԽĳˡδ뵽ҶȻܹҹ۶Դ򡣶Ҷ澳ǿߣȻľػ棬ǣ˫֮ľ࣬Ƿǳģ
Ȼû׵һ㣬ǾʥΪλҶ
ʥϽ磬ƣֻϲƵĶˣҶȻʲô֮ǣʥȴԸʹ׵ĵط
䣡
ʱԶͻȻһֱӽӵ˼˻̧ͷԶҶҹۣ˿̣ҶҹѾ˿˴ʱǧɡ
Ҷϣ˿̶ѪѪۣرϵǵѪۣǳѾɼ׹ǣһ㣬ֱֻ۾Ҫ׷ˡ
ҹϣҲˣرϣһʮֵѪۣѪۣбҹ۵ϣѪ˿
ҹɫĿ£Ҫ֣ʱһͻȻңԶ𣬡ҶȻ⡭
£ʮǿϢͻȻϮ
Ҷɫƽˮγ֪Щ˶Щʲôˣʣɱġ
ڵб˭Ҫ
ԶҹЦҶһΣо
Ҷû˵˫ۻȻǰҰѽ⣡
ĬϢҶͻȻ˺ã
£ҶеľͻȻţǽ˵⡭


1848 ϣ
⣡
ʱ⽣ûл·ġǸë˼ҺֻӦɱһˣˣңǹͷҲڡ
ˣ޷úӹæ
ڣֻܿԼ
ҶУľԽԽܿ죬ľ˿ԽԽĽӿ
һ̣Ҷֿʼˣ
ʱҶѾۼǿߣ׼ǿߣкüʮ
˿Ҷʱк̰Ȼȴûз֣˿̳еɫȴޱȵأӦ˵ޱȵļɵ
ֽ˽ǹ֣ǣ֪ʲôԭվûг֣ҿʼȥΪ˵ٶȺڼ˴˿ĿⶼҶϣˣûκηںˣ
û˸ʥˣ
ԶҶеĽԽԽҹüͷһ̣ͻȻһɲõĸо
˿̣ľԽԽľƬ䣬ҶٶѾʼŤˡܿ죬һľƬ䣬һɫĳҶС

˿̣Ҷоģɫġ˿̣ɫ̺֮Ѿ嶼ܲסˣ
׼ȷ˵Ʋסˣ
ͺñһСȥһغüĵһȻǣѾСΧˣ
ɽ
ʱͻȻҶ𣬡ȻСҪ⽣Ĩɱ
ɽ
ҶҡҡͷʱɽǾˣܶȻˣȻҪѡɱ
Ҷʼ˫סľ뽣ӿУ뽣ɫһ̣ɫ˲䰵ͬʱǿ֮УȺǲǹһһǿռ׹£ûҶеĽɫ֮С
ˣ˿̣ؿʼҲ֮Դػ۶ȫӿҶеĽɫ֮С
һĻд󾪣
Ⱥ֮УǹͷӿһҶɢŽĽȻʥС
£ֱתʧʡ
˿̣ҹҲоЩˡѾ⣬ʱԶҶͻȻ̧ͷҶҹƤһҪ˵ʱҶ˫еĽҹ۸վһ
£һɫڳһ
һնƬض
ҹɫȻ䣬һ̣ܵǰδев£æ˫֣Ȼ
£ǰͻȻһɫУʱǵɫֱûǺɫ֮С
ת˲
䣡
˵ע£Ǹɫ˲ҹ۱ֱӱҶһɿ⣬ҹ۸һͣ˫ֱֱӴӼϵ
һĻд󺧣
ҹ۰
ɽ֮һҹۣ
ȻڣҶһӲס
ܿ죬˶ҶеĽɫϡһ̣⽣Ϊǽˣ
⽣֮ʵֲ̫ˣ
ԶҶһն֮ٴξеĽɫһĻ֮ҹɫ䣬ת˲Ҳľתʧʡ
ˣ
Ҷߵҹۣ׷Ǵ˿̵оԼ̧ŵûˡ
ղһ·ȫ⻹еĽ£⽣ϣ˵ɱˣľԼ
ҹߣ˽һ㶣û뵽֮һҹ۾Ȼˣ
ʱҶͻȻŽǡ
ҶЩ붼û룬תӡһᣬȫʧҶС
ߣ
ҶڵͷתҪߣȻʱҹͻȻֳҶǰԶ
ҹǷһĨЦҶһΣ㿴⽣ܾܲ㣡
Ҷûзϻٽһһ£·ǣǿգԲʮڵĿռȫ͸·ܲסһ㣡
ϮҹȴȻ塣
ʱһɵɫͻȻҹǰĿռ˳ܿ죬ֱӴҶǵ֮ϡ
䣡
УͻȻһһ˲䣬ƬضڿʼҲ
ҹֱۣӱನǧɣ
ܿ죬лָƽ
ʱҹԣһɫ۵ӣӵҲ࣬Ưһɫ̡
ӴһۣȻҶǱɫܹ䳹׿ƣ㱾㣬˱ᣡ

Ҷһ
Ĵ֮һ
û뵽Ȼ𶼳ˡǰλȻҹʶ
ʱǺֵϧ㾳̫ͣ޷մ˽㡭
ʱԶҶͻȻ˫սźӾһն
һնҶ˲ֱӵȥղһֱӳ
£һɫڳһһ̣ĹâֱӸסգ
ԶǺ΢΢ͷȷʵǿϧԶԶ
䣬סԵṆ̀ת˲ǸֱӻһâҶǵȥ
â̺֮ҲĿֲ֮Ŀռ䣬ֱ𣬳׵ռڶֱӱûпռ䣬ûпռڶ֮ȫΪһ޵ش
֮
ʣ߸һӴâʱܽ俪һ̣Բʮڵնâ뽣ǣܲ͸磬ޱȡ
˲һӺ󣬳нָƽ
ҶǺӻҹۣڳС
˿̣ҹɫǼصġʵӲҶղһһҲԻɱңֻҪҶ⼸Ҷͳ׷ˡ
Ϊ˿̵Ҷýſռ䣬Ѿȥˣ

˿̵ҶȫҲƣ˼ޡ
Ҷ棬ӿ˿ԼеǸɫ̣˿̣ǸѾѿת˲һɲǼ䣬Ǹɫֱӻޣ
΢΢ҡͷȻ̧ͷҶⱦ׷Ѿǧ꣬û뵽СûϵΪһõġ˵ţĿҶеĽϣֻҪӵߣҶɱ֮
䣬Ҷȥû´ڵ㣬Ѿ޷ڳˣɶԣ
ʱһͻȻڳһת˲
䣡
ҹ۾Ŀ֮УǺֱӱǧɡ
ϣ
һĮͻȻڳ


1849 ڳ˯
ϣ
˿̣ҹۻδ˭ɽĴ֮һʵ˵۷塣
ڣȴһˣһԷϣ
ϣ
Ĵϡ
ҹûȥǺӣǿҶλã˿̣Ҷǰ֪ʱһɫȹŮӡŮӿֻʮ߰꣬䣬ɫ߰Ǿ֮ϵŮ˲ֱӣ
˭
ʱԶĺͻȻ
Ӵ˿ޱ𾪵ģΪԼҲû뵽Լᱻһ͸ˡ
ȹŮûйǺӣתҶ˿̣ҶҲ̧ͷǰŮӣŮʱʱס϶㡭
ǰȹŮӣ϶
ܿ죬Ҷɫһ䣬㲻϶
ǰŮӣȻ϶ӣǣԷɫ̫䣬̫϶ǾԲ̬ģ
ȹŮӴһҶȻû뵽ôã㻹ôߣ
ԣҶʱ㶣ܿ죬㵵㣬㲻϶㣬Сߣ
϶һҶû˵
Сߣ
СŮȻǣһġԷҲΪ˳˯ڼСޱȼġ
Ǻܿ죬뵽һ⡣
ҶСߣСߣ㣬϶ǡ
С߳Ĭ˺һᣬȻŵҽ壡
Ҷأ
Сߵڳ˯
ڳ˯
仰Ҷ˵ҶʱӲԭء˺һᣬץסˡ϶֣Сߣڳ˯ʲô˼
С߿һҶȻҵ޷ڳΨн˵壬ܹҲܹҵ̫ҵ壬Ȼû˺ǣʶǳܲҵ꣬ԣڳ˯
ΪʲôҪ壡ҶͻȻŭ
СͻȻ̧ͷҶŭʲôףҽ壬㣡
ҶһŬʹԼƽڣ˳壬
ѾˣС
ԣҶɫ˲С߾ôҲ˵
¾Ǻˣ
ʱһԵǺͻȻ
ʱСͻȻתͷһ̣Сжһɫ̣ת˲һ貵ɫǷ֮мɫǺɫһ䡣
ӷӦҲ죬ֳǰһӡת˲һâ粨һӡɢ
䣡
߸һӴЩâ˲ɢת˲Ǻֱӱǧɣ
һĻҹд󺧣ǰСŮǺˣȻ˵ǿ
С߲ûм֣תͷҶסԼѡ񣡡
䣬ͻȻ̧ͷɽķȻŭҳ
£ɽͻȻҲһ̣ɽǿ߲Լ̧ͬͷɽλá
ɽߣĴۣȻЩֲģֲɽУֲĴڣ
ͷʹ߶ǣ
˵ע£ɽԽԽ죬ת˲һͷ޴ͷɽ˳ʣ֮ȫס˰죡
ͷ˫Ŀһɨܿ죬סҶ˵λã׼ȷ˵СߵϡСһ̣ͷԭĮ˫Ŀʱ˼˷֮ɫ

ͻȻһ쳹ɲǼ䣬ԴһѣΣĤ·Ҫѣʹҹۣ˿üͷҲõΪĲ
Ҫˣ
ʱСŭȵ죬ȥ
ʱͷͻȻԴһ̣ͷԴҶ˲ɵľ룬Ҷ˶š
Сߵ̣Щ꣬㵽ܵȥˣ֪Һĺòңطҡ
СͻȻ˭㵱ܵץģ
̣
Щˣܵڿ죬ܹĹϵܹù𣿱˵ǣǼϸ磬Ҷ첻ܵĿ죬ǻڰܣȻ
ʱСͻȻ˰֣˵ЩˣҸʱȥһȥ
ҡҡͷڣȥȥΪǽ磬Ѿǿҡ
Сߵϲȥôȥϵ飿Ҳȥ飬㻹֪Ҫضã㡭
ϣ̣ϣϣ
æȥһ˰æ
Сû˵һֱӷɵ˺ͷһĻǿд󾪡Ǽ߰ǰϽĺǸǸ߰ĲУڣСŮȻվͷϣ
ȻǣͷûϰΪı飡
СŮ˭
У˿Сߣޱȵĺ档
գҪ뿪ʱС뵽ʲôͻȻתͷ˲ԶǺӣȻҿˬɱ
ԣǺɫʱ䣬ת˲Ҳתӣգۼ䣬ǳʮ֮⣬ҪӳɽķΧ
ӾҪӳɽΧΪ֪ǲ뿪ɽģֻҪӳɽΧͰȫˡڷûΪ˵߶ȥͷ鷳
ǺҪӳɽΧʱʱһ޴βͻȻһβɨֱӽ춼Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ֻһ˲飡ΪβٶȷǳǳĿ죡
ʮ֮⣬ǺӾҪʧʱβ
βǺɫ˲˿̣Ȼ֪޷ڼӣֻӲһ
˫һУɲǼ䣬âϯЩâһһ㳯βϯȥȻβӴֱӱβɨޡ
ǺҲֱӱ飬ǣȴֱӻһڹʧʡ׼ȷ˵ǣͷųЩâûٶܹ죡
գͷüͷˣڣԷѾɽˣΪˡ
С˵ͷȻ߰ɣ
ҪȥʱС뵽ʲô£ͷ·ҶסǷһǸ
䣬̤̤ͷ
ת˲ͷֱʧ˳С


1850 ȥϽ磬ֻɱˣ
С߳˾ȥһʱ䣬ҶЩˡ
ʱҶ뵽ʲô͵תͷǰҹ۵λã˿̿տҲ
Ҷɫ˲˫ۻɨУǲҪɱȡ
䣬˫нɫնǰһ
ˣ
쳹һɫڳһת˲֮⡪

һҽͻȻҶǰĿռ쳹
һĻд󾪣׷ױˣһ̣ҶǽĽɫ֮£޵УȻǲ֪˿̵ҶѾǿ֮ĩ
ʱһӰͻȻҶǰת˲ӰֱסҶȻҶһʧ˳СʱһͻȻϮ˿Ҷϴ磬ңֻɱˣ
죬ء
˺һᣬвŻָƽ
ֹʮϢһͻȻ˳Уӣǹŵۡ
ŵ̧ͷ֮ǰҶǵӰȥĵطȻСҪ𰡣˵⣬ͻȻһĨЦݣȻָһһͻȻ֮ǰҶȥλüȥ
ϢҶٴңԶʴл
һΣᣬȻҶѾȥԶ
УŵЦЦͻȻЦݽӲȻתͷԶղΪβ֣
һƬռ䣬һŻ۵ͻȻ˳ӳ磬бһɫƺ«ȫɢһŵϢ
ΪҪ֣ӷʡ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻһЦ
ŵЦϲˡ
˴˱˴ˣӵ
ŵתͷңԶʣҹۣ޲ɼҶн߶ǿ󣬶ȻѬģȥѡǿᣬʵǴ
΢΢ҡͷǴֻǺӡ
ǺҲǴŵ۵
ٴҡҡͷҲӣ
ԣŵüͷʱֵ֪ҶӮλŮļ壬ǣ֪λŮΪڶȥɱ
ŵ۵ҲţŮ˷ǰӮңǣûסӮҡ
תͷ˲ԶȻ£أ
һᣬƬռͻȻһˣ˸ı˹켣ˡ֮ܡ
λߣΣͻȻʵ
ΪβҳҶнǵͻȻʡ
ԣӳĬˡ
ʱǵֵǲãǾҶǱǲҶϵҲǽǣⲻǲҪҹǺҲǴˣϧ˶ûѡ񡣡
˭ĻˣͻȻʡ
񵶣ĵȻѿͨ񣬵ǣ½磬Ҫˣƺ٣λպÿԣ
⻪ӣ
ʱͻȻֵŵۣѾһλλˡ
ŵҡͷһЦһԶ
񵶿ŵۣ֮Уأŵۣ͵
ŵЦ֪Խ࣬ͻԽ͵ߣνЩƺţЩƣ𣿡˵⣬ͻȻǰǵԴʵҸǰ㻹Ǳ˵ˣǰɱڣ
ˣ֮һ㣡
ĬһᣬȻûʲôϽһѡ
ŵЦЦλˣ
䣬һʧԭء
ŵߺͻȻƺҶ
ģ
ڶģҶϣܶ࣬ǣҲܶࡣһˣҪôҪôɹ
񡭡ɹ

֪˶ãҶ۾
ˣʱһҶߴ
ҶתͷȥԱߵģ˪˪ڤŮ
˿̣Ůڿ
Ҷ˵ʱŮͻȻߵǰȻһȭĸ
أ
һҶʱ˹״Ҷʱŭˣ̧ͷŮҪ˵ȻŮ˿ȴ峺Һ塣
ˣ
Ҷס
ʱŮͻȻץס·ҶҼסǶģ´Ҫȥƴʱҽ㣡
˵꣬俴һҶȻתȥ
ҶĬ
ŮҲĬ
һᣬ˪һΣЩ嶯ˡ㼴ʹǽǣҹǲսѡӣû취Ҫһ㣬׼ǿһսնɱ׼ǿߣǣԼľ磬ֻ澳Σ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪
˪΢΢ͷȻڤŮŮ߰ɣ
Ů˵ͷȻתȥڤŮȴߵҶǰȻ֪Ϊ㱨𣬵ǣ£ܼҲԣ飬ҷһŰɣ
˵꣬ҲתʧҶǰ
ҶһȻ˺
СӣǲǾԼǺͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷʵ٣бҸǿˣõȻô
ⲻ𣿡
ʵӴ˾ͻ᲻ͬٸӣһֻСһӴȦãǵͷǿģǣ뿪Ȧ֮ͻ֣ᷢ磬ǣлʨδ֪ǿ
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵԼһ£ΪԼЩǿ˱ȡȥЩȣȻԼޱȵ㣬ǣǲ˰ˡ
Ҷ˫ۻǿ
һ̣еӵʵ
ر֮ǰѪŮ϶顭ʵǿ󣬶Ͳ϶ҲͲСռˡ
磡
ǻڱҪԼľ磬ֻ㾳ˣŻҲܹܵǿȵѵر뾫񡣡
Ҷ˵ͷͷԼ֣ģһöӡ

öӣ֮ǰŵ͸öҲ֪ԷΪҪö˵ҪˡҪǣöܹʵ
ŹӣҶתʧԭء
ڶ㡣
˿̣һ֮УֻС𣬶ϣѾտҲ
СߵҶǰǷСһǸ
ҶС죬Сʵ϶壬϶֣ҲǷǳǳΣյġ֮ҪæȥϽ磬ΪֺڻɢҪصԼļпܱסԼ꣡ȥˣҲǻģ
ҶĬ
ʱСֵСߣ϶ôֻΪ˰㡣
Ҷ˫ۻ۽ǣͻȻ峺ˮҺ塣


1851 ֮£޵У
ڣ˿ֻ̣аϾŮ
Ů˫΢գȫ£ûаϢ
ҪˣʱϾͻȻ
ҶϾϾϢʱƽʱңڣѾƽȥӦǶɹѵ顣
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻϾ澳ˣ
Ͼ˵ͷ
Ҷ˿ԼеԼҲǸʵ˰

ʱ䣬Ҷ󣬿ʼ
磬䲻ֹһθ˵⾳ҪԣȴǺԣΪڵʵǿŵģǿϵı
Ȼԣǻֻн֮ԼԼ棬ܹ
븹һɼȵʱҶϯܿ죬Сתţ֫ٺЩ
ʱһһȥ
ɽ
Ҷıչɽ˿ҲѵƽΪҲҶ䡣ңһҲȥҶҪ֪ҶеǱɲǳصġ
֮£޵У
㣬ɽǿûʲôġҶûǽ֮£ܹǣڣ˵£Ҷһս֮
ʵװգ
ǿΪ磬һ˵ʵҪľ磬ҪװԼԣ
ʵ֮Уһº

ԭƽɽһҽ𣬱Ŀʼƽˡ
ããɽ֮Уһɽ֮Уһӿ˿ǰʬ壬Ȼһ
꣬ȻҶ
ʵȻֻһ£ǣںڣѾȥһꡣ
һʱ䣬Ҳ澳澳ĶΣˣ̺֮
֮ǿڼڵʵȫаգʹǽĽҲԻɱҹۡҪǣ֮Ҳأ
ɹأ
ɱˣ
չس֮Ҷĵһ¾ɱˡ϶С飬ѪŮ飬õҶһ£ǾǣҶɽȣ룡
ȻǲҰȣǴҶȣ
רɱ׼ǿߣ
ɽ֮УҶջ˼Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻҶ𣬡СӣһУе벻ѧ
𣿡
ҶʲôУ
Ͻ磬һˣħߣħаеƣħûаôƫǣͬã˼ɱġҪģħߵʹ͸ҵģû
ΪʲôҶ
еΪУͱɱˣɱ֮յԷѪԼ񣬻꣬ȻԴǿԼרɱ׼ǿߣɱĶĻҪ澳Σȫ׾ٵ顣ﵽ׼ʲô£
Ҷǰ֪㲻һ˰
ðɣʵ˵֮ԲǲΪɱĶϽ磬ħаߣڱɱĶ󣬲Ǳ࣬б壬ǵ˵Լ
ҶĬ
ֵǲȫԼ
Сӣ£ϸǿǣͻȻ𣬡²ǿЦģħߵĹʱ壬Լʲô嶼ɱ㡣ǹУ
ҶǰǸʲôû
ħаĹ
Ҷȥɱ𣿡
˭ң
ͻȻСӣϽǿ֮һʦȥ˼ҡ
ҶûνĹУֻνǿȫ綼ܳΪĵˣΪǸҡǣǿ˵ħ˫ޣ˵ʲô磬񵯻ɣǿǿ
˵⣬ҶЦЦȻֵߣûħЩ˲Ҫ
ĬƬ̺󣬺ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻҪΪУɱˣҪΪУҾɱħҪΪУͬɱħ
ʱСӣħĹ壬û֮ˡ
岻ңҾȥ壡Ҷ
ã
ʱͻȻСӣҴ延ӭ㣡
ʱҶ뵽ʲôֵǰв֮ͬ
ϸ˵ûʲôͬΪˣҲˡ
Ҷ
ʱֵͬͬķҲͬҲ̫ףǣȻҶˣԼȥɣ
Ҷ
۾Ұǹ㣡ͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˫ۻʱһϢͻȻС
Ѫ飬ɻꡭ
ãҶ˫ۣȻͷǰʬ壬ţĶǾʬ壬ɲǼ䣬Ǿʬֱۿɼٶȸɿ
ת˲ҶϾȻ¶һ˿飡
оôʱͻȻ
Ҷĸо
Ȼˣ
⹦֮ڣӶӶˣ԰˵ΪΪӦ˵һжա˵ȻתǹǹͻЩ࣬磬꣬ͻᱻգľᱻľա
ҶħΪҪ׷ɱˡ
ʵϸ˵ǱҪɱħߣħҪԼͱȥɱˡͱ󣬾еȥɱˣȻɶԷˣ
һ׼ǿߣٱȵµĿޣģٿԱȵϰĿޣ
ԣҪǿͱ벻ϵɱˡ
˵պʺΪھҪɱˣ
Ҷ뿪ɽת˲һ֮һ
ھ֣ٶȣԼ꣬õ˴һ㣬Ǿ޴ġ
ΨһȽϿϧʥʥڻ޷աʹǽСǿõģֻֻΡ
ΪǽÿһʹãǳصЩֲ̫ʹڵ壬еܲס
ɽԽԽ׼ǿϢȥڣʶԾˡ
رЩ׼ǿߣʼΣˡΪģ׼ǿߡ
һɽ֮Уɽȵײһֳֳǹӡ
ӣǺų׼۵ﺮ£
ͻȻﺮ۾Щˣɱģ
ǣ
ﺮ⣬һͻȻ
ﺮü΢΢ʹǽѷ
ˣ
£һͻȻڳ


1852 ҹۣҹ
һһѾﺮǰ
ﺮɫ䣬һ죬ԵǱǹǳУת˲ǰһ¡
ǹ׹˸
ʱ
䣡
һըڳﺮֱӱһǿǧɿ⣬仹δͣһǰ
䣡
һΣﺮٴα˳ȥ
ǧ⣬ﺮ¸һͣһǰ⣬ﺮɫת˲еĳǹͻȻת
䣡
ͻȻǹӰͻȻﺮ³ǹֶֻ֮һ˲ЩǹӰǽҶǵû
䡭
һը쳹𣬶ǵֱӱǧɿ⡣
ͣҶ˿Լǰ˿̣ǰһǹۣûƿƤֻһǳǳĺۼ
û뵽̶ʱڣǿˣ
ʱﺮͻȻҶȥ
Ҷ̧ͷﺮ£ûзϻҪ֣ͻȻﺮеĳǹת˲Ǳǹֱӻһصһ
ǹ壿
Ҷüͷ
ʱﺮͻȻһʧԭءﺮʧһ̣ҶɫȻһ䣬ת˲ҶеĽǽɫ
ն
Ҷ£˫нǰ͵ؾһ
£Ⱥ춯ǹ֮˲ĽУˣҶоصĴ֮һ̷ӿеĳ֮С
ͣ
һ£ﺮ»ǵǹʱ˺ѿţһӰֱӵɵ֮⡣
Ӱﺮ¡
գлָ
ҶһԶﺮ£Ȼתȥ
ﺮĿЩ͵ĿҶȥķȻ̰ˡ
£ͻȻһᣬʧ˳С
ﺮºҶҵ˵ȥ׷ɱһˣŻá
Ⱥɽ֮Уžһž
ˣ
ͻȻһƬȺɽת˲ǵûƬɽ֮С
Ҷ߹һ֣Ȼһٲ£ٲߴǧɣˮһˮɽк£·ˮ̶֮У˻䡣
ˮ̶Աߣһݡ
ͻȻһֱ֮ϡ
䣡
飬һ˳ӣǹŻáڹŻǰ⣬һӡ
ӣȻҶ
ŻÿҶû´ʧЩ׼ǿ߶ɱİɣ
ҶģҲܿȥǵģ
£Ҫ֣ʱŻͻȻиϢֵ
ȻҶǰνһն
ˣ
ǹŻɫ䣬˫һУźɫƬͬһкȻЩƬһӴҶǺȻɢ
ת˲
䣡
ǹŻֱӱһײ˲Զɽ֮ϣһ˲䣬ɽһ
ҶҪٴγ֣ʱǹŻͻȻǹǶ飡
ԣҶʱͣǹŻãʲô˼
ŻÿһҶǼɵ֮ɫû뵽Ŷ̶ʱûҶѾǿ̶ֳȡ

ʱҶеĽʼ
һĻǹŻɫһ䣬ȻæҹʶΪѰʥҡ
˵ص㣡Ҷ
ŻÿһҶȻһһûһαԴѪ飡
ԴѪ飡
ԣҶ˲伱ʲô˼
Ҷ㣬ŻöʱһȻǵαԴѪ飬һŮģ棬ʶ뼸ƻǡ򵥵˵дԵǿԸġ

Ҷһһ̣˫ֶڲ
ʱŻҪ˵ʲôҶȴͻȻŻɫ΢䣬ʼӿ
ûƭңҶ
Ż΢΢ҡͷа㲻ʵԸ𣡡
Ҷû˵תһʧʡ
ҶȥŻеǿʯͷȥ֮ǰ֮ѡսΪѾ֪ﺮˡﺮ޼Ȼﺮ¶ѾҶɱȻǶ֡ˣѡͣ
Ȼܹ֮ͣΪ֪£
Ż̧ͷʣȻҹۡףˣ

ڵ֪ѪŮиĿʱҶûȥ׷ɱˡֱҹɲǶȥ
ҹɲǡ
ҹۣҹ
ͻȻһҹɲϿ쳹
˴󾪣׷̧ͷ⡣ʱһͻȻңԶϮǵֱҹɲǵĳ֮ϡ
䣡
ҹɲǳֱӺȻѣ
Ҷ
ʧһºҶٴγ˵Сܿ죬ɽǿ߷׷ױȻҹɲǸڣû˸ҳ֡
ΪҶУŵһɫĽ
֮˿ۿģûҲ˵ġ
ųźʮͻȻҶǰΪ׵һߣߣ׼ǿߡ˵ͻȻǰԶҶνһն
ˣ
쳹һɫĿ֮һ
죬쵽˼£۸ɼ
Ҷ˵Ͷ־ŭҴ⣬ҽһգɲǼ䣬վһţһǿϢϯܿ죬ϢҶǵһ
䣡
һڳ쳹ֱӱһسˣһˣ˽ɡ
һ̣еЩǿд󾪡Ȼû뵽ҶʵȻôǿˡ
ǱҶһ˵Ҳޱȣͬû뵽ҶʵȻǿ̶ֳȡҪ֪ҶҹɲʱʱҶðɱģ潻֡
ڣҶǹģ
Ҷûмȥ֣ɨһܣȻҹۣҹ
䣬һתеʥֱӴһڳһ
ͣ
һзݽޣһ׵ĽҶǰĵһֱ쵽˵߾ͷ
һĻжһ˿ɵ
ҶҲɫһ䣬Ҷǿ󣬱ĻҪǿ
ţ
ʱҶͻȻߣϢϢڣҹ۲ӽҹɲǣ
ǣ


1853 ԶԶ
ǣ
Ҷļӳ£㳯Ѹٴ˿
һ̣ҹɲУųȥ
ΪǸоó˿̵ҶѾе㷢ˡ˵ġܲҹɲǣǲҪҪǣҶԸ
ܿ죬Ϣѹ
ʱҶеĽͻȻҲʱһڹͻȻҹɲǵʣţһӳҶǰԶ
ҹۣ
ҹȻҪģҶһҹɲǣҵɽǿߵս֣Ժɽǳ׻ˣ
ҹۿһҶһ˿ӡҶʵҲ̫һЩǰҶֻӵķݡڣҶѾлɱʵˣ
УĿԴ
˶뿴Ҷҹۣ쾿˭ʧ
ҶҹۣҶıԴѪ飬һ㣡
ҹۿҶϢȻб£Լã
ʱҶҽͻȻ͵һ档
أ
Ҷֱӻһ⳯ҹ۱ȥǿղǳ֮ʴռûҶǵ֮С
Уǿд󾪣׷ױˡ
һ֮˱ܣ
ҹɫȻޱȣǣȴƽΪ֮һʻеġ
˵ע£ҹ˫ֳǰһ̽ȻһգɲǼ䣬ɫгǰת˲ɫѸٱֱӽʱҶǵ
䣡
ǿһӴһɿֲ˱͵رֱӽΧĿռˮһ㵴ҹ۱ֱӱ֮⣡
һҹۣ
Զҹۿ˿Լǰ˿̣ǰѾѿѪ
ĬϢ̧ͷԶҶһ
ԶҶûзϻҽһ㣬һֻڷɵ˲εضת˲ֱҹ۵ͷţ˫еʥ϶¶ҹ¡
䡭
˽һҶΧڵķݽֱӱɢǿޡ
ʥ̫ǿ޷ǰǰ㣬˿й
·ҹһһΣûѡءĴͻȻɫУת˲˫һϣɫжʱţֱӻһɫ
⣬ڹ⣬ոһӴ͵ըѿ
˵Ŀ֮Уҹ۱Լٶȳ·׹£Ҷ˽ǧɺͣ˿̵Ҷһ˿̬Ĳ԰ס
Ǳҹ˵ģǱеĽɵģ
·ҹ۱Ҷˡ˿̵ҹۣˣǰֻؿڹѣڣ˿ǹѵѪֱΣֲ
ҹĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷԶҶ㻹ҳ𣿡

ƽ
˶ҶҶҳڳˣ۷ǿߣǵȻܹóҶ˿ʥղԼղԼǻᱻɵġ
ڣҶȻûޣǣ˶ҶԼޡҶʥضʱɱҹۣǣκһ˶׻ɱ
ԶҶһеʥ˽档
һĻҹǶʱһĨЦݡȻʱҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǰţҶ˫ս͵ؾһ
ҹ۷Ӧ죬ֽճȭȭϣɫ֣ţǰ͵ؾһ䡣
䣡
ȭײҹֱӱǧɿ⡣ҹ۸һͣҶȴٴγǰȻһ¡
ҹһһαˣҶƹ֮һ㣬׷ҹۿõҹʱ䶼ûСҹҶ񹥻£ûлֻܱ֮
ѹҹۣ
˵֮ǰҶѹҹۣڵҶ򿿵Լʵ
ڽڰˣ
Уҹһˣ޷ˣȻѡҶһ̣Ҳ˷
ȻҶʱ֪ԼˡΪҶȫرҶĻֱָ죡
һӺ
䣡
һըڳҹڿг󵹷˳ȥͬʱһֱֻڿдһѪ׹¡
أ
ҹ۸ڵ棬δһֻűǲؿϣõ޷ֺ
ˣ
ҹ۰ˣ
ҹɲǣҶһͻȻİ
˿̣Ǽ临ӵġҶһʮ꣬ɽ֮һҹۡǣЩ˼ǧ꣬ġ
ʱ˲ܱȣ˱ˣĻˣ
УҶһУҹϵɽʱɵУһɨܿ죬ҶɫһΪУûжıԴѪ顣
Ҷͷҹۣģ
ҹҶû˵
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ǰɣãҲϣ㲻˵
䣬һһɫУţָһǸֱӶҹؿùǴţ˵Ŀ֮УҶ׶ˣȻҹ۳ųȥ
ʱҹ۸ͻȻȻҪԱ
ʱһƽͻȻûҹ۸һ˲䣬ҹ͵ĸʱƽȥ
ˣ
ҹ۱Ҷųųȥ
ҹ۶ԣһܴ衣
ʱһͻȻҶǰҶôǲЩˣ
ߣ˿̰˶ҶЩˡ

ҶǷһĨ͹ˣԶԶ
˵꣬ҶڹߣǼҹʬ峯ųſȥ
߻˵ʲôʱҶͻȻߴһ䣬
ɫʱǣû˵ʲôֻ俴һҶȻתʧԭء
Ҷҹ˳ſڴţһףҹֱӱҶ˳ſϡ
Ҷҹۣһ飬ԴѪ˵Ҹһʹ졣
ҹҶҶQ˶õģĳһ죬Ի㣬ʱ³϶ҲҰٱ
Ҷ˵ͷϲľӲͷˣҿҹ۹ͷжӲ
£ҶеĽͻȻʼˡţҹϵͻȻһһʧ


1854 ޳ǣ
٣
Ҷ˿ģ٣ν٣ǧСҶĽǼõģÿһֻҹϱһƬˣĿǧеġ
Ѫȣ̣
ҹҲǹӲüͷûһ¡
һӺҹѾȫģģѾһˡ
ȻϾ׼ǿߣǼǿģˣʱҹ۲û
ʱҶͻȻ˺СģҪߣ
ź£ҹ۵ͻȻһ£ţֱըѿת˲һӰʼȥ
ӣ
ҹ۵Ŀģߡ֮ǰ֮ԲѡӣΪǸʱҶǽ䱸ҪߣѡڣƣҲûл֮ҶĽ䱸͵㡣
ˣʱߵʱ
Ҷ֮裬ձذٱ
ʣҹ۵
Ȼûз֣ߵһ˲һҲ֮ڳת˲һҽͻȻңԶ
ϢҶصԭأǰҹ۵꣬˿̣ҹ۵һš
ҹЩֵĿҶ㣬ô֪
Ҷ˫ۻһλᣬҶ㱾ԴѪ
ԴѪ飿
ҹͻȻҶӾǲ㣬ӾҪһӶ֮У
գ
ʱҶһָţָ⣬һŻ档

ҶָһǶֱӽҹ۰

һĲҽȻڳ쳹ǲҽеֱ
У˿ҹۣȴûֱŪҹۣǴ˿̣ҹ۸ϣǻֱϧǣҶûԸ
Ҷеʱ䡣
䣬ԭأȻ˫ۻ
ҹ۵Ĳҽϵ
ԼһӺҹͻȻǣǡ
Ҷ۾һУɻصУţҹۣ𣿡
ҹǣұΪŪˣΪˣȥ˹ŻãȻе֮ѾãԣҾͨȥȻǵαԴѪԷ֮
𣡡
ҶһȻģ
޳ǣ
ҹ۵ĳǣȥҵ
Ҷҹۣʱҹ۵Ҹʹ졣
ҶߵҹǰȻһ£ҲǺסҵɽӦöѾ֪ҵĵңҲ֪ʥСΪǶ鷳
ҹۿҶãȻԼȥǣ
Ҷͷҹۣ벻ʹ㣿
ҹɫһ䣬Ǽɵ֮ɫһ̣뵽˸ղǻ档
ʱҶֵҸǣΪǺҪҡǵ̣ӦףǾõ⽣ҲסģסԼ鷳ǣǺҳ֣һǹĳ֣
ҹͻȻЦҶҲһˡ
ҶΪҽ𣿡
ҹЦҶҸףΪҪ⽣̣ӦҲ֪⽣ֻ޾鷳𣿡
Ҷ˿ԼеĽɫԼΪʲôҪ⽣
ʵ⣬ԼҲʣһʼ֪⽣˾ĽҲ֪⽣ô鷳µĻرǶ㣬֪⽣ẦģǾԲ⽣ġ
ϧû
ȻˣǾõס
ڽ˭ģѾҪˡ
ʱҹͻȻֵҶĵˣĻҪ࣬Ҫǿ֮ǰ˵ģQ˶õģ
ʱҶһӣֱӰסҹۣת˲ҹֱӱճޡ
Ҷתߣ뵽ʲôͣȻתҹɲǣҹɲǣԴʧˣ
£ͻȻ˿Уţ˫ֽճȭȻ·ҹɲ͵ؾһ䡣
ɲǼ䣬ɼǿֱϯ¡
һĻɫ䣬Ȼһ㳯ųȥ
ҹɲ֯ʣµЩˣҲûȥ׷׳ųȥ
ʱĸȥڷȵҶٵľͲǳǣǸɱˣ
ܿ죬ϯ£ûҹɲС
䡭
һ˲䣬ҹɲֱӱ
ҹɲǣʧˡ
ãһͻȻڳ𣬡ˡַֿ񡭡ãá
ȥˡʱһڳ𣬡һ֪Ҳ
֪Ը񣬿Ҳںһ
ΣкϷˡ
ȷʵ

ܿ죬ָƽţ˸޳ǡ
ʣһ⼤ȻҶ뿪ҹɲǺǰ޳ǡһ̣ģѪŮ
ڵ֪ѪŮлḴʱӾֻʣѪŮ
Сӣ˸㣡
ʱҶͻȻ˺
ҶͣһͣԶͻȻһӣӣ˾ҽˡ
ҶҶù黹ǽȻ
ˣ
һڳͻȻת˲һɫڳһ
һĻɫ䣬гǹһ͵س
䣡
߸һӴ˲ɢӱֱӱǧɿ⡣ͬʱеǱǹѾޡ
ʱҶͻȻҪҪҪҪĻڸһ
ɫޱȣҶǽ˾֮㡭
ʱҶͻȻϢϢڣڲھ۾ĺ󱳣
ɫѿ˼㣬ǣȴû˵ʲô俴һҶеǱȻ£ûн
䣬ֱһʧԭء
ǽûн⣬壬ǣĽʵҶ޿κΣܱҶɱԣֻѡߣ
ߺҶóһöϾʯ£Ȼһһʧʡ
һʱһЩɭĹųǳҶǰ
ء
⣬Ҷ̧ͷǳ֮ϣϷдѪɫĴ֣޳ǡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷĬƬ̧̺ͷ޳ǣͷͨһ£Ҷ𡣡
УûлӦ
ϢһͻȻڳһ
䣡
޳ǳǽֱӱ롣
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬡Ҫ𣡡


1855 Ҫ
Ҫ
Ҷ£һӰͻȻǳгת˲һƬһŭҶϯ
ҶҲ룬ٽһ

ͣ
һƬֱӱҶ˺ѿʱһŻ۵ӳҶԶ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻ𣿡
ӵʦ޳ǳĪ
Ҷ˫ۻҪ𣡡
ĪһҶȻҶɱҹۣԼѾ޵𣿡
Ҷֻһȥ
ĪֱҶ㣬Ҳȥ
ʱҶ˫۶Ȼת˲ҽ͵һ壬洫˳𡣿УҶ˫нɫȻ·޳͵ؾһ
Ⱥǲǳֱ֮ңԶǿմռҶУͬʱ·صĴ֮Ҳ糱ˮ۵Ҷеʥ֮С
һЯ֮

ĪŭͻȻڳת˲һһƬŨĺҶǵϯȥȻЩδӴҶƬֱӱҶǵ˺ѿת˲
䣡
Īֱӱɣʱǵֱû޳ǣ޳һΪ
ԶĪһĻͫȻһû뵽ҶʵȻ̶ֲֳȡȻ紫˵٣ֳ񽣵Ҷ֮£޵У
ʱҶóһöϾʯ£Ȼսɫ޳ȥͬʱڳ𣬻һ
УûлӦ
ʱһɫڳһɫֱӴ͸޳ǣ޳гͬʱҶٴ𣬡һ
УûлӦ
Ҷͣ˽Ų˫ۻеĽȴһ̾Ҳ
ˣ
һڳҶеĽͻȻʣҪȻʱһͻȻڳ𣬡롯еر𰡣
£һӳҶλá
ӿֻʮ꣬ò㣬ͷȴǰɫģӿЩаӵֱߣһѪɫĴ̣̣ββ£𽥱С˶ˣ⡣
޴̣
ǿŷɥ޴̣
ǰӣȻĴ֮һ
ҶһۣȻ֪ҹһαԴѪ½˶
˵ͷ¡
ԣҶֻǵαԴѪ飬˵ΪҪ¿ɷã
ЦЦҲأ
Ҷֱ𣬡Ҿ

ͻȻЦЦƬ̺ҶȻ񣡡˵⣬һҶȻҶʵģԸ񣬻µķҶ͡ľܴ
Ҷ֪ɷеˣ
˵ͷ죬˭ɱˣԣȻеģ
Ҷɱ˸£ǣҾãƴܾˣǿԵģ
˫΢Увң
Ҷֱ𣬡ǵαԴѪ飬˵Ҫ
Ҫ
ЦЦҶҪǵαԴѪ飬Ҳԡе⽣
ҶһףеĽֱƯǰȻҪ𣿡
Ҫ
ǰƯĽɫĬ
⽣ĺʲôң˶һ㣬⽣Եģ˭ʹġϣõûãᱻɣ
ĬƬ̧̺ͷҶǵαԴѪ飬Ը㡣һһ£ģǳΧҲΪѵ£
Ҷ˵ͷԣ
ָһһѪʱҶǰ
Ѫ飬Ҷֿʼˡ
ʱͻȻ֮Уȷʵһ꣬˿̣˯ģңĴԣҪƾ꽫临ѣѣ
ҶСסǵѪ飬ȻѪյ˺ڣţ𣬡лˡ
˵꣬תһʧʡ
һˣʡ
ã
ʣҶ
˫ָĿֱңԶʣ֪ʲô
ʱĪͻȻʦΪҪҶЭ
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Ҷʼ澳Ρ澳ΣֻҪﵽ澳Σʵͻһ޴ɱ䣬ˣ涼õ
ºҶϽʼɢһϢϢʱһһȥԽԽǿ˿̣Ѿ¾ö鵤ĳһ̣ҶͻȻ죬ܿ죬ǰǿ鵤ֱƮĿС
ڣСзת⣬ҶɢϢԽԽǿ

䣡
ͻȻһǺܿ죬ƽ
ڣҶ˫ۡ
澳Σ
ʮö鵤İ£ڽԼľ澳Ρ˿̵оԼ壬ԣӦ˵棬꣬˾޴ı仯
ʱҶԣϲ
ҶһȻûʲôùϲģڵңʵЩûдﵽʵɱ䡣ЩԶϹĿɻֹһ㣡
ͣﵽ̶ֳȣȷʵˡ
ҶЦЦ뵽ʲôЦɫǰʶղλħ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ʶ
ͬһʱġ
Ҷ
˵ͷǳΪ࣬Ϊ档
ǸʦأҶʡ
俴һҶȻ档
жҶæʡ
ҡҡͷԺͻ֪ˣ
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
ԭأҶʼ磬Ȼʧԭء
ںСһҶ뿪˺ܿ죬뿪ɽʮ㡣
뿪ɽҶҵ˪Ů
Уڣ˪Ůڡ
£˪
ҶһӣڵЩ鵤Ū˳ǰһѵ鵤Ůס
ǣϾʡ
鵤
˵ĲҶ˪
Ů˪ҶҲ˪ʶ
˪˵ͷＫЩ׼ǿΪĺö㣬ôôࣿ
ҶЦ˵Ժʱ˵
˪ܲڰŪһЩʮöң
ôҶ
˪ʮöڳĽãӦöԴﵽ澳Ρʱ֣ǰϣ
ϣ
Ҷ


1860 ȥ
ϣ
˪ĻҶЩѪڡһֱе˪Ůˡ
˪ŮǿҲŰ
ЩŮ˵츳Ǳһ㶼Ķﵽ澳εĻɽ˹ߣǻ治Ҫ˭ˣ
֮ͨǰһЩ飬ҲõףطѶһЩǺõġ˪Ůɲѣѣ
˪ŮǴﵽ澳ΣǶİҲǾ޴ģ
ôʱ˪
Ҷ˵ͷȻȥŪ鵤ȫ̾硣
ĿԸʱһԵڤŮͻȻʡ
ŮŮĿȫҶϣҶ֮ǰѾ߹ҹѪŮԴѪ飬ǣлЩǼٵģ
ҶŮһۣȻ˵ͷԣе鷳ǣǷģ鷳Ҳġ
ڤŮ΢΢ͷֻҪһϣǾͲܷ
ȻҶ
ڤŮŮһСҶǰɽڶ˵֮ǾʵʵҪ˪ŮʵҲҪ
ΪоɽҪ̫ƽˣ
Ҷߺ˪˿ǰЩ鵤Ȼʼɣ
ڤŮŮ˵ͷȻʼ̷鵤

Ҷ˪Ůֱ֮ɽҪɽڲͻȻһ߳ҶǰҶָһһö龧ʯߵǰ
ȴһӣ龧ͻصҶǰ
Ҷ⣬⣿
ߵԺ󣬸½ɽڲҪκηáɽ¿룡
ϣ
Ҷüϣ
΢΢ͷĴ֮һҲ챦ˣ
챦δһ̣ҶоԼЩ֪ˡ
ߵɽУǿģǡ󡯣Σǡܡ֮£챦󡣸Ӧ˰ɣ
ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻʱиһﻹһƣɽ󣬼ˡϧɽֱӰ¸ˡ
ߵҲ챦ģ
Ҷ
ֵڣЩţЩţڵʵôǿǣɽδǵġڣȱľԴԴǡã챦ԸṩԴ
Ҷʲô²ֱ˵
ߵ˵ͷ¼棡
Ҷ룬Ȼ·
ߵ˵ͷȻԶʼȥҶһۣҲȥ
ܿ죬Ҷ߽ããǿ֮У޾ǿգأУŻоԼǺεȵС
һʱһϡҶ
ҶɨһܣΧ̲𣬻أڰ⣬Ⱥ֮Уһݡ
룡
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Ҷ˵ͷȻȥܿ죬£ʱݵͻȻ˿ţһд˳Ȼţҵ꣬Ҳֻǲôһ㣡
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Ҷ߽ݣڣֻһΣһɫȹŮӡŮӿᣬ۵üǹһ˿Цݡ
Ҷû뵽һλŮģ
Ůôˣ
֪ҶŮѿɲ٣ңЩŮӣһɶһ˿ֻΪ֮£ǹâȫڸǰˣ
ҶߵǰȻѰʲô£ֱ˵ɣ
΢΢һЦȥʮ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷ
أͻȻ
Ҷֱû˵
ǰľƱһȻЦһȥûг
Ҷ½Ϊ£
ָ˰ڣȻǣֻǺ棡
ҶǾɱ𣿡
ûʵڵʵǽȷʵһս𣬵ǣҪɱǣ̫ʵңҲûȥɱԣҺһʣ
Ҷˣ
ԣ˫۶ʱ΢ôģ
Ҷ𣬡̰
ϸ˵˵𣿡
Ҷֱ𣬡Ҳʲôϵֻ˵޹ء֮ǰҲȰϧ
˵꣬תȥ
ʱͻȻҸ磡
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ûһȥ
ҶȻҲʧˡ
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Ҷ˵ͷ
ǿ˺̶ֳȣʡ
Ҷת𣬡𣬻֮ޣ
ԣɫʱΪ£
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˵꣬Ҷתȥ
ʱͻȻǰ
ôҶ
Ϊ˽֮⣬һ¡ȥʮ㣬ǣû´Ӧûȥʮһ㡣ɶԣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ц֪ʮһʲô
Ҷʲô
ɱ׼ǿߣЩ׼ǿߣȥ֮껹ߣ֪Ϊ㣿
Ҷ˵꣡
ڵʮһ㣬һħǣõֶ˵Ǵ֮ҪǣĥԼģ
ĥԼģҶ⡣
˵ͷΪЩħĹֶЩ⣬ܹսʤǣģԻﵽһǳֲĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ˵Щʲô˼
׼
澳αȥĵطΪǴﵽ׼׼пܻǰﵽʹǾûеǣǵʵȴǿԣ
Ҷ˵ͷˣ
˵꣬ûͣתʧԭء
Ҷȥɫһȥġȥһġ

Ҷ뿪ݺٴɽţֱӽ˵ʮ㡣
ʼɱ飡
ʱҶÿǷɱ顣ڣҪԼʵҪ˪Ůʵ
˪ԣ
Щ˶ɳ֮ʲôǶϣ
һ㣡
ȥϽ磬һȥȥ


1861 
ɱ飡
Ũ֮Уʱʱһ⡣
֮ҶѾջʮ鵤
һյأҶ˿Լе鵤ȻתҪߡȻʱɫͻȻһ䣬ת˲һǿϢͻȻͬһ㳯ѹ
Ҷٽһն
ˣ
һɫڳһת˲ǹǿϢֱӱ˺ѷ顣
ʱҶԶһ飬鲻̫һͣͱȱ㽫֮⣬ͷ鱳󣬻һԾ޴ĺɫ
ʲô⣿
Ҷʡ
࣬㾹Ȼƻ嶩µЭ飡ͷ
Э飿
Ҷ㶣ʲôЭ飿
װɵ𣿡
ŭȻƻЭ飬ȻҲʲôЭˡ
䣬Ҫ֡
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬡ȷʵ֪
£һӳҶԶ
ӣжʱһ˿أ񵶣ʲô˼
Ĵ֮һ
񵶵齫λѣɽȷʵ֪嶩µЭ顣
ʲôЭ飿ʱҶͻȻʡ
תһҶȻ͵йԼ˿Խ˵زɱ飬ȻҲǿߡǡ
˵⣬Ҷɱ̫ˣ
Ҷ
ʱ񵶵ͻȻ𣬡Сӣ̫ˡôɱȥܲ𡣡
ҶڨЦЦȷʵ֪¡˵Ŵס໥ǣǿɱǣȡ鵤ǣͬɱ㣬㣡
ʱԶ齫ͻȻ
񵶿˶ԷһۣȻȷ
齫ôҪ
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ߣ
齫俴һҶƾ
ʼ磬㣡
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񵶾֣齫һɣȻҶ࣡
䣬һֱӻһڹ⳯Ҷȥ
ò˵齫ʵǷǳǿģɢϢ͸Ҷ˼ѹȡ
Ҷɫƽٽһն
ˣ
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أ
ͻȻһת˲һӰֱӵ˳ȥһɣǧɡ
Ӱ齫
齫һͣұ۱ǴӼϵѪ
齫˿ԼǰֻϱۣȻ̧ͷԶҶǾ֮ɫ㣬㡭
ʲôҶ
齫㣬ǿ
Ҷ
ʱһźڹͻȻϮת˲źڹ齫ǰڹɢȥһͷȫϺڵ齫ԡ
ͷ飬ҶԶüͷʱ΢΢
ҶɫҲЩϺĸоȫһ
ͷϺ鿴һԶȻô岻׼Э𣿡
ҡҡͷǶ壡
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˵ţҪ֣ʱĿͻȻҶеǱϣʱͫȻһҶ
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ҶϣϺɫʱ˺һᣬҶ߰ɣպ˵أ򣬷Ը
Ҷ΢΢һʲô˼
߰ɣ
ʱͻȻ
ҶϺһۣȻתһʧʡ
ڣ
£Ҳʧԭء
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ϺҶ
Ҷˣ齫ü
Ϻһӡߣùģֻǡȥպκ˼ˣ֣ܳߡ
˵⣬̧ͷҶ֮ǰȥķ򣬡ǲһ𣡡

ĳҶ񵶱˱ȭǰ飬лˣ
΢΢ҡͷСһ׮պȥΪá壬ҲдܵġʵȻǿǣִܣЩġ
Ҷ˵ͷʵûʲô࣬ǣʣֹ߻кܶġ
ֵ֪ҹ㣿
Ҷ˵ͷô
ԥ£ȻŮ򵥣СһЩ
䣬תʧʡ
ԭأҶĬһᣬȻҲʧԭء
һɽ֮Уһʱ֮УҶõЩ鵤˳
Ҷǰ˪һҶȻЩӦöԴﵽ澳ˣ
澳Σ
Ҷһһ˪Ůﵽ澳ΣʱһǰĶϡֵĻ߶ܹһս
֮ԲȷΪڼЩߣֱһһһһֲ
ջ˼ҶڤŮأ
չأ
˪ȫڱչس̡
Ҷ˵ͷҲҪչأ£ϵң
˵꣬һʧԭء
У˪˿ԼǰЩ鵤Ȼˡ

ҶѰһĵطȻ˺
УҶǺǰǰڵʵӦÿֲ껨˰ɣ
˵ͷɣ
ԣҶһӣ껨ʱǰҶ䣬ָһ㣬ʱһĹûҶü䡣
һ˲䣬Ҷ˫Բܿ죬ȫһϸСĶߣޱȡ
ʱٴһ㣬껨ʱĹûҶü䡣
ʱһһȥҶϵı仯ҲԽԽ󣬵ȫ£ѾЩĹ⡣
Լ˽ʮҶ˫ۻ˿
ôͻȻ
Ҷһˬ
ڵĸо
ЦЦڵ뾫Ѿ˿ǿߣҪһǿߡڣѧϰˡ
Ҷȴҡҡͷ
ôʡ
ҶһںһҵĽرҵĽ꼼ԣںǰѧһСڣ߳ԼĽ֮·
뷨
Ҷ˵ͷһЩ뷨ɹٺ١


1862 ںϣ
ںϽ
׼ȷ˵ǴµĽ
ǰȥ콣ΪѧҲ٣ûȥԼĽڣѧҲ࣬ԽҲﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
ԣ뷨ˡ
俴һҶȻ΢΢ͷ뷨һܺõ顣Ͼѧ˵ĶЩõġΪǲȫԼģԼģǲԼģ
Ҷ˵ͷ뷨ȫһ
ǽҪԼĶ
һҶ˵ϡ
룡
ԼѧһУһУǰһһУ׼ȷ˵ǴʱʼԺѧһС
齣꼼һһɲǡ
ʯҶв
ЩѧĽǣʵһЩΪЩĽŲˡڣعͷȥŷ֣Щʵпȡ֮
κһȻڣǱȻڵļֵ
ҶԶ䡣
ڿʼԼĶˣ
΢΢ͷһ£𣿡
˵СӵԸᴴʲô
ЦЦȻҲ֪ĿԴɣ
濴һۺ䣬ȻСӵ̬е㲻һˣ
俴һҶȻûһЩ಻̫һӣп϶ѻģǣ壬߹ħУ϶ܹķˮġ
˵ͷ
廹壬ǹħ壬ʵΪԽߵԽܵõ𾴡ûôิӵ˼ȭͷ͸øߵ͵Ƿῴ㣡
ǣ֮ȴȫͬ
ߵˣһıȽϿ졣
ʱԺΣǣպ϶Ҷһϯ֮صġ

УԭڵصҶͻȻʼֽһʼĽǹһ󣬽ֿʼˡ
ʱʱ
ˣһͻȻӰһЩӰͻȻʧһˡ
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ǰڣҶòϣѧģʵ̫̫ˡȭֶѧЩ̶̵ֻʱ䡣
̰ãڣҪã
ȻһΣûǽ
ֻýڣڳôý򣬳Խ⾳ԽǼǿǿģڣҪ俪
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ˣҶʱֻýסԼԲǧķΧǧպÿԳܣҲʺϣ
£ת¹ȥ
ĳһ죬ҶͻȻ˺һ硣
һƽԭϣҶ˫΢գãǰ̤һһ̤ΪģԲǧĿռͻȻ΢΢һ

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¡
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ҶĲʮõĽҲŲˡܿ죬ʮʼԭתתһʮʼһĹ켣ڽڷС
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ЩͻȻըѿ
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Ҷֱӵ˳ȥһɣǧɣֱڵϣ֪
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ʱҲ˳С
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ˡǲҶ
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ĻСˡ
ת˲СױеĽֱӻһ⳯Ǻ˹ȥ
ǽǽĽ
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ƿڴ̣㡭
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ȻС״䣬Ȼһ̣СŭˡͻȻɵ˿УȻע£Сצտʼϻһ߻裬һ߿ޡ
ڸʲôԣ
濴С׺һᣬȻڽа֣
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˵⣬ͻȻӣܿ죬нǳһ˿š
ʱʵСͣͬʱʿռͻȻһţɼǿͻȻб¡
ɫһ䣬رǺ䣬ɫЩ԰ףһλᣬһСڡ
䡭
£ֱӱ䵽˵֮У


1863 
УСգգۣͻȻתͷ˲ԶҶ˿̣Ҷڴӵ
һĻС۾һԲȻһֱӳҶǰһѱסҶԴԼë׵СԴҶĶͷ
Ҷ໳еСףģûʲô£
û££
ʱһͻȻһˬ
ҶתͷȥԶǺ棬˿̣Ǻϲţ·˵һ㡣
ǣҶǲ⡣
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΢飬ȻԵ棬˵
ʱСֿˡ
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䣺
ʱ濴һۺ䣬ôѵ
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ҶȻЩԾûмȥ
ʱСӣղô£
ղţ
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ղҪǽ
ΪĽ󡣼˵ԿʮڽնɱˣǣޣҪľǣʮ֮佨ĳϵ
ÿһһĸ壬ڣҪһ߰Щ崮ͺñȣһָûʲôǣָսȭͷɾʹˣ
򣬾ߣ
ˣСǣûƿغãйֱõ㾫
ѶȣѶȻе󡣲ҶûзСˣһּʼˡ
һ鲻УǾ飬鲻УǾ飡
ڣҶĲϳ£ģһЩɣƽļɣЩʱ֮ǰǰôᣬķʽһ£һһ
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ʱĺܿ죬ת۱ѹȥ¡
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ˣҶûΪĻ֮ġ
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⽣ĳɳռܴ󰡣ͻȻ
Ҷһۺ䣬ȻЦȻ
ڵʵֻܿʮǣɲļޣľ껹ʱܹƵĽͻԽԽࡣƵĽԽԽ࣬⽣ͻԽԽǿ
ҪǣĽҲ
һΣҶԼĽһȷķչ
⽣ʲôʱͻȻ
ʲô
Ҷ΢΢һû⡣
Ҫһְɣ
Ҷ룬Ȼͽ޵н󣡡
޵У
㶣ȻҡҡͷСӣ⽣Ȼֲܿɻû޵еĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ䣬Цν޵УָĲ֣ģơһˣη޾壬޵еġ
ġü۵ʹ˼
ʱҶһȻΪˣҪϣй˭ҪǣǣʹԷǿǣҪϡѳ죬ꡣˣǣǲˣ
ˣ俴Ҷ
Ҷ˵ͷǰ˹𣿡
ȻûУæ
ղžˣʱһԵͻȻ
ߣȻ֪˵ʲô£ȻǸղС׵顣
Сףǽ
ȻǣܣôСһʶأ
Ҫʶһ¡
ԥ£ȻҶСӣСһǸҪúõ
ʱСͻȻ̧ͷ
һĻ齩Ӳסö
С׵˵СԴȻСצ˻ӣ˼ǣҪ˵ʲô
俴棬𣿡
浭붮ʱ򣬾ͻᶮ붮ʱô˵
һ鴤Ȼӡ
ʱҶǰ˵ʲô
俴һҶȻֿСף˿̣СС׵棬аǣȴǸоһĪв
ԥ£˵Сһܿɰǳɰ
Ҷ


1864 һϣ
ɰ
Ҷһ䣬ЩŹְ
ʱСͻȻɵҶǰȻСצʼ裬Խ裬Խ˷ܡ
һᣬҶС׵СԴѧղǽ󣿡
ССԴæ㡣
У
У
ʱһԵͻȻ
ҶС׿棬Ҷдһ˿ɻҲ̫ŹЩС۾գѽգ
С㣬۽̲סһСڶвǰ
˵ڣҶС죬û˸ҵСһʹ𶼵øСһӡû취Сһܹ붯
һ㣬ʹҶ
С׵ע£һۣ󣬺һȻСףЦΣգǳΣգһŪãʹģʹ𣿡
ʹ
СգգۣȻҶ
ҶҪ˵ʱͻȻ𣬡СӣԺǰע£СһڸһͰνôȥ类
ѾˣʱͻȻ
Ҷ
ҶͷԼеСףһᣬЦЦС׶ǣȥıС׵ԸϣС׻ûûһЩΪܿġ
ûС׵Сףô꣬ʱСףʲô¶£ҳˡڣѾӵӰ߳
˵ֻҪС׻ĿĿ־ͺá
УСһҶ뿪˺Ȼں£ǣ棬Źȥʮѡ
һɽ֮ϣҶ±ߡ
ԷɽҶһһ̣ͻȻһת˲һֱûȺɽ֮С

ѧһŽΪԣٶѾĽŲڣİٶȣѾԶǴŲ
ΪѾַ򣬳˷򣬻Сԣٶȿ쵽˼¡
չһʱջģǴ޵н󣬶ǽԼѧڻͨ
ڻͨ
ջ
һӺҶ˪ס
˪һҶȻ
ʵ˲ٰ
ҶЦЦ㲻Ҳǣ
˪΢΢һЦң£
ҶһܣȻأ
չ
˪츳׿Ҫﵽ澳ΣӦòʲô¡һǴﵽ澳ΣʱɽҲһϯ֮ˡ
Ҷʲô뷨𣿡֪˪齨϶ʲô뷨ġ
˪΢΢ҡͷû̫̫뷨Ψһ뷨ǵʱȥϽʱи顣˶ѣ
Ҷ˵ͷãʱһȥ
˪һҶ뿪ããɽȻɽ
ɽ£Ҷ̧ͷȥ߾ͷȻɽ
ʱϢͻȻһɨ
Ҷ
֪δĿռУͻȻһ
ҶɽʱûԼɽǼ˲֪˲ˡˣǳ׵ıǱ˸˳
ҶɨһܣͻȻüͷ΢΢һ壬ͬʱ΢΢һܿ˿û˵ֱӽɽڲ
ôû˶֣ʱͻȻ
ԲвŻᶯ֡

һʼ˲׷ɱҶΪǾãǿԻɱҶڣҶεɱ¾֤Ǹɱ
ҶȻ𣬵ǣʵ
£Ȼû˸Ҷ鷳
ڣҶɽҲһ˲ǵĴڡ
ɽڲ֮Ҷֱ˵ʮһ㡣ʮһʮһҲһ磬˭ٳģͲ֪ˡ
ħ
һΣطΪѰħȻ֪𲻻⣬ǣνڵʵоųɰջɱ͵Ϯоųɾţ
Ϊβ˵ʮɣΪԼ
ԭأҶɨһܣҪͻȻ̧ͷԶһ˸
ϢϢ
ʱǵͻȻͣת˲ǵԼٶȳ߼Ϣʱ䣬ǵǰ
ܿ죬ɢȥһӳҶǰĲԶ
ӣҶʶ죡
Ҷдһ˿ȣû뵽졣
㣡
һҶȻﵽ澳ˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷû뵽ǰ
Цʱ޷ȥϽ磬ֻˡ
ǰʵϲȥҶʡȻ֪ʵжǿʣǾԶġʹڣǰλǳǳΣյĸо
ҡҡͷѽɽ̫ˡ˵⣬һҶȻʱµĲʲô磬Ҳʲôռġ
ģ
Ҷһ죬ԭΪ½Щǿ߲ȥΪǽռڿ鲻ô򵥰
ȥɣ
ʱͻȻطʱ򣡡
ΪΣҶʡ
ħֱΪħвͻٲ㽣Ȼ̣ȴûϾĵزֻҪһ˿©Ϳ
ô£Ҷ
쿴һҶȻˣ
Ҷ
ʱͻȻתʣдһ˿ɻ󣬡졭Щ˼
˵ţһҶȻˣ
˵꣬һֱʧʡ
ߺҶɨһܣȻҲʧԭء
û뿪ĽĻȱݣҲ֪ȱݣȻ֪ȱݣȻҪȥֲġңطܻﵽ׼ԣûǿֱӴﵽģ
Ϊк
ʵ˵ڵ֮ʵ
Ҷ뿪úһŮһͻȻ˳С
Ůӣ˾ˡ
Ҿ֪һҶȥķ򣬵
ӳ澳ˣ
һӣǲ֣ڹãܾѾﵽˣ

һĨ裬˵ĶԣǱ뾡֡ħضħңǸʱ򣬾ǵûᡣʱһ֣
˵ͷҪ˵ͻȻɫȻһ䣬ΪǰԶͻȻһӡӣҶ
ҶһӣȻУһϣ


1865 죡
һϣ
Ҷڹߵ뿴Լʵ˺̶ֳȡ
ڵ粻澳ΣںǰѧڵǰЩӵ˵ѾȻͬǣԼʵ˺̶ֳȣҪԣ
ԶҶﵽ澳ΣǲԼ޵ˣ
һԣЩˣеСɾͣ;Լ
ʱһͻȻڳ
ͣ
ڳһת˲
أ
ֱӱǧɿ⣬ȻҶԭأǣ࣬ƯõĽ

ڽʱѧǣʵһнĲˡˣֻڣ½о죬һеѾʵĸı䡣
Ҷ棬һۣн𾪡
ղţҶȻͽ˸ˣ
ţ
ʱԶҶͻȻһõĽת˲һڳһ

ɫ䣬ǿϢϯɲǼ䡪
䣡
ըֱӱسˡ
ˣ
ʱһͻȻڳ
Ҷڷģ֮ǰһġ
δ죡
ʩչһɲʱܹڣѾҪʩչһɲǣһұһɲǵٶȸ죡
Զɫޱȵ֪Ҷʵ࣬û뵽Ҷʵ̶ֳȣ
Ҫ֣ʱҶͻȻҶ㱾ԴѪ飬ĴмԣҶϻһ䡣޹ء
俴Ҷֻ֪ˣǣ㻹ţ
ҶҡҡͷʹҲɱġԣҪĻӦȥɱˡ
ЦȻҪ֮ǰһɱ㡣㡭
ʱԶҶԵͻȻʧת˲ֱüλá̺ǿֱӽΧĿռ˺ѿ
ⲻйٶȿ쵽˼֮󣬿ռܲסԵʣ
ҶĽ˵Ŀ죬ɫȻ䣬ӦҲһƴԲͻȻü䣬תһ׹ͻȻǰϯ
䣡
ȻɢȴҲسˣȻʱܣͻȻʮЩתţ̺ǿֱӽ
ɫ䣬ȻתͷһԵӣһ֣
Զ΢΢ת˲еĳǹǰ͵ؾһ
ͣ
ǹ£һǿϢͻȻҶЩϯȥǹϢȻûдݻҶЩȴЩͣõ˻Ļᡣ
Σûм֣תһһĹʧʡ
ͻһĻõҶӽסˡ
ˣ
Ȼˣ
ȻҪܡҶֵһ̣֪ڸɱҶɱˣܻᱻɱԣѡܣ
Ĺߣõɫޱѿˡ
Ҷߵķԥ£û׷׷һЩۣܹ׷ϵģûǱҪĿϡ
Ϊλᱻǿ׷ɱҪԭΪӡ£׵˽ˡ
俴һҶȻҶ˾Ľ˾ضŹ㣡
䣬תҪߡ
ȻʱһͻȻǰɵλá
ɫһҶôɱң֪˾
ʱҶͻȻ˰֣ӵĻ˾ʲô
䣬һ
ͣ
ǰǱֱӳӵȥ
ͫ΢û뵽ҶȻ˾Ӷĸɱһ̣Ҫţͱ뿿Լʵˡ
һеĳǹ͵ش̳
һԣҶ˫ָûжǣӵܣһһɽ˸档

Ѿ֮򣬽֮ˣڵؽڵؽ
ҲûЩɽ׼ͳҶȥΪҶЩɽͻ޾ȥĶܹ
ԼǰҶɫģûýʳָָȻǰһ㡣
ָ⣬˸
ָ
һУӽ޼õģָ죬һУרſ֮ۡĽһǣںʱȻ֣һʵкܶܶȡ֮ǣù޸ģںϣ
ǣµĽָˣ
ָ罣ָ
أ
ǸյҶǰֱӱҶһָǧɿ⣬ʱҶָͻȻնһ
ͣ
ǰĿռֱ˺ѿת˲һе

һУרġڣһбĳһɱУ
ͻĽõɫ䣬ӦҲ¾ǹһ⧲£ˣһǹûзӳʵ
䣡
ǵֱӽеĳǹѣͬʱߵķһ㣬׷˳ȥ
ˣ
ʱҶͻȻڳת˲ҶΪģԲǧڵĿռͻȻһţҶϢĳɵλá
һϢ
ˣ
һͻȻڳ
죡

Ҷʩչ˽򣬵ǣûʩչ޵н󡣶ʩչһɲǣ
ǰǸһɲǣԽΪһɲǡڣ൱񣬵Ȼⲻ޵УҪ֪˵Խ̫ʱ˼ǿֱӻٵġ
ûоԵ޵УҲû޵еˣ
ڣĸܵһУҲһУռ䣬򡭡˵ڽʩչһɲǣ൱ڽһɲһȼ
ңõĻһɲǣղһУ˽ָնνıԼַ֮
Ҷ彩Ӳ£͵Ŀǰû뵽ĽѾ̶ֳȡ
£ԴͻȻһᣬӲϵ
ʱҶͷͻȻģһ۵ӳһƬʡ
ͶӰ
ʱҶڵľͻȻҲҪ
˾
һ̣Ҷ֪ӵݣ


1866 ˶
Ȼǰλɲ˾
ͶӰ
ֻ൱һͶӰ
Ҷֱ˾˾˿Ҳע˶û˵
ڣھҲҪȴǱѹס
ʱҶͻȻ
䣬һҶǰܿ죬ɢȥǱɫĽҶͷԶ
Ҷǽȥ⣡
ûΪǿסԷ
ɫĽڿоҲţڱʲô˾ͶӰȴڽáϢ˾ͶӰѾʧ
Ҷüͷ΢壬Էôߣ
֪Ҷ룬ʱͻȻ𣬡ͶӰȻ⣬ǣȴﲻ֪ԶͶӰ⣬Ҳֻͣݵʱ䣬ԣǲ߽ǲܣ
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵСӣ˾պ϶ưոݵģ
Ҷ˵˾֮𣿡
壿
֮ԱǣСӣν壬ĳЩ²Żеġñ㣬ĵ˽¶Էһˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Ǻ˻ǻˣֻҪԼˣǾ͸ɱΪԷлɱʱ򣬶ԷǾԲģ
ʵ˾֮ìܱǺܴ֮ǰ㽫Է˵ʲôҲûˡڣ㲻ѧ幦ħԶԷʵضܹġԣʹ㻹ԷҲŹ㡣
Ҷʼ磬˭˭
䣺
ҶԶǱоó⽣Ȼ˾кĸ顣ȻζΪ⽣ģҲûҪ⽣ռΪУ
Ҷģģ˭Ҳ᲻ߣģȥǿ
ջ˼ҶɨһܣҪ뿪ʱͻȻ𣬡СӣСڲ֪ôˣ
Сڡ
ȻָСף
Ҷڣֻ˿̣СضϽǺǰȻ۾գѽգ
Ҷɫʱһɡ
ô£Ҷʡ
СһضϽңҰ޺á⽣飬ң⣬ô޵ĺá
޽
Ҷ
С׿˿䣬ֿ˿ҶСצָָ䣬ָָԼеضϽ
˼ˡ
С㣬Ǻͷʱˡ
ҶߵСǰȻΪʲôҪ⽣޺ã
СָָеضϽȻСצ

С׵˼ǣضϽܿ
ҶضϽĬؽԴ󣬾һֱڽĬš
ˣ
Ҷǽޣܹܵ⽣Ҳ⽣ңô꣬ңӣ϶иģͺñȽô֮꣬ͬмĸ顣
ڣңΪ˳ɾԼĽȴǽ۶
ʱͻȻ⽣ˡһܳܣ
Ҷ˵ͷңȷʵһһһǳǾġУԶԶûԼҪ
ѧĿģΪˣ
ʱͻȻҪ޸⽣ϻа취
ϻ
ָȻ
Ҷ˿еؽ⽣ҪҪ޸أ
ʱСͻȻץҡҡУǿ֮ɫ
ҶС׵СԴȻЦãȥϻ𣡡
ԣС׶ʱһЦ
ܿ죬ҶС׳ǰ
ȷҪ
ҶԵĻͰ޸ɣ

ҶСףСգգۣȻСצһףضϽʱ¯С
СգգۣȻԴǰ̽̽ܿ˻Ҳеġ
˺һᣬͻȻ˽
Ҷﲻˣ
ȵȾ֪ˣ
Ҷ
ԼһʱһͻȻ¯з˳
Լߣֻһָ룬⻬֮⣬ûʲô֮
ʱСͻȻСצһǱɵצУͬʱצһ̯һɵצС˾Ǳ
Ҷһʱ˾ǱͻȻɢһɿֲĽңӵǱѹȥ
ȻµĽ֣ܵв
Ȼʱ
ˣ
һͻȻڳת˲СצǱֱӳ˾Ǳ˹ȥ
ССצæɿСҶ㵵Ŀ֮УңӵǱȻ˾Ǳڿս

ҶЩ£ܿ죬Щɻˡ˾ĽңӵĽȻ϶ǣȴ˾Ľ⣿
Ĳ֮
ʱͻȻСӣҪסһ㣬˶⽣Ȼ˾ĽǰǿԼϴ죬ǣ˲
ʲô˼Ҷ
˼ǣҪѰʺԼĽȻúһ콣ͨʵ֣֮ᷢһݣҲ˾ǿǿ벻ǿʹˡʹ޵У⽣ȻҲ޵еģ
˶
ҶһСĽȻ⽣档⽣棬Ǵһʼڵġ
ãҶͻȻЦЦϻ˵ûҲҪӦȥҪǿĽȥҪʺԼĽ
ʶʶʱͻȻ㽣ⲻףʶ֮Уýⲻιɳﵽͨ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ󽫽յʶ֮С
СһҶ뿪˺ڣЩˡ
Ҫԭ߽˭˭ͻȻܴǾǶֺСס
Сף
ںڵС˵Ϲﶼҵ
СҲЩͷˡǾʹܡ
ҶûйСж˵иҪ顣ǾѰħ

澳Σ˵Ͻ磬ǧ棬Щ뾡һпԼʵ

ããϣҶΨһĸоǾǳİ
Ҷɨһܣֻ

ʱһЩëȻͻȻҶ
ʱҶͣ˽Ų


1867 磡
ħ
Ҷ֪Ǵ˵еħˡ
ʱǰĳͻȻһá
ɽ
˿̣Χĳɽɽƺ֮С·Ѫ졣
Ҷȥ·ڼս
Ϊ׵ģҶ
ڤŮ밲ϾŮֵˣҲʶ˾
˾
ֳʥ˾
˾ǿÿһЯ֮밲ϾŮ˾Ķ֡󣬰ϾŮһһǰȥ
Ȼƶ֮еҶȴûаֲ

֪ħĻȻʱһͻȻ𣬡Ǻǣǻ𣿡
ҶתͷȥԲԶһˡ
ʱֵħһ壬ӵһǾܹڶݵʱڣһ˵δϧǿԼδ
ҶһۺˣȻǣģе㲻̫һ
˵УħԻǵĹ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ǻǣ
ЦЦħӲԻǣֻǻὫԼģȻͨǰ
ȻأҶ
˵Ȼǻ裬񣬻ǻǵΪ
Ҷ㵹Ǻ̹ס
˵֪ǽޣͨǡľ֮ǰһУֻǻ󣿲Щǻղģδĳһ죬ضᷢ
ҶֱӺˣҲ˵ġǣҾãĽҪģҪǹ̡ҲԺΣֻڡˣδΣǺۣ
˳Ĭ
Ҷͷһ··սѾ밲ϾŮȻǶˡ
ҶҡͷЦЦҾãҲҪʲôˡֻҪֱļɣ
䣬һӣֱ
ܿ죬Ҷصʵ
Ǻˣԡ
ʱǺͻȻ
Ҷǣ˵覴ã
ҡҡͷ˵覴ã֡ûһģʲôŵ㣬϶Ҳȱ㡣ȱ㣬ǽ⣬ǽƫҡ
ңҶ
˵˵ͷ˵û㣬ȥı䣬ǿܾͲˡȻȥı䣬϶ܹԼһ¥ı䣬Ҳܸһ¥
Ҷҡҡͷ˵Щӡ
˵ֱģɣ
ҶһۺˣȻΪʲô˵Щ
˳Ĭ
ҶЦ˵ħ˵İã
˵ɱ㡣ȻɱˣβΪѣǿߣֵκ˽ύ𣿡
Ҷһ۶ԷȻ˵ͷȷʵ
ħʾãҶȻܾ˶ð£ҪǣûҪĴСǰǹŵۣЩˣܽύģȻҪύġ
ӣ
˵֡
ҶҪ˵ʱͻȻ֪Ҷ
ҶһĨȣô֪
ӵɽ˭˲֪㣿һ̣ǾѾڹ۲ˡ
ҶԼıӣû뵽ԼȻôˡħһĶ֪ˡ
ʱͻȻ֣ħһ峤㣡
ħ峤
Ҷüͷ΢壬
ӵ֪ף
ף
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷãȥ

£ֱӻһĹ⳯Ʈȥ
Ҷ΢£һõĽת˲
ܿ죬ҶƶˣڷдԼһʱһҶС
й
ǹǰڹϷڴ֣ħ
ӽҶǹǰȻһơ
Ҷһ۹Ȼ˽ȥ̤һ̣ΧĿռͻȻ˲
Ҷ˫ۻΧĿռ仹ڲԼһӺΧĿռָƽҶ۾ڵУǣ˵Ѿ֮ǰǸ
ħһľ壬涼СһЩ£
ʱһͻȻڳ
Ҷ̧ͷȥԶһźȹŮӡŮӴԼʮ꣬ķ磬£͸һɳķ飬͸˵ҡ
ŮӣҶɫ
ɲ⣡
Ů˸ĸоָоģֻ컹ħ档
΢΢һЦƱ̣ħ峤
Ҷ΢΢ͷҪף
Ʊ̴һҶȻЦҫ۵ţ뵨ʵԡ˵⣬΢΢һ٣Ȼֵȷʵһʽף
Ը꣡Ҷ
Ʊ̵֪Ϊλط
Ҷҡҡͷ
Ʊ̵磬ħ硣ǣҲǵĵطЩһǣҲط顣
ҶƱ̣û˵
Ʊֵʱڣǣŵĳ֣࿪ʼȻвƬصЩ顣ǣս⡣ʤˡ
أҶ
Ʊ̵ӵӣǣҴġǣǱطԶ޷ȥ
˭صģҶ
ƱЦЦⶼҪˡҪǣҪȥȻǳȥ࣬ûֻ뿪طȻΪлһһı꣡
Ҷôܷǳȥ
ƱͻȻҶǰȻеĽ磬һƣǾͿԳȥˡ
ҶֱƱ̣飬Ӧòô򵥰ɣ
Ʊ̵˵ͷȷʵô򵥣ǶԱ˶ԡǣ˵飬ѡΪǽǽƵط
ҶĬ
ʱƱ̵ڵǷΪ꣬ҿﵽӵ㣬ƾͿǿһս

ҶɫЩݣ׼ȷ˵ЩĶˡ
ڣʵѾõǣȴûеõ̫ﵽʵһ¥
ܴܿ
ǣƳ磬϶зյġ
֪Ҷ룬Ʊֵɷģƿ˽磬Ѱ鷳ΪħһˣѾȥϽ硣ԷѾߣѾ䡣
ĬúҶֱƱ̣ãʽףˣ
Ʊ΢΢һЦ죡
ʱҶҪȰ
ƱЦû⣬
£һƮֱʧԭء
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻȥ


1868 ǳ
һӺҶƱһɽɽ¡ɽףһˮ̶ˮЩ죬ΪЩˮȫʾɫ
ҶƱ̣΢΢һЦħ̶ɲʲôˮǳ֮
ǳ֮
Ҷ㶣Ȼתͷħ̶ϸ֮Ҷ֣ʵȷʵǳ֮ƽʱǳ֮Щͬ
Ʊ̵ǳ֮ǿǳ֮Ϊռǳֺ֮֮ķѴ侻ûһ˿ʡЩǳ֮ضܹﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
Ҷ㵵ЩǸҵģ
Ʊ̱΢һǺָܿһҶȻȻǣֻҪﵽɡЩǳ֮ȱռĿΪš
˵⣬һҶû˵ȥˡ
ҶڨЦЦҾǿЦ
Ʊ΢΢ͷΪʾħĳ⣬Ը˵ţһӣɲǼ䣬ħ̶ڵǳ֮ʼ
Ҷ㲻ҷڣ
ƱֱҶ𣿡
Ҷһأ
Ʊ̵ԣ
ҶЦЦû˵ʲô£һûħ̶֮С
أ
Ҷħ̶ħ̶ʱܿ죬ǳ֮Ҷ۶ȥ
ˬ
ǳˬ
ҶڵĸоЩǳ֮Ѹٱա
ǳ
һ̣뵽ǳ
ǳϵѧһʼ幦İǿǾ޴ġǺñ΢΢ˣˡ
ĬһᣬҶڵͻȻת
ǳȻԭǳ˵ȻûʲôõģҪ֪Ѿǳ࣡
ԣҪǣǳ
ʱһһȥҶյǳ֮ԽԽ࣬Ͻ˾ɫƬЩƬԽԽ࣬һʼС֣ڱ鲼Ҷȫ
Ҷ鲼ɫƬǺܿ죬ЩɫƬʼЩɫƬֽʧҲԣӦ˵Ǳ͸ˣ
͸
ҶȫЩƬ͸
һԣƱü΢΢ΪҶյǳ֮ԽԽˡ
ħ̶ڵǳ֮ԽԽ٣Ʊüͷĸˡһ̣ЩˡЩǳ֮ʹҲǲ׻ӻġ
̫ˣ
ڣҶȴ޼ɵգһһ޵׶һ㣡
Ӻ󣬼ҶڷգƱֹ̾ˡʱħ̶ͻȻƽ
Ҷûǳ֮ˣ
һĻƱжʱһɡҪҶڼȥͲòֹˡܻãҶֹͣˡ
ʱҶͻȻ۾
˫ڣһɫâһ
ܿ죬ҶվһȻ˫ֽһ˲䣬ȫͻȻ˾ɫ⣬ЩɫһϸСһϲ˸
ʲôƱ̵
Ҷ˿ԼϵЩɫ⣬ȻЦһŹ
Ʊ΢΢ͷ
ҶһȻƱ̣ǰֽУ
ʱ˿̣оԼ˿̣Ҳ뿴ԼƬǿжٲࡣ
Ʊħ峤ʵȲߣ϶Ҳ̫١
Ʊ̿ҶãȻȷ
Ҷ˵ͷԣ
Ʊ΢΢ͷȻһӣɲǼ䣬Ҷͬʱʧԭء
˲ϢҶƱһƬ֮С
Ʊ̵֣
ҶһƱ̣Ȼǰȳְɣ
ȷƱ̵
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ʊ΢΢ͷȻͻȻʧԭأƱʧһ˲ҶɫȻһ䡣
Ʊʧһ˲ҶͻȻ֣ʳǵĺڹ⣬ת˲ЩǹͻȻһ㳯к
أ
Ҷһ̵ĸо
Ҷһһ̣ǰ̤һһ̤ΪģԲǧڵĿռͻȻһͬʱʮõĽܡ
ն
Ҷ£ǧ֮ڣ˲䱻⸲ǣ
һӺ󣬳лָ
ҶڣƱҲڡ
˿̣Ʊ̵ɫЩصġҶãȻţ
ҶĻҪǿ
Ʊ΢΢ҡͷղȻûоȫǣҲûзˮΪ֪ҶʵҲҶǣû뵽ҶȻˣ
Ҷʵĳ
Ҫ֪Ҷ֮Ĳ࣬ǿɲһ㣡
Ʊ̵ʵҲҶ󡣸ղƱһгʱʩչ޵нӲ
вģ
УĬһҶƱ̣ǰѾԣڸΰħ壿
Ʊ̧ͷһʣƬ磬һ޴Ľ磬磬ħꡭڣҲʱʧˡ
Ҷѵǰʵ޷ƿǽ磿
ԣ
ƱֱҶҿƣǣ˴˽磬ұضļһ׵ģ
Ҷ˵ͷˡ
˵ţһʥУ𣿡
Ʊ΢΢ҡͷ˿̲Уħ廹δ׼ãƿ磬鷳¡
˵⣬΢΢һ٣Ұʱɺã
£
Ҷԥ£Ȼǰҵĵ˿ǺܶģҲºҶͲˡԣȷҪԺ𣿡
ƱЦЦǼϲļһƬ磬ûܹɱˡ
ҶЦЦȻȻǰѾҾͲ˵ʲôˡºһħ塣ˣ
䣬Ҷͣһʧʡ
ҶߺƱɫãҡҡͷ塭ǵ񣡡

Ҷûڵʮһ뿪˵ʮһ㡣
ɽ⡣
ҶɨһܣȻ뿪ԭء
ããǿ֮УҶС
һεĿģȻȻûˣˣȻԷһǱڰУȻȴʱʱһ
ܿ죬Ҷǿס
أҶüͷ
ΪͷϿգͻȻһ޴ĹĻĻڣͬʱҶоʮǿϢͻȻϡ
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬡Ҷܾˡ


1869 Լģ

Ҷ̧ͷȥԶ֪ʱһŮӡŮӣ֮һ𡣶󣬻ʮˣЩˣҶʶϢʣǶǿߡ

һ
ҶһȻֱң㲢ҪΪ籨𣬶𣿡
˫΢΢һУҪ˵ʱҶֵϾô꣬ҲţһˡҵûиϵӦġҵʵͬǣ㻹Ҫɱҡܲ
΢΢ȻЩҪ𣿡
Ҷֱ𣬡ң㱳ˡҿɲɱ㣡
ЦɱңҶģ綼ߡһ㡭
ʱԲǧڵĿռͻȻ΢΢һ
ת˲һڳһ
ͣ
ԣһԴ׵ط˳ȥ
Ѫ
УסҲû뵽ҶȻǰ˲ɱһˡ
ʱ˿̣Ѿһ˿η塣ȻĻţ
ʱҶȥһλᣬң㱳˭˵ˣת뿪
ҶãȻ˵һ˿
䣬һУɲǼ䣬ǹĻͻȻţͻȻʼ꣬ޱȡ
ͬʱҶ֣
£ΧЩǿȫһҶ˹ȥ
δǿϢѾҶǰ
ʱҶ˫΢գ
£ܣͻȻʮõĽͬʱҶΪģԲǧڵĿռͻȻ΢΢һת˲ǧڣݺᣡ
͡
ݺύ

޵н
˽һӣЩڳлɢ˿ֻ̣ʣҶ
Щ͵ĿҶʲô
󣡡
Ҷ˵꣬תȥ
󡭡
ԭأһģ䳹ʧ˳С
ããǿ֮С
Ҷǿ֮У˫΢գ˼
ȥԽɽҹۻǺ𣬶ڣ𡭡ǵı󣬿϶ǻ˵ģ
ָܹʹǵģضߣ߲ʵǿߣ
˭
Ҷ˼úȻҡҡͷȥˡܶԷ˭ţԷ϶ġڣԷ֪ʵ󣬶ԷҪ֣ҪôԳ֣Ҫôҹǿߣ
֮⣬ûǣԼҪȥϽġϽ磬ǲǿƣ
һᣬҶɨһܣȻ뿪ԭء
ûǰɽǻףҲҡ
뿪ɽѾһӣҲʫŮڣûʲô飬ȥʫŮ
ųǡ
Ұ˪ǰķԸûг
͵չ
ڵĲԡڴˣҶҲͬġΪ˪ҪȥϽġһߣûµų֣ʱұضǷǳΣյġ
Ҫ֪Ҿں֮󣬶ǿ߿Ѿʣ޼ˡ
ųڣһ԰С
ͻȻһŷǻ԰Ͽգת˲һͻȻڻ԰֮𣺡
£ŷͻȻ΢΢һת˲ֱըѿɲǼ䣬ͬɫĹĻ̻һ㣬Ǻÿ
ʱһŮͻȻǻ԰УŮԼʮ˾꣬һϮ黨ȹԺһСӣɰִ֮һҰԡ
ŮߣһֻСŮСŮԺСӣϣʱ׹˸
ŮұߣһԼʮСŮСŮһϮɫȹһ硣䣬бһ
ǿвõ⣬ŮߵǸСŮСһģ㣬ڷ
ŮǱ
΢΢һЦСŮԴȻգȵʱһ׵磬ըҲÿ
ãСԴæ㡣
ʱұߵŮѩ£
ұ彣ŮҶŮѩ
ѩ΢΢Ƭ̺ȥҵ
Сۡ
ûϷڵĵط϶ǺΣյġﲻȥģ
ѩ˽еĽȻѾ߾ˣģ
˵ţգգ˵ǲǣ
ҧСָЩԥ£Ȼ񣬻ûء
ѩС΢΢һ죬ݺݵһաǳɳٶǷǳģңֿƿ׵磬˵˵ǻߣ߾ǿ߶򲻹
յĻһԵıʱ̲סЦ
ʱѩһתȻ㣬Ҫ͵͵ȥǸʲôɽɣ
͵͵ȥգգۣǲǲ̫ã
ѩЦʲôãô˭˵ǣ
תתȻգգȥȥ
ȥ
յ˵СԴ
һԱհġ
Լ°룬Ȼʫǿ϶ǲȥģԣҪȥͱ͵͵뿪Ҫβ͵͵뿪أ
ѩһ˲˲ضűУڴ֮ɫ
ӣˣ
һᣬ۾һˡ˵ţóŷȻǵϢʱ̣ܶǵö㣡
ѩĿʱŷϡ
ȻǿڰбѩŮǣģڱĹ£СһϢ뿪˹ųǡ
ųһСŮ˷֮ɫ
óһŵͼȻ˿ͼָŵͼһط⣬ߣߡգٻ׵磬ȥ
յ˵СԴȻСһУʱһϸСŮǰѩһֱȥҲæȥ
ݣ
Сһģֱӻһ׹ʧƲ֮С
ʱ
ųǣӦ˵ҷˡ
Сڲˣ
һ˲䣬ǿ

ٻسٶǼģŮƶ˼ޣ֮Щˡ
ߵ
ò˵ǳߵʱʱǿʶɨ
֪˶ãͻȻСŮͣΪǰӡ

Ŀϣ磬û뵽طȻһֻ
ȷʵұŻ۵гһ˿˷ܣúʣ
ѩһӣȻ򱦶㣬Ҫʲô
ԥ£ȻҪ٣
٣
ѩ۾һǲ㾭£
˵ͷɫЩÿѩԼնҪ࣬Ȼ֪Ĵʱ˿̣Щˡ֮ǰ뵽ֻк棬ȴû뵽ǷǳΣյġ
ô죿
ʱ˿̣СЩˡ
ѩҪ˵ʱԶұߵͻȻһץֱӳűŮץ˹
Ӷ֣ɫ΢䣬գСһģµֱӻһ׹⳯ӳ˹ȥ
ǷһĨмһӣɲǼ䣬ֱӱɢ
һĻŮֱӴסˡ
ɫЩ԰׵Ŀӣ澳ǿߡ
СŮе
ЦЦȻҪ֣ʱѩͻȻ㣬Ҹ㣬ϵġ
æ˵ͷǳģԼģ
СԴҲ˵㣬춼ģ
ЦЦôϵʲô
ʱǻüͷǷϻ
ԣԱߵӵ˵ͷȻһֱ̽ӳŮץ˹ȥ
һץһǿϢֱӽŮ֣ŮʱоԼ·𱻴ɽѹסһ㣬
ʱѩæҵҶҶҶ
ѩ£ֻץǵͻȻͣ
ǻһۣǻԥ£Ȼ⣬λλýҶ
ѩæ˵СԴ
ʱͻȻǸǸһ۾죬ȫҶǲҪ۸ǣɱԼȻɱǵģɱǣɱԼģ
˵Ѿʼضˡ
ѩ뱦Ļǻһۣɫޱȵء
һᣬһȻѩǿмһõЦݣλСգղֻһᡭ


1870 ϵҶ
ᣡ
ŮͻĻŪסˡ
Ե򲻽磬ҶǸʲô
죡
ͻȻŭһӣȻֿѩǵѩʱϵŭȴѾʧӰ٣ȡ֮ǺͰЦݡ
΢ЦλСղŵ飬ֻһᣬ˵вУ
ѩգգۣȻ򱦶ԥ£ȻȻֻһᣬǲġøǣɽôߣǰյͼߣǺе㲻ԡ
ԣɫʱһɣȻŮһۣҪȥɽ
ѩ˵ͷҪȥϵ
Ƥһԥ£ָָҲ࣬طߣǵٶȣò˶þͻᵽˡ
ûƭǰɣѩЩɵ
ӵûУҸմɽ
ѩ򱦶˵СԴȻǶлˡǣˡ˵ţա
ջ⣬СһУһŮǰŮʧ˻ӵС
磬Ϊʲô
Ůߺ󣬻ԵӲ
һȻ̰̰˰ղĶּ֣ұضʧ׵׵ʧ
Ҷ˭ӳ
ӿһӣȻһӡˣˣ
ɽȻ֪Ҷ飬ҲΪˣղϷ֡ΪһҶɷǣֻԴ¿ߵ˲Żô
˵һһٸԸ⣡
Ϊûã

ƶ֮УСŮ衣
㣬ϵɣϣѩЩ
δ˵ߵæ˵СԴ
ԥ£ȻҪҪǻȥɣ
ϾĶһЩѩǰûûΡʱ˿̣ѾʶΣգҲʶԼ˾ôǶô³çΣգ
ȥ
ѩҡҡСԴҪȥϵ
ͶƱ޳ɻȥ
ѩա
Ǵзİ취ӶڣһƱҪ
ҧСָ˺һᣬȻҲ磡
Ү
ѩС϶ʱ¶һõЦݡ
εҡҡͷ
Ů·
һ·ϣһʼЩģǵ󣬱ȴҲ׷ˡ
һ·ϣˡУһЩ˶ǲ⣬ǣѩһ䡰ϵҶЩ˵̬ȶһʮȵĴת䣡
Ҷ
λ˭
˵ǧͷʢģĪҶˡرɽɽҶѾ֮޵Уǹ֮޵У
ȻⲻҶµĵطҶµĵطԸ봦ֶΡ
һλӣ
ˣڵ֪ѩҶŮЩ˽ЦǸˣеĻһǡ
ҲΪˣŮһ·߸ͽܿ죬Ů˳ء
Խأɽ
ɪôɽ
ѩǸƵɽ˷ܵɽô󣬺øߡ
ԣ뱦˵СԴʾ޳ɡɽⱲӼɽˡ
ߣȥɽʱѩͻȻ
Щԥ
ѩֻСֱȻһ£㣬㲻ȥ𣿡
һɽɽ߰϶ܺ氡ǣ᲻Σأ
Щᡣ
ʱѩͻȻϵڣɶ
æ˵СԴԣиڣ£
Сۣ
뵽һ·Щ˶Լ˵̬ȣ룬СطӦûĲġң˪ˣӦûΣյģûΣյģ
뵽⣬ھԥСһӣߣȥɽ
յĴ£Ůһɽɽ¡
ŮҪɽһȴǳŮǰȻɱȴڣֻˡˣɽ漸㣬Ǳƿš
߼ŮʱüͷʱסΪԼˡ
ʲô
һ߾
үүҪʲôѩ
ٴϸһŮȷԼûп
ԥ£Ȼλǡ
ѩָָ棬Ҫȥ棡
棡
һ鴤ɵĿһŮԥ£Ȼ֪𣿡
ûȰŮΪŮ϶ͨˣЦͨ˸ˣУŮѾޱˡ
أ
ѩգգۣҪ˵ʱ֪֪
˵ţСһ̯һöʯߵǰŷ׵ģ׵ģ
ʯͨʯ
öʯɫʱŹ
𣿡
ʱóʮʯݵߵǰ𣿡
ߣ
ѩ½ǣ㣬񲻹أ
ҪʯʱͻȻλϷˣϷ𣿡
ЩһЩء
ѩһۣѩߵߵǰԥ£ȻҸ˵รңϵҶģ

㶣ȻҶ
ѩæ˵СԴ
ߺ˹ɨһܣһ̣оĳһ˫۾
Ůע£¶һͰЦݣԭˣˡλ
Ҫŷ𣿡
ҡҡͷҪ
ôģ챦˭֪ǱҶɱİˣε챦εĵһͷһ׼Ҷ
ʵɽǼ⣬û˸ҶˡʹʣµļҲң
ߵĻѩ򱦶ϵʯã
˵Դȷʵ
СŮҡڵĽɽڲ
ԭأɨһܣȻ˱ȭ٣챦Ըûж⣬֮£ȫΪ챦޹أ
ΧûлӦ
ԥ£Ȼֵ˵ˣʱ䣬¼רΪǸ
ΧûлӦ
ѵǽȥˣԭأü˼

ϵҶ
ɽڲһʱʱ𡭡


1871 ô
ųǣ
һͻȻ׹䣬û˹ų֮СǺܿ죬𣬲Լٶȳʼȥ
ƶ֮С
ҶУʫ
Ҷջصң֪Ůҳߵ顣֪ŮҳʱҶģĵЩˡ
Ůͷ⡣
ѩǱգŮУûκκһ˶ܳ£
ʫҶסҶӦȥɽˡ
ɽ
ҶΪʲô
ʫѩü˵Ҫȥҵ
ԣҶĪһʹ
ʫ˽ҶȻǸˡ
ҶҡҡͷҵĴǵʱ̫̫ˡ
䣬ҶҽһµĽһٶ˲䱬

ɽ
ɽڲСŮǷǳĿġΪСŮʵ̫̫ˡʱʱʶСŮɨЩʶ඼ͣϡ
ٺòˡ
˶֡Ϊ״
ǿɽûһ򵥵ˡСŮôȴҽһ
è壡
è壡
ʹʱҲѩһ䣺ϵҶӲ˻ȥ
ɽǵľҶ
һλɱ
ǿҶضڰеġ
ˣ뿪֮ǰЩ˻ܱ˱ȭǸ
СŮһ·ͨ衣ܿ죬Ů˵ʮ㡣硣
ΧЩѩطоò߰ɣ
˵СԴʾͬ
Ůգջ⣬СһУһǵǰ
ŮҪ뿪ʱͻȻһ̶ļͻȻڳ쳹

ͬʱһڹֶ֮ȻŮ˹
Ů󺧣
æѩ½ǣ˵죬졭
ʱһԵͻȻϵҶ
ȻǺڹٶȻ
һĻ˫۾Ĵģǲûء
ǺڹҪŮûʱͻȻһ̹ڳһǵֱ̹ӽǵڹ顣
ܿ죬һͷɫŮǰ
ó󣡡䲻˵һ䡣
ԣʱ
ʱæȻǸǸҲر󡣡
飺
һᣬҶںδ
ѩҪ˵ʱͻȻ˵ȵȾ

Ƥһʲô
룬Ȼ棡
飺
ʱֵңҲģ
ͷ俴һ۱ŮȻ뿪ȥҶ岻ΪУǣҲ۵ġ
˵⣬ԥ£Ȼָһһöɽ˱ǰʮ鵤ЩӦѾˡ
˵꣬תʧԭء
ԭأŮ˿ǰɽ䣬ЩС¡
ѩԥ£Ȼǣû˵ٰ
ɽȻǲȥɽˣǵȥСۣ
ʱ˿̣ʶԼǶôΣˡС۵ͷȻʹǣһʶС۵أ
ѩԥ£Ҳǵ˵ͷ
ȻЩûûΣǲɵҲ֪Լ˴˿̵Ĵôã
ŮûڼϹ䣬Ů˵ھŲ㣬Ҫ£ʱھŲϿյɫͨͻȻŮ̧ͷɫͨ
ôˣѩ
ҡҡͷ֪
жҪѩ
ܣǿߣȥСۡ
˵ţѩգҪ뿪ȻʱɫͨͻȻһת˲һеɢȥһŽɫ׵ĳǹӳŮͷϷԶ
Ͻˣ
˫ۻϣãϵĽ⽥ƽȥʱ۾ȻɨһܣϽ˾֮ǰɱҶ֪ںδ
ɱҶ
ԭҪߵıŮʱͣѩǽӣҪ˵ʲôȴǱæס͡
ҡҡСԴȻѩȥ
С
ĬһᣬһͻȻڳ𣬡Ͻ˾ΪҪɱҶ
ӿұߣ˲ħ幦ʥС֪䣬ɸ֪ҡ˵ţóɫƣ۽Ʒ֪ߣˣ
УǶҶʶ֮ǰڣ֮ǰѾһԣɱȷ˽ʵ
ӵǵ£Ͳθ²ˡ
ĬϢǰеٴ𣬡Ҳ֪䣬ǣ֪и취ҵ
˵ǽӵ
УСŮûСŮһԳҶŮסţҶضֵģ
⻰ɫ䣬£Ůɿ񱼡
ȻʱһصͻȻסǣ֣Ů޷
ʱһͻȻŮԡ
ӣǹŵۡ
ŵۿǽЦЦȻ֪˾Ͻ磬֮֮һǣ½飬ʵԹά
ӿһ۹ŵۣȻԹɴߣԶСڡֻҪǺõģڹֶ̣һ㣬ʲôϵأ
ŵЦЦʲôϵüСŮвҶֶΣǴϽ磬˾̫ðɣ
ֱӹŵۣģ˾ʲôϵߣ˭ֻᴫȥأˡֱԣԺûлˣ
䣬һ㣬еǱɫǹֱӻһ⳯Źŵۼȥ
ŵɫƽָһ㣬һ㣬ǰĿռֱ˺ѿţһǹеǵһ
䣡
һ𣬽ɢȥ
Уǽӿ˿ԼеĳǹȻʵ
䣬һֱӻһʧԭء
ŵҪ֣ͻȻһŽɫķ˹ŵ۵Ͽգת˲֮ƮһȭͷĽɫС֡

ֳֵһ̡
أ
ŵֱӱǧɿ⡣
Цһ˾ֵͣܵ
˵ţĿ˱ŮϣһӣһϢֱӳŮϯȥ
ʱ
ŮСС֣۾ţرգС岻ϲţл߶Ҳ̰ˣҲ̰ˡ
ˣ
һڳһ
ǵϢ˲ɢ
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬡ңô


1872 ܽ
ô
£һһȹŮӳ˳СӲ㿡ǷϬһѱʡ
ŮһϮɫȹ㷢磬վ˿һ۾ǵˡ
ŮӣҶʫ
Ҷ
ͻȻ
ɽҶڽɵĴڣû˸ȥǣ˵ʥǱʥøĶҲû˸ȥ
Ȼûʲô˸ǣа
УЩֻˡ

ʱһ˳еƽ˵Ŀ֮£һСӰͻȻɵҶĻ
ҲߵҶԣ˿̣ȴЩСġȻҲ֪Լδˡգûôֱ࣬סҶ֣СϣǲõЦݡ
ŮҶҪ𱸵Ļȫ֪ɵȥˡ
𱸣
ʵҪ

ʱʫͻȻ
ʫĻҶеѩҶͷȻԹߵʫԡʫƽʱ˵ѩԼλ׵ƢǺġ֪ԼҪǺ϶Ƿǳǳصġ
ʫһѩȻҶСģ
Ҷ˵ͷ̧ͷԶǽӣ˾ģ
ӴһҶȻѹ֮ǰ˻ò˵ʵȷʵ
ҶԶרҵİɣ
񽥽ҶʥҸһȫʬΣ
ҶЦЦԭΪֻҪģû뵽㲻ҪҪҵ
ӵ㲻а幦Ͻ磬ڹȻ壬һζ㡭
ҶͻȻ˰֣ˡֱԣѧʲô˾ƨ£ϻҲ˵ˡھԴ㲱Ӱң
䣬ͻȻһ⣬ת˲ǵֱʧԭء
䣡
˻δǽӱֱӱǧɿ⡣˻عʱͻȻǽӵܣ⼸쵽˼£۸Կ
ʱ˿̣еױȵġ
𺳣
ҶʵȫԤϡһ̣˿֮ģ£һӣһŷƮ˳ŷ΢΢һһϸСĽɫ˳

ֺǸյǰļֱӱָ顣
ԶһĻҶһĨ죬ʲô⣿
СһЩʱǹŵ۳Ҷԣ⣬Ͻ˾ģǿɴ⣡
˾ģ
Ҷ˵ͷҪ˵ʱԶǸϸСġͻȻ
Ҵ⣬ҶӿȻǰһָ
ָ
䣡
Ҷ־һȻ˳ɣǸϸСĽɫҲҶһָɡ
Զǽɫû뵽Ǹ־ȻᱻҶˡ
͹Ҷˣ
ص͹Ҷˣ
ӿҶҪ˵ʱҶҿûȤߴߴᣡ
£ͻȻһת˲һڳһ
ǽɫ䣬Ҫ֣ʱһصͻȻ˳Уصֵһ̣ҶǵٶȶȻ
һֻ̣ʣһͷ
ˣ
Ȼˡ
һϢ󣬳лָƽ˵ע£ǽӵԴͻȻ䲱ϵѪԴء
һ˲䣬а
һž
ҶһУǽϴɽʱɵСûйܳˣǹŵۣǰ飬лˣ
ŵۿһҶȻЦСһ׮
ҶЦЦҪ˵ʱͻȻСۣղ˳ǣǽץǵģ
ԣҶ˲֪ɽҪǣһ¡룬رǻ漰ѩǣ
Բ̵ģ
Ҷ̧ͷУȻôȴҵ𣿡
ϢҶ˲ԶͻȻһˡ
û뵽Ҷ㵽̶ֳȣ˵֮Уһ˿Ρ
ָź˵
Ȼʶˣǣǵøղ˵˵
Զ˵Ҷ֪ΪҪôΪ
ʱһڳһ
Ǻ彩ӲһϢǺ˵ԴֱӴӲϵ
ʱҶͻȻǸҲ֪
䣬űתȥ
Уһ̾ϢͻȻڳ𣬡ɻ

жĸˣʫ뱦Ů
СյŮʶˣһ棬һ𡣲һܴ󷽵İѩ档
˵ĪѩˣΪҲѧΪС׵Եʣǳĸӣѩʹ
ԶżС֣Ҷѵóһ˿Цݡ
ҶԣʫԺˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻʫѩҲڿʼѧ
ʫ΢΢ͷȻסҶ֣֪ܳ㣬رڡ
ңҶ΢΢һȻʲô

ʫ΢΢һЦղһֱڸ˵һ·飬˵ʲôΣգֻҪ֣û˸˺ǡе˻Ǹ
ԣҶҡͷһЦʵѩĻǿܾûôˡΪϵûôڣɽҹҶģû
ЩߣţЩ˼ʹ⣬ҲǶֵġ
ԽǿߣԽǽԽ޳ܵ顣
ûʲôµˣ²Żûеߣ
ʱʫǿܲȥˣ
ҶһԶѩ뱦գȻЦҪȥ
˵ţסʫ֣ˡһΣǶңʲô飬һԣòã
ʫ΢΢һȻӵҶĻã
ʵҶΪʲôǴߣΪҶҪΣյĶࡣǣҶ֪ܲʵǷǳģһһеġ
Ϊٲÿ춼ĵģ
ʱѩͻȻܵҶǰȻסҶ֣ϵҸղһУòã
ҶѩСԴȻЦһУ
ѩ˷ܵһͰǽɱ˵һУ
ҶҪ˵ʱСͻȻһҶǰȻôҶûлСצ˼ȴǷǳԡ
ҲҪѧ
С׵˼
ܽ
ʱͻȻ
ֱġ


1873 ƨ£
С׽
һôµ鰡
СһʱǲܵģǣһǼֱ޷죬رڣкĿԺߡһѧὣȿ϶ģ
СõͨĽȻ壬ǣСõ˾Ľ
ǽǿǷģ
ĻС㶣Ȼ䣬һΣգۣŭӡ
汻С׿ЩͷƤ飬ղ鼱֮ôˡ
ºˣ
ʱͻȻָź䣬˵ģ˵ģ
С׶ʱ˺䡣
䣺
գں䲻Ǹ£СŰݡҶҲʼСѩ
ʱҶÿ춼ʫѩŮ
ɽҲûʲô鷢ѵõƽ
ºҶ뿪˺ɽʮһ㡣
Ȼûǣħ峤Լ
ƱѾȺڴˡ

Ʊ£˻һĹ
Ҷҽһ壬һڳһܿ죬֮С
ƱɨһܣȻᳯǰһ̽һ̽ΧĿռػһţͷһƬɫĹĻ
ǽ磿Ҷʡ
Ʊ̵˵ͷⶫħꡣ˵ţҶ
Ҷ΢΢ͷͷԼ֣Уһ֡
Ҷ̧ͷͷһƬĻһ̣һɫͻȻƿնȥܿ죬ɫƬĻ֮ϣɲǼ䡪
䣡
վһǣǹĻûɢЩơ
Ʊ̵ɲҪСƣȻ꣬Ѿʱ򣬵ǣϾܲã֮
Ҷ˵ͷǰ̤һ
ת˲һڳһ
䣡
֮УЩϵǲɫĻ
һӺ
䣡
ƬĻͻȻըѿƬ׹¡
һ̣Ҷ·
ûȥЩգҶԶƱ̣ǰ֮䣬Ƿˡ
Ʊ̿Ҷû˵
ҶЦЦȻǰɱҰɣ
ƱҡҡͷΪҪɱ㣿
ҶЦǰôţе㷢ë
Ʊ̵Ӧ֪ħһЩǾܹһЩ˵δȻδǲȷģǣʱҲǹ̶ġ
Ҷǰ˵ʲô
Ʊ̵ҿһЩδ
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ҫ˵ʱƱֵȻͨߵδġδ޷͸Ϊƺصڡǣܹͨߵ
˵⣬΢΢һ٣Ȼߵˣƺʹ࣡
ҶĬƬ̣ȻЦǰ˵δǲȷġʹʱǹ̶ģǣأϰΪʲôΪ˸ıԼˡʱ춨ʤˣǣҲʱ˶ʤ졣
˵⣬̧ͷգȻ˻ţǹثۣȫԼ
ǿ֮ģ
Ʊ΢ЦǿߣǿϢţǻġ
䣬һֱʧԭء
ԭأҶĬһȻҲ뿪ħ硣
û뿪ɽǼߣܿ죬˵ʮ㡣
Ҳɽһ㣡
磡
϶СϽ磬ѪŮҲҪȥϽܹϽ磬ǱҪȥġ
̤ʮ㣬һɼǿѹǳѹ
ǿ
ǳǳǿ
Ʊ̸ĸоҪǿ
һ̣ҶоԼȫҪըѿ
Ҷҽ͵һ壬ʩչһڳһ
ͣ
з·ʲô˺ѡ

ʱһڳ
ת˲ʵƲͻȻ˿ţһͷ޴Ʋ֮̽˳
ԴҶͷϿղɵλãҶĮӣһעһϡ

Ҷ̧ͷӣУη塣
㣡ͻȻ
ȻϵҶ֮ϵҶȻΪСߡ
ҶǰûȥϽ磿
йϵ
Ҷʼ磬ֻʣ
Ҷ࣬ҲСʲôϵǣҪһ㣬С֮ŮܹӴġǡ
ʱҶͻȻ˰֣ȻǰˡֱԣС֮顣
˫΢Уһ̣һɼǿͻȻк¡

֮Ҫֲһ̣Ҷо·ˡ
ҶһȻǰ̤һ

һõĽڽݺ˸ǹֱڽڱҶ˺Ƭ
򣡡
ʱʵͻȻ֮Уһ˿ȡ
ҶһȻ̧ͷգܹо֮ϣһεĽ硣磬֮ǰǸǿ̫̫ˡ
ûգ
ȫûа飡
Ĭ˺һᣬҶתȥʱͻȻСιϵ
Ҷͣ½ŲȻѣ
ѣ
Сӣӵɱ¾֮ģɱ⣬ЩΣҪǣ㻹幦ԼħߵĹϵ֪ضģ
ҶתǰϽӦ֪ɣ
Ȼ
Ҷ˾ô壬ôôȥɱ棿

ҶмһЦν壬ģӲġˡֱԣŮѣֲѣѧʲôʲôˣƨ£
ŭЦСӣ֪֪ܿ񣿡
Ҷ֪
СӣΪ˽ͺţ˾ʵԶ㣬˵ǣǵһЩ¾Իɱ㡣ˣǡ
ʱҶͻȻĻǻ˶ꣿ

Ҷֱˡֱԣڸʮʱ䣬ʲô˾øӹ¡
˵꣬תȥ
ԭأסˡ

뿪ɽҶҪȥ˪ŮͻȻһ̶ŭԶ쳹𣬽ţһɫƬ֮һɨ
䣡
Ƭ֮Уһһ̣ɽΪ֮һ
ӣ
Ҷԥ£ȻƬռȥ
ܿ죬ҶǺӣںӶ棬ǹͷӡ
ڹͷУһƴСĽɫСˣСġ
ҶǺͻȻˣϣһϣ
Ҷ㵵ĿǺӣ


1874 ࣡
ˣ
Ҷû뵽ӾȻҲˡ
ȻԶĹͷӿУ˽䱸֮ɫ
ʱҶѾǵҶڵҶ½磬û˭ɵġ
ҶҲǹͷӣҶǸرˣͷӵҪɱὣġ£Ȼûǡ
ʱͷͻȻȰ»ǲҪǷ飬ȻպȥϽ磬֮ء
ң
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ǻӣӵ൱һţֻе󣡡
һ
ҶǹͷӣȻֿ˿ӣ˾ҶûзϻһһõĽֱӳǹͷӼȥ
ͷӿȱޱȣǣʵαĺܣţԶԷӣ֣ȥϽ磬Է϶ҲŹġ෴ȻһЩǣȴˣֵýύ
Ҷ֣ɫʱһ䣬æСġ
أ
δ£ֻҶѾɵǧɿ⡣
ǧ⣬Ҷ˿Լǰǰһƴӡ֮⣬ӡܵƤѾѿ
Ҷд󾪣Ҫ֪ڵǼΪֲġȻǱˡ
Ҷ̧ͷԶǹͷӣ׼ȷ˵ǿͷеǸɫСˣʲô⣿

ʱһԵĺͻȻҷĽ࣡
Ҷʲô⣿
ӳһ⣬ûˣ˵Ľ࣬ٴΣҶ塣Ǵ˿̣Ҷ޿κΣ
Ҷǽ࣬ȻһʥУһֱ̣ʧԭء
ԶǹͷǷһĨת˲еĽɫСͻȻƮܿ죬ǽɫС֮УͻȻӿһ⣬ţһɫӡе
䣡
ҶδعǸоԼؿڴһʹȻߵķһ㳯ź׷˳ȥ
ǹͷҪ֣ʱһɫͻȻ
Ҵ⣬ͷӷ׷Ҷֽһӡţ֮еĽɫСͻȻӿһ⣬ǵǸɫغһ
䣡
һվһһ˲䣬ʶ⸲ǡ
ʱһصͻȻ˳С

޵н
ţһڳһ
Ҷʩչһ̣ǹͷɫʱ䣬ΣգоΣգ
ܿ죬˫סеĽɫСˣɲǼ䣬ǽɫСͻȻ۾ת˲ͻȻڣȣ
䣬һɫСֶ
䣡
ԲǧڵĿռͻȻһת˲һɿֲڳϯһ˲䣬ҶǵֱӱɢҶҲسˡ
ʮϢ󣬳лָƽ
Ҷ˿Լ֣˿̣Ѿʧȥ֪ˡǸղűǹģ
СӣǽǷһλܵģ䱾𣬱˵㣬Ǳڶ˱ᡣ
ʱҶͻȻ֪ܲλܵʵô˵ɣԷܲʦ١˰ɣ
ߣ
ȵ٣
ҶɫһѹһʼʱĴܣ⣬е찡
Ҷӣ磬𣿡
ҡҡͷ
Ҷ̧ͷǹͷӣĿǽɫСϣûɫСˣǺӣַŪͷӡ
Ȼ˼У
ӦòɣҶͻȻ
Ȼ
ǰܰŪ
Ū
ҶĬһ˲һ̣ͻȻһʧԭء
Ҷٴγ֣ǹͷǷһĨ
£еĽɫСͻȻƮɲǼ䣬һмÿһ⣬Իء
ʱһصͻȻܡ

ҶʩչЩٶͻȻʱͻȻڽ֮ݺύЩֱӽЩ˺ѷ顣
һĻǹͷɫ䣬еĽɫСĴ߶£ٴξҲʱҶͻȻǰ
ͬʱһֱǹͷӵüġ
쵽˼£
ȻһȴǱһֻɫƸסˡ
ֻɫǽɫС˵ģ
ֻƵסҶĽ޷硣
ͷǼ֮ɫҶҷʥĽ࣬䡭
ʱҶͻȻɿеĽţǹͷӾ㵵Ŀ֮УҶ˫ֱץסǽɫСˡҶֻûǽɫСˣǽɫСڱǱһ⣬ҪҶָ
ҶһĨҽ͵һ壬򣡡
£ЩʱĽİȥҶ˫͵ץסǽɫСˣǣ˫һ̣˲ѿ׼ȷ˵ǾҪѣ
ʱҶڵСͻȻתת˲ǽɫС֮Ҷ͵˺ڡ
Ҷȴǲ㵹ȥ
ʲô
ʱҶǰǹͷͻȻΪʱ˿̣ȻǽɫСʧȥϵ
Ҷû˵żһ㣬˳һƮʱǹͷͻȻһ⳯
һĻҶüͷʱ˿̣ûзΪղǿȥŪǽɫСʱˣߡ
ʱǺͻȻǰţǺһɨ
أ
ǹͷֱӱһɨ֮⣡
ǹͷӸһͣ£бھѪһ̣ڻˡ
ûǽɫСˣҶӣǶ֣
ӣ
ڹͷоֻͷ뵽תһ⳯ʶȥ
ԶǺһĨӣ
䣬ҽ͵һ壬һ
Ϣ

һĲҽͻȻңԶ
ܿ죬ӻصҶǰָһһöɽɵҶǰǷһ飬£ֻһ¼ɡ
£תֱӻһʧʡȻм¡
ԭأҶһȻɽ䣬תȥ
һӺҶһȫĵطȻ˺С
ڵȰã
ڣʱ޸ҶϵѾȬ
޸ҶǽɫС˵ǰ˿̣䶼ڡ
˿̣ɫС˺ƽɢŵ⡣
ʱͻȻӵзҽ
Ҷ΢΢һҪ˵ͻȻǽɫС˾һ𣬾Ҫⷽ硣
һĻҡҡͷǽɫСʱг


1875 
ò˵ɫС˻Ƿǳģ
ǣҲûк
ദôãǶԺƢҲЩ˽ġľǱ
ɫСڹȻƣʣ϶ǻġ
Ȼ
ʱ֮ͻȻţһɹɿֲѹ
ѹƤһ׷׳ˡ
Ȼ鲻ǺܺãԶһЩΪ
ԶѹֱǽɫСϡ
أ
ɫС˱ѹس²ϼ׹ȻǽɫСȴڷⲻϯԿźѹǣûʲôá
ͷųЩ⣬ȫѹ飡
ǣǽɫСڷ
һĻҶɫЩɫСĲһ㰡ȻкǣܹںǰôŵģĿǰΪֹҲһˣ
ϧôһ㣬ǲк
ڣɫС˱Ǻ˵ϣĽҲѾȫʧ
Ъˣ
лָƽ
ʱͻȻ
Ҷԥ£ȻԿ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˷㲻ͨ޷ǿԼԼһ¥
Ժкܶ鷳ʱͻȻ
鷳
Ҷ棬Ǹʲôҵţǿ𣿡
濴һҶȻ棬ʦƽƽˣ˵أ
Ҷ
ʱͻȻ¸ѣҶڵڶһҵģʲôϵծ಻³ô࣬Ȱʵ˵
Ҷ룬ȻҲã
ڵʲôĹŪһҵģҲûʲô˵ġ
濴һҶȻڴȥ硣
ΪʲôҶ⡣
浭뿴Ҫô
Ҷ
û˷ʱ䣬ҶʼǽɫСˡԼе㲻ģϾʵеġǣкڣ
ɽɫСˣҶǾҲʼɢŵĽ⡣
Ҷԣ濴䣬㾿ʲô
䵭ں
һɲǺǵġ
ĬƬ̣ȻĿǰǵЩˣĸǺǵģ
Ĭ˵ҶȻûȥ磬ǣȴѾ˴ܣЩˣûһǼ򵥵ġ
ʱֵ㻹ûСڵĴѾǳˣ⣬⵽ȥأԣƹˤ⵽ףҲһ
ɳĬ
俴Ҷһ˿ӣԭŪ塣ڿҲ
ҲңͻȻ
ЦЦȻɫʵҵ뿴ˡ
˵ˣ
˵ͷҪǳǾЩˡȻҪСӵʦ̬ȣؼġ
˵ͷ
߳ҶӣȻ汣ҶĿǰЩ⣬⡣Ϊʱ˾Ƿңڶ֣
ǣûʽ̬֮ǰҶֻһɢޣ
ʱһһȥҶĽԽԽ࣬ģͻȻһõĽɫɫǽɫСˣֻ˿ѾŴ
࣡
һԣҽСӵ׼ǿ߶˵ˣ
˵ͷĽ
俴һ棬ɣ𣿡
ҡҡͷҿɲǰͺ¿
俴ҶҲСӸҰɣϾû飡
ԶҶͻȻ۾۵һ˲ͻȻе˿̣飬Ȼǽɫġܿ죬ֻɫָ
ͬʱҶǽɫ࣬Ҳʧ
ϲˣ
ҶЦЦ˫ֻȭϣ˸һ̣оԼܹأ

ȫ£
Ҷ棬ٺЦ֣
濴һҶȻȥϽʹ죡
Ҷ
ȥϽǰԼľʱͻȻ
Ҷ䣬Ҳ֪Լڵ״ȥϽ磬϶ǲ̫ƽġԣ״Ŭǿ
Ҷ˵ͷ磬ûǿֻиǿ
ʱҶһһöɽС
öɽ䣬ǺӸġ
Ҷɨһۣ棬鼮ʲô֮ģһЩǹ似ܿ죬ҶһöĴָСİɫӡ
Ҷ˳ʱͻȻȵ
Ҷ䣬һöʶ֮Уʱʱ̿㱣ѡҪǣ飬飬Աаϡ
˵⣬˶٣ֵ˵ģаϣ㽫ߣзǳİ
Ҷ˿еӣȷʵӣоԼķǳƽָоݡ
ںС׻ѩŮˣһҶ뿪˺
ҶɽյɽǰͻȻƾճһˡ
˾ôֵģס
˿Լʮ꣬һϮ£ְֳȣ˫شԼʮ֡
һȾ
϶ˣ
ǣҶ
ӴһҶȻ޳û֣Ӧ˵ģߡҾ֮һ
ߣ
ɽߣĴۡĴۣҶǣȴǴδ
ڣһλˣ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻ£
޳΢΢ͷЩϼһٰһۻᣬμӡ
ۻ᣿
Ҷüͷ΢壬ʲôۻ᣿
޳һ¹شδľۻᡣʵԽߣᱻ롣
Խߣ
Ҷ𣿡
޳Ц٣
Ҷ룬ȻãҲμӣ
޳˵ͷ
£ֱӻһ׹
Ҷҽһ壬˻һȥ
Լʱããǿ֮Уǿ֮УҶһƬֵ֣м䣬һݡ
ȫðɫӴռǺֻܴɼʮҡ
ʲôطҶʡ
޳֣
֣
Ҷһ
ĸ׵֣


1876 Ͻ֮أ

֣ʱ꣬Ҷһĸ׵һ޷飡
°ɣʱһԵ޳ͻȻ
ҶһԼƽȥһᣬҡҡͷ£
޳һҶȻ߰ɣ
£һʧԭء
ҶһƬ֣Ӧֻɺϰɣ
ܿ죬Ҷ޳ǰǰһˮ̶ˮ̶֮ϣһͤӡ֮ͤУʮˣУŮ
УҶϢˡ
ˣɽĺȹŮӣ죬ԼӮӮ
Ϲ
Ҷ޳˵Ŀⶼ˿׼ȷ˵ǣ˵ĿⶼҶϡ
΢΢һЦǴк
Ӯһ۱ջĿ⣬Ȼ˫ۻ
ȹŮ΢΢ͷȻջĿ⡣
޳ҶͤУɨһۣȻλҲö˰ɣ
Ȼ
ʱһŻ۵ЦλСɽν찡
Ҷߣ΢΢һЦ֮һ£
Ҷ΢΢ͷҶ
ЦЦȻСɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˸λ£ʱԵһź۵ͻȻﲻǸģ
ҶתͷһǺӣȻǹ£𣿡
΢΢ҡͷ
״ҶתͷһǺӣܸƨ£
һ˲
ʱһڹͻȻҶü䡣
ӳˣ
Ҷ˫΢Уڹ˿ǷǳģǣУȴǷǳǳȻȴ޷㣬ҲҪˣ
ûж㣬Ҷǰ̤һһصڳг֣ת˲һһ
ͣ
֮Уʲô˺ѡ
ת˲ʧлָƽ
ǺҪ֣ʱǹͻȻǧаټɲΪ˿˴ܵġ
ǧаĺ˵ֻѵѵһûò˵ĶԣҪЩ
΢΢ͷл£
һԣҶһǧаû˵
ʱͻȻվɨһڳˣȻڳλ۷ˣҲȥǧġЩӦѾ˰ɡ
ʲôҶͻȻʡ
¿һۣȻЦСѿ֪ЩϼһΪβȥ
Ҷҡҡͷ
µǲȥϾߴǣǲȥ
ң
µĻüͷгɻ
̧ͷûǿ֮еɽʱڣý磬ȷʵΪ˱½Щࡣǣʱƣܶණǻġ
˿£ЦЦϷͲĨˡϽ磬˽磬ʱһвߣ
ߣ
Ҷüͷʲô⣿
ЦϽЩģЩˣרŲ׽ȥϽǿߡǸνķӡɶʵÿһʱŪġ
ĿģʱһԵһͻȻ
µǵĿĺܼ򵥣ץסǣȻȥǵһЩ䣬Ȼǣ
˵⣬ɨһܣȻλ֪Ӻοʼǧ棬ѾΪϽЩ˵ȦЩˣ˾ɱ
ʱҶͻȻ֮У˴ҵ涼ȥϽ硣֮⣬֪Ͻ磬ԷȻӵԼԭļ䣡
Ц˴Ҵ˶ãеİɣ֮ǰҲ˵һʼʱЩˣȷʵΪ˱½硣ڣѾǣ˵Ѿζ˵ô֪ǱƵģ
ҶĬ˵ģδҲ̫Щ
ϽЩˣô˵ʱͻȻʡ
µЩˣ඼ЩʲôˣģеľһЩ޹ؽҪĽɫһЩģЩˣе˻֪Щ飬еģ֪Ͼ¿ɲʲôʵ顣ЩıܹĻǷǳλģ
ǰ֪ģʱҶͻȻʡ
΢΢һЦû˵һԵ޳ͻȻƿ磬ȥֻˣ
ʱͻȻԼֱۣʱ˲ŷֱ֣ۣûơ
ЦЦӵĿ죬ܾͲǵһֻƣǵˡ˵⣬ɨһˣλ֪λԼʵģǣλ֪ץҵʲôˣ
˵⣬ͻȻҶ֪Ǳʲôնϵ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
µǽնϵġ
ԣɫһ䡣
ҶеĽڳ˭˲֪ȴ˵Ǳʥնϵģζʲôζŵ飬˾ˣ
˾ˣ
µλҪСǡҪ֪λеţʹҵȥϽ磬ȻܶһҲڶǿߣʱ䣬˾кξ壿ҲΪˣǲŸӲŹҵȡ
һԣҶ˫ۻ
ǰ˵Ŀ棿Ҷʡ
Ҳ̫Ļҵ֮У֮Уر˾ƿصдξĪ˼ǿߣʱ廹Ϊġڿͷ˵ûĻЩǿ߼пǴ½ȥƵˣ
ԣҶɫһ
˾Ǻų֮𣿡ʱһͻȻ飿
Ц壿Ī֣磬ʲô壬еģֻǿʳʹżУҲǿ߶ߵ

ͻȻ
ڳˣǶǿߣĶǿߡǶԼʵǳǳţǣǶһ㣬Ǿǣ½൱޵еĴڣϽ磬ǿɲǡ
棬˶ɱǣ˾
ʱµλ½磬ظֵƣѾߵǵļޣҪͻԼǾͱȥȻЩˣվʱǰǣȥ֮ҪţҪɣͱ뷴ϽЩ
˵ʲôһԣһͻȻʡ
˫ۻϢ۾ܼ򵥣һȥǺһ

ٴγĬ
ʱͻȻֵº󣬷ӡɶλԸЯϽ˶һ


1877 ҪŪӣ
һ
гĬ˿̣˵ɫЩ
λˣ
ʱһԵͻȻվ˱˱ȭȻʧ˳С
Ҷԥ£Ȼȥ
ǿ֮С
ͣתҶЦҲһ£ǹǼ٣𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
̧ͷûǿɽһ˵һ仰ҾúеߣûϣûȨûɡϽ˵ˣߡ
⣬Ҷˡ
Ȼ磬ǱȦġ
ЦпɣͬΪˣǣܶʱ򣬴ҶѶԷ
ҶĬ
ֵʵʵ˵ģģҪпࡣ
˵꣬һʧʡ
ǿʳ
ʱһͻȻҶ
ҶתͷȥһźȹŮƮƮŮӣɽλȹŮӡ
ȹŮӿһǿȻʵںܾúܾǰа߲аߣħҲħߣҶǽߡǣ˸Ƕ塣νаħЩΪ˲켺Ľڰˣ
Ҷһ̧ͷɽķ򣬡븴㣬һ϶ºҾͻϵӴˣһ£Ҷްϵ
ƽ
ȹŮ΢΢ҡͷʱ֣ᷢһ
Ҷû˵£ת˲Ѿʧ˳С
֡
Ҷص˷֣ûȥͤӣݣʱʱӲ
ݵǽϣһ񣬻ϣһŮӡŮӣպʶ
ĸף
ôܡҶš
ʶϵŮӣ
ʱͻȻҶԣʡ
Ҷתͷ£ݵ˭
΢΢ҡͷϹӵģ
ϹӣҶüͷ΢塣
µ˵ͷܾǰһͻȻɽϹģϹû˫֡ݺأҲǿҲǵڶǵˣ
Ϲû˫֣
Ҷ˫ۻΪʲô⻭񣡡
¿Ҷʶ֮ϵˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ԣĿһҶȻԭ㡭
Ҷۿ£⣿
¿ǻ񣬵ȹң˵ҪȥһطտһطҪñƻ֮⣬˵һһʶϵ˵Ļһ仰
ʲôҶʡ
Բ𣡡µ
ԣҶ˫ֻ֪ʲô
ʲôˣµ
Ҷҡҡͷû˵ת뿪ݡ

ããɽ֮Уһɽ֮ϡ
Ҷǰ˪Ů˪Ů⣬ʫŮҲҽ˹
Ҫȥ磬ȻҪŮһȥ
ҶɨһڤŮŮȻ澳ˣ
ڤŮ˵ͷ
Ҷ̧ͷɽλãºȥ磡
磡
ʱ䣬ָ
峿ԭƽɽͻȻ
ӡʼɶ
һ̧̣ͷɽķ
ɽʮ㡣
ԭɽĽأû˸ģǴ˿̣ʮһͻȻƬ硣
Ϊ׵ǹ£ҶҲС
ʱһͷ޴ͷͻȻƲ֮˳
ˣĮӣһ˿ɵ
ǰЩˣûһ򵥵ġ
ĿҶͣ£Ȼǹ£ǾҪȥ
ЦЦ֣ӦףȥΨһϣ
ҲпǾ
ܱȵĺãµ
ҡҡͷȻѾҾͲڶ˵ʲôˡһ·˳磡
˵꣬Ҫȥʱ뵽ʲôͻȻҶСӣȰ㻹Ǳȥĺá
ΪΣҶʡ
֮ǰѾڵ㣬û´ǲԼŮйϸģ
ˣ
ҶЦЦǰôˣСѣˣ
ֱҶȻ㲻Ǿɣ
£ʧƲ֮С
߰ɣͻȻ
£ʮһ˳𡣺ܿ죬ãã֮УͷһƬõĹĻ
磡
Ľ磡
¿һۣȻλ˭
ȻҶʱһͻȻȺ
Ҷȥ˵֮һǧаҶ˶Էһۣû˵˴ӵһμЩȻ²ô򵥡
ʱǧаֵĸλ۷ˣǣˡֱԣҶεºܹվһ𣿾Ϊ˾Ľ𣿡
¿ҶЦСѣô
ǿΪʵܹƽȶԴܹأŲ
ҶȻһۣĿǧаϣģ¿ɸң
ģ
ǧамûȤ
Ҷɫһ䣬Ȼû´ǺҹۣǸµ˰ɣ
ǧа˵Ǿǣ
ʱ˵ע£Ҷó˽ȻλҸıˡ죬Ҳȥˡ
ˣ
ʱҶеĽͻȻָǧа죬ҪŪӣ
䣬һصͻȻ˳С

֣ɫ΢䣬һ̣˷׷׳һ뿪˽ַΧǸҶûʲôԹȻȥǿҶĽ

ڼһ˲ǧаɫ΢΢һ䣬ת˲һɫ䵶Уһ̣˫䵶ǰ͵ؾһ
һ·춼Ҫһ㣡
䣡
һըͻȻƲ֮쳹ըನֱӽڵĿռؾҲ·ʱҪһ㣬ޱȡ
ҶǧаǸԳű˴˵ĺˣǺܿ죬ֳű˴˱ȥ
ˣ

Ҷǧа֣ɫЩŹ֡ԭǶҶҲЩӵģΪҶϾֻһҲ澳Σ֮䣬Ƿǳġ
ȻҶսףǣǿҶȫΪ˾Ľս׵ġڣҶǧаʱõĲ˾Ľ
֤ҶʵѾ޼ˣ
أ
ԶҶǧаͻȻ˿ҪٴγʱͻȻ˵ǰ
¿һҶȻСѣѾ֤Լʵˡ֮ĶԹ˴ȥΣģڼ䣬ţǧаǾԲ鷳ġ
˵ţһԵǰа𣿡
ǧа俴һҶû˵
ҶǧаһۣȻӾϲɱңȴ޿κεӣ
ǧаɫ˲
ʱǹ¿ҶСѣеĽܹ磬磬һ
Ҷ̧ͷõĹĻĬƬ̣Ҫ֣ʱǵõĹĻͻȻţһӰ˳
Ͻˣ
˵ע£һɫ׵ӳ˵ǰ
ӴʱȻɫ԰ޱȡҶʱʱסôˣ
ʱһͻȻ˾Ҷ𣿡
ӿ˵ӣȻ֪
һ̣һصͻȻ˳С

һ̣ҶͻȻǿӵ󣬶˿̣ǿѾӲ˫Բš
գҶҲµģ
䡣
ͣ
Դֱӷ˳ȥ


1878 Ͻ磬Ҷˣ
ӵʵǲģѾ
ǣԷضǴԽ˿ռ˵һ̣ǶԷʱ
϶Ҷû̫ķԣ˲䱻Ҷһɱ
У˿һҶû˵
ò˵ʱ˿̣жһ뷨ǾǱӡ˵ҶʵڲȫǸͷ࣡
ʣҶûйǿӣ̧ͷƬõĹĻ
ˣ
һͻȻڳ𣬽ţһ⻮ʡ
˵ע£ƬõĹĻͻȻѿһӡ
ߣ
ʱµͻȻת˲ʮһӰֱǵѷ֮С
Ϣǵѷ콥ָ
ܿ죬һͻȻ˳С
˳ֺͻȻֳˡ
źˣǼɵ֮ɫǺˣ
˵ϹޣȴǸԸ壬ǿɳܰ
ɫ˲ʱǺͻȻһӡ
ž
ֱֻӵ˳ȥԴϣ֪ʱһ޴ĺɫӡ
һ̣д󺧣
½羹Ȼ˴ڣ
˿һ˵ķϣһ
䣬̧ͷƬĻһֶ̣õĹĻһ
ͣ
ǹĻֱӱ˺ת˲һڹûС
ԼһӺһ˳Сת˲һɫ
䣡
ƬĻֱӱͱһ޴ӣţһûС
ܿ죬ʻָ
ǣһָһŮȴͻȻԶռ̤֮ն
ŮһϮ°ɫȹ㷢߸ܽأȴһ˿԰ס
Ů̧ͷƬգ㻹ȥˡ
һϢƬĻͻȻ˺ѿһӰ˽ȥ
Уƽ
ʱͻȻԴһʣȻЩʲôˡ

ռ
ʱ˿̣Ҷھռ
ãã֮УһͷҶΧʱǿ˺ѶЩǿ󣬼ʹҶԼȥӲ
ΪʹҲ˼£
ɫޱȵأ˿ӡ
Сһ㣡
ʱµ˵ؿռΣյĶΣյǿռѷ죬Щѷδ֪ĵһȥ˲䱻˺ѷ顣
ռѷ죡
ҶɨһܣЩЩطȷʵһѷ졣
ռѷ죡
˵û
ʱͻȻҶ𣬡СӣЩռѷɲģ˵ǵı嶼ܲס
Ҷ˵ͷܹоȷʵԻ
ʱһԵĹͻȻλҲҪ̫ԶǴŽᣬȻһһ꣡
˵ţ⿴һǧаҶ
Ҷʼ磬֣ҾͲ֣
ǧа俴һҶû˵
ǰУڼ䣬Ȼ˼ɴʱǣֵ£˽оա˿̣Ҳʱǿ󣬲˿֮ġ
Сһ㣡ʱµͻȻ֮Уء
̧ͷȥֻǧ֮⣬һɫУУ׵
ռУ
ʱµУǾͻᵽϽĵؽ磬λɲ档ЩЩףǱУǻģ

ɫܿ죬ڹµĴ£ٶȼӿ죬ԽǺɫУɫԽأʹҶɫҲޱȵء
Σգ
һоΣյϢ
Ҵ⣬Ҷӿܿ죬˽Ƭɫ֮С
䡭
˶ߣ
һ̣˸ͨҶ˫ۻ£һõĽͬʱʮõĽ˸и赲Щ׵硣
һʼãĽֵܹЩ׵磬ǵ֣Щ׵ԽԽǿЩѾʼԲˡһ£Ҷòʩչˡ
£ЩĽʱƽͬʱҲˡ
Ҷɨһܣ֣֮⣬ҲֵܹסЩסرǺȹŮӣ˸ЩڽӴЩʱ˲仯ޣ
Щ׶ûаӰ죡
ǿ
ʱȹŮӵʵѾǰ㡣
ʱǺȹŮͻȻ˹һҶջĿ⡣
ҶҲջĿ⣬ٶȼӿ졣
ãã֮У֪˶ãͻȻ˿⡣
쵽ˣ
µڳٶٴμӿ졣
һӺ˶ߵԽԽСֱʧ
ڣͣ
ۡ
죬ƣľ󡣶һƽС
Ͻͨ½һͨ
Ͻ𣿡ʱҶͻȻʡ
µ˵ͷϽ硣˵ţ˶٣ֵλΣգڲſʼףҺˡ
˲⣬ʱǿϢͻȻʣ⼸ǿϢֺ󣬳ɫһ䡣

ǿߣ
ܿ죬˳ƬʡΪ׵һŻֳۣӡӡ
ɨһ·ҶˣȻҶ
Ҷ
Ҷü۵ʹ֪ʲô
Χ˵Ŀ⣬ȴϡ
ǻĿҶϣ˾Ľһȫʬ
ĬƬ̣ҶͻȻóʥΪҶҪʱҶȴ̧ͷǻӣʵԭδ˽ռУҶĶҲȥǿ󡣵ǡ
˵⣬ɫǣڸ㣬Ҫԣ˾ǰӾͰѽô

Ӵŭֳӡ·Ҷ͵ؾһ
ˣ
һ𵴶ת˲һɫͻȻӡֶ֮ȻЯ߿ֲѹҶѹȥ
ҶԵ˷׷׳˿
Ҷ̧ͷɫкη塣ɫͷɾʱҶǰͻȻõĽ
ת˲һص˳С

ԱԼһǿߣҶȻ⡣
ת˲ͻȻǿĽ·춼Ҫ˺ѿ˵Ŀ֮Уֱӽɫ˺ѳĩ
ʣǻӴŭ
ʱ·ҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǻӵǰһ̡
ҶΪģҶͻȻһʣʥĽʣڣʥ
ڣҶס͵ؾһն
նν
һΣҶ˵˽ʮնν

ǿĽֱӽеĹµ˱Ƶˡ
һǻɫ䣬ӡ͵سҶ˹ȥ
Ȼ
ҶĽ£ӡ˲仯룬ǻӣҲ˲佩Ӳ
ת˲
ͣ
˵Ŀ֮УǻͻȻм˿
ѪһأѪ
Уա
ҶһȻ̧ͷϽ磬Ҷˡɣ
ˣ


1879 ме
Ҷˣ
ɣ
ߵ
ò˵˿̵ҶǷǳߵġǣҶĿġΪϽעܵ͵ˡ
Ȼܵ͵Ǿ͸ߵ
УҶһɱǻ֮ʣµļˣǼɫʱ䡣
ʱҶͻȻȥ˾Ѳϴɾ㣡Ӹȡͷ
ҶĻɫЩŹˡ
˾
ǿ֮һʹԻĴǧ棬ҲŵϺŵġҶȴöԷϴɾӡ

ǳ
ҶǼˣɫǷǳѿģ˶ǿߡò˵ֵģǣʱǣҡΪҶղŻɱǻӣʵҪߡ
ҶɱԷʱֻһ
һɱ
ʱҶͻȻŭ
˿һҶΪ׵һͻȻҶڱ壬㡭
ʱҶͻȻЦ˾ɱǱ壿
˻˵ʲôʱҶͻȻߴһ䣬˽ͱˣ
ҶȻҿܹ񵽺ʱ
˵ţתҪߣʱҶͻȻһת˲һص˳С

֣˽ɫ䣬ʱһڳһ
һɲǣ
˵ע£ǰ˵彩Ӳü䣬ͻȻѿһӣת˲ѪȪһӿһ˲䣬һѪ
һĻ˲
һԲϾɱˣ
µ˿ҶʱнǶһ˿ɵ
˾ǼˣŵǼˣ˶ûи˵ʲôˡ·׷תȥ׼ȷ˵ߡ
ߣҶɫ䣬ȴһɡղĺܣʵ˾ЩһϵĻҲǳԲġ
ϾЩɶǿߣ
ңûǣԼΧĶЩʲôˡµȻǴ½ǣǵʵǿǱǿҪǿܶܶġ
һģʱѱЩ˲֣رǧа
ʱһԵĹͻȻλ˵ȻǴǧ棬ǣǿɻûİȫ
˿¡
µ˵ڡڴǧ棬ڷǳƫƧڡֻ뿪ڣǧ磬ʱİȫǣû´ʱЩˣڽڵĳڴǣ
ʱǧаͻȻ׹ֵ˼ֵ˼ϣ֣ɶԣ
µ˵ͷңλǶ֣
ǧаЦЦȻȻǿԵģи飬ǾǣҶһ𣡡
˿ǧа
Ҷһǧаû˵
ʱǧаֵλҶӦҶǺˣǿ˾ңλӦҲ֪˲ħĴĹһ𣬱ض鷳˵ҵȻΪʸ֮ء
ǧаĻ˳Ĭ
ȻҶ֪ǧаҶǣ˸֪ǧаûд
Ҷʵȷʵǣ̫鷳ˡţ˵鷳ͿܳΪҵ鷳ر˾˾ضǲŹҶġʱҶһѱ˾Ǩŭǣ
ˣѾ˾
ʱҶͻȻ˳Цλ˼ףλˣ
˵꣬תҪ뿪
ʱͻȻָһһžҶǰڵĵͼȻǺӦа
ҶҲܾ˵ͼȻлˣ
䣬תһʧԶ
ǧаҶıӰǹЦ
ʱɽȹŮͻȻԶȥ
˿ȹŮӡ
£ʱͻȻ
ȹŮͣ½Ųתɨһ۹µˣħа
˵꣬ͻȻ˿̣Ѿ֮⡣
ʱһͻȻڳ𣺡аߣ
ˡ
ջ˼߰ɣ
£һʧԭء
뿪һӺ󣬵ͻȻ˲ţһӰƮ˳
ܸ߰ٺ١
Ц£ǵӰϢʧ˳С

ĳҶó˵ͼɨһ۵ͼҵںҶͼȻһʧԶ
ڣ
µһҪ뿪طȻױ׽
·̡
ڵٶȣֻҪܹڴȻָ¡
ʱҶͻȻͣɨһܣȻָǰһ㡣

أ
ǧ⣬ĳռͻȻһ£ת˲һ˳
Щ˼ߴһҶȻЦ
ҶһߣȻ£
ЦϷ츳Ϊͽ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ˵ˣϷڵĳϣǧģ
ڣҶüͷ΢壬û
Ҳֵ壬ʮ츣أڵڵأɽ֮һ꣬ʮ츣أǿ롣
ʮ츣أ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˾壬ʲôڣ
˾
΢΢һ漴˾ʥʣƹ˽磬ʮ츣أҲ˽硣
ʮ츣˾𣿡Ҷʡ
룬Ȼÿʲôһ£ʮ츣ز˾ǣ忪ս˾Ȩټս
ӻΣҶͻȻ
ߵܲӣǲӣΣӡˣǧ飬һɽʲô֪ˡ
ҶһߣȻ˵Щ½Ūȥ󣬻ǼŪȻǣ𣿡
һĨ죬֪Ĳ٣
Ҷ𣿡
ߵڣһЩаħ֮⣬ĸôˣ
ΪΣҶ
ˣ
ߵƵЩˣΪͻ֮ǵļָһָһ˰ԣҸı˷ʽ£
£
Ҷ΢΢ͷ룬Ȼǰĺ⣬ˡǣΪǰǰ룬ҾãһǲҪĺã
ΪΣ߲⡣
Ҷǵʱޣ
ߣ
Ҷû˵תߡ
ʱͻȻҶǰֱҶܾ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ߵԭ㲻ΪͽڿܲʶȤȻˣҲǰķ
ץסңĨҼ䣿Ҷ
ߵԼѡ·
ʱҶͻȻһ⣬ת˲һص˳С
ɫ䣬Ҫ뿪
Ȼʱһü䡣
Ҷֱߣشһ⣬⣬ɱ㣡
Ҷš
ʱҶսǰ˵֣Ȼңеļеĵ
ߣ


1880 Ҳˣ
ме
û뵽Ҷ⣬һ̣Ҷ˼ˡӿʱ
ͣ
һֱӴߵԴ
ת˲һѪܵԴֱӷ˳ȥ
Ҷһߵʬ壬һУָϵɽʱɵСɨһۣɽ֮Уܶ࣬඼Щ֮
ҶҪջʶͻȻһĨ죬ת˲һŵͼС
ڵĵͼеŵͼҪĶ࣡
Ҷͼչܿ죬ڵġȫòСſţҶüͷΪ֣ǹ¸ŵͼʾĳڣʲôڣ
ǳڣڣ
һӣ
Ҷ˵ͼԶǱߵνڣЩڵĿӡ
ԣ
뵽ʲôҶɫ
ͼ
¸ĵͼζţԷȥڡ
£
֮ǰҶڲŷ֣е㲻򵥰Ӧ˵أ
Ͻ磬ȴֻȥˣҶĺܶ鶼֪еͼô붼һᣬҶҡҡͷȥЩûµһǧа˵Ǹûаϵ
Ӧ˵ҪлһǧаǶԷڿѾһˣ
ջ˼Ҷǰ
ԽããɽҶ˽ڵڴǣϣ鲢ûôļ򵥡
ڳڴվһȹŮӡ
ȹŮӣɽλȹŮӡŮһϮ£վﵭĿ
£Ҷʡ
ȹŮָָұߣȻȥ֮֮ء
ȻأҶʡ
ȹŮӵаˣа˿ɱ㣡
аˣҶɻʲô
ȹŮӵһаˣʹ˾Ҳ˿塣
ҶߵȹŮǰЦЦȻ㿴ң˾𣿡
ȹŮֱҶû˵
Ҷޣη޾壬ʹ򲻹ǣҴδ¹˾Դˣ͡ǣη壬Ѱ˱ӻǾˡҲˣ
˵꣬ҶԽȹŮӣһᣬʧԶ
ԭأȹŮӳĬ
ʱһӰ˺ȹŮԲԶӰҶλã˲ʶ̧٣ȥ
˵ţӰҪҶ׷ȥʱȹŮͻȻȥɣ
Ӱͣ½Ųʲô˼
ȹŮ۶ߵ㷢Ȼ֮ǰɱλǿߡ
Ӱˣ
ȹŮӿһԶҶʧĵطȻȥа档

ӭǧ棡
ƶУҶͻȻ˺
Ҷһǧ棬ʱ˿̣Ѿ뿪ڣĴǧ档
Сߣ϶㣡
ǰںδҶʡھȥСߡ
ȥˣ
ΪΣҶ⡣
Դǧ滹ô˽⣬˵˵ǧĴҾͲ˵ˣպܹᡣǧ֮У壬壬壬ħ壬壬塭ڵĵطΪ磬壬ڵأ˽硣
Сģ𣿡Ҷ
ǣ壬Ҳ硣Ҫȥ磬ͱ봩˽ͨĽ磬⣬Ҫõ˾ͬ⣬Ҫõ˾ͬ⣬ҪõǱߵͬ⡣ȻᱻŪġΪһ罻㴦ģǸ֮еĶǿߣ
磡
ҶĬҪȥ磬˾ͬ⣬˾ͬȻġ취Ȼвͨģ
ҪȥɣʱͻȻ
壡
Ҷʲô˼
һ壬а취ȥ塣
Ҷȥ׽粻Ҫ˾ͬ𣿡
͵ɣǿ͵ɰ֪ô͵ɵҲ֪ô͵ɵ壬ǣҲ֪ô͵ɵȥ
ȥ壡
ҶûпǣΪ֮ҪȥСߣ֪϶ڵ֮⣬ҪѪŮ
ôȥ壡Ҷ
ȥĽ㴦ҲǶɽ
ôߣҶʡ
֪
Ҷߣ᲻֪
Сӣָռ䴩ģڻû
ҶҡҡͷɨһܣȻһʧԭء
ڣҪߵ״Ϊ˽һ֪
ûãҶһųǡ
ǲرӦ˵Се½Ĵׯ
ɢȥҶǴׯǰҶ̧ͷȥĳϷɫ֣԰塣
Ǵ岻ǳǣ
ʱһɫСͻȻǲߵĳǽϷ˳С˹ҶĽ¡
ʱͻȻһǣһСԴ˳
һСŮԼ˾꣬һϮȹССıӡЩĿһҶֻСֽԼ½ǣ˺һᣬǹȻ磬磬Ի𣿡
Ҷ˿СŮȻֿ˿µСҡͷһЦȻżһ㣬СʱСŮǰСŮǰĲֹС򣬻Ҷ
ȻСף
ҶСŮСԴЦҿԽȥ𣿡
СŮȻЩţʱСͻȻǰСʱСŮգգۣг˺εϲ
СָָСŮµǸɫС򣬽ţСצ
СŮ
ʱҶͻȻ㣬ʲô
СŮԥ£ȻС򣬿ߵС򡣡
ţżһʱţССŮϲţʱСŮ˺ܶ໨ڵĶһĻС۾Բ
˷ܣ
𣿡СŮСף
ССԴæ㡣
СŮһЦСݵС׵ǰȻ˿̣Сײŷ֣Ľ̫ˣ
ʱСŮָָԼԴҲأ
˵ţԼԴϣȻᶥ
С׸˵ĲˣæԼԴϣȻһһ
ܿ죬Сһһ
ҶҲСŮ˴У֮Ҷ֣֮еˣȫͨˣûһߣ
СŮҶС״Լļңֻһүү
үүһнľߣҲͨˡ
²ͨˣ
߼Ҷʱ˵ĵһ仰
Ҷ΢΢һЦֻ·ܿͻ뿪
ԥ£ȻǴ˵е𣿡
ˣҶ⡣
ߵֻɣ֣ᷭ
ҶԼıӣȻǰɣ
ͻȻһ̾ԶСŮɶĸĸǰ뿪ˡ˵Ҫȥһȥ꣬ûκšÿƻʱڴʯͷϵȡ
ҶһԶɶСŮĬ
ʱֵôһôˡҲҵһΣ˵˵⣬ͻȻͣһԶǳԻСףֹСһ˰ɡ
ҶҪ˵ͻȻɫȻ䣬
ԶɶˣС׻һ飬һֱ̣Ҷļϡ
ʱСԭλãͻȻһ޵ĺȹŮӡ
ȹŮץǻδعɶ֣֮ǰСڵλá
ȹŮӿ˿Լ֣Ȼʼ磬ҶЦҽһ£˾£֮һŮ
ҶֱӺȹŮӣſ
ſ
ȹŮ΢΢һţԼ֮оʧɶȻЦں
˵⣬ͻȻһĨЦݣЦݣЩ
ţͻȻץסɶ֣ת˲͵һ
ͣ
ɶұֱӱӲ


1881 Сף
ͻһĻõó˲
С˫ԲУţȻû뵽
һԵæ˵ϣȻ󲻶Ͽͷλˣֻһӣһ±ţˡ
ҶǲŮɫƽʶҶ˶֪µʱ
ŮδüҽУֱ˹ȥ
ʱǲŮͻȻסŮһֻ֣ȻҶЦţ˵Ҷһɱϣޱȵļһڿʧʧ
䡣
ٴ
ͣ
ŮһֻҲӲ
Ů˫紦Ѫֱ
ҶԣͻȻվָǲŮŭ㣬жԹȥѰǣ㣬ΪҪ˶ԴһСŮ۸Сúܿ𣿡
Ȼ
ŮߣЦΪҪȻΪ˱ǿΪʲôҪǿȻΪܹͷҾܹ㣬ȴֻţǵϣϣֻ˼̤
˵⣬Ҷ˵˵Ķ𣿡
ʱҶϵСͻȻ˿УУһɫĽԣ׼ȷ˵һֻСצһ
˿̵СףСϣŭɫǳŭʷҶһμС˵
ÿɰļһ
ʱǲŮͻȻЦˣζ϶ܲԣӦøã
Сף
С״ŭֻСצҪǲŮȥȴǱҶץס
С׿ҶȻ˾Ľ͵ҶУԼһѣȻҪҶһ֡ȻŮʶֻж̶̵ʱ䣬ǣСŮǷǳкøеġ
ҶС׵ԴȻԶĲŮ֪֮ǰһֱãǿߣӦǿߵĽ˵˵ģȥŰǿ˵ĻҶ˵һ֡ǣ㿴㣬ȥŰС⣬㻹ܸʲôӲˣҶ磡
ǲŮҪ˵ʱҶͻȻſ˫֣ŰңŰŰң
ŮЦЦһŮһԣȻҶţ㡭
ʱҶͻȻʧԭأɱˣǳŮԡŮַŮؿڣһᣬһ
δţоȣ
ҶŮյ˺ڣСҲҪȥɱŮæŽ˺ȻŮ̧ǺǰֻСצϻǰ֮ɫ
俴һСףֹСһǲǾܵģʲô¶ҡ
ȻֹǺɲи
ĿǰŮϣŮʱҡҡͷʲô⣬һͨص֡
Ͻ磬ҲһȻΪУǣͨ˲£Ҳȥ޹ɱͨˡΪҶ˵

ǿǿߵĽ
ʱСͻȻӶСצһĻæããСڣϾȣϾȡ

ʵС
ǲŮһҶȻԭղ˵ô໰ĿľΪ˾СŮⰡ
ҶûŮǿߣģںܰȫ
˵꣬תͷǲŮ
䣬һ
ûѡڴׯг֣Ϊٵׯ
ŮǷһĨЦݣһֱ̣ʧԭء
·̧ͷУȻʲôҲû֮Уߵ૵ߣֻ˼̤
֮С
ҶͣǲŮǳǰŮҪ˵ʱҶͻȻתνһն
նν
һУܾûùˡ
ڵնνɲǵնνһ֮Իء
䣡
ҶĽ£ͻȻһ⽦俪
һϢ
ô㱾𣿡УͻȻ˲Ů
Ҷ棬һƬ֮УһŮ˳ŮӣǲŮŮûһ¡
ҶĿڲŮ˫ϵǶԺɫֱͣһ£ղһǱֱ۸ġ
ô㱾𣿡ʱǲŮͻȻЦ˵ģҺʧǳʧΪʱԭú棬û뵽ʵǲ̫ˡһ˼
ʱҶͻȻǰ̤һ

ʩչһ̣Ҷ˵ƶһˡ
ת˲Ҷ½һҶ˲ŮǰеĽ뽣Ѿ˾Ľ
һն£
һ˲ǲŮϵЦ˲̡ǸղһǣȴѾȻͬ
Ů֮ģϯͬʱ˫ϵǶֱͻȻð˻⡣ȻΪ֮ǰӣҶ̫õҶһȫ¡
䣡
һըǲŮֱӱһĳ󵹷˳ȥŮ˫ϵǶԺɫҲҶһնƬ
ҶȻû֣ͣڲŮɳȥһ̣½һֱӻһ
ԶǲŮҶɫȻ䣬˲ڵƣת˫ֳǰһӡɲǼ䣬Ŀռ俪ʼҲܿ죬һΧĿռӿ
棡
ҶҪýƣͻȻ뵽һ
һ̣һɻͻȻҶϯһ˲䣬ҶһˡҶһ֮ǲŮ㵵Ŀ֮УǲŮͷųЩ澹Ȼʼ汩ˡ
ܵη壡
ЩȻǸҶȣǲ̫̫ˡˣڼҶʱЩʱܵ˱ܣ
ʱҶǲŮǰţһ¡
Ǽ򵥵һûκλڵĶҲûκεļɡ򵥵һ
أ
һըǲŮٴη˳ȥһ̣䵹ʱоѪ硣
ҶҪٴγ֣ʱǲŮͻȻת͵һţ˳ձȥ
ӣ
ɱУǻȻȴķ֣ҶĻҪǿ̫̫ˡˣ˵Ҷȫˣѡӣ
Ҷôߣ
Ҷ£һһת˲ҶֱӳǲŮǰţһ¡
أ
Ůһαɡ
ڲŮɳȥһ̣һصͻȻ˳С

Ҷٴʩչ˽һ̣һڳһ
ܿ죬һǲŮü䴦
ˣ
ŮҶҪ˵ʱҶͻȻսŲŮ͵ؾһģ
ž
һ𣬲Ů϶ʱһĽӡ
ʱҶе㲻Գơ
˵ţսŲŮ͵ؾһġ
ž


1882 Ҷ¹˭
ʱڲŮϣۡ
ŮҶҶʿɱɡ
ʱҶͻȻס˲Ůĺһ̣˳˵ϣת˲ҶסŮĺ͵ؾһҡ
أ
ѿ
Ůûʲô£ôҲһλǿߣӲȣȻûԴӲġ
ҶٶԲŮ˵ܴ衣
ŮŤҶҪ˵ʲôʱҶһŲϣȻ㲻˵ᵽ𣿡
£ҶͻȻһ˲Ůϡ
أ
Ůֱӱߵǧɿ⣬δأҶٴγǰȻһŲԴϡ
Ҷҽ˲ȣһ㣬ǣ˵ʵ̫ˡ
䣬Ҷָһ㣬һûŮĸһ˲䣬Ů˫Բ
ˣ
ȻڵʵҪŪʲô£ǣǵÿҶԸԸߡ
Ȼǲܵģ
ҶŮĵָ㣬ıֱӽŮ˵ϡԼ˺ڡ
С
ҶŮǰ˿̣ŮɫѾ˺ܶ࣬ңҲ˹ԣСףѩСԼȻȻ©ա
ҶĿⶼҶϡ
С׷ɵҶļϣȻָָŮļֱֻѾ
ҶС׵СԴȻߵŮǰŮһҶȻ磬磬үүأ
ҶŮСԴû¡
ҶĻŮɫһɣԥ£Ȼ磬˵ҵֳ𣿡˵ţҶڼ
ҶЦЦȻ˫ַŮļϣȻԣ
˵ţת£Ů۶ȥں޸£һᣬŮֻСֱ۱³˳
Լ˫֣Ůʱˮ
ʱС׷ɵǰȻָָҶСצ
˼˵ûƭɣ
ŮСףһЦлл˵꣬תͷǺ䣬źֻһԴȻЩµġ
ߵǰȻлллүү֮˵꣬תҶи硣
ҶŮ¹򣡡
ŮЦЦû˵ʲô
ߣȥһˣ
Ҷ˵꣬ȻŮ˺ŮǲŮǰŮŮȻܺ£¶㵽Ҷ
ҶЦû¡˵ţһóһŵŮǰɱ
ɱ
Ůסˡ
뱨𣿡Ҷ
Ůһ۲ŮȻֿҶеĽ˺һᣬҡҡͷ
ôҶ
ŮɱҲûʲôءΪһһԺб˿۸ء
ҶŮΣȻѾͷ
ȻŮ˼
ʱŮͻȻŮˡ
ղŵĻȻǱͼ˵ˣһС˼
ҶҡҡͷȻ
Ůԥ£Ȼ˵ͷ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ŮиôҾͿȥҵˡ
ԣҶԭЩüչ˿ϲˣĻˣŮĻ֣СŮվСŮҪǿĿֻԼˡ
ʱͻȻ޿ɺǡСŮ޵Ƶģֻ֪ˣǿܸı˵ˣԣˣС˼ҲǷǳġ
ҶЦǰӡ󲻴
Ը㲻ͬûǲŮʱвûгޡϣе£һ֣֡رԸ񼫶˵ˣ
Ҷߣʲô
ʱֵһ֣СŮ֡ơ
Ҳ£Ҷ
Ȼ
Сӣƣ֮ˣд󸣱ˡСŮƣ޶ҲΪˣСڲŻӽһ档ҲΪˣȻΣգȴ㣬죬ҵȿСˣ
ҶɫЩŹˣʵ˵ûôࡣ
ʱֵСӣ㣬ղýɱǲŮΣ
Ҷ룬ȻҸطٺãܸһȻȥ
أ
ҶĬ
ˣˣЩţǣʵڵġʶԵһѰɡ
Ҷҡҡͷû취ߡ
ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǰŮԥ£ֵôԴŮˣ
뿴СŮԣ
ŮһԶĲŮԥ£ȻǸˣòã
Ǹ
ԣҶһЦȻŮСԴѹСԸˣŮˣǿɲܷţȻȥɱ˵ģ
Ů
ҶߵǲŮǰȻǸʹһ㣡
ŮҶû˵
Ҷ˴Ĵָϲйˡ˵ţһ۲ŮһˣƬԴǧƬȻþûԹˣģҲٱġ
䣬жһ
뵽ʲôŮ͵˺ڡ
ʵС
ҶֲϻӶһƬһƬⲻϷɳȥЩ⣬ȻǲŮ
ŮȻйûп
ܿ죬Ů˶ѾĲˡʱŮֻʣꡣҲûܹߡ
Ů꿴ҶʲôУʹ
ҶЦЦģŸտʼѣ
䣬ָһһƻĴָϡ

ڳʱе¶ȶʱ
ǲŮжʱ¶˼ɵ֮ɫʲô
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲûʲô
䣬ָһƻʱһ⽫Ů

һĲҽڳͻȻ쳹
ζȻǲܵġһᣬһڳ𣬡ңҵǸ
Ǹ
ҶһǲŮȻǸ£һ˵
Ҷ
ͻȻ˲Ů
Ҷ˫ۻϣʱ˿̣һ¡֪˾ΪҪɱˡ
ǿߣ
˾УǿߣҶ½磬һߣһϡ
ܶʱǿŰߣǲҪɵġҪɣǿǸˣ߿㲻ˬ
Թǿԣ
Ų
˺һᣬҶ۾̧ͷʣ紵սޣҶ¹˭


1883 ˣ
Ƭ֮ǲŮѾʧ
ĥ
ҶûòŮǸֱӽĥһ£ǲ˵ģΪûŰ˵ȺáŮöԷǱ˶Էˣ
ջ˼ҶŮүүǰ
ҶŮСԴȻߣߣΪѰһԵ
ҶĻߵллллˣлл
ȻֹΪζʲôζŮ˽ı䡣
컯ˡŮ컯븣ˣ
ʱһƷҶ˵ĸȥˡ֪ȥ˺δ
ߵǽʲô޸ɽ
ҶԼŮȥ
ҶĻԵŮ΢΢ͷ֪ʲô
߿ɬһЦһλ·Ǵ˵أȻǶˣλ˵ǸǲȥǶ֪һӵĻԵԣǴӦˡŮʱСǸ޷ȥλҲӦԡ
ҶԵŮŮСԴȻʶԵҴȥѰ㸸ĸ
˵ǻϼʱѡ֮ŮΪϲ֮⣬һԭǾСŮΪ֮ǰһĻ
ϲһ˿Σ
Ҷָһʮöߵǰ١أ
߿һЩ飬ȻŮŮүүһģһҪҡ
΢΢һЦãҵŮ
Ҷ˵ͷȻŮһʧʡ
Щ͵Ŀǵ㺮⣬үүǵȲ˰

뿪֮Ҷ˽һʱһĳˡ
к󣬾෬Ҷ޸ɽΧڡûڳж̸޸ɽ
ԭҶΪֻҪʱԸϵ޸ɽȻˡ˽֮ʵڳ˽һһҹŸϵ޸ɽ
޸ɽ˽ʮ츣֮һ
޸ɽֻһɽʮЩɽȫƯڿеġȺɽ֮ϣƣʱصİ׺׷ɳ˵ɽ֣
޸ڣ
޸ɽ֮ϣ޸ڡ
Ҷûֱӷ޸ڣֲԲУΪض鷳Ҫǣڿûеһڵ
޸ڣɲ½ЩȻʹ˾ڶԴʮ츣ʱýСġ
޸ɽ棬һǣ޸ǡ
޸Ȼ߸ϣҲ׵ģΪǵĵӣǴ֮ġ޸ǣ޸ϵһмվ
֮⣬Ī˶޸š޸޸ɽɽ£һ·޸
һ
ܹ߹˵ߣɼ޸ڣΪ޸ڵŵӡ
޸ûʲô֮ٴǳͨ
ǰ޸ҶЩˡѵԼҪȥ··ȥ޸ɽ͵͵Ǳȥģǣֹˡ
Ϊ޸ɽиǿصĴ󣬻гǿߣ
ԥ£ҶǾͨʽ޸ɽֻˣ£ûҪ͵͵
ҲҪ޸
ʱһͻȻҶұߴҶתͷȥұߣ֪ʱһӡļֱЩ֣ݰףüۣθϸޱȣ˵һŮ˿˻ӡ
Ҷһӣ֪ӸжŮװԷȻҲûر
ջĿ⣬Ҷ˵ͷ
Ů΢΢һЦ̨֪޸ã
Ҷҡҡͷ
Ůӵ޸޸ŪģĿģȻΪ˸޸ѡܳšʵ޸ڣʮ츣أƵĿڡ
ҶתͷŮӣ˵ʲô
ŮͻȻһȣҡҡȣЦ
Ҷ
ʱҶͻȻתͷŮǰͻȻһɫ۵ߡ
ǿ
Ҷɫ΢΢أǰ߸ĸоĸоһ㣬ɲ⡣
ûƭ޸ڲ򵥰
ûйҶĿֱŮӵϣϷû´ӦþŴ츣ص˾ɣ
Ů΢΢һЦСŮӣ
΢΢ȻҪ޸ڵ޸ˡ
˾ָָµ޸һˡ
ߵȻðϷһ䣬ΪҪ㣿ѵΪ֤µ츳𣿡
Ҳ
˾Ц֤ʲô֮㣬ֻһѴġ˵ܹʮ츣ص֮·ĻƼ¼Ļ͸ꡣ֮ҸꡣڣͲһˡ
߿һ˾Ȼ¾Ǻˣ
˵˾Ц£㲻ֹҰɣ
ֹأߵ
˾ЦЦȻóһö壬öʱɫȻһ䡣Ŀһ˾Ȼԭ
˾ʼ磬ҿԿʼ𣿡
ߵ˵ͷˣ
˾Ҫ̤޸ͻȻ뵽ʲôֵ·¼˶Ϣ
ߵʮϢ
ʮߣ
˾˿޸޸ǺܳҲǧɣһٶȣҲͰϢͿԴﵽˡǣѾڱٶ
ʱ˾ͻȻЦʮʮϢɣ
ƤһһŮӣû˵
ʱ˾ҶˣȷҪ𣿡
Ҷ˾⡣
˾Цûʲôֻ㱻ѣ
ԣҶɫʱЩŹˡ
λСѿҲ򵥣ʱͻȻ˵һ䡣
֪
˾ЦҪǼ򵥣ҾͲ˵ô໰ˡ˵⣬΢΢һ٣Ȼֵλ̨ϷΣܺģ
Ҷδ˵Ůֵ߶ʮϢȻߣʤҪһƷ
Ʒ
Ҷ΢΢üʲô
˾ָָҶյĽ

ҶȻиʱ̲֡õĲǽ飬ʶ֮бýţʱû취ս
ǽ飬Ҳ˾ʥǽó̫鷳Щ
õңӵǱ
ȻǽˣǣûǿԵģǽҲʶȤǳϡ
ҶջĿ⣬ȻŮӣأ
䣿
˾΢΢һ漴Ц𣿡
һأҶ
˾Ц˵ô
Ҷ룬ȻҲȱһŮˣŮΣ
ҶĻһԵɫʱһ䣬һҶȻҡҡͷĵ֪
˾Ŵ۾ҶһᣬȻЦãܺãŮǳáô˵ˣҾŮһΪ߰ɣʮϢ
ʱҶߵ˾ǰȻɫҺǣҴ˵ţˣ
£ת̤޸


1884 һСģߵ̫ˣ
޸С
޸Ū޸Ȼôߵġ俼һ˵ԣ־е
Ҷ̤޸һ̣ǰľ˲ˡ

ȻҶ˵Щһöûá
ԣ־ǵҶѾ߱ߣǽޣͨĽޡ
ˣһĻ˾Ŀɿڴˡ
ɡ
Ҷ޸ϽɣϢʱ䣬ҶѾߵ޸ľͷ
һ㾲
ʱҶص˵ǰĿ˾ϣǸһСģߵ̫ˡˡ
˾ֽţôҶ·ҪҶ
Ҷߵ˾ǰЦЦôҪѡҵŮ
Ϸ׾ˣʱһԵͻȻ֪޸ڣν⡣
ҶתͷߣЦ˴ǰΪѰˡ
Ѱˣʡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻˣһнʤһˣᣡ
ˣŮĸĸ׵֡
ߵ֪Ѱ
ҶЦ·ģҲѰ鷳ΪһЩ飬ˣ֪¿ɷ㣬˳һ
߿һҶ£˵ͷԵȣ˲һ飬ˣ¡
Ҷ˱ȭлˣ
΢΢ͷû˵ʲô
ʱҶԵ˾ô𣿡
˾ֱҶãͻȻչһЦû뵽һҲ׾ˡϢȷʵֻǣҪŮ
ôҶʡ
˾Цûʲôֻ¸ºʬͷأ
ԣҶ
в
ҶҡͷһЦô䲻𣬿ʼвˣ
˾ҡҡͷвֻ˵һʵ
ʱһԵͻȻûƭ£ŮĻʬͷֻѣû˼
˾΢΢һЦû˵
ʱҶֱ˾ԭҲֻǿЦûҵŮڣҸıˡҾҪҵŮ
˾Ц̣ȷ
ҶЦȷȻҪԶŵĻҲû취ϾҲǿ㣡
˾ҶúȻãŮң죬ͻңջ仰ġ
ҶЦĿԴ
˾ЦЦȻóһöʯͷʯͷϣ˸̹⣬ҶĿ£ʯͷұ˼Ůˣ޸ɽ
һϢһд˳ʱ󵽣
˾ʯͷȻҶʱӣһأ
ҿڿˣȱ裡ҶͻȻ
˾˫΢Уڣɱ˸
ʱҶЦô䲻𰡣
˾ҶãȻչһЦôᣡ䣬ʧԭء
ϢһҶǰ
ȻҶȴǹܶûйǱ裬תһԵߣԣ֪ʱһӡ
Ӷ΢΢һ񣬡سϣʱڣѾǾϻء
߿ҶҶ΢΢һЦҿԵȵȣ
ߵҿ²Ѱ鷳ġ
ҶȻǣ
ߵ˵ͷû˵
ӺͻȻ⣬ܿ죬˳С
ɢȥһһŮӳ˳УŮҶࡣ˶ԵһУӵ֪ĪѰҶǰΪ£
ӿߣǿҶ
ҶߵŮǰȻǲһŮŮ
ҶĻһĨ㵣Уӵ֪
ҶһӣŮ˳С
ŮһŮӣЩӡ
ŮӿŮӴһŮȻ㣬Ů
Ů˵ͷ
ӵ㶼ôˡ
ŮһŮӣֹ
ʱҶͻȻŮ
Ůһۣԥһ£Ȼǰɣ
Ҷüͷʲôǣ
ӿһҶȻǣ
ʱҶɫһشҵĻ
ʱ˿̣е㲻ˬģŮºӵˣȻûкøеġڣŮ⸱̬ȣõˬˣ
ȻҲһƢˣҶˣɫһ£޸ڣ޸źĵӣ¡
ʱԵɫȻһ䣬ָһ㣬ڳһ
ͻȻ
ʱһӵü䡣
˶ҶرߣһΣжһ˿أղһָȻûеסҶһ˵ʵҶֻҶȷˣ
ŮѾȫסرӣû뵽ǰλһˣʵȻ˵Ŀֲ
ҶԵŮӿһҶдһ˿죬ȻҲЩҶʵ˶ѡǿߣ̫̫ˡ
ʱһԵͻȻز¶ƺˣ޸ڣҪ޸ˣ𣿡
ҶָһתǵüĽʱʧ
ҶߣǸӼ嶯ˡ
˸㣬Ȼᵱ㡣
߿һҶ²Ϊ˵ţһԵӣʲô𣡡
æһ񣬡
˵꣬ӿҶһΣɫЩˣ£ŮʵʵǵŮ
ԣҶԵŮһУţ
ҶüͷҲû뵽Ϊӿ˵١
ʱֵһ죬ӡ̣ʱһȻҳһǰͶһӤ
˵ţóһöƴС壬īɫϣһޱȵޡ
ͷޣҶüͷĸˡΪ֪ΪΣоһ˿ļ£
ӵǵʱϵģӦйء䣬ָһöʱƮҶǰ
Ҷ壬Ȼյ˺ڡ
Ȼһ̣ҶɫȻ䡣
ΪöֻصУ
ֹ룡
Ҷе壬ʲô⣿Ȼ룿ҶУɻ֮ɫ
ʱŮͻȻŮӹΣл֮
ӿһŮһĨӡ
ŮվȻҶҶ΢΢һЦû£ԺңҶĳŵô
ŮСϳһ˿Цݣлл硣
ҶŮյ˺ڣ壬ߣҪ˵ʱһɿֲϢͻȻϮ
ʱ˾ͻȻչӣҡҡȻҶЦңҵģ


1885 ޣ
ŮϳЦݣŵЦݣһеЦݡ
֪ΪΣҶܲˬǳĲˬ
ΪˬˣԭϢ˵ˡ
˵ע£ǵϢ˵ǰͬʱһӡ
ӴԼʮ߰ˣһϮۣüۣӢ
ȻʵҲǿᣬѾǿߣϢ󺣣˼ǿѹȸС
Ŀֱ˾ϣһ̣ɫϻһ˿Цݣ˾Ҳң
˾ȴü΢ô㣡Ŷ˵ضûûεϸ֪ͨģӢ۾԰ɣ
ЩΣڨЦЦȻתһԵҶҶʱȻǴЦݣȴԭЦݲһ
ζζЦݣ
ҪŮģйĽЦ
Ҷûйܽӣǿ˾ô
˾ͻȻ˰֣ҶĻҿûԶţڿɻŮȻˣ߳ʲô⣬ܹܲҰɣҡ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾ˾ǰ˾ɫ䣬ֱ仯צȻһצǰץ˳ȥ
ȻҶ죬Ҷֱӿס˾ĺһɫǹǹֻвֵľ룬ǹĩˣǽӡ
ҶʱѾˡǣ˰֡
ҶûйĽӣ΢΢˾ֱ˵ʱ򣬲ϲ˴ϣ𣿡
˾Ҷԡ
ʱҶͻȻԽԽ˾ʱ

ʱҶǹŭ֪Ǻˣһͷ𣡡
ҶͻȻתͷǹҺú£
䣬ת˾ĸˡ
һĻǹɫĿ£ȴҶ֡
Ҷǰ˾ҸղŵĻ𣿡
˾Ҷû˵
ʱҶԽԽˡ
˾ʱоһϢУ
һĻǹжһ˿ң˾⣬ʹȥˣ¶Ҫꡣ
һԵüͷҲŮҪ޸ҲвС鷳ġԥ£λСѣ嶯ͲʲôޣʵûҪֵ˵ز
ҶЦǰ˵ĶԣȷʵֻһС£ϧˣϲľĳЩ߸ϵˣΪԼ⣬ԣͿѹӱˡ
˵⣬ǰ˾˵һ飬ҸղŵĻûǻûңԴɾҪĲӷֿˣ
ԭûŮӾǣŮӲôߣвˡⶫ໥ģңҾ͸㡣㲻ңҸ㣿ˣ
˾Ҷһ̣֪ǰû˵ٻԷĸɱ
ĸɱ
ûʲôݣǸо
ʱҶ˫΢ͬʱԽԽˡ
ˣ˾ͻȻ
һĻһԵĹɫһɣµľ˾Ȼ޷ʰ
Ҷɿ˾ȻգסȻŮǾ͵Ůӡ
ʱһҶԺ
ˡ
ǣҶȴʧԭأٴγʱѾǹһ̣һֱӳǹȥ
ɫһ䣬Ӧתǹһͬʱֽճȭ׼סڳǡ
أ
ֱӱҶһǧɿ⡣
У˾ŵĿҶû뵽ǰӾȻô׵ľͻ˹һԵҲǴһ˿ȣҶʵ󳬳˵Ԥϡ
˿ԼеǹǹѾѿǹֶѾѡ
ѹסе𾪣̧ͷҶ˭
Ҷûйܹת޸ڵߣһ޸ڣдţлǰķ㣬£ȸˡ
߿һҶȻߣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻŮĸԥ£ǵƾ٣ӦƱ˵ţָһһöɽ˵ǰ
ɽ䣬ƽʱɱԽãһЩϣǣŮ˵ı
лӶҶ˱ȭдһ˿
Ҷ˵ͷû˵ת˾ˣ
˵꣬һʧʡ
ԭأ˾ĬһϢͻȻ̧ͷҶʧĵطôˣûţ
䣬ͻȻһʹ⣬תʳһʺ硣
˾
һҪ׷ȥʱһԵͻȻŮӣ֪ͨˡ
ߣֵʵ˵زӹˣ׷ȥûһãܻɱڡ
ԭأɫһãûڸȥóһʯͷ
ջĿ⣬ȻԵŮĸǲŵӣ
ԣ˴󺧡
ʱֵǳΪ洫ӣ
һ㶣漴ϲ

գҶУͻȻͣת˾Ѿ
Ҷ˶Էһۣô
˾ЦǣڿŮ
Ҷô
˾ߵҶǰҪԶţ˾ȻģȻسŵأҾŮ
ɽģҶͻȻʡʱ˿̣Լ֪ôȥɽ
ɽ
˾΢΢һ漴۾һҪȥ壿
Ҷüͷ΢壬ô
˾ЦˣˡҪȥɽǸҸպҲҪȥһȥҿԸ·
Ů˸ţҶȻǾܾģΪŮݲ򵥣ţ鷳϶ϡ鷳ǲ鷳ڵ֮ȥ壬Ȼȥ硣
ʱ˾ֵҪȥɽͱ뾭˽֮һıޡкǿǿǿصģһˣȥа취
ҶҪ˵ʱͻȻ𣬡˵ûޣбأû˾κ˶޷ȥɽҲ͵͵ģڵʵ޷
ҶĬһᣬȻ˾а취
Ȼ˾Ц
Ҷ˵ͷ͸ŰɡˣñѰ㡣
ôˣ˾Ц
Ҷһ˾Ȼ£һСɱˣ
˾


1886 
˾һҶȻǺˣ
Ҷûлش˫ۻڡ
ǰ֪ͷ޵𣿡Ҷʡ
ȥ޽룬ҶǳǳɻܲǳĲ
ҡҡͷȻ档
ҶҲ棬壬ϵȻޣ㲻ޣ϶Ҳһġ
ĬãȻѾͷһ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
ޣû´ӦϹʱڣһּΪײеޣ

Ҷһֿۣ档
ϹʱڣרԼΪʳԲб壬ϹʱڵУһЩ⣬û޸ֻ֪ʲôʱʼһ忪ʼʧڡ
Ϊʳ
ʱҶƤţңɫȻ⴫˵еĵܼɵôˣŮʲôأ
ûȥ⣬ڶ˵֮ȥɽ
ʵУҶ۾һ˾߰ɣ
䣬½ֱӻһʧʾͷ
ԭأ˾ĬһͻȻЦأأȤ
䣬ͻȻһʹ⣬ת˲һҫ۵ĲʺԶߣ˾Ѿʧ
йУҶ˾Ŀж˽һŵ˽ᡣ
˽磬ޣֱޣޣޣޣԼޣޣλǿأ˾ݣ¡
ޣʥأʥأʮ츣ء
УʥصλȻ
Ϊʹ˾Ҳ޷ʥء
ʱ˿̣Ҷ˾Ҳһ˽⡣ȻȻ
˾ĸʵ˽֮У۷ģ֮⣬Է»ǿߣ޵ˣɶǾǿߡ
˿̣Ҳף׶ԷΪβѰˡ
ԭ򣬵һҶʸȻʵѾǳǿ󣬵ǣ˾УҶûʸǰΣ˾ΪʥʣһһᱻעرԼħ滹壬٣ض鷳
ţԷܿͻˣ
ţ
һΣҶ˾ĿĵؾǱޡ֮УʵޡΪ˽Ĵţ⣬ĴУ壡
ڵλãޣ
Ҫޣ˾Ļ˵ڵٶȣҪ£
£
ڵٶȺĿ죿˲ϢǶС˼ȻڵٶȶҪ²ܵޣɼǺĴ
ˣ
ʱҶԵ˾ͻȻ
Ҷתͷ˾˾ָָ·ûһǣУضзйߣǿŪйߣȻôɣ˵ģ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷȻ㹻龧ǣҲ̫ۣϾһ죬ǰ££зйߴĻԽ
أҶ̧ͷȥϷ֣̳̽ǡ
ǲر󣬵ȴܹϣȻѾһЩ
߰ɣ˾
Ҷ˶ԷһۣҲе㲻Ů˵ͼˡΪڣû鷳Ȼ϶ŮʲôԲû鷳
ԷΪʲôѵֻǺΪ˺棿
ҡҡͷҶȥЩȥ
УҶĴܣʵϽ½粢ûʲô̫һˣһ죬һĵءҪ˵ͬĻǾϽȻҪ½ǿࡣ
ΪҶߣͶ߾ʹһЩʮСҲ߾
𲽵ܸߣ
߿㣡ʱǰ˾ͻȻ
Ҷ΢΢ͷŲӿ죬ܿ죬ͣ˵ǰһ¥߲֮ߣռҡ
Ҷ̧ͷȥǸ¥ˣҫ۵Ĵ֣챦У
챦е˿ɲˣ
ʱҶԵ˾ͻȻʥضҪӵˡ߰ɣ
˾£˽챦Уܿ죬һӭҪ˵˾ͻȻóһŽɫƬŽɫƬʱɫʱһ䡣
Ӷ˾һȻԵȣ
˵꣬ת첽߽á
ʱ˾ǽɫƬҶЦ챦еĹɫġɫ棬ϽɫȻûˣ
Ҷ˵ʲô
˾ҡҡͷǸľͷ֪֪ҪΪ챦еĹرֽɫжѣ
Ҷҡҡͷ֪
˾Ҫ˵ʲôʱһòȹŮͻȻ˳ȹŮߵ˾ǰЦû뵽ƫƧĵطȻй˹٣СŮˮĹ£кҪܼ֮ڣƴǣ
˾ҪһھҪ

ˮŮ΢΢һ漴Щԥ
ô˾ü
ˮʵΨһһѾ˶£ԷѾ˶ǲ޹˵ΣΪ׼һ󣿡
󣿡
˾ҡҡͷ̫ˣ
ҶͻȻʡ
˾Ҫһ²ܵҪȥǸط
ԣҶüͷҲ΢΢һ壬̫ˣлб̻𣿡
ҶĻһԵˮɫ΢΢һ䣬æλΣĳһΣ
೤ʱ䣿˾
죡ˮ
˾ҶҶҡҡͷԼ߰ɣ
˵꣬תߡ
ʱ˾æҶǰԼ߰ȥ취ŪһҶԵɳԲ
ҶҪ˵ʱˮͻȻλҪȥδ
ޣҶ
ԣˮЦɣλҲҪȥޣΣǹһ
˾ҶҶԥ£Ȼ˵ͷ
λˮ˵ųԱȥ
ˮҶƶ֮ϣƶ֮УǱһȻȻ״紬Ϊͷǳļ
ʱ֮ͻȻ߳һŮӡŮӴԼʮ꣬һϮưɫĳȹò˵ǳÿҲѿǳľ
ŮӵļϣһֻɫС
ˮߵŮǰŮ˵˼䣬ŮӿһҶ˾Ȼ˵ͷ
һĻˮɫʱһɣȻתͷҶ˾λ룡
Ҷ˾˵ͷȻɵ֮ϡ
ŮӶҶ˾΢΢һЦҶҪ˵ͻȻ䣬ҶȫëȻ
ף


1887 ˣ
ô
Ҷ͵ؿŮӼϵֻССɫֻȭͷСҶŷֻ֣Сֻһֻţ˿ֻСע
ôţ
С˫۳ʰɫէһûʲô֮ǣֻСţҶȴǸоЩëȻ
򵥣
ҶҪ˵ʱŮͻȻֻССʱͷȥҶ
ŮתҶ΢΢һЦȻ߽Լİ֮С
Ů˲򵥣ʱҶԵ˾ͻȻ
Ҷһ˾û˵߽Լİ֮С
ԭأ˾ʼ磬ʲô

һ䷿֮У֮ǰŮӿǰС촽΢Сʲô
ϢŮͻȻ˵һ䡣
С΢΢ͷ
״Ůü΢΢ȷ𣿡
Сԥ£Ȼҡҡͷţ촽
һᣬŮüĸˡ

Ҷ֮УҶ𣬡СӣǧҪסҪ屩¶ϵϢȻ㽫кܶܶ鷳طɲ½磬ɱˣܹЩˡɱԽ࣬ԽǿͻԽŹ㣡
Ϣ
Ҷ֪ҶýѹϵϢ
һ̾Сӣܵģ磬иǿǿ⣬һЩ츳ޣ߱ʲôСԼСһɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵСĵ㣬Щνʿ׷ɱζɲܡ
һҶңڣ˪Ůڡ
˿̣Ů
ҶĿŮϣŮʱ˿̣Ůȫ˵ĺڹ⣬һСС
ŮĹ򵥣ʱٴ
Ҷô˵
֪һֱڷһʵĸı䣬һıɹ϶ǳֲ
ҶҡҡͷҲ̫ˣ
ã
ʲôãеΪһŹչϰĶСĳ̶ֳ˵Խã⹦ԽáŮǳɹ϶ǲ˵ġ
ҶһŮȻ˵ͷҲϣ
ûд˪ŮҶڵأһԣʱǽֱʧԭء
ȥСˣ
СȻƤһЩǣȻƣһʶϲ
ҶЦЦȻ˫ۻܿ죬ȫͻȻ˵Ľ⡣
࣡
ڵӵн࣬˵һǿ߸
⣬ڸںԼѧҽЩȥ򡢸ƣõĽӼ򵥡֮⣬н
Ѿһһ㿪ֻ˽֣ʩչѹƶ棬˲ԼĽ
˵Ȼֻ澳Σǣһǿǰ
Ҷ֪һ㣬ǾʵϽԶԶġкܶܶҪÿµǰᣬҪǿʵ

Ҷڳ˲ȥԼĽ⣬ҪŬԼľ硣ǸȻԼľ硣ţһͻƵĻʵһʵķԾ
鵤
Ҷֱӽ鵤˳磬Ҫǳ֧ŵģȱЩ
ʱһһȥڣѾȥ¡
ʱڵصҶɢϢԽԽǿÿζܿ챻Ҷջȥ
Ҷ־£ʱ˿̣żɢϢõΧĿռһ
ĳһ̣ҶͻȻ۾

Ҷ³һһ˿ʧ
ûдﵽǣѾǲˡӲȥȻʧˡ
ʱͻȻܹǲϣѾǳˡպֻҪһԵǲϾͻᱻһƿеˣһ޷ǲϣ
ҶЦЦס
û̫ʧΪȻûдﵽ⼸ջǷǳġ̣ľ类̵ķǳι̣֮⣬ڽҲ¶
Ҷ˺ʱķͻȻ
Ҷ
Ŵ򿪣˾ſڴ
˾һҶȻԳǿ쵽ˣ
Ҷߵ˾ǰֱ˾Ҳ֪㵽ҪʲôǣȰñڸңˣʲôûУ鷳ı£ǲǸǵġ
˾ҪӲţ
ҶҡҡͷҪ˵ʱ˾ͻȻЦûңȥ˶ɽġ
Ҷͼʲô
˾գգۣûʲôǾú棬ΪҴδȥ壬㣬ҪȥģҲµĶ𣿡
Ҷɣ
˵꣬ƹ˾߳˷䡣
ԭأ˾ǷһĨζЦݣ˼Ů˵Ȼ鲻˼˼
ϣҶߵǰԵܣһĹĻĻ赲Ļ⣬޾ǿա
ããǿգ½粢ûʲôͬǿգһĺ嫣һ䡣
ʱһŮӳҶԡ
Ů̧ͷԶȻԳǣҪȥ壿
ҶתͷһŮӣȻȥΣȥΣ
Ů΢΢һЦȻֵô壿
ҶֱŮӣ˵ʲô
ŮЦûʲôֻʣԸ˵ѻش𣿡
ҶջĿ⣬Ȼô壿ûôҵĻش𣡡
Ů˫΢УˣΣ
ҶΣ
ԣŮֻ壬Ϊ壬壬㾹ȻΣ
ҶתͷŮӣ˶Ǻˣ˶ǻ𣿡
ŮֱҶû˵
ʱҶֵҲʲôޣǣΪҪԼĳת۵˵ϣ壬ñҲҪ壬뷨е㲻̫ðɣ
ŮͻȻ΢΢һЦ¶ӡƺܺã
ҶҶ壬һ
УˣҲˣȻ˾г𣬵ǣ壬û衣ң˾Ҳ塣壬ûӴȻȥ޹ʵ塣
У
ЩǵŪһЩֶΰϷˡ
˵ҶԼ뷨Լ˼룬Ǳ˵ʲôҲʲô
ҶĻŮӳĬ
һᣬŮͻȻ̧ͷҶϣܵϢ
ҶתͷֱŮӣΣ
ŮӿҶͻȻ΢΢һƣת˲ü䴦ͻȻһѪɫӡǣӡǳʽ״˸ŵ⡣
ʱҶͻȻ˺佹Сӣˣ쳷
£һںɫĳìͻȻҶǰ
ͣ
Ǳì׾ٵıƿҶƤìֱ룬ҪҶ࣡


1888 ôˣ
ҶȻûԴУǳìƤһ̣˱ֱʧԭء
ǧ⣬Ҷ˿ԼĸѾѿһӣѪ
ʱٴ𣺡СӣС죬רķԣСӣŮ˾ϽȻ鷳ȥˣ

ҶҡҡͷɲķԶŮӣʱŮͻȻȻѪ
ŮӳìϣһѪȼա
ҶѪ
Ů̧ͷҶΪ壬幦
䣬еĳìͻȻǳìҶǰʱ䱾ѾǳìסǸìȻ͵һ
ҶֱŮӣкâһһָ̣ɽָȻǰһ㡣
ָ⣬ơ
أ
ҶĽָŮӵĳìӴǳìǾһȻҶָȴ紥˻ȥͬʱ˳ٴɡ
Ҷ˿ԼָָѾѿղֻҪһ㣬ָܾҪˡ
Ҷ̧ͷһŮеĳìĿ
СӣһѪӡǣС鷳ʹȥˡңһӲһ䣬ڿЩˡ

ҶЦЦǰôˣҾ̫ˡ
˵ţ̧ͷԶŮӣһ̣ǰһָ̤ǰһ㣬ŮǰռͻȻ˺ѿת˲һֱֶŮӡ
Ů˫ۻֽеĳìת˲üǸѪɫĽӡͻȻһɫ
䣡
Ҷǵֱӱɫ飬ɫٶȲҶȥ
ʱҶѾԭأٴγʱѾŮӵһΣУһ
ν
ˣ
һڳкȻ쳹ת˲һ϶¶Ůһն¡
ʱŮͻȻתìһ̡
䣡
ҶԭزŮȴֱӱɿ⡣

ʱҶͻȻڳת˲ʮõĽͻȻŮӵܣһ̣ݺᣬֱӽŮû

ڵɽԶ
ʮɽ⣬籩һ㽫ŮСڼ䣬ŮնϹɽǣһɽʧͻһµķɽ̲ϡ
޾
ҹ䣡
ʱͻȻŮӵ
һ̣һɼֲϢͻȻŮϯת˲ҶЩɽȫϢ顣ʱһͷɫŮӵͷ
ȫɫֻһֻš
ֻҶμŮʱŮӼϵֻ񡣲ڣֻȵʱ̫ˡ
ҶֽǰȻֻ˹
Ҷƣֻжʱ֣һֻ̣͵һȣֱӻһڹ⳯Ҷȥ
ҶҪʱֻͻȻſ졪
ౣ
һ̶ͻȻڳУֱӽҶĶ֮Уһ˲Ҷ˵ĸоˡ
Ĥʹ·ʲô˺š
һ˲ֻͻȻɵҶͷȻֻצֱץסҶļ򣬽ţҪҶ˺ѿ
ʱһͻȻҶϡ
࣡
һ̣Ҷڴ⣬ʩչ˽ࡣʩչ֮Դʱָʱоֻץļ˺ѣ
ʹ
ҶڵĸоʱҶлЩ£ΪûʩչĻпѾ˺ˡ
ûж룬ҶٽϾһ̡
أ
ֱֻӱҶһسˣʱŮȴǴųìҶǰ
ŮӾìҶеĺ
ˣ
Ҷǰ̤һһ̤һصͻȻ˳С

һΣֱʩչ˽
Ҷսֱʧԭء
һɲǣ
һֺŮɫʱ䣬һ̡
ͣ
ŮеĳìͻȻ룬ͬʱŮӵһֱֻҲֱ׷˳ȥ
ҶҪ֣ʱ˾ͻȻǰɱ
ҶüͷҪ˵˾ȴסֱۣ뿪
Ѿͷģ뿪ֻڣ޷ʱڻɱ뿪ȻҲˡͻȻ
˵ĺأ
Ҷûм֣µ˵ͷ
ҶһԶŮӣŮӴʱҲڿת˲Ҷ˾ֱʧԭء
Ҷ뿪Ůӿ˿ԼֱۣȻ򡭡
ʱǰͻȻһѪɫι
ʱŮӵˣ

ңԶʣҶУԣ˾
Ҷ˫΢գʵ
ǰʲôǸʲô⣿
һϵļ壬أʹ㾡ȫûв鵽ǵֻ֪Ƿǳ壬ԣӦ˵ǵʹɱˡ
רɱ壡
ԣҶüͷʲôޣ
֪
ԳֹǣȻڡԣΪѸ뿪˰ɣΪ壬ǲǲ𡣡
ҶҪǣҪң
Сӣһ£Ȼɱһˣľ޾׷ɱҲ㿪Ц˾ûϵñȥȻ
ʱҶǰҪȥǣ㿴ûҪɱң
ĬһᣬȻǲ𣬻㲻𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ㣿ӱǽġ⣬ֻȭͷȭͷܹ⡣

ȻҲԣǣǵýȭͷ㹻¡
ʣһֻȥһֻϽ
֪Ҷ룬ʱֵСӣҪһ㣬ûǸʵȥһԿ岻о仰һʱƽ˾
ҶЦЦ˵ˣڣǸϿȥɣ
ԣȥ壡
ʱһȻǿ󣬵ֻҪȥ壬Ǿû취ǻûǸ£
Ҷ˵ͷȻջ
ʵУҶһۣͿһ۾ڿ۾ˣȻ˾
ʲôҶʡ
˾һҶȻѪ
Ҷ˵ͷôˣ
˾ҡҡͷµǲ£ֻǣֻһ϶Ҫ군ˡ֪ղɱ˭һ壬ǳֲġ˾շһǿߣǼһˡ˾ѹ˲֪ǣǿ֪ǼһʵǱһɱģ
ȻأҶʡ
˾ȻһǣǼҿɲǣΣһȥҼһȱŵģҿţұһô
ҶҪ˵ͻȻһֲϢңԶʡ
ˣ˾ЦڴӦüŶ
Ҷ˾תʣʱͻȻȳ
ҶҡҡͷһȻֱʣһĨΪӺ۸ǰɣ
ˣ
ҶУȻ˻


1889 Գǣ
ʱ˿̣ҶǷǳġ
һ岢ûʲôԹǣΪѪǰŮ˾Ҫ
Ҫ
Ե
һİԵ
磬ҶûʲôģΪ˶ĺڡ˵ȫûʲô֮ǡں˵ȳѾһˡʲôǶԷ׷ᡣ
ʵ֤ˣֻܻôߣ
ǰһĻҶԵ˾գգۣ㲻Ҫɱһ˰ɣ
Ҷû˵£һת˲ѾԶʡ
Ҷǰ֮ǰնһ۵Ůӣ˿̣Ůԣһӡ
źۣһŮһĺɫììҪһ㡣
ӴһҶȻΪ壬ȴѪ幦Ըʶ䣬㡭
ʱҶͻȻ̧֣ӵĻֱӣ幦ƨ£
˲䣬ս
һĨɭ䣬ţûϵܿͲš
ʱҶͻȻǰ̤һһ̤

һԣŮɫһ䣬æѵСģ
ȻʱҶѾӵǰһ̣Ҷס͵ؾһΣȻһն£
ʮնν
Ҷ˿̵ļޣ
رɫ
Ҷһ̣ɫǴ䣬г˾֮ɫһ̣ʶԼЩˡЩС
ִ֮£ֻܾеĳìȥ
ǲ
أ
һһ˾㵵Ŀ֮УֱӱҶһ֮⡣֮ǰԭվλãǸì˿̣ǸìѾΪ롣
һֲ֮˹
Զ˾һҶȻһô
ԶսûнҶһ֮˫һУɲǼ䣬ʮƾճӵܣһ̣ʮӣ
֮ûб׷ȥΪһӺһŮͻȻǰţһìֱü䡣
ǰŮӣҶһĨ
ҽ͵һ壬˵
һɲǣ
Ůӵľ뱾ͷǳĽһ̳䱬Ŀֲ
䣡
һըŮֱӱɿ⣬һͣУھѪʱҶȴٴγǰһ̣һ⳯£
䣡
ŮӲû£Ҷǵȴɢˡ
ͬʱҶԭλ
ΪŮӵǰֳֻɫ񡣴˿ֻ̣ҶУȻһ˿ɵ
һΣǵŮӵǰŮӣŮӳ
Σգ
ᵽΣյĸо
ŮͼǣЩԥȻҶȴûԥһ̣Ѿֻǰת˲һ۵Ľֻ⳯ն˹
ɫ֣һХֱӳҶײ˹ȥ
һϢ
䣡
ֱֻӵ˳ȥϣĳЩطѾѿ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
һĻŮƤһҪ֣Ȼһ̣ɫȻ䣬ԶҶֵӣСģ
ȻѾˡ

һĲҽͻȻһƬ֮쳹
һ̣һѪܵͷ­з˳
ͷ­֮ǰӵġ
һĻ˲
˾һǿͷ­ȻԼĺ˿̣Щµġ
Ϊʱ˿̣ŷ֣ŵӣӲһĴڵʱҶסʱʱЭĻԴ϶Ѿˣ
߶ɱ
˾ԶҶг˺棬ǰһ﾿˭
ҶһǰԶǿͷ­ȻԶŮӣҪ֣ͻȻŮһֻıϣһֱ̣ӻһڹʧҶС
ˣ
ٶȷǳĿ죡
Ҷûȥ׷Ϊû취׷Էٶ̫죬Ҫ׷ĻҪ׷켸ҹ
ջĿ⣬Ҷת£һõĽȻ֡
һ̣Ҷʧʡ
˾ԥһºȻæָȥ
֪֪һ壿·ϣ˾ʡ
Ҷһ˾˵ʲô
˾ԥ£Ȼһأǵģʹ˾ȥǡ㣬ɱǵˣѪ幦ҲŹģ
ҶЦЦȻ֪𣿡
Ȼ˾
ҶһôΪβȥնɱˣ
⡭˾
ҶҲֻһȺӲļһˡΪ֪ЩǿߣͿԳ׽塣Ȼǲȥô𣿡
˾ԥ£ȻɣǣʹǣУ߰ңҲûʵ
˵Ҹô죿ҶͻȻʡ
˾ٴ
ҶЦӣǻŹȻǲܵġѾŹңΪλҪŹǣɱһɱ׬ˡɱʱҪǱɱˣ̫ˣ
˾룬ȻҲûֻǣкܴ鷳ˡ
ҶͻȻ̧ͣͷԶԶ·һǡ

ǳһǣʹڿиӣȻǵľͷ
ǱԳˣʱ˾ͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷȥɣ
أվǱԳǰʱһСȻããǺʱָо
ΪⱱԳǣʵ̫̫ˡǳǽ֮ߣɣʲôһֻվһֻǰ
׳۰ɣ
Ҷԣ˾Ц֮Уɻģ޵ĵ۶Ĵ󡣡
ҶһǺʵĳǽģ
˾˵ͷǽһ󷨿֮ϵǿ߶Ժ֮⣬пǻзǳǳɱأ
ɱУҶ˾
˾գգۣʲôɱУʲôû˵
Ҷû׷ʣתͷǱԳǣò˵ǰԵúСʹҲһƿǵĳǽʹƿ˵Ҳֻѡ
˾ҪǣͻȻͬʱͣȻתͷȥڲԶһͷȻ

һͷɫ֮ıϣһС͹̻Իͣǳ


1890 
˾ͻȻ
Ҷ˾ʲô
˾һҶȻһݵ֮УūûǸҵģǿ϶һ
ǼҸ𣿡ҶͻȻʡ
˾ЦǼҲ÷ǽǰһҪ
ҶŶһȻջĿ⡣
ʱ˾ȴֵҸ𣿡
ڴ̽Ҷˡ
Ҷһ˾Ȼʲôģ̫ͼˡ
˾
ʵҶҲڴ涼ģʲôǿϹޣݣһܱȵ
Ҷܵ͵ǳ͵ԣȻ˵
ʱھǶʱͻȻͣţһŽ۵ǹ֮˳ӵֱߣһ˾СŮ
ӴԼʮ꣬òӢϴЦݣ˵ĵһоǷǳõġСŮСŮһϮ黨ȹͷһССıӣ۵ǿɰ
СŮһָֻ·ҶŮӣȻЦղʸΪʲôҪڸ㡣ûǺǳԣǵ˸ԼУΪ׾ٵɱǣǣֻǲŬ˵ˣ
𣿡СŮգգۣʡ
Цʾ㿴
䣬˶壬µͻȻ۾Ȼֱһҧ·Ҷ˾
һĻ˾ɫʱԵҶȴɫƽϲŭ
ܿ죬ͷҶ˾ͷſ˾죬ҪҶ˾С
ʱҶͻȻһһ̣һ
ֱǾһһ˲䡪
𣡡
дһ֮У޾ʹࡣ
Ȼ黹δǾͷҶͻȻսǾ͵һն¡
ͣ
ͷδӦԴ벱Ӱ˼ҡ

أѪһء
ҶСŮǰСŮȻЩ£ǣɫȴǺ򶨡
ҶһСŮȻʵ˵ûΪУҲߣֻҪ룬ھͿԴң뿴𣿡
СŮСԴæڡ
ҶһЦû˵գתǱԳȥ
һͻȻͣȻɱһͷҾû˵ʲôˣǵ͵һɡǸ¾ôȥˣأ
⻰ȻǶǽ˵
ǽӿһҶȻǰ£²ǣ̨
˵ţָһһöɽɵҶǰ֮͵ˣ̨£
Ҷ˵ͷҾͲˡ
˵꣬һӣɽ䣬Ȼֽǳȥ
һԣ˾ҶıӰ˸һ˿Ĺâ
ܿ죬æȥ
ȥľϣСŮͻȻӵ䣬硭
ջĿ⣬ԵСŮЦ£µġ
ҪҪүү
ӵҪ𣿡
ԥ£û˵ʲô
СŮԴ壬Ͳĳ죬⣬ΪҲġȻڼ֮еõҪĶǣҲʧȥණ
գգۣ˵̫£
ЦЦȻոոһڸڽһ㣬ûʲôޣ
ҡҡͷ
Ц֪Ǹ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ֵ֪Ǹʵʵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
СԴȻЦ㿴ԩ޳ֲ֪ʵݡ˵һҲ򲻹أ˵ǼһҪأʱΪһʱϲöΪУ˵ôԴǣ
ĬһᣬȻ壡
ӵ˵ͷЦڣ뱨𣿡
ҡҡͷ
Цͨղŵ飬ѧʲô𣿡
룬ȻҪ͵һ㡣
ӵ˵ͷǵõ͵һˡˣҪǼ½㣬ɱˣЩС˼ȻᱻϳԳǵģ
˵ͷף
ܿ죬ý˱Գǡ

Ϊʲôɱˣк˾ߵҶԣʡ
Ҷҡҡͷû˵֮ǰ֮Բɱˣԭ򣬵һΪ̫鷳ݲһ㣬Ȼ壬ǣɱˣ϶кܶ鷳ġ
ڶԭ򣬻鷳ղţܵһ޵ϢϢڳ֣Ϣ˾Ҫˡ
Ϊ˼鷳ûڳ֡
ʱ˾ֵһô˵ˣ
Ҷ˾Ҫȥ壡
˾ԥ£Ȼ˵һΪʲôҪȥ𣿡
Ҷܣ
˾ƲƲ죬Ȼ˵Ͳ˵˭ϡ֪˵ҪȥĻͱбֻܹӱԳǵı뿪
˵⣬֪ҶʲôֵӲһҪȥ壬бΪһǿޱȵ󷨣λǿߡ
Ҷа취𣿡
˾ЦɣУ
Ҷ˵˵
˾Ҫһȥ壡
ԣҶüͷȥ
ȥʲô˾ʡ
Ҷߵ˾ǰֱ˾Ϲ֪ݺܲһ㣬ʵҲܲǣһҪȥ壬ǸطһöûУʵˡֱԣ֣ܴʮ
˾΢΢һ飬ʲô˼
ҶóΪ޷ܾǣȥ壬ǲᱣģҲûǾ㡣
ҲҪı˾
Ҷ˵ͷɣ
ߣȥ˾
˵ţԶȥҶû˵ȥ
һᣬ˱ܴռֽʮɣǰڷߴ֮ߵͭ
ң˾˵꣬ȻǴҡڵĳǴȥ
˾ߵʱͻȻͣܿ죬óһöܿ죬ǴŴ˿˾첽С
˾뱱úͻȻŽɫ۵ͻȻҶΧ
˵ϢֱҶϣһͷųԼѹҶ
ʱҶ˫ۻȻʾ£鲻Ǻܺã


1891 Գ裡
鲻Ǻܺã
ҶûпЦڵȷʵôáΪһ·ʲô¶ûãǣ鷳ȴһһ硣
鷳
鷳ǣ鷳ȻԸΥ鷳ⶫ
Ϊ׵ǷһĨ鲻ãģܿͲˣ
£һϯ
ʱǱ֮УͻȻһ
羪ը죬
ԣΪ׵ɫ΢΢һ䣬תͷһǱжһ˿ɵ
ʱ˾Ǳ֮˳ʱ΢΢һܿ죬ɫһģ
Ϊ߶˾һ񣬡˾С㣬үֻǵСİΣҵС㡣
˾Ҹ˵Ҽ֪Ӧû֪ͨҼ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷûУ
˾΢΢ͷȻǻȥɣûΣգ
ԥ
˾üô
߿һҶȻ˾С㣬˾࣬ʵΣյĺܡභ˾Сҵһȥ
˾ߵߵǰˡǣ˵һ飬ǻȥף
ԥ£һ̾Ȼ˵ͷС㱣أ
˵꣬תҶаˣ𣡡
䣬Եʧԭء

Ҷûȥߣǿ˾˾ǲҼˣǹҵģҡ
ҶҡҡͷҶûȤ
˾ƲƲ죬ȻǸûõ
ԣҶüͷʱ˾ֵڳУǰɽֻŮµͷУԣǵȥǱ£
£
Ҷģ
˾ߣһȥ
˵꣬תԶȥ
ҶҲȥ
СӣУСĵ㣡
ʱҶ𣬡طǿ߷ǳ࣬Ǳ˵ܵУʹȫʤʱҲ֡
Ҷʣˣ
֮УһУƹһֻպģֻɲͨպлĻԿ
˾һģҶ
ȻһģյһƺҲ˾ɵءʵҲʵӹɵģµľӣ彻֣սĴ֮У˵ǿǻʵۣˣ᲻ɵ𣿡
Ҷǰģǰⱱƺ
ƺûôǰɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ȼ彻սⱱɱ岻֪ǿߣǣͬɱ岻֪ǿߡУˣǿĵˣֵ𾴵ġȻȻ𾴣ǣɱĻҪɱ
ҶЦЦҪ˵ʲôʱߴ˾ˣ
Ҷջ˼̧ͷȥǰһǱСҲûǹȴܾ¡ڹſڣ޴ͭ
֪ʲô𣿡˾ͻȻʡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˾Цӥޣٶȣˡ
Ҷ˵£
Ȥ
˾ҶһۣȻˣⱱ£ɱŮˣⱱԳǶⱱԳǣϵ
ҶģҲģ
˾˵ͷ߰ɣ
˵ţߵǹǰʱһӳ˾ǰ
˾óһö壬ȻתС㣬˵˾ҵ£


˾ĻʱüͷɫЩãǣ˾ǿʱͻȻһĨ֮ɫ
һᣬСԵȣ
䣬ת˹֮СϢֳԭأȻС룡
˾תͷҶ߰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˸ӽ˴ڣսһŮӱǳ˹
ŮӴòֻжʮ꣬ǳپµû˿覴ãرģǳϸ䴩һϮİɫȹõԵøӵĻˡ
ŮӣǱŮ¡
Ŀ˾ϣЦ⣬ԭ˾ãô˾òȥʮ츣ص֮·ܵұԳˣұԳǺûʲôôģ
˾һȻҲԵ˳סµ֣ЦŲ½ŮкܣһȻ鴫
Ůһһ˵·δһ㡣
ȻҶȴŮ֮ǰͲʶ

Ҷ˫۱Ů˶ǳܳ
һᣬĿͻȻҶϣȻλǣ
һѣ
˾ЦʵǶԳǣ󡣡
Ŷ
¿һۣȻЦ֪Ǻ¡
˾ȥɽ
ɽ
µλȥ壿
˾ɫǣ֪¸ˡȻˣԳˡ
ϵЦݽʧˡһᣬ˾Ӧ֪ɽɲ˭ȥȥġر˾ݵˣȻҲûбʲô˼ֻǣ˾Ӧ˽⣬Գ¹尲ΣһǶǲܳģ
˾СǱ壬˵ǻ˽ͨ壿
΢΢һЦ˾С㿪Цˡ
˾С㲻ͨһ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷº˵ǣ¡
˾˵ʲôʱҶͻȻбĵطͨɽ𣿡
˾ҶеУǣҪƺԶԶ·ҪֱƹޣٶȣٶҪµʱ䡣
ԣҶüͷ
λΪҪȥ壿ʱͻȻʡ
˾ҶҲɻĵط
һĻǱĿʱҶһΣһ˿ӡ
Ҷ룬Ȼûʲô£˵Ǳߺ棬ԣȥ棡
ԣ˾ʱҸõĽ
ҶĻǱµǵطΣգ»ǻطɣ
û𣿡Ҷ
ҡҡͷ
ԣҶɫһУͻȻʼ


1892 洳ģ
һĻ˾ɫʱһ䣬æߵҶԣסҶֱۣɱ
ǱԳǣҶʮġ
һԣ϶һ裬һСڣûҶľٶ
ʱҶͻȻЦЦȻ˾߰ɣ
˾ԥ£Ȼ˵ͷ
пճʱͻȻЦ
˾ͻȻͣ˽Ųתͷ򱱲£Ȼʵе档ҵݣ룬СӦǲܾġǣС㻹Ǿܾˡܲ⣡
΢΢һЦ˾СԼҪǰȥɽʱԣ
ԣ˾ͻȻתͷҶ
ԵĲ˵˾Ҷ
Ҷ룬ȻƺûеԳǡ
ЦȻûУƺ˱ˡ
µĻҶ֪˭ˡ
һŮˣ
ΪֻŮ֪ҪȥɽңһҲֻܴжԷⱱԳ赲ǡ
겻ɢ
ҶҡҡͷȻ˾߰ɣ
˵꣬תȥ
У˾һ۱£ţСʶ֮ܣųƱ޵Ĳ֣һٺ١
䣬ת첽뿪˴
˾뿪֮ڵУͻȻһӡ
¿ӣ΢΢ҡͷ鲻鵽һ¡һ䣡
ԣ˫΢Уģ
΢΢ͷȷԼ󡣡
ɱһ壡
ͻȻһ˿ЦݣЩ˼
ӵСӦ֪ͨˣΪβ뿪ԳǣöԷǷ飿
ҡҡͷұԼرޣĶԿУһǶаȻΪһ˵ǡ
ӵ㣬ǵ˾ҵС㣡
΢΢һЦֻ˾ҵС㣬˾ҵӡӡ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼ㣬˵һһٸΣ
ţ
԰ҲԸšޣţ

˹˾ɫޱȵ
Ҷһ˾Ȼôˣ
˾˾ҵӣͲôˡ
ϧ㲻ǣҶ̲ס¡
˾亹һһãٻҵӣ㣬˾һӶû㣡
ҶЦЦȻתͷһǴֵڹһʱ䣬Ͳôˡ
˾ͻȻߵҶǰ㾿˭
ҶôͻȻ⣿
˾ûʲôֻǺ棡
ҶԺͻ֪ˡҡ˵⣬ͻȻתͷһԣ
ռ΢΢һܿ죬Ҷ˾һۣţʧԭء
һᣬһۡǰ
ʱһ߳Ҷ˾ǰһƣλ롣
Ҷʲô˼
ߵҪȥɽ
ҶһĨ죬֪
ߵүܹ£ү档
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷҪʱ˾ͻȻסֱۣ㲻һ𣿡
ҶЦЦ˭ҸڿӣҾ͸ڷأ
˵꣬һǸС
ԭأ˾㶣Ȼһ

Ҷ˾ս븮Уһӱӭ˳ӴԼʮ꣬ò㣬϶Цݣӭ˾С㣬λֵܡҽ£ҽ̱룬Գǵүλղżı£µĽ㣬׽㣡
룡
˾һ۱룬Ȼҿɲ֪иӣ
ЦȻ˶֪Ҹҽ㣬ң²ţϵҽĺˡ
ʱҶȥɽ
˵ͷЦȻ
Ҷ
Цҿʵպܻе鷳ʱϣְֳҶ½٣ô
Ҷһ۱룬Ȼã
ЦǾͶлˣ
˵ţóһöݵҶǰȥţȻóԷ̫⣬Ӧþܹȥˡ
Ҷָһһ˱ǰ´ϵң
˵꣬˾תȥ
ߺ󣬱ͻȻү壬ñŵλһ£ô˷ˣ
ô˵˷أЦ
ߵˣ˾ҵСȻݲһ㣬ǣȴûʵȨүûκΰλӣʵܲˡֱԣүҲ̫İپԱȲϱλ
ЦЦȻϽǳĳЩ棬ϵҪǣ̫עĵʧˡ˰Ƶ̫Ǿûʲô˼ˡ
˵ʲôȴʲôҲû˵

Ҷ˾뿪ۡѸٳŸȥʱ˱š
ţ
ߣ
ǳĸߡ
Ҷĵһӡⱱǧɸߣ˵һЩɽûǽߡߣǳʵǺʵĳ̶ȣһƲ
壡
ǣҶѾ˽ʵ
Ҫȥ壿ʱ˾ͻȻ
Ҷ˾ô
˾ԥ£ȻǱߣΣյġ
⣬ΣҶ
˾ҡҡͷǰҾֻ崳ΪҼԵʣҵӣΪҡҾãֻ£Ҹ޷ɳԣҾȥ崳
Ҷ洳ġ
˾ĥѣɳ˵⣬Ҷ㾳빬ͣǣսһҲ򲻹㡣ΪʲôΪǴսģǣսʵ̫̫ˣ
Ҷ룬Ȼ߰ɣ
˵ţȥǳʱͻȻһصϢֱס
ϢסʱҶʱоԼѹ˰ɽһ㣬ص޷
Ȼгǿأ
סҶָһǱ͸Ʈ˳
öֺϵϢˡһᣬöͻȻʧһʧģǹǿϢͬʱҶǰǳŻ˿
Ҷ˾߰ɣ
˾˵ͷҶ뿪˱Գǡ
Ҷ˾뿪ãһһŮͻȻ˱š
ɨһܣȻɱһˣߣʥʥӣҲøϷ


1893 Ҳų
ʱͻȻŮӵǰ
߿һ۱£ȻСƺӦ뿪Գǣǰġ
µǸһСʣ
ߵҲգ¾ʹ˽ҹС㣬ҶҪǰ壬Си㣡
Ȼû⣡
΢΢һЦȻ̧ͷʣ壬ͷ³ţ
Ĭһ˲ǰıͻȻ˿
ǣ
䣬ԵŮһֱʧԭء
ʧĵطЦݽʧһ壬ô߰
ǮʱͻȻһ
΢΢ͷǮ
ҪУʱǵͻȻֵ
̧ͷʣǵ˾ң
꣡ǵͻȻ
ô²⡣
򵥣
򵥣
ü΢΢ܹ˵λ˵ֿɲװ
ҲҪȥ壿ʱǵͻȻ
΢΢ͷټһѣ׼ȥ
ĬһᣬȻֵðգСģ

Ҷ˾뿪ź˶ʱٶȼӿ죬ܿ죬˵УһƬããɽ
ɽߣ಻һͷ
ɽ
ʱ˾ͻȻǶɽɽľͷǺպĶɽ˶ɽĵˡ
ɽ磡
Ҷһٶȼӿ졣ʱ˾ȴסȻܷɣ
ôҶĿ˾
˾Ȼĵ̣ǣȴǿߣǿߣǿߣϷɣĿ̫鷳ر壬ŵϢǼпܳ֡
Ҷ룬Ȼ˾䵽˵档
غҶȻڼߣȴǳڣǰܿ쵽ˡڿԳˣ
ȷҪҳͻȻ
ҶЦʲô
Сӣϵܣҿ֪ģ
Ҷǰ˵ʲô
һй¶ܣʱʮ
ҶЦǰ𣿡
˵
Ҷˣжг𱨳ǰһʼг𣬵ǣ֮ĳѾ⣬ǰңҴ幦ǶжжȻҪģԣǰʱ뿪
Ĭ˺һᣬȻʱܳˡ
ΪΣҶ⡣
û´ҵλѾ˶ˡڣ廹ûг׻ָҳ壬һʬͷġĲпᣬ¡
Ҷǰ
׼ʱ棬ȵʵ׻ָػҪҵһСȻȻ޷壬ǣа취ȥģ
Ҷ˵ͷȻջ˼ʵУٶٴμӿ졣
ʱҶ˾ͣ
ʱǰһƶ˵Ĵɽ
ɽ
Ľ㴦ɽ
ҶҪȥʱüͷͻȻתһɫìѾü䴦ֵλá
ֵĺף
ҶӦǸìü䴦ʱֱѾסǳìǣ̺ǿȴǽسˣһˣɵľ롣
ʱҶ治ԶһһŮӣŮӣǵҶնһ۵Ůӣ˿̣ŮӵֱѾָ
һ壡
ˣҶɫʱ겻ɢ
Ҷסгì͵ؾһ
ͣ
˺ѿ
Զֳǰһ֮̽Уһźڹ⣬ǳì˴źڹʱʱƽû˰벽
ʱ˾ͻȻСģεǿߣ
Σ
Ҷ˾һмΣ
˾㵵㲻֪
Ҷ˵ͷ
˾ŹֵĿһҶȻһΡ֮ÿһΣǳǳѣˣÿսҲǻķǳǳĶࡣô˵ɣʮһεǿߣܲǿܹԿһΡȻܹԽսĳ
Σ
Ҷ̧ͷԶߣѹ֣оǰߵʵȲԶһεŮҪǿࡣ
Σ
ڲ澳۷壡
ԶߴһҶȻͱӵǿʵȷʵ򵥡
˵⣬ɫͻȻЩ˭ĵӣɱһˣ
ҶЦͷȸһҪɱҵģ
ҶΪ࣬ȴѪ幦Ǿ͸
Ҷ˫΢У幦һƨ£

ߴŭһֱӻһ糯Ҷȥ
ǿֱõ÷ԲǧڵĿռ伤
ò˵ߵƻǷǳֲģ٣ҶѾоһǿѹȸУеҪϢ
ҶһĨǰ̤һһ̣νһն
䣡
ҶĽ£͵رһɾ޴УǿֱӽҶ߸ɡ֮Уʱʱը뽣
澳ζսǿߣ
һԣ˾иޱȡȻҲǴеǿߣǣҪ澳εʵȥǰλߵĻȻǲܵġ
Ϊǰλߵľ磬ǿûʲôˮֵģʵʵǿߣ
Ҷȴܹ澳εľεǿ߶Կ
̫ˣ
䣡
ʱͻȻһըת˲Ӱеɶ
Ҷߡ
ҶڵɵĹ֮УָԶһָɲǼ䣬ǰĿռֱӱ˺ѿţһ˳Ȼնߣ
һĻɫ΢΢һ䣬ֽгìȻǰ͵ؾһն¡
䣡
ҶǵȻɢȻ߱ȴٴαˡ
ʱͻȻ˵ٶ

Ҷʩչ˽򣬶һΣд󾪣ΪҶѾǰҶһģһ
ü䣡
һ֮ԻأߵһθܵΣգ
˿Ĵ⣬ӿת˲Щûеĳì֮Уţ˫еĳìǰ͵ؾһն
䣡
жȻһеĳìֱӻΪ촷ۣ߱Ǳس󵹷˳ȥ
ǣ黹δԶҶͻȻʧԭء
һɲǣ
Ҷٴʩչ˸ղһ
һΣûлˡ
ҶߵԶ彩Ӳԭأת˲ֱӴм˿Ѫһء
ա
ҶתͷŮӣЦҲųͷ̫ˡ
Ůӣ


1894 ʥˣ

˾ȻҶĹȻ𺳡
Ҷ澳εʵɱһûˮֵεǿߣ
ȻȻɱˣǣȴҲˡҶ̫ܲΪǳһʵ
һԣҶĿŮӵϣʱһֻ޴ŮӵҶʱ׼֡
㾿˭ŮҶ
ҶûлشŮӣתǶɽȥ
˾һһԵŮӣ˵ͱʲôһˣΪµġ
˵꣬æȥ
ԭأŮӿһߵʬ壬Ĭ
ƣ
ҶľٶǶһƣ
һᣬŮӽʬȻֻһͬʧԭء

ΪʲôҲɱˣҶԣ˾ʡ
ҶҡҡͷȻֻܲ񣡡
˾
Ҷû˵٣ֻٶ̫죬ԷӵĻ׷ϣԸ⻨켸ҹȥ׷Ȼûʱ䡣
ܿ죬ɽ
ʱҶ𣺡СЩɽǿء
׽ܴ𣿡Ҷʡ
ܴ󣬱˽绹ҪһЩ
ҶΪ廹Ҫ壿
СӣŪһ㡣ܶʱ򣬲壬壡
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
壬壬壬ҵҰĶǷǳġҪͳθĵ̣øԴԣ壬ǣͬҲǡûνĶеֻǿ͹ɽˣ
Ҷҡҡͷò˵˵ĻǷǳеġ磬һʵҪ۸Ǳ塣ˣ֮䣬˭Ҳԣ˯Ҳ
ԣûжԴֻǿ
ܿ죬˶ɽɽɽ·ƶˣһۿȥ޾ĸɽǸɽ֮ҶԼ˳ǳء
֮⣬»ʮλ
ʱͻȻҶ𣬡ȥʮλ֮еҽ鲻ȥ硣
ʮ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻģ
ɽˣһ£ϢСŮޣȻҲǿ壬壬ǣԷصĺܺáҪǱ¶ʱ鷳ܶ࣡
Ҷ˵ͷջ˼ȻԵ˾һ飬һȥ壿
˾ߵˣѵҪһȥɣ
Ҷã߰ɣ
䣬һֱʧԭء
˾æȥ
֮ҶûΪʵ̫ˣڸ˵彣ˡȻٶҲ졣
Լһʱ˼һųǣһþʯɵĹųǡ
Ǳ𱱲Գ˵΢СЩûбԳô£ԵЩҡ

棬岻壬棬ȴǱȲ塣
Ҷ̧ͷȥǳϷ֣ʯǣ
Ҷ˾һۣȻ˽˳Ук˶Щ죬ΪУǼˣЩ˶ģǣЩǲ
ͬ
һ̣Ҷ˵Ļ壬ʵͬһֻΪͬʽֵͬ𣬳Ϊ˳ˣ
ʱҶͻȻͣ˽Ųܿ죬ס˾˵һ԰С
ôˣ˾⡣
ҶԶſڣ˾ʯǣΪ׵Ҷ˾պʶǱ¡
ڱԣһӣҶҲʶڱԳӡ
ôҲˣʱ˾ͻȻ
ҶҡҡͷҪջĿ⣬ͻȻǱͻȻ˾߿˹
Ҷʱ΢΢һһ˿ȡ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻת˾ȥ
ʱԵһͻȻ
ʶ¿Եӡ
΢΢ҡͷʶֻڳһСìܣѾ
΢΢һЦȻԶҶʧλãȻţ˼
С㣬߰ɣʱǹͻȻ
ջ˼˵ͷȻһʧ˳С
ҶûҪڳжҪǣȻ˾ȴͻȻͣ
Ҷ˾˾˫ۻ֪˶ã۾Ҷ֪Ϊˡ
ΪʲôҶʡ
˾յϢ壬ʥż
ʥżҶüͷʲô
˾νʥżǿǿǿĵط˵ĵط˵˶٣Ȼֵ
Ҷ˵ͷЦȥɡһ£ȸˡ
˵꣬Ҷתߡʱ˾ͻȻǰ֪֪ʥżζʲô
Ҷҡҡͷ
˾һʥż֣ζţʥдҪȥΪּǿߣһ£ǲġһ䣬ҲضԼĴУԼ𴫳ȥ˵һĿģΪܹ߱ʲôǣһԵĻԵ
ҶҡҡͷûȤ
˵ţҪߣʱͻȻ𣬡ʥżСӦȥ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
֪ʥʲôǿ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ʦǿߣһ㣬ǣܱΪʥ˵ģ;Ƕ١֪˾ɣͻùʥżҲΪˣ˳ɾ͡ˣ˵еĽҲʥż֮лá
ʥż
ҶĬôȥ硣
֪Ҷ룬ֵСӣȥ磬ǺܼģΪСŮԺܰȫġõĵǣȥ磬㲻ˬҪŪô죡

Ҷûôùɣ
УСϲѧ幦ѧаߣҪɱ⣬ֶ࣬϶ŮʲôϵġˣɱˣܶʱֻҪһССɣеɶҪ
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵԣҽȥǸʲôʥżҲøʲôʥ˴У߱ʲôԵʱʵ϶ܹġ
Ҷ룬ȻǾȥɣ
Ҷ۾ߣȥʲôʥż
Ӧȥˣ˾֮дһ˿ϲ
Ҷ˵ͷȥ
˾ЦЦҪ˵ͻȻü΢һᣬҶҪ뿪㣡
ôҶ
˾һѾѪɫͨǸ˵ģЦûʲôررĿɽĻǾ군ˣ
Ҷ룬Ȼҿɽģ
ʲôɽ˾۾һ˺档
Ҷ߽˾Ȼһ۵ͷģ֣Ǹʲôһ壬ָ𣬻ּģ
ģ˾ʡ
ҶգգۣȻҲ֪ģ
˾


1895 ǲٵģ
ߣ
Ҷû˵٣Ҳ֪һɽ
ţǰʲôһ壬
ϧɽֻڴ˵
Ҷǰ˾Щõǲ
Ҷҡҡͷû㿪Ц
˾׼˵ʲôʱҶͻȻ˷ʱˣ߰ɣȥʲôʥż
ԣڲӦ÷κοʵĻᡣ
ʵ
ûʵʲôˡɲڱ׷Ŷأ
ܿ죬뿪˾ʯǡ
·ϣ˾ҼҵĵַʥżһΪȵĵطһ·̡ˣһΣǿɵСĵ㣬Ϊˣ壬бһЩǿߣ
Ҷʥż壬Ը˷һ
ǲ˽̵ģ˾
ΪΣҶʡ
˾Цʥż֣ʥ봫ԼĴУ˽̣ڵλʥˡȻʥ䣬ǿߣ䣬Ҳ˸ӵġ
˵⣬չһЦԣ磬һĵĹ涨Ǿǣһʥż֣干һ壬һơ
Ҷ˵ͷ˿֣˾ƺҲûʲô֪ʵ̫ˣ˾պֲһ㡣
һᣬ˾֪ŪһȻͨҽз˸ٶȣȻû죬ȴҲ
ڣҶڵأڡ
Ҷ˵һ磬˿̣Сѩһˣ
׼ȷ˵ɶڽ̱
ҶĿɶϣʱɶܿģƺѾ֮ǰЩ顣
Ůޣ򵥣ʱҶԡ
Ҷתͷ䣬ʲô˼
俴Ҷʣأ
ҶתͷɶʵҲоɶ򵥣ָ֮оΪ塣
ʱͻȻڸѧ
Ҷ㵵Ŀ䣬ΪСڣСҽġ
ȻأҶʡ
ȻȻҷ֣ÿֲΪҽһ飬ȫ£һܹоٳ
ҶЦô˵һţ
俴ҶģҸ˵ģСŮ޵ԾԲһ㡣
ҶЦΣǰ㿴棬˭һˣ

ҶЦ֪ǰʲôЩҶں
Ҳǣ
ЦЦһ鷳ѾôˣڶҲûʲôˡծ಻³
ծ಻³
ҶЦЦһ뿪˺
ʵС
Ҷ˳
ʱѾڣգ졣
㲻Ǵǧıˣ𣿡ʱһҶԴ
˾
Ҷһ˾˾ֵǰ˵½磬Ҵûȥû뵽ʶһ½ˣû뵽½ˣȻ
Ҷˣȥˡ
˾ЦЦȻˣôѪ
Ҷûлش
˾ֵûб˼ֻǣѪ幦࣬£֮УǺѻġ
Ҷûϵɱɱţͻˣ
˾
һҹȥ
ڶգ峿ڳҶ۾ʱԵ˾Զɽڣˣ
Ҷ̧ͷȥǰ֮⣬Ƶɽ壬ɽ֮䣬һ·Լҡ
ʱҶͻȻתͷһֻж
Ǵ֮ϣվˣΪ׵Ǳ£
ǣˣ˾üͷ
ʱҲҶˡ
ܿ죬ֻ˵ǰ΢΢һЦλþò
˾СӦû뵽ܹɣ
Ц˾ûΪ֮ǰҡ
ʱҶͻȻ˾߰ɣʵûʱŮīҲ˾ԷīΪ֪Ůīһֲܿ顣
˾ջĿ⣬Ȼҽʱ˼Զȥ
ʱԵһͻȻǰЦЦȻλе㲻òأ
ҶüͷԵ˾ͻȻվ˾ֱӣʲôҲҵĵ
ԣɫʱûĶҾͽ̽㣬㡭
ʱһԵıͻȻ֣ǰλ˾ҵĴС㣡
˾ң
µĻԵļһ漴ȫ˾Ǻܿ죬ֿǽӣдЩζ
ǽӴ˿ɫޱȵѿļ壬Ҳһ壬ǣ˾ңǸûȡ˵Ȼ˼һ㣬ǣֻбǿܹ˾ȡ
ʱ˾ô˵
һȻ˾˱ȭǰ£²ԣ˾СҪƽϡ
˾˵ʲôҶȴͻȻ߰ɣ
˾ջĿ⣬Ȼ˵ͷ
˼ǰ
µٶȱҪ죬˱һɽ㴦СͣΪǰһŴ󵶵ӡ
һϮ£ڷͫһӲݣŶȡ
Զһ黨ȹŮӣŮӿᣬͷһϸСıӣűߣһͻҪĺɫ޴
УһССıӡ
ͣ¿һӣȻµˣ
ۣ
ӽӲ˳һ۱µˣȻЦԭģģһͬʡ˵ţ֣ȻУʮöɾʯ
٣
һĻµɫ̳
ʮöɾʯǺǡҶԣ˾ͻȻ
ҶԵ˾ʲôɾʯ
˾ǳĶ⣬ʮϢڻָһһǿߵʹңһҲֻ顣һȻһھʮ飬Ƿˣ
ɾʯ
Ҷ룬龧϶Ҫܶܶģǲ֪СܲŪһ飬ȻС쿴
ԶǱµʮöɾʯǺǣڣĿ󰡣
𣿡
ЦЦһֶ̣ˡ
һ̣ͻȻʧԭأȻһȴֱӱһ䵽֮⡣
ӣ֮ǰ
⣬أͻȻֱֻ۱ǴӼϵ
һ̣ɫ
Ǳתͷӣħɽ£
ԭҶԣ˾ͻȻ֮Уһ˿𾪡
˭Ҷʡ
˾û˵
ʱɽµͻȻɨ˱µһۣȻǷһĨЦݣԲ𣬸ղ˵ˣʮöһʮöɾʯ
˵⣬ͻȻҶ˾Ҳһ
˾ҶҶʼ磬Ȼʵ飬ǲԵġ
˾˵ͷǲԣ㡭
ʱҶֵ֪ԣԣһ£Ҷǲٵġ
˾㵵Ҳɹ飿
Ҷ̧ͷʣУ˿˿£ҲѾöˣ
˾


1896 ǾڴһΣ
ԶµɫЩ
Щ˽ǿ˱£Ȼ
ߵӵǰЦû뵽ħɽ¾Ȼ䵽٣ʵЩ⡣
ɽ½ڵϣȻбۿű£ֱһ㣬ǲ
ʱԵһͻȻɽ£Ҫǰλ˱ԳǱŮ

ɽЦЦԣСүתߡϧ˲ԣȻӻҪģˣλС͸˿ɾʯˡҿǸ˰ˣ
ɫϣڹ˸ͻȻתͷһԵҶȻǾ͸
ԣĿʱ뿴Ҷ
ɽԶŮҲҶ
Ҷһ۱£ɫƽԵ˾ȴɫޱȵⱱڻˮ
̫ˣ
¿Ҷˣ΢΢һЦû˵
ɽ¿Ҷ˾λǸ𣿡
˾Ҫ˵ʱҶͻȻжɾʯ
˾Ҷ㵵㲻Ҫɣ
Ҷж٣
˾һҶȻʮ飬мҵ
Ҷ֡
˾æҡҡͷǺѵõģңҲѡ
ģ
Ҷ˾Ļͻ㣡
˾ҶãָһһöɽҶǰ
Ҷûֱһ㣬öɽ͵ɽµǰ
ɽ½ӹɽ䣬ɽ֮Уպöʮöɾʯ
ɽǷһĨЦݣҶʶʱΪܣСӣǰ;Ц֮Уźεļ

ʱɽŮͻȻ˵һ䡣
Ҷ˫ۻԡ
¿ҶãȻû뵽㾹Ȼһ¶ûУⰡ
ҶɲԣԵ˾ҲųĬ
ʱɽ¿˱µˣλ˼ҿǸ˵ģڣˡȻҲԳ֣λǳ֣ʱɽ¿ɾͲֻҪˣ
ЦЦ˵㻰
䣬ָһһöɽɽµǰɽ֮Уպʮöɾʯ
Ʋƣ
ȻڱԳʵȨǣʮöɾʯ˵ҲǷǳǳ˵ġǣܲɽ²ߣӡ
ôζҪ׼ɽһս
һĿģʥżɲʥż֮ǰƴܾˣϣҶɽƴܾˣȻ֮ġ
ǣû뵽ҶȻôû֡
Ȼ˳ȥǣ¿ɲһԿˡһɽŮӣȻʱ⣬Һܿͻȡصģ
ɽ̧ͷ򱱲£Цҵţ
û˵ҪȥʱҶͻȻɽ¡
һĻ˵ĿⶼҶϡ
ܿ죬Ҷߵɽµǰû˵֮еĽͻȻʡ
ˣ
˻
˵Ŀ֮Уһɽͷһն¡
˶û뵽ҶȻͻȻ֡
⼫죬ɽȻзҶĽնµһ˲еĵѾͷ

һĴ̶ըڳкȻ쳹˶پʹ
˵ע£ɽ¾ȻҶһسˡɽʱʮͻȻɽµܣȻɽµȥ
ն
ʱͻȻɽµһ̣һͻȻҶǰԶ俪ҶЩֱӱ飬һ̣һҶͷһ

Ҷɫ䣬һһ˳ɫˡ

ֺɽµĵ˲ʱҶĽȴǶˡ
أ
˻δ壬ɽ±ֱӳǧɿ⣬ǰһĽۡ
ɽ̧ͷҶҪ˵ʱҶȴֱӻһʧԭء
ɽͫȻһ˫еĴ󵶶ǰ͵ؾһ
䣡
һըɽٴγ󵹷˳ȥ
ʱҶҪٴγ֣һɽһŮͻȻǰһ̣һ޴ֱӳҶԴ
ȻҶܶûŮӣ½һֱӳɽµǰţʮֱӳɽûȥ
ɽд󺧣˲ؿڵˣ˫еĴ͵ؾһգ
أ
ҶǵȻɢȻɽ±ȴһھѪ󣬳׷˳ȥ
仹δͣҶͻȻǰһ̣һֱӵɽµü䡣
һ˲䰲

֮ǰҶֵڣֻͻѾﵽɽ£
ҶҪҶ
һԣҶǰɽ¿Ҷ˭
ҶûлشһУɽеöɽʱɵС
һö˾ģһöǱµģһöɽԼġ
ҶɽգȻԶȥ
ûҶͻȻͣȻתͷһǱ£лˡ
һ̣ɫޱȵѿ
һ̣Ҷ֮ǰͼˡ˶ˡ
һԣ˾Ǳ£ЦʮöɾʯлСĿˡСԷ
˵꣬תæҶ
ԭأɫ֪ʲô
ԶɽɫͬޱȣٲɷһΣɽµɶˡ
ʱǱͻȻһĨЦݣɽ£룬ɽ¹Ӧòô˰ɣ
ɽ¿򱱲£Цʥżޱȣɽ¹ӣУ
ɽȻױµ˼ԥ£˵ͷȻã
ԣǱϵЦݸӲˡ

Ҿ֪㲻һô˵ˣҶԣ˾Ц
Ҷóһöɽݵ˾ǰģ
˾ӹɽ䣬Ȼʵ˵ǲһʼ׼ٶԷˣ
Ҷһ˾𣿡
˾һҶȻҾǣ
Ҷ
ʱ˾ԥ£ȻֵҾã϶ôưոݵġ
ȻأҶ
Ҫ֣ô죿˾ֵ
Ҷͣ½ŲȻֱ˾ǾڴһΣ
˾


1897 ӣǸö
һ·ϣ˶û˵
˾ʱʱһҶУһ˿ɻ󣬻һ˿ӡ
棡
֮ԵڻҶǺ棬ҶݣҶȻڣ֣ԼûŪҶݣǸӺˣ
һӣ

ʱҶѾڡ
ǲһԼսƷǱɽµɾʯһһһ飡һ飬ζţ˽սҪ⡣
ҶһɾʯҵСףеɾʯݵСǰЦе𣿡
СɾʯڱǰᣬִһɾʯҶڴĿ֮УСҡҡСԴ
𣿡Ҷ
СҡҡСԴóһöӣӣ飬СһֻСצ
ܿ죬Ҷˡ
Сײ첻ɾʯҲ࣬ԣ޷ɾʯ֮㹻õĻܹɾʯġ
õ飡
Ҷ¼ˣպлᣬһҪŪһЩõСסΪɾʯΪСףСϣĳɳǳаġ
СˣһҶصʵ
ˣ
ʱ˾ͻȻ
Ҷͣ½Ų̧ͷȥǰǧ⣬Լɼһ޴ϿȣϿΧһ״ĸɽЩɽԶ˷ǳҵĸо
ȣ
СЩ
ʱ˾֪ģɲ壬ħ壬壬һЩʲô壬֮СĵΪáΪʥżϵشκһţ϶ģ
Ҷ˵ͷ߰ɣ
˾Ҷǰܲں
ҶҲԼĶ֡
˵꣬ƹ˾ǰߡ
Ǹ̥
˾ҡҡͷȻȥ
ܿ죬ȣУʱʱӰӹ
Ҷɨһܣ滷ɽԶԶɽϣɢŵ⡣˽⣬˿˿Ϣ
ʥϢ
ʱ˾ͻȻԭֻһ۵ĵطǣһ죬ͻȻǿ߹עȻ˷֣ȻһʥżϢϧѾˡ
ôȥҶʡ
˾ҡҡͷ֪
Ҷ
Ȱɣ
˾ԶɽڣԭӦ󷨵ģȻѾʧԣʥϢ©ʥ˹Ϊˣò˶ãصžͻԶˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻڵأǵȵȰɣ
˾ҲԣҪ˵ʲôͻȻתͷ˲Զһ
Ϊ׵Ǳ£
¶˾΢΢һЦȻջĿ⣬һһߡ
˾ջĿ⣬ȻҾôװݵģ
Ҷ𣿡
˾ҡҡͷɱңǣ϶ɱ㡣
Ϊʲôɱ㣡ҶͻȻʡ
˾ٺһЦ˾ҿɲô۸ģ˵˾𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
˾һȻҡҡͷԺлȥʶʶ
ʱһһȥҲԽԽ࣬еҲؽˡ
֪˭ʥ˴У
Ҷԣ˾ͻȻʥ˴УеĿɲʥ˵ĵͳٺ٣Ǻö֪˾ɣ˾ʥǴеġ
Ҷ̧ͷԶɽڣʥ˴У뿴νʥʲôġ
ʱҶͻȻתͷԶһ̶תͷˡ
˵Ŀ֮УһԶ
һϮۣ磬һɫǹ֮ԿӣΪɢϢϢǳǳǿ˲ѹȸУ
ƣ
ƣ
ҶһӣȻջĿ⡣
ˣǿҶԣ˾
Ҷ˵ͷɷϣʵȷʵǿɽҪǿĶࡣܵİУ֣ǿġЩûг棬ڰеģǿߣ
һ£ԽǿˣԽ͵ΪǼ棬֪磬ǸǿĴڣˣǵ͵
ʱǱǹߵǱµǰű±˱ȭС㣬ûɣ
ЦԣʵΪʲôôŵ
ЦЦȻ·˼۵ǿߣˣ
Ŷ
µҲ²£ǼλӦѾȫʧ˰ɣ
ЦǿߣöԷһ
Ǳ˼Ȼɱǿߣ
Цϲ֣ʵˣ
ЦЦֵһᣬǷǳġǰʥż⣬Ҳʶʶĳ
µֻԸԳġ
ǲ
ʱԶɽͻȻһ
һ̧̣ͷɽڡ˵ע£ɽͻȻ߷ֿģɽڷֵԽԽ󣬲һᣬһɵĵ·ǳ˵ǰ
гһ˲ͻȻһӰͻȻͨӶȥ
ʱҶȻ򣺡Ҳȥɣ
˾˵ͷҶǵ·ȥܿ죬ͣΪǱһ˳ǵԡ
´һҶ˾ȻЦλʥ˴ãǣãλأ
в
µĻ˾üʱҪ˵ʲôʱҶȴͻȻ߰ɣ
˵꣬Զȥ
˾俴һ۱£Ȼȥ
ӣ
ɫЩˡҶǳӰ
ʱڱԵǹͻȻ£жԹ
µʲôԹֻǱ˿һѣûϵշ
շ
ЦЦôշأ£ѽ̫Ҳ̫ãȻܺãúʱ򣬻ǵúȻ˼Ϊ۸أ
³Ĭ
ʱͻȻļȻЦΪΪ
䣬һֱӳҶ˾ǰ
Դһ˾ҶȻЦϲ˼ƽϣǣⲻ˾Ϳ۸ʲôҲ֪ڣλǰȻϴԭǣôҾͷһ·ͬ⡭
ʱҶͻȻ˹ԵĻӣ
üʲô
ҶߵǰֱӹԣӣǸöϣҲУ
ԣ


1898 ֣ܶƱƣ
ɫ˲
裡
һΣ˵˵衣
Գǰһ˿̣ҶѾֱܽҶҸղû˵һ飡
Ҷԣ˾˵ʲôҶȴͻȻȻţ֣ܶƱƣ
֣ܶƱƣ
Ҷ˵ķ
£ҶͻȻνһն
Ҷһ̣ɫ˲Ǳˡ
Σգ
һ̣ȫëȻ
Уˡ
ڣվһˣӦµһ˲˫ͻȻཻȻͷȥ
˫֮ϣһ׽ɫĻۡ
أ
˵Ŀ֮£ǹֱӱǧɿ⡣һͣǱһĨѪͬʱ˫ϵǶԽɫֱۣӹѵ䡣
˿Ҷд𾪣Ȼǻмɵ
Ǳµ˴˿ҲڿҶУ˼ɵȴûУɫƽ
һǹԺҶеĽǹȥ
Ҷִӱó˳ǹȻǺˣվɵһýֺͷ붼֪ǰˣԲһˣ
Ҷͣ˽ŲûйԣǿǱ£Ĭһ˲ͻȻһЦȻŽűȥ
һĻǱ˫ֻԵļˣҲٴУ䱸ޱȡ
Ҷӣǹɫѿˡرڱǰ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻҽ͵һ壬һ׹⳯ҶȥҶǰɵľʱųǹԿжҶ͵ؾһ̡
Ҷͣ˽Ųһ̣½һת˲ֱʧԭأٴγʱѾǹԵǰţеĽǰ͵ؾһ̣
â
˵ע£ҶĽԵǹֱӵķʽһ
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ȻʱԶĹͻȻһĨһ̣˫гǹ͵ضҶλþһ
ǹգ֮Ŀռֱӹѿ
Ҷٴͣ˽Ųתٽһն
أ
һֱӽǱǹɣһ̣ҶȴͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǹԵǰһ̣ʮֱӳǹԵܡ
תǹֱӱû
˿̣ҶȴҲʧԭأƬ֮С

УͻȻһĲҽ
ţʧţһһѪܵͷƬ֮˳
ӣȻҶǿͷǹԣ
ˣ
ˣ
ҶһеͷȻҡҡͷֽ䶪һԡţҶеĽǱȥ
һĻ˾ƤһֹֹҶģΪⱱ¿ɲܹɱģɱǿ϶Ҫµġ֪Ҷ϶ںģ
Ҷһ壬ɱⱱ⣬Ҳûбһ٣
ԶҶͣʱǱʮɾ롣
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¿ҶãȻչһЦ˵ʱҶͻȻǰת˲һֱӵü䡣
ף
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һ¸޿ɷ
Ҷֽű£Ȼɱ㣬ʱԣ
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С飡
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ɳĬ
߼ɱһ壬Ҷ֣һˣô𣿡
鲻𣿡µ
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˵⣬򱱲£Ѿͷᣬʢǣܹȣ֪֮󣬲ڼȥ˲̫Թǣ֪ΪУɱɱ㣬ʱضֳǱԳǣͻһУ
һȻ˵ͷҴˡģҲ
һĨο룬ȻáȻұԳҲ۵ģ㣬Ҳ̫ˡԳǣĺܣ
µ˵ͷˣ
ߵȥɣˣȲˡˣСİǼһرףѾǧҪСĴˡ
ҲˣһĨ졣
ߵ˵ͷɣħΣѾˡԣСĵɣ⼸һЩڰеģ֮СĵɡסҪ
̧ͷԶ

·ϡ
ΪʲôɱǱ£Ҷԣ˾ͻȻҶ
Ҷͣ½ŲȻ˾ɱͷɱңɱңϵɱң붼ͷʹ
˾


1899 һɣ
ʵԭǣʱɱǱ¡
ΪŮôһıûУڱüһ̣ѾܵһסĽ
ߣԱ±
Ȼƴаջɱµģֻ̫ʱˡңǰе߱ض֣Ǳ
ϾŮ˿Ů
Աǿߣ϶ǲŮҵġڣ֮ʥżȻȥѰС϶Ȼһ㣬ҲȥСߣûа취Ը㣡
ˣ߾ϢʱҶûоܾ
˺ô֣
һᣬҶ˾ͣǰ棬һųǡ
ǷǳĹϣǱȴǳĺáǲǺܴ󣬱ȱԳҪС̫̫࣬ǸҶĸоȴǱȱԳǸĸоҪ𺳣
ΪյģǣʲôյģǿһϽ
Ͻе㳤һ㽣ʮĽڵϣĶǶǵмλá
һǣ
ʲôҶԣ˾
ҶϸһǽͨͨûκγɫĵطȻҶȴףЩԼ򵥣ƽ
ջĿ⣬ҶǳţϷ֣ӳǡ
߰ɣʱ˾ͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˾һ߽˳УУ٣ģõóпԵЩɭ
ֱеʱ˷֣ʱѾۼˡȻɫЩÿ
Ҷ˾пȥУտҲʲôҲûС
ճǣ
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬡ĳȻһճǣ
ճǣ
Ҷüͷɨһܣֱûô򵥡
ģ˿ʼЩ˲û뿪Ƕڰ۲졣
ҶɨһܣȻߣ
˾˵ͷҶһ˵Ľ䡣
ҶԼظСһ
˾ɻ
ʱ׹һһԲཱུСһҶǰ
СһȻСף
С׵һ̣˾˫۶ʱ־ҪȥСס
Сתͷ˾ȻһֻСצס˾֡
ܣ
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˾
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СգգۣȻɨһܣָָұߡ
֮ǰķ
ҶС׾ǱߣһԵ˾æȻιСһģҲҪȥһ
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ܿ죬Ҷ˾Сٴ˿̣Ѿûʲôˡ
ҶеСףСգգۣתСԴһܣĿ˴Ϸǽϡ
Ҷ˾Ҳǽڣǽϣ⻬羳ûʲô֮
Ҷ˾ֿСס
ʱС׷ɵǽϣҶ˾ע£СצͻȻ˫ĴģţֻСȭͷ͵һȭǽϣ
ȭͷǽϣûκζ
Сգգۣ˿ԼȭͷȻǽһȭ
Ȼûж
СתͷҶСצָָǽڣֻԼȭͷΪʲô
ҶɫЩΣԥ£Ȼȭͷ̫Сˡ
Сգգۣ˿ԼȭͷһЦȻСһУʱҶеĽֱӷɵצСֻСצŽתǽھһ
ͣ
һ£ʱҲ
С׿˿ܣȻæ˵ҶļϣҲĶǽڡ
ΪΧʱ˳ˣܿ죬бǾۼ˲ʮˣѸٸ
˵ע£ǽֱӳһѷ졣
ģǽѵԽԽ󣬺ܿ죬һ˵ǰ
һĻ˫۶ʱ
ͻȻһӰֱӽ֮ͨС˵һˣܿеڶˡ
һᣬֻʣҶ˾Сס
ôȽȥ˾ʡ
Ҷʥ˵Ĵô׻𣿡
˾˵Σգ
Ҷ֪ǣ϶ô򵥵ġ߰ɣǽȥ򣡡
֮ͨ󣬱ж졣
ǰһƬ֣߾ͷ֡
ܷɣ
˾̧ͷһۣȻص
ǾߣҶ
˾˵ͷ˼ǰߣֺܴҲܳܿ죬Ҷ˾ͣ
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˾Ȼûô򵥣
ҶɨһܣȻ߰ɣ
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˾ҪʱͻȻֱѿת˲еٶȼ죬˾δӦѾü䡣
ˣ
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ʱһ˾ü䡣

ֱӱҶһ顣
ȻʱΧһƬֿʼһ̣Щ־Ȼȫεض
Сӣ
ʱҶ˺ǿɿʩչ˻Ѿﵽų죬ǸСЩ
壡
Ҷɨһܣת˲еĽͻȻһɨ
ͣ
ΧЩֱӱնϡȻٵȴ籩һ㳯˾
Ҷɫ䣬ǰ̤һһ̤ʮͻȻܣһ̣ݺᣬЩһ޴Ĺ˸
䡭
Уһը𣬴ԼһӺһͻȻг𣬽ţǵֱûǰһƬֵ
䣡
һƬֱը˿
ޣ
һڳ
ԶɢҶ˾˳УҶ̧ͷȥǰԶվһŹȹӵŮӣ֮Թ죬ΪŮӳȹϣһֻޣצ˶ɡ
ŮӳشԼʮ֣ڽ£һĲɫСߡ
ģ
Ҷһ۶ԷȻ̧־һ
ͣ
һֱŮӵǰȻŮӲûг֣µСͻȻ̧ͷһֱ̣һҶǵֱӱǱ˸С
ȴûа飬¶һ˿⡣
һĻҶüͷ

ʱͻȻСӣɲ򵥣СЩ
Ҷ΢΢ͷҪٴγ֣ʱϵСͻȻļȻСצָָԼ
Ҷ㵡
С׵˼ǣ
ҶʱСѾһŮƵķɹȥˡ
׼ȷǳ߷ȥ
СĿϣ۾֮У˷֮ɫʲôһ㣡
ܿ죬СͣţóһöɾʯߵǰȻСצԼ˻ӣ˼ǣһɣ
Ůӣ


1900 ϵȥ
һɣ
С׵˼
߲Сɽһ̣С۾ˡΪ棬ġǿԣɽͲˡ
棡
ú棡
С׵ʱ뷨ȻʼֹҶ֣ΪҶһ¾Ͱ߸ɱˣ
ű˵湴˵ĳ£ҲСܹĳˡһôֱ׳
ɫС߿һǰɾʯȻֿСףûйСףҡҡͷ
ܾ
СգգۣתͷһҶҶʼ磬ʾΪ
ܿ죬СתͷŮӣԥ£óöɾʯ˿УȻָָɫСߡ
Ůӵ
СûзСצַܿ죬öӳצС

Ҷԣ˾һĨȣ㾹Ȼⶫһö
Ҷ˵ͷȻԶԶŮٴҡҡͷ
СգգۣȻɾʯţĿɫСϡԥ£СצҪȥץɫСߡ
ϵȥ
С״˿̵뷨ΪǵĶģ
ҶȻС׵ͼæС׵ǰֹСףȻɫˣҪ֪˿̣Ҫúý̽СףȻСһֱҪ졣
СգգۣȻҡҡͷ
ҶСףɫ˼ҵģԲԣ
С׵˵ͷʾû顣
ҶֵȻ˼ҵģôȥ˼ҵأ
Сգգۣ룬ȻСצָָԶɫСߣָָԼ
˼ǣҰϵҵˡ
С׵˼ҶߣСʲôʱѧǿ߼ˣ
Ҷ˼Ȼ˵ĶǱ˵ģҪ
ССצҶ֣ȻСצճȭţʼš
ڶҶ˵˵ģȭͷľе
Ҷ
ûˣ
ҶͷˡС׵СȻȽȥԺ˵
СЩĿһɫСߣûȥǿˡɵҶǰȻԼĶͷ˲Ҷıӣţһ˺ڣ
С׽Ҷ̧ͷԶŮӣʱŮͻȻŵϢ
Ϣ
ҶһŮӣѹֶԷڶ֣ŵϵϢֻǣص˺ãԷôֵģ
ͨ
ʱͻȻͨ飬ղųʱӦܵģ
ҶһɫСߣȻŮӣ˵ʱԵ˾ͻȻǰ˰ף
˰ף
Ҷ˾Ů˸ʲô
˾ֵϲѪҲĹ
ŮӿһҶһĨת˲תһʧԶ
ղʲô񣿡Ҷʡ
˾ʣ֪ʲôǰ˰𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
˾֮ˣǰ˰ףˣݲ£Ҳܵżܿˣǿ߰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷҲ˷ʱ䡣
ٶȼӿ죬ܿ죬߳Ƭ֣һ·ϣҶ˼ʬ壬Щʬ壬ȫġ
ȻŮɱģ
ʥż壬ȥͬᱻôԴģ
Ҷԣ˾֮䣬ֻҪеᣬͻɱңɱ㣬Ժͻϰˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ̧ͷȥǰһɽ
Ⱥɽ
Ҷüͷôʥż
Сף
Ҷ뵽СףæС׽˳ǰСףҶЦеСף쿴б
СգգۣȻСצ
ܿ죬Ҷߡ
С˵Ǳ˵ģã
һ
ҶͷˣôС˵أ
һᣬҶղǸһ𣿡
СգգۣȻҡҡСԴ
ҶͻȻСױȻԺ˵ǶԵģǶԵģ˵ǴģǴģû
Сף
ҶС׵СƨɣȻ쿴б
СһЦȻᣬܿ죬۾ͻȻһţСצԶұ߾һָУ˷֮ɫ
ñˣ
ҶСָŵķ򣬡ߣ
£Ҷֱץס˾һʧԶ
һ·ϣûʲôˣȻߵ·һϾƫƧĵط
ԼһʱҶ˾ͣ
ǰһɽɽߣɡ
СָָǰɽȻҶ
Ҷ΢΢Ĭת˲ɽȥʱɽͻȻһţɽɽͻȻת˲ɽڿʼ䡣
Ҷ˽еĽһ˿䱸
ɽԽԽ࣬ܿ죬һĻҶ˾ǰ
Ļ״һţ
ţ
Ҷһ˾˾СЩ
Ҷ˵ͷȻߵǹĻǰȻһǹĻ֮ϡ
أ
Ļ΢΢һȻһ鶼ûУ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ĬϢҽ͵һ壬˻һǹĻ֮ϡ
أ
ĻٴһȻĻȴһ¶ûУ
һĻҶüͷĬһᣬҶ׼˾ʥʱСͻȻǹĻǰţСצҪǹĻȴǱҶֹ
СתͷһҶȻһЦţСצһ
СצǹĻ֮ʱǹĻʱ΢΢һţҶ˾Ŀ£ǹĻȻ˿
һĻҶ˾һۣҶСףΪʲô
СգգۣȻСצ¡
о
С׵ıЩģҶ˼
С׶ΣǷǳеģֻҪΣյĶǾԲȥġղţоǲΣգΪʲôһ£ǹĻͻֿҲ֪
ҶС׵ԴȻЦǽȥ
СЩʱ˾ʥż϶ôƽġ
ҶЦȻ
ܿ죬Ҷ˾˽ȥСףѾҶ͵˺ڡ
ΣգǽȫһЩ
Ҫ̤ɽʱͻȻҶͣԵ˾תͷҪ˵ʱһͻȻٺ٣֪϶ջ񣬹Ȼлʥżλã
벶
Ҷ˽еĽȻת


1901 Եȣɱˣ
˾󣬲֪ʱˣһŮ
Щ죬ʱʱ֣ûа㲨ʹҶҲоԷĴڡ
Ϊ׵һŴɫ۵ӣӿᣬֻжʮ꣬ͷܳȴǱһԵҡ
⣬ϣɢһʥϢ
ӿҶ΢΢һЦлֵܴ·ڣֵܿ뿪ˡ
ҶЦЦҪ˵ʱԵ˾ͻȻ¿ǰɣ
һĨ죬Ŀ˾ϣ֪ң
ӳϣ˾ɫʱҶɣ֮һһһۣʥܣЩˣһ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼּˣǿһǿܱȣ
ԶǰͻȻЦû뵽֪Ļ̸ͦ࣬£ӦҲһ㣬ӦʲôʶʱΪܣԣԼߣأ
˵ߡʱ
˾תͷҶҶͻȻЦˡ
˾ס
ҶЦǸط֪Ҵʲô𣿡
ʲô˾ʶʡ
ҶҴ֣ǣ
˾
ʱҶֵҶУνȵģ
䣬еĽǰ˻ȥ
˾ֱֱıӰУһĨǰδеɫʡ
ţ
ҶӴ֣Ҷǳţ˭ţţд
ӡУֻһˣˣݵĸסǸһֳ˾ң˾ɾ͵ˡ
ԶҶֽŰȥʱԵһվ˳
û˵Уһɫ«һ̣һɺɫͻȻӿɺɫһľҶû
о綾һԣ˾
ȻҶδͣ½Ųܿ죬ǺɫֱӽҶû
˾ɫ䣡
ˣ
ʱһͻȻ𡣺ܿ죬һֱӽƬ˺ѿһ̣һӰӵǰת˲һһն¡
նν
ʮնν
һնνȻûýӳ֣ȴҲԻء
мһ֣֪ûС
Ҷһĳ֣õðɫһ䣬رҶǰӣһ̣ͫҶһɵжôĴ
һĺܿ죬޿ɶ㣡
أ
£˵Ŀ֮Уֱӱǧɿ⡣
һͣбھѪˣ嶼ڲš
ղһֱ˵
ҶһӵǰǰһöƾӵĶղţһ඼⾵Ӹܡ
Ҷû֣Ҫٴγ֣ͻȻһӰɨٶȼ죬ӦʱǵӰѾǰ
Ҷٽһ
أ
һըǵӰɶء
ҶǺӰȥӰһӡӵˣǰԵһŮӡҶ˶ԷһۣȻЦΪҪһһأ
Ůеıӣһ̣еıһ߳Ҷȥ
ʱһͻȻƳա
ͣ
ֱӱһΪһ̣ŮӵǰʱŮӵͻȻһذףת˲âһҶǵֱӱ˺ѷ顣
ǣҶѾǰţһֱӳһն¡
أ
£Ůֱӳǧɿ⡣ͣ£ֱֱӴӼ
Ѫ
ա
ҶһֱĬİɣˣ
䣬Ҷ̧־һ

ͻȻ֣ȻһɲǼ䣬ҶǵֱʧӰ١
ɿҶһΣҵЩ͹ˡһλᣬڹܻһ
Ҷǣ˷Ķ֣ɻûг֣
ߣ
ʱһԵŮͻȻѰİɫСãһҪ
ʱҶͻȻתͷŮӣС
Ҷ㣬Զ˾Ƥһһﶯˡ
ŮӱҶôһҲһҪ˵ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
ŮɫȻ䣡
Ҷʧһ̣Ҳ֮ʧԭء
أ
ͻȻһըţǰɻصԭλϣһѪۡҶȴѾŮӵǰ
ŮȻԴУذ͵һС
һУ죬׼ݣ
ȻҶ죬׼ݣ
һ
ͣ
һͷ­ֱ˿С
һĻԶİɫʱ
£ֶ̧Ҷһơ
䣡
ҶΧռһת˲Ҷֱӱһص˰ɡǣһͣҶȴҽ͵һ壬ֱӻһ⳯ǰɱȥ
һĨֻ̧Ȼ͵һ¡
һ̣ǰĿռ·ʲôѹһ㣬ֱӳһ޴Ŀռӡӡ
Ҷصԭλصԭλ
Ҷ˿ԼǰǰһӡӡͨռֱӴǰġ
ܹ죡
ǿޱȣղһƣˣ

ʱͻȻǰ̤һȻնҶһƣҶͻȻһԭڵĿռλñǶһռӡ
Ҷ΢΢һ̣ͻȻһֱӳǰɵǰת˲һ̳
ɲûжһĳ
ȻԼ㹻š
ƸһӴΧĿռǾһʱͻȻʮһ̣ݺᣬЩֱӽҶɸû
䣡
ͻȻһǿЩ֮ӿ˳һ˲䣬ЩȫɢͬʱһӰз˳ˣҶ
Ҷ̧ͣͷԶԶϣ˽ʮˣ˿̣ͷһɫȦ
ղţɫȦ˵ģ
ƣ
Ҷ㾿Ǻˣ
ҶһЦ£
һĨһֱ̣ӻһ⳯Ҷȥ
⣬ϸţë
ǿ쵽µ
ҶûзӦֱӱС
أ
Ҷֱӱɿ⣡
һԣ˾סˡܿ죬ֻսü䣬ͻȻһӡǡܿ죬ӡʧԶҶλãУţ
ΪԶҶһ¶ûУҲ˵һ¶ûУ٣ɫǲ԰׵ġ֮⣬ûκεˣ
Ҷ棬ǰɫޱȵѿû뵽ҶȻǿ̶ֳȣ
ֹǿֱǿֲ
ҶԼǰȻ󻺲ǰɣҪٴγ֣ʱһͻȻɽ֮дɣ
סܿ죬ǰɫһϲ
Ե
ĻԵ
ȻʱһԵҶȴͻȻԵȣɱˣ
䣬Ҷֱӻһ
ˣ


1902 ʥϢ飡
ɱˣ
ҶҪɱˣȻǰɡ
һʼСƵǴеܣ˽ʥżԴˣû̫뷨ڣСҵбĵطȻȴ֮
Ҫ֮ҪԶʳ
ҶǳĲˬ
ȻԶʳҾûúȣ
ҶȻҪ֣ǰɫȻһ䣬û뵽λǿ߿֮ҶȻҪ֣
ûж룬ΪҶѾǰ
˫ȻԼǰһ
ȻʱһصͻȻ˳УʱǰͫȻһ㣬򡭡
ĻҶӭͷһ
նνǸղŵնνȴѾʵı仯
һ£
ͣ
ǰ˳ɣһͣ˫ͻȻѣת˲ֱֻӹѳƬɢڵ档
һ˫֣
Ҷδ֣ͣһҪٴγ֣ʱǰͷĽͻȻƮܿ죬ǵͻȻһƬɫҶȥ
Ҷ˫΢Уһһ⽦
䡭
ʣһը쳹Ƭռ
ҶĽԽԽ٣Ҳϳˡ
Ҷ˲ǧɺЩȫʧ
֮ʧģǰӡ
ղǵ⣬ǰֶΣڼЩ޷ɱҶʱѡˡ
ߣҶüͷ΢΢һ壬Ҳûȥ׷Ϊ˷ʱ䡣
գ
ҶתһԵ˾߰ɣ
ʵжǿ˾ͻȻʡÿΪҶѾȫȻʵҶÿζܹϲ
Ҷһ˾Ȼأ
ң˾㶣Ȼʲô˼
Ҷ΢΢һЦû˵ʲôһ·˾̫͵͵˺ĴڣǣҶһֱ֪Ů˲򵥡һĴС㣬һ򵥵ˣδҲ̫Щ
˽ɽ޻
ɽ֮Уڣܣɢŵӫ⡣ܿ죬ͣ
ǰԶһߡ
ʱ۾һҶ˾ĿҶϣܿ죬üͷ΢΢ɱ⣬⣬
Ҷһ۰ߣ˵λʥˡ
ܹһۿǿߣĺ٣
һᣬҡҡͷҼ֮ǰСһ𣿡
Сף
Ҷԥ£ȻС׽˳
С׳ֺܣĿߵϣȻһ·ɵߵļϣȻߵļ
Ѻã
ҶһĨȣΪٿС׶һ˵Ѻã
΢΢һЦѹܽԭΪ
Ҷԭǰ׼˽𣿡
ҡҡͷȻǣǣƣ֮ˡ
ԣһԵ˾һЦһҶǴ֮ɫ
ƣ壬Ҷô񰡣
ʱСָָҶȻСצ¡
˼ǣһˣ
΢΢һЦΪλ
СգգۣȻһ·ɵҶļϣ߻Сצ
ã
С˵Ҷĺãǳá
һĻҶֵĺϲ£졣
һᣬ΢΢һЦҲǣĺ뻵ÿ˵һ
СգգۣȥȴȿҶҶ˵ͷ
ҶͷСײԥɵߵǰĴߡ
ͻȻַС׵Դϣܿ죬һɫϢûС׵ڡ
ǣҶͻȻʡ
ʥϢ
ʱһԵ˾ͻȻ
Ҷ˾˾һһ˿Ľ֪ʥϢʲô𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
˾ô̫̫ˡ磬һʥϢӰϴ裬ıʡ֮⣬ӵʥϢߣаմô˵ɣһЩаСһﶼûˡʩչʥʵȡУκʥµľ磬ħκħϰ
˵⣬˾ٴһȻֵҪһ㣬Ǿʥ˱ӡ
ʥ˱ӣҶ˾
˾˵ͷʥϢߣζŻʥ˱ӣ˵Сһӵʥһ֪ʥһжֲô˵Сһڿֱɱһεǿߣ֮ϵǿǳһҲ²У
Ҷ
ҵ죡
ʱڣһ
ⰧȻǺ䷢ġСӵ֮ԺǸˡӦ˵Ǹǲܵˡ
ԵҲҡҡͷСԺҪĵսľˡ
Ҷȴ˷ܵĲˡС׻úôúô˷ܡ
һԣ˾ӵĿһСףȻǵļһ
ʱջ֡
СգգۣȻ֪ʲôǶһЦ
ʱͻȻҶܹĸ棬֤лǴƵģȻƿ˽ƣδ޷ҵĴУ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
΢΢һЦΪѾ̳˱˵ĵͳ
Ҷɫ΢䣬û뵽ˡ
ЦЦȻ㲻ܼ̳ҵĵͳǣʶԵ˵ţͻȻһС
һС
֮⣬ǱǵĽͻȻһת˲ǱֱӳȻռ䣬ߵϡ˿̣⽣ѾָС
ʧǶʱ˵ϣû𻵡
߿һеĳдһ˿ӣ˽һλ飡
飡Ҷ⡣
΢΢һЦڵʵӴı֮࣬Ӧǵ۽ףɽףס˽׷Χڣר飬Ҳƻԡ֮µıֻҪʥ˼ӳֹģ˽һ飬öԷıʧȥԣΪ
ö
Ҷ۾С۾ҲԴ޽󣬶ԽжӰ
˽ΪλϣҶͻȻʡ
΢΢һЦ飬飬̫˺ͣԣʱҾĽ⡣Ȼû뵽ȱٽڡֻֻµĿʹʥ˼ӳ֣ɿһ֮
ϧˣ
ҶЩϧҲãԺлᣬһ£
СѣϷи֮룡ʱͻȻ
Ҷߣǰ˵
ЦЦȻҶԵ˾СѴѾͷȥ
Ҷ⣬˾Ҳ⡣
ʱߵżȻˣǾζţҪϷʧˡʧ֮ʣϷĵͳȻܾôˡ
˵⣬ͻȻ˾ѾͷҴУΪɱˣܲк壬Ը
˾һȻԸ
ЦЦȻҶϷ˱ܣǣϷߺ󣬿˻ȡѾͷĴУСѣԸϷȫλã
Ҷ˿ǰĽ˼ҵĺôȻҡͷ
飬Ҫģ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ


1903 Ůˣұˣ
Ŀ˾ϣѾͷǲǺ棬ΪҪд㣿
˾˵ͷе棡
ЦʵеѡǣǼȻܹǴѡҲǶ֮ԱǣϷ˵ЩϷŵġ
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵȻѾͷҲ֮壬ϷһҲζѣ
˾΢΢ͷԭǰѾˣ
ʲô֮壿ҶͻȻʡ
Цһʡ
Ҷʲôȴҡҡͷʱ䲻ˣǿʼɣ
䣬ͻȻƮ˾ͷȻƷ˾Դϡ
䣡
һɴİͻȻ̰ӿ˾ڡ
Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮У˾ϵϢͻȻʼǣܿ죬˾ֱӴһΣ
κ󣬲ûнϢڷǡ
ܿ죬˾ĶΡϢڲ
һԣҶֱ飬װ
˾ڶ̶̵ʱڣֱӴһΣ
۷壬ֱӴһΣ
ȻϵϢڲ
ѹʱͻȻ
ԣ˾˫ַԼСλãȻʼѹԼϢ
ȥˣ
ΪڼǸزȣͺûоȴĸ¥һ㣬պܻᱻһʹ
˾ѹ£ϢԽԽƽճƽľҲελã
Σ
лδߴи˾ģΪԼĹԼĵ뾭飬ЩҪĶ
һԣСͻȻָָ˾ȻҶг˺档
ҶЦЦȻУ֮λСԺͻķǳˣ
СգգۣͻȻɵҶͷȻһֻСצҶͷϣţѧ˫۱ܿ죬һɾСצдȻӿҶ
Ҷ
ڴҶʱСʱʱһֻ۾͵͵һԶߣô
ҶҶûֹСףֻҪС׸˾ͺã
ʱһһȥԶ˾ͷ֮ϣͻȻһССİɫӡǣӡǳ״ǰߣȴԽԽá
Ҷ΢΢ͷһתͷһ۶⣬Ĭ
Ѿ˷ˣ
ʵҲ֮ǰǰߣϸղɢϢйʱ棬Ѿۼǿߡ
Ҷתͷ˾ŮˣĻԵǣһ̣ҲΣհ˿׸ղΪҪæŮˣ
һʱ
׷ͻȻ˿˾۾ߣȻ󻺻ȥʦ
ʦ
֣׷һ˿ο
΢΢˵ͷȻСһ֮У޹ʣͽܡ꣬޽Ҳһ¡֮̽գԪ䣬õĶ
˵⣬һҶ˾ȻЦᣬ޼ޣȻҪһвɹˡ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵
˾ʦ֮ԣ
ЦЦȻҶһУ޷ڶʱȫҲܲסԣҽѧҵȫü䣬Ϊӡ֮󣬱ضȡ⴫ӣʱСѰæһѾͷ
Ҷ˵ͷ߾ܣ
С׵ͷôôԷҪȻǲܾģȻҲ̫ĹЩ
ЦȻѾΣǣⲻֱģˣûӦ֣ܳȻпܱɡ֮һпСˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷǰߣ
߻̧ͷһۣ·𿴵ǿһᣬͻȻСѣ̫࣬һЩϷҲΪֻһԣԣԲ䣬ʼա
£彥
˾˫ϥأͷ
ܿ죬ʧ˿С
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ڵɽֱʧҶ̧ͷֻ֮Уܲܿ죬Ӵ¡
ʥɣ
ʱҶԵ˾ͻȻʦһλˡ
Ҷ˵ͷоóʥ˶Ǻ𣿡
˾ҡҡͷÿ˶Ժ˵Ķ嶼ͬʥˣԱ˵Ƕˣʥˣ˵Ƕˣ
ҶЦЦȻ˾ϲˣ
˾ߵҶԣȻóһö顣
ǣҶʡ
˾ٻ
ҶҪ˵ʱͷͻȻܿ죬һߵӰʣĿ˾ϣ˾ν¶ٻ
˾ֱߣҸ˾ҵʮң
ʲô
ɫȻŭ˾㿪ʲôЦ֪
ʱ˾ͻȻ˰֣Ȼֱߣѻʥ˴У
ʥ˴У
㶣ܿ죬Ŀ˾Ķͷϣӡʱ˲ϲĲãã
ʱͻȻʧȡ֮һˣأ˾߷ӡ
ӿһ˾ü䣬öӡʱһĨϲɫǺܿ죬ɨһܣȻüͷ
ܵ˾
ӳĬһ˲Ȼʱ
˾޵ļ֮أڵλãڱ޵ļ֮ص塣
̫Զˣ
ʱ
˾תͷҶҶ߾ܣ
л˾
ʣĿҲҶϣСܹסСŮ˾£ƾСѷԸһΡ
ҶЦЦû˵ʲôЩġ
Ҳû˵ʲôɨһܣһ˿ǳ
ģ
һᣬӳʧ
Уһʱ䰲
Ҷ໳еСףȻԣȥȥеҪ
СգգۣȻҶĶͷţһ˺档
֪ҶҪˡ
С׽ҶһȻ˫ۻ˭

ʱһЦͻȻڳ𣬺ܿ죬һ˳Ҷ˾ɿ⡣
ˣǰɣ
ɿҶԹ֮ɫΪǻʥ˴УܹųȥǣֻΪױˡ
ΪҶԵʣûܽɽ֮У԰˵ʧһĻԵ֪жҶ
ʱҶͻȻ۾һ̣һصͻȻ˳С

ת˲һڳһ
һɲǣ
һɲǣ
޵н֮⣬Ҷռһ
Ҷһʱǰɫ䣬һɽϯ
أ
ɢȥȻɱȴֱӱس׷˳ȥ
УɿѪ硣
Ȼʱһڽ֮һ
˫Բһ̡
ͣ
Դֱӷ˳ȥ
Ѫ
Ҷ˰ǿԴԱߣգһָֻԶ˾ȻŮˣұˣ


1904 Ҳģ
Ůˣұˣ
ƽȴһɲɵ
Ҷ֪Ӧ˾ȥһ̿ʼкܶܶ鷳
ǣǴӦˡ
СףͷܴĶݣݣȻҪġ֮⣬˾Ҳǿѣ飬Ȼģ
Ҷ˾Ŀһֱϡ
ţԵ
ҶϷֵġһָоǾǣҶûʲôµģԶôţ
ʵΪޣܶʱҪĲʵģη壬ǿʵҲ˰һܶʱԴʵ
ǣҲкܶʱŸʵûϵʵˣںܶʱһˣ
Ϊ˼⣬˼ǣĳ
ȻҶûС
ԣҶϣһƣһη޾޵еƣ
˾ߵҶԣȻҸҪ壬ضᾪǿߣȻ⵽ǿֹԣǱó壡
Ҷ˵ͷߣ
䣬ָһ㣬˾ͻȻһõĽ˾Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻ䣬һɿֲϢͷѹ
˳ˣ
Ҷ̧ͷֻͷһֻɵľ֣ܶĶ˾У̺żǿѹȵ˾ͣ
Ҷ˫ۻһ̣еĽͻȻһ
һ·Ҫ죡
죬ֱֻһֺֻȻɢƬ׹¡
ʱһ˳Ҷ˾ǰ
˵Уȥ
Ҷûκηϻ̧־һһ˲ǰ
ʱͻȻ̽УһƴСľӣҶ⾵ʱ΢΢һת˲һǾ֮е˲Ҷǰ

ҶһĨȣûж룬ٽһǰǵʱɢ
ʱǺֵ˾²û˾Ϊе˼´У˾Կȥ
˾Ѿ˾Ϊˣ
˳ĬƬ֮ͻȻҶʵףǷˣȻ¿֪жʥ˴УʵδضһαؽԼڴ˵أ
ҶЦʵɲö˵ˡ¼ȻҪ⴫УǾֱӳְɡ
˳Ĭһ˲ͻȻһֱӻһӰҶȥ
ԶҶνһն
䣡
һըǺֱӻصԭλãҶҲɵľ롣
ҶһͣǺȴٴʧԭأת˲һӰҶͷţһֱֻҶԴһ£ҶΧĿռֱӱǿѹرΣɼжôĴ
Ҷ˫΢У
£ʮõͻȻҶܣת˲ʮֱӽҶǺû
Уݺύ
Զ˾һƬ⡣
䣡
ͻȻԶһƬը˿ת˲һӰ󵹷˳ȥ
һĻ˾ɫʱһɡ
ԶǺӰɳȥһ̣һֱӳǵǰ
֣
ҶĿģûʩչ򣬸ûʩչһ˲ɱնνǿĽΪЩ̫ˡģǶģжġ
ȻɾʯԿٻָǣҪ֪ڵĴܾڻָʱһʱ˾Ѿûˡ
СĴۻɱˣ
һΣҪһ־ս
ȻҲͨǿߣǣҶ֮جˡҶĽⲫֱֲˣÿһޱȣµʹ澳εҲȲϰ
ڽڰˣ
ڱҶ֮󣬺˶ʱڽڰˣȫѹƣѹƣ
أ
ʱͻȻһըת˲Ǻֱӳ׷˳ȥ
ں˷ɳȥһ˲ҶͻȻָһ㣬һ㣬ǺǰĿռֱ˺ѿת˲һֱӺǺ˵ϡ
أ
ֱӱ䵽ǧɿ⡣һأҶȴٴγǰת˲һն¡
ȻҶˣȻ־ܣһ龵ͻȻͷת˲һǾ֮б
䣡
⧲֮£Ҷֱӱɣ˰ɵľ룬Ҷͣǰѣǣȴûʲô¡

ҶһֲĵطǾ
ԶǺŵôܡ㡭
ʱȻֹΪ
һ£
ǺеľͻȻһȻûз֣ҶеĽͻȻˡ
飡
ҶĽ齣
һ¡
䣡
ǾĽ齣ʱѩͣ˲ɢӰ١£ǾֱըѿƬ
Ȼûֹͣ

УͻȻһĲҽǺܿ죬Ȼֹ
ͣ
һ£Ǻֱӷ˿ѪһΣѪ
ͻȻ
ǰʬ壬Ҷɫ֮Уһ˿ء
ǿ
Ȼɱ˺ˣǣⲢʵ෴Էʵǿ֪ˣ϶ֻԽԽǿ
˲ǽǿʼ
գҶת˾ߣ
˾˵ͷȻߵҶԣҶûУ˾Զȥ
ǰȻûĶ٣Ҳģˣղŷһöɾʯˣ˿̵ú޸Լ
ղűǾӺм£Ȼ˵ҲǺܺܡ
֮Ҫʱ̱״̬
ߵĲ죬Ӧ˵ٶȣһ¶߲塣ҲΪˣе˲ûмų֡ҶĻǹ˳ˣ
ҲҶĿģ
ܳ𣿡ʱҶԵ˾ͻȻ
Ҷʼ磬̫ȷǸ˵ϵҪǹȷܹȥ
˾˵ͷһģ϶˾ҵʮ̣˵һЩչصϼһ֮ǵˣ߱ʲôʥ˳֣Ȼǿ϶ܹȥ
Ҷϵ
˾ЦǺģղǺˣ־Ϳɱʮ
ҶߣŮˣô˵ġ
ʱ˾ڨЦЦʵҲģ㵽ϵͣ˵ǿģ
ҶЦЦҪ˵ʱ̧ͷȥǲԶĵͻȻ˿ţһֻڵǵ֮˳
ʲô
Ҷüͷ


1905 ȫһϰɣ
Ҷ˾ע£ְֻס˵棬ţһԴ˳
ʱҶͻȻٽһն
ˣ
һһֱӳǿԴȥ
ʱǿԴͻȻ۾һ̣һֻɫֱץסҶǵ⣡
ץסˣ
ץ⣡
ǿԴҶһЦȻ͵
أ
Ҷǵʱɢ
ܿ죬Ӵӵص˳ò˵ӳ༫ĳªԴι죬ȫ֮⣬˫˫Ÿɿݵʬ
ʶ𣿡ҶԵ˾
˾ҡҡͷ
ʶˣ
ʱĿ˾ϣ䲻ϴ˾Ưζ϶ˬ
ӵԻ˾üУ˸źεɭɱ⡣
ʱӺٺЦҾϲЩ߸ϵŮˣӿ¡
ʱһԵҶͻȻɨһܣȻĸһͷû˨ãһų۵ģ
ͣ
ҶĻԭüͷ˾ʱЦ
Զɫ˲ʱҶͻȻ˹ȥ˵ģĳĴ˾Ĳˡ

һŭһֱ̣ӳҶǰȻһҶؿڡ
أ
Ҷֱӱ˰ɿ⣡
һĻ˾üͷʱû뵽ӵٶȾȻ쵽ҶûܹӦ
ԶǷһĨʲô⣬ҡ
˵⣬ȻֹΪԶҶһ¶ûС
ҶԼؿڣȻ̧ͷӣò˵ӵٶȻǷǳԵģǿϧ̫ˡǰǺ˶Ҫӵٶȱ֮ǰǺ˿Ķ࣡
ûߴߴᣬҶҽ͵һ棬˻һ
Ҷʧһ̣Ҳʧˡ
ܿ죬мž
ʱҶվԭվλãվҶԭվλá
˵λöԻˣ
ӼЦӱٶȣڻȥȼꡭ
ʱҶٴʧԭأҶʧһ̣ҲʧǣʱҶȴͻȻͣҶͣһ̣ɫȻ䣡
Ϊ֣һصˡ£ٶڱԽԽ
ѹˣ
д󾪣û뵽ԼٶȾȻѹƣʱҶͻȻǰҶһЦһ̣һֱӳͷն
־ң
ͻȻʱһڹͻȻԶڹٶȼ죬Ŀ꣬Ҷĺ󱳡
ȻҶܶûǵڹ⣬Ǻڹĺϡ
أ
ͣ
ںڹҶ󱳵һ̣ҶǰֱӱҶһ˿ҶȴҲڹ˳ȥ
⣬Ҷͣ
˿̣󱳣һڵӡ
ҶתȥǰԶ֪ʱһӣһϮڳֻۣжʮ꣬ᡣֵһ˵ǣӵ۾Ϻɫġ
ħģ
ʱһԵ˾ͻȻ
ħ壿
Ҷһӣǧһħˡ
ħӴһҶȻЦ±ĻҪǿࡣ֪ǿ֮Уƺûи¡
ҶԺˣ
ħЦҲǣ˵⣬ҶԲԶ˾Ȼû뵽ʥ˴оȻ˾СУϧ˾ע˲ʥ˴ˣ
˾Ӧþħΰɣ
ӵ˵ͷǣ˾˾вңˡֱԣ˾Ȼڴ壬ħ壬ٶռ˵ûʲôв
˵⣬ЦЦȻֵȻռҲԸƽ޹ʶһˣΣ˾´ӣȻǰȻȥǽԴϲô
˾Ҫ˵ʱͻȻһԵҶҲĴڣⷬ϶ȥġգҽ֮˵һΣ
䣬Ҷȥ
ң
ҶͻȻЦ
ôε
ҶЦ˵ģëҴʮû⣡
ʮ
ͻȻЦЦƬ̺ҶһЦЦˡ˵ģʲô˵ţ
ҶԵ˾㲻֪ҵʵʵ𣿡
˾˵ͷ
ҶЦЦϧ㻹ǿˣ
ΪΣ˾ʡ
Ҷ֣Ϳˣ
䣬ҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾεǰţһն¡
΢ƣҪ֣ʱһͻȻҶϯɻ˳Ҷ帽еĳ֮ϡ
𽣣

ҶѾþδõҪԭΪʵҪﶼܹɱԼĶ֡
뾭ǣ
ֵһ̣ɫʱȻ䣬һ̣һǹУת˲ǹһɺڹ𣬴ҶеĽ
ȻЩڹڸһ̱ɢޡ
泤ֱ¡
䣡
£пռͻȻһһɿֲԻ潣Ϊĳܷ俪
أ
ǹ֮УͻȻһת˲һӰֱ׷˳ȥ
ӰҶΣ
ҶûиδϢĻᣬɳȥһ̣ҶͻȻһʧԭء
ն
УͻȻҶ
£һ潣ͻȻһն£·ǿնǣնѵصƣ
䣡
һըֱӱ䵽ɿ⡣
˿̵Σȫѿ壬ԴѾѿ·һ⵽ػĴһ㣬ޱȡ
Ѫ˲佫û
ȻҶû֣ͣ˿̵ѾεͷϿգҶ·ЦħţУȵģ
䣬ҶеĻ潣ݲ£
ͫȻһȻԴУһɿֲĺɫڳȻЩڹǻʱ˲仯ޡ
һ̡
ͣ
һֱӴͷȥ
ۣ
ѪĽ彩Ӳ
ҶεһУǽֱӴһѪȻƯҲࡣ
Ҷ̧ͷɨһʣҲ˭ˡֱԣеλ˷ʱˣȫһϰɣ
˾


1906 
һϣ
Ҷ⼤ŭеˣΪˡʱԽǿӲ˾ĴԽкô
еЩˣζֵġ
Ȼˣŭ벻ŭһŭԷһôǾǣðеЩͶֵԽǿӲеЩ˾Խɵ
ͻȻ
һ̣˵ĿⶼҶϡǰˣҪǿ̫̫ˡ
Ҷɨһܣ˳֣˾ߣ
˾΢΢ͷȻߵҶԡ
˼ȥһ̣ߵ΢Щ졣
ǣû߶ã˱ͣ
ǰԶһӡĿ˾üͣһ£ҶȻǷϻҪ˵䡣Ը츳δضǰ;ºαģأ
ҶЦܹزҲףαΪһνʲôжԼԴأ
΢΢ҡͷƴһѣҲ˴Ӵ˸ı䣡
Ҷ˵ͷҲǣôɣ
ͻȻ̧ͷʣλ˲λʥ˴Сңҷ㣬໥ɵʱ֣֮ʥ˴еĹޣΣ
У
ʱ׼˵ʱ˾ԵҶͻȻʧԭءһ潣ڳһ潣֮ռ䶼ֱӱٵ
ҶͻȻ֣ɫʱһ䣬ʶҶʵɲ˿Ĵ⡣УһڵĶƣ֮ϣ˸ɭĺ⡣
ҽ͵һգŶƵȻֱײҶǵ潣ϡ
أ
Ҷǵ潣ֱӱײ飬ٶȲֱײҶ
ѹ
һ̣ҶܵһȽҵѹ·һɽײһ㡣
ҶѾ׼Էڼʶʵ֮󻹸ҳ֣϶ߡ
ûж룬ŶǰʱҶеĽ綾߳һ̳
̶ƣ
أ
һըڳкȻ쳹ҶΧĿռǾһת˲˳ŸԵĺˡһˣ˶ɵľͣ
ȻӸһͣеɫƱֱӹѿ
齣һ飡
Լƹѣɫʱһ۽ƷıȻôһˣ
̧ͷԶҶ׼ȷ˵ҶеǱʱҶѾʧԭأһ̣Ŀ֮УһԼٶѸٷŴš
˫΢УУ˸һ˿һ̣˫ֻ
䣡
һɫϢͻȻϯת˲˫ȭ͵سԼǰһ䡣
䣡
һըڳ쳹ҶǵֱӱȭޣҶȴǳӵǰһֱ̣ӽӸû
أ
֮ڣȭ뽣ԼʮϢһӰǽ֮еɶ
ӰһԵ˾ʱһ
Ϊӣ
ҶӺ󣬲ûҪ֣ͣһӱȥȻʱһӰϮӲͣҶ
ͣҶֶ̧Ͽվһ
أ
ǵӰҶһĵɶء
ʱһȹŮӳ˿УȹŮӣڿУһŻ۵ӣԼһȫֵĺˡ
ʣȹŮӿһҶȻתͷ·Զӣɱˣ
£ȹŮͻȻһɫĳޣһ̣ǺɫֱʳҶһɫ硣
·ҶҪͻȻǸͻȻǣһɵĺɫžֱӳҶҧƣȻҶ
ȻҶȴǲܣǾ̵ھ̵Ҷһ˲䣬һɻͻȻҶð˳һ̡
䣡
ֱȼת˲ǻޣ
һĻǺȹŮüͷʱ
ʱҶѾǰǻδӴǺȹŮӣŮԵǻͻȻҶһ̣һϸţëĺ籩һ㽫Ҷû

Ƭ֮УͻȻҶת˲һֱӽƬ˺ѿٶȲֱӺǻӡ
أ
ǻֱӱҶһǧɿ⣬Ȼڻӱ˵˲ҶǰŮͻȻڿն˫ԼǰһӡɲǼ䣬ҶΧĿռҲ
ռѣŮͻȻڡ
£ҶΧĿռͻȻ˿ɲǼ䣬ͻȻЩѿĿռ֮м˲ǽҶû
顭
һиڳ
Զ˾˫ȭ
ϢЩнʧȻǺȹŮüͷȴ˲
Ҷڡ
˿̵ҶȫﱻиƬйϣҲɫӡǣǣȴѪ
ҶӲ˸ղһ
һĻȹŮӵɫЩѿԭ֪ҶӦòǣû뵽ҶǲǷǳĿֲ
ܴܿ
ԶҶ»һ·Ȼ̧ͷǺȹŮӣת˲Ҷֱӻһ
һɲǣ
һ쵽¡
ȹŮȻзһУΪ֮ǰҶʩչһСˣҶһ̣ȹŮǰĿռͻȻͬʱһⲻǰĿռ
䣡
һڳ
ȹŮǰһƬռֱӳһѷ죬Ǳ˺ѵġȹŮӲû£˿̵Ѿǧɡ
ղҶһӲ
ҶһŮӣȻЩ˼
£̧־һ
һɲǣ

ǺȹŮͫ΢΢һһ̣ΧĿռٴ
Ϣ
ȹŮӳǧɿ⣬һͣǱһĨѪ
ȻסҶһǣһȴɽˣ
ҶǷһĨЦݣ
˵ţҪ֣ʱǺȹŮͻȻһ֣
£ԵǻԼ·ͻȻʧԭأȫҶ˹ȥ
ȺŹ
֣ҶǷһĨЦݣһ̣ҽ͵һ塣
һ˲䣬ͻȻ


1907 ͻ䣡

찵֮԰ΪǹͻȻңԶǿռҶͷ
ǳ
Ҷûʩչ޵нĵƣ֮ԽеƣΪû֪ﱩ¶ƣպĵ˿϶ͻз
ˣȻ˾
ߣǰ⼸Ȼ֣ڱƳƣ
֣һ֣Ĳڶ־ǳǳ˵ԲҪǣ߿Խϣ
ǳ壬Լĸÿֲ
ڵ֣ǾǷҵĽ࣬ͬĵƣױ¶
ǹңԶǿ۶ûҶڣɲǼ䣬Ҷȫһ龧Ө͸Ƭ˫ڣǳһľɫĻ
ʱǺȹŮһֱӴռ䣬Ҷǰ
ҶûжǱӳϡ
ž
жʱһţǸɫֱӵɻص˺ȹŮӵǰ
ҶǲɫƬϣһӡǶûУ
һĻȹŮӵɫ˲ޱ


ʱ˿̣ȹŮе˳ŨŨļɵ֮ɫ
·磬Ҷһת˲ֱӻһ⳯ǺȹŮӱȥ
ȹŮӵ˴˿Ҳû·˼Ҷ˹ȥ
һģ
Ҷľֻ澳ΣֵˣͶһΣȹŮӸΡ
ȻҶȴֱѹ˴
˵ĽУҶȫ˷÷˵ĹϡǣӲס˵ĹĽֻҪһˣˣٵˣ
޴֣
ԽԽ
ģѾ⡣ΪڼȥҶӣĶܹǡ
һߵģӣζûƵҶķ֮ӹѡߡʥ˴ȻջǳǳĴ󣬵ǣһϣûУȴҪȥǿȡɾˡ
ҶʵõԴЩˣѡߣ
ӵߣõǺȹŮѹˣȻҲõ¶˾ġ

ľ
ϢҶͣ˿ֻ̣ʣ˾δȥ׷ˣǱ˾ȥ׷ˣΧĳЩ˵⡣
û°ɣ
ʱ˾ߵҶԣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷȻóöɾʯ¡ʵµġ𿴸ղûƿķǣ˵ǿʵʵϡ
ЩȫˣȻûˣȻܵʧֻǲ
ǳ޵еģ
һʱ
ʱ˾ҸҼǿߣһʱͻϵ⡣
Ҷ˵ͷ߰ɣ壡
˵꣬Ҷָһһ˾Ľ£һֱ̣ӻһʧԭء
һΣû˳ֹ
Ҷ˾֮ǰһĹųǣ˿̣ǳѾأѲڡ
ǲ򵥣ʱ˾ͻȻ
Ҷ˾⣬ӦòǾλ˵仰ɣ
˾֪ʦΪҪǽǣ
Ҷҡҡͷ
˾ѹ֮Уһһа޴ʦΪ˱¾飬ⲼһѹСе⽣һۣһѹаۣ
а
Ҷ̧ͷǳǣУޱȣκε쳣
ʱ˾תͷҶаѾ飬ʦضԹ޵ģȻʦѾ䣬ˣаպпܻѰ㸴𡣡
ҶڿԽշ𣿡
˾ҡҡͷǵסˡ
Ҷʼ磬ŲʲôаʱԷֱӽԷϵȥ˺ʲôùԹſţ
߰ɣҶ
˾˵ͷ˸תȥͻȻһ£ţһͻȻǳлƮһ̣ڿʧ
ܿ죬Ҷ˾ȡ
ڣ˾Ҫ壬ȥǶɽ
Ҫ뿪ʱһŮͻȻ˵ǰ
˼ǵƬּŮӡ
ҶһŮӣȻô
ŮĿֱ˾ϣһ̣˾ɫȻ䣬˫֮УѪͬʱȫͻȻƤ֮µѪͻȻھ·Ҫһ㡣
ǿѪ
ʱҶ˺죬ֵѾͷüģԼ·λá죡
ԣҶиָһָ˾ü䣬ҪһλʱҶЩԥˡλãλãʵЩΣ
죬ȻС椲ҲˣʱͻȻ
ԣҶԥָһ㣬˾·λá
һ˲䣬ԭҲ˾彥ƽ
һĻҶɫһɣתͷǳŵŮӣдһ˿أʵЩ졣
ʱŮͻȻҶΪλѪƽ֮
Ҷûлش𣬽˽еĽҪ֣ʱͻȻһڵơֻаƴСһЩͼΡ
Ǻģ
ҶҪʣʱ
Ҷԥ£ȻʱһףƷɵŮӵǰ
ŮӿһеƣüͷʱãͻȻҶ΢΢һȻƻҶ
Ҷ
Ůû˵תȥ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ʮƣӵʮƣζ˵Բǻˣ˵ʲôԣѾͷɱѾͷ
˵⣬˶٣ֵҲЩ˽ģѾͷ˳ɾͣ˵δضһλǿߡӲƴСӵʵǿԻɱġ
ҶЦЦ뿪Ҳһ£ȻаɱǣҲ򵥡֮ڽԴϲ˵ƾ͸ҰɣպߣһЩ鷳
У
СӣѾʮҵƣܻܿɱ֮ңʱѰ㣬˭ģô𣿡
Ҷʼ磬ðɣ㻹Ҫòų׻ָ
ˣѾܹ壬ֻʱҪ곹׻ָ֮󣬲Ÿ塣
Ҷ˵ͷȻصʵԵ˾߰ɣ
̧ͷԶǶɽɽͳ壡
ʱҶͻȻ
Ԥ
Ҷɫ䣬ͻȻһ˾ļϣ˾ֱӱһĵ˰ɿ⡣ͬʱ
أ
վԭصҶֱӵ˳ȥһɣɣֱײԶĶɽϡ


1908 ʮʹ
أ
ɽһʯ׹£Ȼڵ֮ϵҶû
Զ˾Ѿסһ̣תͷȥԶ֪ʱһߡֳһɫȣձ׷ݺύϵĿ£
ղųֵģߣ
۷ǿߣ
߲ûԼľ磬ˣ˾һ۱ǿ˶Էľ硣
Σǧ棬ǿѾһˡҶȻɱεǿߣǣεĲǿǾ޴ģ
˵ʮûˮֵǿߣûֶΣǿ϶սһûˮֵǿߵģ
ʱ߻ߵ˾ǰԶһ˾Ŀ˾üӡϣʥ˴Уǵ񰡣
˾Ǻˣ
΢΢һЦôҵˣڶĴ֮Ϸͻ¡ϾϷ΢ʵ޷˾ҶԿģ
˾Ҫ˵ͻȻתͷԶǶɽ˾˳ߵĿ⿴ȥֻһʯͻȻܿ죬һ˳
ӣҶ
һĻ˾жʱһɣԲԶüͷ
ԶҶʱЩǱͷɢȫ⣬еһؤȴϬޱȡǰһĹӡ
ߴһҶȻò˵Ϸˡһ̶ֳܹ࣬ȣĺ
ҶЦЦҲˣǿߣȻ͵Ϯ
͵Ϯ
ղűһɣҪԭΪߵ͵Ϯ
ЦɴߣԶСڣ
Ҷ˵ͷе
£ҶͻȻʧԭأʱеĹͻȻ̳

һ̶ļͻȻڳ쳹Ҷֱ˴ɿ⡣
ߣԭ˿ǣеǸȴǳơ
߿һԼеĹȣһĨӣܿ죬̧ͷԶҶҪ˵ʱҶͻȻʮһ̣ʮֱΧ
ݺᣬֱӽû
ɢ
ʱͻȻߵת˲з·һ£ţҶЩȻɢޡ
ԶҶֽгһ˿ء߱ĻҪǿ
Ҷ棬ͬһ˿أ澳ξӵʵò˵ϷͬһױĻϷܽӲϧ㲻Ǹˣ
䣬߳ǰ̤һһ̤ҶͻȻ֣Χ簵һ̣һصͻȻϣֺ˲об
Ҫ˺ѣ
Ҷһæʩչ˽
һһ
ͣ
·ʲô˺ѣת˲Ҷоһɣǹ˺Ҷʱʧ
ǡ򡭡
ҶǰԶдһ˿ţ֮ǰһЩȷû뵽ǡ򡯣ŰΪʥ˴УϷʵǲԸ㽻񣡡
£ͻȻֱӳҶͷһ̧̣͵һƶҶȥ
һƣһ㣬̺ǿֱõҶ޷
ҶһĨɫһ̣ҽ͵һ壬˻һ
ƸһӴ͵رһըţһɿֲм䱬ͬʱسǧɣ
һ̣Ҷȴٴʧԭء
ⲫ
ҶĿģȻߵʵھˣÿθһᱻˡңᱻߵˣ
αεǿǿĿɲһ㣡
ʱͻȻͣתͷһ۲Զ˾ȻתͷҶϷʵûôȥˡ
䣬еĹͻȻʧһֻ̧̣𣬾ʱҶͷƲͻȻ˿ţһָƲ֮˳
ָܣɫ˸
ָʱеĿռֱЩ·ܲסָеһ㣡
һָ֮ǿ˹
һָҶҴ⣬еĽӿ뽣Уӿ룬ǽҲһ̶Ľд
ǸָҶͷʮɵľʱҶҽ͵һء
أ
һţֱõеһ𣬴ǸָĶˣ
䣡
ǸھָһϣһơǣҶȴһĨѪ
Ҷ˫ŽǸֱָϣ𣬴ʱ˿̣ѾʹԼȻûָܹ
ʱԶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǸָĶˣת˲ҽ͵һָ
أ
ָ׹£Ҷֱӱе˴·׹ȥҪʱͻȻʮǸָܣת˲ʮԲͬķʽָиȥ
ͣ
ת˲䣬ǸֱָӱЩ˺ѳƬ
ʱһ𣬳߱ȥ
ʣһĨɫһȻ͵س¾һġ
䣡
ʾһҶǵ˲䱻ɢҶҲһ˵ϡ
գһĨҪ֣ʱһԵ˾ͻȻһӣ
תͷ˾˾ֱߣһڣҸ˾Ҿͻϵӣһ
˾ң
ɫһãһһԵҶֿ˿˾գһȻתһʧʡ
Ϊ޷ڶʱڻɱҶ޷ɱҶҶı˾϶ܹϵ˾ҵǿߵʱɡɣˣ
ԣѡӣ
ȥ˾Ҷû°ɣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷûܵˣֻһΣõʶԼʵ㡣ղߵĽ֣߲սʶ棬棬Ҫǿ
кܶ಻ĵطȾǾ磡
뾡
߰ɣ˾
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˾һʧԭء
һΣûֹ˳˽硣
ɽףҶ̧ͷʣ㸸Ƕõ
Ϣ˾
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˫ۻ
ʱ˾ԥ£Ȼһȥ˾ң
ȥ˾ң
Ҷ۾Ȼҡҡͷһб飡
˾һҶҧҧ촽˵ʲôʱͻȻ̧ͷʣʣʮǿϢת˲ʮ˳ա
Ϊ׵˾ĸף˾׵ʮȫֳ֣ѪɫĳѪɫĳɢ˵Ϣ
ЩˣҶһݣЩ֮Уκһ˶Ҫ֮ǰǿʮ
˾ң򵥰
˾ڣ˵ɫʱһɣת˲ļг˷֮ɫ
ʥ˴г˾ң
˶˾΢΢ͷȻһԵҶлСѣСҪ˾ҵĵطԸܼΧڣزƴǣ
ҶЦЦҪ˵ʱңԶʣͻȻʮ⣬ת˲ʮϽɫ׵ӳʡ
Ϊ׵һ۵ߣ
ʮ˵Ϣ˿ʮˡ
ʮʹ˾üͷ
ɨһ˾׵ˣȻĿҶϣ˾֮ǰ׽ͽҶκ˲ţ򣬽Ϊ˾ΪУ¹֮
һ̣˵ĿҶϡ
˾Ҫ׽õˣ


1909 ƣ
˾ˣ
˵˾䣬ĳ̶ֳ˵˾ʹ壡
˾Ҫץˣ
˾׵ĿȫҶϣдɻ档
Ҷһߵˣû뵽˾˾Ȼʱû뵽һĶǾǿߣһôĶ࣡
һеѰ˰
ΪĿǰʵԲսʤЩ˵ģ
ʱһ˾ĸͻȻ£ǲʲô᣿
߿˾ĸףӦ˾Ҽ˾ɣ
˾׵˵ͷ£
ָҶˣȡ˾ʥ幦ӵѪ˾»ɴ壬ضָʹʲôıԣҵȽ׽ûޣ
ԣ˾üͷתͷҶ幦ӵѪ
Ҷûµ˵ͷ
һĻ˾ɫʱһ
ʱͻȻЦƺӣӵѪ幦ҪǴ˾У˾ҡ
ʱ˾ͻȻ˾вң
ߵңֻ˾ˣ
˾Ĭˡ
Ҷ֮ǰ˾ȫ˾˵һĶ飬֮ǰҲ˵ֻҪҶҪܼ֮ڣ˾Ҷܾ
Ȼû뵽ҶȻ˾Ҫץˡ
ʱ˾˾䡣
˾쿴һ˾Ȼ΢΢һЦţߣ£˶˾ж֪¿ɷ˾һӣŹˣ
Ź
˾峤ˡֱԣ˵˾ңʥֳ汣˶סˣ˾ɱ֮ˣȻ˾ҲϷԳˣ
ɱ֮ˣ
˾üͷҪ˵ʲôʱһͻȻ£˾Ҳ˲֣
˲֣
˾˽֮УҲһ壬ʹ˾ҲҪ˾Ҽɵ֡ǣ˾Ҳȥ޹˾Ͼ˾䡣Ȼÿʲô£˾Ҫɱ˾˾ұضϧһд˾ġ
Ҷֵ˾˾
ֵ벻ֵã
ʱ˾Ե˾ͻȻ
˾˽ǿ˾˾һüͷҪǳ⣬뵽ʲôҪǳĻʱ˻ȥ
ʱ˾ɲ֮ǰ˾ӵʥ˴е˵˾Ҫˡ
ʱ˾ֵףŮܻʥ˴Уѣ˾Թۣ׳ֱȻŮԸҪʥ˴У
ˣ
˾һ鼱֮ŭ֪ʥ˴жҪ㾹ȻΪһ˾ҺɵҪʥ˴У㣬㡭
ʱ˾ͻȻתͷ俴һߣʱȻֹ
˾תͷ˾Ҫ˵ʱ˾ֵŮԲܻʥ˴УײֱŮԸҪʥ˴Уİպһ
˾˫ֻԥ
һԣͻȻ˾Ϸ֪ڴ˵أҪˣϷǾɱġǣϷһ䣬˾ҪΪһ˾Һɵ˶˾ΪУ
˾̧ͷߣ֮У幦Ӧò٣ǣ˾ƺûŪô̡Һܺ棬˾ΪʲôҪɱˣ
ߵϷͲ֪ˡϷȷ߸£˵˾Ҫˡ·Ҫң˾ضưոݣ
˾Ҫ˵ʱһͻȻ˾ʥ˴У˾ұض༸ңʥصżǰشѹʱڵ˾˾ҵĴǣ峤ԴΪأ
˾˫ۻԸ˽Ƕ˵жر˾ԸΪ׼򣬵ǣΪ˾峤һЩϲ̫ĸУΪẦ˾ң
˵ˣ˾Ҳܱ
Ѿ֪˾ľһԵ˾ͻȻҶ˾ԥ£ûгֹ
˾ߵҶǰǸ
ҶЦЦûʲô
ץסңʣ
ʱҶ˾

Ҷ㶣ȻЦҡҡͷá
߲ģ
˾ٴҶ𣬡ЩˣͶεǿߣ˾Ҫɱ㣬ڵľʵӲߡץסңʣȻӵ壬Щ˲Ŀŵ壡
˾ʣ
ҶҡҡͷɲķȻǼٵģǲ
ҶǾܾ˾ʱˣôһ𣿡
Σ
ҶЦЩԼ鷳棬ʵѾϵˡ
˵ţתͷߵˣֻû뵽Ǹʲô˾ɳộ
ߵǰǴĵ͹ˡڣˣ
ҶЦЦҪ˵ʱһԵ˾ͻȻһת˲ֽԼĺϡ
˾ɫ䣡
Ѿͷʲô˾֮дһ˿
˾ֱ˾죬ףȻŮʥ˴Ůһʧ
˾ȻΪвң
˾ֱ˾죬ҵģ˲壡
˾˫ֻʱǽѾ˾Ƥ
Ѫˣ
һĻ˾˫΢΢һȻתͷߣҲ˾кζԹǣ˾жԡ
Ը»Թ۵ĺã
ʱһͻȻʴת˲ӳ˳С
ӽźֳֺۣɫì
һ壡
һĻǶʱһĨЦ
һ֮УΪ׵ĿҶϣ˲幦ӵѪɱһˣҹȻһ壬ˣһɱ֮˭һΪУ
һ壡
ԣ˾ɫʱޱѿ
һԣ˾˵ʲôʱһͻȻĺһ㣬˾һȻ˹ȥ
߿˾죬Ȼҡҡͷ
˾˫ۻϣһᣬ俴ԶһֱĬҶǸ
䣬һӣֱʧʡ
УֻʣҶߵˡ


1910 ˣ
Ҷɫƽ˾ҵߣѾԤ֮С
Ȼ˾ô飬ǣ˾ҾԲΪȥ˾Ϊеġ˾֮ǰ˵ʲôʲôԸ˾ҶƴǵĻûϡ
ϣڱϡ
ΨһȽĵ˾ľٶˣ
û뵽˾Ϊǰ㡣
ߵ˲ûг֣߿һΪ׵ӣ£˾֮ͨˣ뽫ңҴȥ
üͷ΢壬ϲѪ幦ɱһˣһɱ֮
Ц·ģһϣ˾һһģ˾֮Դȥ˾ֻʵ顣
˳ĬãȻҵһͬȥ
һĨãûоܾһ壬ʹ˾ҲҪӵġ
ջ˼߿ҶҲǲ־ܵģԣʲôƾʹɡסֻһλˣ
ҶһߵˣȻЦЦû˵ǰ̤һҪʩչ޵н
޵н
ĵƣ˿̣Ʋܲˡ
ǰЩ˵ľ磬Զʩչ޵нһʤ㶼ûС
Ȼʹʩչ޵нҲûжİգ
Ҷʩչ޵нʱͻȻһҶ𣺡СӣҲˡ
Ҷͣ
ܿ죬Ҷͷ
ʱߵ˶ʱüͷ΢壬ܿ죬һԵһӳ㣬棿
תͷһӣʱֵԣƲô㣬㲻Ǳ壬ֻһƷ
ûйӣǿ·Ҷǧ棬кθ룿
ҶЦЦûʲô̫ĸлΨһĸǣԼе
е㣡
ǺʩչǵƣڳУκһ㶼򲻹ʹʩչǵƣҲɱⳡеˡ
ҶĬΪ沢û˵٣
ʱȻ壬壬ò˵СӺܶҵθڣҲǰαǰȻȻЩϹأǣҲʵԹ顣
ƺûһԣͻȻ
濴һߣת˲̧ͷңԶʣӦõˣ
£ңԶʣͻȻһڵ㣬ڵԽԽһĿӳ˳Сӵͨ˵㣬𣬳У
Ҫǵӳֺ󣬳˶ܵһѹȸУ
Ŀֱϣܿ죬ߵǰȻϥأ
΢΢ͷȻһһߣɱˣ
ûκηϻ͵ؾһȭ
ʱ߱ɫ䣬ȳ֣һǿϢϯȻӺ˹ȥ
Ȼӳȭ֮ߵǹϢ˲ɢת˲˾㵵Ŀ֮Уֱըѿһĭ
ǿߣ
һԣһǼɵ֮ɫ
ǿߣ
Ҷ棬֮ϣǵַţ֪áνţǳŵ֪Ϊ֪Ϊǵõ
Ҷ˵ͷʾˡ
濴һ˾Щˣ
һ˿һ棬Ҷ£δ
䣬תʧԭء
˾ʮҲת뿪
һλǿ⣬֪ҶҲɱˡ
ǲ룬Ϊβȫɱˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
壬ЩˣѾʬ޴ˡ壬ҲԽǾɱǣ˽硣ɱǣƻ֮һЩԼ
ҶЦôһθлˡ˵㱾û
΢΢ҡͷᾪ֮еһЩϹʱ鷳¸ࡣʱ䲻ˣСӣʱ첻ȥˣɡ
ҶЦһ
˵ͷû˵ʲôתʧʡ
ˣ
ò˵ҶлЩġദʱ䲢̣֮䣬ʦѡȥڼ治֪Ҫȵʲôʱˣ
ãҶջ˼Ȼɽһֱ̣ʧԭء
ڽ壡
һΣĿĵǹɽҵȻȥ硣
磡
֮Ϊ˲Ҫ鷳ҶʱҶ˺˵ѹɽ
ɽǺܴһͷɽϣźɫиɢϢ
ҶһǹɽȻǰλǰò˵
԰ɣ
ԣ
ҶɫЩŹˣΪ˵Щԥ
Ҷ̧ͷǹɽ⿿װ
ԥ£Ҷǹɽȥܿ죬˹ɽɽʱоһϢǵı䣬·߽˱ѣ
ҪɽʱͻȻһǿϢɽϮϢֱסϢסʱоȫܶˡ
ǿߣ
ʱһɽΪ壬ȴѪ幦࣬ǺˣΪ⣡
ҶҶ֮ϣǰѰǰ
У
ҶһöƶʱƮ˳һ̣öֱʧ
ͻȻϢһŮͻȻҶǰ
ŮһϮȹȹϣ׺Ÿָ컨䣬ȹϣŮӵϣӡһ䲻֪ĺɫ䣬ŮӵЩ࣡

Ҷ֪ǰλӦþˡ
ŮӻߵҶǰȻֱҶӺδ
Ҷһǰҵģ㣡
ںδŮʡ
Ҷԥ£ȻǸ˵
ԣŮ˫΢˸ĺ⡣
һĻҶƤһȻæ棬Լϸǰ
úԼɣʵǱ𰡣
ϢŮӵţ
Ҷ˵ͷţˣһȫĵط
飬Ȼñ֪
ŮӳĬһᣬȻҶˣ
ҶססˡһᣬҶͽܰɣ
幦Ѫ˵ʦҲΪܲ˵Ѱɣ
ԣŮͻȻһĨɭɱ⣬һ̣ҶоԼһһϢд


1911 ĵСף
Ҷû뵽Ů˻ͻȻ֣ȻԷʵԶҲԴС
䣡
һҶϯõŮӵ΢΢һɣһ̣Ůӵ͵һ
أ
ҶǹϢ˲ʧӰ٣ҶŮӵС
ŮֱҶΪӣȻȴƣѧĹ࣬࣡
ҶһŮˣȻеǰȷ㲻
ĬһᣬҲ⸱ģ
Ҷɬ뿴ģ
ʱͻȻɽ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ĵطɽ
Ҷ
ʱŮӼҶԽԽҶһæɽ˵ĵطɽ
£Ůʱһģ
ŮֱҶ
Ҷԥ£Ȼǰֻ˵š
ţŮ˫ȭɫȴǲô䡣
ʱҶǰӦ֪˾׷ɱˡڼ䣬պȻǾʶˣƷ츳׿Ծͽܡ
ڣ䣺
ʵУŮӴһҶȻȻЩͷǣ츳ȷʵɣ
䣬ŮһһĹʧԶ
ҶɫһɣȻæȥ
ҶһĲ̫һ⹬ȫ˸źڹʯͷɣȻǶģȴǳС
Уλ·Ҷ
ʲôżɽ
Ҷ磬ȥ磬ϣǰæ
磡
ü΢ȥ
ҶЩҪ
һҶȻ֪ʲôط𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷֻ̫˽һ㣡
ߵҶǰסģʵҲˣֻѾԼˣ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ܾúܾǰ廹壬ʵһ壬ϧΪֳͬ壬塣ǽˣһЩǿˣЩ뿪࣬齨塣

ҶüҲԽ
Ȼ
Կɽ֮Уڷǳһ֣ȻҲԽ˶ܹǣܹߣǵ꣬õҲף
Ҷǰ˵Щ϶ԭİɣ
˵ͷ壬Ȼ࣬ǣڿɲԼ࣬Ϊ֮顣ܵ˵һ߰壬߰ĵز
߰
ҶЦЦʵѾʶСߵĸ߰ˡСŮĸ߰Ǻֲܿ
壬̫ϲȥ塣ǣǳơǽ࣬࣬Żᱻܡ
Ҷұȥ
һҶȻȷ
Ҷ˵ͷǳȷ
˵ͷҲաڸպһᣬһº֮Ҫȥʱһȥɣ
ǰҲҪȥ壿Ҷȵ
΢΢ͷȥ£ʱ䣬ҪܣóһЩҪ鷳ȻѪҲ幦վ࣡
Ҷ˵ͷã
˵ͷȻתʧԭء
һµʱ䣡
֮С
ҶڵأȻ˺ڡ

һ£ںڣǽһʱ䣬һʱ䣬ܶˡ
ûҶ˺һ㣬ʱСŮѩŮˣ
Ѿͷ츳ǿֲĲУ
ʱͻȻҶߣĿŮϡ
Ů
ҶŮǸӦתͷȻ΢΢һЦߵҶǰ磬ʦã
ҶŮԴоô
ܺã
ŮСһ𣬺ܿģ
ľͺãҶЦȥɣ
ŮһЦȻתС뱦Ů
Ҷ䣬Ůôˣ
֪ѾͷѾʲô𣿡
ҶתͷŮһŮת˲ɫ˲
ֻؾ
ŮȻѾﵽֻؾ
ŮŶã
ʱѾͷٶȣʲô磬ܹûκϰͻƣֻؾֻأɵľ͹ˡȻڣյǣҲڸǲĿֲ
ֲ
Ҷ˵ͷŮĺֲܿ
ʱСӣѾͷԲ򵥡ܸоպܻ鷳
鷳
ҶһԶСֵŮȻЦ鷳鷳ɡģվҪġߣҶⱲӵ鷳ѾǳˣڶһҲνˣ
ЦЦҲǡԵģп鷳պҲпĻԵ°˵
ҶЦûô࣡
Сӣһŵ㣬Ǿʲô飬ٹԣ㽲ģԶԣͻȥǿ¶ûкôȥ֮ģ룬Ϊʲôܹߵ̶ȵԭ򣡡
֮ģ
ҶЦЦû˵ʲôߵСԣС׻ŮŮˣһ󣬱ڡ
ڣϦŮ

˭ҪΪ˶ףûʵûһС
ҶûдϦŮڵأȻʼ
ȻҲҪģ⣬Ǿ磡
취
ʱҶʼչطÿ컹ԼʱԼĽ
ڵĽѾڼ֮Ϊһ壬ռ仹ǳ󣬿Բϳɳ
ڣŮŮҲʼˡ
Ȼ̰棬Ҳ֪ҪԣȻʫǿȵģȻŮû
ŮСŮκ˶Ҫ̿ࡣ
еĪСˡ
еģ
ڶڣС״ǰССԴ¯̽̽Щ棬Щ¡
ԵҲѧ¯̽̽Ǻܿ˻дżɵ֮ɫ
Σգ
յĸо
ʱСͻȻյļϣȻСצָָ֮
գգۣðɣ
СһЦȻСצԼظһҵӡ
ջЩԥ
ʱССצյԴֻһСצ
գգ۾ĺܺ𣿡
ССԴæ㣬ʾġ
ҧҧ촽ȻǺðɣ
£ֻСͻȻ̧ܿ죬оۼ޴׵
ȻС˷ܵĿ֮УͻȻ׵ǵ¯һӡ


1912 䣡
ûж
Ϊ׵ںͻޡ
СתͷգմʱҲڿСһգۣգۡ
ûըأ
СתͷһȻֿգСצһָ
˼Ǽ
գգۣСףǻ᲻ᴳѽ

ССצԼСԴЩԥˡҶʼ߹ܴġ
ǣʲôǴأ
Ӧòдɣ
Сš
ʱ˾ǱͻȻС׵УһԵգգۣȻС׵СצӣСףɱѽ
СһֻСצָָȻ
Сͬһ࣬ȻöС׵Ļҧҧ촽ô𣿡
С׵˵СԴȻ˫צ˽뵽ʲôѽ˻Ȼ׼¯Ҫ¯ʱһͻȻǰ
棬Ȼ
ԭǲС׵ģԣ֮ǰСյġơֱӡû뵽СףȻҪ¯£Ȼ޶ˡ
Ҫʲô
Сף仹һҲЩɵġرڵСףǿʥ˱ϵġּϺĻ̣С׾С
С׽յ˱ȻһЦһֻСצ˳
Ҫʲô
СգգۣСצ
һᣬΪʲôҪ𣿡
ССצ裬ٶȺܿ죬˷֮ɫ
𣺡
һᣬһĴָСͻȻɵС׵ǰССצȥЩ¡
ʱû£˺㣡
СգգۣȻСצһ̯ǶʱɵУû£Сжʱ˸˷ܵɫʡܿ죬Ƕת뿪¥
ˡ
ͻȻһ
һ
俴ǰСףҪʲô
СգգۣС΢΢ţϴŲõЦݡ
㵽Ҫʲôֵ
ͻȻССצһ̯Ǳ˾ĽͻȻɵצУת˲˫۱Ϣ󡪡
䣡
һɻͻȻСϯһ˲䣬С׳һСףеĽҲ˻潣СһֻСצֽңָ䣬һֻźС
˼ǣ
ɫŹֿһСףȻҶ𣿡
ССԴæҡҡȻСצָָԼʾԼѧġ
΢飬ȻŶ
СһЦȻСצźУʾ
ԥ£Ȼ䣡
䣡
Сգգۣɻ֮ɫ˼ǣʲô˼
ɫһ֪Сװɵˡ
һսⰡ

ڣҶڵأһ
ĳһ̣ͻȻ۾Ȼ󻺻

һҶ˳
ͻ𣿡Ҷԣһ
Ҷתͷȥǲ֪ʲôʱѾûʫ
Ҷҡҡͷ

ڣ˽һʱ䣬ǣȻûдﵽ
Ϊʲôʫʡ
Ҷ룬Ȼһ㣬һ㣡
ԣֻһ㣬֮ǰֻţڣֻһ㣬Ȼһ㣬赲⡣
ʲôԭ򣿡ʫʡ
ҶҡҡͷȻҲ֪
һᣬҶ˺ǰʱɫЩÿϣ˸ǵĻ𻨡
ڲԶСգСյļϣһҺܹԵӡ
ҶһСգȻ䣬ǰôˣ
俴СףСһЦЦݺܲãǺȴǿƤһ
ԥ£Ҫ˵ʱһԵͻȻ磬ղСүү
ʱСһֻСצͻȻסյСԴ
Ҷ
ŪС׵צӣСףʲôأ
Сգգۣתͷ˿ҶȻ󱳶ҶСצš
Ŷ
յ˵СԴүү鲻ø֪รõģҲģ
ᣬˣе˶һ
Сף
ҶĿС׵ϣСһЦȻһ·ɵϣԴҶա
ҶС׵ƨɣԺźүүˣ֪
С׵˵СԴʱɲҡͷᱻƨɵġ
ҶС׵СԴȻЦȥɣ
С׵˵ͷȻɵյļϣСצյļСצ
סС׵һֻСצӣСףΪʲôҪүүأ
С׾һֻСצǼ֮ɫ
Ҫǿʡ
С׵˵СԴ
ΪʲôأСԴʡ
СתָָԶҶȻָָԼţСצš
Ŷ
յ˵СԴѽãҲҪǿҲҪ磡
С׵˵ͷȻСצһӣɲǼ䣬һڷ˳ǱֱӳյĽ¡
ССһӣಡһʧԶ

һŵ
Ҷǰʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ⶫر˿ޣҲҪԵ˵Ѿﵽ澳ε۷壬ֻôһ㣬ȻȴһԵԵһ̾͵Ҳпܾܺö֮޷ǿ󣡡
޷ǿ
Ҷ˵ͷЦֻˡ
ˣȥ֮󣬾͵һɡһ壬߰ĲУһ⣬ʲô壬Уǵ͵
ô߰Ҷ
һĸ߰رĻ壬ʲôСߣԻ塣
壡
Ҷ˵ͷһ˺
ûãķ䣬߰ɣ
䣬תʧ˷ڡ
Ҷæȥ
֮ϣҶԣϿȥľ۵ס
廹ɽ࣬Ҳ٣ǣÿһǵΧȺɽơ
ܿ죬ͣ
Ҷͷȥ·һǳĳǣ֮󣬱ǱԳǻҪһ
׳ǣĵ۶Ҷԣ
Ҷ˵ͷô󣡡
΢΢ͷߣ
ܿ죬ֱӽ˳С
ҶкһСжʱȻ̫̫СҪǣУҶܵǿϢ
Ĵ£һ·ǰУ·ϣһЩſ׵Щڼʱ׷׵ϥ
һ·ͨ裬ܿ죬һϷ֣׻ʹ
תͷҶڴ˵صң
Ҷ˵ͷã
һֱʧԭء
ԭأҶڵأʱԶһŮ·ҶʱŮͻȻͣУĿҶϣ࣡
ԣҶɫʱһ䣡


1913 ţ
࣡
ڽطʱΪ˲Ҫ鷳ѾԼϢȻû뵽Ȼ˷ˡ
ҶսȻתǰԶվһһŮӡ
ŻɫĳۣϣһͷޣԵŮǴһϮȹȹӲ֮һ䲻֪ĻĻ࣡
ʵףﵽΣ
࣡ʡ
Ҷûµ˵ͷ
˫΢УôĵӣȻǱ׻ʹ㡭
ʱҶͻȻһģʱֻܰˣȻ鷳¿϶Ҫˡ

üͷǰΪҪ˵أ
Ҷʼ磬ˣ֪ˣ
üͷĸˣ㣡
ԣҶüͷҲҵĻû𣿡
ɫ֪֪˵˵
Ҷҡҡͷ֪Ҳ֪
ԵŮҪ˵ȴֹȻߵҶǰһ飬ǰΪҪһ˵أ
ҶֱӣȻԭģҲ㣬ڣ𣿡
Ҷˬľ־Ӹµʣ˵໥ģú˵Ҿͺú˵㲻ú˵ȻҲú˵
ҶĻɫ˲ˣ
£׵ͻȻӵԣӿҶ࣬ǶϹһ׻ʹ
ԣһԥ£Ȼ£Ǹһģ

ӿҶҶʼ磬ûƭɣ
ӳȽ£ǣһȥ
ȻȴǶû
һĻӶʱȻŭôҪ췴
ң
Ϊ׵ӱ˱ȭȻ£˼Ȼ˵أζţ˱⣬ȻҵȲˣ¼£
ŭѵҸʻ󣿡
׻ʲδͻȻ
ԣӶʱŭɽңתŭʲô˼
ӱ˱ȭ²κζ⣡
Ҫ˵ʱͻȻתϥأ¼ˣ
һתʱһŮڿ
Ůӣ
ԥ£Ȼ΢΢һ䣬ˣ
Ŀջأϣȥɣ
˱ȭȻԵʧԭء
ӣ轭Ƣܴ󰡣
轭ɫһ䣬æҡ
㸸ʸղ˵ҴȥʶʶѾӦڿҾ
ͨ
ʱ轭ͻȻ˵ϣˣ֮ǰҵĴð֮˲Ҫƽϣ
һŮҲ˲Ҫƽϣ
ûпǿһԵҶأ
ң
Ҷ΢΢һȻȥ壬˵𣿡
׻λãÿһλȥȥˣζŴĳЩ飡
ǾǺҪˣ
ҶЦǰ¾ˣСһ׮ѣ
һ˿ͣССͣˣĴ壬ǲģ
ˣĴ塭
ҶӣɫЩŹ֡
ڣҲҡͷҶ֮Բ׷ΪһһŮûдĵߣһһŮĵߣʱͻ֪ǰλжôˣ
ʵУҶĻ轭Ůɫʱһɡ
ɣ
轭Ůվ
ʱһӰϮܿ죬һŮӳ˳С
ŮʱҶʱסΪŮӣŮ˾ʱǳֵŮӣˣС׻ҹչԷߣ
ŮӼҶʱҲ΢΢һ漴΢΢ͷ
һ³ֵŮӣȻףܲ
׶΢΢һȻԹ˵һԣĬ
һΣȥ壬Ǵľ壬Σӡ֮õ͵ʱ͵ǣøߵʱҲҪҸߵˣף
æͷ¹ӣȻҴ⣡
һӣɲǼ䣬ңԶͻȻһڵ㣬ܿ죬ڵԽԽ󣬵һֻɵĺɫҶ˵ͷϿա
ߣ
£һӣһ̣ǰһãת˲䣬ѾǴıϣڱϣߣڼʱ΢΢һȻ˵һԡ
΢΢ͷȻҽһ壬һֻֻ̣޴ĳ͵һȣʧʡ
ʣƶУٷУٶȣҶٶȻҪࡣ
Ҷڵأڡ
ǰĵλܸߣҶʡ
ϻ
ʮλλȻ˵壬ܹǵģֻ棬ʹ׻ʣҲûʸʲô˵ʮĶղСӣһЩƢõСⱲӵǰ;ǻˡΪҪΪ׻ʣҪõʮϿɣҲֻгΪ׻֮󣬲ܵ

Ҷ΢΢ͷȻصʵߵԣʣǰҪòŵ壿
תͷҶΪʲôôȥ壿
Ҷһ壬ȥӻ
壿
ü΢һᣬ½磬Ϊλ˾һ壿
Ҷһ󣬡ǰ֪ˣ

ҶЦЩ£˵
˾һ壬򵥣ͬʱպǻȥ壬Ҫˡԣպɣ
壿
Ҷ΢΢һȻЦԺҲ֪Ҫȥģһһɣ
΢΢ͷ֮ǲ壬Ǿ壬ͽܣȻڣڣûܹ㣡
ҶЦЦû˵ʲô壬ҶⱲӣڶʱڿ޷ˡ
ӻ϶Ҫ㡣
֮鷳£ģ
ʱͻȻ̧ͷԶˣ
̧ͷȥҶҲԶȥʾͷһ޴İɫš
ţ
ʱ˴ţˡ
£ҽһ壬ٶȶʱӿ졣
Ҷһ˫ֻ
磬Сߣ϶


1914 ˵˭
Ҫʱһɫ׵ӳ˵ǰ
ɨһۣȻߺˣ
ǰ̤һ壬׻֮ǰ
壿
üͷ΢壬
ָһһöƶʱӵǰ
ӿһеƣȻ΢΢ͷ棬λ
˵꣬ת֮С
һӣ˶ʱʧԭء
֮ǰʱŤܿ죬һѣθд
֪˶ãҶ۾
죬ƣµĿ
Ҷһܣʱһ޴Ĺ㳡ϣ㳡֮󣬼ֱڵȻͷ
ޱ޼ʣ
㳡ݡ
ս
ʱҶԵͻȻƬսһ춯صսȥˣ򡣡
ս
Ҷս
˵ͷ
ҶӦӮˡ
΢΢ҡͷûûӮ
Ҷʲôȴǵ߰ɡ
䣬ҽһ壬˶ʱƮȻԶƮȥ
轭˻Ҳһæȥ
ԭأҶĬһᣬȻҽһ壬һȥ
һ·ϣҶϴ硣
ʵûʲô֮Ҫ˵ĵطĻǾǳǳĴǳ£Ŀ
оǣһЩǳأķǳĺ£ζ
ʣÿһǣͻǿǵǰڼ֮󣬶׷ȥˡֻЩ˶ǶǺƣ
õԣҶʡ
̧ͷʣúһ죡
һ죡
Ҷסôã
˵ͷסǣǣ룬ǻҪޱߺܹǡޱߺˣ
˵ͷȥȻ·ãã󺣡
СЩ
ʱͻȻ
ΣգҶʡ
˵ͷޱߺĴ֮һĹ˺ս¡
䣡
ʱ·һˮͻȻˮһˮ˱
һĻɫ˲ת˲΢΢̧Ȼ·͵ؾһġ
䣡
һ£·ռһǹˮȻʧˮ֮µƬֱӳһ׵ľ޴ӣΧˮϻ۶ǣȻǸ޿ӣ
ԭһ󣡡
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬺ܿ죬һӳҶ˵ĲԶӿֻʮ꣬ϴһɢŵĿס
󣬻վӡ
󵭵һӣȻôҹУ
Цд⣬֪ɷ񣡡
ЦǾɣ
£תͷһ轭һۣţ
䣬һʧʡ
ӿһ轭ˣȻҲ֮ʧʡ
ǹʧԶΪ׵һŽ۵ͻȻЦλŰɣ¹ŰԱλҵܵܣźϡ
轭վ˴˱ȭ轭Աλͫһλףλ
˵⣬һҶȻҲ֪˭֮ˣ
ǹŰ΢΢һЦ¡˵⣬˶٣ȻֵҿλϢӦʵҲдһ
д裡
ҶһǹŰСȻЦеģǣãǰһԲ⡣
ԲԶ轭Щԥˡ£Ϊ֮ǰ֮ǰǰš
ʱһֱδ˵ĹźͻȻЦ磬½ˣһ˵ĸڹһǵʲô˼
ԣ轭ɫʱ
ʱǹŰǸǸֱϲʲô˵ʲô֮λ
λҰ
ʱһԵǹźͻȻӻ
˿źϣźЦ
ƣ
轭Ȼ̲ס¾ҪӦսʱͫͻȻסȻҡҡͷǹģ
轭һǹŰֵܣʱǹźͻȻЦԭνţֻɫ̫ʧˡ̫ʧ
սɣ
ʱ轭ͻȻվ˳
һĻԵͫ˵ʲô轭ȴǰ˰ֹ֣ͫһǹźϵǰ㲻Ҫսһս
ǹźǷһĨЦݣȻôģǲһѣΣ
ʲô轭
źЦΣˣ˵һ䣺ܣˣҾ˵ܣ
ԣ轭ɫʱˡ
ܣ
Ѿʶ仰ĿֲˡһˣʱǴ壬ΪĵˣˣһŹľʣ
轭Щԥˣ
ôˣһԣǹźЦˣ˵Ҳд裬Ϊ壬ȥųд裡
轭ԣͫ䣬Ȼҡҡͷ
ʱ轭һȻ㻹ǵ˵ĻҪ͵ǣøߵʱøߵˡ˿ǲӦսȥ彫ΪЦǣкĿ壿
䣬轭ǰһɣ轭ʶһţ
źϳǰ̤һЦԸ
£źһֱӻһӰ轭ȥ
䣡
źʧһ̣ԸоеĿռһ
Ϊٶ̫죬ǣռ£
ٶȷǳǳĿ죡
һԣ轭ɫ˲Ӧɲ˫͵ؽգɲǼ䣬ǰһɫĹĻ
أ
һֻȭͷͻȻǹĻ֮ϣǵɫĻ˲ըѿת˲ֻȭͷֱ룬ֱӺ轭ؿϡ
أ
Ȼ轭ȴ˿
轭ϣ˸ŵɫâ
轭һЦƵģ㡭
ʱǹźͻȻƻ֣Ȼһֱۣӿס轭ĺһ̣źϥ͵سǰһֱӶ轭Ŀ£
ۣ
轭˫˲Բڣʹ֮ɫ
ȻʱǹźͻȻһȭ轭̫Ѩλá
أ
轭ֱӵ˳ȥܿ죬ͫסͣ轭Ѫʱ磬̼䣬ǰѪһƬϣʹ֮ɫ
ͫתͷ俴һǹźϣɣ
ɣ
źЦô˵أԼӦǿҪֻ֣ܹ̫ˣ
˵ţɨһͫҶˣȻֵˡֱԣǲ½һȺ˷ʱģǡ
˵˭У֪˭ͻȻ˵һ䡣
ʱ˵ǣźʶ
һԣ΢ƣһҶ֪ʲô
ΪղǾ仰Ҷʵġ
ʱҶЦԣ˵ǣ˵ģûë
źĿҶϣȻָϢͻԴֿ
ҶƷԼͷ˱ȣȻǰкܶǰôвңڣǵķͷݲôˡ
ˣ


1915 ̣
𣿡
ԶźͻȻЦҲ˵ģǣң֮ǰͻԴֿ
£źϳǰ̤һһֱ̤ӳҶǰֽճȭȻ϶¶ҶԴ͵ؾһң
ⲫ
Ҷ˵⡣
ҶûжһȭԴȥһȭǹźϵĺȥ
˶ֻ֣һܾˣͬھ
Ҷûжǹźɫʱһ䣬û뵽ġȻҶ¸ıȭͷĹ켣ֱӳҶȭͷ˹ȥ
أ
ֻȭͷһӴΧĿռ˲ѿת˲ͬʱˣǺܿ죬Ҷͣһ̣ͻȻǹźϵǰȻһȭŹźϵԴͺ˹ȥ
һĻǹźɫʱ䣬û뵽ҶȻܹô̵ʱھͷȻľӦҽųһ˶ʱͣȻһȭҶ˹ȥ
ҲûѡӲӲ
˵ȭͷٴֱӵķʽײһ
أ
һ֣
һ̣ҶٴγǹźϵǰȻһȭǹźϺ˹ȥ
һȭһȭ
һʼǹźϻܹҶȭͷԿǰϢ֮ǹźѾʼڽڰˡ
ѹƣ
źѾҶȫѹƣ
Ҷֳֽǣûаιһֱһֻ֡ǹźһʼҲֻͬһֻ֣ǵʼֻˡ
ȻȻҶѹţ
ˣһˣʱ˿̣ǹźѾǧɡ
һԣ轭ÿЩĿɿڴû뵽ǰһȻôǿ
ԵҲһ˿ȣȻһྐྵȻǿҲǱ𾪵ˡ
һߵǹŰɫЩ
ʱҶͻȻͣ
ˣ
ҶһԶǹźǹŰȻôȥЩȤ£ô˰ɡǰЩˣСߵˣֽѵһ¾ͿˡûҪŪ̫ݡ
ˣ
ʱԶǹźͻȻͼ࣬㾹Ȼôˣ㡭
ˣ
ʱһͻȻڳһ
ֵһ̣ǹźɫȻ䣬ʶľһȭ
Ȼ
һΣȭͷĲȭͷǽһµĽ
ͣ
źֻұ˲䱻г룬ѪĽ
δҶֱ룬ֱӴǹźϵü䣬ǹź˲佩Ӳ
δΪҶĽֻ
а
źҶֻȭͷţȴҶ
ҶĽͻȻ˳Ҷý˳źϵң¸ô
£
ʱԶǹŰͻȻʵǿһΣˡֻд裬²ҪˣȻµ˿ǳƬˡϾƬ򣬿Ǻܴģ·ʲôģǳģ
ʱҶĽͻȻ͵سǹźϵϣǹź˲һѪɫĽۣǹźȴҶΪҶĽֻҪҶɣǽֱԴ
һԣǹŰɫ˲û֮ǰƽݵЦݡ
ʱҶͻȻȻЦûӵĵܵܣҸ㡣ǹ鷳αװأУ֮ǰв𣿡
˵ţеĽǹźϵĲϣȻвһ飡
ǹŰҶȴǲ˵ʲôˡ
ɱգسƬ򣡡
ʱһͻȻڳת˲һӳҶ治Զ

ʱҲҶԡ
Ҷתͷ΢΢ҡͷȻĲʰ
Ҷʼ磬ҪսʱµǹźͻȻЦ࣬Ҽסˡ
Ŷ
ҶЦҪʲô
źͼ࣬㡭
ž
ͻȻҶеĽֱӳǹźϵϣǹźϵʱȻֹ
ס
ʱҶͻȻЦҾã鲻ܾôˡ˵ţǹźѾεգֵ죬黹ԣɣǸأôȥˡ
࣡
ʱԶǹͻȻ˵һ飬̣
źϿǰҶЩǸҶһͼǸĴȥɣ
ҶϵЦݽʧˣ鲻ˡ
ɱңźŭЦѽ㡭
ͻȻһڹźϲһźȻֹ
ͣ
һѪܵԴֱӷ˳ȥǿԴϣһ˫۾˫ԲУ֮ɫ
ɱˣ
û뵽ǰ࣬Ȼĸɱ
ǹźͷ
һԵ轭Ҳסˣ󣬶δ뵽ҶȻɱˡ
ɱˣ
Ҷʼ磬ȻҲˣɱģɱô꣬ɱ£ǵһμ
䣡
ʱһǿϢͻȻҶѹȥ
ˣ
һԵҲûţһӣһϢʱϯϢֱӽϢɢ
ʱ󣬡Ҫ
Ҫ˵ʱһԵҶͻȻЦ˵Ŀⶼϡ
Ҷǹкη֮ɫô䲻𰡣
䲻
ɫЩѿ
ʱҶֵԭСд裬ˣɱˣȻϵľͳ˰趪˰
ֻд裬Ȼд轻ΪҪɱ֣
ҶֱӹдͲɱ𣿡
ɱ
Ҷη壬֮ӣɱɱ
˲
˫ֽţɫ֪ʲô
ʱҶͻȻ֪ǰݣ϶ǲ˼ҳֵġǣǰ϶ֲΣޱߺһ˳һһݣΣ
һһ
һҶû˵ʲô
ǹҶԣǹŰҪǣȴǻͷһۣŰԥ£Ȼ˻ȥ
ʱǹתͷҶࣿ
Ҷô
ЦЦûʲôղ˵ҵݲ˼֣ȷʵԴС飬ôĳأһʣָָ㣬ܿ԰ɣ
ԣһԵɫʱǱŷԴС
ҶֱӹϢ֪мӣ
Цô
ҶĽͻȻָԶǹŰǰָ֮ǰָָӡ£ָܶˣڣǵܶһˣ


1916 ɱ
ָ㣿
ҶԴûɱԷľ̫߳࣬ڵʵ϶޷Էġ
ˣҶֱǹŰ
ҪԴСҲԴСԣսŰԴС
ҶĻǹɫʱ
ʱҶֵֻҪǰԸָӣҾԸǰָ㡣ǰԸ⣬Ǿ͵û˵
ҶãȻ󣬡û´壬Ϊ幺ս֪һΣ֮УԵܶࡣ
оɣ
ЦЦҲĨǣ㽫˽ңһΣһվһߣһ˵ǩսĺԼΣ
üͷʱºαһһʶ
ЦͻȻЩ䣬ǿҵĶӣȻЩɱϾҲҵĶӣ𣿡
һҶȻҡҡͷҾܾûʲô£ҵȾ͸ˣ
䣬һᣬҶֱʧԭء
ôߣԣŰ
俴ʧĵطԲ

ңԶʣƶ֮ϡ
嶯ˣҶԣͻȻ
ҶЦ֪
֪㻹ɱ
Ҷѵɱ𣿡
룡
Ҳᣡ
Ҷûô࣬ʱ뷨ܼ򵥣һɱܣԾɱˣԭϢˣµġǣʵǿǹźϵģ
ͻȻתͷҶҶã΢΢ҡͷ٣Ѫ񣬷ǿԵġǣвɳ嶯Ϊ嶯Ҫ۵ģ
Ҷûڷֻǵ˵ͷҼˣ
ʱֵһһҪлл㡣㣬εӿɾͶˡΪǰУùӰʯ¼
˵⣬һԵ轭֪֮ǰ˵ǹźϴĵǾ仰ⲻǶһ񣬿ҲҪˡ
轭亹ʱ
ʱֵҲãڶԷʱվûʧȥѪԡʵȥŬǣѪûˣ˾ǿʵҲǷһ
轭˵ͷܽˣ
˵⣬һԵҶԥ£Ȼǰлˣ
Ҷѵľ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻ󣬡ǰǹ϶ưոݵġ
֪Ҳ̫⣬Ͼ֮УµĲ

ӦþСߵĸˣ
һٶȼӿ죬ʱ˿һǡ
ͨɫңԶƶ֮УǳǵƮϣʱо޴ɺװ
ɾ
ûмɾǣ˿νɾˣ
𺳰ɣʱͻȻ
Ҷ˵˵ͷ
ǣǣǣʴɣˣǻһǳֲ󷨣λʥֲã˵ǰʥ£ϣʹʥˣҲһ֮ٵǣ
ʥ½ϣ
ʱԶͻȻһ׹⣬ת˲׹ɢȥһӳ˵ǰ
Ŀֱϣ¾ɣ
΢΢ͷǣ
ӵʱڽӴˣˣȴλƿ;ӣλ
ˣ
΢΢ͷȻתһ׹ʧԶ
һ·ϣҶĴܡ
ɾ
ɾĳԣǳĴ˵ǳ˺֮⣬
ƿ;ӣ
֮⣬ڳеһЩȷʵ̫һ
ԣ
ˣǳԣ壬϶еš
һ壡
ܿ죬ƿ;ӡ
뿪ԵҶ֪ںδ
Ҷҡҡͷ
֪Էʲô𣿡ֵ
СߣҶС
˵ͷһ˴һ£㣬ҪԼȥҵĻҲԣ¡طر㻹࣬ף
ࣿҶʡ
΢΢ҡͷҲǣֻ˵⣬ܴܲʵ࣬Уһ⣬һЩⶼǵĴ
Ҷ˵ͷǰģһ£ǲģ
΢΢ͷǶԻطϢɣиʱҴȥȻǾ뿪壡
˵꣬תʧԭء

֮УҶһܣ˿ŷ֣Щ䣬ȻʯɡЩʯɢŵ˷ǳ
С߼Һܺ
ҶҡҡͷȻҪʱСͻȻļϡ
Сָָ⡣
˼ǣߣȥ棡
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷںڣɶŮСʱеٵģСںڣһǷǳµģ
ȻǶ˵
Ϊһģͻ
һ취ǾСҲҾͣһˡǣʧˡСһʹҲԲᳬϢ
Ҷ뿪˷䣬С˽ϡ
ֵǿһɫиеͣȴԵҡ
ֵϣ˲٣ǿΪ磬ֻҪԭ򣬻ϰġˣΧûͨˡ
С׺ĴܣͻȻ۾һȻСצҶǰλһָ
Ҷ˳С׵Сצȥһ꣺ɱ
ɱ
ҶһۣȻͷСףкö
Сæͷ
ҶЦȥǣײ
С۾գѽգӡ
Ҷɫһ壬С׶ʱæͷʾҶˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻСɱǰսɱһȹŮӱӭӭҪʲô
ҶһܣܣʮɫڣԼɼ
ʱҶеСͻȻָָ
ȥ
ҶǰŮӣ滹У𣿡
ŮӿһСףȻ˵ͷǵġҪڶ㣬ҪȽʮöɾʯķá
Ҷδ˵СֻСצͻȻһӣܿ죬ʮöɾʯŮӵǰ
Ҷ
ŮӿСףЦ⣬ǿɰأ
ܿ죬ҶȹŮ˵ڶ㡣
յڶ㣬ҶҪ˵ͻȻڵСпʼת


1917 ǲܣ
Спʼת
СпʼתֻֿܣһΣգкñڣȻǵڶ֡
ΪûΣյĸо
ҶЩˡ
ﾹȻжܹúĶġҪ֪۹⣬ǿǱС׻ߵģһ㶫
ʲô
ҶɨһܣСףС׿գգۣȻСצָָ
ȥ
ҶתͷԵȹŮӣŮԥ£Ȼ𾴵Ĺͣŵıǵ۽ϵıֻϿԱţ
ϿԱ
Ҷʲô
ȹŮӵָһݵˣɱѴﵽǧɾʯˡ
ǧɾʯ
ҶƤһڲһٶöɾʯҪΪԷϿԱҪǧɾʯ
ǧ
ʱССצһ̯һöɾʯצУţצӵݵȹŮӵǰ
ȹŮӶС΢΢һЦȻҶ
ҶС׵СԴЦһҪһǧ
һǧ
СװԼСצܿ죬˫Բ̧ͷȹŮӣСצ
ȹŮӿҶ˵ʲô𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
˵ʲôȹŮʡ
ҶԼӣȻ˵٣
ȹŮӣ
ʱСתͷҶֻСצһ̯˼˵ûô࣬ô죿
ô죿
Ҷεֻ£
СָָͷȻСצٻ
棬кܺúܺõı
С׵˼
Ҷôأ˭ûôǮأ
Сգգۣ͵͵һһԵȹŮӣȻɵҶǰСצ
ɣ
С׵˼
ҶЩͷʹСףԽԽˡС׵СԴȻ֪𣿡
ʱССצơ
˼ǣ͵ɣ
Ҷ
СֻСצţôҶȴҶ⡣
ҶСԲཱུСȻǱǲҪˡף
С׻˵ʲôҶȴֱӽ˻Ȼתߡ
ϽСױߣ
Ϊ֪СһﹴһĶһ֣һѶԷȻȥʱʹˡΪһ˺ֿ˵ĻǾͱóˣ
ǣСףǺɣᱳģ
϶ģ
Ͻܣ
ҶСҪ뿪ɱʱͻȻſڳˣһŮ˸մպõסҶ
㣡ߵͻȻ
Ҷȥʱһ㶣ΪӲǱˣȻޱߺĹŰ
ԩ·խ
Ҷʼ磬С׾Ҫ뿪ʱǹŰͻȻǰЦλ̨ôռҪ߰ǡ
ʱҶͻȻĻ̨Ǻ죿
ŰһǺָܿ£֮ȻһЩìܣǣǶѾǹȥ£Ѿ£ѵл
Ҳߴߴᣡ
ҶֱǹŰÿ
ŰɫһʱڹŰұߵͻȻŰ֣˭
Ű࣡
࣡
֣ŰԵüͷʱĿҶϣࣿô⣡
ҶתͷӣӴԼʮ꣬ŻһͲͨˡ
Ҷô
˫΢Уţ
ҶǰһӵǰȻֱӣǲܣ
ܣ
΢΢һ㶣ԣû뵽ǰ˻ô˵ң˵ôֱӣ
ת˲ǷһĨЦ룡
Сɾλڣ
ʱһԵȹŮͻȻ˹ЦλҪд裬ȥ̨̨
Ȼ
ʱЦҢҿɲĵ£ʺá
΢΢һЦûоܾҲûдӦ
ҢЦЦȻҶ̨࣬ɸң
ҶҪ˵һԵͻȻλӣ̨˼壬Ǿġ
ҶһЦлѣ
˵꣬תͷҢ߰ɣ̨ȵȣ֮ǰҪһ£
䣬ҶͻȻʧԭء
Ҷʧһ̣ǹŰɫʱ䡣һˣ˲˵ʮɿ⣬Ȼ⧲֮£һֻȭͷǺؿϡ
أ
ۣ
һھѪԹŰ˳ȻδҶȭͷںڹŰʱͻȻצȻ˳ƳһץֱӿסǹŰĺ
Ű˲佩Ӳ
Уסû뵽ҶȻͻȻ֣ǹŰҲû뵽ҶȻǵﶯ֣Ǽ꣬Ңεİ
ʱҶͻȻסŰĺ͵ؾһҡ
أ
ѣѪĽ
ҶһŲǹŰϣǵʯϣҶҽŻң
䣬Ҷҽ͵һ˹Űĸ
أ
ǹŰֱӷ˳ȥײԶһǽϡ
ŰϺһ㹭ţڵ治ϳ鴤š
Ҷղһţֱӽȫ߶ϣ
Ҷ֣ȻתͷһԵҢҪ̨Ÿʲô·
ҢҶ࣬ȻǵͼȻ͵ϮֶΣ㲻͵Ϯܡ
ʱԶҶͻȻ̯˫֣͵Ϯ͵Ϯң
ҢɫʱѿҪ˵ʲôʱһԵҶͻȻ˰֣ûʱߴߴᣬȥ̨ɡ֣ܶǾͱȱȣ
ҢȻҾͳȫ㣡
䣬һֱӻһʧǽֵͷ
Ҷҽһ棬Ҳ֮ʧ
ɱڣǰ֪ʱһŮӡ
Ů΢΢ҡͷҢ
һĨ죬С㣬Ңǿߣӣƺû
Ůӵܶʱ򣬾粻ǺʵΨһ׼ȥһ£˵
ǣ
תȥ
ߺŮ˵㡣ŮߵһǰڣһŻɫĹ
ŮӿŹãȻ㲻ΪΣ
Ĭһ˲ŹͻȻһһ̣ǹȻѡһ̣ŮܵЩͻȻʼҲ
η壡
ΧЩԽ۽׵ȫη壡
ʱŮǰźɫͻȻʧԭء
ڹʧΧЩƽ
ŮӵüͷȴǽУ֮ɫаǿа飬ǿаû뵽С
䣬ŮӾҪ׷ȥʱһͻȻڳ𣺡ţһȥɣ
ҪʲôŮʡ
ĬƬ̣ǵٴ𣺡


1918 ֱŪң
ΪУǲģǣ˵ĵطзԣ̨̨֮
̨
ν̨˼壬Ǿġ
һ£ȥֻһ
ҶҢ̨̤ܱǾۼˣң˻ԽԽࡣ
һ壬пϷ
̨ϣһŻ۵ͻȻƾճ֣ߴһˣȻ̨ĪҪΪһʱ嶯ϵԼǰ̡
Ң΢΢һ񣬡лǰѣұɱ֮
߿ҶҶʼ磬ʮϢ˵Ļ
һҶȻ࣡
Ҷûǣ
࣡
һƬȻ˵ĿⶼҶϡЩĿ⣬кģϷʵģмģһ㡣
Ҫɱˣ
ʱҶߵ

ҶһߣȻҪɱңô죿
˵ˣҪɱˣֱҶ
ԣҶƢ˲ˡ
ҶֱߣԿʼ𣿡
俴һҶȻһʧ̨ϡ
ʧһ޴ĹĻǱ̨ܡ
ԶҢһУһɫǹУת˲Ҷȥ࣬ҡ
أ
ʱ̨һҶѾʧԭء
Ҷˣ
ҶʵûȤԷڴսǰлҳ
̨Сɵľ룬֮ǰҶҢľ룬аɡ
˿̣ɾ룬Ҷգ۱


ҶΪٶȹ죬ǿֱӽ֮Ŀռ˺ѵ
Ҷʧһ˲Ңɫ˲һ̣жһɫǹת˲ǹһ׵̳
أ
ǹȭͷഥҶҢµı̨ʱһʱҢеǹͻȻ˻ȥţųǹ͵һɨ
䡭
ǹ
ҢΪҶҪ񵲻߶ʱҶȴվԭ˿Ǳǹɨ
ǣҶȭͷȴҲֱӺҢϡ
أ
ҢֱŤȻ˳󵹷˳ȥת˲䣬ǹĻ֮ϣ˵ϡ
ҶȻҲҢһǹɨȵ˰ɿ⣬ǣ·֮⣬ûҢǰ㣬նϡ
˻
УͻȻһƬ

ǿҶǿõó˶ˣ
ԶҢڵ֮󣬾ҪȻʱһӰͻȻǰӰҶ
Ңд󾪣æһǹҶؿڡ
ȻҶûжǹؿڣǣҢǹҶؿʱҢȴǸоԼһϡǽҶسˡǣҶȴסеǹ
Ңд󺧣Ҫ֣Ϊ֪ҶҶǣֵһ̣ҶҲŷˣת˲ҶϣֱһȭҢĸ
أ
ҢֱһھѪȻ˹峯׷˳ȥ
һΣҶûڸҢκλᣬҢصһ̣һֻűֱӲҢĸλá
ۣ
һõҢٴһھѪ
ˣ
Ңˣ
ҶǰҢʱ·ͻȻ˽ͼ࣬

࣬
壬Ұĵط
̨£ͻȻһһ
ЩҶ˫΢תɨһ·ЩˣȻŭ䲻ǲǣ
죬һ˲䰲
Ҷ俴·ˣô䲻Ļɫ
˵⻰Ҫ۵ģ
ʱǰͻȻҶǰ࣬ҵ壬𣿡
ҶתͷߣЦЦ壿ңֻǣʵ˵ʧƽľȴ˵ģҲ֪ǵĸ߰ʵʵǱǸûֻһȺҪĻɫ
ԣ·Ⱥʱٴɧ˿ʼ׷׽
ʱҶͻȻһҢԴϡ
أ
ҢԴֱӷ˳ȥѪ
˲䰲
˶סˣû뵽ҶͻȻ
ʱҶͻȻתͷ·ˣѵһһȺֻ͵ˣ
ԣ·Щɫ˲ѿȻֿʼָҶŭ
ʱҶͻȻŭȱȣӲˬģֱŪңŪ
ְˣ
˶ڿҶ֪ΪΣǰ࣬˸оһļ¡
࣡
ҶԣͻȻ壬һ¼࡭
ʱҶͻȻתߣ
΢΢һ·Ҳס
ʱҶͻȻߵߵǰƨҪ˵
£һƬȻ
֮УȻʲôǣҲεǿ߰
ΣǿɲεҢܱȵģֻһΣеĲɴأ
˵ʮεǿߣԻһλεǿߣ
ڣǰ࣬ȻҪսһλεǿߣ
ҶǰûдӦɫЩʵ̫̫࣬رܹԽսġǰսζŶԷ㹻ģ
ɱ㣬ϣ
ʱһͻȻڳת˲ȥԶ֪ʱһӡ
Īɣ
Уϳӵݣ
Īɣ
壬һۣʥܣһš壬Уһ죬аɣ棡
Īɣ֮һ
ν棬ţһţ
£˷׷ÿ˵·
Īɶ΢΢һЦȻһֱӳҶĶ档
Īɶ߱˱ȭϣ˾ͽҰɣ
ǹ΢΢ͷ壬ȱţʶһ°ɡ
ȻĪЦ
ߵ˵ͷȻһҶʮϢڸղŵΪ
䣬һֱʧԭء
̨ϣֻʣҶĪɣ
Ҷ棬Ī΢΢һЦҲֵģΪʵûʶϧʵ̫ˣԣҿķǳˬˡڣҸ㣬жôϧûڸˡΪ㡭
ʱҶͻȻתͷ·ߣԿʼ𣿡
ԣĪϵЦݽ
·߿һۣȻȻ
̨ϣҶͻȻǰ̤һһ̤˲
һ̣һڳһ
һɲǣ
Ҷ̤һʱĪɫ˲䡣
һϢһڳһ

Ϣ󣬳ͻȻ
ʱҶѾվĪɵһλô
˲Ŀ̨ϡ
ͻȻĪԴһᣬֱӴӲϵ
Ѫ
˴ľ
̨ϡ
գ
Ҷһ


1919 һɱ㣡
һ
ᣬǳᣬ˵ʲô΢顣
ȻȴΪ仰
ֻź
Īˣ
֮һĪɾôˣҪǣ˶ûпĪôġ
У˵Ŀⶼ̨ϵҶϡ
ҶֽƮƮ
Ϣ󣬼ų̂Ҷ۾Ȼ̨û˵ֻǳԶȥ
û˸ţǰЩ˶׷Զÿ˵·
¾ôˣ
ʱһͻȻڳ
˲ԼͬĳԴȥ̨ϣ֪ʱһӡ
ӿʮ꣬һϮֳۣȣϴŨŨϢ
Ҷͣ˽ŲȻתӣô
ָɱˣ
ȻأҶʡ
ӵɱ˳𣿡
ҶЦЦȻָԶ̨ʲǫ̨̂ʲôģģ̨Ըѵ²֪
ӵ˵ͷҵȻֻ֪ǣҲˣ̨ϹУ㲻ܾɣ
¹аɣ
ʱһͻȻڳת˲Ҷԡ
ֱӣ̨Ը𣿡
ɫʱ
ǵǿߣǣֻʵǿڼġ˵֮Ĳ࣬ǲһ㣬֮ȫûпɱԣ
ˣ𣿡
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţһ׷̨߳ϡ
󵭵˶Էһۣˣ磿ôˣ磬ֻĳЩԴСˡõǿߣһ澳ߵ˵ģҶ죬ʲôɫ
Ļǰ׷Եɫʱޱѿ
ʱǰ׷ͻȻ˵ûһΣʧˡ˵£͸Լԡ
Ծɣ
ʱһͻȻڳ
£һŰɫȹŮͻȻ̨ϡ

˵ĵһо
ò˵Ůȷʵµ٣㷢ģ£ûһ覴áŮӲܸߣ䣬˵ܰ
ְǹְ
Ůӣǰ׷ɫ΢΢һ䣬æߵŮӵǰȻ΢΢С㣬㣬ôˣ
ȹŮӵպ·
׷ߵôС£ôͷС㣿ҡ
ʱȹŮͻȻ˰֣ߵĻ壬ά档
˵ţֱӿҶ
Ҷʼ磬Ҫȥʱȴס
ҶŮ򵥣ȻΣǣԷһͬӵԽսʵ
ҶЦ֪򵥣Ҳ򵥣
䣬Ҷһֱӳ̨ϡ
ŮûκηϻָҶվһ㡣һ㣬ҶǰĿռͻȻһɫ㡣
Ҷüͷ΢壬ҪͻȻǵɫͻȻͣת˲ҶܣͻȻɫ㣬Щɫ㣬鲼ҶΧ
ˣ
һͻȻڳŽһ˳С
ǣһֱʧӰ٣
һĻԶɫʱ
ռڵ㣡
˿ܿôʱ˿ҶĴǷǳģΪЩɫ㣬ֱҶΧĿռڵ㣬˵һһһǳǳι̵
ԶҶȻҲоˡ
ɨһܣҪٴγ֣ʱЩɫͻȻתţҶоһ˺ѸУ
˺ѣ
ǹ˺ѸԽԽǿң
ͬʱԶǰȹŮͻȻ̧ȻҶλøվһա
һգҶΧЩɫ˲
ɫҶоһǰδеļѹоԼ·𱻼ɽڼѹһ㣬Ҫըѿ
һʮͻȻܣת˲ʮݺύиת˲ʮֱըѿޡ
֮
ʱԶǰȹŮͻȻ˽磬˵㣬һεǿҲƿ㣬ʮ
ʱһصͻȻҶܣת˲
䣡
ҶΧЩռֱӻһƬޣ
ȹŮȻֹ

Ҷʩչ֮ΧĿռȻǱţǣ֮бţ޷⿪ǣȴơⲻǾֱӻٵ
Ҷ̧ͷȹŮӣǰȹŮü΢֮㡭
ʱȹŮüͻȻһ㺮⡣
ǽ⣡
ȹŮȻֹת˲һӰڳһҶɫȻһ䣬ԭ̵ĽͻȻͣţתһ£
أ
һһӰԶƮƮȥһ̣ӰǹسҶͬʱһֱ̽ӴҶĺ󾱣ǲûܹ룡
Ҷûתսֱӵһ塣
ǣһӰȴֱӳǰһ̣һֱ̽Ӵü䡣
ҶͫȻһҽ͵һ壬ֱӳ˰ɣߵһ̣һѪü伤ڿ׳һĻΣ
Ȼ黹δ
Ҷ˵ĹУǵİӰ׵ĳҶͬʱǱذֱӴҶĺ󱳡
ͣ
ذֱӴҶƤ֮Уܿ죬ҶĽѾǰӰǰǵӰȴƾʧҶı
⣬ȹŮӲ֪ʱ
УһɫĶϽ
Σ
ʱ̨£˾
ԣһԵɫʱ
ΣģҲֻ
壬һǬε˵
һǬû֪ʲô֮ػ塣£Ρ
ν弯ȫ֮ռǿǿʯǳ֮ɣķ̫Ѫʹ֮˻Ͽɣǳ֮ǻصģ
˵Ҷʮ֮ǿνǰֽһ

̨ϣò˵Ҷ˿ЩǱģü䣬󱳣Լ󾱣ңʹк޸ЩȻָĺ
Ҷ棬ǰȹŮ鸡˫ʮ֡
һ
ʱȹŮͻȻһɱ㣡
£ȹŮеνͻȻ˸
ȹŮӶ棬Ҷһһ̣ͻȻһɫĽ
ʥ
ǧҶһ⽣
Ҷǰ̤һʱеĽͻȻת˲ǽֱӻһҶͷϷƬؿʼҲ
ģʥ渡ֳǳ


1920 ݣ
ʥ
Ҷǧ֮󣬾ûù˾ĽΪѾҪˡ
ڣܲˣ
ңӵĽ齣ʥңӵĽ䲻ǲԼĽңǽ֮ԲΪңӡ
ڣ϶ûңʵġ
齣Ȼǿ󣬵ǣʣ齣ļ϶ǲǰȹŮеǶ̽ġߣ齣ԲǱ飡
һԷ㹻ǿ齣ûʲôˡҲ齣ǰŮеĶ̽Ǵʱ齣Ǿ޷ȹŮеĽԿģ
ʥ
ҶֻʥŮӶԿ
Ҷӿ룬ʥ棬ǳ֣ͬʱƬͻȻǳȻ֣

У˴󾪣ǰȹŮӣҲ֮ɫ
һԣҶеĽôܡʥôС
ʥ
һֹ̣ϳ֮ǰǰ׷Ҳ˳
׷Ҷ˿̣ޱȵĺҶݡ
̨ϡ
ҶͻȻڿնֱסʥɲǼ䣬ǳ֮ǿǳ֮֮ʼԶۣȻҶӿ
ЩҶʼˡ
ʥͨ״̬н״̬
ͨ״̬ƽʱֻһĽ״̬Ҷٻǳ֮֮Ȼʥ󻯡ǣôҲЩԲ
ãڵȣһξҪϢüǲֵġ
Ҷ棬ǰȹŮӴ˿ɫҲޱȵһ̣˫ۻת˲еĽͻȻɲǼ䣬ͻȻǳ֮Щǳ֮ʼν۶
һĻˣ
ǳ֮
ʱҶҪȻеĽȴֱѣȻ˿УʼתתʵЩǳ֮γһУͬʱûǳ֮ڳνȥ
νҲʼתȻȻûǳ֮ȥ
ǳ֮ȫʥ۶ȥ
ôܡȹŮ૵Ŀʥš
νıǰ⾿ʲôȻܹѹν
ʱҶͻȻסʥһֻЩղסҶһֻҲˡ
˫еĽҶҪһնʱʱҶͻȻתͷһСӰתȥ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣һ̣˴㵵Ŀ֮УҶͻȻ˽Ȼһ̨Ȼ֮ǰĿλʱѾտҲ
ôܣ
ҶüͷɨһܣܣûǸˣ
ôˣʱҶԡ
Ҷ˫ۻҿҪҵǸˣ
ü΢΢һɨһܣȻҶվλãһᣬȻղվһŮӣҪҵģһŮӣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ϊβ㣿
ҶЦЦҵɣ
СߵƢ֪ģ߰ĲУԷ£СѾͷƢ϶ûǵġ
΢΢ͷҪô࣬ȻѾһ㿴ζţûоܾ㣬һʱɡ
Ҷ˵ͷɨһܣȻǸָ鷳ˣ
ЦЦȻʵҺϣˡ
ҶҪ˵ʲôȴҡҡͷȻתͷԶǰ׷ߣ£һ˵ıԾƽ֣Σ
ǰ׷߿һĿҶϣǺˣ˾ĽΪУ
ҶҾܾش𣡡
ԣ׷üͷʱʱȴǵ߰ɣ
˵꣬תסҶļȻֱʧԭء
˵ʱ׷ǰȹŮͻȻ
׷æ
ȹŮ΢΢ͷȻʧԭء
ĳ䣬ȹŮͻȻƬǽ£ǰһСŮ
Ҫȥ鷳ʱСŮͻȻ
ȹŮһĨ죬ʶ
СŮ˵ͷԣҪȥ鷳
ȹŮӵɱ
СŮҡҡͷɱ㣡
ԣȹŮüͷʱô㣿
СŮߵȹŮӵǰȻΪҶ㣬ҲŶ˵Щ㲻֪ԸǳƢһˣ˵֪ݣ֪ݣҰԴʵ
ǺˣȹŮӳ
СŮתͷȥҶ֮ǰվλáһᣬһˣ
ȹŮӣ
֮С
ڣֻҶ
뿪壡ͻȻ
Ҷǰ£ˣ
ҡҡͷܾˡ
ΪΣҶʡ
̫̣Ȼǹھܾ֮ЩѾǲĵˡ뿪塣أ壿ҽ鲻ҪôΪԲģңһ̫Σգ
ҶұҪҵȻһ뿪
Ȼ϶СߣԷ϶ǲ뿪ġ
룬Ȼ΢΢ͷҲգԼŰɡˡгûȤμӣ

Ҷʲô
ݣһֹĻÿʮٰһΡݣܹоǧŰپʮɡ˵һ÷ǳ˵ı꣡
ꣿ
Ҷμӣ
Ц͵˵˵ˡλֲõݣԣ壬κһŶԲμӡԣǳǳ֣Ϊʱ壬μݣ壬ܹʶһ⣬иԭ⣬ǵݣ
Ҷ룬Ȼʱɣ
΢΢ͷҸ˽ȥûʲôʧң֪ܲ߳ݣ˵۵Ͽɡ
û߳𣿡Ҷʡ
ҡҡͷʹҲֻߵŰʮҵλáѾ˲ˣδڣ¶ܹԽˣ
ݣ
ҶһᣬȻãȥμһǸʲôݣ


1921 ڣ
뿪ҶԭأȻ˺ڡ
ҶվһԲʯϣֽǰԶһƬٲΧ֡
룡
֮ǰǰȹŮӵһս
ٶȣ
֮ǰһս֮ԻˣҪһԭ˶Է֮⣬һԭǾٶȣԷٶȫѹ
ԷٶҪ࣡
ٶȣ
һεսõ֪ٶȷ棬Ĳ㡣
ٶȣʱҶǰ
˵ͷȷʵ񣬵ǣڵңѾﵽٶȵļޣҲ˶ˡ
ڵٶϸַ֮ЩѾޡǾЩõǿٶȣȻҲһʵķԾ
ǣھ翨澳ελãȥ
磡
ҲĿǰһ⣡
ʱٶȷõһЩĻҵи취
ʲô취Ҷ

ԭеĻϣڼѪ󣡡
Ѫ󣿡ҶɫЩŹ֣е찡
νѪ󣬾ѪҺѪҺȻԴΪٶȵõ󻯡һУЧʵǳ
ΪΣҶʡ
Σգ
ǳΣգΪԿҪǳĸߣһԼŪѪ
Ѫ
Ҷ
㲻õ⣡
ʱֵΪǳǳǿңڻڣѹԣ㲻õİԼŪıը
Ҷ˵ͷɣ
ܿ죬һϢҶС
Ѫ
Ѫ󣬼˵ѪҺѪҺ֮еȻԴӶٶȵõ󻯡
кָϽҶûñǽѪˡٶȻȶΪҪѪԼЩ֮ںϣ
ȻƾѪٶǻûԭԼٶȿģ
תʮȥ
ƶУҶֽ˫΢գ£һõĽ
ĳһ̣ҶͻȻ۾ת˲ϳ˵ĺ⣬һֻ̣⣬ˡ
˿̣ҶѾǧɿ⡣
ǧ⣬Ҷ˿Լ壬˿̣оԼ徹Ȼһ˺ѸУ
ٶȹԵʣ
ٶȲڿˣ
ʱҶǰûдﵽʱٶȲȻܲٶȡڵٶȣѾԶεǿߣѾǳǳˡ˵澳ǿУٶȣѾǳˣ
Ҷ˵ͷڵٶȣ֮ǰ˲ĳɣСĳɣĳٶȣõɱһЩǿˣ
ԣڵٶȣѾļޣ
˵ܷã
ںҶ˺ŶҶʱһǰվһŵŮӣŮӣס
㣬˵ҪμӵݵĻԶˣ׵
Ҷ˵ͷȻҲҪȥ
΢΢ͷȥ
߰ɣҶ
뿪ƿ;Ӻǵϳſڣʱ轭ѾȺڴˡ
һҶͻȻü΢΢һѪ
ô֪Ҷдž֮ɫ
Ѫûгƽȥ㣬ô
ҶЦû£Щ⣬Աģ
һҶȻ˵ͷҲǣСЩΪá
Ҷ˵ͷһģ
߰ɣ
£һӣֱʧԭء
⣬ƶС
ݲڳУҶʡ
ҡҡͷУǿ֮ϡ
Ҷ̧ͷȥʲôҲûп
ʱ֪һģ壬ħ壬壬Լ壬ǺһЩصܶ
壿ҶĿ
壬һ崿ȱ廹ߵ壬̫̫٣ˡң岻ϲˣǻģӴ
壡
Ҷ뵽½Ǹ峤ǸͷԷ壡
壬о壬壬ħȵȣЩһЩص壬ΪǲԾҲӴ
ħҲҪʱһԵ轭ͻȻ岻𣿡
У
Ҷ轭дѯ֮ɫ
轭һҶȻħĶԹҪǰ˵ʵ򵥵˵̡û˽׽ģҪúܶܶࡣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
轭ֵʱħ嶼طǸʱط˿ٳģȻģ嶼ˣӮˡռطҲΪˣħÿһʱ䣬嶼ᷢĦ
ԭˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷԭҲСҲǧ󣬵ǣ˵ĵطзġ
ʵصģӦ壡
ʱ轭ͻȻһ壬嶼Ҫأ
壿
ҶʲôͻȻһԵ󣬴˿̣ɫȻЩء
轭˵ʲôȴҡҡͷѾȥҲգ
ԣ轭æͷû˵ʲô
Ҷ
Ҷûз֣ɽ֮еһöͻȻ˲޵۾תһ£ָܿ
ʱҶħȻУǣҲûнֹħμݣΪ൱һαȽϣŵıȽϡ˵ݣһǧļᣬŵļᡣ
ŵļᣡ
Ҷ˵ͷҲãҲʶһǧŶЩʲôġ
ܿ죬Ĵ£ǿ֮С
С
ÿһǿգ˸оǺСããǿǰǺεǿߣԵôСô΢
棡
಻ĿģҲƿܣ
һʱ
ͣˣ
ˣ
̧ͷȥңԶǿһʯݣʯݿɣԼɡ
ʯݾǿϣһֱӵڵǿ
ݣ
ݣݡ壬һ仰ݣݣڣ
ڣ
ҶҪ˵ʱСð˳ɨһܣĿϡ
ܿ죬Сð⡣
Ҷ
ʱСͻȻתͷҶգգۣСצָָԶʯݣȻָָԼɫޱȵ档
˼ǣҰɣ
Ҷ


1922 Ը
СҪݣ
ҶЩ£ʱССצͻȻٻԽ裬Խ˷ܡ
һᣬҶתͷݡ
ܿ죬СΪλҪˡ
ʯ
ݣʲôʯͷģһּ侫ʯɡ
൱ɾʯľȣɾʯߣ

ĺܺ
Ҷڵĸо
ʱСָָݣȻֻСצָָҶĸȻǽҶݰᵽȥ
ᵽ
ҶЦЦҲ밡ǣ
ҶС׵СԴأҪΪǱ˵ģҪᱻģڣǴ򲻹ˣ𣿡
СգգۣȻСצ˻ӡ˼˵Ĵ򲻹
Ҷǳĵ˵ͷ
״СЩĿһݣȻܵ˺ڡ
ղǸʲôʱһԵͻȻ
Сףйһ֮ԵġǸСһģ

ʱһԵ轭ͻȻ
Ҷ轭Щȡ
轭һ⣬У¼˸ԼһЩ¡иʷһЩ˵һЩؾҲǵһμ
⣡
Ҷ룬Ȼ󣬡ǰȥ֮ҿȥʲô⿴𣿡
΢΢ͷɣ
ҶҪ˵ʱͻȻתͷˣ
ҶתͷȥֻǲԶ·һȻߵλü
ţ
ܿ죬ЩʧжˣԶеĻڰУûѡ
ݺ󣬲ҪǿԼ
ʱͻȻ˵Ŀʲôö֪ǣȥ֮󣬾ҲûҲֱ֮ӷ񲡣ҲЩ˻˺ܶôеˣֱϽŽеǻһЩ߱֮Щ죬ǸǻԼ컯
ݣ
Ҷ̧ͷȥǿ֮УûκĵطܹݵľͷǣԣоȷʵЩ죡
ʱһ׷ͻȻԶǰ
׷ɨһܣȻһţԿɲμӵݡûйȥ֮Ըڣʼ
£׷ֱʧԭء
ܿ죬һӰǿ֮һϣȻ첽ȥ
˵һܿеڶ
ҶԣͻȻҶļ򣬡չСһ
Ҷ轭һۣȻЦһչ˰ɡ
΢΢ͷСĵ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷû˵轭һϡ

Ҷĵһо˫Ųϣͺǲ޻һǳǳ
ĬһᣬҶ׵ˣ߰ɣ
˵ţǰȥ׵ȻҶˣǴʱ˿̣Ѿͷˡ
ݣһоǧŰپʮɡߣǧŰپʮҲҪһʱġ
ҶеģǣһշֱӻҷϷ뷨
߰ɣ
߸
һʼߵĶǣģҶЩԾˡ
ΪǰһЩˣٶȲ廹ھҲšеģֱͣԭأĿǰ˫۴ͣ·˻һ㣡
СЩҶѵ
ԣ˵˵ͷ
ҶŲ΢ӿһЩ˿̣轭ˣѾݵмλãΧҲһЩ
ͻȻ轭ͣ
ҶתͷҪ˵轭˫ͻȻԲǼʲôŵ顣
ҶüͷҪ轭ʱһͻȻһԴûǱ
ҶתͷȥԶһŻ۵ӡ
ӿһ轭Ѿ˴֮УǸǻȫԼ컯
󣿡Ҷ⣬˭ģ
ӵԹ꣬ܶܶԹġ
£û˵ʲô첽Զȥ
Թ꣡
Ҷüͷ΢壬ɨһܣܣûзʲôԹꡣ
СЩɣʱͻȻѵ
Ҷ˵ͷ˼ǰߣܿ죬˲һǧɺ轭ͫҲͣԭء
֮ǰ轭һ㣬ͫվԭأ˫ԲУǴ͡
ҶһԵף㻹Ҫ𣿡
΢΢ͷɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ׼ǰ˿̣ΧѾԽԽ٣ǰֻȼˡ
Ժ󻹻𣿡ʱͻȻ
Ҷ룬ȻӦûذɣô
׿һҶԺһ᲻ǵˣ
ҶЦЦֻҪ㲻ɱңǲɱġ
Ϊս𣿡׵
Ҷ룬Ȼ룬ҿܲᡣΪֻҪһ壬϶ͻᱻ׷ɱ
Ǿɣ׵
Ҷ࣡
ֱҶҲࡣȻҲǡֻǣУࡣ
ҶĬ
ֵƬ浮رǵ徭εսÿһսӮһһдˣȻǸϾɱǴν壡
Ҷҡҡͷһ죬ˡǺпܾԼԼġ
׵˵ͷΪȻ
巢չܿ죬ǣóڶһ塣ڻԻ͵壬Ҳڶ
ʱ׵ԣݲ㣬ɡڣ壬Ҫһϯ֮صġ
ҶЦЦҪ˵ʲôͻȻͣˣ
ԣҶ͵תͷʱ˫Ѿ
ԭأҶ˫ۻǰܹܵʲô𣿡
һᣬʲôҲܲ
ԣҶɫʱ䶼оʲô
Сӣ̫ʲôȻ죬ǣҲ˵ǳǳΣգԷ󲻽Ȼȥʵõ˴ԣƽİɣ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵ʲôǰߡ˿̣յֻʣ²ǧɡ
ǰ棬ֻˣŮ󣬻ˡ
һʼߵĶܿ죬ڣʣµЩÿһߵĺǳ
ҶǰţԼһٶɺҶͻȻͣͬʱ˫Բ


1923 Ĺ
Ҷʲô
ǰһŮӣŮӲǱˣĸ׷


ҶһоҪٵƬ󣬶ʱһͻȻǰ𣬡Ϊǻ󣿡
Ҷ˫΢Уתͷȥұ߲ԶһӰӰ֮УԼԼһˣǣȴ޷ݡ
ʱǺӰںúÿ
ҶɨһܣĿǰϡ
Ҷ
ǰķַҶϣĿЩͣ㣬㳤ˡ
ģ
ҶͻȻð뷨Ǹڸǰġ
ҶһȻǰŮӣʹǼٵģҲɱ㣡
䣬һһصֱӳܡ

ֺ֮ǰķֱӻһӰһǺӰҲ¶Ŀ
һź۵ӣ
򡭡
ӿһҶЩӣöûмˡ
ǣҶʡ
˵һ»Ұӵ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ݾǸʲôڣ
ԥ£ȻҲգҲʲôܣҲ޷ݣΪݣʵĹ
Ĺ
ҶüͷĸˣһĹأ
ӵ˵ͷһǿ߻ǵĹء
˭ǵģ
Ҷۣ
ۣ
ЦЦûǸңҲǱ֮ˣ
˭Ҷʡ
ӳĬһᣬȻһ۵ߣ
ߣ
Ҷԭأ
ߣ
˺һᣬҶѹס֮е𾪣ȻʣΪҪǣ
ӿЦЦͳ֮ʱǧ棬壬壬ħ壬壬壬塭嶼ͳ֮Сʵվ⣬ˣվӵˡǲһۣʹǿҲλֳַۣǰԵôôС
ҶһӣȻΪʲôҪͳ֮
ӿɬǼλߣǣ̫͵ˡ͵˾Ҳˡһ죬ˡʱ˲ʶĿ£ϧѾˣ
ҶĬ
ߣ
ӵͷĺҲ֪żȻɺϣͷѡΪˣΪ
ѵΪνĵͳ֮

ǿߣ׽λʥˣЩ˶˵һֱһѴһ֣϶
һ̣ҶоԼľһ޴У
λСѣɷһæʱͻȻ
Ҷջ˼ӣʲôæ
ɱңֱҶˣ
Ҷ⣬ΪΣ
ЦЦƬطǵĻǣκ˲뿪ǣСǣɱǣ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
򣡡
ӵĽ򣬿Գһأ޷á

ҶɨһܣڣΪ䶼޷Ĺˡ
ΪǵŪĵط
һ£
ʱӵɷ񽫴ｻҼ
£һöڵĽָҶǰ
ȻҶȴҡҡͷǰҲԸ㣬ǣĵλʵЩΣǰʵӦܹȻ壬ϻѪĻ幦ȥңû뿪
𱨣
΢΢ҡͷҼôͰҷ
Ҷԥ£Ȼǰ̫ʵɣ
ӿһеĽָ״ǼһֻϽ䣬ˡޣܹеЩ̣
Ҷǰôң
ߵҶǰЦһ㣬һǳˣȻһλţ㲻ԴƿҵġȻҪǣûʲôѡҵô꣬ȻҲЩܹߵǣȴֲң㡭
ôҶʡ
ӳǲ㣡
ΪΣҶ⡣
ֱҶϣηĶҲ֪ʲôǣǱܵη塣

Ҷ뵽˺˵ЩηĶ
ӵЩǣѰԼˣȻԼдȥ֮ǰ֮㣬Ҳ뷨Ϊ壬Ǻܿ죬֪ҵĴУ϶ǿϵġ
˵⣬еĽָһЩ£һЩֻ峤ʸ֪飬Ҷڴ˽֮УҪǣ˴˽䣬ܹҵĻޡСѣܷ񽫴˽ͻң
Ҷ룬Ȼǰ˵ǰͷȥңΪѪҪɱңʱҿɲģ
Цģӵд˽䣬ҼҲôȻһûӵĲݰǾˡ룬ǲһݰҼġУǾô˽ٻޣȻɡ
ԣҶûԥӹɽ䣬Ȼ壬ȥһˡ
лӵڣСѰһæɡ
ǰҪôҶ
ЦԸˣεĻţľˣ
ҶĬһᣬȻ˵ͷʩչ˽
ʩչ˫ۻܿ죬ԽԽãʮϢӳʧ˳С
˿̣ҲָҶص֮ϡ
Ҷͷ˿еĽָȻţǰȥ
ʱǰֻʣˣһһŮ
һһŮǰšȻżͣǺܿ죬ֻǰߡ
ҶٶԽԽ죬Ϊ֮Ҳûҹ
ܿ죬ҶһһŮԡ
ʱһһŮͣ˽ŲͬʱҶ
ҶҲˣеīɫۣ磬ǷӢ
ŮһϮŻƵɫȹȹϵأȴòΪһɫߡ
壿ŮͻȻ
ҶҪ˵ʱŮü΢Ѫ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣЩȣŮˣȻܹһۿϵܡ
˰
ûж룬Ҷ΢΢˵ͷȻǰ
ŮҲû˵ʲôǰ
˼ݵľͷȥ
ݾͷԽԽݻвһʱͻȻͣ
Ϊǰһϸ
ϸĿֱҶԵŮϡ
Ӷ΢΢һ񣬡Ӧþħǧ˰ɣ
ߴһӣȻԪ壬ħһô꣬һˡ
䣬һӣֱʧԭء
ϸҶŮãȻ塭ûĪɵǧ꣡
ǵһǿߣʥĪӡŮӾ
ϸ΢΢ͷû˵ʲôһӣŮֱʧԭء
ʱͻȻתͷҶǿɱλʥҪ㣬λʥ˴Ҳ㡣˲ˣײףɱ
Ҷֱϸ


1924 ꣡
ʥף
ϸУҶ֪طӦûλǿߡ
ϸҪ뿪ʱҶͻȻΪʲô
ϸͣ½ŲҶ
Ҷ룬ȻҾãⲻ㿴츳ʵҲ˵ǶӦΪͽǰ
Ϊͽ
ϸЦһССͣƤѾֺȣ
Ҷ
ʱϸֵ츳ֻһ㣬ܹߵζţʵ϶Ǽǿġ츳һ㣬˵رҪҪʵȻǼϼһҲݺˡ
ȻأҶʡ
ϸ֪ΪβԸǵĴУ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ϸֱҶΪҪˣ
Ҫˣ
Ҷס
ʱϸֵǣѾĿҪϨˣӦÿԼǲǡúʣµʱɣ
£ϸֱʧԭء
ǣ
Ҷ˫ۻʵǰ֪ʲô⣿
ΪÿһˣԼǣǣܹԼǵģֻʥǿ߲ܹ㡭Сӿһǣʲôˣ߶ǣ
Ҷɫ
½ʱһʥˣλʥ˲ûиǵ飬ȻʱûġҲ˵ǲųֵ⣡
ѵǿڸ
Ҳ̫ܣϾҪɱĻкܶ࣬ԹɱøС
˼ãҶ޷ܵ𣿡
ǿµĵطˡܲζţֻһϸŻ㣻ǣжֵˣʵѾǿһּΪµĵز磬Էʵﵽʥ˼𡣵ǣԷﵽʥ˼Ҫɱ㣬ȫҪְϷ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵô֮ٴ壬ȻȥܣöԷ
Ҷ˵ͷҲֻˡ
ջ˼Ҷ̧ͷȥһɾ͵ݵľͷˡ
ߣǲߣ
Ҷ룬Ȼǰߡ
ȻѾˣǾͽɣ
ҶǰߣһΣŲЩ졣ģҶ֣ЩԾˡ
أ
ĽŲ֪꿪ʼ˿̣ݾͷвʮɣ
Ĭһ˲Ҷתͷȥ
һҶֱס
Ϊ棬һˣ֮ˣȫѲˣ
죡
ĬƬ̣ҶתݾͷͷƽޱȣʲôҲûУ
һᣬҶǰߡ
ܿ죬ݾͷԽԽˡһӺҶվݾͷͷ֮⣬޾ǿա
֮⣬ʲôҲûУ
ҶҡҡͷҪתȥʱһͻȻ𣬡ô꣬һļһ
£Ҷǰƾճһߡ
Űۣͷѩף˫ָͷһӡǡ
ҶһߣȻǰǣ
΢΢ҡͷ֪֪һܹȻߵˡ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ߵ
ȻΪ߷ʡ
Ҷߵĺɣûиоʲôѵģ
߿ҶãȻҺ֣ݣΪβ赲㣡
赲Ҷǰ赲ˣ
΢΢ҡͷչգ
˵⣬ҶҲ֣Ҵδôô˾ˣҪǣһһ
ҶǰܰȥЩ𣿡
΢΢һ㶣Ȼҡҡͷ
Ҷֵǰܹüҵ𣿡
ĿƵҶͷȻ˵ͷܣ
ܰ𣿡Ҷʡ
΢΢ͷҪϨˣ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ߵ˲ɾĶ
Ҷ
ΪʲôҪ㣿ʱͻȻʡ
ҶҪ˵ʱüͷ΢壬һᣬ֮⣬ǿͻȻһը
ҶǱһۣȻתͷǰߣ˿̣ͷԼģģһѪۡ
ˣ
Ҷɫ˲ˡߵʵҲʥ˼𰡣⣬Ȼܹ
ԼʲôʱôֲĴڣ
Ҷӵʺţ
һᣬ߿Ҷǲʲôڣ
Ҷʲô˼
߳ԷʵҪɱ㣬ֱ練ƣǣԷȴѡֶȡ֮ķʽû´ʲôõöԷɵӶöԷҽӽ㣡

Ҷ뵽˺ֿܹ˵ʥ˵ɵǾֻкˡ
Ҷǰ԰ҽ𣿡
ҡҡͷˡΪ޷뿪ݣ
ˣ
ҶĶʱһ⣬ʥԸȻ¾Ҳ޷Ū߶Է
ҸǣΪβ㣡ͻȻһţᱻ赲ʮλáǣȴܹߵСӣΪҽ𣿡
ҶЦЦǰôʲô򵥵㣬ǰʲôиңǾ͸ɣһǲܾġǰ˵Ҳǿ󣡡
ҡҡͷ㵹ֱӣ
ҶЦЦҲû˵ʲôôŰߡ
Ҳû˵˶Ĭ
һᣬҡҡͷ֮󣬿ҲûܹˡʹܣҲ֪ҪȶꡣҲգǸǻƾɣ
䣬һУɲǼ䣬ͻȻɫģЩɫͷ۶ȥܿ죬һɫС˰ߵͷ
˿̣ɫСڳ˯
ǣҶʡ
ߵһ
ʲôãҶʡ
ֱҶһ仰Сӡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ߵ˽磬˾ӵ壬ԣ䣬Ҳӡ壬ӵߣ

Ҷһǰİߣ˿̣Ѿµߵˡ
Ҷ壬ѾλǸµĺˣ
΢΢ҡͷһӳиҵǿ߾֮Ͼͳ߲ǿһ壬ǷǳΣյģңǲǿҲû취ڣ𣿡
ҶǰҪ
ߵǣΪ㲻ʺ䡣Ҫػߣ꣡


1925 Ϣ᲻裡
ػߣ
ò˵ҶߵĻ𾪵ˡ壬ɲһ壬һ壬һһǿ塣˵ҶԵô΢
˼ҵػߣ
ûǸңһ࣬Щ˵ԣ˼ôܻһǵػߣ
֪Ҷ룬ֵǲǾԼʵ
ҶЦЦȻǰⲻʵ⣬Уǰǣ࣡
࣡
Ц
ôҶʡ
Цһǿǿ壬ǵ֮ϣǿԼ嶼ǱġǣһΪһ峤
Ҷǰ˵壿
΢΢ͷ磬һ壬ԶܾǿߡֻҪǿʲô壬Ҫôõ˵𾴣Ҫôõ˵η塣ǿͲ壡
ҶЦЦȻǰ⣬ΪʸΪػߣ
ߵƾܹȻߵܹߵѾܹ֤ˣ
ҶĬһ˲ȻʣˡֱԣΪҪΪػߣ
Цˡָָ⣬ǱߣһȡǣڹãܾͻᱻԷŪֱ䡣
˵⣬һУͷɫСʱɵǰȡϰɱϣа֣
ܿǼһҶʡ
ܣǣܹ赲Էһʱ䡣
ߵһҲǾҲ²⣬ԷӦòǺγɣ˵⣬һҶΪλ
ҶЦЦʵʱ˿̣ѾµǶʲôˡ
а
ǵʥѹаûаϣû뵽ԷȻ˵Ŀֲʥ˶ˡԷֱӽ壬ǵãǣԷ
ȻԷǸоΣգ
ô
ʱֵܹںϣܹӵ֮֮֮ô˵ɣܹںϵĻ֮㣬ʥ˶Իɱ㡣֮⣬ĺô
ǰǿߣΪβЩţҶʡ
ҡҡͷûܹߵ
ԭأҶĬ
ֱ½ˣպ鷳¿϶١Ȼ鷳²٣ǣ˵ôҲܶࡣ
ô鷳У
գҶǵ˵ͷ鷳ʲôȲùܣȰѺô˲
һĻ΢΢һЦǰİɫһĨ֮ɫܿ죬ָһǰɫֱӻһ׹ûҶͷ
壬Ҷһ󣬺ܿ죬ܣһɰɫ
ںϣ
ߵս壬㻹ûںϣˣڻ޷Ҳ޷ںϷΪ֣ڻꡣÿһεںϣʵõʵķԾ֮ĥɣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻߣ֪ǰ𣿡
ЦôҪȥң
ǰҪĻҿ֪ͨ壡Ҷ
ҡҡͷûǸҲᡣ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
Цһӣһڵ壬Ѿǵ塣ȥڵΰ죿
ҶЩʧͷڵȻûʲôϵģҲ˵˾Ҳͷˡ֮ʧΪһҪС϶Щ鷳ˡ
һ
ʱͻȻָһһöȭͷӡҶǰ
ӡ
ߵﲢûʲôʵԵãֻһݵȻڴ˵أǣҵһЩˣšöӡպ˵ܹﵽʲô
ҶûоܾöӡȻǰ£뿪ˣ
ߵ˵ͷ߰ɣ
ҶŰ߱˱ȭȻתȥ
ҶȥʮϢһͻȻڳ𣺡ϲһҵ飡
һɴ̹ǵĺ⡣
ߵһԴ˵أɱ㣬һּɣ
ҲԼͷ
Цǵ걻ѹԪֻɫҿԴʮ
߳ĬϢȻǣʵסϷһ죬Ҫˣߴˣѡûкýģ
ûдˣһѡˣ
Ц֮ҿԿٻָ壬ܹʵõڣϲȻба֮ܣϧҲһϴˡ˶ãҾͻ˺
ΪβֱӸϣʱͻȻʡ
ʱĬˡ
Цˣû˵ʲôΪˣѾ뿪ˡ
УվԭأãͻȻ㶼κǰˡΪΣ
ĬãһͻȻڳ𣺡Ϣ᲻裡
Ϣ
ԣͫʱȻһ

˿̣Ҷݵ;˿̣ѾûʲôˡûͣҶݺֱǰʱ轭Ҳԡ
ĿⶼҶϡ
ЦôջСɣ
ҶЦԣ
΢΢ͷȻǾҪ뿪壬أ£һͬ壿
Ҷûпǣ£
С߲ȥСߡ
ԥ£ջǵ˵ͷԼСЩպ뿪ݲ㣬Ǿ塣˾Ȼͨ죬ǣֻҪ壬κβ㣡
л
ҶЦʱ첻ȥˣҾȥ壡
΢΢һЦû˵ʲô´轭ʧԶ
Ҷûߵס
׵λǰһ仰㣿
ף
Ҷ΢΢һ漴ˡӦþ֮ǰϸ˵ס
ʲôҶЩ档
Сģ
Сģ
Ҷüͷʲô˼
΢΢ҡͷҲر֮ԼСĵɡǣ
䣬תһʧԶ
ԭأҶüͷĸˡ
ʱһȹŮͻȻƾճҶǰ
ȹŮӣǵ̨ϴսǰȹŮӡ
ȹŮӴһҶ뿪壡
Ҷջ˼ֱӰȹŮӣΪʲô
ȹŮӵЩˣܹʵģҪκβʵʵ룬Ϊǻ㶪ף


1926 ɱ
ʵʵ뷨
ҶֱӰȹŮӣʶСߣ
ȹŮӵʶ
ҶҶСûʲôʵʵ룬ֻԼã
ã
ȹŮͻȻҶĻ䣿
ʱҶͻȻǰһ˿̣ȹŮֻвһֵֻľ롣
ҶֱӰȹŮӣĸ߰ԴʲôԼʵ
ôȹŮӷʡ
ҶЦЦûʲôֻЩ߹ۿ˵Ͱˡ
ȹŮ
ʱҶٴγǰһ俴ǰȹŮӣɱ
ȹŮһĨɱ⣬һ̣һֱ̽ĨҶĺ
ʱҶҲѾ
أ
һըҶǰȹŮֱӷ˿Ȼܿ죬һӰͻȻҶ󣬲ת˲ڰȹŮӵƾճһ⣡
䣡
Уռ
Ϣ˷˿ң
ȹŮҶٶȡ
˵⣬ȹŮ˫ͻȻȻһȻֹΪһѾͷŮӷӦܿ죬ҽһʱֱӻһӰҶ
ǣճҶһ˲һȴǺ׳
˿̣ҶѾ
ٶȣ
ѧѪ֮ҶٶѾﵽļޣڵٶȣȻ˵ȫѹȹŮӣǣҲٶϳԿˣ
һ£
䣡
ҶһӰֱӳ׷˳ȥǺܿ죬ǵӰǿͣ
⣬ȹŮӳȹƮƮҶͻȻֽü䣬в֪Ĭʲô
ģΧǹͻȻŤ
ƣ
УͻȻŮӵŮ£ͻȻŮֻܼһ˲䣬ҶǰǳǵصĽ
ЩܼĴһ㣬Ҷûȥ
ҶҴ⣬΢ɲǼ䣬ʮõǰת˲ʮʼתţһⲻϳڳС
Щһ޴Ĺֱ֣ӽҶ
ǿ֮У뽣ײõǿնΪ֮Ҳ
ˣ
ʱһ̶ĽͻȻǽ֮ת˲һֱӽǽ˺ѿһ·˺ѣ;֮Щֱӱ˺ѷ飬գۼ䣬ǰȹŮӵǰ
ȹŮɫ䣬ȴޱȡû뵽ǰྐྵȻܹ׾ٵľƿЩ
Ҵ⣬еǰ͵ؾһ̣

ȹŮ־һת˲һɾ޴ֱӴ֮ϣõðȹŮ˳׷˳ȥ
ɳȥһ˲һǰһ
һɲǣ
һɲǣ
ʱһɲǣڼӳѪ֮ٶ뱬֮ǰӿֲ
һǰȹŮӶ޿ɶ㣡
һϢ󣬳ͻȻ
˿̣ҶվǰȹŮӵǰڰȹŮӵü䣬һ
ȹŮӰˣ
ҶеĽǰ˵֣Ȼ߹󣿸ңʲô߹ģ
ȹŮҶû˵
СģҶͻȻֵ
ȹŮӵ
ͣ
Ƥ
һѪ԰ȹŮü˳
ҶֱӰȹŮӣΪҲɱ㣿Ҫ𣿡
ȹŮû˵
ҶǷһĨЦҪ֣ʱһͻȻһԴ𣿡
£һ׷߳˲Զ
ߣҶԷйһ֮Եǵ̨ϼ׷ߡ
ҶЦЦȻǰİȹŮӣԺû£ǰߴᡣСߵ飬ֲǰߴߴᣡ
䣬ҶգȻתȥ
ʱǰ׷ͻȻҶǰ
ôҶ
׷ߵ뿪壡壬ӭ壡
Ŷ
Ҷ䣬һֱʧԶǿ֮С
һĻ׷ɫʱޱѿҪ׷ȥʱһԵǰȹŮͻȻˣȥɣ
׷΢΢һ٣Ȼ
ȹŮӵ鵽𣿡
׷ߵС㣬ˣһƲ磬ԺǧҪǰ
ôȹŮӿ׷ߣ鵽ʲô
׷ߵ˵ʵֻ֪֪½磬ƺ˾һ׷ɱе˾ϵѪйء֮⣬ĳλƺҲʶ֮Ҳ򵥡
ȹŮ̧ͷԶҶʧλã飡
׷΢΢ͷȻתȥ
ȹŮӿҶʧλã˫΢öСûʲô룬Ȼ嶼ס㣡

ңԶǿ֮УҶͣȻڡ
һڣСյļϣ˿̣һ˲˲ضǰ

Сһǰ͸Ҷ
СעӵЩӣӦ˵Ӻ
ԭֻǸҶ󣬵ӲС׸˺ڡ
ͺˡ
£
ú£
ĵһо
ʱСͻȻɵǰȻСצǣţԼԴУѯ֮ɫ

ʱһԵշ㣬Ϊʲôûнǣ

ʱͻһɿֲϯ
ǰСֱӱɿ⣡
СգգۣգʣҪʲô
պ˹ȻҾãҪǣ
ԣСֻСצʱ
ʱͻȻС͵ؾһ
䣡
һСһϯȥ
֣С׶ʱŭˡ
С׿˿Զܿ죬˿УСһ
ɲǼ䣬ϣֱ壬ȻС׻۶ȥ
γɣ֮ɣСȻĿƣ
һ̣ʱЩˡ
͵̧ͷϵСףһ̣һ𣬽ţһɫʵСױȥ
ʣСգգۣСצһģܿ죬һצУǾòצһ̯һצС
С׾ֻСצȻһ
ȻĶ֣
δӽֱӱɢɢˡ
һĻСգգۣһ̣оЩԾˡ
ô죿
Сת
һԣҶûг֡СףԵҲã
ʱԶСͻȻɿţצ
䣡
һɿֲϢͻȻСϯҶ㵵Ŀ֮УֱӱϢӲƻԭλ
Ҷ


1927 ںϣ
СӣֹʥϢó
ʱһԵĺͻȻ
ʥϢ
ҶһæС׵ǰһ̣ǹϢֱӽƵˡ
ʣСգգۣ˿ԼצӣȻֿҶ۾գѽգԼʲôʱôˣ
ţ
ʱҶСţţ֪𣿡
СգգۣȻҡҡСԴʾҲţ
ҶֵƽͣҪǸȻȻܻ˵أ
ԣСһ飬æצ˿
״ҶһɣȻС׵ǰȻղҪʹã𣿡
Ĳʹã
ʱһԵĺ䲹һ䡣
Сӵʥ˼ӳ֣ҲʥϢʥϢ˵Сǿֱɱһλǿߵģ֮еžˡ
ǴʱҶǺ䣬ܲסһ
Ȼ̫Ҷ˼С׻ϰԵĵ˵СԴҶǰǷǳǳġʱ뵽ʲôȻָָԶţСצٻ
۸ң
С׵˼
Ҷתͷ˿̣Ҳڿߣ׼ȷ˵ڿСףУһ˿ɵ֮ɫ
ҶСǰСͻȻСצƤһæ
С׺ݺݵصһɻûأ
Ҷ໹СףȻ֪ܹöҵĻҲϲǿˣ㲻Ըңȥ
ǿ
ںϵ飬ҪԸȻֻʵ䷴
΢΢ҡͷ
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
ĬһᣬҸ㣡
ᣬŮ
ҶһȻΪҪС׳֣
һСףȻΣգ
Σգ
СգգۣȻҶ
Ҷˡγɣ֮γɣǣСȻĿơˣСʱܵĳ֡
ʱСҶգȻָָȻʣʲô˼
ҶЦЦȻ˵˺ͳˣ
Һ
СҶĻ۾һȻתͷһЦСצ˻ӣ˼ǣҲġ

ҶҡͷһЦȻȻԸңǾͺúúɡҪôܹںϣ
ҪԼһѡ壬ʱںϣҲᷴǣں϶٣ͿԼˡ
ҶںϺô
ɳ
ɳҶ⡣
΢΢ȻںϣܹҵںϣܹɳǻݻҲһ
Ȼָϵߣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻںϰɣ
еʹ࣡
£ֱӻһ׹ûҶü䡣
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ˫ֱԲܿ죬ʼŤ
ʹ࣡
ʹֱࣿ
ָоͺñָͻȻһĳһء
壬꣬һ̶ܵǿҵĳ
Ӧ
ʱҶ𣬡Ӧʹ࣬ǵһ޷Ӧʹ࣬һ뿪Ϊǿںϣ
Ӧ
ҶǿסȻڵأǿţ
ҶԣСտǼˡʱһԵĺ͵ںϣ֮ͻĸǿˣǳǿ
ССצ˻ӡ
Щͷʹ֪С˵ʲô
С㣬ûƭʱһԵƽĽ͡
æҡͷʾûС
Сתתܿ죬תͷգնʱоЩССףҪʲô
СһЦȻֱӻһ׹⳯üȥ
Ȼ
أ
ֱӰײһƨ˵ϣԼҲײĵ˵ϡ
СԼĶͷȻ̧ͷһԵĺ䣬Сצٻ˼ǣƭң
˹ҡ

ʱһһȥڣҶıѾƽ
ʹȻʹǶҶ˵ûô¡ϾΪ˶˲֪ٿࡣ
ת۰¹ȥ
ĳһ̣ҶͻȻ۾һ̣վͷԼ֣һᣬģֵܣͻȻһֻõİɫצ
ֻצֱӰ֣
ҶֻսֻսʱֻɫצȻҲŻս
צ
ϲʱҶԡ
Ҷҡҡͷһûںϡ
Ѿļޣ
ʱҶ𣬡ҵǿ̫࣬ںϵ̶ȣѾļޣںϣ궼ܲסʱֻʵ䷴
Ҷ˵ͷȻͷԼ֣׼ȷ˵צΣ
ԣ
ҶһȻ䣬ֱʧ
Ҷ
ЦЦҶ뿪˺ɲںԣٵ˺ڵĿռ䣬ᷢ쭵ġ
ããǿ֮УҶɨһܣȻԶǿ͵ؾһơ
䣡
һƬռ䣬ֱ
ֱ
½磬ҲһһƬռ䣬ǣǧ治һĿռǧι̫ˡ֮ǰֻýһɲǣſ˺ѿռ䣡
ڣһƣֱӽһƬռ
ĽһڶԼ֮䱬ǿɲһһô򵥣
ڣƾһצͿֱɱһλǿߣ
Ҷջ˼ȻɨһܣҪ뿪ʱ𣬡ӵ飬ñ֪
ΪΣҶ⡣
ʵǳǳǿǿ嶼Ϊ֮ɵĻػߣԴ˵Դϲǿ϶ҲԸ⡣ǣֻ澳Σʵ˵ͣ壬ֲ澳Σãǵػ𣿲ᣬǲᣬܻᣡ
ҶĬ
ʱֵԣñȥսԣ
Ҷ˵ͷˣ
ʱҶüͷͻȻת˲ʧԭء
֮⣬ҶͻȻͣǰ轭˿̣轭ֻʣһۣȫ˺ۣϢǳǳ
Ҷɫһô£
轭ɫҰףǾޱߺʱͻȻǿϮǣΪ˾ǣץˡͫ˳Ƿɢˡ
ץ
ԣҶɫʱ
ʱ轭ֵץǰҵ㣬Ȼ㣬뿪壡뿪
뿪壡
Ҷ˫΢УʲôΪҪô˵


1928 Ҷǳ
֮ô˵϶ʲô
֣ȻҶģ
УҶĬãȻ轭֪ͨûУ
轭ҡҡͷֻ˿Կϵǿߣڣ廹֪
ޱߺ
ҶĬãȻȥ
屻ǿ͵ϮΧ£ôҲҪ
轭˵ͷܿ죬ǡ
Ҷ轭ǰ˾ͱһ߸
轭ǰ轭
߿һ轭أ
轭ɫһ䣬Ȼæھޱߺʱǿ͵ϮڣѾԷץסҡ
кιϵͻȻ轭Ļ
轭屻͵Ϯģѵ岻Ҫ𣿡
߼ǿЦÿ궼ַͨʽ磬Ȼ£ѵҪ岻ɣ
轭˵ʲôʱҶͻȻҪ

Цһƾʲô
ҶãȻߣ
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
轭Ҳæȥ
Ҷߺüͷʱܿ죬˫ۻ˲δȥǣ

֣¸ǲйأĳ轭
ҶҲڿе㸴ӡϵףȻ취壡
أ轭æʡ
Ҷȥ󣡡

Ҷг𱨳жҶжڶԷΣ֮أȻԹۣ
һȥ轭
ҶҡҡͷڵҵףȻǻ壬֪ͨ塣Ϊ£϶ô򵥡
轭ԥ£ȻСĵ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷҲǣԭĵƫƧĵ
轭˵ͷأ
˵꣬תʧԭء
ҶɨһܣȻһʧԭء
Ҷ뿪ǣҪޱߺ
ޱߺʧޱߺĹйϵ
СӣлʱͻȻҶ
Ҷҡҡͷû˵ʲô
Ȼʶ̣ܶǣŮ˶ȴչˣΪ˵ǺͽܵԵʡǣЩҪҪ˼Ұܶæ
˻ţ͵жг𱨳
ʱֵܹץסҲǿߣڣʵ˵ʹĶεǿ߶ԻɱԣȻɣ
ҶԡȻôˡԼῴԼ
û˵ʲôˡ
ҶճûãͻȻͣ
𣿡
ʱһͻȻҶ
Ҷתˣ֮ǰס轭ߡ
Ҷתû´Ӧ֪顣
ߵ˵ͷ֪
Ը𣿡Ҷʡ
ЦȻԡʵ֪һΣҵĿ꣬󣬶㣡
ң
Ҷüͷʲô˼
Ц˾˾¶֮󣬺ܶ˶Ķˣú˵˵Щˣ壬壬ħ壬ǿߣŶأ
˵⣬ҡͷһЦЩأееͼ΢һ㣬Ǿǲϣ⽣ӻ˾
ҶҪ˵ʱͻȻʱ䣡
Ҷ˵ͷ֪˵ţԶߣΪҪǳ֣
һ谭
ߵ㣬ԼȻȥ£ϧһЩ飬ƫƫֲϿȥҪ֪ͨ㡣û취ֻܶˡ
Ҷ˵ͷڣҶˡ
䣬Ҷ̧ͷߣΣ
ߵ˵ͷϷ֪Ҷţθκβ㣬ԣѾ֪ͨеˣԷʮϢͿԵʮϢϷȻ޷ɱ㣬ǣסʮϢ׾ٵģأ
ʮϢ
ҶЦЦˡֱԣ̫Լˣ
䣬ҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾߵͷ
һ̣Ҷܣһֻɫצ
ҶһĨɫ̧͵ؾһġһģһصͬʱ˳С

Žĳ֣߶ʱоԼһѹסҶһƵ£˫ѹֱѹ嶼Ť
ͷһƣ֪Լص͹ǰλࡣ
ıõʱˣһǿƷӿʱҶһƣѾ£
䣡
£ǧڵĿռ䣬˲仯һƬڶ

һƣֱ˳ǧڵĿռ䣡
ߣѾޣ
ڵĿռڶ֮УҶ˿Լ֣һֱ̣ʧԭء
ҶʧʮϢһͻȻ֮ǰվλá
ʱеĿռѾָ
ɨһܣȻһ澳Σǿǿȥ
԰գֱʧԭء
ޱߺ
Ҷڻɱߺٶʩչ˼¡
һץ飬ޱߺĹѲ˸ϵ
Ȼܿ죬ҶͣΪһȹŮӳǰ
ҶɫһҪ˵ʱȹŮͻȻҸ뿪
뿪Ҷһ飬嶼Щ˲ˣ
ȹŮӵ֪
ҶôͲǵ巢ì𣿡
ȹŮߵҶǰ㵽ѵ֪һΣ˵Ŀ㣡֮ԱԣΪڱ㣬㣬ʵҪӵĻͬǿ߶ץ
Ҷһ˾УȻЦ⽣ôã˶Ҫ
֪⽣ô𣿡ʱȹŮͻȻʡ
ҶȹŮӣʲôô
ȹŮӵ˽˵ִ죬ôкܶܶ࣬иôǾƽ磬ܹ硣֮䣬Ͻ磬ǣһͿƵ˵һӵӵȨ
˵⣬ȹŮӶ˶٣ȻֵһãҲ֪ǲ档
ʲôôҶʡ
ȹŮӳŴ˽ɾ֮ն񡣡
ն
Ҷͷ˿ԼеĽȻȻǣҲû˵ôȻƽģ
˽нʱȹŮͻȻʡ
У
Ҷǡ
˵⣬ҶȻֹΪ֣⽣ûиǣǣ⽣ʶ
ܵʶ
ʱȹŮͻȻ˽ڵһսУѾܵشڵĳ˯СӴģһ˿ʶҲǣΪʲô˾СȻˡֱԣ˾ãԷʵǿ㣬¿ῴһۣ
Ҷ˵ʲôʱȹŮֵڲ뿪壬һ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ȹŮӵҸѾ֪ĴڣСߣѾˣ
㸸ҪɱңҶʡ
뷨ȹŮӵ
ҶЦЦȻŮӣҶǳ𣬷ǳǳļǳ𡣡
԰գתȥ


1929 
㲻뿪壬𣿡
ʱҶ󣬴˰ȹŮӵ
Ҷͣ½ŲҴ仰СߣҲ֪Ϊʲôңǣһģ
䣬Ҷһֱʧʡ
ԭأȹŮҡҡͷѰ·Ҳã

ȹŮӷֿҶֱӳޱߺȥ
һΣҶû뵽Ϊô鷳˾徹ȻҲڴ⽣⡣֪еʥԶԶûô򵥣
һ뵽ǿ׷ɱҶͷƤЩ飬ʱеˣ
ƶУҶС
ܿ죬Ҷޱߺ
ޱߺһ󽫹ءҶһεĿ꣬ȻȥɱԷһεҪĿǾˣ
ϢУҶǱ˺С
ףж졣
ޱߺ£һǣΪޱ߳ǣλޱߺĺףǱȽصǣ뺣ˮǸģ˵ˮޱ߳ǣȴһص赲ˣޱ߳⺣Ƕģ뺣ˮںϵġ
ҶĽޱ߳УɨһܣȻҽһʧԭء
ߵ
ߵλޱ߳ǵλãҲǹĸۡҶߵҪǱ룬ͻȻɫһ䣬Ȼæͣת˲ֱǽǵӰΪһ塣
ʱһʶͻȻǰλһɨ
ӰУҶ˿
ܿ죬ǵʶʧǣҶûжԼʮϢǵʶֳҶǰվλá
Ϣǵʶʧ
ʱҶֱӻһӰߵС
ڣһˡ
Ҷûͣ˳ȻߵĸۡС
ǹĸۡ
УҶɨһܣͻȻұߣܿ죬ǷһĨЦݣת˲ֱʧԭء
һķ꣬һڵأɢŵ̹⡣
ˣǵǱҶ˵ĹŰ
˿̣ŰȻˡ

ʱŰͻȻһܿ죬һл˳
Ű˫˿һĨͼ࣬ţʱҪ
ȻǺҶģڴͥ±ҶˣʣڵȥǣΪ̫ˡ
䣬Űվ
վһ̣һصͻȻ˷֮С
Űɫ˲䣬Ҫ֣ʱһֱӵ˹Űü䡣
ŰֱӽӲҲҶֺ
㣡ŰҶ
ҶЦ𣿾ϲ𣿡
Űɫޱѿ
ʱҶеĽǰ˵֣㼸£ˣУΪǻԴңף
Ű֪ʲô
Ҷʡ
Űԥ£Ȼ֪
ͣ
ǹŰһֱֻӷ˳ȥɫ䣬г֮ûУΪһѾüİλáڽȥûˡ
ҶЦڸһλᣡһλᣬңҪһΣԴһֿ
Ű亹Ѿ
һᣬŰں
ģҶʡ
Ű߳ǵĵص
ҶֵһγֵģЩˣ
ŰֳĬˡ
ͣ
ŰһֻҲֱӷ˳ȥһ̣Űɫ˲ҰȻæҸףһλǿߣԼħһλˡ
û𣿡Ҷ
ŰУЩ˲δ֣Щˣ㡣
㸸ǲҲңҶЦ
ŰһҶȻӲߵģһΣҪɱģ壬ǿߡˣǿҲˡԷĿģҲ㣡

ҶһЦʥջĻҪ󰡣
лƣ
ʱŰͻȻɱңһƻѣʱҸ׾ͻᷢ֡
ҶŰЦлѣȻҲ㻵£
䣬Ҷֱȭ˹ŰԴϣŰûֻǻ˹ȥ
ҶǻȥĹŰϵ˺ڣţЩô
ҶɨһܣȻʧԭء
Ҷ뿪ޱ߳ǣȻһ·£˺׵ܿ죬Ҷһڵľ޴

Ҷɨһܣǿߵʶɨڽڸ£Էûܹ
ҶɨһֻۣĲ㣬֪ܲʲô赲ʶ޷С
ԥ£Ҷһֱʧԭء
Ҷ˵Ĳ㣬ĲռܴǧɣУһɫ棬еˣеտҲ
Ҷɨһܣûзûͣ˵㣬ҪСֻܶ࣬вɣѺҲ࣬ǣȴȵĲǿ࣡
ûз
Ҷ£ܿ죬˵㣬㣬ֻɣУֻѺˡǣǵǿߡ
ַΪž֪þ棬ѺĶžǿߣ
УҶûз
Ҷ£ܿ죬˵Ĳ㡣
ĲСǳСֻвɵĿռ䡣ңĲ㣬͸һɭС
ҶɨһܣʱһͻȻ𣬡澳ΣȻܹطǽ֮ѹ֣
Ҷȥұ߲Զһɫ棬һӣӵȫһɫ
û˫֣Ҳû˫ţ
Ҷһ۶ԷȻջĿ⣬תͷȥһڵ֮УһŮӡ
Ůӣ
˿̣ͷ΢΢ʹ˻ԡ֮⣬һȭͷĺɫ
ҶɫһߵǰʱһԵͻȻЩŪϵģ
Ҷתͷӡ
ֵǿߵģǿߣ£ֻҪȫѪҺ궼ᱻ㡭
ʱҶһжһת˲ٽһ
ͣ
Ӿ㵵Ŀ֮Уסֱ鿪
һĻĿɿڴ
Ҷûзϻٴξٽһն
͡
ϣЩֱӷ׷׶ѡ

ʱͻȻ˵һ䣬֪ΪΣ˵һ룬סڲԡ
ҶûӣǰȻֱӽյ˺ڡ
ң
ʱһԵͻȻ
Ҷתͷһӣƾʲô
ӳĬһ˲ȻǷһ飡
ҶãȻٽһն
ͣ
ΧϵЩ˲ѡ
ָɺһ忪ʼ
˷ܵģ
ģ˫ֳ˳˫֣˫Ҳ˳
תͷҶСֵڰһæ⺣ն飬Σ
ҶĬһ˲Ȼ˫еĽ͵ؾһ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ֱӱѡ
һ̣˶ͷ˳Щ˲ûߣȫӵǰȻ׷¹򣬡


1930 Ϣ

ҶԼǰӣʱЦСֵںҵݣ
Ҷ˵ͷе棡
ЦСֵ֪ǹɣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ֪
ҵܵܣˡ
Ҷ㵵ĿӣдŲ⡣
ϵЦݽ䣬ұޱߺ񽫹źǹҵĵܵܡʮǰͻȻѱ䣬˵£ҵ⧲ҵһЩֵȫ¡ңǱȥ˫˫ۣӡΪ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷףΪβֱɱ㣿
ô᣿
źЦҹżǣûеǰǲɱҵģ
Ҷ˵ͷȻѾҾ͸ˣ
˵꣬ҶҪ뿪
ʱ߲ˣʱͻȻ
Ҷͣ˽Ų̧ͷȥȻ֮С
ͷ֪ʱһȺˣΪ׵ǹԣһߡ
˿̣ǹɫޱȵĿ·ǹźϡ
Ūˣ
ǹźͻȻЦԼû뵽ҹźһ졣ҵĺõܵܣˣô㿴һ㶼˰
Ŀ·Ҷϣ͸òϧһдɱ㣡ûϵɱ㣬Ҳ٣
䣬ֶҶվһץ
䣡
ҶܵĿռͻȻһת˲Χһˮֱӳ
ҶҪ֣ʱһˮͻȻڳһˮֱӺǹˮϡ
䣡
ˮȻըѿ
ҶһԵǹźղųֵǶԷ
λСֵܶжɲɱ
źЦЦȻԵߣϣʵ벻ףΪܵһ͵Ϯأ
ǻ߿һ۹źȻ˵ЩѾûκ壬𣿡
ź˵ͷ˵ĺܶԣ
ʱԶǹͻȻʧԭأһʧܵĺˮͻȻţЩˮֱӳҶû
źǷһĨЦôȲҪɱ˰
£˫̧Ȼһơ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ΧЩûĺˮ·ʲôסһ㣬ȫͣԭء
ʱһӰֱӳǹźǰ
أ
źֱӱɿ⣬һͣһõĳǹѾü䡣
źɫƽֽճȭȻǰ͵ؾһ䡣
䣡
һ˲䣬ǰֱӳһɫУɫֱӽǹĳǹɣȻʱһɫˮͻȻǹźͷ
ԶҶûмźսɨһܣȻ󳯺ȥ
뿪ʱ
У˵Ŀⶼǹźϣû⵹Ҷ
ҶһʧǺˮϿա
䣡
ʱһӰͻȻϿռ׹¡
أ
ǵӰأ·ǧڵĺˮʱһ
еȫǵӰ˹ȥӰǱˣǸղŲߵҶ
Ҷվ˿Լ֣˿̣֣ѾѿĬһ˲Ҷ̧ͷȥͷԶ֪ʱһͷӡ
ӿԼʮ꣬쳣ĸߴ࣬˵һֹһ˫ȫļ⣬űըԵ
ӣӵԲԶһǳĵٸŮӡ
ղţֽҶƻģǹͷӡ
ȷʵˣ
ʱǹͷͻȻܹӲһȭ澳֮УʵС
Ҷһǹͷλһ壿
ͷӵ壬Աλħ壡ܼ򵥣ǽǿԷȥ
ȥ
ҶЦЦǰǰɵˡҶһûʲôǱвˣЩ˻󷢴ȱֻҪҪǣҶܹвģ
ȻڻܣԺ϶ܣ
ԣһ̣ǶԷɱʱ
ʨϻʱһԵͻȻЦСӾĺܣǲĵġ
пʨĹͷ΢΢ͷȻ·Ҷһȭ
䣡
Ҷ˫Ȼһһ̣оԼȫҪѿ
Ҵ⣬Ҷٽ͵ؾһ
䣡
һ£Ҷֱӱس˳ȥǿʨǰ̤һҪٴγ֣ʱԶǹźһҶǰ
һĻǿʨüͷʱô
źһۿʨȻתͷҶô
ҶĨĨǵѪȻˣ
źҶ˴Ĵָ澳εľ磬Ӳһ֪ǿߵȫһң㣬ԶԶ簡
Ҷҡҡͷ̫ˣ
źЦ
˵ţתͷԶǿʨ֪λ£
ʨôҪֹң
źЦλСֵܶо֮飬ʵ¸һ棬СֵһΣ
ǿʨɫһ䣬˫ֻʱһԵͻȻЦ¿Ҫ
źЦܵ飬ǲģǸµļ¡ǣҲϣ²Ҫǵ顣·Ҫ룬ٺ٣Ȼ˵ļ£ǣܾҪһˣ
ԣźɫʱ
ʵ޼Ҫ֣߳룬кܴϣޱߺģǣҶǲ룬֪»ûаգ
вңź
ЦôΪ
УźɫʱһͻȻҪ£֮ǳޱߺĿȨֵ࣬ΪѪƴ
źĬǣ˫ȴǽŵġ
ֵǳ֣λ֪ǿߣֵǸ嶼ڣ˵ǳǳĲԴΪأ
ź˫ۻ
У˵Ŀⶼǹźϡ
ãźͻȻ۾Цô壿
䣬ҶСֵܣҰﲻֻ̫࣬һ̣ʣµ·ͿԼˣ
䣬һУ
䡣
ңԶһĹͻȻת˲ĹֱӴռ䣬ǹźǰ
һöȭͷӣ
Ǻǣ
һԣǹɫ䣡
ʱźͻȻҶǰȻֳǰһһռѷֱӳҶǰţֱҶļȻҶ͵ǿռѷ֮С
һ̣ռָ
УǿʨɫĿ£׷
ʱǹźͻȻָһǺ֮ϣɲǼ䣬ԲʮĺĺˮͻȻţЩˮһ˳ǿʨû

Ƭ˳֮У˿ʨŭ

ޱߺ֮һƶУĿռͻȻܿ죬һӰ˳
ӰҶ
Ҷתͷһޱߺλã˿̣ޱߺĺˮڷڣ·һ㣡
Ĭһ˲ҶջĿ⣬Ҫ뿪ʱһͻȻ𣬡ôǿ
Ҷͣ˽Ų
еϢ


1931 ʥһ
Ҷתͷһߡ
ߣҶʶ
ǵһǧǧǹ¡
£
㣡Ҷû뵽¡
΢΢һЦСѣþò
Ҷǰң϶ʲô°ɣ
µ˵ͷСѣˡϷ죬Сţպضܹǧ洳һҵԣСѺαΪһԻǰأ
ҶЦԭΪ˽
ǣ
ֱҶϷ֪СһֱˬˣͲĨˡϷʮ츣֮һڡڣʮ츣֮УǰСԸ⽻ʥԸСΪ״ӣ
ҶҪ˵ʱǹֵСѣһݴԵ
ҶЦЦȻֱǹ£ǰӦ֪ҵĿ˾һ壬˵ڱҪǿ𣿡
³СѣϷͲЩˡʥϣֻΪĻ£鷳ʱСѵʵȫԻ
ҲأҶ
ֱҶȰСñô
Ҷ΢΢һЦ⽣ֻҪԼ뿪ҵġ
ΪޣɾͶ飬ȻޣԶϣ䡣һ䣬Ȼܻȴû˼û˹
¿ҶãȻǷֵˣʲôˣ
ôҶʡ
΢΢ҡͷûʲôһʡ
䣬һӣԣͻȻߡ
ȫǵǿߣ
֪ǵžǿߣ
žǿߣһεǿߣ
£ʱѾΣ
ΪҲͻͽ
³һȻȷһֳͷȵߵĪϣɣ
Ī΢΢ͷȻǰ̤һĿҶϣһ̣һǿϢ籩һϯȻҶѹȥ
ѹˣ
ԶҶ˫ۻڣӿ
һϢҶͻȻۣת˲ֱʧԭء
ˣ
ҶʧһڳһȻҶڲ澳ΣǣһٶȣѾõǴﵽĪΪ֮ݣ
䣡
ͻȻһת˲һӰֱӳԶ˳ȥ
ӰҶ
ڷɳ˽ǧɺҶͣҶ˿Լ֣˿̣Ѿѿ˿˿ѪĬһ˲Ҷ̧ͷԶߡ
ǿߣ
Ҷ֪Լǿ֮Ĳ࣬вСģӦ˵ܴڵľ磬ǿ߿⣡
ڣʹҲܶԿּǿߣ
֮Ĳ̫࣬ˣ
ĪϿһҶȻȷʵˣ㲻ǵ˾һ壬ҶҪ˵Ϊ״ӡϧǵǷ̫󣬼ʹڣҲմϡ
£䳯ǰ̤һȻҶ֣΢΢һת
ɲǼ䣬ҶλõĿռֱŤ
һǿֱסҶǹ֣ҶʱоԼҪ˺ѿ
˺ѸУ
ڱҶʩչ˽򣬵ֺǹʱ࣬ͬʱʮõĪϵܣת˲ݺᣬֱӽĪû
ͣ
ڣⲻݺύȻЩ⾹Ȼȫ޷ӴĪϣ
ĪռŤһŤõҶЩ޷
һĻҶɫһγ
Ľ
ʱĪͻȻϧЩ
£ĪֱƾճҶǰʱҶѾǧɿ⡣һ̣һĪϵü䴦
һɲǣ
һ쵽˼¡ϸͻ֣ᷢһΪٶȹ죬;֮Ŀռ䶼Ѿ˺ѿ
ǵ㽣Īü໹аʱĪϵѾˡ
ȭ
䣡
Īǰǵ㽣ֱըѿ򳯺㽫ɵľ롣
һĪϺҶʤ׷˻һٴγĪϵǰȻ˫־ٽ͵ؾһ
ʱĪֱӳ⣬ת˲͵ضҶվһơ
һֻʮɵľ޴ӡֱӳҶǰ̺ǿõҶΧĿռֱӹ˿
ҶһĽδͣ£һ£
䣡
һն£ǵõӡֱӱһΪȻҶȴֱӱ˳ȥһɣǧɲͣ
ȻˣҶԼǿӲ

ʱĪͻȻţҶ
ҶЦЦڡܺãһȥڹһġ
뱨𣿡
Īϵûˣ
䣬һԵһǹ£Ҫκλᣬһ֣
£»һ߾Ҫ֡
ʱҶͻȻԶҲа֣
ܿ죬һֻë׵СԴ˳
Сף
СףĪ˶ʱͣдһ˿档
Ҷеֺ棡
ҶС׵Դǣ
СգգۣȻСצ£˼ǣĿ
Ҷ˵ͷοԡ
СһЦȻתͷĪˣһ̣һצУת˲һƿնȥ
ĪһӣǵֱʧӰ١
С׶ʱסˡ
ҶߣýȭͷԣצӣΪҪɱң㲻ǣǾͻң
ˣ
ʱԶĪͻȻҶϷˣϷ㡭
ʱСͻȻǰɴ
С׿ĪϣֻСצһҺӡ
Īû˵һӣһֱӳСϯȥ
Сһһ飬һ̣һɿֲϢͻȻɢ˳
ϢʱĪֱӴסˡ
Ȼû뵽ǰСһϢȻ˵Ŀֲ
ʱСͻȻԭһʮתȻһֻСȭͷǰһ䣬ǣ
һĻˣ
ֻ۵Сȭͷһ̣ԲڵĿռֱӹѿ
׵Īֱӵ˳ȥһɣɵɿ⡭
⣬ĪϸһͣбھѪ̧ͷһԶСףʥˣʥ˱ӡ
¡
䣡
ĪֱըѿʧӰ١
һԣǹһѾľ
ԶСգգۣ˿ԼצӣȻֿ˿ԶѾ޵Īվλã۾գѽգԼô
ʱͻȻתͷǹһߣţצ
һĻǹһɫʱȻ䣡
УǼɵ֮ɫ
СûгצڽƮȥѧҶƣ
Сǹº˹ȻԵ߲Ϻˡ
ʱСͻȻСצǹֱ˵ǧɿ⡣
ʵʥ˱ӣֻһΣ


1932 Ҳаֵģ
ʥ˱ֻһΣ
ǣСײ֪ǹһ߸֪һžǿһεǿ߱СױƵĲˡ
ǲ֪Ҷ֪ġ
ҶС׵ǰȻСףɱˣ
С׿Ҷ⡣
Ҷɫ㻹Ǹӣɱˣײ
Сգգۣʾôס
Ҷֵк֮£ղǸ˿ɱΪҪɱңڡ˵⣬ָԶǹߣǲûжҳ֣ԣԲɱǣ𣿡
СתͷһǹߣС׿ɫʱٴһ䣬г˼ɵ
ԲУǣС׸ղչֳʵʵֲ̫˵㣡
һצɱһλǿ߰
찡
ʱҶͻȻǹ££ǻȥǸʲôҶضŰݷãң
¿һҶȻֿСףС׶ʱСצһĻ߶ʱƤһȫ䱸
ʱҶͻȻСױ˻Ҫɱˣɱ¾ûкôԣ˻ɱһ㣬֪𣿡
С۾գѽգСצҶͷϣʾûɣ
ҶûйСףתͷǹˣŭ𣿡
¿һСףȻҶڣ
䣬Եֱʧԭء
ȥҶҲһղλߣҲǵǿ߰
Է֣ǻܿǵģ
뿪ҶɨһܣҪС뿪ʱҶɫ
ΪǰԶĿռͻȻܿ죬һд˳ʥ˱ӡǵСһﰡ
£Զһӡ
ӣ֮ǰĪ˵ϢҪǿ
ǳǿ
һ֪ǿߣ
겻ɢ
Ҷɫޱȵ
ĿҶеСϣѹܹʥ˵Ϣʥ˵ıӣ˵ţĿҶϣû뵽ȻܹһλԸ棬Ⱑ
ҶС׵СԴȽȥòã
СתͷָָӣȻָָԼ
˼ԣ
ҶЦЦȻͺãԣ
СһЦȻһ˺С
УֻʣҶӡ
ʱͻȻɨһܣλȻѾˣβأ
ͳ
ʱһˬͻȻҶ𣬺ܿ죬һͿĴ󺺳Ҷߡ
ףֻһۡ
ͬʱҶұߣ֪ʱƾճһɫ۵ӣӲɫģͷҲɫģ֮⣬ӵ˫Ҳǹɫ
֮һлɣʮԪ˧֮һΰԣ峤ϡĶǴǧͷﰡ
ʱһЦҶ
Ҷ󣬳һӣӣҶʶǵޱߺҪɱʨħŮӡ
Ҷ棬лЦЦȻ壬ħ壬壬壬塭
˵⣬תͷԶһأ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻĿռͻȻһת˲һл˳ߺǲСƼݣ쳣Сûнʳһ㡣
߿һлɣȻһûʲô壬ֵһᣡ
лɿһߣȻ̧ͷʣλѣ㲻𣿡
Ϣһɫ׵ӳлĿ䴦
лЦЦȻҶӦѾûˣ
ҶɨһܣܵЩˣȫǵǿߣһǵ֮е֪ǿߣ
ȫ֪ǿߣ
˵ȫһԲ
ҶЦЦǿҰ
㣿
л΢΢ҡͷҶȻţǣûǿܹôɱĵزʥ˽˾жʧУǸ˵˽Ҫ˿Ĳ
ʥ
Ҷͷ˿еĽȻЦԴӵõ֮ҵ鷳ʹûϹ
ʥ˲ڻӦʲô
ҶЦûй㣬ҵѡȻҴ鷳ǣҲæ
˵ţҶ̧ͷԶлɣе棬⽣ôҪ˾ôԼأ
ش㣡
ʱҶħŮЦΪ˾
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ħŮЦΪ뿪޴أпܱ߱ʲôǿΧɱġڣһ壬⽣У
ҶתŮӣǲ̫ף
ħŮЦҰȻʵǸ֮ǿģǣҰȴǿġʥ磬ʥڣзսȨԣǸ壬ϣȨԼУУ𣿡
ħħ𣿡
ʱлͻȻ𣿡˵⣬Ҷ˾ΪǳΧľͲЩˣǧĻˡҲħ峤ΪβԭΪһǧͿҪˣ
ҶЦЦȻֻһѣô˶Ҫ벻ְ
л΢΢ͷɨһܣȻ䣬ǣҲ޵λ˽ʥӦ˾Уλƺе㡭
лɣͱϻˣ
ʱ״ΰͻȻʥȷʵģǣǰڣǴҵġһ仰˭б£⽣˭ģλǿأ
Ҿ÷ǳе
ʱҶͻȻ˭ʵ⽣˭ģλȴ򣬴֮˭ӮˣҾͰ⽣˭ģҲƭǣ
˿һҶɫЩŹ֡
ʱһЦڳħŮӿҶЦ̴ĺðɱȻ֮뷨ãʵȴܲпᡣΪǿʼὣʱһҪɱģ㣡
Ҷ
ʱлĿҶϣ㱾ԳΪ嶰ϧԸʶ䣬幦ںѪϧϧˣ
˵꣬һˣȻλ飬ȷһߣɱ˴ˣ۽ĹޣΣ
ûħŮЦ˭أ
һ֣ôлɵ
У΢΢ͷʾû顣
һ̣ĿⶼҶϡ
ѡɱʱлͻȻ
ɱ
ҶЦЦȻʵҲаֵġ
𣿡лɵг
ҶֱлɣȷҪ𣿡
ȷ
л΢΢ͷ뿴һΣ˭ܹ
ҶЦȻǶ뿴Ҿͽˣ
䣬ҶһһС


1933 ȭˣ
һë
Ҷ֮Уһɫë
ëȻ½ʱǺӸǸë
ĵĺëҶ磬㣬ʵû˰
䣬һ
ݣ
˵ע£Ǹɫĺëֱӻһʧʡ
һ̣˽䱸
ûʣȴҲûж
һϢȥϢȥʮϢȥ
ûж
Ҷ˹磬㲻ỹ½绹ûɣ
ӵʵжǿ
Ҷûһȷĸǣ֪ǺӺǿǳǳǿҪ֪ԷҲһλңĿУԿóһ
ȻڵⲻǶԷʵ⣬ǶԷ᲻⣡
ԷһжǸƣ
ܿ죬ѾȥʮϢʲôûг֣
İ֣
ʱлͻȻԷƺҳ֣
ҶĬ
ˣҪ˷ʱˣ
ʱлͻȻҶҲһ˲ţһᣬԼ˶ϰɣ
˶ϣ
ҶЦЦ˽еĽӿ
һĻлɵǲҪˡҲգǾͶѵˣ
䣬лɾҪ֡
䣡
ʱңԶʣͻȻһը
羪ը죬
̧ͷʣʣͻȻһɫƶ䣬ת˲һһ
лɵ΢΢һ㶣һ̣лɵȻͷҶλá
˿̣Ҷǰ֪ʱһֻȫɢŵĺӡ
ӣлɵɫʱޱ
ֱлɵˣĿҶϣҶЦ磬þò
΢΢ͷʵĺܿ죬
ҶЦе
Ҫһ̣
ӵһɳḶ́κǶҪһɳḶ̣́ҲǱǿҪء
ҶЦЦȻɨһˣ磬ûɣ
ɨһˣҪ˵ʱһĿʨͻȻ۾㣬ǡ
ʱתͷǿʨ壿λ£
ǿʨһۺӣȻɽ
ӵȥԺҪҴ鷳ȻӰɽ̤촷ۣ
ԣǿʨɫһ䣬ȴ˵ʲô¶źӱ˱ȭȻתȥ

ʱ֮ϣͻȻƺǣ壡
壿
̧ͷӣһֱ̣ӳӵǰһ̣һ¡
ɫ䣬û뵽ӾȻͻȻ֣Ҵ⣬гǹæȥ
أ
˾㵵Ŀ֮УֱӱһɨĻޣ
ֱӻޣ
Уסܿ죬ɫЩˡ

˿ǲʶվǰģһλ
ʱӿлɣлɫһ䣬ҪԴС
ָָҶΧҲԴС
䣬еĽɫͻȻʧһ̣ǸɫѾлɵǰ
лɫ䣬һУһɫͻȻǰһ̣Ǻɫֱըѿת˲һ㱡ĹĻǰ
ЩĻ˽
Ȼ
䣡
ЩĻֱӺȻѣлɱҲһֱɨĻһڵʧʡ
û
ԷȻҲˣΪлɱվλãһ̯Ѫ
ӿһʣʱǵڵѾʧ
ˣ
һУԶǽɫֱӳУһָ̣һǽɫֱӻһʧʡ
ʮ֮⣬һռͻȻһ£ܿ죬һȫǴѪ˳
лɣ
лһҪӣʱһֱӴԺһ
лֱӽӲģһһʧԭء

˿̣ҶڵλãеЩˡ
˵ĿⶼǺϣǲǲӣǲҡ
ӵʵԶǣԷǲԸߣǸ߲ˣ
ɨһһۣȻ
ԣ͸أ·׷תʧʡ
뿪󣬺תͷҶҳɱЩˣǱ˱ضԳ棬Ȼ壬ǣЩȴܵУ
Ҷ˵ͷףЩˣЩ壬ҶѾ£պһһһȥݷõģ
г𲻱ˣ
΢΢ͷҪ˵ʱͻȻ̧ͷʣʵĿռͻȻܿ죬һŰ۵߳Ҷꡣ
Ŀ˺ϣ²Զɱˣ𣿡
壿
̧ͷǰߣʲôҲ˵
ԣǰɫʱѿʱתͷҶ뿪
ҶлǷǳмġ½磬ѵʱ򣬵ʱҶĴķǳǳĿǡ
ҶҡҡͷȻ

ʱǰ߼ʲôҲ䡭
ʱͻȻȻֹΪһѾ˰ߵǰ
ɫʱ䣡
أ
һ֮£ǰֱӱҷ˳ȥһɣ˽ɣ
һͣǰ߿бһھѪ
̧ͷӣȻɣԴҵʵɵľ룬ʵ͸ͨ˵ļɲࡣ
źӣʲôݻҲûи˵
ҲûйǰߣǿԵҶߣȥ

˵ֱ꣬ץסҶļȻʧԭء
ңԶʣһһ
Ҷ˿֪ٶȵĿֲˣޱߺǣֻ˲һӣ
һӣ
ٶȣ˦ʮǧ
ҶӸյ⣬һɫ׵ӱǳҶӵǰ
ߺˣӺȵ
üͷһ壬ҪʱҶͻȻסȻ磬ȲҪԵ·ˣ
ӣ
ҶǽӣȻͨһ£

ǽüͷˣ˵ͼٹȥȻ
ʱҶҡҡͷȻԵĺӣ磬ҸıˡǲԵ·ˣǻȭ˰ɣ
û˵սɫԶ͵ؾһɨ
һɨǽֱӱɨ˳ȥ
һ̣𶯣
͵Ϯǣ


1934 а壡
ҶһԵĺӣȻ磬Ŷ
΢΢ҡͷа
壿а壿Ҷ⡣
ӵ˵ͷ壬ʹǵңңңңСǣ
ҶʲôʱǵϿգһӡӿʮ꣬˫ָһŵʡ

ǰλǴǧպĳǿߣ
Ŀ˺ϣû뵽˵Ĵ󣬾Ȼܹӹҵ׷ɱ
΢΢ҡͷҽ㳶ЩеûġλСֵ㣬ǣЩµ۾һǳڱǿģɶԣۿ˵͡ĳӣǸøĸˣȻܾҪͷ
Ͳˡ㻹ǶһԼɣ
˵ţԵҶ֪㣬ĿģΪС
ǣҶֱη塣
ҡҡͷϣǷ̫࣬ҲСκεĹϸ𡣡
Ҷǽ϶ң
϶ֻɫռ
ǣҶ
ҡҡͷУ
ԣҶɫһΪΣ
С껹УСûѰҵµʱ壬뿪壡
Ҷʵ޷ΪѰһܹ壿
⣡
ҶĬ
ʱͻȻ࣬С幫⣬⣬ϼ縺ĳЩʹңϣһ࣬رһǷκιҸ
ҶֱҪ˵ʱֵҪһ㣬ʱ䣬ڻţΪҴӦֻҪ㣬Ͳɱ㡣ǣҵ޶ȵġ֮㲻壬Ȼұɱ㣡
壡
Ҷ˫ȭսһᣬͻȻЦ
Цʲô
ҶЦЦΪζô߰ˡΪǵͷӣҴ仰Сߣ֮ǰ飬ҶǸУһģ
岻ӭ㣡ֱҶ
ҶЦݽ䣬ڼʱҪ׿ڰѽ仰̻ȥ
񽥽䣬ߣҪߵľ򣬻˵ܹ屣ס
һǸɫʱ
ʱҶҡҡͷһǣȻһͻȻ͵غ壬һģ
羪ը죬쳹ǣ
䣬Ҷתֱʧʡ
ԭأҶʧĵطУɭɱ⡣
𣿡ʱһͻȻ
˫ۻΪãϣǷ̫̫̫࣬պ󲻻к³
ɸҲûҪˣŮӵ
Ĳ֪˭𣿡ͻȻʡ
ŮӳĬһ˲Ȼ˵Ѿʧô
΢΢ҡͷûʲôȥúϢɣ
Ůû˵ʲôתȥ
Ů뿪ͻȻһӰˡ
ȥлᣬɱˡûлᣬᡣҪɱˣӦò٣
Ӱ΢΢һֱʧԭء

ںӵĴ£Ҷûñ뿪壬ĵؽ硣
УҶ˱ȭһΣлˡ
΢΢ҡͷҲң
˵ţɨһܣȻʱѾΣգǾʹ˷ֱɣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷҪ˵ʱӵұȥ壬ҵĵ̣ʱûʲôΣյġǣʱ鷳
ΪΣҶʡ
ӵ֮䣬һβСĶԹǲŹңһ𣬱ؽǶϣڵʵܲǵԡ
ңҶüͷһʲô
ӵһǳǿ֮ܿͻӴһˡԼСģԵټ
£Ѿʧԭء
УֻʣҶ
ҶɨһܣˣһӣӺ˳Ȼ󣬵Ǻ飬СЩΪáⲻϵԼϵڵʫŮ
ʱ󻹴ڻԵ״̬
Ҷַü䣬ں˳ü֮У˲һӺ˫㻺˿
Ҷǰû°ɣ
ɨһܣȻҶң
Ҷ˵ͷ
ôܣü
ҶղһѰæڣѾ뿪ˡ
һҶȻϣܶܣ
ҶЦÿ˶Լܣ𣿡
˵ͷȻڵĴܿǣˣҪĽ˵⣬ϢȻһ壡
Ҷԥ£Ȼ᲻㣿
õ˵ʲôͽܣǾ͵ҵͽܡǿߣҹɱˣ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷҲҪһŵĵطȻ취Լʵ
澳εľ磬Ļ첻ȥˣ
磬ʵ
ĿǰΨһ뷨
Ĵ£Ҷٴ˹ɽȴûڹɽǰĵ۶
֮УҶڵأȻ˺ڡ
ǰʲôϵǰҶЦ
΢΢ҡͷСȤЩȥԼĿǰĴϵ⽣һ취УȻᱻ׷ɱģ
׷ɱ
ҶЦЦҲ֪⣬ĿǰڵĴȷʵǳǳĲáǣô죿ѽȥǣȥ˾ҲһŹ
ر˾Ǹʲôһ壬壬ڵĵˣֶһ壡
綼ǵˣ
ڵĸоǣԼ綼ǵˣ
ҲĬˡɱҶǽޣڻĽģ
Щǿ߿϶ưոݣ
ãҡҡͷСӣϱǲʲô½类׷ɱϽ磬Ǳ׷ɱϱ϶ʲôȱ£ⱲӲŻôĲң
Ҷ
ʱ䣬Ҷûģǿʼ
֮Ǿʵģģ
Ψʵܹ
ʱһһȥһ
峿ҶͻȻصʵſڣʱͻȻ˿˽
ôˣҶʡ
ҡҡͷߣ뿪壡


1935 磡
뿪壡
ҶüͷΪΣ
΢΢ҡͷ׵ģ
ҶҲҪʥ𣿡
˵ͷʮλʮλ֮⣬иϣԼͳ˧ȡЩˣһΪǱУ˵ҲҪὣ
ὣ
ҲҪὣ
ҶĬ
ʱʵ뷨
Ҷˣǲôǣ塣ǰǽ˾У˾ݣӵгǿʵȻû˻ȥ⡣ǣ㲻ͬС˵һĻᡣǡ
˵⣬΢΢ҡͷ߰ɣԶԶģ
ҶЦû뵽ôҪ
ôˣǺܶˣ
˽ӵƽ֮ܣڸ˵һǱڵвӵ൱ӵȨڣУ㣬ûǸøɵʵӵʵĶǺ£Ҳǻ£
˵⣬һҶڵĴȻ⣬ǣҲһĥߣһ̣
˵⣬뵽ʲôԭء
Ҷһ̣
ȥ
ڣҪҶĽǸ嶼ҪҶĽȥ
Ҷ̯̯֣ôоǧѾûҵ֮ˣ
ãҲȥ磡
磿Ҷ⣬ʲôط
һǳǳΣյĵط
ǳΣգҶ΢΢üôΣշ
һŵϣǿûû˶ԼָȻΣաˣǼ򵥵ˣ
ΪʲôҶʡ
˻ȥ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷûû˵ɾ͵ͨûпԴġ
ȥģ඼첻ȥˡ⣬ܻЩˣǣǧҪЩˡͺñ㣬ȥ磬㣬ضҪʹĴۣ
Ҷǰ˵Щ첻ȥָʲô
ǵĳЩ㣬˸壬Ȼ첻ȥˣֻȥ硣
Ҷ
ֵܱȥ磬֤ԲһƲ硣壬壬塭干棡
ҶûЩô
µĵط
ô˵Ҷʡ
淨ٲпʮֹûǣûܳΪǿߡеˣָͨķԼǿһַ˼ĵزеģָͨʯǵǳǳĶӣǣֶܹӵĻ߳ǿߣʵǷǳֲģ
˵⣬΢΢ҡҡͷȻֵǿߵĺ̫̫ˡ棬ڵʵܹԽսĶεǿߣ棬¾Ͳˡ棬Ի
Ҷˣҽȥ
˵ͷ򲻵ѵʱûԸǰǸطġΪ滷ʵ̫ˡ˶࣬ˣּǿ߽ȥܶ
˵⣬ҶСӣ֮ԽȥǸطʱܸ׷ɱһԭǾϣȥǸطԼңܹϸһ꣬ʵԻһɱ䣡
ҶЦǰȥ˱Ū𣿡
Ҷļ򣬡ʱһ·ͷȻ㲻׷ɱҲڣҪһ㷢ʱ䣬磬Ļᣡ
ҶһᣬȻãȥ
΢΢ͷҵ㣬һ죡
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ʱֵߣһ̣
ҶҪͷͻȻüͷһᣬ󣬡һʱ䣬𣿡
΢΢ͷ̫Щϼһܺܿͻҵ⣡
˵꣬תһʧ˷֮С
ߺҶ˺ڡ
˪Ůչسˣ
Ҫ뿪ˣ˪
뿪Ҷ⣬ΪΣ
˪ЦЦȻãǣܲһֱɣڤļλã׼ȥǧ浽

Ҷ룬Ȼ΢΢ͷҲǣǶҪùˣ
˵⣬תͷһԵڤŮûȥ
ڤŮȥ˾ĵ
ȥҶ㵵
ڤŮЦЦǧȥ
ģҶ
ڤŮ壡
ҶСЩ
ڤŮ΢΢ͷȻһΣ׼һߡ
Ů
Ҷô£
ڤŮҡͷҲǺһΣôȥ˾ĵ϶֪״
ҶôǶСĵ㡣
öൣԼڤŮڵĴˡ
ҶЦû£֪ģӲģ
ڤŮ΢΢ͷأ
˵꣬ڤŮתȥ
أ
˪˵꣬Ҳתȥ
УֻʣʫŮ
ȥڣ
ʱһһֱĬİϾͻȻ
ҶתͷϾڣ
Ͼ΢΢ͷʮ֮һɽҲڵš
ҶãȻ밲Ͼ뿪ǵ˵ͷϾ츳׿ߣֻ˷츳Ӧȥ׷ѰԼǸߡ
ȥСЩϾ
ҶЦİɣⱲӣٳԿġ
Ͼ΢΢ͷȻתʧ˷֮С
УҶһ޲ɢ֮ϯ
ؾ֮ʱʫߵԣ
ҶЦأǿ϶ȥĵط˰ɣ
ʫû˵ֻסҶ֣һоڲС
ʫŮСһºҶ뿪˷䡣ʱѾȺ⡣
ղЩˣͻȻʡ
ҵѣ
Ҷڣ뿪壬Ӧûɣ
΢΢ͷѾźãֻҪǲ£ǻᰲȻ뿪壡
Ҷ˵ͷ߰ɣ
û˵һӣҶֱʧ˳С
һӺƶУͻȻͣ
Ҷתͷ󣬡ôˣ
ɫһˣ


1936 ӻ
ˣ
ҶҪ˵ʱܣռͻȻ΢΢һת˲һӳ˳С
ǿߣ
Ҷɫ
ĿǰԶϣߣʲô˼
ߵĿҶϣӦ֪˽˾УǺεȵĲ
ЦЦߣҾͿżɽˡ˶жҲҽԣҲ£ף
߳ҪΪһİΣ
尲Σ
Ц˵Цһ͹ϵİΣҲδ̫Щ˵⣬俴һ۳мˣҰѻ⣬գǿжĽȲݣ
ԣߵɫʱޱѿ
ʱһԵһͻȻΪһ࣬㾹ȻҪҵΪУ
תͷ˵ߣҴģΰȫȥգ֣ҿ϶޷ֹǡǣңδΨһҪ飬Ƿ񱨸ǣϧһдۣ
Ƿˣһԣ߳󣬴˽Уⲻ˾ʵȨ壬ĺ£ڣȻҪ£㡭
ʱһԵһͻȻ´˵
䣬Ҫ֡
ס֣
ҪʱһͻȻԶ
תͷȥһӡ
ӣҶʶ轭
轭ߵüͷʱһССĻӣ˵ʵЩ
轭һߵˣ˽֣ȻλǰҸֹˣ
˵ţһһöӲӵƳС
׻
ߵüͷĸˣ
һͻȻʣ׻Ϊλı
轭΢΢ҡͷҲǣ˵аţλȥ棬˵Ҫ̡ˣҲûȥ
Ҫ̣
ߵһۣЩ׽͸
ҶԣͻȻָһ㣬һ׹ûҶü䣬ȥ·ߣȥһСġڣ뿪
Ҷ˱ȭǣ
˵꣬ҪߣʱԶ轭ͻȻ֣أ
Ҷתͷһ轭΢΢ͷл
䣬Ҷҽһ½һֱʧʡ

׻ʹ
Уλһɫ۵ӣ׻ʡ·ߵˡ
˿̣轭ǹڵС
ߵɫЩ
Ϸ׻ߵ轭ǰҸƣȥΪأҪʥģ
轭ڵϣԡ
𣿡׻ʵ
轭ҡҡͷ
ɣ׻ʵ
轭̧ͷֱ׻ʣʣ壬ҶұѾΪˣʱңΨл˵Ҷ˵о֮ʳԣж𣿡
Ϳ
ʱһԵͻȻŭҲҪ˵ĶԹİΣᲢۣ
轭ߣߴˣҶв𣿡

ʱһԵһͻȻȻûж⣬ǣࡣ
ϻѪ幦أ轭
üͷ
ôλ˵ģʱ׻ͻȻŭ
轭΢΢ͷĬ
ʱһԵվ˳λֻǰ棬ǣȴûпǱڵΣաλҶΣ
Ҷ
У˿
澳εʵѾܹնɱΣĶεǿߡ˵츳εȵĿֲ
ѵΪһܹв壿һԣߵ
Ȼǲܵģ
ǣλԺأǲزۣδضһǿߡ
ҾãǱвĴ󣡡߿׻ʣʱǶ޵ضܹ´ˣڣлᣡ
׻ʳĬ
һԣɫ
ߴ岻ãҲ׼֮ΪУ
ʱһͻȻڴ
˻һת˲ͷ

ңԶ˽磬ޣĳһСׯׯƾɣǳĲۡ
һ죬һǹͻȻ˴ׯ֮С
һƾɵķǰʱһ˳
ںδʡ
΢΢ҡͷ֪
üͷ
ߵֻ֪һˡΪʲô᲻ʡ
ࣿ
üͷĸˡ
˼ָˣʡ
΢΢ҡͷɣڣһЩ
ʲôʡ
߳ĬãȻԯ۵ĽУ
ԣһĨɵ˽˾У
΢΢ҡͷ֪˽飬ѾѼ󡣡
˵⣬һȻ̧ͷʣ꣬ԼΪۣ˴˽õð岻òߣڣ˽ѾҪѡ
˵нǸֳ˺εĵǡ
ʱһȹŮͻȻԶ
ŮӿЩ
߿ȹŮӣģüͷǣ
ȹŮ΢΢һɲǼ䣬˽£ͻȻһƬǳ
ǳ
˿̣ǿ֮С
˽£һ޴ǳ̡Щǳӡ
Ӳ쵱̣ΪӣתǺӡǾʦ
ȹŮ˫ۻϣֻһΣһˡ壬壬ħ壬壬塭Ѫծǳʱˣ

ƶ֮УҶС
磡
һεĿģȥ硣
СӣǺ壡ʱͻȻҶ
Ǻ壿
Ҷҡҡͷǰ˵ЦˡҾޣҲô
ʵңҲһġ⽣ڱʲô嶼ԣǣС
ҶɬһЦ⽣һ鷳
ҲһԵСӣ˽Ƿպ϶дģ
ϣɣҶЦ
Ȼ⽣æǣ⽣鷳ҲǷǳġǧ棬ھѾǸ׷ɱĶ󡭡еԼ޵
вһҶͻȻͣ
ǰԶ֮УһڵĿռڶ
ڶˣ
ԭأҶתͷɨһܣ壬壬ħ壬塭ӵţûһһˣ
䣬ҶһֱӻһûǺڶ֮С


1937 ˣ
ڶһ̣Ҷʱоһɿֲ
õȫ类ƥڷһ㣡
Ҷæתź޸ָо
֪˶ãҶоԼ彥ƽеѣθҲࡣ
ˣ
ʱһͻȻҶ
ҶʹҡҡͷȻ󻺻۾һ˲Ҷüͷ
ҰգŵζϡļûС
磡
Ҷ֪Ǵ˵еˡ
һĲ
Ҷ˿̵ͷط˵ϡ٣˵ʺ
ģ
ʱһҶ˼˻
Ҷתͷȥұ߲ԶվһȺˣŮԼʮˡΪ׵ģһϱӡеһ֪ӲݣϴаЦ
ղ˵ģӣ
Ӿ粢ߣֻΣ
ҶһӵһۣȻ£
΢ƣӲ˳ʵĺãȻˣҾֱ˵ˡأȱɾʯֵܽһ㡣ֵܸմ⣬Ӧвٵģ԰ɣ
٣
Ҷ΢΢ͷڴ٣
ֵ˵ﻰ
ӲõֵֻܽɾʯԺͷԣˣỹģӦûỹģ
ҶһһɾʯУʮö
һĻʱԶ۾ʱУ̰ȡ
طûˣɾʯ󡣿˵ûɾʯֵǮ
ҶеɾʯԼã
Զ˫΢е̰Щضһ㡣
ˣмǼ򵥻ɫ
Ȼˣǣ
ҽͻȻ͵һ棬һ壬ؾһشҶȥҶǰǣһȭ͵سҶһ䣡
ȭ˺ѣռǱؾҲ·Ҫһ㡣
Ҷվԭأޱ顣ȭͷǰʱͻȻճȭȻһȭ
ӲӲ
ֻȭͷڿһӴ
䣡
һǿʱȭͷ֮ϯͬʱسű˴˵ĺˡ
ܿ죬Ҷͣڻڱˡ
ɺͣ˿Լȭͷ˿̣ȭͷѾΣرֱۣѾȫŤ
̧ͷҶû뵽һΣһޣ
ҶеɾʯҪ𣿡
һЦȻҪ
䣬ֳǰһ̽Уһһ̣䱾ֱӳҶǰת˲гҶ͵ؾһ
£֮ռֱӱ˺ѿ
Ҷûýٴһȭ
أ
һըҶֱӱ˰ɿ⡣ȭͷϣһѪۡ
Էĵܹ
ԣطǿߵĺȷʵҪߺܶ࣡
ʱҶǰͻȻһӰͬʱһѾͷ
˸ɭ亮⣡
Ҷ΢΢һɲǼ䣬ֻΧһֻõצһ̣Ҷһֱ̽ץסǱ
Ҷסɫʱһ䣬ʱһͻȻУת˲еĳֱӱҶǿж˹ȥһ̣Ҷ־һ£
أ
һӰֱӷɵǧɿ⣡
Ӱ
צ֮Ҷ˲˲֪ٱ
ǻ
ԶͣǽһĨѪǰһĵۣۼеƶǡ
ĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷҶ
Ҷûйɨһܣ˿̣λһ޴Բ̨ʣһڵĺڶڶһصţˣǺڶûй
ҶջĿ⣬ȻԶָһöɾʯǰ
΢΢һĿҶ
Ҷ֪飡
΢΢ҡͷ֪Ҳ࣡
ҲǸҶ
ҡͷʮˡ֪֮Ĳ࣬Ϊطܡ
ܣҶüͷ΢壬⡣
˵ͷʮķΧڣֱǶţħ˿ߣӳǡʮ磬ҾͲ֪ˡ
ûȥҶʡ
ЦЦƬܣһۿͷããɽЩɽ֮УзǳǳΣյĶġ
ǳΣյĶҶʲô
ҡҡͷ֪ʹǵǿߣҲЩɽ
ҶĬһᣬȻĸ
ԣɫʱЩˡ
һᣬǲκңðɣ˼Ҹǣ
ϣ
ҶһˣЩˣͶЩȻϣ
Цӵһˣַֻǳǿ߷ǳǱģϾޣ˷һϡ
˵⣬ҶĻҪǣӦû⡣ҽȥӳǣΪϴġ
ҶһˣΪβ뿪
뿪
Цףȥˣ
˵ţָҶǸ޴ĺڶǺڶܵû󷨣סڶҲסǽȥϣ󷨣һЩǿΪ˱粻ڶɶֲãҲ˹ȥƻ󷨣ԣǿ󷨣ңκ˿󷨰ڣ󷨾ͻԶ
ǿ𣿡Ҷʡ
˵ͷǳǳǿλﵽ֪ǿӲֱӱɱ
ֱӱɱ
Ҷüͷ֪ǿߣ֪ǿߣܹɱǺεȵĿֲ
Ҷתͷ󷨣һ󷨣ʥӦǿƵġǣǣǰ뿸סĹȻƵԼҲܻᱻɱ
ҪȥͱԼʵˣ
ջ˼ҶǰȻӳôߣ
ָָұߣߣһֱߣܿͻῴӳˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷҪ˵ʱһ̶ļͻȻұ쳹
ɫʱȻ䣬ħˣߣ
£ֱһԶȥ
ħˣ
Ҷ̧ͷȥԶʮĸߴˣЩ˸ͨе㲻̫һıͨ˸ߴ󣬶ңЩƤеڡ
ⲻص㣬صǣЩ˵Уһࡣ
ȻȻЩħ˱߳߿еˡ
ˣ


1938 
ˣ
ҶȻɱ飬ǣҲûԹ˰էһĻȻûбŵȴҲˡ
Щħ˴ʱλ
Ҷ֣ЩħˣÿһŲڵϣͻһ£жֲ
ħ˲ֻ࣬ʮҶ֪·ˣ
Щħ͵ĶǿߣΡ
ǵܻҪԣǣ˼һ
ӣ
˵Ӿӣ
ҶתһֱʧԶ
Щħ㶣Ǻܿ죬Щħ˾ʧԭأȫҶ׷˹ȥ
ԶЩħ˳Լ׷ҶƤһЩһΪʲô׷
Ҷٶȼӿ죬ȻЩħ׷ᡣ
һʱҶڿ񱼣Щħûз׷
һΣҶˡ
һƬǰʱҶһϲֻҪ֣ͿýʱɫͻȻ䣬һֱ֧ؿڵλá
أ
ֱ֧ӽͣ
Щħˣ˿Ҳͣǲûг֣ǿƬ֣г˽䱸֮ɫ
ԶҶ˿Լǰؿڣһ֧ɫļ
ҶżβȻ͵ؽ˳̧ͷԶƬ֡һ̣ס֧͵ض־һ
ͣ
Ƴգ
Ȼ֧Ƭ֮ȴûһ㶯
Ҷǰ̤һʱһֻĽ¡
ף
ʹҲֻܸоһ㲨һǺ֪
˺󣬲Ȼɱۣ
ʱƬֺͻȻһ
ˣ
ҶתͷһЩħˣˣЩһǶĵİ
ǰܽˣ
ʱȺħ֮УһħͻȻ˳ȻҶȥ
ħУһѪܵͷ­ʱͷ­ѾеĲˣ
ҶһħˣԷľΡ
ħ˳Ҷȥϣһ˿Цݣ·𿴵һͣ
ҶҪҵ𣿡
ħ˲û˵ѣҽͻȻ͵һ壬Ȼֱһɽһ㳯ײ˹ȥ
Ҷ񽥽ֻչܿ죬һֻõצƵܣһ̣Ҷǰ͵ؾһġ
䣡
ǸյҶǰħֱӱҶһĵķɵǧɿ⣬˵ϡ
ħˣȫѾѿ·⵽ػĴһ㣬Ȼûг飬ҲѺ۱鲼
ħסˡ
ʱԶҶɨһȺħˣŭ˭
ȺŹǴ򲻹ǣ¹˭
Ⱥħ֮УһħͻȻ˳ҶĿʱħϣֻצָħˣһ㡭
˵ţҪ֡ʱħͻȻһӣһ˲䣬ЩħʱһҶ˹ȥ
һĻҶ齩Ӳ
ת˲תͷҲıǳƬȥ
ݣ
ʱһ֧ͻȻҶǰһΣֱ֧ü䣡
˵ǰǾ棬һҪ
һΣҶзֻüʱֱѾס֧ļȻ͵سƬֵһ
һΣȫ
֮ռֱӱ˺ѿ̺ǿõܵЩľֱӷ
һĴȳҶǰͨҶǾͷһӡ
ԣٴδһ̣һ֧ѾҶǰ
Ҷ̧־һ¡
䣡
ֱ֧ӱһƸĵķ顣
ǣһ֧Ҷǰһ֧ĺ棬֧
β
Ҷһĳ
䣡
һըҶֱӱͣԭأһ̣ȴֱ
һΣǱֻвɵľ룡
ʱǱٴ˳
ȻҶȴǷһĨЦת˲ֱӳǳӵǰһ¡
ʱһɫԲܳ˳ӵǰ
أ
һ£ɫԲܾһȻĳֱӱҶһǧɿ⡣
ҶҪ֣ǳڱɵһָ̣ʮ֧ܼıһ㣬˲佫Ҷû
䣡
ʱЩֱӱһػ촷ۡת˲һӰǳӱȥ
ӰҶ
Զǳüͷת˲
ݣ
һڳһ
Ȼǵ⻹δҶǰֱӱҶһĳޡǣǳȴѾǧ⣬ţһ֧Ҷ
Ա߿ͻ֣֧ᷢĺ棬ʮ֧
ʮβ
Ҷֽճȭǰ͵ؾһ䡣
䡭
ЩֱӱҶȭͷ촷ۣǣҶͬЩ̺֮سɡʱЩħѾ׷ȫǰ
ҶͣһԶӣǧľ룬һСǡڳϣվˣʱЩĿⶼߡ
ҶջĿ⣬ǰԶħˣǰħͽϴһЩȻͷġ
ҶֻճȭȻҪأǵأ
Ϊ׵ħ΢΢ҡͷǲȺŹ
䣬һֱӳҶȥЩҲȫ֣
ȺŹ
ҶɫޱѿǺܿ죬Ҷɫ
ҶַԼǰȻ͵һ
ͣ
ֱѿת˲Ҷ֮ϣ˵Ľ⣡
࣡
ѹ׵ĵ֮һû뵽ûùͱƳһƣ
û취ڲãֻܸһˣ
ɫֺҶһʱ˿̣оԼ棬ӵ޾

ܿ죬Ҷ͵سǰһġ
䣡
ǰһһǿֱӱһĵǧɿ⣬ǣΧЩħѾҶܡ
ء
һӡȭӡӸǶȲҶϣҶҲسˣǣڱ˵Ĺ֮УҶ˫ȭҲڲϻӳر֣ÿһ£ֻҪУЩħ˷ˣ
Щħ˵ĹϣȻǿӲǣߣѾʼѪ
ʮǿߵΧ
Ҷ澳Σ
ҶڽڰˡһӣѾɣ֮⣬طѾŤΣ
ԶǽϵЩ俴š
ԼһӺ
䣡
һɿֲϢͻȻԶ͵رЩΧҶħ˷׷ױˡ

ʱȺħм䴫ҶЦˣڵˣ
ˣ


1939 ҪҰ
УҶЦš
ò˵ʱҶǷǳǳǱġϣ˺رǰ󱳣üѾȫΡ
ң
ǳǳĲң
ǳˣصˣѾˡҶȻûйҲܣ
ֻǴǿȣõӵ˶ݵһʮǣ࣬޵У
˵֮ǰĴǷǳǳġ
˿̣Ҷﵽһˣ
֮ͻȻﵽżȻѾ澳۷壬ֻ벽ղŵһսõͱһֱֽӴﵽ

УҶΧЩħǶ
ʱһħͻȻһԾҶײ˹ȥ
Ҷһʱ˿̣оһжһˣûϸﲻһΪħѾǰ
Ҷۿǰħˣ̧־һơ
˾㵵Ŀ֮Уħֱӱһ⣡
ħסˣ
УҶ˿Լƣһ̣Ǿ꣬Ѿõ˵ڵղŵȫˣ
벽֮ȴʵĲͬ
ջ˼ҶɨһԱߵЩħˣЦһĨЦݳǡһ̣һֱʧԭأ
ٶȣ
ʱٶȣԭȵĻϣ
ֻѾǳǳĿֲ˵ĶµǿߣڵƾٶȾܹѹԷ
أ
Ҷʧһ̣һħ˻ûӦֱӷ˳ȥ
ûħ˵ҲǿýȻҲһȭɱһλħˡ
һȭУǣȭȭȴǿԡ
о˲תˡ
ǳǽ˾㵵Ŀ֮УҶȻһ֮׷Щħ˴
֮ԲýΪһĿģǶԼɱ˵ġ
ɱ˵ģ
ңеϲȭȭĸоÿһȭĻӳܹܵԼȫ¼Ĳָоǳǳ
УҶԽսԽ˷ܣԽսԽЩħǿ಻ԣʱҶղŵҶȫˡҶȫǵĹȫϡ
ͬʱÿһΣҶȭͷҲһϡ
Ȼˣ
ΪǵȭͷҶϣҶܹסǣҶȭͷϣȴǷˡڵĵϣѾħˣȻûЩħȴѾˣʧȥж
ڣħ˼ֲȥˣ
ӣ
ħֱһԶȥ
ԭأҶ㶣Ȼһ׷һħˣŭʲôӻҪ򣡡
䣬͵һȭ
ħɫһ䣬ӲҶȭͷǣҶȭͷ̫̫죬ϴ˿ҶԱûбǣƣˣ޷
أ
˻δħ˱ֱӱҶһȭ˳ȥһȭħ˺Ҷδ֣һħ˵ǰȻһħ˵Դϡ
أ
ħ˵Դֱըѿ
Խըѣ
˿̣ЩħˣѾߣ
ԭأҶ˫΢գ̰ĺš

û뵽ԼȻطȻܶʱսҪȴöˡ
꣬ٶȣһҪĶ
Ǿǽ
Ҫģ֮ǰʵĽֻѹһεǿߣڸߣѹˡڣĽܹѹƵ֮еžǿߣ
ˣŽڽ֮ʩչһɲǻնν϶Ѿʵı仯ر޵н
ܵ˵һΣȫ涼õ
һ㣬һεõԼںϣ
ջ˼Ҷ˿Լ壬˿̣ں޸£ѾָĲࡣ
Ҷɨһ۳Щħ˵ʬ壬ţתͷԶСǣС£ӣӣҶ΢ƣһĨЦ

һŭڳһӰǳӱȥ
ӰҶ
ԶǳӼҶ֣ɫʱ΢΢һ䣬ӦҶֵһ̣֧ѾȻ֧δҶǰֱӱҶһĳޣ
ת˲Ҷ˳ӵǰȻһ¡
ʱһɫĶƵ˳ӵǰ
أ
ɫƵסҶһƣǿȴõó˴ܳź׷˳ȥ
ҶҪٴγ֣ʱ͵תͷǰһǹǹֱü䣡
Ҷ̧־һƣ
أ
ǹɻصǳǽϵһУ
ǺˣҶ
ҶûлشӣתͷԶǳӣһ̣˱
Ҷٶȼ죬գۼѾӵǰȻһȭ
ǳӷӦҲҶǰʱȴǳǧɣͬʱʮ֧ҶȥȻЩյҶǰֱӱҶһĳޣ
Ҷ׼֣ʱǽϵͻȻǰţһǹֱü䡣
Ҷɫ䣬ҽһұһᣬһǹͬʱҽһ棬ϣһȭӺ˹ȥ
أ
ֱӱһȭ䵽ɿ⣡
㲡ҪҶҽ͵һ壬һ֧ҵļ
Զɫ΢䣬гǹ͵ضǰһҡ
أ
һը˴ǹٴα˳ȥɳȥһ̣ҶȴǹĳȻһȭӵԴ˹ȥ
ڵһȭˣӵԴضҪģ
ʱ֧ɫͻȻƿնֱӴȭͷϣ֧Ȼûг䴩ȭͷȴõȭͷƫ˿
ץסᣬתҶ͵ؾһɨ
أ
Ҷֱӱ˵ɿ⣡
㾿ǺˣҶУ˽䱸֮ɫ
Ҷûӣתͷ֮ǰǳӣ֮ǰôǲǺˬ
ӿһҶȻôǵ̣ԣɱ
ôǵ̣
ҶЦЦɨһܣȻھʹˣҧҰ
ȻǷǳģ֮ǰǿܾѾⳤӵļˡ
¾˭Ҷӳ˵Сǣ¡
ӹʲôǣ
ʱҶͻȻתӣڣֻɱüҵˣڳ֣ӽҲɱˡ
ôĿӳСҰ
ʱһͻȻԶǽϴͬʱһǿϢֱӳҶѹ
ʱҶͻȻһһ̣һն
ͣ
ԶǳǽֱӱҶһ˿
ҶŽǳǽȥӽҪҰ


1940 ֮һ
ԶǽһΪ
ǽ˴󾪣
˿ԶҶг˼ɵ֮ɫ
·ҶŽѾһΪĳȥǶѵĳϷһӡ
ӣ֮ǰ˵õˣ
ӿһҶеĽȻҶǺˣ
Ҷûзϻ̧־һ
ˣ
һڳһƿնȥٶ֮죬д˸ûп塣
䣡
Զ֮ǰվλãֱӱһն촷ۣӱҲɣ
Ҷгֱָǳһ𾪵ӣڸߴһֿ
䣬ͻȻתǲԶͬɵĳǹӡ
û˿ϻҶҽ͵һ壬ֱӻһ⳯ǳǹӱȥ
ǹӴ󾪣ӿţ˫ųǹǰ͵һһ
һֱӽΧĿռ䶼ѿ
Ȼ
أ
ǹ˴ǹֱӷɵǧɿ⣬һͣбһھѪʱ˫۶ȻԲȫë
ΪһѾü䣡
һ֮ǰһٿ
һɲǣ
ͣ
˵Ŀ֮УǵֱԳǹӵüһ
ǹֱӽӲܿ죬еɫʿʼɢ
ɱεǿߣ
һΣѾǼɵ𺳣һ˿η壡
ԶգҶתͷԶǳӣˣ
䣬Ҫ֣ʱһͻȻڳ𣬡Ҫӳս𣿡
һ£һߺ׳ҶԶ
žǿߣ
ӳǣ
Ҷüͷ΢壬һᣬˡƬǸʲô֮һ
ҶɨһܣʱУһǿϢ⼸Ϣ׷Ѿﵽ
Ҷջ˼̧ͷԶߣӳսʱû뷨˵ţɨһԶǳǹӵʬ壬Ȼֵǰֻ·˵أǣȴҳ֣ôҺ۸
֣֮߳Ϊ㽫ħ˴˹
ħˣ
ҶЦЦұħ׷ɱСߵ˵أȻȴҷһе㱾££ѾһʬˡڣҪ

ɫɱӳһˣһٵӳǸǵĳǽȻҪҪѵΪӳǺ۸
ӳǺ۸
Ҷ΢΢һתȻ͵غӳǲ۸ѵҶžͺ۸
ţȻָƬ֮һһ
Ƕŵģ߳
ҶЩеûģڣǸһ
̧ͷҶأ
ҾԼԼ
Ҷ£һصͻȻ˳Уת˲һڳһ
һɲǣ
ʱĽһɲǣѷǵһɲǡ
У밵ǼǿϢ֮⣬ˣûпҶһ
Ϊ̫ˣ
Ȼˣǣȴ޷ֹ
Ҷһ̣ԶǳɫȻ䣬ת˲һɫƳǰ
ʱ
ͣ
ǵֱǽɫһٶȲٴδǳӵ塣
һ˲䣬а
һϢǳǰĽɫƷ˿֮һֿģǳӵ塣
һΣĶûܹס
һĻɫ˲Ҷ
䣬Ҫ֡
ţ
ʱһͻȻǳдܿ죬תͷС
ǳУһӻ˳ӴԼʮ߰꣬һϮۣϴһɴݵʡ
꣬Ҷǰɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼæǰôˣ
Ц߳飬׽ҹ
ߵ»ᴦõģ
Ц޷½Ұɣ
΢΢ͷȻ˵ӵ
תͷҶ֪ôƺ
ҶһӣȻҶ
Цҽش˵ţһһԵʬ壬֮ǰ飬Ѿ֪˸š֣СģΣ
ģ
ҶЦʲôģ
شɱҵˣҲʲôԭֻ֪ɱҵˡȻȻʮڣܲ㣬ȥǣ㱻һܣҪӳǣΪҷ񣡡
ӳǣ
ҶЦЦҲأ
شܹӼžǿǰߣԣ
ʮУ
ҶһشԷľ磬Էĸоеɲ⡣
һˣ
߶ش̬ȾͿԿóˣ߶ش𾴣ǷԷθģΪشʲô
ܹһžǿ𾴣ˣȻһʲô򵥵ˣ
Ҷξ壿
ҶЦʮлңҿҪʮлң
شЦЦԸ
䣬ͻȻĳҶǰת˲һָҶ
Ҷδýһȭ
ǣȭͷشָʱɫʱһ䣬Ϊǰشı塣ҶӦ죬תһȭ
ǣȭˣ
ûˣ
ʱһָֻ׵ĵĺϡ
أ
Ҷ˶ʱسˣ˵ĹʱشͻȻǰǣһ˿аȵЦݡ
ҶٴһȭȻһȭˣ
ռһ
ʱشҶͬʱһֻҶĺϡ
أ
ҶֱӳԶ˳ȥǣɳȥһ̣شֹĳǰ
һΣҶδȭ˫ۻ
ӸղŵԷٶ̫죬ۣԷԷױԷԻˣѡ
ʱһֻͻȻӡǰ
ֵĺףҶ޷ܡǣҶҲˣ
أ
ڳ
Ӱֱӳ߷˿
ӰҶش
ش˿ԼǰǰһȭӡղһҶǰʱҶϵġ
شջĿ⣬ȻҶǿӦҲǿܲ
ʱԶҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾشͷת˲һֻõצԿжش͵¡
أ
һӰֱӷ˳ȥ
ӰشҶ
ʱشͻȻҶȥ࣬Ӧһۣʥӣܲţ֪˭𣿡
˵⣬ش΢ƣҾǶ֮һ


1941 ˭Ҷˣ
ۣ
ԶҶ˿Լǰǰһӡ
ղһʱԷһһؿڡ
Ϊʲôɳȥǰش
ԷٶȺܿ죡
ãһƣûиʲôʵԵ˺
Ҷ̧ͷش˿̣شѾǰɵλãش΢΢һЦϴŴŵЦݣҪ𣿡
Ȼأ
Ҷ΢ƣһֱ̣ʧԭء
أ
УһըȻӰֱӳˡһֳ̣ű˴˱ȥ
Ҷδý
Ǿ仰ýǾҪɱˡڣɱˣֻսսرǸմﵽҪսҪսԼǱܣ
ǰӣպʺ
ΪԷ㹻ǿ
شٶȣսʶһ㶼ҶԷٶȻҪҶ죬ԷҲȱݣǾûҶǿ
ǣԷٶֲһĲ㣡
˵ĽַǳǳĿ죬г˼ǿ⣬˸˵켣
顭
һըڳ˵ķս£ΧĿռ俪ʼҲ˽µƬأѾ̮ݡ
ԼһʱҶشͻȻͣ
ʱ˿̣شѾһ˿ء
Ҷϣ˷֮ɫشսջĶࡣ
ҵʱشͻȻ
ҶЦЦʮѹ㲢ûлңԣҪˣ
䣬תߡ
ţʱش
Ҷͣ½Ųתشôڣ
ش΢΢ҡͷȻǡմ
Ҷ˵ͷ
شĬһᣬȻûȤһһ£
£Ҷ⡣
ش΢΢һЦ֪壬壬ԼħȰЩŶģ
Ҷ
ش˵ͷ⡣ţȥͻԼǻȥΣյĵطԼΣյĵطЩţط
˵⣬˫ֳ쿪طεĵط֮ûбΪﻹôôǶţ
˵Ĵʲô£Ҷʡ
ش΢ƣɱˣ
ɱˣҶüͷ
شҪ棬ͱɱˡǲɱˣ˾ͻɱǡᣡ֪ղЩħΪγǳԵĲˣϵѪԼɵԽ࣬ҲͻԽǿ
ҶĬ
ʱشֵطĲǻšֻҪţͻǿֻˣˣˣ
˵⣬ЦЦȻֵУŵҸʱҲ뵥ǣΧҾ֪һǳ޴뷨ܴǣܴʮʮ𣿡
ҶĬãȻҲϲĶǣ
ûйĶǣ
شӳǣû˸ҹĶǣҲᡣΪЩǲŽᣬǱضᱻҪЩ
Ҷʲô
شƬΧһ޼ʵɽƬɽɽããɽ֮Уǿ˵⣬ֱҶأǳǿ󣡡
ҶãȻҡҡͷתʧԭء
һĻشһĨʧʱҶͻȻشǰȻԸӳǣ
ش΢΢һܿ죬Ҷת˲ɫȻһ䣬Ϊǧ⣬֪ʱһȺħˣʮࡣ
شϡ
䣬Ե˺ԥתߡ
ҶȻҲǣЦȻѾﵽǣһȺħˣͶǿߣУкüѾﵽЩΧסʮģ
ӣ
شһ˵Ĵ£˽˳УȻӳǵĺһӵ
ش˵ǰһƬƽ̹ƽԭһͷ
ʮħˣЩħˣ׷ᡣ
ҶԣشͻȻҶԵļߣ
Ҷסûɣ
شǲ赲ǣȻܹߣǣԵЩˣȫҪ
䣬شԵǿȫͣ
ҶԥҲͣʮħ˿񱼶ҶҲ̲סͷƤ顣
Ⱥħ֮Уžǿߣ
Ҷԥ£ȻǲҪɣ
شʱסһᣬԮӾͻᵽ
ԮҶжʱһɣȻҲǸˣǣʮʵǲװ
ش˫ֻλɣ
䣬ҽ͵һ棬ֱӻһʮħ˳˹ȥ
Ҷһش΢΢ͷŰ֮ǰʲôܲšʲôɫ
ûж룬ҶҪ֣ʱԶȺħ֮УΪ׵һħͻȻɱˣ
Ҷħˣң
ʱħԣһħͻȻ
Ҷ

Ϊ׵ħ£ֱӻһĺڹ⳯Ҷ֮ռֱӱѿˣǿֱӱǽҶѹĳˣ
ǿ
Ҷ˿̵뷨
Ҵ⣬ҶһһУת˲⼤
ȻЩֱӱħ˵Ƹѹס
أ
УҶ˴ϳˣ˵Ĺ꣬ʮֱӳħ˵ǰɲǼ䣬ֱӽħû
ǡ
䣡
һըЩħ˵Ľ˲ʧӰ١
ԶһĻҶɫޱħˣĻҪǿ࣡
ԷȻֻεľ磬ʵԿʯǿߣ
˿֮ģҶֽü䣬һ̣ܣת˲һ
һɲǣ
һٶȿ쵽˼£ҲǼΪĿֲռֱӱ˺ѿ
أ
Ϊ׵ħֱӱҶһɿ⣡
ͣ󣬿˿ԼǰǰһĽۣѪ

ħɫ˲һٴγҶȥ
ԶҶ˫΢УҲҪٴγ֣ʱһƿͻȻңԶʴת˲
أ
Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮Уħֱӱһҵǧɿ⡣
˭Ҷˣ
ʱһŭҶ


1942 ӳǣ
ͻȻ
ҶתͷұߣһŮӡŮӵͷǳĴ˵ֹԷȣ˵Ҫ֡
ڶԷУһ
֮ҲǳҶ󣬿˵վһ𣬿ܻû
ղΪ׵ħ˾Ǳɵģ
뺷ŮӽڼϣȺħȥЩ飬ƽʱǽˮˮǳʲô磿ȻӳҰǲ̫˰
䣬еͻȻ˳ȥ
أ
Զħֱӱĵ˳ȥ
һĻҶѾȫס
Ƿɳȥˣɶǿεǿ߰ôһҷˡ
ɱǵˣ
ʱΪ׵ħվ˳ģ
ԣаŮüͷתͷһԻ˵شСȳ֣
شЦЦȻ㣬˵ҸΥ𣿡
ô£
شҶ㣬λֵܣմ֪ôħ壬Ȼ󡭡ڼӳˡžô£
ǰתͷҶһֱ̣ӳҶǰ
Ҷɫ˲
ΪԷǰһ㶼ûо
һҶһ̣һѹͻȻסҶ
⧲֮£ҶֱӵȥӦ죬æסѹǣѹȴԽԽأԽԽǿ
ҶֱӰҲҶӡ
ѹԽԽأ
Ҷͷ֮ϣ亹֡ͬʱȫžžǹͷĦ
һᣬҶǹѹͻȻʧ
ʱ˵ͷ
˵꣬תͷԶħˣˣӳǵˡԣǹɣ
ԶΪ׵ħɫޱȵѿҪħ˿ߡ
ڲɱǣͻȻ
ԣȺħɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϊ׵ħ˲˵ʲô俴һ۰ԵҶȻתȥ
ʱͻȻԵҶӣͲҪӳˡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Զħ˿ߵˣ̡̣ǿ϶ưոݵģԣԼĻʹӳǰɣ
˵꣬һԵشˣߣȥ
ڰ£Ҷһӳǡ
ӳǣһСǣһЩƾɡǽ֮ϣʮ꣬ЩеڵϣеĿǽϣеšʱЩɫʱһ䣬ȻȫվڳǽϣĿбӣһ
·ЦǼһ죡
ԣʮɫʱ
Ҷһʮˣʮ˶ǿߣңлһεǿߣ
ЩˣͶ࣡
繷ߣ
Ҷʱ뷨
кҶǰһĻסˡУյûκνǣûһһĿճǣ
֪Ҷ룬һԵش͵Ϣ
Ҷڷʲô
شٺһЦϾ֪ˣ
ʱǰͣתͷҶҽаģͷռ룬Ͳҹˡ쿪ʼҹ
˵ţתͷشú˵
˵꣬תȥ
УشߵҶԣȻӳǣԭһٶ࣬ڣֻʣʮˣ١Щ֮УģǣҲ壬壬壬ġܰԹ磬УǼһϵܺãĽ飡
˵⣬һԶǧڵصİȻֵϴģ֮ĹϵȻûǰͬˮ𣬵ǣҲá⣬ϴûһƫ
ҶһԶǰţ
ش˵ͷһţ޼ǣڵѾžǿߣսɱ֪ǿߣңɻɱ
һţ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻջĿ⣬ֵ֮ǰ˵Ǹҹʲô
شɫܣǺɽɽڣصЩ඼ɽңҲ֪ǣһһϣǾͻ뿪ɽܣ
ʲôҶʡ
𣡡
شЩһٶȼ죬رںҹǵٶȿ˷ָ˵⣬˶٣ȻֵҸʱͱһֻɱҪ벻ɱǾֻбǸ죬ݣٶΪʲôôԭΪǱЩһƳģ
Ƴģ
ҶĬ
ʱشļ򣬡ϴ˵ɽɽ֮磬Σա֮Ҫ׼ҪǸײУ
˵꣬תߵһ̣Ȼڵء
磡
Ҷɨһܣʱҹɫ١ܣڵأϲʱ
⣬ž
Ҷ̧ͷǳǽܵĳǽϣÿһվˣУ඼꣬ҲһЩ΢һЩġЩˣɫ䱸ٴУ
һᣬҶջĿ⣬Ȼڡ
ںϣ
֮Ҷһľںϡֻںһֻצͷһʵı仯ȫںϣʵ̶ֳȣ
ǰҶһɣ
һ̣ҶǸоԼжʲôת˲һѣθϮ
ʱһһȥҶϣ亹ϸ֣˳ջ¡
֪˶ãҶ˫˿

Ҷ³һȻվԼ˫֣˫΢΢һɲǼ䣬˫ֵܣֳֻõİɫצ
ԭֻһֻڣֻ
Ҷ˫ȭգսһֻ̣õצҲս
˿ĸоǣֻצûκ
ЩϧǾ޷ԼںϣܹںϵĻڼĽ࣬ǿһ˷ָĵز
ϧڵľ磬޷ںϣ
ʱҶüͷһ̣صʵС
ʱҹ
Ҷ̧ͷȥǳǽϣЩ˴˿ȫ䱸ţٴС
ͻȻ
ౣ
һ̶ͻȻǳ⴫
ˣʱҶԲԶش


1943 ֵһᣡ
Ҷ̧ͷȥǳĺҹ֮УͻȻһͷ
Ͳͷӥ˫צ˫
Ͳ󣬵ǣ˫ȴе󣬱Ҫ屶

ҶԣشЩһأ
ҶҪ˵ʱͷͻȻǳǽ֮ϣٶ֮죬ҶΪ֮һ
죡
ǳĿ죬ʹķӦûзӦ
ǣǳǽϵЩȴǲûбٶȸŵûбŵЩٶȷ죬ͷǽһʱһͻȻת˲һǹֱ󱳣
ÿٶȣ
شԣҶ
иģ
شЦе档ǵٶ֮Կ죬ÿЩһսЩһӲƳġǣٶΪҲô죿
Լٶȣ
ҶЦЦҲǱƳģ
ٶȣɱˣһãǾܡⱲӣȱľ鷳ÿʱÿ̶ڱ׷ɱšҲûкôΪõòòԼǿ
ܶʱ˶ǱƳģ
ǽϣѾͷʱΧͷ
ʱҶЩ֮ˣ
Щٶȼ죬ǷǾˣ˵˿ڵȻʩչ࣬ЩǱȲϵġ
Χɴ·磡
ҪҪæҶԵش
شҡҡͷ
ΪʲôҶ

شЦÿˣǳǳĽȻԸ壬ǣϴ֮⣬˭е㲻˭ģȥǣǾԽܲ˵ġΪǰǶҹʱûǣ

Ҷתͷȥǽ֮ϣЩȻͷѹƣѾѪǣЩȴԽսԽо

ŵĺЩţ̫̫ˣ
Уǽ϶ǽϵЩ˸ס
ʱһһȥս
߳һĨǰʱЩͻȻȫʧʾͷ
˿̣ǽϵЩˣ׷̱ڵϣڴڴš
ƣ
սһϣЩѾĽƣ

ʱҶشԶǰͻȻˡ
ԣǽϵ˶ʱһ飬Ȼȫ˰ǰ
ɨһǰĶʮˣʱʮϴ඼ˣм˵ķǳأֱ۶ûˣеûˡ
ǣûˣ
ͻȻԼǰȱһֻ첲ӣͷʱݱһ·âҪȥƴҲԼʲôʲô
һЦû˵ʲô
Ц֪Ц
һӣԱǿˣҪѧݱܷâһʱãΪ´θõǰף
æͷף
ָһöɾʯӵǰȥúˣ
ɫ΢䣬ȻæҡҡͷҲҪҡ
ǲ밤᣿һӡ
ӻ˵ʲôʱǰͻȻӡһ㣬ţúˡ
˵ţָһÿλ˼صǰöɾʯҲǣ
˶Ű˱ȭл㣡
㣡
ʱڰһ۵ͻȻվ˳ò˵ڳЩ۵ġΪеˣ඼ˣһޱȵǱ
ǣȴһ㶼Ǳǰϣһ˿ѪûС˵Χγһϴķ
תͷǰӣǰһЦ㣬㿴ҲˣܲҲɾʯ
ˣ
һǰӣȻתתԼȭͷ鿴
˵ţǰȥ
һĻǰɫʱһ䣬Ȼæɫٵģ㣬ҲҪɾʯˣģҪˣ
һ۰ӣȻھʵֱǿЩ
ھЦڴǰǶֵһᣡ
ٸ컬ģ
һھмҪȥ죬ħ˿߷һ飬Ҿǲưոݣȥ£ûʲôûУͻУҲжȻԺϴéޣ
ԣھɫʱļѿ뵽ʲô顣
һĻһԵ˶ʱЦ
ҶششЦһھģһãǷǳǳɾҲǽ񱣬κһۼá
ȻأҶʡ
شЦȻһʱһһǣ㣬ֱҴ㵥ӳǵϴȻȻһﱻɹˣ
Ҷ
شֵ˵ɣ˾ˣһҪ䣬ҲͰˡƫƫ䣬Ȼ㣬˵ɶġһﱻӲĸʱϣֱᵽϡ󣬻ȥϴéޣ
شЦë
ʱԶھͻȻشҺù֪˭ڳǽҹ
죡
شھڼˣǲ뵥
㰡
ھ˵žҪ֣ʱһԵǰͻȻô붯֣ҲˣҴ򣡡
ԣ˱ʱӲ
ʱھɫ㣬ھȥħ˿ߣ
䣬ֱʧʡ
һĻΧٴδЦ
ɨһ۳ˣҳȥһˣǱ£
䣬һֱʧԭء
ҶԣشЦʵǸʱ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ش밡Щ棬һǺ绽ģ棬˵ҫۡǣȴҪһ꼶Ůϴ˵ǻ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷᣡ
شЦǵģҶȻ󱯾ˡϴʱ֪Ҽаܵ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
شУǻûгȫ¡˵ɣҰ˾ĻϴҲҵģҵʱԴڼǻһϴȻȻ󱻵˳ǽϡ
Ҷ̧ͷʣжǿ
شҡҡͷҲ֪иһ֪
˭Ҷʡ
شָָǲԶһӣ䣬ƲһûеʵĶϵ
Ҷ֣ӣֻһֱֻۡ
ǣҶʡ
ش΢΢ҡͷ֪˭һеأϴ˭Ƕһɱˣǳر˵ΪԶһۣңԼŪ
Ҷ


1944 ҹ
ҶٴγԶ˿ȥʱԷǲ۾˹
еӿһҶȻջĿ⡣
иһ
ʱشָָߣǸƮļһû
Ҷ˳شĿ⿴ȥشָ䴦һ°ɫ۵ӡӺᣬͲ࣬ӵƮһưɫ
ģ
شһҲǺ䣬ϴ֮⣬˽
ˣҲϴ𣿡Ҷʡ
ԣشʱٺһЦǿ϶ġԴһϴʹķǳˡ֮һϴʵǿأȥǣǾԲġϴϴܶʱǷǳ˵ģ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻлˣٳ
ش˵ͷЦ֮ٳʵԭ򣬶ҵĽҪ˻ԾգҴ£ԣϴԻһٳĳƺţʵһöûУ
˵⣬뵽ʲôֵˣˣԼģǡ
Ҷƽģ
ƽģ
ش΢΢һ漴ʣʲô˼
Ҷ룬ȻҪɱңû취ֻܽݱܷͷˡ
ش΢΢ͷһΪԼġ˵ôˣûд
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷûд
ش̾һҪǴ壬ֲ֪Ҫˣ
⵹ǣҶ˵ͷ
شһҶԭأ˺ڡ
СӣѾͷе㲻̫Ծ
ʱҶǰ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ܿ죬׺ָ˭ˡ
Ů
˵Ů
Ҷôˣ
̧ͷҶڣѾֻؾ۷壬ֻһʹﵽ澳ˡ
ֻؾ۷壡
ҶɫʱޱҪ֪Ů֮ǰǸûġڣԷȻѾﵽֻؾ۷壡
ٶȡ
ܿ죬ҶҵŮǰǰ㣬ŮЩӵġ
ҶһŮȻ䣬ǰţʲôԭ򣿡
϶ʲôԭģ
һˣô졣ֻǣҲﲻ

ҶϸһŮԣŮֵһжǳ
ѵŮţ
硭
ʱŮͻȻôˣ
Ҷջ˼ȻŮʱûзʲôԾ
ԾŮԴҶ⡣
Ҷ룬Ȼǣʱʲôоأ
Ů΢΢ҡͷûʲôоԣҸоܺúܺã
Ҷʡ
Ů˵ͷǵģоǳ
Ҷ䣬΢΢ҡͷȻϡУЧҲãǣûõ̶ֳȡ˵⣬˶٣ֵʣ϶ֻ֮ûз֣
硭
ʱŮҡ
ôˣҶŮ
Ůԥ£ȻʱһЩ棬Ҳ֪Щʲô
ҶһۣгĬ
磬᲻ߣʱŮͻȻ
Ҷջ˼ȻЦΪʲôô룿
Ů£
ҶŮԴȻЦֻҪ㲻ߣöԣ
ŮһЦлл磡
ҶЦЦȻȥɣ
Ů˵СԴȻתʧԶ
ŮޣĲ򵥰
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷЩˡǰм㣬ȫںϣ᲻ʲô֢
Ӧòᣡ
ޣˡңλۣ֪Ҳʲôˡң㲻õЩΪдڣдڣ뺦㣬Ҳ
Ҷ˵ͷںڣһҶ뿪˺
УȻ޷ںģ
ʱ֮ǰ뿪ھ밢ѾصС
ħûжǣҴһϢǰھɫЩء
ʲôʡ
ھħλϴĵܵˡ
ԣشͬʱҶ
ʱھֵӦҲ֪Ǽһ̵ܻģĵܵܣ϶ưոݵġҾãڻҪΪãõʱǴһֲ
ĬãȻǾͲҪ׳ˡ
ھʼ磬㣬ˡֱԣӳûҪȺ˵ļһˣǸɾǣ
΢΢ҡͷǣжţһƽʱײβǣһбռǿ϶֡ħ˿ߴ󣬱˵ľһ
⵹Ҳǡ
ھˣһģ˵ôôɡ
΢΢ͷȻͻȻҶʱ˶Ҷ
ҽһ£ʶʶ
Ҷ˳һۣȻҶ壡
У˿һҶȻջĿ⡣
⣡
ҶԣشЦҪõ˵ϿɣҪе㱾¡ȻõϴԼӳǣǣҪõҵϿɣҪԼʵ֤ҲһʵŻõϿɣ𣿡
ҶЦЦȻף
ʱһԵİͻȻչأҹһһߣûɣ
ҹ
Ҷԣش֤㣬κһռӳǵģҪô
Ҷ룬Ȼû⣡
΢΢ͷ˽ҹӳǵˡħ˿Ǳߵ飬뵣ģһ
˵꣬תصԼλá
ڿһҶҲǷ׷׻صԼλá
㣬Ҫȥħ˿𣿡ʱھͻȻʡ
΢΢ҡͷȻһǶϱۺˣ񵶣ȥжɱڻûУˡ
ǿȻˣǣԷȴͨ촽˰Ļ΢΢ͷȻһ̣ԶҶɫ֪ΪΣ˲
˻ԭأ
ǣǣǱ塣䱾壬Ѿʧ֮ﻹп񵶣ΪԷٶ̫̫ˡ쵽ʧ󣬱ĲӰͣԭء
ǿ
һֱǿˡҶԣشֹһ

ʱĺܿ죬ģҹɫ١
ҶŵĳǽϣԱ棬ÿһ涼ˡ
ֻҶһˣ
ңԶʣҶһɣ


1945 Ǹˣ
ҹž
ǽϣҶ˫ָĿʣޱ顣
УЩĿⶼҶϡ
ش˵ļһֵܼܲ
شһ
شתͷȥ˵ھ
ش̧ͷǽϵҶȻʵȻûġǣҵʡηˣֿߣǾ͡
ǾǷһඣ
ھЦһأʵеһûеϴǲӳǵġϾһĶ֣һĶ
ش΢΢ͷ̧ͷǽϵҶʱһԵھͻȻشģҲң
ʲôģشʡ
ھٺһЦһܼܹܲҸöɾʯܣöô
شЩԥ
ôˣھٺЦЦ֮Уһ˿
شھüģööҵȫҵҲң
ھЦݽʧôģ
شģǣȻҪģΪβĴһ㣿䣬ĳһ㡣ӮͶӮ㣡
ھ΢ƣ㵽ף

ҹԽԽڡ
֪˶á
ౣ
һ̶ļͻȻʴ
һ̣ǽϵٴС
ǽϣҶɫƽޱȡڣһͷͷͷûг֣ǾôҶУǲмǼ
ʲôҶͻȻŭȡ
ԣͷʱŭˡһֱ̣ӳҶ¡
ʱҶ˫ȭͷͷɵľʱҶҽ͵һ棬ֱӳ𣬳ײ˹ȥ
ûʹý˵Щʵս
˵ҪѰĲ㣡
أ
ǽϣͻȻһը˵Ŀ֮УҶֱӱײ˳ǽϣʱͷһֻצֱץҶԴϡ
ΪҶԴҪһצץʱҶȴǷץסͷצӣȻ͵һϣһҡһǳɣ
أ
⧲֮£ͷֱӱҶǳǽ֮ϣǳǽҲ֪ɣޱȣôһңֻǲ˲ѡ
һĻ·졣
һǸޡشԣھ
Ľǿش
𣿡ھһ۳ǽϵҶЦ
ǽϣ˵Ŀ֮УҶͷսսķʽó˶Щ𾪡
ⲫ
Ҷͷⲫ
ǽϣһצҶϣҶһѪצӡǣҶһȭϣȭͷ䴦λãҲѿѪ
ǽϣҶצһȭһһڿֱӣԭʼķսš
ҶĴЩ
ȣٶȲÿζȹΣϣѾ̫̫ѪۣʱﶼѾѪȾ죬Ѫݹһ㣡Ȼ϶ˣǣԷ˲
ȻˣǣҶȴһ㶼෴ܶʱһֱķء
һһսš
ʱһһȥʳһ⡣
Ҫˣ
ҶͷͷͻȻһȻתҪʷȥ
ʱһֻͻȻץסͷĽţȻ͵һһҡ
أ
ͷֱӱǳǽϡ
ϵǽ֮ҶͻȻȥȻֱһȭͷϡȻһȭǣҲ־һצǰ
أ
Ҷֱӱһצķɡ
һצķҶͷûͣǳʷȥǣʱһֻͻȻٴץסצӣȻ͵һٽǳǽһҡ
أ
ǿһ
Ҷٴγͷ˹ȥ
ͷһβûҶҪʷȥΪԽԽˣ
ǣҶȴͬƹ֮ÿͷҪʱҶֻȥӲ˻
أ
ǽϣһڳǽϣʱҶɳȥʱɳȥ
ʱѾȫ·磬ΪսֻߡǣҶȴԽԽ˷ܣ
ˣ
ʱһͻȻڳǽת˲ǰҶǰʱҶȭͷպúΪǰֵ̫ͻأҶڴһּ˷ܵ״̬ˣһȭ޷ջأҲûջء
һȭǰޱ飬Ȼֱ̽ץסҶȭͷ
Ҷһȭģǰһɽԭ˿
ʱҶ࣬˿ԶʱѾʧʡ
ҶջȭͷȻΪʲô
תʣɱ
Ҷ
ָָԶʣӳǽϿԼԿһЩɽǿ
кܶܶǣ֪Ϊÿôһ㣿
Ҷҡҡͷ

תҶǶԼͬҲǣ
ǿɱǣҶ
΢΢ͷҲˬ㣬ǣҪף˼ұǿ˶࣬ҲΪʲô˼ǣȥ˼ҵԭ򡣡
˵⣬ߵҶǰȻֵһüʮ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ҲܣҲûܹһüʮԣҪ͵һ㣡
˵ָ꣬һöɾʯҶǰȻתȥ
ǰɾʯҶ㶣ʱشھߵҶǰش°ɣ
Ҷָָǰɾʯ⣬ǲǺ󣿡
󣿡
ھٺЦ⣬棬ҿһۡǣⶫ󡣡
ô˵Ҷ
شĵطҲ֪ǣطҪɾʯֻ;һɱ˶ᱦȥʮ֮ĶɽһдǣǸطǸȥ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Ϊ̫Σգش͵ʹϴȥΣա
˵⣬ԶİһΣϴʱȫˣǵһμˡ˵ţҶЩɾʯϴȥģ
һԣھϴЩνţʵˡ
ҶתͷһԶǰȻֿ˿Լеɾʯ˿̣Щӡ
ɾʯʵҲȱɾʯġ
ΪÿսÿÿˣҪɾʯСȻ죬ǣҲҪģңررõ
ڣɾʯֻвһ顣
ﲻ棬꣬С죬Ҳ첻ġ
ʱǰǰͻȻһӣӣǵ
񵶵ĺϣһӡ
ˣüëһʡ
˵ͷǽˣ
ͻȻվֵ׼Ǹˣ


1946 
ˣ
û˵ʲôֻ΢΢ͷ
ʱվɨһܣȻ˼ϣ
ݣ
һƿڳ𣬺ܿ죬һһ˳˰ԡ
Щ֮УŮʮλ
Ŀⶼڰϡ
ͻȻ̧ͷ⣬ˣ
תͷȥңԶʣͻȻһɫƶ䣬ǶɫƶԽԽܿ죬ǶɫƶӳǵϿա
ɫƶɢȥʮλħ˳ǳǽϿա
Щħˣ͸ߴ󣬲͸ߴϢҲĻرΪ׵Ǹħˡ
Ϊ׵ħһϮɫۣħе㲻һΪͷĺڽǡ
ڽħ˸·İˣָҶ˵Ҫˣ
Լģ
Ҷһħˣɫƽû˵
Զǰһ˿УֱǺڽħˣħˣҵˣ
ħֱӰ뿪ս
һһ޴УֱǺħսͿս
ħ΢΢ͷǾɣ
䣬һֱӳŰ˹ȥٶ֮죬ʹҶ޷壬ֻܿһģĹ켣
ÿٶȣ
Ҷɫǰħٶȣ̫̫ˣ
ħ
ҶԣشͻȻ˺ǿϴֹΣûռˣ
Ҷˣ
ʱشͻȻתͷҶ֪Ϊܹ𣿡
Ҷ˵شֵΪŽᡣܹ֮طΪŽᡣͬ㣬鷳ҲģΪպҲпܻᱻ
Ҷ΢΢ͷˣ
䣡
ʱͻȻһʱǺħѾصԭλá
ɣ
ħ˫ָһ·ҶȻҪΪһ˶ˣ
еȻ·شˣûаһһħ˵
У
·죬ֱ
תͷǺħӳǣˣħҪƣӳ㡣ﲻЩֵܣҲûһһ仰Ҫսս
£·˷׷һȫ˰
߶ţնʱ
ħŰ񽥽Ҫ֣ʱ밢ͻȻתͷԶʡ
ңԶʣһͷ;޴ĺǣǺǱϣһӡ
ħ밢һЦ¶ݣݣǺɫġ
Цеɭ
Ц֮תߡ
ӳϿգǺħ밢Ĭˡ
ţ
Ƭֱħ˿ߣӳǣšĸǿ˵ǣţȴħ˿ӳǶΪ֮رɵġ
Ϊûй̶ľ˵Ĵߣʱɽ
Ӱȥ٣
ħ˿ߣӳǣܾûŵϢˡڣֳˡ
Щһĳ֣ζҪˣ
ĬãħͻȻ·ҶȻħ˿һ˵ħ˿Ӯħ˿䣬ʱաĵߣ
Ҫ˵ʱ·ҶͻȻԣ
Ҷȷ
ҶЦȺŹǲ££𣿡
ҶĻ˶ʱĿЩ
Ҷվõ֪ǰӣһˡ
֣
УһҶȻ֣
˵꣬תͷǺħԳְɣ
䣡
ħ
ʱһֳ־޸ħվ˳Ŀֱ·Ҷϣүүˣ
Σüͷ
ħǲôˣ
ξΣ
ʱҶ˿УҰɣ
һҶȻã
䣬˳˳ǧɡ
ǺħҲ˳ǧɣУֻʣҶֳ־޸ħˡ
ֳ־޸ħû˵κεķϻһǱ޸ֱӳҶƿնȥ
֮ռֱӱ޸˺ѿ
һĿռѷӳϿա
ԶҶ˫ֻһ̣˫ΧԳһֻõİɫצ
˵Ŀ֮УҶ˫ֳǰһϣ
أ
һϣҶ˫ֱӺסǱ޸
ҶȴҲسɲͣ
һ̣ĿⶼҶ˫צϣ
ʱҶסǱ޸Ȼ͵سԶħ˾һ
ݣ
ƿǱ޸Яһɿֲħˡ
ħɫǣûҲûжҶһ㣬˫ֳǰһ̽ȻסǱ޸ĸ
أ
ħֱӱǧɿ⣡
һͣҶѾǰȻһצħ˱ȥ
ħ˺ܿж֮ǰǾ޸֮еȻ˫ž޸Ͼһ֡
أ
˵һӴ͵ط˿һΣҶֱӱǧɿ⡣ħͬҲ˳ȥ

Ҷħ֮䣬ľ˶ûκεļɣҲûκʽǵٶƴ
սȭȭ⣡
һֿҶڳħ˳˹ȥʱħͻȻһԾȻ˫ž޸Ҷ
һ·춼Ҫһ㣬ֲޱȣ
ҶûжֽճȭȻһȭǸͷ˹ȥ
ȭܣһֻյľ޴צ
һȭȭΧĿռֱӱйѡ
С
䣡
߸һӴһǿֱӴ˽㴦ϯ֮ռֱӻޣһ޴ĿռڶͷˣǿռڶԼٶȳӿ
ͻȻ飡
䣬ڰһ°ɫ۵˳ӣӡ
˫ֳǰһɲǼ䣬ҶĿռڶ˲ʧӰ٣ͬʱǹǿҲʧ
ӹ̿ռ䣬Ҫÿռѣ
΢΢ͷȻ˫趯ܿ죬ΧĿռ佥ĳֱ仯
Զսڳ
ģħ˴·ˡ֮Դ·磬ҶǣҶĻָٶ̫ˣ
˽ԶˣǣҶܵˣܿͻָħܵԽԽ࣬ԽԽأ˳֮£ħȻᱻҶѹơ
ʱħѾƣֻܱҶȴ
ˣ
ʱǺħͻȻ£ʱաˣպ㣬㡭
ˣ
ʱһͻȻڳת˲һڳһ
ʼδǺħ
Զֳ־޸ħڽһֱ̣ӽӲ
ħֱֱҶ㣬㲻ޣ㣬ǽޡ
䡣
ͣ
Դֱӷ˳ȥ
գ
ҶԶǺħûڵô˵أ˵ĻҾͲˣҲͲˣһϣң
ˣ


1947 żӪ
п
УشɫЩŹˡ
ΪҶ飬ôпġ
ʣԶǺħҶãͻȻ΢΢һЦû뵽һޣãܺá˵ţɨһ۰һۣ£ħ˿߼ˡ
䣬һȺħֱתʧʡ
ʱͻȻҶǰһҶȻޣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ͬʱҲޣʡ
Ҷٴε˵ͷ
ĸǸʡ
Ҷһ۰Ȼôˣ
һҶȻǸбҪ㣬е⡣Ǹûʲô⡣
ҶҽǸǣ֪⣡
ͻȻֵ˵Ҷؿڡ
ǲ
ҶǰֱӹѿѪ˲
⡭ҶѾס
û´ܶʱ򣬶ǿģ
Ҷ˵ͷǣ
ʱӵǿǣ֪еı׶ˣ
Ҷҡͷһ棬Լĥ
ûлش𣬶תеشˣǶ
ش˷׷Ҷ밢ܣΧ
ɨһˣȻɫһ;ûнݾʹнݾҲҪ׵ȥߣΪǻǵòʧҸ˿µ鲢һȭһʯͷǵˮʯ
ΪʲôشͻȻʡ
̣
˵⣬ɨһۣ֮Уˣ̫עؽ˹̡ⲻ֪һ;Ҫľǹ̡
̣ھͻȻϴܲ˵ļһ㣿
Ӧ֪žǣǿ֪Ը⣬ʵѿԴﵽ֪ߣ
ˣ
֮Բ̾磬кܶԭһṇ̀ҲҪ̣Ḷ́ܵණ
ѭѭʱǵͻȻ˵һ䡣
һ۵΢΢ͷܽһ仰ѭѭ˵ˮɣ磬һӣˮֻа뱭еΪĲȥˮǱķ磬һʯͷȥ߱ʲôȻˮˣǣⶼ鸡ġ
˵⣬Ҷ֣ǿʵĺܡΪԼ
Ҷ˼ãȻ˵ͷܽˣ
Ľ˵⣬ͻȻͣ
Ҷ
΢΢ҡͷҶԽ˽⣬޷ﵽʲô
ҶЦôлֻǣиı֮
΢΢ͷҪ빮ֻ̻һ취
ʲôҶʡ
򣡡ֱҶ
򣿡Ҷ΢΢һ漴ʲô˼
֪𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
ڵһߣδͣңʺܶࡣԣҪ򵥵ķҲЧķʹ࣡
Ļһԣش˶ʱٺЦ

޵ģΪ·̫ʹ࣬ԽԽʹࡣˣһʵܲرְޣɳûôˣ
ȻޣǷǳֲģ
Լɡ
˵꣬תȥΧҲɢ˿
Ҷڵأʶ˺
ǰ˵ĿɶԣҶʡ
ܶԣ
СӣаŮӣܲ򵥡ۣⷬƵģʱҲû̫⡣ң棬ħԣ˵ģɣ

ҶЦЦȻǿǣҲƽ޹ʰ򰡣
ң㰤Ҳرǿˡǰ
ԷҲ̫Щ
ںС׻бŮˣһҶصʵ
ʱҹɫ١
Χȫž
Ҷɨһܣҹ⣬Χ˶ԭϢ
Ϣ
˵ϢҲǷǳǳҪġ˵Ϣͨǰ˯ǵϢԼ״̬
Ҷ̧ͷȥͻȻʣһڵ㣬ת˲ͷ˳ǽϡ

ҶĬһᣬͻȻһԾǳǽ֮ϡ
ǳǽ֮ϣӳҶذɣл
ʶһۣһЦ
˵꣬Ե˶ʱԽ˳ǽ
ǽϣֻʣҶ
ǽͷҶһҽ͵һ壬˳ͷ˹ȥ
һ֣ջࡣ
ڣյȻ޷ڳ̾磬Ȼʱ޷ĻǿٶȡҪٶȣİ취ս
Щպÿ
·ڵصİͻȻ۾̧ͷǽϵҶһᣬ΢΢˵ͷȻջĿ⡣
ս
ļʱҶÿ춼ҹһʼΧ˵Ŀæǽֻһͷǣڣڰʾ£Ҷĳǽ϶һͷ
ͷ
ͷʱҶֱӱŰ
üΣǲ㱻ɱ
֪⿿ǶסͷġҪýʱһԴ˰ý
ý
ҶɫʱҳŲס
ý࣬Ҳܹһ򣬵ǣఢҲã
ˣڣȫ£Ѿ鲼˺ϣ϶кüѪۡ
Ųס
ʱͻȻǰţһӣһǿֱӽͷ˳ȥһ̣ͷָ£Ҷײ˹
ֱҶúÿšʾ
·һͽΪͻȻһԾ˳ǽϡ
ǴҶ˳ǽ¡
̧ͷǽϣúÿţ
ԣҶ̧ͷȥǳǽϣͷѾйǰʱǹͻȻһŭȣţֱӳͷײ˹ȥ
ӲӲ
һжȻ˿·磬ѹͷƣ
йҲ壬һλޡ
ҶԣͻȻһҲһΣΪʲô
ҶĬ
תͷҶǽޣýԵֵͷǣ㻹ѡޡȻѡˣǾͽãҪȻͺúûȥĽȥǸȻʲôǰӡ
Ҷ̧ͷѾͷѹƵĹôģ
ӸһÿԵǻ
˵꣬һҶȻµľǣںܶʱһʱᱬ޾ǱղžҪıԵȻ뵽ý㣬㽣ҲסͷʱָΣ
⽫Ҷסˣ


1948 ţ
סͷ
УҶĬˡ
ʱ˿̣ͻȻ뵽һ¡
ۣ
һ鷳ȻϣǣĴۣĺ١鷳ǲһġ
ʱǰͻȻֵܹʹﵽӵǿսҲԹࡣǡ
˵⣬ָָеһЩˣ֪ĳšҲ˵ֻ̣㣬Ҫ׼ʹ࣬Լ׼
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼ̧ͷǽ֮ϣɣ
һҶȻ̧ͷǽϵĹˣ
Ļǹ˫ȭ͵һ󼲺䣬ͷֱӱֻȭͷسˡ
ݱܷâ
ǹȨõͷòݱܷâ
˰ԣҶ΢΢˵ͷȻ˵һԡ
Ҷһֱǳǽϡ
ʱͷ¡
·һЩ˿š
ǽ֮ϣҶͷٴμսûý£ֱӱͷѹˡ
ڣк޸壬õǿ֮Կһ¡
ʱ·İͻȻȵ壡
ǽϣҶɫʱûΪʲôǽڵĺѹ
ǽ¡
ΣգԣǹͻȻ
ֱӳǽϵҶûоţ
⡣
һϣһȻšţһ¡ǣ֪ţпܻẦ統һʱԼκвȻʵңҲûҶʱ㸶Ĵۣ
˵⣬̧ͷǽϿսҶߣһһӣȻܰģȻҪһµġ
ϴɽ𣿡ͻȻʡ
Ļ˵Ķʱ
ɽ
طǴ඼ֻûȥط˵һɡ
ɨһˣȻһԵ飬飬Ҳȥ˵˵
ĬƬ̣ȻΣգ
ΣգشͻȻʡ
ҡҡͷû˵ˡ
ֿ
̧ͷһǳǽʣһߣǺɽãΣշֺ֣ܶǵΣǶϣһЩʳ塣ԽΣվԽ࣬ҽ벻ǧһͷιұû취ǰˡ
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵǶŬһɣܲһӹط
˷׷׵ͷ˵ɽأΣգǣҲ档
ǽϣҶڿս
˿̣ѾֻŪıˣıˡΪһΣûк޸û޸ʱͨ˲ûʲô
ͷҲˡ
ң
Ҷͷең
Ȼܲңǣ˿ҶûýҲûú
ܹҶһܹ
ʱһһȥܿ죬߳һĨǰס
Ĩǰ׳ʱͷҶսͷҲʧʡ
ͷһߣҶֱ̱˳ǽϡ
ƣ
ĽƣָоѾþúþûоˣ
ʱҶԣһ۵ϵҶȻоΣ
Ҷ۾Цƣ
΢΢ͷƣͶˡ֪֮ǰΪβ𣿡
Ҷҡͷ
ղǸʱƣʱ򣬵ǣҲɱʱƣԶ֪Լļ
˵⣬ҶĽţվ˵
ҶЦЦȻƣվ
ʱУħķΪпᣬΪܶʱҪܷ˵ʹ࣬ʹ࣬ġǣЧȴܺá֮ǰ壬ղŵĿսЧٻή߳ɣ
Ҷһ۰ȻΪôң
㣿
ЦЦסطˣ͵ڰԼŽᣬһǿǲп뿪طǻȥ
Ҷüͷû취ȥ𣿡
ɢޣʱͻȻһ䡣
Ҷ㵵ô֪
һҶЩѵˡһɢޣߵ̶ֳȡ֪ЩˣеˣǱƽģҲеˣǼͽġ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ЦǿߣҪǿߣط˱ǿֻд߳ȥˣܹ֮Ϊš߳ȥˣţҲδһλǿߡ
Ҷ˵ͷʾͬ
棬ҶãԼһУ㲻޵У϶Ҳе֡ǣʮˣУԻ
ÿһ˶Ǽ򵥵ˣ
ţ
ΧЩˣʸ񱻳Ϊš
ʱֵ۵ȺУ˵ܹҽ⣬ˣҵĶ֡ǣ֣Ҫֻ࣬Ҫλ֣кܴɱң
˵⣬Ҷͺñ㣬֪϶еƣǣƾҸұ֤ֻҪ֣ˣضܹɱ㣡𣿡
Ҷ˳һۣȻţ
ӸղǸһ֮Կͷʱ֪ΧЩһûһǼ򵥵Ļɫ
Ҳ
ЩˣɶԸĳŰ
ЩǿȻֽطԼЩĻ̫Щ
ֵսܶ鶼ô˽⡣ϣס㣬һҪСκˣκκ顣ڶҪˣۣСΪĸ졣
˵ţһöɾʯҶǰƺãԼ룬Լ
˵꣬תȥ
ΪʲôʱҶͻȻʡ
Ϊʲôָ⡣
ͣ½ŲȻųȥУΡˣңңҾ͵öǸι𣿻˵ι𣿡
Σ
ҶĬ
ֵûУǺܱ
˵꣬תʧԶ
ʱشͻȻҶԣȻЦҵһμô¹Сӿ϶һ㣬ãһʼôㆪµġ
ҶЦҡҡͷû˵
ʱشͻȻָһһöɾʯҶǰûУһˡҲܾһܵأöɾʯ
˵꣬תȥ
ǰɾʯҶסˡ


1949 ֣
ˣ
Ҷڵأʼڵĺ塣
ں£ĻָٶǷǳֲġ̶̵ʱ䣬ڵƱǾѾȫָЩƤˣ˵޹ؽҪˡ
һʱҶÿ춼ҹȻÿ춼Щս
ûýûú
ˣÿһΣˡǣЧȴҲǳԡһʼһжǳǿֻŵڣѾܹԿֻ
ǿܣ̣Ҷߵķǳǳʹࡣ
Чͺã
ʱһһȥҶӳѾһ¡һ춼ҹʱǶԿֻܹһ֮ѹֻ
ѹƣ
ýܹѹֻ
ı仯̫ˡ
Ҷһ㣬Ǿǣӳڵʵ
еˣʵǣеȴǡǵһЩˣЩˣһڣͻȥȻŻءʱЩ϶ˣ
ֹȥ£
ʱҶֻѾȫ֡
֮⣬һջǾȻֱΣ
Ҷޱȵ⣡
⣿ͻȻҶǰʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ˮɣ
ЩսʱĲľ꣬Щﵽһ̶Ⱥ󣬾ͺñﵹˮ㵹ĶˣˮȻ
ԭˣ
ҶЦЦʵЩ⣬Ǻ£ĺ£
㲻ҹˣʱͻȻ
ΪΣҶ⡣
΢ƣȥ棡
Ҷ
뿪شҶԣһĽһĽ
ôҶ⡣
شôôȥܲĽ𣿡
ȥҶȥ棿
棿
شٺһЦˡ˵⣬һܣȻֵʱӦѾˡÿҪʱͻм뿪Բԣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
֪ȥ𣿡شʡ
Ҷһشһܱܲˣ
شٺһЦȻɫ֣طǺɽıԵЩһȥطһ㣬Ǿǻȡ޾
޾üͷ΢塣
ش˵ͷһö⣬һܶʮɾʯ̫ΣˡԣʮˣҲֻʮʸȥǺ֡
˵⣬Ҷһôȥ˰
֣
Ҷ̧ͷǺɽλãλÿֻܿһɽ
ҹ
ҶھĪ£Ǹߣ
Զ˰
Ҷ˿ȥѾԾ⡣
æ˳ȥ
⡣
һۣһΣ˸ȥھҶĪ£ǵһȥ֣Ҹǽ㡣һˣǸط˵ˣһڶþգǧ̰ġ˵ʱһҪˣǧӲʲôʱˣʲôʱˣԼգ
㣬Σ𣿡ĪͻȻʡ
Σգ
ЦǵطΣգǷǳΣաǸطҲ˲ǣǻԼ
䣬תһֱʧԶҹ֮С
ҶһۣȻæȥ
֣
ж󣬼ʹǰҲľĸߣÿһţٶʮߣ˵һСϣ
ս֣ҶǸоһɭС
ȻǺҹⲢӰǵУҲ˶Զ
ֿߣʱͻȻ
Ҷ˶ʱھ죬Ȼ㣬
ô£ھ
ھæҡͷɫھô£ңֻǾãһǲиӦ
һۣȻҪס磬ΪԼĸǿġΣգҸǽǻӣ֮ǰＯϣûгģûгģ±лڼɣ
˵ֱ꣬ʧҹɫС
УҶһۣھʼ磬λأ
䣬һʧԶ
Ī¶Ҷ΢΢˵ͷȻҲתʧҹɫС
УֻʣҶ
Ҷɨһܣܣž
ĬһᣬҶʼԶȥУһûСҶ˫ȭţʱ̽䱸š
ط˺ܶ顣һ¾ǣǧܶط֮ġΪ
ԼһӺҶͻȻͣɨһܣ˫۽
ͻȻ
һӰǰ
ٶȼ죬Ҫ࣡
֮ǰûսҶԷٶȣ޷ܡڣԷٶȻ죬ǣû쵽޷Ӧĵز
ںӰҶǰʱһֻõİɫצֱǺӰϡ
أ
ǿֱõǵӰأҶȴҲسˡ
һΣҶǵӰ
ӰЩ졣еȴߣĽš
ʲô⣿Ҷüͷ
ʱǹͻȻһԾֱӳҶ˹ҶҪ֣ʱǹͻȻſ죬ɲǼ䣬ɫвϼ
Ҷɫ΢䣬˫æӶ
ͣ
Щɫ֮ռ䶼ֱӱʴ
Ҷ˫ֻӳûܹɢЩ෴ģЩɫֱӽʴĸɸɾ
Ҷһһ˰ɵľ롣
ͣҶͷ˿Լ˫֣˿̣˫֣ۿɼٶȸʴšҶæתڵĺں޸£˫ָֽ
ʱһӰѾǰ
ͷ
ת˲һֻɫļצֱӳؿڲȥ
أ
Ҷֱӱһצĵǧɿ⣬һͣͷٴγǰʱҶٶȱ죬һͷ
ʱͷǰͻȻһɫĹܣҶƸһӴܣ˱ֱӱ˳ȥ
ʱǵӰٴγǰţһֻĳצֱץҶԴ
צ˸ɭ亮⣡
Ҷ֪ԼԴһצץԴ϶Ὺ
ȻǿǣԿסһצ
Ҵ⣬Ҷ˫ȭգҪʩչ࣬ʱͷǹͻȻͣţҶĿ֮УֱתʧҹɫС
ô£
ҶüͷͻȻɫһ䣬͵ת
ͣ
Ҷؿֱ˿


1950 㣡
һֻɫֱӽҶؿ˺ѣ
ֱֳֻ룬ֱָҶ࣡
ҶӦܿ죬һֱӳɵľ롣
Ҷ˿ԼǰǰѾȫѿɼ
Ҷ̧ͷȥԶտҲ
ʲôҲûУ
ǰ˿ڵĻΪԼղų˻þ
ʲô
Ҷɫޱ
Ҷһ齣СһΣܲýˡղһֱ̣ӹҵ
̫Σˣ
ԭأҶŪ֮󣬼ǰûãͻȻ֮ǰĹͻȻֳˡ
ݣ
ǹûκηϻֱһҶ
ҶһСһ̣ٽǰ͵ؾһ
䣡
һֱӽǵӰ˳ȥҶҪ׼׷ͻȻɫȻһ䣬Ȼתһ¡
أ
һըҶֱӱɿ⣡
ǰʲôûУ
֮ǰֻĹҲѾʧ
û
Ҷɨһܣ֪ղųֵλûȥԷڰпš
ĬƬ̣ҶͻȻǰ̤һһ̣͵תͷԣת˲һ¡
ͣ
һֱұߵһŹ
أ
ǿŹ˲ըѿʱһӰֶȻҶ
ҶһĨɫ˫е齣ǰ͵ؾһն
ͣ
أ
һ£ͻȻ
ҶǰһˣһֻмƬˣ㣬棬鲼Ѫɫķġ
ⲻҪģҪǣˣץסҶĽ
ҶղһֱӱӲˣ
һ˲ͻȻһȭҶţ
ҶŽֽճȭȻ͵һȭԺ˹ȥ
أ
ֱӷ˿ԳźˣǺܿ죬ֶͣ
Ҷ˿Լе齣ϣһڵצӡ
Ҷ̧ͷˣʱԷͻȻƾʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰʱҶٴһն¡
䣡
һǿͻȻϯҶĽսӴ˱ֱӱس󵹷˳ȥܿ죬ͻȻֻһ⳯˱
ͬʱ˵ܣͻȻʮʮֱӽ˸Χת˲˲佫˸û
𣡡
ͻȻǽ֮дһŭת˲һǿֱӽЩ飬ţһӰе
ʱһպǵӰǰ
䣡
ͻȻһٴη˿
Ҷ˿ԼǰǰһӡǸղǰµģ
ҲˣڶԷϣۡ
ʱڿҶʱжһ˿ء
ҹ֮У˶һۣһ̣ͬʱʧԭء
ء
Уһը
˵ʵֱҶ󣬶Էսʶǳǳǿ
һս˽һʱ
ڼ䣬϶дˡ
ģҪˡ
ʱͻȻͣһҶȻתһʧԶ
ԭأҶüͷ΢壬˭
ֳڴ
Ҷյڣͼ˰
һҶȻˣ
ߣ
ҶҡҡͷȻ˵˵˳
ɫ
Ҷ˰һۣ֪Է
תͷǺ֣ˡ
ˣҶ⡣
ܾúܾǰطĵطû֪ʲô飬ݽߣ̮ɽЩ飬ˣ඼ʧˡǣҲһֻ
˵⣬ĬһȻֵطЩߣǸʱҴġЩԭ񣬶ЩˣܲѺãǣϣ˽
ΪΣҶ⡣
ǵĵΪһҲǿԴӶ
ǲ뿪طҶͻȻʡ
ѣ
ЩˣˣҪȥʱǿǣȻҪԼǣǿ߻ǳеաЩҪȥֻܿԼǣǷǳѵġ
ΪʲôҶ⣬ҽʱ򣬲ûѣ
ЦЦȻɽȥܼ򵥺ܼ򵥣ǣɽأЩ󷨣ʹȥҲᱻֱɱ
˭ŪģҶʡ
ҡҡͷǺǣ˵һǿŪģڶǣǿŪġ
ǿߣ
ҶʲôʱԶ֮УͻȻܳһˣˣھ
ھֱ̱ܳ˵ϣȻڴڴšϣצۡ
Уöȭͷӡ
һӣȻɱͷ
ھתͷȻһЦɣ
Ҹսʱһɱֻ
ھ
̧ͷǺ֣ǻһûгˣĪ¡
Уʱһһȥһʱ󣬰ͻȻվ߰ɣ
ˣھʡ
΢΢ҡͷҲˣ
ԣĶʱһ
Ҫϰߣ
ʱͻȻһƽ顣
䣬ҽһ㣬ֱӻһʧʡ
˵û
ʱͻȻǿе㲻ף״ΪδȻֲڰб
Ϊɶھʡ
Ī£϶ǣܹһ𣿴ǲܡɳǶԼɳ㲻棡
˵꣬תʧʡ
ԭء
ôھʡ
ҶҡҡͷǶԵģǣӦҪԼ㣬ͷߣһ
ھĬƬ̣ȻطҾԼıˣ
ΪʲôҶʡ
ھתͷҶ棬ҾԲȥһ˵⣬һﶼΪѡң֣Լ뷨ǶôɿЦ
˵ţҶļ򣬡߹󣬲ݣҲʵƷ¡㿴㣬ȻƯÿǣȴܹõ˵𾴡
ҶĬ
ھ߰ɡȥúúϢһ£
ܿ죬ʧԭء
ӳǡ
ҶջصӳǣͻȻɫһ䣬ΪڵСͻȻת
ô£
ܿ죬Ҷϲ
㣡
Ҫˣ


1951 ţ
㣡
оŲ㣬ڣֻĲ㣬ȻֻĲ㣬ǣÿһİǳǳĴ
뿴㣬ǿϧ˵㣬Ǻ˵㡣
ڣжˡ
ҶڵأȻ˺ڡûоκˣһ˵㡣
ţ
Ҷȼһš
ҶûԥǰʱŻ˿
ɣ
ʱһͻȻ
Ҷס
ϢҶ˽ȥڣֻһˡ
ˣҶʶǵߡ
ߴһҶȻЦɳĺܿ죡
ΪʲôҶֱӵߡ
Ҫһ𰸡
ΪλѡΪѡѡĿġ
ܶܶ⣬֪
΢΢ҡͷ𣿡
Ҷǰʵѵν𣿡
΢΢һЦأ
ҶҲ֪
Цʵѡ㣬ѡλס
ҸףҶüͷ
΢΢ͷһ츳׿ˣҲһд˵ˡǣ󽫴㡣
ΪΣҶ⡣
ߴһҶȻôôѾˡ
ʲô˼Ҷüͷĸˡ
΢΢ҡҡͷЩϵ֪Ҳࡣ֮Ȼѡ㣬֤ԵҵԵУȻȻľͻһЩ֮ȥ
˵⣬ֱҶ㻹ѡڣѡ񡣵һջشնһڶҵţҵͳ
ҪһôҶʡ
ЦҲˣ鷳ࡣ
ǰأҶʡ
ߵҵͳҵģһѵ·
ǰʵ𣿡Ҷʡ
΢΢һЦȻʱ𣬺ʱ𣿡
Ҷҡͷ
ЦҲ
ҶĬ
ֵʵ޳ǣ޹ȥڣδ˵ףҲֻǱͨǿһ㣬ǣããǰҲֻǲ׺һڣСĺܡ
˵⣬ߵҶǰҵĸҲҵߵ·ϣʹĳһҲڣҵĵͳȻܹȥͳڣҺų档ǣͨ·ϣᣬԴˣҲͳ
ҶĬ
ߵҲûпȥѡ˭УҲҿΪҲûǸһôľ֣ҲûҪΪǼϼһⲼֻ֣Ц󷽡ȻвҿΪǣɷϣΪԵʣմĳЩ
˵⣬΢΢һЦҪҵͳȻҪĸԸԣԸҿɶϵ֮
Ҷôѡ
û˿ԥ
ҶֱӵߣȻ󹧾һʦͽ񣬡ʦ
ն
ҶԴûնʲôôûУûкôʧȥôߣôһɽҪײҪ
΢΢һЦҵӺܶ࣬ǣҵĵӣҲͰ˸㣬ǵھŸҲһ
ΪΣҶʡ
һʼھţ
ߵžͽнŰɣ
ţ
ҶɫЩ죬ԼȻһšţź񻹲
ʱͻȻָһһûҶüġ
ܿ죬һϢʯҶв
ãҶ۾ʱߵЩǵҵռһЩУһЩҵŵһЩ֮СЩڵ㣬ǺаġҪǣЩֻܹĦѧ
ΪΣҶ⡣
Цÿ˶ԼĽҲСÿ˵ĽרģʺϸѧǿȥѧͷҲ˼ҵ·ӰˡԣԹĦԽǣҪ߳Լ·ף
Ҷһ񣬡ܽˣֻǣҸȥδѰ㣿
΢΢ҡͷڵ㣬̫СҵţܲرǴϡΪʵŷߣЩϼһﵽʱǽĿϣ鷳͸ˡ
˵⣬ЦЦȻֵҪףҿΪָ·Ϊ㿪ٳһ·ǣ·ˣԼȻһжû壬ף
·Լ
Ҷ˵ͷҶˣ
ߵǧ壬嶼Լ壬ҵţǣȴѱˡȻһˡ
ʦ˵ʲôҶʡ
ߵҵţƱǰ˳ŲǣҪסһ㣬ҵߣԿɱ
ҶĬһ˲Ȼˣ
΢΢ͷƬռ䣬Ϊ磬ڵ꣬ǽ磬Ǳҵһݵ㡣ܻдһЩϹĲл꣬ڣ㲻¶ԷᣬǣȴҲɴӡ
Ҷӽǣ
ߵ˵ͷȻ彥
պҪôȥҶæʡ
ߵǳǾһɡţͳ֮ΣյĶˣ
£Ѿʧ
ʧҶԭسĬá
飬ˡǣȴЩյġ
ָоҲ˵塣
ãҶ̧ͷһЦôʲôԺ˭֪ߺõµ·
׺ҶڵأȻе߸Щ
벻Ҫһһ
ΪЩָ֮࣬ĶСңǳǳǿ
һ˲䣬Ҷˣ
Щ֮ǿõЩԲ
ԼնνԼһɲǣЩʲôЩֱ㲻ϣ
Ľ
ЩΪҶһţ
һ̣еЩˡ
ǣסˣ
ԣЩǱ˵Ľġȥֻȥ߱߹·Լ·
ҪԼ·
оĦȻ죡
ҶҪģ
ʱҶÿ춼ںнĶ࣬Ķ࣬ҲͶࡣ
ǣʼЩȻԼĽ
ܼѡ
죬̸ף
Ҷ޽ʱӳȴ鷳ˡ
һ˳ǽ֮ϣǽµĳʱλͱ뺷Ů˫ȭʱ


1952 ޵н
ڳ£ʬ塣ʬ壬Ǳ֫顣
ʬӳǵˡ
˭ɱģͻȻʡ
Եھҡҡͷ֪һͳˡֵĺףҾħ˿ġ
ħ˿ߣ
Уɫ
ݣ
ʱһͻȻڳת˲ֱʧʡ
Ҷԣھ
ȥģشʡ
Уһۣû˵˶˰
վڳǽϣԲ

ҶӳǣһΣĿ꣬ħ˿ߣ
ħ˿ߵ飬ҶǳģʵڲӳǵˡԼǵ£ҪԼ
ħ˿λӳǱʮ֮һɽ֮ϣɽ֮УЩħ˾ۼĵطħ˿߻вʱҶͣȻһԼ
УһʵĽ
ܿ죬ҶǱ˴ɽ֮Сһᣬħ˿ǰħ˿ߵ棬Ҷһ߾ʬ壬Щʬ壬ģҲģҲһЩ֪޵ġ
ԣ
ЩħԵģħ˵ʽǲ̫һħ˵ʽɣߵѪ꣬壬Դ׳Լ
ҶȻôֱɱȥ
ȣ
ҶʼȣҪħ˳Ȼһһɱ
ܿ죬һħħ˿֮˳ħɨһܣȻһԶӶȥ
Ҷæȥ
֮⣬ħǸоʲôͣͣʱһֱӴüһ
ͣ
һѪħü伤ħ΢ţУǺܿ죬һֱӽħ˵Դն
ҶһǰħˣħΡһһҪɱԷҪһǣһڰ潻֣Ƿǳֲģ
һɱħ֮Ҷһӣֱӽħ˵ʬޣȻһʧԭء
Ҷٴħ˿ߣȴ
ʱһһȥʱҶѾɱħˣУﵽελĶεһλɱλĶʱ˽
Ҳ˽ѹƶԷȻһҪʧˣ
ĶεǿߣĻҪǿ
ʧʮħ˺ħ˿жˡ
ʮħͻȻħ˿˳Ϊ׵Ǻħ
УħɨһܣȻϢ
ԣһħҡҡͷӳûжǣӳģ
ħĬãȻȻȥ
˵꣬ħתصħ˿֮СԼʱһźɫ۵ħͻȻ˳ܿ죬ħһʧʡ
λãӳǵķ
УҶȥ
ԼһӺħͻȻͣʱһĳĺ󾱡
ֵķǳͻأ
ʱħͻȻתţ޷ڽ磬ΪһֻסǱĽ⡣һ̣ħס͵һ
أ
ŽҶֱӱǧɿ⣡
ʱħϵĺͻȻʧ
ħ
ǰλħ˿ߵ죬ħ
ԶҶ˿Լ齣⴦ָӡȻ̧ͷǺħħһӣɲǼ䣬ʮħƾճҶܡ
ˣ
ȻˣǣҶɫȴԵ÷ǳƽ
ԶǺħһҶԭΪһӶӳǣû뵽Լ˳⣬ȻǾϲ
ҶЦЦģиϲڵ㣡
䣬Ҷһе齣ֱӱʥֳʥҶɨһ۳еħˣǣһϣһһϣ
һϣ
ԶǺħͻȻЦЦƬ̣ҡҡͷһϣ˵㣬ӳϴǰ䡣
䣬ħͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰת˲һֻɫȭͷҶԴ˹
ܼ򵥵һȭûκλڵĶ
Ҷͬһ
أ
ȭһӴҶֱӱ˳ȥһɣ˽ǧɡ
ħľ磬밢һ֪̫̫߳ˣ˵Ǿѹƣ
ҪҾϲ𣿾ϲأ
ħҶȥϣϲϲȻ̫Ȥˣ
ԶҶĨĨǵѪȻЦ϶ܾϲ
£Ҷǰ̤һɲǼ䣬һصܡ

ֱӽ֮ڵпռȫǣЩħˣҲȫ֡
򡭡
ԶǺħɨһܣȻҶһЩ͹ˡ
䣬ҪȭҶĽ
ʱʮͻȻܡ
ʮֺǺħ볡еħɫʱˡ
֣˺ħĽ
źħ£ħ֡
ʱʮͻȻת
һⲻڳݺύ˸ɲǼ䣬Բ֮ڵĿռ䣬ȫ⸲ǡ
޵н
ԴӴ޵н֮ҶͺãΪĵơؼʱ̣ǲõġһΣЩħһ׵˶ϣ
ҶӳǣӳǵûиҶȻҲȥӳǵˡǣӳǵȴΪҶɱʶˣǣԷΪҶģ
𣬵ñ
Уݺᣬһ͡ڳ
ǿռ䱻˺ѵ
ԼʮϢнָƽ˿̣лʣʮħˡ
ҶǰԶжʮʬ塣
Щʬ壬ǧٿףĹһ㣬ģǲҡ
Ҷ˫Ž䡣ΪʩչܵˣǱղħΧʱˡ
ǰԶǺħ˿̣ħϣҲǱˡǣû
ħɫѿ
ʮħˣУΣһĶεǿߣ
Ȼȫղɱˣ
ȫˣ
һΣħ˿Ԫˣ
ħԶҶһ򣬺һ󣬵͹㣬ħ˿߸˲ʹĴۡģҲô׵ġһܾĥ
ʱҶͻȻ̧ͷħղֽһʩչһΣŲţ
ԣеЩħɫʱһ䡣
ʩչһΣ
ȻǶǣڸղһĻ¡
ܿ£
ʩչһΣ
ħһЦԶھ磬˵ʹ˳һɵġû´ڵ㣬ýû˰ɣ
䣬Ҫ֡
ʱһ޴ͻȻƿն
Ǻħɫ΢䣬תһȭ
䣡
ħʮɡ
ʱҶǰһˡ

ǰ
ͬʱڰܣʮˡ
ӳǵˣ㳲
ûйǺħתǰҶͻȻֱץסҶ·ҶᵽԼǰֵܵ𣿡


1953 ǣ
Щ˼
ԲԶشͻȻ˵һ䡣
Ҷ뿪ʱӳ˲û뵽Ҷһǰħ˿ߴɱЩħˡǵ֪ߵ󣬰ټӳǵɱ˹
ӳǣиͬͬ
ҶҡҡͷԼǵ飬Լ
ȥڸˣ
ͻȻҶĻתԶǺħħȻ㲻ưոݣǺãӳħ˿Ǿһ׵˽ᣡ
䣬Ҫ֡
Ҳưոݣ
ԶħͻȻҪɱҵˣҲưոݣ
ɱҵˣħ˿ߣŭ
ɱˣ
Զħüͷħ΢΢ҡͷ
״ħ̧ͷһۣнǴһ˿ء
ˣߣ
ʱͻȻڳ
Щأ
ʱһͻȻԶܿ죬Զһֻ޴ĺǻһռ˳
͸ߴȫë糤룬˸ɭĹ⡣ǵıϣһͷӣӵУһɫǹ
ţ
ɨһܣܣ֪ʱۼһźǵˣϰ٣Щˣ԰Χķʽħ˿ӳȫΧ
ʱ˿̣ǺħǰѾǳˡ
һε飬ǶġĿܼ򵥣ӳħ˿ɱȻ֮
̧ͷԶǹͷӣظ¾Ƕǰɣ
ͷ΢ƣǣ
ôţһж
ţ֮ǰͲʹּˣһԣħͻȻ
ԶЦЦȻħطôˡ룬ҲʱýˡȻƨĵطԴô٣ְ
ԣ
ħ˫Ҳ
ȻӳŲɵڵĶԹǣʱ˿̣ԼôŶԼ

ԶǶͻȻЦһ̣һɿֲϢͻȻϯ
һ˲䣬У˶ܵһǰδеѹȸУ
ɫˣ
ǿߣ
˿̣ǺħɫѿǶˣֻ֪ǣȻѾﵽ
Ǹһ
ǣǺССһʵĲͬ
ԶǶǿһۺħ밢ЦˣţԽսرǰ㣬ɱǿߡԣܲԽɱң
Խս
ڳˣеţԽɱˣ˵ҳ㷹һ򵥡
ǣҲҪ
Ҫ֪ǰ֪ʱԷͬԽɱ˵
ħһۣһ̣ͬʱʧԭء
ԶǶ΢ƣת˲ֳǰһ̽Ȼ͵һѹ
һѹ
䣡
һǿֱӽħ밢ǧɿ⣬ΧҲǱ׷ױǹسˡ
ǿߣ
ԶһﱾԴ֮ģһбĿħʵҸһᣬңһ

һЦҰû֣
䣬ͻȻһԾ˿ƶ֮Уһ̣һ޴У˵ע£˫Ǹ·Ƕ͵ؾһң
Ƶأ
Ű£·һͻȻۼǶǵĽ¡
䣡
վֱӱһǿϯǣǶǺ˹ȥ
ɫ䣬΢΢һ̧Ȼ͵ؾһѹ
䣡
һӴ͵رǶֱӱسɣһͣվλٴαת˲һԵ𣬳Ƕϯȥ
Ǳϣ˫΢Уڣ˸ɭ亮⡣һ̣һȻһԾţ͵һ¾һġ
䣡
·治̮
һ޴Ԩ˵С
죡
ʱƶ֮УͻȻ˰ת˲һ޴ͻȻƶ֮еֱָ·Ķǣ
һ£ԲĿռֱӲ·ܲһһ㡣
ޱȣ
ǸƿնλѾﵽĶ֮еһγء
ûӴ⣡
һУһɫǹһ̣ҽ͵һǺǵǱ߶ʱһŭХţ˫צ͵һĵ棬Ŷǳʱȥ
ƣ
Ǳϣǳǹ͵سһ̡
䣡
һըͻȻʾһһɿֲ˶Ȼڳбɢٶȼ죬գۼѾɢ֮⡣
֮ڵЩƵĴɽһ˲Ǳ˴ɢޡ
ʮϢ󣬳ͻȻƽ
ʣǰǡ
΢΢һЦ峬ţĺҲﵽһսʤİնûСڣһ𣬶ҵĶ֣
˵ţһһԵĺħħҶϧţԸµ˸ңһߣλǺΪһ壬ɽȥʶһ磡

ħĬζʲô
ʱǺֵλĿ޵ģ
ʱͻȻһԵҶӳǵϴ󣬴̻ӳǡ
ס
Ҷ㶣Ȼʲô˼
ֱҶûҵĻ˻ӳǡ
ҶһԶѾĶǣȻΪʲôң
ҶҲǿдź档
ҶǸӳǵģⲻص㣬صǣ˰⣬ǿġ֮£е񣬻飬С֮˵ôҲֲҶӳϴ
΢΢ҡͷ뵶ʵȻǿӸ䣬ǵϴ󣬲ǣỵԼľҶܴ򣬹޳ܣӳǣһٲԿȻպǲܷڣԼѡһϴ󣡡
Ҷ
ӳǽҪʧˣ
ʱһԵĶͻȻ
һӣΧЩŵ˶ʱŰΧ˹
ʱͻȻɿеһ̣˫ֳǰ͵һ
ͣ
ڰǰռֱӱ˺ѿǵѷԽԽգۼ䣬ҶΧĿռֱӱ˺ѿ˿̣ҶȫƬռѷ֮С
ǣ
£˫һϡ
ಣ
Ҷ˲ԭʧٴγʱѾ֮⡣
ԭأǶǵΪһȺƼˮ˶Լֵ𣿡
Ƽˮꣿ
ЦЦǽϴ󣬽Ҵ㣡
Σǵ
֪ϴʲô𣿡
ֱӶǣϴġ
䣬ϢͻȻ


1954 ѣ
֮⣡
ҶΪףشˡ
˿̣Ҷں޸£ѾõĲࡣ
Ҷɨ˳һۣ
䣬Ҷת
ķǰڵλá
ǻӳǣʱͻȻ˵һ䡣
ҶһȻԸȥģԻȥԸģԸ
Ѿʱ˳ѡ
Ҷ͵ػͷѣ
䣬һֱӳ£һ̣һ⳯ʼȥ
УشͻȻЦҶ˵Ķԣѣ
䣬һҶ׷˹ȥ
뵶û˵ΪѾʧԭء
ѣ
ѡ

һŭ𣬽ţһӰʼȥ

ǿǰϢ͵İһֵþŮӡʶʱ񡣼Ȼȥɣ
䣬Ҫ֡
ͻȻȫ̧ͷʣʣʮ
Ϊ׵ģһ⣡
һĻǶ˫۶ʱ΢
ɫ
ܿ죬ҶΪףȫ˳С
ΪʲôֱǰҶ
Ϊʲô
ҶЦЦȻҶһ˲ңҶˡ
˵ţתشˣѾﵽ²£
²£شͻȻʡ
ҶһЦȻתǶǣһͲֵôдֵǣɱһɱ׬ˡǸˣ
䣬Ҷֱӻһ⳯ǶǱȥ
ζһλǿ֣߳
ĹǴ򲻹ҪҪǸҴ
һ̣ҶӳеĵλȻ˱仯
ԶǶɫ
䣬־һġ
ʱһģҶʱоһѹȸУҶУæʩչ˽
˽ѹƣԷǹϢʱѹס
ʱҶѾǶǵǰ
Ҷ͵ذνһն
նν
ʱ˿̣նνѾܹӰٵ
Ͻһնأ
ҶеǶжһ˿⣬ɲһεܹ
Щ֮ģһеĳǹ͵ش̳
һǹֱӴҶеĽϣ
䣡
һ֣ԳˡǶǺܿͣҶˣ򳯺ǧɡ
ľѹƣ
ǽѹƣܽӲ¶ԷһУ
ǰλǼǿߣǿĿֲڣ
Ҷһս
˺󣬰ԼǰشܣŶŵЩˡ
Уս
ʱͻȻԶһֱĬĺħħʹ׳ƳҲǻ͵ħôҲһѵҪˣسƳ
ԶħĬƬ̺ȻǶǣҪôħ˿߷㵽ס
ħ˿ӳ֣
ԶǶɫЩѿˡħ˿һΣӳˡħ˿ӳ֣ܹӮǣҲǲʤطκⶼ׳֡
ǲ
УãǶͻȻҶҼסˣ
䣬һӣΧЩ׷ʧʡ
ɺҶġ
֮ǰħ˿߲ûӳ֣ңӳǵ˳ߣҲڼġΪһֻʣħ˿ߣ˵׾ٵľʰ
ǣû뵽ҶȻ˻
Ȼһжˣ
Уħɨһ۰һۣȻΣҪˣ
ħħ˿ߣӳǣȻػǣһӼβˣ
ħûдﵽʱǾ͵üβˣ
Ҳϵ㣬𣿡
ħһ۰ȻҼ֮ǰħ˿߲Ѱӳ鷳Ҫ֪ͨ
䣬һȺħֱʧԭء
С
һۺħʧĵطȻתԼǰҶоΣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷѾûˣ
֮ǰǶһսʵ˵ġԷ̫ǿԷһжӲ£
һҶȻҵ͹ˡ
У΢΢ͷʾͬ
Ҷʵԭûһȷĸڣˡһ׽ɱʮλħ˵Ĵڰܹθһλǿֵ߽ĺ˰
ȻҪǣҶ壡
ҶŴһУҶǷǳͬġ
ӳһ壬˭Լ
ҶЦЦȻɫŹƲưոݣʲô뷨
ɨһˣûʲô뷨ģǱǿϱǿУҪǼסǵĵˣĵˣǶţ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
˿ǲ⡣
ָʣǱߣǺɽ棬ǿڣ֪ʲôԭǳǣţǺܿͻˣ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ҡҡͷԺͻ֪ˣ߰ɣ
һ˻صӳǡ
صӳǺҶҵԼλãȻڵأڡ
о
ӵǵĽûȫ͸ҪЩȫȫĳ͸ȻܹЩľ衣
ʵüΣҶ̲סȥѧЩǣӲסˡ
ҪԼĶһζѧϰ˵ģֻ˼ҵ·ң˼ߵ·˼ܹߵͨǣ㲻һܹҲߵͨ
ӳǽƽ
ţƺ˼Ҳû
Ȼˣǣǽֹӳǵ˽
ÿǣÿһԽԽˡ
ҶÿڵأҲû
о
ӳǺҶÿоЩо󣬾ͶԱȣ໥ԱȣȻҳЩ֮еĲ㡣ⲻȲ֪һһ
ԭͨԱȣҶЩһЩȱ㣬㣬һʼֻǷ⣬ǵͻ롣
ֲ
ĳЩе㣬ֲһЩĲȱ㣡
ȡ̣
ʱһһȥתһ¹ȥ
ںڣѾһꡣ
һҶѾǽ򱾽ء֮⣬ԸĽһеѡǣıɹǵõ˴

һ㣬Ҷûз֣ǾǣʱȻûдԼĽǣÿʹһֽ̺Ӱӡ


1955 㣡
ܣ
Ϣ־Ľ֮Ҷڳǰҷʡ
һȱ̫࣡
õòȥı䣡
ʱ˿̣ҶҲһЩˡ
Ľȱʲô

ĽȻȥ򣬱ıϬǿ󡣵ǣ̫ˡȻΪʶĽǳٵԵʡڣӵ߸Щ֮УҶ˾ããǿգ
ÿһֽһ˵Ľ
ڡ
Ҷһʯϣһʱ
ãҶ۾ǣһ˿ɬЦݡ
ʱҶǰ
ôʡ
ҶҡҡͷͨЩԼĽǣȴֵ֣ô졣
˼ʡ
ҶЩÿһֶǳǿÿһ֣Լŵ㡭˵ԼûĴЩǿĽ
ⲻһǿĽǴŻѪŴģ㰡е̫ˣ
ҶĬ
ʱֵߣֺαȥǿأ⣬һżһͻ룬ܾͻˡȥǿ󣬷ܲ
ǿ
֣ҶͻȻȻʡ
Լ죬̫ǿˡ콣ֶҪоġ
ͨҶ鲻ڳġ
о
ҶڵأлЩÿ⽣ĳʱͻԼԸı࡭ʱһһȥںڣֹȥһ꣡
һҶںֻ¡
רнʫŮ
ӳǡ
ǼһﻹҶԶشָָҶǰھ
ھʼ磬֪һˣҪʲô
ش㲻˵ڸʲô𣿡
شƲƲ죬ҹƣһ͵һͲҹˡ
ԣھһЦ
ˣ
ʱشͻȻ
ھҶֻҶվʱһЩ˷׷ҶͶĿ⡣
棡
ҶǴõġ
ҶͻȻشȻ

ס
شգգۣһԴ˰ɣ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء

һֱָشü䡣
Ҷ֮ʱԭڲԶİǵ񣬻ͻȻ۾
УǴһĨء
ҶͻȻõشɫһ䣬Ӧ죬Ҫʱ
˫ͻȻԲ
ΪҶһȻõ֪ηһ̣Ҷһĸоǣζ㲻ҲƲ
һֱָģ
ҶĽشüλͣ
ΪʲôشֱҶ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷҲ
ش
Ľ
ʱһԵͻȻԣǿĽɣһֱָġǵĽɴɽϽ죬أСģ
ģҶ飬ʲô˼
΢΢ҡͷһֶҲֻ˵˼ҵĵġһ˵ģ˴ķԼģһٵһ˵֮ģ޷ڽ硣Ȼû־磬ǣҲѾˣ
ģ
Ҷ˼
ղʩչһһɲǣҲնνûʩչ򡣾Ǽ򵥵һǣԼҲܵˡһ򵥣
ô£ҲǺ
ҿ˺ܶӰӣ
ʱһԵĵͻȻˡ
˿򵶿񣬵һҶղһ֮У̺Ӱӣû´ӦöǽںϹͨӦںལ
Ҷ򵶿ĵǰ˹Ȼ򵥰ֻһۣͲ˸˾Ųʮ
þˣ
ʱͻȻ˹ɨһۣȻҪȥһɽҪȥҶ飬˭Ҫȥ
ûɾʯ𣿡شʡ
һһҲȥʶʶһɽطˡ
㰲Űɣ
΢΢ͷӳǣҶȥסǱ׳ǣӳеĴʱ׼飬֪ͨңף
ͷСģ
Ҷ飬߰ɣ
䣬һʧʡ
ҶҲȥ
ƶ֮С
˫ָԣҶ顣
ɽλںɽĽ㴦˵λãһЩǿǿռݣΪȻϡ٣طϡٵѾǳǳˡͻȻ
ΣգҶʡ
˵ͷΣաǣеõǿֹ߳ǿߣϢɱˣ
תͷһҶ飬ӳǣиĳšɽЩֲļһǰӳǵЩţС츳ɽЩһӳСûɽЩһݣ
ݣҶüͷ΢΢
˵ͷǳݡΪеһЩɾʯһǰһݵĲںˡЩݵģǾԲġ
˵⣬Ҷ֪ΪҪӳǽ𣿻˵֪Ϊζ𣿡
ΪʲôҶʡ
ݣ
ֱҶʵΣĵطɺݾ˵ӳڣû˱ݡֺݾֻɽǰϼ
Ҷ
뵶ʵȻǿ󣬵ǣһݡǵһˣǵʵҪطȥʲô¡ǣǴǰһǵԸǰһﵽʱΣˣ
һԵĬȻͬ˵
ֿҶ壬ʮ츣أʥأһ壬ص߸һģ
Ҷҡҡͷһǣ
ɢޣʡ
Ҷ˵ͷǣ
һԣҶͶ˾ȵĿ⡣
ʱʣôģ
ƽģҶε
˭Ƶģʡ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ㣬Ҿֱ˵ˡҵģ壬ħ壬壬壬壬壬壬ʲô嶼С
ԵѾס
ãҶ˵٣ʲô飿õð׷ɱ㣡ˣ˶׷ɱ㡣
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ᰡҲܾ
ʱͻȻҶļ򣬡û£ܳȥ㣡
Ҷ


1956 ҽ㣡
鿴ɫЩŹ֣
壡
ǰ׷ɱ
ҶҲЩ⣬û뵽Ȼô˵ܰ˵滹Ǽ٣ʱ˿̣ҶжЩм
ˣ
ʱͻȻͣ
Ҷ̧ͷȥңԶʣԼɼһɽ
ɽ
һƬΨһĵط

Ҷ̧ͷȥȻʱѾܵĲ˿̣Ҷ뵽һ£ǾǣڣҲռġ
Ȼɲҷų
ǲ
طȱľҶôֻҪ¶Ҷϴ϶ᱻǿΧģ
ԣܱ¶
Сĵ㣡
建½ܿ죬Ҷ˵棬ͬʱʼϢ
ҶҲԼϢ
ڰĴ£ɽɽ£ҪɽɽʱһͻȻ˵ǰ
ӴһˣȻһЦöɾʯ
ʱͻȻһת˲ֱƿնȥ
أ
Ǻֱӱɿ⣡
ӿ˿Լ˫֣˫֣ѾѡһĻɫ˲
ɾʯûУУҪ𣿡ֱӺӡ
俴һ۰ȻһתҪߡ
ţ
ʱһͻȻڳ
ͣ½ŲתҶҲҶΪ˵Ҷ
ҶһһУŽҶǺȥöɾʯ£ߡ
һҶû˵
ԣǺɫң
а
ҶɫҲһ̣һڳһ
䣡
ԶֱӱҶһ˰ɿ⣬ǣһͣҶٴγǰȻһն¡
أ
Ѿﵽŵĺٴαһ˳ȥ
ҶóʮǺѾǧɣ
޻֮
һԣһۣУǴһĨ𾪡
Ȱ飬ǺӸ𾪣
Ϊ֣˿ҶһһʱȻ޴ֵĸоʱǿг֣ǣ˲ͻᱻҶ赭дȥ
ѹƣ
ȫȫҶѹƣ
Ҷ˿̵ĳģ
ģÿһ̳ĶΪо˵߸Щ֪֮ԼĳЩ仯ǿϧ֪Щ仯ʲô
Ǻ£
˿̣ǰÿһγ֣Էÿγ֣оѾʮӦ֮ЩӦ֮ԴоЩ
Ȼģĳ
仰һΪɱĽܽᡣҶ˿̣仰˵ľ磡
УӽڽڰˣϣѾʮˡ
ڡ
öɾʯҶǰ
˿̣ҶɣںУǼɵ֮ɫ
ҶһǰöɾʯȻָһöɾʯ˰ǰ
һǰɾʯû˵
ԶǺ俴һҶȻתʧԶ
ΪʲôͻȻˡ
ȻҶΪʲôҪ֡
ҶߵǰȻ㣬ʵӦܹܻܵˣɶԣ
΢΢ͷУ֪ǿߣϣ
ҶЦ㣬ƱƱۡȻֵĺӲǣ֪ЩУԵʴЩ
ʴȣʲô˼
ҶֵĲݡҳ֣Ϊ߰еЩˣǲ£¡ԴЩˣҪٵ鷳ֻһ취ǾǣǸףݣ̡
鿴һҶû˵
ҶãȻеΪܹӰ׷ɱ֮лˣ
׷ɱ
ҶҡҡͷһӣǴӱ׷ɱйġ
ľõһ
ӲģӲ²Ҫģ
ָһǰöɾʯһöǰһöҶǰ⣬ҲܾǣҲ̣һһöûɣ
ҶܾΪĲôȱɾʯǣʱû˵ڡǰ뺷㣬Ҳһִ˰
һһö
鿴һҶûелллʲôģġҪлͿˡ
ȻֻһС£ǣǷ⣡
߰ɣ
£ɨһܣȻɽȥ
ڰĴ£˽ɽɽ
ɽڣж졣
ɽˣܹȥĵطصףҲܹȥĵطΪصˣβطЩǿߵ˽СҪȥĵطм䣡
м䣿Ҷʡ
˵ͷããɽڣΪԵʣЩйö֮йЩɾʯȻںܾúܾǰγɵģڣЩǿǾЩйģ
©Ҷ
΢΢ͷǼ©Ҳֻܼ©Ǽ©ҲޱΣյġΪе˼©е˼
˵꣬ٶȼӿ졣
ҶһۣҶҪȥʱͻȻ׷ɱˣ֪˭
Ҷһ飬Ȼҡҡͷʶô
΢΢ҡͷûʲô
˵꣬첽˰
ԭأҶʼ磬ȻҲæȥ
ɽɽڣܴһͷóһСС̣ϣһϸСĺɫҡš
ǣҶʡ
̣кܴʲŶɾʯ
̣
Ҷ㶣Ҫ˵ʱеĲͻȻתһĻɫһϲתͷұߣߣ
Ҷȥ
ɽ֮УҶŰһǰͣ
УϵĺָƬ֡
ãҡҡͷߣ
˵꣬תߡ
ȻǷʲô
ҶҲû˵ʲôڰ󣬶ʱһͻȻƬ֮дȻˣô
ͣ½ŲԵҶ飬߲ˡ
Ĭ˵
ҶǴ٣𣿡
ЦЦطĳЩ˹õļǰû취Ƿգ
ٹ𣿡ʱҶͻȻʡ
㶣Ȼҡҡͷ
ҶһЦǺãҽ㡣



1957 ɱ
٣
飬Ҷȷʵܶ겻ˡΪܹ۵Ķ̫̫ˡ
һ̻ȥһؤ
ڣҶòزپҵˡ
ΪԼеˣ
УһҶȻǰˣǼ򵥽ɫ
֪
ҶתƬ֣ʱͻȻ߷˿ţһ˳
ˣ
Ϊ׵һӣУһѺɫȡֱ࣬һߣһŮӣһˡ
˶֪ǿߣ
ҶȫѹΪֻаŵǿߣ
Ӵ˻ߵҶǰɵλãҶ˾ʱ϶ʱֳһĨ΢ɲЦݡ
Ҫ˵ʱҶͻȻһֱӳǰɵλá
ת˲
һصܡ

˲佫ӵȫ˽ȥͬʱʮͻȻ˵ܡ
ɱ
Ҷ¡
͡
ɲǼ䣬нݺᡣԭΧƬֱ֣ӻޡ
޵н
һ֣Ҷֱʩչ޵нĿģȻΪ˴һ䲻⣡
ڳвݺ˺ѣһƬ֮УһԼ˽һӣеĽŽʧ
ʱ˶ڳС
˿̣˵ģʵЩҡ
Ϊ׵ˣ˫۶Ѿȫ£۱鲼Ե˸Ӳرߣһ롣
ˣ
Ҷ޵нȻûɱЩˣǣȴֱӽ˸ˡ
ҶҲܣ֮ǰƴ𶯽Ҳܵһ̶ȵˣûΣաǣҪʩչһ޵нȻǲˣ
ҶתͷһԵİ飬ˣϰ
һҶûԥһֱӳ˳˹ȥ
һԵҲǽ
ҶڵأȻʼڵĺ޸塣
ҶûйܰǼˣǼѾˣ԰ʵӦˡ
Ӻ󣬳ͻȻ
˿̣ҶҲָĲࡣ
ʱߵҶǰ

Ҷ΢΢ͷּǿߣԷҪӵĻ治ɱ
ʱָһʮöɾʯҶǰǴǵõģʮöɾʯʮöġܾ£
˵䣬֮͸һɲɡ
ҶûоܾɾʯȻҪɾʯ
ɾʯ˭Ҫǣ˵˵أҲΪ˶ԼطΣУ㲻˿ķɡ
˵ţɨһܣȥһط
䣬һԶӶȥ
Ҷȥ
Լʱ󣬰ͻȻͣ
ǰһ޽
޽ɣҲʮɣվ޽ǰֱСͬϣ
޽룬һ޴֡

޽֮һЩԫϱڡЩԫϱӦǷǳɵġ
ǣҶתͷ
̫һûš߰ɣȥ
˵ţȥ
ܣ͸һɻ
ܿ죬ڰĴ£һƾɵĴǴϷһ޴ʯѹʲô
ڣֻһ
һӵĿǰ˫ָһûнʵĽ
ɱ
֪ΪΣҶоһļµɱ
ң
Ҷ²⣬ǰˣӦǸʲôҵˡ
ʱССԴͻȻð˳
СףĿʱ˹
ͻȻ
Ҷһ飬ʶ
鿴һСף΢΢ͷһֻô㣿
ҶЦ˵
˵ͷû˵ʲôֻֿһСס
ҶС׵СԴôˣ
СûгΪûĵطʵǲϲ
ССצұָָ
һĻҶһϲС׿϶ǸܵʲôæʣǱʲô
СҧһֻСצ룬ȻСצٻ
һΣҶҲˡ
ʲôҶС׵ԴЦ
ССצһ̯¶һεı顣
Ҷԥ£Ȼ飬ȥ
鿴һСף˵ͷ
С׵Ĵ£˳˴Ȼұֱߡһߣ˽ʱͣ
ǰһСɽСɽûʲôĵطɽڣǳĹ⻬羵ӡ
Сָָɽڡ
жҶʡ
СգգۣСһ̯
˼ǣҲ֪
Ҷ
ʱͻȻߵǽڵǰǽڣȻתͷҶûж
ʱС׷ɵǽǰȻСצǽڡ
ûκζ
ʱᣬȻҶСצָǽڡ
жҶæʡ
Сҡҡͷ
ҶʱСѰģ
ʱССצǽڣȻҶ
һΣҶˡ
ǽڲһ㣡
ҶߵǽǰһǽڣȻȥ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷɫʱˡ
Ѫ죡
Ҷ˫һ˲Ѫϵɱϯǽӿȥ
һĻһԵİҲɫһ䣬׷׳һξ롣
ɽǰҶɱⲻӿȫǽڸա
Ҷ˫ۻţܿ죬һƬãã硣
Ҷܣʱһӳǰ
ӣ֮ǰǴӣ
ֱҶߣҲɱҲұң£˳߲Ըұҵͳ
ҵͳ
Ҷ㶣ȻҡҡͷǰǵҴˣڣѾǵҵˣȻȥʲôҵĵͳ
Σ
ӵԸ£ɱϢɱ¾֮ģʺұҡڣҾʹɱܸ٣
ҶܾһϢǺ׳ҶС
ɱһɱˣɱأɱ죬ɱɱģɱ
ãҶ۾ӣǰѾǵҡ
Ҳܣ
ӴһӣܹԵνʲôҼסӵһΪʦǸһ󣬺һɱ𣬲ܲǱˣͽˣ
Ҷ
ʱֵ˼ȻдǣȫĴңҲ򲻹ԣҪҵǸųƱɵ飬ΪһҶ󣬳ñ治ʱüݺһɱͿˣ
ǼһǿҶһ䡣
Խʥˣӵ
Ҵ򲻹Ҷæ
飡ӵ
ȥү
ҶͻȻУӲҪˡұȥ


1958 أ
Խʥˣ
ʲô
Ҷûи֪һ㣬Ǿǣ˼־Ū
УҪˣ
鷳Ѿˣ
Ҫ
һѾˣ
Ҷɫһڣ磬нԸǿǿûʶ
ӳĬƬ̣Ȼֻ֪Σգǣ֪ô𣿡
ô
Ҷԥ£Ȼʲôô
ӵһɱСӣʺұɱһ㡭
ô
ҶӵĻǰ˵˵ôɡ
΢飬һ˲ôǣԻʮɱ
ʮɱʲôģҶæʡ
ӵʥ˽ףڵʵ֮ϣǵ֮ϣ֮ϣʥˡʮɱףʥ˽ףɣ
ʥ˽ף
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˾˳ʲôף

ɫʱˡ
ĬãҶû뵽⽣ȻУ
⽣ʲôأҶʡ
޼𣡡ӵ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ӳ˽ɵ꼸λǿߣұұڵĳǿߴɡ佣ɡ˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ˽н֮ƣ
ףҶЩ⡣
΢΢ͷ֮ף
ҶٺһЦǰ㿴õĽ⣬Ǹʲôʮɱ
𣿡
ƳһҶ⽣ѣӣҪһ߿ġ
Ҷ
ֵСӣ֮ǰǸܸɱڵİǾ޴ġܸ٣ɱ⣬ɱ¾֮ĸӴ⡣ɱɣڵʵڼ㱾ǽޣضܹӵ¡ô˵ɣɵڶɱɱСޣĶ֣
Ҷ룬Ȼбĺô𣿡
У
ӵֻʱ֪
Ҷ
Сӣʱ䲻ˣ
ʱָһһöӡҶǰӡ֮ϣһССġɱ֡
ӵɱһıɱһķ
˵꣬彥
أҶæ
ӵںɽ֮ıڣʱȥ֮б֣Ȼշʮ
ǰǻĻģҶʡ
ӺٺһЦЦЩˡ
ûлش
Ӿôʧˡ
ˣ
Ҷʱ˿̵ĸо
ң
ѾǵҴˣңңһǱ˼һ
ôĿӣ
ⲻҪģ˼ǿڵģ
ˣ
һһ
ҶǱɱ
ɱôɱɱɱɱɱɱ
ɱ
ɱֻһĵ㣬Ǿǣɱ
һ㣡
ɱûضʽɱϾصĵطûʽľǴﵽȻɱгµĽȫһ
ڳҲǽģĳ
ɱҲ㣡
ǳʺ
ɱ
Ҷоɱ
ɱԼ֮ɱˣɱ֣֮У̺ɱ֮ɣ£һɱˡ
ſţҶɫ
ǿ
ǳǿ
ҶɱۡҶɱ˹࣬ɱ˼Ҳǳ࣬ɱҲǳ󣬷ǳ⣬ǣҪɱҲֻǿ
ɱ⣬ɱ˼ɻ࣡
ɱ֮Уɱ˼ɣ̫̫ˡЩɱ˼ɺҶòпԭ˻ôɱ
Щɱ˼ɣ
֮ǰɱˣҪôǸͷҪôǴü䡭̫ˣ
ɱ
Ҷ֣ߣһ㶼ͻ
ʱһһȥ
档
ԣͻȻʡ
һҶȻĻԵ
ʱС׷ɵҶļϣһҶȻת飬Сצ˻ӡ
ʣҶʱѡ
밢С׵˼
һۣȻҡҡͷ
СգգۣȻתſҶļϡȻϲ磬ǣҶڿеΣյģػšûǣԼһȭͺһǿأ
磬Ǹ⣬ҶȻ
ʱͻȻתͷԶˣ
תȥǲԶͻȻˣΪ׵һɫȹŮӡŮԱߣӡ
飬˶ʱͣ
ʱɫ䱸
ʱȹŮĿͻȻҶϵСϣСʱȹŮһĨ֮ɫ
С׿һȹŮӣȻСצҶļ˼ǣѣҪСˡ
С׼ȹŮǰܶҪˣжɫʣ
ʱȹŮӴԵ˻ߵ˰ǰ
ֻҪɣ
ȹŮӿŰָСףʮöɾʯ
ʮöɾʯ
Сգգۣת˲СʱСֻСצҲ
ŭˣ
С׾Ȼֵֻʮöɾʯ
裡
С׸ܵǰδе裡
δ˵ʱСͻȻСצһӣܿ죬ʮöɾʯǰ
һĻסˡ
ʮöɾʯ棬ʲô㡣طʮöɾʯò˵ǳǳˡ
˶û뵽С׾Ȼʱ˳
ʱССצһʮöɾʯʱ˵ϣȻССצӣһЩɾʯı顣
ˣ
һĻ΢΢ҡͷСˡǣ鷳ȴˡ
е㲻ס
ΪʲôСһﶼ˵Ƣ
ʮöɾʯһڵϣδҲ̫һ㣡
ԶСԻȹŮ˫۸ˡһСףѵãɳֵزû뵽磬Ȼջ񡣡
˵ţһԵİҪˡ
𣿡
һȹŮӣԿ
ȹŮ΢΢һЦʱԵһͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾڰǰ
أ
һը𣬰ֱӱɡһֱ̣ʧԭء
䣡
ǰֵ˲䱻ǧɿ⣡
ˣӿ꣬ھѪ
ӣ
ȹŮ΢΢һЦҪ֡ʱһԵСͻȻǰǰָָԼȻָָԶȹŮӡ
һΣˡ
С׵˼ǣ
ԥ£ȻУ
С׵˵СԴϣŵı顣
΢΢ͷ
СתͷȹŮӣСצȻ͵ؾһȭ
ȭ
ûκζ
Сգգۣ˿ԼȭͷȻһȭ
Ȼûκζ
Сײţȭ
Ȼûκζ
С׿˿ȹŮӣȻֿ˿ԼȭͷתȻСצһ¡
˼ǣɣ



1959 ɱ˾ɱ
УС׿ԼСȭͷɻ֮ɫ
ôûأ
С״ʱ뷨
ԶȹŮӿǰԻСףкϲ֮ɫ
ϲҪõ
ȹŮĿ˰ϣãǣã𣿡
ֱȹŮӣҲ˵ģ
ţ
ȹŮЦЦһ̣ǰһ㣬һâ֡âͻȻǣգۼǾҪû
һУһһ̧̣־һɨ
䣡
жȻһת˲һӰֱӴЩâȹŮӵǰ
Ӱǰ
ȹŮǰ֮󣬰еֱӺҶ¡
ǲ
һңŮΧĿռ羵ӰֱӹѿƱ鲼
ȹŮޱ飬ڰвʮ־ʱһϸëɫͻȻĶˡ
ȣʵЩǣôһССĳ룬ȴõðе޷硣
ȹŮͻȻһĨЦݣţһ
أ
һ𣬰˴ֱӳɵľ롣
˵Ĺ֮УеͻȻֶһɴ̶ƷֱָȹŮӡ
ʱȹŮָһ
ݣ
һɫ
УϸСɫֱӽǸӲͣڿС
һһжţ
ʱȹŮǰͻȻһɫϻӡ
ɫϻӣɫ֪ΪͻȻ
ȹŮ΢΢һЦϻֱɱ֪ǿߡһΣһΡ˵ţָָһԵСףֻҪɱˣ
Сգգۣ˿ֿ˿ȹŮӡţҶļ˼ǣѡ
ɱ֪ԡ
ȹŮ˫΢УҪ֣ʱһСͻȻ
˿СףСȴҶ
ΪҶ۾
С׷ɵҶǰֻСצҶպݺףţһֱܵȥˡܿ죬һСԴͻȻҶǰð˳
С׿ԶȹŮӣȻСצ˹˼ǣѽѽ

ҶС׵СԴ߶ҶһЦȻæڡ
ɱ
˿̣Ҷлűɱɱ
ζ
ˣʱȹŮӵҶ˻
Ҷջ˼̧ͷԶȹŮӣҲˣǣҵġУСһҲԣϽӹ
˵꣬ҶһԼʲôʱôԵôˣ
һԵİҲһҶƺҶЩһˡ
ԶȹŮҶĻʱüʱʱҶͻȻеĽȹŮȥ
ɱˣ
ʱҶһɱ˵ķڣɱˡ
̲סɱˣ
ҶԼ뷨һæͣ
ôˣʱҶԣʡ
ҲҶЩԾˡ
ҶתͷҺɱˣ

ɱ
Ҷһ˵϶ɱӰŻˡǰȻҲɱ飬ǣûеҪɱ˹
Ҷҡҡͷѹסɱ˵뷨Ȼ̧ͷȹŮӣ˵һ飬Сһﲻ
ȹŮüëһҷҪأ
Ҫڣ
ҶͻȻһŭһֱ̣ӻһʧԭء
ٴγʱѾȹŮӵǰ
нֱ̣
һ̫һ
е֣е㸴ӡ
ȹŮӴ˿̵뷨Ϊһ˲Ȼ޴ֵĸо
С
ȹŮӽżһ棬˳ֱƮ˽ǧɵľ룬ȻʱҶĽɻǰ
ƹ֮
ȹŮ񽥽һâͻȻʱҶеĽỮ˼£ô£âֱʧӰ٣
ֱ룡
ͣ
һֱֱֻ׷˳ȥ
ֱֻۣȹŮӵġ
һĻȹŮԵɫʱȻ䡣ֱӳҶ˹ȥʱԭҪȹŮӵĽͻȻı˹켣
Ҷһд󾪣Ϊķ֣һȻ֪ȥֵ
ʵһǲܵǶԷҶһľ
ģ
һġҶĽȻǣֱָġڣֽ֮ĽѾı䡣
ȹģ
֮⣬֮ǰ˱ɱ֮ľ뽣ٴηĳЩ仯仯ҶδŪҲûʱŪڵɱˣ
ҶǰȻԴУһҲһȻһ̳
ӳʱҶʱסˡ
ٳ
ӳһ˲ҶǷ֣һֱ
Ҷǰ
Ҷûж룬ʱһ
ͣ
еĽֱӻ룬ͬʱһͷ­ֱӷ˳ȥ
Ѫ
һɱӺҶתͷһֱ̣ʧԭء
ӣ۷壬ֻ벽
ȻôҶһɱˣ
һɱӺҶתͷһӣһ̣Ѿӵǰ
ɫȻ䣬һǧɣҶ˾룬УǼɵ֮ɫ
Ȼǵǣ˿̵г˼ɵ
Ҷղһ̫죡
ΣգܵǿҵΣգ
Ҷ֣ʱǰһְֻסҶļ򣬡ô£
ҶһǿԼ侲
˺һᣬҶ֪Ǹоɱˡ
üͷղʲô
ҶҲûһˣõһЩ
ԣüͷĸˡ
Ҫú侲侲
ҶһڵоЩ̫ǽǱôȶرȶΣա
ɱˣ
ǳɱˣ
ʹɱҲ֪϶һ˸е뷨
ߣ
Ҷ˵ͷҪһ¡
ԶȹŮûֹղһõڶ£
ڴҲ֪ǰˣһˡ
Ϊһֵȥðգ
ʱһͻȻҶ˲Զ
ˣ
ȫǵ
Ҷ밢鶼ʶ
֮ǰǴٹǼ֮Уߵˣ
ӿҶ밢һЦû뵽ôּ˰ɣ
ҶԣҪ˵ͻȻתͷҶҶ˫ۻϣе̲סˡ
ɱɱ
νɱǼ˾ɱ


1960 ɱ
˾ɱ
ʵ仰һ㶼ӡ
Ҷ̳еһɱɱȻɱˡ
Ҷ֪һʼϰɱˣصĶˡЩˣǼ˾ɱԼˣɱȻһ㿪ʼϰߣĵط
ңȻô˵
ҶΪǽޣͨԣڲܻǣȻɱˣǣʲô˶ɱ
ҶԣһҶҶ˫ȭգԼ֡
ʱԶͻȻЦ㲻ϲڡ
ͻȻȻֹ
Ҷʧԭء
ٴγʱҶѾӵǰͬʱһֱָӵǰ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬û뵽ҶͻȻ֣˷Ӧ죬Ҷһ̣Ҳ׷֡
ɱ
£Ҫ֣ʱǰһĻõԭء
Զ
ͣ
һͷ­׵ط˳ȥѪ
ڰע£ԶҶôһȥӵԴ
ӣǵǿߣ
ôҶһԴ
Ҷһӱͨһûʲôĵط
һɱ֮Ҷֿһˣͬһ̳
һΣ˿ϸˡ
ҶĽǰʱЩãȻǺܿ죬˷Ӧгǹ͵һն¡

ҶĽҪӴгǹʱͻȻҶеĽѾʧˡ
ͣ
Ҷʧһֱ̣ӽӲ
ת˲ֱֱȥ
ôģԣʡ
˫ȭգӳǹʱѾˣ
ôܣ龪㵵Ŀ
΢΢ҡͷҲšĽ̫̫Ķֻܿһ㡣ȻûгգΪڵĽԵеҡܹںϣΨһǽĸֲ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ˽һобĶϵɱϢ̫ˣ
תͷȥһѾ¡
ڼ׾پնɱڻˡ
ܹطˣȻʲôųˡǣҶչֳʵǹɱҲʵֲ̫Щ
ӣ
˹ѡӡ
ҶҲûȥ׷ͣԭء
˿̣ɱǳǳأǣԴѵġһ㣬Լǲġ
ãҶڸоԼɱһЩתͷһԣȹŮӻڡ
ȹŮֱҶɱ
ҶüͷǺˣ
ȹŮĿһҶû뵽Уǻڼģ
䣬ԵתʧԶ
ɱ
Ҷһдһ˿ãȻɱȻܹӰǣ
Ҳ
ңǿĴڰ
ȻԱ֪Ĳ࣬ǣԲʲôʮ츣أʲôʥܹȵġ
ǵ߸ЩɱǱܸ٣ҪúоȻա
ջ˼ҶԵİ߰ɣ
΢΢ͷ
˲û뿪ɽһ˵ɽ
ӦûΣգ
Ҷ˵ͷȻڵأ㣬֣һᣬˣ
΢΢ͷȻ˵ɽ⡣
ڣ
Ҷ˺ڡ
ǰ֪ңҶҵ˺䣬ʡ
ĬãȻСӣԭӴһģΪʵڿѾˡ
ǰ󣡡Ҷ
΢΢ͷǧ棬һЩ߸ϵЩݰ֮ϡЩֱǵңңңͼҡǵ
ݰ֮ϣҶʡ
˵ͷȻļңĸ߸ϡļ֮䣬ҲܶࡣţڲַֺüͼڣŻѾսˡңͼңңң⼸ڲҲô̫ƽ
ңң
ҶĬѾЩ֮У±ȱ׷ɱҪ鷳
ʱֵСӣ֪ľôࡣõɱǼ򵥵Ķʱ⡣ҲһݴԵղŵ㣬ܹ֮׾پɱλǿߣ㽣ԵʣУҲɱĹ͡
Ҷ˵ͷһΣҾҪúоһ¡
΢΢ͷ뵽ʲôֵˣһǿԿļҵġ
ĸҶʡ
壡˵ʱԵЩء
壿Ҷǰ˵徿ʲô壿
һֵĺ壬ֵĻҪáǸʱ򣬴ǧ棬ֻһ壬Ǿ塣˵ǸʱҪ巢̫̫ࡣ
ȻأҶʡ
䵭ͬͬ˵ô
Ҷս
˵ͷսΪ׵İӮˣ
أҶʡ
΢΢ҡͷʧˣʧӰ١ǵǿӹɵġ
壡
Ҷǿ壬ͷޣ˵Ļޡ
壬Ůģ
Ůʲô
˼ãҶҡҡͷȥЩڵ֮ǽԼĽƣȻײġ
ɱɱ
ʵҶѾɹɱˡɱľɱˣҶһӣɱˣѾˡɱˣĵúܶࡣ
ȱһ㡣
ȱľǿƣ
ɱҪ߱һɱ˵ĻҪɱһ㣬Ǿǿɱɲɱ˵еɱɱ
ˣɱǣҲԲɱ
˵Ҫԭһˣ
ɱôһɱɱԽǿϵɱϢԽǿɱϢԳΪơƣǷǳõġѹˣ
رڽﵽĵĳ̶ȣƣֱ绢
֮ǰΪܹһɱǿߵԭ
֮⣬һôǾʽɱûй̶ʽǣкܶܶɱ˵ķַһϲⲫĽ˵绢
ɱ
һ㶼ͻ෴ܶط߶һġڣҪľǣ߳գȻںϡ
ڲǽɱеҡ
ҶţֻҪԼ߶գȻڽںϣʵضһʵɱ䣡
ʱһһȥ
ڣҶһʼǴ˼Ǻʼ𽣡


1961 ὣɱ

̣
ЩĶ
ĽȷȻ󻯼򡣶ڣǻ֮ڻȻֻ
ǻ򣬵ǣȴͬ
Ϊķûѧôܺû򣬶ڣѧܹ֮࣬ȵġҪѶȣʮ
ߣ˻򣬻ںϣ
ںϣ
ʱһһȥ棬Ѿȥһ¡
һڶڡ
һﲻ°ɣڣʡ
һ۶ڣȻҡҡͷӦòᡣ˻Ե˿Ӧ
ΪβʣΪλᱻ׷ɱͻȻʡ
Ҳ壬𣿡
룬Ȼ˵ͷҲǣ
˵ʲôͻȻüͷ΢ˣһСᣬӳ鷳ˡ
˵ʲôһȥһˡ
һȥæ
΢΢ҡͷһ棬Ҫи˰æһ£ģܹ
䣬תһʧԭء
Уüͷ
ڡ
ҶһٲǰǰһɵĸɽˮǸɽĶк£ȫûɽµһˮ̶֮С˻䣬Ϊ׳ۣ
Ҷվٲǰֹˮ
˲֪ãͻȻҶƻ̯һ̣һֱڡ⳯£ģת
ͻȻͣ
ɲǼ䣡
͡
ԶɽͻȻһһƣ֩һ㡣紵ɽֱӻһ촷ƮɢС
ɽֱʧδֹ
ɽʧԭɽڵĿռ䣬鲼ơ
һųɣɵġ֩Ҷǰ
ղһ˲ֻһʵȻղһ˲Ҷǧ
һϢǧ˵ѣ
ȻܹǳǧһԭǾһǧʵֽľ衣ˣ˱ɱɱ˼ɣ
ںϣ
ղһҪ޵нǿ̫̫࣡
Ҷûʹýӳһ
֮ûýӳ֣Ϊҡ
ʹý򣬱ľͼ󣬶ղһȻˣǣҲǷǳġ
߽ϣ޴󣬵ǣҲ޴вûԼѾУ
磡
ʱ˿̣Ҷ֪ҪԼľ硣ǸΣѾԶԶˡ
ԭء
Ҷһ̯ٴγڣ֮пתĽҶ΢΢һЦȻֽɱں϶ɣһУͽСὣɱɡὣɱ֣˲ɱ
գҶû뿪Ϊһûɣ
ܿ죬Ҷƶ֮С
ƶˣҶֽ
ͻȻΧƮƲͣţЩƲͻȻȥ
ƣɱ֮ƣ
Ƶѹ£ΧЩƲ˵ȣɢɢͬʱҶΧĿռ佥·ڵһ㣡
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ЩӰҶĲӰ
ЩӰҶΪģһһܣܿ죬ڣ鲼ҶĲӰ
Ҷԭأ˿δ
·ɫһֲ̣ĸҶı塣
ҶվԭλãоûжǣվԭصǸҶʵҲһӰ
ʱԵСͻȻ̧СצһӰָָ˼ʣҶʲô
̧ͷȥʱΧЩӰѾʧСָλãҶڡ
תͷĿСף֪ı壿
Сգգۣһ˵ʲôӡ
ʱҶС׵ǰС׵СԴȻô֪ңǣղôңô֪Ǹң
Сգգۣ˺һŪҶ˼£СצָָҶȻһЦ
Ҷ΢΢һЦС׵Ļشǣ֪
ʱͻȻˡСһֵõʥϢû´κ۷ûõġۣԿʵĶ
ԣҶתͷǰԲཱུСףЦҼС׻Ƿǳģ
СһЦСԴ˲Ҷգ
ղǣʱͻȻʡ
Ҷԭһ뷨һʱÿϸģ죬Ūһ⣬ɹˡ
ʡ
Ҷҡͷɱ˼ղһУҳ֮ΪӰɱɱˣֻӰˡ˵⣬һЦ˵ǶһǿߣҿڶԷδӦǰͻɱԷ
ԣɬһЦɳٶȣδҲ̫Щ
ҶһȻöǱӣ
ܹ֮ô࣬Ϊ򲿽бҵıɱûʮ꣬Ҳڵʵ
츳ŬȻҪǣԵͬҪ
ߣҶУ
Ҷԣ΢΢ͷʵֻҪصǧ棬ݣţӦû˻׷ɱˡǵңǱңѾЩ˷ˣ
ҶЦǣҲпĸ죬𣿡
˵ͷȷʵ
Ҷǵҵˣǣȴӵеҵһû¡ǣһע⣬ܾҪˡ
ıܲ£ǣıأ
ڱңǾ͸˵ˡ̳еһǿǱ˼ġңǱڲġҪ¶ݣ˵ôĶ֪
ֻһ£ҵ˲鷳Ҳ鷳Ἣ£
ǣӵǿʵʱ
ܹΪҴܸߵļֵʱʱѣ
ڣԶԶУ
ڵܰԼڵһ߱ϡ
Լ
Ҷԣ΢΢ͷ뷨ȻǺõģˣҪԼкδ㣿
㣿
ҶЦЦȻȥǸʲôڣȡʮȻ취뿪ȥ壡
壡
ȻʵѾޱǿ󣬵ǣ޷һ֮Կġ
ҶĬһ˲ȻȥҪˣȥɱˡ
Ҫǲأʡ
Ҷ΢ƣҾɱǷΪֹ
һҶ뿪˺
ɽҶһʱͻȻǰڳˡ
ôˣأҶʡ
ħ˿ˡӳˣ
ԣҶ˫۶ʱ΢̧ͷʣþûɱˣе㻳ˣ


1962 һ
ӳǣ
ǽϣΪ׵ǰشˡ
˿̣ɫЩѿ
·Ϊ׵Ƕħħ˿ŵˡ
֣
û뵽ħ˿žȻͻȻ֣
ӳ˵һѡ

ʱ·ĶͻȻһλᣬһǲȻĽգǳǽϵλա

·ĺħû뵽ħȻԸ׳ƳⰡ
·ħɫ䣬ʶʱΪܡҪΪԼһʱԼֵܡ
תͷһۣǽ𣿡
شٺһЦһϴġȻҪͶҿ϶ǲɵģҪǴȥؼҶ˰
ˣ׷ױ̬

ʲôϴȻʲôı
תͷ·ĶǣЩֵܣǲ
񽥽ȻǾͶȥɣ
䣬һӡɲǼ䣬ֱӻһڹ⳯ӳǱȥ
ǽϣ󣡡
䣡
ĵͻȻӳܳĵʺǻһ𣬺ܿ죬һ޴ĻӳǣͬʱһĻ֮гųǽ⼤ȥ
籩һ㣬ޱȣ
ԭӳǣû󷨵ġڰ˾סΪԷһԣֲһ󷨡ЩˣɶǸ֮еĳţֲõ󷨣Ȼǻƿ
·ħȴɫ䡣
һĻüͷ
ʱͻ
䣡
ӳͻȻĵת˲ӳһһܿ죬ش˾㵵Ŀ֮УǸӳǵĹĻͻȻʧˣ
ÿˣ
ô£
Ǵ˿ش˵뷨
ǽϣ˫ۻʱĴӰͻȻԳԾǶǵԡ
ᰣҹ򣡡
ǽϣشˣΪʲôӳǣ
ɫЩȻʱǶվ˳ȻʶʱΪܣ
˵ţǿڣûˡ
ǽϣ۾Ŀ˶ԵϣȻ֪˵ʲôûʲô̫塣ǣһһ䣬Ϊʲô
˳ĬƬ̣վ˳㣬ţ뿪ĸǿ󣡡
˵ʲôʱһԵĺͻȻЦɡʵҲһ˶ʮöɾʯѡҸһ˶ʮöɾʯȻǾվߡ
˵ţһЦν壬ܶʱǰʲô㡣ֻҪ㹻󣬱˵ֵѣ׵ɱ
䣬һӡ
ͻȻʮͻȻᰵ˵ܣһ̡
͡
˸
ɫȻ䣬˶û뵽žȻôȻʮ˰Χǣ˷ӦҲ·׷׳֡
䣡
Уһը𣬺ܿ죬ҽڳ𣬶Ӱȴ˳ȥ
ֱӱɱ
ǣ˶ѾˣңʮΧš
ΪʲôԶǶǡ
Ϊʲô
ҡҡͷҶƽƲģΪֵܵˡǽܹΪӳǣվͿΪڱͱӡԣˣΪá
䣬һӣɱˣ
ʮ˾Ҫ֣ʱһͻȻƿնֱʮˣ̺ǿѹõʮ˲òֺͣˡ
ת˲ŵ˳˵ǰ
һĻǵ˶ʱЩס
Ȼû뵽ͻȻ֡Ҳû뵽
Ϊʲô᰿ǰİʡ
ʱתͷˣֵܡȻʣǣҰȴܲ塣֮ǲֵܡ
䣬תͷԶĶǵˣǣħҰЩֵǲήģҪսǾս
Ǿս
شͻȻŭ
ƣ
Ȼӳߵ˱ȶħ˿٣ǣȴһ㶼
飡
һ̣ӳǵ˶ˣ
棬ǶŰãһӣɱ
תشˣ磬ʶǣջλֵܣ
䣬ת͵ؾһң
ɱ
شˣŭ
ԶǶǵһ
ս
ʱ
ˣ
һͻȻңԶʴ
·͵̧ͷʣһ̣һͻȻǰ
˫΢Уָһǽ֮ϡ
أ
ֱӱ˰ɿ⣬ղǸָѾϵ
һ̣˴ס
ܿ죬һӳ˰˵ǰ
Ҷ
Ҷתͷ˰һۣȻЦֳϣôȱң
һҶȻĸոպã
ҶתͷɨһǶǵһۣȻȿ
ȷ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǶǵȥ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ҶܵĿռͻȻһ
ƣ
һεѹŶǵѹȥ
ܵѹǵ˽ɫһ䣬ҪƵѹʱͻȻҶһ̯һУɲǼ䣬ǱʼҲ
Σգ
УתĽʱǶɫʱһ䣬ʶľҪˡ
ʱԶҶͻȻһĨЦݣת˲˴ʧ
͡
ͻȻ˿ռ˺ѵǶǴʱ˿̣ȫѾëȻһ󲻶ϱˣͬʱһڹⲻϳǰ
Ϣ󣬳ͻȻ
ž
ǻڣ˿̣ͷ֮ϣ亹һ˲ͻȻ͵תͷһԵĺħ
˶׷׿Ǻħ
⡭
ħЩ͵ĿԶҶ⣬ãÿġ
ǲ
˾Ŀ֮УǺħͻȻһƬÿһƬָֻƬôС
ɱ
һɱһλ֪ǿߣ
˷׷תͷҶرشˣ˿شУǾ֮ɫ
Ҷʲôʱôǿˣ
ԶǶǵˣ˿̿ҶʱѾǼɵ֮ɫ
ޣ
ǿĽޣ
УҶͻȻˡ
˵Ŀ֮УҶǶȥԣһתĽ
Žתһⲻ˸š
ɭ
ʱҶͻȻͣ˽ŲǰʮɴǶǣһ㣬ҽ𣿡
䡣
ˣ
Ȼ˻


1963 ὣɱ
ҽ
ƽȴ羪ס
һž
Ҷղһ˶ˡֱɱһ֪ǿߡһļȴ֪
ɱ֪ǿߣɱǿأ
Ŀ˶ϡ
ӻǲӣ
Ӧ˵һǲң
˵ע£ǶͻȻǰ̤һкβң
Ȼýӣ
磬ǿΪһųҪ֪Ҷֻһεߡ
ǣǼǿߣ
ⶼҽӣҪΪһЦԼˣҲħ
üǿߣҽһһһӶȥ
ӣ
ǵĴӦõöħ˿ߵһ
ǲҽӣζţһλǿ߶򲻹һλߡ
λεߴﵽأ
ϸ˼֣
ڶǴӦ֮ʾ£ǧɡ
ҶԣСĵ㣡
˵꣬ش˻ص˳ǽϡ
УֻʣҶǡ
ǴһҶһǵ㣬û뵽̶ʱڣʵȻɳֵزѹЩţ֪ΣޱȣǣȴҪɶ˻ܽ
ҶʱҶʸϡǴ˿̣ǰλޣõòضԴ
ͬױ
ѾҶͬһױǿ߶Դ
Ҷû˵һ̯ԵǱʱ֮С
ת
ŽתһⲻԽ֮Ҷƣһ㣡
ɱǿ
ҶҲûаգǿߣҲǵһ潻֣
ܿ죬ͻ֪ˡ
ͻȻҶеĽʧˡ
ͻȻ
Уֻ˿ԿҶʧһ˲֮顣
ҶʧʱҶǶͻȻ֣ɲǼ䣬ǰĿռͻȻ̵Ĳǿռ䣬һ⡣˿̣˻ȥ
ʱ⵹
ʱ翵Ķ˵ûνʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ƿ¼ȥڣδһʡǸڵġ
ǣȥڣδȴǴڵġһ̶ȣʱ⵹ʲô¡Ȼδַ˼飬ҲֻƬؼ˵ǿ߻ܹңǳǳΣգ
νļʵָľǼȥ
ܶܶ࣬һ֣ʱ䡣ʱ䣬ƿ翵Ĺȥʱ⵹
˼
ȻƿδֻһϢ飬Ƕּܹġ
ܹƿعȥڵģ϶һ桱֡
Ԥ֪δƬؼ䣬Уǣëǡ
У󵹻أǶԽԽԶҶȴԽԽ
ǿԶҶ֮࣬Ĳ࣬޷κζֲ
𣿡
Ҷ΢ƣһ̣һص˳С

ֺҶǱͻȻͣǶɫȻ䣬˫͵سǰһġ
䣡
ͻȻһ
һлָ
˿̣ǶѾǧɿ⣬ͬʱǵϥأ˫ۣѾʧѪ˫紦ӿ
һȥ˫ۣ
ˣ
ǰˣ
УѾľ
Σ˼ǿߣ
ͻȻ̧ͷԶҶ򣡡
Ҷ˫ۻƬ̣תӳȥ
ԣһĽ
ߣ
ĿһҶȻתȥ
ħ˿ߵˡ
ڶǵʧҶͻȻһĨѪѪϵ
ղţȻһ˶ǵ˫ۡǣҲǸ˲ʹĴۡýǿƵ˶ԷǣҪɵġΪԷԶԶڣ
ɣеصģ
뾫ܵش
ƣҪʮָܹ
ʱҶǰһҶû°ɣ
ҶĨĨǵѪȻҡҡͷû¡
΢΢ͷҪ˵ʲôʱͻȻ˰ǰ
㣡
˵ʲôȴǰ˰֣ᰣÿһ˶Լѡѡ·ûʲôֻǰҲѾ˵ˣǣѾֵܡ뿪ӳǣ
شˣû˵
ʵشлЩˬģϾ˭᲻ˬġǲû˵ʲôǰľ𾴰
ɫЩӣã᰿һۣԲ𣡡
شˣĬ
һĨȻû˵ʲôתȥ
˿̣鶼Щӡ
Ͼֵܣ
ȥ֮󣬰һ˵ʬ壬ҡҡͷشúǡ
ش˵ͷȻԵھʬʧ˳С
ҶҶϢһ£
΢΢ͷ
˽ӳǣУҶڵأڡܣĿʱʱҶϡ
ھֱᴥ˴شֱۣشһȽ죬ȥôô̵ʱǿģ
شЦЦҲ֪
Ҷ֮ǰʵȻҲǣʱɻû̶ֳȡ˵УҶʵѾŵһˡ
һûκܹ£
ʱھٺһЦ
ش˵ͷˣҺúʣ
ڡ
ˣ
ں޸£ԼٶȻָš
ʮҶڳ׻ָ
˺Ҷһ۱ס
ǰΧ˺öˣΪ׵ش
ʱ˶
ǣҶʡ
شҶʵΪʲôôǿǲǳʲô鵤ҩ
ҶЦЦûʲô鵤ҩǻһЩԵ
Ե
شʶȤûʲôҲˡ
һҶ˰ǰ㣬뿪
΢΢һ٣Ȼȥɽһߣ
Ҷ˵ͷȥ
ԥ£Ȼ֪ʵǿǣǺɽͬѰ
Ҷ֪ǣȥ˳õԼĶ
ʮɱ
ģȻ᲻Ҫ
һᣬȻ˵ͷȥɡԼСЩ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ㣬ӳ£ʱϵңһٶȸϻ
΢΢һЦһ
Ҷԥ£Ȼһһöɽ˰ǰҸһС
䣬Ҷתһֱʧʡ
ԭأһɨȻʱסˡ
ʮöɾʯ
ɽڣʮöɾʯ


1964 ȥү
ʮöɾʯ
ò˵⣬еأ
棬ʮöɾʯ˭ûзʮöɾʯܹ𼸳ս
ɽ䣬̧ͷʡ
ʣֻһ⻮ĺۼ
ˡ
ĬãͻȻǺܿڼģ

֡
Ҷһ˺ǰûԥֱӽС
һΣҶûһǰСӺ֣š
֪ǲǰԵʣҶãûʲôΣա
ûеġ
ͻȻһӰԵ͵س
ҶһǵӰɫƽʱǵӰͻȻҶżһɲǼ䣬гʮӰ
ϢЩӰʧ
Ҷǰһʬ塣

ɱһֻЩڣһɱ
ҶһǾʬ壬Ȼǰ
һΣûޡ
һ·ƽ
һʱҶ˺֡ǰһƬһ׵ããɽ
ҶҪ̧ŲͻȻұߣұߣһ鳤ɵľ޽
ϣһ޴ĺ֣
ң
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˹ȥܿ죬Ǿ޽ǰʱһõӰ˳
㣡Ҷס
õӰɽɱӣ
ôų
ӵСǱ𣿡
ҶҪ˵ʱͻȻָããɽ֪ǱߵЩǿЩΪβҹ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ָָԼ𣿡
Ҷ
ӵɽұɱһĴеأȻЩЩƻԣƲл
ðһ£ǰˣǻģҶʡ
ӳĬһᣬȻңɱһʣˡ
ҶǰʵǿΪԼȥ𣿡
𣿡
ҡҡͷʵ˵û𣡡
Ҷ㲻ȥ𣿡
ȥ
ֱҶңûȥ
Ҷɫʱͺˡ
ʱֵСӣȻǻģǣȴ˼ҿĽġΪɱһѾûˣñʧκһˡǣɱһһǧʮˣôܰأ
Ҷǰȥ𣿡
ЦЦСô䱿ˡȥܱɱһһڵ֮ǿģУһǿߣٴˣ
ǰʲô˼Ҷʡ
ֱҶطУô꣬Ϊ˵һˣһܹؽɱһ˳֡
ؽɱһҶ⡣
ӵ˵ͷ˼Ҳұ𣬵ǣȴֹؽɱһ뱨ֻһ취ǾǣɱһȻӮõͳ֮ʱſһһ
Ҷԥ£Ȼǰôое㲻ף
̯̯֣ʵҲ֪סǣԡȻһӣĲ
Ҷ
ֵɽǸطôãû˳ֱ֣֪֡Ҫȵˡ
ҶЩ˼û취̫ڣҲܷգ
ˣ
Ӻ֮ѡ㣬Ϊ츳жãǣһ㣬־ɱһҪ·ӿ϶ǲеģԣѡƫ档һļһɱһķ
Ҷɫܲÿˡ
ʱֵСӣ㿴Һ̹˰ɣ˵̳ɱһķȻ鷳кܶ࣬ǣԼҲˣôҲкܶࡣڵʵ𵱳ǿ˲ֹһɣ
ҶĬ
Թûѵ͡ջ񣬾͵иҶף
ӵСӣߵҴУڣֳұҴУϣһЩ߰رһݣүҶе㵣ģҲ޷ʲô
ΪʲôҶæǰʲôҲĶ㾡ְܳҲģ
΢΢ҡͷЩ֣֣ܲ鷳һ鷳ľǣ̳ұһ飬Ҳֻܸһ飬ģ˵顣
ǰ˦ֲˣҶͻȻ
ӺٺһЦ飬ȻġСӣ˦ֲɣǾԲܵġΪѾдɱһ֮У˵ұѾ˵ļ¼˦֣Ǳһļһǲ˦ֵġ֣㻹һȻٺ١
Ҷ
ǱһѣʱͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷô
ӵýǾ뿪Ǹطˡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ӵɽѾУҲûʲôˡһʧûأٺ٣ǱЩޣЩһ޹˼ɣ϶ռһأ
һأҶ⡣
΢΢ͷɽӳǣЩ򣬱ûǣʵѾǳˡرɽ棬ȻҲһ٣ǣǶ١ԣһûҵأЩһ϶ġ
ЩˣǿҶʡ
ӷʣ֪ΪҪ˺Ҫߣ
ҶشֵΪпᣬطǵܹˣ϶ǶԼǳǳݵġֺݾЩһﲻ߱ġҲΪˣЩϲļһŻ͵͵ܽȻӡط˳ȥ
ǰ˷ӡģҶüͷ
Ȼأ
ЦȻΪļһԴ¿ˣԼӡԼ
ǰʧҶʡ
ӵʱԣ
Ҷ룬ȻǰЩʱʧЩӳǣǰʧǵĴܻĺ⡣
ӳĬһᣬȻһ£һ¡һ֮ͻԶʧΪұڴд֮󣬾Ѿжߵϵû˱괫䣬˶õģ
һ£
Ҷ˵ͷ㹻ˡҪȥȡʮɱǸӦûʲôΣհɣ
ɫЩȻǺܿͻָӦãӦûʲôΣա
Ӧãǰ㲻ȷ㡭
Ҷ˵˵ʲôʱͻȻУҪ˯Լأ
䣬ֱʧˡ
Ҷ
ãҶž޽ָȥү


1965 
ӣ
Ҷ֪Ǹʲôڣ϶пӡ¡
ʵӲСԷѾ̹ˡҸôǿ󣬵ǣôд۵ġ
̹ף
Էʼն̹ס
ҪôҶԼѡġԣ鷳ҲҪе
ҪôеΡȻҲ룬ǣˣ
ٴζž޽һָҶٶһʧԶããɽ֮С
Ҷߺٴγˡ
ҶȥķãͻȻתͷԶһźâ
аӳ֮Уһ˿ء
ܹңҲһźâ֮Уһ
ӵΪ
ԣʡ
ӳĬƬ̣ȻҲգСһᣬͰһΰɣ
䣬ָһâͻȻ籩һ㳯źâȥ
ͻȻ˿˳С
ɲǼ䡣
͡
Щâֱӱи顣ͬʱһ˿ֱûӵǰ
΢΢һһСᣬ̧ͷԶǵâû뵽㵽̶ֳȣ
ǵâ㱾ڣһɵһ㣬ߣ֮У˼
ûйǵâǿҶȥĵطһǵ鷳ǲС
һ£
ʱǵâͻȻΪڴ˴ܵаϢ
Ӳ֪뵽ʲôɫЩѿˡ
˵ʮɱǵâͻȻ
̧ͷǵâʱǵâҲ
䣬һֱʧʡ
ԭأӳĬɫͳˮ

ããɽҶС
ûѡУΪĿʵ̫ˡããɽ֪ʲôǿ飬ǵ͵һΪá
ɽҶĻҪΪ춼û߳ɽ
Уããɽ
Ҷٶȼӿ죬ͻȻһӰԶֶ
Ӱ󣬸ߴʮɣҲʮɡ
һСɽ
Ҷüͷ̧־һ
ˣ
һڳһǵӰֱӱ˳ȥ
ʱҶǵӰˡ
һͷ޴ޣ״ƻȴֻֻ̣ţͬһվ
޶Ҷŭȴǰ
طģ
Ҷ˶Է˼΢΢ͷ·
䣬Ҷתұȥ
ʱͷͻȻһԾҶײ˹ȥ
ҶߣõΪҶˡ
ҶҲ˼ͣ˽Ųתͷޣһ̣һӰͻȻ˳С
Ӱɱ
Զͷֱӽ˿СһϢѪͻȻȫȪһ㣬ޱȡ
û
ҶЩ⣬ղһû̵֣ĶǶԷĵطȻԷȴû
Ҳˣ
ҶŽͷȥһΣͷˡתһԾֱʧ֮С
Ҷͣ˽Ųûȥ׷
ɨһܣҶҪ뿪
ͻȻ
أ
ͻȻһ㣡
ʲô
Ҷüͷܿ죬ҶɫʱˡǰԶƬͻȻȻţʮͷȻУ
ޣ
Ϊ׵ģǸղͷ˵ޣ
һĻҶƤһȺŹ
û˿ԥҶתһֱʧԶ
ӣ
ʱȻҪӵġȲ˵ĹǴ򲻹ܹ˵Ҳûκκôֻ˷ѡ
ȻЩȴǲûҪŹ˼һ·׷
һʱ䣬ԭɽͻȻ
Ҷܣ׷һ·ϣ֪̤ƽ˶֡
ڣȺͣҶҲͣ
ҶǰһƬԼɣ߿ͷ
ҶȺޡʱȺ

ҶһȺޣȻֿһǰĺӡ
⣡
Ӿ⣡
ҶҲӣ͵ȺȴҲߣԶҶ
ʱŮͻȻҶԡ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ŮСԴôˣ
ŮתͷһҶɫЩǺָָָܿԶӣϢϢ
ϢϢ
Ҷ˵ϢϢ
Ů˵ͷҪȥ
ҶΣգ
ֱΣա
ŮתͷҶûµġ
ҶһŮѾͷôоЩˣ
Ůգգۣ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ͷҪ˵ʱŮͻȻҪȥأ
Ҷԥ£Ȼãȥ
ŮһҶã
ҶסŮ֣ʱŮȴͻȻ˻ȥҶתͷŮʱŮסֱۣ߰ɣ
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ůе֣
ҶŮʧǺϡ
һĻ׷ɱҶһȺ޷׷תȥ
ˮС
ҶŮ½Χûʲô
ǣҶûииʱ̽䱸š
ţʱŮͻȻ
ҶתͷŮŮ΢΢һЦΣյģ
ҶĬһϢȻŮҸо㲻һأ
𣿡
Ů΢΢һЦĲһأ
Ҷûǰڵ㣬ţ
ŮЦˣǻ˵أ
ҶһŮҲ˺㣡
Ů΢΢ͷҲ˺㣡
Ҳ˺㣡
Ҷɫ仰õ֪ǰŮѾǸŮˡ
ҶֻʱŮͻȻץסȭͷЦģµġ
ܿ죬ٶ½ӿ졣
ˮ׺Ҷ֣Ҫ̫̫࣬е󺣣ޱ޼ʣ
棬ʲô
ҶУɻ֮ɫ
񱻰׷ɱ𣿡ʱŮͻȻʡ
ҶһŮȻô
Ů΢΢һЦڱ£˵
ҶĬ
ԼһʱҶ֣ΧˮͻȻ
Ҷָһ㣬һĨֶ
Ȼ̵ˮֺ
һ̣ҶɫҪʥʱŮȴֹã
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Ů΢΢һЦˣɾΣˡЩˣ⽣Ǻ֮ǡҲңȻڸУǾˣ
ҶҪ˵ʱŮһӣɲǼ䣬ΧЩ̵ˮȫȥһˣ
ŮָָԶˣ
Ҷ˳ŮָȥԶһ쳣ĹǰſһֻȻ
ֻȻҶ
öϵֻޡ
壬


1966 
ǹϷϽɫ֣

ҶתͷԵŮģ
Ů΢΢һЦ粻Ѿµ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷֻû롣
ŮЦ߰ɣȥһЩˣ
䣬ŮҶֱ۳ȥʱԶſڵϵĵͻȻ۾
˫Ѫ죬Ѫޱȣ
Ҷͣ˽Ų
ѹȸУ
һɿֲѹȸУ
˿̣ҶоԼؿҪըѿָоͺʮɽѹһ㣡
޷
ԵŮȴһҲûУ
ʱŮһӣǹѹȸжʱʧԶǵ㶣ת˲У˷ܣ
ǵŮǰ˿̣ͱࡣ乧ſŮĽ¡
Ůǰĵдһ˿ӣҽ̧˲Դһþòˣ
ǵͷ͵ĸˣ
һĻҶޱȵľʵǣǳġǿߣȻŮ˵ĹŮʲôݣ
ʱŮתͷҶҪ֪ǵõǿߣڱһ￴һۺûʲôء
ҶһǵȻŮȻѾָҲҵͬ壬Ҿ͸ˣ
˵꣬Ҷתߡ
ʱŮȴͻȻǰֵĺףʹûоŮôǰġ
Ů΢΢һЦ𼱣ŸȥʶһЩңһЩ飬һһء
˵ţҶֱ۾ǰߡ
ǵ
ҶŮ߽ǰʱһͻȻӭ˳
ߵŮǰȻϥ˵ϣھˣ
Ů˫ۻã֪ͨˣһڣϵ

߻һӣɲǼ䣬׹һܿ죬Щ׹ȫûǰĿռ֮С
ʱŮֵǾŸһأ
߹ʥΪԼϢȫѾչطӡԼҪū𣿡
Ů΢΢ҡͷʱã
߹һȻ˵һߡȴһҶ
ҶʱҲڿߣ
ɲ⣡
ǰ߸Ҷĸо
Щǿ߰
ߣǽȥ
ʱŮҶֱ߽˴Сڣޱȡ
󣬰߹ĸš
ʲôҶʡ
Ů΢΢һЦӦ壡
Ҷ˵ͷ
ŮǸ֪Ķ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷǧ˵ġô
ŮЦһƬ棬ֻһǾ塣壬ҲƬͳߡǣƬ壬壬ħ塭
ȻأҶʡ
ŮЦݽ䣬ͬһƬ棬ȻҪսġ
ȻˣҶʡ
ŮЦҲ
һҶ壬֣Σ֮Իܡ
˵⣬ͻȻͣ
ҶҲûʡ
ʱŮɫָƽ׷ɱ׷ɱ壬Ҫ𡣿˵йͬĿģ
˵ʲôҶʡ
Ů΢΢һЦԵİߣףսȡ
߿һҶȻתȥ
ĹҶͻȻʡ

ŮЦЦͻ֪ˣ
ʱֻص˵ǰڰǰһɢŽɫıףһԳɫĻۡϣŸġ
ףսۣ
ŮЦУǰֻս񽫲ӵС꣬սսڣ֮Ȼ󣬹ˣ
һԣֿ߲һҶǣû˵ʲô
档
ޱȺġ
ս񽫣
ĸ֮УǷǳеλġ˵ֻ峤𡣲ˣսšսţǿŷɥģ
кܺҶ
Ϊ֪Լ˲ûӵˡȻ˿أʣǰӱв֮
ʱŮֵǱǽǣʥ£֣
ĬãҶҡҡͷ
ܾ
һĻǰеɻˡ
ŮֱҶΪΣ
ҶָָԼģɣҵɵġҵɣҵĽɵġҵĽɵģҾͿĳҴӦ㣬Ҿ£ҵĽͻĽҶ᳼ˣҵĽᣡ
ͻȻ
߿Ҷʱ۾һ˿͡
ʱŮߵҶǰҷҪҵĽأ
ҶֱŮҵĽԸϣҲ䣡
Ͻ
ҶŮҪֵĻ޷ʲôǵǰߣʵ˦ʮ֡ǣ
ŮҶãȻ֪ܣҲ֪
в
ٴв
ʱҶͻȻḧһŮաһĻǰ˲ǣûеõŮָʾˣʲôҲûֻ俴Ҷ
ŮҲҶûֹ
Ҷջ֣Ȼ峤һʧʧҲῴ塣
Ůû˵
ҶٴŮСԴ˭ҽ㵱ãԺԺǻҸ磬ҲͬὫ㵱á
䣬Ҷתȥ
߿ŮŮûж
ܿ죬ҶѾ뿪ǣǰȴͷ
͵Ҷǰ
Ҷͣ½ŲֽеĽȻ֪ԼǰͷĶ֡ǣҶɲ־ܡ
Ҷкż
ʱڵŮͻȻ˻ӡͷһҶȻ˵һԡ
ҶתͷŮŮȴתϷȥ
Ҷû˵ʲôתʧԶ
ˣ֪ǵ٣ʱѵ
Ů΢΢ҡͷᱩ¶ǵġ
ԥ£Ȼˡūԣˣࡣ
Ůһ۰ߣ֪һ಻̫һ
߻˵ʲôŮȴҡҡͷԡѾõϢʦѾѣȥһ¡
ԣɫһϲæȥ
УֻʣŮһˡ
ãŮ˫ۻ֮ڽ磡


1967 ˣ
Ҷճ棬ͻȻµĺӾȻһһʧ
һᣬѾʧӰ٣ȡ֮һƬƽء
ԭأҶĬãȻתȥ
壡
Լ鷳Ѿˣʵǲھ֮ȥҲû
һΣҶٶȼӿˡûǣǱӿֻܳһµġ뾡ȥڣȡʮɱȻȥﰢˣ
ããɽ޾Ҷڼٸһû߳ȥ
գҶ
ʵǲɽ˷ʱˡ
ˣ
ɽ֮УͻȻһת˲һһ
һ·ϣҶɫ䱸һûΣա
ܿ죬ͣ
ΪԶȺɽ֮Уһųǡ
ǣ
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ĭһᣬһһ⳯Ǽȥ
һᣬҶͣʱѾڹų⡣
ҶɨһܣܣȺɽΧơųǣһƵĴɽΧš
ǲӳǲࡣ
Žգ
ԭأҶĬƬ̣Ȼ΢΢һһӰǱųС
кҶüͷʱ
Уһˣ
ճǣ
Ҷɨһܣǰܿ죬˳Уǳ룬һ޴ʯ

ҶãȻתҪȥ
ʱͻȻ
Ҷͣ½Ųת
ܿ죬һ˳
壡
ĿҶϣû˵
Ҷһ۶ԷȻתҪȥʱͻȻڣߣ
ߣ
Ҷͣ½ŲȻ˵ͷֻ·˵أ
߿ҶãȻ򣬽ͨû뵽һλޣ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣҲǰʲô˼
΢΢һЦ֪˵Ϊǿճǣ
Ҷҡҡͷ
Ϊˣ
ߵǵˣڵǳսУȫˡ
Ҷûнӻ
ʱֵСѣһУ
ˣ
Ҷɫƽ֪϶顣ĬϢҶ֪Ǻ¡
Ҷûһھܾ϶ʱ¶һĨЦݣֻЦЩɭ
һĻҶ˲
ʱЦûʲôݽСһáϷܹشֻܽ걮꣬Сǿ󣬸պÿϷ꣬ԣСѲĻϷСһã
ᣡ
ҶɫЩŹ֣û뵽ǰͷȻҪ
СѲܾɣͻȻ
Ҷ룬Ȼǰһˣң˵Ѱ·ҪȥȻ󻻸ˣ
ҶԼһ̾õĺˣ
Ѱ·
Цò˵ʵܲǣϷ˵ϡ
Ҷû취ܾˣ
˵أЦ
Ҷǰһ²⡣ǰǿֻʣأǰ֪ʲôԭõҪģ
߿һҶȻղϷһСţǵˣǴսģϷɱģ
ΪΣҶ⡣
΢΢һЦΪһǿı
䣬仺Ҷղ֮ϻΪϷոѣûг걮ֿʱӣϷܻû취ڣٺ١
һԣҶûӣ˫ۻһ˵ӡ
ͻȻһڹ⳯Ҷȥ
˲ûҶü䣡
ʱҶ۾
ڡ
겢ûнҶʶֱӱڡ
ڽһֱ̣Ӵסˡ
ǣ߿ܣЩãȻ
ֱɱˣ
ʱҶͻȻڳ
һ̣һɿֱֲӳѹȥ
뵽ʲô˫Բǵ
䣬һӣһâֶɲǼ䣬һѪɫӳ˿Сһ˲䣬ɲǼѪһƬ类ѪȾһ㣬ޱȣ
ʱͻȻϿգ˫ֽһӡת˲ǸѪɫͻȻҲͬʱһӰֶ
ٶȷͻ֣ᷢЩӰȫ壡
һԹ壡
ʮ
һʱ䣬ڵֱӱЩ帲ǡ
УΣƵ磡
䣡
ƬЩĳ£Ѿ
·ԣСգգۣЩС¡
棬Ҷüͷû뵽߾Ȼô
ܶס
ʱһýɫСͻȻǿС
ֽɫСУ˷֮ɫȻļɵ

ʱͻȻŭ֮Уһ˿
ɲǼ䣬ڹ⳯ɫСӿȥ
ԶǽɫСͻȻܿ졪
䣡
һâе
͡
һ˲䣬ƬؼЩӰ˲ʧӰ١
һĻǻסˡʱɫСͻȻ˻ߵͷߴ󾪣æһԵҶСѣϷԣϷԸ⡭
䣡
ʱǺ֮Уһâе¡
һ˲䣡
䣡
ǻֱӻޣ
ɱ֮ǽɫСС׵ǰ˲С׵СԴȻһʧ˳С
УҶ
һ̫ˣҡҡͷ
Ҷ˵ͷĿǿеǸѪɫϣʲô
䣬һУǸѪɫӶʱС
һ˲䣬һɴ̱ǵѪζ
ԥ£ҶɫһɨһɨҶһӣԳɿռ䣬У壬ٰ֮࣡
֮࣡
ңÿһ嶼ѹ߸ƴһ
Ҫôǿ壬ٵǰ
Ҷ鿴һ£֣Щ壬ǶѾȻǱⷽˡ
飬޷ˣ
ҶĬ
ȻҲɱ飬ǣҲǷġǰߣȷʵݣ
ôʱͻȻ
ҶЦЦȻš
ⶫǿˡǱƵĺ˱壡ܹú֣Ѿ˵һˣ
ƣ
Ҷڣֶһơؼʱ̣ܹ
û˷ʱ䣬Ҷ뿪˺ɨһܣҪ뿪ʱͻȻұߣһĴû뵽㣡


1968 
ЩϤ
Ҷ̧ͷȥһŮ
ţһϮȹ
ŮӣҶʶǵ½ʱɽĺȹŮӡ
аߣ
ȹŮӵһ磬󣬾ҲûмȹŮӣû뵽ȻȹŮӡ
ʱǺȹŮѾߵǰ
仯ܴ󣡡ȹŮӵ
ҶһȹŮӣ㲻Ҳ𣿡
ôҶʡ
ȹŮӵѰһˣ
ѰˣҶʡ
ȹŮ΢΢ͷһҶȻû´ӦѾˣ
ߣ
Ҷ֪ȹŮ˵˭ˡ
ʱȹŮֵаĴӣа治ע⣬а͵˳ȻӵطҶ෬̽鵽
ҶĬû˵
ȹŮֵǶУ
ʲôҶȹŮӣãȻ
ȹŮӿҶҪ𣿡
Ҷ̯̯֣Ĳ֪˵Ķʲô
аڵģȹŮӵ
ҶҲ̫˵ʲô
ȹŮӿҶãȻ˵ͷͻȻһָ
ʱҶͻȻν
ת˲Ѿǧɡ
ԶҶһۺȹŮӣûʲôаΪУ
ȹŮӵǾͽ
Ҷ˫΢Уƾʲô
ȹŮû˵ͻȻʧԭأת˲ʮâֱӽҶû
ˣ
ʱһͻȻڳ쳹ת˲Щâֱӱ˺ѷ飬ȻһֻȴֱӡҶǰ
أ
Ҷһ˰ɿ⣡
һͣǺȹŮӱٴγǰȹŮӲûг֣ҽһ塣
䣡
һɺâϯɺֱӽҶسˡ
ʱͻȻһҶĲӰ
Ӱ鲼
ͣ
Ӱֵһ̣˿ռ˺ѵ
Ӱɱ
ȹŮӣҶɲҴ⣬λǻ˲֪Ϲ
ϢҶȹŮǧɣ
˴ӱܺã
ԶȹŮӴһҶû뵽ɳ̶ֳȣ
Ҷʼ磬Ҳû뵽ڳ֣ǽվͲݰɣǸʲôаΪУҲصŮΪСǣҶ޵ġ
ԶǺȹŮӿҶãȻУ鷳
ҶֱŮӣаڵɱңȻɱȻڣаҪҵսƷ˵ǲǾҺ۸˵棬ҶɫѾ
ȹŮ΢΢ҡͷû˵ʲôתȥ
ʧͻȻ˹ģ
棡
ҶЦЦȻתȥ
뿪ųǺҶٶٴμӿ죬ڣҪõʮɱȻȥˡȻ밢ദʱ䲻ǣˣҶѣ
ããɽһԾУڼ䣬ҶܵǿϢҲһЩǿ޽֡ӮҲ䣬һЩ޵ǿ󣬼ֱõòߣ
ڣЩٶȲ죬׷
ʱҶͣ
ΪǰһͷɳĮ
ڳ˺ɽ
ҶתͷһǺɽȻһһ⳯ɳĮȥ
ӸϢֻҪɳĮͻᵽǸʲôڣˡ
ʱ·ɳĮ֮ͻȻһըţһӰֱװҶϡ
أ
ҶֱӱӰͣ
Ҷͣ󣬶ǵӰѾʧ
ʧ
ҶֻеĽͻȻұߵĿռͻȻ˿һӰе
Ҷٽһն
أ
ǵӰֱӱɿ⡣
˿̣ҶҲǵӰһͷȫЫӣͱͨ졣
˿̣ͷЫҶУɵ
ʱͷЫͻȻһԾҶ˹ȥ
Ҷ˽еĽ˫ۻ
ת˲
Ӱƾճ˳С
Ϣ
ҶصԭأǰһͷûԴĺЫ
գҶҪȥͻȻ뵽ʲôһУͷЫʬͻȻƮһöȭͷӡ
ڵ
ҶһǰӣʱһֻСצͻȻץסڵ
Сף
С׽ڵ˻ҶһЦ
ҶС׵СԴã㣡
ԣСЦݸˡ
ܿ죬öڵص˺ڡ
ҶɨһܣǰһûмýС
У̫󣬺鷳
һ·СϽ䣬Ҷûʲô鷳Ȼþ
ҹɫ֮ҶͻȻ˲Ծ
ΪµɳĮȻ䶯
ж
ҶûͣһʧԶ
ǧ⣬Ҷ̲סͷһۣһͷƤЩ顣
Ҷתӿٶȣ
ʱҶ߳ããɳĮ
ɳĮ֮һƬأֺ񱻴չĳأ
ҶɨһܣǰûãҶǰһƳǡ
ǳϿգ֣ǣ
ǣ
ڵˣ
ҶһǱǣžûκζ
Ҷԥ£һӰҪǱȥʱǴȴͻȻ˿ţһ޽ֱӳҶ
أ
һֱӽҶɿ⣡
Ҷ˿ԼЩֱۣȻ̧ͷȥǳſڴһ׵ӡ
ĿǰЩն
ܣ
ҶһǲƵĳǽǽϣһˡĬһ˲ҶֱӳǳǽϣҪǳУȻʱͻȻҶǰо޽ֱӺҶ¡
䣡
Ҷٴα˳⣡
һΣֱ۷飬ȫ飡
ǿ
Ҷ̧ͷӣӣǼǿߣңһǿߣԷʵǶŵĶҪǿ٣
ղԷԽʱʵֱָԷģǲ֪ΪΣԷȴܹڹؼʱԼʧҲûܹ
Ҳû׷ҶŴ
ĬƬ̣ҶͻȻͷһ̣˫еĽ͵ؾһ
һΣûʹüɣǵ
ӲӲ
̧־һ
䣡
һӰֱӷ˳ȥһɣٶɣ
ˣҶ
ԶҶĨĨǵѪ̧ͷӣӱĻҪǿడ
Ҫٴγ֣ʱ뵽ʲôͣȻóһöӡ

öӸı
ҲǱɱһ
Զӿöʱ㶣ܿ죬ߵҶǰȻϥأ
Ҷ


1969 ʮһ

Ҷ˿еıɫЩŹֻ֡ԣû뵽öӡá
ȻǺ£
ҶǰһϸһӺҶֻ֣һܡ
ûʶ
һλܣ
ĬƬ̣Ҷһӣյ˺ڡ
Ҷ߽˳С
ڣĿ꣬ˣڣ·𱻴չһ㡣
ս
ɨһܣڣš͸һϢ˼ΪĲ
ʮɱ
Ҷûͣųȥܿ죬ҶͣǰԶһˣѾֻʣء
мλã۵Ĵ֣ڣ
ڣ
ڵˣ
ҶɫһɣûԥһֱӽСһȥҶס
ʱһУڣʮˡЩ֮УŮ϶ûϢ
ʮ˵Ķ棬һֳֳߵ
ҶɨʮһۣȻȥʱһͻȻڳ𣺡Сʦѡˣ
Ҷͣ˽ŲתǰһλͷһλõӣӣӵĻûġ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻСʦ壿
ˣӵ
Ҷ΢΢ͷǣ
ӳĬϢȻεºܣ
εºܣ
ҶЦЦҲ֪СʦҵġȻҪҿԻ㡣
ӿҶãȻʮɱʵ˵ʮ׽ÿһ֮ұɱһ֮УҲֻзǸѹǡ
ʮ׽
Ҷµ˼ǣ
ӵʵ̫޷ѹʮ׽ǿȡǣֻᷴԼ
Ҷһ㲻ףɱһ֮ʱԷΪβȡʮ׽
Ϊʮ׽ڷǰ˼ӵûұұǱ˼٣Ȼ˭ҲҲǵڣ

Ҷ˿ԼеıȻӣҪȡʮ׽
ʵֱ̫ͣԲ䡣
Ҷ£ţ
ӳĬãȻ󻺻ƮҶǰʮɱڡ
˵⣬ͻ
ɫͻȻһֱ̣ʧͬʱһֱӵҶü䡣
У
ҶüǱͨ尵죬ϸֻвһָȴһĽҪ֮
Ҷü䣬ȴûдȥΪ
ѹõĽٻͬʱҲѹס
һҶʮɣȻæȥ˽
У֮ɫ
Ҷѹǽ̺̫֮ǿѹпܱɣ
Ҷ̧ͷȥѲڣȡ֮һ
ʮ׽֮һɣҶ
û˵ǱͻȻҶǰֱҶš

ʹõľȻһֽ
Ȼ֪¸ָҶµľǽˡһһֱӴ̳

Ǳֱӱ˳ȥ
ܿ죬ǱͣͻȻʼɲǼ䣬ܣ˽ٵһ̣ٽ뷢˲Ҷǰ
Ҷ˫΢Уǰ̤һܣҲ˰ٵһ̣ٵ
䡭
ڣݺᡣЩ䵽ܵǽϣʱǽһĽۣܿ죬Щ۾ȫʧˡ
Ϣ󣬳еĽѾȫʧ
һһңңԣ
ҶŤŤӣ
䣬ֱʧԭءԶǱͻȻһת˲
ܿ죬һɫĽҶܲϼ֮ǿռ֮һİ콣ۡ
ܿ죬Ҷ֣Լе齣ԾȻڽʧ
ʴ
ǰȻܹʴ齣
Ҷæ齣Ȼ󻻳ʥҶҲûīֱʩչӰɱ
ݣ
һӰ鲼С
Ӱ֮УҶ˫ŽǱɫĽһͿǱʱڽڰˡ
һӺҶͣ
ǰԶǱš
ҶҪ֣ͻȻǱһ£ܿ죬ԣֳһͨԼָȫ£һ͸⡣
δԣֳһ
һϢʱ䣬Ҷǰʮһ
ǱɫΪף
Ҷ֣ÿһɢżϢ
ʮ׽ʮһ
Ҷֽ˽еĽô

ʱһڳ
ҶĿΪ׵İɫϣҪ췴
췴
֮Уҵȱ֮ȴϲǿռڴ˵أ࣬ȻҵȾѪ
׽
ҶЦЦһ棬ΪҪأ
ǵ飡
ǽǲ
ү
ҶͻȻŭ𣬡һѽŸʲôս
䣬Ҷһӣʥ
ǱɫͻȻɱ
һ˲䣬ʮһ
ҶЩˣô嶯ˡǲܽģӦҪԵ·ˣ
֮ԺڣΪԶԶ͹ʮһˡʮһһֱ֣ӽҶѹơ
ǳ˿̵Ҷֻܱ
ȫѹƣûл֮
䣡
ʱһɽҶϯܿ죬Ҷȫ£һ㱡Ľ⣡
࣡
ʱҶò࣡
Ȼ֣ʹ࣬ûáЩÿһܹƿĽࡣܿ죬ҶѾǱ

Ҷ˿ĲֱӼ˽
ֺʮһʱǺܿ죬ʮһʼ
Ҫ
һĻҶƤһæȥȻҾãǲܽģͨǽΨһ;Ǿأ

Ǳŭ

Ҷó˱һ۱ȻֿǱ֣ʮһȻˡ
ɵ
ҶܹоʮһǼɵ
룬ҶҪʲô
ǣǽȻ֮Ѫ
ԭأҶĬһ£ȻҾãͨǳǻñɣ
˵ţҶʮһ棬Լǰܿ죬һӿ˲佫Ǳ˽ȥ
ҶֱʮһһǸҽȥ𣿡
кβң
Ǳ£ʮһֱӻһûҶǰ


1970 壡
ͨ

Ʋ
ʮһҶڣ׼ȷ˵Ǻڡ
ڡ
ʮһ鸡С
·С׿ʮһ۾գѽգú棡
СԵĺɫЩأΪʮһĲˡ
ʱҶҲ˺С
ҶɨһʣȻʮһ˿̣ʮһڿУûκζȻ䷢طе㲻Ծ
һᣬɫĽͻȻأ

ҶЦЦȻһ̯СҶǱɫĽ΢΢һЦ⣬ã
ݡ
ʮһڳһգۼѾҶǰ
䣡
ʱһڳһʮһʱԭλã
ʲôΪ׵İɫʡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ£
*Ĭһ˲ͻȻʮһתܿ죬һ𣬾ҪƬ硣
ˣ
ʱͻȻһֵţһϸСĽɫСʡ

գʮһܵĪвȫ£һ𣬽ֱָǺ
е˼
ԶҶЦһ㱦󣬻ġʮһȴǣżƣȻǻһս
ҲʮһôҲǱ֮һ
УǺܵʮһս⡣
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ܿ죬һɲǼ䣬ǵسʮһȥ
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͡
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һ޴Ľɫ˿У
ܿ죬ɫͻȻ¡
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ʮһֱӱѹ˵֮ϣҲ޷
ԶС۾ĴģȻû뵽Աô
ŲԶҶǺı𣿡
ʱǺͻȻָʱʮһ֮ϣһ⣬ÿһÿһЩĲ£ʮһβ޼£
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Ҷ
ʮһƿزˣʱͻȻ
Ҷ΢΢ͷҲˡڵʵ޷ƿʮһ
ǿƿأֻ
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ҶһʮһȻɣȹԹԴʵǿһЩȡ
΢΢ͷȷʵֻ
ҶһʣǺѾӰ
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ǰɫղ﾿ǺΪܹѹҵǣ
ѹǣҶüͷʲô˼
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ҶЦЦЩºˡ
뵽ʲôҶʣΪβԼȥҪڴ˵أ
ɻĵطʮԼȥȴûУƫƫغ

һΣǱûлش𣬳ĬԶԣ
ҶĬһᣬȻʣһΪף
ǽħǽ
ħ
Ҷüͷħ
𣿡ǽʡ
ôħҶ
ǽĬãȻ˵Ϊرǽ޵ꡣˣɽǣ
ɽ޵꣡
ҶԶԣ⽣е˼
ҪβſϷҵȣʱǽͻȻʡ
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ȥ
ҶЦܼ򵥣ǸңͿԳȥˣ
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УҶĿǰϡǰλӦþαɱһķˡ
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һֲõĸо
ҶͣҪҪأһᣬҶ˽Ų
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ýޣѵһɣҪǴȥЦ
ߣУŽ֮Ƶʥ
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ҶŲӿ죬Խ£ԽԽڡ͸һɴ̹ǵ䣡
֪˶ãҶͻȻͣ
Ϊֻصԭλ
ȥߵԭλã
ԭأҶĬãȻߡȻ֮ǰһ㣬ٴ߻ԭλ
һᣬҶߣһΣó˽
֮£ҶܵĳͻȻˡǰһõĹĻЩĻ͸ġ
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ҶüͷһᣬһնȻǰĹĻ˿
Ҷһó˽ףʱ뵽ʲôȻһöС
öֺ󣬳еĳͻȻܿ죬ҶܵЩĻʧˡ
лָ
Ҷ˱ߡܿ죬Ҷͣ
ˣ
ҶǰԶһһͨڵĽڣǽȴѪ죡һ㣬ǾĽϣȱڣ
֮⣬⽣ϣĸϸСĽ
Ҷɨһܣ˿ŷ֣ܵǽϣĺɫġͬʱķ
ҶĿмǱڽϣܵ󰡣
ҶǰȥǱ໹ɵľʱҶͣ
һΣҶˡ
һĽϣϸСĺ֣

Ҷ΢΢Ȼԣ̸̸𣿡
ǱûлӦ
Ҷתȥ
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תתĺԥ
߰ӱ߰һѣнףĸã
Ӳ
ҶҪʧſʱʱһͻȻڳ𣺡Ҽ㣡
ң
Ҷͣ˽ŲתǱڿЦ
㣡
ǽֵ
Ҷ


1971 ˣ
Լ
ҶߵǱǰϸ𣿡
ǱĬ
˲֪ãǽֵԭˣ
ôҶʡ
ǽ˲Ȼ֪Լ˭𣿡
Լ˭
ҶЦЦҲ̫˵ʲô˵˵ʶңҿӦǲмѻʲôеġԣΪҽ󣿡
壡
ǽȥǹȥڡ˵ȥ£˵ûκ壬𣿡
ҶһǽȻĲһ˵Ѿħҿѣ
ħ
ǽЦԼγֲѾħ
Ҷüͷʲô˼
ǽ˳ӦߣΪħ
ҶĬˡ
ν˳Ӧģ룬ôʵ뷨ˣαǣȴԷ
ʱǽͻȻλʥ˵֮Աơǣˣʵ֮ԱƣҲԱ񡣺νƣνĸûжƶ񱾹档㣬ʱ񣬵ʱҲƣ𣿡
ƶ񹲴棡
ҶĬãȻҡҡͷЩûʲôȤֻۡһ䣬ȥ
ǽĬ
ҶҲżվһԵš
ãʲô
ԣҶ΢ƣ⽣¡
ҶҪ˵ʱǶֵҳ㣬룬Ӧûôɡǿ㣬ڵ㣬ԶԶû㣬ҵǸԸ׷棬ҡ
˵⣬ͻȻͣ
ңҶüͷܲ˵һ㣿
ǽֳĬˡ
ðɣ
Ҷǲ˵Щ˵˵ҵɡҲҪ㳼ңҲҪΪֻһҪÿʹΡ֮꣬󣬻ɣ
꣡
˵ʵѾȫˡ
ǱĬã˲Ҫξң
Ӧˣ
Ҷ΢ƣҪ˵ʱǶֵסҵģǽϵЩġȥЩģԿ
ҶɨһܣȻ𣿡
ĴˣǶͻȻ
ˣ
ҶЦЦǣֻǻԵɺϣ˵ΪҪס㣿ˣ
֪һΪλҰܣͻȻ
ΪΣҶʡ
Ϊʮ
ʲô˼Ҷ
Ϊǹؼʱ߱
Ҷ
ʮһ׽һĻΪǿӲʹаǼ׽ñǣ飬ЩĽͻ飡
⣬ҶˡԭЩҪԭ
ʱֵɣһ鲻Ҫɣǵɣǿūǣ룬λԸʹһ˴սʱؼʱ̣ͻȻ߱ȻܵһͿأ
߱
ҶһԭһȻ߱ҲɱһķûЩֽ֣Ҳ
бȻ׾ƵЩġֻǣҪҳڵǳƺֵ
ҶҾ㣬ɱң
£ﷴʡ
Ҷû˵ó˱ɲǼ䣬ΧǽϵЩĶʱܿ죬ЩĽʧ
ʱǶͻȻ
Ҷһξ롣
䣡
ǲסЩͻȻȻѡ
ڻָˣ
ʱǶͻȻڳ
һԣҶš
һᣬǶͻȻƮҶǰսң
ҶûԥֱסǶĽ
סһ̣Ҷ˫۶ȻԲоԼʲôԼٶţ
ʱǶͻȻҶ֡
˿̣ҶɫѾ԰ף
ô£Ҷʡ
ǣҵǣ˵ĻǣҲս֮˵ĻǡսңĻǻԼٶʧһӣͻΪһûˣ
ǣ
ҶĬƬ̣ȻԼ޷ƣ
ܣ
ղţѾƣ򣬴˿̵㣬ѾһˡڵҵĿƣһֻһΣһ֮󣬱ꡣ
һһΣ
Ҷ㣬Σ
£߼
£
Ҷͫ΢⽣᲻ֲ̫Щ
ԥ£Ҷһǽ׳ҶС
⡭
ͻȻǽף
ϵãҶдһЩ졣
Ǹʱ֮Уǳֲ֮һҲн֮ơȻҲŵ֡
һأҶʡ
Ժл֪ˡ˵⣬˶٣ֵ˽ΪλУ
żȻãҶ
ĬãȻ˽Ѿ˯
֪Ҷ
꣬Իȥ
䣬ֱӻһڹûҶü䡣Ҷü䴦ͻȻһϸСĺڽ
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С£ָܻ
ꡭ
ҶЦЦЩ˵꣬ԣӦ˵ʮӦöǵָ飡
ԭأҶһʮڵˣ
ϧǣʱã
ҡҡͷҶתʧԭء
Ҷ뿪ǱڣҪǣʱǳԶͻȻһӡ
ӴԼʮ߰ˣüĿһϮۣӢ
УһŽʵĽ
Ҷʱüͷ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ӿһ۱ǣȻ˵죬ڣڵʮû´ʮӦˣɶԣ
ҶüͷǱҵģ
Цңһ
˵⣬ЦЦ˼ҹȻ˵ûһˣô˳Ҳã˳ֽһɱһ
䣬ӻҶȥ
ԭأҶ˵Ǹʲô㵽ʮҵУ
Цô⣿˼ңλصľʦ֮⣬һ棬˿ǡ
ʱҶͻȻ˰֣ӵĻһһ
ô𣿡Ц
ҶЦЦһ̣ͻȻü䣬ܿ죬һɫĽ˳
һ̡
һɫڳһ
ԶɫȻ䣬һ̣ͻȻڱһ˲䣬⸲ʣ
Ϣ
лָƽ
˿̣ҶѾӵ
գҶǷô㣬ôû㵽³أҲô
䡣
һ˫Ŀ֮Уκɫʡ
ɱһ·
ʱһͻȻҶ


1972 Ǹɣ
ԭأҶ˫΢Уûô򵥰
ת
Ҷǰûκˡ
ÿˣұڴ˵ءͻȻ
ǣҶʡ
²һʧ˵
ҶЦЦӦþǸղǸɱһʲôɣ
ɱ㣬ϣƣءҲһ
ǣҶʡ
Ժ֪Ȱһ䣬ҪСһϼһﲢû˵Ľֻ֣ǣ㽻ֵһˣ˰ˣ
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
㿴˵ģ
Ҷתͷ˵֮УһССġɡ֡
ԣ
ֵԣȥ㽻ʱУֱӼԣڵ㣬Ѿһʬˡϧ㲻ΣʹСȻ˭Ҳû뵽ܹεʵֱɱһλǿߣ
ҶЦЦʵҲû뵽Լܹһɱһλǿߡ
ӳʱǶǽ֣ʱҲֻ˶ԷûܹɱԷһΣһɱ˶ԷȻҪΪԵʣ
ȻԼʵԶԶģ
ԺлʱͻȻ
Ҷǰһϣ
Ǻǣ
ЦЦСӣȷʵһźӡǣڵ㣬飬˵һ㣬㻹롣Ȼţܿˡϣܹڼ棡
Ҷû˵ˣΪ˵Ѿûڹעߣ
ԭأҶҡҡͷȻתȥ
ȻôŽᣬû̫ĹϵԼ鶼ûãʵûȤȥܱҵ顣
׷ɱɻδ
ҡҡͷҶջ˼Ȼһʧԭء
ӳǣ
Ҷ뿪˱ǣһ·ȻھɳĮʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬Ȼͣ
ͷȥ
Ҷ֣ɳĮ֮УһӰȻһ߼Ӷȥ
ǸӳǱߵķ
ô£
Ҷٶȼӿ죬ܿ죬˺ɽ˿̣Ǻɽ֮УʱǿϢȻӳǱߵķ򼲱ȥ
ԭأҶɫҪˣ
ҶҪӿٶȣʱҶͻȻתͷɳĮ֮ͻȻһˡ
ˣ
Ҷȥ⣬һԼٶȳ
Լǧˣ
ЩǸʲôҶüͷĸˡ
ϢҶһʧԭء
ϻӳǣ
Ҷٶȼӿ죬ʣ⼲۶һЩǿޣܿ죬ֱӳҶ˹
һͷ;޴ȻʨͷޱȵĴɳеľצӣһֻצ㾹Ȼ
ͷϮҶһĨ⣬̧־һ
ʣһҶӰ
ͻȻ
ӰʧҶѾ
ͷԭأϢͻȻըѿһƬ
ὣɱ
Ϊ˲˷ʱ䣬Ҷֱʩչὣɱ

һǿ
ɽ·һ̧ͷʣ
ǧˡ
ߣ
ԣһͻȻҶЩߣûһ򵥵ġҪСף
΢΢ͷүүѾʧˣ
תͷԶȻǲмٵġҵĴˡҲã˵ôãҲǸóȥʱˣ
ô𣿡ӵ
΢΢һЦǿɲǺãɾ츳ǵ棬ȡ֮꣬ͿԴﵽ

ӻ˵ʲôȴҡҡͷ߰ɣȥˣɽͱ˹Ϸָɾˣ
䣬һӣ˶ʱǰУ

ҶûȻӳǣ˺ɽǱ޽ǰ
Ȼ˿̣Ǳ޽Ѿһм
ô£
Ҷüͷһﲻ˵ԼԳһµôھ͹ˣ
ҶҪ뿪ʱǶʯм֮УͻȻƮһӰ
ӣʱӣǳ͸оʱҪʧһ㣡
ôˣҶʡ
ӿЦЦһﺦģôˣ
ң
Ҷ⣬ʲô˼
ӵүһһڵ㡣СӣȱűһߵʲôˣԵǸ
ʱһϸëĺâڳһ
ͣ
ֱʧ
ԭأҶͫ΢΢һתʲôҲûУ
ԼԵǸ
жԼҶɻ
ҶɨһܣܣһʲôҲûСǣһʲôΪղӲƽ޹ʵʧ
ܿ죬Ҷ뵽һ
а
ʥѹǱа峤Ҳ˵ǱаҶû뵽ԷȻ
겻ɢ
ĬãҶôã
ܣûκλӦ
ҶЦЦĲ
ûлӦ
Ҷʼ磬
䣬ҶһʧʡʣҶС˫΢գڣܹʲôڸ𣿡
ĬãȻһźâ
֪ʲôҶʡ
а
ĹҶʡ
ĬƬ̣Ȼ򲻹
ԣҶɫ˲ʲô֪ǣǷǳǳߵġȻȻϴ򲻹
ʱǶֵ뽣ͬһױ𡣼ʹĽ׵ĽѣҲ޷ѹû´Ϊ
ԼΪ
Ҷ㶣ȻôоŪأ
аΪаȻаȻҲڼɵǱԣûиǿȻѾ׶༪ˣ
ԣҶ˫΢У֪б£ɴδԶ˵
оõڣжҸоΣգǳΣգаﻹΣգ
аﻹΣգ
ʱֵῴ㣿
ҶεҲ֪ġ
ڵȣһᣬ֮ԼСİɣͻȻ
ҶЦЦȻֻСĵˣ
ɨһܣҶͣһʧԭء

ӳǡ
˿̵ӳϷһ޴ĹĻĻӳǡǽϣǰˡ
˿̣ˣ֮ɫ
Ϊӳǳܣޡ޳ȺӵΧסӳǡ
ϴô죿ԣش˹ʡ
ɨһܣô죿Ǹɣ


1973 ӣ
ɣ
ʵе
شԥ£ȻϴҾãӦӣ
ӣ
΢΢ҡͷǴһ˿ɬӣûӵĵط⣬ȫޡ⣬֮ϣͲһ٣
ûеطӣ
شȻҲ֪㣬ɫͳˮ
ЩΪȫǺɽ˳һԣʡ
ҡҡͷھȥûв鵽ҵõϢǣǶţɽǱ߶ѾΧ
Ҫ˰ھ
䡭
ʱ·޿ʼȺӵĹǡЩ޹ǣֱӣķʽӲײ
һʱ䣬ӳǿʼҲͬʱӳǵĹĻʼơԽԽ࣬Ȼ޷֧Ŷã
ǽϣ˫ۻõ׼óȥ
ӣ
ȻҪӵģǰЩ̫࣬ɱ԰˵һһ
˵˵ͷڶ˵ֻˣ
תͷһԵ飬ˣ
΢΢ͷָһʮâһȫû˳ÿ˵ü䡣
ֵǵԣס˭ӳȥصǧ󣬼ǵñλֵܵԣܰ쵽ľͰ죬첻ģǾͱˡͺã
˵˵ͷڳеˣ⣬棬˭ûиǣң
ܿ죬ǽϵĹĻѺԽԽԽԽڡ
䣡
ӳǵĹĻͻȻըѿƬ׹¡û˹Ļıӳܵĳǽ˲
޳Ű˳˹ȥ
Уһóһϣܹ̫
䣬ȳ˳ȥ
شˡ
Ȼܿ죬˾ֱӱ޴ûˡ
ȻûбֱɱǣȴҲˡϾ̫ˣҶ
ȺУ˿̵İˣѾˡ
أ
شһһʱԷ˻һͣһͷޱֱӳײ˹
أ
شٴε˳ȥʱͷ޳ײ˹ȥһΣ޿ɶ㡣
䣡
ͻȻͷֱӷ˳ȥشǰһסش
شЦЦ㣬һ٣Ƕ岻ȥˣ
˫ۻһǴȥģ
䣬ɨһܣʱѾ˵¡һͷֱӽ˵ʬ˽ȥһĻ˫˲Ѫ͵سͷ˹ȥ
أ
ͷ޵Դ˲ը˿һѪ
ɨһܣҸҼס
أ
ʱֱӷ˳ȥԭλãվһͷȫͨ죬״ʨޡͷǳʮ֮ߣȫɢŻ棡
ͷҽ͵һ壬ֱһȭԶİ
ԶһĨ͵سͷ˹ȥ
أ
ը𣬰ֱӱɣһɣɡһͣͱΧ޸Χ
ϴ󣡡
ԶһŭͻȻ𣬽ţ˳Ⱥ޳˹ȥ
䣡
ΧסһȺֱӱɳȥ˵ǰ
û
һĻʱȻҲˣ
ܿ죬尤һԲȦΧм䡣
Χ޾ޡ
Ⱥ꣬ЦЦλǽǵˣ

һԣشͻȻЦɶ˵ܹôֵһҲǼ飡
˽ǵͷ
棬иԵңԵֻ£ǹĶǵġûС
Ⱥ֮У΢΢һЦãͬͬͬǾͬͬɣɱ
䣬˾Ҫ塣
ˣ
ʱһͻȻңԶת˲һʼ˵ǰ
ͣ
ǵ䴦ܵЩֱӱһгƬ
ɢȥһӳǰ
ֳϣôٵأЦ
Ҷ
Ҷ
Ҷ˽ЦˡҶԲģǣˡ
һоڲУ
ߵҶǰû˵ʲôֻҶļ򣬡ȻˣǾͶɱͷްɣ˹
һ
شͻȻߵҶǰҶһȭǶǱأû뵽һˡ
ҶЦЦȻɫλǸȫһȻɱȥ
˵ҶתȺޣδĴǧ棬Ⱥ˵ģô⣿ߣ
䣬Ҷҽ͵һ塣
ˣ
һȳ˳ȥ
ɱȥ
Ҷŭ𣬷׷׸Ҷ
ҶͷʣѹǷǳġΪͣһͣƾûˡûУ˵ǻԵĴ
ҶеĽѾɽס
ϼӣһ⼤ÿһЩϣЩ޶ˡ
ҶһȺ˳Զȥ
ҶǰǰΪףΪף飬ڿС
Ҳ飬ȻһЩֱӴӿгҶһײȥġЩޣȫ鵲˿Уûһͷ޿ײȥ
ܵѹ˵ǳҶ֮ģ
ʮˣȫǳšȻɻǼܲסΧЩ޵ܿ죬һһ˵ȥ
ǰҶʱ˫ѾеĽϻӶÿһλӶһſѪܵͷ­Ȼǰ棬ޣ·޾һ㡣
ЩˣѾʼ

ʱͻȻҶŭȫϸҪ
Ҷҽ͵һ壬һɿֲͻȻܡ

ֱӸס˷ԲǧڵĿռ䣬УشȫҶĽ֣ͬʱΧЩҲҶĽ֡
ͬʱʮͻȻܡ
ɱҶŭ
ݡ
ɲǼ䣬ݺᡣһڳ
ǧڣֻ⣡
ΧЩ޷׷׳ˣҿ
Լ˽һӺ󣬳Щ⽥ʧеĳʱЩ޶ʱ׷ŭ
Ҷܣʬ壬ЩʬģңеѾƬ
𣡡
ʱȺ֮УͻȻһŭХת˲ΧЩ޶ʱҶΧ˹
޾ΧȺ޵룬ҶԵôС


1974 Ͳ
ްΧ
ȺѾû˿ϣôޣ˵ǣʮλǿ߿¶ȥ
𣿡
ʱҶ
˷׷׿Ҷ
ҶһһӳСҶɨһˣһ̣ңһɱȥ
䣬Ҷһ˿СУҶʣӿûеǸ֮Уܿ죬ǸӾҲ
Ҷ͵س·һӣӳɣ
ݡ
һ鳱ˮǸ֮ӿЩʶΪ֮УΧЩȥһʱ䣬ٴδ󰧺
һĻشٴȼϣ֮ɫ
ɱشͻȻŭ
ɱ
еʮŭ
ҶĴ£һȺ֮д
ǰҶӣԣǰ
ȥɽͻȻ
ɽ
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Ҷ˵ͷã˵ţһ۰û°ɣ
ʱİɫ԰ףȫ»Ѫ
΢΢ҡͷСˡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ˵ʲôתеӡĻӶ£ԽԽ˳УЩɱ⣬ڳкЩ˹ȥ
ЩޣЩ廹ԵЩرһЩǿޣֱһƾܹһƬ塣ЩĳõҶɲ١
һ·ϣ
ȻΧЩ޲ûзǵ˼һ·׷ᡣ
һʱܵԽԽ٣ǣЩȴûô٣ԽԽࡣ
֧ˣҲԽԽ١ڣֻвʮˣ
һŽ䣡
ǰ棬ҶеӣɫͳˮΪȥǵɽʱѾûˣ
ʲô취Ҷԣʡ
취
ҶǷһĨɬããȺʲô취޵нżѾóȻ޷Щޡ
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ʱ
ҶɨһܣȻûбİ취ˣֻӲ
䣬Ҷ˵Ľã
࣡
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Լ߰ɣʱͻȻʵҪȥܴ󡣸һǳȥˣ
Ҷתͷ㣬˵⻰ҾͲˡҪһ˳ȥҾͲˡҶһ˲ңұزˡ
˵ţɨһ۳ˣգҪôһȥҪôһ
䣬Ҷת͵ؾһ
ͣ
һڳһҶǰԶļͷֱӱһֳ롣
𣡡
ʱҶǰͻȻ˿ţһͷ״ʨȫɢɫ޳Ҷ˼
ʨ
ҶԣȵõǿߡղӲһ£ܡ
ȵõǿߣ
Ҷ˽еĽһ̣һ̽еĽʱ֮Уܿ죬Ǳת
ʨҶԽԽ˿̣Ѿܵһѹ
Ҷ˫ۻ
ݣ
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ὣɱ
ּޣҶұҲܱΪͣһᣬ˵ǷǳġҪսپ
Զʨͣת˲ͻȻѿӣѪȪһ
ʨˣѪһء
Ȼ䲢ûбҶһɱ˿̵ͷʨѾˣսʣ޼
ҶûйͷʨǴ˼ϱ߳ȥ
𣡡
ʱ޵ĺ󷽣ͻȻһŭХɲǼ䣬ΧЩ޶ʱ׷׳Ҷ׷˹ȥ
ҶתͷǵŭХһۣããȺ룬һͷڿߡޣţͷޱȵĸߴ
ʱͷڿߡ
Ҷ֪ޣӦþȺ޵ͷˡܹɱͷޣΧЩޱضɾȻ뷨Ǻõģǣʵȴǲпģ
֮УǿΪͷܹȺʵ֪ߣҪɱԷͱ뵽Էǰһ⡣
ӣ
вʵʵ뷨Ҷӣ
һʱʮˣѾֻʣ²ʮˡʮ˵ããȺ֮С
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ʱҶ϶ѾǱ鲼˺ɫǲ԰׵Ŀ¡սõﵽһǳƣĳ̶ȡ
ҶЩˣûһõġ
ֵһ˵ھнļһôɾôķ档ϣûпһѪ
ǰ棬㿴ʱͻȻ˰
Ҷ̧ͷȥԶƵɽɽһмɵľ룬һš
Ҷ˰˼
Ҷٶȼӿ죬ܿ죬һ˽ǵ֮СʱҶ밢ͣͣΧЩ˷׷׶ʱͣȻҶ밢
ʱͻȻ֮У˲ɡ
Ҷȴҡҡͷɣ
ߵҶǰûʱˣߣ̣
ҶҪ˵ʱͻȻץסҶ·ҶڲʱߣߣȻ˶⣬ף
˿̣˰Ҷ˼
޷һӵϡЩ޵ޣÿֻܽͷǵĻᣬߵĻᡣǣҪһʱ䡣
Ȼ˭ҲӲߣ
ҪµˣҪǿʵΨˣֿܹЩޣΪһʱ䡣
ǿʵ
ҲֻҶ밢ʺϣ
Ҷ㣬£ңʱܹߵģ
ߣ
ŭôӣҶҪ첻ɣ˵⣬ŬʹԼƽȥɽһҪһʵļһͷȻǺҵ档ˣԣ
а
棬ԽԽ
ʮϢͻ嵽⣡
ʱҶͻȻЦشˣԼǣԸ𣿡
شٺһЦ˿ԼҼ磬տҲղţֱֻ۶Ѿûˡ
شûֱۣоȻǻáǣԼǵĹңشһӶĲ
ҲǣһԣѾվȵͻȻˡ
񽫵˼ϣһ𣿸Ͳ
ԶھͻȻ֣ӦһҪɺã
˿ھʱھԴѾûˡ
ھһЦˣһɾ·


1975 ң
ɾ·

ھĻͻȻЦ
ڼˣ㵽ôİɾһԣشЦ
һҶҲЦ
ʱȺ
ɱ
ҶɫͻȻתһһǳǰһͷ˲䱻ն롣
ɱ
Ҷ˷Щ޳˹ȥ
Ѫս
޾޳Ҷ˳ȥȻҶ˵ķɱ£ЩȥޣѾ˵ϡܿ죬޵ʬԽԽࡣ
ǣЩɺηĳҶ˳ȥ
ĳһһСŮӸֶԣſһͷޡްſţͷŮӵĽ¡
Ůӵԣһߡ
ŮֱֱǰҶѪսĵط
ŮӣŮֻʱŮѾǵŮʣζѾ˺ܴĸı䡣ʱŮûۣ
ڵŮ죬䣡
ܲΣŮͻȻ
΢΢Ȼ˵һ棡
УŮ
ߵͱӵʵһЩţҲ˿ɹǣ飬Ʒԣϳˡū˳һ
Ůһ۰ߣܲﻰ𣿡
ߵ֮ǰūǲôġڣȻΪ壬ǣΪ˲֮ԣģ
Ů̧ͷԶԶҶѾ֧šʹҶ϶Ѿ鲼˺ۡ
Ĭһ˲Ůͷµֻ
⣬ͻȻվһԾֱȺ֮С
𣡡
һ޸εѣ
һ˲䣬ͣ뿴Զĵ
أ
ʱһͷ;޴ͻȻǵǰͷţͷޣ
ͷ޶ӣһ̣ǵβ͵ؾһɨ
أ
˾㵵Ŀ֮Уǰͷֱӱɨ˳ȥһɣ˽ɡһأֱӹѳ飡
סҶҲסܿ죬Ҷ̧ͷɨһܣʣһϢӰ
Ů
ŮһҶû˵תʧʡ
Ⱥ֮УǵæȥаЩûиڶ֡
ߣʱҶԴ˰
Ҷջ˼ʧԭء
һɽ֮УҶϯض
ʱֻʣ²ʮˣ
ӳߵʧһˡʣµһˣҲˡ
ҶһӣÿǰöɾʯȻҶôɾʯȴûʣҲûֱ
ҶҲڵأʼˡ
һ
ͻȻվһԵһӣ𣿡
ӵ˵ͷһʧʮֵܣ
ʮˣ
ɫͳˮ
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ȥ
شЦЦ㣬ֲǲ֪ڸǻȥʱ򣡡
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شɬصĴҪſһΣЩϼһֲܿǣԼõ꿪һΡڣ뿪ʱ䣬аʱ䡣ûǵİƾǵĻʮ꣬лԳȥ
һ
Ҷüͷǲϵ𣿡
شҡҡͷֻܹϵǣǣ޷ϵǡ
ϵҲϵˣʱһԳĬͻȻˡ
˿顣
黺Ʈ̧ͷһʣƬأѾ󷨸ǣڡȥҲ
ʲô˼شߵԣ˷ӡˣ
ĬһᣬȻһ󷨷ӡ磡ˣΪҪôأ
Ҷ̧ͷһۣʲôҲûǣܹоõһƬ죬е㲻һˡ
ˣ
һԣشңӻûȢϱ
ԣҡͷһЦ
ô죿УͻȻʡ
˿˰Ҷԥ£ȻڵǣӦȥɽиң֮ǰҵõϢɽǱߵ뼸λǿѾ֡ҾӦȥǻϣֻд֣ſܳŵꡣ޷ϵǣض취
ȥɽ
˿ҶʱҶȺ֮УѾһĵλ
ʵҶ֮ǰҶ顣
ʣ֮УҶʵǿҶԼҪӣǿӳȥġȺޣסһλֻӵĽޣ
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ҶĬƬ̣ȻǾȥɽɣ
ûˣ
뿪̡ããɽ֮УΪ˲̫ҡҶѡӵߡϷɣĿ̫ˡ
ղǵ˭Ҷԣ
Ҷԥ£ȻǸ
̫ˡң¶Ůˣ¶Ůǲ
΢΢ͷĬʵʶµһЩǣȷʵҶݣҶ˵Ļ
鷳ʹˣ
ٶȼӿ죬һ·ϣûʲô鷳ȴǿϢЩϢ˲û£Ȼǵһս
һҶɽ
˿̣ɽܣһĹĻĻ֮⣬нٵɽɽɽɽ£һȺʬ壬Уġ
ɽҲ⵽Χ
Ҷԣɽסˣ
Ҷ̧ͷȥĿЩɽϣЩɽÿһס
߰ɣ
䣬˳ɽȥܿ죬İٱɽֱӴɽ£˰˵ܣȫΧ
һĻɫ
ʱһһȺ˳˰˵ǰʱɫˡ
㣡
ǰӣǶŵĶǣ
û뵽ǾȻ
ɨһ۰ˣЦû뵽ӳǾȻ޵Χ֮л˲˰


Ц˵֪ЩΪôȥΧӳǣ
ԣüͷ
ָָԼΪµЩǽЩȥģϧû뵽ЩȺȻûܹɱ
˵⣬ͻȻˣΪ˿̣˫Ѿ
ʮλֵɥУԭȫǰǰͣ
ɱң
ЦЦԣ
ǰĶǣûж֡ΪһĿģѰɽıӡɱ˵Ļд鷳
û𣿡ǷһĨˣ㰢ûֵģ
ʱҶͻȻü䣬ܿ죬һıҶγ


1976 
˶Ҷܿ죬˵ע£һɫĽҶС

俴ҶǣǼ֮ɫ
ʱߵҶԣȻסҶֱۣ΢΢ҡͷǹڼŭǣﶯ֣
Ҷ˵ͷ֪
˵⣬ҶԶĶǣ֪Ŀġ
ȻأǶЦ
Ȼ󣿡
ҶЦЦЦݽ䣬Ȼҳȫ㣡
䣬һڳһ
ὣɱ
һڳһţа
ԶǶ˫ĿԲšģüͻȻһѺۣܿ죬ѺԽԽ󣬴üһֱѵǵĸ
ۣ
ѪԶ
ֱԭأش˴˿̶Ѿȫľ֪ҶʵѾǿǣû뵽Ҷʵǿ̶ֳȡ
ǿǼǿ߰ôɱˣ

ʱһŭͻȻʴţΧҶܵЩɽʱҶ˼ȥ
˾Ҫ֣ʱҶͻȻ˰ֹ֣˰ˡǰ̤һ㣬һЩɽȻŭȵ
䡣
ˣ
ҶеĶͻȻһɲǼ䣬ΧЩȫͣԭأȻˢˢźˡ
ʱһ߳Ҷ˵ǰ
俴Ҷһ

Ҷɽ
ɱ˵ɣʡ
ҶɱˣΪ
ֱҶѾɽڣɽˣ
ҶЦҲԼɽ
߳ĬƬ̣Ȼɽɲͼģ
ӭ
ʱһͻȻԶ˿ȥԶһӻ
꣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҫ˵ȴֱӳҶǰЦӭ´ɽӭλλߣ
䣬һơ
Ҷ밢һۣҶҪ˵ʱһԵͻȻ٣Ϸɵģ
Ŷ
ЦЦȻҶҶҪ˵ʱͻȻλСѣұɻӭССѵЩѼ롣֮ǰ£һʹ
ҶҡҡͷȻӣǸߣ
һĨ죬漴Цӭ
Сѣ
ʱһԵͻȻЩ飬Ҫˣ
ҶߣҾ˼ԣǼߣ
Ȼ˼
ӴЦЦȻλ
Ҷ밢˸ӿ첽ȥ
ԭأɫĿ¡

·ϣЦ̨γƺ
ҶҶ
ЦĪɽ
ɱɣҶĿӡ
Цⳡ֮ǰ˵£һǱɵǧģиҸĪʵǿȻ֮䣬ҲǾˮˮ
˵⣬ĪЦǣ˭û뵽ͻȻֱʡˣɽò֡ǣ֮˭ϴ󣿿϶Էģԣʲôɱɣ
ԭˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ뵽ʲôҶҡͷһЦѾʱ򣬶ɽȴûŽһ¡ȥΣհ
ˣ
ĪָָԶһԺ䡣Ǻܺȴܾ¡
ĪλľסأЩªϣλ
Ҷ΢΢ͷл
λȥս
ĪЦӦѾƣҾͲλˡǣ
˵ţĪ˱ȭȻתȥ
ôҶԣʡ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷڶʲôɻԷΪ˴ҲȲЩסʱܲ뿪ǣ
΢΢ͷҲǣ
ʱҶһӣǰöɾʯȥƺã
Ҳɾʯߡ
̸̸
ʱͻȻ
Ҷһ۰Ȼ˵ͷ
Ҷڡ
ǲģֱҶ
壡
Ҷʲô˼
ǻǲǣʡ
ΪʲôôʣҶʡ
΢΢ҡͷ֮ǰͷޣһЩϼĵҲ֪Ϊֵǣ֪ԷΪų־ǵġ
ҶЦҲģ
ģʡ
Ҷ˵ͷĲġֻǣҺܲףΪ˽أ
ܲţ
磬ЩһݲġˣǱɱ֮
ҶĬ
ʱֵǧ֪йϵȻд鷳
Ҷ˵ͷˣ
΢΢ͷҲˣϢɣ
䣬뿪˷䡣
ڣֻʣһˡ
Ҷڴϣüͷ΢塣ӰĻ֮ĶԹȻܴ󰡣
Ǹӡⷽصˣ
ǣǵĿʲô
һϵͬʯҶҶҡҡͷȥЩ
ջ˼Ҷ˺ڡ

֮ǰȺսõоԼѾﵽһƿڣҪľͻƿ
ʵȻǿǿǣȴеͣ˵ΪĲΪûоΪսǷǳ޵ģ
ղţһ֮Ѿõڶ
֮⣬мµǾСɾʯ֮ǰͳȥɾʯԼģ֮࣬ѾȫļҵסطûɾʯǷǳܵġ
ܿ죬ҶҵСס
С׻˻Сצ˼ǣۣǳۣ
Ҷߣ˵ɣʲô
С޹գգۣʾ
ҶС׵СԴҺҪɾʯҶһ¿ɺãȻкôģ
һ䣬С۾ʱ
ҶССԴЦСһԽԽƤˣ
СˣһҶصҡڵأܵ

ʱһһȥʱĹȥҶϵϢԽԽǿ
º
ڵصҶͻȻվɲǼ䣬һϢҶϯܿ죬ϢϢʧ˳С

ҶһȻ۾
Σ
ڴﵽΣ
ͻȻҶüͷ΢壬Ȼ˺ʱ⴫һڲ
ھ
Ҷ˷ţȻ£
ھ΢΢ͷش˴ˣ
ԣҶ˫۶ʱ


1977 Ҹ㶥ţ
ش˴ˣ
Ҷüͷô£
ھЦЦһ˺֮ͳȥһȦȻһŮӷִͱ˴ˣȻԷһöɾʯȥˣ
һöɾʯ
Ҷüͷĸˣȥɣ뵽ʲôֵ֪𣿡
ھҡͷ㻹ڱչأû֪ͨҪ֪ͨ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷãߣȥ
ھĴ£Ҷһ㳡֮ϡ㳡еռǧɣǹ㳡֮ϣŲʮ̨
ʱ㳡ѾۼˣӦ˵ڶšһˣǵˡһˣҶʶһȺ֮УҶһϤӰ
Ӱشʱش˫ϥڵϣ䲱ϣϵһɫ֮⣬Ҷ֣ش˫ŵģȻĹͷѾ顣ش˫ţǲشµģϥǹѾѣ޷վ
һĻҶ˫ۻ
Ϻǣµ˳ˣʱһЦͻȻԶ
Ҷ̧ͷȥ˵һӡЩƾɣԴϣİ̺ۣ䴦һϸСĶ̽
أ
Ҷԣھɽǳһһڼ˱ɡ
Ҷûأ˵ǰҶɫһɣ΢΢ͷҪ˵
ҺʧʱҶͻȻ
ס
Ҷ˫ۻĺʧ˵ţָһȺ֮еش𣿿ڵǼȻˣǣΪֵܣΪβ֣Ϊβ֣˵ҶѱΪŭ
˳Ĭ
ʱھǲ֣شϣǲ
Ҷ΢΢ͷǸ
ҡҡͷǸ⣡
Ҷתأ󣬴ԼʮˣǶǿߣҶߣֻжʮˡһЩˣڱչˣ
ͷģĿҶϴһ£Ȼҡҡͷô
ҶûأǿԶش˵𣿡
ش̧ͷһЦȻҡҡͷ
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ҶǰЦ˵˲˵Ļͷûˣأ᲻˵
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һɾʯ
ҡҡͷɾʯ˵ţֱҶԭֻһöǣΪղңԣöɾʯ
ԣҶ󣬵ɫ
ҶҪ˵ʱھһεĳͻΪشһŮˣȻŮ˾͡
ҶҡҡͷҲҪ֪ԭ򣬼ȻѣֵܣĴҲһ꣡
䣬ҶתͷһԣҸǻᣬȻǲҾԼ
ˣ
һͻȻڳ쳹ţһڳһ
Ҷʧһ˲ǰɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҳ֮ʧԭء
أ
УռͻȻ¡ֱܵӱһس˽ǧɣ
ನɢȥа
˿̣мλãҶɵľ룬ҶУش
һĻɫʱЩѿˡ
أǼǿ߰Ȼȴһغ֮ǰλֻεļһ
ҶǰشһҶû뵽׾ˣԭǰϻ
ҶĿԼԵشϣĬƬ̣شھУȻ̧ͷء
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Ӱɱ
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ͣ
дһռ˺ѵ̶
УֻӰ˸ҶءҶսֺԽսԽľҶľ̫࣬ǣҶսʶֲ̫ҷǳĺݣ˻ˣ
أ
ʱҶľ롣ֽеĶ̽ӿģеǱ̽ʼҲ
ԶҶޱ飬һ̯һڣת
Ϣͬʱʧԭء
ǲ
Ϣ֮УΧڵĿռֱӹѿʱǰߴһĽǲڵϣֱӱ˵ϡ
гװ
ذˣ
ԶǸȥشͷŮɫ԰ף֮ɫ
ҶߵصǰʱŮԵЩȫΧ˹ҶĵҲ׷Χ˹
ȻҶ٣ǣһ㶼
ҶûйŮӵˣǿǰأ֪Ϊβɱ𣿡
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ǰ䣬Һͬ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһֱ̣ʧԭأܿ죬صԭأʱУһŮӡǸȥشͷŮӣ
ʱͻȻһŭ𣬾Ҫ֣ҶֱһŲصţӲ˻ȥ
ҶأɱŮˣΪԼ֡룬һô
䣬ҶֱӽеŮӶشǰͬʱҽһߣµҲߵشǰԼĳ𣬵ȻҪԼŽ
֣ʱͻȻŭ
£Щµ¾Ҫ֣ʱһڳһ
ͣ
Ϊ׵Դֱ׷˳ȥѪȪˮڿ
ҶɨһЩˣԣ
Уţ
ĿⶼҶϣأȻĻǼɵ
˰ɣ
ʱһͻȻڳ𣬺ܿ죬һԶ
Ҷӣɣ
΢΢ͷ¾ʹ˽ҹΣ
Ҷָָشֵͬͬ⣡
ӿһشȻţǣȥܾˡЩˣҲ˼в㣬ֻ˵һʵ
ʵ
ҶЦЦһԵشʲôʲôκι˼ɣҸ㶥ţ


1978 轣һã
Ҹ㶥ţ
죬ģ
ˣĿⶼҶϣĿ֮Уһ˿ӵɫʡ
شһҶȻǰŮӣҪ֡ʱһЦͻȻһԴ֣侲侲
תͷȥĪǧ
Īǧ첽ߵҶǰ֣֣Ǹ֮ǰұȥѲ룬ղŲòŵ֪飬ˡ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷĪûйϵ
Īǧԥ£Ȼ֣ˣɲԲɱ
ҶֱĪǧĪǧ֣ؿɲһˣǱ֮ǧĵɱܻ뱱ɹϵڣдУɽڲʵǲκˣԴΪأ
ҶҪ˵һԵشͻȻ̬ˡҡҡͷȻھתȥ
شˣ
ȻɱǰˣǣΧЩֵܡ
ʱҶͻȻţ
شͣ˽ŲתͷҶҶЦЦȻǰĪǧ𣬡ԴΪأˡɵˣɱɣȴԷΪأ
Īǧɫһ֣˵
˵
ҶЦЦҿû˵ҿľġĪ֣ҲΪѡ˵ţɨһܣ˿ҵ˳ɣֵܻ뿪ɽ
˵꣬һԵشˣͶ֣
شû˿ԥѾָ˫ֱһǰŮӵͷϡ
أ
ŮԴֱըѿ
һԣĿѡ
شҪس֣ʱһԵͻȻ֡ӶʱҶҲˡ
ڳһ
أ
ֱӱԭأʱһԵشѾһصԴ
һĻɫʱһԵĪǧɫҲЩҶһ㶼Ӱ
գ
Ҷһӣ㱱ҪʲôǷ㵽ס
䣬򵶿񣬡֣֪ͨʣµֵܣھ뿪ɽ
ûԥתȥ
Сѳ嶯ˣ
ʱһͻȻԶܿ죬һŽ۵ӳ
ףһԣĪǧæߵǰôˣ
Ī񷣡
Ī񷿴һĪǧ΢΢ҡͷҺʧ
Īǧɫʱ
ĪĿ˱ɵϣԵѾλشСѲǿһصŮˣؾֱ˽С£㱱Ĳصһȥص飬ԻǧĽ
Ӳ˵ʲô俴һҶȻתȥ
£Ī񷿴ҶССѵЩѼȻѾɣֻҪǲ££ȻҪάǡ
ҶĬ
ĪСѻ֪ڵɽѾΧˡ
ΧҶЩޣ
Ī΢΢ҡͷֻЩ޾ͺˣͷʹЩԭסЩˣңԶϷǨƶǵĿģɽ
ΪҶʡ
ĪǡСѿ֪ɽײǻһġǰµģֱͨ档֮ʵΪǵЩΪάתڴ˵صġ
ȻдǰΪβ뿪Ҷʡ
ĪЦЦʼҵҲġϾطѾʺϼȥˡǣû뵽˵⡣磬һ󷨷ӡˣ
󷨷ӡҶüͷ΢塣
Ī̧ͷʣһǳǳ󷨣󷨵£ĿռĿռͨȫ˵ȥϵ涼С
˵⣬ҶҪȥҪô÷ӡ˳Ҫôӵӡǿгȥ
ȥˣ
Ҷ̧ͷһʣ˵ӡ飬϶ŮġҲֻʵӡ磬Ůʲô
ʱĪֵСѣִЩûǽΪã
˵꣬ĪתʧԶ
߲ߣҶԣھͻȻ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ⣬Ҫȥһط
ҪҪһ𣿡ھʡ
ҶҡҡͷãԼһӡڴ˵СЩǱɵ˿ܲôװݡ֮ԼСĵ㣡
ھ΢΢ͷԼҲСĵ㣡
Ҷشûɣ
ش΢΢ҡͷܵˣֻˣ
Ҷָһʮöɾʯشǰúˣ
˵꣬һֱӻһʧʾͷ
ҶһεĿľȥŮŮæܲش뿪硣
ܿ죬ҶǴ棬ûԥֱ˺ӵסǺܿ죬һͷȻﵲǰ

ҶһǵȻŮ
ɣʱһԶƮ
ʱÿ·ȴһֱҶЩƣ
ܿ죬ҶڣֻŮһˡ
£Ůʡ
Ҷ˵ͷǱǷӡ𣿡
Ů˵ͷǣô
Ȼǣ
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼʱ⿪𣿡
Ůҡҡͷԣ
ΪΣҶ⡣
ŮߵҶǰЩ飬ܸ㡣⣬ǣ¹ϵشԣҲܴӦҪġ
Ҷǳȥ
Ů΢΢ҡͷ˵ˣطκ˶뿪ʱҲൣģò˶ãǾͿ뿪ˡ̫õģ
ҶֱŮʲô
Ů΢΢һЦȷҪ֪
ҶĬˡֱ»Ǳ֪ĺãȻ鷳ܶࡣ
벻ﵽ۷壿ʱŮͻȻ
ʲô˼ҶûдӦЩ䱸
ŮЦҪ㣬ûзأ𣿡
Ҷ˵˵
ŮЦʵܼ򵥣Ҫǽһá
轣
Ҷüͷã
ôŮʱ䣬󣬽㡣ΪرҿΡ
Σ
ò˵ҶĶΣλŲСģĻٵʱܹﵽΣ
ĬãҶóеĽ˽ɱˣ㲻˵⣬Ҷû˵ˡ
Ůһûôȥһ˵˽ڱУұضɱ˻ٽǣСҪϣŪһЩ飬ô򵥣
ҶһᣬȻã
䣬ָһǱɵŮǰ
Ůûнӽǿһԣܲˣ
һ߻˳ߵҶǰ
ҶŰʧ˵С
ֵãʱһڵ
Ů˫ۻֵ


1979 
ҶŰ߳
ȥģҶʡ
Сӵģ߷ʡ
ҶһߣȻżȻĻᣬô
΢΢ҡͷֻǺ档
˵ţԶһĴԲΣڣɢŹ⡣
޳ߵ
޳
Ҷʲô˼
ߵ˲ŵķ޳֮һҲ˵Ϊ̵ĵط
أѾ޳ſڡ
ʱתͷҶ޳ֳΣûк֢֣ԣΪѡҵķܼ򵥣̶ȼǱҲΣգ׼
Ҷ޳΢΢ͷѾ׼ã
΢΢ͷȻһӣɲǼ䣬Ҷ³һɫԲȦת˲Ҷʧԭء
ҶԴͻȻһѣΣܿ죬ǹѣʧҶ۾ȻʲôҲ
ܣһƬڣ
ͻȻ
ͣ
Ҷֱӱ˺ѳһѪڣͬʱҶ׷˳ȥ
غҶһ±ơ
ʲô⣿
ͣ
ʱҶǰͻȻ˿һѪһ̣Ҷɫڱˡ
ͣ
УһƵҶϣѪĽ
ȻҶûпԼĶ֡
ͣ
ʱҶٴμһѪǶԷ飬̫ǿԷȻܹȴ޷ȥҶ϶Ѫ
档
ôԣŮʡ
߳ĬƬ̣Ȼëܶ࣬˵ţ޳һǣʻеܹ࣬ȥЩʣܱ֮Ϊɣ
ɣ
Ů˫΢΢һУһƺšʷƾãǣܹΪɵģȻָ
гΪɵǱŮʡ
΢΢ͷɣɡĽԳһȻ˽ĺۼǣĵԼġȻָܹ㡣
˵⣬˶٣ֵܹһЩԼĽûǣңûĽӵĴ⣬ӵ
Ͳˣ
Ů֪ܲɱġ
ΪΣʡ
ŮϣЩЩʹҲĶǵõ˵о޴ġȻ޷˵Լɱ
ΪΣʡ
ŮԶ޳ǣ֮ġ
΢΢ͷˣ
ʱŮָһһɫСƿӳǰã
ԣɫһ䣬ˣǡ
ŮȻѡˣǾ;ѡѰɡ飬Ƕĺãеġԣܲõպ岻ʲôġ
ԥ£Ȼ˵ͷһ˵ģ
Ů΢΢ͷȻɨһܣܹܲа𣿡
ñ𶯣߳
ΪΣŮ
߳һۣȻǣǶԹޣܽɱãǣǲܣ鷳ɾеˡ
ܽɱ𣿡Ů
ܣߵǣҪһĴۡ
ʲôۣŮʡ
屩¶Ĵۣ
ʱһͻȻŮ
Ůתǰ治Զ֪ʱһźâ
ʱźâֵ䣬˷˲ڵ壬ɲǵ壬籩¶˲ͻɱĸɸɾ

ʱǰͻȻһӣһ׹ڳһ
䣡
ǵâֱӱǧɿ⣬һ̣âڳгɲǼ䣬ԲʮڵĿռ俪ʼҲ
򣡡
ʱһͻȻʴܿ죬һصܣģΧЩռָ
һԣ߾Ҫٴγ֣Ůȴǰ˰֣ˣ
΢΢ͷͣ
ŮԶźâȻѾû䣬ǣҪŪ㣬ġ
𣿡
źâͻȻЦƬһͬƬ汾ԴɱңƬ汾Դ壬棬ڣԿƬ֮᲻ɱң
Ů˫΢У񽥽ʱ΢΢ҡͷ˵ĲûдȻɱ㣬ǣӡ㻹ǿԵģ
ƣЦֻҪԸ⣬ҷ㵽ף
߿ŮŮͻȻЦΪȻ߱Ϊ𣿡
Σźâ
ŮЦϧ㲻ҡ
źâĬˡ
Ůһ仰ɻ˵ˡֻôûпΣաߵұҴУϸλǿߵϵ˵㣬嶼ɱ㣬ˡֱԣǵһǱңλܵУ
𣿡
źâЦҵóϣȷʵ򵥣ǣԼǹ
ԣŮüһԵɫҲЩ
޳ڡ
ʱҶѾһѪˣȫ£Ѫ
޳һƬҶϣʱʱѪǲ㣬Ǹ޷塣ЩĶ̫ûû취ܡ

Ҷ뵽˽ýҳеЩһǣȴǲ׼ý
ý
Ҷǲ⣬ߵĻûý
ڰ֮УҶ˫ۻϣʱѪ
Ӧ
ûۿΪеЩһٶѾֻۣۣĿǣһ
ʲôܲ
һΣҶЩãȻˡ
ʱߵͻȻҶ𣬡۾ۣۣۡ˵⣬߶˶٣ȻֵѾﵽ۾磬ǣ⻹ԶԶ֮ԿаΪġۡ
δﵽۣҶʡ
ܼ򵥣ߵأƿأۣ֮
أ
޳֮УҶĬϣɲʱѪ
ʱһһȥ֪˶ãҶͻȻ۾ͻȻһץһץֱץһֻѪɫצӡҶ͵һȻһҡ
أ
ڰ֮Уʲôըѿ
еС򣡡
ʱٴҶ𣺡ڲŸոտʼܿͻʲô
£Ǻڰ֮УҶѪɫ۾
Ҷһ֮Уһ
֮ĽӶѪȣߵٴ𣺡Ȼǰܹ߳
ͣ
£ڰ֮УһֻŽֱӷ˳ȥ
Ҷ֣
û֣ǽ


1980 ѹѪ
޳⡣
ܳԲԣŮ
߳ĬƬ̣Ȼѡ
Ůߡ
ˣԹλǿûо˼ƽ߲ŻѡġǿߣνǿߣĥܳΪǿߣ
ŮĬ
ֵ˿֪뽣֮𣿡
ŮߣߵɽɣɡνĽɣʹûнȻǽɣ˵ûнû֣ȻǳĽɣ
˵⣬߿Զ޳޽ޣнԼһ
Ů̧ͷ޳Ĭ
޳ڡ
Ҷ˫۶Ѿʧ˿̵ֻܱĴ
һΣܵϢرϵǵצӡղӦ㹻죬һצӣϵˣ
ǰЩΧĶʵԶһǿߣ
û˫֣Ҷӿˡ
У
ָоҶѾܾúܾûˡ֣ʹսˣǣУѪսסڣ˫ʧȥõҶԼȻУ
ʵϵ֮е

Ѿƣ
оͷҶȻѣ

Ҷķ֣ԼȻͷ
ǵڷҶû뵽Լ־ʱȻзͷȻֻһͷǣõҶ֪Լľϻкܴȱݵģ
ǿߣԶ
ϣ˿ԽԽ࣬ʹԺٶȣҲָˡôȥʱͻ
ô죿
ҶŬʹԼ侲

Ҷ΢ɲǼ䣬Χʮת˲ʮγһ޴ĽػҶܵ˺ʱ࣡

֮УҶ֪ȥûϣġ뻯Ϊ
޳⡣
ԲͻȻ˵һ䡣
ŮŲסˣ
ߵЩҪԼᣬ򣬲ЧûԼ򣬶Ǹûõġһ;ܶʱҪôҪôɹ
ܹܲɹ𣿡Ůʡ
߿Զ޳˭֪أ
޳ڡ
ҶΧѾԽԽ١ʱҶѾڵءģΧѾʧܿ죬һֻצֱץԴ
һצץʣҶԴῪ
ʱҶͻȻ۾
ݣ
УͻȻһƿת˲Χʲô˺ˡ
⣬ͻ֣ᷢһһĶǺڰ֮вϴ
޳⡣
ɹˣԣŮ
΢΢ͷֻǿʼ
޳ڡ
⣬ͻ֣ᷢ˿̵ҶϣһһõĽҶغϣ뽣غϣ
ڵ޳ڣⲻԼʱͣ
ɢȥҶ˵棬֮УȻԿһõĽ
ԭأҶڵϣɫĲ԰ס
ƣ
Ľƣϣоϡղ;ƿʱͻȻһͷ
ޣûнͲǽ
Ȼǣ
ޣнûнһ㶼Ҫ뵽һ㣬ȻʡڼоֽǣһԼһ
Լǽ
ûнԼǽ
ԼһҶһµ磬֮еһ磡
Լǽһµķ֣һµջҶҲ޷µջҲδ׵Ľգ
ʵҪһ㣬Ҷ˵ѣΪĽһ㶼ͣ෴ܸߣرо˱ɱֽ֮ڽѾﵽһµĸ߶ȡ
ûΪδⷽڸղţû˫۵û취ýһ̣вų뷨ѵû˽Ͳǽ
ǿĽޣûнûԼǽ
֮⣬ҶиջǾоԼƺڷĳֱ仯ҪͻƵĸо
ȻսܹõļԼǱ
ԭأҶջ˼һܶʱııȻΧʱû˶ǣɲҴ⡣ղһиطвǻģĻ
һʱںİ£Ҷ˫ֺܿ쳤˳ϵҲ߰˰ˡ
ʱǹܲͻȻҶǰ
Ҷ˫ۿߣ΢΢ͷջ٣
Ҷл
΢΢ҡͷԼĹ֪͡طЩ꣬棬һĳšǣУоųڴ˵ء֪ԭ򣿡
Ҷҡͷ
Цʵˣ֮ǰ㣬ЩŰһëǾ̫ţΪԼľûʲôëҲΪԼʵǿʵˡϷֱԣǰˣ
Ҷ
ֵܲ˭˵ԼľȱУûľ¶飬ղš£µǵȴʱּܵ尾ã˷ּ尾ϲ
ԣҶЦлǰָ㣡
ܲ΢΢ͷȻóһɫƿҿƿڣܿ죬һѪɫƮ˳
ǣҶ⡣
ܲѪ
ѪҶдɻ֮ɫ
ܲ΢΢ͷ˵Ѫ
䣬ָһǵѪֱûҶü䡣ɲǼ䣬ҶҲ
ʱǹܲߵҶǰѪ֮У̺˼侫ܹ磬õһ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ֮ǰ֮־ƳǱ֮⣬һĿģǾϣ㾫궼ﵽһƣ״̬ڣǣ
ܲǰҶԽԽˡܿ죬ϵȫըѿϸ֮¾ͻ֣ᷢƤȻڻʧ
ֵܲѪỻƤ裬ȻѪҺȻ㻹㣡
ҶȫƤʧ³˳ֻһΣƤϸˡҶ֣ԼƤµľ边Ȼʼɱš
ʱһһȥƤѾȫɱ䡣ѪҺ
Ȼˣ
ǵѪҶѪҺ֮ҪֱӸıҶԭѪҺʱҶڵСͻȻתɲǼ䣬һоֹˡ
Ҷǰܲ˫ԲѹѪôܡ


1981 ҶѪ
ѹѪ
СתҶڵѪ˲䱻ѹƣҲ޷ڻҶѪ
ô£ܲüͷ
ʱŮ˹ܲԣܲŮʡ
ѪҲѪڴǧ֮еѪ֮У˵ǵһǣԿԽǰȻû뵽ԼѪȻᱻѹƣ
˼
ܲԴһʱЩ£
ŮҶãȻѹѪֻһѪѪǿڶǣǱ̫ͣѪϣԸǿںϡ
ܲҶѪôܱѪã
Ů˫ۻ֪ҶһǸҶ顣ԷѪҺҶѪζţڶԷҶѪҪѪã
ҶȻţʵ֮ͬǷǳǿģǣĿǰҶѪûʲô֮
ʱܲͻȻָһ㣬ҶüʱһѪ
ܲһǰѪģɫ
ܿ죬һۣ󣬹ܲԭˣѪѹƹ
ʲôѪŮʡ
ܲĬãȻҡҡͷû
ԣŮüͷתͷҶҲ򵥣
ʱܲͻȻЦҲ򵥡Ӧ֪һλǿߴﵽһ̶ȣѪǿԱģ񵱳ˡǰλѪ򵥣ԼѪӲ򵥣
ԼѪ
ŮҶϢ΢΢ͷԭˡ
ֵܲ˼ǣԼڵѪҲȻı䡣ԼѪѪѪѪһһͻƣһһθı䣬˼һСһﰡ
Ů΢ƣȷʵ˼
ĿҶϣһ˿档
ʱҶ˫ۣȻ鿴Լľ硣
Σ
ҶĿǰˡ
ܲ΢΢һЦϸһ£ʲôͬ
Ҷٴθ£ܿ죬ԼȫȻرܣонˮڷ
ǣҶܲ۴ѯ֮ɫ
ܲЦڵ㣬ȻֻΣǣʱԴﵽΡиССĽ⣬ʱպǿУڹؼʱΣ϶Էһľϲģ
գ
Ҷ΢ƣͷհϲ
ʱֵܲ˾磬㿴Լ
ҶԼʱѾͬ
ܲڵһǿ߸޷˵㣬ǵõǿʱҲޱȵͷʹȻûǱУϣȱţ
ȻҶЦΪնɱǿˡ
Уǵ
ܲ΢΢ͷǾͿĽĶɣ
ҪҶ㵵Ŀܲ
ܲһܣ޳ҪԼ߳ȥСӣڲʽʼúɣ
䣬ܲʧ˳С
ŮһҶųȻɾ͹ˡ˵꣬һʧҶǰ
޳
ҶһɨһܣܣһƬʲôҲ˰֮Ȼ
ͻȻһƬ֮Уһ˫˫Ѫɫۡ
ˣ
һڳ쳹쳹ҶܣʮʮΧҶƣâˣͬʱһõĽӰҶغһ
Լǽ
Ҷǰȥܿ죬һ˫Ѫɫ۾ͻȻǰ
ݣ
Χһ˫˫Ѫɫ۾Ҷӿ˹
Ҷ񽥽΢ܵʮͻȻһ⽦ͬʱҲǻһ⳯Զȥ
ὣɱ
һҶԼǽʩչĵһνԼΪʩչ
Ҷ֪ЧΣֻ볢һ¡һԣٴΪҶһš
һ˫˫Ѫɫ۾ֱӱ˺ѷ飬ͬʱ޳ڵĿռͻȻǲһ˿
޳⡣
һе˼ŮԣܲЦ
Ů΢΢ͷĽֱǿˣ
޳ڡ
һⲻǺڰ֮д󣬶Χʮػߣʮ֮䱻ţõΧЩѪɫ˫۸޷Ҷ

һеһнԻΪޡȻڵ޳ڣ·޾Ҷǰ壬ǰǺڰһƬ
޳⡣
ܲͻȻˣ
䣬һӡ
޳ڣͻȻһãܿ죬ҶһԲ̨֮ϡ
Բ̨ϣҶɨһܣܣããһƬ
ͻȻһӰ˳ҶǰӰȫڣ沿ֻܿһӰ
ݣ
ӰͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰͬʱһҶδӦ¾ֱӴҶü䡣
Ѫ
ڽƤʱҶӦ˹ֱסǱǽ޷ڶֺ
ÿĽ
Ҷо
ʱǰǺӰʧˣת˲ҶŵǱҲ֮ʧת˲ҶͫȻһԴʶһһһ
ͣ
ҶѪ
ʱҶʮɵľ룬ȻͣǵӰȴֹĳǰת˲һֱӴü䡣
ǳ죡
쵽Ҷ޷Ӧ
ͣ
ҶüƤ֮ҶŷӦȻһһξ롣ǣǵӰȴӰΣܣͬʱһⲻ˸
͡
ҶһѪҺÿһҶ޷ľڹؼʱߵֵΪˣûбӰ˻ɱ
ǣȴӰ˸ѹƣ

Ҷʩչ˽򣬵ֺǺӰ˵Ĺ켣ʱҶ׽ˡͬʱԷٶҲֱӱѹҶҪʱͻȻһصܣ

һ˳Уغϣ
Ҷԭأ
ӰǸûģ
ʱܲҶ𣬡㣬ýѹҲýѹ㡣
Լ
ҶԶǺӰΪٶȱҿ죿
ٶȱ죿ܲ
ҶĬˡ
ǰӰԼԷٶȱԼ죿
Ȼǲܵģ
ǾֻһͣǾԼûȫӳԼٶȣ˵Լûо

뵽⣬ҶȻʡ
Ҷȥ˽򣬶ǺӰҲȥ˽һ̣ڳһ
ͣ
ʲô˺ѿ
һϢҶա棬ǵӰɢ
Ҷ΢΢һЦٵľǼٵģ
ʱӰ˳ǰ治Զ
Ҷ˫΢УȻûô򵥰
һӺӰ˾ɱȻܿ죬ҶǰӰˡ
ĸ




1982 䣡
ӰԽԽࡣ
һʱҶսĺӰˣѾʮλ
˿̣ҶѾЩ֧š
޳⡣
ļǶ٣Ů
ܲ΢΢Ȼʮ
Ůһ˿ӣǶʮ츳Խ˵ˣ
ܲͷϣ
Ů޳ϧˡ
ܲĬˡ

޳ڡ
ʱҶܣǶʮӰˣЩ˾Լ
أ
ҶȡķʽǷأԾƶΪЩӰ˵Ŀű£޷ֵ
Ǵ˿̣̫ˣ
ʮ˵ΧҶû˿Ļᷴȫ£ʮҲʱûа취

ʱǹܲͻȻԲ̨֮ϣһӣΧЩҹʱʧ
Ҷһֱ˵ϡ
ۣ
ָ̫̫ۣоǱ˱˼켸ҹһ㡣֮⣬ȫ£ǽˣ
ܲߵҶǰʲôջ񣿡
ҶܲϢϢһ£
ܲ΢΢һЦã
ʱҶָ
ҶܹܲԿʮԼ
ܲҡҡͷЩӰˣվֻǸƳģô㱾˵ʵսȻҲ˳ɵսһʼ֮ԱѹƣΪ͹Լûȫ
˵⣬ܲЦʵһصĿģϣ£һ£¾ȫҪСԼڶǣףصҪ
أҶüͷ
ܲ˵ͷĽ̫գĴ򷨸̫ȻĽޱȵǣԼûз֣Ľ޷ٻɱʱ˵˱ʱʱָΣ
ҶĬĽһֱǰ
ܲзĽ̫գ̫һ㶼ûдǣΪβѧˣѧأܽˣĽŻǿأ
ҶĬ
ʱֵ֮ܲǰʮΧ㣬ʱܽ㣬ΣǽǱʲôнҲˡл𣬵ǣҲҵ˼𣿡
ҶĬãȻ˵ͷˡ
ܲ΢΢һЦһӣ˳޳ʱŮߵҶǰָһһҶǰҶǱף
ŮӦһ£
ҶŮŮմ˵Ѫ
Ҷӹ˽УұزὫָ塣
ŮЦǾͱ˵ˡ
ҶɨһܣȻŮܲ˱ȭλлˡ
ܲЦЦû˵
Ůʱ뿪һ뿪ķӡͻʧʱǾͿ뿪Ƭ磬Ҳ뿪
ΪΣҶЩ档ΪŮ˵֣롣
ŮΪƬ顣ΪƬѾ˱ıԵӡ磬һԭ򣬾Ϊٶȡûǵķӡ˷磬Ѳڣ
ԭˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻҪȥ
ŮЦԼļҡ
ǰ塭Ҷ
Ů΢΢ҡͷڵİ壬ѾǵǸŽһµİ壬ǣҲȥ忪սȻܿͻή١ָ壬бңңңңص
˵⣬ЦЦЩìܻԹѾﵽһԵ֮Ϊ֮ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷΣյлˡŮǰڣ
˵꣬Ҷͣתʧԭء
СӣܲͻȻū֪˵Ϊβɱˣ
Ů˫ۻϧˣȻٶȱؽ
ܲ΢΢ͷȷʵЩϧڣðһ죡
Ůн壡

Ҷ뿪˺棬뿪֮ǰһΣǵֻǿһۣû¶⡣
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷȻһʧ˺֮ϡҶʧǵϣͻȻһŰȹŮӡ
ȹŮӿҶȥķ򣬲֪ʲô

ƶ֮УҶСͻȻͣ·ȥ·ããɽ֮п񱼣Щ޵ķɽķ
ޣҶǿߣǿϢ
ȫǰɽķ
˵ϣӳȥϣ
ҶջĿ⣬죬Ҫ˰
Ҷûͣӿٶȡܿ죬Ҷصɽ¡ʱɽܣĶޡ
޴ѾɽװΧ֮⣬Ҷ֣Щ޴֮УһЩӰӡȻԭѾЩ֣
ɽ᧿Σ
ĬãҶĻصɽϡ˿̣˶Ѿۼһ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ
ҶĿһԵشϣûˣ
ش̯̯֣ЦѾȫָ
ҶЦϲ
شٺһЦһҶһе㲻һˣ
Ŀ׷ҶϣһԣϲĬͻȻǿˣ
ֱǿˣ
УɫЩŹˡҶٶȣʵֲ̫Щ
ҶЦЦȻǸղʲô
ָָһԵӣҶߵʱɽزסˣ
ԣɫǳ
ɽ˵Щܾ֮ˡزסõĽǣǽܵ޾׷ɱĽȻɽһᣡ
Ҷʲô뷨
ҶǱ뿪磡ŮĻûǡ磬ѾһҪĴ½
ôȥʡ
Ҷվ֪ط໹Ҫ£ӡͻʧʱ뿪ʱ򡣡
Ϣɿ
Ҷ˵ͷɿ
ʱشЦ£ܲܳ춼һ⡣
ҶĬĿǰһЩ޷شԣ˵һ£¶Ųס
а
ʱɽܹЭʵлġϧˣЭˣѾʼСžţʱ׼ˡ
˵⣬ɨһˣȻҶĶǿεˣ˵˵ĿǴһߣ
ĿҶϡ
ҶĬãҪ˵ʱԶͻȻһ޵ŭХ
ʼˣ
ɽ
ɽ£޳ɽӿȥ
ɽ𶯣


1983 룡
ҶһɽɽԵλÿȥɽһо۵ס
ʱɽף޾ɽӿ˶ȺҶ˽̲סһͷƤ顣
̫ˣ
󣡡
ʱһͻȻɽϷ쳹ܿ죬һɽɽϿոֶţЩɽһ⳯·ЩȺȥ
Щ籩һɽɽк£ЩûȺ֮к·ʱ󰧺
ЩɽȻǿ󣬵ǣ޾ȺԶԶ
زסҶԣͻȻ
Ҷ΢΢ͷɽزסˡɽȫĺûʲôˡ
Щޣģ
ʱһͻȻҶ˵ԡߵλĪ룡
ĪĪ񷣡
ҶһۣҶ߰ɣ
˸ɽʱѾۼ˽ˣǶǿߡ
Ϊ׵ӣһĪ񷣬Īұ߲Զһź۵ӡӣǱǧģ
˿̣˵ɫޱȵĳء
Ҷ˽Ī΢΢˵ͷȻλԤһ£ɽزסˣ
زס
ʵѾԤϵˡڱĪ˵黹ԵЩӡ
ʱĪֵɽȻزסⲻǾûϣӦ֪Щ޵ҪĿģʵɽĴ󣬶ҪɱǣԣǾɽ롣
ߣ
Ĳıϡ
ĪλܹۣҲһԵ֣ڣԵңǻȫƾλ컯ˡ
ʲôʱߣʱʡ
Īɽܹ죬ԣǺ쳷롣ˣ˵صҲصɽɽѾȫţ棬дɾʯλȥѰɾʯ
Ī壡
ʱͻȻ޵
У˷׷׵ͷޣ
Ī΢΢һЦλףҺˣ
ܿ죬ɢȥЩˣ׷׳ȥ뿪ʱһô
ɾʯ
϶༸ɾʯζŶһĻᣡ
Ҷص˷֮С
ڡ
ǲȥ̵ɾʯ𣿡ҶԣشͻȻ
شҡҡͷ
ôˣشĿ㣬񿴵Һò
ûʲôԾĵط𣿡
Ծش⡣
ʱҶĪô𣿡
ԣشɫһ˵ܻı
ҶҡͷǱҪСһ㡣Уǲ죬ͳ
ΪΣʡ
ҶҲȱɾʯֻ˷ʱˣԣ׼һ£ҳɽ
Դˣû顣
ҶصԼķ䣬Ȼ˺ڡ

һʱ䣬ǲŹġѾﵽһƿ塣һΣҶҪ֮ǰ뽣һ
ǽˣ
仰޶ǣҪǳǳѡֻǽԼһ֣ûдﵽ˼ǽľ硣
ڣˡǣ⻹ûиûָܶණÿԼ
ʱһһȥգѾҹ
ʱҶķ䡣
׼ˣҶʡ
΢΢ͷֵǶѾ׼ãֻҪߣмƻ
ҶȻɽ棬һƬƽԭطǲߣΪһ׷ĻǱضӲǡ
Ǿֻɽߣʮ֮ããǱߣӦðȫһЩ
Ҷȴҡҡͷұߣ
ұߣüͷǱߣããɽǽУ绢
ҶУɱˣ֮УǻġҪ׷ɱЩߣضѡߣԣǲðһ£ֱѡұߡããɽƽԭΣգңߵ˾Էǳǳ٣٣ĿСǸ
ĬãȻҲ޲׷ɱأ
϶ģҶ
ΪΣ⡣
Ҷ̰ɽʱȡЩɾʯЩ޻׷ɱǡǣ֮ɽһëʣˡʱЩ֪޷ʱ뿪󣬱ضὫŭתƵЩϡ
ĬãȻãұߣ
˳˷䣬˿̣شѾȺ⡣
ɽ£зɽ˻޵İ
Ҷһۣ߰ɣ
ܿ죬һϢɽƽʱҪϢ뿪ɽȻǲܵģڣɽ˶ȥɾʯ˭ʱЩ飿
Ҷ뿪ɽ׼ʱͻȻɽһ
Ҷ˻ͷɽ˾㵵Ŀ֮УɽɽĹЩɽͻȻʧˡ
ɽʧЩ޶ʱ谭׷׳ɽ
ô£شʡ
Ҷԭˡû´ĪѾ뿪ɽˡɽЩˣǵƷ
Ʒش˵֮ǰڴ֮˵ʵǼٵģǹЩ˲ߣɽ
Ҷ˵ͷѾ㵽Щ޲ŹЩߣ£Ҫ밲ȫ룬ֻһ취ǾɽһЩޡҪЩԸɽΨһİ취ɾʯ
˵⣬Ҷ̧ͷɽЩˣǰһѣⲻ֪˼ҸڵĿӡ
˿̣ɽѾ˴
ȺѾɽЩʱžѹӣǣǷָ޴ӣޣϵģϵģѾɽΧ˸ˮйͨ
Ҫֻɱȥ
ɽϣս쳣ҡ
ɽ⣬֧Ѿĳ롣
Ҷ˽ããɽ֮Уʱ˵ӣɽȻȵķӡʧ
һ·򱱡
ģ߳һĨǰסʱͣʱûѾããɽǰһƬأһƬɢŹɫĳأ
طе㲻ԾҶԣش
ʲôطҶ
ҡҡͷ֪ǰӳʱȥԶĵطɽ
ҶɨһܣһһɣСĵ㣡
˳ǰţԼһӺҶͻȻͣ
þûлطˣʱһڳ


1984 ˭
һݣ׷תͷȥĿ䴦һձ˻
ɫ䱸
ʱձͣһҶˣȻҡҡͷ
Ҷ밢һۣҶǰǺδ
ձ߿Ҷܿ죬һĨ죬Щ˼
ҶҪ˵ֵ֪ʲôط𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ձ΢΢һЦܿͻ֪ˣ
ЦЩˡ
ҶתʱҶܣͻȻһ塣
ϰ٣
ˣ
һͻȻڳкȻ쳹ΧЩʱͣԭء
Ҷǰһֱߣֻ·ûκζ⡣ﲻߣǻǣ
ձЦЦˣ
䣬ΧЩͻȻҶ˹ȥ
ಣ
ʱʮͻȻڳһʮֱЩ壬ȻҶȴǾķ֣Щ⾹Ȼ޷Щ˿˺
ô£
ҶüͷʱЩѾҶ˵ǰûʱ룬Ҷ΢΢һ׳Уһ̣еĽǰ͵ؾһն
ͣ
һնҶǰֱӻޣ
ã
ҶһɣֽӣɲǼ䣬ΧЩһһʧ
СģУͻȻ
£ձ߲֪ʱҶǰҶȻзеĽѴ̳
ȻҶһȴǱָסˣ
ϵָ
аҶĽϬȻû뵽ҶĽȻָס
Ҷǰߵе˼
䣬ָһҶֱӱɿ⡣
Ҷûڳ֣ǰλͷʵԶ֣ûκ塣
ߴһҶˣĿҶϣ£뿪
ԣش˵ߵҶԣ˼ԣ
ߵڲߣȵȿɾͶ߲ˣ
Ҫ˵ʱҶȴҡҡͷȻ㣬뿪
ҡҡͷ
ҶԼһˣߵĻ󡣡˵ţһشˣǰλǰʵԶҵȣҪɱңô鷳˵ҵ츳Ҫʲô洫أ
شһۣ󣬰Ǿ㣡
䣬˳˳أû̫Զ
ߺҶǰߣʲô£ǰ˵ɣ
ߵ㣡
ˣ
˵꣬תԶȥҶԥ£ȻȥţҶ֣֮ܵϣ׹ǣǳࡣ
ˣ
Ҷɫ
ܿ죬Ҷһɽ֮Сڣ谵ޱȡţԼһӣձͣձ߶Զ΢΢һȻתʧ˶У
ʱҶеĽͻȻ֣Զ
Ҷ̧ͷȥһˮײġǱʱˮײǰ΢΢ţڻӦʲô
ãһд˳׾ȻУ
Ҷǰϵô˽
˽ˣһоλң֮һ˵ϲʶ
ԣҶֱԭء
ڽ׵֪Ĳֻ֪࣬ǵǿġЩǿߣǿɶܹ֮Ϊģ
û뵽ԼȻһλ
ʱǱͻȻɵҶǰײ֮Уһ⣬Ҹ⣬˽֮ʱԸƣʹ⵽شǣıʶڵġܵ˵ǲӦûѡģ
ҶĬ⽣ʱʵѡΪԷںڵ󣬷ƣ⽣ôˣ
ջ˼ҶǰҪջش˽
ջش˽
ΪҪջأ˽Ȼѡ㣬ھġ飬ˣˣĪҪӸ档
ҶһǹײģȻǰ˵ԣ뿪𣿡
֪Ϊô׹ǣ
Ҷҡͷ
̰ˣǱʲôޣ̰֮ġЩɫ棬ˣ뱻ţǷǰȫ֮ءȻЩˣЩޣɻǽˡ̰нҵ
Ҷǰ˵ʲô
֪˽⣿
Ҷ΢΢ͷ˵Ϊ˶Ը壡
˵û֪˽ζʲô
ҶЦЦǰҲ֪Ҳ֪ҲϲһЩĪеĶǿϣ⽣ңҿҡһ죬ˣʹҵıΥһ߸·
⽣Ҫȥɱ壿ػ壿
Զˣ
Ҷɲȥô
ĬãȻرģ
Ҷ֪˷ؾҪ飬ǰ뿪𣿡
˷ȷʵҪ飬飬Ҳκβң
Ҷ
мæʱͻȻ
ҶҪ˵ֵڴǧ棬һ壬塣壬û´ӦѾ˥䣬ȥ֮󣬰ҴЩȥ
ҶǰΪβԼȥ
ЦСӣ磬ǲпġͳ֮Ӧģڵ㣬ѾСͳ֮յĿģһǿɾǲˡս֮ˣ͸˳ʷ̨
˵˶٣ֵϧܶʱ򣬲Ҫ˳˾ͻ˳ġˣֻˣ˼ҲŻģ𣿵ǲ˳ң嶼ʧ
ͳ֮
Ҷһĸ֣ʲôͳ֮Ǹʲô⣿
ʱһöɫָҶǰȥ壬Ǿʲôˡ
Ҷûԥ˽ָܳȥضȥһ壡
Ҳ
ʱڻҲ޷ʲôһЩС⣬Ըһ
䣬һɫĳͻȻҶǰ
һλǿ߹ɣٶȣ˭˭֪
ҶĿǰϣڣǳ򱳲м䣬һɫͷıԵޱȡ
ʲôģҶʡ
ʥ˽ףԣ
Ҷԥ£Ȼҿȥԣ
Ȼԣʱȥ
Ҷǹײı˱ȭתȥ
ʱ֮ǰձ߳ǹײ·ˣūףһ壡Ǽľϣʮ꣬˾ͿԳΪĶ壡
ʱһͻȻڳ𣺡˾ʹֱʧɣ
ԣձɫ䣡
˭


1985 
ڵɽ֮Уž
ձ߻ܣ䱸ޱȡ
ԷѾˣʱײ֮дһ
ǣձʡ
Է岻ڴ˽磡ײ֮У
岻ڴ˽磡
ձͫȻһ˭

Ҷ뿪ɽ˿СУҶһӣǰҶָһһξѪû֮УѪմϣ΢΢һת˲ͷ˫֮ͻȻɭɫĻ档
ݣ
ֱӻһڹûҶü䣬ܿ죬ҶһԾ޴ĳǳ򣬱ҶҪһȦ
ᣡ
ҶʱĸооԼһǳǳᣬᵽоԼ塣
΢ҶͻȻֱӻһʧԭء
Ϣ
ɽͻȻһӣӱһɫľ޴
ӣҶ
·ɽҶһУ֮ɫٶȣ̫ˣٶȣ֮£Ѿ޵ˡ˵ǿߣǵõǿ߶ܻᱻһɱ
Ψһȱ㣬Щղһã֮һҲֱ־ã϶Щ׶˵ģ
ջ˼Ҷ·ɽ
˿̣ɽѾ޴ռ졣ɽܣҲ޵Ϣ
ûɽͣҶһʧԭء
Ҷҵ˰ˣҶнһ
ڸΣش
Ҷ΢΢ȻȣķӡʧȻǾ뿪
ͻȻҸղȥһ£ǿԼұߣǱûʲô⣡
ҶҡҡͷˡǾ⸽Ҫ֪ºǻҪɽǴġڴҸطúһ¡ӡʧǾͻɽ
Դˣûʲô顣
ɽ֮ѰһɽȣڼΪɽڡ
Ҷڵأڡ
һΣԼͻƵΡΪӡһʧʣ˶ʱͻ𣬶ҪɽĴ뿪϶ô׵ģ
Ĵ㣡
һεͻƲûʲôѶȣΪ֮ǰ޳ʱʵѾ൱ͻƵˡֻʱûֱӳ̣ϻ
ڣӵе㲻ãԣѡֱͻƵΡ
һҶ˳ﵽΡ
ֻһ֮ң
ͻƺҶʼںԼѧ˽һڣѾﵽ־磬˽һʵõһʵı仯ǣûг׽ڻա
ڵĵƣὣɱӰɱȻ˽һ˽һǽһ־磬ǣȴѧκνҪǿ˽һʩչὣɱӰɱһ¥
ҪľǽںϣԼӾ
ɱˣܶʱٶʽġ
һоͺã
ʱһһȥ
˿棬Ѿ츲صı仯
ԽԽޣˣ鳯ɽ۶Ҫ磡
ʱĺܿ죬ת۰¹ȥ
䣡
ͻȻ˶һ޴ըܿ죬أɽˮХŰû
֮⣬һЩط濪ʼѣҽԵص˳֮⣬һЩƵɽҲ𽥱
Ҫˣ
£Ѿˡ
ɽ֮С
ڵصҶͻȻ۾ΪܣЩɽʼڹѣڲ
Χ˹ǰЩ󣬰ٶȥ죬ͲˡǱǴ뿪
죡
Ҷվߣɽ
ɱȥشʡ
Ҷҡҡͷȥǽ
ǻ𣿡ش
ҶߵشǰشļȻ˲㽲ʱҽһ취ýϣţǸʱƽ͵úø㽲ģ
ش
ܿ죬һ˸ϻɽ˲ûֱӾɽЦˣЩġ
Ҷ棬ԼǱɽɽ
С
˿̣ڣʮˣȻЩȻ
Ϊ׵һŰ۵ߣУɫ
ɨһ۳УȻ˳һϣѪ󻹿ʹãǣҪ⴫ҪɽѾЩŪĸɸɾڣֻôɾʯ鵤⴫󣡡
Ѫǿ֣鵤С£ǣ⴫ܹ߶٣
ǿĬƬ̣ȻҪ뽫ȫߣǲˡû⣬ǣûôάת
˵⣬վ̧ͷʣЩҲ⿪ķҪǾܹǿ뿪ǣЩˣǰͲЩȫⰡ
ѪҲվǿ֣󷨣ҵЩ޴ͳȥɡ
㲻ߣǿ
Ѫ⣬ɽɽ£ޡЩãѪߣһ
һԣǿ࿴һѪһ˿塣
УҶҪȥʱѪͻȻɣ
ԣҶͫ΢΢һˣԷôģ
ûأҶ˴С
УĿҶϣû˶֡
ߣ
ѪһҶȻ֪㣬һѣʱƺһֻص㣡
ҶһѪȻĿĺܼ򵥣ҵ뿪硣ϣλи㣡
²Уһԣǹǿ൭Լ˶û취ȫ룬ڱˣ˰ɣ
ֻںδѪͻȻ
Ҷҡҡͷ֪Ů˵䣬ȷʵ֪ƣŮӦѾ뿪ˡ
ѪĬ
ҶҪɾʯҿṩһЩɾʯ뿪طķãΣ
ṩ٣ǿ
Ҷһ£Ȼ٣
ɾʯطѾһʷǳǳĲƸˣ
гĬ
ãǹǿͻȻЦȱɾʯ˸컹Щǵġ
䣬ͻȻǰһֱ̽ӳҶץ˹
ҶȻзһֱһ¡
һڳһ
أ
дһըըһ
ʱҶѾڴ֮С
ˣ
ڣǹǿɫѿ
ɽɽ£Ҷ̧ͷɽȻţһɫСԴʱð˳
Ҷָɽ⡣
˵ţߣǾʹҶߣС׸ǻ


1986 ߲ˣ

С۾һ£ϲˡ
ǰҶǲСģһض鷳ڣ鷳ʲôģѾˣ
㲻ߣǴҶߣ
õҶС建ڿն𣬺ܿ죬ᣬᵽһࡣСתͷҶһ
̫ˣ
ҶߣԺڴȥģνһºòã
Ҷ˵˵£С״Ӧˡ
СſСһϢɲǼ䡪
ɽʣʱСϯɽдʣ޼Сһ˵ֱӼˡˣɽһҲʧĸɸɾ
һ˿Ҳޣ
ɽ𶯣
ǿɽɽס
ʱҶѾС׿ˡ
ɽϿգǿɫޱȵѿԵѪɫҲЩѿ
ɽȻʣ࣬ǣСҲⰡȻⶼʧˡɽ˵һ
һûˣɽǴǳû취ˣôɾʯ鵤ȥ߶
ģУѪͻȻ
ǿض
ôģѪ
ǿҡҡͷ
Ѫһӣһöɽ˹ǿǰ鵤󷨣ȻҵһЩȴͳȥ
ǿ˵ͷá
䣬һʧԭء

ĳɽ֮УҶڵأڡ
ڣʱСڵϣܣһƬɾʯ֮࣡
Ǹղģ
ҶСգգۣȻһЦ
ҶߵСǰСױȻЦоô
ССצٻʾ
ڣĳɳкܴġ
ҶЦЦǰЩɾʯȻߣǼȥ
һһССһ˺Ȼɽɽ¡
ɽİɽһ޴Ĺ㳡㳡ɣ棬ÿһٿԴͰҡ˿̣ΧɢŵɫĹȦ
ϣ࣬Ҳޡ
ʼʱһڳ𡣺ܿ죬һһ⽫ڵްΧ
ܿ죬֮еЩ彥
ʱͻ
أ
ϵЩȻ飬֮еЩ֮䱻һ˳
Уס
ô£
ʱǹǿ˳Уɨһۣܿ죬ɫޱ
ûˣ
ղɾʯ鵤ûȫûˣ
һζʣ

Уǿŭһʧ˳С

ɽɽ£ҶС׼
˾ܣ
ܿ죬ҶСһȫĵطȻС׽˺
ɾʯһɾʯС׿³
ЩɾʯҶ˫ҲǷŹˡĻЩɾʯһ㶼ϡЩɾʯ޼֮رʱ
˻ϲ˳
ɽ֮С
ǹǿɫޱȵɾʯ鵤޾ģرɾʯߵɾʯ˵ҲǷǳǳȱġõɾʯ鵤Ѫƽ̯ģ
ṩɾʯͶߣ
ڣʧĸɸɾղŵ鵤ɾʯҲȫûˣ
Σ˵ǲóȥˣ
̸̸ɣʱѪͻȻʥ˽׵ĳڣڼԼٶȾͼ죬Ҷ׷ϡҪǣûôʱȥˡֻʱˡ
Эǿ֮Уһ˿ʣ
Ѫս֣üʮ뿪ѡȥʱ˵Щ࣬Щ޶߲ⲻЩģҲģף
˵⣬ѪѾЩ䡣
ǿĬãȻã̸
䣬ǿʧ˳С
Ѫ˫ۻɲҪˣʲôˣȻѾûġ

ɽ⣬ǿնԣѪ
ѪɨһܣȻɣ֪⸽
ûлӦ
УҶЦȥ֣ӵĻᶼûУ
ʱѪֵ㱣֤ǲ֣˵
ûлӦ
ѪѵôǺȥȥҶ߲ɣʲô¶̸Һг⡣
ãһӰѪǿ˲Զ
ӰȻҶ
ѪԣĿʵܼ򵥣ǴŰش뿪磬ơ
Ҷǹǿ˫۶ʱ΢
ѪһҶȻжˣ
ʮҶ
һʮöɾʯѪԸ⽻Ը뿪
öɾʯ
ò˵ҪЩߡ磬öɾʯһʾ޴Ƹ
Ҷûоֱܾӵ˵ͷãɽ
ɾʯط󣬵ǣһ뿪ط֮ɾʯûôˡǲ뿪Ƕʱڶɾʯʯͷ
ԣһ㶼û᲻á
ҶҲ裬һӣһöɽѪǰѪɨһۣУպöɾʯ
ѪһҶȻȥ̨
ҶתȥһᣬҶʹŰɽ
󴦡
Ѫߣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻˣߣ
أʡ
ҶЦҴߡ
£ߣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷǼɵң⣬й˼ɣʲôСûʲô塣ߣ
˵ʲôҶȴֵ㣬˵ȥԵЩˡ߰ɣ
ҶãȻ˵ͷ㣡
䣬תǴϡ
شߵҶǰҶ򣬡㣡ҪǲǾɱ
˵꣬Ҷ˵˾Ѿ˴̨ϡ
ҶѪѪһԵǹǿࡣ
ǿ΢΢ͷһӣɲǼ䣬
ܿ죬һ⽫˰ת˲ֱʧǴϡ
һĻҶжʱһ
ʱֳ˴̨ϣҸˣ
㣡
Ҷ͵תͷԵǹǿ࣬ѪҲŭĿӣʱһԵİͻȻ£˲ǳȥ
ˣ


1987 һ𵱣
ˣ
΢΢һ㶣ܿ죬뵽ʲôɫ
ʱѪ˵
˳ȻﵽĿռʱ⵽һȺΧԭ·أȻѾڿռ֮ˣ
ĻѪɫ˲
Ѫ˵ɫЩÿ
ȻѾ֪Էôͼˡ
˳ȥ
Ҫһ
ΪʲôҪôʱͻȻʡ
΢΢ҡͷһԵѪ˶ѪȻλӦ֪𰸡
Ѫ˫ۻɵǧЩ壬Ǽɵޡǳȥضǧĸ֣ɳģ޻࣬ʵǳЩߵģ˵ǳȥܲɵ𣿡
һ·һԣǿ
ѪЦЦǧ棬ѳɣǳȥضڵĸ֡ǲԸģԣõİ취ǲǳȥ
У˳Ĭ
ʱѪͻȻЦЦȻһԵĹǿ࣬ȥ֪ͨڰеЩ࣬Щ࣬һ鶼֪ͨǣȥɽ
ǿ롭
Ѫ΢΢ͷŽᣬҶ

һ䷿֮УڣֻҶˡ
Ҷһ۰ˣҲȥûǣɶġ
Ҫ˵ʱüͷͻȻģ˫۱˶簢Щ쳣֪˶ã۾յ˼Ϣ
ôҶʡ
ڳȥ棬ҵ˽Ӧң
ҲյˣʱھҲ
Ҳǣһԣ
ܿ죬˶ʾҪӦֻоûյ˼Ҷʮˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ˽Ӧͺãߣȥǳȥ
һȥھ
𣿡Уʡ
ھ촽˶գʲôҲû˵ΪϢǣֻһ˳ȥ
ǼΪȡֻһ
ϵһǣ
ھ˵꣬˫ۻܿ죬ǰĿռ΢΢˲֪˶ãھ۾û˵ɫЩ
Ѿ֪˴𰸣
У
һᣬҶվߣǳȥ
˵꣬Ҷ߳˷䡣
ܿ죬һǴǰʱ˿̣Щء
ҶЦֻȳȥѣò˶ãǾܼ档˵ţĿ˰ϣ㣬߰ɣ
ĬãȻ򵶿񣬡ߣ
㣿񲻽⡣
̧ͷɨһʣʣҰһƬ΢΢һЦһᣡ
Ҷ˵ʲôȴǰ˰֣Ѿ˵
Ҷһ۰ҡҡͷû˵ʲôΪ֪˵ʲôûã
ջ˼Ҷ򵶿Ҫ˵ȴȵҲˣ
˿򵶿񣬵ЦҲһᣡ
ϵôһ
ʱһԵھͻȻЦط˼꣬ôߣе᲻á԰Ҿһᣡ
Ҳˣ˱̬
ܿ죬һ̬ʾˡ
ǰھǣǾǣҶˣҪȥܾɱȥȻЩǿߣȻãǲҶ˹¾ս
ҶһˣȻҡҡͷûҪˣ
Ѿˣ
ҶҪ˵ʱһͻȻһȥ
˿Դ˵һӣ䡣
俴Ҷȥ
Ҷ΢΢ͷҪ˵ȴȵ֪ʱߣܲ壬ǳ塣˵⣬˫۱ֵǣȥ
ҶߵǰЦǲ㣡
۾УѾỨһûңҶ÷С˽ǣҼҵ䣬岢ͬһҿһڴﵽͬһǣ硣ڣѾﵽ
˵⣬˫Щһ죬ûȥΪҷ˵֮ǰûԼõĵصңڵԼ˫ģͷԼˡ
˵˴ˮѾ˳ңܶɼǲ֤ǱͻΪƷȥļԴȡЩ档
ȥʱһԵİͻȻɡ
ҶҲǵ˵ͷ𹼸ȥɡǣǻ𣿡
ɫЩʹ࣬ҲǶڴ˵س飬һӶԭԼ
˵ʲôһԣھһܲ˵õģʲôг飿ܳʲô飿ѽͱˣϽȥȥ𹼸˱һƬġ
ΧҲǷ׷׵ͷ
Ҷֵ֮䣬ҲҪģֽûʲôˡңΪǣӵ飬ֵܲĻһˣ
ʱҲˣϽȥһˣʬͽˣ
ԣ˽ɫһڣ㣬Ҳ֪˵õģ
仹˵ʲôҶȴֱץסļһ䶪Ǵϡ
ܿ죬һ⽫һᣬֱʧǴϡ
ʱҶˣ㣬Ĳߣ
΢΢ҡͷ
Ҷ㣬ûҪˣǡ
ʲôʱôˣͻȻ
Ҷ
˵߾ͲˡҪߣһߡ˵ʵ΢
ҶЦЦ˵ﻰ
ߵҶǰǲЩһ¾սѣһ𵱣ҪߣһߣҪǾһ
ҶԣشЦ˵Ķԣطӣһ־ͬϣǾԵڣҶֵͬܡߣߣĻһ
һԣھҲ԰֣ھͱȰˡ룬ôŴһȥ
ҶɨһˣĬãЦãҾͲܹסֵܣһɱȥ
һɱȥ


1988 ˵ţ
ɱȥ
ҶȥǾֻһ취ɱȥ
ɱһѪ·
ʱһӳҶǰɨһҶˣĿҶϣӣѪ룡
Ҷ΢΢ͷϵ
ӵ˵ͷתȥ
СЩҶԣ
ҶЦİɣһɱǴҾûϣˡǹǿ໹ѪҶûô
˵꣬ҶһʧԶ
ԣش㣬Щһǲеˣ
Ĭ
شֵһΣܹɱȥǿҲΪͨˡҿܻҪ塣
ˣһԣھͻȻ
ڣ
شЦЦʲôֻҪӹǿǰϼһͲķңʱǻӻȥġ
΢΢ͷֻҪǿûеˣΪû˸ĵˣ
ˣ
ʱش뵽ʲô˵汻׷ɱ
˵ͷ

شҡͷ־Ȼܹð׷ɱ
֪Ϊα׷ɱ𣿡ʡ
Ĭһ˲Ȼ˾Ľ
סܿ죬شݣõʱүûи֣ȻүڿѾڵ˯ˣ
ԣ˽ҡͷһЦ

С
ڣΪ׵ѪѪԲԶǹǿࡣڴڣҶһЩϤӰ
ǧģĪ񷣬˶ڣ
ҶĪ΢΢һЦһк
ҶͷӦȻߵһһλ
ʱѪվȻλѾ֪˴ʱ״ϻҾͲ˵ˡֻһ취ǾɱȥЭһɱȥ
˿϶Ҳ뵽һ㣬Ǳضɳǿߣһԣ˵
Ѫʲôǿߣɶˣ˵һΪûѡֻɱȥ˵λһ𣡡
гĬ
һᣬͻȻ̸̸
Ѫ΢΢ҡͷѾԹˡԷ̬ȺԣҪһ𣡡
Ǿֻսˣ˵
һԣĪ΢΢˵ͷλ˵ĶԣѾûбѡֻһ·ߣǾɱȥǿɱȥ
˵⣬Ī񷿴ѪǿΪҽǴʱѪͳ졣ûһͳ죬Ǿһɢɳ޷濹⣬ҾΣ
Դˣ˲ûʲô塣
ѪȻûг֣ǣʣǳǿߡ
ѪҲûѣվɨһ۳ˣȻҵļƻǣҴһЩ˽봫ڴһٳһռ䣬Ȼ˴͵Ǹռ֮УǸռ˾ս
ļƻ˽Ǳʾû顣
Ѫû飬µ˵ͷȻĪ֣֣֣Сһȥٿռ䣡
С֣
Уס˭ܿ죬е˿һԽ֮еҶ
ҶѪһĨ죬û뵽ѪȻһȥ
ѪЦСӦûɣ
Ҷҡͷû⣡
ھ̣Ѫ
˵꣬һֱʧԭء
һԵĪǧĻǹǿҲ֮ʧ˵УҶ룬ȻһҲʧ˴С
ǰ
ѪλǵʵҪӳȥᶼܴ󡣵ǣλһˣλԼһ˰ɣ
ȻĪЦҶҲڴ˵أ
Ѫ΢΢ͷȻ߰ɣ
䣬˽˴֮Уܿ촫ʧ˴̨ϡ
ܿ죬Ҷ˽˿ռ֮С֪˶ãѪͣɨһܣȻѾԶһӵ·̣ԣɣ
˵ţ˫ֻ̧ɲǼ䣬ΧĿռҲܿ죬Ѫ˫ֳǰһƣһƣǰĿռͻȻеĿռԽԽ
֣ʱѪͻȻ
ǹǿ˵ͷ˫ֳһƣһƣߵĿռֱͬʱһԵǧҲʼ֡
ҶһܣȻôٿռ䣿
УתͷһҶ
Ҷʼ磬ᰡ
Ѫ΢΢һЦܼ򵥣ǴڵĿռƵԼǱߵĿռĿռͻ󡣡
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˫ֳһ
䣡
еĿռֱӾһضɽҡ
ʱѪתͷһҶ㣡
Ҷ
һԣǿֱӽռ𻵣ʱ鷳ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷˣ
˵ĺ֮£ΧĿռԽԽ󡣶ʱͻֻԶĪͻȻջ˫֣ȻһһʧԶ
ˣ
ס
һᣬһԣѪû뵽ԼӶҪ˰
ѪԣǿӣֻҪţҪپж١ǣˣڶʲôá
ѪҲǡˣǼ
Լʱ󣬳еĿռѾнʮɳ
֡
Ѫ߰ɣ
ʱǿռͷͻȻһһߵĿռ俪ʼҲһᡪ

һĲҽͻȻǾͷ
һݣĪģ
ˣ
Ŀܻң
УĬһᣬѪǱߵ˱ĻҪǿ
˵⣬ͫȻһˣ
˳ԶȥһߣռҲܿ죬һӰԶ˼
һᣬһɫ׵ӳ˵ǰ
ɨһҶˣȻȥ
ѪͻȻǰ̤һȻһȭ
أ
˻δӦǽӱѾǧɿ⡣ӸһͣϵĿֱӱ鿪ͬʱڽǳһĨѪ
ĨĨǵѪȻѪ
ѪȥЩˣˣֻֻ˶ѡ·һǴҾʯ٣
䣬Ѫתȥ

ЦЦȻλ棬ǰγ
Ѫͣ˽Ų
ֵѪ·ûУͿԸԸˣ˾ʣѪԸ˸˾˾λ֮⡪
˵⣬ͻȻָԶҶ˾Ҫɱ֮ˣɱȻ˾˾ض
ˣ
ʱһͻȻڳ
Ѫ˫΢΢һУڣһĨһ
ͻȻ
ڽǰվһӣһԺɫ
ӣҶ
ʱҶеĽǽӵĺ
Ҷֳǰᶥ˶Ȼ˾ضô˵˵ţ


1989 Ϳһս
Уž
Ҷû뵽Ѿɳ̶ֳȣϧվһ棬Ҫˣɲ塣
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ʣһģ
䡣
һ
ͣ
Դֱӷ˳ȥѪ
գҶһԵѪڴ˸ղŵĻô
Ѫ壬ȥūţ
䣬תʧԶ
ԭأҶʼ磬һҲʧԭء
ɽڡ
ѪվλһһսǻͿһս

֮УҶڵأܣǰˣǰöɾʯ
ҶҪסһ㣬ǵĿӳȥҪɱˡɱڶˣûӳȥһ嶼ûСѪǱߣҲΪȥƴ
ûӣǴ򲻹ˣش
ʹ򲻹
ǰ֮еǿߣôǿ֣϶и󷨣ȫ׼ޣȻʵܲǣǲִټϣûʲôԡ˵ô򣿡
ʱҶҪģֻд򣬲л·ǣǵҪĿǴһ·ЩǿߣЩˣֻҪлᣬǻԥѡԣǱҪз֮ģõʱΪ˵Ʒ
˵ͷȻûӳĻأ
ҶǾֻɱˡʱͶɱ׬ɣ
ԣնʱЩ
ҶվȻ߳˷䣬һۿȥʱɽǿŴǱ߾ۼ
ʵǶֻţʱҶԣ
Ҷ㣬˵˵ЩˣΪҪնɱأ
в棡
ֻвǲôģϾ˿ɶʲôߡԣвӦû棬ð嶼Ķ棡
棿Ҷкö
Ǵ棡
룬棬ѳɣǧѾϷ֣ڶôôˣζǵҪϷֳ
˵⣬ЦЦԴԴĶΪԴǿߡ˵Դһ壬һӡ
ҶЦЦʲôأ
һҶΪôʡ
ҶЩ棡
ܻųȥͻ֪ˣ
ųȥ
ҶһǶųȥģ

峿
̨
ʱĴ̨ܣѾۼǿߡǿУΪ׵ѪѪԣҶˡ
˶ڿѪ
Ѫɨһ·Ⱥλϣܹ̫
䣬һӣ󣡡
ܿ죬
ѪҶǧĵˣǴͷ󡣡
䣬һǴϡҶҲûԥ׷һǴϡܿ죬ϵҶʧ
ҶʧΧЩ׷˴̨ǿԴԴϽ봫֮С

Ҷ˺ܿѪٳһƬռ䣬Ѫɨһܣûзʲô
ԴԴϵ޴
һʱѪѾۼ˽ʮޡУǿߡ
ʱѪվȴɣ
䣬Ҫ֣ʱһͻȻ˵ǰԶ
Ѫͣ
ɨһѪˣ֮ˣһȻȽս
ʱѪͻȻǰߵǰת˲һȭ
䣡
ǰֱӱһȭ䵽ǧɿ⡣
Ѫջȭͷūţǰ㣬ԸǶˡϡ
ԶǰĨĨǵѪȻȻˣǾͶȥɣ
£ֱʧԭء
Ѫ˫ָ󣬡߰ɣ
䣬ֱӻһ׹⳯ԶȥԣҶ˽š
ܿ죬Ѫͣܣһ޴İɫȦЩȦһһܻתš
󷨣
ͻȻЩȦһ׹ʧԭأٴγʱѾҶȺ֮Уһ˲䣬ֱӱЩȦȦиƬ
Ѫ֣
䣬ֳǰһ̽Ȼ͵һץ
䣡
ԶɫȦֱըѿ
ҶҲǷ׷׳֣ܿ죬ЩɫȦȫʧǣһΣǧʧ
Ѫɫޱȣ
ʱһͻȻԶѪֻǿʼ
£һӳǰܣͻȻһɫ׵ʿպһ򡣶Ҷ˵ܣһЩǿߣЩǿ֮Уħ壬壬壬塭
ߵѪԶ£˾֮һѪǲǲ֮֮䣬ֻȭͷǽ˾Ը⸶һȡ޵
ѪЦЦ˾ۿ϶ܴ󣬲ȻЩһǲôģ𣿡
µǵ¡Ѫ˾Ҫūţ塣ѪǼʹӳȥȥδ
ȥδ
ѪĬ⣬޿ɲһ㣬к֮ܶ࣬Ǹȥδȥ壿ǾԲеġȥ壬͵һЩս
ʱֵѪǧ棬ûǵλáǣֻҪԸ⣬ǵλã˾ѾһޣʺǾסǣҲūţƽȵġ˾ĳŵ
ѪһЩѾĶ
Ѫ˫ۻ˾Ҫʲô
Цܼ򵥣ϣ¼֮干ˡ
Ѫ΢΢ͷˡ
µѪ˾㡣ΪñЩޣ˺ܴĴ۲ðݡȻʵڲ壬Ҳûϵ˾˵ˣǿ󡣡
Ӱ
ãѪתһȺЩޣǸġ
ģʱͻȻ
ģź
Ѫ΢΢һЦȻתͷ£ãҴӦˣ
ЦˡʱһԵҶѪ˾Ҫɱ֮ˣպߣβɱԴʾ˾ĳ⣿
ѪתͷҶ޶תͷҶ


1990 ûˣ
ɱҶ
ҶΧΧ˹ɫ˽䱸
ѪĬ
ʱֵѪ붯𣿡
Ѫ£֪㲻ڷֻǣ
ЦѵһģӮԼȺ޽šǶ䣬ˡֱԣǾɱȥǣǧǰ£ܶ㵽ȥ
ѪٴγĬȻЩԥ
ãѪ̧ͷ£Ц֪ڹʲôģ˾ʥһԾŶʳԵ顣ңѾչʾĳˡڣѪչʾĳˣ
⣬ɱҶ
ʱѪԵһλͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶͷһ̣͵ضҶһġǿֱõҶΧĿռѿ

ʱͻȻһŭ͵سϾһҡ
أ
ֱӱһҵĵ˳ȥ
а
ʱҶЦѪû뵽һѣһ̾Ѿɵˡ
Ѫ޳
޶ֵһ̣ζ£Ѿû˿תˣ
仰Ѿǵڱ̬ˣ
ҶɨһܣĿϣû뵽˾أ
˾
Ц֮У嶼ڵ㡣Ȼ׼ȷ˵ǵеĽӵвӵеĶǻġ
𣿡
ҶЦЦԣ
¿һԵѪ
ʱѾӿʱ׼ս

һԣһͻȻ˹
˿ȥֻԶһߣߵ˰ǰԶһȥ
Ҷ˿壬Ҳߣ
߿ɬЩ飬ǲܲ͡Ǽδ㲻ԼǣҲӦɣĸףĵܵܣ
˫ֽգ˫ۻʱߣһӶԭԼ壬ȥСӣԺĵӾͿˣ
廹˵ʲôȴǰ˰֣Ѿ
弱ˣͻȻ뵽ʲôһԵҶλСѣǼδĶǼʵǲʧСѰæȰȰ
ҶҪ˵ʱһԣһͻȻ֣Ŀֱ˲Զشϣŭشӹ
شһӣһ˿ɵȴҡҡͷϵһβˡ
˵ʲôӴŭ
شָԵҶˣϵֵǶ⣬ҹȥ
ɫȴЩ£ܲͣ
شҡҡͷҲЩֻ֪죬Ҳߡ˵Ҫߴһߣ
ӿشãȻҪף㲻ֵܣϵףм塣
شĬ
ʱҶͻȻЦȥɣ
شҶҶԼµ£޹أǲǣ
޹أ
شЦЦô޹أһͱ˵Щˣ죬ҪߴҾһߣҪҾһ⡣˵⣬һԵӣϵѾˣȥɣ
ش棬˫ۻⲻТӣ
شЦû취ЩǱҪȥģ
û˵ҡҡͷȻתȥ
У˳ҪҶ뿪ȻҶûһ뿪
Ǻǣ
һԣЦҶû뵽㾹Ȼôֵܡ˵⣬ѪѪѡʱˡ
УѪĬϢͻȻҶվһȭ
һȭҶֱӱǧɿ⣡
Ѫδ֣ͣǰһ̤Ҫٴγ֣ʱһ⳯ٶȼ죬գۼѾǰ
ѪûжֱӾһȭ
䣡
Ҷǵ˲仯ޣ
һȭҶĽѪǰ̤һնҶһƣһɿֲ˲Ҷǰ
ҶһһУת˲Ҷ˫Ž͵ؾһ
أ
Ѫǹ˲䱻ɢҶȴǳɵľ롣
ͬʱҶǣһĨѪ
ѹƣ
ʵѹƣ
ȻҶѪѹƵģǣޱȡ
ҶֻΰѪǿߣ
ԶɫЩҶĳɳٶȣʵ̫ˡҶɳȥδض˾СǱĳţ˵ĺã
ҶǰѪһĨӣĻҪ㣡
ҶĨĨǵѪĻҪǿ
Ѫü۵ʹ£ΥģǣΪЩһұѡ񣡡
䣬ǰһֱ̤ӹĳҶǰת˲ֱӾһȭ
һΣҶûж˫Ž͵ؾһ¡
ʣҶһα˳ȥѪҪٴγ֣ʱԶҶͻȻʧԭء
УѾ޷Ҷ
Ѫͫ΢΢һһȭ
أ
һըѪֱӳɵľ롣
һĻشס
εǿߣ
Զ˫ֻѾ׼Գˣ
УѪһԼģģһĽۣѼ׹ǡ
Ĭһ˲Ѫ̧ͷԶҶʱҶѾʧԭء
˽һ
һ֮ǰһ죬ǿҶ֮ռֱӱ˺ѷ鿪
ѪУһĨأ
ȫһ߸ӵеս
Ѫջ˼һֽճȭȭϣ˸ɭĺâһ̣͵һȭǰ
ͣ
Ѫǰռֱ
䣡
ͻȻһըܿ죬һӰ󵹷˳ȥӰҶ
ѪҲɵľ룡
Ҷһ˲ԶͻȻʧԭأʱǰ뵶ͬʱҶǰ֣
䣡
ը𣬰뵶ֱӱ˳ȥУ˿оѪ硣
¿ǿߣ
Ķ֣
¿һǱȥİˣȻԶҶһٴγҶȥ
ɱҶ
ڵ뷨ȥԷб䣡
ԶҶҪ֣ʱȴٴµǰǣȴ־˳ȥ
һΣûڳ֣˰ˣȻҾͳȫǣ
䣬˫һУɲǼ䣬⳯Ű˼ȥ
ԶҶһҪ֣ʱѪͻȻҶǰ
Ҷ˫˲ѪиôѪұضЩɱ⣡
ѪĬһ˲Ȼûˣ
䣬һʧԭء


1991 
ҶɫҪ֣ʱ
ݣ
һƿͻȻңԶĿռͷܿ죬һ˵УԽԽֱָѪ
һĻѪʱͣϮһȭǵ⡣
䣡
һ˾㵵Ŀ֮УѪֱӱǧɿ⡣
˷֣ȭͷѾá
ѪǰԶһɫİӡ
磿
Ҷüͷܿ죬ǽɫԣһȫɢŻĺӡ

磬ôˣҶ㵵
ʱҲͣʱɫޱȵѿѿļɵȻ֪ӵݡ
ɨһܣĿԶԲԶһȺϣȺ͸ߴȻ
ӣȺȻηޱȣ׷׵ͷ֮ӣ
ͻȻ
Ⱥû˿ķϻתߡ
ʱתͷҶˣ
ңҶ⡣
ӵҪæԸȥһˣ
ҶɨһܣȻæͷȻڲȥǾǴ
΢΢ͷߣ
ʱͻȻ˺ǰԶ¿һۺӣ£˾Ҫˣ¡
˾
˫΢УΣ
ɫһƺ֮Լ
ӵؽ磿
ƿԣΪطϸ˵ĵؽ硣
ʱֵؽ磬Ҫʹף
ɫޱȵѿǣȴûи˵ʲôǰλ壬ǰɶûǵġҪ֪ʹǷңǰλƿսο壿
û£ǿҶ߰ɣ
ҶָָԶİˣǸһߣæ
ӿһ۰ˣȻߣ
һۺӣл˵ţһԵҶأ
ҶЦҲǡ
˵ͷʱҾһۣ
ãҶ
ҶӵĿ£˴ҡȥûһ˸һԵɫޱȵѿڴĴ

󣬰ȫȥҶһԵѪˣҶˡպ㣡˵꣬ӣ߰ɣ
΢΢ͷһӣҶֱʧԭء
УЩء
»ѪɫЩѿҶ츳ѾˣһĿֲҶɳȥһв
ղžҶõʱ򣬵ǣû뵽·ɱӣ
ǷŻɽ
У³ĬãȻ÷ǳֶˣ

뿪ҶӴ塣
·ϣҶ磬һֱң
ӵ˵ͷмҪæ
£Ҷʡ
ӵ֪ܿˣ
˵꣬ٶȼӿ졣Լһʱ󣬺ͣҶɨһܣʱǴһɽ֮ϣԶһ޴ٲٲɡ
ͻȻ̧ͷ֪֮ʲô𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ӵ𣡡
Ҷ⣬ʲô˼
ӵЩǿˣԳΪǾԼذ֮ϡ
⣬Ҷ׺˵˭ˡӦþǵңңһǸʲôң
ӵǰʧЩʼңҲǵͳ֮ͳ֮ڲ֮ⲿ֮ǣҪվӡңң壬ң
ңҶһۺӣ磬㲻ҵİ
һĨм飬ƾʲô߸ϣҪǣֻԼ
ҶȻҿʼ֣𣿡
ӵ˵ͷ˵˵⣬ҶһѰ㣬æ
ʲôæҶ
תͷ··ֻͿľԳʱ⼸ͷԳڿźӡ
ӵտһ꣡
Ҷ㵡
̧ͷʣΪҪҳ͵ϮҵԳɽһսȻɱ˷ˣǣԳҲʧءЩԳԳ
˵⣬һеĽɫڣѾ׻ָңҲΪǵ鸶ˡҪȥ磬ǣҲǣ
ҶһЩԳܿ죬ɫһڣ磬Щ£һЩһǿ
ӿҶӦ˿ǶֱһΪֹ
Ҷҵ˼ǣǱҪչ˰
΢΢ҡͷǲóĶǣ뿪֮Уضǵ⡣ЩǺԳһԴȥ
ҶĬƬ̣ȻҪȥң
ӵ˵ͷ
а𣿡Ҷʡ
ЦûҲҪȥӺܰģȻǿǣѾɲλ֮Ҳɱҡ
ҶЦЦ磬Ҿ㻹е嶯ˡ
ӿҶͬˣ
Ҷ⡣
ӵܲðίҲǣΪҪί˲ʹ죬ΪҪʹ죿
ҶĬ
ӵ֮УΪΪУôһѣڣѾû˵Գ֮УǱġ
˵⣬ҶСӣʶãԸͶʵʵ˵Ѱʵλ档ûܻϣܹͶ㣬Ͷ㣬ǵͶңеҵıӻǻӦûģ
ԭˣ
ҶĬһᣬȻ磬ҴӦˡһæտǣһ֮ûлһ뿪ģҲǣҲᱣǣ
ԣʶ̣ܶΪԸԵʣһʣ˵֮ҲΣյʱ鲻һ󰡣
ںҪȻ岻ݴǣ
ӿҶãȻҶ򣬡У֮񣬳ҲΪ֮ʹңҲҪСġЩǿǱԴˣǱ㣬㣬ǣûǱǱκ˶ʵпᣡ
Ҷ˵ͷҼˣ
΢΢һЦȻ̧ͷʣҪɱңǾҪɱңǾɱ񣡡
䣬һͻȻֱʾͷ


1992 Ҷ
ˣ
ԭأҶĬ֪ӻ᲻ŻǷҵʵǺǣܹ
ֱӿ϶ܹŻ
ջ˼ҶһһȺԳǰ
ȺԳֻвֻǣʵȴǺǿΪ׵ͷɫԳġ
ʱǺɫԳߵҶǰҺԳɣԳɽ¶
ɫԳЩԳҲǷ׷׵ͷ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻ帽ĸв
ԳһƬɽһλֱǱߵĲʮ֮
ԳϵΣҶʡ
Գҡҡͷ
Ҷ
ԳģһڣûκԳɽһ֮ûлʱܶǵĵˡܹ壬ûеˣ
һ꣡
Ҷתͷɨһܣܣããɽ޾һ󣬺ҪûлûɾʹˡڴҲÿš
ջ˼Ҷһĵط
ǺԳ΢΢ͷȻԶǷٲһӣɲǼ䣬ٲм߷˿
Ҷһٲ֮
ٲ֮󣬱ж죡
ɽڣһܶϣʯͷ˸ŵĹ⡣
ǳ
ʺУ
Ҷڵأ˺ڡ
ɱ
ɱѾɱڣ׼ʼоɱΪľѾ㹻
νĵɱѾʽ֮ɱˣ֮˵޾վڴϣͿ޾Ȼ޾ǰܹ֧ţ
ңȡ֮ӶᣬӶᣬһп⵽֮鷴ɡ
֮һеɱܴ󣬵ǣҲе
ҶоһᣬѡӶֻ֮ҪƵӶᣬͲǺܴ
ʱһһȥת۰ȥҶûгÿǷоɱĵɱ˱ɱԼὣɱӰɱҲõ˼
֮ϣҶֽ
֪˶ãҶµĴͻȻܿ죬֮糱ˮ۵Ҷϡһ˲䣬Ҷͱ֮š
ɱ
£Ҷֱӻһʧԭءǧ⣬ͻȻ˿ת˲һ˳ת˲ǧʣһ޴Ŀӣ
ǸλãǱ˺һ㡣
֮ȾҪΪһ壬Ȼܹʩչⱬһ
Ҷһ£һԵǿߣǵõǿ߶кܴв㲻ɱԷǣҪֵõǿ߻ǿԵġ
ǣڵõ֮ϵǿвûôˣ
ɱὣɱӰɱǿ߶ûʲôв
û취̫֮ͣǰܹһѪпˡڵľܹɱǿߣδҲֲ̫Щ
˽һ϶ǿ߿ܻһвǣвҲô
Ľ뽣ǿ̫̫֮͡κﶼֲġ
磡
Ҷֻһ
ĶΣһŵνŵǸоָоޱȣǷܹﵽġǣľϵһ

Ҫﵽֻܿǲеġ
ʱҶǿʼڵأʼ
ڽ뽣Ѿﵽ۷壬Ҫͻ磬ԼʵŻһ¥
ǿ﷦ζģҲµġ
ڣѾȥһꡣȻ棬һҡ
һڣǧ淢顣ȣ˾ͻȻһͨ
ͨͨˣҶҶ塣佱ǳǳķʥ˽׵
ʥ˽
ĶˡȥĴѰҶȴǺ١ر֮£·򣬵ǣ˾˸ߵͣζţҪɱǸҶԲʲô򵥵ˣ
ˣĶȴжǣҲ⡣
Գɽλ֮͡
һλӣӴԼʮ꣬һϮưɫۣ䱳󣬱һŽһλһλӣվ벽λãȻΪס
ӿһԶƵԳɽȻ壬Ϣ׼ȷ𣿡
΢΢ͷյ鱨ڱλߺ󣬾˴˵ء
λأʡ
Цүλ𣿡
ӵأ
ЦүģλѾԳɽȻڣԯҲҪη塣ǧ棬壬Ĵң˭ԯһӣ
ԯң
֪⣬϶ޱȡΪңһҡԣң壬Ĵңûĸӣ
֮ԻˣΪԯʵǿ֮⣬һԭǾԯһˡ
ԯۣ
ͳҴˣ
ЦЦԯܲһӳϱɣ
ӳȻ
һһܣȻǽףǸûعԯˣ
ԣԥ£ȻүԣԸԯңȻãǣԸ⣬򲻿ǿ󡣲ȻԯҵʵҪ˾黹ףʲô¡
˾
ЦЦһ洫еļһˡЦǣ⽣׾ȻҲԸ˾ʥ֮кܴˮְ
ӳү˵˾ϵ죬үղŵĻǴ˳ȥүܲңүպҪ̳м֮⣬͸Ĵˣ
ЦȻף壬ҾǶ˵˵ѣԱˣҿɲᡣ
΢΢ͷΣСЩΪá
ӵĻҼˡ˵ţɨһܣȻöԷɣ
ӵ˵ͷҽ͵һ塣
أ
ɲǼ䣬Գɽһ
ܿ죬һͷ޴Գӵǰ޴ԳĿϣĿⲻơӵΪԳɽ
ӵҶһ
Ҷ
ԳüͷλԳɽ
ӵ֪
ԣԳ񽥽֪ǰ˭ǣʱûκһ˸Գɽʢˡ
뵽⣬ԳʱЩˡ
ʱͻȻָһ㡣
ˣ
ǱͻȻ˳ȥһ̣ԶԳɽɽֱӱһ롣
ֱǺԳҶ𣿡


1993 
ԳɽӲȥһ룡
Գɫ˲Գ˵ܴ衣Ҫ֣ʱͻȻóһɫƻ˻ΣʵɫС֣ԯ
ԯ
Գ㶣ܿ죬ɫЩѿԯҵģ
ӵǡԣҶɡԳɽ֣֮
ԳҪ˵ʱһһԴң
תͷȥֻԶһӻ
ӣȻҶ
ԳԣӴһҶȻЦЦŵ˵ţԵӣ壬鱨󰡣
ӳӦǸͻƣ
ӵ˵ͷȻҶҪ˵ʱҶָָԶԳɽģ
Цǣô
ҶҡҡͷȻа취ԭ𣿡
΢ƣЦЩ䣬ƺûУ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭءУˣֻһϸëĽһ
쵽£
Ҷһ̣һԵɫǲȻһ䣬ΪһѾǰǿģǸܵǿĽ
Լǰһ
ȻҶһ쵽£ǣҲͨˣֻеĺɫŽ֪ʱѾʧУת˲һϯ
ˣ
У˻ݺᣡ
Ϣ
нʧˣҲʧˡҶңңԣʮɵľ롣
ӿԶҶ΢ƣǰ潣ǻҡ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
뽣ĺһ
һʱ˫۶ʱԲУ֮ɫ
ţ
ǿʲôֲһ㣡
Сģʱӻعͺ
ӷӦ죬˫еĹŽǰһÿһؼĿռ䶼Ϊ֮һȻӾĿ֮Уȴǲϱһسˡ
Ϣ
أ
ֱӷ˳ȥһɣ˽ǧɣһͣһӱѾǰת˲һӻδعǰѾӵü䣡
һ˲䰲
Ҷ㽣ȻѾﵽ̶ֳȣ
ҶһԶǱһȥԳɽȻһ飬ûа취ԭ
ͻȻЦˣҶ֪˭
ͣ
һֱֱֻӷ˳ȥѪȪˮѪޱȣ
һĻһԵɫ˲˵ҶͻȻתͷ죡
Ҷ֪Ǻˣˡ
ͣ
ʱҶǰһֱֻҲ˳ȥ
Ȼֹ
ɫ֪ڡ
ͣ
ʱһֱֻӷ˳ȥѪ̼Ⱦա
һ£Ӳ˵ʲôˡ
Ҷתͷǰӣһ飬ܲԭ
ӿҶãȻܣ
Ҷ˵ͷǾɣ
ҶĻһԵӴ󾪣æҶԯҵүضΪԳ
ԯң
Ҷüͷ΢壬һԵĺԳԳǧһ֮ƣ
һң
ҶЦЦôʱҶеĽͻȻӵü䣬Ƥܿ죬Ѫ̼䣬ѾһѪ
һ̣ЩˡǰҶĸɱ
һԵҲЩˣҶɱԼүɱҶҲһ
ʱһͻȻԶɽԯҿ޸
תͷȥһʹԼʮ꣬ηվ˿˾Ųۡ
ɫʱ԰Ҷ֣Ѿʼˡ
Ҷһգ棿
ߵҶǰԶ΢΢̧ɲǼ䣬ʮ֮⣬һɽͻȻεض𣬺ܿ죬ɽԼٶȳԳɽ
һᣬҶ˿Զߣ֪ʱһɽ
ʵĴɽ
ʱŮһС˵Ŀ֮УɽͻȻȥһ룬ʱŮһӣһĴɽֱԳɽɽ
պغϣûаΥ͸У
ҶĬŮ˵ʵһǿ
ϳϣ
ʱӲҡ
ŮûйӣǿһԵӣԯҵĹأ㲻֪𣿡
ͨ
ֱӹϳϸһĹµĻᣡ
᣿
Ůˣ
䣬ŮһӣԴֱӷ˳ȥ
ضûУ
ӣǵõǿߣ
һĻһԵɫӲ԰ˡ
ʱŮӿӣӾҪ£ȴǱһţûйȥ
ŮӵүԳΥԣǿжὣ㸸׶ԯй⣬ǣӡ˿㲻ԯүȥ֮ǸԯͷΪĺǣɱ㣡
ӲϳϣôֻҪԯҵĽѣ룬ΪҲΪԯң
ŮûлشӣǿҶλСѣԸǽһ
ף
ҶûоܾһӣֱŮǰ
ǰĽףŮһĨ֮ɫү֪֮󣬴˽ԯΪβʹãǽӡһ֪˽˾ʱԯҪأǣȴûô
ҡͷ
ʱŮתͷӣΪ˽˾ʧ𣿡
ʲô˼ӳ
ŮЦЦתͷǰĽ˾ţ˴˽⣬ԣ˽Ȼһλôõһȥ׷ɱ
⣬Ҷüͷ
ŮָһǱصҶǰСѣԯҶ㲢޶⣬λѰСѣԯұ⡣ղ֮ԣԯҶСѵ⳥
ҶĬ
ʱŮЦСѻ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷڣֻǾãƺûǸҪô
ŮЦȻСѲҾͷˡ˷飬ʹ˽ҹСΣ
ҶһŮӣȻɣ
Ůӵ˵ͷȻתʧԭء
ϢŮӴӳһɽ֮ϣŮ˫ۻһûı⣬ʧǰ
ӿһŮӣû˵תʧʡ
ߺŮӳĬãȻ¾Ǻˣ
ĬãһͻȻڳ𣬡


1994 ʵΪ
ɽ֮ϣŮӾվš
֪˶ãһ߳Ůǰ
Ů΢΢ҡͷԷѾȥ
ˣʡ
Ůӵ֪ʵѾﵽʥ˾ԷȻҶйأ
߳Ҷˣԯҵ˵ƷԣʥǾǡ
Ůӵ˷ѽˡҲζԽԽѰˡ
䣬̧ͷʣԯҵ͵ô꣬µľǻΪĴҵƷڿܻǶ㲻ȥ˰Щ飬ģվҪģ
ߵԯҺξ֮
Ů΢΢һЦҲǣ

Գɽ
ѾﵽҶǰԳʡ
Ҷ˵ͷʱĲѾδﵽŵһĿõ˵ʵ˲֪١
ҪɱǿߣѶȣǣҲ֮ǰǰ㱻ǿߵˣ
ڵǿߣѾһս֮
ղˣԯҵģʱԳͻȻ
ҶԳô
ԳԯңǧһңڣҲǡҵĵ̣
ԯң
ҶһеĽʱԳ֮ԯԯ۵Ľԯֳִ˽ڰ֮Уʵ˵ܱȣ
ҶҪ⽣
ԳҡͷһʼҲ룬ڿǲûҪջش˽뷨Ѿ¶Ҫȥܱܣ
ܱܣ
ҶЦܣ
ԳĬҶǧ棬ǹ˶Ҫģ
ҶûкϢ
Գ΢΢ҡͷһĨǡ
ҶĬһᣬȻڲŹ£оµʱ䣬ʱڣӦûô£ڼ䣬뿪һˡ
Գ˵ͷֻҪţûҶԳɽ
Ҷ£ʱϵңұضȫϵ˵ء
䣬Ҷһʧʾͷ
ԳʾͷĬ

ƶ֮УҶС
һΣĿĵأ塣϶飬ûǡڣʱ彻϶ˡ
СӣҲ÷ֱˣ
ʱҶһ
ҶͣҶǰһӡӣǺ䡣
ʱĺ䣬Ѿ׻ָ
ǰҪ壿Ҷʡ
˵ͷңָʵҲָص壬Ӧûʲô˸Ҵҵˡ
Ҷ˵ͷǰȥ
ãҲмæ
ʲôæҶ
΢ƣԭĵ̣ƺһУҵȥҪԷʶȤȻԹԽ룬ԷӦòô
ҶЦǾɣ
ЦҲôģ
ʧԭء
壡
Ҷ˹ɽɽĵ̡Ҷһ̣Ŀֱ˺ϡҶʼ磬Ȼ˳ȥ
һʱҶ˴֮С˿̣ڣֻʣ䡣
һҶȻȥȷģû뵽ɳֵز
ҶЦһΣǿǲûܹ
Цˡϵ鷳ɻڣҪСĵ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷȻ䣬ǰȥǵ׻ʣȥĵ̣
Цû˻ֹԼȥȡջص̣ʸȥ׻ʶԻһУʵΪ𣡡
Ҷ˵ͷǾ߰ɣ
뿪˴
ɽ
ɽǺĵ̣ɽûжپ룬ˣһʱ˾ɽ
ǰɽһĨ֮ɫ뿪̫ãڻŷ֣ɽЩһˡ
˷ǣ
ջ˼ҽ͵һ塣
أ
ɽԲڣһܿ죬һӳ˺ǰ
󣿡Ŀϣʲô˼
Цһοɲ鷳Աλ
ԣĿʱҶԵĺϡʱ΢΢һ㶣ܿ죬䣬û뵽㻹š
еʧЦ
ôһ㡣һԼĵˡ
΢΢ͷȻҲԹ뿪ȻˣǾһսɣ
ǾҿĺЩɳ˺̶ֳȣ
䣬ҽһ㣬ֱӻһʧʾͷ
ҶԣһҲ֮ʧ
УֻʣҶ
Ҷ˭Ӯ˭£
΢΢ͷһģϾģ˭ҲơȻҲ⡣ϣҪ⡣
Ҷ˫ۻҲϣ
ʱͻȻʵﵽ˺ֵز
Ҷ΢΢Ȼ£˲ɱ
󣺡
Լһʱ󣬺صԭλã˿̣ɫЩ԰ס
뿪ˣ
ԣһԵɫʱһɡ
ԶɫЩӡʱӰϮܿ죬һ߳ԡ
Ŀֱ˺ϣУߵ䣬û뵽󰡡
΢΢һЦеֻǣö˿Ҫʧˡ
˵⣬Ҷ⼸λҹϵôá
Ҷ΢΢ͷˣ
ĿΪ׵ϣǳоߵģõǿߡԷҪ˵ʱҶͻȻʧԭءУһһ
Ҷʧһ̣ɫȻһ䣬Ҫ֣ʱһѾߵü䡣
ڴ˿̣Ҷ󣬶һԳʥ˽׵
УͻȻž
һԵĺЩ㣬Ϊû뵽ҶֱӾͳֳ̫֡⧲ˣ
ҶеĽǰ˵֣֣üʱѪ
ҶطǺǰģ𣿡
ҶǺˣ
ҶûйϵҸղŵĻ𣿡
߿Ҷû˵
ʱҶеĽǰ˵֣𣿡
߿ҶãȻˣ
գ
Ҷתͷ󣬡λǰһ飬ȸˡ
Сĵ㣡
ҶЦȻ
䣬תֱӻһʧʾͷ
ԭأڵѾɱˡ
΢΢ͷĳɳٶȣ˺գ
Цǰ
ǺˣʱһԵͻȻʡ
һȻŹ˶ã־ͻǧ棬ʱͻ֪ˣ


1995 Ӳʺˣ
һڴ
ԶţҶ΢ƣ϶ң
䣬ҶҪУʱǸоʲôͻȻתͷԶһ
һϮۣУһɫǹ
õ۷ǿߣ
ӿһԶţȻҶӵȥ
Ҷ΢΢Ȼ£
ЦЦͷһãɣ
ҶָָԼԴԼã
Цݽ䣬䣬еĳǹͻȻ
ʱҶĽͻȻ̳
ǹ⡣
һ˲䣬ʱ·𶨸
ʱͬʱ͵һ
أ
˸Գǧɵľ룬һͣĿռֱӹѳ֩״
ӿ˿Լ֣˿ֱ̣ѾѪۣǸղűˡ
ж֮ɫ̧ͷԶҶҪǿ࣬ѹ˾ôĴͨ㣬ԭֵǸۣ
Ҷû˵ǣ˫ۻƽ̯ģһת
ɲǼ䣬һεϢֱָӣ
ѹȣ
һ̣ӸܵһǿҵѹȸСҴ⣬ӿܿ죬ͷһƬʣܲУ粻ʱ
ͻȻ߾ٳǹɲǼ䣬ͷƬ֮Уһֱгǹ֮ϡ
˫ۻеĳǹ֮ϣ׵ġһϢͻȻ˫ۣȻгǹ͵سԶҶһ̣
£һ׵ĳǹҶȥ֮ռֱӱѳɿռڶޱȣ
ԶҶеĽͻȻʧˡ
Ҷʧһ̣Ǳ׵糤ǹͻȻͣ˿УΪǹ֮ϣһšһ˲ͻȻǱת
ˣ
һǱǹͻȻ˿ת˲һڳһ
Զд󺧣ǿһȻһֱֻȴûи뿪
⣬ͣ˿̣Ҽ紦ѪֱΣ
Ӹͣһ˲ԶҶ֮УһֿʼתˡһĻҡһ̣һԺ
ҶǰܸĽ㣡
䡣
ͣ
һѪü伤ת˲Դֱըѿ
ҶһУǽ׻صСǰĽҶЦǲǿǿкã
˵꣬ҶԶţҪУʱңԶʣǴռͻȻܿ죬Ӱ˳
һ͸ߴӣһߣųȹŮӡ
ˣҶʶǵȥ֮ǰ׷ɱʨħŮӡߣҲ׷ɱʶԷ
Ҷþòˣǿʨ
Ҷɨһˣô壬ħ壬ʲô壬ǻҪɱҶὣ
𣿡ǿʨ
ҶЦЦƬ̣ǿʨǲǴ
ԣǿʨɫҪ˵ʱҶȴȵ״͸ңΪǵ̸еǣ
䣬ҶеĽͻȻʧһڳһԶǿʨֱӽӲ
һԣŮ͵תͷʨֻʨ彩Ӳ˫ԲԺһ
㡭ʨҶôܡ
ͣ
ǿʨӴͻȻѿһƣת˲ԴֱӴӲϵ
Ѫ
һԣŮӴľ
ܿ죬ŮӻعתҶ£ħ岻ڶԸ³֣¡
ˣ
Ҷ£еĽͻȻʧһĻŮɫȻ䣬˫͵سǰһġ
䣡
ըǵʧˡǣҶȴǺ׳Ůӵ
գ
ͣ
Ůǿ˫Բͷ­ֱӷ˳ȥ
ҶתͷԶߣûӣǵû뵽ȥһ磬ɳֵزߴ壡
䣬߾Ҫ֣׼ƴһʱҶͻȻģ
ߵô
Ҷ΢΢Ȼȥ塣ûӦ˵飬Ȼ˶ԷĺôȻҪóŵԷģ
ԣ˫΢Уʲô
ҶûзϻֱӼǶֱӴסˡ˺һᣬŻع㣬ôϣ
Ҷ˭ϣ
Ȼ棡ѿڶ
Ҷȥ峤Ҳ˵ڶ飬ҲϹ˷ʱ䣬ף
ԥ£Ȼ
һҶ壬Ҷ߿е֪ڵôĺãȣϿϣ壬˵ٵĿ
ΣĵҲΪƫƧ廹ȫûȡ
֮ὣҲ벩һ岻ãȴôύ壬ύ塭
Ҷһڴǰͣ½ŲԵȣ
䣬߽˴֮С
Ҷɨһܣܣǿ޵ʶɨţ
һᣬ˳Ȼ峤룡
Ҷ΢΢ͷ߽˴֮Сڣźɫ۵ߣλһŽɫ۵ӡ
ӴһҶСС;ʵ֮Уһܾǿˡ
ҶһߣȻӣ壬֮һ
䣬ָһ˸Ľָʱɵǰ
ɨһǽָɫ˲ԵһۣȻʶɨǽָܿ죬һɫޱ
ָ֮УʧĹЩȫʥ˽ףеʥ˽֮ϣ
ãӿҶǺ˸µģ
ҶҡҡͷҲݣȻѾ˸λУҵҲˡˣ˵ţҶתߣ뵽ʲôͣȻλǽУͲҪ鷳ˡ
˵꣬Ҷתߡ
ʱԵһͻȻţ
Ҷͣ½ŲתߣлͲˣԷѾұˣ
Ҷ㿴ɽ֮еĶ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷûУ
Ҳţߵ
ԣҶ˫۶ʱ
ʱ߿һԵӣ峤ɽ֮У֮ͨ򲻿й¶ȥ峤ɱˣ
üͷ΢壬Щԥ
ˣ
ʱ·ҶͻȻγ˽ѵһκ£ľֽӻǲʺˣ
䣬ҶŽͳӵȥ


1996 ղ׳ˣ
Ҷὣ峤ԵƤһû뵽ҶȻﶯ֡
ȻǲģҪ֡
ʱ峤ͻȻţ
߿峤峤ȴǿ·ҶС岢ֲ֪ôˣ
Ҷͣ½Ųҿĺ
峤ЦֻԴһʱˡλȻὫｻ㣬֤ԷġҪ˽̣͸ˣ
Ҷ»ģ
峤ЦΣлСѽͻ壬飬ˣ
£ҶЦҾҪȥ壬ܻ巢ìܣǰɵ㳬ǿ߸ȥ
峤齩Ӳס
ҶһЦתʧ˴֮С
Ҷߺ峤һ߳ΪβǼɻϣϣ
峤˫ۻֻȴû뵽˭͸ģԷΪҪ͸û뵽Ϊθҹһ壡
ƿԡ
峤۾٣Ȼе̣ǣһܾ̿Ҫܸɸɾˣ˱׷ɱȴܻĺúõģϾһˣ
߳Ĭ
峤ˣ򵥰

Ҷ뿪ֱ塣
ûãҶŵλãûԥҶһֱӽ֮С
ռҶؽ硣
һͱ׵ӸΧס
һŭȣߺˣͨ
ͨ
ҶҡҡͷûУ
ûҲô壡ŭȡ
˷ʲôʱ䣬ֱɱˣԣһͻȻ£ֱӳҶȥ
ҶǰʱͻȻͣΪһü䴦
ҶŽǰ˵֣Ȼ䣬𣿡
ɫЩ԰ס
ʱͻȻƤѪֱ
æûû⣡
գ
ҶһֱӻһʧԶʡ
У亹ֱΡ
ҪҪ棿ʱһͻȻ
ҡҡͷֲû˽鶼ϱǼ϶᲻ͷʱĻң
˵˵ͷҲǣ

ʱҶǡ
ǰǣҶǷһĨЦ뿪ʱ˵ģһ죬ػش˵ءڣˡ
ħŲˣˣ
ͻȻҶԶ˾
ߣŵڶʮ𣿽͵ˣ
Ҳ֪죬˼һʮλǿߣ˵Ѿȥսˡ
Ѿˣ
仰𣬳ͻȻ
һᣬһ̾Ϣڳ𣬡һսһˡõһ嵽ʱΪЦ

ԶҶüͷ΢壬ܿ죬뵽ʲô΢΢
Ҷ˳УΪصԵʣû˷ࡣĴºǸʲôˡνŪһȻΪ˼һš
ڣħսħĹϵǱ廹ģ˵ħ壬൱ǰ㣬Ҷ࿴˳ۣ
ħս񣬺ʣģ

뵽ʲôҶЦԽŨˡ
ܿ죬Ҷʧԭء
ǣ̨
ʱ̨ܿνɽ˺Ǳ̨ϣվһϽɫ۵ӣĸߴ󣬳磬Уһ̵
ֳֻ̣ܶȴֻܺô񣬺أ
ȻǰλħţŲס
Χ˴ʱ̨֡ϣŲױĿԲ
ʱһưɫ۵ͻȻ˱̨ϡ
䣡У˴
Ҷһ䣬΢΢ͷĺǿԵģǼǿߣҴϢȻˮֺٵ֣
һԵǹŲףҶһ۹ŲףȴʲôûԷȻǽԼʵ
ʱǹŲ۾ְɣ
Щ˻ơ
һ۹Ųףһֱ̣ʧԭأٴγʱѾڹŲ׵ǰת˲ʮͻȻ˫м
ʱǹŲͻȻˡֻŵǰһǳСˣһ㡣ȻһȴֱӽͷųЩնĸɸɾ
ͬʱ䱾˸ֱӱ˱̨
̨зֵģȻ˿̣ԭһֲ֪ʱһ޴ȱڣǴȱڷɳȥģ
Уž
ԭڽһЩ˴˿Ҳˡ
̨ϣǹŲɨһܣȻõһǸɣ
·Ҷһ۹ŲףЦЩ˼
Ų׸ղһУһַַ֮֮Ҳ˵ֵһ˵ǣԷһȷʵǿ
ʱ̨ͻȻһŮӡ
ŮӣҶ΢΢һ㶣ΪŮʶǰŮӣСߵĽ㣬ԷӽСߣ
Ų׿һŮӣȻְɣ
ŮҲû˵΢΢һУһ
ɽ
֮һ
ֵһ˲ŮͻȻʧԭأͬʱһνǱ̨һν˲ǹŲ׵ǰ
ʱŲֶˡ
̧Ȼ¡
ͣ
ŮǵֱʧʱǹŲͻȻʧԭء

̨ϴһת˲Ůֱӱ˱̨ıԵ
һ̣ŮжһĨ֮ɫеĽܿ죬ǳãǳ֮糱ˮӿŮеĽ֮Уǳ֮ӿ룬ŮеĽҲ
һĻҶȴҡҡͷŮˣʱûʲôﲻǲԣǣȽͲˡҪ֪Ӳ
ǰŮӣûʲôΪҲûʲôۼǳ֮ٶȱǰࡣ⽣ǳ֮ϢҲǰǿ̫ࡣǣⲢûʲôá
վԼģ
ԶǹŲͻȻʧԭء̨ϣһһϸ緢˿ǿ쵽µı֡
ת˲ͻȻ
ΪŮӲϣһ̵
ŮӰˣ
δԼǿһͰˣ
Ųջ˵ȻתԼԭλãʱͻȻתͷһתͷסˡ˳Ŀ⿴ȥҶλá
ҶŮҲס
̨ϣŲԥ£ȻҶ˱ȭղ׳ˣ
ˣ


1997 ͼ壡
׳ˣ
У˶ˡ
Ŀ׷Ҷϣǰλ˭
ҶҲ΢΢һһǹŲףȻʶң
Ų΢΢ͷɽһ棡
ɽߣ
⣬Ҷ΢΢ͷԭǰλǴģѹʵǿ
ʱǹŲ׵û뵽£ħһʥżǲǿһͬǰ
Ų׵Ļ˶ѾסˡŲ׶Դǰδ̫Щɣ

ŲȻħˣǣ˲òϣ˼ȷʵǿǳǿôһλǿߣȻǰӿ̶ֳȣ
Ų׶ҶģҲûòסϾǼʶҶġңǰҶλǿ߽֡
ʱǿ߶˵ҪĴڡҶȴѾܹԷˡڵҶʵӦǸǿˡΪܸҶΣգ
ֱܣģޱȵ׼ȷ
ʥż
·Ҷ΢΢üһᣬʱʱ䣬ȥ
ŲЦ죬Ҷ壬ȥʱϵң
Ҷ΢΢ͷã
Ų׵˵ͷȻɨһܣһĳɣ
Ų׶棬Ůӳܿ͵
Ų΢΢ͷҾ͵ȵȰɣ
䣬˫ۻ
ŮջĿ⣬һҶǰ㻹壡
ҶЦΪβ
ŮֱҶ
ҶЦôԴ󡣶ˣ£С
ŮӵСߵϣȰһ䣬Ҹʻδ֣뿪壬üȻٴν壬ʱ˭Ȳ㣡
𣿡Ҷúأ
Ůɫһ㡣
䣬תߣʱҶͻȻСߵϣҲһ仰ɽǰѺýǣȴǸݰýȴԽΪǵöô޴
㣡
Ů͵תŭҶ
ҶȴŮӣǿңԶʣʾͷռڲšܿ죬һѷ죬ת˲һӰе
˵ע£һʳǵ
ˣҶԣŮӳ
Ů£Ǳ̨ϣһŰɫ۵ӡ
ӴԼʮ߰꣬һϮۣ˳ȾòӢһ֣ŮӱѾھѩ
ѩ
һĳţҲĿǰһĴ
ѩĿ˲ԶŲϣħСҲҰǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
䣬ͻȻ߸̧𣬺ܿ죬֮Уâ˸һ̣ͻȻǹŲ׸վһĳ
أ
ŲΧĿռͻȻһת˲ΧĿռֱӹѿǹŲױ˱һЩŤ·ڳʲôʹһ㣡
һ˲ŲͻȻˡһâڳһ
ͣ
ͻȻһ˺˺𣬹ŲǰĿռͻȻһ޴Ŀռѷ죬ѷ쾡ͷһâѩü䣡
ѩǷһĨЦһһâһ
أ
Ųǵâֱʧ
Уʮɾ룬ѩУ֪ʱһɫǹǹһɫСһ̣ͻȻʧԭء

˾㵵Ŀ֮УѩǰĿռͻȻ˿һ޴ѷǱ̨ϡͬʱǱ̨Ȼѿһ촷ۣ
̫ǿ̨ռѾܲס
Զѩֵһ˲ŲͻȻʧԭأһڳһޱȴۡ
ܿ죬˵ע£ǵǵײһɲǼ䡪
䣡
һ˶Ȼײɢɢļ죬գۼѾΧȺǰһĻΧ˶ʱ󾪣׷׳ˡ
һˣ˳ǧɵľ롣ʱ˷֣һûˡǾҶҶԼԭλá
Ҷɨһܣ˶ڿҶ㵵ڸʲô
˿Ҷû˵
䣡
ʱԶͻȻһը̧ͷȥֻʿУһɫͬʱһɵĵǻ
ʱ˵սѾﵽȻʤܿͻ˵ܿͻΪ˶û֣಩
䣡
ʣһըЩըʵĿռնѾܿ죬ǿּ߳ӹ̿ռ䣬Щǿ߼ӹ̺󣬿ռѾùѩŲ׵Ҳ޷һƬʵĿռ䣡
ʱʵѩͻȻڿն𣬺ܿ죬һöɫȦУöɫȦʱǹŲɫʱˡֱΣգ
ȥ
ѩָһеɫȦֱӻһâǹŲױȥ
ԶǹŲ˫΢УѾɵյ˫յɫȦǰʮɾǣŲ˫ͻȻŵԼǰ͵ؾһ
£պɫȦ֮ϡ
ʱ·𶨸
˲ϢͻȻɫȦһһõɫȦе
ء
ЩõɫȦֱӺǹŲ׵ϣŲ˲Ǳ˳ȥѷɣ˽ɣһͣŲֱӹѿѪ֮нޱȣ
Ӯˣ
У˻ֱ
ԶŲĨĨǵѪȻѩʥ˽
ѩǰɫȦЦе
˵ţɨһܣȻλ˵ɱǲɱأ
ɱ
˶ʱȻɱ
ɱɱߣ
ɱӦ٣

ʣѩתͷǹŲףʲôвǣ
䣬гͻȻǹŲ͵ؾһ
ԶŲ׾Ҫ֣ʱһӰվ˹Ų׵ǰһ̣Ǳǹֱӱһָֻץס
Ҷ
Ҷ֣·ŮüͷҶĹŲҲסȻû뵽Ҷ֡
ࣿҶѩüͷʱ
Ҷɨһ·ˣȻսղôˣƺûȡǵ
࣡
У˾
ࣿͼ壿ôģ
û뵽࣬ŴԽԽûˣȻͼ඼˽

·ŮӿһҶѰ·
УҶɨһ۳ˣ΢ƣһֱ̣ʧԭأת˲ѩǰţҶѩгǹ͵ؾһɨ
˾㵵Ŀ֮УѩֱӱҶһǹɨǧɿ⣡
УҶ֣Ȼɨһ·ܣ˿Ҷһս˵أ٣Ҷս٣
˵⣬˶٣Ȼ΢ƣЦЩ䣬ָԶѩֵĸǣֻɫͱˣΪܴһٸ


1998 
һٸ
Уžһ˲˲ضҶ

ʱԶѩͻȻŭת˲жһɫȦڷӿɫȦ֮Уӿ룬ɫȦʼ
СģˡʱǹŲ׼ѣǣƺ뵽ʲôͣ
Сģ
ǰѩǿѪǿ𣿴ȻûеġҶܹѪԿġңҶڵʵԱȵǿ˲٣
Ҷһ۹Ųף΢΢һЦ£
ʱԶѩͻȻһԾɫȦҶ͵һ
ݣ
ɫȦ˲Ҷͷת˲ȦҶûȥ
ʱҶҽ͵һ壬˻һһ˲䣬ʶҶĲӰÿһӰһ۽⣡
Ӱɱ
һڿݺύ˲ֱӣ
Ϣʱ䣬Ϣ󣬽ʧҶѾʧԭء
΢΢һת˲תͷѩλãʱѩǰվһӣеĽѩϣ
ͻȻ
ѩôˣ
ѩŵĿǰӣû뵽ԼôˡղҶһ̣ûзӦ
գ
Ҷɨһ·ܣҾţղҵĻȻЧһ٣ս١
ԣΧɫЩÿˡ
ƣ
ħŲս񣬶˵ҲƣҶƣǹŲ׸šս񣬶սһţ
սһ
ʱŮͻȻ˱̨ϣŮֱҶʲô
ʲô
ҶЦЦȻ岻Ǹߵҽ뿴ǵĸ߹˵ţɨһ·ܣţ࣬壬Уǵ͵塣ڣЩߵ壬˭һս
˭ң
ȱѪжܿ죬һӳǱ̨ϣӿҶҪ˵ʱҶͻȻʧԭأһ̡
أ
˵Ŀ֮УֱӹȻ󳯺󵹷˳ȥ
ǧ⣬ڵ棬ֱӻȥ
Уž
̨ϣҶȭͷȻһ
һ
һΣû˸ȥˡʵ̫ȥҲȡ衣
ҶǰŮҶ
ҶЦҲô˵ڣһĺúõġУһûˣһҪҹУҲǲܾġ߹ˣӦǲԴСİɣ
Ůӻ˵ʲôҶȴǰ˰֣ûߴߴˣȥɡȻҪ֤壬Ǿͳְɡ
ŮɫЩѿˣҶȴ˫Ӯܶ
Ҷ˼
壬ȻԿʵȻǣҪһ֮Կ壬Ȼǲܵ飬ʹﵽʥ˽ףҲһ֮Կġ
ֲˬô죿뵽һ취ϵĴ򲻹ǾʹСģ
սһ
϶ǲһǿԸģΪԷ˾ͻΪԴСһˡ£ضΪЦ
Ȼſܲ鷳ǣп϶ǻģ
ʱһͻȻ˱̨ϡ߿һҶû뵽㻹壡ȻʶҶ
ҶôҪԳ𣿡
߼õԳ֣
ҶЦҾϲţ͸һȻˣ˳ɣҪǵĸ߹
߿ҶãȻ룬벻ˡԣˣʬǻƳģͼ࣬ĵϣ
ҶһЦȻֱӰߣң
һ̣
ʱһͻȻʴ̧ͷȥȻʲôҲûС
ܿ죬˷Ӧתͷ̨ϣ̨ϣҶǰ֪ʱһ۵ӣӴԼʮ꣬տ㣬ϴһʡ
˭
Уɻ
ҶԲԶŮüȴ΢΢û뵽˶ˣ

һɹػֱϽսػս֧ͱڵƿأЩΪ˶Ȩ岢ûڳµػߣ
֧ˣ尵ɱﵣЩˣһֻڹؼʱڲŻ֡û뵽ڻ˳
ҲǰҶʵһŸ޷֮ƥСʹҲ޷Ҷ⡣
һҶȻŵǺǣνʲôţӾ;Լ޵ˣɣǿЦ
˵⻰ǳԣ
˵ĲҶһԵĹŲס
꿴Ųף
ŲЦûʲôֻǾ˵ĺܶԡ˵ţҶ֣ˣԳƸ߹壬Ǻܶʱ飬ɲ߹ֻҪСĵΪãϾ̣ѷ
ҶЦлѣ
˵ţһԵְ꣬ɣ
΢΢ҡͷ֣
ȷҶ
һЦ࣬š
ҪУԣһ䡣
ЦЦȻϷģ˵ţɨһܣȻһԵҶʮУʮұɱ㡣ȳ֣ûֵĻᡣ
Ҷ

һԣŲҡҡͷǧ֮УһܹҶǣҪ˵ܹʮڻҶģ˿Ǿûеġ
ȻǧԻǣҶǴ߳ˡǸֲĵطҶп˵ŵһġ
һĵһţǧЩŸ޷֮ᲢۡҲֻֻߣһЩ˲ſҶ⡣
ǰλ꣬ȻֻߣˡʮлҶڹŲ׿ǸЦ
ְɣʱͻȻ
Ҷ΢΢ͷã䣬һ̯һиת
һ̣Ҷ˲ˡ
ʱҶһƲ񷣡
һĻǰɫʱˡæתͷһԵ꣬УЩ
˿̣ɫҲҶеĽתٶȼӿ죬ЩˡֱΣգҶһǳǳΣգ
Ҫƣ
ʱ˰ߵ
ԥ£Ȼ΢΢ͷһ̣һѪɫУת˲ֱʧԭءһѪâűȥ
ԶҶס˵ȳֵ˲ð


1999 Ϣ
ΧҲЩ㣬û뵽ͻȻȳ֡
һԣŲ׼Ǹ߹ˣ
ûΣˣ˶Ļ
Զٶȼ죬գۼҶǰܿ죬һѪֱӳҶԴ˹ȥһȻҪҶԴߣ
ʱҶеĽͻȻʧˡ
ˣ
һͻȻ쳹
ͣ
һ̶ļ潣ת˲еѪֱӱ˳ȥһɣɵľ룬ܿ죬ͣ
꿴һԼеѪ˿̣Ѫϣһȱڣ
ȱڣɫ̧ͷԶҶе˼ˣ
е˼
ҶЦЦҲã䣬ֱʧԭأٴγʱѾǰҶһصĲӰ
ͫȻһһתѪ͵سϾһ̡

ʯ䣬Ѫ뽣ֱӵķʽײһһ˲䣬һ̶ըڳ쳹ٴα˳ȥڷɳȥһ˲䣬еѪͻȻʧˡ
棬Ҷͣ½Ųһ̳һֱӴѪĶ˴
أ
Ѫֱӵɶء
ʱͻȻڿն𣬿УеѪڵӿѪ֮Уӿ룬Ѫɢ˵Ѫɫâ
꿴·ԶҶ˫Ѫ͵ؾһնɻ꣡
ŭ£˵ע£һѪɫѪâͻȻѪֶ֮ѪâҶȥ֮ԭӹ̵Ŀռ˲
һĿռѷѪâ
·ԶҶǰ̤һûʩչʲô̧־һ̳ڵͨһɶֽ̺ƺƽʵһ㶼ƽ
һֱӴǵâϣҶ˽ʮɵľ룬ǵâûʧҶеĽ
ʱҶһƣ
䣬гһǵâ˲ըѿޡʱҶǰת˲һѾҶͷ
ҶûȥһǶؿھһ
ˣ
һȻǺ֣ǣٶȴѪҪ̫࣡
һɫ䣬֣ԷһųһѪֽ޵Ľһ壬̼䣬ͻ飡
ԭҶѪͻȻطסҶĽ

һֱ˴˳ȥ
ɳȥһ̣ҶͻȻ̯һ֮תת˲ͻȻʧҶ֮С
Զɫ䣬ҪȻѾһֱӵü䴦
ˣ
ˣ
а
һԣǰɫͳˮ֪ʲôҶԶŮҲĬɫЩ
ܸһ࣡
˵һΪԽܵ顣
ҶһУǵüĽֱӷɻҶСҶɨһԶǰߣ߹žһ඼򲻹
Ҷû˵
ʱҶЦЦˣһɣ
ʱŮӳҶǰ㾿ʲô
Ҷûʲôš
ŮӳַǲҸʽѽģ
ҶֱŮӣȥǺú˵ǻύͬύУ˶ϣ𣿡
ŮӳĬ
ʱҶɨһ·ˣ˿̣Ѿֵķзǵ˶ϵߣˣϸ
ɽ˺
ҶɨһΧȺȻ˸һս
ͱˣ
˿̵ҶͱˣɫѿѾʼɶڽɱҶȻȻû˸ȥ
˴ӲȱѪԵˣǣЩѪԵ˶ȥһöûУֻȡ裬ǸҶһģ
ҶȻûаݵ˼Զ
ô죿
ǳеʡҶȥδ棿
ʱһԵİ˫ͻȻ̧ȻһѹеʱʧתͷҶò˵Ŀ࿴ˡҪΪԼѹһţʹشˡһʱŽһս
䣬һʧ˳С
ҶЦЦҵţ
ʱŲߵҶԣйڣ
Ҷ˵ͷеڣ˵ţһ۹ŲףǰսҲʲôԭİɣ
Ų΢΢ͷˣŰԵĺܡǰڶǸһȥħ壬ȻսǸǵһа񣬵ʱҲڣӮ֮ħ壬˵ħһܡҴȥ֪£ȻҾˣ
ԭˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷʱŲ׵ν£
ҶЦûʲôǿ岻ˬ
Ųף
С
һ֮ۡУһƾճ֮ۡСֺ߳һͻȻߵǰ
Ϊ¶ʡ
ߵѾ֪ˣ
΢΢ͷô飬ô᲻֪ˣ򵥰
߳ȷʵ򵥡ڰֵôǸ޷֣Ҳ޷Ȼ˻ΪԣϷѰ£ϣСӳȥ
ӳĬ
⣿ߵ
΢΢ҡͷ¹棬Ȼó֡ȥɣȥ񴦡
ߵ˵ͷȻתʧ˳С
ǣ̨
ԭı̨ѾѣѾһոµı̨֮ǰĻҪ󣬻Ҫι̡
ͻȻ̨ϣҶ۾ߡߵ˵飬ڸһᣬһٸͷһΣ
һٸͷҶ㶣ȻԴżˣ
˫΢УЦ֪˭㽻֣
Ҷҡҡͷ֪
ЦԷ磬֪Ǻεأ
磿Ҷסˡ
ʱһԵĹŲͻȻ㲻֪ȥ
˵⣬ŲͻȻȻֹתͷʣһ˭Ҫսŵģү棡ģү֤㣡
Ҷʱסˡ
Ϥ


2000 ʲôֵܣ
Ϥ
Ҷ̧ͷȥʱʳһӣܿ죬Ҷǰ
ӿҶʱ˶סˡ
㣡
ӾȻ˵Ŀ֮УܵҶǰҶؿڴһȭЦһҲ֪ͨң
ҶЦЦû뵽㣡
ǰӲǱˣھ
˵ľٶ·˴ľǰʶһԵİɫЩÿˣ
̨ϣҶȻܺãһھȻʵֱǿ˰
ھЦɲԶˡ˵ţ˶٣Ȼֵһôˣ˵˵Ҽ廹еʵܹ˵ϻ
Ҷԥ£ȻУˣ
ԣھüͷĬƬ̣ھתͷһԵİߣϣ֪ǰλ˭𣿡
߳ôδҪ䣿ͲڼҳΪЦ
ЦھЦЦϣ˵ڼң˼ԳֿҲκβ֮Уû˱ҶĿֲˡ
ԣüͷʱھ·ˣھһţΪˣǸһȡǣȥһҲŷ֣ܴźܶ࣬ǼôԴȥǰǣ
죡
ʱǰͻȻŭȵھԭΪܹһĴ죬ڿˡҶʧ㲻Ըսбս
ų򣡡
·ͻȻ
̫ʧˣȻ־Լ磬ھһţЦ
ҶôھǸһսң

죡
ʱ̨ϣҶͻȻŭȣ죬
˿Ҷ
ʱҶɨһΧ˺ָھǷǷˡֱԣЩ㲻ϡǲ˵仰ǾһսǲҾ͸ұ죬ֻǷͣ
ҶĻ·˶ʱŭɽңȻš
ǣûһ˸ȥ
̨ϣھĬãȻҶҪ˵ҶͻȻӰ죬ҾͲսˡ
ھҡҡͷսɣ
Ҷ⡣
ھûнͣʵѽʲôںδһ
Ҷ϶һСߵŮһСŮ
Сߣ
ھ΢΢ͷˡȥ飡
䣬һֱʧ˱̨ϡ
ھ뿪̨ͱһӰһƫƧĽ䡣һˣھ߷ӡ
Сô£ӳ֪ղŵжڼжӰ죿
ھ˵ͷ֪
֪ŭ
ھתͷһԶЩɽ˺ϵЩΣ
ӳĬƬ̣Ȼ˵
ھ˵ͷˣ壬̫̫ˡһԽУҲСȻϵ֪ȥ󣬾Խв㺦ҡ
˵ʲôӳ
ھЦǿΪ𣬶ΪЩǵ棬ȻԽУᱻ˴ġ
ԭ򣿡ӵ
ھ̨ϵҶȻǣҪԭǣΪҴ򲻹
üͷڵʵ򲻹
ھʱǵͷȺ֮ӳҴɱɽȻΪȡ˳ĻᡣûϵҪ׷ͺڷˣ
ӳĬˡ
ʱھֵϵ˵ģ˵壬֮УһûмܹˡҲĴ֮еЩţܹ⡣ң֪Ҳصĺܣһˣ
˵ʲôӿһھ
ھɫһﲻţ϶ص٣ϵ㲻ӦöύһЩǡ
Ӱ˰֣ͣ䣬㵽˵ʲô
ھٺһЦȻɫ֣֮Ϊǣ϶СߴħŮһϵҡ
Ҿѣӵ
ھ˵ͷϵǴһͨھӣ
죡
ӳ֪ôڵΪν尲Σˣ
ھϵͱˡУڼҾ㲻ܽǰҲܽǰɣڼҾһ˳ҾͲΪһŮ˵ڼҡ
ҡҡͷҲΪһɵ˵ֵã
ھЦ㲻ҿɾ͵ˣ
ңŭ㻹벻뵱μˣ
ƨ
ھͻȻһӣ㲻ҵ˭Ҹ㣬Ҳܰ㲻ְæҾԼ֣ҲסңӿɲǰҶ֣Ȼϵɲÿ
㣡ɫˡ
ʱھϵǰңΣңҸ㣬ֵܵƢ˽ģѣ϶ָ׳졣ҲˣЩϼһ鷳Щģ˵Ļһ֮УûʲôܹĶˡ
ɲһ֪֮ǼСͷɶǳصģңڼǰǼ֮УСҲĺܣһЩص

ھ˰֣ҿǣֵ̫ǿˣϵ֪ʱѾܹѾﵽѪˣ
ԣüͷʱ棿
ھ˵ͷѪǵͬԴģңλĺҲйϵһ㣬ϵǧҪסֵܻһֲֵܷڰأЩˣǴĳţδЩ˵£ϵڲύѩ̿ԺڼҾȥύˣ
ӳĬãȻѾˣ
ھ˵ͷֵѣܲ
ֱھҲӦᶯ𣿡
ھᣡ
ӵһ̾ҴδһѣңǼһﻹܹô
ھ磬ֵͬܣ磬Ҳˡϵﻹǲ仰ɡһھȳѺڼҶϾϵڼңвϵ
ӳֵֶΣҲ̳ڼҵı֤ҪϵȻֻһӣǣϵϵɲֹϵһӣ
ھûлش𣬶תͷԶ̨ϵҶϵʲôֵ𣿡


2001 ִˣ
ֵܣ
ЦЦھļ򣬡ϵֵܾġϵǲ㱻ֵܳСӣⶫڣǣû㹻¡㹻ǰ˵ֵܣ׵ɱ
ھЦ
һ̣뵽˵һĻǸԭȥĽ꣬ûȥǧϻӳǣȻǴǰȺ֮ɱȥ
Ϊʲô
ô
棿
ûУΪֵֻ֣ܣ
ܶʱֵǰһЦǣҲкܶʱֵǰһЦ
ھǰ΢΢ͷһ㣬ǣڼʲô飬˫ۣԣȷҪе𣿡
ھҪ˵ֵڼҼȻʲô߹ݣǣ֮Уе뻰Ȩġ
ھʼ磬һӲϡ
䣬ھתȥ
ԭأӿھӰãǷһĨɬ
ҵľޱȲпģһûгɹλõĽǱż֮ǰͬԭ
ǣԼӵƢԼӿ϶ᵥʱֵĸ
ãҡҡͷȻң

һڰ
תͷԶ̨ʱҶֽһʵޱȡ
˫΢Уȷʵ򵥰
Զ̨ϡ
Ҷ˫΢գΧЩšҶԲԶǹŲסûȥΪҲ뿴ô˲ȵģ
˿̣嶼Ϊ֮ˡ
սһѾһ㣬أˣԽԽ˳ǸˣһЩҲ׷׳Ǹ
û˴ҶʣΪĳ衣
ˣԽԽ˳Ǹ˿̣Ǳ̨ܣѾΪ˿ʼڿУһЩˣǵǳ⡣
ҶԲԶСߵĽߵҶǰڣ嶼֪Ҷˣ
ҶΣ
Ůӵִˡǳˡû˴㣬ǣʣ㲻ܻ뿪壬ʹǺӳҲȲ㡣˵ĳ裬ҪѪϴˢ
𣿡Ҷν
Ůӻ˵ʲôҶȴǰ˰֣ˡ
Ůɫһ˵ʲôʱҶͻȻƾճһŮӡ
ˣ
һĻΧ˶ʱʼźʱ䣬ʵ̫ˡڣ˳ˡ
ҶһǺŮӣŮȫֻ֣ܿζ޷ò
ҶջĿ⣬ְɣ
壿ǺŮͻȻʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ůӵû뵽һۺֳһµĳţ
ۣ
Ҷ΢΢üʶش
ش֮һ
Ů΢΢ͷйһ֮Ե֮ʵֱǿࡣ֮Уٿǰ
ش
ҶЦЦûһһڵʵ϶ķǳġ
ʱȥ
ջ˼ҶǰĺŮӣְɣ
Ů΢΢ͷã
£ŮͻȻһذףһ̣˻һӰʧԭءת˲һҶλһ
ͣ
ռ䱻˺ѵ
ʱҶѾʮɵľ롣ҶȻ˿ԼָָϣһĨ۵졣
Ѫˣ
һĻ·ܣ˶ʱе˷ܵĽӽ
źŭһ㡣
ָϵǵѪҶ΢΢һЦȻ̧ͷԶǺŮӣٶȺÿ죡
Ը죡
Ů£ѾҶǰһĻٶ̫죬˸ӦһΣŮӵĵҶ໹ʮʱľʱͣ
ΪһѾǺŮӵĺλá
һĻͻȻ
һ˲Ůջ˵ȻҰˣ
ˣ
Χţ
Ҷջ˽ȻҪ죡
ŮӵٶǷǳǳģǣٶȷ棬ҶɴӲˡʵŮӻǿսģΪһ޷ɱԷֻٶȱѹƺŮѾûģԲֱ䣡
УҶɨһ·Ⱥһ
һ
˿ų̋ϵҶܹɱˣҶѾʬ޴ˡ
һһȴܹס´˳ȥԣҶһ֮սһ飬Ѿ˰ĶС
һ̣סҶ֣ͬסˡ
̨ϣŮӶҶ˱ȭȻתȥʱСߵĽͻȻҶǰֱҶãȻսʲôʱ򣿡
ʲôʱ򣿡
ҶЦģܿͻˡһһսҾͻ뿪ô
ҶĻŮɫˡ
ҶһڣڣûսûлҶǺʣᶪ
Ҷһиݣ
ŮӿҶãȻתȥ
ΧȺ궯ŭ
ʱҶҽͻȻ͵һ塣
أ
̨һ˲䰲̧ͷҶ
Ҷɨһˣˣˬսֻߴߴᡣ
㰡
ʱһͻȻȺ֮гֱӳҶȥȻ
أ
˻δعֱӷ˳ȥһɣǧɵľ롣
̨ϣҶջȭͷ
УŭĿӡ

ǴʱΧ˵ĸоޱȵı
ʱһһȥʱھͻȻ˱̨ϣҶҪ˵ʲôھȴֱץסұۣߣΪʲô
£ʧ˱̨ϡ
һããɽ֮Уһɭ֮С
ˣҶھ
ôҶԵھ
ھԲԶһӰͻȻ˳ӰˣҶɫЩˡ
ǿߣ
ʱǺһӣһСӰҶǰ
Ҷס
СӰ϶ֻʱ϶˫΢գڳ˯
Ҷѹס֮еļʣ
һ⣬ʱ޷ѡǺӰ˵ֻܰµˡ
ҶһȻھھЦ֮ΣлĻͲҪ˵ˣ̫û˼
߰ɣʱǺӰͻȻʱǱӦѾˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻأ
䣬һӣ϶յ˺ڣȻһԳ˫ҲҶֱʧԭء
С
ھһĬúȻ󣬡壬߰ɣ
߲ˣǺӰ˵
ʱһӳ˵ǰ
ɨھһۣ
䡣
䣡
пռȻըѿ


2002 ֻˣ
ڳпռըѵһ̣ھԵĺͻȻֳǰһ̽Ȼ͵һա
䣡
һɿֲϯǳھʱֵס
ռȻ𣬵ǣȴûʲô¡
ԶӵôڼҪ壿
˵ȹֶڼҲò顣˶ѣ
Ц
飿ѵڼҲ֪ҶǵΪˣڼҽջʵﲻ⣡
˵ʱһ߳ھ˵ǰ
߿һӣȻ˿ھڼҼ̳ˣڼһὫ£ƾ´á
ԣһԵھɫʱ
ʱתͷھϵһͬ⣬㸸ײʺڼҼڣѾڼҼ˵ţˣԴ㣬̻ڼң
˵ʲôһԵھȴҡҡͷ壬ȥɡ㲻ȥҸ׵Ĵܻ⡣
ҡҡͷȻǺߣڸҵһˡ
ߵڼϣǳ顣
˵ţתӣڼҸµ԰ɣ
ӿһһԵھ͵ȥ
䣬תһʧʡ
У߿ھΪһ˶ٵԼǰ̣ڼû㵱ȻڼǳҪꡣ
䣬һӣֱھʧԭء

ƶ֮УҶС
Ҷڣڣ϶ǰ϶ûʲô顣
ҶԣδС졣
ʲôҶʡ
Сһ϶ãС߽壬걻ѹƣʶҲѹƣȻѾںϣǣȴּ״̬Ҫԭ굱ѹʱܵˡʵС߲̫Եɵģ
а취𣿡Ҷ
С΢΢ͷл޸ꡣӦòǺܴ󣬲ܸое㲻̫Ծ
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
С΢΢ҡͷٴϸһ϶Ȼܸое㲻Ծȴûʲôһʱ䣡
ã
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ҷḧһ϶գҪ˵ͻȻɫһ䣬ֱ뿪˺
档
Ҷ۾ȻתͷһǿϢסԷԼٶȳ߸
ǿߣ
ԭأҶĬãܿ죬ַü䣬һü˳

Ҷֳֶƶ֮У˫Ŀֱǰռܿ죬һҶС
ԽԽԽԽ죡
Ҷ˫ۻ̯ת󽣹ⲻ
һϢ
ҶͻȻ۾ɲǼ䣬еĶͻȻʧ
ˣ
һڳ쳹
䣡
ԶͻȻһըܿ죬ɢȥԶǵɫɢȥһӳҶУ˿̣Ѿʧ򴦣Ѫֱ
ӿһԼϱ۴Ȼ̧ͷҶҪ˵ʱҶ֮УһתһĻ˫΢Уڣ䱸ޱȡ
Ҷֱӣȥ
£еĽͻȻһʧ
ὣɱ
ὣɱ𵱳࣬Ҳǿ࣬ڼ϶˵ὣɱѾȥܹвǿߣرڼ϶֮
ʥ˽׵ģ
ҶǵʧͻȻһһ̣һ޴ɫܳǰһѡء
ѡӲӲǻΣգΪһʧܣǸĽĴۡ
Ϊףѡأ
ɫֵܳһ̣һѾ档
ǲ
ǿֱӽѣӱҲ֮±سɵľ롣һվǷסˣ
ʱԶͻȻһ
һ̧ͷȥֻҶУһɫĽԼٶתšһĻɫ䣬ҪߣʱҶеǱʧˡ
ͣ
һɫĽֱӴǰǵɫϣ
һ

һֱǵɫܣͬʱֱӲӵǰ
а
Ҷӵǰô岻ԸŹң
ӿ˿ԼǰȻ̧ͷҶû뵽ǿ̶ֳȣһѾ֡
Ҷû˵һУɻڡҶתߣڣҪ뿪壬ɲط˷ʱ䡣
֪ھ³ʱͻȻ
Ҷͣ˽Ų
ӵڼѾѾ͵˾뿪壬ɡ
Ҷתӣ
ǣֱҶ˵ģҸо˺¡ȥպ㣬ؽΪС壬Ǳĵˣ
ˣ
ҶЦЦ䣬̯ܿ죬һֻõצܡ
֪ʲô𣿡Ҷʡ
ӿһצͻȻ뵽ʲô˫Բػôϣ㡭
Ѿ𾪵״Ρ
ҶĵˣҪѡĵˣѡҪҵĵˣ
䣬ҶһֱʧԭءһΣķ⣬ǡ
ԭأĿͣԭԭػ߼̳ˡ
䣬еɫʽɢ
ƶ֮УҶС
ǿ뿪ģǶӽ򣬿˵ֻҪǿߺҵʥ˽׵ǿߡ
ǣǿԸ
ڣˡ
ΣȻΣյģΪ岻ڸߡǣòô뿪ԼԭԼ
һʱҶصǡ
⣬ҶãȻЦֻˡ
䣬ҶɫͻȻһ̣ҽ͵һ棬ɲǼ䣬һһ㣬ǶΪ֮һ¡
ʱҶߵǳǽ£壬ֻˣô㣿


2003 ԭô
ô㣡
죬𶯡
˳ǽ⣬ҶʱЩɫʱޱѿ
Ҷ
Ҷֻˣ
һʲô˼ôֻˣУ˵
˭֪һҪʲô
սŰɡǣ˭ȥս
ôôһ

ʱһͻȻҶǰߣϡ
أҶ
ҶҲ֪˵ʲôȻ֪˵ʲôֻ϶ǲϵġܸԴСĽڣ
߿ҶãȻ
˿̣Ѿµˡȥ׷ɱҶûлҶˡȻԷѾˡ
˿̰ߵǷǳ𾪵ģΪû뵽ǰλ꾹ȻܹɱһǿߣƾԼʵɱģδֲ̫Щ
Ŀֲ
ʹоЩļ£
ҶһЩˣȻЦô䲻𣿡
ʲô˼ʱʡ
ʲô˼
ҶЦЦұҪȥû뵽ȴץѣұ˻˵ţһĨɫڣһˡʲôҾ⣡
ҶĻ˷׷׿һԵİߡ
߳Ҳ֪˵ʲô
֪˵ʲô
ҶߵǰǰǲЩģ˵ɣô㣿
Ѿܹɱˡ
ƣ
廹δƹرǵǰ塣
ʱҶֵǲҪһڻˡô˵ˣ
ͱˣ
ߵҪս𣿡
ս壿
ҶЦЦû뷨㿴ҹһˣôս壿ֻ˵ʲôҶһûʲôϵң룬ӦҲ䲻İɣҪ´ȥ룬Ը߹˵Ӧһɣ
Ҫ˵ʱһŻ۵ͻȻ˰ߵԡ
ӣ˶ʱ󾪣Ȼæ

ǰλˣ䣬
߶΢΢һȻ˵
ҶһҶȻ⣬û뵽ȥһɳ̶ֳȡ
ǰλصҶ޾ɫʵΪҲˡ
ץΪڼҴ棬޹ءȻҲΪԵʣǴġԣµҪ㣡
ҶЦǲЩеûģ£ھ⣬ʲôУʹҪԳ֣ҲǿԵģ޷Ͼĵ̣
ʱͻȻǰ̤һһ̤һɿֲ˲ѹҶϣһ̣ҶҲ޷
ˣ
У˿ֻɱҶЩˡٶ˵϶ܴܵӰ졣
ҶʲôݣʲôݣҶ֣ǾԴСǲݵġңɱҶҲز
Ҳǵ˾ΪβԳȥɱҶһʲôݣ͸ʲô顣˵ҶݣݵԳ֣
ڣԳˡ
˵ע£ͻȻЦҪɱ㣬ʵĺܼ򵥡ЩСϷĲͣǣȴôߡ
ȻأҶֱ
ЦԳһᣬһѵĻᡣ˵ţ̧ͷԶȻħ壬һλʥżλʥˣǿߣҲ֪Ϊħ塣ϣȥħһˣȻȻҪһ㣬ϣǴвҪħС
Ҷô𣿡
ô㲻Ҫ᣿
Ҷֱȷˣ
΢΢ҡͷ˲ȷţǴȻԻˡģһмʲôС
ҶĬ
ãҪȻû취ΪھڶԷϡ
ʱֵһ飬ȥǲȥȥģҲɱ㡣սǾսеţһһսһ궼ԣ
Ҷȥôȥ
ҶãȻָһһư׹ûҶü䣬ǵַҵϢ
Ҷû˵תȥ
ԭأԵİ߳ҽɱӣ츳ʵںˣʵǿֲҶɱ
ȷʵе㺧ˣû뵽Щһһã˾ƺҲʲôޡ
ɱԭ򣿡ߵ
ЦɱΪɱɱ鷳ңɱˣԶԶֹǣȻˣΪβñȥɱܹ˾ɱǶ˵һܺõ£
΢΢ͷˣ
̧ͷԶǱߣҶȥλáĬã񽥽ЩСһӦüʶʲô˰ɣ
߿ЦЩһԹûǳ

Ҳȡ裬ӵʵһǿ߶Ѿκβ
ߵ˵ͷȷʵ
ЦͷʹģӦ˾ԷѾУǽڴУ˵֮䣬ضûеܣ˾Ҳѡͽ⡣
ߵھΡ
˫ۻţ

ΪҶȥٴλָƽ˶סҶˣӦ˵嶼סҶǰսһŵ࣡
壬Ҳ֪Ҷ飬һʱ䣬Ҷ˲ϯǧ档
ǧ泬ֶ֮һˣˣҶˣЩԶﴫ˵ҶͣǿٲȻҶΪǧһһˡ
ƶ֮УҶС
ħ壡
ΪھһΣòȥһħ壬϶ûģһΣûа취
ھҪ
ܿ죬ҶţһΣ˳ȥԱûиȻʶҶ
һˣһһ
һ˿еĻ񣬡֪ͨǲҪشˣȻ͵õùˡ
ĵˣȻϢˣ

Ҷ뿪ɨһܣҪȥʱɫͻȻһ䣬ܿ죬һͻȻü䴦λãͬʱһڳ𣬡ǧһţһޣԭô


2004 ǰ壡
ҶǰһӡӶʮ꣬һϮۣ߸Ժͷһʺӡǣӡǳ״ҹ졣
Уһɫĳ״ʱ⽣Ҷü䡣
ӿҶǴЦ
Ӳûз֣ҶƤ£˸ŵ⡣
ҶҪ˵ʱͻȻջ˽˰ɾ롣
еĽʱ˸ӿҶ΢ƣףҶĴ˵ʲôǧһţʲôһޣһеʵ
˵⣬ЦЦ֪϶˵֮ǰ͵Ϯ㣬ûϵҸһλᣬҿǴǧһ޵ʵ
вҶͻȻ
ԣ΢΢һ㶣漴Цݽںڸˡ
䣬ͻȻһһ˲Ҷǰ
ԶҶָһ㣬ǰǵ˲ɢ

ԶһĨ죬е˼
£ͻȻսҶվһ̣һֱ̣õҶǰĿռըѿͬʱҶΧǧڵĿռֱӹѿǱѵġ
һ֮ǿˣ
ȻüͷȴΪҶվһ¶ûС
ӿҶãȻȷʵе˼ˡ
ʱԶҶͻȻ֮ǰʸ⣬˭ģ
Цôˣ
Ҷҡҡͷֻնݳ

ͻȻЦҶҶնݳЦˣ֪˺ˣ
䣬ָָԼǰͻȻһССĽ֣
Ц֪˭˰ɣնݳԼÿЦ𣿡
ң
Ҷû뵽ǰӾȻǱˡѾʼעˡ
ɱһ·
ЦλôǱңȡԼĹΣ
Ҷû˵ƽܿ죬ڣһʼת
תͻȻһơоƣɫʱԶҶеĽͻȻʧˡ
ˣ
һֱӱһǧɿ⣡
ǧ⣬ӵͷ˿ԼеĽеĽѾѿ
֧飡
ʱͻȻ̧ͷԶгһת󽣹˸
һĻɫһڣضЩܿ죬ӿལ֮УɲǼ䣬ܣһ佣ЩԽԽ࣬ѩۼӵܡ
һĻԶҶ΢΢һ㶣ɱ
֪˽Զüͷ
ҶɫЩŹ֣ܿ죬еĽʧˣʧһ˲ΧЩͻȻֻһ˲䣬ҶΧͳ佣ӱֱӱҶһ
ûѡأѡ˻ˣ
Ȼܿ쾪סˡֻԶҶĽͻȻˣÿһλӽһ佣䣬һϢʱ䣬ҶΧЩѾȫʧ
ôܡŵĿҶ⽣ǿ֮һ
ôƵˣ
ɱ
ҶЦЦ⽣ǼģҲо⽣ŵȱ㣬ǳǰʩչ⽣ɱѰ·
ô֪˽Ҷһ֪㣡
Ҷʼ磬µģ
ԣɫʱʱԶҶͻȻʧԭأһ̣һ˲佫û
ս
һӾͱֱѹƣȫȫѹƣ˭ʶϻٶϣ
ʮϢ
أ
һըֱӱ˳ȥһɣǧɣһͣҶٴγǰţҶ̧־һ£
أ
ٴη˳ȥһΣھѪ
ҶҪٴγ֣ʱͻȻתͷʣĬһ˲ҶգǰԶӣҲһסûʱ棬ңȻӴ㣡
䣬תֱӻһʧʡʱһͻȻʵĿ겢ӣҶ֮ǰվλõĺʮɴ
أ
ĿռͻȻըѿţһ˳
֮УһѪۣѪΣ
ԷʦԶ˹
ӿ˿ĵĽۣȻһ㣬ˣ
ӳĬ򲻹Ǵ򲻹ҽڣҽڣֻƲ
̧ͷʣߣԿһϸĽ⣬ܿȻ׷ûѡȥ׷
ãӵɱȻҹûʲôرĽ飬ǣҲûйԹѰΪһ鷳
ͷˣҴˣ
ӵɱһûˣǣɱǣɱһλСʦɻšȥǿսɱһǳ롣ʱѹ㻹ڣǿҲ᳹ûˡ
˵⣬ҡҡͷλСʦ壬ȻɱһڴˣҲһֻ۱һֻۣϾ˼ûгƳɱһȻƳɱһλɱһСʦ϶ǻᷢ쭵ġ
ѹס𣿡ʡ
ѹס
ӵǣ˼Ҳһֱɣ棬ұ˭ѹסڣһɱһĴˣһģȻɱһûйܣζţ֮϶ǴʲôЭ顣ԣ£ɱһ֮飬ǲͣ
ӵɱһηһˣһǽޣԾ̲סˣ
Цڿˣ
ӵ˵ͷǿ
Цˣܲǿ֪ЩмŴĵطŸᲢۣ𣿡
ӳĬ
ӵһ̾Сӣ֪ģ֮УҶܹɻͬױţͲʮʮˣÿһ˶ܹɻ㡣ţΪʮˣѾĴУڰй۲ǣ׼ǡʮˣһЩҲĴҵУЩˣÿһǳŰ
ҶأӵʮȣΣ
ӿ˿ԼģȻĬú󣬵ǰ壡
ǰ壡


2005 רθֲ
뿪Ҷֱӳħȥ
֮ǰҵ飬ûôϡ֮飬Ժ϶ڡҲ֪Ѿʼעˣ
СΪã
һҶһƽԭһۿȥ֮Уǿݲݣޱȡ
Ҷٶȼӿ죬ܿ죬ͣǰһڿݾе󣬾ڳаɡ
ͨħ
ھͨħһͨ
ҶһħסûԥҶһԾֱȥ
׹䣡
ģҶܳһ⡣ռھһռ
֪˶ãҶоԴһѣΣܿ죬ѣθоʧˡ
Ҷ۾۴ǼƵĴɽ£һ
ħ壡
ߺˣʱһͻȻһԴ
ҶתͷȥԶһźɫ׵ӡ
Ҷô
ӵ˷ħߣҪɰöɾʯ
öɾʯ
ҶһӣȻָһһöɽӵǰ
ɨһɽ䣬Ȼ߰ɣ
Ҷ£ħ˶𣿡
ӿһҶӦΪʥżɣ
̬ܿҲͣΪҹطˣʲôߡǰλǸɲĸо˵ҶɾʯҲʲô
Ҷ˵ͷ
ӵʱȷʵͦģĶУûȻԷ϶ҲˣӦ
壿Ҷӡ
ӵ˵ͷħУȻҹħ塣һεʥżʥˣǿ϶ǲģħѾ׼ãʱҪѹˣ
ҶЦҲģġ
䣬Ҷתһʧԭء
УɫһɣɿƣģһöҪ񣬾ǵŽȻͨ档
һɽϣҶ̧ͷȥ߾ͷ಻ĸɽҶ˫ۻһᣬ۾ɽ
ɽʥżֵĵط
ԭأҶĬƬ̣Ȼҽһһ⽣Ľ£һ̣һֱʡ
ƶ֮УҶ˫΢գС
Ѿڡ
ҶǰȻǰԱ˽𣿡
ĬƬ̣Сӣ䵣ı絣һµңҲôǣҲ֮䣬ҲձңһҲй֮
ԣҶɬһЦеңбңҲˡ
ȻУǣôҲٰɣ
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Ҷ˵ͷףǸоԼδ·鷳ܶడ
鷳𣿡
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Ҷ΢΢ҡͷҲôģڣҲŷ֣Խ鷳Խ󣡡
Խ鷳Խ
ߴ½һ·Ҷ𵱳ǿ˲֪ٱȻ鷳ûм٣ԽԽ࣬ԽԽˡ
ջ˼Ҷˣ֪һаڸңܹоõ𣿡
ܣ
ΪΣҶ⡣
ļҸߡ
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˷ǧıԴƬ֮һͬģҲǵλʥΪֻѹǻɱˡλʥʹõҲɱƬıԴҪŭģ
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ԣҶ˲϶ֽţ
С֪º󣬰ºǻûѣǾ֤ض϶ֽţ
Ҷ˫ۻұҪѪĴۣ
϶ۣݴ
ںС϶һʱҶ뿪˺ΪϾҪˡ
һʱҶͣǰ治ԶһʯǣɸָľʯɣõԵøĴҸһּӲУ
Ҷ̧ͷȥǳϷ֣ʯǣ
֣Ҳʯͷɣ
ʯǣ
ҶһǳţȻ˹ȥͨ裬ûκ谭˳СսǣһӾ͵ǰ
ħˣ
Ҷһ۶ԷȻ£
ħ꿴һҶģ
Ҷҡҡͷǣ
ħͻȻһץסҶ·ȻҶᵽԼǰôоЩ飿
Ҷֱ꣬˵ˣҲǡ
ħǷһĨЦڣԽоˣ
ʱҶͻȻֱ֣ӿסħĺȻħȴǷһĨЦӵܹ
ǲ
һͷѵڳħȻֹû
Ҷħĺ͵ؾһҡ
أ
ֱըѿ
ҶһŲؿλãңǲġ
ħҶʱҶҽ͵һȡ
ۣ
ħжʱһѪ
Ҷ꣬
Ӿǲħŭȡ

ҶǷһĨЦרθֲ
䣬ħ͵ؾԱߵһҡ
أ
ֱӹ̮


2006 ͽ
飡
УҶħӵһֻŲϳңΧ治ϹѣʯѪɣҲ̶á
˿̣Ѿۼ˲ħˡ
ס֣
ʱһŭͻȻԶ
ȻҶûֵͣ˼ѾĿȫǵħҡ

һŭ𣬽ţһӰҶȥ
ʱҶͣȻתһȭ
飡
һըǵӰֱӱԭء
ֵһ׵ӣӴԼʮ꣬Ŀ࣬ҶȣҶһС
ӿ˿ԼȭͷȭͷѾѿɼ׹ǡ
̧ͷԶҶһĨأǺˣ
ҶһŽµħߵһԣȻô
ģ
ʱһǱҶһϢħͻȻ
壡
ħĻħ˶ҶĿⲻơǿǱ׼֡
ʱҶͻȻħǰ˶δع£Ҷֱӽ֪ΪΪ֪ҲģȴҪҵ鷳
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һĶֱӷ˳ȥڷɳɺ˵ϡ
һȷħҶתͷɨһܣȻңģ
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΢΢һ㶣ʱҶûԼϢܵҶϢ󣬳Щħɫ΢һЩ˵ǲҪħ꣬ǲҫ
ģ
ħѾʼߡҶҲûڳ֣ǳԶȥ
һħ壬ɲµģǣ˭Ҫ鷳Ҳáɱɱôʹ
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ǿߣ
Ͳʮ꣬ʮļǿߣ츳ˣ
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ηЦҶ֣û´ӦΪʥżģɶԣ
Ҷ˵ͷҲǰɣ
ηЦ־ͬˡˣ־ͬϵѣҶֲһ𣿡
ҶҪܾʱηֵҶֶʥżӦ֪Ĳɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪ȷʵ࣬ô
ηʥżλɽɽħ뺣ı߽罻ʴΪħߣұںǱߣԲűΪɽ
˵ʲôҶʡ
ηЦҶ֣ʥżɲôýġգһɽħ뺣ΪʥżԵʣЩһɱ˶ᱦĹ˵˻δɽѾˣ
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Ҷηֱӳ˾ʯǣڳһСɽ֮ϣҶһһŮеһϮۣһǹŮһϮưɫȹƲһ
пŮ
ǣֳֳǹĿҶϡ
ηЦλҶ֣ھʯżȻġ˵ţҶŮӣλ֣Ҳ壬Աλǰͬ塣
밢һҶȻ΢΢ͷǴ˸к
ҶҲ˵˵ͷȻηھߣ
η˵ͷȻҿҲ˷ʱ䣡
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㿴һҶû˵
ʱһԵηЦҶͲ֪˰ɣҶǺųǴǧһţȻûʲô˳ϣȦӵǲϵġϾûȥǸ۰񡣵Ȼһޣпܵġ
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Ҷ΢΢ͷȻˣ˵Ǹʲô۰Ǹʲô⣿
ηһҶ㵵Ҷû
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ҶĴҵűȰҪǿ
ô˵
η˵ĴҵźȷʵҪһЩǣⲻЩžͱͺñ۰ǰʮǼǱĴЩţһҲģ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷû˵ʲôʱηֵҶܹȥЩһȻҲʲôߣʵӦܹǰʮġȻԶﴫǾˡ
һԣͻȻҲΣͽʵ벻ף츳ȫԳΪ嶰ΪҪȥأ
壿Ҷ㣬˾˵ģ
΢΢ͷ˾ѾͨҶͽκ˲ðӡ
Ҷû˵ˡڿǲܻȥˡȻһȥ޾鷳ᳯӿ˾Ҳɱݰ
ʱηͻȻҶ֪Ҷһ壿
һԵ밢ҲҶ
ҶЦһССļ壬˵λҲ֪
η˿һҶû˵ʣе㲻֪Ȥˣ
һʱ
ǵˣʱηͻȻ
ͣȻǰȥ
ʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬ڣܿ죬ڴҶ㵵⡭


2007 ɽ
Ҷǰһʱڲ
ңӵǱ
ô£
ҶüͷʱǱͻȻͣҶǰ
Ҷס˽ʱ΢΢£Ǻָֻܿƽ
еĽ˼һᣬҶ˳˺
ʱһԵηͻȻҶ֣ͻȻ֮ǰħսʱõƺޣ
Ҷ˵ͷǰɣ
ޣ
ԣе밢㳯Ҷ˹
ޣ
޵ĻǷǳٵģΪ̫ʹˡ˵ޣŰħ壬ⷽ棬̫̫ˣ
ʱηЦ޿ǺټģҶ̶ֳܹȣ
ҶЦЦû˵ʲô
ʱͻȻ̧ͷԶԶɽɽرߣǧɣȴһͷ߾ͷһƬ޾
˿̣ɽϿգһ׹˸
׹⣬ҶһɫΣգ׹ĸоΣգ
ʲôҶʡ
ηҡҡͷ֪˵ţɨһܣȻ߰ɣ
ܿ죬ɽɽš
ʮͷǵ׹Ȼڡ
η̧ͷȥ׹⣬һأõ޷ﵽɽɽʥĵطӦɽ
Ҷûǿȥ׹⣿
η΢΢һЦʥ˳֣ȻǿƵġǣΪҪƵҶ֣ʵʥżЩϼһǵġ˵ʥżպÿԶеšȻһʲôżЩϼһͳЩĻɳʲô
Ҷƿԡ
ʱηЦõģ׹Ȼǿ󣬵ǣҲûнİ취Ҫ֪طģɶǰ֮һš
˵ţָָָм䣬һŽɫƬ뿨ħħ룬ʵŶյ뿨˵⣬̧ͷɽɽǵ׹⣬һƲˣʮٸأ
û뿨ʱͻȻ˵һ䡣
ηЦ£ħǺ뿨ġߣ
䣬ηһֱӻһʧԶ
밢Ҳæȥ
ԭأҶ̧ͷһǵ׹⣬üͷ΢壬ǰ׹ЩоЩĸо
ϤУ
׹⾹ȻоЩϢ
Ҷ֣ڲϣȵɾҪ·ˣʱԶη
Ҷջ˼һʧԭء
ܿ죬ηҶɽɽµһٲǰٲ·ѾʮˡҶɨһۣʮˣͶǼ
磬Ӳȱţ
ҶˣԶΪ׵һźɫ۵Ӷη΢΢ͷȻһҶһۣλǣ
ηܵλ㣬ҲǼǿߣԱλǰҲǼǿߣ˵⣬ҶλҶ֣
ҶûԼϢʱ˶ܵҶľ硣
ŵ
Ҷ֣ɫ֮дžȣȻҲһǴһ˿
η㵵Ҷ֣ŵ
Ҷ˵ͷôˣ
η춯˶ȻЩΡ
𿴳Щ˱Ҷֻ߳һСףǣ˵һСףǾ֮Խսĺܶ࣬ǶǡǣԽսҲǷ˵ģ
֮ͬУܹԽսǵģУԺ١ǰλôֳ
ҶҲһ˾οЩ˵˼ЦЦ磬ȫһ˵ʵ𣿡
Ŷ
ʱԶһͻȻ˹Ц˼ǣȻֻŵǣһҲЩĲ˼𣿡
Ҷһ꣬Ȼûб˼
ҿ˼ֱҶҪף
ʱҶͻȻʧԭءٴγʱѾǰ귴ӦҲǼ죬̧־һƳռʱһ
Ȼ
أ
˵Ŀ֮УֱӱҶһȭ䵽ɿ⡣
һ̣ĿⶼҶϡ
ԶҶ꣬ʵ˵һ㶼ûһ㶼ǲҾ˼
䣬Ҷһֱʧԭء
أ
תͷԶԶֱӵײɽ֮ϡ
أ
ɽھһʯ¡
ʱҶֱӳӵǰȻס˶ԷĺҵĻ𣿡
ֱҶû˵
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Ҷ֣飡ʱһԵηͻȻ
ҶһηȻһɣֱӵ˵ϡ
ηЦЦȻһǺ꣬ħ֣ʵ԰ɣ
ħһҶȻޣ
Ҷǣ
ħ΢΢ͷ̶ֳ֮ȣѵáȻֻŵǣԣһҲҵȲиµļ룬ǳɹֽһЩ
Ƶǵ׹⣿Ҷ
ħ΢΢ҡͷǰЩŶ֣лƵǣЩˣԶԶܡǰ׹֮ǿɱһλǿߣ
ǣһԣηʣεǶ
ħЦܼ򵥣ֵֻֿҪܹɽͿˣΪֻҪɽͲ׷ɱǡ˾ͨⷽϵɽ
жȥˣηʡ
࣡ħ˵лᣬϾʥ˵ĴУ϶ôõõġң˵ˡ϶ҲǵôӣֻҪõӣ˵Ҳһ
ӣ
ҶһħһҲǸƲ簡Ҳرǿ߾֮˭ȭͷӲ˭ġԭģǣȭͷӲҲɱ˵ģ
ھȥη
ħ˵ͷ˵һ㣬ڴһϣڼ䣬ǱŽᣬһ¶⡣Ҫ֪طѾ֣ǲŽᣬضᱻԷơɱ˶ᱦ飬λӦöİ
˵˵ͷʾû飡
ħ̧ͷһɽİ׹⣬߰ɡǰ׹ǳֵֵ֣ǿһҪȫ׹⣬նɱǿߣ
䣬ħ˵˿첽ɽȥߵļ죬ɫΪ䱸
ߵɽʱǵ׹ͻȻһ̶ļת˲ǵ׹⳯Ҷ˵
һĻħɫʱ
Ҷ˫ȴԲôܡ


2008 ģ

Ҷܵ˽Ű׹֮Уһ֮ǰԶûиܵڣĸܵ˽
˭Ľ
Ҷ룬ΪǵŽİ׹Ѿͷ
һ̣Ҷħ֮ǰԣ׹⣬ܹնɱǿߣ
Σգ
ǳΣգ
֣
ʱͻȻħֻħһȭȭͷһֻʮɵľ޴ȭͷͻȻεض𣬳ǵ׹ȥ
Ȼֻ޴ȭͷһӴǵ׹˲ɢޡʱħΧЩ˾Ҫ֣Ȼǵ׹ȴ˲£׵ħδӦ˾ֱ
䣡
˲䱻ɱ
һĻηɫ䣬һæɵУߣ
䣬һֱӳԶȥ
Ҳ׷ߡ
ҶȻҲ⣬ɲһ㽣ûаܹˣʱҲʼӡ
Ȼǵ˭׷ֻ׷
һĻҶƤһ̲סŭʲôӸг𣿡
ٶȼӿ죬Ȼǵ졣
ԶηȻǿһĻ
Ϊ׵η΢΢ҡͷ˵һᡣߣɽ
£ֱӳɽȥ
һԣһۣ󣬰ȥ
ԣ㾪㵵ĿŰ㣬⡣
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䣬һֱʧԭء
ԭأ΢΢ҡͷظ
£ֱӳɽȥ

һߣҶٶԽԽ죬Ȼǵȴ׷ᡣҶֱͣͣʱǵҲͻȻͣǰ
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֮ͣΪûиܵɱ⡣⣬ƺûʲô⣡
ǵ׹΢΢˲ܿ죬ֱƮҶǰȻţڱʲô
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼַǰ׹ϣ׹ɢȥһָֻĽǰ
ʰɫһƻ档
ҶһǰĽң
ƽʱһ¡
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Ϊʲôܼ򵥣Ϊǽޡ
ԭأҶԥ£Ȼסƽסƽʱǽֱûڡ
Ҷ˺ڣУƽʱҶ㵵Ŀ֮УƽֱûңӵǱ֮С
ˣ
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ҶһУǽУǰĽҶĬˡ
ãҶ뿪˺
뿪ҶɨһܣҪ뿪ʱͻȻһԣ
ռ΢΢һһŮ˳
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΢΢ͷҲǡ˵ţ̧ͷɽѾȥˡ
Ҷ̧ͷһɽȻҲȥɣ
㿴һҶȻкɻ󣬵վûʲôˡҶԣƼˮ꣬ڼʣǾԵе㲻ʶȤˡ
ҪɽʱͻȻһƿͻȻ˶ת˲Ҷ밢ǰ֮УǱĵƬ
ЩƬֱָҶ밢Ҫ
ȻЩƬٶȼ죬ǶҶ˵ٶȣеûжֱһȭȭǰļöƬֱӱһȭƬ
Ҷתͷ㣬ʱǰЩƬҲѾʧڰУһ֮ϣ˸
һۣͬʱԶӰԶӶȥ
ȻеڼʶҶ˵ʵ󣬹Ϸɱ˶ᱦ
׷𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷ˷ʱˡ
䣬Ҷ̧ͷǽߵɽһ̣һֱɽǰ
ɽҶɨһܣȻǰ濴ȥԶһۿͷ
ʱǰָǰǱߣǺ磬ʥżǺħı߽紦
ߣ
Ҷ£ҽһ㣬Ѿǧֻ⡣
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ûУ
ηҡҡͷȻָԶСɽµʥżǣǣϲȥǣ֮ǰ˶ͣˡûһܹȥ
ΪΣҶ⣡
ηжţ
ԣҶ˫΢У̧ͷȥɨһСɽ£ȻʲôҲûм
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η
ʱԶһηתͷȥֻһ۵ӻ
֣
ηæ˹ȥЦ֪кηԸ
ǽӿһҶˣȻλǣ
ηЦλ·ʶλѣҶ㡣˵ţҶ밢죬λ֣λֿ֮һ
֮һ
Ҷɿһ죬ǰشǼһģ
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻѾȻһֶԸǼһ
֮أʱηͻȻʡ
֮󣿡
ЦЦη֣ʵĿЩˡ֮Ȼȥʥ˴Уʥ˴Уȭͷ߾֮ʱ򣬾ȫƾԼıˡ
η˵ͷû˵ˡ
Ц߰ɣȥʶһħš
£Ҷɽ£ָԶڵһӣӱˡ
Цǲ²˭һ£Ǵأ
磿
Ҷ˳ָȥ


2009 Ҳó
ҶǰһӣʱǡȻԷòǣƾӰҶϳ˶Է
ˣҶЦû뵽ԷӦ˵û뵽һҲ
ߵ˵ıҪ˵иУͻȻתҶʱʱסܿ죬˵Ŀ֮УֱվȻߵҶǰû뵽
ǰֻһۣӳǵ
񣬳Щ˷׷׿Ҷ죬ʶ
ҶЦȻʶһ۵һֻյ䣬Ȼǲ׼ָ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷͦã
Ҷ΢΢ͷðɡ
֪⵶ֱԼϵģʲôԭҲûʹҲûʹֱǿԻָģǣû뵽ûлָ
бضʲôģǣ˵Ҳȥʡ
Ҷ֡ʱһԵηͻȻЦû뵽ʶ֣Ҷ֣Ҳز¶
ҶҶҶ΢΢һЦʱˡ
Ҷ
ǧ˵찡Ҷʣ϶鷳ġ
ҶһηȻЦʲôز¶뵶һȹơ
𣿡
ηЦЦҪ˵ʲôʱȴͻȻǵ̸ɣ
˵ţҶߵһԣߵһǰʱͻȻͣȻд磡
ס
Ҷһ꣬뵶мơ
ûзӦüͷ΢壬
ƲƲ죬ȻҶһҶȻһֻ֣磬ã
ҧĺء
ҶЦЦȻס֣ʱ͵ǣһ̣ҶҲͻȻ
ǲ
ͷͻȻɫ˲԰ʱһɵͻȻûУת˲ѵĹͷ˲䱻޸
Ҷɿ֣Ȼļ򣬽ţ򵶿񣬵ҵܵܣڤ
ҶЦ
΢΢ͷƢ˵㡣ߣкö㡣
ҶŵߵһԣڤҲ˹ȥ
ͣȻ飬Ѿ֪ˡڣħ궼ס֡
壿һԣڤ㶣ܿ죬뵽ʲô͵תͷҶ㣬ǡ
ݵˣ
Ҷ
ڤ㵵ĿҶ
Ҷ
ʱڤͻȻߵҶǰЩ˷ܵһ֮սţ
ҶҡͷһЦȻ򵶿񣬡һΪ˴ж
˵ͷǰɡҪǣ⴫ħ岻У
壡
Ҷԥ£ûиߵھ飬뵶ڲͽˡȻھģħģǣţ֪ھڵĴضǲԹ۵ģ
õͽ飬һеͺˣ
ʱСɽϣһͷţһͷԶгֹû´ͷţӦʥ˵ʥȻ䣬ţȴڡȻػʥˣ
ţ
Ҷüͷ΢壬Էʲô׵ģ
ʱӦöףңͨסԭһЩģˣЩһ֣Ӧûǲģ
Ҷ̧ͷСɽ¿ȥţ
طܸһĸо
𣿡
ҶջĿ⣬Ȼ߰ɣ
΢΢ͷȻҶǰɨһˣȻ֮ǰ˵ǳţ֮Ǹ߸·ʥ˴УȫƾԼı¡λûɣ
ҡҡͷ
һ֣
䣬΢΢һһУһ̣һƿնȥҪɽʱһӰͻȻǵǰת˲ǵֱӱײķ飡
أ
һͷʮɵȻҶ˵ǰ
ţ
ͷţֻֻţ壬ͷȴţ״ͷɳľ޴ţǣţǶ˼񣬷·˺һСţһ˫֣Щˣֱ׳ӣҳ
ţȫ⻬ޱȣϸͻ֣ᷢʵһƬЩƬĹ⻬һ澵ӣ
ͷţɫ
ѹȸУ
ǳţȻ΢˽ǸܵһǿҵѹȸУ
еѾˡɵСͷ
ǳţ˫ͭ壬һ۵ˣһֽ̣ճȭȻնŵ˾һȭ
䣡
һǿϯֱӽηǧɿ⡣
ҶҲǱǹسɣԶǵ밢㣬ź۵ӡ
һ̣˶Ϊ׵Ҷ
ղһĻѾֳ˳˵ʵҶ˵̣ζţҶʵǼǿġ
ηһۣȻһۣ֪
ηҡҡͷ
򵥣
˵ţ̧ͷԶ
ԶǳţĿҲҶϣһҶ󣬳ţͻȻһԾֱӳҶײ˹ȥ
һĻһҶԣȻеĳǰ͵ؾһ
ʱҶȭͷҲǽȻһȭ
أ
䣡
ըҶ뵶ֱӱسˣɺҶͣȻֱץס˻˵ĵļ򣬵ʱͣɫȴЩÿ
ҶɫҲЩأţʵĻҪǿ
ʱǳţͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶͷϿգţ䵹ת壬ȻһȭҶԴȥ
ҶԣҪ֣ʱҶȴ΢΢һ𣬵ֱӱʮɿ⡣ʱҶͻȻҽ͵һ壬˻һ׹
˵Ŀ֮УҶֻСȭͷţֻȭͷֱӵķʽײһ
أ
˵ע£Ҷֱӱһȭ䵽˵صףһԣɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ʱһӰͻȻǵص׳Ȼһȭǳţǰ
أ
ţ˿ǵӰ˽ɣ
ǱԼ˵ģ
ӰҶ
һĻɫǳţеˡ
ʱǳţͻȻһָͷȻҶ˹֮⣬Զ
ҶĬһ˲ȻҡҡͷʲôģҲǺóóȺŹ˵ţתͷηˣʲôһϰ
ˣ


2010 Ψҽ
һϣ
ɫЩŹ֣˶ΪҶҪ޵ء
һ֣
ʱͻȻڳ£һʱһƿǳţȥ
һԣҲǷ׷׳֡
ԶǳţһĨſȻ͵ؾһɨ
һɨΧĿռֱŤ黨״
֮ͬʱһǿ֮ϯ籩һ˲ϯҶ˵ǰûκ⣬Ҷ˲䱻˳ȥԶǸ㱻ǧɣ
ʱǳţδ֣ͣ˫͵سһġ
أ
һһǿҶ׵壬ֱӱٴγˣ˸羫Ѫ
غϣҶ˾Ѿɾ
ɵУ
еͷţǿҪǿ̫̫ࡣ
ҶҲɫޱȵĳأţоЩΣʹýҲԸԷʲôʵԵ˺
Ƿֲ̫Щ
ʱǳţͻȻһָȻҶ˹˹
ƣ
ƣ
Ҷԣô죿
ҶôҲҪ֡һˣǼ򵥻ɫղ֮ɾΪǳţʵǿ󣬻һԭǾǴҶûоȫ

˶ڱҶڱ
΢΢ͷȻλ֣ʥ˴дҶˡȫ
䣬ͻȻ˿Угӿ볤֮УʼҲһ۵âֶ
Щâ籩һ㳯ǳţȥÿһâеĿռֱ˺˿
ˣ
һĻеԥһºҲ׷׳֡һΣÿһ˶ûڱʵ˵ʹҲûбˡ
ʮλһλǿˣ
ʱԶǳţ˫ͻȻţ˵Ŀ֮Уȭͷ֮ϳ˵âȭͷϣ˫֮Ҳ˹ĺâ
룡
ǳţͻȻҶһŭ𣬽ţ˫ȭ͵سǰһ䡣
䣡
һ𣬵׵Щâ˲仯ޣͬʱֱӷ˳ȥ·ͬˣǻûӦֱӷ˳ȥ
أ
ʮӰڵأ汻ҳһһӡ
УҶվš
ǳţһ˺󣬲ûм֣վԭأĿԶǻվŵҶϣţһָҶ˹
ԶҶ΢ƣûýֻһֵ̣ܣһֻõİɫצ

ֻɫצҶһֱӳǳţȥգۼ˳ţǰȻһצǳţȥ
ţĿҶֻõצϣüͷ΢塣
ʱҶצѾţûж̧־һȭ
أ
һȭֱӺҶֻצϡ߾һת˲Ҷ˰ɿ⣬ǳţҲʮɵľ롣ȭͷϣһǳǳצӡ
һĻǴһĨ𾪡
ԶǳţһԼȭͷȻҶ׼ȷ˵ǿҶȭͷϵֻצ
Ҷ˿ԼȭͷȭͷѾѿţĳ̫̫ˡ
ţܣ
Ҷջ˼ҪýֻýܹţһսʱǳţͻȻָָҶȻһָԶСɽ¡
Ҷסס
һᣬҶȥ
ǳţ˵ͷ
һĻɫʱЩŹˡȻеЩ֪ʲô
ҶûйˣʣΪʲô
ţüͷȻٴָָСɽ¡
Ҷ˵ʲôͻȻߵԣȻΪʲôˣȥ˵
أҶ
Цأһﲻȥȥ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷȻһǳţû˵ʲôֱӳСɽȥ
ţÿ·û
˵Ŀ֮УҶʧСɽϡ
У˳Ĭ֪ʲô
һԵĳţˣû뿪
һᣬͻȻλȸˣ
䣬һʧԭأһ뿪ģηԼˡ
뿪һЩҲ׷뿪
ԭأֻʣµص׻ħꡣ
ڤЩһ
΢΢ͷùܣžͺã

ҶСɽ¶¶ֻһСéݣéݺǼ򵥣˵ǺܼªõһЩӲľɣסģ
Ҷɨһܣܿ죬ɫ
ܣһ׵ۣÿһĲס
ɣ
ʱһϵͻȻé
ҶéݣûԥߵéǰȻƿéݵţڣһߣͷ׷ݲϣɢŵ׹⡣
˫΢գû۾
ʱͻȻ
ԭˣ
⣬ҶǳţΪˡΪػޡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ֵ࣬Ϊϡ
ҶʣǰҲࣿ
ࣿ
΢΢ҡͷᡣû˭˭֮˵οҲԨԴ֮ʣֻǵĺˣ
Ҷһλǰ͸ģ
Ӧˣ
ߵҪӦػߣɶԣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǰŪǰΪλڵأԼǰħС֮ǣѴиҰɣ
߳ĬãȻ㲻ʺҴˣ
ΪΣҶ⡣
ߵ׵ģ
ҶҡҡͷǺף
ߵԭܶ࣬һɱ̫ǿߵҴУбҵϢȻ֮ǲìܣǣ̫࡭֮Ҳһ·ˡ
Ҷʼ磬Ȼðɣǿ󣡡
ʱֵԣ֮УȻħСὫһΪӣϣ壬ȻѰһλʵѡΣ
Ҷ˵ͷԣˣǰΪأ
ǽޣͻȻʡ
Ҷǣ
߳ĬƬ̣ȻôҲһˣһ
䣬ͻȻ֣ȻҶǰһɨ
ɲǼ䣬ҶǰĳˡӦ˵ҶǰһĻ
ɽ
ɽɽףһӳɽߵɽɽףȻ̧ͷȥãǧҽ𣡡
ҶĬ
ǰӣңӣ
ңӣ


2011 ˭ǿѰ˭
ңӣ
ҶĬû뵽ңӾȻɽû뵽ԼǧٴμңӵӰ
ջ˼Ҷңӡ
ǧΨҽ
뵽仰ҶЦЦңɻô
仰ԿңӶԼĽǺεȵţ
ǧ˭˵Լһ
ңӸң
ɽɽףңӻɽȥʱһͷȻңӵǰ
ǳţ
ţңһŭȻֱһԾңײ˹ȥ
ңɫ䣬ǰߡ
ǳţңֻʣ²ʱͻȻңʱһУһԵϣһľ֦ͻȻ
أ
ǳţ֪ΪֱӵɶԶɽ֮ϡûеȥΪǳţĸһϸС֦
֦õͷţĶɽϣ˿ܶ
ңӼǰܿ죬ɽɽɽ֮ϣһ׷ߡ
ߣʥˣ
׷߿һңӣȻδڴǧ㡣
ңֱӰ׷ߣҵģˡ
׷߳ĬãȻѹ֣ʮΪʥʧԭΪĿʲô
ңӻŰ׷ȥ֤ҽ
׷˫΢Уɱʥ֤㽣
ңӲûͣ£Ű׷ȥΪѰʥˣΪʥ㹻ǿ˭ǿѰ˭
ΪβȥѰЩʼ棿׷ʡ
ңӵһ֮󣬾ͻȥѰǡ
֮أ׷ʡ
ңͣ˽Ųǻν񣿡
׷߳Ĭˡ
ʱң˫ۻʥ˫Ұ֮һ𻺻
ͻȻӦ˵
ţ̣ͬ
֪˶ãʥ˫ͻȻſȻᳯһѹ
һѹͻȻһһǿ֮˷ϯ
֮
һ̣еңӷ·ΪС
ʱң֮УͻȻһĴָСʯͷһ̣ʯͷ˳ȥʯͷɵԽԽ죬ʯͷܣ˸ŵâ
âºͣһ㶼ۣۣ͡
һŴŵʯͷ׾ٱƵһ֮
ʱңͻȻ۾Ȼתȥ
û뵽ĽѾﵽ̶ֳȣʱңߵ
ңû˵ǰߣܿ죬ʧߵꡣ
ֹ
ҶصʵС
ҶǰߵΣ
Ҷǿ
΢΢ͷĽѾﵽĽ׵۷壬ԿΪȻԿΪǼ򵥵ΪӦԣ
Ҷ˵ͷף
νԿΪǵҲʯǣԴͨˣȻģǣԴͬ׵Ķ֣ʯɾġ
һ㣬ʯ֮޷ӳǿҪԭľ֦޷̫Ͼ֦֦ĳվһ޵ģ
ң֮ǰеǿʯӣң
ң֮ĲͬԷȻ˸Ķ˵ԷĽӸǿ
һˣõҶԽһȷķ
֪Լʲô·ˣ
ջ˼Ҷ߱˱ȭȻлˣ
΢΢һЦȻǺˣ
Ҷ֪
֪ЩȣػߣǵҴˣ
˵⣬üͷͻȻ
ôҶʡ
΢΢ҡͷҲգЩҸòĵġȻѡ֮ˣȻǲΣġ䣬ָһ㣬һŻƮҶǰ
ǣҶʡ
ߵ֮УСܹˡ
壡
ʥ˴඼ǺˣǣʥҲˣǲ˽ʹ˽ҲǶԼˣǶԱ壡
ҶŰ׹⣬Ȼģһǰѡһţ
Ц㡣˵ţٴָһ㣬һɫֻҶǰ˭ӵд׷ħ壬˵صһЩǿߣǲ㽫֮аȫߣԽͣȥĻὫ࣡
˵⣬˶٣ȻСѴӦȥ֮ǲԸ㣬ɣɺã
Ҷ˵ͷã
΢΢һЦ߰ɣ
Ҷ߱˱ȭȻת뿪éݡ
Ҷ뿪é֮ͻȻã飬顭ԭˡ
䣬建ܿ죬߳ʧé֮С
λʥˣʧ䣡
һҲ
Ҷ뿪éݺ΢΢һ̾νʥˣҲǻġ˰϶һġ

䣬˭ܹ೬ǿߣҲǻľһЩˣ
ջ˼ҶСɽ£һСɽ£ǳţͳҶǰţһҶȻ̧ͷɽţСɽ¹ȥ
һᣬţվȻĿҶϵǸֻϡ
Ĭ
ҶҲû˵ʲôƬ̣ţһûֻ֮С
ҶһֻȻߵһԵ˵ǰ
õˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ
Ǳϳһ˿ЦݣҾ֪ߣħ壡
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷԼߡ
ôɫЩá
ҶЦǽޣߣ˭סһ𣬱ضΪ鷳£أ
Ĭ
ҶĵļЦ޶סǣοڣģûܹסҡлᣬ֪ͨһֵܣȻһۣ
˵ͷãԼСġ
ҶЦھۣ
䣬ҶתһʧԶ
ԭأ֪ͨףҪȷȫ뿪ħ壡
ԣڤ磬ʵӦûİɣ
תһڤȥȥôϻ
ڤƲƲ죬ȴûи˵ʲôˣתʧԶ
̧ͷҶȥķ򣬡飬ûô򵥰

Ҷ뿪ǴСɽºɽɽŴվλãңսλá
İϤ
һֻĵĸо
ǧΨҽ𣡡
ҶҡͷһЦһΨҽ𣡡
ʱҶͻȻʮˣΪ׵η㣡
Ҷת
ηЦϲҶֻʥ˴У
ҶЦлл
ʱηЦͻȻ䣬Ҷ֣£ߣô
ҶЦɣ֪ôдҪҪҽǣѵģ


2012 ᣬᣡ
ҶĻηɫʱ
ηǷһĨЦҶôţ
ҶЦôţ
η˵ʲôһԵȴǵȻôţǾ԰ɣ
䣬ͻȻһǹһ̣䱾ֱӳҶǰгǹֱҶţ
Ҷ̧־һȭ
أ
ȭֱ˴ǹ˰ɿ⣡
һĻԶηɫһһ̣˾Ҫ֡ʱһâͻȻƿնǵâֱûηȺ֮С
أ
ηֱӳܷɢ
Ҷתͷȥֻܻܵħ
ҶҡͷһЦһˣ
ߵҶǰȻһһԵηˣЩ˽ңߣ
Ҷ˵ʲôֵЩ˷ʱˣǰܻиǿڵ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷСģ
˵꣬Ҷתһ⳯ʼȥ
ߣ
ʱηͻȻ˵ţҪ׷ʱ˳η˵ǰ
ߵ˵ǰ֣ôЩص
죬֮ǰֹķϣһ仰ְɡ֣δǺõģ
Цɲķ񣡡
Ǿսɣ
䣬д͵سǰһ

Ҷûͣٶȼӿ졣֮ԲΪŵʵǴģʵԲܹȵġ
ҪĿģǸϻھ
ʱҶͻȻͣתͷԶ
ռ΢΢һܿ죬ռ˺ѿһֳֳŮ˳
㣿Ҷüͷ
ǰ
㿴һҶȻʥ˴ϣ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵôҲҪ
ĬƬ̣Ȼԡ
ҶǾɣ
û˵΢΢һһֱӳҶƿնȥ
Ҷûгֻ̧־һȭ
䣡
ǵ˲ըѿʱҶ˫΢Уżһ㣬ֱӳʮɡ
ҶԼĺָϣһ졣
Ѫ飡
Ҷ̧ͷԶ㣬ܿ죡
ֱҶķӦҲܿ죬´οܾûôˡ
䣬ҽһ棬ֱӻһ⳯Ҷȥٶȼ죬ŵһ˲һѾҶü䡣
ǱûдҶƤΪҶָסǵüĽ
У˶ӣʱǰͻȻŽ͵ؾһҶָͻȻ˿õðĽֱ룬ȻҶȴѾõǱҶü䴩
㷴Ӧٶȼ죬һתеĽֱһС
ҶǰʱѾ۶һһһ
һ˹һء
Լ˽һӣǰͻȻͣҶģ
ҶÿһУÿһʽҶ·ԤȾ֪һ㣬õÿһζգһƣ
Ҷҡҡͷʥ˴Уòˣ
һ
ͻȻһԾһֱ̣ӳҶͷȻ˫Ž͵һ¡
ҶҪ֣ͻȻüͷȻתһȭȭһһֱȭͷ֮ϡ
أ
һըҶˣʱҶһϢһն¡ǽֵĺͻأģ
ҶӦҲ죬ҽһͣȻתһȥġ
أ
ǱֱӱҶһȭɢȻʱҶǰͻȻֳһԴ¡
Ҷɫһֻܿ죬һֻõצֵܣһ̣Ҷ͵سܾһɨ
䣡
Χһը֮ͬʱıʧˡ
Զǰûڳֱ֣ͣҶ㻹Ҫڼ

ҶЦЦȻ˲ηԼ㲻ͬȻڵ㣬Ѿһʬˡȥɣʥ˴Уô
䣬Ҷתߡ
㾿ǺˣʱͻȻʡ
ҶûлشΪѾʧʡ
ԭأĬãȻҽСҶ˵⣬˫ͻȻԲҶҶ
һ̣³Ҷݡ
ʱҶѾʮ֮⡣
ҶͨħҪȥʱһҶСѾôˣ
Ҷͣ½Ųת󣬲֪ʱһߣͷףӺܳɴء
Ҷħģ
΢΢ͷǡ
ҶЦôħ廹ǲ⴫뿪ħ壿
Цǣֻǣ⴫֮С
ҶǰӦܹó壡
߿ҶãȻСѣϷ֮λҪ⴫У֪СѿɷȻϷҲҪģСԸᣬϷǷһ飬Σ
һ飿
ҶһߣȻЦһλǿߵ飬ɲСˡֻǣĲ˼⴫УҲܸǰȥұʲôʥ˴аɡ
ԣ˫СѣãǣĶ𣿡
в
ҶЦǰв𣿡
ߵôΪ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾߵǰת˲һֱһ¡
û뵽ҶͻȻ֣΢΢һ㶣䷴Ӧ죬Ҷֵһ̧̣־һҶĽϡ
أ
һըҶ߷˿ɵľ롣
ߵͷ˿Լģ֮УһѪۣ
һĻɫʱ֮Уһ˿ء̧ͷԶҶû뵽صĺһλޣ
Ҷû˵һ̯һ֮УĿʼת󽣹ⲻǽ
һĻɫ
һ̣оΣգ
ȥ
ʱҶͻȻ£֮еǱͻȻʧ
ὣɱ
һرɫ
Զд󾪣˫͵سǰһĳ
䣡
ڵĿռͻȻһת˲ռ俪ʼѣޱȡ
һϢ
ͣ
Ѿɿ⣬һͣ˫Ʊֱӻޣ
ʱԶҶ֮Уֳһ
æ̧ͷҶ㣬Ҷ
Ҷû˵ͷô
ͻȻ˰ɣȻСѣᣬһᣬᰡ
Ҷ


2013 ϣ
᣿
ҶԭأһߣɫЩŹ֣ԼȻô
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Ůӵһ֮оˣӦûѶȵģǣҼоųɻᡣûоȳ͵֮ǰû˵Σ
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Ůϧˣ
ܿ죬ʧ
ʧʱͻȻһˣҡС治ʡ͵ĵư֪Ͳˡ


2014 壡
䣬˾Ҫߡ
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ռ΢΢һ֮ǰԭѾȥֳˡ
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߳Ĭ
ֵʵû뵽Ǽҳһλʥ壬ٺ٣е˼
ԣͻȻʧԭء
һ̡
䣡
ԲڵĿռ˲֮ͬʱڿռ֮Ľʮɵһһ˲䶼Ϊ촷ۡ
˲֪ãпռط޸ָ
У˶ӡ
䣬Цһλֻ벽ʹﵽʥ˽׵ǿ߱Ǵֱʰ
ӿһۺˣûڳ֡
ʱֵ㼧ıܴ󰡣ûϵûйϵ£ǣ
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ң˵
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˵˵ڣѾ˰ֻ֣Ҫ룬ͻ֪ǵûʽȥ
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ǣһ֮Уһӿ·һߣ֪˭𣿡
΢΢ҡͷԷץҼСӣȻС֪ͨңȻңӦҶɡ
ӵֹһˣ
˵ţ˫ۻ飬ҵҪ˭

⣬Ҷھһ֮УתҶ£Ϊ£Ҽ֮вֶĵڶҪΪޡ¼סԼĳŵ
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˵ţھļ򣬡úûţֵܼ۾ۡ
˵꣬Ҷûͣתһʧʡ
ԭأھ˺һᣬȻеİ׹⣬ָһ㣬׹ֱûü䡣
ھʱӲס
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ھǰӣϵ֪ʲô𣿡
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ھһλǿߵĴУʥ˴У
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ס棿
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ӳĬ
ԭأھɫ䣬ȥ̫үү˵ӻʥ˴СǣҪӻڼңһǾǣҪڼҼ


2015 ֣
Ҷ뿪壬Ȼһ뿪壬ͱʮŽɫ׵Ӹסˣ
壡
ҶЦЦĿ죡
ʵѾԤˡôȥˣδҲ̫ˡ
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Ԥϣ΢΢һӣɲǼ䣬ʮͻȻҶȥ
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ԷɳݣȻǲκλᣡ
Ҷ˫ۻһ̣ǰʮʮݺύһֱӽʮǰ
赲סЩ֮ʮֱӻʮ⳯ߵ˵ȥ
磡
ʱԶͻȻָһ㣬һ㣬еǱǹͻȻת˲ǹӰ˲佫Ҷʮ顣ͬʱһǹѾҶǰ
Ҷɫ䣬̧־һ̳

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ǰȻҲǣԲһǿߣԷǳΣյĸоرһ̣֪ȫɣ
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ңԶʣҶС
ߵû׷ҶɫҲһɣȻʱҶǰԶһӡ˫ָ俴

Ҷͣû뵽Գ֣
˭ܱ㣡
ҶҪ˵ʱһͻȻһԴҵҪôɱ


2016 С룡
˫΢Уתͷȥ
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Уһǹӡ
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ˣҶʱסһʶǸҴеǼһ
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Ĭһ˲һӳҶǰӿһҶȻС룡
䣬һӣлָǰһš
˽֮Уź󣬱ж졣
ҶǰһɽɽǺܸߣֻɣɽԼɼһЩĹ
ɽܣƮһưɫҲʱзɽɾ
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ҶɽӵĴ£ҶһС֮УǲһСǣӦ˵ǳСʮˣ
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ܿ죬ҶһۡյǸۡĴžʹ˿ţһŮ˳ŮӼhã
ŮߵҶǰе鵢飬޷ǰּ֣£
Ҷ¡ܸһĵط
ŮӿһҶЦȻ
ãλǣ
ʱһһԴһӢĻӳҶ˹
ҶǰŮЦλ֣ҽĿˣҪĿˣ

ǻĿҶϣ֪һҡ
Ҷң
ңüͷ΢壬û
ҶֻһС塣˵ţǰŮӡ
Ůȴûд·˼Ц֣λֿɲ򵥣ҽۣǺܸߺܸߵģ
𣿡
ǽнĿҶϴš
ҶǰŮӻ˵ʲôʱҶͻȻһСƨţûȤ˷ʱ䣬ûȤЩ˼ڼɿһףΪʲôô죡


2017 һǣ
ȻҶǰŮΪҪǣҶǰŮ˷ʱ䡣
ңΪġ
ҶĻŮɫʱЩÿˡû뵽ҶȻ˵ֱף˵˵ֱӡȻҶ˵Ĳӣ
ôãӵˣϸ˵ǵһ
һԵǻЩˬˡ
վ˼ǰֱҶһֱ̣˦һҶ
һУҶݿܶ⣡
ҶȻᱻУֱӾһȭ
䣡
ǽ˲䱻˰ɿ⣡
ͣ󣬽һԼ֣˿ֵֻ̣ĹͷѾѣ
ɫ˲̧ͷҶԭһޣ
䣬Ҫ֡
ס֣
ʱһһԴ
ҶתͷȥǼhֻػ߶ڼhߡ
ûڳ֣h˳
h΢΢ҡͷ˽ĻӻȥϢɣ飬Իᴦ
ԣǽɫЩѿˡ

h򽪻ô
һҶȻתȥ
һԣǼҲߣǣǼhȴͻȻڣȥʡһ¡
Ŷ
һһԵҶȻתʧ˲Զ
ߺ󣬼hҶСף֮£ԣ˸ղһĻֲûʲô⣬Ҫ⡣
Ҷ˵ͷС¡
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䣬hҶұߣܿ죬һ֣֮һСӣˮ峺ףС֮һӽݡ
hԭҾĵĵطֿܰʱסģ֣
Ҷǰȥǽ㼧ҵʲôޣ
h죬ǳ
Ҷ˵ͷȻݣʱǼhͻȻ֣
Ҷת򼧫h
h֣ʱֹܲҼҡ
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hǸطĴ干ͬӵУԣʱֱܻҵˡ
ȻأҶhļͻ
h΢΢ͷи˾վһߵġ
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˵꣬Ҷʧ
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УҶ˵ڶ㣬ǰǻڻ˯϶
ôˣҶԵС죬ʡ
СʱϸȫѾָҲûʲôëǡ
ôҶʡ
Сҷ֣Ļǣһǣؼһǣ
ԣҶɫ˲ֽţ
Сҡҡͷ̫ȷҲпСʱʲô⣬ԣʱСһ²С
ҶΪβң
С㣬Ͳ뿪ˣ𣿡
ҶĬ
Сڵ㣬ʵӲƴԣֻ뿪ŸҸ㣬µľһ嶯ȥˣ
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С˵ͷȻ϶֮ϵ
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С΢΢һЦã
СһҶʼŵȻһЩǿߵʵ˶٣ܹɱǿߣǣվ̫Щ
ͻң
ʱһһȥڣתѹȥһ¡ҶÿȻС档ֵһ˵ǣСһСȦ֮⣬Сȫëѩˣѩһ㡣ԴˣСҲ֪Ϊʲô
ҶһС죬СĽǣСҪˡ
ף
Сһ磬С飬ûжġ
ҲǿġǶ֪Ҳر࣬ϵԷѾ뿪ϵңСЩһ
ֻںųģ
СĻҶͷ˿Ѿ˯СףЦ֪һ׺ʲô
С׵δЩڴġ
ʱѵҶС׽СȻ뿪˺
ݣҶһ
һȻûнջĶ࣬ջ񣬸ľϵΪڼңʥһս󣬶ԽһЩ򣬶£ЩȫգȻһЩµ
ȻսǣĽȴǷǳģ
Ҳһջ
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h׼𣿡
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h΢΢ͷͺã
˵꣬żhתȥҶȥ
ܿ죬˳˳ǣ⣬һӡĿҶϣҼƣ
Ҷ˱ȭһᣡ
΢΢ͷȻ˴ξͷСˣ
Ҷ֮£
ӵ˵ͷȻһԵļhСġ
뵣ģh
û˵һӣܿ죬һʵܿ죬ֱҶ˵ǰ
ܴ󣬿ݰˡ
Ȼ
ҶһۣһͷƷӦڵңҶһǼƣܹԸ⼧Ҳ򵥰
룡hͻȻ
ҶҲֱӽ֮СҶһλ
ʱǼhҲˡǸ߲ûн
ڼݳh
Ҷ˵ͷȻĿ˼hϣԥ£hĽǣ
hЦΪһ飬˫ʧ飡
ҶҶЩĵãhҪ𣿡
hˣʥ˳֣ϧûá
ҶŶһû˵ʲôʱhֵֿԣ
Ҷ㲻˵ʥ˶У
hЦֲһˣҲ漣أԣҲʧʲô𣿡
ҶЦh̬ܺãҲͣ򵥣
h΢΢һЦû˵ʲô
ҶߵǼhǰĿǼh˫ϣhɫȻûаֱŤ
ҶҲûбŤֱַǼh˫ϣȻܿ죬Щû˼h˫֮У룬Ǽhгһ˿֮ɫ
ʱҶɫȻһ䡣
أ
Ҷֱӱһײǽϡ
أ
һ
ҶȻķ֣Լ˫ѾըѿѪ
֮⣬⣬һ޴Ĳɫ׵ͻȻʵ£ֱָ
ܵǲɫ׵磬ҶסˣԼʲô


2018 ͷ㣡
ɫʼ׹£׹λãҶ˳
ǿ֮ԻһУ
ʱ֮ϣһͻȻһԼٶȺǵ
䣡
֮ͻȻһըȻǵûʧûʧ׹ٶȷӿˡ
Уüͷ
ʱڣhͻȻ˫ַԼ˫ϣܿ죬˫΢΢ͻȻ˫֮˳Щ֮ǰҶ
ЩƳ˫ȺϿգǵɫͻȻʧˡ
ؼָƽ
ڵͻȻ򿪣̽ͷһۣhû飬һҶ˳ȥ
hǰҶô£
hЦЦЦЩԳʣ
ʣ
Ҷüͷ΢壬̫
hЩ̫̫ˣȻ춼ʼˡ
ҶƤһǰɣ˵
h΢΢ͷƮڳеЩǷﰡ
Ҷϧ˻ûã
hҡҡͷˡΪãԲ췣˵⣬Ҷһ֣Ǹˡ
Ҷһۼh˫ȣû˵ֹǵһμԥ£ֵhѵûн֮
Ȼеģ
hЦδ
ҶΪʲô첻ʼأ
h΢΢һ漴ʣ
Ҷҡҡͷ⵹ǣֻǣҾҲͦģ
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һͻȻ
Ҷһ£֣ٶȱҪ̫̫ࡣ
һͻȻͣ
ڣҶ뼧hͬʱ۾һۣȻͬʱ߳
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ϿȥԶ֮еԶǼʵɽɽ֮£һСС֮УһϢ
ǣҶԵļh
hһС죬νʮ첻ͬС죬ʥ˱ӵС졣
˵⣬Ҷ֣˵ʥ˱ӣСմ඼ͨˣߣȻᣬҲ˵ϻӭǧҪס˵ؽֹ֣رǶߡǻ˹أҪʥŭģ
Ҷ˵ͷףhģҲģ
õҶĳŵhĶʱһɣǰλĲһƲ磬µľҶʱһеһУҪΪӰˣ
С֮УҶˣСһЩֻǿһ۱ȥԼˡ
ҶһۣȻС֮У඼һЩͨˣȻҲһЩǣǣ϶ûֻǵ
ʱһԴЩ
תͷȥԶһ긾ŮһԼСŮûС֣˵ǲ͵ģ˵ǲǣ
긾ŮǰСŮһСӣ·ƾɣкüƶ벹ȴܸɾСŮ˫ַ˫֮УһСŮ˫ץСѾץıΡ
긾ŮţȻûļߣôСͳ͵ҲǸʲôöǸ꾫ףһź꾫һһǧѹӡ
СŮͻȻ̧ͷ긾ŮЩף
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긾Ů˿ûзŹСŮ˼ߵСŮǰָСŮˣԺһ϶ҲǸ
֣߰ɣ
ʱҶԵļhͻȻ
ҶһԶ긾ŮСŮȻܹ𣿡
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ҶЦ뼧hĲһʲôģҲܣֻԼģ飬ȥܼԣܹܡ
䣬ҶѾʧԭء
ԭأhĬ
ԶǸŮʲôȻʱҶͻȻǰҶָһһöɾʯǸŮǰӣˡ
ǸŮ㶣Ȼһеɾʯһ̣ͻȻָҶȻһʯͷΪ
ž
ͻȻһֱֻ˦ǸŮϡһĶǸŮֱ˦˲Զǵϡ
ҶֲδˣǸŮֻףûΣա
ԶǸŮЩ£Ǻܿ죬ععһȻҶ˹ȥûĹ־ȻҴ㡭
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ʱһԵļhͻȻ֣ɱˡ
ҶûйܼhֱǰĸŮ˸ɭɱ⡣
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ҶͻȻ˿ǸŮֱӵ˵ϣǸŮڻҶΪҪȻû뵽ǸŮͻȻڵϺû˴Ů˰һ˴Ů˰ҹ
Ҷ
Ůһ߿һߺ绹ûû죬ۿ㿴
ҶҡҡͷҶһĵ˭ͷ㣡
ΧΧ۵ԽԽࡣ
ʱhͻȻߵǸŮǰȻָһһȭͷĽǸŮǰ⶧ӣǸŮͻȻȻֹһֱ̣Ƕתܡ
ҶҡҡͷȻתСŮСŮСԲལΪɰ
ʱСŮͻȻӾӡҶԥ£Ȼȥ
ͽıڣ
ڣֻȼҾߡǷǽڱԵһƾɵĴϣһŮӣŮӿݼΪĲ԰ףޱȡ
ŮӦҲһλˡ
˿̣СŮǰӵݵŮӵߣԣԡ
ʱŮͻȻ۾ûпСŮֱӿһԵҶ
ҶüͷΪһֱĸоָоΪ
ʱŮͻȻ֣
Ҷԥ£ȻߵǴߣŮͻȻץסҶ֣ȻСŮСַҶ֮Уˣ㣬һˣ֮չˣضԻȥ
ҶüͷʱŮӵͻȻ𣬡ΪرҸһ顣
ʲôҶʡ
ŮֱҶûǰû
Ҷ⣬ʱŮͻȻҶ󣬡а֮аǽɣˣ㴦Σա


2019 ϣ
һ̣Ҷɫޱ
ǰŮӣȻܹа˵Ů֮ǰ˵ʲôûǰûеŪĻڣǰŮӵ仰õҶ֪ԷĲһˣ
а
⣬ֻдﵽʥ˽׵ǿ߲ſõĴڰ
ǰŮʥˣ
Ȼ̫ʥˣͲˣ
ջ˼Ҷ㾿Ǻˣ
Ů΢΢ҡͷˣܹѡ֣Ҳ֪ⰲţֻɺϣЩҪ˵⣬СŮ죬ų⣬ⲢǵĴҪţʱԼģǾͰһУԼģ𣿡
㽫ѾȫεİӵݵŮӵߣ׳ԣ˾ͻõģܺóԵģ
Ů΢΢һЦȻҧһڣУҪĻûΪֻһͨ˶Թۣ֮ģ֤һرĵĺˣԣλ磬֪𣿡
ʱͻȻ飬Ҫ𣿡
ŮḧһգȻҪסºһҪס׽һжԸģûаֺڡĻţⱲԸ
˵꣬Ҷˣ̫̫࣬λʹңҲ塣
䣬ͻȻһУܿ죬һöĴָСӳҶǰֻ飬ҲҲĳһ죬ĳһ̣ܹﵽʲô
˵꣬ͻȻݶҪ˲ò֮ԡô֪ôЦ
ܿ죬ҶܹоŮӵԼٶʧ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ߶ȻҶ㵵ķ֣ЩڽӴŮӺ󣬾Ȼԭ·أ»ص˺ڣ
ŮӿܣǺģ
ܾˣ
һΣʷһΣ
ʱŮͻȻҶȣھ㡣㱻ĳЩϡˣˡֻҪʮ꼴ɣʮ󡭡㣡
䣬ŮϢ
ˣ
ˣ
ҶԵ㣬ûпˣֻǾôڴϵŮӡ
Ҷһ̾ȻСԴҪ˵ͻȻ̧ͷ԰Ұ𣿡
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СһɽҶվһͷԣСŮСŮǷǰ
һʱСŮͻȻͷףˡģ
˵꣬վȻߵҶԣҶԴȻסСתȥ
ʱͻֻƶ֮Уһ׵ͻȻ׹£׵ٶȼ죬˲ͺϡ
أ
˲仯ޣ
һĻҶ͵̧ͷգɫЩ˶Ź
ûлӦ
ҶԣĿԶһᣬͻȻ̧ͷʣȻ磬Ϊʲô
ҶĬ
ΪʲôתͷҶһ顣
Ҷ޷ش㣬ǣԺԼȥǣڲУ֪𣿡
˵ͷȻ˵ˡ
Ҷԥ£ȻȴС򣬸Ҫȥ£ڻӡ
ͻȻ̧ͷҶ粻Ҹ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷǣֻҪȥĵطΣգ
£
ҶҡҡͷȻðɣǸȥһطиСһɣ
˵꣬һӣֱӽ͵˺ڡ
УСһ˲˲ĶǰСŮҲڿСס
ʱͻȻСף
Сգգۣдž֮ɫʣô֪
̧ͷһۣжڿң񲻻ӭң
С̧ͷһۣգգۣȻСצӶһ¡
𣿡
Сæ˵СԴ
ˡڱңԺҲᱣġ
ԣСһЦ
Сײ֪һʱƾ٣δԶһɽ
δСףСצһӣ
С׶һѣȻܿ죬Сһһ

С֮Уhԭصȴ
Ҷühõˣ
h΢΢ͷ£Ҳ鴦ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
hЦˣ£ȫԼģСŮŮӦòһ˰ɡ
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h΢΢ͷȻ˼ǰȥһ·޻ܿ죬h߳СС󷽵һɽɽ¡
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Ҷ򼧫hhﻹ˱ˣ
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Ҷ˵ͷǾ͵ȵȰɣ
ʱһһȥһʱһͻȻԶǰϸСĽɫС֣ԯ
ҶһۣȻջĿ⣬ԯҿûʲôøУ˵ȥҹ鷳
Ǳųߵ˲ԶͣȻԯӣ
h΢΢ͷh
˴һкǳĬˣ˵
ʱһӳ˲ԶһϮۣɽ˿ЩƮݡӿһۼhԯӣȻƣ
hԯӵ˵ͷٴνһԼ
Ĵңʣһң
ϣ
ֹȥһʱȻǹɻδ֡
ԶôһԣͻȻ˵һ䡣
h΢΢һЦµ£޷ģҵȵȣ
Ƶ˵ͷȻһԵҶλǣ
ҶҪ˵hͻȻҶõܣһͬ
Ŷ
ƴһҶܹøһͬǰ²򵥰
˵⣬ͻȻЦҾеˣλպ˭ִƼأ
hЦЦûлش
ҶȻҲ죬һＧhģڣȫϼh
ʱһһȥʱһͻȻڳ𣬡λõˣ
£һӰ˳˵м䡣ӰȫڣһӰӣò
ʱǺӰͻȻҶǼ


2020 νԣ
Ӱ˵ĻĿ׷׿Ҷ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ң
γƺǵӰͻȻʡ
ҶûǾˣ
ǺӰ˳Ĭˡ
ʱhͻȻ˳λȻѾ룬Ǿ߰ɡ
䣬΢΢һܿ죬һöɫӳ֮СöӻƮȻ˿С
һԣԯǽԼǰҲһӣܵʲôǣƮ뼧hǿγһԲȦ
öӻһʱ
䣡
˽µĴͻȻһת˲˽µĴͻȻ˿£ǰɽҲ֮˿е磬˷츲صı仯
ܿ죬ɽѿһǳ˵ǰ
hһӣǿӶʱɻصУȻһˣ߰ɣ
˵⣬ߣڴ˵صżɣ
΢΢ͷСģ
h˵ͷȻҶ˻ȥܿ죬ǵĳſڣǳϷɫ֣춼ǣ
ԭ춼Ǿ
ʱһԵԯͻȻеĲ̫һ
ȷʵǽƲһ䡣
h΢΢һЦףλˣȸˣ
䣬ҶͷһҶˣ
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⼧ҸʲôˣǽƵ
ӦòǼҵˣ
ʱԯӵȻ͸벻͸ˡǼˣȴԸ⼧hطĪǣ⼧hõģ
˵⣬ҡͷһЦȻתʧ˲Զ
ԭأǺӰ뽪ڳĬƬ̺Ҳ֮ʧ
Ҷżhָķ򻺻ǰ·ϣhطĴҵĵطԯۣԷʱҲطԣļ˵ǵء
ֹô򵥰ɣҶ
hЦȻֻĴҵļδļΪ˽ĴСǵһת۵㣡
Ҷ㼧ޡ
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ܿ죬һǰǺǰhҪͣ
Ҷ̧ͷȥ⣬һɫС
hСＧh档ˣ񣬻£
ʱһӰͻȻǰɫС֮Ʈ˳
һߣ
Ŀֱ˼hϣģг˾֮ɫ⡭ʥ顭
h΢΢ͷڳʲô
ϳһĨЦݣҼһǲġ
ʱĿһҶϣҼˡ
˵⣬Ŀ֮гһĨ֮ɫЩ˼СޣҲ򵥰
ʱhУΣҵģ
ԣĿٴƵҶϣϣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ɷһۣߵ
ҶҲСָһһߵǰǰĽһĨ֮ɫȻǣ
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ҶǰԯǿΪأ
߿ҶһλˣһԹԹɱȻԹǱɱˣΪ˹֮
߹룡
ԣҶ˫΢УϢе󰡣
ʱԯ۰ѽΪ̫ǿˡôǿ󣬻Ȼܹǿһ㣬ҲϧûܹͻԼԣˣ
˵ָ꣬һ㣬ǱɻصҶǰ⽣Ҳп˵ԼСԼСİɣ
Ҷ˵ͷлѣ
ʱĿҶǼhϣ
˵꣬ʧ˿С
hҶԵƬ̣
Ҷ˵ͷã
hû˵ʲôʱһ׹ͻȻסhܿ죬hʧҶǰ
ԭأҶɨһܣȻ
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ҶóϲСףĽС׵ѣǵһС
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ҶЦС׵СԴȻߵԣϲ𣿡
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˴ԭء
һ̣ҶҪ֣ʱһõͻȻҶǰһЦνԣ


2021 ʥ֣
νԣ
Ҷûκԥνһն
Ȼһ໹аʱȴôҲ䲻ˡ
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䣬ͻȻʧ
Զǰɫ֮УҽѾʧ
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ҶҲĬɫЩ
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hҶǸеУȻǵһؼ飬ǣߵ·ȴȻͬͺñһˣƣҲжһ棡
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ԣҶɫޱȵ
Сף
ԺС׳ˡСܵΪ㣬ǳаͻȻ֡뵽⣬ҶɫԽˡ
ǰаﲢûǰҲûǰ֣ڣԷҳ֣ζţаֱǿˡ
ΪλhͻȻʡ
ҶɬһЦ
˵⣬ԶѪɫhǸҲδ뵽ͻȻ֣ޡ
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ҶҲ֪˵ʲôˣΪԵõ⼧ʧȥһͷޡȻаΪǣаҲġ
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ԯۼֿ죬һǰת˲䱳ĳͻȻ𣬽ֱǱ
ȻԯӵĽմ̳Ǳ֮ͻȻӿһɼǿһ֣ԯеǱǺȻѣͬʱԯֱӵ˳ȥһɣֱӷɳ꣡
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ԣҶͫȻһǰӾȻһλʥˣ
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䣡
СȻըѿƬ
Сһư׹лƮ˳׹֮У¿ɼһӰ
ת˲һд˳
Цһ̧־һ㡣
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ǵ׹Ȼըѿ
ǵ׹֮תߡ

ʱңԶʣһŭţһֻֻƲ˳ֱֻӳץ˹ȥ
һĻҶɫһ䣬æǼhһǧɵľ룡
ԶǷһĨ̧־һȭ
䣡
һȭֱ֮õʵľֺȻѡ
ʱһ׷߳գܣɢŵİ׹⣡
ʥˣ
һλʥˣ
λʥ˳֣
գǰ׷ӣ㲻ʥˣҲʥˣ㾿ǺˣΪҪԯķĹ
˵Щк壿սǣ
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䣡
һըƬؼһ°
ţҶ뼧hĿ֮Уһ۵Զ
ʥˣ
һλʥˣ


2022 
λʥˣ
Ҷû뵽ȻһӼôʥˣҶǻŵʥˣ
Զͣ
ɨһ۳ˣĿϣѾιˡ
ӵûƻ˵ص˼ֻЩԹһ㡣
ҵĵֱ̣ӡ
Ӻʾ߶ӣʥ߲ףˣϧ
ԣ˫΢΢һУƺԼţ
ûκηϻָһһư׹ûߵü䣬ã΢΢һ̧ͷӣ㵵㡭
˵ӵ
û˵κλתȥ
һĻҶ뼧hһۣУǴ֮ɫ
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ҶȻǲ֪ˡ
Զӿһǰߣԯңߣģǲþͻٴμˣ
䣬תȥǰҲûΪƾһˣһλʥߣ
У߳ĬãȻʶһɨ׼Ѱ֮ǰλʥߣһ¶ԷӵݡȻʲôûз֡
üͷʱһͻȻ𣬡Ϸ꣬»ȥɣ֮£Ϸ򲻲ͣ
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ԳҵõϢǷҵһλԳˣҺ񻹲ֹһλ棬Էѹ
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Գҡҡͷ泼ңӦ˵ΪǷ׵ĴˣΪǷȡ档ƢȻǲܵġ
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Գ塣ȻǵõڷҵϢȻˡԳɽǣȻ뿪Գɽ
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Գ˵ͷ˵浱ѡһԳɽˮõģڣȻ죬ڡ
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أ
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أ
˲䱻ɿ⣡
ͬʱһҶ𣬡Сӣþòˡ


2023 ʾã
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ҶĨĨǵѪȻתͷȥһϢӰ
棡
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˿̵Ȼ汾𣬶һƷ
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ǱСӣ⾳ܹͣӲһλѾǳ̬ˡܻɱЩϼһЩǶڹˣ԰֪ɣ
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ԳɽʱѾŸ棬Ϊƾʵ޷һԿ
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ȥ˵ҳˡ룬ӦǲģΣ
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˵⣬Сף֪𣬻Ǹʲôʲô𣿡
ССԴҡҡȻָָҶȻ˵
˵СԴȵʸ磡㲻ҪģıˣСףһᱣġ
˵⣬ͻȻ̧ͷʣȻ㣬ҴңԺҲ㣬ва
С̧ͷͻȻʾһţһɫССǰ
СգգۣȻСצǽɫССҲܾ
ɫСƮǰתתȻ˵ͷ
һĻСϵһγЩЦݣĽɫСãûָء
ɫССףС׻⣬æСצСָסС׵Сצӣһ꣬䣡
С΢΢һһ˿
ڶڣͻȻһ΢ʾáôܡ˭


2024 
ԶҶͻȻһ
СʱҶСȴͻȻһʧʡ
СգգۣЩСΪʲôҪߡ
ԶҶվ

һҶƮ˳
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ͬʱҶ֮Уŵİ׹⣬Щ׹һɫ׸Ҷϣ
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Գ֪ҪЩ֣ǣ˵Сѣǰ;δض룬պ־һҼ棡
Ҷ˵ͷġ
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2028 ˣ
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ߵ˵ͷף˵⣬˶٣Ȼе㲻ףΪҪô

ҶΪǼΪģ
ҶӽӴǱҿʼҾ֪˲ɱһЩˣ֮ǰǼˣǸǻᣬԬϾǻ𣿼ʹҲʱɣ
˵⣬ҶҡͷһЦȻɱңΪβɱǣںԬϣˡֱԣɱһܹһ㣬ǲñ³
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˵꣬ת뿪˴ӰЩį
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СǳǰССУһӡҶСæצеİӵݸҶ
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ԭأСգգۣȻ㣬Сףȥ棡
ԣС۾һæСԴ

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Ҷ˿Լȭͷ鲻ԽһĨЦݣڵȫԶһǿɼв㲻ýȭͷҲԴһǿߣ
֮⣬Լڵڼ壬վһǿǶԻɱ
ҶһеһöڵûڷˡΪڷãöڵЧҲôˡڵĴﵽһƿ
ڷڵе˷ѣ
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2029 ǧ
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⣬Ҷˡԣ뿨Ȼǲ⡣
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˵꣬彣תȥ


2030 Ǵܣ
ڤɽɽҶǰһ޴Ĺųǣųһۿͷ
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Ҷǰɫ԰׵ӣתȥһᣬ뵽ʲôͻȻתһۣȻˣǴܣϲľɱˣģɱܶˣ


2031 Ϣּ
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ĳУһŮӶҶȥıӰֱҶʧӲŵΣ
ǿԣŮӵ
ЦЦȷʵǿ
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ǰһһŮĪġ
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ԣĪüҪ˵ʲôʱȵ߰ɣ
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Ҷһӣһ޼ɵķӡ

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ԣĶʱˡ
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ǵ۵Աߣһ֣ʱҶʱסˡ
ֺϤ
ңӵּ


2032 ǧΨҶ
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ҶлЩ𾪵ģΪû뵽ңӾȻң
ջ˼Ҷ̧ͷɽ֮ϣɽ֮ϣңµǣǧΨҶ
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ҶУһӰʼǵ۵Ķܼ򵥣Ӧ˵ܵ㵥Ĵ̣ЩǽĻһѧСܶᣡ

ܶѾˡˣǰ۾ԲǵĸҪӦûиĺ壡
ھʲôҶҲûв
ʱɫѾ˻ûߣ򡣺ܿ죬ڱˡ
ȥ
ĳһ̣ҶͻȻվһĻһĿʱϣҪ˵ʱҶƿڴʲô⣬ˣ
˵꣬תȥ
ʱͻȻҶǰЦˣ
Ҷ̯̯֣ô죿ţ
ҶӦǷʲôɣ
ʲôҶʡ
ȳ֣˵õģǲʲôøһݣ
ҶûʲôԵͣû취û취
ҶҪҶ͸
Ҷɫƽûκ쳣
ϢҶЦ֣𣿡
ȳ֣βһأ
Ҷ㶣Ȼѵǲ𣿡
ĿһҶȻֺΪ֮
ҶЦл
˵ֱ꣬ƹȥ
һԣɫ֪ʲô
ܿ죬Ҷ뿪ڤɽ뿪ڤɽ֮Ҷ̻صɽڣҶڵأȻ˺

ڣҶĽʼ趯
轣ٶȺǳСѧȻҶɫȴصģңԽԽءһᣬҶͣôԼǰǰĿռ䣬Щۼǽĺۼ
ҶĿͶЩۼãҶȻˣ
꣡
꣡
飬ǽԼģǣһ㣬ּߵĽǶᵮԼǡǣǣȴûлꡣνĻ꣬ǰӴֽȫһ
Ļָ꣬Ļ꣡
飬л꣡
꣬˸轣ģǰĽȷʵǿǿǣվûлġͺñһˣֻ壬û꣬ˣҲֻʬ⡣
飬ȴ޻꣬޻ĽҲһĽѣǿһЩ
лĽĳ̶ֳ˵Ѿǽ
ꡣ
轣꣡
Ǳµ˼Է֮ûֱ˵ΪԷҪҵԼֻпԼĶԼġ
Լģ̣
θ轣ꣿ
ʵ˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳ򵥡ҶôΪġ
Ϊܻ꣬һ⾳ҪŪһ꣬һ־磬һֽľ硣
н⣬飬ЩѾգ꣬û뵽ù꼼Ȼ꼼Ľȫһ
ǰĽ꼼ʩչĽ꣬ǵָ꣡

Ҫľ򣬶ǽ۵ЩǸĲο֮⣬ǽ֮У̺һ˿ĶǿǱԼĴ
Ҷ̫

ʱҶÿ춼ϰһһ飬ϣͻᾲȻ
£һȥ
ڣת۹ȥһʱ䣬˿̣ҶУѾˡ
ҶϾţһͨܳԿ࣬¿ࡣ
ֹȥһ¡
ĳһ̣ڵصҶͻȻ˫ۣһֱ̣վܿ죬жһţʼ
̣
Щ򵥵Ķһһ飬Լ˽κҶͣвĽҶǷһĨЦݡ
ɹˣ
һĿޣŪ˽ֽ꣬꣡
νĽ꣬˵ףһּɣȻһָ߳ļɣҲǽ֮еһ־磬һ˼롣Ҫ⽣˵Ҳ˵ΪҲֻǸս꣬һ磬Ȼô򵥵ģ
򵥵˵⽣꾳ٿԽĽĳɣ
ֻĳɣѾΪĿֲˣ˵ڵִﵽǿߣ˿Ĳ顣Ȼ԰벽ʥ˾ϹڵʵȻǴ򲻹ģ
̫ˣ
ɨһܣҶЦЦȻ뿪˺ʱԬ߽˴ԬϴһҶˣȻʵ˲٣
ҶһԬϣȻǰʲô
ʲô
Ԭҡҡͷֻһˡ
˵ţָһһҶǰڶſ췢ģ˵̨һս


2033 ҵˣ

Ҷüͷ΢壬ôҪˣ
ҶǰԬ΢΢ͷôãѾҺˣ
ҶһսȷŰɣпȥ
Ԭ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ㲻ھȥ
ҶҡҡͷеҪȴ£
ԬϵڲȥǻΪǣ
ҶЦô롣
˵꣬Ҷת߳˴
ڣԬϳĬһᣬȻҲ뿪˴
Ԭ뿪ȥظˡ
һʱ
ҶˣҶˣ
仰֪˭˵ģԼٶȴ硣һʱ䣬ҶΪЦ
ųҶ
Ҷڱµõĳƺţ
ʱҶɽĺɽɽĺɽȻû˴Ӳߣֲ֪컨俪ţһ羰
ҶһܣȻ
ͣ
ǰЩ滨䣬ҶĴδйƽǳƽ޷ĺ档
ſţҶǷһĨЦݡ

Ǻ

νļǼļ
ʱһһȥ֪˶ãҶͻȻվ
䣡
һɿֲƶʱϯǺܿ죬ǹڣʧӰ٣ûгֹ
Ҷ˿Լ˫֣Ц
֮ԲӦ뿪ȥΪںڵһޣõڽ˺ܴһ㣬ǾǣоԼҪͻˣ
ͻƣҪһߣȻû뵽ĳƽô򵥵ͻˡ֮ϲ֮ϲ

ŵôãڴﵽ˼ﵽԼʵһʵĸı䡣
ʱԬϳҶǰϢĳ֡
ҶһԬϣǰߵʵҪֲܶܶడ
ԬϴһҶȻﵽ˼
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ԭˣ

Ҷ㶣Ȼ߲ư
Ԭϵ˵ͷȥɣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ΢ֱӻһʧʾͷ
ԭأԬɨһܣܣѾ۶ϡ֮ǰҶɵġ
Ԭ΢΢ҡͷһӣȻʧԭء
УԬȥ֮Щԭ۶ϵĻݾȻȫ
ָ

䳡
䳡ϣվһӣӿԼʮ߰ˣŰۣıֱһ
ʱͻȻ۾ǰһӡ
ǰӣȻҶ
ӦþǿɣҶЦ
ǰӵ˵ͷǣ˵ţһҶȻ˶˵ԲȥǣҾã㲻һµˡ
ҶЦңİɣ
ЦЦȻҶ㲻һˣӦ֪ѰֻʹҲ׵ǣΪθԸ˵Ľأ
ҶԭͲ˵ˡֱ˵ɣսô
쵭ˣȻҪսģ
ҶЦǳְɣ
˵ͷҿλСʦѰ˾ʲôͣ
䣬ͻȻʧԭء
ɲǼ䣬һӰֱ߳Ҷȥٶȼ죬ҶֻܿһģӰ
ȻҶȥֱӱ˫ۣһ̣΢΢һ̧־һָ
أ
һըͻȻ䳡쳹ת˲һӰֱӱس󵹷˳ȥӰ˽ǧֻͣһ㣬Ӱ˵䳡ıԵ⡣
Ӱǿ죡
쿴˿Լ֣˫ϣһĽۣѾܼ׹ǣ
쿴ǰԼ˫֣Ĭˡ
һᣬ̧ͷԶҶ
䣬ͻȻһԾֱҶϿգһ̣˫һķӡ֮£ķӡʱΧĿռʱһ
һ̣˫Ҷ͵ؾһ
ǵӡֱ׹£·Ҷ˹ȥ
·Ҷ˫΢΢һУڣһĨأûҴ⣬΢΢һ̧һ̳
һպôǵӡ֮ϡ
䣡
Ҷ£Ǿ޴䳡һ濪ʼҲ֮ͬʱһĹĻԵص׸˳סЩذ壬ĹĻʱ䳡ʱƽ
˿̣䳡֮ϣҶٽǰ̣Ľˣǵӡ
ҶĽڲš
ʱǵӡͻȻһһǿ͵ɢ
䣡
Ҷ˲䱻ǧɿ⣬˫Ÿһء
أ
䳡ٴξһ
Ҷ˿ԼұۣұѾѪۣǱղǷӡġ
ţ
ʱǿͻȻ˷ӡҷ֮һӵǿƥɱһλǿߡȻȴû뵽ֻѣ
ҶһƯڿǰķӡȻȷʵǿϧ̫СԼǿһЩʹңҲҪˡ
˵⣬΢ƣУǿ󣡡
ԣǿֻͿûˣ
䣬ͻȻ쿪Ȼסöӡһ̣ǷӡһȻֱֶӳҶ˹ȥǷӡ̺֮ǿֱõóеĿռΪֹŤ·Ҫһռ䣡
ޱȣ
Ҷɫƽǰ̤һһ̣еĽʧת˲һ˫õצ˫ܣţ˫ֳǰ͵ؾһϡ
䣡
Ҷ˫צֱӽǷӡС
أ
Ҷ˲䱻ɿ⣬ǣǷӡסȻǷӡ̺ǿõЩܲס
ԶҶȻסǷӡɫޱȵأһ̣֮Уޱȵ𺳵ġΪһǿߣҲǲסöӡ
Ҷȫ
е𺳣ҽ͵һ壬ԶҶȥʱһͻȻҶת˲Ǳֱӻһǿǰ
̧־һȭ
أ
ҶǱֱӱһȭˣһȭҶĽٴζ֣ȻʱɫļѿΪԶҶ˿Цſ
öӡѾʧ
ӡûˣ
Ҷأ

Ҷ㶣Ȼʲô
װʲôɵŭ
Ŷ
Ҷԭ˵ǷӡǸǸӡҵˡҵˣ𣿡
쿴ҶãȻ˫ͻȻ趯ܿ죬һڳɢ˿
ٻأ
ٻǷӡ
ڡ
һöӡֱӳվͷĽɫСײ˹ȥ


2034 һˣ
ӡģҪȥӦҪ˭
һԵСǲˣСһȻˡǣһ£ܿ죬ڡ
һ£Ŀˡ
û˿ԥӡֱӳײ˹ȥ
·С׿һĻ۾գգȻԵ㣬˼ǷӡҪʲô
룬ȻҪܣ
СգգۣȻ̧ͷʡ
ʱǽɫСͻȻˣֱֻӻһ⳯Ƿӡײ˹ȥ
أ
Сע£Ƿӡֱӱ˵֮ϡ
أ
һ̳
Ȼδʣһɫ籩һк£һ˲䣬Ѿڵ֮еķӡѾû
Ű
ĳС㶼Щ̿ˡС̲סʵС˻СצʱɫСֹͣͷŽɫ
С׵ӣ黹Ǹģ
С׷ɵǷӡǰ˿̣ǷӡĹâѾࡣȻ˵Ĳᡣ
ССצǷӡȻСצٻڱʲô
һԣͻȻСǸǸˣͲڰˣ
䣡
ͻȻһɿֲǷӡ֮ϯ⧲֮£Сֱӱ˳ȥãؼʱ̣ʥС׵ǰסǴ󲿷ȻˣС׻ЩǱˤ˸Ľų졣
ǷӡȻСףٴγ𣬳յײ˹ȥ
ӡ֮Уһɹɿֲˮһкؼһ̶Ϊ֮
Իأ
һԣС׿ǳСȥķӡ۾գգȻСצţһӳСצУ׼У뵽ʲôóһݸ㡣
СһֱһӿţȻ߿б߿ʡ
Ϸ
䣡
ʣһȻ쳹ţһӰ׹¡
ڣӡǿĶԿ顣
⣬ǿɫѾޱȵѿˡΪٻǷӡû˿Ӧ
ӡûˣ
ҶãȻˣҼˣ
˵꣬תҪߡû˷ӡҶѾûһաˣѡ뿪
ʱҶͻȻǰԶҶЦôˣ
˫ֻ֪Ҫȫ뿪ǲˡ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻʧԭأת˲ҶǰһӰҶûʹʲô̧־һ̳һǵӰ˲ʧӰ١
ɿ⣬ǿһͣҶٴγǰת˲һѾüλá
ͷд󺧣ǷӦȴ죬˫͵һϣȻǰһ䣡
䣡
ǿõҶɵľ룬ǣǿ˫ȴûˡ
ղһ˲˫ֻıҶ
ҶȻûҪ֣һٴʧԭأȻճǿǰǱһǧɿ⡣
Ҷͣ˿Լ֣˿̣ѾŤΡ̧ͷԶǿǰ֪ʱһߡ˿̣ڿ
Ҷ˦˦֣ЦСĴ򲻹ϵĳ֣Ǽʶˣ
ߵֻдѣαط
ҶЦϽҹɣ䲻Ժͱˡ
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
ԭأǿɫޱȵѿҶǺڣ
˵꣬ҪǿȥʱһֻͻȻƲ֮̽˳һֱֻ̣һǿߡ
һĻɫȻ䣬Ҫ֣Ȼ˿ֻ̣ٶͻȻӿ죬߻δü±ѹϡ
أ
䳡һ
Ҷ֣䳡ذǵĻȻЩƣ
Ҷ̧ͷȥʿУһõӣ
ǿСʦ壡
ǰСʦȻǱ
ĿҶϣ
䣬ʧ˿С
ԭأҶʼ磬ȻҲ֮ʧ
ڡ
ڣֻˣǾҶ
ӴһҶȻʵȵҼʱǿ̫̫࣬ʵ֤ҵ۹⻹Ƿǳģ
Ҷ
ʱӵδӰæ֮г㼸¡һڱ֮£Ѿȫ֪ķǳԽߵ¶ǱԽ󣬻ϣԽ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ
ӵνĵͳָ֮Ǳڲ֮еĵͳ֮ҲǱңңңͼңƽʱûʲôʣʵҶһ
ʲôҶʡ
ˣ
ӵؼ䣬ڵģ֪ɱһΪλ𣿺ܶԭҾͲ˵ˣǣףһԭˣɱһ֮ʱˡȻҲʦֲݰڣɱһλ䡣һʱɱһ
ҶҪ˵ֵˣҶΪܹһ·ߵŬ⣬Ҳ˵Ĺ͡ЩˣλңЩˡǣҲŸָΣա˵֮˵һǱȽϿɵġ
ҶǰӴҾã㲻һʲôĻˣңңҲ˵ǣһˡΪǷǰ飬ǰııҲܾܾ
˵ʲôӵ
ҶһȻǰӦ֪иаǰҶıãܲܰаŪ߸Ҳа
а
ͷ̣ȥʵеʳѰΪ֪Էʲôʱ֣
ӳĬƬ̣ȻҾãаûǱĺã
ΪΣҶ⡣
ӵе⣡
ȻأҶʡ
ȻÿȻˣӵ
Ҷ
ʱֵСӣǲæҲЩΪ⣬ǣһȫ鷳ԶĻҪࡣ
Ҷң˵С°
ӵ¸ӣֲܳ㡣˵˵ҵ顣СӣһΣΪ㣬ӿҪˡ
˵ţָһһҶǰѧԺѧ֪ͨ飬ȥɡ
ҶЩмǰȥѧԺбҪȥʲôʲôѧԺ𣿡
ү
ͻȻŭ֪֪ѧԺʲôڣӵ궼ǴǱҵģ
ҶҡҡͷȥμӱǸʲôԺͻ뿪ǰ֮ԼطҲȥ˷ʱ䡣
ӳĬãȻ֪ѧԺ˭𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ֪ҲûȤ
ӵһˣ
Ҷס


2035 вң
ˣ
Ҷ㶣Ȼʲô˼
ӿһҶȻҲ֪ʲô˼Сӣǵطһط֪ѧʲôѧ𣿶Ĵҵţа֮еЩš
˵⣬˶٣ֵǸط˵ҴǧһѧԺļҵ棬λұλϡ
Ҷôţ
ţ
ЦЦѧԺɲţĵطĴҶȥǽáкܶԭ򣬱ԶκζȻҪǣԴʯ
ԴʯʲôҶ⡣
ӵӦ֪ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ֵ֪֮ǰʲô𣿡
Ҷüͷ΢壬ʲô˼
ӵ֮ǰʷ֮⣬ĴңһƬհףûκμءʹ壬¼صҲǺٵġ
ѧԺʲôϵҶʡ
ӵΪѧԺӵԴʯνԴϣһּʷǰʯͷЩʯͷż¼ӰĹܣʷǰһЩǿǿߣ˽սʱЩʯͷ¼ȻЩʯͷ浽ڡ𣿡
ҶüͷʷǰЩǿߣǿ𣿡
ӵ˵ͷǿЩʷǰڵҪ߳࣬ļҵоһԴʯʱóĽۣ
Ҷ˵ǿΪλʧʧӰ٣
ӷ˷ۣң˭ȥǻˣȥ˱棬ЩĿǰûκιϵ֮ȥѧԺ˵ĻΪС롣
Ϊ룿ҶһӣЩŹ֡
ûʲôСӣ̫̫࣬ұң֮⣬ϻһЩ߰˵ģպЩһ˽ʱûܹ㲻ġȥѧԺʲôְλɽ㿿ţԺĻҪĶˡ
Ҷǰǲ֪ʲô
ӵ˵ͷ˵Ļڶеˡ֪ұҪͼңңҪڶóȻ֣ڹ㱳ˣ
ұˣ
Ҷ㶣Ȼұˣ˭ô֪
ӵ㱳Ҫûˣ˼ٴˡ˵ЩˣһΣȥѧԺ£һ£ϣܹұɱһұȡһԴʯܹΪұȡһԴʯȻ׸ңʱ飬ǷҲǷˡ
˵⣬ɫǷ飬պкܴôġĻ
ҶĳĬ
ʱֵһ£ڵ㣬Ѿ˵Уǰڰ֮Уʱ㣬ûȦӣô˵㶼һڣȦӵˣȻ󣬸˵ĿⶼϡǺ£Ҳǻ¡¾ǿܻѡͶ㣬ǣҪŪ㣡
Ҷҡҡͷӣ
ӵ˵ͷҲϲӣǣû취Щ޷⡣
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵһ£֪Ԭϰɣ
Ҷ˵ͷôˣ
ӵأҪһ㣬û𣿡
ҶԬϾ˭
ҡҡͷҲ֪˭ɱһʱѾɱһˡұ£ܾ֪˭Ӧûжġ
Ҷ˵ͷˣ
ӵѧȥѧԺĵַѧԺѧһµʱ䣬ʱ䣬͵͵һɣܲ¾ͱˣ
ҪǱأҶͻȻʡ
ӵĽģҲұ֤ǣҸұ֤һ㣬Ǿǣұң˭Ҫɱ㣬ұض㱨𣬲ܶԷ˭Ȼ⣬ϾҴ򲻹˼ҡ
ҶܱܲڸұҪǰ־Ҳ𣿡
ӵҲ˵һ֮Լŵɣ
䣬ֱʧڡ
УҶĬãȻѧԺ
ʱԬͻȻڡ
ˣԬʡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻԬϣԬϵǱʷΪ˲ţϧ־ڱңȻɱһķɱһķĻɱһҲ䵽ˡ
˵⣬ҶʵҲԸˣɱϣ裬µӣܺθڡֻǡ
ֻôҶʶʡ
΢΢ҡͷֻ̫ˡԸ񣬻ģ
ҶЦǰ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ҶЦⲻˡˣأ
߿һҶȻ˵ͷȻ֮ǰķӡУ
Ҷڣ
ߵңΣ˵ţĿһֱҶ
ҶЦã
˵ָ꣬һ㣬ǷӡʱӺ˳Ȼߵǰӡ󣬾ҪƿնȥȻָһ㣬Ƿӡʱ
߿ǰķӡ˿ԥҶҪˡȻˡ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ߵһĸߵ˵ģУֻΪ£Ҳ㲻£ǣԷͻȻ֣ǸղСӱ٣Ȼʮа˾Ҫġ
ղСӣ
Ҷ㶣ܿ죬ҶˡԷ˵Сʦ壡
ǰԬϾȻƺԷΪСӡ
ʱԬֵ㱣һ£ȥ֮ڻ㣡
˵꣬Ԭתȥ
ΪҪңҶͻȻʡ
Ԭͣ˽ŲȻ˳۵˲ˡ
˵ֱ꣬ʧ֮С
ڣҶĬ
һӺһͻȻ䳡ϡ
벽ʥ˽ף
̧ͷȥĿֱϣһֻ̣Ҫ֣ʱһͻȻǰ
΢΢һöӡ֮У⡣
Ŀϣ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ӵ˵ͷ˵Ԭұ֮صˣգʶʶ
ʱȻֹΪԶߣ֪ʱǰֻһ֮ңȻûзôǰģ
߿ӵϢһ꣬Ӧþܳʥˡգҹˣһвң
䣬ͻȻһӡ
أ
ֱӱɣһɣֱӷɳɽ


2036 ھͲ
ɽ֮⣬վһСɽ֮ϣңɽĿ֮Ук棬ɻ󣬻ء
ޱȵأ
֪أӦúǿ󣬵ǣû뵽߾Ȼǿ̶ֳȡ
߾˭
Уɻ֮ɫ


ԬϳҶǰҶǰöӡ˿̵ķӡޱȵİȻڼɵʲô
Ԭϵ˷ӡΪӡӡ֮һӡ֮ǿΪһͷ񡣡
񣿡Ҷ⡣
Ԭϵһλս֮󣬺ǿڵǳսʱսȻһλ߷ӡöӡУʹ֮˿ƾӡ߶֮
˵⣬һҶȻҹʺ㣡
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ʱһͻȻҶ𣬽ţһѪɫҶԺԶ
Ҷëʲôаǰλ氡
涼£
ҶͷƤЩ飡


2040 Ժ
涼£
ҶһˡǰλǱ档Ȼаﶼ˿壡
һʱ䣬ҶԼ̯ϴˡ
ͻȻĬ
ҶѪɫЦţЦݣЩˡ
ʱǱͻȻһӡ
أ
ҶͻȻһըţźɫʱʹŤ
֣ҶһϲȻʱǱȴͻȻˡ
浭ĪҪΪЩ⣬û˸ɱ㡣磬ĪҪ˵һаɻ
Ѫɫϲģշ
䣬ֱʧ
ȻҶܹоõԷû뿪ǰǰ㡣
ҶԶı棬Цλ棬а﾿ʲô˼ҲֶܳԸ
ĬƬ̣ȻЩЩ飬ڵ㣬֪ҲûκκôֻҪסȻѲöԸǣԼҲǳصģηţպֻԸ
Ҷ˷ۣͷȥʲôû˵
ʱͻȻңҪгǣҲ˵ġΪ֮ɣ
£ֱʧ˳С
ҶǰľҲʼãԼһӺ˳ɽɽ
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ҹȥѧԺɣʱڣû˻Ѱ鷳ȥѧԺõ͵һ㣬ŵģһ㶼ǵһʧġžţǣõ͵ʱҲõ͵
Ҷ˵ͷס
ҹѧԺһУⲿ޷ڲֽȥˣģǸʬסȥѧԺֻΪ£һԴʯڶǿܲѧԺҸʲôְλ
˵ţҶļ򣬡Сģ
˵꣬תʧԭء
ҶüͷֱʲôѧԺһõط
˿̣Ҳû̫ѡ񡣶ңҲȥʶʶʲôѧԺԴʯ
Ҷɨһܣ׼ȥ뵽ʲôһɽ
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ҶЦԬɨأ
Ԭϵɨأ
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Ԭϵô£
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ȥѧԺԬʡ
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ԬѧԺ˲żüãǰĴңбһЩδ֪У֮Сĵɡ
ҶġԬϱأ
˵꣬ҶתҪߣʱԬͻȻָһ㣬һöҶǰѧԺиˣ㡣
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ԬϿһҶߣ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣漴⣬¶Ԭ΢΢һ񣬡أ
䣬תʧʡ
ԭأԬҡͷһЦѧԺСȥˣˡ
˵⣬һܣȻ˰

Ҷ뿪ɽֱ֮뿪˱硣
֪Ҷ뿪󣬱˶ʱһһʼǲûҶ֮ǰ֮Ƿ֣ԶԶ͹ɱһη
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ԱЩ˵ҶҹǶӣȫκκĶӡڣˡ
ƽˣ
ңԶǿ֮УҶС
ѧԺ
ǧҶ֣Ƕ˶ʵģҲ޾ġ壬Ĵң壬ʷǰѧԺЩǧ棬۸ӡ
ҶЩ֮УԵô΢
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Ҷǿ񽥽ļ
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Ҷٶȼӿ죬ͬʱڣǰǱ͸Ľɫӡ
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ҶָһһξѪûУܿ죬öɫӡûü֮С
ܿ죬ҶжһϢ
۱ȭƷףȭеһȭ֮ء
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û뵽ӡ֮УȻһȭڵѧĶǽȭҲһЩǣЩѾڵĽŲˡˣ˽ʱûʹùȭҪôʹýҪôǼ򵥵һȭһȭ
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۱ȭ
Ҷ΢ƣǱԣȷʵʺûھѧϰΪ֮ǰԵʣҪٵˡӦ˵Ѿٵˣ
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ʱǿ֮У߾ͷһǣǾǿ֮СǵϿգƯһ޴ɫĻǹĻ֮Уʱзɽ
ɽʱҶɫʱΪ֣ЩɽȻͶʥ˽׵ģ
Ǻ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ģеˡ
вʵʵͷҶһǼȥǻвǧɵľʱһɽͻȻͷĻ֮еһ̣ǱɽֱӳҶǰֱָҶü䡣
ҶסʱһͻȻҶǰӴһҶǣ
ҶָһһŽɫǰҶǰ
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㶣Ȼѧģ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ɫЩŹ֣ѧѾϣǸˡ
ҶԽ𣿡
ԥ£ȻҲǣԵƬ̣ȥʡ
˵꣬תȥҶǰǱҲûָҶǱûȥǾţȻڼҶ
ǰҶԥ£ȻԼؿڣܿ죬һСԴð˳
СգգۣȻɨһܣҶҶС׵СԴȻָԶǱö
СתͷһǱܿ죬۾Щˡ˵СԴʾȷʵǺö
ҶŶԣģǻ죬ô
СգգۣȻǱСצῪʼһᣬǱ˲ڻӦ
һᣬСתͷҶȻСצָָǿ֮ϵǰɫĻ
ҶһǹĻ⽣˼ǣ뿪롭ֵ࣡
ž˼
Ҷԥ£Ȼʲôʱֵࣿ
СתͷǱֿʼ
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пգԳһ棡
Ҷ˵ʲôʱһͻȻҶǰԶ
ҶӣӴһҶΪβ
ҶΪһЩ鵢ˡ
ӵ˵ͷ⡣
ԣҶһɣԭѧԺô˵ʱͻȻֵȥһӺ㻹ڴ˵أɽնɱ
Ҷ


2041 ͼԱ
ҶɫЩΣҪ˵ȴѾת뿪ԭء
ԭأҶǰԶס
ѵԼҪȥ
ʱ֮ǰȥֳҶǰӴһҶȻ֣˵㣬㾹ȻҳٵҲûмѧԺȻΪҪܲҵġ
ҶЦЦû취ΪһЩ鵢ˡ
ԥ£Ȼʵ̨Ҳûлᡣ

Ҷӣʲô᣿
ӵѧԺ֮УһͼݣΪ硣ڣͼչԱ̨ԣ֮ѧԺٴʱ̨ʱѧ
ͼԱ
ҶɫЩŹ֣ȥԱ
ӵ˵ͷܼ򵥣ÿһ˭ˣȻȥЩܰʱǻͿˡģܼ򵥡̨Σ
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ҫܾʱֵ̨룬̨ȥ̨ļЩο̨룬ܹΪ̨ŪһѧӦǼΪ׵ġ̨ȥǵöຮģ
Ҷ룬Ҳǣǻȥӿ϶ǹҲסġҪ֪ҹΪŪһѧܲס
ʱæֵ̨ǽԺ֮УպǱּãĳһλʦУֱӾܽѧԺأ
Ҳǡ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷΣȻѧԺ˵
ҶͷжʱһĨϲɫһš
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ӣҶȫǵĳſڣſϷɫ֣۳ǡ
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Ҷһ۳ǣǲʮˡ
кҶ֣УУЩ١
ҶԵӣ֣Щǣ
֮ǰĽ̸УҶ֪ӵ֡
ЦЩˣ඼ѧԱʦԼѧԱļһЩأߣЩ߿ɲ򵥣඼һЩˣ磬ʲô󷨼ңңʦܹ֮׼۳ߣԲһˡ
󷨼ң
ҶĬɨһ۳ǣ۳ǲ򵥰
ʱͻȻԺˣ
Ҷ̧ͷȥȻסˡתͷʣȷ
Ҷ֮𾪣ΪνԺ棬ҲǴţʵ̫ˡ
һţ֮ϣ֣Ժ
ڣδϸ
Цһ߰ɣԺ󶼻ϰߵģ
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ԽţҶǰʱ˷츲صı仯
ɽ
ʱҶѾһƬããɽ֮Уһۿȥɽ಻ͷ
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ЦЦȻһУɲǼ䣬ͻȻһ⣬ת˲ǵʧԶ
ҶҲȥ
һᣬҶͣǰԶȺɽ֮УһɫϣǶЩнɽеƱǡ
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ΪΣҶ⡣
ЦΪû˸ѧԺ£
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ʴҶǺǰȻ磬ѧԺͼݣڲعظָ¡˵Ǵǧȫһͼݡ
ԿҶʡ
Ȼǣ
ЦĲ㣬ÿһصĶһ߲㣬صĶϣϡҪͼݲ鿴鼮߽鼮Ҫѧ
ѧ֣Ҷ⡣
ɫѧ֣ϵѧԺѧˡѧûߣͨÿµĸֿԣĿ俼һЩáȻûߣȴƣÿ꣬ѧԺЩѧֲѧԱҲǾʮѧ֣ʱһѧԱֵѧûоʮ֣ᱻˡ
˵⣬ɬǵҲͰˣˣҪɽǳϣֱ桭̫ˣԼˣԼļΪǻдĳĳĳڣĳ塭ܲң
ҶЦЦѧԺЩͦȤַԺܴļЩѧԱĶ־
ʱʵ֣Ҹ㽻һ£
˵ţҶˡ硱ĵһ㡣ſڣһССʯʯ֮ϣһĺɫᡣ
ʵ֣ȥֻ㱨ȥͼݵĹԱԱҲн꣬һ£ѧ֣ѧ֣Իȡ̫̫ණˡ˵ֻҪѧֹʥ˽׵ʥ˽֮ϵĶܻһȻǻģ
˵꣬ҲҶ˵ֵĹܼ򵥣Щ飬߿ˣʮѧֿڵһ㿴һӣʮѧ֮֡ǰڶϸأ㵽ʱͿˡסһ㣬ҪˣΪڻʵϰڣˣûԺӻºͻõԺϿɣʱû˸Ե޹ʶ֣
Ҷ룬ȻǸ֣ҵǰΣҲǰιԱǲǾ㣿
ʱһȻ˵ͷ
֪
ҶһʣȻ׼ȥģ
ʺٺһЦ꣬ڼһЩƽʱ񣬴һЩѧ֣ڵѧ֣Ѿܹȥϴǳҵˡ
Ҷ㵵㡭
ʵ˵ͷѧԺѧΪһЩ飬ѧֲȻͱѧԺˡû뿪һݹӦ˵ǺܶݣѲǿգ֮ǰ֮㣬Ѳߵʱ򡣡
˵⣬һȻڣѧѹǳϵֺ׼ȥһ£Ȼ¿Ժĵ͵أ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷ֧㣡
ʹһЦȻָһһöƬҶǰʯϣѧ֣͸ģܾ˶ãͻ֪ѧֶİж֣ڣ
˵꣬תֱʧԶ
ҶЦЦȻҡҡͷһԱߣ磬Ա


2042 زپҵ
ҶһܣܣյʲôҲûС
ʵȻУһЩС磬ЩС磬Щ鼮ĵط
ǰɫᣬͼݵԿס
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˵ĺһͼԱһľһӵģ
ЩҶô⡣
ڶ˵ŪһЩѧ֣ΪҲ뿴ͼڵЩ飬رǵĲ㡣
ҪĲ飬Ҫǧѧ֣ңֻһӵʱ䡣ҪһĲ飬Ҫǧѧ֡ңһ󣬱黹
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ܿ죬һһŮҶǰӴһҶȻģ
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΢΢ͷȻָһһɫƬҶǰҶҪڶ飬һӡ
ҶæһԼǰǺɫᣬȻӵĿƬǺɫˢһ£ܿ죬ǿƬ˸һâ
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ֱҶأ
Ҷҡҡͷ֪ôڣͿһ˵ѧֽˣ
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˵꣬תֱ߽ǵһ硣
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䣬תæŮӡ
ԭأҶҡͷһЦ߳ͼݣȻ󻺻ڷɶ𣬺ܿ죬˿У·ɽ֮ϣֻһǾͼݡ
ͼݵܣ֣ЩֲͼΧСһʼҶΪЩֻ֣ͨȻ֣ܿЩ֮Ʈ
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ҶջĿ⣬·ͼݣͼûˣҿ϶͵͵ȥԹı˽ĻԻ֡
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ʱһǽŮͻȻֺα˼ƽϣɱѧԺȻῪ㣬ؽտ϶Ӳ˵ġߣǵѧ֣ҲҪ۹ˡ
˵ţһҶȻɱ㣬Ҿ֡Ϊʲôڻŵԭ򣡡
Ҷҡҡͷ֮ǰǰңطҪ͵һ㣬ҲҪ͵һ㣬һ͵ëˣҶߵ
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ʱһͻȻǰԶߣǸɫʱ΢΢һ䣬Ȼæ߹һ񣬽ţתȥ
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ĹԱʱһСͻȻҶ߲Զ
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УҶܹϵľܾˡ
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ҶΪȹŮ뿪Ȼû뵽ǣȹŮȻҡڵĳͼȥ
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ҶȻûȹŮУȹŮҪȥʱҶͻȻȹŮǰȻЦеλСã㲻Ӳɣ
ȹŮɴŲõЦݣأ
ҶЦݲඣ
ȹŮͻȻһֻ֣ȻָҶһ㣬һ㣬ֱӵҶؿڴ
һʼҶΪȻת˲ҶɫȻ䣬ΪǰȻֱڹѣ
ҶæһʮȻȹŮȻҶǰ
ҶŹѵٶԽԽ죬ѪѾ
ȹŮҶɴЦݣֻЦЩɭˡ
ʱҶͻȻһȭȹŮһĨ죬һֱֵֻӡҶȭͷ֮ϡ

һըȹŮֱӱ˰ɿ⡣
⣬ȹŮ˿ԼСƣȻ̧ͷԶҶѽء
ʱһֱӵȹŮü䡣
ȹŮʱס
Ҷ˷̫ʱ뾫ҾãӦòңһѧֵͿˡ㲻Ը⣿
ͣ
ü΢һѪʱȹŮüȻ󻺻䡣
֮ǰҶһֱ취ô׬ȡѧ֣֮ǰû뵽뵽ˡ
زپҵ
ٸƶ


2043 ˣ
ȹŮϣһѪ˳ȹŮıӻ䣬Ů촽֮ϣʱȹŮͻȻͷǵѪ顣
ЩޣҲЩˣΪȹŮǴ˵ĹЦݡ
ȻҶȴɫƽһҲΪ
֪ǰȹŮ϶һ㣬ǣҶ˼Ķˡ
¹ʲô
˵¹аЩͷʹ
ʱȹŮͻȻЦλС磬ղһ찡˼ҶûӦأû뵽ô죬׼ҡ
ʲô㣡
ҶͻȻȹŮĻϽģһѧ֣һѧ֣ҿ׼ڴ򣬲ˣҪһѧ֡
ȹŮһ𣿡
ҶȻǣ㿴ڽٸƶ㿴ô㲻Ӧþȼһ𣿡
ȹŮգգۣԼұ˾ȼãԭ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷԣǲأ
䣬΢΢һȹŮü䣬һѪ黺˳
ȹŮҶãȻָһһɫƬҶǰѧֵ㣬С磬𣿡
ҶѧֿȻڸһֿ
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Ҷſһ£ȻһſݸȹŮҪԭ˵һѧ־һѧ֡ڣˡ
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ʱҶ̧־һ£
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ȹŮ̧ͷҶأ
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ȹŮգգۣȻڨЦЦˡ
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ˮˮһȻеĿҶǰҶһٵѧֺȻת߽С
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˵仰ת뿪ͼݣȻʧʡ
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ʱһһȥת۰¶ȥ
棬Ѿȥʱ䡣
ҲЩ뿴飬ûзʲôر顣
졣
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Ҷ룬ȻȥƮˣҶղסŶԣղסˣ


2044 񫣡
ҶĻǸɫһ㶣Ҫ˵ʱҶͻȻ̧ͣͷʡ
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ȹŮ΢΢ͷɫЩ䡣
ˮˮһۣȻЦôҲģ
΢΢ҡͷһԶҶȻҶ˵ģ
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ˮˮ㶣ʲôˣ
ЦҲûʲôǰλĹԱһģҶأ죬죬ǵˡԣˣ
ˮˮգգۣȻ˼ǣɱģ
΢΢ҡͷɱˣҪѧֵġ˵⣬ҶΪ˲Ǳѧ֣ɱòãƤ֮࣬˵òã
ҶһˣȻһԵˮˮʸ£طɱˣֻǱѧ𣿡
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̧ͷһ۽ףȻΪʲôô᣿
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һᣬΪǶ𡭡

Ҷһ뿪۳ǣããǿ֮УΧǹ⣬ǿ֮УгɳСޱȡ
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ʱҶҡҡͷ˵ףʵĹʵһ˦ڶԷϣ¿̵ڶԷϣԷûĽᡣûʵ㲻˵ֻҪԷ㰭ۣɱ㡣Ǿϻ˵ĺãǿԣ
˵⣬Ҷֱӻһʧʣգۼ䣬ԷѾ۳ǡ
ΪʲôסʱһԵˮˮͻȻ
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ˮˮһȻ㲻㣿
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ֻһԭ򣬻һԭǣֲʲô𣬼ȻԴ»СΪʲôСأ
ʱҶָһ㣬Զǿ֮ƮŵһöɽɵУɽ䣬Ǹεġ
ûпɽ䣬ҶתҪߣʱˮˮͻȻҪȥ̽أȥȥ
ȥ
Ҷ˵꣬תߡ
ԴʯˮˮͻȻ
ԶҶͣ


2045 ʷǰ
Դʯ
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ҶˮˮˮˮȴǿԵġɨһܣȻóһ̡
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ҶҪ˵ʱɫ΢䣬ˣ
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˵꣬ˮˮתӡ
ʱŮǰʮ⣬һɫĻͻȻԵص׳ɫĻֱӵסŮȥ·ţһȹŮӳ˵ǰ
ͬʱ󣬲֪ʱһźɫ۵ӡ
ӻҶȥѧԺѧû뵽컹иջ񡣡


2046 ʲô⣡
٣
Ҷһ˲˵ǰ״Ҫ˴ˡ
ҶԣˮˮЦ֪ѧԺģҶǳ֣㵨ܷʰ
ѧԺ˲𣿡
ǺЦҵóϣѧԺȷʵе˲𣬵ǣⲻ˲𡣶ң֪ѧԺѧи⣬ѧԺǲܵģ֪˵ĶԻǲԣ
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ҶЩŵ
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üͷ΢壬ʲô⣬û
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2047 ֻɱˣ
ˮˮҶ㣡
죡
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ֱӱһɣһͣһ쵽£޷ܣҲܣһܣ뱻
ջ˼峯΢΢һҽ͵һųϾһߣһߣֱҶĽ֮ϣõҶĽֱӴƽ̡̱
ҶȴͻȻɿ˽͵һɿռ䣬ռ䴫Ҷҽ͵ؾǳǰһߣһߣֱӿ¡
ôƣֻߵԷ£ط
û뵽ҶķӦȻ˵Ŀ죬ȻҶһԼ£µųڿռ֮ϣһֱֻӳҶ˹ȥ
أ
һŮע£绬һ㳯ˣҽ֮ռֱӱһơɼҶղһŵǺĿֲ
Ҷδͣ£ٴγӵǰһΣûý̧һžͳ˹ȥ
䣡
һֱõΧռһ·һ㣬ޱȡ
˫΢УһĨɫ˫ͻȻһӡת˲һӡ֮ϯ
䣡
Ҷֱӱ˳ȥ
ԶҶ˿Լƣ˿̣ƱƤѾպڣһ̿
Ҷ̧ͷӣӵ˫֮ϣƮŵĽɫ档ղǽⲢǹ⣬ǻ棬ʳɫĻ档
Ҷ˦˦֣˿̣ѾָˡһĻԶɫһôģ
Ҷû˵һֱ˿Уһֱ̣ӻһ⳯ӱȥ
Զ˫΢УڣһŻȼգһ̣һ𡣶ʱҶͻȻһɫĻ棬һ̣Ҷһ׹Ļǣ
һˮˮ˵עУֱײһ
䣡
ʣһɻ͵ɢпռһֱ
ˮˮŮæ󷽱ˣǿǲǣˡ
ɻ𶼲Ƿ
ʱһƬ𺣡
ûз֣ƬûԶǾ˵񣬵ǣǾ˵ȴһ㶼ûܵӰ졣
ƣһƬ˽һӲŽʧ˿̣ҶӶڡ˫ûʲô顣
Ҷʲô𣡡
Ҷ̯ģڣһСƮšǰĻ棬Ҷ΢ƣѾܾúܾûˡǿô˼ע뽣ϡ
⣡
ǽһ⣬ԣＫãܹٶȵǴӱжغӡûù
ûãã
һ̣Ҷ󣬳һԺɫ֣ҶֱƮ
ʥ˽ף
ԶɫʱЩѿԶҶͻȻʧԭء
ɫȻ䣬һ̣һǿǿֱõٶΪ֮Ť
УŻͻȻһ̣һɻͻȻϯ
䣡
УһըȻ쳹ת˲ֱӱس˳ȥҶҲǿسˣܿͣ
ͣҶ̧ͷԶӣҪ֣ʱԲԶͻȻһһ˿Ҷһ̣һâһ˲Ҷǰ
Ҷ˫ֽճȭȻǰһ䡣
أ
Ҷֱӱɣ
ҶͣһУһֱӳУһ̣̯Ŀʼת
ԶɫЩ䱸Χռ俪ʼȻ˶ơ
սһ
ס֣
ʱһͻȻһԴܿ죬һǹӳ˵С
ǹӿ첽ߵҶǰһҶеĽȻλСֵܣ˴ĿģӦΪ˽صĽ֮Уɱˣ԰ɣ
ҶҲɱ˵ģǣȴҪɱң
ǹ΢΢ͷȻתͷԶ֣Ӳû£ûҪŪһɣ
лӿһԲԶǽӣ˿̣ϻɢŵ棬ɫЩ԰ףȴûΣա̧ͷԶҶҪ˵ʱԵͻȻˣôˣ
˵⣬ԶҶҶ㾹Ȼôˣô˵Ĳӣվ˵ۣ
ԣǽкĳǹüͷ
ʱǺͻȻָҶҪˣҲԣԶ˫۸Ҷⲻǣ¾ˣȻ
ȻǶɣ
ʱԶҶͻȻŽǺ˹ȥҲˣϾ˷ʱ䡣ڡ
˵⣬ҶɫЩڣֻɱˣ
䡣
ˣ
ҶеĽȻ˻


2048 ʷǰż
ŽҶѾ
ԭٶȾѾ죬ּ˿̵ٶȣѾ쵽˶޷ĵزǿĽ뼫ٶȣõҶ֮Ŀռֱӱ˺ѿ
ԶǺǽлɫһ̳
һ̣֪ԼԶԶ͹ǰˡ
Ϊ
ǽлӳһСȻ˫΢΢һ̧ת˲͵سԼǰһġ
䣡
һǿϯҶǵӴпռ͵һ߱ǿֱӽǻس󷽲ϱˡ
ʱһԵǺͻȻǰһ̽һâϸ֮£ᷢâм䣬һϸϸĺߡ
棬Ҷٽһն
һնǵâ˲仯룬ǣǸȴڡˣǸѾҶǰҪҶǰһ
һĻõҶЩ⧲
ǺҶǰ໹аʱͣΪҶһֻץסǸߣȻǺ̺֮ǿõҶֱֻ۶Ϊ֮

ʱǺͻȻڡ
䣡
䣬ҶеǸֱըѿһ˲䣬Ҷֱӱǧɿ⡣
ȻǺɫȴǳΪҶû¡ʱҶһõİɫϣɫ壬ղǺΪըͷųȫЩɫ赲
ǺһԵǻɫҲЩѿҲû뵽ǰȻǿ̶ֳȡ
ԶǹӺҲһĨ죬ĿҶð֮ϣдź֮ɫ
ԶҶŤŤӣͷʱǲ졣ת˲ǰ̤һһ̤ʮ˳УҶٴ̤һһ˳С

ǰٶǴǿߣ¶ƣκβöԷ
Щֺɫڱˣ
һԵǺҲǴźε֮ɫ

ּȻ֪ģһЩ֮ǽЩټˣ
ڣû뵽ԼȻһʮϼˡ
һ˲䣬ǺЩˡڸղӦһղѡһھͲƴһˡңǰʵһ˽󣬱ضŲ׵ţ
֮һ鷳
˿̣ѾûʱȥЩڵǣҪԵЩ
ԶҶ˫ۻ۵һ̣ΧʮͻȻʼתת˲һڳݺύЩ˲ǽû
֮Уһը𡣾˲һӣеЩŽƽϢ
ʧҶˮˮŮУҶţŮ΢΢һ
˵ǶںҶǴ˿̣ҶһģҶҲضӶˡ
Ҷ棬ǻ˶ûǣ˶Ѿˡ
ǻ˫ѾʧǺΪңϽ˲ʮնѾʧڵû֮ǰޣֻпֲ
ȻҶȴûҪֵ˼Žǻȥʱ֮ǰҶս꣬Ҳǻ򸾵ĶͻȻҶǰԶҪβſϰݣ
ҶǺҪԶ˫ڣҾҪ
䣬ҶҪ֣ʱһԵĺͻȻҶǰһҶȻ顣
ҸɣҶֱǺ
΢΢һЦ㲻ȥȥˡвУ
ҶҪȥס
Ȼ
Цڴ˵أһʮλǿߣУһλ벽ʥ˽סܹĹôˣ
ôǿߣ
ʱһԵˮˮͻȻʡ
΢΢ͷһҶȻСֵܣҳΪԴʯ߱ʲôûҪƴһղŵ飬ǻǵĲǣҴСֵǡڣʽСֵλǣһͬѰصԴʯ֪СֵΣ
Ҷ룬ȻЦȻԡ
䣬
ʵ֮ǰѾܵΧǿϢסȻǲģ岻ҪԷƴһ֮ǰ֮ҪǻƴΪ
ҶûôС
ôҪĿչԼʵõЩ˵ϿɣΨˣЩ˲ŻˮˮŮСڣĿѾﵽ
ǻһڣһ㶼⣬ǿҪɱѺѡڵһЩǿ߾ˡ
ҶϰݣһԵǻһһҶݣȻϾ˵ģңǺҲӲܡȻˣǣǱضҲӱ߳Ȧӵˡ
ߵҶǰСֵγƺ
ҶҶ
˵ͷ߰ɣ˵˵ؾ顣
ܿ죬ʧԭءںĴ£Ҷؾ⣬⣬ʮˣЩˣһ⣬ͶǴ
Ҷ˳ʱЩ˷׷ͶĿ⣬Ӧ˵ҶϣҶʱЩ˷׷΢΢ͷǴк
֮ǰǳսȻǿ˵ġ
ʵˣȻ׵õ˵Ͽɡ
ҶҲ΢΢ͷǴк˾ȻҲ𾴱ˡ
˶໥ģ
ҶԣǺָָԶû
Ҷ̧ͷȥһ޴Բţž޴״š
Ҷ򲻿
ҡҡͷܴ򿪣ǣҽ
ΪΣҶ⡣
ΪУصкüλֵܽȥѾϢʧˡңǰ˾ֵĲҽ
жҶʡ
ЦǶһ֪ǣǱ뾡ȥȻɾҪʧˡ
ʧ
ҶΪʲô
͵⣬ÿһʱͻʧȻڱĵطҲ֪Ϊʲô˵󲻴˵СҲСʧҪѰңҲҪһġңĴңһЩܶѾˡһȻƿؾܣʱȲˡ
˵⣬һȻڣ׼һ
ôҶʡ
̧ͷԶǿƿŽ롣
Ҷ̧ͷԶǰȻҶоЩΣյĸо
ʷǰ
ʷǰµģЩˣǵʲôģ
ܣЩ𰸡


2049 ǿͼ
˵ļƻһ֣żƿһӡ
뷨Ȼûġ

ѡżĶΪͻƿڣʮǿżϿգӿиȥżеһ޴ĵӡ
ǰǺλзգûҪ˳ģ
ҡͷزô˳
һҲһ羰
΢΢ͷһ֣
䣬ĳǹͻȻһȻֱӻһǹâ·ȥ
ԵЩҲǷ׷׳֡
һ׹£żĶλá
أ
˵ע£żĶͻȻը˿һ޴Ŀӳ˵С
Уһۣû˸Ҷ
һȥɣʱ̬ˡ
˵˵ͷʾû顣
ܿ죬һż֮С
ڰ
һƬڰ
սУǰһƬڰ۸κζ
ɫ䱸ޱȡ
ۣ
ʱһŻڳͻȻŻֺ˿˳еĳڵǽϣһͼΡ
ǣ
Ҷԣˮˮеǿգ
ҶǽڣȻˮˮԣǽϵͼξһƬƬǿա
ǿ
ˮˮָһһɨܵЩǽڣÿһǽϵǿնһ
ΪżĴˣܵǽҲǳĴÿһǽڣ߶ȶʮɣҲʮɡҶɨһۣЩǽ֮ϻƵǿգаٷ
Щʲô
˿нǴɻ
һԵˮˮ۾ͻȻǷʲôܣˮˮ쳣Χ˶ˡ˶ˮˮУǺЦСŮ޿Ƿʲô
ˮˮ΢΢һתʱһԵҶͻȻʲô˵ɣ
ˮˮȻǻˣʲôСۣôضȫʬġģһʡ͵ĵƣˮˮʵǿҲͰˣϧĿ˵ġ
ΪҶ
ˮˮԣҲǳ˵˵
ȻˮˮҪࡣ
һҶģȻЦЦţĿˮˮϡ
ʱˮˮҲʶʲôԼЩ˼ָָԶǷͼλǰǿͼûʲô쳣֮
˿ǷͼȻɴɻ֮ɫ
ˮˮЦСŮޣͱˣҿļĺܣֱ˵˰ɣ
ˮˮ˵ͷѧԺͼ֮пǴǧĵͼƬ棬ǿ֮۳һͼһСĴǧ档
˵ţָŲԶǸͼǴǧ棡
˿ˮˮָǸͼҶҲˡ
𾪣
ޱȵ𾪡
ˮˮʵΧЩǿյͼζţǧһ棿ңһЩǿյͼǴǧǸͼҪ
Ķˣ
滹Ҫͨ
ʱͻȻ˵
˼˻˿ײ棬һƬڣףκζ
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˵⣬ɨһ۳ˣһȥλûɣ
ȻжԼСžţǣ˶ĿˣȻ֪ڴڧʣǺԣˮһա
ҪڧҲֻҵԴʯһЩĶʱڧ
ڧ
˵ĶƵģˣֻʱԵġ
ЩǽڵĻô죿ʱˮˮͻȻ
ԣֳĬ
˶ЩǷЩӰͼûãóȥ϶ҲܹһüǮġѧԺĴ϶ǻҪġ
˶ǺڵĺСȦӵͷˡ
룬ȻλҸ˽黹ǲҪȡߣ
ΪΣ˵æʡ
һۣãǣ飬ĴѧԺЩضѾ֪ЩڣҲض֪ʱǻŹЩ𣿻˵ܹӵĹǵ׷ɱ
촽˶ȻЩġ
һԣҶɿһǺǰ˲һ㰡ջ£ȻܹʧǣҲǣѵã
ʱֵλǰЩ룬λļҪȫӦòʲô⣬𣿡
ԣ۾һԼȫͺˣһǵ˺ô鷳
æɨܣΧЩڻȫ
ҶɨһܣҲǽЩЩǰײǣҲպõŵĵط
һӺѾȫ¡
߰ɣ
£ȳ·Ʈȥ
˽
һŻ˻׹䣬ܿ죬˸оһϢɫԽ䱸ˡ

ʱ˽Ŵˡ
ҶɨһܣĹĻ޷ɢȥˣ֮ڿΧˡ
ʱ
ǣ
ԶͻȻһţ𣬺ܿ죬ԶһɫĹâ
ţ
˿һţ
һۣСЩ
˵˵ͷȻǵš
ҶУȻһֱʲôõҪˡ
ǵŲ໹ɵľʱͻȻһ̶ļд˳
һ˲䣡
˶ĤֱѣѪ˲˶˳ҶһЩΪ㹻ǿֵסǵ̶ļҲܣԴ·һ㣡
黹δҶԲԶҲұߵĵԴͻȻըѿѪԽ˲һأԴըѵһ̣Եһ˻δӦԴҲ֮ըѿ
ͻһĻõó˶⧲˷Ӧ죬·׷׳ˣȻ˵Ĺ֮УȻԴըѿѪԽڳн䡣
һĻѪޱȣ
ʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬ΪоԼԴȻҪըѿ
ʲô
Ҷд󾪣߶ʮһٽǰ͵ؾһ
ͣ
һѩڳһ
һ˲
ͻȻ
䣡
ͻȻҲضɽҡĸо
Ҷ˫ԲڣѪ˿ʱһֻѪɫͻȻҶԴϡ


2050 ֣
ֻѪֳֵĺףҶûС
ҶͷһֻѪɫ֣ˮˮŮɫһ䣬׷׳ˡ
ˣʣµǺҲٶȳ˶ȥ
գۼ䣬˾ʧ˳С
ֻʣҶ
ҶǲӣӲˡ
޷
һʼҶΪֻѪɫҪɱԼǺ֣ܿˡΪԭԴҪըѵģڣֻѪɫԴʱԴȻƽ
ǹҪըԴʧˣ
ô£
Ҷ㶣ܿ죬뵽һˡ
а
ֻѪɫ־аģаԷΪҪ
ҶУɻ֮ɫ
ʱһâҶǰԶ
ҶһݣȻаˡ
źâƮǵŴԼʮɵλʱͣת˲һд˳㵹Ǿĺܣһ¾ͲĲͬҪɱҵǲԣǣ㾹ȻҪȡ˻Ե
ʱǵ֮УͻȻ˽Ų
Ҷȥ֮Уһͷ˳е񣬵ǣûгֻ˫ţ˫żߣƼΡֵһ˵죬ʼΣǳһ롣˫۸ǳɫ棬һƬСڶ
ʲô
Ҷüͷ
ʱͷͻȻֱӳźâҧ˹ȥһڣȻ뽫аһ¡
Ȼֻһ򵥵ҧҶ֣޵ٶʵеˣȻ˶ԷĶǣԷǶֵĻ޷ֻӲ
ʱҶǰźâ֮ͻȻһֻѪɫֱֻ֣Ӱ޵ļϡ
أ
ҶĿ֮Уźâֱӱ󣬶ԶҲŵһߡ
ҶɫޱȵأʲôޣȻаﶼܹˣ
ʱ³һĻҶƤһһˡʱֱӳ˹
Ҷ󾪣̧־һն
ͣ
һƿնȥٶȼ죬˲ն޵ϡ
Ȼ
䣡
Ȼըѿȴһ¶ûС
ʲô
Ҷд󾪣ʱѾǰת˲ҶоһɿֲϯʱһֻѪɫͻȻӳǰת˲ֻѪɫ͵سǰһ
أ
ͷֱӱһâƵűߵλá
ߣʱҶͻȻһŭ
Ҷ㶣Ȼתܡ
ţ
ʱһ̶ļͻȻڳһԵҶֱӽӲתѪˣԴʼѡ

ʱһͻȻڳ
壡
ҶʱоԼһЩҶһֱӻһ⳯ԶȥҶҪżʱֻͻȻǶ˵ĳڴ
һĻҶɫʱһԷٶȣ̫̫ˣٶȶȲ϶Է
Ӳˣ
ҶЩ޲ûгֻ֣ǾǿȻԷڼɵа
ҶаҲûг֣ʱЩ֡
Ҷ룬ȻҾãҿԾú̸һ̸죬ԺΪ˵أ
ҪԴ̸
ʱһͻȻҶ
а
ҶΪʲô
аﵭϣζߴˣԵᵽˡͷ󲢲֪㣬ֻͬھΪֻ֪֪ǴˣԵҪ

Ҷ֪а˵ǺͷޣаﶼҪãͬǣа֪ͷ޲֪
Щˡ
ҶɨһܣȻô죿
Ȼа
֪аﵭ
򲻹ҶЩ졣аǷǳǳģ涼£ܲ
ΪҪƴаﷴʡ
ԣҶס԰˼ΪҪΪƴ
ǵÿԼ
ҶɨһܣĿ⿴ԶǵţҲһȻҲһ·ǳ·Ҫߵ·
Ϊ·Ѿ·ˣ
Ҷ̧ͷޣ˿̣ΧĿռѾʼȻԷҪ̲סˡ
Ҷ΢΢һȻ˫һУɲǼ䣬ʮ˳УͬʱһصҲ˳С

ɱ
ҶͻȻڳת˲Щһ⳯޼ȥ
Ҷֱӻһ⳯ԶǵżȥЩʱǣƣҶ˳Ľǵ֮Уڱж졣
Ҷǰһ׵ȣû˿ԥҶֱӳȥͬʱһⲻֶȻȥ
ͷһ㳯׷˹ȻҶĽ޷˵ͷޣǣ赲ЩǿԵģЩҶѾʧȵľͷ
أ
ͷͻȻͣǾͷ֮ɫȻ󲻶ϷšȻҶȴͷҲء
ȾͷһĴ˸ŲɫĹâܵǽϣǶһ鲻ͬɫıʯ
ǽϣ϶ˣ
ҶɨһܣȻ̧ͷǰԶһˮס
ײģ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˹ȥߵǹײǰײҲصıʯɣΪǸŵԵʣˣҶûпײڲ
ҡҶ֣ʶ봩͸⸱ײģ
򿪣
ҶЩԥȷʵܺ棬Ϊ棬Ǵ˵еʷǰˣһ棬һ㣬ĺè
ޣҶ֣û׷ˣڼɵʲôǶԷҲû뿪Ǻŭš
Ҷ֪Է϶ڼɵʲôԲҽ
Ŀ˻ȻһܣĿԶǽϣǽϣһǿͼ⸱ǿͼЩǿͼһ
Ҷߵǽ£̧ͷǸǿͼ棬ĴָСĺڵ㣬Щڵ㣬ĿмĲλһž޴ҳˮɫ
סĵط
ʱһͻȻڳ
Ҷסܿ죬͵תͷԶǸײġ
ǲ
Ҷע£ǸײĵĹײĸͻȻᶯ


2051 ɣ
˿̵ҶЩëȻָо񵱳аʱָо
ҶһһСˣǣ뵨СûУϵδ֪ǳ˺棬ʵһ˿ɵ
ҶסԼȻǹײģǹײĵĹײĸǴ˿ǣȴû˳
סĵط
ǵͻȻֵͣȻըţ棬иλ棬ά磬ǣһʼʱЩ棬Щλ棬Щά磬ûġ
˵⣬ͣ
ҶǹײһۣȻȻأ
Ȼ󡭡ǹײڴǸ󾭹ķЩǻۣȻǿʼ죬ţǸʱƼ
ΪʧˣҶʡ
Ӷᣡ
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Ȼǻ𣡡
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˵⣬˶٣ȻʣãҵӶᣬ𣿡
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˵ĸҪ棬ҪߣȻҪӶġҶҶҲӶƬؼǣӶᣬͻҲˡ
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ʱֵҲģǷӶȻǲӦġȻǸʱ߿Ƽ˵ǿġʤ죬仰ʱǳеġǣʵĽǣһһʧˡ
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ʲôҶˡ
Ĭˡ
Ҷǹײһۣһڵθ
ʱͻȻϸܵһһܹӳ˵ĶѾ翵ĶֻǣչԽ죬ܾԽ졣
ǰ
ҶǰһȻǼȻ˻ΪβϸԭǱصޣ
ҶȻһ˽ˣǴ˿̣ԼбҪΪȫһ䡣˵˵ǶԷ顣ʣҪһµġ
˵ˣǻ𣿡
ʹţǻı𣿻𣿲ģ統ǡ
ҶĬΪ޷
ʱֵϲһȻɣǣͨУͨƼɡһ£һ򣬱ԳʮˣǣʮĳһͻȻˡȻֳַȥô
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Ŵ˵һƬ֮У˶ˣ˵ܾúܾòŻһʼôһ꣬ʮأ
ҶЦô˵Ƕû𣿡
ܹ»һַ֣ǳǳСˣͨˡǹƽģȡ˶٣Ҫȥ١ͨˣδӶأȻҲͲó
ʣµأҶʡ
һ֣رӵضΪһ壬ǵĴڣ޺ܹΪĺôҲܻ
һأҶʡ
ߴߣ
ˣһõرӡҲ׻ϣһܹӳ˵ıδܻкܴ鷳

Ҷ֪Է˵ǱӦþǺ⣬ܹΪˣǣʱҲ鷳
࣬ˣʱͻȻ
Ҷ룬ȻǰΪλ
Ѿ˯˯̫ãֻֻû뵽һЩˡڣҵϾҲ͵ڵ֮ȥ
Ҷԥ£ȻǰǸԴʯûУܸܲһ鰡
ԴʯǺ֮дһ˿졣
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ȼæǵ似ʲô
Ĭ˺һᣬȻܿ죬һ龧Ө͸ʯͷͻȻҶǰʯеĶҲ֪ϲϲֻһ
ҶæȻлˣ
࣡
ʱͻȻɰһæ
ʲôæҶʡ
ﴢѾǳǳϡ٣Щ棬պɷΪҴһЩҪ̫ࡣ
ҶЦȻԣ˵һС£Ȼܾ
лˣ˵꣬ײĸͻȻ
Ҷǹײı˱ȭȻת˳ȥſڣͷޣ˿̣ǽǴû˶⡣Ҷ΢΢˵ͷȻһʧԶ
޿һҶȥķȻſ˵ϡ
УǹײĸѾ׸
һᣬһͻȻڳ𣬡ԭѾȥ˰ꡭһֻأһԪ˭һ˶


2052 Ҳ
Ҷ뿪صżǺˡ
ˮˮҲڡ
ΧҪ˵ͻȻתǰżͻȻģ˵УżʼԽԽãԽԽ͸ֱżʧ
ʧˣ
ǰôʧˣһټûУ
Сʲô
ʱһͻȻʡ
ջ˼׷׿ҶȻҶôãһŵܺ档
ҶЦЦҲûʲôһͷޣսһȻܳˡ
𣿡ӵ
ҶӣȻʲô
ֱҶС־ûõʲô磬Դʯ
ҶҡҡͷûС
ģЩˡ
ҶߵǰԶˡֱԣ˵ûõԴʯԴʯΣɱ˶ᱦԣ
ԣɫʱЩѿ
Ҷȴûйֱתߡʱˮˮæȥ
Сѣ
һԣǺͻȻЦΣϲˡ
ҶһǺȻΣյʱÿӵıӻ죬˭
˵꣬ҶֱӻһʧңԶʾͷˮˮŮȥ
ԭأǺʣɫƽ֪ʲô
ʱһߵͻȻ˼ǿϢ⼸ϢԼٶȳϮ
ĴѧԺ˰
֣𣿡ӵɫЩš
ЦʲôʱʵͺáʲôҲûõ

۳ǡ
ص۳ǺҶûйˮˮŮֱӳͼݱȥ
Ҷ
ʱˮˮͻȻҶǰֱҶõʲô
ˮˮ
ʱһԵͻȻˮˮҶг˽䱸֮ɫ
ҶŮһۣȻתʧԶ
ҶȥĶʱһ
Ľ㣬ôˣˮˮЩס
תˮˮ棬ΣʱǼûһ˳ȣ㣬ǻкø𣿿϶ûеġڣȥżõĻԵ
˵⣬ûоʱѾɱˡҲΪǺԭΪʣǰһ϶ᱩߣһߣģɱⳡڣ
ԣˮˮ촽˶˵ʲôʲôҲû˵
ֵż֮Уǳ־壬֣Ǳ֣ҲֲʲôǣʲôǾȥʣȥǡȻҪûǸʵûʵҪȥǱ˵ĶǾˣ
ˮˮˣ
̧ͷԶȻǻʲôǣǻԵҲ鷳ò˶ãͻˣ

ҶصͼݣͼڣҶһط˳ڣʱͼݣԼȻҪȥʷǰ˸ǿ鴫ʯ
Զ㿴һԶҶȻһܣʯǰʯ棬ڷһǽס
ʯϣֻСƮţĿⲻʱҶֲ̧ͷ
ڡ
Ҷǰǿ龧Ө͸ʯͷãȻһ㣬ָʯͷʱʯͷͻȻըѿг˲á
һ߲磬ɢ߲ɫĹâ
ҶɨһܣʱǰһõӰӣõӰߵҶǰԶǣҶ޷ԷֻܿһģӰ
ʱǵӰͻȻɹɹлɫˮɫҲɫҶһӻȻʡ

ؼ䣬У
ҲǽӴģҲ֪һЩ
ʱӰΧͻȻת
Ҫں𣿡
Ҷüͷ΢壬ںϣǾûʲôϡˡΪںϹȻܲǶ˵û̫
ʱҶΧĳͻȻ˱仯
˿̵һƬ֮УһƬԣޱȣȻǳһ̣гãҶĿ֮УΧЩͻȻ˽ɫȻ䡭
ת˲Χ¶ͻȻΧƬѾһı˪ǡ
ҶΧĳϱ仯š
Ҷˡ
ﶬ
ǰŴﶬĸڡ
뵽ʲôȻתͷԶǺӰˣǺӰȻڣǺӰ˵ܣڲתšתǰĳҲŲϱ任
⣬ҶЩˡ
ںϣԸı䣬ı͵ڸı硣еˣǣĳһΧڣԸıΧڵһеģ
ⲻǻҲǴ죬Ǹı䣬йı䣡
뵽⣬ҶǷһĨЦݡ

Ҷ˽ģһڽʩչǺĿֲҪ֪ڽڣžԿȨģ
ڣԳأͿԸıƬأԸı䣬á
һʱ䣬Ҷ뵽ֿܡЩҲǺӰҪĲȫһûϵҶҪȫȥѧ˵ĶӰ˵ĵѣ»ص˽顣
ãԲϱǿûз򣬶ڣһ
˵Ҷ˫ۻۺ󣬳гָǿ龧Ө͸ʯͷǰǰʯͷҶ΢ƣȻǰ̤һ

һ̣ǧڵķΧȫ֡
ȻҶʼˡ
һʼڳģڵĿռ俪ʼҲȶͻȻ
䣡
ڵĿռͻȻըѿҶֱһھѪͬʱ˸ǳź׷˳ȥһɣɳǧɲͣ
ҶȻûзȻʼ

ͼ֮У㱧ǰǺɫ᲻ϷţʱͻȻתͷȥһ˽
ɨһܣȻԱأ
ȻʲôҪ
ǹԱӴ㵵
ҡҡͷǣ²ڣҰæһ¡
Ӵһ㣬ͻȻĿһʯϵĽϣܿ죬һĨ֮ɫģĨֱ𾪡
һᣬջĿ⣬Ȼ㣬ЦеСãΣ
ҡҡͷҪ˵ʱͻȻֱǱȻһӣɾʯǰɽˣ
㶣ȻҲ

ЦˣڣѾҵˡңղǴӦ˵ģ
㼱ĶˣңûдӦ
⽣ҶģߣҶ϶ģһҪˡ뵽⣬Ӽˡ
ȴƤЦⲻЦͻȻֱӿסĲӣȻСã⽣ҵˣ𣿡
ʼϣ۾͹Ѿ˵ŬҡСԴ


2053 ϲɱˣ
˵ľǿ񽥽
⽣ˣ
ʱһͻȻڳ
ԣתͷȥһ
ȻҶ
Ҷޱ飬ӡ
ЦСŮ޵ĸ磬Ҳǣģ
Ҷ˵ͷҵġ
أЦ
Ҷˣ
ԣϵЦݽˡһɣ˵ϣڵϣǾҿ
ҶߵǰʱͻȻסҶңûû
ҶСԴȻЦ֪ôҸĽأ
ԣ㿴Ҷ𣿡
ҶЦȻ㣬ţСҲŵġ
סҶ֣ǣǽУҡ
ȻС
ҶЦû£ʣµ½磬Ա߿ţòã
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Ҷֻ۸ˣôñ۸ң۸㣬۸ҡ
˵ţ㱧ŷϣȻתꡣ
һԣҡҡͷһʼΪһʶʱˣڿ㡭
ʱҶͻȻʧԭأҶʧһ˲ɫȻ䣬һˣȻǳˡһֻȭͷֱӺ
ۣ
һھѪ˳ת˲˹峯ɳͼݡ
ͼ⣬껹δأҶǳǰת˲Ҷ̧һ̤ļϡ
أ
ֻұֱӷ飬䱾Ҳ˲ǵϣ䵽棬Ҷһֻűǲӵؿڡ
ۣ
ӿٴһھѪ
ҶֱӣʱеĽֱӵ֣ȻɵҶһԵæʯȥȻܵǱǰǽ˻
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ǲ
ֻϥǴĹͷ˲飬ֱֻȥҶһӱǹһͼݵǰӸҪʱͻȻȻֱӶӵ˫ϣ棬˵֮ϡ
ҶߵǰȻߵӵǰҶ㣬𣿡
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ҶЩ⡣
̧ͷҶֻ¸Ȼҡ
Ҷһ̾㣬֪أǣûϵҲЩҲδպҪ㣬߱ʲôͼڵңһ統ʱֻǵİ㵱һСȻܹõҵϿɣҾͲ㣬㿴¹С𣿡
Ҷ֣ЩУⲻһرõ顣СûûεԸЩ
֪˭
ʱһͻȻ˻Ƶ
ҶһӣȻ֪˭
Ӽѵ̧ͷҶҶߵӵǰҲ˭Ҳ˭ҿȷĸ㣬˭ȲߣʹϵѧԺԺ֮ǰҲһŪ㡣
˵⣬ȻֵӲûϵϲľˡҵҪܼ򵥣˵һپԲȻҾʹһ㣡
䣬ҶתߵǰȻСԴ۸ҶãҲǼƽϣǣ۸ߵˣںҲҪŪ
㿴ҶƶǶ
ҶһһУӰ֪СףӰǰλСŮ
λСŮպӰ硣
ܿ죬ͼݵܾۼһЩˣЩˣͼݽġЩˣĿⲻʱһԹڵϵϣʱֿһԵҶ㡣
г˺棡
ԽԽ࣬һʱ󣬳Ѿۼʮˡ
ʱһɫͻȻ˳УӿһԶǹڵϵӣӵĲʱɫһתͷԶҶģ
Ҷ˵ͷģ
˭ĵӣ
ǰͻȻŭȵ㡭
ʱҶʯϵǱͻȻһʧԭء
ˣ
һͻȻڳ
ԶǰɫȻһ䣬˫ֳǰһ죬Ȼһһ׵ǰţһǵ׵֮ϣһ˲䣬ǵ׵ͻȻǣֱӽҶǱװס
ʱԶʯϵҶͻȻһʯ
أ
ʯһҶֱӻһһ̣ҶһֱֻǱĽ֮ϡ
ͣ
ҶĽֱӴǰӵ׵磬ֱ롣һĻǰɫ䣬ǿгԱһǻЩ٣ǱֱӴش
أ
ǰֱӷɳ˰ɣһأԶҶͻȻһУǰǱֱӷɻصҶУǰشֱӼһѪ
Уѻȸ
˵ĿⶼҶһֻһԱ
Ȼǲŵģһ̣˶ҶݶˡеѾʼȥˣ
Զǰӿ˿Լش˿ڣȻ̧ͷԶѾʯϵҶ㾿˭
Ҷ˰һۣȻָһԹŵӣɱ㣬ɵġҲ˭Ҳ˭ڣҪȥǣ˵ҶҪˡ˭ȣҾɱ˭
ԣǰɫޱȵѿûڶ֣ΪղŵĽ֣Ѿõ֪սǰˡڳ֣޷ǾǶһˣ
ѧʦˣ
ʱͻȻһ
ת˲һӳҶԶֳһɢŨϢ
ľˣ
Ӹ˵ĵһо
ӿһһǹŵӣȻֿҶû뵽ССһͼݾȻһλ꣬⡣
Ҷʼ磬Ȼ˵ģ
˵أӷʡ
ҶЦҾ㲻ȣ
ΪΣһ˿Ȥ
ҶЦ˵أ
ӴһҶȻе˼ȻҲǣҵһ£ǰλ˿е㲻򵥣ɱ
ʱҶͻȻҡҡͷӵĻǸһ£֪˵ʲôҲʲôǡ
˵⣬ͻȻָԶǹŵӣȣɱ磬ȣɱүүȣɱүүȫȣҾɱȫҡ
˵⣬Ҷ΢ƣⱲӣûʲôȺãΨһĲȺãϲɱˣ


2054 ʥˣ˲
Ⱥɱˣ
ҶĻʱɫʱЩŹˡ
ӣҲ˿ƺѧʦҶãȻѧԺ
ԼбҪһǰλ꣬ѧԺûܹ֮ѣҶʲôЩϧţ
Ҷ츳ǷǳģңʵսҲǲģôеϧ
ҶЦǰ֪ѧԺǣ֪ѧԺƺֹѧԱ֮򶷣𣿡
㻹ѧԺѧԱѧʦ¡
ҶֱѧʦѧԺѧһССͼݹԱ򲻹ǳΪѧԺѧʲôֵýģ˵ʲô壿
ѧʦ΢΢һ֮̾ǰ֮Բ־ԱǹŵӣԭѧԺѧһССͼݹԱ򲻹Ҫã
飬ҲѧԺ飬顣
ھ˭˭һ㶼ںܶʱ򣬺ȥ˭˭ֻȥ˭ȭͷȻ˿̣ҶȭͷȽϴ
ѧʦһҶȻ΢΢ҡͷףˣ
˵꣬ѧʦתʧʡ
ѧʦѧԺڣȥζѧԺڹˡ
˿ԶʯҶȻûˡ
ȻûãһӾͳͼ⣬Ӹһ֣һǹŵңң
ӿһǹŵӣȻתͷһԵҶҶûйӣСԴȥС棬òã
㿴һԶӣȻСģ
ҶЦһģ˵꣬͵˺С
ҶȻߵӵǰֱҶˣ
ҶЦˣ
ͻȻǰһֻƣȻһɲǼ䣬ҶΧĿռֱӱһУҶ֮УҪɱ˿̵ҶҲо·ǧƥڷ
ˣ
ʱʮɽͻȻҶڼ⼸ʮɽֵһ̣ΧǸֱӱĽиƬת˲ü䴦һ㺮â֡
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ӴһҶеСͣ
䣬ָҶվһ㡣
䣡
˲Ŀ֮УҶֱӵɶײͼݵǽϡ
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ȥ
ʱҶͻȻڳһ̣еǱֱӻһ⳯Զӵȥǽ̺֮ǿֱõΧ˲ϳˡ
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䣡
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˽һ
ʱʧ
ӼһĻҲɫһ䣬ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
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˵Ŀ֮Уֱ˴˳ȥһɣֱӷɳСɽ塣ɽ֮׹£УǰǱͻȻһڹɻҶС
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Уž
˶ҶںҶݣǰλǺηʥ
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ŮֱҶʱ
Ҷ˵ͷȻŰŮӵɫƬǰǺɫữһ£ܿ죬һ͸ԿǰŮӵǰ
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ڣû뵽ȻһְѧԱ
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ȻЩʣΪְѧԱȻͼݵĹԱְ࣡
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Ҷ룬Ȼְ࣬ѧԺѧҲԼ룿
Ůָһ㣬һźɫƬҶǰƼţȥѧԺ߷֮һ̰ǷĪϣͨˣͿԳΪְѧԺˡףˣ
˵꣬תʧԭء
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Ҷ룬ȻǿƬȻѧԺȻ
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Ҷվֱǰߣʥˣ˲𣿡
ʥˣ
˴󾪣׷׿ߣû뵽ǰλȻʥˣ


2055 ͻ䣡
ʥˣ
ǿߣؼ˵һˡȻЩ֮⡣ǣ棬һƬǧ棬²ᳬ˫֣ңЩ棬ûгֵġ
˵Уʥ˾ǿߣ
ʥˣҲʸ񱻹ԡǿߡƺš
ҶҲû뵽һССѧʥ˳档ôں
ʥˣ򲻹ⲻûдĹǴ򲻹Ȳ˵ڴ֮ǰˡ
Ҷǰ߿ҶãǱҵģǵҵģ
Է
ҶһߣȻҪ𣿡
ߵ˵ͷȻҪģ˵˵ʦҲʶأ
ҶЦʦûУʶһҹļһ֪ϲʶ
ҹ
֣˫΢˵ô˵ţ˵޼ɵԭôһ񡣡
ҶҡҡͷǰɱңΪҹǰ˵־ңֻΪұţǰӦǲҵģ԰ɣ
۾ţڣ˸
ҶЦЦȻҹŻƤõġЩϧǣʥһսˡڵȷʵʥһս뿴ԼЩʥ֮Ĳ࣡
϶еģǲ֪٣
һᣬͻȻ£ҹżҼˡ
˵꣬תȥû߶ãͣ˵ĳĳżõԴʯˣѧԺû´˾ɣ
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䣬ֱʧ˳С
УҶɫЩ˵Ǻ˸Ĺ
ʱ֮ǰǰŮ˳ŮӿһҶû˵ܿ죬˳ȥһʧҶС
ŮߺҶͻȻվһٵѧ֣£˭Ըæͼݣ
ԶЩ㶣ܿ죬һܵҶǰңԸ⣡
Ҷ˵ͷóĿƬݸӣæӹƬȻԼĿƬỮ˻ţֽƬݸҶҶӹƬֱһʧʾͷ

̰Ƿ塣
лᣬȻҪѧԺģҪ֪ʲôԴʯǷǳǳصġʷǰ˻õǿ鴫ʯ֪⣬ӦþԴʯֻʷǰڶԴʯĳƺһ
ǿԴʯİǷǳ޴ģҲΪǿԴʯİĽõ˸һ¥Ҳ֮ǰΪβʥ˵Ҫԭսһλʥˣ
Ϊ˿̵Ѿõ˴ˣĽڽҲõ˴
ѧԺ
ǰͼݷ飬ѾѧԺ˿֪Ҷ֡
Ȼⲻص㣬صְ˳ˣһҶְ࣡
ְ࣬ǿѧԺѧռĿ꣬ڣһССͼݹԱȻ룬õ˶ʱЩˬˡ
ˬ鲻ˬûҶ鷳Ͼְܱ룬Ȿ֤飬Ҷʵ
˿̣ҶѾ̰Ƿ塣
ҶɨһܣȻԶһɽֻ
ҶߵǴǰͻȻ˿Ҷûԥ˽ȥҶսһ߱ƾճǰ
Ҷһ۶ԷȻָһ㣬ǰŮӸĺɫƬǻߵǰǻ߿һǺɫƬȻüͷʱ΢΢
һᣬ߿Ҷְࣿ
Ҷ˵ͷ
׼𣿡ͻȻʡ
Ҷ΢΢һ׼ʲô
飡ߵһССĿ飡
Ҷʲô飿
΢ƣϾͻ֪ˣ
䣬һӣɲǼ䣬Ҷܵĳֱӿʼã׼ȷ˵ΧԽԽڣѾ·һڶ֮С
һƬ
˿̵ʲôҲʹۿҲʲô
ĺڣ
ҶɨһܣȻڵء
֮
˶ںڰ־壬رǶ۶޷κζľԵĺڣҶɲᣬİ֮Ȼڼõˣⲻûã
Ȼ鲢ûô򵥣Ǻڰ֮УͻȻ˽Ų
Ҷ͵תͷʱһֻצѾؿڴ
أ
Ҷ˲䵹˳ȥͬʱǰѪ
ҶһͣǽŲѾǰͬʱһֻצٴؿڴ
䣡
һεȻ֮ǰҪĶ࣬Ҷ˶ңǿֱõҶٴγź󷽷˳ȥ
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ҶһУʣĲӾԻԴҡ
ؼʱ̣Ҷ΢΢һ䣬һͬʱҽ͵һɵ棬һöڵһ̧̣Լϥǳǰһ
һ̣û֣һϥǵԽһͷƬȻһϥȴһϣһ˲䣬оԼֻŶˡͬʱ˸ֱӱԼ˳ȥ
շɳȥһǰֱָü䡣
ҶһĨɫ
𣡡
һͻȻڳת˲һõİɫҶһ̣Ҷ̧һֻצǰ͵ؾһġ
䣡
пռһһɿֲҹ֮͵ɢǿֱӽҶ˳ȥȻδظһǳ
ԼĽ
Ҷҽų͵һ壬ǿԼͣȻֳǰһգֱסǱȻסǽǽ̺֮ǿֱӽ˰ɿ⡣
һ̣ҶоԼѾˡ
Ҷ̧ͷȥʲôҲûпǣŲȴˡҶĨĨǵѪȻ󻺻վ̯ڣһͬʱ֮УҲһõĽ
˽һὣɱ
ˣ
ҹ֮УһĽȻת˲һҹ֮һ֮·ҹиޱȡ
ľͷһֻצͻȻ˳
䣡
ɽѣҹ֮еĿռҲ·Ҫһ㣡
УҶ˫ŽҪٴγ֣ʱгһãҶԴһѣΣܿ죬ص˴֮Сǰǻߡ
߿ҶãȻ£һ£ͨ˵Ŀ顣
Ҷڶأ
ߵڶǣ㲻ְְܼܼ࣬࣬뿪۳ǣֻҪһӵʱ䣬һڣû뿪ѧԺ㽫ᱻѧԺΪˡ
ԣҶ˫΢


2056 ٻرң
Ϊʲô
Ҷֱӻߣǲ⡣
û˵ָһ㣬һѪɫƳҶǰ
Ѫɫ棬д֣Ҷ
ʲôҶʡ
ʥͨ
ߵڴǧ棬һˣʥˣˣĴѧԺ֮һĳԱʥˣЩʥˣԸ塣һˣĿΪ˿ĴҵЩ档
ΪͨңҶʡ
΢΢ҡͷͲˡڵ㣬ֻʣ뿪ѧԺˣ
ҶѧԺʥˣ
£
ߵѧԺȻǣҲ֪ʲôҪһ㣬㲢ѧԺѧѧԺѧĴͨ㣬ֻҪѧԺѧԺᱣƽϧ㲢ѧԺѧ㣬ûʥΪеļֵ˵ֱףɣ
ҶЦЦȻ⣬Ǻ顣˵ţ˱ȭȻǣ
˵꣬Ҳīתߡ
ҶߺһͻȻڳ𣬡Ӳ
΢΢ͷϵУ̫ˡѧԺʱȥ
Ĭˡ

뿪̰ǷҶ̧ͷһʣãͻȻһĨЦݣʥˣ
䣬ֱӻһʧʡ
ճ۳ǣҶǰĿռͲ˲ţһд˳ٻرң
ҹ
ҶüͷȻҹ϶Ҳʲô飬ΪԷ֮дһ˿
رң
ĬãҶҪ뿪ʱһŮͻȻҶԶŮУһɫɡŮӣƼŸְŮӡ
㣿ҶһĨ졣
Ůӵʥͨ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷֻ֪ǣô֪
Ůӵְյͨ
Ҷ˫΢УôְҪɱң
Ůӵ˵ͷѾĶΪζԷıһöԴʯʵԴʯְ࣬ǶĶˡ
Ҷ룬Ȼ֪ʥΪҪͨ𣿡
Ůӵû´Ӧʷǰż
ʷǰżҶüͷ΢壬Ϊȥʷǰż
Ů΢΢ҡͷ֪ؽֹѧԺĴңԼЩյʷǰż֮С
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
ŮӵؽĴңһЩ˽ȥǽǣˡлһλʥˡ˳һλ棬һλ档ڣһ˳ˣ˾㣡
˵⣬һҶȻӦʷǰˣ𣿡
Ҷûµ˵ͷҲûãΪЩ˶Ѿ³ˡ
Ҷ㣬ǰŮŰɡֽ˽ɫȴǳƽ˵ʲô
ҶŮӣܸȤ
Ůӵ˵ͷ˶Ȥ
ҶЦǷ治ǽȥ𣿡
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һʼŮӸƼʱе㻳ˡ
ϣûѵ͡ԷʶûֱӸƼţʲôʵʱ¶ʵȻеǿҲŹĿ࿴
ֻû뵽ͨˡ
Ů˫ۻ㲻һˣʵҲһ㣬Ҳơż֮еõĶõһЩ˵Σ
ҶЦҲأ
Ů۾һ̣еǱɡͻȻʧת˲ǱɡҶͷɲǼ䣬ɡмֻǶ̶һ˲Ҷ˾ֱӱЩû
ʱһ׹ͻȻЩ֮гת˲һõİɫҶõľЩ⾡ֵ
ԶǰŮޱ飬һɲǼ䣬ҶͷǱɡ֮ͻȻһɫ׵磬ɫ׵˲ǺҶõľ֮ϡ
䣡
һͻȻڳ𣬶Ҷֱӳɣ˿̣Ҷ׵ơ
飡
Ҷ˿̵ĸоղǵ׵磬õȫһ˲䶼ʧȥ֪æתڶˡ
ְѧ
ҶһδԼһ޵еģ֣ǣûж֡ǰλµİŮӣԷʵһ㶼

ʱҶͷһ׵һǵɫ׵һ߳ҶȥһΣҶȥǿ׵ˡ
Ҷ̯֮УһȻ֣ת˲ʼתһ̣ͻȻһ
У׵硣
䣡
ͻȻһըţ׹ʽ俪ʱҶһУһУһţʧԭأٴγʱѾǰŮӵǰ
ҶеĽƽֱ̳ܼ򵥵һ̡
Ҷóľǽⲫ
ʱһɡŮӵǰҶĽմŮӵɡϣҶɫǲȻһ䣬ת˲ֱӱ˳ȥ
ͣҶ˿Լ֣˿̣ѾȫѪղţһоųɷԼˡ
Ҷ̧ͷԶİŮӣ׼ȷ˵ǿǰŮеİɡ
ֻɡ
ʱǰŮͻȻһλù棬һž׵ֻ֣֮дڣʥκҲá
˵⣬仺Ҷȥһλᣬ㲻ϧڵģұ֤
ҶЦЦ𣿡
䣬ǰ̤һһ̤һص˳С

һ̣ǰŮͣ
ʱҶ˫֮ͻȻˣ֮Уһõľ޽

ԶǰŮӼһĻ˫΢Ǳɡʼ˵ʲô
ʱҶ΢ƣ
£ҶͻȻʧԭءУʡƷγǰŮӵȥ
ǰŮӳ΢΢һһ̣еİɡͻȻתɲǼ䣬һ׵мֻһ˲бǱһߵɫ׵ס
ʱ


2057 Եɣ

׵һʼٶȺܿ죬ڴЩɫ׵ʱĽȻˣǣǽǰ
ڣ׵磬ǰŮӵǰʱŮеǱɡͻȻǰһһֱӶҶϡ
أ
ɡһ
ʱ·ڴ˿̶
һ̡
ͣ
ͻȻǱɡȻһ
䣡
ǱɡȻըѿǣըѿһ˲ɫ׵籩һ㽫Ҷû

ǿգɫ׵Сһǿ֮εЩ׵һϸСĽ⡣˴һӣнָ
˿̣ҶǰŮӶڡ
ҶЩǱȫ·Ѿڣȫ£ʱ׵˸ÿһ׵˸õҶһ鴤Ҷ棬ǰŮӵǰ
һһף
Ůӿ˿ԼǰȻ̧ͷԶҶһЩ͹ˡ
ԶҶ˫ۻ˿̵弫ΪĲЩ׵Ȼûķǣ׵õȫʧȥ֪к޸Ѿǳһʬˡ
ӲģʱǰŮͻȻֿˡ
Ҷ۾һǰŮӣһУǲŮǰʱɻصСҶתߡ
Ҷ󣬰Ů彥
ڰŮҪҪʧʱһͻȻ˰Ůӵǰһ̣ס˰Ůӣ£ǰŮõٶ˲
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Ů΢΢ͷˣ
ʱֵʣµ飬Իȥ
˵꣬ŽǰŮӻص۳С

ããǿ֮УҶС
رң
ԼڵĴڵȻһ޴СЩҪɱˣԲΪż߳Եʡ
ѧԺͿԿѧԺ϶ǲʲôʥ˵ģԷߣһ㣬еʾʥˡԷȻʥˣȻͲʾԣضбʲôԭġ
Ȼرҵҹʸ
Ҷӿٶȣڵٶȣһʱǻص˱硣
Ȼʱȴ
һӣУһ޽Ҷûӣ
ǣҶʡ
ӵػߣ
ػߣ
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ӵûΪΣǲܽ롣
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ȥʱֿˡ
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ʱһͻȻڳҶתͷȥһ
ߣɽԬϡ
ԬϿһӣ߶Ԭϱ˱ȭȻתȥ
̫ףҶ
ԬϵȻǲ׵ģЩеĶѽУһӡ
ӣҶüͷ
ԬϵΪҴˣһ㣬ѵû֪㲻Ҳ̫ŧЩ
ΪǵҴˣҶʡ
ԬҡҡͷȻǣҴ˶ȥˣΪβǣ㣿ΪǾãҶϡǾãӦþϣ


һ̣ҶȻʡԭԭ
ʱԬֵ֮ǰЩĴвûж֣Ϊλ滹ڣѡˣڣȻû˻֣Щ治֣ϾּҪһЩصģǲأֻܾˡ
ΪֳˣҶ
ǳ𣿡
ԬϷʣǳˣڻܻţ
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ʱԬֵʹڣǱҲûж֣Ǳ𲻶֣˲ܶ֡ңЩ˰ɱˣܶʱεġ
˵⣬Ҷ϶룬ǲǿȥң
ҶԬϣԬϵñȥˡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
Ԭϵ㵱ǧʱĴңһЩδ֣Ϊ滹ڣڣˡ
ڣ
Ҷüͷˣ
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Ԭûּǿߣô䡣֪濪ʼչˡӦҲ֪٣ԿʼһЩ׼ˣ
չأ
Ҷüͷĸˡ
Ԭϼչ֮ȥңܻ᲻ܴϾûǰԳĵӡңΪرȥңȶֵ˾ǵҡЩһҲʡ͵ĵƣ
ҶԬϱ˱ȭȻлԬϽ󡣡
ԬϵңҲˡҹС˲²㻹øлһ·ϻȫڰ㵲Щʥˡ
ҶһǱڣȻЦ
Ԭϵ粻㣬ΪǲУȻλʱǲðˡȻҪǣǵҵˣһ£ôֳֺõ飿
ҶЦΣлԬϽҵˡ֮ǰСӶһ䣬ԬΪ֪ô飿
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Ԭϲ˵ҶҲʶȤûڶʣ˵ǰ߶ûжˡ
Ԭ϶ûж⣬ֱ
Ҷջ̧ͷ磬ԼǰˣǴʯ׼ҹҶһαˣδδˡ
ڡ
Ҷһǿ龧Ө͸ʯͷУʯͷݵԬϵǰȻԬϣ뽫ｻҹ˵ңҲֱңҲûʸֻҶǿ
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
׼ȥδԬͻȻʡ
Ҷͣ½ŲȻЦش󣬺δǼңҪҶҶҪ


2058 ֱսɣ
ڣԬϾվţĿ⿴ԶҶȥĵط
ãһӳԬϵԡ
ҹ
Ԭһӣǰǿ鴫ʯҹǰ𣬳˶ˣ
ҹǰĴʯĬ
Ԭתȥ
ԭأҹĬãȻеĴʯңû˼
˵꣬תʧ˳С

һƶУҶվһ֮ϣɨһܣڵȥδӣȻǲܻȥʫǵģڵһŻ˭˭
ڵҪԼʵ
Ȼ֮ǰҪһ¡
Ҷʧƶ֮С
ʷǰż
ҶһʷǰżҲǵżǰ˿̣һʲôҲûС
ҶɨһܣʱһɫĹȦҶǰҶԥ£Ȼ˽ȥ
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ת˲ҶǼ߲ʴСǰԶײġ
ˣײ֮дһ
Ҷ˵ͷȻóһöɽ䣬ɾʯ֪ã
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ҶЩʧһǹײģȻĿʲô
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ҶΪβԼȥ
߶ҲͲô⸱ײˡ
࣬Ҷûж⣬Ҳûж⣬ǣȴǷ֣ǻҶ̫ӭڣֲ뿪Ҳ޷뿪ҪһҵĶǣȥкܶܶ鷳
ҶãȻʲôͣ˵ãкܶ࣬ҶڹɶģҲ̫ҪԼĽ֮·Ҫߣ
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Ҷҡҡͷܻܲ
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Ҷһ̯һѪҶ֮УҶıѪ飬ܰҸ𣿡
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ѪŮ飬Ҷôܻǣ½ʱȥǷҵķ棬˵Էа취ȻΪӵԵʣѾȥңȡ衣
ڱңʵѾʹҹҹĴǣΪҲҪȥ档Ϊ飬Ҫۣ
ѪŮĳֽǶ˵˵ġǣֲȫ˵ˡΪѪ黹ڣҲ˵иܣؼ䣬ˣֻ漶ǿߣ
ǣҹԣҪһۣ˼ƾʲôѪŮ
ԣûпǱ档ڣһԿڵˡ
ãǹײ֮дһҲұ֤һܹ
ԣҶɫʱһɣȻжٰգ
Ϊһ飬а˳ɰգֻһһҾֻɰգ
ҪЮ㣬ҪһָʵָԽ࣬վԽ󡣡
Ҷ˵ͷˣ
˵꣬Ҷתߡ
ʱһĴָСɫʯҶǰԪʯ
ʲôõģҶʡ
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˵꣬Ҷתʧ˴С
ڣ˳Ĭ
Ҷ뿪ؽؽֱʧˡԭأҶĬƬ̣ȻҪ뿪ʱͻȻתͷһˡ
˱޷Էò
СеʷǰԸӴԵǴĺܰͻȻ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻԵʲôĲ˵ǣ鷳ǲ٣в֪ʥ˵Ҫɱء
ģ
˵еõ͵øǺŲĵ
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˵ȻǣҪɱСѣֻҪǵʦ棬ſܱסСѡ
ԣҶ˫΢У֪һҵ棡
˵ⲻҪ˴ǰѡˡȻĲ̫һҲǿԡֻû뵽֮С
Ҷ˵ʲô˵ʲô
Ц֪ʷǰ˵ʷ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ֪
˵֪һЩСǺûǶһΪáԾڴˡ
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һͻȻ˳ţһӳҶǰӳһޣǣޱȡ

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ʱҶͻȻ˰֣ƨʲôľͱ˵ˡֱսɣ
䣬Ҷֱӻһʧԭء


2059 飡
ǽд޵ȻֹΪ
ɫ䣬΢΢һСȻ̯˿ţһɫСת˲ֽճ͵سǰһ̡
һ̣ǳֱӶҶǱĽ֮ϡ

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Сգգۣһ̣СצɫţȻԼţһģҵ˼
ʱĿСϣСʱ۾һʲôҿʲôǾҡ


2060 ˾֮ӣ
ӵ֮У˷ܡ
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Ҷ΢ƣֽУƴ


2061 £
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2062 ʥ֮
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2063 
ҹʧǿͻȻˣǳǳԶЩ򶼿ʼ
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˲֪ãһ̾ϢͻȻһƬǿ֮ת˲ЩĿռͻȻָ
ʱҹҲصԭءɫЩѿҹȻҪߺúܶࡣ
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Զҹ룬Ȼұңһ˶ұ
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ˣѡߣ

һƬǿ֮УҶͣԼȫµˣҶɫͳˮ

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СգգۣȻתͷɨһۣܿ죬Сᣬܿ죬۾һָָ档
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ʱͻȻһԾҶС׳˹ȥ
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С׵˵ͷȻɨһܣᣬ˺һᣬſͣɲǼ䣬ΧЩҽʱ
ʱҶͻȻ֣Χ¶ԽԽˡСȻϲ¶ȣǣ¶ȡ벻ϲ
ˣΧ¶ȲûܹӰ쵽
ܿ죬¶ԽԽߣʹЩʼˡ˿¶ȣ̼յһλǿߡ
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Сգգۣţٴſͣܿ죬ΧĻͻȻ
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С׿Ҷգգۣһֱ̣˺ڡ
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2064 С׵ʵ
һ̣Ҷ֪϶вõ鷢
ȻҶоԼΧռ¶ͻȻתƯһɭɫĻ档һ̣ŻͻȻըѿɲǼ䣬ֱӱһɭɫûҶҲûС
ʱһѪɫĻͻȻǻ֮г˳֮УҶ
˿̣ҶɫصġȻİǣɭɫĸоޱȵΣգڸղţһĻضҲữΪҽ
˵飬Ҷ飬鲻֮ǰˮ飬̫̫ˡֶҽ棬ԷʥҲöԷûа취
ʱһССɭɫٴγҶǰҶע£ŻͻȻһСŮ
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СգգۣȻתͷһǸڶһᣬСצ̧ȻԶǸڶһգɲǼ䣬Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮УǺڶͻȻʼת
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ʱһԵǻͻȻܲٿһͷųؼ䣬Ǽһ֮⣬κ鶼ơԶ˺ǣӦ˵ֻǣ
˵⣬ҶһԼıȻˣ
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ʱԶǺڶͻȻһ˲䣬һɿֲҶϯҶɫһ䣬ҪС׳ˣʱСͻȻҡҡСԴȻſС죬һ
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2065 ҶɱУ
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Сף
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ҶЦЦȻС׵СԴԭҼСô
ҶĿ佱С׶ʱһЦСԴ˲ҶԴ
ҶתͷԶǰ飬СҲſȥС׿ǰһ£æ˰ɵľ룬УǼɵ֮ɫ
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˿̣ȻǲҶܵġȻҶǾܲġ
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Ҷʩչ˽ǷһĨЦݣûмҶʵȻǣƽĶۣҶܹӵǿʵ֮лǷǳġ
Ҷ˫УɲǼ䣬ж˽һٱһٱֺ󣬳еĿռʱԶɫҲѾ
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ʱһҶϯɲǼ䣬Χֱӳ˽⣬Щ˲佫ڵĿռ串ǣʱԶͻȻ֣ȻųһգɲǼ䣬ڵЩռֱŤֱЩռȫŤ顣
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2066 
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ԣϵѡӡǣôӣ϶Ӳġˣ˸ղһڶԷע£ʹʷǰ˸Ԫʯ
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ʱҶֵڲһ¿ԽС᲻ʲô֢
£ǻġ㲻ͬǿ磬һ˵𻵸ǣǿԶԶڵľ磬˵㾳ȫϵģﵽպϣԣ⣬ҲС⣬պͺã
ԣҶˡǿʵ𻵸ԸҪСʧģ
Ҫֻܰ򣬵ǣ٣ͿԼ컯ˡ
£ҶǰľͻȻˡǰԶһߣ˫ֽӡǰΧռ䷺һ󲨶
Ȼڳ̾磬ңǳ
ҶЩʷǰ˵ͼ
ʱɫһ䣬ţΪȻܹܵߵһУߴ˿̵뷨ߴ˿̵״ܹĸܵԼ
һ̣Ҷʷǰ˵˼ˣ
ۣ
ʱͻȻһѪ߿ɬһЦЦ֮УЩΣЩҡ
ʧˣ
ҶĬ
ʱǰľٴαãǰԶһӡ˿̣һٲԷ˫ֱˮ붨
֮ǰǰ㣬ҶܹܵԷһУԷ˿̵ľ
ӵľ֮ǰҪƽĶࡣ
˲֪ãͻȻһĨЦݣԭˡ
䡣
䣡
һɿֲͻȻϯһ̣ǹֻصڡ

ǰӳɹˣ
ԶҶͷ˼֪ʲô
ʱҶǰľٴαá
һһ߳Ҷǰһ⣬Щ߶ڳ
ʷǰ˸İЩǿߵḶ̣́˵ȻǷǳġףҲ൱һֽݾָٵĽݾ
ܲͻƣǵÿԼ
ңҪһǣҪԼıģܱЩ˵ľӰ졣ΨбסԼıģϣͻԼȻ˵ͻƣǿܻħԼһ겻
ʷǰ֮ԸöôҪԭΪǽޡ
ĶֲסҲͲˣ
ʱһһȥ
ҶԼ֪ȥ˶ãǰֵߣһһԼˡʱ䣬ʧܣҲ˳ɹ
ЩˣֻһͿԳɹˡǣƫƫһѵġ
ſţҶ˫ۻ
˫ۻͻȻָ˿̣ѾǴС
ɮ붨
һһ죡


2067 ۣ

νġеѧģܶˣܴһӶһ㣬ˣܲˡ
ⶫܶʱ򽲾һԵ
Ȼʷǰ˵İǣߵһȫҶԼ
Уһһȥ
ҶԣСף˿̣ͳ䵱ŻĽɫҶļϣ۾ת֪ʲô
ǻ黹ˮԼ鲻ʱСףСһֹֹģ֪ʲô
һԵǰԶԶԱ߿ţûй
ΪС׳֣õС׶ΪĲѺãһС׾ͻСȭͷõǰֻԶԶĴһԡ
С׵ԸҶЩƣ˵ʱ򣬷ǳǳ˵˵ʱҲǷǳƢġΪȻҪеСƢģ
ѡ𣿡
ʱǹײ֮ͻȻһ
С׿ǹײģһ˸ǹײ棬ȻСצǹײģ˼ڸ˵
Ϊʲôѡأ
ֵԴѡˣӦƷ𣿡
СգգۣȻָָһԵҶţǳĻСצ˼ǣһˣһˡ
ãֵҲǣ˶ÿ˵Ķ嶼һҺߣǺˣҲߣǻˡóܺã
ײϣССԴ͵㡣
˵Ҷõˡʵֻ˵ڰʱҶȻ־ǣҶͳΪȫ

ʱͻȻһ
С׻һ飬͵תͷҶ˿̣Ҷ˫ۣҶ˫ۣСһӷɵҶļϣȻСԴ˲Ҷա
ҶЦĨС׵СԴľһƬƽ͡
ָоĺܺã
𣡡ʱǹײ֮дһ
Ҷǹײģһ̣һͻȻϯת˲ƾʧӰˡ
С۷壡
ڵҲͰ벽֮ң
ϲʱͻȻ
Ҷǹײı˱ȭлǶԷҪС۷壬֪Ҫʱ䡣飬üš
ƺڱ׷ɱʱͻȻ
Ҷ˵ͷǣ
Ĭһᣬܿ죬һƬɫҶҶǰ
ҶĿǹײģҶϵһƬҶӣǸڶҶӣܹϢһЩʦڶʱ޷λáȻ֮޾ԣԼҪСģ
ҶûоܾƬҶӣȻЦǰ飬ҿǷˣ
£Ժҿ϶Ҳæĵطʱϣܾ
ҶЦΧ֮ڣزܾΧ֮⣬Ҳᾡȥ
˵⣬һܣȻǰҪȥѰȸˣ
أ
Ҷ˵ͷȻСתȥС׶֣ȻתҶļϡ
ҶСߺ󣬳ǻͻȻΪβ
ȻָСס
ʷǰ˵ԣǻԼѡԼҪˣǿû壬ͬǣҲǿǣҪ뿪һǿ󡣡
ʷǰǸʱǷǳǳģǸǲˡҲǵʷǰΪҪҶҪԭΪҶϣһֻ
ǲȻҶ츳ںãܽ

뿪ҶתȻǴע³ʧ
ԭأҶĬãȻתȥ

뿪ʷǰżҶ塣ҶԼʱǰȫģˣȥʫŮò
Ҷϵ˪ûã˪ǳǰ
þò˪Ц
Ҷ˵ͷΣûǰɣ
˪΢΢ҡͷǺΣҲܵ͵Ҳû֪ҶŮԣûǣ
Ҷ˵ͷͺã
ĵľʫŮȻˡ
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˪룬Ȼãȥ顣߰ɣȥЩŮˡ
˪Ĵ£Ҷһɽ֮Уɽ֮Уһǣǲô󣬵ȴΪΣɽΧ󷨡
һߴͷɹʥ˼ǿ⣬ܲǡ
˪Ѿҵ˶ǵˡŪһ֯רռ鱨ڣܹڵһʱհĶ̬֮ǰ㱻ʥ׷ɱȻ󱻱ǿȣҲʱ֪ļ֮һ
Ƕ֪Ҷ㵵Ŀ˪
Ȼ
˪Цǵߣ鲼塣Щ⣬Ϊԭܹʱ֪٣ǲ֪ΪΣٱˣʹǣҲ޷鵽㣡
ҶЦЦӦþҶԵʡ
ˣ
ʱ˪ͻȻ
Ҷͣ½ŲǳſڣվһɫȹŮӣŮδʫ
Ҷʫ΢΢һЦˣ
ҶߵʫԣȻסЦˣ
ʫ΢΢ͷ߰ɣȥѩǣ
ҶʫʧıӰһԵ˪ʼ磬Ȼ˿Լ󣬡ʮˡ
˵ţ̧ͷһʣϧ겻úѧȻָһʲôء
һ̣˪ѵһ˿ڣڵ겻ôôӿΡ
ļ죬ҶȫʫŮ˵ûʲôʫŮӿֵˡرѩڵѩѾˡջôС
ռСҲǸ˵ĲˣС׾һСҲܾСϿɵ˲࣬һѩһ
ԶˣС׼СһҶ鲻ԽһĨЦݡ
ԶǸöã
ͷֻһ
밲ҵһ򵥵飬رڵϵ鷳ɲ١
˪ҵҶ
ף
˪רǵܹǣܹǣһЩ޻ʿı
壿Ҷʡ
˪ҡҡͷǳǡǳһ׳ǣǰһ׳ǣó׻Уܹʶ԰ı
ǳǣ
Ҷ˵ͷڵȥˣ
飬ൢ顣
Ҫ𣿡ʱһͻȻű
Ҷȥѩ
ҶߵѩԣСԴҪѩģ԰ɣ
ѩ΢΢ͷĬ
ҶЩӣʱʫ˹һҶȻСģ
Ҷ˵ͷѩ֤Ժ᳣ѩ
˵꣬ҶͣһֱӻһʧС
ʱѩ͵̧ͷҶѾʧѩۡһֱӿ


2068 ǳǣ
ʱҶͻȻֳ˴С
Ҷѩһ˵ҶĻǿ޵ģҶĶˡ
ãѩͻȻ̧ͷҶڣѩһòãһ죡
Ҷֿ˿ѩϵ飬ЦȻã
Ҷٴεһ졣
һҶˡ
ȻЩᣬҶˡڣֵ֮ʱ
֮УҶԣ˪͵ˣ
Ҷ˪ôã϶ʲôҪ˵İɣ

˪ЦЦȻݸҶһöȭͷʯͷǴʯʲôҪֱӶ˵ͿˡУҵõϢҪжˣ
壿Ҷüͷ
˪΢΢ͷҷ壬һЩ֮ĹϵܾúܾǰһҶԣһЩԿǡһΣˡǣ岢ûܹڣѾˣӦѾע⵽ˣ
ʲôҶ
˪ҡҡͷʱ϶ʲô¡һ֣ضѪȷġ֮ԼСİɡ
Ҷ˵ͷ뵽ʲôֵɱ˾Ķӣעһ˾ǱߵĶ
˪ѾʱǱˡİɣûʱ㣡
ΪʲôҶ⡣
˪ЦڵҪЩΪ֪дҪˣԣڸ嶼ۣӣʮ죬ʥأĴңЩɲôģ
Ҷǣһӣ޶԰ɣ
˪˾ʮӣǸȻǣʮ֮Уֻǰʮˣ˾ǻʮŮģǹɫ㣬ʱɱ˶Էû˼ҹ
ҶҡҡͷԼҲСģ£ҡ
˵꣬ҶͣתԶʣһһ˪ǰѾҶӰ
ԭأ˪ҶʧĵطãȻһƲ簡
˵꣬תʧ˲Զ

Ҷ˵ڵ֮ҵסڵʵõ˴ǣȻûаնԿʥˡ
ȻѾﵽǣʥ֮仹вģֻû֮ǰôˡ
Ȼв࣬ǣ֮ûˡ
ǳǡ
ҶҪȥĵطǳǣΪ˪õϢ׻ǳ
ҶУ˽ʱǳǡ
ǳǿ֮УĴ󣬾һǿվܣһɫĺ⣬ЩһȦȦȦǳǡ
մ
Щ⣬ܵ˼ΣյĸоǼУЩ⣬ˡ
ҶһЩɫȦȦȻһǳǵĳſڡ
ڳſڣһߣҶߵʵ
ҶߵǳǰʱͻȻ˫ۣһöɾʯ
ŷѣҶʡ
ߵ˵ͷκ˽ȥҪŷѣ粻ͬɵľͲͬ
ʥҪȥأҶʡ
ߵʥȻѵģӦòʥˣ԰ɣ
ҶЦЦָһһöɽߵǰ
߿һɽ䣬Ȼȥɣ
ҶҪȥͻȻֵһģ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ߵһҪ֪ڣܣ⣬Դܣǣƻʲôʮ⳥
Ҷߣֻܵ𣿡
߿һҶȻ񣡡
ҶһȻһܵģ
˵ֱ߽꣬ǳǡ
û˵٣һ㲻ܣֻɱˣ
Ҷ߿һҶȻ¿ǽϡ

ǳǺҶ֣ǳǱĻҪࡣǽֵаʲô
еҲͦ࣬˴ӳҲ˴ӳڳȥЩ֮У壬壬Ҳ塭֮ĶУ
һͥɰ壡
ҶɨһܣȻʧԭء
ȻҶǣȴҲҴ⣬Ҫ֪Ҷ֮леСģϳض鷳ˣҶŪ˼۴ϣϽҶ䣬ڵʫվǰϲ
ҶһΪɱ󡱵ǰףĵص㣬ҪȥͱȻʸ
ʸ
Ҷһ£ȻǴ˹ȥҪȥʱһŮͻȻǰŮӴԼʮͷ㣬ϴ紺ЦݣһøУ
λʲôҪɷҪҴͣŮЦ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻһ
֪ҪʲôŮЦ
ҶԽȥ̸𣿡
ŮæȻԣСµˣ룡˵ţһơ
ŮӽҶһ䷿䣬仹㣬뷿ŮæһˮȻһˮҲرá
֪ҪʲôʱŮͻȻ
Ҷһһ˫ȭ׳Ůӵǰ
˫ȭףӶõģʥ˽ף֮ǰһֱûãΪ˵˫ȭԵЩˡ˫צȭ׿ֲ̫̫ˡ
˫ȭʱǽСµŮӶʱסˡܿ죬æҶһ񣬡ˣԵȣȥ
˵꣬æת˳ȥ
һᣬһ˽С¡ǿһҶǰ˫ȭףȻҶҶ˱ȭһ£ϡҪ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ԣǷһĨЦݣ֪ҪȡʯҪﻻ
ǻɾʯܻ٣Ҷ
˼ȻʮöɾʯңҲܹࡣ
ʮ
ҶЩȣʮɾʯѾǳǳˡȻСףǣҪСʮɾʯûȻǲܵģңҪСײ͵͵Ҫ꣬ã
ΪҶ⣬æ£ȭףǺöϧǣǸõģҲ֪޽١һıǹ֮ģٿʮҲǲܣ
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Ȼ
ЦʵѾ³ˣԷʱȻΪ˸ᣬϾ죬޿Ĵ
ʱҶֵ˵ҪҪʲô
ף
ЦЦȻһСһۣ߻⣬æ˳ȥһᣬСٴ˽СߵҶǰĵһɫƬ
ЦǵĻԱ⿨¿ʱμǵᡣ
Ҷ˵ͷǿƬȻ
˵꣬תȥߵǰʱͻȻͣȻСŮ޲Ϊǫ飬ִ磬Сףˣ
˵ֱ꣬˳ȥ
ڣС彩סˡ
ʱϿһС£Ȼĸ£
ϵĻС㶣Ȼæһ񣬡л࣡ͬʱĵлǰԣ
ǰȻָҶ


2069 ף
Ҷ뿪̻ᣬ֮ǰǰĻ˵ֻһʱһ˵Լ֪ܲԼһ˵ȴǸıһ˵ˡ
뿪̻Ҷһ˵ĵطȻ˺С

ȻѾﵽǣٻЩ׳ɷֵģˣҪʱԼľ硣

һڿʵõ˴ȵڵʥ£Ȼ˭Ҳġǣڵĵˣʥ˵ģ
ˣ
һ·Ҷ֣ɽһɽ֮󣬲Ż֣ᷢԭԶһԼ¸ߵɽɽߵɽֻ֣֮ᷢиߵɽ
һ;ֹ
Щ棬Ҳ˵Լߵľͷ
ҶһҪǾС㡣ССһ뷨ܼ򵥣Ҫ档ȻûûεģҲҶϣġ
϶СȥʲôѹģңС׵˵κһˣǶܹûûΡһŲɣǾСҪǳȥЩ涼Ը
һλ˭Ҫ
ʱĺܿ죬һѾȥ
Ҷ뿪˺УһһӴŮӡ
ŮӿһҶȻеӣҪУҪʾʸ֤
ҶҪóɫƬʱһͻȻһ𣬡ǰ㣿
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Ҷ˵ͷС˽ȥСµĴ£ҶһİᣬȵʱǼ֪ٱ
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ʱСָǽϵһĻǰʱǽϿ㿴ǵĶֱӰߵǸɫť
˵⣬˶٣ȻֵǰҪסв麰ǽʱû㹻ʽлȡֶεġ
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С΢΢ͷǰǼҲɹ̻ȡٷ֮Ӷǹء
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䣬һУɲǼ䣬һгС˵Ŀ֮УЦŴУǺУһöȭͷİɫ飡
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ҶҲЩľʥ˽׵ڵǺöرǶڵ൱ڴǿߵޣܹʥ˽׵ڵ˵ܹһ¥
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ڣҶʵеĶڵ޲ðСǧɾʯϧʵС׻ġ
ʱöڵļǮѾӵʮɾʯˣңƣӼۻҪһᡣ
ʮ򣡡
ʱͻȻʮ򣬻Ҫߵ𣿡
ʮ򣡡
ʱһͳͻȻڳ
ԴһۣЦ˻ʮ򣬻˳ߵ𣿡
а
ʥ˽׵ڵȻ󣬵ǣʮɾʯҲ˰֣ҪһЩңһЩпõĳңó϶Ҳ˽ǵģ
Ҷò
ɨһܣȻЦʮһΣʮڶΣʮΡ
˵⣬˺ӣЦɽ
ʥ˽׵ڵˡ
һ̣ҶеˡҲֻ롣Ķһ㲻ȥǿ󣡶ңԷܹóɾʯ϶ʲôͨˣ
ʱԲ̨ϵЦȣлλǰμӱеᡣһҪ˵̻ڣκ˶ҪعǾǲܶ䡣ڳ̻ᣬǾͲǱ̻ˡ
ҶһȻԷҲ¡ҲﶼȫԺ˭˭
ˣһﶯ֣Ƕ̻ǻɼӵӰģ
ʱЦţȻλ̻ĹӦöģҾͲڶˡôҿǽڶ
䣬һУܿ죬һɫгС
ЦЦȻǺӣǺڣһڵʯͷгԴô
ɨһܣȻʥ˽ף̻ƣ콣쵶߱ʲôٿϣҲ˵൱ܹʥ˽׵
˵⣬˶٣ȻЦȻֻǹƣܲܳɣÿʦı¡ڣĵ׼ǶʮɾʯÿμӼ۲ɾʯʼ

ҶջĿ⣬ȻҲǺûǶ˵ûôǽޣϣѾĽˡǽףǶؼĽ
ȻҪҲ˵ǾۻײҪġ
ڱʲôĶֻܿţ
һӺǿʯͷʮļ۸ɽˡ
ʱֶһӣڣһ˫ȭף
һĻҶʱ˾Ķ
Բ̨ϣЦʥ˽׵ȭףȱޣʲôޣӵܹʵһΡϻ˵ӦöǶˡ׼ʮɾʯÿμӼ۲õɾʯ
ʮ򣡡
ʱһ·
ʮ򣡡
һ
ʮ򡭡
ÿһΣҶľͻһ£ǰôɾʯΪ㹻ãڣŷ֣ɾʯ̫ôˡңҲŷ֣Ҳģ
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
һӺ󣬼۸ʮͣ
ʮ
Ҷһƽ顣Ȼôһ㲻⣬Ҳˣ
λ
ʱ·ͻȻЦλȱݵĿɲҪˣ
֮УҶ˫΢С
˵Ҫľˣ


2070 Ӳ
ף
һΣҪĿġ
ʱԲ̨֮ϣһײģײĳʰɫǹײĵı棬кڹġ
ײĳʱҶʱоԼ꾹Ȼַǳĸо
Ҷ˶оˣ
Բ̨ϣЦλףɶĻɡ̻֪ף˽ſʥ˽׵Ļ죬ң棬лӡ˵ǻ޵õ屶㲻ǻޣڣҲܹõ
˵⣬ЦЦȻֵ书ЧԶԶֹˣдڣһ޶λ˵һвûˡΪܹ겨ңܹɼвһ仰ǵõ绢һʿõǻ޵Ŀǣ
ף
Ҷ˫ֻ⣬ڱصõġ
ʱԲ̨ϵͻȻЦΪʥ˶źܴãԣЩС󣬲λ˵ӦòԹļʮÿμӼ۲õڿʼ
˵꣬һУһУڲˮȻ΢ƣһĨݵЦݡ
ʮ򣡡
ʱһͻȻڳ
˶ԴȥҶİᡣ
Ҷޱ飬ʮ൱ȫƲ֮Եһۣϣϣ̫˲ѼǮ̧ߣ
Բ̨ϣһҶڵİᣬȻЦʮһΡ
δ䣬һڳ𣬡ʮ򣡡
΢ƣҪ˵ʱҶİͻȻһһ򣡡
һתͷҶİᡣ
ڣҶɫΪƽ·һġ
Ǯࣿ
ҶǮȷʵô࣬ǣҶࡣ⣬Ҫˡ
ͻȻ˭ĳ˶ڱصáԭЩ뷨˶ʱԼ뷨¿һ£ڣȻ
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ٴηһĨЦݡȻǣҲһļ۸һһʮѾ󳬳Ԥϡ
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2071 һɷǣ
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һҰ


2072 ƨ£
⡣
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С΢΢ҡͷҵѡ񣡡
ȻЩʧ䣬Ͼһǰ;ְҵǣûйҶΪҶһԣܹġҶ޶ԡ
ҶС¹츳ôãҿ츳ʵܲһطƼȥ֪ԸԸ⡣Ȼҿ㱣֤Ըȥ㣬ĲŻõչ֣
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ԶҶ㶣ȻЦԭǰҸйϵѽǴˮһ˰һ˰ղŵ飬ᣬᰡ


2073 ս죡
ֹȵ߿һҶȻָһһöɽҶǰ
ҶҪ˵ȴֱӴԵʧˡ
Ҷһɽ䣬һ̣ףģ
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ҶɨһܣҪ뿪ʱͻȻұ߲ԶһӼϣһ޸ǸͷٱӴֹ

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Ůӵ룬Ѫһأ


2074 ȹŮӣ
˲䰲
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ŮԵ˫΢Уޱȡ
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2076 Ժ
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2078 ޽磡
һô֪Լ
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ҶЦҲ룬ڲܴ棬òã
˵СԴȻͷҶ磬ԺұʲôҶסС׵ġ
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˪ЩһҪӵУҼܾлһ¥ܵ˵һᣬôԡңʵֻҪ㲻ȫ϶ûġ
ҶĬ
ʱ˪ֵȷʵһᣬȥˣܼһۣǺõģãһöһƬҶǷǳ׬ġֻҪСĵ㣬Ϊû´ڰĴңһЩǶѾõϢˣڸ޽ǿߣӦǻкܶġ
˵⣬˪˶٣ֵʵϣܵõģҲзǳĻġϾһСףСһﲻǺܺ𣿡
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ʵУҶʵ棿
˪е󣬵ǣþǲСģʹʵ棬ǣ϶ҲܹǳȻЩĶġԣô
Ҷҵõһô
˪϶⵽ǿߵ׷ɱСģģңҲŵλĲ㡣ڶԷܣ˵ĥ㣬Ǹʱ򻹲ܣҲûɶ˼ˣȥһ߷ң
ҶãȻóƬҶ
²⣬ҶӦþϵġһƬҶӣܹϢʥ˶ֲˡأ
˼ãҶãȥơƬҶҲУܿ
˪һСġһʱռ֮ϢȻõĸ㡣һ㣬ܻжСЩ壬ǿݷûأǣŹ˶ãǻðģ
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˪һ£Ҷ˴ʯȻһʧʡ
ȥ޽磡


2079 ʥ˽ף
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Ȼһڶڴﵽǿ߾ûʲôвǣ޾ĺڶʥҲ׽еġν޾ڶ޾
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ΪֵԵʣһʱ䶼飬Ӧ˵ֱӱˡ
壬ȻҪϾûκҪļ
ߣ԰˵ûʲôԼгһλҪˡĴܹ֮ݰ֮ϣҪԭΪĴ漶ǿߡûУЩ˵ʥȻȫġԣԼгһλĻǵڴǧĵλ˲Ρ
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ҶҡҡͷԭΪʥ˽׺ܶأ׼ȥڿȫˡ
ʱһԵͻȻҶԡһʮɾʯ
ԣҶʱסˡ


2080 ܴʮ
ʮɾʯ
ò˵˿̵Ҷȫˡܿ죬ˡ
һӣ
ŮӴʵһӣ
뵽⣬ҶŮӣʱŮɴŨŨЦ⡣
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ҾþأŮЦ
԰𣿡
ʱһԵͻȻ
ʱҶͻȻֿסӵĺ
죡
ޱȵĿ죡
ӻδӦֱӱҶס˺ҶһûԹͣҾͳԿ
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Ҷ΢ƣò˵лǷǳģǰôû뵽أţԺԡ
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ֻȭͷսӴһһǿֱӽ˳ȥһɣֱӽƹݵǽһ޶
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ʱһͻȻߵԣһ۵ϵǾͷʬȻֿҶԵŮӣգĿҶϣ֪һڵģɽɶЩ飬ҡ
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ҶͻȻĻһڶǣϽɾʯûУֱ˵ŤӾͿˡУڸҷϻ̾ŤӣǾҲңǾԣ
ҶãȻʱҪʱŪɾʯ
һӣ
ҶֱһϢУУûˡսҵģǶɱˡ
Ҷû˵ˡԵȥ
Ҷɿ֣ŮӸܣʱҶͻȻҿԱ֤λʥˣҶܹŲһ˲ɱ㣡Ҫ𣿡
ŮӿһҶԥ£ѡ˿̣ŮҲ侲ҶǴǧĴҵĵӣ
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Ҷɨһۣɽ֮Уպһɾʯ
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䣬ҶתһͻȻУţֱӻһڳһ
Ҷʧһ̣ҶǰɫȻ䣬˶ܵǿҵΣա˲˿Ĵ⣬ɿֲϯȻֱӳǵѹ˹ȥȻǵ׾ٵıǽǿ˺ѿţһüһ㺮⣬߸ҪˣѾ
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֪ԼԶԶ͹ǰӡ֮ǰ֮Բѡ֣ȻΪҶᣬôᣬǿǿȥ
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ȻʵˡǰһŸԳڣˡ

ʱһҽͻȻԶ̧ͷȥһ䡣
˫ֻ
ˣСߣ
ʱԶһǿͻȻ
仰Ҳû˿ҡתͷԵŮӣߣ
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ĻԶǿͣȻҶȴûͣ
һǿԴֱӷ˳ȥһ˶ʱңȻҶɱǿ֮תͷһ̣һ⡣ʱ䶨ֻ⣬Ҳ󿴵Ķ
ͣ
һǿüͻȻһѪ
գ
ҶתҸоһܴʮ


2081 ֤棡
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ʱԶҶͻȻʧԭء
֮ͫУһ㺮⡣
ǽ⣡
󿴵ľ
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ҶԭѾϢ˵ģϾõһɾʯȻû뵽ԷȴǲϢˡȻˣȻҪϾɱġ
ţҶƾʧԶɲñ˹ע
Ҷûֱ뿪ǣǼڳУ޴½һ֪ˣҪ˽޴½
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Щ漶ǿ߻ûУǣʥȴеġ
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ҶǳСģΪǰǼˣȫʥˣ
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УҶɫһݣ˵Ŷʥ⣬Ϊ
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ҶҡҡͷС׵츳ұ⣬ܹӦӦӦıҲǺõġ
ϧСһڽС
ҶûڰʱͻȻܵһϤϢתͷȥǲԶһһͱ뺷Ůշ
ͱ뺷ŮӣҶʱסˡ
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ΧЩҲСƶš
Сޱߴ󺣣Сɻƶš
УҶüͷ˿̣ѾоЩԾˡ
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ˣһɵƮܣ㣬һţо˶ָоݡ
˿̣е˻ѾȷǰǴ˵еˡ

ʱĪΧЩʥˡζǿڽһ
ʥ˵棬мȻֻһףǣһ֮ľ룬ܾľ롣ǧʷʥ˳ֹȻֹֻ
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Щʥ˵ҪƾԼһѣǳѡˣǽϣϡ
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Ͼķλɾǿʵġ
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ʱһͻȻ˿ĲԶ߶һ񣬡䱸ҵȽǰ˵أԸûа⣬Ҳ˶Ըж⡣
һᣬͻȻΧЩˮʧˡһĻһϲȻֵҵǰֻڸ򣬲֪¿ɷҵ᣿
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˻֪Щʥʵ֪ġ֮ҪԭһͬģȻһ޷֤ǣһȷǾǣ棬£
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ʥˣҪľֳµĳǣһأǸûͷЩȻĵõģ˼ô֤棿ң̣Ҳûõġܼ򵥵ĵ˻Եͬͺñȣߵ·Ҳߡ

ܹ²ܹЩ¡
ĵĻ𣬳ǰ䣬𡭡
֮Уһ˿󣬻һ˿ǫ
ǰβ
ҶȽƽ˵޷֤棡ҲΪˣǵģĪˡ
ҶһǿŲƣ˵϶⣬ϰʹȻ˵»һ·ȽϺá
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ǰľʣҶԥ£Ҫȥʱ


2082 Ծ
ʱҶڵСͻȻת
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ȻΣգǾԾдġ
Ҷˣ׼뿪СķΧ뵽ʲôͣ߿ȥǰߵλá˿̣ԵѾȥЩԥ
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Ҷȣ㣬ᣬ֪⣬Ҳ׷ġߣѾȥˣȥѣѾˡ
תͷһۣʮλʥʯ֮ϡ
Ҷȴǲ˷ʱ䣬ֱץסұ۴ʧʡܿ죬˰ߣλõƶ˿ȥԼԼС
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˵⣬˶٣ȻֵʵҲӣΪ֮Ĺϵ͸ӡһЩϣǻѡһ¶⡣ԴĴʱ㡭
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ЦѣҪ֪Ĵҿɶ漶ǿߡҲһ㷴ûáңĴҲԸһң廹ЩʤġĴϣϧһд۵ĻҲĴƴܾˡ
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ҶЦʣ㲻ȥܲɣһûô
룬ҲǣҶȻޱȣǣҪ˵ܹԿʥˣǾԲŵġҶﵽʥߣҲԶԿʥ˵ġ
ʱͻȻ㿴
Ҷתͷȥǿλã˿̣ǿ׵㣡
ô£Ҷü
϶ʲô£ǿһ㿴
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷã
С໹ʱͣ˿̣ѾܹСϵЩʥˣĺ˿̣Щʥľ֮ϣһɮ붨һ㣬һҲ
㿴
ʱͻȻָһλʥˡ
Ҷ˳ŰָȥʥʱҶɫʱߵͷԭǺɫȻ˿̣ߵͷȻۿɼٶȱףˣߵϣҲ࣬ʥѾƣͷѩף˲Ĳһˣ
ǣ黹δ
Ҷ˾Ŀ֮Уʥ˵ͷȻڵһһѵĵ֮⣬ʥ˵ƤҲԽԽɿݣǱɹɵƤһ㡣
ô£Ҷüͷ塣
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һӺҶ˷֣ľ֮ϵЩʥ˶ʼڱ仯һλʥǰ㣬ͷѩףƱ࣬Ȼͷʼ䡭
ھʲôҶԣ˪ʡ
ҶҡҡͷڵҲ㲻״Щʥ˿϶ڷʲô仯ֻǲ֪仯Ǻûǻ
ʱһһȥ
һʱһλʥͻȻ۾˿̣λʥ˵۾֮зǳĻǣۻ軨һ㣬ҴãȻԼǰǿЩ͵Ķ϶ҡԭ
£Ҷ밢Ŀ֮Уʥ徹Ȼϸɳɢڵء
ûˡ
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Ҷ밢һۣнǴž֮ɫΪ˺ȷλʥ˲ʧֱˡ
ʲôλʥ˾ôֱˣ
ȻֻǿʼһһʥʼλʥǰʧЩľϡ
һӺ󣬻ľ֮ϵʥˣֻλˣ
ʮλʥˣȫϢˣ
Ҷǿƽûʲô֮

Ҷͷ
㿴ʱͻȻֵ
ҶȥԶһλʥ䡣
ʧ
ôֱӴľʧˡ
йŹ֣ʱЩʥ˵ǾԶǼʯģʲôܹǾôϢ䡣
Ҷ˵ͷܹﵽʥˣǿ϶Ǿ۵ģħʲôģп϶ҲˡȻˣʲôЩʥ˽ģ
ľʣ֪𰸣ҶɲԲУȥ
Զʣλʥˣ
ʱһһȥڣһʱһλʥ۾˿̣λʥѾϵݡǰǿȻ֣Ȼȴķ֣ԼȻֵ̧ûˡ
һûˣ
һ̣λʥ˽ԼĿǰ״ãǿɬһЦȻתͷҶ밢λã촽˶˵ʲô
Ȼ̧ûˡûзŬҪ˵ʲô
ʱ˫ͻȻԲܿ죬֮ǰЩʥһ㣬ͻȻʧˡ
ˣ
˵ʲôҶԣʡ
ҶҡҡͷȻ˫ۻ˵ǣƺʲô˵˵ʲô
һ̣ޱȵĳء
һᣬ˿ԶһλʥˡʱλʥͻȻ˫ۣ۵һ̣Ҷ밢֣ʥͻȻͼϻͯһ㣬ѩ׵ͷҲɫϵҲûˡ

һЦͻȻڳ𡣽ţһλʥͻȻͬʱһǿϢϯΪ֮𶯣
ԭˣ
λʥ˵һ䣬ȻͻȻתͷһҶдһ˿Īζһʧʾͷ
ԭأҶüͷ塣
Ծ


2083 ս
ﲻԾ
ҶҲ˵ǾòԾǳĲԾ
֮ԸоԾҪԭλʥߵ̬ȡһλʥߣҪ˵ʲôǣԷ˵ûˡ
ڶλǸղߵλʥˣ
Էƺʶ
ȳҶԣ
Ҷ˵ͷһԶǿȻ밢ʧƶ֮С
Ҷ밢ߺԶǿɴڡ
ôĴڵȴʲô
ߡ
Ҷ밢ϯض˳Ĭ֮ǰ¡
ãͻȻԺʲô㣿
ңҶתͷ
΢΢ͷڵ㣬ƺ˵ҵĵͳ֮ڶ̬ģʥ㡭˵⣬˶٣ȻֵҲ²⣬ʥ֪еҵ»ҶԸ㣬Ǳļҿվ󡣱ңңңұضһǳģ
ҵĿ󣡡
ҶҸЩڣڱһңҾͲˡ
ȥ֮һ飡
Ҳ飿Ҷô飿˵ģ㣬κҵˡ
ڰǷ𾴵ġԣһ㣬ĸԸġҲΪˣŲðκ顣
ĿһҶҲ̫СˡȻʥ˿⣬ǣһ»ġ
Ҷ˵ʲôȴǴ֪ң̫ˡֻǵһ£ûġңҲұ֤һܹ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷ㿴Űɣ֮ΣգͱκϽףС㣬ӦҲҵȽϸӡ
ȻЦ
Ҷ˵ʲôʱͻȻó˴ʯʯڣ˪
ãҶ밢˵ɫǳ
˪Ϣǣλʥ˻ص˴ǧ棬Ȼλʥʵǣ˵λʥ˻ȥһλ۵λʥˣǴ޽ȥġ
һʱ䣬ǧˡ
޽
˵ǧ˶϶뷨رЩʥˣǧ֮УԭЩչصʥ˷׷׳ˡһһʥ˳޽ЩʥˣһЩͨҲˡȻЩ˵ĿĲЩ֪֮еġܹġ
Ȼˣ˳޽Щ˵Ŀĺܼ򵥣඼뿴˵е
Щʥ˵ĿľͲԶˡ
֤棡
Ȼʥ䣬⻹ǵס֤ľġ
˵ǵһᣬʹΣգҲԸᡣΪһɹǽΪؼǿǼˣʱǣȫͬԣ»ĶҪá
Щʥ˵ֵһƴ
޽ԽԽࡣ
ߡ
һһŮͻȻҶ밢Զλã
ʥˣ
ˣɫʱΪʥˡ
ҶĿȴԵŮϣŮھƹթŮӡȻԷǰȱˡ
ߴһҶĴһҵģ
Ҷõģûк̨Ҫֱ֣
ʥˣҶη壡
Ȼûսʤʥˣǣȴʥһս뷨ǳ룡
߿ҶãȻǾҿǧ˺̶ֳȡ
䣬һֱʧԭء
Ҷ̧ͷʣһ̣һ
УֻʣŮ밢
һŮӣȻʲô
ɱףŮֱӰ
ɱף
ȻһƢЩ꣬ǣҶ˽⣬Ե޹ʵɱˣ˵϶ôˡ
Ů俴һ۰Ҫ𣿷Ѿ

Цһѽ̫ᡣڴǧ棬ͻףҶζʲô
ζʲô
ζŲǡ
ǧ棬ĴʥˣĸǸȥҶ峤ѾҶ֮֡⣬˾Ҷûɱ֮
Ȼ˾ȴҲûȥҶ鷳
˵ʥ֮⣬ûκһȥҶ
˵ų̂ɣеңбһЩ߰ˣҪǣʥ˳˺üλʥˣǣҶɻš
ڰ忴ҶһС
Ȼ˵һ㣬ڰУҶǷӣӣһ㶼ǲãһǣᷢ˷ƴʱڣûκһԸȥôһӾ
սʤʥ˲ɣŮǴһ˿
Ҳ֪ܲսʤʥˣ֪ʥңһɲظĹ϶򣬴򲻹϶ܣȻûܣȻʤĻᡣ
ǾĿԴɣŮ
˵ͷĿԴɣ
ս
Ҷ߸ԣ֮ľ룬ɡ
ûκηϻͻȻ̧ȻҶһѹ
һѹһ㣡
ʥ֮Ǳ֮Ҫֲġ
˿̣ʥȻֻ̽Ϊһǿ߶˵һССѹöԷҷˡ
ԶҶֳǰһ̽һУһ̣˫Žǰ͵ؾһ
ͣ
һԽ⼤һն£ʥͷųǹֱӱնޡ
һĻ˫΢УȻӣ
£ǰ̤һһ̤ԶҶĿռֱӱ飬ҶһƬڵĿռڶ֮Уһ̣ǸڶͻȻתһ˲Ҷоƥ壬Ҫ˺ѷ飡
䣡
һǿҶϯţһͷõİɫҶ
壡
Ҷ֪ʥ˽֣Ļֵסʥ˵Ҳֻܸ֧Կʥˣ
ҶȻԶüͷ΢壬ҶǿʵǳԤϡͲӦе
ջ˼߻ҶȥҲǴǧĴһңȻɱҵˣôҪۡ
䣬ֱʧԭءͬʱһǿѹͻȻս֮С
Ȼˡ
ԶҶһȻ˫ۻţеĽͻȻʧˡ
ȡ֮һɫ컭ꪡ
ս죡
ս죬Ҷ۾Զߣսɣ


2084 ʥۣ
ս죡
սһ̣Ҷܵ޾
ս죡
һ̣ЩŰ˼ˡ
˿̣ԶʥͷųǿѹѾҶǰҶֽս죬ҽԭһʮһתͬʱеս͵һɨ
䣡
һͷųǹֱʧӰ١ʱһâͻȻһ̣âֱ֮еǰ
â֮УֳսҶ
û΢΢һȻǰһĳһĳսΪ֮һ
ʱҶеǱսҲһ¡
䣡
߸һӴսֱӱ
ս֮£ǰԶŮɫѿսʮϢͽ˵ġȻڣѾȥʱ
սĴõףǽҶĻҪǿ
Էսսʥ˵
Ů˫ۻԼǵʲôˣ
սڡ
սڳֻҶλʥڵĿռڶ֮սսҶʵ˲䲻֪˶ٱսԣˣʹʥҲӲĹҲΪˣһʱ侹Ȼսһ൱
˿̣ʥԽսԽľ˿̵ˡ
һȻӵսʥ˵ʵ
ԼᣬȻҲŵġ
ԶҶԽսԽ˷ܣԽսԽȻսܸսǣʲôϵﱾʵһ֡ȻҲֻʥǿʱŻȥͬģǲȥġ
һ仰ǸȣԼܸס
䣡
ʱһըͻȻƬռ֮ת˲Ӱ˿ӰȻҶ
ŲԶҶҶϣˣǣսڣҶȴɼͦĻָٶȣǰδ
ԶҶֳսбָ·ȻԶߣս
˫ۻãۿҶ쵹Ϸ۽ˡǺڣ£ֱʧ֮С
ҶȻȥ׷ʵѾƣˡղһսȻܹս൱ǣսȥʮа˾ҪܵġΪʹڣ߻ࡣĻֻвɵʤ㡣ϧǣԷȻ
Ĳ㣡
Ҷջ˼ص˵棬˿ֻ̣аһˡ
Ҷ˴Ĵָ
仰Ļǧһܹʥ˰ģ˵ûУǣԲһֻ֡
ҶЦЦû˵ڵأȻʼˡ
ڵȫʵҲкôʥ˵սջ̫̫ࡣҪľǽЩȫգ

ңԶƶ֮УһһŮͣ
ȻǰҶսߡ
涼ɱ𣿡ԣŮ
߿һŮӣȻҡҡͷҿϸһЩۣҪɱа˾ųɵİյġֻǣƴֵ𣿿϶ǲֵõģң;ʵ䱳϶вСġȻǧܲκϵǣⲻԷǧ档
˵⣬˫ۻѾͷ¾͵Ϊֹˡ˵Ļ£Ҳ㣬Ǽ飬һˡ㣬Ҳóɳˡ˿𣬲㲻Ұ벽㻹ǰ顣
£ֱʧƶ֮С
ԭأŮӳĬã俴һҶڵλãȻתʧƶ֮С

ߡ
ҶˣԵǰ˿̣ǰˡ֪ʱԽԽˡ
ߣ
ЩߣдӴǧģҲд޴½ظǿߡ޽Щ½ϵǿȻǲĻġ
ЩʥǱͼˣ
Σⰶ۵ǿԽԽˡ
ʱҶ۾
ˣʡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻɨһܣܳˡ
Ϊģ
ǿ𣿡ҶͻȻʡ
ҡҡͷѾ֪ͨ峤˵⣬ˣʱûǿǰ֪Щһе㰴Ͳס

Ҷ˵ǣʵҶЩĶҪǰЩȻãǣʱͲҪȥǿ󣬲ȻǿҲԼġ
˵ţԶ
ǿɻû뿪
ҶѾѰˡ
ʱǿϢͻȻС˹ȥܿ죬߳ǿǰ߶һȻ֪˵Щʲôһľʳǰ
һΣûʼʥǰϲΪ֮ǰѾ֪˶ʮλʥߡҲ˵зյģ
˵ҪôͻƣҪô䣡
ҲΪʲôȻʥ˸ȴʥǰΪʥ˻ԥ
ãڰǿĿע£ʥľ֮ϡ
ȻջǾƴһƴ
ƴһƴ
ߣ˶ڿλʥˡʱһһȥ˲֪ãλʥ˿ʼ˱仯ͷʼԽԽףҲԽԽϡ
˥ϣ
λʥۿɼٶȱ˥ϣ˵ϣƤѾɹɵƤݵĸɿݡ֮⣬ϻɢһζߵŲˡ
ζǸõζ
ˣ
Ҷ밢һۣжŨŨɻЩʥ˾ʲôȻõô˥ȥ
ȥǻͻ֪һٸӣǶ
ʱһһȥԶλʥ˻ڱ˥ϡ֪˶ãһλʥͻȻ۾˿̣Ѿû֮ǰɫʣеֻҪǡ
Щ͵ĿǰͻȻ˰ߣ촽˶Ҫ˵ʲôϧǣʲôû˵Ѿʧˡ
һʥ䣡
ߣžޱȡ
һʥˣôϢˡ
ʱһʥ۾ʥ˿ǰǿŬҪվǣȴ֣Լһָûˡ
гһ˿Գת˲ֱʧľ֮ϡ
ֻʣһʥˡ
˵Ŀⶼʥ˵ϡ
ʱһһȥԼʱʥͻȻ۾۾һ̣òͻȻԼٶȻָᡣ

ʥͻȻЦЦܴ˿֮У˵
ȻߵҶüͷȴǽ


2085 ⣡
ʥˣ䣬һɹ
ɹʥȻûʵ֤棬ǣ˿ǿҲǲԶˡϾղſЦĺܿģȻ϶о޴ջ
һ£ʥзˡ
зգ
ǣҲл
Щʥ˵˲ľһ˿͸Ҳܹ֤ˡȻûʲôԵĻһӶ򲻳
ڣǰһᡣᣬȻǿ
ǣһʥ˲ϳ޽Ȼһһʥȥǿǰ
𣿡ҶԣͻȻʡ
ҶҪ˵ʱͻȻסת˲һ£
˵꣬˫ۻȻڡ
ڣҶС׵ǰ˿̣˷ܵĿԶС׵λáʱСףֻСצںץţһ㡣
ôˣҶԵС졣
ЩСǴ粽Сס
СҪˣ
ѣ
ҶתͷСף˿̣СüëͻȻ˶һ̣С۾
䣡
ɲǼ䣬һɿֲСϯԶҶСֱӱǧɿ⡣ΪҶּۿ죬ס㣬ˣ㲢ûбˡ
Ҷ̧ͷԶʱСͻȻһȻ̰һ
ɲǼ䣡
ڵضΪ֮·ʲôһ㣡

һ̣ڵٱСһ˳ɣ
ԶҶ𺳵Ըӡ
ʱһɫСͻȻС׵ǰСС׵СԴСױź˲䣬һЦʱֲ˲Сף˵ʲô
Сף³ʱҶеͻȻ
ԶСըգۣȻͷֲ˲СһЦһ£ɲǼ䣬ڵ˲ָ
ʱ˲С׵СԴȻһʧʡ
ߺСһҶǰҶĲ˲Ҷ°ͣţַɵǰȻСצСԴ
һ°С׸סˣȻС׵СԴСףֿһˣ
ҶǸ˵Ĳ˵㣬Ц⣬ȻСŮЩվֻǸСţС׵£պ϶仵ġ
СףʲôʱҶͻȻʡ
СתͷҶȻһɲǼ䣬ΧЩʧˡ뵽ʲôСæ˳øӡҲԣǺܺõѣѵĶãǣȫߵģ
ţôΪġ
ҪأҶʡ
СգգȻóһɾʯţСצ࣬ܿ죬ǿɾʯһˡ
Ҷ
ҶҲûС׻ʲô仯Կ϶ǣСϿ϶б仯һڵı£Ѿǳֲˡ
֮СһţõˡԺҪʹȥһˡ
С׻ˣһҶ뿪˺
˿̰ߣԽԽˡͬʱһһʥ˻ǱߡȻʥǰ䣬ǣⲢûֹЩʥˡ
ʧ
ʱͻȻ
ʲô˼Ҷ
ҡҡͷǧȻ󣬵ǣʥҲرġȫһʥҲ٣⻹һ𣬰ǧڣЩʥһһȥԴǧ˵δһʱʥ
˵⣬תͷԶڣʥ˵ϵļ١ǧ˵ܲʲô¡
Ҳһ
ʱҶһЩʥˣʥ˵ͻСܶˣ˵ĺ£
һҶһ
ҶЦȥǸʲôǰɣ
ôʡ
Ҷֱӵĸо
˵ʲôʱҶȥǰɣ
˵ͷ
ҶҪߣʱ뵽ʲôȻԼؿڣܿ죬С׵СԴ˳תתҶļϡ
ҶС׵СԴȻָԶǿСףǲǱ
С˳Ҷָǿȥܿ죬۾һȻСԴæ㡣
Ҷüͷ΢壬
ʱСͻȻĶ䣬Ȼһơ
ΣգҶʡ
ССԴСףǾòСצָָԶǿȻֻСצֿʼ
ΣգǳΣգ
С׵Ļ
ҶǿӾ֪⡣õûһƨȥȻҪЪˣ
С׵Ļ˵ǣǶȻǳǳΣգҲǷǳǳõıһΣûǰǰҪҶȥҪϿ
ȻΣյĳ̶õ˶Աִš
ҶûԥС밢뿪ԭء
Ҷ밢뿪󲻾ãԭҶ밢λóһߡ߽һϯưɫۣɢһŵϢ˵ĸо
˾Ҷʡ
΢΢ͷӦþˡû뵽ܵˡ
ǵλָˣʡ
ߵرλڵ̬ģ˭Ҳ֪⡣˵⣬߿һ꣬ôȤ
ЦڵǱΪǴǧһţԣȻȤġȻǺ棬ܲƺţ
ߵһţûܹԳƵһʵӹɵġ㣬д裬ҲǿԵģֻҪסûҪΪУ֮ĹϵȻôãҲôûҪȥ鷳¡
΢΢ͷסһһддġ
˵ţתͷԶǿʦ𣿡
תͷǿдһ˿ɻҡҡͷȷ
ʦûȥԵ뷨ʡ
ЦȻеģʦһңʵһ£һֱţҪԼվ;
ЦЦҲá
˵⣬תͷһǿңҸоЩԾġ
ߵ˵ͷܲԾѾȥʾ棬˼Ҳ˵֡Ծ
涼ˣӾȵ
ߵǣҲǻĶģ
ӵ˵ͷû˵ˡ
ʦ뿪һ£ͻȻ
߿һӣЦȥɡ
ӶһȻת뿪
Цˡ


2086 ţ
Ҷ밢صǣصǺ󣬰Ѿ뿪ˡ
ǻ壬ȻҶʥ˵顣
ԴˣҶһʼǱȽϷԵģĲðκϽʥ֯ǰܹǵġķһöûСΣҶֻðСЩ
ߺҶҸطţʱһӳǰԶ
ӿʮ꣬һϢưɫۣӵУһѡ
ӶҶ΢΢һЦңơ
ң
Ҷüͷ΢壬ôҲҪҶͷ
΢΢ҡͷ˴ǰѰ£ֻǵҸдд裬˶ѣκԹ
д裡
ҶһӣҲûļܣ
Цû´һ֮УӦú֣԰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ⵹ǣ
Ƶڣˣô뿴
ţ
ϣɢһַĵš
ҶеȤˡ
ҶɨһܣȻط
Ҳǧһдд衣
ҶĻ΢ƣȻ
䣬ͬʱʧԭء
֮С
˴ʱȫԿٳһսսڣңңԣɾ롣
ʱͻȻֻ֣д裬漰κԹǣ㵽ΪֹΣ
Ҷһƣò˵Ҹ˵ӡǲģûͱ˵ĸоȻֻһӡ
Ҷ˵ͷãҲҷʲôԹ
Ƶ˵ͷȻǰ̤һһ̣еĴͻȻƮȻǰת˲һöǴ֮лƮ˳һʼСϪˮỺݽǺܿ죬羪κˡ
һʼҶûʲôԾǺܿ죬ҶɫȻ䡣
Ϊڵ澹Ȼڻʧ֮⣬ΧռȻҲʧԣӦ˵ųЩȻų
ҶڣС׸ܵһĻʱŭˡҪצȴǱҶֹˡ
ǹƽСײͽΪСײͽ˵Щ϶ģΧǶᱻ
ȻҶ˵һսǹƽս
ԷģͻģԷƽҶҲṫƽ
ûҶ
Ҷһȭ
䣡
һǿһϯһȭȥǵʱȻֹȻʱһâһ˲Ҷǰ
Ҷٴһȭ
䣡
һըҶ˱˽ɵľ롣һͣԶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾҶǰţֳеĴѶҶһָ
ҶûжֱһȭǺ˹ȥ
ǴҪָҶȭͷʱͻȻ
䣡
һɴ̶Ǵ֮д˳ֱҶԴһƬհףʱеĴֱƹҶȭͷȻֱ룬Ҷǰ
飡
ҶʱоԼػ˲䱻ǧɿ⡣һͣʱٴγǰת˲֣ȻᳯҶ˹ȥһûмκƣǺѼһ㣬ƮƮģ޻
ʱҶѵѾָһҶͻȻһȭ˹ȥڿӴӵʱҶȭͷͻȻı켣ֱӺӵǰӵҲҶǰ
飡
Ҷٴη˳ȥһɣ˽ǧɣ
ǣȴ˿
Ʋûͣǰ̤һһֱ̤ӳҶǰһΣûгƣǶŴѴ
ˣ
һ˲䣬ҶѪ
ʵǺܺģһᣬһἱһӡǣҶĶǴһδʴĴԡ
䣡
һɿֲͻȻҶϯţһͷõİɫҶ
壡
Ҷ֮صʱ赲棬Ҳ޷С

ʱͻȻţػ޾ȻϣңӣѾںϣֺñ¡
ҶҲñ£Ӳһȭһ¶ûУ
ǷǳֲģǣղһȭڶԷϣԷȴһ¶ûУǲ⡣
ЦѧԽߣԽǿԻ壬Ҳ;˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵֻǳɣս˼أ
Ҷ˵ͷȷʵ
䣬Ҷ΢΢һһСûѡдǰʵǿҲд
Ҷó˽Цսһս£ͻȻڿշһ̣һڳлת˲ΧĿռͻȻһˣɲ֮Уһص

޵ľ
ĲԽߣԽֲ
Σգ
ҶһθܵΣգɨһܣȻǰ̤һһ̣һص˳Уת˲һٱͻȻ⽣֮Сһٱĳ֣ͻȻ⣬Щ˲串Щһʱ䣬Ƭսֱը˿
䡭
һըս֮쳹ȻսڵĿռѾǣ˵սȴǲδڼ
䣡
һ̶ĺҶƷ˿˿̣ɵľ롣
Զƿ˿ԼϣϣŲʮˣ
ȻǿǣⲢ޵еģҶĽܹƵġҶȻҲܣҶϣҲʮ˺ۡ
ȻˣǶҶ˵Щ˴šźǶԷԵˣȻսԶս
ֲĵطǽָ
ʱͻȻЦֹȻñ£⽣һ֮УֻһܹȣȻֵĽֻˣǶԷҪʤһġް⣬ֻʵʵ˵
Ҷ˭е棡
ЦԷԷңԷ޵ĽţǶ𣬶ԷĽҲǼǿԷĽֵĽȫֲͬķֵĽɱ̫ǿˣҵԵֿ
ҶЦɱ˵ġôΪģԣɱȻеǿ
⣡
Ƶ˵ͷȻգ͵ΪֹΣսȥ͵÷ˡ
Ҷãлд衣
ƶҶ˱ȭڣ˵꣬תȥ
Ҷһۣһ̣һĨѪǻ˳Ѫ̼Ҷǰ·ѾȾ졣
ͬʱ֮⣬ͻȻͣһͣұͻȻ͡һ
Ϊʲôսԭˡ
˵սȥĵ÷ˡ


2087 Ļ֣
һսõҶףǧ棬Ҳŵģֻ֮ǰû
ͬʱҲӳĴҵĵֲ
ڱҴûһǿţڿûУǶԷûг
Ƭ̺Ҷջ˼Ȼ˺֮С
ˣ
Ҷ˵ʱ⣬ͣǰһߡ
ΣЦ
ʵǿӦûоȻղչֳʵ޷ʥ˿ġ
ߵ˵ͷ˵ʵӦڲ֮䣬ߵ˳ɵʤ㣡
ΪΣʣ֮ûвΪ˵ʦ
ܼ򵥣
ߵһս˵ǲ˵һʵǿԼýɱġ˵ս־ǣ֡㣬ȻҲսǣ㱳վЩϼһڣǶ˵ٻӰġΪǿʱţţһΪǣľˮֵġ
ƳĬ
ʱֵҶͬĽ˵ĶͬĽֻԼţʮʮԴߣӦҲˣϣһ˶ûеĺݾɺݾۺϵĽ֮УǾǽ氡
ƿߣʦ
Цڴǧ棬ĸȥһأۣкõģҲлġܺûҿˣǲδضġ
ΪΣʡ
Ұģ
ߵûҰģ˵ҰģֶȨ߶ڳҰġȻܶʱҰĿԴ̼һˣǣܶʱҰҲūһˡգ֮ϵ㣬һЩѧϰġ
΢΢ͷȻʦ
ǲͻȻ
ʦԿ϶ʡ
Ѿˣ
ˣ
һݡ
涼ˣζ鲻ˡΪЩһ㶼״򲻶ģ˵ܹ飬̫̫ˡ
ͬʱҶҲյ˪Ϣ
ˡ
Ҷ뿪ǣ˺ߣվλÿȥȻܹСӦ˵ǿȻʱǿǰʥѾļ٣ֻλˡ
˿̣λòҲĲޱȡ
ʱһͻȻҶԡ
ӾôƾճֵģֵĺףҶûֶԷôֵġ
ҶһݣһӣŰۣ˫ָ˿һЩ⣬һͨˣûа沨
ӶҶ΢΢˵ͷȻ̧ͷԶλʥ˵ϣʥˣҪѣܹߵһʵܲ׵ġ
ҶϧҪˡ
תͷҶЦô
Ҷ⣡
΢΢һЦѵáʵЩʥֺγ֪⣿ǣ˻ȥˡ֪ΪΣ
ᣡ
Ҷ˵һ֤Ļᣬǲ
ӵ˵ͷһʵһԭΪţ
ţҶӡ
ǿܹʥˣʵȻǲ˵ģƬؼ䣬˴ﵽ桯ģ˭ܹвǣǿûеġ
ѵ𣿡Ҷʡ
Ȼ
ӵֹУкܶࡣƬ棬Ĳ壬飬ڵֻСһ
Сף
Ҷɫһ䣬ԷȻ֪ڵСף
ЦõģҶû⣬Ҳڵı
ǰǺˣҶʡ
ӵҪع黰⡣һƬؼ䣬˲δ飬Ҳ˾ǽףĽָƾһѽͿնɱʥ˵ġ֮⣬顣
ҶתͷǿҲǣ𣿡
ЦʵѾ֪ˡȻȲǣؼ汦֮һ
汦Ҷӣ
ڵеǱҲ汦֮һ
ӵҪһ㣡
ŵһ𣿡Ҷʡ
Цڶģ
һʲôҶʡ
΢΢һЦһܹնպ˵
ն
ҶһݣʲôȻ涼ɱ
ʱ̧ͷǿ֪ʲô𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ

һܹʥʧʥ˽УʧԼֽʥˣ˽򣬶һҪͨ£пܱסġȻڵʵУ̼ͻʧؼ䣡
ΪʲôҪŪЩʥˣҶʡ
𣡡
𣿡
Ҷüͷ⡣
ЦЦȻʧԭءٴγʱѾǿǰӳǿǰʱǿͻȻҲǸоΣա
ͻȻָһ㣬⣡
£ǿ˲ƽȥ
תԼǰλʥˣȻһӣɲǼ䣬λʥ˻˫ۡɨһܣܿ죬Ŀӵϡ
һ̣λʥͻȻվȻ󹧾Ķһ񣬡л֮
΢΢ͷȥɡ֤棬ҪԼǿϣ֮ϣǡ
̣ܽ
ٴζһȻתʧʡ
ߣһĻҶĿϡ
˾˭
ʵµһ㣬ǣȷ
Զλʥȥ֮תͷǿĶԹĲΪȥ𣿡
ãһӶ𣬡ܹΪȥ
΢΢ҡͷ֮£Ѿȥܾãǲ¹ȥĳޣǣǻصޡ
𣿡
ͻȻЦڵĴǧ棬ѾǵĴǧ棬ڵİ壬Ҳǵİ壬ڵĴҸǵĴңڵ֮飬Ҳǵ֮顣Ȼڵ岻ǵ壬ǣҶһ𣿡
£һŰȹŮӳӲԶ
ȹŮӣԶҶɫʱ
ȻԷòǣӰüˡ
壡
һжˡ
һУģ
壡


2088 棡
Ҷû뵽һоȻŪģ
⣬Զ׼İʥǿߣ
Ϊ֣ǾԵסġδпֵģΪֻҪ幻ǿƣض֡ˣΪǿˡַİʥǿߡ壬ɹˡ
ʥˣرģ
ǣȴǵ棬ܹԿ棿
ӵݣҶȻҲǲµһЩģܹʥ𾴣˵ضֻ档
ҶЩģΪ嵣ġ
壬Ȼкøеģ˵İſɲ١
Զ
ӿһ۰ȹŮӣȻǼȻộҺܺ棬ǵʲô
ȹŮӵûǱֵĺã
ΪʲôЦ
ȹŮӵĻҵһԲ֡
Цв𣿡
ȹŮӵ̸вȻѾһе׼
˵ȹŮһָȻѾû䣬ǣңǲϧһдۣҪһλ棬ġ
˫΢УɫЩˡ
ȹŮȴǺη壬û㣬̼Ҫǧʧأ
ӵڵ壬ҷһҾͿ֮
ȹŮЦԣ
£ȹŮ˫ͻȻУɲǼ䣬ΧĺˮͻȻţһ޴ĹĻ˰ȹŮӵ
һĻɫһ󣡡
ȹŮӵٴǧ棬Ĵ֮УңңңұֳĬǲ뱣ֳĬԣʯ٣ģҵ˵Ѿ޼ҿɹ飬ûˣҲûʲôأԸĴҵ𣿡
˫ۻã۾ľʦһжļ֮ڡʵӦף֮Բֵԭʲô
Ȼף
ȹŮЦ꣬ʱǱߣԣˡڣʱˡ
תͷҶأʲô
ã
ȹŮҡҡͷˡ棬ӦףߵĵزкܴĹϵǰƵǵĶȥģ塣
Ц˵Ķԣʱˡⲻһܹʤ
ĿԴɣȹŮӵ
ӵ˵ͷĿԴ
˵꣬ͻȻҶǰ
ǰҶ⡣
΢΢һЦ֪׷ɱ㣬԰бضԹ޵ģǣţҲϣǧѪɺӰɣ
ҶЦЦǰҾã̫߿ˡ˵ģǰ壬Ĵң壬Щ֮ĶԹܹܵ˵𣿡
˵⣬ҡҡͷܲˣҲܡ飬ر˾Щˣһһֻġ
֮䣬վһߣͻȻʡ
Ҷԥ壡ȻҪվߣΪʲôܼ򵥣岻û׷ɱʲô壬ףΪ岢ûи塣Ȼ࣬Ҳࡣ˭ɱͳ˭˭վ˭Ǳߣ
ô򵥣
ӵһֻ̾ҶԼҶҲֵЩġǣҶеȻѡҶҶͲǵһˡҲҶҪԭ
û˵ʲôתȥˡΪѾõˡ
ʱǰȹŮͻȻҶԶ
ҶҪ˵ʱǰȹŮͻȻ
˵꣬תȥ
Ҷԥ£Ȼȥ
ҶǿǰȹŮӵ
Ҷ˵ͷղ˸˵
֪˭𣿡ȹŮͻȻʡ
Ҷҡҡͷ
棡
ȹŮӵҵλ棬ǧļ֮һҲƻһεơ£ôʥˣ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
ҶҪ壿
壿
ȹŮЦЦȻȻᣬ˵ǣ¾ĴңҲȥѪƴΪû塣Ҫ֪˵һǧɲѪƴ
Ҷʲô
ȹŮӵ֪
ҶĬ
ʱȹŮͻȻһӣɲǼ䣬ҶȹŮΧǿͻȻģǿʧˡ
ת˲ŮͻȻ·һ㣬ɲǼ䣬·ˮͻȻ˿ţֱС
½
ȥģҶʡ
ȹŮЦкô㣬𣿡
ô
Ҷ⡣
ȹŮû˵ʲô
㾿˭Ҷڻ˳ǰ˵ݣĺܺ档ڣʹԷĺܽǣȻԷò
ȹŮӳĬƬ̣ȻԺͻ֪ˣ
ֵθڣ
ҶЦЦȻԷ˵Ҳûˡ
˼׹֪˶ãˡڰȹŮӵĴ£˳ԶȥˮУˮе磬һƬҰһַǳصĸо
ѹ֣
ҶܵһЩѹ֡
֪˶ãȹŮͻȻͣ˲ԶһɫĹײġڹײĵĽǣĸɫĸɫһǹײģһûռ֮С
æʱȹŮͻȻ
ҶȹŮӣŮײڣһλͣλӡλ֣ȻϲĸˣһԶ
ҵĽҶ
ȹŮӵ˵ͷĽǵλִ죬˵Ǻ챦۷塣ȻĽûѣĸ֮еʴҲûеôǿˡλ־ѾѣԣӦϣƵĸ
Ҷ˵ͷûоܾߵǸײĵǰȻó˽ס뵽ʲôתͷȹŮӣΪβֹ㣿
ȹŮӵĵˣ壬ĵˣҲʱҡԣ˫ѡ񻥲ַ
Ҷ˵ͷˣ
˵꣬ٽǰһ
ͣ
һƿնȥ
飡
Ҷȴֱӵ˳ȥһɣɣ
ȹŮͻȻȻһָ󱳣Ҷʱͣ
ʱȹŮӵý򣬾ȫ
ҶһȻʩչ˽˫־Žǰ͵ؾһ
ˣ
һ̶ĽͻȻƬ쳹
ʱԶǸײͻȻһһǿ𵴶
䣡
ĸֱӻޡ
ڳˣ
ʱһͻȻڳ
Ҷ̧ͷȥһ̣ɫһ䣬ٽǰһ
䣡
Ҷֱ˳ȥͬʱеĽҲʧˡ


2089 
Ҷ֮ǰվλôվһڷͫӣ˿̣ҶĽ
ԶҶһ£һѪʱǻ˳һ˲ҶͻȻ̧ͷԶӣһ̣Ҷǰ̤һ

ǿĽ˲סףͬʱҶ˫УɲǼ䣬ٱ⺣֮С
ɱ
ҶͻȻ⺣֮쳹
Ҷ£ɲǼ䣬˲䱻⸲ǡ
һ̣Զ̧ͷҶΧЩʱüͷǰ̤һȻǰһ㡣
һ㣬еЩֱ
ʱһͻȻڳ쳹𣬽ţսҶУһ̣Ҷҽ͵һ壬˾սֱӳӳ˹ȥ
Ӳ໹ʮɾʱһɻͻȻҶϯɻ˲סҶ壬ս졣
һ˲䣬˲䱻𿾵ķ
ս죬壡
һΣҶȫƴˡ
һĻҶǰԶüͷĸˡһȻҲҴ⣬ֳǰǰһһõĶܶʱǰ
䣡
Ҷеսǵ֮ϣбǱһţһǿ⺣ϯ˲䷭
Ҷһ֮£ֱӱɿ⣬ͬʱϣ˿˿Ѫۡ屻ˣ
Ҷղһʥ˶׾ٵĽ£
Զɫһһֳ̣ǰ̽ȻնҶһץһǿ˲סҶȻƸסҶҶеս͵һӣһӣֱƵǹơ
ҶڵʵʥҪƾѹסΡ
Ȼ֣ʱһԵİȹŮͻȻˣ
תͷǰȹŮӣʸң
ʱȹŮͻȻʧԭء
ɫȻһ䣬Ҫ֣ʱǹͻȻ֮ӵͷһɿֲѹͻȻѹ塣
꣡
Ҷʱ˹ͷ
ȻԴУҪ֣ʱһŭͻȻڳ𣬡Կ
ҶתͷȥһСŮһ׷
Ů
ŮߣҶҲйһ֮Եȥǹܲ
Ůɫһ㡭峤
峤ŮԣܲͻȻ˵һ䡣
ɫЩѿأ
ˣ
ʱŮͻȻɱģ
磡ͻȻŭ

ʱһԵĹܲͻȻʧԭأԶ
䣡
ֱӱ֮⣬ͬʱӳߡ
ȫʥˣ
Ůȥ뵱峤ûдʹ֡ˣڴˣ
ʱ֮ͣͣһҪ˵ġʽ˴߱棬ڣҪû
ɫ粻
ˣУŮȻҪǿߣǣһ࣬һ٣Ҫսҵġ
ǼʥϢѾס
ӳĬƬ̣̯һѽɫԿ׳֮С
ŮһУöԿֱ֮СԿ֮ŮٴһУеǱֱӷɵǰŮָһ㣬ǱɵҶǰ
ŮߵҶǰһҶȻһ죬ǧ֮Уûȥɡ˵ֱ꣬תȥܿ죬ͣҲҪʲôҲûй뷨ߣȻǣǧľ˵ʲôӰ졣
˵꣬˵ʧԶ
ʱȹŮͻȻҶԣܿ죬ͻۻᣬȻһԸ壬ⲻҪĵģҪǣǾһǿֻע⵽㣬ϾϣŴǧа֮ĶԹֻҪǻᣬǲŹģ
Ҷ֪
ȹŮӵʱ䣬ţһǵĿȫϡ֮Сġ
˵꣬תһʧԶ
ֻʣҶһӡ
ãҶҪ뿪ʱͻȻΪսǽУ
Ҷһӣƨ£
˵꣬Ҷתߡ
ղų־ӣȻԷһͶ֣ޱȵջˣڶԷȻǲɫġ
һԣɫޱȵѿҪ֣ȻǼɵʲôջûг֡
˿̣ҶѾ뿪ˡ
ҶҲûг֣ΪɱԷȻԶԷʵҪŪҲǺѶȵġ˭Ҳ˭ԣԷ˷ʱ䡣
뿪׺Ҷصǣջصǣ˪Ǹˡ
ڵľƣ
ıʱơ
ŭ
˲ˣΪһΣʧʥǿ̫̫ˡ˽ǣ˽ǣܲŭϧǣûһȥ塣
ǧĳһ壬Ĵɵģ
ǣڿʼˡ
ˣ
Ȼڰ廹ûˣǰ˪Ĺƣ϶ˣһ֣ǴǧͻȻĴң壬塣
ʱȴʧˡ
Ҳ壬Ǵˡ
ֵζĴҵ̬ȣĳ֣ĴҾȻ˳Ĭ˭Ҳûб̬ڰ忴ĴȻǲˡ
ĴҲ֣ͱˡȻκһ嶼޷忹⡣
壬ʵǧ֮Уûһٸ壬еģڣЩѾʧ߱ˣڣǧʵ壬ҲͼʮѡȻˣǣҲܹһ֮Կġԣʧˡ
Щص㣬صҶ
Ϊڰ֮󣬰һȻͨҶ
ͨҶ
ϢʱҶ˲Ϊʲô
Ȼ˪
˪ΪӴǿҶһģϱô࣬ԣǲŪ㣬Ū˭ڣûǱˡ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
˪ΪҪˣ̫̫ˡʧôʥˣǵóȻҲ壬Ǿֻˣ
Ҷ


2090 ֮飡
ʧʥˣޣȻҪġ
ǣʧˡ
ǣǰĿҶϡ
ò˵ҶлЩġȻһ취ûС˪ԣʱ治ܻȥǧ档ڵʵû취忹ġ
Ҳãڿ޽磬Ȼĵһӡ
֮ǰƻһλʥ˵Ľ֣಻֮ڵ涼кܴռ䣬ҪľŬԼ
رǽ棡
ǿĽὣɱ˽һһʩչǿȻʥȴ첻̫вýС
ʥʱһУѾΪˡ
ڣʥвս塣ȻҶ˵ⲢûʲôףǣҲζĽЩˡ
ǿ
ǿַһ֣ǿýĸǿ󣻵ڶǼǿ裬ӸԼĽȻҲ߱ǰҪѵöࡣ
ڵĽѾﵽƿҪٳ߸ͷһǶʱܹġ
Ŀǰ˵ֻѡ
оֽԸֽȻ˵ϾͨҲ˽⣬ԼһЩ뷨ҪԼĽⲢǺֻܴʱ⡣
ڡ
Ҷڵأ˫΢ա
ʡʡԼĽԼĽЩ㣬ر֮ǰƻλʥսʱս֮УĽûܹԷʵԵв
ʵǾϻ˵ûսʹ˳ɳĻ֮ǰսҶԼ֮е಻֮һٶȣ
ԭԼĽٶѾˣȻʥź⽣ѾԶԶˡ
٣
Ҷ˵ҪľԼĽ٣ȻҲҪġûбķֻһһ
ҶҲἱɣǽٻǽ¾Ϳɵġ
ʱһһȥ
һ죬СͻȻһܵҶǰ
ССצָָצеĽȻһֻСצٻšԲཱུСϣ˷֮ɫ
СצеĽǽף
ȻҶûȫС׵˼ΪСһֻСצġ
ҶС׵СԴЦ𼱣˵
СýȻֻСצʼ
ܿ죬Ҷɫ˵ڸ㽻
ССԴ㣡
Ҷסˡ
ˣ
ҶеĽס˽Ȼûиܵ飬ֻܵһ˿޵Ĳе겨ҶСףСһﲻǳ˻þɣ
СգգۣȻͷצеĽܿ죬ŽԼߣһᣬ۾һȻ̧ͷҶСצָŽ˼˵
Ҷ
ҶһСףȻͷǽȻûиܵʱһԵͻȻ磬᲻ֻСײõأ
ҶСףСױ棬ʾûƭˡ
һᣬҶ˵ʲô
ССצýףȻ󽫽˶ߣһᣬСצʼ
Ƭ̺Ҷ˵Ҫȥһط
С׵˵ͷ
ΪʲôҶΪʲôҪȥ
Сٴ뽣׽
һȥҶո⽣׵ͼˡ
ԷָһЩǣȫָԷǺֻܸС׽ܹ֮С׽ҪԭСһǽСڸ涼õ˴رǸ֪棬Լĸ֪ǰ̫̫ࡣ
ҲΪʲôܹܵڵҪԭ
ҪȥһС桱ĵطԭ򣬶Էδü˵Ѿٴγ˯ˡ

ʱĽޱȵÿֻѰҵʱ䣬ӺҪ˯һѣСײ֪Ҷ֪
ҶǰС˻Сצ˼ǣȥ
ҶеĽãȻЦȥ
׸̫̫æԷѺѡڸҲҪȥġܹﵽԷôҪһġȻϣڽָȻġ㣬ûԼ뷨Ҳα˵ûϵ
кܴϵģ
⽣ǽףǧһԷָʱڵʵ治˭棿뻹Щ̼ģ
ջ˼Ҷ棡
룬Ҷû̾ȥʲô棬Ǵ˪æ½档飬˪һ졣
棬ҵ鵽Ҳ٣ֻ֪һ㣬Ǿطǽ׳ĵط˪
׳ĵطҶ⡣
˪λִ콣׵ĵطǸطҲأ׳֮󣬲֪ʲôԭǸطӡң˼λ棬û֪ǸطڣȻǽ׿϶֪ǵطġ
׳ĵط
ҶǵطûΣգ
ô֪
˪ûûȥǸطҲ²⣬Ǹط϶ǲ򵥵ģҪȥҪСΪߣǣڿڱͨȥʱСı˼Ҹˡ
壡
ҶͻȻ뵽һ磬ڿͨ԰ʵҪҵӦò̫ѵġ
ҶóƬҶ˿̣ҶһѾơ
һĻҶɫ˵϶ǿʲôʽõƬҶƵô졣ôȥҶױƵһ̣ʱλþͽ׵ı¶
ʱ˪ֵΣԼСİɡĶһʱע⣬һжҾͻ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷԼҲҪСģڰЭ飬֣ҪСЩһ¶ǽҸΣգ
֪
˪ڣѾʼΧһЩΧĵҲѾˣǽȥ棬ָܹҽھָ̣ܹؼ䣬֮⣬ʥ˻κβˡ
ҶЦЦǽָ󣬻һ⣡
˪˵Ҳԣ⽣һϣˡʱ⽣ĲˣûϵŽ׾ˣʲôģһ⣬ܱУ
ʱ˪ͻȻ鷳ˣ
ôҶʡ
˪ҸյõϢǿǰ޽ˡλñ¶ˡ
Ҷһܺãɱʲôģ
λʥˣֹܻ˪
ҶһȻԥ£ãɱˣǸɱɣ


2091 ˣ
棡
棡
ҶûǶ뿪ǡڶ˵˪ԣ뾡ϵ棬ȻýָֻҪָ治£Ҷǰȫġ
֮أ޽磬Ҳڴǧ棬һĿռ䡣
Ŀռ䣬Ĵҵֿٳġ
壬ǿ󵽼ʹĴҶ֮ӲˣĴʱ͵͵졣
Ҫȥ棬ȵȥ壬֮ͨصĴ
壡
Ҷ͵͵ĸȥ塣
û취ڵõ͵С
һ·ϣһЩУеĳſڣҶĻֻҪ֪ٵģԽʮɾʯ˵ġ

һ֪Ĵɽ֮УһƬããɽ֮УȺɽһɽΪۣƣʹʮ֮߿Ȼܹ
ɽ
ɽǴǧɽ
ɽһ˿ûǣЩʵ˵ɽν׹ΪɽϣһԺ
Ժ
һԺͬǣһЩΪ˵ķʽͬȥѰҡˣҪ츳õģҪġ
Щˣʹһ㣬ڴǧ棬ټ
Ժĺɽ֮УһƬ֣һݡǰһΣϣһ۵ߡ˿̣˫΢գеһĴ̸ˡ
ͻȻһɫ۵ͻȻǰԶǽɫϣһĽ
Ҷ䣡ͻȻ
ʱ۾߿һӣȻҡҡͷϣжȥɣ
һɾʯӵ
ҡҡͷ㡣
˫΢У򣡡
߿ӣһΣҪŪСӰ
˫΢գ
򣡡
ʱͻȻվԺԸһγ֣ۣ
ӿһߣȻָһһöɽߵǰ
Ц֮󷽵Ĳ˰һʱ󣬸Ϣ
תȥ
ߺֳǰһɲǼ䣬Χĳֱӱһ޴̣֮ϣöɫǡָһ㣬ö΢΢һȻʼ˲֪ãüͷ΢壿Ҫȥ壿
ʱɫȻһ䣬һ̡
䣡
̺׵ֱըѿͬʱǰöҲֱӹѣơ
˭
ɨһܣڣɱʮ㡣
Ҷ£ԺԺͱˣʱһͻȻڳ
תͷȥ˵ܾͲܣ
ʱһͻȻ߲Զӻߣһ̡
䣡
ֱըѿ䲢ûΪ껹ڡȻ˿̣ѾԸӵĵز
ʥ˾۷壡
Ƭؼ䣬˵Ĵ֮⣬һˡȻ˿̣Էһغϱֱӻٵµǣǰˣ漶ǿߡ
Էһʥ˾
ʱͣʲô⣬ҪˡҪǣһˣھԺԺڶ£ԺʮȫȥʺԵΪֹ
˵꣬תȻֵ˷ʱ䣡
£ֱʧԭء
ԭأ߳Ĭã̧ͷʾͷдɻ֮ɫޱӣҴǧʱǿߣΪԺһϢûУ˭
˵Ժǧ󲿷ǿߵݣһǿߣԺȻǰޱӣԺȴһϢûС
üͷ塣
ʱһŮͻȻ˳С
תŮӣŮӵ˵Ҷ£Ҫ֣ܹµģֻǼλʸ㲻ţ
߳ʲô
Ů˫΢գ֪
˫΢У嶼֪
ǰŮӣʦҲǰȹŮӡ
ȹŮӵ˵򵥾ͼ򵥣˵򵥣ֻΪǣԣڵϣˡλҲû뵽ѡˣǣôิӵˡȻʵȻǿǿжϵҶǼġҽȻҲĵǿȥУҲƻ򣬸ʱ֣Ͼʱ𡭡
˵⣬ȹŮͻȻͣ
߿һŮӣȻǵλʲô˶֪Ҷѡˣ壬ڣ׷ɱҶȻǲ𣿡
ܣ
ȹŮЦЦܣҶ˲һˡ㻹𣿷һбԼǼ֮ûԳֶҶΪڡҾ͵عأǲأǺǣ뿴һλǲعһܹܵ
˵⣬۶㷢ȻֵģҲҶ֡ģ͵ÿҶԼˡҪ֪÷ڻոǧſܳΪġ
߳ĬãȻղ˭
Ϊ壿ȹŮͻȻ
ԣͫȻһʲô˼
Ů΢΢һЦֻһ
ܣ
ͻȻһʥ˵˵ǿܣ
ԭҲòܣ
ȹŮ˫ۻȻʵˡԺмشǧʷĳţ㣬֪УҴǧʷ츳һ˭
߳ĬƬ̣ȻŮ˵֮УŮ֮ǰŮδ֮ǰͨ죬һ꣬ڵ֮ѣʱ
ֻ𣬲ſɱ
ʱȹŮͻȻӵʵҺˣ֮ǰʷҲ٣Ȼȴܹ֪ô飬ò˵ڲԺ𣿡
߿ЦЦѾû¶ˡ
ȹŮӵ˵ͷ⡣ӸղŵĻ⣬䣬ˣԳ֮ղˣڲԳ۵ˡ
ŮϾڴ˵߳
ȹŮЦЦû˵ʲô˭һͬһܣܵģӦ˵Խܵġ
ʲôʱͻȻ
ȹŮ岻𣿡
Ȼأߵ
ȹŮЦ԰͸¶ٵģ
˫΢Уʲôô
ȹŮЦô㲻
¡
ܣͻȻߡ
ȫʥˡ
߳ɻû
ȹŮӻȥҳ֣Ǿ
ǴһĨ
ȹŮתͷߣ꣬Ĵңʥ˹һǧپʮλλһս֮󣬰廹ʣʥˣʣ棿
ɫѿ
һս֮滹ʣ֪ǣʥˣĴңֻʣ²һλУЩһ겻ʧڴǧˡ
ȹŮ˫ָת߽ݣȻһս֮󣬰ֻʣ¶ʥء


2092 ֮أ
⣬߳ĬãȻҡҡͷҪˣ
͹ˣ
ǰ͹壬ԺǴ͹塣ԭ壬ӦҪ͵µģδ뵽Էһ㶼͵һԺҪ֪ԺҲһλǿߵġԺĴʼˣ档λҲؼǿ֮һ
Ȼˣȴûг֣
һ㣬ߵõһѶϢ
˲ṳ̂һ
ҡҡͷ߽ݡ
һʱɫ۵ӳ⡣
Ӹһ֣һöɽʱ֮з˳
üͷʱڴһҶҲ鲻
Ǯ٣ӵ
һǧҲ첻ˣ
ڣߵ˾Ҷʱǲ鲻ˡ䣬һЩ취֪ǰԸԸ⸶һЩۡǻģϾǲǴڱɣ
ǰɫ۵ӣ˾
˾ĬƬ̣Ȼǵ䣿
ڣߵʱûУҿϸһЩۣǿܲ鵽ǵġ
˾΢΢ͷҪʲô
ߵܹʲô
˾һݣ̫̰һ£
ߵû̸ˡ
Ĭ
ã˾̸Ҷ䣬㵱޷鵽
޷߻ء
˾˵תʧԶ
ڡ
߿ԲԶİȹŮӣΪβɱ˾
ȹŮӵɱһʲô˼أԺͲҪˣԼ¾Ϳˣ
˵꣬Ů˫ۻ

塣
˿̣ҶѾ塣
С
Ҷ͵͵ģ˵һжСĲСǱ˷٣԰ʵܲ˵ġܳǧ棬ܳ޽֮棡
ȻδսҶȻܵĽաû̫ϵɲҪҶػǳ֣ǵһҪŪ
ҶһֱűȥһҶͣ˿̣ѾһƬɽشһۿȥǱҶɨһܣȻǰǰ
ʱС˳
ССצָָԶ
жҶʡ
С׵˵СԴ
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С룬Ȼҡҡͷ
Ҷԥ£ȻС׳СָλȥûãСͻȻһͣצơҶͣʱСǱϡ
СױᣬȻСצǱ档
꣡
ǱͻȻ˿ţһɫԲǱƮ˳
Ҷ
Բ˫ۣбӣٶУƨɺ棬Сβ͡
ԲֺĿСϣг˺档С״һǰСԲСצͻȻСԲȻһ̣СֱӶסˡ
һĻҶɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ʱСϵЩͻȻʧˡСתͷҶһЦʾġţСתͷСԲȻֱץסСԲβ;Ҷߡ
Ҷ

ҶѾŲ³СԲǸʲôˡ
ҿӣ񻹲ܹͣС׶סһ£ܲ򵥵ġرǶԷǱܵġڣСԲôСߡԷȴûз
ʱСԲͻȻͣתͷһ̣Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬СԣСױ
ԶѿһŮͻȻƱ
ŮӴһѩɫĳȹǳȹ֮ϣѩ׺ͷҲѩ㴿ףȴϣտر£˿ȴǼ䣬ǳǳ䣬һ˿С
Ҷǽ䱸
ʥˣ
ǰŮӵľʥˡ
СգգۣȻŮԵǸСԲСצСԲṴ˹ȻöԷȥȻЩĵģղŲһͰСһ˵ġ
ԶСԲһСףֿһԵŮӣЩԥ
ʵСĲܵģӦ˵׽СףϾС˵źܴջġ
ȻҲ뿪Ůӡ
СƺҲڣŮӣСצָָСԲȻָָԼȻǽжԷСԲ
ôֱ׳
ҶЩģҲֻСײܹôֱ׳ȥҪ˵Ķ
ԶŮӿһСףĿҶϣΪ˵أ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻɷֻȻˣǾͲˡ
˵꣬ҶСתߡ
С׿һСԲЩᡣ
ʱŮͻȻҶԶĿҶеСϣ
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ŮӵңΣ
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С˵ԻŮȴԽȤˣкܶô
ôС۾һʱҶͻȻСգգۣȻŭŮӣСצһһӡ
˼ǣСײ߻裬۽Ǳ߿Ҷ
Ůӻ˵ʲôҶȴͻȻСףȥɣ
С׵˵ͷȻֱﵽ˺СʧԶСԲЩˡ

ܹߣٶü
С׻صҶһŮӣֱתȥɲԷ˷ʱ䡣
ʱŮͻȻҶǰ
Ҷֻ
ŮֱҶ£ߣ
ҶЦСԣС׵ĺܴ󰡣ֻһᣬһλصʥǿߣ
ЩΣ
ҶҲûڷϻ΢΢һսУţҶŮӣսɣ
䣬ҶһֱʧԭأٴγʱѾŮӵǰת˲ս͵ؾһ
Ů˫΢УȻû뵽ҶȻ˵־Ͷ֣һӣɲǼ䣬ͻȻѩЩѩ絶һЩ絶ѩĿȫҶ
ֻһ˲䣬Ҷ͸ܵһɴĺѹ
˿սʮ㡣ڵһλʥˣȻѹûǰǰˡ
ն
УҶͻȻһŭһ̣һǿڳϯΧЩѩ˲ɢҶȴسˣ
ʱŮͻȻǰ̤һһָ̣һ㣬һõıͻȻǰת˲ֱӴҶǰ
꣡
Ҷ˲䱻ȻδΧͬʱŮӵڳ𣬡򣡡
£˲佫ҶڵλûˣΧأһ޴ĺȦȦȦתȦȦϵתһһϳ֣޾
ȻʱŮͻȻ˫Բ֮ɫô⣡


2093 ֮
Щһһʧˡ
ҶŮ֮УҶͷһ
ǽף
˿̣׾;ҶͷȻΧЩ뽣ҿ
ԶŮ֮ɫԷĿ⣬ϡ
Ҷ˿ҲЩ¡
ڸղ׼ҪʱͻȻ˳ȻЩȫʧˡ
ԶŮӵɫԷƺʶе
ʱǽͻȻɵŮӵǰһ˲Ů徹Ȼֱ

ŮͻȻһת˲ֱӳǧɡ˿̣ɫ쳣Ĳ԰ףҲޱȡ
ԶҶüͷ⽣ʲôʱôˣ
ǽصҶߣȻҶǰ
Ҫȥ棡
ʱŮͻȻ
ҶһŮӣô֪
ŮӳĬƬ̣ȻѾӡдڸǣȥҲҲλڡ
˽⣿Ҷʡ
ŮӳĬãȻҿԴȥǸط
ʲôҶʡ
ŮӿһҶͷǱȻû
˵꣬תߡ
Ҷԥ£Ȼȥ
ŮӵĴ£һǰŮָָǱӣ
ҶǱӣȻʲôҲûС
ʱŮָһ㣬һƽƿնȥƽҪûǱʱͻȻһֶġ̼䣬֮ϲ˽
ǿĽ
Ҷ̲סһŮӣŮӵĽǳǿʱ
䣡
ԶǱ֮ϵЩͻȻը˿Ȼޣţһ޴ԲȦҶСǣԲȦȦܿʧˣͬʱǱҲָԭģ
ҶתͷŮӣŮӳʱǣǽһƣͻУ
Ҷ˵ͷ
ŮһӣǱ֮϶ʱʱǹȦһγˡʱҶͻȻνһն
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ʱҶԵŮͻȻеĽ¯֮ġ
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ŮҡҡͷûɱǣֻҪǸ֮⣬˲ʮ֣Ҫǣ˽ʱƬ֮Է֮˽âõ󻯡֮Ϊ⽣̫̫ĴˡڰûǸȥڶѣ
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ŮӿһеǻȻͣŪ𣬲ȻǿǶ˵ǲ
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Ůߵǽ¯ԲԶ⽣¯֮Увдܹ֮ƿȻĽѵļʾҪܶܶࡣ֮𣬿ɲһĻһλȼ֮Ļ棬ԻءǼλλѣΪ˱һ˿ӡǣˣһӡ⽣¯֮С
˵⣬Ҷڵǣ⽣¯ض㣬Ҫҿе
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Ҷ̧ͷǽ¯˿̵Ľ¯ƽޱȡ
֮жǿҶʡ
Ůӵǿһλ֮һʥ˸ԵֵȻ˵ԡ
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ҶһŮӣȻһǽ¯Ķˣһ̣һն£ǽ¯ͷϿյһӡֱӱһնޡ
ӡƣһ̣һɿֲĻͻȻǽ¯֮г̼䣬Ҷֱӱɻ˸ûȻɻֱӽҶǽ¯֮С
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ʱͻȻ⽣¯֮УЩ˲һϽҶȻû룬ЩֲʮϢȫޡ
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С׳һܣɲǼ䣬ΧЩ˲
һĻҶʱһ
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С׶Ч
ҶС׵СԴȻǣ
С׵˵СԴȻһɲǼ䣬СһСУΧЩȫСӿ˹ȥʱСֻ۾ͻȻԲΪʱһĻҶС׵ǰ˿̣Ż
ҶҪ֣ȻСȴסҶСףСһЦֻСצһ̣תһȭ
䣡
һɿֲСȭͷ֮кˮһ㣬ƺޱȡ
飡
Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮УŻֱӱСһȭǽ¯¯֮ϣȻСײδ֣ͣһŻǰţһץסŻȻ͵¯֮ҡ
顭
¯֮ڣһ
һᣬҶСףͣˡ
Ϊ֣ǻԽԽˡϵڲϱСա
СͣȻתͷҶҶΪҪֹͣʱСȴսСצȻ˦˦СȭţתһȭŻıϡ
飡
ǻһ¯һܵĽӴ
ʱССצȻصҶԡ
Ҷ


2094 ʥˣ
⣡
Ҷȷʵ⣬û뵽ôˡȻһȫСס
ԼǰЦеСףҶЦЦ֪Լ֮ǰ͹СһˡСһʵҪǿ̫̫ˡ
ʵ͹С׵ʵСԼҲ֪Լʵ˺̶ֳȡ
ʵȫûиֻƾܣܴĹͻ򣬴򲻹ͻܡﶼ˵ġ
ҶС׻ص˺ɨһܡ
¯ڣռܴڽ¯ı֮ϣһصķӡЩӡ˿Ѿû˹âޱȡ֮⣬Ҷ˽⣡һУܳĽ⡣Ľƽûʢ˵ĸо
ҶĿǰԶŻ֮ϡ
˿̣ŻѾޱȡ
Ҷ룬Ȼһ£³֮뿪˵أ֮Σ
̶ֳ֮ȣ϶ģԷضܹĻ
Ƭ̣֮ƮҶǰȻ΢΢˵ͷ
Ҷһ֮ǲûȫγɰΪԷ˵Էûγ̵顣ҲҪӵԼǣǷǳǳ׵ġ
õ֮ͬ󣬽Ͳô鷳ˡ
Ҷ˳׳ֵһ̣ΧĽʱ궯գЩŽӿҶæ֮ҲǽΧ˹ȥ
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ҶһŮӱջĿ⣬ŮˣȻǽ䱸ģŮԵ޹ʵĴطضʲôĿĵġ
ջ˼ҶŶÿԺã
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ǧЩǿߵõѶϢʱЩ˶ʱܵˡ
ڵҶ԰˵Ȼввûô󣬶Ҷѽ黽ѵĻʱҶ԰вͲһˡ
Ҫֳֽ֪׵ԯۣǺεȵĿֲ
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һ̣϶ɳԼеľǵĿģɲΪҶҶûôð徫񾡳һΰ徫񾡳Ŀģ
ûѵĽ԰˵һߣΪò
ǣ֮֮⽣ͲǼˡ˭ܵõͿڰ֮ռλȻѾ֣ǣⲢǾ˽ˡ
УԽԽǿ˽֮أЩǰǿߣǣҲЩǰģһЩɢޡΣһ̣Ҷûעˡ
֣
ʱҶһϤתͷȥǱߣһӡӣʶش
磬ʶһˣİħĵ飬ھشЩ˶ѡȥϵЩˣΪڵ˭ϵܾܿͻԷ鷳
ʱشߵҶǰȻЦ˵ڻָ飬ȻҾ͸Ҽܹˣû뵽
ҶЦЦȻһ֪֪ܻΪ鷳
شһܣȻóһöʯͷҶĻУռʯҵһĶʹ֮ߣʹʥҲءʹ֮󣬼Ŀռ䷨밵֮нкܴտߡ
ҶһۻеĿռʯһůȻЦЦûõġ
ԣشֱҶֵҲû취ˣһˣǻܲսһսڣضʥˣԣֻܰˡ
ӣ
ʱһͻȻԶ𣬡ûˡλҶ֪⽣֮Ҷϵһ㣬ǲŪ⽣֮˺ȻѡҶλܾʹ
ʥȫҶ


2095 
еʥʮλһ̣Ҷܵʲôѹ
ʮλʥ˶һϵѹ
ҶԵľνơ
ʥˣ
Ҷ˵Ҳˣ
ȻĿⶼҶϣǣȴû˳ܼ֡򵥵ԭ˿ҶҲһˣɱضˣǿ߱ˣһʱû˳֡
˭Ҳֱ˱ˣ鷳Լ顣ϾǽɲҶϣɱҶ˵ûʲôô
Щˡ
ʱһɫ۵ͻȻ˳λǰôԴӵ𣿡
˾
ɫ۵ӵ˾
˿˾˾ЦλԴ˶Ӧе˿ɲʲôؿ֮λ飬Ͳպٱ֮ڣ˵ҪɱѣȻλǴﵽʥ˾ʱʣ棬˭ɱʮλʥ˾ѻҲɱɣ
˾Ļüͷ֪˾Ҷǵ֣ǣ˾˵Ļû
ڵİ壬ǸɱҶġǣҶɳȥʱҪɱҶֻ漶ǿ߳ˡ
ʱ˾Цλɱǣǧ棬ǻһ壬ھͿʼЩСžţպҪһһ
һְɣʱͻȻ˵
˾ɨһܣʥǵ˵ͷʾû塣
ʱ˾תԶҶЦҶҲֵˡôʥһ֣ӣǰ޹ˡ
Ҷһ˾ȻӲ˵
䣬Ҷ΢΢һսС
ӣ
ȻӲˡôʥ⣬ⶼߵĻЩʥˡȻӣǶҶ˵Ψսˡ
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ʱҶͻȻӾйᣬˬŪңɱˣַҪŪûʵɵˣ
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ʱһԵüͷĿ⣬Ҷɫϡ
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ΧһЩ峤ȻҲϳˣ׷׿˲Զ
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׵Ժͻˡ뿪ɣ뿪ǧ棬ԶԶġ
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ͻȻ˾Ļ֪ΪԸԯۣ
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ʱҶǰһֻСԴͻȻ˳СԴҿ˿Ŀǽ֮ϡܿ죬һ˳ţ˵Ŀ֮УСһɵ˽׵ǰȻһѱס˽ס

ʱһŭͻȻڳ𣬽ţһֱӳСһץ˹ȥ
ǿѹֱסСһ޷
ԶҶɫ䣬Ҫ֣ʱСͻȻǽǰһ
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ŵĿ֮УԶǳֵͻȻм˿Ѫһء
Сգգۣ˿ԼеĽףô
ͻȻ뵽ʲôת˾ţһֻСצŽһһĳ˾ȥ
һĻ˾ɫһ䣬㲻Ҫ
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2096 ң
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С׿Ҷɻ֮ɫ
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С׿˿еĽȻ˵СԴ˵Ŀ֮УС׸Ǳʧˡ
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ȻѡĲҶһ̣˶ΪѡҶ
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ɱ
ʱһԵ˾ͻȻڣλ˻˽ϿɣҵȲҽ˳˵Ҫɱ׾٣ǹ˽죬պͶ壬ԣѾһģ⽣ζվǱߡ룬λӦòպ⽣ζɣ
ʥһûпǣĿֱҶϣһ̣һεѹͻȻ˳С
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ᣬеǣŲȴó˶ͣ˳ǽŲԴȥһȹŮ
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ԶǰȹŮͻȻЦʵλͷ˵ûһˡ
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Ҷһ㲻ףϳ⵽͵Ϯǿ϶һʱ֪ģǡ
ŮЦ˵ҪĲ࣬Ϣ͹ˡϢܹ̫̫ˡղŪʵһǣ룬ˡΪҵˣѾˡ֮󣬰δмһϲ㡣
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ҶҡͷһЦŮ˵˵ûСУҶһˣ
ȹŮֵȻ֮鲻ôǣܸʲôÿжһױ׼֮ҲСң֪ҶƺûжɱˣҲûԵ޹ȥɱ˰ɣ
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˵꣬תȥ
ԭأֻʣҶһˡߵǽ¯ƬǰȻһУһͻȻֶȻ֮С

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ҶЦЦҲС֮ǴСߣкܴôġңкСܹ֮ô죬ʵܴһԭΪ
Сץ֮ܵ˺УֻʣҶһˡ
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ˣ
ҶĬ
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2097 ޱӣ
Ц䱸ĺǿ
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ҶŸĲͺˣͻʲô
ЦΣҲҵҵˣȥҿ˵ȥ𣿡
ҶĬãȻãȥ
΢΢ͷ˫ֽһӡɲǼ䣬Ҷ³һת˲ֱʧԭء

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֪˶ãҶоΧĿռͣ
Ҷ۾ɨһܣ˽£һɽҶһܣܣǸƵɽ塣
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ҶĴ壬ôԴУ𣿡
ЦȻģҲøˡ֮鵱ŰĴսʤʧˣʧ£û֪չʲô̶ȣĴҼɵԭ򡣡
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ȥʲôҶ⡣
ͳ
ӵÿһҵһˣȥҰݷһ£⣬һ֪ҵҴˣҲҵһһĴڶ㣬ȻҶһЩأδȥңζҵݣұ㲻ڶ㶯֡
˵⣬Ӷ˶٣ֵһ㣬Ǿչҵҵʵȥ֮󣬿϶ô̫ƽģҵҵңҵҲöԷôȻȥġҪǣǣȥ֮󣬻ҪŻ
Ż
ҶüͷȥҪΣգ
ͻȻһӣɲǼ䣬ҶǰһˮĻˮĻ֮Уһʬ塣
֪˭𣿡ʡ
Ҷҡҡͷ
ӵҵһλţҵ֮󣬶ԷԼʵ̫ţսʦ֣Ȼˣ
Ҷ
ӵҲһĴ֮ĽϾֻȰ壬ǵķʽԺгһЩǣҲġȥ֮漶ǿ߲֣ǣ£κʥ˶Զ֡
ǻȥҶæȥˣ𣿡
Ц֣ܶǣ׳ֵģϾҪӵˡҲһдд裬ҵұɱǸţ֮ԻҪԭԼȻȥҲֻΣգҲкôġ
ʲôôҶʡ
ЦܻͿȥҵҵʥأҵǿߵĵãһЩڰĴҵ֮ϲġ
ҶҲȥô
ӳĬãȻûȥҪ֤ԼΨˣҵҵ˲ŻϿ㡣
ҶǸʥˡ
ӵӵҳһ̣ʥ˾ͲˡҲڹɱ㡣
ҶЦұȥˡ
ӵھͳɡ
Ҷǲȥκһ壬ǡ
ӴҶĻ֪˼ҪףҵȻ޳ɱ¾ǣҵҲɱ¾ʱԻ壬ȥ壬˾Ƕ֣ٲ֡
Ҷû˵ʲôˣתȥ
ҶȥһͻȻԡ
ʦ֣Σӵ
΢΢ҡͷ츳Ȼ׿ʵҲû˵ǣĵҵҵĵϡ
ӵ֪ǣΪʦѡأ
˫ۻ˼ҵ⣬˭ܲµأ
гĬƬ̣һᣬͻȻ˵Ż𣿡
߳Ĭ

Ҷƶ֮УһƶϣԶʾͷҶĬ
ǲǾԼʱ޿̵ĶЩνĴУǲǾãԼĶǿ󣬶Ҫˣܺúûţ
ʱһͻȻҶ
Ҷתͷȥվһӣһޱӡ


2098 ϼ
ҶһޱӣȻ˭
ޱߵ˲Զ̧ͷ֪оԼܹ¶ȫ綼ΪСǣԼѡ·𣿡
ҶĬ
ޱӵߴ½ߵڣ·ʲô·ǿԼǰ壬壬Ĵң߱ʲôҪסЩãֻܿԼ֮ǰ˶˵ʲôұ㣬ǳû˼ֵǻһ㡣ʵûмֵˣף˭ۿ㣿
˵⣬ޱӳǰ˼֪Щ˺ܶࡣǣЩ飬Щˣòȥ
˭Ҷޱӣʡ
Ժͻ֪ˣ
ޱӣһδӰæ֮г㣬㣬ԼңΪ£ǣŵңеҵıӾͿԷˡˣµľ֮ģһǼܿµ顣֮⣬мҪ֪⣬Ҳ̫Ƕվҡվģһܻȥ

Ҷ˫΢УǰޱӾȻ֪
ߵĺܽʱޱͻȻ
ô⣿Ҷʡ
ޱ΢΢ҡͷǶ㣬û˵Ҫ˵û˽ģҲǲŵģҲ֮СԼСİɡڵǴǧҵʲôţ߶Ҫûʵڻҵʸûа
㾿˭Ҷ
ޱЦЦȻԺͻ֪ˡԼСİɣ
˵꣬ޱֱʧ˳С
ֻʣҶһˡ
ãҶҡҡͷȻ˺֮СҶҵСǱǰҶʲô
ǰȹŮԣ⽣϶ΪСײġ
׳ĬƬ̣Ȼ𣿡
Ҷҡҡͷ⵹ǣֻǲףʡ
׵ЩԼͿˡ
˵ֱ꣬ӻһʧҶǰ
ԭأҶĬãȻ뿪˺
ʵУҶɨһܣҽһֱʧʾͷ
ң
ȥҰݷðݷãΪԱңҲϤһЩ
һᣬҶ˱ڴܿ죬һӳҶǰ
㣡üͷ
ҶػȻʶġǰڱֵɲС
Ҷ˵ͷҪ˵ʱͻȻ߰ɣ粻ӭ㣡
ҶһӣȻ´ǰ磬ǱĴ֮ν˵꣬Ҷʼ磬Ȼתߡ
ţʱͻȻ
ȻҶûͣ¡˵ңһ̣ܹƽ߹ȻãҶҲҪµˡ
Ҷûͣ£ɫʱһ̣ҶǰסҶȥ·
Ҷô
ͣ£ӵû
ˣ
һͻȻڳ
飡
ͻȻӭһǧɿ⣡
ʱԶҶŽӣͣ¾ͣ£ˡֱԣϼ
Զ˫΢Уµģ
Ҷͣ˽ŲҲµģ˵ú˵һ˵ĿȻڣҿȥ𣿡
ӿҶãȻȻԣϣܻų
ҶЦһ߿ȻҾ߳㿴
˵꣬Ҷתֱӽ˱֮С
ԭأޱȵѿ
硣
Ҷˣ
Ϣܿʹ˱ҶȻǺϤģҶǺͷʹġڣҶֻˡ
ֻһΣҶԵҴ˵ݻġ
ô£
Ҫ֪ҵĴȥʱûܹġ
Ҷɱһǰǰ㣬ޱȡ
ȻΪ˻Ϊ˼һˣǸĪϣ
ڴǰҶĪϡ
ҶĪϲ⣬һҶȻǴģ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ī΢΢ͷǳˡϲ
Ҷҡҡͷûʲôֵùϲġ˵ţɨһܣÿԼ
⵹ʵ
ĪϵһңһǴģʲô뷨
Ҷ뷨ܼ򵥣˾ߡ
ûô򵥣Īϵ֪ҵһλȥʱûлŻȻ˵Ӱ첻ô󣬵ǣҿ϶ỹɫġ
ҶЦߣһߣߣǾս£֣֮Ѿ˽ᡣԣҪսҷ㵽ף
Īϵ˵ͷҿСҲͦ˳۵ģͶ˵䡣ʵǰ壬壬ĴңЩ˵ʵûҪ̫⡣򵥵˵㲻ҪЩĵˣΪиǿĵǰЩ˰µĶˡ
иǿĵˣҶüͷ
ĪͻȻϯضڵϻʮԲȦЩǴǧȥоĻͻ֣ᷢʵǶԴģΧһԴԴ˴ﶬ˳䣬˰ҹ㲻ã̫𣿡
ҶĬġ
Īֵ棬ޱȵأҲ޾໹δʱƬأѾ飬壬֮ǰЩ塣֮ǰЩ֮ǰʮ꣬ǰƬʲôأԼģĳģ
˵⣬ͻȻ΢΢һɲǼ䣬һˮ֮С
Ҷ⡣
ĪЦˮ֮Уϸ΢Щ˵ǶôС˵⣬Ī̧ͷʣڣҲϸСȻЩ֪ԼֻһϸСϸ𣿾ڵ࣬棬ǿϸ硣
ҶҡҡͷĪ˵̫ˡһǶһЩǣĿǰ˵ǹǰͺãʲôأʵûǸȥܰ
Ī΢΢һЦҲֻһ˵
ҶЦҶĪЩ档
ĪϵֻһͷӣרоһЩ߰飬ú档˶ҵİݷãǲô˳ףˣ
˵꣬תȥ
ԭأҶһĪϵıӰȻתȥ
ԶĪͻȻͣ˽Ųų޵вܵŮȽֻأ壬ʷ֮ʧûʱҪ˰


2099 սʥˣ
塣
ҶûмǱ棬ǼڱһλˣҲǺɡ
ɣ
ҶйԹģɱһСʦҹɱġڱ˳ȻǲҶȻ뿪ˡ
ںܣǿߣķ󣬻һȺӡЩˣǵҵš
ҶһۣȻҽǲܰȻȥˡ
ҶǰɵȻǴģȻҪддˡǱҿǺ뿴ҵĴ˵ʵģϣʧ
ʧ
ҶҡͷһЦʧġ
˵⣬ҶɨһܣȻֵȻѾǣϾҹҲ١ԡ
ԣ
ͻȻҶĻ죬㲻飬ĺʶʶҴ˵ʵ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˫̯㺫ɳأһһ£Сľͱˣ±һˣ
ҶĻ˲
ţ
ȻǸŵҶ
𣿡
ʱһͻȻһԴţһӻӴԼʮ꣬ıֱ䱳󣬱
ޣ
ң˶޽
ߵҶǰԶȻ˵ҶǴǧһһޣҺʶʶӦòܾɣ
Ҷһӣ˾Ǵܹò˵˲ˡ
Ҷû˵սС
һ̣˵Ŀ֮УҶͻȻӵͷת˲ս͵һ¡һ翪һ㣬ǿõΧɽΪ֮


һĻΧ˽Ϊ֮𾪡
ս֮µɫҲһ䣬ҶһǿЩ󡣲Ӧ˫΢΢һɲǼ䣬ͻȻ˳ȻֱӴҶս֮ϡ
꣡
߸һӴһڳ
ֱӶѿͬʱǿֱӽ˳ȥȻҶûа֣һֱӳӵǰȻǺ¡
𣡡
ʱͻȻӵŭţͻȻڼֻһ˲䣬ЩǽҶеսû
֮УҶɫ䣬˫ս͵һԭغɨ
䣡
һɨΧЩ˲𡣲˿̣Ѿǧɵľ롣
ҶҶƽԣ㾹Ȼó㻹ҪҪȻǲģҶս죬
ӵĻҶЦһɣƾ»õΪʲôã㲻Ҳ
䣬Ҷҽ͵һ塣
飡
ռһҶѾսӵǰȻ͵¡
ͫȻһҴ⣬˫ֽһӡɲǼ䣬һõľ޽ͷ޽ӲסҶһ޽Ҳ˲Ҷȴû֣ͣһתȻٴ͵һ¡
䣡
һͷľ޽˲ɢӱ˸ֱӳ󵹷˳ȥ
飡
ɳǧɺҽһСɽ֮У֪
Уž
Ҷûֱ֣ͣӳСɽ壬ʱԶǺͻȻס֣
ȻҶûģѾСɽ壬ҶȻûס֣ɫ˲Ҫ֣ʱԶСɽͻȻһĲҽޱȡһ̣ҶСɽ˳ҶУһѪܵͷ
ӵģ
Ҷ˸ϾɱΧǿɫǱޱиǺɱ⡣
ҶĿ
Ҷߵ˱ǿߵǰȻһӣѪܵͷ˺ɵǰЦˡҪǸᣬԥͷɣ˵ƣҲ֪˳޷ǾֵĸûϵҲֵĸ
˵⣬Ҷɨһܱˣд裬ʤֻֻҪ˸ҳд裬Ӿ͸ɱȻǲ뿪Ӿˣ
ǵд裬Ȼôλдʱ˾ǵ㵽ΪֹΪʲôΪԷûҪȻԷûɱҶȻҲȥɱԷڣҵǰĽд֮ɱġ
ʱȻ顣
ȻƢģҶӣԱ˵Ȼô˵ġ
һͻȻ˳߻ߵǰԶұȥʱܵǵʥ˵ġдҵĴȻҲúúдһ£Ųʧ㡭
Ҷ˰֣ߵĻƨͱ˵ˣҪԴСֱ˵Щûʵˡ
ǰߣʥ˾ǿߣ
΢΢ͷҲǣȻ˵ˣҲͲЩˡҿҶʵǿ˺̶ֳȣ
Ҷ˵ͷôãҲɱ٣ûɱʥˣһֱеźϣֲܹź
£ҶֱʧԭأٴγʱѾߵǰʱͻȻǰ΢΢һѹ
䣡
һǿ˲ǰĿռ֮𵴶⧲֮£Ҷֱӱ˳ȥһ̣ҶеսͻȻֶһ֧˲ߵǰ
䣡
ǿ˲佫سˣ˵ĹУҶͻȻսǰȻסս죬ţٴʧԭء

ǰλʥˣҶһֱֻһУǾһף
ּǿߣܶʱ򣬽ʲôģΪûʱȥšԽ򵥵ʽԽʵã
ȻҶս֣ǣҲǳصģҶճǰʱͻȻʧԭأɲǼ䣬ӰҶܣͬʱǿӡҶûȥ
Ҷʱ䣬ȻֵܹЩӰʵԣǣûǸʱ䡣Ҷֻ޲𹥻սΧ͵ؾһɨ
һɨҶֻ˿ռ䱻˺ѵ
Ҷɫʱһת˲оԼǰ޴ͻ
飡
Ҷֱӳź󷽵˳ȥ
ȻŹᣬУʮӰҶȥÿһӰ֮ռֱӱѿ
ԶҶ˫΢У֪һԼӲͲ군ˡԷԲˣ
Ҷһеսʧˡ
ȡ֮һɫĽ

һ̣ҶȥҶÿһ¶һ
ʱЩӰ
ʱҶͻȻ˫ŽԼǰ͵ؾһ塣
ɲǼ䡭


2100 ϸô
ҶһʱͻȻܣţҶλģͻȻ俪ڽļӳ£Щÿһʵʡֲǣһ˲䣬Ҷͷų˽
һУʵ޵н󣬲Ǹİ޵н
֮ǰ޵нȻҲǿǶʥ˵ûôˡˣҶ֮ǰİһ£ʵҲûиıʲôĵ㣬Ǹı˽
ﵽһ̶ʱǿԸǹģ
俪Щ˲ǽЩӰû
͡
һռ˺ѵڳ
Զɫѿ
˽û뵽ҶȻôǿһλʥ˶ò
ʥʥ֮µ˻кܴģ࣬ܶʱֲܹġ֮ǰȻҶʥ˽֣ǣǶֻ˵ڣۿˡ
ǰǺɫͳˮ֪ʲô
ʱԶЩͻȻ
ʱУͻȻһ⡣
䣡
һըͻȻڳ𣬽ţӰű˴˵ķ򵹷˳ȥ
ӰҶʥߡ
˭ˣ
ĿⶼԶˡ
ԶҶӵϣƣѪЩ֮ɫҲЩˡ
ԴԴϵҶ壬ˣ˿̵ûб
Ҷǧ⣬˿Ҳޱȵϣ鲼ˣһ̣߿һʥˣһнľˡ
˫ۻƬ̣ԶҶû뵽㵽
ʱԶҶͻȻһԾ˲ߵǰͬʱеս͵ؾһ¡ͬʱһɫĳͻȻߵȻߵĺ˹ȥ
ս
˫΢Уû뵽ҶȻҪ֣Ҫ֪˿̵Ҷǻ˰Ҷ
Ѿ̫࣬˫΢΢һɲǼ䣬ֱӻһӰʧԭأһΣûѡӲҶĽΪ˿̵ҲȫˣҶս죬ѾеԲˡ
˿̣Ҷûаֱ֣ٴγ߳˹ȥ
˻ˣ
ߴ˿ҲʶҶͼҲûѡˡΪȥֻ뱻Ȼѹƣ֮ûСԣҲѡƴ
Ѫս
ҶѪԽԽ࣬Ҷ˫۽Ѫ
ɱ⣡
ҶϵɱԽԽǿɱ⣬н⡣Ҷûз֣еս쾹ȻҲʼɺսΪ仯ҶûиܵȴǸܵˡ
ҶԽԽǿˣ
飡
ʱҶͻȻһҵӲײͷųǿֱõ˸һӴǷ˿ȻҶһֿûйԼڵķٴγ߳˹ȥΪͣ;Բڼսˣ
ƴ
ڵҲֻƴ
ƴף
䣡
Ȼ˸һӴһٴη˿˿̣˶ѾޱȣھͿ˭ܹŵȥˡ
ԶһۣнǴźε𾪡
ޱȵ𾪣
Ҷչֳʵĳǵ֮ǰֻǾҶȻܹʥ˿⣬ڣˡҶܹʥ˿⣬Ѿȫӵʥ˵ʵܻɱʥˡ
Զսڼ
飡
ʱҶǰͻȻӲǱʥһȭǣҶеĽȴҲֱӲ˶Էؿڴת˲ٴη˿һ̣Ҷٴγ߳˹ȥ
ݵĸо
Ҷڸ˵ĸо˶صˣǣֻҪͻȥ
ʵڱ˭ˡ
ͨ˴ܣݵһԶ̫ġ
˿̣ʥѾЩƣЩǷǳǳƣˡҶкţûкȻľ߳Ҷ̫֮࣬£ҶҲûʲôˡ˿̣˵սѾĽ˰Ȼ
Χûбʥּӹ̿ռĻΧʮ֮ڵĿռ䣬Ѿˡ
һʱ
飡
һԶսҶֱӳű˴˵ĺ󷽵˳ȥһɣ˸˽ͬʱ˵֮ϡ
˭Ӯˣ
Уж⡣
ԶһҲȻ˿˶ѾĽƣˡ
Ҷ˫۽ţ˿̵оԼȫѾԼˡ֮⣬ܵһ㣬ǾǷڣ˿̵оԼȫѪҺڷڡ
˯
˯
ҶͻȻ͵۾˿̣˫Ѫ죬ۿڣһƬѪ˲ϢҶͻȻˣ˵Ŀ֮УҶַڵϣȻ嶼ʼڶˡ
ˣ
ʱһͻȻڳ
ԶҶֳŵأվһߣʥ߻šԷȻûҲûлԣȴûվ
˵ע£Ҷ߹ȥξ뻹е㳤ģҶĿǰ״˵ǷǳĳҶߣ
Զûв֡
Ҳ֣ܲ
ǹأ
ȻûĹ涨ǱأҪأҲأǱضᱻҳЦ
⣡
ҶߵľԽԽˡ
˿ҶģЩҵģѾȫܶˣĹͷѾѳ飬˫ҲЩȳ˵ĺܲң
ǣվʥվ
壬ͬѰ
˵ɫѾǳѿˡһս˵Ұˡ±ʥվҲǱҰˡ
ҳʥҶд裬ʵѾеԴСˣҪǣԴСʧˡ
˿̣ҶʥŵλѾֻвˡ
ûʲôҲ޷ʲô
ЩأĲƣ٣Ҳơ
ԶǺɫޱȵ˲̫һ뵽ǣս֮Ҷľ֮ǰʥҶеһҶûȥڣҶȥˡ
ڽ˵ľû˿ǲֲġ
ѾԤϵҶǲԺʥҲɱҶˣ٣һλǾˡ
ڣ˵ע£Ҷߵߵǰ˿̣߻ţԷڿ
ʥȫͷȫѾڸղһս֮бҶ顣
ڣһͨ߶ܹɱˡ
սԼļ£
ͬһһһͻƣ
˵Ŀ֮УҶеĽߵü䣬ΪҶҪʹɱʱҶͻȻתͷԶǺɣϹΣҵǸϸҾͷһλʥˣô
ԣɫʱޱѿ


2101 Ϊᣡ
ϴǲϴ
Ǻٵһѡһѵѡ
ϴδ棿
ϴ
ʥ˵ɾҪûˡһɾҪȵˡȻҼǣʱ򣬱ұҪһ¶ģΪҶǵң
ˣں˵Ҷѡ񣬾ڹ
ԶҶһЦеĽǰ˵֣ɲǼ䣬ʥߵüһѪ飬Ѫ黺䡣
ҶЦɣ˵𣿻˵Ҳɱ
ҶǶˡҡ
ûȤƨ
ʱҶͻȻŭȵϢϢӼϴҾͰʥ˵Դһ
һ̣Ҷ־ҪʱԶĺͻȻҶҺɡ
ͣ
ʱҶĽѾߵԴֱӷ˳ȥ
һĻɫ˲Ǻɫ˷һѿ
һնɱʥԴҶ̧ͷʣҶһ̫̫ˡһ࣬һ١ǲʱңκսʱأҶӡǲʤֻ
˵ţеĽͻȻָԶĺɣϹ˰ɣˣ˰ɣ
˵꣬Ҷתߡ
֮䣬ΪҹԵʣԱʵûе⡣ϧǣԵĲҹ⺫ɣйڵĺɡǣ鷢չ
Ҷһһʧ˵С
ҶʧʱһͻȻ˳УӿһۣȻЦСʦ̫ᣬˣʲô֮λҪƽϡ
裡
ͻȻЦˣϲջһš
еЦЦȻ˵ɱһķлλĳȫߣȻһҪǴȥҵҰݷãҵһͷʹãλߣȫҵңڴˣҴҸлλ
˵꣬תֱʧʡ
ԭأɫޱȵѿ
Ҷûֱ뿪磬Ȼ뿪磬ڵȫˣ뿪磬Ҫиô˭ڱ磬͵ñ֤İȫǳôҵѲ˸ϵġ
Ҷɱһ壬߽˴֮УսһӾ˵ϡ
ڵһҲûˡ
Ľƣ
ղһսþȫˣȫ¼ڣѾûһõˡ
һսջҲܶ࣡
Ҷ˫ۣڣ޸Լڻ֮ǰߵս֮ǰʥ˵ĽʱԷ֮԰ܸܴһԭĴ򷨣ҪĴ򷨣ִ򷨣ԷԲҶк壬ԣԷĲ
ҲзԼȱ㡣
ǾսʶԸĲٿԶԷԶ磬ԷԶ֮ϡĴ򷨣õöԷּûзӳ̫ЧĻǸɲԷġ
һս֮Ҷ֣Ժܶණˡ
رǽ
ȻҲǣĺģղԷ֣ĸ̫̫ˡ
ʥ־磬ܹܹ֮֮ԪǣҶ֣ԼǸ
Ҫʲôǣ㶼ҪԼΪý飡νʵӸ˵壬ԣԼġ
ԣ壬ģȻлꡣЩԵķΧ
Ҷ˵һµķ֡
֪֮һҶŷ֣Լкܶܶ಻ĵطҲ˺֮ܶܶǰĶ
ʱһһȥҶں޸£ѾָĲࡣҶûǽС
ڣҶڵأɮ붨ܽᣬڵܽԼ֮ǰЩֱܹЩȫ壬Ȼգʵõһʵı仯
ʵС
ƶ֮УǺƶ֮ǲԶһߡ
ˣǱұ棡
ߵǰȻ߹һ
ŪˣͻȻ
ɳĬ
֪ӵȥʱҵɱвǣҪ˭
ɳû뵽ʵǿ̶ֳȣ
ǰû뵽ɳ̶ֳȣʵЩȣ˾Ȱ
ɵ滽Ѿʲô𣿡
΢΢ͷһΣȻȥұ棬ҪɨˡңҲұΪˣԡ
˵⣬üͷͻȻ̧ͷԶû뵽һλ֮ͣ
תͷһޱӻ
ˣüͷҪ˵ʱޱͻȻһȥ
£ҲʲôֻԶǺֱӱһǿǧɿ⡣
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ޱӲûйܺɣֱߵǱǰ˱ǰȻҶҵˣ
浭Ȼأ
ޱЦС֮䣬ô涼ûϵ治ˡһţ˵ľ㣬
˵⣬ޱ΢ƣҪҾңҿ㱣֤ҳ֮⣬˻ĸɸɾ
΢΢һЦ𣿡
ޱӺٺһЦûУû𣿡
˫΢Уޱã΢΢һЦû뵽ѧԺԺҶĺ̨ҵЩˣѧԺǲ׶ôѧԺʧ
ޱӵѧԺʧǺǣľˣ
üͷ΢塣
ޱվ棬˵ģΪЩҪҲ棬Ĵ涼ԡҶǣǼϣǳֶԸһŪû˺֮ǡ
˵⣬΢ƣЦЩˣҷԼ¡
˵꣬תȥ
ûͣȻֵûҾв֮ǣΪǸýǣס֮ԱǣƣΪҶţˣ˵һжû塣ʱҾǧΪᡣ
˵꣬һЦʧʡ


2102 ɱˣ
ޱӵȥ˳Ĭ
ڵأ֪ʲô
Ƭ̣Ǻߵ˱ǰ棬ѧԺԺ
΢΢ͷԭѧԺ꣬۲֪ΪʧȻѧԺԺͻˡ
ʧˣ
ĩҲ漶ǿߣ˭ܹϢʧ
ĴҶȥȻһ񡣶ڿۻϡޱӡ
˵⣬üͷ
ԷǺˣʡ
΢΢ҡͷѧԺԺ֮ĴȻȥӴЩأδֹСڣԷһΪҶҶ
Ҳ޷ɱ𣿡ͻȻʡ
濴һۺɣȻǣ޵У澳ǿ޵УǵʷǰЩҲͲʧʧûûˡ
ɵͷĬ
վԽԽˡҹұңҪһλҴҳˡ
ĻǺͷˣ֪ʲô
ֵڲ֮飬ʲôԹʲôڣ˽𣿡
΢΢ͷס
߿һۺɣȻ˫ۻ
ƶ֮Уֱİˡ

ɱһ塣
֮УڣҶɻڱչز
ڴ⣬Ī̧ͷһƶˣȻֿһ۴Ҷڵλãתȥ
ʱһһȥڣת۹ȥ˰ꡣ
ڼ䣬С㲻ʱҶڿۣҶûѣСһͻƲƲ죬ȻʧȥСһÿ춼ΣһΣһΣһΣüΣС׶̲סܵҶȥҶͣǸ˵ʲô氡
΢һ㣬Сߡ
ʱһһȥתֹȥ꣬ĳһϣСˡСһһҶǰϸ˿Ҷ۾Ҷû۾գգ۾ȻҡҡСԴҪתȥʱҶͻȻ۾
һĻС˫۾ʱԲ
ҶĿ֮Уһ˿ãȻһ˿ɣ
ʱСͻȻСצҶҶ˫۶ʱָ
ҶһСףȻЦСףþò
СһЦԴ˲Ҷ°͡
ҶɨһܣȻҡͷһЦһΣʵ̫̫ˡһʼֻǲԼһЩԽԽҲԽԽ࣬һΣһһ꣡
ȻջҲǷǳǳģȣѾС˴
һ׵˵ʵкܴġʥ֮䣬ֻһ֮ңһԱ˵ܻ֮𣬵ǶҶ˵ʥ֮Ĳ࣬ľֻһˡڵһλʥˣȫ壬Ӧ˵Ѿкܴܹսʤʥˣ֮ǰ
˾֮⣬˻һ

֮ǰ֮ԲʵڲԼĽνĲ˵򵥵룬Լȱ㣬˵ŵ㣬һпԣ
Ҷջ˼С˺һ硣
Ҷ΢΢һ֮УͻȻһ

еĽƬ̣Ҷ΢ͬʱ˫ۻãҶͻȻЦЩĽӿʼļ򵥵ӣȻִӸӵ򵥣һһ̣ÿһι̶һµĲΡһΣĽӼ򵥱˸ӣ
֮ǰĽǽĽڣãľǽ
ʥ˵ǿ֮ʲôط
ڶԷܹ֮֮ʥ֮µǿߣֻܽ裬֮ʥ˲ͬǲǽ裬֮
Ҷѡ
ٴγҶУһ̣ǶƯҶǰɲǼ䣬һͬʱΧ˲۽֮С
ռ֮ԼҶյ
ҶĿĺܼ򵥣ǾǽѧĶȫΪһ㣬ڵ⽣֮ϡ
ǿڣ
ڼһ˵ҪԼܹõȫΪһ㣬ڵϡġӡ
Ҫһ̡
ңļ򵥣ǣЩˡ
СѾҶԶԶġ
ʱһһȥҶǰĽԽԽǿˡ
ͻȻҶָһ㣬ǽϡ
ˣ
һҶǰĶֱӻһ㽣ʧʡ
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ϸҶֻܿһ㣬⡣
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һ㽣֮У̺˼ֲ
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ãζƬЩܲס
ȻҶȴҡҡͷ
䣬˫ۻһȻǳֲǣûдﵽԤڡӦÿԸǿġҪ֪һѧǺĶ࣬رǲѷɫģڣѾ뵽˽֮УҲǣ
ԣһӦøǿġ
Ըǿ
Ҷ΢ǶٴγҶǰ
Ҷһ˫ֻɲǼ䣬ǰǱٴβʱһɫСͻȻҶǰת˲һֲĽֱǧɿ⡣
Ҷ
С֣֣ʱСͻȻǰȻסС
ԶĺҶЩΣղˣڣǲܹġղһѾеˡ
ڣС׵Ȱ£û׷ˡȥʱƮҶͷתתȻھˡ
СҶǰСצ̯̯
ҶҡͷһЦС׵СԴȻлˣ
ûСף¾ͲǱ棬Ҫһˡ
СһЦɵҶϣԴ˲Ҷ
ʱҶû뿪С档Сһһʱ䣡
Ҷ뿪˺
ճҶĪϡ
ʲô𣿡Ҷʡڱ飬ûˣ֪ɱһġ
Ī΢΢ҡͷûж
Ҷ˵ͷȻĪϣһ𣬲֪ʱܼˡǺˣлչˣ
˵꣬ҶĪϱ˱ȭȻȥ
һȥģĪͻȻһ䡣
ҶЦңܾǰȥˣ
Īϵǲߣ
ҶЦЦҴȱΪΪҵģ
ǲᣡĪϵ
Ҷ΢΢ͷû£պгɣɱ֣
˵꣬Ҷͣתʧʡ


2103 ȥԵ
Ҷ뿪һ̣˲Ϊ֮һ
Ҷû뿪飬Ȼ֪ġҶܹɱʥ˵ţȻǲȥˡȻʥǿߣһиǿʥˣǣǲɳˡ
ڳʥˣǾеˡ
ңûеһĵز
ڣҶ뿪Ǹһˡ
Ҷ뿪ڱڴӣҲǱػߡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʧˣһųˣ
˵ֱ꣬ƹǱػߣʧʾͷ
һվң
Ҷûֱȥңʷǰż
˵ݷҵ飬ôҲûʱƣҪԼʵ
һΣʷǰżһЩ顣
Ҷż֮УǸײġ
ϲ
ײڣһﵽʵҲﵽһµĳ̶ȡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷǰУʵһ㶼
ˣ
ȻǣҲûǰǿ󡣡
ҶЦЦȻҾͲĨˡһǰǰֽô֪֮ǰɷͽ̣
ǰ˶ã˵Ǻֲܿڶһ㣬е㱡͵´һ޷õ󻯣
˳Ĭ˺һᣬȻѾˡ
ʲô˼Ҷ⡣
˵˵Ǳ޾ģǣȴ޵ġǵ޷ʱʱǵѧᡮ衯ָܹõô裬ôãһ⡣
˵⣬˶˶٣Ȼֵʵܹ֮ǣ

Ҷ뵽СףС̣
ҶиոֳͷǱˡСһϲľԼԼܶʱǳڱԼ
˵ǣˣŻҪԷʱ֪ҪԷġ֮Ҳǳڱܣ˵ôõģ϶һµġ
ʱֵ嵱Ϊô֮һЩԣ֮ⷽ棬Щĵõġ
Ҷһǹײģǰ
˵Уڵ㣬ԸĻȴӦңδãܹһæ
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˵˵Ҳ壬֮ʱǾΪѣԲΣ
ҶЦûɾܾ𣿡
˵Ǿô˵ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷã
˵飬Ҫ֮ͱѧᡮ顯ν顯ǡǿнԸ㣬кܴġǱҪ顯Ѷȣǣ˵ѣ㣬ΪλİҪ飬һ򵥵飡
Сף
ҶҸô
û˵ʱҶǰľͻȻһãܿ죬ҶһƬãã֮С
Ƭ磬п磬б꣬׵磬кХ֮һдȻЩּǿ˵ʵôֲȻҪľôȥЩЩ뵽ԼĽ֮УԼĽõ󻯣
˵ָҶʷǰ˵Խľˡ
ϵͳ
ʷǰǶЩÿһһױ׼ķⷽڣѧᣬֻʱ⡣ǱˣܻѧܾãǣҶôãΪΣΪСߣЩһ㶼ųС׳ֵһ̣ΧЩ
һΣҶ˵С׵ĸ
ʱһһȥ˵ָ£С׵ĸ£Ҷ֮ÿ˵ͻͽҶС׵ĳɳҲǾ޴ġ
ڵһǿ߶ɱԣڵȫеɱһλǿߵʵ
˵˵СԸĻڵֻҪȫʥ˾ǿ߲ġϧǣСһﲻԸһҪΪҶڣҶ棬ԣԸǵһץġ
һʱȥ˵ָ£Ҷ˴˿ڵⶼһʵɱ䡣
ǻãã֮УҶһʯϣǰǶ
Ҷ˫΢գ붨
ҶϣСҲ˫΢΢ţѧҶģʱʱһֻ͵͵һҶ
֪˶ãҶͻȻ۾۾һ˲ǰǱͻȻһһ̣һֱʧʾͷ
䣡
ʲôը˿
Ƭõˣ
УҶ۾
ʱ˵һ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲûԣ
˵ǲһЩЩܹյģҪһɳḶ́
ҶЦлָ㡣
˵ģ⣬һ꣬һ츲صı仯㡭ˡֱԣеû츳ֻȵģ
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Ҷû˵С׾ѾСצǹײİ˰ڡ
ܾ
ǳϵľܾ
СֿҶʾ
طһ㶼棡
ҶЦЦȻǹײģĺ⣬С׶ˡǣҲˣҡ
˵˲ܹһλճ㣬֮Уûܹ
ҶС׵СԴȻЦЦţǹײģǰΣԺ󾭳һȻǰָָҲָָң
˵ԣ
ԷûоܾҶȻǸ˵ģʷǰˣ֪ԷʵΣǣǺǿԷԸָС˵һǳǳõ顣
С׵ںǿʲôģĲ⣬Ҫġ
Ҷǹײı˱ȭлˡǰһҪȸˣ
˵꣬ҶСתߡ
Сתͷһǹײģתתڴʲô⡣ʱҶͻȻСԴȻһۡ
СһתҶ֪Ҫɶ
ССצָָǹײģȻգգۡ
Ǳ
˼
ҶٴһԴҲ룬֪֪
ССצֱȻһ£ʾǱ
ҶС׵СԴȥĵطô
С۾һʾʣ
Ҷ΢ƣȥң˵ǰͺ¿ܶ࣬ȥԵ
ң


2104 ޣ
һΣĿľǷң
Ҷ뿪ʷǰżããǿ֮С
λڷ磬ڴ硣
ֵطʥأڴǧ֮ڶٳĿռ䣬Ƭռܣǿ󷨱ҪǿϮͻƿռݽУҲֻ漶ǿܹ
Ҷȫġ
ˣҶ硣
ΪеҸĴǧͼԼĴҵλãԣҶܿҵ˷ڵλáЩǣھȻһֻء
ԷȻûǣҶѾܵ˶ԷϢ
ҶɨһܣȻңǰݷ÷ң
ʱҶȻֹΪһɿֲϢͻȻסȫͬʱһֻצͻȻƶ֮̽˳Ȼ͵سҶλȥ
һģɽ£ޱȣ
Ҷ˫΢Уڣɱ֡
ˣ
һͻȻڳ쳹𣬽ţһ㽣
䣡
ƶ֮УֻצͻȻըѿͬʱҶǰԶһɽ֮дһŭ
ҶǷһĨ⣬ת˲ֱʧԭأԶ
ͣ
ɽͻȻ˿
ҶҪѿĴɽ֮ʱһ˴ͻȻײ˳
䣡
һߵɽȻ𡣶˿̣ҶصԭءԶǰһͷߴɵľޡ
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Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻҶǰҡ
Ҷ˵⣬ͻȻȻֹ
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һУضܹǾͷٳһѪۡǾȻҲ֪һ㣬³һ㿪һȻԴһȴûܹǽֱǾ޵ļ֮ϡ
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Ҷδͣ£һֻǾ޵ܲĲһѪǾȫ
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ҶôһһĥһᣬеѾ˵Ѫɺˡ
ͷޣϢѾԽԽˡ
ȥᱻҶĥ
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ˣ
һҶǾ޵ǰʱһͻȻԶʩ飡
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Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻҸɣ
ɮ˫ֺʮҶ΢΢һ񣬡ʩԣһʤ߼ȻޣҲһʩǿϷһҲһ󹦵¡
ҶղҪɱҵģɱӦ𣿡
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𣡡
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ʱҶͻȻӹһ㣬𣿡
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ɮ˫ֺʮҶ΢΢һȻתȥ
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ڣڷһǷҵ档
ҶһǷ棬Ȼ˫ֺʮ΢΢һȻߵһԣ

ҶȻҪ
ҶڵϣȻ˫ۻ

ڵһʱ䶼ԸΪʷǰżǻõ֪ʶûȫգ֮Ĳٿأľȹ̡
ЩҪȥȶ
ڣÿСϣΪʷǰԣСĲӦֻǻȣСһ츳ɲһܹȵģܹǰ;Ŀ˵ǰ;
Сһǲܵ飬ҶһǻǿģȻҲֻһᣬһᡣ
С㲻ʼįҲҶ
Ȼ飬õҶޱɻˡ
Ϊ޷
ǰҶС֣ãҡҡͷܣھȻûеôܡܵ鰡
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գգۣΪʲôҪеأ
仰Ҷʱסˡ
ûе
һ̣Ҷ뵽һ㡣
ûУܶʱûСҲпǡޣ
ûƵޣ


2105 ݣ

ҶȷԿ϶ǣСŮޣĲһ㡣
һ鶼ɵСŮ
Ȼ˿̣ĹϵѾܺãУС׵ĹͿɲС
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СǰȻ˻Сצ
һԣҶЦС˵ûȻ㲻Ҹᱣ㣬ڣû˭ܹ㡣
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ܶʱһСһŰֽôдδͿܱʲôʱ㣬ѾС״ĲҲֻˡ
ڣʮ
Ҷڵʮһʱ뿪˺Ϊ˿̣һλˡ
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ǺߵҶǰҶ΢΢һȻҶǰʩСɮԣǰʩֽֽ̡
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΢΢ĬȻʩɱ̫ʢ²һ¡
ҶЦԴʦûɱˣ
Ե˵ͷȻеģǸɱ֮ˡɱǣСɮûаΡ
Ҷʼ磬Ȼ˵ɱЩҲǸɱ֮ˣɱǣ˵ҲûаΡԣ֮䣬вͬ𣿡
ԿһҶȻʩȻƵǽıԣʩǷǾʤĺأ
ҶЦνġ
΢΢ͷʩǽޣǡãҲԽо죬ǾͱȱȽΣ
ǽ𣿡Ҷ
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ҶˣǾͲ˷ʱˡɣ
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ǹɽ˲ɢҶһָѾԵü䡣
˫΢УָֽһȻ˻һ⳯룬Ȼ̣ȴպöҶһָ
ԿһҶȻԵ棬
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ݣҶǿΪ֮ôݡСʱľƱۣˣģǲ̫ᣬ˲۸ˣǣǸ۸ˡΪʲôΪ˺۸ԣǸʱѧһ£˲ݣվȣ
ҶԵǰһһԷȥÿһǴҪԼûѡ£ҲҷҶչҵĽⲫ
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ٴαײǽϣҶһûڸԻᣬҽ͵һ壬洫ҶֱײԵϡ
飡
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Ϊǽ𲧵ԵʣȻ˵ǿ󣬵ǣȴûиʲôƻսڳڵҶýȭͷӦȫ
ֻҪⲫȫ
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飡
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Ҷûɱ֣ˣԻšĽѾҶˡ
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ɮ˫ֺʮҶ΢΢һ񣬡лʩ飡
ƽľҶʹɱ֣Ҳûֹġ
ǹأĴ֮Ĺأ
Ҷ΢΢ͷʦҿ𣿡
ǲܣɮ˵
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ҶȷʵЩԹţô˽᣿
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ˣҶҡͷһЦȻһ˷֮Уô˳
ջ˼ҶɮˣԸ⣬ǳԸ⡣һΣֻսݡ
ݣ


2106 ʧ
ݣ
һΣҶ뷨Ҳܼ򵥣ŪңȻҪŪ㣡
ɮ˿ҶãȻ˵ͷʩԸ
Ż䣬һͿɮ˳ҶǰԶɮˣЩ˿һַǳ׺ĸо
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ɮ˳ֺɮ˱ȥͬʱеĳͻȻһá
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ҶЦЦ˵ңҲ벻ĵطˡڴǧ棬ΪԵʣκһط̫ƽ
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˪˭ȻǶ֪ģǣԼ¶ĻǸҲ壬ңԼʵǲȥӲģ˵ҪҵСס
ҶüͷҪ˵ʱ˪ǰĿռ΢΢˲һᣬ˪̧ͷҶҲʧڣѾʼڷСף鷳ˣ


2107 Ĳݣ
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ССԴתתȻҶ
ڵСףǰ¶ˡȻǺ˪Ļǣ֪鷳ˡ
ҶС׵СԴȻЦû£
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Ҷ΢΢ҡͷҪ˵ʲôʱ˪ɫͻȻһ䣬Ȼߣ
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˵⣬ɨһ۳ˣ֪֮䶼дССĶԹǣλҲˣӦף˿ǲ֣ǰ帲һ̣ЩԹԣڱи֮ĶԹһ¶⡣Ĵңǿסˣǰ壬ֻܿԼλ𣿡
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һᣬһվ˳˾˵ģȻףǣҸ˾ãǲһЩ磬һЩǰƴƴеȴںСָ̣ΣϷ£ЩھҪ˵ŪףȻպܾΪһС¶ˣ
˾һߣԼǣǱҪһأҲҪиͷģͷģλһѡѡˣ֮ȫϴ˵ÿһȻǻһţžÿһ峤һ˲ͷģͿλλΣ
Уһۣգû顣
˾΢΢һЦôڣѡͷİɡ
ѡٿʼ
һʱѡٵĽѾˡ
ͷģ
ΪĿǰʵڰ֮У˵ǿġ
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վ˳ɨһܣȻҾͲ˵ˡڣȥң죬ҲҶҰĲݡ
Ĳݣ
У죡


2108 һƨ
һλ飬õðšһɡ
Ȼ֮ǰѾˣǸʱ򣬰֮Ǹˣʵ˵ʵʱĸ壬һЩ룬磬岻鷳
ڣһϵоٶõףǲݵġ
壬һΣԻǡ
ǣǧһҪƱˡ
һεĻ飬ȷˡˡһԶģʮ꣬ʮͻỻˡˣǧ档
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ʮλʥˣ
ȻǰǣʵЩֲˡΪǵңҲʮλʥ˶ѡ
ڴһŵ۵˳
ˣǵҶҵλˣԷڵž֮ŵڰˣ衣
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Ī˵Цɣ
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ͻȻҡҡͷҶй£Ӧ֪ɣ
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ʾӣôҪңҪ壿
Ҫ˵ʱһԵ˾ҲͻȻ˿Ҳݻپеκβŵ壡
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ˣ
ǿܾǱ尡
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˿̣ڵ˵Ҳһ鷳¡ǰҪƵģȻ壬ǣֻҡңʱǵʤҲǲʤȻû漶ǿߣǣ˶࣬ңһҪڰ֮ݣԴռ֮
һԵңٺһ
ǣҪҶ
ҶǵѰĴˣû˭ȨҶȻˣ

Ҷ߽һڣˣһˣǵ裬һӡ
λǵҵʦ֡
Ҷӣ΢΢ͷλʦ֡
ǵҵһۣǵʦ˼ҲƬ棬ڵҵ¶Ҳ֪顣㣬Ū𣿡
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Ҷʦô룿ǽҽȥ𣿡
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أ
ҶЦҲ֪Ҳ֪ĿǰĴԣ뿪ңȥȻҵҵ鷳
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˵꣬Ҷתߣ


2109 Ҷˣ˭ܣ
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һ̣ͬʱ˳Ĭ
ҶߣζŵҪҪ൱Ҫѣʱ򣬵ҲЩ֮УҲѣ
ΪҶѣֵã
ҰҶȥǶԵ˵ӰҲǾԲõġ
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ʱԵǵҵͻȻ
΢΢ҡͷӦǵѴڵֻңң滹һ塣ܵĸһЩɣ
˵ţԶĵ衣
ʦ֣ȥܻ֮ܲһ죬һ⣡
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Ҷ֮䣬ʵûνʲôʦֵ֡Ҷ·ҵСʦܣʵǲûжٸ飬ԭܼ򵥣ΪڵУҶһࡣ
һͻȻҵ࣬Ҷ˸Ǻ棬ΪλͻȻһӣ
ܵ˵Ե˵ҶȥĿǰõĽ취

Ҷ뿪ɨһܣȻЦЦҪȥʱǵǰ
Թʡ
ҶҡҡͷûԹޣΪҴһʼͶԵûб̫ϣҲϣڱϡңҲûǸΪҶʲô
迴һҶȻһε飬ЩأֶΣ̫ݡǰѰ˾ڵİ壬Ƿ蹷˭ҧһڡڣҲܾⳡ֮Уڲܾ룬Ϊʦ˼Ҳûڴǧ棬ھ룬һŪãҶΣգ
ҶЦס
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迴壬ȴûм˵ȥˡ

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ҶֵңҲûǸȥԿ塣У˵ģǵ֮Уһһ޶Ĵ󻵵УǸġ
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ֮飬˵ģԸңҺܸˣΪڣʥ˶˵ôɱôɱˡǣԸңҲʧܵ˵Ƕ԰̬Σǣϣܹþۺɢ
ʱСͻȻ˳С׷ɵҶļϣȻСԴҶգŽ֮飬һΣûȥ֮顣
Ѿ̬ΣվҶߡ
ҶС׵СԴ㣬˵͵ǵٺ٣Ȼ͵ǵǶԲԼߣȥ壬ǧ档
˵⣬Ҷ̧ͷʣ屻Ƽ˻ҧˣұƼˣҪŴһᡣߣȥ
˵꣬ҶСֱʧԶããɽ֮С
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2110 ģ
ޱӿһ۽ףȻΪѡ
Ǻˣ֮鷴ʡ
ޱӵ㲻Ҫֻ֪Ǻ棬ΪλѡԳʡ
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˵⣬תͷһʾͷ˸ӣ²ôµǲС
˵ֱ꣬ʧʡ

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2111 ˣ
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ҩڶ˭˵
˲ʱͻȻ峤ɫ˲䡣
ҩ𣿡


2113 飡
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˺񶼿ʲôµһ㣡
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˲ʮϢͻȻҶ˫Բôܡôܡ


2119 ڤ
ǹĻ֮УԭƽϿգͻȻһ޴ĺƣת˲һŮл˳
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Ů˵ͷȷʵˣ߰ɣ
ܿ죬ȥ

Ҷ뿪սֱ֮塣ȻѾӦ棬Ҫ쵽ңԷҲǷǳģѾܹܵԼȻķĳЩ仯仯˵϶Ǻµġ
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ʱһͻȻҲ˽⵽ԺӡּҵЩүϲ飬ϲϰ䣬ˣԺ֮Уֻһѧϰ


2120 ڤŮ
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΢΢ͷΣЩּûйϵˡּҵķϣУıڵܵĸһЩȻһһڵĴһΪּҵĽ㣬»ỵľ
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ҶǴˣЩϷûʲô˼ˡ
ĬãȻһ̾ҲЩˡʦҽȥ⣬Ҳֻ̫˵ԸȥԸ⸶۱㣬ֻҪȥ
ҶĬƬ̣ȻЦڲȥˣ
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˵꣬Ҷתߡ
ҶǵüͷҶҵҲǷҪ㲻ɣ
֮ǣԼ̫¡ȻҶõЩˬˡôҲ֮ӣҲʥˣҶǴ
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ҶңҾ㣬ҺãҾͶãǣ˰ҶϣҶǲöԷܵġ
ȥ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ǣֵԷŻȥġ
ûֵʱߣֵʱأҶʲôˣ
Ҷû裬תߡ
軹˵ʲôʱϾͻȻ˵ǰüͷ΢壬Ҫ˵ʱϾͻȻ̧һţһֱ˵Դ
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һĨâֽճȭȻһȭ˰ϾĽš
ȻȭͷҪӴϾĽʱϾĽͻȻ΢΢һƫһϸ΢ĶõǵɫȻһ䡣
飡
һǵֱӳź˰ɵľ룬ȻʱϾͻȻǵǰһ̣Ͼҽ͵϶¾һѹ
飡
һѹٴνǵɵľ롣
δϾһǵ֮ҽų΢΢ƣȻֽճȭ΢΢䣬һ̣ϾͻȻһתȻȭͷŲԶǵվһ䡣
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Ϣһлָ
貢ûԶİϾһĨѪ֮⣬ڣѾѿ
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˿̵еѾԸӡǰŮӣֻǴǣղŽ֣ԼȻѹƣֵĻᶼûСȻŮóȻ֣һֲǣǰλֻǴ裬ʥˣʵʥˣ
ϾԼǰЩҵ·Ȼǵ裬ҪȻҴ㣡
˵꣬Ͼתߡ
ϾǵɫѿôҶҪҵΪУ
ΪУ
Ͼתǵ裬ΪоΪУ
裺


2125 Ӳ
ò˵˿̵ĵ裬ɫѿ˼㣡

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ˡǵǿˣ
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΢΢ҡͷһˣѾסˡǼʦֵܣԸ񶼲̫Уֵطȥ
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ĩʱ٣Ϊıû֮һ
ҶϵֺãˣڱصáΪУ԰˵һѡ
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2126 ɱ֤
Ҷ֮Уŷ
ε׷ɱõҶĻˡ
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֮ǰҶûӦҲ޷ӦΪǸʱʵڣȻʵڰ˵ǲǣлӦˡ
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·ѾΪӳǣ˾ɫͳˮ֪ʲô
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ʱ˾ͻȻλҲ˴ӵĿֲǱ츳Ϊ˵ͻͽһڳǵǰǶΪꡣҽ飬λøһͬɱӣ
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2127 ܻ
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2128 򲻴
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˾ڼʱҶҲһɫ

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һĻԶձ˫۶ʱ΢Ŀ˰ϾϣУһĨء
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2129 ػߣ
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2132 棡
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Ц˵еˡ飬֪ˣûʲôôһ㣬һ¡
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˵ͷȻҲǰȥһѹռڶһҵҵģһģʱһߣǴһߣԡȻЩǺ󻰣ڶûͨ·һδ֪
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Ǿֻܻĺڶ̽ȫûУǾû취ˡʱֻܾĩʱ٣Ȼĩʱˡ

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˵⣬ҡҡͷһ壬ҽӴ֪ʲô
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΢΢һЦУҪС֪Ҷڴ⡣Ϊû˺·ϣ
أҶЦʵ
ЦʱҪæܾ𣿡
ҶЦЦûлش
жֻҪڲ˺С׵£ȻǲܾġңǾͲˡ
׼ãǰѰҡ
˵꣬һӣжʱָ
⣬붡ҩҲָɨһܣһҶ棿
Ҷ˵ͷ
˵ʲôԥջû˵һҶԵ˪λǣ
ҶЦѣԺңǰա
һˣȻףµ˵ͷЦȻ
˵꣬תȥ
λ˪ʡ
Ҷ˵ͷ
Ϊ޾ڶ飿˪ʡ
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Ҷң壬а壬ڸԼҺ·ѡԿĩʱȻǸĩʱѶԿԣҲԼиһ·
һ˵ĻӦʲô°ɣ˪ͻȻ
һˣ
ҶЦһˡ
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Ȼһˣ޾ûκǣңǣⲻҪġڣˣӣŮСףѡ
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ջ˼Ҷ˪ţӦܹܿʵȨЩʥˣҪصģϾʥˡ
˪Ҷһۣ㵱Ǳ𣿡
ҶЦЦ˪һ뿪ʥء˽磬뿪˽磬ͱӸ
һŭȵκ˲뿪˽磬Υߣɱ⣡
ͣ
£Դֱӷ˳ȥ
ֱӴԭء
ҶˣȥҶʵһ㣬ȻԴ벱ӷֿĸо


2133 ԭʥô
˵꣬ɨһܣȻ̧־һն
ͣ
һͻȻƿն𣬲Զ
ͣ
Զռ֮УԴͻȻ˳ȥ
ЩǰǿߣΧ࣬ǿ߳ȥϧǣǲ֪ǰ˭Ȼǿ϶һʱ뿪ġ
Ҷһնɱλǿߺ󣬲δͣһһʧʾͷ
ڶ˵治ʥ˸κβʥ£һɱ
硣
Ҷһ˵ңһΣĲǵ裬һŵ۵Ůӡ

ŮӿһҶȻ֮Уʦ㣡
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻأ
ԵˣûκκøС
ȴȥһطɣ
˵꣬תȥ
Ҷȥܿ죬ŵҶһǰϷ֣ټҸ
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ҵղأ棬ղ˰ټҵѧ䣬нȭɱֵ棬ܶ඼ռнȥ޾ڶޱȣȽȥκһң㶼Ȩۿ
˵⣬һҶģҵʷ֮һ
ټѧ䣡
ԣҶɫЩû´ĽġİǷǳġ
ڣܹհټѧʱĽõȫԼĽսʵӦ˵ʵõ
Ҷջ˼Ȼǰȥ
ʱȴסֻһ˽ȥ
ҶüͷҲһˣ
ŮӾڰɣ
ʱϾͻȻҶԣŮӿϾϾҲҪȥ
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˵꣬ŰϾתߡ
ߵһ㶼ԥ
һȥ޾ڶȥģӦȥӣ
ʱһ߳Ҷ밲Ͼǰǵ塣
忴һҶ밲ϾȻǶԽȥ
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䣬һӣеĳһãս֮С
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䣡
һŸ£ǵڵĿռ˲
һĻһԵĵüͷϾʵе㳬Ԥϡ
Ŀռ֮УϾɹ˵ڱϾǵʱоˡȻϾ̧ϥǶǵԴһһ쵽£޷ֻӲֻƣУˮơ̧һƣһֱ˰Ͼϥϡ
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ֱӱس˰ɵľ룬ϾȻҲˣܿͣȻһٴγ˵ǰţ̧ҽ͵ضǵԴһǱȡ
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ڰϾʧһ˲ٴαɡ
еսϾȨǵֱӱϾѹŴ򣬺üζԷҪ밲Ͼ룬ȻϾδԷᣬһֱŶԷѹŶԷ
Զ˵ɫЩѿ
ʥ˾ⰲϾֻǴǴ˿̣ʥ˵ȴǱѹŴѹơ


һԵҶҡҡͷһϾǼһˡӵʥ˾밲ϾĶû˿ʤ㣬ҲֻŽ밲ϾⲫӮϣ⻹ǵÿΪѡĴ
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ɫЩͻȻǾһɲǼ䣬һɫ˲бԶϾ֮䱻ɹɳȥδǵǰľͻȻ˰ϾͷɲǼ䣬ɫ׵ɽȻŰϾȥ
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·ϾͻȻ̧ͷһ̣սУת˲սǾ͵ؾһ
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սֱӺ澵ӡ
˵Ŀ֮УЩ׵˲䱻һǿ˺ѷ飬ͬʱ澵Ҳս˸飡

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ͣ
Ͼ;֮ռ䱻ǿ˺ѷ顣
Сģ
ԶͻȻڣս죡
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ǵֱӱһ⣡
һͣбھѪϾûڳ֣ս쿴һǵԭʥô
ˣ


2134 Ϊʲôϲɱˣ
ԭʥô
仰һеʥɫʱÿˡϾ仰ȻԵǣҲ˵ǡȻ仰ĺܲǣʥû˵ʲô
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ղŵսȻϾǣ˫ûñʱ򣬰ϾռϷġɴ˿ԿⰲϾʵǺεȵĿֲ
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ԶϾ˵Ǿ仰ֱӻصҶԣȻ߰ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ밲Ͼˣ˰ټҸ
ԭأʥĬ
һᣬ˵ǰû°ɣ
΢΢ҡͷû˵
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ŮӣӦþǴѧԺǸϾԷѾ۴У⣬Ǵǧһ񣬱˵㣬Ҷû˿ʤ㡣ﵽʥ˾ȫĶ֡

ͫ΢ֵĺɲһ㡣νʲôÿһǿɶǹھţ޵е֣
תͷԶټҸŮһܵȻԩ
ȻһµľǵԼţǼ⣬ԼܸһȻ벻ͨԼľڣȻѾͻ
תͷǰټҸ󣬡ЩѧʵǻĸӿֲҶ˵֡
˾Ȼ֪ġ
˾ǱһһŮɱġ壬ڶҶ壬һԭǾǼɵҶ밲Ͼ֣֮Уûκһܹ֮⣡
ãҡҡͷ߰ɣ
ܿ죬еȥ
ټҸڡ
Ҷ밲Ͼ˰ټҸɨһܣܣһң飬Ĳ°ټ䡣ÿһ棬һҵѧѧɲǴֻľ裬ΪЩǵռġȻΪ˺棬ռЩҲΪоѧϰ
ӵԼĵ֮ǰΪ˳ԼĵҲҪѧϰ˵ĵģҲǣȡ̡ɹˣȻЩѧ
ڣϾɨһܣĿԶһ֮ϣ룬һ֣䣡
Ȼ
ϾתͷҶҶЦȥɣ
Ͼ˵ͷȻǵš
Ͼǵ֮Գһ硣ܣƯһӰЩӰˣߣŮӣϸ
ϾЩȫ˰Ͼ
ܾû˽ˣʱһͻȻ
Ҷߣߴһ۰ϾȻȻѡףǿȻھ˭ѡ㣡
ټ֮ѧѧǲ̫һġϾЩ棬һܣȻҿھҪѡ˭
ϾһֱӰ
Ŀȫ˰Ͼϣߵţ
Ͼָ󣬡ˡֱԣҸоеڣе㲻ѧˣ
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ϾɨһӰȻûȤˣ
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ѧѾԶˣҪ֪õĴУ񴫳УǧЩˣɷϣضǾǿߣȻҲַʽЩǣЩĲ࣬Ȼкܴġ
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ʱһͻȻڳ𣬽ţһָͻȻָ˰ϾһָϾͫʱȻһΪǿ似̺С
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ϾӦ̧־һȭ
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һը𣬰Ͼֱӱسˡ
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ʱǵٴת˲һָ˰Ͼǰ
Ͼ˫΢У˫ֽճȭһ̣͵سǰһ䣬ƣ
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Ĭһ˲ͻȻң

ϾǵźҶɨһܣĿһϣǵдһ֣

Ҷûԥǵ֮С
ڣҶк밲ϾһõӰУŮʮλ
ЩǴǧĽǿߣ
ԶصķʽЩ˵һȻҲһЩۣΪԼҲΪ˵źЩ۶ֵõġ
Ҷ󣬳Щ˵Ŀʱϡ
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⣡
ʱӵϧɱ̫ء
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Уһۣӵýֻɱ˵ģ
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΢΢ҡͷͬ
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ȻҶ仰õó˺ܲ⡣еУɲɱ˵ģǵڶˣҶ˵ǿǾ轣ԣֱȥȻǲ봫ҶǵĽ
ԭأҶɨһܣȻʼ磬ҲںֱӾתȥ
и˵Ľÿ˵ĽʵͬҶҲñ˵ĽǴģԼľǶԵģ˵ܶԴֻԼĽ
ĵһֱȥ
Ҷ뿪ɨһܣĿһСɱֵϡ
ɱ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˽ȥ
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磬ƮѪԼл꣬޾ɱ⡣
ΪʲôϲɱˣʱһҶ
ҶɨһܣȻɱʹã


2135 Ȼˣ
ʵҶ仰ȫЦ֮ԣҶûֶȤá
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Уǵٴ𣬡ܹɱ̶ֳȣʵѵãһ⣬ܹɱﵽ۷壬ǣǰɱ׵ˣɱ֤Ը⣿
ɱ׵ˣ
ҶҡҡͷԸ⣡
ΪΣֵ
ҶɱˣֻΪһΪԼΪˡУ󣡡
ɱ޷ﵽ۷壡ֵ
ҶЦ޷ﵽ޷ﵽûʲô
ĬãȻ̬
䣬һͻȻҶǰ
ӳ磬һѪɫĳۣޱۣ˫Ҳޣ˿Щֲ
֪Ϊֻһ𣿡ӵ
Ҷ˶Էһۣᱻɱ˰ɣ
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Ҷ
䣡
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УҶָ
Ҷǰӣɫޱȵء־εȵĿֲ˵־˿ʥ˵͵ģǽͨһ˵κ˶ӰǣڼԼɱⶼͣɱӰǸǲܵ飡
ڣԷˡ
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ӿһҶȻĽѾֻ̤ˡķΧƺ˽е棬㲢ṳ̂롮һΪˣ
ҶҡҡͷҲ֪ҵİƺررѵʹõķԣ
Ҳ
ӵղʹý򣬾Ͳô׵ıӰˡһãûرĽܹѹ̫̫ණˡԽɱ˵ǿƣû㽣˵ûв
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ӵҵѪɱ۶ɣպɵ֮ˣͷŴ飬ڶʱɱɱҪмһ㣬ǿɱܻʧǣʱ㣬ܻڵ顣ԣʱ

ҶһǰĻѪ飬Ȼ˵ͷ˺ڡ
սС׾Χ˹ǰѪɫӣСգգۣȻ׼СצȥĨʱϾǰ
С׿ŰϾգգۣ˼ǣҪʲô
Ͼ㲻˵ֱ꣬ץסС׵β;Աߡ
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ʵС
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ҶȻ㶯ˣ
ӵ˵ͷˡ
ȻأҶʡ
Ȼˣӵ
Ҷ


2136 һ
ˣ
Ҷ˶ԷһۣȻ˵ʵǿ
΢΢ͷǰδеǿĽҺһʵ֣Ҹһޡϧǣʱ
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ɱ
ЩϢԵıɱ
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ɱ
ɱԤϵĻҪǿܹѧᣬڵľ磬䲻£ɱһλʥˣѹʹԿһλʥˣҲаսԷɱ
νıɱʵὣɱЩƣֻɱȫһ˵ɱľǳ䲻⣬ɱѪԼٶȣԼпռԾֱԾֵȻһܼ򵥣ǣҪͲôˣ
ٶҪ죬ǶҪ꣬رǽǶȣ˿Ĳһ㣬֮ǧ
ңڽпռԾʱɱѪҲһ⡣Ҷ˵Щⶼر󣬶ңµ뷨Լὣɱⱳɱںһ𡣽ߵŵںϣȱȥ
һΣҪɱѪԼϽرǽڽڽпռԾ˵°빦
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ֻҪ˵һ㣬ϾܹףˣܹһȥЩΪԼõĶĿ죬ѧҲǷǳ죬һЩ似˼һ飬ܹѧᣬҴµĶ


һ̣ЩӰȷ˰Ͼݡ˶ǵ˭ʸ񱻳Ϊ
Ҷ밲ϾټҸ֮з
磬ҲǴǧ棬˿̵Ĵǧѵõƽûг飬ǲȥ飬Ҳǳİûκζ
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ڴǧĳһ䣬һ֪֮ϣһź۵ͻȻƬϡ
ں˵ǰһɫ֣졣
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濴һ·Ȼ棬֣ôȥҷλʥҪλλյͽӦҲҪˡ£ʹգΣ
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2149 ˭Ҳ費ң
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Сһһ֮ǰ֮ǰСԴдһ˿ãȻһˡ
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С׵˼ˡɾʯ󺺺С׾ֱ˺һݵԼУܿ죬۾Բ۾գ
óԣ
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2155 ɱ˲ź棡
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2161 ˾ģ
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2162 ݣ
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ʱƶһɫ׵ͻȻ˺Ʋ㣬Ȼֱĳ·С׵

ݣ


2163 磡
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2167 ֣ߺã
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2168 飡
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2169 ȣ
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2170 ֵܣ
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شߵҶǰشЦǲǺ⣿ǲǺܾϲ
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ҶһۣȻֵܶУǲȻֵܡҶ˵飬ģûҪͽûбҪΪңԼļ壬ǶԼһˣġ
Ƕǹ¼ҹˣ
ʱشͻȻ֮ǰǶѾˡڵǣǸԵļûκιϵڵǣǣֻԼ
ҶشãȻֵ𣿻ģ
ôôˣ
ʱһԵھͻȻɲʶ㡣
ǣ
شȻ˵ʲôֵòֵãҶ籾ɰȻȥģȴΪǶͷʱֵ𣿶ң㣬Щһˡ˵ĩʱǺֵܲãһսǾͺֵˡ
ҶɬһЦǡ
ڤʮһŮˡ
ڤʮһŮ밢ˣŮ֮⣬˶ʥˣǣЩˣǴǧһҶ밲Ͼŵˣ
ûҶ밲ϾЩ˾Ǵǧһҫ۵ġ
֮ûôҪΪҶ밲Ͼ
˹â̫ڸš
˵Щ˽δĴǧܹǣҲһϲ㣬ҲǺˣ
ħһ㣬ǣѾû·ˡ
ħ˫ۻɱ
ˣ
ʱһͻȻԶ쳹𣬽ţһңԶƿն
˶򽣹⴦
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ϥζ


2171 壡
ЩϤ
ע£һɫȹŮŽǰ
ŮӣҶüͷΪʶŮӣ
ŮڳڳкĿֱҶϡ
þòŮͻȻЦ
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Ĳǵ𣿡ŮЦ
ҶҡҡͷеϤҿȷûм㣡
Ȼ
ŮЦʱҲǺͯڣѾ󣡡
ͯ
Ҷס
ʱŮָһһƽͻȻҶǰ
ǡҶ㵵ĿǰĽ⣬Ϊƽ⣬ԼĽ⡣Ȼ⽣Լġ
ŮߵҶǰ˾ͽƣ
Ҷ˺һᣬȻ㵵㣬ǸСŮ
ƣ
һ̣Ҷˡ½ʱΪСŮ츳СŮƽ⣬ٶֶΪҲûʲôĿģǾСŮ츳͸Էƽ⡣û뵽СŮȻ
ʵҶ֪ĽѾ۷壬ġССͣһ޽СŮζʲô
ɣŮЦ
ƣ
Ӧ˵ƽۣҲе˲û֣ǣ½죬־ڵİϾҶҫۣ
ҶһŮӣȻ˵ͷ⣬û뵽ɳ̶ֳȣ
ǰŮӣ껹ֻǺͯʱѾ˽⣬Ҿ绹ͣڣԷľȻֻǴǣһΪȴǻޱȣЩǳ
ЦЦȻһܣȻޣͶԸλʥ˰ɣҾΪˡ
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ֱҶˮ֮ԵӿȪ౨
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˵ͷã
䣬ֱӻһâ
һԣ͵ذε˫ŵֱӳһλʥ˳˹ȥ
ʱҶԵǺͻȻһŭХת˲˫͵سһģɲǼ䣬ԲʮڵĿռһţǱĺֱһɽŲԶʥ˹ȥ
Уħɫļѿ
û뵽ģ
ȻߣռдơǣսʤҶһɱҶҲʧأԪˣ
ǰЩˣûһǼ򵥵İ
Ϊʥ˾
ΪǲҶκλᣬҲǲҶܾˣϣܹСĴҶڣҶͻȻôѣȫԭļƻ
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սһǣҶǰ
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Ҷ߰Ͼ˿壡
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ħҲǵ֮ˣӦ죬Ҷ밲Ͼǰһ˲һɿֲĺͻȻϯת˲һ޴Ĺֱӵǰ
ʱϾͻȻһĨս͵ؾһ壬һ壬ֱӲĹ֮ϡ
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ʱϾͻȻҽ͵һ壬һ壬ֱӶս֮ϡ
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սֱӽĹ˿ʱһȻħħо˫͵س¾һġ
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ΪģһɿµͻȻ𵴿ǰİϾҶֱӱ˿ȻҶ밲Ͼɵһ˲ϾеսͻȻֶҶеĽҲһ
ͣ
ԶħֱӽӲ
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ҶϾû°ɣ
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ʱԶԼ׻ͬʱ֣ԣʮλʥˡ
ڡ
СѾļ٣ڰкȻҲΪһȻǣҲÿյʹá
ҶûȥԿʥˣУЩʥ˽
˿̵ĺҲʶҶĴúҶ޸֧塣֮⣬ʶһ㣬ǾǱҶ
֮ǰûжЩҶȻҲûЩڣҶ˶ǿˣܵΣСҶǣһپ٣һ
޵ǿҶڣѾҶΪһ壬Ҷ㲻䣬Ҳ᱾
Ҳûа취С׸Ӽˡ
ܵĿԶһֱվŵ㣡
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СײĿ㡣
ʧ㣬УУиǿˡ֣磬
ǿĵˣ

ңԶ޾ڶ֮С
Ҷҵƹţ˿̣ƹ΢΢š
֪˶ãһӰͻȻл˳
ǵӰɨһΧĿ⣬ããգɨǧ档
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˵⣬ӰͻȻЩŮǧ飬شҲ壬Ҳ岻ò˳ǧ棬˯ʮ꣬񣬴ǧ棬˭Ҳ壡
Ц֮Уŷ
裬ʮ꣡


2172 ΣĲˣ
սڳ
˿̣Ҷ֮սѾ˰Ȼ

һһУаʥˣҲҶߵˡ
䣡
һըһӰ֮гźԶԶ׷˳ȥ
ҶһۣĶʱʹ
˲Ǳˣش
׷еشͻȻҶߣһЦֵ֣ܣֵһˡ
䡣
ӿת˲䣬
䣡
شֱըѿһɿµϯֱӽǳ嵽ǰʥըķ顣
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Ҷ˫ۻʱԶͻȻҲ˵ĴЦ飬ɱһʥˣˡںúñһ
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Զ鿴һ׹ĵĨĨǵѪ̫죬Ͼ
£ͻȻҲɲǼ䣬Χ۶ڵҲڷǣһ𡪡
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˵⣬תͷҶ밢λã֣㣬ҴиȫʬǵΪһһ׸ɾ·ӿɲҪǼ˵һȥ
ڴЦ֮УھԶ˹ȥ
ԶҶ˫ۻգˮ˫۽ǰԶϾһǣʥ
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Ҷ˫ֻţָѾģѪȾҶ֡
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⣬äŮͻȻ۾ɲǼ䣬ѪɫɲǼ䣬Ѫɫ֮һжеλʥ˸ֱӱճޣȻäŮ˫֮ȴѪɫҺ塣ϢäŮ΢΢תͷ·
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ʱԶڤŮͻȻһŭХɲǼ䣬һǰһλʥֱӱԴҲһλʥ˺˳ȥ
ңԶǿһ߾һߣԣǱҹһΣҹûвӦ˵Ѿ˳ˡɱһʱѾ뿪ˡɱһûѡ뿪񣬵ȺҶʱˡ
ңߵ
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ΪΣҹ⣬˿̣Ҳʧأǳ֣ء
ûõģ
תͷǣһ壡
壡
ԣҹһǡ
˵˵ͷ
ҹ¶ɫ

ҶǰԶϾͻȻͣתҶҿܲˣ
䣬һĨѪǻ
ʱҶ۾Ͼ˿̣ϾѾ飬Ϊȵʹɵġһ֮ʮλʥˣмλǰֻ̤澳ĳǿߡܹˣ˵ǰ޹˺ߣǣ֮ǧʷκһλŶѷɫ
ϾͣǰЩʥҲ֮ͣϾֲ̫ˣǵѹ̫̫ˣ˿̣Ͼͣǲûгʤ׷뷨
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Ҷߵ˰ϾǰḧŰϾգʹ

Ͼ˵仰ʱʵڸˡ
ҶͻȻЦЦޱȣЦԽԽֱ͸ʡ
һ̣Ҷ齥
ͻȻ˵Ŀ֮УҶֱָӲԼ˫֮С
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Ѫ
䣡
һɿֲɱҶϯɱǳһ

ҶЦţޣҶޣҶް
ɱǣɲǼ䣬Բʮ֮ڣѪһƬѪ֮С
һ̣˶Ҷλã
ҶĴЦ֮УҶɱ⻹ڷǣͬʱΧѪԴԴϳҶ߻۶Χһ̣ǧ棬ѪĵطЩѪ·ܵʲôһ㣬ֱӳȻռ䳯Ҷվλû۶
Ѫǧĸ䣬κɢɱⶼͻȻʧʧʧȫռҶλá
Ѫɱ⣬ԴԴϳҶ۶
ɱ⣡
Զ񾪺ɱ⡭
˵⣬뵽ʲô˫˲ԲãɱҪ֤棬ֹ
ɱ֤棡
ԣаʥд󾪣һҶɱ̤澳ǶԳʥ˵һѣѡ˿̵ҶǶԸѾǳǳˡ
ʣҶﵽ澳ʱ
ϸ˼֣
û˿ԥʥֱӷΧڤŮˣֱӳҶ
ȫҶ
ֹҶɱ֤棡
Ǵ˿˵Ψһͷ
סǣ
ʱв֪˭һ䡣
ת˲Ͼȳ˳ȥѪŮŮ
Ȼ˿̣ҲˡǺҶɱ֤棬ǶҪڽӣҲҶɱ֤棡
ʥ˿ʼƴʱеս˰Ȼ
һӺ
ϾеսͻȻ
ͣ
սֱӲһʥ˵ؿڣʥֱըѿ
սɻص˰ϾУϾս֧֧壬תͷһҶλãΣĲˡδ·һˡ
䣬Ͼ˫ۻ


2173 ˣ
ƣ
Ͼˡ
̫ˣ
ӿʼսڣǳ۵һڣĲˡ
ڰϾ˫Ҫױϵһ̣һ˫ͻȻסգϾþԼ۾ǰҶ
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ʱͻȻ˰ϾԣϾ㣬ңĲˡ㡭Ժ𣿡
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ΪۣڰϾУҶǡ£뷢Ҷ嵲סһ֮һˡ
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С״˴Ȼһ¾ͿʱС׵СԴֻ˯ˡ
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в
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ҲԼ֮ƫСףҪԭСڣڵͻԴԴϡ
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㰲С׺̧ͷһۣ񣬱ޱȡܿ죬ֱãȻǽţֱı䣬һֱš
⡣
˶ͣ˵ĿⶼҶϡ
˿̣ҶѾûɱ⣬ҲûѪȵϢǣҶȴһѪˡ˿̵ҶվǾ͸һΣյĸо
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⣬һʥԴֱӷ˳ȥ

ʱһԵͻȻŭת˲һ޴ֱҶֱ̺ӽҶĿռһ飬еǿҲҶϳˣǺ˶ѡΪҶǰһѪɫɱ赲ǹ
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Ҷͣʮλʥ˱ǳΧ˹һԣŮŮҪ֣ȻҶȴѾˡ
ˡ
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ԭĽǣȴɱ⣬Ϊɱ⣬⽣ļֲ
澳ɱ⣡
ǧɱѪ֤ɱ⣡
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ʱһǵ֮ϡ
䣡
ǵֱըѿ
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ǱֻһӰ˿̣ıѾҳˡ޵ˣ֣ҶڵʵڼϰеһЩˣȫɱģ
濴ҶսߵˣҪ
Ҷ˫ۻսȥ߻ŵЩô죿һս
Ҷһ̧һӳ
䣡
ǷӰֱӱն顣

Ҷ俴ˡ
˿һҶȻʣµʥתȥ
ңԶ֮УǷ汾˫ֺʮ壬Ӯˣ
·ȥ֮һȹŮͻȻҶǰԶ
Ƕҩ
ڤŮŮΧ˽ʮλʥˣ
ҩֱҶǣѾɽˮûκʤ㡣ߵˣԻ
˼ǣҶ
ҶҪ˵ʱСͻȻ˺ҶһЦȻ˻Сצţɵ˶ҩǰȻСצԼλá
ҶߣȻ


2174 ޵У
СȻ棬ǣɵ
֪ҶĿǰ״
ҶǣѾûǸԿˡҪҶֻ
ֻЭ
ڴǧ棬ҪľСףСһжû塣
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СջСצȻתͷҶҶȻûۣǣĿɲϹ֣ҪץסСףȻָ̧һȴȥ
ϾƣҶҲѾƣˣ
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С׷ɵҶߣ˲ҶĶ䣬Ȼɵ˶ҩǰ
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2178 ػ˽磡
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̧һĳ
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2182 ս棡
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һ˲һһСкͻȻ˳Скã˫ֽţ󣬻һһСصСŮСŮɫ԰ף˫ֽСкС֡СкСŮĲԶһȺȥԼһЩͷ

СкСŮ֮ǰڳ
һĻ˪ͷУ˲ʪ
˪Ǹ֮ˣǣ˭һĻ޶Եġ
ѾûһЩ΢⣬ģ뿪ȥѰĵطЩûģֻ
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ʱͻȻߵСкСŮǰСкСŮǰɫӦ˵
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㿴СкСŮСŮӵĿ㣬ΪµԵʣСŮ㲻ô䱸
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СкСŮĿһ¾ͶϣĿ·𱻶סһ㣬Ҳ޷ƿ
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ʱŮͻȻȥǧϵ飬ҪôҪô


2191 
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Ӱ沢δˣǷҵ֮ҪңЩȻϵʵҲûʲôʱλѣ廹δָڵĲ֮Ҳûдﵽ۷壬ԣЩ

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2192 ʲô
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飬ˮ飬ľ飬飬Լ顣
ս˫УɲǼ䣬鿪ʼת
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ʲô
Ҷ˫ֻСкôҪᣡ
䣬ҶѾʧԭء


2193 ûϵҶ
ҶҪ뿪½һ˲һӰͻȻǿ½
ܵһĻҶüͷͣƶ֮С
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˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵһ漶ʵµǣ谡㿴û壬Ƶģƣʲôܣ治ģҲûһܹǷ棬ǶҶ̬Ⱦǣǣǧǡ쵹ã
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2202 ǰ
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Ҷڣ޾ɱⲻɢЩɱ⣬ֱӽڵĿռݵ֧顣
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Ĭһ˲Ȼǰһ΢


2203 ǰ벽

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2204 
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ڴǧ棬ֻʣ½һƬҲǵԼϣҶӣұضᱻߡȥǻġ˵һߣЩʥ˶ûĻȻҶȲ壬ҲǲףĿǰʱǰȫġ
ҶɽãȻָҲգ
ԣǵɫʱ԰
ʱҶֵǿԽǡ
ҶĻɫʱ΢ÿһЩҶǣɾˡ
Ҷתͷǵ󣬻һȺˣΪ׵׻ʣ˿׻ʲǵλ׻ʣ󣬻壬ħ壬Լˡ
׻Ҫ˵ʱҶͻȻ˰֣Լ֮⣬ˣ뿪ҹһӺ󣬳⣬ڣһɱһ
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ʱ׻ͻȻҶ£岻ǣϮǧݣҵȸȻӦЯ֡
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ʱһͻȻڳת˲һѪֱû׻ʵǰ
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һĻ˲ķ׷ױˡ
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˵꣬תȥ˼ͣȻֵڣڣǵ³


2205 ǣһϣ
Уž
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ŲԶ׻ʵʬ壬г˰ɫо
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˵⣬ҶҡҡͷңֻϣﵱһǣˣеˣﵱǱЩ˿ˣҶȥֵ˵ˣ˶ֻǡϮжԸһԣ
˪㻹Ըң
Ҷ˪֪С𣿵½죬ԼѾˡ˳˯Ĵ۾ҡ֮Ҷܲ棬ȻûоȹңȴҡҵˣһӶǣǣҵˣҶһͬǡ
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ȻһսϾͻԼĸǿˣ
ʵֹϾһս֮ҶŮŮкܴջ
Զͳ˿ɫΪ˵֮ͬгԿһ޴ĳ裡
ʱͳͻȻһڣת˲ԣһͷޡ

ͳֱϣת˲ֱӻһĹ˰Ͼǰͬʱһǹֱ̰Ͼü䣡
ǱǹҶü仹аʱǳǹͻȻͣ
ΪϾһֻסǳǹǹ
һĻͳͫ΢΢һʱϾһͬʱ̧һϥͳĸ
飡
ͳֱӹӱ˳ȥδʱϾͳеĳǹ͵ؾһ
ͣ
ǹƿնȥ˲ͳڣ̺ǿٴνͳɣһɣ֮Զ
У˿ǰϾ
Ͼˣ쵽ԺȻԼԺβԼĲϣţȺʿսңָȺʿǣһϣ
Ⱥʿ


2206 ˣ
һϣ
Ͼܹһٲʿ
Ȼǲܵģ
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ң
һ֣õðϾǰδеǿսʲôҪȻơ
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ԶȺʿɫЩѿƣȻ޶Եġ
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֮УֻȻδ飬ǣ½ٶȴǻ
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ʱԶҶͻȻַԼüĴһâֶת˲СҶǰ
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Сգգۣдϲ֮ɫһֱ̣ӻһѪâûҶü䡣
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ֺֻȻѣ
һ˲ǹڣһ˳ˣ


2207 ƾʲô
ˣ
Ƭ޾ڶ֮
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˿̣ҶȫѪ죬޾ɱⲻɢ½նѾȾ졣
ĿⶼҶԶҶ˫۽գУǱѪš
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ɱ澳۷壬ãǿܹơɱ¾֮ɱǰδеǿҲͻܹܵٽ㣬ˣڵǷǳΣյġ
һԵԬϵҲʶһ㣬ɫЩأҴһ˿䱸
ҶͻȻ֣˵һѡڵҶһ׻ɱһλʥˣ
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ʱһԵԬͻȻڵʵǣûʤ㡣Ҳ²⣬ǿ϶ʲôıƻȻʹѹˡңǾȻнǱضʲôļƻȻʲôƻ֮ʵ⣬ȴӹɵģ
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㡭ҶԣָҶ̫ˣ涼ǲţߣɱǣҶ㡭㲻ô㲻ô˽㡭
ҶĬһ˲ȻԲԶ˪˪˵Ǹղս᲻Ϊʬ
˪Ĭ


2208 ֮⣬֮⣡

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һƬ޵Ŀռ֮УһСŮ˫ָ󣬻ǰС
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ӿСŮΣյĸоҺܶܶûиܵˡҸܵôһ㣡
СŮãȻǧ棬ûҰܹ
΢΢һЦã


2210 һɱ֮
Ҷããǿ֮Уһ·ϣҲ˵ͳԶȥ
ҶüʶԷԷҲش
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2211 Ŀ츫

̫̫Ľ̫̫Ĳˡ
ۻң
Ȼ˵Щ޵ĽǴģǣڽҶԼļ⡣̫ᶨҲЩãԣһʡ
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ʼԴ˳Ĭһ˲ȻĿ츫˸ǿ󣬵Լλǿ߲ŽѹϧŴߡ
Ŀ츫


2212 
Ŀ츫
ҶüͷҲûкĿ츫
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Ȼɼ׳ֺҶ֣ϵɼ׾Ȼʼܻ
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2213 ڳˣ
˿̣ҶѾԸӵĵز
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ʱһЦͻȻд˳ڳˣ
ת˲һֻľצͻȻǼ̳֮˳Ȼץӡ


2214 ˵
ֻצüͷ΢塣
ܿ죬ֻצѾӵͷһ£ҪΪ촷ۡȻʱҽһ㣬űߣһĴָСʯͻȻһƽâ
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УʼԴǿĽޣھš
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䣬һԽСŮ˹ȥ
СŮͻȻתͷü䣬һȻ֡
Ȫ


2215 ˣ
Ȫֵһ˲СŮ˵Ϣ˲Ȼͬ
ǿգ
˿̣ħҲһ㡣Ȼ˿̵Ѿ
ݣ
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ԣҶüͷãҶ˪ĻϣԼɣ
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ĻϿ˪˪΢΢һЦûֱЩߣǵڸЩһ·ˡȥһ£Щ˽ǡ
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ҶЩѿʲôЦ
ʱ˪Ҷǰ˪ʹߣǽˣ


2216 ⣡
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ȻСģȻǲ
˿̣ʵȥҶҶֹСףȻС׻ᴳġȻҶ֮ĽͨСס

С׵֮Уȫûġ

⣬
УҶŮŮԣһߣҲŮ߹µߣȥ
£Ҷ
ŮһҶȻǧľӦҲ֪壬ǣ޷Կ壬ԣҾӦ֣һһϣأ
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Ůü΢еᣬ㱻𣿡
ҶߵŮǰŮ屳ѹһΣԣӦ˵Ź壬ǣζԴҵģ
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Ҷ֮Ĺϵȷʵܺáǡûѡ
ʱҶֵȥɡ
ŮڲµʱҶԶ㿴ĻҪǿ󣬼ʹ۷ʱڣҲһܹǿ⣬ڵǣǲܣ˫ˣһ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲΪ룬𣿡
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ش˵ҶѴ̣
ҩҶǽޣԶΪǣҲҪڵ㣬һˣ㲻һˣ󣬻ѣŮԶΪʱ˵ǡȻ㲻һĽޣͲģйǣȻйǣ¾͵ýΪһܻܿ߸ȥҪôЩˣƾԼʵشҶңҲţһе㣬ضΪڶңӣ
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ǣģȴġ
츳£µʯˣˣ츳õ˸ӿֲǿ˾ǿĲǿ츳ںãҲǿиɣ꼻һ֡
Žɴߣ޲ӵһż᲻ɴݵǿ֮ģ
Ŷҩһ£֮ͻȻ
ҶҲĬ
綡ҩԣȻˣ֮еһЩͲܱ⡣ңˣǿ󣬱Ķ룬ˣѾˣûȱģԼûбֻдҶͬҶںˣں£̫̫࣡
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ǣǲû˵ǲ˵Ǵǿ˵Чûô󣬶ǣҲȥҶеʹ
ҩٴγǰһֱҶٴѹܹսģֻлڤŮڳеЩˣʲôҲˡȻãѹһ̣Щֵܹס𣿻˵жܻ֪Ҷ£˭£ǣЩ𣿡
ҶûлشҲ޴ӻش
ҩȴûаݵ˼ֵҶҪһ㣬弴ʹû䣬粻壬ǣʵٱǿˣǡ
˵⣬ҩЦһ֪˿бض룬ҶҲϡ塣ҶʱߣͲЩѣǿߡȻͬģҲǹһ壬˵˫Ӯ
˵⣬ҩ˵ʲô
ٴΰ

綡ҩԣȷʵ˫ӮΣÿҶľ
ʱһԵԬͻȻҾһ㡣Ҫ˵Сѣ㣬಻ôΪ٣ͶȻûܹ˵䲻ģܹ֮һԿ壬ΪСѣû˸ڡߣһ㣬֮ǰǿ壬ûҲΪСѵԵʣ
˵⣬Ԭ΢΢һ٣ȻֵȻˣǴ˵кôڸ˵ʵһߣҲͬʶ峤аջɱСѣȻСѿ϶Ҳ޷峤ǣڼһλأ
Ͼ
ҩ˫΢УҶߣҶ⣬һϾ
ʵҪɱ澳ǿߣûѶȣ
ʱԬֵǴҺȷʵ˫Ӯǣһ㶡ף岻ҪǣǣҲҪǣҵĵλͬȵģ˭˭𣿡
ҩһԬϣȻʱ򣬼ƽЩҾã壬𣿡
ԬЦ岻ƽϣȻƽϡ
˵⣬ҶСѣɣ
УҶĬãȻȻѣǣⲢˣ
綡ҩԣĵΪЩˡҶһˣһ㶼²壬򲻹㣬һֻܲҪߣұ֤Բ׷ЦڵʵȺʿ׷Щ˶ĥ
Ⱥ֮У˰Ͼʵ⣬˶ûУ
ߣӦ㣬Ҫ½ģ
õ
УҩֱҶãȻŰϾȥһ򣬶кô
˵꣬ת뿪˴
߳˴ҩ˫ۻ˿̣УֻʣҶղŵǾ仰ѡ


2217 
ûãҶ߳˴ԣǰϾ
Ͼһ۶ҩû˵
߰ɣ
ҩ˵꣬Ѿʧ
ת˲Ҷȥ
Ҫʲô
ڣ˪
İɣ
ԬЦǸʲôⰲѾͷСѶΣա
ΪΣ
˪תͷԬϡ
ԬϿ⣬ΪҪɱǲ壬壬ҪʹĴۣۡڶȥߣⶡСѿйһԨԴţẦСѵġ
УҪ˪
Ԭ˵ͷȻҲҾĵطǰŮ˽飬ȷʵ÷һߡˣϲһ֮󣬾˶ܲ˰ɣ
˪תͷԬϣҼ磬˾ʧˣᱯʹȻѡûеʹ࣬Ǹĸܣ
ɣ
Ԭҡҡͷ
ȷʵɣ˪
ʱԬϿһ˪Ѿͷļ磿
˪΢΢ȻһԶĵطƽˡ
᲻ҵȥԬʡ
˪룬ȻӦòᣬ̫ԶˣңˣǲȥѰңȻǸܲϾٵĿ
Ԭϵ˵㣬û˵ʲôתȥ
ڣ˪üͷ΢壬岻ҵɡ

Ҷ밲ϾŶҩ򣬴˿̵򣬱һصţǶҩ˴·վǰֲˡ
Ҷ֣֮УҲһصϢ
Ȼǲ壬Ҳ÷ǳ鷳
ڶҩŮĴ£һ֮Уֻһӡ
죡
ӣ峤졣
תҶĿڰϾͣһ£ȻֿҶһ߲ƣô
Ҷ˵صɡȻҪ֣Һܺ棬ô
ֱҶսҪиͳ죬ڼ䣬ȨǲǱߵˣ𣿡
ҶͻȻֱ죬УѪһƬ
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ĻԶĶҩüʱ
ʱҶͻȻЦǿ峤ĵ
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ֻҪ챻ҶǣסϾԿڣ涼סϾϾȻ澳ǣڵʵѾɱ棡
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ڣնʱЩ
쿴ҶãҪ˵ʱҩͻȻΣ˫˭Ҳ˭ƽȣ£ڣʲôҪʱ䣬ǵĻᣬǻҪ໥Ļţ϶˵һǾأ
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вϣڵҶ밲ϾܹɱģΪ壬ҲѡҶˣΨˣһϣ
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ҩ΢΢ͷȻҶԲ壬βţΰţ˪ﻹĻ֮ǰϣܹʽףһʶԴҶкôĽס
ʲôףҶʡ

ҩֱҶ峤ûȫָҪһ󷨣ǣϣõС׵İ
ʲôҶʡ
ҩһ۲ԶİϾս죬ս񣬻룬ǻãʵض
Ͼҩҩλ
˵ţתȥ
Ҷ밲ϾȥУĬ֪ʲô
ʱŮףƢ
΢΢ҡͷʵƢδʵڵ꣬廹Ĵҵ֮ìܣȻҽʱѾˡ飬ܣع飬ȴҪԲ塣塭
׶Բ֪٣Ůʡ
֪һЩ۷ʱڣǱ廹ǿȻǱ帲𣡡
˵⣬һѾͷǵ׼һº·
ף㡭ŮĿ졣
Σ岻֣

Ҷ밲ϾŶҩһң֮УڷƷ
һһƣƳʷΣȫڣڶƵ棬һͷͷڶƵĺ棬һصķӡЩӡɢһļµ
ǣҶʡ
սܣ
ҩ֮һ᲻ɴݣ澳ǿߣҲ޷ȥ
ʱϾҡҡͷҲҪ
ҩЦ˶ܣսܣɲģģ׼ȷ˵ȿɹҲɷ
Ͼû˵һУսֱǰϾסսܣɲǼ䣬սܾҲȻϾȴΪôսܣǣϵľȴԽԽ󡣹˲һᣬսƽȥ
ҩһ۰ϾȻֿһսۡϲⲫ˵Ϊʲ֮Լúоо
˵⣬ԵҶѾװĶҲϣһӦûȤ
ʲôҶʡ
ҩ
Ҷ⡣
ҩнģ⣬꣬ȻҲнӵдؼ䣬Ǽλ֮⣬κˡʹ峤ҲУ


2218 ԣ
Ҷüͷ΢塣
ҩ΢΢ͷӵнͨҲӵн⣬ҲԣнȻ㲢ûнԣнȻȴûнӳ
Ҷ˵ϸ㣡
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ҩҲˣﵽļޣһЩ֪ģѾ֪ǣǲ֪ġЩҶ㸸׶ûüǣ˵Ǹû뵽ⷽ棬Ƕڷġ
һ°ɣҶ
ҩ˵ͷԹĵ䵨ޣؼ䣬֪ģֻӵнһ㣬һӦ֪˭νĽʵ˵ˣǵ˵£˿ܸ߰ܿȻǣֻ䵨
˵⣬Ͼ㣬ǲǲ˭Լ֮УڶԷһսʦһ˸о
Ͼ΢΢Ȼ˵ͷ
ҩǵҶУǣȴûнɳ˵Ƕû
˵⣬˶٣ֵ㣬ǰҪģԼʵѰʲôװԼǸԼʵǿûװȻǿԼǲǿ󣬾װҲǿˡȻװҲҪеġǵĵ˱ܾͲͬһʱģǲǼΪԿģ
ҶɱѾﵽ۷壬⻹һһ
ҩȲܽ뾳磬ߣҴȥһطȰѽã˶Уǿ
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ҵļ¾Ǹҵġˣʲô飬յĵˣԼԼԼԼֻ֮һˣޱǿģ
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Ҷԥ£ȻҪ˵ʱȴЩԥˡʵǿ󣬵ǣûʮİսʤ澳ǿߣ𣿡
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ǣҲĲ㡣
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ֵĸңĵǽϣʵûرš˿ⲻȥΪΣΪǲԼӶԼĵԼģԼ뵨ġϸ룬ͻ֣ᷢʶ־ǿ֮УӦûһǱ˻ǿģ԰ɣ
ҶĬ
ʶǿ֮У˵ģ޵оûκҲˣңӣԷõĽҲֻͨĽ
ʱֵʵҲ˵㽣ĻȱݣԲ
Ҷʡ

ãΪҪҪԼǿǿ㡣ǿ绢ǼԦû㻹ǿ㣻ǵڽǼԦ֮䣬бߣˣٻУһûһ̣ᷢк֣ܶ
һԣϾһеս죬Ĭ
Ҷ˵ףǽĵ⣬𣿡
ǡĽⲻڽһﵽ澳Ӧþ⡣λλ⵹ǺܴرڣѾˣţδãʵһ¥
˵⣬ͣһ£Ȼֵ˵˵Ľ۽
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ǽһ۳ɽ˵Ľ۳ɵ۽ĽΪܹĳɡȻʵҲĳɡ
ۣҶʡ
Ƴϰ
㣬ڶ澳ǿߣмɰսɱ
Ҷ߳ɣ
ֻƾԼʵأʡ
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ԣҶ⡣
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Ҷԥ£Ȼ񣬾ʱгͻȻһã˿̣ҶѾһƬ޾ǿ֮УҶǰվһӣ͸ߴһǹ
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ս죡
֣һܣҲսܣ֮⣬ӵ˫ϣսۣ
ս
ǰս
ʱٴҶ𣬡ģսǿģһսսɡȻסһ㣬ҪΪģսͲ¡ܵشȻ⻹ΣҪǣĽĻ˲һı㣬ٲ
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һλԳܵ飬ҲǽԸ飡
ͺñ
Ҷ˵˼ҶǰܣǾζţҶ뽣ģǿŵģԼʵʵ
ˣһԼԼ½ݣ
ʱԶսͻȻʧת˲
䣡
Ҷֱӹ峯ɾ룡
δͣǣһĨѪͬʱ
꣡
ȫֱһһ˿


2219 ѳ죡
һ
սһ֮ǿˣ
⣬ҶĨĨǵѪҪúʱȴٴ𣬡Ҳ˺УС
ԣҶһݣ
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ζʲô
ζҶû˲֮û˲֮ǰǰ㺷ηս

Ǻкڣ಩ΪõٻָȻڣˡ
Լʵʵ
һ̣Ҷʶԡ
ңʣԼԼңȻڵǰǰ
ҶĳİϾɫҲ
˵ףһҶ˵ҪĲԣҶͨԣĽĽǰδеȹ̣ȹ̣һ¥Ҳ֮ۡûͨĽĻ˲ıζʵ󽵣޷ڽһ
ϾתͷҩҩǿԺ㣬ǶҪٳ߸ͷһ𣿡
ϾĬ
ҩֵɹĻȹ̣涼ﵽʥ˽׵۷壬澳Ҳֻʣ°벽˵Ǻ£𣿡
һʧܡϾ
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Ͼҡҡͷ
ҩתͷȥһ˵ǿ󣬲ǿģҲǿ֧ŵġҾӣһһҹſ϶ǰδеǮšȻͻȻһҹʧȥӵеһУҲ֮һʧǣһ˫һһߵ۷ˣʹͻȻ֮ʧȥӵеһУǣĻǻڵģΪʵģˣܹͷ
˵⣬΢΢˶٣ȻֵӦ֪ңҶĸף˶˵ǿԴʲôԴԼǲǲãǶ˵ֻǳǣûȻǿһˣǿǿ󡣲㻹Ҷǵģȷʵǿ󣬵ǣԸǿ󣬲𣿡
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ҩʵʱĽ㡣
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ԶҶĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷսУѪһƬһ̣һСǽףǽ飡
ףҶ˵ˡǿˣý飬
ɱ⣡
޾ɱⲻҶϯУҲԶսеսͻȻֶ
ս죬ٶȲ죬Ӧ˵
Ǽ죬Ҷô壬ȴõҶɫҶֳֽüģһ̣һͻȻڳһⲢûս죬һķԽս죬ֱӴսȻսȴǲܣ̧ȭһ䣡
䣡
һȭҶǵֱըʧʱһѪӭսӭ
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һǣҶҲòУ
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ͣ
һѪɫ⻮гҶȥѪɫ;֮ռ価˺ѷ飬ǿأ

սĴԷȻὣǣⴿȴõûнӳȻǿޱȣ
ǿУ˵һݶܹǿޱȣ
ԶҶһĨѪ⣬ֻ̽ͬʱ˳Уת˲ǱٶȻգƽƽҶУ

Ҳ֮һ
ֳֽ飬һɿֲɱͻȻҶϯɱ֮ܿУڣѪһƬ
͡
һѪɫ籩㳯սûȥ
Զս˫΢գһͻȻУûзöܶҶЩҶ˹ȥ
һĻҶ˫΢Уսǿʵе㳬
ûж룬Ҷҽ͵һ壬˻һѪɫȻ󸩳£һ̡
飡
һֱӴսϣһڳкȻ𣬳ȻըѿͬʱҶսһ֣Գźˣ
һ̣ȴٴγű˴˱ȥ
䡭
Уһը
ҶʵʵΣ
ڿԿ
Ȼֻʥ˽ףǣɱ֤棬һ澳۷壬սʶҲǳǿˣʹҲܹ澳ǿ߶ƴġԣڲ£Ҫɱ棬ֻĳɵİա
ֻɱﵽ澳Щ棬Ǿﵽ澳
ѹƣ
սĶս֮УҶѹˡ
˿̣ûк޸£ҲѾǧٿףϸѪ
ȻҶȴ㵵ķ֣ЩѪ󶼱ԼˣЩѪ֣֮ԼɱԽǿˣ
ǿˣ
ȻˡѪ֮ǰսʤսᱻ
䣡
һըҶź׷˳ȥУһѪ֮ܿ죬ѪҶգӦ˵Ǳɱ⾡գ
Ҷ̰һԶս
ڣֻһ·
ƴ
ƴս
Ҷû·
ûнףûкɼףûкûҶһҴ򣬸ƴɱ
һûǮûƣų̂ǣѣҪңӾ͸Ҹ㣡
˻һûǮûƣûк̨ǣûѣ
ѳ죬꣡


2220 壿֮
ս֮УսԽļҡ
ʱҶˡ
֪˶á
䣡
޾ģս֮ͻȻһţģսֱӱ鿪
ޣ
һƽ
飡
ʱһӰ˰Ͼ붡ҩǰ
ӰҶ
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˪Ҷ֮ǰ֮УѾȺڴˡ
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2221 ˭˭
ڣ
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У˪üͷ΢壬Σհɣ
˪ԣԬ΢΢ҡͷӦòᣬڵӣûס
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ʷǰż˲һݵ㣬ٲʿ;סƽʱЩʿǻȥӶȻˣҲٵĲʿ
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ͣ
һͻȻü䣬ʿ˫˲Բ
ʿҶŽǲʿüԴѪֱ硣
ܿ죬ҶǱָմմǽϵѪȻһ㣬Щеɱ˵Ŀˡ


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2223 ֮ı
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ħȴԴֱҡСĺܣҲ㣬㻹ֱӿɣǹƽף
ȻҶӴ࣬ǣǸղһʱ䣬Ѿ֪ǰһӻˮٴαҶ
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Ҷĺڶ֮ԴȻҿˡ
ȻǺڶ֮ȴֱڣȻԴϲҶţҪ
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˿ԶһĻʱɫ˲Ǳˡ


2224 ǿʩᣡ
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䣬ͣ


2225 ɱ棡
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2226 ǾͲˣ
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2227 Դʦ
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Ĭһ˲Դʦ̧ͷҶ׼ȷ˵ҶеĽ˿̣ҶеĽ֮ϣһĻ棡



2228 ȥ

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ƾһҪԭأʱһصͻȻܡ

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Ĭһ˲Դʦ΢΢һɲǼ䣬һɫǹͻȻУת˲гǹ͵ش̳һǹֱӴҶ֮ϡ

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2230 Ҷ
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2232 澳֮ϣ
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2233 ⽣̫
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˵⣬ߵҶǰȻ˵ôʵʰɡͷųĽ򣡡

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2234 

Ҷ˵˿̵ĴⱲܵһΡ

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ȻҶĿռȴȻڣҲֻǴռ仹ڡ


2235 ֮ŭ
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2237 һն棡
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ʱ޾ڶŴǹͻȻԽԽ󣬲һᣬ˽ʮͬʱһл˳˵ûȻšҲãһ˽ᡣ
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ҶЦЦֻܿԼˣ

˵꣬תȥ
Ҷ밲Ͼæȥ
Ҷ밲ϾһƬĹأҲǿߵһƬĹء
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˫ۻü䣬һ˳ת˲һԡ
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һ˲ͻȻŻȪָ޾ڶŴ壬ս
ս
ڣŭ


2243 ƻ뿪
ʣ
ǰ顣Щ飬Ȼȴǳս⡣
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ԣҶЦ㣬Ů𣿡
תҶ㲻µ𣿡
Ҷֻǲȷ
΢΢һЦȷˣȻأ
ҶЦ˵ʲô
ԣһЦһоڲС
תͷԼǰЩ飬岻̫ͬ䣬ȴڣ飬꣬ǡǵǣǵĻꡣȻˣǣǵҪϢġЩȥսʿûѡϢһֱڵȣڵң
˵⣬˫ۻȥ׼ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ밲Ͼ뿪ԭء
ڡ
˿̣УҶ˶
ԬϣڤŮش˵ˡ
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˽ڿҶʱҲֻܿҶˡ
λҶ·Ԭϣ鵽𣿡
Ԭ΢΢ͷǧ󷨣ž޾ڶû´ʱὫе˴ﴫߡ֮ǰҪӴǻɱˣɱǧˣȡЩ˵Լǧ
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Ƭ̣ǧ棬ЩѾǶۼǽĺԺǾ͸Сס𣿡
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2244 ǵȲˣ
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һ̧̣ͷϿգѹѹһƬϸ֮£һʿ
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Ҷ·ǺѹѹһƬˣã˫΢΢һ̧ɲǼ䣬·
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彵٣ҶԸǣѾΪĽˡܹڣ˵ȫҶ
һ֮Щ˷׷ӳǣȻԶһȥ
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ҶĬνѪԣʵʵҪҪһˣûѪԣ˻ʲôˣһûѪԣֻһʲô壿

κһ壬ûһɢɳӵǿ壬Բ
ʱֵ֪𣿵Ĳ壬峤֮⣬ϣ˶˵ʵС¥֮࣬⣬ˣǲػߣʵǲ峤ڣⲻ壬ֻʣ峤С¥֪ΪΣ
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ԣҶɫ΢΢һ䣬ǿ
ǿ߾֣֮ʱǣжʮˣԳֲնȥʮλȥɣܽʮˣڻܣ취һ߰ɣ
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˵꣬ת밲Ͼֱʧʾͷ
ԭأ㿴Ҷȥķ㶣Ȼ΢΢ҡͷǵȲˡ


2245 ̣
޾ڶһ޴Ĺţǧɣɢ΢⣬޴ǰԶվʮźɫ׵ˡ
ʮվһţֳֳһһҲ
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ˣҶ밲Ͼ


2246 ֣
Ҷ밲Ͼ˶ʱź
ԲʮǿߣаЩǿѾˣ
ϣʮȻʮȴõǾӿʼڣ̶̵ʱ䣬ʮ˾Ѿɱ˽ң

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ȻҶΪǶǣ˿ǿûôࡣֻ֪ҶˡҶˣϣˡ
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˵Ŀ֮Уʦֱӱ˳ȥ

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ҶĿռͻȻȼ


2247 ޵еĺ֣

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Ĭһ˲ԬϿԵħ΢΢ͷһֱӻһڹ⳯Ǿ̳˹ȥȻδƬսʦǳǰ

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2248 ֮ѣ
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ԭҶĹϵǷǳġȻȴѡҶĵˡ岻ôҶһ仰Ϳ˻
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Ҷһ㶼Լ飬Ϊ԰ٷ֮ȷɱĻԷԻɱȻȡ봫ŵĻᣡ
ߣҶܼǳ
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ԶһȻҶ뿴ҩķϡ
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ʱԶʦͻȻȫ룬ʱرգ͵ǧˣ
ԣ˿ɫѿ޷κδݣ


2249 
ͻȻЩ
ڵľ
˿̣ҶߣǲǱߣ塣˵˿̵壬֣֣
ʱͻȻǲʦҶˣԿΪ˸ĺǣֻҪ˲Ͳȥˡǣ㲻壬ȴӰΪϣУɱ쾭塣֮ԣɱҶ㲻ҲŹ塣
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ܶǿ߶㣬Ȼ֪Ŀռ֮нУȻңѡȴδ֪Ŀռ䣬ͺñһֻͻȻ֮´󺣣ȻããȥѰҳ·һ㣡
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һᣬƬ޾ڶͱĿյˡ

˭
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Ȼ˻ѪԵģΪԭõѪԱǣһ˱ʱҲǱʱһˣµʱҲѪԵʱ
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˫ۣ𣿡


2250 ȼ⣡
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2259 ˣ
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Ҷǰǰ˫΢Уɱ֤棡


2261 ɱ֮ģ
澳
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ʮ⣬ҶûӣͣתǳǰİɣŮˣԩ޳𣬺αƣ
俴Ҷȷʵԩ޳𣬲Ҫͱ


2262 Ҫɱɱ
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Ҷ˫΢УֽеĽתתϢԽԽǿһ̣
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2263 Ҫ͵ɱ
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ҶЦЦңʲô

֮ڤڤ֮Уһж㡭
ҶҡҡͷҾֻһ䣬ҪɱҶˣֿѣұܲνһܣһ¹
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䣬ҶͻȻһɺâ޾ɱⲻӿȻΧ塣
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ಣ
ʱҶǰͻȻסҶɲǼ䣬Ҷ֮ǰԣУȫ
ܿ죬ֵ֮У˼֣ɱ¾֮ʼߣҶ


2264 Ӳ̸Ув
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ҶԼһֵԼ뷨Լң
ҲΪˣɱٴεõǿȻûͻ澳ﵽ澳ɱ⡣ǣ˵ʹ֮磬ҲҲɱҶǿģ
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ȻҶԸն˿ԼûκǣңûκǣĻͬԱĸǿ˿̣ԸϾʫŮش˵ˣŮŮʼԴ廹κһ壬κβҶģҲױͷţ޾
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Ҷ룬ȻӦҽ츳׿һľţ

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УɫЩѿ
ر𣬴˿̵νǺڵ˼㡣ԭϣҶܹ⿪޼ܣϾ޼ģ϶ǷȻû뵽޼ȻֱѡҶһҪҶߡһĿ
ŮûйˣתҶ˿̣ҶϢڲϱǡ
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Ů˫΢У޼󣬿ǲˣ


2270 ɱ˵
콣ͬʱһǿϢϴӽܳ콣ӿ
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ܿ죬һ߳ҶŮǰ
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˵⣬̧ͷʼԴķ򣬡һӣҶʣ˲ˡǶˣҪҶƵ·ȥˡҶϾ·ҾϾ·
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£Ҷֱʧԭء
Ůӣ


2271 û˹
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ŮӳĬУȴһĨǡ

һʱҶŮͣ
ǰһƬããɽɽ֮УûκľͺͺһƬһۿȥҰޱȡ
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޽ŮͶҪ࣡
ŮУһɨѣŮڴɨһ鲻֪Ĺ
ŮתͷҶ㶨
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2272 
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ѪռѪǲȹŮȴѾ˻ԭأУϸѲڣȡ֮һɨѡ
ԶҶվڿУϣнʮۡ
ҶԶĲȹŮӣɫǰδеء
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֮磬һöԺҲˡժˡ

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С׵˵СԴϣʱͻȻ˲Զǽһ˲˫۾ʱһֱ̣ʧԭء
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2273 ؽˣ
УСױǽϵţʱʱҡһҡʱʱһãǺ֮ɫ
С֪⽣ǱǱܹܵҲΪˣŻ֣Ȼһ㶫˿̣оⱦûʲôĵطû
һԣСܹҶǼֲ֡
ܶ࣬Щ֮УûĸСų⡣Ŀ츫ҲǳΪС׵צ֮
һԵǽɻУԣ֮磬û˱ˡ˵ǵ޼⽣ûơ
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ԣǺԨɫ˲ִԲˡȻˣǡ
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2274 ǲ
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ҶȷʵЭ˲һ£ôǿԼٺܶܶ鷳ǣֻŲ
˼ҿʲôͽȥ˼ҿţǲҲҪŽȥ
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2278 ħ
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Ҷ룬ȻҾã֮飬͸ԼҪЮʼԴ壬ڣĿĴﵽˡΣ

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ҶԴҡڣв߶ʲôһ⾳ԽԽǿǿʲô̶ȣǿʹɱ뽣ⶼѾѹƣ
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˿̣Ѿķǳãõ͸
ʱ츫ͻȻڳ𣬡Ѿ׷ˡߣߣ


2279 ɱʼԴǣ
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Ҷ˿̣ҶʧԭأȻ
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ͷǽ֮ϣ˲ըѿ

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ͻȻҶʧԭأٴγʱѾߵǰת˲һ⳯

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ңǽħ⾳Ҷ֮УԹͻȻ˳ȻԴԴϵĳеǱ۶ȥ
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֮ǰҶɱ뽣ѹЩԹ飬ΪЩԹӰǡȻ˿̣ҶѾ壬ҪЩԹӰ죬ˣķħ⾳ȫѹѹڰЩԹ飬˵ЩԹ˿ȫõͷˡ
һߺҶֱӻһڹûʼԴǡ
һĿԹ飡
һĻԶд󺧣ŭ𣺡סס졭


2280 
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ڵҶԲԾرҶЩԹ飬ЩԹ飬һַУʼԴ˵һ޴ѣ
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ʱеҶͻȻͣ
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ЩԹЩʬ֮еԹģЩԹҲԽԽǿ
ʼԴǣ˲Ϊ
˽ӣͻȻǳеҶͣУһѪܵͷ­
Ҷ̧ͷʣһǿϢѹѹ
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һŭת˲һֻͻȻҶݺ
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飡
ʱһȹŮӳҶԣŮ˫ָ󣬿ǰĻҶȹŮޱ顣


2281 Ͼ
˿̣ҶڵϣһҲһ㡣
һ⾳⾳ܣһĿԹ顣
ȹŮӿҶдźεɱ⡣
ȹŮӣǰ׵۳ǵİɡ
ʵδȥӦ˵ȥΪֱҶô׾
ʵֱ֤ǶԵģ
ʱңԶʣǿϢϯ
ü΢Ĭһ˲һӣһɰ׹ֱӿҶЩԹҶķħ⾳û׹⿿Ҷ
ɫһ䣬𣿡
һϢ
ЩԹħ⾳ȫӿҶڡ
ԼǣҲΪˣǲŻᱣҶΪ֮ǿ֮ԴڣΪҶҶôҲʧ
رǷħ⾳
ҶҶڣҲ᲻ڣ
ЩԹͲ˵ˡڵҶõ
ûԹħ⾳ֹǵ׹ֱסҶʱͻȻóһŽɫеĽɫһ˿ᡣ
ȻʵǼϢԽԽˡ
俴һڵϵҶȻ˽ɫ
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һڳһҶͬʱʧ
Ϣʧ
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2282 Ϊã
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2284 ԽԽ
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2287 ɴ壡
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ԶüͷСӣڲѵ㣬ϷɾҪˣ
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ӣʣӻ˲仯ޣ
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һϢؼһжָ
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ָָʣ㣬ģһϵûУСӣСҲ֪ʲô裬ɱңڸղţСĵǰȻҾһҲͱСˡ
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ܿ죬ҶߵǰλáΪҶҪʱҶͻȻתŵ˹
긾Ů
㶣ȻСװ裬װ衭


2293 㻹ý
װ裡
˿̵߾Ҷһװ裡
ȻҶ֪긾ŮǿԣȻ֣ʣһôܻǣ
ʱһֻͻȻҶļϡ
䣡
һǿϢֱӽҶѹԭء
긾ŮһҶȻװ衣
ôܣ
߲ţ㣬Ҳˡһ
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߶ʱˣСҲ֪ʲô裬ңҼǵãҲûǹ
긾ŮһҶȻӦ
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긾ŮֵٶȻͦģȻô̵ʱ佫ŵ˵һأһǡһɹȻֻû񣬵ҲѵˡرڼӳĽħ֮е㲻ˡ
㣡
ʱʣõǵȻý򣿡
ôܣ긾Ůһߣǧȴ;ͬ顣ȻʹȻʹǷħ֮⣬ĵڼӳַħ֮ܵĵȫͬˡܵĵ죬׼Ȼһĵ֣裬ݣ
˭ǰ;һ㣿ʡ
긾Ů΢΢ҡͷԼСӵĵҪһ㡣ĵɱ˵ģһħ״̬ǲݵġûиеѹΪʵԶӾѹ࣬ͻܵ⵶Ŀ¡
߿һҶȻҡҡͷһ̫ʱҲȥΪһ뢡ֻԸ񣬰Թŵ˵Ҳ֪Ǹǻ
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̧ͷԶҶıӰдһ˿ءһʼҶʱ·Ϲǣģ֣ҶĵЩͬˡ
һ㣺ҶĵԽԽˡڶ㣬Ҷÿһε㣬ͬһλãҶܹһϢӳٵⲢǿµĵطµĵطǲܣҶһٵͬһϡ磬һֵλãһһһֵλã
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ҲΪβǿиҶղһеԭΪʹҲ޷ĽһСھ緽ԶҶġ
ȻȻܺĽסҶħҶһУȻǿƣضҶˣѡ
лЩľġ
ΪҶ澳
һ澳ǿҲƿĿռ䡣ǣҶղˡζҶսѾﵽ澳ĳ̶ˣ
Ҷ澳

Ҷŵ˴ڣӰҶǺܷġСӺܻ͵Ϯϴ˯ţͱҶĨ˲ӣˣҶǰǰˡ
߽䱸ĿҶܽ䱸ΪҶһִкġ
ȻҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾߵǰǰ㣬һ⳯ӿ
һϢٵ
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͵Ҷһյһ˲ǷһĨЦݣһ̣ɫ䣬ǿһŤʮɿ⡣
һѪۣ
㶣Ȼ̧ͷԶҶŭ̵ģ㻹ý㻹ý
ԶҶŵŽ


2294 ɽ

ҶȻ޵ǣɻһλޣ
һλǿĽޣ
һֱ㣬Ϊ⼸ҶһֱõȻղţҶͻȻý⧲֮£Ҷһ˵˸Ȼ˿ڲҲء
ǣȴǼΪ𾪣
ҶĵҲǷħҶܹһϢӳٵٵصһ㣬˵ҶڵļޣΪÿһȫħǿ֮һ˲ı뵶صһͺñȿÿһһܿͻᱻϡÿһ㴦ͬһطǿ϶Ҫܶʱܽһϵģ
һϢٵҶļޣ
ߵĿʵҲǣû뵽ٵ֮ҶȻýνӡû뵽ǣνӵļֱ޷죡ΪħҪ֧֮ţٵľҶ֮ҲΪʲôÿʩչħ֮ͻȥ
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תͷȥ򣬲˿̵ģʵЩǱϣһѪۣ˿ڻûг̣вʱѪ֮⣬ҲнʮѪۣÿһУһںڵĴ˿̣УǾ֮ɫ
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߳ĬƬ̣Ȼּ˵в󣬵ǣڵ澳ǿߡǻ־ߵجΡʵұȽϾ޵СӾȻ뵽뽣ϣղһǻ㾦֮ʡ
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ٺһЦƷ϶ûģȻѾͷôƴ㳶ˣȥСӲӡҪСӵ˫ɽ
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һʯǰ
ҶڵأĿǰԶǰм䣬һڴ˿̣ǹµľͷ
֮УһѺɫ⣡
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΢΢ͷʦ
ǻԳ⣬Գ̫žĺᣬƷ㣬ڽ֮ϡ̫žѪȻ࣬ҲϾôһ㡣ˣûǷǳģرǶСӡ⣬Խ˫һΣҲҹŵ˵ġɽ
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ҡͷǣҹŵɵһ˫۵ľ磬ҹŵ˫ۣ˫ԽǿԽաˣ洴һ˫۵Ĺ뼼ɡ˫ۣҲ磬ֱǣɽٵؾ쾳
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ҲҪԣ
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ѾٺһЦһܵ˹ߣȻһͳԡ
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˲סˡ
ʱҶֽеǰ˵ݡ
ɿҶôţģ۽ǣͻȻ峺Һ塣һ̣λ׵ŮһżӲĽڻˡ
ѾͷҲ԰ɣ
ʱһԵͻȻ⣬˳ˡҲкôġ
ɽӹҶݵǰ⣬Ȼʼ
ζֻ˵ǳѳԣǣȴ쳣
һԣѾ߳Աܲܰĺóһ㣿ôѳԣôɻģ
óԣԲ԰
Ѿݺݵһ򣬡ҳԱ˾Ͳˣ
򣺡
ܿ죬һͱ˹Ϸˡ
ԱѾСӣȥ˯ˡ´гԵļǵýң
˵꣬ͷҲصʧԶ
ɿһѾıӰȻʵǿ
Ѿͷݿɲ򵥣ܲ򵥡
ʲôȴǿԵҶóһƿǻԳѪ£ԿټЩ
ɵ˵ͷȻӹƿǻԳѪҶС
Ѫ븹
ϢҶȫѪͻȻͬʱһǿҶҴ
һæѹҶͷһǿֱӳҶк£ģҶǹĻ۵Ҷ˫֮С


2295 Ҫܶս
ʱһһȥҶ˫ϵʼ𣬶ڣղЩԳȫ˿ȻЩ£ԴԴϵĳҶ˫ۻ۶ȥ
ģҶ˫ۿʼɱ䡣
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飡
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Ҷһµһ̣ǲֱӱ˰ɿ⡣ͷҲǵм䣬һۣ۲аָֻеۣȴûѪΪҶûǵֻƿ˶ԷһƤѣ
ǲǶʱŭˣ
һŭХڳһӰͻȻ˳С
ǵĲӰ
飡
ͻȻһը
Զͫ΢˫ֻ
ԶһӰˣӰҶ
ǲǵķ£Ҷڽڰˡ
ȫŰ
һᣬҶϱѾѪݣ
˽ʮϢͻȻ
飡
Ҷֱӱǲײ˳ȥ⣬ҶڵأǲǱٴγͷȻݺײȥ
ɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ȴǱֹ
俴ŲԶֻǿЩǿ
ɳĬ
ûжʱˡʱʧǱ뿪Ǹʱʵȥԣ롭
˵⣬ͻȻȻֹȡ֮ľ㵡
Ҳԭء
ܿ죬ɫЩѿ
ԶֻڵϲϷţҲϰҶУ֪ʱһӵĺ״
ǻʲô


2296 ߵ飡
Ȼ֪ǻʲô
ɫѿЩΡ
ԶǻǰһһԾӽ֮С
ԭأҶص˰ɵԡ
ݺݵһҶȻתȥ
ԭҶǻսԴҶĶ־Ȼû뵽
־
ҶֱӰ˼ҌŶˣʲô
ʵҲû෴Щ͵ġ
ǵľ粻رߣֻǽ澳ǣ磬ҶǿǸߵ̫ˡˣʹҶӵսҲһʼǸѹƣûл֮
˵ҶעҰܵġ
һʼĿľҶܣǲҰܡΪֻҶŻΣУΣУܹҵԼĲ㡣
ңҶྭβҰܶкôġ
Ȼڣ֮ǰһд뷨ɿˣ
֮ͣΪҶ֪ǻǵ㡣Ȼһеǣҽ֣˭㽲ƽ壿ο⻹֮ս
ǻǿ϶ĺܣһעͶ˸
ɴҶص˴С
ڡ
ɽҶ˴ϣʱѾүү˽ǰ
΢΢ͷһҶȻڣս𵱳ǿ˲ֹһ㰡
лǰ˵⣬΢΢һ٣ȻֵʶǣƷ֪һЩġǰ֮֮󣬱ض౨
߿һ۰ɣȻЦҲ㣬ȷʵҪæԺ飬ʱ䣬Ƕ˾ס棬ҵ׶ûжãĴڣҲҪסϣһܰһЩġ
˵ţóһȭͷİɫƿҵƵһƿϴҺȻһ¥ȴȹȫͿϣպͿһΣһμɡȻﵽ˵澳Ǿ粻ȣⶫĿǰã
ԥ£ȻȫͿ
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˵꣬ת뿪˷䡣
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ᣡ
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һᣬͻȻ뿪ݣûã߽ݣû˳ȥ
һΣ˰ʱɲֻص֮С
ߵ˴ߣڴϵҶɫƽ֪ʲôʱҶͻȻ֣û֡
ͣ
ģһɷħ֮ͻȻҶ˳
ɺݺݵһҶȻסҶ֣ʱǹɷħ֮⽥ƽȥһᣬһȻѹҶ
ó֮ǰ߸İƿȻҶǰһʱһīɫҺҶϡԥ£ȻҶţţĥܿ죬ǵīɫҺ֮˿˿ɫҺ壬ɿʼЩɫҺĨҶϰ䡣
һᣬҶϰһ㱡ɫҺ帲ǣ°ȴġ
ԥ˺þúþúֲſʼ»ʱĺԽԽˣҲκ졣
ʵ־磬¶ῴıȽϵģŮ֮¡Ȼһ£Ըһ飬һˡڴ֮ǰҲģΪã飬࣬㣬˵ģģġ
Ȼ˿̣ûоҶ࣬ûоҶ㣬ûоҶ
ֻһĨɬ
ʱ֪ʲôɵִ˻ȥĿƣĳЩ𾪡ԭġ
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תͷҶ⣬ҪʱҶͻȻס֣ȻַŻԭ
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Ůĥīĥīɲ򵥣࣬ϸĥ֪أС̫ᣬ޸У̫ʣҲ̫̫̫̫ˬȫޡ
˵һ
֮Уǰֻ˵ĺ˵ĺԽԽܣãڡ
ͣ
һͳƿڳͻȻ
˲ջ֣֣ǾͻȻϼݺݵŴϵҶǣ
Ů֪֣Թʰɣʶаɫ촽вء
ãҶͿīɫҺ塣
ЩīɫҺ岢ûнҶڣǾ͸ҶƤ֮ϣҶƤʼ΢΢ֹãЩīɫҺ͸Ҷڣ׼ȷ˵ҶĹ衣
Ҷǵ澳ǣ澳ЩˮֵģΪǿиģȻ֮ǰܺãǣҶϾѭѭģˣ粢ȣҲΪʲôҪȥѰҩĸҩˮԭ
ʱһһȥ
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ǵһƬָ֣Ƭһ㣬һƺâʱûƬ֮С
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Ӱǻǡ
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˿̣Ѿ³
־磬֫ʲô¡
ҶǸٶ˵ܴ裡ܴ裡
һŭֱһԾҶ˹ȥ
Ƕ棬ҶͻȻ̧ͷȻɱǰ͵ؾһ
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һ£ռֱӳһĺӡ
䣡
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죡
ǵٶ̫죬Ҷ޷ٶǰֻӲ
ԭء
䣡
ħ֮ͻȻҶϯת˲ҽ͵һ壬շȻ˫ɱ·ݺݾһ
ͣ
һΣռ䲻ǳֺӡֱ˿
һϢٵ
Ҷٴʩչķħ
أ
ٵ£Ҷȴٴη˳ȥǣǰԶǻҲ˳ȥ
ҶͣǵѪһ̣ҽ͵һ壬ֱӻһ⳯ǻǳ˹ȥǻҲһԾҶײ˹ȥ
䣡
һһǸһӴٴγŸԵĺ󷽵˳ȥҶѪ磬ǻȴֻˣ
ԶɳУǾ̫̫࣬࣬ٶҲ̫࣬ͬһġ
ͬһûм֣ҾҪԽսҾҪսǿҾǡ
ʱԶͻȻһ
ٴסˡ
ֻԶҶط˳ȥţһ˿ڣ棬ѣ
ǣУһӵĺɫ
Զǻڵϲϰ
һĻɫʱѿһҶǰŭģܲܲҪ˼ҵČˣ


2297 ֣
һΣЩˡ
ҶһУ
һУȻãϾǻǵطҲΨһǣһвҪǴȥŵҪΪЦ˰
ߣҲܺ棬ҶΪʲôУŵɣûиһа
Դ
ʱæߵҶǰǰҶĲ״Ķʱһ£ԥ£Ȼ򣬡ʦҾãʲôУɱ˵ľǺУأ
ʵҲҶһе𣬵һ룬ʵҶôҲ޿ɺǡǻʵԶһУô³Իܲҡ
ҡҡͷһˣȥ˰ɡҪȥ
˵꣬תʧԶ
ԭأɿһҶȻ𣬴˴С
ڡ
ҶڴϣڵĺԴԴ޸壬û˺Ǻָٶȶǰ
Ϳҩ
ó˰ƿҪҶʼͿҩˡ
£ܵЩܵģΪڵҶƺϲͿҩÿһͿҩᷢһЩɸ˵顣Ȼûбˡ
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ֿʼߵ顣

ڡ
ߣۡ
ڵϣǰ˱˱ȭȻ㣬磬Լ£ǣǸطʵΣЩҸ֮ȥʵްջԣֻǰæˡ
üͷ΢壬Ҫȡ
˵ͷɱȻǷǣʺСãСǿ˫۵ǳԽһЩ̫žᣬӦصҹŴɵǱպʺ
һʼΪֻո棬û뵽ģ
𣿡
ҡҡͷյĵطҵֻܻöһδ֪ڲҹŴɴдСӣպ޹ŵˡϾҵĲͬһɣһ
ȥ
ʱͻȻ
ΪΣ򲻽⡣
תͷǺɽǱߣԽԽȶˡΧã
˵⣬üͷˡ
ԣɫ
Ҫʲô裿ʡ
ϧһжͽͣ
Ϊʲô
֪ǼλѪɶǷǳģһλ˵̫žôǸһһֱڣʵѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵز֣Ҿãлģ
򣬡Ϊλôÿֻ˯˯˳ԣڲϱǿͬҲǡ
ڼǣûһ᣿ʡ
ҡͷлᣬҲͲʱʼˡ
˵⣬վûжʱˡܣʲôû̵ģɡЩһ֮ǰСһ뿪ŵɵѵʱȲҪˡ
˵꣬תȥ
ԭأСׯҲ̫ƽ˶ˡ
˵꣬ʧԶ

Ҷϵ˸һþͱɽܣȻҲһܹҶƽģֻаɣ˰ɣڵҶ˭ҿġ
ǵ֡
֣ʶĴ֮Уֻ΢һ㣬Ĵ̫ǿе㵣ڵҶԲ
һ֣ҾͲţ㻹ԡ
䣬ҽһ塣
䣡
ԶƬ־һת˲һӣ˰ɾ롣
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䣡
֮ͻȻһӰǵӰֱӳҶλó˹ȥȻܿ죬Ӱͣ
ǻǣ
Ҷǻɫ˲֮У׹硣϶Ҷţ·ɱĸһ㡣
ԶҶ΢΢ֽŵ
Ȼǻǳûж֡
ԶüͷǸʲô
ʱԶҶͻȻŵǻǳ˹ȥȻڰ㵵Ŀ֮УֻǲûѡսתһԾʧƬ֮С
סˡ
ˣ
˹ˣʲô⣿
ɣ
˺һᣬȷǻˣ
ˣ
һλӵ̫žѪĴôˣ򶼲ˣ
ŲԶҶ˵ǻСӵиŹ
Ҷ˴Ĵָ֣
ҶûлӦ
ûлش壬ǳԶȥҪ֡
ɿһҶȻԼ
˵ţҶָ
Ҷ˺ɽ
ɽܴ󣬺Σգ
ǰɵĸоڴƬ֮ǰһƬޱ޼ʵɽ;Уܵ˺üǿϢЩϢٶǽ澳
ޱȵ𾪣
û뵽ؾ֮УȻô೬ǿߴڡ֮˶ȴһ֪
ʱҶͻȻס˰ɵ֣תͷҶҶû˵ǣһǿ⾳ȴǳ˰ɵܡ

ҶܵΣգ
ɿҶãͻȻḧһҶգȻ飬Ầģ
Ѿͷ
ʱǰͻȻ֮ˣȻһЩǣǣЩǣδزǺ¡Сӣһ޵֮ˣҿ˵ԽңҲɱ˵֪ܲһʼʱѾڣڶͻ
Ϊʲôɲ⡣
ЦӵˣȻʲôˣǣҲʲôɱ֮ˡСӣһϲɱ⣬зħ֮⣬ǿСӾࡣһӵɱ֮ˣɱ֮ˣҲΪɱɱ˵ˡˣԴԼɱ⣬ǣֶΣ̫ˡ
˵⣬ЦЦֵСӣзħ֮⣬ɲ򵥵ɱôˡһʼɱɱģ
ɣ
ֵ磬̫̫಻Ҫ͵ɱСӣȻһЭļһԸһȻ̫ƽ̹
˵ţҡҡͷܵ˵ǺˣҲǻˡ
ɳĬ
ˣˣ
ҪҶʱʱ˵ҶǻˣڣҶһʱҶǺˡ
뻵˵Ķ壬˵ġܰǶ˵˾ǺˡԷҪʹԷĺ£Ƕ˵Ҳǻˣ
¡
ʱɽͻȻһ
ɫһ䣬̧ͷԶԶʱͫʱһ
ɫȴǲҰ
Զɽ֮Уһ߽ǧɣɽߣ֮һɽ˲仯ΪƽءߵķߣҲǴׯķ


2298 ֮أ
ÿһȺɽҡڣز
ʲôɳ
̫žˣߣ
£ɫ΢䣬תһС
ͣ
һڳһ
飡
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Ӱǻǣ
һֱڸǣ£ʵ֪ģǣûг֣ΪãǵĿ϶ҶԷ͵ϮҶĻպöҶΣʶ
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ǣû뵽һ̫Ŵȴƫƫʱ֣
תȥʱ̫ŴĿѾ߿һĻɫ˲ˡһ̣̫ŴͻȻնߵķһȭ
񽥽һУҶǱɱֱ֮Уһ̣һֱת˲һɵĵƶ֮бֱ¡
һ
һϳ죬³еأؼ䣡
ҶҲʩչһУȻٶϣϣߵϣ̫̫ˡ
һ·ܹطֿ̫žоΣգͻȻջ֣Ȼ˫͵سһϡ
£
䣡
̫Ŵֱӱ֮⣬ȻǵȴǱ̫Ŵ˫ָס
һĻ˫΢΢һУڣһ˿ءתͷҶɣǴԱ߻ȥмǣУΧЩصĴܹܵ
ɵ˵ͷȻҶתҪߡҶﲻʲôȻҶȴǲߣһĻ㶣ȻЦСӣ㻹ǺܿԵʦҲҪæ㡭
ʱҶߵǰڰ㵵Ŀ֮УҶеɱ˹ȥȻתŰɾߡ
ԭأ㶣Ȼƿڴϱǲ˳ǵӿɻû㣬㡭
ʱһǿϢͻȻϮȻת˫ֺʮɲǼ䣬֮УһĴ󵶣󵶣
ֳִ󵶶Զ͵ؾһ
ͣ
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ʱҶٳСׯȥһ·ϣɫޱȵأΪܵǿϢ
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תͷҶҶ󣬲ԶһӰϮ
ǻǣ
䣡
һǿ⾳Ҷϯ
ħ֮⣡
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¡
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ͣ
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ʱҶҲͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǲǵͷת˲˫ŵ·͵ؾһ󼱿
ħ
һϢٵ
һΣҶ㴦ǲǵԴ۾ǵƤ̫̫񣬿طҲֻ۾Կ
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͡
һ貵Ļǲ˫˸ȻҶĵûƿƤͬʱǵһֻצֱҶǰ
飡
Ҷٴα˳ȥ
ʱͻȻʧԭأһ̣һֻõľͻȻǲǵͷһֻ̣õľƶȻ¡⧲֮£ֱֻӱƺС
飡
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֮ϣֻ̧ͷҶ֣˫צ͵ؾһġ
䣡
ֱӻһӰҶײ˹ȥûѡҶĵѡӲӲΪôȥһӮ
ҶҲٶȸӲӲҶԼֲ˶ã
ȻǰǲڱҶˣ
ڵĻǷǳǳĽ䱸ҶĻᣡ
Уһһٴײһ
䣡
һǿ˶Ȼ𵴿ֱ֮ӽΧһжޡǿǽһһسˡ
Ҷһͣҽ͵һ壬ֱӻһ
һ˲ƶ֮УһɳĵͻȻֱ¡
һ
·ǲͻȻһŭХȻһԾҶǵ˹ȥ
С
䣡
£һըȻƬؼ쳹ת˲дһţֱֻӵ˳ȥһɣǧɣһƬɽ֮С
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һĻһæסҶߣ
˵ţҪԶȥȻҶȴͣԭأתͷҶҶתһɱȥ

䣡
ͻȻ𣬺ܿ죬һ
ǲǵ
֮ǰҶǵĴ򶷣ܵĴˣһЩ
ϢһӰͻȻƬ֮ܳȻʧԶ
ǲǣ
󣬺üȻ׷ǼȻٶȻǣһᣬǱǽǼȻ˦
˿̣ҶҲŰɽããɽ֮С
ҶǲģֻûΣվӡˣһɾѾʧ˷Ҷνɫȴǽ
Σգ
ɽҶܹģҶʵ޷ããɽ֮棡
صȥ
Ȼôȥ
ҶŰɼԶȥһᣬͻȻͣȻŰһߡ
֪ҶܵǿĴ
ȻҶǲôǣȴɵо򲻹Ͳȥ򡣱ڴУߴܣȥʦܣҲȥ
˿̣ߵĵطԾԶʵĴڣ
ˣҶʩչ˽ڽ£˵ϢȫûйڵĽѾǵĽ򣬽䣬ԷֹЩǿǡֻҪԼʩչŪʲô󶯾һ»ǱȽϰȫġ
ţЯš
ɴʱҲֻҶߣΪҲûкõİ취ֻϣȻȥȻŲǡ
ȻԷ᲻ҲҰٷ֮ȷ
ţ֪˶ãҶͻȻͣǰԶһʬ壬ʬܴһСɽʬ壬Ȼһ̫Ŵ
ʬ岢ûͷ­Ӵ⻬羵Ǳʲôȥġ
ʬ֮ϣѾӲݣǱһ룬Ȼ˺ܾúܾˡ
ԭأҶͻȻŰɼǰߡţУ˾֮ɫ
ʬ壡
ööʬ壡
дģҲģһЩ״ģ֮⣬ϣ֮
ν֮ҲʥκĿ츫ּʥ
ʥ֮ԳΪ֮Ϊ֮ʥ󲿷ݶǴ֮ȥġʥȻҶǼǣҲǳǳѵˡؼûмԣʥǵ浽֮ϵǿõѡ
ڣöʥ
һɨȥٺüʮ
ȫסˣ
ʱҶͻȻ˽űߵһʥȻڶļ


2299 ࣡
ڰɵľĿ֮УҶе֮ȫ
ɫЩŹˡ
ڣ˵ˡҶǲװˣ
һӣȥ
ߵҶǰֱֱҶҶãȻĿһᣬҶͻȻס˰ɵ֫ɫĪһ죬ݺݵһҶȻɨһܣ뿪ɣ
һֲõĸо
ҶŰɵּǰߣţɫԽˡ
ʬһЩǣܣһЩĶ磬һֻǧɵľ޴ӡ˵ǽӡ˵һԨһռ䣬﷽ԲڣһƬޣޣҲ֮أ֮أмѭǣĿռޣ
ǴڵģռҲǴڵģǣƬռȴڣ
Ҳ޷ʲô
֮⣬һ֪ʯʯڵϣȱһšЩ棬ҪȥǣҶδɣҲ޷
޷
ǰ·һεϣ赲ˡȻ˶ûз⵽ʲô
С
һ̣ͻȻԼС

޾Խ̽棬ʵԽԼС
˼ǰߣ˲һӺǰһϥصӣӵǰһֱ֧ۡ
ϥصӣ˫΢գûаϢ
Ȼá
Ҷߵǰӵĸһ޴Ŀ棬տҲǵϵֱֻ֮УһƷ
࣡
ӵ࣡
ɷ֣ǿྐྵȻ
һĻɫһ䣬æҶˡ
⾿ʲôطüͷ
ʱҶͻȻŰɵȥãҶͣǰԶһʬ壬ͷ˫ӵ㡣˿ֻ̣ڵϣϢȫޡͷദֱһ
ѵȴͬ
ͷǰѣѪأ޶ѪȣѰǵȴڵ࣬֡¾
֮⣬ڵһĴָСѪʱŵУʱػصһֱѭ
ĥ
뵽֣ǵѪĸоĥΪѪÿһλУжᷢһЩ΢ı仯
ǱͷǱȻͬ
Ǳ״ĵҪСһЩȴе㳤ĳ࣬ǳı絶Ƭ֮⣬ҲǳأΪʱʱ֣ʱȫɼоĴڣʱһɭ亮Ҫʱȡ׼
ѵ
ʱҶͻȻѵ
һԣüͷ΢壬ҪҶܿ죬뵽ʲôͣСģ
ѵһͲҶУ˵һ¡
ɻЩģæ˹ȥ
ߵѾĴǰҶŰһԾǴͷ­ϣȻҶ˫ֱסǱĵ
Ǻܿ죬üͷ
β
ҶǱǰβǱһᣬҶͻȻóɱȻǱ͵ؾһ
д󾪣ҪֹѾҶеɱѾǱѪ֮ϡ

һͻȻڳ
ڰɾ㵵Ŀ֮УҶеɱֱѳƬ
˺һᣬȻôܡ
ҶеɱҲǷҪ֪֮ǰҶɱǻʱûгκ⡣ڣôƬˣ
һƬ
ԣҶҲЩ㣬ͣ˰кһŷ¡Ȼɣɷ˷ۣô죬Լ취
ҶתͷУһɫĽ
Թ۵Ľ
ɫһ䣬æֹҶҶһܲܲҪôԵ㡭
ʱҶеǱɫĽͻȻӿǱѪ֮С
סˣ
ЩԹ龡ӿǱѪ֮УģǱѪϢǱѪͻȻһѪת˲ǱѪȻȵҶǰڵһźɫУԹ飡
һĻüͷôܣԼû飿˵ѾڣȻЩԹ˵УΪ˵飿
Ҷûôֱ࣬סǱһֱֱ̣ȥǴͷϡ
̫ˣ
Ҷס˫ŵͬʱЩԹͻȻ˫ϣԹ鸽˫ʱǱ
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һĻޱȣҶǵ澳˫۸ǵ澳۷壬˵˫۵ԲһЩ澳ңЩԹǣֻǿ⵶
ǿ𵶣Ҳζڸʹ
ãҶ˵ʱǱֱӻһѪû֮С
ڣһϸСĺںӡǡ
ӡ絶״
ҶתߵǴĸɸԡ˵ڶѵǰȸղǰѵɸϲѡղǰѵ̫Ѫȣɷ̫ءѵȻɢɭ亮⣬ȴûɷңޱȡϧǣõ
ҶסǱȻһΡ
ͣ
ǱֱӱҶһ̣ǱȴҲҪҶ֣ʱҶüͷתڵ֮ܿ죬֮˳˫ӿǵ֮У֮һ˲ǰѵȻƽ
⡭Щ⡣ղҪҶֵģڣȻƽ
ѵŵйϵ
ԣҶŵһӡ
ͣ
һƬ𵴶ռֱͬˮһ㵴֮⣬û棬Ϣǵϣһĵۣǣ̫̫ˣϸֲۣ˵Ѿԭĵûκ
õ
ҶԣһĨϲɫǱѪɫĵΣ֪Ҷеɲһǿ˵ҶȥǻǴĻһս֮ΪпƿǻǵֻҪҶʹУҲȡʤĿܣ
뵽ʲôȡҶеǱȻǵҶ䡣
ոպã
һҶ䣬һҲΥͣ
΢΢һЦȻҶ߰ɣ
Ҷסɵ˴ʬ壬Ȼȥ
ʧԶʱǴʬϣͻȻһ˫ӡ

һЦ׵ڳ


2300 ĵۣ
أ
ҶߵһƬأһۿȥ߾ͷǳһƬߣޱ޼ʣûоͷ
ɨһܣ񽥽ƬأȻγɣǺɵġΪƬ֮ϣ

˭ʮĵطһƬأҾǲɴڣ
⵽ʲôط
ʲô
Уʡ
ûд𰸣
˼ǰߣ˴ԼʱҶͻȻͣǰԶһƴƬƬƬǸλãƬɢŵӫ⡣
ɿҶҶƬ˹ȥ
߽һƬ֮ϣ·˵ľһ
ʲô
ʱҶֱӽƬ
ɣ
ҶŰɼǰ
תͷһԵҶ֣ʵġرԸȻʱЩ޳ܣˣУǣ޳ܣˣʱһǳѪԵˡثˣ
ʵпᣬһʼͬǳѪԣǣö֮ѧЭѧãѧܡȻⲢʹˡ
Ҳһִ֮
ֻҶһ
֮УЯǰؼһƬ
ɴ塣
ûл
ڣǰߣɫЩѿƬɽ֮л̫Ŵ󣬾ϻɴ壬Ȼȴ֣Ҷɲûл
ԣվһ긾Ůǲ
߳Сһǽ˺ɽˡ
ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬Ȼתźɽȥ
ȥģͻȻʡ
ȻǽɽСһ
΢΢ҡͷڴɽΧҲûʲôǣȥɽرǸطضλĳ֡
ܾܲʲôɣ
΢΢Ȼȥ棬ȽɽǼλ
䣬ֱʧԭء
ǰʱǰԶڰŪһЩ޹ǡ
ߵǰѾͷܿܽɽˡ
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վȻתɽķ򣬡ʾס˵ţһ˫ֻ
ף
ɫһ䣬ȻƽʱûʲôףǣԻ׼ġ
ף
һֱʧԶ
ԭأעƬ󷽣ĵۣɱԾ·
һɽۡ
ŶעԶããɽ
ǽƬطˣ
ܻų𣿡
΢΢ҡͷ֪λǳ֣Ƕܣ
Ĭ

ɽҶɻڲǰߡɴʱν磬һ·̫ˡһûУܲ
ֻлصȥȫġڣôȥǷУȻҲȥķ򡣶У̫Σգ
ܵ˵˵Ĵ⡣Ϊ֪ǰ滹ʲôط̫Ѱˣ
Լʱ뿪ƬأصľͷһƬԭԭϣٻţ侫
һĨ𾪣þ
ҶŰɼǰߣһ·ϣɶе̲סˡָоò˶þͿ̤澳
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ȻҶȴǴǰȻҶΪЩ죬ûзҶǰ
֪˶ãҶͣ
ǲԶһ£±ߣһŴɫȹӵŮӡŮ˫±ߣˡ
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ҶˣҲԭأҲ޷
ڰɾ㵵Ŀ֮УŮӸüͷҶüͷλá
֮ء
һСİӰڽ֮زϴϸ֮£ͻ֣ᷢɫСһĽ£һ⡣
ɫСһȻСס

ԴҶ뿪Сÿȿʼ
˭Ҳֹ
ҪҪȥҶ
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ͻȻС̧ͣͷգ˫鶯ĴУһ˿ãȻ
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䣡
վһţһõա
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ʱС۾˲ԲСצУһõĸͷɫܽ䱸
Ǻܿ죬СױеĽ䱸˺棬һᣬ˸ͷƮŮӵǰһ̣ĸˣ
ŮĿС׵˫УɫʱŮ΢΢һЦȻ󻺻ʧ˿С
УС㶣ȻСצǰץץҪסŮӣȻʲôҲûץ
С΢΢ͷЩˡ
˺һᣬҡҡСԴȻ͵͵һܣţС«
ಣ
һ⳯ʱȥ
Ҫ֮ʱһϹǰ֮ͣУСףСǰ϶
϶ߵСǰСױ˻Ҫ͵͵ˣ𣿡
С̧ͷ϶Сצٻ߻裬ˮӿ
ҶҶ
С׵˼
϶С׵СԴǵģģһģ
˵ţ̧ͷʾͷſţĿЩˡ
ؾ
Ů˫ɿҶļֻصԭλ¡
ɿŰȹŮӣǰ
ȹŮû˵
ãȹŮͻȻڣû뵽ѡһࡣҲɡҲ⡣
ʱҶͻȻվڰɾ㵵Ŀ֮УߵŮӵȻַŮӵͷ࣬סСס
Զֱԭء


2301 û͵
Ҷָˣ
ǰеĵһͷǺܿ죬ͷ
ΪʱҶǻָǵӡ
Ҷ£ǰȹŮӲûз
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ԣɫһ䣬æܹȥҶԼߡ
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ȹŮҲҺĵطôܻһɱ˿ħأãҶûסҲˡ
˵ţվ
ʱҶͻȻУһɫĽ
Ѿܵ˵⣡
ȹŮתҶȥʱɽҶֱǰȹŮӣǰҲ֪Ϊ˭ҪɱǣʣãǸ˵ϣɱ𣿡
ȹŮͣ½Ų
ֵǰܶʱνΪ˺ãⲻ֪Ա˵˸Ҫ
ȹŮӳĬ
ʱɼǰ㿴ѾˡǣղȥǰȻǰϸܵʲôܵʲôԾǳģȻңҵĺ֪ԣ֮⣬˭ɱΨ˺ңң
ȹŮ΢΢ҡͷԼ֪ʲôڣ֪һ죬ѱʲô
ͻȻЦˡ
ЦʲôȹŮʡ
Цǰʲô֪ȴζʲôζţںΪܹʲôô𣿡
ȹŮӿɣҲɱ㣬ȥߣȥ
ЦЦˡҶȻ֪ǰǣƴһƴ
ȹŮӵ˵ҿȥ
ֱӰȹŮӣҲ˵ˣãһģҪôһȥҪôһ⡣
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£ֻ̧ɲǼ䣬һɰɫ˲סҶ
ʱҶͻȻٽһ
¡
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һԣһǿϢ԰ϯȻϢδǰȹŮӾֱϢʧˣ
һĻɫһףǰŮˣҶܵС
תͷ¶ʹ֮ɫҶҲá
˵ţ˫ۻ
ʱһڹڳһ
ͣ
ƺڹֱӷסҶǹ
棬ɱ޹ɲķ񣡡
ʱһͻȻڳ
һӰͻȻҶɵԲԶӰͺܴ󣬲࣬ɫ塣
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תͷĿǰȹŮӣ
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ȹŮջ֣һԵǵӰĵۣ̫߳㾹Ȼ־ˣ
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ΪβɱǣȹŮʡ
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ȹŮӿһ۾ĵۣȻ㲻ԣˣ̤Ƭս̤ɱ⣿
ĵ۹һЦС޿ɲһ㣬رСޡ氡棬ĪΪֻܹܵλϢһʼһܹٷ֮ٵȷ󣬵˵غȷˡҪɱͨλɣ
ȹŮֻ
֣
ĵۺٺһЦı壬һԶԶģϧֻһƾǡ
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ʱǰȹŮͻȻһӣһɫֱסҶɣת˲ֱӱ˦ʾͷʱһֻɫͻȻããʾͷ
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ʾͷͻȻһը
סҶɵŰɫ˲ըѿӰֱӷ˳ȥ
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䣬̧ͷֻ̧ɲǼ䣬ؼֱǰ̤һȻָһ㡣
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ǰĿռͻȻ˿ͬʱһε˳Щռ䲻ϳֻɫ𵴶ȥ
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浭ʧʧһ˿ǰˡ
ӣ
ǵɫӰһŭȻһСׯ˹ȥ
棬ֻһƾǡ
ǣǿĵۣҲҽɱ̫ʱȻʱףǣۿһλ䣬ҲǰȹŮӵı塣˵ǻɱλǿߵ³
һĻ
棬ɱġ
ûȥ뵱һĻĵֱԽȹŮӣСׯ׷˹ȥ
ɴ塣
飡
ӰͻȻҽ˴֮УӰҶɡ
ܿ죬ߣ򣬲˳Ҷɵǰ
ҶӵȻƵ˲תֽ
䣡
һǿ⾳ϯ
򲻹ǣҪ
ܿ죬ɫ΢䣬̧ͷʣ֮УһӰȻ
Ӱɫ˲
ĵۣ
ӰȻʶġ
ҪСӣʱǾĵͻȻ
֮У͸Ųɡ
·һۣ󣬲˿΢΢һЦô죬Ȼսˡ
ս
̧ͷ
ǧһ֮ʡ
֮磬Ҳɳǣһưɫ۵ͻȻ˳ſڡУһ
˳Уؾڡ
λ澳ǿߣʮλ澳ǿߣ
ʱɸɫ˲ˡֱվֱӣ͵ɸĽޣ
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к棬Ҳв⡣
⽣ޣɸǷһ飬Ҳʲô£
ʱӻ̧ͷɣ͵
˵ţ΢΢ҡͷһ£û͵


2302 ȥȥ
͵

ɫЩѿˡ
ΧЩǿɫЩŹˡɸ˵ǣɸһ͵ˡǣڿ͵Ǳˣ
͵ĸȫͬ
Χǿ߿ưɫ۵ʱжһ˿䱸
ܹɸ֮˶ܹȻȥˣýֺͷ붼֪Է򵥣
Ǻܲ򵥣
ӽ޻ͨؾĹȥʱɵǰ
ͣ˽Ų̧ͷɣ
ɵԵƬ̣
΢΢ҡͷУ
ҷҪأ˫΢С
ʱʧԭء

ӳֽѾɾ֮С
У˾㵵Ŀɣһ˲һڳз
꣡
ԴֱӴӲϵ
Ѫ
ֱӴסˡ
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󺧣
ǿϣֳһĨ亹ɿ澳ǿߣεȵǿ󣿼ʹǽ澳ǿߣҲôϢɱȻղλޣô׾ٵɱɣ
ʵδҲֲ̫һЩ
ʱһ׷ͻȻʬǰڰ׷ߵǰһССġɡ֡Ȼɸǿߣ
߿һɲӴģɫܿ죬󣬳һŻ۵ӡ
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ϿһӣɣۿԷֻһһɱ˸ͬ׵ɡϷȻǽ澳ɱһλ澳Էȴ׾ˣԷʵ󳬳ҵȵԤϡ
ɳĬ
ֵţҶ˶ϲһɸȥξ
˵꣬תʧԭء
ԭأɫͳ֪ʲôãԵĺԨ峤Ԩۣ峤пʲô
Ԩ΢΢ҡͷûжҾҲóˡؾÿο󣬸ʱͻԶʧҲ쵽ʱˣ
΢΢ͷͺá
˵ţ˵ϵǾͷʬ壬ܣõܣ˹ϵСͲ
ĬƬ̣תͷؾڣҶ㣬ҲͲˡұǣ
һԣԨۿһɣЩмɣǽӣͰҶϣò˵ʵеݡ

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ܿ죬һֱֻӽ˦˰ɵԡֵģǲһҪܵҶҺúվ
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΢΢һЦǾɣ
䣬˫ͻȻУɲǼ䣬ͻȻһϸСѪ˿ЩѪ˿鲼ʣһѪ

գǾĵͻȻصͦġ
䣬˫ͻȻУɲǼ䣬ֻצʡֻ޴צһɨһɨ·춼Ҫɨһ㡣
ȻЩ˿ȴǲûбֻצɨϣǿת˲ǾĵȫͱЩ˿
ͣ
ܿ죬Ǿĵȫ˿˿ѪۡȻʱһǿϢͻȻǾĵϯ
䣡
ϢĵȫµЩ˿˲仯ޡ
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ɽ֮У̫ŴƺƵɴ屼
һ̣ؾĴض
ʱһưɫֳֳۣӳɴĴڣ


2303 ǣȷʵ
һᣬɴѾ̫ŴŰΧ
ɴ屻Χ˸ˮйͨ
ڴӳֽ
ɨһ۳УĿǲǿеľĵͣһ¡ܿ죬ĿҶϣҶʱһĨ죬Ȼ󻺲ߵҶǰ
ʱ˶ڿưɫ۵ӡ
ɽ䱸Ŀӡ
һԵĲҲˣ
ͻȻֵĽޣ˽Ǻܽ䱸
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̫
УɫЩŹˡ
̫ĵЩ̫Ŵ̫
û

ʴ˾ĵ۵ĴЦһᣬһӰǰ࣬˵Һ
ӵ˵ͷû֮⣬ֻǣǣȷʵ

ĵŭЦ㿴ʲôǿأ
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ʧѾǾĵ
סܿ죬ǲͫȻһڣǾ֮ɫ
ͣ
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ʱǿͷ­ͻȻԣУ֮ɫ
ת˲Ǿĵ۵ͻȻǿͷ­ȻһĹʧããʡ˿̣ѾߵȺǰЩ׷׳ȥ
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ɴڣʯ
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ԣüͷ΢壬ΪǺпܵ飡
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΢΢ͷǳ
˵꣬ߵһԵѾԣȻѾԶȥ
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ɽ꽣ҶһƬأһ·ϣûκδ
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ܿ죬꽣ͣұ߲ԶƬռ·Ӳȥһ㡣
꽣޴һۣȻ̫ʱǿߵʱ
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ϧʲô
ʱһͻȻڳ
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꽣ջĿ⣬ϧδ̫ţ
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ޣ
꽣΢΢ҡͷҲޣֻһܡ
һܣ
ؼ䰲

ɴ壬һʯǰ
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ģЩԹܵġʣµʱһӶ⵶ģ
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һᣬط档âʱϢһ壬ʱ羪ף纣Хɽʮ޵лҪ£Ϊܶʱ򣬵㷢ĴʱѾˡ꣬λ⵶ɱҹŵһλ棬Ҳӵʮ޵еλ棡
˵꣬Ҷû뵽СС
ɵǰʮ޵еûطǿ
΢΢ҡͷʮ޵ȲطҪǿǣط֮أսʱһϢӳȥǷǳµģ˵ǹ׶㣬ѷ
˵ţָһ㣬ʮ޵ҶǰҶܵĽסʮ޵Уǣһס̲סһ
̫̫ˣ
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ɵ˵ͷȻҶǱ
ձϣҶµĵֱ˿ˣҲһ˲
ÿһҶͱǱ޵˺ɽһʼҶԵúǳģһļ֣ҶԽԽӦǱˡ


2304 ˫һ
ò˵ʽǼΪġ
ʼҶ߲˶ԶͻᵹڵϡǣÿһȻߣߵײΪֹһĻÿζһʹ
ʱ֪Ҷһʵˣ
ƴŬģ
Ҷı֣Ҳõ˷ǳ⡣ر򣬶ܳԿĵӣʦȻǱ˭ġɲһĿ࣬һʼҶţ嶼ˡСȴһԣߣ
̫ѵˣ
ȻҶָ϶ǷǳкġˣÿɽΪҶѰҩȻ壡
˵ûЩҩĸҶѾԲˡȻڣڸһҲǳԵġ
ϧǣԼڵǵԶԶ޸ʱԼȻת͸ˣҪĺ⡣ڣòģһ帺عȣǾҪˣ
ˣЩҩǷǳҪġҩģģҩģ˫۵ġһһȥҶ˫۶ڲСҲԽԽӦǱ󵶣Ѿܹ·ˡ
һ죬Ҷٴ˺ɽͣȻһյش
΢΢һһɫĽС

ҶͻȻһ̣˫žǰ͵ؾһ

һ£
ͣ
ռֱӱһ˺ѿȻδµһ˲һͬһʱ£ֻһ䵽һʱҶֱӵ˳ȥ
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飡
涼Ҷҳһӡ
ܿ죬ҶȻʮ޵гԶȥ
һ¹ȥÿһ죬ҶһνÿζֻһΣΪһ֮ͻƣ
һ֮С
ҶڴϣȫŴơ
ԣǰɣ˿̣һɫСƿҶͿ塣һʼɻЩŲôѾϰҶ塣ÿĶˣҲˣɶŲġ
ÿͿҩᷢһЩɸ˵飡
һΣҲ⣡
дɫȻ˵
һʱ
ҶӴȻҶߵ˴ڣĿҶããɽһʼģÿζҶɽȻҶƺԽԽЩȻҪΪǹɷħ֮ⱻѹһ£Ȼǲ
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壡
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ʱҶͻȻ˱ϵĴ󵶡
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ת˲ѾǰǿĳֱõҶܵĿռѿ
ʱҶͻȻһ̣Ž͵ؾһµһ˲ͬһʱ䣬һֱ£


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ȻҶһɽܣǾĵȻˣû䡣ңɽ֮УǿĴЩҶܹġˣÿεҶɽʱ
ҶղĬãȻɬһЦǽǿ㣡
˵꣬תȥ

Ҷɴʱǿ˲֪ٱĵҲ˵ͻͽ˵ڵһ澳ǿҶǰȻȴǽҶĽ
ԭҶĽѾնɱ澳ǿˣ
ҶĽҲղţ֮ǰҶһ˲ʩչν򣡶ڣѾܹˣ
ˣʱҶٶ뷴Ӧϣϣõ˴ȵͬʱٶҲڴ
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뽣ҶУǸûʲô𡣷ɱ˵ģ
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Զ棬Ҷٴ˵֮С
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Ȼõ˴ǿǣʮ޵Уȫʹã
ʱд󿳵ֱӳҶ˹ȥ
ϵأһ·ϣĽ
ܿ죬ҶǰеĴֱӳҶȥһ·Ҫһ㣬ǹƣǿϢ
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ٵһ
ٴײһ
䣡
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˫۹ѣ
ʱȴٴŵҶ˹ȥʱԶҶͻȻ˫Ŵ󵶳͵һ
Ƴգ˺һУ
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˿Լ̧ͷȥ˿̣Ҷ֮УһڵĽҶ֮Уǲط棡
ҶǱʮ޵У
˫һ


2305 ̫ս
˫һ
Ҷ֮УЩ𾪣Щϲһ˿ӡ
𾪵ǣҶȻܹһνӣûһΥͣңܹһԵӳ˵Ҷһ״ǽ澳ǿ߶һԵϲǣҶһ񣬵뽣Уʹõûκϰ֮䣬Ҳûκγͻ
Ȼǧ;ͬ飬ǣվġҶʹʱȴܹںϣûκεϰϲĵط
ҶȻΪĵӣǣûҶҶĽѾ˸ߵĳɾͣڷǾԲˡĵǣҶĽ뵶ͻ
ڿҶԼûгͻ
иӵǣҶͣ˾磬Ѿӵսò˵ǿࡣĵ츳ԶҶ֮ϡ
ʵ֤츳ܾһУ
ٴο˿Լǵ˺ۣȻҶСӣԳʦˡ
ʦ
һԣһǰ
ǵʱѾˡǵʱ䣬Ҳˡ
˵꣬תȥ
ǰ
߻ڡ
Ӧúܺط𣿡ʡ
ɵ˵ͷصĵطһֱ档
һƬսһƬ̫սﾭһսһΣ̫Ŵ̫Ŵۣ䡣һλ̫Ĵܣ֮ʣñ֮ӡƬս֮ԷӡƬսĿһǲ˽
Ƭս̫̫ǿߣЩǿߵʬ壬Լʬ壬ǰ̤ڶĿģǲһЩȥһδսһЩѾ䣬ǣһЩʵǻ
˵⣬̧ͷʾͷׯʵ֮֡ׯʱһׯһСֻСƬսܽλڷӡʱͬСһͬӡ˽ȥׯǸС
Ϊʲôô٣
΢΢һЦѾͷˣǻ
ɳĬ
С֮УҲǿߣЩ̫Ŵ̫ŴۣҪĶࡣһʼҪƿӡȻȴλ̫µķӡѹ磬̫ŴһΣǿ߲䣬СҲϱΧЩɡڣֻʣӡ
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ЦôܡǲòŹΪһʼЩҪ뿪Ȼȴ˷ӡѹһЩֱӱӡɱһЩҲˣһΣǵĻˡСǿһηɱඥԺȺҲԪˡΪˣ֮һѵõĺƽ
Ϊʲô˿ԽˣͻȻʡ
Ϊӡƻˣ
ƹӡһΣȻûƵӡȴҲӡ֮飬õ÷ӡʧ⣬ӡСһЩҲΪˣطЩСˣԽҲԳȥΪ̫žǷӡ֮ǲһȥ
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Ц˭Ӻֳȥ𣿡
ɣ
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ʣѾԳȥǾģ
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˺һᣬֵѾͷǷӡ֮鲻ǲǲʵͿԳȥǣȥѾС֪նȥǺԣһֱչˡֱǳ֣ڶ֪ΪλѡСӣϾߵӿڵģǣûѡЩˣ
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ΪҶѾʼõˣ
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ѾڰԵҶҡҡͷСƢĸģԺҪЩ
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˲ݣվȣԽݣվԽȡҾãС鷳Уǿ϶Եģ
ҡͷһЦԸɣ

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ǣɲ⡣
һ۰ҶȻԧȷȥ֮Ҿûڴˡڣҽ͸Сӡ
ʦ
ɿһҶȻ
΢΢ҡͷ㲻õʲôСһˣȻ㵱ǱŮˣǣԸ񣬸һҵҲ̫࣬Ůˣһ֮һϲˣףȻˣͲҪκιǡʦ˵һ仰ȻҾЩ̫ԣ
ʲôɺ档
㲻쳤ؾãҲҪӵС
ɣ
ѾͷҲһҪǿŮˣ֪СǰȴһĴҹ㡣ȥܷ֮չʲô̶ȣҲ֪ҲϣʲôѪ顣
˵⣬ҶҲţҲῴˡ
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תͷҶ
ҶĬ˺þãȻ΢΢һȻ΢΢һһɫĳ̯ǰ
Ƭսõһ֮ܳպʺá
̯ϵǱֱסˡǱ֮ϣ֡ЩŤȴȻϲá
ſţͻȻЦЦԽԽ󡭡
ڡ
ҶͻȻͣԣľϵߡҶͻȻߵԣһΣûõߣԣһոµĺ««ڣǾơ
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Ѿ
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2306 ؾ
ڡ
ľϵͻȻһ̾
ڣ˫ۻ֪ףѡ
У̯ǰеɱͻȻ΢΢һ٣㾿㵽ʲô

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ܿ죬ɴǺɽѾʧ
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ܿ죬һС
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ţͷ
ôֻ
ԣѾôֻһμأ
ɫ֮УһĨءȻҶʵѾõ˴ǣҲرûݣ
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׽㣬һ𣿡ʱѾһҶʡ
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ҡͷһЦ𣿡
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ʱѾѾ̫Ŵǰò˵ѾǽС̫Ŵǰͺñһֻվһǰ
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Ѿ˿ԼȭͷȻ̧ͷԶŴһﻹ
ʱԶ̫ŴͻȻһȭߺ˹
ѾգգۣȻ˵Ҷ󣬡Ҵˣ
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ʱҶͻȻһԾ̫Ŵ˹ȥת˲һâһţڰѾĿ֮УʵҶͻȻγ˱Ǳʮ޵УȻ·͵ؾһ
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飡
ҶǱʮ޵ֱ̫Ŵȭͷϣǿ˲佫̫Ŵٴˣˣ̫Ŵȭͷֱ˿ֻѿ˱棬ΪûмѪ෴ҶǱֱӱصɶء
УҶһ죬ǵɶصĴֱС
飡
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䣡
ʱԶɽ֮ͻȻһţ̫Ŵֱӱǧ⣬ҶҲͣ
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˿̣ҶȻҲǴˡûڳ֣
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2307 ⣡
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ʵֻ̫̫СţΪ֪̫СĿġ
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Ҷ˫֮гɾתͷԶɸ澳ǿߣ󣬲Ҫҿ㣬һ



2311 룬ɱ

Ҷһʱ˾㵵Ŀ֮Уɸ澳ǿ߾Ȼֱתʧʡ
ˣ
һĻ峤ɫѿ
ɸǿߣý澳ǿߣôˣ
սӣ

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ղҶһɱ澳ǿߣ
֮ǰҶĵ̫ǿƣ̫ԵˡڴҶǱʶǣҶɻһޣ
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ҶĵֲܿǣĽֲ
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ʱԶʼԴͻȻЦý澳ǿߣȻ޴̶ֳȣ
˿ʼԴϡ
ʼԴϿҶû´ҶǰڵӦʣ˰ɣǿĽ뾫źܴģͬˡȻҶԸߣ𣿡
ԣ˻Ȼʡ

Ҷղɱһλ棬ǣܹʩչǿĽ澳ǿȥ
˵ղ澳ǿ߲ߣȻֵĻǺпܻɱҶģ
ڣҶȻѾָһЩ
ѾɱҶõʱˣ
УʼԴ⣬峤һۣǺԨ峤Ԩվ˳Ҷ飬岢޹ϵǴ˿ȥ֮ĶԹɷӴһʹ
ȻɱˣǾֻͣ
һʹ
ҶʵɱңǺһʹ𣿾ղţ֮ԳǾüɸ澳ǿߣԾɱôͣ
Ԩ۳ҶһһҶల£αҪŪһ

ҶͻȻЦһãҶԸһֻ׷ɱҵȫҾͷŹ壬Ҫľ峤ôԸΪԼԼ𣿡
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ʼԴ۵ĳ֣ɸϣ
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ڣʼԴΣʱ̣ʼԴַʽٴγʼԴǡ
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ʣҶʼԴۣ㱾岻֣ҿɾҪʼԴˡ
ʼԴ΢΢һЦûκһܹʢ˥ʱѾϵʼԴպֿܡһ֪һǰ˵ţʼԴϣ˵˵
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ʼԴ΢΢ͷѵǡʼԴ岢δɱŮӣ

ʱһǿϢͻȻסʼԴϣʼԴתͷҶҶֱʼԴϣû
ʼԴϿҶʼԴĳڴʼԴ;ʱһӣӾŮӡ
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Ҷ˫ۻʼԴΪƭ˵ɱ
ʼԴϵһ˵ֻû뵽ҶȻһŮ˿أǿЦ
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ʱһѩĵͻȻʣ·ʼԴǼȥ
·ʼԴ˫΢У̧־һ㡣
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ҶǵѪɫֱըѿȻʱҶͻȻʼԴ۵ͷţһɫĽֱ¡

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ҶұڵĿռһ˲ֱӱѣʼԴֱըѿ
ҶĨĨϵѪȻûϵ룬ɱ
£ҶŴ󵶳Զ˹ȥ


2312 䣡
ʼԴڣҶʬҰ
ѪԴԴϵĳҶеĴ֮л۶ȥǱʮ޵д˿ɢѪϢֱ޷ݡˣŲϻ۶ѪԽǿ
Դǧ棡
ʱʼԴͻȻŭ֮Уһ˿
ʼԴڡ
䣡
ҶͻȻͣеĵڵϣ˲˿
Ҷ̧ͷʼԴϣ˵
ʼԴҶʶǰϾҲΪˣԷڼʱ֡ʼԴҲԷȷʵڴǧֹ
Ҷ˫ۻҴ֪˭ˣ
£ɾʹ˰ݣ
ʱʼԴͻȻڡ
ҶʼԴۣݣأ
ʼԴߵҶǰԶֻҵһʶκβ㡣Ҿã֮£ˣأ
Ҷû˵תͷʼԴϣҳ֣Լ֣
ԶʼԴ˫΢У˫ֻʱʼԴͻȻЦҶ㶯֣һΣʼԴˣʼԴˡʼԴ䣬ʼԴ䡣ǰһҶĸУҿԴǧһžǿ˺̶ֳȣ
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ȼգʼԴϢԽԽǿϢѾ澳ǿߡһ̣ʼԴϹЦڴЦ֮УֱӻһŻ泯Ҷ˹ȥ
֮ռֱȼճޣ
ԶҶɫ䣬УһɫĽԹ۶ɵĽ
Ҷ˫΢գʼԴǰλʱҶͻȻ۾Ȼ˫Ž͵س·һ

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ʱʼԴͻȻҶ㱣֤ʼԴֻһˣߵˣҸĻر
ҶûлػѾʧԶ
֮ʼԴԪˣʧʷ̨ʼԴĵ澳ǿߣǰǧ֮⣬ѾҶɱˡ
ûǧ꣬ʼԴܻص۷״̬

ʼԴ⣬ҶڵأУɾ
ǿһʣǽ
ڵһ˲ʩչν򣬶һ澳ǿ߶סǣһҲ󡣲ãڵѾﵽ澳ȫԳס⽣
е㲻ø㣡

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ʱԶͻȻһѩ׵Ľ⣬ҶȻ̧ͷת˲һСİɫӰǰСף
Ҷһ̣Сһ¾ͿȻֱӷɵҶǰ˫צҶĺһᣬҶͱС׿޳ûˣ
Сף
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ܿ죬Ѿ̫СҲҶǰĿҶϣϴšѾ̫С򲻶ϴҶеСף
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ãСЩĨĨ۽ǵˮȻСצһӣһɫСҶǰ

ԴҶ뿪һֱСײţΪҶģ˭ҲšڵСףû˸ǵģرҶʧܹԹģҲ϶С컹ҪʫˡңҶڵʱС׵ƢǷǳģҪøͷˣ
ǰĺҶһĨӣС׵СԴȻ򽣾أ
ڽ֮أ
Ҷ˵ͷлˡ
һҶȻڻȥ𣿡
ȥ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷһкööҪأ
׼𣿡
ݣ
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˵⣬̧ͷңԶʾͷڸղţɸǿ߳棬峤ӰΪǾü澳ǿߣɱҡߣΪûɱңŲţֻҪǻᣬǶҶ˿飡
Ĭ
ƽĶۣɱҶĻᣬǾԲġҶڲ֣һж𣿲ģ
պֻҪоɱҶĻᣬԲġ
ҶյڣɲǼ䣬ڵĺ˲ʱ˿̣Ҳõĺˡ
ҶһۻеСףȻЦߣȥֹȥ
ССԴ㡣
ҶһֱӻһʧʡԣѾֻ̫Сн
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Ҷһ۽ȻתͷԶСף˿̣СϴСţʱʱķɵСţԴϣȻСצСţţǣȻֻСţȴһҲ
ҶջĿ⣬Ȼ˲Զããɽɽ֮УһųǣųܣȺɽơ
壡
طǱǡ
Ҷ˻δǣһ޴ĹĻͻȻգĻֱӽųǸ
飡
ҶŽС׵ųǳǰǵĻҶ̧־һ
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һѪ쵶Ƴգ˲ǵĻ֮ϡ
䣡
ĻȻըѿ
ʱһͻȻǳǽ֮ϡ
Ǳ峤죡
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⣬ҶŴ󵶻Źųȥڵϣһ·Ľ
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ǽ£ҶһǱ죬Ȼ˴󵶣תС׵˳Զȥ
ǽ֮ϣ彥ģԽԽ͸
峤
ڣ˶ʱ밧


2313 
ǽ֮ϣԽԽãҶ˳ʧʺǷһĨЦݣȻ󳹵ʧ䡣
ɣ
Ҷһ̣еһ˲ȫϨˡ
ҶŹ壡
ҪҶŹЩˣֻһ·

׷ɱҶĵ澳ǿߣ֮⣬ѾȫҶնɱҶݡֻпܻľƽ
ʵʼԴϻⱱ죬ǲ֪Ҷ֮˰벽ҪԭǰϾš

ңԶʾͷҶС
ʱСףѾָյ飬ҶǰԶŽһֻСצϻӶţСצӶһⲻʾͷ

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ÿɰҶԣͻȻǰֻСһӡеȫһӡУָ߸ϣһеĴڡʵϣҲȷʵˡ֮Уʲôܹһλġ˵Ƕֻ̤Ǹ߲档
ڣǰֻȫһֻֻȵļһ
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˵⣬ҶӦ֪̫֮ʱ˵̫ʱ۷ʱڣҲ޷Ǳ߱ȼ硣ǱߣǾܾߵߣߵߣ޷֮ǲϣǵ磡
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Ҷǵֱըѿֻ֮лޣ
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2314 㲻
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2315 ɱ񫣡
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2316 
ɱ񫣡
ҶƽȴõƬһ˲䰲

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µһ˲ҶͻȻѿѪܽ俪


2317 

µһ˲ؼͻȻըѿ
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2318 壬ɸ
ʫ˵ҪĿģǽҶ͵׵۳ǡ
ҶĻָò˼죬ͿԳ׻ָϵˡֻҪҶ˻ָôɸҪɱͲһ׵顣Ȼܲܰȫﵽ׵۳ǣ˰׵۳ǺܲܵסɸЩǲûڣѾûб·ˣ
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2319 ˳֮ˣ
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2320 Ǿս
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䣬ҶͻȻ˫ۣѪֱָ񣬡ɸҪսǾս


2321 澳
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֪ҶʵɸȻڴɽ澳ǿ˵˰벻ǿ֮⣬ǽ澳ǿġ
Ȼ˿ɫȴصġΪ֣ǰλ˵ʵĻҪǿ
ʱͫȻһǰһѪһ
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΢΢ףһ̣˫¶͵ؾһ
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Ƭ̣һͳͻȻڳ𣺡澳ǵ澳


2322 ɸˣ
澳
ʱҶѾ澳ǵ澳
ֻһףǣҶ˵ȴر
Զ߲ûӣҶصͷű¶Լʵʵ
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ʮ޵вԽԽȻֱҶ֡
䣡
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ʣǱʮ޵вԽԽԹƣģǱʮ޵ɢϢԽԽǿ
ڣһٽ㡣
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˵ѾˣҶ׵۲ֹڵʵ»ԶԿԷ
׵΢΢һЦȻҶеǱʮ޵Уؼ䣬ֱһָĴڣҲ֮ͬǰÿһƬ棬ȻҲпûСȻԶ˵ôãҶûӵһֻһα
˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵһ֣ʥ֮ͺñеǱǾʥ֮Ǻġʥ֮ȲǣȴҲΪĲסеˣ

Ҷ⣬
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2323 Ҷɻţ
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ʵڵҶԽԽ¡ЩˣˣҪˣʧеġ
ҶţǱʮ˭ܳܵסı
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νԴ죬ɸڵأ֮Ա֮ΪԴ죬ΪһһǳΪɸǾȻϣԶԶڱĵطң֮绹дԣ˵ɸܻ
ڸķּ֮ͬ磬Ϊ֣ʥ
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2324 Сףǣ
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ͬʱɽܣԴԴϵĽ⳯۶
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ʱһͻȻɽ
Ҷ̧ͷȥԶǵٴ𣬡⽣̫ʱڵһα֮֮
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ǵҶɸɲѰ鷳ֻҪȥ
ԣҶüͷɸˣ
ʱһЦͻȻʾͷ𣬡ɱ
Ҷ̧ͷƶˣңԶƶԼɼһŮӡʱŮֵС֣ɸʱ䣬Ϊɸĸڸϻ·ϣԷǸϻأûлĻ˹
ҶһŮӣȻ̧ͷɽҪȥԣɸȥ׷ɱҵĵ澳ǿλ벽ͷͷҾȥ
ڽ֮սߣǻǵá
Ҷ㲻Ҫôߣ
ǵͻȻȥɸ㣬ɸֻǲ뱻ðˡִԲɸ
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Сף
ҶָָԶҿˣСףǣ
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ŽСװ˽֮УȻС׷ɵҶǰһЦȻѽҶ䡣
ľҶģҶľҶġ
ҶģҲôΪ
ҶС׵СԴȻЦȥ
Сȴҡҡͷתͷһܣܿ죬۾һҪɽȥҶۼֿ죬æסȻСǺܼСצָԶ۾ôģˣֻʹţһҪȥģ


2325 ɸ֮
ôܣ
ʱɽͻȻһŵţһ׷ͻȻҶǰ⡣
߿Сףš
С׿һ۰׷ߣʱҶС׵ƨɣС׵תͷԴϲҶš
Щߣ
СױҶŪ˺СһڽʱĿһԶ
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ͻȻŭҶٸԼһֻ⣬ϷҪ
ʱҶͻȻߵǰһ̣һֱ¡
ɫ΢䣬תɲǼ䣬˫ֱӳ棬ţ˫۳һܡ
䣡
˫ӲסҶһȻȴǱҶеسɣ߸һͣһɫɵѾǰ
һĻɫ䣬˫۽ųǰ͵ؾһҡ
䣡
һը˲䵹˳ȥͬʱһ˫ֱѪ߷˳ȥ
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Ҷ˽ں治𣿷Ҫ
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һնɱߺҶԶȥ
ʱһӰͻȻҶǰ治ԶӰ֮ǰɸڸϻŮӡŮһ㱡ĺɫڣԷò
һɽҶɢ˳ʱŮͻȻֵܱᣬûҪ赲ֵܵ˼
˵⣬ŮӶ˶٣ȻֵұȽϺֵܸղֻȳ裬ղûпϸֵܿɷϸƣ
ҶһŮӣȻǲС
ֻǺ棡Ůӵͳ򣬲𣿡
Ҷ˽еĽû˵ԶɸȥߵŮԲԶʱŮͻȻСֵܣʽΣҲϵǼˣֻҪԸ⽫ղǸСһңҲҪϵļһα㽻ңǲڴ⣬ô
Ҷͣ½ŲȻתͷԵŮӣڶʩ𣿡
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ҶűߣǱʮ޵УУǲط棬ĵϣѪϵ¶Χʮʬ壡
ÿһʬ嶼һΪʮ룡
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Ҷ˴󵶣ȻۡȥʱһͻȻۡſڡ
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һҶȻҶ㾿ʲô
Ҷûͣ½ŲҪô޴𣿡
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ҶЦЦСɱƭңҿǻǵ벽ͷ֪Ӧû𣿡
ԣɫûǣˣʮڣڶʲôвϾûкͲܷһ·
·
Ҷͣ˽ŲֱɸΪβһ·
Ĭ
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ԣɫʱѿҶҪɸǿΪɸ㲻ɣҡ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǰת˲һֱ䡣
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¡
䣡
ɸǰֱӳһ׵Ľۣ
ת˲ҶͻȻҽ͵һ壬˳ƶ֮Уһ˲һǧɵĵͻȻƶ֮бֱ䣬ǿĵնأ
·ͺرпһ۰㣬ޱȣ
ʱ·ɸ֮Уһ޴ĹĻͻȻĻֱӺҶǵ֮ϡ
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һת˲ǵĻֱըѿ
ʱһѪɫĵͻȻ׹£ѪʶʱһѪۡ
ʱһɿֲϢͻȻɸ֮ɢ˳
𣿡
ĳռ֮УһͻȻ
ãɸǾҪûˣһ
ɸƵ̶ֳȣˣ˲ˡ
ȷʵ˲á

Զɸ֮УǹɿֲϢɢҶǱѪɫĵͻȻͣ˿Уʲô赲ס
һ˲һˮɫȹŮͻȻɸ֮˳
Ůÿһռ;һģս
ܿ죬ŮߵǱѪɫĴǰŮӿһǱʮ޵УȻָһ

һҶǱʮ޵ֱӹѿһʱ䣬ҽԵ
ԹĲҽ


2326 ʲô
ʣҶƶ֮л׹䡣
ʱˮɫȹŮĿҶϣһҶĿ⣬Ǹӣĸӣһڿһֻһ
ҶһУǱʮ޵лصǰ
ǰѾѵʮ޵УҶĬϢһӣʮ޵յ˺ڡ
澳
ʱԶŮͻȻһ澳ȻɸƵ˵ز
˵ţͷ·ɸθǺˡ
֮ǰ·ԶŮ΢΢һ񣬡ʦڴ˵أѾ֪ͨ˿Ӧڸϻ·ϣ
Ůɨһ·Ȼֵɸû𣿡
䣬һ˿С
һæͷ˵
ŮɨһɸĿɨһʣСһȥ
£һӡ
䣡
ԲʮڵĿռʱһУըͬʱһϢ糱ˮ㳯ȥ
Ϣ֮䣬ɸϿգֻʣҶŮӡ
ʱŮӵĿҶϣƷֻܳΣѾֹΣһΣǵһʼԴ۵ˣ˵һ㣬ƺ˲ֹһ㡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦȥ壬Ϲһֻû뵽ɸҲһϹпɽð
ɽ
Ҷһ·ĿɽĪϵˡϧɽѾûˡȻҲûбԹΪһʼߵڣһֱţˣֻпԼ
ԶŮ˫ָ󣬡ҿʱʲôرĵط
Ҷ˵ͷã
£ҽ͵һ壬ֱӻһ
ˣ
𵴾
ռֱӱ˺ѿһľ޴ӳɸϿյʡ

ǰŮˣҶû˿Ĵӣһֱ֣Ӷý
ԶŮޱ飬ľڿһֻϣûӣֻĮ
ҶĽŮӲ໹ľʱŮͻȻָ

һڳͻȻ
ҶĽŮü仹аʱָͣסҶĽ⣡
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ŮӿһҶȻָһ
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꣡
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ҶǿҲǿɸʼˣλʼ˲һƷ
ʣŮӿ˿Լָ֣һССĽۣССĽۣŮǷһĨЦݣ̧ͷԶҶ˲һ𣿡
ԶҶĨĨǵѪͷеĽףڽѾƣȻСǣѾˡ
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ת˲һֱŮӵͷ

ӳ˵澳Ľ򣬶ң
һΣҶֱʩչν
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أ
Ů˫΢УûжҶڶµһ˲һ˫׵ͻȻסҶĽ
Ů˫ֺסҶĽ˳ÿһ£ռΪ֮𣬿Ҷһ֮еǺĿֲ
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Ҷ˫ŽеĽ޷ֺ
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ħ
һһ磬νӵûһ˿϶ȻҶÿһգ
գ
Ůӷ·֪ĵ㣬ÿһȥŮȴѾǸλáУֻ˺
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ҶͣŮվǰԷλ֮ǰλøûб䣡ңŮָУĽף
ŮǷһĨ
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ţ
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ţ
ҶŮӲϣľϣӵоԵţ
ȻʱҪ֪Ҷһʱˣ˵߳ʱҶûг
ԶҶ˫ۻ
һ˲ҶͻȻ˫ۣ˫۵һ˲һڳһһֱ̣ӳŮӵͷ
һ



ռޣ
µһ˲ɸϿյĿռһ˲ǱɸϿһƬڣˣǿĽ·ʼ
أ
Ļأ
䣡
ʣһٻӰֱӱ˽ǧɵľ룡
ٻӰɸʦ
˿̣ɸʦѾЩˡ
ҶȴѣѪȫһᣬ˱ǳΪһѪˡܿ죬ЩѪʧȫʮ޵գ
ԼѪ
ԶŮӿ˿Լģ֮УһĽۣѾпƣ˵߷
Ĭһ˲Ů̧ͷҶһ̣뵽һ£Ǿǰˣǵ澳
Ůջ˼Ȼ󻺲Ҷȥò˵ȷʵӣҲӣ
£һӡ
䣡
һǿ˲佫Ҷɵǧɿ⡣
ۣ
ҶУѪ磬ˣȫƸӵĴˡǰкȻ飬ûҪĳ̶ȡڣŮһҶѣҲ֮˿
ŮӲûͣ½ŲҶȥŰɱϣûκȤ㣬ЩȤָٶȲǺܿҿָٶȿ죬һĿ죡
䣬̧𣬾Ҫ֡
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䣡
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ת˲һСŮӳŮӵǰˣСŮֻסŮӵĲӣ
СŮֱɸʦŰɱʲô
£СŮֻսɸʦķ˲


2327 ȸ
֮
ɸʦͻȻֵĽСŮӣǺˣ
СŮӲû˵ֿɸʦĺ·һ
䣡
ɸʦֱӱӵ·ɸ֮УɸȻըѿ
СŮӲûڳ֣תҶ
Ҷʱģʱٴ˲
СŮͻȻתͷȸ
䣬ֱӻһĹʧɸ֮Уһ̡
䣡
ɸͻȻһʱ䣬ҽɸ֮쳹
һᣬɸֱӻ˳
գһĹͻȻĹɢȥǽСŮӣڽСŮӵǰɸʦ
һĹɸʦ䲻ֺܶ
ɸʦ˫ۻҵ֪ʲôСǳ̲ϺϷˡ
СŮǷһĨЦ˵㱾岻ڴ˵𣿱һᣬ㱾ٴ˵أܲնɱ㱾𣡡
ƾ㣿ɸʦۿСŮӣкż
СŮɸʦתԶҶȥ
ַҶü䣬ܿ죬һҶ۶ȥ
ʱһֻë׵СԴҶؿ˳СŮʱС۾ʱԲܿ죬һ·ɵŮӵļϣȻԴϲŮӣ߲仹߿ޡ
ǰλСŮӲǱˣǴǧŮ
㣡
С׵СԴ֮кһĨɫ
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С׵СԴȻޣµġ
ʵɫҲЩѿղһ㣬ҶǾûˡ
ں֮޸£Ҷ˽ָ
ʱҶ˫ۣ㡭
΢΢ͷоΣ
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ɱˣͻȻ
Ҷ㣬⡣
Ÿɱġ
ҶĬãȻƾұɱȻǣԺģ
Ҳٻǰ߷֮Уһ꣬кô
ɣ
Ҷ㶣Ȼԣ
壬һطΪɻꡯط˵аΪɵԽǿԽ࣬ôԽࡣûд㣬·ߵ̫ƫֻǣ뵽Ѿߵĺƫˡ˷պÿɱһˣһ꣬󡭡
ΣҶæʡ
㿴һҶȻЩ궼ڣһҪʱԽЩԼǽǶԵУܲɵ㹻ԽЩ֮Լľ磬ǰλ꣬ڶʱڴﵽ澳
ԣҶ۾һطһöԹĿһ㣬ҲǵģΪʲô㴫ڸأ
֪Ҷ룬µ˷̫ң̫˷Լܲң˷ħŭߵʿȺֻ֮û뵽ѾȺ֮ˣ
Ҷ
û˵ʲôָһ㣬һĹûҶü䡣
ܿ죬һϢҶС
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ãҶɫЩŹ֣ԣطȷʵе˵꣬Ҳ˵Ҫ˼ֻصĻᶼûа
һ˳ʧ䡣
ϲ

ǵÿˣԴˣ㲻˼ҾţɸᣬԷԻҶóģ
ջ˼ҶߵɸʦǰҶƷѾ࣬ܿͻʧˡ
ҶûǰɸʦҪ֣ɸʦͻȻǻڼġ
Ҷ˵ͷ϶ģ´μ棬һһһģ
£Ҷ̧һ¡
䣡
ɸʦƷֱըѿƬɢ䡣Ҷ΢΢һӣɲǼ䣬֮УһĹ⣬ЩĹ⾡ЩƬա
Ҷϳ顣
ָо
ãҶջĿ⣬Ȼ·ɸ˿̣ɸѾ׻˳ڷӴܡ
ӣ
ɸ˵ˡ
Ӵ澳澳澳ȫ˵δɸ֮ʧ
ʱСͻȻסҶ֣ȻָŲԶ
жҶʡ
ССԴ㣡
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СתͷҶգգۣȻתͷԶţҶԶȥ
С׵Ĵ£Ҷɽ
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Ҷ˵ͷԽߣľȾԽߣҲԽࡣ
Сף˿̣С۾һգһգģֻСצϵţҪץʲô
һᣬСͻȻͣȻСצҶ˰ڣʾͣҶһۣһ¡
ʱСһɽǰһɽڣȻСצãһᣬ۾һֻСצֱɽ֮ϡ
䣡
ɽھһţɽڡꡱһ˿ģһɫĳëҶ˵ǰ
˫΢֮ϣ˸ŵĹ⡣
ԶСҿ˿˫צһëʹĳȴ뵽ʲôһ
ͣ
ɲǼ䣬С׻۶ȥˣЩɫĳëͻȻЩ
˭
ʱһŭͻȻԳ羪ը죬ţؿʼҲ
Сһæļϡ
Ҷǰɽ忪ʼ̳
ҶС׳ǧɣ˿̣Կи··ͻȻҷܿ죬һͷ­Եص˳
ͷ
ɫͷ
С׸ղЩɫë룡ֻ˿̵֮ǰ
䣡
ͻȻѿţһͷɫľͻȻʿС

һһʥ
Уǿ˫۶ʱЩˡ
ʥңȣҪĴڰ
һʥĳЩۺ죬ǣһȴȫԡ
ܿ죬ΧռͻȻ΢΢ȻڴϢȥ
㿴һգбһƬ
ʱͻȻŭ𣺡˭űߣ
·СͻȻһ׹ǰ
Сףʱסˡ
СգգۣȻһ
ͣ
ɢʱ࣬ͬʱҲԼЩˡ



2328 ǿ
¶˾֮ɫһֱɣ
ȥС㶣Ȼæ׷˹ȥ

ܿ죬ҶС׵ǰסСס
СգգۣȻСצָָԶİ
Ҷȥ֪𣿡
С۾գգȻæͷ
Ҷ˿Сһ·ɵǰǰһΣûСצŰ˻ӣȻָָԼ
Ȼ˼ܼ򵥣ðߡ
Сףɫɫ䱸
С׸ղһЩˡ
ûзӦСתͷһҶҶ̯̯֣ʾ岻֡
СתͷСצУһõĸͷ
һĻٴγ˰ɵľ룬еĽ䱸Ũˡ
СͻȻǱõĿ츫ǰ˹ȥǿľõȫë
ȻĲУҪӲˡ
ʱһֻͻȻץסС׵β͡Сתͷסģ㡣С׵СԴȻ̧ͷԶǰбȥ𣿡
һ㣬Ȼֿһ·ɸ˿̵ɸѲڡ
ĬƬ̣Ȼҡͷ
ֵȻˣȻǣȣЩ࣬кգ˵Ҳһ£𣿡
һСףȻΣգ
Сæ츫ȻСԴҡʾΣա
ЩԥȻǼɵСסС׸ղһ
ͻȻֳǰһ̽ɲǼ䣬һǿĹֱס˰
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2332 Ϊ
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Զο㣬û˵
ֵ֮磬һΣδͣԴ˵ز졣˵˵˽һЩصϹȥǡ
γ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ֮磬ϣɸǿ󡣵Ȼ嵹ҲЩЩ·Ϊûгֹʲôر޵šڰģҲЩЩϸ˵Ѿ֮ˡ
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Գһ磬ǣǲûһƽ羳ǿߣǲӵһ磬ӵһ֮ˣӵ
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˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ˵ô࣬ûб˼ֻһ䣬ֱܲӽĺ̨гȻŪǣҾͲô鷳ˡ

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2341 㵹ð
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ΪһֻСץסѰѾ
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Ѱ˫Բ棬Ѫ˿鲼ȻѾɲᡣ

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2342 ʮ
Ҷ㣬пνǺ˼㣡
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⣬⽣̨֮죡
ԽԽ࣬һᣬƶ֮УǱ⸲ǡ
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ҶһСףҡҡͷѾһˡ
ӺҶ콣̨ȻС׼ǰߣһΣҲԣΪⱱĽԽԽˡ
ãͣǰ棬ÿһϿգһɫľ޽޽Σңңԡ
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ɨһ۴ҶҡҡͷëûСС׾ҪȥʱͻȻߵ˴ϷǴǽ֮ϣһ
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ҶСҪȥʱСͻȻ˵ϣ˳棬һᣬתͷҶȻСצָŵ档
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С׺ԥƿϴǸƿʱʱñһ¡һᣬͻȻǰɫƿɲǼ䣬ܵͻȻ𵴿ˣһ˲䣬ҶڵĺͻȻ֮ȥ֮ˣ
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ʱͻȻˣϲǣǵУ˲ˣҲˡʵ̤еһ̿ʼѾˡӦ˵㱾ǣ㲻Уø֮УѾˡ
˵⣬СǰǰɫƿԹ֮֮ôҪʣԼӼ̣Լ˸ܹеĵ·ߵĸԶߵԽԶҲܸӽνսʤνҲĳ˰ɣ
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һҶȻպûʱεڣô֮Լĥ
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һԣһιȥ̫Ȼ̾һ㰡áֻļﲻ㣬ϧƫƫˡ


2346 һ˫ޣ
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һСţ־ǾǲаεġǣͷƫƫСס䣬С׸պÿѹһͷ̫
С׵ûƸȡԪֻһ̫û뵽̫ôţֱιȥˡپЩȤȻ̫һԵĵϡ
֪ǰһʲôֻ̫Ǿһе㲻˶ѡ
ԶҶûԥֱӽǿԪȥ
Ԫ븹һǿľʱɢ˿
䣡
һεѹȻҶɢ˳

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һСףҡͷһ̾ⱿţĲģСףС׵ƨ˵ãҲãСôһļһ̫ǣ˵;Ͱ۾գһµġ
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С̫Сţ˫ȭЩãԺѾҪһЩС˵¡ҶȦҪܵ͵ˣۻҪܵȥ̬֮ڷŵĺܺãΪһȦУСţ˭ǲ
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Ѿգգۣңҿ϶ܱģǣһûô䣬ôҾͱ䣡

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2353 ˣ
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2354 ޵У
С׿ǰͷˣСצźĿ츫
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Ҷƽ׾ǿߣһ𣿡
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2356 һëҲûУ
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ʱһԵͻȻ̫һǿ̫ǿ
˵⣬Сף˵ûΣ𣿡
СգգۣȻָָԶСţսԶ˻ӣʾΣ
Ҷֱ顣
Σ
ִɶģСûʲôвԷ֮ԸܲСףΪҶýС׶
ջ˼ҶԶСܲͷһأ
ͷԶƽ羳ġշܳΪһǣЩԥ̫ǿһǲԸͷġСţ̫֮ԵͷΪСţ̫С֣СȻη壬Ӧ˵ͽСס
ǣͷԶɲСԣ
ͷ̫У׹⣬ɱ⣡
ԶСţȻ򲻹ԶѾͷԶѹƣϸǰ˺öȭ
һĻСգգۣȻóһõĸͷ׼Գˡ뵽ʲô˻ȥȻҶ
֪Լʵġ
ʲôģĲǺó
ҶЦЦҪ֣ʱѾҶԣֹҶȻͷСţ֣ҪˣԣҪˡ
ף
ʱԶСţͻȻһŭɲǼ䣬һ˲ʮ˿̣ͱ̫Ҫ࣬ͬʱһǿϢСţϯռ˲
Ҷסˡ

ͷţôﵽˣ
ʱСţͻȻתͷСף֣Сգգۣܿ죬Сţ˼½צеĸͷӸСţǿ츫СţʱǱ츫Ҳ֮ʮ
һĻҶɫˡ
ҶãСţһܰ飡


2358 Ѿԣ
Զ˿СţѾǵߣվһɽ
Уһ޸
Ŀ츫
СţͻƵϢѾǿĿ£ڣŸͷϢǿ£ǿֲˡ
Сţ棬̫гǰδе֮ɫ
˿̣ѾܵΣգ
ʱԶСţͻȻ츫̫˹ȥ
һȥߣһǧɵڿռѷ졣
ǿ츫ģ
ѷ챻һӣޱȡ
·̫ڵظŨˡ
Ҵ⣬̫ڿͻȻһתβֱӳСţǱ츫˦˹ȥ
һ˦ؽ
ǻʵƽ羳
Ҷεע£СţеĿ츫̫ľβϡ
أ
ֱ̫ӱһʼ׹£ƬУֱը
һĻԶС۾ʱ
ҶһۣнǴһ˿ء
Сţʵеֲ
СţǿĵطڼĿ츫˵ǿǿϣ
̫ʹСţ˾磬ǣıƴս̫ģӦ˵СţѪͱȲ̫ѪȻܾһУǣȴҲǳҪڣСţǣ̫ûУ
֮䣬Ҳƴװģ
ʣСţָͣߵС׵ǰȻǱССĸͷݸСס
С׽ӹͷһЦȻСצСţļڿ佱ˡ
һԵĶѾǼǺ«ţֵݸСһڡ
ҶĿСţջأȻ·أ˿̣ƬѾָƽͷ̫ûκζ
ҶƬ󣬲֪ʲô
ʱСͻȻ·ƬһɲǼ䣬Ƭе˲ţЩ糱ˮһ㳯Сӿ
һĻһԵЩɵĿһСס
ڳ͸ˮһ
䣡
һӴľͻȻƬг˳
ͷ̫
ͷ̫Ҷˣ׹⡣
ߣⲻҪ
ʱСװѺĿ츫ݸСţһĻͷ̫е׹˼ɵĿСϣ˿̣ҶѾûýС׵Ϣ
Сףͷ̫ʱסˡܿ죬гһĨţ顭ôܡ
Ҷһ̫ȻǰһϳСס
СҪצҶȴҡҡͷȻתȥ
ͷ̫㶣ȻҪ׷ȥСţͷ̫ǰУǱĿ츫
СţɫƽɢϢȴǼǿ
һԣѾߵСţǰ֣СţܹԵİǺĿ츫ݵ˶ѾУǱĿ츫Ѿ˵СԴøͷ
Сţ
ѾǺ«Ȼתͷͷ̫ӡŶԣҸ㣬ԸԸ죬ֻҪԸ⣬Դ̫սڽںɽһɽܴ֡
̫һԶҶıӰȻм죿һ澳࣬кʸ񣿡
ѾͻȻǺ«ˡͷ̫Ȼøͷָָͷ̫һҸ㰡ҪС仰ˣˣ֪𣿡˵⣬СţСţ˵ǲǣ
Сţæͷ
⵹ĶѾƨĲҶ
ǶѾСףҶʱ޷СڶĹԹԵġ
̫мһ࣬ɱ͸һֻô򵥣
ѾҡҡͷȻѸͷݸСţ߰ɣҺǸģû
Сţһ̫Ȼ˵㣬ʾͬѾĻ
ڵ̫̫ˡ
ţ
ʱ̫ͻȻղǿ棿
СţһǺ«ĶѾѾûлͷȻҲͷ£һôԶȥ
ˣ
һĻ̫жʱӿ֣һǿѹ֮ɢ˳ʱѾͣ˽ŲǺ«ڿУùСţеĺĿ츫Ȼת̫һ
ͣ
Ŀ츫ƿնȥ
̫ɫ䣬һľβֱɨѾǱͷ
һӴ
أ
ͷֱ̫ӱǧ⣬βϣۼ׹ѣˣǺĿ츫βϣ֡ôβ
̫ĿѾ㡭
ѾǺ«ȻѸͷҡ
ԣ̫ȻŭɱʵʣʱѾһǺ«ȻһͼӽСΪʲôҪôţ

̫ͻȻŭһ̣һԾֱӳѾ˹ȥ
һ壬һɽѹȥ
Сţɫһ䣬ȭͷҪ֣ʱѾȴǰѾǳ̫ͻȻǷһĨЦݣȻͷ촽һ̣ͻȻſ졣
ʱ䶨
СţĿ֮Уͷ̫ԽԽС̫ԽѾ;ԽС
ͷ̫УǾ
˾п־壡
Ѫѹƣ
ʵ־磬Ѫ֮⣬̫ѪҲѹѪֻѹȣǴ˿̣Ѫȫȫѹˣ
һͨʵԴѪ˿̣Ѫѹ൱ûκ
̫ԽԽСѾǰʱѾֻǺ«С
Ѿһֱ̫ӱ˿С
ѾʱһãĸЩǺָֻܿѾĶӣܿ죬һССĸͷӿ˳
Ŀ츫
һԣСţѾ״ס
ˣ
ͷ̫ôԵѾˣ
СţЩˡ
ʱѾǺĿ츫ݸСţСţӹ츫Щ
ѾСţļ򣬡ߣ
˵꣬һһʧ˲Զ
ԭأСţĨĨϵһ亹Ȼæȥ
һʱҶһѾ뿪ء
ҶУһŴɫӡ
̫ڵѾģ˵á
ͷ̫ˣ
ҶûôģΪһʣѾʹۣͷСţͷһҵӡ
ҶҲûʣҪ֣ǣ̫̫ˡϲ֣ҲϲС߸صĴ
ʵ̫ԲģҶҲûɱϧûаڷźԼλãƶѾ
ʱҶԵͻȻͣҶҲǻعԶһ̣ɫ䣬ȻβԼͬĳˡ


2359 ڣ
ҶǰԶƯһʬ塣
һӣԼʮңŰɫۣǰһǹǹᴩ塣ʬԣƯһꡣ
ӵ꣡
룡
˿̣ǾڿҶΣдһ˿죬ĮȻ
ҶһۣнǴһĨء
СѾСţѾҶе˺ڡ
𣿡ʱӵͻȻڡ
ˣҶʡ
ӵǸˡ
Ҷ˵ͷˡ
ҲˡͻȻ
Ҷһӣɡ
΢΢ҡͷ뿪ɣﲻǸġ
Ҷԥ£ȻΣ𣿡
ӵ˵ͷ˵Σգ
Ҷ
ʱͻȻˡ
Ҷǰָķ棿
ӵ棡
ҶһۣҶ֪һ˹ȥ
˫ۻãɨһܣȻƬսܴ󣬷ǳ˺ܶ࣬ˣЩ顣ڣɢңһЩأԹɢ֮⣬һЩһģЩأڣˡ
ΪʲôȥͻȻһ䡣
ȥ
ҡҡͷ磬ﰲȫ
˵ţָָԼ󣬡Ǳߣһ֣һͷǿȥ֮󣬾ͱȥˡʵȥǱߡ
˵꣬˫ۻ
ʱͻȻ¿͸¶һ̫ʱ𣿱Ǵδս
ӿΣûʲôˣ𣿡
Це档
ӳĬƬ̣ȻУˣ߱ʲôҪУУʲôҪԴҪ˰ԽãԽĵö֮ԼԼԣΪ˸øԴǿԲֶΡǣûа취飬㲻͵ԣֲпûƶֻǿ
˵⣬ҶΣǳսõһʱ䡣е֪ˣûκκô
λʲôҶȴǶҡҡͷӣԥ£Ȼǰ⣬ҲΪβ֮أ
ָָԼϵǱǹǹʱҷӦ죬壬Ѿ䡣֮겻Ϊǹס
ǣҶ˵꣬ҶЩڣ仰˵еˡܰ˼Ͱ˰
ͻȻЦܹ꣬γǹһǲǰһޣһۣȻƬ֣ڶˣߣԸҰǹҲܽܣԾܾˡ
ޣ
ʱҶͻȻʣһưɫ۵𣿡
ӵ˵ͷʶ
Ҷ΢΢ͷʶɣ
ˣǿ
ʱСͻȻҶؿ˳СʱֱסˡȻԷһۿС׵
ʱСĿʬϵǱǹ֮ϣǹеأͨڣȴΪ⻬羵֮⣬ǹر𳤣һǹҡ
ⲡǹС۾ʱһ¾˹ȥȻСצסǱǹȻ˵Ŀ֮УǱǹֱӱǱǹܳצЩ̣ЩŤǣСצǱǹǹȻҲС׵˼һ˲СպùСţ
Ҷ
οһСףɫЩŹ֡
һԣ˫ЩˣɫǺƽ
СױǱǹߵҶǰҶһЦȻǱǹݸҶҶһǹסǱǹȻȴķ֣òǱǹ
ֱò
ҶЩ𾪣ڵǿȻȴòǹ
ʱһԵͻȻģʹңҲ޷ǹ
Ҷתͷӣӽ͵ǹ飬ΨϿ֮˲õö
˵⣬СףȻ⡣棬ǴǹҲøӰ
Сӣ
ҶͻȻ뵽һ£ЦƵʣǰж󣿡
С׵ж
ӿһҶЦܴӣܴ󡣡
ͻش
ҶЦЦҲûʣС׵СԴȻǰӦܹں˰ɣ
ӵ˵ͷȻСγƺ
ҶЦҶ
ӵȻѲڡ˵ţһСףȻֵս֮飬ġ
ҶЦ֮͡ǰڿԳȥ𣿡
ҡͷҪ޸֮ڽںϡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻˣǾͲǰˡ
ӵмǣĪƬֵ֣һߣ˽֮ء
Ҷ˵ͷлѣ
˵ţС׳ԶȥοһӣȻҲȥ
ԭأһҶεıӰȻջĿ⣬Ӧòǡ
Уһ˿ԥ
ãջ˼ȻǰԼϣá

һߣҶͷ亹
ɫҲصģͣ
γǿߣѾﵽĽ磬۷ʱڣܸǿ
Ҷղɱǣ
ε˵ͷɱ㡣
ҶΣΪСײŷ𣿡
ҡͷҲȷʲôԭѾһʽǾ㽻á
Ҷ΢΢ͷɨһܣط绹ҪΣհ
ˣͻȻʡ
ҶҡͷǱ֣Ǻ𣿡
εͷȻѡ㽻ãͲẦ㣬Ȼʵһ꣬Ҳɱˣ
أҶתͷΣɱ𣿡
ιһЦ˵أ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ˣ߰ɣȥƬ֡
˵ţ첽Զȥ
Ҷתͷһ֮ǰӣȻת첽Ҷ˹ȥ
ܿ죬ҶƬֺ֣ܴÿһʮߣһСɽ廹ҪߣУһСȻ
ܣľ졣

Ҷ˵ЩգֵȥðһðġĸǿߵĻǴϵģ
ģ
ȻС׳⣬Сһ
ĻƬһλ̫žͷʲôͷأ
ҶЩ档
ʱͻȻͣ˽Ųܿ죬ҶĿ֮УóһƬҶӣһĻҶɫʱˣŮˣ㡭
δ˵꣬Ѿʧ
ҶǸܵʲôȫëȻ


2360 ̫㲻
Ҷתͷȥ֪ʱһŮӡ
ŮӴһɫɥ˫֮Уһơϣֻ֣ȷ
ŮӾôĿҶƽ
ǣҶȴЩͷƤ飡
Ҷ侲ˣȻоΣգǣ˷ִ硣
ȶҶһŮӣȻǰȥ
Уǽ档
ѪɫĽ
ʱŮͻȻǰܽɵľ롣
˿̣ĸˡ
ŮҲŮɫ԰ףɢһɭϢͨ׵Ļǣⲻˣ
Ҷԥ£ȻǰзԸ
ŮӳǰһֱҶȥȡһɺã
⣿
ҶָָԼղķ򣬡Ǳߣ
ŮҡͷָҶ෴ķ򣬡Ǳߣ
ԣҶɫˡǱߣǧȥĵط
Ҷԥ£ȻΣգΣա
ŮӵھͲΣ𣿡
Ҷ˫΢һ̣еĽͻȻǰŮһն䡣


Ϊǿ
ڵļ򣬶ǿǣһǿǿĽࡣ˿̵򲻵ѵʱǲʩչĽġ
֮ѾԻأ
ȻŮͷаʱͣ
һ㷢סҶĽ
Ůӵ㷢
㷢סҶĽ类һ㣬һҲ޷ڶ
Ůû˵ôҶ
Ҷ룬Ȼǰʵղһǰ;Ϊˣţǰֽֽ̣̫ˣлǰָ㡣
ŮֱҶȥ߲ȥ
Ҷɬǰʵô㶼ҹȥ˵ҹȥ𣿡
Ůҡͷߵ֤в֮Ҳأ
Ҷһأ
ŮӿҶҲȻھѡ񣡡
Ҷ
ŮͷɿҶĽǣĿȴһֱڶҶ
Ҷ˫ۻӲƴжʤɱŮˣûκʤ㣡
ܹ׾پͽ򣬶ԷǶ磬ǿߡ
кô
ʱŮͻȻڡ
ô
ҶŮӣŮӵҰ£һ컯
ҶɨһܣǰղŸģһŮˣʵҸߺܶ࣬Ϊβ

ŲνʲôŮһΣվԼԷĺܳף
ŮӿһҶԶȻ۸
Ҷ

ʱһЦͻȻҶ˵Ρ
ߵҶԣҶЦЦ
Ҷʲôģλǰ˵ĺе˭أ
Ц̬ܺã
˵ţҶǰŮӣȥǱΪʲôأ˵
ŮӿһΣҳǰţ
ιһЦָҶ£ҿɸ˵иǳǳãԣǽ㣬ǸأȻڲǣϣ϶ǻΪģʱ鷳ɾʹˣ
ŮߵεǰֱΣв𣿡
ЦղŵĻǾЦ£Ҫȹ𣿡
ǰŮӵͷͻȻƮ򻺻սɲǼ䣬Ϸܲ׵ۼΧ֮ͻȻ׵硣
Ů˫΢Уû뵽ڻ
Ů֮Уһ˿أ֮ǰǰƵᡣ
Цҵ˼أǰ飬ǣҪǺôңôйòУ
ŮӿãȻת־ͷǱߣһƬԭԭ֮Уһλ̫Ŵۣҷ׷λ̫ŴۣҲǱߣҪʬ塣ҽʬȡ
˵⣬̯֮УƯһöɫӡ
ʱС׾ҪҶֹˡ˸ۣ˵ǰûǱ¶Сס
ڣС۰Ͱ͵ĿʣʵǿŮöӡ
СԣǶѾСţСţվڶѾС󡣶ѾǺ«ȻݸСףǶ
СǺ«Ȼͷʾͬ
ʱѾֵŮˣǿǴ򲻹
仰Сûȥ
棬Ҷöӡʣǣ
Ů˿һҶӡһ˾硣
򾳽磿
Ҷ㶣Ȼʲô˼
˼ǿⶫѹһ˵ľ磡ͻȻΪУǿߣⶫԽԷѹΪһ磬𣡡
ԣҶ˫۶ʱЩˣ
ѹ磡
ǻ⣬ԺʲôǿߣҲ˰ǿߣҲ԰ѶԷ˵ǽͶԷʵ
ö
ҶԽĻˡʱŮȴǽӡ
Ҷ
ǱʲôΣգͻȻʡ
Ů˫ۻ֮ԣ
ʲô˼üͷ΢塣
Ůӵλ̫Ŵ֮ǰԲ뱻ţһ仰õƬԭһκ鶼޷Ƭԭ
Ҷ㵵һ仰ô
ŮӿһҶ
ҶߣŮܲܲˣ
Ҳ޷𣿡ʱͻȻʡ
Ů΢΢ͷܣ
ƾʲôܣʱʡ
ŮӿһҶҲϹèأ
Σ
Ҷֱ飬ʵڴ򲻹Ů˰ڵĦʹĦ
ʱתͷҶߣ
ҪȥҶ㵵ĿΡ
ѡ񣿡
εһҶȻҶͳԶȥ
ԭأŮӿһҶΣȻͷеǿƣûж˰
ԶҶԵΣ̫սĿʲô
תͷһҶۣ֪ʲô̫Ŵǿǿߣǿߣѵʶʶ𣿡
˵꣬Ҷӿ˽Ų
Ҷ֣ŮһĨ˷ܣһĨ
ԭأҶĬƬ̣ȻҲȥ

Ҷȥãһưɫ۵ĽͻȻƬ֮УԷԻԭǱ߶Ҷθպô
ƵŮӣŮҲڿŽޡ
ղҲһλޣŮͻȻڡ
΢΢ͷܵϢˡ
̫̫࣡Ůӵ
ҡͷˡ
ôŮʣЩ
תͷһҶȥķȻǣԽ࣬ͻԽǿ
˵ţջĿ⣬ȻŮӣնһǣһ·δһܣǣаܹһΡ
ܣŮֿĨɱǣҽӲһ
ҡͷ̫㲻
˵꣬ȥ˼ͣȻתͷʣ˵Σգ


2361 Ͷ̥Ҫ
Σգ
ŮӿŽãȻָָߣǱʮ⣬ǳսġ
΢΢ͷȻǱȥ
кβ֮ʱŮͻȻʡ
ţ
̫̫ˡ
Ҷ츳ʵȷʵܲǣ츳ʵ벻ۡҪ֪Ǹʱضǡ
ûͣ½ŲǿߣУʵġһũΪ˱޶ܹһλǿٱĴˣУǿߡ
˵⣬ͻȻͣǸ磬һˣˣΪԼˣϧҾ硣ʵߵĸԶģֻҪԸ⡣ǣûС
ΪΣŮʡ
Ϊһ֡ظ޴飬Ҳ
˵⣬ŮӣҲǡ
˵꣬˵ʲôתʧԶ֡
ԭأŮӱƳĬ
ǰλޣƬʱҲ֣ϧһлܡ
ǿߣ
Уλ޾ǿߡλУǿȴġ
ʵͬ粻ͬ۹ȻҲͬ
Ůջ˼ȻתͷҶȥķ򣬿ſţĿͻȻˡ

Ҷ뿪Ƭ֣뿪ֲãǾͿƬԭ
һۿͷĴԭ
𣿡
ָԶƬԭһλ̫Ŵۣ
ҶһΣô˷ʲô
תͷҶ˷ܣ֪ʲôǴž뢣ž뢣˵ţæóǱ鼮Ȼ򿪣ʣԭ̫Ŵ֮ء
ҶɫЩŹ֣Ůǲë
˼ǰûã˾Ҫ̤ƬԭȻȷʵ֣һε赲סǡ
ѹȣ
ǹһɽͷ
˿̵ҶһָоǾǰĻᱻѹķ顣
һۣεǴ־˼ôãǣһ־ܹѹǿߡ
Ҷ̧ͷǻԭͷлǷǳ𾪵ġ
־
Էƾһ־ܸǿôѹԷţʵÿֲʲô̶ȣ

仰ûеġ
ҶҡͷһЦȻƬԭȥ߳һһǿѹֱѹϡһ˲䣬Ҷȥ壬ϥҲȥ
ǿ־
ҶǷһĨƾһ־ѹ
䣡
һǿĽҶϯǺܿ죬ɽ˲䱻飬Ҷسˣֱ˳ԭؽ磡
һԣüͷ
ҶͣȻ̧ͷƬԭ־ľôǿ
ҶȻܾô׷ֳƬԭȥǣ̤ԭؽ磬ʹ粽ˡǹ־ɽѹϣ
ǿߣģ
οҶû˵ڵȣҶ
ûеȶãΪҶֿʼˡ
Ҷǰ̤һɲǼ䣬˲ˣһɵɢ˳ΪɹԪˣģ֮࣬Բ࣬ΪûмȻǰǿĴ־˵ֱҪ̫
οҶû˵
Ҷ̤һһǧأһȴҲ̧
Ҷ˳˻ԭؽ磬ƬԭĬ
βûдתԶ֪ʲô
ãҶͻȻٴ˽Ųһֻ̤ƬԭؽʱЦˡ
ҲЦˣ
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2362 壡
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γǿߣǣǱһ·ˣǿҲġˣûǸʵȥģҲȡ

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2363 
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2364 ʹ࣬ʹ࣡
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2365 ûм£

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⣬οһҶȻϲֵһڣҪΪЩһﵣˡ

֪ҶڿѾͷصСŮ⣬ͷʵԿѹһƽ羳ǿߡ
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ʱһԵͻȻûǣⲻҪȥʲôΣ˵ǰӦýԼ־ǿӸ𣿡
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ŮĿСϣָָСײϵǰԿףպȥȣиǧɽĵطסһλˣ鷳ȥλˣԷǷһ飬԰㡣Ȼǰλû䡣
䣬Ů彥
ҪʧʱͻȻһұߣȻüͷߣ̣


2366 ģ
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Ҷ֣εɫǼΪصġ
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Ϊ׵ģǳ
һǵţȻλǽʵеǿӦƽ羳۷壬磬ỹλҪ֣ȫһɱˣ


2367 Ҫɱˣ
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ƽ羳
Ҷ΢ƣָ𣡡
΢΢һЦ
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ǿŹӵԭ
½˵Դͷ̫С׸İ߹Ӻͷ̫Ϳʼ˯ȻϢҲÿǿ
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˶ѾСֳͷ̫ǷǳϡĴڵģϧСѾǰʵϡ
Ҷûдͷ̫Сţĵ̣ҶСţ΢΢ͷڴк
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Ҷ΢ƣȻأ
οҶû˵
Ҷת̫սĳڣӽҪɱˣ


2368 Ӳϲ
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ٱ𣬰ٱ
Ҷ̫廢е˺ڣȻγ̫սȥ
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ǱֱӶ˺ߵü䡣
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ҶĹأӲϲӽûбҪˣ


2369 С׺
ҶɱؽˣЩ˲ˡ
ɱؽˣ
ؽˣһߣʵģݾǷǳġȻĵ㣬ݣ֯
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ΣҶٴν˵ߡ
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׵۳ǡ
ڻɱؽ˺Ҷ˰׵۳ǣҶ׵۳ϳɬһЦ˵ϲǲΰ롣
ϲǣҶʵ𵱳ǿˡǵǣҶ鷳ûн
ҶЦģе飬Ҷᴦá
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˵⣬΢΢һ٣ȻֵڿЦңġ
˵ţ˫ۻϾʮ֮һңԼģķ塭


2373 ͵̫
硣
ͨͼĴͣҶܿ磬⴫ٶʵҶһѡ⴫͵ĵطҶе㵰ۣ
˿λһ䳡ϣ׼ȷ˵һ̨ϣܣۼ˺ܶˣ˿̣Щڿ
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У˾û뵽Ҷʦ㾹Ȼл̶ֳȣ
ǿɲǣҶ֪ܳš
˾Ȼ̨սҶ磬ף˿û

ҶǰŮӴһҶȻʲô
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ڣҶҡҡͷţȻ˺ڡ
ɽɽ˿̣Сͷ̫ĵ̣СţжѾ
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СѾСţһԿͷ̫̫ϢԽԽǿˣͷ̫ҲԽԽԭֻ̫ǧǴ˿̣ϢԽԽǿͷ̫ԽԽ󣬲ˣһɽ֮ϡ

ò˵ѹǷǳֲģرǶСţѪȽϵ͵ޣͷ̫廢ܵһɼǿѹѪѹơ
ֻǶѾСûκθо
ģͷ̫ʹﵽǧʱɢǹϢ
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ͷһ
УҶҪʱͷ̫ͻȻ˶ѾȻһֱӳŶѾѹ˹ȥ
ͷ̫У֮ɫ

ǲ㱻Ѿ˵ģûǡڣʵһ¾Ҫ
·СգգۣͷҪʲô
һԣСţҡͷ˵С׵
С׵ԣѾڿͷ̫ƺһǺ«ȻǺ«ݸСţСţæӹǺ«˵ģǣѾı˻ȥ
Уͷ̫һֻצֱӳŶѾץȥ
·Ѿ촽ǴһĨЦݡͷ̫Ѿڿһٴͣ


2374 ֲĶѾ
УҶ뽣ûֹΪǶ뿴Ѿʵݡ
СѾͷʲô
Ҷ뽣ܺ棡
ԶֻצѾ˶ѾͷǿֱԴݻһС
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Ҷķ֣ͷ̫ɢѾɣͬʱͷ̫צͻȻֱӹ˿
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ôĿͷ̫Ѿôţ̫Щšʱʲô϶ûõģֻд
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Ѿÿһȭͷ̫;ͻС֣ڼ䣬ͷ̫ûзϧǣηڶѾСȭͷǰͽ͵ģ
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ҶĿٴڶѾϣʣ֮УѾҪ̫ߣ
Ҷһ̾ʵڶѾıԣҲ֪ô졣淨˽˽淨˽淨ڶѾϣǲʵġȻѾöѾ١ԡһ㡣ҲãѾԣȻҲСţѣһŹͷ̫ˣ
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·ϡ
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Уһɱ⣡
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æ
ʱһԵǺͻȻЦһ֪ڰæʲôһ澳ϣȻҪ֪ڰæ֪֪ԼＸ˵㸸ĸûн̹Ϊ˴û㡭
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ҶֱӺӣΪ˴ѧģ¾ú𣿡
˵ţֳǰ˵֡
Ѫֱ


2375 ǧɽ

̣ͬ
ȫסˡҶýָŵλǲǿǻʵƽ羳ǿ߰
һλƽ羳ǿߣȻλǰһûеסԣӦ˵֮û
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Ҷӣ֪˴ǰ֪ڣֻΪһ£һ½ǣҲ֪ںδϣܹһңȻһģ
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ҰϾŰʱú
ѹԼľ磬ѹڼ䣬ҪԼҲΨˣʱԽɱˡ֮⣬ϰǼӡԴҪǳϤ⼸Ψˣܹպǿ߶սʱ⼸۶ʹ
ǽҲҶصϰĶ
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棬죬׼
ҶͷĽܿ죬˫ۻ

ںڣһʱʱ죬ʱʱأʱʱӺ
·ûнݾֻпرΨпܹЩӳ
·С׿ҶʩչǵӺʱ۾ˣãûȥ棬ܶʱǱȽ϶µģ
ȻֻڶҶ
С׿һСţ̫ĵ̣˿̣ͷ̫˯
ԴϴαѾͷ̫ͱĵ͵ˡôĵ̣˯Ȼ˯˵ˣ
ͷ̫ǸܵʲôͻȻ۾СʱæȻС׵ǰ
С̫ǣСצ˻ӣ˼ǽ̫һȥ档
棡
̫ҡͷʾҪ

ֻбĸǿ󣬲Ųᱻ۸

СգգۣȻСצֿʼʾ򲻹ѾģѾġ
һԣСţͷʾͬѾĺ
̫Ĭ壬尡ô۸Щ֪ˣҪ
ʲôʱô۸
Ϊ׵ĶѾ˿ԼС֮ԼСԴСԴϣ֪ʱǣСǣȷʵˡ
ɫĽǣ


2376 ˲Ϣն磡
ڣѾԼͷϵĽǣЩ¡
ԼѵҪСţһǺܳ󣿡
Ѿ͹һȻҡҡͷܳ˴
ƶ֮УҶϰǽ
⽣ҶҲ񫣬Ϊ֣⽣ĺǿ⽣͵ϮǼֱǲҪ̫޵У
δ
ǽ⽣ۡ
ҪϢɱһλƽ羳ǿߣٶȣе㲻


ò˵ڽָ£ĽǷǳģݡ
ڽҶҲЩ壬ڽһЩ֪ʶ֪̫̫ˡرһЩСɣ˵ЩСɵİǳ
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ƶ֮ϣҶһϣСףԱǽѾǸŸͷСţ
ǺĿ츫СţãңСţУýĻ˵ǱߣǻͨԼġͨǿޣǷǳֲġ
˵СţԽԽǿˣ
Ҷ棬һҶĽһУǽֱ֮УתתȻ⽣һرĵطҲ⽣ľ֮Ǿơ
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˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵ⽣ԽҪܴ󣬽ڵŽСǵ飬ǵļʩչξͻὣˡԣԺлĻռһЩýȻڵ㣬֮ǶȡɽٶĿǰܴﵽļޣ
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ҶһУǽС׵ǰҶЦҪ棬ֻʱ
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˵꣬Ҷֱӻһʧԭء
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Ҷе˵ͷԼǣҲ֪˾Ǻηʥ
һԣҶСͻȻ΢ơΪҶ˵պʱ䣬ȥ֮档
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ҶһۣҶҡҡͷ֪
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ͻȻЩ䣬һ̣תͷҶС𣬡˭ѧãҪѧѧʲôأ
ŵͻȻҶСվһ
ͣ
ҶСδӦֱֻ۱ֱ˵ϣ
Ѫ


2377 Ϣѹ
ҶСȫסˡ

ʱһԵҶһŭ𣬽ţһǿϢֱӳǺ˹ȥ
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֮͸¶һɲмһӡ
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ȻըѿͬʱҶб˸Ǳˡ
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֪ڵӷ׷׳Ŵ
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ӻҶȥһΣҶǰ˺δϢûеõ𰸣֪ھڳ˵Ĺأ
һԣ˵ʲôһԵҶͻȻҡͷ֣ĪҪҵ˵ǲ˵Ź֪ڣ
һλȻǣҿʹһ㣡
һԣҶпɬһЦ£ΪҵҶʶ
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ΪʲôҶв⡣
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ʵ֪ڰи֮ûɱԷΪɱңɱһһȥֻ˷ʱ䡣ǣ뿪֪ںȴǷûи֪Էܻ֪֣æ۷ϣԷĶ֪ˡ
һ㣬֪ǾҪûˣ

ҶȻܾæöȻлˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˵ʲôתʧʾͷ
ԭأҶСʣЩĽϵǸˣŪˡˣǸ«ϵҲȥŪһ£
һԣҶз˷ۣ«Ůǰ֪ˣǶûһ
Ҷ뿪֪ں󲻾ãһ߱ǳ֪ڡ
ߣҶе˶ʱٴС
ɨһܣʬأ
ҶһУ֮ǰҶնɱӵʬʱߵǰҶвûлٵʬ塣
ߴһǾʬ壬Ǽɱģ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ

˫ۻ
նɱһλ֮ǿߣ
ʵԤϰ
һᣬֵǰ˺δ
ڣҶʵش
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üͷתͷʾͷʦɾ䣿
ǣҶе
ͻȻЦˣ˼ˡֻ֪Ҳе˼
䣬ֱʧԭء
һĻҶжʱһ
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ʱ
Ҷ˵ϣǰԶһӴĹųǡ
ǣ
Ҷ̧ͷʾͷϾ㵽


2378 
ǰҶĬƬ̣Ȼջ˼ǡ
ǣ
½˵˺䣬½ҲǳȻ֮绹ЩġϾ֮Ľ㴦طȽ
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ʱһŮͻȻҶǰ
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ԭأҶӣЩ⣬ҪԼԼǵһ簡
ʱŮͻȻתҶû𣿡
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ȹŮӶҶ΢΢һ񣬡ӣ󽣣Ҽҹӵ֪ӵҽǰƾһᡣ
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󽣵Ů΢΢ҡͷҾͲ֪ˡȥӦþͻˡ
ҶҡͷһЦһ£Ͳȥˣ
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ʱǰŮͻȻҶǰŮ俴Ҷ׼ƲԳԷ𣿡
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ԣɫʱˣ
ҶǰŮ΢΢һЦ´˴֮ΪѰһˣһ԰æ
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ŮӿһԶǵϵŮӣҡҡͷȻԵ󽣣æ¸
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ҶһŮӣʱǣ
ŮЦЦò輸ܿ죬輸ϣһöĹӣöһ֣жʱһζζ֮Ŀȫˬޱȣ
öӣһԵŮ۾ʱֱˡ

ܹΪѪⶫﰡкܴãǣ
˵ڶòöֹӣ
ŮӽöӵݵС׵ǰЦˣ
һԣҽ°Ͷ쾪ˡ
͸ֻСһ
ҽĿСϣŮ˵ֻСһεºܣҪ֪һ羳ĴΪ˵õŹӣԸΪԼҹʮģȻԼҹӶûдӦڣԼҹӾôŹ˳ȥ
ҶϣССצǿŹӣȻҡҡͷţѹƵŮӵǰ

ŮӿҶȻǲС׵˼
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵á
Ůӱ齩Ӳס
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ʱһԵҽͻȻŭ֪ʲôǿﲻʶȻ˵ǿЦ
˵꣬Ů뵽ʲôɵĿһҶȻ
ҶϣС׿ҶָöӣСצ衣
Ҷ˵ͷͣ׵ģǹ̫ã̫㲻һģ
Сգգۣ


2379 в

ʵҶУ輸ϵŹǲģڵСţ۾ֱˡ
ȻףСУŹӣҲ
Ҫ֪ǻһöӵģҲ߸öӣöӣﰡ
һԣҽ˵ʲôʱҶǰŮͻȻһۣҽһӣ㣬ö
ҶǰŮûҽǿҶЦ֣ŮΣ
ҶһŮȻ츳ѣԸ񼫲Ը
츳ѣ
ŮʵֻǶʮ꣬ȻŮȴѾﵽ澳֮⣬˵ĽҲﵽ澳۷壬ֻһ߾Ϳɴﵽ澳
ֳͣɾͣǳֲˣ
ҶĻǰŮӹһЦЦƬȴǾҿ
һԣŮæߵŮӵóһöɫӵݵŮӿǰŮȴ΢΢ҡͷһæӣͳ˰ɡ
ŮЦЦŮ飬ûڼ֣ǿŰɫӡţҶӣŮģŮУȴһ㡣ΪҵĹϵǵ츳õǲɱһЩ븡ꡣ
˵⣬һԵͷŮȥӣô˵ģ
ҽԥ£ȻҪӲԸǰ򲻿ǿ󣡡
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Ůû˿ԥתߵҶԣҶ΢΢һ񣬡ӣ֮ǰ£ҽòǣӴ˲С˹
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⾹Ȼ
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ҽѾȫסˣ
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ȫ

ҽѾȫľ˷·˹һ㣡
ɽסһԵǰҲЩ㣬δҲ̫˵ɣʲôʱôôˣ
ʱС׶ѾʯҽһЦţЩȻɵҶļϣҶС׵СԴСһﰡ
˵꣬һֱӻһʧʾͷ
УҽþòŻعһԵİ䣬ӣöڻడ
Ϊ½һţǣżûֻɫСһ︻У

ҽлǷǳ𺳵ģһμô
ҡͷһЦǲ֪ʵݣ֪ˣ°ͶҪأЩԼϡеĴڰһҲȲ
ҽʲôʱͻȻ¼Ȼˣͳɣ
һ˲һ߳˲Զ
߿һаŮӣҪ˵ʲôʱͻȻΪҶ
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˵ͷһ׮ף˶ѡ֮ĶԹûвֵȤ棬Ҳûͷ
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˫΢УһǿѹͻȻ˳УʱаŮͻȻǲ輸ɲǼ䣬ǲ輸ϵһֱӻһ׹⳯߼ȥ
䣡
һը˲䱻ɿ⣡
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
ᴩֱֻۣ
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в𣿡ʡ
ͣ½Ų΢ƣв
˵ţ˿ȣͿͣ
£ͻȻ
ǿߣ
һ̣ɫˡ


2380 תѪ
ӵʶֱϡ
ȻǸҵ֣˾ͻ̳֡
߿һԶݣȻתȥ
ڡ
ϣǰԶҽ󽣡
֪ͨȥǼѰңˣ½ԼһЩҲæ˵˵ģ
ҽԥ£ȻӣҶȻʵǣԲǹӶ֡ԷϼȻкǣ˷ôʱ䣿
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ؾһأΧɽǾһ类ػһ㡣

Ҷ˿Լ˫֣˫ͨ죬ȵı֡ĿĹϣдһĨ˷ܣĹ򵥰
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2381 ѾѪ
תѪ
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ܿ죬ҶͣΪǰԶһߡ
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˵ţָһ㣬ǱʷɻصҶǰһĽޣǳǸʱ˶Ϊ֮ĽޣϼһƽˣǣǷġĪҪ˴˽ʣĪҪǽڣ
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Ҷ˿ǰĽʣĬƬ̣˽תʧԶ
ҶУкܶԣ
ĽڵصµˣǰߣߣЩˣ׶ЩʲôˣЩֶʲôʱ
ΪʲôԼʵԽǿ͸оԼԽС
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ʱһѹͻȻ˳С
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ףֱӱѹѹĹ˵ϣڵϣ嶼˵ϣһҲˣ


2382 磡
߾ôţηǹѹ޷ֺ
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˽ʱǹŽɢ߶ʱתȥ뿪Ƭɽ֮󣬺תͷƬĹ֮أļɵӦ˵ǿ־壡
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˰ϾϢ
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ߵӹˣѾͷһҲѾͷһ𣬵ǣҷѾͷѡһƽӹˡƽӹǴǣƽӹ˲һҿɲѾͷպһ;ϣһƿڣ
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·𱻳ɣ
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ǰ߿һҶɣ
ҶҲûоܾһԣʱߵڲڴ˵أڴ˵ص
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ЦѾǸǮȥǺĵĵطˡǲ֪ΪѾͷȥǻ˼л
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ת˲һε˲ѹҶϣ̼䣬Ҷֱ˿
ѪĽ


2383 ĺܶ
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濴һҶǰͼȻֵͼĻҪƬ磬ǲᳬţãպͻᷢˣ
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ҶӹˣȻӹˣȻڷҶ밲Ͼ
ɽ֮ϣҶÿ

⣬ͻȥǽߣһʼԷûȤǣôǣʱʱָһҶҶ˵һ޴ջ
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Ҷֽ޵ɱˣҧң
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2388 һս

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С׵ĻѾ˵СԴȻϾǺ֮ɫ
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2389 һս
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΢΢һЦϲԸ߱ʲôᣡ
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2390 ӣҾͲˣ
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2391 ɱĵϣ
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2395 ⽣Ҫˣ
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2397 ˭
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å


2403 ͷһã
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ʱһŰȹŮӳҶԡ
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ʫĬ޷ش⡣
ҶҡͷһЦһʼҵĿǱãǣʵôпᣬԽģܾԽòһ·ɱ˺ܶ࣬ܶ࣬ңȥ֮һҪɱˣɱˣ˵ҵҪɱʲôʱҪɱ޵е𣿡
ʫɳĬ
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˵⣬̧ͷңԶʣʲô취Ҳɱˣ˾Ҫɱҡ
ʱʫϣúõģ
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ҶɬһЦԭԼҲһʵˡ
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˵⣬ɬһЦҶ˻ţӦƽӹһߣһ˳ǣ˵Ҳ̵ܶġһƴһƴĺáƴ
Ե˴ʫЦ˵ʵĻҶǸݰǸģʫӻῴЩŮ˻Ҷ𣿵ȻͨˣţǻǻģǣһʼǸݰһͨˣţǾûпʼˡ
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׵Ļ˵ǣǮʲôԵûǮܵ趼㣡
ߵһԣ̧ͷһʣֵУУУԴˣҪˡ·ϣϣеϡ
˵⣬Ҷ㲻ҪƽҪ㣬Ҳ㡣ģҪ͵͵ȻҶͻЩǰ㣬̭
̨ϣҶͷ˿еĽ

ʱ˿̣Щˡ
˵ͺñڽ۵ʱǸʱҶһҶܾһӵ۵ˡ

ҶͻȻһĨЦݣǧҶҲҪҵĽһ
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޵ǽޣΪ޵ģԽǿԽǿ˲˳޵ҲǽޣͬģΪޣǲ˳¡
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֮ԻˣһͨԵʣƳԼãΪԼĽҵһµķǾǰǱڣ
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ʱҶĽͻȻ糱ˮӿڡ
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ˣ˭һʱأǣҲһʱ䣬Ҷһ·
ҶС뿪˺еǸѾˡѾһСһ𣬾ͽСȥˣˣС׳ޣССһʲôһԣõҶͷʹ
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ߵҼߵȥһ͸ӣӦò᲻Ӱɣ
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ʱǻͻȻ£㲻ҼҵӣҼҵ¿Ҳˡˣ˵ˣҼҵ´˿ڰ׵۳ͣǲȥ׵۳ǡ
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ʱһͻȻڳ
һ̣ҶͻȻǻߵǰת˲еͻȻʡ


ز綼
ɫ䣬һ˲ʹ˱֮Ȼ
ǰգҶַ˫ԲĻͷϣãҸүӣͷһã
˵꣬һᣬǿͷ­ֱӱ
ҶһֳֽһͷŰ׵۳Ƕȥ


2404 䣡
Ҷȥ֮һŮӳ˽֮Ͽա
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οʾͷɫصġ
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ãûв뵽ⳡ

׵۳ǡ
ڰ׵۳ǳ⣬һϯضǰڷһԲԲϣһƣƱ
ӣǻߵ»ף
ͻȻ̧ͷʣƶ֮Уһ㺮ת˲һӳ治ԶֳֽһѪܵͷ­
ͷ­˫۶ʱ΢
ҶߵǰȻǿͷ­˻ǰԶ˵Ҫңּ˲Ҷķԣ˵ϲ𣿡
׿һǿͷ­ȻЦ̫ˣʲôҲҲֵ
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Զǰ׵۳ϿյֻѾ£µһ˲ֻͻȻըѿޣ
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˵ţɨһܣ֮磬֪ж˼ǵ䣬


2405 ߣԵ
Ԩ硣
νԨʵһԨһ޴ԨԳһСԨ
ΪԼԣˣ˽䶨ΪԨ硣
Գһ硣
Ԩԭһ磬һƬǿգΪһսƬǿֱӱһ޾Ԩһǿ߸̤޾Ԩ
֮еĽء
һ죬ϢͻȻԨ֮С
ԨҲԨףһͻȻ
ʼԴۣʼԴʼԴۣ
ɨһܣܿ죬ܣˣˣǱı㣬Ԩ庫Ԩ͢ԽԽ
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˵⣬ʼԴ۵ˣ棬Ҳǣǽǣ׵۳λ棬Լڵ棬ֻ۷壬Ǽˣֻһ߽Ľ硣ݣԻ壬ûһʤ㰡
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ҹЦλǵһᣬһᡣŶˣ֮ǻǱˡһ壬ȣܶԿġ
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ҹ΢΢һЦ˽ܣ½һλѣԱĽ磬ǱĽڵһλλһıܴܴ˵䲻ģ֮λΪλʵǿԣֱһ㣬ҿλ
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䣬תȥ
ԭأʼԴۿһеİɫӣȻ̧ͷǻҹӰʮ֮һ


2406 ǣһϣ
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ҹͻȻЦЦֱͶؼ䣬Ƭ̣ҶҶҶò˵ĿǲܵˣûϵΪԸǴ֣ԼǾŵܿ϶Ҳв㡣û£ǿȺĺģλܲģ
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˵꣬һֱʧԭء


2407 򲻹
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2408 ͵ã
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ѷ⣬ԭڽڵͻȻͣתͷѷ죬Ѫѣ


2409 в
Ѫѣ
Ҷ㶣ţһʧԭء
У밲ϾҲ֮˹ȥ
ѷҶ˳СѾǰʱСѾվţһҲǸɫ򣬸֪ȥˡ
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ȥҶһе뷨
ӿ˿еĹȻԴԨԴ˵ǣԨ֮Դͷ˵ţѾСףСһղһԨ

Ҷüͷ΢壬ǰԨʲôӰ죿
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˵⣬һգһǹֱӳУŰϾңһֻһǹһǹвǹ֮裬ȫ֡
Ե˴ճǹ͵ؾһ̡
ϾͫȻһ˫鲻Խһ˲
ٴУ
һ֮мǿһǹһǹƽƽǹâûУǹûУǣһǹȴõЩ
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һʼ뷨
ǣӲ£ҲҪӣ
򲻹һ⣬һ⣡
ϾˡϾֵһ˲Цˡ
ΪϾԵʣҶʱԨ硣Ҳڷ
Ȼȴ֪ʱкܶܶѰ
֮磬ɽ
紫֮ϣһŰµͻȻ棬忴Ϊɫ԰ף·һܽ䴵Ƶġ
Уһɫȣȶˣһͷɫͷ
˴̨ɨһܣ˫ۻû𣿡
£һͻȻӵǰ߶΢΢һ񣬡ŵ¡
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ҡͷҹ²ûȥѰҶĴ£֮ǿߣ˿̣£Ľǿ߹λ۷ǿߣλڻд££Ľǿ߲֪ǿ߾һλԽԽһͷĽޡ
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΢΢ͷŵкδ㣿
㣿
̧ͷһңԶʣǲȥǾȥҵҪɽܲһӮ֡
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Ц£߰ɣ
£ƾʧԭء
ԥ£ȻҲ漴ȥ
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һװ׵Ĺڣǰʬ塣ʬ岢δ࣬ĿǰҲǵڡ
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ϣס˵ϣ
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ͻȻǵϲһ£ţһŰɫ׵Ů˳ŮĸòŮ·
Ůӵĳǹ֮˳ˣȫŰɫףƲ̽ǹ
Ůӿһ۵ϵʬ壬Ȼ𣿺ܶʱ򣬳ˡȣˣöȳ֮磬³޶
Ů΢΢ͷ
Ů̧ͷԶԶһƬޱ޼ʵĺӡһᣬŮӵһ죬һߵأһһ
˵ţһֱʧԭء
ˣҲ֮ʧ
֮һߣŮӵȻأŮӵ˸һأһ߱ǳŮǰ
ؽϣ
ϿһŮӣȻµȣ
Ůӵ˵ͷҶںδ
ϳԨ磡
ŮӾҪȥʱͻȻѾ
ŮӵΣ
ֱŮӣһκģ
ŮӵȣѲǵȣ֮裬Ȼٱ塣
䣬ŮֱʧԭأֱԨ硣
Ԩ硣
ڣСŻԪǰŻԪСһЦȻóö羧ŻԪ£ŻԪ΢΢һʼö羧
ģЩˣöԪҲЩ
֮⣬ŻԪ棬ֱֳһöϸСĹӡ
ȻöӺСֻĴָ󣬵ǣȷʵˣ
һĻС۾һæֶ羧ǻԪ¡
ŻԪ羧պСײ֣ȻתһһʧԶһᣬͻȻͣתŻԪգգۣ߳˳ûзʲôתʧԭء
С뿪ŻԪͻȻ˲ţ޵Ϣд˳
Сȷʵڡ
Сˡ£Ѿ顣
⣬һȺͻȻԨ֮С
Ⱥȶˡ
Ϊ׵Ůɨһܣֳһѹ
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ɲǼ䣬Ԩ˲ˣԨһ˲Ҫըѿ
һһ磡
Ľ۷ǿߣ
Ů俴·ֻս
£־ҪսʱһӳŮӵǰ
һǹ


2410 ꣬Ҳ޵й
Ԩ֮УŮӿǰӣü΢Ǻˣ
ӿһŮӵˣһ̣ǰһ̤
һѹֱӳŮӵѹȥ
䣡
Ůӵ˲䱻ǧ֮⣡
Ůӵɫ䣡
ӵһŮӵˣ뿪˵أ̣
ŮӶ΢΢һ񣬡ˣ
䣬˺ԥתȥ
תͷһұߣվһ̬Լһߡ
ǻľŵ»Ӯ
ǻӮ΢΢һ񣬡ˣ
£תȥ
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ŮһȺ˸һԨ磬ŮǱһĨѪŮϣ֮ɫ
ޱȵأ
ŮתͷһԨ磬г˼ɵ
Ľ۷ǿߣǣղӶ֣ʮ
ԷʵԶ
Ů˫ۻǿߣ
ŮһǿͻȻ֮ϣ
ŮҡͷԽ硣
Խ磡
֣õó˽һ
ʱŮֵߣ
ˣ
һߣӮͣ˽Ų˿̣ڻӮϣ֮ɫ
Ӯ˫΢Уû뵽˽绹ǿߣ
Ӯ֮߳ϣ
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Ӯһ·£ҵҵȵȣ
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ֵǿһΣҪʱ̽ǣǵĿǳ󺣣ǵĵˣǱˣԼһĵ˾ԼҼ̫̫ǿߣ棬ˣǶǰܸԼ
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ЦԺͻˡ
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ǣϷħ֮⣬Ҷ˿ĽǿߣնɱĽǿߡϧǣħ֮޷ƣ
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СһЦȻСצһӣܿ죬öĹǻԪϵŷɵǰ
СױСצһöӽݵ˶Ѿǰ
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ǰĹӣѾҲһĨЦݡҲǷǳҪָĵرģܹ۵ģҲͻԪִڵˡ
СװѹӵݸѾһöСţǰȻѹӵݸСţСţһСףԥ£˹ӡ
С׿̫Ȼָһ㣬һöӷɵ̫ǰ
̫СãȻ˵ͷöӡ
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С׽öû̫廢롣
Сצָָ̫廢룬Ȼָָ滹Źӡ˼ǵȵȣӴ˾͸ǡ
̫廢뿴һöӣȻ˵ͷֻҪУǾˡңöҲһʱ䡣
УѾСţȳöӣܿ죬ѾСţȷ׷׻صԼĵ̡
ɲǼ䣬ͻȻȶϢ
Сö϶ɽͷСף϶΢΢һЦСױ˻
С׽ӵݸ϶öӣ϶Ĭ
öӺѾﵽ˽
һöӣõֱ˺üһööӣԿԴﵽƽ羳磡
϶ûԥӹӣ϶öӺСתһһʧԶ
ڣ϶ͻȻӿһǿϢ
⣬С̧ͷʣſţжһ˿ãȻ
СףվԽԽЩ
ԪұЩٶ˿С׵ƤʵЩٶֺγڰҶ
˺һᣬСҡҡСԴȻһһʧ˲Զ
˺ڶ㡣
ڡ
СУǰǺĿ츫Դӡͼף棬֮
Ҷбˡ
СһһɨЩһץס֮˽ȥ

Ҫ֮ΪҶеʵԣҶ̫̫ˡ
֮ڣ֮ʱСڷת

ܼ֮
֮ȻΪǣСǰֻһ
ССӣʾ֮һ㣬ܿ죬֮ƽ
С׿ǰЩҿСһţɲǼ䣬糱ˮһӿЩ
飡
ԴС׷ԼЩԽԽʱͻЩ飡
ЩﶼҶģԽǿҶĺôԽ
ȻС޷Щﵽļ𣬵ǣЩ޽ӽ
ʱһһȥ
ת졣
Ԩ£ǰҶ밲Ͼ΢΢һЦЦǱǹͻȻ˰Ͼǰ
ϾӣЦû֣˳ΪҶ꣬ȻѿɲǣὫ£ԣһֱߡڣҽ㡣
Ͼԥ£Ȼ˵ͷ˳ǹǹ΢΢һڻӦ
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Ҷ˵ͷϾϾһʦͽȻҶתȥ
Ҷ밲Ͼ뿪úһưɫֳֳۣĽ߽Ԩ磬ǰ
޿ӰΣҡͷϧ
Цһս𣿡
޵˵ͷ֣
ЦЦ̧ͷʣ֪Ǹҵʱǹһ;ռ߷֣ռңҲ޵й
£ͻȻģüͻȻһǹ
ת˲һǹֱָޣ
һǹ֮У̺̫̫Ķһǹֵһ̣Ԩһ˲ֱȻһ㣬ʧ
Ԩֱûˣ
Ԩ磬ܲסһǹ
ʱްνˡ


2411 㲻

ͣ
һ˺ţǰһƬռͻȻѿ
ת˲˲
գ
תȥ
ʱͻȻ磬Ӧóˣ
ͣ½Ųǲˣ
ӵͷǣ
޵㱾ʵӦúܹɱ㣬ôģ
ЦԼǿǣиǿġˣ죬أ
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ӳĬ˰ΣȻеģ
޵˵ͷϣȻ⽣̫ȤЩ
£Ѿʧ
ԭأӿһʽʧĵطǿ
£彥䳹ʧ˳С

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ӣǻӮ
Ӯ΢΢һЦ𣿡
Ҷأ
ӮЦһѱȶһ˺ãأ
Ҷ˵ͷǾ̸̸
Ӯһƣ룡
ҶһۻӮҪţͻȻתͷԶһŮӴŰɫ׵
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Ůӵ˵ͷߵҶǰ棬ȣңǱߣȫҲãٱȸá
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ӮЦ֣Ŀе㻵սܾˣȻԼ֮زز֣뷨ɲС
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ŮӿһҶеĽý
˵⣬ͫȻһôܣ
Ҷ΢ƣһֱʧԭءһ̣һѩŮͷһն¡

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ǵһ˲ŮͫȻһ΢΢һѹɲǼ䣬Ůϯ
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ת˲ҶܵԼǰǿϢ
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ҶȥŮǰЩ˾Ҫ׷ȴǱŮӸֹ
ŮӿҶߵƬãȻŻȥǿ
Ůԣһǿԥ£Ȼõ𣿡
Ů俴һǿǿߣ˵ˣǲɱպسɴ󻼣ң֮磬۸ӣǻҲѾ棬ҵЩˣռʲôơ
˵⣬̧ͷңԶʾͷһսùƿأ
˵꣬תȥ
ʱһưɫ۵ĽͻȻ˲ԶŮͣһ۽ޡ
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ŮӵҪȥȣ
޵ͷȥ
Ůҡͷȥˡ
ΪΣ޲⡣
Ůֱӽޣ㲻񣡡


2412 ܴ

Ůе뷨֮ˣҪȣ˵죬Ҳ۷壬֮ϲʸȣ
ǰޣεºܣ
ʵŮһǷ豹棡
Щˣͨʵһ㶼ͨˣ豹󣬼Լ򵥣ƽƽ
ǣΪ֮˷豹浽
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Ů΢΢һЦңǿʸ񡣡
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䣬գתȥ
Ůӵ˵Ŀ֮£޽ʧԶʡ
ԭأŮӵɫѿ
ãŮ˫ۻǿ߸ǣĻ֮ϵǿ
һΣЩˡ
֮磬ûô򵥣

һߣҶǻӮһɽ֮ͣӮɽ۱ԵĿǰ
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ӮָָԶ֣˶þͻս죬Ȼʧʷ֮С
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һããɽڣڳԶȥĻҹͻȻͣԭͣһᣬͻȻЦŵܰŵܣĿ뵽ģô벻õô㵹ǺãôˡȻˣǾҿʵɣ
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Ҷֱ䣬һû㣬ڶܴ󣡡


2413 磡

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䣬ͻȻʧԭأת˲һֻȭͷֱӺҶԴ
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2414 磬Һܶ
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2415 Һ㣡
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ԶӮ˫΢һ£ڵ꣬ȴսʱҲǿ󷨵ģȻλֺЩǿȫʧЧˡ

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ЦݣҶЩëȻ


2416 ħ֮⣡
ͷСڿѾʱɫ˲䲪Ȼ䣬иǾ
ѾȻǺµġǻУܾͱѾˡڳԼѾȻо顣˿̣Ѿû·
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2417 ѪħѪ
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2418 磬ֶˣ
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2419 һ£
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2420 Сףб
ӮǾʬ壬ҡͷһЦ֣Ը񡭡ˬ
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2423 彣
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2424 Ϊβ
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2425 ̣
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2426 
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2427 
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2435 ѾĿֲ
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ڣҶڵأУ˫ķھּɣ
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Ҷһ̾ȻѾΣԺҾܸҺóԵģôӦңԼܳȥ˵㻹ңЩ
Ѿ룬Ȼ˵ͷҶԣ绹ǺΣյġرָо뵽⣬һҶȻ֮䣬ҸΪҪʲôȻÿ춼һͷԾ͸ˡ
Ҷߵ˶ѾǰѾСԴİɣ˺ܶ࣬Ժ󰡣Եģ
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ԶҶǣһĨѪֻ֣ڲ
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2436 ޵
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޷۶ѾУ֣ͻȻ̧ͷҶǱﳯҶһ
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2437 ɱ֮
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2438 ϶
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˵ţ˵ϣʹޣΪʲôộ


2442 ɱˣ
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2445 Ҫ㻶ӭ
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2446 ĺ޳ܣ
׷Ȼ֪ҶݵģҶۼҲ壬ǣҲʱһһʵʹǵۼҲȫӵġ
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2454 Ҫͺã
Ѫ֮
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2455 С׿٣

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ʱҶͻȻתͷԶһٶˣҶʱסǰɡСףС׿٣Ŷԣѣ죡


2456 ߣ
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С׳ֺСצϣһС⣬ղŵڳ⣡ԶʱС׻һ飬ڼҶСʱʱסˡһ̣תߣҶۼֿ죬ֱߵǰȻæһ񣬡ǰ
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Цӡ󷨣磬Լ֪ıϣȻҪǡ


2457 ǸһƱɣ
ҪʲôҶæʡ
΢΢һЦӡӵʮ֮˵ʮ֮ʮе֮һͷųһλǿ߶ܱ˲
ʮ֮
Ҷ룬Ȼǰ֮𣿡
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2461 ϣ
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2462 ƽ磡
ڶѾġơ£ڵЩ˳ȻȥײЩ硣
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ܶϹϵĶһЩսʧˡ
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2463 Ұ䣬ҰţƤ
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2464 
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Ҷ˵ͷҪȥ
ʱͻȻ֪ڵλ֮ܲ򵥡֮䣬ǻڵʲôڵʲôҲ֪֪һʱ䵽ˣ߻ϴУȶС׵̬ǣ־ڱصãԼౣذɣ
ҶתͷһΣվıߣ
Ц˭Ҿվıߣ
Ҷû˵ʲôתʧԶͷ
Ҷ뿪˳УЦȻҪȥȣԲҡ
ʱͻȻһץһץһصͻȻסд󾪣ҪȻȴǾķ֣һǹҪ壡
ΣҪʲôŭȡ
俴û´ȥǱߣȻ˵ҶҪȥˣ𣿡
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ҡͷ޴УֻӴ˿꣬ڣûˣ
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֮ǰڳУҶûֹԷǣ뿪ңôԴһ
οڳͷʵڱһ
ڣ˫ۻ

뿪ҺҶóͼȻͨͼԪ硣
ԪС棬ṩϢ˪ԪϱߣһʲôлĹĹң
һң
⣬ҶЩЦ
ʱҶһǰ
Ͽգ֣Ĺ
˵һʵһǣ
ʣ˪Ǹˡ
ҶҪǣʱͻȻǿϢһѹסǡ
ҶתͷȥԶһȺˣΪ׵һӣƽ羳
ɨһ·ǳǣȻ˪ҸһᣬʲӵĻĹԸԸ⳼Ԫڣ
УһͻȻһĹ


2465 ǿɲ⣡

⣬ҶҡͷһЦ˪ǻ顣
ܿ죬˪Գ˳Ҷһ㶣漴ʲôʱģ
ҶЦյ
˪΢΢ͷ̧ͷӵˣ˵壬Ȱһ䣬øϽ뿪
Уɫ˪ǸҪ
£ֳ·΢΢һѹһѹһǿѹֱѹĳǡ
ƽ羳ǿߵѹ
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ӵסˣϢŻعд󾪣׷׿˪ԵҶ
ҶûйԪڵˣ˪Цҽȥ𣿡
˪Ϊֱնɱǣ
ҶҡͷڿбҪһã
˪˵ͷ߰ɣȥԬϣ
˵ţҶǻĳǡ
Уɫѿãߣǻȥ֪ͨ
ܿ죬ʧ˻ĳϿա

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Ҷˣ
ԽԽ˳ҶԼ˪߸
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˪˵ͷ̫̫ˣҲ֪Ǳôˡ֮ǰһֱһȥΪѾ꣬ڻȥǱëûˡǲǰһصͷңҿԻȥʱ䣬ߵʱǱߵʱ䲻һӦ˵֮ʱŲһҲرףֻ֪ڻȥ൱뿪֮ǰʮ󡣡
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˵⣬˶٣Ȼֵһ㣬սȻУǺ٣ҶСģսܵ˵Ȼ˵̣ܶǣȴһƽɷԼʱˣȻྪ춯صǣȴÿ춼ľġ
ҶɷԼˣ
˪ЦȻɷǰƽȣȻ仰ͺáɷȷʵԼ˺ܶܶˡʵҲĸܹνľԹƽǸܹѾǳǳˡ˵ģԽԽҵļˡˣǸպÿԵ𣡡
Ҷ룬ȻҪȥ𣿡
˪ҡͷͷһҿͨǼֱӻصǸϵ˵⣬ԥ£Ȼպ󣬿ɲԴСǸһˣ
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˪һҶͲңΪʲô
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кóԵ𣿡ѾͻȻҶԣǺ«
˪㶣ȻҶλСǣ
ҶҪ˵ѾͻȻҽжѾСѡλС㣬˵ǼкܶģûкóԵģ
˪һ۶ѾȻͷܶܶóԣһӣ
Ѿ۾һһԣҶȴҡͷЦܳԵǸ򣡡
ѾĵһҶȻ磬ҿɲСȥ䣿
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ãҶһ˪Ȼ͸ǼԽڴ͹𣿡
˪˵ͷԣһ󣬰ǰԣ֮УֻӵģҲֻͨȥűȽϰȫΪ˵Ǹ磬ǿĽ磬Ǹ磬סǸϵҲǸϵ
˵⣬Ҷ֪ҵĸоǣǸܲƽ֮Уûһң磬ֱҪ̫ǣǸȴһֱڡˣߵʵΣ
Ҷǿǳǿɲ⣡
˪ǾͶˡǸ磬Ĳ򵥡Ϊ˵ǸʱɫЩӣңҵĸоǣеɵǸ磬ҵֱ
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ҶĬãȻѾѾ˪ȥһˣǵãɲȥԣǱȻȻһʱڻ
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ʱС׳ҶǰС׿Ҷգۣ˪˵Ǳߺܺ棬ˡ
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С׵˵СԴȻСצ˼ôͻ
ʵԼ֪ԼСצǼ졣
ҶҪ˵ʱ˪һȥһ˰ɣ԰ǾһǱߵĿǱߵĿ͸ˡ
ѾҲͷİɣҶѾڣû˭˵СסңСڻǸͷµʲô⣬ǸоΣգԣС׺ܰȫġ
ԭأҶĬšܿ죬һ뵽ȥĵطȣǲԥˡ
ҶͷӦСѾʱ


2466 
СѾ˪ȥһˣҶȻŶ෽濼ǵġ
ȣ˪ʵе˪һ˻ȥ͵ĻҲԣǣעĽ㣬˪ȥ㲻ã˪ѡ
ΣһҪȥȣȥȵĿģһǰ｣һر壬ô࣬ڽҪæȻܾܾڶҲȥȿȵʵ
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˵⣬һԵĶѾСףСһأȥǱߣһҪ𣿡

ѾСæͷʱ˵ʲôǶӦġ
˪ЦЦȻҶԼҲҪౣأرԸʵʱǿԸĸĵġرȥȺܵ͵Ļ͵һɡ
ҶЦһġ
磡
ʱһԵĶѾͻȻҸС׾ȥ漸죬ˣͻ㣬һҪúûţʱǻ㲻ˣҸС׻ĵģģǻ㱨ģ
Ҷһ¶ѾСԴ˵ЩĻ
ѾһЦСͷ
С׷ɵҶǰǱҶףȻСצٻŵ˼ҶҪСģҪأҪע⡭
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Ҷע£˪ȫʧҶС
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ζܰ


2467 ȣ
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˵ѾȫԽͬ׵Ĵ
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ǣԽԽ£

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Ե˲пᣬԵ˺Ⲣûʲô
ԵԵ±ԹԵʴȣ
ˣһ㶼ǻġ

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ǸصСŮûһǲµġ
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˵⣬Щ
ĵУ棬ֻȰ
磿ˣҶֻҶҶ֮ûʲô顣Ҷ磿ˣͺܲˡ
ԣںУ֮Ҫˣ
һԣε˵ͷˡȥͶ壬Ͷȣ˵Ƕڻңڻҡг·ͷҲһѪ·
˿ЦιҲû취ǻ廹ȣǶǲʱǾԲģϾǲ֮ԣǲѡҲѡ
οһۺˣǲѵ㲻𣿡
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εȥԪ磬ȥǻĹȥ̬֮ȷŶһ㣬ŵ͵㣬ȡͬ
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εͷܹ˴Ӧλ»ῴҶ϶һֻһֻۣȻ᲻ᣬҲȷȥ԰ɡ
룬Ȼ¸ǡ
˵꣬ʧԭء
Уοһ۲Զϣأ
˵꣬Ҳתʧԭء


2468 ˣ
ȡ
Ҷ֮һ֮ͨУܿ죬ֽһƬãã硣
ڴԼһʱҶǰű
һƬǿգҶվǿ֮Уϡ
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Ҷ΢΢ͷ
磬һЩСԼһЩصĵط統磬ν磬סĵطǸطȻ󣬵ǵλȴǳȻ֮ϡԭȻΪסһλ档֮⣬һЩطҲڽɣҲر
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Ϊ˲Դ֣ǣ˫ܾˣЩԼԼÿһԼĸ븽ΪΪԴԴϵĴ˲š
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2472 ˣҪ
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󷨵þǣԿ˵ľ䣬Էֹ͵͵ǱŽڡ
ֵһ˵ǣ󷨾ǵ꽣ŪġˣҶ˳ľͨ󷨵ɨ衣
ݽ˴һС֮ϣҲŷ塣
ŽڣΪţţѾ洫
ţһָ澳ˣţƽ羳һˣ洫ֻдﵽĽ磬ܳΪ洫ӣ洫ӣҲ൱ںĵˡ
źȻĵģĵӦ֮ϣ
ݽ˴ŷתȥ˱ȥ
Ī̧ͷһԶǷһĨŵЦݣ洫ӣĪһΪ洫ӣ
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء
ţҶԣԽͻȻ
Ҷʼ磬Ǻ£𣿡
ԽЦأϣΪ洫𣿡
Ҷ룬ȻҵŽһеȤ
ԽסˣʱҶѾԶȥ
ԭأԽҡͷһЦžνĳɣ
˵꣬˹ȥ
űҶԽڱ󣬻һöƣŵơԽĻǣǹŽڵĵˡպȥˣݣһ£˶Žڼӵġԣö൱һö
ҶҲпһܶʱ򣬱ݣȷʵöԷͶˣҲпܻöԷһݣɱڣ
ΪŽŵӺǾʸȥˣνΣһ糤Դڽ֪ʶһֻһΡ
պýһλ罣޽εӡ
ڿ̨
һλһԲ̨֮ϣԲ̨֮£ʮʯףʯ֮£ڷŲ°ٸš
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ҶԽһۣȻе㲻Ծʱ˻ȥǺӣҶӲͷƤ˹ȥ
ʱҶԽĪһ£ŵ½ɵλãñȥ
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ҶҡҡͷȻʣʶ𣿡
ڣһҶܱܲһ̵⣿ʲôʱ˹ŽǼϹ⣬һʶ𣿸οһŵӣ
ҶڨЦЦȻԥ£Խ裬㻹𣿡
Խԥ£Ȼҡͷ
ô˶ûȥȻλ½ɾһ˲õȥùͷһзˣ
ԽҡͷҶҡͷһЦ޾;УĥѺ֮ࣿһ㽣ֹǰԺôȥ
˵ţҶֱλá
˵һλöѣûʲôϵԽ軹ԣȻʶҲеԵ֣Գһ¡ȻܲȥǶԷˡ
˵Ŀ֮УҶֱλ֮мǸ
ҶԽƬ̣뵽ʲôЩ˷ܣЩǺܿ죬侲Ϊ뵽˺ܶ飬鷳ãӵĿһԶҶ
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ʵ֮νǰ;ƽӹһΪΣΪǲҴƴһ֮ǰûǾͻʧܣʧҸô죿׬ǮҸô죿ָô죿
񶨣
ܶʱ黹δʼǾѾҷԼ
Ҷƴƽӹһƴһ£ʧܣΣҪгͷʧܣηηţǻи˼
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һ̾˺ü꣬ʲôҶԵģټ˵Ҷ츳ϾʮǧǣȴһҲ䰲ϾΪ־ԣԣԡ
ҶԣһҶŰҲ޹Ҷû˹
˿̣ҶɳΪ˳еĽ㡣
ҶǰԶǿ߿һҶȻΡ
ҶҲţò˵߽ĻǺˮƽģҲһЩջ񡣹ãͣȻҶˣ⣬ʾ⣡
һʱ䣬˾֣
ĿһǴϣΪڸղţ÷ǳ棬һʱ˼
ĿǴæվһȻϣϰһŽ½ʦһĽΪҵҪࣿ
ϿһۣȻ˶ٱ飿
룬Ȼһ£ÿٱ顣
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Ҷ΢΢һû뵽ϻͻȻ˵ҶʣΣ
ϵ½ɣѾﵽƽ羳ϾͿԳΪŵӣȻƽ羳ǣѾܹǿߡ
Ҷ룬ȻǰλãǹŽרŸ½ɵרλ𣿡
ҡͷ
ҶЦǾͶˣȻרλãΪʲôҲˣҪ˵ǲǣ
ǷһĨζЦݣϲ˽
Ҷͷɫһֱţͨ뽲ǽìܵΨһ;
ڣҡͷҶķЩرģһ˶֪ģ


2473 赹Ц
Ҷһõó˽Ц

磬Ȼеģǵʵǰ֮¡Ϊܶʱǿǲ߽ģͺñȣȥһͷ
ǿʳ
չֵΪ㣡
ҶǰϿҶãȻҪôһҪôһš
˵꣬ȥ
ȥ󣬳˽ǿҶ֮У͸©ֻҲк棬ȻĻֻ
һзˣǻĿ⡣
ҶΧ˵Ŀ⣬תȥ
ԶԽԥ£ȻҶ
·ϣԽ迴һҶӦõ͵һ㡣
ҶЦҺܸߵ𣿡
Խͷܸߵ
ҶһЦȻҲǸߵأˣ˵ЩˣһеҪæȸˡ
˵꣬Ҷֱʧԭء
ԭأԽͣ˽Ų΢΢ͷ˼֪ʲô
ãһ̾תȥ

Ҷ˺ɽɽ֮УһƬɽǹŽڵĵ̣УǿޣǹŽԼģ˵Žڵġ
ѰãҶһĵطȻ˺ڡ

ڵһеʱͻǷɽ
ڣҪ󻯵⽣Ӧ˵󻯵Ŀ⽣
رýһ㣬Ҫ£ֻҪԷƳҶ⽣ڣ޵еģ
Ȼģ簲ϾѾ֣ϾʵûףѾǣ̫̬֮ͬУѾڲ֮ˡ
ãǸҶһģ
һ֮УҶվԭأǰССţ
ҶССţǣһϣ
СţЩԥǺܿ죬ҶֵȫҾ͸СѾǱ˵ǻ˵ǻ᲻ң
⻰СţҲûаԥˣ츫ͳҶ˹ȥ
һֻ̣Ҷ
СҲһԾֱӳҶײ˹ȥ
ҶССţһ̣ͨռĸܣĸܵССţԼǵͼرСţϳ
಩ȫСţͷû֮ǰһСţԴСٶȺܿ죬ǿǣȴǿռ䣬ڽռԼٶңĵطƬ֮أСֵһ˲䣬ҶǾѾַƬۣ
Ҷûг֣
֮׾ٵĶСţСĹһ̣ʶ֮УССţٶԼӳˡ
ʵȻǽսʶˣ
ʱһһȥܿ죬Ҷʼˡ

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ҶĽڣҶķɽֱûݣ⽣֮Уɽ÷ɵģô͵ģýڵĿռ䴫͡˵ΪҶԵʣɽѾ־峹Ϊһ壡
ڽ֮Уάռ䳹ױ͸ˣ
ģСţСѾȫûм֮⽣֮УǴķǳǳǳıΪǱİҶ·û
һᣬССţʲôܿ죬ǲڹҶǹҶĽ
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ǿȣ
ССţʼҹҶɫһ˲԰ûڳ֣ǳȥ˽򡣳ȥ󣬿ССţҶɬһЦ
û˽ַʱʧΪ޷ͨռܵССţǵһС
֮⣬һȱ㣬ǾǿĶڽʱսپȻԷǿ򣬻ɼ˺ϵ˺
ʵССţƽһ̣ǿǳ֮ǰ͸ССţһġǣССţľٶõԼĲ֮
Ҳûʲôģ
Ҷ뿪˳УҶ뿪ССţʱһеҶˣ
Ҷв̫ˣ
඼ô޳ܵ

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óΪ洫ӣͻȻ
ΪʲôҶ⡣
ֻ洫ӣлŽصĵطҲǹŽǵŽڴʦĵطҲǹŽصĵطҵı壬гǿأ룬ֻУǲлóҵıƬ
洫ӣ
ҶЩͷʹ̫鷳ˡҲ˷̫ʱ䰡ûбİ취
ǿҪҪԣ
ǿ
ҶڨЦЦ˰ɣɲ뱻׷ɱңһܹ
츳ʵò˶þͿԳΪ洫ˡУҵıǻָĽҸұ֤ǿɱһλǿߣ֮ϵܹնɱ
ôǿҶһ
Ƕ飬ǳ˯˻ԣҲͬҵڣұǻָӵһһĳǲͬġ
ҶĬ
Ȼ׽˼ڵûзӳȫңҲûΪǣָͬһȫȫæԼǽޣǱǷǳǿģ
˰ΣҶҡͷһЦҲΪȡر壬𣿡
һҶĬ
ҶҲΪһŽڵģǵģҶܶʱһΩͼļһǣҲˡȡ㱾壬ڱɣ֮ǰҵİ㱾ָ»뿪ҾǿҲڸɿ飬ܹݣҵ뷨
˵꣬Ҷ뿪˺
̨ϣĬ
⡣
Ҷص˹ŽڣÿһŵӣԼרסޣҶҲС
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ڵ취ΪǸʲô洫ӣҪΪ洫ӣȳΪŵӣЩֻһһ̫ˣױɣ׳£
͵ģԣЩƬǽģⲻ͵ֻ˵ЩƬԭģ
ŵӣ
Ҷ뿪Լķ䣬ҵԽ衣
ΪŵӣԽ辪㵵ĿҶ
Ҷͷ𣿡
Խ迴һҶȻҪΪŵӣҪͨ飬ǿ飬ֻƽǿ߲пͨڡ
Ҷڲ棡
ʲô飿Ҷʡ
ԽҪ˵ʱһͻȻһЦƣλСʦܸճΪŵӣҪΪŵӣ˰
ҶԽתͷȥһֳֳӣӴһۣ󻹱һϻ
Ҷʣ𣿡
΢΢һ漴ЦȻԣֻЩЦҸ㽲һ£ǰأмֻϣǾȻҪᵹһŴ˵ЦЦ㡭
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
һ̣˴סˡ
ֻҶ֪ʱѾסӵĺ
ҶֱֻӣЦЦһүôЦˣ赹Ц


2474 ݣݣ
ˣľ
رŵЩŵӣ
𾪵ĪԽ裬ΪҶסӣǻʵĽ澳
һ澳ǿһ澳ǿУ֮ûУ
ҶֱԼǰӣôЦˣ
˵ţԽԽ
һ̣ﻹЦóˣɫ԰׵Ŀ£
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ʱһԵһŵͻȻŭʦ֣㡭
ŵӻδ£ҶͻȻԼе͵ؾһҡ
飡
ѿѪĽ
Ҷ֣Ȼתͷ˵ŵӣղ˵ʲôû˵һ飿
ŵɫЩѿ˵һ飬ڿһĲ״ʱʱԼеǸͷ
ҶջĿ⣬ԼǰѾվվһ¾ǰν

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ԼǶ֣
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ҶУԹ֮ɫ
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˫΢УԼǿ
ҶҡͷϣҪŪһ£ҶµģµģⲢûдɣ
ЦһҪնɱ㾹Ȼ˵ԼûдǺвŰųϣڣҶҹŽڵӣʱڣҹŽڣնɱ㣡
Ҷʼ磬ȻԽ裬ſ
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ԣǿüͷϢջ֡
ҶһǿȻŷȥ
ԭأĬãȻȥΧҲȥ
ŷ塣
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׷߿һҶ޼ɵҲһλųϣֻֿܣһǣ̨ǿ󣬵ڶԼǿ󣡵ȻҲпУ
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׷ҡͷУûͨſˣһԻٵȻ㽻ųϸ𡣡
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׷߿һҶôŵӣųȨ档
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ҶЦǾͿʼɣ
׷ߵܼ򵥵һˣҪΪŵӣƽ羳ȻûʵȴѾǰ˵ĻŸӻӭ
˵ţһӣҶΧĿռֱӳһ޴ɲ֪ĺɣõģȻԿĳ
ҶɨһܣЩ⣬ʱһǿϢͻȻǰţһͷ˶޳ǰ
״ǣȫϣͷȴʨѾϵء
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϶ģڵܷѣҪôԴͷأһȭֱӴſ£У̫ߵˣŻΧ˵ġ
һ£
ֲ˷̫ʱ䣡
ѣ
ΪѰ
ʱͷ̫ʨѾҶ˹ȥ
ҶҪ֣жʱ˽ݣݣ
Ҷ


2475 ݵۣ
ݣ
һΣòݡΪҪܹɻܵĻľ̫ˡ
ͷˣ
˿̣̫ʨ
Ҷֽճȭһȭ
ֻ
һȭֱӺ̫ʨǵԴϡ
飡
˵Ŀ֮У̫ʨֱӳźˡ
ͬһţҶ𣬡ˣ
ҶӦ죬żһ㣬˶ʱҵķһ㳯ź󷽵˳ȥ
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ˣ
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ޣҶû뵽ҶȻһλޡ
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ڣһλ
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ǣͷ̫ʨٴγҶ˹ȥ
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׷߿һԶſڵϵҶȻһԺúø졣ˣҲпҹŽһλţʮ󣬸ܳΪҹŽڵ
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ԶҶĬ


2480 ҶҶҶ
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ͷûжܣֱӳҶǿĹײ˹ȥ
飡
Уһը羪ը죬ͷһֱԿڵأҶҲֱӵ˳ȥڵɳȥʱ˫ֱǿĹǰһңΪѾһͷ嵽ǰ
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һԣŮü΢ҶҶҶ


2481 £
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Сɫ˲һֱ̣ӳ˳ȥ
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СҪ׷Ҷֹ
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Ȼǰ·ûд
·ϣīͻȻߵҶԣҶ֣ղǸ𣿡
ҶһīţīŲһЦҼҵĸо

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ҶҾã㻹ӦöôȥҪģ𣿡
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俴һҶˣǹúӶ£


2482 
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Ҷһ۰̣˵ǲǿڵɣƭȥȻң
ߣҶӣȥ;ӵġ
ҶڨЦЦǸҺڵˣеˡ
΢΢ͷҶӵҲģ;Ӵ顣ҪȥĻ֤Ƿʮö羧ߣӵ߱ʲô
Ҷһӣʮö羧ǰ
ҶЦ𣿡
̿һҶˣҶ
ҶŰ˵صף׼ȷ˵һ½ֵֵʮɣȴɡ
˽ǴźۣϢ˭Ҳʶ˭
Ҷڰ̵Ľ£ҲŪһ۴ţ̵˵ǣ֮ｻףΪǵĶù⣡
磬ɱԽĶ
Ҷ͵󣬰̾תȥˡطܶġ뿪ʱҶһö羧Ϊ볡ѣ
һ̣ŷ֣ԼĻֻһˣЩģ
ջ˼Ҷɨһܣ˲رֻ࣬ʮˣңʱ뿪Ҳ˴
֮⣬ֵܰһҲޡ
һᣬҶߵǰԶһǰںǰڷһɫ֮ϣе׹ơ
α
ҶҡͷûʲôȤǣߵһǰǰڷŵһذף̣ܶȴܷ
Ҳһα
ذףһ£˲ͻΪޣ
Ҷҡҡͷ¿Ȼڿ̯λ󣬶ûзֺõĶ
Щʧ
ҶҡҡͷҪȥʱͻȻߣڶ
ԣҶͣ½Ųתͷǵڶ̯λǺǰڷһöȭͷӡ
ڵ
ױ޵ڵͻȻ
ԣҶ۾


2487 һɱˣ
ױڵ
ҶȱľǿȣֻҪȥͿԲѹԼľ硣Ҫڵһö
رǿڵ
ܶʱСˣСڵˣܴﵽĽϾһ̫
Ȼֻ룡
УҶһֱһɻǾǶѾǸСѾͷûڵأ
пյʶѾ
ջ˼ҶߵǺǰָöڵ٣
һٶʮö羧˵˻ƣȻ˱
һٶʮö羧
ԣҶüͷǺܹˣֻʮö羧
Ҷ룬һЩ
˵ۣ
ۣ
Ҫˣ
ʱһһԴ
ҶתͷȥһɴĳȹŮӣֻܿ˫ۣ˫ԼԷòӦúܺÿ
ɴŮߵǺǰָһ㣬һöɽǺ˵ǰ
ɨһۣܿ죬ɽ䣬Ȼתȥ
öڵԭء
ڵȻرڵǣֻһЩ޶ԣһ˵е㼦ˡȻ۸Բֻһٶʮö
ҶЩϧû취˭˼ұǮأ
һΣᵽǮĺôˣ
ҡҡͷҶҪȥʱɴŮͻȻԵȡ
ҶתͷɴŮӣ
ɴŮָһ㣬öڵҶǰ͸µģ
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ɴŮӵط
ҶһɴŮӣȻ˵ͷ
˻ص˾¥һ¥һž£ǰæϵ裬֮ǰĲ̫̫࣡
ɴŮӵҽб࣬ϼˣ;Ӿϼҿġ
壡
ȵһ壡
Ҷһ裬Ȼ˵ɣ
ϱཫڵŵҶǰϣǿύ㡣
Ҷһϱ̹࣬Щ⣡
ϱǿǿߣҲǿ߽ύڵҵ⡣Ȼ㲻ܣҲӰʲô㻹㣬һңѣҲӦóΪˣأ
ҶǰǿڵãȻãҶķ񣬵ǣãҵķ񡣡
˵ţöڵлˡ
ϱ΢΢ͷû˵ʲôתȥ
£ҶǣԴҶԴͨǿǰ㣬ޣرǿĽޣǿɲһİ󼱣ỵ£
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УҶٴκһڲ裬ȻսЩţе㲻򵥰
ղŮˣ磡
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ҶЦѵ˶ͷ⣬ҵе㲻ϰˡԣûϵģ˭ܲǷأ
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ڵҶصԼķ䣬Ȼ˺ڡ
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ڵ壬һɼ侫͵ɢ˿˲ϯ壡
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ҶһЩڵɢȫʼ
⣬;㣬һķ֮УһŮվڴߣĿԶλãԿսǴ벿羰
ŮҶڵϱ࣡
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ΣϱͻȻʡ
ϵЩɡ
Ůӿϣ˵˵
ϵԹŽڣǹŽŵӡֵһ˵ǣżŽû죬ȥսſˣɹˡӹŽǱߴϢǣҶҷ֧һ˽ӡҶҷ֧ڶ࣬˽¡޴Ӳ𡣶ңǵһҶҵĵƣͻᱻԷӣǶø߼Ȩޡ
ˣ
ϱ൭ڲˣ飬ֻ˷Сرǣһλ˽ӣӷС
ϵ˵ͷҲǡ˵Ҷҵһλ˽ӵĻɾͺ˼ˡԸ𱬣ɱϣҲΪҿҶҷ֧ĳ˽ӣΪֻݣֻпּ˵Ը񣡡
ϱ΢΢ͷЩˣˣļǿǽޣҡ
˵⣬ϣһսϿǳ𣿡
ҡͷˣӵսңһ̣ʹңоΣա˵ʵս
Σϱʡ
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忪
ϱ΢΢ͷ츳ʵӦˣǣȴûа̡ΪʲộѵҶȺӦòԣ츳˵˽ӣڵͼݣҶҶ
˵⣬ٴοϣҶ֪Ǳûʲô
ҡͷʱûӦҲڹע
ϱ΢΢ͷɣȥһ߿ӴӴ
ߣ
ϳжˣ
ϱ˵ͷȻתʧԭء
ԭأһأ

սĳ¥֮УһŮڸ¥ˣһƹϣʱʱڣ㣡
ŮҶ֪
ʱһ˳Ҷ֪
˳С㣬ûмɢˣȥ;ӣ飬;ӵϱѾӴ
Ҷ֪ҧһڻƹϣ飬£Ȼûţ
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˳Ѿ飬Ҷּ֮У˽ӵģһһʮλУһʮλڣҲڼ֮УûһҶġ
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ԥ£Ȼˡ
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˳ǱǷ֧Ⱥһι
Ҷ֪ͣеĶĬһᣬȥµˣ
ԥ£ȻС㣬һ㲻ּܷҵ飬
Ҷּ֪ҲҶҵ𣿡
˵ȻǣұȻҶҵˡ
Ҷ֪ȻҶҵˣҹܣ𣿡
˵˵ͷãҾͻȥ¡
Ҷ֪վڼЩ˽ӣҲҶˣȥ̿һãרΪЩ˽˽ӣŮֱӽãκ˵ɱһ;ǣֻҪﵽҪҶ֪ǽңΪҶһԱ
ϵ˵ͷС㻹ʲôԸ𣿡
Ҷ֪ԵһڻƹϣȻҶ飬ڲˡ
˳һҶҵ桭
Ҷ֪ղţһλĽ۷ǿȥھ¥ڱһɱ
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Ҷ֪һۺˣȻҪðҶңʵҲҪðκȻ˵Ҷҵһ˽ӣǾˡ
˵⣬תͷңԶʣ㲻ǣҲҪǣ


2488 ƽ磡
ڡ
ҶϢԽԽǿģΧĿռ䶼ʼһ
֪˶ãһǿѹͻȻҶϯ
䣡
Ϊ֮һ
Ҷվȭͷռʱһ󼤵
磡
öڵ֮ڴﵽ磡

һ̣ǿࡣ
δʼԼľ磡
Ĳѹ£ϢԽԽǿһᣬֱӴһﵽ磡
뾳˫˫
ʵ
֮УҶһȻ˵һ֮С
ƶ֮ϣҶУ
죡
Ѿ쵽һޣ֮⣬ɽƶ֮мÿһɽƶ֮һĽۣ
ͷţ
ոҶ뾡ͷԼڵ
ڿ֮ķɽٶȱӵĿˡ
УҶóһеҶЦʱȥóǰ㳹׽⣡
׽⣡
Ŀƿس׽
ﳹ׽⣬ʵӵĿֲ
ԶԶĲΪĵˣȣǿߣ֮ϵǿߡڵʵԶԶ޷ȿģ
ԣǿǲǿÿ˭֣
ʱҶͻȻ뿪˺ǰ̡
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̽뷿ȻҶӣϳȥӭУ
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Ҷüͷս磬
̽͵ҲսģǵΣҲΪ˶Կ塣Ϊ˶ҵս沢ƸҲߵ˵ԴҪΪԼԴҲǽ羧Ϊ˽羧ʱҲȥ͵Ϯ壬е㸴ӣ
΢£Ҷˣ

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ַЩпᣬǾЧ
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Ҷջ˼Ȼȥ𣿡
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̵ҶӣϮǿЦģȻǱǣǻ˵ġϮǲġһƣ˲ŽᣡʱеԭĺҲһ𿹵У
Ҷ˵ͷǾͳȥɣ
˵ţҶ뿪;ӣ˿̣Ѿҹ졣УһεĽա
Ҷ˳ǽ֮ϣ˿̣ǽѾۼһЩˣЩ֮УͶƽ羳Ľǿߣܶ࣬ǳ࣡ңЩϢ񣬲ˮֵĽǿߣ
֮⣬Ҷܵ˼ǿϢ
⼸ǿϢޣȺ֮У
Ҷɨһܣûмīŵˡ
Ҷ̧ͷԶԶͷһƬʲôҲ
ͻȻ
顭
ԶͻȻԽԽܿ죬һǿѹ

ԶͷͷǿԵʴǧһ㳯߱ܶߣҲȺ
ҶɨһۣȺ֮У͵ľȻƽ羳
ƽ羳
Ҷüͷǲе̫ˣ
һ̣뵽һʣƽ羳繷ߣ
е㲻
ܿ죬ҶһЩè壬֣Щ޵ľ΢Щ飡Ϣôĳȣġ
Ⱥ֮УмͷĽǣ⼸ͷСţǲ̫̫࣡
ǾǾ鸡ʱһҶ
ҶתͷȥɴŮӣҲϱ࣡
Ҷ˵ͷе飡
ϱȣһֹӣƽֹӣ԰Щƽ硣ַǿģȻЩ顣ǣǿֲġ
սҶ
ϱ˵ͷͷλǸ˲õļһ֮ƽˣǻಹ
ÿսԴһԭ򣬻һԭҲҪĿģǾЩ
ЩܹھʮսۺģľӢ
ں𣿡Ҷʡ
ϱ࿴һҶȻ֮һ仰ô˵ģҪôԼҪôڻڲŬԼպǻ嵶»꣡
Ҷһ۳ǽϵЩǿߣЩУûпη߼ɵֻ˷ܣУ
ս
Щ˿ս
ʱϱֵÿһսǾͻӵսƷڵѪҺȣ֮⣬ÿһβμս˻ģö羧ĽڶμӣܻöԴƣȥ
˵⣬һҶѾھŴˡܻͻõʮö羧
˵أҶʡ
ϱʬǲͻȥǵļ壬һһԽսȻҪﵽһҪ󡣡
˿̣ȺѾ²ԶʱǽϵЩѾͲסֱԾ³ǽЩ˹ȥ
ЩˣѾЩЩУͬ˷ȡΪԵõЩϵĽ羧ܹȥõõĽͣ
ܹõã
ܿ죬·Щ޽սһ𡣲ò˵ЩսǷǳֲģ֮ͬУһҲЩͬ׵Ĵ
ǽϣҶϱ࣬㲻ȥ𣿡
ϱҡͷЩľӢҵĶ֣ЩﵽǿߡȥɱЩ֮µģǻˡ
أҶйأ
ϱԱǹءȻһȥԿһĽ磬Ľл·ǲɱûκ壡ֻǿߴսǲкô
˵⣬ҶȥȻֻ޽죬´ȥضɳͬǿ㽻֣
Ҷһ·ҡҡͷûȤ
ϱ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ܿ죬뵽ʲôֵСң
ң
Ҷ¡
˵ϱ
ҶûһаŮӣ
䣡
ϱĬƬ̣ȷ֪𣿡
Ҷҡͷֻ֪а䣬ҵһλС㡣
ϱ΢΢ͷʱһȥ˰飡
Ҷл
ϱͻȻ̧ͷԶһλ
ԶʾͷһͷȻһɽһ㳯߳ײ
ǿϢ
Ҷ˫΢УսʵҪǿܶܶడ


2489 ˼ͣ
ԶλǱģǰλ΢һЩ⣬ಢûʲô
λһĿֱϱϣʱϱһֱӳ˳ǡ
һһֱӴս
ҶȴѾתȥ
ʵ൱սڲһϷֻϷепᣬΪġ
ЩûʲôȤ
Ҷص;ʱſڣһӡ
ҶһӣʶϣȻġ
ңҶʡ
΢΢ͷң
ҶҲ̫˷ʱ䡣
ЦҲ̫˷ʱ䡣
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ǿߣ
ȻһҪˡ
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Цܹ˲ɱһλĽǿߣܸط߱ʲôǣòϣºǿǳǿ֮ǰӸˣڣǲˡ
Ҷߵӵǰֱӣ΢ƣô͸ҿ϶ڵ㣬ң
ԣ˫΢Уôҿ϶ĵƣ
ҶЦԭ뿴ĳ˵ϣҷʲô顣Һһ£ĽӴƺҲرáԣȻҲ£Ǿ˶ϰɡ
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ϿһҶԥ£ȻҶסǸߵȿͷ;ܱĸҶҪ𣿡
ߵȿͷ
Ҷ㶣Լͨͷ𣿺ܿ죬ҶˡԷڶͷ⣡ҶҡͷһЦˣҪսǾսɡɱʲôģˣ
ϿһҶû˵ʲôһӣгһãܿ죬Ҷ߳һƬ֮С
ս磡
Ҷ棬߿ҶԲ纣ȴɢһɼǿѹ
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䣡
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һζķֻỻĽ
սô꣬Ȼһ㣬ˣȻղΣǣһ˲˸ַӦ
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װ棬ʵıѹˡ
Ҷû߷ϻ£öӡһγ߳˹ȥˣ֮Уɽɽ磬һõɫ䡣
ת˲䣬ΧǲռֱӱиޣʱͷѪɫͻȻڿ˸ܿ죬һѪɫĺâ˲鲼սա
ɱ⣡
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ҶһǸѪɫıʣһ𣿡
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ǿߣʵ߶Խߵ£ң֮䣬϶꣬ʵԣѾָơ
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ʱԶͻȻ˻ƵҶ·ҪҶ
ӵôгһͨ
Ȼǵģ
ûи״֮ǰпܻҴ֣֮
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£ǰ̤һ

ֵһֱ̣סˡ

һ̣ΧЩâϢһиޣţɽ߲Ӵն
ͣ
ԴֱӴӲϵ
ҶһУߵɽǸѪɫıʶʱյ˺ڡ
ȥͼص˾¥֮С
Ҷߵͷ­ߵǰȻǿͷ­ŵӵǰ˼ͣһСİԴˣ㲻ɣ


2490 ʮ
һ̣¥֮кܰ
ӿǿͷ­˳Ĭ
Ҳ˳Ĭ
УѾ
ˣ
һǿ߾ôˣ
ãӽӹǿͷ­Ҷˡ
ҶһЦĻллҸһʮö羧Ҹм
΢΢ͷЦɣ
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ͷ­߳˾¥¥⣬ڲ

ǿͷ­ʧԶ
¥֮С
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻصԼķ֮С
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ǰǸѪɫıʣҶõ˽ǰʲôʣ
һǱʣȻرʣþУ
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⡣
ҶŪһ£飬ܿңѡ˷ӡԼⲿӴûİҾҲûʲôáһٵ飬ŪǣûС׵Уһﲻڡ
˵⣬ҶԽǸСһˡŷ֣ԭСһﲻֻǻȶѣ飡
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ϱ˵ͷս磬ҲϱߣһԨԨףн羧ܶࡣǣΣգȥˣûܹ
Ҷֻн羧𣿡
ϱĬƬ̣бĶ
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˵꣬תȥ

ԭأҶʣµ裬ȻصԼķ֮С
һƬ׳أ˿̣СȴЩ塣ƾǿȵĻǾԱȲСȴġ˵¾һЩȲСǡ
⼸ͷԵõŵرģʱõ֮һϰ׵ڵǣѾǿһֿµĳ̶ȣ
ʵСȴ֮ôڿҪԭǶѾѾǰ˵ʱдд裡
ʱ̫ˣ϶ᱻѾһ٣
ڶպٰ򰡣
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סƬ׳أ˵ǶѾǶԳƬ׳صĺ
Ƭ׳ĵõļ£
ϧǣƬ׳ֻС׵ˣ
ֻСܹһû취СܹԼ
ҶһƬҡҡͷȻתȥ

ʱҶʼÿҲʱʫŮرѩСǡʱһֱ٣ر˵ʱ䣬֮٣ǲûԹ
һ죬Ҷ˰ɵĹ֮УܵҶĵվҶߵǰЦƽ羳
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2491 
ʱĺܿ죬תۼ
ϣϱԼ
Ҷ߳˷䣬¥£ϱߵҶǰ߰ɣ
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ϱ͵ģȥеԶǵñ
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ϱһ裬ȻҶӣҾٸӣһ׻ʵۣʮӣǣֻһܳΪʵۣ˳ΪʵۺЩ˶ôȻõķ룬ʣµЩˣᱻżȨȦӡھ֮ǵʵһ֧͸Զˡ˵飬ѪԵࡣ
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ϱԥ£ȻҶΪλ·ûбޣ෴ޣر̶ֳܹȣʵ壡

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ƬԨƬ̣ҶͻȻߵԵԨףʲô

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2492 Σգ

仰Ҷһ㱣ȥܿ죬ҡҡͷǹɻĵ뷨˲ʧӰ١
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ңӴ֣ǰλҶ˽ӣʱ򣬻Ǻܺ˵ģһֵýύˡ
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Ҷٴεͷȥܿ죬ɫҲǸطԼһӰƮݡڿǵӰʱĵһоǣΣգ
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طǺΣհ
ʱϱͻȻһΣ㶪Ҳ֪ʲôǿǿܹ죬Ȼʵ𵱳ǿ˲٣ǣûаա
ҶǼףһ̣ͻȻ뵽СףС⣬ֻҪСצһǼԾͻԹܵǰ
ϧСһﲻڣ


2493 Ǽޣ
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ͬһ̣Ҷ֪ϵǹɺɫҲ֮ʧУһɫĳޡ
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Ҷɫǲֲˣͨìܣ͵ùͨ
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һᣬӰͻȻǽޣǼޣ


2494 
ޣ
һԣϱŮ̲סЦ
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ԭҶУֲЦϵˡȻǷ֣ϣ죡ҪǣǷ֣ҶƤܺ
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ϱѾǺüʱ֮ǰˣ
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Ůû˵ڰ䱸š
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ҶɫһݣǰλǰȻͬһʱ
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ջ˼Ҷ˵ͷʶ
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Ӱû뵽ǿҲλС죬޷氡
Ҷԥ£Ȼǰǰѣ
ӰǣҺܾҲΪʲôԸ⹵ͨԭ򣬲Ȼ춼⡣
ҶĬʵҲ棬ԷΪλô˵ˡԷϳӦ˵Էйϵ
ǰڵܴ󰡣
ǰ﾿ʲôطʱϱͻȻʡ
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ԣһΣ
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Ӱ˵սһˣֻΣ
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Ӱ΢΢ͷ꣬ѾˣǣǱһ
ϱԥ£ȻԳȥ𣿡
Ӱҡͷ

Ҷԥ£ȻҲҿԴ³ȥ
ԷȻչֳ⣬Ҳͷ⣬ύһλǿߣ飬
ӰͻȻЦ
ҶһӰһﲻǷ˰ɣ
Ƭ̣ӰСӣ֪мıҽ棬Ȼǳȥɶԣ
ҶҲͷ
Ӱôǣëʣ£
ΪΣҶ⡣
ӰЩڣ˵û˵ҲûϵֻҪһ㣬Щǲܴģһٶڵ˵ģ
ҶĬˡ
֪Է˵ģӦþʲôˡ
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ҶҡҡͷЩе磬Ĳ̫ΪʲôҪȥƴһأʲôܺú̸̸أѾˣպʲôһҪƽͨɱɱģ̫Ұˣ
ʱӰͻȻûȤһߣ
£
ҶŹֵĿһӰǰǲ赶ɱˣ
ӰǼףֻǰ棬һʵĳȻ϶˵ģõĳӦǼΪټģʹ˵ĳ˵ҲǷǳġôûȤȥһˣ
Ϊʲôϱʡ
ӰҲڣ֮£һͷѾ꣬ʵӦ֣ҪնɱӦò󡣡
ҶһۣҶҡҡͷһ£Ͳȥˡ
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֪˶ãһԨ˳
Ӱæϥ£֪
Ԩ׻ָƽ
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ԨصףһԼʮСŮһһ
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ǿͷ­ڽСŮĽһһ£ʱʱὫǿͷ­߳ȥǿͷ­Զǽֻᵯ
СŮôţֺ
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ңԶһƬɿռ֮УһͻȻͣͷһۣ΢΢ͷǷ
˵꣬ʧ˲Զ
ԨصףСŮͻȻһԼǰǿͷ­ϣһΣõĺܴ
飡
ǿͷ­ֱըѿ
СŮ̧ͷԶɽϣ棬һͷޡ޺벿Ӱڣ塣ֻܿһͷ
Ҷ⣬϶ޱȣ
ΪͷͷǣǣѾͷһģһ
СŮͷޣãתͷ
һ̣Ԩڲ

Ҷ뿪Ԩص˰ߡ
Ͻǳ亹

һΣĸݡΪڸղţԸܵһɸµĶעǡرҶоһ˫ڿ˫ǰоԼһڶûС
Σգ
ղ棬ɫƽʵѾκˡ
棬мΣյĴڣ
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Ҷ˵ͷȻָһ㣬Ǽ׳ϱҶ֪ǰ
ϱҶ֪һۣϱҶ֣ղѾõףҿȥΪλҪȥ֪
ʵǺˡ
ҶԵ̫е˽ˣߵģߣûУڻ׽˳
Ҷҡҡͷûнʲôˣ̰ģҰģǣûԭ򣬲ûеߡ
ͺñȣ˿ɷǣ
Ҷû˵ʲôϱŮҲûʲôϱǻףȻҶֹ˼;ӺһҶġ
ҶЦǾͶлˣ
̸̸ʱҶ֪ͻȻ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷ
ϱ̸Ǳߵǣ
˵꣬Ѿ⡣
Ҷ֪óһƹϿ˿УȻҶһˣ
Ҷң
ҶЩͷʹЦЦҪ˵ʱҶ֪ŽڲŽڣϼҲڲ顣
ҶĬ
Ҷ֪תͷҶ㾿ǲҶ˽ӣҲȥڣҶ˽ӣҶкôҲкôأ
ҶĬƬ̣ȻŽڻڲ𣿡
Ҷ֪ͷǣһЩҵ档һһҶңЩʧ
ҶҶ֪ǲҶأ
Ҷ֪벻ΪҶˣ룬ǣ룬Ͳǣ
ҶҶ֪ãȻãҶң
Ҫһݣһȵݣ


2495 Ҷ
˻صսǣصսǺҶ֪ȥһᣬϱһݴ
ö羧ڵ
Ǳ꣡
ҶҲûоܾݴ
Ҷһڵǰö羧ö羧ȼգԴԴϵĽ֮Ҷӿȥ
Ҷǿڵڣһɾ
̣
ڵҪ磬ֻҪﵽ磬ܹﵽ磬ʱʵֻȫһ̨ס
һΣҶû󼱣ϸϸ״
Щ֮оЩڲʵѾﵽһĳ̶ȣҪﵽʱ䣬ûرĻԵǲܵ顣
ΨһľеĻԼ
ϵϸϸ仯ҶޱãָоǴ棬ƽůǳ
˴ԼһϢͻȻҶɢ˳
ҶվվǹϢʧӰ١
磡
ڵѾﵽ磬Ҳﵽ硣
֮
ʵһҪ֪ɲǾﵽ磬Ҳﵽ硣
Ҷ뿪ңƶ֮ϣ΢
ಣ
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ɽ
Ҷ΢ƣ뾳ͻƺ귽棬棬õ˴ǿڣķɽ֮ǰɣ
СɣζţһλǿߣǶý򣬵ƾɽͿնɱԷ
ɱ
޲ͬߣܶʱ򣬽ɱˣֻҪһȻҲкܴʱ򣬳һɱ˱ˣԼ
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ڽ״̬ʮն£ǰҪ̫ǿ
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Ҷ֪΢΢ͷѾ֪ͨˣҪȥ
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ҶһҶ֪ȻЦһ㲻ףǾǣΪʲôҪһҶңҶƺȱôһˣ˵أ
Ҷ֪΢΢ҡͷˡ
˵ţߵһ£˿еĻƹϣȣ֮䣬ȵĲǵ̣һΪһҵδĵۼңһ߲ΪԭǲŻᱻżȻбһЩԭ򡣵ǣҪԭΪ˾ûδˡǿǿ
Ҷô˵Ҷû㣬ҲΣգ𣿡
Ҷ֪һ֮䣬ٻ֣Ϊ֮ڡǣɱ⡣ˣ֮תƵһϡʹǿϼңǲϱ࣬ϼҲţ֮ʵǿΪһЩ䣬һȡġ
⣬Ҷˣ
ΪҪԿ壬ôһһ򣬲һȻȸ֮䶼ͬ
Ͼ滹һ壬ֻ̫˻壬ȻʲôҲûУ
һǵĿƷΧøԵļԪˣ
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ֻҶǲҶˣѾôҪˣ
ȻҶҿҶˣٺòˡǣҲûϵȥҶң൱ҶҶһţΧң

ҶĬãȻ߰ɣ
Ҷ֪Ҷ˼˵ͷȻҶ뿪;ӡ
뿪;Ӻ󣬳⣬ϱȻûǰȴǴҶҶ֪
̵λСؼˣҪŻս硣λ
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ݣ
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Ҷ֪ûǳս磡
˵ţһҶҲ˽ȥܿ죬ʧԭء
ս⡣
һƶ֮УҶҶ֪ƾճ֡
ҶɨһܣȻûзսĴڣӦ˵ܲսĴڡ
֪ҶɻҶ֪͵ս磬ֻ˲ſɽȥƽʱ״̬һǿûеõ£ҲǿнȥŷǴսڵҪҪֻͷһŲʮö羧ÿγţһųһŽȥ
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Ҷ֪һҶȻϼУΪǵӮսܶȨ͡
ҶЦҵýűˣ
Ҷ֪û˵Զȥ
Ҷʼ磬Ȼȥ
ƶ֮УҶУԲԶҶ֪
·ϣҶ֪ͻȻһΣֻһ̣ҶҼ㲻üκˣҲҪκˡ
֮أҶʡ
Ҷ֪Ȼ뿪ս硣ԺԺԺ˵أ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷã
Ҷ֪ڣѾʼע㣬رңһҶңζҶ֮ˡǱضҶңʱʲôܣһᴦá
Ҷԥ£ȻҶҴʲô鷳ɣ鷳ҿԼ
Ҷ֪ҡͷ޷ǾǴˮսҪҲλӡ
ҶҲ̫ϲ鷳ˡ
Ҷ֪˵ͷȻǵʱҪܵĻ򣡡
Ҷ
˼ӿٶȣܿ죬˽Ͻ磬սϽ磬һ߱ǳ˵ǰһǿߣ
߶Ҷ֪΢΢һ񣬡С㣬һ˻ȥͿˣ
ԣһԵҶһۻߣû˵ԷȻ˵
Ҷ֪ü΢ʲô˼
ԥ£ȻҼѾҶˣ
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߿ЦЦȻС㣬˵ˣҶûҪΪһһ˶ңֵá
Ҷ֪һۻߣȻҶߣ
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Ҷ֪ͻȻҶĻ˵ˣҶ
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2496 
һ̣ߣҶԭˣ

Ҷ˺һᣬȻ֪⣬԰⣿
Ҷ֪һҶԣ
Ҷ
С㣡
һԣǻҪ˵ʲôҶ֪ȴ˰֣塣
˵꣬Ҷֱ֪ǻߣҶʧ˲Զ߾ͷ
ԭأҡͷһ̾
СʲôãΨһõľʱ̫Եˣ

˵ɰ
ǰλСҪôĿԣ
ٴһ̾Ȼæȥ

ããƶ֮УҶҶ֪ԣҶʵûбҪΪҶ֮˷ìܣҡ
Ҷ֪һҶҶĻȫΪ㣡
ΪΣҶЩ⡣
Ҷ֪Ҵؼҵ飬սڣһЩ֪ˡʱҶΪҵĵѡ㣬ôҶңҶЩ֧ôң
˵⣬̧ͷԶʾͷҸףˡ
ʵҪһû˵֮ôΪҶһЩ飬ҶʵҶҵ֪Ķࡣô˵ϱ࣬ûаսʤҶ
Ҷǽޣ
һ罣ޣһǽ˫ޡ
ʱͿɱ磬ڣҶѾ磬ʵֻΣ
Ҷ֪ղ֮ԣǲ֮٣Ѿ˸档ҶңǣȴƣҶȴһפ
׬ģ׬ģ
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ҶһĽ֮Уһٳ磬˵һ壬˵һǡ
ڳſڣѾڵȺ
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ʱǺ˶Ҷ֪΢΢һ
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ڱ𣿡˵
Ҷ֪תˣҶڱҡȻǰҵҶμҪҳе帴˴ΣԣҽܡڣҪȨҪȨ
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Ҷ֪Ҿõˣ
ƽǼϲֻվڶҶһ֮ԳΪ㲻һ³çˣ뿴ΪΪһּ˽ӶҪԼĸףϧΪС
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ҶұߣŵһߣҶһϣҶҾԵĺ
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У
ҶҡͷݻδҶˣ
Ҷ֪˵ǣǣ
ҶڲǼ
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Ҷ֪Ȼżɽɣҿʲôˡ
ʱҵЦҶС㣬Ҷ֮ǰͺѺãϣܹһֱôѺȥңҼѾŵδ붫½֮䣬վң
⣬Ҷ֪ˡ
붫½ҲʲôУǣȴףվҶߣʣмôġ
Ҫ֪ϼ֮ǰҵǱɽۻġ
ʱҳЦҶˣɱҶǿߣ£ڴҶأǲʲô˵ȥҶΪҵѣһվߣ𣿡
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˵ţҶ֪ǺˣܳϾأ
˳Ĭ
ʱҶվ˳ҾĲԣ
˶Ҷ
ǺҲҶ
ҶҶҿû㣡
ҶߵҶ֪ԣЦûңҾͲ˵𣿡
˵ţɨһܣΪ棬ԼˣҶңңһܳˡرǶЩûʲôλûʲôݣûʲô츳ĵӡλУֵӣʵǷҲǳ԰׷ģɶԣ
˵⣬Ҷ֪Цˣ㣬֪ˡֱԣûΪһЩ飬һΪҶԿ㸸ףԿ壬Կ𣿡
Ҷ֪ҶĬ
ҶЦȻôҲ˵дϾǡ
˵⣬Ҷ΢ƣЦЩ䣬˵ģĿǡ棬Уһж󣬱Լ˵Ҫ˶˵ʲôˣܶĻѪԵףΪ츳УʵУǣЩƶУǵͲֵǮ𣿲ԣӦ˵飬һȫƾ츳츳Ͷаû츳ĵλڼ֮лһ
Ҷ俴Ҷ£
ܿ죬ǿͻȻҶԶ
Ҷ֪˵ʲôͻȻ֮䣬һڳ쳹
һɽڳһһ̣ҶһҶҳԴֱӷ˳ȥ
һ̣̣ͬ
Ҷ˫ֲţ


2497 ȥ
˲ɱǿߣ
˾ĿҶǰλֻӣȻһɱһλǿߣ
ǿǿ߰
һλǿ߱һλɱˣ
λǿԴȻԷȴڹؼʱӳ塣
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쵽ûзӦ
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췽ҹ̷
ȻǰʵǰĿɱ磬һɱ
֮УҶߵҶǰһû˵ꡣ
˵⣬ԶǺˣΪҶˣ˵仰Ӧÿ԰ɣ
˳ĬƬ̣Ȼԣ
ԣһԵҳɫʱޱѿ
ǰλ仰ǳҶҶ˵ݣ
ȻҲ˵Ҷңңԥĳϣ
նɱ磬Ǻεȵһһλޣ
һһλػǺεȵĿ£
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Ҷɨһܣܵ˶ڿЩ˵Ŀ֮ǰʱĿ⣬ѾȻͬ
뵽ʲôҶҡҡͷ˵ʲôˡҶҶˣҲҶˡ
˵⣬Ҷ֪֪ΣҪ˵һллһ仰ܵԼ˹ĺһ㣬ЩƽһЩ
˵꣬תȥ
ܣߵſʱתͷһҳϣҶǹŽڵӣҪʱŽң

ʱһЦͻȻԶ𣬽ţһʳ֣ܿ죬һ߳ԶϿա
ޣ
߿һҶŵҶ
Ҷͷ
ߵϷ˹ŽڴϣǳǸڣҶʽΪҹŽ洫ӡκˣκǿ߸˽Զ֣ҹŽΪУʹ㱻ɱҹŽҲ񱨸
Ǹҳġ
ʱҶ֪ǺͻȻ䳤ϣȥɡҼҶҶˣҶҶһ鸺ҶҶҺӵܣλ֪֪ͬ
䳤ϳĬƬ̣Ȼתȥ
УǹŽڴЦҶСӣ߰ɣ
ȥ
ʱǺ˳ǴǰҶӵܣȻӦҶҡ
ŽڴϿһǺˣҶе㲻Ҫˣ֮ǰ˼һ˽ӣǷ֧ģң顣ڣ˼츳ֳҶˡƤôôأ
˵ϣʵҶҵѪҶˡ
ŽڴϵҹŽ洫ӣ
ҶҺӵܣ˲ʾ
УѾš
ʱҶ֪վ˳ǹŽڵӣҶˣⲢìܣ
ìܣ
ԣŽڴüͷ΢΢֮УҲ˼ŽѧȷʵìܣϾǺƽʱڣŽڸ뼸֮䷢ʲô顣
Ҫ֪ǻһ壡
˼Ƭ̣ǹŽڴϿҶСô
ҶЦǹŽ洫ӡ
ԣŽڴ΢΢ͷͺãȻҲҶˣҹŽڲûǿԵҪ󣬼ʹУҲΪ

ȷҶҶ֪ҶҺ󣬹ŽھˡΪսڷһЩ飬ŽҲ֪ġ
յλŵӣĻҪ
ܷŹ
УŽڴϵһعŽڣ
ҶҪӦʱһԵҶ֪ͻȻûս磡
ս磡
ŽڴϳƬ̣Ȼ˵ͷ⵹ǣ
ҶҶ֪Ϊʲô
Ҷֻ֪ޣǲȥء
Ҷüͷأ
ڵѾս磬ֻعŽڣһı塣
Ҷ˵ʲôҶ֪ͻȻսزΥȻ㼫пܱսˣпǻҪŽڽ롣Ǹطκͽͳġʹϼҵϱ࣬ҲĹءʱñķڣһȥ
УҶһҶ֪Ҷ֪ɫ棬ûڸЦ
ҶЩ˵ͷ
ڵѾΪŽ洫ӣһʱ
ŽڴһŽɫҶȥҶҲڳһרסլˣҶһһöɽ䣬ɽ֮Уһöڵһʮö羧
Ҷ֪˵Ǻĵӵĸһ
ܷ
ҶҲܾյ¡գҶҷ£ҶҸˣ
뿪ǰһ죬ҶҶ֪ҶҺɽһɽǰɽڲԶһߣ߱ˡ
Ҷ֪΢΢һȻҶҶ棬뿴㣡
ң
ҶԶߣʱͻȻĵӺܻ񣬻ʵѹԼľ磡
ѹƾ磡
Ҷ˵ͷǣ
ߵ֮ǰڴ˵彫濴ĸһУǴ𣿡
ҶҡͷҿǴģǣڱ˿ǶԵġ
ΪξǴģʡ
Ҷһ壬ʲô濼ǣͻȱ飬û飬һڲǱģʲôԺСҪǣ£ˣΪǰȥȻôҲкôģü屣ַ٣ǣּ壬̫䡣ңҶûйУ˵ǲҶ˶Ҫ
Ҷ֪һҶû˵
߳ĬãȻ̹ס֪ᣬ岻һЩˣҶδΪʲô
Ҷ־ҶңҲڹŽڣ
ߵҪҶŽڣҶŽڣõһЩεıӻȻһ֮ϵǿɱ㡣
ҶĬԣҪɱڵʵܹסҵķ׷ɱ
ʱֵԼ֮λûȤҶ˵һ¡ҪĲ࣬ڹؼʱվ֪߾㹻ˡΪر֪еԴ㶼СŽǱߣҲ˼һ壬һػߡŽҪҶҲҪ㣬ʺϣ
ҶĬûоܾҲûдӦ
Ҫ֪ҶҶ
Ҳû˵ʲôѾȥ
ʱҶ֪ͻȻսˣǵ̻ս磡


2498 ôȥ
ս£
Ҷʲô£
Ҷ֪ս£սǳˡսǱˣ
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壿Ҷʡ
Ҷ֪ͷսѾʼټսڵʿسǣҲϻȥ
ƻΣҶʡ
Ҷ֪˻˻ᱻūۣ
治ܣҶʡ
Ҷֻ֪Ҫǹ֮ڣͲܡ磬ƳǵĴ֮µĴһֻܹսûˣսڣһʵģǹҼң
˵꣬תȥ
ԭأҶתͷһսķ
пᣡ
ò˵սķʽЩпģҲпᣬǰ㰲ݵĻʲôԿ壿
սһѡ
ȿûˣ
ңֻ滹ָıأ
Ҷڡ
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ҶҶ˽ӣ
Ҷ֪ڻҪ𣿡
ҶҡͷһЦȷʵҪˡڣҶҼˡϲ
Ҷ֪תȥߵſڣͻȻͣ˵ûڣֻû顣չֳǿ츳ԲὫĸ׽ӻҶң𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ͷĬ
Ҷ֪ǷһĨȻ뿪˴֮С
ܿ죬ҶҶ֪뿪Ҷҡ
ڣȵĸ֪һ֣Ҷ
ն磡
˵ҶҶ˲½
ҶҶ֪صս磬սʱսѾƣڳڣһȺȺڣѾȺռ죡ĸԴҲռУ
⣬ҶҶ֪һۣ˶û뵽ֻ뿪һᣬսȻ͸ˣ
ʱһŮӳԣˣϱࡣ
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ҶɨһܣȻīûһ𣿡
Ѧʳܱڳˣ
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Ѧʵ˵ͷͻȻƳʱûһ𣬵ӳʱĴûҵȻ˵ڳУ
ڳУ
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嶯
ϱҶ֣ǳѾռ죬ȥǳΣա
ʱһӳϱԣӶϱҶ֪˵ͷȻ˵û岻򵥣رǽҹӣʵǳ֮ǰ֮ǰֶû
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ϱ˵ͷˡīƣû֪ͨ½
īƵӵ˵ͷ֪ͨˡڣѾڸϻ;Уʱɴﵽ
ϱ΢΢ͷҪ˵ʲôʱһͻȻԶܿ죬ӳϱǰ
ɫЩѿ
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Ҷ֪ϱæҶǰŮҪ˵ҶλīŹ˵أҲǣǣ˵Ѱɣͬһڣһ·ѹȣҸоеȥԣҵȥһˡ
˵꣬ҶֱʧԶ
Զ½Ѧһۣһ̣ͬʱʧԶʡ
սǷ
ԭأϱעԶǰ֪ʲô
ܿ죬ҶսǳſڣҪǣͻȻתȥܿ죬ǰ½Ѧʡ
Ҷ룬ȻӦң
˻˵ʲôҶȴֱӵĽȥ
˵ֱ꣬ƾʧѦæʶɨһܣȻδҶټ
һۣк𾪣

ҶϢĽ˳Уڣ洦ɼǿߵʬ塣ЩˣǴǧһѡģȻ
Щʬ壬ҶʼЩΪӮˡ
󣬵ʱսܹЩˣЩǺεȵǿ
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ڽ£һ·ϵЩûзʶɨ£ܿ죬īš
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Ҷսⷿ䣬ī˲Ҷʱīɫ΢ɣȻ㣬ô㣡
ҶһīŵĸȻһצץһǳצۣѪ
Ҷߵīǰ£
īſһҶȻ
Ҷַ˿ڴܿ죬ӿīڣһᣬīŸ˿ڱѸٻָˡ
ָٶȣֱӽīžˣ
ҶջʱŻعȻҶ⣬ʲôȻ˿ֲ
Ҷûлش⣬ǵϢһ£뿪
˵ţָһ㣬һö羧īŵǰ
īſһö羧Ȼҵģ
ҶȻΪģ
īųΪʲô
ҶҡҡͷҾͱЩɿĶˣϽһ£ָ뿪ġ
īſһҶû˵ʲôʼö羧羧īڵѾ׻ָ
Ҷ߰ɣ
ôߣīŴ㵵
ҶʣȻôߣ
Ȼǿ԰ī͵ڵģǣڣֻ׵˽ȥǲīţЩ飬СЩΪá
ڵݣɲܱع⣡
Ȼ壬ɶģһɱ
īһ£Ȼôȥ
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ϧǵ̫ˣգ۾Ѿǡ
ǣʱһֻ޴ȭͷͻȻһȭǵϣֱӽǵսǣ


2499 ˣˣ
ս֮УҶͣ˿Уīţһء
ҶĶ棬һӣӳֻһɫ㣬˿ر׳
Ȼǰλɲˣһλ
ӿһҶȻ˼һμ˹ǣô𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦֻѳǣô򵥣
ǣ
ЦǾ͵ÿûˡ
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˵ţīţߣ
ī㶣һܣҪ˵Ҷֵߣ
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Ҷֵ߰ɣ
īԥ£Ȼ˵ͷţôųųڴȥ
Ҷ棬˫΢Уһӣʱһͷֱӳīų˹ȥ
ͷīһգһʱУҪ֣ʱһɽһ
ͣ
īǰͷͷ­ֱӷ˳ȥ
ѪȪǺˣ
һĻõóдסˡ
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ΧţдĿ¶׹⣬ǰҡ߳սԣһܴ裡
ӿҶͻȻ֣ɲǼ䣬ͷĽһԾīų˹ȥ
ͬʱ˸ֱӳҶȥһǿѹ˲סҶ
ǣһڳһֱӵɶһɣɣѾս֮⣡īǰͷͷ廹ڳīţԴȴѾڡ
ûͷͷīţѪһ·Ʈ
һĻΪ֮
УڴûǼͷԴôɳȥģ
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ӣΧЩ׷װȥ
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ӿһҶǿ֮УҶҶ֪ϼϱ࣬½½Žڹһɢޣ㣬⼸ˡ
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ӳǰ̤һһ̤һ̣ս·𶼲һ£һ̣һǿĴѹԶϯ
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Ҷ棬ĨĨԼĺϣȻûѪȴۣ
Ĭһ˲ͻȻҶ˹ȥʱҶָһ㣬һö޴ӡֱǶӣ
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䣡
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ܿ죬öӡֻصǰ
֮ͬʱҶʧԭء
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ҶûһΣԼѪ֮Ѫ֮ļӳ£һΡ
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ըǶֱӱɳս֮⣬ڼ䣬ԳеЩٶȼ죬Ƕϡ
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ҶչֳʵȻǿޱȣȻЩҶīžôȥҶ˾ôˣôţ
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īԣҶ΢ƣһĨ仡ȣһ̣ҶνһնһնֱնǶӵȭͷ֮ϣȭഥΧռʱҲţΧĿռֱӹѿ
ҶǶһ˭Ҳû˰벽
˽ţ
ǣΧĿռǲ·ʱҪһ㣡
ҶĿԣͻȻҶҽ͵һš
ͣ
ҶеĽֱпǶӵȭͷڸпһ˲䣬Ƕӱջ֣ȻֱӳҶײ˹ȥ
ײ
ǰλǴҶȻȥ֮ƴڶԷײһ˲䣬һֱӶһײͬʱ֮еɽն
ͣ
ɽֱǶѪۣ
ǣ
Ҷ˽ɨһܣ˿̣ЩǶӶڿЩĿ֮У׹⣬ɱ⣡
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ΪС϶ѾԵʣСǣ壬һֱûʲôеģˣȥɱ޻ȡڵʲôġ
ǣԣҪɱɱˣҪɱɱ
ΧЩû˵ǵϢȴɢȻסҶīţ
ȻѾˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻսȥˣˡҪ棬ҾǺú棡


2500 £
ҶŽսȥǰԶǶӣ
ҶĿ䴦Ƕӡ
˿̣ǶҶҶǰʮʱͻȻҽ͵һ塣
䣡
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Уͷ̫ħע·Ҷ࣬Ƴҵ
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У̫ħС㡭
ȻСȴǸûϻֱӳͷ̫ħǳ˹ȥ
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Ŀ֮УСһײֱӽͷ̫ħײĵ˳ȥȻδСǳβһɨֱӽ̫ħ˦ǧ֮⣡
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ͷڿдս
СȻĽ磬Ǳ̫ħǣ˿ѹ̫ħǡСҪ̫ħǿ࣡
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ҶһīţȻҵѣ
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īſ̫ǾԲѵģ
УСѾ̫ħѹƣսʤֻʱ⣡
Ľս磡
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СͱСصҶԡ
оΣҶʡ
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˵ֱ꣬ӽ˺

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Ѿ
СһǱСҪֲİ⣬ͷ̫ħǹƻᱻ
ҶһԶѾָε̫ħǣȻ壬Ҫ𣿡
̫ħҶǣһĨѪ
ȻҪ棬ǾͺúɣʱһͻȻһԳǽ֮ϴ
Ҷתͷǽ֮ϣ֪ʱһͷ˫ǵӡ
ģͷ˫ǣһīɫۣ˫ֲС
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Χڿռһըѣ
Ҫٴγ֣ʱҶͻȻʧüͷ΢壬̧־һȭ

ò˵ǰӵ˵˿ڶѾҶѾӶԴĻѾӮ滹ǸһЩҪ֪ѾļµģǰӵֻǺֲܿûеļ¡ȻԷûлָ壬ǣѾҲб尡
ң֪ѾǸʲôжֲ
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ҶɶҲǵɶһɣֱӷɵս֮У֮Ŀռ䣬ֱӱ˺ѷ
һν棬ʤ
У̧ͣͷҶоõûоȫڹ˼ʲôھûʸȫ
ȫ
ҶĨĨǵѪ죬ҳȫҰս⡣


2501 ɱ
ҶĻӿһҶ𣿡
Ҷǳ˳ҽһ㡣
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˻һĨ⼤
Ҷʧһ˲ͻȻ֣һֻ̽˳ȥȻһգһգֱסҶĽ⡣
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ֱӵ֣ӵؿڣǣһȴ̲ȥ
ӵӲסһ
Ҷת佣ƣһֱӿӵĲϡ

һҶеĽһء
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ɽأ
ûн⣬ûн⣬ǣдٶ
Ҳǿ
ʱҶĽ΢΢һɲǼ䣬ֱӷɻص˽֮С
ԶӿһҶĽܶ࣡
Ҷ˦˦̧֣ͷһܣܣܲκϢⲻûˣζţԷʵԶ֮ϵǿߣ
ʩչͼƬǰ˱ضָ壬ˣеҲп֣ܳ
ʱɱǰˣҲ߲
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ˣҶһӣͼƾն֣Ҷҡ߶ͼƬʱⲻԶʣٵϢͻȻ
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˵ţϱ˾ҪȥʱԶͻȻָҶˣߣ㣬У
ԣϱɫʱ
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2502 ɣ
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Ҷ㶣ȻϱҶ֪


2503 ʲ
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2504 ɱ
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ձߵöɽ䣬ҲѾҶĿڴ֮У棬ǧ߰ö羧ǧöԼģʣµ߰öӦþձԼġ
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2505 ȴ˵
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Ҷǰֱӱѩɫ˳ȥȻǸȴͬƹ֮ԼٶȳǺ˵ǰ
У̺һɼԵ
˳һСֳǰ΢΢һһڵСƶʱ֮У
飡
һըҶ֪ǸֱӱƵ˻ʱǺͻȻöơ
ͣ
Ƹת·Ҫ˺һ㣡
ҶҪ֣ȴǱϱֹϱ
Ҷԥ£Ȼ˵ͷҶ֪ʱҶ֪ͻȻԾ𣬶УǸɫһ缤
ͣ
˺ѳգЯһĻ⳯Ǻ˼ȥ
ʱڵĶٴγ֣ӭ籩ǣʱѷŴʮңһΣƲδסǸɫޣ޳ֱ룬ֱӽƻɣȻǺϡ
飡
ֱӷ˳ȥȻδҶ֪һ裬һĶߣ̼䶴Ǻ˵ؿڣ
Ǻȴһ˲ʧӰ٣
Ҷ֪ɫ䣬ͻȻɿ˫֣һ̣һɽϯ
䣡
һӰֱӵ˳ȥǺˣ
Ҷ֪Ҫ֣ʱһεѹͻȻܣţΧĿռͻȻŨ
ҶɨһܣǴЦ
е˲ûڳֹ֣Ҷ֪󣬶Էͣţһɫ۵ӳ˵ǰ
Ӷ΢΢ͷԭҶҴС㣬ϼҴС㣬λҶ֣Ԫĸˣ
ϱ൭¾׻ˣ
Ԫ΢΢ҡͷֻһССĸˣ
ϱ࿴˶ԷһۣȻô
ԪЦȥѾ塣£֯˼⣬֯λλȥ
ҶɽǲҪ𣿡
ԪһҶȻЦԭҪģҼ˵ˣȻҶ֣Ǿ͵͸Ҷˣ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ʶң
ԪЦҾͲ֪ˡ
Ҷû˵ʲôϱŮ߰ɣ
Ů΢΢ͷ뿪ֵԪδ
Ҷ뿪Ԫ΢΢ȻתĳϣһγԵе󰡣
ȻأһڵĽֽǴ
Ԫֹ
ʱǵֵߣǿﶼըˡ
Ԫüͷ΢壬Ǹң
λС˼һЩ˵ȻǣǣҲԼеСǣһλɾͲһˡǲЩģû֣
Ԫüͷĸˣʶ
ĬãȻʶǺܾ֮ǰˣ

Ҷ뿪󣬲û뿪սǣһĴ֮С
УҶָһ㣬öɽŮǰ
Ůһɽ䣬д󾪣Ϊɽ֮Уֱһǧö羧
ŮĿҶҶЦѾöԴ絤˵׬ˡһֽǮֳģҲ׬㣡
ʱϱָһ㣬еɽҶǰһǧö֪һö͹ˡ֮æҪĻǻʲôѣûǵѣ
ԣҶҡͷһЦҲûڼ֣ջöɽ䡣Ҷɽ䣬ŮɫźÿһЩ
ҶɨһܣȻҪ
ϱ΢΢ͷս֮Уһ˵սõĵطңǵһЩҵʧȥЩҵ
ҶĬ
ʱҶ֪ͻȻб뷨
Ҷ΢΢ͷ˵һЩ㲻ɣ
ϱЦÿ˵ʲôˡ
ҶЦˡֱԣǵľ磬ˮֻеġ
ŮĬ
Ů˵۷壬Ӧ˵ǰ벽ǣҶˮеġ
˵ϱ
Ǳ˵⻰ǿ϶ǲģǣҶ˵ģǲòҶֻ磬ǣʵһ㶼
Ҷ룬ȻҪ˵̣Ҹ˶ԣǱضǷ̫̫ĵرЩĵرûģҲãǣãǾ൱ˡóгӦѾ֪еϵȻҲѹԼˣ
ŮҶġ
Ҷֵҵһ룬ϱһ壬¶ż壬ⱾҲû⣬Ҹ˾ã²ɹ̫ڿؼ壬»ηηţòʧǾأ
ŮĬúϱ˵ղǵ½׻飿
ʱǲֵģΪǲȥΪһЩ鷳
ҶҲ˵ͷ˵ǣǣǲΪҲΪġ෴ֻǻĺãǼŻáΣǶԵģǣӦĳЩΪһεԼıԣԼģͺñһֻϻǱģʹϻԣǣȴɽҰϻı¡ɢûĵرǣɳɢޣսǳĿ£

Ҷ֮ǰŮһ
θУûдǣΣηηţǾ͵ԼԼԼĵŪһ
ͺñȣָʱǸʱȴ룺Լ֣᲻ᱻԷ򣿻᲻ᱻԼĸ᲻򲻹
ߣһʱûʼȴѾ룺һʧأʧܺô죿ҡ
ܶʱһַ񶨣ҷ񶨣
ͻԼģκǰĺܼ򵥣
񵱳ҶڽʱʱһۣǣȴΪŵӣڵʱ۵Уڳ˵Σ
ôȥЩ۵ӻѾ˼䣬Ҷţ
ҶĶΪңҾ͸Ҵ㣬ڴĹǴ򲻹ôأȴ˵
ǾϻҪгͷ죡
Ҷ˵Ƿǽ˺ڵĵ֮СȴͻƵ磡


2506 
ڣ̨ϣҶд˹
ָһ㣬öԴ絤Сȴǰ
ҶҶԴ絤˵ܹͻﵽ磬ȻܲͻƣȫԼ
һۣܿ죬ԼǰԴ絤Ȼתȥ
ܿ죬Сţ˻ߵҶǰȻССס
ҶЦܿͻˣ
Сţ΢΢ͷȻתȥ
ȥҶǷһĨЦݣܿ죬ͻһȺ
һᣬҶ뿪˺֮УŮڡ
ҶһŮȻ뿪ɣ
ڸղţѾܵ˺üʶɨȻ׷ǿߡ
Ů˵ͷȻ뿪սǣţһƬɽ
ȻƬɽʱеȴ޼
һĻϱŮüͷʱ
ô£ϱ࿴ҵ½ҵ½
½뿪ˣ
ϱҡͷܣˣûм
˵ţʲôԭ򣿡
һ۲ԶҶȻ֮ǰһ½Ǻ䣬䲻ȣԣ뿪ˣ
䣡ϱüͷĸˣʲô䣿
˾óд󲿷ԴУǰǴУӦҪȡ꣬Ȼ̫ˡž
⣬ϱˡ
ҡͷһ̾
ϱߵһԣҶ֪ҲĬ
Ҷһ۳Уֻʣ²ʮˣʮˣڳвҵĴڣ˵صУǲܹӵ棡
ǣʣµЩأЩڳûвҵɢޣ
˶˽ĵģЩ˿ƴɱȥȴΪ£飬ǾԲģ
ҶĬƬ̣ȻߵҶ֪ϱǰˡֱԣһ壬ȻҲһ壬ǣ֮УС塣ֻܹЩСһ𡭡ֱһ㣬ûʱȥƴˡ
ʵѾһЩЩŽһ£֮еһƴģǣЩŽһ𣬾ͱ棡
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湻ˣЩ˲Żƴģ
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ϱ̧ͷԶսǵķ򣬹ãҡͷһЦǻزȥˣ
زȥˣ
ǸսǣλҹѾĴͳΣ壬ֻһ£ҪǣҲֻֻһ
ȻߣһжΪģңû˭ܹڣĸԸĸ棡
ãϱҡҡͷȻҶ㲻Ҫ뿪𣿡
˵ţָһ㣬öɫҶǰ
ͷ
ϱЦ֮ǰóǴսǣڣûҪˡȥɣ
Ҷأ
ϱɨһܣȻʵ֪Ȼս֮ӵҵǣ˵սһòԴǲͬУֻĴӴܣңûսǵٶȻ½ģ
Ҷԥ£ջû˵ʲô飬Ĳ֡
ΪⱾ˼ڲ飡
ҶöȻҪϵңֻҪһȣض
˵꣬īһöɫֱʧ˳С
Ҷ뿪֮Ҷ֪ϱһۣϱ𣿡
Ҷ֪Ĭ
ϱҲ֮Ĭ

Ҷ뿪ս󣬲ûǰŽڣһطȻ˺ڡ
УҶ˽ںɽСĵ̣˿̣СſڵϣһɵĽɫâˣϢǿнͷ
һĻҶ΢΢һЦȻת뿪ţǻԪǰԪϣʮŻԪûг׳졣
ûСףǵĳ࣡
ҶҪ߽ŻԪͻȻͷųǿѹҶˣ
һĻҶ΢΢һ㶣ȻŭŲСװǶȥ
ŻԪȻŭһɹǿϢ𵴶ʱҶͻȻһϣģסҵĵطҵģҵģʲôӵ͵һ㣬Ȼһǵգ
˵ţһǿĽֱסŻԪ
ĺܣСף˭Ӷ
Σ
ҶЩˣŻԪû໥ǿѹͻȻסҶţһҡڣ
䣡
Ҷ˲䱻㽫ɵľ룡
⣬ҶסˡĸҶְ
ҶҪʱǺͻȻǰתڱʲô
ҶȻöָǿ˵ģȶҶֵģ
΢΢ţ˼˲С˹֮˼
ҶһȻСҸӣ
˵ţŻԪҸǣҸСӣңҲǼƽϣȻȻǣ
˵꣬תȥ
ȥһ˲䣬Ҷ̲סһʵõеˣղһһ㶼ǿ߰
ô̬
ֻңûгɳģ
ˣˣ
Ҷҡͷ뿪ŻԪĵ̣
Ҷ뿪֮ǺͻȻƮŻԪǰںŻԪȻܣʼڸŻԪ˼׼
ŵ˼ǣǸһﲻǣҪ͵һ㣬ȻԺС׻ǵġ
ϧŻԪȥ˵һֻƾܣ
ǵıУֻСף

Ҷ뿪ŻԪĵ̡⼸ҶȻҪտһµģҲСʱģ
ɲϣС׻⼸ģȻС׿϶ĵġ
Ҷǿǰֻаߣīɫȫīɫ棬īɫĹӣ
ûгй
ʱǿͻȻţһīɫƮҶīɫסҶõҶʱȫůģ
ǳǳ
Ҷһͷ
ʱͻȻһţһīɫ֦ѾƮҶǸīɫ֦ѾҶǰţһīɫҺʱӿҶڣ
Ҷ̲סһ̫ˣ
һᣬǸīɫ֦ѾҶֺ֮⣬Ѿǳǳˣ
ҶߵǰȻĨɫܺãϵǰ;С׻һǰԼ䣡
ԣˣ
Ҷûз֣ΧһƬûκʵĴռ䡣
ϴ֮
ϴʣϴʣ
У
ļ֮һ


2507 úõģ
ǻȻҪŻԪ
Ϊֺ֪Ҷ֮ԻֺҶΪǳǰʵ
棬ҶС
ԪֺСףҲᣬǣԪֺҶΪڻԪı֮УҶûаǣȴôΪ
ΪֺҶֺСף
Ǿ磬Ǽ
ļȻҪڻԪ
Ҷ뿪֮ǰһѽ羧棬ЩǺаģ
뿪ȥСţȴǶû⣬뿪
⣬ҶɨһܣȻһ뿪ԭء
ƶ֮УҶУããʣһĻۣۣ
ϣҶ˫΢գ˼Ʈ⣡
ߴ½ߵ̫̫࣬Ȼ棬ǾԼʶ̫̫ˣ
ߣĵۣǸʲôǸʲôάռĴڡЩǳĿǰ֪ģ
棬ȴãȻģ
һ⣬Ҫʲô̶Ȳյ㣿
˵ûյ㣿
а㣬ȥ˺δڤĴںδأ
ãҶһ΢ƣúõģ
£ٶȼӿ졣
һʱҶ˹Žڣ
յһ߱ǳǰǹŽųϣ
Ҷ΢΢һû˵
ϴһҶȻսһЩҲ˵ˣְ½ǣ
ҶЦһŵģӦðæ
΢΢ͷô룬ܺáڣѾ洫ӣȥﱨɣ
Ҷ΢΢һȻתȥ
ϿһҶıӰɫЩӣţĹţ˵һĺ£
Ȼֱǰλ꣬־ڹŽڣ

Ҷһºһ乬ǰڹſڣ
סһ۵꽣ޣ꽣޴һҶȻˣ£
Ҷ˱ȭҶǰݼϣͨһ£
Ҷ
꽣޾ȵҶ
Ҷ죬ʶң
꽣޴һҶ΢΢ͷսһЩ飬Եһ£ڱչأȥͨһ£
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꽣΢΢ͷȻתȥ
ҶɨһܣȻܹܵı𣿡
ĬƬ̣ܹԼܵȷǱʲôˡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ̧ͷһԶһΣĿľǽı壬ֻҪҵı壬ͻ뿪
ϣһ˳
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Ҷ΢΢ͷȻ˴֮УԵЩտ·ûκӣңй߰һεѹȸС
ûãһ߳ҶǰǵȥҶĹŽڴϣ
ҶǴ΢΢һ񣬡ϣ
ϴһҶΪڻ
ҶսսǱƣʿĴӴܣоûʲôãԣ޽
΢΢ҡͷǾûʲôˣ𣿡
Ҷ
ָһ㣬һŽɫֽҶǰ棬¼սһЩ飬аնɱǿߵ飡
Ȼͼڵ飬涼ûУ
ҶĬ
ϵǽޣǰδ㣡ҹŽڵûв鵽Ӧ˵ֻ鵽Ҷҵĳ˽ӡҶƺҲˣǣǿ֮
ҶϣȻΪ˭أ
ֱҶҲ֪ģ
ҶЦҾҶҵһλ˽ӣҵݡ
ϿҶû˵
ҶתͷɨһۣȻϣλǿߣλиǿġڰУҲ²£Ҷ֣
ֻ˻ӣʱеЩȫʧ
֧Щ֮󣬴ϿҶɫΪӣСӣһɢ޽ޣܹߵزĲ츳־ǽġǿصģΪ츳ʲôģںܶʱûǿ־󡣵ǣǹŽڴӹ񣬴꣬ʵڲҡ
ҶЦŽڲңҿ뿪
ԣǴ϶ʱ˫΢ҶҲû˵ʲôתߣ
ʱǾԲֵܱҪڹŽڣԽʾԷԽΪ⡣෴ԽҪ뿪ԷͿԽҪ£
ȻߵſʱǴͻȻˣھҹŽڵ洫ˡ
ҶϣЦվüģ
˵ָ꣬һ㣬һöƳҶǰ
֮ϣһССġ桱֡
洫ƣ
ҶƣʱֵڹŽڣȥط󣬽ڣȥǸط㲻ѡǣֻѡ㣬Ը㣬Ǿ컯֮⣬ѵҹŽڵĸ֮Щطкܴİ
Ҷʡ
ϿһҶȻһҹŽڵؾ棬ҹŽڵǰ֮ʱеĻὫԼĴȻĻǵһЩǹŽڴӲǿȡһԵ洫ӣд󹦵ĵӶԽȥᣬҲȥԣ
Ҷ˵ͷãʱȥԣ
ֵطƽʱûʲôƣǣһнٻصطȫϻأ򣬽ܵصĴмǣ
˵꣬תȥ
УҶһеƣȻתȥ
ȥ󣡡ͻȻ
ΪΣҶ⡣
ȥΪе죬ܿǵĻɣ
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷţŽķȥ
Ҷ뿪֮Ǵϳ˴ſڣעԶҶıӰĬ
֪ʱڴԣһ׷
ֻʮ꣬һͷѩͷûõϣΪѩףûһ˿ƣ෴һͷѩͷһζ
㻹ЩģͻȻ
ϵ˵ͷȻҶѾϣǣ츳ʵ̫Ѱˣңߵ񣬱ضԼĻ˵ҹŽΪʲôҲǲŵģ
ҡͷ̫ˣ
Ͽӳ֮ģЩĿģҲҰ֮ˣȻҲߵ̶ֳˡҹŽںúôպԴҹŽڣ飬ڣҹŽڲȲʡ
ϳĬãȻ΢΢ͷˡ
˵⣬û뵽Գ
̧ͷԶϣ򵥰


2508 ǿ̸̸
Ҷ˽洫ƺ˳Ľ˽
ܴ󣬷ǳĴһСǣⳬҶ󡣺ܿ죬֣ʵһĿռ䡣
ռ䣡
ҶɨһܣܰУһЩ޵Ϣ˵Щ
ңȻ٣ʮ⻹ֻܵģ
ҶЩľȻ˵Ķ࣡
ˣ
ʱͻȻҶ𣬡ЩǹŽڴ괫ģǵ̡
̣
Ҷ΢΢ͷЩˡ
һᣬҶ֣ûʲôѡõΪΣ
ɨһܣЩпС⣬ᱻС׸ߡ˵
ϧǸСһڲ֪Ǳεأ
ߣͻȻ
Ҷջ˼ǰܿ죬ٴ𣬡ұߣ
ҶתͷյʲôҲûУ
򣡡
Ҷ΢΢ͷʩչ򣬺ܿ죬ڽ£һ
һ͸Ľ
͸ǿɵĽһ㣡
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ʱǱҪӣҶæýѹסǱţָһ㣬һƽֱסǱϣǱȻҷ
ôӣ
Ҷ㶣Ȼӡֱӽѹסˣӡ
ʱһͻȻ𣬡ĪҪأ
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ԥ£Ҷջöӡȥ˽
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ûãͻȻ֮ǰǱ͸ĽֱӷɵҶǰȻһƽûҶü䣡
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⣿Ҷ㵡
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ҶڨЦЦȻ뿪˴ڣһ̾Ϣ
뿪ҶûǰǸʲôǻصԼסĵط֮УҶڵأ˺
УҶǱ˳
УǹŽһλϹǿһй֮ԵԾ͸˵ռ䣬ǲɿռ䲨ģ޼ѰĽڼĽΪɽնǿĪ⡣
Ҷ˵ͷȻһУǱʱĽ֮С
΢
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Ϣ
Ҷ΢ƣĺ˼ղһûн⣬ûй켣һϢûУǷǳֲİ
ڼϽǾ͸ֲˣ
ͻȻҶԣԶĽ򣬲ԣ㲻ý򣬶пɱһλǿߣٶȣɽѾﵽһĳ̶ȣٶﵽһ̶ʱЩǿʲô򣬻бʲôġ
˵ţҶҲҪסٶȴȳԽ㣬ĽҲûáΪԷп㽣δʩչʱɱ㣡
Ҷ˵ͷȻ׵ġңнҲκһˣ
һ򱻶ԷǿȥǺǷǳǳصģ
ϤһǱҶ뿪˺Ȼǰ
λڹŽںɽһƬȺɽɽ˵ǽ˵ǹŽڵĽĹ˹ŽڴӹǿߡЩǿڵ꣬һǳţ
Ϊһˣûʸ뽣ߵģ
δҶǷʶɨϣڶԷʶɨʱǷ׷ȥ
ȻԷϳݣ
洫ӣͱˣ
һᣬҶһڣںܴһţʮɣ
ſڣһߡ
Ҷһߣ΢΢һȻŶȥʱһͻȻҶǰܿ죬һᣬָҶ
ҶתͷһߣȻóԼ洫ơ
ȻǱȴһҲ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ٴοߣǰ洫ӣ
߷һҶû˵
һĻҶջĿ⣬νһն
ͣ
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ͣ
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Ҷɫ䣬΢Ľ֮Уһ
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Ҷǰһ貽ͻȻ𣬽ţһɶ
ԶһĨ죬е˼
ʱҶͻȻߵǰһ̣һն£
΢΢ҡͷ
£ͻȻһɲǼ䣬һͻȻҶܡ

ʱҶ𣬡ִǰ֡
ҶûлɽĻֱ־ٽ̳
ͣ
ҶһϵжܵЩʱʧӰ٣ˣ߸ǳɵľ룡
ôܣ
߾㵵ĿҶôƽҵ⡭
ȻֹΪҶѾǰţһֱն¡ͬʱҶ䣬ɽն
ûǱͷסȻֱӱɱˣ
ܿԣһҲԣǣɱˣǾе˵ȥˣңͷûɱ⣡
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һᣬƲˣڵʵΧǶý򡣡
ҶգգۣȻ˽ԶߣǰҾãǿԺú̸̸
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2509 磡
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2510 ڣڣ
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˿̣ѾĽ磬磡
Ľĸȫͬģ˵ڵҶӵһ֧ǿľţ
̨ϣҶһСȴȻȻѾﵽ磬ǣиСѾڣǴ磬Ҫһһȥ׳ض˭͵߲ģӦ֪ôɣ
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ҶѩϣڣڣŽһǿ׿Գ


2511 Ҫ޵ˣ
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2512 ն
Ҫ޵ˣ
Ҷ㶣ȻʣΪʲô
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Ҷ𣿡
΢΢ҡͷȥһ£ʲôҲûв鵽ѩϾãԷ֪Ǽϼһԣ뿪ŽںǱǳҡ
ҶӻǾãǹŽڿܻڹ
ϵ˵ͷųܣ
Ҷ룬Ȼһ޹ص⡣
ϿһҶʡ
ҶҵȨжֱһ㣬ҿԶڵĳϣӽն𣿡
ԣƤһҪʲô
ҶЦҾһʣ
ϳĬƬ̣Ȼϸ˵ʹҲûȨնɱڵκεӣ̷ԺܵĵӣܵСǣҲų磬еıţıͬţı㣬£辭̷Ժն࣡
Ҷ˵ͷˣ
ϵһ̾ҶԸ꣬¸ǹϺϣͬʱܹһЩģһЩϾ
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΢΢ͷָһ㣬һöҶǰΧҹŽڵļңǵϸϣȥɵеΣգ֪ͨţǻ
Ҷ˵ͷᣬȻתȥ
ҶıӰϵһ̾ôһ


2513 Һ£
ŽΪһţȻӵ฽ģ˵ЩңţС϶ԹŽհ
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ȻŽҲֻǼЩңţСŽǲġ
뿪ŽںҶһΪƳǵĹųǡ
һŽڵң
к󣬰մϸϢҶһۡ
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ܿ죬ɵĴ£ҶһңҶɨһңȻ˫ۻܿ죬һصܡ

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˵ţóһö飬ܿ죬һƹâʧǰ

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Ҷ΢ƣе˼
ôʡ
ҶЦûʲôǳȥɣ
뿪ң˴֮УҲҶǰ˿̣ϴԵĽ֮ɫ
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Ҷ˫΢У뿪˴棬˿̣ƳǵϿգһƬããǣ濴ͻ֣ᷢﲢûʲô
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ҡͷ֪ڸղͻȻ֮ͱˡ϶ʩչͨסǡ
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΢΢ͷֹܻҲǵĿǣǾʲô
ҶĬƬ̣ȻԶȥԥºҲ˹ȥ
Ҷ˳ǰŴڣȴ޾ʲôҲУڼ䣬ʱ˳⣬ǲһͻᴫһҽ
ͳȥ
˵⣬ԥ£Ȼ¿ɷ֪ͨŽڳϣ
Ҷҡͷȥ
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ҶɨһܣȷʵԵ÷ǳĹ찡ʱԶ⣬һŰɫµͻȻƮ˳棬Ư硣
ò˵ֳϣʱ򣬼һĻЩ˵ġ
ҶһǰˣȻȭͷᴷ˴ԼؿڣҺ¡


2514 ʣ
̲סһҶ룬ǰһδҲ̫Щɣ
ʱǰѾƮ˳УһҶƮ˹
ԥ£ȻҪ뿪
Զǰˣǳ
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Ϳһ򶨵ҶҲһɣǰλŽ϶ʲôƵġ
ʱǰƮҶǰ
ͣ
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£һֱסҶˡ
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ҶһУӡУţָһ㣬һö𣬵Ǻܿ죬Ǵֱʧ
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ܿ죬ͿɬһЦʵҲǿʵᣬôһˣ
鰡
Ҷ΢΢ͷȻô˵
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쳤һۣ쳤ϵǸΣ
ҶɨһܣŽ鱨ϵͳҵ飬磬ڣֻҪ̵ֻˣͨҡȻǹŽڵģǾͲһǾɱһƣҪҪףǹŽڵƨõģˣҪʹ۵ģ
Ҷһõ쳤ѪҺЩˣ

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˵꣬뵽ʲôֵ̲򵥣ǧҪСģ
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ЦЦû˵ʲô

ƶ֮УҶڿУȻ˺
ʱԣҪС̣
ҶûСǣ
˵ͷܼ֯ˣҲаǾһΣǶԹŽڳ֣϶ԭģȻŽΪ֮һǾԲ׳ֵģ
Ҷ˵ûҪôǹŽڳ⣬ǳ룬ҪôʵǰǿֲԾùŽڿ
˵⣬ҡҡͷҸս֣͸Щ鷳£ǿҰ
Ц㰡Ҫǻ֪ǹŽǾͲ׶ԹŽڳˣ
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ҶҡͷһЦȻ㱾ˣ
Ѿ޸״ˣǣԴûУΪ˵ҪĻٵüǧʱ䡣ֻܿСˡ
Сף
Ҷ˵ͷҲȥһʱˣӦÿˡʱָıԴ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱҶͻȻ뿪˺⣬һҶС
һᣬҶɫ
Žˣ
ѩϸĴҪϻȥִ֣


2515 ֪˭
Ž䣡
Ҷüͷ壬ô£
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ңһŽ䣬ҶҪˣ
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Ҷߵһԣ㣬Ϊ㣬Ϊ˹Žڣ飬˵ʲôԹʲôûаɣ˵УֻһһʱʧȥĳôģˡֱԣĺáǸ˵ֱף
ӳĬƬ̣ȻûнһҹŽһӣҲҵսѡ
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˫ۻҶֵҾãǽһӣǽޣҾ˶ӦҪˣҲ볶Щˡ֮飡
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ҶֱӽӲԭء


2516 רβ
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ѩϿҶãȻΪأ
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ҶΪ˹Ž

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ʵ֮УҶ̫ʺϣӦ˵ڲʺϣǣһλǰѡˣȻЩԥǾ
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Ǻܿ죬һϢ˿ǾǹŽλ
Ҷ
ֶȵ˵ǷǳİġȻⲻҪ⣬ҪҶᣡ
Žʷһ
иģǾλҶȻֻǿߣ
磡
һʱ䣬ŽڼΪ̸۵Ц
ҶιŽڵ˽ӣ
˵Žڹ˲С𶯣
һ죬Ҷһɫۣͷ硭ͣѩŪģ˼ǿȽԵó죡
Ҷǵۣ
ڹŽڵ֮УҶϷλһۿȥԿʯ¡죬ҪӴԸĹأ
ܱŤ
ֶҶ˵ǳıŤ˱ŤҲúͦģ
ô꣬ûоأ
ܿ죬ڴϴ£һȺͻȻ˴֮УȺ֮࣬Ķкüλ
Ҷ΢΢һ񣬡
Ҷ˵ͷ񣡡
ڽ޿һҶɫΪŹ֣

ȻΪ͵ЩĽ֮ܵأ
Ȼô룬ȴ˵Ͼѩϻ⣡
Ҷһ·ЩŽڵӣȻЦ֪ʲôȻвΪβվ˵
˵ţߵǰвҪүһ˵
У
ѩϿһҶû˵
ҶЦôҹŽڵĵӶЩûֵ𣿡
ʱһվ˳ֱҶҲ
Ҷ˵ͷһûϵһרβ


2517 أ
ڣ
Ҷ͵Ž˲ģʹЩ˱治˵ʲô˽¾Իǲġ
Ҫڣ
ڣԺ˭
ͲǣȻˣǾҪ
Ҷǰ˵ĵǿߣһλ洫ӡ
Ϊ洫ӣԲŸʱվ˵
ҶĻ洫ӵϣܰΣ
Ҷ˵ͷ֣
洫ӿһܣط
ҶҡͷҪˡְɣ
洫ӿҶ磬磬Ϊ˹ƽ
һжʱЩЦ
Ҷ룬ȻҾͲˣ
£һƬž
Ϊ֪ʱ洫ӵĲ࣬ɽ
ɽ
˶סˣ洫ӣΪڸղţûзӦӦ˵Լ֪Լʲôʱģ
а̣
Ҷ΢ɽɻص֮У洫ӣҪȳ֣
洫ӿҶãȻָһ㡣
ˣ
һڳ쳹𣬽ţһƽâ
Ȼܿ죬洫ӱһ̣Ϊü䣬һɽ
ĽâͣҶм䡣
һΣལɫ
Ҷ棬洫ӶҶ΢΢һ񣬡ҷˣ
磬ǰλֻ磬Ȼǰ֮ûУ
һΣ֪ŽƵ紫ǰ˽ӣ
ʹ˽ӣҲʸģ
Ҷӳܣܽ޽Ƿ׷
Ҷ˵ͷصԼλãѩϣѩ΢΢һЦ⡣
µҲҶܷڣڿЩǷġЩϵģûϵѹأңţڶ꣬Ǹʱ򣬹Žû˸Ҳˣ
ҶҶ֪
ʱһͻȻԵ⴫ܿ죬һ𣬡ϼҴСϱ
ԣҶһϲվʱѩϿһۣҶЦҵѣһЩ
˵ţȥʱҶ֪ϱǰ
ŮУһĺӡ
ҶЦʲôǵģҶ಻˼
˵ţֱӰӽ˹Ȼյ˺ڡ
ˣ
Ҷ֪ϱ΢΢ҡͷһƤôĺ񣬾Ͳ֪
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ҶЦǸѼϼܣûʲôϲġ˵ǲսôˣ
ϱ֪㵱ǾʱȳˣôҲذ𣿡
ҶЦ˼´ǳΪһȥǵأһݴĺ񣡡
ϱЦˡ
˵ţһܣң½û
Ҷܻ·Ϲ
Ů΢΢ͷû˵ʲô
ʱҶӴصңЩһģǶŽڣȻ᲻ʱ½û
ʵϼҶֻҶ֪ϱҲе㲻ǡģҪ֪ŮڻǸԼƶˡ
ҶҲףҳҶ֮⣬ϼҵϱӦǳ˽ġΣ飡
ŮûдãҶ̸Ƭ֮תȥ
ҶҲû֪ŮǷǳæġ
ܿ죬ԽԽ٣ҪʱһͻȻ˴⡣
ˣѩüͷʱ
ߵ˴֮£̧ͷҶһϲ³ΪŽǺ񣡡
˵ţָһ㣬г˴֮У֮Уͷ­
ͷ­ѩ˫۶ʱ΢ڣɭɱ⣡
֮УǹŽڵĳϣһţҶʶųϿġ
ŽڵЩǿߵģ
ҶһۺˣȻǻ̶ҵŽ
Цôᣬǲأһ˺𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻû£ȻǻҪ棬ǹŽھǺú档
˵˵ͷϣ𣡡
£彥
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ģֻһƷ
ȥҶɨһܣȻϣѩϣܲ鵽ǵ𣿡
ԥ£ȻѾ֪ͨ༸Ǻܿͻ𸴣硭
Ҷ˰֣˼ҶɱͷˣЩʲôҪľȥȫѲǵ䣬ǹŽһеԴ
룬Ȼ˵ͷ
Ҷ뿪˴ԼĶⶴܣǿ߰ػ
ѩϸҶ
֮УѩϳһΣҶ֮⣬༸ҵ̬ȺģǲûзԣǣҲûأ
Ҷǻ̵أ
ѩϳûлӦ
ҶĬƬ̣ȻѩϣҹŽʲô
ѩϵƬ棬ﵽ־ģʮ
Ҷǻ᲻ԴۼǰԴŽڣ
ԣѩüͷҹŽȻѾ䣬ǣǵ̻ڣ˵༸֣Ҳ׾ٽ
̳ˣҶͻȻʱ֣Բɺϣ
ѩϵһ֮̾
ҶͻȻЦҪ̫ģʲôĿģʲô㣬˵Լǿ㹻ˡ̣Ǿ̿
ѩϳ»ĳЩĳЭ飬ֿԷǳĴ󣬲ȻǾԲô磬һպʱ򡣡
˵⣬Ҷڵ㣬Բ뿪ŽڣΪǵĿѾϣֻҪ㲻뿪ŽڣҹŽھܱ֤İȫ
ͷڹ𣿡ҶЦ
ѩü΢ҶͻȻЦѩϣȥ壡
ѩϵ˵ʲô
ҶˣҽӴĲ࣬ǣǺѪԣǻ֮еЩĵӣͨ񶼺Ѫԡңȣûһ˿£ˣǻŽᣬǳŽᡣ
ѩϳĬ
ҶߵѩϵǰȻҴӦŽڵôҾͻúõһҶķǣҪΪУôҪôҪôԣҲԣǣԲˣԲث
˵ţ򶴸֮ʣѩϣҪ£һ£Ƽ洫ӣŵҲԣʵﵽ磬ûдﵽսﵽҲԣЩҴ죬ҪԴǳȥ׷ɱ̵ˡڶ£֯ҹŽǿЩϰʲôģعŽڣȻʱ
ѩϳУ̫Σˣ㡭
ҶͻȻѩϵĻһϸĽޣһǿĽޣӦǴΣ֮ɱġǹŽڵЩ洫ӻŵɶģڰݵ̫ˡ
˵⣬ѩϣڴ֮Уλ洫ӣһӲ£һ㣬ҾǶӦҪʡһ£
ѩϣ


2518 һݴ
ҶĻѩϳ׳Ĭˡ
ҶԣŽ洫һӲˣ
϶ǲģ
Ϊʲôأ
ΪЩ洫ˮ֣
ˮ֣
Ҷѩϣȥҽɣ
ѩ΢΢ͷתȥ
⣬ѩ̧ͷʣŽڻҪһα˰
֮УҶ˺
ڣҶСȴۼһЩ˷̨ϣҶĿһһɨǣο
ΪЩĺŬ
һʼڣЩûΪĵرԼڵ裬෴Ǹӿ̿ˡ
رƬ׳ص£ЩѾǿһΪֲĴڣ˵Ļƿǵķ
ȻǶֻǣǵԲǶһս֮
رΪ׵СһҲ
ǰЩһҲȹŽڵЩ
ѾڵĻǾ͸ˣ
Ǻ
ʱͻȻҶԱ
Ҷתͷ򽣾ԸǼӳֺף׿˵޽ӽһˣźɻ׵ļӳ֣ǵսĸӿֲ
ԣҶһУʱǰҶʾ£ܿ죬ţһâСȴϡ
ЩâγһڵĻףܼʵ
һĻҶ΢΢һЦȺһķǵĵ˾ģ
СȴķѾǳ̬ˣڼЩף˵ǵķԻͬ׵Щֻ
ҶСȴһȻƬ֮Уϰٵײ˸ǿѹԴ
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һСףڶգ
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ЩɢأΪǵĴڣõˡ
ʱһСԴͻȻƬ֮˳ա
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ƶ֮УҶ·һУ￴ȥպÿڵȫò
ûûı棬ƽȣ
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˶Ҷ΢΢һ񣬡
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⺮Ŵˣһֵܣ뿪ǡң洫ӻŵӣҹŽڵӣûʲô𣡡
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ĺܺã
˵ţһ۳һۣȻ洫ӣŵӣûģȻ֮һݵ𣬵ϣĲҪ𣬲ҪΪԼ洫ӻŵӾ;ԼһȡˣҲ˵ˣѩӦö˵һεĿİɣ
ͷ
ҶֵһΣҲκǿ߸棬һΣܹŻǵı£ܻŻǻã߰ɣ
˵ţҶ뿪˶ſڣͻȻͣ¿ѩϣ˸棬ѩϣҪãΪҾãǿܻʱҹŽڡ
ѩЩԥ
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Ҷ뿪֮ѩȴͻȻЦˡ
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Ϊ׵ȻҶ
һҪȥһǵĹųǣżСңҲǹŽڵĸңھͲ֪ˣ
Ҷ뿪֮󣬹Ž̽˽䱸״̬ˣŽڻЩĹŽڵӣ
ֻΣʱ̲Ż֣
ǽӵĹŽڵӶڵһʱϻս磬øϻ
ŹŽڵһϵжЩƽˡ
ʱҶѾǡ
ȻǸϵʱѾһˡ
һճǣ
ǰһĻҶɫʱ
ѵԷѾ֪ȫˣ

ʱҶԵһͻȻ˵Խ洫֮ʵٮٮߣ
ҶһճǣȻҽȥ
Խæǲף磬Ҫȥһȥ
Խ˵ͷʾһȥ
ҶЦû£Ǿҡ
£ֱӻһʧԭء
УԽ˲δͣԭأæ˹ȥ
УҶ˳ģʶɢ˳ȥܿ죬ʶ˻ȷʵһҲûУ
ҶȴͻȻ΢΢һЦǲҪҽҽˣǿԳˣ
ҶĻԽ˶ʱٴУȫ䱸

һЦͻȻڳ𣬽ţֱӲܿ죬Ͽճһ޴ĺɫƶ䣬ɫƶǡ
Ƭƶ֮УԼɼ˵Ĺ
ˣͻȻ磬̹ǣ
ҶԽæͷųĽֿЩ磡
ʱͻȻһ˻Ҷ֪ҪǸ㱸һݴϣܹ⣡
·Ҷ˫ۻ
Ҫ飬ֻʮѩ֪


2519 
ʱҶȷŽڹ
ѩ
ʣһ뵽ľѩϡǺܿ죬ַԼ뷨
ܸѩϲô
ѩϣѵǴϣ洫֮еһˣ
е㲻ܣЩ洫Ӹ֪ҪǣңҪƤӵͨ籨ţѣ
Ƭ̣Ҷҡҡͷȥ⣬̧ͷƶ֮Уһߡ
߹ݵĺƤǣһ˫ȴǷǳϬ
վƶ֮УͷҶ˵㲻ҪŽǿ߸棡
ҶЦ㶼֪Ĳˣ
ߵһ֪ģ磬֮硣𣿡
ҶЦһ棬ֻҹŽڲߣ˵༸֮綼ǵߣ
ߵأ
Ҷò˵еСˡ
ߵһʼҲеСˡڣϷԳҲˣ
ʱɽϢĳǿߵ࣡
ɽδߣֻڵ־ֱץסɽ
Ц֪ɽϬҿͷˣ㡭
ʱȻֹһֱ̣ʧԭء
ͣ
ԬվλãռͻȻһѷ죬Ǳ̳ģ

һ⣬ǿҶû뵽һϷʱ̽䱸ţǾҪĵˣ
£ͻȻָһ㣬ɲǼ䣬һɫɡҶͷת˲һǿɡ𵴶£ǿֱõҶΧƬռ
Ҷ˫΢У΢ɽǱɡնȥȻɽտǱɡֱӱ˿
޷
ʱһǿѾ𵴶¡
ҶԽ˾Ҫ֣Ҷ죬һƬѩͻȻƬֱӵסǺɡ֮ͷŵǿ
ܿ죬Ƭ⾹Ȼʼɢ
ʱеǿͻȻһ£
䣡
·ȻһţҶܵĿռһҼһǿЩռ֮𵴶
ҶɨһܣΧЩڵܹܵģ
һܻǣ
ԼʵҶǰ̤һһصͻȻܣ

ֺΧЩͻȻ֮ͣһ£ʱһϢնǱɡ֮ϡ
飡
Ǳɡֱӱһնɣ
ͬʱɽֱնǿߣһΣɽٶ֮ǰܹȵġ
һĻǿд󾪣һҪԭأȻɽʵ̫̫ˣ
ͣ
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ȻҶüͷȴΪǿһ˲ͻȻըѿţͻȻ֮
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Ӱǿߣ
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ڷɳȥ֮һ뿪ҶķΧҶٶȼ죬˿ߣ
ͣ
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Ǹ棬ǾԿѹǰҶģǣһȴ֣ԼֶξʩȻҶûа취
ˣҶɽõǰѽʵֲ̫ˣ
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䣡
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ǵӰҶӰĿһҶҶǺܿͻڼġ
˵꣬תֱʧʾͷ
˿̣ߵڵѪǵӰһɱﵣģֻһλᣬڣɱˣɱˣû񣬿˵һ˷۱
ϿգҶ俴ǰԶǵӰӰû˵ڿʧӰǽʧˡ
ʱԽæΧ˹Ҷû̫飬жʱһɡ
Ҷɨһܣڽ£·һܹܵ
ͻȻҶ
£ֱ˳УԶȥܿ죬һ˳ϵһʱɫǱˣ
ǳǽǽ䴦ѷʬ壬һһӣʮ֮ߣЩϲûκ˺ۣ
ʧˣ
Ҷɨһܣȥ
ܿ죬ļʧԭأһᣬصҶǰ
һ޳ǽܵĽ䶼֣ЩˣӦˣǵĻȫ룡
Ҷ̧ͷʾͷǾʲô
ʱԽͻȻǿܻҪ֣
ҶҪ˵ͻȻǰĿռͻȻһ£ţѩϵд˳ܿ죬Ҷɫ


2520 ʲô
ôˣ
ҶԣԽʵ
Ҷ̧ͷһʾͷ磬ʮǶѾˣ
ԽռôǾҪʲô
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ҶҾãǵһһǵƿ֮У
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ѩϵڹڹҹŽڵļӦòͣ
ҶĬ
ѩҲû˵һʱ䣬֮˳Ĭ
Ҷ˴֮⣬һԶλãԿŽڴ󲿷ݵķ羰ʵĲ̫ıƵ飡
˵ϲֱӵģ
ŽӣĻҪأ
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ϱҡͷҵģŽλڣʵ۷״̬ô֣ܻȴңڣǹŽ˵ˣҵ˼𣿡
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ϱŵҶ֣ҵĿҾãҪϷŽڡҪ֪Žڿռһ磡
ϷֹŽڣ
ҶЦģǲٵλôԣѵҶɷǣ
Ƭ̣ҶվŮһۣΪѣҲ̫ΪѣǣΨһѣΪǣû˿ΪˡԣΪǰɣ
Ů
ҶһЦָһ·ɣڲܶùŽڵΪҲ֪˭ǵˣ˭ѣ
ϱҪڹŽڣ
Ҷͷ
ϱ㲻һ̰Ȩˣ
ҶЦԶΪȻѡ˵ŽǾҪáȻѾͷԺô޽֮·ɱȵŽѶˣңԺܻһͻ
ϱ࿴һҶɫΪӣһ
ҶЦҲ̫Ϊѣָ·ɣ
ŽڹҶ֪ͻȻʡ
Ҷ˵ͷҪŽڹңһҪạ̊́ǣŽڵ鱨ϵͳԶȶԷһЩ
Ҷ֪΢΢ͷˡ
˵ţϱһۣϱȥǵ½׻ᣡ
½׻᣿Ҷüͷ΢壬ǲֻ𣿡
ϱǻ鱨ԼһЩȻҶԼһ鱨ϵͳǣǲܵЩ鱨ϵͳ㣬Ѿǲ͹Žڵ飬ܹǣҲԻݾߣûкô
Ҷ룬Ȼ˵ͷˣ
˵⣬뵽ʲôֵȥǰæ۸Ӧòٰɣ
ϱ൭ǹŽûн羧ֱӴӹŽð˵ȨûУ
ӹŽã
Ҷ۾һ£Ҫ֪ڿǹŽӹŽŪ羧ʲôģ׾ٵ飿
ûдȻعŽڣŮֱǸ½׻ᡣ
ֵϣˣЩ٣ɢɢ߰˸
Ҷǽֵͷͷվһˣ˺Ѿǵĺˡ
Ҷֱӿżɽ̣Žڡ
˳ĬƬ̣

ҶüͷΪʲô
˵Ȩش𣡡
ҶһۺˣȻóһöӣöӣǻԪ
к˵Ŀ׷׳ҶҶеöʱ˾Ԫҵ죬ǻԪ⣬ֻôܣⲻϹʱе𣿡
ԪʲôЦǻԪ
ö

ҶһеĻԪǿдǻԪŪģԪȻͬģúҪġ
ƹܺǻԪӻҪģȻܾҪˣˣǻǿаŪģ
˼ҵ棬ȻҪӸ˼ҵģ
ҶóǿŻԪֵʱƽˣΧЩ˶Χ˹нǻȣ̰û˸Ҷ֣
˼Ҹҵôóýֺͷ붼֪ⲻһ˰
ңϣû˭ĿŵӪҵڼ٣
ҶǰǺȻҲЩǻԪǳǳѼĴˣ
Ҷ
˳Ĭ
ʱҶóһŻԪ
æʲô


2521 Ҫ

˴Ҷ뿪ֵ˽ֵԵһС֮С
СڣֻеĻ⣬Щڰ
ڷ֮УֻһľΡ
Եȣ
˵ţóһŷ顣
Լ˰ӺҶǰľϳһˡ
ϣһƬģ
˳ֺҶԵǺ˶ʱ˳ȥ
һᣬͻȻڣԪֶҲУҺ⣡
Щ˻ƣȻ
ҶЦҲĨˡŽڣ̣֪٣
֪˵
Ҷ˫΢Уô
˵ͷȣ鱨ǿȣǶ֪֮飬Ҳ֪Ȼ飬Ҳ֪
ҶЦ֪ôܴ࣬ڣ򵥰
Ҳ򵥣
ô˵Ҷʡ
˵Ϊϣǲ֪Ĵڡ
ҶãȻ˵˵𣿡
ҡͷû塣öԪȷʵ󣬲Ž̵飬˵ģǲ̫֡
ҶΪʲô
˵Ϊ̺ܻˣܻ¡һεĽǱȵλ̫̫ˡˡֱԣЩ飬ǸĬģҲŽĳЩġı䲻ʲôľ뿪ŽڣԽ뿪Խá̯ӣղˡ
Ҷ˫ۻ֪Ž˭ڹջ̵һЩϣ
ҡͷЩһЩǣܸ㡣
ҶЦҲ£
˵£ǲͣ˵ֵǲ͡
˵⣬վһϢݣĳЩ˵ʲôܡڣ뿪ȣ뿪ü
ҶЦҪ𣿡
˵أ˵ʵŽѡ㵱㡣
ңҶЩ⡣
˵Ž֪һŽھͻᷢʣѡ㵱˿Ǳ츳⣬һԭǾĲȷأһȷĴڣϣʲô鶼ܷõģģƵģģпܣһ
Ҷû˵룬ȻһУһöй
й
Ҷˣû˵
ãͻȻЦҺ⣬ʹϹʱԼ
ҶӦ֪֪ʲô
˵㵱ҪڹŽˮ
ҶЦȻӦˣȻҪá
˵˵ͷȻָһ㣬һҶǰƽףһöйֵǸҪ֪ġ
Ҷᣬָһ㣬öй˵ǰ
ҶתҪߣʱͻȻ治ϣ𣿡
ҶЦ£
ֵǶûʲôͼ
Ҷû˵ʲô뿪Сݡ
Сڣο

Ҷ뿪ǵ½׻ᣬеľᣬžᣬҶޱ顣
ãһ̾Ȼ뿪ս硣
뿪սٸϻ˹Žڡ
صŽں˽⣬һߡ
˵ǹŽڵһϣΪһЩԱؽ
Ҷߵǰʱ۾߲û
ҶЦйźǹŽڵھŴΪİŮ䣬Ļ֮£ȥŽ֮λȻػλŮӡ
˫΢УڴһĨ䡣
Ҷԣǰߵݣӵ½׻õģǽġڹŽڴ̫̫ˣŽڵʷȹŽκ˶Ҫ
ϹʱڵڹŽڵʱһߵػ߹ŽڣȻҲڹ۲ŹŽڡ
һУϤ
ͻȻڣѡ㣬𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷ
ߵһ̾ҹŽڶԲǹٺˡ
ٺιŽ
Ҷ֪ŽĿǰĴ𣿡
źҡͷҲЩˡ
ҶҲЩ
ź㻹Ҫ˵䲻ģģʵЩٵҪʵȨûĺʵȨҪ֣ûеõϣ㰡ЩƳĹ˵ôֱף㲻ɣ
ҶЦ⣬һ㶼⣬Ϊ˵Ķġ
ź˵ͷôߣҲ뿪պкܲǰ;ġ
ҶЦ֪ʲô𣿡
źתͷҶ
ҶЦҲ㣬ҶΣһȥŬȥе𣡼ȻҴӦ˽ŽҾҪŬպǱ˼£Ժ飬֮ǰһȥŬã
źһҶΪӦҪ
Ҷҡͷ֪Žôŵҿ϶ǲɽģû취Ѿˡ飬ʵ
ʵҲ뿪ȥЩ顣
ǣͻȻ֣ܹƿŽڣĺôҲеġ
Ȼԭǣ̫ˣ
һ쵱һôһôҪ̫ҶˣʱҪߣ̫ˣ

ҪҶҾ͵ҪҵҾ͵ùԹ뿪ģ
ȻˣǾҪ˳ʵʵڣ
ҰﲻʲôʱźͻȻ
ҶЦ֪Žδô𣿻ʧŽӿܻ㲻Ҳ޼ҿɹ顣ȣֻޣû˹ŽڣǾ޸֮ݡ
˵ţָָǽЩЩŽȱӢ궼ʧᱻ˼̤ˣŽӵ궼ܱ顣
źޱ飡
ҶЦЦվȻ˵ϲŮ˲ϲ㣡
䣡
һǿͻȻҶϡ
Ҷֱӱ˰ɵľ룡
ҶһѿǰȻ̧ͷԶɢɭɱĹźҲϲȥ۱ˣڣҪԹŽһŽһų򣬵ӱܣô㻹ӱܣһֱӱܡ
˵꣬Ҷֱת߽˽֮С
ԭأ߳Ĭ
ڣҶҵǹϡ
֪ʲôϼҶĵһ仰
ҶЦ֪Ķ֪һЩ
ǲ뿪ʡ
ҶѾˣ𣿡
ϵΣûһλǿ壬ͻΪ⣬׸ҹŽڣĵۼңиģ
ҶŹãתȥ
ߵʱͻȻͣʵܲпᣬҶĽ
ǱĻҪǿ󣡺ܶ࣡ͻȻ
ҶʣȻأ
ϿҶû˵
Ҷֵ򶼲ǾѾʼ䣬ʼĶˣ
ϵһ̾򲻹ģ
ҶͻȻתŭһϣȴΪ򲻹ԷҪҲȥǲǣ
˵ţԽĴˣǽޣõǽͣ޽ʲôľͷǣɱ˵ģҪǣǾҪûϵǣûУǻʲôؼ廨ɣ
˵꣬תҪ뿪
ʱͻȻţһ˷쳹𣬺ܿ죬һ˽֮С


2522 ԣ
ҶǹϳϽסˡ
ڣһһλλŽȱǿߡﰲȻ䣬ǣһӢ߱ʲôĿȻΪԼĴС
ЩҶͬǶԹŽǷǳйеġ
罣ܶʵڹŽڳɳģѾŽڵһҡ
˿̣н޻嶼ڿҶ
ʱһλ꽣޻ƮҶǰ㣬ܲ
ҶҪ˵ʱеЩͻȻһ⳯Ҷϯȥ
ÿһ廯Ľⶼ⣡
⽣֮ڣнʮ壡
ЩӿҶ
һԣǹѾסˡ
ΧЩŽȱἺķʽҶǽԼı⣬ȫ׸ҶҶɣҶա
ôһҶܹĽ⣬ᵽʮֲͬĽ⣬ͬĽ־
Ҷ˵ĺô
ϳĬˡ
ʣЩŽȱͬҶ֧
ԶԼһӺ󣬳ֻʣһ壬һŻ۵ӡ
δʧ
ҶյЩ֮ͻȻڣŽڴϹʷʮˡ
Ҷӣġ
ӵӿڵڣŽھΣգЩΣպܶʱ򶼲ǹŽǣǶͦ˹Žڣǲûĸܹų档ҹŽһ죬ҲġǣǲϣǹŽڵģͶġǣϣйϵ
˵ţƮҶǰҵȲ֪СС͵ΪξͳΪ˹ŽǣղŵһǾúܶԡڵĹŽڳϣ޲֧㣬ǣЩĹŽ֧㡣
£ͻȻɢ˿ţһɽֱӿҶڡ
Ҷ˫ۻ
һƽⲻ𵴶ЩӣǳӣָĶС
һԣüͷɲʲô£ʱҶɢǹɽͻȻʼɱ䣡
ôˣ
ģһɴѪɱĽܣ
Ҷɱ¾⣡
ɽ⣬
ˣɽľȣ󳬳˹ϵɽ⣬ǳǳǿģ
ʵҶйŽЩȱйء
ȣҶĽͺҪ֪һʼһֱѹԼĽ⣬ŽЩȱܹģʲôӹˣǵĽȻҲǷǳġǵĽⱻҶĽպ󣬿˵ǿǿϣҶԼĽ뽣ıͼΪļ̣Щ˵Ľ־Ӱ죬ˣЩԼĽڱǿ󣬲ûгҵ
⣡
⻹ޣʵģҶӲѹסˣ
ڲ磬ѾﵽѾǳˡ뾳̫󣬿϶ִġ
£һһΪף
ʱҶһȻת뿪˽󣬶һߣǹϣ
⣬Ҷһ֮ǰǹźλãѾտҲһҲûУ
Ҷû˵ʲôʧ˲Զ
ŽڣµС
ڴϷģҶ棬ǹϣϣѩϣߣ߷ֱƹ̷Ժĭ峤ϣԼһƹܹŽڰǨϣһƹܹŽ鱨೤ϡ
ؽĹϣϣ˵Žڵĸ߲ˡ
֮Уǿ

ŽڰлһЩЩҶر˵ŽȻûλһǿߵǰǣŽҪǸɶڵģ
֮кܰԵЩ죡
ҶɨһܣȻѴһЩ顣
ɳĬ
ҶЦ֪ҵеƹˤ˼˵ǾϣôһƷҲأ
мλϿһҶû˵
ҶҲģȻѡ˵ȻҪáڹŽڣи죬һЩı˵ŽڵΣյʱ̡ȰڣһΰѴȰڡ
˻ǳĬ
ҶЦЦȻѩϣϣѩϣԣӦóƺλ껤ǣ
ѩϳĬƬ̣ѩϵ㶼֪ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ֪Ķ֪ˡ
ѩϿһܣˡϮǹŽڸ޷ֵ
ҶЦͶԭ𣿡
ѩϿһҶ̴ӦǣŽ˽ԿɼȣˣҹŽڻǹŽڡ
ҶЦֻŽڻΪǵĸ𣿡
ѩֱҶȻǸΣƴڣҹŽǿߣƷǿߣ̣֮ϣʲôȥƴŽڵӵ𣿡
ҶŽڵЩأ
ѩϵǲûԹŽڵӣ𣿡
ҶЦ˼ǣЩŽڵȡŽڵƽ
ѩ˫ۻѾõĽˣ
Ҷתͷһ۳λϣǾأ
˳Ĭ
ҶЦȻѾ̯˵ҲͲĨˡҪڹŽڵģվ
гĬƬֻ̣йһ۳վҶ
ֻйǺ۳ϣ
ŽʵȨһûУ
ѩֱҶһλᣬ뿪Žڡ
ҶЦϳϣټȫڵӣ
΢΢ͷתȥδţͱϢѹס
Ҷߵѩϵǰֱˣֻ˵һ飬ڣһ붯֣ҲҶ֣ȻҲλԴŤڹŽ⵱չʾƷ
ѩֱҶû˵
Ҷ俴˳ڳһۣŽǴҵĹŽڣŽеӶѡͶ̣ѡǣҶת뿪ǹŽڵκ顣ڣҪѡȨñʵһȨȻҿǱ֤ǵȲŽԴͻӰң
£һҶԡ
Ǳ
ɫޱȣ
һ
ҲǹŽڵһ
ڹŽǻĵܵģ
뿪˴Ҷڴ֮λϣ֮ûһ˸Ҷ֡
Ҷǲɱλǿߵ飬Ȼ֪ģǰλǷλǿʼɵˣ
ܿ죬Žŵӣŵӣ洫Ӿ˴֮УվЩ˾վ˹Žڴ⡣
Ž˶ˣ
ҶЩŽڵӣϳѾ˵ˡڣȨѡԼδѡңʹҪսսѡѩǣһ뿪ڲֹŽκ顣
УĬƬ̣ͻȻΪ׵ľ洫ͻȻҵ׷
ܿ죬һŽڵӷ׷׹ȥҵԸ׷
Ҷ˫ۻϣѩϣλ̳ϣﲻӭǣԣ


2523 Ĵ

Ҷڳд𣬲һ˿У
ѩֱҶǶԹŽں𣿡
˵ţתͷһ۳ڹŽڵӣǹŽʲôԿ̣ʲôԿ֮ЩѵҪùŽʧʷ֮𣿡
ʱһԵĹͻȻһ̾ѩĿҲǶԹŽںãǣĳ̣ôǣǹŽȱĿ
ѩЦǻлᣬлᶫɽл𣡵ڡ
˵ţָҶ磬Ȼնɱǿ֮ǣնɱ֮ϵǿߵǸյĽǹŽȫպĻᶼûˡ
ϻ˵ʲôʱҶߵѩϵǰѩϣһ䣬ľһ䣬ͳʧȥ˶ԹŽڵģ
ѩϿҶ̫ˡڵĹŽڣǻԣҲŽڣҲŽڡǿô꣬ϣȵҹŽܹͻϧʧˣҹŽôûһܹͻ
ҶȻ;ùŽҩɾˣ
ѩϿҶû˵
Ҷҡҡͷѩϣ֮ԻԸվ˵ΪҸоóͶ̣Ϊ˹Žڡǣǽޣǽް
˵ţһܣޣ޵ǽΪ˹͵ͶǵĽй𣿻һûйһûϵĽη
ѩϷϣǵ𣿡
ҶȻתͷ·ЩŽڵӣǣԸվǹشң
վ
УŽڵը죬쳹Žڣ
Ҷǰѩɫ΢ס
ЩɫҲЩÿ
ҶصԼλãѩϣϣЩ̵ĳϣվŵλŽڵӣÿ˶ԼѡҲǿǸһѡڣǶ뿪ȫ뿪ҹŽھǣڼʱҹŽҲ飡
һʱ䣬˰
ߣ
һԣϳֹ
ѩϵ˶뿪ʣŽڽˡҪ֪ѩϵȳϿǹŽڵĶһ뿪ŽڵĴͲ⣬ĳ˾ˣ
ѩϿҶãЩˡ
˵꣬Χڳתȥ
ܿ죬֮е˽Ƿ׷ȥֻʣҶϣгֵĽ
Ͽһ۽΢΢һû˵
ڹŽڵĵλ˿һλ͵ģ
һԹŽ׵ĳ
ߵҶԣҲֵĹŽڣ
ҶҡͷҲ˽ĵģӦΪŽҾÿƿعŽڣΪԼһϧû뵽ҪӵĶ࣡
ֹ
ҶЦˣȻѡˣǾͺúõһ
ʲôԲ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢ͷҶҲпɽģ
ԣ뵽ʲôϵһɨգ
䣬Ҷɽǿģû
ҶϣǰҹŽڴС񣬶Ҫæˡ
ϿһҶͷã
Ҷֿ򽣾ҹŽڵ鱨ϵͳƹܣҪ֪֪ġ
΢΢ͷף
˵꣬תȥ
Ҳ˳ȥ
ڣֻʣҶ
Ҷһ۵ʣҵֲа
ܿ죬뿪˹Žڡ
ߵĺأûκ֪
һΣٴսǸ½׻ᡣ
С֮Уٴμˡ
Ҷָһ㣬һöӳ˵ǰǻԪ
ҶæҼˣûɣ
˵˵˵
ܿ죬Ҷ˵һϵ
ã˵е˲ȣҪӼۣ
Ҷ˵ͷԣ
ҵ֮أʡ
ҶЦŽң
΢΢ͷԡ
ҶתҪߣʱͻȻб
Ҷͣ½Ųתˡ
˵ҵõϢϼҴСȥԨ
Ҷüͷ΢壬ǴԨ⣿
ҡͷң
ң
Ҷһˣ֪Ԩʲô
ٴҡͷһصĵطҲеļ޷漰ĵطȥŻˡȥһˣΪرǡ
ҶͻȻ֣Ǹ
˵꣬Ҷתʧԭء
ԭأǺ˵һ̾ܿ죬䳹ʧС֮С
Ҷ뿪ǼСݣЦȥԨɲʱ붼Щ¡ǾһǳǳΣյĵط
뿪½׻Ҷٴ뿪ս磬Ȼص˹Žڡ
˿̣£ŽĵӶѾϻعŽڡ
ˣŽڻЩŽڵŽڱѡ
ڽչŽ鱨ϵͳ󣬺ܿ죬ҵһЩ̵˿
ܿ죬ҶŹŽھ洫뿪˹Žڡ
Ҷ뿪Žں󣬽ǽ֮С
˽һң֮Уֻһɫţ֮ϣڷһľ׼ȷ˵һľ
ߵǰǿľǰľú󣬽ǿľ뿪Ǽҡ

˿̣ͻȻЩ죬ǵ˿Īʧһʱ䣬·ֻʣ¹Žڣ
緢飬ȵ粢ûκηӦ
һ죬ҶžһųǣУʱо
ҶԣԽû
ҶͷСЩ
Խ˵˵ͷȻһ˳У˿̣ǳУһЩڷĳȡų˵꣡
飡
Խ˽кһʱ쳹

ʱңԶƶ֮УһŭͻȻţһֻڵ̽˳ȻץǳеԽˡ
ʱҶ̧ͷһֻ֣ת˲һɽն
ͣ
ʣֻͻȻֱ֮ӱһնأ
ܿ죬һʴ㡭ÿĽ
£һ߳ųǵϿգҶǹŽ
Ҷ˵ͷң
Ц˵ŸյϹŽ
Ҷٴε˵ͷ˵ûʲôָ𣿡
ǷһĨҶһ£𣿡
Ҷ룬ȻҶԴϾͻ벱ӰңĲģ
˫΢У˵Ҫնɱʵе㲻̫ţһֻ۷壬ҿûС
ʱҶ䣬΢΢һһ̣һն
ƶ֮УǺȻֹ
Ҷڣ֮ɫ
һ۽ѿǵԽԽ󡭡
ҶǺߣ磬ԲԣĴ̫ǿˡ
ߣ


2524 
һɱλ֮Ҷ䣬֮Уɽն
ɽֱն˳Уܿ죬һſźɫͷ­
ʮѪȪһ
ܿ죬Խ˻صҶԡ
Ҷһųǣʱһӭ˳ӶҶ΢΢һ񣬡࣬л
ųǵĳҲǹŽڵĸ
Ҷ΢΢ͷǿǰŽڣҲԼǰ֪ͨǡ
˵꣬ҶԽֱʧԭء
ûлعŽڣ
ҶԽ洫һããɽ֮С
ããɽһ޼ʣͷ
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һ˲䣬Ҷ˫΢Уһ˿ţ

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2525 һʮ

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ҶһۺȹŮӣҪдд裿˵һʮǿԺúдд衭


2526 ˣ
ʮ
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Ҷ治ɫһַǳĽҪ𣿡
ȹŮҪ˵ͻȻתͷһۣܿ죬תҶԣڣȷ
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Ů̧ͷŽڵķ򣬡ǵһ𣿡


2527 
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ǿ
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ɫ΢䣬ҪߣȻʱҶͻȻʧԭء

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2528 
ԶǺɫΪѿ
󷨣
ղǸ󷨿ǻΪɱҶһ󷨣նɱǿߵģ
ǣһûˣ

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ӡһɱһԵ
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Ҷ˳ǽ֮УûйЩŽ洫Щǿߣ
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Ҷ˳У˿̣ѾտҲ˶ȥ
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ʱǺȹŮͻȻҶǰһֱ̣ӳҶǰӡ˹ȥ


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䣡
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䣬ҶʮŽ洫ֱʧʡ


2529 Ԩ
һƬƶ֮УȹŮͣһͣǱٴһĨѪ
ղ
ܹ죬ǣû쵽һеĵزȻƬ֮⣬ǣɻûƬ磬ֻǽԼݵѡ
ݵҲд۵ģ
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ɣ
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ǵ˶Ѿ磬͵λڼ䣬ĪҪѰŽڣʱҵһֱ֣ӾɱŽڡ
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ʱͣ


2530 У
̽ţǳǳš
Ϊؼ䣬ܹɵˣԲһ֮
ǿߣһǿߴﵽһ̶ȺرλӸλǿߣǵУǵͼģһ۲˳ɱ֮
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ڤŮ
ڤŮźȹŮӣޱ顣
Ůӣ


2531 ս
ͻȻȹŮӳˡ
ϢڤŮǰһ̣ڤŮռֱһţһЩռ֮𵴶
ЩõڤŮ޴ɶ㣡
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2532 ȹŮӣ
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Ҷ棬ǻǿնɢɫЩԽԽ࣬ʱ鲼Щ
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΢΢һ̣һӣһϹֱʾͷ


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Ҷӿٶȣܿ죬ȫ֮£һƬԨǰ
һƬԨ
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2540 ޣ
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ԨʱҶѾķǳˣ
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2541 ҵ
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ʮҶѾ֪Լٴˡǽģ֣Լû֮ǰôʹˣˣڻһͻѣ

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СŮһҶоΣ
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СŮڳ֮ǰǿ̫̫ˡĳõǿķҲǿԿ
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СŮʼ磬Լ


2542 ȥ棿
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𣿡ʱСŮͻȻʡ

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ԶҶԨϣԨھһȻڵأһֱӻ˹ȥ
ѪĽ֧飬ڣСܹ״飡
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Ҷһԣֱӻһһҹ
ѹʱѾָ߰˳ɣǣϵ˺Ѹɴڣڣǳңһ̣ԸԼȥ
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СŮĺݰ
ÿһγ֣ѵıԵú޸ԼСŮͻٴγ֡
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СŮЩ˼ȭ΢һЩ
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һº
飡
ԨףСŮĳȭҶֱӵ˳ȥһɣֱӷɵԨ֮ϡ
ҶڵأǺܿ죬
СŮһҶûڳ֡
ԶҶԼסˡ
ԼȻûлȥ
ԼȻ
СŮǸǰˮ𣿡
СŮѾͻˡ
ͻˣ
Ҷٴסˣ
һᣬҶæ鿴һԼȻѾﵽ磡
ôʹﵽ磿
ҶٴϸĸһԼһΣŲͬķ֣ǾԼǳǳĽʵʵ˵ڲѪ֯Ѿʱ䣡
ͺñһھǧ򴸺һ㣡
һĽʵ
˵ʵǿȣѾСǿܣѾСȶѾӦҪһЩʵǲܶ࣡
Ѿ̬˷ָ
ˣСŮͻȻ
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СŮ㾭סˣûô߰ɣ
Ҷ
СŮԼûйҶ
ʱҶͻȻҪҪһߣȥ棿
棿
СŮͣתͷҶ𣿡
Ҷɫˣ


2543 죡
ȥ
ҶЩΪܽǰСŮȥĻʲô̶
һƵ飡
ɽ
СŮҶĻҲЩ⶯
ȻʱСŮԶһ𣬡ɣ
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߿һҶ磬е磬磬Ǹߵ棬ߵ涼ܲסˣοе磿
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ʱСŮͻȻҿѹԼ𣿡
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СŮ΢΢ͷӦûģ
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ʱҶͻȻǰҳȥһչ˺ģҡ
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ɲŵ߿ǳĺˣĹѵ֪Ǻ
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ҶѾľѹ綼ҪѹôãСŮʲô
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սҶһ˲ʱһģ㷭ڵء
Ҷд󾪣ղһ˲䣬оԼػһɳظϮȫ¡
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СŮߵСǰһСȻҡͷѪͷ̫̫ˣ
ԣСʱŭˣ

һǿͻȻСϯֱӳСŮѹȥ
Сδ֣Ȼ֪СŮΪʲôǣȻˣܾҶʶˣǡ顱ġ
СŮܣǹѹϣ׼ȷ˵ǣǹճϱֱʧˡ
ʧĸɸɾ
һĻСסˡ
СŮҡҡͷתȥ
ԭأСĿŲԶ
뿪Сĵ̺СŮǿŻԪǰǿŻԪСŮΪ棬ǿԡ
˵ţһУһöԪֱӷɵУȻҧһڡ
һ̣ǻԪʱŭˣ
Ҷժӵģ
һǿֱǻԪ𵴶ǿĿ꣬СŮ
СŮҧһڹӣһǻԪվǹϡ
һϢСŮվɳŹӡ
Ԫ˺һᣬģָƽ
СŮժһöӣȻתȥ
ԭأǻԪһԡ
СŮ뿪ǿŻԪǰǿСŮĿйϡܿ죬еŻԪѾꡣҪȥժйʱһйͻȻԶȻƮСŮǰ
СŮǳȻĽӹйܿ죬ˡʱһйƮǰ
СŮӹйһһ̣һӣһصסǿ
Գһռ䣡
Գһ磡
һ̣ǿֱӷˣ
Ϊһ̣ѾƬάƣȻûгάķΧǣѾάķƣûޣ
ϲ
˿̵ĸо
˵С׻Сںúһ£ͻ᳹׵׳ԼΪڳĴڡ
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ʵ֤ǲһ
СŮ˼öӣ˼һôʶȤԼҪǲʾһ£е˵ȥ
СŮŹתȥܿ죬Ƭ
ϣһСŮա
ſһ֮
СŮտһСŮȻָָԼǰ֮𣿡
СŮһգҡͷ
˵ţԥ£Ȼ˵ԼеĹӣ𣿡
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ʲô
СŮ˺һᣬȻ
գգۡ
СŮüͷ˺һᣬȻ죬ά棬оأұһ㡣
죡


2544 е죡
СŮȻ̸Сһ̸˺þúþá
ƬȻСŮЩɵСŮֺƽһ˿׵Ҳޡ
СŮôںڴ
⣬Ҷ뿪Ԩ֮ûз̺ˡ
ȻԷѾȥ
ҶЩϧΪѾ磬Ǿ磬Ҳﵽ磬ңǿȣС
Էսһ
ս
ں볩һս
ϧǻǿȴѾ뿪
ҶûԨת뿪Ԩ
һΣսǡ
δսͱһ߸
֮ǰ赲ǿߵ֮һܹǻǿߣ֣߳
Ҷ΢΢һ񣬡֮ǰлǰ
ߴһҶȻ㲻ܽǣ
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ߵѾսˣ
Ҷ㵵ұսˣ˭ɵģ˭ɵģ
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ʱһ׹ͻȻǵ׹ٶ֮죬ҶûзӦֱӺϡ
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һըҶֱӷɵ⡣
ϣҶſڵһ
ʱߵҶǰҪ𣿡
Ҷ̧ͷһۣоһ˫۾ע
ҶջĿ⣬ɫᣬֻһᣡ
߿һҶһ̾뿪ɡ֮ǰһΣѾ˹ءңŽ֮飬ս粻ϣԣ̵ˣŽڵսӣѾʱս磬ûн֮ǰǱֹս磡
ҶĬ
ֵŽջӶˣʱֻҪָսݣͻ˱һ
Ҷ̧ͷһʣȻЦˡ
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λû䣡
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˵ȥԨ𣿡
ҶЦô
˳ĬƬ̣ȻҲĨˣ֪Ԩʲôҡ
ҶҡͷǸҲ֪

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ϱѾµˣ
µˣҶЩ棬ôµģ
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ҶЦ£뿪֮ûʲôˡ
ϱ࿴һҶʵԲڻعŽڵģ츳ʵֻҪԸڲֹŽڵ飬˾Իᱣġǲ㣬ҿϼҳ棬ȥϼңֻҪȥϼң̾ûа취
ҶҡͷһЦ⣬ˡǣҲ֪ŽЩڶޱȵΣ뿪ô죿ǶΪ̵ġ
ϱˡֱԣȥҲı䲻ʲôǾӪ꣬ʹϼҲ޷ȫ͸ǡһΣŽڶ˵ڱصõģǻ᲻ϧһд¹ŽڣռǴأΪȼ֮һ
ҶЦҾսһս
ϱһ̾û˵ʲô
ҶŮһۣǣҪһֱս𣿡
ϱᣬҲŴ
˵⣬뵽ʲô˶٣ֵȥ壿
Ҷһϱ࣬ȻԷѾ֪ݡҶЦȥ
ôϱʡ
Ҷ壬ǿλ峤ɲ⡣
ϱŮĬ
ҶֵңڲֻһǺŽᡣȣкֲܶͬ
ʱһһֱĬҶ֪ͻȻʵҲŽᣡ
ҶҶ֪Ҷ֪
飿Ҷ⡣
ϱЦһƣһκκ֯κˣ̣ʹǻ̼ҲǴȵҪԭΪǲĻǲġȻ֮鲻ø˼ڲ飬ΨһþǶԿ塣

Ҷʣλ֮ģϼ𣿡
ŮһۣȻҡͷҲ֪
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ˣϱʡ
Ҷ˵ͷŽڳˡҵϻȥλˡ
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ԭأŮһۣȻһ̾
Ҷ뿪սʱڡ
СŲ̊һǷ̨૵ôеأ


2545 
Ƭ֮󣬻ûգˣСǷ̨Ȼתȥ
Ƿ̨΢΢һָƽ
Ժڵһжܺ棬ǳĺ棬ʲôҪ
صСŮ˵ԼǶѾѺ󣬺ڵЩ޻Щʱʾӭ
ڵ֪Լĵ̺һˮΪԼĵ̣Ҳһ뽣ڲԶȻٲԼŪһݣңԪᵽԼǰ
Ȼûзģ
һݣٲǰ
ҶȫǷεģȻҲûʵСŮ
ңҲûʱȥСһ
ٰ£Ӧһ£ǾѵСȴ
ǺСȴʹˣ
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ᣡ
һʱ䣬ڣ
⡣
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ŽڣڿҶʱϵ˶ʱһ
ڵҶǹŽڵĹǣǾԲܳһģ
֮ǰҶʧһ㣬ʱǿǽֵġһҶ£Žڻǰǿûκεֿˣ
ҶȰŮ˳ŮڹŽڵҲرȤֱתȥڤŮˡ
ŮߺҶ򽣾ʲô£
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Ҷüͷ΢壬˵ϸ㣡
˵ͷڲǰҹŽһλͻȻ겻ڣͷͰڷڹŽɽ£ֻǿʼԽԽĵӲĿǰΪֹѾжʮŽڵϢˡڹŽڣرţѾĲȶˣ
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ͷˣǣûа취ΪʹɻеȥϳԳأǣʹҲûҵֵˡܹ죡
ҶҪ˵ʱһŽڵ߽˴֮УŽڵӿҶʱ㶣Ȼ񣬡
𣿡Ҷʡ
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Ҷߣҡͷ
ҶջĿ⣬Ȼʩչ˽
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ǰʱ򣬲ߵĲͷһ֮ԲͷΪҶͷĻܵġ
ȻǱȽģˣͷѡҶ׼

վǰϣбһ֮ԴƬ׳֮ûȱ֮
ڿҶʱ۾һæܵҶǰ磡
ҶתתȻЦպ񳤴Щأ
գգۣ𣿡
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նʱҶһڣȴҶһ
æգСѾͷԴЩ֮ʱʱԶ磬绹еֲģȻǣҲԲֻ
һԣ쿴һҶû˵
ҶЦߵԣǸס𣿡
쵭°ɣ
ҶЦݽӲСŮܶʱûûΣѾһСŮǣҶ֪ʵĺܣǳǳĳ죡
ѾЩһܶʱеʣ
Ҷɫң̣
û˵
ҶֵģһصˣԷҹŽɱˣԷÿζܹϢңýҲܲԷκεĴڡ⡭
ͻȻֿܣһԷʵ̫̫࣬ڶ֣ԷĹط߱ʲôֶΡܹӹȻԷпҲһ򡣡

ռ
һ̣Ҷ뵽ǺȹŮӣ
Ҷ֪ռ𣿡
ͷ
ҶʣǸܣ˵˵ռ𣿡
쿴һҶΪʲôҪ˵أ
Ҷ
ֵЩСӹҼҵ飬Ҳͣ
СҼң
ҶߣŽ֮飬ǰСҼң
ҶȻڣַšҪ޵С
ʱȥˣҶǰһʱȥˣǰ
쿴һҶ𣿡

ҶգգۣȻæͷᣬᣡ
Ҷ쿪ʼˣ
߱죬һʼţĵ˿ռ򡭡
νĿռҲһάΪǽάռϵģ˵ռˣǿʱݳάռġֻܸάռ䣬άռ֮Ŀռ䣬Ǹܲġߵ
ҶӹȻĵʵô˵ռ޵ˣ
޵У
ЦССһռ޵иʲô֪֮Уʲô𣿡
Ҷ룬Ȼ򣿡
쿴һҶƤú񣡡
Ҷ
һָ֮УûǿΪǿ벻ǿȡˣǿûҲܹնɱӵˡԣ˶ǿǣһЩ򣬻ǷǳģպСЩΪá
ʲô򣿡Ҷæʡ
һΪɹܣɹܣܹάռġӵˣҲ
ΪΣҶ⡣
άֲǰ׳գôܸɣ
Ҷʣǡ
飡
ʱͻȻһŲȱԼµǿ
俴һҶܲҰѻ˵ꣿ
Ҷ
򣬻һַǳʱ򣬿תʱգʱֵȻеƿأһãͻԼһ֣򣬿ɿ꣬һʩչе궼ƣˣһ֣һ򣬿ɽɲ֮ж
˵⣬ͻȻҶ֪ʲô𣿡
Ҷҡͷʣʲô򣿡
Ҳ㣡
Ҷ


2546 ͷ­
컹û˵Ҷθڣ
Ҷ֮Уһƥڱڣ
ס
ס
ҶǿһЦݣǻع黰⣬Ҫôƽռأ
쿴һҶƣֱǿƵԷ򣡡
ҲԷô죿Ҷʡ
ʵǿռ򣬶˼Ҳ˼Ҳûа취
Ĺؼ
ԭҲǣûʲô취԰ӵпռŮҳ
ߵţڵʵԷҪԼĻҳԷ
ҶĬ
޽ˣ
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ʲôҶæʡ
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ҶƽԼ飬ԴǰһǧӲӲ̷쭣һ쭣ûֹܹġ
壡
ҶߵǰЦȶѾǻǴһôѾҲǳϲģǻԶһЩһ϶ܺģ
룬Ȼܲ
Ҷæ϶ģʱǷΪӣȻ󿴿ıߵĺãô
쿴һҶȻ뷨С
Ҷ뵽ʲôȻһ̾һԡ
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˵⣬ͻȻվ㻹ֹĵطĿռ䣬ô治ǾͻٵֹƬռ䣬Ŀռ飬ڸܣͿĿռܵϢˡ𣿡
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ΪǺȹŮȻܹվάռ䣬ǣԷûάռ䣬Ҳ˵ԷվҪصάռģڣ޲𹥻ĿֻһǾǹʲôռ䣬Ӷտ
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˿̣ѾڹŽϿգ
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ռ뽣ͬùĶ࣬ر䷽档֮ǰǺȹŮԼٴγ֣ʹý򸲸ǹŽڣҲҵԷ
ԷһҲǲκοռ䲨ģ
ϧȹŮ̫ţԼĿռ̫ˡ֪Ҷʩչ˽ǾҪ֣
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ҪҵԴ
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2547 С
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쿴һҶҲ棿
ҶɫȻҸ㣬ڵṳ̂·ʱҵǳΪһΰ֣ңһǸٰһϧΪ棬Ҳò̤·

գգۣúܶܶ˶𣿡
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Ӧú˼ɣ
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쿴һҶ
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ҶóǱŵԣȻģѽ˷ӡˣûеõȫͷţʵⲻˣܲܰҽһ°ȻΪǾˣǼ壡
˵ţ͵͵һ죬ΪЩš
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˵ţָһָĽ
䣡
һǿĽ뽣ͻȻڳб


2548 һаã
뽣һ𱬷ܿ죬СһĨǹǿĽ뽣ֱʧ
ָĽ֮ϡ
ҵĲţ
˺һᣬ･ƽ

ʱͻȻ죬Щ˼أ
ʲôҶæʡ
⽣ӡ⽣ˣʵеԵġ
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Ǳ˳ȻѾ⿪ķӡˣһûн⡣ֻԼųɵ
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ҡͷ֪ңҵĸоǣԷӡȥĽ⣬⽣Ľ⻹ڣЩˡڵȻһƽҲһ㡣ǿԵģңǲҪģ̫ͼˣ
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Ĭһ˲Ҷָһ㣬һƽ⻮ʣֱûƬɫȦȦ֮СȻƽ֮ûиƬɫȦȦκβ
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Ҷüͷ壬ٴδ߶ӡӡֱӻһ⳯ƬɫȦ𵴶ȥǺܿ죬Ҷɫ䣬æջӡ
ΪӡɹȥʱƬɫȦȦͻȻŨţһɫ׶ǺɫȦȦ֮˳

Ǳ׶ӣӴ
Էǲֱӡ
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ΪΣҶ⡣
̵ӣ̲򵥣ɹŽڣҲǸ˵飬ȵ飬˵ȶ˵Щͬ˵ģɹŽڣǵ棬ҲΪ˶Կһ塣ԣǲֵġбҪЩ˻Գְ̡͵ԣ
ҶĬƬ̣ȻǶԻ֪٣
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ǰҶĬˡ


2549 ˡֱԣ
ҶǾᣬڣǻȵһЩ֯
Щ֯ǻȵģǺġЩ֯ƽʱκȵ飬ֻǲҲֻΪ
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Ϊǰǿƣǻ峤
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ⴴʼ˽ʲôʲôʵЩһжδ֪ģ
Ϊ̫̫ˣ˵ڵĹŽڵӣǽ֪Ҳȫ֪
Ҷԣŵ̤꣬磬ں粻ͬĽɣȻԼĽΪ˲ýһûȥ˽ڣҵϧǣ֪ʲôϹʱȫû˼أûκμأ
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ҲСײͬĳһֻ磬ŪһµĿռ䣬µĿռ䣬ûκƣɳɳ
˵ûޣ
С׵ǵĳɳٶȣ
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ʱڻ̽𱳺һŲ
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һڻ̽𱳺𣬡ˡֱԣ֣һֻʮ


2550 ҽһУ
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̽ŽŮӰΣͻȻ΢΢̧ȻŽСŮһѹɲǼ䣬һǿϢ֮𵴶
ˣڽŮԶ̺ǿߣ
ˣǵ׷ɱҶˣ
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ǿͻȻƬ֮ϯ˵Ŀ꣬ǽСŮ
СŮվǣޱ顣
ܿ죬ǿϢֱӽǽСŮû
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һֻǿͻȻ֮׹£
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СŮֳǰһ̽Ȼһץôһץֱӿסǻ̽ĺ
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СŮǰǻ̽ǰŮ㾿˭
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ʱһģĺӰϿգģĺӰԣһɫ׶ӣ

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СŮ建գܿ죬ǻ̽ⲻҪ
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СŮЦΣҪǼһ֣ܲܽɱң
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֮ǰŽ֮԰Ȼ£ΪŽôһλǿߣҲǹŽֻҪţЩЩ˾ͲֻҪû䣬ǾһвһأɱµЩӣЩεֵ
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Žλ֮󣬻û˼ɵΧЩҲû˼ɵʼˡȻû뵽Ҷôһʣ
⻹⣬ǰСŮ
Ȼڣѷû֣֣ǾԲܵģ
Ƭ̣̽ΣЩ飬СһԼȥһԲ֣ɰȡԼΣ
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СŮĬƬ̣Ȼתȥܿ죬ʧ˵֮Уȴǻǳ֣ȱ֤ȼȮ
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СŮĬãȻҪ뿪һʱ䣬ˡ
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ܸˣ
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Ҷ˵ͻȻɽ뽣е飬ҽһУѧѧ
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2551 罣
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̵Ļ𣿾ԲᣡΪôϵİ
ܹĶԶǷǳǳõĶ
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Իأɱһе
ǣ죬Уƣ


2552 õ£
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귽ʩչⷽʱֻ˵죬־ɱ˶Է
Ҷǵ仰Ļ;Բģ
ϧһ̣ǰδеͣ
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˵ţϱ࣬ѾͷǺѵң˵ɣʲô£
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2553 ս
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Զǻ̽ͻȻЦȵһɱ֯Чȷʵԣ


2554 ʲô
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ʱһҶ𣬡֯һɱ֯ΪأƽʱҲܵ͵ûԹû뵽һǾȻ̣
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һĻԶǻ̽ɫʱôĸò
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2555 Ԩ
ڣüͷ΢̧ͷգʵǿ棬ૣԨ𡣡
ʶǸһԣպʡ
΢΢ͷǰ·ĵʱҪҳ֡
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ΧҶ˿ҲܵǵǿϢתͷһۣʾͷһӴӰ߳
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Ҷ޷ΪΧ޾Ļ壡
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2556 ̽
Щ˴˿̶עŲԶĹŽڣ
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ΪҶ֮ǰֵʵ̫ˣ
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һɫ׶׹䣡
̽


2557 ˣ
˵Ŀ֮УһӰ˹ŽϿա
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ٴοһҶĸʵǿڵĺǼɵʲôܿջĿ⣬ٴοҶʵȻЩǣΪһ֮ûжҹŽڵ棬Ҳûж½޵Ľǡ鲻ܹ࣬ŽδΣϣǶܹҪûеĽҲĪҪû˹Žڵ֡
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2564 ޿֣

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2565 Ӵ㣡
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ڴԼʱҶͻȻվһ̣Уһ⽣
е⽣ҶɫΧĿռҲһ̽
罣
ɹ罣νķ罣򣬾ǽ뽣СԼĽڣȻͨϼѹǴﵽʱ䣬ڣҪԼеĽϣ
ҪԽ
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ȻͬĵطǾǷǳ
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ҶеǱ⽣ͻȻըѿ֮һըѿĻһε˲ǽҶ˳ȥһɣ֮Զ
ޱ޼Զ
ҶſڿУֻұѪ
ڣЩɸ֣һѵͲỻ𣿽Խ뽣ͨ㽣һ֣ҪȥǿȻǿӸͿԳɽġѿӷƨ
һԣգգۣʣС㣬ʲôѿӷƨ
ûǶһ٣һ
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գգۣǺܶףȥˡ
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֮󣬺ѾȫʶҶˡ
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Ҷ˽ʱԼ˻ָ߰˳ɡ
ָ֮Ҷվ

ҶԽ򣬱УҲһУ
ǣҶٴοʼˡ
ȻϧǣγԣǽһԼĽӦ˵Сʵ̫̫ˡ
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֮У˳Ĭ
֪˶ãҶеǱɽ۶ɵĽͻȻ֮俪ʼ֮ǰһǣ岢δ

ҶԼеĽ
һ̣ͻȻ֣ԼĽԼĽҲ˵Լһְң򣬲Գһ򣬵ȻԳһҲǿԵģǣĺǽǰ

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ҪԽ򣬾ͱԽΪģΪģȻҪԳһ򣬾ͱΪģõҶϲ
ڵȻûԽ򣬵ǣѾһЩŵ

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ҶΪģΧĿռͻȻ֮Ǻܿ죬ЩռָֻеĽȴܿ죬Ǳʵûã˷
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ɹˣ
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еԳһȻƣʵֶҲ޷͡
⽣ҶɨһܣںսһսԼ򣬿Σ
ϧûˣ
ҶƽһԼ飬Ȼ˽
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2574 ò
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ΪڵֻܿԼû㹻ʵ֮ǰܵ͵õ͵һ㣡ңķܶȦӣûʵûʸ룬ҲҪȥǿڣȥǿڣ˼Ҳ㣬ǣʵˣ㲻ȥǿڣ˼ȻȻľͻ㣡
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ʼ磬˵ʲô
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Ҷһڣڸоζһζһ

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棬ףһЦûйҶžƣй
ҧһй̰ɷ羰óȥ϶ܹһüǮ
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ԶҶĨĨǵѪȻеĽ˵ϣ̧ߣһλ


2579 ˣ
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ջǸ޵Сһ뿪˵Ҷ޵ϡﻩġ

뿪֮󣬺бӡԶ⿪
̤һãã֮УԶͷվһСŮСŮ
СŮ㣡
쿴һ㣬һƷܹﵽ̶ֳȣ˲ˡ
ת죬һ죬Ȼǿ뵽һޡ
ЦҼ
΢΢ͷоΣ
ߵǰЦһǿĽޣһӦóʱĽޡϧ
ϧʲôʡ
ЦѾţֻʣһǿǼ˵ģҸϲСӡȻСӵĽûǿ󣬵ǣˣĽ飬ζһСӱ룬Ҳʧɣ
Цȷʵʧģ
΢΢ͷˡȻҪˣ
˿ΧգѾ䲻ȶʲô
㿴һ죬û°ɣ
˿̣ͷ֮ϣǸѾѪɫġ
Цû£Ҳ״̬ʹоңҪɱңֻɰա
ĬϢȻأ
ЦЦ̧ͷһˣ
ܿ죬ʧ˳С
Уͷһ·Լأ
ܿ죬Ҳ
·
ڣҶǰĬã뵽ʲôϷһĨЦݣȻվ
ʱ棬飬ǼϹӵȫǰ
Ҷס
ˣ
һڳжȻ쳹
һĽһĸо
УһڣУһ
ڵĸо
һ
ǸоҶı仯Ǳ￪ʼҲģҶⲻɢ˳Щ⾡ӿǱ֮С
ЩԼģӦ˵Ҫģ
Ҷע£޾ĽӿǱ֮УڣǵǱļޣһɢ
ͻȻֱӻһûҶü䡣
ҶֱӽӲ
һ̣Ҷ˫Ȼһϣ˼ʹı飬ʱһƽ˳üֱֱ£ܿ죬ƽҶǰҲλã
ƽͣһ˲һ̣ƽֱӴҶ࣡
һ˲䣬Ҷֱֱȥ
ңԶ֮磬ĳ£һ޽ŵͻȻ̧ͷĳĬãͻȻЦʵܼס𣿡


2584 ȥȥ
ܶʱ򣬲ѡʵҲˡ
֮ԸҶźܴĹϵҪ˵Ǹʱ֮ΪҶãΪС
ûĳҶ
Ǻܴģ
Ϊ뱻Ϊãв𣬲һ㡣
ڣǱֱֱҶ࣬Ҷֱӵ˵ϡ

ٴθܵϢ
֮ʹ
ʹ껹ϵʹȫһҲйʹһκֱӣΪǽľ࣡
ûлٵ࣬һһ롣
٣
ÿһ֣Ҷʹͻ
Ҷ˫ֽţʹ㣬㾿Ҫʲô
⽣ڸıɱ
Ǳûлش𣬻һһ롣
ܿ죬֮УѪȻӿĽ֮С
ȻǾòֽ˴
ͣ
֮УһѪֱ˽֮С
ת˲
ͣ
һҶü仺˳
ͨ죡
ﾲڿУûã佣֮ϵѪʧָ˱ģ
Ҷڵϣ֪˶ãǲ԰׵ɫŽָ
ҶվʱǱֱӳǰס
Ҷȫסˡ
Ϊһ̣ԼһôȻ֮⣬оԼﾹȻͨ
ָоԼ֣ʲôֻҪһͷֻ
Լһ֣

һ̣Ҷ֪ԼΪˣ
ڵĸҲĵӦ֣Բ֮ǰܹȵģرڵʵѾǵȣ
ҶеĽ΢΢һЦһ̣Ǳֱӻһʧǰ
ֱӽ
϶Ϊһ
һΣ֮룬֮
Ҷʣµһ棬һ顣
Ҷһӣһָ̣Ρ
棬飡
ŮҶû˵
ҶЦУǲǽˣɷָˡ
˵ţ˫֡
뽣һۣһ̣Ҷ˫֮У
еҶ΢΢һЦ飬á
һЩܶܶôãڻţԼŵʱúϧԼӵеһУ
ǽ滹ǽףʧȥ
ڼڵʵѾʲô𲻼

УǿһҲûʲôãǿһľͷȻ޵УǰҲǣûộ
Ȼøл죡
Ҷû뿪֮Уڿյģϣڷӡ
ģ
һӣڻõڵƬöڵƬҶ²⣬ӦǶѾġ
ǸѾģ
һǸģ
ޱˮġ
ҶߵǺǰƨ治֪ʱ˽СǺӣȻҶ
ˣϧ첻ã
ҶյСԴЦЦȻǺӣûԥ˺ӡ
ڵĶʱҶʱסˡ
ȷʵһŵ
һŻ˵ĵ
һŽɫĵֻȭͷ󣬵ƣѾȱһ顣
ɶ
ҶĿ˿Ȼʧˡǵ棬ʲôҲûУ
տˣ

Ҷ̲סһ
ʱǽɫͻȻѿҶע£ķѣȻɢҶǰ߿飡
Ҷһ飬ϸ˿Ȼûзʲôر֮
Ҷüͷ΢壬е㲻ΪŵôͨĻǾԲġһ㶫ϵġ
Ȼˣҷ֤Բ򵥣
ǣﲻأ
ҶҡҡͷǵǷ˻ȥЩɻ󣬡⾿˭ĵأ
Ҷ뿪ݣӣûߡ
ǿŵǣ϶⡣
Ҷ뿪֮ڣԭѾɢĵͻȻָ֮ԭ״
õһŵ
ǿŵںڲϱı
ϧһĻҶղδ
Ҷ˷̨ϣ˿̣޶ڡУСѾˡ
ҶĿСţϣСţŸͷ䡣
СţҶסСס
Сף
޶ҶȻõҶĻش
Ҷ΢΢һЦܿͻˣжѾ
Ѿ
֣޶ʱ鲻ԽĴ˸
ʱҶ뿪˺
˿̵ûгȣһռ䴫ͨС
ҶЩˡ
ΪЩףԷʹ͵ĵطʲôȥҪƨˡ
ãһܿס
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ȣ
ҶɨһܣȻֱʧԭء
ܿ죬Ҷ˹ŽڣȻŽѾΪһƬ棡
ˣ
Ҷɫ˲ȥʶɨһܣȻѾһƬĹŽûκ
Լˣ
Ҷ˫ֻʱҶұ߲ԶͻȻһȹŮӣ
㡭Ҷ㵵
ǰȹŮѪŮ
ѪŮһҶ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ˹ȥ
ѪŮҶһ޾ɽѪŮɽ
غѪŮҶһɽǰָһ㣬һĨѪ⼤ܿ죬ԶɽڵͻȻѿȻһͨ˵ǰ
֮ͨһƬ֮С
ڣҶϤף
ڤŮѩϡ
Žڴ󲿷ݵӶڤŮҲ
ЩˣҶһ
ҶѪŮѪŮ֮ǰ뿪úұŽڵȳˣ뿪ŽڣǸطóڵʵزסǿֻװ׵ر㲻ڵ¡ԣֱ뿪
һԣѩ˹ǰ뿪ˡ뿪󲻾ã̵ǿ߱ȥ˹ŽڣһΣ۷ǿλȻˡѾ뿪ȻЩ˶⣡
Ҷ΢΢ͷɨһܣȻﰲȫ𣿡
ѪŮҪ˵ʱҶͻȻתͷȥѪŮǲȫˣ
棬ǿϢϯ
ȻѾˣ
ҶתһۣȻȥȥ
£תʧ˲Զ


2585 һ󵨵뷨
Ҷ߳ɽ⣬ɽϿգʮˡ
Ϊ׵һߣһǿߣҶպʶߡ
½Ҽߣ
½ˣ
ߣֻˣЩȻǻ̵ˡ
ʱҶԡһۿЩˣȻ½ңңϼң֯ˣ
һΣȵļĿŵĳˡ
Ҷ΢΢ͷ
ϼˣ
Ҷҵ˲ûУ
Ҷ˼
УҶʱ½üͷʱҶ㾹Ȼˣ
Ҷջ˼̧ͷ½ңЦʧˣ
ҡͷʧȻˣǾһ˰ɣʡʱ䣬㡭
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
ɽ֮Уһֱ
У½ͫȻһһֽ̣ճȭȻԼǰ͵ؾһ䡣
䣡
һȭ£һǿȭâɽһ𵴶
ʶΪ֮
Ȼǵ⵽ȭâֱӱ˺ѷ飬һ̡
䣡
ͻȻһţһӰֱӷ˳ȥ
½ߣ
ڷɳȥĹ֮УɽڳзնԴֱӷ˳ȥ
ѪڿУһķȡ
һž
ǿ߾ĿҶ
ܿ죬һڳ𣬡ȳ
£ʣµЩ˾Ҫ뿪ʱԶҶͻȻҡͷһҲߣ
䡣
ͣ
ǻ

һҽʱ쳹
̶Ϣʱ䣬Ѿ鲼ʬƬ
·Ѿľ
˿ҶʵѾİˣ
УҶն
ԣ
ǽ뽣ף˿̣Ľ⸲ǰ
Ľӳ£õ˴ļǿ˵ڵǿ
ĽǣѾȫһ
ûã
ԸЩˣò
УҶתصɽ£ѪŮǰ㣬տ
ѪŮһҶҪȥǣ
Ҷͷ
ǣѪŮ
ҶЦ飬ꡣսǻԽԽǿԣұҳȥĿͻϣһͻᰲȫһЩ
ѪŮĬ
Ҷ뵽ʲôֵ㣬ڤŮ뿪ɡ֮ϾҪսҪˡ
ѪŮһҶǽģ
ҶЦЩˡ
ѪŮ΢΢ҡͷͱˡȥɣңҪæ
˵꣬ѪŮתȥ
ԭأҶĬƬ̣ȻҪ뿪ʱԶĽͻȻյ˪Ϣ
Ҷ򽣾˪Ϣ
΢΢ͷҲ֪ôҴϢ˼СѾǱߺܵƤòͻˣ
Ƥ
Ҷ㵵Ǳʲô
ҡͷȷеĲֻ֪֪СһܵƤУҲˣԣܹ˶ãǾͻ

ҶĬãȻҲãҲСһˡϵϵǻʱȥǣ
˵꣬Ҷתȥ
ԭأһҶȥķЩڴˡ
ڴС׹
С׹ζָܹԭĿˡ
ʱܹҶֻܰҶһ¹ŽڵһЩ¡
ڴ
ɽڣѪŮڤŮŮס
ѪŮŮһۣȻðɣˡ㡭ܳˡ
ԣŮɫʱѿ

Ҷ뿪ɽûֱȥһս硣
ս磬Ҷ֪
һɽ۱Ե
лҶͻȻ
Ҷ֪ҡͷҲΪ忼ǡʵ֤ΧŽڵûеõôûеõô۽ǣҶ׬ˡ
˵ţҶҪֱ࣬Ѿ˳˼̳ˡ
Ҷ΢΢һĬãΪŽ𣿡
Ҷ֪ͷȻҶδļ̳ˣǣ֪ģеϹֻҪڣǾͲռ塣ҲȰϼңϧϼҲûġΪ˲ڼ֮Ϊѣ˼֮λ
ҶϼûΪɣ
Ҷ֪ҡͷᣬֻ˳˼Ȩġ˵Ҳһ£ϾҲô뵱Ǹνʲô
˵ţҶأλʲô
ҶһЩ顣
Ҷ֪һҶû˵
ʱҶҶֱ֪սǡ
սսǣһŮӱǳǰ
ŮӣսλԨˡ
ǰλŮӣƮƮǻ˻̽
ԨһҶ˵̶ڽս硣
ҶҲµġ
ԨҡͷҲУ뿪ɡ
ҶһָһӣһӺҾ뿪Σ
ԨһҶȻתȥ
ҶսǣٴǸ½ֵС֮Уˡ
֪Ҷкιɣ˵
ҶҪأ˵ǵĴӪģ
С֮ͻȻĬˡ
ã˵һ̣𣿡
ҶҡͷЩˣˡ
˵ˣܻ⵽ĳЩ˳֡
ҶЦǳֵģңҲ֣Ǹ֡
Ǹ飬ţڵӦöѾ֪ˡ
ھҪ飡
壬ɾûˣ
Ⲣ죬ʱ򣬵öıͨҲöĽơ
б˲ռ˵
һӺҶ뿪Сݣ뿪սǡ
սǳǽϣԨҶȥıӰޱ飡
վһߣҶߡ
΢΢ҡͷϧˣ
Ԩ˫ۻսȱľԶǿսˣҶʵġҶս磬սԼպضΪΪǿսʿ
ĺǿ
رڵ
ʹҶʱҲ˵Լٷܹ֮ʤˡ
֪Ԩ룬϶ֵġ
ΪǰλԨˣΪսܴܵˡ
ս絽ڣһֱܴܵˣ
֮ԾÿϧΪսʧȥһսܳΪսĵˡ
ս磬ػȣ
ڵҶŽȣֻսǣ˭ܱ֤һ첻Ϊȵĵˣ
ãԨ΢΢һ̾תȥ
⣬Ҷ̧ͷһգ뵽ʲôǷһĨЦݣܿ죬ʧԭء

ĳ֪ĵط
ֵϣ
һβСŮվڽֵϣСŮһӡŻͼTһţУһ˫覵СЬ
СŮϣһŲ˹ĵëСһ
˿̣Сһһ˲˲ĶŲԶŶӣŶȡǮ
ʱСŮͻȻָָŶӴһ̨ǵֽǴģǸʲôңɫֽܶණĺֽ
ë׵СһգգۣȻ˵СԴľʯﲻǺãǺɫֽã
ʱСŮˣǸĸӵĳҪʮɫֽҲ˵ҪòʮǸɫֽҪɫģɫҪʮţɫֵǮ
˵⣬С˶壬Ǹ̨Сףһ󵨵뷨ɹˡ


2586 ˵ֻɱˣ
ë׵Сһ￴СŮСŮɹˣǸĸӵĳǵˣϲĶǶˡ
СŮĻë׵Сһ۾ʱˡ
ܿ죬֧СŮκ뷨
СŮǸɫСһǼҵꡣ
Ŷӣ
ܶصŶӣ
ֵСŮӴСŮһŮӣŮ¶΢ЦСѣҪʲô
СŮָҪʮźɫֽ
Ůӱ齩Ӳסˡ
ܿ죬Ů΢΢һЦСѣһأ
СŮü΢һ˲𣿷ģҴߡ
СŮϣǰɫëСһ˵ͷʾõģǴߣ
ڶණߣ
СŮǰŮӿһСŮë׵СһĿë׵Сһ϶ͣһᡣ
Ŀɰأ
ʱСŮЩͷҰɣһҪȥǸһ
ŮջĿ⣬СŮСѣĿأҪҿҲܸȡǮأ

СŮüͷʲô
һ̣ŮɫЩ䱸ˡ
ʱСŮתͷһұߣһӵݸǰһλŮһſܿ죬ŮӰѿݻӣ˿һĺɫֽ
СŮգգۣȻתͷǰŮӣǸûпܽҵ𣿲࣬ʮֺֽͿˡһỹģ
Ůӣ

ȣս硣
Ҷû뿪ս磬ս籱ߵǸԨ
Ҳĵط
Ԩܿ죬Ҷء
ʱ߳Ҷǰ
ɲĹ
ȥˣҶʡ
ĹһҶȥһط
ҶʲôĹȴҡͷǴγ֣Ѿ¶ԼˡϴǺܺãҲˣ飬Բ֣ǣ飬ڸܲ֡뿪ɡ
ԭأҶĬãϱ˱ȭȻתȥ
ĹԣʲôˣǾԲܹȥ͵ġȥֻ׸
Ҷȥ֮󣬲Ĺһ̾뿪˵أ
Ĺԣɲ㣬ұɱӡֺڱ׷ɱأȴΪǰɱ
Ĺҡͷ˺ԼֵĺȻǳˡ֤ǿش˵ģɱ֮£ǰˣ
ɲҡҡͷԨ֮ʱҾ͸Գ֣

Ҷ뿪Ԩ
ûս綺뿪ս磬һΣֱн硣
ϼнһ壬˵ϼҲǿһ硣
Ϊһλ֮
Ҷϼϳ⣬һ߱ǳǰ
۷ǿߣ
߿һҶ֪Ҷݹкָ̣
ҶЦָ̲ҵѡ
ҡͷϼûҶѣ
Ҷֱӿżɽϱࡣ
ҡͷ£¿뿪ˡ
Ҷһߣһֱ̣ӳߵǰɫ䣬Ҫ֣ʱҶڣ⽣Ȼ֣
罣
ŷ罣һǽֱһ˲䱻뽣ĩ߸˷˳ȥɳȥ꣬Ѿˣ
Զ꾪ĿҶ㡭
˿̣ѾԸӵĵز
۷壡
ҶȻղŵĽֻ֣һغϣֱӲҰܣ
ҶѾǿ̶ֳ
ҶһߣȻһΣҪĿѣȻҵĿĿܾҪˡ磬ɱˣɱ棡
ԣɫ˲ѿ
ʱɽͻȻҶࡣ
ûнҲûн⣡
ȴʢˣ
УҶɨһܣûмԼҪˡ
ҶҡͷһЦǾɱɱ˰ɣ
¡
ˣ
Ȼɽֱնߡ
д󺧣ɲǻ̵ˣûǿڵνӵɽ
ʱɽͻȻ߲ͣаɵľ롣
ԶҶұߣұ߲֪ʱվһŮӡ
ϱ࣡
ϱЦþòȵǿˣϲ
Ҷһϱ࣬ϼûΪɣ
ϱҡͷֻǲѡ
Ҷ˵ͷͺá
ȥϱͻȻ롣
ҶҡͷҾͲȥˡ
˵ţԶУڱϣһϼңϣϼʱϼܹһĴ𸴣ȻҶĽһϼˡ
£Ҷתͷϱ࣬ϼΣ㣬Զѡ
˵꣬Ҷһֱӻһʧããʾͷ
档
Ϊ׵ģǱ
ʣʶֱ˺˿
ϿգϱĬ
֪ղ϶նС
Ҷڵʵȫϼҳλ֮ûֹܹˣ
֮Уûֹܹˣ
Ͽգϱһ̾г˵ǡ
ڵҶ̫ǿֲ̫ˣ
رųҪǣⳬѾΪ£һǿĲĶ֡Ӧ˵ҶǰѾȫˣ
ܹѹҶģֻ
Ҷϼҳ֣ڼ˸˵ǾԽϼҵجΣ
Ϊλ֮һ޷֣ϼҶǰֻбķݣ
Уϱһ̾תȥ
Ҷص磬ûлعŽڣֱһ޾ɽ֮С
УҶͷȥ·һƬɽһƬͷ
ҶջĿ⣬һ̣һͻȻ
ͣ
£жʱһ̶˺
ʷ·һ룡
ܿ죬ҶǰһڵĴ
ڿУһгС
ɢ˳ǵĺ⡣
ʱһ˳Ҷǰ
ӵпռŮӣ
ȹŮҶҶ㵹еȻġ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
Ҷ棬ӵпռŮͫȻһһ̣ǰĿռֱӲȻγһĿռڣ
ռͨ뻯
Ȼһ⻮ǺĿռڶʱ飡
ܿ죬˺ȹŮӵǰ
ʱȹŮֱǱֱӴ˺ȹŮӣȻȹŮȴһ¶ûУ
Ѿռ֮У
ȹŮӿҶЦҶΪڳɳҡ
ʱҶͻȻǰһ̣Уһ

һ̳
Խ
һֱ̳Ӵ̴˺ȹŮӵ壬ȹŮûʲô仯һ̣ɫȻ䡭
ͣ
Ҷ䴦Ŀռһ󼤲ֱù֮һ޴ĺڶȻڶգڶΪޡ
ʱǺȹŮӱҶǰ
ҶĽ˺ȹŮӵĲϡ
ƣ
ȹŮҶôܡ
ʱ΢΢һת
ͣ
һžͷ­һѪֱ׷˳ȥ
գ
Ҷҡͷ죬ֻɱˣ˵


2587 Ц
һΣǺȹŮֱ

ȹŮӵĿռ򣬱𵱳ȷʵ˲٣ǣ𵱳ǿ˲֪١
ڼֱǿ˺ȹŮӵĿռ
һΣֱƣ
ǿռĽ򣬶޵еģﵽһ̶ȺǿֱӽƵģ
ڵѾȫռ
źȹŮӵ䣬̾ˣ
ܿ죬һǿϢͻȻҶǰԶţһ˳Ҷǰ
̽
̽俴Ҷԡ
˿̵Ҳ𾪵ģҶ̶ʱڣʵȻﵽ̶ֳȣ
ٶȣʵ̫Щ
̽ջ˼һҶղ㡭
ͣ
ʱһɽڳзն
̽˫΢Уһ̣һɫ׶ͻȻǰ
䣡
һըһͻȻըѿ֮Уһ˿̣Ǳɫ׶ţ޷ڽ磡

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2591 ת
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2592 һߵͣ
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2593 

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ĳͨУͨͻȻһŮһСŮиСһ
СŮеǺ«ֵݸԼϵСһë׵Сһ￴˿Ǻ«ȻԼצеǲ˹ģҡš
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ѾϣСæͷǺܽġ
Ͼһ۶Ѿһѱ㻹ߵĵ˼ҲϣܽУ˼ҵǮ׼ʲôʱ򻹣

Ѿ㶣Ȼƾ½ǮΪʲôҪ
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2594 ϼ
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ҶĿŮӣŮӵԭǽǽйˣҶǶʧ㣬һСС⡣˽ķӡ֮Ѿȫеһ뽣Ҫѣʱ˽ָһ˿Ŀ
һ룿һ˿Ҷüͷ壬ʲô˼
ŮӻԶϸϸһ£
ҶһŮӣȻס˽˫ۻģҶֲƬ̣͵۾ôܣ
ʵģ
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ŮӵĽǺģ彣ǽ֮УĽڵĽ飬ǲȫġ
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Ůӵͷǣ
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ķӡ׽ǣֶһصķӡ

޽硣
ҶѪŮͨɽĴ޽磬֮ԲͼΪӴ̨ȫһЩ
ͼ֪ͣᴫ͵޽ĸطȥ
޽طҶǺ˽⣬ϾûѪŮ˵ǣһЩǿ顣
ѪŮָԶһɽҵ޽һռ䣬޿ռ䣬ӵ޾磬ҾôȥǸط
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ѪŮɣЩ磬ûģҾôȥЩˡ֮ǰһܹϵǺ治֪ʲô£ûš
ҶȥǸط𣿡
ѪŮҡͷȥˣһЩ飬رǸطĽء
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ѪŮЦ߰ɣ
£ֱʧԭء
ûãҶѪŮͣҶɨһܣȻǱˣ
ѪŮͷ
Ҷ룬Ȼܱ˱ȭҶȹŽλ㣬ǡ
ʱҶǰĿռͻȻŤһ̣һӰֱо˳Ӱ˲ǽҶת˲Ҷֱʧ
ǵӰҲʧ
һĻѪŮɫ䣬ʱǰĿռͻȻ˺ѿţҶ˳
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Ҷ˫΢Уʱǵ˻ƵͻȻţ˵Ҷ
Ҷͷ£֪ܷӣ
ߣ
һӣҶϼ
Ҷ


2595 Կ
ҶԣѪŮ̲סЦ
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ֺ
ʱͻȻ뿪޽磡Ȼ
ʱҶͻȻʧԭء
ͣ
һƽڳһ
ܿ죬ѪŮǰĿռͻȻ˿ţҶ˳ϣһڵĶŶ뽣âš
ѪŮһڵĶֻѰˣɷ㣿
ڵĶͻȻҲ࣬ǻΪǵΪ۵ģ
ѪŮ˵ʲôҶȴüͷһ̣Щâʼ

һҽʱڳ쳹
ʱǿϢͻȻܵĿռɢ˳
Ҷüͷĸˡǰ̤һɲǼ䣬һƽ𵴶
ͣ
Уռֱӱ˺ѳһ޴Ŀӣǿڣһը֮쳹
ҶûնɱǣϾ˵ģܵġܹƽȫûҪڵУ
Ҷջ˽뽣âЩռʱʼԶϣܿ죬ҶǰһֳڹȵĺӰ
ģ
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Ĭһ˲ǺӰ΢΢ͷͨҪͨ
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Щĳ֣ܶʱһ˺ͬʱҶ򸲸ǵĿռҲһ̴ըѿ
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ҶĨĨǵѪɨһܣܿ죬ܵĿռ֮ǰǰֱŤ

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ֻѡӲӲΪ˵Ļ޾ı֮УûкõĽ취֮ǰֻѡ磡
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ӡԿл׹䣡
ûã
ҶӡɨһܣˣҺأ
Ĭһ˲һͻȻڳ𣬡Կ


2596 
ǵ𣬳еĿռͻȻٴιŤ
һΣҶɫױ
طû£Ȼ粻ֹ
֪ΪҪǣѾҪˣ
ҶѪһͻȻ֮һ̣һɹǿҶ𵴶
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ʱҶеĽȻ̳

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һ̳Ȼһػһֱ̣ģ翪ʼѡ
һεı֮ǰȫһһΣıԴѾڱ飡
κ磬󣬶Եݻ٣
ڣҶһѾȫܹܵķ룡
һ֮
Ϣ֮󣬳нָƽ
˿̣ҶѪŮѾ뿪֮ǰǸ磬ڵǣ޽磬ղŵģڵʵģ
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ûлӦ
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ѪŮһҶһԽԽͷˡ
ӰҶͲҪǿһλǿˡģ޽粻ڰжֽţʹΣգ棬Ǿ͹ֲˣ
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˵ţֱѪŮǹȥ
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ң޽ȻվȣǣҪΪȴ֣ҶƴǾԲģ
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ʱһͻȻӰ𣬡ʹʹ⣬˶ãλͻʧʱɱָ飡
ԣӰһɨ֮ǰв죡

ҶѪŮ֮кͨڵĴٴν޾硣
һΣ޾ˡ
ҶѪŮ㣬а취ѰҴ㣬˵ϵ
ѪŮĬƬ̣ȻҡͷУѾܲĴˡ
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ѪŮҶа취
Ҷ˵ͷһǰ취İ취
˵ţ̧ͷһۣ΢ƣ޽ҪϤĶ࣬ǿϰæ϶򵥵Ķ࣡
ѪŮҡͷǻæ𣿡
ҶЦǲæҾͲˣҪҪúõ


2597 ɣ

Ҷ˵ܿ죬޾֮пʼ𽣣
˵˵ƻ
ǿĽ뽣硣
ڵ֪޽Ƚ˺Ҳûʲô뷨ΪЩЩˣʵѹʱǲ㽲ģ
ֻʵѹʱŻὲ
ǿĽ뽣ƻΧЩ磬ܿ죬޽綼ʼܵӰˣ
޽鶼ܵˣ
һᣬ֮ǰӰٴγҶǰ
˿̣ӰɢǿҵϢȻĻˣ
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Ҷƨ£
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ӰҶΪ޽β㣿
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Ҫ֪ʹˣǰҲôһһ֮ٵţȻǸЩƨҷһҷƨԽԴƽϢλŭ
ɱҶǣң
ңǼλͬҳ֣Ӧ˵ҶûдﵽʱЩ˶ҳ֡
Ϊһλ֣˲

ҶѪŮһ޾֮У޾˿ھҲţ
ҶѪŮһۣܿ죬޾羹Ȼʼ
ɣ
ʱѪŮǴ㣬磡
ҶɨһܣȻûзŮټ
ʱ翪ʼӦ˵Լٶʧţ
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Ӧ˵Щˣ
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ʱѾԽԽ͸
ҶãҪʧˡ
Ҷæʩչ˽ѪŮ˾Ŀ֮У֮翪ʼһһʧ
ϵʧ
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ôģ
Ҫ֪ƻһƻȫȫһģ
ʱѪŮͻȻ̧ͷ㲻硣
ҶҪ˵ʱɫͻȻˣ
ΪĽȻʼ
ǹص֮ȻʼĽ


2598 һ飡
ɽ
Ҷд󾪣ΪǱɣǻ⵽ص˺ġ
Ҵ⣬Ҷæʩչ˽뽣ֿЩ֮
Ȼûʲô̫Ч
Щ֮ɴڣ
ңĽ뽣Ҳͬڱʳ
ҶԣѪŮüͷ΢壬һ̣ҶͻȻһƬѪ
Ѫ

ѪŮѪЩ֮ʱ赲
һĻҶѪŮһ
ǹ̫֮ˣ¶군
˵֮⣬ѾȫɣΪһƬ֮أ
Ǹ磬ôǰһһ㱻û˵ġ˵ģȻޱ𺳵ģ
ɣ
ŮԴȡԼҪҲ˵ɵԽ࣬ԼԽǿ
뵽صɫ
Ůǿ˵ȻǺ£
ȻҪĿҵ
ҶѪŮѪŮ΢΢ͷ˫ۻܿ죬ΧĿռ䷺󲨶ãѪŮ۾ץסҶļ򣬽ţֱʧԭء
֪˶ãҶѪŮͣ˿̣ѾһƬãã֮УããյǿһŮӣ
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2602 
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հף
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УС׾֣ʹ࣡

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飡
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ϾЩ֮УЩ˿ͬһʱˣ
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2604 磡
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2605 㣡
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2606 㣡
㣡
УĵתͷȥǱߵޱˮ֮ϣһСŮ߶
СŮ͸
СŮСɢŵĹ⡣
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£˵Ŀ֮УǹħͻȻһĹת˲彥

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Щһһӡ죬ƺǲܶҲûоҷǣǵķӡȴܵһ赲
˵˫˭Ҳκβ˭ˣ
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£óһŷ飬һ̣һ˺𡭡
ԶĵЦǽаˡ飬ԽԽˣ


2607 ѣ
֣
Զޱ顣
һҪٵģ
̬ȣ
ҲҶѾǵ̬ȣ
ʼԴ磬Ѿʼ˼ԴˡΪŶѾĲϴţޱˮѾʼ𵴶ȥҶɱ⣬ɱɱ֮ضѪɺӣ
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ɱԴԴϣʼԴ磬ԽԽ˱ɱʴЩ˿ʼɱ
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ΪһҶɱ棬Լû취ֿǹɱ⣡
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˵ţҡҡͷȻǰ㣬ʱһĨӣʱо޵ˣĵۣʱ޵ˡ
ллޣһԻĵЦ
߿һۻĵۣȻҰĺܴ󡣡
ĵЦû취ʵԽǿҰȻԽ˵ԡ
ĿһۻĵۣȻҵȸóֵģδ׳ɳ֮ǰ͸öɱ㡣ϧҵȹ˼˼ǣʧᣡ
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ûĵۣǿ㣬ʼԴ磬ǸطǸطЩϼһ֮ˡ¿ɷ̧֣ȻµԸ֣µˣ棬ɰȻȥ֮⣬֮ʼԴ粻ڲԼ顣
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ſţССצһε𵴶ͬʱСſˡ
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˵ĸ֡
硭ҡ
ɲǼ䡭


2608 ˺㣡
ң
С׵ĿʱԶĻĵ㶣ܿ죬Ц

ĵ۵ĴЦһʼԴ磡
СǰǹŽɫޱȵѿ

ԶĵЦᶼˡǹŽ죬û뵽ɣû뵽ɣЦˡ
Ž俴һۻĵۣȻתͷ˵ˣǾһȺ
˿̣˵Ҳڹ۲ߡ
СһĻʱ˵ɫҲһ˲ѿ
ԵĻǻ֮ǰ˺С׵Ǹɱһ飬һ飬ʮ飡
һʼֻ뼤ŭҶ˵ֻϾʱ˶ĵͷˣֵܸУ
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һѹƾճʼԴ֮С
Žɫѿʱ֮д˵ʼԴ磬ĪЩ֮

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Щ֮ǸصĵطΪǸصĵطһҪĹܣǻ
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Ѿ涼ڿʼ仯رϢԽԽаԽԽ壡
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ϾߵҶԣһܣ˿̣Ѿ۷ǿ߲ס
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ΪʼԴһʼֻҪʼԴ磬ڣЩڹʼԴˣ

ŵܣ֪ʱƯһЩЩָĶУЩǺǿ󣬵ǣҲһЩǿġ
Сһ棬֪ʲô棬ǣļȴ
ҲǵһСԵģ
ˣҶڣЩرС⣬һЩǿ׷뿪˺رƬ׳أ
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ʱСǶͻȻһ˳ǹŽϯȥ
ŽǷһĨһ̣һƬڳ𵴶Ƭ˲䱻ָ
ŽСףڲͣ£ӽվ˺㣡


2609 
Ž˿ɱѾﵽԼļޣΪСôȥʼԴ綼һ
̫ˣ
ʼԴѾزסˣ
Ψһİ취Сͣ£
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ˣ֪ʲôԭĽǿȻֱʧӰ٣ܿ죬ֱƽȵС׵ǰ
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飬СʱֱӱСշˡ
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С׽̧ͷԶĹŽ죬Сצٴ̧
䣡
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Žɫ䣬żһ㣬˳ǧɣͬʱһƬһɽ
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ʱϵС׿ҶҶԴ˲䣬ȻתͷɨһܣţСצ̧ССһ
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Ǻܿ죬ԶǹŽɫ䣬㡭

СʼԴص
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ԣһ̣뾪ɫ˲ޱѿ
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ԶŽɫѿ֪СȥǾܹչģ
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Ž̧ͷɨһܣλҲ֪û֣ǣôȥضһ˵ػڵǸطضܲʱҵȵĲ֮
˿̣ԼѾΪˡΪǸСף£ʵѾǿܹԸˣڼԱ߻аϾҶһ˸ʲôˣ
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ԶŹŽ£ͻȻ֮䰲
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Ϊ£磬ʼԴΪ׵ĵжԣˣʼԴؽ˵
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ٴοʱиǳء
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һ̣ɫ棬ҲҪǣ
˵ţҪ֡
ʱһͻȻԲԶϴְ
£˿ŵλá
Уüͷ΢壬


2610 ʧ
Զϣһߣ
һߣ
ߣ
С׿һߣȻĿʶƵϡ
һߣĵڿʱϵЦҲһʧӰ١
һ˿أ

ұǴռ֮У˵ͻȻ
ȻλҲʶߡ
ߵС밲ϾҶǰ
΢΢һЦСһþò
С׿һߣȻСצָָ߱䡣
˼Զ
߿ЦСһôһֱҵأ
Сգգۣʱת䣡
ɨһܣȻһ̾δ뵽ᷢչֵز
˵⣬СףСһܷܲŹ磿ҲˣߵĻܾҪˡôܻܵͷġ
СҡҡСԴָָҶ밲ϾȻָָҶǰָĶѾָָԼĶͷǵ˺ѾϣǣԶһĻ
ȻС׵˼˼ǣǶ㱻ɱˣ
Ҫɱǣңȶֵģ
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ߵһ̾һܣ΢΢̧𣬺ܿ죬ǰһ޴ĹĻĻڳһĻĻһĺĺ֮ǰСױץʼԴصһĺĺ
Сױ˺ʱҡͷһ̾
ӺתͷԶǹŽ죬ؼ֮ʼԴҪ޸ⱻƻıԴ޿ɺǣǣȾͲԸ룬ñķʽףǸã
ף
ԶĵЦʼԴرԴƻҪ޸ʵʼԴصЩ΢ͨһ£ԣķʽʲôǺпܳɹġϾҶ޵ֲʼԴ磡
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ϣҶСף磬ϳʧ


2611 ˣˣ
õҶָСȻûκεԥ
СſɲǼ䣬ʼԴصʱӿ
СԣҶ밲Ͼȫ䱸š
ΪʱС׿Σյʱ
ʼԴ绹һЩǿ߿϶ô׻ٵġ
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֮ǰ˵ĵΪֹûңҲţ飬ᵽΪֹģʹԸ⣬ʼԴȵҲԸ⡣
ݣ
ھǲݣһԶݣ
ʼԴԽԽϡ١
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Ҷ˶Էһۣû˵
ӻߵҶǰԶҽвԻʦЩ顣
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ԻҶãȻʦϣҲ֣֣Ƕ뿪ȥõĽܾˣ
ҶҡͷǿСף˺СʱѾעǴҵĽ֡
Իüͷ΢壬ֺαͱˣʼԴ˲ûɱֻѣڣѾʼԴȥǡ

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ģ˶ʹǻĵۣɫҲһ˲ѿӦ˵ǲ԰Ѫɫ
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ʱʼԴڣֱӹȥǿߣ
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ĳ֪ĵطһλưɫ۵ĽڳԶȥͻȻ޻ȻתͷĳУǰδе˷ܣǿ󡭡
£ɢ


2612 һ
ʼԴ硣
˿̵ʼԴ磬ɪɪ
Щ֮УЩǿߡ
ǹѹ֮ǿõЩǿ߶òΪ֮ͷ
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2613 ȹڽ
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ʼԴһ˲һȻһصסʼԴ磡

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ĵۿҲʶ⣬ʵҹͬһʱˣһЩ˶֪λȹŮӵĿֲ
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ʱС׿ʼ֮죬쿴СףҡͷСһûõģָܹԼĿȻˡʲôûá
СգգۣȻСԴЩΡ
ʱǺȹŮĿСϣСʱ˫΢УơȽԸ
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һĿҶһСף
СһҪצʱһͻȻңԶʴ
õĺڽͻȻһȻͣСҶǰɴ
УȹŮתͷԶϣһưɫ۵Ľ޻


2614 ò
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ϵĽʱҶ㻹׷סˡ
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ǸҪܵĽޣ
ҶȻûǣһǸͬһ磬֮仹һԼ
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ʵǰλУҶһ󱲣ΪͬһطңҶǼڣڼҶ׵ԵʣˣȻҶδһ֣ҲҶ
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2615 鹬֣
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֮ǰѾС˵СѾõԪˡ
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Ҷתʣѩϣͷ­͵鹬ȥǣڸҴС⣬ǣ


2616 ħ
ѩϴǿͷ­תȥ
ɽ֮ϣҶ̧ͷ޾֮ϣ㡭СһҪúõġ
˵꣬Ҷתȥ

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2617 ݣ
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2620 ɱģ
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Ȼ岻ռţǣϣǾԱҪǿܶġ
ʱԶҶɫ΢䣬һֱ̣ʧԭء
Զϱǰһֱӣ쵽µһʧȥȻϱ޷Ҳֿ
Ȼս磬ǣǰЩ˶Ըпĵط
ʱϱоԼһζһ̣˫ۣ˿̣ѾǺ˸˰ɣ
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ָ֣
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Щĳ֣ǻܳһεЩЩס
Զ΢ƣ鹬˼


2621 
鹬
ϴ洴ˡ
鹬Щֺ󣬳оʱһЩתΪЩһס˻ԼһЩǿߣ
ò˵ЩﻹЩġ
ЩҰ֮鲻ͬЩ֯ѵǲսҲǷǳֲġ
ǰһĻҶһ뷨
ǾСѵڵЩܹأֻкܺõԱ
ҶתͷǻϴŨŨЦ⡣
Ц⣬Ҷ֪һûôˡ
ȻЩ鹬ûãڳܣռͻȻ
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Ԩɫ˲ѿ
飬Ҳ޽顣
޽վڻˣ
Щĳ֣оٴתƣƣ˲䱻ɱ
ЩսȻǱȲЩ˵ģӦ˵е
ʱСͻȻҶļϡ
ԶЩ鹬ﱻɱС׿ĿҶ
ҶС׵СԴʵЩΪЩ鹬ǲһСסľܾСס
Ҷ̧ͷԶʱǻͻȻҶڲһ֮飬һ塭
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С׵˵СԴȻЩԸ˺
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ʹǻҲһ˲䱻˳ȥ

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һ̵Ļĵۣǿûߣ
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ĵǴŨŨЦ⣬һ۲ԶҶЦСѹϷ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷǰɡ
ĵ۹һЦҪúÿˣⳡϷǾʵĺܡ
Ҷһۻĵۣе棬㲻Ǻ𣿡
ãȻָźڽĺȹŮӣ
ĵҡͷһЦ֮ǰһֱҳ֣ǼɵĴڣ½άռ֮Ӧڣˣңλڿ׷ɱûʱҵġ
Ҷһۻĵۣû˵ʲô˵һԡ
ĵԣ䣬ûܹסǸʲôǸطæȡ
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ĵۿǰɫĻɫĻȵЩǿߡ
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ĵҡͷһЦҪ֣ʱ֮ͻȻĵۡ
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άά
ǻĵ۵Ŀģ
Ұĺܴܴܴ
Ļڣ֮пŻĵãȻڳ˵Σ

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£ֶ̧ǹĻһѹ
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һѹĻ˲˿
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ɫĽ
ɫ֣


2622 ţ
ȹŮʱĵɫ˲ˡ
ĵۣȵЩǿɫһҲˡ
ǺȹŮӵĿֲȻûǵġ
ڣһǺȹŮӳһģһŮӣ
֮УǼɵأǣȴǷ
ĵޱĿŰȹŮӡ
ȹŮӻĵۣ˵Ϊסرͬ飬ƣжƶûоԣӦ˳ȻǣôһһʧЩ磬඼ȻʧΪʧ
˵⣬һȵķ򣬳ĬƬ̺תͷĵۣУһô΢𣿡
ĵ΢΢һЦû뵽»һ˵ˣǸȹŮӣܲͬ
ȹŮӻɨһܣȻ磬ΪղŵһٶܿҪʧˡ֮е飬رЩûʵ飬ǻһʧ
ĵЦ𣿡
ȹŮ֮ͣҪάռ䣬Ҫͻ㿴άռ֮
£ȹŮӾٽһɲǼ䣬ڻĵǰռѿһų
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˵Ŀ֮Уĵըѣ䳹ʧ˵Ŀ֮С
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ĵȻѾ䣬ǣʵеģӲƴʤҲǲʤ
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ֵһ˵ǣȹŮӲûɱߵǿߡ
õߵǿߴһȹŮǺȹŮһ㡭ǾԵסģ
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ȹŮ΢΢һЦСգǾ鷳ˡṩͺã޸
С׿ҶҶͷܿ죬ССſˣƾճѾ֧֮硣
ȹŮеĽͻȻǱããƶˣһɹǱɫĽ𵴶
Ҷ㵵Ŀ֮УԭѾ֧֮羹Ȼʼһһ㸴ԭ
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Ϊʲô죿
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ȹŮҡͷһЦˡ
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ȹŮӿһСףȻܾúܾǰάռԼʶǸʱΪάռףҳɳΨһף飬ȡ飬ūۡ൱ˣͻˣȻ׳Լ
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ȹŮӿ˿ҶеĽԽԽǿ֮һ󣬾ͳǾ˵죬ˡһΣ˾ųɾţģɱеԣС졯
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ȫ۷ĸ
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ȹŮ΢΢ҡͷһˣԽԽǿҰľͻԽԽͬʱԽǿԽ˼ɣղλĵۣʵﵽһ̶ȣУһ㲻ֵǮʵڽУά¶ǲֵǮģĨȥ統λΪԼĨȥ
˵⣬ЦЦȻʡʵû֮粢ûб̫á෴ûѹ࣬飬ǻĸ޼ɵɱǣǻɱ֪𣿹ɱ࣬Ѿǵɱˡ
ҶĬ


2623 ϲˣ
Զԣ
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ãνȻڿʲô
ˣ
Ȼǲˣرȷ
ʱȹŮЦ˽άռ䣬άռ֮ͻһȡʱУҲǲֵǮġӵǿ޵еʱĨ㡣𣿡
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˵⣬ҶʵҲֻҪСڵһУǸɫСһǽжѾĶޣһһУĽҲ⼫¡
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ȹŮЦȻǣֻ·ҪߡԶȳеҪ׵Ķࡣ
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ȹŮЦҾãΪ˻壬ԣҷһϧǡ˽ܶܶʱԽǿԽ˽ľãֻںԼĵ۾ˡһΣû幥ȣĿģΪԼˡ
˵⣬Ҷļ򣬡һʼе㲻̫棬Ϊʲô㣬Ҳ̫ΪʲôȽչ㡣Ұй۲һʱ䣬ҾãһˡΪһʼڣںˣԶҪ
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ȹŮӵһˣһ˿ıԼҪˣţƴġ
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˵⣬ߣһƴά棬ܻںС
£תͷңԶȣѡ
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ȹŮ΢΢ҡͷǾףˡҲ֪ģͬʱҡϾάԳҡ
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ԭأߵһ̾Ȼתʧ˲Զ
ȡ
ڵȣ˵һƬ졣
ΪӮˣ
ĵвˡ
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ȹŮӷֱҶ̻ص˹Žڡ
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ˣһʼŽڵӷ׷׿ʼԼĽֿ
ǣʱһһȥҶЩɱ뽣ˡ
ɱûʴԣҲûԡ
˴ԼºҶɱ뽣ڣǣŽڵȴѾ˿ܲˡ
ڣ΢ƣϲˡ


2624 ʣ
ɽ֮ϣҶվ
һǿϢ糱ˮһɢ˿һ˲䣬ҶԲڵĿռֱӾ
Ҷһ̧ܿ죬Χռָƽ
Ҷ̧ͷʣ΢ơ

һΣֱӴﵽ
ȹŮһ򣬻صŽںʼþ黹Լ˫Լ顣һʼеԼԼȻû뵽ǣûһܳάռ䣬ļӳֵĻܹռ䡣
Щռ䣬άռάռ֮䣬˵Щռǽάռһ塣
Ҽ̽ȥˡ
ΪЩռһַǳΣյĸоһܾҪԣ

˵ܹܵ
ʵ˼ǣﵽܹ֮ܵһά档
Ҷ̧ͷʾͷǰȹŮӣǲ̤ά档
ҶҲЩ⣬Ϊǿĵۣڽά֮󣬶һ³
ãҶҡҡͷڲ̫ȥЩֻߵһжúõġά棬˭ȥ˭ȥ
Ҷ뿪˹ŽڣҶңҶ֪ؼҡ
ҶĵҶҲЩŵģڵҶʵЩĺܡ
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Ҷ΢΢ͷҶ֪ʱŽˣ
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ҶЦЦҪȥʱҶͻȻСѵСǸطˣ֪ǸطѾϾҪˡҲǸطˣЩ˿ɶ۷壬ǱʵѾûǸطѹҲزԼ޷أζбֵĿܣǣߵȴ԰ǣԣǿ϶⣡
Ҷ˵ͷлѡˣ
˵꣬ҶתʧԶʾͷ
ԭأҶһ̾Ҳ

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ҶĬãȻҲ֪ȥǣ
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2625 Ҫ
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2626 ʦ棡
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2627 Ĵ·
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2628 е彣
ȻӰ˵ӣǺʣ˿̵Ӱɫ϶ÿ
͹Ҷʵͬʱ͹ҶƢ
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һըֱӱǧ⣡
תͷԶһ۵ֽ߳
ӿãͻȻ뵽ʲôͫȻһе彣ǽ޵УȻţ


2629 棿
е彣
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Ҫ֪ȥԷʱԷŶûгġ
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2630 ԣ
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̫쿴ҶãȻ֣Ƣ
˵ţת˵ȥ̫˵㻰飬ӽʮ㣡


2631 Ѫ䣡
Ҷûй̫ˣһԶ֮С
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иҪҪ
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ҡͷ֮ǰʵֱԼǣΪһּ״̬˿ԶĴڣ񣬸³֣Ըǿʵп

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Ѫ䣡


2632 Ҫٱ
ܿ죬ڤԴôӲҶ
ԴͱҶţ
ڤѪȪӿ
Ҷǿͷ­˲ԶȻ̧ͷ֮Уʱ֮Уһھ޿ͻȻ֣һ̣һĲҽ쳹
ˣ
Զ˿һҶŮȻߡ
䣬תԵļʧڤ
֮УֻʣҶŮ
ŮҶǰȻֱӽ˺
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ŮҶΣұǸˣǣҹ𣿡
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ŮҡͷҲʵڣûʵСʮ뿪

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˵ţڤŮŮҰǰٺúһ档
Ů΢΢ҡͷͲ𣿡
ҶһЦ㣬֪̫۸ˡʼԴʱҪŪңҪŪ㣬ҪŪСڣֲŪڤŮǡΪʲôΪǾС밢㲻ˣҶ۸ôô󡣡
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Ҷͷ֪
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˵ţڤŮŮúðٺǣʱ䣬޷ڳˡ
ΪΣҶ⡣
Ů޽磬һԼڱȥɡҲʲôˣҪǣúչǣúչԼ
˵ţŮٴοһڤŮŮȻ뿪˺
ҶҲ֮뿪棬Ůɨһܣ񽥽طûҪˡ
£һž޿ͻȻڤϿգܿ죬ڤ翪ʼһһʳ
ʱŮץסҶļһֱʧڤ硣
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ŮҶҶãȻֹ㣬ǣҲϣ㱻ŪϢ
ҶЦģһĺúõġ
ŮٴҶͷһҪúûţһᾡ޽飡
˵꣬ŮתʧԶʾͷ
УҶĬãȻתԶһȻ֡
ô㣿ʡ
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ҶЦƴһƴʱƴӮǵҪɴӦǣֻҪṩϢɣҪðգ
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˵ţָһ㣬һڵʯͷҶǰ
˵ʯʲô֪ģôʯ֪Ķ㣬֪Ҳ顣
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ڤŮŮһõĵطȴ֣ãã棬ԣûʲôȫĵطĩ֮صˣ֮ͨˣܰڤŮŮصȥأ
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ҶҡͷһЦǽǶںɡ棬кСףǵָٶҲࡣ
ûԥҶ¶
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޵ежԶ͸ϽԶ
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УҶããʾͷһĽۣǱ˺ѳһһ㡣
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𱨳ʦҲˡ
ûоǴֻǾôҶʼе㲻ģȻȷʵ޷ĩ֮ؿ⣬ǣŽڵӣڤŮǵ¾ôȻԼͷ
ӣ
ӵȥأ
ӵάռȥȻά֮Уӣݵ
˵һһ죿
Ҷҡͷ

ҶӣǵģǲѰ·ǣҲñҵĻźã
Ҷվһ
ҶǷһĨӸƣ
˵ţóǱȻɨܣ֪⸽ɣ̸̸
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Ҷ̸̸𣿡
ܻûж
ҶĬƬ̣תߣʱǰԶһŮӡ
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ȹŮӶḧԼǰˮ棬Ҫ̸ʲô
Ҷߵ˰ȹŮӵǰǺãŶԣǸźȹһ㣡
ʲôȹŮʡ
ҶҪٱ
ٱ
ȹŮ̧֣ͣͷҶҪٱʲô
ҶָָʣרɱǿҪٱٱǸĩ֮أǸطкܶǿߣܲûϵҴȥҪ㣬Ҽ㣬ҿԴȥȺ˺ܾˣǲң⡣
ȹŮӿҶû˵


2633 ţ
һᣬȹŮջĿ⣬תͷԶĺ
Ҷһ۰ȹŮӣȻ𣿡
ȹŮӵǣЩˣ𣿡
ҶҲû˵ͷȷʵ
ȹŮתͷҶ֪ҿ㣬ܵһľ㣡
Ҷ֪
㣿ȹŮЩ⡣
ҶЦ㣬Ҳû취ѵ֪ҪСףҪŪңҪŪҵѣҲˣ˶ڣҶСǸʱϹңЩˣҸô죿ҾĶûð
˵⣬һ۰ȹŮӣûбĸõѡˣԣֻѡͬھ
ȹŮӳĬ
Ҷߵ˰ȹŮӵǰǱ˱Ƶʵû·ˣ˭Ըͬھأ
ȹŮûΪλ˴
Ҷͷ֪ǣѵ𣿡
ȹŮӿҶҶʱҲװɣ
ȹŮû˵
ҶѹǣΪҪ𷴿ǲǱƵʵû·ˣЩҲȥִƴɣ
ȹŮߵһԣڲԶһʯϣȻóһԼͷɱЩˣиЩ˵ĳ֡ңˡֱԣ֮ĶԹ˵˭˭ӵ棬ӵʵǿΪ磬Ҫ棬Ҳ㷴Ҳ
ҶЦⲻʲôҲû˵
ȹŮֵҲڵĴܣʵǿһǺȥʵһʲôġ
Ҷߵ˰ȹŮӵǰҲĨˣҲˣʲôˡĵĿϣָܹ·
ȹŮ΢ƣһĨΪɲķȡ
һĨ΢ЦҶһʧ
ȹŮӵòϢ˵ʵڼȹŮ֮ǰδ侹Ȼˡ
Ů˲ʵǿǻСĻ¡
ʵ̫ǿ˭ȥ⣬ӻˣ
ҶܿعջĿ⣬Ůһħ·ˣٿΪáΪ֣ĽŮǰû̫á
ʵҶûҪˣΪ˵ıԣ˶ϲȻ̰ͺá
ȹŮӵҪһ·
ҶͷԸָĻ
ȹŮ΢΢һЦһУһ̣ٽһҶǰԶһš
ţҶɫǰδе
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ȹŮҡͷҲܸ㣬ȥȥܳųҾ͸ָһ·
أҶʡ
ȹŮЦԶ׼⣬ΪҪأ

ҶԶǵţĬ
ȹŮӵûвͶĶõʲô͵øʲô㲻븶õǿɾ̰ˡˣһ㲻̫õĽ
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ȹŮЦ˵
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һ̣оԼеĽ֮ء
ˣоԼ˫ġ
ó
ȹŮܿģЩеġе顣֪˵λΪǿԸһУĽûĽһôǿʧеãλ޷һУĽǰδǿѡ£նһУĽģ
ҶĬãȻЦǻ𣿡
˵ţתȥ
ȹŮӿҶû˵
ҶߵǰҪȥʱͻȻͣתͷȹŮӣУ㲻ǹҪŪҰɣ
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˵⣬΢΢һ٣ȻֵҸǸպҶǺܲҶԸ񡭡
Ƭ֮ߵſڣ̧ͷ˽ڵķ򣬡Ҷ
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£ת߳ݡ
һ̣һֱãã֮Уͬʱһ޾֮쳹𣬡ңӣһս


2634 
棬ȹŮʯͷϣУǱ
ȹŮӳֽỬˮ棬ƽˮûа㲨
ʱһ߳ŮԲԶ
߿һڣȻ᲻̫ˣ
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ˡ
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ߵһ̾û˵ʲô
ڡ
ҶԶȥĿЩͣ˲֪ãͣ
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϶
һƬɽ֮УһӰһܿ죬ǵӰֻصԣһֻͨɫСһ
Сһ￴ҶϢȻһֱתҶĺڡ
һĻҶǷһĨΪɲĽǶȡ
ţǰϾСףڤŮ
Լһ
ܻ
һУ
ʱȹŮӳҶԡ
ҶתͷȹŮӣȹŮӵάռıԵ
ʲô˼Ҷʡ
ȹŮЦ˼ǣԸıԸıδ
Ҷ˫΢УȹŮֵԸ⣬Ըıĸ׵ҲԸı㸸׵תתδ
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ȹŮЦǰɡ
ҶҶ֪ǿ飬黹𣿡
ȹŮӵ£
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ȹŮЦ
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ȹŮתͷҶҶҿԻȥ𣿡
ȹŮָָԶǰߣͿԿδάδʱ飬磬ôԸЩĩ֮صˣߣ֪ԼԺ飬и׼
ҶҼߣ
ȹŮЦǰ߼ͿԿʲôĽ֣ѵ𣿡
Ҷ̧ͷԶԶһĻһĻȹŮ飬һĻֻġǰһͻῴԼڽ顣
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ҶҡͷȻҲе棬֪ǰһҿ϶
ȹŮһĨʧ
ʱҶֵң֪δҲûʲôõġ
ȹŮӿҶҶЦҾãڶδ֪֪Ժ飬ڵҴֻʲô壿
ϲָо¶ѾעĸоΪ֪δ飬ͻΪԺȥֿΥԼڵ뷨ѡ
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ҶⲻǺ£ΪǸʱѾԼˡ
ͺñȣתδǸԼô죿ԼɱЩ飬ȥѾǹȥ仳ȥúñԼߵˡ
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ҶЦȻֱңҼߣ϶ʲôõ鷢ʵ뷨
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ȹŮǸˣһӡѡ˹ȥϧûϧģʧȥģվ飬Ե־һ£ϧûȫ
˵⣬һУҶڵǱУסʮʮţ˶һʵÿ˶ǸһֻܲܳΪһͿԼˡ
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˵⣬ͻȻҡͷһЦҲûʲô˵ģΪǣǶ̫á
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ȹŮͣ˽ŲһһС
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ȹŮӽݸҶ˽֮Ǳߣ˲ɢؼ䣬ˣκ鱻ɢؼ䣬ȻҲǾԣЩڣͦģ磬λ죬Ӳס⽣֮
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꣬ɵӲŻ᲻Ҫ
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ȹŮЦ
Ҷһ۰ȹŮӣҺе̫ˣе㲻Ӧ
ȹŮգգۣ𣿡
ҶɫЩŹ֣ܾŮı
ΪԼ⣬ԼģѲǿԼ
ô㲻ҪȹŮʡ
ҶæҡͷҪȻҪ
ȹŮ΢΢һЦ߰ɣҲ뿪ˡ
Ҷһ۰ȹŮӣȻתȥһᣬͻȻͣ£ȻΣлˡ
˵ţҶֱӻһʧʾͷ
Ҷ뿪߳˰ȹŮԶ
Щӣ㣬ȴѡһɱ۷ļһ
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߳Ǹ
ȹŮ΢΢ͷ
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һһ
ܿ죬Ҷĩ硣
Ҷĩ֮ضȥһᣬͨĩ֮صĴ󴦡
ҶǷһĨǣȥ


2635 ޳ܣ
ȻҪģ
رÿοڤŮŮڵģʱҶһĵʹ
ģرõĽ
ŮҪʱ𣬽޵ҲˣΪ֪ڵ޷ĩ֮ص˿⡣
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һ̳Ľ֮⣬⽣һص
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ʱҶѾֽ˵˳˹ȥ

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˵ţ̧ͷһգҾͲ㲻


2637 Ͷ

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֪˶ôҵĴսΪݺᣬΧһЩʲڱţֹ
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ֻҪҶĺʱҶ˫֣Ͷ


2638 УŪ㣡
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˶жԣıֻǰԷ˿ˣǰȹŮӣУǶǱ˴˶Է
Ϊһ壬еġ
ڣе㲻ȹŮΪλὫҶ
Ȼ֮ǰ֣ܴ֮ԭҲΪǱ
Ҷ֪ȹŮ֮ԸһϿ֮⣬ͬһֱ
ΪҶû߱Ҷܻ˵һ͵
ϾﻹСѾ֮ޣ
ˣǽʵǸҶõġ
ҶǽķϣкܴĻġ
Ҷ뿪ľݣȻ˶Ѿ˿̵ĶѾϢһôаôǿ
ҶŶѾȥʱһǿа֮赲ס
ϣСգգۣҪȥҶס΢΢ҡͷȲˡ
˵ţСתȥ
СˣһҶ뿪˺
ϣҶɨһܣЩãȻԼ
ʱһƺɫͻȻұһ
ȻǺȹŮڸָ·ˡ
ҶƲƲ죬ȻһһƽʧԶ
ڡ
סǰСڲ
Ȼ뿪ˣлԪɻڡ
С׻ֿʼ
Ѿ棬𵱳Ǿ˲֪ٸΣˣûʱ䣬Ѿȵʮ
ڲǰֻܽС磡
ϣ˲ʮŹӣ
ʱһȺ֮Χ˹ΧС
СգգۣȻСצһӣŹӵȻƮЩ֮飬ˣС׻ͷųԼЩ֮顣
飡
˵ЩС׵֮飬ٶǾ޴ģ
رصĻ飬ҲǵС׵Ǹ飬Ϣ𵱳ǿ
Ѿһ൱۷ĴڣҲС׵ͷűڣ
ԲԣС׵ͷűڿǰ죬ȻǶѾҶ
ؼ俿ɽ࣬Ǹڣ
һᣬС׿һԱ߲ԶĶѾȻҪ뿪ʱͻȻתͷһȹŮӻ
Сգգۣ֪ʲô
ȹŮӿһСףȻԶĶѾѾʱԱ
ʱС׷ɵǺȹŮӵǰСצһӵݸȹŮӡ
ȹŮӿһСףҲܾùӾͳԣһСףҪԽԽá
˵꣬˶٣ȻֵǷһ飡


2640 ⽣ҵİɣ
С׸źȹŮӻصľݣľ֮УС׿ʼȹŮӴ
ﵽ֮˵С׵ļ֮һˡ
ʵȹŮҲӵ޸ǣҪоգȻԼתΪԼС׵ʵġ
ΪС׵ͺܾС׵İæȹŮԽʡٵʱ䡣
ľ֮С
һһСԿţۿСۡ
һᣬȹŮӵʼɣ
СգգۣȻ˵СԴСһţҪʱȹŮͻȻҡͷãҽһַԿ
С̧ͷȹŮӣȹŮֻһԲССĿռ䣬ܹܵ𣿡
СѧҶƽʱǰ˫ۻһᣬ۾Ȼ˵СԴ
ȹŮӵ棬һʣܹĪԸ飬ȻΪá
СգգۣȻСצ˻ӣ˼Ȼأ
ȹŮӵ𣿡
СЩ˷ܣѺȹŮӵĺڽ˹Ȼ裬˼ףҲġ
ȹŮӿСãƬ̣΢΢ҡͷĽҪѧҪѧ򣬶ָ֮ͻȫ˲ʧڵҲʧ𣿡
С׿źȹŮӣƶǶ
ԣȹŮӵ
С˵СԴȻ˫ۣʱȹŮֵЩܹ׸ܵǣʹǣǣǶġ
źȹŮ£ģľľͻȻ󲨶
ľڣȹŮӿһܣȻάռ䣬άռ䲻ȱٵһݣ˵ǲάռԴܹƿҽ
˵⣬뵽ʲôû˵ȥˡ
ܾõĺܾǰλ֮ĴڣԷһһά䡣
ʹ⼸̬ûֿάġ
ǰɫС㣬ġ
⣬ĪҪЩֱ׾ٵ顣
˿̣ľΧѾ״
Щľݻ۶ľγһ޴СһᣬЩһ޴İɫ򡭡ûһᣬǰɫʼڿйȥ
ľڣȹŮӵһܣȻСףʲô
СۿȹŮӣЩ⡣
ȹŮһӣЩ˲ʧӰ١
Сˡ
ȹŮǵĴڣȻǣԳǾۼһ򣿡
СЩ顣
ȹŮڸ棬ҾͰҶɱˡ棡
ԣСɫһ䣬ŭĿһۺȹŮӣȹŮȴֱǷŭĿ⣬ҲҪɱˣҪĶɱˡ
˵ţСǹĹĵСʲôĹ𣿡
СЩ٣ںȹŮӵв£С׿ʼǸʲôˡ
һΣˣͷˡ
⡣
Ҷ޾ĺڰ֮в֪˶ãûпȥ·
˿̵һʼʼԴ硣
ȻʹǺȹŮӵģǣõĻشȴޱȣΪǺȹŮҲ֪ҪԼȥ
Ҷ²⣬ȹŮӦǴսսսطġôˣ﾿ʲôط
еȥΪǺÿɾڣ
ֻҪȥǸʲôĩ֮أЩ˶

һ뵽͵ĩ֮غĩ֮ȺϲɫԿƵ˷ܼ

Ӱ͵ǰ
Ҷˡ
һʱҶص˺
ľǰС׿ҶҪȥȹŮ俴һۺС׹ԹԵļ˵һԣʼ
ǸʲôͲ棬Ͳȥˡڳ군ˡ
ҶһСףȻڽʲô
СȹŮӵ飬Ҳ˽һЩģֻ˽Ĳࡣ
ȹŮüͷ΢壬йϵ
Ҷһ鴤ŮôôദأǰȹŮӣֱ˰
ҶŬԼ侲ΪҪǲԼ侲ȵŮ˿ǻ侲
ŮˣŮˡ
Ҷҳȥططޱ޼ʣȫûκγ·ʹʹͼҲûã޷ͣûа취ˣ
ȹŮӿҶû˵
ҶЦǱ˭ûô𣿡
ȹŮ̧ͷһۣģüͷ΢
һĻҶһݣô
ȹŮӳĬƬ̣Ȼڰؿռ䡣
ڰؿռ䣿
Ҷüͷʲô
ȹŮӿһҶôô
Ҷ
ȹŮ俴һҶάά֮䣬һξ룬ξ룬оؿռ䣬Ļ˵оأڵڰأϾǵھء
Ҷ㶣ȻǲǴھأ͵άˣ
ȹŮӵͻᵽάԵ
˵⣬һҶôȥ
ҶڨЦЦҪȥԣ
ȹŮӼȥ£
ҶЩΣܲܲôģ
ȹŮָָʣ۷ǿߣڰߣѾǼΪܵھߣǹŽѼڵʵ˵ߣ߶һ⣬㻹ߣô찡㣡
Ҷ
һԣСգգۣȻ򡭡ȹŮӲ˵ǲҪȥüͷˡ
ҶΣô죿ܲһֱɣ
ȹŮӵҵν
Ҷ𣿻˵֮ǰҿһ޴Уһ˫۾Ҳ֪Ǹʲô⡭Ҳ֪᲻ٴγ֣
ȹŮ˫΢УƬ̣һҶҵģҵһ£֪棬϶һŪ㣡
ҶЦܲܲҪ˺ˣû뿪϶аɣ֣
ȹŮӳĬƬ̣Ȼȥأ˵أұԳһ֡
ôȥأҶʡ
ȹŮӵ㲻нýƿڰؿռ䡣
һھô죿Ҷʡ
ȹŮЦһ˼Ʋھؿռ䡣
ҶƲƲ죬ȻҪתȥʱСͻȻɵǰС׶ҶһЦȻСצϷһһɫĽ
ɫĽ
Ҷס
СװǱڽݵҶǰĵ⡣
ʱһԵǺȹŮͻȻһ£⽣ҵİɣ
Сգգۣ


2641 С׵ʵ
УҶСףҪ͡
СȹŮӣСצ˻ӣ˼ǣ⽣
Ҷ
ȹŮӿСãҶôå뷨ǰͰɣ
Ҷɫҿû̹
δ¡
飡
Ҷֱӱɳ˺
ڣСգգۣǰѺڽ˺ȹŮǰȻԹ԰ѽŻص˺ȹŮӵǰ
ţԾĻصһԿʼ
ȹŮľڣһСףȻ˫ۻ
⡣
ҶǸС׵ĻҲûСǵĻ˭
ԺøС׽Ҫ˼Ҷ
Ƭ֮Ҷʩչ
ƿռ䣡
Ҷɨһܣܿ죬ǰ͵ؾһ̡
ͣ
ռ䱻˺ѳһӣǺܿ죬ǵӱϡ
һĻҶüͷ
Ĭһ˲Ҷ˫Žٴζǰһ̡
Խ
һΣ֮У̺˫ļӳ֣Ҷһ˵ʷǰǿ
Ͼõ⽣Ѿȫͬ
ͣ
һ̳£ǰĿռ˲ѿһ޴Ŀӡ
һĻҶһϲҪȥʱɫȻ䣬һ̣ǰĿռ˲ϣͬʱΧĿռ俪ʼǿĿռ֮ŨõҶоԼȫҪըѣ
Ҷд󺧣æٽһ󿳡
ͣ
УЩռ䱻˺ѳһӣǣڵռѾʼ䡣
޾Ŀռ䳯߼ѹ
һĻҶɫûж룬Ҳûʱ룬ʩչ˽򣬸ʩչǸܵһɳصѹ
ûгȥ򣬶Ǿٽǰһ塣
꣡
ӽһҶʹȫ
ΧǧڵĿռһ˲ѿ
һ̣Χһз·̡
Ǻܿ죬ΧЩռ侹ȻʼϣԼٶϣ
һĻҶ˫΢Ǹʲô
ڣȹŮ̧ͷһۣƬ̣ԲԶСףȥæ
С׿һۺȹŮӣȹŮӻ˵ʲôСѾʧ
ȹŮӣ
⣬С׳֣Ҷüͷʱȥ
СһЦСצָָҶǰʾŮġ
ģҶЩɡ
Сæͷ
Ҷʲô
ССצ˼æģ
ôҶʡ
ô
Сգգۣô֪
ҶߣʱСֻص˺
ǰС׶źȹŮһЦ
ȹŮӿһСףȻ齨ռڣˣҪöԷǣֻã𣿡
СգգۣȻҡͷ
ȹŮ۽һ£˵Ļ𣿡
ССצٻʱǺȹŮӣҲ֪˵ʲô
СĿ˺ȹŮԵǱϡСצָָԼȻָָǽ˼ǣ£Ҫ⽣Լ
С׵˼󣬺ȹŮͻȻŭ¸ëǰǺ𣿲ǲ𣿲ǡ
С׿һۺȹŮӣЩίĵԴ
ȹŮӿСףɫһãһᣬһףǱڽƮС׵ǰס㣬𣿡
С׶ʱһЦæסǱڽȻתҪߡ
ʱȹŮֵסǽģ͸ģ𣿡
СգգۣȻ˵ͷûϵңҿԲģ
ѾǮҲû
СױǱڽ뿪˺
ľ֮УȹŮޱ飬СһҰ𣿻ȥʲôά
̫ᡭ
⡣
ҶڵֿΧЩռ䣬һһεĻΧЩռ䣬ǣΧЩռȴһһεĳ֡
޾
ʱСٴγˡ
Ҷѧ˵С׻˻СצСצУǱɫĽʱһɫ⡣
С׵ĿҶҲнĽ
Ҷ
ʱΧЩռٴϣȻֳҶС߼ѹ
Ҷ׼ٴγ֣ʱСͻȻѽŵȻ˫ۻ
ҶʱΧͻȻĳֱ仯
ҶĿ֮УͻȻһЩԣһЩǺܶ࣡Щĳ֣ΧЩռ侹Ȼʼڽָ
ҶСףЩ𾪣Сױô
ʱܵĿռͻȻŤ
Ť
黨״
ռڣС׵ЩȻʼڷ飡
صҪΧռտռ䣡
һĻССԴ˿ܣСצ̧Ȼһѹ
䣡
ΧЩռֱӱЩδطһˣˣСͻȻɵ˿УȻСצһġ
һ˲䣬СΪģ޾˷Сӿ
ıԴǿͨҪ棬ҪСڿ

ˣԿĿռ䣬ͺñȣ֮ͨУܿƿһ㣬ͨ˵ǷǳֲģΪƿǵ
ڣС׿͵ǿڵ
ʱСҶǰԶĿռͻȻѿܿ죬һ͸ĳǹ˳
ֱָСף
ʱҶֽ˳ȥһ£Ǳ͸ĳǹ˲䱻Ҷһ顣
Ǻܿ죬Χܳǹȫɿռûɣ
Ҷ˫΢УҪ֣ʱС̧Сצʾ
Ҷ
ССצʼٻģҶ㵵Ŀ֮УԶЩûɵĳǹȻȫͣȻһһʧ
ܿ죬Χпռȫָ
Ҷ˹ȻСף
ССצȻһһΧ糱ˮһ㳯ӿ
ʱҶСǰԶĿռͻȻ˿
ҶסСףСգգۣʾû
ҶЩΣ˼Ͷˣˡ
طǸشȻҪߣʱС׼ʣԷ϶Ƶġ
֪طǸشǸʲôǿߣǣȻ˼ѾͶˣûҪڸȥˡϾﲻĩ֮أҲûʲôޡ
СЩδҶĻġ
ҶСͻ˺Ȼһѷ֮С
ڣСûڻľݣôľݣ
һƶ֮УСںڽϣУĲֺ
ͻȻڽͣ
Сգգۣĺڽʾɰ
ڽûж
С̧ͷȥԶվһȹŮӡ
СգգۣȻԹԵĴӺڽϹ


2642 Ҹ忪
ܿ죬ȹŮһźڽһһֻɫСһ߽ľ֮С
ڣЩ
û˭ȥǺȹŮӣ
ûүεķ
⡣
Ҷǵѷռ֮ʱܵһ˺֮˺֮֮ǿõҶΪ֮ɫ䣡
ѣ
忪ʼѣ
Ҷд󺧣æʩչ˽ȻȴǷ֣ˣʩչɱɱ⻹н⣡
˫˫⻤
˫˫ֺŸоࡣ
ǣǹ˺֮ǿң
ҶоЩԾǴ˿ûôʱȥﲻԾ
ڣֻȥ
ʱһһȥܵǹ˺֮ԽԽֲʹ˫˫ػҲѾܲסʼѡ
Ҳкڣ
ԴԴϵĺ޸岢ûгױ飬ǣҲʹġΪڴڣҪˣҪúòˣ
ڣľ֮УȹŮ̧ͷһۣüͷ΢塣
ԶС͵͵һۺȹŮӣȻ
ƿ
ʵҲǺŬˣΪǿ԰ѾҶֻһµİ
ľ֮УȹŮüͷԽԽˡΪ֣ЩԾ
⡣
˿ҶѾﵽԼļޣļޣоԼѾڱıԵԣӦ˵оԼһ̾ͻ飡
ǿ˺֮Ѿ˫飬ڣѾûκԱ
ҶҪױͻȻоȫһա
Ҷסˡ
һᣬ۾˿̣Ѿǿռѷ֮С
˿̵һƬããĿռ֮УΧããģ̧ͷκζһƬɫ
ô£
Ҷɻ
ʱҶоһԼϣһֱ̣ӻص˺ڡ
ľǰ
ȹŮ俴ҶҶЩ⣬Ǹʲô𣿡
ȹŮ֪𣿡
Ҷԥ£Ȼռ䣿
ȹŮ俴ҶãȻŵͷھؿռ䣡
أ
Ҷ㶣Ȼ㵵ôܣ
ȹŮһรɣ
˵꣬תľ֮С
ԭأҶһ±ơԼھռˣ
ȹŮӲ˵ԼƿھصĿռ𣿲ԣ
뵽ʲôҶһƿտռģǿռԼѿģ
ģˣ
Ҷɫѿ˵϶ǱǸڰؿռʲôˣԷûȥأھأ
ԣ
ҶͻȻ֣᲻ǶԷͻˣΪǴģȻĿȥھأȻھصģ
ĸԭֱ鷳ˡ
ҶһľݣľڣȹŮ˫΢գϢȫޡ
Ҷһ̾Ů˿ָˣ
Ҷ뿪˺ɨһܣڵƬռرر壬Ӧ˵ţһ㰲

ҶһܣƬռĲа
ԥһᣬҶ
Ҳͣõģ
ʵЩ鰡ΪҲȥߣһʲôô죿
ǾȫһЩ
ʵȺȹŮˣȻҺȹŮָȥ
ںȹŮӻͷϣȥùͷ
ôȰһʱҶҪʱԶͻȻ˽Ų
ÿһŲҶͷΧĿռһ
оһĻҶƤһ̧ͷȥڲԶһŮӡ
ŮӴԼʮ꣬һϮȹȹǰ׵ףȹһ޵õ塣
ŮߵҶǰһҶ΢ƣϣأ
Ҷסˣ
ΪԾܿ죬ҶŮӵĺкᣡ
еģ
Ҷٴˡ
ǰɵġŮˡȻǸеģ
ûи
ʱ˫΢ҶɫʱָȻ¸ģ֪λôƺ

Ҷĳƺ۾һɱȻʧչһЦɡ
ɣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷʱͻȻһۣûʵӦߵǡôģ
ҶЦģôȥأ
ɫΪŹ֣ߵ֪ȥ𣿡
ҶЦԽɬˣ治֪ǰɷָ·
ɿҶãҶ˵٣µܼ򵥰ƿĿռ䣬ͿԻȥˣ
Ҷ̯̯֣Ʋ
ü΢һᣬٴδһҶǱģ
Ҷͷǰɡ

΢΢ҡͷˣȻܰ͵㲻ģҲ²£ò£ؼ䣬ܹģ֪Ӧþˡһþúþöûֹˣ˵ѾŪ˰
ҶЩ档
һָһλ̫顣
Ҷҡͷʶʲô̫顣
ɵǾǱһǸˣ
죡
Ҷ㶣Ȼǰʶ죿
ɿһҶ찥ԨǸģ˭ʶλУһ֮죬һƢû
ɵĻҶƤһ鵰鰡
ڡ
ȹŮЦѡ
һԣСһЦĺȹŮӣȻæʼ
ľڵ¶Щˣ
С״˿̵ĸо
⣬ȹŮûʲôӦҶʱһһǰɣȻǸҾãҲǿ
⵹ڹάľǿȹŮӣǰȹŮӣ͸ǿˣ
Ҷǰʼ磬ǿ϶ģǿҲôˡ
Ҷһ£ʵˣҼǵЩ˶Ϊǰ㲻ö

ЦǴ򲻹ȻҪ㣬ȻҲ򲻹ٺ٣ǵȻ򲻹һܰܵĹ㣬Ǻȹ׷ɱټʮΣÿζӵˡ
ҶɫЩŹ֣Ϊǰһǵ⣡
ڣȹŮޱ顣
ɿһܣԥ£ȻֵʵҲÿζӵģҸ˵Ҹھؿռսʮʮҹ
ʮʮҹҶ㶣Ȼôã
Ȼ
Լظؼ䣬еģᳬʮˣսʮʮҹģԲᳬң
˵⣬ͻȻӴһЩ˵һ䲻͵Ļҳȫ忪ԣɣܴ裡
Ҷ


2643 һ
ҶɫǹŹ֣
ҶҲǴţģǣûôǰһȻѾͷˡȻ⻹ҪģҪһﴵĶɾںڡ
ȹŮ
ڣȹŮޱ飬·ûɵĻ
ʵҶպҪˡ
ȹŮӲƢ꣬Ҳǳǳġ
ʱͻȻô㲻ţ
ԣҶգգۣȻɫǰܹߵѾ֤ǰʵˡ
ģɵĻشˣ
ʱɲɵƨɵƨ͵źȹŮӱɣ
ҶάĻչһЦȻ
˵ţһգȻһ̾Ȼ˵ǣ
ôҶʡ
ҡͷһ̾޵УΪį
Ҷ
һᣬҶԥ£Ȼǰ֪ǰʲô취һȥ
ɸ˵ʱҶæֵʵ΢ȥ죬ǣǰʵҪһȥӦǵָ飡
˵ţɱ˱ȭǰ
ɺЩΪѡ
ҶɫȻǰҲ𣿡
Ȼǣ
ͻȻֻǣֻҵĿǾ֮ϡҪȥ͵ðͨЩռ䣬һе󣬵ʱǸɶ
Ҷʡ
΢΢ͷ˵ãҲģֻǣʵڲ˷ʱ䰡
ίľܾˣ
Ҷһ̾ЩʧʱͻȻȥʲô˶˵أά۷崦ˡվ֣֮ᷢ£ϣ
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2645 ˽һ£⽣
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2646 ƴ
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2647 ͷ
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˿̵ĶѾ֮ǰĶѾȫͬڵĶѾɢһɼаϢһĶ񡣶ģģҲЩ仯ͷһţǵĺڽǣġ
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2648 ʵ̫ǿ
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2649 
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ڣľ֮УǺȹŮɫ࣬ɱⱩӿȺ飬ҾǻظҶѣģȫ


2650 Ͻ
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ȹŮ俴һȵ̫죬һУҶеԼʱУһ̣ҶĿ֮УȹŮӵĺڽͻȻһȻںһ


2651 Ϊ
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⣬ҶȫʼѣǹѹԽԽǿ

һᣬҶ˫֣ңͶͶɱва


2652 ںϣ
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˫۾ҪȹŮӵ䣬Ȼǲ˵ģ˵ȹŮʲô飬ʱվںȹŮߡ
Ϊʹ˵ȹŮӵ䣬˫۾ҲһŹ˫۾ŹǺȹŮ˵ҲŹ෴˵ʹˣǺȹŮҲкܴʻᱣסڵСǡ
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һԣȹŮӵһĺܺڡ


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2654 綥ţ
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ҪĿӦΪЯһԿǣҾãҪĿĿΪ˶Ը㡣
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ҶȻСǸطˣǺȹŮЩˣѾˡ
ֻǣ鷳ˡ
ЩһȻţ
Ҷ룬Ȼǿ߲Ƕ඼ĩ֮ǻٶ٣
άصǿֺĶ࣬رǻӺܾúܾǰϹʦ潣޵УǵֵĻûм֮š
Ҷ˵ͷȻתȥ
ȥʡ
ҶͷҲأȥĩ֮أ
ˣ
ҶɲڿЦһʱֱĩ硣
Ҷͨĩ֮صĴޱ飬Ž˵ϣȻԱߡ
ˣ
ҶΣĩ֮ظյף
ĩ֮ء
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ӵ˵ͷҲֻʱˡ
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ĩ֮أЩȻǷǳɵҶҶָһҲҳ
ʵʱĩ֮رҶ£ȻµĲҶǺȹŮӣ
֪˶ãͻȻҶԶһӰ
Ҷ۾ѽһᣬߺˣ
ǵӰͣǰĩ֮أλһУ
Ҷüͷ΢壬΢΢һȻϽĩ֮ز
ˣ


2658 ը죡
ò˵˵ɫѿ
ӺԶĵطϵ͵õ𰸣
ЩģһҶȻĩ֮صģ
Ҷϻ
˵ţһˣȻֻɫȫûʸĩ֮أϽȻԴɾͱסˡ
üͷ壬оЩԾ
ʱһ𣬡ǧ֣ĩ֮صˣҶƬ̣ҵȽ˴˺
ԣǧɫʱˡ
ǧһҶҶ
Ҷʼ磬ĩ֮ظһͨ籨ˡ
ҶԿżɽ˻ӽڻûиı⣬Ͻ߰ɡ
ǧ΢ƣȵҶ˵µһţ̡
˵ţһĩ֮صĴţ֣˵Դ͵͸ļ񣡡
ʱ
Ȼ
Ҷֽһ壬һƽڳһ
ǧͫȻһķӦ죬ǰһĽɫ֡
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ҶѾǧ󣬶ǧǰǵɫͻȻ֮˿ܿ죬ǧüһѪ
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ͣ
ǧֱӴм˿
Ҷתͷһͨķ΢ƣ
ڣһ˳ԣ
ҶЦЦͽ̣
ʱǴ֮Уһ˳
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ĻŵҶȥߵҶǰʮʱͻȻְε
һ磡
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һƵڳһ
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ʱҶһУҶ˫ֳֽ͵һն
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һ˺ƵֱӱҶһն顣
ʱԶĻֳһ磡
˺
УһĴ̶ȻһƵڳһһΣƵ֮ǰ죬Ҳǿˡ
УҶǷһĨ˽ʣת˲νһն
նν
նνǣѾˣˣ뽣Ҳˡ
һն¡
䣡
ҶͻȻɣ
ԶĻû˰벽ǰ
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ĻҶȥʱһʱ
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ڵĽʵЩ˵ĲǵʵǼࡣһЩǿʱʲôĽûʲôõģ򵥣ֱӵĲЧģ
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䣡
ҶռȻһҶˣļϣһ˿̣ǵڻɢȻʹˣ̺ɽҶسˣ
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ԶĻҶȥ֮Ҳ޷亳֣
Ҷ˿еĽȷʵ⽣ղſܵסǵ


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ǰЩ˶ʲôʱĴڣ˼˶ꣿأʱһȲ˼ҵһͷ
ʱﻹõĻǾĴˡ
ʱĻͻȻʧԭء
ͣ
ĻԭվλҶǰĿռ֮УһѷȻ֡
һ̣ҶܵǰδеΣ
ΪĻγ˵
һ̣Ļȫ˳
Ҷ˿Ĵ⣬γˣó
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ʱȹŮѾϽķȴҲҪãڵʵƿ˫
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ϣ
ˣ
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һ貽ڳһ£
䣡
꣡
ĩռ俪ʼըѣͬʱӰ˳ȥҶĻ
Ļ˵ǴǰԶҶѾ˵ʱԵͷ
Ļûڳ֣ΪҶѾʧˡ
ǰĻ˿Լ֣˿̣Ѿ׹ѣղһٵֱֻۣ
Ĭһ˲̧ͷԶԶҶѾʧ
׷ʱһڳ
Ļҡͷɱ
˵ţһԶʣռ΢΢һһЦ
ĻĬƬ̣Ȼתĩ֮ء
һ޾֮С
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ˣ
ղһν棬ȻˣǣǴе
ǳ
˫赵ЩԼԦĻһ֮ǿʵǳԤϣ
ڻĻĶ֣
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ղĻһսջ񲢲СǿһսܹҵĲ㣬ֻҪҵԼĲ㣬ܹĽ
ȻҪĿǰƺã
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С׿ҶһЦݣֻСצ
ҶС׵СЦ˵ɣǲʲô£
ССԴܿ죬Сצһһ«Ҷǰ

ҶһǽȻסˡ
Ľǣ˿̵ĽѾǳ
ǽ֮УܵһĨ˼
СһЦȻѽݵҶǰ
ҶСףŪģ
С׵ͷ
ʱҶԣһСףȻЦһֱŬ⽣飬⽣Ѿ˼¡
ҶСףЦݵСףҶкůС׵СԴȻллСһ
Ѿû̫ã˵ڳܹǿĹʹá
⽣Ϊζٴʹ÷ɽˡ
ʱСͻȻסҶһȥ
ԭأüͷ΢֪ʲô
ҶԽԽ죬ԽԽǿЩгܶʵѾĽŲˡ

Ȼڻûеӣǣ֪ò˶ˣ
һߣС״ҶһƬɽ֮Уһɽ֮Уһŭ
ǶѾ
ÿһŭɽͻһ
ܿ죬Ҷ˶ѾԶѾףצŵ棬һֻצӳš
һ˲ѾͻȻŭսʽһʽը죡
£Ѿצ͵һץ
䣡
ɲǼ䣬ɽȻţҶС׾㵵Ŀ֮УɽȻѾ
ɽ
ҶѾܵɽ
ꡭ
ҶŵĿԶĶѾ
СҲ˫Բ˷ܻм


2659 
𾪣
˿̵ҶıѾ𾪵ˣ
֪ѾǿǳǳǿǿĴڡ
ǣɽ̫˰
Ҫ֪ɽȻر󣬵ǷԲҲʮɣиƵĴɽҲʮ

ʱԶĶѾͻȻһȥ
䣡
ɽֱȥؾͬʱ̳𣬸ʣ
ԶѾſڵϾҴš
ҶСæ˹ȥҶ˶Ѿ˿̣Ѿͨ죬ùȵ״
СæѾ
Լʱ󣬶Ѿڻָ
ָ󣬶Ѿһ̾ЩͷɥǲУ
ҶʣѾǴóǸ
Ѿ˵ͷȻǾݸҶҲҪ𣿡
ҶһֻۣһҳҶǿЦ
ˣ
Ҫ̫̫ˣ
һʽը죬ȡҲǵը졭һʽҪкصص˵ȷһǣܹᶯʮɽзԲʮڵĴء
һɽ᲻
һһɽǣİ᲻һɽȻѾǿԵġ
Ҷ֪ʲôսʽͶѾѧûأ
СУ
Ҫ̫̫ˣ
ЩͷɥĶѾҶ룬ȻѾ㲻һ磬Ȱɽԣ
ԣѾʱ۾һǰȰһɽԣ
ѾһȻߵһɽǰ
ɽߴǧɣڿҲһǧɿ
ѾվɽǰĺССľһֻվһǰ
˿ֻ̣ϻ뺳࣬ȻЩ
ǣǰǸѾɲϡ
ѾǰĴɽһ˲צͻȻɽ֮ϡ
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Ҷ΢΢һЦˣ
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˫צǴɽɽϡ
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ҶԣϾȫԴ߶ɽǣԼʹеİһżǵǿסһżģǣЩƿزԼ΢ͻ飬֡
Ҷ˵ͷԶĶѾ˿̣ɽڻƶһһƶȻƣǣɽûг顣
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ȻлӦģҶֹˡ
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Ͼ̧ͷԶҵǹ󣬵õеĴУǣҲ֪һЩ顣
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ϾһЩʱ顣
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ΪΣҶЩ⡣
ϾҶЩ·ҵԼȥߣȻԶҲ޷ĸǿ󡣡
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ʱѪŮڤŮŮҲҶǰ
С׵İ£ǶѾ޸ʵر󣬵ȻҪС׵Ĺ͡
ڣ˵ģСĴڣ
ֻСһƽʱ̫ɵˣûʲôرĴڸУһܣеʵĺ죬ңҲǳǳ࣡
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ҲҪ뿪ˣѪŮͻȻ
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ҶҡͷЦ
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˵꣬תڤŮŮʧʾͷ
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ѪŮŮߵû˿ԥ˵ǶﲻǺǼǾûԼ·
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¡
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ЩţЩʵǣ̧
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ʱɽͻȻըѿʯ𵴿
Ҷæָһ㣬ɲǼ䣬ʣһ˲䣬Щʯ׷ױ
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ȻղҲرɣ
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ѾһҶȻһЦû£һܼ
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ҶҡͷһЦðɣǵãҪŪԼУûطط뽣̫ˣ׳£
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Ѿ˵ͷȻЩȲĴСʧʾͷ
һᣬԶʴһ¡
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һ͸аӣ
ĿҶĽϣŮ˾Ȼ㡣
Ҷһӣī
ӿҶЦңôҪģģһԷһأ
ҶҡͷȻóҿɲֹأ


2660 
Զīɫ
һߣҶЦôɫôѿ
īͻȻҡͷһЦ뼤ŭңܺãҿԺĸ㣬ȷʵŭˣ
ʱҶͻȻ֮䣬ƺûʲôԹ
īЦҿܲˬвУ
ҶҡͷһЦ㿴ѡң㣬걻žÿҲˬ
˵⣬ҡҡͷ˵ģһˣͲӦңȥǡ
īɫģҳһŰٱǷҵģ
ҶһīһĨǰˣǵ͵ְǣñ˶Ƿġ
һ̣뵽һ仰
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ҶܶʱȻЩСۣǣĶһ㶼ǡĶ˭Ҳߣ
˿̣īȻģ
ʱīͻȻҶȥýģܺãҿĽôϣҪ̫ʧ
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ʱҶͻȻīǰһ̣һīͷһն¡
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飡
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īЦ⽣гΪģ⽣ɲΪ⽣֮УĽ־Ľôѹ𣿡
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ǱֱһնҶޱ飬ͷʱͻȻٽǰһ̣

ִ򷨣ʵʱһҲһƣ
Ҷīɫ΢䣬½һתԹΪ
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飡
ҶһֱӽīˣȻֻǿʼҶٴγīǰ˿̣˫ָһ
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˲֪ãīѾɣ˿̣оǷ
Ҷѹƺ֣ˡ
Ľһ֣ͻᱻҶĽ뽣ѹƣҶ룬Ȼ֣ҶٶһҲ
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ֵһ˵ǣûжǼף
ϲֳսﻹԼǼףܲþͲá
ʵ֤ʵ

ʱ֮УһŭͻȻ쳹𣬽ţһ潣һɽһ
䣡
һӰɣ
ӰҶ
Զ⣬Ҷ΢ƣ˫ҲЩɫĽۣ˶˵һ
ԶīѾƬȫ£鲼ѪܵĽۣ
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Ľ⣡
ϧǣҶ˵ûƵģҪֲ֪ˣ
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ⱩСŮһҶе飡
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£˫սһԾһ̣һ콣
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䣡
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䣡
ڿֱըѿʱҶͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾīǰ
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ʱҶͻȻһԾ˫սīն
īȻ̧ͷһֽ̣Ҷ˹ȥ
䣡
һըīٴ˴˳ȥ
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꣡
Ҷüͷ΢壬ǰǰһһ̣һͷ
ת˲ǵصĳ֮С
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ҶĽŽɱļӳ֣ˣ˫ȻīĽ뽣Щ죬ǣĽɲҶ
ܿ죬Ļ콣ʧӰ٣
ʱҶһֱʧԭء
ͣ
Уһһīٴ˴˳ȥ
ۣ
īͣǱһھѪ̧ͷԶҶЦҸճֻв۷ʱʵôҵĶ֣
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ЦˣⲻǹҼң
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ҶͻȻͣڣǱͻȻȻһȻֱӳ˺׼Ҷü䡣
Ҷ˫΢


2661 ⽣ҲҪ
һ˲䣬а
ҶվǱôҶ
ʱС׳Ҷļϡ
С׿Ǳüͷ壬ҪȥץǱǱҶֹ
Ҷ̧ͷһգʲôҲû֪ܵλˣ
ԭˣ
ҲǸնɱ
ֻλˣҽ

ԶīĴЦ㿴𣿹ĽͲģ⽣Ͳġ
ҶûѾī̧ͷգҾãЩƽ
գûκλӦǣǱô
Ȼǲ׼ɱˣ
ҶǱãͻȻжһ

Ҷ˫ֳֽ͵ؾһ
һֱն｣ϣȻ｣ȴ˿෴Ҷֱӱǧ֮Զ
ˣĺ֪ʱѾһĨۣ
ֻƤ
棡
ƤڸҶˡ

ԶīĴЦţ俴һҶȻһģţ
£תֱӻһʧʾͷ
īȥҶǰǱ΢΢һȻ
ҶһգҺܼǳ𡣡
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ʱͻȻƮҶǰҶסȻ͵سվһӹ⽣ӲҪ
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޾֮УǱﾲһᣬͻȻһʧˡ
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һζ˵裡

Լʵиղŵ裡
ʵ
ʱҶ֮֮ӡ
ɨһܣȻ˺
˿ֻ̣ʣʫŮйŽڵˣŽڵѾ֪Ĵڣ˵ҶС硣
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ͷ
ΪΣҶǲ
ɨһܣȻԣǣ൱ûĿܣǽ޿ɲǿģҪȥ
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ЦҪȥĿģһֱľϣԶҲ޷õȻǳȥ󣬻ңǻֿȥ
ҶĬ
ֵŽһֱڵģȵʱʱЩ˻һģ㣬һֱǵУҲֻһ
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ĬƬ̣ҶСףС׵˵СԴȻСצһӣܿ죬񾧳˹˵ǰ
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һ̣ܵȭͷҶԴ໹һʱͣʹˣҶҲ֮˳ȥ
ȴͻȻһĲҽţ˫ֱԼĿ


2665 ֣
ܿ£Һ岻ӿ
˿̣ҶѾɵǧˡ
֪˶ãҶӵǰѾѪȾ죡
ǣȴǴЦ⡣
Ц⣡
ģҶǵĨЦԽԽˣֱЦ
Цףء

ҶЦЩɬˡ
ѧôĽȻһ㡣
һ򷨣
һУѾǷǳǳôֵˣܾúܾǰѾѧˡ
Ȼ֪֮УһѾĸɸɾˡΪܶʱҪȥʲôҪȥʲôɡ
ѧһ㣬һ㣡

Ľ뽣ȷʵǴˣҲǿˡˣ˽֣һһ
˵ˣĽֻ
ֹġ
˿̣ûһµķ򣬽һš
ʵѾ򿪹ֻˣڣ̣ˣ
һ򷨣ƣһƣԷһ֮һƣƣƣҲƶԷҶԷĵ㡣
ղţһǿǵϣǰ϶޷һ˶Էġ
ʵ֤ʲôطҪ
Ҷڵϣգ˿Ѿҹûǿգֻлããʡ
ڣ֣౻Ķԭôá
ҶЦ˶ǲѧϰµĶڣȻҪȥѧϰĶ
֪
ֻ֪ԣ
ʵҶ֪ǰȹŮĿġ
ɽһ·ɽʱкܶкܶ뷨Ҳкܶջ񣬵ǣͬģɽߣһµ뷨ջ
Ҷϸ룬ͻ֣ᷢѾѹˡ
һ̣ҶҲᵽ˽֮ӡ
ô򵥵ģ
һʱҶվȻԶȥ֮ǰǰʱѾڡ
ˣ
ҶɨһܣȻƬȥ
ӷĹģƬӦһǳأ滹һЩཨ
ҶҴ⣬䱸ǰš
档
ѾսĺŽǡ
ٴξ
ʼȣȻû˻ĵۣǣʵɻڣңȻôļ򵥡
֮ӡ
ٴγΪս
ĩ֮ء
һһͬʱĩ֮ء
ˣֱǻĻĲ֮
˶Ѱĩ֮صİ
Ϊھǣ˭ĩ֮صİı߾;ԻʤĻҪôĩ֮صӣΪһĵۡ
˵ˣǰȹĳ֣֮УŪĵ۵ģ
ڣĵѾ䣬ˣ岻òĩ֮صͷ
ĩ֮أǼĴ֮УĲ֮š
˶û˵
ãһڳ𣬡λȥɣĩ֮ز֣
֮üͷΪΣ
ٴ𣬡ҪԸģЩȻһλҪǣҶĩ֮رɱ֮ˣǻ壬棬ǲκεĹϸԾڴˣλɣ
Ĳתȥ
֮һ۴ϷȻ廹еƣ𣿡
ʵԭĩ֮ǱȽȵģڣĩ֮ص̬ȱˡ
Ψһĩ̬֮ȱģֻһǾǻʵĩ֮زȥԸòʧ
֮ûлӦ
֮תȥ
֮ȥһӳ˴֮С
ī
īһԵϣɫƽ
ʱһõӳ˴֮С
īһõӣţʵӦòҪطңұ¶ȫʵҲ²£ӦǱˣһЩ˲һȥҪ㣬ǣ
Ǻŵ˵ͷǡ
īЦܹԵˣʵġ
ȻҪˣ
īҡͷҲ룬һͬĿġ
Ҷʡ
īͷ˱
˵⣬ţˡֱԣÿŪȻ˶ãǹƶҪ군ңʵܻʵķԾ
ųĬãȻѡˣ㣬ѡˣӦǱˣ
ԣīɫ˲Ǻܿ죬ָ
ųĬãȻվɱΣ
īȻԣ
ŵ˵ͷףǻˣָ۷״̬
īЦȻã³֮ҪһЩ
ŵ֮⣬඼ȥ
īЦɽ
΢΢ͷбҪǿԳ
īҡͷҪһŪȥɣ
ŵ˵ͷ죡

硣
ҶǷ֮Уǰǰһ·ϣûʲôΣա֪˶ãͻȻͣǰԶһݾ
ݾ֮Уֵ
ҶҡҡͷֱƹǿݾȻе棬ǲȥ
ܶʱ򣬺Ầˣ
ȻʱһͻȻǿݾ֮дɱɱҡ
ҶͣתǿݾǰͷȥݾڣһƬڣʲôҲ
£ʱǵٴ
Ҷҡҡͷˣ
˵꣬תߡ
۷ʱڵûʲôµģڣȽϺã
ʱǿݾ֮һ࣬һɱ㡭
Ҷ俴һǿݾȻǰ
֪ʲô϶ǸʲôƲ磡
һʱҶͣǰһƾɵĴ

ֻһ֣ǰѾˡ
Ҷ˽ȥڣֳֳľͷˡ
ľͷǰһһΣģûκϢ
Ȼⲻص㣬صҶʶ
ȹŮӣ
ȻǰȹŮӣ
ΪʲôаȹŮӵĵ־ʲôϵأ
ȹŮйϵĻôʧأ
ҶĬƬ̣ȻߵľͷǰһľͷˣͻȻ֣ľͷ˵ĺ棬ڷһӡ
棬֡
ģ
ҵģ
Ҷ㶣ǰȹŮµ
ûж룬Ҷ˹ȥӣʱͻ
ľͷͻȻˡ
ͣ
ڳ֡
쵽£
ңǶȼΪĵ꣬һ̣ҶɫȻ䡣
ٽһʱһͻȻһתֱӻĽ
飡
һȻֱӷ˳ȥ
ʱ
ͣ
ҶǰһͬʱҶһֱֻ۸ֱӷ˳ȥ
Զľͷս˻һ
Ϊ׵ľͷ΢΢ͷһغϣ֡


2666 
ԶҶЩ͵վ
һֱֻѾûˣ
ղһ˲䣬һûܹ
ж죬·ѾϤĶˣĽڷʱԷһĴˡ
ÿһô
һûУ
ԣģ
ҪǣղûҲûн뽣⡣
ǾмͨĽ
ȻҶ̶ֳܹͨȣҲζŶԷĽͨ

ҶЩ͵ĿԼе
ԼǰĽѧ
һ̣ҶȷʵЩã
ǰľˣصĴ
ܿ죬Ҷеã
飿

ڱһ飬ȹŮȷʵڿǣһ飡ѡʣܻ
ղľ˵ĻѾһõʾˣ
ȹŮӸһˮǣԾһΡ
ȥսľˣʧܣ
㣬ӹɣ
Ҷôľˡ
ľ˲ûг֣ȻҪԼȥľ˲Ż֡
Ҫսʤľͷܹõľͷӡ
ȹŮĶ
ҶĬã˵ϣؿڵĽڣֻѪûˡ
Ѿ޷ˣ
ڣÿһˣֻܵȻָ֮ǰڣʵ˵ǱҲΪ
ƺһɵĿ飡
ڡ
СѾ˷̨ϣСһĵǡ
ΪҶһֶֻûˣ
Сһﶼۣ
ΪҶԸǰæˣҲֻܿš
ҶʱǻǺµģ
⡣
һ
ҶվǱľͷȥ
ţ
һΣʷеţΪȫûʲôա
ǣûѡ

ȹŮӸᣬôˡ
ܿ죬ҶľͷǰľͷһۣȻܲһһ
Ϊ׵ľͷ΢΢ҡͷ
Ҷ
ʱΪ׵ľͷͻȻǰһһֱָҶؿڣ
ľͷ֮ľͷҲͬʱ
л
Ҷ˫ۻ
ûۿֻȥ
ܵһǰһնұۣһࡣ
ĺܿ죬׼ܺݣ
֮⣬ûʲô֮
ҶһȻһûľ룬෴ˣ
Ҷˣ
һն
һ
Ϊԭ⣬ûбĸõѡˡ
һն
ͣ
Ҷ˰ɾ룬䣬һѪˣü䣬һ۱ֱ£ֱ°͵λôеһֱӻݣ
֣סˣ
ڸղǹؼʱ̣˵ֵһˣԺܴ֮üһȫһסնұһ
ɹˣ
ֻɹĴɻе
Ҷ˵һԣľͷûм׷ǻصԭλ
ǲ֣Ҷĺܿ죬Ѿ˵˴֮⡣
ǣȻ뿪Ǵ
ʯǰҶôѪҲѪ
һݣ
ʱһöͻȻҶǰ
Ҷö񾧣㶣ȻҡͷһЦȻС׶ġ
ů
ҶҡͷʱСѾǰС׿ҶСצٻš
ĺܿܿ죬Ҳܼ
һΣѾ֪Сڱʲôˡ
ȻҶȴǶˡ
ҡͷ
СһӾͳˡ
һԣѾգգۣȻ磬֪С˵ʲô
Ҷ˶ѾһۣȻЦģ
ѾҶһĴָȻ磬ǵõҶ죬Ů˰㶪ȻΪ˿㣬ҷӡΪǣ˵㶯𣿡
Ҷ
Ѿֵа磬ûĽ뷨ѾڸıˣҲǱͨĽ뷨Ѿǵôһɲˡͨ
˵⣬ѾӴһЩȻŮûв㶯ˣΪʲôأ
˵ţҶеǱģǻģײ
Ҷüͷ֪ʲô
ҶУȻЩѾʲôֲĴ·һڿ飡
ʱȻЩĶѾͻȻŭ𣬡нннни㣬ٽҾͰŪϣ

ʱСҲСצʾ㣬ǡ
װˡ
ںħͷʲôڡ
ǳûʲô˵ǣǰСһպ⣡
ǲ
ʱСֻӶСצ
ãҶҡͷһЦСһȥģѾͨһЩ顣
˵ţ񾧷ŵС׵СצңҲµġ
СײúС׼һ˵ҶĻСԴϲҶ
һԵĶѾ΢΢ͷ֪ʲô
Ҷæס˶Ѿ֣ȻѾӦ֪ڿܶҶаյģ
ڵĶѾƢһһ챩꣬ЩµģΪѾһָɳʲô
ѾһҶѾЩɺˣǽָֻ
һĻҶʱһ
ѾһܣС׵СԴȻɣµģ
˲ʱСײڶѾȰ˵»ص˺ڡ
СһȻģڷ̨ϽҶ
⡣
ҶһԼ壬ˣͺǿңһȻȵĻ൱ûУ
Ҫ֪һͨ˲صˣûҲָģ
Ҷ˺࣬Ȼľȥ
û񾧣˵ѾС׵˵ǴģʵûģҲţˡ
ǣջѡã
ΪԼһѣ
һΣݺݱԼһѣ
ڲܶ񾧵£뾡ԼˣԴÿһ
ҶٴǴ֮Уǰľͷˡ
Ҫ߹ȥʱͻȻ⴫һŲ
ҶһæתõĴſڣһŮӻ˽
ŮӴһҰɫۣϵһ֮ϣһҰɫľƺ«棬˺ۣƾɣ
Ůͷ̣ܶպõһ㡣
òǣҲѿ
һ㣬ǾŮӵĽ£һ˫ЬÿֻЬ棬䴿ɫĻ䣬⻨ܹ죡
Ҷɫ䱸Ӧ˵ٴУ
ŮӵĿȻҶôߵҶǰҶ
Ҷͷǰǡ
ŮӴҶĻ˵ţ
Ҷæҡͷҵ͵ĲУ
Ů΢ƣ𣿡
Ҷæͷ
ʱŮָָҶؿڣסҽ죬ڣҪˣ
£ŮͻȻһȭҶؿڡ
ҶзŮӳȭһ̣Ѿն
ʱŮȭͷͻȻɿȻһһֱסһ̣ҶѾ֡
ǰŮȻһ˲䣬ֱй
Ҷ
Ů΢΢ҡͷһǽֱӲ˲Զĵ֮С
š
ŮӿҶȻһȭҶɫ䣬һȻŮһȭǺǰ
ۣ
ҶֱһھѪת˲Ѿ˳ȥһɣֱӷɳƬ棬ƬɳĮǰ
֮УŮӳǰ̤һһ̤ҶѾǰˡ
ɳĮ֮С
ŮһҶļȻһŴҶĸ
飡
Ҷ˲׷˳ȥһɣֻص֮ǰǼƾɵĴ֮С
λҶ֮ǰշɳȥʱλøպã
ʱҶڣѾͻȻ
⣬Ƕ̷ŮӿһҶĸȻһѹ
䣡
ڣѾ׹Ƿ̨ϣͬʱһֱӷס
ڵܹ棬ǣȴѾˣ
⣡
̷ŮӿҶһ̣һȭҶĸ
ۣ
ҶУѪ磬Ȼٴη˳ȥ
һ˵ĴϺŶֱˣ
飡
ҶƬɳĮ֮УأǶ̷Ůֳǰ
֪ٴˣֱҶԺͣ
ƾɵĴſڣҶʬһԵʯϣǶ̷ŮӾŮſʯףһֻţĿԶʵϦȻʱǾƺ«ݺݵĹһڡ
ģʵͽȥ
ʱ̷ŮվһǰԵҶȻ˵иŵĽޣһҪȥԣ͵Ϊֹ´㡣
˵ţŮӳԶȥ
ǲд֮£ŮӵӰԽԽʱԶһҥϵ찡˼񰡣Ϊô


2667 һ򷨣
ƾɵĴǰҶ
ɢȥҹ١
Ҷ
ڶ죬ճ֣Ȼ£Ҷһֱû
Ҳһ̱ӡһж޷
˲֪ãڣһƻʱ̣Ҷֲ˲һ
ôɿʯϡ

ڵĸоһҲûУ·˰ȫͷжһ㡣
ޱȣ
˲֪ãҶ˫ۡ
˿Ѿҹˡ
ҶоһЩޱ飬ôĿԶ
˴ˣ
˼ˣ
һ㻹֮ûУ
Ůʵ֮ǿ˵˵⸱״̬۷״̬¶Ů˵Ķ֣
ΪʲôҪң
Ҷǳǳ⣬ȷûмŮˣŮˣԲĩ֮صǱߵˣĩ֮ǱǿߣҶٴ˰
ԷҲûɱֻǺݺݴһ٣
Լʲôʱôһֲǿˣ
Ҷ˼⡣
һᣬҶҡҡͷȥ룬Ϊ벻ԼʲôʱŮˡߵһԣҲĵط
ڵϣϣһЩơ
ЩƣҶɫޱȵء
㱻ŮŪˣ
ʲôڣؼߵ֮һˣȻŮһ⽣Ͳûˡ
Ů˵ʵѾֲʲô̶ˣ
ҶĬãγȻԶľͷȥ
Ҷľͷǰһ̣ľͷ˶ˡ

ϢһӰǱӳ˴Ӱ֮һѪһķȡ
ӰȻҶ
⡣
ҶʯϣµʯѾѪȾˡ
ڰ֮ҲԼһֲˡڣ֣ȣȫ
ڰ磬ģЩãˡ
طľ
˿̵Ѿľͷ˸״̬սʤģ
Ҷͷе֣취
΢΢һڻӦ
ҶҡͷһЦİ취ǣȥ

ҶͻȻվ

ҶȻһֱǱڷǣΪʲôҪԼȷ
һɲģкˣǣҲȷˣ
ҶٴνǴ֮Уսȥľͷ˱ٴγʱҶȳ֣
Ľͬ׼ݣ
һֱָΪľͷ˵ü䣡
Ľסˣ
ľͷ׾ٵýסˣˣľͷڸסĽȻ΢΢һ࣬Ľӭһ
Ѹ磡
һΣҶѾ׼ľͷһһ˲żһ㣬һתԺ֮һͬʱתʱĽ˳תһУһľͷ˵䡣
ͬѸ磡
һǱľͷ˵סˡ
ΪľͷԭǱ֪ʱѾط
Ҷûڳ֣תӡ
ܿ죬ӳǼΪľͷѾлˣ
⣬Ҷϲ
ʵ֤ܶʱ򣬽õķ
ʵףӦ˵һֱҲôģֻһʼľͷ˴ˣ硣
ȻʹȷˣʵҲǣľͷɲʲôв
Ҷϣ
һ㣬Ǿǣ
棬棡
ܶʱ򣬿˳ǣбҪҲ
һɲģˣҲˡ
ϢƬ̣ҶٴὣǴһΣȸղŻˡȻսͻȻһѾǰ
ҶʶǾٽһ
һ֪ҪˣǣܵĳԱ߾һ
ͣ
һֱһ
ʱҶˣֱҽ͵һ壬ǰһײ
飡
һײֱӽǰľͷײˣҶתӳǴΪѾǰ
⡣
Ҷʯ¿Ц
ľͷ˲ľͷԷȻҲȷˣ
ɾ˰
ãҶٴὣǴ
һһεĴ˳
˽£
ʵʵ£
ÿһνȥһͻӳ
ǣҶܵȴԽԽˡ
ȻΪȫˣĶˣ
ϣϣȫǽۣڵҶǹŽڵӼϲˡ
Ŀȫǰ
رȱһֵֻѾȫһˣ
һ죬Ҷὣ߽ǴԣǳǴġ
Ҷսڣʹһ
Ǵ̶
һᣬҶӳǴǺܿ죬ֻص˴
ڡ
Ҷսһ󽣹ϮҶҲͬˡ
ľͷ˼ͬһ̳
ıڳвݺύ쵽ۻҡ
нǿ϶ѪڣΪⳡս̫̫ˡ
죬ݣԤУԤУ˻ˣ񵲷񵲣ΪԽΪˡ
һʵıȽ
Ҷˡ֮԰ܣΪԤʧܣ۾ǰֶһĽۡ
Ҷתˣ
ӲУ
棬ֻҪһʧ󣬾ͻᱻԷѹƣˣӣڼսˡǣʧˣ
Щľͷ˵Ľ뽣裬ɲ⣡
⣬Ҷʯϣǰĵϣ
ҶĬ
˿̵ѾһЩǽ߽ףֻ߱ʲôʵǶֻǽĽǿ߶ԣǲûм֣֮
ͨĽǿʵҲĶ֣ͬģһ˼Ҳɲ˼
Ȼģ޿ġͬȼ£еĽĺûҲǷǳҪġ
ﵽεĽޣ֮٣
һʱҶٴὣǴ֮С
ڡ
ҶֽһΣûѡȷˣ
ľͷˣľͷҲûг
֮ǰ֮ǰ˭ȳ֣˭Ȼż¹ȥѾ˸ı䡣
ڣ˭ȳ˭¶˭Ϳܱѹơ
ھǣ壬һѺ޿ܶ뵽һ벻ܾٲ
νĺˣ
νһ򷨣
ʱѾעҪʱĺ֮ˣһ򷨣
ͬģνȷˣ
ʱѾ㵽һпʱѾˡҲһ򷨣
Ҳ棡
ܶʱ򣬱𿴽ֻһʵһܻûһ
ҶľͷվţҹҹҶҲһľͷ
ȳΪ޷һľͷнͬģľͷҲѾ޷֮ǰһһѹҶˣ
ֹȥ죬ڻƻʱ̣ľͷѾаˡ



2668 ĵı仯
ľͷһ˲ҶĽҲˡ
ҶĽǵһ㣡
һ㣡
ڳһ
ʹ
Уһ˺֮
һϢ
а
Ҷǰ£Ѫ
ǣҶǰľͷü䣬֪ʱһۡ
ľͷͣҶҲͣ
ҶеѾڵˡ
ˣұ۵ˡ
ֻұնϣ
ڵ˫ֶûˣ
Ϣľͷ˵һԣΪ׵ľͷ˶Ҷ΢΢һҶ˵ͷȻߵǺǰ
Զ˿һưӰƮ˳
ǰȹŮӡ
õģȻǱ
ȹŮӿѾ޷ݵҶ΢΢һЦߵˡ
Ҷͷ
ȫ˱鲼˵˵֪ڿ϶ԼϲԼˡ
Ҳ̶ã
ȹŮŪŪҶס۾ѪȻ
ҶŰȹŮ߳˴
⣬һƬѪ죬ǲд͡
ȹŮ壬ĵطйõļ䡣ǿߡ
ҶƫͷȹŮӡ
ȹŮЦңЩǿ߿Բǣôһ𹲴ά棬ҵĳԡҼѾ˵ˣȻ
˵⣬ҡͷһЦʯϣĬƬֵ̺Ƭؼ䣬ʮ壬һʮ˾ؿռĿռ֮⣬˵ǿߵĴˡʮҰķǳĴر壬Ϊӵ֮ʵһ壬Ҳ塣
壿
Ҷ̲סڣһǱһ˺ѸС
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ȹŮ΢΢ͷ壬һ壬ʵģļЩرӲ˿õǵĴڡ
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Ҷ峤óһöɫƵݸҶʷ֮УǳִѰģҪܾСѣȻѾ統꣬ǣСкҪĻػ㾡ȫ
Ҷûоܾöлתȥ
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ҶС뿪壬һ뿪һϤӰ
ˣߡ
ߴһҶȻЦϲˣ
Ҷ΢΢ͷǰ
ûȤȥһط
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Ц硣
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ʲô似Ҷʡ
Ц䲻壬һϵ幦˵Ƭά棬ûκһ幦ܹ䲻ˡޣѾľ뽣ΪԣȤĻȥԡңСڣջһЩʲô
ԣС۾ʱˡ
Ѱʲôģϲˣ
ҶС׵СԴȻ˵ͷȥԣΣ𣿡
Ц˵أ
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ౣأҲҪȥһطˡܲټ棬ͿҵԵˡ
Ҷһߣ˵ʲôȴѾʧˡ
ʧʱһö;Ҷǰ
ҶĬƬ̣ȻסǴ;תȥ


2672 ˣ
䲻壡
ҶȤڣµݻ
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Щȴһ£
ڣһɽ֮С
ҶѾСһյأѾצУöڵƬ
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ѾһҶСףȻЦ磬СףģҺܹܿˡ
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Ѿͷ
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ڵѾں󣬶Ѿ˫ۻܿ죬Ŀռ
ʱҶûǴСתȥ
С׺ú棬ǣСȴﵽȹŮӾסľڡ

ҲҪ
Ȼû˺ȹŮӵļලǣ֮ǰһϵеԽľãԼӦҪĸһУ
ңȹŮڵ֮Լ֮ҪܹãߣõҲر
С׵ľٶҶȻЩģСһƽʱ̰ˡڣȻҪ
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Сһǲúľ̫˷Ƕе츳ˡ
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ҶϸЩ֮Щ֮ں󣬿ʼӵڸ

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ݽϲУ
Сֻص˺ǱҶ˲䣬ȻŻصԼλÿʼ
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һ죬ʫͻȻҡ
Զ֮ҶʫһĨɫ
ߵҶǰḧһҶգȻôҶ
ëͷСӣѾˡ
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ʫĬƬ̣ȻһᣬǴδǻѡ񣿡
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ʫ΢ƣǵ飬ҲǶĸ飬ÿһˣйһιȻǣǶι϶ǿ̹ĵġϦδȻϦ£磬϶ɡһǿߣ϶ֻƿƵӡ
˵ţվȥ
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ʫǽǣȥĿԡǣϣһܻǵļҡ
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ʫЦᣬǶǺһģ˲֪ǵĴڡңǵʵҲͣȻ඼øԴģǣӰ첢ԣȥԼ·ȫԵġ
˳Ĭ
֮ǰȷʵȥߣ뱻ƿһǣΪ˲ǸԸ
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ʱʫٴֵǽռУңҲǡ
Ƭ̣ױδȻͻȻת뿪˴һᣬҶڵңױδȻҶͷȻҺܻŰǶӣϧҲˡȻҴ㣬϶Ҳỹֵġ
˵ţٴҶһ촽
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ʱҶǰҶǰЦϦ˵һɫǣҾ˵û˵ľǴͬߣһҰȰǴͬߣ
˵ţݺһҶȻתȥ
һ϶϶һҶȻתȥ
û뿪ǻص˴֮С
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϶ҡͷһЦһۿյĴǶˣ
ʫ֪ԼѾ׷ҶˣǣǻȥƴһƴȻҲȥһʵĿռУҲǽɵģôΪҶѾ̫̫ˣҶǷǺܶܶࡣҲǷģ
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ôʫİҶڵ鶼װ׵ģҲڡ
ʹǶѾСڼʱҲҪԹԵģΪŮˣŮˡ
ʫתͷ⣬֪뵽ʲôǷһĨ΢ɲķȡ
ڡ
Ҷ۾
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2673 ըҩˣ
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ӮҶãȻЦмҪְæ棬˿̣дССʮ֣Щ󷨶˼ţԸ֣ţЩ󷨻̼ʧЧֻ֣ҪЩʧҶСС㣬ʱԴߡ
ҶĬãȻҲأ

ԶЦ˵䲻ģ죬潻Ҳߣ
һԣӮüͷΪⲻƻ֮ڡ
ҶҡͷһЦȻҶ֪ϱ࣬ߡ
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Ѿˣ
ʱԶǻͻȻʧԭء
ˣ
ȻҶôŮˣȻδ棿
ʱҶͣתһ

ڳ˾㵵Ŀ֮Уһֱֻ۷˳ȥһ̣ǻѾصԭλãֻұѾ
ұ۲ǰвʮˣʮݺύǻն飡
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ҶЦѾֵܲˣûҪηڼ壬Ѱɣνļ岢ûοǣ֪㡣
Ҷ֪ҡͷȫ뿪ϼǹֻɱҲͬҶĹǣ뿪Ӱܴ󡣡
Ҷһϱ࣬ȻҶ֪Ҷһ뿪
Ҷ֪ҶҶ֪ںңʲôħֶˡҶҵʵQһʣ뿪õѡ񣡡
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֪Ҷ֪е㲻ʵҶҶҶ֪ǿԵģȻԼҲ
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ʲôҶʡ
ȹŮŭôʲô߲ߣ
Ҷߣģǲǳըҩ˰


2674 
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ȹŮӴҶһǿ֮УͣȻתҶôš
ҶЩͷƤ飡
ȹŮӵ㴳ˣ֪

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2675 н
֪˶ãƬǿջָƽ
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ҶҡͷһЦˡֱԣǳȥһȦ¾ǲô˵ˡУҼʲôôûкôģڵĳңֻ۷ʱڲŸ֮Կġ
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а𣿡ʱͻȻʡ
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һۣ˻Щ̫ţǾҶе㻬ͷرף
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2684 壡
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ľǰҶʼͨĽУҲûʲô춯صơ
ǣÿһԽ
ţͻľڣнͻȻҶΧһſҶұߣҶÿһγͻҶеĽӦĶ


2685 һҪȥ
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ŮͻȻɣֱֱӱѣ
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ǿ֮УĻǰĿռֱӱ˺ѿǣһûеסǹǹϯֱûŵˡ
飡
𣬺ŵ˷׷׳ǧɣ
ԶͻȻһҾͳҾͲ



2686 

ڣҶľ֮УǰһССͼ
һ󷨣һӻ󷨡
Ǻģ
Ϊԭû󷨵ģڵʱҪʲô󷨣
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Ҳԣֻͨ飬СһɾͲܵˣˣҪʲôʲôˣ
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⣬īɫѿ󷨣һǷ͵󷨣϶ǺȹŮġ
΢΢ͷѾ˺·
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2687 ϴˣ
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ǰȹŮӣȹŮȥһάռԵǿΣգΪϴѾ磡


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ҶֽԶȥЦǲӾҶɣǣ


2690 Ѱ
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ī˿һۺţû˵
ܿ죬ʧ


2691 ѡӣ
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С׿˿ǽó̫Ľ˳ʶľȥϣʱīɫĽͻȻ΢΢һһ˲䣬̫ĽһȻС׵צӣɻص˺ڡ
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Ůӵ˼ԣҶϿɣߵˣԿɻΪİףܻĳϣ͵ߵĶ
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飡
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ҶָֽŮӣŭѡӣҪɱɱĸҳЩеûģ


2692 ее
ŮӿһҶҡͷԽʧˡ
ҶЦɱ֮ǰҿɲ˵䣿
Ů΢΢ͷȻԣϾѡģ滹Ҫģ
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Ůӵеееղ˵һУû˵Ǽػ磬ЩΪȷʵЩˡǣңܶʱҲΡȥ壬Ǹ忪ʼı䣬ıЩߵ뷨ϧǣҲ֪ˡ
˵ţҶ֪ģҲ˵ĺãΪʲôôϲɱ𣿡
Ҷҡͷ
ŮЦܾúܾǰһǿߣǿ߾ۼһȻһʲôط߶Уû˼ģܶܶ࣬ൽ޷󡣶ǵĿģΪɱǡһǿߣ
ҶĬ
ŮЦЦ鲻֪Ӧ֪ά֮⣬δ֪ĴڣǸδ֪Ŀάռ䡣ʵС㣬СϺף淨㿴ɱǣ֪ɱЩˣʲô
˵ţһҶϵСףھٸӣϵСһһ֮ɱ磬һЩޣҪŪ֪һԼΪڶټкܴϵ
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ŮӹһЦȻǶޣΪ˱ǿ֪֮ʲô˼˼ǣжˣҪɱȡǵĶȻ׳ԼһЩصĴڣһͬشڣ磬飬ޱȪ˰Щһͬڵļһһһһһ񡣡
ҶĬ
ŮЦСһǼҪԵģԶԶ㿴ģҲ뵽ġ磬ĸѹţ֪ҳʲôĽǣ类Щһ顣
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼȫϸˡ
ŮеĽ֮ǰ˵ûɱˣһЩǿߣЩ˸Щ˲޹ǣսǺõġ
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˵꣬Ůվߵһԣ·ǰɻʲôҪ󣿡
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ŮҡͷҲˡ
ҶߵŮӵԣǵĳǺõģЩǴģ㿴ǴΪҪǶԵġȻ֪ûд֮ǰǰ˵κλû塣˭ǿ˭å
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ŮӿһҶȻʵѡ㣬Ȿһڣֲ󡣡
˵ţһУеɵУָֽҶеϡ
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ŮɴЦ⣬һ㣬ǣûаֳɡ
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Сףڱек󣬼ۿɼٶá
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ҶסСףһ̣ң

ҶͻȻŮӣŭ𣬡ʲôˣʲôû˺簡
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䣡
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ɱȼգ
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ɽΧĿռֱӱɻ渲ǣȻ
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һѪɫĻ֮Ҷϡ
ȼգ


2693 ħ
ң
СǰʱҶ˲
һֱҪػģ
ҶõС͵˺ڣתŮȥ
ԶƮݵŮɴЦ⡣
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ܶʱ򣬰ԸԼ˵Ǳܣǣͬܣ
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Ȼǰɱ۷ǿߵŮӶԣһǿ
ˣζžǺǿ
ŮһһֱӴҶнĽϡ

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Ҷ֪˶ãҶͻȻһԾһ̣һѪ콣ʺ¡
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£֮Ҷ˲֪ٱû취ⷽ棬û˭ܹȵ
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2694 ·ƣ
Ҷ״̬СףҶǰ㣬СæɵҶǰȻסҶ
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2695 ˣ
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2696 ңԵ·ˣ
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2697 ս
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2698 Ҫæ

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Ҷɫޱī͵Լ˹Ȼ̧ҽһϥֱӶī°ϡ
飡
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īԴֱӷ˳ȥ


2699 飡
īԴɳȥһ˲徹ȻȻʱȥ
ӣ
·һ𣬽ֱӴ͸īꡣ
īͣ˫Ŀֱǰ
ҶһУһص
⽣
Ҷûȥīȿ˿ԼĸĽԼٶȻָš
ȻС׵Ĺͣ
һˣ｣ڣ϶ѻġ
ǣҶͬ
ʱǿļңЩԴԴϵģ
һԴһٵ꣬ȻҶǴĴڣ
֮Уī͵ĿңԶǿգֻ̧˵ʲô
Ȼ֮ϵڴݻ
īûСףû֮ˣһֵ
ֻܵ
Ҷ̧ͷ޾գֽŽкƽǣɱȴޱȵĿ񱩣
ҳ־ˣ͸ɱˣ
򲻹ٷְٴ򲻹ǣ־ī򲻹ҲҪ
ģ˻žΪһԷҪô۸ˣͲҪˡ
Ӱȥ
Զſһ޾ǿգûг֡
īԽԽãīͻȻЦЦףء
ЦЦţīʧҶŵĿ֮С
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𾪵ͬʱ޵ҲЩǵġ
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һߣ޵ɫ΢䣬æСģ
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飡
׵壬нֱӱɣǣҶȴӲסȻǹʵ̫ǿ̫ǿˡ
ŲǰҶ򲻶УѪˣоԼһ̶Ѿˣ
һˣҶ˽ǧɡ
Ҷҽųһ壬ͣƬռȴ˲


2700 ޣ
ʱͻȻٴһȭ
һȭɫ˲԰ֽ
ȻһЩط
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ǰȭͷ֮еĿֲҶɫ䣬Ȼ޷
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Ҷ˫ס˽ӿУͬʱʩչ˽Լɱ

Ҷһŭȣֽ͵ؾһն
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޵Ҷļ򣬡ʵǣ㽣Ǽ͡ԺԼСİɣҪơУСӲһޣһޣ뻳˼ܶ࣡
Ҷ
޵йһЦȻתʧԶʡ
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˵ͷȻȻȥ
ȥҶתǰԶһŮӭ

Ҷ˫΢У˽еĽʱ׼ɣ


2701 ˣ
Ǳ𣬶һƷ
ߵҶǰôҶ
Ҷޱ飬ʾ֮ӡ
Ƭ̣ЦӶ𣿡
ҶҡͷһʼڣɱҺܶˡ㣬ȴûֹǣҪɱʱȴֹ㣬Σ
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Ҷã΢΢ҡͷ̬Ҳ³ˡ
˵⣬Ҷĵķϣһ£ȻûлϴϿɣͲҪȥر򲻹ʱ򡣡
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Цһϣ£Ҳòȥһ仰죡
ҶЦЦ죡
˵ֱ꣬ʧԭء


2702 ɱ
ȡ
˿̵Ѿݣȡ
ڣһƬǽ壬ȻҲٲʬҰѪɺӡ
ս硣
ڵս磬Ψһһûб繥ĵططĴڣȵ⣬ȵһ֡
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2703 Žڣ
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ҶԶˣĬ


2704 Ϊף

˵ʵҶ̫ϲָо
ӿʼڣһһ뿪ζ̫áǣܶʱҲε顣
ЩŽڵӣ
Ǿۼһ𣬵ǣԴҶá
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̧ͷһŮӸ˵άǺǿԣдд裬ģҲɱǣдд衣


2705 ɱģ
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ʱͻȻӦÿߵǱԵˡ
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Ҷ˵ͷȻѹôֲ
ʱҶ뵽ʲôͻȻɣռû飿
ɵͷô㲻֪𣿡
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û飡
С


2706 飡
Сһ
ҶԽԽܰ
Сһƹھؿռ䣬ǾζԺؿռҶ˰
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ܿ죬г֮ɫΪҶȫµˣһǳֲٶȻָţ
ָķǳǳ죡
ɫָٶ̫ˣѾȫһ˵Ļָٶˣ
һʱҶȫµѾõĲˡ
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˵꣬ҶҪȥʱͻȻҪȥ
Ҷͷ
ɳ̫Ľȫֱƿ
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ɿһҶȻҲǣԣȷʵһ£
˵⣬΢΢һ٣ֵĩ֮صû㣿
ҶʱӦǲˡ
ɶҶ˴Ĵָˣһϣһ£ǲҪĩ֮أңǲưոݵģ
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ҶһƬռ֮ͨУָһ㣬ڣն彣ǰԶ赲Щռˡ
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ԶССצԽԽ죬ΧЩԽĿˣ
Ӧ˵ؿռڿʼƬĿռˣ
ǺƽദģǣҲ
ڵСҪǶںһؼΪƬ飡
ؿռ磬ʵֻǱܵķ
ΧЩѾʼǿ͸ƬĿռ䣬СڲݣƬĿռ佥ѹˡ
ǣƬĿռڷ񷴿
СüͷЩһôʶȤˣΪǺã
ЩĽ룬ƬĿռͻ飬Ҳµ
ǣЩռȴǷ
СͻȻҶСצһУڵ̫ĽͻȻɳȻС׵ǰ
СǱ̫ĽСצٻܿ죬һУһᣬ̫ĽһȻֱûǰĿռ֮У
꣡
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䣡
ؿռȻһһ̣Щȫʧ
һлָ


2707 ʽħ
ƽ
һ̣ھؿռ䳹׻ָƽ
С׷̫ĽȻɵҶǰҶĻԴһᣬֱ˯ˡ
СԲཱུСϣƣ֮ɫ
ҶСףС׵СԴ֮ɫ˵Сһ϶ۻˣ
ǲǸʲôˣͻȻʡ
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ҡͷ£ǣҸұ֤϶ʲô£
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һ㣬˶棡
Ǽ
飬εȵĴڣ
۷Ĵڰ
ȻڣȴһҶ
ʵ⣡
ҶһɣЦʶʱ飡
ɿһҶ·֪Щʲô
ҶС׷ŵ˺ڸʫȻ뿪˺
ҶһܣƬ磬飡
ֻСܹΪСġ
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ҶǷһĨЦݣպսͻȻæһִġϲ֮ǰ鲢ܱ¶Ȼĩ֮ص˿϶ǰ飡
ջ˼Ҷ̧ͷգҪȥʱͻȻҪȥǾؿռ֮⣿
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ҶЦǰҴһܵ͵ȵһģһޣǸأ߳ȻҲһ·ϵսˣϸԼѡȻһ̶Ⱥ֪ô𣿡
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飡
ҶٴڵأǺܿվȻһٴʧããʡ
ռ֮ͨУҶֽǰһʼߣǽģʼܵģֽŽеĽ
ٶԽԽ죬ٶѾܹ֮Ŀռ䣬ˣٶȵĲʼ
ȻڼӿԼٶȣ
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ǣͷһ˫Ȼ֡


2708 
ҶʱٴУ
˲ȫµĲʣæ㵽˺ڣȻر˺ý򸲸Ǻ

ڿ϶ǲܴģ
ȫԾʱǲ
˵״̬۷״̬򲻹
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⡣
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ΧĿռ΢΢һ٣ʱҶֱó̫ĽȻתһʧԭء
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ûж룬۵׷϶Ҫ׷ģᣬպҪɱˡֻҵȱҪСЩǣֳĴڣ棬ԼδֹĶ֮棬ǳǹŮӣЩȷأǲ˿Ĵ⣡
һ˵ͷҶνҶҲЩ˽⣬ⲻһͨĽޣ࣬Һܶʱر޳ܣһ㽣޵ķ緶ûУ
ȻҶҲǷǳǿģ㣬Ҳϣ
ܵ˵Բܴ⣬һ⣬ܾҪ
ʱֵӿٶȣҵԽ׷ɱĻԽĪ˴Ϣʱ䣡
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䣡
۽ǹٶ˲䱩
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ԶҶһ۵ˣȻǹ
۵ˣ


2709 ս

۵ɫѿ
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飡
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ЦǾɱ㡣
˵ֱ꣬ӳɳ˹ȥ
ЦЦһʧԭء
һߣҶ˫ۻʱСͻȻļϣʲôҶֱһѶ˺ڣ
̨ϣС̧ͷգĵǡ
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飡
ʱӰͻȻ˿ҶĻ˲ǧɣ
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Ҷ΢ܿ죬صĽϻ֮У
ҶǰĻͻȻһҶǰ

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飡
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Ļ뵶ʣȻѵ˱ԶĲֵͣͬʱͷһ̣ӰҶȥ
˶ûѡҶ˵ĻҶһ򲻹ҶǱҪɱҶ
ɱ˵ģģ
ߣڵĻûаܹսʤҶ
ԶҶ˳ɫƽĽȴǼĿ꣬ڵĽǼ˵ĽɱҲ˵ģ
ĻȶĻȻû˵ǣΪһޣûеȻǵޣ
Ļֱܣһõĳ۶ɣҪ䣬ʱҶнͻȻС
һ̡
彣ֱӺһ
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ҶԼɫˣΪ֣彣һ󣬳ֵ֮ȫƲס
еѾеˣ⻹£ֶ彣һȫԲˣ
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Уǵһ˰Ͼ˵ĻֵԣͬʱҲصĻԱߡ
ʲôȥʰˣԸ
˵ֱ꣬ӳҶ˹ȥ


2710 һ𣬺²ƽ
˵ʹ
ĻҪֹȴѾˣ
ԶҶֳкһֳĿǳۡ
۵Ϣڳʱ򣬽ڽһڱеƶɽ
ǹƣֱأ
ܿ죬۳嵽Ҷǰ
ʱҶͻȻһԾ˫ն£
ͣ
˫ն£ռ˲䱻˺ѣ
ǰռһűֱֽһ
ʱѾҶ˫̺֮Ŀֲ
ʱѾǼϣò

Ҳѡƴ˫ֽճȭ˫ȭ֮ϣȻ׵磡
˫ȭ֮ϣ˿̶Ѿ׵ġ
һ̵ۣһ
ܿ죬ķʽһ
ɲǼ䣡
ؾ
䣡
Ӱ˲䳯ŸԵĺ󷽵˳ȥһɣ˽ɲͣ

Բڣ׵뽣䣡
ԶҶͣϣƬɢ£
Ǽף
ղڹؼʱ̣ٴμǼףǼӲס۴󲿷ݵǣ̫ǿǼҲȫܲסֱӱ飡
Ҷȴֻٲֵ
Щ׵ƬûأͻȻһڳһܿ죬ЩƬֱûҶڵĺ֮С
ڣ̨ϣССצһУЩƬȫɢ䵽ǰ
һЩƬȻóȿôΧԽԽ߻۶
뵽ʲôͻȻתһʧ
ܿ죬˶Ѿڵλá
ѾԼڵϢ֮ǰô񱩣ڵϢƽûһ㲨
С׿һ۶ѾȻﵽ˶ѾĿ˶Ѿβϣ
βϣѾβϣɫƬš
ССצЩɫƬСצῪʼѾƬ
ʱѾͻȻ۾һСףЩСףʲôѽ
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ѾȻҲˣĬãһԼβͣСһУܿ죬ϸСİɫƬɵС׵ǰ
СױƬתߡ
ԭأѾ̧ͷһ֮Уг˵֮ɫǽģȴֱһᣬֱЩãȻˡ
ԭöڵԴһЩ֮ǰûеļ䣡
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ΪǼ׵ԵʣȻҲˣĻָٶȶԣЩ˼ֱԺԲƣ
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۴˿ɫѿû뵽Ҷѽʵ˵Ŀֲû뵽Ҷϻһף
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ʵ಻رʱǳð

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Ļȥ֮Ҷ˲Զɣǰлˣ
ɵֻǱ𣬲ǰ㣡
ҶЦΣǰġ
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˶ΪһģҲȷʵȹŮȹŮǸһģǣĸ֮ǿɲһġ
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תҶҶǰ㷽ңĩ֮ǲŹ㣬㣬ʱϵҡ
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˵꣬Ѿʧԭء
ԭأҶЦò˵˵Ļмֵġ
Էһ𣬿϶ᱻĩ֮صԴģ
Ҷջ˼Ͼû°ɣ
Ͼҡͷ֮ǰһսûʲôˡ
ҶһҴ⣬Ϊĩ֮ؾһǻһЩû뵽ôͳˡӸղӦòҵģȻǳĿģѵҪȥʲô֣
˵⣬Ҷɫޱ
ӿʼڣĩ֮ذԽԽϹﶼ˳ЩϹﲻ֪ΪξȻҪ
رۣһĸߣʵǿĩ֮ؾʲôöԷԸأ
벻ͨң֪һεĩ֮Ժ϶ӵĽԷǾǾʮİˣ
ˣԭ̤ĩ֮֮ǰԼĸǿ
ĩ֮ؿһ߰벽
ԭ̤ɣ
ʱϾߵߣ룬һ·ʲôδһ²ܰƽ
ԣҶһЦЦֱ͸ʡ
ϾվĬĬĿ
ҶʱˣǣΪҶԸԼĹâĬĬ顣
ȱҶϾΪڶңӡ
һ׷µˣ
ǣҶ֮ڰϾУѾ֮
һУԴߴ½Ŵ뷢ǰҶƴһ
Ƭ̺Ҷ밲Ͼص˺ջصСױǳǰССצڱҶԲཱུСЦݡ
ҶЦҿ
СգգۣȻСצһ̯ܿ죬һ׳ǰ
һȫµļף


2711 ʽħ
СױƵĽǼ׵ݵҶǰ
ҶϸһǼף˿̣׾ȻѾ˰ɫ
׵ŵİɫâ
Ҷ̲סЩ
ССצٻ
ҶȻ˶ѾƬ
ССԴæ㣬ʵҪһģ֣ѾҲûг٣ԣֻҪ˼СƬ
ѾƬ
Ҷ밲ϾһۣЩ⣡
ԥ£ҶóԼĽҲ̫Ľֽһ㡣

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ڣС˶ѾƬף״ĳ̶ֳ˵Ѿʱˣ
Щص㣬صǶѾ
ѾļƬƬ˵ĿֲǶѾڵķѾǿʲô̶ȣ
ķ
Ҷȫûаգ
ջ˼ҶǼ״ܿ죬Ǽ뵽ֻҪһǼ׾ͻԶ֣
׶˵һĵƣ
ղף۵ĶԿ֮УضˣǸʱĻ˿϶ƴһս
˵װæ
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ҶС׵СԴȻϾ֪𣿺ܶʱ򣬲ۣܶңǣֻҪ뵽ǣҾ;һжֵõģ
ϾҶû˵
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ҪгգȻʱ䣬ܹڶʱܾʹﵽֱʽЧ
άԵռõĶ֣ңȻܹάԵǣ˺Ĵ۹ȥġ
һǱۻڣֵ
ԣһûʲô֢Ϊֹ
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ҪģһԸ㶨
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Ҷһڽƺ֮ٴ𽣳Զ˹ȥ
Ҫ£Ψпûκνݾߣ
ҶһһεĳάԵȥÿοҪȥʱֻ˻
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ҶʱһŲ֪磬һͻȻƬ磬Ǻţ
ſһܣƬ紦ڻ״̬飬ѾԽԽ١
ųĬãܿ죬˫ۻͬʱ󣬳һ࣡
һ̣Ǿ޴ѹ˴أһᣬؿʼҲ֮ԴԴϵĳźŻ۶
֮۵֮УЩ֮ӿ룬ǽཥķ˱仯ԽԽԽԽʵҲԽԽ
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ŽµĴأԭǲһᣬƬرѾɿݣ·ʮĴһ㣡
£ŸܵԼı仯ǰһжԵô΢


2712 Ǿ͸ɰ
ھؿռ䡣
ҶϵسάռÿοҪȥʱֻٴλ
һһΣÿһΣһǿһ㣡
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˷·ɮ붨Ϣ
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ǹԽԽԽԽǿ
ǣҶû٣Ҳûг֡
ڣǹҶֻвɵľ롣
ʱͻȻ̧ͷһ̣ҽ͵һ塣
飡
ҶŴƬռ˲𣬶ҶѾʧУһ⳯Զնȥ
ٶ֮죬֮ǿ𵱳ǿ˲֪ٱ
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2716 Ը֣
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2717 飡
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2718 ˣ
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壡
ļ룬ܿ죬峤峤Ҳˡ
֮ǰҲڹ
ǲҹעһĸҶҲϾĩ֮ôǿ󣬶ңҶƵȻǣ̫ˣ
ôرף
Ȼǣ翵Ĵڣ˭ҿ϶ǻҶ
ǣջˡ
Ϊ峤ҶԸһ˽ģܹѣԺͱ빲Ѿ̬ǲ̬ʣԺҲѩ̿ˡ
վǱȲѩ̿ģ
ҶͬԳӭ壬ҶЦ̶֣ʱ䲻ֱǿ˰ڵ㣬һǿǸӲһ
ҶһЦȻ֣ӭ㵽
˵ţ峤ǰҲӭ嵽λҽտɶŵҶ棡
ԣɫ
ʹҲЦݣ
ŵνأ
ҶѾǿߣʵǿɱһңڻᣬԽʵԽֲģ
˵ֻҪҶֻҪҶӮǵļƬ棬ܹһֱڡ
峤峤һۣܿ죬Ц֣˵ɣô㣡
ô㣡
ҶЦȻ㣬
Ҷ˳ųȥ·ϣɨһܣȻǣҪ󷨣
Ҷ䣬ֻ᣿
ҡͷ󷨣岻óҿԸƼһˣ
˭Ҷʡ
Цӡʮ֮һҴˣʮ壬һ˵ǿġҲĲˡˣֻ࣬ʮ˶ңңֻһλ
Ҷ΢΢Ȼ
ͷܾģȹӲд϶ѡƴһ½ȥ죬һң϶ܹһľϲ
ҶЦлˣ
ʱͻ
ֻǵϿգռͻȻ˺ѣܿ죬һֻǧɵľѿĿռ֮غ


2724 
Ҷ̧ͷޱ顣
ԣ峤ͬޱ顣
ĩ֮ˣ
ʵѾǵ֮С
ĩ֮زܾôҶģΪڿҶ
ıѹƣʣЩ˾ͻͶıߣ
俴ҶЦɣ
£ҶѾ
ˣ
һƽͻȻƲ񷣬ء
˵Ŀ֮Уƽֱֻ֡
һ˲һʺ£
һ⣬һƬٲʣ
Ļ
λޣ
·ɫҲĩ֮سˣʵĲˮ
֮УҶֽ̧ͷһƬ⣬ֻսʣڣ΢΢ţҪʡ
ܿ죬ƬҶԽԽ
ڣҶͷʣʱҶͻȻνһն
ͣ
Ƭ˲䱻һ˺ѿ
ʱһֱҶĽ֮ϡ
飡
Ҷ˴׹Ǻܿ죬Ҷҽ͵һ壬ͻȻǵ֮Ļֱӱǧ֮ա
ҶҪ֣ʱұߣһƬն
ǲֵͣ
Ҷûй⣬ֱӳĻ˹ȥ
ͬʱһӰͻȻڳһһ̣ǲֱֵӳ˽ǧ
˿̣ԭվλãһŮӣ
ǰϾ
ϾޱĿŲֵͣУսҲš
Զֵ˫΢У˫ֽŴ󵶣ʱϾͻȻʧԭء
ֵͫȻһһն£
䣡
һը𣬲ֵͱ˲䱩ǧ֮Զ
УҶѾĻսһ
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ҶĻʱԵޱȵĳڵҶĻʱֱѹĻҲôɣĻʵһ㶼ˮģ
·峤һۣ˾Ҫ֣ʱǿѹͻȻѹ˹
һתͷԶǽ֮ϣ֪ʱսˡ
УΪ׵̫飬Ѿָ˵һ
֮⣬ԲԶһˣȫ֣ò
ۿһ۲Զ峤ˣԭʮ壬ϧѾǵҲǵʮ壬ȥĩ֮Ҷ֮£ĩ֮ؾѰ鷳
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峤һۣЦղһֵܣ˵һı£Ϊ鷳˾ȥ
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ۿƬ̣Ȼ˵ͷԣܿԡȻҪѡǾͳȫǡ
£Ȼ£ɱ
ܿ죬ȫ֮ϣʮ˷׷׳·ȥ
۸һȣ
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飡
ԭǰͻȻ˳ȥ
˴ס
˾㵵Ŀǰ
ǰ֪ʱһЩСŮ
ͷ˫ǣһɫβ
Ѿ
ǶѾ
֮棡
Ѿ峤ɫ˲ޱȵļɵΪƬϵ֪ѾģѾȻֻǵʷ֮Уǣǵʷ֮УΣյĴڣ֮⣬ǶѾСˡѾСףڣ
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æͷǵǿ߼һ𣬲λģһȫĩ֮Щǿߵģ
Ѿ˵ͷȻתԶۣ˿̵ۣɫɵޱȣ
ѾҲ֪һЩģӵĴڰ
Ǹʱܹӵģĺ٣ٵĿ
Ѿһ죬ܿ죬һ޸У
ĸ
͸ĻĸԴʼڵ󣬺ٴܣĸȻҲͺùˣ
ѾȥۣͻȻֳֻĸ͵ؾһ
ͣ
ռ˲䱻˺ѷ飡
ԶͫȻһת˲˫ϥףȻ͵һţҽųǰһߡ
飡
һߣǰƬռֱӱ飡
һ̡
飡
ֱӱǧ֮⣬ͣµĴ˲ѣֻۣҽڼҲţҽ£Ѫϵ䣡
ÿֲ
Щɫ԰׵ĿԶĶѾѾ󳬳
Ѿһ֮תͷԶǵһ񣬵һɫ䣬˰ɣѾ˾롣
ѾһȻֳָŵһһ
ĸգݺ˵һ
һ̣һɫЩˡ
ǻĸ֮еܵˣǰδеǿ˵ԣǰͲ˰
ǿܹѵذ
һѾ޿ˣֻӲһΪѾһǸԵģˣֻӵ⣡
һֳǰһ̽Ȼ͵һɲǼ䣬ǰƬռֱγһ޴У֮Уһֲɽһ㱬
ȻһĵǸ޴˲飬֮ĵһֱӱ˳ȥ
ǧ֮⡣
飡
һڵأȻһã˫أ嵽ס
ǣһĲã˫ֳ׹ѣ˫֮УѪޱȣ
֮Ӳ
ʱ۳˵һԱߣԶĶѾгɵ
ղһӵڶ¡֮ǰûӣҪ֮ģղһ˲䣬ҲҪУ
ʱѾͻȻǵһȥٶȲǺܿ죬֮ĿռֱӲ˺ѱ顭ǿռǰֽһ࣡
һĻһɫ䣬Ǻܿ죬ɫָ
ʱһֻɫͻȻ˶ѾǰԶѾҲû룬ֱһ˹ȥ
ֻɫ͵սȻһȭ
飡
ǻĸһȭУֱӱ飡
ѾͣǱĻĸ㶣һ̣ȻŭһԾֱֻɫǰŭҶ
£ԼԴֱӶ˹ȥ
ֻɫһȭպúڶѾԴϵǶԽϡ
飡
Ѿ˲˳ȥ
Ȼֻȴһ˲ѿͬʱֻЩ
ԶѾڵɺ̧ͷֻɫ֣һ˲䣬˫ɺܿ죬һѪɫĻ
Զֻɫ֮Уһ֡
ȫڣûнĳߡ
֮ϣ֣



2725 ̫С

ѾǽҪֻɫֳȥʱҶͻȻ˶Ѿǰ
Ҷס˶Ѿ
ѾЩĿҶУһƬ
ҶѾǶԽǣ侲㡣
СҲ˶ѾǰСצĨѾĽǣȻٻСצ
ܿ죬Ѿ侲
ҶתԶֻɫȻڣУǱĽ
ҶһǱɫЩء
ղ⽣ʱæ׷ĻΪܵΣգ
ǳΣգ
ˣæֹ˶Ѿ
ѾǺǿǣڵĶѾ۷ʱڣ޵еģңû۷ʱڵļ䣬ΣոСһûһ׼ȷĸʱǷǳǳױ˸ɱġ
Ҷ׻｣뽣ʣС׽ȥѾԱǼˣҪǶ֡
£Ҷֻɫȥ
Сܵ˺Ѿ俴۵ˣսȭͷʱ׼֡
ܿ죬Ҷֻͣɫֲֻʮˡ
ǳľ룡
˿̵ѾܹܵǱ
оɫֵĴڣָֻһַǳǳĸоҲ˵Σյĸо
ʱֻͻȻˡ
һɫڳһ
ԶҶ˫΢Уһ̣ҽ͵һ壬Ȼνն£
飡
˲ѣ
ʽնν
һն£˵Ŀ֮УҶĽնǵɫ֮ϡ
һ˲
飡
˾㵵Ŀ֮УҶɣͣеǱ｣Ȼ飬Ƭɢ䣡
｣٣
һĻ˶סˣ
ǿ｣
ǿļѽ֮һ
｣ҶҲסˡ
｣ôˣ
Ҷ̧ͷԶֻɫ֣˫΢ڣء
｣ĿֲģǶѾڵĽǣȻ˿̣Ǳնˣ

Ľ
ʱС׳ˡ
С׿һ۾һҪƣʱֻɫͻȻֽһбն
ͣ
һɫʱҶС׼ȥ
ҶһѽС׶˺Ȼ˫͵ؽֱ֮ϣһֱȻ֣
䣡
һǿǶֱ֮𵴶Χռ˲ѣ
죡
ܿ죬ǵֱն˺֮ϡ
飡
ҶӲǧ֮Զ£ǵֱӱ˫ŴһĹ֡
Ҷ˫ۣҲţǶԺ֮ϣһĽۡҶڣѪҺҷڣȻһѪ֮ϹǶԺ֮С
Ҷ˫ۣޱȣԺ첻ǱС׼˶ѾƬĻղһֱӻնԺ죡
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ܿ죬Ǻǵۿʼָ
ֻѪڻָڻָѪҺУǺ֮ɢԽԽǿ
һĻҶд󾪣ʲô
ѪԽ࣬Խǿ
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ʱѾͻȻҶԡ
ҶѶѾȻֻɫȥ˫֮ϣѾ˵Ѫɫ档
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޵пһǱɫĽУ֮ɫ
һߣϾǲֵʹս˿̣ǲֵѾȫѹƣѺۡ
ӳоûֻɫ֣ҶߵѾȫܹѹĩ֮صġ
ȻֻɫǱɫĽһоͱδ֪ˣ
˿ҶҲˣ
رǶѾս£ڿ˵һԴ
Ҷ˫ſֻɫȥһϻȻ֡
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£һתʧ˳ǽ֮ϡ
ѾҪ׷ȴǱҶֹ
Ҷûȥ׷ֻɫڣ׷Ҳûʲô塣
Ҷ޵Уʦ棡
޵΢΢ͷûλãҸסĵط
Ҷһ㶣ܿ죬æЦУȻС
Ǵĺ°޵мζߵʵ˲˺üΰ
޵пܹ̫鵥Ĵڰ
˵ļ룬ڶԿĩ֮صʱ򣬾ͻ༸ֱϣ
ҶȻǻӭ
Ҷ˳һۣȻߣ飡
˵꣬˳ųȥ

һƬ֪Ŀռ֮УһŮһʯǰʯϣڷһ̣Աߣһ
е
ˣϴ
ŮɴһϮīɫĳȹ㷢Ʈڱ
ŮӾһö£Ϣ֮һöӡ
ŮҡͷһЦôˣջе㳤ġ
˵ţٴһӡ
һ˲гװ
ãŮЦҪ𣿡
Ĭһ˲ϵĺӾʧ
ŮЦЦЩ˼
˵ţߵԲԶһŸɿݵ£Աߣ׵Ʋ㡣
ŮӸ·ɫƽҴһ˿Ц⡣
Ƭ̣ͻȻתͷһߣô꣬𣿡
һᣬһԳ𣬡ܱã𣿡
ŮЦ⵹ҲǣŰ
˵ţת·Ŀܹά档
һᣬ𣬡֪㣬㲻ȥ
ŮЦЦְɣȻ̫ЩֻϣǲҪ̫ʧ
ԸܻḶۣ
ŮתͷһԶҵϣⱾأϧ
˵ţҡҡͷصʯǰ£ˡֱԣСǣǣ̫ˣŶҲǣмеʵġ
Ĭˡ
Ƭ̺㾿ʲô
ŮЦڣҾɱ㡣
ʵ̤ߣҵס㡣
ŮЦ
Ц㲻ҡ
Ůҡͷһ£ǲ롣
㲻ػά棬Բǣ㾿Ϊ
ŮӾһ£ȻЦ̫Сݲˡ
˵ţԶϴɾɡ
ǱߣĬһ˲ܿ죬һ𣬡ʱ򡣡
ŮЦЦȻתͷ·Ŀ⣬͸ռ䣬գĿһ֮ϡ
һưɫ۵Ľޡ
ǽиУͻȻ̧ͷ
Ů΢΢һЦȻһĨӵĶ


2726 ֮
Ƭռ䣬ưɫ۵ĽջĿ⣬ǰǰ
û෴ܸˡ
ܿ죬ʧ˲Զ
޾ǿգ͡

һƬ֮Уһӿ˿Լһ𳤴ǧɵĽɫ࣡
ˣǺţ
磬Ѿյĸɸɾ
ʱͻȻתռѿһд˳ϲ
Цл㡣
ʱһɺͻȻǿռֶ֮˫΢Уһ˿䱸ûǵû塣
һᣬʼ䶯
ģһɫĿס
ǣſЩ⡣
ħףպҶ˼׶а
ŵ˵ͷҲܾ
ҶսǷǳǿģõ˵ʵҲ˿֮ġ
߰ɣͻȻ
΢΢ͷǵѷ֮Уܿ죬ռѷϡ
źŵȥ翪ʼ֧顭
ĩ֮ء
һڵɽڣһҲţܿռ͸ĺɫ塣
˽
ʱһӰɽڣǰϲԽɹ
Խ
һĩ֮ǰȥѰҶʵԭԽ
ɽڣһ𣬡｣ǿеǣ֮ϣĽһ˽Ѿе޼ԶԶ
֮ǰΪβֱնɱҶ
Ҳĩ֮ģΪ֮ǰǰλѾѹҶ˵ġ
𣬡Ȼǲ𣿡
üͷ΢壬Ͻ󡣡
⣬ûнٴ˵أΪΣΪҶڿҶҵֱնɱҶҪԵģڣҶͲҵȶԣǻᣬΪҪľʱ䡣
ԭˣ
ֵ˴ȥѰΪ˿⽣Ȼ˽ܹġϧ黹жУΪ飬˽ضʵڿϧ
ҡͷڵҶ˵ʵǰλԳ⣬ûܹѹ
رҶ߻һȺˣ
һȺˣҲûһǼ򵥵ģ
뵽ʲôֵҵȸΣ
ʵ
Ļ
ͷתȥ
һᣬĻɽ֮УĻüͷ΢壬ȻЩϲ˵ء
֪ĵΪβڽһ
Ļҡͷ
У츳Уǣȱһ㡣
ĻԴֵ֪һ֣ʩչ
ĻҡͷУֻΪ
ֻΪ
ЦЦҶնɱζԿ
ĻĬ
ڴ˵㣬׾ҶÿսþȫÿһζսԼļޣˣһһβϵ㣬ĿǰΪֹһֱԭ̤𣿡
ĻɳĬ
ֵȫܳԽԼޣ
Ļ̧ͷԶ㾿Ǻˡ
Ĭˡ
ɽڶˡ
Ļֵ˵
ʱһƺͻȻûĻü䣬һ̣Ļһ㡭ǡ
Ϣɽڳװ

֮ǡ
⼫֮ǣȻҶĳǣȡ΢Щףͽм֮ǡ
УһѾΧҲ½½һЩ
ڣҶԶ
ڣʱֻԼ廹ˣ֮⣬ʱû⼫֮ǡ
ҶһۣȻλӦѾ֪ĩ֮صĴʵҲͲ˵ʲôˡĩ֮أѸľֻɫ֣֮⣬һ񣬻ĻԼǲֵͣһصĺˡ
˵⣬΢΢һ١
ΪѾ֪صĺ˭ˣ
ǰİ
ڸʯ֪ͨʱЩŵģӡУһֱǱģ
ջ˼Ҷ֮⣬ĩ֮ػһˣǾǺţδ֣Ҳһ䲻ȷء
˵꣬ЦЦȻֵǵĴرãȻҲر𻵡
ʱͻȻ棬ټǿ߹Щʤ󡣡
ҶͷЩҲɺӵģȻЩ˵ܶĩ֮ʲôвǣ˿ɾͲһˡͬģЩ˵ĩ֮Ǳȥߴͬĺܲ
ĬƬ̣Ҷ峤ϣ¾ͽȥ죬ЩҡڲˣԸ⹲ѣպҶǹ󣬵ǣǲԸѣֻ빲Ļˡ
ϵ˵ͷȻתȥ
Ҷ䣬֣Ǹӵ飬Ͱˡ
ͷھȥ
˵꣬Ҳת뿪˴
Ҷʾ£ܿ죬ֻʣҶһˣ
Ҷص˺
̨С׿ǰ｣ƬƲ֡
ڵ｣ɲǵ｣⽣ģȻһͿûˣ
̰
СսСצһҪݺݴһܵģ
ҶС׵СԴЦˣָܻ𣿡
С׵˵СԴȻСצһӣܿ죬｣ЩƬʼپۼ
һᣬСͻȻȥҶѾСףѾͷˡ
Ѿ룬ȻףҵƬٰ
СҡҡͷСצ˻ӣʾҪƬġ
ѾЩ棬Ҫɶ
СָָѾǶԽǣ˷ܡ
״ѾɫʱǰĲСףһȭȥ
գѾΣֻȥҶС׹ϵǳǳãǣĲܸСȥҸ㰡
ҶҵСףСһЦСצָָѾĽǣʾǸܼ̣ԸǽԿ
ҶЦǸԶѾҪҪǰ˵ģ֪𣿡
СգգۣȻѾܿ죬Сצ˻ӣʾҪˡ
ȻѾлǷǳǳҪġ
СжѾҪƬתˡ
УѾԶСף磬֮ǰֻ֣
Ҷͷ
ѾֵһϤĸо϶ʶġ
ҶתͷѾѾ̧ͷȥЩãȻѾܹܵһЩδ֪Ĵˡǿأ
Ҷ˫ۻ
Ѿ˵ǿ󣬿϶Ƿǳǿģ֪Ѿûжʱˡ
Ƭ֮Ҷ˷̨˿̣С׻ڶ｣
ޱ棬СףҶͻȻ֮Щˡ
˹ȥᱧСףȻЦСһǲǿҲûõġ
˵ţѾܵĲ｣
һУܿ죬һȫɵǰ
нף棬̫Ķڣ
ǰһҶͻȻЦͻȻࡣ֮䣬˽֮⣬ĽǱ˸ҵģǴű˵ĽǲҵĽ
˵ţ̧ͷʣɱ̫ռ䣬壬н֮ġغңҪµȿԸ׷һ𣿡
ˣ
һͻȻûҶü䡣
棡
ལδ
Ƭ̺Ҷ̯ģڣѪĽ棬ҶЦԺͽ򽣣֮򣡡


2727 ʵĽ

ҶЩп
ǸһʱĽףҶԼĽ
ֻн棬⽣ҶĽ
Ǻˣ֮ħħ
뽣ףֻǸҶҶӵеĽ
ЩˣǸģҲ˵Ľ
ϣ
⣡｣֮ԷʵԭǣǽԼĽ｣׷ĽҲǲϵġ
ﵽһ̶֮ҲԼ׷Ǻܶʱ򣬲ѡҲѡˣ
ãѾʶ㣡
ҶûзʣµǼڽ˭ĽڣǣǿԸΪ
޽ޣھҪȰѽˡ
ܿ죬ֱûҶü䡣
Ҷʱ䣬ν棬ôҶҲʲô֮ˣڣҪ飬粻ûлҪô
ԣѡ档
ĸ棡
Žûü䣬ҶȻһܿ죬ĸܵ˽׵һУ뷨ͬģҲܸͬܵҶ뷨ʵ뷨
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Ҷʣµļѽܿ죬ֱӽҶü䣡
ڣ
ջѡҶ
нȴûж
ҶҲǿЦЦȻһ̯｣֮УѽݵС׵ǰ
С׽ӹʼܡ
ҶС׵СԴȻתȥ
ںɽҶվɽ֮ϡ
ԶʣҶĬ˳˼

ؼ䣬ӦҪġڣҲ򣬲̫ԵˣҲ̡̫
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µûл·϶Ҫƴġ
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һʱҶͣɻصǰȻûһѪŮӡ
Ҷḧһ½գЦѰʱǱ
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ҶͻȻֽʣ˲һƬѪ죬类ѪɫĲһ㣬ޱȣ
֮УҶͷЩɱ뽣⣬˿̵˱Ѫɫ
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Ҷ˴ŻӮ˽˳УŻǿߵĵ֮ǲôˡ
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ĺܹϣ
Ҷ΢ƣЦЩ̯һѪɫĽȻ֡
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ˣ


2729 ֣
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ԶǱɫĽ΢΢һ


2730 ὣ
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ѪҺ룬Ǻ˲䱬һ貵Ѫɫ棡
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ȻͷųǵסǱֱӷ飡
ԶССצٻţ۶Ȼɱʵ̫ˡС׾ۼЩֱӱĸɸɾ
һĻСգգۣȻСצһӣܿ죬ǰ

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ǱֱӱɣͬʱǱ֮ϣƣ
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Ҷ˫΢Уֽ˽еĽ档


2731 飡
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Ҷ˫΢Уǰ˾Ȼֳ壬ǲܣǼɵʲôң
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Ҷûлش𣬶ǿһºڡ
˿̣ѾѾѹס
һĻҶʱһʵ֮ǰҲǶģĶѾСܹѹǽȻʵЩðգûкõİ취ˣ
Уʵֲֻ̫н߷ֿ߲ʤϣ
ãӮˡ
û֮վֻһʲôرڶѾСǰ
飡
ʱһըͻȻҶ˼˻תͷȥԶǲֵ֮ͣ⣬ĻҲԨĻĲѹƣ
ǿĺ򱻽޵ǣţʲô
ĩ֮ʣǿҲѾȫ汻ѹƣ
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һĻѾС΢΢һ㶣һ̣Ѿֱӳײ˹ȥ
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ʱҶͻȻǾβǰ˫ֳֽǾβ͵ؾһ塣

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ԶͻȻþòˣ


2732 ޱ
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ʱԶϵͻȻ˹Ȼȥ

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ԶҶɫѿģû꣡
˵ţͻȻŭ𣬡СףҲҽˣа֣һ㣡


2733 
ҶʵЩģ߸ŵĲĩ֮أҪЩʱϲ
Ĵûû˰
ܿ죬ҶЩˣ
Ϊû˭Խˣ

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˵ţ̧ͷңԶգĿ꣬

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˵⣬ҶԣܹģܻʮУ߳϶ѾֻƳƶп֮һսȻУ֮£ϵĴڡ

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άǿΪûκûκιأǿ߿ԣڣҶȻҪ󡣵ȻǿҶǿҶܵ߸
뵽⣬˿Ҷ鲻ԽҡͷһЦ
ڣҶĽҡͷһЦԽػˣڣҪԽػάˣڴ֮ǰҶһå
һңԶңԶ֮УһƬƶ֮ϣһīɫȹŮӴߵһǰŮӿǰЦЦޱҪ߸ҵء


2734 ˣ
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۵ôά棡
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Ҷ飬ʵûκһԵġ
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2735 Ұ֣
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˵ͻȻͣһ£һ̣ͻȻŭ𣬡Ȼ˽飬飡ػ飬

գϯɢʱ


2737 
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뵽ʲôҶɫƽǰСף


2738 
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2739 ĵ⣡

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2740 磡
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ȹŮҡͷҲ͸ڵ꣬ʹά棬Ҳ޷ֵ۷ʱڵҵĽŲȻȴͣ½Ų
˵ţҶҪʲô룬ʱӦö쵽ˡ
ҶЦƫƫˡ
ȹŮҶļ򣬡ס˵Ļ˺һȷʵǿһ״̬ǣһͬǿΪһֱңѾ
˵⣬ͻȻͣ
Ҷæʣʲô
ȹŮҡͷ̶ֳȡҲǣұﵽĸ߶ȣҵ˼ǣѾﵽ˻Ǻһ״̬ʱ̶ֳȣ
ԣҶɫ
δֲ̫Щңһ˺һںϰȹŮкã˵ʵһǸʱʵ쵽̶ֳȣ
뵽⣬ҶЩͷƤˡ
ȹŮӿһҶЦ𣿡
ҶͷеС£
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Ůӱ֮ɫһЦʹҶЩ㱡
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ȹŮعղŵĻ⣬άЩ飬ǳ֮ΪħȻУҲħڵά棬ʵѾǱһͳģһǿͳΣ壬Ƭ棬ûκˡڵ꣬ϴ󼸺һ֮סǣ
һ֮Ҷüͷ΢塣
ȹŮӵͷά֮Ӯˡ֮󣬺߲̤ά벽Էֻнάϴһսǳά棬ϴĶ֡ϴ󱾿ɱȥģǣûУ
˵⣬תͷֱҶͼıĿܲά棬С
˵⣬ȹŮɫͻȻһ䣬Ȼ̧ͷһ̣һֱӻһ
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СҲҪȥȴǱѾһѱ˻ѾƲƲ죬ףͲҪȥˣһ㣡
Сף
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ȹŮ£ͻȻԶ֮Уһƿն
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ǻգһ̣ǿǳȻʧɫ
һĻҶɫ˲ΪеĿ꣬ǰȹŮӣ
ʱȹŮָͣһ㣬
Զ
飡
һը˲䱻ɣеٶȲֱָȹŮӣ
ȹŮһУٴγУһ̣ھҲţơ
ȹŮޱ飬ôľǱе
һԣҶҪ֣ȹŮҡͷֹҶ
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ƽһȴԶص
ǹѾ벽ҶΪ֮ļ£
ȻʱǱеͻȻͣ
һ̣ȹŮͫȻһ
ͣ
еֱ԰ȹŮǰһ
һѪ


2742 ۣ
һĻҶɫ䣬Ǻܿ죬ȹŮǰ˿ȴԼٶȸԭ
ԶеҲûٴγǾ;
Ƭ̣һңԶ紩ռ͸̤˽磬ȡ
£ǱеͻȻһƽʧԶǿ֮С
ʱȹŮӿҶһЩǿģ赲һЩʣµģԼˡ
˵꣬תֱʧ˲Զ
ȹŮҶע£ʧƬǿ֮С
ҶĬƬ̣Ȼתͷ֮ǰеʧƬռ䡣
Ů˾ȻðȹŮӵ̤ά棡
Ҷɫ
ͼıЩʲô
άʲôֵͼıģ
˼⣡
Ҷתȥ
ʱͻȻͣȻתԶһ˳߼ܶ
ˣҶ˫΢
˵˾Щصɡ
ǰˣӦþǶԸ̽ģһ̬̽ȣ̽άʵ
ˣҶͻȻȥ˿̣ĿҲҶϣһ̣һǿѹֱӳҶѹȥ
ѹˣ
ҶϣɽڣҶһ鶼ûС
ʱҶͻȻʧԭأУһӰӶ
һ̣һƽͻȻͷ
͵سһɨһɨռ䶼ɨ
ܿ죬ֻ޴ֱɨƽ֮ϣȻûܹƽɨ飬෴ƽһն£ֱӽֻ޴ֱնϡ
ֱ£ͷһնס
˽£Ҷ𽣣תȥ
ͻȻ֮˿
ɱ
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֮ǰıʣǶ֪ģҲҪȥģҩֹڶҩҶǰȹŮӶ޷ԱĻЩȥҲġ
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ҩһλ
һλ
Ҷɫȥûˣ˲Ը
ҩ֪ӦһЩģǿҲˡЩǲˡΪ֮ǰսʱó˵ʱ򣬿ǣûгȻЩҪôǱأҪôǲǷǡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻǲǾˡԼ
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ȻҲ֪ǵĴ΢΢ͷһӿٶȣҪһЩ֡
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˵⣬ͻȻͣΪЩԥˣʵе㲻ڰǾˡ̵飬ͰǺĹˣ
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ҶתͷҩҩЦϵҵġ˵ǻģһЩ
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ˡ
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ܿ죬ʮ֮УȻҩнˣû赲Щ⡣
һᣬʮ˳Ҷǰ
ЩˣҶסˡ
Žڵӣ
ǰЩȻȫǹŽڵӣΪ׵ѩϻй½ɡ
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ȻЩˣѾǣУҶĹŽǵǰҶǰǵӣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷôˣ
ѩЦڿάΣյʱ̣ʱܲأ
ЦѩԼǣȻҵʵôǿţǻǻõġ
ҶЦˣǵأ
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ҶˣĬƬ̣ȻɫģôģҾͻôȥ
ЦȻˣ֮ˡ
ҶΪӣǰЩ˵ʵ˵ǣҪԵĵˣҲȷʵǿǣǶˣ
֪ܻˣ
ΪֻΪ顣
֪ΪΣǰЩŽڵ˷ܵɫҶ֮гһĸо
飡
䣬ֻ鰮飬飬ֵ֮顭
֮һ
Ҷջ˼ĹļȻߣȥһǰǺúøѧϰ
˵ţҵ˽޵С
Ҷ޵ǰһЦʦ棬ЩأͬţҲͽָָ£
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ֵһ˵ǣҶھǴĬϵǳ
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˵ţ˹ˣȻ°ɣѧ٣٣Լ컯ˣ
ԣæһ
Ȼֵǰ˭ǣҶ𾴣һʦ棬ʵ𣿸ϽôȲа
޵дӦҶҲһɣЩģΪ޵жˣˣеġȻʵ֤ˡ
˽޵֮Ҷ뿪ˡ
ڡ
ҶصڣڿտҲϾѲڡ
Ҷʶɨһºܿ죬ҡͷһЦ
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׼ȷ˵ڶԴ
ڵĶѾʵ˵ϾҶЩɵѡѾ֮ǰǿ˲ֹһΣ
棬ûκܹڶѾǰռˡ
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磬｣ںϡͬȻ޷ںϵģǿںϡȻըˡãû£ΪÿںǰԼԶԶģȻѾʶܻ飡
޷ں֮һ»ںޣǣССţȴʼˡ
УǾ
ʵû֪С׵ײõδһµְҵȫµְҵ

ңԶһƬǿ֮УӰһԶǿ֮ͻȻһţһ˲ϳܱͬʱӰسˣһˣ֮Զ
ܿ죬Ӱͣ
һСŮĨĨǵѪȻ̧ͷԶС죬Ӧÿ쵽ˡ


2743 Ҹƶˣ
ǰӰ㣡
ԭͬʱˣȴΪѡ
Ƣܶԣ
Ļ̧ͷԶңԶǿ֮УһЩصĹ㡣
ӦòǣͻȻ
תͷ죬άЩԶЩЩӦǵһݵ㣬֮Ŀռ䣬ܲάռ䡣
΢΢ͷûϵˡ
Цǵģˡ
˵ţ뵽ʲôתͷһۣ֪Сˣ
ԣתԶãһˣңģ߰ɣ
ʱһӰͻȻ˲Զ
Ӱ˫΢Уĵ⡣
ԶǵӰǰȹ
ȹͣ½Ųһ밢㣬ȻͻưɣϴˣС첻ˡ
˵꣬һֱʧ˲Զ
ɱ𣿡
ҡͷͬ
˵⣬תͷάķüͷ΢壬СʲôȻֱϴˣ
ҡͷһֱ£
ȥ𣿡ʡ
ʣ֣ʤϴ󣿡
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˫ֻʱұ߲ԶңԶǿ֮УһֲϢͻȻϯܿ죬һ˳Ƭǿ֮С
жʮÿһϽɫĿףֳֳʮɵľ޸
ЩվƬǿգһսѹ𵴵ǿնΪ֮
ȻΪ׵ȴһӣ
һӣ
ӵ󣬻һͷ;޴״ʨĴͷ˫۰죬һ֫һ֮
ӴһīɫۣͷһţǿУһǹǹһǹһЩǹһСأǱʲô
Щ˳֣ԶԼʱͣŮתͷԶӣޱ顣
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ɱ
£ͻȻһԾֱӳ˹ȥ
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飡
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ŵһ̣ǹˣҲͷͬš
飡
һ֣Իصԭλ
һ۲ԶͷӣЦӰ
ͷӿһŮӦöάǿߣΪҪһ𣿡
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ֹ˹ԣ
ͷֱʧԭأʱͻȻԭһתһ̣һǿͻȻϯͬʱһֻȭͷǰӡ
䣡
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ԶͷӿһĨ֮ɫ
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ӵȻȥά棡
ԣɫ˲ʱġŶһȻһ۲Զ밢㣬ǿ֪ܲҶѾάߣۼάǿߣ׼Կĩ֮άأʵһЩһȥܻᱻ
쵭ڿЦ𣿡
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ʱԶߺȾƱߵĵϣһ£ҪĻǵÿ㣬Ȼᣬǿܾʹ򲻹ˡǡ
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ҡͷһЦתȥ˼뵽ʲôͻȻղǼһҳˣУô
£һӰڳһ
ĳңԶƶ֮УһŮǰִһöӣûӣöָⲻϷ
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ܿ죬ŮӾ¡
Ȼȴûκζ
Ů̧ͷǰԶ£
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Ƭ̣ǱһƿάϣҵȽά棬ȻеĶΪ˵ɣ㾿ʲôͼıô꣬ΪΣ
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Ǳ߳Ĭ
ŮЦ㲻˹Ҿͽȥ
ʱһöͻȻ֮ϷȻֱնŮӡ
ŮһбǼסöӣţӷŻԭλҪڶˣɱ㣬Ҿãò
ǲᱻã
Ů΢ƣá
£ϵеŶȥ
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ŮЦһʱά治һģڣҪһ𣿡
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Ůͣ˽Ų߻صǰ£ȻЦʶʱߣܹĸһЩ
Ǳ߳Ĭ
Ůߵ˲Զǿǰվԣ·ƶˣƬ̣ҡͷһЦҸƶ֮£Ц


2744 һҪ
һƬ޾ǿ֮Уսڼ
Լ캱֡
ҶֻһĿģǾǲǰЩ˻ӽά档
컹ԣǵˣǰЩͬǵˡ
һʼȫѹͷЩˡ
׼ȷ˵ǣͷЩ˼ֻбķݡ
⼸Ů˵֣ʵֲ̫ˣ
ûãͻȻͣ
ŮͬʱͷЩƬռ䣬Ƭǿտռ֮УʲôҪƬռһһš
ܿ죬Ůע֮£ͷƬռ֮˳
ͷͷǣĿѪ֮У֮˫˫㣬׳ɽ

ԶͻȻ
쿴ȴ̧ͷ޾֮Удһ˿ɻ󣬡ϴ㾿Ϊ
û˱Ŀֲˣ
Ϊֹ֮ڵ꣬ϴԳ֣ѹάλǿߣ֮⣬նɱάĴܣ֮һ
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ȻڣȻһԳͷ
ɻ
ĸǸʲôʡ
Ȼ㻹ܵͷǿ
һ죬Ҫͷά棬ȻǱ˶Ҫ군
ʱԶͷͻȻɢĴѹŮϯȥѹֱõΧʮڵĿռһ˲
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죡
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ĸӼˣ
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ҶС׵СԴȻС˶ѾڵأҶߵѾǰѾЩƬӰ𣿡
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ѾЦûӰ磬Ҳƭ㡣СײҪЩƬҲҪġ
ΪΣҶЩ⡣
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ʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬һֱ̣ʧ˳С
УѾ̧ͷ֮УСף鷳ˣ
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ѾĨС׵СԴǲʲô⣿
СգգۣȻһֻצӻһԲȦţһצӻһԲȦֻצӽŻ˺üȦȦ
Ѿ˷ܵСףһ̾ҵ谥ͻȻ֣ĺȻܶС˼ҶѾ
Сף
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˫΢Уûг֡
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ʸţ
Ҷ˱ȭЦ֪λôƺ
ЦȻ϶ûҵģҲûʸ񡣡
ҶЦЦԭǽǰ֪ǰǰΪأ
˵ʲôأΪҪ޴أ㲻ôʣԵ̡
ʱͻ
ԭЦҶͻȻ˽ǰһ˲ıֱӽ֮ĿռӲ˺ѷ飬ͬʱһֱǽԴȥ
ʽնν
һ˲ıϴ˿Ҷʵ֮ǿء
ǽԣҶһٶ֮֡
ΪҶ䲻⣡
˽֣˭ռȻǷǳҪġ
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ͬʱһǿͬһӿ
ȻƸһֱֱӱҶĽѹ飬һն¡
ͣ
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ȻЩˣ
ͣ
һѪǽֱӱҶһն룬ȴǶݵ֮⡣
ҶҪ׷ʱһͷǰ
ͷ״ʨĴֱһҶ
ҶҪʱһСӰͻȻײͷϡ
飡
ͷֱӱײɣ
ߣǶѾ
Ҷ뽣ʣȻԶǽˣǣҶ֡
˵ţҶ̧ͷ֮У֪ڿţţҶֵܲס硣
£ҶͻȻνɱһҪ


2745 ͸ɣ
ɱ
ҶȥԶ޵еֱӳȺ˳˹ȥ
Ѿֱײ
˿ҲѾعѾײʱɫ˲Ȼ󲻸ʾĳŶѾײ˹ȥ
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ȻҲЩ⡣
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飡
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˿̵ĶѾ֮Ѿɺɫ
ʱĶѾΣյģҲɵġ˵ʱĶѾһ˸ҿ
Դ󷢣
ͷҲʶ˶Ѿǿ󣬴˿̵Ѿһ˿η塣
ûӣٴγŶѾ˹ȥ
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˫һսҶֱ߱ѹǽЩˣΪǽ˿Ѿɥʧս
ҶĿһֱǽǽҪȥʱҶͻȻʧԭء
һ棬ǽд󺧣ٻͷȻԱȴǴһҽ
Ĳҽ
һ̣ܵϢ
ʱһͻȻҶλһȥ
Ҷ΢΢һ٣һն
ͣ
һն˵ֱֻӱն£һ̣һֱնǽ

ʱ֮ǰٴγҶҶһûлͷ䣬΢΢һܿ죬һڽն

ֱնˣԼһֺֻݺɨ
һɨǿֱӽΧռ飡
ȻԵؼļ֮һ
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ҶǶ֮ǰЩʲô뷨
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ҶЦû˵𣿡
ʱͻȻ֣ȻһϣңҲû·ԣ˵ɣҪôǾ͸ô㡣ͶʲôģڳλǴû˻޴뷨ģ
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ʱһߵԽʱҵԽҪŽᣬЭлһҶ
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УҶһۣȻҲĪҪ̫ۣάʵǿǣҵҲ֮ǰλǰԣҵֻҪŽᣬûӮģղţǲӮ𣿵Ȼ
˵⣬Цˣһ𣿡
˿ҶҶЦѾˣˡֱԣǾҪ͸ɣɣҲҪѳ죡


2746 ţ˭ᰡ
֮ض
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Ϊ־棬ֻ׼пܴӮⳡ̡
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˵⣬Ҷǳ㣬Ҳֵס󷨡
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ӵͷңһ棬ά֮У˵ܳԽ塣
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ҩҡͷһЦһ
˵ţɫѾǣûϢû´Ӧ뿪ά棬Ѿ˵ʬǰǰά֮ǿѰҡʬǰʱǿߣȥҸˣӦǲġڰﻹСͬûϢ
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ܿ죬Ҷ뿪ǡ

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Ƭ̣ǵ𣬡ҲпܳΪˡ
ŮǷһĨζЦݡ

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Ҷó̫Ľһֱ̣ʧԭء
磡
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ܿ죬Ҷһ磬һ֪磬ҲһѾ׿ݽߵ磬Ƭ飬߾Ѿȥ
Ƭ磬ȻģΪ
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ʱԶҶͻȻʧԭء
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ޱ΢΢һ㶣ܿ죬ǷһĨʱҶһЦţ˭ᰡ
ޱߣ


2747 Ҫھʹ
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֣ȻЩ򲻹Ҷˡ
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ҡͷ㲻Ҷ֣ȺˡֱԣԸ⣬ڱǡܴ󣬶Ҷһöӣһö΢ôһҪӡ
Ҷ˵ͷ׵ģЩжģҶһ΢С
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˵⣬ָˣҿԱ֤֮⣬˶ҪȻǿҲҪûϵֻҪ˵ھ͸սݡ
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Ҷάƴʱӿ϶ͱӣʱĸܵУ
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ѾЦȥڵء

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Ѿҡͷҵ壬壬ԭҲڣֻǱһŮѹĳطҪһԼ塣ȻҲǿԵģǣ̫ˡ
˵ţҶǸʱˡ
ѾСǺܶǿ׵ģ
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Ҷ룬Ȼǵʲôط𣿡
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УϾתȥ
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ҶѾԴѾ˵ʲô
ѾջĿ⣬ԼĽǣţҶ㵵Ŀ֮УѾȻԼһֻǡ
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ѾֻǺԴϲûˣǵݸҶ³Ľǣжǣһֻ㣬һֻСס
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ҶѾ㲻ñǰģԼԸ㶨ģ
ѾҶҲǰǰҿܾͲʶСˡǣǰҾû취ǸŮˡɱС׵ģ


2748 ޶Ѿ
ҶŶѾŶѾޱȵ棬Ѿ֪ڵĴǺܲãǳǳĲãǣˡ綥ţʲô飬㲻ҪҪҲҪҶס˲Ŷ𣿡
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ɣ
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ѾɣЩһһֻһɵԼֻһҿܾû취ٻָ۷״̬ˡܿٻָ۷״̬ҾֻܰЩСɫˡ
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ҩԴ䣡ڣԴڷ䣬ңܹȣΪѾõһЩ΢ˡǾãЩԴӦüиңʹЩ磬ҲֻǺССһ֡άͻ־޴ǿ࣬ǿͻԽԽǿʵԽԽȥͻγһѹȡߵѹһ㣡
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ҶЦЦŶѾֳԶȥ˼ȴƮ˱𴦡

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ѾƬ֮еҶſţͻȻ峺ˮǣȴЦˡ
ܿ죬ѾĨĨϵˮȻԼͷǶԽȡţǶԽǷǰ磬ʵ֪˭򲻹ǵģ֮ǰڱСףڣһΣСҪúõģ
˵꣬תȻȥУˮ磬Сף㡭ҪԶǵҡ
һȥ޶Ѿ


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ڣŵһ񣬾þΪ


2751 ƶԼ
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ҩͷѾˡ֪ĩ֮صˣĿʵҶҶڵԼ飬ˣ̫ܻҵȡңʱҲ֣Ϊ˴˵أôҶضάȥʱţȥðա
룬Ȼ㰲Űɣ
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ҩͷѾϲһͨ󷨣Ҫһټңʱϣң֮⣬һЩ飬ǾһЩõҥԣڴĩյˡЩҥԽάܶطĻ̻̣Щǳû飬ҵ飬Щ֮УλµһЩ븽ӹ
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ǿ֮УҶС
ĳƶ֮ϣǰһŮͻȻ̧ͷ棬Ц־ˣҪѰά棬
ŮӶ棬һͻȻ𣬡ģ
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2752 ֽ£
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ѾǶԽǶʱܺȻѣʱϣһȭ˶Ѿͷȭͷ֮ϣ˸صɫâ
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ʱԶĶѾͻȻ˳˹ȥٶȲǺܿ죬ÿһ£õؾ


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ԶѾĨĨѪ̧ͷ֮ϣɺ˫ЩãȻΪʲôҪɱ
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2753 򾡹棡
Ůӻδ߼ͻȻͣ
ŮҡͷһЦ㻹۷ʱڵ㣬ɱ㣬̫ȤЩҵһʱ䣡
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Щ䣬õ񲻶ңһִ
һǳǳִ
ԼһҪЩʲô磬ɱƶ֮ϵŮӣ
ѾջĿ⣬̧ͷԶޱѾʧˣֻʣһľ֦
ѾɿȭͷԶȥ
¶һˡ

ĳǺ֮Уս쳣ļң
Ůӣͷ
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أ
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죡
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ΪκҪά棬Ⱦһأ
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СȴôСףȻǲ֪С˵ʲôΪС׻ӵ̫ˡȻⲢûʲôӰ죬ΪֻҪúõİС˵ˡ

С׵˼ʵܼ򵥵ģǾҪСȴܹܵĳ̶ȣ
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Ҷ㶣ȻһЦָ֮ϣάţƵĻᱻһŮѹ겻ҳҪĻȥȥ


2754 Ա
ԣǲħɫޱȵѿ

άȷʵάҪʵҲҪǿܶܶࡣ
˵Ǹʱά⣬ڵάû취άȡʹʱ֮⣬άҲû취ά濹ģ
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֪ҶʤˣǣҶضǲʤҶһǿߵԱ»ܹȻ
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ҶԶǿ֮УãԳһЦӢۣôõİ


2755 սǲս
ң
ղһսԣʵеңǺǼףղǾԿǲħԱġ
ħΪͱǿ̫࣬ԷԱǲʵֲ̫
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ʱҶ佣֮УһɽͻȻն

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ǵĿ꣬ά档


2756 
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Сһ
ҶҡͷһЦȻѺǼļ˷̨ϣ뿪˺

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˫ֽǰΣ˭ҲȲ


2758 ս
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2759 ȳ֣
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ԶӰӵƲ١ҡ
ʱԶͻȻһĲҽӰתͷȥԶһֱǿл׹䣬ͷͷվһŮӣ
ǰϾ
Ͼ俴һӰӣȻתһͷ˹ȥ
һߣʮҲ
˵ӰѾܣ
ӰӳĬһ˲Ȼ̧ͷҶͻȻ֮Ҳ
ԶҶ˫΢У֪Ӱӵһˣξʤˡܽо潫˲ת
ԶӰͻȻһɫĳìһ̣ǱìͻȻֱֶҶ
ìתռըѣ
ҶûзأһǱì˹ȥ
ܿ죬ҶеĽնǱì֮ϣһ˲䣬ǱìֱӹѿʱҶ䣬һն
飡
Ǳìֱӱն飡
Ҷ˽棬סǰ͵ؾһ
䣡
ԶӰӲûӲҶһǳȥһˣѾǧɣҶ˾롣
ΪһߣǼͷЩѾˡ
ڴȥЩ
ӰֱʧԭأԶϾ˲һĻ׷׺ˡ
ٴ˾룬ңңԡ
Ҷһ۲ԶӰӣȥɣ
Ӱ΢΢ҡͷôأ
˵꣬ܵĿռͻȻҲܿ죬һǿϢЩռ֮𵴳
һĻɫ
ҶͻȻ˻ȥ
˵ͷ׷׳ȥϾҶǵ
һᣬ޵еѾ׷˻ǡ
Ҷ밲ϾҲȥӰӲ֪ΪΣûг˲֪ãܵĿռͻȻѿܿ죬һӴ˳
УһЩ֪ޣ֮⣬һЩֳֳì
ܿ죬ϿձЩӴӰǡ
һεѹǣ
ڣ̧ͷʵȺǿߡ
ľս
ʱһӰͻȻϿգǵӰӸ·ҵĿֻ꣬ҶҶҵȥһʱʱ俼ǡһʱ֮ǲҶҵȽ̤ƽǣ
С
Ҷ俴һۿУȻ˻ص˴
ڣռĳء
Ҷһۣô
ҩĬ
ʱǲʺϷԵġ
ʱԨͻȻȻһսţû˻Ĺɣ
Ӯ˵ͷ֣ʱǾԾĹΪǸʱǾǵϵ⣬ôоôУ
Уǿ߷׷׵ͷ
ӰӵĻ޷ǾֻҶǵĹϵ˶ԷĻʱôĶ֪
ʱһ߿Ҷֱ˵ôɣһΣ
ҶһۣȻϣ
˳
Ҷӣ󷨿׼ˣ
ӵͷһ׼
Ҷ΢΢ͷ߰ɡȳ֡
ˣ


2760 ȼ꣡
ȳ֣
ò˵˻Щ£
Ȼ֮ǰӰչֳʵ˻Ӱġ
Ҷһۣôˣ
һЩֹ
ҶһЦǲҲһġһǣȳ֣ռǾأ
У˵ͷ
һ˷׷߳˴ܿ죬ʮǿϢΪ׵ģһƽ⣡
ϿգΪ׵ǵӰע·ʮͷ֮⣬һЩǿޣʮͷ
֮⣬жʮλֳֳìĽ
ʮλ쳣ĸߴ󣬱ٴ
Ӱ΢΢ҡͷ
£Ҫ֣ʱ·ҶͻȻͣ
ܿ죬Ҷ˳ɢ
·УͻȻ׳һɫģܿ죬Ǹڿлһƽɢ˿
¡
һ˲䣬Ǿһţһǧɵľ޴ɫг
ɫɢϢ֮ǿõó˶Ϊ֮ݡ
ʹҶҲЩ⣬һܹȫס
ȻǿǶԣһ£
ʱӰͻȻǽɫǰһǵɫ
䣡
һͬʱӲͣǲûɢӰ֮УһǿԴԴϵ𵴶
Ĵ߶£ǽɫۿɼٶȹţ
ԶҶͻȻʱ򡣴ϣ
£ֱӳһ˹ȥ
ҶĻϾҲǷ׷׳˹ȥ
Ӱӱס߶ԣõĻᡣ
ȻЩЩ֮ǿȴǳҶԤϡʹûˣ߾ȻҲûκƣ
رЩԷʵҪ߳һأ߽ǿ߲ܹԿһ
ƣ
Ҷ밲ϾһۣҶһö
·ڣüͷĬһ˲һңڣһɫԲȦ֮࣡
һӡȻ
ڣЩɫԲȦʱת
䡭
棬ͻȻܿ죬һ޴Ĺ𣬵֮УЩֱ˺ѿռ䣬ǵϿա
糤գһĻ׳ۡ
ʱӰϢͻȻǡ
䣡
ǵɫֱըѿ
ӰӲûг֣ЩԼЩɣǣЩٶȴǸ죡
ӰͻȻʧԭء

Щǰһž޴׵ͻȻ֣һ˲䣬׵籩һӿЩ
¡¡
Ͽգ׵罻ը˲䱻û
Ҷ˳ˣΪЩըʵе㺧ˣȻǲ壬ǲ˷Щϣ
˽ʱƽ
Ӱӵɴڣ
Ҷֽ˵ˣܿ죬ǰʮɵλãս
Ӱ΢΢ͷս
£ֳȻһ
ͣ
ռ˺ѣţһ޴ɫ׵бӲ˳
Ӱǵ͵سҶλþһ˦
͡
ǵ׵֮Ŀռֱӱճޣ
Ҷ˫΢УҪ֣ʱһӰͻȻһ
ǰϾ
ϾֳսֱӴǵ׵֮ϣ
䣡
ǵ׵һ󼤲Ǻܿ죬ϸë˿ŰϾȥ
ʱһƬն
䣡
̼䣬Ƭ˿ֱӱƬն
ǣǰһ׵Ȼ֣Щ׵֮Ӱӣ
һĻɫ
ӰͻȻָһ㣬ָģ·ǡ

һ˲䣬׵һ·Ǽȥ
һ̣ϿѾЩɫ׵縲ǣ
ڣȻѾһĻһĨ󷨶Ǿɣ
˵ţ˫ֿٽӡܿ죬ڣеɫȦת
һ̣õȫ

ܿ죬Ͽգһ޴ĽɫĻɫĻǣ֮⣬Ļ֮ĿռͻȻѿţɫ˳
һ˲䣬ʳΪЩЩ׵ս
Ƭս֮ϣһƬս
ҶӰӵѾٴսһ
һᣬѾʼ䡣
Ҷ밲ϾֲϵΧӰӣҶ밲ϾΧӰӾȻ˿·磡
䣡
ʱҶ밲Ͼˣǰһɫױ޴һĴ̶ɨ
ϾҪ֣ʱҶס˰Ͼȥǣ
û˰Ͼ߸άĶ֡
˫ʵе
Ͼ΢΢ܿ죬תʧ˲Զ
ڰϾȥһ˲Ҷ˲Ѫ
ħ
ֽĽǵ׵ֻʱͻȻȻνһն
ͣ
һն£ǵ׵ֱӱһһΪʱһӰϮ
Ҷ䣬ͻȻն
ʱǵӰͣţֱסǱǣһȴͷն
ǲӰƽ֣סҶһ
ǣӰȴǱһԿм׹£
ڿУҶνն
ʽħ
һ˲䣬ҶԼ֪Լװγ˶ٽ
ͬʱӰеͻȻӰӵֱ֣ӳӰӵԴ˹ȥ
ӰͻȻɣҶ
ҶҪ֣Ӱ˫ͻȻʮ
䣡
ҶܵĿռƾըѣţһɫһžֱӽҶͬʱЩ֮һž޴Ѫ޿ڣѪ޿ڽЩ׶
Ҷ˫΢УһȻ˫ֳֽǰ͵ؾһ塣

ʱãٴʩչ˽
һ˲䣬סΧеһԼѪ޿ڣ֮⣬ƬڣͻȻ֡
ʹ
Ƭ֮УݺύиһᣬƬ׾նǣ⽣֮Уȴǳһž޴Ѫڣ
ЩѪھȻûã
ͬʱǵӰͻȻʧԭء
ܵУ
ҶǷһĨ壬ҪƴˣʱһӰڳһ
أ
ԭʧӰֻصԼԭλã
ܿ죬ǵӰž޿ǰӰֽһ
͡
ž޿֮ϣȻ֣һᣬž޿ڷһҽȻˡ
ҶǰվһȹŮӣ
ǰȹ
ȹŮֱֳֽ俴ŲԶӰӣϴ󲻹ˡҹܣ
£һӣһƬ𵴶
Զͷͷŭ˳ȥͬʱӰӸǱһƬƵˣһˣʮɣ֮⣬ŰȹŮӵʧԶìͷ­ֱ˿
һ˲䣬Ӱܵش
ʱĳƶ֮ϣһϢڴ˽磬ұɱ㣡
£һͻȻͷ
е
ȹŮӿһеȻתͷҶָһ㣬һҶǰġ
£ȹŮȫͻȻȼ
ȼ꣡


2761 ǵ
еĳ֣˲䰲
ȹŮȼһ̣Ӱӵ˸ˣóǺǼɵ
Ҷд󺧣ֱʩչǿѹ˰ȹŮϵĻ棡
ȹŮӿһҶȻ̧ͷһǱеת˲ֽ𡣶ǹɻȴʧˡ
˷׷̧ͷ
֮УеͻȻ¡
ܿ죬˵Ŀ֮Уȼյǣҵķʽײһ
䣡
ͷһƬռ֮УͻȻ𵴿˷׷ױˣЩ𵴿Ľʵֲ̫
Ǻܿ죬һƬռ֮ƽһᣬһŮԿм׹£
ǰȹŮӣ
ȹŮӺ󱳴ѪһСȪˮ¡
ȹŮͷԼɴλãеֱ¡
һĻҶɫ䣬æ嵽˰ȹŮӵǰס˰ȹŮӵ֫Ȼֱ͵˺ڡ
Ҷ̧ͷеѾͷ
ҶŤŤӣУһڽ

Σ뿴ܲܿе
Ҷҽ͵һ塣
䣡
µһƬռֱӱ飡
ˣֽ
˵Ŀ֮УҶĽеĽ֮ϡ
â
һӴһ̶Ľڳس˶Ĥһʹ׵ҶϳѪ
꣡
ʱһĶͻȻڳ
ˣ
˿޵еɫ˲
Ϊѵ
䣡
ʱҶԿм׹£еδ׷תʧʾͷ
У޵еæסҶ˿̣Ҷ鲼ۣһҪҶиһ㣬ޱȡ
ԶǵӰȻŹᣬҪ֣ʱһǿϢͻȻұϮ
ǵӰӻȻתͷʱһӰѾǰͬʱһֻȭͷѾԴ˹
ӰͬսȭͷȻһȭ
䣡
Ӱһ֣ɣ
ӰӶ棬һŮӣ
Ӱ
ղϴ֣Ҷõʱ򣬵ǣû뵽·ɱһ
ʱǰĿռͻȻһˣ
˵
ЩԥӰӵתʧ˲Զ
Ŀ죬˵Ҳ죡
̶̵ʱʧ˵С
û׷˿Լȭͷȭͷ֮ϣһƬڡ̧ͷһԶĬƬ̺תͷԶİϾˣ˲򵥣СӸϽָ
˵꣬תʧ˲Զ
һߣĩ֮ص㻹սѾͣ
׼ȷ˵ŮѾǵİΧ
ҲӰΪδæȥԭһŮϻȥǼûκʤ㣡
ˣ
ǿ֮УעԶǰ֪Ӻ
ʱԵޱͻȻŮʵ̫ǿ¶ʵҵȶǣûʲôʤ㣡
ֻסǣûɱǣʹҶ򲻵ѣҲɱ
ΪΣޱЩ⡣
ĻҲˡ
˵ˡҶĵˣǣǣҲǳҪϵġ
Ϊβ֣ĻͻȻһ䡣
ҡͷһ·ˡңҪ棡
Ļ棬֣ضһս
Ҷһˣά棬һԼǿ˵Ҷ֣ҪԿǲܵ飡
ҡͷһЦȰ̫ˡ
˵ţָָָͷҶ֣ƶȻ
һսĻʡ
˵֪Ӱ˭־άĵȼ˵һ۷ǣɱŮѹġΪֹı嶼ҳά档ʹ۷ʱڡ
ޱ߳ѵһֱôȥ
ҡͷȣһʵĻᣡ
ʲôʱʣһԵ۳ʡ
ǣҶǣάǡ˭̲סƴʱ򡣡
˵ţ̧ͷǿ֮Уû´ıʲôǣӦÿ쵽ˡڵ顭Ӧ˵ġһʼڱȣٳɳԸѾָԭ߰˳ˡ顭ҲҪˡ鳹׻ָʱһо͸ýˡ
ޱ߳ҪҵıҪĵġҪҪʲô
˫ֽǰ鳹׻ָʱǾͻ֪ˡ
ʱӰͻȻ˵ǰԶ
ӰӳȻסǼŮˣ
ҡͷ˵Щ壬߰ɣҸط飡
˵꣬תȥ
ԭأӰӳĬãջǸȥ
ǡ
˿̵Ѿָƽǣڵɳޱȡ
ΪҶ
˴ҶѾ䣡
˵ڵֿʼĻ̻ˡ
⣬վŶʮǿߡ
Ϊߣǽ޵У
˿̣ʮ˶ڵȴ
ȻɫҲصġΪһҶϢ̼ǻ߽⣡
Ҷڣȣ
ڣһˡ
ڡ
ҶǷ̨ϣԱߣСףʫԼҩŮ
Ҷұ߲ԶŵȹŮӡ
Ҷۼ˺̫һԼָ
Щ޸£ܿ죬ҶϵЩ˿ʼָ
ǣ
ǰȣֱر
ȻǰҲͬһеµĽۡ
Ҷڽָʱ˽һ
һԵĶҩҲһΪ滹кܶڵϢҶ䣬ǻɸʲô
ãˣ
Ҷ۾ʱСһӾȥֻСצӽҶĲӣԴϵزҶ°͡
ҶһЦСһ
˵ţСվ
һŮЦǵˣ
ʫ΢΢ҡͷ¾ͺã
Ҷ˵ͷȻһԼϵˣ˿̵ɱ鲼ۣ
ǿĽ
Ҷɫ
֮ǰӲϴһʱŷ֣Ů˵ʵĻҪ°
һջνǾ޴
Ӳһڽ棬ַһµķ
Ǿ仰ÿһεսܣܹԼﲻ㣬ܣ̡
ջ˼ҶתͷǰȹŮӣû°ɣ
ȹŮʱ۾ãȻĿǿա
˶û˵
Ƭ̣ȹŮĸɱҡѾǵǸأǵǸҡˡ


2762 ߴ½ңӣ
Χ˷׷ȥֻʣҶȹŮӣСס
С׿϶ǲ˵ġ
ȹŮӻǰǸɴڡ
ȹŮЦЦҵˣ
ߣ
ҶüͷΪʲôҵ˼˵Ϊβκã
ȹŮҡͷڴ˵أڱ֡
ҶĬǰղ˵ʲô˼
ȹŮ΢΢Ȼɱңζܲںˡ
˵ţҶΪ۷ʱڵң˵ѾĳԽ۷ʱڵңֻǿ
ҶĬ
ȹŮ֪ҵ𣿡
Ҷҡͷ
ȹŮЦЦҲһͨˣһǳǳͨˣ˵ܲţҶʮſʼΪǸʱʣϡܺڰһʱ
˵ţĿҶϣ֪ҵΪôǿ𣿡
Ҷҡͷ
ȹŮЦ顣ҵĵʵһ;ġڣѾ֮ܳһ
Ҷ
ȹŮתҶұҷֽ֮ǰ뱣磬Ǹʱңѹά棬ƽά棬Ҳ˵ƽ桭ǣ̫ǿˡǿѾܲסҵԣҡҷֽ⡣ĸǿǸ
˵ţ̧ͷƬգ֪Ҹղһûн¡֤ʵȵ۷ʱڵңڻεάά֮䣬Ӱ棬ζš
˵⣬û˵ˡ
ҶЦô˵˲ǣ
ȹŮҡͷתͷҶƴһƴҲг·أ
˵ţҶļͰɣ
˵꣬ȹŮѾ뿪˺
̨ҶĬ
˿̵Ѿʶԡ
Ůˣ϶ͼıܴġ
ȻҪǣԷҪСѾ

Ҷ̧ͷſУСѾ£ͱҪƴˡ
ĬƬ̣Ҷصڡ
ڵأȻ󽫽Լϥϣţ˫ۻ
Уֻʣ֮ǰһ

ǣڸղеӲƴʱȴܣ
ƣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡͷڵģʵ֤վ˶ǿ󣡲˵еҪԭҶϴ
£ʲôûã
֮⣬һν֮УϴĽ
һĽ
һ˲֪ԼĽԼΪʲôһŵˣ
ľһļޣ
ڣҶ붨ɮ
һһ

⡣
Ŷҩ˺˷׷ӿ˴ڡ
ҩһۣȻûˡ
ԣ˶ʱһ
ҩҲģڣǵĶ棬ά棬ĩ֮صˣԼ˵ֱһ㣬ǰ;һδ֪
Ӯ΢΢ͷ˵ģȻ֪ڣٻᰲһ㡣ں棬ֻܾ£ˡ
˷׷׵ͷʱǳƴ⣬ûκεѡˡ
Ͷ
˼Ҹϰ
ڵά棬ֻܱһţŽһ£ϣ
ҩֵڳĻ̻̣λȥһ°ɣ
˷׷׵ͷҪתȥʱҩͻȻֵ
˿ҩҩĬƬ̣Ȼţɢ֮µˡ
ԣɫʱ
ҩǱĴˡ
Ĵ㣡
Ƭ֮󣬵˷׷ȥ
ֻʣϾ붡ҩҩһԣɫˮ
һᣬͻȻϾӦ֪ζʲô
Ͼû˵
ҩϣ֪һΣҾǵӮ棬㡣
ϾҩҩЦҲ֪Ҫʲôǣ֪ھǱȦ֮ԲɱûɱɱǾԵʵǰûκεֿ
˵ţתͷڵʵǿǣһҪԵģˣһ涼Ϊ֮񡣡
Ͼ̧ͷԶʣҲգҲգһ𡣡
ҩһ۰ϾЦҲǡҹ̫̫ˣһҶԣҲһֽѰɣ
Ͼҡͷδֹ㡣
˵꣬ʧ˳С
ڣҩĬãͻȻЦ
Ͽա
Ůע·ǣŮȻ㡣
һᣬСӱǰǿ˲١
΢΢ͷ۽һĨЦ⣬ȷʵɳ˲١
˵ţ뵽ʲôͻȻ̧ͷգûаɱŮˣ
ҡͷ
Ĭ
ʱֵǿȥ֮ǰǵǸˣҲԸ㡣
΢΢ͷһ·Ȼתʧããǿ֮С

޾ǿ֮Уһ޻ǰߵĺһ㡣
һֱôţ߽һĻ֮УۣһƬµ硣
սһ㣬Ÿսζ
磬Ŀ
һĻüͷ΢΢
ʱڽǰһӣһϮīɫֻۣһۡ
޿ӵ󣬺ܿ죬ջĿ⣬ûбǿˡ
΢΢ͷ־ôƺ
ߴ½ңӡ
־ά棬ֻΪһս
޵ͷֻʤԲ
־ĬãҡͷҷǸ¶֡
ҡͷҾܣ
־ƴһսܣǸˡҲƴ
޳Ĭ
־΢΢һ񣬡¸̧֡
Ҫά棿ͻȻһ䡣
־ͷ֮֡
Ĵָ΢쳹
־˫ֻգʱ׼֡뽣ܣʮǿϢݣǵǿֹ
ֻΪǰһˣ
ˣ־·һ޴ļ̳Ѿڿʼת
ʱͻȻתͷĿ·𴩹ռ䡭Ƭ֮󣬽޽еĽ˻ȥ
־˫ȴɽգٴС
תԶȥ
ΪΣ־ʡ
δ֣Ҳҽ˴ѣһ֮նɱڴ˵أڣҪˡ
ΪΣ۾ʡ
ȴû˵ʲôˡ־˵ע£ʧ˲Զ
Ƭ̣־˫ۻΪδ˵ǿ߻ά棬һ𣡡

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̧ͷգһЦһУͦõġ


2763 
ȻҶ
ֻ˿̵Ҷ֮ǰѾȻͬɢʲͬ
ʱϾߵҶԣϲ
Ҷı仯Ȼܹоóġ
˿̣ҶһЩࡣ
Ҷתͷһ۰ϾЦЦȻ̧ͷƶˣһ֮󣬲֪жܹ
һͬ
ֻǾֲսڣһ̴άܶᱻ١
̫ǿˡ
ʱ޵е˴ǰҶʱϽ鲻Խ¶Цݡ
Ȼǰ·ãһĴϣġ
Ҷλһ֮ǳܻģǺˡ
ӮЦҲû취飬𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷǾƴһƴɡƴӮȻãҿԼãƴ䣬Ǿǳһսɡ

˽ǴЦ
Ц֮УкȻҲЩΡ
ѹȣά棬ҪôսҪôս
ûбѡˣ
Ҷ밲Ͼ뿪ǣһ·ǿ֮Уһӷǿ֮УôߣǰϾ
ҶͻȻЦδҶһҲһ硣
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ϾҶҶָָԶϣϾ΢΢ͷҶ˼
ʱҶͻȻʧԭأԶһֱǱ֮ϡ

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ʱԶȹŮӽֵӰͻȻˣ˵ʱתͷһҶ
֮Уһ˿ţ


2764 սʹ죡

Ӱ֮ûѡ赲Ҷԭ򣬻ΪҶûʵܹƿǱϡ
ǣû뵽ҶѾﵽ
ӰҪطʱһƬѾ·ͬʱǰվһŮӡ
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ȹŮ΢ƣһ̣Ӱܳһ⣬Щһһ㽫Ӱ
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䣡
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䣡
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ӰֳֳìͻȻԶ͵ؾһ
һˡ
ҶͻȻͣתһìѾǰҵλá
Ҷǰһ粽ͬʱνһ̡
һǳɣ

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ҶȴͷҲصתʧԶȻһֱߵİϾ
ǿ֮С
ӰӿԼǰİȹŮӣ֪ѾŹˡңеΣ
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ӰӵѰ·
ȹŮӵ˵ͷӦҲ֪ͬŹ㣬ΪҪʹάά治ܹ棿
ӰЦάڵά棬Ѿ֧飬ǡ
ȹŮҡͷǾȡĦһ壬Ϊάǿ֮ôԴάЩģɱգʹʧȥƽ⣬ǱǺ޽ƵĻӻ㣬˭أ
ӰҡͷҪƽ棬ԣɱŮˣҺƽ棿
ȹŮӿһӰӣȥƴά֮뷨ǿԵġ
Ӱû˵ʲôͻȻ˰ȹŮӵǰʱȹŮ̧־һһ˲䣬콣⽫Ӱ֡
Ҷ밲ϾȴѾһ·ɱά棡
һ·ϣһǿ߲ϳ֣Ȼʹ۷ǿҲԽҶһ
һ
ʱҶѾǵҶ

ܿ죬Ҷ밲Ͼһյľ޴ǳǰǰڰգӴ󣬶ǳǽ֮ϣվһֳ־޸Ĵ󺺣
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·ҶޱĿһԵİϾѾЩ
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γһһ˲ԲǧڵĿռ˲
־ֻսһ˲䣬ǰͷһõĶܡ
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һը紺һڳ쳹
ҶĽ֮ϣȻûܹõĶܣ
ӲסҶһ
ʱһӰڳһҶǰ־ͻȻʧԭأٴγʱѾǧ֮⡣
ҶǰǰȹŮӡ
ҶԶ־ڲ
û뵽ѵȻκβ־
ҲôҲά֮ûʵôܻڣ
ȹŮӵߡ
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У
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֣
ʱһͻȻһԴ
ҶתͷԶһȺˡ
ʶ
ĩ֮ص˵ˣ


2765 
˵ĳ֣оƶҶԽˡ
ҶȹŮӣǸ
ҪģڣԼŰȹŮҲ־УվЩǸġ
ȹŮЦ綼Եģ
˵ţ촽һΣû
ҶȴͻȻһߣ
𣬰ȹŮеͻȻһһ̣һ˲䣬籩һڳм俪
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ղ֮ԱԷٶѹҪԭǶԷǴͬһռ䣬Էлռﵽֹȵٶȣ
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ȹŮͻȻһѪɫĻ棡
ȼ꣡
ͬʱȹŮѪԼ֮ӿȥ



2766 
ȻȹŮҪԼ
ʱһصͻȻס˰ȹŮӡ

⽣סȹŮӺ󣬰ȹŮĻ˲䱻ǿѹȥ
ҶȹŮԣһ۰ȹŮӣ˵ҶκΪˡ
ȹŮֱҶһ𣿡
ҶһЦҲɣҲû취顣
ȻЦҶ۽ȴѾˮ
һ·̫̫ʧˡ
ڤѪŮ޵УĻϡ֮ǰΪָĶѾ֮лˡ

˭ǣñ˵Ļᡣ
ҶתѾΧ־ˣһߣɻǣȴѰҶ֮󽣵޵Уġ
ˣ
ʱҶУһһ˺գֱ֮ϡ
ҶɱǣϢҲһ̷ǡ
Զ־ĬƬ֮ά棬˲ű
΢΢ͷͷģҲ齣İ
ĳƶ֮ϣǰŮͻȻ·һۣĬһ˲Ů΢ƣһģļ棬һ죬һˡ
ά档
ҶĽɱѾﵽһΪֲĴڣΧЩǿн¶˼ɵ֮ɫ
֮ǰҶѾǷڣȻٴεõ
˵г˰ȹŮ־֮⣬ûܹӵҶһˣ
Ҷ̧ͷһ֮УĬһ˲ջĿ⣬Զ־ˣ
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2777 ˣ
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һǿϢͻȻϯΪģԲڵݻľʧĸɸɾ


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ʱҶͻȻ̧ͷƶ֮ϵŮӣˣ
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ҶֱŮӣһ˵ĺܶԣƶÿжһֻħǣǴԾǶԣƾƣǶ磬һ㣬ôͻһ㡣
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2781 ԽΣգԽԽֲ
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Ҷ鷳ȥǣȥȥնǵġս޷ʱǾͲҪκεĴң¸ȥԡ
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ҩֱҶη
ҶĬ
ҩǰһҶЩҵķ˿ϴЦݣҲɿˡǣӦңһҪһҪ𣿡
Цȴʪ͸½


2785 첻ϣ
ҶȥȥΣȥסά棬ȥס
һȥԶҩǻۣζʲô
ر
ҶȻǣƶ֮ϵŮˣʵ̫ˡ˾
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˿̵ĶҩѾһϮױձǾźױǾƽ˼ޡ
ڣֻʣҶ붡ҩ
ҩߵҶǰһЦҵ
ҶŶҩã˵ͷתȥ
ſڣҩ̧ͷƶ֮ϵһƽ⣬Щա
ʱӭţЦҺױ첻ϣ

ȡ
ڵѾάǿߵĵ̣Ͽգһ޴ĹĻ
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Ϊ֮ǰĴսԵʣʵѾǧٿףҩȥʱִ˵Ѿٻ
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ҶʱάЩǿɫǱˡ
ҶǣȻ֪ҶĿֲġ˵Ҷά棬άĶ֣άԺɱ
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Ҷɨһ·ǰ˵һ䣺Ҷǻά档
Ӧһ޴
ٴˣ
Ҷ̧ͷǰǵ֮ǿԿɱһλǿߣһǿ߶Եֵ
һΣб
УҶֳֽ˫ۻͬʱֱ

ܿ죬ǵǰʱҶĽˡ
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άǿߵĿ֮УҶһƽĴǵ֮ϡ
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ЩάǿߵĿ֮УǵֱӱЩи顣
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ܿ죬ǵѾǰ
һ˲䣬ΧĿռֱӱ飬ǿĳֱõϸС˿ƣ
Ҷ˫ۻ

һƽ棬֮ϣһƽâ˸
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䣡
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޽ޣһ򷨡
εĽ֣õѾҵ󷨵һЩȱ㣬һ㣬һǹһƬȻҲЩۣǣ˵㲻ʲôΪһָʵ̫̫ˡ
Ҷ׾ٵȥǵ·άǿ߿ʼЩˡ
ʱ֮еҶͻȻʧԭء
һֱָ󷨣
ʱٴδ߶һΣһǹĻ֮ӿ˳
Ҷ˫΢У˷ֽŽŲӿ졣һ̣ɢ뽣⣬Ȼѹ󷨱ѹϢ
ʱҶͻȻԾһ̣ν͵һնף
䣡
ƶ֮УըȻ쳹һӰ˳ȥǣȴҲֱըѿˣշɳȥҶͻȻͣȻֱӻһǾ޴ĹĻ֮ϡ
䣡
ĻʾһţǹĻ֮ϣƳ֣
ס
·ŭ
ڣǣһҶ󷨱Ҷ٣ǾҲûʲôܹǣҶˡ
·ά׷׳
ĻǰҶһһ£ǹĻһ󼤲ԽԽࡣ
ͻȻҶͣתͷάǿѾǰ
ҶһĨһʧԭء
Զ
ͣ
һάǿԴֱӷ˳ȥ
ʱһֱӳҶͷײ
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ͣ
ƽֱͷһ
УҶת̧еĽֱӷɳ⣬һάڼԴ˲˳ȥ
һնȥԴ֮ҪʱһͻȻԶ𣬡£
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ΧЩάǿ߷׷ȥͬʱһìͻȻƿҶǰ
Ҷ̧־һ
飡
ǸìֱӹѿʱһӰͻȻҶǰ
Ҷٽһ̡
䣡
ǵӰӲͣӰ־־ɢһֲЩϳҶûȥҶϵĽ⾡
־ҶͻȻ֮Уһɫĺ
ĳ֣ҶɢЩֱӿʼ

Ҷüͷ΢壬˰ɣȻ˫ֳֽǰ͵ؾһ
ͣ
һ翪أǰֱӱӲ˿ͬʱҶֱӳ־ǰһն£
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һ
УҶ俴һ·Щάǿߣڣ˵һ䡣ǣҪҪά棿


2786 
ά棡
ƶˣҶֽһʻ
ؼͻȻ
ǳİ
άǿ߶ڿҶ
ȥ
ȥ϶ǻزȥˡάѾǺʺˡǣȥζҪҶ
־ѾҶ֣άʲôȥҶԿ
Ҷһ仰õάǿѾء
УҶ˫ۻ
ȣ
ھڵάĻشȻʲôϣȻⲢҪҪҪһʱָ
ղǼսر󷨵ļսʵ̫̫ˡ
άһᣬҲǸԼһʱ䣡
·άЩǿ߷׷׿Զ֮־
սˣһж־
֮־˫ۻģʼۣ
̶ֳȵǿߣ٣ⲢǺܴΪ׾ͻָ
־ָʱҶҲûм֣ԣնԷһնڶΡ
Ƭ֮־̧ͷҶǲά棬Ů˾ǣά棬ûѡ񣡡
Ҷ˵ͷף󡣡
£ĽͻȻն
Զ־ɫ䣬æ߶󷨣Ǿ޴ĻȻһһӭҶһ
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һĻ־ɫȻ䣬Ҷң
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ɱ
Щά۷ǿߣҶǰȻû˿ķأ

Ҷﵽ֮ʵѾǿܹˡ
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ֺɫ壬ҶɲҴ⣬ľ룬һ죬һѪҺƮ˳ܿ죬ѪҺ۳һ
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ı壬ѾǵĽѪҪٽĻٽֻɱҶ
֣Ҷżһ㣬һССԾͬʱһƽ϶Ȼ¡
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ڣǺҶˣСǿ
ǺͻȻҲҪߣǣΧС׵ҶĽǺԽԽˡ
ʱСͻȻͣҶĿ֮УСһѱסǶ
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һֱӽһͷײĴ룡
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Ҷɫ΢䣬æͷųԼĽɱ⣬Ȼɱ뽣޷ֵЩϢ˲䱻飡
Ҷɱǿǣ־˲ڸԵĻˣ
ȺŹ
ʮ˷Ҷȥ˿̣Ҷǽڽڰˣûл֮ǣάǿȴûз֣ҶĽɱԽԽǿ
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͡
ǱͣʮάֱӴм˿
һɱʮ۷ǿߣ



2787 
֮һ
Ҷһֱնȥά֮һ۷ǿߣ
ʮάǿߵʬ壬άǿ߶ֱӴסˡ
ʹ־Ҳ
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־Ҷά汾Ѿٻĵز֮ǰĽٴάıԴڵά棬ʮͻ᳹׻𡣡
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꣬ڿʼȼգ
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·άǿ߷׷׹ȥ
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˵ʱ־Ϣ˿Ҷһ̣ǿΪ־˿͸֧Լ͸֧ȼȼǿԼ
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ʹҶ־˿ɢϢҲΪ֮ɵѣһȼ꣬ȼǺεȵĿֲң־һ
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Ҷɫ֮ǰ־ôƴĻ־֮ʤ治˵ȻĽǣ־ΪȡӦе
Ҷע£־ռ֮һƶ֮£ҶܹԼƶ֮һ
֪ƶ֮ϣһһǿŮӣ
û־ƶԽԽһƬȴûΪ־ĵ˿Ĳ
ⲻά棬Ҳά棡
涼־ûа㲨
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ʱһŮӳҶУŮƶ֮ϸҶϴЦ⣬һҲһǾǶ



2788 

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롰кܴʵģ
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Ҷ򽣵Ÿոճͣһ롣
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ڣô֮ͻζңάҲԽԽϾҶû취һɱرǣЩάǿ߷׷ԱĻǶ֮Լάԣһѡ
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飬࣬ά棬ݵµģͬʱҲϣάЩǿάһʾ
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άҲϧ磬ƻһҲһ޴ȥ³֮⣬ЩάǿߴڣάӵĻŽᣬرһ˵Ļţάһɢ෴ǻӵŽᱧһ
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ܿ죬ƺɫ⵽ʱҶ̧һ̳һ׼شƺɫ֮ϡ
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ƺɫֱӳ߷ѿҶĽֱ룬ֱָǺã
ҶǰֱǵԼǰĽ⣬ǵ㽣üʱһ¶ϴ̳

һĽҶĽƫʮ磬ʱͻϣֳֽһ̣һֱָҶĸ
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ںóǰһ̳һ˲Ҷ峯бһûܹ֮ϣ෴ĽѾ˺Ž֣
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ʱԶͻȻһ
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2793 Ȼ
߲Ǳ壬ֻһƷ
ʹǷȹŮҲҴ⡣
Ůδ֡
ĳ֣
ȹŮҲûйܰȹŮĿ˲ԶҶõϣǺһ㡣
Ը꣡
ȹŮЦõΪǿǿܹѹģ˵ˣ֮ǿΪҶǿһһ㣬Ͱˡ

ԣȹŮԶҶá
ȹŮԣһֱڽ̫ĽԣҶԸҶ˵ҶǱѹƣǱԼѹˣ
ʱԶĺñҶһ֮ٴεعҶıһ֮ǰǿˣ
ҶתһΣδ̫Ľǰһ˲ֽԼǰ

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ҶֱӱɣһٴγҶͬûзɷأ
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Ҷֱһԭأ
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ߵҶǰֱҶĽɱɱ빥һ棬˵޵Уе֡ǣҪֹֻ֪йɱзƺ⡣һζؽɱȻǿ󣬵ǹڼˣˣܶʱҲøǿ󣬵ǣҲп֮ءܹҲҪأ
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˵⣬ҶɫͻȻ䣬ؿǰȹŮӣ㡭Ѿ


2794 һ
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ȹŮӵĵѾشԣĵѾԽش֮ѾʺˡԣԣܶʱûжԴֻͬ뷨ͬ
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ҶǰȹŮЦԽˣû˵ʲôתȥ
ߵԶʱͻȻͣʱ䲻ˡӦ˵ǵʱ䶼ˡ
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ңά档
ڣά治ңӣȹŮ΢ʩѹάͻ˲ңȻ˼

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ҶĽԽԽȹŮӵĽԽԽûвǿԣȹŮӵĽվЩ飬ڶ࣬ھ
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2795 壡
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ĳƶ֮ϡ
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ȹŮӴһǿ΢΢һЦ˵ܵ˺̶ֳȣҪ䣬ãã棬ܿܿһᡣǰҲر˼ڣЩˡϧ˸õģңԣ㣡
˵ţָһ㣬һʲôһ㣡
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뵽ҶҩĿ⽥ЩˡһҪ

ĳ֮ϣһԲԶһСŮӡ
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ƶ֮ϣŮ΢΢һЦ壬ˡάûˣ


2796 
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Ҷ̧ͷȹŮӣάάΪ̣άάͬϵӣˣһС
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СкһѾ
СŮСкɽڣɽǰһһҹ
ڶ죬СŮתɽȥ;УһЩʬ壬ߵһʬǰǾʬȡһ˫ǱУͲĮȻ䣬Ժͽее
СŮǱɽȥ


2798 ˭裬˭
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ʱһڵĺڶͻȻе·ںڶڣǺǿ棡
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еȻһȻӲͣԭأ
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Ƭ֮תͷԶˣһϢʱԱ


2800 㣡
ȹŮƽ˵һ΢飡
ԶͻȻЦˣ㿴£
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ȹŮ΢΢һЦԶ֮Ѫ󣬵Щˡ
˻ߵȹŮӵĶ棬ֻ̧𣬺ܿ죬ȹŮӽµǸͻȻҲǴ֮еѪҺҽһ㿪ʼ䶯
м䣬ȹŮӳֽЦ
Զô򶨣ôĴݣ
޽޵ģ֮ģžˮʲôܹ𲨶
ƽȣ
ȹŮӽ£ЩѪҺٶԽԽ죬ܿ죬һϸѪ˿ʼȹŮӶȥ
ȹŮָһ㣬һƽƿնƽֱӴЩѪ˿ǣЩѪ˿δ
״ȹŮЩ죬ٴδһǴЦԭˣ󷨵ĸԴڴ˵أڴ֮⡭ѹܹҵĽ
˵֮ĸԴ𣿡
ȹŮӿһˣЦȷʵеС͹ˡû뵽ȻǸطҽ
û˵˫ֻ̧ɲǼ䣬ڣѪ˿˲䳯ȹŮӶȥЩѪ˿̺Щ޵ǿ˵󷨵ļӳ֣ÿһѪ˿ɱһλ۷ǿߡ
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ԶȹŮЦôֽܣЩѪ˿û
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Щ͵Ŀǿŵͷ­
ͷ­ĵ䣬ʣӦ˵翪ʼָ磬մ꣬ˮ

ˣάɣĳֽǶ˵Сͬһġ
ȹŮתͷһǿѪܵͷ­磬ˡ
˵ţͷ·֮Уܿܿ
ȹŮЦҶ֪˵Լȥһô𣿵ȻҲϲɱˣϲ̣ŵḶ̣́ĸ򣡡
˵ţתͷʣԶҶվ
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˵ţָһ㣬һƽֱӳҶȥ
ƽҶǰʱҶеĽͻȻˡ

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һȹŮӵƽӲһͣƽҲδɢ
ȹŮתͷҶЩ죬Щ˼֮жһ˿ζǷŭǺڡġҡԵʡϧζʤޡ
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ȹŮ⣬类һ˲üͻȻѿһѪкܿ죬ֱֱȥԿл׹䣡


2801 һϰɣ
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ȹŮһգеУʱѾѾһȭ˹

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β
ȹŮЦееһһĽһ۽벻ԶҶˣһϰɣҿ齣齣ļ£


2802 ңԽ֮
ȹŮǰͻȻſеĽţȹŮӣ˫ۻڣһõĽȻ֡
ȹŮЦԽãҪ֣ʱһߴˣ
ȹŮתͷԶҶ
Ҷ壬ʵѾ;ƿݵʱΪ޷ϵˡ
ȹŮӻתҶЦˣʲôˣ
ҶߵȹŮǰʮǰ뷨ˡ
ȹŮЦԽãԸ꣡
ҶѼϵС͵˺̧ͷȹŮӣʮľţ˶һ֮ǰΪǸһ㳬˴Ȼԣ㲻ǸһǸ˶һָˣָֻ֮ǿǸ㲢ûгѴڴΧڣ
ȹŮ˫΢У˽ее
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˵ţߵȹŮǰǰֵ飬ǿǸǣ㻹ڵڡ
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ҶͷͻȻ֮仺ڿն𣬸߿֮УҶ˫ֻ̯ܿ죬ĽͻȻʩչ˿ĽʸǶȥһᣬ֮綼ѾĽ֮¡
ȹŮӲδ֣Ǵ˿̣޴Цݣ
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һ֮Ȼȴر


ԶȹŮͻȻЦˣһ򣬺һ㲻ѡѡϣҿ֮ҺΣ
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ȻڵڣǣʵѾڵڡ
˵֮ǰҪôڣҪƵӲƿȻ
ԣƵĵǼٵģûϵһΣֻ·һˣ
ʹά֮һɵס
ԶҶĨĨǵѪѪԽԽ࣬ˣ徹ȻЩ
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ʱһͻȻڳ𣬡ɶԣ𣡡
ȹŮͣ½Ųתͷ˵ңӡ
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ңӵĽ۷壬ԸҶԸΪҶһݣҶֽԣԲΪңȹŮͬˣʵͬ
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Ǻܿ죬һѹסɽ⣡


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䣡
ʣһӰźֱ׷˳ȥӰ
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˵꣬ƮȥƮԽԽԶ֮УһϣǵϣѾͷ˿УУĴָһСͷͻȻһЦЦӣ磬ͻԴάˡ˵άһһйȻ֪ǼٵģǡҲأ㲻ģҲһһֱȥֱһ죡
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