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ݼ飺
һǿ괳˷Ժ֮ţΪΨһһߡ
֮࣬ʼȦ֮ãҵģӵȥõĵرŵԼ֮͡
㴹ӣҪһʱ䰲ż£Ϊ񣬱˵һ꣬ʮٶ⡣
㻨òȴȺһ𣬴ӴͬΪطഺΡ
Сϰ䣬ѧɣȴΪһ侭٣ΪˣΪ񣬻һǿ׳ԺĺƽͿˡ



1 ɱ
ѣ~ӻجج˻
Сӣû°ɣô·ߵĺúõģͻȻɵסˣһҲվڷǰǵʵ
߶Ļ˽⵽ԭ֪ô£Լ·ߵʱͻȻסˣ˶ɫ԰ףҡҡλεģһ˹ŵȳ˲Զ񴦣
лүȻӻһŽվòĵл
û¾ͺãû¾ͺá˰˰֣û£ҲͷƵ˿ȥ߶ţģȻôףڵ˰廹顭
Цҡҡͷ˻ȥ
ղͻȻըһףĺףľˣΧĽγƴţҲʱ򣬷Ǳɵ˰㣬վﲻˡ
ͻȻʹаѵһ亹ֱðһţûλúƧһЩżɢ⣬ûж˾ҪȻ⾰ǵñͽҽԺɡ
ãֽʹŻһƬӿ˷Ժ
ԭղŵǵƽؾףһ꣬˷ڣһʧȥ˿ƣ·ϡ
ӿԺԶԶǸһ磬ʹø˱ޱǿǼٻ˼꣬ԶǷ̶̶ʮһܱȣʶѾʧͱˡ
⽣ӰʬɽѪǳһսϿԽ۷ķ֮ܶá
ң𣿡ûʶ䣬÷¶ãһʱ䣬ׯεǵׯܣĸҡ
һζμ䣬Ȼ¡
УԼƺһ׳½룬ֳĴڣ˵ıϣ
껹ԭ꣬˵ļھʼĳˢҲǶǿӰһƷζֳ֮£ۺͼֵۣȴܵ˼ĳԭһЩƴҪȡģƺ޹ؽҪˣһӵȻ
ԼһЩ뷨ǺεȵɺͿЦ
ǸĮļ壬ʲôֵԼģ
~ֻͻȻ𣬽ѡ
˳ϣһȡֻʾŭ֮ɫһ漴õȻ˽
٣ǵôˣô𸴰ѾˣҲΪЩȵİżֳмֻ洫˿ûСȡľ
֪ˡָƵ˹һϣȥ
ʲôӣΪԼʲôүͲﴫġཡ׼ɫĴϼ֮
֪ˣʲôش;ĩ·ڲԼλãǰ׳աλ߶λһĻش֮ټΪŭҪǣûеõԼҪĻشٴβֻȥȴֶԷѾػˣ֮ٷŭ£ݺˤֻ
ٸ߰Ҳôˣ뿪˷ңҿԺ󻹵ɪ֮侲һļ¶Цݣͬһ㣬˲
ٺʡҴ壬ӵڶʲϵ鲼ٺʡ磬Ӱͬ졣
Ƿҵĵ˵ǷүҲΪҿɲ˶ļ壬֦ïʢڶ࣬Ƿһ߸ֵܽã˵ʮ֮࣬⻹ǵϵģʷԴԶЩ֧֧һ嶼мˣڵ棬һֱƽӹӵ
⼸꣬ү岻ã˾ӶߣҲǸңռҲս
ĸ׷ڷе壬ʮҵгɣµĲƲߴʮڣȻǰӳ̸ʱɻ˿ѣ·ͻڶѧĵܷ֮ܵΪ
ĸһȥǼԷֵ֮СΪɣռҵʲǹ˼үӣΪЩƲֵҪڷ
μסЩ˵һֱ߱׼ҪԼڷܺѧûнü˻ƴѧ֮һٺѧۼٹһҪѧҵ˳ĿִƸµĲҵЩˣ̲סˡ
ֻװڴصٺѧң˸ϵĺˮϴһ·󣬾ķӢ˲仹һ˿ϣǱĬµӰ죬ؽıŷͬɱ䡣
һԷ𣿡ֵк
ˣһ¡Уſڣһ⳵
ȥϼš


2 ɨس
Ҵ壬ʲڣ󲿷ּԱ붼кǷļҲռЩֻϸһЩ΢ķֺգȻӣҲûǸҪ
⳵ͣ˷ϼš
⳵Զıüͷһ壬Ҫӳʱ΢䣬˻ȥ
١ӭ˴ţ÷˽ȥ
ϾǷӵܣȻӣҲܵġ
ڷݺǰ̨Сһ绰ʹܲ칫ҡ
ˡ
ͣ19㡣
үһŮ͵õϢӭѷӭһһ󣬲ǸȻ˳ȥ
Ҫ𣿡˰죬ʱ֪ԷǴˣֶǰóеЧڵķԣǺá
ˣʵڱǸղŴҵûϸϹ֮˽һļϹź޳Цݡ
Ҷأûһۡ
ϼŵܲãǷĶϣļҲ߳ɶռˣԭΪ֪һ
£ܲó棬Ͼҳ󲻿֮۾ģ٣ȿ
֮ٽļƵ˷ǰи˿䡣
ĿļϿɨһ飬Է̬ȻĻ
Ӽ飬ֱȡǷͷֵ֮ѪҺǰµDNDжԱȣóĽǣֵܲǷӡ
һһҡû뵽ǾȻô鶼ĳ
Ҫ÷ʲõİ취Ȼ֤֮кͷûκιϵûȻͷ֮вĶӣȻûʸ̳ʲ
ֶΣǽ֮ɨسš
úݶ
ԼںϵȥĶȴ÷޷ܣжԷҵһ˿Ҳûˡ
Ȼ㲻Ƿӵܣ˵ˣϾ˶ʮֶеڣܲ׵ġֽ֮ʣ¼ļݵ˷ǰžӸµ̬⼸ݰµʲѡһӴԺֵܺͷ޹ϵ
ʲʮʲεȴĲࡣ
֮ٽŷ۾Ҫո߸ϵүпҡ¡ŭί飬ȻʧǣʲôҲû
ž~վһ˦֮ϣ۾ɳȥ׾ƤϺһ顣
һƣΪҰġ㲻ǷһҲҧԼˡ
֮ŭȴҷη巽ѾɨسţԺ󣬵һõǷ壬γﶼռӣű˵ҲҪάԼܵܵ
ˣ֮Ҳʲ⣬ԺǵúúһⳡӲɡ
ٺңϡԺǾ̧룬Ҷȥҧ
һŽ֮ߵ˱ϣûЩļһۣת˳ȥ
ԭλ棬ԷֶζƳ÷ףȥֻȡ衣
ʲһҪģףڵʵֵүȥǿŪҲסҶԷȻƳֶΣ˵ûʲôڵ
һжģΨԼʵҪʵˣĶûܶߡ
~³һѪ˿֮񶾣һһȣǼǺˡ
˽ӴҺ߽ܲð칫ңӶʱܡ
ˣĶ̧ͷ֮٣ϵİƣģ
ǡ֮һֶҶ˵
ίţҲġϵ
֪ûȡκһʲ󣬷΢΢üܿȥһ£ȥլ𣿡
ʹˣûС֮˳ȥֻ˸绰ͨ껰˵
󡣡һ˲ٺҪ°ûȥլȣȴЩƻ˿ա
ˣʱҪҷ鷳үº֪϶ᷢ𣬲ԷͲأõҲ͹ȥˣͷ˼ⲻҪл룬ֵԺ󣬾㴦ˡ
ǣл³֮ٴϲϵİӡи֮ɫ
߳ϼţ˸绰
ȻүӲˡүѵĻôҲôȻүһЩ̴үӳŹһ٣ʱľѳۣҲ޷ء
ڷӡУǸүүǳĮԶдûĻ棬үӹϵǳӲȻͬȥ󣬷үӸǶֵܲŲʣ¾֪ʵҲδػͷ
ˣҪԼ
ҡҡͷ׿⳵
صٺѧһͷԼҴϣ˯˹ȥ
̶һʱ䣬;飬Ǹľᡣ
˯УһƼ䲻Ϸӿǲ׳ǰҲǳΪǸ꣬İսɱ


3 
һʢѾȥˣҲ޷ĵһ˿
˸绰֮У֪ܵ£ûκβɵȥ󣬷úѧϰҪķԷ󣬾͹˵绰
ûȥˣûϵ;һӶܶؼҲãʮ¼ҲҲ类Щ˰ܵˡ
·ߡҪԼİ취һС
ӵ꼸ļ󣬷ĹҲǷ˾޴ı仯һ޷Ŵ磬еǿΪٺ֮ЩϰĴڡ
Ǹ磬ҲǼΪǿߣõķҲĹ
ϡʺУЩĻʮ궼δţ˵۷ˣڼв˺ܾãѡһ֮
ַŵߣеޣһֺţ󲻴󣬼ϡĵϣҲɹ
νޣԪΪ֣۳Լı֮½ԴΪ׳󣬿۴ɽ֮ԼΪ֮½ķΧڣһж֪ھĵرǿͨ磬õϡ䡣
Ǹ磬Ҳ൱ְҵѰҵĵر䣬ԼóȥףǷǳ֣ŴĵرӦ۴ɽ֮ٶȣ˿෨ŵԷԣʺϵġ
˶ӣʺܿ˳ȥҵһ徻ĳⷿʼ
º󣬷ÿղԪ۳һ֡
˫ַСʮָ棬ĵλãһƶС̹⣬ɢŨǺͷǧ˿Ƶϵ±۶ĸо
ˣ޷ʼ֮ԴŬµĽ
۱֮½ˡ
޵ȼ½ͨ졢ġת࣬󾳽磬֮½۳ɹ󣬾ʽ̤á
Ҳ˿
ֵḶ́ûôףÿԪΪ˲գ벹Ӫʣ̶ͽĻʮ֮߰ˣҺؼһȥˡ
ԺͲҪ徲֮ˣ֮½ԷΪ˵˷Ӻ󣬷صѧУ
ûֻĸоѧӣϤУ԰Щİ
ףԼ̬ıĽ
ѧΪʲôΪһõ𲽣Ապ뾫Ӣײ㣬ԽģڵԣֻҪ룬Щֿɵá
²֪˶ٿΣͲںˣѧƾҲ޹ؽҪ
λΪ˺ͼѧѸԺ˵ͺѼˣ֮󣬷ҪȥѰʺϳΪ֮½ĵطˡ
˼绰ǽ˳
Ƹ¥
Ҿһѧ꣬ڵľǽǼѡվơһ
ʲô˼ɫ΢䣬ǷѣҲ˽ⷽδʵжʱЩԤС
£ȥˣлѩǷ༶İ೤ģ㣬һСŮҲǶ෽չˣԸȽϴ·Ƚк
ǲЩСԵʣĪǷʱʶѣ˲ʶǳǡ
ˣǷڴѧõѣˣнҲһ㣬ξ뿪ֻ
ʲôС죿ȵ
˽˸ɫ
㲻֪ЩҺͰ༶㣬ҿǵģС졣ɽ͵
ɫɲʶʲôϻѣЩ߲ơ
ˡɫһ䣺ߡ
лѩĪҲţǵӡУһֱǺѧȻҲҪС϶ҪԴ
¥ſڣֵ˽۾ɨţܿͿ˷ǡ
ûãЩСˣɼһֱŷҪ鷳
ҵҪʲôͷЦޱϾţȻûʽţҲǾȴͨ˸Ķ֡
ǷͷߵǰóһƬ˶ԣ¶ЦСӣҪ־͹ã˳ǮҪһֻ첲һȣëˡ
һͷȾɫСӦһһƿǰлѩ߿𵲵
Ӱһס˵лѩƵһԺи𼸷ɫ
ǰһն˳ȥꡱһСлѩ̶ֱ۳أŶϱ۴ҽ
һ䣬߳ȥԶһˡ
~ͷɫһ䣬Ȼûһӵϣͳ˹ȭţ˶ˣмֱӱ߻˹ȥ
ȥ֮٣ֶΣҲȵҹ
ûеʲôˣЩСһҪһֻ첲һȣ÷ף֮ġ
ǵݣӴ֮٣ҪǴȥ֮ٶǲ֪ôͱºˡ
Ϊǿߣȥ۸СҲèͷ


4 վ
ʲôʱôˡŷ׽С仨ˮ˾ˡ
⣬ЦЦûлش
Ǻ֪ȤûȥǼСҲûӰ쵽ǵ飬ԺڼȰ˷Σѧҵɣ̬ȺܼᶨͲȰˡ
лѩҲʮִ˵ɺĪˣ׿˲ĵģұ
صѧУȥңȻ¶˾Ҫ뿪һЩҪߡ
ʱͻȻæȥš
ʦΡˣЩԾ
վһһŮŮǷǰ༶ĸʦǸˣȴԺϵϵΡ
𣿡࣬Щݡ
˭ҡ˹
ͬѧ˵У˴ܣδżֹǻ;Ӹ£Ҫ㻹治ס
ǷңԸΪϵΣѧҵĵ
Σüо߲ƣԼѵСŶãξ͹ˣҪ˵ûйϵĻԲš
ΣЩСҪȷϵɼæ͡
ǳŷʹɫҪǸ
ö˵ˡٺѧȫ֪ѧѧֱڸѧУĨڣ˵ûϿΣ⻹ѧ𣿡
Σ϶ᡭҪæ˵
ûһϱѧУĺȺ֮ٺѧĴͳǹٵģҪѧ
Ŷ㡣ʼ磬žһŹϡ
⣬㱻ײɫѿ˼㣬һŭˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ˵ǴˣҲ˲ԡ
ס˵ͷиһĨɫº֮Ѳ˹ϵӺڰͬʱ֣ǰ;
ǰĻЩֶλеãڷȴǲмһˡ
ԸڵʵѲɫĽ֮ٵĻɱȥˣ꽥Ӱɲκεӡ
ȵ۱֮½ʽźܽˡ

뿪ٺѧȸ֮д˸绰Ȼ֮ܶԼ֣˵ҲǨŭ֮ϣϾûзӵܵĹ⻷ˡ
ͨ绰󣬶һ÷֮вҪУţҪ侲ʱһʱ󣬲ŷ
Щ鷳вȵţһ

ֻͻȻ˿ʾлѩ
û°ɣսͨлѩʹ˹
㶣ŷӦлѩ˵£˵ʵ»ûϡ
ûоɥ۵лѩʱ˿̫ˣһ취óѵġ
ѧҵͱѧУȫʵģ߸е۵㣬лѩķܵ
ңңҲЩС춯֡лѩЩ䣬Ľ֮һСܣһֱǺصģô嶯϶ΪԼƵԵʡ
ЦԷǣھУǾлѩҲ᷸룬˵ˣǰԳԼ£Ҳõĵ
ҪھΣͰҰ°ɡʱתעõİ취һ⡣
ʲô£˵˵лѩһ񣬸ŵ绰ܸоĻ
ţעһվԺı̺ҪעĵطҲϤܲܰң
עվСһһǸվƵľƾţҪĪǼһϡһ˵лѩ㿪ˣǰ೤ǿƽʱƵҲ١
ԼһЩ˵˳һЩص󣬹˵绰
һȥʱ˿
Ժ·ôߣĿǹҲ˶ƣעվѪ
ŬȻǽص㣬вֻԼѣеܵҪչˣҪظ׵ĲҵⶼҪǿ
Уѡĵ·һ;źܰҵŵĵرЩĵر࣬϶Ҫô࣬һ־Ϳóף׶Σͨ磬ǲ֪ж챦
Ƕƣǵ϶һݵģۻԴ˵ûһܼһ׾ܾȡƸ
УոȺͼʿã۶мʮ𣬷ţԼУǸɫ
ֻҪŪףҪҵڴҪԴЩĿǰûУעһٶҪ100ʽҲò
עվֻǵһţò˶ãԼоܽ
£ȥұ֮½ˡ


5 ֮½
ȺǻغȺҲȫķ羰羰ˣÿ궼пɹ۵˳ӿȺ
λÿͣɻעⰲȫϵǣڶƵ꼯ϣµĻšһյŸ㲥˵˼󣬲ζȺεÿǶʱ²һɢ
ڿɻˡμεķ˿еĿģΪ˱֮½
½ĹȣǧĿھ򣬾ʲôĵرҲֻɽֺ˼֮أ󲿷˷û֮½Ū½ϡ
֮½һѡ޷ٸģͻڣẉ̂㷽ҵˮأҲ΢һС飬ȵܿͻĻشʱҵĵرĿ΢΢
Ƿѡ޷ڣ׸ǽأ֪жĵرڴʱñ֮½źţܸپϲ
ʲô𣿡û뿪յ˹ͬû뿪ĻмˣʷǷˣյʮĺøС
ͷȻμΣ˼ȥЩξĽܡ
ȥΧĺɲԣʵ֮½ո۵Ľ׶ΣǺܴģ̫ߣȻϷҪ
ȺεˣĪ뷨յϸ¾ͽӵһÿͣҪɷĹǻ뺣ѡһƫƧĺԴˣյҲǼֲˣ²ⷽӦҲжصԭ
ԭϣǲͬģҪÿ͵İȫ𡣡յҧҧȻһЦվѵϣҿ԰æǰֻȥΧĴ󵺡
Ⱥڶ࣬1ƽϵĵмʮȥĵĻյεΧڡ
ɡ˵ͷָһȥûʲô˵ĵ졣ҲûָȥԵĵ죬ȫ޷֤˵Ҳӿ֧μź󣬷ɬˣ֦ϾֻҪȹ˶ݵڣ֮½ţ춼ν
Ⱥ֮кʱȴǹ̶ģһκûãյΰæҵһ洬̸˼ǮŷʻĿ굺졣
̤ɳ̲ЬӶʱݽһЩ΢΢ü
壬һСʱͷе
֡
죬5ƽңһСʱʱ߱ȫǲܵģѡ˸һһǳȥֱǰһССģͣ
ɡأϥʮָСƬ̺һ̹Ʈģ۳֡
վ̽˺ڣбһǶȺֶʱģס
һ۲գĽţ͸峺ˮֳףڽӴʧһǵΪģ쿪ȥܿ죬С׾⡣
Ǵﵽ˼ޣƬ̣ڻʧ󣬷ҲǲһѪĸо۾ܸоСÿһ
ˡϲ̱ĻҪ˳ûгκ©
Ȼ󣬾͵ֶȹյƽڣصף⴦Ϊ֮½ʹ󹦸ˡ
ԭ·洬ص˺羰ܹŻСʱ

ҵƬ
ŵ˾ۼʱ򣬷˼ķҲԾ׼õƬһһָÿͣμεв˴ŸгΪԼδͻǱʡ
վСӣдô棬ĵرӦоУһŻ긾Ůӹ˷Ƭʵ
վ֣ͽǷΪ˼ǸıԼ꣬ȻҲ˽Լͨ磬ͲΪ˵ˡ
̣վ𲽽׶Σò˶ãͿʵ֮֡⣬Ҳڰ첻ˡ
긾ŮŶһ֪뵽ʲôЩʧ˴ҵչǺ¡
òģûзϡ
Ψһһ
󲿷˶òĽ˹ҲһЩ˽ӹˣƬƳһۣ˦ӵˣڷʹҵ£ḻ˱ʾֻ֧֣ǶѡҵȴҲԼĵǡ
Уһվûۻ㹻ǰȷŷ
ҲΪ⣬𲽽׶εļѣ׼
ʱܿȥʽء
ھƵ괲ϣĬĬʱ䡣
ͻȻһǿ׵ڱ޷ԶӴƮڳϥƣһϯȫˢÿһ䣬֮ϸھĻ
ȵѹ϶˺һ㣬ȳţϴ跥ǵЧ
Ͻ䣬ݺݵϴˢһ󣬻ˬķ˳жϲɫ
֪ղŴʲô֮½ۣҲʽ̤˵֮š


6 ر
ϴ跥Ǻ󣬷ʵ֮ǰҪǿ
ڵĲΣǵ޵һ磬½½磬ǵ޷ŵĸ֮أΪŲ㣬ʱ½һΪ
֮½ʽۣͻᳯܲţʵҲ۷󣬲Żһ硣
ԺУӿŵصļ䣬Ƭ̺
ۣȻָԼüģüǴըһ㣬ͷĿѣȵعʱǰһз˼ı仯
ֻΧһжû谵ģ壬ΨоԼĵطâĿͶ˹ȥǰͶֵĵ죬ССϣɢİ׹⣬˴Լʮ׷ԲˣʮڣҲɢŰ׹⡣
ףǾԼı֮½׹ֵķΧǱ֮½ʱĴСоѪϵĸ֪ÿһء
~֮½ɳʯ͸ģȻȴСֱɢŵҺڹ󣬺ΧԵø롣
ôãȻһӾҵĵرΪϲ
ǵ޵Ļ֮һʽźܿӵжصӽǣոտʱҲޣΪ澫ֻϤһû뵽ķĵر
ɫǵһȵĵرҲ͵ȵģɫڵڶȣ֮ɫҪ߼١
˵͵ȣҲĵرؾۣͬ졣
֮ϲ֮ϲҪҵĵرܼѣңԼǵϵһޣ˾ĸоǺá
ɫ󣬷̳죬ҪԶ֣ĵرͱ֮½ż˳⻹Ƿ΢Եʣȱ֮½һʱڣ߾󣬸Ҫÿζȡ
ĵرɫǸһڲʯͷƴСɫ͸İ񣬾Ө͸ԿһĨӿʢ
͸񣬷ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫۿǣⶫ裬İֵһᣬĨҺҩҽ˸ЧõĺõĻȻ׹ǡˣȴӳССҺȴ٣ڼ޵˶ԣʲôܱġ
ǺɫʯͷʯЧǶ棬ϾȥͽҵԼվϣļֵߣǳۣҪļֵ󻯣վ;ʣҪһ
磬ŵ˶˴ͣʼ̡
ӿĺƽȣ󲿷˶˯˶ܾˣҲǴвУλϱĿ
ߵһʱͻȻ˸ͣ˴˯оѣ˿ֻǰ治Զͣһ·ϣסȥ·
˾ֵ˹ȥһյҲ³üͷҪȥ档
ȻûߵűĿ׶Ӵӳ˵̶֣һһ׺ݵ˾ͷϣѪֱ̱ڵϣʣ¼ˣ⵶֮࣬ݺݵĳŴͱ
ٰ~յδһһ˦ϣնʱ
ٷϻӾƣǣҪĻ̰ϵǮֵǮĶóһͷӺϴͣζż⵶ݺвš
죬㣬Ćʲôҡͷһǰһ̬ӵǮм˼ڡ
˲ҵµĽвﶼ˳˵Ķˣ̱ͷһȭߣΪ׺ݡ
Ŀ䣬ڴͷߵǰʱͻȻ֣סĲӣȻݺ˹ϡ
ѵ~
һͷӿڱǶѪ߹Ƕ˼
ͻһĻסˣѾƲ׼ÿ͸ɵסˡ
ͷӵĲ״סӣعץסߵʣȻûóѣͷһ˹ֱ͵ĵۣѾһֵնϣϳһȭ˶˴ϣ֮ʹòȫơ
⬡Ǹʲôͳϵ״˵ע⣬ûϳǾĿסյκ˾ԼԶ
ȵǰͬĲ״ʱѾ³Ųһ̤ͼһɳյߵӾͬڵײƵģӵɳȥɣһ˴Ҫߣȴ׷ϣһ߳Ҳ˵Ĺҵϣһš
㡭յգƺǻʹʧ˰㣬ɵɵĿŷ
ˣͽˡûлȥ˽ٷ˵˳Ӻܿȥ
еݣȻΪҲе鷳ɲȥɳһˣҲܲٺԼûɴһ֮
ͳ˶㶵ģﳤȥŻعʱЩ˷ƬˣĪ鶼


7 
С򣬷һӣųƱֱӻٺʡʡС
˸绰лѩƽͬʱҲվ
㻹˼˵绰ͷлѩͷۣһ߾һ£ڼֻϵϣĪվʱҲûʱò׵ȵһ˺ü⡣
һһ˽ʵվѾĲˣлѩǱ֤췽ܿվ
ˣʱǳԴ֮͡䲻Ҫ˵̫л֣˵绰ͷס
лѩŬûЧǱٺѧˣ϶֮ٵãʱһ֮ˡ
ѧУһزȥķҲͱռʱȻ޼ҿɹ飬֮ҪҸסĵطʼԼļƻ
ҵһҷн鹫˾ոսȥһ߷ֱļС
ģһʮ˾ŮʮŮлѩҪƯ֣̬޳Ƥ𪣬ϱŸɰСʱȴһľͺ¡
࿴һۣжˣһ죬ƺ
˶ԼŮڵһӺˣŽӴԱСʵļٵģҳô󻹴û˵ǣǸ
ӴԱС˵ͷ룬ֹĻôˣʵҲΣеģûаѹ˿ƵģͼӴ׼Ͳˣаѹ˿ߵĵ
κηڳʱ˵ˣҪⷿ˵㣬ҲԹסûãЩ˾ͱŵĿ°ĭԹȥҽԺŵþȣº󣬸оԼӵⷿߵȻˣֵн鹫˾ҪҽƷѾʧѣŪһͷ
Ϊ˵Եʣȫн鹫˾йһκⱾûⷿ߾ǰ͸¶ֹ¡
Ůľᣬױϲҷ˵κͼìܸߣǮ࣬һ۾ͿױȻӴԱС˵ɷ£ȴڶҡľġ
һ˹ȥùϿ˿۾ʱ
һ˫Сλò羰ԴС԰÷˾;ۣ仹мűƬĵĺ÷⣬ǴСˣʱ򣬼סıҪһϼסĵ㵱Ȼò
ҷǳˣһֻҪһǧֱǰ͵ģڷɬǮպø
ֹûôҲǸߣһɨǲйһĿȻҵ⻷ûй
ҪױԽӴԱС
ιιȿеġŮǲҲֹԹ£һȥס϶ǲҵġ
λױǹݣкüⷿ߶ŽҽԺӴԱСְܾѡ
û£󡣡΢΢һЦ
Ȼô˵ˣӴԱСȻûзԵɡ
ۿöԱߵŮʮְգĿ۱ƬһתͻȻסι˵һסôķӲÿտҪȻǺɣֹһҲ󡣡
ĿһۣͲԼİˡ
СˣҿѧУȭļһһӾܷŵĿ⣬ŮߺԺ
ʧЦŮ鵹ЩĶڵܶһ˸ҲһЩôһסȷܿտҲûм˵ĵطɺ˺⣬ңԷеЩϤ
¥¥¡˵ͷ
ô˵ˣʶһ£ҽûŪĶ¥ŮЩССʧ⣬ܿ¶ЦݣԷ
ϼ𣿡˼΢ȴ˳Сա
ҽз

ǰֻʣ·ǸӴԱС·ϷҲƵ뿪ˣǶͣһͻᱻһɫЩס
ȷЩŹ֡ü
⾰̫գȻǰȴǸеһ⣬֪Ӻζ
ۣűɨɨȴûз쳣ǰ̫ʢԵʣҲΪ⣬ۣкʼҡ
˵񶼲࣬ǲ֣ɨ˲ʱ䣬һæµϳ˵㺹Ѫʢĸо䵭࣬Ҳǻָ˵Ц
СŮûʲôĻ÷׳һЩϢȷҵˡ
ңҲٺҴ壬ʵҪڷ֮ϣҵĵλƺͣĳϼһ棬Բ˳Լǰڷһֱܵ͵ڿп޵ûʲôӡҲûϳ
һߺţһ߾ȴźҹ١


8 ʯ
ȥ˯ˡ˰죬ϰ˾ŵʱ̲סǷͷ˸к̤̤Ļطȥˡ
ҹĻ٣ڰִء
һˮԼһšģҲûи
Ǽŵ㣬ĬĬȴţֱͻȻ¶ȱ䣬Ϯ壬һЦ
ڳˡžĹص˵ӣ΢ۡ
۵Ķӽ£Ŀв֪ʱһ۲ɼĻɫƮţǴķΧڣƮɢЩɫ
һ¥Ŵ˯֪ʲôΣϸӤ㴿ЦݣЩɫʱȴǲԽĴ˸һţһƻɫƵϣʱвڣ˯У¶ʹ֮ɫһαجΡ
Щɫνɷ𣿡üɹݵģʲô֣Щɷ
ɷͨ˿ûʲôôдɷĻУجϢãʱ䳤ͻֻþνֹҲôġ
ʣǲЩɷģɷУҲûкô
ϸĲ쿴˷ɷԴͷǽµĴأȻɨӹȥȴûзʲôʬǳɶѵĳ˵ɷĲ򵥣ͨ˿֮ɵģӦǵԵʣԷڸոտõΪ͸
޷͸Ҳ޷⣬һͽԼҲ
~ִɷͻȻܵ㣬Ͷ˴һǣ׷ʧ
ۣվ۵ӽǽȻͬǷλȴǱμסˣռҵǸȴԼٵÿ
ԼûʲôɷĶһҪ˵ĻǵԶȺĵرˡ
һͶʯȡ˳ۣȻ֣ûκȻʯȴڲϵɷ
ⶫȻɷЩ죬Ǻ£ɷԴͷΧɷǴƮȥģֻҪӿɷյûκΣˣҲܰס
ɷҲб;޲ŸţȱֶΣܲʲô¶ȫԼְɣִ¶ݲȡױץסѱɷȴֲֶεһ㡣
ɷǲɱΣȱ֮ȡķ޷
ʯɴɷȵҪõʱԼֻҪþܽɷһͷų֪ɶɱ
ȵԺԼΪҲܽɷʶУγɾһͷ˰þɱΡ
˶ƣʯڴƫƧԼ¥˯ȥˡ
ŴɷգΧƮĻɫԽԽ٣ʹȥųЦݡ
գ˯һþʢķ¥Ϳڴȥһɹ
ϴСе˹˯ˣտʼһ˯úúõģͻȻ͵˱ѩأȻööħ׷ɱҰι˵ǲй
ĹһЦ˵ҲʵȷûйɷĻþ
ɣجеӰ
ûнֻͣҪסһʱ䣬ûк鷢⻳ҲͻᵭȥͺͻܿͻָɷҪӳΣŴһҹǲµģجΡ
һѧȥˣȻңѧУǵȥ
͵ԣùʯϣһҹɷ󣬶ʯӣҲĺۡ
Ŷʯ˼ƬȻ򿪵ԣˮȫҲϲ֮ǰлѩѾ绰˵վѾá
½վ濴˻лѩȻûдţվƵĺҲȫϸڸûһ©
㿪̨ʯƬȥԼԶʯʶдȥڶļ۵ʱʮʱ趨Ϊޣһڼۣ룬һ˵֣һǧ
λϾʹֻͼˣû˻ỨһǧôһҲʯͷʲôûУ˵һǧˣʮ򶼲˳
ľԶʯøһʶɷãֵ൱ˣͨ˰ڼҲܵլֻã֤լƽ˳˳ˮ
Ȼ˿ϳһǧ򣬷ҲѶʯȥ


9 һ
ۺ󣬷͹˵ԣеĶȹ˰պ󣬾ͱֻϡ
ˣڸʯͷҲһǧ򣿡һͨлѩܻʹ˹ųĵ绰ߣܸоŭ
СİֻÿЩеЩů⡣
ΪһЩھΣѾͷԷҵģæŪվҲǲ
лѩ
һֱվ£ò׵ȵվƵļæ賿İ֣˯߲㣬İϿζԺģһ¿ΣϸϻңҪĥһ£Ϳ˷ȥĶʯһ֮£ʱζըˡ
ʯһǧ
ʯûô󰡣˵߶߶ʯͷˣлѩں֣˼·һЩ滪ʲټϲϿػԴľӪ֮
˶Էаǳ绰ｫݺһͨ󣬲Ĺ˵绰
~~
ոչ˵绰ҪҿˮȵлѩȻͷȷԼֻ죬ɵһǸİ롣
ι~һ䣬лѩͨ˵绰
Ƭ̺ߵʲôҪǿơʯͷ

бСӳ⳵Ŀ⳯ǰıȺȥ
סˣǸ󣬵ȻһЩ񷽼Ҿˣǰ󣬷û
ӵлѩ绰Ҳǳһ
Ȼ˶ԶʯȤΪվݴһжû걸ϵϷлѩԼĵ绰롣
Էֱлѩʾ˶ԶʯȤǧʵ̫ףԷȻԥ᲻ûǮͬʱҲϵƭ˵ûϴʾܾ˵˼̸
Ϊǵһ⣬лѩԴȥԼҪϿεĻԼҲϹȥ
СſڵıĿŷȷǷһηĸоȻŲô£ûϡ
⻧˼ҡֱ˹ȥϵʽ˹ȥ
ǣܼҡɫ΢䣬ϵ˶Էȷ̷Уͬʱָ·ôߡ
ߵĿĵأ˰壬ܿ˶Ϳŵ˴˸棬һȻͬŵ긾ŮҲǵһ·Ƭˡ
СȻ㣬긾ŮĽӭ˽
ж˵ס
հ̣绰ǣǵã긾Ůգŵʱ򣬾Ϳƺʲô˼׷ʹ¡
˵£۾һ죺С֪бµˣһҪﰢ̰
üͷ΢壬˵ͷ
ĨĨ۾˵
ԭϹֵĲǰ֪ô£ͻȻķ֮£ü˺²ѡ
ʱϹײϣҲǵģ߼ǻ˸һúõһ˾ҵĽӽգǣָԷʱһжûм䣬ȫһƬհףȵأ͹ж׵Ļʹȥ΢·һ㣬ƫƫȴʲôⶼûУºҲһ֪
ΪɷĹֲģɷȥ˲֪ҽԺ
ǣȥļҽԺҽҽҲ˶רң鲻κ⣬һ糣ܽ
βμţҲᣬڶӵһ³ȥɢɢģȭŽЩٷ˴򵽣ºĽܣжʱһЩϣھˮˣһҲҪץס
ûϵʽûа취ҺƬûַ¼ڶʯĽܺĶˣɻҽ̬Ǹ绰
СǸǸһǧǲ̫ˣ֧֧ᣬ˼˵
ļҾһǧҲõĳһǧȥһʯͷô¡
ס˵ͷû⡣
һǧ򣬱Ҳûȥվڵ壬ҪչƷҪȵн˵˵óһǧ¶ʯǲŽй¡
ȻʯĵرԲܼȥ
С㿴ûа취Ҽ죿ʵϣĿΨ˵֡
Ҵˣհ̣ûãҪȿɷ֪
ǰɨûɷɾĶɷĹֲԭ
ûп֮ǰѻ˵


10 
ߵ㣬ɷ콨ص˼ҡ
λǣ˸İˣ콨Ŀ˷ۣתʵ
СǶһѵĺӣһᡣ㿴˷һۣЩŵ˵
⣬õ˵ǡ
Ȼ콨˹ֲ˲֪ȫ޼䣬ּȱʧĿհ׸оܸоģټ˵˵֪ԼһֲֹڼƵҪһֱϡ
˸ֶΣȴûһЧЩһֶΣҲ˲٣ʿʦʲô˲٣ȴûһ汾µģֻƭǮƣһνĴʦƭ˼ʮҲûӰˣ콨ʹ
ϵڣ˲ǮǵûãʹòΪأ콨ҲǷƢκٸβ¡
콨ŶһûлɣǰвٿˣΪĹֲʱᷢס˲ˣûŵˡ
Сÿ͵Լһ콨кһ䣬䵭ûж𾴵˼ЩϲԹԵĽ鷿
ԼĽڷ콨㲻ʲôȻа㾴η
ôŵʵ
𣬹ӱ濴콨һͨӣɹʿ磬Ƚȷܽ⡣
ô׾ͿĻͱˡ
ԳһЦ΢࣬䲻ɫĿۣ鷿λá
۵ӽ£鷿ǽڸڣ׾Ϳ콨
һϿ⡣
۵ӽ£ģһţȻ콨ϣȻһӰӡ
Ӱӣ콨һС߽ϣȴʼձϸ΢룬ԭΪһ塢ֱ˴˵콨һԱһˡ
ꡣ
ļ䣬һ۾˳ǸӰӾ콨Ļǣͨ˵ĻǺںϣ۶Ȼ콨Ļǣȴ뿪塣
Ȼûг׷룬壬ҪôˣҪôˣ콨߶ǡ
ѹֲ鲻Ĳ顣Ȼ
콨õ֢漰棬ִƼȻ鲻ֲΪ˥ߣ޷Լǣǽģ콨֢Ӧԭ
Ͽ콨ûΣգֻǾԵĻʧȥ䣬һЩ˼£Ƿ֪ʱһǳ׷룬ͻ˥ȥҲǱС
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Ŀ⳯ŶʯȥֻɢĻɫ΢ɼķ䵽
ȥע⵽콨ͻ֮䣬һص϶ʹ֮ϵ룬ıãҪѻڣȻҪع飬ûôˡ
һ֮ϵ뿪ԶһЩ콨ͻʹȥֻ߱һˡ
콨ջʱ϶ϵѾǳ΢ˣۿ˶ã֢ͻᷢǣĻɫҫӰ£콨ͻ֮ϵһӽࡣ
Ȼá״һϲĵرլ֮ܣӰ췶Χڣ֢ᷢö֮ǻܻعڣʹ֢ҩΡ
Сۣ̽ŵ˹
а취ˣеľȡ˵ͷ
仰һɣֻһʯأҲܷ˵ǲģлѡ
£Ҫ볹κ콨ҪѶʯڷȻǲܵġ
ǱߵıҪʯɷҲóһǧ򶨻ʯôֻʣһ취ˡ
տˮȻѶʯˮУһСʱ󣬵õһǵˮ
ڷ֮£ĿŴɫˮУˮ֢
ȻˮЧ̫ãĻɫʾͻӷʱûκˡ
ˮϹĲǰˮᣬЩٵʿβʱҲϡŹֵĶһöûУȥһ飬ȫǶкʡ
ˮಢЩƭӺõȥ
һԣûЧǷĲավѾˣҪϻȥ
ˣ֢ôεģҪʯѹЧһˮֻܻⲡ飬αȴβ˱Ҫʮ룬иεĿܡ
˷صͿ콨һĴ鷿˳


11 
ôû˯ͷһæʵ
콨ûлشֻСӵ˭
Ǻǣ˭һѵĺӣͱˡǿЦ
ƭң콨Ȼŭֲǰ׳գڼһǼСʱҲǺ䵭ʲôѵĺӣǰľҲ³˷϶βġ
ɫһ֪ôشĿȴʶˮ
콨ĿҲſ˹ȥڰϵˮһȫ׹ۿӲȰ棬ͷŭһӾð˳
ǰ͵Ʒڵžһʱķѣˮĵǡ
Σһ쵽֪ЩаŪ߰⣬ǲǰͲûÿҽ˵ˣû콨ָƿڴй˳߽˷䣬һعϡ
㱻һҳȵڴһ׹ص죬͵ɫ䣬콨Ĳ֪ģԵĲ鷢ûʲôɿԡ
æңϿ콨ڵذϣɫ԰׵ͬһ㣬ͬʱȥһƬǲʱ֢״
һʱ˳ȥͷʱ˵һ仰˵ɷϿ϶ᲡһΣǵðˮȥҪˡ
֮Իô˵Ϊףڶʯѹ£콨֢״⣬ͣʱֻ̫̣ʱı󣬵һߣʧȥ˶ʯѹƣ֢ͻͻȻһأǲ֢һ
ˮػɫѹ֢ʹ콨ĲΪأǺ淢ԡ
콨İᵽϣȻ֣֢״ǰҪأ֣벻ƻˡ
ˮˮ
ԤԵ¹Ȼ׼һ㣬ĵ֮࣬ԷҲǸŷ뵽뱻콨򷭵ˮļ١
ô죬Ϊʲôôִȵȣˮˣһ⣬һЩ
ͻȻʱ󶨻ʯʱʣµˮֹһ룬ֻȡ߾һˮʣµۣڹûж
뵽æվܽ˳ʣµİˮһԶĶ˹Сʢ𣬶˵콨ߡ
Һıܻڣİ£콨ʶĽˮȥΪ˱֤Чǽˮȫι˽ȥ
ιŵĿ콨
۲ɼڣЩԴԶʯĻɫʻ͸콨ڣ޸ͻ֮ϵ
ϣ콨԰׵𽥸ֺɫÿ࣬ţʼǿţûһȻ۾
ĿɿڴĿһУԼ۾
Ҫ֪ǰ콨Թȥô̼ûãһСʱСʱһξȻͷβʮӣд󲿷ʱ䶼ιˮϣ˵ˮһ¶ǣûӣͷá
ѵ˵һжģˮɷĲ
޴ľϲ͵ػ㣬һӷӦеĸоǰٸнԼǿҪˣɻҽͷ˷ԭҲָʲô֪ȴҵκɷˡ
ɷã۾ͻȻ̲סʹ޳
콨һæңǵԼ㷢𣬽Һͻ˹ȥϵĿհԼĲַˣȴֵĸоλԵʱƺĶ̡
콨οӼ䣬ȵȶϽһһʮ˵˳
Լ򷭵ˮȻκԼԼʮӾѵ漣콨Ҳסˡ
ǲ֪뱻򷭵ˮ¶Ǿܷã콨ѣǱİˮȻҲãǰߣȴǲԶˣȵϲЧ
Ҳãۼ˾ˮְܱЧʧǰˮֻάһСʱٳһЩʱ򲡷Ļ콨ҲҪȥ
ˣС϶ЩˣҪúллⲡҪ׸ΣҲҪϰ콨¶˼֮ɫԸ
콨ܾ֪ûȡκηþ뿪˵϶аǲˣԼĲӦûȫκãֻǻˣǾôκˣ콨ҲΪһǮһˡ
뵽ռʱԼŰڰڳӣ콨һͷ亹ҲѣԼûе˵ʲô˵
콨ʱ򣬷Ҳǻص˾סıʯڷڴһǺ󣬾ͽ˶¥ҡ
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12 ʮ
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ңԶĶİ׹Ȼ˷ߣһǰѸٱãŰ׹ڷǰ
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ϸĲ쿴˷ֵķΧڣûĵرĺۼҲʧⱾ֮С
ĵرôõã˵ǸδھĴ󱦲أҲĵر洦ɼʱһҵĵرѾ֮ϲˣʱڣָͬĺ
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һҹ޻һ磬ͽӵĵ绰ǧлٹȥһˡ
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ʱڣֹһˣɷ콨Ҳ棬æվЩ䵭ѹûЩֺڡ
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СҵһңҲʤмκңڱ꣬϶ʧ콨ˣ̬ޱȳϿҡ
˵һңԲǿŵ˵
Ҫ֪콨֢ʱ򲡷ײϣ˼Ǽҹ˾ǲ㱻Լ壬ΪԼҲΪ̯ƵĹ˾콨ͷҲΪѹƲסԼŭ
콨ĵģԼҵ
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ʮԼһ򣬾ͽ˰Ҳɴһҹ
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13 ﶼй
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ÿշõĻˮֻҪɸÿȡǣʯҪѹǱߵɷǲܳ÷콨ҵġ
˵ˣʯլ֮ЧҪ콨ҲͲʮܽˡ
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ݷƣһ»ˮ콨֢ܸΣκκ󻼡
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ҪһУԴʽȱһɣҪߵ·ܳ
õ꼸ķȴ˿ɣԼ

صлѩǴ˸绰ǳһۡ
˳ɵһ⣬ʮǹûлѩѾͷǾӹΰ
ƵꣿȥѪ𣬾Ȼֻ͡һˣĪϴЦ
ƵľƵ֮һˮƽܸߣͨ˸Ѳ
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ԼڽƵ󣬷͹˵绰
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14 һ
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Сģģ˭Īüͷ壬֮ٶԷ˵ǾвûǰĻ˵ļ̱Ȼʲôѡ
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һ˫Ĵ۾ڷͣһᣬƺʲôһԭ㡭
ʲôʲôԱߵлѩһ㶡
ûɶһ㴫šͷæ˹ȥ
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ֵܱϳңҴǸȦֻǸСϢǷвС¶᷺㲨ҲֻǵСϢһЩûôģټϷĺܣûϵʱ֮һᣬȴ
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֮ˣȻ̸ĸƲĻףȴҲǰǰִߣᣬСˣһɱ̫ˣô˷Ź
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15 ŭķ
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16 Ҫ
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17 ȱǮ
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콨ֻ˵ͷ֪۸ȷʵݣûаˡ
Ĳ󣬹ⶰӣֵһٶܼԳ
Ҳ¼ųû˼ʲ󻯣ɴһԶȫ
Ҳ⡣
¡Уڷﲻǿ壬ȵԺ϶Ҫٵĵطȥģ۸񣬷ҲԼĵߣǡڿɽܵķΧڡ
ֻ
ȱǮšĵװȴǲɫܵļ۸㹫ҳǮҪʱ䣬ܸţҪˡ
⻰һ϶ʱЩɡ
Ҳ·տڰ׻߸ţֲˣʱͰװ׵ˡ
ͺӣ㻹Ųȥ˵ʱҰǡ콨һۣ
ҵȻŵù콨ĳŵҲ˿룬˵£ֻˡ
ô˵ˡͷ
ȵһ뿪콨˹
ȱǮĻҿԽ㣬ٺ٣ҵҪ󲻸ߣֻҪռһɷݾͿԡ콨
ľ᲻ã˿϶˵Ц֪ҪڲпʵǰͷѪ
콨֪жô棬һ鶨ʯκԼĲһǧ콨㶼
˶ʯĶֻҪͬȼһ¾һڶ죬Ӷг
Ͷʣ׬Ⱑ
콨飬붼룬;ܾˡ
ЦԼжǰ;֪ģͶȥǰˮ뽦
ԺڴҹϵķϣۿҲ͵ˣڹɷݣ붼롣
ңҲ콨顣
⼸죬ҪúóǮˡͷ


18 ĳͻ
۵ġ
̸֮콨ͷȥһţһŭȾڲԶ
ţʮ뺷ͷȾɫСӳһͷ˹ﶼץľ֮Ķתۼ䣬Ͱѷ콨Χסɱڡ
ʲô콨һȻϵ黹򶨣ȴβסһ˿ңϾֻǸݵˣ뵽¡
Ǳߵ˾æӳûͱС˿ȥֻת
Ǳܿͻġ콨ȴԵЩɫ
죿Ǻ°Ϊ׵СһţһӴ˱۳ϣһ죺ϰ壬˵ǰǴ뿪᲻Ⱦĸ졣
콨۵Ŀ۱۳϶Ŀ̺ۡ
ĳ˸λ˵һúǰ콨Ը󣬷źЩСģõ˼óһǮĿмǧЩǮȥ
Ǯ֣콨ɲ뱻Ե޹ʵĴһ١
ϧǰЩС첻һס
Ǯ˲Ǻ翴еĵطҲҲһŽ۵ĶҺݺݵĴ򡣡ΪСһƴЩǮɱڵĺһɤӣΧСʱ׹¶ŹͺݺΧ˹
콨ż䣬ȴһֻͻȻ˹סһľ
Ƿ
֮ǰû˵뿴û飬Ȼ̸£ˣҲ
ꡣľֶϣһ˦֣ľХŷ˳ȥһСϣ߲ҽһŶڵء
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һţ˶סˣЩȥСŵͣס˽ŲһӷӦ
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콨˫ĿŹ⣬͵Ӷ˵Ļʱɴ˼ٷ˺󣬲ע⣬ڴҲ˽β
Ͼ£Σûʱд󶨡
ʮСΣڣ׺ݳ̶ȣЩСδֽٷ˵Ķ֡
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Ĵߴ£ʣСٴ
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ź󣬷ʵǿͨͺЩֲָ࣬һȭһһ˳ܲ𣬶˵ȭţȴûжЧȻԷڵʵЩСҲ
һ򣬵ϾʮʹˣȴǺˡ
ΪǸС춼ɵˣǵĵʲô˰Ȼô
ĿͶ˹
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Ͼļ䣬ߵУ֪ɱ˶ˣȻûɱˣҪģŻˣȴǲѣȻֵּĻͲˡ
ܣܣ⡭ɺ޹ذ
ĶСµͳˣȵС춼󣬲Ÿͣͷ¡ſڣҪ˵£»Ҳ˵尡
ܷģҲԩ˵ġܣȻʱ·˲࣬Ƿ˶Ź˲Χֻۣûҿ
飬æһ£ٽһطҪô£
ѣ˼ְԱһߵŷ콨ԼǸΪ׵Сһưܵļӹڡ
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ü
пʡУﶯ鷳Сǹ컯֮£ӰӣЩС¿ˮ̣ȴͬЩС쵨Ҷ֣˵о˹ڡ
ҪȰĻڳ취¡
콨ȻҪæֻǸ˶ѣңҲύȨȨҪƽ»ܣ¾͸˵ˡ
ЩС죬ԾǳģĻԺҵ鷳ࡣ
˳ڣһ˦֣Ϊ׵Сűһӣȵ
˵



19 
С챻ˤۣʶﻹ˼һһʮĽ˵˳
¡УǺ翴еĵط֪ͷҪ˼뽫¡гԼ¹ؽڶˣ͵ͷˡ
ǵضβ;ߵĻҪ򣬺粻ǮԾǶסУеˣһɽѵһ٣ǲšС첻Ľ͡
⻰һ˵˶ʱˡ
Сĺ磬᲻óôǮĵֶΣߣʱȥ޿κ֮£Ҳֻܽ¡еͼ۳ۣú˱ˡ
ѹ֣ѹЩ˼Ǯ󣬵ڶûӰһΪô£ԭڵĻðɣͳСݺ˼ţзС첻ҷߵĿ޵
³£ͶˣҪ¡Ҳһ죬ǰв̸Щδؾͻ̳УҲпܽطɱġ
ڷ֮ǰ߰˲Ҫ¡УǵڶûӰ´绰ȥԷҲ֧֧᲻˵Ƣһģ޵Ȱ콫г֣Ҫ鷳Ƣһģֱƿڴ
ӦöЩСϾ㲻ЩС죬ҲҪ󣬻᲻ͷܵԷɧţĶӻֱӷ
ˡסµķйƳһۣЩ£֪ܶ飿
֪飬ȴûǣľͿˡ
һɨ亹ˣæҡֵ֪治֪ܣҪҡ
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˿ѹЩ˵Ĳʵ¶飬ԭǱвˡ
ôſڶ֣ü
ԭһͷˣû̫ʱҲͲˣǿű۹һ֪Ǵϰ壬ǵǻֱӰ¡Ǿ鷳ˣֱӶ֡
콨һԿЦԭ»Եڡ
СĿǰҶҪʱǮ콨֣ȴһ󣬾¡˻ᱻЩСͼˡ
ˣǸˡ
ܣܣȻȥɡ
콨֪϶ԼĴ㣬ֲֵܲˣ˶ʹĸǶȥ¸ţֱӽǮȥ˶ʮǶԷĸмͲ
һߣĿͶС졣
˵ĺ磬ģ

Сָǰһ˵
˹ȥӱϿֻͨլȻʵϣȴһģСĵ¶ĳǸνĺ磬ĳˣһµС졣
绰ȷ档
С첻ҷСڷأԼֻһֺ˹ȥ
ëӣĻûսͨͲʹһĺСһ
磬ҪҪ㱨ǹµģСЩľʵ
ĳʮڹ˵һ仰͹˵绰
߰ɣһȥȻڶĳ棬Ҳʡٸϵȥ
ʱǰ죬ĳûҲݱ̫˿
ĳſڣ׳
ëӣ˭һ׳۷ʵ
ңǺѣҸո˵绰ǽȥСһ˺죬˵Ͳ˵ǺѣСҲǹ˲ô࣬ĲˣסС˵
׳ûлɣ÷˽ȥ
ĳܴ汻Կˣ˸ָĶľߣʱ򣬿ӵ˴˯ֻǼŮڴɨ
С⼸Ů˷׷ۣӢʷǷķĿһ㣬һ󵨵Сһŭɷǣæ˿ȥ
¥Сŷֱӵȥ
ҡҡͷһ֪Էʲô֯ĺᣬȻô׾Լ˽Ķ֣ʵ᲻Ȥ
ԼôСģǰ׷ˡ
硣Сߵһǰš
ëûҹ˵洫
СҪӦţȴһüƿ̧ϡ
~
޴ֱӽߵķѣɽȥ


20 ȡ
ûһŴ˵С죬Ȼ˽ȥһһ̵ǱĶŷľϵǼȾɻȻôҲû뵽ԼĴôͻȻˡ
Ŀɨ䣬ڿһ䵱辰ļɽʱͻȻ䣬סˡ
ǣĵر
ߣóѰĵرĵޣ˵Ҫ֮½ѰĵرĵرԼǰʱϡоġ
ۣ˵ֻۣ̿Χһжʱģ
ⲻͬڱ֮½׹֣һĿȻԼĵ̣һЩⶫ⣬Ǻѿġ
Ȼڼмɽλãһ㵭Ļɫȴ˷ע⡣
ȻĵرΪ˷ܣȻֻĵһĵرվҲĵرǷɱȵģͬΪһȵĶʯ֪Щлıжôǿˡ
û뵽ΪĵһУȴջ
ȷ֮󣬷̳ۣǼĵرʲôûϸϣϾվҪȽ˵
˭ĵĸҵӳ£ˣˡ۱ĵرʵֻǼʱ䣬ںСֻĿɨ䡣
һ˴ţڵݺݵһ۴·С죬ƴĽ
ΧķһңĴٶȳ˽
磬ʲô£С˭ҲǺɻȷԼδ
΢΢һЦ
ô˶£ʱ򣬻ͻЦ
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ëӣðȻҳңģǴӱﴵԸһһҽСһȭϣ㽫ȥ
㣬ҵˣͱˣӷжȲɣ˵ߵţۿԽԽ࣬ĵҲȫûѷһ׸ģ
ҽҪһ仰ûảвûһ㣬Цžֱڣ¡УҿˣжԶ͸ҹԶ
Ŵ쿴ŷͻȻЦȻİ׳գҵҺĵҹЦˡ
ΧŴЦ
Ц𣿡ЦһһͳںǰһֻסĲӽôãһ㶼Ц
һװˣִָ󣬺͸СƵģȫûз˫ƴţȴⲻ֡
û˷ӦںԱߵĴ󺺣ֹɼٶ֮졣
ɳ󺺶ʱ˳ȥײ˲ټҾߣһʱ
һĻķ˶鲻Խĵһ
Ⱥ硣ۿźڷϽ˰ۣЩֶʱˣ
΢ɹ˦˿ȥһߣٽصİ칫̨ѹһˣӴǽһߣ˶ʱɳײˣſڵλãסǵȥ·
ǸҿˣһȭһţӦأܿ͵һȺˡ
~һͻȻ
ëȻĸо͵ػͷԼվһˣֳһǹǹָ
ǹִв֮һǿҲûаܵӵϾ½һ㣬ΪǿĻЩǹ֧
ȴǱǿסˣǹֶ΢΢š
𣿡ЦͻȻԱ߼ٴȥͬһʱ䣬˿ǹˣӵһ˷ԭλá
˻ŵڶǹ͵ǰֱһӣͽǹִĹۣһŽ߷ɳȥײǽϲѪ
ץסǹ΢һʱֳΣһԡ
ǹûãЩھˣʱ֪˶ôµ
ҵĻ𣿡ߵǰ
ף¡еĵ̣ǾԲٶ˼ò״һֲвú˵ﻹҶ졣
Ļңշ
շͫһȻ㲻ʲôл죬Щ˿ԵЩܵȻǺġ
շģ֮ܵһ
ȻÿշĶʱ˵շɾ˵ˣЩܵˣ˸䣬ԭŵģõľȥһسӵͷҲǲɡ
ǲǣˣǾԲܵˣԺˣжԶҪԶ˾
ǻ¡е鷳ǵ³ͬɽߵɽԣһӣʱɽķ飬ԴͬʱǼĵرҲϢ


21 ƺ
ɽɳ
üͷ±棬µż̵٣Ȼİеʮͷʹ
ӵ̴˼³ȥϵ¡һʱһʮڽֵϣʹţ˸ͷѪѪºزһˣһϵˣǿ˵ķ룬ʣµˣܵҲǽΪˣȻͨʵĴܶŹ
Щˣﶼа׵ģǸµС죬Ǹ¶ĳĺ˻죬ɳǼҳ㷹ǣӵȻûκκøС
һ¡ְԱ˹ǾǵǸȻϣＸ˻ʢЩҵĻơ
ĹһֶţҲϾԱˣЩСս֪˾ͰʮС˵أƭȥɣΪǵԱһɢھǼ۵ӣ֪ǱƳġ
Ҳûж룬ϣ˴˻ȥ
ֶ˫ֱѶ¡ǱߵãְԱԴܹϲ踣쳣ĸɴ࣬Ƕ°ģȽ鵣ºһĲܶŹѣֲǶصİ
ң˭Ļǿδϰ尡õᣬ˭Ź˭ɵϡ
ͷ۵ģСǱߣ˽СҪϳֲ֣ǼְԱһİˡ
Ǹ˭ɶһ֪
ӣҪȻ¡Ǳ߼ӵѹҾͲܿס˵һ³⡣
Ȼ˽鿸ľ򣬲Ͼͨˣ浽ɳͺˣڻ򶨣Щ˵Ҫ˳ಢѡ
üͷ壬û˵˽£ǲԸΪЩСͷġ
డô򵥵һôڻûꣿһɤţһơƶǵ˽
һ
ӣɽɳĸ
Ŷʲô߼һЦҲû̫Ȼļ߰뼶ְϲûͳϵӲҪֵĻҲҶȥ
ܼǺصĴܶŹ¼ֵ˺׺ݣҲΣգβܵĻȺڶһǱڵĴвҽ˰ץϳα֤¡Сһӣɽӵ˵
ЦһţͰѰԣԵƫСǱߣô˵¡
ԷĸײɾһЩܣҲ֪ġ
Ǹջɣ԰黹˽⣬ⰸڲɡӲ䲻ȵĶһ䡣
㡭ɫ䣬üѹˣڴֻͻȻ˿룬ɫһ䣬˳ȥӵ绰
һҲ֪˵ʲô߽ʱ˸˵˵ǣҲǱ߻£Ҿˡ
˵꣬ҲǵĴӦеǱ˳ȥ
ţô£ף̬ȸı֮죬϶Ǻһͨ绰йء
ӣںǻһľ˻ղȥӵ绰ʱװ·һ
ںʲô񾭣ô³ͷˡü
ӣЩСĿڹˡһѶľ˽µ˸ģʦһӴЩС̻˵˵·Сģײ·ϣ޹ء
ײ·ײˣһ۵һЦ˳
ˣȻܺ˶ô˵ǾͲˣ˭֪ЩСǲڱĵط˴ܡӿԼ˶ۣ¡еͷŻȥɣȻ޹أҲûҪҹˡ
Ӧһϳȥˡ
ӣôˣ׻ңءһսɳõ̲סʵ
㰡ѧɡԴûлش
ԷܱƵںԳ棬Ҫ¸ĿڹɼԷ֮ԼһС죬ǿԳͷܺЩС죬ʹһӦã˭ΪǱƽ
һ²һ¡

صҺ󣬷´˸绰˽°顣
类ˣ֪շ󣬸ǳ׶ºѰͷ˷һߣ̴绰˺ЩСӴ̱ĿڹȻܺ˲׷ɳȻǿԳͷҷ鷳
ⳡСķ粨ôһ䡣
µ绰˿¡еѾųԼܷĳǮˡ
˶񣬷ɽĵرȡ˳


22 ľ
ģһɫľֻĴָС൱Ĳۡ
ۻͶǰĵرϣϢȡ
ľһĵرзഺ֮Ч
ȻЧЩ죬ͶʯһľԼûκôȻãȴ൱
ഺǶǿЧഺϣ֪ˣȵ׷ԲԵʱ򣬲׷ĪȻʱȴǲᵹġ
ϵˣŮԣഺִţǳģԸΪ֮޴ĴۣױƷĶΪ˳Ӧɳ
ľһĵرǲķഺʱģֻͣϣǹһ㣬׷ˡ
¶ϲɫߵǾƷ·ߣȻͷĶʵ̫ˡ
ʯȽ⣬Ч콨Ⱥ̫ĳ߼ۣҲȥĿǰԣʯֲԼĹֶΣ޿
裬ĵر֮ʯľ߼࣬ЧǺ˵ӳ
ڼ޵˵޼֮
ȻڣУ㣬˭ỨǮһûκαϡԴɵĶǳԹ֤ȷЧŻĶϾٵĶδţκһˣỳɡ
ֻʹһεģûȥ飬ڶԣĲӦеۡ
һֱΪδͷ۲ѵķʱȴüͷչľȫﵽһĿġ
ϧһСʵ̫ˡ΢뿪˾סı
¶ĳ
ںߺĴϣһŮӸĦ˫磬ϸһ˿ɫĺۼס治СֻҪԸĻȫĲӡ
ţܵľֽȥͻȻǼ˰㣬ֱֵŮʧȥ֧ţһˤϣڻںȴûаֵ顣
ϴۣܰ˽ЦЦ
ȥںЩ仰ǶŮ˵ġ
Ů˲Ŀ˷һۣ֪ںĺҷǹԹԵ˳ȥ
ôˡںɥ£ʵǷӡ̫̣ҪС
ýţһ£ɽǴŪġ
ں£˵Ǳһ辰ɽ
һ300ԪӶ԰ģǼҵ֣ǽʲôʯʲôѶǹγ˰죬ںŻһЩϸڡ
ĿʱȴֺѾˡ

԰
ﾭһЩŶȻд󲿷ֶǼٻ
Ų˽ȥ
ľĻã˸ѡ
½ϾǧĿȷƻĲˣĵرԶ纣ķḻⲻ½Ͼûĵرˣ˵һЩڵصԵĵرѾھĵرҲžͳûֵˡ
ľǸܺõӣõֻһľ֪ı϶ԶֹĴָСһСأģĻ˵ûܹĵرУֻǱʶƻˣֻʣһСڻԵɺ£˷
辰ɽƳɵʱ䲢ľ棬ĹвСĵȥģֻҪҵߣ˵лҵʣķľ
˵ֻǸϣҲпܶԷֻһСطľҲ˵ĵر̫ˣΪһܣһ˶ֵá
Ҫ֪ĵرÿһʶĿģ񶨻ʯͷľ൱ĲۣϲʶˣָѶʯʯѷľ鰵ͶĿԷǳ
԰вٵ棬ͬҲвٰڵ̯ģŲϡŹ֣²ɵĶеҴߺȣкŹˣҲеڣûôкߺȣ̯λǰȴǰ㶼١
Ȥ˿ĳפ̸ۣҲǶ԰һ
۾Ŀڵ̯Ͽȥĳ̯λͣãȥڹ۲ƷʵȴǿۣĿɨܡ
Χһжģ壬ȥһƬجдĵرĹâ֣϶ᱻһʱ䷢֡
ϧǣĵرεȺﶼǵǣ˵½ˣִֶȻֵڴĿ鼰԰ҲûκֵעĹâ
˳״̬ڶ԰ţСʱ󣬵һСʯĵǰټĶ԰ʯֵĵ棬ֻˣĻںǵ辰ɽǴġ


23 
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ոսţöһʮСŮſдҵ̧ͷ
үүпˡСŮ亰
˻ᣬһͷףŸϻ۾ͷ˳
Сӣʲô
ȿһ¡˵ĿԵĻʯĶһвپɵɽʯݣҲ൱£ĵģָ뿪˲ƽ
Ŀת辰ɽһʯ辰ɽкü࣬ζǻ˲˼ģϸĿȥ
ĴţͷҲļƵĸһЩƷɨҳСŮĵҧűͷдҵ
һδ򿪣һŵ˽
ƺʯĳˣ󣬺ͷ˸к˼ҳҲߵһԿ
ûлȤʱѾȷںǵ辰ɽǴȥģԭܼ򵥣һͲŷľ辰ɽһģһļɽһޣһ֪ͬһ֮֡
Ų˹ȥߵ辰ɽǰʱһĪļ¶ӿͷ÷һ
ָоҵĵرһ㣬ڵ¶ĳǴΣҲͬĸоǳΪ޺ıܣֻǺһαεĸоҪ΢ࡣ
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۾΢΢ͬʱۣ״̬ٴγ辰ɽڵλÿȥȻǣûκ쳣Ĺâ֡
֡ûгֹ÷üͷ
Сӣʲô𣿡ͷע⵽辰ɽǰվһᣬ̲סʵ
Ŷûʲôعָ辰ɽ˵ҿɽˣϰ㿪۰ɡ
ΣˣҲȱǮ
300ɡͷ룬
ͷ۸Ǻں˵һҪˡ
ߵ̨ϣǮʵϰ壬辰ɽҿϲģﻹûУȥˡ
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辰ɽӦûˣûǴĻǰһǱ߿ģǸպܺõʦĶԼģϧʧܣ磬ͰЯĶ˴ˣҿǵеͻǮ衣ͷ룬˵
ϧˡЩϧԷǱߵˣ֪ɽϻٺʡģûжϳľλãѾ磬Ҳ޴׷ˣΨһȷľǣɽȷǳ֣֮ûߡ
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ӹ̨ϳһŰֽԼϵʽ档
ȥɽͷһ
ǸСŮӦһҵæСܵ辰ɽԣţЩĽ辰ɽǲأСŮܰᶯġ
磬һС·СŮѾһЩˮ˷ߣæ辰ɽ˹
ȥӣȻСŮֵʱ͵һȴǶȻ֡
ž~޴辰ɽˤ˵ϣˤϡãʯĵǡ
죬סСŮԱһûҵȻˤõ辰ɽСŮСһ⣬Ȼ
⣬⣬үүҡСŮȦһ죬û뵽ͻȻ֣ΪԼ̫죬ʮ
ͷҲһŮͷû˲˿ȴǿЦ
û뵽ᷢ£Ҳû̫ע⣬辰ɽˤˣ˭Σ治˵
СӣǶԲɣٻһɽΣǮͷǺˣȻ֪˭Σǽ
˰֣ûнӻҲûпӺ˼ʱ⣬һȴҲûϸ룬ʱŷס
£Ȼ˵ɡĿˤ辰ɽɨһ飬۾΢żʯһʱһ͸ʲ˳


24 
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Ҳʶˣһⶫģ˳һϵȵı䣬ֵơ
ԭˡ䣬ףΪʲôԼôֵĸоˡ
ʯһ֣ߵεε۸񲻷ƣȻڵȴĵرļΨƷ֣ǿĵرǰδǿëߣ˵Ǳ䣬Ǿĵرǲ˲١
˵䣬ĵرĴƷ
۵ȼ̫ͣĿǰ޷ִƷĵرģȻǿܺĵرϵϵܱӦ
кܶ࣬˲Σͨĵرˣڵ󲿷˲ζĵرĵȼٰݵ˲ΣʸһȵĵرĶֻƷ̫͵ģƷ㲻ˡ
ȻǱ䡣
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λǣһͷӵĶûֹԷֻǵĳϲˣҪĻͲΨֱ˲֪ıˡ
鱦˾ҵɣǿˡͷ˵ĸߵʯҲû˵Ҳҵʧ̬
ϣ˭ģҡҵɽ߬䣬һΨֱߵģ
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ǲС辰ɽģղûȣˤˣ͹˳Ҳֵģɡ׵ͷ˵
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ȻǮ̰ӲҪ˵Ļ;ˣ˵±˶թķһһ
ģҵɴΪĽĿ˷һֹۣţôûôõ
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ܾͽҷɡ΢΢һЦ˵
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ţҲûá˵ͷĵر㲻ϵ䣬Ȥ󣬾ȥҲļ۸÷ȱǮǮõѡ
ܾ߰ɡһſھĳõļƷ䣬ǵļֵҲһ֪
ҵɾѡ
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ҵû뵽ҲǶеģȻļ۸񣬵ҲܽܵķΧڣҲˬˣ̴Ӧ
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ԶǮǲҪײҪΪ֮Ļ᱾ĩˡ
пֻҪȥضԶȶʯ֮öĶࡣ
ңܱԭʯû䣬жʲôƷ֣ǹĵرļƷ䣬ڵΪǷֱ治ϸڵģһ׬ͻп̫òʧˡ
ҵƬҵɺͶһһƬ
֮ǰıڵƬ࣬зϵʽеĵַˡ
ɽ·300ţҼǵƺ¡аҵֵ
Ժˡ΢Ц
ҵɻȻʱпҵĳһȥ
үү粻𣿡
ǱߵСŮѾˣ۾ŷǣ֪ǱʶĲƸ
ôᡣСŮԴһ顣
Ǻǣ˵ܵõǮһݹͰСŮԴЩǸ⡣
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ЩСƬСŮֺܿǺǵЦ
죬ҪƴǣƬСҲֵġ
ֵǮС⣬Ͼͱƴˣ͸ģʱǸĻ֪ͨһ
ܹ辰ɽһű䣬һǲŷľɺϣ÷߸ڴ


25 ҵ
߳԰´˸绰Լռ̸תˣ׼
绰ͷµڲǼģô£ϣ飬ǰ¡˳֣˦
˵绰룬ָлѩ˸绰Լ档
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ĵرȻϡ٣ϡٵģȷĽǵ÷ӳˡ
ˡ
ص߽Լң˿̨
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Ҫ÷ľãҪģ
Ͼĵرͬ죬ӵǿľҲ£ֻطľվֻһ֣޸֮ľǲܼˡ
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Ҫһ£ŻЧĬĬţһº󣬲ܼľ÷ȡľľ衣
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ʲôأ绰ﶼ˵лѩһƣ췽Լ绰˵Ĳ׵ģ˰졣
ȥ˾֪Цӡ
лѩֱĥŷһڡ
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΢΢һЦҲͣԹԵ˽ȥлѩ޺޵Ĵһ£˺档
ܣǺǣˣҵ㶼졣¿첽ӭеȦô˯ţΨֽĽ׳ʡ
ںǵ£㲻ųٿˡ
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̸ֱ°ɣܡԼ绰˵ˣҲͿżɽֱ˵
ǣλµȻǰͲˣڵİѷлѩӭȥһ
ܺʲô軹ǿȣлСأʵ
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Ӧһӹͷβϸһ裬ʱʱһڣǸе̬ڿһٶĺͬڿһС˵һ⣬һš
һСʱ󣬷ļ¶֮ɫ»ʵͬûص壬֤Ҳûκ⣬ȷ¡
ûˡˬݺͬ϶ǩԼ֣ţݸ£ҲǽԼȥ
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졣վס¸ɱƣҡҡ
Ǻǣˬˣ⣬ʹ졣ͬһǩ䶨Ҳǳ׷ϾЦݡ
ת˺ܿɣӵһٰʮ˵ϢһЦ˻
ôҾ͸ˣˡ¿ûмⷬ£Ϳİõĳˡ
͡
վ̨ϣתͷܣвɵһԵĺ飬Ӵ˿طˡ


26 Ů
⵽ô£һߣлѩ׷ʡ
˰죬ڻһͷˮģȻµĽ׶ûбܿ˵ĻҲöҲܲ²һЩֻǲ²Ľʵ̫˼
ѵ˵ˣлѩ۾ֱŷ
ǵġʼ磬Ѻͬݸ
лѩɻĽ˹Ŀܿɨ˽׽һС
һٰʮ򡭡ģôǮлѩԾĽ˳۾ûȷһٰʮ
Ȼɷ¡УлѩΪֻʮңϾ޵ķʽĻҪĽǮ̫࣬ȻĽ׽ȴǻλۡ
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Ǯ᲻ǴǸʲô塭лѩͻȻ뵽˽ƵһĻʱЩ
޹أЩǮƾԼı׬ġᵽǸ壬Ϸɿ֮ɫȴţҷҪ׬ǮҪ𣿡
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֪ЩٺѧУ쵼֪Ϣ󣬻α顣
ҡҡͷлѩջܵ˼
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еӪ£ԼϣҲûôʱ;ֻҪʱԼһЩؼϲ־ˣʵķȨõѡ
лѩѣҲ˽⣬ֿεѣеľ񽻸ܷġ
ûпЦ˼лѩʱĿ
ȥǲǣ𣿡ϾУѧȻҪҵˣлѩûжġ
лѩĶˣȻٺѧĸ߲ҵ󲻳ҲùҪһҰҵĻᣬҲҪĥ꣬ΪŮԣⷽǸӼѡ
ѵõĻᣬлѩǣϾǸѧȻУʱǰ೤ٺѧȫصѧѧУȫ£ܶྭ鶼ûõϡ
ǰһһУڣѾһˡԼлѩɻ󣺡İɣ㱻һ㣬Ҳġ
лѩһЦ˳
ĪϡǣҲΣҿҲʺϵеܾ˵кҪһʱܿҵеҲҪĳУҰĪϺɽæ͸Щ˳ҲܻһЩ飬ȵʽҵԺʤˡ
лѩ۾һʱ仺壬൱ѾǴѧҵи壬³鲻ʱ緽˵޵ʱϤе̺͹飬ʱҲ֪Լܲʤְλˡ
ǺãҾȵһеľְܾλܷʤΣҲҪȵұҵСлѩ˾ģҪץסѵõĻᡣ
ҶġЦ
ȻӦлѩܿͽ˹״̬
Ĵߴ£еԱټ˶лѩͬʱнΪһµޣȻȥнˮշ
ʱлѩȨκһԱǰæǱ浽ӵ´ȨԴһˡ
¡ԭеԱȫˣҲȫ£ⷽĲóͽлѩ۾飬ͬʱҲɱȨԱ


27 ֮
վһҳ棬ԭհ׵ĵطһеַдɽ·ĵַ
ССı䣬ûʲôվ˵Ȼڷ˵ȴһ޴Ľţʽˣǰ޸֮ľԴ֮ˮ
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ĩԼĵܵܣ˳ѡ
ѧУѧ࣬򳡺ͲٳϵһЩѧڴ»źˮ
Щ㱣ȻֻǼ£ȴô£ͬУ԰ԣƺϱӵһ㣬Ҳ޷ںϽȥ
ٺʡصѧٺȫʡѧһϵѧסѧУǵһˣᳵ·ĺܿ͵2¥档
ûôأֱ403ңš
˭ѽһű򿪣һ۵˳
ǡҼǵ㣬Ƿ֮еĸ硣Է㶣ž
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ͷֵ֮ӵܳӦùǽʳĸȴΪһ¹ʣҵ䣬żӶ䵽ľ棬Ҫά
ЩЩɶ͡
зŭԼܵίνǷԼί
򹤣е䣬ٲһЩ£ףԼ󣬲˿æ֮д򹤵ĵط˵˳
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ҳйģСҪǸѧУѧΧסƷǲ٣ܣһʱ䷽û֮ġ
ʱͻȻüͷһ壬Լܵܵ
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ϰ忴˿ִĶһƿҺۼ220Ԫ긾ŮʶǸһסܣеǮⱦģиȱ㣬̰Сˡ
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ϰʱΪ֮һʱˣһֱܺãʱҲֻˣ뵽ɫҪӲŷ֮еǸ
м¼𣿿˾֪˭˭һȺ𣬶ƿ˽
硣֮־ϲе㺦·
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Ƿ֮еĸ磬ȻִһʣΪʲô¼񡣡Щ䡣
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˭˵¼Ϳ¼񰡡긾ŮˬתͷϰָʹСĸҲСϰģҵ㻹Ųô򵥵Ҳĥĥ䡣
˵ʲô֮дŭ˵Լûʲôô˵ԼĸС
ҡҡͷס˷֮УֻЦſϰ塣
ϰôûУǾͲҪԼˡ
긾Ů˵ϰ϶ã˿ȷǷķ˵ǣ㿴ǵô˼¼񣬵ʲôʧô죿
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ǣ¼һᣬʧǧԪС𣿡긾ŮҲ
֮ͨ죬֪ôһ򣬾û긾Ů˵ôţҲΪûôǮ
긾Ů⣬ΪȲʤȯ֮ʱ
һͮͮİԪϰС
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28 
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ϰüֱ
һԪüͷһµģС
ʱﻢ£Ѿ˵ȥˣ˼ҺںóһԪԸΪʧ򵥣ʲô˵
ϰ壬ȥ¼˼Ǯˡ
ǰǰǷǹϣԩСӡ
Ա߿ֵҲ׷塣
긾ŮǱһͣɫѿ˵ֵòǮ˦־ӳһ򣬲Զ˵Ķ࣬ģӲŵģۿϰתҪȥ¼񣬶ʱЩ
ϰ壬ҵŲ긾Ůżû취ǿֹϰ壬ǲ
ܴ㣬㿴Ҳû취ϰ̯̯֣Ǿģü¼޻˵
Ϳ׵ġ֮д
긾Ů޻˵ֻЩ
俴ԼĵܵܣڱĵطǮ˵ֶΣǹغܵܵȴǹ˲ˡ
¼ܿ˳ϵ·һ̣Ӽ¼ϣĿ긾ŮĽƿҺְҪ뿪ʱ򱻷֮кֹ
й˶ȴûзڹͼͺˣΪҳûܵķʩְĻȷԴȥ֣Ͼ긾ŮϹ˿ͣЩԱȥԵ޹ʵѲְ
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֪ȴ֮ץ˸С
ϰ̬Ҳ˸һٰʮȴת䣬ֱԼ۾Լﾭһ㶫ȻɣȴҲûлɵ긾Ůϣȴ뵽ɳ¡
ϵҡײƭװ̫̫ʵǸСϰţѹûǮ
Ⱥﺰһɤӣ긾ŮΡ
긾ŮһǵĸƵģݺݵĿŷֵֵܣԼɨأˣʡԼ͵ΪȴǽйƵ˷ֵͷϡ
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ҹ̧һţӷ׵ߵ˽
߰ɡûһۣŶϰ˵ҵܵԺ󶼲ϰˣһ¡
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һۣ˼Ӹôһ򣬵ȷмֽŲʵҲҪôǮֲʧԼôҲΪ˽ϰסţʹŷ֮뿪˳С
磬Բ𡣡֮еͷһµģ
ûдܵܵԴ̾˿
֮죬Ц
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ȻԸܸܵ࣬Ƿ÷֮ɴִŵϰߣûǮ
֮һֵΪü꣬һֱǷչ˷֮к磬˵׬˲ǮҲǺޱš
ôһڣˣŵܵܳȥԷھһ¡Ĵ̳ʱ֮ƵƵףЩɫ
ЩϸڣȻ
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ʱһʮǰӵĴï̳˳·һɫﳤȥ
ǶҵķԶ֮е
ԶǸ꣬ͷһǷҵĵϵĶӣï̳϶󣬽˶ӴҲ֪Ӹǻ᲻ܵï̳ĸףܻˣǸҲûۡ
뵽ɫ΢
ԼҪӿŲˣøĸĻҵЩӸǰܻ
ǲ˼ï̳֮вŸŷ뿪
İɣְЩҵȻ͸㡣ŵܵܣĬĬ˵
ĸĲҵһҪģо͹ˣûнʮڲҵ˼͸̳ܵС


29 
ףղСߺСʮһ
ܳʻ˳Զͷ˼ۣջĿ⡣
ͷ֮УڷҵУֱеߺ͵ʮһȻǰˣڷֵͷҺ޹ϵ
ԶҲǺһ㣬ղҲżȻƺ˷ǣҲһƳҲûȥԣһ΢Сˡ
ڵķֵܣûڷԶôһпҲ͹ˡ
һļʮǰ͹㷢˵ҪΪŮʱҲҪȥܣ飬ͽˣҪҵ룬ԶԸ
ϣһͺͷԶ޼ӣʱŷԶڷԸɵֱֱ鹧ȵԶ˵ڴӦ
зܣҲǷӵܣȴǵϵԱϵͬΪλȷԶĵϵҪͺܶ࣬ҪλѶҲǷԶĵ֡
Զ磬ĴŮ˵ɫ
ⳡ˵Ůҷϧ˵ұǷһҪǿһЩӲҪѡңӲͷƤҲӦˣ͵ȢŻؼҰžǡԶҡҡͷʵҿеģСŮǿǸСŮ
ԶܿĸЦ
³һȦβż˿ȥ

ͷ֮лУ󣬷򳵻˱
Ǳߵޣûв֣лѩȫȨֻǴ˻ȡʱ򣬷Ż档
лѩǵĽǳԣлѩսʱ쳣ɬҲǲ㣬´ȨĲó˼ŪʸָӵԱ󣬺ܿʣ潨ԼţеľӪͲҲսϤ
ڵѾмְŮǿ˵ķ緶ˣûѧɬ
Ĵ󲿷ʱ䣬Ϸľϣǹϵгĳɹݲð⡣
Ͼʱ̣Ϳۣ۲챾֮½Ǳߵ
ŵĽУԽԽرϯ֮½ŵٶҲڿţһǰѾﵽޣҲڷԤ֮С
ȵŵ㹻̺佫ʱ䣬֮½ῪʼڶνŸΪķչ֮֮½ٶܵõһͬʱźͱ֮½Ľϵ۴ɽ֮壬Ҳ֮½ڶ㡣
޲ͬߣʹĵرȷܼӿٶȣȻ޵ĸڱ֮½ϡ
ۿΧһбģ
ֻİ׹ڴţ绺ŵˮһǰȣڵİ׹ʵ࣬·ʵʻƵģǱ֮½֡
֮½ѾȺУȲŴ½ͺ󲻶ţȥĵһƬѾ߹ģ
ϧǣδĵرɼĵرǺεȵϡ١
ҲΪ⣬㹻ġ
һա
վڱǰС԰ڣŵ棬ֻһɫĶľԵдУʾǿ
ǰͽľֵС԰ʺɳ첻ˣʮ࣬طľڳɹա
ˡ¶ϲɫеޣҲʱ̣лѩѾڿһƻʱľգһǿļ
СĵڿΧӷľ˲ٸϵȡŴ֣ɲκһ
ķľľõģһϵˣʹЧۿۡ
ľϵϴɾ󣬷صԼķ䡣
ľĹ̺ܼ򵥣ûеĸӺͼѣ˷ֲ˷ľãֻΪ䷨ˡ
һ򣬷˷ľǰһ룬ûֱϣȴ÷ľоա
ȵ¶͸΢ݵľһľϣһα̵Һ塣
׼ͰѷľбһǶȣҺûʵľϣֱӵεһСɵƿС
ʢϢƿдɵϲɫ
ҺǷľľ裬ҲܵΣ󣬷ԱܵģûбߵĻҺͻ͸ľӳǿ
編ƣһϣûкۣȵɫʱƿѾռʮηľ裬ı壬ǽʣһտǣЩˡ
֪ǵڼ򣬷һһҹû˯ľȴûаƣɾʢʣҲǷľļӰ졣
ɹˡ͸ƿ΢΢ζŵŨɫ¶οЦݡ
ʮηľ裬ÿһζطഺʱ⣬ÿһζܸ޴档


30 
õʮηľ󣬷Ҫǣˮ
׼õˮƿУƿ׵ķľ裬˱仯
͸ƿĿЩľȻˮģ⻬Բ󣬿ſűܹʮɫҺΣˮС
һĻɵõ˵ͷ
ľÿһζãȻҪǵļֵ󻯣Ƿָõġ
ȻóȥĻͲܹΰװҲҪʱһյӪʾͿˡ
ͷ飬ȷ¥ʱѾӽˡ
ɳϿӣĽƲëϣӳȤ
ף˰̧ͷɫ΢죬æСȷһŮģ
ôڼңûȥϿΣȵľ̫ˣûע⵽ʲôʱġ
Żãе£ͲȥϿˡͻȻƺʲôĲһֹۻôྶͥ
ҡҡͷ֪ʲôҲҲο
ٹ죬ҽաţͻȻʵ˵һŮ˵Ҫʲô
˵˶ɣǰ飬ǼͥҲ롢ɡ룬˵ȴǸɻ
滹н㣿
֪ҵɵŮͷҲͬҵүӺ͹ˣɽ˼λãȨ꣬ȻûаҴǿĵزȴҲάҲ˥ȥ
ΪҼŮҾĹ
ǣһеڶ
Щɻ󣬸ǲ⣬˵Լ͵ǸȦӣϢ֪ģˣӵܵȦ϶ǹʶĿصԼҲӦ˵
ûҽɣҲѹ֣ҽһˡ̾˿ȴûм˵ȥ
~
ͻȻˡ
䣬ɳûж˹ȥš
⣬һܼģӣ¶޿ޣ͸õĽ̬
С𣿡ţû˿֮ɫֻЩĮ
ҵˣ
жϳҵĹ㸺ңٿ϶ڵģҷͷ֣ΧбڻĺۼһҲͻˡ
ûţ͵֪Ҳ֪֪Ѽ塣
˭̤˹
ġת˻ȥ̬ȣúһ˿졣
塣ˣ
С㣬ûȥˡܼģûΪĮ˿죬޿޵̬˵
ȥȥʲôȥǰѽ㵱ɹߣȥϲһ𣿡ӵĻͻȻ˻𣬴
ӱƣһԸɵģ
ˣ˵ʲôϻģʱйȥͻȥһҪġ
ٹ죬ҽգҪٰһᣬڶſȤĻҲȥɡɺ˵ַԸӣ壬һҵ塣
ǡССҪȻܾϾҲɷȨģֻЩĿ˷һۣͳȥΨһһ
˼͸ӳ˱·ͣŵһӳֿϣʻȥ
Сʱһα졣
С˼ġһģĴվ⣬ţʱ˹
ȻҷȰûǲҪȥμӣֲεᣬܲġҪӣͻȻһźڵ
ǸɨسŵӰˡ
΢ɹһ̽˹֮죬߷Ӧһƻػȴ˸ա
㡭ɫ΢죬һЩѿ
˼Ǳ˵˼ЦһССıڣҲûôɣôˣⳡᣬҷȥˡ
֪ԼСͬסһ£˺˽飬ȴҲĳЩ˲ˣټصΪһ˻֮ĹϵڲǸõӰˡ
ⳡᣬǾ˷ȥɣΪҪһʢ磬źܶλȨصμӣõĻԷе档
Ŀ˷һۣת첽ȥ


31 
٣㽻ҵѾˣСѼӲûȥԶ֮󣬸Ĺ˸绰
ҹӶıڣȻţȥвһͨڱָʹ
绰һͷüͷ
췽ԶЦĿ˵ҼСŮ˵ô룬˲֪ΪԶĵ֣ȴϡ
˵㹤򣬴һҼСŮ֪һȴһ
ҼСŮ֪ô£ͼַȻߣסһСͬӣӲǱˣǿһ۵ķӷ
СôСһȥˣ
ĵĲζ÷Զ֪£˵ȴС׽ԿҪ֪ɲˣû˵Ȧһſһܹϵ
ֹǣ򷽼ҵ̫ȥ
ܵʱ¶˾ģ󻨴ǮұıеһʱעǱߵȻЩӷٳţҲûҵᡣ
һҿᣬΪСֻͳȥһǷ֪ϣԶ֪˵ðɣǿܣܶ֡
μᡣԼ󺺣ˣȥѷˣȵȣҪСﶯ֣ȥʱ򣬷бҪĻԶһЩǳֶΡ
㾡ܷⵥû˻ΪһӳͷεǮȴһ뵽ϣ³֮ٸһ롣ϸ˵ţȷԷ󣬲źݺݹ˵绰ŨŨͶʼɡ
Ρ

תۼ䣬ʱȥˡ
뿪ǰѶʯϣͬʱ˴ɷСڵĶʯɲǰÿɷƵɷųķԽʱһ˼
˵ҴĻ̾ͻޱ߻þ֮Уиֿ־ﶼð˻һ̤־ļһͻȥ
Ҫ֪Щľ󲿷ֶڱ棬ɲϣ˲ڵʱ򣬽Ǹ˳ǣˣûкĻǲģ˵ˣڵı˵ȫġ
ˡԱߵһĴĥĥȭţԱߣˣİ֡
ȥˣЩȻҲ֮룬ҽ˸٣߱š
ƻˣһһȥ棬ŪһЩҪ˿˾ͻСηǱӵ뷨ʣµˣһȥԸ˭ʣ󺺿Χˡ
۸磬СʲôͣҪȥԸһֲ
СеаţºҪ˶һаաĶﶸȻЩӰȻҵһʱȴİٱ
ʱ򣬰ֽŴϣҪͷӲͷ͹Ӻȥһ˿Ѫȡ
ɱ˵ģϾмɱʲôʱ򷽼ҵǮһգⱲӶңڵĻҲøˡ
ߡ󺺴ŷǰĳ⳵ǿһƾڵĸȥ
нռһСɽ˽һׯ԰εᣬׯ԰С
СʱȥһΣԵ·İָ˾Уɽţ֮˾ȴζϿȥ
ҲΪ˳Ǯ󣬾·ɽ
һɽ·ֱͨɽׯ԰ɽ·ţʱʱģͻһԱ߾żͶһۣҺҹҲû˿ģͬģҲûͣһֳ̣÷һ򳵵ͷ
ûһܶʱ򶼲㡣
ûжʽ𣬷ͷʣļʮҪͶУһɺӦþܹˡ
ɽ£һƾɵƵĿ˹
ҹɫУȻͷƳһۣʱĵӰӳɽ·ʼߡ
¶һĨ⡣
ͷٵֻȷ˶ԷͼҲûᣬʱһֱ׷壬ףǾǳԼģ֪Լг̺ĿģŻһ·ģûмڶ֡
ﲻö֣Ǵȥׯ԰дɽ·ҹ㷢Щ£Ҳ̷֣⼸ˣǴԼɡ
ɽ·Բٶţȷ˸󣬷˸ͻȻ뿪ɽ·ת˺ڡ


32 ɱ
۸磬ˣ֣úõɽ·Ȼߣʡһֽšתڣ̱˷ˡ
ΧģȻ޷ȴϵı飬Ҳ²ͼﲻɵøһЩֻ䣬ϻָġ
·ߣƫߣȥɵҧ˵Сܸȥ
ĺɫ壬һͷ˶ɵľޣƾǿҵĲ
˶Щĺ
~
ͻȻĴ̶˶һһǲ
ģǴʲôʱ򲻴ƫʱ󺺵඼һ鴤㳯ȥԼֻģ绰ģڱǱߵĴ
һֵĽ˵绰һ߻˻֣ʾȥ֣زˣ˭ڵġ
۸磬ղ˾Ʒ˴ܣȻ󱣰ףûҽȥӻͲʱѾȥһǱ߻ûŪã뷨ȻǴ绰һ¡
¡һʲôϸҽȥ
ţھˣո˿
绰Ŵһ󺺵ͷҪ˵绰ͻȻ׵ģޱȵĲҽдӻͲﴫ˹
~
ţһϵȻͨжϣֻвͣ
ֻֻоһֱš
绰ˣһм˹󺺺ȻȥǵĿվڲԶ£˵ϣ֪
ôܡţ˿ɲʲôӣԼʰǶҪصĴۣǾôһ򣬾Ȼͱʰˣûзʲô󶯾
뵽绰ĲҽУһëȻĸоʶ䣬͵ͳһǹָŷ
ǹһǹ㡣ǹ֣󺺵ĵҲˣʵڱֶסˣδ֪Ĳֲģָһ׼ǹ
ͫ΢û뵽־Ȼǹɲǵ¶ĳǻᣬǹǹɴˣҴǱڣС࣬кֶ֡
͵þӲƣҲͬʱǹֻһ죬һľӹֱ΢еʹ
ҵ飬͵ǰ壬˲˺ʹ֮ľ룬ǰںҪڶǹǰץסֱ͵һС
顣
ǹ쳹ҹա
һƺݺӡڴţƺһ߹ǶѣѪǹĵȥʧȥ˷
ʯ䣬һΣı󲻾óһϸܺˮ˿˵ĵط·˸ӣƤһǳǳѪۣҺķӦ죬һǹʹԼֱˡ
ʵΣա
ǶԷ˽ԼʵҹﲻĿѶȵĻԼ㲻Σգǹеⲻ˵ġ
ĿĿһۣɱ
͵¶ĳС첻ͬЩֻǳ¶ݰˣɱˣˣȴҪԼɱǺеġ
뿪ȺǹҹԶܿͻᱻҵıڰΧһĸӿɽɽ£ƾɵڣѴȥӽᣬ뿪塣
һֱͨ󺣣ҲǺԶ˰Сʱң͵˽ߡ
˵˭ָʹġһһѣ
˶Щֲ״ϵʹȴѲ٣֪Լˣֱһ飬˵ĿȻȻĿ˴󺺡
΢ɹֽ˴ȥҲû󺺣ֱ˵⣬󺺿ĵط
ͷˮؿ߹Ƕ۵ģҲбŵģһ߲ϴҽͱצƵģǿҵĿ־壬ޱȺڣΪʲôģ﷽ܰ£ûкҩɳԵġ
δ֪еȴԼ˵ζܣڴ󺺵ĸоÿһÿһ붼ޱȵȵǱû˶ʱˡ
ͬ鶼ˣ˵ɣ˭ָʹģԩͷծֻסƽ
һЩֶΣȫй
ܣиɱΪĪе飬ȻֶԸԼ
ң֪Ķ˵ˣӦسŵ˰ɡĵڵһﻹǰ硣
󺺻һ˿ң飬ǰǸѧӦɱڵ
ƭġһŲ˴󺺵ϣ룬ʱ顣
編ƣ˶ɱ󣬷ľʬУˮӿŶʱû


33 
ٴλص壬ѾȥһСʱ
˿ʱ䣬ôһ飬ҪʼˣʱҪ볡鷳ˡ
ҪýȫٸȥʱһѩĹâӺɨ˹ţ
ôȻгӣüϾᣬм˵Ҳٵġ
˲ӣȳӿȥٸ·û뵽ӾȻԱͣ
Ҳȥμҵɣһ̡ҡ£һֺ˳
Ȼؿ͵ģЩ죬Ҳǲ壬ѵĳҲʡһº˽ȥ
ʲô˭֪Ǻ˻ǻˡʻһŮӣкˣʱԹ
ǱⰡϱСЩΣ˴֣˼˵ȴŮӺݺŤһ¡
С·ȻȥԼɱĸˣѪڵþòƽ²Żָ˹Ҳǲͣ
ӿ嶥ʻȥ
ʶһ°ɣҽϣʮ꣬մѧҵûãԼҵĹ˾ϰࡣӺ̸ܽ
Ҷأ˵ôϸŮӰһۡ

һ໰ˣϵ⣬Ҳʱ˵ʱ˵ܿ죬ϾȤתͷȥŮ
ˣ֪οĿΪʲô𣿡һصתͷ漴ͱŮӲŻȥ·ˡ
ʲôĿģȵ֮ǰû˵
˵Ϊ˸ɵĴŮٺ٣һ˲ţ˵ᱻŶԼϱ͹ˣͷǧټƵŪһָȥ׸ֻϣȥʶһЩˣҽķչкô٣ҽӵϢʱ򣬲УͣĴظ·һˮͣºȣµ˴˵һѻǽǰ˵˸ס
Ůʵ
˭֪ĴмŮпܡں˵
˵ͷϵĽȦӣǲ֪֪ⳡĿˣ˵ġ
ʲôˣףڲ𣿡ŮӲıԹ
ȷ֣˵ҴŮĻºԼģŮ֮ǰûŹʱȴͻȻð˳ҰҪһŮǺԼŮ޲ȥһ͸ŹŹ֡
Ƭ̺󣬳ӵɽϰѳӿͣ
ĿɨһȦԶɫۣкâһȻԶˣǷԶĸ࣬϶Ҳׯ԰
֪ǲ֮ǰǹԵʣׯ԰ľǳܣ˺ܿͱ
ʾһīĺ´Į
æóԼ˹ȥԷαȷֻͨһŮȴסˡ
ͬ飬æһȥϸϽ͵
ֻԼȥ´û˿ͨڵ˼
ɵˣü֪и֣֮ҪǾԼһ˽ȥԺŮǰ顣
ʱ򣬷ҲóԼģûпǲ֪ʲôʱϸȥĻʱкܴĲͬϵźͨԼΧŽߣ滹һЩ˿ȥͲͬ졣
Ǻ´ĮҲˡ
Ĺ´󺺱ϹϾ֣ʱһߣ׼췽ȥ
ҿԴ˽ȥ𣿡Ǳ߽ѵϡ
ԣչ涨Դ˽߹
ȥɡ˵ҲǻǿԼɽ顣
һߣʱԷȴͻȻˣһ£֪ǷĽ
ţ˰ŷȥӰ۶ֱˣԭΪԷǺļҲԼԸʹȻ֪Ȼ˹ˡ
ׯ԰ƻͨʱۼ˼ˣɢׯ԰ʱỹûʼȺܷɢ
ãʽʼˡ
ߵĴ£ߵרΪŵĵط
μˣҲǷֵȼģȹףƴһأûôϸˣɻ
Ŀɨܿںλҵ˷ܣͷԶվһ
˵ӵܣʸҵĹûгڹ򣬸һξ룬Ҳûп
ֻصϢ΢΢Цָ˸ʯеɷʱԽʮ׾룬Ͷ뷽ڡ
ֺõЦݣͷԶ˵ŻķͻȻоһ䣬ʱĪĴ˸һӿ


34 ʺ
ôˣЩԾԶĵʵ
ûʲôֻͻȻое䣬ɽԵʡӣû⣬²Լǲ·ˡ
Զ˵ͷûмעĿЩĽĳŹȥ
ˣһλȨصĴ˶Ŷж
βμˣֻһվڹķҵڶϴҲĿǰ֮λߵѡСĲ٣ûʸ
ͻȻԶһڹһԲӦóˡ
СߣôܡԶгƴסˡ
ҵ󣬷͵ӵܵǸȦӣʱȥò仯ܴ󣬼ɱ֮󣬷ʵĸı䣬ɢ޵ţϤ˸ϲ
˷˷ԷҲֻΪԷĳĴ֮࣬ĿϼۣС֡
пϳķˣСɢڸǷԶͷܣڷ볡磬м˸ţûзַ
㿴˷λӦýд󲮵˵Ҳϲ񷽼ϣԷµʮʲȤŨȻֵ˵ȴޱĮûʩԮ֣Ǵûֶһ㡣
ܣ˵ô£СΪʲôڹԶɫ쳣ѿڻãûϳǹһϳ˷ȥ˶֪ɨسŵӣȴö֮ĳҹЩվһǶķ̣
Զǳ
˭ֱܴĻشӦĻҵģΪӦóǲ֪ô£ͻȻоرķ꣬˵ķƣǿҵܼ䷭ţҪ
ô˵ǰδе̬ȣ÷Զ㶣漴ŭҲǵׯ԰ǿаȥû̷ֻɨ˷һۡ
ʱһʮϯ̨ʼ˵ףƴʡ
˵ʲôǰ㶼ûȥĿ⿴¹ڳˣԽԽԡ
ɷ壬ֻɷĻֻһǣҲǼݣƽ£ССĻҸ˴ţȻù֮ڹؼʱ̷룬ͼˡ
ɷһ࣬ɵӰ죬ȴͬɷ壬Ὣе桢뷨ͷųԷŴþ
һ˴ӹ߽һڵķӣ󲿷ʶĶ뵽õĶ֣Ǳʶͻᱻɷ˳¹ֵŴ˲þΪԼĿ˹
סСڵȥʮа˾ŶֵĻþ
ڣеƻͨζ벻֣Ȼܹ͵ˣ뵽ԼƽĵһΪʺ޵ȴɽ㱬ҲԿơ
ƾʲô
Ҷģֻ۾ȣҲûжӢȥ˵Ŀ⣬ȴǾۼϣԼϵʱ
ƾʲô
ͼǧ谮һ壬Ӧ˹ߣԼȴҪȡ
ƾʲô
ɾܻóӵеĳɾͣһ޷ӵеĲƸԼȴҪ࣬Ψв̤ǰ̡

Ҳƴźţ۾̺ˡ
ԶҲûȥǧƪһɵףƴʣΪǰܵĴֱڻܵͷ΢΢ţΪˣЦչͷȥΪһŹ㣬Ȼô˵Ϊ˭ҵϵˣΪŸվΪԼǴˣҲҷԶһ
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ףƴ̱ϣȫˣĳ˹
ţţС֣ƽʱһ磬㻹ΪԼǿˡƿڴţ͵ȥŷԶһȭߣ˿û档
ΧҪȥȴͳͳʹһ٣ڵǷ蹷һ˭˳ۣ˭ĵĶʺޣ޲ý˶˺ƬܽȥǿҵҪըġ
ԶһҴҲǼԣȷܻҪһͷǿ׳ʱ˲ʹ۵ĺͷŤһš
ڵϹȥĳ죬ΧЫһ׷˱ܣõһ类˽һͿ
ϯ̨ϵˣ̵ͬģйķϴ󷽼
˱Ѷıڷֿסĵǿѹŭ˹ȥͳͷһŭ⣺ʲô~
ԶЩѹʱųһ亹ȴͨ۾俴ŷں߽ʱͻȻ䣬һĭ˹ȥ
ȥģϹ
˭Ҳû뵽˾٣ĭƫе˷ţһ̣ȫʧ


35 ӳȥ
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Уסˣľĵλб֮ŭڹͷҲ˶ٵˣȴ溬΢ЦſһϷݡ
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żãſڣͳǻȥ
˻֣ѷܺͷԶѺ˳ȥ
֪ﲻǷĺóҵĵֻ̣ıͣҳ״Ƿӵܣ̶û˲֣Թϣڷڲɻ϶˳ƵȻׯ԰мλԼһԣͱ˿Ц
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ʮˣŲҺͰ⣬Ҳκһˣ֪ʹһҪΪЩʲô˲ᣬǰδе档
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۾ģӦһŮȻʵȴǲпġ
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ͷҪҪɳԼȥбһֵӰɱ˳Ծ뷽۽硣
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Ҳҵλɣ̫ˣ˵ǰ˰ѵҷų̸˽ص㡣
ǲ֪ûбݵģҲûʲô̫ԾǸ̾ǲ˼вӵܣ֪ģǵĳʵ̫һＤţҲ֪ۡ
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41 ʼж
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һ㣬йĵɱʱƽȥû˼ǳȥ˵ֻ鷳ڼȻˣҲʡһֽš
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ͻ˷ǣȻͽԺȥ
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ȻеĹģܶಿŶǿõģȻĿȴǴ˳ԺֻҪˡ
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¸µĻǲ̫˵㣬ƷûУĻҲҪʱ䡣лѩü˵Լɻ
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ⶫĻ᲻޷ŷһƷľԥ˵
һУĶǹŶֻ֮ģ˷ģ޲ר϶αģˮȴûⷽı֤ʱҲûŷʸ
ĹǺܺãɣǴһȥԸߣʱʹ÷ˮ룬ģŷ£˵
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ҪߵǾƷ·ߣھƷ̫ˣֻһĻ̫˵㣬ֻҪƷϸֿͲ»Ӱ쵽Ʒ·ߡ
һһģȺ󿪿ڣƻ𽥲ܿ죬һļƻͰ˷ǰ
ˡ˫ְ˻ϣ΢΢ǰ㣬Ŀ⻺ˣΪеһĳɹʼжɡ


42 ¾㱸
һ˵ϢԷ˼ٶȿٴš
ҵ磬Ѿȥ˺ü죬Ȼ漣ĳȴвμӵ˽ֵ˭Ҳô£Ҳûнͣ˵θڶ
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ʱϢųȥˣҲֵܷһߵѹ
뵽һ绰˹Ըţ
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43 ǰϦ
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˵ô࣬Ϊ˷ˮ𣿡Цԥ˺ǲ߲бµĻ㶯ԼȨˣαôҷ£ҪǷҵƣĲҵһֶҪģˣˡ
˵꣬ԥĹ˵绰ֱӹ˻
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һгҾƸҪгϲ㣬ȴǾ޿ܣû˻ţóˮĶ
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44 
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˵ǻ᲻ɹлѩסԼؿڣ˵ⳡᣬԣҲǷ
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˵ͷлûʸЩ﷢ģ㷢ȥҲǱͰ³һη趨ǣ˾ܽ
Ȼʵڲ󣬾ĳޣȥ300˾ʹﵽˡ
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300ڰСʱ꣬ʱ᳡Ѿݲ¸ˡ
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ҾЦηŴζûƤˣⷽĲݰҲ֪ǱĻš
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üͷ΢壬ЩǷ˵ģȷָ㣬Ҫݰ̽һ£ܻܲͺԼĹϵ
⣬˵ûԼĹأʱԼˡ˵˵ȥ
ҪֵӣͷԸӳȥ
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ׯɼͿ治˳ˣֻǰڶԷݲ֣зȻͲһˣſ֣ѷǺǸŮץСץסԷ˿ûдۿ۵ģ˳ȥ
ž~ƤӲ·ϣһƤ㻹ûң֪úǰǱĴӵû£Ůɻˡ
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45 
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ĳɳʦ̨ܼû¶ӣѾܲˡ
ķˮܽ֡
ҡҡͷˮƷĳļ۸񣬶Ҳʦйء
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̨չֳһƷһʵĳа˶ߣ⻬
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ʦʼӺ󣬱3000Ԫļ۸ߡ
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ڱǼƣûã͸е̲סȥĵطָһȥŷԭӦ˺۵ĵطȻƽһЩ
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ò˶ãϵ˺ȫʧһɶӣҲ࣬ȥֻʮ˾ģ
ϲ㡣лѩĵףţһ߽׼õľӷŵǰԼ̲ס˼ᡣ
Ѽֵ̨»ص̨ϵлѩ϶Źʡеĳ
ˮʽʼ
⻰һ᳡ڶ฻ʱˡ


46 ۷һ
Դʱ᳡ĸ˵ûʲôĿõ漣Ǽˡ
ϡֱϵ˺ۿ٣Ƕʱڻظഺʮʮ˾꣬ȴŪġ
һ̣ûȥɷˮЧ
30ƿˮÿһƿӵ˷ഺЧÿƿΪһ飬ֻܹλᣬܴ𣿡лѩֳ𱬵ٽ˰͡
30ƿˮ̫࣬ÿһƿʱ䷱˵˲滹Сһƿƴ۵и˷ÿƿΪһ飬
30λΪڵ5Σֳո
ڿʼһ鷵ˮ׼ʮÿһμӼ۲һ򡣡ŵһ鷵ˮŵ̨ϣڵƹҫĶĹʣлѩҲʼ˵һ鷵ˮ
һ򡣡
һڻ᳡мλõӾӣֱӰѼ۸ʮͬʱҲĸ߳
û˻ᱻһס
򡣡
򡣡
򡣡

۸ŵţܿǵлѩЩڵļ۸ѾԤڡ
һǧ򡣡
һλֱһǧĸλ˳ȥֺ۵ɡ
᳡ݵλߵˣٺʡȻҲвĴȴûһڣû˸ټӼˣһǧļ۸ҲȷǸߡ
һǧһΣһǧڶΡһǧΡлѩɫͨ죬ֻ඼ھţκ󣬾͹еС
ɽ
һ鷵ˮһǧĸ߼۱֡
õƿˮ΢΢һЦɲΪ˸ˮҲĿ꣬˵òǻָˣˮ涫ԼûǳȥˣǺܺõѡһǧȫ
ʧʧ鷵ˮ𣿡ƽ¼飬лѩ˵黹ڣڶ鷵ˮʼ
߰򡣡
һθһʼͱ߰ĸ߼ۡ
Ű򡣡
һǧ򡣡

۸ܿ쵽һǧȻһΣȴû˾ߣ۸ţֻǷȿʼС
գһǧһʮļ۸ɽڶ鷵ˮһмŵ֣õˮ̵ݸߵŮһƿŮ˻ż·ˮûãЧչֳָ˶ഺȥ˻ױƷҲˮ۵ˮһ㡣
ڻ᳡һĻڶ฻񾭡
鷵ˮ͵鷵ˮֱһǧһǧİļ۸ɽ
лѩͨ죬ͷǺˮǱֳļһ̼ģǼ£鷵ˮеƣ㱡
ɡ̨ӹлѩСӣǿš
һ鷵ˮ֣سŵԺ󲻻ˮ⣬Ҳ÷ˮĻᡣƽȫҪ˵һ⼸֣˷ˡ
һΣǵģľ
ϡΪԺзˮҲߵļ۸񣬾ҵʣķľྫ裬ҲδؾһҪ;ʵַˮֵĵطкܶࡣ
ͬķˮһƿȥǰûκȻȴǶһ⻷
Ʒ
ΨоƷܼ顣
ֻһˡ
ǰ˵ˮ𣿻شǱȻġ
עǾƷķˮ˭ܰס˭ܲļ
᳡˲𱬵˼㣬ڻĴ̼£Ů˵Ĵߴ£ڶ฻û˿˼ԥ
һǧ򡣡
һ۸񣬾ͳǰ飬ȼֳļȿȡ
ǧ򡣡
ǧ򡣡

޼۵ģͬʱм۵ģˮЧ֮ȻҲ̫ˣ˲ŵĸо˵ЧĿã˭ܱ֤ഺܷԶȥҪʱ֤ģ㷽ҲΪҲǰ۸û̫ԭ
Ȼһλᣬ˾Զʧȥ
һǧ𣬲һЦֵֵ
ֳĸжش⡣
ǧ򣡡
ǧ򣡡

ǵǧ󣬼۸ǷСҲڶ฻ˣϣǻع飬ֻῼֵֵõ⡣
գһ鷵ˮǧٰ߰ʮľ˼۸ɽ
ŷСɽʱֳ̣ҵþò
лѩˣȫվ̨ϣҵ30ƿˮĳ˾˵ۣΪ˶Ժ
Ƿе۷һ̣ǣΨһ۷塣


47 ɹ
еһɹ
ˮ֮󣬲μڶ฻ʼ˳лѩſͿͣЩ뿪ʱ޲ǹϲء
һڶĳɽۣһˣȦͷȻ޷ǼҴȣȴѾд󲿷СУ˵һս
ǻ֪ˮǷģõЩˮûиκδۣ˸Ǿ׬һڶࡣ
һᣬɾһ̣Լʲڣ»˵۾Ǯʵ̫ˡ
ϲϲģЦ˹ףء
ϲˡִٵǷǷϻмĳ죬᳡ҲȾȥһ鷵ˮʱҲǼķͨ졣
οĿŴŮʮľӣⲻϣģߣμ᳡ϣһܶջָŴãڿеЧġ
ϧˣҵУռ۸񻹻ᷭɿŷָ
ڵĳɽۣѾˡ
֪˵ûҲһأƷЧӦء
úŬɣˡ΢ЦķļɴŮ뿪ˣһܰ﷽æδĵ·ҪԼȥ
˵ģ۸ܷһߣлѩ׷ʵͷʱզ಻ѡ
һѾһˣƽ붼ģ֪ȻǼޡ
ˮӦǼˣνеķչҪЦЦ
ʵҲûȷƵˮֵһ걸÷㹻ʱ䣬иƴֵĸǰμӣˮñʶˮĳۣڵĻϣϼʮǲܡ
ϧжԣЩ߱
ⳡᣬڣҲȫ޵ģȻȲʱϳˣ֪˸ˣḴ
˵һԶǿƵ￴˷ˮԼȨ÷ˮôǽػǲ
ɵȷǿƣҸٺʡĵͷߣǷŵȫΧڣҾ㲻һˣǸǿҺ漯ŻкܶࡣҪķչռʱ䡣
ȻˮΪҲǮȥм֤׬硣
ǮȻҪڷеķչҪҪжһҵĸ
ˮ͵Ϊĵر·ɡҡҡͷϾֻ͵ȵĵر㲻϶ۣصģǷˮԺ𵽵á
ĵرڷ￴ǿķ룬Ȼͨȴǳʵģ֮ǰ˭ˮЧ
ʵΪ޷⣬ĳ̶ֳϣҲ໳ɲΣϾǻᵣûк֢ʲôġ
30ƿˮȥʱţЩʹ˷ˮûκ쳣ഺòͻԽԽŲЩʵĵرҶľƷηģ·
ԺĵرǾͻٵܶǣҲĳߵļ۸
ԶԷУԶڱףƽһʱʧ
ңﻹ4ƿˮҲʱţϵֵ
ˣˣɹǳȥףһٰɡлѩ
ţȥƵ꣬Աзݡ׬һڶ࣬ȻģҲû©˲æϣһȺ˶ʱɱ򽭶Ƶꡣ
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ԭûⷽȻȴǽ۽磬ǲѿ÷ȥ⣬ȴ˳ɽԷҵ̬չ¶š
壬Ӷӭ˳ȥƺݷˣûȥ
硣
Ƭ̺鷿ű죬ϵͳ
üܵĹϵã˻ǾߵĹϵȻ룬
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ǷϵĶӷԶϴ綪ˣҲзԶһݹڣ󣬷Ҳǳ巽ԶƢ϶˼
󣬷Զҳϴη赭дͰڼڵʲȫᣬϰ˻Ƶصԣɱܡ
ǺʹСӵ¡˵̬̫ˣȫ˺úýѵһ£δ棿
ʵԽǿչԽãϾԽֵɨسŵһ֪ŹԼģõİ취ǽҵɱѿС
Ǹôѹһˡⷬӭ˷ͼձɴľܾомŭ
ȴ̳ϣѹһ¡룬˵ţҲһֱͦģǺʱȴôȣǸĻƶˣҲ÷мΪɵȴѹһҲܿ˵ķӦ
ҴúԶȥִУһĻᡣ˵
УǷµĴУȦĵλһ
üͷ۷Զߵеģҷ˵飬Ҳȫ֮
ðɡ۷ԶҪʧ
һСߵĵղɣְֺʹ󲮳ĻᣬԶô˵


48 
ӽƵϯϱ˲پƣԷʣҲеģֻǱ˺̫ˡ
лѩŮĻãĪϡǱ˲پƣһſˣԱ߾Ƶǿ˼䣬ĴһӺ󣬾ͻˡ
ϴˢһ󣬷ˬɵ˴ͷ
һںܶ࣬Ծ˵Ҳ׬Է˵ҲһʲСĲƸȻԷҪԣǮԶԶ
ظĸĲҵûôףΪԼӣҶ³ʳó˵Ҳһ̯ӣⲻǷϣġ
ҪĲҵ֮С
һҪٶǿԼСսȭͷ
ſۣżԶȥ
ֻؼһƬ׹⣬ʱޱȣչڴϡ
ˣò˶ãͻˡϸ쿴ű֮½ɵһڵģǵ˼ͻƵıԵ
ʱĶȺѾ֮½ϯ֮½ȶĳŴ½ͺţٹãŵ½Ȼûзĵرţֻʱˡ
Եȴ֮½ţǱߣҪúù滮ˣҪڵķչͷ

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һڶ࣬תǧеϰɡԥ˵ڵȫģʽע벻Ҫʹˡ
⡭ѵһȫǾ룿лѩ۾ſھǧ˵Ǳʽȫġ
һֻǳɽۣΪ˵õЩˮи˶Ĵۣ˵Ҫˮӵ߶ǮЩܣˮǷģлѩǶ֪飬ȻҲ֪ĴۣȥЩɱеĴҲΪлѩûжǱǮ˼
ȻȻΪءЦЦˮĳɱ͸ˣķˮҸ˵˽ɽ۶٣ҲǶ١
Ү~⻰лѩ̲סȭݺݻӶ£鿺ܵ˼㣬ôǮͿԴչȭˡ
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벻ȻǸ̡Σ³ĸп÷ҡҡͷ
̣Ǹʼˡ
һ˽ȥ˸ַ⳵ϳĿĵʻȥ
ǡݳϳУлѩеĵַҲϤζºƥˡ
ݳϳУĳУŴߵڳ
Ҫ򳵣
ţݵλҲҪ伸Ȼǳȥͻ̸ʱ򣬶ǳ⳵ʲôӣҲ㡣˵ͷ
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Ҫ׳󣬻ʩҪڷûлһƽضΣǳȴҪƥˡ
ݳϳ˳
λҪ𣿡һȥһòĵСӭ
˵лѩǳ˳⳵ģ˵ȶǲ˵ˣлѩҲһʣСҿǡ
ȥһ˵Ļ˳⡣
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һʮǵ͵ۼߵҲʮǵС²ǵĹѡ
ȥߵһЩĳӡתһᣬʱü
õģõġ˿;ϵۣȻɣС㻹˵˸ߵר
~ĿܵĳɨͻȻ۾һһɫ񳵡
ǰˣһŮһŮǵС㣬ڼһһŮ񳵵Խܡ
Ǹӵһƣһ֪ǮˣԱߵŮӴҲ˵ûȫƣȴҲǴĲף˵ĹϵƺǺܣʱŮѾЩͷֻûбֳ
񳵣GMCͳ񳵣ͬ೵зǳͻͣݳϳеҲõһ۸еҪ200WԵЩԥ
񳵣ˡԱ߿һᣬȷ϶Էһǻʱ˹ȥ


49 ɵ
˶һ㶣û뵽ɱҧ
ʲô˼ӲˬˣбŷûҪ⳵󵽵Ĺز
Ŷʼ磬û˵תͷߡ
˵ģ᲻û200ֲŮǰƤʹӹҲܳų̂Ȼ飬ˡ
ȥĳһȻ򡣡лѩ˵
㲻±ߣлѩǱһۣǴҸ䳵ӦģҲûȰ˼˵ʵҲۣЩ᲻á
İɡЦлѩ뿪
Ҳûϵߵôɴ࣬סˡ
УûǮװʲôͷ⡣Ӳм
ûע⵽Ůȴǳײͷˣ㵽򰡣Ҿˡ
˵꣬Ҳȥӣ뿪
СȵȣȵȰӼæ׷˳ȥһ⳵ͣ˳ſڣŮȥž˽ȥŷԸ˾뿪
ŮﳤȥӴԷ绰ȴʾػḻľףⳡ׷˳ûϷˡ
СӡӺ޵ֱҧһаͳŷȥˣ˿ԷΧͼ
׷Ůӻ˲ٱǮδУǴһ͸ԷʾԼۺĲƸԷ
ŮŮиҵһС˾ϰ壬ƽ̸һɣɣƽ˲ٶԷıԹŮǱҲԷԹ̫ȥͻʱ򾭳ƲһȥƵ㶼档
ΪֺŮӣѳ⣬һ񳵣֤ŮӵķģȻݳϳУһ۾Ϳ񳵣ɵӶ֪˼һȴֵԥˡ
200򰡣ԣǺʹĵģǮٶ࣬Ҳס
һԥͱˡ
ðҲҪ㳢Ů˦ζܳڶҧгݣǺлѩһģΪһҲΪֺŮ򳵡
صݳϳУӺܿҵ˷ǣһרƺѡһ
µA8ʺСлѩܡ
ǮֱʵЩҲİҪԷƪۡ
С㶣漴ϷӦ100W
ãҪˡ˵ͷ
ôɴ࣬õСסˣžǴϲȥҲвɵġ
ȷɣҿԤ¶𣬵ȫѡúһǮ
СæӦ
㵽״лѩģƺֹӡ
ȻԼһ˵Դд㡣
뿪Ӷʱ˹һµϳļλʱмЦҲ㱾£װʲôǮˣҵȻô㡣ýԶûǵĻֻΪµϳҲ𣬶ʱд󶨡
Ѿô÷лѩİ취ˣǾԱ֮ʩڷһʱƾɱȥ
뵽ʮ㣬˦ҲһɨգȻ־Ҫ˵ʹϰ
˵һרŷվһǰжʱϲлˣҲûע⵼Сϵ𾪡
Ҫˡٶɱ˹ȥһ˦ͷ쳣˵󣬾ͿŷϣϿʧŭѿ
Ȼȴʮƽ
ҪСһˣû뵽ԼȻôãһһǧЩ
ǵȻ𣬸˵ˣѵУӵ
ȻҪ͸ɡҡҡͷкһлѩһȥ
û뵽еǮ˻ࡣлѩư죬̾
ʲô˼ҸоͻȻֲĸо
лݹˣ۸1000뵽̨֧СЦ绨
ʲôæתȥһʱɵˡ
ʲôе͵ݳϳҲһγǰʱ򣬿γ͸пⱲҲֵˡ
һССĲûӰ쵽лѩ¡
ݳϳеĳӣ⣬ˣµ⣬200񳵺1000ĺγҲһԸ壬ǽȫ졣
ôĽף̾˳оԷæ˳úд˷лѩͳŵʱ򣬸һŰ׽ԱҲݳϳߵȼĻԱˣԺﹺһۿۡ
ˣȻûȥлѩҲῪȫ÷ģݳϳȻ˾ѳȥλ


50 ͬס
Улѩʹú󣬷Լסı
棬ͣһ󳵣˴ᶫ
ˣҲû̫ԾͬסģҲԿףߵʱ˵Ҫġ
ֻòָҲź͸ĸˣôסˣҡҡͷɶŮĳ谮û˵
һµĸߴӣЦǸĸׯɡ
Ǿסһʱɢɢģ³Ҳͬˣ֮ׯɽ͵ЩǸ⡣
νҲġû⣬ټıһסģÿɰǲġ
ȵȣǣüͷ΢壬ׯɻ˵ĲǣҪʱׯѾ߿ˡ
ʱׯҲѾŪˣûжͣӾͿˣһֱģˣס˸סլȻбˡ
ţѳͣĳ󣬾˽ȥ
ɳϣŵӣ˻С֣һˡ
û뵽ɣǲǱһ˸һ⡣
ЦЦȷģ棬Ҳûʱȴ˸ͻȻϮ
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һ죬һ¥߳һӰ˼˿ͻȻһ̧ۣͿ˷ʱһ
ŵָ֪ķţһƬ糺졣
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ʱֻ˿ʾüЦЦ󣬾ߵһ߽˵绰
˰ɡɳȵӻͲﴫ
³кηԸЦȴ֪Է绰ͼ
һ°㣬Ӧü˰ɡɻ˵ҿ˺ܾãҲףͬѴ򽻵Ӱ߳
ڼʮ꣬⣬ûһѣİҲǷǳܵģҿĳκܸм㣬Ҳ㣬סƽпյĻͶ˵˵ɡɳ̾һ
ͷߺһÿһ˱ȻʱȻڿŵӣԵĲɡ
³ģСҿ϶쵽ЦЦӦûͨ绰ܰﵽĵطҲԸģϾϧ
˿͹˵绰ûж˵ʲôûо淽зǷ֮ķϻ
Ҫ˵ȷǳĺûᣬ׾ޱ̵ӡ
ûо棬ŷôǵ⣬Ҳ˳ȻĿУڡ
ı֣ȷ̾ޣδͷһڣδؾͲ˳ȻĴˣȥôɵǿƣҲԼǿвɢǣĿǰ˵ֻҪ߳ԱյӾ͹ˡ
һУδĳɾ͡
ûпߣɫȴʼ΢΢΢̾ȷѰƽŮȻȴûжŮ֮飬˶Ůģϧ
ˣ룬ԭ¡ƺҲӵʲô绰߹ҵ绰վǷǷӣ˵
ûǴĻӦñɡĳƺ̫ˣʹҿ
ߡ޹ǹǣһʾ
硣һӺˣСͬ򸣬Ƿ
㶣ԭͬһ㣬ֱӽ֣ȻԸԼ磬Ҳþܾһطյ
ǺãԺɡ˴˵Ĺϵڰﵽ
Դȥ᲻ŵһ
һɳϣŮ˻ӣ¥ȥˡ
ӹúܿ죬תۼ䣬ʱȥˡ
͵øУûȥе飬ÿ۲쿴֮½жͻƵӣÿʱÿ̶غͺ󱻱֮½ϯˮƽϵģֱϵҲһֱڳֻǺˮƽȫͬնĿǰҲֻʮ׾͵˼ޡ
˹۲챾֮½Ҳ˵˵̶̼ʱʱЧҲ١
һա
鷳ˡĪϵĵ绰˽һϢ


51 ҵĴѹ
ʲô鷳ͷ
ǱѹˡĪǸӣſھ˵һѻ漱ˣ˵Щġ
ҹȥûжٱ仯˵绰󣬾ʹԼ˳
硣ڳ׼緹¥ɫʱ΢죺磬ͻû׼á
ڼľʮ꣬Ȼϴ棬ˣ˵Ҳбʱ䣬оվһ֣ɣճķɫζȫЩʦԴסͷ˿ڸǰԣԼŪ㡣
ͬӵ÷һ־ΥļҵܰӵŮҲ淢ϧ
Ҫȥһ£Ƿ緹Ͳ׼ˡ˵
Ҫ˵⼸ĽǾ䷽ȻĽгˣٿĿİ
šӦһĿͷź󣬲Żص
ϵУ¥лѩȻڡ
ѩأʵлѩѾٺѧҵˣǰãлѩҲʽְܾ
ȥһͻĪҲڰ칫
˵ɣô¡˵
ղĪ˵ĵĵģе·ϣĪϵǽһ飬ʱߵİԭԭ˵˳
֮бѹˡ
ͬҵڲĶԾ˷ҪУ˭ҵίǺԡ
Ҫ֪еĶλһ˵ֻһίƽ̨ڴ󲿷˵ίƷȻȡӶ֮Ʒģ֮١
˵룬ǽһӰԶԶԺеĴᲢۣԸ˱Ͳ࣬ⱻһŻſȸҵĲˡ
ԭлѩҲ֪ô£෽֪ɡ
̫ĪζըˣԱ͹ֱ޵ľСֶΡ
ѹ𣿡΢΢Цû⣬ʵ֪˭֣
ˣеܾǸ쵰ˣһеȶûСĪϺݺһȭ˰칫ϡ
С⻰һ˵ʱ׹Ȼ֪˭ҵĲҵ
ܾʲôʵ
һշзԶĪշ治Ǹ
Īûпȥ̽˵ҲûʶԷǳŷġ
ˡ˵ͷԼѾ˷Ǹе񾭣ǳġ
һĴУٺʡĵͷߣԶȻųľǷҵ˼Ȧж˸Ҳӡ
ңг˵һε⣬ҲûõóֵӲʵϷԶвȻҵ
ϧԶ벻һжûʲôáЦԼӪһУʱҪѹһ겻񣬲ҵճˣȻԼȴϵжȻͬ
ͨеľӪ֮ûб
ȻгѹǾûж˸ίˣѩȥǸͻҲʲôɹɡͷԼɵĹϵ˵ѾһþˣҪԼˣҲ뿴Լͣ׳ֵġ
ۺʽ𣬾һûҲ岻ˣȻҳˣԷԸ񣬾Ͳᱻ
ˣȥѩɡĪҪ绰룬˵һ·ȥҲһԼ˼·
лѩͿͻԼĵطڽƵꡣ
Ī˵ǸνĴͻ˵һͨˣֻҪԷԸǣ϶ί
ڽƵͣ򲻾õ񳵡
ֱӸлѩ˸绰ӵ绰Ĳлѩˣ֣һʮְҵŮԣ÷
ܣ÷͸֣Ǻٹоġ
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ʮһ¥
˵绰߽˽Ƶ꣬ĴˣƵľϴθ˻Աȥʱûܵ
˵ݵʮһ¥ҵлѩڵİᣬҪŽȥʹһŵ
лѩҸ㣬ҶйϵҪǲǼʹ죬ұ֤ԺнӲһίôΪǸܰﵽ㣬ˡ
üͷʱšͻȻţ˰ϡ
~
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52 
ǣܸ˵𣿡Ŷ룬һӺ޺޵
棬߸ˣлѩ÷һߣļͻһߣһţŲϣָָлѩģǷǣղǷŵĻųġ
лѩö˶˵ģûʲôĳ棬ϾǽƵ꣬ȻݰԲУҲҵԷҵĹϵýƵչһûκѶȣҲͺлѩ˵ˣҪҪͻĻƵ꣬¶Էġ
߳״֤ò˼ӣƵıͻŶ롣
˵ûܵʲô裬ⷬĻҲǼлѩüɲŮǷŽͻᷢ÷ȻǴδֳ棬һסˡ
ĿڰһɨǣͲµô¡
лѩһϲôˡ
ǲԽ˼ϴα˳ȥ״һͨӵܵȦҲϴˣʮַ޺ޣʱŷҴѹеͷʹԼ
ҹһȥҶ֡һŰѷ߳˰ᣬֻӲĲݰûκζֵȻΪ֮ǰ˵ĻҲûйһ˲
ǲҽһ³˼ѪӲӣǿӵҲҷºݻǱˣͷҲһء
Ϊ׽͸ɶԷ֧ȣҶЩ˼ɣεжֻܽҵϴѹһУֶζûʹҲ˵һŻǰװˡ
ǸͻߵʣǰˣǺͷǲģģͷ棬ƮǷǵĺѣʱںİѷһߵѪŵðСȲͣĲš
һˣȻλϣһصӣ𵶵ţмֳȣȻлѩģ
¬ۡԷվȻԼĻû˵꣬ͱˡ
Ǽû¬ۣһۡ
ɴ⣬æıͷܳ˰ᡣ
¬ϵЦݽҲе֪ʿʲôʱԴ
ʡĳٵݣ˵йϵֶͨ죬ǣߵĻܶί䵽лѩ˹͡
̫ˣԶȻųЩ֪СɢпίдԴĴͻǾԲðŵ﷽ҵΣյģ֮ⲻ㣬ġҡҡͷһ۾Ϳµࡣ
ǳ˵һˣ¬ϷǣǷǱŹģ˵һǸûг⡣
Ҵˡлѩյĵͷ󲻾ãҲǿˣ㷽Ҳǻ˦뿪
ңȫᣬѩʼҪסеܾע˻ΪһȺˣЬ䣬ʲôҲ𣿡飬һ¬һף뷢Ƿ׺ȴ¡
ҵӶߴһʡٵݣԷʲô˼ɣúǰ
лѩ÷öˣû뵽ȻôģǴģ˵ӣ
¬ڣ˶ʶΪĹ;Ϊ˱
֪лѩ˵ģûʲôֻлѩףʲô߰˶Ҫȥģ¡
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¬۵ɫѿָּűľйǷ̫ǿˣ߶СƵȴûб˵һУеըë
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ϣܿЦò˶ã¬۾ͻ᳢
ˡлѩ˵ͷ˺ƭ裬ҲǱһ
¬һû֨ҲûзŹҪ֪첻ԼڽƵ棬ʱĻлѩҪԵ
¬۴Ӱ˳ȥĹ֣¬һ򣬹˰棬澡ʧ
صУټ˼һʱ顣
ĿǰشҶ˽⡣˫֧ڻϣĿ⻷ˡ
лѩǶ˵ͷݣ˵ʽԣɽվԵ̫ˡ
˵ͷ
˵һµڶᡭ


53 ݼʽ
ڶᣬ᲻̫ˣڶûյίСлѩһ㶣ҲһãȻʱʲôڶᰡ
ڶʣ͵һһûлشлѩ⣬Ȼ仰һ˵лѩɫʱˡ
͵һһ˼ǣзˮĶ𣿡лѩǰĿϾͻӭж⡣
ˣͷһ̣ʱѹֵ˷ܺ
ʲôʱᣬѾȲЩ˺ڵˡĪϻȭͷ˷ܵ
һӰأдĬĬһ룬ег֮Իǰôױѹ޷Ǿûгһķ⡣
ˮĶûٴóʧȥ˷ˮûǿ̨ûϵҲһҫһʱǰˡ
ܾеڶᣬóȷˮƷ֤˶е̻дȵӡ
Ǹʱڿ϶ǽȻͬˣǶģͻԸμеᣬôƷҲ߼ۣʱ򣬾Ͳѹܴѹˡ
лѩĿ΢ڷڽƵ˵ĻͻȻһЩġ
ȷˮƷҽΪϡƷЩϡƷ٣ҲңвƵľٰƵᣬҲû˵һ£ԺеĵǰĲ豭һڣ˵
ӽзֳ֣ͬģԺҲֱ֣ͨ;Ʒ
νľƷһƷǷˮһϡƷΪ˺գԽһЩίҪע⣬ѡίеʱ򣬲ȷˮĻͲίз֣֮סЩίΪ˳ϡƷģǲܸд󡣡˵
лѩǶǵ˵ͷͼܺ⣬ɲܱһʺˡ
˵ͨͺûίʲôʱᣬʱǶ٣Ҷ档
һץƷᡣ
ҪеľƷģ˲ϧеҵָͨôںǾƷĿڱȴһҪģҲܵͨǣϵԺĵرֵܷȫֵĹؼ
ԺĵرˣЩͨƷ޳þƷɳ׵ľƷ
ѩеܾҪ־Ʒ񡣡лѩ˵лѩʼεġ
ͨûָѡĪϡɻԭǼһ滹вСĲ࣬ĿǰΪֹģʽҲŵģüָѡ
ƷĻôţþٰһΣлѩܿ״̬˸⡣
ղŷ˵ˣͨ᲻޶ʲôʱٰ죬Ʒû˵
˵û޶ʱлѩ룬üͷ΢΢ˮϡƷ϶ܺҪռҲף粻涨ʱΪá
ҡҡͷľᣬٻһڿеĸоΨй̶йɿѭᣬŻڶ฻еĲ
ƷᣬҴȡݼʽķʽٰᡣ˵
ݼʽʲôһ
˵ÿ֮ļɱͬģϡƷҲǰͬһһߺ裬һ߽Լ뷨˵˳ǵĵһƷΪϡƷֻзˮĿΪһôĵڶƷᣬϡƷĿͻǶĿΪģԴ˱
ȻΪ˻ѰϡƷѹ֮ļҲɱӳڶᶨº󣬵ʮº󡣡
ǰûʲô⣬ĻƷļǲ̫ˡлѩĬ£Щͷۣĳ2󣬵峡4꣬ʵ̫ˡ
δ飬˭˵ĶأǿҪĻҲ޸򡣡Цʱ԰ƻȥʵУʵʱҲԹȥ
£ǷԼ׼ʱ䣬ͷ˵ĵرʯʺʱǻûе
Ȼڶº󣬲ˣǵվΪʱһЩø֪ڶҪȵһθɹ˵վĿģǰչƷ
ǰɡлѩȭһɨǰƣʮ㡣
ǵĶܿ죬վϣҳ͹ŴͼƬͼƬǴֺĺڿ򣬵ɫһƬհףһʺţԵصġ
ͼƬһʱһЩ˵ע⡣


54 ʲô
һҼŹ˾ϯִй٣ΪŮԣ̳ϴƴͲףְλǲ֪˶ټŬͣٻʱȴȻ֣ϣഺʱԼȥ̫á
Ů˰ԣȻҲ⣬Ҹ󣬾ͻи׷⼸˼ʮҩƷֶΡҽƷҲԹ࣬ȴûжЧÿվӶпԼ۽ֶ˼˿ƣƤҲɳһЩ
³ĺòúĻױƷΣŸǸоɷҲûǰˣĵΪʧ䡣
ǮˣеǮȥҵഺŲĻȻҲˣʱǲᵹġ
ˮĳ֣һȼϣҲμǳᣬݵ漣һĻȻǸ߰ļ۸ȴȴ
һǧҧҧóǴȴҵ侲ĵҲɣĶ᲻ǼٵģһǧͶȥ󱻿ˣְ֮
Ȼʱţȴǿʼˣÿһ죬Ļں޾Խһ֡
ϹʮƿˮǲǶõˣŲö֪ʶһѣһ󸻺ˣǸ󸻺һ鷵ˮˣŵѺ˵ĵõһƿˮ
λѼ棬ŷ֣Էǵûκ쳣֣ԽԽƵģǰͿĨĻױƷҲȥˣͬˮܽأ˵վһĸŮഺǲҪκεİ
˵λ󸻺ԵߵѾȢΪ޵ͷ
Ҫҿ¾ģǸöáӣ̲ס̾ϢÿκλѼ棬ԷģǿҵĴ̼ѾʶԶ˶Է
Ҫ֪ںзˮļ۸ѾǵǧһƿѾ߼۸߳һȻЩзˮȴûʹõó˭֪ʱ䲻ƣֻҪЩ˷ˮʼʣˮļ۸ͻǡ
ǧ򣬾Բյ㡣
Ϣʱ֣ŸԼһȣ򿪵ԣվ
ǳžһϰߣǾȥվһΪģǿˮͼƬϣο塣
ףʲôӳеģһϢŴͼƬʺŸأ롣
վͱˣǰĶʯͼƬɾˣȡ֮ģƷ֮ǰǷˮ
һƷҳûκνܣʶð뷨
㿪һҳֻһŷˮͼƬ·м򵥵ֽܡ
ѵ˵һȷˮĶҳһǿҵİʾԱȣʱ
ŲΨһվ䶯ˣһעеˣмڷվı仯Ϣܿ촫˳ȥţվĵʼӣԽԽ˿һ仯
ûκֽܣûͼƬչʾʺţټϺһĶԱȣǺǿҵİʾˡ
һʱ䣬ĿϣȻһΣȴǳı˳Ĭֻվĵ죬ͼƬ·һС֣ºлٰڶᡣϢͬһףʱз
˱йȻǴٵ绰ȥشͳһ֣ܡ
Ȼûгϣ󲿷˶³ˣһеصƷӦþǹҳϵͼƬˡ
ôʲô
ԽԽ˿ʼ棬ͼƬģʲô

Ū顣Զеıһһ죬
칫֮⣬ǰñѵһٵ¬ۡ
٣ô¬ЩŤŤԼִĵȴ˵շ˵Ļ
ʱǲмһ˵ģΪеĴѹ£лĿܣ޷Ƿ˵ľǷϻ
յ裬¬оʹޣѾˣпȥʱԼһƱ˹ȥݺ跽һسӡ
ȻʱȴͻȻЩ
٣Ǵε飬ҿȫԸİ¬̲סȻŷȥ֣ϴ֮ԻˣŪлѩʵǷԶڱʾ⡣
㵣ʲôġԶһۣ˵
Ҳùűͷӽлȥһ٣ΪеĴѹܵĹעԽ࣬ͻԽ˶ģʱֹȥûôˡ
УɲǷһġ
һʱ䣬벻ʲô취вҿյףθھʼյ֤ڶԶԶһᣬǶ˵ǻԵĴ֮е֮ƣͲ赲ˡ
ο¬ۼ䣬ԶˣԼߵ˴ߣһ̣䣬ɫѿ


55 
ҾͲţһֱܵעԶݺͷԲţóȷˮƷӲţܳܵעϾվ͹ˣڶǵһĵ£֮ãʱ仹ܳ
˵ȤעһֱһϵģзˮӰ͹⻷ҲϾʱ̫á
ңҪһǣĿǰڶ฻ģǸԵĲ²⣬ȴʼûվϣصȳȥͻعƽ
Զһ㡣
ò˵Զȷмֲܣ۹Ҳ൱׼ȷ
ȻеϣעҪˡ
̬ķչû緽ԶϣƽϢȥ
һʼȷ緽Զϣ˼츻ǵעתˣҲֻˣŻʼǿҵȤ
ת۵㣬̨һӷ̸ĽĿ
лѩǸմٺѧҵõĴѧӽӡŮܾ˵Ѿڶʮܳȵȹ⻷ҲܹעϵһĳɹҵڵҲǲСǸӷ̸ĿΪԼα

ɳϣŵӣһɳϣŽ׵СţİţһʱദڷǰҲʼװŮ
磬ȣȲ衣һĴۣ˷ǰľ輸ϣ͸ŵΣȥ۾²󣬾ߵǱߵɳõĽţ
ЦţѾӲĵȥ
豭һڣƳ۴ֵĽûи𵭵ܰЩӣ˼ҵĸо
˿ʱ䣬˸Ƶתֱֳ̨
лѩѾݲңĿʽʼ
ףѩ㡣Ϥע⣬лѩڵϣʱһ˺ͽĴ֣רĿ
ʶлѩڿӣ飬ȻᷴʲôҲ濴
ĿտʼʱǽһлѩǶԴǰʱеһη̸ص㣬ܶ໰ⶼΧһչ
ѩѧУķ̲ס̾ȷոմӴѧҵȡĳɾͣ˵зЯڣлѩҲɵģϵлѩŶ󷽣ۡ
ҲٺѧѧǸոտȥģлѩŸձҵûãٺѧȻкܶĻ⡣
ʱ̸վı䶯ҳҳĽͼڵӻĻϣŴʺŵͼƬǱصȦ˳
˵ͼƬ˲ٺ䶯Ҳ춼ĥܶ˶һƷءŮ˿Ц
ǵģǲ²ûŮûڴлѩش𣬱Ͼ̫˳ԹʧˣȻлѩȴǻشˡ
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ϣŮѾӦ˹ʶʲô˫ĿŹ⣬æץסǸ׷ȥȻлѩȴ϶˵ˣֻ˽ڵ½һͼƬܣͶԺڲԡ
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ֻɴġ
лѩڽĿֳĻûκԤףҲǺ֪飬ǱһȻᴫɶȥ
УǺôľϲɸпһ漴תΪʣˮĶǻܼó
³βȵءЦЦܲԼǰ;ЦڸģˡҲ˵ˡ
лѩⷬڵ˵ģ˿˽ĳŵлѩнڷĸ߲㣬ĳŵܲˮ֣ԺûĻеĴǻԵģϾڵлǿ
Ȼ˵ûĻ˵ʵԡ
绰ͷɳĬò̾ϢһͻȻ˵˵㷽磬㻹³̫ˣƺɡ
Ҳûн飬ɻô˵Ҳ˶ĳϿɣ˵̫ϿɣҲϴʾܾ
ɺܿ˵绰
̬ķչһ緽ϣܿ˺䶯ңһοɲǸԵĲ²ˣԳ˵˶еһ˺ĺڴ
еĹעҲԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ㡣
ֻһУû˼ȥˣɹ˵绰󲻾ãĸоԼȴѾõͻƣѾ


56 ͻ
˵һ󣬷ת¥Լңŷסϥ˴ϣۡ
ΧһѸģŷĿԶܻѸٱ仯ԶããһƬԶԼǰ
ͬ߸ϵД·ı֮½
׹ͬʵʣɢڴϣȶٶţͬӿĳˮǰȥ
Ȼ֮½ΧǷϡܱµĲţ֮½췶ΧԽ˴󺣣Ӵ½
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ţһƽģͷı֮½ڵأССʮ׷ԲڣͻȻ˾޴ɢһƽڵ׹ⶼչȥ
ͬ˳һ㣬׹ԷɿٶȺţͶССķΧ۳һɫĹ
һ㵭ĺɫ˰ɫģͬĻ棬Ѹɢ˹ܿ죬ɫͱһɫ򣬱ȼ
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ɫȡԭ׹⣬ɢڴϣЩɫܿӳһ壬ֻĻȼţӿţͬ𺣣ڱ֮½췶ΧڣȾһƬɫ
ˡ
ϲɫ𺣣ǳɹͻƵһı־СһԵ޶ԣȴҪġ
ɹͻƺԭãٳ޷ǵٶͻƿԭ֮࣬ң⻹ֻǸտʼԶǼޡ
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һͻƣԶȵһĸʹ࣬ĺӷͷϻ䣬ڲţ޴ʹഫȫҧӲͦ
֪˶ãʹȥȡ֮ǱˬòģٱǹָţһڶԷǹǰɵˣǱǹָţҲ࣬Ȼһ࣬γɻǷҲΣգԶûǹĵز
ڣ½ˡսȭͷʵԽǿҲԽ㣬½ʲôزģдԼȥᡣ
ϾǸ겢ǵޣļУûе޸ģֻԹߵĽǶȡ
ͻƵʱŪ÷һ㣬üǽԼϴһᣬϴųʣ󽫷һ£һк󣬲»صϣȻ˯
ٴδۣ֮½ķΧĿӵɫĴءɨϸѰĵرټǰҹûзĵرĵطҲû©
֪ȻǰûУֻΪڴֱֻʮ׵ԵʣǸλþһûĵرںĻʮҲκĵرҲģŵ˰ףҵĵرļԾࡣ
һۿȥܿ죬¶ϲɫ
ȻСһССĻɫԾ뷽۽硣
ۣѸλã˵۵ӽǿĵرʲôģȴȷķλ
ǣٺʡͶȺ֮һ򡣡ܿȷǸĵرλãǰѲĵطΪڴֱϵţڱ˳
ۣ˿ǸĵرǷʺҪԼԹȥҳ֪
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ǽŮӵҲûͣͷ˷ۣͰעߵŮϣһѽŮΣʱǵöԷѡ
Źرգߣüͷ΢šԼǱϳˣԼһ͵ʱҲлѩͷʱ࣬Ҫ˵бϳǻ˵ùȥڶжϳЩͬѰˣӵĿ⣬㲻⡣
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ٺʡΧڣһȷҪǿиûʲôӰڶУȴǵ֮İ
˵ᱻϳĻôԷҵĿԷǳ
УΪĵرģҳϹϵǣԷӲҪͷҲˡ
ϣǲҪҡĬĬЩ䡣


58 ش
903ңߵſڣ÷ˢһ£׷Ŷʱˡ
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Ǹĵرںף۵ӽǿλãȽ鷳ˮµѹǺܴģǡں°״ԷԣҲвСѶȣȻͷ۵ľǣˮԺһ㡣
ǴϲˣƺȽϸӣ滹ƽ뺣׺వصУˮҲʮֻңԷˮԣ϶޷˳ͨеġ
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شۣʧܡ
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Ǹͧ⡣ԱӲľܾ
һͧĵطԷķӦһޣ䵭
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ͬģҲԼһ˵ͧͬһ
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㲻ںͧȥ޻أҲԲʧ
Ȼݣϰ˼ǰǴ򲻵ͧȥ޻أԼܲô£
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Ȼк֡ͷԤϵչЩͷۡ
Ǽ䣬ͻУ͵̧ͷʱģӳ
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59 Ҷ
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ڶһۣЩ죬ûȥǿ򶨵ǼĶˣ󻹲ŵƨҲֵˣϾڽϣǿнٳֵĻӰ첻á
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ںƵһϴīһɵģҲûժī
Уô֪ͨһҲ̫˰ɡתͷ˹̬ḡ˵
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ԶڼٺʡȦﻹеͷӴ򿪳ţЦվ˷ǰ
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Լĵ̱ˣ
ڼƲ붯֣һŷֱץץסĻ˳־ͻֱֵ󣬽Ʒ

ֻţͰ߳ʮԶе϶ʱһҡ
һ죬סԶĲӰǰԶû˿أֱԷ۾ףչȥŰ˦ܳλϡ
Զƴţڴڴ㱻ɱĴֲ߬࣬µ˼㣬ʱﻹǰүǲһſ
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ҪҡܳλϵԶҡҡָΪҪɱʶĺ˫ƴҵţǷ֮ʵĿֲӰܾá
ûһץסԶϳ˷ܳһߵȻ˹ȥԼȥѸ뿪ֳ
Ԥе鷳ȻˣǳŷˮģǷԸ⽻ˮܣºưոˡ
ΨһĺϢǣԶӦżˣһ˳ģ⹫ӸΪֻǸͨˣھܳԶˣ˴ҡڵҪռݹ͡
ҵĵ̣ԼǲˣҷӦڰԼҪ߶ѣ˵Ϊ½㣬ƾһ˵޷Կһеġ
ԶԼ߻ˣҲòȥҪιȻ󷢶ͷҪʱ䣬϶뿪С
еĵͼ֪Ŀǰλô죬ֲᱻء
ܳһ·ʻܿͳ˶С
ҽӵϢ迨ʱѾҲټڶнһҰҵѾõķܳڷӰȫޡ


60 ҵķӦ
еһҽԺһ
Żվڲ⣬͸ŲԲѵӡ
Զ⺢ӴСɣ£ڶж˴ضȻԣһҪͷһʮĸ긾ŮȦͨ죬޿˵
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ӵҪûᣬǱˣҵĵ̴ҵˣǶǴ˵϶ᱻǷ񱨸һȴЩͬ
һҽԺͷͷѶԺ͸Ժͷĺһ·Сܹ
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ǣǣӲΣգܻܵһˡԺ϶亹
˵Զɰ׳գ͵һ鴤
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Զв߲УȻҲһһЩֶΡ
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ɱƲס¶˳˻֣Ժ뿪
ĵףβƾʲôԺλϴšһԵ
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һںϾѾɨسţһӣôķۣȻɵĹϵȴмֹ˼ɡ
ҵʵͷҰҶҪһЩǸĻϺ꣬Ҳ൱ɵġ
ңҵȻ϶Ŀģڶеһлʲô˽Ӵ˵ʲôͳͳҳҪۡݺݵ˵֮ǰе˼ɣ֪Զֻʣȴ׿˶ɵļɵ
Ҵһ仰ķˮԴһҪŪ֡й˵һ仰
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仰񣬾긾ŮҲֹס˿¶ʼɵɫ
ʢŭ֮£Ȼ˷ˮʱԶ·һߣֻˣԭĶ̫أĿǰȡˮ֮ء
󲮿׼Ҫ׽ģϵȫھٺݺĥ˵ͷй㣺½ȥ죬סǧҪ⣬Сӵֺ
йˣ˵Ǳ߳ʮףײϰϻ˹ȥ
ҪʱԳˡֲһ䡣
ԶΪ˽ͺҵģֵһ֮ͽв֣Ǹ⡣
ǡй̴Ӧ
뿪УӵõܳͽУڵĽȫԸĻʱڲȳ϶٣ҪҵԼס
һѲԼȾû壬Ҷ̫ˣҿ϶ϣ˵ע⣬ϾǷķˮңֻҪõǸĵر̻صУҲܰצ쵽ȥ
ԼԣҪģȡĵرȷһ·λ첽ȥ


61 С
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ڶеҪ֪Һʲô˵ʹʲôֱ׾٣ҴǴ˳סţһ֪ԼĿĵأпǰǴ壬ʱ䲻ˣĶҪӿ졣
һ洬Ҳܳ˵ǾģȻ⵵£ҲֻѰ;
ߵһС˵㶫ʱµϰ洬Գ
سҲģҪܳ洬ֻһطϰʮ꣬һľСȰ㣬ǲҪȥĺãǵط̫Σա
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ϰ㾡˵ҲǺ档ЦЦȡһŰԪֽҵ˹ȥ
ϰɿİǮֻһˣʱҲ֪׬ײ׬߶ʮһС壬Ƿչĺܷˣ˵߻ӣǺܶ˽͵ľۼء
˽
۾һҾǴ˽ͺҵģֻǶзչ˽ܵҪǲܵģתƵǸСˡ
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СӣģԼȥЩ˶ɱ˲գ۵ġϰȰһ䡣
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С·ߣһ·ſһСʱң˾ͣ˳˵ʲôҲˡ
Ǯٶ࣬ҲҪܲУɴ˿ɼ˶η塣
ҲΪС⣬һ͵ˡ
Ǯ³˾̿ȥһ̶Ըͣ
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һǹ죬ŷǰ״ƿһСЩƷɡ
üǹһ죬ͷӦķӦٶȣҲܱܿģ漴͸оԷûд˼ΪԼûΣյĸоվԭûж
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Σյĸоڷϣ֪ⰫڣԼ϶ֹһǹ׼ˣǲڰľѻ֣ΣգһԷʲôף̾ͻῪǹ
¶Է˶ĻԷҪԼҲѣֻ޷ȷڰǲǽһˣһҲҪԲû
۾΢΢𣬷ӣȴû˿η֮ɫ
⼸ˣС帺𾯽ģһʲôΣգͻǹʾ˽ͺ˽Ʒˣͻϴ뿪ޱ޼ʵĴУȹ˷ͷٻΪ˵ص⣬һֱ޷֮ͻû̫ЧкҲ޷һ򾡣˵һЩԱͨΪЩ˽ͨ籨ˡ
Ŀŵĳǹ·ɱ˶£ɼжˡ
ӵȵЩͷ͵һеǹҪǰ֣·ͻȻ
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ЩˣС̬ҲһɾֻܾҪûͻڣȻܵҲǲɱġ
һԽҰ·Ͽٿ˹ٶ൱졣
ͣɫһ䣬ǹŵ·һӵɽ
һɲͣ洫
վԭزɾĶŷֻǳͬ˸ɫӶʱ⣬һǹΪ棬ǰȥǹڶ׼˺ˣ̸Ϳǹˣһ
ǹǹ
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62 ݿ
ﹲĸˣһŮеһ֪Ǳ֮ʣеĶʮҵͣŲʵЩӢ䣬һ֪򵥣ŮĶʮӣഺǸŮ
Ư椡Ůӣʢ־ȥ
Ҫ֪С屾ںߣشƫƧΪ⣬˸ƽӰûУһˣѾǺܺˣ˵ŮˣɫͨŮҲһ
ǹӵж޼ɵ
ʲôŮӺµһȴǿȥˣվ˳ŭ
һȥǹһ̧׼ӵԴŵĿţٶһԣ
ڼ״ҲܶԷŻ˻ĻῪǹһȥ䣬һһҪǰ
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~
Ǽǹ죬һͣȽ˸Ӻ̳Ŵ˹ȥ̶̰׼ӾԽ
ϵǹִ󺧣϶ŵ飬æߣȴＰϷٶȣһȭʮףЩŤˡ
ᱻǹָͷͣ£
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Զ˳״סˣȻعҪȥкѾ߽˴
ߣǸȥſȵĹæ˵
٣أ˶֮ͽҲ޷֤ǵİȫû˵ı̲סȰ
ŵѾǸеΣգûʱ
УһҪύһ£ʵ̫ˣҴûôǿˣʶҲûˡһڻؾԼ뷨
Ļٺ㸸ȴк޷֤ǵİȫ¹عȫһá
úáڴӦȻóֻҪ绰ʱͻȻȳŴڳȥ
³ͻȻڶûסһˣҪʱһ˼ˣﶼǹ׺ᣬʱƵӲֹס˽Ų
ȻǰǹսСˡ
ߡ˲Ҷغ뿪

߽С壬ȴû̫ǹ֮Ȼܶһ֪Ǻˣȴûгǹߵ
Ȼ˶ʶԴġ
Ҳûд⣬˭֪Щ˽Ʒ棬ûбûĵرأȻ÷ЩʧǣûκθӦ
СڵλãȻҲںߣȴڱ֮½췶ΧϷҲŵķϣ˵Ժ쵽ȴҪһʱ䣬ʱȴûжˣڱ֮½췶Χûĵرһ֪
ȻСģҲȫǺöСķΧܰڷŵĶޣ󲿷ֶһЩƷ
Ŀ򺣱ߣһҿںеĺ֣ʱ΢ΪЩ˽ƷΪǡ


63 
ڶִУѰŷԼĿĴֻ˽Ʒ廨ţͨƷƷУװǵĴֻҲдСеľˣҲеֻǽ;תӵġ
Ҫȥĺ򣬿Ǵ˵кֵģǼ٣Ҫֵ׼Щ̲Ӵֱִų
ȥҲͿҴԼĿꡣ
ôŪǸ⣬ںϵִֻһЩ𿴹ֻܴԱ˽ͶС̸ˣ㷽һҴҲû㹻ֽ֮
磬ȵȡ˼䣬ͻȻӺ洫һ㶣תȥǸڴڼһ˹
ٶȺܿ죬ֻͨˣȻϣûһͱ˦ˣҺС岻ҵ˷
㣿ü
ңңڴ硣ſھһ磬ĺܣϾǼ
ʲô£
ΪʦڴĿŷڴɵˣʵ̫ˣҪΪʦ磬ʦҰɡ
˵꣬˫һҪȥ
ҡҡͷΪ˴˵еָˣԼһףҲûȥ
Ӿ͹ȥΪִˣͲǸղҲơ
ʦ~
˵ˡ˻֣Լȷб£ļҳһЩǳ򴫸Ϊͨвĸ֣ԼΪʲôҪô
ĽԼܹʦԼһҪ𣿿ʲôЦ
ҪٸҡĿƳӣ͸¶ЩɱӺ˼һ̿֡
ֻЩǣԷӱȽϼͣһȾƵ廨ͷȻûٿȴԶԶĸ˺棬ȻûзԼ뷨
ֻҪӰԼҲȥ
һ֣ʮڵĴ˽Լ֮һǹʣµˣҲǿ֮
һסȥ·С̯ӣŰƷԣӺһ߷⼸ʮ˴Ȼ˸
Ȼ˽Ͷǵﲻġ
ô£˲ǲ׸Ľ𣿡Զһ˽ֵ
˭֪ĸǰɣǵ죬ĵͷߣϴξвµ£˸һ˽ֻ
ʲôʮһС¥߳ʮˣΪ׵ʮ꣬ͭɫӣں˻챻紵ֺ壬ָǽڿһͲǺǵˡ
ʮУһ׳Ӱվ˳ͬһ㣺º޹أҪ¡
ǱȻͻʱӵȥʣʱ仹Ҫڸһ˶棬˿ǵĿ
ҪǵԼЩ˽УҲ൱һվǵĽǶȣȻϣƽʱʱķһЩ⣬Щ˿ôʱҪѰ
ٷϻǶ︺İȫ򽻱ѣԼ˴ҵ£˴ѾӰ˴İȫһҪ˻֣ʱڵϵ˱̧˽Ǵˡ
ҵҲ˵ˡ
ңҳȵ
üһɱԼĺܣҽʱҲ˿ò˶þͻᱻҵ
ȻмʮˣвǹǴ˵Ƹӣ˽Ʒ䵱ϰ˷˿塣
ˣ֮ǰͿӴڽġ漰С尲ȫЩ˽ͶʱһڽϽˣָ֤
ɫһ䣬µ˶ʱΧ˹ٴС
üͷšһαǹָţȵĲͷɫһҪ
ʲôԤϵ£ǸͻȻ˹ͷվһ𣬴ȻʱҲڴڣǵΪġ
Ŀһۣû뵽˻е㵨
Цһ˭˭ֻҪˣһҪʹۡ
Ҫɵˡ
ͻȻһ´Զľţϴ󣬲ˣҸոսӵһϢפҪѾ·ϣСʱͻִ
⻰һ˶ˣʵפǰȫǲһġ
˳źߵִȥϵ˽ƷҲˡ
ʱҲˡ
һϡ߳˰ΧȦõȻȴ˵Է
󣬷͵شܳײһ˵ĻײĹǶϽۣ߷ݰ׷ɳȥȵ˷Ӧǹʱԭʧȥ˷Ӱ
ҵȺԷ˽Ʒ˶Ҳ˵ɱˡ
ҪˣǳȰֻ֣һӿţ󵱻ϵ˳˵
˶ڳŰߵִӿȥСҳһš
ûᡣ
˰ΧȦûȥᶾˣҵĳ棬ûĿ꺣֡


64 
еĺֹңȻ⼸ҴȫͣԶ뺣ĵطҪȥĻҪСͧȥڻ״û쵽һҴϻᱻ֣ҪЩֻɼ˵Сͧٷְٻ̱¶
üͷ΢Ŀ⳯Щؿ˼ۣܿ⡣
ӲڻҵȺУ̤˿һҺʱĻ̻̣һʱ䵹ûע⵽϶˸ס
㣬㣬Ͽڼװ߶ţк˸͸λ
ָ£뺣Ȼˮֳ̤ʱȴһӰԾһ󼱳壬ŶԷջ̤ǰϡ
һĻü
ͻȻɱˣǸҪΪʦӣȻ˷ϴŻ
ˣ˵ϷУԷҲǺеڶİΧվͦԼԿ
һǿеǴϾ˴ϵˣһֳֵΧ
˭ģȥݺݵ˹
ȴûԹԳŴĴţˮҪȥȭŴ򵹣ȻԶԶ޷ͷȣҲһֵģͨǿࡣ
ʣµһæˣϵĿռҲգۼͰ˼ȭţܿͱ׵ıס
ȥŭղŻսУҲӳҴһȭлʢ
ʱһ˹
˶һû뵽˲֪Ĳص˴ϣȴ¶ϲ֮ɫ
˳˵
ĸУһȥǰСԶûע⣬Ҳûϳ
΢΢һЦ͵ؼ٣Ⱥûһӣ˶ˡ
ʦٺ١ӻȻûϵСˣƤֿ˹
ʦûͽܵĴ㡣˵ӹеǣڵȷûͽܵĴ㣺Ѱɣҽз
ӵƷУ÷ÿһ
ҽֳԨͷҲټȥǽύڰʦҲʱ⣬ȻֲϽܣҲǿȥ
ûµĻ㻹ȥɣҪȥΣաֳԨһۣû´ĻЩפӦǳֳԨģϾפǲᶯģҲһפһΣСͷչ
ʹפֳԨ϶򵥣ѹڽģǿ֮ǰıϲŻ֮ύȻȥ
ΣգҲҪȥĻֳԨǵû¡
ֳԨԸ񣬷Ҳ˼˽⣬졢Ը嶯һǻѪȻҲ³ç
㡣νԼĻ϶ᱣһδҲ͹˲ˣչǸ˵ѡ񣬷ȥǿи档
ңиҲԣϾһ·ȥǵˣֳԨֻ㲻԰СæӦھԸҲʱɵġ
ҲɱǣҲûκȤֻҪǽҵģͲκΣա˶УǰµֲأֻǰǴ£ûþվˡ
ĻһʯأҲܷ˵Ǽ٣ûǿʱҲֻѡŷˡ
ڷ£ִܿԶ˺
ʱ򣬴󲿷ִֻѾ밶
ָһҴ󴬣
Ҵ󴬣еһңܹңŪκһҷˣָеҴ󴬲֪ǲװ̫˴ٲ죬Ҳ׵ֵһң༸ͲӰˡ
Ϊ˼ӿٶȣˮǰһЩ˽Ʒӽ˺ȻҲȡһЩǮǿǲ
׵һҵĻٶʱܿ׷Ҵ󴬡
ǵĿ£˴ϵע⣬ǻûô⣬ϾҲʶԷˣǵȵڵҴ˿ͼֱǿʱʱŭˡ
϶ʱŭȳȻҴԭˡ
ǡ˿ûᡣ
ȵУֻ֮ʮ׵ʱ򣬷óȫ͵һߴ壬˶ʱʸȥԽʮ׵ľ룬˴ϡ
һԾϵ˶ˣֳԨ˫ĿŹ⡣
~
ϵ˿ǹˣȻȶĻģ󴬵˽ֵͣҲмǹ֧ġ
׼ûأ˾ڴϺݺһߣı˷򣬶һǹ˫̤أ͵ܳƵǹǰ
һȭ˶ԷǹĿ磬ǳȺ˲ŵֳǹеˣǵǹ֧һУ˫һߴǼǹסˡ
ҴҽӹˡĿɨϻɫˣ


65 ִ˵
ʯ䣬֡
һϣֳԨŴԱѴ˹Ȼûзı£һԾʮס
ֶΣ˶еͷƤ飬Ϸֳ֣ǹôԸ
ǲĶ֣ǶڣԳǶɱˣ󴬵ƿˣȺ˳ţȻҴ󴬵֡
һ۶ԷǱˣǸСʹĹ˽൱ǿһɡ
ġ
㡣ʱҲϳ˷ʱͶͻλҲԶȻΪפҪϢæϻ˴ϣûпֵһĻԷֵԵʣǵһ
ʱңôƷǵģȴ󲻳ֻΪҲõǹеڲ֪Ȼ˫ֿտգȻǹеڷǰȻҲûá
Ǻԩ޳𣬺αǵĴʶ㣬ĿʱЩ
ҴʱӹܣҪȥһ£֮Ǹ߸ġҲ뼤ЩƣԼȷԶûռõȤ
ôһ˵ʱ˿ԼЩ˼˼ҵĶ֣ǹеҲˣҪʲôҲΪʱҲֻԷ˵ˡ
һ£ֳԨ̤Ѹٵ˶ϣϷǵû˿η壬ȫ˷ܡ
߰ɡ˵
ϵԴϲæĳ̤壬Ѹ뿪ʵǿǹûķԸôߣʱŷ
㿴ˣҲɱ޹֮ǰԼҴͷߣҲΥŵ
һİȫ뿪ȷù˾һ񣬿ϣ
ʵ̫ˡֳԨ˹ĽʦĻȴû
΢΢һЦǹԼһѣѶӸֳԨ
ЩǹеõĺܲϰߣȽ϶ԣԼȭţҲûӵȥûʲô׼ͷ塣
ֳԨͲһˣھǹ֧϶İ׼ҲԶڷ֮ϣܷӳá
ӹǹֳԨĴַ̧ǹ׼ȷĿꡣ
ǹңҶ㲻ֳԨǹʵ
ȻѣεȻСҡҡͷȻ֣ҲֳԨ
ãȻǺѣֳԨֱ޳ܵСˡֳԨЦԷҲǶ˼֡
ڹ£Աʼ͸λҲԼĿĵ˵˳
ɫ䣬ҡͷУȥãк֣ǰƹǸеġ
к֣üͷ΢壬ڶ˵ˡ
϶УҾۼһ˽˺ףʬ޴档һĻ˸䡣
һЩ񴫳ģһЩȥһȥľ˵к֣ʼǲôŵģϾǰܰȫĺߣôͻȻðһͷ֡
һֱ죬ǺоƬʱǰ˽ͻȻͣ˺ϣˮ±ʲôסһ㣬ţǴĴͷͱ˺ȻβʱǺ¼ˣæ뿪ԺҲҾƬˡµ˵ۿһҴδ֪Ĵ뺣ףǶԣ൱ǿġ
Ծںߵ˵һЩɻУ޵ģһº󣬹Ǹŷ
ұ뺣׵ĴǵĶΣ˭˭С˸⡣
ôܱȣǶſ˽̵ģҴֻһСѡ˵ԼĴԺ
Ȼǰȫˣ˵ſԵ֣ҹǣ˹ȥӦÿȷȫǲԸȥھͳ⴬
ûк֣һ⣬ȥԿһۣԲģңȥȡģȥɱֵģҲûҪͺͻֻҪԷԼͺá
ɫףĲȥǴ򣬲вɲΪ˵˵ġ
㶨űסԵʱ龰Ʋ⣬˱ģҲܳСͧߡ
ȨƬ̣¶˾ġ
ãȥȥ
ǵʧһʵ΢Цָ֮ö档
Ÿı亽򣬴ٻ󣬳ϷĿ꺣ȥ


66 
εĺϲ羵ԵýԵģ΢΢ţȥһɾף˭Ҳ벻ĵطȻпֲĺûѾʮû
ӽĿ꺣󣬶ŵٶ̽˵񾭶һ۲գĿź档
Ƭ򣬺ƽȴ൱ӵġ
ۣٴο򺣵ף׼ȷǸĵرڵλãǰ״ˮʮס
ʮףá˿ڱ֮½췶ΧڣܰѴش쵽ʮ⣬ȻǸĵرľûôˮֱڴϾ֮ܽȡ֡
Ŀ꺣󣬹˽ŵ˼㣬ӼֳԨܵӰ죬˵ˡ
ȥָ˺
Ż۶ƿ㺣ˣӽ˷Ŀĵأװȥ۲캣棬ߵһബϱԵĴ˴⡣
ûע⵽ʱҲûϾעЩҪģһȫţЩʲһϸ˶ĺˮ
ش룬ۡ
ʼɽ֮ش룬ڱ֮½췶Χڣ۵Ĺ쳣٣Ӿ۳Ĵش롣
˳εƵĴشڷУΧź˵ϢӿţһشʱԼٶӳ˺ˮУͬʱۣŴش볯Ǹĵرڵλ̽ȥ
·ĺˮˮɺ֮࣬ͳͳֹش룬Ļܿشĺ㡢ɺм䳩ͨĴ͸һ㣬Ǳ֮½췶ΧԴش֧ˣҪǻط˵ҲͬͨܵȴҪɱ޷ôش쵽ʮˡ
Ӻ󣬴ش˳ĽǸĵرξס
¶ϲɫشѸǸĵرһ𣬺ܿʹʮ׾룬ƿ棬ݵһ˷ɢ˴ش룬ɫĽĵر뻳
Ŀɨܣûע⵽
д󶨣еĿ˳ɣΪ˲˻ɣĵرסûϲ쿴
ˣ뿪˹Թ˵кûȻĿѴﵽûбҪ
һ㶣Ȼû뵽Ҫ֪ǷǿҪƬģͣ˼ӣȻҪˣ
벻ףҲͣԼ˵ҪɻɻˣθɣӲԷĸܣҲֻʱͻֵ
뿪Ȼ벻ͨǹɵȥΥطǷӲҪԲ῿벽ʱ뿪Ȼ֮ã񾭶Ϊ֮滺
Ż٣Ҫ뿪ƬΣյĺ
ֳԨڷԱһƨĨĨͷϵ亹ˣôһ㣬Ҷһˡ
ٴ󣬵յȾ£ǹ˵Ӱ쵽
Ͼͻ뿪ˡֳԨĻû˵꣬ͱһ󾪻ʧϡ
ϴ󣬲ˣˡŵٶѾȻڴϺеٶȣȴѸò˶ãͳ׵ͣԭزá
˵ɫʱ䡣
ǺסǣҪˣȫҪһԱܲ
ٶȳ嵽˴ϱϣ⿴ȥһʱ亹ֱðֻǾ뺣ԽԽҲ˵ڳ󺣡
ҪţҪţϷСͧ뿪ͼ˿Ҫ
Ȼʱ򣬴󲿷˶ץסĿ־סˣĻµ޼
飬顣ǹ죬쳹ҶţӶһǹȥ
ǹסˡ
Ƭ½ԶСͧĻ׻ᱻ˴򷭣ɲϣԼ˽үͿۣ򴬵ס
۵ӽѰȻ޷ǿȴǿԵģȻȥȴûں¿
Ԩ棬˭뿪ͿǹȥһǹҲݸֳԨ
Ҫȥ̫ΣˡҪºֳԨʱ󼱡
İɣûµġļ򣬶һ˴󺣡
һҲô侲
κУǷǿҪģҪ˵Щ˲޷ǲܵģȻУȴ֮࣬Ҳϣ
Ŀԡ뵽棬ͻȻģܻܲȥѰ·Ȼ֤һİա
ҲΣյʱ򣬵ȵͷٳСͧ뿪Ҳü򲻵ѣš


67 ̹
ͨ~
뺣ˮУĺˮʱΧƹԷʣ˿壬·λͳŴ׵λȥ
ûãһž޴Ӱڷǰ
ˮЩģǶԷӰ쵹ǲ󣬵Ŵ׵ʱɵĵɴۡ
һֻֻӴ֮ĺڴף࣬΢һ£˳Щﶼĵáȴ׸Ǻгĺϲˮ¸дҲһʺϵĻµڴϺУ׳׸ǲģ붨
ԭЩ׸СԶŵӰ첻Ȼʱȴ֪ΪʲôһüӴ
׵ĵã׵ĺ
ԶԶĵúͺĴСңǲġ
Ŀһֻԭ۵ĵãͻȻԷٶȳɳͼ󣬺ܿͳһףס
ԭǺȻ
һ㺣Ĵ׶Ŵ׸ǵͱԭļʮҲӦļӣͼ侪ˣϵú޷ԽԽ׸ᱻ뺣ס
ûʲôЩ׸δ֪Ӱ±ü󣬲˳ֶ
֪㣬ͼˡ
غ棬ùһѳˣε˴׸Щ׸
׸ӴҲйԣ˫ۣоһޱȵĹιǵ׳Щ׸
ϸϸˣǰȫˡϣϲĴ󺰣ۿŶŴΣˮصȫλã̲סӯĸоޱȼ
ֳԨǰצƵģºȥںʲôս뵽ΣֻǿаסԼ
ȻڶԷޱȸмվһ·ˣûڴסǣ˵ͻѶſߣãã󺣣ûдҪôȥҪڴԲһ
֮׸ﱻ󣬶ѾûΣˣֻҪ뿪Ƭ򣬵ʱɾʣ׸
ʣ׸ûж֣ҪǵĻδ֪ķ䷶ΧˣҲ֪ܲӰ쵽Լûпǰ׸ʱҲǾжϣСıܿ˷䷶Χ
ϻ˿һͷ˺ˮУ·ȥ뿴δ֪Ǵġ
뺣׶ʮ׺󣬷·ȥһĨ޵̹ӺӿĨ̹Դƺں׼ڴʱ򣬹âϡɼǷõĻ»޷⵭ļͺڰĺΪһ̹⡣
Ӱ쵽Щ׸Щɣ̹⴫ʱͿˣٷ֮һûУ⻹˴Ӱ죿
ȻĿȴûֵûɵĶˡ
ʱĿͻȻ΢һвֵĺյĿ̹⡣
ʱעֻν̹棬󣬾ۿɼٶͬƴŵתۼ䣬ͱ˳ʮ׵Ȼ
⺣ƺûзϵľ޴仯Ȼγַ̹Χ
~
ո뿪̹⣬ͬƵ򣬱˿һӾȫʬ
һ
ҺԼˣ˵Ǻһ³̹ƺмΧڵı⣬Ȼһ뿪Χͻʧȥ֧ţڷ
⣬ĵر𣿡Ժתͷ
ǵޣĵرУҺ㷢ĵطڱ֮½췶ΧȷϣӦĵر
ֻ̹ⲢĵرǸĵرɢĵرı壬Ӧڸĺף˴ʱ֮½̽ķΧ
̲ס̾Ϣһ
صĵر̫ǿˣڵпǷԱܵɢԼǿЧݵϵʱѾٷ֮һܵ³¼
֪ǿ̶ȣڷǵȵĵر߼
Ȼϧǣڵķ޷֮ȡߣڵλ̫ˣ޷Ҳڱ֮½ķΧڣҲ÷޷λ
ԺɡЩ·һۣ֮½ڴֱϵһֱڻУһʱԼ֮ܽ̽ˡ
صţԸ
ͰͲˣϿ뿪ƬûЩ׸ŵĴٲӰ죬ȵ뿪̹䷶ΧЩľ޴󻯵׸ʱ׷ױѿû˿ۼ


68 Ѫɺ
Ѫɺһĵرб֮Ч
ŴȡԼǰõǸĵرɨһۣ͵õϢ
ĵرһذֱ۳̵ɺͨѪ죬ͬʯһ㾧Ө͸Զͨɺɱȵġ
ܳΪĵرģȻз
Ѫɺб֮ЧȻͷˮһҲ͵ȵһĵر޵ģʹѪɺ󣬲ܵصˣ񻯣Ѫɺܽ״̬άСʱʱΣͲˡ
˵ֻСʱڷѾ൱Ĵˡ
ܶ˳˳¹ʣˣΪ˵ͽҽԺΣҪСʱ䣬ʱڲϵĶţҽεʱѾ̫ˡһ˾ҽεĻ˵ܰٷְپȻκõļҲܼӡ
ı֮˭᲻ں
Ͼ໹ƽգֻһӱʵĶ˭Ӷࣿ
ⶫ»˷ɡЦ
ȷˮٲ⣬ഺ˭Ҫ²еڶ𰸣ȻѪɺЧûзˮôãʤڶκ˶أļ۸񣬻ȷˮߡ
ˮʱǼˣҲΪĵر·ĿڣѪɺ϶Ҫȷˮúܶࡣ
籦ʯѪɺ¶֮ɫ
˶һûаܣջ˺ʺĵر

ʮһͣһұȶŻҪһĺ
йںɳ̲ϣɹ̫
УҵӴ󣬷ʲô˶Թ˵ʲôݣҪ죬Ͱйǰ
ѾʧˣҪҵûôףΪ˲©ҲôĵĽе̺ʽйõѡ
ҪȥǴԼʹڸţֻҪһ֮̽ץסããϣй벻ʲôѵĿܡ
ȻǲģйͬʱҲغһԼǴһˣá
ΪӵܣйȻίԼֻ齻ȥ죬Լںжա
١һߴӰԶں̲һĽӡ
һɢϢӡ
ĿѾ֡ӳ
ȷйֱɲԼְ
⴦Ѿǽأˣʮа˾žĿꡣӵǹ۲죬ȷһ˽ԱϺǹµĶţ֮ǰӵϢĿСֹĿڶϵĿԷǳ󡣡
˵⴦ͲںϣټϺĴ˵ûˣǵȵڣҲֻŶѡ
ˣôûʲôй۾΢С
ûУǰңֻͨ񣬾ƴڵĳɾ͡˵
Ȼˣϳйվű֮ɫ˷׽⣬ˣɱ⡣
׷Ϣ©
ȻǶź͹վ˷һߣΪ˱ܣôȥɡ
۾Ѫ֮ɫ촽һ˷ܡ
йˣ֮ͽÿжٶһɱˣûκϰ
˵ϴ𺽣Ŷ׷ȥ
ϴ󣬺Ҵ˳ǳġҵĴûãͱϵ˷ˡ
ܵ˴βùµԶȥ
ҵĴϵı־ʱһ
Ҳǿ˽ҵģڸĵط˭֪ңǹ˽֮ͣԻһ˽ͣЧңһƬҵ
Ǻԩ޳ǳҵĴڣΪԷƽġ
ֳԨӵϢҲ˴β
𡣡üͷ΢ԷȻûģˮ̫ҵա
û̫⣬֪һ鵽ԼĿģһײ
ֳԨһԺ֪ңǲ֪ҵĹڣҲ²ԷĿĺڡ
ƴǿʾǿϴ˵ٴıҲò
ӲģҵĴٶȱȶſ࣬ᱻ׷ϣңҲûҪӡ
á˵ͷǼ֣ԷҲʮġ
ͺ٣ҵĴţָŴԱʼ١
ŵٶ½ҵĴȴȻָ٣ҴܿͲʮס


69 Ѫս

ҵĴͣʮ⣬ûмӳڴͷ
ѪǣҵѪǡӣϲ˶ɧȻ֣˽Ҳкܴġ
һǳбɱ˲գ۵ģмûұӻͱץȥǹʮˡһԱľ˵
ͬΪ˽ͣЩ˺ѪǱǲԶˡ
ѪǣһֱˮˮΪʲôں׷ǣվ˴ͷ
Ѫһûʣ˵Ǵûһзˡ

һ㶣û뵽ԷȻǳŷģԭǲֵ֪ģֳԨͷĶԻȴ֪˵
ԥ£ҪҪʵʵ˵ͷ޽飬Ե߲ƣʱǵǳ⣬ȴȡ
ŭĻɱǼ׾ٵġ
ȻġֳԨǸʶŷйڣ
˵ͷ΢䡣
УǴˣѪϴ󣬿ǡûһԱͳ嵽˴ߣ
ԷĻԹ޵ˣûУǷǴӡнȳҲʹϾûзǸûҪһˡ
ϺΣʲôȻŭµĲ֪أŭĿȥ
٣ѾȷˡѪ¶һѪȵЦݣߵߵй˵ңҲڼװϡ
ܺáй۾âɱǡ
һ£ʱֳֳ߰ǹӵ˴ߣ׼ŵļװ壬ɨ
ۻұȶй֮޲
ϴǸûҪΪͷ±ͺûаϵȳ⣬ǸϺιŲӷţһĲ
~
ʱٵǹ籩
ϴСġһһֱעǱߵĴԱɫ䣬˹ȥѹ˵ڵء
~
һӵĳϺŵɫɸӣȥ
ϺΡһҰް˻۾̺ˣЩǸüֵ֣ܰҵ֡
³ͻȻ˭ҲûԤϵһͻȻɱվڼװϵˣ⣬ӵʬ嵹һƬŵļװ˲䱻ѪȾ졣
ЩӣҪϾɱֳԨٴѪܵҲûгڼװϣûбĻɨ
Ŵϵϰ˷ֳԨ
㣬㣬ֻҪɱЩҵ֣ӽҹˡ۾ѪһƬ˻š
ҵʹޣѾ˼㡣
˵ûзԵʣҲֶ򣬲ҵĲбԶڷ֮ϣϾûвǵŵһĲ
ֻҪܸɵЩˣԲҪ
ǹ֪ԼЩΪǱߵĻ̫ˣ˰ϣڷϣ벻ڶ취
ЩˣһŹҲŭˡ
Ϊ˷ˮɱˣҵ̫޼ɵˡ
ŵˣȥҺݺײȥ
ǰû뵽һôɥĲԲûô
áݺݵ˵ͷ˵ȥкʣ»ŵˣת˶ŵĴͷҵĴײȥ
һĻѪЦһ򣬿ȥҪöŰٶ
ľֻʮףռ䣬ٶ᲻㱻ײҲд󰭡
٣ϵˣѾ˰˳ɣʣµĲΪ壬ԵǴˡѪջĿ⣬һй㱨档
ȥɣסҪ׽й־Ѿֺ󣬸ôΪԼȡˡ
~
ײһȻٶȶ̫Ȼײĳʹ˶޷סƽ⡣
ʱ͵̤Ӵ˶վȵĹͷҵĴ
ˡѪǵķӦ죬̧ǹӰڵķһӵ
ľм׷ɣ˼ףȻȴûǹصĳ档~
ͬһ񱼶սٶȳ嵽һֳֳǹǰȫΪݺײϡ
ֻüһҽУѣŤתһ˼ĽǶȣڵͶ˺
ʹЩ˵Ĳбûа֡
ûԭͣһ룬ƶţո뿪ԭؾͱӦ˴ɸӡ
Щ֮ͽǶ˿ɱȵģٱָɵһ˺ʣµѪǵָ£гǹ׷׿𣬽֯һƬסÿһ䣬ȻӰȴʧˡ


70 
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й㱻һȺٴаΧм䣬ȵǹֹЪ̲ס˿ĭʵ
ûСѪǵɫѿ۾ﾪ֮ɫһܿ
ôȰٶȣǿƻκһˣǶ֣еĳǹҲûǴ˿ȫС
˭йоڴʱﻹǰ־ˡ
˿µĵˣޣĻйԺ˯˯̤ʵ
һҪɵйǿƽݺݵ
Ѫǳ˵ͷ
ڰַֿȥѲ飬뻢ڡѪǽԼ뷨˵˳٣ҴȻ󼯻ҹ֣֤߳ܰɸӣ֣Ǿͳ⴬֮ء
Ѫ֮ɫ
ããġйѾûж⡣
üͷ΢
ȻϵƣΪߵĳǿҵ˼һǹеǵصģûжĿռ䣬࿹Ƕ֡
汻ǳ˶ϣųҴԼĴΣˡ
طҪǵˣȻȴǲͬ
⴦ڱ֮½췶ΧǷĵ̣
ҲйֶεģֻǷΪ̫֮ͣȴʩչ
װϣѪָˣҪ˵ϣǲ˿⣬ȴǹȻָżװ壬ֻҪһǾͻἯ𣬽ɸӡ
ѵ
һ죬һӰ˼װ塣
𡣡Ѫ˳
~
ӵźӰȥ̽ɸӡ
ͣȫͣ¡ѪǺܿ췢ֲԣ̺ͣʱ񾭽ŵˣŷǼһˮͰ
Ȼͣиһ˲䣬һӰڼװϣһΣȴǷˡ
㣬Ȼ㡣
Ѫͷ͵һʱǲſ־Ҫ׽ˣ
϶¶ŵɫֲ֪ǲַ˵ĵزȴԶԶǵ
ˣܻ׽ԺͷѪҪ𣬷ȴ¶һ˿Цҽ̧
һƽڣܵĴɽ֮Ȼҽϣ˵Уҽţʱ·һΡɽޱȵĳȺء
һЦҽ͵̤ء
𲨡
һ̣ͬһΡɽײУƽĺʷǰеĴҴһζûһܱƽ⣬ƲסԼ壬ȫᣬùһģֱӲҽŵ˺
һУڱ֮½췶ΧųᱻȵȻȴ൱ǿЧ
ΨһӰģǷˡ
ûиЩ˷ӦĻᣬȺУʱסӰܣ˵Ըˣ˻¿ǹĿ꣬Ǵ˿
ǣͳͳ
ǿҵɱӷӿû˿֣ȺУÿһֶɱ׷ɳȥ˿Ѫڵء
ȵѪǴӵ𲨵ӰлָȼˣѾڵأ֪
ѪƴסԼ壬̧ǹҪɨ䣬ȴֻǰһΣһʹǹɳʮԶ
Ŀ䣬һѪؿڣǿ룬ֱࡣ
󣬷Ŀתй㡣
ҵ˭
ûмй㣬й㱻Ѫǵ˻ڵУȻǵλߵģпܾҵˡ
ɱңɱңҰǶгֻҪ㲻ɱңҪǮҶй㶼쾫ˣвµ˼㣬СȲͣĲš
Ҳɱ㡣ҡҡͷûɱйȤй㻹˵ʲôһϣݣйʹ˵
ɡ
˶Ѿ򵹣йûвʱֳԨ˳
й㣬ĶӣǺǣǶегһҵϴ󰡡ֳԨǰϳй㡣
Ҳˣ޵ĵй㡣
Ȼйǵλߵˣôɱ˵ףӦþ
ˡ
֪ʹй㣬䵽йûлĿܣңҲǸͶ״
ǿɱôˣҲ˷õ𲨣Ȼ²ܣվǸвǲ׷뿪ģ˵ģȥ͸¶ɱѪǵˣһСĻˡ
ֻҪɱй㣬λ֮ˣҵĵϵӵܣͬıͲȥ淢ˡ
ȻҲ㡣
ֳԨȻ嶯³ç˻Ǻܴģһȥһǹйĸǹݸ˹ˣԼ
ʱ򣬷ŵ񾭲ɳʱеһߣǾķ̫ĺ
ָ䣬ֳԨͻȻɫ䣬һСģ͵سǰƿ˷
~
һǹ졣
ֳԨеʹĵȥ


71 
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ͻһǹû뵽ҵսʩչ𲨣ķʮƣһڿǹ˲䷴ӦӦԡ
˵ֳԨһ
۾˲䱻ŭһ̣ҴĴţһӰҽ׷ɳѪĵǡ
Ӱ׷ˣȺݺݵϣֻô̶Ĺ˱׺ݵ赽˼װϣ߹Ǵ̴¶˳޴ζһᡣ
ˣǱߵ©֮㣬Ҳû뵽Ȼһ˴һֱû¶棬ϵһʩչ𲨴ƣûмʱѲȫŵֳԨǹ
ݺɱ˺󣬷ŭйһЩߵֳԨԡ
ŸʲôϹԨ˱ǿŵˣη֮࣬Ӳ˼ʱ򱻷һȳ⣬ʱӦ
һǹйţǹҴ˹
˿ڰ飬Ҫȷࡣ
ҡҲˡֳԨ˵ɫһƬҰףûкΪһǹȣ󣬰ҵʬʬ塭
ұ졣ԥĴĻûֳԨ˵ȥڲǽԵʱҪ¸ľ˵ϻ
У̫ܵˣҽԺֳԨеĵطһ£ۼѪɲͣ
ֳԨܵ˺أȻڻǲʱƵĻǻȥڵǣںϣȫٸϻش½ҲҪСʱʱ䣬ʱ䣬ֳԨȥüˡ
֪ϻûлңԸ˹һ󣬴󲽻ص˴Լķ䣬󣬽Ѫɺȡ˳
ʱֳܾԨģֻѪɺˡ
ͷľһѪɺҲ侫ֱ۳Ѫɺݾ裬ÿһݶܷЧסһ˵
ͬڷľĸշת˲֪ãȵ˷ʱһϢҪָ裬ȻѪɺȴû⣬ϾҹҲҪȷľ򵥡
ָסѪɺһˣ΢һһʹһָСѪɺ
˵ʯѪɺʵأûôӲ
ʣµѪɺһС򱻷ȡУȫҪĶֻĵȴš
ò˶ãһСѪɺѵһˣһεɫҺΣڷ׼õ
ֻǸͷԽԽĵɫҺδӶϿЩҺεĳ֣ѪɺɫҲԽԽȵһҺѪɺѾͨҰףľ趼ʧȥˡ
ʱǶһС̯ɫҺ壬ѪȴûѪĴ̱ζһɵ㡣
Ѫɺľˣ
˿ʱ䣬Ѿȥ˶ʮӣҵ飬߳˴ա
ôһֳԨֶЩɫ԰ֽޣǿѣʱԹȥĻԶѹˡ
ҡֳԨŬ죬˵Щʲô
ҪʣҪ˵ϰˡ˵ֳԨߣûоܾʵҲʧȥ˾ܾһһڵĽѪɺ軺ȥ
һֱȵֳԨȫ裬˿
ͬΪĵرѪɺЧȷˮֳԨȥ󣬺ܿͷã˿ڲѪɫȻûкתȴҲûмȥҲ֮ƽ
Ǳסˡ仰ֳԨûѾ˯˹ȥҲѪɺá
һԵɴ۾ֳԨı仯ԭ·ʱģڵĺƽȣľ飬ȻóʱֳԨǲΣˣһб仯ں˷˳һδ֪Һ塣
ûŵѪҺζĻһỳѪ
һĻù֮࣬Ҳ÷Ŀеӡ淢
ѪɺܱסֳԨǽάСʱ˻иãҪٶȸϻش½ֳԨ͵ҽԺβС
ڣˣй㿪һǹȥһǹйԴЩˣҲûӵ˶ǹһɨɵ
ˣҵˣһڡ
ڷ£ʬ嶼ӽգ䴩˴ףˮʱӿ˽
ҵĴʮʬ˴󺣣ٶȣ½ʻȥ


72 ٻС
ҪѪɺľܼ򵥣ͬģѪɺѿҪ֮Ҳܡ
ˣסֳԨ󣬷̻ص˴գʣѪɺȡ˳һ̲ͣ衣
СʱһεɫҺεڷ׼õУѪɺͨҰףʧȥá
ССķ˱ǣ˾ʢæãȴûие˿ƣǰѪսеľĵõ˻ָ
΢΢εĺɫҺ壬¶˷֮ɫ
Ӧжʮݡܿó˽ۡ
Ѫɺͬڷľߵÿһξ趼طഺȻѪɺȴҪﵽһ󻯵ķãԽ٣άʱҲԽ̡
ǣҲԽԽãϾЧҲСʱάСʱΪ׼Ϊһݣжʮݡ
ӦùˣȻὫѪɺ趼ġ
ˣ½ˡ洫һ󼱴ٵĽŲæĸ档
ص½ҲǻСʱѡ
ѪɺСʱãڻʣСʱ
ۺĺˮϻûмˣ⿿ǰѶſҲǼġ
ţ֪ˡ۹ʵԺʲô㣿
˵Ǹɵҵˣҹģһ仰Ժʲôȫġţ̬ȼ
Ҳ룿
ǵġ
ͷȻĵҪԼǿȴҲãϾǲһ£ǿԼá
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û˵ʹӦôˣҪزپҵҲѡ
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ѹǰŽǲܵģΨһõǵĵطҲǳˡ
ĵرڶ࣬϶гʱһԼĴͲ鷳ˣҹԼ£ԼԺȡҲٵܶ˼ɡ
һһȥЩɱֵܣһΪǵʽԺᷢչôͿԼˣҲܡ
⻰һĲ
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ҪһȵĴӣԼҪʱʱܳ˽һУԲϷҪ
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˫ֵ󣬶﷫ϣٶȸС壬С岻ǺԶһСʱ͸ϵˣţ˱һȺǹʵʿסˡ
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ųֳԨֳԨڴϣˡһʿӴϳ档
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١ų󾪣˴ȷȷʵֳԨ󣬴ϲ֮Ǵ󾪣ֳԨеȻˡ
ϰҽԺ㣬ϡųˣ϶亹ֳԨʲô£ܳġ
£һ̿˹ֳԨ۵糸ҽԺ
¹شųͷ˸绰Կһֱźˮ˵ǵľĴ绰
ǸԶӵ绰ﴫһĻ׹ֳԨȥô۵꣬ͷԲ򵥡
Ĩ˰Ϻˮųߵ˹ǰ俴ǡ
ץһ£Χʿ̰ѹ˰ڵأûз˵ã֮ǰҲ׼
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֪һ㣬ûͬһƢǲĴȻֲֳԨǷͻõİ취ˣ̬չȥǲΣյġ


73 ּ
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ӼճһߴװӣһܣʱװӢȴȫൽ˼㣬üĿ䣬ƺŷ籩
УǸСųӭ
װƳһۣԨģ
ڼȥųҵֳԨǾˣֻھȻǰȴӵĳ٣֪װֳԨĹϵ
ֳֳԨĸ磬УΣӪְ񣬾ǣ˵񣬲һССųġ
˺ܿϵ˼ҡ
С巢˵ֳԨų˰˸سõҽԺȻȴû̶ֳԨ͵ҽԺİСʱһֱɻҽԺ¥ϣٺʡҽ漱ҴҵĳͶ˶ֳԨľεС
ҽǱּҵġ
һ㣬ּܿҵ֮
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ҽҵܵôֳһ֪Էʱ䣬յ˵˲Ҫ߰˸СʱȻȴһʱ䶼ûѵ˵ֳЩȥˡ
һȭǽϣֳȦˣֳԨܵܵĹϵãֵܴС֣ȴкʱ
УˡֳľٶҽϷӦæͣеĺܳɹܵûˣֻҪһʱͺá
ģֳϲ
ţ漣ֻ˵ܼܵˡҽɻ󲻽ҡҡͷʵϣʱġ
ǹȥĸСʱһ·ϻСʱˣˣȻֳԨȴѰĺã״̬ǸոǹСʱҽ׾;γɹ󲻽⡣
ֳԨѹʱѾתеһҽԺվżˡ
֡衢磬ǡƣ۾ˣֳԨסˣļڶϻ˹ȥôһ˲Լĸĸ͸綼ˣ
ˡ
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ֳԨһ飬ͻȻ뵽⣬ԼеԶ½ĺϣӦûĿܰ
Сӣ㲻Ҵ³Կ˰ɡֳǰ˵ܵһȭû̫ȻڳȻȴЦݣа˼
ֳԨֿ죬ЦЦ
ߡһŭߴӺ洫ֳʱèƵģɫһ˺棬ֳԨҲ¶ɫ
һԺ󳤵ӡָˮȳһûж˵ʲôֳԨոѣ廹ҪݺݽѵҲҪ
㵽С忴֣Żһ˽Ȼںǿ˳ͻǹˣֳԨһЩͿѯˣֳͰ಻ס
˵ģǴӹʳġ
ҵ˽սɱǼʮˣй㶼ˣɱ˹Ҳ˵
šֳԨһתҲû˵ʵ
ָɫһ˵©ٳƭǡ
ֳԨɴಱһŤˣӾĺܣԸ˵ٱҲûá
˺ˣԨŻͺˣȥľȥɣԨԺһٺˡĸƲϳԲ
磬ЩأֳԨһɣ˷ǣ׷ʵ
Ȼû£ȻҾǷˡֳں˵˼ǻֳԨĶˣȻټѺȥ
˵ֳת˲˸绰ȥŷˡ
٣֪ʲôǵļ飬ʼձǹСʱǰֱ̫˼ˡʱ򣬲ΨһһֳԨʶ˵ˣҽҽ
ҽȣָҲ¶ע顣
ֳԨʱҲ뵽ˣԼӦȥˣȻʵȴԼúõڲ
Сʱ𡭡ԺһֳԨԼǰιԵĶʱģȵʲôֻǵú㡣
ⲻʲôҪܵ£ֳԨԭԭ˵˳
Ǹˣ˭ָüͷ
зֳԨ¶ݵ飬Է֣Ǽ˵ڷ
ȥе졣ֳ¶˼飬ָҲˣȴ벻֡
֪ǰֵǷķˮµнġĸŮԣүǣעⷽϢ
ôһ˵ֳָҲˡ
ԨȻģּǷһ顣ָ


74 ı
ּҡ
ҵ绰¶˼֮ɫ
ղǸ绰ǹģֳԨȥС壬űѺѶһЩίֳԨһϾ͸ıˣǰץǵǸҳŵԸһĲ
ʱ򣬹Ѿص˶ţ绰龭㱨һ飬ֳԨѾûµĺϢ⣬ֳԨļҷʾлֳ֪Ԩ棬к󣬾ʹ⣬˵պȥݷá
ּҵĸм⣬ֳԨΪ˻ּҵ飬ΪֳԨΪһǹֳԨֻǺޱͨˣϧһѪɺ衣
ּ壬û˵ֻٺʡЩ˽⣬ط֪ĺˣٺʡֻҴ壬û˵ʲôּңȻּӦòٺʡĿǰƺҪھӡ
ҡҡͷջ˼עŵ˵ϡ
һ̨ڲŶԶ˼½ʮֻּ״κеı滹жԶгרãĿ٩٩̸֮ʣ߶ȱԶ˼ţδ˵ƴΪõȵȡ
ԿûнƵ飬֪йѶϾŹȥһѣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱȥǴйǶͣȴһʱǺ顣
һЦص˵ӡ
Ѫɺ֣ûмŻУγѰȫû˵˼ȻҴѷˮľ޴棬ȴǣɥĲɱ˼ʮ޹ֳԨǲҪ˷Ϊ÷ʼձһ
ɵйˣȫй
ң»ûꡣ
ҺݺһѵǺԼΪ¶Լ׺ݵһ棬Լֻ¶۵һ棬ԺиˣͷϾԺ󻹻бȷˮĵر
˭צӣҪݺݵն
⣬ǷҪ֪ģԺ˭Լ⣬ǵúúõɡ
պ
Զ˼ʴʮֻ֣Żˣ˵ףڴ
Сʱҹ
ųҹɫĽӽ˻֣ȻԶͱ״﷢ˣûʲôػ޷ֹſ󣬴ߵķ̤˻ּװ塣
Զ˼ţҵĺĲҵʮ־֣ҲеĴֱʣǻֱֵڣ˵Ļˡ
˾ȻϹˣ״򵹣һȫᣬβɷ
Ҫãϵķͱ
Щˣûֻ֣ͨˣΪҹѣѪЩ֮ͽǴ˴¡
Сʱһıըֵײ©ˮʼ³
صţٶʧҹĻС
ϵ˾ʧ룬ȿֺСͧһпĶƴ뿪˻֣û˿תһ֡
ңҵıϣŻֳû
ʮֻ֣뺣ףȻ޷˽ǣҲҪʹѡ
غŵĶ󣬺ܿ뿪ֳ
ԷʵԲøҵı㴳Ҵլɱ¾Ҳǲܣһʹ˵ߣƱػᱻȦִ˵ỹùŭԸ
ҪҲҪֶΡ
ֳûϢٶȴ˶С
绰ƴ𣬴ҹѵŭͨ˵绰
˭һɣ͵ųҵŭɡŭ
ˣֳûˡͲﴫʧ
ʲô仰ʱˣȷԼû˵ˣ彩סˣеĵ绰Ȼڵء
ټĻ֣һ˸ըԷĿĲΪ˽ٲƣҲΪɱˡ
ǳıգ˽
ҵıشʧһصĶ⣬ҵϡ
ҵĳ˺ܶ࣬һʱҲû뵽˭̶ֲֳ֪ȴǲ֪û뵽
ֳ£ϸоϵӣȻζϵϣǰǴȴûзκκۼ
գ˴飬ԼϵϵĲȷйѪǵ˵ѶϾִͨѶ㣬ŵĻ϶ϵˣһֱ޷ϵʣֻһܡ
ӵϢʱ￪ᡣ
һǣһ̶ʱڣӶ⣬Ĵĳ
ǰľģֻǰڣ漴һѪ˳赹ڵء


75 
һǷġҽԺѹ˼룬뵽˷ϡ
Ҫ˵ûйɱ񶼲ţҵģֻһˡ
Ҳֻɱй˵ĶҲſܶҵĻֶ֡
϶ԽȥԽȷԼĲ²⣬˸绰ȥһһµӽ˲
硣˵һ䣬վһԲ˵ˣ쳣ĵ͵ĵĻע⵽ﻹôһˡ
췽ﶯֵ¼Ը
ĸ£ʮˣһֱĹӸΡ
շִԶڵĵطм¼񣬽ʱ龰¼ֻûѷһ£ϾܴܶԸǹе˲ûмӣڼȻɻֳûй֮ǷģȻͻϾйȥģһȺֳǹе֮ͽȻǶûһҲǱɵˡ
ǡӦһת˳ȥСʱһӰ
в¼豸ܿͱֵһΡ
У£δ߳ʮףԹȥ̸ɾ䣬ûаˮ
һĻͫķӦǲֻͨˣ֪ǿǿʲô̶Ⱦûоˡ
ôʵ
ǿٶ൱ˡĬ£ԶԶǶ֡
Ȼ׹¶ֱ֪һʮҲǳ֣Ȼȴ˵ԼԶԶǷ֡
ɱ˹ǵĻ֡ͺţ˵Ұޡ
ޱȵȷǷ֡
Ȼûȷ֤ݣǶ˵һĳƲ㹻ͿԶˣʲô֤ȷ䣬ǾͷͥҪ¡
Ҫɱˣȥϵɱ֣һڣҪͷŤѾһеҪǺҾͲţɱֶɲ
ǡĬĬӦһ˳ȥ

Уׯ԰
վڰǰŽ׵ֳֽëʣܱʼ顣
־ߣ¾ֻֽϡ
³зһЩ£һɺͷйءɵĸׯɳ㱨
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ׯǽҵĳͻ˵˳
ȥ˶Уⲻʲô˵ܣɺ׾Ͳ˳˵һͷ֮ĹϵȻҲɡ
ԶͻɴйȥԸԼշõĻֳû¼ѪԵȵȣׯһһ˵
ɾţ¶˼֮ɫҷͻֻС£ԷԸ񣬲ڻȥŪҵĻ֣еˣ˵ͷ޹أ̫ˣҹǻֳûҲôĴ϶ǲ֪顣
üͷ΢пɲҵĵ̣ܲ鵽ҵĳͻͲˣڷںϵѪսȴǸ
ˣйûͻȻʵ
ӦûûСׯ㶣Щȷ˵
ҿ˳йȥ˶ˣǷ֡ɵʮֿ϶
ҲΨĴѪԡ
ҵʮֳֻûӦǷľ棬ɲǽҿģǸ˵ľ档
¶һĨĪЦݣ˵
棿ׯһ
ףСӣǳϰصĺƣ˭Ҳ֪Ȼôǿ֣ǺǣֵܣԺҪٴˣҪúõˡ
¶֮ɫ˵˾ٲסˣ붯ֵĻ϶ῼǵܷܡ
ȷûʲô֤ȷ֤ЩǷɵģڻ϶ֵʱ򣬷ҲǴߣȷ֤ݵĻ͸Ǿˡ
ǶԣҪȷ֤ݣͿȷЩ¶ǷģҲǷųľ棬Ͼûôɺϵ飬˳֤Լֵˡ
վɵĽǶȣҲ൱ͬľٶģϾĵرջֵ̫׺һ㣬뱣סԼĶ
³⣬˵ǿز𣿡ׯɻЩţҲֱԼ൱ţׯԸ԰첻¡
˵ŵ֮ͽˣǻ֣ȻͨˣмˣҲܲסã˲ʱĻӶӲ˵ըˡ
֣ׯ޷
Ǹȥǿ׳꣬ô
ΪʲôܣһЦȴǷɿһ˿壺簡Զ㿴ĻҪĶࡣ


76 
ǿгǷҵıҲǶľ档
ȻָľҲͳЦˣһҴ壬ôġ
֮ôҪչ¶ģԼ̬ȡ
˭ҴԼ⣬Ҿǵǰ֮ҪСķı
̬ȶԼҲ̫ˡ
ˣˣҪǵҵıҵǺԼĹϵѣ˷ûǼٺʡȥܷչݱͷ
ǿۣ֮½
ϴ󣬱֮½ٶȱʱգҲʽ˴½ʼٺʡţʱѾһСسǱϯֻǾвСľ룬ȻٶȳģҪУҪ֮á
ɫɢڴϣγһƬ溣ǿӿţ͸ոͻʱȣɫЩһ㣬Ǳ֮½ˣܸӦһб仯Ҳֲᷢ㡣
Ǳ֮½չűϯĴغԽԽ࣬ɫԽԽ̺ҲԽԽγԭ֮ƣһ׶Ρ
Ȼڻ硭Ҫȱ֮½ŵʮƽֻʲô׶Ρ
ջ񣬿ʼڱ֮½ΧϸѰ
һ죬ûҵĵرǱߣҲûʲôͣųƱ׼С
˴ĿѾʵ֣еڶƳֲ뷵ˮƷзһѪɺ
ѪɺȫʤһɫڵڶƷҪˣʵ̫ûҵĵرĻҲӦ԰취衣
ĵرǿȥҾҵģҲļĵȴű֮½ţǲ˵־ΪıġжһǵȣȻѡУϾǲġ

ǰеĳϣһʱֵŮͻȻͣסˣϸ˼ۣŴһЩȷ˳
ȻתͷŮӵòеЩϤǡ
ѩǺǣ㲻ϵˡŮЦżҫҲѹϲңܶ˶˵Ǹ̫̫ı仯Ҳܴ󰡣Ҳϲ
ǰķڵȴǰԼȻͬҲѹѩϴˡ
ѩüͷ΢壬ڼϸһҳԷϣ֪ԷԼĴѧͬѧѩ֪ϲΪӡĻ֪α顣
Уƺѩ׷Լܾˣٺѧʱ򣬷ȻʲôУݣǳĸ߸ߴӢвŮ׷󣬿ϧʱķ
뵽˵ͷǴк̬Ȳ䲻ȡ
ѩ飬Ա졣
ԷͬѧҲö򣬶ҵԼ˺Ҳģʮ仰涼ѩ˵һ䡣
ѩľ˽һЩ
ѩҲѾѧҵڼ˵İ¼ˣƺǼһСϰ壬˸̫̫ͬѧѩǻĺܲˣҲ˼ҫ
ϰأ۷ϲ۵·ѩ̲סƲƲ졣
ҵҡҡͷҲûҪȥҫʲôҲȷûΪκ˹տʼ·ѪսˣѰĵرҲûҪ̫õ·
Ҳѹ֣㱻ѧУˡ˼˵ʵѩȴΪҲٺѧǵϵһ۵㣬ҲҲǲܣɣϹĳﻹȱ֣ȥϰɣнǧ
ҿǿǡţĳѩĳ㻵ΪǰԼܾԵʣҪԼֵԽ֮飬ûʲô˵ġ
кܿ쵽ˡ
߳վֻѩһ˹
ϹǺǣһȥԸɣҽʶѩɫȻŹ¡
Щưĵ˵ͷҲûкͳԼĳȥһʮĴڡ
ˡЦЦ
ʱһųԶͣ˷ǰ
ܡһʮ򿪳ţΧĲ˶źųָָ㣬Ľ
꣬Ǻųרְ˾ˣϳǰ͸˵绰ʱԼ
š
ƽĵ˵ͷֱ˺˾Ѹϳﳤȥ
һĻѩɷʱɵˣþûлعζ


77 
ڷصеʱҲҵԸɱ֣һ޷Χڵ֪ɱ֡
ԷʵˣɹٸѶ񣬺ʧֵʱɱ߹٣Ҳ߻С͵ĿֲϮԸӦû⡣ɱֵϱ
ṩϣ˵Ŀʵ̫ǿ޷ԿҪʱȥﱸаһɱҪҲͣھҪ500򣬶Ҫȸ100򶨽𡣡
˿𣿡ü
Ӧÿԡ룬
Ҫò񣿡ʵĵ⣬ڵ޲̸ɵԽͷ֮ޡ
Էû˵Ҫʱ׼Ҳ²¡ԥ£˵Ҳ֪ʵˣԿɱֿûʤ㣬ҪʱȥĵĿΪɣҵõ©Ȼҵһɱ
ҵȲôáĻ˻֣ĿֱųһҸ1000һܸɵҸ3000򡣡
ǡüëһ漴ƽͨɱֵϵʽ

~
һ׵绮ʣ¡¡ĳҲδ
ˡ
ܣǻرȥУ˾Сͷѯʡ
Сԥ˵
˵ҲлѩϵȻеˣôҲҪȥһۣҷҲԼİš
ųܿ쿪ɽ·ſͣ
ܡ
ܡ
νȥôûٱԼԱסˣֱ¥ƿлѩİ칫ҡ
ףлѩڿİʱ̧ͷһ㷢ϴ£м
˾⣬˶ûолѩҲֱŽ
еΣָָͷлѩɳʵ
лѩɫ΢죬ְ㷢۵Ժ󣬽һ࣬˵̬Ⱦ档
ǵЧտʼȷвί죬ֿʼҲû̫࣬ǱȽȶˣٹһʱ䣬ǾͿԾٰһͨˡлѩ˼ά˵
ġ˵ͷԼ뿪ǻľЧͷȷң¼վƽϢȥĸ֮߳ǰĴƲᱬ
һʩҲյ˳Ч٣ҵĴѹӭж⣬һǰǺݺˡ
ͨ飬ȫȨá˵ȻлѩҪƷᣬеĹģСͨһģʽûиѡϾƷٰʱ仹ңԶлѩΪеܾȻʱץһץ
лѩ˵ͷ
ڶƷ׼ЩθڣȻȵ£ǽҿյףյܺõЧǶԣͷԽԽðʱƽȥһҪסǵĹעʱʱŪһЩϢĴƲֵڴ˵
ô˵ȵȣҵϡƷˣлѩ˷˼ʱϲĴ
΢΢һЦҲ
ҪлѩģǽһЩѪɺȥȻҪǶǣȥģζ²ʲôʼţȵµĵһνЧ
ֶΣҲעһֱϣᱻתƣӶҲԽԽġ
ѪɺǱˣı巽Ҳûжȡ˳лѩ
ˣ⼸£ûдµĻͲҪ뿪С뿪֮ǰʲôصĶһ䡣
֪һȡֱҲ֪ԷıںʱԼȻǲ壬ĵԼߵܵ˺ֻҪУҲϾǷҵĵ̡
лѩЩԣȻô֣ص˵ҲΥһӦ
е󣬷ٴ˦ƹ񣬳źųȥ˾סı
뿪УҲһңȴǾ˲ٵ£÷ЩƣصУŰʱҲǸҵܰ
סССıԽԽһļˡ
ͣһ۽γüСϲпˣγĵΣҲɳģֻ˭
ûйؽֻţ˵һƣžͿˡ


78 ǲ
ĸˣڣİŮʮͣŮ档
գŶİŮЩӵģӿȥ˭Ҳ벻Ľ㡣
ˡſڵĶ˶˹߽ʱϲĴɳĺİһۡ
硣ҲһľϲһŮҵĹһ㡣
ЦŮ˵ͷİˣλǣ
ߣһȻһ㶼ð
Ǹסɣڣװģȥмַȣȴɳϣû˿վ˼ⶰķš
üͷһ壬Էһۣϲµǵ⡣
ⶰΪɷԵʣס˶˻þ˹֣ҲΪֹ˸⣬÷˸ˣֻ1000ס˽
ǮͰͲ࣬ҲֹܿӰж󣬷ԼˣŻᶨô͵ļ۸
ȷסжʯɷֹӰ죬һֱ˳˳סڶûг⣬Էסˡ
Ϊİɣ˵1000ȷ̫ˡԷڵңûҪںСǮҪǾһЩɣں
С°ǺǡǸ긾Ů۾ЦⱦģźķۣһЦʱһЩ۵
㲻֪жɶ񡣡ˣŷŭǰžˣҪǼۣʱҺͽ㶼ͬˣΪ5000ֹ˵ǰŶµûͬ⣬㣬ҪٶึһЩˡ
ҵСֲҳ޷ĵʱںСǮȻԷ޵ľٶȴǼŭ
ǵóˣ᲻´һˣ˵ǰµĲ㣬ٴҪȥûû˵ģᷳŭ
۾ȻԷǿֹˣоԿˣǰʧһιֻŮӣȻΪۣ̰˼淢Ĳʰˡ
ǴҪ𣿡ʵ䵭
һ򣬺Ǻǣôãλֱһ򣬲߰ɡЦһӾͰַһ
αô鷳ⶰǮҪˡ
Է޲ԼٹӣҲҪǣϾ£ɷԴ൱Ȥİѷˣֻǰһֱûзϡ
ӣһ˰ˣɴࡣ
޶һۣЩ˷ܣӿڣ1000͹ˡ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣƷֵ300򡣡
СﲻҪѪˣⶰȷֵôۣǵݵλõǣǺǣʵҲûϵֻҪÿ½򣬻ǿԼס˹˵
΢䣬ԼĴ㣬֪ԼǮȻۣ赭дְѷһ˻̰
1000𣬵׼ԩǮ
Ǹⷿǲˡҡҡͷ˵㻨ǮϢˣȻԷʶô̰ûеߣҲЭżҲˬ
㶣һתֵʵһҲˣû취˭ء
ˣ1000Ҳˡ
ˣˡµɫѿ͸еʮֳ죬ǰܵҲй˳
1000⣬ǵɫʱѿӵĻҲٿȻˣϰ
ǾͰߣǽͿסˡЦЦ⡣
ˣֹ²ʲôⷿҽûԼסʡ˷ˡ
⻰ʵ÷˵޶ں룬ǸͲҪˣԲǵ
ʲôֹǶϹ˵סôãҲû𣿡ӹЦмĿŷΪֹŻ
һЦû˵ʲô
ʱҲҵס̰ԣ϶Լס
СŻңŴ𣿡תЦ˵һ䣬СΪ֪ڶС
ưɡ۾Ŀŷ޳š


79 
硣֪ʲôʱߵ˷ԴʹţҪȻҪȻɣҡ᲻á
űĲãⲻᣬԣҲкܰĻ䣬ͬĵڶңкܶ˼档
1000ңҳ磬ңҲ˵ûǮƺʲôæ
ЦЦСԴ࣬һȴûж㿪ֻ۾ȴǻҵĽˣײߺһƬ
ӵ飬ֻʱȥˣò˶ãͻġջ֣ɫ
ӲȱǮ׾ó1000򣬹ؼǶԷûеߵ̰ŭ
ţ㡣ôһ˵˵ͷԥѡš
~һɵĿŷһתĵԣסֱ۴Ȥ㣬ʲôʱϵôˣҽɴİġ
ģС߲֣ȥ˵ȥ
һˣ˿ʼҡ
Ķ࣬ŮӼҼҵģ٣ȫҪǶ֣֣Χػŵıھ˹ðæᶫ
ЩڣǲܳԿˣΪʲôЩڽޣĻشǣҪý㾡İ˽ӴȻԷһйֵľٶЩ̾ͻᴳúýѵǡ
òһСʱ˵ĶˣȻò˶þܻҲЩ̣ɶһֽš
ãǻׯ԰ȷӵǻʵûн⵵£Ҳʱ뿪ȵҵıȥȷȫٻ
Ͼҵı϶̫ãʱ䳤ֻΪ˷
һӣԡ
һ뿪ģߵƫƧһǣ۵ĶʯУ۾΢΢
ǶԷ޳ʲôмɡ

һߣԼСʱͣ˱ſڣ޴ӳһϣҲֺ󺺡
滹꣬ЩʪæĽ˱
磬Ƿ˰סⷿӣʵ̫ߵˣǶ½š뷿ͬ󺺣űĲã׷̾
Żׯںӣסߵķӣֻе۾ˡ
ֵܼͰĵס죬ǺǡЦǺǵкˣЩ硣
ȷֹȴµĽҲûôҵˣûκΣֻסҲֹ֤Ե֤ݣ⼸ׯںҲΪ׳׳
һ࣬׳
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ǵⶰȻװһһ˵Ҫк巢ӵʺϾסĳ̶ȲסȻΪ˲˷ʱ䣬ȴǿ̱İѱ⣬ⷿ˳екֺ
֪һסûͱŽҽԺǵڶģֹĻ˳ȥǰ𽵵һ1000ûסЩֹԣҲǲסټıеģѷ۵İοסôöû£̲µѾֹˣȻˣǵȻסˡ
ȹӣԩͷȥûҲԼסСŻӣЦˡӵ
ʱܿȥһҹ޻
һ죬ûзκ쳣¼÷޸ƶֹʲôģѾˡ
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80 ĸо
йй
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ƽʱڵϲˣʱҲֽ֪ŲõĴӵһ߿޺ţһܣǱʲô׷һ㡣
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81 ɱ
һɱ֣ǰɱֽ紳˲СͷɱһеģյĽҲ⣬ɱ֯ˣѡǵɣȻҪЩ֯ɱ٣Ҳ󣬵ʤȫԼģûԼ־֡
һУĬĴը׷ɱͬھ󣬶еԽǿҡ
ٸһƱǮ˳һС
Ҳʱҵͽ۽磬ı۸ȻĶһڸɵĿ꣬1000ڸɵĿ꣬3000һˡ
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Ϊõ߽3000򣬶̾һڸɵеʱ򣬷Ѿס˾Ƶ꣬öǣ⼸㲻ṳ̂ƵһҲᡣ
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뿪䣬첽߽ݣ۾΢΢ţȴʼտۣĿꡣ
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ʱѾת⣬ͷֱ߾500ס
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Сʱ󣬳⳵ʮĽͣ
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82 ɱ
ǰףһĹΧûʲô˼ңĶǧ֮⡣
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Ķ˶̵ע⣬ְҵɱ֣ĶֲСȻ
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һȭȥҪ˶̵İعǾϣſڵһ¶ѡ
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µĶ࣬ǹе⣬ֻһЩƷпذסԿ׵ﱻֱԹˣȻһСӣȴ˷ע⡣
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֮ԼĸоӦĳĵرһܳʱ䣬մȾһԷϢ
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83 ɵĺ
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84 ֳ
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85 ּҵŭ
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ǸˡԱǸ˳ȥ
ôһֳŭʱϨˣ
йѾˡ׼ȷ˵ֳԨйһǹ
ˡֳŭһ֪סˣǡ
ֳߵʱоŵŭȻ£ô򵥵ƽϢȥ
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йˣǱȴңҹ̰췽ķˮôֳԨˡ
˵ԴǷҵìܣҪ˵ҲѲ˸ϵȻȴܺߣǱԶϵģҷҲǾֳԨһܵ˵ԷǸмӶ࣬ȴǰŭȫתƵͷϡ
ǺǣͿϷɡ΢΢һЦּٺʡ֮ļжҲǺĽ

кֳųֱʡԼСʱͳٺʡ
ȵҹĻٵʱֳһסլǰ˳ɭϣ˶ǳǹʿסŵĶǴȻǾǣȴҲԶԶûпֱʸ
ţô
·ϣżɢˣֳǱϹϾ˿иӶͦǹһ㡣
ߡһԶֳ˰Ϻˮ۲Զסլɵ˿ط񾭻ǲСѹȰһ£ҲǲԸġ
󲽲ֳһһŵլǰš
ôˣһһʯӹţֳվʱһ㶡
壬ǺǣҹʺүӣˣҰɡֳʵ
ţүأҪҪȥЦЦ˵
𣬱ҿɲȥ̨Ұְɣ˵һֳæҡͷүƢĺܣﱲҪϿɲҽȥ
ߵ̨ϣֳ̲סһ
һŲֳȥĸס
ʲô£ָһֱǲЦġ
֣֪˭˳Ԩˣʲȥ㲻֪Ԩʱǲ˰ֳȦһ죬
˭ֳָԨò𰸣֪ԼĴӿ϶ȥҳ𰸵ģ˵׼
ҡֳҧгݵŰ龭˵һ顣
Ҳܹһ֮ʣ£ǻҪԼ飬˵ָ̨ϵˣҲǺġ
ӵ˴ŭ
Ǽ令̵ˣȻӶûʲôɫڱԼĸ飬ֳֵܵ۰ȴ˿κ˲Ǿˣ·ҲӲģϸĿοֻԼİʽ
ңǴۡ
ּҵκ˵ͣĿ٣һ죬龭ˮʯһЩغͺѪս⣬µľֳȴȻˡ
û˵ѡ
ֳԨͷҲȷɺϣûκοĳɷݣų˷أ˵ֳԨһˡֳԨˣҪϾΣܵʱйֳ֪֪ԨݣǺʵģǵΪŭˡ


86 ͷö
ٺʡҴ壬ȻŵȫΧڲʲôҲ޷ּȣٺʡǶһ飬ȴǺѺģ£Ҫүүк
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ּҵĸҪھӣڵطϵӰ˵ҲҪΪͷߵңȴвСѶȣҪүӳ棬Բȫ
үүǳ棿ֳʵ
Сӣʲôѵһ䣬ԺȴǸʱԼܵίүӷĻ棬ɵЩܰ
ԼĻ̣ҲǴү̳йİ
ٴǴɭϵסլ
Ӽô̾ٴιΪүӾûж˵ʲô˽ȥ˲ã鷿洫һĴ죬ǲ豭ˤ춯֪үƢ֪
үӣŭˡ

ˣ֪гƢܲ΢Сͻ·һƣϿա
г칫ڣеĲ豭طϣһ죬ɫ쳣
һֱڵɱֵĺϢȻʮȥˣжȴǺö˶˵Ļţŭ쳣֮ƽȻûʲôɫʱҲĲɡ
һ3000ˡ͵°칫վҪȥ͸͸
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硣һ㶣绰ģΪĳĴ磬Ҳҵļ㡣
ֵܵĹϵãƽʱͻȻȴǲ²͸Է˼
ڸʲô绰ǱߣܵͣȻ˭óǿѹŭ𣺡ɸҴ绰Ȼû˵ھǣ²Ҫ̫֡
ɣҲؿһɻҲ̫ˣܲңҵ£òŴ֡
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˵꣬žĹ˵绰
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ǣô֪ģ
Ҫ˵֪ԼΪ񲢲֣Ͼڵ飬ģҲ֪ĻǾֻһܣɱֱ¶ֻ߳ȴʧˡ
ȻһǴķƵѪ
ʧˣûзвΣִⱨѾۣһˣȻûжһȴǴһӴڵء
ʵٱٶг̰ۻ¸˽ȨΪе˽ṩɡȵֱͱʡʡίҲǰδеרפһʱ䣬Ҫ˫ķԷϡ
ΪӰڶӣĹͣˡ
Ҵٶܵ˴üƼɲ£ȻΪ̳ϵĻ
̳ϷণҵҲûõȥܵ಻ľѻʧأҺϵѲҲȻϸ࣬˽ΪҵĺҲܵһЩӰ졣
һȭʱҸˣԷڣһ̬˶⣬û˯İȡ
֮£ѣĵˣûкùӳԣҲҪ츲ء
ʱգæĽͷöҪ̽˭ҪԸңתأʼΪȻܿųˣһŪôĶҪ½ǼҲһĴܰ쵽ġ
Ȼδ̽ó˲ٴۺŵȴʼ޷֪˭ָʹģֻ֪һλϱ棬ڶԸҵˣҲǿ˵ϣȻҲǴѹˣҪȴûô򵥣ΪҴ壬ҵĵ̲ǳˮµҲý߹˼ɡ
ЩˣȻǳүӵģҪǳӲǲܵġ
Ҳ֪ˣ֮ԻܵѹкܴĹϵ̸ֵһΣȴ˭Ҳ޷˵˭һŭ֮£ʽѣڲ⵽˳صĴ
ȵ䶨ûеȴԪˣ㱻ҴУʧء


87 ³˫
ҿ˵ʧأûмǱָˣùһ㣬ôһ겻Ҳпܡɵӵ绰ﴫε𾪡
ѹ֮һ֪սҲ̲ס˵绰
ټң˭ȥѹ±ҧһ𣬳˷⣬벻ˡ
Ȼ⶯ȴǳɵܰ쵽ģ֣õ绰һߵΪء
ЦһҲЩ𾪣ʣּҳˣԷȻزҲ÷ʮ⡣
أʵ
Щм󲿷ìͷǳȥģĺãٹһʱ䣬Ҫǰȥ˴ϣžͻݣжʵȨˡ
ǰһӴˣֵַʧȥ˼ҲһͷӰˣжв
ֱּʵȷǹݵģϸ룬Ҳ֮УҪֳ֪ԨǲǷѪɺľ豣סּڵõģһʬ壬ּΪ֮ŭӦڵĴ󶯾ֳԨּҲǿп޵ˣŻ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ǷĻȡıֻּҸݡ
ΪףﻹӵõּҴסûбֱ˫Ŭתĳɹ
ǲвˣǹȥڱǰһЩַ֤ǺЧģƽʱ˵˵
Ӧһɵжϵʮͬ
ҵĳԹҪߣ̨ˣȻΪ塣
δҿ϶˿ڼָԹ˲Ͼﻹҷ鷳˺֮ĳԹҲûǰѽ⡣ο϶ỳɣαѹɱȥɱйأƵ£ΪҼҲᾡֹ
һΣŭ˶Է˵ҾͲˡ
ȻʵȻˣڵңҲðա
ֵĵ˭ɻ̲ס˳ҲζҵĴѹһλǰ棬ǵ˭Ҳǲ֪顣
ֻ֪֡ԥ£Ǿ˵˳Ͼɶ
֡ɵһƺ뵽˭Ҵ˵һ󣬾͹˵绰
˰
ҵ绰չֻ֫ûɣŷظĳ졣
ԭͷôԸңû뵽ֳĵȴǲգҵ½ˡ
ּǷԼ飬ǻˣٷΪġ
³˫С
ᵽǰ仰
úֽ˸绰ϴġ
ǰʱ䣬Ͻǰסıֹ鴫ȥ˽ͼԸ£һֱǱߡ
ʱⷿԼֱ߱ӷȥˣòܷӿܻԼʵ
ǣҪˣһҾ͹ܿ˵
¥ȥǰ̨ѷӸˣԺԼʽļңüסƵꡣ
˱ϺͷѾˡ
ӳϵǽһʣϲµǷֹǷųȥġ
ԭ㡣ҧгݵĵŷ
ʲôҷųȥģʵ˵ûֹ𣿡Ϻȳһ䣬תͷֶԷ磬ֹǱ˰ɣֵ
𣬱𡣡⻰һ˵޶ʱˣ˷ﻹҵõңֲֹס
ģֻһ£ҲֹǷġ
ȥ˵һ߽˱
ǵڶʣ·ңģҽȥʵڶӰˣϴαŻȥҽԺ˺üŸҳԺ
ȥɣϹ죬ҳ긾Ů
صͷ
һŲǵӣֻҪе紵ݶͻ֮ززûκ״˽˱˷Ƕ档
˵˵ôɡ
300򡭡Ӹ˵ڣϾЦ
ʲôЦΪڱ𣿻300򣿡
⡭Ǿ200150򣿡ʼƽиûף̫ѱȥˣڵޱȵĺڣ֪ˣͲṵ̀ѱöá
˵ɣԸ١һֱû̬ӿɥûˡ
ҲռǱˣ֮ΣҲˣȷֵ300򡣡ҡҡͷڿڡ
Ը⣬϶һͼ±ⲻǷԼ׼
סˣʵû뵽Ȼϳ300
׼תðɡûԼǧлķޣվ˵


88 
±󣬷ȫԼļҡ
ң
ϤİĴʣ÷пǧǰĸȥʱͷ֮оû˼ңҵĴլֵܣ̫ܵİۺͳǵֻᣬû˿ܰĻ䡣
ǰͰ˷ҴլסѧУⷿסȻû˵ʲô˿޶ȴʼջ֮ȥȵкתס󣬿ʼ˼ҵĸоȻʱıסĵطǱ˵ģ÷ٵʲôֱʱǳװ
ӽԼļˡ
һתܶ뷨̾Ͳͬˣǰסʱ򣬷ٰŪĲüҾ߻ȣΪȱͬУȴ˺úһ˼
ԭеļҾ߶ҪҪµġ
ĲúͻƣҲҪŪ÷ʡµǣΪֹԵʣⶰס˵ʱ䲻Ҳܿ챻ˣסʱסˣΪװޱֵĺܺãǱȽģҪװ޹ֻҪ˼ҾߵʲȻ°ڷžˡ
һסģûҪסһʱ䣬ҳԼҺԺܵҲԾסܹ¥һ¥䷿¥䣬ǲõ˶ûطס
룬˸绰һȥҾߡ
֣ǧҰѧУĵȸԾѣ˷Ź˵绰
һȣСʱѾˡ
Ҫٴ绰ȥſȴͰõ𣺡
ȷȥȴǷһģ;վԡ
Ȼһׯ԰Żôù
˵ҪŰ𣿡ȵȻûҲΪֵ̳ĻӦ
ҰýΪ׼õطȻѾ㶨Ȼνˣ߰ɣȥ֡ȸԾѡ
壬ˡҡҡͷԿ˵ģҵĴܼ塣
˷ĳסĴ
Ǳ壬Լĳ˳ӣŷʻȥ
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ûµģ硣ЩӣǰҪϺܶˡ
˼ɣѡģ϶õģѧƵģ֤ѱľƾ˵˴ɣ֤ԼǴ֡
ɣᣬķɫζѣڱĵطҲ˼ԭıͱõĺܺãͬΪⷿĹϵûȫӳ
΢΢һ̾
ܸɣǵǳѣʱӦùʶĿ˰ɡ
ܿ죬Ӿ͵ļ˽ǡ
˵ʱЩţĸ첲ô˵з飬ǸСѡʱ򣬻Ȼٺܼ࣬ȴһѪڼҾߵĴ䡢ɫϵ涼ԼĶ⡣
ܿ죬ѡ˴󲿷ּҾߣܹٶ򣬷ԥˢǮҾټ֮ǰǵģϵǮǲˣģ˵˻ϻмǧԼʱãǷƿˮнһڵļֵֻҪϳۣ֤еҪ
Ҽ˽ǶԣǴͻӭ˹ңòˮźţǳŵһٶͼҾš
£һδҲЩһӣʾǹ֡
֣ԣֳڴģӾ𣬾Ͳˡ
ȵȥʱѾ㣬Ķǲ࣬Ǹ־ȴǸ˼·
棬˽ǵԱһˣǩ֮ǰѼҾ߰ȥǴ˸绰лѩǡ
ԼӵмҵӣҲʽסһ죬ȻҪúһ£绰ѼѶ˹лѩĪϡˣҲŮѹˡ
ȥѧУ˷֮С
һ࣬ЩĶ˳³Ϊ׼ˡ
һҹȶ˵ļ˶ûлȥӽ˿ͷͲˣߵʣºȵҲܿٻָûʲôӰ졣
ûȶ٣ľȴǸеƣȥ˯ˡ
ָķΧ̨΢ҹɫдƽݵʱôһҲ͹ˡ
лѩ˹ͬûȶ٣һ㣬ѬѬģÿ


89 

лѩһݸ˷
лл
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ʱ룬ѧУʱ˭뵽ô˲Сɾءлѩߵһԣӿ̨һ࣬૵
΢΢һЦ˵ҲǣлѩǱҵڣûа꣬ٺѧĸ߲ʱҵһĹͺܲˣлѩֱһǧҵˣ˵Ǿ޽У˵ͻ˵㣬Ǻʣٵ־ǿ϶ġ
ˣͷһڲ裬
ҲҪᰡҾܾ룬һжͬˣ˵Ҫллءлѩп豭ҡҡ
εˡЦЦ漴Щֵʵô󷢸пˣ
ͻȻЩдлѩ˻ԴǰãĸУϵң˵һȥѧѧǽδڳɹ飬뻹ǺЦЩһ֪ҵĴϰ壬Ӵҵǻθ룬»źȥΰɡ
˵лѩЩԳҲЩٺѧĳʵҲڴǵıְ
ƲƲ죬ûнӻ±Ƚϵ͵һǲ֪ϰġ
˵°ɣǰЧΣ˸⡣
˵лѩʱ㷢˼ЧܺãĲϹע֪ʲô£ƺ˲עЧֻ˵ǿˡ
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£ţĹ⡣Ȼ֪лѩ˵ľұѹ¼Ȼò˰עתƹȥˡ
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ʱ䣬Ҳȷǿ쵽һƷĵˣұѹķ粨ãǳ䶨
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ܿ죬ּҸˮ棬ܱôײǺͷ͸¶ɵϢ޹أּվ˳
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ͬһףըͷ
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̬ľ棬Ҳò˶һ
̬ӦƽϢȥˣȻͻȻһھְųվ˳˵տֳԨʱѾǹĸСʱںϵʱСʱ
λųпֳԨܱסһ
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ˣȤѵλҽҽžֳԨһ
˭ܲںԼôһλҽ϶ᱻǷϱ
ҲʱλΪֳԨҽվ˳˵̹ԲԼҽжΪֳԨʱ򣬷ֳԨ״ѹĸСʱǰǹˣǲǹСʱ˻
λҽҽҩһҵҲǺģ˵Ļ˶ţ˼š
ֳԨĸСʱȻƺͰСʱ࣬˸е˼
⣬ҽûжֻͣǲ²⣬ֳԨı֣Ϊж⣬Ϊùһҩŵһ
ˣ̬ͻȻ˸תۡ
ԽԽ˹עֳԨùҩΪ֮ȻĶ
Ȼûкˡ
ҽҲֳ֪ԨõʲôҩЩε飬Ҳ鲻ֳԨõʲôǵûнǵȤǸӻڸ
ǣǵֳԨһˣڣҲ֮ԽԽ˵ߣܵĹעʱǡ


90 
ּڻ鰡
̬ķչͬ˷ԤϣĻֵƶ£ѾԽԽеķչˣʣּҳ֡
ǸӵųԼؼʱվҽʶҲָʹǣ˵ϸڣ֪ġ
еİ칫۾΢΢Ƶġ
ּҵ飬ڰơ
ѹҵΪڷ㹻ˣϾֳԨҲȹԼһȻּҿôΪ´ѹҸΪֳԨټδӷ֪飬Ϊм˲ŻڹؼʱƲһѡ
ּң϶֪Է˵ʲô
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칫绰ϵ
ԽԽ˿ʼעУȻע⵽ǰһķˮԼڶϡƷһϡƷ
еĵ绰챻ˣлѩڶרְĿͷԱˣÿ춼Ҫĵ绰ԱҲȫԱ
οɲȵһξƷʱ򣬷ˮֻУȻһΣּҵĴ൱һطĸע⵽ˡ
ڶξƷᣬǹģɶԶԶһξƷᡣ
ôӵ绰лѩŽССıԹһ漴첽˵绰ԣ˻ͲãС
Ҳ⣬Ŀ⿴漦ɹԱݳһ˿Ц⡣
ֻ𱬣һʱ䣬Ȼ󽥽ƽϢȥţȵһνĻע˻ӭĻ𱬡
绰лѩԼ˱ˮæ汻˵ˣܵĹע̫ˣæĲ񻰡
ȻæµǷĳлѩǶУ֣˭ģô𱬶ء
ڵͷڶξƷμӵˣ϶࣬Ŀռ̫Сˡ˵һξƷᣬֻ300˵ǹˣڵͷȻԶԶ㡣
ŶҪȻǽ賡лѩͷһ£ֹȻˡ
ãԼĶȻҪԼĵźãţҲʱеİǨˡѰ˼š
ӰĲڵĸֿ϶㲻ˣҪѰͻƣڷĹ滮УǰаǨеĻƽضΣһ¥䵱еµ̣ϵõ
ɽ·ϵйģ̫СҵضҲõģڷ̤ʯǲ˷ѶپͽǮġ
ǨҪǮģϵļǧȻǲãҪǳǮ⡣
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һһȴǰ칫ҵĵ绰Ƿֻ
ֻ֪˲࣬ڵԽԽͳԼƬˣʾɵĵ绰
ͨ˵绰
ȳȥæˡлѩ˵˼֣ûдŵгˡ
ֳԨһɳȵ
ҲסʵĶСǺ֣ϵͷϵȻ̲סֱѯˡ
ǺǣǰɡһЦ
ֳԨõҩҲṩģʲôŶҵܵĻͲ˵ˡͲһˣɵĺʱȻҩҲĶѣϾܱĶǮ˭Լ
ȷҵܣЩ绰ˣҵ˻ȥĻȻһŶֻۡߵ˴ߣֳԨõҩȷҵģʲôйأҿԸһƷҩ
ʱοûϴεıռˡ˵
绰ͷЩΣڷˮĺм㣬ϴξƷȷռ˲СıˣҲж෽ɵģҲ̸ǿ⡣
ҾڴĽˡɺܿ˵绰
еڶξƷĵһνֻˡ
ʧġ
һ緽ϣ󣬻𱬵ĳͽƽϢˣЩ绰ѯʵˣԸԱһɵȥֱ˵עеĵһνò𰸣Щ˵ȤȻתơ
ϾҲǶɳҩģȴ޷϶
лѩЩģȴǺ⣬ȵһνȳԸҵķʽ
ܿ죬һνӾ͵ˡ


91 
а칫ڡ
лѩǶڣ˷ƽ⣬༸˶еţҲеڴĪϸÿһͿһӣ޲Զתָ룬ʱȥ
վķڼٶȺÿ졣ɿһվķһæҲ˹ȥݶ棬Զǰվˡ
ǵȻѡʱ㹫ǰעļһûţ϶ġĪϵǲôԾ
лѩ˵ͷݣ̲סһⱩǵݣĴ
ЦЦû˵
ʱˡлѩ˿˵
˵仰ȴƽ
ɡͷҲû̧űţǸȻ̬лѩϧǣǻѧ򶨡
һξƷƷһνҪĲ࣬ǸһҳͿˣҪרҵԱлѩܸ㶨
ѪɺͼƬ;ϣѾ˳лѩֻҪȥˣ̣Ҫӡ
ܿ죬лѩ͸㶨ˣĿ⿴һۣϴˣ
ɡҡҡͷ⻼ûʧ顣
һƷĳɹ㲻ʲô˵óƶֻܺ켫һʱȻܲܺʵ춨еĵλҪڶƷˣܼɹʣеƷƾͻ᳹׵Ĵĳɾ͸Уڴ
˵ỹҪٵ£ȻεĵһνҲ쳣Ҫģ˵ǵڶƷԤݣΪڶͼƬʱ䣬ٰʱʱܽܲЧܲڶ฻μӵڶƷᣬҪǿһͼƬĽܷ˷
лѩ꣬ѡͼƬϴ
ˢվˣϾͷ˲ͬ
ҳԭŷŴͼƬʺţظУȻʱұߵͼƬûκα䶯ߵͼƬȴǱˡ
һƿͼƬϲ࣬ͨ͸ţʢδ֪ĺɫҺ壬ϣƿбһǶȣһκɫҺƿڵε·ڷŵһڡ
ͼƬ·ż򵥵Ľܡ
Ѫ裺֮СʱڱƲ䣬ɻ
ûйĽˡ
Ѫ裬ǷѪɺľ֣ҲǵһƷ
ʲôҺ壿ȥȻһµĸоͼƬжʡ
ĵرĵرȻȥеʧ棬ȴҲǺ׾Ϳ˰ѷˮͼƬ˳ͼһ𣬶ʱǶƵĹͬ㣬Ǻ׿ڲͬ
PSģѪضǷͬˡ
ˣȴǻȻ
ѹֳԨܱסһѪȻܱ˵Сʱڲ䣬ǹҽԺܹûСʱ
ҵõѪ裬ؼʱ̣ܱһ
Ϊ֮ȻĶ
ʱҷõľѪ裬ҼˡֳԨڲϣָűʼǱϵѪͼƬĽ
ʱԺģǶѣѪֻеӡʱ򿴵ͼƬȴ̿϶ˡ
֪ˡֳڲܵܣԵ˵ͷ״ȥ˵绰
ò˶ãּҾվ˳ллֳԨһʱּ͡
һЩעƿ˶ʱˣǵһӦȥеվ
ףԣô£һֱעվɾȵĽ˳
ôôĪϴ˹ȥ
վķڱǣģþ˵ٶȡĿɿڴĿŴվĺ߶ȻߣͬӿĺˮһŸ߷ȥ
⼤ĵʱ̣ͻȻԻһףʲô
ˣվȻֱӷʵı˭Ҳǲվˡ
ҪΪվרһ̨һĻתͷлѩ˵ͷ˷ܵͨ졣
һ̣绰ƴ
ǰĳٴݣлѩǶͷ񣬽绰
ЦЦеһ
Ѫ裬ȵºģһɸҵȥ˵һ󣬷ܲεĵ˦ƹ񣬾ֱ뿪С
ڵڲʵ̫ˡ
Ҳͬڼǰյױ֮ںܳһʱڣжѪȤˣ¶绰ѯʡ
·ϣͽ˺ü绰оɣͬĴ𰸵ء
ͷѪ豾Ͳ࣬Ҫľֵʣõķʽ
ڶƷᣬһҪٰԲµĻԽӰɢȥʱ򣬷ǲɿڵġ
ҪѪˣĵŰɡ



92 ʧ
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Уܾ칫ϵˤڵϵÿˤһԱӶ᲻ԽĲһ£ȴûһ˵ҽȥȰ衣
ǲ룬ʢŭеķԶκȥֻŭйԼͷεȲֵǰѾһдʮԱԳʸϣҪȥȰȴԶһŭ󣬸ֱӿˡ
ΪĺͷҲźԼǰ;ȥ
ȹһеԱѾϰˣˤҲԹԵĸԼĻ
˵ܾôôƢ֮࣬һ곤Ա̣漸˶ʱȥԱһ̺һ̲סѯ
ʵ벻ܾͨΪʲôôҲֹǽˣǰҲԵĻֻûнܾ칫öͣ
ǾͲ˰ɣҲң˻治֪󶼴˿ʮ꣬ʲôġԱһ̣Ƴۼˣ֪в
֪ܻ𱬵Уͷǳͣѵǵзչв󣿡һ˲²
ûô򵥣еҲշǷֵܵܣǰ˵˳ͻȻͼˣµ쳣𱬣˵ܵɫÿԱм
𣬾ҵϲϵĳƣôǰͱˡ
˻Ȼ׷ԶŭԴͷȻ뵽ʱ쳣Ľе·ߣͲκģµģΪûκһóˮѪϡƷ
˵йѪ裬ô棿ܱĶǼһνЩǮ˵ɽˡ
ǰо˼飬СʱѾܳˣ󲿷˴ӷ¹ʵҽʱڣǰ׼һ۷׷ףЩѪЧ
ѪЧǺǣ˷ˮԱмĿżˡ
⻰һʱ˶ˡ
ʱĲϹȥʹ÷ˮһֱഺòûгκ⣬·Чĳˣˮļ۸ǣҲ˽ƵĶ
ˮǳʵϡƷѪأҲһ
зˮǰ˭е˵ѪЧ޿أ
Ҫ˵ˣȥ
ʱһӴ˽ʮºȴͷ󺹣Ų鸡ţȥһ겻ģ
ֱܾ칫ңԱȥס֪ܾ˺󣬶ʱʹͷ
ܣܣɵðҰֵҪ˰һܾ칫ңͱصƬһ漴ǿɥ
¬ۣ㡣һͨй󣬷ԶЩȻԷüͷ
¬ۣǰڷԶָʾ£ҪлѩǸм̣ƻһͨ
Ǹ߹㣬Ҫ𣿡Զü
ܣҲĲɰеͷ̫ˣ˭ҲѹסǸǰͷŻ˵ҪзɱңѾЩϵȷĸңȥίˣǶҵ·ܡ¬һľʧ롣ˣˡ
еķչ̫Ŀɿڴˡ
ڵͷ˵гվȽŸǳԽеļҴж⣬ӰͲپУΧʡݣҲдȤ
飬ע˻иĸԸμоٰᣬЩҪί˵ҲǸõѡ˭ϣԼĶĳߵļ۸ء
ԽԽ˿УԸί¬۵ӾԽù
ͷŻҪɱǹίһɲӣǳѶ˭¬ֳΪм̣Ǳɱܡ
¬ۺͷԩ޳ǷԶķԸҲȥǷڳ£ȻҪҷԶˡ
¬ǾŵķԶһƺݺݳȥǸô
¬ۺ»֣̿Զֺõĵȥ
ǰãΪֻǺäĿȻȵһεĽȴǽнҴķ飬Զݺһ٣²ûадѹȥ
ǣԶҲԩ޲ʿؿ̹ǣѾŬˣʵû취óЩƷܵȥŪ
ҵֶβ˼ҵĶ֣аɣȲ˵ҺͷĹϵУˣھּҶվͦģ˵ܲܳɹԶ
֪䣬ѾɳҶԴѹĵز˰
Զ̾Ϣţоʧ䡣


93 Աƶ
Զ˵ʧ䣬Ȼ֪飬֪ˣҲ⡣
ҪҪǰٰ᣿˵ôȥУĪȴǾ绰ѯʡ
Ļ𱬣Ƕǰ಻סˣЩͷԣֹһεĶǰ뷨
ƷǷץģʲôʱٰȫȡڷͨǿоǾƷᣬȴҪͷС
ĻشʼնһС
ھͿƷᣬЧõģ˿Ҳûжʲôͣ͵ǸĿǰйһοĻᡣ
Ժп϶иӻ𱬵ʱĴӦҲûеʸˡ
ؼʱ̣лѩΪ򶨣Ǵûд绰ѯʹԷѡ˺ޱţѹԽԽҲûɿڣΪеܾ÷ͷĵģĪǻҪ١
лѩѾʼ߻ھٰһͨѹˡ
Դл𱬺ǣӵίÿ춼в٣ٰͨȫûѹ
ڵĵģЩǮ˲ˡлѩ绰ͷͨʱԼĵġ
ֵĲ޵
˼ҪģǾƷᣬѪڴ֮£ȴûӭҪģǿп޵ͨᣬ϶᲻ص㣬˵ִв
㾫ƷʱǻǵִеͨᣬеķչҲиӰ죬Ǯ٣۸ͲߣǰίеҲˡ
лѩ뷨ܳԶΪƷĲȶԣԺûЩϡƷų棬ͨƷϣҲάֲ׳ȥ
ˣв˵ִͨᣬǻи˰ͲμӡЦЦ˽лѩĹǣҲ֮飬Լ޵ܲ˵ôƱҵԴԴϵϡƷά־ƷᣬضԷġ
ҲΪʲô˶ʸִеͨᡣ
һǮˣȫӣ
еĲϷչʸμӾƷģǮ࣬ݶҪһ㣬ҪģƷľƷ·ߣҪòμӵҲǷǷҪܲμеľƷᣬΪݵλΪ
˵ĿǰңԶǷĿꡣ
ȫϾͨǮ˵ϣҲá
ɣǹһԱƶȡͷԼһ뷨˵˳ԺƷᣬ׼ƶȣʲô˶ܲμˣţһʱùȥڲ˽ǣ˵ĻԱƶȣͨйأͨѴﵽһ͵ȵĻԱȼˣյһžƷ뺯
Ȼûȷָˣ뺯ϣ¶µһЩɡ
ŵ绰лѩܿ漴Ϊ˷ܣһȥμͨǮ˿϶ƼĲ߼ˡ
ǶѶΪԱлѩʵ
һǧ򡣡ԥ˵ûлѩּһ䣺ǵߣﵽ׼ģֻܳΪ͵ȵĻԱĿǰԲμӾƷᣬԺͲˣҪߵȼ
лѩĿɿڴһǧ򰡣ͨᣬͨһǧļ۸ɲһ׵¡
ң͵ȵĻԱ
ƶһϸĹ滮Ȼҿһ£ѩҪסǵǰ;ܹǵҸ˵Ļеܾע˻ΪһˣҪʧ
á绰ͷƬ̣Ŵлѩᶨ
ʱգ˵Ǿ仰˭˵һʵأ
µ绰лѩ֮࣬Ҳǻ˶־лΪģԼҲҪƥʸ񰡣ЦˣӽҪŬ˰
е񣬷˿
磬Ȳ衣һ裬Сĵķڷǰ
ллһЦһں޵ݲĹǰ
Щɬͷһ
Ŵ豭ܿ˳˼һæԼȥˡ
ǵģʽ⡣
ԺƷ׼ƶȣܲμӵ˶еλˣӦģӲҲҪϣ˵ȥǸЦ
ƷҪƷҲһ
ҪаǨʵĵضη˽÷ĵطҪڵʽ
ǮĿǰǸ⡣
£ҪٰڶƷˣϣʱµٰܲ졣
ţ
绰ͻȻۣʾһİ롣


94 
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ֻ֪˲࣬˵ܾǰƬԼϵʽûƬˣ϶ϵûϵ֪Լİˣһʱ䵹벻
ιͨ˵绰
С𣬻ǵʯϰ塣ϵӻͲд÷ЩϤ
ϣһ㶣ϾͻԷ˭
ʯϰ壬ϣΪ׷Ѱľȥ԰ʯһ辰ɽ󣬷һ䣬Ҳ¡С
Ȼֻ룬ȥĿģΪ˷ľȻûҵȴҲһЩ˸ϵʽȵǸ˵˻ϵԼ
Ѿȥˣ˶ϵʱԼ˵ʱ䣬ҲͽˣľãҲǷҪɣҲû̫ģʱŻع
ǱǸʱҸ˵¾ͻϢû뵽˵⣬Ǹ˵ϰ屼ɥƺͱ˳ͻܶŹصӣԱץȥ˼£ڲŻصУ绰ЦǺǵ˵ЩǸΡ
ⲻܹ㡣㲻㣬⣬˭뵽ȻֵԷͷϡ
Ϲ
˵绰һ
˵Էľ̫⣬ȴȱǮͷƿ϶ǲģܵõķľ˵Ҵʽټǲڻµġ
ǲˣҪˮˣкܶ࣬Ӱ콥㣬ˣֵһˡ
˵һ󣬷뿪˶԰
ͣó󣬷첽˹ȥ·ͣһ£ǸСŮ˵
Ϻͷ׷ǹʣҲûʲôôǴӦȴһֱûǣ̰ƵԸҲ÷壬֪ԷԼǮֻСԱԼл⡣
ûʯſڣͻȻüͷһ壬СĿ֣ҲۼһȺ˿֡
ֿˣ˽ȥ
ʯ棬һ԰̾ϴμһСŮǵԴҭҭĿţƵĴϻ
ǰվŮǸЩ̱ʱŮƿڴ
ҪҪҪҪҵĶСĵ˵ϣСѾͷƬӼȥˣȻ˵ԼģҵҲ̫ˡһ˵ţʱŮһʺƣŵĶչʾҿ
ǿǱ䣬ȻǱ߽ϣҲֵǮģƾƵ꣬ôõóָߵ䣬ҴġʱŮģССƬָֻ׸ǴС
һ۾˳Լ͸СŮƬ
ǰҿӦλСģ϶ָ꣬ߵ
û뵽϶Ҳ˰ƽʱҿɵģôҲˡ
Χ˷׷壬ûΪƬǶϵģϾʯֻС棬ۼ۹ǧƷûҪ˵üֵƬСŮ棬˭Ҳš
ģġСŮĿˣϴᣬףԼĶΪʲôƫƫ˵Ǳ˵ģΪʲôԼС͵
ɣ˴ˣǾͲˡһԵ۾
ǡϱɫ࣬ҿʱСŮŻˡ
Ѷ£ȻǸ־Ҫ뿪ʱһȴͻȻ
΢һΧ˶ʱᣬ˿ЩĻɫ˿
ðģʲô£ƾʲôͷʱŮӲˡ
ƾĶҵġ
ЦˣĸУ˵ľģʱŮӲŭЦ
ǰץסֱۣҪȡƬ
ʲôаŭˣҲװ˹ˣ붯֣ȴһŸߵ˽ײ˻ϣҲùһҡҡλεĵԴϡ
ͷѪһԵĻ˹ȥ
ɱˣɱˡһĻʱŮļƳһۣƬһƣƵĺˣûվһƨ˵ϡ
ߵǰԱߵĿˮﵹһˮȥ˳˳
硣СŮһϳ˷Ƭˡ
ҵĴû뵽ԪĶҲͼıݡСŮԴЩǸΡ
ȷûаѼ򵱳һ£û뵽ǳǽԼÿ죬үͳԶˣһҪһԶԷƷԣԼó٣Ͽᶼᡣ


95 
£°Ϻ˼ˮ˳̾Ϣ
ûôƬɶҪĶŻСŮǵʯͷ棬Ṵ֮̊ģСҲǷ͵ˣ˶ѣ֪ǳ鷳
СߡͷѪԵصӣʶԣæ˵
ߣߣѾˡʱŮҲ˻ڵϣ仰ʱݺݵĽ
ۿһۣΪȴû뿪˼һ֮Ƕү鷳ˡ
İɣûֻιȥˡ
û϶ʱ˿ûֳͲ
򶨣ʱŮɫ΢䣬ǽ˼绰
ҲСŮԴƬ˹ȥ㡣
ҲҪСŮ¶ҪȴֲҪƬܺÿϲȻȴֺ·¡
ŰɣԺ󲻻ġ΢΢һЦȻ֪СŮʲô
ôһ˵СŮһץסƬΪЦ
ϣΪʲôλ鱦˾ϰ֤һСŮֱʵ
λ鱦˾ϰҲڳ֤ƬǷ͸СŮġ
ϰˣأڵ绰ͣȴ˵ƭӣϳϣҡҡͷ
˵ͷ绰ȷ˵Ҳû֤ʲôֻ˵Ƿˡ
˿ʱ䣬ߵһߣɴ˸绰
мæ
ԽֺȤ֮Ȼаա
Լ飬ͷϣ漰ǣҪɰæˡ
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һһХ۽˶԰ʯſͣ졣
ÿÿ˭ľһᾯߺţǲɢȺ
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ǸʱŮӿˣʱ˾ƵģϽӭȥ֣ǣҵƬҵѡ
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Ѿˡе꾯ϵһˣǻ𣿡
ЦһЩ
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֪첻Ƿͨᱻĺεҡ
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˵ʲôϻŶӣֱȥʣҾͲǲһᾯֺ˵һҪȥ
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֣㻹ŸɶץʱŮΪǲҶԼĸûжʱĴߴ
ұ졣ŮһУ꾯ŭӿҪ̯ļ£
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ʱŮסˣϻʹҲûио˶ɵ
۵Ķ꾯ŭһ䣬תʱ϶ЦݣԲʵڶԲˣȫģûκι
ǰϮ¼ѹû
ԼŮʲôɫ꾯֪ܲ𣬽±˵Լߣ㲻ǣҲҪӲ
˷⣬˶ˣ벻꾯̬ȾȻ˸һٰʮȴת䣬Ŀ⣬ʱ˾壬ȻǷı꾯첻ƫ
Ψַ⣬꾯תͷһᾯȵ
Ŷӣ⡭ᾯԥ
꾯ݺݵһۣԶְŮŮͬѧ
һУ꾯쿴лŰ󣺡
ɡü
飬ﶼУԼϣҲȥܣ˽£Էӿ϶ùˣҲȥСǸͲһˡ
꾯ɴ⣬̴ż˾뿪ˡ


96 
꾯һߣȺܿɢˡ
ϾĿ˷һۣû뵽Ȼô׵ľͰƽˡ
߰ɣϻҴ·ЦЦ˵
ãáʱ򣬶ϲΪʲô£Ҳȥˣź󣬾СŮͷһ˳ȥ
ô£ǲٰСŮˣ·⡣
˶԰Ҫȴֹˡ
ҿ˳˵үԼͣ˺ǰ濪Ͼָ·ɡ
ǼҴ˵е·ȥҪʮҡ
·ϣ˳ھ˶ԺĴ㡣
԰Ǳߣǲ̫ȥˣҴѵ󣬻طСŮԴоǴȰүΪһϹͷͿˣҲϣڱ˵İ
˵ˣָôأСŮƬ˽ºҲ죬ϾͶ˻ط˼
ˣ϶ԷǸмģǷүĴֻҡ
ɣҲʲôˣһУķḻ飬ȥһʦ´࣬һԻĸߡ룬˵Լ뷨ʯС棬ʵߡ
Ҳæžܾⲻͬ飬ǱߵȷҪˡ
Ҷˣﻹں棬ǺǣǾͶлˡϿ£ʹӦ
˵аһѵԭڣҪǿضϵƷԺöȥְģͨļʦ˵ûٸߵƷǶе͵Ʒ۹⻹ǺܶģʦְλӦʤΡ
зչ󣬾Ʒ᲻˵ûмʦ֮أͨỹҪټʦģ˴˶вͬķֹ
ڳһֻлѩ˸绰䣬ͰѶϵˣֻҪȥˡ
мǲ֪УӵĸмСŮ˵Ļȴ˿᲻ȤͷԹԵˣ
˵ܿ쵽ˣ˸طѳͣãŶүǼҵꡣ
С𣿡
ⲻ϶ôпչˡ̽һԲԴһ۾Ϳ˶ϡ
ԵȰæһ˵ְ꣬Դ˻ȥ
ʱ򣬴˵˲࣬һģһѾˡ
Ǿ͵һɡЦЦ˵˦ƹû̫Ҫ죬Ҳںһȡ
ǶЩϾѾϰˣϰЩףô˵ˣҲ÷
һŸɾ
˵Ʈ˵ô⣬СŮȴ˼ڿˮ۰Ͱ͵ŶϣȻǶˡ
ǸҲãԵ㶫ɡ˷Ա־͵˼Ĳˡ
СʱǵķҲˣ˼飬ͲˣζпɣȥǱľտθЩˣֲûԡ
ϣ϶㷢ˣôõôĲˣæ󣬵ϰ˳ϵķˣʱһ㶣˵Ҫǧѿˡ
Ŀ͡ԷעԼϡ
ǣϰˡ
С㣬Ϊ˴£㻹ǵǸ辰ɽʦ𣿡ʵ
ʲô£ϰ徯жڣ滳ɷʲôͼı
Сһ辰ɽϲַ񣬾ʹһЩֻʣһλʦҲѾˣʹʡϲ˵
ôһͣϰʱȻˣԲԲԴЩɣҲ˵ҺҲǺ죬ǰڸϼʱʶģסҲ˵ƺһƫƧСس
ҪĻȥ츮ʡˮҰɣǿӦúܳġϰ˦˦ͷȻҲΪҹȥϾٻϲһ˵Ʒ񣬾ǧȥİطѰҵĵ
лˡ˵ͷ֪ӶԷʲˣȻҲһܲˣĿ꣬Լǿһ⡣
극ˣʹŶүصʯǾȥб󣬾뿪ˡ
츮ʡˮأһӰһˡûм϶ȵȷûʲô󰭣ŻģԶǧ֮⣬﷢Щʲô£Ҫϻͳˡ


97 ͨ
죬Ͼʹʯ£ȥбʽУлѩҲǰĻԱƶȽ˷
ɳϣһ裬ĿļϿɨ
ˡ˵ͷʱȹȥǰУڵ۽绹ӰҲûҪƶߵĻԱͽЦ
һԱͨѽﵽһǧԶΪһԱ
ԱһԱĻϣμͨᣬΪԱÿѶڰ򣬽ԶΪһԱ
;ٰһͨɡ˲裬
ܿ죬еĵһٰͨˡ
ոնдģʽºٰھƷᣬ֮⣬ͨʱ򣬶ٰеһͨʱȷһЩ˵ĵִΪҪѪǲͨϳ֡
еľƷ򣬷Ͷȷʵڵʱ˵ѹǿҪĻΥݼʽģʽһЩòЩʲô
еӰûɢȫûɢȫ磬ٺһʡԼܱߵĲʡݣôѹܲסĻҲ̫ûԭ򣬱ֵ̫ˣȵԺĴ棬Դ
еķӦôǿҵĸӡеˣҲҪԼ־·ۺϽ棬ǿӲЭӦԼԭ
УУǾ޽еĵرǿĵʲôú¹ǵġ
лѩеܾĳŵԼδĿǰⷽҲִ׵һ
ųȥ󣬵ִУֻǳ˲ãܿɢˡ
ŷųȥĻԱƶȣ˲Сã˶Ħһ⣬ϸһ룬Ҳ԰еޣ֪ȤμԶԶɵļޣһĻͲ˶ܽȥˡ
ѵ˵νĻԱƶȣǲμӾƷ֤ͨ
뵽˶
뷨ƶ£еٰͨ쳣ɹ
ûȥμӣͨ벻ķֻۣھƷϣԵĲԴҲǷĴ쾫Ʒ֡
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ϲˡɵӻͲﴫеĵһٰͨĺܳɹеļҴУҲǰ㲻
ЦЦǼҴУûбʲô֣ͻƲĸ֣һһУгԽǳ¡
ҪʻԱƶ𣿡µɵͼ
ݵˣǲ̫ȥμͨģεϣҲû۵Ʒ
ģݵˣʱֱյƷ뺯辭ͨĻԱƶȡ͵
Ҫߵϲ㡢߶·ߣݵģҲеҪ˿ͣǲȥμӿп޵ͨģǾ֮⣬ֱӾͰΪеĸߵȼԱ
⻰һ˵ɶʱģѪҲ־ڱصõģ˼󣬾͹˵绰
ˣԶȥ츮ʡվչ֫
ͨԲɹҲʱ뿪һˣɵһ£鶾̣ΪҪ̫ߣûкϢ
ʱ˺Ͷйصĵر룬ôǰģֻķľˡ
룬˸绰лѩ
ʲô£лѩ˷ܣڵһͨĳɹ֮УԲ߻ٰģȻͬ
Ƶ꣬˶ȥΪ칦Ц
ţá
Ƶ꣬Ϊ칦һ󣬷лѩһԣ˵Լг̡
ĵȥɣڣġлѩȵ΢죬˷Ļԥţһ
н˵⣬Ը
ϴڱףлѩҲʶˣ˵Ĺϵ㲻Ҳ̷֮󣬵ڶõİˡ
͵ڸɣ˵ɿ϶עУǴæˣֲĲҵ˿϶ûлѩ
ȷһ׵󣬷뿪˽Ƶ꣬ǰ칦ǰ˻ƱСʱ󣬾͵˷츮ʡĺࡣ


98 츮ʡ
ȥ츮ʡɻҪСʱ
Щģİƿˣɴ۾ۣͶ˱֮½
ӣ֮½ʼûжϹոͻǻᣬٶҲһ룬ڴ½ϵţѾٺʡһؼȫϯ˽ȥںϣҲ˸Զĵ̣Ǵ½ŵ̵һ
֪ǲڿеԵʣ֮½ʱǰЩͬӸµĸоرԣܸоڼߵλø
ֻĴϣɫĻ淭ӿţγһƬɫӴȥ൱׳ۡ
ȵ˳ʱ˿ʱ䣬Ѿȥһ롣
Ҫȵ㶫𣿡һ쵰սߵ˷ԣϴЦݣʵ
ллáҡҡͷܾˡ
Ϸɻʼƺͳģսַתƣ쵰Ŀս㣬ˣǵΡ
ʵҲĸߴ⣬ո˵ȱǮٶӣĿġ
ܾ쵰ս̾Ϣһ߻˺գۼżĿս㡣
~ʵ̫˧ˣܾܾôͣܲ~һĽСĿս˫ģһԵĻ
Сַˡ
Զһ㡣һȺ˴һ󣬾ͷͷȥɻˡ
Сʱܿȥ
ǻӭ~
߳ͿһɵЦЦ츮ʡʡˡ
ˮҲ֪ֻܵվȥˡ
Զһ⳵Ҫȥʱ򣬺ö
һ£һ¡Ǹ쵰ĿսӺ׷Ц绨һһ߰ɡ
ʼ磬νЩսҲûʲô֮ġ
˳⳵ܿʻ˻ʻȥ
㲻츮ʡ˰ɡ쵰ս˻ϻӡ
ҷɣٺʡˡ˵ͷ
ҽҦ̡Ҧͷһ£ͻȻһת㵽츮ʡλ£εĻҿԵΰ
۷ֿտգûʲô񣬿ȥξӶࡣ
𣿡һ漴˵ͷǾ鷳ˡ
ȷҪһ֪صĵΣɲٺʡزģиԻкܶ
ֻǷЩ֣ôʱԼһʲ֪ղ˺ݼ٣ʱ֧䡣
Ҫȥ棬Ҫҽ𣿡Ҧֵ̱ĺ顣
ˣҪȥˮء
ˮأǸƫƧطҦһ㶣û뵽ȻξĽǣҪȥˮأҪˣʱȻŷĿ⣬Щ졣
ɣҼҾڹٽУˮǹٽϽһأ˳·ԻؼһˣҺңȻһˣҵˮؿɲסҦЦ˵
ҦڻһսĴ磬в㣬ǵ˼䷿·
һзҦƺ˾Ĵ磬ȥ⶯ˣʧǣֻǿһۣջĿ⣬ĵװľͷ
Ҫ˵ɫҦ̺ԶûģҦȻӲ˵ˣڵ˼Ҳûз档
ɫЩˣɴ࿪䷿Ҧһһ䣬סȵ̡
ڴͷҦ̵ĻˮǸطӽûгֱģֻȵٽУȻתȥسǣһСʱҪ߶ʮɽ·ܵˮء
ҲΪͨ㣬ˮزһֱ

˸ʺţЩɣҪ֪λ辰ɽʦɽ棬ֱŽ˷ľͱ䡣
ľҲͰˣǲʶôأǼֵĸߵʯǹĻģԽƷζȥԽɵ㡣
˵ˮأעĻһ㣬רŮʮľˮصŮƤˮۣƯҲҦ̻ùĿ⿴ԵʣΪǳŮȥġ
ȿãȻʱҦ׷ʲȷϣû˵ˮרŮĴš
ǷľӰ𣿡
ĵرûб˼һЩ£ҲпܷһõģҲпǿ󣬾ͱ綫̹⣬Ǽǿĵرɢ÷Ϊ֮ļ¡
ľĻӦûĴ̼ȻҲ˵׼ϾõģǷľƬ
ķľԲֹһĵرδ֪ЧҲ˵
뵽ˮصȤԽԽŨ


99 ˮ
һҹ޻
գͺҦһǰٽеİ೵߸СʱңŵĿĵء
ȥҼ𣿡Ҧ룺סǶ¥иھӲˮسǵسѾˣӦö˽⣬ȥҲȴһˮص
Ҳá˵ͷˮһ֪ǰеҲǺ¡
˴򳵵ҦסСһǰͣ
С̻˰ѻĸһŲӵ긾Ů¥˳Ҧ̺ͷʱһ㶣¶飬Ŀµİѷ˸飬һ߿һߵͷ
½̣Ҧɫ΢죬æͣ͵ۿ۷ƽ΢΢ʧ
ģѵòŻһҦȻΪԼȡһ¡
긾ŮЦ˹ȥһ͵͵Ҧ˴Ĵָ
ⰡҦ̲˼ĵǸ
ЦЦȻҦһͬˣ˻ᱻ׼Ȿûʲô壬ȴˮػҲٽˣͲͣ᲻ᣬ⡣
Ҧ¥Ҧ˵λݸس¥ոյҲֱҪȥ¥͸Ҧҡ
һ壬ʹ߶žͱˡ
С̣ôпջҦվ棬ҦĸʱһǰҦݼ٣ҲǾڽǶȹٻ
ⲻ𣿡ҦȵסҦĸֱۣŽܷǷʶһѡ
ҦĸԼŮ۹һܸߣдԻؼҵʱûдкĻټϴһѣʱˡ
ҲûнʲôҲˣԼȥλسһİˣ¶Էδػ¶ʵ飬Ҧﳤģ˫Ĺϵ϶ܺãܵĻҲʡһЩҪ鷳
ҦһҦ̾ͽڴѳȥ棬ͷţǺܴŮӣ֪ΪʲôһֱŲȥ죬˵ʲôԼָԶϷˡ
ÿ¥ţλݸسڣһ󣬶Էǽȥˡ
ӲҪȥˮˣ͸˵˵ˮصɣҲʡԩ·Ҧ˵
ˮذǸĵطΪҦ̽ģӸسû̫ǣ˵һЩص飬Ҳûѹ
Ϊںɽ棬·ͨأҲ˵˶ҲһЩǺܸеģҲﲻΪ˸ıǰǹɽըһˮغͨͱˣƺܵʲôţ֮ʲôҲǸСֻΪˮرϣԲ׽Ӱ֪һ顣
ǺǣҪ˵ˮȻǵطǷˮذĸԴһûȥ;벻ĵط˵һˮһˣҲʢŮӸس΢Ц
ֻǿϧҪ߶ʮɽ·ɽͲһļˣͨ˸Ͱ첻ǰˮͨ磬ҲϣܰˮؿԴϧȥһΣǵطĺá
ӸسпͣҪɽԽǲˣˮزͨҲȥǵأֻƽһ¡
۾΢΢𣬺âһ
Ȼ⡣
ˮأ򵥣ȻӰ쵽ٽеľ飬ӣƺ赭д治֪ˮµǺεģ
Լ˹ҪóóȻȥˣ˵Ҫ
˵ˮǷˮأǺţΪľӰ죬ȻҲĶã߶пܡ
֪СҪʲôˣˮǵط̫ƫƧ˺ܽȥģͬҲ˻Ӹسʵ
һ辰ɽʦպܾտҲĽҪø辰ɽҲ
ûʲôӡ󣬿ûسǴһˮسˣҲ̫Զģ֡Ӹسֹһ䣺ҪҵˣҲǺѣˮطж⾫ȥĥЩ⣬ȥһʾ֪
˵ͷ
Ӳ֪ͨˮغ飬˭ģһ⣬֪ˮصĸӺڶˡ
롣Ӹس˼еԶˣεĸгܽͨһģ¹ѻҪɼóǸϧˣ˵˵;˳ܿͱ˾ٱ̰ۣӸгְλˣһֱʣӦҲѾˡ
лˡվҪȥһλݵĸг


100 ֮
׼ǣҦЩԣҲվ
ӲǸˡҦӸسǸһЦͷһš
Ҫȥλгȥг߳СҦԸ¾ҪȥȻȴվԭû
ţҦ̲Ļعͷ
һ·չˣ飬һȥ졣
˽ˮصĸǰҦҪθԼ߾͸ţνǼȻ˽ˮزô򵥣ǾͲٴһȥˣ̫Σա
仰ҦȦ΢죬пյĳʧ䡣
ҵƬһƬȥ
õƬҦʱ࣬Ŀɨۣʱ¶֮ɫеˣ
Ƿе·ߵĿս㣬ҲһʱжȹģǰʱֵķзģҦҲ˵ܷഺòķˮһŮֵܵסջ
ͷһƬհ׵ʱ򣬷һ⳵뿪
Ӹسǲ֪λгסĵطҪԼȥҡ
һֽţһЩǮ󣬷λгȥ򣬶ԷѾڹٽˣǻ磬ҲǹٽϽسǣء
ؾˮҲ̫Զ
õȰ೵ֱӰ⳵·ˣԼСʱ򣬾ͽ˽سǡ
سûô󣬶Ϊг϶ǵص֪Ҫ׶ˡ
ʵһίʱ߿һۣЩɣСҲүףٵģ
ף٣
΢΢һ漴˵ͷгǰõΣרŹΪף١
ôһ˵ίɫʱÿ̾װѵɵˣүǸˣϧˡ
˵ţָ˷
λгʮ٣ʮݣҲɼڹٽйٳĲ⣬ܵ˶ֵѹ
ʮ٣λгûд˼ûȥƵ꣬ڼ˼ϯ
ȷʱ¥ѾշŹ˱ڣֺģвˡ
üͷ΢ûмŽȥֲʶЩˣαȥ֣Ҳ֪˵طģüһʱȵٽȥҲ١
ڷת뿪ʱһش߿ٳ۹˿ûмٵ˼Ƿٶȹ죬Ҫײˡ
Ҳ̫޼ɵˡĿ΢䣬Щŭ⣬žͿ¥ͣ׳Ĵ󺺴ӵһ³
ߡһ̴֣˽ȥ
˭ϱˣһƵһߵıͽȻ˵һ룬һ󺺾˦һƳ˹žһ˴ˡ
·⼸ȫǶͣҰԵ˼㣬˭ǰ棬һȭߡ
һߵһϯǰ˫£͵ϯƷˣ극˷ɵĵǣʱҵĲӣ˶ҳһţƴҪȥСŭһƬ
ҵĳ棬ӳЦЩŤָɫͷͷڣͱٹʲôӣʲôƨ磬Ұɥ»࣬򣬶Ҵˡ
һԲĶһͨңҪֹǴҹ
ˣָͷΪôˣ黹û꣬ҪΪ¸ۡ
һȺ˵¥Ҫϳ뿪ʱȴһİվǳǰĿĮĿǣǷ
Ĳ۵ĶҴ򡣡ʢǰ棬Ҳľ
Ȼûߵļ󺺶֣Ųһǰֻǰһ͵ǰͫ׶ʱŵĵɴˡ
͵һӸ£ŶӲҽŵ㿪һ󺺵͵ϮһŰ߳Զ
Щ󺺣൱ǿ֣ղȺ绢Ⱥģû˿ԵֵȻڷǰȴᵽζ
ûжԿأǿһ˷ȭҲѪȥӣȫˡ
㣬ˣ֪˭ˮص˶ҴһҪƤһ̵ʹ֮࣬Ҳ¶ɫܿתΪݶݺݵв˫Ŀͨ죬ƺѷ̻ˡ
ˮصˣ
ľ㡣ƲƲ죬ݳһ˿


101 Դ
ˮص˾Ȼһϯ÷ףԼˡ
˵Ű裬ػдеҲˮصˣû̫֡
ĵطҲһ˻ḻͣȻˡ
ӻ놪вһϣݶʱһ룬ʶֶκ֧֧Ĳҳˡ
⼸˱򵹣ǰȭߵ˶ʱΧ˹ŭĿ򣬳嶯ֱȥʹˮ
͵ɳȥ˷йһ곤˴飬̵õ˵Ӧôһ֣ҲǲݲճˣڷǱ˽ȥ
λг٣ǰη⣬ȴһͷ׵ͷӣƣ̬
ܼҵ˶ԷǧлûзͶˣճڷʾҪٵ̸̸ʱҲû˷ԡ
г˵ιΪ˽һЩˮصеͨˮغ᰸ҲǷǳȤûж˵ʲôϻֱ˵Լ⡣
ᵽ£ٵɫѿ࣬ºʼ·ģвõļ䡣
£ԭֻһ⣬ҪˮطչƶصñӣҲȥȷǳʺϿԴϧ˸Ͳϣˮغͨ̾Ϣһĺ¡
˭оһ
֪Ҹû֪Էϸʸ񣬿¾ٽегίҲûʸΪҵʱ鰸ʱгʼֵ֧ģϾѹͷͱˣùľҡҡҡͷƵ۾ŷĳ˵ˣҲ֪ˮʲôĿģȰ㲻Ҫȥǣˮ̫ˡ
ڿҲˡǸӣͺˮص˳𣬳뿪ԶԷϡ
Ǹµ˭ʶ𣿡ʵ
ûӦСආЩĴǲᶯģҲźҹȥҲͺϲࡣҡҡͷʶԷ֪ңҲٰʮˡ
Сආ۾΢У״Ǽ󺺣ƺоĳ⼸󣬱ͨ˴һ⻹ûоϸѵģûʲô·ҪʰҲûô򵥣˶СආĻˮصİȷǷͬСˡ
ˮطҪȥģСһ㣬ӲˣһԤУȥˮأвСķ֡
뿴ǿӰһصĵرʲôԭ򣬷Ҫȥʶһ¡
ټ󣬷ûͣٶȸˮأǸ귢˳ͻҲ֪ûдˮҪץʱ䡣
ǰ·ʹýͨߣȵȺɽԼǰ·
ȻûкͨˮҲм򵥿ٳɽ·ߣڳǱˣܶطɽ·൱ͣһСʧ׹£ǣСģ治·
ûⷽĹǣɽ·ƽأʱɫɽ·ϱûʲôߣչٶȣͬһ̣Ⱥɽ䷭ţʮɽ·˰Сʱ˳꣬ˮء
ȻǺõطսˮأ۾һ
ԵĲɽ·ϵʱûٸоһˮصĵ̣Ͳһˣ࣬һ΢ָĸо
ûĵر˵ûиӦĵرĴڣѾޱȷˡ
ľѪɺʱĵر㣬ƣͣ˾档
ˮ˵ûôţӦɢ̫ԵʣܽɢأܱһЩЩã֪ĵرǿ󣬻Ȳ϶̹⣬Աȷκһĵرǿ
ȻҲпԭ
Ѿ޷϶ǲķľãǴűĵرǺʵģ£һҪ
ΪĵرӰԵʣˮصĸֲֶﶼģȥǴƬƬɫƢ
Ӹس˵ԴҲǿš
еҲʧΪͨҲ൱ԭʼһ·߹ûпשʯˮķӣǾ͵ȡģȻտ϶ǺֲܴڵģǵĴҲ൱ªǹٽƶĵط
󣬵ȵӽسʱŽתִĽʼ÷һִӹŴصִĴ


102 
棬Ŵ粻̫ߵˮسǽֵϣȴ˲עĿ÷΢΢ü
µҵλֹʦ˵
·ϣ壬һȦڿⳡǺֻ࣬Щ˵ĴŴҪһΡ
ʮ£ڱ캮ضˣ츮ʡȻůϣҲ൱ˣżȻдųˣȻֻҲԿ˵ˣԳطһء
ǼԼ򵹵Ĵ󺺣Ǳȳ˴Ȼ
£΢񣬳þסˣʻϲ١ͷǿϷˮˣѹ˲ϣ˷
Է۹ȷģӰǺܴģˮغ֪ͨôһˮصĻκͶӵ˿϶ǣʱƱػˮصĻӰ죬ЩѵƶôģͲö֪ˡ
ĵرҲ޵ģûбȷǰ£һؿǼˣɲΪطҵ켶ĵر
ţһ㾻ǳʱ򣬽ֵһЩ͹ƮζԼʱ̣ȻζȴûôŨ
룬ߵ˱ϣһ˼ɫѾܰˣЩ˾Ȼڼ֣Щǵĳԡ
ʲô£񣬱һģʱЩŭתͷĴ磬ҲÿЩ
λ磬һˣ辰ɽģ൱տʵ
˵ɣ˻û˵Ⱥоһ˵˳
Ƶط˭ȥѧ⡣
ǰҲЩ˼Ҳ⣬ҲǺܾûϢˣԸȽϹ񱣬ٸ
Ҷڹ壬ܰ˷ĻҲˣ
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ˡ
뿪Һ󣬷ɵͷЩͷۡ
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ɲǱ֮½췶ΧҵĵرԵ޵ıܣҪܽľܲӦټˮأ˭֪ĵرŲسһȦҲûзκо֡
ɫѾȫ˴Ƽңһ±ʹס㣬ЩӣҲϵˣȫûдż˷ܺڴ
ˮвĴƵ꣬ǲ⿪ŵģֻѰһдλú󣬾˹ȥ
ڽһͻȻüˡ
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103 ԭ
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ˮسǣ˵ĵ̣ʱɲ󶯸ɸ꣬˶׷֮ˣֻ£ҲǸһ档
ڷȥʱŰɫƳ׷ٵˣͻȻסˡ

׷ٵˣǷΪˮذˣǰոռģʦֶӣʱ̬Įƺ⡣
վԭûüͷϵתǧͷ֮÷µһ㣬ȴҿ϶
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ˮصİʵ̫ǿǷҲǿɵԼǿʱٹҲ٣ű֮½ĲţʵֻԽԽǿ
˷ľ⣬̾һ޿κεվȻû˵ĻҲѾûѡ񣬶ҷûкҳŵҲһĿŶȡ
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ЩĵرԳµĴȥ裬ҲһЩĵر緵ľȴǻġ
ķľǴĸ̫ãȲˣ棬޷ľˣϢҲǷǳĵͱԡ
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ͨСĴ辰ɽʯҲŨȤҪ辰ɽûͬɣܼ׷ˮģûмгŷľģĿܡ
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104 ڿ
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105 
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ͷȴԶԶ磬˵ǶȴˣһδķҲǱȲϡ
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Ҳӵܣ˽Щ˵ˮǵĵ̣ƽﺱĻᣬںòץסһ϶ŹҲ̫ܸˣȻʱһס˶ò˶ãЩ˾ͻᷴӦ
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Сġ˵ķӦҲǼ죬ֲһֱȻȴǿŵĽɫ
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ͬħһķԼжǿ־壬Ǿ󲻵Ȼˡ
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ˣӦǹģǵĿģΪңȻСĽЦһ
ˮصİɶطɵģ˵϶гסˣǶԷҲǼǿ϶ῼǵڰԼҪȥ쿴ܣֲ÷֡
Էֳǿ󣬿ԼҵɣʱóȻȥ鿴ܣ˵ͻᱻ֣Ȼûʧ̬޷ѹ֣ôõİ취ķˡ
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һǲܽɽģ϶лأҿǵԷԶԼʵҲԿ֡
һץϿȥĿϸΧܿ죬ͷһŵĺۼͬɽʯɫܽױԹȥ
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Ŀ⿴ľ߳һɫγһһɫ߿飬ԭĴԵø룬ǣ÷
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ۣ̿쿴״Ȼ֪ҪŪһУߴˣǶ㲻ȥһء
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110 ƾ֮
ƾһˣͬͻɽ֮Զһܱȵģٶ֮죬΢
͵һʩչ˹ɱ֮ҵϢĵʱƾڣȻ˰԰ƾȴûжãƾĶûзŻȫûܵӰ졣
˼ȻϷоص˵սƵģֱϷǴδϧԱ˻ãϷǴӵɽѪɱģɱ˲֪ж٣ССƣôӰ쵽ҡƾЦ͵ͦߴ·һأӵ䲻һһȭŷ˹Ե˼㡣
ҲǣСˡɱ֮ʧЧȴûɥʧģɹȻһЦȴһȭӳƾ˸ӲӲ
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ʹ죬СԸԼңұ֤ԼҵĵλϷ֮£ܵϷĸԺʵԽԽǿΣŷǿƣƾʱ֮ģԼҵλ֮ˣ˵ĻȻ١
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ʵǷ׳꣬ƾôҪʮ˥Ͳܾսȥʱһƾ͵Լߡ
Ȼ÷ǣƾǵû¶˿ƣԽսԽ£ģȻռϷ硣
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ԣ϶йƾǿʼһֵĹȴûѡӲǾߣ򲻵ѲӲһǡ
ƾԽԽǿߴƺӿ޾ԽԽÿһȭӳ˾޴ĺХ֮
еɻԽԽ̫࣬ˡ
κμɶм޵ģ޵ƾֻһֿܣڲϵıǿʹʽԽԽ
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СͷԷˡƾԥĳͨǰŲû˿ͣԶȥ
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㣬㣬ԣҡԽԽǿҵƣӿƾһĻ˵ˣ߽һ㣬ƤޱȵĳأҲ֧ŲסһͷԵڵϣһʯϷ䣬Դϣȴûа㷴Ӧ
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ղţƴƾһˣҲǴۣŷһۣһۣ÷֣ڵģֻǷһĵرǹĵرһ
һֱͺ֣ȻûмǷľЧʶյ˵ãӦģǸ档
͸֧Ϊ˺Ƿǳģ͸֧ȣ͵ڶɱⲻ̫ǷӰ죬ôʣֽһĵرڷá
ǷĴڣάסƾͣô͸֧
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ƾʮˣж͸֧һϾͶȥ
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111 ȥ
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ңһУ޾ϸοԼӵûʹȥ
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ֱ仯Ǵ棬ϾǰôೢԶûЧǣڿ˷µأֲ֪ʲôʱ𣬷ĸϵɫʹɫӣǵļʶȻָ֪ıǺǻǶĺôȴǿüģİõһС
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112 ĵر
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֪ǲ뿪̫õԵʣǱ֮ʯһֱѹŵδ֪ĵرɳ൱ǿĵزУҲǷ쳣ңͬʱƴȡŷӪ
ֱ仯쳣ļҡ
Ҳ֦Ҷ浽߷ʱֻһ졣
Ȼ˿ɫʹɫƤһأԭأȴһС磬10׸ߣԴΣŨ棬ûκɫ
ھ֮ʯİ£ڰδ֪ĵرг˳ȥ۾С硣
صɫƤ֦Ҷڷֳž֮ʯ߶һСɫʼȥ۳һɫҺΡ
ûţѷСصƤ֦Ҷϧǣ󲿷ֶѾˣʣһСִֻּһ£ܵõķˮջеĿġ
ɫҺΣҲƿо֮ʯ֣ҲΣԼ
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Ͼ֮ʯǷˮصõĵرˣȫǶĵرԷԣǾ޴ջ񣬱Ͼ֮ǰҲһǶĵرȫһȡ
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֮ʯ˵ЧһĿȻܶطõõסڵʶܽԽԽ
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ҲǸöҲΣգҪСʹá΢΢һЦ˦ֽϾҺӻƿ
ϾҺд̼Ǳ֮ЧסԽԽǿǸҲûпƵķֻҪϾҺ;֮ʯһ𣬾еĻȴȫɺܴӰ졣
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123 ҲҪͷ
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ַˣû뵽Դ绰ȻΪ˵վ˷Ǳߡ
εˣΪίǣ߹٣ʡίԱҪͷⱻԼץˣʲôͷ
ǣǡȻɣַķӦϽӦ
˵绰ַһƬԼСĵĴ˵ǰ;ãˡ
Ǳ߷ĵ绰Ҳһ߽һɫ׵ģ֪ȥģʱҲǺڲɡ
˾ˣûкҩɳԣ˵ռҲˣؼǣȫڷǱߣҳٰҪ᷽һ٣󻹰ֺݺʰȫǿȨˣһȨƲ٣¶ʱǧٿס
绰ַصĴþ˲׼ѶҺַһ̱ϣƱ˸ɾ
ֳܿ˹ִ֣ѷ˳˿󣬷ͷĳͻܿ챻һЩСϱѺ
˵ͷ֮ĳͻСȥԺظ棬շ㷽һӼϵͷǸ˽˴¡
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Բ𡣡һǵͨ죬ڷǰ
ĮĿһۣԷıίǣҳͻҲΪ˶Ѿܵͷ׷ȥҲܡ
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¸磬ʲȥŷ뿪ıӰ޵ֱҧķȫǱǿͷǸģƵļѪ
İɣ˶õġ۾𺣬ﻹǰЦݡ

֣߳һӳֿϴӲԶڵ˷ǰ
ôãɫѾˡ
ҡ¶ɵ
һ㶣û뵽ɾȻ
ţ˽ȥΣҪлˡ
ԷȻίǵСӣҲǷûԤϵģѹָ޼ɵɳ棬ֵĺȥ
ίǶҪͷҪΪڱȻΪôҲûҪԷƱ
պ˵ĳˣ͵һ𡣡ЦЦȻ֪ûô򵥡
£ЩӣûٶȽûʲôίɣɿ۷µûʲô˺ۡ
ҡҡͷΪֵͷϡ
е֡ɵܵͳǿսίǵģٺʡûиԭΪʵʵ͸ģǰĻҲȷǺʵϣܷ
ɿŷҪСġ
üͷšɵĽ͡
ɵ˵ĵ绰ȥ̶ԼĹϵҪ£ȻʱȴĪܵ֡
ίǣ߹٣ľˣȻ̾еĵͷҶԣܿͽǰ谭ͳͳƳҲ˺ֵ绰Ҳǵһʱ䣬ûʲôӳ
ˣȻֵģķͲӦóֵġ
־ٶڣ̽
̽ҶԷ֧ȡ
˼ǣֻǸڻңҲǸȷ棬ֵģڱ
صĵ˵ͷ
£ӦǴɣȴǽ˳֡
ǿսģ˭֪࣬ⷽûˣЩǸΣֻҪУҾͲǸΪ
ٺʡҴ壬ȴҲǾٺʡˣ֪Ĳࡣ
֪ˣл˵ͷƽпҵ׼ϴң
˭̬ʼһ˭צӣҪצӱնϵ׼


124 
ӿסıͣ
Ǳɺ󣬷ֱ˼ҡ
ûˣׯ԰⼸סѧУûйżסķ֮УҲæ׼ĩԣѧУټıԵЩտ
ڿɳϣԼһ裬ţȻԵá
ţ
һͻȻ˱Ƕˣһ㶣˲豭
㣬еĲ豭ȴǶ϶Ѱյλá
һѰ޹󣬷ϣĿⶸȻһ
һֱߣھֺ˶Ҳûȵ˼󣬵ַ˽ŵĹ̨ϣ˵ĵرȻĿǰ޷ʹõĵرҲͲ̫⣬ڼҲŪˡ
㣬񣬷ޱȵĿ϶
ߵſڣѹУϸĦš
·̨λãմȾһѪ͸һɫ͹ɫȻͬϸţܷ㣬Ǵɫĵطɢģޣǳĵ
ô£ȻѪýͣ쾭˶ೡ򶷣˵ԼûˣѪĲһֱϣʱСմȾȥģǡ
ѵ˵ѪҺ󣿡ԺһѸٰס뷨
Ҫ֪ڶԹ޲ߣȫҲ˽İ취ʱòҵһ⣬ôܷ
ӹɫĵطɢ֣ͬľѪʱɢ߽Ȼͬ
ߵ˾ʢЧȻǰȥȴͷȣһЧ
ɫЩŹ֣ͭƣһޱȷҲûմȾʲôҩҪʲô쳣ҲӦúĵرйء
ӹ𣿡ӹ˵˵һһɢ㣬ôֻҪѹڷӳеļʡ
ϾĵرԲһĴҩɱȵģһЩ
ǣҪ˵Ǵô򵥣ȴôţԭܼ򵥣ûж
ѪҺܿ𣿡뵽ֿܣȥȡһˮָһʺѪҺʱ˳
ѪҺͿ˹̨ԼطĵȴһȴûκЧѪҺͿĨĵطԭɫûбɫ
Ϊʱ䲻˵Ҫض˵ѪҺüͷ΢ϸ룬һֿӦÿųΪʱ䲻ӦеЧģڷ£仯ӦεģȻȴûп˿ĸı䡣
Ҫض˵ѪҺˡ
½ļ򶷣лѪҺմȾȥģֻˣһǾ졣
߻ɳɴ˸绰æһǼ˵ԽԽãҲûʣԣֻСһ׮
ԼһСʱ󣬱屻ˡ
Ҫϡһ±˵һתתߡ
УҹȻ֮ͨܣӦǸոմӡģ滹ī
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ȥʱ򣬷Ѷʯӱȡ˳ųһЩɷ󣬲ŷ
⳵ȥǸסС
ׯڼһһڵĺƾƣ챻ֿ׹˵϶Ķżƿ챻еĵط˵ʹǽܣֻȾԼ
~
ﴫһ죬ǲ
ׯϾŭˣ嵽˳һŭȻ¾ĵģûһ˳֣ס˶֪ׯʱڼﲻϳͷ
ƿڴһͨׯ˲٣ҡҡλεĻȥȾƣȻոƱû͵أһ죬һõĲҲˡ
ġ
ׯŭˣ͵ţ¥ҪǸҲĻ쵰ˣˣһ˻治֡
Ȼׯոճ¥͸о͵һʹǱУǰһ˹ȥ
Ӱ߳ׯ뿪ȵһƧʱʼׯѪ
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Ҫȥʰһ£ܿ뿪
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ĳɵüɲׯסĵطҪЧׯİ취϶ǲˣ涯ֵĻ׻ᱻ˷֡
ҲѲ
ڽһī߽ҹܻᣬϻīȻ֣ڷ˼СѺҲûˡ
УΧŮŮģ֬źζ÷üͷ壬ָѶʯеɷ˳ɢ档
һк󣬷ߵһԣſˡ
ɷǱŵĸԷŴҹܻģмŮ˻ʢģܿ˳ͻ
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ңҳһš
û⻷»סҲ׷׳æ뿪ΨֱĳҲȥ
Ŀ꣬һ˳ֵġ
ĻֺһѹѹҲĵù¡
ߣ𱻾ȥˡ
˻Ȼûע⵽һīѸٿǡ
˫͵ץסĿ̧꣬һɨʣ༸ȫҽһֵ˶û壬ͱɨɳȥ·
΢һŪιȥҹܻĺ˳ȥĿʼѪ顣
һˣЧ
˵ѪҺͿĨʱһֱûжĹ˱仯
ӽ£ԿѪ͹˷Ӧ⼣ܽ⣬¶ɫ
̷ǳȴǳţΪ˱˵Ѫһһ߻ҹܻᡣ
ҹܻĻңѪǺ飬ºҲ໳ɡ
򳵻ص˱
ҵʱֱ仯ѾɣʱĹͨ嶼ɫȥ൱
һѹУ󣬿ۡ
ΧһѸģȥһΣڶһЩϡ


125 ӡͽ
񣨣⿪һطӡдٽȺ֮Ч
ӡһ㶣ǵһȻбӡĵرҲǽ⿪˵һطӡ
ǱΪӡ˵״̬зӡҪ˵߶пܣǸͬߡ
֮ǰ޷ȡϣΪĵر͹ںһ޷ֱ˴ˣһֵ״̬£֪ˣ״̬зӡ
ڵ޵ļ䣬Ƿģ걾ǵޣ˶ڱӡĵرҲǴʱŵ֪
֪ڷӡ״̬ĵر಻ࡣЩͷۣһЩԵɺϵӡһ÷ĵرϣҲ޷ʹˣҲǸ鷳˵۲϶ܶȡվҲǱѶȡ
ֻϣӡһЩˡͷ漴˼תЧ
δıֻڷӡУ޷ȡãǴٽȺܣ൱ǿ
ǷΪĴӣ˵ֻкСһְˡ
׽⿪һطӡһҲչ˳
ȺͲˣֻҪƵȺģܷã࣬ǵϵϣ԰еĻݣܵӰ죬Ӷ׳
ȻΪĵرҲ޵ġȵȣĵر
סˡ
ڻ״̬ǰûע⣬ʱȴǾɢģԭĺɫ⣬棬Ȼһ㼫ĺɫ⣬׺Թȥ
ǡĵرһһĵرǻɫģĵرǺɫ⣬ĵرǺɫ⡣
ǵãǶĵرɫģǰΪ˽⿪ܣϸϸĹ۲ȷŲῴ©ôɫ⣬ǽһطӡ󣬳ֵġ
ˣ˵⿪ӡʺ͵ȼչ˳Щ˷ܣһĵرˣǷʱǶȣǻʵģΨһϧǣĵر񻹴ڱӡ״̬
Ҳ֪յȽף⿪ӡ󣬻
δ֪ģмطӡ
ֻȷһˡ
Դ˳״̬
һطӡѽ⣬ЩõûˣֻҪͻãɲԼסĵطΪʢеڣǻŵģҪȹرһС
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һʼ֮½ΧڵĴɽֻ֮ñص˴󺣳ϫʹĺ֣ķҷͺ˵ϢɢݿȥҲǱûˣҾڿʩΪ
ûз֣ɽ֮ʱס·صƺһּ¶Ѹعƽ
ɽ֮ڷָ⣬ָǧڹϻţһӵͼγڹ
ŷһʻ䣬ɢ۵Ĵɽ֮ͼҲǳ׳ֻͣһӵĹڹײ̨֣ӿȥܿͽ˽ȥ
ɢȥɫѾʧһɫȥ൱Ĳۡ
~һĻ˿˰ϵĺˮ½˵óֶΣȷʵЩǿһǳɹˡ
ĵرԷΪཫرһ£ʱͻԶʧЧҪظʱΪ
ѹŻض¥䣬ϴ˸󣬾ͳ˯˹ȥ
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ȫԸ˶־ΪڶƷŬš
ΪҵûЩҵĳªϰҲעڲ磬ʱУǳġ
˶ŬҲûţҪǵڶƷһƷ
˵󱸣иʵѡ񣬷ǲἱŰóġ
µõĹһʺĵرİ취ŵʱ򣬾۲쿴֮½ϧǣˮƽϵٶȻ죬ڴֱϣȴ൱˷ʱûһĵر
Դˣ׼
Եĵر̫٣ǲصҪô֣ҪֵĻ϶һѷĳ
ƿа칫ҵţҪȥȴͻȻһ㶣ŵˣȴǴɳһԾܵ˷ǰЦţſֱ۾Ҫ
Ԩ΢ЦſֳֺԨݺӵһ¡
ˣΪһǹֳԨ
ǹѾȥ˼£ֳԨģģ֪ǹѾûдˡ
˿˵ǹĽˡ
ȻҴк͹ˡֳԨؿᴸһ£Ц
Լİ칫ңȻеĵÿνȥǰɨһֳԨιԣȷǳϲ
ٺ١ֳԨԴЦ
оôߵһԣֳԨ˱裬˹ȥ
üˣ˵ȫѪ裬ҲܱסһֳԨмйѪϺ֪ȵģѪ衣
ĸмǳĵġ
Ѫж֪ΪûпʼзˮǰµļֵǹƵĳټֵǧĶȴüͷһ£͸ˡ
ҿʲôˣǰҵһǹ˰֣⡣
ֳԨһǹͷ˵Ѫ裬ǸĶԥó
ֳԨҲˣܿ˵Ц
ιǴҸĸģٹ죬үүİʮ٣үү㡣ֳԨ˵óһϡ
Ȼͨѹżӡһ֤ͨɼҪȥĵط֮ɭϡ
õģʱһȥ˵ּҴѹңֳԨүүӰλǰҲȥһ
ҵʱ㡣ֳԨһЦ˵Щˣֻ˳֣ҪȾƵġ
ãֵȥúúһȻܾȾ֮佻һ;
˿ȥ˼ҾƵ꣬ƴߵʣôȶֳԨľҲǼ󣬺ܿ죬ԾͶһѵľƿúֳԨ۾ˣһͿʡ¡
εľƺȵ治٣ҲЩͷΣ˻Դ˺һЩѡ
Ǯ֮󣬷ֳԨֱؼҡ
صĿɨһۣɫʱˡ


126 ʧ
Ĵб˿ĺۼ
סˣúͷ֮УԿ׵ģ˴Կ׿϶˴绰Բš
ɫֳԨ첽˱
ȻϣбĺۼǶһЩ˻ȥȻͨǳضĿġ
ǵķ䣬ͷķ֮أصչˣԷǳġ
źüĵرɫ΢䣬һ¡
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ʣµġ
һ䣬ٶȻص˿ֳԨɳϺ˯Ŀ˱õĵطɫʱѿ
Աĺۼȵţ򿪱ʱ֤һ㡣
Ķʯ֮ʯϾҺȫɣտҲ
ǲ֪кâһЦ
ʣ˳ڼҵʱ򣬵˱͵ԣĿҲ൱ȷǳĵرġ
ֵˣԷĵ黹ϸ£֪ǶڣֻҪȥռ䣬Ҹֹ֪Ĵԣѡ˰
һϸµģԷͷС
ȻˣҲûãǺܿƽ
û͹Ҳû˵ʲôԷͲ֪ĵرģͲŹ͹
֮Իȡ߶ʯ֮ʯϾҺ¾ΪǲڱԵʣ򲻻۵ĶʯҲһȡߣϾҪ˵֮ʯͬһ㴿⣬׾ܿʯһ㶼ˡ
ĵģһԼϳĵرģȻԷϵãҲͲ̫ˣڵϣԼǶһ޶ġ
ҵĶΪӵĵ𣿡ȻЦ
ȡֻȴ˸绰лѩ
ѩʲô쳣𣿡绰һͨʵ
쳣ûƽ࣬ʲô𣿡лѩһ㶣漴Ӧʵ
ûʲôһС⡣΢Цοлѩһ䣬͹ҵ˵绰
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֪ΪԼóˮѪǰδеϡƷòΪ֮ۺ죬϶˻ɣԼ߾иϡƷ
ԷӦòеˣ϶˼ҡ
룬߳˸һûţžͱ˴ˣһ±վſڡ
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ˡ
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ܿ÷Ѫɾţǰ;֪֪֮ҵĸУٺʡǱޣϺͷùϵԼĶ飬˴δͼıĵرͷֻͷã֮Ҳܳƶ
ˮһ£ɳͷţ˵ԼʵѡǺͷùϵʮƿˮδؾȫϡ
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һ㣬Էʮıʮһ뿪Сʱ̫뿪С૵
Ҫ֪ɲǽԷŪע⣬̣ʱδܳС
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ֻҪУֻߡ
ı֮½ϵţѾеĵ̣˵лԶΧһȻϯ
֮½ķӣӭֻҪһɨҵԷλá
һӣҲ˷ѲķΧҪ֪֮ʯϾҺǷһģĵر˵ģʼմڱ״̬Զһĵر׸Ӧ
ȻУУҲ£׽ˣֳĶ϶ǲתƵģҶԷ벻ܸӦĵر
˿ʱ䣬ӦѾжˣ˹ȥֳԨŪѡ
ֳԨЩԺԴҲеʹ
ߣҳȥ͸͸ֳԨļ򣬵Ц


127 
֣ôôྯԱڼʻϣֳԨ¶ɻ֮ɫ
һ·˲ٺХľ·СУ̲ľԱǾ
΢΢һЦ֪ҿʼжˣне̺ʽѲ飬ԽԽãΪľǾԷŷҪķӴܡ
©򣬲ѹȹȥԷӣǽ˱֮½ķΧڷصķ
ӱʱǷֳԨѾˣԸµĽӹ˿񣬷˺ϣ۾΢΢
ۣ
ׯ԰
не̺ʽѲ鿪ʼ绰ûϹĿѹ֮
ϾʡУܵĹעСôĶȻ
ίҵ绰ׯɳ㱨
ǵˡɵ˵ͷ΢΢Ц˵ίǣƵĴ绰飬ԵľͲ
³ҪҪͣׯ˰ѺЩ
û˵ֻǻҡҡͷ
Ȼ˾Ҫȥûа;ϵĵ÷֮ãʵϽԮʱɰͲ÷ĴԽԽãԽԽá
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ˡ
ۣ۲ű֮½ķͻȻıֱ֮½ΧڣȻ⣬һڣһһĵرĵر϶Ƕʯ֮ʯϾҺ
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áת˰죬ʹĵֳԨû˵ԥĵתͷʻ˻·һٿȥ
ճ򣬱ǽŵģҪϹȥȻҪһʱ䣬ǶԷ̫ӳ֮½ķΧ
ĵر⣬ڱ֮½ΧڻƶţٶȲ죬εĵ̺ʽѲ飬ҲһЩԷ϶̫ҵע⡣
˺ܿͳУĿ
ʯأϽسǡ
ɽɽׯʯظߵסһڵĽγ۽ɽׯԱ۳ƣѡ˷С
ڣɫѺڣγһ¥ǰͣ˴ӳȫ࣬Ŀ䱸ķһϣһ
³󣬽ŲͣĽ¥
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λΣգȻôĶһСĨ˰ѺˮЩµ˵
ҵô£ȻΪһˣֳôĶ磬ô༸Ҳ񼡣
˵ţ˵Ŀⶼ˴е죬硣
һ൱Ĵ󺺣һ׾ŵߣͬһ㣬ηҲǴ˴жĸˡ
˵ˡһڣ˶˵ˣǱָˣУҵ̫󡣡
Ŀҵʲôϵ޹أжĿѾﵽҪ飬ǾѶߡ
ҵĶ̫ˣǵһЩֶòʱΨһģȰѶС
סİȫҪǼ㱻ץҲҪ𣿡ͺһ
ס˶ࡣ
˵Ŀ⣬ıϡ
磬ϢѾͳȥˣӦҪСʱܹǲȷһ¶İȫ
һ·Ǳ룬ûüȷ϶İȫһС͵֮;˰ȴûз֣Ǵˡ
˵ͷѱϣСӸӡ
СɽŪģ顣
Сӣͨװ磬ð֮ķ֮Уӷı͵˶
ǣ硣С˱ŵĶһһȡ˳
һҲʯͷһɢŵ󣬴ޱȵʯԼһСƿɫҺ塣
СӸ˵
Ưʯͷ֮ʯޱС̲סа磬˵ʲôͷҪǲϧ۵͵
ô࣬޹ءü򶨻ʯϾҺĿҲʮֲ⣬룬ʵ
СģסĵطĶ㶼óˣ
ţʵûʲôĶڱôƯ϶СӺܿصĶ˳СӴ
Ȼֱ治ʲô⣬񡢷ȶˣҲڱ䣬Ͼ֮ʯĲűߡ
Ǿˡ˵ͷûжʣСӸץž֮ʯ̲סüŻȥ
СЩᣬȻŰ鲻ԸҲֻӡ
ʱͻȻһԡ
Сġ
ɫ䣬Ƕսˣ˷Ӧ
һ󲽣嵽źСڵϼڵһ㣬ٽӽ˴ʣҲѸҺ塣
С̽ӣٿ˴һֻۣһͷڲԶһ̣żԼ
С˸ȫƣʣ༸˶ʱи
Ҳ˾裬ϾΣȫѲĹؼʱڣݲ˿
ףʯͷôһ㡣Сӿ۾֮ʯĺһ
³ͻȻûü¾֮ʯ˾˵ϣʱ߰Զ
ɫҲһ䣬ϸȥȻЩͬ
߻ԡ
С˼Ȼصǰ֮ʯǱԭȣȻ仯Ĳԣȴֱĳ
ʯͷǸôһ˭ʶˣ֮ʯĲ
ϵĻ⼸һ𣬷Ƚԣڻãã˵רŵԲ˵ɫ΢䣺̫ΣˣСģʯͷõĵطȥܰǷһ𡣡
áСӸ˵ͷͬһӶȫŵԽԶԽãǵǵӦ֮ǰҪˣ˵ʱȥû
ʮӺСӷ
аţԶˣǿʯͷˣеףһ㶼쳣Сֹ
ˣǾ̫ԶˣӦòᱻ˵ͷ
Сģæ۵ĻȥϢһᣬȽӦ˿ˣٽ㡣˵º˽⣬٣յ˵Ӧúƣ˲ǡ
ˣ磬ڸеĺܡСӺЦ´󹦣Ƚ˷ܡ
༸Ҳ΢ЦǰιͲССģǽ˰Ҳûежƣ
ʱ򣬷ֳԨҲǽ˻ʯأɽɽׯķʻ
ۿĵرֿǾ֮ʯϾҺĵرķֿ÷һ㶣мЦ




128 
˵Ϊ
ϾҺжô£һģŰ£ƾ̼ʧȥһ߿ʬˮصˣܵϾҺӰ죬ǰˣǴһ
ֵģΨһܿϾҺģǾ֮ʯЩȴѾ֮ʯϾҺֿˣ¶ϾҺ֮£ȫ
ĵرУֻо֮ʯϾҺǶĵر˷Լῴ
˵ϾҺʱˮص֮ܶǰֲֻҪӰһͻܵӰʱ䳤ˣͻᱬ
տʼЩ˻оʢԽԽо񣬶ʱ䳤ˣҲԽԽãһԽȥһжǺõģʵϣȴǸȼĴۡ
ݶһĻȫԲȥܣǰϾҺȥ֤¹򣬾ͻһˡ
ⶫΣգҲÿƣճɳ޷ʰǾһѣ̫ˣȻˡ
ϾҺǿԼΪá
Ԩͣɡɽɽׯ׵ĵطֳԨѳͣ
Ҫȥ£㲻ҪˣңΣա˵
ֳԨԣԥ£ӴĺܣҪȻҲ淽һðգһΣҲȡ˵ѵȻˣҪ˼ҶֻǺѣǿиȥĻֻΪ׸
áֳԨ˵ͷ
ɽɽׯбϵͳ㱣ȫûڷҹ䣬Ǳ롣
˸ƫƧ䣬ǽһ˾ͽڿգɽׯ档
ûֱȥʯϾҺõĵطԶ·Ѿ֮ʯȡ˳
ǸСΪصأᱻκ˷֣Ȼȴ벻׵ûһĵر
ĿԶкâһ
Ŀ¥ۡ
ˡ
ⲻ󡣡

磬ӦôûʢСӸȥ
Сģôô񣿡Щ֣˴󹦣񿺷ܣҲûһֱȥģСҲˣûһֱ޷ƽ
е㲻Ծ
~
ЩʱͻȻһ죬ƺʲôϡ
˵˲ӦԣصĹأصĶأһʹ˸ɫ˻⣬Сߵǰ۾ȥͨè۹۲档
ȻûйȥҲǱߡ
ʱ
~ϵĲͻȻƬһӰ콵뷿С
֡ͫ׼ʱƴģ϶ǵɣһӴ˳˹ȥ
֪ˣǷ
ЦעǱʱƴ룬ӦʱѾվ˺ʵλãҽ̧΢΢һȻ̤¡
~֮½Χڣʵǡ
ɴ۾ڷҽºⷿӶʱҡ˴ƵģҾ߶ҡŵ¡
³ͻȻ˭Ҳû뵽־䡣
⣬ȫȲסԼ壬ᣬǱСӸǵùıһƿУʱͷѪ
~УϾǾ֡
üͷ΢壬ȴûͣ£͵ǰһ壬һŷɳӴʱصײбɳϣһѪ
󣬷ƶʣ༸ûеʱɱ֮ʩչ׹ѣֽȫڵأ⣬ʣ˶衣
׾٣ͽֲˡ
е𲨳䲻⣬ҪʰǣҪһֽţ˵ӳⷿӣȻûЯǹеҲ˱µԭ
ߵ䣬Ǹ˳ȡ˶ʯϾҺŻԼڴ
㡣ʱſ˷ǳȻĿƬ
˵˭ġߵǰûдȥҲΪ˱ƹ
㲻˵Ҿɱǡ
ԣɫʱ䣬ó˵ĳõв
˵㲻ҪɱǣֻһӶ֯ˣûޡ˵
⻰ȷˣֻ͵ȡĵرڷˣȴһûȥ˺򣬷飬ҲԹȥľʬˡ
֯ͷҲ֪ʲôͷԷֻǸĿ񡣡Щæеʱ򣬶Էǿϵίǣйϵ
ίǣ΢䡣
ϴɾͺ˵ˣҪԸû뵽ôˣӶ͵Լĵر
ôϵʵ
⡭ǴɣЩԥһ飬ʱ˸飬æ˵ӦˣһСʱͻʱǻϵǡ
ܺáЦ͵һСʱǺηʥ
ղ˵ߣʲô˼˸ղУʡ
⻰ʱЩŹ֣Ϊǽߣû뵽ʶû˵
Ҳʵʵ˵˳νߣͨ˸ǿˣǶǳԽͨ˵ļޣͨ˱Ǿǳˣ˱ߡ
Ȼͨ˵嶼м޵ģôŬܳԽǿԼʹóַ˼ֶΣŻỳԼǽߡ
˵ˮ𣿡ͻȻһȥϢͨ˵ˮء
ˮأ˵н򡣡Ȼ¶ŨŨļɵ֮ɫ
ԭǾǽߡˮصˣͨҪǿ࣬˵󲿷˶ûг༫޵ĳ̶ȣȴѾǷǳǿˣֲҲĳ̶ȡ
˵ˮصǽߵĻôĽҲ˲²⡣
ˮصĻǶһ޶ģôĵر˵ʶĿԵɺ£ᱻֲҲǲܡ
νĽߣӦþܵĵرӰֵģ͵ûпɱԡ
ʣҪδǣû˵̲סĵļ尾˳ǽߣȫˡ
ǹӶͷûʲô𣬸ò飬ܲ˭
֪ҵܡƳһۣʱһΪҪɱˡ
Ҫܼ򵥣Ӷ֯ߣΪЧʮ꣬Ҿͷǡ
ĳĽߣúΪҰ£ҿԱ֤ҲǳΪߡ
⻰һ۾ɵıͭ廹
ߡ㲻˵Ц
Ų㡣
ԺＱתΪߣջ̫ˣ»ãԸȥһӦҲܷ뿪
ãԺͰˡ˵
˵ͷȴŽӦ˵


129 ˣͱ
ǣǷµĵڶˡ
淽ĹˣȻԶδܵõΡ
ҲûϾͽҪ½ȥ죬Ҫȵʩ۷ǷܷãΪӶǣʵĿܱͨȵģֻҪǿΪߣаտסǡ
Ϊޣ˽ĵرķҪߣҪä׵Ķࡣ
˵ģǷеϾҺ;֮ʯߵȻǸ൱ģˮôܵĵرӰ죬Ĵ󲿷ȻͻƲ༫ޣ㲻ýߣͿɼһˡ
СӸˣŪѹû֣Ǿܻʹȴûʲô󰭡
ǽԵʱ򣬷£ԼԼľ
տʼЩңĿһɨȰ˵ҲˣУžߣľ˺ٻΥûǿӦ͵
˵ǽߣͶ£˵гΪߵĿˣȻڣûָ̫ܰ쵽վǸϣ
˷ջĿ⣬ԭЩѹֵϢҲ֮ɢ˲٣˲ΪԼЧĻǷԲԥɱӺȻ²ߡ
һŶӣ˴˼꣬ɱһˣͻʣ٣˵ʲôʱᷴˣһҲʧȥշļֵˡ
ҲǺһ㣬˵༸˵ʱǲģʱ󹦸ɣ̲ס˿СӸ֣
Сģ
СӦһţ˷ǰ
ϰ壬кģǶСģȥı͵ģ˵ţɫϰǸ
ģ͵ĵرˣ·ǨŭǰǸ
Բϰ塣ȥԼȻȥһ߼͵ʱ̲סһ亹
ξˣֻ͵˶俴һۣʲôˣѾһˡ
ŷΧ¶ƺ½࣬׵ĺĸ졣
Ҳ֣Һֻ͵ͷûġ
˿ỳɣɱǵһߣǼǹеδػǶ֣ԷҲǹеĻǸǲһˡ
˻֣˿ȥ˵ȴš
ʱһһȥеЩأû˸˵
~
һͻ˳š
ϲæóԼֻҺøղŴ򶷵ʱûв
˵ͷúƽͨ˵绰
ι
Ϊʲôôٽӣˣǳܵ𣿡绰ﴫһɳƵżŭ
ղ澭Ϊеˣ͵˻ᡣɫ˹ȥ
ߣʯ⣬ǰСʱڸϵԷ˵һ仰ͺԥĹ˵绰
ʯ⣬Էܽ
˵Ŀվߡ
ԣϣԺ㲻Ҫѡ
ƮƮһ仰һ亹ָ֪ǰ治ɫӦ˵¡
Ǵ¥ͳӣǰ·ЮֹģҲΪȫһЩʱس⵹ǲԶ
ֳԨ˸绰ƽȻȥˡ
ʮӺһ˿س⣬Էָĵص㡣
һ˳ûҹɫУһȥĻ˵ԷͲˣ֣ԶһЩҲ޷
˸ϵ˵ص㣬Χģ˳ƺ󣬲
˻ûü
ĵĵһֻýŲ𣬶һߴӰҹɫ˳һʮľ׳ӣĿ
أһڣ˾˳ǰ绰ǵˡ
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ı׳оʢ־ҪȥץȻȴԤϵˣһ㣬ûþ׳ӵ֡
ʲô˼׳ӵɫʱˣ
һֽǮһֽ𣿡Ц
׳˿𺣺ô֪õģǲҪģ
ȷǮͻǹӶ֯˲ɣӶ֯ˣأͨ֯ɽףе͹׵ϾֽЯף֯棬ӶҲȫһЩ
ǰΣӲˡһڣݺݵӳƾʲôЩԵļһﶼҪɣƱǾͲˣЩѪǮ߶
εӶ٣üһˣǾͿˡĹЦһӿڵ
ôǮ׳Ӽˣû뵽¡
ǲܡмһǮͱûģȫշķԸ׼ʱ䣬סЩ˵ע⡣
Ӧˣ϶ֹһһ㷽ֻ֪һ˵иڰҪʱ䣬һһγ
ن£ϰѶңûк³׳ӼˣбͲǵĵ̣ԭȴõ̾˶ߣͣ
𣿡ɫҲɢɱ⣬ļҲƣһԲϾͶֵĴ㣬Ͷĵһ£ǵȻҪá
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֮£׳ֻЭ
šĿһۣ翴һ㣬Ȼǵĺþ׳Ӷɱ⣬Ȱ
õһҪǡ﷢źģ׳ߵһԣ˵绰ƺʾ
һõľ׳˻ֽһ˲ǵʺűͷת˸ǡ
СġԺĵ˵ͷ
ʺŰ룬ţ315ͷԣ367Ҳԣſϵˡװģţδ⾫׳ɣһᣬǺܿ챨һֳ
׳߿һᣬܿ۷ǮѾתˣأ
˵ת˾תˣûյϢм
ǡ׳һţ³Ѫǲ˵ģԺһ˹ʱ䡣
ҲӦ̫Ūˣ׳ȫĵرϣûϸãεķġ
á׳ɫ䣬Ҳ˶ˣתҹɫУȻűףҹɫһХ
һµӣ۵Ķǰ˼Ȧ֪ţ
Ȼˣ𣿡



130 
δĺˣ׳¶ŵɫ
Ǻһͬ飬ȻȴҲ˶ԶȻϢʰˣȴһ㶯û
Ҫ֪Ȼ˵Ŀûкܿ췴Ӧ׳һֱܾעܣϾյأҲȥһЩûжϳ˵ĿģȻôСģȴûвҹɫеɱ¾
˵ˣʲôʵ
ˣͱˡӺڰ˳
㡣׳¶ɫ͵ϣ֪кǿʵҲǿҵģ֪ԷȻǿֵز׳Ը԰첻¡
׳ɫ䣬ҪȥȴΧ
Žң׳ӵɫЦһָͬ㣬Ѿʲôˣҿһֱɻϣͽ˹
ڼ⣬һֱɻ׳ǣǳֱɻģȻǵԶҪ磬˷ǲŲ֪Ҳȥ󣬲Ųһ
˵ʱֱɻϣĿܣ׽ˣֱɻΪģһ飬ûֶ˺󣬷˹
㡭⻰һ׳ӵɫױˣһ˿ҲȻ޴棬ֶͬ˵һȻɵġ
̶׳¶׺֮ɫˣڷĴͻΧȻĶ죬׳ӲŸ˳ȥ͸еһɲҵϢڱ󱬷룬һ̣·ǧսţڵء
˿죬Ҫ֪ǵ
ǡӦһѶ棬ǵľɸḻ
һž׳ȥˣĺˣȥΧβ
ǸӳĺѾˣΪ˲ݾߣߵľ׳ӣ֣ҰԼͷϵû˿顣
ĵҵʬ壬һ⣬˶˲
ϣȴû̫Ŀ־壬ȻǱϢĽӽĹ̫Ѹ٣ǵûзĲס
һĻĵɫ䣬ڷľη֪ûѡͶϵĻô⼸ˣɾǵ³
ԭĵ׻еһЩʣʱҲɢ
ѶֶεȷһףһСʱѪ˻
ôĿ˹ȥ
ʳˡ˵ͷǶҵˣһڳҵĵλߣ֪Ĳ࣬δ͵Ķƺ׸һߣҪȡ˼ҡ
ʡң
ʡٺʡʡҷȴû˵ǶԷǿǰûнӴ
𣿡ü
ĽߣǺǿģƾǸΣ߱ǿĻȷǲСĴڣôһȷʵüʵһأǲ֪ô֪ĵر׸Ǹ߻ã˵ֻǲ²⣿
ΪϵóĵرǷˮѪȳʵƷöԷΪЩýɣϾϡΪ󣬶Чˡ
˵ңǶʡǿһ塣˵
֪ˡĮͷܳǿǿǵԼͷϣԼҲԲ
ίӦǶҷֲģǵãӾճӦǳҵˡ
߰ɡֳҲʰɾˣ漴뿪ΪսƷֱɻ򱻺Ĵһ˸ˡ
Ӷ֯᲻ʲô鷳ϣʵ
һ㣬ʧܺ󡣡ʵʵĻش
Ӷ֯Ƶģ£ʧܣͶ˷ҳ˹϶鷳ң϶ǲŹǵģˣҪȥӶҲܡ
ҲֻʵʵڷߣΪЧ
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ڽһȥһ˿â鶫ңԽϸԽãǸߵϣҲҪ
ǡһ࣬æӦ
ǣ̫ΣʱýҪ£һЩԲҪ£ܽȥ
һǧǸǵĽͣ˳ץסЩˣǹͲСӶ֯ҲдۣҲһڡóһſݸ
һǧ򡣡ֶڲ
Ӷְҵȥƴ͵ĶΣճ̶Ȳߣ껹ٵ൱ģ󲿷ʱ񶼺Σգ˼ӶҲû¶Ǯ
һ־һǧǼ֡
ǮȱҲǸ֣绨ȥġ


131 ˮȥ
ص
Ⱥɴ˸к˵Ѿ꣬еĵ̺ʽѲҲͣˣлɺ󣬾͹˵绰
ˣĵرʧ¼ǸһˣĻָʹҲ˳
ҡ
Ȼ˳ҪȥҲûô죬ϾԳ˽̫٣Ҫǵĵ󣬲źж
ʧԣҲ˸ѡ
ĵرڼȷʵȫԼһ쵽ڼҵġ
˵ΧбڣģǲڱĻȻͻ½üΣϾҵķҲ޵ģܺҷ֣ңҲ̫ҡ
Լ飬ǾԼΪá
ʧԵĵرʯҪձڵɷܶͻֹ¼ԾסҲá
˵֮ʯϾҺϣסúͷ֮УǵӰ±ֽʱһʲǿвٺô
ֻˡͷ֮ʯ̫ۣǲܼˣһߣϾҺҲûǶʯûʲôϵ̫ˣһڱҲᱻߡ
ĵرᱻϣҲΪڷڱ𴦣¸ע⡣
ҪҲףҹһ˳УٶȻصʯ⣬Ȼץס׳ǵض
ʯأбı֮½Ψһϯسǣʱ֮½ŵĲûͣ٣ٶҲڻţҪҲҪһңȲôá
˼ƫƧĵط˼ֱѼʱòŵĵر˽ȥȻַһֽţھĺۼڲغã˿жĺۼ⡣
ѡĵطںƫƧĽ⣬ƽ˶پܸӦĵر򲻿ܻᱻȡߡ
ڲرʱ򣬷Ҳûǿۣ۲ܣУû˳۷Χڣ˿
֮ԲǸΪǱ֮½췶Χʱض۲쿴ǵĶһ⣬ϾӦԣУûôˡ
ˡƣվ
ʱǲüĵرˣ
Ҳǳ֮ơЩͷۣõǱ취ĵر̫󣬷Ľ˱ܣһЩʱòĵرһʱ䲻ȡòӰ졣
Ǹ磬дƷûеģҲûǸһЩĵرҲдռ䣬ûаԼҵУʱҲ˵׼
ʱ˵ǲڱ֮½ķΧΪȫ
ַҲҪöá
ȵ½㣬Ӧþܽһ鷳ˡ쿴żе޵˿
ڱ֮½ͷ༸¹ԼٶȽ
ʱ䣬ȵ
ֳԨЪһͻȥˣԼõ죬ӷ
е⣬ҲǾ۲쿴֮½û·ֵĵر뾫ƷỹһңҲµĵرҲֻܰóˡ
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ȣģ˭𡣡ֳԨ˼Ȼŭ
ǰʮ׵ĵطͣͬûҿȥһ򿪳ţ
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135 ʹ
죬Сû𣿡ֳԨŭ
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죬ҵǳҼİӣڵһֹ˾ϰ壬׼ӵܣͶСǴš
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ֳԨˣԷûԼ˻ôĳ٣ԾҪԼŪĻͷƵģôȥ
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ߵǰֳԨû˵һȭ˹ȥһȭУǵɡ
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ͳһģˣǸӺȻڣһİ꣬ӦҲǳӵܣȴûмԭǳڵĳûˣ档
үӰʮ٣ҵˣȻҪġ
ˣҪȥүү١˵ĲˣֳԨͷ˸кʹߵֳϡ
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ڳˣǺּеģү˵ѿȴҲݼָС⣬Ҳֻзͻƽˡ
Ȼһ˵꣬Ŀ˹


137 ʲô

һڽг˷֣ЦҶСһμүүӦһݴ𣿡
Ǹеķ
ԭǷ
ʡٺʡϣ֮ǰѹҵжֵǷ꣬Ҳˮ棬Щߣʱһ˵һЩ˶ʱ¶˾ɫϸŷ
ĿעûʲôĻƽȴЩ
ʱүͻȻ˵ע⡣
˵Ҫʲô񡣡үӻ
үӵݣȻϡô˵ˣӦμˣҪʲôֳԨ˰죬Ҳѹûпǹ
үһʱƻˣֲĿ衣
ʲôģСӵ⣬үүʲôݣҲҪЩ񣿡ֳԨ̲ס
ǺǣֲϾСӵһⰡҲܺǵģǰɡЩͣһЦԲ
үž޲ͳҵүе㽻飬ЩãҲϱֳ
үүϡջȥɡֳԨԷȲ
˵СӲʲô졣һ
⻰ֳԨɫ
裿䡣
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һλߵķ֪
ɫ΢䣬һסֳԨϣ嶯СӺ˵˲õˡ
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ʲôָ͵һιۼһҪ𾪣Ŀⲻоɫ
ֳ֪ԨͳĳͻģȻֻ֪ţڸϸϸȴǲ֪顣
Ҳáߵķأƾ츮ʡӰ֪ˣҲּǳңּҲǣǰһ
óĿĵóѣʱ࣬ιҲĬ
ӦһæӻͳһֽĽ֮⿪¶ŵʲ
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ȻǷˮŵĶʱ˾Ȼ¶Ź֡
ˮгĶҾȻ˵ˮļ۸û˵ķ൱أǣһ˿ǷĶ⡭˸е
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Ҫ֤ݣǿϵ鷽²ӦúͷóĶйء
ˮͣͳغˣҪȷˮļֵߣóҲͲˣѪ軹ĵر֮г»
Īιûүү񣿡ûж̲ס
СѣǺǣ棬ǶŴ۸ءЦеͬıóѵĺꡣ
ڷǰģƺֻʣӳҰڲһ·ˡ
졣ǰ̤һ˳ǰ̤ɱ֮֮ʩչҵϢ˽ȥ
಻һӵܰˣʶֳ棬˫һҽһ˹ȥһ̯ɫҺ塣
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ҲҪӰ죬Ҫ˰˱ߣûʲôȴǴˬϾճǱֵ̫ˣɡ
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ûбҪҵĻһߣûʲô˼ˣ񣬽ΪԼҪͣǳҵıȡ
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ڶƷмٰ죬Ȼ뺯ȴûͳ͵ȵˣ˵϶вյ뺯һʱյǲͬģأҲյ˸ӡ


138 һ
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ҼֱӺȳʲôνǵ죬Ǿ뺯ҲûȤֱӿҪֻͷá
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ңһıȻҪ֪֮вٹ˼ɣΪһȫǲһܳܵġ
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ˣԼĲõġ
Ϊһһ㹻ǿ֧ҵһнߡ
ǱȽ߸ǿǰ;ĵޣ֧ҵʾС
룬ȵԽԽ׳ԽԽǣÿһ˵񾭣ƳÿһƷȫӵ֮ӰУ϶죬̰ͷʶԼӵеǿʵͷѪ
Ӱ㷺֧ҵˣϷǿʵȻȻͻΪһǿ
עһ鲼ĵ·Ҳǿ᫵ĵ·ȴҲʺϷģĹǰһּҾסġ
ûдӦЩʧҲǲĽˣû̫ʧ
ֲҸøˡ˿ʱ䣬վ˵
һǳҡ֪һ뿪ҾͻӵϢ
΢΢һЦû˵кâȴһ


139 
ּסһߡ
ȵߣҵȷй˼ɣ컯²̫񣬵ͬģҲһвٹ˼ɡ
ߡתͷԻƽлֳԨ͵飬ͻƽгּңֳԨԼðա
һ뿪ּңû߳סĶ͵˳ҡ
ңһƻͨ
衢ι۵˶档
顣һȭ˻ϣЦ
С֪ȻʱּңǾѰ·Ҳʡһֽš
ϱȳŭͺ޲ðѷҡ
磬᲻թСӦòôɣ֪ҪʰҲʱôҲİĵܵܣҵĶ
ѵ˵ּҺСˣҪһѣɫһɱһ֪ҺǳԣЩʱʦ֣ǡ
ιߣӵнΪһʸ󣬳ȻЩĿһС
Сʵһֱû˵ιóһ
ʦ˼ǣЩԤУ˳Է׾پʹ˳죬ʱ˿ĭʵѵҲǸߣ
С̫ˣ϶̣Ҹǵĵ飬Ҳ൱ǿǰǲһҲüͷ
Щѹ֣뵽ǽߣóؿڸŲƵܡ
Ҫģô׳ΪģСǰǸͨˣûʲô⣬ǽߡιҡҡͷ¶һ˿ЦǽߣͲҵĶ֣Сҵӣ֪ߺһǲԽǵ
ʦԳ϶ֵһ䣬תͷۡ

һ׵ľ޺Ӧϼ𣬳˱ըԵ
ҹǶӵȥɱСҲͲʦˡԸ۾޺ּһ䣺ǲĵܵܡ
ҹǶӣǳ˽ֱԳҾҳϣ޺ۣҹǶӵ졣
Ļʱ¶ǿҵɱ⣬ܵܣǰȥнӦǵǸ׳ӣһȥ
۴̤˳ȥ
˰æ̽ʵιȻҲ֮˳ȥ
ûֳԨͣ⣬ͻƽܲܲȥУȥ֮ǰҪֳԨľüա
Ӿͣ棬Ҳûпһ߳סͿˡ
ƽ˼ʻϣϰ壬𣿡
ҹС
ҵ϶Ҫʱ䣬಻㣬ǻеʱӦû϶Է
֮ԣûֱɱңΪһ²޼ɵֱɱ̫ĿŵˣιкεʵҲ֪飬˽Էʵǿ£óȻɱԷӪΪ
ңҲҪȻһС
ƽӣճ³һȦβ۶ȥûнֱΧʡٺʡ
ҹ˾ʡϵĳӲ࣬ȵǿҪٺʡؽʱͻȻ޴Ǽٿţһյִ̽յƹǳϣѷͻƽ˳
תͷȥһֱɻǿ˹
ʱоһɼǿҵΣԼϣɫʱ䡣
Ҫһץס˿Ļƽһֻڼճһ£˶ʱڿնȥ뿪˼ճ
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ҪȴʱͺȵƽᣬһԵĶȴֵĺʱ

׼һ㣬ëû۾𣿡
ɵСӣΪ۸ĵܱܵ𡣡
ֱɻϴ̽յһֱŷǱҲزסԼӰӣϷʵĿ·ܵķųǹɨţèϷĿС
֪Ц
ҹѰﲻףοٶȣڰҲ˦ֱɻ֮װģΪ˸Լһõսˡ
Ծٶȼ죬ֱɻԶʡһƧڣͣ
Сͣˣ

ҵ˲ƴ̼ŷһ·׷ɱǵ͵˼㣬ȫû
治֪ôģСҲûôãҿΪܱܵ𡣡۲мĿ·Ŀ䡣
ڳҵ˶ǹҪͣԭķɸʱȴǽżһһʮʯͷʱ׸ߡ
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سеʯͷֲĺХڵһеֱɻ
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ͻϮֱɻһζ£ǸųǹҲʧȥ׼ͷһӵ˿С
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ڵȫת˹ǰһ̻ǰѷɰӣȴǳ˷İӡ
ֱɻ;޴ٴ󲻹ĿˣͶ㲻ȥȻ׼ͷߣȴҲÿζֱɻȻʱ޷ȴҲֻʱ⡣
һʯͷݺײֱɻ棬ײֱɻҡţͬеҶ˭Ҳ޷վȡ
˵ɫˡ
գա۴ڻﲻϷ
ʻԱͻˣڵֱɻƲסƴŷˣֱɻȥ
Ȼ֮ǰΪ׷ɱֱɻѹĺܵͣʱҪȴûôףû׸ߣһʯڴǰĲʻԱԴƬ
ʧȥ˼ʻԱֱɻǺ˾Ƶçһͷ˵档
~
һûãֱɻ׹ĵط˾޴Ļͱըˣûܻ
ըʮ׵ĵطҡҡλεվѪ׹һ̣ƴ˳ûڱըС
ԶĻ⣬оǾɫ
˵ûע⵽һӰϢ˹һĨĨĲӡ
˼ɫҪתͷȥ˭תһ룬ʧȥȻء
ƽЦһϵ˷ڵء
ϰ壬˶ˡ
˵ͷͻȻЦĿڰĳ
𣿡



140 ߵȼ
ƽһݣæڰȥÿι۴Ӳ˳϶ʱ¶֮ɫǷѣֲιۡ
ôϷڿϳˣ
ιۺͳЩ˲һģûֱɻϣûбȥֱɻϣԽߵ֣Ҳǿġ
Ϊɵ˳ҵҹǶӣΪ˲𡣡ιһмٳûг֣۵˱ɵ뿴ʵ
ǿԶͨҪǿĶ࣬߳ʮʯͷÿŶֱܴɻҲҲ̾磬˵Ѿͨ˵ļޣǣҲˡ
еˣ;з˵ǲ˵˾ǽˡνߣȫ泬Խͨ˵ļޣǵһ棬֮ǰ׷ͿˣٶȲ죬ҹ¶޷ֱɻ֪Ҳˡ
˶ͨ˵Ǻǿˣιۿ˿ģΪߣͨ޷󼰵ġ
ΪеͿΪͨȷʵԣڽǰҲǸιۻ˻СĴָ
û˵ֻǶι˴Ĵָ󣬷ת¡
ϵıڸιۣ
ι۲ȻŭΪߵĽһͨ˵ƣϣԼٶȱƽ˷һкݺݺ˹ȥ
ԶĻƽûĶֻӰһι۾͵˷ǰ
ȻеһУȴǴˡ
ⲻܣôôٶȡιϵЦˣԸһٶ֮죬ӦӦ˵ˡ
϶ǽҡιۺܿԼ˸ɣٴϣ籩ĹʱȥȻĽȵ׵ǣٶ˿׾ٵĶй˵ˣһƬ½Ƕû
һԹսĻƽȴǿι۶ģĻӰڵϲŲתƣۻң˵Ķ޷壬˵ҹԵʣȴҲԿ˵Ķٶ֮졣
˭ǿ˭ƽ̲סΪ˰Ѻ
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һ죬˰죬ȴѹûιдϲڴ˷ϲ䣬ȴǸоһԶԼӶ洫˹ŵŵ˿Զ
ҵٶȣǿǽߣ㾹Ȼǽߡιʧ˳òһʵ
ôʵʧһֱι۹뿴ʵ֪ȴ÷ʧ
ι۵ʵˮЩ˶ҪǿǱƾȴǴвˡ
ôãҲһаɡ
⻰һι˾裬һ̾͸оǰһǰ
~
ι۱һȭɳȥʱһģɫ԰û뵽ٶȾȻҲ֮ϡ
֪Լڿ˵ȻȴԼ
ܣûƷĽҲһģôôױܣѵѵƷĽߣ˵һ䣬ι۵۾ʱɴˣоǺɫ
Ʒüͷһ壬
Խ߲˽⣬ԼҲ֪ߵĴڣǶԽߵǿȴǲһ硣
ιתͻȻȥҪŷעʱߣԼٶȣȻȲϷҲ˶ԶֻҪһ룬ҹɫ˳ߡ
ȻûӳԶ͸еһӹţʹʹòʱǰˤ˸ʵ
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ι۵ʵҲҪһֽţûʰͨôףĴ⣬̻̲ģҺͷսʵӲȻһ
شҵ⣬
ʣʣ֪޲ԡŷ۾ι۾֪û˵ѣʱµĲ
ǿĽߣͨ˵ʱȻһϸǿĽߣ˺ȥ˽αװ֮Ҳһ̰˰ˣҲͲẦߡ
мҲãʡٹ֣ƽݵ˹
ʣвʵĵط̡ܶȴι͵һ
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ʼʣιۻЩʵĲʵ֮ܿͱƽһͨĥԷ
֮ǰ˵Ʒʲô£
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νƷԷֳ켶ǿ˼ÿһֿԷֳǰڡںͺڣÿ֮Ľߣʵ඼ܴ󡣡
˵ͷ֪˽ߵʵǿ
ι۵ĻƲ⣬½ʵӦ˼ǰڡڻǺڣͲö֪ˣϾιҲǸûƷĽ߰ˡ
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ԣ˿Ȼؼﲻ࣬Լϵļʿ϶ߡ
ȻҲ˶ģι۲ʲôˣշ⣬ɢĴڣԼ֪ôΪߵģչʵ𲽽ӴǸȦӣ֪˽ߵĴڣ֪ʶ˵Ƿǳ
ڳ۹⣬ڽߵ˽⣬϶࣬ϾӴȦʵ̫խˡ
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ϾҲǽ߰ˣ͵ûпɱԵġ
첻ǽߣֱ֣ô£һԼȤ⡣
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ƽ˵ͷʾ⣬ιܿõһɫС
Һһ߽׹ģҲ֪ôŪģֻ֪ѪʯʱĳѪʯٶȺԡȷѯʣι۾˵˳
Ѫʯĺɫʲһɫʯͷ̻һЩ·ȻҲĵر
׷˼䣬ںι۽ĽϣԼ˽⵽ĽȦӣι۵ϼҲ˳
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141 ײеϾҺ
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ºۼǻȥɡ
ĺۼҪµģⷽƽ֣ûһͽ˴ڹĺۼɾ
ճɸӣܿˣҵЩǳֱɻģֱɻҲ׹ˣιۺͳҵ˲һ·ҲܴԶĶͽܶƽԶ˻ᣬܿҵι۵ĳӡ
һСʱ󣬷ͻƽصС
ûƽԼȥһˣȴûлеļңȥ˻ʯء
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Ƭ̺󣬷ڳĶУȡһĵر֮ʯϾҺ
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ȻĿŵҪҲӣıԻݡ
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Ӱ췶ΧڣǻоԽԽǿ׳ԽԽʢȼΪ۵ģȵû͸֧ʱ򣬵ȴǵģ
ϾҺжΣգƻж󣬷Ҳûһס
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һֱæҹæµһ죬ȴû˿ƣĸоܼܶȥ
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й˵˵Ĺǻ档
Ҳ˹ҵĴű͵ĴˣЩ˾ĿۿɼٶѸٸɱ񣬱һ߾߿ʬ


142 ֹ
ֻţͬһ㣬ϯҡ
˭˻ɿʬĳе󱳷ëȻʲһģ»ֱŻȥ
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˵˵ҵ˽ˣ벻˹⣬ʲô˿ֲĳ
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ټĳңǳǳģ⼸ҪһҶʱҵУûס棬ټסլֹ¼˶ȲҪ뿪ҵķѽߡ
ˡ
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棬үϣ۾ʲôȻһˣĴֳȴε¶֮ɫ
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һǰгһǰδаǿĳңȻһҹ֮췭ظ䵽ز
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ϾҺڳңվǸԭðȥȡ֮ĳֹԣȴƳԼж
ڸû˸ҽӽҵլټĳסҲˣ˶ȥˣסⲻ֮ء
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סլǱ˽ȥҹĳҾʵͨҲܽ
լһߣլ͸Ľ˿ҹľһԣûоǣֱƵһߡ
ϴž֮ʯǲϾҺӰ졣
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ʱ곤ҲˣɫҲ৵һ±òҰס
ҹģ캮ض˭飬Ҫ﷢ë
ҡҲŲйһװŪ곤˵ţĴǱ߻˻Σȴʲôû
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149 ڶν
ԺǾͬˡлѩЦ
֮ǰãУлѩŻ˵ӭʽ롣
⡭лǱ¼ȡˣУûлعϾǵĻش⣬ôĪķ¼ء
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елѩȥͷ˯ˣʱɫѾǰ


150 볡
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ſ˵ƣ˿ʱ䣬ָָ롣
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˵ѪĹЧԶֳԨǺܺõӣԸμⳡƷģ󲿷ֶѪõģϾʱ̫̣Ҫ˵ȫģ̫ܡ
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뺰¼𣿡ԹԹŵŮʵ
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153 
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ΣĽҲĵġ
ԶԶƷļֵ漣
Ѫ᳡ʱû̿ʼڶϡƷ
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ҲҪ⡣лЦ绨ƣ᳡滺֣ԭЩҵķΧ
衣裬һ¶˾֮ɫ漴
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ƷϡͺҲǸڳ˲ġ
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緽ϣľ۴ﵽǧ󣬾ͽͣôˣлιĶҲûжЧ
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ģһʮķӣʱ棬϶˷ܵ飬лɽȲĴλվԱԱĴ£ϯ̨
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154 ȫ
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֮һۣǾһǧ򣬵˵ֻǧ򣬾
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ʵϣȻƷϡͺ棬ڳˣ϶ЩǵģŰٶ֮һЧЧܵӾŰٶ౶ֻɣϻоŴλᣬüųֵھʱȽϽϾǲŸոսڻ24Сʱû̫ʱȥ˽οҲûֳԨӡ
ʱǲ̫Ĺ۵ģֻеȵԽԽоƷƷЧۿ۵ı֤ʵŻòμΣĿģЩСĲ࣬Ҫ֤
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ЩëҲǾҩƵģë࣬鵹Ƕء
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ѪȻˣǵļ۸Ѿ˳
ϣѪļ۸񣬶ҪڣȻо۵ڣвٵۣʵʼ۸ӦңܻٵһЩԺ۸вµֲ仯̫ʮڡܳ֡
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ôһǮĸ磬֮һʳˣܵɺݶ͵ӣԼ·Ҫߡ
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ڸ˵ԺͣǾԲŵģ˵̸֪ǳŴͷģĿȻΪĵرҲҲնɱֻͷĺ£ǿϸ
Ϊûǵ̸Ϊüơ
ǸӱŪѣϵûʲôˣֻǱ˹ȥҲøеĵԽ㡣
͵͵
ʼ˰ɣԼ߹ȥվԶһЩ˵ȥ
û
һֽţ˹ͬʱǸҲȥ͸𻪶վʮ⣬룬ǵʵʱܵҲ°Ӷ֡
˲ΪԷļɵǸ׹Ҫ֣ȴʹɫ
֪ͷڣȻϣ¡
ۿŰߵԼߣҲβסеĵͿϲЦͨһ߽Ĵܲһ֣ɵǡ
ڸ𻪵֮ʱȴǸһ˿мЦ⣬͵һ
ӽ£һӡʯĳӰ͵ƵضڰлһȦţڶԷӦǰһɾ޴ӿ˹Ӷʱѣŷ˹ȥ


169 
ʰǸܲİʱȻû֣ȴҲ㲻ᣬǱɹȥˣҲҪʱһָܻȫʵ
ʱشһһʱûеֿ֮˹
ȻﲻǱ֮½شܴܵƣȻǰȣҲгĽ˲ץһʵδĽߣֵ
ش룬ڴ֮УƾЩˣôܲ
Ӱһסܲ壬һֻͬʱԴϣܲƺһýߣһαĻ˹ȥ
ס֡ѣʱ֪˺֣ºˣЦԼЦԷ޴ʵĴԼ
͵Ҫܲȴһƺ˻ȥȴ˿
˼ڣⲻܡͷ𣬷ʵȻҪ֮ϣ˼ǰڵʵͷȼ
Ҫ֪ƷĽߣÿһ׶ǼģǲһȼԶһǲȼ֮࣬ʤ㡣
ܲʵҪ磬˵ڶԷû£һ˼ûĽߣ֣ҲǷĶ֡
뵽Ŀ룬⣬ٺõĶҲҪܲС
ҳɹӳǵһӲɡﰵźݣѾ֪˷Ҳӡ
շģҺڡĿͻȻһƴԱߵĴϣʱ֮ΪΣŷѹ˹ȥϣһ裬Լȴ͵˲תȥ
Ȼ𻪻ߣȻ˺ˣԷ֪ԼͲܷ뿪
ܲӸ׷ȥٶȣ֮𻪻Ҫ࣬Ǹȴǽƻ쳣רеľӴܣŪ˲ϰҪ赲һʱ֮䣬Ȼ׷ϡ
ɫһһ죬һشܿ۶̽˽´أչ˸𻪽¡
͡
شƵضȴĸ𻪸˹ȥϾǱ֮½شܵƺܴ
һգȴû˿֮ɫ촽һ³һ֡
顣
䣬̽Ĵش룬ȻĲʮָڴСƬŸ𻪼ȥٶȱӵҪ
𻪲ҽһ¶ʱ򴩣ʮڣѪ
½㣬۳Ĵش룬ʿʯӲޱȣڽ뱬鿪޼᲻ݣ˵ǸˣҲҪϴ
Ҫɱҡ˻屻ദᴩǿߣʱҲǶá
俴һۡ
ƺҲˣԲܷŹжʱ¶Թ飬߼ҲŹġ
һŽû˿飬ʰ¸𻪵ܿ췵ء
ϰ塣
ĿܣеذȴǺܲĲϣжͻԥĸȥ˿漴ǽǸˣ
ˡڵʵһĽȫǶ֣ƷĽҲһ
һҲҶʣֻĵȴʮң֤ԼʵҲףԼһǳǿĽߡ
ۻԲѵܲƻӰϵ˼£ֻü죬ֽܲŶϵˡ
ôҵʹܲӻ˹
úҪ֪ǵһϡԸ
ǡæӦֻܲʱ¶˷֮ɫǰƽСӴʹߣȻǴ磬ĵȴʮĽģû뵽ô죬ԼҲ˻ᡣ
˿ȥӡ
ʲô˵ģб¾ɱҡ
ƺ֪ܲĹͷӲҧžǲɿڣƺ̣ȷ𻪵ʬ壬ǰʱܲ߶ʱˡ
ָģ޷ǾǸ˳ȥΪĸ𻪵ıɱˣڷ𻪶ɱˣʱ׹Ԩ
˵Ҷ˵ܲˡ
ȽϸȤģǸ𻪵˵Ŀˣʶʵ󣬸ǰ˵ڵļΪ𣬿ɼԷ򵥣ܲ͸Ȼͬ飬ǶҲ֪֮࣬ƽʱҲǻĪģἰⷽ棬ʵֱܲǿö࣬ܲҲҶʣֻǲ²һܹϵǿ
˵˵ĿģȻϣǳֻͷģȷе˵Ӧݡ


170 
ɽܾһֻݡ
ܲǰһƳֻݳԵģ𾪡
չʮףչ·һ㣬ڵͶ²СӰӸ߿˻ʱѸ磬ţ֮󣬱ץס׾ᵽ˿С
ݣԲȻģ𾪹ܲһ㡣
ǽߣҲιôʶǳ֪ԼôΪߵģ˶ĵرҲе˽⣬ݣмĿĳӰĽ
˲²⣬ܲȻĶ
׷ݷķȥ׷ɽУֻ˽һµʱ䣬ҵ˶Էȷλá
ﶯģŽߵǿʵܲһ֣һ̷ֻ˹սĽǣܲҰܡ
߹Ȼǿ󣬵ĵر֮Ҳ֪˶ãܲǿ
Ըһ˶Ըݣܲ˺󣬾ȥ˸һ϶֮նɱݡ
ʳݵλú󣬷΢䣬ߵһԣȥ
һĻʱ⣬Цһеذ׻ΪӰݺݵܲĲӡ
ȻѾǵжԣûٷŶԷ·Ŀܡ
ߡ
ݲʬ󣬷ٴϴΣʱȷĿ꣬׾ҵ˵ͷ
ǰһ£мλһƽ̨ڿһ޴ĶѨ
ĿǸѨϣ۾ʱ΢
ǸѨӦþֻݵĳѨˣӱϵĺۼⶴѨȻ˹ڳģȻɵģŲٷץۣӣƺǱץһ
ɴ˿ɼֻݵצ֮
ϰ壬ֻӦòڳѨḻûп͵ó˽ۡ
΢΢ͷɨˣѨû˵ֻӦò棬Ӧǳȥˡ
˵Сһֹɲֻﲶԡ
ǣÿԴݲáϲ
νɽЯǹе֪ĿǴͷ׼˳ǹ⣬ըڶԸߵʱ򣬵ûó
ռƻݣȻǱѨ棬ըȻ˦ݣصѨʱ
ֻݣ£ǶԷУ鷳ĵطҲûаܽһΣʱֻ̣ݷϸ߿գҲֻܸɵۡ
һܵ˽ѵֻݲٷʱԶ߸߷ɣҪٵõĵرͻãˡ
ҪɵԷҪģǶϵ
˵µףӹذףóһ˫ָһ漴𣬴ͷֹͣ͵һذ׶ʱݺɽʯ棬ȹ˷壬˫ֽ棬ܿϵмƽ̨ϡ
Ľֻ֣ѡϢأȻʵǣûôˣȻԷ˵ȴûѶȡ
ƽ̨󣬷ӣĿ⿴Ѩ
˿˿ӶѨɢݳѪζŻĳζĵ
߽Ѩŭʱ
ѨһƬǽ壬дʬǣδѪ⣬÷ŭģʬ棬ԿĺǣȻҲ౻ݸԵ
ϰ壬Ҳ˽Ҳҧгݵ
׼ɡ
˵ͷ˽⵽඼ԣû˿ԥߵ棬ŷ硣
һͻȻһӰԶ
ˡһݣתͷȥû깤
³ͻȻݾȻԤϵĻĻҪ졣
ûԥץסƽ̨ߵӣɿĻȥڵץһѣ͵̤أٶ˲˼£ݷķ񱼶ȥ
Եϵݵע⣬ķзȴûб䡣
Ҳָ⿿ܽ󺰹˫̤һŴϣʱƽϱһ㣬Υɣ˴ˣ󣬷͵һƿУһſʯͷݼɶȥ
ڼߵգʯͷٶȻˣӽʱȴûʣ¶ˣȻȴǼŭݡ
ΪյߣƬ޿İʲôʱܵƹһХȶųλ˹Ѹ硣
ݵٶȿĿ£˶£Ӵ׹ǣƲɵȻվű֮ɫȴû˿
Ŀ磬ĴҡڣݾԶʱ򣬷һ㣬ʱԱƮ˹ȥһŴϡ
~
ǿŴ˻ʱɢǧƬ˷ȥ
ûжôش룬ȻѿĴش޼᲻ݣҲҪܴвУг٣ݵٶȿľˣ˻ǺˣԸԼҲδܳܵ
~ݷһųжʱ磬ӴͬДµƻһſŴ𣬵˷ڷбиΡ
ĹǷҲ޷̩Ȼ
ʣǶĵر򲻿˺ˣҺǷߣݣûл·ν־նɱݣǵԴ֮ԡ
ˡ
ʱƲɵûԥԼٶȣѸ뿪ݺΧĴȻֵһᣬ˼㣬ܿͳ˶Է۽硣
~
йһŭ𣬽ΧΪƽأΪҲͬɥĳԼĳѨ˻ȥ
Ƭ̺󣬷أҲ֪˳ɫ԰׵˼㡣
ղݷΪ֮š
ô
ϰӣѾ㶨Ĩ˰Ѻˮ£һңݵ˷
װڳѨģǶʱըֻҪﰴ°ťѨը̾ͻ
˵ͷղѾۿĵرȷʵϣûҴĿꡣ
˿ֻݷɻ˳ѨϾʹ洫Х
ˡݶԳѨϢȻǷǳУİ˽ȥϾ˳
û˿ԥ˰ť
~
һ죬¶ڲţѨը̣ˣݱ档
~
ʯ͵˿ֻݳڶڣﶼǷ֮ɫ
ͷŵȣȴޱȵңѪ죬ëƷ˴ƬصĻᣬӲıըˡ
ıըըɴ۾⣬ըĳѾ֮ϲˡ
û˳Ҳʧצϻˣ˿塣

Ӳ˳ȥ
֣ݶʱŭХȻǲ³һǷΪ
ĶųҪȻȴʧȥƽ⣬ζ޷ɡ
ڵˡĿ䣬дɽ֮ӿţʱ۳һش룬쵽ϡ
顣
ŷ£شʱ飬ݺݴڡ


171 
޼᲻ݵĴشڣݶʱ˻ҽѪӴƴҪȴһûվȣƽ̨Ϸݺײ˵ϡ
һ˫˳޵۾Ķŷƺڷ˷Ĵ㣬צڵϼҪ׷Ϸ
Ȼʧȥ˳׷ϷҲûӽʼձһľ룬֮ǰֳĿƻ˾Բ׳ܵģȥðǸա
ɽ֮ӿţһӵĴشڷУأǰŷһ׷ױ鿪ڣƸΪء
ֻݣǿĿ£ǳôιҲûгȥ
ҲӲгǹ񿪻ɨ䣬ȻЩӵϣȴ׷׵˿ȥѹ޷룬Ψд˿ڵӵŹᴩ˽ȥ˲С˺
ͨǹеķƿ
~
ȥͷ׵ķ˿ó˹ٶȿľˣ;ʯצץѿһӶֲ
ɫ䣬ٶȣͶ㲻ȻȴԤϵݵˣٶȸϵԣһŽ˿ȥһ㣬ӶʱԾ𣬿ķˡ
¡¡~
ֲͬ·ĴԳ˹ȥ;ľײķ飬һֱײȥϰףͣԶһȾѪͨľ㵹һƬ
ԹԣÿֲƨɣӼʮվϾǾ֮ɫ
ͷǷ壬ͱһײײķǣΪͨеѪˡ
ϰ壬𣿡ϵԣȲʵ
⣬ӴͣһŲǰһҲ֪ǻ
ˡ˵ͷѾǱ߿ˣݵѾ״ʧȥˣαװģǰݾװܡ
ǸЦһﻹɱʵǲܲˣ̲סЦ
ܲǰһιûбƳݵʵҲᱧ뷨ˣǾ㲻ڷҲضݷ֮£ʵģٶʮҲͲ˰ˡ
ӵԴëһһƻˣǱը˳ʧȥ̣Ȼ÷ôãͷˣǲ汳ֻݵĿֲʵɴ˿ɼһߡ
һɫҲЩ԰ס
ֻݵǿᣬίʵԤϣû׼еĽҪޡ
½ʹ۳ĴشʯѿǾ߱ƻȻҪһ㣬ѶȺɶԶĴش֮ϡ
Ǵʱʵһ綷ߵĸо
ңվǸɵˡ
뵽еջ񣬷̲סϲɫǿĵر
ӻͳװʯϣһܿͻָ漴첽ߵݱʬǰۣܿȷĵرλãλݵظ֮䡣
ĵرλڣûв´ĻӦúںˡ
޷ݻ
ݲ֪ʲôʱ̷ĵرվãֻǱԭ򣬽ӳĵرܡ
ЩͷֻԺתһȦͱ˦˳ȥҪģǽĵرȡ
ĵرǲĺΪһġ
ݵëӲޱȣذײȥҲֻһ׺ۣȥذ׶ˡ룬Ŀݵצϣצӷޱȣץɽʯ׾٣ƿķ⡣
һֻצһֻһնʱѪɽǶ˽ȥֻ֮צȫն«ֻצҲն䣬צӣظϣʱһӡ
ƻӶܿظϿһӣۣ̽˽ȥץסźɫ⣬ִһƬûԥ߬סȡ˳
ڷģһԲƵĶմѪҺ
ϰ壬⣬ĪǾνڵŴ죬ǰһ̫ԤˣѾЩħֵ˵ˡ
ȻʧЦҲûͣѰ˸һϪ֮ϴһɫԲʱڷǰɢŹӿš
飺ĵرк绽֮Ч
ۣȡɫӵϺ󣬷ʱϲɫ


172 ӥ
ö
ĵرǷͷ߼ĵرȻǷͬ죬ûʧ
ĵرȣЩͬĵرٶƫڸʣܷഺķˮܱѪ衢ƵʯȵȣȻ飬ȴսġ
绽꣬Ԧ׵磬ݺ᳤ա
ŷ飬ܴǿʵ
ֻݣӳ˷һ棬ˣ֪ӳǺεǿ
뵽Ҳ¶ڴ֮ɫ
Ҫӳܣûô򵥡
ĵرԶȶʯҪ߼Ķ࣬ƾ򵥵ķ˷
ǽ˽ȥײºںϣ˷һ棬ȴô
ַʽбףȻܷӳܣҲסˣδķչȻȡ
Ҫӳܣõİ취Ѫһ󣬾ܵˣȽ϶ԣߵûУȴҪϳʱ䣬Լһңܳ
ӣûаԥѡ˼ķʽ
һռ䣬Ͷʼ½ֻзܵռ䣬Ȼһʧ
صԭȻȥֱɻȻ֪˵ͷȻûҪ߻ֱӿˡ
ߺ󣬷Ŀݵʬϡ
ΪӰ죬ݵҲҪ꣬вٺöצӼ֮࣬ƳѪ⾭ĵر֮ʯкʺҲʳãҶ棬Ҳ˷ѡ
ռ䣬ҿһСͨŽȥôʬȴŲȥģҪиС
ֱɻϵʱѾ󲿷Ѫⶼиӽռ䣬ʱʼ½ѵģҲŲ°㶫
ֱͣɻ·ɻ첽˹
ãҰЩȥָŵиõ˵
ϰ壬Щӥ𣿡£ʵ
ֻڷӰ£òеķݶŲС𣬲ǿܺӥϵϡ
֪ɮ𣿡Ƴһۡ
ӥ⣬ܺɮȣʧɫ֮ǰǿﵹǽŽɡ
ʱ֪ˡ΢΢һЦûнȥ
˵ɮǿˣȴǲģݳںϣĵر첢ݵ壬ʹ֮߱Щ΢ĵر
һƣʱɾʮ㣬Щ鶼ֱɻݵĺܣ󲿷ֶŽռ䣬ʣ²֣Ҳռֱɻ֮һĿռ䡣
߰ɡΧĺۼصֱɻϣ
ֱɻûֱӿУڷָ£ȥ⣬һ½ϵĵرڵء
ɽسǡ
ֱɻȻǲܿˣڽͣԼһ˽سǡ
շַʱ򣬻ϣ칤򣬴ʱѾˡ
ܿϵĿĵء
ĵرȻһֵĽֵ·״൱֡
ﲻǱ֮½ǷҪõĵرǧѣõ޿ɹƣȻڱ֮½Χڣȴࡣ
װϵЬưˮϣһɽ֮ĴһĴش룬ŷһʱӳ·ȥ
ˮࡢʯܵȫ޷ֹش룬ͬһӰشĴǣǱȴûܵ𺦣֪Ǳ֮½Դش֧֡
½ʱ򣬼ڱ֮½ķΧڣĴشҲֻ쵽ʮ״ȻʱشļȣףȻǰʮ
׾գۼӦشĿꡣ
ιû°ɣô׵ϰûöͻȻڷһʮ߰ŮĿ
ѰĿҪһʱ䣬Ϸ۾ȷλãУȻͱȽϹˡ
ۣŮһۡ
ԷĵĴ۾ԼĺøУòʣȻСŮʱΪȥЩ֡
ЬˡչһЦһֻֿϵ˹ɿЬͬʱͦվڷ뿪ʱһĶҲ֮ġ
ˡ
һվʱŮ۾Ϊ֮һ
ι㲻Ƕ˰ɣȥҼҵķԵ㶫ɣҰֿĴŮ
˳ŮĿ⿴ȥǸһ·߲͹ݣȥ⵹ǺܺãˣվŵƮζȷ൱
Ҳá룬˵ͷǲʱ⶯Ҫӥζ
ҲʱͣӰ쵽Լʲô
˸绰ӥسǣѵصҲ
ɣ¹㻹ԱʳİŮЩɵۡ
Ǻǣ׼ɲͨɱȵģûպá
һ⻰Ů۾ʱԲˣҰֵıõģʲôã
΢΢һЦûб粵ȻϵȴǷдŲţŮֱţҲ˺ʤ֮ģŷ˲͹ݡ
͹ݵ⣬ʦδػԼҪ󣬴ʱССļһãŮʱмƣֱ˳סһĸ첲в˵˵ģ˵ĸףΪӥ⡣
ȻҪڿԺ󣬳ʦڳ
ȻϹҲҪʱģҲ
ȵ˾ŵʱ򣬿߹⣬λʦ˳Ҳڲú˹
ӥ⣬Ҫϴһ¡˸ͷߵһԣӥӽռ䣬ȡӥ
ӥ⣬ûо֮ʯܳԣռӥ⣬ȴھ֮ʯӰ£ùȴǿʳˡ
֮ӥΪռڵ۷ˡ
⡣һӥ⣬λʦ۾ʱľ飬Ȼ׿Ĳ֮á
ӥⲻͬݵëƤǣûôӲҪƲѣڷҪ£ʦӥУʼ
һ룬ŨƮ˳˷ݣǷŵ̲סʳָ󶯣˳һڵ뷨˵ˡ
㣬㡣
ȵɣʱһƿǣŨƮɢֵ涼ǿŵ
Źз׵֭ͽƵӥ⣬ŮĿתĿţԾſˮ
һԵɡ΢΢һЦкŮʦһ
˼ΪԼӥ⣬ôһҲӦõģûôС
ģ̫ˡŮ۾ϲεҲûʦҲûֵסӥջΧŷ̻ʣܿͽһӥԵһɶ֭ûʣ¡


173 ؼ
ñ
Ůòͽֽǣ̾ϢǰԵԿյС룬ʱһ졣
ӥĸ棬Եˣ˶̻ʣһٶȳԹӥҲ֡
΢΢һЦ⣬ӥȻޱȣʳָ󶯣ǶԷ˵Ҳǳζˣӥ̺ŵЩ΢ȴȫûбϾõġ
Ǹ࣬˼ڣҲͷ˿ӣӥ⣬ռֱɻǣüһʱ
ͳʦҲǳԵһ㣬˶һۣЩ˼ЦǳʦŮˡ
ʳǷģʦģǼӹˣ˼˽һķǷ˴ӥôóԣʦɲΪԼո߳ԵʣҲ֪᰺󵽺̶ֳȡ
뵽ʦʱ
⣬⣬֪ӥҪǮǳô࡭ʦԲĶƤƤ졣
ˣǳԵġ˰֣
⻰ʦŷһڰ˵֪ûжӥ⣬һЩ
һۣҡҡͷȴû˵
ʦʱʧ̾˿֪뷨ǲˡ
ӥⶫ֮кôζѹûóȥֲȱǮԼá
һӥ˶иб͵ĸоʵӥ֮࣬ԻˣΪ̺ŵЩԵʡ
æһ죬ôڸоôáŮչֱۣһȡ
ʦҲ¶ֵɫǰоȽƣģôӥ⣬ģƺæһͨûƵģ
~ŮҪվͣӸˡ
ûж룬ˣ͵һ뵽ǰ˵ɮ˵οŮĶиǾʢ
ŮԼеĪΪԼģȴǿ˳ΪٶȺ˲СһʱûӦӻûӦ˶ŻӸ
ѵ˵ɮ⡣æӶֱۣ˾ʢ⣬ȴûԼļ󣬿Ůı仯һʱɻ
ٳ߸ͷһѡɻ󣬵һ䡣
ԣʱȻ
ŮŮĺܣôӥ⣬仯ͺˣȴǾӶѾǿĳޣҪһȻûôס
ӥⶫһγЧԽԣԽЧԽԵԽ࣬ʱ䣬Ҳܸһġ
ȻҪͻ༫ޣΪߣǲܵģûôͻƣ˵ӥ̺ŵģЩˡ
ȻûнܵʢǼ
ԷĳŵǳΪߣҲǵһġ
ʲôصģŮ˹
˵ʱˡ΢Ц
ŮɫʱҲû˵ʲôĻҲƼˮˣܾһԶٷԵ֡
ףζ̷ʲôóԵˣһϤſ𣬷һ㶣תͷ򷹹ſڿȥʱҲǿǡ

ѩ
ȻлѩôԴԼˣлѩɽص˰
ڶξƷͷлѩ˼٣ڻڼڣûУǻؼˡ
лѩһɫ£վԵøĽˣһģߣվһʱӣĿȴЩḡʱʱĿлѩ
ѩλǣлѩվһ𣬷в֪ģЩԼЩɻ
Ǻǣҵİɣ̫ˣһȥɡлѩĿ΢ߵ˷ԣϲһ˸æϵ
˺ʱȻ˽Է
ûմȥҽ㣬û뵽ˡ΢΢һЦ˵
㣬ʶͻһĻŮͳʦˡ
ǰܷܷϰˣȻҾҪˣ´УǵҰлѩ˴˸к漴ŷ׼뿪
ȵȣô£лѩ㲻ǳҳҹ𣿡лѩͷҪ뿪ǸӶʱ̲סҪסˡ
ӳȥѹûԷԸ
ԣЦһԥץӣһ˳ȥŷа취ǳΪߺԷӲΥ
߰ɡҲ׼ȥˣ˳ȥ
ô죿ĸһȥؼҡ߳ݣлѩ
һ߰ɣȥҪ߶лѩЦһ
ֱɻͣڽ⣬һлѩǲųǡ
ղô£һͲס˳
ˡһ⻰лѩκò׷˼٣ƭףԷʲôɽҵҵĶӣһ˵ĺܣһ쵽ңǱƲѲź׼̷ĹܷܷҽΧŵģҺˣȻһҪͷۡ
ˣô̷ͱһԷлѩ˽ȥʱ龰۾ʱɵĿŷ
ɺϡЦŽ龭˵˳ȴ˿
лѩʲôݣһصҵҵĶӣͲҲǱţǿ˳ġ
ӥ⣿ô˵ŵģ㣿лѩ۾һŨڷ棬òҲʳѵ˵ӥ´εƷ
ǣ㲻ϡҡҡͷӥȻãҲޣȥԵĻǱߣĳղ̸ġ
һҪлѩʱоӿյģ¶ڴ
¡¡
ֱɻҹԵøôһܴһɹлѩʱԾŴ죬ǲ֪һֱɻ뷽ӵеĲƸҲȻˡ
ЦЦֱɻͣлѩȥ
ɽвԶֱɻɵֿ죬ܿ͵⡣
ųӣ͵Ȼʹ˵绰ÿȥ
뿪ˣǰȴǴ˼ӥȥǵͣȻ־ģʣӥϳӺ󣬷лѩȥ
ô죿ʵ
лѩҲסģȴеԶ
ȥסһɡлѩЦȥ
ҲЩһȥһ죬ҲЩļ˰ɡ


174 

ȻѾҹˣлѩȻϲЦտ
ʱѾҹʱˣһᣬԸ£³ȥлѩ׼Եġ
ûֹΪ彡ĺܣȻ̫ĳʵϣȴͨ˺࣬˯㣬ûʲôӰ졣
ʳģǷռȡӥ⡣
˷Ҳ¶ԾԾԵ飬һ˼ӥ
ûã˵Ʈ˱лѩʳѾ˯µ˯һɨ⣬˴Ҵҵ˳
ˣҾõˡȵӥʱ˱ǣ˶ʳָ󶯡
ǲˡһԼʢһȲĺһڣʱ¶úúȰ
лѩҲ̲סˣлѩ·ϵʱἰӥζʱҲæʢһ룬ĳԺ
棬ľȸʢһ룺磬Ҳ԰
Ȼ󣬶ԼһݣССڵĺţ֭¶ǣСèƵ۾Сͮͮ·͸ƻҪҧһڡ
һΣͬûԶ٣Ůˡ
˶ӣ˾ʢû˯⣬ɴɳϣ߿ӱ죬ȥ˳ռȡһƿʯ飬˼ڲˮк󣬺ӥͬɢ˿
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󣬹һþȥ˯ˣȻôÿ˯һϰߣͱԷʾ첻˯Ҳû£˯ʼջоȱʲô
Ůһߣʣлѩͷˡ
ѾɫһȥϾѡһᣬлѩǰ£æ˵
нļƻϾչһԼӰˣƻȴûô򵥡
շ˵еĵξƷᣬҪϾȥ
Ҫ쵽һ㣬ҴﵽԤڵĿ꣬ʵӰȻкܳĵ·Ҫߡ
Ʒᣬһ꣬ʱȻ٣лѩнȵĸоݼٵʱҲûȫе
Ͼԣһһ˹ȥ¸
£лѩһֱʱȻѾüĿ
˵ɣ첻̸¡˰֣лѩûҪŵҹ̸
һˣҼһ棬ʾȷֲһ䡣
лѩ˵ͷҲûҹ̸£ʱҲ÷и
һлѩҲȥͷ˯ˣص˵ƣֱص˶¥Լķ䡣
ص䣬һʱռ䣬һСͨһǶһƴС顣
ԲΣȥӨ͸ͬƵģڱϣһЩ·ȥ
Ƿɽسǵ״ȡĵرˡ
ۣܿϡ
һĵرл֮Ч
һ漴¶ϲɫʣһö
ͷһҲǺͷĵرͬڻ
ɽֻݼʱ򣬷ͺĽԷһǹëǵǿҪɱݸ׾٣ҲռƵ£ôˡ
ڵΪ½㣬徭˴ɽ֮δҲûдﵽǹĵزȻ֮ͨˣȴҪǿ̫ˡ
ͨӵ򵽷ϣ޷壬ȥһ㣬ͻᱻס
ˣĻɨ䣬ǻѪΣ
񣬾ͲõˣͨӵƿķǱܼɨ䣬ҲܺںȻַҲû޵ġ
Ͼһĵرû쵽޵еĳ̶ȣȻûвԹҲĳͬʱ䴦ڷ״̬ҲԶ֧ȥ϶һ޵ģչĵرͨս϶㹻Ӧˡ
ޣĻʧҲԶʧƿԻǿյͨתٶȾ߱Ч
ϧص޷õģҲΨ񣬲Щ
飬
һĵرһһĵر
һһ
һ˳ȥȻûҵʺƷҵܴǿʵĵرҲʮˡ


175 ޱ
ͬڷ顣
ĵرͬСɣ뾭֮ʹãȻһĵرͶʯһȼģԷʵṩ
һռ䣬Żʼ½󽫷ȡ˳
˿ɫ˯⣬Ҳû˯۳һξѪ˷ϣʼ
Ҫϼһ£ʹ÷飬Ȼᵢˡ

һ磬ޱˣһᣬȦһȴǲ
·ϣ˸кɼڴ˵صԵ֮á
ޱ緹ĸڳ̽ͷܲޱ˵
緹ޱڷﾫĴ˻ᣬ˿еԼɾ䣬һְҵŮԵĴ磬ȷû©󣬲ſųȥˡ
ųĿĵʻȥžĲϿҲǽ
елܾŹϰ塣
лѩйӴ֮ǰҲ¶뵽ְ뷨ȻǰְλҲǷ񣬵ǿҴɫʵУɸޱĶȻһЩţǵѧҵǻᣬһβμƵġ
¼ȡĻ֪ʲôְ񡣡еĴ󲿷ְλлѩȻһЩȽϹؼλã羫Ʒʦ֮࣬ҪλĻϰͷˡ
뵽ޱڴлѩû̸ְȻɹĻҪŸľԲ
ԼޱĵطԼıлѩҲûȥԼޱ
ڱ⣬ޱϵһлѩſڵıʻ˽ȥ
ȵĿĵأޱڳһᣬ̬вĵףŴӳݣǰ塣
ǣŵģһƯŮ
ڿԷһ̣ޱϴһᣬʶĿƣȷԼûߴλá
лܾԼġޱ϶ЦݣǰŮǷͬΪŮ˵ԼҲ޷
Ŷѩ˰ɡޱ˽ȥ
ҵĲƸǷңҪҸŮͶ׾٣ȴϲϲԼЩ£ЩȴܰСУڵ塣
ؽˡлѩɳϿļʱ̧ͷޱʱ˸к
лޱЩĽһλԼҪСϼŮӣҲĺܡ
ᣬȴִʲʮڵĴҵҳȴͨȫǿԼߵһ
ежǮ˺ѾȷһãֵüˣᾫƷ롣
ܶ˶˵лѩǿźͷĹϵĳɾͣޱȴô֪ⲻЩĶʼ֮԰ˣлѩĽӴȻȴҲܸܵԷչֳĲŻ˵Щۣδĳɳռ䣬ԶЩʵ˿ɱȵġ
Ȳ衣һ˹ޱǰ
ллޱæӹò˵һ䣬еЩ֣ԷôԼҪʲôȻλȫŮ֮ŮƵŮţûн뷨˵
ʵϣȽ϶ԣϲȿȡ
㣬ޱʶĶһڣŨǼ䣬ޱһ漴оڲ¶ǣӶůûô˯õƣҲɢһգ˵
æѲ˵Լǰޱ¶֮ɫ
⣬оеģȻ֪Ĵڡ
ǿĳһڶϡƷ
Լһڣͺ˼ǧ
ޱЩ¡
ڼһЩʹõģȻϡͺģȻȲ;ƷϣЩȹϡͺˮȣȴҪʤࡣ
ȥзлѩļߵ¥ü·ķţޱлعԼԼ˵Ĳɵ
һ¥ϽŲޱæվлѩһʷǷĸߴ
ֻлǸƯŮ˰ɡޱЩ㱣ܿͻ񣬹˵ܡ
Сɣ
飬Ҫʱ̽УľѪޣҪȴȻָܼÿҪʱ䶼̫ҲðΣȥǿм
˼ޱʱġ
Ͼ֮¹شɹȥȻ̫ˣлѩҲǲҪ÷վ


176 öѡ
лѩޱڿֱ
ؽԭͩŵĸ߼ܣ澭ḻְڼ䣬ͩŵĺгӹɡлѩٽޱ
ЩϣҲ˶ǰʮŮӣһ֪
ͩţϵļҵﵱ߲Աޱǲûɡ
˵ޱǰµҵмûнлѩȻں
УߵľͲѰ·ǾƷģʽӪ·߸κһܱȵģһеĳ̶ȣĿ꣬ҲûзЩͬϣˣδؾһҪһ棬ҪиҵľӢ˲š
ңһ˵ĿģΪеϾƻ̵棬ϲ漰˸Ǻ޹أҲʵѡջǿְͩޱ
лѩἰԼޱԾֱͦ˱ŬԼһչֳ
СɷһںְľǰŮӣ
лѩ֮ܿޱԷһ棬һ棬ǶԷںľˡ
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ʵҲ˵ʲôɣҸսͩŲãΪãԱ⣬Ǹط˵ֻǸأǼһ߲ļƻҲûж֧֣˱֧Ԯ൱ޣ϶ҪԼ
˽һµصĻѧϤ֮ȡǵ
ޱ˵Լľлѩûвͣ¶ȤɫҲϸ˵
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ޱĹѿһܻԴˣҲó˵Ľ˵ΣԵҲãЩѧƾʲôƾǻȻԶԶġ
ˣޱҲһнȡĵˣȻĻҲͰ״ˣȻ˺⣬ȴǻȡǸŸ߲뷨棬ҲΪͩſһ麣гȻ󣬺ŵҵֵһᣬȴҲܿɹ
лѩһۣ˵ͷлѩ¶ϲɫ
ܾʵĹ£СȺȵ衣ָָǰ
˵ô࣬вһЩǵϸڣޱʱҲǸеЩڸɣҲûƴǣͺ˼ڣϾͱ
С㣬ȥϾΪд¸ʲôƻͻһ仰ޱŲ豭͵һһ㱻Ǻס
æҵ£ޱָȻȴһƬ𺳡
Ͼ
ÿһ˵Ͼ֣ǳۣǶޱ־ڳɾһҵ˵
ѵ˵нҪϾչ
ޱ˼άתĺܿ죬Ͼʹӷһ仰²еļƻ
ò˵һ˳ԾϢ
зչٶ֮죬Ĳ֮ͷ𺳵ͬʱҲޱӼᶨ˵ְͷ
Уע˻˶Ϊ֮𾪡
С㣬нȷʵҪϾչҵ˵ҲһĻϾǵ۶ƸӣҲóȻ͹ȥҪȥ»Ϊнս̵档˵û
Ļôޱ۾
ޱĺΪʲôлѩںְȤˣͬʱҲǸе¶ȸЩ˷ܡ
ޱ˵һս
ְͬͩʱľǲͩһô۵СҵͩűʵҲظгֻǿվȽŸޱǶξͩŵӰ΢΢
ȻߵĹȻͬΪнսԷģмߵ壬˵ǿˣǾǺܴսɹĻôôҲǿԤģҲȶԼеĵλ
һҪõ֡ޱ¶˾ģ˼ϸ˵
Ͼ˽Ҳǲ࣬˺ܴһ֣ԼĲ²ͼƻҪȵʵؿ󣬲ȷյķ
˵ͷޱı֣⡣
֣лѩʱļһļдһЩ֣һŵޱǰ
СûĻǩ˺ͬɡ
⻰ޱʱ˿һǹȥˣ漴ݺͬ濴
ļһеƸúͬһϾֹ˾ļǰǺǩӶͬϾֹ˾ְԼְڼҪɵĿꡣ
ͬûʲô⣬ΪһָĴҵҲⷽʲô壬ޱܿ쿴нһ飬˵Ͼֹ˾ְܸȤн겻ߵĻҲԥ
н򡣡ޱһ̫̫ͣˡ
ϸȥҲȻˣǹ̶ģҪڽĹеı֣ɵָ٣ôʻۿۣ֮˺ͬ涨ĳɼôҲжļ
ޱʹļǩԼ֡
ؽ㣬ϲԺҶͬˣ㻹Ͼֹ˾ľлѩӹļޱϲ
ޱһЦҲЩϲ
Ͼֹ˾ְȻҪЩͨĲžλҪһЩȻлѩܾûȵġ
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ؾʲôʱԶʵǩͬ󣬷Ҳͻ˸ƺ
죬Ҿͻбޱ£˵
һºһȥϾһˣϣʱܿؾĳɹ˵
ޱȥϾǰվģǷҲȥһˣϾЩȻֻȥǸ˵ΪȴС
еķչƻҪ׶ð
˷ĻޱвСѹǸģǶд⣬һҪȫԸôϰ忴Լĳɼ
öϾֹ˾ѡ󣬷¥ˣлѩǺޱ˵ŻҪǽһЩԼеҲޱ˽У
ʱ򣬷ޱ˷ʳȻӥ⣬ŨƮڱ棬ޱҲǴһء
ӥһóȥ˷ĺöȻڷȴֻǳʳƷˡ
߳ԼʱޱЩκģ죬˵ܵģҲ𺳵ġ


177 
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ⷽĴ㡣
лѩǹУͲСȻǰµнȴЩˣߴߣҲ
УҲǷУʮھʣ֡ҵѪһ֣ȫõĽǮ⣬ȻûǮԱеĹС
н꣬ҲҪʱ򣬷ԱһϰǮ֣ײĸоͺʧˣڲķΧҲǵڶƷɹٰ֮ǰΪⳡƷᣬģҲнĿͺʵɡ
ȻеԱݼٽϰ࣬˼нϢ󣬺˻˭Ǯء
ȻҲäĿļнǿְλְĳɼнʵĵеĵȴҲеĵС
ΪеܾºѣлѩȻߵģнһǧ򣬶ҺޱҪδɼн겻ͬһǧǹ̶ģлѩյõģֻ࣬١
մӴѧҵûһ꣬ǧңȥĻлѩٴγΪĿĽ
ξǲžˣеķչԭĿܣҲбֻĸžʱҲӵʮ֮࣬˾ְн϶ڰңеĹףҲж٣ȥԶԶޱģǷޱĺͬ棬ָĿѶ൱֮ޱҪõȫнⲻף˵ǺЩžͬһεġ
ȻޱǿܽЩָһһɣȻҲˡ
ЩְͨԱҲҪһ˸߳һЩҲвȺ
нҡһ䣬ԱʣУҲڶˮ׼
ߴȻһˣΪеԱߵ涼Ǻ˼ԴҪйҪֱͲ࣬ȻʽԣҲ޽Ƶˣɮٵľ棬һ๤ʱ֣˼ͷ
Щ仯жԣвСôģڲѾеķ룬ЩŹ˾Ტۡ
Ӱ죬ûᣬȫ񶼷˼ϣѾֵĵرûȥȡ
ĵرں򣬲ڴ½ϣĪĺϺУվǻһЩΣյġ
ȼ÷ٳһΣʱҲ㹻ԱѾ쿴ĵرһֱԭȷ㣬˵ǲüһʱ
һʱܿȥ
⣬һƫƧɽ塣
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ɫķ龲ڷģͨ˴˼ϵܸӦŵǿ
һʱ䣬Ȼɹɹ
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ɢ
绯Ϊ磬ɢΣЩʯľ֮࣬ʱһء
ĵ˵ͷ
С
ķڷǰ˲۳εĳŷǰһֱʱǰ͵һڴһ׳Ѻۡ
磬ʣҲŶֱ仯ڷϣóļɣԶԶݡ
÷飬ʱʹĶɬҪϰ
Ƿһ棬׵һ棬ʱʹò
ףҪȷ߳һ㣬ڷڲǳˣȵһļ󣬾ʹóˣƱػᳬ硣
嶥һƬǽ壬һ󣬾ʹȥˡ

黯ΪһӰû˷ڡ
ѾԽˣʱ̷ռ䡣
εķڷߣŵ¸ʹ÷ԽԽᣬ˶뿪˵档
ɡ
ŷԼ˿У̲ס¶˷֮ɫ
ȻļиܹУȻ飬ȴͷһ⣬У룬ȻҲ⡣
ĲݣԽԽԦŷɽзɹ·һ˵ɽͣſ˫ۣĸо˵


178 ̵¼
ɽһᣬ˷Ŀк󣬷ɽǰ
˵ݵز£ûнԺΪҲܰ쵽Եϵ˶ԣȴ̫ˣ˿ĻܴĲ
ˣϰշƫƧɽ
˼ӣͳɽͣһ
ϰ塣ƽţ˳
ɽȥϰ︺ء
š˵ͷȥɡ
Ҫǵʱ򣬷˸绰ɴģȥׯ԰һ
ȥ塣ҵ绰תͷԻƽӦһת򣬿塣
˷󣬻ƽҲȥׯ԰˵ǲϴ·
⣬ȻҵıڣĳʻУû˵
ݺͳƣͱЩ˶֪꣬ɵĹ͡
ׯ԰ǵһˣҲҪָᳵ·ĵլ⣬ɵĸׯɡ
ܡׯЩн˸
к΢΢п
ʱգܶ鶼ĵı仯
ǰʱ򣬷ҵĹϵҲܣȻ˫֮䣬ռ˸ʱķƵġ
ȻڣȴɳĿĵزɺͷϵУ֪һЩϸģ۲Զ֮ϣΨҵǿѹһͷԷķչٶȣȻܿͻʧ
ʵŷ֡ҵĹϵУҲǴе֪ˣǽߵʵ
֪߰һЩģַǷһͳҡ
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182 Ķ
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̸ЦȫûѶŷƶ˶ŻһԵĿߡ
ȻûгǵԤϣһӶûžͼˡ
ȻϵЦݻûչ¶ˡ
ž޴ĴͷСݺײ˹
ģҪײǡ
ģȥιɡ˻Ӷϴɫʱ򣬶ŴͷݺײСϡ
ĸͷɱСıײϵҲǱˮС
Һö֮ǰٶȲ죬ĻᶼûС
Ŵˮ϶ʱĴЦڱĺˮŵɫࡣ
ߵ䣬⼸Сע⣬תͷʻ˹ԶԶģҵǹ
ͺܴ̳˰ӣȷʵû˵ѣڵĶǸӼˣһӵɨ䣬ѽ֮򴩡
һڼװðͷҺϣ׼ͷãȻֶվֱ
壬ײǡӵ
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Էյķ飬ƶţˣȴҪ׶ˡ
磬ٶڼӿ졣ƽϲغ
Ƕŵٶڼӿ죬ǹҲ࣬ЩС鷳Ĳ㲻ȣῪǹˡ
𣬺ֵ𣿡УԺжðôһͷö˶˵ģô
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ײײʱԺֻʣһͷǾǺݺݵײȥŵٶȺܿ˼£ͬ糵üڭ£ηĴ˷񹥻
ھ޴ĶĴ˵ŲҴ壬Ȼײƣȴһǰ˺Ȼɫ䡣
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ŷں޴ˣƲ
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һײͬʯײޱȣŵĴͷʱ飬Ƿ÷ಿλſ϶ײķǡ
ǻ˻֣ϷŶţźȥҲΪŴͷײķ飬ײ˶ԷĻٴҲûöų
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ĶӦ㹻ˣѰ˼Ѿ˷Ҳǻָ侲
˿ûԶӸͻȻʻһ󴬣صһ죬Էˡ
Ȼ̨Ŀ΢ĴϣȻһ̨вɱǰСˣŸŲסԷڡ
ۿŶͻӣ޴ķд̨նŶԷæҵĴûᣬﳤȥ
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183 ŵ
Ĵҳһţ˭Ҳû̧ͷ죬Ҳû⵽
̤ʵأҲеߵĸоǰ˵Ǵ˳ƶΪҲǼĺķľ
Ͼֻ½㣬˵Ǳˣɲ޼ɵʵԽǿԽף֮ҪһЩ
ռ䣬ȡһƿʯ飬һʯ;Ѹٻظ
ղʲô𣿡
û뵽Ȼ˸ǵͷϡ
Զ˽𣬷ŵײĴҲǻζΪʲôʣæ˳ЩװӴ˽⵽龭󣬶
ţüͷ΢š˵ҹ˾Էȫ֪ĴŹ˾ҵܹ㷺û뵽ҶĴַ
ҲҪţű֤ҵİȫղŵֻһСС⣬ѾһȥɡĻҵĵһװĵվ˳˵˵
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̫ˡ
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Σǰ±ȥȴܲɡ̾˿ε
༸˶˵ͷн߲ˣǲӦԵˡ
֮ܲǰԭز
˵˶Ͳþ뿪ĵط¹شҲˡ

װϵ˿ʼȥҲ棬Ƚȥ˵
ȡĵرҪʱ䣬װװѲߣײ¼󣬾ܣȻʺϵĵط
ȫװĴſڣŽȥˣһЩֱӽȥˣһЩȴסȵԷóһŷС
ѵ˵Ҫܽȥüͷ΢壬кܶĻôȷʵбҪôܵİ
Ȼûʲô߿ĻҲ̫עĿˡ
Ѱ˼ôʱֵܿ˷ۿװӵ۾˹΢̾׼ʱͻȻ洫һϲ
û뵽㡣


184 ɺɺ
û뵽㡣
΢˳ȥʱһˣǸڵڶξƷһǧ𣬶ȥϾչˣˡ
ʱҪһΪɣûϽ˵Ľ飬ֻ˵ȥϾĻϵ
û뵽Ȼˡ
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˴ӺһľϲĴкܶˣֻΪ֮ǰûзַû뵽Ǹոϴ
þò΢΢һЦ
װȻʶ˵ģʱ򿴵˺ͷһ𣬾ܷҲǺܿջĿ⣬ˡ
΢ɿֵܲȻòԩ޳𣬷źͶԷͻ֮ԻöƶĴҲҪңԷԼϴıֻùǺСͻû뵽ǾȻŪôĴȻѾҲԹۣҺһ·ɱȻ󣬺ôûг
һ߽˴һţ÷ЩֵǣҪϴμࡣ
ĴǳĴĲҲ൱ǹǶĲĶĳкüʩˡ
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һɫŮ˹һĿȴǲͣĿŷȻԼһܸȤ
һ£ҵŮɺɺָָŮӣ˵ֶɺɺλеܣ
˸л⣬ǺǣͷӾ뿪һˡһЦ˵꣬˿ȥ
еϰ壿˽ܣɺɺ۾ʱһߣæʵʣﻹзˮһƿ
ܱǸɺɺһۣ
ò˵ɺɺǸŮﶼ׷ֻǿһۣջĿ⡣
ɫ࣬лѩҪʤһɺɺѵõĴŮˣڷҲͨŮˡ
ȷʵмƿˮйԼ÷ˮ⼸ƿˮǴ˵ģˮ࣬͸˭ȻҪһЩ
ɺɺļȷʵΪֺóˮ
С㣬ҲΪҪˮ˵
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һƿˮϧûˡɺɺʧ˵û
ˮʲôιСӣ𣿡˷һۣ֮ɫĺȳ
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ûпһۣ͵ǿ
֮ϴΪ˾콫ĵرߣԴ׵ģԷ
ڶԷû˵ˮ⣬еٺԼΧʡط϶ǱŻ̬ȵģĴϵˣȻȫصǮˣûкͷˮ
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Ҫеϰ壬ٺʡģϿǸ겻ĺȳ⣬ɺɺɫ΢䣬æ˵ͬʱЩĿ
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ǰãɺɺμӹһΣˣкüﶼȥˣɺɺΪһġ
ǴΣڰ·ϵʱȴ⵽һɱֵϮһλ˶ҪͽĴﵱеѪֹ
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λһȻõ˼Ļرʱ˶˵еõĺɫҺ壬ҲǱɻҽͷһԣû뵽ĳɹˡ
ˣȻڷΣԼŮ͸¶һЩɺɺ֪ĺɫҺ壬Ѫ裬˴һҽоٰġ
ѪЧɺɺĿã˻ԷƳ磬ҲӰ쵽ɺɺó涫ԼˣɺɺﻹǴžηġ
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ãáɫ˼㣬ݺݿ˷һۣΧ˶˹еܵ˼裬תߡ
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ЩĿɺɺԷһϣȥ˵Ӧʵ
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ָ𣿡ɺɺЦһϵķˮ̫ˣܾãŻһƿճͻᱻߣҺܿͻᱻʹõңң۸Ҳе󡭡
˵һʱɺɺͷЩ˼
˵ͷɵԼǱķˮ۸ǲܵ۵ģǷˮƷҲͬԭΪ󻯣ɿ϶һԶĽзˮųܾòŻһ㣬۸Ҳǳĸߡ
ɺɺ˵ӦΪò׵ְ֧ɣ˵ĲƿˮǴ´ġ
˼ҵ˽£ҲûȤȥ̽
ٹһʱ䣬һȥϾʵ˵һῼǵġ룬˵
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лл㣬ɺɺЦݡ
˰֣˵˼󣬾ʹ뿪Ҹڰĵرȡ
Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻҵ𶯴ӽӿ㱼䣬ƺضҡΡ


185 ͭС
ͻ𶯣ڵ˾ʧ룬ģ̾ƱӼϵķ飬˻ҡ
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գܲˡͻȻǸŮӾϲĽ
ҿæ˹ܲĴļ
ܲ׼ǣ̷ҷ;Уǰٰᣬŵе۶ۣЩܾǸ⡣Ůӽļϵݶ˳
̫ˣԻȥˡܲ˶˿·ж˼ص
˵ǳᣬҲǺе֮һ
ϵˣҲȫŶĲģҲкܴһǳŴϺλеģˣǳġžٰᣬһЩƷ֣һˡ
ŻݣǲСĿˣӦЩ⡣
ܲĴֱʣҲʮֵ
ɣϳȥ֪ͨȻ̷ЦƳǳͭС˴ãⶫҲŵȥɣȥˣ˵ҲҪġ


186 ᣨϣ
λǰǹҪȥĻʾṩһߵ˷ǰϴиɻЦݡ
Ǹߴطˡ˻ȥ
ԶЩüͷ΢šһۣ׷ǸĵرˣȻ˵ģǶԷڱǰͽ˴ϵĹ򣬾Ͳܽȥˡ
Ͼǰ·ϴģò˵ʶ˻ɣҪ봬һЩطûôˡ
ߵһ̨Ҫһƣţͬʱۣ۲ĵرĶ
ĵرڹһطͣһȻλÿʼƶŸԶĵطȥˡ
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˶Էһۣʱһ
˵ȻǸĵرһģһͬһˡ
Ϊ˱׷٣ǼסǸ˵ġ
ǰã߽˹û뵽Ȼһģ֮Իû뵽Ϊĵرˡ
ĵرˣ˳ۣԱһۡ
ԷһʮӣСڵӣȥµģʱһһƵĺţż
һᣬȻԷĻûʲôԣȫ뵽ʲôʲô֪ĵرȥģȳһͷˮһӶԶЩϵټԼĲ²⣬ܽ龭Ʋİ˾Ųʮ
ں׵ʱ򣬳СƷλش󴬵ʱ򣬷һĶ
͸ϵĸ߲ԱԲȡһδϾⶫҲûʲôãңֵܷģҲСˮһˣûָĵط
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ҿģĵر˵ģȴֻһͭС˼Ȼῴĵرȷʵһģ˵ȴһͭСӦĵرһΪֻһ
ͷкһ˿ȥҲǲ֪ͭСȥЩŵĸֻ߲һСǮͭСļֵûбϳҪõǣӦò̫ѡ
˵𣿡˴ɺɺ˹Щ˷ܡ
ʲôһ
ǳȥͶʱûиȥͷֿˣŵ˳ƽϢ˵ĲҲûв룬˲µĶ̬
ϾҪžǰٿᣬ˵ⳡмĹŶ䰡ϣҪʧˣҲһˡЦ˵
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ѵ˵ǳͭСᱻͷһò˵ԺܴžеᣬвٹŶ֮࣬ǳͭС˵ҲᱻУڵλã˵һ㡣


187 ᣨ£
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188 
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191 л
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Ҫﵽл״̬ĵرеģҪĵرԣҪмƵһ棬ͬʱֲܹ໥Ȼ󣬻Ҫ绷ϣлҲмʧܵġ
̣ܿлɹҲǼ䲻ģԭĵرʧµĵرȽ׻ԭĵرߡ
Ҳ˵лµĵرпܾĵرԷԣǴջ
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192 ֻߵ
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һҹ޻
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Ҫ֪ޱϾֹ˾ľһִģǿˣޱӦǰ·Ŷԣޱں棬˵ݱҪߣҷ̬ݣȫûн˵̵Щ
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ޱûкܲͥҰģЩԱнһҪѧϰ£˽У˽ԶеܲҲЩԱףڵҹ˾ٺʡһеֹ˾
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193 ɺɺĽ
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Ҫܰ쵽һ㷵ˮѡûжĻ˵һ䡣
绰ͷɺɺȻĶûжǣһڴӦ


194 
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СʱҾʹ绰㡣ɺɺܿ˵Щ١
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⡭ɺɺ˿ƺҲ¶˾ģ˵ԣǧܸҰ֡
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195 
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ɺɺһţʱ类Ӱ˳ȥɼɺɺʱ顣
ȵ˳ǣɺɺƽһЩٻǺܿ졣
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ѣһͳΪߡɺɺ˵
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ôܡɺɺЦҡҡͷȽǿ棬нߴڣ˵һЩϼڱţҲǵ;˵ģҰִϸ˵ЩλѸҵġ
ϾɱһСˣϽߣЩҲɿϾĲԻ
ɺɺܿŹ⣬ֻͨŮӣԴɱɱȤ
ҺǴСһ𳤴ģ˵÷ɺɺ˵
λ÷ѹϵãСʱ򾭳ܵչˣԷڼͱڳˣгΪߵϣ˵ͬУ˿ɳҡ
ڵļ壬ϾУΪɫǷЩصĹϼͬ棬Ҳ൱ġ
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ӦðͰĳΪߣȻΪǿĴڣΪ˶ĪţδķȻвơ
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196 
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˵ͷֲϾãȻƷʱٿҪޱʱύһЩȨȻҪƵĸߵ
ޱСĵİѻԱипǧ
뵱ͩŴְʱͬ²⣬˾⣬ҲԣȻûе˵ޱǴӼ˽ĺѿ֪һЩڼЦ˵ǰ;ĴŸ߹ܲƫƫȥеľ϶ڵġ
Լ᲻ڣޱ֪ʱģҪ֪ԼͩŵĻǷܶһӣõߵĻԱɲǮܰ쵽ġ
ЩЦ˿֪α飬뵽ޱҲЩ⡣
Żĸ߶ȥ
Ӱռ󣬹ĸ߶򳡣ǺܴһˣڴϾռ˵̣Ҳɼ֮ǿ
ǰڴ߶ʱ»û뷽һȥ
߶ųǹ˶֮ǰȻûԹЩ˽⣬˲ݻһ֪
ִԱߵĸͲһˣӶ˼£Ķ
ǵһδ߶򣿡ȵ
˵ķʽ൱ҵ࣬Ȼ©ٳ
Ǻǣһ档ûзϡ
ɡЦְֵĽ̷ոˣηѡǶȣԼһЩСš
ЩǺѧģҲԸ̣ССţȴҲһ˵ĵ
ĽǿֻҪ˵һ飬ա
վλãվˣȻת˽һö߶£Ȼû˵꣬µĻ˻ˣ߶ԶԶ˳ȥ
Ҵǲеģ߶δѧʡҡҡͷȻû˵ͿԶĹԱźš
~
Ŀɿڴ


202 
һ˽
˰ΣòŻع϶
߶УҪһ˽ǼѵģǼɣҲҪĺ˴ʮĸ߶򣬻ûһ˽õһΣҲԣһͽ
֣ǼװģȻֱĳɿ϶ǲģôһ˽¡
ôûôõǽһĽʼɺޣ˵һ˽ҲһȦ̸ˡ
ЦЦ˵ʵһֱӰͽ򶴣ȷʵ
ǵޣ徭ȴԶԶͨ˵ĲΣ֮ĪģżҲ׼ȣ˵ܽÿһ鼡;ȷգɵĺȻĿľ׼ˡ
߶ʱվŲģֲ˶ţʱ̱䶯ٶȺͷλԷ˵Ҫʵײ
ȻȷʵҲǷȱһĳɷڡ
һɣָоӮ˷ԺûлˣʹƤͷһ
󶭲Ҫ̫ˣǽҷɡЦЦڱҲá
˶һȤġ
ҾͲˡ
ȸΣ
νȸǽÿһĸۼһʮ˶󣬰ȫܸʤ
˾ḻȸĻųһЩʧ󣬶˵ȻƼ
߶ı򣬷Ҳ֪ģȻҲռˣңӮô׵ġ
˿ʼޱҲµĹۿ
ȴ˺
վڷ˻ˣһ߶ԶԶ˳ȥξûһôˣ˾򶴶ʮ׵ĵط
ż˳˳㣬Щò׼˲Ž߶ͽ򶴡
ֵˡд󶨣վ˷ĵһˣ߶˾߰׵ĵطֱһ˽
˵ѾǲĿˡ
ʱȡ
⣬Ĵһ࣬Խʱ̵Լ״̬ٶԶˣһҪܳʱǿ֡
ڶıֺһЩ˽˷Ҳͬˡ
Ķ߶ˣȻÿһ㣬ȴǾԽԽӸտʼĶʮףڰ˶Ĳһףԣÿһн
˱֣ɸ˲СѹڵĶ͵嶴ʱʧûб˽ļ¼ʼһ֮
ھŶʮһһ˽ֱڷѸ߶ͽ򶴡
ʮʧ󣬰Զˣ˲ŽϾϵÿ˶ʵǾˡ
Ŀ;׼ȣҪŵˮҲû˿ó
ˣˡɥĶˣֱˡ
ʵϣһʮһʧĶ˽˵ѾǳˮƽˣˣҲǱȲϷǾ޵һ˽ֱӴ˵ж־
ʵ̫ˡ
ǽߣȻǷͬһ㡣˸̾ʱԱ߾ˣ˲ݱ
Ŷɺɺ˵İɡЦЦûκ⡣
ȻɺɺǰչʵֱҵЩ˸֪ᱻ֪ҷҲû˼
ߣ֪ݡ
ʵչֳԼʵҲͶԼߣϾزϾҪѣ˵ˣѵѡ
Ȼʱ˶ûб̬ҲֻǸѣҲδطҪ˵Ѳɡ
˸أϾϾַ֧˵ĹȥҪ˵ĻҪϸȨˡ
ٹգһξۻᣬĶһЩ߹٣ҪԼһЩˣûȤһ롣
ԷϾĸûпܲμľۻģͬӰĻԱҲУСȦӣ൱ġ
Ҳò⣬ϾһߵĹ⻷Ͳһ۹ˡ
ʱһ˵ͷûоܾ
ҲϣܶϾϲһЩ˽⣬ľۻȻȥܾ
Ӱһᣬͺޱ뿪ˣ˽ܣޱҲʶ˺üˡ
԰Ƶ꣬ǵķ仹ûˡ
ʱҲûϾ򷿣˷סھƵ档
գһ磬ͽӵޱĵ绰
ܣиҪ㣬õı˵컹û˾͵ڴſˡ



203 κ

ΪҪŻû뵽һ죬ȲԼ
Ϲ˵绰£˾Ƶ⳵Ͼֹ˾ȥ
ɺɺȻ֪סģϵʽģȻֱʱޱ绰֪Ͼֹ˾
ֻһСϸڣȴҲܿԷ⣬óȻѭϾֹ˾컹û͵ȵ˴ſڣҲļͳ⡣
˽Ч֮أʱԶδȬô͵ͣӹǣҲûôܡ
ûм棬ԴУ˵ס
Ͼֹ˾ܿ͵ˡ
˵и컹ûˣ
˵˻ˣ㱨˾
ƺ¥Ǽҹ˾ġ
Ͼֹ˾ڵĴãһ·˺ܶ۷׷ףȻ̸Ϸ¡
~
߲ͣ߳ȥͿɺɺ棬ڴĿŵݵķ
ޱ˵ˣԼҪûȣǵ档
֣ɺɺ¶ϲɫӭԱߵЩɣҲǽ˹
ڽأֵʱѾˣ֮ʣģģģ˶Էûӡ󣬾ɺɺȻ棬ȴҲЩš
ȥҲͱһ갡
˼Ȼ䣬ڷǰϹϾĿͷ
лľ֮Ϊ
ɺɺЩ̣ȥϼᶨ飬ջסˡ
鹧һ˿ĸ˾Ÿͷ죬վͷһ飬Ƥѿ
Ҫ֪ǾһԼʱ˵ǱɣǷ֣Ѿһ߱ʬ塣
֮죬ȻһʲôûУ⼸ͷóʲô
ˣ⼸ͷǿĵĸԸûκεִ
ûȥһֻۣôݰףδɫ԰׵ѿ㲻ȥܿĴ
ɡˣԼĹ˾
ܡޱӭӣӦǼˡ
׼һɾĻԸ
ޱæӦǣϾֹ˾һ¥һҲкü䡣
棬ɺɺҲ˽Ͼֹ˾Աв˶Ŀˡ
ⶰôŵСϢҲ˵ˣɺɺҲʮֺ棬ƺҴϰģǵҲҶʡ
˽һҡ
ܣλȲ衣һüĿŮԱ˽ķǰ
Ҫʲô𣿡ŮԱһ˳ȥֻʣˣɺɺ̲סʵ
췽κ뿪ˣǰԸ˺ú
Ҳ׽͸ͼЩڴҲܵĴˣұжϣ
ɺɺһۣûлش⡣
С㣬պ㸸׼һ档
Ұ֡ɺɺһͣû뵽ôͺ˼ˣ뵽Լ׸ܣɵЩ顣
ʱ磬Ȼ֪׵ĸܣԴӴǸ绰ɺɺʱûкϵչ˲֪̬Ρ
ĻֻйأǼ򵥵óģҪһĴۣСûµĻȻȥɣһҹûأҲǺܵˡ
˵׼Ҳܲµɺɺ˸ܣô죬ﻹЩˬ
ǽ̸ݣ漰еܣˣҲ֪ɺɺǱˣ
ɺɺȻȥɡȰûʲôˡ
ðɣȸˡɺɺûм֣Ȱ˵£뿪Ͼֹ˾յĵ£ҲЩˡ
ɺɺһߣʱֻʣ˷
֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ʵҡҡͷ
ǵĻ𣿡
ǵáĵͷȻ֮ʣǾ仰ȻǼǵ·˵ãҲģһС
סԼȭͷָ׶ǶƤ棬ЩѪҺ߳ȴûаʹ飬ʹԶԶҪƤ˸ʹ
ģġҧ
ǣʲô취ˣѣϣٺõҽҲβңٺõҩҲβҡ˵ſȭͷį;
пʵٶĲʣΡ
˵а취أȵƽŵ˵
ʲô˶סˣԼĶ⣬Ȼϵȴû˿αѵ˵ģ
ҩɵ˼ϣʱ
а취ղʮʮ˵ܽΣȳҲԼ˵仰
ƾԭӣЧ̫ˣԶԶǰЩϡƷ
Ҫ֪ˮѪЧȻҲ죬վм޵ģҲвȱݣ˻˽ܣκƣЧ̫ˣ֪϶̲סᣬĵˣЩϼ˵Ҳᶯġ
ˣɺɺˣ֪һУõɣҲҪʹĴۡ
ϾǼֵڶϡƷҲ˵Ĺȥ
ϲѹûⷽ˵ûʮɰգֻһɣҲԸȥԣģҲһУ΢ϣҪץס
ҩУΪʲôҪƽ޹ʵóһˮ
ǲóʯģڴģȥһ޹صˡ
⡭ɫҰףҲ뵽ˣΪʲôҪƾҩǺεȵ󣬲ܿͷӦ
ֻҪκҵˣġ۵ǹϿҵ
ɡ˻֣ʱоһ֪ǷֻΪʵȻǿҲ̲סӾη
׾ͺáȵľ仰
ƽ޹ʵľģ϶Ҫۡ
ȻϣҲûʲôǲԼ˵ĻϵҲֻأ͵ǶԼΪ͵һˡ


204 
ҲҪκ㣬ֻҪΪҹʮ꣬ˡ
󣬷
ƾ츳ΪˮɣϣߵǺεǶԷٸмʱ䳤ˣ˵Ҳڵ
Ҫֻ̫࣬ҪΪԼʮ꣬Ҳ͹ˣڼ䣬ҲḶн꣬ʮԸԸУͲںˡ
ʮԼͲ֪ɳεȵزˣߣ
ĶλػϾֹ˾
һֱϾģĵ˲٣϶˰Ͼֹ˾˻õİ취Լ
ΪߣػϾֹ˾ʹ´ˣֻҪŪĶ̫Щϼע⣬Ͼֹ˾ֵģҲжǿ
ҲϾ㣬Ͼͻָˣɺɺ³ҳ֣˻Ҫһתע㻹Ҫһʱ䡣˵
Ͼģʵ޷ܿɺɺҲɺɺתѺԼֻʹһЩֶΣתעñ˻ɵͷˡ
û⡣ͷ
ȻЩʧܿȻˣô궼ˣҲںȼ졣
߰ɣҰܸˣӽԺϾֹ˾Ա˵ҲǸ˵
߳ңޱϾֹ˾˶룬󣬾Ͱܸˡ
ŵְϾֹ˾Ĺʡ
ôŷḻרҵ֪ʶĹʣְǴϰ尲ģû˵ҷ
УǬٶϣϾֹ˾ҵ٣ûоٰᣬ˶Աרҵ֪ʶҪ󲻸ߣ˭вˣϾֹ˾н겻ͣвˡ
ʽУȻνĹֻǸʱԵְȵƻָȻᰲŵʺϵĸλȥ
ټˣȥ˸ľƵٰᣬӭļ롣
ԴӱҸϳй˴ипǧҲǶ˲ٹУȻδҲûжȾƣȵȥҽԺβ
ֱӻһû˺֮ǡ
ڶ졣
ϾеһҴУС
Уһʷ൱ƾõУʱܾˣϾڶ˵˵ϹŶĴڣҲһָҵͷϴ
ȻʱľУȴɽɱĺ꣬ȻǿŴеʸʵȴѾǼάˡ
һգ쵽°ʱһͻȻ߽˾С
һϮɫ£ͷϴſñһīסˣò
λдˣһԱסˣĿ⾯衣
˴磬ɡ
ҪǾ˿ڵ˻ơ
ԲԱظ
ûֱȥԱסȻһײʱеɣӲĵײȥ
һײҲùԱ϶Է߲ơ
ˣˣϳȥԱеıѶȻǰȴûֵܵһغϣԷͬʱᱻײɳȥ
͵ԱͱҪʱһ˴ŲҴҵ˳
Ҫ֣
ˣǾеܾȻû˸ҷԡ
λеܾܾҪλߵǰ
ʵϣλҲ֪ΪʲôܾˣصҪ̬ȹ
ǵʱڰ칫ۣ淢ĶϾ;ǣ˴õ¼ǵܾɫϾͱˣˡ
˵˵ͷ߽˵ݣû˿ԥ
˺ܿ쵽ܾңһʮ͵棬ʱӭ
֣ܡ
ӣǾеܾ֣Ρ
֣ζ˹˹֡
С֣ȥ׼ˮסҪõĲҶ֣ηԸˡ
λʣǽߣһߣ֣εĺʱ̲סʵ
ʵʱ¼ʱסˣ֣ڶౣˣŪǿʵͲһģ𰸼Ǻ֮ˣǾǶԷǽߡ
֣һǵС壬ҲԻ͹֪ߵĴڡ
û˵˵ͷû
֣΢𣬼в²⣬ȻʱԷϣȴҲ̲ס𶯡
Էشôɴ࣬᲻թ
֣κֻܿ
ڻң
ңҡ֣æȻжЩʵ
һ̧ƣڰ칫һŲֻԭһӡۣľ֣ǵȥһ㣬ȻڶԷΪ֮£·û¡
һĻ֣εһҲһɡ
֪γƺ֣ι
˶˶٣ԽңӰ
ӰУкιɣ֣ƽ¼ߺĲ飬ʵ
һҪί˳
˵ţһʱһССƿ˰칫ϣ֪ǾУٹ죬ͻһᣬⶫʱҪϡ
⡭֣ԥ£ĲĶԷǽߣȴɣܷҿһ£
ơ
õɣ֣Сƿοƿں󣬴յӵţһ˵ĹζţҲ֪ʲôϡ
һ仰УУ֣üͷ
֣ɫұţı⣬ǲⶫģǣӰģӦĻԷ϶ᶯ֡
ðɣʱϡ֣ȨƬ̣ѡ˵ͷһߣ̫ˡ
Ӱ֪Ʒʲôʲô֣ʵ
ͽҩΰٲ²֢ƣȫҽ֣μּۣһ䣺ҵҩĲһǧ򣬺ߺߡ
ûĳһǧ򣬺Σû˵Ȼ֣ȴǲ˸䡣
ûﵽԷԤڣôʣԼ;У⵽ؽߵı
ԣӰǴǮˣΪߣҪŪǮףҲһֽ߲ԸĳЩҪŪǮûôˡ
֣Ҳ˵һЩΪŪǮȡһЩǿǿֶΣʣԼˡЩһ˵̫֣˳֮ǿǿһԸһԸ˭Ҳû취Ҳû˻Ϊȥһߡ
һǧ򣬼۸ߣӰȻҲִ֪ġ
Ҳգ͵ƲˣûҲǮԼ֣ΰԿЦȻЩǲ˵ġ


205 ͼı
̸֮˾׼뿪
һȡǮʧ
֣æӦǡ
ӰܷչʾһݣҾǵģʱðȡǮɲҪʧ֣ʲôæסˣ˵
Ӱһͣ󻺻תǸī֣ζܸоԷĿ⣬׹ѣжʱ֪ˣԼͲðҪˡ
Ƭ̵ĳź󣬴˵һɡ֣֣ظʱŷ֣󱳶ˮʪˡ
һߣѹʵ̫ˡ
ӭ֣ڴĿ⣬˻ժīñӣһǷ֣ǰ
ˡ˺ܿ콫īñ´˻ȥ뿪
һߣ֣ͬһ㣬ȴЩɻ
ûмˣǺʵġ
ȻЩֵǣ濴ʱȶԷµסݣ֣λԺȴһƬհףüƴ˵òĻ֣λ޴֣Ϊûصļ䡣
ⲻ˵׿ˣ֣ţܹ濴ԷĻһܹȷɵϳ
뿪УһƫƧСܿʧȥӰ
ˡ
һ¥Ķ̨΢һ
зܷݵصҪ׷ײô̵ʱ䣬Ҳжע⵽ԼӶ١
ǸˣȻǷġ
һȦӣΪתעָƵͬʱҲ˻ɵͷ
֣εҩͨҩƣĵرԼʯ೶ϰϵҲһӰˣûҪóƷ˭֪֣λ᲻˼̰īԼĶɲҪ鷳
ͨˣĶᣬҲǷýߵѹȶԷƵöԷòӦȻ֣ǲԿġ
õǮȥȡӪģһǿǿĽûȥȡǮкܶԭ򣬾֣ȥͷ۰ɣĵģתע˶ѡ
ֶΣҲھðˡ
֮ǰ͵ڻῪУģ⾩С
УҪôǹģ̫СҪôʵۺ񣬷ҪűȣðһķգԼߴ̽ϾмУж͹ϼƵġ
Ȼϳ֮ӣʶеģЩط֪Ļ࣬һ㣬ʵְλͲˡ
ѡ񾩻УҲжԷĿڡ
ʷƾãܾ֣θĳСĳԱ֪ߵĴڵģţͲ̫ĲȥУԷûнҲֻΪʵǿ󣬸㲻þͻᱨ鸴ӻԷļƻ谭
ֿǣж
˵֣ǰ¶ûʲô⡣
ǵޣôɽ֮ԼһԻЧ֣ο׾٣ҲԺ¼䡣
ֶֻΣÿ˿ʱ򣬶ͬҶԴɽ֮ҲǼɲǱ֮½ķΧ˷īñסԼݣֻùؼ￴ˣ֣βҪĻҲôȥԷġ
¥һȥۿ·ⶰ¥Ӳûз֣һ˴
Ͻֵ°ܼ˳УܿʧȥӰ
ļգûȥϾֹ˾ְ齻¡
ѩûʲô°ɣ뿪Ҳмˣ˸绰ȥ
ûʲô£һ£ǵξƷĽˡлѩѵڵУҵͷټΪѣ˸ûвеġ
ңǣҲǱ֤еİȫ
ҵ绰ָ˸绰
硣˵ƽ
ҲûʲôҪ£ֻǴ绰˵˵죬͸ռڵѾӣԷʱ
̸棬˵ˣٹһʱͻܸоͲһߣĿġ
Ͼ£Ҫˡվ˸
ҪΪµĽ׼ҲǲϾ̫ãͷû̫ʵƷ
̫죬ҪͨΪ֮ĵر࣬ѶȻһЩ
ҲûǴ˴εϾһĿģѰǸͶйصĵر


206 ۻ
̱˺󣬾ӵϾĳλò
֡ңûͨܽҲĵز³Ƕ̻֪
ṩĶϾѾΪϸѯȷ˱̵ĿǸС壬ȻʱЩ仯
ǸСȻǽȣݷ֪ԷҲǸߣϧǣΪͨͨ飬Ϻûн֣߳ѪԽԽϡҵЩơ
ȻҵҪǰߺ࣬澭н֣߳Ͼĵλʮȹ̡
Ҳ֪ô£ʱʲôǸСһԱѪѣȻͻƳ˽ߣʱ˶̶Լ˶֣λһŭ֮£˶ֻ̣ˡ
нߺûнߣ֮
λߵ£ǸСԼٶȳɳѾϾвСһˣȻ޷ٹ̵ȣǺͼǰķƮҡ֮
һ˵ǽĴ֮һòнѪΪ֮ܲѣԼĿ꣬ʱҵţȻҲ˵¡
ԶԷݣֱѯʣ²κν
Ȼ棬ײϾδҲǲ֮գϾô󣬷ҲһһطȥҲû֤ĵر۵Χڡ
ƻָнȥɡͷλ֣϶õİ취ȦµķΧʱѰ׶ˡ
ǱʿһƻָλҲλߣ˵ľҲЩ֮ͬ˵йͬԡ
Ѱ˼ţֻ
ҪҪ㣿ľۻˡˬʵ
İɣôǡЦ
ǰЩӣ뷽ȥμһϾиμӵľۻᣬǽ졣
룬˸绰ޱһ
ϰ壬ңҲȥ࿵һûС
ԴӼк͸Ŀڽзϰˡ
ľۻᣬвٴˣ֪ԼȥĻ϶ҵˣ˵һЩ鷳
ҵ鷳˵ȥˡ
֡ɫ΢鷳ѵ˵㲻ԼʧȥһУҵ˺ڣ
ҲľȻ֪ڵ顣
Ҫģ׵վߣΪϾֹ˾񣬾Ҫ⿪ĽᣬӺɷ򣬵
ᵣģԼûãǾֻˣȴкܴġ
֮ǰǳڱأû˵ʮʮİգʵϷţʯƾģҲûĹǡ
ˣǻҪμϵᡣѵ
еᣬǳۻĵϽУʱ򣬲μӾۻ棬϶һЩ˻ȥμӣҪǣ֤
˿϶ȥģͺͷⳡᣬҲͨԼŪ뺯
ˣϰ塣ϵᣬĺҲǼٿȥμӾۻᡣ
㡣
ˣޱĳӣӰ
ʱӰ棬ͣ˲ٵĺγ֮ƽǴͬ
ΪⳡۻᣬӰʱдͨĻԱˣֻЩӵμӾۻˣܽ롣
ޱĳӣֻͨıۣΧĺųһ㶼ۣ˴ӳʱӰǰļ棬һüͷһ壬ʹϡ
⼸ӦûнӵԱ֪֪ͨһϾۻᣬŻ
Ȼͱͬסˡ
󶭵Ŀˣͬѵ
ǰ츺ִڵˣ˼Գӭӷǣ걣Ķ۹⣬ܿһ㣬ƺҪֺöԷɴ˿ɼԷı
ûʱ˵ˣûҪôȥˡ
ͬһҲվסˣûȥ
ȥɡӰ˵
˼Ȼ˷μӣ⣬ȻҲ͸㶨ˡ
׼ȥʱһܳ۶ͻȻǲԶͣ
˴ܳ˶Էһۣʱ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥҲǲɵ΢⼸棬ȻһڽŹˡ
շ֣Ҫصİͷû֣ʱӦûҽԺ棬ʣ¼ˣû̫صˡ
ǣ⼸ɫҲһ䡣


207 ǰͻ
ȥŹˣҵĵλߣ˵صĽɫǵݣҪҵȨ˶ѣˣҲδػǵĻ
Ҫȥһһؿˣָ˵ĻأǿʣԼ
⼸ҵˣɫ΢䣬һֻ˱ġֻ͸߸ϵԽе
ޱҲǶ࿴˼ۣվķȴֻǵһƳƿߣҲֻǸ˹ˣ¶¿־֮ɫ༸˶ǲΪȻ
һĻʱףͷ˵ľѹû⼸š
Ļ⼸˲˷Ӧ
ΪʲôеĸߴƳ
㡭һ⻰˫ȭȻս¶ǿҵͷߺ֮ɫܿ죬ѹȥ
⼸ܹ費ˣںһ㡣
ʲô˼Ͼֹ˾Ĺʣô˵𣿡ޱһԿȥˣŭ
Уûߴƽ˷һۣϰ壿
ȻߴװͿôһ۾ϳϰ壬Ҫ˵ǰû˵ҲͰˣǸһģҲ˵Щˣº϶飬˽⵽Ͼֹ˾Ҳ֪ˡ
ʱﴧ׵Ϳ޷跽ˡ
⻰ޱҲ¶ŭݡ
ڷķӦֱӸɴࡣ
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ߴ¶ŭɫΪ֮ˣҲԺյλʲôʱ˵ȳģ۾ŷŨɱ
˶ôܸ˵ģȻˣͻվڸߴԵһȴǲȻŭһ죬ץ˹
Ǹ֮ĿһҪ˵ЩʲôĿȴӲ˻ȥ
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ɵƵģץƲܣվԭأֻ֪ǽߵͱ֮˲Ų롣
ߴ¶֮ɫ̲ס۱֮ˣм
ȻûжԷ˵ôôֻһֿܣ˵ˡ
ȻƿҪץʱһֻȴǺڶԷ۽磬귴Ӧǰݺݵϡ
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пһĻˣ涼Ǻݺһ飬ʶԼǿ󣬱е꣬θܡ
ѪݷɽԴΪʼӿת˼Ȧڿлһߣص˼һϣʱúƴľ

ߴɫ䣬и˳ȥԣ鿴
Ȼ⣬ŷһޱȣʵϲأɱˣȻԽ߶Եģ߶ǵˣȻʲôҲǲɱġ
쵰
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ߣߴɫ쳣ѿĶŷƾһţȷϣǲǽߣǼ㲻ǣֳʵҲֻ֮ϣû취һŽߵ֮ҵġ
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ߴ俴˷һۣӰ˸ǰ˻档
Ҳȥɡ
ǰССͻԣθ˶㲻ϣȻϡ


208 
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ϣֻҪ̫֣Ҳһֻ۱һֻ۵̬ȡ
ߵſڣޱչʾ˻Ա󣬷˳ͨĽȥˣȻҲͷȻҲСЩȻɫÿҲûˡ
ǼʲôͷתͷʵޱҲ֪лҪ˵Щ롣
Ǹ߸ߴģܣҲҵ̾˿üЩȻȻǰ£ȻȲңҲȥˣҵһĿǰΪס
ǸߵıȽϽĸࡣ
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Ҳ⣬ָһμ棬ҪñֺûԼ
ţͻȻһİ˴Զ˹˵ĽĿĶŷ
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209 ҵĻ
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üͷ΢壬һ˵˶Է֡
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ĿԶܵƳһۣĿ΢ܿȥȻӦҷŹ
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210 ֮
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˵û⵽˵˵Ĵǳ⣬ǸоԼˡ
ΪϾҵˣֲǲҪǻҵĵλߣ׸ҵĵڶݣҸоãûôѷ
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ǣϰ壬ڸ߶򳡱ˡܾ˵һ¡
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ܾͬһЩ˶࿴˼ۡ
ûмκһСȦӣڸ߶ΧµĲ쿴ܾһڵĽš

ͻ᳡ԵøӣҲȦӵע⣬ϸĿ˶Էۣ˶Ȼһϳ˶Է
΢˳˵Ŀȥ
ȻʶԷϣоһЩв
ۿ
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211 
ߣҲһĽߡ
ӵǿңȻƷĽߡ
ʶˣʵ
أžη֮ɫʻʱͷϵãҽҼһ档
Ҳ⼸ϾĴˡ
ӼϵļһֵӼҵ𡭡дž˵š

˻û˵꣬׹˵ĵ˭
ˣ˶̵ǸߣӼңҲǸС壬ȻҲϾеĴˡ
ȻȲ塢ңӼĴ£Ҳǲ˶٣Сǲ
һϾĵط϶ᴥ˵棬ڼҲн֮Ľ棬ܽӼҴزͿɼԷʵ֮ǿˡ
һЩ˿ӼΪʱ̫̣̫ǳЩƴ֮£Ȼû˸С
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˼ڵʵĻǲ򵥡۾΢УӶԷѪϣжϳʵ
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һκŭ֣ͬСɣǽ߻˭ܽӵӵɣȻʵҲǲ
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212 ʤ
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ȫˡĵ˵ͷЦݣңǽˡ
Ƕлˣ㡭
ɺɺĻû˵꣬ͱˡ
С㲻ÿҵԱȻлᣬҿ϶᳢һ֮⣬ȴ˵ԼҩΪеԱɺɺĹϵҲòרųл
ʵϣҲʮ⡣ЦЦ˵ҩҿζҲܹ֣û뵽ȻãЧĻǲǼеĲ
ЧʯԶˮȣڷģһ˵Щô˼飬ѷֳ
ôģеⳡдӰ죬ϾͬһƷ˵ˮѪϣ϶Ӱ쵽еģصҩȴǲᣬ֮䣬ǲΡװȵȣر𣬲Ტۡ
ǲ˼顣쳣ĸӣ֪θźá
ǣڰɡ
Լ̬ȼһЩڱмģԼɡ
ǧ򣬶˵һСǮˣȴջһȫȫĸмԼ۱Ⱥε֮ߡ
ϧûкҩɳԡ
ټĻҡ
ɳΪĿĴڣصעĶʱʱľĿɨӹ
ԼСʱ󣬾еܾ֣ι¿ʼ
ſһң֣Ȼϣôв˶ԽѾȤˡ
ƽһ裬ţȵ֣֣֮˹
θɵʧһḺ⳥ֱͦƵ˵
֣һû뵽˵ⷬ
˵ᣬ֣ѹҹﵽͷȥϾ˵ȴǽˣȴǱϹϾվڷ˭ܿߵ𱰹ϵ
ĸҵ
Ȼ˲ʧ֣ҲǴݺѪ̣⣬Ȼ˼ƺҪ⳥
֣ʱãڵӱһЩʧȻٺò
ؽ㣬;кϼһ£һЩҪ⳥ģͳƳĽ͸ҡתͷޱ
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Ը⳥еʧԩͷ򻵵λȫ⳥˵ϵʧֻϳˣ뾩ҲûӶթ
ˣ֣һҪ̡֣Ρ
ʣֻҪ֪ģԲʱ֣ζԷǺøУˬĴӦ
Ҳ⣬ҡҡָʵ֪ǣṩҩĽߣ˭
⣬Ȼ֮еġ
վڷĽǶϣҲܷŹ⣬ԵЩ١
֣ʵҲǲµˣԥ£Ǿ˵˳ҲǺΪλģ֮ǰҴûмֻ֪ӰǳƺΪӰ
Ӱ𣿡üͷ΢¶˼֮ɫȻһõģ漴ˣֻҲãȻҡͷ
ðɣл֣ˣᣬǾͲˣǡվƽ
ҲȷʵûȤμӽˡ
ԭܸȤˣʱҲȫޣͷһ뿪ˡ
ҹıʣͬһ㣬ٶȴϾеᣬʱ˲Сĺ䶯
ϾлǺģţһĻ⣬̵ӡڼٴἰҲǺܿͻ
ЩûȥμӾеˣ޲أûۼ֤һ̡
Ϣոմʱ򣬴󲿷˶ǽŽɣ֮Աǡ
ʲôЦͬǻʵǣˣôΣһֱŵڣ
ңʲôȼ
ҲǿŴеĿӰˣʵϣϾһĴȫûпɱԣһЩĴѹͲȥμӾоٰᡣ
ǵУܳҩ
һʼǲţȻԽԽվЩμˣתˡ
ȻҲеʵԣ;дͨɵļЩμ˱ƭˣҲдʣ޷ǾΪɻ⣬쾩еӶʹþ
ƲտʼҲһгЩμˣĿһУȴǲαģǲûˣǼֵ߳ģαα첻žóЩλԭɵҲˡ
֤ȷ䣬ϷһҩȻƾͻƳ˽ߣѾûж˻ˡ
һ£ԭûУҲǿʼ۽硣
ͬһ죬ʱ׿ڳϣǽߣѾСĺ䶯ˣҲ˵˷ϣϵᣬһذը˾޴ĺ䶯
һУӵߣʲô۽ߵĻǺϾһЩҪǿ٣ȻߵʵǿһŶۣҲû˵Соˡ
Ͼһʱ룬ҲǴ˷˴Ͼ֮еĿģȽ˵ٰ쾫Ʒᣬӡ
ʣͬΪУϾеЩУһұߵģƾһ㣬оǼˣӡ̣Ȼ򣬶еЩϡƷǻ᲻ỳɣǲ˵
⣬ϾΪˮٹҲȥڻϾչȭŵʱȸһ̵ӡ󣬲ҪģߵݣԽСˡ
һʱ䣬зͷ޾һ˶ˡ
ЩĶעķһ¡


218 ˭Ӱ
ǸӰ˭
ܴ֣ʳӰĴڣȻҲڻ¡
Ӱ鹹ʽЩ۽磬Ҳת˲ע
УûбЩ֮Ͼﶼʲô˵ǷˣҲһƾҳ˽ߣǿȥУҲһĵ
ȻĶģµҩ
ĶֱδţЧǳĺãصƶκã˵ǲڻ¡
δؾǶһûУҲⵣģҩͲηηβˡ
ңߵʣעһҩЧЧ΢ڽ֮սУҩɽռݾƣѶΣһƻõ˵
ϧǣҩѾˣҵͱ飬ҪʣҲǲܣЩҪҩֻܴӾкί֡
֣ȻӰ˳
ӰĽߣϾиûôһˣǻҲطģȻ֣Էòʱȴѡ
֣θ治Էò֤ܼĻ϶ϳԷ
˽⵽ǸӰھгֵľЩоĲ򵥣Էա
Ψһİ취ھвߣȴԷȡǮˡ
ȻʧǣǸӰҲûгֹᵽ˲ĸоӶˡ
Ҳû˻ɹӰϾЩҲЧƵĵط˵վסš
˵ϾûжϡƷˣˣ֤Ƿģ
µĺöֻзһˣֻвУ
Щ֮Ȼǲŵġ
Ҫ֪Ҳ֪ĴڵģҲûеĶ
Ҳˣʲô˵У˵ӰһصĽߣϾҲ˵Ӱĳϼˣ˵ӰһǱоĽߣоҩרų֤ġɷ˵Уһ㶼ۡ
Ͼֹ˾
ϰ壬һ㶼ģһлɷӰʱΪ˷ˣָ˵ð˿
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ʲôõĵġ΢ɹھеıݺûκ©˻ɹҲվסŵġ
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š˵ͷĵڶ죬Ǹû˵ʵǿ٣ȷĳΪߺ󣬾뿪ˡ
ϰ壬˵ǲЩˣ
ɫأͷ漴ҡҡͷ
ҲȷԺηǶˣҲصĹϼˣǣ˽̫ˣȻҲ޷ƾһͲ²
Ȼ֮ˣҲϾһˣǰݣҲ˽̫ࡣ
Щ˻ǱȻġ
ΨмȷĳΪߣŻһС
ȻûƷȵιۻҪǿһ㣬״ҲƷʵϾЩǲСȻΪ֤жߵĵλһˣƷĽߣɼԷʵ
ԼĽ£ǱҪġ
¹ӦòˣϾ㻹δƷڽ棬ҲǿߣǵעӰϡ
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ҧҧϰ壬£ЩҷŲ¡
΢΢ͷ϶ҪģҲûȥֹڡ
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ҵʵȥ»ԴڶֵʱҲʣݻ죬ȷͷȥһЩźá
֮ǰҪȥһˡ
ûǣϾһĿģ̵֪Ĵ·Χ󣬷ʹ㶯ֻҪɷͷ﷢չ⼸սƽ׼ǰˡ


219 
Ͼ⡣
ͽٶȿƲ죬ʵʮ־ˣҲʱ仹磬ɫոշûע⵽һ㡣
һγûдκˣϾֹ˾̬Ľ֮һǳڽҲ
ܿ죬͵ĿĵأĿĹˡ
̲ԲУȻ֪ôĽϾɱ˵񣬲Ͼж֣ǾԲҵġ
ˣѡֵʱλӼ֮˳Ͼеʱ򣬱Ͼģ˲֪ҪȻϾӼҡ
һ̵˴ù
λӼ֮˲һ˳ͬźüˣҲûʲôΪЩȫͨˣѹڶ̵Ȼ뿪ϾеĿģģƫƫȥӭ
ǣ̺ײ塣
ЩϸڣǲΪ֪ģ˵ԲµĳעӼҸĻһ꣬Ҳҵ˿
ĿܣȻ˶㣬εķʱӿ˳ɹʮ׾룬ǽͷ˸һĳϡ
ʱΣһˣǷֲ˷·Ҳûˣݻᱻ˷֡
̵Լӵϸ۳ݶϡԿһЩۼѾǷǳˣἰҲע⵽Ǽ۵СѹۣǶġ
ǳݶûôطĺۼʱ䣬ͷֲˡ
۾ĬĬŶ̿ܵĶ򣬰Լ뵽̵λãԼǶ̣ô
һǹȴûдĿ꣬˱ƿˣҪߵʱɱ˹Խߵٶȣ̸ûпܴĳһǹ̵Ļңʱ϶ףԼϸˡ
Զ̵ԸһУ϶ͻԶݣʱǻ°ʱ򣬶̴ݶϹȥ΢һݶεķܣûз˿졣
°ĹУȻ뿪õİ취ҲǳصģٶȸޱȣǴݶ󣬾ͱ۽һƴѪ׷ɡ۽ߵĳǽڣﲻǻҪ䣬ǽڲשʯɣһЩӲϣԿһ޲ĺۼǱ̸ײƵġ
һƾ͹ˣԶ̵ʵܲĵڶιҲǳϣԷĻͻңˡ
ָһһСͷжʱ˳ȥնϹŵţŲ˽ȥ
ṩϢԼԼһЩƲ⣬ԭŵ귢ս
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׷ʧȥ˶̵ӰȻΪɱ̵֣ḻʧȥĿһûӰˡ
ǣӡһͷ㹻ӳԶ
ҲѲܣȴһ
ԶʲôֶߵĲȤֻ֪Էӡ
ǽһ·Զ̵Ըʮа˾ŻͣһͨߣԱʱˣеַһޣͨߣҲӳơ
⸽ǰĵͼѰ˼˻ᣬ·˹ȥ
ҲĻȽƫƧ˲࣬ǱӣμҲΨлȺĵطȻˡ
ΧĻɱֵĻ̲֪ܲһ㣬ѡķҲһĿȻˡ
Сʱ󣬷һ԰档
û´ĻӦþ⸽ˡЩܡ
˵ģӵ̫ԶȻҪǣ԰Щ
ִ൱΢Բȫע£û©飬ȷ⹫԰棬Ų˴
ʲô߶߶ĶִԴΪޣΪĵر
޶ĵر൱еģʵӣˡ
֮ԻΪڶϣһˮ״ʯܵĵرϢ
ָоˣǷǳĵҲĵرʯαĵرǾֻһֿܣĵرϢֹ
ֻҪʯˣͬĵرαĵرȴ÷ӦΪĵرһʱ䳤մȾ˶ԷϢҲһġ


220 °
ĳ̽߳ĵرĵطʱĵرϢɢݳĵرҲʯһֱڡ
Ⲣǲܣʯһܺõӡ
ЩϸڣƲ̵Ĳ֮ΪǵޣĵرиӦûⱾˣҲȷ˶̲˲Żö̴Ƥӵߡ
۾΢΢𣬷߽˹԰ͬʱۡ
ĵرϢǳĵǷҲԼֻܲȷڹ԰棬ھλãҲǲ
ΪҲʱ̽ķΧѾǧףֻҪĵرڵǧ֮ڣͻᱻ֡
Ƭ̺󣬷Ųһ١
ֻ۷ΧڣһŻɫԾ۽硣
һĵر֡¶ɻ֮ɫ
ĵرⲻ֣÷벻ͨǣԷȻһĵرͷԤС
յ˵ʯϵϢ֮ã÷ӦģǺǿĵرĵر߸ߵȽףҲǲܡ
ѵ˵ĵر⣬˵š
ǲɣʯմȾϢĵر˵һĵرĻôֻ˵ԷˣǣǾĵر
һʱ䣬԰̤飬ΧһЩطҲ鿴ȴҲûзֵڶĵر
ˣڶֿҲǴڵģϾֻܿǧڵĵرԷǧ£ҲǷֲ˵ģֿ޷ϡ
Ȱĵرóɡüͷ΢š˦۳ش룬˴أҪһĵرȡܿ죬ͷ쳣
ڱ֮½Χڣشܵ˼ƣڵصĳԶԶСڱ֮½ڣĵرûжλãӦôشȡãȻȴʧˡ
⻹ǹؼķ֣شغϸоǿָоǽһܵųƵġ
һ˵㲻ڱ֮½شҲ⵽̫ų⣬ϾͬһԴģǴʱĸоȴǽȻͬ
ų⡢ܡ
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ǰδеʱ˷Ȥ
ڵ޵ļ棬ҲûƵ޵ı֮½ͻǵֻзһޣֿų
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ȤҵҪ㵽ʲôôشȡĵرǲˣ٣Ȼ̶ܽȥοԼ
ۿشҲأ̽ڲ
ԷĿܺǿԽԽѣΪҲѹûָţƶŴشķλ
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¶ϲɫʣԼǷܵˣܽȥ˵϶ͨУͨǲųشġ
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һεķܣţӰһͨڲ
ͨһƬҺ÷ʱ׼ȡһֵͲǰ
ͨ׾ܿȻγɵģΪ˼Ӻ󣬿ʼĿò˶ã³˰ף᫲Զ˹԰ڵλãȻͬԶһĵر
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⡣
һʱռ䣬ʼ½ϣһźɫСͨڷС
ˮ飺һĵرбˮ֮Ч
ǷԺϵһĵرʱôޣû뵽ôó
ˮһڷΧγһ֣ĵˮ˳ȥͬʱ棬ԺϢΣա
ˮͨж೤˿塣
ȵȡ
ڷҪϵռϵʱȻһֵĸоӿͷǼʵӤζʳһ㡣
ʼ½
󾪣ܸоָоԺѪʼ½
ȻйŹ֣ʼ½Ӧ飬ǵһȻҲȲҪھܡ
ϵռϵָоʧˣ÷ף϶⴦ڵԵʣ˶񣬷ֽţǱˮףˮͨȥ
ˮͨܳףۣһϣһ£еĵط˲УеĵطȴһͨҲǷбˮ飬õϢԴζûκΣա
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治֪궾ôġͷ˵°һۣɻ
ȴǲ֪°Ҳпݽߵʱ򣬶̵ãʱ򣬵°ӵˮŸռСȵλã˶̹׾٣ʱȴˮûбˮ飬ͨС
ɽ֮ܿ콫·ɣʪ·ϼܣ󣬷żǰ
ۣϸ쿴ܣ֣һĵرѾˣ˵뷽ǧף۵̽鷶Χڡ
ѵ˵ĺһĵر޹أüͷ΢šЩȷԭ˼˻ᣬͻȻ۳һش룬͵һͬһ㶶ıֱŷƻӶݺݴ˶ڡ
һΣףҲ̲ȥ֮ܵҪԶڵʱ
Ȼ
һĻʱȷǰδе䣬ȷʵһĵر޹أԷһĵرЧޣӰ쵽ôķΧӦڷá
ҲԼĿ꣬ӦԽԽˣصı仯֤һ㡣


221 ʯ
ۿ
˳ŵͨһᣬۣǰȥԤϵĻʱӦܿĵرˡ
һźɫ⣬ȻԾ˷۽硣
ĵرȻһȻûиľϲĵرҲĿǰջߵȽĵرȻжʧ
~
һ磬ǰԾȥͬʱҲ׼۳˷УԷпֵܳս
˵˵Ķ̶ȫˣҲܵˡ
ǰȻֵͲĵƹսȥԿڰŷǰĵ׺൱Ļ
Ǳʯٶȼ죬תۼ䣬͵һտڣĿɨܿ췢Щı塣
һС״ʵضͬıʯ
ЩʯȫǶڶϣдСۼֵҲǼ䲻ƣԷңʱҲЩĶαĵرķ룬Ӧ׵۹ϡ䱦ֵǣıʯҲȲϡ
֪ܲ̽۳˴ش룬һκǰ漸βͬĸȻ۳Ĵش룬Ҳžɱһ֡
ŷشѸ죬ݺݴ˶ڡ
~
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ЩӲõڣ¶жЧȻʱ۳Ĵشȴ޼᲻ݣȻ쳣ļѣǴУűʯתһȦ
ǿűѡΪĿıʯΧһЩʱӶϵˤڵϣ̱ˤķ飬ڱʯǰȻ
ڶʱЩ廹ӲȻһ壬ȴͨʮ
ĿŵϵһƳû⣬֮Ի˼ӲĵرӰ£ڿԷýһϣһ뿪ͻʧȥӰ졣
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һѰ˼˹ԼǴˣҲĵرӰ췶ΧȻӶǾͲپ߱ӲʣȻһӴֱԭ
Ϊˤ˵ԵʣС࣬شڵ΢΢һͽ鱦ʯС
˻ᣬ漴ռ䣬֮Ͷʼ½
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ʽԶֶͨ;Ʒ֮䣬ҲԴרʽеķչЩʯƷʣԼ˽ܵĳ̶ȣٰרᣬδؾͻƷ١
뵽ǲŹЩʯˡ
㶨һϽעתƵһϣ«ӶһηѧˣûأشͲȥʯξסţһճŵʱȥʡ˷һֽš
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ӦҲûзı£ĶڼʯֶθڲֻĿЩʯɵۣ޿κΡ
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һǿŵԶ̵ʯȡ˳֮˽ȥϵɢһЩСպúʣ֤Ӧþʯԭڵĵط
ˮ״ʯӦþǶƴΨһջˡ
÷еֵǣȻһʯյ˵Ӧ¸ǣҹȥʱˣӦкܶﱦʯƷʣܰסȡ
Ҫ˵һν׼ҲˣȻӲȴҲ޼ƿʩֻҪ׼Ӷиھʲô¡
Ϊʲô̻
Ϊǵ°ӵ
ҡҡͷƷһ²⣬Ͼһû׼ᱻ°ӵסҲ˵ĹȥԺĻˮļҲԴǱˮװ°ڲûΣգˮͨٸӣҲܰȻι
ңʯ״̬Ҳ÷⡣
ѾȡıʯûһմȾĵرϢƫƫʯȴУ˼껹ûɢ
Ҫ˵Ϊ࣬ͬʯҲһЩ˵ˮ״ʯλҲô棬Ϊʲôأ


222 ؾ
ͷԺûж룬ʯմȾģĵرϢԼĵرλãˣǶ̵ļԵҲ˵
߶ϵıʯߺ󣬷Ųǰȥ
Щʯ٣ʼ½һʱҲǱˡ
ǰıʯʼϡƷȴԽԽߣҲûзŹ֮ԼȡҲûʲô˵ġ
žĵرԽԽҲ˲
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ܡͺһǰһ俴ܣһֱ˵Ƿҽ֪˭ķ
ѵǣڱƾ㣬Ҳ£һָŷм
ϣȷʵǻָƣΣ
ѾüˣԼһֱڽܾԲţԭ̤֮õԼĶ֡
ģ˽ߵ˵ѹš
ϰ壬㲻Ҫ֣ҪķڷתԷ
ԣ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
õĳŵתͷЦҲˣҵϰ岻֣ôĪˣֻҪԼǷҲԷŹ㡣
˭㡣ŭʹ򡣡
ܳӣڳ˶Щڽ£ʵǿ֮ˣǲΪ
ÿһȦӣҵҲǱ̧˳ȥֻʣˡ
վһԣû˿ɻĿⶼͶ˹
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ܺĻûͷûβ˭óܻԷɵ
վɽˮҲûж֣˿͸ʵ
Ҳ˶ʶǼһȥӰҲͷͻҲշһţһ֮ߵİжʱҲǸ˽
ϾҲʮ˼ˣʱ֪˾ȻǷɫʱ䡣
ȶĻɣǾԵĽߣԶܶԸģм˿첽뿪ȥȨˡ
Уܺš
Ϊƻָ˾жףܣ㣬һķˡŭһŲ̤ȥݺһȭ
ܵĶо֮ɫޱȵĶȴĿԡ
΢΢һΣͶܵĹϥ͵һ̧䲻ݷײС
ΪߣٶȣԶ֮ϣ϶Էӣ
ܱСȥֻ඼ײˣҵʹϯȫá
֪ˣ˭ķһֻŲܵͷϣ˵ĺͿο꣬˵ʱôҵġ
Χ˻֮Уûлعǲһʵ
һС
һУͽһǿ߸ˣı飬֮
ôܣ
û˸ţǰʵҲˣǺεʵǰȻ˵Ĳһ
ߡһ˿ĭɬ
ţĴԣġ
ǸϳҵķƾǳǿޱȵĽߣڣˡ
ж¶֮ɫֱ·˲ҽ͵ػع
ܡܵңܵҲ룬ͳȥվԭأû
ȥԸһߣ
ĺáɨ˳һۣĥģĳˡ
һ͵سȺȭߣһȺ˴Ĳҽ׷׻غ«
ңҲˡЦһ˵ĳ
Χûɫ΢䣬ȴ˭Ҳûгʵ̫ǿˣǹҲδǶ֣˵ֵˡ
Ψн߲ܶԸߣǹʶ
ļٵĵҵĽߵ
վһԣ۾΢΢
κǰ⣬Ҳ뿴ҵʵ
ϾеĴ棬ҲһָģȻԶԶЩǱҡӼ֮ȴҪǿһЩ
ҲǷһζϣȫҲϵһҵʵΪ׼ܺһиס
ôĿݺ޵У֮ʱһ洫˽
Ǵϡ
ȺɢһʮӴ˽Ŀһɨڷɨȿ֮ʱɫʱ䡣
СģϵġЦϣܺĸס
ܶһΣͳԣȥ쿴ơ
һĻɫһҲЩԷĶƺ
ҵʱϾǽˡ
ۣϣֻԷѪʢ֮Ҫʤһ
˼ǰڡ΢΢üû뵽ȻһƷĽߡ
֡
ϰ塣ԷĻӲΥ󲽵˷ԡ
㲻Ķ֡
ҡɶ񡣡ޣûлɷĻϾλ˵ʵҲ˽ģ޷ִܶԷȴʮֵĲġ
ҽ㼸Уܴ
ʲôһ㻳ԼĶ˴ı鲻ǿЦжʱӿϲ
лϰ塣м
˵ͷ˼Ҳһ֮ȻƷĽûѹԵƣҲǸƷûãĲ಻ֻ̫Ҫʽʤ㡣


228 ȥ
̸ģһЩʽ
ЩʽʹߵҪǼߣȻ̫ۣϾѹôҪⲫ߶ԣߵʽЧʵڲô
ԷڶԣԵ÷ָնɱ֣˵ûô׶ԸҲɿ̫ǿֶΡ
ǽߣ磬ҲŵˣǿʹһЩʽˡ
·šʳָͷ߻һ۾ʱʧȥ˽࣬ͬʱԺǷӳӰ㣬ʼһЩ
ǷյֶΣһЩԼеƬνȡƣԺ
ҪʹһУҪԷſȫĵŷҲҪԷвʵУԺƻܿͻöԷɰ׳ա
Ƭ̺󣬷ջָ½յķţʱȴǵһʹá
ԼȫȫΣҲôɹʩչˣһ÷⡣
յţţ츳ϣҲǼǿģӺ۾ͻظ˹ʣȻѾ˷ڵȻܽܵô죬ҲʹйأֱӰӰԺ
ϰ壬лһ
ûж˵ʲôϻ⣬ҪΪЧʮ𣬴ʱᶨڷôͼ͵ԺģûʣҲȥʡ
ûע⵽ߵ£˿Ҳ뵽ʱգϾδŵ顣
һߣҲûţ쿴ܵƣû֮Ǻˣܺ˵̧˳ȥӵվɫ˼㡣
ӵңҶʧ棬ŭɶ޲˺һеף
ôĵӣȻ̣㵽ʲôɡϵȴʮ㡣
˽ĸࡣ
Щͨˣڻǲƾǲĳ˽ߣΪҵڶǽߣȴĵϸ
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ƷĽ߶ûƷĽߣѹԵƣ˴ţԼܰΪӱ
ȻҾ̡˹ʹ϶ţ䡣
ⷬĻƤ΢飬ʮѿиŨɱ
һϰɡָָȻҲ֪ǽߡ
⻰һЦ͸ԼʵҲͰˣȻҪһжν֪
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ϣ˶¶ϲɫ
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˼ڡ۾΢С
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ȻҲ˵ͨĽ߾Ͳмһˣ޷ռƷĽǰĸλɡ
ƷĽߣǲ֪һҲˣǵˡ
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зҼڣϺҲû˹˼ɣŭһܿ
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ԶԶǰεӿϻɼ˿ȥڵȳһӡ˼סӰ
ⲻܡš
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~
˼սţӸտʼ·磬ƽɫȵϤ޺ӡӳӾˣռϷ磬ѹŴϴ
һĻҵȫɫ
û뵽ȻеĵڶϣǱ
Ҽϵϲɫʧɫѿ˼㡣
ЦĿһУ˿⡣
ҲǸոͻƵ˼ˣûȹ̣Ĳ౾Ͳ󣬼޺ӡľϾռϷ磬ȻȶʵôͲͬˣʤûôףϾƷûƷĲ໹ǲСġ
Уֳܿʤ
һƺɫѪһƬ͵һѪҲҡҡ׹
͵̤ǰֽ޺ӡҪӡڴϣһӡУԷܣҲҪ˲ɡ
СҼɫ䣬ԭ͵طԾǰ¶׺֮ɫһƺݺݴȻҪء
ʱһӡƲҼ˼ڵʵǿ࣬ۿžҪش
ȥ
ʱһӰǰһ̧Ҽϣһ̣ǿޱȵഥ
Ҽƺһֻúһ𣬿һѪͬ߷Ƶģ׷ɳȥݺˤ˵ϣ˺üͷǱͣɫҰףоǾ֮ɫ


229 

ҼһƴɳȥǱ˶ɫ䡣
ͻȻ֣ҼˣȻǷˡ
ĿƳҵһۣǰ˼ʹ֮Ĵ򶷣ûвֵȤ
ռϷģ˷ȫ֣ҲҼϮɱ¶Ҫɵǵķŭ֡
ûҼţ˿ͬʱ޺ӡ˴ϣ߿һѪҼĺ󳾣ֻǾҼһţɢЩûнϴ˵أɫ԰ֽӣ֪Ҳùȥ
ʯ䣬ߣܡ
һƬž
ҵ˼ʧŷĿ⣬ǿ־塣
ܴϣ˵ʹ죬ƺĳԹҲһйȥ˴룬ջƣлŲ˼֮ɫ
ԼţǴܴϵˣԼ
Ҫ֪ŵʱ򣬴ϾѾΪ߶ˣճ˵ûˣһֱȲǰôڣҲǽߣҲͨĽ߲Σܾ˼߶ֻʣһܴϣ췽ҹ̷
ڣԼȴˡ
Уܿ죬ͻعĿ֪ԼһУǷģûзԼһǴķ˵ܴ˼ǿˡ
㶻ҵˣֻһ˵Ľޡ
ף˭Ƿһŭ쳹ȫ
ȺһɧһЩĵͷȥһЩȴŭΪˣԼĽȻʱԼĽȴ˼̤ڵء
ȻǶԲȣʱҲǱӦϲжεġ
Ϊ𡣡
Ǹϳȥ

֪˭һģȺ鼤ܣĿŷ
ʲôʱ۵ϣɣҾͲֵúȥһҪԱ
ȷʵԷֳʵڳ˾һϣδǵĶ֣һ壬ȫһңɲʵ
ΪһߵȻҪұҲǼǿȫԸ֤ǸʹĴۡ
ʵǹˣǱУȴԶԶܺᲢۡ
졣
ȻȺ鼤ܣҪһѵʱҼȴǼٵĺ˼ϵǿѹȥȵ
Ǹ⡣
֣ܶǸˣʵ̫ˡҼҡҡͷɫҰס
һ֮Ҽ΢΢
̫Ǵĺˡ
Ҫ֪Լ˼ڵĽ߰ͬΪ˼ںͺڵʵ󣬵ûе˿ŵĵزϾе˼ڽ߲ûУҲǽ֣ȻǶ֣һǿԵġ
ǷһƣʹѪ׷ɳȥվվȣ֮ʵ˵ر
ʵԲ˼ڡ
ءؼߡ뵽ΣҼһ
˼͵ؼȫһεġ
ȷʵУԶҵĶ֣ʵǿ󣬻ԳΪһҲͲܺҿ⣬ǿΣѵð֮踣Ҵɱ¾
ô֤ἤŭһͶԷԣҲ֮֡
һУȫΪλĲԵȡ
ǣҼϵĻȫڷ˼ߵļϣڷֳʵȵؼߣȫͬˡ
ؼߣǺεϡ١
һؼߣ±ûκܶһһ
Һͷȫ濪սƴƣùģ϶ң̫ʧºҲ̫˸ҳͷ
ϾҲռ
ⳡͻɣ
֮ĳͻ
˭Ϊ޷ָ󱻸ϳңܾ裬ƻָͻƳΪߣҲӦģ˵һϲռ
ڷûôֻ֣ҼҪʱųһ֣Ҳ˵ùȥʱҼҲǼŭģûпǺû뵽ǣȻеؼߵʵ
ռʵֱȲ϶ԷԤȫ濪սռ˿ˡ
ҷǵؼߣһ˾ͶһһӲΪҳͷΪϾеЦ
ǣˡԺ˲תǧٸͷҼɻ󲻽Ŀҧ˵֡


230 
ԣҲǳһڶ
Ҽ׿ڳϷǸ̲סӯ
ҵ˶棬ûܿߵһɶ
û˵߹ȥļǰο
ˣ֮ĸһ䡣
ȻˣûһǹΪ˴ңݺݱģһԱ˵ͷԣϵ豨ɱѪɺӣҲΣЩҲˡ
ԣҪɱǣҲ˫ĳԹҲûǵز
лϰ壬Һöˡп˻ᣬߵԣ
ȥɡԺϾֹ˾ˡ
˵ͷ
й˳ȥܶˣȻ壬ӱһͷҲҵģʱǺһϣ׵û˹ϵԺȫϾֹ˾ˡ
һǰһ󣬺ܿͳ֮Է뿪˴˵ء

֮£㴫Ͼеᡣ
֪һϢ󲿷˵ĵһӦǲܣȵȷ֮𾪡
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ҿϾеȻ˴ȥԷˣֱ췽ҹ̷Ƶġ
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һǿޱȵĽ˵۽磬𾪲ѡ
ǱʵɨضΪĿˡ
ƾʲôΪʲôˣ
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ȻҼȴ˷κһ˳ȥ˵飬Ҳֻܿ²⡣
˵ӲģصĹϼҴݺѪ̣Ҳ˵ʵǿޱȣɨңҲұģȻҲ˲²⣬ߴʲôЭ飬Эȵȡ
ܣҲֻ֪ˡ
Ҽ׿ڳϣҲѲµеؼߵʵϾ⿴˵Ľ֣޷óȷ֤ݵģҼҲкüûˣ˵ӡУҲ˼ǰڣӽڵʵ֪ѾͻƵ˼ڡ
ҲǷһɨжϳԷʵûⱾµġ
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ϾеĵλǻҵλҲͣҲûҷ鷳뷨ƾϢϾУ˵Ŀ⣬ѰνӰž֮¡
Һˡ
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Ϣһҵļʱв϶ϵȥҷ鷳ͷǰǻ˹ݺѵһͨ
֮ǲǺͷйأǲȥˣҲ˳֤ų˷ɣڰͲ÷벻ͷϣôȥɷ
ҺͷҲûʲôͻҲҪĳԱͨҲˣҶҪͷ˵ûʲô֤ݣģҲᵱû
Ͼֹ˾
ܣкöҪ㡣ޱһЩҪű
ˡԥ
һ󣬸˷ӵҪύôᡣ
ôҲǽߵݣҶͷǿݵλѹҪȥһʿ
˶Ҵ򣬷ȻˣҲ׵ԽݣЩ£ޱȥ
ޱϾֹ˾ľܺʣһЩ޷ƽҲ
Ͼֹ˾ְ񣬾һǺ󣬰ŵ˰ȫһְ񣬵λޱҪߣȻûȨϾֹ˾ģޱ¡
ؽ㣬Ҹ˿Ҫȥط˸绰̧ͷޱ˵
֮к󣬷׼ˣȥ֮ǰҪȥطǾӼҡ
û֪ҲҵؾҸո绰ȥӼͣȻҪӡ
ڷĵӼҰڳ˼ߵĹӭӣ˫
ؼӼҳ󣬷΢΢һЦ¶ȻЦݡ
ףΪʲôҼˣԭԼǵؼߡ
󣬵ԼͻƵ½㣬ӵеؼߵʵӹɣڵúԶ
֮һƺ˼ڵҼ׽ˣ֮رΪһƣ˷һ
ԴˣȻȥʲô
ûȥˡջ񣬵


231
Լ֪Լ£Լ׵ƮƮȻäĿԴ
Ͼбס
˵˶ΪԼеؼߵʵҵͷͼ侪ˣ˵ЩȤ
ؼߣ˭С
ڣʵûﵽؼߵĳ̶ȣȻǿ󣬵ʵսȴвСƣǷں˵뷨޼ɵʹ÷飬ٻй˼ɵģϾⲻǽߵֶΣ¶ĻвС鷳
Ϊޣ񻹲һ꣬ʵԺóȻ¶Լݣδؾһ£ǰΪ֪ݣǽߣ˶ѡ
ңǷĿǰĵ֮һȻҲǰƿ
뵽Ѷ
صϾֹ˾ޱ˵ԼҪ뿪Ͼľ
Ȼ˼ƻûиˣޱҲǸո֪˷ľҲǴһ
ޱϾֹ˾ٷչĺʱ򣬷ڲʵ̫ˡ
û֮ǰķչϾҲûʲôʶȨǴСëֻǷЩ죬һ¶ûЧȴԶԶȫԸһ£Ͼֹ˾Ͼ룬ʶ˲ȨһЩĴϾеĵλͬСɡ
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һϵеı仯ޱ˽⵽еĹǣ
ˣЩûȹĹϵ˵ͻȴδЩϧ
ϰ壬ʲôûܸ棬ޱţûȰ衣
˼Ҳܲ³һЩûнͣޱ˽ߵ壬ĽǶȶЩȫ棬ǷȴԼô󣬱ϾҲûнϾƷĴ㣬ңϾֹ˾
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ϰ壬İɣڣκϾֹ˾˵ͷն˵
һЩţŸϾֹ˾ת˼ǧ󣬷׼뿪ˡ
ȥ֮ǰ˸绰Լ˳ǷϾйϵˣԷİţҲû˵ʲôֻԼŵټ
գϷɻһ˻С
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⻰ոճڣ˾ͺˡ
ʮˣȥں̸ܽˣȻûô⣬ȴҲһֲŭĸоȻͣӸλˣ˭֪ʲôͷء
ǰһ漴΢΢һЦô֪ġ
ǻ򵥣ж찡һش˾ʱ˾ǰСҲ׿ˣЦеᣬϸ²Ÿոչȥûôٰһģ϶ȥμᣬȻˣȥУ϶Ϊίˡ
˵ģѡǣеֵǮˣĸܰ˵һݣϴίһʲôʲôĩĹƷ֪ĳ˶ټǮ
򣬱еĹ屶ɰݸֻˣ˵࣬ŵģĳи߳һٱء
˾ϲһھԹԵ˵ȥгģ·ǲμӹеƵġ
˼죬̸ŨҲûֹ
УǵһΣԷȫ֪Լȴͷһ⣬÷ҲǸоЩʡ
˵ҲǿóжлѩȴǷǳ
ϸ£оٰһͨᣬȻûвμӣҲûУͨᣬǷָлѩġ
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صϸоԼϣܿ˻ȥϳԼ
⣬Ӧðȫıڡ
ڵˡ
ң÷׷ɵĵطĸ塣
ߵſڣԴ˻ȥһЩ
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صϣʱѾ˺üȻǴռȡģǵ
óԿףһŶһȥţԼϷֵöģȻлѩڡ
ѩҡҡͷ̸лѩȥ
ûżһ»ûģлѩܾȥûãͷҲûʲô£Ҳ᲻лѩ
Ůƺ˵ʲôҲû͵˼šš
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һֹţЦſŮȻû˵꣬˾Щɵۡ
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ⲻ÷סġ
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232 ƴ
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ģʣ϶Ĺ֪ͣ˶˼棬εΣܸо⡣
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ȻŵȫΧ緶Χ㲻ʲôҲеӰΧʡԵʣطˣδؾԸԶίʱ̫Ҳ֮һ
ͨ᱾Ͳô⣬Ͼһͨ룬ҲԶԶ羫ƷϵһƷ
лѩıУ˽⵽ƴãȲչš
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ţҲ˵ͷʱҰϴ㡣
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˵ĹϵȻϰʹ򹤵ģ֮ǰȴǺҪõѣ㵽ڣҲȻǺҪõѣûʲôϸ¼ϵлѩڷǰҲǱȽɵġ
˵УļѣҲֻлѩƽ͵̬ˣĪǣʱԼѾЩηˣȻԣȷʵǴš
˫֮λԽԽԶԵʣԼϵҲ֣ǺϧЩģ˳ϰļ


233 ʯרļƻ
ˣȥϾŪһʯ㰲һ£Կһרᡣ˴˴Ͼ֮еһջ
ʯлѩ漴Ȥ˵Щģ
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ȻĻʯָľɫʹӨ͸Ӳ;ϡٵĿﾧ壬Ҫʯˮʯ챦ʯĸ̵ȵȡ
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кü֣ʯ챦ʯʯС£ȡʱٶȺܿ죬ӡкüֱʯġ
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ʮ顣ҡҡͷαĵر涼൱߼ıʯȻࣺЩʯ⣬һЩƷҪһЩܶ࣬ʧġ
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234 ص֮
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۳ش룬編ƣǴ̽ȥ
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235 ɷ
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ôң᲻ΪҺḡƵ뷨СԴ֮Żعæ
лѩһۡ
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ʱ򿴵ӣǿ϶һ²⣬˿ͬʱлѩҲЩġ

һûһ죬򣬲ǳԷʱˣȻлѩȴͶˡ
Ȼߣ̫ԷȴûԼ񣬰ˤĵ󣬺ܿæһ˵ʹӳ洫˳
ȻЩ⣬ҲʮֿĵģϼʳҲǷḻܿһ
ôˣ˿϶ǳԲˣ˸绰ѣͷ֮Уܹ˶ˣǸϴ磬ȹ÷ºҲЩȻĶһ졣


236 ʯӡ
ʱĺܿ죬ϾûãξƷĵһνûʣˡ
ٺʡһķ羰ɽλãһҸǼĶȼپƵ֮꣬еһЩƵ꣬ȥ
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ӡʯɫƣ೤ӡۣȥһ㶼ۣȻ˷⣬˭Ҳ벻ȴǴ󲿷㾡ҲҲδܻȡĵر
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ʯӡǷϾ֮еһջڵͨһҵһĵر
ܵ˴ؾӰ죬ĵرҲЩӽ̺ŵһķΧ۳ʯЩʯո۳мĶܣֵĸ߶λùϵ󣬹ҲǲС
ǵģʯӡͷһҲƫڹĵر
ûҵ߱ҵֵĵرЩʧھϾͷһҵֵĵرģֻǰʱûгһֱûóڵȻûﵽԤڵĵزǱˣƷỹоŸµʱ䣬ȫдѵʱȥеӰ
񣬷ָһʯӡһֻ̣ǰ״һͷСʯͷƾճ֣Х׹ȥ
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һӣκȻʯͷ֣żĶܼ׹ȻڿҪصʱɢ
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Ŀϰ٣ֻƹСʯͷֻһ飬ͷȴ׸ߣռ׷ռľ޴ɽʯӸճ־;ǧ֮ƺܽһжõʯͷһֻ϶δʯ
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237 
УҫƵ꣬1103
ͳ׷ڣһߴӿڴͷ۾΢΢ţҲ֪Ѱ˼ʲô
ڣһȽӣһ˿۾ڿɳϣǰİϰһ̨ոµıʼǱԡ
ʱ̨ʼǱϺȻһҳ棬ž޴ͼƬһеʶˣ׾ϳеվ
磬쵽ˡˢһҳ棬תͷԿӵ
šĵ˵ͷӴվŽߵ˿ӸµĿŵҳ档
˵磬Ȼ˶зļһȤΪʲôǲֱȥָϵˢҳ棬Щʵ
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ΪµĲҵҲǽ˵۽硣
ԭǲôģϾˮѪ֮ȥٹƵãͷһЧþʹش黹ٵĵȥ
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Ҫ֪ξƷϡƷ࣬ȥģȫԺߵЧãһԣ˵˶á
ֶ飬˱Ͳ̫⣬Ҳû̫źĵطҲûȥһС
ռҲռĲˣҪȥ˵ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰ⿴зĽһƷ

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ϴлѩϸ˻󣬶ʱȵĵɴ۾
٣ļٵģлѩ𾪵
˵ʶ˲ϡƷ˱ˣͷϣе˼顣
裬ĵر
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裬ȴЩӲñȥ˶ꡣ
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ʵսвСƣҪһǣѴжԷ
Ҫ֪߿ӵ׶ȥģǿܱӵ١
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ʯӡͷ鶼ŲСƣȻⲢ˵ǾͲˡ
ҪǷʵޣĵرھ򻹲
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ңܸҪ÷ݵأȥ٣һ㣬ûκι޼֮
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ϣһҫƵķѾǣϵĶȻҲûˣŷҵЩѻ֡
ȷûκмֵĶ󣬷Щ˶һһѻյĸɸɾ
ȥ֮ǰһ󷨡
Ǳ֮½ķΧҪܶ࣬󷨵ЧҲǿֻһԻõãҽάּ죬Ҳʤˣϴ˵رͺֵܽʱһΡ
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Щѻ֣һҹûϵϵĻǸ϶ɣҲ֪֪֪ĿģԷԣվǸǱڵвҪ
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΢ɹָһһжʱڰУ׼ȷҵ˳ˣ֮˴ǹնΡ


244 Ӱ
ںڰеȻˣ⴦ľϵͳҲˣŸջָʹڳ˲ˣһָǹеĿŷ
һĻ֪Щѻʮа˾ţǴġ
ܼ򵥣ⶼʮһˣһ֯ôͳ˶ˣǵģѹû˯ڵʲôϢƵġ
˿ǶȻٺʡӰ󣬿Ҳھ䵽ֵز
˵Ҫ£ĸҲ֪ߡ
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һΣӰԭʧȺУһͺȡشȺб޼᲻ݵƬӵҪǿ
Сʱ󣬷һһʮ׷ԲľʯڵĹٶȻޱȣκ·Ľģ᳤ˡ
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ΪʵһʵҲǲ׻ɵԼͷϣʯеһȻԶԶġ
һ粽ͣĵмصǼ֮һʵҪЩ߶ûеΪƽأȻ׾٣ǲ©֮㡣
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׳ӾɲĴŷԷһͷû¶ݣȥصģЩϤĸоȻеƵĻǣ˵ôġ
Ҫ֪⴦ׯ԰ľ൱ܵģǽߴҲ벻Щڣ֮ǰѾȷϹĸڶúõģȴûһ˷˽
һۣȻһߣûƷ˼ǰڶĶֶ֣
ҽУӰĬƬ̣ͳĿڡ
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ѹԼöԷĴе죬ⲻǴ˵λӰĴ
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⾫׳ǽߣ˵ĵλҲ֪ͣӰĴš
Ȼ㡣׳¶ŨṴ̃˳ڴ˵صϢȥôʣԼĹһ֪üӰȤġ
֪Ӱкιɣ׳һĸ´˸ɫЦݣڵʵõõҵĵط뾡ܷԸ
ǹڸʲôǹ͡׳ǶΧºȳ
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ҪġҲڴʱͻ̧ͷչһЦ׳׹ߵɭߵͳ


245 ½Ĳ
á
׳ɫ䣬ʶĸоΣգȻûӦԣһĸо˲䵽ǰͣûͣն
Բž֮ɫ׳ӻȥ
Ҳɾ裬ĳȻ˵㣬֮һֱʵʵʮֵ͵ûбֳκεĹԣһӰ죬ǾΪҩԵʣʵǸգ׳ԸΪߣ򲻹ԷôҲ֧żغϣ¶Է֡
֪ȴһ
׳һΧϷӦЩǹҲæ̧ҪΪ׳ӱ𣬵ȴѾˣԭʧȺ
æһϣʱѾʮƣʮǿҪȻα˵ôϻ
һߣҲǳ˷Ԥϡ
һ˼ǵĽߣһжͱնɱˣĹޣҲҪԷ˭棬δܴУǾ׳ӣĴء
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⴦ׯ԰вˣн򣬷Ҫ֮һ򾡲̫ܣƣˡ
ãֻЩ˴ȥʵӰ˶ֵʵ˵ɱǾ׳ӵֶΣʮֵΣĿ߻϶ɱˣҲй©ȥ
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绰ҲΪӰҩΪӰȤ
һʱڣ徲Щˡҵ绰૵
һڰĴƣ˿϶ڲԼߣûϵʱڣӦҲᱻѹȥ
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΢ͻȻ־ԼͻϾҪˡ
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ʼ½ĴСʼǣ󣬷Ҳǿʼͻơ
ߵʱڹȥȵһƽȻͻƵ½Ĳ㡣


246 ʵ
½Ĳ㡣
ͻƵĹȻߣͻƳɹ󣬷ȴǾƺòľ
ʮ¥װ޼ҾҲ뱸ģŽ±ˮʪĵ̺ʼ磬һһɷʱ˳ˮ֣ϴԡϴ˷ˬ˳
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ռ䣬תۼ䣬ʼ½ڷǰ
ͻǰȣʱʼ½˲Сı䶯ˣԭʼСʮ͸ոմؾǻȣһҡ
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ңͻ۳Ĵɽ֮Ҳûкľ
ۿȥԿʼ½ģȻһ۵˼ĳɫ棬Щ۳Ĵɽ֮
ŻϣɫľǷϾĴؾѾˣʱؾУҲһС롣
ߣԴԴϵṩʼ½ʹʼ½ٶȣ֮ǰҲҪ
ͻƵ½Ĳ㣬ʼ½ոӾȻܹʼ½ڲؾʹɽ֮ͻƺ󣬲ŵԿģҲ÷˽⵽ʼ½ı仯
ջĿ⣬ţʼ½Ϸ
ⷬ仯ڴ½ͬʱɽòҲ˲Сı仯
һۿģʼ½ɽ塣
ʼ½ɽҲ֮øͦΣ߶ҲǱļߣʱѾʼ½ϵ֮ĵһ߷壬൱ۡ
ңɽҲʮֵ࣬ͨɽǰϼ´֣Խ߾ԽͼϸȴʼձͬĴСϸһ޴Բţϸ˵Ӧòɽ壬Ҫ˵ӸΪ
ͨ
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ʼ½ǵ޵ĸڣһзŵĺġ
ÿ޵ʼ½ͬһŶۡ
޵ʼ½һλɽ壬ͨ壬ÿһͻƣͨ嶼гĽͳɳȵ½ʮ㣬ͻ᳹׳ͣ޾ͨͨǰ߲硣
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ΪޱȼʵĻģ֪ܱͨƳΪϵȵһ֣Ȼô򵥡
ͨľϲ⣬ʼ½طı仯Ҳ÷⣬ûʲô©ӣԣչ൱
ԷԣѾǼ䲻ˡ
ϾڵҲäԼǰܼλɲǵޣȻ㵽˵޵ţ⣬һЩΣյȵȣǺ꾡ҲǵޣƽȣȻѼӿٶȣҲû̫ΣգҲǷѡ޷ŵԭ֮һ
ţûϤĽ̻壬˵ͻ߻ħ³
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ĿһɽģĵΣⲻֵģɽŲͬѰĵط
һĻɽԶȥˣϸȥȴԷ֣мǷָģһѵŻɽ˼£ȥ壬ʵÿֶһļڷųӣƺһƣ
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Ȼ͸ȵȵȰɡ֪ʼ½ޱȣڲݻܵܶӰ죬޷Ʋˣܶණڸտʼʱ򿴲ʼ½ĳɳͻƼΣͻˮʯ
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վָһ漴ȴһĿ¿ȥܿ췢˵ڵ̺һǵķʯӡ
ͻƵʱĵر˳ǰˡ
ȻһЦ˻֣Ƽɽ֮ӿţܿ۳һش
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Ŀ˴شϣʵˣش뿴ȥҲǸ˼֡
΢شʱ˳ȥܿ;ȡ˵ϵķʯӡ͵˷һֻŵС
ĵرǱģֻһʱ䣬ͽջڡ
֪ڵķкʯΣʵʯӡҲ֮ǿҲʮڴﵽ˺̶ֳȡ
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ȻҪ˼ڵĽһɱѶȵģҲǼǿ˷ʵ
ƾУ˼ڵĽߣԷ˵ûκвˡ


247 
õȼֵĻڵķǰǶ׷С
ȻǷԼĵȽףϾԷĵرģǷʵı׼֡
ÿͻһ㣬ܵøǿеĵȽҲһĵرҲǿеĵȽҲ޵ģڷ׷ӦǼˡ
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ҲǷݵĽڵԷƿɸһ̨ס
ֻ̯ϷһСΪΣһѰСķ絶תţХ֮
ͷ΢ֺˮĸеάƬ̺æ֮ɢˡ
𿴲󣬲ӳȥĻƻ侪ˣǴݻһ޴ĽҲǲڻ¡
ȻҲвСȱݣڸǺЧģԽߵٶȣѽ֮ȥȲϷʵá
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֮Ҫϼ֣ʵãȴԶ磬ҲĳЩϣ޷˲ɱʱ㹻á
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Ƿ񶨵ġ
Ҳֻ귵
Ҳ޵ģôʱ䣬ˮͳΪһˣȻȴˡ
ˮصĵرͬõĽҾо޴
ˡŵȶȻеɸǿ
ңͨĵرǰϲֻмǿĵرܿڲͬ
ĵĵرֻ߸ߡ΢΢
ͷҲĵرˡ
ĵرĵĵرֻһȽףʵϣȴһ󾳽Ĳ࣬ĵرȼΪһ󾳽磬ͬ˼ں͵ؼ֮Ĳࡣ
ޱȡŶԵ˽Խ࣬оԽľ档
ĵĵرҲǼ亱ģˣҲֻڸ߲磬麣ȴܿĵȺĵϵĵر
ϵĶȻֹһÿһһĵȵĵر
ˣϾĵصͨУõ˲Ĵؾ
ʼ½еı仯
ҡҡͷûмȥڵԣЩȻûжôȤЩеĵرɱȱ֮½δȥȡЩһȺͶĵرˡ
˵ڶ֮ϣһЩǿһЩĹϼ֮еޱ档п
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ܿģȻԶЩߣŵҲǼĸȤ
ԼУʲôóĶأ
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һЩԭڵ˵Ҳҹƽ̨ڰ
⼸棬һ˵ע⣬üżϣƺϰڷʩģ˵ڳĽߣĸݵλͣǵ󲿷ֶȻӣȴ¶˳ɼǿơ
Ҳ֪ô£ӵüһ˿ǳȻʲôš
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ţӽһӽ˹˼䣬۷ڵλá
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ǷһͻȻ˷˼·
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˶ԷһۣջĿ⣬ĵطȥžͿӣҲϷ˶ԷĲ
۾΢Уۣɨһۣ漴ͫ΢
˵Ѫ֮ǿңԶκһˣ֮Ҫǿ
ؼߣԺôһͷȻȷϡ
ǸӣƺҲǲ˷ߣ̧ͷƳһۡ
˫Ŀڿײ˼Σܿ죬ͬʱջߡ
˵Ӣ׾ûзַ֮Ķݽ棬㣬˵û
ϰ˾Ӹ£׾ӵĿ൱ĲãĿ
ŭɫһӢԱţ˵ˣʱһͣûпһߵҲͶĿ⣬Ȼû뵽˵˻ϷɵĶ࿴˷ۡ
ˡȻ
û뵽Ҳ˹ˡ
ûƤ̧һ£
˵˵ȥģ˵ûǡӢŭȵ
Ŀ΢
ӢŭΪ˵ˣʲôʱôâһҲľһȭ˹ȥ
ĻȭͷӢȭͷϡ
һ죬˿Ӣȴȭͷʹޱȣ϶߳˶顣
~Ӣŭӡ
뿴ŵϣҪ֡ӼˣеĿӡ
ӵͿһֹҪƴӢ۷λá
ӢΥݺݵ۷󣬵˸λ
˵Ⱥˣھλʱ޲ŭĿӣֳϣӢӣҲ޹⣬ûʲô顣
΢ɹû˿仯
Ӣ˼ڵʵˣҲ̫֪ߵغˣȻֳϣҲ˿ʵٴӢ赭дһǿʵʵģɸء
򾰿ŷĿ⣬Ҳǿҵ𺧡
Ǳߵˣûô˵˵ʱһ𾪵ǣȻ˿˵ӡ
ⷽǺηʥ
ҹƽ̨һǣǰһƬǽ壬ڷӢʱ඼ĲȻعʱŷֲ֪ͣ豭ˡ
г𣿡Сʵ
˭ֻ֪ǽѵСһ£˵ĵ΢Ц
֣ӢȻᣬ˵ˣԼĻ˵ҪҲֻзŻặȻ֣˿ںˡ
ҹƽ̨棬˽⣬ҲΪͨ˵ߣһһ裬š
ӣ˵Ӧ޷ȷҹͲ̬ˣҲǷٺʡԵʡ
ǸȻλпܣжʾġ
Ȼģҹƽ̨˶ڵ˺˵ġ
Ǳߵˣȴǿŭ
쵰ŵĵ̣ҴĹͷɡӢ
̫ˡ
ҿĵװģơҲ˲м
ˣһʲôͷ
˶ʶ
ˣ졣һھû˸˵ˡ
˼ڵʵӢ㲻Ƕ֡Ӣ
Ӣɫ䡣
ΪԼ̫ԵʣŻױܣﻹʮֵĲ۹εȶӢٲҲ˵
ҲǷ׷ɫ䡣
ߣ˼Σһֻ־ܴ˻ᣬһ˲
ϻⷽôȡ

΢΢һЦЩԵãȻʮģ˻ᣬüͷ΢΢
棬һڸʲôôûϢԼΡ
ѵ˵ˣ
Ժͷܿͱѹȥţ˭ɱ˵ˣҲߡ
ҹƽ̨ԽԽ࣬ģˡ
߶˳ȥǳȥӭӿ˵ĺ˽һ죬Žرա


260 
һأҹƽ̨ĵƹ˼֡
˵û˿ңˣǸűûûгԹģгԹ뻢ڡ
˵ûжԸǵĶˣССҹƽ̨Ҳסǡ
ҹƽ̨ˣĽ£Ĵ󲿷ˣҲһһס
һһµȻ˵ˣǶҡ
⣬Ͼ
Ҳĸֱ󶥼ˣԼһһˣһ塣
˵ûǸ弴еؼߣҲͽһˡ
ҹƽ̨ԲεĽṹΰڷţҲǰһĲãмԲĵһƬط˳
Ź֮ĵĵͻȻȥ˲ƽ̨ϣҹƽ̨ڡ
ǾűˡСѵ
˵ͷ
ˣվмĻߣŵĵؼߣߵŮӣԼʮ꣬ʢǣλոͻΪؼߵˣұߵˣȴŵܲãҲϵĵһˣȻ棬ĵλ͡
ӭλμ˾˪Ůʿ䡣ŵܲվ˵
Ǻǣûϲ˾ŮʿɹͻƵؼأΪһǿߡһؼЦ
ǰϲϲ
ϲɺء
ҹƽ̨ڣ׶ڳʲô˼϶ûչ¶ȫϲ֮ɫ
һĻ˾˪ϣҲ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ϊ˱ʾǸм֮飬˾˪Ůʿ£صΪλ׼һƷƷܲ˵
˵꣬֡
ſڵᣬ˴ţֻŴŻεŮӶһСС̣һð룬紩˽ҹƽ̨еŵǰ
ÿһ룬һ١
ǰ룬ʢŵɫ֭ҺƯһЩ꣬ɢ˵
⣬ѵԴһ
ʲôԴȵ
һֺҺ˵ԽߵĺкôʹѪŨܼ֮ӺͻƳΪߵļʡ͵Խߵĺôͨ˳˾ֻǿˣǽߵĻЧͺܵˣǿɿڵƷ
ⶫɫ΢û´ĻԴӦǺйصġ
Դƺȴ˵ϡһЩϡ͹ˡϸ˻ǰԴ¶ϧ֮ɫ
ӽߺͻƣǶԣǺεҪ
ԴܺõõĻҲᱻΪˡ
ȻǶҵۺޱȣȻӼ֮ȵģˣƣЩԴȫҲֻݣ˵á
ֱʣҲǲСˡ
ʱŵܲҲ˵ˣ˾ܷã˵˶Խߺò
ˣв᲻÷ãЧٲҲǴڵģڳΪߵĵ·ϣҪٳɶࡣ
һߣͨԣʹʵ
򾰶СĵĽԴ
һ㶼⣬ûнߺڣҲǽߣԴ˵ûκЧġ
𣬷ţ֭ζǼѣˬ˱ǣȷʵѵõƷҲǸǧ
һԴζһ߿ҵƻҲǲܡ
ŷľٶ˶ǿڵЩĽ
ԴζŨҲǿסֻٲ˲Żȵ
󶥼ˣȻںϡ͹Դһ˵ЩԥҪԴ𣬲һۣ͹ԹԵĽ֮ȥ֡
öˣ̰ͼԴЧãҪ˸Ц
Դ߽֮ЩŮ˽ŵߣܿ죬ҹƽְ̨
ֵͺˣҲղ¡
˾Ůʿ䣬μҵΣשӭһݺ񡣡һֺվЦ
ԵĺӣʱҲ˹һȥӹ˴ֺ󺺵ĺ
μΣͰһԡ֣߳ȻзƷ񻷵ߣĻٶֵǧ򣬸ҪĻһԡ
ֺڴĿ˾˪֮ѡ԰񻷣Ϊ˾˪ΪŮԣܻϲƷԵʡ
Ȼʧǣ˾˪ƳһۣջĿ⣬Ȼ񻷲Ȥ
һЩͬ׼֮ˣжʱһţʱҲûǻʱˡ
˴ֺ󺺿ͷ˿ʼҪȡᡣ
Ҫ֪ѡϵĻǰڵأԽߵþͲ˵ˣ˭ȡᡣ
һ챦׷׳ֱ֣һҡ
󲿷ƷûУǮˣ˾˪ɫ΢˵һ䣬ס
ҲǣʽεۺΪűǿ֮һ˾˪ôȱǮһЩСǮ⣬Ҳȷʵòö
䣬Ϊ˾˪׼ģѡҪҲǿ˾˪м䣬λ֮˾˪ƺҪ߳һЩĻʼնû˵Ȼ
̩¡֣ңҹһԡӵĺɫ΢䣬漴˳
˵еҹ~
Ȼ䱦
΢΢ɫ䣬˾˪ɫһ˹
һɫƵӣʱһԵãҹϴģȻһ˥ĲˣȻǽߣ˼ǣҹڼҲûãп˴ѣȻҪǰŵڵأһ
ҹ顣ɫ΢ĵرˡ
ӾԶûпĴ˵©ĵر
һĵرһǹʵģȤ
һԡ˾˪һӵ˵ͷ
Ӧһرҹƽ̨ĵƹֻеҹʱâ貣൱Ļ
ȵƹ»ָ˾˪΢΢ͷҲӵѡˡ
ϲԽϲ
һѡ֮˳ֺ󣬽Ȼ˼顣
ιõѪʯҲں棬챦ѪʯͨõģҲԴԽߺõģȻҲжԽõ챦÷۽磬ƽĶۣЩ챦ǲϡƷģȻҲмٲǿģϡƷеǵľ޴ҵֵЧȻǲʲôģҶۣܲǺ֤£ϲϲϲǲϲ
ЩˣҲǱĿĶ˵δܳɹԼƸɵأǵ뷨ܺãϧǣ϶벻˾˪ķۡ
򾰶ͳԼĺֻǿϧǣûбѡС


261 Ŀ
ҹƽ̨ڣ֮˶ͳ˺ȻͨģҲͽˡ
ͳҹ⣬һһĽߣͳĺұ˾˪С
󶥼ˣûж
ǵĵλȻüͳȥʲôͷǴݵ飬֪г񣬲벻˾˪ķۡ
һ㣬ڳҲʮ˲ȿֺͳҪöͳǵۺңóĶȻޱȣѹȫҲڻ£ҲˣϾ˼ҶĵӰ˿ɱȵģһǵｫ˾˪۽ˣһЩ۵ҲˢǾ͵òʧˡ
󶥼ˣҲû˼ڵ
ܿ죬󲿷˵ĺ˳ȥ
ʱǸеؼߵļУվ
˵Ŀ⣬ʱۼϡ
֪һʲô
еؼߣͳĶ϶ͬ졣
ǲһû̺Ͷȫһϵġ

һЩ۷׷ףڴ
ңǸӵеؼߵĴ塣
ǿĵؼߣҲһˣͶ޷ȣȻڻĵһ棬ȴ˵һϾ֮ȫ޷ȡ
˵ۣ΢΢ףؼߣǿҲˣҲĵĵرö𵽵ãԶһؼ߿ɱġ
ʱ֮Ҳչֳ׼ĺ
һŻɫҺΣװⲣƵԹ棬Щ룬ƺܿҺе֮⡣
ǡ˶ûϳʲô
Ǽؼߣɫ΢΢һ䡣
֮˽ѯĿͶԼҵĵؼߣߵ˵ͷʱԹܾţСĽԹܵӰοЩȻ󻮿ָνȥһѪҺ˳Թܺܿ컬˵ײ
ഥֻĿ£ԹĻɫҺζȻ˻棬棬յԹ
֮ٴνԹܷܿϣĻҲǺܿƽϢ
뿴֮˽ԹܵݸԱߵһӣֽ˹ȥţɫ΢䣬¶֮ɫ
ģôᣬлģôһ¶ȶûСӴΪ棬૵
ǰĻ治С͸˲յ棬ȻȥȴǴֱǻǻþƵģҲû֮
ⲻ֣ǲʵ棬ѪҺڰˡŵУǸдδ˵Ļ΢΢һЦ
С˪ⶫá߽ǶһԵ˾˪˵ͺ͵λС˪Ҳе
˾˪ȻʱҲϳⶫ
ѪۻһݡҲ֮˿е֪ⶫ֣оɫһ漴˳
һҹƽ̨ڶʱһɧɫҺε񣬳̰ͿﲻţͳҵĻ¾ͻ֣
Ѫۻ𡣡һ
ţ˫ü΢ʲô
ȷʵǲ֪ʲôѪۻҲĵر
ǽߣķңҲûнߣ˶ڽ߿˵֪٣һΣҲǷ״ôĽߣˣнߣҲǽߵĺҺ֮Ҳڽߵ˽⣬ȻԶġ
ѪۻЧԴ࣬ЧɱԴҪǿȼʹڵѪӳΪߵļʣ˵һѪۻ𣬾мİһߺΪˡ͵Ľ֮ɫˣڽҲЧģͻƵļʣͻƳɹ֮󣬸ȹ̸Ч˵һһıﰡǺ
˾˪ոͻƣҪȹ̸Ѫۻá˵ͷ׹
۲쿴˾˪Ѫؼ߱˼궯鸡ͬ޸֮Ƽ
ûѪۻΪʲôһͣɻſǶҶҪǿġ
ӦãûаɡЩȷ˵УЧܲһ
Ѫۻ𣬶˵Ǵ˵еĶˣ˵벻ʲộġ˶٣ǿЦ
ĪǺйأлɡ
ͬƳʯ飬ʯĸģʯĸǶĵرʯȴĵرǡ
ĻѽԴѪʯѪۻôġ
̫߱ˣߣΪġ
Щ
һȡȼĵرбӡɷĿܣȻĵĵرʼȻȻľͻɢԼͲٿܱӵ
ôͺ񣿡ֵͻȻʲôɫʱ΢䣺ãĿĶ֪ô׼񡣡
ֳϣҲˣȴǶŵƣֻ˵пǵؼߣȴʵǿޱҪ
ϻһȥɡʮ𣬹Լûѷε֪ĿĶ֪Ҳڽú󣬲ŷһ㣬ʱҲûϸ룬ΪԷʵõóֵĶȻȱ֪ȴһֱûͳ
˵ţóԼĶ
ˡЩжĳȷʵǳģαģҲǹ˼άˡ
ǵؼߡ
ΪǿĵؼߣòõĽ˰ɣ˾㲻֪еĿģʲôϵ
ֹĶЦİɣ׼ġ
ȷʵǲòʵϣǣ׸ʲô
ѡĶʵ̫ˡ
󲿷ĵرó֤ȫ
յǣóһʹԼôĿ
ĵȻĺܡ
ɲ̫˵ԼңϾڵʵ϶Щ
ң󲿷ĵرԼҲҪõģҲóˡ
ҹƽ̨ڡ
ҵĺ񣬺ʵͨ
ǰ˲ͬǵĺȻУҲֻһǰŵڵأҵĺΪأȴǵõ
֮󣬳˷󶥼⣬ʣ˶ȿֺԼĺ
ҲǼȣҵĳ֣һѹˣâĿҪǻŴţע˻Ϊ󶥼ģûĸԸҶġ
ˣ׼ĹȻ֣ˣͳĺҲǽұ˾˪УǴϲ
ţϾҲǿʼ֡
͵ĺҲ࣬ҲǶ˾˪ȶõģͬǷֱ
ڳûģֻʣ·ˡ
ڵλãӢͶƵ漴λվ


262 ϲɫ
˵Ŀ⣬ʱӢϣ˾˪ۺڴ
˵ʵ͵ĺв֮Ѫۻ֮ȹ̸Ҫҹľϡ֮
Ȼ˾˪ȴʮ⣬˵Щʧ
Ѫۻ֮ȻҪڳ˵֮õĹ屦˭ŵĶûѪۻ𣬵ҪȡҲ¡
ҺϾ󶥼ȻأҲǽˣֵ
ҹȷʵʮϡ棬ҲǹͰõģֻ˵˾˪ЩССľϲ
⼸۵ĺҲǲ࣬ССϲ
˾˪źġ
ͻΪؼߵ䣬شȻϣкõջ
ӢеЩë˾˪Ȼɱ䣬ĿȴЩԥ£Ӣó˵ĺ
Ѫۻ
һѪۻ
˵ĿʱЩŹ֣Һתתȥ
ӢҲʮΣ˭Ҳ벻ҾȻҲ׼Ѫۻ𣬶˳˵Ĵ൱Ρ
ǳѪۻ⣬û׼õĶ൱ĶûУΪҲϵģͨͳȥ֮£ӢҲֻӲͷƤˡ
˵Ŀ⣬˵˶޲õзȥｫİҲֻ治ɫ
˾˪һʧЩŭһܿѹȥ
ɡ˾˪һӵЩʼնĮû˿
ǲоϲˡ
˾˪Į»ָ˱ɽƵı飬ٱκϣ
һûͺ񡣡ѪۻݸӺӢͻȻеĿ
ڳһ˶ʱŷȥȻҲһЩҲ֪ϾҲǿԺӵĴڣȻǶǵѡӣҲֻӢŵ˵˳
λĿҲڷϣ΢ɻ󣬵ֻܲȻ
˾˪ͻ߶ǵؼߣԷעҲͬ棬Ҳֻע⵽ǰȥ̽
ŵܲãȴǺܿϳ˷ݺ˾˪ȻԶԶȣһ֣Ҳռ˵֮㣬ҲǳΨһһͨˡ
ܲý˾˪ͻߡ
еϰ壬ߺߣôи챦ܲóϲ̨ĶɣӢ
⻰Ƚ
һʼ˵и챦һͳͨĶɾͶˡ
ڳˣҲ˶ʶģѯˣǺηʥʲôͷ
⣬߼ȿͣȻˡ΢΢һЦΪΧ
÷ǵؼߣ۾΢Ȼܲ˵е֣ȴ΢΢ҡͷȻǲôš
һЦмƳӢ˭˵һϲ̨Ķ
֮ԲͣҾ뿴˻ʲôˡ
ҷ֣ܱ˲
ҵ˴죬ſǳ棬ϧϧ˵ȻһЦûм˵ȥȻڳɶָ֪ʲô
Ӣɫʱѿ˼㣬ҲĻΪ˵ʵ
ɫҲѿЩ
ⷬ˵ǽԼ˺˵жԵԣȻƫƫסʲôԵʡ
Ͼ˶뵽ˣȻ˽а壬Ϊǰ
ǺˣǿϾҶͷˣڳľ˵ҪĴڡ
˵Ķʲô˼ǿߣǿ߾ԼϣݵӢ
ˣʱľٶȻȥЩƫǿƣȴҲ˵Ǻ
ҲΪǷʢ뵽ԣǷԵʡ
ҿʲôӢȥЩ޹ĸоԷҲǸʹޡ
˾˪ɫԻ
˵ΪȷʵΪŭʱľٶͷŭЩĿҲ˵㣬ţֻҪ͵ĺ̫ͨ
˵Ŀۼڷϣһˡ
˿ûлҵ飬뻳һƿȡ˳
ǣ¶ɫƿ͸ģ
ˮеƷ΢΢һЦҿյס
⻰һ졣
֪ˮǺģжٶǽŽɣⳡȴǲ˵ҵ﷽Ȼࡣ
ٹҲóˣЦˡûʧӢһЦ༸ҲǷ׷׳Ц
֪һЦûǡ
ѡóˮҲпǵġ
Ĵ󲿷ĵر᲻óġ
ѾǰϡƷ˵ˣԽߵЧһ㣬˾˪Ϊؼ߸ǲ˵ˣѪҲͬĵΨзˮΪֻĸı䣬ԽߺͨЧһ
ˣ˾˪Ůԡ
ʵǿȻഺȴҲӻ˥ϣ˾˪ȥʮ꣬ʵϿ¶ʮˣҿѡҲжϳòˡ
˵ˮ֤ʵȷʵЧһЩ鷳죬Ҳǳˡ
ʵǿҲսҷˮ֮ҲöһУǵģҲ⡣
ˮӽ˹ȥ͵˾˪ǰ
˾˪ԥ£Ҫ˵ҲǲŷˮôЧ
ΪŮԣҲ޷ףòģⲻЩᡣ
˾ŮʿʹáЦ
еǿҲǸȾ˾˪ԥοƿӣһЩˮͿֱϡ
漴˾˪ϸڵı仯
ߵǿޱȣⷵˮǶҩҲӰ죬ο˾˪õĲ࣬ҲûкڣҷˮϢǲαġ
ˮҲЧȻЧҪһЩ
˾˪ϸԼֱۡ
ʮ
˾˪𾪵ķ֣ԼֱƺһЩˮЩ
գգ۾˾˪ȷϣԼûпֱıױˮˣ·ָһЩഺ
Ȼ仯Сǿ
ģⷵˮġ˾˪ü֣ȷϷˮģ޺ȲĽʣķˮһ
ò˶ã˾˪ͷ췭ظı仯ͬŮһ㣬ѩˮۣͬصഺʱ
ž棬Լϵľ˱仯˾˪ųһֱŵҲⶳһϲɫ


263 ǰ
⣬˾˪
ǷˮȻġ
˾˪ϵı仯кȻҲһ˶תͷȥ
ˮı֣ڳ˶Է࿴´Ӵ˿𣬾ҪԷ¹ˡ
Ȼܾȴû̫̰
ⲻǶԷ˵Ĺ˼ɣҲΪˮǵ
ڳĽߣ󲿷ֶԣǶԣָܻഺķˮȻǿпޣֲŮǰò
С˪һѳòı˾˪
˾˪΢ϺһΪôѾܾûʧ̬ˣҲǷˮľϲʵ̫󣬿ϲ֮²Żˡ
ع˾˪»ָ˱䣬ֻǿĿжм
л͵ĺҷǳ⡣˾˪ԥĺͨҲһлõĻǷǳۡ
ʵģҲǻһǰڵص
˲Ͽǿڵλá
Ӣˣɫѿ˼㣬ʣͳĺԶǵĺ˾˪ϲ
뵽ǰǴӢֻеɨأ˵Ŀ̧ͷѿ˼㣬ȻĵȻҲǽ޵˹ˡ
ѣûǰԣڳ˻Ҳܲ³˵ĳǽˡ
ΪĴصĶע棬ڷԱɨأӾԲС
ʹûпκˣҲʱΡ
Ϊؼߣڳǿ֮һҲû˲۵ȥò
֮ⳡϷҲʽ
ڷѡкܶ˲ĽʼɺޣϾҪ˵ˮļֵǲѪۻġ
κΣ˾˪ŮԣŮԶò⣬ǽҲ޷ס
ǲǣôʵӦóܺƥĺ񣬲ķڷ
Щ˵뷨ǲмһˡ
ֻҪѡͺˣĹõʲô취ǷͶȡɣϾѡ˾˪ֲЩˡ
ң˶ܿóصѪۻ˾˪ģǷ͵ķˮ
ȻԶѪۻصĶǼȻССķˮЧֺαر¶̫࣬һء
˵ˣҲΪԼҪЩķڷ뷨ֺʲôϵ
ڳθ룬ʵʵ
ʮ˻ǰڵصʸ
ֻһ˵ˮ˾˪⣬ҲܸģϾѪۻĹذҲҪඥĸܡ
˾˪ǸĸԸʮʹ졣
ĸ߳ϷٽҲûʲôˣһķ羰ò˶ãнվȥҲûж
˵һеڶ
Щߣǳⳡģŵ죬ȴû˿ȤںûѡУҲǲȥ
ܿ죬󲿷ֽ߶뿪˴˵ء
ףˡ뿪ǰף
ͬһ򾰣Ҳ룬пյʱ򣬲ȥĮԶʡ
ĮԶʡңҲһϾ޼
ԭԷô⣬Ȼ£ȴ۾˵˰˲ԸǱߵˣϷ˱ûٰཻ̫ԵҲΪСԵҵ鷳
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ҹƽ̨ڣֻʣŵļˣѡʮˡ
󶥼ˣȻֹˣǼȻֻѡôҲֻûȥˡ
Ĵѡǰڵصˣǲࡣ
һؼߣԼһ˼ߡ
˵˼ۣѡˣӢĿͶ׶ı顣
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ȻϾһ£ײβ˷ҲûκνҸǲ˵ˣͷ˸Ӵ򲻵һȥ
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ȻЩ˶ԣǼİģ˵ĿⶼƵƵŷ
λǳɡŵܲȥ˾˪λվ
ͻһ𣬵߳ҹƽ̨
жʱЩҲǷ׷״λվȥ
󣬴˶뿪󣬲һҹƽ̨Ĵš
ŵȻá
һ㣬ޱȿ϶ģûпĵĵر
˾˪ͻߵĴ£ʮ˵öһ̨ҹƽ̨Ҳ̫Զ
ԵƬ̡΢Ц
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ˮȷʵмƿⶫҵõĲ࣬һƿһƿ
ǺǣϷҲռıˣг۹ˣҪⷵˮҲΪ˸һ֪۾΢ŵ
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ˣ˵Уⷵˮ⣬Ʒ֪ûУպ÷ˮһ䡣
⻰һע⵽༸ؼߵĶ䶼Ƕһ
лȻҲûпѹһЩͷˮЧ󣬲㣬ҲͶͨеãǽЧпޣѪ裬ҲˣҲƼ򡣡
˵ͷûлɷ˵
ʵ͵λ˵ԸӦԶԼҲ̫ܻ˵ٻٻҲ̫״ˣڷˮЧ˲ٽߵע⣬ѪЧҲȥû˵ѵıҪ
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֣ȴǽ֮
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ҲΪ˾һؼߡ
ŹϵҪãҲ㳲˵νӰвڲأඥڣչֵҲȫʵ
֣ĵ̣ȻǷͬСɵģٲһΡ


264 ܻ
̸ûǼؼߡ
ѪЧһ㣬ûǵԤϣڷˮЩ⶯
ǵݣȻǲȱǮģⷵˮ󣬵Ҳóȥ˰һףҲǺͷ˵СС顣
Һ˷ŶԵİ꣬ҲЩġ
ԼߺͷҲûʲôͻϾ˹ҪķˮҲ߲ܣһ˸һƿ
һĻ֮üͷ΢Ӣ˵˼䡣
ʲô㡭Ӣ۾ɵĹԲŵĿ߲֮ɵ飬Ĳ鲻Ը
ιǷˮҲҪһƿӢѹɤ֡
ûһֱۣѡӡ
㡭Ӣףһϣ̫ˣԷ֮ǣû˵ĻҪһƿˮ
밤Ļ͸ҹһȥȳ˵ѾûзˮˣУҲ˵ˡ
Ӣɫѿ˼㣬붯֣һȭһĻŷûã֮Ҳ˵ˣǷĶ֣ԷĻҲֻǿȥĻص֮Ǳߡ
֮ûкȳ²ɫҲÿ
֮ǰԵӢˣû뵽ȻԼӶɨЩ⡣
ɲǶֵĺõط
ŵ˶վԭأǶһжĮģ˾˪ЩǵĿ˷һۣ͵ķˮǰĶøС
ţֻۣлѩġ
ոܲǱ߸Ҵ绰˵ʺ϶һǮлѩЩɻ˵
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ŰһӴֱɻٷ˹ûн䣬滹ס
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ҲûԥڳĶǽߣֱɻףѲǣһɵ˺գ˸λ¡
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ĿһʱھǼ׵ĵطͣһͿͻҹɫͬߵľޡ
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ͨ񺽿ͻܷͬɻҲǸӼ̣ȻôɻҲܿӦóͨ񺽿ͻ
ŵĲҪ㲻ѣ˵Ҳûие档
ʻ
ףʲôзɻǰ𣿡һÿע⵽ߵĿͻȻȴûззɻǰɵʾ
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ǸǲǺչ˾ĿͻõͷķԱ侲ش
Ǻչ˾ķɻΪʲôͣǵĻشȻ޷⣬ÿʹ
ܡ

Ȼ֪ߵɧϴͿͻϾˡ
βǰͿͻĿռ乻˶ʡ
ˣҪϾλͨѶһʱ䡣ҹƽ̨ڵӣһˣһȴǸ˵˷ɻʱվ˳˵
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ŵķǹܵģû̫֡
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ŵҲǶʵżģĲ֪ڵأҲĲ˶
˵Ǵ˷Ϊ׬⣬ŵˣҲ˵ԷҲ
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ôһЩۣҲӦġ
һƬܿͻҲûдķ羰ټͨѶϾ˼տʼģжϣʱһȻҲʧȥͷ
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ɫ΢䣬Ȼ˾˪ͻߵģȴڣƺûа⣬֪д˽Ƶġ
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ΪЩͷгȺʧȥжϣԶͨ񺽿ͻ̵ķɻ⴦ҲǹģΣա
ȻڻʮӣȵΣʱĿڻڷɿɨһȦ¶ã֮ɫ
ӣ⣬ûκ֪ںδˡ
֪ܵŵڵأмĺôȻûз
֪˶ãоɻʼ·ٽ䣬;Ȼҵһ£ƺǴʲôţɻĽٶȿʼ仺ԼʮӺ󣬻һʵأǰϰףȫͣ
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βں󣬳ǰģһĲ֪ͨδͨװŵƣյͬ硣
ߺ˾˪Ҳ໰ֱӾǰȥ
ۺ󷽣ǴͿͻӴµʵʵ
ȻѡĶֵĻôƿͿͻŪﵽʲôڣҲѵ£ȻȨƬ̣ûѡô
ܳǧңȷ߳ʱһܵڡ
ӭλŵܻءͣ˲ת΢Ц


265 ĵĵر
ܻأɫһ
ŰĵطˣͨѶֶҲ޷ʹãεˡ
۾΢΢𣬿Ĵܣʵȴǿۣܣ۽ܻصĸǽ״͸
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һûпܻصĿռ䣬ҲǳĴ
ҪĵطλûеõǰҪ߶ȻˣɱﵽͷϡЦеģȻȴ͸ַâǿԴĵطʱǹȥ
˵Ƕ֪صġ΢΢һЦ
󶥼˶ǵ˵ͷ
⼸ˣ˵ˣŵĵ̣󶥼̣ôǣǵ˵ʲôʲôɵĻ³
Ҳû顣
ڱ˵ĵ̣ǵ͵á
ࡣ
䣬һ˹ڻߺ˾˪ߣ̬
С˪ͽˡ߶˾˪˵һ䣬漴뿪ˡ
˾˪תͷӵ˵ƺʲô˷һۣҲ뿪ˡ
ǺͲԭأŷ棬ֻгһˡ
λˣճܣʲô£ܷԸҡ๧֪ڳĶǽߣ̬ȻǱϹϾ
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񣬾ǰѷǴԵڣԽӴܵӰĵط
ܺǹʵװʿͿԲ³İȫȼߣûеõȨĻ޷߶
ǿȴҲȥŵùͷ
ŵĴӪ֪ۼ˶ǿߣĸؼߣ˵ҲܾϺˡ
ȻҲֶܳԸǣϾҲˣ֮˶ǶĴţҲܲ󶥼ŭ
㲼ܸڣǰһС䣬ͬʱ΢ɲһ𣬶оһ
ĵر
оĵرϢȻǼȴܣ޴ڣԽߣĵرϢԽŨ
ﲻͣ½Ų϶Ͽۣһ
ʮˣ˿ȥֱǰԵסڣȻС䣬ǽͣĵطˡ
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Щߵˣλûгĸߣ಻ȥڵؼߣͬԼҲӦ˾˪ķԸ
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ΧСˣʼʱСпյģȻԽߣԽԽӦҲԽԽ٣Ȼȴǲ෴
֪˾ʲôϵͻȻѯʵ
ţһۣû˵
ȴһƺ뵽ʲôɫʱЩ԰ףʵڱǸҲҴģ뷽Ҫ֡ȴǲټˡ
Ϊʲôôʣüͷ΢壬ʵ
⡭֨š
㾡˵û˻㡣Һ˾Ůʿû̫ϵֻǣеݡ
˾˪ָഺòҲǶݰɡ
⻰̬ӹˣȴҲҪȥķ䣬ǽżλؼߴ˵ģΪǼڲˣЩ档
΢΢ͷ˾˪Щм
Ӧþ˾˪ԼĻرˣ棬͵ĺõģ֮ˣҲò˱λá
ԸоԽǰķ䣬ԽӽĵرϢҲŨ
˵֮ǰĵرڲ²Ļôޱȷ߾ǵͬġ
߽Լķ䣬װ޲úʹСǼƵ׷
˵һЩע󣬳뿪ˡ
һߣȻ٣Ҳľǿۣǰ˹ȥ
ΧһѸţһҫޱȵɫԺȻ˷۽硣
ɫȻĵĵر



266 
ɫһĵرɫǶȣɫȡ
ɫĵĵر
ǰĵĵرǰĵرһ
Զǰĵرҫ۵Ĺԣǿȳ˷κһĵر
ңž޴ɫΪģ˷ȫɫĹâ˿ռÿһ䡣
ɫԾһݣɢŹԴ
ǰķߣԼĺ󷽣Ҳˡ
ʱͬɫƵģĿɫ
򡣡ѿڶ
ǰĵرӽڣֻһţȽԽߣԽǿԽǿʢǲӰ쵽ܡ
ȻĵĵرȴǺǰĵرȻͬڴ󾳽ϵĿԽ֮ǰĵر֪ǿ٣ܹӰ쵽ܻγһ
ΧڣܵĵĵرӰ졣
ĽĵĵرɢʹΧҲǳĵر⣬ķΧڣȫĵرƵġ
ĵĵرȻͬ졣˫Ŀ΢Ե̾š
ۿģʵ磬ӳҲʵĵĵر򣬱ǰĵرǿ̫ˡ
ϸĿ£ĵĵر԰Ϊ뾶ľ޴塣
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ȻλòͬЧ϶Ҳвģֺα־Զء
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ȻûĵĵرģԶҲ޷ۿľϣǷģȡߡ
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ôʵЩɳȫûǵޣʵͻƣǲЩġ
ĵĵرԵ޵ü
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ۣԶȡĵرϢ
֮½Ѱҳĵر

޻ȡĵرԼ
ǰĵرǿ޷ҲˣǴĵĵرʼȴרŵķţȡɢ󻯵Լ
޵ʵڱ֮½ʼ½ϡ
֮½Խʼ½ҲܳɳĸߣʵҲԽǿ
ˣַţԵľǱ֮½Чʹؾʼ½Ч֮ͬ
ʼɡ
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267 ޴ջ
Ԫ
ԺУַŵϸϣڷǰʹܿ죬Ȼء
ļ䣬Ϊ˷ļ䣬ҪõʱֱӷҳǣϾ֡
Ƭ̺󣬷ڴϣʼתԪ
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271 ͻƵ
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279 Ѫɫҩ
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ⶫʲôԿ϶ԲֹѪġ
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⻰һ֮ʱɫҡ
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û˵ҩΣնҵ˫ۣұ˷ˣΪһ˵
ˣ˵֣ұΪץסһؼ߶֪صأ㣬Լ֪ĲǼ߲˷ֱһ·ߣҶԣֻ֪Ҽǵõһ֣ҪȥڵأҪϵ߲һ𡣡
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ߣһǵĲۺޱҲ˵ˣؼĶҲһЩǷȤģ˵鰵ͶĵرС
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ܶڣһγɵģӳ߳εȫͣҪܳʱ䣬ҲҪʼ½ĲϳɳǴ¯տʼ˿ۣǵȵʼ½ɳһ̶ȣͻչֳ
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ȻˣǾɱȥǷͱɷ顣ЦţôǿĻֲֶֺô׳һġ
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ҵҪЩ鵽ʱǺεȱ顣Ц

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288 
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289 һ
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˵˿һϢҲǲϵĴУոǽ
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290 ķ
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ȻδŵĹֶΣȴһһָ˵ľ޴ʧͬʱҲĴķ顣


291 绽
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½㣬յ߼Ĵɽ֮󣬷Ҳǳ˸ߵ⻯ɣ۳ɽеһַš
Ƿ֮ͨĵ
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ͨͨ
ͨ½ڤڷǰһ״ˤͬ㣬ãѪ˿ڣ˵۾ļ󣬶ŵɫ
绽ꡣ
ָ֮䣬شؼߡ


292 ʤ
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ЩҲûʱ⡣
⻯ɣ۳Է绽ǲϰţȵɱʱ򣬷һǿƣ֮䣬ʹó
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ܴӱ˴пֽңԼ޾ĺڡ
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ߵҲЩ߶á
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293 Ľ
Բǧ֮ڣʬ塣
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һ÷Щ졣
һɫʯͷֻмСȻһ壬Ȼȥȴƺ˿˿Ƶӿ档
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֪еؼߣȷ˶ԷĴλãҲΪԼܺ˵嵽ǰʱ϶Է׼

һ죬ͶԷӲһǣŸоԷϴʹ÷岽͵ϮˣȷҪһ߲صײשǽϣ¶֮ɫ
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֪СıǵĵΰˣֻҪһ˴룬ķϵͳϾͻᴥĿְͻήĿһ׺ĸְ壬ܴ飿Ц
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ŵĽ֣÷оԷʵԼǿ٣ȻǵؼڣλؼڵĽߣȻιȻǵؼڣͨ½ڤǱҪǿһģǸУʵۣҪ·磬Ȼϳȴѹιһͷ
߸пȻιиǾ
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301 
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ЦȻȴûκЦ⣬Ŵ˸䡣
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318 Ͷ
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ԽԽȻˣȻҲôҴĿҲͰˣң⣬ŲǷҪġ
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ϣϣҵаҵ΢Цȥգӭļ롣
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мҶжԸļƻҹңߣôЦʱ䣬ӦҲҪСġ
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Ͼ֮УҶҵ鷳Ҫľһ֣졣


320 
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321 ۸
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ңɲͨɱȵģҵ˼Ͼ⻪ĵ۶ȫװ˸
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ȻܱܺݵĽеĽ߶ҳҲÿ춼ԺֶˣҸ⣬УеĽߣ;
󣬲ܸõı˵İȫһܲ˵ҲżĺôģеķչҲǳ
̫ˣ֪ЩλãҪǾ̫ˡ˷ܵ
û̫࣬棬ܵģһСļʲô
յģӾȻ棬˵Ĳ֮ҲǲȻɫ䡣
ܹʮˣһ˸һϾ㣬˰ɡ˵
еĽߣȻǲġ
ҵĽ࣬˷Ҳ
˵ͷĬĬţѡΪĿ꣬һЭ̣˶ǸȷԼĿꡣ
жɣҪʧ
䣬һҫС

нĵĿʼжʱһСسǣصߵľƵУ˻վҲȻŲġ
ҫ֮ʱ⼸˵Ҳ΢ࡣ
ٺ٣ˣҵҪôһ׳Ц
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ǼˣʮеĽ߱ʹߣԲͬжҲһôҲǸĿģкͷгģҲе˳۵ġ
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һȺҲزáװ︹̣Ҳʼֻţһ˽
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İɣһˣ϶ֲˡװӻûʧȥ򾲣ҲȾˡ
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ܷʲôֶΣܸҲ©ĵطҲ᷸˻УڷƤӵµԱЦǷȴһ֪װŵѡˣδֹ˲ᱻ˷֣ƽҪװͨˣһϰ°ࡣ
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װӺݺݽֻˤ˵ϣࡣ


328 תƣϣ
ʮеĽߣ˳
ЩˣûԼͷųȥҲ˳ԣʱ뿪֮Ƕеơ
ҪΪĴϵĶȻҪάԼţ˶ӵġ
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ϰ塣һ㶣վ˳
ָһһɫϸ߾Ʈ˺ϣӵ˲䣬ʱһ¶֮ɫ
⡭ôˣģ㡣˳ȥƺȥʲôǷǰʲôûС
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һ𣬺ܿѹ󣬾͸оָֻʱӦ㡣
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Ҹǵģ
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~
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γ֣ȺףȻûȫҲ˼ڽߵȫһͬСɡ
󺧣ʶľȻֽеٶǺε֮죬ʵԺͷתһ룬˵ӦԣȻˡ
ֻĿֽٷԼԴһ˲䣬Խѡ
˶һȻӦԡ
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329 תƣ£

һźһԾоǺɫ
ʱ˱ܵӦԡ
ϡϰ塣֮ŷ֣һ˲䣬Լϳһ㺹ͻȻһʵڰŵˡ
ΪɱԼأǿĻƹ⣬Լþ󣬵ڵϵֽϾͷӦ˹ʵԼ롣
С

ӡ

˷׷׳ҲʱŷӦĻƹ⣬ɵһ㶡
Ƿ΢΢һЦ˵
ǰ͵ԼĶԷҲѡ飬ССϷŪһ¡
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ǷӦͻԷȻ֮⣬ҲʶȥƣãȻˣһ㣬ºԶϰϰϰ˵
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330 
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ңȺӿռתƵĲлعȻԼڼſڡ
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ǰˣҲǷĸˡ
ҲǷϿɵѡ֮һҪȥϾУǱߵķֹ˾˷ûһڷĿУĵλǰİˡ
Щɫϸڴṩǵ˼ڽߵȫ˵תҲ޵ģ廹ҪתƵľһԣ֧ǴбԵһˣתһΰˡ
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331 һЩп
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ĺУȻҲУӲдңλһĶ֣ͻҷˡ
ڵĶУҵ˿ţҲеĵ̡
ңûоˣڵʵ͵λ֮ͲˣҲãҲã˵κβ
ֻһ±Ǩ÷Щп
ʱٺʡڷ췭ظı仯ǰ壬еϵȻڣԶǰǿʢ⣬壬Һҡ
Ҳ˵ˣڷңǴڣܵĴ
⵹ڿǣΪеĵ̣е̫ӴЩ¼ҪչҪռ䣬ⷢչռôȻƾնֻܴӼȵᡣ
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Ƕٹ˼ţǷı壬Ͳҵĺ󳾣ҷˡ
ˣеҲһ겻񣬺ǰʢȫͬնΪĬĬŵͨ
µ򣬽ڳ
ӡ鵭Įļ壬ǺεȺȻ˵ϧһжˡ


332 ٴγ
Ȼ޶˵ĸп
ԴȻ
ʵϣˣ̶̵һʱ棬˾޴ı仯ҲпǧȷҪ硣
УǷҪȥһ˴кǴ򣬿̹⡣
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Լ´ˣǲĵرʵڱ֮½ڣֻΪĵرûء
ǣΪ֪ͨʱԶУȻϵͷҲҪŵ
Ҫ˵ˣǷĵһ£ǵΣҲǣֻΪ겻УҲ޷ǡ
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֪ǰǻҪСöǰȻҴһڣԷһ仰ŵ˰ǵǼġ
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˵տʼôҲͰˣǶ̸һǸ඼侲ûƽӻ֣̿÷Щ֡
ע⵽˷ߣæԼĸ࣬üͷʱ㷢ʲô񾭡
ȴ̾ϢԼȽϿضԷû뵽Ȼڴϰǰֵô˵þҪ֮ˡ
ܣҡ˽㣬Ӳڵϣ罬ţ˵
񣿡üͷ΢ʱ˶ԷΪʲôô¡
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ٹһʾǿ뿪ˡ
ǻָ뿪֮ǰͻȻ˼ͷжǸм顣
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µŵĴͷ޸Ҳø̣ܺеңԶĺ򣬵÷Щ⡣
~
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ǿȥӺħгɹġ
⼸ĴȻûʧǴ˽أִǰ
Сʱ
ϰ壬Ŀ꺣ˡ봬գ档
ţǲҪ뿪һ¡˵ͷԸڴͷȴ󣬷뺣ˮС
ˮ󣬷һʱռ䣬һźɫ顣
ˮ顣
ѹ̹ʮΣգûˮ飬Ҳᶯ˼һˡ
ˮһãܶʱһݣˮ˿ȥŷʼ·ȥ
˱ˮ飬ṩ˵ǲݻϢΣա
Ǳףһ񣬷ǱǱһǧʱˮγɵݶʱȶ
ˮһĵرޣ£ҪðһΣˣ˵ĳƶ˲ܻصУɷҲõһΡ
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˼󣬷ڷˣף̹⣬ڵ󼰵ġ
ʵǿҵǿĵرֻԺ󽫱ˮߵȽס
Ѱڼ䣬ҲԶԶ̹һΡ
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~
ˮһӿһӰӺˮԾ˳˶ŴͷǷ
£ûаˮù˲档
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ḷ́ǰЩĵرڵλǵȡʮ˳׾ͽ֮һһ
ÿһĵرҪϸ쿴Լûҵֵ
ţе˼һգȡʮĵر󣬷յõĵرвһ


333 
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յõĵر
飬һɫӣͬһӲҵİߺۣ൱Ĳۣдһ֣벻⻹һ顣
һĵرͺףûöãͽ֮ϣıʱɢһɵĵâЩӲƵĶҲù⻬Բôһķɡ
̯龲ģһֵֻģźɫ飬ˮ顣
һˮһУʵҲǱ˵й֮ͨӦһϵĵر
УС΢΢仯ڴɴС
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ƬޣȤǼģ֪ǵһĴڣĵرȴԶһĵرΪǿ
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һȡʮĵر˵ջķᣬд󲿷ֶһĵرĵر˵ĵرҲһ
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ãȾɫԸκһȾɫʣɫеһ֣ҲǶ֣ڱˣҲ˵Ǳɫʸı䡣
ΪĵرЧʮֵĳ־ãһȾɫάĻܿͻʵȻɫȾɫ󣬼㲻κάܳǧ֮á
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һЩǼƷõõĻҲܴƵ棬ǷȴûٻϾƷʸ
ȻߣôҲĵر֮ܽ
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ʮĵرЧϣȻҲ˵Ǿûãܴļֵǻ¯ϸֵһЩ
÷еģʮĵر棬ҵһвҵֵĵرԳ䵱еξƷƷ
ĵرϵ飬Ǵ÷ջˡ
ģϺôҲǲջ񣬷΢ɹҲƽˡ
Ҳǣɽĵرͼĺһ˾ҵһҲֵ̫Ǯˡ
˴¯Ҳһģȡĵرá
κ֮УҲͽˣûĿȥĵرȤЧ̫£һ죬֮½ܽϯڣеĵرҲһһչڷǰҲüһʱ
վ˸߳˴ա
װϣһڴԱæµţȫ񣬷Ҳûǣֱߵ˴ͷ
ŵٶȺܿ죬͵Ĵ絶һ㣬ûô⣬ɽ֮ӿţγһӣĺ絲ס
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Ų𣬲ûͷ֪˭
ϰ壬ȥģڷվסˡ
ÿȡĵر󣬷֪ܿһص㣬ȴûУùеͷԡ
ȥĹǣ


334 һСͻ
ţȻǿһ˵İĹģܿôȥ͵ˣҲⲻ㣬Ȼʱ˼ƻȻ׼
лѩͰ﷽ǩ֤պһ
ԸǣԼ͵ӱǻĹ
ĹȻĶС˶٣λϰͻȫ෴ȷĹǵʱﶬڣڴϵԿ·ˣҲű
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Ůһ˵ţһҪĶͷһĹУǻɷǲǷպͿˡ
ĸߴǲ飬ȻʮЩ
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ҡҡͷ˿ȥ漴óֻ˸绰
磿磬ǻľϲ
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Ѹٱ˸ƺͱڽʲôʱеͣ÷ŷоЩɰ֪ɷ޽ͣС϶ͨġ
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Χһĵ˶Ϊ⾪˵塣
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һȴɷǣסС֣Ƥһ̺죬˶ƵģһƬհףȥ
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ǾȻôŮһͻȻԱ
üͷ΢˹ȥ
ֻһķͣһ꿿ڳϣ¶֮ɫ
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Щţæ㵽˷
Ƥӣǰ˴¶֮ɫ־벦ƿ
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ָңң˵꣬
ȻŻɰ˴󺺵һĻȴΥͷ
ţָģֻеӿĪĿ־壬彩Ӳޱȣƺ˹ȥ
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335 
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Ե
ڵ㣬һº͵죬ȻʶһĻˣ֪硣
㶣ܿعתϳ𣬳뿪
ԽԽء΢΢һ̾Щ䡣
ԽԽһ־ЧҲоͷĲԽԽ
ɵѾͷЦЦСԴúɬ֮࣬ҲǺܿ۾èƵģһССĸпʧԺ
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ĵرֻлĲУطӦҲдĵĵر˿϶Ҳнߡ
˵˵Ⲽǰɡ˻⡣
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ɷޣ̸еܿ͸ˡ
Զվŷ˿ͷ漴ϲ̵÷Եһᣬ³׼һʳ
ʱ䣬ͷ豸Ȼȫ
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ЧǶ壬ֻҪھˮһʱ䣬ǷݾˮһСʱڣЧܴ°빦
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ϾǶĵرֲɽǿǿȥأΪĵĵرﲻ߿ɱԣҲǸдƷ
ǲŪؼߵģȻЧÿʹöҪʱ׼ЧԶԶģûؼߣ;ˡ
࣬ҲǶŪһЩ˼ϣжʮ֮һѾǴɹˡ
Ȼ͸߸ϵĶ޷ȣʱ˺;߱ټõĻҲܳһҡ
ڴԣң׷ˣڶңɼĴڣΨпܡ
Щͨߣһˣ϶ͷɡ΢΢һЦԴǷǳġ
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һȥͻɣ÷ʧ
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ڶ죬ɷ޾ʹҴһعˣټׯ԰ֻһЩе˺á
зڣȻǷĵġ
ҲûмŻȥڼ䣬Ҳûкú棬һֱǣԼ÷ЩΣ˴һʱٻȥ
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336 ʼ
ǣһ޴˽ׯ԰ڡ
ү·ϵӶ˷׷
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Χƽʱһȴоһܸ߳Уɫѿ
װĵܵܣ˵챻ŵˣ̶ЦӺ洫˹͵һ̵ʹתʱһߴʵӣϴſŵЦݣ۾ʱʱ
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ӶûһģǶԶԶģΨһСľүĶΪƷ
ү˹үϰǹȥ˽֮ʱһӲĴ󺺴Զ˹
ϰ壬Ҳ˵ĸף޴ׯ԰ˡ
˲ҵǸ顣
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Ȼ˹¶ŭɫȰ˵˵ʱ򣬲͵һݣ
ȵȣѴ˵ϸ˵һ飬ԽϸԽá
ǡҶ˵ʲôǸ˵һ֣Ȼ˾ͷҵҳϣˡ
⻷ڣǺǵûп
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϶ʹʲôǺǣóľЩСֶΡ˹һЦ
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գҽó档
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ҪһԷ˸ۣݵķΪмС΢ģЩĹĵӡ
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һ˵ϣֻǺҽһ𣬾
ոսӴݻżûһŷû˿仯·ûԼĻҲ͸оû˼ˡ
ǰţ˳⣬ҲֻеСͳͧļʻԱûˡ


337 
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ǰĴ󱤽ǺרҵĵΣܿľ
˵Ŀͱ׵澰
಻ɺʶˣ̬죬չֳһص
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ȫľ㣬ȫҲɺȺͬʱҲȻŲ¼Ƭ̺󣬷Ǿ͸оС
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ڷҪ£ͧһЩȽΣյĺ򣬿˸ķ羰
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϶ǲͬⷽҪģڿʱ򣬷ȴǶ÷ͧĺзǿнЩΣյͧԷѹҲ̫
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ȴǶһۣͷһôˣҲ֪أ˶µ˿϶Ƿã翵ϵۡ
Ůû˵˼ǴСֱ񫣬ҪͧԶĺ
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ȰǱ󵺵⡣ݵЩ
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Ǹ©ãǲںʲôʼģȻ֮ǰҲҪ˽ԷС
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һĵر͸
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Ȼǵñ㰡ģЦ
𣬷Ļ򣿡˵ͷ˷ܵҲеţ⻹һκ˴ܣõĻĹ
˵ͷԸоԷͧϵĵ⣬Ȼ֪ӺζһܻǺѶ
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ˮģǺһзµĴɽ֮ΪͨˣҲ˳
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ߵͧʱһζݾһǱˤڼװϣʼͧϣʱ˴Ц
һײǳ˶⡣
ǵСùײ˲䣬˻֣εķͷ˳ҽ˫鸡ţ˼װ壬ͧζҲǲܰӰ졣
ȻҲǾ֮ͣԷϾİˣϣ֪̫ԼܣûʩԮֳ֣ײǱһ㡣
ûܵӰ죬ʼͧϵЦʱֹסˣߵĿԵľɲ
Ϊ߱סûп˽أֻΪʵͬСɡ
СֶΡ
̤أµͧʱֹͣ˻ζҲûгߵķ磬Ķ䣬γһ֮ϣס
֮ϣһֶ˲ˣ˼ߣǵֵסз˼߿Ļᡣ
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˵ܵĲ˹ˣ˼ڵĽڣͷǣۼˡ


339 س
ͷˡ
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⻹ǵһʹɽȭԼҲе㱻ƻŵˡ
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342 Ϣ
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343 ʵľ
ǷҲ׷Ź
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֮ɫһϳɾȻὫСС̷ϡ
ȻˣǾԤףǺ졣
ܿ죬ȥٴκ֣һΣǴԵ֡

ͷϵʽȷʺ֪Ȥ뿪ˡ
ȥ·ϣܿʵĸߣΪ棬ϾڸҼλ̫ߣ϶ӲģҪϿԽӽĻ
治֪˵ʲô
к棬ЩԼʣ붼Ҫ롣

˼䣬ͻȻʵ˳䵱˾һһβײԱߵ·ƣյĲ·ƶԱ˼·˵ľŭ
һ亹
ǸʵڶԲʴˣˡһ˺ˮֻеתǵڼһλԼˣΪһСϵʴˣλһǧɣȥƫԶ³
úÿѵһ䣬û˵ʲôҲûκα仯

ɵסˣû뵽һϿʴˣȻôķŹˣ
ûҲûɵȥ
ǲΪʱᣬȵԺԼϾεûбҪԼʲôֶΣһ仰ܶԼģбҪĨǣ
ղȥǼׯ԰ҪйעΣʼƻˣҪĻϵң𣿡ʳ
ȻԼĿǡ
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ʼˣ϶ὫŭйǼׯ԰ϣҪģǾһŬס
ܸҼӷ֣÷ĺøУӶվԼһߡ
ǣʴˡȻ׹ʵķȫΪʵķԸӦѾĳЭ顣

ʰ󣬷ҽ
ʼȻˣʱҲܵ˺ܴĳЩҪҲڽôԸԼ
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ȻعҲʼֲʱ޷
ȻҲģΪʼʲôڵȴɻɵʱ򣬷Ϳۣɨܡ
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ۿŵǻʱٽûн֣߳ɨȴǷһ˹߽ͣŷɻĵط
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㲻ڱ֮½ͨҲ뷢ֶµԼ
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ȷ˶Էʱüͷʱ΢
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ӵּĻҲʮϤܿˣһЩʩҲǻƵģûз
첽ߵ˿ͻԣѸٴӻͳһĶ


344 ؼ
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Ǿ벻ԼзݵصҲɱԼ֮ԳɻҲΪʡˡ
ȻȻˣҲ֮вԼɻЩ˿ͷǾȲ˵ģۿȥ
ҵ˰װص㣬ҪըװȥͻȻǰһţըʧȥӰжʱ󺧣ȻûӦһоնϣնɱ
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345 
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~
һǰһٴ̤⴦ռ䡣


346 ɫצ
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ɷ
һ۾˳鲼ռģǼ޾ɷ
һסûбþԻ󣬽ǰ׼ϴɷ
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ˣԿ϶ɫצ϶һֻޱǿ飬һ㣬ӿԼ𺳾ܿӱ룬㲻֪ȥ˶꣬ޱȵǿ½ķҲ˿á
Ĺȥ򵥰Щп
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ֻӦ÷ڼΪңԶĹȥڵʷ¸Ҳۼ
ϧȴǳҡҡͷ
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ֻǣϾ޵ĽǻŵĻԽɫצԼĸоҲܱĵرҪߡ
ȵȣΪ
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347 ٻز
ĵرӵһ˿֮лΪ֮Ч
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ǰ̾Ϣǽɫצͻŵʱ޷ȣͻȻԺһ˻
Ϊýɫצ
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ӵһ˿֮Ч˵쳣ǿģ֮ǰͿǹ;ҪôãҪôȥĵرһ
ڣɫצõѡȻĵر󣬼ֵҪĵر֮ϡ
󣬷ҲԴϣжϳʲô顣
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ҪĵȽסָڲ豭ᵯţкܿ˾
ǰԥȿʹô¯أɽһ̣ȴѡ
˵ɽܱʮǿ󣬿ǷţɫצԼڵϾܺˣκΣգҪɽõĶ࣬ɽʱӺ
½߲㡣ЩΡ
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Ҫʱ䣬½߲㣬Ͼڸͻ½㻹ûãȻ˵˵ĵ»ص½㣬ңԶ
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죬͵˷ɻĹʵûѡ񲼳ǣڱĳн䣬ţҲûмŶǵȵҹŴסľƵ˳˸߿գ۵糸ƿշУص˲ǡ


348 ˵
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ӵλϣܿ˴˶Ĺϵˡ
ʱҼһ䱸ɭϵĽڣĸ棬ֱ
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ΪҪתһ£Ҫʱܶ࣬ӦѾ˰ĹǶ֪ĺʱģ;ǽҲеƣ˵ΪӦжҪѵ״̬˷϶ϢԼ״̬ڵѡ˵ʵҲޱȿ϶ţϣͻϵҡ
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ʡʿüҪףϢй¶ȥĺ
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ףˣҸҵҧҧ
ʱѾû·
ܳʲôҲֻѡŷΪǺе
֮ǰûӵǻ˵Ϣȡжʿ۾
Ȼĺȴޱȳء
ͷһҲó
˵𣿡
ʱһƽͻȻһƿ˽߽ԼҵԺӣֹ˵Ĵݡ


349 Ŀ꣬
꣬ĸߴ󣬽üĿݸǵ͵Ļˡ
˭ʲôʱģӥɫ䣬վȵ
ɲΪڷǰԼѹûзֶԷԷǼİԿ϶Ҽûôһˡ
ôôģôĲڵġ
ӥɫ䣬ҪʱȴͻȻվϲôˡ
꣬Ƿ
ͻȻʵӵһӷɵã϶βסľϲ
Ȼˣ˵ȷʵԸжҲûйܵĿܣϷһʯ
Сǻˣӥǳһ漴۾ϸŷ
ᣬԤϣҪ֪ĸˣһʮͷˣٺҲ˰ͷôһС꾹Ȼܺƽƽ
ȵȣôģݽˣôģʲôʱģȴ޴֪
˭
ʵϣѾһˡ
еٶҪĶ࣬ΪҪϹȻϷ͵ˣǽҼһ顣
߹Ҽλã˷׾ҵĿꡣ
ۣȻ׾ͷĸؼߡ
ݵؼ϶ʹ÷ʱĲûһ
Ͼϣäڣ϶ȻӸҼİΪ
ʱûϵʣҲΪԸҼ岻̫ΣĹ̽˷ӥǶʵķѣףҼҲһ顣
ЩԻ棬ȻӥǶԼĲΣҼ岢ûʲôԼ˷Ҳֱ˽ȥ
֪ԼͻȻ֣϶ҼľɲǷҪġ
Ҫ벻ͨ벻͸ԼһɫʣԷкôϾǹ⣬ӥǵǾ䣬࣬ı죬ǺеģҲΪȻʱȫЩˡ
ӥǵɫЩѿû˵Ļĳ֣Щɵ׷
ݺݵ˷һۣӥǴ˳ȥܿ죬ȻЩڡ
ûȥӥûӢҲ
׵Ļʿ΢Цĳ֣ʷҲظ
ɻĿͶʡ
ǸҼļʿҴˡæ͵
μ棬ʿ鲻
ǸӥĵؼߣֶأҲʽ£ˣ֪Ҳֻ࣬Ǽ򵥽֡
ţʾŷǱߣǶ棬ֶغӥǵλã˫μ
һӥǻˡ
֮ǰͬڵ˼֣ҲһЩɵԻȻЩûеõκõϢԷΪ衣
˷һۣӥһԵԼλá
Ҳû̽һʵ˼˵ģûֶΣľ
ӥǵķӦɫ΢΢仯
ǶӥǵƢھȻôʵ˵ȷʵǿ͸Ρ
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жΪ˱ݾߣȻԽԽãֻҪǼؼ߳־㹻ˡ
Ҽ壬ȻؼߡҲЩľ
Ȼ˶ǵؼڣչҲǵؼʵܽĸҼѹƣʼʵ֪
ջĵı׼Ҽʼ壬Ҳһˡ
ͬΪһǵʵҪǿ࣬Ҳֻһؼ߰ˡ
ȻԾҲ⡣
ڹڵʱ򣬷Ҳû˷ʱ䣬ͬʱռŰĹϡ
ǱߵȻ֪Ĳ꾡Ҳ˽һЩ
Ĺعϡ½ŴƬĻĮ
ڰĹĵرԶԶ޷ͬؽĻȣӵĶڰĹ൱ҪȻ࣬ƺܹҲֻһҡʼһЩʵǳĵһ١
ǸոͻΪؼûõģôҼؼҲͲˡ
ʥ䣬ʼҲ޷ֻ֪֪̽ŵλãڸģͲö֪ˡʿ˵
˶ɫһæǻʿ֪ģʺӥǶ֪顣
ˣʥӥ̲סʵ

ʿ˶٣˵



350 вҲ


ⲻһˡ
Ǵκҽó棬ʱ򾭹һ󵺣ʱĵСͽֽܵϣܼǵĵһ˿⡣
Ǳʼ˸ռˣʱܲܽ
ţ˲˹ˣ˺ʼһϵгͻ
ĵرü
ݽʱ򣬷ɹ᲻ʼĳԱռϾʼʵһǴ´ģûҪһ١
ʿ˼ĵرΪԵЩ׽ˡ
ǲ̫ĶԼҼע⣬û򵺣ǶĳԱʼȨưռԼʵĿأǰռʵ֮󣬲ŷĵرټѰ˼š
Ҳ²ǰռǰǷʥǰ
Ȼⲻص㡣
ڵǾЩϧԼûǰȥһۣϾʱΪ̫Զ۵ĿӷΧʼĳͻ÷ľ뿪˲ǣ˴ûᡣ
ֻҪĵرĶĿ
Ȼĵ졣˵˸Ӳ˵ˣʺӥǣɫ΢䡣
ʼռİԵΪҲ޵ķʸʳ
Ҳ뵽ʼΪ
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֪ˣҾͲʼЩõӥҲǺ޺޵
Ȼìܣ˴˼Ǿ߹ϵϵϣ˵浹ǹͨġ
Ѿ˼ȶʵҲͲö˵ʲôˡʿ
һ˵˶ʱˡ
ˣǲھȥĬ˻ᣬӥѾ֪˵ص㣬ǾӦ㶯ռȻݴ͡
һǣʿҡҡͷ顣
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ǰȥмĿܱ֣ͻᶪһơ
ʼ巢֣֪ǵܣô򽫻ᳯŲԤķչǶԣǼĲ
ʻ˵ţ׷
˵Ӧô죿ӥǺһŭ
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룬˿϶ͨ̿ǡ΢΢һЦתͷ׵Ļʿ
ʿ¶һ˿ЦݣʵĹάʮá
ʷЩʿĿɨǾôţʥ
ʥǻʿ˵ģƫƫʳ仰
΢΢һЦζĴڵĲã֪ͷ˵ʲô
ˣȴǻһ
ѵʥﲻӥǴһȴ¶˼֮ɫ
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ǸȻǸҼ尲ʼڼˡ
˵˵⣬Ϊǳױʼǣűˡ
صôᱻְɡӥЩȷ˵˵ڣԼú˵
漰ʥİ
ֵĿܣߣҲųһܡʿˡ
˶٣ƺڿδǡ
вҲͻȻڣ΢Ц˵
֣ʿͼչֵһ
ʼ壬Ҽ˵ǳ·磬ʱðĻԷĲõҲͰˣµĻǴʼûκθŵ¶ʥǲǳ׵ʧܡ
û˵ĺܶԣвҲʿһ¶Цʼ˳ٶ



351 ˵
Ȼ֪˽ôʣµģǵȴˡ
ʼ彫գȥȡĵر
ɣѾΪ㰲źסʴλվЦŶԷ
һߣӥֶص˵ͷվȥˡ
΢΢ͷûоܾʵİš
Ҽ彫Լļƻ˵ˣ˵Ǵ֮ԳϣʱӲҪסĵطȥԵԼϲ⡣
ȻôҲҪҼ
ƾһˣʼȷʵֺá
ڸҼߣؼߣԿʼ壬ɼԷǿ
Ҽ˰æѵʼ岻
ʥΪյĻûһؼֻܾܾҪʼ̫ףԸʼ壬뵽жС
ʵǷҲҪ˱ᣬڵʵ޷ͬʱԸüؼߡ
ȻûסҪǿᣬȴҲǲܣ˱͸Ҽ
ͬҼҲˡ
߰ɡվ
뿪ʽһ棬ŵȷʵʮܵ
ϣҲ˿Է⣬Ҳ֪޲޲
Ҫ˵ʮָмġ
ӥʱʳ˼ѹԼĶҡˣȻͻȻ֣ȴǽȳָмҲʹԸܼķΧڣ跽һб
ˣסĻסڲǵׯ԰ȥ룬ͻȻ
ֻҪ֪پͿˣסûôƽϡ
ȻڸҼĵ⣬ߵĻҪ࣬һߣôҼļƻͻй©ķա
˵仰ʾͺˣҲջ仰ʱЩڨڨ
ׯ԰
ɫ΢µǴҵ
Щ֮ôϡ
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Ȼô⣬һ˿øС
ͷˣסɣòŻطҡҡͷܾʵĽ顣
˫ĻȻƻҪøҼġ
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һۣ͵˵ڶ졣
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Ĺ½ŴƬĻĮ˼Ҫ˵ʥֵطҲ˵ͨΪ٣һֱû֡
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Ҫ֪֧ǲʼҪõİ취̽һǸؼߴڣһ̽Ҫ߳УĽǴݾߡ
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гģûʿԥ˵ʵʿҲЩɷĻϾȥʱ̫̣İˣᣬ޶˵ľͻ˲ŷһԾŶЧ
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ڻʿ岻ʱֻȻʿһȡֻ
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򣬸ûбҪһ١
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˵ҲѾ¶ˣѷλúжʼϾ֪飬ǿеǵϾɰתƼ䲻
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˶޲ߵ飬ǳȥתһȦͽˡ
ʵҲ֤ȷġ
ڣǶûʲô취ҲֻܰϣڷˣԷݣȻ˵仰˵ȷʵһİգҪǿࡣ
һԱȫ㡣ʿն˵
΢΢ͷ漴۾ۡ
ţԱٴתȦ
û˸ΥǻʿˣҲǲʱӰ쵽Ǿķᡣ
ܿǧڵ˵ʼЩˣ϶ۿӷΧǷĿҲǡ
ҪҵģʼǱͧ϶Աδؾܶߡ
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ӥŭǱͧͣȣԾ˳ȥ˶Ǳͧ
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ȥɾͻʼˣʱлᱨ
ӥһȣǰ棬ķŭΪ˱ԼԼľΪпȡ֮û˻ȥƽʲôҲˡ


353 
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ʿǻʲô쳣ȴĸоͨչĺۼ
ⲻͨգϡԸоһɺƴϡԲȴʮǿ
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һ·߹ͨûʲôԴǰһƬĵطҲӦǺڳģŶԡ
ȻǷǰǰɫȻɫ˵ĺڲйԴɫʡ
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ʼˣӦǽˡʿһ˵
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˶ǵ˵ͷǶ˳ͨģһ·ҲûֱĲ⣬ҲһЩۼ˵ǰû˵
⵺ڲͨǺεأʼǻҵʵûзĻʿҲֻץϹʼˣȫûбҪһٵ֡
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Щۡ
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ڼȻӣ߲Ȼ֪飬˻ʿҲȷʼôȥˣһЩֶΣǺߣֻʲôֶΡ
ĬȻ룬ͻȻȥ̽˰֮С
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ԺΪ麣磬Ŀ϶Ǻˮˣץһκˮ˵
ֻ÷ȵǣһκˮҲʵ̫ˡ



365 ɹȡ
Ӧ粻ͬԵʡܿ׹
麣˲䣬͸оѹ麣ѹСˣһκˮͣҲͱ֮
ȻҲǷĲ²ˣҲûۿ麣˵麣ĺˮģҲ˵
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ĽŲɵĶ˶٣ȻʧЦҲ¶һĨ֮ɫ¾ٲ߳˰


366 
߳򣬷ͿһЩ˵档
ǵλãõͨڣҪ뿪ֻһ·ֻҪס˾ͳȥ
ɫδ䣬ĿɨЩˡ
Ǳߵı仯ûгӰ쵽Ȼ֮ǰȣЩǺЩ˵ı顣
ʡ˹ʡʿӥǡʡֶ򡭡
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ҲΪȽ׵ԵʣǷԸô¯ȽףҲˡ
飿ûǸҪҡҡͷͷ֮Ժ
ɽͻûг֣ôԼͷõóֵĵرˣҲֵȻڣͲˡ
ɲ麣
ĵرٶ࣬ҲԶԶ޷麣ȵģҲĵرãԷֻѡԼôĵرҲɽͻ
У׵ȻЩˡ
ĵرҲັȻɽͻһһӵһ˿ܻ֮ΪȴǼ亱
ѡȻԶ
˷飬ţʼ½ĿҲ֮־޴Ĺϡ


370 ҫ
־޴ԣǷջҲ棬ϸ쿴
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ҲǴʱɱȵģȡⶥһУܿ챻ջٰɡ
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֣Լڵ׿ռ䣬˿һк󣬲ŷĵĿͨ־޴ȡ˳
͵Ĺԣҫķ׵Ŀռҫͬ硣
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Ȼô̬һţ¶ϲ֮ɫ
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Ŀǰԣϲߵģֻз
ÿһͻƣҲЩһʵԽԽǿͻƺʹʣǶϵջʣҲԶЩߣϵͻơ
ֻͻƣκһߣܲɷ֡
ȻĵرȻȷʵ˼飬ȻκϵҲ֮͡
θˣҪǻס
ͺôѧȥСѧĿȻ׾٣ٶҲǼ졣
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˵е壿ʥ壿Ǳġ
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ٵ˼ʹԼ侲
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ʼɡĿȣֹԡ
ڵ۶ȡľϢ
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ŷĲ룬ֹҲǱâҲ͡
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ȻһֹԣȻҪ֮ǰС౶ֻкС
ţڿģĵرıˣȻǹԣô˵ʵ̬Ҳġ
ϸ˴ɽ֮ŷһ֣еԼ
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Ũɫ⣬̳˷۽磬ȷĵĵرɡ
ҫգĵĵرӵ̫֮֮Ч
ȡĵĵرϢ
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Ȼҫպ̫ġ
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֪ӱеʱҫմڵĵطٻŲ·Ҳӵֻǰ׺ɣﻹˡ
ҫյǿ󣬲εٶȺܻϸ˷
޹صģ֮ǰǿʱЧô㡣
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ţĵرȻôã۶ȡҫյϣͻȻһ
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ָܹЩָĲ֣ȻεһЩĻܹȥ
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ȷһŰɡԭĴ㣬Ǹߵ˷һҫգҲοӵԼõ
һ˹ĻţҲʵ̫µЩ
Ϊһ˵õȮʲô£ǣͼУдڵ壬ȻǿٳȴʬƵģʲô塣
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ֻҪҫյڣζỺҲüһʱ
ĵĵرû÷ʧǿԵĵȽףӵмĸߵȽĵر˵ǲС
¶֮ɫŷһΣҫջʼ½ɢһȴûлãǻصеļ


371 ɹ
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գҲϢлѩˡ
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Ȼߵ˶ͨˣֻͣÿٵʱ䣬Чǲġ
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ڵΣ麣ˮƬֳ̺ģԽԽ󣬷ӦҲԽԽ˼άҲԽԽ
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ԽԽƯˡϸĿлѩ΢΢̾
㲻Ҳһѩ㡣С΢죬ʮֿġ
εߣŮҲϸ΢ı仯ԽԽס
Ů̸ܵһǵĹϵǳãлѩϲ׺ߵŮʱ޴룬ܿһΣȴ彩ӲţлѩϷΨԼһС˵лѩ
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Ҳ漴ѹâһʧԭأлѩİ칫ҡ
Ҹ绰лѩ˷֣ߵһȥ绰
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Ϊн飬˫Ҳͨޣ֪ңеʱʱΪĽ
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ǣҾ鷳
ǼҶ̲ҵ˼ȻǲϷߵġ
ҲңһС˳˶ѺˣҵǱԷ˴롣ſЦͶУʽͶǱߵĶ϶û˷ңôֻˣʲô塣

˵̲ǷҵĴ㣬ʲô֤ݣУȷͶǣ©ϢűѺǵ˰ˣԸ˵󼸾ԴǸ
ˣǱߵĶ֡
һæңô÷ܣͶ˼űѺģҲ֤ݣ֤ǰ̲ǷңŴơ
һۣƬ̵ĳĬȴ÷Ÿоаǰ㳤á
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ңҼĻҲƽһҵڲ͹죬β󲻵⣬Ϊλߣƽ
ǣӭ黶ӭҲԭģԼԸˣѷҵô;Բᡣ
ҪŪŵľģŻ岻֣ںˣǱ˵ǹʹȴǷ޷ܵġ
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Է˵ȴûơ
ۣԹӰЧҲ˵ֻҪܿĵطùӰӳ
ۣһϰΧڵһУͻƵ½󣬷Ҳ˽ʱѾܿԲǧ׵һˡ
ֻ۵ӽǱȽ⣬ܿʵĳӰȴֲһȱԲǧڣܱʵĵӳ
ȻӰҲҪܵӰ졣
ҪӳĵطǿĻͻܵţĻͻģ壬ʲô
ƶʱҾ˵ʱһ̫ˣ˵ĺ̫ߵĻҲı䡣лѩ
˵ͷʱȷʵˡ
ƶݼʽʱ򣬷ҲԼ˺·
Ϊǿеģõݼʽ޿ɺǣʱһͲʺˣҪΪг޵ġ
վĸ߶ԽߣҲǲͬ
տʼʱ򣬷ң˵һףһǧڼʮڽǮ˵ǴջҲ㣬ŷĳɳ۽ĲͬҲʹڱ仯
ڣһĽǮѾڷˡ
񿪰쾫ƷᣬϣģܵõᾧãܵõһᾧǾ޴ջ
⣬½Ĵѡ񣬿⣬Ҳܺ麣ĸ߲ȣᾧҲǲ࣬ԷĳɳٶȣͨʱҲ̫
ȵʱ򣬷󣬿϶һ㡣
䱦ĵرҲϡƽ
ϵᾧҲ޷÷⣬Ϊ۽Ӹˡ
˵Դ޵ģݼʽʱٰ̫ܾҲ٣ԸϷĳɳٶˣٰ켸ΣҲڷ۽ø֮ǰŪЩᾧǼֵ󻯵ķ
еͽˣҲʱıʽ
ţһʱڣһʱڵ뷨лѩͬ
ҲҪȥʲô˳ƶΪˣξƷ㲻ǰҲûʲôЦ
ξƷҲֻʣ¶ѣǵģҪǵĴξƷյݼʽԭҪʱ䣬̫ˡ
ͨ˱ΪҲɢеӰȻֵˣ϶ǲȥֹġ
˲֪ĵϸ֪۽仯죬ֻȷӼȡ
ֻ׳һӣһϣΪ֮ˡ


á
ɳϣлѩı档
ݷṩϣԼǵĵ֤Ͽȷ˵ġлѩ˵˶ԷȷʵͼһֱûʲôֱžͶУΪ©Ϣ˰˵ж
š΢΢ͷҲǷ
ȻѾȷûԼͼǾͿˡ
̵ģǱá
ѩеĲ豭
˵лѩ΢ࡣ
˷֪ǣʲôɣڣ黹ҵ˺һвҵĻЦһȥһˡ



375 ˵ĻӦ
ϡ
˵ܲϱһ
Ϊصڵ⣬ҲԼܲ꾭ӪӰǼ侪˵ġ
ܲһ칫ڡ
ųȻɳϣ϶һƣţ칫װεĸʹƵģʱöĹŵ֡
˼ڽߣⰵܲλҲλĵؼ֮£λؼһ㲻ᴦųп˵ǴȨգֻҪţʡҪϼȨ졣
ˣ򸴺
ųǲָԼͻƵؼˣ˾
~
ЩȻųüͷ
ʱΣϢɵʱͷԸˣû£ͲҪȻУ˵鲻С
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һɵӿ첽˽أһݺ
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ܣзź˵꽫ĺķųǰ
Сųһϵɺջ飬˲ʧһɶҲ
ԽȵУųȻǳɵţѹ¸ҴԼԭеź
̽Ļźųϸ
Ƭ̺¶˷ŭ֮ɫžһźݺˤǰϡ
̫кôĿųҧгݣһĶ⻹ûг׳أһ͸Ҷǰָֻţƣ
źݲ࣬ȻôȴǳǼİԵ
ǣڽҵ˺Ͳҵ
ų쳣ŭڶһƵĶ˵Ƕһһȳһϰ˸߸ϵųжԣܵˡ
ȻЩɱָ𣬻쳣ķŭ⡣
˼㣬ߣȥҼλˣһҪкͷһݺݵĽѵų
뿪ų߳˰칫ңרõԣ󣬵Ϸȥ
ܲĶ㣬λؼߵסˣһ˶ûʸȥ
ųλˡ߳ݣųй
Ƭ̺һ洫

ųᾫ񣬿첽˽ȥ棬ֻһߴߵ
˵ؼߣһһŮǷޣסһƽһ֡
ˡųй
ߴ
ųУʲô𣿡һ˵СųжԼǻ㱨ˣֻһЩԴĴ£Ż
ǣҽӵеźǣڽҵ˺ͲҵҲţʾˡųй
СüͷǷУ
ǡųе
źҿ
ųæӦǣźݸϸĿһۣҲ¶ŭɫ
΢һźʱķ顣
ɫࡣ
ˣǸôظųСʵ͵ۿƴǷ죬ǡ
û˵꣬ͱˡ
ٴҲǰָֻţ̲ңǰ˵жҵӴ󣬳ɹ̲ĻǰҲкܴĺôܷϵ飬ʲôϵŭСͷ̫ΪԼ޵ˣ֪ߵغ񡣡
ǷţôĵӣͶҲˣȻȥٺʡ÷Ըǰˣη粨ȥôʰ˶ŭ
źͷң͸ùԹԵð̲ھȻҷǾǴ治ϳ͡
ų¶ϲɫĵģǸ߲㲻﷽ѡ˱ܣǿ̬ȣ֪׵ͷ
˵ģȥзһźôȴԹԵˣ°˵ҪҲڻĴػȥ
ΪȻҪԼϡ
ȻȥλӦһ֪ͨġ
ųæӦǣɲٴȥùͷ
ȻŭҲһСҲͰˣ¹ش󣬷ɲͨ漰󶥼
кüؼߣȻһƱ϶֧ԼģҲΪԼܲͨͬ⣬ʹ
ٶϵڵأ󣬰˵ľҲ͵ųߡ
ᣡ
ǰվֻĸ֣ȴ԰˵İ


376 һ

ܲųзЦǷݸ߲´ָǰ
ǸɵǴվţҲ¶Цųе飬֪ǻϢ
ᣬǰ˾ǰˣЩɱȵģλ˵ľĸ˷緶ǰƶֺȥıҾͲǷϡųЦ
õĻӦ
ǻغԻƿڴ˰˵ĲΣᣬ˽ġ
вţ𣬲ǶԱָֻǾͲǣ͵ǵķǿǲڡ
ӣ˸еʹ졣
ܣǽӦô죿ѯʵ
Ͱռλ˵˼ᣬô컹ô졣ųдһӣ˶٣Ҳ¶˼ߣЩԹԵı̲ȻѰ·
ȥӿ̲ңҪ̵ʱڣ÷Ҵӻĳʧ÷ϹʧȥһСų
Ӵ˸漴Ҳ¶˷֮ɫӦһæȥִˡ

ߵĶܿ촫С
á
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ĸؼ𣿲ࡣ˵ͷ
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Σڵصģ˻ûȫڵصĳ̶ȡ
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΢΢Ц
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κһ˵ĵؼߣʵ֮ϡ
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İɣϷϰԳ϶ֻܰعŵĺܣ̲ǵʱȥ٣Ҫһһĸ³ķŵļ򣬰ο
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ɡ
һ˵˷ɻܿ뿪Уϱȥ
ϰ壬һСʱŻصĿĵءߵ˷λԣ
΢΢ͷʾ̫ʽˣó⼸˶Щš
γ⣬˼ߣҵλλһٮٮߣͳ˼ߣز۵ĻƱػΪҵҪʣǸҲǺܳɫˡ
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ڲĵһԱڶ࣬ȻĹǣƽײβʱ䳤иǰ;˸淽һҲΪ÷ǿϣ͸Щ˵УһļӴӰ
ţ˵˵˵ǼؼߡתͷһԵķ˵
õģϰ塣Ŷ˶񣬴ӷΪʽͶ˷˳ƺҲˡ
˵߸ؼߣ˽ҲǺܶࡣ
Ϥģڰܲؼߣ÷ޡ
Ҳ˵÷ޣʱ϶սģԹڵһеʱȻǳԲ֮ʵȷʵҪһҲǶ֡÷ʵҲǷޣ˴˼ǳĬ˵ؼڵĽ߶һսų˿Լ֪һжԭԭ˵˳ǰܼҲ治ɫ
ʱΪѣϢֻ÷жʧ󣬽ʤļʣȻûô
֣Һҵʲ࣬ҿ֣ʵȶҵĵؼ߲Ϊʲô᲻üһ⡣
ȷʵǸࡣ
ȥϾҶ鷳ʱͶҵĵؼ߶Զ֣ߵʵڲ֮䣬ѷֳʤźԵʵࡣ
⡭һͣҲ˵Ȼ
ϡϰ壬ңҵ֪ʱһԱ
΢˹ȥҵеһǵֽῡ
ΰ˵΢Ц
仰ʹԭֲ̿Ϸ
ͷ˵ûѹĸ˶
῵Ļ˵ڣϾͺˣ˵ķݣ϶˺ˮǷƽͣȴĽ⡣


377 Լս
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Ҫ˵ĻֿܣһĳڵأһΪĳЩԵʣйҲɾ
һ֣÷Ȥ
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Ⱦ˶ǾܣĴսġ
ʱĺܿ죬תۼ䣬ʱ͹ȥˡ



378 ʼ
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ųôˣһźµ߳ʵ۾ƽվΧ˶ΪģΧƳһš
ߣǰ˵ǿߣؼڽߣѩ塣
˵Ŀ⣬ϡ
ΪܲλߵˣҲųеĶͷ˾⣬ȻشⳡԼսҲǵʲá
ܵ˺أڻûѹҽ˵Ҫһָܻ꣬дŭ
ų£ǴȥԼսȻˣһ˦ϣ쳣ŭ
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Ǹøһѵˡѩ嵭ʲôˣܶǰָֻŵģ˵ʦġ
˵ⷽǿ˶ǱģҲϳ˴һؼԥ
ߣǿܴùм
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СӣоϣŶ̶̵һʱ䣬Ȼɳٶ󣬿Ӧģȴǲ㣬һ·˳˳ˮûʧܹԸԴԸԲŻǰָֻţľ󣬸߳ŭ뵽ǰ˵ĵ̣ЦĻǣȻ㳲ֻһš
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֮Ҳǽϵɽͷ΢ֺˮ˲òһĿŶ档

ոɽһŭ
˳ȥ˵Ǹߴߡ
Ավŵľӣ÷һѵ
˵ʲô
㣬ųǴǰȥԼսģƾʲôˡŭȵ
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һҲ޻˵
ؼ߶ϵģôһ˼ߣԼԼвֽѵųУҲȫ˵Ĺȥ
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ųеҲˣ㷢ǰָֻţʲôģھȻܵ㻹ΪԼ޵Уֱ˵£ȵҲջˡ
ѩһԲѣҲͼƻõġ
֣Цһǰ˵£ҸںϣֻΪҵֻع
ʲôֵģһϵ£ʲôϵ
ңϵûܷչĵزոԼµĹʵʲôֱ׳
ͺׯڣΪҾǰµӣȡǵӪɳȵ֮ȻԲժ
ʵϣһЩΪģԼĿƵ̷ָǷչʱٽո
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ǿЦ˼㣬ǵĵ̣ѹѹǵռ䣬ڻǣȻǵ·չġŭȳ⡣
ǱѹȵĻȥˣʹ뿪ͶУøǣû뵽ǾȻ̰뿪ҪǷҲҪ̽ȥϣбǸ޳ܵ𣿡
죬ƿԡ
ʵϣô£ȻҵĵҲǵ֮ֻʱȥȡˣ˸ûԼߡ
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ôһ˵˶Щ죬ҲƤ񣬱˿
˵ʲôϻȻϣǺǰԡ߳ŭ֪ߵغҵҪжı¡
ʼɡ



379 
˺󡣡
תͷ˵ֿ˷һۣǡ
Է˶ڣһҲδܹ˼ߣǺˣñˡ
ǡŵȻӦǣźȥ
һߺһŭǰȻǻŭ𣬵Ҳ֪Լǰ˵Ķ֣ʱҲֻ
ϰӮ𣿡˿һξ῵ʵ
һһĻûϰĶ֡ü°˲Ҫһӵϡ
Ǹҡ῵˴Ϊŭ
úÿŰɣϰ岻ʧġŵΣԷǳġ

˭ϡ
Ŀɨˡ
ߵ÷һۣԽڶߣ̲ңǷľⳡԼսǵʲá
ǰķѣûֵͷˣʹһͨƫƫã˵ǱһӵĻ𣬿Ŀǳ˺⡣
ûзˮڻн֮
Ƿ޶ˣһǹͬӭУܶǶˣǶˡµĻ÷һϣǷ޶š
ҿô񡣡Ц
÷һˣ÷˵ҲǼ£˴ûϹǵΪΪ׸
ѡһˣǶһҲǴʤ㡣
ܷѡ÷ռ˱ˡ
޳ܡŭ˵ʲôܶˣǷ޶һϣǴκҽ֣ôֻһˣ
㣬ҲǷһϣмЦһ
ŴŭҪ༥Ȼ˰֣ȴֹ
ЦЦ⣬ֿһۣһϣҶû
ѩɫаŭĵؼߣҲѿ
ߣȴܣеģмĿŰ˵ˡ
ǵ
սǰ˵ˣǶѩ壬˭վô˵
ߡɫѿû˵ʲô
ʹ⣬ҪƴܷȻӢۣȥԵ
÷ˣվ˳Уˣ˿ȥսĿռ䡣
ɡƽվ
ϡ
÷һۣȡԷǲ˿д󣬽ţ͵طŷ˶ٶȿ쵽˼㣬ɽ϶ͻȻһ磬ը
῵˺Ȼɫ䡣
÷ӰֻϡӰ˲͵˷ǰǵĻӦӦ
ؼ֮ǿɴ˿ɼһߣ˼ѹһεġ
Ĺϰܵô˶
ˡ῵˿ɼؼߣȴǿķ÷һһң˲˵˷ǰеҲ˷ϣ˵ĵؼߣ϶ʱ¶ϲɫ
ô㱾£ԭأ·ǱסƵģѩԺͷոתͷͿ˶
ٶһ㡣żһ㣬ױܿ˵Ĺ
ÿٶȡѩͫ͵һ˲ֳٶȣȻԼ
~
ŭһֺ÷͵ؽһƣ˵ȥ̸ı䣬˳ŷ˵ķȥٶȱ֮ǰ˼֡
žû÷ֻ֣֪֣ܺ͵ؼڽһսܶ˵ĵһιҲ㲻ӶĵڶΡ
һ仯ȷʵǳϡ
ڶ˵ĵһκϻʱͻи֪˾Ȼ˲ı䷽򣬽׷ᣬֹУ嶼ܾʤһʧԵ춨ʤ
е˼
΢΢һЦǺţۿɱǰɱⶼɼ
ʱѳɣҪٶ㿪Ͳˣֻܽӡ
һܵĻʱ仯
ʲô
÷ɫ΢䣬ڷһƼ䣬̸оΧĿ·úǲСѹҪƿЩǰò
˵ٶȣ
żһ㣬ݵ˿÷ĹȴΪٶȴ󽵣
֮ãȻип
һУʹ÷׹̶ǵǰǶԴ֮ʹá
֮ޱȣҲ쳣ѡ
½ʱ򣬷պ֮ˣԴ֮ʹãȴɽȭһС
ɽȭȻûһֵܵǶĸҲ
ͻƵ½󣬲ɽȭԴ֮գҲǸһ㡣
һ˿÷ҲǻָһۣЩ
ʲô£ʹɣҶš
ŭĻе˱ӣڿϷƵģǰʹ
÷һҲĲУһ˹æϣκαԷչ˿籩Ĺ
Χˣǿۻңῡˣ淽˰Ѻ
÷ҪˡѩͻȻ̾˿
Ϊʲôҿ÷ռϷ簡ǸȫѹˣֵĻᶼûУô䣿һؼ߲
ӳϿȷʵ÷ռš
㣬ռôõϷ磬û˵ѩ巴ʵ
Ǹؼһͣʱ˵
ûУǵûУǵӶѩص˼㣺ⲻʵǿռϷ磬ΪôҪǵĹʽĻˡ
ؼھǵؼڣȻԺ͵ؼһսҲһսˡѩǳ
÷ޣȷʵĬʹʵǣԺ͵ؼһս˵Ǿıȵϵؼˡ
Ƕѩ壬ڶȹ˸տʼĲӦ󣬾кüֶΣܽ˴ɢ
СӾȻǵؼˣؼ˶ѩ廰˼ɫʱˡ
ѩصĵ˵ͷ
СӣȷʵǸСѩɵ˼㣬ҲǵؼڣԸϬĹҲôɡ
С
Ȼͣ˽Ų˵Ѿ͸ҲûȤȥ
ͣ˰ȴ·ûͱһӻ÷ϲҲȫŷݺݴȥ
֪
Цһȭ͵˳ȥ
ϡ
ϡ
÷ɫ䣬Ǹо̵ǰʮ״Ҳ̲ȥָоײһǽ
һײȥʱײͷѪ

˵ϳأǶεǽҲ͵ײϣ˶ǿһѪڵȥ


380 һϰ

÷
תۼ䣬ͷֳʤ
վԭأɫЩ԰ףȴûκδˣǰ棬ƽѹŴ÷ȴڵ㱻ɳȥ
仯֮죬ѩҲǾԮ
~
ݺײ˺һϣϰꡢһ˻ĴȻѿ¡һ죬˵ϣȻ֮ͣܵ͵һѪ˵ɫ԰
÷ҪһЩɳȥķûϰɳ˼ʮ׺һأɫҲǺÿȥ
ؼߣ׷ˡ
ǿѩ˺Ȼɫ䣬ؼ߰ʵ緽ôױˣȴҲ𾪡
ϰ
ЩһôϰĶ֡
̫ˣ̫Եˡ
ߣ῵˶˫ĿŹ⣬˷ܵ˼㣬ǿսΣһֱĵţȿ÷˴ɣʱϲ
֪ϰ޵еġһЦûɹʤ
ԾģǷš
Ǻʵģ˵ˣȻôˡ
һ̣ŶԴ˴֮УҲͻȻġ
~
³һڳ
÷һȭɽȭͬǶԴ֮á
ȫԸɽȭˡ
ɽȭ̫õɽȭ÷Ȼ˳ܣҲǷˣˣ⻹ǷֵĽ
ʹɽȭĻˣĺͰ˲ˡ
棬һؼڵĶѩûг֣ʹùɽȭ󣬷ʵҲ½Ȼ½ʱӽ;ƿݣʵܵӰȴǱȻġ
԰˵Χ㷽ŵˣȴˡ
·Ժɱⰵ˵ˣҲ޼¡
˲ˡ
Ҳûкɱһ˼
ϣΪ˷ֻعΪð³ңҲΪ˲һ£ԼʵޣͰ˲ݵģοɱ˶ѩǣԷҲûκ壬Ϊ֪ԷڵأûʵԵĺôڵ̣еޣݷʱڣ˵ĵ̶ûȤ̰ͼ˵ġ
ôģûȤιǴѹˡ
˻ᣬɫָܿ
ڵ壬ֻҪʹɽȭڴ֮ʹþʹָܻ࣬ܿȻҪ½һЩʤܳ־á
ָҲƬ̵Ĺ򣬷תۿˡ
÷صԭŭĿӡ
˭Ҫ̵ֽģ
ô죿˵˶ѩ塣
ԭļƻϣ򲻰ܷҲҪĴʤͼȻô׾Ͱ˺ȫûС
ѩĿ˸Ҳǳ
һȭҲûģʤ
ڳ˵棬ʵǿûʤ㣬˵ˡ
ѵ˵ҪѷҵĲҵ³ѩпɬ
³ҲҵûʲôһڻܵӰ죬Ȼһͷ䣬԰˵ȴġ
һˣͰѰ˴ĵͷ䣬鴫ȥ˵ڣԺҪβˡ
֪ˣͲôǿӲͷЭ̣ڲ˼ǰ£ҵ˺Ͳҵ³Ҳûнˡ
Ⲣǲܵġ
Ҫģֻ³Ҳҵͷҵˣڴˣ˫ûʲôԹûҪôһУȻΪ˵԰ȴǴôһλᡣ
£ûкҩġ
ѩ˿
Ŀ⣬ڶѩϣ·ܿ͸ƵģѩûɵЩ顣
ûһĶ֡ѩ
˵˶ĬΣȴ޿κΡ
ǣǰ˾ô䣬޿ܡѩȻ
µĿ
ǲɣֲô䣬ǺǣĪǴһ𣿡
ѩ΢죬ȴûгǳ˷˵
Уֲ䣬ǾҪһϣԶˡ
޳ܡ
Ҫ
῵ߣ׷ŭʱҲ˶Էݡ
֮Ľ棬ֲǵ߳ˣˣһϣ˵ռ˱ˡѩ
ҡҡͷ
ѩǳ׿˼ˣ˵Ҳһĵ
󶥼Ľ棬Ȼ޵Уû˴Ĺ˶ˡ
һϰɣߣҺͷˡ
ȻĽ棬Ҳ˷ţҲڸֵĻᣬűһӻҲڱԹۣܲս֮á
ˣ˼Ȼǲս
лϰ塣Ŵϲһݣ˷ԣŭŰˡ
Ҳ˺󡣡ѩͷ˵
һս˼߲岻֡
ˣˣվ˳С
һսǻˣ׼ˣ𣿡Ц
ѩһ죬ܿƽһս䣬Ҳ޻˵ĸԸ䣬ѷҵһжԭⲻ³
仰ѩ˵ĵʵ
ˣ˵ĿֲҲκβ˶෽µĵˣҲûʲô˵ġ
΢΢ͷ
ϰ壬Ըŵ
֪˶ûˣʵ֮ϣҲ÷ˣʤ㣬÷ŮϺԹȻȻѡ
áͷ
еӺһս𣿡һŭ
ʲôҡŭҲӵĻ𣬶ԷŸʹޱȡ
÷һԵĵĿȻȴѹûŷʵڷ֮ϣȻˣҲ·š
ŴߵһԣҲǲʾ
âϾͶһ
һϰɡʣˣ
ѩЦһȡԼĳãŷ˹

һΣƾնһɫԵţŴ󺣵Ϣ
һΣʱͶѩĳײһ
~ѩһֻеӷĽһɾӿ˹ǿҲǿƲסź󷽵ŵŵŵվס
ϸԼĳȻһȱڡ
ѩʧɫ
÷Ľǿʵû뵽ں򸾴ʱ򣬾Ȼûóȫⳤ;ûʹá
ѩ岻֪ǳʵĻҲͽ൱ϳȴռѹԵơ
һϡѩ



381 ޵
÷ؼߣæͶѩһ˷񹥻
ĸؼߣһؼڡ
㷽ʵɲ⣬ҲǸеѹСصĻų˵Ĺ
ûһˣܺͷ࿹⣬ཻѩ廹һЩ÷ˣȴܵļѪ
ǷҪĶԸˣ¶ܽѪˡ
½㣬Դ֮ոһڴɽ֮һ֮գȻҲԭ̤
һһס˵عơ
ǷҲܳʤ׷޷þ˵Ĺͺѵ
Խȥ÷Խ𾪣ģҲҡ
ǰֱһ̲űɣԭΪֺͷĲҲ֣ȻûкôĬȴжѩĵؼڴڣʵͬնΪȡʤ׾١
֪֮ǰóģͲʵ
ʹʵǷˡ
ʶβ÷ܴ
Ҫģֲ˶áѩȵ
˵ĹƸܼҾ˺ͷĳײޱȣǵǶ֡
飬Ҳǽо˾޴ѹ
˵Ĺͬɽ㣬ӿҲǸе֧š
~ƾ㣬Ҳսʤң΢΢ЦȻ佣һ䣬ɫԲţɢܡ
ϵбһЩȻܣ֮ӿţȴγһβˣ鲼ڷ
ˣϸо˱仯
ǸоԼĹͬ˴֮УһĲӿ͵ĹҪУóٻСȵ˷ǰʱȴǿ׽ˡ
÷ĸȻ
ǰʱĸо࣬ŲͬǰǼӲҪƿȴᣬĲ˿ǵ
ʲôȻ˿ֲĽ÷е˼㡣
û˵˵ĽܴﵽֵزϾִᣬܽڽ֮ϵԽԽˣߵʵǿ󣬵ǵյȣҲͬĳ뻯
~
һ仯ѩ˶ʱӦץסᣬһӣ˵նϡ
˾һæˣеİɫ

ЦһսҲǽ֮չֵ쾡£˵ʹ졣
͵һӣַɳΪһɫ⻪ݺݵĴ˰һŴڡ
ûڵǾĲڡ
ҲռǱˡЦ
ӵ˳һΣΪ˹ȥ
֮ڷܻɢȥ
صĴ֮ɢݿ
գۼ䣬͵˶ѩǰ͵һ˳ȥ֮ӿţγһεľǽŶѩѹȥ
ξǽûѩɫ䣬о˳·ʲôȻѹԼƵģеɽѹ
ʲôѩ󺧣ʱҪҲֻܷǰһȭ
~
Ƶ졣
ѩֻеһ𣬽һѪƲɵӿ˹ѩɼźʮŸеһɣһƨ˵ϣɫҰס
ѩĳһƺ󣬷ûͣһǵ÷ǰһ˳ȥ
÷ɫ䣬еۺޱȵͬһ¾ǽӭʵԶѩ壬ǰһƣֻǳһ룬ͱɳȥʱӲҽֱ۶ϳأһ·׷ɳȥѪ
~
Ųһ̤ٶ˼£תۼ͵ǰ֮ӿţȺ˳ȥ
ۣۣ
˿Ѫһڵʮ׳Ĺ֣˹ȥһùЩͷһ£ܲһϵ¶֮ɫ׼ʱ򣬷ȴǴ˵ϡ
䡣
͵һ𣬾һζеĵطһ׿ӡֳۣѺۣĿġ
˶סˣһߴĲµķźˣҲ͵ط˿ĳ
ݣͬһ㣬Χ˶ɫֵˣȴȫˡ


382 黹
Ӯˡ
῵¶ϲ֮ɫ˷ܵ˼㡣
Ȼĸؼ֮սڳ䶨Ȼݸһ㣬˵ĸؼߣ˶ѩһ⣬ȫˣĽʲôɻɵġ
ĸ˰ĸˣһǵؼߣϰ徹ȻӮ
̫ǿ̫ǿˣֱ޵С
һ̣῵г𾪣ԷĳҲǴﵽǰδеĶ㡣
ʲôܱĿøӰ
޵еͷӡ῵˵Ժ
ŷЦȻͬޱȣܿͷӦ˹ܵˣʹ쵽˼㡣
֮ɫжǲ˼顣
ôҲ벻Լߵ˾ȻˣǵˣҰܵô졣
ĸؼ߰Ҷѩ廹ǵؼڡ
ⲻܡͲţĿҲǳ˿־塣
ķǺεʵ
˾Ȼ˿µĵˡ
֮ǰԼ˻ЦԴ󣬾Ȼһž͸ϳȫΪ֪ЦȴԼ
ɡʱ̣ץס˻ᣬ͵ع
˺ܿսһš
ֻǶ־߰ȴǻ̻̲գʵӲټˣϾ·磬ȫһȭؿڣ͵һѪ˹غ«
ˣܡ
~
³һڳоڵָš
Ѹ򵹶ѩˣҲȫԸһĴζ˴֮Ҳʹ帺ɽӽ˼ޡ
ʱ򳾰䶨ŵ滺ҲǸеƣʹɽȭҪöˣҲѸٻָš
ˡĿ⣬˶ѩϣ
ѩɫѿ˼㡣
һƣĵ˵ϣǹƲɵǿڻҲǿ־岻ѡ
Ŀ⻷ܡ
ѩ忴Լߵ˼ߣɫӸɸƵģؼߣҲȫˣ˻Թȥ⣬˵ɫҲȫǿ־壬ûаս⡣
ˡѩͷ
ǻȥ󣬻Ὣҵ˺ͲҵȫӰ̡
δսͷѩʮֿɬ
Ѿ¶˾ģԺ뷽ԽԶԽãνѵʧܣ˿ֲĵˣҲȥǡ
΢΢ͷ
˴֮УĿѾﵽ
ð˵ͷ䣬ǲԼʵ
ڵķʵޱǿ󣬼ǶؼһϣҲκá
߰ɡһصԣǶޱȿȵĿ⿴ŷ
Ȼʤѷ֣ҲûмıҪˡ
һ˺ܿɽ
ϰ壬ӮˣȥʱΏһŵɫ̫˼ˡ
šˣͬĵͷ
֮ǰûȻӮôɣΪһսŵġ
оϣͺ˲һƵġԴ
ЦһΪϰ̫ǿˣԲԵðȥʣ˭Ϊġ
ǵؼߣѹˡ
ῺٺһЦûз
ϣ˵˻ʵİǷҵĲҵ³𣿡һ̲סʵҪ֪ڰ˲ѷȫˣҪȫ³԰˵Ȼ
ǲòΪ֮Цڵѹȥ
ܵȻأôãǵˣ˶ѩ⣬ĸˣ˵ʵܵ˼ȻؼûҲ޼£ڣҲǰΣյʱ򡣡
ڵİˣʸֶΣ˽£Ȼ߲Ҫģһ죬ǾҪһ죬ȶ껹Ҫء
죬죬Ǿͻҷҵ˺Ͳҵȫ͹ָŵ
û˵ֻţڷŵжϣҲʮͬ
ˣԲʲôġ
ǣʧȥǸ
̬֤˷ͷŵжϡ
˵ٶȷǳĿ죬ɽһսʱ򣬷ҵҪʹ˷ɻפĵط
ͬģа˵һλ˼ߡ
ˣɽֹģǺͷ㽻ӣѩµǣϧһдۣ˽¡
ȻԷΪ־壬ҲӲͷƤˡ
ûС鷳Ȥ
ҺͰ˽Ḷ́Ҳû¶档
ҵˣտʼʱǻ̻̲ģ֪˻ôǣ˵ˣҲû˼ǽʲôŵʱ򣬸ǸеͷΪ˰ѷҲץסˡ
Žͣϰ˵һԵͷҳȷϣԼ˵þˡ
ķˣǱͷʹޣҲǴӵá
῵ˣڷ£Ȼȥˣͬеģзҵˡ
ͶУǷҵľһνѣҵ˸һ̶ϴˣ󲿷˶ͬǰٺʡ
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ͷţȻҲû뿪
ޱȵϣ˵ӦҲǼ⴦ج֮أ˫֮ĽӿޱȣڵڶͻѾɡ
ҵˣǨƵٺʡµĲҵܴߵҲһˣһЩȫ˽Ǯ
š
ڣ˸ǰ˼緶˵ڵİˣʱڣзһڣֻʳѰ
󣬷ͷţصС
ˣҲӻ
˵տʼ뿪ʱ߶ٻЩĵĻôλȴֻʣ˿ϲ
ϷΣ˵ϰðˣǷҵȫ³˵ûɡ鼫á
ҲϲЦտ
ʱʱеʱ˵ĻԼʹˡ
ĿϬŸпţʱԼЩĻԷֻԼһؼȥսӴİˣҲЩ΢ʣûжٵڵȻ̬˸һٰʮȴת䡣
뿪⼸죬ҲǷƽ˾
صãٰһᣬӭҵʽ롣
ڣңؼ߷棬˷⣬Ҳͷˣ˲СĹģҲ˼ĽȻ̷滹޷ЩȽϣ˭СС
ۻ֮󣬷źܿǡ
ڵķңҲûõóֵҪַٺʡ仧ȵһаһ
һս
˳˸ưͿȻţߣȻ⣬῵ˣȴޱȼĽʱս˵˳
һʮʮ١ٶȣ˻ġ
½Ծ



383 
һսܿ촫˻ġ
½Ծ
Ͼҡ
նһ۵ĴϣȻҽԺһŬվ˴ϵλãֻ֮ǰҪࡣ
ҲǸֱܵ仯ԷʹޣûзʡԼǨŭ˱ϣƢҲǱñ
ʲô
ӵ֮սϢʱ򣬴ֻ飬ؼߣҲȫУණҵ˼ߡ
Ϊ֮ǣԴֻҪǹڷشϢҪһʱ䴫ֻ飬Ҳ֪أֻдֽԵĴϡ
ֽдŵһ֣˵ĴϾһͻȻʧˣɫҰޱȣȻλϣ˷·һ˲
ʲô£
ֽϣдʲô
ؼ߸ǳѯ
һ仰û˵ֻǽֽĬĬݸؼߡ
˿Ҳ¶ԶƵľݡ
ֻֽһ֡
һսսˣѩҲսʤ
ܼ򵥵һ仰ȴ˾κˡ
˶һۣףΪʲôһ˲䣬ôǷϡ
Ŀãն´һۣ֪Ǻεʹ޷ʱ޿ű𣬾֪ϺͼԷЩĶУƺڳﻮʲô
ȻһϢһشݺݴ˴ϡ
ĳɳʵֲ̫ˡ
ϴηϾŹȥð
Ȼĸؼ֣Ƿˣ滹һؼڰ
һʱ䣬ܲؼߣʧ

Уܲ
˼飬ǲ˼顣ߺ˾˪õı棬𾪡
Ѿȷϣġ˾˪һ
µˡ߱۾
˾˪صĵ˵ͷ
ռʱ򣬻죬ʱķȻҫۣ޷ƽ֮˳ͻҲǸˡ
֪ģƫƫˡ
Һãǵĵˡ˾˪ͻ߶һۣж֮ɫ
ΪͳˮԵʣ˾˪ʮָм֮á
ǻͨޣĽ鱨ȻûʽˣȻǺƵġ
С˪㲻Ǿ߶Ҫȥп𣿺Ǻǣһ⣿ͻȻЦ
˾˪΢ϾͷӦ˵ͷ
죬ǾȥС

ǶҺţнӵϢȫ֡
ʱǲʶʮ۵Ķڲ֪䣬ȻɳӴĵزЩӪƶȣǺѷɫ
УЩǽȻͬ
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˼ת䣬е𾪣еļʣеϲáһ㡣
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û۾𣿡·鱾Ͳã·ŪӶӣҲһϰϣȥףԲѣС̯Ҳһߵķ顣
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386 
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387 ˵
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Ҫȥ𣿡лѩʵ
˵ͷκܻܿ
˵ȥһˣΪĵرԭأιȥҪҲǹ۲һµΣܶ˽һЩĵرѶϢ㹻ˡ
ܿ쵽
Խһ󣬷ͺȥ
ߣз򣬷ҲģҲͽˣΣյϾתƻá
ܿͻ˵Ҳ̫ġ
ǸصĹȷʵ÷ʮֵļɵ
Էһ϶Ҳĵĵرġ
ٺʡܱʡݣı֮½ϯȻֹһεۿ֮½ڣеͷʼ½ҫ⣬ûбĵĵر
һ֣Ҳ÷Щɵ
֮½Ҳܵģͬһڲ۾ͱҫյѹȣʧȥá
ݷ֪һЩܵ±֮½޷ʾĵر
Ͳ֪ǸһˣȻҲпܣԷڱ֮½⡣
ԷĪ⣬ʱҲûʲôð취ֻܵȶԷˣȻ㣬Աġ
󣬷̤ɽʡء
ûмŶɽʡʡס
٣Ȼûص˵ɽʡһ̣Ǳˡ
ˣҲͰˣɷǺε˳ԼҵϣǸǲӵġ
ǾɽʡǸӦԡ
סǼҾƵ꣬ܿͱ졣
ڣһЦ
סڸڵģ֪صĶһӣҲڷķڣĵȴš
ǵķӦġЦæվ߹ȥš
ϰ壬ֻˣȻʲá
Ƭ̺һС˽
ؼߡƳ˶Էһۣۿ˲Ϳ˶Էʵ
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ҲǣǵؼߣǷһ֮üؼߵģ˼ߣҲ̫أǸ˼ߣҴһڣǴ˵
ɽ٣ܡС߹
ɽᣬǵصĶ
ãμ档
Щš
ԷҪ˵ƭˣǵؼڣɵؼڵĶѩ壬һƴſ°
ǣֲò
ΣҪ⣬װƵĻʲô£ǾɽѺʧ
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ʲôֱ˵ɡֹ٣˵
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⻰ŵĿ΢΢ͷʱ˿
ýš΢Цιͻ뿪ҪΪȥԴͷһڱģûκȤ
֪Լ˵٣ɽᣬ󷽷˵
ȥԴͷ棿Щ㶡
شԳԤ֮⣬뷽ͣҲ⣬ˣһǻѪģʵǿҲǶʮ˰ˡ
ÿ궼һΣɽҲ֪ɣξƼϰŹġһ˵
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ÿ궼ɽʡȷʵ֪ģǰûҲȥԴͷǱȥѲûʲô쳣Ҳˡ
Ȼķǲһεġ
Ȼô˵Ҳֻѡţൽʱֹעˡ

΢ϻعкηԸ
ǹ棬Ҳûʲô֣᷽ĻṩһЩԼг˵
ٴϲҪܾܾҲȥܾ̹Ȼǵ˴֣֤˴ûбͼ
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ϰһĸԸġЦңɽ
΢΢һЦ
ͬõĴȻҲǲͬġ
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ȻҪҪҲʲôҪʲôҪһǣҪԼվ
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ɽʲô˼ֱɻϰװը;õ֮ĻҲǸ鷳
֮ĲޣܸɵԼĻᣬɽǲģϾҪԼģͷŻЩɵ
׵ضܽôһֵĻҲԥϾгɳ˶ԣǺ¡
˵ԷʵҲ¶ԷС
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һҹ޻ȵڶʱٰŵ͵λ
˳ӣ˾һߣĬԡ
˾⣬ûбˡ
Ȼ֪أ֪ǸҪΣҪһֵ˰ˡ
ˣҲǾ໰ĬĬִԼʹ
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˳еĵط˳ͽУǵĽеĵطҲƽزࡣ
˾ԭأûи
˵ǵطȺɽУܿ͵ĿĵأһСصУΧȺɽ
ϰ壬ǸˡЩ廳
΢΢ͷſۣܣǧ׷Χڣȫ۵ףȻϸɨȥȴûзκһĵر
ΪԤϣҲûʧ
ɣ죬棬ȻС˵
Ҫжв㡣
΢źԥĵ˵ͷ
Լ֮˷ͷ¡
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뿪һξ󣬷ʩչ˶ȥһͨ˾ͿԼˣŽһݣεķ罫Լɵ˿С
һʱ䣬СΪģԲһ顣
ĵرڸĻӦòᳬôԶΧڻûУǾûˡ
ķٶޱȣܿ͸һУȻûĵĵرɵǷ͵Ƚ׵ĵرһһĵرһǶĵرҲǲС
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Ҳĵرⲻ⣬ιҪϣҵԷϢġ
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ڣٱţǧڵĳһһչֳɽڲǱ˼ĵطӲӳա
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ţ
ʱ򣬷һڣͻȻһ
ǰĹҲ͵ͣסˣһչڷǰ
е˼΢ҵһܵĳ
ɢ˹ӰĿܿ䵽˱ӳճʵڣһʱĿĵطȥ
Ƭ̺󣬷һƬɭϷͣ
ǱˣҪԻȥΪһïܵɭ֣ùӰӳճģȴڲɲǻ°
·ȥܿ죬ʹľ
ŷһΧķʱΪһƬƬУи·ľеķ飬÷ͨ䡣
Լ½ʮף·Ȼһգڲľ
ʮڣȫľ֦ҶԵĲҲɭ֡
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һҫմռȡ˳ڷġ
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ʱɽȣ磬ϸ쿴
ɽȵСһ򳡴СΧɽ壬ɽΧס
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ЩľӦĵرӰĽд󶨡
ڻϿȷӦþĵرĵط
ЩľǿΪ֮ĽȻĻ̶ֳȣϾľǺ͵ƽеҳƷǳˡ
ûĵرϢҫշڿУȥܿɽȷһȦûиоĵرϢ
Ȼ뿪ܶˣʹĵرϢȻ޴档
ҪҵĵرĺۼѶϢҲҪա
ķϵɽȣ޷÷ȷĵرЩ
ţ
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ղţĿɨȴǷйâһ
̧ͷС̫ҫգһɵǴ䣬һӣķӿ˳ܿ콫Ƭϰﴵĸɸɾ
Ŀ⣬ĶͻȻһҲ¶Цݡ
һɷ紵˳Ͼŵһ͵˷С
ᾧá
ģһᾧ
ƹСˮ͸ıʯԶԶȲ
ᾧĵرľҲܿһЩĵرʣȻܱ࣬һ֪ĺá
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Ȳ˵ᾧ̺ѶϢᾧķģĽ½߲㡣
һƷᾧ̺Ҳǲ࣬ĴС֪ǶʮۣҲ⡣
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֪ûбᾧɽȡ
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ҫյĹԱ鲼ɽȵÿһ䣬ᾧӨ͸ߵĻͺױ֡
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ѵ˵ԺһᾧƷʲƷƷƷֻյˣΪҪȫգ˵ûȽϾֹͣԲЩ߽ϣƷҲƷ
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һĵرǲȥᾧģᾧǶôᷴȥء
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ʮа˾ţԡ
£ҪҲô׵ġ
ĵرҪĥϵ飬ҪռĵرĺģҪмҵ
ĵϵĵر̫ǿˣ̣ܾˣЩᾧǱĵرбֲܵģ֮󣬵ԵĵرᾧָͲö֪ˡ
ô˵ĻԺתģһЩ硣
Ʒᾧϣٰյˣĵر״
Ҫᾧ౻մ˵ڵˣ϶͵Ȼ޴棬֮ǰٶҲҪͷʼ
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ΪûгɰǧĻˣǰۻյֲˡ
˵Ӱ쵽ҪôҪôָһЩǰԶԶ޷ȡ
ĻۣҪʱģԣҲһ͡
δҫǺεȿֲۻһйؼ˲仯Ϊɻңһ·ֱ;һжΪɻҡ
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ڷֵȴ˵ˣĵرǿ״̬
ĻǿԴ⡣
һˣǲˡ
ȻûҵԷλãվģֻҪȵ֮½ȥվΡ
ԵĵرǺγɣķԣҲǼģõİĴ
ңĵرΪʲôᵮԣǷ²ϵԺδ
һУǷǳȤġ


391 
ˡ
ȷɽڣûԼȤĶ󣬷ԥĳ
ǿٳͨ˿С
ȻѾҵĵرڣĵطҲûҪѰˣѲûĵرģֻ˵ĵرȴ۶ܵĵصǷҲ޿κΡ
ᾧܳڱĵطᾧֲĵرҲֲˣ˱𴦣Ҳҳ
УȥԼӰж·󣬳źԼõؿٷȥ
λȥȻǲͬ
ҲΧķ羰
ӿȥз羰һţ·͵ɽϪҲǸеؿ
ԭشգΣҲһƬƽ
֪䣬صСء
ĿܿͿ
ͬڷĿĵѰҪΪ˼ûô߶ֻܿص
Զ˶ǰС
ϰ塣
ʱ¶ϲɫ
׼ȥɡЦ
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ǵһôҵء
˺̤ܿ˹̣ȵ³еĵط΢
ǰ뿪ʱҲû˾˵ʲôʱԷߣҲ⡣
˾ôҲǸ˼ߣǰۣǷ棬Ҳ쵱ǵ˾ҲͰˣĿĵģ֪Ҫ϶ãûܵˡ
Ȼλȴ֣ӻͣԭ
˵мԡȵȻ졣
΢΢ͷ
ߵǰ΢֣Ȼڣȴʧˡ
һΪǺǣˡҡҡͷ˾ѳˣһʱ󣬴žʧȥġ
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ûʲô⣬ͷ֣ûˡ
ţȵȡüͷ΢һЩ쳣
ӵ״Բ
ڱǵһ࣬мȭۣȥĿģҲˣԱҲЩҡ
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Ǻε۹⣬Ȼó˾뿪ûãϵȭۣһСʱǰȥġ
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û˵ֻ΢΢ҡҡͷ
á
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ǡ󺧣̲ס˲Լ۾ǹڣǻþԼĲǻþ
оԼΣʩչֶΣû˵ֱǷ˼
۾Ȼɴ󣬸𾪵ĿŹ
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棬ֻͣһ˲ϾͿʼ仯ĳ
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ĿɿڴĿŹ˶סˣԺһƬհס
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ϰ嵽ʲô𺧣ͻȻЩ׹Ϊʲôɳô죬һʱ䣬һͨˣǿ
Ƭ̵ͺҲǺܿعĿ⣬Ҳǳ˾η
ܸôһλϰ壬ĸзڣе𣬸޷赲ģһ̣ǰδеļᶨԼͶУͶľǳҡ
ҵˡ
һæŹȥֳֻһϪԶǸɽˣ˾⣬кüˡ
ӹչֵĳԿ˾ĴΣա
Ϲȥɫ΢˵ָɢ˹Ӱ
ӰܵӳԲǧڵĳ²⣬˾϶뿪ԶȻûãùӰҵ˶Է
Ŀĵؿٸȥ
;УƳпصı飬΢΢һ
ʩչӰҲΣʱ֧ҲԵ̫ˣԺԼñ֪Ҳ
ӰȷݵصôҪ˷Ҳ⣬Ҵк󣬷ϸ۲ŶԷ֪ûʲôģĵͶȻˣҲʲôš
û뵽һʩչӰȴʹأȴջ
ӰӳҲȷλã˵ٶȣһң͵ǴϪȡ
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㣬ҹҵδޣ涪һɶҲ̧ͷȳޣɱܸݡӺ
һ߿ѪһߴЦʲôӵܣ滨ƵأĶС۾Ͳ֪ж٣Ϊ˵õıĸףżʧȥĹǣ˵ʲôδޣޡ

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ȵȵȣ·ģǱģʵߡЦһ˸ƣ⼸˶ᡣ
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˭ʲôոտһ˾ӭס˷ҲʮֵĲ
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ǲˣȫ˼ߣǿһҲ˼ڣʵǰɱˣ첻
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Էɲʶǣôֻ˵һ֣ɵȻʵԶʤˣҲҪֲа
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Сù˶ǰһϣһȸ߶ˡ
֪ĶЦ
ǱĴӵո߸߹ȫѪжǿ־塣
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˭˵ǲʶǵ˾һ·ԹǿûйҲп͡Ц
⻰һӵĶʱ˹ȵס
ԭΪֻ·ƽԼúõǸһĴ죬Ҳܽҹȥ֪Էʶǵ˾
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ۿʱˣ鼤£
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395 ⳥
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396 Ӧ
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397 
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ĵرγ֡
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ΪȱᾧԺϸͷ
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ڷΪȡԵĵرͷ۲ѵʱ
С
ܲ
桢˾˪ûĵؼһãǰһųĺ
˵Ŀ⣬ҲǶϡ



398 Ϲ
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400 
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ĵرž졣
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ϾһĵرҲ죬ڸˣ沼һѺۣû޸á
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401 ׷
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ԷԵĵر˵ַδЧֻҪпܣ᳢ԡ
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𹥻Ļڣ˷ûֵܵ
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ԵĵرҪûԵĵر
߾ǰֽͿĨǰѾͼҪԼȻ쳣ѡ
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Եĵر߱ɳԣһ㣬ԶûԵĵرɱġ


404 
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ϾϵպǿȣȻϣ񱻴ԽǿԽãҲƥԼ档
ӰԵĶԿڰڲϵĳɳţǿҲԽԽ
ҪǣûΣա
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ԱѹޱټǺɣĵرϲߣȻǿ˲ıԴ÷ѣһΣԲߣֶԿ
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ԭЩŭ飬ʶ񲻶󣬾ƽˡ
û취ʰԣ߻ûǿȫ޿κεĵزǷֵܽҲͲļˣԳʧȥֵǰᶯǸ취
չԣڵԶԶȲǻۣҲ֪ڽҲϾʶ㣬ֻҪĵ̴ﵽĳޣϾͻзײȥ
ֻԼûʶԷԽԽͣٶȣҲԽԽ졣


405 
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кģֹһˣ˶иԵԵ˵ߴ˵֡
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ˣҸǽߣʯ˿ӣɢݳҸ׸ܵˣʶԼ񵽱ˡȻ취ʯ棬ŪŴš˾˪˵
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⵹ǿǲ뵽Ȼ֪ᡣ
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406 
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ſռ䣬óһ裬ţͬʱһشӽŵ·չ
Ŀ⵭ȻڽƷ裬
Աߵ֣㶼Ӱ첻
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˴ţһ뿿ֱһȥͻԷͼ
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Ƭ̺󣬷Ĳ豭վȥʱڸ棬Ȼ󣬾뿪˴˵أȻ١


407 Ф
飺ĵرܷųһƬ⣬Ի֮Ч
վһĽҰ⣬ĵر⼫飬ǴӺոȡĵر
ĵرԷڵʵҪ׵Ķ࣬󣬸׾١
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Ŀ⿴ȥȻּʧأԶıõڣĳԽȥڼ棬ǻ᲻涫ԻסԴԻ
Ǻε䣬ͽԼԻ
ⶫȻǶĵرǹؼʱóǻЧȻͨ˵󣬳޷԰ΣվҲ֪˵ߣʵʵԽǿģԽײΣգӶѹ
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ҡҡͷɢȥǰ⣬Žʼ½ղ
ȡĵһĵرеõģ÷ͣĸڶĵرλá

һʮһĵرһĵرʣµĶǶĵرĵرһûС̵ջ
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ڵı֮½ûŵĵ̣ҲǷֲǵڱ֮½ķչͷҪ̫á
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ԭǱԵشϸĿȥ׹
źɫ⣬ֵλãڱ֮½ıԵ
Ҫ֪֮½ʱ̶ţÿһ붼µر뱾֮½ķΧɫ⣬Ϊڵĵطոձ֮½ϯ˳Ƿ©
Ȼڶܿ췢֣ĵرλãȻƶϸһ˿ɫ
λñ䶯˵ĵرǲﲻģĵرͲܷˣӦʱȡߣ˭Ҳ֪Ժ
ĵرȻ̫ϡѱ֣ģûУҲͷȼߵϣͶ¯УҲǲСջ
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㣬ϾˣҪдһָͣҪȥͣȥʲôŮָФ
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Ф硣֣֮ǰŮĶԻġ
ƯŮȵ̧ͷʱһ죬¶ɫ˭Ҳʶ㡣
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Ф磬ĴŴ֪ţӵܳҲȱǮҪŪĵرס
ĵرڱԷ˵ɾ鷳һЩǵ˻˵ֱȡ߾ˣǺİˣȴ˾ߣⲻ·
ǹɽǸһۣȡᡣ
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408 ͹
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Фɫ䣬ԺԼᱻǿ°ʱһֻȴǶȻԱ˹һ󺺵־ͱ
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ܰңФ翴ŷżϣ漴ҡͷУⲻܣ㲻֪ϼжǿ
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˵ͷô˵㲻Ը⣬𣿡
ҲԸ⡣Фԥ
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һ⣬Ҳŷߵˣȫס
ȻҶ֡
Ȼŷҷ
ŷߵˣţԼ۾
Įһǳ˸ԣһŰ߷ڵأڵϻȥʮײǽϣѵš
ԭôǵģǵ죬̫ˡ˦˦֣
֣ﹷġߣ˶۾Ź⣬һ󺰳ͻƽҲǿٳ˳ȥŷҵȺУʼȭߣɱķ
ŷЩˣĺѣбµûмǵĶ֣޵ģܿ챻ŵڵء
ôĵӡŷĻſ־塣
û뵽ȻĸҶ֡
ѵŷҵıǻǿްԵĴڡ
ŷֻеһŽ׵ɵסˡ


413 
תۼ䣬ŷ¶ڵأֻʣŷŵˡ
Ŀ⣬ŷϣһŷȥ
¾͵Ϊֹ㲻ҪǾ͵ʲôû˵үе𡣡ɫһ࣬ȵ
ֻУһЩɫζ˾ĳ
ˡ
Ҷ֣벻
ŷҲӲҪ跽ʱ˵䣬Һͺϡ࣬ŷҫһҲ͹ȥˣҲý̨Ȼ⳥ǿ϶ġ
˵뷨ҲûֹԼĻᣬ֪鱩ˣͲתĻᡣ
ң
Ҿʮȥ
ҲǴֲҲֻŷҵͷסŷද֣Щ£⣬Ҳʹˡ
ŷҺôͷϧŲסҡ
㡭ɫ䣬شһŷ˹ȥ֡
һߵįlҲͬʱ˳ȥ
γû뵽ϷĶ֣ҲûЯȻ˫ƺȴҲǾ֮վĽģе
˵˼һģΪǿ
̫ˣȻôţҲǸǿС
ˣȫվԶûЦĿãսܰ˵ؼߵġ
ߡһЦƮƮǰĳһơ
һɳȥȻӭˣȴɫ䡣
ǸоǰƺһεľǽبǰƲɵѹ˹·µ¶û·
ʲôƷ˺Ȼɫ䣬漴ȫ顣
˵ƣݺݵӡξǽϡ
䡣
һ죬ɣţźһȥµĵذ屻˲ȳĽӡͷ·һ¼᲻ɴݵľǽһ·ˡ
˵߲ʧ˶۵һ͵³Ѫɫò԰ޱȡ
ôܡŷɫһӱޱȲҰס
ˣ׸ŵĻǵؼڵĽߣһȫ֣ȻһƸѪˡ
ٽһơվԭأζûлһ£ʱǰ̤һ͵ǰһ˳ȥ
ŷĶξǽһѹ˹ȥ
˵ɫ԰ֽĸоȻҲֵסһȭ۵һ˶ǵֱײǽϣǹһƵģ
ǽѿ϶·ʱѿƵġ
⻹ʵǿԵʣ˷򻻸ʵһģһȥǽƱҪ򴩵ġ
ͨͨ
ˣǽϻƵڵϣá
һʱ䣬ŷҵˣվŵģ͵͵עһսģиԶƵĿ־塣
ơ
ƣʹؼߡ
Ǻεʵ
űϾǴţûĸ𺳡
һ̣ŷҵ˶ҡ
֣ջƣԺ˼ŷȥ
ƣĲ󣬺׾ͻָˡ
ҪҪԼŷɫ䣬æĺˣﻹǰưţһŲ·С־嵽˼㡣
ȷʵˡ
ˣһƴѪ˼ˡ
ңͰˣ˼ŷҵݡ
˵ʱŷΪ̫ңһ㲻ȣˤ˵ϣ־Ŀŷ
ߵǰӸµĿŷ࣬漴¶м֮ɫһ֣סŷ죬
ŷߣȷȻʱŷȴСƵġ
Ҷңŷͼ
¡һ㲻ͼңڶ˵ŷҵˣӣҽ춼մ󡣡
ҺܲˬŷҺ˲ΪҾͲҶ𣿡Цţ¶ĳͲмȻ䣬һӣһ˦ŷϡ
ž~
ŷϣһӡ
ҡŷ۾̺ˣĲ
ž~
һƣ˦ŷϡ
žžžһֻŷ࣬һֲֻϳŷգܿ죬ͺΡ
ĮһƵĳŷϡ
Χŷҵˣţҿ
Ըޱȵǿơ
㲻˵ҲҴ
ʵж֤׸Ҳҡ
ŷݣ˭ֹ
Ƭ̺ŷҲԲ׵ĸͷƵģֻʣ¿־塣
Ӷ˦֣˳ȥ
ҹתȵŷҵﻹ֨ǿߵĶˣæĴӵ̧ŷˣŶΨԼߵ̼ߵһɶ


414 ǰϦ
ŷҵһߣϾֹ˾ʱָ
¥ݿǱߣм̽ͷ̽ԣĿɨȥæ˻ȥ
Щˣⶰд¥У˾ˣȻǼӴĳˣ͵͵ֵģϾֹ˾ߵ£ɳǵҲʶҹ˾
ţĿɨ¥ݿǱߣһӿ첽˳϶Цݣ˵ں顣
ǣ΢ղſȥȻ֮ǰǼ͵棬û뵽žð˳ȻҲ¥Ǳߣĵȴﳾ䶨
ⶰд¥ϰ塣ޱһԵѡ
΢΢ͷûʲôӵȤתͷޱؽ㣬ˡ
õġޱæӦ飬Ҳķ£ɫӭӡ
Ǻˣ߻Ͼֹ˾ڲޱİ칫ҡ
ϰ壬Ǹˣŷҵ˰ŷҵ죬ֹ
ȻݺܴʮʹϣΪһʱ֮죬ϰվ
ŷ֪ͷ˵
ϼ֮һް԰ĶȻ֪ġ
ŷһν췽֮һŷ࣬Ȼ˼ߣؼڵ˱ŷеĵλܸߣ⵱ȻûʲôϵӦĳŷҵ߲㣬϶ʮ۰ŷ࣬ŻؼȻҲ֪ŷҵ߲㶼ЩˣؼߣŷҲֻ˰ˡ
ؼߣϾǷǱѰ
ŷؼصΪϾֹ˾鷳ɳģԿı֮
˶һۣǻģǲ˽ŷңڿ˽⣬һ˽ıǻ࣬ڶǰͲ³ˣŷĲ򵥡
ϰ壬ȻˣŷŷĳŷǸô죿ԥ£̲סʵ
ǲġЦЦ⣺ΪǸ֪ҵʵͰһսǻᣬҲδؾȫԸˡ
˵۾ʱ
ĻȻû˵͸˼ȴԣǾǷδؾͻŷңҵʹŷ࣬ܿһ㡣
û̽ҵʵʵǰŷңǲʲôģϼ壬Ҳǰ衣Ц
ĵ˴˼䣬Ҳһ飬෴ìܡ
һ£ìֳܲչָ翴ģϼһźᶼһٰġ
ǣʹˮĻᣬϼ壬ԲŹֿ϶ᡣ
Ǻε
ǿŷңһģһУ
ŷԼôΪÿ˶ŷô֪Դġ
ǷʱչֳԼʵƾʹؼѪˣǰսʹŷңҲҪضԴ
ŷ˻ȥ󣬽»㱨ȥҪͼӴףŷҶʵĲ²⣬˵ỳǵؼڡ
ǵؼڣôŷңҲӹɵġ
һ𲻵ߵ壬ϼ壬δػˣƻŷҲ
ˣŷʱǲдģ׼ȷ˽⵽ʵ˳İգֻߺϼЭ飬Ż֡
ЩҪʱ䡣
Ȼǲ֪ǣֻҪ˷ʱ䣬ôȻɳΪ޷Ŀֲڡ
ˣҪģҼȻˣȻаյġ飬ҡҡͷοһ䣬žͰǶ˳ȥԳ
ֽѵŷ࣬ݺܴڶ֮ǰȷʵûп̫࣬ڵҪϸȨһ
ʱڣŷǲдģŷĳҲʱָ΢΢ţжϣʮ㣬ΪԼ
ŷҵˣԲУֻͼһʱ֮죬򲻻Ͼչֳʵ쳣Ŀ£ʣܳΪϼ֮һǴǧ֮ãŷҵˣԲС
УС϶ϣҲܽ̽ҵʵʵ
ŷȫǲܵģҲʵ
϶ˣԼ鷳Ȳܴٷõģȫ濪սҪԵģ϶Լ
ߣڵʵ㲻ؼڣҲ˶١Ц
ؼڵĽߣڻģҲָġ
Ҳû͵ؼڵĽ߶֣㲻磬Ҳ̫Զ
ŷǿļ˳֣Լõʲôһһһ˫ҷ²⣬ҪԼ鷳õĵطǽϡ
췽֮һȻơ
΢΢Ц
£Ȼ鷳ǻԼŪһУûаڡ
˼Ҷ赽ˣԼͷǸⶼ̣ҲͲǷˡ
ж£Ҫľǿ𣬶ҷпĵʸġ
ҵʱ䣬ŷңʲôЦ

ļ죬Ȼ緽ϣƽ˾Ҳ˿
֪ŷǴ㣬ڽԼ鷳
ȻԼȥĻˡ
ᣬǿ϶ҪȥģȥԵԼŷңֻҪһʾԷͻ͵ҽᣬŷҲͽ췽֮һˡ
ŵˣȷ쵽Ͼ
ˣ˾˪˴ӡ
ʱ򣬷ҲǺİ˵˳
ŷҽԹ˶ɫ΢䣬ʱʱȻŭ
С̫˾˪ӣŭ
Ҳ¶ŭݡ
кŷҵĳͻ֪˻࣬ڼСΧҲǲ֪顣
֧ľҪڣҲҪݺݴǸԲѷСӡ˾˪ŭһߵҲǵͷͬ
ҲǸͬܡ
Ϊؼߣߵ𾴵ģȻһ˼ߣűǿᣬҪǣҪ˼ߵͷǸǶ
ȻǷ˴ȥ˵ˣУҲš
ŷҶж֣ţԲӡͳ˵ţȴն
΢΢ݣҲû뵽ǻô֧Լ
л˵ͷ࣬ȴ
̬ⷬ̽Ϲżʱ򣬷Ҳᾡ֣סŵˡ
Ͼס˼죬˾˪浽󲻾ãῪʼʱ䣬ҲǺܿ͵ˡ


415 ڴ
ϾС
һ죬˺ŵˣԼĵطϣ󣬾͸ľٰص㡣
Ͼһ㳡ǰ峡ĽǣҪޡ
Ҫȥģ㳡Ȼµ׼϶ԭģˡ
ܿ죬Ǿ͵Ŀĵء
ΧøߴΧǽţ棬ſڵλãʮ˸ȫǽߣͷһ˼ڡ
֮⣬м֧СӣѲ߻᳡ڲΧϼĽߡ
һ㣬Ҳɿۺ̡
ǵʱ򣬽Ѿʼˣ˽ȥȻҲʲô˶ܽȥģҪ뺯С
뺯żһơ
õƵˣܽ뽻ĴҲǲһģеľֻһΣƾͻᱻջأеĿʹúüΣҲһЩûļ壬ѾûнˣȴܽԭҪϵõƣⱣһλûõ˺ˣֻҪϼ岻ƶʧЧ
ңͬƣЯ˵ĿҲǲͬģܽĿԴüˡ
ǵõƣȻ֣ʹôߵʮΣҲܲμʮνᣬһЯˣҲߵʮˡ
Сţһƣܽ˶ȥ
˵ŷҺͷг𣬵ƣҲŷ˵ģŷֻ·ȥ
ֻʲôģûǲҪȥҲǽĹأִڣҪҲΪ˷ֹø߿Ƽԣڵĸ߿ƼǷʤǰйƵӣԲֹ涨͵òЩִߣ˵ûжͬļˣԼֻݸ˲ڵˡ
˵ͷһֻսռ䣬ǣҲæ׼
һߵſڡ
ǰ棬׼ȥ߹һȽʱ̶ľͻȻ
Щɫ΢䣬϶ƷˣŴѳһЩִߡ
һĻǶЩңˡ
ǵʵݣЩҲûΪǵʸ񣬿ɶһȴǱⲻ˵ġ
ơһĻͺȵǸ˼ڵĽߡ
ŵһˣæȥƵݸ
ơʱɫ䣬ҲǹĻˡ
ڶȻд
ע⵽һڿԼʱĿϢȥ
΢ɹ֪˾ŷҵˣڿԼ׼ԼϢ塣
λˣ໤
˶ǿĴΪĽЩһ۸߹ܵһģ˵ޱӲôСĵġ
˼ǶĽҲĽ
ȵȡڷ׼ȥʱǰƷˣһƴǱѳΥƷȻҲʧȥ˽ʸ
ǣҺҸһȥɣǶд˵ʸĲ֪飬֪ءˣǼԴû󣬾Ҳûߣۿż٣ֵܾ֮£ҲֻƵһλᣬǣǰɡ۵Ĺ˷ǰжǻֺ̿ڴ
һˣʱҲǷӦæ˹ధ
һۣǵͶֻжʮ꣬˶ݡ
⡭ԥ£
ֵȷʵܿȴΪϢ󣬴ΥƷʧȥ˻ᣬߣˣҲͷпλ
ͻƽޱԽûʲôȤҲûлλá
¡룬̧ͷԿ໤
õġ໤æӦǡ
ֵɴ⣬лм㣬ڷǱ󣬴Ż
ǽˡ
ȥ˶΢
Ĳùɫ㣬йŴķζΧǽһ·ǻص˹ŴƵġ
Ƿͷ°ɣ£ϵǡˣͷȻѣڸҲһߡ
ŽڣȺҲЩڴ
μ⽻ᣬĿĻ˵ڴϣҵΪ֮ĵرͿ˳ƾٰᣬл󻯵ĵõᾧԼһƵ½߲ĵز



416 һ
ŵˣ˾˪Ĵ£һˡ
ˣתͷ
ȻˣԼжɡǶֵܵ
ǽѾǷƾˣȻûҪǣҽ棬ҲûôิӵĹأҪȥĻʱô鷳ҲҪƣǿгȥ
ллллֵлŴڴ˷ܵ飬뿪ˡ
߶ǣˣʲôջ񣿡
ǵΪ˶Ǻܿá
Ҫ׵ģֵܶǽߣõóܺͽ߽׵ĶǿˣҲֻǵͣѵõƴ˷ˡ
δءЦЦϣ׽ףǸȡģȫȼ۽ģĳһһĻȻͿԿԶԶƽļ۸˵ֵܣĶȻǺܿġ
֮⣬ỹһЩĲĶĴתʲôģһЩֵһĶ棬һķú󣬴ȡĲܵõʲôǿ͵
˾˪ˣǵһˣ鲻ǷܱȵģΪѣЩ鱨ȻǹѼ鱨˾״ԽҲİ
Ҳ˵ˡ˶ǵ˵ͷҲֻףֵˡ
ȥһ˻ңȻͷͷ°ɣʲô۵Ķ;Ը
ܴ󣬼һжȻûбҪͷ¡
õĻңȻõġ
ǮɲС
Ƭ̺󣬷ˣһϽǰ
ṩҶһĵطҲǽڣֵĵط֮һųĶ顣
һۣǽߵͨˣҲ١
ȻҲǱߴҪġ
ôˡüͷҪȥҲҪüСʱֵν÷ţͲˡ
ϰ壬ҪȻȥĴŶӾͺáѯʵ
áҡҡͷٲһȥæϡ
ûں棬ߵǰ棬жʱ͹˶Ͷ
ҪӵĻɻ˵ŭͺȳ⡣
ߡûвӵ˼ߵһߣǰֹһͨһڶͨǰȴһŶӵ˶ûС
Ǻܿ챻סˣڳʾһƺ󣬶Էɫϱˣİѷӭ˽ȥ
ô£
ΪʲôǿԽȥȴҪŶӡ
һĻŶӵ̲ˣǲûȥڶͨǱߵ˸ǣ嶯ˣܳ˶飬ҲѧǽȥȻͨǰĻѹǣĺˣʱ⵽һٶ򣬱˳
һȺֻͨеؼߣ߶ˣܽȥȥʲô֡һмʶЦ
˶ʱһ׷ױ졣
ǵؼߣǶ׵ģֻϣǼûע⵽Լ
ΪȻŴ֮
ϼ壬ڶȻҪͬΪ˼ӡ
λеķܰɣȻΪһȥһֵ˹ЦȴŹ֮ɫһ
㣬һۡ
湲ˣֱ򣬽ˣѡһһҡ
ӵ֣Ȼŵ˶ϸһеķܣϲ³ǰ鲻ɵ΢䡣
ϼ壬Ҳ׹ġ
ŷ˰ɡһԲĿӣĶԷЩ֪룬ϵЦҲӲ󣬲ŵ˵һ䡣
һ
һЦӣûм
ˣֵĹ˵㡣
Լͷ죬Ҳϼôʧ̬˵һ۾ϳԼˣûҪһȷ
ԷͼҲܲ³һ
޷ǾԼ⣬ԼԷԻѡһңôԷɿѹͼ۸÷һ
⣬ŷСĿʼˣһĽ̽
ϧͿſȥܵĻ׼Ȼϵ
ˣ޵Ľ˸
ӵĲɿԴĦһЩζƺкŷҵĹϵã
Ҫһҡ˸ˣ˵
ˣһݵߣ·һ綼ܴƵġ
ܣ߳ŷ˽˺ķ䣬ͬʱҲ˵ߡ
ɫβصԼλá
ƣǽ緢˺ŷҲ͵źţⱾӦģȴȣϣ·磬ʲô˶ûռˡ
ܣǿԶһ嵥߽һݳ嵥ݵ˷ǰ˿һĶͶһһĿȻûκĵط
˵ںǰһѪۻ𣬺Ķһдŵľ800~1500ҡ
ңǽͨĻҵλˡ
ΧǿɸģֻҪⷶΧڣʲôۣȫԷĳˡ
˿һۡ
嵥ӦеģҲᰴִУֻҪ۸ûⷶΧ飬ϼ嶼ᡣ
Կ϶ԼӽȥˣԷǵó嵥Ҷһļ۸Ҳ϶ͼۣ÷һ
ó嵥˵ĳ⣬Ҳ⡣
ǻĵľްҲڽõġ
嵥ϵĺܶණûУȻҲһЩеģѪۻ𡢷ѪǴ˵ĵؼϽɻģҶǼ䰺Ķ嵥ҲǰС
ĻңҲܶһҡ
Ƕһ͵Ŀһǧ򣬲ܶһһҰˡ
һѪۻһ۸Ļ80ڵ150ڣ۸֮ߣ˼
ȻⲢǵʵ۸ҪǿͬʱҲǽĻұƵһĳ̶ȡ
ҪһһЩҡ˵ͷ뻳ͬʱҲǿռ䣬һȡ˳


417 ̧
Ѫۻ𡣡
Ѫ衣

һȡ˳ڿǰߵЩŹ֣Ȼ·˸޵׶ЩҲû룬ЩռݵĿռҲޣڻҲǲܣЩʲôʱʱ
Ѫۻ𡢷Ѫ֮ǶԽõģԷǰ;ûУǰ㲻ϧ
ܣҪһЩϡ䱦˿ĭɬ
š˵ͷ
̫ˣһһļ۸񡣡˫ĿŹ⡣
ϡ䱦ǵģЩϡ䱦
ϼ棬Ѫۻ֮Ҳ쳣ģһЩ߲ӵУڽ棬Ƕһ䱦һ㣬Ӷһ嵥ϣǶǰéܿ
˻һң˶һ۸Ҳ൱߰
Ƭ̺󣬿ϡ
ܹһǧңܣպá߹һѶѹŹֵĻƵ˷ǰ
Щңǽˣ߸ǵģ100ģȻ⣬ͬ
ܲĻܿȥԡŵ
á
ЦЦʾ
һ۸õĶǼߵļ۸ȷʵǺгˣҲ˾˪Ǳߵ֪Ȼṩһҵķ񣬵ϣѡһҺҶ㣬ҲϼĬϵǱ
ˣŷǸӲаգ׵Ļܿӷһʡ
Ҳ¶Ц
ζһ˫Ӯ
ѪۻȻ۸񼫸ߣɷͷҲ࣬ˣһǧңڽ棬Ҳһʾ˵ľ޿ˡ
߹Ľ͵棬˻ȥ
ڷŷҼܴڵìܳͻһֶû
֪֮ԼǼͨ£λߵĻҲᱻɵˣŷҵĹϵ󼰵ģҲûʸȥܣ鱨϶ٶȴȥ
ˣͷ°ɡһ˽Һ󣬷һָˣǸȥԱ
ϰ壬Ҹûнӽҡ
룬ûоܾߣҲṩһЩ
ͻƽÿ˴һǧң˳ˣǰһת뵽һ⣬ס˵˼䣬ͻƽ϶¶ȤЩ⣬ͷӦ
Ǻһѡ˸˹ȥ
֣а̯ˣ۾ۣܿһۡ
ΧһѸٵȥţüͷ
ʵ̫ˣҺܴһ֣ǽߣҪ֪ߵѪεǿԽǿĽߣԽǿң۵ӽǷΧڣҲԡ
˶Ľߣһǵţĵرڽ棬ҲûôҳӰжϣϾϾǱ֮½ۼϱ֮½ͿųЩߣֳĵرˡ
ˣҰɡҡҡͷ˳ۡ
ղԵһۣҲ޷жϣûĵر
ǵȽ׵һĵرⲢǿң׾ͱߵѪڸǣ÷ԹȥȻǿĵرƾߵѪҲ޷ڵġ
ûзǿĵرҲ˵ϾûУϾ㳡ռ㣬۵ĿӷΧǧף͸ղǻᣬ԰ѽȫ
⽻ϴۿۣҲûʧǵޣֻҪĵرڸӦᾧ֮ҲĵرۿҲҪһĿȥġ
ţ߹һ̯λʱͻȻһ٣ͣ
ĵرϷӦڸղţӦĵر
ۣ
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Ӧĵر϶ڸС˷Χ쿴׶ˡ
ܿ죬ͷһ۵ĺɫ⡣
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˳ۣȷĵرλú󣬷ҪȥͻȻЦָǰ̯λϵһѯʵⶫô
ڷʳڵͬʱʮ⣬һ˵۾¶֮ɫżӿ˽ŲѸ˹ˣڽиѲάΰһ֧飬Ҳڶӳ£ͻȻı˷Ҳ첽
Ц
뿪һҵĵط͸оԼ˱ˡ
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뿴Էʲô
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ʼ۵ģһڵƬһЩعϵͼͻơ
ⶫõѾкܳһʱˣҲʲôϡνᣬҲ˳ס
ѵ˵ۣΪǸö꺺Ӽæ塭ʮҡ
뺰ҵģǻ;ȴǷʮ
ʮ𡭡Ҳ󡣡£ܿ˾ȻҪʱһȴں
ڸˣʮҳʮⶫһʮ꣬зӼ˽۾ĶƬһڱصõӣƵĿ۷
ϰ壬ⶫҿͿˣղǮò״չǮɲˡзӶ꺺˵
꺺һͣôҲ벻зԼ̯λ޹ؽҪҪǣҪԼĶ˵õľ档
һȿˣǮһǺˣɱϾǳһҲΪѰ˭Ҳãɣ˭ļ۸ߣ˭͵õƬ꺺һ޹ͷϸϸĿƬͻȻԴæСͬ䱦Ƶģʹ˾£ˣƬҴһϵżеõģ˵һǿǿĻƣڵĽȻͬصͼ˵̺ؼص֪ʶƽˣмĻΪ˵е켶ߣϧ̫ɬѶˣר˼ʮҲһã£Ҳֻܰóʹˡ
ҿλǴҲ߻ۣƬα˭ȥˣõĹޣ˰뱲ӣҲ˼ҿֶɣ׼һٽң˭ļ۸ߣ˭꺺治ɫֱӰѼ۸̧һٽҡ
һɷµģˣױһͻͷԡ
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ҪôصĶҲǣǰûƵڽأڿϾۣһι
Ȼбģû𴩡
Ҷˣ꺺ӵ˵©ٳ΢еʶˣͲᱻƵ
ԭˡҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫԥ̼Ӽۣһʮҡ



418 ķ
Сϵˡ
ԥļӼۣΧףСˡ
˾Ǻúơ˶Ц˴⣬СӼӼ۵ͷӦвǮʱԼ̯λĶҲôһ
ȻǺöҪˣٽҡзҲæ
ɵñ꺺ڣ˶ĵװЦ
ٽҡ
İ١зҲû
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Щĵײԣ̯λϵжȥԶԶ۸
꺺ӸüЦ඼ֹͣ
ιιۣɲ˵ʱһˣ˭ȥ꺺ͻȻʲôɫһ䣬æ˵
Цһмȥش
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ұļ۸ȻЧģ󱻺̧ʲôزҶḶǮϰ㲻ŵĻ֤зӳ
ãһ֧ѲߵСӾзæ˹ȥҲ֪˵ʲô֧С˹
˻⣬ΪʲôСӣĹȴ֪
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ǾǺ̧ۣǷеĶŷҶ̧Ҫ÷һĴ¶
Ǵˣ϶ܷӦ֪ŷҴ
ŷ췽ǿһ㣬ʱַ
ףô죿ͣڽʲô򰡣ֱ֣ʾŷҵĶ϶

ǲܶģŷҿ췽ڱ˵ĵ̣η
ұۣļ۸񣬲Ƕߣ֧֡СӵĶӳϵĿ⣬ɨзӡ
ɨʱӳĿԵ
ȻʶʱҲǵʶˡ
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ǺԷǳԼġ
߰ˣѾ߰ˣиߵ𣿡꺺ӲЩѲ߶ˣд󶨣Ŀ⿴зӣڴʵ
ȻǼ۸ԽԽá
ղ߰ٽңǷġ
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ͻͽʵеƷ
ǷˮѪȶǰû˷ֹû˻ɹ϶жصķţܷһЩ֮
Ϊָֺܷöôʵ
ĳ˵û´ԶҲ벻ޣϾȫĴڡ
ѵ˵ƬĺܲԷôִţз

ңûɻỳԼ̧ۡ
ϾΪôʶŷڿʼˡ
˰һҡзһҧӼۡ
Ѳ߶ĶӳĿһۡ
Ű١Ƶᡣ
Űһзġ
ÿζڷıϣһңҲרŶ˵ġ
һǧն
һǧһзîˡ
˸߼ۣΧ˶Ѿסˣζ벻鲻۵СƬȻĳۡ
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Ƿı̫ʵˣзһ˷ܣ˴˵ı顣
˷ܵģ꺺ӣҪͷЦ
û˭Ƭˡ
ʲôƨϹżִƷƬһЩŪĻƣΪտõϣ׼˵ġ
Ѳ߶ڳзȻˣŷҲûһټΪԼŪˣڷΪҲֺαôźأҲǿġ
ʱ̫ˣĽǮڽܵ˼ƣҲһ˶ٽң򣬶ûǮ


419 ŷ
׬ˣ׬ˡ
зһ˷ܣҪĿģΪ˺̧ۣ÷ĴۣƬҲʱ⣬
һǧһңȫˡ
߰ɡףǶӳҲԸ˻֣뿪
ְ𣬾÷ǰԼߵǿˣҲûҪ
ʲô˵ˣ̧ôԼˡзҲҴȥһ䣬ӳסˣüͷѯʵ
ŷ㲻ˣǵùڷĴ˵Ƕɣ϶з֮ôղŵӲװģ룬ô֪ǹȥ̧۵ģлɣҲһκ̧ۺ󣬶һξͷ֣Ͼϣͬ˿ͬһӶۣҲǷǳģô׾ͻɵǣ϶ǷƬĲͬѰֻǮˣзӳЦ
ôһ˵ҲеӳҲԥ
ȥҳϴˣƬȥзüɫ衣

ϰ壬ƬôҪԥʵղһֱûв廰
Цҡͷ
ҶˣǸŷġȻ
ŷˣҲ˽ⷽ飬ͬҪƬˣȥѼ۸̧ôߣҲֻжԵˣŻô
ĵˣڽϣԷѲ߶飬ɣŷҵˡ
Ǹ׳գΪ˺ôϰӲˡá
΢΢һЦҲûϣϸ˷ûзˣŷĵر̯λ
꺺ԼƬֻǷݵһϷˡ
ŷɳҵˣ϶̫࣬зһߣˣʱûϣ˷ᡣ
Сӣ￴һ°ɡ
Ķãء
Χ̯λ׷⣬Ȼţûǵ˼
ߵĿ̯λ̯λһȻûָ̯λϵ£ʮң
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ĳ쳣
⣬ʮǲ̫ˡ̯λϰǿЦ£ҡ
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𣬱ʮҾʮңˣˡŤͷߣװģ̯λϰ󼱣æ
ֵһңϳʮңѾܿˡ
ôͲղɵһġ̯λϰεİѶ˷˽ס
Ҳ·ղţҲɵҪǸзӣǵзӱˣˣЩˣҲС
֡д󶨣ĵرͲһƷ棬ҲΪ˲עĿѡ

룬һ޴Ľ
ˣ档
зӸϵϡ
ɡзӱһ䷿ڣһĹϡߡ
ϡзӹ
Ĺϡߣŷŷҵ߲㣬ҲŷүүζԸļƻ׿ϵġ
˵йڷҪ飿ŷ򵭵˵ʱؼ֣Ҳ
ǣǱȥң̧۵ġзӲҵ֪ŷĴδ֪ԼϸĽȥ˵һ顣
Ƭģŷĺڷ˽Ȼࡣ
зæƬȥ
ĺܺáŷԻŽ˸ˣƬȥ
ǽᣬȻ׼˼˲ţƬǲ챦׾ܼ
Ƭ̺
˺ܿ췵أûƬֻɫЩŹ֣첽ߵŷߡ
ϣѾϣƬִƷûκγ֮
ŷɫʱ
·һڴ֮ɫзӣһŻڵͻȻһʧԭأţзӲҽһŷһƴķ
ŷصλϣɫ
зŭǣƬǼٵģ˵ͿǵĹƣˣ档
зӣǳ׵ıˣ˻֪
ŷԣһ衣
ž~
ŷ΢һӵķֶʱ飬ѣļɵ
Сӣǲǵؼڡ



420 
ǵؼڽߣǾͺöԸˣŷҵǿʵɨ׾١
ϾвͬĶΪʱ̫ݣ۵޷ȣ˼ɵģ߲ҲǷ
ֻҪвֵһᡣ
ǡ
ǵؼڽߡ
Ǿ쳣鷳ˡ
ȻŷҲеؼڵĽߣҪɱͬȽ׵ˣȴûôףһߵĻŷҲ޿κΣôһµлԣŷҲҪգ䵽ʱ壬ҲмĿ侮ʯ
ŷɵĵط
սȷʵкܴĿܣǵؼڽߡ
Ҫģȷһ㣬źþ֡
Ȼŷҵĵ̣ǵؼڽߣҲǲܶԸҪ׼ֻߺЭ顣
һУҪʱ䡣

ڽй䡣
ŷҵˣֹһзֳ֮ͷ۵ˣвĺͷͬһˣŷҵˡ
ǵĿģ޷ǾǼŭΪʢܲô̼֪ŷƺ̲סŭ֣ǾɳƲá
ϣǽֵģǺԣĻûһˣܳеŭ
ͨˣǵؼߣҪعء
ϧϵ
ĹأԱģǺŷҶ֡
뵷ң
ÿ߼ĳ̯λǰͣһۣŷҵ˹ңǷֱӷѶøǣֻߺμۺٷ
ֶΣʱŷҵ˿಻ԡ
еģǺͨĶŷģûһƷ
̧۵ĻҪŷҵ˾ͱ
һǮһôĶ˻νˣŷҲԲ
ȻһƷŷҵ˼ʱ÷˳Ʒļ۸񣬿ĴϾ࣬ԶȲ̿ġ
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Сʱ󣬷˽ʮ֮һĵ̣һǮˮȥǧ࣬ȻŷұӽȥģȴǸߴǧң򵽵ģȫǲֵǮ⣬ֵܼһٽҶ
ŷٲƴ֣Ҳܲġ
ŷһ̯λǰͣʮ⣬ɫʶձ
зùһǧңȫԼ͵
ŷʶѾϤǵĿģҲͳŵЩһĲˣһҲɹԼ˶ĻͷԼġ
ŷңҲǲ˵ģ췽ɲһң޷һ졣
βġ
ȥȥߵԥ
һѾӽȥˡұߵһ
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ˡң̯λѡһС󣬷΢΢һЦ
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ǧҰŷҵˣҪϵļ۸ҲŲţЩǮᱻ΢΢Ц
ɲСĿһؼߣδңҲǴһŵõЩ
նһ嵥Ļǧң͵30ңҲһʾ޿ˣȻֶһǵģܶһɽңɽȴܶһҡ
ߣŷңơЦ
̧۵ңȻСֶΣȷʵܶˣԷԸȻԸܣұҲǷԸ
Ȼʱǵļƻɽǵĵ̣˭֪ʹʲôֶ˷ʤ
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ⶫҪˣҡ
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ֿʼˡ
Ȼ
кŷңˮ𡣡

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һҲȻӲ
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㻹û˵ôϳŷҵˣûдŷ֡
ŷҺͷгǽ췽ôˣͷܿһģ²£֪ŷˡ˵˵˵ôŷҽģҪŷ˵ˡ
ŷ࣬˵ǻĹӸ֮һƽŰ裬аԵģıˣû˸ҵһ˲廰
ûŷ࣬еϾֹ˾ңͷ˳ͻǵȥؼ߱ƴˣˣܴͷ˵ŷȥŶȥֱ˵ǴͷҺȥ趼ϲˣǴȥ֤Ǿŷ౾ˣ˵˹Ц
ΧˣҲһŹ֣ǸӸͷģǿбЦ
ƾʹؼߣλܣǿףѹŷҶǡ

۷׷ף˿Ŀ⣬ǳ˱ġ
ɣ󲿷˶վڷߵġ
ŷްȽϣߣһ㶼ͬģᣬŷһֶԸˡ
Ҷμӽģ޵ľ˹̧ۣûϣ໨һǮ¿еĶ
ɫףƤٺҲܲ˱ĵĿ⣬Ȼŷҵǿǲ˵һ˽ԼʱʱͶĲмʲһģ˵ȥ
ңҲҪˡ
ҵһ仰ͷȺУ쳣Ǳˡ


421 ջķ
ʼˡ
΢΢һЦ
Χ˵ĻȻİµһ塣
ǰͷµʱ򣬷סƽһǰЩȥЧ
ϰ壬ǹģ֡
Ҳ¶һ˿Ц
ѺŷҵìܳͻڵϣǷĿġ
ŷҲҪӣ԰ѳͻض𣬷ͷУ鳹׵ͱŷһֲ
Ҳбס
ôڣһͱì滯ŷһЩϲֶ̨ΣͲóˡ
ԷôҲ֮һǿҲҪӵģ£òֶΣֻ˿
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ȻҲС
ҲڱŷңΪԼ棬˵жԸ
ҲбףΣϵĶչǺöԸģûȷԼʵʵǰŷǲĴìܹǸҪɵ壬᲻û١
ϵĶս٣ͽӶ١
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ţǡ
߹һ̯λʱĿ΢ŲҲͣ
ܣʲô̯Ц
ⶫǮָ̯λϣһ龧Ө͸ıʯʵ
鱦ʯָֻСȻӨ͸ڲȴһƵĺɫʣҲ֪ʲôȴǽ˱ʯĵΡ
йʯҲǶֵǮıʯܼȻеĻʮҰɡ̯룬˵ϲĻıʯﻹһЩ
˵ţ̯æó߿͹ʯıʯ
۾
ʯһ飬˵ͷãȫҪˡ
ʯǴıʯ滹Եʣм۵ĻʮҲǺʡ
һԵæʮҵ˹ȥһ֣˿ʯ
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ʯɲͨıʯʯһᾧһ֣˿ʯ޿κΣֻҪþ֮ʯʣܽϻԭᾧ
ģ˿ʯȫϳһᾧƷʣӦƷᾧ
ָᾧƬԶͬнʯģҲнйʯģиĲͬƺ
ֲĵرҲ˷ǵѶȡ
ܵõôһƷᾧ˽ᣬҲûˡ
ᾧεȺ
Щǲó˽׵ġ
ҲֻдŪ͵Ǵ룬ҲǲʲôָģټĽᣬΪֹҲֻһΰˡ
֪ǲᾧ˺ַĵرһһȣһȣ
ǰĵرνϣĵرǲСջˡ
ĽᣬϡŹֵĶв٣ܶƽĥ͸ĶҲЩ棬ĵرļҲǲ͡
ϰ塣
ϰ塣
߹һֵƽˡ
ǸɵĲ佱һ䡣
˶¶ϲɫָ֪ɢŷҳͻ¡
Ӧģˣϰ壬ҺͻƽĶæóĶ
ˣһһǧңҲвٵջ
ҪĶ˵ͷ
˿ʱ˸ӦͻƽϣĵرϢ
ۣ˿һ̷ۣźɫ⣬Ƕĵر
ĺáϲ˻ĵر˳⣬һûȡȫ͸ͻƽ
˵ᾧƬ˵ûôãĵرȻ´ˡ
ϧûһĵرЩź
Ϊ֮ĵرһĵر棬ϲ֣ܳĵĵرǲóȥģǾֻʣĵرˡ
Фõĵرǵػ裬ʹòˣὫ֮
ף
Ҫ˳ۣʶɨһۣͻȻסˡ
һҫ۵ĺɫ⣬Ȼ˷


422 
ĵر
¶ϲɫ
̤Ьٴ⽻ϣһĵر
֪ʲôģЩڴ
ڵʵԣ󲿷ĵرɲóˣ顢ػȣвСá
ϣģŪһΪ֮ĵرԱԼٰᣬŪһЩᾧ˳Ƴ½߲㡣
ڣŷҳĵˣҪȥ̽ϹżԼʵҲǷҪǵ顣
ο½߲㣬¯׳ͣҲǷڴѾõġ
ȥˣĵرķλȥ
ȻĵرǿңܱҳҲΪڵλã뷽ǲԶ
ܿ죬˾͵Ŀĵء
ǣáܿ˳ط֣˾˪ģҲǽУǳһ
ÿһ콻ᣬᰲһٰ
νĵãʵײ˵ĵط췽óĶиָĶмֵǵ챦Ҳ洦ɼͨƷֻҪһķãܽ齱õĻ˵ܳ鵽ѪۻĶƷȻĻͰװӵһǮ
֮Ի֣ȡľǳ齱˵飬ãȻһ̤ãĻ׹
һãһ췽ںš
ȴǾŷֵһá
Ҫ鵽öĿ̫ˣ췽ȻܰװͶμӵ˻϶Ӯ٣ĶƷȴ쳣ۺ죬Ҳʵˣܵõǵ;˲٣һײ˴أнġ
õ췽壬ҲǽͷϷ
ֵܡȵ
Ŀ⿴˹ȥȻǱԼֵ
ǻҲǺġ
ãвܰͨͻƵĶֻҪǲ̫ףһļʣܵõġ
ֵܣнߵѪõƷлͻƳΪߵģʱ㻯ͨˣûѪõˣΪߵϣҲã
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ػ裬ĹֶΣֶһ֣Ҳ÷һģԼս
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449 ¯
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֪ʼ½ʲôϲ漴ռ䣬˽ȥ
ڷǰģǹʼ½֮ǰȣС౶ٵغ͸ָĵΡ
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ǶĵرǱѺۣ黹кܳ룬ͦɫҽû˿仯
ĵرĵرҲôٵģȽԽߣҪڻٵѶҲԽ
ԼһСʱһĵر΢СƬˣҲûע뵽λڡ
ĵرҲûôסҡҡͷ
ҺãҲҪţһĵرʹٽһɽǳȫܽĵرͶȥȻÿĵرû٣ǷҪ֪ģڣûĵȣȻٿԾһֹ֮ǰɲ˷ѹĵرûһԶȫӽȥ
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һΣ֮ͨǣ麣
÷ǰһ߲磬麣һκˮںȡҫʱ˴󹦡
ֻͨأ
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450 Ӱ
뵽ȥһЩ֮ţһ̣ӵϢӿԺ
ϸϸζţƬ̺˼·֪֮ͨķ򣬶ʱʧɫ
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һ䣬ûѣġ
زӰܾĻôԲκԥӽ¯ٺõĶòҲǷڻ٣ɽĵȽףһĵĵرȷʵмĿܣɽ÷ĳ̶ȡ
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΢΢һЦҲظ
û˷ʱ䣬˽ȥһΣȻû⵽κηһȫ֣һӰ



451 ǿӰǱ
ӰѾкܳһʱˣȻԵţûгɹÿһʧܶӰԼЩۼҲһαһο죬ţʱһͬǾ˵̰ӵĺˮк£Ʋɵ
ӰĵĵرҲǱһ
һ˳ռ䡣
漴һӰ³ڷǰš

¯вǳɹӰҲ۷ԣǰǶôǿᡢһڣҲǲԺͷġ
һӰʱΪһâͶ뷽ڣҲǱ۾Ӱ
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Ҳ̽ϹżΣգ˷룬ǲùעһİͶȥ
λȥŷ޵ˣֻˣȫǵؼߣֱ桢Զɽڳء
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˼·̣лѩ¶۵΢Ц
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ǴɽسǣԼ׷ߵʱԼѾ˰ɡ
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һУȻҲָɣ豭ָ们䣬Ϸһײ
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ǵصĺᡣԶɽü
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ˣݸϵ飬Զɽ˶١
ǺЦթթؼͷϣЩ˻ǲ֪ôд
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뿴ĻӦǸ˵ʱ򣬲Сı¶˲Ǯһ˿ˣʱ̰֮ģһ˶Ը˷ˣ뿪Ȼ˴Ҳ֮ˣɷǺεʵȻʲôǮƲ¶飬ҲûпȥڣЩ̰ˡ


457 
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ȺȴǹҲסˣǿǵĺᣬթ飬ҲǵһθˣǰƵ飬ЩﲻŵƨʹİֵǮĶ
ȻǵķӦȴǷŭ֮࣬е쳣裬˲ںı飬ʹǡ
۹ⶼûƳһۣ·С󣬵ǲڵ̬ȣǳ׼ŭǡ
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ֱ仯ԶһָסԼľ֡
аƴҪȥȶ϶Էָֻ֪Լ޷룬ج֮Уƴ޷ѹ
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ǰˣĳǱ˹ı־ԽҲסĵطԶɽָǰ
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鱨һ˵ɫ䡣
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쵰Ϊʲô˵ԶɽŭԱߵĴء
Ȼǲ²⣬ҲΪӦˣ֮⣬Ҳ벻ɡ
ԶɽҲǷʱΣգڶԷ˳Ϲżǰ᲻ɱģΪԼİȫ룬Ҳܣ¶ܡ
ȻϣٶȾȳֻ֪ǱУȻؼڣ֪ҪֻܿǼȫǵؼڽߵĶ֡
֣ȻҪʣΪʲô⸱ģһ֪ǱⲻǴ˵𡣡ڳɻ
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458 
ǣһ漴ɫ΢䣺Щѵ֪ǻ
ҪϢȻأ϶кü֪ģÿ˶ؿƿġ
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ȷʵǵʵǿôڳƽзѰ·ڲ׵ʵ£õѡ񡣡Ҳ׹
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˶Ƿ׷׵ͷԷĿóϷ
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ȻǣȥԥǵĲȻãǱʵ൱ҲҪСԥðҲ͸Ǵݲõʱ䣬һжǲģȽȥһСʱ˸ҶֵʱҲһ֡
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ûмţȥؼڽߵ鷳˳۵ָһ·ͨ裬˳ǱĵΣҲǣĵط
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Ȼ󣬾ҲҪǸۡУҲ¶ĺɱ


459 
ߵĵˣѾϡ
Ǳʣµˣûзı仯Ҳ˷׼ʱ䡣
ǿдȥ϶ǲеģϾͻᾪԷô˹廹ҴЩˣ»ᱻһʱɱ
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ϸĻҲˣ˹ǵǿϵĿСȣҲмʷˣҪ˵ûʲô··ֱǲܵġ
ܵȻ˹ĺ·֮һ
֮ԻڵΣҲ֣˹徭ӪôãܽھһܵԿ϶ڳǱΪ֪ĵط϶иܵԷΣͷԴӶλó룬ߣһˡ
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ΨһοǣһؼߣȴǻȻҲֿѶ
ھԮλؼߵʱ򣬷ǵĺþڷ˲ףǰ漸˹ĵطȻǿһˡ
̶ľʱ쳹Ǳ
ɱɡƽû˿Ķݡ
ȰѷҵͽܵϾҲǶȻ
¶˾ģƴһսȻǸովλؼߣȴأڵ˵Ѷ»˹ȥȻһʯ飬Ҳûѵļ
սɷŲѡ
˵ͷǰһԾʱĲ¥ߵĵطͬʱҲһץҵϣٶȸܵ
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
ôĶ̾˳Ǳеˣƹ˹漴ʮ˷ɿ챼˹
һЦŲ̤أ˶ʱʸ˳ȥͶȺУָᵯһкХն˳ȥЩл֮ɫȴ˲䣬ͱնΡ
ǵؼߣ죬֪ͨλˡԶЩˣһĻʱŵĻɢûһ˵ҿ
ЦҲùǣֱżУλؼڽߵλöȥ
Ǳؼڣ·һԼѸٸһؼڽߣһųŵķȥ
΢漴׹
ʱĻ͵˺Լʱ䣬Ҳ͵ȵļˣʱԼ֣ҲӦӳǱŵĵط
Ǳؼߣϣ׾͸һ֣ĵ˼ȶǿĸоĸؼȥء
Ǳ棬оŸؼߣ˹ˣôʣµ߸ɶǵˡ
ǱŹȥģĸټϱפڳǱŵλؼߣˡ
ˡһ˷ܵ
ȥֻһƤͬ˰԰׵İͷ󲽶ߣһ˶ĻѪߡ
˵ĵ̼ˣΧ˵Ķ־ǸͷĿżߵĵλ
Ǹؼڽߡ
ˣ᣿ߣ˭ұǰͷĿ䣬ͬ˰㿴ŷư˼㡣
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ͷ̸оŶȭͷз·һߴޱȵΡɽ壬͵ײ˹ûϣǹǵصѹ޾Ŀ־оǿĵֵ˿ֲĹǰݺһ
һȭ֮·ռ䣬֮ѹ
Уʱ޾־ȡ
ɽȭ
ʹģĵƣɽȭһǽ½߲󣬵һʹõǿ
~
һҽжͷǱһɽײƵģ˲ķѣѪ



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ｻˣǸȲҪɱһ䣬һΣ̴ԭʧǱǱߡ
ֱ뿪γѣǿаסеĿϲ𾪣ʼʣµ˶֡
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·;УҲ𾪡
ͻ½߲ҲսУˮ㣬һ֣֮⣬ûк˶֣Ȼ֪Լʵ˼ĽǾǿʲôزҲǲ²⣬ȷ
һξԮ˹壬ǺܺõĻᣬ׸ɵˣҲ÷ᵽԼǿᡣ
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Ǿ˹Ԯɣǽһû뵽ԭ˲һλؼڽЦг˲м
֪ˣҲôˣ˵ʵȫ
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ǵģΪǴͬѵģ˵ô̵ʱڸɵǣѹͲܡ
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һΣͻ˰ǰԶһȭ˳ȥ
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Ʋɵ·һӱޱСĸоǾˣԶƵĲ־塣
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ҽУ˵ڵԽʮ׾룬ݺݵײ˳ǽϡ
Ǳصĳǽ͵ؾҲ£԰ΪģһεĿӶĿĵѺ۴ӳǽһֱ쵽ǽǡ
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˵ķ£ǽڽڰˣǶ֣ʣµؼȫˣ̯ͬ˵ϣá


461 ڻ
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ǱڳǱ𴦣Ʋӳȥ⣬ЩϮ˹ȫûɱ߱ץ
˹Ҵˣ߳ܵʱ򣬶һε顣
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Σ¶سǱǷ˵Ĺͣ˹£Ƕǳ˸м
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ǸΪ׵İˣȴǿһۣȻǷ²ˣȴҲеؼڽߵĽֻڿʱľη
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ܹתƵĲҵҲֽȻ£ҹϷɻ뿪
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ʱĳǱڣǼ⣬ѾǿһˣŲ͵ζǱǡ
˵ͷһ뿪˳ǱڳҲں
ְɣֵܡԶɽļ̾Ϣ
¶ᡢȻͼ飺һ죬ǻٻġ
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һѻ𣬽˹ĳǱ֮һ档
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ǸϹżȻڷޣǱɳĮС
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˵УڹʷǰİɳĮУܿǲһЩż˵˵ҲϹӰ£˻Ի͵
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ĵĵرԶ˺˵ɵϳĵرֿԼ㡣
ȻһЩϵҲ˵Բ˵ôš
ǲĵر
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ѩǱôͻȻʵ
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ӱѩ̴Ϣ˷ϹżϢһʱŷ޴½
˭֪Ϲż塣
ܱѩǹģ⣬ϢǴˣСѹ
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ȷʵҲǺܿ췴Ӧ
ô˵Զɽڳȴûйϡ
ѩ̷ҲǵټɴͰϢɢҲǸѹʱ쳣ΪðյĻ׾ͻᱻΪϹżйأšǽ͡
ϣһ鷳ҪǣǴϢڸǣǻһأԹ԰˵Ͱ˹屩¶ŷ޵˹鷳
ѩ̣ǲ֪ǵĴڵģֻ˵˹塣
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֪˹屩¶εȺ¾Ƕ㵽ĶȣỪĵ֪ϹżͬҲͲס
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󣬽һͨСǰСֲϡϡģһЩĺۼ׾ܿкܳͷˡ
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ȵŰɡһԱĿϢҲǸɸģԼ״̬Ϊϵð׼
ʱĺܿ죬賿ʱֺܿ쵽



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¹Ӹ߿ҫڴϣߵޣԵĸ
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û۾ȥ׽ųĸź󣬷ţ̽˷̽ȥܵı仯
ͻȻ䣬΢ռȡһС麣ˮ
ȭͷСһ飬Ө͸ȥܴ󣬵ıȴʮ֮һ̺麣䴿
һС麣ˮոձóϾͱһŹâţͿʼڻˡ
ǽѩͶ˻¯麣ˮѸڻŨɢݵ˿Уӷָţһᣬĸоʧ·ûгֹƵġ
Щļ룬Χı仯
ġ
⡭ʲô
ѹֲסķĿɿڴĿܡ
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ǿԶɽ¶֮ɫָա
ˣæ˹ȥ
ֻڸ߿֮ϣ⻪貣һˮ״Ĺâƾճ֣ɢصϢͻȻ䣬ǳܲסѹƵģչֱ׹˹֮󣬷˲㲨ˡ
һ׹䣬Ӧ
ǿˮ׹λã·һڶΧĵ⣬ͻȻӿ˹ȥվԭأȴʲôɲˣҲȥ
Щ⣬Ȼܿ޷ֱӴǵ壬·͸Ƶġ
ȵһжƽ⻪ȥǿˮ׹λãʱһ޴Ż˴֮ϡ
Ⱦ޴ͭţƽڵϣΪģΧĵ涼ˮĺ棬ľ䡣
淺ͭϻ
ĻԼ·ˮµľ޴ͭţ˵ĵף̸ĸ֡
ˮ¡
κһΪԼˮ£ʵĴرˮһĻ޴ͭţȴǲˮ£ȥƵģ˲ʵĸо
־󣬸һ޴ͭϷˮӳ˳
̲ס̧ͷգҪڹУҵصľ޴ͭţȻһ
ڡһ
˶һ
ǿȾ޴ͭţǵһγˣҲ˿˵ĤݣҾпһʷժղƲڹһϹ͵
ǣôȥԶɽ̲סʵ˵꣬ǰһߵͭϷ˵עҲ˹ȥ
ֻԶɽˮϣŵȴûκʪۣûеȥˮûиı䣬⵱ȻԶɽ̤ˮ޺ۣշУŵģǼʵأµˮͭţǻӰֻܿζ
εҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪оģǱѩ̲ʱ䣬û취ҧҧûм˵ȥ˭֪Ľ϶ģǷǣҲԸϹżˡ
٣ҲҪв̽һС
ɡЦЦ
ԣ˵۾ʱ뵽ˣԼ²ģõ켶ߴлߵõصģ˵а취
˵ڻ᲻ʵϣµ۷
δأڱĵطﲻ̫Զ˳Ǻ¥ΪѰܵĻӦҵ
ˣҲǷ׷׸ԼĲ²⣬ο
˶ۣҲǣߵͭǰĿ⿴ȥԿͭŷǳĹϣԿصĻƣһغͲɣĸо
һΣһȭͷС麣ˮ漴תƣ麣ˮʱ壬ȥ
˶ɴ۾ŷһһ
ǰǿ麣ˮûע⵽һȴˣк棬ȴû˳ѯʣΨִ˷
ˡ龧Ө͸ˮ㴿ľʯ£Զɽ̲סͺһ
ţǵ۾͵
ֻ麣ˮϰĴˮ棬ײͭϣһȦȦ̵
ȥˡ𾪡
麣ˮײͭϣ̱ǿҵĹâֱӣ۾ȴĿ麣ˮѸʧһƴ鲼ͭŵÿһ֡
һ̡
֨֨~
Ħ·ʧ޵ĳڹ쳹ޡ
ɫ΢䣬ĴѰ漴ϷӦǲԼͬ¶ϲ֮ɫȲĿͭŵλá
ȻͭǱ߳˾˵ı仯
ͭţţǰǷģͭŵĴ򿪣ԿͬبŴڵĺڰϢɢݳȥ˶һ˼Ƥ񣬵漴Ǵϲ
ܸܵıϢ˵ˣһжģղǾˮ£üš
ڣˡ



464 ڻ
ͭŻĴ򿪣ϹżڣҲǳڷǰ
ڰͷ
ʮ֮㣬ͬһֻǱڴĿֲޣſ˴죬Ҫ˶ɣڴӿĺϢѪҺ̡
ǰڣ˶
˵Ϲżž˵ĲƸԼ˷ǿǰĳȴ˲̤㡣
ϾƣӦͨصģغ棬˶ûΣպģǰһУͳǵԤ֮⣬Լ˵жžη;衣
˵Ŀ⣬ʱǷ򿪵ģûзҲֻܳ䵱͡
ڻȽԥ
ԴȷôĴܿڵһ𣬷ףϹżȫǳԤϵģ붼룬֪϶ܲ򵥣Ҳûаգ᲻ΣգǶΣգϹż֪ҲǺö١
ԵĻȰǣҪȥΪпܻ׶ǵ֪ǲ׷ģߵһģм̰ģο̽ϹżҲǱű֮ĵģ㹻ľԷ죬ҲûаȰ˵Ļ˵
Ψһģڻ̽·ܿܵΣա
ȥǴڳվ漴ԶɽҲǸȥ
ԣһʱֻʣ˷档
ϡ
֪˵ʲôǣҲûǣҲ岻ˣԵĻòҪ׽ȥ̽һ¡˷Ļγ֪˼
ֲǰ׳գ⿴ڵĿֶΣ֪ϹżͬСɣΣպпЩؼ߶޷ֵôĻǰҪ˵ĺѣҲܴˣûûڲƴһ
˵÷ҪȽȥ»ỳǲͼɷȴᣬϾֻҪϹӶܿϹżΣգȽȥΪƽ·һԭΪ·ǡ
ԷǿֻҪû£Ƕܱ֤¡
ҲµġЦЦϣûܳɱҵĵط
仰ú˵Ȼ˭ǿţǼһ𣬶ܰȻġ
˵ͷظ
̸䣬Ҳɶÿһţ첲ţϿŶˣ㱳ʮˣȴ˿Ӱǵٶȣת۾͵ǰ
ʮ˵ֱִҰķʽȻǳǣ˼ǵ뷨ʮ˴ʱԴҲţֽȻǴڻ֮УҲֱԴ
ͨͨ
˵ͷ˺İѷ²һӣҲǲСҺЩҲͨˣǿȲͣڻԣҲھʹ˽ǡ
ʮˣȻǱѩ̵Щˣλؼڽ˹ΪףȻʱķ²ʮˣǵʱȣɱصһЩˣʣʮ˸
˹Ǳʱ򣬾;ˣڻңιʱҲЩ˴ˣһԶֱɻմ˹ȵڴ򿪣ĿϹżأͷǼӾ硣
Ūǡ
˹ˣܿ˹ϵʹǱԹȻܿ˾ʶˣԼ²ݣıѩ̳Աڳ˵һĶʵˡ
Ϲżڣ˹ҲǵһȻﶼû˵϶ĳµϹż
˻˹ͼ֧Ȼ⶯ȴ͵س鴤£ںеͬɢƵġ
ʵǿ֮ǰͱһƴĲȥϵۣټһֱûеõЧƣҲǼء
α֪أ˹Ϯ˹壬ΪϹżԸԳˡ
˷⻰˲²⣬˹̲סͫҲ֪ø˺ûǸñ
˵ǣڼϹżǣ֣ǻԼ
׼ɱ𣿡˹ʵûǿԼѩ̵Է˺ͺǵĲٰס
Ҫɱһʬֻѡ񡭡мҲԼ˵ͼ˵˳
ǰڳǱʱȻ˾˹ȴ֪ģ֪ѩ̸̣мҲûл֪Լˡ
ڻң˹˵ɴ۾˵ɱǣող˿ϵ
Ȼû˵˼ȴˣǵڻҡ
ȻһԸĻǷҲǿȴǵģһѡ
Ǿǣ
ֻҪԳˣͲȥѡڶѡ񣬱ϾѡڻңһôҲһ棬ֵȥһǵݣ˭ĸԸȥģĳһתļһϴʾܾһȭѪ˹ľ֮࣬ҲǸӼᶨһѡ
ң˹ҲûҰģûмʶڿѶȣԼǰسȵǹʱѾƽգð˿˿ͬſĴ죬Ҳǲ뷨Ϊ֪ϵƶ񤣬˹δûбţһϹżĻ˵ϹӮ˵Լ뷨
ˣȻĵȥ͡
Լ˹ˣÿһʯ飬ȻԶƾһСʱҲǻָЩʵΪһĴڻҡ
Ȼ˹ȼؼߣԼʵ״̬ͼ÷˽;裬Ҳڹؼʱ̣䵱Ļȸ
Сڷ
ɽȭһڳκһˣᱻ׺ɱǲǴ۷״̬ڳǱʱ֮ûɱǣǷҪڻңˡ
ʯ棬˹˸һܵ档
ǵؼڣ뵽ʲô˹
ǿһȭشϴʱóʯ飬˹ʶһܡ
Ƴһۣû˹
˹ȴǱâ̸Ƶģæͷȥ˾κˡ
ǵؼڰͿ޵е켶Ҳͽһˣӽ켶ĴڣȻ͵ؼͬǲһȴȫһεġ
˹ѩ̵λؼڣ׻Լ
ӽ켶ȻǷͬСɡ
Լֵ£һֻȸлϹżƸ
˹ҡ
˹еĿ־壬ȵ˶ָĲˣ̿ʼߴǣϹżѩ̵ˣ֮ҲƳ˵һˡ


465 ɱķ
Ȼûпڿǰĳʣ˹ҲǷǳġ
ܺϹŹϹĶٴľҲΪ
Ƚȥģһؼڽߣؼ棬صģʯİ£Ҳǻָҵʵ߼ͣԣȳһЩѪ
ϵƴ󲿷Ȭˣ˺ȴûкת١
ƺҲ˾򣬿һԥڣĺڰ̽û
ˣЩĵĵȴţϸĶȻȴûа
û¡ȣɣȡ΢洫
ȥ˹ˡ
ѩʣˣһڣȷûΣպ󣬷Ҳ롣
ǵһȥģʵҲ˹·͵Ϯ
ڵʱ򣬷·ǴһεıĤϢϲʧ
ţ۾
濴һƬɲĺڰʲôȻŷ֣ǹⱻǶڶȻ˵ǵƻͨҲ
⻹ġ
˲䣬͸о˿ռıãʱȻǴڵĲþܲ³ӦһɲĶڣǽ󣬲ŷ֣Ǹߴͨ͵ƽУеĴֱ
˳ͷ·ͬ硭
ռ任󲿷˶ҪϺþãɷ̼Ӧˡ
ѹֵһ˻ϺһŷҲǱ𾪵ˡ
̧ͷȥ⿴ȥܿľģȴܵ˹䣬ЩƫҲЩʣ·￴
ڷ֮桢Ҳͨ
Ҳ˳סˣƬ̺Żع
桭滺³һڳЩأȻûϸ˵˶˼ֵԽ棬ʹԽǵΣҲᳬѰҲԽԵֵһã
ǰͺȵ
˹ˣδûýĶʧ񣬳û͵Ϯ뷨ǷӦ̫죬ҲǶϾǵĽңʵʵĳ䵱ڻңǰ̽·
µͨұڣ˹⻬ɫʯͷ֪ʲôʣʱܸоʯļӲ
ͨҲǼĴ󣬶ʮף棬ͷ·ϰ΢СҲ治֪صôס˹ĵطģʶ̫ˣʱҲЩֲˡ
ţ۱ˡţɫͻȻ΢䣬Ҫۣ쿴ܵȴ۱ˣ̫Զ·ռǿ谭۲쿴ķ
ҲǵһγˣʱҫǿֱӷϵۣҲƵ
νȻͬ޷ʩչӰˣԷӰ첢󣬽ţæȥ
Կһâɫߣһϣһ˹ͨգ޾Զ
ɫް˿
ֻҪƶĵƻڣ˵ɫҲѵĻǷ϶Ҫǣǲֹͣǰ뿪ˡ
ԼʮӣͨԽԽߣԽԽͬʱµĵҲ˱仯ɫһƬͬƵģɢΧұϣͬɫͨĶÿһξ룬һȭͷСĹǶ棬âȱ֮ǰĵǹߵĶࡣ
һĻ˷˵ľ裬Щţ˿ʱǴ׹֮ӦĹţ֮ǰЩǹ⣬ɹ֮Ĺ㡣
ǾһĻģֻǰǹ͹ţǻӰڳǰģȴʵĴڡ
ͻȻĸоǿ֮ɱǰӿ˻ͬСƵģĿ΢ɽ֮ʱ쳣ΣתͷȥȴûƵĸӦ
˶ͣ
Ǹؼ߲ôߴ٣ǰȥ
ʮףûκΣա
ʲôȣΣգǴСȡһ·ûκΣգҲ˷˾裬ںĴţһ˵ţһ߲мĻعͷȥҪЦһ˹ˣȻͬȴֻ޾ľ֡
桭Ĵд˹ﺰ˳
ؼʶ̧ͷΪ˵ԵʣĶЩӲ̧ͷʱͿһŹâͷϲ״ͬʱǿҵ˼µĿ־߬ס壬á
˵¶֮ɫԼȫʤ״̬δض㲻ȥ
˿
ؼɫͨʱϷĹâͻȻҡ˵룬ζĸҡҡ׹ߵ·ʱŹâֱ׹
һǰ˾ͬʯռһ˲䶼˲ҵϢ
~
УؼǱһɽѹ㣬˶鿪ȫʬ
ˡ
˹ˣȫĿɿڴ
˿Ǹؼ߰Ȼˣ˼ҲĶ֣ǹһ£ȴȫʬӦûС
ǿҵĿ־ĵ׷̳
˹ɫ԰ֽһ̣ǲᵽˣϹżĿ£ѹǿߣҪڻ̽·
Ŀһ۲գĶŹâʼζʼȵؼߺɱ֮Ҫûʱ򣬷Ȼ֡
͵ǰһͬʱҲӵ˷ϣһ̵ٶȣﵽ˷˼ĵزһ͵˹â
ʱ򣬿вȻһı죬ɼٶ֮죬˺ֵز
գգۣʹԭʧˣؼĵطٶȣǶĪʱ𾪾֮ɫ
ȴûע⵽ĶԵЩӲ㣬÷ٵı׶ˣսȻ࣬ڶ;̸·ȴܼ
~
һ̺ԥĳ֣âץȥͬʱĴɽ֮ҲǸֱϣ֤ܵ˺
ƺǲΣգâ׹ٶȻӿ죬Ҫߣɷ׼ãᣬ治ʮʱһѽ
~
âڷұţҪǿ˼㣬Ǹеָţײķ飬һҪץסߡ
ɫ΢䣬âؼ߶һٺɱɼǿ̶ȣɷȻˣǿ϶ҲһİգڵʵҲǷͬСɣ֮âҲǲضǿ
֮ӿޱȣͬһɽѹȥǽâסˣסķˡ
һ˲䣬·ı
~³һڳͷҲǳЩˮ
âȷʵ׺ޱȣ϶ˣֲǽղ˵ҪԴҺѹסˡ


466 ƽ
Сġ
ֱʱ򣬲Զ˵ľŴ
ӷȻ֣˲͵˹âǰ棬ֱѹ˲ſӦɼٶ֮죬֮ҡ
ǶףΪʲôȥôΣյĶҪ֪ովһؼߣССһŹâɱȻŷʵ˳ĶҲ̲סģ㿴ɹˣȻе¡
˹ˣȻǲȥ淽ģǷΪʲôôҲǷǳ棬ȴûһˣҿѯʡ
ȻҲûȤȥǵĺġ
֮Իѡ֣ȻԼɡ
Ԫ
ѹסŹâ󣬷һʩչԪâ̺
ŹâȥͬѰɢľȣܲ³̺ž˵Ŀֲ׺ɱһؼߣ˵һ㣬û˵СͬУҪ֪ǲָоһŹâץһͷƴĺޡ
ǣʩչԪ󣬷̿ŹâۿɼٶѸʧţһٵ֮һĴС
ָоͺԭΪʵǦ⣬пһȴյģѹһĻǰ󷴲֮
ϣȴû̫ྪ㵵顣
Ȼ
׹ʱ򣬷ͿıʣǴôСǻ麣ˮҲͼٽĲԶԶ麣ˮˣź;ĲȻǷǳԵġ
ôһ⣬ҲʮǴʮ׵Ķ׹ҲԶԶԣɱһؼߵģ˵һͨ˶δɱٴǲ߱ɱġ
ôһٺɱؼߣԷ㶼û㣬ȻΪڹâĶˡ
ǿһ㣬жϳԼѹסźԥĳ֡
ת䣬Ĺâ类̰㣬գϣȻԶԶ޷ᾧȵģôᾧٷ֮һδؼϣԷ˵ǺģΪŪĵʲôҲô
һƽɫڷģɽ֮š
Ŀ⣬ƽϡ
Уɱλؼߡ
ءԼǿ
ǿҵѹɢǿ˷Сѹ·ǹڸƽ
⵹˵ƽʲôԻ˵ǻۣϵѹƽͷ϶ǲСǿţҲʲô߽ҿϹżɴ󣬻һ𰸡
ĵرҲᾧȷš
һƽͽʼ½ϹżȤԽԽˡ
ǰ
صԭأʱ˹˶ʱɫ
â׹ƣԼɱͬ飬Ǵʱη壬ǰǵ
ǲǰǾ
һѩʣʮûһǰһǰ
üͷ
ȥָһӡ
ָ˻һ¶ǿҵĿ־壬ʣ½ӹһٵ˶ʱһΣܶһҲǺõġ
ҡֻ˼ߡӲʶĿ˹ˡ
ͼҲԣؼ߶һٺɱˣСС˼߸϶磬Ҫǰ̽·ҲӦ˹Щؼ߲Ŷԡ
˹ĵؼߣ̲סƿڴݺݵĵӣ޲˺
ϻʲôȥȥһؼΨַı뷨ǰݺһϣǵؼߵĶ֣ҽһʱߵı˹غ«ǰʮס
ߣҧ˶Ц
ǽ޵ĿһУͲȥͬЩˣӱޱȱͿڽ˹ʱ򣬿һײеĹ֣µģɲǼߣдͨˡ
һţҲڱѩ̵棬˺һѺۡ
Щʣµ˼ɴײλãӣȻ˵ֵԼ£˹ҲǿҵԹޡ
ӴӵװҲУΪװĻʹûüֵûüֵ³Ǿ
ԹĿ˹һۣľǰȥԴ̧ĶŶĹâ
ٲ棬벻ס
ԥ£ҲǻȻһһ߲ͷҺõһŹâ׹ûеڶŹâ֣ȻʹͨЩȴǸеȫ
ܿ죬ߵ˵ڶŹâ·
˫ȾҲţһһŲǿҵĿ־߬࣬òײųŵûлԹȥĹâζ׹ʱһҾ徵ĲҽУҪźȥ
۾ûֹ
ӵһŹâĹ켣ֱ׹ģȻٶȾˣɱϾܸߣǰǸؼ֮ûзӦΪûз֣ע⵽ʱѾˣˣȴ֪˹âĿֲһеƣ̰ܡ
˹ˣ̲ס˿âҲ㹥ʽĻôҪҲ¡
ȻǷ֮ʱֱ׹µĹâȻڿлһȣı䷽Ŀ꣬λӣٶȱ֮ߣǿ˲֪١
һǰƣɱ˼Ѫſϰݣ˹ϵ̡
~
ڹâҪʱȻ֣͹âݺӲ¡
â䣬Զ˿ǿ˱͵˺üͷƼ˳ȥʮĵطˤ˸࣬ϼˣôǱסˡ
̤̤̤~
ǿޱȵľ͵ӿ˹ɫҲ˲Щ԰ܵһЩ𵴡
ǹâȴǱӲĵͬǰһŹâ߬жá
ǿ΢
ڶŹâĳԶȵһŹâǿʵҲӲȻⲻ˵ڶŹâȵһŸǿڷӦǵһŹâɱ˵ؼߣһǰԼĵ˲٣ȻҪȵڶŹâ׶Ը
תԪת۾ͱոɾõ˵ڶƻƽ
ͬʱǰӲĲҲǱ𣬻ָ״̬
عͷ
һΣһ˼ߣڼʶǴģǵĿ־ҲǼ١
Ȼᣬô콫еڻȫþ
ϹżĪ⣬ǰ滹֪жΣأڽ˵һͰڻҶõˣǻôȥ
һСʱ󣬷˻ƽϰףĻƽҲǴﵽ֮ࡣ


467 ֲѪҺ
ʼ½
ƻƽƯڿУɢǿѹ
׾ܿͬһԴ˴˼ںϵļ󣬵վЩʲôԳںϳһ塣
̶̵İ·̣˹˵ȴһôá
Ȼڹâµʱ֣ˣನĺ¡
͹âӲ̫ǿ󣬶䵱ն˾̫ˣˣܻܲҪ
⵹Ƿѡֵʱԣǹâٶ̫죬㣬նͱɱˣ磬ǷƱҪڿնڿӲâ£ɱҪܵˡ
ΪЩˣȻôҲ⡣
ҺֻˣҶ˼ߣʼλѩʣµˣʮˡ
ɫֻͨһٶףۿźܿҪͷǰĹ߼ΪͨĶ࣬Ҳ
Ȼߵǰ˶סˣ˹˸ǻжǿ־塣
ʣµʮףֻһйâҲ˵ܵĹֻһΣ˹Ǽȿ־ǣ⴦ĹâȻŰ
һŹâɱ֮κһˣŹâ¾
˹˵ء
ǰǳâڣ󷽣Ϊâ׹䣬ޱȣֻܴӰٶ⿴һ΢Ĺâ
̶ʮ׾룬ȴ
۾
ŹâƴܵСӲһ£ŹâȴǴ˷ͷ
ԲܽģǿĻǵ˲ɣΣصϹżˣ
ҪһأҲܼ򵥣ڻȥˣֻҪĹŹâҲа¡
㲻ǰĿ˹ˡ
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ѾȷˣϹżɳĮһޣ˻ԥǱúơ
жжϹżǱѩ̵ģһǵġ

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һһᣬ˵Ϲż˱
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Ϣ˭ģѾûȥ׷ˣڸҪģ̽Ϲż˽Ϲż˹ϹżϣΪ֮
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472 ǿƼϣ
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˻ʱûоκ
ǵ¼ΪأضǶתҲڼʱ䣬ûʶȥһŷޣֵķзϹżǷŪ
кѣ˫Ҫյһ˼죬Ǻ飬Ҳû˻ȥ롣
ȥϢɣò˶ãҪȥϹż㲻ļ˵ĻҿˣȥС˰š
˶û飬ҲȷʵǸеƣˣҪǾϵƣȻˣҲʱס˼Ϣһ
˸绰ǰźסޡ
ߺ󣬷һȲ裬ߵ˰칫Ҿ޴شǰ·УĿġ
Ѿȥˣηչ;ȴɡ
֮ѡʱУҲ˼ǵģҪĿľڣעĿ
ϹżǺεش顣
˭ռȻƣҲ˵ĵ㣬֪ǲھϹżˣ¶ϹżһС
־ƣԷǶԣǼ䲻ġ
ΪѪĴڣ÷ǰϹżŲĴգעҪǣγǰδеĴ˳
ǣȻǲģΪѵģǿߣž޴ƣϹż˽ҲˣҪϯȫĴ˳м½ȡ棬Ҫģ϶ڲغԼϹżժȥܳΪ֮ʸڹؼʱɱһٽ
ϹżŲˣڱصõġ
ΪĿģǲŻѸٷУҲʱֿѾ˹ˣҲᱻת߻߲
ѩǺֻ֪ϹżģǾ˭ȴ֪ϾǵϳΧڱŷк˹弫Զ޳ĪϷжѸٺأҲǲ˲
ֻҪʧһʱ䣬Ͳõⷽ⡣
ҲƣҷҲŵõϹżŲָһ֣ðΣգܷһֺôĺôܾοǻԼûǼʱ֣ͱѩ̵ɱˣʲôò
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ƵķչѭŷҪķչȫ綼Ҳǳ˷ԤϣҲɼϹż֮
ڵɳĮӿ˴ˣȫڸ򶦶
ѩѩǱû춯ãɳϣЦѯʵ
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ˣʱû춯ϹżǱߵ鱨ȴ˿ûзɡ
ҲǺġ
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Щ˵о˵ļ߿޿κΡ
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мʮˣɵؼߵżٸƽһǧ棬δػһؼߡ
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·ˣʱŷӦæҪԮȴ˵סˣе𾪸ǿҡ
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ڣ֪ڸģ
Ц쵽䣬·ǰγʲôŷƵ̽أɫĽһǰ˵ȿߵķһˣ̲ס˸·ھκ֮Уɼ

ΪǶȵĹϵֻΪǴȡģֻķˣ۵Ḷ́п־֮ɫ
ˣǲҪܵġ
գҴɱ䡣
ĿĮһ˵Լ棬ų͵һӣɫ⻪һǿ˺ĩ


476 Ӳѩ
ɱ
һɱˣɱڵ˶㡣
ķŵĻ̼䣬ͬͱһնɱĿ⿴͵ػعʱͻȻܵʧˣϸ룬ķ﷢岻˻Ҳ֪ƴĴӵҪ
˵ĽǶȣǣˣһҪһֱڱķһɱˣһƺɵˣ˲ϸͬ鱨ֱ
˵ʲôͷ
ӣȻҪϱѩ̣
ڶԷĺ棬Ŀһеˣǲ٣ڷȻɱ˱ѩ̵ĵ̣ʩ֣˶˷
ǿǱѩ̰֮һΣȻսôһȻֵþ塣
һЩûˣҲǷ׷״ȴ֪֪ס·ʱʱǵһԷսѩ̵Ľڴ
~
ӶĲ˼飬ܵǰʲôһķ顣
½߲㣬ʵΪӣʹóҲˮǴߡ
ȻҲΪϹżʱ̵̫̣ܽĽԵʣǽȫȥҲǲܺȱġ
ķŲ·вһֱں棬ѪҺ㶳ᣬ£ӲҲһŽ޷ͣ˼ֻӣɱҪķ·ѩֵ췭ظ
ͬʱҲûзŹΧһ©˳֣ķȥŽԷһɱ
һ
ӳһƤڵʵıɱǵˣķ⣬Ǳ֮ս©֮㣬ʣһˡ
ӷķһǰһ󣬴ѩ̵̣ɱǰˣȥ·ʵϽȥʱѣѩΪ˴Լĵ̴ɱ䣬ȻǱŭ쳣Ҳ˷Ӧ
󵨡ɫ۵ĵؼߣ˷ǰ
ǽӵѶ̸Ȼô򣬾ȻŪģǷŭ˼㣬Ŀ⾡ɱ
ףѩ̵ĳˡ
кϷˡ
Զˣʱ°ȻЩɫ۵ˣǱѩ̵ĳϣҲֻǣʸ˴š
ķ
һΪ׵ĳԹۣ̿ĹؼķϣҪȱסŪԵɡ
Ȼ꣬ǱģҺйصһУҪ
Ϊ׳׹
⣬ðѩ̵Ĵۡ
ȥɱ顣һؼЦһȻ˳ȥѹû
ԷͣжʵȻܽѩ̸췭ظΪ߲ﶼϹż²ڳһͱնɱˣֵõڱѩˣ硣
Щɫ۵ĳϳ֣ķجҲЩоӰεѹҲ֮ᣬ̻æˡ
ˣķҪţ̵ǣʲôΣգҪƽ֮Ϊ׳ķļͳ䣬˵Ļ⣺úÿţôðߣ˺Ƭ
˵꣬϶ȻķĻȴǾҡ
飬ĳϳ嵽˷ǰ֮ɫ֡

ȴûһۣһӣʱо·һ޴еУ˷ӿǿƴ˺ѹûЧӦԣϵǿͱͬһ޴ĺ嵱ͷ£ʱĩ
ڷǰؼڵֵûбºһ㡣
ǿ
Զսˣͫ׼ǿס˹ء·Ҳо𣬱Ͼǰûд󶯸ɸ꣬һƵᣬ˵ĳȻǿչûд˿ĸǿҡ
ʵԶ縣˹ء·Ҳһ
һһһؼ߾ͱɱǺεʵ
ѩ̵ļˣȴȫɵˣΪ׳Ϻһ⣬ȫǵؼڣ϶٣һɱҲһɱǡ
һϣñѩϻ֮ҾͲţˡȷӦģΪ׳ϣôҲǵؼڡ
ʣ༸ˣҲǷӦǿѹ˶ԷĿ־塣
ѩϻ֮Ǳѩ̵ĵ֮һΪʱ䲻Ȼĵ̣Ȼޱȣֺϻ֮ܽ˵󻯵ķӳ
ؼڽߣؼڣһʩչѩϻ֮ʵܺ͵ؼڿһᣬ˵ľˡ
˶˵ͳһöɢű亮İɫҩ̷ȥʩչѩϻĻЧͷѪƣʹù൱صĺ֢
̸о̷öҩ˵Ϣ侹Ȼˮ齻ڵĸо
ǱѩϻѩҪƴˡ˳
ģ𺳣ѩϻĵƶóɼǶѹֱÿֲݡ
ȥɡ
ʱҲ׼ֱվһλǵϢҲصķʽһǺȻѩϻֻ֮˷·һ壬ʸ˳͵ײ˹
۾΢΢ƺˣ˵ΧƮ¶ëıѩҲͻȻθߵ۷塣
⵱Ȼĳ˱ѩɢӰ죬ӦҲǱҩйء
Ȼ֪˼ѩ˷𹥻̲סȻɫ䡣
һײһ壬˵ĸоͷ·һߴѩɽ渲ŰѩãϢɢ˲Եֵĸо
СҪԿ
ñ̬ıѩϻ
Զ˷׷ɫ䣬Թۣܸоһǿ󣬸ӭеķˡ
Цִųֱջأһȭ˳ȥӲѩϻ
ɽȭ
ԹûоΣ׵ıѩˣȴ˲ɫ䣬Ǹоŷһȭ·һΡ׳ȫ嶥ĵĸɽƾճ֣ޱȵײ
ΡɽǵıѩϻǲԵСֵһᡣ
~
޴ĺȻпһĻˣо΢΢ζɵɫ䡣
ѣѺۣΧı
ɫ΢䣬ɫЩ԰ףȻº䣬Ѹٺת۱ѩǱߣȴޱȡ
ؼڽߣֱڿбѪʬ޴棬ؼڽߣҲ⵽شѣѪҪ߷ݰ׷ɳȥ


477 
ʤ
⣬ôܣ
ѩϻȻ˲һ
ԶսˣƴԼ۾ǲǿˡ
Ȼǿ˱̬ĵزӲѩϻޱȵĻǣĴȴǲֵһᣬʵؼڣûмܰ쵽ɡ
ﶼ޾𺧡
ǲ֪ڵʵδսʤеؼڽߣ˲䱬ʤģ޼
ɽȭǺεȵǿǷǿĹֶΡ
ɱ
ɱӿɱķһ©֮㣬ǰ̱ڵϣżλϱɱܣﶼǾں߶ڸƺ˯ѩϻɽȭӲѣʱ򱻷һ˽ᡣ
ˣѩϳˣһ
顣
ŲһһؼڽǰҪնɱʱһԶѸٶ
üһûᣬȻӳȥʱȴûпĿϣһɫȨȣס˳
ҪɱˣûЦϵʱؼڽߺĩ
ɲһǷ
ţȥˡ
һʮߣ뷢԰ףһɫۣʵػǻƣҪԶ⼸֮ϣͷϸǴһᣬȥͬ߸ϵĵǡ
ʵһˣڶԷǰ˵
ڡ
ϳ˶ԷĴ磬Ҳֻбѩ̽ڲŻС
ǵؼڽߣѩܳΪϣҲǵϹǿ֮һ
ΧˣǾɲ
ǵӡУλڴһֱǿºͣͬȰĳߣ¸Ǵݣ̩ɽǰ治ɫҲǱѩ̵ľ䡣
ȻʱĽڣȴѿ
ѩ̽ڵ飬Ȼòȥ˹𣬾ñѩ˽ˣؼ˷һؼڣһؼڻԶκҲʵ
˵ѩ̵ʧûݡ
˴ʧûܰȻܣؼ߿ؼˣѩܹҲû٣ˣʣ½һˣҲ޼£Ųһ
ýѪģǲֵ֪֮ô¡
֪˶ɱˣ㻳ɣǾ˹ˣҲ֤ݣΣû֤ݣ˭׵﷽һ
ڵ飬Ǽӵģ޲ɱˣӨȨϣһСȱʱеıŭ˳
Ǳѩصı֮һǽݵ
ڴŭӶˡ
ʶķҲþӨȨȥֵȡһںڲ۵Ȩȣͷ
ȻϬɽڵʵҲںȨȵĲҲ쳣ӲһʱҲ޷֮ϡ
~
಻ϵײתۼ˫ͲϰٸغϣںȨӲƴ˼¡
Ȼǲܣͬѹ
ԶˣǿĿѣԣǵؼڲεս
ԭЩɣͽڴһ𣬶˿·磬ǶʱòһʵҲǵؼڡ
~
һ죬ͽڵӰȻֿŶϳصںȨȣ࣬ϵİɫϣһۣɫп
һսĽȻǷռϷ硣
˶Ǵ۾ȻѾ߿˷Ҳû뵽ںͽڵսռϷ磬ռıҲһ
ͬҲʵһ֣ûܷϡ
ڿһ֮ñѩ̳Ϊǿ߰ڵؼУǰʮĿֲ
ռϷ磬ɼǿĳ̶ȡ
˶˫ĿŹ⣬Ȳȥˡ
Ԥս󣬷Ȼ쳹ȫһԾΪ
֮裬Զ侲ضŷʹ֮ɫ˿Ρ
һһ˴֪ʲôǳԿúԼ°ɣҪǲˡ
˶ЦǶӴ˿˫ǲ𣬳һܽʲô滰û塣
ѩ̹Ȼشʧ֮ǣҲֽס𣬵Ϲż֮¹ȥ󣬱ѩ̳Լ˹壬ɱ˹ˣѾˣҲͲùǡ
˫ȴǴӴ˿̿ʼ
ûм˵ʲôϻڱ˵뿪Ҳ˳˱ѩ̵Ӫء
˫ûƴס
ȷʵǿаӮҲ֤Լ¶ƴ˵ˣεǿˣǷҲֲúá
Ӱռ䣬ҲҪʱģȻݣսУҲ˲ȫֹ뵽Ӱռ䣬ڿռзĻûôȫ϶Ӳǿȵķ
ƶܾȷɰĳƶ˷϶ǲԸģһᱩ¶Լơ
ҪĻǣǽڻǷй˼ɣǶﲻƴĳϣܾ˵Ļֻ˼˱ˣôõĲֵĻᣬЩ϶Źġ
˵ģŷҵˣ;Բᡣ
ѩ̣ͬе˵ġ
Ϊ㣬ڽ֮󣬷κβ˶Էһĺ֣˳֮ûôãɽȭʹ֮ǰûչ¶ͬеơ
صԭء
˶֪˷սѩ̵ϢҲ淽˰ѺȿռϷ磬Яʤ֮ƹʱʱϲЦտ
ΧˣǲԾó˴Ƭռ䣬ǶԷ˵Ŀ϶
ѩռݵĵ̣ȷĿյأ˺ֹҲӦõĴ㷽ǵˣԶȱѩҲһ
Щ˵һͱѩ̽ڴƽ֣ռϷˣҺ仹ƣλ꿡أһȻǷ㰡һ󳩿ĴЦ
ȥֻ۷ɺһ˴˵ˣ۷ɣǡ
Χ˿ǣǷ׷ÿ˵·ηȻҲʶˡ
˳֣⡣
磬ԭλãȻＫԶ˷ҲûǣڵѶ
ҲӴޱȣܺһСΧŽӰȺţǵİΧȦҪ󣬸ֲҪҵһȻûô׵ġ
ϲϲЦе
Щ֮ȥ𺳡
ȻԤϣǵؼڵʵûվǱżֽңɵȷӲѩ̵Ϣһǲʶ˺ƽƽʸǿ


478 ǿʮ
۷ɺĻΧȻ϶ڻģΪͬһԱѩŵģ֮ǰ֪ϹżҲ϶ˡ
Էһ֮ñѩ̳˲ɼǿ
ȻߣҲΪԼδػǱѩ̽ڵĶ֡
ؼڽ棬Ҳǿġ
ܺͱѩ̽ڴƽ֣ռһϷ磬˵˶ܿ˫ûоȫҲ˵һЩ⣬ʵп֮ϡ
𾪣۷ɺû̫š
ϾǺͷĹϵһֱ㲻ҪĵģŷңԴӺŷҿսǰͲöԷܵù
¶Цݣ˺š
ôƵģҿɲţԶΪѡ
һкͷ˥ܵļǾԲĲϼţȻֻҪһֱǿʢǵ̬ʼնǺͰס
ڵƷ֮ǰҵѡɽۻ÷ǡ
ҲǺģǱվ۷Ȼϣðҡǵĵλ
ž顣
ѡλò̫ãȥɣǻĵĶ϶ұ˴ҲиӦܣ̲סüЦе˽顣
룬͵˵ͷ
ѡȨ֮ƣΧһȦ⣬Ҳȷʵ̫㣬˵λòá
ĵĽʵȫ磬ǰġ
ռݵĵ̣ҲλüõĶ棬͹ڵһЩ
ڷԭλã棬һ
ѹΧ⣬˻ȻλȻԶġ
ŷңȻͬڶ棬ɺԶԶģ˴˼жԵĹϵչ¶ţιȥʱ򣬳۷ɺˣŷŷҵĵ̾
һĿ⣬˹ŷҵˡ
ǵ临ӣʹޣη
Ȼͱѩ̽һսҲ֪ˡ
Ŀȥŷҵ˷׷ƿĿ⣬Һӣֻһû
ŷ
ϣŷҵˣŷ
Ȼһλؼڽߣһ㲻׳ͷ¶Ҫŷˡ
Ҳԩˣյķ˺Ƥ
ϧˣϴûɱ۷Щϧ
Ŷˣһ֪ϴζֵĽأɫע⵽ĿƳ˹ȻǴηְǣ˲ûлɵģǿ޹ı飬ԭͽһĻɣҲ֮ɢ
˵˵շɱȫûʵҲϧһ
ĵ̣۷һȥԱߵԾÿ˴Ƭռ䣬ڸˡ
ӳ۷ɺУҲǵ֪µĽչ
ȷʵҲֵ뷨˭ȴûдһֱЭ飬ڵѪҺʧҲǶв²⣬ûвµĵȥ
ٹСʱһ飬ˣȻҲǵʲáЦŵ
ʲô飿
߼Ļ飬ֻЩˣвμӵʸǡԱߵ۷΢΢Ц
Ļⳡ飬ͻж
Ȥ
ʵ߻飬һĽзǿʮˣ֮ԻֽзΪܲμ߻ģֻеؼڽߡЦе
˼ǣжʮλؼڽߣ˼
˵ͷ
켶ߣڴ˵еҲûֹһԵؼڻϾͿԳǵǿˣݲȫͳƣϵĵؼڣжʮˣȻ֮Ի˵ȫͳƣΪһЩǿߣֻƫƧӲҺҲڲͣı䶯ԹϵҲ󡣡
ӦýǿʮˡЦ
۾ʣһԼˣҲʽıԼʵ
ʮؼڣƽ棬ųһ⼸Ҳǵ͵ķָ
ȻҲܻǿ߲ڣ֪ˣＴУҲ̫ġ
ˣǸٺʡΧݹȨĹ֪ǵˣûбǿʮ档
ȻԷһֱûг֣ɷû˵ģʼǱž衣
ʱĺܿ죬תۼСʱ͹ȥˣڼҲвˣͼӰȺһЩ˻ŻҲһˣӰɱѪҲԻٶȣš


479 ʮǿ
߻飬һС
Ļû̫ĵط˿ܽ˼ģǵ
۷ɡ˵ʱѾˡ
һˡ
˽˵Ŀ˹۷ɺˣҲǵһμˣ˵Ŀֻͣ٣ͷʾһ£Ǵкžڷϡ
΢΢һ漴˳
ڷǷͱѩһս˼ûĿãҲºѼϣһϳ֡
λǣɡһĻεӴλվŵܸ˼㣬ǰ»ɭļ
ȥλԳǰ»գԷûֿУ˼Ե֡
Ժλϡ
۷ɺˣȻ˽ģͷĽöٴĿԣһЩϢҲǲĹģλ»֮һ
»ɭŷ޴½֮һɭļؼڽߡ
ҲһʵϣܳΪؼڵģÿ˶Ųͬ׵ľǵĹдһ飬ɻǺһ
ź͹緶װģΪڵļ壬һгǧĹң۷ʱ̣ƿعŷ޴½㴫еڣЩ˥䣬Ȼ֮һԲڱѩ֮¡
»˵ʵҲǲСͬǰʮʵ֮ѩ̽ڣҲȥ
÷Щȵǣ»ʮֵ顣
յ˵ֵٳɫҲչǳ˵㣬ǲҪ˵ġ
ȴ˵㣬»޵ԼҪ󣬲÷Ȼ
»Ҫˮ
ǳ˷Ԥϣû뵽λϹ徹ȻԼ
ϸȥĻҲȷʵܷ֣»ԼעأĴŴ綼һ˿棬ϱĻϸĻ·ֲһλһٵˡ
˷࣬ܳΪؼڵģ϶һ͵ġ
»쳣Ľ
˵һǰȷʵҲһˮǸʱкǳϵķˮҲΪǼðαӲƷƷû˸Ȥġ
԰»ݣȻҲȥ£ûȿʼѼϺ󣬲żȻ֪һ¼ʱΪڡ
ᵵβߣϷˮ˴ǮŪ֣Ȼ׬һʲŸģ̰Ĵۣʽ򣬱Ͼûŷʵ˻ȥġ
ٺʡߵӣԵʱӰŷ
ûпǣʹӦ
ˮеģͷҲһƿ˳顣
Ȼ»ûе⣬ǷҲ⽻ѡ
ʹ÷ˮָഺ󣬰»죬Է̬ȣҲǸ
ǰ»ĵطҲⳡ߻ľٰ췽
ţ»ʣ
ˣһǻݣ·һڵĻߣϻŹŹֵĻƣԷ޴½ĵؼڽߣһˣţ·˺ڰ֮УҲ۵һСľ׺Թȥ
𰮵»˵̬ȣҪ䵭ϲ٣ֲ񰮵»ôע󣬶ԷȻҲҪֵĶ顣
˵ǶԷе⣬ǶʼɷᣬֻߣķǱԭ
飬Ҳʮ䵭
޵ݣӲҪȥӭϱˣ䣬䡣
£ֶûУתͷ뿪ʹ˵ɫЩ࣬ܿͻָ
ĿǰΪֹˣʮ˵ĿȻԶȻ߻ֽǿʮˣÿζжʮμӣǶԷʵ͵λһֳ϶ѣеؼڽߣвμӵʸ
ļصײû飬ǾͲμ߻飬ϲμӵ˴ڡ
۷ɺҲϹż󣬲״βμ߻顣
һԣ߻˲μӣѾ˲ãǷˣϾǣĸ
Ϲżͬȫ綼䶯飬˵ĶҲǲ
ˣһε߻飬ɻǽ֣μҲһΡ
߸ģŷ
ڳ˵ĹϵȻǺϤͷԼ۷ɡǳУ˽󣬽Ͱ»˴˸кͶվ˽Ŀ
ƺǿ˸õͷ
ڰ˸ģͬǷУѩ̽ڡ
Ͱ»ˣȻȽܿʹ˸кɷҲע⵽»޿޵Ц棬ŵ
ʵѩ̺Ͱɭ壬ŷ޴½
䰲ɭ壬ͳιŷ޴½ѩ̵ȴǴһ棬˵ĹϵҪǺܺǲŽй£Ȼڱϣ˫չ¶
ǶǰʮǿߣûоԵİգײ˺ġ
Ŀ⣬ӷɨ˽ͲܣҲһ㡣
ĿɨһȦͻȻŷ
ľٶŷҲ
̸֮ʲô֪ٻܲµó
ȻǲϧһеĵԼˣ֪ԼŷĶӹϵȻҲпܣΪŷɢȥģ˵Ĺͬ㣬Ǻͷд𣬻Ҳǲܵ¡
Ӧûû鵽˹Ĺϵϣ϶˵鷳
Ͼ˹֮ûֱӵĹϵǿŲϵϵģѣǻ˾֪ģź˹ĹϵȴǺ֪
Ǻǣ鷳ˡ»Ц
ЦЦû⡣
ܶԷʲôžˡ
аյĻɭԸŷƽ»Ŀһ΢Ц
һῼǵġ˵ͷ
»иɵѩ̵ͷҲȥ˵ӣ÷ȥƴȻ֮£붼룬Ҫó
ˣɭ֪λжμ߻顣ͻȻʵ
»ЦЦʮˣλû
һܼܿҪڵһλ˵һʱ»ҲЩأóҲǷǳļɵ
ǰʮİ»˼ɵȻҲǰʮߣϾѩ̽ˣˡ
˵䣬ھҲܿ쵽ǰĹĵؼڽߡ
ֻʣһˡ
ʱһһȥڵգҲЩ
˵һˣǺηʥǾŸ˵һҲ̫Ƿ˰ɡŷ̲ס˵˹ֻͷһֱĻڡ
Ļ»˵ʱĹŹѩ̽ɫ΢䣬ֹʱѡ

һͻȻ˽ţصһƿ


480 һ
һߴŮ˴˽ߣһ׾ңҲ˿ѷɫǴףϸһа˴ֵľ޽ȥ쳣ء
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486 ޴Ƹ
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һٶÿѡһֵģʣĶһԶˣһѣڳظЯܣЩȻǾ˵ģڳǵؼߣȴ˿Ӱ죬Ϊ̫·㡣
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֪⼸õʲôԺУͻȻôһͷ

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룬һ׸ߵԲ̨洣һ׸ߵʯģǹŴ࣬ʯܣʯì
˾Ӹ£׾ܿҲмˣ·ǿһ¡
еĲȻ
Ǵվˣվˡܿ죬˾ķ֣Բ̨ϵĵ񣬻վ
·ǧûжƵģĶӲǵ죬ڻŽһ㣬Ķ˵ѹӿ
ʶ˼ǽڲźȻ֣ʱͨȻʧ


489 ֮
~
ĶȶԲ̨վ
~
ŲţǰһصĽƺ͵ײʱѵһ죬ƺǧûжĶɬܿ죬ͱԲ̨£Ϸ˻ȥȻߵĲ죬ȴһ޷ѵĸо
⵽ʲô
û⣬ԭδ֪ģǿ־壬˵ʱͨҲʧˣǳ
ߣװŪ
ȻҲˣ־޷һѩ̵ĵؼһŸոյõķﶼģʵĵʯ飬ޱȣҲģ֮ն顣
ڵϵʮ̨ʱؼһٶȳ嵽˵ǰɫţҲǺݺն˵ϡ
顣Եؼߵʵһʯȫ飬Ȼ𾪵ǣȫһֻն˵һƴСʯӴ΢
жʱ¶֮ɫȫһһ䣬ܴİûаķڶͶȻоȵΣԼϡ
Сġѩ̽ɫ䡣
~
һìӰƿԷ˼ٶȴ̵ؼǰ֮ǰӲĴ͸壬˵ϡ
ѪܿƵʳϷ·ξޣЩѪɣˣʯìڵϣĵؼҲǶȻ¶ݵĿ־壬ţȻ飬Ѫա
Ƭ֮䣬ϳ˲дЩƬҲҲؼߴڹĺۼ
Ѫ
ɫҲǱ˱䣬һ۾˳ⳡͿʱѪǺεƣԶѪĸӰԵ̰ӶԸǿ
ںͺߵɫҲѿޱȣҲ뵽ѪȻǲ֪Ѫʣǣǰĳͽϵ
ѵ˵ϹżΣգü
λô˻
ʧһؼߣڵɫ֮Ҳ⻹ʣȻǴҾͲţ޵еģܶô϶йŹ֣ҵҪ浽ʲô֡
ߵ۾
˽ڻ˼˹Ź֣˵ģһìͶסһؼߣǼֲʵˣŪ浽ô£ܶصĻôʣ϶ǽջˡ
ȻҲпǣڲ뵥Կˮ
ΣҲ㳢һ£Ϊؼڣǿ֮һһǶԼǿĵģ򶼲ӣǵԸǿҲһˣǿн˵ģ˵λؼˡ
ÿɷ񣬲Ҳûзԡ
ǿͨۼˣָԲ̨
ԣʱעʱӵŲֵԭĵطһͨ
֣д󶨡
ãҲк·ߣǾԵء
ɱڵĻعͷȴǷ֣ͻȻ˫ǰֿ˸¶ơ
һʶ뵽ʲô̻סˡ
һ̣һ죬͵ڵ㼲ͺͺأʱһ̹˷ײĸоҡ
ߵĶУʱһĲҽУεѡĿ꣬ǡ
һؼ߶ܲĶǽϣܿͻѪⶼյ˼ߣڵ·ߣͬ͵Ѫʧ
ߵ۾Ҳˡ
࣬ɱģ϶ǣֻˣСһĻѻᱻѡΪĿꡣ
˺ܿ춥ȥ
ںͺߣǵؼڵǿߣԶһĵؼǿĶ࣬ȻɱؼɱҪɱںͺߣȴûôס
ҲСĽǶٿһЩߣսԲܱ˵һѪ̾ͻᱻɵǰЩ˾õӣҲΪĹ˼ɣһЩΣԼĻᣬǺԥķ
ǣƣʣһӵϣԵ˷Ĺ
Щ˴ӽϲÿһѳֵķʹǵʵҲǸвǽںͺߵĹÿζµһ
ܿ죬ٵķ֮һ壬ʯìʯܣȴûܵӰ죬κ棬Ʋ˿Ѻۡ
ҲǸ˴ۡ
ںͺߣǣסйһֻ˿ڣǼΣյģķ֮һ壬Ĵۣлһǵؼߡ
ŵٵ壬ҲǾ
۾ûж֣ϸ۲ŵĶȵһιþ¶֮ʱ
ڡͺһƮƮģȻٶȴǾ˵˼㣬˲͵˵񱳺󣬽ţһȭ˳ȥ
һȭȥƽƽ棬ֻһֳصĸоΧ˶ûʲô쳣ڵһߵĽҲһȻĺߣȴȻɫ䣬ов
ֳصĸоѹ
Ҫ֪ǳನָоܵĻ
鲻Խĺ˼߿ĿУʱ˾ء
ɽȭ
ǿ
~
ȭͷݺӡ˵ıһ죬˼ɽȭһ̷·ڻζ
ޱȵĵֱӱһȭڵײϷǽڣڰ;Ȼѿ°ֱӱһȭ飬ִʯܵҲ׹ڵϷѵһ죬еıǲҲ̶ãѺȭͷ㣬Ǳһ󶴣ֱӽĸᴩ
һȭͺ˵񽫽һ壬Զս
˵¶ǿҵľ֮ɫ
һȭֱþ춯ݡ
ʵʵڵǾţʤ˿ֲıҲǰ첻ġ
Լսʤһ̣ڵĶҡܿ죬ͱ档
ΪĹⷢû֣Ҳ׼Ҳɲ³һĴ֮
ٱ̬Σս֮УҾԲġЦ»ָġ
ڽˡ
˿Ϊ˵ʱǵ
˳ȥֻǼĵ񣬾ȻִǽֱĶǽϴʯͬҺǵ˵ȫȱʧܿ죬һõĵһγǰ
һĻ˶ͷƤ
񣬾Ȼǲ֮



490 Ϲ
ôֲһȭûܸɵʵݻ˼սȥ
һֲ쳣ô򶼴Ĺ⻹ô
ǿѪ֮һˣ³ңûпܴȥȫ޷С
Ӧ죬йâһʱǿʯְܸץУţǵǰͺһߺεķܣӿ˵ٶȣҲǷǳ飬û˿
ŵûгۺ壬ѸٴԲ̨ͨʧ
ʯܱߣƺҲŭٶ̼ӿ졣
ںͺдǷӦһʱҲǲҵæԼ˳ͨѸ뿪
塣
ͨã˾̴壬ָĻ巢ҲǱ
Щǿȼ󣬼ҲҪСӦ
˵ǣЩһԵĻ⣬ЩĻ桢ˮҲһԵģռеıСʹãǰ濪·ĽڵˣҲҪϮռ˶ٱˡ
ڶ࣬׷Ϸ
⣬⵽ô£Զɽ㶵ʱйζǵĿֲ̲ס˸
룬ûѡǰĻ᲻ЩΣգڳس
ϸǰʱȷʵûʲôΣգȥʵĲֿǰĻҲһ㣬ڿĲΣԴӽһж
ֲĵ񣬻Щ˼壬Ѿķ롣
ûõģûбֻͨѡǰҡҡͷڳصĽǰҲ벻ֵ¡
ô˶ǿ߳ڳ˼š
~
һŰ˴Ļ׹Ȼû䵽ϣڷΧĵػ͵ȥŻɵˡ
Щ棬ܺ͵ػᲢۣ³ֻбһ
õĵػ𣬽ĵر̬ǲȫģҪɱĻԼһĻԵػ棬ȻĻ棬ȴͨǿ࣬ɱǾˣǶԵػЩô
ӳ£ء
ʵڻһ£Ϲ᲻Щ񣬻֮йءͻȻ
˶һ
ûпǹϹʱʱȻ
ǸϹ϶ǿһӹɣȴˣ˵ûгǽϹͻȻģĻסլ֮ĵطӦû࣬Ҳǲõľ
û˵Ļ׾뵽Ϲĸ߲㣬ڽл顣
˵ĸо֮ͻȻ٣ĨϹ
뷨˲
Ӱǲ̫Ϲ֣Ҳ²⣬ӦıǸϹѱţڽ⣬ǧȺɳĵزԭһ룬ʲôϹǿѾеȷˡ
Ȼĳָܻ֮϶һǿ֧ţṩͨرպͿͬá
ټѪԼɱѪѪⱻʧ
鲼ϲ٣²㣬ʼȴ޴ڣǽ˶Էϳ
оǽһֻӴޱȵڣ塣
ǲ֪ԷʶģûʶģʹǣǲǳڱܣҲǲö֪
ĻôǾǲߵİϸ
Щ²⣬û˵˵ˣҲе˼顣
󡣡ڳ૵
ԴϹżѵֵ»𣿹ǿھͺܹŹˣұˣǰǶͨЩâҪġԶɽǷ
ΣҲû·ɫѿ
Ӻͨѵ죬Ȼǵ׷˲ܡ
Ҫ⵽ôһ£ǵû´ʹ϶ڲ
ʯܣΪ̽ࣿ˻Ȼ
ʯܣûκκۼȻڵġ
΢΢ͷЩϧһһѾǷˡ
˵꣬΢һ⿴Ƽ᲻ɴݵʯܣʱ飬ӷ䡣
һΣҾԲʧ֡Ŀ˺󷽡
ڼֲи׷



491 
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ǰأвĵ׷˵˽ѵľⳡ£ܾסԼͲˣϾǲĵ񣬲壬Ǳ׷ɱ֮̿࣬ﻹйȥġ
ȻҲ˶ˡ
ҪԸ񣿡һ㶣˷˼һβʧ֣ⲻ˵ᶯ
ǧҪ嶯ֲ̫ˣ࿹ûʤģҾԲţֹתȥ漱ˡ
ļеֻҪúûţҲŵļʵɽԲϣ£ȫҪҲᾡڷǰ棬Ϊȡ
ЦЦ
ı飬Ҳ֪ѾҲͲȰ˵ǶԷģ˵ܰ쵽Ҳ˵Ͼ֮ǰǾ춯صһȭҲĿá
ȻᣬԴС
һ·Ӵܣǽұ˶ĳҲûκ塣
ǽڣѾ棬ͨҲȫʧˣӣֻӳʱˣս䣬ֻܽ⿪ܣʾֱ࣬ĵˣǸܡ
·ɫ߶ûжѣֻҪһܻصУСȻǵ磬ƽĻⳬƶδЧϾǿҲĵĵرԶƿϣĹϵҲһСڿǿŵģʹãԶóƶ
ȻҲһϵڹرգҲȥ취ĻôҲɡ
ʱ̼ʱգȵһ컹ûгɹĻͻԥѡ뿪ǣܴһ뿪ٺò
ƶˣôҲֻܣڽҵȥİ취ˡ
һֱϣӦԼȤܡ
Ȼֲ֮˾
Ҳûа취Ը
ɽȭƻˣһȭʹ˵Ĵ壬ȭȭأ
ͻƵ½߲󣬲ɽȭǿ˼£ĸҲǴΪͣոɽȭʱ򣬷һȭ;ƿݣںޱһȭҲǱȽƣˣӰжڷֲ󣬴Ѹܡ
ģޱһȭԼҲ˲ȭȻĻĸɾͼˣɵĽ϶;ƿݣһʱʧȥս
ȭ
Ǿƴˣ㲻ҲҪԪˣƴͬھҲΪ
ȭܳԣȭĻδûлᡣȨš
ĵ
ȻȭĺҲǼصģڣɲҪС͵񣬻ҪС˵Ϯʱ򣬷붼ûƾ
ҪҸ취˦ЩˡͷƳˣüͷ΢塣
ʱϵԽãԽӦЩƣӦˣҲǸе쳣ĳ

ԼСʱ󣬾ҲǸеƣ֮ʱͨǵ˾ͷһССĴ󣬾֪ͨδͨ
ʵ뿪ͨ㳤ֻΪҪӦ壬ʹ·Եø
ǰľͨľͷӦǱҪĵطŶԣȻǰССʲôöûУȴƷһƲ⡣
΢
Ҳ˵Ʋˡ
û´ĻΪ˵ĻǴ˿̾ĸء
ڣӦǽ²ˡ
ϲ㣬Ӧ˵ûб鼰򻹲ǰٷְƿأסլѵ㳡ʲֿȻţ²㣬ǱȫƿˣıĲ֣ںܾǰӦǱҪĵطڣһССĴ
ıĲ֣ӰͨĹرպͿṩ֮
Ψһֵҵǣ٣ûо·
ǰ·ϾȻȫһԶķųϵвǳ˷⣬ѡ
⣿ʶΪ
ʱҲǲö֪
˹
ԥ£ܿѡߵܴͨɽ֮ӿţһżļʸ飬ˣ̤ͨȻûмŽȥ
ȴʮӣһǱӰȺͨ˳ǱޱȣڵۣͿԭģˡ
Ƚ϶ԣˣȴûжٱ仯Ҳ˼ɵ
ССĴʮ̱ӵûдΣ˿
нںͺӦǵˣҲʧʮ˵ľ־ήҵ˼㡣
ڵķˣںͺ㶣漴˶Էͼ
·С
֮ǰֻһͨûѡҲ޿κΣѡأϾֻһ׷˭·İȫ
޷ǰ£õѡ
ѡ
ĽŲ𣬲죬̤ͬ˵ͷϣ˵ɫ̱ˡ
ߡھƳ۷ͺߣ漴ʣµˣмĲѡұߵģʵҲûбѡˡ
ûйĻｻûȤ
˴˶֪ˡ
ûмߣȻļȴҲҴߡ
~
صĽŲͣ˶٣Ӵһ˴ԥ£ٲҪм
ЦָᵯһкХŷ˳ȥն˵ϣںߵļϻһѺۣת䷽򣬳˵λá
ʱŴˣ˲
ѡ˭Ҳ޷֤ԷѡһͼıķԣȻҪƿغһС
µͨصûٶȼǿҪô̶ֳȵѾǼˣҪôǣԷĿģЩĥûҪǿ
ˣһԶ֪ƣ׷ϣûһ̵ͣҪصвûһˣ֧ò˶ãͻľƣ׸
ַʽɸӵĸ
ߵĲ죬·ŽµأѰҺʵĵص㣬ĵŲȽŹ̶Ĺɣ;ĵطᴥκһ壬ͬȽ˽
ʮסʮסʮס
Զɽ
ס
ס
ۿŵ񣬽ߣǳʯì̽·ͱˣ˿ĭ鼫Ƚš
飬ȴʼƽü޵Σûݡ
ڡ
ˡڵˣʣ׵ʱ
վҲ¶Цݣ̧ͷӭŵ˹ȥĿ䡣
ͨ棬崦Ҳ˵ÿһط߻أֻĵط١
Ƿѡս


492 ټƽѪҺ
ֲ쳣ǷͼıҲҴ⡣
ڻв£͵սϾҪɵȫԸؼʱ̣һ崥п÷ٲľ
ǰĴǺܺõѡ񣬵Ҫǵ˵ĴڣԼƴƴȴñ˼˱ˣ޴Ĵ󣬷᷸ġ
أ
ûҲûиӵͣĽŲδͣߵǰʱʯìգһӰѸٴ
~
һӣǿе
΢ûк˰벽Ȼȴ˵ףӲýֹԼˣ۵ȴûκ״
ˡ
ȫĵطǷѡսϺ˾ͻ֮Уδ
ϣȫռˣ·硣
ҲǺģռϷ磬֮ǰںͺ֣ʹˡ
˿˼ףڰȫıԵļٵĿһս
ԳԷԼ֮ϣûѡӲƴǿʼӴȻ࣬վǷȱһЩ
۳ʯܣȴڵ˴󲿷Ĺס
Ҳ⣬ʵҲô㡣
һػʱ˳Ϊһ׶ߵĻ棬ݺ˵Χ¶̼
һУҲǱֵ˳ڵһѺۡ
Ȼ󲿷ֹվҲһС֣˵ϣޱȣһʯͷ
Ȼв֮Ҫܵ˺ʱŻᷢǰ;ˡ
ȵķ֮һ
~
Įĵ񣬺ϵƣʯìӶ͵ļƿݺݴ˷
һΣȴվԭأ㡣
ڡУȻǰδеâ
սˣ඼ֹͣûǷӦʯìʹ˷壬ص˵ϡ
һʵĵҲʯì˸һ׷Բӡ
Ȼ˵Ӧñᴩķȴʧˡ
һ̡
ֲ֮Ȼӵ񱳺󱬷˳
~
ͬǰһףǰĵ񣬺Ȼķѣ·Ǵӵ
˶סˣԼ۾
˲
һ˲䣬ԥĶӰ֮һ˲Ӱռ˲䴩˶̶̵ľ룬˵ı󣬸Ƕ㿪Ĺ
˲ľ룬ǹ̶ģ׽룬Ψһ
һȭѵķѣû֣֪ͣţͻѸٻָԥģһɽȭ˳ȥĸӷ顣
ȭһ壬ʱ;ƿݣɫ԰׵˼㣬һµûС
ڿɲϢʱ򣬵ϾͻָĿתͬʱֱ΢£ʱɷѸӿ˳˵ϵʯìʯܣԼԴĲ֣ͽռ䡣
ܸоԼʱĸֵĵֿǿǰĥսУҲǼ᲻ɴݵĲ֡
ܣϡ
һк󣬷һ뿪Щʯͷͬʱȡһƿʯ飬ﵹһѡ
ˣĿŵĿŵ档
Ƿûˣڵ״Ҳ൱Σգ⿿˵ĻԱƲ⡣
һӣӡ
ʮӹȥˡ
Զɽֻе˫ȷһƨ˵ϣҲûõȥ
˵Уҡ
ˣ񳹵ˣʮӹȥˣһʯ˵Ĳ֮ơ
ǡ󡣡滺³һڳ𺧡
ôԷģҲ뵽λؼڣԼλߵݣûа쵽飬һ˶ˡ
ָģ˿
ⷬΪڶĲȥƴһأ˵ǣɹˡ
ȵָ˼־ռ䣬ʼ½
ĸ֣ʼ½Ϸ
ĿȥܿӿţʵҪһȻڷԼ£ȴ޿κεı̶ĸλ
һǿʱ棬ĸʯ飬̬ͫ΢
Ȼ
ģȻڽ֮ǰͨϮ˵ĹУ̺ŵĻƽ
ĻƽܹںһγɿֲĻƽѪҺǷƽѪҺеĻҲǷǵ³
ʼ½ڣȻһλƽѪҺɽ÷뽫֮ŲҲɵá
ҲҿǷܿƵĶȡ˸ĴʩӦ½Ļƽ֪ᷢʲô
УҲСţ䣬ĲһЩȴԾ


493 ڶѪҺ
ơ
ʼ½ϿյĻƽ
ڵĻƽƣƣȻںϲɻƽҺεģҲҿƣҷɢͬһʱ䷢𹥻ģҲƣԷʵҲǽӲ
ԺУ˼·
˵ĻЩƽѪ
жЩףĿǰΪֹ￴޷͸
ȷһǣҪҳ࣬뿪ôΨһİ취ǣǰ
ߡ
Ƭ̺󣬻ָʵķӵվǰȥæϡ
һڷǰ
һΣͲưˣǷ˰ˣҲ֪˺δҲûȤ
˸ս̹۲
һ񡣡˵ɫ̱ˡ
һ񣬲ͬǰòĿһģҲͬ׸ߣᣬ·ѹҪǰ
Ҫ˵ԭʮа˾ţΪ
ûжƣһֻҲʯì˫ִһһ˴Сľ޴һĸо
ǡ˷ȫ𣿡۾΢΢
⣬һµĵ
²㣬Ѿͬ죬ǰʲô⡣
ԼεõĻƽ
һڽͨһ֮ǰ
εľһЩϸһµģһԵģԼȡ߻ƽĲþͷˣǱ޺ͨѵĵ񣬶ˣҲǿĥһЩζ
ˡ
˾ĿУµĵ񣬻
˺󣬵ͨȥصоǿѹ
񣬿Ҫ֮ǰҪѶԸ

Ц
һ٣ǰȥ̾͵˵ǰ𾪵ĿУ˫ͬУݺݵĲ˵棬ţ͵еĵķѣֽŷ룬˺˿
һĻϲɫ
ǰǹ𾪵ĹͿֲˣȴǺˣǰֹûôҲûơ
Ȼϣȴϲɫ
˫ֲȥ˲䣬͸о˲ԡ
̫ˣ׵ţȻԵİ˺ѿܿ췢Ƭ棬ûκһƻƽ
Ҫ©ӣҲǲаҡҡͷϵûжôġ
ĿɢصĵƬ˵棬ţɳʯӿһͬµٴԭ
ɡ۾
Ƭ̺
~
һ죬ԭվλãһ׵ĴӣȻһ޴ʯɽҵƿƵһˡ
ǵɫҲһٱ䡣
ÿֲĹԶɽ
ӵѿʼչֳˣֲĹκһǴ͵ľ磬ͬа㴵˼ϣ޴Ӷ䣬ѣ·һɽӭͷ£ױȵѹȡ
ǽڹսָо֪ӦԵķѹǺ֮
˿ɣһԼƱػᱻҳ⽴ɡ
ͬҽӡ
ƻʵ̫ˣûһؼĽ²⣬ʱģ¶ƻƽ
ܽӣ
ٶҲǼ죬ˣܶԷĹôʯ䣬ҲǲСвǣɷȴеػʹɽ֮ӿ֣зʯ˲䱻ݻ١
ȥ
ǲ֪֮ƣ룬ֹЪķ𹥻ɷУڻܶ㣬ʱһվģʱܲĻ
˲ȥˡ
ΣǵϣҪҲǰ档ˣž֮ɫ
ȻвǾӡ
ڱţӲǾҪᣬעۣ
˾æʱ
жȻ˱仯
޴һ˵ϣʯϵĺУĵ֮ԭ˺üףݲƽ
ƺûպҲзڣһͣǰб˼֣ʱʧȥƽ⣬ǻᣬûжץסΪϾͻָ
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ɽȭ
ޱȵӴıȻڰоͺȻ壬ķѡ
Ѹ٣̽Ǳ޴о쳣岿ռ䣬֮ƻƽʼ½Ϸ
ڶѪҺˡ૵



494 
ʮƻƽںϳһλƽѪҺ
񣬸ܹʮƻƽŷһڶλƽѪҺʼ½ͬǺޱȣͬɽѹ÷޷á
ҲûʲôĻƽԷûãҲˣԷʹɱУҲˣҲǷţʲô̬νֻλƽѪҺǲǻһˡ
˳ռ䣬ڷϢָ֮󣬷˼ǰ
ֻҪ·һֱȥǡ
Ȼʱû·Ҳ⣬ǿƿ˵ѶȷǳĴ󣬶ǵʱȴࡣ
Ӧǵڶ˰ɡ
Щڴǰ滹ʲôڵȴԼ
Ƶĵǲ̫⣬ڴη֮绢ƴҲԽԶԽõĿֲɱ֣߲塣


һϵʶ˯ѣΧ޾ڰӿţڷȡ˵ڶλƽѪҺ֮ʱģӺڰдݳ
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û˲һ仯ֻзһ̾ͻָҲûж룬ȻһЩȴǿʼ˾˵ı仯
λƽѪҺ
ˣ˷ռ޷ûȥ
ʧûܳܵˡ
緽ֵԼõƽѪҺľ߻ƽѪҺǴͷˣ˵ˣЩƽѪҺ󣬾Բóġ
ҲΪԽܡ
һĴڡ
ѩ̽ںͺߣȫ£һִ󵶺ͶƵĵ
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˴㵣ûӦоһվʼս
һ·ӣҲƣ쳣ںͺ߶ǴˣҲ֪һֱӴܵ³ǱǱɱվǱŽ类ߵ񣬲ʱǴӳϦнų
ң죬ͱµĵˡ
ˣˣƴһںͺ߶˾򣬴¿ʼƴս漫ҡ
ȥȻ˲һеƴ£ҲǱ˼Σ¾ۺϵٶҲǱǿϣ֮ҲǺģֻҪһֱսȥӮĿ϶ǡ
Ҫ֮ĴۣδֵܼǸʱ̣ʱûйȥЩˡ
~
ŽںͺһȫķѣȻ˵ϡ
˶Χʣµˣһƨ˵ϣȶʶĲš
ۣ̫ˡ
֪ͲСӷֱˣϧĨ˰Ϻˮ˻Թ
ֵһ𣬵ȴûͺ˵ˣοһ˭Ҳû׷Ȼǽ˷˵
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һȭȻǾ춯أڽںͺ߿ΪǣƣܴһȭģûǣƣζǶ֡
һ
ԴҲ޷ҲЩ⣬֪ˣӦһߣ˭֪ԺأңԷʹޣˣʹ졣
˵ûõģˣʲôãָٺĹս
ȻĬȫָ
ʱεĲӽӿٵ
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ӿɳʯ·ǻ㣬Էϯӵ濪ʼһ·ϷǣͬʱƣСȡһһ֡
ָ֮䣬ǰ
ңͬˡ
⣬ôܣ𾪵ĳͣŵĿǰһУ۾ﶼǾ
³ֵĵ񣬻ԭģҵȻȴǴ̫࣬ԭֻ׵ĸӣںȻε֮ߣǴ˺üȦȥ쳣Ӵ󣬾Ӹµ˴ĵ䳹ǵĺ
˵ڵĵǴ˵Ļô֮ǰսĵ񣬽һ廹δС֮Ĳֹ࣬ǵ
ѹͷϡ
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~
ֲƿը죬ƺһնˣӿѹȥø˲һվȵĸоǵʵˣɼһ˺̶ֳȣ䵱һĿˣȴ˲ͱѪ㻹ֵأûС
УȻһؼڡ
ϣ˵׵ĺ蹵һֱ嵽ǽǰֹͣĿġ
˵ľ
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Ǻܿͷ֣Ҳһ㿴õϣƴ֮սǳ׵׵ɱ
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ȥ
ߡ۷ɡһ޵ĵؼڽߣʼİĹؼڡ
ؼڽߣĵؼں͵ؼڣԼ˼ߣǲ˴˼⣬˶ѸټԱ
Ƭ֮䣬ˣͼԱһϡ
Ĺĵؼ⣬ߡ۷ɵˣ˵Ȼʵı仯£õӦԡ
ҲǼԱʱ̡
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ߣûʲô
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֪ı仯ϵĻǷҲԲǶ֣ʱҪסˣǧˡ
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ǵڲͬҲҪȻĿͨĳڣָͬһڡ
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495 ִ
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̧̧Ƥϵ鶼ľˣ˿ûУڵĿϲ
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һͨߵͷȻĳ棬ʱվΣûϼȶŲͻᴫǲòǰһһεظͷϣ
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˭֪һ㣬ûκΰ취Щ׷ŵĵֲ̫ˣӵĻͻ
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ǡǰĳסˣǽĽ²㣬ӽʼʹûĵطܵʶ϶ǲ򵥵ĵط
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»ˣȻҿӣ絽˲ʱ䣬֪϶ûе׷ɱôҴֵϢ
˭˵ûС»ЦɻָָԷİɣǲģԿ档
΢ʱѵĹԽŲҲʱɫǰ»ˣ黹Ǻƽ
ˣ̹ĵĵ񣬻߽۽磬ȻҲʱĽŲȴͻȻͣԭأָоͷ·ͻȻʧȥ꣬´ӻģٲһɱؼڵĿֲ񣬶һͨͨʯɵ
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ڿһˡ
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Ҳ˵ջˣĿһ
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ˣȻģʮ֮ޣҲֻʮ˵˵ǸС
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»æӭȥǲŷ֣һˣһģ
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ͬʱˣҲǵͨľͷžͷһϾʵ
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496 ֮
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˵Щں治·ǱվǵĲ²⣬û˸ȥ֤һУЩĿֲ̫ˡ
ֻҪһĪвθʲôȫͶ룬ͨرգ˵û뿪ĵ·٣ٵЩҲеʧɡ
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ǣŷ˲Ӭ㣬ĵᡣ
ĺãĺáŷͻȻЦжǿ⡣
飬Ϊ޵УаԵڻˣãǻá
Ļһ֪˫Թ˶ʱȻ
Ҳ¶һ˿Цݡ
ŷֻǵĲ²⡭»ü
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۾ĴһͻȻðһ䣬òŻͷȥұ·˶һ
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쳾ȴǰ㶼մȾԷϡ
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ںŷ򣬹Ȼɫѿɰ»ȴɫϲá
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˵ڣӦڧѱûܡ
ǿŵ˷һۡ
Ҳ˳ͷϡ
ãͨûرգ᲻еܳŷɫһ䣬ͻȻ뵽⣬ĿҲܼ򵥣Ҫ÷Ϊʸ֮ġ
ͨʧˣɷǿƿģевǱİá
˶ʱԹ޵ĿòܺЩ룬ǿɲ룬ٻصľȥ
ЦֻĿ
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˶һû뵽Ȼ˻ش
ڵʱ
Ȼ񶼲֪Ͼ˴˻ֶԵйô˵˵棬ûе׷ϡ
ѵ˵ǵû׷һȻôá
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ڿȫ֣һȭȷʵǾ춯أҪɵ񻹲˺Զˣ˷⣬˭ʩԮ֣ǵӣʲô˶ûУҲԲ³һ·Ȼޱȣѡ
治ġҧ촽뵽ЩĽоӢȥ
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ӽɹģŵν飬ۿżȥпʤʱ򣬵ȴͻȻˣʵǣиǹһ
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Ȼûе˶ԷĵҲɢ
»Ǹǲ²⣬֮ûе·ֱͨҪǿпٳǲǾΪûе׷ɱԵʡ
ȻҲǵĲ²ˡ
Ƭ̺˽һЩ鱨¾ۼһ
λû´Ļܷ˵أؼ֮ء˶ƽ»˵
Ҷͬĸо󣬾ͺ̤һɱ棬һɱûİȫأ˵ģҪĻֻҪرͨûĵطûһˣܹĻ
⻰һ˶ǵͷ
Ҳûз·һܿͨҲܹرͨĵ̣Ĳ֮£ǻ·ҲǺܼ򵥵顣
ҲǴ֪Ŀֲڡ
ѹûţɵ׷ɱĵΪеĵ񶼱ˣܾ׷ɱ⡣
˽⵽һҲʮҡ
ҿ͸ɵЩ񣬼ϲ֪ʲôԵʣûµ֣ʹǰȫĵҲǲеĴң汻ĿֲأǾֻóƶˡ
ΪʲôͨΪʲôϾɱЩƽѪҺʲô
ɻ֮أӦöд𰸡


497 
֮طǳտһ˷Щ⣬ֻڲڰ֮е
ʲôܺʹ𰸣Ӧö
˺ܿ¶˾ģһ̽ڰش
Ϊ˹ƽڼ䣬ÿһˣǺڰ̽ա»̼䣬;˵
˭֪ɳȥ֮̽صˣ϶ãûﲻЩΣյģֺαز
΢΢ü
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ʱܾĻֻ˵ĵӺͲƾʲôҪ£ȴɡ
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Ȼһ仰ȴ˶һ
ΪֲԸóһЩÿһѣǿܵʧ
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ڵƤ˳飬жڵѪ
ȷʵѩ˶ڣϲõȷǻҪһЩ֮Уʼܱܺãȵʵǣﻹ˼ȥЩ׸ȫˡ
Ҳֻзǣı
Գ˷»ˣǺ̻ˣֻŵûУľ޽ޱȣɱˣԷأҲûƴǣתָ¡
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գ߲ˣ巽ɳһˣڰ
ҴˣҲȫǵؼߣڵǰ˼͵ؼûκܻܲĻǿ˵󲿷ֶǵؼҲһС˼ߡ
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ô»Ȼɫ䣬ˣ¡
عͻȻԤеʲô͵̧ͷڰ̿ԭֻռĲڰʱ·ǻ㣬ڰӿţ˷ɢȥвѴ˵ȫռݾ;ݵ
ţػͷȥֻǸԼٳĶڣ֪䣬Ȼʧ


498 ҫ֮

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ʱ˶ޱȻ𣬽ʱͨˣȻΣޱȣпֲĵ׷ɱٲǾأǿҲһӽȫ˶ɱĺڰȴ
죬ҳڣҾͲаƿЩǽڣҲҪһͨ뿪»Ӧ죬ҲǷķʽһϣ
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ҲҪţٴΣպֻҪЭһܴȥ
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˶
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ǣ˾ǣôǺ滹ʯͿͷ
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ںŷˣȻǴǿҵ֮С
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ΣҪݣ˫ֻһաŷһۣ˺ܿ˹ʶ

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506 Ī
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ңһսվǻ˾ţѩ̺ŷе֣ȫû


507 ˰
á
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µڵ֡
ȷһ󣬷Ҳϲɫ
һ亱ϡٵڣڴ¯
̫ˡ
ٲ³ˣΪʲôôԭģӱԴϾͲͬ磬Ϸǵһޣ׹лɽǱߡ
ִ¯Ԩ֮ͨԼͨ麣ͻ֮ţҲ֮УҲɣǴδǺҲΪԵʡ
Ԩ֮ųɳ̶ȵĲͬչֳͬҲܿ϶ջʲôһȴǿȷģҲԨ֮Ȼֵ
ڤ·Ԩ֮ȻлĴڣԨ֮ĹϵЩڣ֮źͨڤ·ãͨġ
߲磬ͬ麣ͻ죬ÿ޶ִܵġ
ʵϣܵĸ߲磬Ҫʼ½ĳɳ
ʼ½ɳõĻͨ嶼Ͳˣһ߲綼ȥˣЩ޵ľ磬һӶֻͣ½ٲκδ
ЩΪٵĵӶɽԴĵطֵĵޣûǰ;ˣԶܴﵽͨľ磬½ǵ߳ɾ͡
˶Ե޶ԣѡںδ֣ȷ֮½Ҫģδĳɳռ䡣
ãҵһõڣñ֮½ʹԼ˳ɳĵޣһ˳Ļȷʵ̤ͨһЩΪɫĵޣ̤󾳽磬쾳ͨ졣
Ծ󲿷ֵ޶ԣǼˣ쾳յ㡣
޵ĵĴ󾳽磬ľͨľǾ֮أʵͨ޷ǰ֮صģǲͬ麣ͻĸ߲磬ͬ˫棬ǽȻ෴ġ
˵麣ͻô֮ؾ
ȻҲ˵֮ؾ֮ˣǡǡ෴ھ֮˶ߵĳ̺֮ء
лȥ֮أκһޣԸĴ
Ԩ֮ضлڤ·ҲţδֻҪزۣһ̤ľ֮ͨأޣŶɵãǸ̫߳ˣβ÷˷쳣
޵磬Ͳڵķˣʵϣ߲Ҳֹ麣;֮ȴģҲͱ֪ģ޵ϵ߲Ϊ׼
ҡҡͷ׿ЩҵЩڵ̫ңԶ˵㣬档
󣬷ڴĿ⣬֮ͨš
½˲֮ٴʹãͨˡ
Σͨأ
ڴ֡
½㣬麣
½߲㣬ǻ졣
ô½˲أĪǾģ
֮Ÿλᣬ˼ĺô麣ǴΣõҫգǴΣӾˣõһС硣
ţ
ڴ飬˹ȥ֮ŵϢܿ죬¶ɫ
Ź
ûмһ֮ţû֮ͨأֻǱĸ߲磬ͨģǵͨ硣
ҲǴ󲿷ֵ޵֮ţֵ
߲֮ͨ磬ʱһ룬Ǽ亱ģһ˵ͨ硣
ǣǣ֮ͨģһͨ磬˰ٸ
ͬǰĹ㣬ÿһ㶼һ磬ڷԺʱ̲סĿɿڴ



508 Ҷ
˰簡𾪡
֮ͨͨʵ̫˵㣬û˵е޵֮ţһͨ˶磬ȻҲУȴ֪ϾԼȻйڵ޵䣬֪ʶϵĵޱûȵġ
ң˶ͨ磬Ҳ÷Ŀһ¡
Ҳû뵽ڵ֮⣬˶ͨ磬˰棬ȻûһĿȥҲȷûһ磬Ͼ˼ķ϶ҳǸûָо˵С
˰磬ȫ֮ͨ磬ڵԶ֪ĹǸı˷ۣ˸ʶ
Ŀ΢΢ȷʵǳȤ
˰磬϶޷͸߲ȵģҲһЩСջ񣬵ҪõѶȿ϶ܴ󣬿޷ϣǶԷҪԣ÷۽磬ʶ磬ԳȥһˣһԶȱ쳵ø
ڵ޵ʶ˽Ļ̫٣ӵеģֻһˡ
ҡҡͷܿ侲
½Ųǰ֮ŶЧڵͷȻһЩᾧҪ½Ų㣬ɻĺԶ˵Ҳüһʱ
ڵʱ޷뿪
˰粻ͬ麣ͻ죬ͣʱ䣬Զֹһ룬ȥ֮ǰ޷Ԥϣʲôʱܻ˷Ҫ׼ܰġ
ʱ䣬ҲҪȴá
н˼ƻǼ걸Լûк֮ˡ

һսܿ촫˳ȥȫ硣
Ȼûһս˶Ϊ֮ĿжȻأ˵۾
û£ȴϢȫޣɵ˶֪ˡ
ı仯ȥᡣ
ǱԸ񣬼ȻҪǣ϶ݺݱȥսлѩѼѩ̺ŷҵһϣ߻һλؼǰȻ߲ڶˣڡ
ŹǣҲҪҵԷϳ
һս϶ҲޱȹעģɳȥȫûٳûκλӦȻ̾ҪҵԷûôס
⣬ǹ˵İΣ䡣
ŵ˾˪ǲǰһˣлѩ룬Ҳһˡ
ѩ̺ŷͻϮУ֮ǰıܹĺܺãϾŷǻĵľްԣҪ쵽һҲѣ˾˪ǣ˿֪ǰзһսȻҲ޷ʱԮ
ȹһƬǽãʱһ
ûΥԼŵԣռȡ˽ջ񣬷һָ˾˪ˮ˼ԴûǣϹż֪ҪµջȻǸӲܡ
õЩԼԽõƷ˹ȻǴϲɶ˵䣬ҲǷǳĵǡ
ô˵Ҳ֪ǵ䣬Ҳûϵǡţˣ¾ͽҰɡ
˾˪صá
ûкϵôˣҪôˣҪôǱסûɡ
ȱϢҲʲôĿǰҲֻܵȴˡ
кŶǻ˲ٵ˼ռҲŷ޴½ŷ޵ȴϢ
кܴļʣڰɼ𣿡ɳվ¶һ˿ЦҲã˳ȥݷһ°»

ŷޡ
һŰѩɽ壬̤ŷ޵ĸ߷֮ϡ
ɽ棬ǰɼĵˣȻϵģϳȴ֪
˿ڱĿоһؿڻȥ̤ڻѩ֮ϣȴûκκۼ
ɽµķܿ˰ɼע⣬Ͼǵĵ̣ɭϣһ¶μ̾ͱˣȻǷΪ֮
԰»ˣлЩøеģҲͽ˶Ѱˡ
ΪʲôѺˣûֹڵ˱УԵɣȥ£޷ΪԼˣȻͽڵ԰ˡ
ǵĽ飬ûʲôСڱƣΪ˶Կڵˡ
ֱףȻѺԼѣôҪˣ˵ļ򵥡
˭
󵨣ðΰİɼ塣
㵽ôģ
ѶİɼԱܿѷΧסвؼߣȫɫƵĿŷͷİһưǵؼڵʵȻڰɼĵλҲǼߡ
ȻЩ裬ôϢĴֱ˿̲ű֣Щǿҵģκ˶ǿɼĵ̣Ƕɵš
а»ĿɨһȦ
ʲôһؼߴŭȻĻû˵꣬Ϳǰһһɴϣžһ죬쳹ȫ˸Ѫıɳȥ
ȫžһؼߣȻ˵Ĳһ쳣ģǷŭ
ˣȷʵǿΰİɼ塭ɫ
һδ
˵ϻ»ٲ׼Ϊʬɡ
ӷﻺ˵Ȼݺƽ˿û˻ɣ˵һ˲䣬˶е˳ǵı
һ³˵һ֡
Χˣ鲻ԽĲ˲
ûȷ»ͳˡ
΢΢Ц
Ͳţ»֪ԼԷڵɼٹªţҲϲΧˣȴһʶ
ˣİɼԱһû֣Ҳ̫ˣϾɼǿؼҲϡٵģܰ»Ϲżģǰɼ΢һ֣˵Ӧܿһ׵ģϧȴһûС
ףǶԷΪ֮
ԭҲܲ³
һս
ȫûںŷӴʧ֪Ϊֲ֮»ȻҲ⣬Ȼ֪ʵ״ﵽ˺ֵزԺԴ̬ȡ
֪ˣеĸ߲㣬Ѿˡ
»ֻԼķʽ̽ȻҲĹ˱˿϶ڸģʱ׼ʰо֡
Ȼȴѹûиᡣ
û뵽ҲȻǿֲϹżˣʵǿϲɺء»Ϊֹ©
ߵģ̫߶Űɼˡ΢΢ͷֱ˵Լ⡣
˵꣬Ͳ˵ȴ»ľ
ĬҲεѹ
»ɫ䣬ܿͻָԭ״ЦЦͷɵķԸ£ȥ
峤ɫǱ˱䣬ҪȰ衣
Ȼ»־ΥҲֻĲ鲻Ըİ˳

˶ǴϲգĻǷ
ǵ˵ͷſ򰮵»ǡ
һֱ뿪ʧ۽磬»ûκξٶη뿪



509 »
ʼգ»û뷽밣ɼһ𣬷ǳĬƽ
ȻֻҪվͷ·һ߲ʵĸɽͷϣ޾ѹֱ뿪
ɲⰡ
»³һڳ
Ҷ֡
֪ʵǰóȻ֣˵ҪѰɼ嶼Ĵȥɲ벽Ͻںŷĺ󳾡
֣Ҳ֪Ǹǻţ󲿷˿϶ǲϣİɡ»Ŀܿƽ

˵ɫ㲻Ȼڰɼ壬ûܵŰ
Ϊʲôǣ֮ҲǴ֪飬ҪΪϹż
ôϹżˣ»ǲĵģϸ֮Իôңôˣճһ⣬˵һԭ򣬾ǶϹżһ֪
֪ϹżԵĽвãôҲûлᣬֻҪϳȥһҵӦԵİ취ȻԵĿֲͺڰ޽⣬ʱܺܳܳ»еġ
ϹżܿһΣҲܿڶΣΡ
ֻҪϹżĿԼҵأȻܰ쵽һˡ
Ҳ֪ץһЩ˿»϶˺ϹżĿЩϵŽǿпѺΪҲбףôǣ˲ڱйɱ
վСǵؼߣҲڽںŷûҪΪǵ»ں߰ڳǿӲ̬ȵǰ¡
»ˣС΢΢ͷ
Ҳˣ˵ԼͼôҲǾ˵ҲͷźǼƽϣȻǰǱǵԼͷ
ᱻ»˿⡣
վһЩ©ģֻʱ⣬Ҳ׼Ҳͬڱѩ̣ŷ޴½ϷڰɼĿ֮µģʱ˹£ѩȷʵǱ޳ĪӦٻɰɼȴһ϶ǷһЩߣҲȱѩ̸һķЩࡣ
ѵõǣ»һ㶼û¶ֱȷǿпѺˡ
ȥɡ
˷׷¶ڴ֮ɫ

ڰɼҲûȫڸȥܿ죬֪ϢȫΪ֮𶯡
׷׾
ĳ֣Ǵ˲˵񾭡
һֱ켶߲ϾЩؼڵ£ʮ棬Ȼǿ˴˼Ĳಢ̫
ûϵĵһˣǿߡ
ŮŵΪǰҲͱȰ»ǿһˣǰˣͬǷֲγһ־Ƶľ棬Ҳʹõƽ
ȻķȴţһƵͷ
ˣû飬ɱؼڽߣûܡ
ڲһввǵĵλͳΣϰվڵ۷λãͻȻѹһˣԲһܺõ顣
̫ƽһƫƧС
һҺͧͣСԵֱɻţһˡ
ĳʶ»𾪵˵ˣȫǾԺ
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μӵˣȫǵؼڽߣһ
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һֱɻŽڲƺϣ»̤߳СϣӿЩԺĸоܿȥ
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ȻûûнӵϢ
Ϊⳡ߻飬ԵģǷˣȻû뷽Ŀܡ
»
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»˵ĿⶼЩŹ֡
֮Իμ߻飬»˵ǵ˵ǣֱӳϷֱɼ£׿ڳϣԼԷʱûҶ֡
𾪵ģҲ˶Ϊ֮ʧ
»ǰʮԷȻֶңɼǿ̶ȣɱȽںŷ˵ˡ
ںŷ˲֪ϸڣʲôֶҲ˵ɰɼ£ȴǵ׿˵ȻᲢۣ԰»ݵλԼһĹȻ˵˴ʧ£ɼʵԡ


510 ͼı

߻ڣ»ߵ룬٩٩ԡ
λҲòһ£˷ɳٶȣһǰǽ˵ڳһЩˣͲעǽһ£ͳɳֵز궼ٸʱء
˵»ټ˵ȥصԼλá
˶Ȼݡ
˶԰»Ļű̬ȣɷϣķһµǿС
ɼ岻Ҷֿ˵ǹΪ֮ںŷ֮ȴûκٵĳɷڣҲûܵһС
ֲĳɳٶȣٸ꣬᲻Ϊ켶ߣ
뵽ж¶֮ɫ
ڣ᲻Ѿ켶ˣһͻȻ
켶ʣ˵۾΢켶ĻôȺ˵ͼıûκ壬ִ˵еͼıġ
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᳡ЩֻҪ켶һк˵
ŷңͷƲ˫Ŀͨŷվ
ŷҵȫûŷˣŷ̬ⷬû˸е⡣
˵Ĵڣȷʵһвһ޵ĵؼҲ̬
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ܱǸҴӲΪһǿʲôãҶҲûκӰ죬ҲȥȻǵĴ㣬Ҳй¶ؼվν˵
ǶûʲôˣɢһĴڣûͳεǿвǣҲȥΣյѡ˳
һˣȨƬ̺Ҳѡ뿪˶ðյġ
»ûֹ˻ȥ߷˵ҪԸϸҲ֪顣
ȥ⣬ʮؼڣλλѹûμӻ飬ʣ¾ˡ
ĵؼڶڣͬһǷⲻ̣ڻзΪ彫ܵģǰ»ˣûв
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ŵ£»Щ棬ϾϹżʱܿóŵԷûжС
Ŀƹŵеĳ棬ҶԷ᲻ͷϲȤֻ֪ǿ̶ֳȡ
ŵսڣŮ֮ȻǷǳսġ
»ôԸȥеĻҲ롣һͷ̩߳գǲŵǿߣڵؼǰ
ںŷУǷϳǿ󣬷ȫҲ˿ƥУȻȥðա
˵һֱУЩ˸λȨأһֱһ𣬷뿪ĻᣬδץסһβɹжҲеڶΡ
ȻȥУҵļɻһģȻа취ѷС»ŵЦ
ҵˣо˵رѩ̺ŷҾҴУϳˣ϶̲ȥݺݱһ㣬ŷ϶
ŷһ鲻䣬ûз簮»˵һԣŷȫתΨַȥ
·ǳˣֲòˣվûҪŷʵȻŷǿһЩǳޣɱŷȻҲɱ˵ŷҵĸ߲붼Уʱڡ
ŷǲԸնˣûϵᱨģһѩ̣һѩȺףʣµҲȣ˵ˣЩδܱȵùѾûбѡ񡣡»
ѩѾͶ·ˣǵĵ˱Ͷ࣬Ҫ־巽ı˵ǳϦ
ð취ñѩ±ѩʣµҲҲӣȻݴ͡۾һ
Ƚ϶ԣŷҾͲôˣѩȴ·ߡ
жҲδһҪɱ˷ֻҪƵ¶ģԲռǵĵ̺棬Ҳ͹ˡ»˵Ĺǡ
ŷ϶Ǻ޲ɱ˷ģδˣǼвӹɣƴҲܳܵģһ˵汳
ûΰԸΪȥǱĵĻҪˣȻлܲɱĻҲŹ
ôˡͷ̩һ



511 ʧܵķ
ҵѩ̵ϳˣ
ڣҲǽӵµϢǸϢ
ǣһѩ̵ĸ߲Աͱѩһȥ԰ϳλóˣϣܷŹлѩ˵
ıѩ̣һ³Ĵ󴬣˶ȿֺҪ롣
ȻҲˣһЩ߲϶ǲԸģֻҪϳڣٴĻᣬ˵ǧٴģδػǱѩˡ
ҪСġлѩԥ£ЩȻûʲô֤ݣܸоЩΣգ̫˳˵㡣
˵ͷȷʵ˳˵㣬Լ޵ˣҲ۰Ͱ͵İһϳ
ĻᣬҲŹ˵ģǱѩ̵ڱصõġ
İɣзִ硣οлѩһ䣬ƽ
ʲôΣΣɲΪѩ̵ϳС绹ΣգãҪ߻ûġ
һɫߣӵ˷ϣ󣬷ŷ

ŷһĹԭ
¶ȣȰɼĵ̻ҪĶ࣬Ƿȴ˿ں
սϣһߴıŷˡ
Ǹиܵıѩ̸߲㣬һؼڽߡ
ʱ϶Ǿ֣ŷգؼ֮𣬶ǲŻȥһ·ϸоһû뵽Լķʽ˼ǣȻշС
·߳һΪһЩԾĵطǹǰȻǱеġ
˻عҵæǰ档
⴦ıԭǱѩ̵ϳˣǰ㶼һ֣ΪΪҪϳҪڲעĵطС
ķãǾ޽еģҲΪеԵڡ
ۣ쿴ܡ
ΪɣҲǾţ˵гƶĵڣܲþ;õġ
ڵۣܿǧڵһУѩ̵ʷûаɼôԶϳʮа˾Ӳ۵ġ
ԷһЩϳû̫ĶӲ۾ַʽҪѴʱ䲻˵ǽںȣ۶޷ִĵطҲĪЧ̫¡
ûȫߣȡֵܷĵĵرһΪȫֻţѶ̫
ĵĵرεȱѣȡʱ򣬾Ͳ㹦һǿ˴ش룬⻹Ϊ˷ĵĵرڼԶôشȡǳ˵Ρ
ΨǱԷϳȡĻᣬǼѶȣҲȡҲΥ˷׼
⣬ҲлɣȫĶ٣ÿһһĵĵر
ڣΪ̫ˣȻ⻹һ֤
ҵˡ
˼ţͻȻһϲֻ۵ķΧڣȻһǿҵɫ⣬ĵĵر
Ȼĵĵر˵˴λãûд
еȻķչȴ÷üͷԷûλͣӶŷֱ˹ȥ
˵ҪȥҲˣϾĵرֱλãھĵر϶в̾ģǰ˽ָϳλãȴķ򣬾˵ؼԶ
ѵ˵ϳ˵бϳҲǰѾĶģȴûѩ̷֡
ʱûɣĵط˵񲻶ţʶԥԼѱڱϣȴûѡ
ܣǰǱѩ̵ϳָԶһ
ԣʱЦȷͼѱѩ̵ϳ֪
ǰ£ʲôûУãϳڵµȳ۷ΧͣǿˣüѪǿҵ˶
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֮ԻѡǱطԷҲɷѿģΪ֪жԱѩ̵ϳն٣ΨһʼͱʶƣŲѡĵط
֪ǵĿģ˳㻹˱ѩ̵ϳ֪θ롣
Ͼ͵ˣܡе
·𣿡
һʶĶס˽Ųһ˿ңҲ˼ܡ
㲻öˣΪ˶ûκιϵڶԷҪǰâһ۳ĳ˺Ƭ
޾ĺ⣬ԷΪģ˷ϯȥȱԭĺΪ䡣
Ȼˣαزͷ¶βԭأǰ
ǷЦУ˴ǰı˳ȻвأҲûŵıҪˣҲģ·
û뵽һСǰİ»
üϤףŵԼŷʣˣʶܲ³һԷ
ؼڣǺǿݡ
Լǿ˶ֲ̿˰
Ц
ɡŷſ̹ǳޡ
㲻ҪҡЦݡ
ֻһսŵԡ
ֻҪ¶ģţԺɳ̶ֳȣвռǵ͵̣֮£Եûз»΢Цʣ༸û˵˼
Ǹִһʣѡ񣿡ʼ磬Ĳ˵ŷͰ»Ĵ㣬ȻǽȻͬġ
˵ģǴҵ˼»Ц
ѡ񡣡ͷ̩յ
һһ·ʤȯգȫûѷƬ;ˣŸؼڰǲΪϻܶǵ֡
ǣ˳ǣЦ˼
Цʲô»һеЩ̫ˣĳܴ󣬿ô붼벻з̵Ŀܡ
Цǵ֪ΪǡЦһΪȲʤȯˣ߱¶ģ
㡭»һֲŸոճڣر죬и𾪺֮ɫ
ȫˡ
վǰȻȴգԼ֮ߣӸµĿͬڿŸС
㾹Ȼɡ»ʧɫ
˳Ԥϣۼ÷ŨŨĳ»촽г˴ܸС
ǰ˵Ƕһ֪ޱȵа
ܷУʱض뿪ǸûסĿܣ»ҲȻ׹ΪʲôϢ밣ɼĵֱ̣ɽű֣Ȿǰ˼⣬ȴǻȻ⡣
ǰ»ԸԶ֪𰸡


512 ޵
ں¡
ĿֱӸµĿžˣûзߡ
ѩ̵ǸˣǰŵİɣŸҶ֣
ǵݣܾۼһ£ķһΣеڶΣΣϵĻκһˣҵĶ֣һºϡ
΢΢Ц·ȴǷ׷ױɫǵģʧܣôҪĻֵ̿ģҪˡ
˵ֻҪ뿪ǵʧܣǺǣǡαô鷳ء
Ⱥ߹ʲôʸ˱ܡ
ÿ˵һ仰½һЩһֳڣѾ»ص棬̤ʵأмĿˡ
Űˣ뿪ķ»ˣǲ˲ʵĸоһӦǣɵˡ
ŹͷȻȡѣԼڲľϣⲻ޴ʲô
Ȼ簮»ģȴ뵽ˣ᲻νķȱݣܳ;УҲ˦ǣյ׷ϣ㣬һս
ܷɹȻռˣǷٶȲ죬ڵɼƲڣûѵĿܣϾǵؼڣٶȾˣֻҪ޷Ѹ˦ǣ»ٶȵɻ׷٣㷽ӵ϶޾壬վǵĵ̡
Ϊ˷ĹǺ㣬»˶ʱ
ԲѣҵҪжı¡ͷ̩һǰ˵ں£ȻҲڣ̩ŭ
ŵսڣֻͷһս
ҲԾԾԡ
αִǾŸһϰɡ仰ˣ޲Ϊˣɷȴ˵뷨бָˣͻȻǰնһʱĺӿϯȫ
һΣѸٱƽ˹ͷ̩գ͵ش̳
̩ɫ΢䣬оǰδеѹվ۷סһȻӿĳ棬ǰ̩գҲ޷ֵŵŵ˳
ǿ̩յһ
Сġһȣľ͵عĺԣûͷ֪ŵĹ
λŮǹ󣬳ֹ֮ǰһ䡣
ѡ˻ŵסŵ˫ִ󽣣˺󣬷Ųһ̤˰»ǰһĵˡ
ţɨһȦû͵Ϯ˷׷ɣ˿һСʵںͳӲ˲䣬ܵ˼𵴣ɫЩ԰
ˣҲƽһնǱ
ָ䣬ͺ;ˣһһһ֡
ûһˣڷǰֵ˺ãѹԵƣռϷ硣
صԭأ΢΢ЦţָŴأͬݡ
ôܡ»ˣж¶ǿҵ֮ɫһоţȻһ֣Ȼ÷ռϷ磬Ǿ˻٣˵Сô˽ܡ
ǰ»ǷԼһβ´ˣģһоš
һϣҾͲţһֱô̩ɫѿһȥ
ǾȫսˣȻ𾪣ɻûȫʧȥġ
һоţ棬ǸΪսԵʣһ֣ĳʱͬʱѹ;ûˡ
Ȼûϻ֮ÿ˶սḻҲǷǳ졣
һ֣÷еǰδеѹ
ĺá˿壬ִųܼѪӿս⡣
Ҫˣ¡
ܴɽ֮ӿţܿתɺ֮ڷΧת
»̸о˲ֻͬҪڣǳһ޴֮У˷ӿǣÿǰһҪѶҲȶģͬǱ仯޳ĺеİ»Ǹоϣ·һĺӭ
һ仯ȥǲѹҲȫľ棬ʼй
Ӷ˵Ĺһһסں֮Ӱ£ǵĹȺбвˣԷ½˲ʵκһ֮ϡ
ɣ»𺧡
ʲôаһؼ̲ס
ʣǷŪģҲη塣
֮Ȼȥͣһ֮Ҳ˽
һԵǷҲǸеʮֵĳҿǽ½˲㣬δذõ
ǰһ㶼ַʹú֮ʹ֮ͬʱãȴͷһ⡣
ҲǷһֳԣ׶Σð»䵱˷ж
Ŵ֮ļ룬»˵ĸо̷˱仯ǰĸо⣬Ҳĳ·˼εҲճ֮ͬУжӳٻ
иǾ⡣
ǿ󣬺ͷ˼ǵ
ˣǳռϷ磬Ǿ֣Ҳûκô
ҹ
ͬãѹҲǼ󣬼Ҳƽ˼ޣټȥץסһζԷ͵ػӳһؼնѪ˳ȥ
ҪԿ֮ʹ֮Ӱ죬ϷʵԶ֮ϣûеֿء
ҪǣƾԮȴһ
һˣ˸ӲǷĶ֡
ۣۣۣ
һӰǱĵɳٵˡ
ҵĻŷû˿֣һնķ飬ͬʱпһ˺ۣڸܵ˼𵴣ǳϲԣ£һܻἤƴĻɵ
һоţսʤˣΪǸԶйǣûƴڽƴıҩĶ϶еġ
ŸؼȫƺƴǷҲҪ˱ᡣ
ȻҪƴҲ£ɽȭûжãһΣܷնܣǼȻûƴ˼Ҳڱȡ
ˣȻˡ
һоţȻԸϣѾľĪУûеˡ
»˶һɥ
޵С
ٲԸҲ޷һʵѾ޵£ǿߡ
һоţ滹ǰģ˵ǻ˵ǿҲΪ
ˡ
˷⣬벻˭ܰ쵽˵ڴ֮ǰΪͬС
ǶƴǸͬУ˵ģǷģǽȭ
־춯صȭһʩչҲҪüҪ˵Ǿ棬ϺͷಫģȴһûС


513 
ǺͷݣֻһܴŷҲûͷƴ
ҪҲðŷתˣֱӺͷսʹǣȻǺٷְٵǣ
һͨսҲС
Һôʱ壬ָǰǿ˲٣䣬ڻָš
ԭϣһʱ
ǳϣ㷽Ѿ޵ˣһսˣ˵ɣô»òվⳡڱƶģԶٻǴ򲻹ò·
ǾȻ˴ˣҪƴĻδûһƴ֮ǿ˵񣬰»֪ûս⣬ⳡҲûȥȻڵȨڷ
»ﻹЩڴǿӲףĲŹǵĻôƱػƴǿҲǾŸƴĵؼڵĶ֣ʱҪģǾȫԼˡ
˵Ŀ⣬Ҳڷϣвп־塭
ôƫƫͷҷ£ǱôңҾôȻûһʼҪҵֻΪ˱ģռǵĵ̺򣬼ȻˣҲûҪƴ
Ŀ⣬ŷͣͣܿŲ˿ȥ
ûһǶȻת䣺ô뿪Ҳ̫ˣÿһʯȻȫҹ
һʯҪĴۡ
Ȼ״һԼ۸ȻƵս̫鷳ˣҪ£Ҳ뾡žԺ鷳Ȼ׷Źǡ
˵˼һȻûдȵ׷Ź
»ǰ̾˿ûǿӲףЩʧ˵ɫ֪ǶĶˡ
ʤȻһЩǹʶ
ÿﶼһ˳ӣʯȻ쳣󣬵ΪһĶɱȵģһʯȻۣȴڿԳܵķΧڡ
ΪһʯƴȻֵ
ûдǵĵߣȻ˽ܣϾʵ̫ǿ󣬷ȥƴǵɱһʯ̫ˡ
ҪóʯҲףҲ÷ģΪ֮£Ժǵ鷳»룬˵
Ȼ̴Ӧ
Щȫһʱ˽ܣ۹⣬ĸվ̫С˵㣬ֻһȻԸԵĵ䱦죬ɷȴѹûз
ΪϵǿߣҲͿˣռʲôģû˼Щ棬Ҳ
ǰ˰磬۹ͲΣһ̨ףپڵ
ʶĹ磬ôԾ
˽ŽɣȻҲ˷նĶӵĶۡ
ϴʯˣ˳ҲûΪѣζԷȥ
ûʯһȥ͹뿪Ļһ͵ȥһؼڴЩΪѵĿڡ
ʯϾǹƷЯģǾˣҲÿ˶ʯ
ԡԥ
Ϊ˸Υº͹ȻҲ˽ڣȥʱͲһʯܴ򷢵ˡ
ؼɴ⣬ڳŵȻȥһٶʯ
ͷʣ޷óʯ˷׷Ч£ҲΪѣֻ󲹳һ䣬ûʯͻȡ
ҲǴ˵һЩеû˼
ܿ죬˾˸ɸɾ
վڱԭϣһֵĿƷᾧռ䡣
Ŀᾧ飬ⳡսҲûа״
ΨһЩźǣһߵģ÷Ҫûɵŷһĸ֮ĴգҲʲô⣬һǡ
һսס£ҺͷΪеˣӦ΢΢ˡ
ʱȥһˡ
Ŀи֮ɫ

ԭ·ﴦһ޴ĵ»ء
һ԰ɫΪĻأ䣬·ܸоһɱܵϢǱѩ̵ϳڵء
ʱĵһڣϷһ޴ĵĻž
ڳĻ϶ϳĻϲŵģͰ»֮սʵʱš
Ҳ֪һսΣǵѾ׼ϣܰѷħɵ˵ģһĸߴİˣŵĿŵĻ
Լɪ򣬷İɣһоţɡһȽϰ֣Ҳȸߴ˺õȥ
ɫۣǱѩ̵ĳϣؼߡ
ԼɪλߣǵؼڣҲǴʱıѩ̵ǿߣԱߵİֵؼǵؼڡ
ǰѩʢʱ˵൱ӵģ˲żüãڣټĿռֻʣˡ
ϸ·ˣѩ̽ʣؼߣ˵˼㡣
ѩǰĵ̻еģһȫ˥ȥ϶ԴսĹģԼɪͰֵؼֱӶһǣ˱ԭش
ã¬¶ˡ·İˣһնɱ˵鶼Ǵ䡣
ֵҵǣǾؼ˳Χ
ˣˡֵؼ˫۷Ź⣬ԼɪҲ鿺ܡ
ȻΪᱻɱʱȴ
һ֣ʱңܷУͲᱻΧɱӹ˽٣ôȴǵģһ;
ǣ벻ǣ̬ķչ·תɽ䡣
ȻûӣˣСŹͷҿôֵؼ߷Ц
Լɪ¶˼֮ɫǵıͬĶࣺ²ǲӣǷȱݣòˡ
϶Ҿ˵ˣܳ;Сֵؼͷ
ķչĿɿڴ
ôܣôܣŸؼڣȻһ˶򲻹һۻˣֻǳ⣬һǵġֵؼŵҡͷԼ۾
ûУɱĳǡǡ෴һ֮ܰ»ˡ
ֵؼﶼǿ־壬ȻﺰŲţֻܳԸϰˡ
ǿʵȻģ˵ʵѾ޵УûƵԼɪɬɫ԰֮
ֻõȴ֪˵ʲôȵ»뿪󣬽žͷ֣ʧˡ
˵۾һӵɴˡ
ʧˣֵؼʹԼ۾ͷͬ顣
Լɪصĵ˵ͷֵ֤ؼûв
ԭܴ󣬶Χûʲôϰ˵һţûͻȻʧȴķһ˲䣬ԭʧ
һɺ⣬ӿͷ


514 ѩԴʯ
ôԼɪͻȻֲԤСֵؼ૵
Լɪɫѿ
ֹǰֵؼߣԼҲǸоǳĲԴӷַܷɣ˰»ˣָоˣȷͻȻʧָо淢ǿ
ףΪδ֪
̫ˣչֳĶܶ඼δţжԵˣʼնҪģ᲻гֶתƣδ֪˼ɵͿ־壬ڷʧβԼɪľ
Ȼ˰»ǣӦ뿪ˣӦܲµ¬û·˼ָĵطѹǵϳԼɪüͷ
ѩ̵ϳôױ¶ģԭôû׼ȷλҪҳ̸ף¬ڴ·ʱû͸¶ϳλãζӦò²
ƶԼɪ޵Ĳ̫أܶೣ϶Ӧ
Ÿؼڣսֶܵο϶ֱˣɷˣҪǣȻӮˡ
˵᲻ҵֵؼһ仰Լɪ͵һ
ϾߣԼɪ͵վ١
ֵؼӻûתĿͬ顣
ɵˣڸͶĲ𣬷̫ˣǲò鶼ĵط룬һϳ¶أ·һԼɪ°ֵؼߣأǱסѩѾĲˡ
ǣѾûеȥˣҲ䲻
˻æſȥ
ҪˣҲƴĴߵĻϳúõģҲ̱¶ˣߡԼɪԥĶ˱ѩˡ
ǱѩĵؼߣҲֻҪڣͲЩͨĽףס
ңǵʵߵļʸ󣬲׾ˣ˼ߣͲ˵ˡ
ڵؾҺܽӺ˾͵Ŀĵء
Ȼ˶û뵽ǣһҲ벻Ȼһ
ǸȻ·Լͥ԰꣬ԼɪͰֵؼߵͫ׼

ûһִˣǷ
˵ӣһҳ˽ô벻ôᵽֱһţȷԼûκһӽӲо䡣
˵˼飬Է˵ȴûôѡ
Ѿ޸ˣ֪ڵأֱӴ˵棬ڵصߣٶȵĿĵأԼɪˣҪһ
ӡֵؼ߻ع̽ĺ
û˵꣬͸еһɴ͵شӱ⧲£ŷײȥֵؼߵģһ˼㡣
ԼɪķӦ죬֣Ҳһϣţżһ㣬þȫźȫȥ
ֵؼߵĶ̴ٲҽ˲ʧԼɪԸоһǿڱ󱬷ͷһأ֪ͬѾ׶༪١
һնɱ˰ֵؼߣ¶м֮ɫһؼڣǰܣǳ˵ΣŲĿԽ˲̵ľ룬Լɪǰ档
벻ҪɱҡԼɪɫ˱䣬ͻȻڷǰ
һؼڣв֪ΰȫȡȵһӦҲ˰ɣû֪˲ĻóȻֺķʩʵ̫ˣǰŪģֻҪ̧֣ұ֤ȫĵĻԸУΪĵһԼɪధ
Įûж֡
ԼɪΪԼСұסʱָһն˲նɱ
ˣҿɲաԼɪһ仰ʶĺڰ
кȱˣ߲֮٣ûз򣬿κһ磬ˣҲûҵ£ȻڵʵֻҪһ¶ͼҪе˴ѡ
ȱģǷԭ
ˣˣҪˣǵһλģԼɪֱ֣Σա
Сʱ
뿪»ء
Ӵ˿𣬱ѩˡ
õ飬صԭʱѾˡ
УһССİɫʯϸĻͿԿֱŵģ˴ɽ֮
ɫʯ棬ź㣬ΧűѩƮ䡣
ⲻǱԭѩǰɫʯڵ洩еʱ򣬷òôɽ֮ص׶ɶԴУոյִ棬˿ԳЩɽ֮Բڵ¶ȣֱ½̾Խʮ
ŵ£ǿʼ˱㡣
΢΢Ц
֮Իˣ֮ǰȡĹйء
ŰɫʯķֶΣȷʵ൱ܣǷҲǷ˺һֽţŽ˳һмĵĵرʼ޼ɵͷԼ˲佫»رһȣͻȻıѩԴʯǰҲ޿κΣܱסԼˣҺͻȻȻȻ£ȴǻ÷
ƽʱȻģѩ̵ĵ»ظûнĿܡ
ĵĵرҲûôף˶ʱڣҲֻ֮֮ˡ
Ŀеİɫʯϣۣȡϡ
ѩԴʯĵĵرӵб֮
ܼ򵥵ĽܣʵϣȴǼǿĵر
ʲôֻҪȽĵȣûһСġ
ѩԴʯͬˡ
ȫչֳԽһΪѩأ׸ıĻȻﲻǧôţʮﻹ׾ٵģҸı价¶ܽԲﷶΧɱѩء
۷ΧҪˣɱѩԴʯɱˣڷ͸ߵĲͬ
ҫաӰڼϸյõıѩԴʯ
ĵĵر֪䣬Ȼͬεĵ޵УҲǷëǡ
Ͼεĵޣ޷ǰ߲磬ͨ棬ĵĵرǷǳϡٵģУҲֲǡ
ȻЩǷĲ²⡣
ĵޣôһģҲֻۼһ׼ȷĸ
뵽ɵ֮ͨǰ˰磬˼Ҳǻ
Ƭ̺΢΢ҡͷİѱѩԴʯӽʼ½ܿ죬ǸͳһƬѩء
ѩԴʯĶ̫ʼ½νˡ
ȷû©󣬷ڿб˷Ѹ뿪


515 
Уá
ڰ칫һ裬ţǰлѩڼ¼ʲô
·ʱʱĴװ޵
װޣʱͬգлѩ˵۽磬Ҳøװǻ̫࣬ϷǮƣװ޺ãȻԶǰӵûʡ
ʵϣΪĺƶĻǴ㻻һܲˣĵλһССд¥Ȼ޷ƥˡ
ҪҲֻװ¹ˣշĻ˵ǲҪ᲻ûǮƾ
һʮ㣬Ҫװޣ㣬ȴûܵƻڽ̾ͻָת
ô˵ŷˣϧˣĸ֮ġлѩͷЩ
ոշԭһս˵ȻǺеļգ˵赭дģлѩҲɵϣȻ֪ŸؼǶôѶԸҺ÷ǰȻĻˣûйڵġ
Щϧûнŷ
еУѩˣŷȴǹתվǸвϾеǳò׶Է¶ˣȴǰƣʱʰ˶ԷǸź
İɣܲ˵ġġ
仰ǰοлѩǷġ
ŷ岻ͬڱѩ̣Զŷ޴½Ǳ޳ĪҪҹζ࣬ŷȴڹڣҪ֪ı֮½ʱŵġ
ʱı֮½ѾĶϯ˽ȥںϵŸӿţϯŵ˰Ĺ
ŵϾҲֻʣʮʱˣŷҵĵϾܵ˺ܲ磬ȱ֮½ŹȥһжΣԷ˵ŷܲˡ
ʵϣĵı֮½ȷʵ÷ˣüڵء
ȥڱ֮½ڣɫ쳣ۣҲǿаסԼûжȥȡ
ңҲ쳣
Ǽɫ⣬еһû⣬ļŶٶЩ⣬òһɫ⣬һʧͷԡ
Ҳ÷ͷԣڼҲҲصϣӦǼĵĵرе⡣
ѩĲ豭
лѩ̧ͷ
Ҫ뿪죬ţҲûʲô£ǺǡЦЦ
лѩĿһСġ
΢ůЦŵ˵ͷ
뿪죬Ͳʲô£ҲǾģȡЩĵرҪʱ䡣
ǣһγȥȴͬ
Ҫȥ硣
ǱȽϵߵģǱԭһս󣬷£ΪϵĵǿߣҲ˰»˵ĸƵǰδеĵز鷳ˣ˵һûУΪеģŷҲϢĶ
־£ǿȥ̽һˡ
˰硣
ÿһ磬ͣõģѡĺܶ࣬˰Ҫ̽꣬ҲҪ̵ʱ䣬ܸ̾㶨ģȫԷֿС
Ǵлѩģ룬ѡԼ˵ɡ
ϾⲻͬͨУǿԽ̽գҲûеףͲлѩǵˡ
ա
磬ȥذͻݵӣڸɷС
΢΢һЦ˵գͻȻ΢ţǰһ§˻ߵ̽Ӳ
һӺҪ͸ˣԳԵ˵Ļ
һЦĹĶͷѵˮоŮĲϲãһ
һ˵⼸ֺ󣬷ԭʧߵĲ֪ðŵɵ㶵վţŶͷǵĺۼǴƵġ
泩ĳö㡣
Ѿлѩ˵ˣȥ֮ǰҲûٵȥлѩµ˵ʲôƽ׵ģûҪˡ
޵УǺǣ˵⻰˵㰡ϵЦݻ
˶ΪѾ޵ˣɷδؾôΪ
ȻڵĵϣѾĶˣЩδֵأ
Ȼ켶һȼ˵켶ߴڡ
ңʼûǣǴ˵УٺʡصǸı֮½ϯģɫҲ˼һһ֤ȥȴûһܺǸӦϵģҲ÷ʼվ衣
ɲᣬΪĴƮƮȻΪԼǹһˣοˣʲô壬ǺȺ½˲㣬ԶԶƲǿ߰
ͷԣʼնѡ
̽磬Լ۽磬ҲڱеģҪԼǿӦһͻ䡣
̶̼ʱ䣬Ҳܳʲô¡
뵽Ҳͳ漴ռ䣬ʼ½ײ֮š
һ㣬ڷԺÿһ㣬һ硣
׼ѡеһ㣬ײȥ
һ̣ԭʧҲӵʧ

һ˿ӿд಻ؼһƬ
겻󣬵ȴ೤֪˶ˣϻһˮӡ
֮УһӰͻȻ䴳˽ĳֺףķûаۼɲ飬ҺΧȴûʲôˣҲûзһ쳣
찡
죬˿ϣһЩ⣬漴˴ɽ֮˿ȥ
Щʼ½Ǵռ䵱Уǵ磬Ҳǿϵϣڱ֮½ǵأ磬ȴѹܲˡ
ӴԽĲлָ΢΢۾ռŴ˵صϢ
ŨµĿ
ۻҪȵ࣬ȻҲǺһЩͷõС൱
ֻ£൱ǿ׳ͨˣȵϵľˣͬǺܺõߣӦò̫ߡܿ죬ĵó˽ۡ
߶ҪǷǳߵġ
Ȼǳѡ
֪ûء
ң˵صĻҲδشˣ˵طǳŨҲ˵
ͣʱǡţ졣һ¡
֮ϵô׽õͨˣ֮ŵʱͨˣ߲ˣͨҲһʱһͻԶع򣬵ȻҪعҲУֻܵȵʱٽ
죬ǻҪץʱˡ
и΢΢ĽŸУ漴ȥЦЦٲ߽С



516 
һʯ·ڷǰ
Уܴɽ֮ĵţմˮ
Կʯ·ӦþߣĥĺۼԣܿһЩ޵ĺۼ
һ
ˮˢ£⳵޵ĺۼţ˵Ÿոչȥûãûгʧ
ӦĺۼǸϢ΢ж·򣬷ѭźۼȥ
ǲ֪ʲôˡԺиͷոսӴЩһЩϸӦú͵ϣĵĹŴȽϽӽȻҲųǴ˷ԵĵĵشԲ쳣
ŲԼӿ죬˷еεķܣ˿˿ȥŲŲ䣬ͬڵϻУޱȣһʸ㣬Ļ
ţ
ǰԼкɱĿ΢ٶǿ˼֡
ǰ壬ȷͣʱľ͵ǰ˿Ĵ·ԵĲݴԣƷǳľˡ
ĿȥԿԶڻս
˶ڵһ󲿷ֶһҪȵϵߴ࣬ǳһЩƬռϷ磬ڳݺȥɱ¾ոȥӦǴ˷֮ࡣ
һһ֧ӣ󲿷ֶǲУΧżĹϲռţ˵ĻԶǣ·磬ÿʱÿ̶ȥֻʱ⡣
ԿͻϮӷǱҸæݲݲ˷£ǿǰȻǲһ
лһƬĻĸ£˶ֻܿľ󣬺ɱײǰ֯һƬ
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̶ǹŴ˵Ϯⷽŭװ֪ڣ˻ϿԶ϶˷̶ˡ
ԥ£ҪҪ֡
ֵĻѡԮһ
˫ʵǿһҲͺ͵˼൱ȫڷ
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½˲㣬ڵƵ޵ˣڱ磬ȴԶԶ㰡
ԥż˼룬Ͼͱˡ
ηηβﻹҡҡҡͷʧЦ
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վԶעһͼսȴϱˣûг֣߾һֻߴƥϣ۸սָս֣ĵֿң֧ŲסѸӦԡ
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ֻһˣǵģսʲôӰ졣
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̤ˮ۶Ѹٺͷ߼
û̫עǱߣɳ˺󣬾ȻȻջĿ⣬Լ¹ȥնɱ˷
󣬵ʶĿһ۹ȥ۾ʱɴˣֻ״ɳȴ˴ˤ·ԣѪһأǵģȻѾ׶༪١
һͬСɡ
ʶļ֣ţ̾ΧĶ飬һע©һ˿ϸڡ
³嵽Ǹİǰе߸߾ۿžҪնȥ
Ȼʱ쿴İͻȻ㼲γɰΧȦ£Ǳξ޴Ƶģ˴ķ˳ȥڰУѪͲϵصʱȻʧȥ
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ӷҲע⵽쳣
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ѡΪУҲû˷ѷʱ䣬˵ǣ˲˾
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ѩ̿Ǿ֮ͽǽпˣȻǵ򣬵ЩǷ֮ĺ׼ġ
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΢ɹ޷˵ӭȺǰӰؼ룬˷Ȼײ˽ȥ
һ˷ƣȻϰ˻Ҫǿҡ
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һ棬Ⱥͷͱ
Ŀ䣬ȺУܴɽ֮ĵţ˴ײȥ
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û׷ϡ
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ӵΧ˹ٺ˷쳣˸߲ҵĽкţΪԲͨҲ֪˵ʲô


517 
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ԲͨǴ⡣
ĿĻǿԼ۽磬עصǽѰ
ʱ䣬ڴ˷߳Զ˵ﲻǱ֮½֮½㷽ǵޣҪҵĵرҲûôס
ص㡣
ⲻĻԺȥ磬Ҳͬѡ
ˣ͵ǵһξǡ̫ʧ
˰磬кܶ࣬˵Ժҵİ취Ҳָһоܽ⡣
Ҫߣӵ˶ʱЩʱҲ˳ǵԡ
һսɫʣһ˿ƺԸȥ
һϣһһŮеʮģȥģȻϵȴ쳣Ļ󣬳κһˣüϣڻʱҲ˿Ȼǳλɱġ
ŮӣŮ磬СĵĲӡ
ӴΧȫн·εӭȥٵ˵ʲôƺȰ裬Ļ˻֣ûٸ˵ʲô
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ڵϣͲվ۷ˡ
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ӵûʲôѹͷֻǳλȻ¶ˣŮĲ£ܿߵ˷ǰϵ黹Ϲ
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ܿʧȥȤȻٴδ뿪֮ʱӰſԣͻȻ̴ٵ˵ڡ
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Ȼˣڣ˼ǣ
ǣԲǵϵκһԣοǵԣҲͶӢˡ
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ʱ򣬷Ҳ˹
Լ֮ΪļԣȻֵԣҲ統еԣ硣
䲻̫ϾԷڴԽĹҲȼ꣬ûаٷְٵıֵԣҲǰٷְգյҲǷǳɬͨѡ
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ȻҲʣȴһŨŨҩζϲѡеһЩϻ̳Ͽ֡
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½˲ʵؼԸǲˣҪԱߣӦû⡣

һ
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ȹ˽գͻ뿪
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ζ
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һɫ۵Ӵ߽Сͤ棬λӣߵĲûȫãںҲȴûа㲻
վͫ΢
ܸоԷǿûпΪ֮ȴͬɽ㴣η֮ġ
Ȼ˴㣬˾ˡ΢ݡ
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ӣȥȻᣬԿ϶;ԲСˣܱղϣԶȷˮĶࡣ
Զ٣Ҫ֡ӹ˹֣ĿһɨԲͬĲͲ豭иȻ
ң
̫⣬Էĳ֡
ӻ˵ЩӦǴѧģ϶ԷƺԼΪˣܶ϶ӱ϶һλԵˣҲӦϵ
ֻʱ䣬ܸܲҲްգҲˡ
ӲһԣĲܿͷۻ
֣Ҳ£Ҫ̫ˡü˵
ʱ򣬷֪ӵ֡
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Ҿȴ֮ˡûƴǣ豭ʱһ¶֮ɫȻƷл¡
ԻԷĿҲֺøеľȥһЩ
ˡðС㲻Ǵ˷˰ɡĿֱŷɫ
˵ͷҲûʲôֵģԷҲжϡ
ϣ¶̾û뵽ǰһʱ𣬿һ;Ϻ֣ͰͨԴһЩ㣬Ϸ֮ȴôľϲ


518 
ⷬǶ˵ģȻȫҲ˼æվƲҡ
ͨԣ΢
ǺǣǶͨԣҲǴʦŵõУԣ˵ǰҲ磬ͨɽ͵
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磬ԣͨԺ˽
ҲǺġ
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˵ĵޣ֮ſͨ磬֮һɵ
Ե޵Ҳһ֪΢΢ͷ
һ֮롣ɿŷ֪СѣԸԸҲһͽܣ
Ǻǣ˵Ҳ磬ûһޣСԸĻĵӽǴһޣǰ;󣬶㽫һɵĿɽʦϵٹ⡣ſȣͼ˵
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绢Ⱥֱײûֵܵһϡ

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ɱʱ˦ˣҲ֪Ӱ㡣
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ʱ䣬뿪˷磬ֻʣ¼Сʱ
һ㣬Ӱռ䰲ȫأõѡ
ǱôһԷԸôʵȥһ


519 뿪
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ǵãԷλãȻϣҹȥҲûκѡ
ӰǱ£ҡڵ߽˸ۡĻöûС
ֵĸۡƻأֻзסһƬˣطûܵӰ졣
ʱۡڵƻͨһսĺԶԶûôɢ
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˳ȥܿ쵽һǰϳֵסŨŨҩζ
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ˣе㲻˵ˣ֡վǾȹҵ
ЩΡ
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һ仰ɵ˵Ǽ΢ɼĵͷȥ
΢ɹһ߽ڣֻҪ֣ɣҲѷ
ԭˣѹֻҳ֡ɣлȻ
ʱɣȸռʱǿҵĿȣһ϶Ŀ꣬һжȥɵķʲôʲô壬ȫԺ
ˣͷ϶ĴǰҲ˿
ڣɼ˵š
£ҪֵֵزԸֻ֪ͽϧܾˡ
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ҲˣʵԶˣȴܰ쵽ҶԶԶ첻飬Խ磬һҵƤӵǵ޵ǿ󣬻кܶĵط޷ġ
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սֵ̫ˣҲ̫嶯˵㣬֪ǵ޾ͲһУɳ̾˿˭е޵ĺôô޴ء
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ǲϤĽ̵ǣҪ˵нյĳɾͣҲλǿߵĶ񡣡
ǰܺλǿһͺˡҲЩпˣ˵ûпܣͷٴ̸̸Ӧܹġ
лܺٴ̸̸ɸΪ񲯣ȻٺòˣΪ˱Ǹ⣬Ը޳͸֪֣ϧѾˣΪҵĲΪ϶Զ˵뿪˲硣Ҳû
֪֣ͷ˼ϡ
ԹҰ
һһﶼǻ⣬·ֻҪһ֣ǾͻʹǰǣĵǸƵġ
΢΢Ц
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ʲôںޣʲôԸ⻯ɸΪ񲯣Ǽٵģֿȷӣǲлڸͷģһ϶һ£ͷ
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˵ĻͨԲ
Уὲͨﲢģ⣬Ҳֻзˣö˶˵ˣûͨｻıҪ˵ġ
ֻͨޣ˵ôĻȽ̺ãһϷ
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Ψһģǵȡ
ȵͣʱ䵽лĻⳢһҲֻܷˡ
ٺãҲҪȥܡ
ϧɽЩź
ʵϣڶʳҲаյģǾɽһΡ

ǶĵرһԵģֻһΣ᲻ˡ
ֵ֪ļֵܴ󣬵Զɽ
Ȼȥ󣬾ɽĵȽס˾ġ
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ˣһǿԸϤĽ̵ǣСĵĿܣѹ
Цһĺ£Щˣһ۸ڶģͿǲ磬Ϊǲޣĺڣ˾͵ˣԲԸ´С
޵ǲƣϧ˲ǵޡ
Ǻ
ߣҲиþ֮ƴʱþȫӵǲģΪƹأʵһɶʣ
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סǰͷ­ѪΪ˲磬Щܶиˡɳ
ǡȻ
һ룬˳ȥ
ԼʮӺ˾кɱ
ɺ̲
⸮ۡһܴģͽӵ˶һۣ׷ˡ
Ҫ嶯ֹҪȥ֣ɷǳ侲
ҼϷ
ֻȻʱȥжЧҪЩУɾ裬лᡣ
ĶȻǷŪġ
ٳûжֺɶˣ˵и֪֣Լûôʱ䣬ǾһϣˣǼϷȥ
ʱʱڸۡڣһЩ
ֺҲļǺھǱƴ˭ĵʱ
ʱһһĹȥ
~
һըڲԶĲҽкͻ⡣
Ϊ̫ɺȻȻĿ˱ըע֪뿪
ʱһֻͻȻƾճ֣֪
ţӰԸֳ
󵨡ŭһһ˷ǿķݶ͵زζҪɢܡ
ɽȭ
һȭӲƴһǡ
ǿ÷͵³˿ѪҲ˿
֮ǿɽȭǶ֡
ɫ԰ףȻȴޱȵ򶨣һֺѪŭڵɣ΢΢һЦ
յþͣмǡ
䣬̤һ˷·ûգ˻Σʧ


520 ֺ֪
Уá
âһһӰڶķ䣬ǴӲķ
ոջص磬һģһѪ˳ɫҲǱò԰֮
ӻȡʯ飬ﵹ˼κ󣬷ϢָԼƣƬ̺󣬲ųȶ
̽зհЦҡҡͷ
׼ʱ䣬عһ̳֣֪ȡߣȻɱģҲ⵽ɵĹ
޿ɱܡ
ȫһӲӲûתأԷʵӲˣ޷ģϾǳһ󾳽ǿߣڵеٴҲֲ־ϵĲࡣ
һУվǹȥʽˡ
ռ䣬֮£ԲǴһĹ㣬ٵһɾǲ硣
ڲĶ̶죬ǲ٣ˣǿǵԺ²нҲνˡ
Ҫҵ磬죬Ҳûж塣
~³һڳʹתص˼
һõӰڱߺźӣæµţŪ˵㶯ʱ
硣عͷǷ¶ϲɫƺʲôڵһӺͷȥҿҲǽͰ͡
ǰǱʱʱԺš
ÿÿһ̣ߵĲУ·˶Ҫȼ
붺ߵģ֪ǿĻ»ʵ䷴ǲҪһӴ̼̫Ϊá
ΪСʱľǵӶԱģԸһŤתһֻӵС¹ůҪһ紵ݶͻŵܣԼûģӦܲźá
֪䣬ĽҲʧڸϣҲ
Ůӣһֵġ
ȷһͿˣʣµģɣʱеǣ̵Ķɣϡ
Ļع飬ûĲ
֪תĴڣϰ˷û⣬û֪뿪졣
ڼ䣬ûκⷢ˿

칫ڡ
ȡһɢ˺İɫʯǵԱѩ̵ıѩԴʯ
ЩӲϵڱԭʱôֲǳһĵĵرȻûô򵥾ҲǲжϹ
һ󣬷ѱѩԴʯŻʼ½һжһ
һŲɫӡ
֪֡
Ŀ⣬֪ϣĵر˿ĵر
ʲôͷ²ļУҲûص֪ʶȥĻ¶֪Ķڡ
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һĨڿзš
ֵ֪Ḷ́ǳ˳ûκ谭ȫһ㣬ɴɽ֮ӿȥ˲佫ֱȷһĵرҪ򵥡
ϵı仯㶣ܿͻع
ѩҼͨԵ˹áͨлѩĵ绰ɵ
ȻЩ֣лѩû׷ʣһͷȥֻһС¡
СʱѧȨʿãŲĵȴš
ĵλһ仰ȥҪڵ˶ǣҲǴУҼⷽ˲ţȻ׾١
лѩһæվ̬š
ǲҪţֻһССĲԡЦЦ
˼䣬Ƿлѩ̬ȱȽϺƣڳʼĽŹҲָ
ܺãڣ÷˵һλ
еֵ£ܿ죬һķѿڶ
۾֪־ģ֮ǰûнӴûȻʱڵλȴûκϰԼĸһ
лڡ˵ͷ
ԱߵлѩԾ۾仰Ȼ÷˵ģ̶ȣҪ֮ϡ
ʲôʱѧᷨģлѩһͷˮ
ճڣҲо쳣лѩı飬ҲȷԼ˵ģķɱѶˡ
ǲ˼顣΢𣬺ʣֵ֪˵Ȼ档
ֳԣյԷǳ࣬һԣ˵ްǳ
лѩͳԾľˣĶˣҲͼֲ֡
˺󣬷ܡ
˵ֵ֪ǲۿ۵ģû˵ѣ̽磬𵽺ܴá
һ޷İˣȻԶԶûУһ˵Եˣĸ˽ܺš

Թͨ⣬ûм̶
һʱ䡣
ʱڣǲٴǰˡ
Ҫˡ
˵״̬ȥ磬ǵ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣʲô
ңҲҪܽһ¡
β֮Уջģ֪֣ҪĻջ
Ͼܴϵǿߣ磬ȡɵİ취ҲΣգǰߵĻµκ˶С
Ҳǣ˼Ǿӡ
ЩˣȻЩˣÿһ磬˶Դ͡
ʶϾвࡣ
˵õУͨɱһԽ˷˴ǿߵõģĳ˵ͷƵĵط磬ͲôˣԭǼɵ
֮ŲǴ·ֻмĵ޲ŻеģĵޱûǿֻʦŴУⶼδ֪ûǰۺ죬¶׶֣Ȼûֻ̫ˣڷǰߵĿܸ
֪ηҲǲеĻû˽
ΣСܲΪǷĽۡ
ָܲȥ粻״󶯸ɸɣְϣڱϵ뷨ǺģԷԸ񣬸ˡ
Ҫи׼
ǷȡĽѵ
ͻƲܣͷᾧ½Ų㣬ܷҲá
ͻ֮Ͱ˰ϵͻжϣ֪½Ų֮ţͨ
ȥץסڡ
½Ų㣬ܼҲ
ػС磬ɽص׵Ľɫצŷҵϳ˼·³һЩʵӱġ
ػɳϣɻƷʣʱôܸǿʲôʱ׼
ĽҪȴ¯ڵĵرڻϣ֮Դһĵر˵ĵرҪʱ䲻̣岻֡
Сͷ֮ϵܣȫƿ֮󣬷ܶĻƽȻƽѪҺʹòˣɻƽҲСϵļǿٶȣҲֻܸɵۡ
ڷǽɫצӸɴ࣬ҪȻĽ
ͬģɽ¯һֻһĵرĵȽף뿪ɽֻܵš
գεķ֣ЩҪȴżҲûá
ţˣŷҵϳ
Ц
飬岻ֻ֣ţǱ֮½ţȴһ̶


521 ²͵ȴ
֮½ţٶǺ㶨ģƶ
޵ĵȼǺͱ֮½ĴСȵġ
ۣ֮½
ڵı֮½ԶԶûʱ˹ޱߵĴغͺϣֻһ׹⸡š
ϾԼ졣ڱ֮½ٶȣܿжϳˣŵϾУҪʱ䡣
һһƷᾧ
Ԫ
ԪʩչᾧۿɼٶȻʧΪǿޱȵƶ˱֮½ϣ֮½̱ǣ˷ʳȥ
ȵһᾧñϣۿ±֮½ΪϾǸ򣬲ŵ˽ȱȽϻûгɣȡһᾧ
ͷᾧԼҲʮ飬ʱá
֮ûǣΪȫˣͻ½ŲҲǳңԶûͻƵĻǱ֮½ţʵϵı仯ҲûмգЩᾧҲԱʱ֮衣
Ҫᾧʱͷȴûһ飬ǾץϹˣ˵ģڵ޵УᾧǼֵ߰ƷҪȥ̽գﻹЩᾧ
ǣ֤Լһ磬輱ա
ջ˼ȫעᾧڼ䣬лѩƿ˽ֻüͷ˶ûۡ
ӣлѩûдֱһ
Сʱ
ۣ֮½̾ͿϾж֮½ϯ˽ȥ
ţȻɫ⣬һţšôš΢΢ü
һɫ⣬ʹһĵĵرһ
ϾĶ٣Բֹҡ
ɫ⣬ȫǱòڷ֣Ȼûһŷҵġ
ŷܳΪĵľްԣӵؼڣеĵؼҲǿĵ̣ӵе϶ĵĵرԲǣġ
ȻûУЩĵĵرõֲ쿴ǺӵǵһһԱȣж˵ס
ôˣüлѩʱ̲סʵ
Щϡ֪ͷ͵ҸղųԣȥѰŷҵϳȴʧˣûϾҵ
˷⻰ϲ˵϶ᰵЦΪں
ϾкϾУǧ֮ңУȴϾеָƣ˵صŷҵϳ˵ˣϾУ¶ܰ쵽˿϶Ϊ췽ҹ̷лѩȴͬԷٻ˽һЩġ
ܶʱ򣬷Ҳ飬Լлѩ
һϳУһ֣ǲתˣ°ͣ˵
߶пܡ
˵ΧڽϳҲΣȫҲߣûԣϾУϳһϾ˵ĵط
ţȷʵлѩ˵ͷ
ԶԣǾãڶĿܸһЩ
лѩתתΪѩ̣
ԣΪѩ̵΢΢ͷѩȻ˲֪ǼȻָʹѩ̵ϣ壬˵ձѩЩ˵Ķģ϶ȷѩ̱ˡ
ѩ̵ϳصôأ·ˣҲû¶˿ҵŷҿ϶Ƿǳ𾪣ţǶԼϳǷȫٲаٷְٵģ£תϳڣ˳ˡ
лѩͷţʮа˾ţˡ
ŷҵûгϾеķΧĿܣǱתˣǲ벽ϱѩ̵ĺ󳾡
ѩѩŹȥ˼ʱ䣬ŷҵʱ䲻ִ֮࣬ת϶һЩۼȥϾռһ鱨Ӧҵŷҵټ
ŷǸǲһֱڵģܾǾȥĺãȥ̽ҲӷһЩ
ҰɡлѩһڴӦ룬һŰæϾеĹϵǶ࣬ҪҳӦҪʱ䡣
Ҳûʲô˵ˣŷߣҲҪռ鱨Уһ͡
ʱһȥ󲿷ʱ䶼УƣӲ󣬲ͻѾȬˣżҲȥ֮½ΧڣȡЩ¶ĵرȻ٣󲿷ֶǵ͵ȽĵرһûУ⣬󲿷ֶǱӽ˴¯䵱ϡ
һգͻȻ΢¯ǱߣѰķӦ


522 ĵĵر
¯
ɫ΢䣬һֱһ˿Ѫڴ¯Ǳߣעı仯
ʱ춯Īǡ
Ĳ豭ܿռ䣬ʼ½ϷܿͿӴĻɽ
ţ
ʱĴ¯ʱһֻǿҵĹâӴ¯Ϸɽ棬ͬһ޴ޱȵĹʼ½ԵøԣһͿ
ֱ仯ǻҪˡԺи֣ڴ¯һЩ֪ʶȻǳ٣ϵ¯Ǳߵʵϲ³ࡣ
չ֮ԴʼȽĵˡ
û뵽ȻŪôĶűɾ޴ԴĴ¯Ҳǲɵզ࣬Һռ棬⣬ûܷ֣Ķʵ̫Щ˵ǾĿΪ
ȵĵȣȷʵҲǸʵķԾҲǿ⡣
Ŀ͸â˻ɽڲȻĹâǿңҪǿԵġ
ɽҽ棬ǰ½ŽĵرѾʧȻѾ֮Դˡ
ܿ죬߾Ͷ˻ɽڲ¯ĺڣǸλ紦
Ĺâǿңҫ۵˼㣬ҫǿʢʱ򣬶ȲϣɽĹâǴӿģǷֻϡһ״
ʱλһĹţָо·̥
֪ģǻʱʵı仯
ĵرĽĵĹؼҲǴ¯ĵһĵرȽס
ԷԣҲͷһ⣬ǳ档
һλĽǱȫ̹עģһʱľƸ
˳ռ䣬лѩˣԼҪչؼ죬ʱ䳤δǲõģžõĶ㣬ȫĵطռ䣬ϸĹ۲νζŽеÿһα仯
ʱţӵλ紦ӿĹâҲԽԽǿҡ
֪˶ã͵شӸľоѹ
ѵ˵ǽˡı仯̿¯ֻʱĴ¯Ѿָԭ״ֵĹâʧһжع
ﲻһˡ
ҡҡͷλ磬ѾָƽĽˡ

һһâ̴ӵλڷɳ˴¯Ϸ
Ŀ棬̾ͷ˲ͬ
ǰĻڶз˲Ƶͼȼһ棬ȻڽϺĻСԭʮΧܻ֮Уͬһ޴Ļޱȵҫۣ嶼ڸ˹ȥȥĻĻ޷ԭǵڶϵķͼҲǻ˹һֻɻɵСˣڻΧ·裬ʱʱķһö쳣ӵϴЧ
⡭ֱĵرˡ𾪲ѣ׼֪Ƚĵȱ仯ܴ󣬿ɴ˵ز󲻵
ʣ⿴֪ʱõ˼ǿ
ʼ½ڣ״̬ģкܶ಻㣬۸޷ʹãʱеҪ֪ǿ˺εȵزһ˳ȥ
ţҲöڣڣһ֣ʹ÷ڵ¶ȼߣҺ÷Ŀ£ǲһƬ𺣡
κƵĻʱȫͷţΪ׾ٵġ
ǿţʱ
ĵĵرҲӵԼ𾪵ǣĸоȻĵĵرҪǿҵĶࡣ
ۣȲĿոսӽǣһǿҵ˼ɫ⣬ӡ˷۽磬Ȼǰδеҫۡ
ϵĻȻǷǿһĵĵر
Ҳ÷һ뵽ƺҲ˵ùȥ
ɼЩӵĵرһܺǵƥĵȽףǺεȵǿ
ڵΡ֣Ĳ棬ȴ˿޺·ǻӰƵġ
ڴĻ
ĵĵرӵз֮ŤתԼܡ
һˡ
΢
ָˣԭĻҲǷ˱仯
ǵúǰ
ĵرӵһ˿֮лΪ֮Ч
ȽˣҲ˱仯
ȵʱ򣬽ӵһ˿֮ĵȣһ˿֣ûˣСһ㣬ϵļ仯ڵ̺ķ֮϶١
ڴģӵе
³ֵģҲȥ˵ǰǸŤתȥԭĻΪƵĵطϸƷζĻȴܸܵͬ
һ˿ڴۣȡϡ
Ŷ˽ԽԽ࣬ϵҲԽԽǿ֮󣬲˳״̬һ
ǿ治ĵĵر
ŤתԭĻΪǿĶ࣬ΪѾ˻»תں
ȻŤתǿˣΪܻΪĳʹã̾궼˲
ŤתǴʱ֮һ
ȻҲ˵޵ˣʲô˺ĶͬǴƵģĵĵرȻȽײˣĵر棬붥һķǳңԶĵ棬кüȽװ
ȻȵʱʹöҪ࣬ԶƲܣҪʹö
һܣͬ𾪡
ʵǻΪĽڻΪ棬ȴûõģڷԱص׵ĽɫצΪɫצĳֻǿ֫壬ʹûĻŤתֻצָԣ»Ȼֻצ
ȻܣȴֲһȱԽɫצΪֻǿ岿֣Ҳ
ǳǿ
ֻҪһ֫壬
ȻڵȽ׵Եʣֻ̫ǿôҲ֣֮ܽǵõһֻСġ
ˣҲǷǳܿɹˡ
ĵȺ⡣
Ҫ˵źĻҲȷʵУͻһһԵģʹùͻʧûٶʹõĿܣ÷Щϧ
ûƣƵʹõĻҲ̫̬ˣĵرĲΡ
һԵĻǾҪѡʹö
˳ۣһ
ʹأǽɫצ𣿻ǡ
Ѱ˼ţһĵ뷨ͻȻϷԺ



523 ټɫצ
С磬૵
ո뵽ͷС磬֪Сһǧ곤ݻģһ뵽ǣܲ
뷨̫̫ĵڷ˶һͷȴԽԽǿҡ
ǿܳɹΪȻܣյõģһˮǾ޴ջ
ϾǴ˵еǿ
뷨ǲȥһֲġ
ʹõĻɣСõʹö
뵽ҲסһͳУŷ޴½
СڣȺͷϵģŷʱȷ;УϵɳĮǴޣ̷˽ȥ

ӰСڣĽߴ裬ͣķա
С
âһصö㡣
ǺǣȻ쿪ˡԳһЦ
侲ˣûбͷԣС֮еĽȻһ
ʹĽʧܡ
Ȼʧˣƽ󣬷Ҳû̫ʧ
ȷʵˡ
ǿһ˵е֮ңڿζգǿ˲˼ĵز
ӵһּ䣬Աһ£ʵĻԷ֣һ۰צϣһ綼ԸɵˣǸ磬ѾһǿˣǿĴ˵վţ¶ѣеϢɡ
һֲԶԶǣĵȵܸģҲֻд˵еߵĵرɡ
̫Զˡ
ҡҡͷɳѾȫָ侲
ǲָˣôҪǱġ
ڣʹõģԼͷǿһĵرҲһ
Ҫ̽磬ǿԼʵԼЩǱġ
һԵĵر̫õ岻󣬷ҲкʹöģҽȽ׵Ĵ̫ߡ
գ˾ʹɾǵص׵Ľɫצˡ
âһص˱

󣬵һ۾Ϳ
ص׵ĽɫצĸоһֱǷǳΣյģҪԶʹΪ˱⣬ȻҪ뿪
οǲͬգǰ̽ڿҪģ˭Ҳ޷ԤϣʱᷢЩʲô
ҪԹټ򵥲ע⣬ͷһ£̾κͷͬһŽ㣬ʲôͷûˡ
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ҲΪ˰ȫ
лѩĶܿ죬ҲûţڱѴļҾߵŽʼ½ЩٵĻǻһģȻЩܴļҾߵҲֻηˡ
ˣɽ
ʰĲˣͨռʱ뵽ɽǽҪĵر
һɽʱΪһâ˴¯ڣλ
ȵ~
һο¯ִ¯ǰòһĸоֻˣ
ʱǰȫעϣĹע½ˣʱҪлѩתܱߵˣеʱ䣬Ҳϸ쿴
һ棬ܿͷ˲ͬ
ɽЩҽ¶ȣҲһΣڻĵرٶȸ죬ǵλƺҲˡǳɳ˰һ̷Ӧ˹
¯˾˵ĳɳ˵֮ǰһĻôھǶˡ
ɳ֮󣬴¯Чʸߣڻĵر죬Լ˲ٵʱ䡣
һϢ
¯ʼ½ĳɳɳδҪ϶Ҫôˡ
ȻɱĳɳӦúʼ½޹ء
ӦǻԵʣ¯ĵȣУҲ˺ôõ˼ĳɳ˹
¯̫ˣܶ඼ҪԼȥ
Χ˶תˡ˳ռ󣬺ܿ죬ͽӵлѩĵ绰
ˣѩ˿жˡ
ţСġлѩ˶٣Ȼ֪Ҫʲôɿ˽̬ȣ֪鲻򵥡
ҵ绰ȡ飬˵صס
Ҳǵһˣᳵ·ֱӱĿ꣬ܿ죬͵Ǵص׿ռ䣬ҲһεĿ˲еĽɫצ


524 
ɵĿռ޾ɷ
УγɵĹţѷ죬ۿžҪѣϾһĵر
һʱ򣬷ǲҪǵĵȽ̫͡
ʱͬգʵҲǽȣ䣬ɽ֮ӵڵĹγɱ㣬סΧӿЩɷȻֱɢ
ߡ
ûѹƽĿ⿴Ľɫצ֪Щѹɫצȥ˲֪꣬Ȼơ
ǰαȽϲִ٣һΣʱ쿴ˡ
ɫצ׳渲ŽɫƬһʥĸо֪Ϊʲô˴οɫצȻһϤĸо·ƵģϸĻȴץʲô
ҡҡͷûϸȥһӣǰ
һž޴Ļ棬ȼţһֻС·ţһ
һ֣¶ֱſȥԲȫΪ򣬰Եųڵǿĵرһչ¶̽ԽɫצֱӺ⴦ռڵɷҲ˿ǣѹȣһֱ˵˽ɫצ棬ǿ
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ȥ
ŷһָֻСһͶ˽ɫצֱûڣ֮󣬲¸ֳصڡ
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գӸµĴֻޡ
һȫ֪ողȵˣģӦԸ˳ʳݶҲûжԷСʳ
οֻ޺͵ϵĿЩƣȴһӴĳȻΣյĻӦûܷߡ
ȻӴ󣬷ֱƵģɷȴһ㶼η壬ԷҲǸӴˣʵԶԶĶ֣һצӾҲȤ

ռȡžͽڣչ֫СĵץС
ȥĵطЩõԤУĿ⣬һǺͻɽҵĴ̼ζ¶Ҳ൱ߣ̫ʺͨ档
Ϊһ⣬Զȥ
飬Ҳǽ֤˷ԤУ͵Զź̫Զˣռݴ˷ģһֻֻӴľޣ£֪֣ҲѺǽ
Ҳ֪᲻࣬УҲǼˣûκνͨĿܡ
ڴ˷綺ʱ䣬졣
Ĳ򶼷һ飬ĿȻΪѰĵرΪֲĵر౾еģٶȺЧȻȲʱ䣬Ҳֻ̽С򣬽綼̽ǲʵġ
ջҲһЩĵرһȺĵĵرȴһû֡
ûзĵĵر÷Щź
ҿ϶ǵԶʱ϶кܴļʣҵĵĵرģϧÿһ綼ǰ⡣
죬ԥ뿪
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ڶ硣
ͣʱ֣Լֵĵص㣬һϣΧкüע⵽ͻȻֵķϵƵġ
ӰǱһΣܿͷӰǱʧ
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ҡҡͷҲ޿κΣĵص㣬ģͲ֪ڴϵǺõˡ
ûм뿪վڽһӾʿֹ˻ңҽеǿдߣӰռеûܷ֡
Σƺܵ°ҲǳϡȵòȥţЩʿϣоǿͨ˵ĲΡ
ϡԶڲ磬绷£ߣҲǷǳģ޿ܳΪˡ
磬Ҳûн塣
΢΢ҡͷҲûٻģ͵һ飬Ŵķˡ
󣬷뿪
ݵϢ󣬷磬ĸ硭
һºѡʮ磬ȥ˾ŸȫǷǳͼ磬ȵϲĶûһҪôͨ˵ĹŴ磬ҪôԶʱҪôǺ͵࣬Ƽˮƽȵȡ
Ȼ۽翪˲٣ķҲǼ࣬ɶڷ˽⣬Ŀģȴûж档
һˣϣҪʧ
ȥ漴뿪˵򣬽Ǹ硣


530 
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ոս磬Ǿ΢񣬸оޱȣͬɽ䣬һȥ¶е泩
Ũ֪Եʡ
ϸԼֵĵص㣬һСԣˮ峺ףΧɽ֮䣬֣һʤ
΢ݡ
һ磬ƺ˲ðȲҪǿࡣ
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ոմԭʧһ󲨶һ毺õӰںϣżˮ棬ȴǰ㶼ûн롣
һȥʮŮӣ䣬һѩɫѣòȻȴһֹ¶ȵζ·Ǳ¹ӡ
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ŮӣһּΣյĸоǰӦвӦþ
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ͻһӣһƥƵѩ׹⻪ʹлӷλɨ
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Ӱռ䰡ǿռз죬Ȼ㱻о
ӰռһֱǷǳİȫȴڶԷһ²飬ɼŮӵǿ
𣿡ŮԻһ䣬峺ޱȡ
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оԼôƾոˣģһŭȻеŮҲ˲ԡ
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ʿЦЦ
Ҳ飬ԷɱԼֱ׾٣ɽҲ㲻ȥ㡣
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ףһ̣Ҿͷˡʿ˵ͷ˵ĶǲСŮɫϷԸûжסȥ͵û뵽ȴסǺǣҲΪҲŻһ𣬷򡭡
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531 Զ
ԶŮ֮ͨ뿪뷨ҲһʱѪͷ
Ҫ֪мյġ
֮ͨţȥĵطɾǵˣǷĴӪĺ԰ʵԶԼ˷򣬻ʲô޷Ԥϡ
ԶŮᱻֵˣǵĵˣҲпܣΪǲ֮Ļ򣬷ˡ
շǳĴȻԶֵĺܺƣľȴҲһΣͼذǰɲҲ÷ʮ͵𣬿һ֣ȴκ˶ҪΪĿĲֶΡ
û˸ҵԶŮͲˡ
ô˵ԼĸоҪԭҲǣ޿κΡ
˵ʵԶ˼ĻǷûоܾأʱ䵽ǰ޷뿪ȶԷԼҪΪҲ̽һǵ̬Ⱥ⡣
֮ͨ뿪Զ漴ҡҡͷ½ĵޣ˵ˣԼ޷ʼ½
Ǻǣ˵ЩˣͨϼɽҲһԵ֣ϧǣϼɽûĵر˷֮šԶ
ʵҲ˷ѡ˿
ô᲻˷ѣѵ֮ţͨ𣿾֪֮ŵĵޣͬмΪɫˣͨϵ磬͸е㡣Զ
ЦЦҲ粵
Ը񣬵ҲΪ˶Ƶ̬ȣȴǳԶĺġ
ҵҪ֮ͨ硣Զ۾Ȼ両⣬ͬʱ۾·ǿգ˵£˿һ۶Խȥ
һ֣¶͸ĸо
ҵǿۣ֮ųܿ͸һУҵľ̫Զҵǿ֮£޴ΣСѲҪðˡԶЦûʲô⣬Ǳ˺ģڴ˴ˣѵһ˳۵ˣŻˣǱˣ̽ȤûС
ʼǳƽϣͱòƽ
ʲô֮ţȻͨ߰ٶ磬ôܣȵȣҵ۾ϾȻ麣ͻӡǣȻȥ麣ͻ졭˼飬ֱδţ֮žȻ߲ͨ硣
ԶУǿҵ𺳣ȻסˣӼ濪ʼһֱƽ̩ɽǰҲɫʵϣȵ飬ȷʵҲ࣬ǰķΪ𾪡
ȻͨĶ⣬ͨޱȺĴ¯˻ȻҶеһȻҶеļ£Ȼû֪ͣһһǷͬСɵĴڡԶˣ
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ԶɾԨ֮ǺĴˡ
Ԩ֮ͺͨĵڤ·ģԶʶҲеļµģӦþǺĴˡ
һֻʧȥꡭ⣬ⲻ֮Ѫ㾹Ȼ֮ѪС
ðΣԶŴлָŷĿŹޱȡ
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ҲǼΪ𾪣û뵽ԼܣȻԷһۿ˳Լȥ麣ͻ춼֪
벻벻ԶĿ⣬Ķס˷
ı֮½һǷͬСɣҪô˵еҪôԵ
Ϊһλ˵ϻСѣڿԶܷջҪϡԶЦ
Ŀ
ܰǰһƴǡ
úã仰˵ûпˣڻ̫ˣԶԶԾǣһô֮һ꣬ԺǿˣȻٶȹԶ
˵꣬һ貵ĹâʹԶָ˼ûУ΢̾ͷ֣Լ֮϶һǳı־ڵȥͻᱻײȻʵԶԶԵʡ
ϼɽ죿Զʵ
졣
иҲҪջ񣬼Ȼ㣬ȻҲ㣬ʲôҪʲôѧģ;˵ұضһҪ󡣡ԶЦ


532 ͨ硢
һһЩ飬ҪǰæԼ󡣡ûп
ȻԶôȻҪûһЩҪ㲦һ㣬㹻õˣϾǶġ
Զڵ޵ʶϣ޷̫Ľ֪ʶļʶԶǷܱȵġ
ѧϰǰǿۣ֮ԼԼܣ˷֡
ε£һѡ
ҿԶڷʲôΣȫȥ˱ԼҲͱˣϵ󣬿Զˣڱ϶ҲУҲ١
ɲϣһ۾Ϳеܣ̫ˡ
治֪ôѧģʼ½ôĴڣյ˵϶˲ɴУǶһЩʶ˽⣬ȴ̫ǳһۿԶ˵ͷһۿҪΪ˫ʵ̫󣬿ʩչǿ֮۵ʱûз֣κηصֶΣҲʵ
ȷʵҪúѧѧ˷֣ھǻŽɽСʼ½⣬˭˶Ҫۺ죬»Ϊ˵Ķʼɶ㲻ˣҲᱻһЩȦƿء
ƿأûɣԺȻҲ̸
޵ķţҶõĲ࣬Լʼ½һźܸѧʣȻǵ޵ʼ½ռУûҵǸˣȴͨ㣬׷Ѱռ䣬̸ܽģҲǴ֡ԶһᴫһŴʱռϵ˾޷ͨҵռڣȻⲻĸѣʱϵϡ
ȻӦ㻹Ҫѧαװʼ½һҾû취ˣҪԼȥѧϰ
˵ͷԶǵޣҲָܴӴѧһС
αװʼ½ֶΣǴĿ˷۽磬õĵ޼УûЩġ
ǿۣ֮ҲԽ㣬ţڵʵ޷ѧϰҪȵͨɱΪѧϰ뿪󣬾޷˵أǰҲûʲô
Զ˵ţָ΢ʱ貵ǹ˳û뷽Ժŷͷ֣Ժݼ䣬ֱǴǿ֮۵֮
麣ͻӡǣһĨȥ֪½ȥ߲磬һץǧټƵʳ˵꣬ԶһĨȻоһ㡣
ڷţ꣬Լ﷽ӡǣԶֶίʵǹĪ⣬ڵķ޷ġ
ȥ߲磬ӡǣֵ
ǵȻϾǸ߲磬֮ͨϣϧûڸ߲Ƕͨ飬ֻͣһʱ䣬̥ǣΨﵮ飬ܲӰ졣Զ͵
⡭ֻ߲ͣһ룬ûʲôоսȥʱȷʵǸеӺܳ˵ͷ
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߲ٺã챦һֵϱĵطһãվǲǵģǰУоžޣΪ춯صڶϹʥܣҪڵ磬߲磬Ҳ֪ɹûСԶ廳
ǰȸ߲磿
Զ˵Ϣһһˣû뵽ЩϹʥ;Ȼô׳־ôֱʣȻҪȸ߲𾪵ǣԶ˵ǰѵ˵ǰͱŵϼɽںڰˣԲŲ֪ûгɹ
ǺǣǰͱˡԶ˷ЦŽ͵£ЩǰĴ֣˵ȴ̫ңԶЩ
磿һʡ
Զ۷ͻȻȴЦڿȷûʦ̵ˣⶼ֪ǻԵɺ£õһŵ޴аɣҲãûҶӷģ㡣
ЦЦ֪ԼڻȱкױҲԶȴջ
ҲĵޣʦŴеĻǿ϶ʷƾõĴɣ˵ӣԶĵ˻гĻǾԮ˵ȻᣬԼģûõѡ
͸ռһ³ʶȻҲ˵ǳʶֻʵˣˣ֪˲塣
ӦҲ֪ˣ磬ɵģзΪ߲ͨ硣
߲麣졢֮ĵط߸ϣڣԶ𣬿ͨ磬һ˼ޣͻȻÿʱỵ̈ͨɺͻ𡣡
ͨ磬Ҳи֣֮һͨ磬ǵ֣Ҳһ㶼ĳĳ磬ޣߣֻˣ޷ٸһռ˾ͨϣָͨǡ
֮ͨϣǴˡ
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ȻҪͨ౶ųҲǧ硣
Զһһ
۽簡۽硣˫ĿŹ⣬˵ԶĽŻš
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֮ţͨ˰˰磬ԭΪԼͨѾˣڲ֪֪ǾţһëǴǧˣͨ繲ж٣򣬼ʮ򣬻Ǽ࣬˰ɶ
磬ޱ޼ʣĳ
硢Լ֮ǰȥľŸ磬ɶͨ磬磬ԼԶĲ˴磬ӦöǴ硣
ļУûЩ䣬ΪʵĲ㣬ϾûдﵽϵĵزЩ֪ǶԴϵˣģֻڵ磬֪֪һ
лǰָ㡣м
Զ΢ЦʲôģʲôҪʵģҪץϷڡ
ʱ䣬ö̰òźʱĽȡ
ԶĴڣһֵ䣬ʶԶ꣬Ȼ޷ڵ޷棬ָ̫㣬İȴǷġ


533 
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ŷתɽ֮·һѷޱȵļ⵶պݺնȥ
ţ͸оԼռϵһжˣȻҲǳ׵ĶѣԼȻܸӦռĴڣȴϵϡ
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ʱ򣬸뿪ˡ૵ȥ֮ǰҪȥԶŮ
һΣգɽ
ǰ߽ͤӡ
Զ棬ȻĿķɫһֱʱ򣬾ͻѯ
´һԣϿʲô飬ɽ紵½ǣһ̷·Ҫȥ
ʣȷʵǷǳˣǵ޵ĻһΪͽԶЦ
ЦЦ
׼𣿡Զʵ
˵ͷаСʱҾͱ뿪ˣǰС㾡ܷģһ
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һĹˣҲЩˣȥ˵嶼Ǻܴ󣬵£Ӧﰡϼɽ磬˵̫пˣϣԺԶ
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Ǻǣ˵ˣԵԺҲ֪ûټĻᣬ뿪֮ǰһЩ˵ţԶһǰʱһѵƷ
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һװ봫ĽϣԼͼֽڵӦýͨ磬Ȼܵ˵ֻйԵվͨ磬δķչ
û´Ļͨİ˰棬϶һ磬ߵʥأ׽ϣ㽨ģһֱ磬֮ţʱ䵽󣬾Ҳ޷ͨϧֻһװ룬㻹ҪŪʣĲϣضСԶЦ
⣬⡭ǰ̫ˡ𾪵վͨĴ󰡣޼֮
ԼûΪԶʲôͳ˺񣬷ܽܡ
°ɣҲûãϼɽںڰˣûȶ꣬޷ģȥ͵ҵͶʰɡԶ
ҲãˣһܣǰŮҧҧûн飬ⶫȷʵҪԼģҲǾɳˡ
ͨİ취޷ϼɽģҲǻԵɺϣ֮ͨ
Сʱһǣһ̤գʧ
˰Զ΢΢һ̾
ͤЩơ
ã̾˿Լĸףٻ𣿡
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֣صɫѿ˼㣬նɱµһĻȻû뵽Ҫɹһ̣Īɱôһ
ɱϧһдۣɱ֣һָ񺰵
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538 
Сġ
֣سŮӶʱһæѣϾֻ֪ܺǿʵΣȴȫ
ȻŸոճڣͿһն·Ǿ޴ĺĻȥ֣غɱСʱԾŴ
Ҫ֪֣Ҳ߰ȻǣҪҲҪһֽŲУǰİ꣬Ȼһͽˡ
׹ΪʲôôģܶɳȥûһԴ󣬶˵ʵҪЩ֮ϣ˴⡣
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á̫̫ˡǿһȥǿЦݣ漴תһͷԵϣԵĳˡ
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ָǴ·֣ؽ߲ΪдָɼͷԲСɱɱˣҲڡ
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ʮ꣬ԾǵķǳûʲôģͽԼĵȫ˳Ҳûлɣ
ð硣չһЦӹ˴ָ漴Ķһȡ˳
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鵤ֵһǡڱƷļ۸񣬷ǳ졣
ףǣͻȻüͷ
˹ȥһŹֵĶľһ壬·Ҳ֪ʲô
Ǹ磬ϲ֣ؼȻڴָŷӡ϶򵥵ģû´ĻӦһ˵ִܽĳء
أ΢
ûлĻԷڵܱȵġ
֣֣صݣôĶЩ
С˹Ĺ͡Ƶġ
С˹ʹúʱǣһӾͽһҵŹ
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ţ
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539 ͷ
ȷʵǺõĿɿڴ
һ·߹ôԶͣ߹ιһ磬Ȼžĵʯ˷ͷϡ
ʯ۶ߵĺô͵޵ᾧ࣬ȻߵĴûпɱԣҲһʼĲƸ
СĺôȻ÷ңﵽ˰֮ޡ
ǳ׵û˵ˣһĳݣڿɡ
Ҫ֪Ȼھ޸֮ңǰƽҲǲСĴĿУҵĶȣȻһЩˣмɵֵ֧ĺȻۡ
ˣԼ߲εߣǲͬնˣһΡ
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ҲǷֳɺöȼģӵ͵߷ֱΪ˽סؽסףԶ˵֮ϻϵɽףڴ˵еĴˡ
ÿһȽ׵ĿܣҲи֣֮ƷƷƷԼƷ
ʵ˽׼Ʒ˽׵õģһǵؽˣǿޱȣԺ
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ԣǿλã¶ɻ֮ɫʶ֣ص˰ΧҲ鼱ƴ;ƿݣ߶ģˣҲûģֻµĿܣǳȺסҲ˵ס
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ͽ˴ǵһһջס
ͷҲвˣȻ󲿷ֶҪɻƽУ֣صĴָУҲмƽסȫ⡣
ԼķУţһС
ոս磬;һڣһεĻҲѡֵġ
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ʲô鷳ʢҲӡ
д֣صĴָУҵǸŹ
Լġ
磬ҲԼĿĺͼƻ
粻ݴԺҪҵ磬ûôˣҪ͵ϵ
Զõһװ봫ϣ뿪֮ǰҪŪײС
лĻҲҪҿܲܵõ籾Դ챦ص
Ͼ޲һζӶɽıԴȵʵˣҲҪС
Ƿı֮½ڵأԴ֮أȻҪúù滮
ⷽ棬ʹʢнãӦһЩ档
У޵Ľ
磬϶е޵ģ٣һӹɡ
ǧͷ
֣ԼҪкܶ࣬Ȼܶ飬ԷŵԺȥҪǽأǳ÷չ֮
ԺУҲԿǰ
Ͼϣ÷ĵĶǲˣȴǽȻͬĶȥǻ䶯
ȻĿǰҪģҪץʱ䣬С˹ûʧЧܵΪԼȡô
ŲϵͷҲǽ



540 
ʱǼı˷ˡ
ػ
綺ʱ䣬һ£Զ֮ǰʮһҪĶ࣬ǱȽϳ㣬Ŀҷ£ͼ֮С˹ǵ죬ȴǲݴ
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ţȻˣ·ܵõôŲȺôԼվǲȡҽһЩСôСҪõôҪԼȥҡѰ˼ţľҲĥһЩζ
ݹõֺôȻĿ٣ŵĶУɶСôҲżֵƽˣͨԼ˵ȷʵһʾ޿ˣɶԷĿģȴûİ
ƽҪĴϵһǰ㣬
֮ԻˣҪǣûпȥѰҺôѰһԶڤڤУûǵ⣬Żջȡ
С˹߰ٶУһҵ磬ʡʱ䣬ͿɼĲˣӦֻôŶԡ
ȥ
ܿ¶˾ġ
һռų
ڵ˵һ֪ȻһЩҲԶԶûиγһֱ۵ӡ󣬸ᣬ֪ģҲֻƬצˡ
ʵǿҷݵأȥһĻȫԸߡ
ͷˡһŽɫâڣһ׼һȥڱչش΢ʶ˱
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Ѿ¶ˣⱣİȫû˽׼ƷĿܣӦһС
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ĿĵķţѰŴͻȻɫ䣬оؼԪң굽˼㣬һЩ˵ɱϣͬһʹ÷еޱļ¡
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ս˫Ӱ͸овɼԷʵ֮ǿԶԶ˵ĲΡ
ԥ£ζսҵĵطСĿȥ
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ÿֲһ˵ʵ㲻ԶҲ̫࣬Σһָͷġ
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ˣҿܿһЩӰϯ˲ǡ
һŭգڼʲôԽԽҲԽԽŭ
û֪֣Ҳף˵ʲô
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ȷסԼ壬ǰȥʱʱһĻ
Ǿ޴ޱȵĹȻѿΪǧâ˷ȥ
ǡͬھ֪жĳޣȻƴֵزԣҲͲ⡣
ܿع
ʱһֱǱڸڳˣһӰЩâ׷ȥΪâ֡
ǿƴɱľףǧﷶΧڵǿ߶иӦ
ǰ֣ǲⳡбɱȻǿҲû˹ǡ
ȻǴô
˫ĿŹ⣬Ļᣬ϶ŹǧâȡһǼջ
ѡһѵġ
ԺҲƵת
Ŀ겻ѡ
Źâ£϶ǿߵľڣǶŵҲģвɱģĿ꣬ҲҪ롣
С˹ǿҲܱ֤÷õ˴ĻäĿš
Ҫ룬Ϳˡ۾֪Ψпκ۷С˹ġ
С˹ڷͬҲá
۾ȻѡһĿ꣬ʱǵâ׷ȥĹâȴûһۡ
м죬Ȼǵâɵĸ죬ƴȫǿ׷ȥûб˦
һǰĹâҹлɢĹԡ
ڣâȥʧݺݵײһɽϣͣ
˿æɵ˸˫צһɣʱȥڵҳ
ȥŹâ´



541 ɱ
ž޲ӵŲŲ˹â׹ĵص㡣
ϿգĿܡ
һ·׷Ȼû˺һ׷һâϾɹѡĹâ̫ˣгǧ׷ЩޱȵĹâڶ࣬һȴôۣС˹Լ֪֮ȥЩǿ˵Ҳ
ΣɳĳǧâܵõһǼջ񣬳ƵǴ
ûߣҲġ
ţ
ƤһһȥҪâǻûп̵ڻ
ÿֲĶĵĵرֲϲ־ϲⶫǼֵƣԼѽߣ֮צܹǿ֧ţɢǿϢҲ÷ͬҹеƣޱȵۡ
ɲΪôһЩǿߵ۾
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ֻӰŴ˵ؿٷ
ܷУҲˡɫ΢䣬ǲǴ·ģǾǱĵطע⵽ŴӿлĹâһ·׷Ѱš
Ҫ֪Ϊ׷Źâɳϰ֮Զ
ļ죬ҲǷ̻ڿеķʱһ˷һ˷·
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׹Ĺâ־ȥץȻûƤͽϲ¶ϲ֮ɫЦţﲻ˵ʲô
ǻͬĻʱ¶ɱó˻ƴס˷

дŭ
֪˿϶֪˹âļֵӲ
͵ػӶצӲıˣ·ٷȥѾ¶˾ģܺΣҲҪǿдâܱˣԶ֮ϣ˦ǲڻ¡
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ÿһ涼ƻƽ
һ̣һλƽѪҺ˷λãԱ߻ƽһĻƽ
䡣
ǿޱȵ֮Ѫзӿ˳˷ڣ֫ٺÿһ䣬һֱűĸоЩı壬ԽԽǿԽԽͣͬʱһζμƬҲǹ˷Ժ
⡭ˣԭˣԭˣҲǣûпǵĺѪȻѾˣȻûɱվǿ֮ѪģӳϾⲻѪҺ۳ģûѪҺôǿ󡣡һ˲䣬Ȼȫ˹
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ˣҲһҪѵĸо
ƽû֮Ȼ۶ɵ֮ѪȴǽȻͬ
ƬڷԺۼţѪС
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~
ԥĻӶצӣ·ĻϻŲмⳤɨ˶ʱϳΣĲ


542 ̥
ʩչѿ֮צɱǻʱദĻƽҲʧһơ
䣬ת
ԭǷסκ˲ãǴᣬҲϵĻҲҪ£ϾһѪ⣬Ҳ޼֮
߸ԭǻЩǣϾԵһû뵽ǣȻСʲôŶᣬʱĴи̰ޱȣˣβֵܷսƷ
ȻһУһצ䣬תӰ
ܣⲻܡ߷󺰣оŵɫ˵Ŀ־塣
ĿĮԷĻҲܲ³˼

תԥĻӶצĺ˺գǽԽǰʵĻ˺Ƭ
תۼ䣬ɱˣеǰδеǿ
˵زܾûб˷ܳͷԣơ
ܸôҲܣѱ治б˸ǿߡ
̥
һţҲʩչ
оڷ·һ޵ľ޴ռ䣬ܰһУκϢй©ſһʱǹâԼ˵ڣ޿ռ֮С
󣬷Ϊһ⣬뿪

ڷ뿪ʮӺ
һǿӰȻٵ˴˵أǿʹΧĿռ䶼΢΢Ťš
ǵâȻڣȡˣΪʲôûиӦκй·ƾʧˡɨ·һжһţȻȴûпԼҪĶӰɫʱЩѿ
սĺۼˣߣϣҲҴ⣬һƺɱˣڵĻ϶е𾪣˽һЩۼ˵ľ͸ʵֱ࣬Ŀһ㡣
ֻܣ˶ɱҲûǿȥȫشҪ֪ǴָҲ޷İĪǵޣҲԡ˵üͷԽԽȴôҲ벻ͨеԭ
̥ԴѪķţͨ϶ᣬҲ벻ȥ
ȵȣǿռѵĺۼѵ˵Ҳע⵽˴絽һ˺ѿռ䣬뵽˵ɫʱѿޱȡ
Ǳһǿ߶ߣа취й¶İϢҲΪ
Ƭ̺ûв鵽κõϢ˲͵سʧ뿪

ǿǿԴ˵Ѫķţѿ֮צ̥ǿޱȣļУҲڵһķš
صջȻǸе˷ܲѡ
ѿ֮צɱˣ̥һУǼǿķš
ܸоԼʩչţԶԶûеǿʱӦԼʵ޷ʩչ
ȻҲǲСġ
ʩչţҪ֮ѪʩչģҲǺģҪǣҪѪҺ
õȻĺվԣ
ΪĻǵǿʩչˣ۾ûô
ͷȻһЩ֮ѪһһΣȻƿСͬ۳֮Ѫٶȴǻ˷ָѰС
ҪѰ֮СָԼ˸Ŀꡣ
Ȼǿеġ
ͷû֮
Ȼ֮ѪУһЩ䣬֮صĳǲ˼ǿǲҪģȻҲû֮޷Ѫлá
~
ͻȻ𣬽Ҳ˽磬Ҹ˹ȥһ𡣡
΢һ̻ص˱ڡ
Ϲȥһ֣
ڱ̥ǵâԼ˵壬ûмŲ쿴
ҪǵâϢ̫ǿˡ
ųĻ˵ᱻ˸֪ϾΪλǿߵսȥ˺ܶ࣬ȻңԶȴҲһȫ
ɲΪԼС˹ĺ˵õĶǲֵǮĶȡʱ򣬷Ҳ͸ܹˡ
Զĵĵرֲ̥ŷϢ㣬ܿĲˡ
ȵⳡ粨ȥó쿴ҲüҲԼĶˡ
վֻСЩǿߣζỳɵϣ㷽ȥ˵ԼᵽôһҲš
Ȼˡ
˿ɫŷ֣֪䣬Ѿ峿ˡ
һҹ֮䣬Լľǳġ
ҡҡͷƿ˳ȥ


543 컪ʢ
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֪ʲôƻһļᶨҺСãĶ飬Ҹ֪󣬿϶Ҳм֣Ӧرľ֮
˵ЩҲ׹
֮죬ǿ϶뱨ģͷһʱ϶òʲôģԲŻе
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еĽףȻǣǰ״Ľˡ
ĿǰԣҲҲȥŪ׽ϣʢǴУ۹ڶǼзֵ꣬ʵۺ˵ܹ򵽡
׽ϣɻۣͷǮ϶ԶԶģõĸףǴʢеһִ£ܸһЩŻݣҲԲҲûǸȨޡ
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֣ҺСóҪΪ˲μ컪ʢᣬ뿪ǾͻȥȵĿĵأҵҲȬˣ챦իٴĵӣҲǲҶˡص
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ⷬ˵˵ģָо
ϮıζҪ˵ȫɺϣǲŵġ
ҲǱһѣϸ£̳
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֣һ챦ի϶ϵģ׷ϴʢеĶ飬ָӥԷҲƵһɶᵹһң˵ϲ⡣
Һ尡ӯ
ʹεǣΪ˱ǣ׳һеģȻԼˡ


544 벽
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ǵˣӦӥ˵ƯҲܿ϶֣ڶ֮ǰԻ챦իˣĪе
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ǺǣãͻСûʲôϵ˵ģǴˣҿͺܿɣյ鱨ʮа˾Ǻ֣һģݵǡǡǿƣǴʢĻϲ⡣ӥ΢΢һЦûĻ俴
˭ҲûԤϵӥͻȻ֮䷢ѣìͷֱָ˷Ҫһҡ



546 Ҫȭͷ˵
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꣬ǻ̫ˣ֪նҼȻǴеĸˣҪȫǱϮ飬Ҳݣ˴ĲȶأһҪųӥó˸˵ǿʱռϷ磬ĿĿŷ
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Ȼǿնɱ֣أԲˣʢˮ³ǵķֵ꣬ģиǿߡ
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547 ݺܴ
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ǶƣҲֻܰʱϳһ㣬Ͼ˶Ժȫѹ

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ͬһĻ֣ׯ泹׷ˣʧȥκǵĳϣȻÿһ令ܵʱ̾һµɣԴԴϣ嶼
žžž
һǼǰƣ˦ׯϣõ󣬿ȴǳ׵׵裬չׯһӶҪӰ֮С
Ӧ˳֡ӥ˿ĭǿᣬ
áӦûоܾԸһλҲǳ˳ׯǰл
һĻ岻ü
ʢߣҲֹׯһλӥȻӦ
˼лһߣⳡֱδţ˴۽硣
Ȼ𾪵ģں档
챦ի˲ս󣬷ΧȻֶһ令ܣ黤·裬˵Ĺÿһ̾µɡ
ҲǺܿ첽ׯĺ󳾣ϳ
令ܵסȫׯ˷˿Ĺȴǰ㶼Ӱ첻µĲͣ
ӥӦоԣҪʱһȻǳǰ
㡭ʲôӥڵﻹаݺͳȣӦҲûõȥٻס
ˣҪ֪˺ǵĺӦͼŻס
΢΢ҡͷ˵ļ
ӥӦ춼죬ǷĶ֣˲ͱڵأ췢˷Ĺȴǰ벽岻
ȷʵѴһˡһ֣ץסӥĲӣһ˦ϣɵǣȴ練ơ
ӥһķﶼǷ֮ɫ޲øɵڷǰȴǰ㷴ضûУһǼİƣϵĳϣܿһӢ׳ͷ
һߵӦ죬Ҳûӹһ١
ûɱǣ˷ŭֻһµĴԽݣԽԽݣ޼ɵ
˶ɵˡ



548 ǵ
žžž~
Ŀ£ĮһµĴӥӦ
޼ɵûκԥ
˲ңҲˣȻн飬úӥ֮ͻǴʢڲ£ҲȥᣬӥӦ죬ȻͷϣҪɱй֮ŭʹŭ
ҶԸԼһݺݱȥ
ӥӦô뵽Ȼ令ıֶ̬Σɱ˲ɷ
ûɱˣǵ˵棬ݺݵĴ֮ܣӥӦԣȴǱܡ
˻ŭʣƿŭŷԽݣľԽûκι˼ɣʹޱȣѪգȻʹľ޴ܸ߳УȴǺ޲Ҹطȥ
ӦͽϴƽҲţйľ˹ȥ
ӥҲһʧǡ
ĸˣһȴڴͥ±˴ʣԺӥŻἫĽͣǰҲ̧ͷº󴫳ȥĻ澡ʧڸ߲Ҳʧ֡
ӥޱȵĺڡ
ö˶˵ȥʲô֪ˣԲǷ֣ûкҩġ
Ҳûԭ߸ϵģ̵ֻӵһԡ
ҲǷûжֵԵʣʵҲ¡
ʢеˣûֹǷ·۳޾令ܰ㣬жܾȥԽ׳ذ벽ֻĿӥӦ챻
ǿޱʹ죬꣬ʹˣüɫ裬һѣ˵кá
ʹʹˣҲ
Ȼ֣ȴճõĻΪĵˣԴҲ벻İ취
ΣӥĿûб¶ĸˣλߣǴʢУ˾٣Ҳڴʢе
ȻӥȣɴʢҲ⡣
ɫѾȥǿˣΪеֲΨһҵǣûˣûжٽң˴£޶ԴʢеӡҲ޿ӡ
ס֡
һŭȴ洫ţһµߴ˽̬͡
һ͸е˲Сѹ΢ݣ̲µ˵ʵǳ죬ﵽ񾳡
֮ϣ񾳡
ʢˮ³ǿߣȻ졣
󹩷ˣǿߣ϶ܴзˡ
ʢеæ˿ȥÿ˵·
ߣ֪ߵغ񣬾Ҵʢ¡󹩷ŭһǰĽŲݶڲţƼ侪ˣۿ̾Ҫ֡
üǿߣ϶Ƕ֣ʯεǿǰжãȻҲη塣
ȻҶ֣Ȼ̵ġ
Щ˸֪£ȫһ˲뿪ʢеĵ̣档
˵ؿˮ³ǰҼٰ컪ʢᣬֻҪ棬ʢе˵ٴҲǲҶֵġ
ڷҪ뿪֮ʱһȴͻȻ
Щһĵرû㶯õĹȻĵر
˵ģӣվǵޣʯĵĵرϢɢݳ
˭󹩷üͷ΢壬Ų˶٣Щԥûӷһ춼ߣϡ
󹩷񡣡󹩷û뵽ǣüȴǿָ
󹩷ʱһݣԼĵλ壬Ҳܿ򲻻ǰָôˣ˵ͷˣӵﲻ
ɻûάֶãܿԽͣλ׿Խĵ޸¡
׿Խޡ󹩷ɫ΢䣬Ҳ֪Էļֵϵ̬ȶʱǫЩ
ʾõĵ˵ͷ󹩷ҴСӣþ˸¡
ӣȴû󹩷ĿĶŷĿ⣺ܽĵرõֵزޣ϶Ҳǵޡ
þĴɽ֮ǿĵرǱԲֹ׿Խ㵽˭ӷϣе˼ѹȸС
ⲻǷΪ£ҲΪʵ緽һԴԱϵѹȡ
۱ʣ۱ԴԶ֮ϡ
Ȼױ߳٣Ҳоֻܿ϶ǱԳ
ʲôҲǵޡ
ǵޣǱֹ׿Խ
߽仰Ȼ󣬵˶ȴʯ쾪ʲôҪ졣


549 ֮ǰ
ޡ
һǱ׿ԽǱĵޡ
˶סˣ󹩷Ҳͣٶ֡
һ׿ԽǱĵޣԲܵġ
ޣȻǵޣüͷתͷȥãֻҲһãȻȻҲǵһ֪Ǹޡ
Ҳ֣ͨǰһǿǲǵ޵ġ
ϾĵرҲʹãûӵ쾡°ˡ
۹Ȼ֮ǰͷδйӴȻʩչ令ܣҲûȷ˵Ǳ׿Խ󣬸ǿˡ
ȲҪֹ֡󹩷
һ׿ԽǱĵޣôﲻ𣬷Ҫá
ȻҲΪӵһ仰ͺޱŵģϾ¹ش
λѣӥӦ죬϶һЩᣬֻҪûˡǰһϿҵԼ̬ŵĺܵ͡
Ŀ⣬ɨ΢΢Ц
ûѡһִ
˼Ļ󹩷֮ǰͺȻɵӥӦ죬Ҳˣαصȵڡ
ȻԷѡòҲûΪѡ
ͨ
һɣӥӦʧȥ֧ţһ㣬˵ϡ
Ӧ˹ȥȥ˵
ӥһҡ
ѣ˺淢£ԭ󹩷ʱϣΪܺݺݱȻӵһ仰ȴǽ׵ĴԨ
ˣӵĻģԷҲûбҪѡ
һԽ׿Խĵް
ʲôӥˣΪ֮ǰŤתֶΣƳһλ׿Խޡ
֪Լĳ𣬴ڹͥ±裬ǲܱˡ
ЦһԼӣʢжѡΪԼͷġ
һ̣ӥҡ

뵽һڡ
ŵˣ΢΢һЦҲ⡣
˶ԷԻǱʵϣǼӣ˶ɲġ
΢΢ۣͿˣڸڵ󹩷Ȼⷬ̽飬ҲԷ
ƽ㶼û⡣
ǰһĻʢ߿϶֪κβԼλ󹩷Żڸڡ
ںҪߵĻԼߵˣҲûߵ˼
Լǳ¾ԲСνĹؼǲǳԽ׿Խĵޡ
ǣôӥǼС£ӦǱߣ챦իҪ鷳ʢжһ絣Ա㽻Լôһ
Ȼǣô֪
֪׻ʲôʽȷҵĵ޵ȼһߺԼ裬һ߳š
ʢߣסԼ취ԷǱϷһ۾ܿ
ǵޣһӹɣؼǱ
Ҫġ
޲߱ҪΪ޵ѶȲǺܴȻۣһ棬ȴ̫ѣؼĻڣ֮½
֮½ǵ޵Դ
⣬Ϊѡ˵˵ĵ֮½ŻڲͬΪܵԶڿĵϸ󣬶Ҫ𾪲ѡ
ĵȻޱߣκβס޵ࡣ
ɾĵޣȻǷǳǿǱӶảĴɽԴɲĵҲˡ
޵ֻǼصġ
ûһõı֮½޵ĳɳǰ;ԣͨ޷½һӵļޡ
ĵޣûκǰ;ģȻֵѶȵͣȴԶԶߡ
ڴʢеˮ³Ƿֵкüĵޡ
֪֪ˣӦ˽ֶβźáкܿ˼·
д±еƣҲ룬ԼȫǱ¶
ǺԼǱġ
ӣͨ麣Ǳ׿Խ˶ҵˣοǱȼ϶Ҫȼ֮ϡ
ĽǷҪġ
Լֵıһ㣬û⣬Ǳֵ̫ɫˣʢЩ˵¾ͻˣɱԼܣȦȴǿԼ
˵ʱһͻع򣬵вٵȥйʱ˷˵ˡ
ˣ취Լûô㣬ȻҲŪ̫͡
ֻ취ǿдȥˡ

ء
ű˴򿪣̽ŵתͷɫķ
ȥý˵˵һ仰漴žֽŸˡ
һأϵ飬ͻָƽãǴʢ棬Ψһεˡ
ЩͷԣһС£֮ǰͷԸǣҪ㷽һкҪ󣬲Է졣
ùȻǺҪ
뵽ƺǰףавҵ̾һ˸ȥ֪ͨá


550 ʢῪʼ
úܿ˹
磬ǵޣǳԽ׿ԽĵޣһţȲˣĴ۾һգգģŷ
ֱ֣ڿ죬㲻ҪְӣЩΣҲǳڴЩš
˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ˹
ȽЦЦ˽һʯ˳䡣
֮ĵĵرҲڷĿ֮Уǵ޵ܽĵرӵ쾡£ǱߣͲܿѹĵĵرˡ
һѹԵСΧ򣬾͵Ǹ磬񾳵ߣǺƿġ
Ȼ˶䣬Ȼý뷿һƬžʲôûдõĶԻˡ
޵Ȼǧٹ֣ϣ϶кǿĵر

磬˵ߴš
޵ĻȷʵǣǲǳԽ׿ԽҲö֪Ϊ֮ǰҴδԹЦЦ˵
Ȼ磬ʵ̫ˡһĳݣõϺҲ˵𾪡
ԭΪʵǿ˽׼ƷĿܣû뵽Ȼ˶κβãһһλޣкܴĿܣǳԽ׿Խĵޡ
֣ǲ׿ԽĵޣҺ꣬һվһߡ֣صһԵҲͷ
š˵ͷ֮ǰõѡ񣬾һ㣬ûоȴˣʢ棬ֻãԺ׵Ļ֮⣬Ҳͬκˡ
⻰һǶʱϲ
̫仰ķˡ
ֻҪ֤ȷʵǳԽ׿ԽĵޣôڴʢеĵλҲἫ󻯵ߣ˵Ǿء
ڣʹʢн׵ģʢûҪĴϣҲίȥܱ¼ҹҪõĶֲ࣬ΪĴˣҲмôģҲá
ֹͷȻվߣһ㣬ԸǺôˡ
Ƿֵġҡҡͷûм˵ȥ
һ֧мҲ֪˵Ưûʲô壬Ķ飬Ȼж
̬ȣձøΪǢ
Ǹ߷࣬Ҳλ壬Ѿȥ˲ԷǱˡ
ԵǱģһǵеĴĵλԷȫûȣӲԷ
ĵ޲ԣҲЩǿߣͳһʱвԣڲ
֪ǱһǷǳҪġ
ۣЩֵ֧ĵ⣬󲿷ֵĵ޶Ҫı·ġ
ӣҪˣƾԼҪ½һ½ʮ㣬쳣ѵģϾ֮½еıԴǷǳϡˣҪᾧ֮ƶԼĽ
ԼȻû⾭úͱǮֻܺ챦իʢ֮ṩԴԼǰڳɳһ̶Ⱥͨ麣ú߽롣
˫Ӯľ棬ǺƾʲôṩԴ޷ǾǱ
ǱͶʵļֵǾһȥ˭Ҳ޳ĴƼҡ
컪ʢǰϦԳķ벻ǿߣѾؽ¸һ˵ϻˣȥˡ
ԷĻشǣûա
໹û
ٹ죬컪ʢˣʱ΢һЩӦҵˡ˵
컪ʢᡣ˵ͷҲ¶ڴ
ǳ컪ʢġ
֣컪ʢϣҲе֮ĽһбϢʤߣܵõһĵرҲ֪١Щ˵
ĵر𶯡
ͷȻкüĵĵرĵرȴһûеİ
ĵر籾̫ܻУҲЩóˣָߵȽ׵ĵر麣߻ļʺܴ
ʱҵҪȥʶʶ
һøȥǰҲǰһ޹
ʢڣҲкü޵ģȻǶûʲôǱ
ҪȻǾȫ㡣
Ǹ˺󣬼Ҳǵľ˵Ĺ;η
ͬΪޣɶԷʵǱԶԶİ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣˽һЩڵ޵ϾԼǶģ֪ⷽʶԶָҲࡣ
ȻҲûֱʣһ֣ǰ󱲵̬öԷ˵˳
޲֪޲ԣ޲
Ҳ˿޵ǱԣûôΣգܿƵģĵ޲Եʱ޲óͲǱȼԽԽãҪ͵ġ
ȥһĲҲжա
ʱܿȥ컪ʢҲڿʼ


551 
һ磬þ˷ķ䣬һȥμ컪ʢᡣ
Ǹȷĸ߷ȻϵһǿߣԷӦһʱ䣬ԷǱ
߰ɡÿɷ
ˣ棬ǳʱվ϶Цݡ
⼸ʲôдܵĵط¡ҵϾӺ߰˷֣ôᣬЩ˶Էôܵ﷽
¹شԼţôʢЩ߲ҲţȴҪó֤ǲԽ
Ѿϵ˸߲㣬Թ󣬾ͻһݺֻҪǱ׿ԽǴʢԸȫṩԴǵ
΢΢ͷ
ȻЩ˵е֮ģҰɽԴĻǷ϶ֱ˾ǣλ󹩷ڸҲκô󣬻ҲĶ
ûߣȻΪûе
һ磬ɲȵԴḻ
糣˵Ļṩ㹻ᾧôͨǰ⣬Ҫ½ʮ㣬Ҳǰ¡
Ȼ⣬ǲ˷ͻƴĻġ
һ˳˴ʢеפأͬеˣá󹩷⣬ˡ
ӥˣҲûԷ޹⣬ҲԼ
ȥ˺󣬳Ǵʢде߸ˡ
ҲǸ߷ιˣȥ컪ʢˣͬ·
컪ʢ֣׼÷һʮһȵʢᣬֳڵǿġ
ˮ³ǽֹУ˿ûзеߣ˶ͽС
һۡǰݺ󣬺ܿ챻˽ȥ
öˣšͨĶˡ
ģȻǿߡ
̸̾ۡоһεΧЩ̾Ҳֻܷϸǿҵ𺳡
ųǣǸŵˡ
˵ǣ󹩷Ҳ԰֮ɫء
⿴ۡƣǿߣܲ³˿϶һ
ĿĵغһӰͻȻڷǰ˭Ҳûôġ
һӣ·Ӱһ㣬Ŀɨȴ󹩷̲ס˸ɫ䣬Ȼһλ񾳸ǿߡ
˵ȣֹڡ
󹩷꣬šȻ֪أæԸ
ͷ˽ȥӲ
һŻӣ棬鲻ŭǡ
Ĵˡǰ˼㡣
ӣе
šĴ΢ɲĵ˵ͷûһۣ½ʦȺŰɡ
æӦǡ
Էݣˮ³Ƕһģ۵λڴʢЩ߲֮£ԶԶ޷ġ
Էô˵ѾǺܸˣȻҲΪԼϵĺԵʡ
˵꣬ĴԹԵ˽ȥǡ
벻Ҫ֡
޷
һᣬҲûλǿߵˣҲͬһ㣬λǿ߲Ǳģǰһ
ģ㡣ˣһӺͳ˸棬˶һ㶣ҧ
û뵽㣬ճġɫҲÿ
ߡŭһۣûж˵ʲôϾ˷˲ܵģڱ˵ĵϣҲ
ҵһУû뵽ǾȻҲһλޣǲ֪ǱΡɫЩѿ
컪ʢģͬҲкܶ˲ð˶ԷǱ͵ĵޣҲǲܡ
˶Էĵһۣһʮ꣬ư۾·𶼳ͷϣλӣӵĸ߰ģ֪ԼǱģӣҲǳĿ
⣬еڶˣȥӦһԸŮ
Ůʮģʱȭͷ߬ţĽš
ǽʱǸĴ˺ôҲ¶棬ˣȴѹû
˼Լ˰Сʱ
ͻȻһµߴ˽
һۣжʱȻ
ֻܣţǿɢݡ
塣
ϸʣȻһһ䣬裬϶ɱ壬ʵҲɲ⡣


552 㼶
壬ͬСɡ
ߵ壬һ壬ǿ
½ʦ
߽Ĵæӭ˳ЦݣﻹǰԷ˲мһ˵ı顣
ӣʱޣҪȥֵ޵Ľᣬģ˵꣬½ʦĿŷ˹Ͼ˷Ůưϡ
ʵȻһ۾ܿǵޡ
ˣǹ½ʦ֣漴һǰͶһʽŹֵĳĿ̶ȡ
ԵǱĶˡ
Ӵʢеĵ޿У֪飬Ҳе⣬ǰҲǲҵ
ưٸ߰Ҳ½ʦǰװģҲǱޱȵǫ
ǰ棬Ȼעɽ֮Ϳˡ½ʦ
һԣţɡĴһ裬廰ָŮ
˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ֮ϡ
ôţŮԸӽֶ֪ţںһ£ǰ˼ȷӦһߺˡ
ҲûȡЦŮʰ飬æߵ˳ǰƲȥžͱ۾ʼעɽ֮
ǿ鳤
ŮĴɽ֮ע룬ɢɹâͬʱҲһֱĹߣ³֣ţһ̶ȡ
ŹԽһٽ㣬ɢĹâҲɰɫתɵɫ
֮󣬹ߵٶȿʼ仺ջͣϵĹâҲɫϡ
ͨǱϵȣ½ʦ۳
Ĵ˶Ǻ⣬ȻǶԸŮȴϲɫŮҲ۾ĿжǾϲ
ͨ˵ͷ
޵ǱΪӡͨ׿Խ㡢Լ˵ȼ
Ӽĵޣֹ֣½ûʲôλ
ͨҪһЩͻƵͨͨ麣ĿܣȻֿǼˣһǧͨ棬δܳһãҲϣ
ŮͨǱͨ棬ϵȣ׿ԽҲԶһͨʻǺܴġ
׿ԽҲǷտʼΪģضͨ麣ҲǴڼʵģȻҪĶ࣬ʮ׿Խ棬һ㶼һͨȻǲͬնˡ
㼶ٷְͨ麣
麣⣬Сͨ졣
˵Ǳضͨ麣ͻ߲硣
˵֮ϣ϶бĵȼӦòܲԵĳߣ粻߱
޵ľ磬ڽ쾳֮ϣ󾳽磬߲磬Ҳо֮ء
û´ĻԼǱȼҲǴ˵ȻǱȼһУҲкϵĵޣֿԼ͡
Ĵָư꣬æͰ͵ȥϹϾİȥעɽ֮
ϵĿ̶ȣ̷ĹâҲǷɿĶȹ˰ɫɫ
Ůļ޺󣬹Ȼûֱֹͣӳ˹ȥĹâҲǺܿɫ
׿Խư깴˹ǣ¶˼ְɫ
Ĵ˺½ʦҲǱרע˵㡣
ӣֿ˴죬˷ܣƵĿ۳֮࣬⣬Ȼ㿴Ρ
ڣͣĹâҲɫ
׿ԽϵȵǱˣܲ½ʦѵõ¶һ˿ЦݣĺãмʣͻƵͨͨ麣ġ
˵ģмʶѡ
ⶫǺܲ˵ģֻҪǰٷְ٣ʧܵĿܡ
׿ԽϵǱҲֻǶɵļʰˣܹͻƣҪĳɳ
лʦ佱ưǿеļ߻ʱаɫŨӵĿһС
ӣĴЦ˼ͬɣ·һӣͽѹȥ
ϧ㼶Ĵ˰ҡͷ
ֵˡĴ˵΢΢һЦȥظǰߵΪǳעɽ֮
~
ͻȻ
ɽ֮ոע룬ǹ߾ǳƵģ͵ر˲Ϣ䣬Ϳ׿ԽĿ̶ȣٶȿķ˼
˰亹ԼѾٴɽ֮עˣû뵽Ȼ˾ˡ
࣬Ǵɽ̫֮
Ҳҿ׼ڲ֪ȫעɽ֮Ļ߿»ֱӱ
٣ټ١ͷ߳˺ˮƴٴɽ֮ע룬̲ϴ˵
˶Ŀɿڴ
ŴͣҪЦģڿȥҪޣưɴ۾ŵĿųǶԸŮҲǲ˼֮ɫ
ΪȻ׼ɴʱۿǽסĺ٣ǳϲԣҪЦ
ĴԭںģҲһɨգ͵վŵĿųеĲ豭򷭶˿ˡ
𾪵ģ½ʦ
һ˲䣬㻳Լǲۻˣߴ㿪ʼ˲ͻ׿Խ½ʦ඼ֹͣ
Ȼ˲ͻ׿ԽǹǵͷѸٱ仺
ϵĹâ͵һ䣬ɫĹ͸һ⣬Ѹš
ҫ
㼶
߻ǣڴﵽеȵĳ̶Ⱥͣ
㼶еȵǱ½ʦ
䶨ƺ˶һڳ
ϾԷտʼǷͷǵпܰɡ
ֲ̫ˣȥ󣬿۹ҪΪ֮䶯
⡭ĪһֱļɣǱһ˲䱬½ʦ뵽һֿܣ͸տʼı
֮⣬벻Ŀܡ
ɷڲ׾
ͷ󺹣һȵӣͲô룬ֲԣ˭㾡ܣԼǱܵѹեģⳤĲԷǳ׼տʼע֮󣬾ͻȡɽ֮ڲ׾Ŀԡ
ҡѾˡĨ˰ϵĺˮ
ȷʵǾˡ
ƴȫͳϵԿ
ҲǰʢеǸˣ˵Ϊܿƴɽ֪֮ʵ鲢ˡ
һעɽ֮ǳϾͻ˵ͬԴĴɽ֮ȫչȥȵӦϲŰݣϾһ޵Ĵɽ֮ٶ࣬ɵλʱܵƵġ
Ҳ֪ҲȫֵϣǼʶ⣬ҪôǲͬĵǿߣԵֶβͬȻܽһλǿߵֶõһϡ
󣬲ķȻʹ˴жԼռϵ磬òˣ֮½ʹõʼ½ģһжϵɽ֮ҲǴƣǿǱȼ㼶һͻƵǱȻġ
óȫƴǱȼ嵽㼶ȴ֪ʵΪǱȼƴ



553 
㼶
Ĵ˶ʱݣһԵ½ʦһһ۲գĿų
ǽɫâȴ˼ٵġ
㼶еȵǱ
ǵһĴˣˡ
ĴĿȣȻеôֲ㼶ǱҲǷǳˣҪ֪֪½ʦǱҲͽ㼶
Ҳ˵ֻҪزۣɳĺõĻҲ½ʦ
½ʦǺĴˮ³һҲҪԴģȻͨĵޡ
ˮ³Ϊ۹Ŵ֮һ컪ݳǣȻ˲ͣ½ʦҲͨ۹ڣλǲ͵ĵǿߡ
㼶ˡ
ɼǱ
ĺ˫ĿŹ⣬̲סڿЦ
㼶㼶ǰٷְͨ麣İ׬ˣ׬ˡϲ
Ȼӣ˵Ǳ֮ϣʵ΢˵Ļŷ׿ԽҲ֣֮׿ԽµȣеȣͬǱߣǺ㼶ԶԶȵġ
ӵǱٺãܷͨ麣ҲҪĳɳǲκúþ̤ͨĿܣҪͶࡣ
㼶ǿǰٷְٵļʰٲʽܱ֤ͨ麣
ЦȻֻЦЦѡ
ӥӦ졢챦իˣͱԺ
Ѿ¶ģҪúԴˡ
Ƥ鶯ǿҵĶʺޣٿԼư꣬ͻȻ䷢ԭԼɱһһӱƽͨ
ĿҲ֪˼ʲô
ǶԸŮҲ쳣ĽûϵҲĽˡ
ˣԸļ壬ˮ³ǳ֮𣬵ΪļλĹϵλҫĴվĿȵµ
ӣȻˮ³ǳ
ӣҲҴᣬߣҿˡ½ʦֱ۾á
˴۵СۣҲ֮ǰĺ𾴣á
ǵݣ׿ԽԲں
Ͼ׿ԽǴڼʵģⶫ˵ǾųɾŵļʣҲʧܵĿܣٷְٳɹ㼶ȴȫͬնҲֵᡣ
Ĵˣ½ʦҴʢеˡһ
˵ģǳࡣ
Ҳû֮ǰľηλΨַı⣬æվ˳ǱҪסģ򴫻ȥҪ鷳ﻹ˵ϼɵˡ
ߣĸУ˵ķݣĴ˺½ʦһǰϸӿǿ֮ƣųѹȥȻҲһ񾳵ǿߡ
ʵҲˣȻܲסҲӲټ֪ʱĺӲǳû¶ӣŭˡ
ˣĴ˺½ʦüͷ
ǲں࣬ǶԷĴʢУȴЩɵ
ǿ۹ĴУ߲Ҳȥ
Ѿʢôǿв֣ҲҪǺ
ĴҲͬһġ
ߡһŭߣĴɫЩѿûټ֣ɢơ
˿Ĩ˰ϵĺˮֻ˫ŷ˵ĺ¡
ȻѾǱһɡΪ⣬޲뿪
΢΢һЦûоܾ뿪ǰĴ˺½ʦһ
·лĴ˺½ʦҵǱԣмպлĻһŰл΢Ц
⻰һĴ¶֮ɫŴЦ
úúãļĴţԶΪ򿪣ͨƣֻҪ컪ڣļĲҵǰʾƣһŻݣˮ³ǵĻҲֱҡĴ¶⣬һ֣ʱһɫƷ˳˷ǰ
ȻĵرһɫƺȻһĵر֣ǣ֮˼
ңϵѽ⣬ʱңϷһ߾ܣ컪ʢϵĵ޽ᣬѵãɲҪˡ½ʦҲǷ˴ЦԼ˹
ҲһĵرȻȴǻڣһ⣬Եڲͬ
ûп˵
һĻɫʱЩѿ
ӣ˫ĿŹ⣬һ˲˲Ķŷ
ǶǴˣڷǰ˵仰˼ϾͲ˳
˼ʹʢеĹϵûôڴʢ߲ĻʱпͶˣ͸ϣ
ǿ᲻УɷǴʢҲ޻˵
ôȻԼ⡣
ûѡĴ˺½ʦΪһ֪ǵûֵˣóȻǵ˭֪ᷢʲô
ɷҲ㣬׾ѡʢУȻԸʹʢкҲԸֲãһеǰᣬҪʢó㹻ĳһᡣ
ڣȨڷ



554 ֻ
ú󹩷ĵ档
淢Ĳԣȴǰ㶼֪飬ļٵĵŽǣǲǱ㼶ĵޣ˵̫ˡ
磬İɣһûġ˻СȭͷԷǺġ
Ǽ˸ЦݣȻô˵ٻЩûʧ
쿴ǳˡۼ⣬Ϸ˳ķͳ࣬ߵϸǴ档
˵᲻صİһܿͰ̬ȣľοͼֻҪʢ㹦ó㹻ĳǻѡǺġ
˳˾һæӭȥ
壿ǽŵĿ࣬ȻԷϴЦĲ٣û׶Է϶ĻǾû
ʹ㼶еǱĵޡ˵ͷ
㼶ú󹩷ǻһ漴¶˿ϲ֮ɫ
ܰٷְͨ麣İǷԶԶӵ׿Խɱȵġ
仰˵ֻҪԸ⣬ʢṩ㹻ᾧĻ̽Ƶ½ʮ㣬̤ͨͨ麣
̫ˣ̫ˡ˷֮ЦݣΪģһԵ󹩷ҲľĿǫ͹
֪ʢĻλԶ֮ϡ
ʱ󹩷ޱȵңԼûж֣﷽
Ӻ洫
ɫһ䣬æһ䣺ߣ뿪
Ƭ̶ûͣû˻ᡣ
΢΢һЦȻˣϳ׷ˣӣǳͷ
ʱ򣬷Ĵ˺½ʦʾãɶȴǲᡣ
ˣȴҲӿˣϣɲĴ˺½ʦʹʢбͲԸҲûô˼ɣҲǺѹ
ôᡣ
ߣճķô׷̫纮˪ѸԶȥһˣҷ
ư꣬Ѿŵһȥˡ

컪ʢᶼμˣֱӴŷǣصˮ³Ƿֵꡣ
׷ӣҲеѹԷɲκι˼ɵģǼᶨͷЭľġ
Ҫᾧܽ½ʮ㣿ұ֤ٶȣΪŪһصפأ˴˫֣Ȳ׷ʵƺ˾
ǺǡһЦȻһһڣã̸̫ˣ
Щͷˣû̸֮ǰʲôȥ
ǣǡЩεЦˡ
ûжȻܾ˼ĲС
ҪҺ͹кҲǲܣסǺҲܹеǺĻûκ⡣
Ҫһ㣬֮⣬һмȻһ㶼̸£ĻôҲͲ̸ˡ˵ת䡣
Ǳġ
㣬ԺпܴʢеΪǵĹ֮
ԺʹʢкԲᣬԼӡʢеı־Ժķչ
Ŀ΢Ŀ˷һۡ
վڴʢеϣõѡ񣬵ȻǺ
Ƿ̬ȣǳǾһɢĶû̸
˿ɣ϶ĳ
Ҫ֪û͸¶Լĵǰڴʢеפش֣˵棬ݺݴӥӦ
˵ĵΪ˵޼ɵҪ˵ǲܡ
ɫ䣬Ȩ
Ҳļߴ٣ųĻش
ģᷭ֡
ȣɲǺǵģפǿڲ֪Լϸǰ£ҲаմȥԷ
ΣʢҲô
ɲǹԮˣĴ˺½ʦһԻʢиӲǿĻôǿ϶棬Ͼһ㼶ĵ޼ֵߣҷԸڴʢУǳҲվסš
ŷ򶨵飬ǴݲȵӣȻ
ͻȻˣǵޡ
Ī⣬Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ʲôĵرʲô
ԷҲ֪һ۳ܵĵر֮⣬ȫһ֪
ֻҪ룬ۻܵĵر˶κβˣͿԿɲ⡣
ˣǰ֣ʹӥˣ¿޼ɵж
Ϊʲôˣ
Լ޵
ҡҡͷԿĳʱķûб¶Լݵ˼Ӻ˫Ѿˡ
ѵǲ֪ߵغ³嶯Ǻ
˷һۣųһ뷨
ǰǰȻʹӥˣֹ򾲴ݣֵʱޱȣ˼̵ӡڳʱ򣬸Ǵݲȣɸʢһ𹿣ǲΪ
ıУǼΪǳ嶯Ϊˡ
Ȼˣô϶֣ڲ¶ݵǰ£ҲаմȥϾû֪ĵϸ
뵽ʱȻĸĪĵǸոһ˿뷨Ҳϱ
ڴʢеĵλޣҪ޷һϵܲǱߣظܿ˾
á˵ͷ
Ҵȥ
ˮ³ǷֵϵܲСʹ󣬵ȻܴһЩϢǴͲġ
ߵ£ҪֲС
Сʹǰཫһľ˽ȥȥϸһ飬ãʹӥˣԼĲԣĴ˺½ʦ죬ԼĺҪԼķǣû£Ǳߵĸ߲㣬Դһȫ˽⣬
âһǾǱ˰㣬ʧ͵˴ʢܲ
ϣܲǱߣͬɣˣ̫Ҫˡ̾˿һȴܲǱߵϢ
֪ܲҲڹעŴ£ҲڵŽˣԼϢһȥ̾ͻᱻۣȻ󾡿ĵóۡ
ؼǵȲ𰡡
Լ߳ٳٲ𸴣֮϶̲סֵġ
أȻҲд˽ȥλߣҲʲôֻܵǱߵĴ𸴡
ԼСʱ
йâһһż㸡ֳ֡
ྫһæ˹ȥ̿֡
ͬ⡣



555 ʨӴ󿪿
ͬˡ
ϲæȡż㣬һ顣
ϣܲȻͬ˷ĺҪ󣬱Ͼһ㼶ĵ޲ݴͨ麣ĵޣ綼ϡ˲ţǴʢУҲûеġ
֮⣬Щ߲㻹࣬һҪ󻯵ȡ档
ֻҪ湻󣬽麣࣬ôҲһֵĲˣǿԲں
ܲôظȻǷǳעش£ķҲ˺ܴá
żĿ֮ʡ
ż㣬ֻеɣ̸׺ԼĹܲˣܿԼԺڴʢзҡֱϵǰˣжʱѡ
ϲ£ܲǱͬҪˡ಻ҵ飬̸ϵ˷˵Ϣ
̫ˡ˵仰ģǡ
ŷһţһļٵĵܲϢʱõȷĻظжʱһʯأ˵ɡ
ЦЦû̫⣬ѹоʢвŹ֡
ܲǱȨңͷ̸ʲô뾡æ
Ҳá裬һڣֻ
һ̸֮ǴʢڲֻϵʲôҲҪȫ֮֡
⻰һǶʱ΢΢
Ȼˣûпտڰ׻ĵһͺԼйء
βǸм㣬̫ԼˣԷӸмҲ¶˾ģһҪúñԿ
ĽޱȵĿһۡ
Сӣ¿ɷˡǶԷ֧֣ҲӦ˻ر
û̫ļʣĽˡ
֪֮ͷϵ£ζ䵽ԼϣûѡܲŻиԼܽԼ˴ѣǷ׿ָûκνֵĿܡ
ԼӥԸʱѡԹۣ֪Ĺ۸п϶òȥǾͲһˡ
ԷԴʢеҪԣԺȻˮǴߡ
޹أҲȥᣬҲֲϣǵѹӱǸ߲ͷ۵ˡ
ڷҪ£߲
һʵ㱨ģڶأʵ
ڶҵͨ󣬻Ǽͨҵʼ½ǰ麣ǱһЩ
˳˵һ䣬ЩҼ֮ûڰڴĻôʲôģͲ˵ˡ
˵ͷȻǺôʢеĶҲ޳ó
˵Щ
ʯ֮⣬𡭡ûпڽһҪĲϣ˵˳
ûд嵥֣ɲдҪдĻϾͻ¶ݣÿ
ЩȻǽ촫Ĳˡ
תۼ䣬ͱϰϣֵ侪ˡ
޽ϣڱеģұҪ졣
컪ʢᶼȥμӣʹʢ̸ĿȻΪˣ¡
ΨнϺûк֮ǣ˵ǵһҪ񣬰κ֮ǰ
ϡ
ҿ϶ʢóеĶҪ̸ףôʢȥѰңȥгɹĿܣͣʱ䵽ˣûд㹻ĲϣҲûκ塣
ˣһҪ졣
Ĩ˰ѺҪĶ̫ˣ˵Щļֵߵ޷ܣͽ麣ЩڴʢеĳܷΧڣؼǶࡣ
˶ĶһʱԴ룬ҷֻ˰µʱ䣬´ղ룬ֱһɢеѹ
۹⣬ȻҲԿҪЩǴĽϣҲûϸ롣
ҪΪҪ׽ϣһĴûжȻмⲿؼĲʯԶ׼õġ
ûʯͨĴˣټϼⲿ˵Ƕ˵㣬Ҳ˲³ͼȻʯ̾ͨģ紫
ϵܲǴҴȥ
һҵۺ󣬲ϣܲǱ޿κΣֻͬ˷Ҫ
Ƚϣ麣󣬿ܻõľ޴棬Щֵõġ
Ȼᣬǳڸ߲Ҳû֧ߵģ׵һϵ֧֣ϷĻʢиûѡ
̸ףǣ뷽跨ڰڣŪ뷽Ҫϰˡ



556 ӥķ
֣ѾҪĶгһ嵥ܲȥˣֵܲĿһһӦڽѾˡǻ˻еľᣬЦ˵
Σʢкͷ֮ĽףһΣǶԼǰ;ǶԷıǶҪԼؾƾá
ʢеķӦܿ졣
ʱ򣬾ѾжԼڸصĿ棬ͷһһӦ
˵˵ͷ
ţҪϰоǴʢеܲԼֵ꣬ҵ߲ѾЩò˶ã͵ˮ³ǻ˵ͿȫȻأʱ˵ҲǼ졣
ǻʮǴʢжûеģ־ܷģ߲㴫ϢʮܴӱĵطȻҪһЩʱգҲڰɣ˵ء
ǺǣҲǾ̫֮ǳҴʢԼϤûУ˶Ǻֵ̫ףѾõȷϢڴ˴ε컪ϣͷֱо̫֮ǳһ᲻ϧһУΪ֡
ʱϰһ٣ڰʹ
Цʮ㡣
İǿ̶̰ڣͽһͷˣκ⡣
Ǿͺá˿
⴫Ľһ㶨ȥĺ֮ǣֻҪͨһжڻ¡
Ȼ⽨촫ĵص㣬Ҫϸǡ
ȫǵһλġ
ûпɱԣ㹻ʵǰܶҪסκ֪¹ãҲǲ͸¶ֺġ
컪𣬵ʱҵҪȥЦ
컪ᣬҲ컪ʢһͷϷٰ졣
ͬУҲǼȤ
û⣬һŪһҲ롣
컪ᣬȻκ˶ܽȥģ¼ҹˣܱڣռôʢеȴǾ⡣
ӥģߣⱰСˣҲʸҴʢȥμ᣿ǳ˵Ρ⡣
һ׷ȫӥԵʣֻϧ֤ݲ㣬ûӥ⵹
ڴʢڵǰӥȻȫͬնˣ˵ģڴʢ֧ĸˣѾӥְȨܲڵĵλֻҪ˳չȥһͻԶӥ֮ϣʱ־
ӱʮ겻
漴ԷЦ֣ʱϣʲôģ뾡ܳ־ģǧҿ
ˮ˼ԴǺԼڵĵλԼǰǷġ
Ǿȴ֮ˡûоܾ
ڵĲ컪ᣬҲǸͰˣȻŵǷҲߡ
Э˵ͽϵһһپ٣ֲǣλͬʱϻȡһЩôҲӦ˵Ĺϵӽܡ
æ죬ǵ޵Ľᣬҿɲܴˡվ
һҪһҲ飬ȥ˼ˡ

飬飬
ʢפأһ䷿ڣϵĴҵءȻˤԷй
ż˾ҲԶԶ˿ȥû˸ȥùͷ
ǣ顭ӥﲼѪ˿Ť
ϣϡܿǰ챻ʹŹͷĺۼ
Ӧˣȥˡ
ϾǴʢеĵ̣˴裬Ӧôæת챦իѰ˼İ취
쵰쵰ӥŭ񣬽Ķһĺݺˤڵϣ鷢йš
Ǹ
ҺްķȻҳ֡
Щ۵ĸ߲㣬Ǵӡ
ӥĶ췢ˡ
ڹͥ±ݺܴžʧʢзǵûΪ𣬷Ҫȥֺ÷Դ
ӥŭģǸ߲ȡλá
һĳ˹
ǱȻ֪ʹʢдɵЭݣɶҲܲ³ԺڴʢˮǴߣλԼܱȵġ
ĺĿ־塣
жôЩ֮ʣ˻ţһֶŵģ϶ˣĻ֡
ڲԸûȷ֤ݣɵǵλոߣҪɵһ仰⡣
ԼڴʢڣѾǰ;ԣΣա
Ǳҵģҵģĸ߲㣬ԭԥҪҪͶ챦իҲԥˡӥʺЦ
ƣľ
ҪһҪ
Ҫǣʹ飬ʱ޿̵Ϊյľڡ
ǲǰǷ޼֮ɴʢϣҾҪǵ룬ٵǵϣһϵ챦իˣȰˣҿǵʱʲôȥ𣬹
ӥﾡǷ



557 
ˮ³У컪ʢݱĽС
ֵϣ˳˵ַãԼ󹩷Ⱥ֮УȻ˵󹩷һߣҪĿΪ˱İȫ
ߣҲһǿˣʲôˣ֧Ƭ̣ʱˮ³ǵͻץߡ
󹩷Ŀ⾯裬ϵĴܵˣֱǷе⡣
𲻾ǰ㶯÷ȴ˶Էıڣ±仯֮棬Ҳ󹩷пѣûаԹԵġ
ܽһǱ㼶ĵޣǧѷĺûᣬҲġ
ϵã˵ͨԷʼ½麣̽ա
ǿغͻĸ߲簡
ƾһ㣬󹩷ͲκԹԡ
֣ǰǵ޽ˡͻȻָǰЦ컪ʢһء
ߣǹȥ΢
޽ˮ³ǵ㳡ٰ죬۳֮ãھٰ컪ĳ֮£ɼ޵Ҫ컪ʢԵ֮ĽҲǼӡ
ⳡᣬ컪ϸ׼ƶȣֻҪһķþͿԽȥˡ
ȻҲͣÿҪһƷᾧűڡ
СһСƷᾧ֮ǰõЩҲһƷᾧģʢвƴ֣Ȼⶡѡ
ˡһƷᾧȥǴˣ˳ء
˴ˡ
֣ûȤȥμıǴʢҲƼȨġָųڵ
޽ᣬҪֳ֣мǱأĶǲμӱĵޣΧһ̨еǵ޵ļѣеǵޣҲе˵Ѱ˲ţûֵĵŵĸ
ڣѾʼˣȻڽеģѡԸĻǿʱӽȥ
ˡҡҡͷ
˵ⳡ߽һĵرԷ˵ҲǳĴ
ɷҲ֪֮֮ı漰棬ԼǱߣȴҲûʤİգпܱ¶Լ
ڳʱûб½ʦϸΪдҲΪԷûǿ֮ķţһμӱҪȫԸĿ£Լ
ڻǱ¶ԼʱĵرĽȻˣҲǴ⣬ȥμӡ
ϧˣֳ϶ܺɨˡЩϧҲûж˵ʲô
ⳡ֮ıʢûɳ֣ҪҲΪûʲôõóĵ˲ţǱĿģϣܷһǱ˵ĵţ˷ܲţ޹ؽҪˡ
ǿɲΪĵޣҵڶ
һ˿̨
ף㡣һȵԱߴ˹
Ȼȥȴ־ȻˣڳһͬμӲԵǶԸŮǵãŮԳǱͨϵȡ
û뵽ѡһ̨Ҳǡ
ּˡ΢΢һЦ
ĵȻǶԸŮҪнˣĿžηϾ㼶ޣٷְܿͨģŮһΡ
ǣҲϳԸŮʱûн룬ȴʱҲԸŮһ档
ȻʶҲģԸŮҲپн
磬㲻ȥμӱ𣿡Ůɻʵͺַ࣬ô߰ԽӽҲѧ꣬𷽴
Ǻǣ㲻Ҳûȥ𡣡ЦЦ
ܸȰͷЩ˼ҲŸճΪûãû취Щ˱ȵġ
½ʵȻǱȷʵǲųΪûá
ʵҲȷʵ޷ͱĵȣ޽ҪĿģҲΪ˹Ħѧϰ
ĸ󣬺˵ֻǿŮοͽ
̸֮УҲ˽ǵ
¼ҸŮһңǵһλͨޣ½ʦǴһҵѾʼ˥ˣûʲô˲ųֵ֣ܽ棬۳ֵĶûм
ɫģǻμ컪ʢᣬҲһ
οǣβԳͨϵȵǱĻҪãǱҲҵһЩԸͶʵġ
ͨĵޣҲмͻƵͨͨ麣ģɺãȻҲûа취֮½УͶԴĵر֮࣬緽õĴؾԺͻƵļʣȻȽ϶ԣͶҪĶˣͨܳܵģ˥¼ңȻԶԶû˲
𡣡һ
Ҫ֪ҿɲ򵥣ϻǿ޵ġ
ļ壬һõóֵĵ޶ûУǵĺһ۳֣ɼȻⷽС
ԼŪֵĻ˵Ҳлѩˣɹ۳֣Ϊޡ
뵽˼ʱ



558 
ҪΪޣкܶ취
ǵҵˣҲԼĳɣֻɢ֮ȵȡ
ӵе޵УһȥֳΪ޵ģϾֻǰˡ
緽õΪ˵ޣûڸˣ޷۳
Ȼܹǿһ̶ȣҲͲˣԼ´Ҳǳ߱˳ɵĻɢǺѳֵģ̶ֳȣǻǳңԶ
ϾǰߵԴԶɢܱȵġ
ĵ޴ал磬ĶһֻڵߴɲС
ǿĵңıҲڳɹĿܣ¼ȴ˥ܵĵңûгɫĵޣͨ䱦Ͳǲˡ
ĿûæŰԼ뷨˵
ŸոʶҪԷҪĴ֮ǷǳģҲ̫ðԷӦĿ΢΢
ԸҲȡ
Ҫ¼ĸԸó
ǿҲܣ¼˥ܣҲһң˭֪üǰǿʲô
Һ¼Ҳһ
ۣ˷ܵĿŻ᳡
ǱҪҵԸͶʵ²ףȻԼӰôʢнͶʡ
ǣˣôʢвӽҴʢҲɵӣûкô飬ǲģҪͶһͨĵޣǻǼ侪˵ģҪȡϰϡ
ʹʢǺϵʱʲôȥ
ˣƾԼĻóʵж¼ҿϣǲŻͬ⡣
һ㣬ʱ޷쵽㼶ǱҲɲó
ȷһţҲü˼
õ˵޵УҲûжôҪŪ֣ҲΪ˳ԶǣϾȷԼҲܴеʱ̫ңԶˡ
ҪΪûкõı֮½
ռޣɷһҲ͹ˣлѩҲѡΪ֮½ĻԺķչǰɻ᲻ֹۣⲻǷϣġ
޽УûŮǫ͵̬ȣܳܺͷǰ;˽ãҲ֮á
ĵޱĻͶѷᣬǸŮǰʢеפأҲȻǰ
ǵȻûȻ֪Ϊɶ¼ҸŮӣ׿ģҪ˵ȴǾ޿ܣΪ۹⣬͸һСƵģ˿Ů顣
ҡҡͷûж룬ԣҲС°ˡ
ڷϣʾ߲󣬺¼ҸŮ򣬶ͶʣȻȿ϶СһСͶʵĻҲҪʲôǵһر
ˣ¼ҸŮмֵˣҲ֪һǷԵʣ˶ԷҲӹ
һ磬Ȼ˲űип
ʱޱеݱʱӿֳ˵Ŀ⡣
˵ǵǱжߣҲ˵ǵʵжǿյ֪ʶԼַȵȣ۽磬ֻ̾С
һԣԷ⣬Ҳ֪޲ԣ޲ǵҳ۹֪ʶǼḻȻԷЩɻ󣬵Ů˼ûôƣΪڿشʱǾܵơ
ȻʵϣûжĽ۹֪ʶϣȴǽ󣬶ڵ޸ӵ˽⣬۽翪̫࣬ԶԼ쳵
ջǷƶѧϰˣαװԼϢ
޵ıϣôһţȵľǣ˭غԼʼ½˲
ĵ޸ͨóֶΣ÷ǳСѾͷһߴߴĽͣ˵һЩ˵ʹ÷ŵԭһҲѧַš
ǷʺԼķš
ϴģסԼܣȻԷʵ̫࣬ǰЧҪۿۡ
Ǹ˺ָŻ᳡һ޾̾˵СĵĿ۷æһ䣺ȻҲȲ硣
ǺǡЦ
ɲСˣΪĵһ仰ҲЩ˼ԴɵЦ
ָŵˡ
һʮӣȲִһѷű̹ȣʱҡţȥһǵޡ
Թ˼ȺȴΪ
ⳡޱӿٵĵţҫ۵һ
½ʮʵʵޱȵĻԼַͨţʹĿǰĳɼʱλеһмĿܵǶӮĵر
ϵǰѷ̹ȣһĵĵر
ֻǾΣȴ֪ģĵޣҲܽԼȽ˲쿴
ƺǸо˷Ŀ⣬˹ڿжʱһ˿ݣܿȥ˻Ǵ
ţ΢΢ü
ȷţԷľԼ
Ȼ̨˲٣⼸ͬһλùۿҵҲ
Īĵ⣬ԼؼЩ̰÷Щͷԣϸ룬ҲȷʵǳμˣϾǸûãҪ˵ˣҲܡ
һıҲǺܿĻ
ˣлȥפء
ţӥĿ΢һӰһ漴û˳Уʧ
ȻݣҲϳӥ
ʹŹְλȡ֮פص˶֪ӥȥˣҲû˹עӥҲʹʢбͬУ⼸ͺ͸Ƶġ
ҡҡͷջĿ⡣

˾㼶ޣһ˫Ŀ⣬ŷ뿪˻鵭ȻżֲмǺǣҿҲˣ볡ĵûУǱ̫˷ˡ
ǣǣôܸȣעˣεޱĵһĵرҲ֮˵ģǷƳһ۵ӥʱĹ
ǰˣȻλεޱΪҫ۵ˡ
ԵһЦеȻ˻Σʱһɱ̹⵴оǰɫ
Ҳȷʵûѷ
ӥ⣬Ӧ죬Լһɢźĺӡ
ǱվֻǱ㼶ܰٷְͨ麣ҲҪܻʱСӦ˵գ·ܸоһǼǰ˦ʱʹкŨ
ǴЦ
Ҫ˵ûжʼɣǲܵģȻͻεޱҫ۵ţǱҲ׿ԽϵȰˣǰٷְٵİգͻƵͨҪУ˶ԷİٷְټʣԽĲƽ⡣



559 Ὺʼ
ӣСɱ֣أǵĺ£ڴʢУ챦իһλ㼶ĵޣͷ˾ϧһдۣҪӦ
⻰ӥʱ˫ĿŹ⣬·𿴵˷Ǵƶ׹ĳ
֪˻ȣ漴ӥ˵֣ʱܣ˶޷ĵرϣ
У̰֮ɫ
̶ֳȵĵرʮа˾ĵĵرԣҲǼġ
ǣˣǸƲ⣬Ͽ϶ǿĵرܵĵرҲڴʢô¡ӥæ
ǿĵر⶯ž뵽ʲôüôĵرĪ򵥣Ҫ׵ǲˡ
Ӿܷģ͵˵ִ˷ǳأ㶼Ҳû´ĻӦ죬ĳǿߵĹѨõ˴кͱأǹ۲죬ڵ޵ĻϺܱҲ֤ʵһ²⡣Ӧ˵
ʢߵĵ飬ҲӥҲͷ
˵Ļǡ
ܸɵôһǱǷһܵõǿĵر˻ᣬܴͶ˴ʢУǵޣ޷һԻҪӥϣСӥ
±ضʹӥжڷŹ⣬Էʹʢк֮ǵȲڴһ̵ĵ

ա
ǵˣʮֵڴ
ûеޱĻͣһ죬һжΪ컪·
컪ʢͷϷȻǷͬСɡ
¹شĽڴһĵˣϾݲϣ̫֮ǳϡ
ݲϼҪȶתʱռͨȶԵģûݲϣǴ֮þͻɾһ
磬ҲҪȥμᡣȸԾĴ棬Ǻġ
ãáЦǴ˵ص߸ˣȻȷμȨ
һԵ¼ҸŮҲ¶Ľ֮ɫ
컪ϣ϶ָָ챦ȥҲǲѡ񰡡
Ҳһȥɡע⵽ǵЦЦ漴ѯĿǡ
Ȼԡţ岻ݴǡ
ʱ¶ĵɫȴҡ֣ζȥĻ˵кεºռݴʢе˿ϴȥˡ
̬ȼ㣬Ҳûǿ
Ƿá󹩷Լһͷ׵ߣܹǰ
λͷ׵ߣöϣǴʢˮ³Ƿֵĸˣ󹩷ʮֵĿ
Ͼḻһֶ֪챦۹⼫׼ٻ©ġ
ǱϾᣬ˲μᣬ̫֮ǳ⣬ҲϣֵǮĶҪϵ۹ˡ
뿪פأ˺ܿ쵽һռĸߴǰдĸ֡
Ǿٰ컪ĳ
ĸ󣬹˼壬Ȼˮ³ǵףļµĲҵ
ʸμ컪ˣȻǲࡣ
ʢУǾʸġ
ʾƺ˱ӭ˽ȥźõλãȻǹˡ
ԴʢеĵλȥһڴҲǶ䲻ʻ˴ţݵλ
Ӧ졣
ȥ֮ʱһ˴˸棬˫һ
Ȼ챦իˣΪ׵Ӧ졣
˫˵ǣ˼棬ۺ죬ŭ챦իˣӦҲĿ׺ݵĵŷ
üͷ΢壬ע⵽ȻҲ챦իǵģȻһġ
ԩ·խҾ﹧ףǣеĶˡӦɫһЦ
ٴ˶˵Ƿ
ɫ΢䣬Ļν̫֮ǳڱصõģ챦իӲҪ̧۵Ļ´ʢҪĴ۲С
Ҳһ˿á
ôͺ˰ʹӦһۡ
ߵһӺߵģģĿӦ뵽챻ʹ򣬻ʹ·ܸоݶʱŤ
бͻĿܣĸ˲ɫǰǵĶӦѹ£ǻᱻȡμʸġ
ߡ޺޵ĵ˷һۣӦ챦ի뿪
ô硣߹Եʱ˻еȣĿ˵ĳͲм
ʼ磬ѹûǿһ㣬ֱ˹ȥ



560 ̫Ʋ׺
㡭
һ漴ɫŭ챦իĵλߣҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ߵﶼ˳羴ڵޱļѹȺۣ͵˼㣬й˱ӵľ
ſ졣Цƺ뵽ʲôŭѹȥ
һ߼˸ԵĹ䡣
17Ź䡣
~
ոսȥǾһȭǽϣŭ
ұ֣챦իô󷽣һ׿Խĵ޸ǣԭ˸õġŭ
˵ģǼǰӥӣͼӰ߲㿴¡
ǻЩ֣챦իΪ֧ӥҲһ׿Խĵ޸ʢУϾµѪ̫ˣһӥȫûһ׿Խȡ
ڿ챦իߵһǲ׹
Ҳÿȥ޽ģȻ֪ڵޱУֵҫ۵Ĵڣû뵽Ȼ챦իˡ
ӣ϶Ҫ࣬ҲֵѾ½ʮ㣬ͨҲֻʣһ֮ңǱ㼶ûаյĻһͿȥˡ
챦իȻ۹һҪ׿ԽĵޣѶҲǼģҰҲС
Ҳӿ϶ĳЩȱݣѪ޹飬ֻĴ۴ԽܣҺԼûϵһзĳ֡
챦իң˵ҪңҲġŭ
Աߵ󹩷ͻϣҲ¶֮ͬɫ
챦ի־ٶһ֣ҲҪȴɱĸоȷʵǶԴʢеļ衣
û´Ļ챦իҪĿģӦΪǸһЩԴĶ
⻰һǵһϷӦ
ûСѾ½ʮˣеģ϶̤ͨǱڿ϶ҪܵԴ̤һ˷ܵһȭЦǻӦǣõô׷Źǡ
챦իʹʢУ͵жԣڸӲ˵
ϣгޱԴĶһ¡ǶһԵĻ˵
ȻʦƷֻҪ̼ңڿ֮ʣҪԼ۹ܽ󻯡
ϷɡĬĬͷԴˣҲ岻ݴǡ
Ӧ˳ԵͷţҲġ
ͬʱҲǿ˷һۣû뵽۹⾹ȻϬޱȣһ۾Ϳ˶ԷͼȻҲµһЩɱȷҪһᡣ
ʱţһǿҲǽ
һСʱʽʼ
һŮӿмչ̨һˣڴ˵أһʦˡ
̶Ȳߣûеϵĸ߿ƼߵͨɵЧȴκθ߿ƼҪĹ׳ۡ
ֻһ޴Ĺ룬Ʒ˷ĹԼλãĿƷģ
ڿʼһƷŮ
һͺ󣬿ʼ˳ۡ
һپԪڼ۸̧һ߶ʱ΢΢һЦһ֡
Ԫ֮ͨңʮԪܹһƷᾧһپԪ㹻һƷᾧˡ
ǰóһپԪҪմȨǱܲȨԶôʽȴһ㶼ں
۸ڵһƷԣǲˣһᣬûоߣҲС
տʼƷȻж
11ŹŵӦˣǳ֣ʱЦˣϲô֪
һپԪȻֵӦ֡
һƷͳ˸߼ۣӦȻΪڳΪ˵صĸ˺󣬳ܸеʢжӲм
Уܿ죬ϰƷ˳˳ȥȻҲġ
ڼ䣬ǳʮΣѡ񾺼۵Ʒ廨ţûκεĹɣ·ʲô˳۾ʲô
ӦҲ̧ܣеɹˣҲеģʧˡ
ŨŨĻҩζȫ
˶ܿʢк챦իڻභѻ
ŮЦݣ˾ٺòôȥֹ
ýƻСӡӦɫѿûǰĲм
Ǵˣξ֮Ҳ˹Ѿڲȡʩܶ⾺۵ĺ
ҳۣѡ񾺼۵ƷҲûйɣԷμҪĿģڶԷıص֮Ͻʹѡ
Ϊ˷
㼶ĵްٷְͨ麣ġ
Ϊ
ǵĻʲô
ΪӥʧƣʹʢеĽףǰ㶼֪Ӳ֪ǵ˶Ծ֮Լ̫ǳڱصá
ʧܣǱǳӦɫ࣬Щ⡣
Ҫ֪μᣬԼĿģɢͯӵģ˲ҪǮȵص֮ʱǮˣºҲᱻϳͣǸѡ
ģһ̫֮Ʋ׺Ů𣬽ţĹУҲǻµƷ



561 
̫Ʋ׺֮
͵һλͦĿĶס˹롣
ֻһѪɫľ壬ԼаƴСѪӰ·һζõ
û뵽컪ϻ֮ġ
ΣԷ˵ǸϢһֱ֮ȴûκ·ǴʢУҲûš
ɱѪҺãû뵽˵죬ȥġĿһҲǴ˼𺳡
ǿȻܺ͵˵ȣҲǿ壬ʵǿǵ֮ͨѪУ˾ѧҲѧΨһİ취ɱ壬ǵѪҺȡ۳õĻ˵ܵõһ֮
ֺãҲ֪˭ģļӦòĴ¡󹩷һ
Ϊʲôô˵֮
һ㣬ҵ֪Ц˽͡
밡Щչ壬Ѫͬõ֮Ҳ޷ѧϰģǿҪɱǵѶȼ󣬿ȡ֮ģҲʮһˣ˵пķ񱨸ˣͶջĲ̫ļǲ˲֮µģӦίǵ
ԭ
Ҳǵ˵ͷȻҪõ֮һҪɱ壬ҲɱЩνӣѪ࣬ͬԴǵѪгȡ֮
ߵѪ߲õ֮ļʸͣȱ©ĳ֡
ǹڡ
ֻɱ壬۳̫Ʋ׺϶ģҲǷļ֮ߡ
ʱѾʼҲ˳ۡ
ȻɱãΪ޷Լ־ܵı˳۵˲࣬۸ҲǸ߲ȥΪԼշԸͶʽȻԶԶ޷͸ԼͶȡ
֣̫Ʋ׺Ȥȵһֱעŷɫ
֮ȷʵõõͷ
ǺãҾ淽ǺԥǾûзûڵĵλһǮС°ˣ岻ݴǡ
ⶫҪˣһǧԪ
۸һʱȫԾ
һǧԪˣ
ʢеˣһһˡ
ǵͷҲһ㣬û뵽ʵ˺ʧ
˶۷׷ףһǧԪļ۸ȷʵǸ˵㣬Ҫ֪ǰЩĵˣŸոճһپԪңû뵽ǲѣһ־ͷ˺ü
ǰװҳǮʱһӵܵģԾȻֽϡ
ҪҪ
ӦһЩɣ̫Ʋ׺ǵĿģǺܿ죬ʹ⡣
벻̫Ʋ׺ʲôãһǧԪСĿԼȥһһѣǲŽѪ
Ӧ컹ûг֣Ͼ̫Ʋ׺á
ͬʱӦҲ̾ϢһжҲЩףԼҪѻʢеļƻ˳Ҫˡ
Էᣬ֮ǰ̧ۣʢȴûгһ֣ǲģȥĻ˻˵ʢη챦իҾѻ̧ۣⲻܳܵģ˿϶־ѻֻäĿڵȴʱ
ѵ˵ǲµǵĿˣӦһĪĸо
ʶǵĲԺҲԼƷоۣͼԷжϣȻʢȴǺ޷Ӧ
ַӦӦ˲
Ӧ죬Ҫ֦ˣҪͻȻɫôÿ
ǴˣѹڶޣҲ˵㣬Ӧ뵽飬ȻҲ뵽
ǣӡӦ΢ݡ
ıԷϤԼ˵ĿģôΨһӦ֮ǲҪ֦ȫıص֮
챦իϢģҲûгģ̫Ʋ׺˳֡
С
챦իˡ־˼ΣȻûһΣӦ̧ۣǶʱף챦իˣĶϾǼȫԼҪĶ
ȥ챦իǹĵˣҲɲ١
֮⣬̫ǳ챦екεʱҲǱ˳˼ҵᡣ
Ҳ˿ãǱص֮һҾۺշֱǧԪǧԪĸ߼ۣ̫֮ǳ֡
ʦ챦Լ˺󣬷˶ǳһһۣЦ



562 ֮
~
ű졣

䣬ƿţڷǰ
վſڵģһĸӣϴǫ͵ЦݣԱߣһŮһ̣
һѪɫľ壬һɢŵʹԣԼ֮ϵĵǻԡ
֮⡢̫ǳ
ֱǴʢֵƷ
ĿڸӺŮɨܿϣ֮ɫܿȥ»ָƽ
ܹܡǸӣæվͬʱҲǵǵ˽ܣλеܹܣļڵĵλҲߣ㸸֮¡
һ˵ǵ׹Ҳ֪˵ĵλ
û뵽λܹܾȻͶˡ
ǺǣҲѪŻһˡܹܺƵЦʾŮ͹ǵ˼ת
λǷɣȻ鴫Ҽҳ˶޲ڡܹܹά̬ȷǳĿ˿ĵ
ĴˣҪ
νͶ⣬Ҳϣ⣬ְʾŵͶļĻεĺôҪϵκζһ仰
ǵ˵ɫЩÿ
˼ҵĵ̣Ҳ÷
΢΢ЦţӦλܹܣȻڷȴǰ㶼ûй©󿴿ʱˣλܹҲֻܸȥ
ˣ޳ܡһЩ졣
֣ģȥɡϵǺԥ˵
⻰󹩷ͻʶľֹ
ϾǽǺͷĺûʼӦʱͰѶһ˶أʢвҪѪ޹顣
죬ܿǾ뵽ˣղܹһĻ΢ݣʱͰ˼ѹ
ڰҪġ
̫֮ǳȻ󣬵վСͷΪ÷
ǵûô࣬ԷȻεģΪ˶ܡ
Ҳáûн顣
̫֮ǳҲͰˣȫҲûã̫Ʋ׺Ū֡
һʱƷռ䣬
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׷صĿܣΥԼѪӡʧͬʱͨڤڤеϵش˵ıԴ
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¶ڴ֮ɫĵĵرҲѾõģֻһ㼶ǱĵޣԷǲʵ񣬾еޱȵĿ⡣

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567 ʮ֡ɺ
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ƵʹӰԣҲǸĸɫʮֲ԰ףҲûģţԪ⣬ûܲԼһЩӵĵΣԪҲ˦ѡ
ȻҲΪԪܶ֡
ӰϾĵĵرǿҲ޵ģԶǰûжЧ
졣һСʱо״̬𽥻ָԭһԾ뿪˴˵ء

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ÿ˵һ仰ӥɫͰһ֣Ӧ˵꣬ɫȻǲ԰ֽ
ǴʢеˣԪʵȻʮġ
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ȻǡӦ΢΢һЦг񣺡Ԫһֱ汣ȥӦѾˣ˵Сӣʱӣôӵóǵġ
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һԲģĶֳͨīɫһںʯƵġ
һ֣ӥ˶ʱɫ΢䣬оɢΧռ䡣
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û˵ʮһĨʮ̸ֱĹâһָһָо·һЩţĶЩϣսʮ档
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׷Ӧȣ¶ŨŨɱһ̾һС۳ڿУܿͱһʮ׳Ĵۣͨɫա
麣ɵɺۣܺգٶԶǿߣȥɺ۴ݴͣ׷Ƿ̸ɵӦЦһΣ͵ɺϡ
λˣһסӥĸ첲գҲǷɺۣʣһɢźĺӡ
ǿߣ챦իġ
΢΢ͷûпɹеĵر½ȻܿԼУǺ̳ԱߵҲɼķɺϡ


568 ѩ
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ǿǰŷлĿܡ
ƺˣǾʵ飬ӥпЦݡ
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ͻȻ΢ݣоһĪΣȫ漴ȥʱһһ·ʲô
ٶȺÿ졣
֮ʱʮ⣬Ȼº䣬Խ˴룬÷ı壬һͨɫĴۣվһЩˡ
ӥӦ죬ǳ񡣡ȫ
߲ƣʶΣգǳվŵǺӣ
ת䣬ɺ۾ͷɵ˷ǰ
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ԣ˶һ㵣ž¶мЦ⣬Ϊơ
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ĵĵرѩԴʯ
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ԱѩԴʯΪģԲ׵һУ̱סıѩڸһС
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˲ҲɣӰʧ˰֮⡣
Ƭͣ٣ʩչ˲뿪˴˵ء
һ㵣ʵէȻӰǱ˲ĹҲǹ˴ʧˣһʱҲ٣ѸԶݡ
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569 Ѫսϣ
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ЩҩģЧԶʯ顣
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ҵһȫڣͬʱʣĿҲٻ˳ְ֮һΣ
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һԣȴ˳ȥշУӭɫ
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ӥˣǶ߷ݰ˳Ѫ˻һЩӥȴشǳβɺʱ̼һ͵ĵرûʲô󰭡
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ѪɽĽɫۼ飬ӴǱһ˳ȥϷš
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һӲϣǼƲͻߣܸġ
һʼɺۣǳĿġ
仯֮ɫѿû뵽Ȼ˱仯֮
˵ĺᣬǰ;߱仯֮ܣ͵ͨиڣ˷һʼˡ
𿴷յףΪ仯֮Ǵ·ˣʵϲˡ
Ϊû뵽Ӧ˲Żôױ
áƹ˺ӣ˻оǱɱӥŵĻɢתҪܡ
ᣬٶȷɵ˳ǰڶԷ־УһצƵķĵرһβͳ˳ԡ
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кڵ˼㣬˼뱨뱨ʢУô˿ֲ
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צӺݺȥʱӥĵķǣӦĺ󳾡



570 Ѫս£
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ȻôҲûõģѿ֮צشִһҲ͵ر

ӶߣݺݵնȥûзӦȻ֮ǰĹֵȻһΣȴǽȻͬ
ϰķ飬ţȭͷгΣߵȥƲϻ
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ҡҡ׹ɻص˲ĵطһ̽˱ĵڵϣһϢ
ϵķվޱȵ̾˿ҺûҪָҪܳһʱˣƴһǿߣǷǳֵõġ
ջռ䣬һ̸սǽսƷʱ̡



571 ջ뿪
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Уʹţ緽˵ģûҷǵɽ֮ʹĵرҪһʱ䣬Ȼʱ伫ݣ񲻸ҶģСǷǳġ
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κδ𣿡¶ζЦݡ
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ǰǱâס֣֮ƽ
ȷʵ֮֡
Ҳͬڱö֣֮Լõöȱû˿覴á
ţֵ֮ʹ÷ʽ
ӴʢеĻ˽һЩֵ֮ϢҲûлɣϾ뵽ҲһöҲǷǵҲڴҶ컪ѹƷǳĺ档
ϸ˵֮Ӧš
صǣ׾ĵرô鷳
һɫ֮Χš
֣֮ǵİ취е޵İ취ֲ֪֮ͬѰ
ȥܺһһ壬籾Դ
ָ֣ĲߺȣǷȻҲǽȻͬ
صá
Դǵֿ֮϶ҪڵģС磬Ȼһ𣬿վ˵Ժ棬ɲص㲻ͬ
ڵ֮֮͵һŰֽҪһǴĿӡ
Ҫľǣɽ֮
Ĵɽ֮Ե򣬴ŵӡǵ޵ֶˡ
Һֲ̫֮֮ӣܾ롣
ʼɡûе飬ܿɽ֮һĹַ֣֮֮·һ޵׶̰Ŵɽ֮
֪˶ãźĴɽ֮ӿ룬֮ĻɫУɽʼ˱仯ۼ⣬ϳˣʱЩģǵϵɽ
ţɫһĵڹ档
һĻʱ˿֪ԼѾɹĴˣӡ
һɣֻ֮˻Σա



577 
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۲ɼĻɫԣɢʣžʧ
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ѹһڣҪ˹صᣬֵ֮ļֵȻǷͬСɣ˵Ҫĵر
٣ĵرӹɵġ
Һѡ磬ͨ磬ЩĻЧҲôáҲͨʹ粻ͬ
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ң磬Ƕ綼һ֪жвжԵģĺôԼܻãͬܣ͵òʧˡ
ЩĻӦнİ취
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ûͷ֪лѩˣҲ˷ֵ֮Ĺ̡
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лѩ΢죬ûоܾŷ
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ǺǣİɣΪҵģ⣬磬Ҳ̫ܻΣգ磬ҲûϾȥЦЦ˵
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šлѩ˵ͷ˶Щʵҵ磬ͿΪʲôȥ磬Щͨ粻ôûȵİɡ
ͨİ˰ٶֻһ磬еڶʣȫͨ硣
ɻ
ô˵ͨҲͨĺôţѻתһʱҲ˵ˣһΪȡ
ȣлѩʵ
νķַҪǸݱ֮½ģϾǵ޵ԴȪһ޵ǰ;
µȵĵޣѡı֮½ǹ֮أͱĵ޶ӶԴҲǵǱǳĲޣֹ½Ȼµȵĵ棬Ҳквһˣǵı֮½ʹù
еȵĵޣҪµȵǿ࣬һ㶼źܴıѡı֮½ȫµĴɽҪ֪һǺε֮㣬ֱޱ޼ݣЩȦأޡ
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лѩ˵ͷ
һ㣬Ǻ⡣
Դٶ࣬ǿͬҲӷ࣬۸ӡ
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ߴﵽܵĳ̶ȣƿϣ磬ǵʵҪҵֱͨ׾١
˵͸԰
ֱ׼ϵȵĵޡ
µȵޣԴһΪ֮½ϵȵĵޣǽһ磬ΪԼı֮½˵ǸС
뿴ǿһ簡ȻԶȲϴ磬ǵ޵ı֮½ҲȫҪôĵ򰡣һͨζǹˣҵ޿ǴɽıԴ޹ء
ңֵ޵Ļ϶ǲѡ̫ͨ硣
ͨ޾ͨ磬߻٣Ǵһȣûô⣬ǱȾͨҪ߳һģ̫ҡ
˵ѡͨ粻̫⣬Σ
֮籾Դģֲǽһͨ磬ǡǡֵ֮󻯵ķЧ
˰ɣΪʲôڵһҪȥ硣Ц
лѩգգ۾
Ȼܸоӡ
һãӣ΢̵Ĵǣȴй¶˼
ЦЦ̲סȻ֪лѩϾ֪ⷽʶҲ͹һתҲܡ
ͨͨĺô
Ҳϣ߰ٶҵһģԺṩлѩˣΪ֮½ϵȵĵ֮
ܱѡҪõĶࡣ
Ѿˣ֮ŵԣõ½ʱ򣬾ͨ磬ºۼԺǿˣٸһĴۣܼǰ
ԶԷԭ
ЧÿȥһεĻҵͨ磬ҲûκãΪûȥˣЧûˡ
֮½ÿʱÿ̶ţڱҪͣһʱ䣬Ļ᲻ࡣ
һöС˹ͺˡ
˷ѻᡣ
С˹Ļҵļʾͻܶ࣬Ȼų߰ٶ棬ûһ硣
С˹𣿡лѩҲˣҧ촽˼š
ҪҪԿܲڵҵڶöлѩ
ûеڶöС˹ҲûףҲһˣҲʲô
ҲãѩͷϢȥ˵ҪһȡС˹ţȻҸС˹ͼƬ룬˵
ϵαĵĵر٣ǳõ֣ҲϲǲС˹
Ҳֻˡ
ЩӵС˹Ķ᲻ŷϰóͷδ֪
ҲܣһҼҵɱȥ
ţҰɣȫʵڼϺĻδذ첻ϾǲᣬЩõĶҲʵóһ롣лѩ
ڵʵǺܲġ
Ȼر˭϶ӱıȥǲͷԣҲǱˡ
ǵһˣ׼ĻȫҽڣɱǰԸûжԹ͸ˣҲҳӶ͵̡
ǣûô
Ҳá˵ͷԿҲδɣ˾һҲʲôʧ



578 
һ˵ϢԼٶȣȫ硣
еķҪﻻȡһˮʵ
Ϣһȥȫ硣
ﰡ
ĸõ󣬲ǲţƴҪס˭Ҵⶼݵĳɱ
ţҪ˽Ǵ˵ĳʶ
һʱ䣬ȫ綼Ⱥӿ
ָ˶С
ͬģΪ󶥼Ӧˣͨ޲Ҳһ˾ǿȺӣ˶ĤݣǿҺţӵˮʵ֣һס
ȻҲзԵģ˶Ϊڻȡ衣
ǿﰡ˭ó±ǿ𣿷ǵǿߣһðͷֵĻȴǵģԾǱ³ҪﻻǾΡ
ںһֹ۵ˣ̷ַ֧ûǿǰ
Կˡѩ̺ŷңȫǺͷд𣬲ݵ֣˱ҲǺ
ڱģ˭ȥǿ
ͷͻİˡǻĺúõģ
ȫĽߣֳ˺üɱֵ֧ģзԵģҲģ๥ڦ
ҲǷһ˵ԵʣҪ£̫𾪣򻻳Ǳˣ¸û˻ȥᡣ
ΣϢǴȥˡ
ڻ᲻֣ͷ޷Ԥϵˡ
ҲûмעȥϻûеڶöС˹δ֪ģڲȫû塣
ȻҲǺڴС˹Ļνܳɹ
ΪС˹صģν׳ɹ塣
ڶĵرȥҪĻôõİ취ǻ
ܶ˷ģһ׳ɹµľ档

С
𣿡ʵ
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ΣѼ˶еһΪ˴
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лѩͷ֮УǷ㴫ڷˣ⼸飬Ѿϰ˻Դڸˡ
߰ɡסлѩâһͻص˱
硣
硣
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΢΢һԼĵܵܣ֮вһģԱ߻վһŮѧ磬ʱľִٲ
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ڷ֮еĴߴ£СĵĿ˷һۣͨĽһ磬ӽд˶١
һĻʱ׹
ҵŮѣٻδ㿴һ¡֮ԴЩ˼
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ٻͨ졣
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΢΢п
֪䣬ԼĵܵҲ˰СŮˣп֮࣬ҲЩڣڷ֮˴ѧ󣬶Ĳ
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лѩٻ΢ɲĵ˵ͷ
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£á
ڷǺεȵλΪΨһˣ֮УȻµ͵ҲǸעĶ
ٻǷףǲĺͷ֮ǱűĿģЩҪŪ
̣˶ߵ˶˼ģ⻹Ψһĵܵˡ
޵һ˿ɱܿ侲Ȼڣ¾Ͳ̸ˣлѩٻȥι¥ϵķˡ
ֻʣ·ͷ֮С
֮УмҪ㡣Լĵܵܣ¶Ц⡣
ǰ;Ҫ÷֮ԼԺ·˺ܶ飬ģƽ׵ġ
ٻ£ѹûᡣ
򵥵Ľһ£ߺߡ
Ҿ㣬Ҫ·Ŀͣѡһ綼֧㣬ǰ;ˣҲġ
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ߵĴڣ֪һЩߵ磬ȴǳ𾪲ѡ


579 ڶöС˹
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͵˶ԣ磬Ǿ߱ǳġ
һ·ȻƽԤȻһӶ󰲿
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磬ѡߵĵ·Сٻأܸһ𣿡̧֮ͷڵ۾ŷʵ
üǸٻΣڿ϶޷𰸵ġ
ͷԴޣһ̫ˡ˵֮ȴˡ
ȷʵǣûһ̫ˡ
ҪԴģڣǴ»ҪķѼԴ
˵ӵзܳɹġ
ĻҲѡΪˡ
Ҫ֪ܵģһ벽ܵļ䣬յ˵Ϊһ˳£Ȼȴǳ˵ޣΪϡмеĹûдԴʲô˵ӳˡ
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ѡͨ˵ĵ·֮˵
ҰʵһֱǸͨˣС󣬾һֱǸĸҲٳΪ׸ˡ
Ÿ磬һʱ䣬߼꣬ʮ꣬Ҳа취СٻҲΪߣǣ̫˰
˭Ҳ޷Ԥδ꣬ʮһᰮСٻʱңڵҺϧڵĸ飬ѡͨ˵ĵ·
֮ޱ˵š
Ŀȴˡɴ׷䣬ֻǵʱȻʫ
ܵܵ飬⣬ǲԺڡ
еŮҲ޿ɺǣϣÿʱÿ̶һһ̶롣
ϸĻͨ˵Ҳиڣ˭۸أ֮Ц
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ӣ΢΢ͷͨ˵һҲûʲô
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һ˵õȮ죬ģԼߵˡ
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֮ǷΨһĵܵܣϣ֮ܰԼԸԼѡȥѡ
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ǿھסˡ˵һζοھԼԼ⡣
лѩʶһʼļɬȵԶתʱͳ֡
ʯлѩĺɣԴԴϵսȥлѩо˵
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ȻָʱûãɷҲš
лѩ㣬Ҫʱ̣ܶڼ䣬СڸıˣеһҴͲִ˾ڣҲеĲҵ֮һ
һʾ׵ĶˣҲĿʱڣκ⡣

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һϵĳǱڡ
һٿμӵȫǵؼߡ
ڹϣŵǼ£ôλ׵߳ǶǷҪˮʵɼ֮
ҪҪӦ˵˵ǵ
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ͬ·˵
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׵峤һԣ˭Ҳ̬ȡ
ߣǱˣô֪ǵˮʵģҪ֪󶥼ǲͬģ˵Ѿ֪ˮʵһ޼ָ׵̧̧ͷۿ˷Եļһۡ
ûǵǿߣ̫ˣҲжʧܽ÷ĺ£ǾȻƣվ֧֡
Цܱ֤ֻǸͷǿˣѵţɫ׵ЦһҪѩ̾ǵǰ֮
⻰Ҳͬ⣬˵Ǻܲģɼԩ޳𡭡
漰ûҲгˡ
۲ݣ˭Ҳ˵˭
̾ϢһҲľ档
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λǶˣɼĴãѩ󣬰ɼѸٿʼţ̫ˣҪǰһͳŷ޴½ʱ⣬ɼ壬׵壬ûԮĻôֿ϶жáһ
Ϊкܶѡ񣿡
˹ȥ˵ɼңȻǵؼڵʵıڣڼڵĵλ峤
Ļһ˵˶Ȼһ˹
ȷʵǰѩڣƺ⣬ʹŷ޴½ǳƽڱѩƽһƣɼҰ̾ͱ¶
ڵжŷ޴½ڶз
˵ҾˣϵС߻һ˾


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ڶöС˹ˡ
Ҳһû뵽ϾȻУڶöС˹
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ŷ޵һɼ塣лѩѾ˶Էĵϸɵ˵ǵϵǣ˵ˮʵţС˹ˮʵǵĽз
磬ǾܸϵС
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ҵɼϿȷⲻʲô塣лѩʮ˵š
ŷǱߵƣԴӱ˱ѩ̺󣬾һֱô̫ƽΪûƺɼľٶƵϵĻλ»Ӧͳһŷ޴½ٹͼ
ɼأڰɼĸɼҪŵĻôǿ϶ӲģųϢҪС˹ĻᣬֻҪɼ岻ɵӾͲŹû´Ļʱ󡣡
ǰ٩٩̸лѩԵޱȵţ΢΢п
ǰһУѧȻʱȴָ㽭ɽ´¾۵ס
ڽţԼߵˣҲڲϳɳ

ʱ֡
ˣɻִС
ճһγͣǰ
еϳӳ΢Ц˵
غֶһۣǰ߾ɼңλ峤
УһͿԣҪ̫ˣһҪӦƵİɼ壬һҲΪٶ࣬Ҳûκãλڣɲں˶໹٣ǰԵ̹̹
˲ҵ˳ӡ
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ҲĳаԴӷΪǿߺڹϵĵλͷθߣκһʴУϧǣ߲ǲҽ˵صġ
ˣͨ˸Ĵӿ룬Ҳʹ˾˵ı仯̶Զǰоͳֳϵ
˵أȻȻľǣη
΢΢һЦҲ⣬Ǽ̫ˣҲҿǼУҲԽС
ˣϰʮǡ棬ͣ
Ȼ˹ſغֽȥ
ѩ̺ŷҵļʮؼߣԼؼڵǿߣ䡣
ǰĴãȻڼ߸¥õ÷ǳͨǴʱȴǽס΢΢ţȫΪдǿߣõ
ֲ˻ᣬܿʧˣ˲ǼҲǾĵԼ飬ʮ㣬ǵ黹ǲĽ
޷ģ¿ıٳҲûãϾˣǵϵǿߡ
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һöŮ
غֲҵҴԼ̬˽ȥ
칫ֻˣ߾һӣԱ߻һŮӡ
ܣлغֹȻ֪˭
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Ǿֱ˵ɣǴ𣿡
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似һĻҲÿصһݡ
ûõֺ󣬷̾ȷˣС˹Լǰõöһޡ
ããɼ̬ȣҷǳ⣬Ȼ˵ˣ;ԲᷴڣǸǵһӣʱһתˮ˳˿ǰ
ǵԳĵĵرΪߣҲûȤ
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ʵڲҪҧ
һȻ᲻ã̶ûˣٺҲԱס
ⷬ˵꣬رҲǳһĺҪ֪ԷĻҲҪġ
Ŀһۡ
˵ȥĻͲ׸ģǵһνףشԸึһЩǻĵĻ˵ǧǣҪǲһС°ˣҴӦ㡣
лܣлܡ⻰һغֶʱϲ˵Ĵϲ
ѩԱߵлѩʾ£Цеģгĵ˵ͷ

ŷޡ
ɼĳǱ
ԭڣռˣǼɼĳԱǸŭԡ
ѩ峤ǵôˣһͷ׵ףԭɼ峤ʱ䵭Ŀڡ
ڵľѾˣɼֻѡ񣬵һǳǰɼ壬ٺ٣ΪһɼԺŷ޴½ĵλԱֻ߲ͣѡĻôڶ
˵󼸸ʱޱȱ䣬¶Ҳ·½ʮһ㡣
ɼˣﶼǿҵķŭƫƫ˵
Էǰɼˣеؼڵǿģ˵߱˾ǵؼڣ棬ʮؼߣؼڡ
Ҫ֪ɼҲһؼڰʵ׾ܺɨɼ塣
ǰɼٹĵһսȻҪƯƯǵķɺչԼǿƵһ棬˰ɼҲر
Ϣŭô飬ô˵Ҳøʱɡɼ峤һЦ
Լĵ̣Ҳҷ
峤ڵ뷨ֻһϣϵǱߴϢλڣ᲻ĳ棬Ҳǰ׶ûС


581 һ仰
顣
ɼ峤ĻŸ˵꣬ɼλͷΣ͵һƣǰĳϡ
ľƳɵĳʱɢ˼ܡ
ѩɡ͵վһĿĿɼ峤
ж·һźţɼʮؼȫվĿɼˣһԲϣʹֵļơ
һӣͱĽ
л˵л˵ɼ峤亹ˣһΪЩ˾ԲɼմӶгǲܡ
ߣҸ㣬Ȼǹˣ;Բѡ俴ɼˣЦЩ˻ΪǹҼһ㶼ûʶԣΪл͵أȻ˵ĻҲ⣬һ¡
ΪжģʮûĴ𸴣͵ɼ壬Ǿܾˡ
⻰һɼ˶ɫ䡣
һʮҪʱ䣿
˶̵ʱҪܸġ
˶ͷ󺹣ʱ䣬ǰɼᡣ
ʮţˡûɼ˵飬ԹԵЦſǡ
һ·һ󴸣ɼϡ
ˡɼ峤̾һҪ˵Ļ
ͻȻһɧ󣬾һƿţ˽
˵Ŀⶼȥ
ɼиոչϣȿ˺ǳ˹ȵףҲʶǰɼһؼڽߡ
ڵ֣ǾӦˣٹһˣɼ·
ղķ˹ôˣţɼ˵ľȴǴεʶ˲ǿˣȴֲ̰ѹȥԷڰɼĵλ͡
ֻеֵǣղķ˹ڼôܹ
ֵǣʱղķ˹ͷ󺹣Ҳڵľţģ̸о˲
ղķ˹ĿɼһۣǿҵĲʣܿջĿ⣬Ρ
˴յһ𣬵̸
ǵܵͣҲ˵ʲôֻԭ־ڱصõӣղķ˹Ļ̱ޱȵ࣬׷˼Ҳ֪ղķ˹˵ʲôɫһӲ԰ޱȡ
ðãɼ壬ˣȻߡֲʵĵɼһۣ˵һ˭Ҳû뵽
ͻȻתۣ˭ҲûԤϵ
ɼˣɫȴû˸ȥùͷ
δˣΪʲôŹǣ棬һʵ
˵һߣҲܳ£һЩ飬Ҳȳ⼸䣬Ȼʱʳڣһİ֮
ܳĽж֮ɫŤһĽǶȣˡ
ɫ࣬Ҳ˹ȥ

ô£
׷ʲô
ȷɼȫߺɼ˲γѡ
û֪ղķ˹˵ʲôȻˣֲʵı飬֪γߣԲǳǵı⡣
ɼ峤µʲôҲǲš
ǵɻûг̫á
峤ˣشǣдϢˡһѸٳ˽ļ
˵ļͬ
ǣش˵׺˳õһõеķܸɼ巢һźдһ仰ʵ㡣æ˵
ȻȻλ˳ˡɼ峤
ţ˶ùֻҪһ仰ɼͲòߣ̫˼ˡ
ֱǷϻλǺεȥɼĵ̣»ֶң˵ѾΪǿˣ˵Ҫʵ㣬ɼ廹βܡ
ɼڣ̳˻ֵĺ
һȥȫҲΪ֮𶯣ɼĳĬҲʵһʵ
ǿƣչ˳̾Ϊֹ
һ仰һʵǺε磬Ϊ֮
кɼ彻׵ϸڣ¶󣬸ȫ𾪡
ԭɷˣ𼣡
ˣ˼ν׵ĳɹɿһµľ档
ԽԽˣֹ
Ҳǿó׵İ

á
û̫עŷǱߵ¡
»ǸˣܻῴƣԼźȥ󣬰ɼ϶ʵ
עģǱĵط
ҵǸٻıѾнˡ칫лѩԷ˵


582 ʱ
֮кٻ󣬷лѩȥٻȥ
ôлѩĻʵ
İɣǸٻûκ⣬ҺףеǮǸǧ𣬻ϲܵܣӦǱ˰ɣʲôɸ˵ĿġЩŵӣлѩЦ˵˳
ԣʱ˿
֮ݸ飬Ϊٻߵĵ·ܾˣɲϣĸ棬ӽȥٵĶǶԷ֮˵ֱѺ˺ҲǷ޷̵ġ
Һãٻû⡣
Է֮е飬Ҳܷˡ
ʵܵܵıҲв˵ģһЩ۾ʲôģνҲǳɳġлѩ˵
˵ͷʵҲˡ
֮ϣҲĹӣһ㣬֮б˶ǺֻҪеķΧڣ;û˵һΣգת̾ͻз͵á
УҲרŵĽɳȥб
˵ǰٷְٵİȫκҪҲҪ
Ȼٻû⡭ɣ˰շһ£ٻļͥǱߣϣ֮ܺúõ飬ҪӰ˵¸ˣţҪ̫ԣ֮вϲҲ̫ġ룬Ը
лѩ˵ͷٻļͥȻҲƵСȴǲֵһᣬҪշһ£Ҳ׾١
оǹϵģǧǵЧǳĺãԺҪĻӦò̫󡣡лѩ
˵£Ҳʮ⡣
ɼ¶֮ǰϵҲһգһߵ
Էԣ⿴ġ

ȻĵĵرԷҲǼҪģߣҲͶ¯ĵرҲﻻԴŪһЩĽΪ֮ĶҲʲô£ʱҲˡ

ٺѧŮҡ
šŶ֪ˡ̫ˡǺ°ţţ裬ټ
ߵֻÿٻĿҲǶ˼ɻ
ڸղţӵ˼ĵ绰ġ
տʼ꺮ůҳĸ˵һ¡
ٻĸĸӪһҴ˾Ȼģ㲻̫󣬵Ҳǧ򼶱һʱ䣬ΪӪƣڹ˾սԷϵһδʧԼϵķƱ䶯Ƽ񻯣һƵƲıԵ
ǼƲĸܲݣԶٺʡУ԰ٻҲܵӰ죬ںͷ֮ԼʱҲĲɣǿװЦգԼҵķ¸֪
ƲˣԺô
ŮҲǳã
Ǿڸղţĸ˷ܵĴ绰˵˾Ѿȹѹأû˵̫һķͶ˹˾Ͷ˴ʽǶɹѹء
ΧҲǴ䣬ԭ˭ǶǼƵģ޲öԽԶԽãǺܿȵĴͬϢ޳Ա̬һٰʮȴת䣬Щ֣ǺĿûгûѹռг
ٻĸĸ۹εϬܿʶľת䣬϶ĳŻˣºϢҲˡ
Ǹ˭ȴǸ֪Ҳ޷Ӵġ
ԼӴģûһĴٻĸĸ뵽ԶٺʡŮδ绰ҲһЩѯʵ˼
˭أ֮У
ٻĽȦҲʶľ뵽ѡ
ͻȻʶԼѵ̫˵ʵϲϷ֮УҪҲΪԸƷУҲһνкȫĵͶ˽ȥֻжԷںġ
֮ѧУҲǷǳĵ͵ʲôΨһһΣȥ֮еĸ
Ҳ˹ϵȷԷ֮аȥȻûкͨԼ׹ʱ򣬶ʱ޴룬ɵɵ֮аڲԼʱıһɵģҲ֪ڶԷû»ӡ󣬵ȻȥҲǺݺԹ˷֮һͨ
뵽֮еĸǣԼŮӾ˵һ֪ǷǳڵٻЩ
ߣһôãһҪúýѵٻ½ţϸһơ
ٻͷ֮µľûᣬԸлѩһ󣬾Ͳˡ
Ϣ˼죬ٴ̤̽ĵ·
ع󣬶ݵϢ̡
æµУʱɿţһ£һµĹȥ


583 һ
С
ǧ׸߿ա
һյգ͵Ĺҫķ
·һʮ׵չ֫ϸܵĽɫۼףڹԵҫ£ظ߹ĸо
ϣֳ˿˿һˮڣЩˮĺɣɶţ·ƽĺ棬ΧźĻԶԶ˳ȥ˺һ㡣
˺֮У˿˿תţ׳
˶澰յ˵ζˣϾһʻĴС
ҹʱ֣գǼĴڣҹˣǧ׸߶ȣҲڲһС
Ȼƫƫ·ƻͨĿյҲǴڣȴûһ˷֣Ϸ澰ͺﲻڣߴһռƵġ
ܲˣܿպΧһǣǸ뿪ȥҲ˲
ȻǷˡ
Ƭֹ̺̫ͣƲ׺ſڣֻһۿɼĹ⻪γ״ϽͶС
һ⻪󣬷Ҳ¶˼飬·ǳĵر㣬ҫҲ£һ˽ȥ
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չ֫žСˮߴСһݣ·һ磬̾ͷɹ˴룬صá
һơ
ɽ˻Σ̾ڿвˣķȴ΢΢һ۾
һߵشǰС
һˡš
õС˹Ѿȥһʱ䡣
һʱ䣬Ҳûȣ涼˳ĽҲʯ֧£ƾ˲Сĳɳʵ֮һǰǿ࣬ţԼǿߣԲ˴֮ܽնɱ
ˣɣҲƿطĵر߱Ͼͬһ꣬ҲʹñĵرȻΪ޵ıܷӳĵر൱ޡ
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š˵ͷлѩ
һʱ䣬лѩĽҲСзṩʯȻǽ˺㣬ٶȼ侪ˣӺˣлѩҪ߳һ㣬ҲԵʣϾлѩ²ҪСĽ裬̫ࡣ
Ů֮Իô죬ΪҫմµĻãҲѾŮļޣҪʼˡ
ѩҪȥһˡ˵
ţҪСġлѩȻ֪˵ĳȥһˣȥ硣
һҲϵȥ̽硣
֮ȥʮһͨ磬ڵ߸磬ڶһǸȡ˲ʯ֧Ů󼫴
õЩʯǰͲڷԥţҪҪǰȥ֮ʱͷǸΪƵ硣
ԣȻԶԶȲ磬ɺͲ֮һεģҲһʯء
ǸĶǿߣҲǲͬ죬Ȼ޷ͻ죬ﵽ񾳣Ҳе۷壬Ҳʣһ֮ңʵȲɲ֪Ҫǿ١
˿壬ǿ߾󣬵õһĿƵʯ
ʮ磬ҲǸиľʡ
ȴûκһǺ͵һ硣
ͨİ˰棬û磬Ҳȷǰ̽ҲûʹС˹
һΣǱҪˡ
Ѱ˼ţͨռ䣬Ҳǳ˽ȥʼ½
ǰʼ½ֹͣļޣ˺ӱ֮½ȡĴɽԴȫṩʼ½ݻ¯ͨԨ֮ڣȫǳ
Ȼı仯ͳɳͻƵһ̣źĴɽԴӿ룬ʹ̥ǰı仯
ʮ죬ҾͻƲסͻƵ½Ų㡣
֮½ţһֱȶٶȽţδֹͣҲ𽥱ƽٽ㡣
ۿȥ֮ܿ½ϣȻһƬž׵ȴͻƵǿ̡
ʮ죬ͻᵽ
Ҳ˵ֻʣһλᣬȥ̽硣
žͻͣٵģͻƵ½Ų㣬֮£໹δ̽磬Ҳᾡʧ
һλᣬҲǾˣʹС˹Լڽڣǡ
Ӧܵ߰ٶ棬һ
²˳٣죬Ҿͳ˾


584 
С硣
һϿշٻ
лѩվɺϣ·߶ȿȥСķ羰һš
ʱС磬Ѿ˲СĹģһǰǻȻһ¡
Сһ޴ĳ𽥳ͣȻطд裬еĳȴǴֻҪƾͿˡ
֮֮䣬ǳǣҲǳģԼǳǣѡַС
ãͬʱҲȡרҵҲûлѩվУҲС罫ĺģ򣬾ڲԶһб䣬ܴܿﳷߡ
һʱ䣬˳ɹȻ൱ˡ
лѩϣҲ㣬С磬Լһͣ˳ɾ͸С
ٹһ꣬СԸˣʱ򣬾㱩¶磬ҲûʲôˡлѩЩ˷ܵ˵
΢΢ͷ
Сܴ󣬲һЩСҲɽˮԴҲǷḻֻҪȹʼѹأһԴҲΪеء
ҪС磬ҪĽǮҲһ֡
еĲҲǺܿ͸е׽⣬ҪǮ
ȥһҲǾٰˣĳƷᡣ
ⳡƷϣܹƳ˰Ʒôĵر⣬ҲһЩȫΪ֮
ճɽļ۸Ҳһ֡
ǮԷûж壬ҲлѩȫͶ˶СĽ赱УȻСӴ󹤳̣ЩͶǮҲ֧Ų˶á
вڵģҲٿͨᣬĵλ˵ίҲǴ˼ľ档
ټ£ҡҵȸȫ֧֣Ĺģ
ʵڽŵĻ԰룬һԵлѩ˵
ʱʵĻһġлѩüͷҲչ
ţǿģлѩҲ˵ôܡ
УҲֻм߲֪СĴڣҡҵȻȫ֧֣Ҳڷš֪飬˽С磬
ˣûʲôɵĵģѩҪˡ˿
һжźˣٴ̤̽ĵ·
ţȥءǵһξˣлѩҲûж룬ס󣬲뿪ǸůĻ
лѩȥ󣬷Ԧɺۣصա
Ŀ޵ʡ
Ըоֵ֮Ĵڡ
һʱ䣬֮Ѿ͵糹׺Ϊһ壬ѿ֮У׳ɳ籾ԴҲòСɡ
ˡ
˻֣ɺȡöС˹ԥѡʹá
С˹Ϊһعԣע˷ڡ
󣬷ռ䣬ײ֮ϣһ̣Ӱʧ
һҪƽ
·лѩ˫ֺʮĬĬףš

ˡ
Խ磬һ˲䣬һ̻ڵ򣬽ŷ͸оµ硣
ϢԼĸоǺ͵ͬͬܲ
̾Ĵܣէֲ֪ᱻ͵һʱ쿴ΧҪġ
ڷðյУΣյĳ
һθոմԽͷ֣ԼһɽڲҾҽף֪ԼӦĿ죬ԳһĻ¾ͻҽ棬ʬ޴档
ãһοûΣա
֣ԼһƽϣΧȥҲûʲôյء
ȷûΣպ󣬷ҲǷ֮ţҪմԽľϢ
δԽΪʹС˹Ҳ޴ӵ֪ѡһ
ͣʱǡţȵȡ
ϢͻȻɫ΢䣬жΪ뿪ռ䡣
ָоǣ
ͻ鴥Ŀȥǰ쿴ʱû̫ע⣬ʱŷ֣ΧĻǳĶӣؿѣһĿĵѺۣһ֪ǣɺ˲֪ꡣ
⡭ѵһȸɺ磿ҵĵطԡס
Ժͷһ̣˦˳ȥ𾪵̧ͷ
ܵ¶ȼţ磬Ҳǳ˹ֻоĿͻȻһӾͱ޾Ĺâ
ǡǣ
ڼңԶʣһ˵Ӵգ׹
ؼ䣬޾ԣ磬â
ǻͻͺպյ̫Ȼʱȴ˸оϺ·ǼڰĺգɢĹԡ
ЩԣȴʧȥĲַǷҲֱӡ
·綼ڷһıƺڰһǿޱȵ䡣
޾Ĺԣڴϣƺ˽ȥ綼ڷž˵ı仯
֪˶ãɢԵĺ׹ڴϣûʲô춯صı仯ĳ˴ء
ʧ綼ڰ
վԭأһȻȴ˾κˡ


585 ͬ
޾Ĳڷأþûɢȥ÷Լ
عʱе۾Щʪ⡣
̾Ϣһ
֪ԼǿҵҪܵӰ죬ǹɱ֮ÿһ䣬κһ鶼ڡ
ΣĿյ䣬ļ䷭ڣ˹
ûг̫á
Ըоı棬ŵڴͻǶδڴ
磬һ磬û´Ļգһ˵еĳ޷ƽ
ĿһĻĳʵ̫ˡ
һļ䣬ĳҲİǼ䣬Ͼһ㣬ĿõĸǽȻͬ
ʹС˹󣬷²⣬Լȷʵпܻᵽһ硣
У磬Ҳ֪ǰͳˣû뵽Ȼǡɿһ˵䡣
Ǵ˷ʼ
򣬾䣬Ѫȫ󣬲ſʼͬһͨ硣
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ȥ
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ǻ͸ɺԵĴأӦ̫Ӱ죬һ󣬷Ͽȷ绹Զʱڡ
˵ˣûж١
ɺѿĴأǺܺõӣĶӻ£Ҳûж
ϼǧ֮꣬־ͻ𽥷ḻʱĻ
ؼ䣬һЩûġ
ҲǷˣԼǳģֻǵĹԣոڸǹȥˣʱ޾Ĺҫÿһ䣬ҲڸһУ˵غ󣬲ŻһӺڰĸоʵϣеġ
ķ֣Ҳʵˣհ˳Ǵ˵ʵ
֮Ƿɳ˴½һޱߵľ޴Ϸ
أһۿȥͷײҲ᫲ƽŸָĵΡ
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գ׹ĺ
ŲϿҲյģĹ⣬гĸ¡
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УʱɢſֲµɹԽ¶ȾԽߡ
ϡ֮ܿأѾһƬ𺣣Űݺᡣ
һ
˵Ǵ˵ֵλãڣͻҷˣҺС˹£˵ıܿһ١

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ˣһͨ硣Щƣеһӷģһһ磬Ƕ߹ʮˣɻһ񡣡
ǰεȺҪͨ棬ҵһ磬Ҳ̫ˡһ췢欵ŮӾ˾죬ҲǱԹ
֪ˣˣαس
˲˵󲿷ֶԹԡ
Ƕʲôߣһļֵε֮ҵһʦţĹ͡һͳһɫеӣӶ߸ס
ΪѶȴһҵҲǷ󲻵
ô׾ҵЩֱӳ־ˣαؽЩˣ
ңҲ磬ÿεһ磬ҲвСĹֵǾ֪ɣƴƴһ꣬Ҳһ磬ߣܽӵ񡣡ɫӺȳ
ϴ˵ǡ
ǺǣҲǱԹһ£Ͼ;̫įˣö綼̫ˡ
⼸˷׷Ц
ǶˣȻҲǽ˷йһưˣϾ棬ûһǴܣ磬İ취ȻҲ
ߣʼɻɡ
˸к¾񣬽עŵ˷ϣܿͲ޴ڵı
Ҳǳٶۡ
ǽٵʱѾȥ˲ʱ䣬Ҳɢ˲٣ϸֱĻԲ
ͬ⡭Ǵ˵䡣ɫһ飬͵ش


586 
˵
ĸָ˵˶ʱһ
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˵Ǵ˵ﰡһ˵
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༸˶ƴͷ˵ﰡͲҪǣڼԶĵطһ磬ǻҷ𣬺ֲͬһ磬ʵ̫Σˡ
Һãˡ
ռأ˵䣬Ŵغʹø緢ϵı仯磬Ѱҵ磬һõ硣
⻰һ˶˫ĿŹ⡣
Ҳиµģд˵磬õһ֣硣
ҿеĵ伮Щ˵صĳļ΢΢в˼ȻҲŽѣȹȥܳѣΪϵĴڣӴң⣬ȲȥǾɣ磬˵ǶȲЩѵġ췢欵Ůӿ϶˵
ˣķˣҵ磬һõ֣ҪﶼѰЦ˷ܡ
Ҳ˷쳣
ϧĿϧǵޣô֣Ϊ֮½ҽĳɾƱǳģͨ麣ͻ춼ڻ£صɺ󣬵λҲмϧϧɫһ˵˺üϧϧ֮ɫԱ
ǵʵǷϵһиͷû޵ĿܣðΣգϵиûе޴Ҳ۲
ǼҲֻܸɵۣĽ쳣
ҪˣΣǶ˴󹦣һºϵɣǷɻڴʱ򡣡ɫӳ
ţϴ˵ǡ췢Ůͷܸоͬ˵˵Ÿûãûг磬϶һЩ֫ʲôĲϸϹȥɣһ£ջ٣ͿԼıˣչأһǹеġ
Ҳ̽Ǳ
Ҫ̽ĴǼģȻһЩɸ˵ģϵ֮ǰõջһ롣
˶۾˵֮֫డõһǰ㣬òġ
ɲܵȡ
֪һֻոĴ˵ЩܶƴĹʱﻹǵķݣһ㣬˻ɡ
ߣߣҶȲˡȲķա

޷ˡ
üͷھ׹֮أĵطͣ޷ǰ
ɺ۵ٶɷԼǰ滹Ӧſ֮أҫӰ˷ټв𣬷Ҳǲǰ
һСıУǾǵ³
ڴ½ʱ򣬿ԣΪճǳʧˡ
ôĹģип
Ĵ˵ֱӽԲĵطӴޱȵĻ𺣣Ҫܳһʱ䣬ŻƽϢ׵硣
ûĿãĳ
Һǵ磬ڲ̫ջ񣬿ԺʵǿˣЦݡ
Ǳ²ȵ١
ȻڻޱȵĻĵرǼ亱֪ʱȥһжĲͬ
Ϊ֮½лѩǽҲͨ죬õĻ֮Ҳǲܡ
綺ʱǣʮ졣ʱ¿Ԧɺۣͣһȫľ룬ʼǰյϢ
о죬ҾҪͻˣ֪ʱһǼأǱǿͻȥš
Ҳ²ⲻ
Ҳֻܵȵʱٿˣ㱻ǿͻȥҲûʲôҵĿѾﵽνػء
󣬾֪ˣҲ˷ˣȻĵر϶٣ҲֵѰһ
ˣ𡭡ǰӴ𺣣ͻȻһ뵽Լĵرػ衣
ػСڣΪ˷Ի˳˯
һȥȻͻָΪȽ׻ͣףҲûжӹע
Ͼڼĵĵرδضжôһĵر
ػɳǰĻ𺣣Ǵ˵ĻЩ棬֪ĳɳ
뵽ҲȻĶֻҪʹ˵йأ;Բ
ţˣ
ҪжػռȡͻȻɫһ䣬оһԼɨתͷȥ


587 ˱
ǳĻԶʱڣ̫ˣ¿ʡ¶ˡ
֮УһҾ޴¥ٷţǼ˷ߣվ¥ϣ·Ĵɽ
˵ģӣʱһɡ
ǺôҲ߹ʮˣһ紦ʲôʱڣǺ׾Ϳġ
ǰԶʱڵ磬ǻᱧԹ̫൥ˣ磬ǰͲԽԽá췢ŮЦ
༸ˣǷ׷׵ͷһɡ
һ磬ôҪ񣬾ϵǰڵǱввָĲǵصϾ棬ǿҲ˰ˣЩǿǰȻֵһᡣ
νвָǺͬĿĵˣһļֵ̫ˣ˭˶Ҫռзĵ
ʱ򣬾Ҫս
һ̳ܵ磬ԷеĻǱôҲҪ޿κΣ߷Ѿֽţһ޴ˣ޷ԷҲû֤ȫƿء
ǵĹͣҲᱻȵ
ҺãԶʱڣ˾Ҳûôס
Ӧûôɣͬһϱ˵ļ̫ˣûôùɫЦ
һ²һ£ȻԶʱǲսվûá
̸Ц䣬Ҳǿ֮ء
ӴޱȵĻ𺣣Լŵ𣬼˶ɫ
һûп˵ĳҶڴ˵˽⣬Ҳ֮Уûܹʱ֮أŷǰ뷨жôЦ
˵Ǻεǿ󣬼ҲǲģⷽԲĻ𺣣ǽȥûᣬʲô˵֫ˡ
룬ŷжô쿪
Ѳ磬û˰ɡɫӳתͷӡ
ߵ˵ͷָüĵһ£̾һֻɫͫüģɨ
ҿܲ͹ԡۿűǰȴǰ㶼ջ񲻵ãһվвʣȰ裬ִһ裬Ŵ󽭴ӡ
һ̷֣Ŵͬʱתţͷųǿ·Ļ˽ȥ
ϸո¶ϲɫȻϾͱ˾֣طĲҽУһɻ˲佫ճ˻ҽһ¥ķص˻𺣡
裬Ҳͬʱճɻҡ
һĻɫӵ˶ǻ䡣
һǿ߰Ȼôˡ
ףȻˡ
˾֮ʱӷһ˵ע⡣
ͬʱҲ˹ÿǿ߱ĳ
ǲ֪΢΢ЦȻ֪Ǵ˵ո䣬ʶûгɢԵʣѡģǡǡǺֻ˵־Ļ档
˵Ĳ״Ҳʱ˷ͼ
ҪõػȥЩ棬ҲҪȴʱԼѡȷĿǡ
ǵ˭
ţͿʣµˣжʱݡ
ȻżԶǵʵܳڴ˵أ¥Ҳ룬֪ǿС
ԶʱڣЩ˲ֻߡ
̫⡣
ֲǶһ޶֮ӣ֮ţͨ磬ߣҲбİ취Ȼۿ϶ǷǳĴ
Ψһܿ϶ǣЩ˲Ǵܣôͨ취ġ
鷳ˡ
üͷ

ȻˣҿӣӦõıǻ硣Ӿ
ô죬𣿡췢ŮЩţһˣʤӦúܴ󡣡
ûȥģˡ
ȲҪɫӳȵİ˰֣ӣôܿʵ𣿡
ԡЩȷ˵漴üĵͫâʤ֣ʵ춼ûﵽѵǾ̫Զˣ˴󣿡
⣬еҲܴԽ磬Ȼ춼û˵½֮ͨŹġɫӵ
½ޣҲʵһֶֻһЦ
ҲǸɡ
˳ģɺۣóٶȣ¥ȻۺϱɺǿĶ࣬ٶȴǲ磬һһܵĻվǸ鷳ɫӳ
ǿȥͬʱԽľ裬ȿһҲӲʱôС
Σ¹ش󣬾Բй©ȥ˶٣ɫӿɱˣ



588 նһ
жɣһаϹɫӳ˶˵ͷ
һɣȻԼδƵǰ˵Ľ̵ȴİ
ˡ
ͬʱľҲҾ޴¥ʻ
Է¥ٶȣԲɺۣҲʱûֻǼԦɺۣ˺һЩͬʱ˷ʲô⣬Ҳߡ
λֵܣҲ𣿡һʵ˹˵ӡ
Եֵ֪ϣ
ӿʼ˽
Ĵ磬Ҳͽֻһ磬ͨУԲͬˣɲ̫ߣͬطˣʶľͻеĸоټУŹϵ˷ɾ衣
Ǿ벻ˡ
ǣɻ
ŵĵӣСֵܱ£ŵӵõŻ𣿡Ц
˵꣬Ϊ˵óһöƻ˻Ρ
ţȥºɵ֣Ӧúܴ󣬿ϧʱ仹̣û˵ŵͷ
ƣҲǻ˻ξߵܺãľϣҲԷֱα
еľ裬Ҳûзɹȴûб¶
ű˴˼ľ룬ʱ׼ɺۣ뿪
תۼ䣬˫ףҲǱƽ˷ߣԷǰĻҪǳˡ
ʱ򣬶Ҳжϳ˴˵ʵˡ
ȷʵͨɫӵ˶ʱ˿
ȴǻһ
񾳣Ȼȫ񾳡д֮ðҲ֪ǵʵĿġ
߰
ǸģǾ񾳡
ʵǷֿܵģһʵвСɱһ񾳣ˣȫһġ
ܿǵʵǸܣûôԺ˼ӿ̸о˼ȵĲ룬ʱҪɺۣ˵ء
֡
ʱ򣬾޴¥ϣҲ¶ıóѵЦݣźɫӱһ췢Ůָſ̾ʮɫ⻪ķɳΪʮ˾޴ģ䣬ڷ׹γһŹֵơ
һγɣĺڣ̾Ͳɺ۷·֮Уܵ˲þٲάٶȶʱ󽵡
оһ̣ͿɺҪߣЩ£ɺ۵ٶȣȻֻʣԭһ롣
Ҳܿ췢ƺֻɺЧȴκӰ졣
ǣûκ壬Լķٶȣܸɺȡ
~
һߣ¥ٶȶȻȻ˲ٵѸٱƽ
СҵһӰ¥Ϸ˳Ծ˵ٶƿնѸٷɵ˷Ϸ
һʮľ׳ӣ˺ۣվںɫӵ˺棬ȥޱȵĵ͵ɴʱȴ׹¶жһ˸ߵĴ󽣣ݺն

ǰδеѹȻѹ¡
ٵ͵Ҳһǿ߰
ͷȴޱȵ侲Ҳ˲Ӧ֮ߣڲɺٶȴ֮ʱɺۣų
һ쳹յ͵һצݺݵץȥͬʱָ˳ĺߣ˺ա
ɫ䣬һ̣оǰδев·ĵ˲仯һ⻹µģµһצŵϢ
áҪУʱȴ̫ˡ
һҽУߺϰĻ˴󽣣ֳΣͣҲͣϻѪɽֱִ֣ӱնϡ
бˣ˵Ŀ־壬ڲţͷǿܿһЩԼѾһʬ塣
Ҹ˭ҲûԤϵı仯
Զӵˣ϶֮ɫɺۣǿ֣߳һͨĵޣʲôвȼĵޣյĵرԶ
Ϊ벻ΪȲʤȯӦϣȻҪϼģȷӦҪֹʱȴѾˡ
ûгʤ׷ץסǰȥ
ĺҲûЧ˿ܿͷɳ˴ķΧ
ٶȺε֮죬ȻȲɺۺ¥ҪƷΧ˲Ϣ֮䡣
뿪󣬷̻ص˱ڣͬʱȡɺۣٶ˲󣬻Ϊһ⣬ʧʡ


589 ½Ų
~
һɫ⻪׹Ǻ췢ŮӦԣɱϾǳһûнɺڣֻĿȥ
ɶ׷ˡ췢ŮҧҧǿҵĲʡ
ܴɵζܡ
һ½޶ò¡췢ŮӺݺݵ˻ص¥һۣɫ԰ףѵѾָѪֻҪ뵽ǲɵһ̣޾Ŀֻš
Ժ췢Ůӵѵ⣬Ҳûеӷ
УԺɫӡӺͺ췢Ůӵĵλߡ
ɫӵ˶ɫ
䣬˵ô£ɫӳǸԶкţսյĲ̫ȷ
ҲУ͡
һ߶½ޣȴܣһֻ֣ô붼ò˼顣
һ
ѵʲôֲĵر
ʲôĵرǸ˵ʵֵһᣬɡҾҪ֮ǰǰȴͻȻһÿֲһצҪҵв
ԣҲûҶǿĸоؼһצʵֲ̫ˡ
ɫӵ˶üͷǵȻҲǵʯ䣬ֱܷ̫ࡣ
ĪǱūˣܵõ´˵򵥣ڵҲˣǵɫеɱŨ
ʶĲûɱ˿ˣǿ
䣬ϸһ£㲻ĻܲܶԸɫ֣صҡҡͷ̫ǿģҪӡ
ڷˣȴѹû
ԣҲǳվҲ񾳵ǿߣǵһߵĿ־лعòŻ˵ͷ
Ӧû⣬ǿֻҪעצϵĿֲ߾Ϳˣ򲻹ȫԸĻǣơ
Ǿͺáɫ˿
ǿߵİʵҲܺ⣬ǵ˱̬ɱǿߵĻͲӣֱɵǼҲˡ
ɶԷѡܣ˵Լ߸ǿ
ˣСҲǽһ㣬ѹĻռ䣬ҳɱɣѩ㸺ͫ㸺ϡɫ
ǡӡ췢ŮӵæӦǡ

~
ɺϣޱء
Ȼ˲СĳȫնɱУȴҲе˳޵ĸɣ˵ˣȻһǰɵʱشȴҲҪָС
Ͼǿߡ
Ͼ̾˿
Щ˵ͼѾˣҪɱռܣǵʵ񾳣ԶԼҲ޿κΡ
ԿԶԶǶ֡
ѵӣ
ķΧܴ󣬱ȵ綼ҪĶ࣬ظ죬Ӧûκ⣬ɷġ
ôȥĻԼûκιϵˡ
⼸˱󣬿϶д˵ƱػᱻǸռ졣
Ҫõ⴦磬ɱǡ
ЩɱԼҲ
â
֪Լ޵ƣЩͬƣϵֻҪԼնɱǣסܵļʷǳ
ͨô࣬ЩܵҲײˣڶĿԲ㡣
ôױҵĻͱռˣҲֲһзġ
ǣ뵽Էʵһ
񾳰ǶԼĵϸһ˽⣬Լʤȫǲڵġ
ܴӵѾǽˡ
ǣҽͨ
ĿȻ
ͨǵɱ֮ʼҲʵȵ
ǸʱԼʤĿܡ
ǣ˵ͨˣ½Ų㣬᲻ᱻǿͻأһδ֪
ǿͻأһиû壬Ժʱ򣬿ͱռˣóȻֻ·һ
ֻܵȴˡҡҡͷ
ʱҲûʲôð취ɺ۵ٶƣܿЩǿߡ
á
ܿ췢˲
¥ٶȻȲɺۣȴҲ˷Ҳ޷˦ǡ
ЩҲǲģ͸ں棬ÿһͲһ󣬲ҿʼͨ
֪Щ̫̬һǿߣҲԶԶûֱʣṩӵĿġ
ֻҪЩ󣬿϶ͻᱻ׼ȷλͬʱš
ƣӶûطӡ
磬ȫ´󣬿¾Ƿڡ
Ȼ֮أǲдģͬҲҿ
ϸĲ쿴˼죬˿
ܴԶԷٶȣҪȫ綼´ҲҪʮ죬͸˷ʱ䡣
ſռ䲻ϱռܻĵ̣ҲԽԽС
Һ÷ͷ˲ƵԼλãҲӾ˶ԷĹһڻĻǺܿγɰΧҲŲͻˡ
һۣʱȥˡ
ɺϣȴš
Ȼ֮½ռʼ½ûģռ䣬ȴһ̵ĵ
ͻȻ
ռĳȻ˺ͬʱǿޱȵΪӿ˴˵أռ䶼ޱ޼ʵЩɽԴûŰãڿʼ½̱Ѹա
ͷ΢һ̣̤½Ų㡣


590 ͻ
֣СӺ񲻶ˡ
¥ϣüͷЩ⡣
Ȼʲô⼸׷ӴܵʱСҲһЩۼͺж϶ԷĶ
һֱڶ
ҲǶԸΧֶεķȻ˫ľ޴ʵӵΪֻǴʵӻԼʱ䡣
˿ɣԼ˻Ӯʶӵɱ񾳵Ҳˡ
ǣȴǴ˿УĸоһЩͬ
һ˲ͶǺܴġ
ѵ֪Է𣿡췢ŮЦ
ܣӣռҲڱѹǱƵ޴ӣֻʱˡЦЦ
¶֮ɫʶյұۣϾԹ
Ҫ⡣ɫӺȵˣСǵޣҲ֪ʲôʱģ֮ͨţڱͣʱ޵ģǲӣ뿪ʱ쵽ˣΣ
ֻ˵Ѿ뿪ˣ
⻰һ˶ɫ䡣
÷ˣ⼸ж͹һˣҺ
ɶûɺۣͱ׷ˡ췢ŮӺɺĶҲϡ֮ټѾ¥ûѰɺ۵ı׶̫󣬽ٶʤԶ¥㹥һ壬ӦԸӵľ档
ȡᣬȻһĿȻǴʱȴǳǡ
ţ뿪ĿԺСɫӳŹ󣺡ˣ֮ǰд˵ڵģǶĵط˶˿ֲỹŵʱˡ
⻰˶ǻһ뵽Ǹ˲ͬ飬жǿҿ־塣
磬ͱֻ˵ɱˣʮа˾ţǺǲʱ䵽ģӦñһʱ䣬Ҳڴ˵֮󣬺ߣڲžѣҲΪͣʱ䵽ˣȻȻô϶ǽӽʱˡ
ΪˣҲ޿֡ɫĿˣҲ²⣬һ϶뿪磬ܽΪȻˣҪģٶҳǵʱ䲻ࡣ
һ졣һָһڣҳȻɱ
ȫȻ
ǵѰٶ͵ؼӿ˲١
ʵϣֱܷĻǵѰٶȻɲ㱻նɱȴǰ֮ʹǲ׷ֿѡ˲ѹռİ취

½Ų㡣
̤һȽ׺󣬷ܿӭ˵ھŴδ塣
վȻ½ŲˣʣʵҲ˲С
ûһں
ʵҲԶԶԣǿ߿⡣
ĵģҲЩ
ţûȥĿһɨԼ磬ʱЩϲͳռ䣬ֱ֮š
ײȥ
Ȼ֮ŷ˱仯½˲ʱͨ߰ٶȫʧʣ¹һ
һҲǷ磬ǽ½Ų֮ͨ硣
Щ졣
ԸоԼ֮ͨŻعϵûжϡ
Ȼǰͨǰ˰綼ʧˣڵ磬ȻӦá
ȷ綺ʱһͻָԭ
ԭˡ˵ͷ֮ŵ˽⣬һ㡣
ȷʵҲûеͻƣҪص֮½ڵزܽС
˿ͬʱҲ˷
ȻûȥԼûк֮ˣȫһԶģͨ
˷磬Ը
Ȼ֮ǰҪ֮ͨ硣
ֻһ˿½˲һӳٸ磬ҪټѡҪҪǿͻˡ
Ͼһͻƣͨûˡ
ɣʼϢ
ͣʱ䣬Ȼֻʮ룿ܿ죬ɴ۾϶š
µ磬ܶʱ䣬Ȼֻʮ롣
˶̵ʱ䣬ģֻл麣߲硣
ѵ˵Ǿ֮أ۾漴ҡҡͷûд֮ţõⷽϢ
Ǿ֮صĻ϶֪ΣûеõκϢͺЩͨ硢һ쳣
ѵ˵µĸ߲磿һ
Ψδ֪ĸ߲磬Ż
麣졢֮أ֪߲磬ûбĸ߲磬Ǵ֮Уδ֤ʵ
٣ڷӴ棬ˡ
ˣȥ֪ûжȥ
αӹţȥ˾֪ʮʱѣҪͨҲλᣬ˺ԥѡ˶á
ײ֮ţһ̣ʹʧǸδ֪֮С
ʮ
ЩãȻĻصԭء
һΣ˵ǺջȻʱ䳤ˣ麣ͻĽһ룬ʮʱ䣬úõĿǸ硣
ǣȫǻ磬ʲôҲ޷ʲô
ҲǺġ
ʵϣǰθ߲֮УܴһѾƷˣܴδˣϾԽصҲİ
Ȼûκջ񣬲⡣
֮ͨǸ磬ջԺԼʵǿˣȫٴǰһʱ֮ʧ
һµĸ߲簡
һڳ˷֮ɫ
Ȼ޷ٷְٵĿ϶ͨ磬Ǹ߲ĿԼ󣬶һǶ߲֮ġ
麣;֮أܶ˶ǰһµĸ߲磬Ͳһˡ
֪ջ֮ԶԶǰǼΡ
ԭڿ½Ų㣬ͨһ磬ﻹЩʧϾǰǰ˰ţǽȴһľϲ
֮ţҲǹԲˡ
½һʹ֮ˡ
½ʮ㣬ͨµ磬ǻὫȥЩۼ֮ϣԱǰ
ˣ½ŲһΣһˡ
ңûʧ
ҵʱ䲻ˡһΣһ龧Ө͸ᾧģƷᾧ
ͻƲЩˣܿͻȻ
ͻڼ䣬ҶҲ޿κεġ
һЩҵٶȻ죬Ŀռ䣬ҲСʱǳĽȡ
ʱ򣬷ҲǱѡΨȫԸͻơ
һʱϵľ
ǰҵǷǱɣΪûӱܵĿռ䣬һͻƵͨҲ˷֮
ͻơ
ͬһžƷᾧ



591 췭ظı仯
ģСӾͶⷽԲʮڡ
¥ϣӳЩ꣬˶ô¡
ۿһʱͿȥˣСѰΧɻûҵн
ĵģǷ֮ͨţ뿪
ҪӿٶˡɫӳͬĽȻҲ
⼸ʮǱ·ÿΪһ飬ȫѰһСӣʾԥ£¶˾ġ
Ϊ˼ɷɱˣһֱûѡֱѰЧʲߣɵڣ͹˲ôˡ
ǿһ·Σηһ½ĵޡ
ڵѰΧҲ̫󣬼һ·ΣգʱʾĻ·ҲٶǰԮԶʱڵ磬ΣյĻ϶ͷйء
ʵϣЩ˽ɵĻ¶ᱻЦ
Ըһ½ޣҪڳһٴеļơ
Ǻɫӵˣȴô룬㱻˲նɱУɸ˾ӡ
ֻһ
ڵĽͷĽھ޴£ԷɱһˣǲĶ
²˳٣ϳ̷˳ȥһˡ
Ҳȥˡ췢ŮҲһ뿪
ʣºɫӺУ¥ϣƬ̺Ҳѡһ򣬼Ԧ¥ٷȥ
ǵҪǾвӦ˷еٶȲ죬ҪʱעϢ
ʱš
ںɫӶȵЩͷ˻ɣǲѾ뿪֮ʱ
һĵϢͻȻ˻
ҵСˡ

һ飬飬顭
ԴԴϵᾧ
һˣյڶ顣
Ŵɣı֮½ҲǷ췭ظı仯
Ȼ磬о֮½Ҳʱı֮½϶Է˼ٶţ֮½ϣҲѸٵĴ޵УİâתɵǻһֱӴĺɫ
ױȵţȴűһ̡
㹻ᾧĵȽͻƣûһΣô
ʮ˿Ʒᾧʧڷеʱ
ռ䡣
ӿȵ˼ԶԶǰκһΣԶǰľŴεܺͣͻȻӿռ䡣
ռ䣬û
𺧣֪һӶǰδеӴɽԴôĶԾС
˿̣̤½ʮ㡣
пܿ˳ȥӭӵʮδ壬ͬʱҲһΡ
һƽϢ˲ϴӣ쿴
ǿǰδеǿ¶ģ㲻κˡ
ǣ⻹已̥һ㡣
壬Ҳûɱʶ
ڵͣ½ҪҪһͨ󣬲Żɱ䡣
ռ䣬롣
ʱռ䣬ǵصǵûаƣԽԽࡣ
Ǳ֮½ԴԴϵṩõ޵ʼ½׳͡
չһȫ֮½ˡ
ʼ½ѾﵽޣٳɳЩȫӿЩ֮Уǲϳɳ͡
¯ͨû̫ı仯յҲ١
ͳˣԺĳɳҲЩܰ쵽ģ¯ĳɳͻŲĵرĵȽ׶ɳ
֮š
ԴԴϵ룬֮ϳһ㡣
ģӴĹ㣬Ϊ貶ĿҲ
麣ͻ졣
ע⵽ҫ۹֮䣬һĹ㣬ǰߣӵʣ·λһ㡣
û´ĻλðĹ㣬ľǣȥǸµĸ߲ˡ
߲֮£һĹ㣬ǰߣǾͬǺ̫޹⣬ҫһЩҲϵǸ㣬ɾˣģһǷȥͨ磬ڵڡ
֮ţԶԶ۵ġ
˴󣬾ͣ
ȻԨ֮ԼǴ󺣵ڣȴǷһһˡ
ǺߣĿɿڴӿռһ붼Ǳյġ
½ʮ㣬Ҳһڣ׳͵ʱ̡
ǰļͻƣ½Ų㣬г͵ļ
ڣ·һ޵׶֪˶ãڣĵײӿһˮЩˮɫֳɫ
Щɫˮţ˴Լ֮һȺͣγһĺ󣬻ɫĺˮţҲţȫˡ
Ժͽ㣬֮ˡ֮󣬷֣Ȼ޷ѰҵһڵҲûܶӦϵģǸɴԼȡ˸֣֡
֮Ԩ֮Ⱥͣһ½Ųʱڡ
һͣյʹȵ½ǴʱռڵȻ޾·ԶûоͷƵġ
ĺôˡ
ı֮½Ǳ֮󣬳
󲿷ֵĵޣʼ½׳ͣͷǳˣ֮½ĵޣʼ½޷ͣͺľȡ֮֮ߵӡ
ڷΪ仯ֹ֮ͣʱ
ʼ½Ͽգȷе˵ͨϷ
·ǳһڶ鲼ռҲҵйڣӿ˽ȥ
ڲ֪ˣ֮һ·λðǿ磬ֳ
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麣
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̾׹ͨϷҲʼ½Ͽյǿ磬Ǹ߲磬麣
Ŀ⣬Ŀ˹ȥ
⻹Ƿͷһο麣߲硣
ȷе˵ʼ½Ͽյ磬麣麣һǡ
ˣȻ÷𺳲ѡ
ޱߵ磬½麣һǣҪԶԼʼ½ĴĶࡣ
ޱȵ·һ־ܴ
麣³һڳ
½ʮ㣬ͨ麣̤ͨ
ڵķṳ̂ͨҪͨ麣󣬲Ż̥ǵɱ䣬̤һ
ˣΪʲôЩˣ˵Լܰٷְ̤ͨĺ塣
麣̤ͨǰᣬ麣޷ֳûͻƵĿܣһӹɵġ
麣Ӧ̸߲ͨء
ͨĵޣʼ½޷ͣǿһģʼ½ͣҪ麣ֳȴǾ޿ܡ
ֳ麣ѾǱǷĵˣĳˣӦûﲻһ
ǣţ麣ֵĳ̶ȣԼ·ֿɼҲǾԲࡣ
麣һ֣Ҳ֪ˣһߣô̤Ҫһ


592 ƺ֮ϣ˰֮
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ͫСӺͻƣһЩɻ˵
ǵĵŲʣûκηӦͻ⣬벻Ŀܡ
ߣʱšЦǻСĽȫǶһٰ
ҸɵӲмһˣһʱһķݺնȥ
նеĻǱɡ
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Ϊ̻ᱻնɱ֮ʱЮžƵĳȻǺݺն䣬ӷ崩
ȻȴûУһΪĳ֣ģһӰ
Ӻһ͵صɴ۾
ˡ

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ͨ
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½ʮ㣬½֮󣬲÷롣
ңҲһΡ
ԸоΧĿռţ·һ̾ͻ鿪
ռ䣬Ͼǲ簡̾Ϣ
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ĵرĴڷʽ⣬û߽꣬ûκ⡣
ǿͲһˡ
Զʱûпǹ뷽ռ䣬ΪԼһȥǸ̾ͻֱڡ
ǰķͽȥҲֻ½Բ֮󣬲ܽһΣ̤ǹؼһһ̤ȥǽʧȥһλᣬռĴҲ޷ԵڶΡ
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ҡҡͷܿ磬ɳزԼã뾡һ
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593 
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ĬĬĸı䣬̥ǣûǰ½ǰʹȻȴܸܵÿʱỵ̈Լڷš
麣֮⣬·ıԴ֮Ŀȥƺȴ谭ߣ޷嵽
ͨʼ½һ߷壬ӹɡ
߶Ƚƺǵأס·һУͨҲƿƺ¶һСء
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𺱼֮Ĵ¯޽еԨ֮ԼĪĻ֮һڣûô⣬Ҳûô
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ᵮһڣ漰棬ⲻͱ֮½йأҲйأء
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ƺȻ̫⣬ҲǴ׷󺱼ˣʵòõģƺԶǿۣ֮ûô׿˰ɡ
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תڷɱ䣬ȴû˿ֹͣ
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ԼֱۣһȻȻı仯Ϊ֮
ӵ壬һһǲŸոɱ壬ûȥھܣȻûˮ³λ½ʦôš
Ҳʱˡ
䡣
ͻǰӳһȭ̼ǿҵ
塣̾ѣʹͬʽԶ֮ϡ
ӿǿòλ޷ŵȻݺᣬܼȻø߲ɼĸ߲
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һȭӳʹõɱǿɽȭ
һȭǰ͵һһΡɽƿնǰݺѹ˹ȥ
һĻʱһ
ֻ볢һԼɱУ˺̶ֳȣ֪Ȼ˾ơ
ƿնΡɽ壬ǻþʵڵģһȭкĴ֮һΡɽ壬ѹķ
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ͻͨʵ췭ظǿҲġ
ʱȥЩһϲˡЦֹЪĿ
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594 ʷ
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ԣɫࡣ
ĽҲϣġ
ܣôôɣʲôʱߣƫƫǵ˲Żع飬ҲšӲĵüĵĽɫͫɨ˷ͼҳ
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ѲĽȻǣһ
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˵ĳ˹ȵס
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ৣৣৣৣ
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595 һ
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˵ķ񹥻ûлңָһͨռͨɳ
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༸ҲæϣǱشˣֻܷˡ


596 ɨ
ɺۣٶȻ֮ϣѩסɫӵͺȵ
췢Ůɫصĵ˵ͷ͵ҧ⣬һڿھѪھѪɫҲһӱĲҰޱȣǿ˻֣ʱһ⻪ɳڷΧһ
Ҳִټ䣬ܲµǿˣϣһ裬ǳûߡ췢Ůӵҡҡ׹˵æȫָ
󷨣
üͷһ壬ܸо󷨵ܣҪԶ֮ϣƾһ󷨣Ϊܵס
ЦһԥĻȭ
Ĵ֮ӿ˳һߴɽ壬ǰݺײȥ
еĺ׷ײûɽͱ׷ױ飬ɽһ·Ʋɵǰݺݵײ˴֮ϡ
~
췢Ů͵һѪ
Ҫˡ
ɫӵɫ䣬æͷȥֻһѲ죬췢ŮӲµĴ͵˺һߴɽײ˳
󣬷һ˴֮⡣
Ĵָʮ˲Ƶ죬
췢ŮӲҽһѪ˼װϣܵ˷֮Ȼ׶༪١
޾Ŀֻţӿ˼˵ͷ˵ĺڡ
ԣǾԲͻԣɸһдۣҲҪͻ֮ǰɵ
ϧû
һӣɺ۳ǰȥ̻Ϊһ⣬¥
Ѿӿһ
ɺ۵ٶȣȻ¥֮ϣҲһӾ׷ϵġ
磬к췢ŮӲµ󣬿ЩãҲ󷨣ڷǰ˵˿á
ײײۿɺ۱ƽɫ֮ɫ̼Ԧ¥ת򣬺ݺײɺۡ
ɺ۵С࣬ߴ¥Ȼһײڷɽȭ֮¡
֪ײϵĻɺ۱ȻǴٵ³
ɫӵ˶¶ڴ֮ɫ
ǲָܽһײҲʵ
ײɺۣǷҲ׷ǣֻҪ֧ŵϵɣǾ
ɫ΢䣬ʱҲˣæһȭ֮ΪһΡɽ壬ݺײȥ
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Ӵޱȵʱɺ۸ƷˣҲ˳оҡţƺʱѿ
ԦɺۣͬһƬҶ˳дţ˳ϰ⣬µĻͷȥʱ֣ɽ屻¥һײķ飬ΪŰ˳
Ȼ¥Ҳùһζţļ˶ͬƲסԼ塣
ꡣ
¥룬ĵľϣȻһѺۡ
ɫӵ˶ɫ䣬æӽڲȿϵѺʱеĿϲʱʧӰ١
Ҳɫҡ
סɽĹҲ޷صĴۡ
ҾͲţһֱӲȥЦ
ʶ¥ûʧȥġ
Բţ¥ֹӲȥԳ޾Ĵ֮жʧ⼸ˣҲߡ
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ԶǰǿʹûΪʵֻҪƵʹãκθ
ȥ˿տʼӲǴΣܵҲָˡ
ĻָҲԶʤ
ɫӵ޴룬ȥ¥ֻʱ⣬սĻԷ޻ء
Ҹƴˡ
ܲˣֵǷϸоӴ¥˳Ҫƴ
ЦһһѹΪһߴɽ壬¡УӺݺѹ棬һϢ
󣬽ʣºɫӺУҳսɫ԰׵Ŀһɽ½¥֮ϣоǾ
ⳡ׷һһҹ
ꡣ
죬¥ĶҲ֧Ųס飬ͬʱ¥ĺعĻҲ˲ʧ
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һߴɽգ䵽¥ǰ
޴Уʧȥ˷¥ڴ֮仯ɽǰԵޱȴȻ䱻ײķѣӿ׹
кͻڼװϵĺ췢ŮӶֱܲӱ촷ۣĺɫӱƳ¥ҪʱҲһƣߴɽݺݵѹ˵档


597 β
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һѹ֮£ޱȵĳأɫϵļͷ飬£ǵķ˶á
ɺϣĿͶ漴һ磬ϵĺɫӾŸĵҲ㣬γһԲ򣬱ǣţԶɺ֮
û˵ˣҲͷɺ۵ٶȣɺ۵ٶȣķϾͻʧȥơ
ţɵ¥кͬʮ磬ϵĲкȫɺۺ
ȷصԶЩδȻˣʱɺ֮ȻʮԲ壬ǲкȵȡ
Щ˵Ķûаȡõ˼
һĻûȥĺɫӵˣжʱ¶˾֮ɫ
Ĵ̰ǵĶĻôǵɾͨһЩﶨλѰҵʱǷڣȻˣһˮҲǳһڶ
֪˵ز
ûô࣬Ǳܵĸоס
ǳҪǲκһ©ģЩܴԽ磬϶ǿһЩֶΣˡ
˲ǵޣϵĶҲ̫ġ
ǰ˴ĳ׻𣬷ܰġ
һ·ȥǺ췢ŮӲµĴ󣬷ҲŸһɹ֮󣬻һ޴ӡ
Сʱ
֮ء
ûԷʵδܽЩ˵Ķ׵Ļ𣬿϶ܣһжȫ˿ĺۼ
Ȼ̤ͨʵ췭ظĽɷܸоǰ𺣵ĿֲǿϢԨ纣·ǳأ
Խǿ󣬾Խܸо˵صĿֲ
~
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ҿһָ̾һŰ¥кԲ˹ȥ𺣺󣬷̳ķ磬¥кʱµȥû׹Զͱһѻת۷ճɻҽ㲻档
һĻҲ˿«ҲԲ˻𺣣Ϊһ̡
⻹ûꡣ
Ҫ⼸˲ϵĺۼ
βĹ̺ʱã㻨ʱ䣬ϣǳһ
ˡ¶Цݡ
˱֪ޱȵӴԶڵܿģҲʱ֮ΪС
Σվˡ
ɲΪеڶ˴ļ̫Сˡ
˵簡Ժĸˡ
һ֮У˸˻ǷëǣϾ˵̫Ҿҵġ
Ҹʱ򣬾Ϳһ䣬Ϊ˼Ժͽɡ
磬û֣ǷԳ𺳵ĳ֣ڵ硣
ͣʱ䲻ˣҲࡣ
ǰ·ԶϨĻ𺣣ԥ£漴¶ػռȡ˳
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ǰĻ𺣱ҲͲֵһˡ
Щɻ
ػ̫ɻ
ϾҲǵԻЩĵػӦзԾŶԣɴʱȴȷػǰȣ˼ı仯
ҡҡͷһгһֻѿǳ
ɽ
ʱɽȣ֮ԻˣҪǰͶ¯ĵĵرûб֮Դ
ǰĴ¯ҪڻĵĵرվǿЩЧڷͻƵͨɽĽҲָտɴ
ȡɽΪ˹ܷա
ɻǵãˣһͼȡ֮ʱ򱻷
ɽܴ淽һΣ˱ϣŻȥԡ
յĹ۲죬ҲܿһЩߣֳЩǺЩ־ģЩûеġ
ֻҪͼȡɵȣǽͶȥĻһֻ棬ᷴ
ָᵯػʱ۳һС磬ƮƮһϳ־Ļȥ
˰Ѻɽ׼ʱӦԡ
ס
ͫͻȻһ֣𺣵ĵػ𻺻˸ı䣬Ǳɫһ㣬úͻ֮һģһ
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ĿɿڴŵػƵķɽ˻𺣣;вСĻһ־Ļߺֿܿػ׳һЩɼ˲ĽӴʱһ档
ǣ־Ļ棬Ȼûз
ĸı䣿ı仯̬ʣų⣿һʵ
ǳǿ
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ҲԿ϶ػôɵĴΪǻ㣬ֻ˵ϾˣЩд־޸֮ľվǲġ
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Ҳá˿ɽ
ػĿĵأһ޴Ļ֮Уеһϣ̷ǳĻ
ڵػ˵Ǵ޾ʳãʶĻ»Ὺĵĺ
ûбͷԣָӵػ
վĵرȽ̫ˣΧĻɳٿǱİɣϾֻ˵ı壬óȻַĻǵػҲá
˻֣ػٻ˻
ôĹ棬ҫһ㣬ɼҪ
½ĵȣĵرǲܡ
ػǲȥˡ
Ѿ¶˾ģڴ˴ɻ֮ɳ´ԼʱܳɳԼĳ̶ȡ
~
һǿʶ˵ػڲ
ػʱϾ״̬ˣĵػ衣
Ȼػ£ΪԷһʲôҪ⣬ȻҪʶǿԼĿơ
ΪȽߣƿصĵرֲûгֹ
½޷ĵرһĵرԵɺ£ͻȻȣǰۼ̾ͻᱻĨĵرҲ֮
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ȵպ󣬷ĵ˵ͷٴ֮󣬼ĵرȻƿأҲڵȽ׵ʱĺôĵرôġ
һףػƮƮƵģַɽ˻𺣣Ǻһûա
عʱ򣬵ˡ


598 ֮½ľ˱仯
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һ̤Сڡ
ǴС뿪ģʱȻҲǻص˵ء
ʮʱ䣬С統Ȼ̫ı仯
Ŀһɨܿ棬ҵлѩлѩҪСĽϣ˺ܶʱ䶼С棬е񣬽²١
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ͷ˼лѩ̧ͷʱַЦеĿһ֮̾ϲĺ˳
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˵ţεľԵ˵һ飬ȻȥΣյĲ֣лѩҲûʲôġ
лѩţģԣҲޱȵʡ
뿴׳һĻ̫׹綼ڱ̾лѩ¶֮ɫ
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ʲô֤պһֻ˵䣬ľǧѷģ˵ֻһΡ
Ǹ絮˵õһ֣˵ײ˴˰ҵôһ硣пţȻС˹أЩͨˣС˹ֻǰҳѡ
Ҫͻƾʱ֮ŵͨ磬硣
粻ȵ٣ҵȵҪĶ࣬Ժȥʱ򣬾Ҳʼˡ˵
Ȼ֮ϣЩȥ綼˳μٴιȥͷԡ
еĵ֪ʶҲȱⷽϣֻеȥ磬취ˡ
Ҵȥҵ硣һлѩռ䡣
麣֮ȹ֮󣬴ʱռȹ쳣ԶԶ֮ǰǲݻбΣա
Ӱ֮ͨϡ
лѩ⧲һȻعʱʱǰĳסˡ
վͨϣԿ·޾ƺлѩ̾ѡ
ʾлѩϿ
۵ģǱ˰֮ţӴޱȵ麣лѩ۽磬𺳡
麣߲磿лѩʵգգ۾ȥ𣿡
Цҡҡͷ
ȥ֮ȥһ⣬ûȥ麣
ûʱ䣬ǲüһʱ
麣ϾǸ߲磬Ļ࣬Ҳ󣬷麣һ֪ھʹȥĻΣ̫ˡ
ȹʱ䣬ȥһ硣
ԼĳŵҪ֣ԼʧôãǱߣҲǺѰ˰ɡ
̤ͨ󣬷ʵͻͽҲǽ紫ʱˡ

á
С󣬷͵
һ͸о˲ͬ·ض˱仯
ָо˵Ĵȷ
֮½ԺһܿҵԴͷ
½Ų½ʮͻƣ磬֮½ȻҲ֪ı仯
ۣ֮½
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ֹͣˡ΢һϣȷһ㡣
̫⣬ϾõĴУҲصļء
޵ı֮½½ʮֹͣţȻ˵Ժ֮½;Բˡ
֮½ܱ󣬲ѶȾͷǳˣ޷֮ǰԶͻš
ڷᾧĻκãķʽ޷ƶ֮½ŵġ
֪ȻԺţѶȷǳ󣬿һɹϯµĵ̣ôԵ޵ʵϾͻͼӰǿ
½ǵõȵͻƾ֮ʱʵŻǿ
֮½ţȻԺʵҪ;µӿ룬Ҳ麣֮
֡
üͷ
֮½ĵ̣ԼֹͣţûгԤϣ⣬Ҳо쳣Դ
ѵǱ֮½
Ŀһδӱ֮½ɨͻȻһ¶ŵ
⣬ôܡ
ʱڷУĿһӴޱȣͷӰڱ֮½ϡ
ϸϵĻϳⲻǱģ

õļ䣬ʱȻȷϣڱ֮½ϵģ
Ӵޣڱ֮½ϡ
УñӰټĳУԶжϯڣӰڣǷо쳣ԭ
Ӱǳĵޣƴغ󣬲ͱԹȥ



599 
Ŀɿڴ
Ϳ⵽ô£Ҳûصļء

õĵ޼䲢ǰʲôУҲʵ
ǺεȺõݵ޴еԭˣ綼ûмȻҲͲصļأᣬǵд˵ˡ
ӴޱȵӰҲĳûʲôΣյԤУӰͱ֮½ѾںΪһˣ޺׾ܲ
ѵ˵Ϊ֮½ĵޣϵȵԭ򣿡Ѱ˼š
һԵ޵ҪԣӵһΪ֮½ĵޣͬеϵȡ
ɵĻе޶ԸΪ֮½
ЩӴ֧ŵĵޣǧټƶҪѰһ磬ΪԼı֮½
һ㣬ϵǼ˾֪ˡ
ͲˣΪ֮½ĺôʹǱߵĳ񣬱ֶδ̤ͨȴɾͿȥˡ
ʼ½ڵڵȵȡ
ڷԼǴĵ͹ˡ
Ӱ˷֪
ȻҲΪı֮½һ磬ǵ˵ģǽȻ֮ͬǰʶǶԵġ
һ˵ˡ
һҲǲļ
֪ԺԼʵʱӰ᲻𽥵ʵָܻǰǿɾ޵а
ҡҡͷû˼ȥ
ⷽϣһֲ֪ˣϾ̫ˣ˼ȵۺ죬׾ͻɱ֮ǵԼԼʵչֳ
ڻһӰޣȴǸǿҵڴ
Ӱ´ɽ֮б仯ˡԺһ뵽һֿܣ漴˴ɽ֮
Уһۿɼ֣һɫһǻɫ
ȻϣԶڴ½Ƿı֮½ռ˵ߵıǡǡ忪
ŷ⣬ɽ֮Ѹٷֻɺ֮ʹ֮μ
ǰĴɽ֮ǿģ̤ͨ󣬷壬ʹΪʵȴʹɼ
ȻϸĿţκɢŴɽ֮ܲѡ
Ŵɽ֮ӱ֮½ȡ
ϣɽ֮Ȼ˱仯Ըо˿˿Īʹɽ֮ںһȻϸ΢ȴޱȵǿʹôɽ֮һ̨ס
ʹõִɽ֮Ļһɽȭܺɱһǿˡ
ʱ򣬷仯ɽ壬һѹ֮£ܽǼǿѹˣѾǼǿֶˣʱõִɽ֮ʤĸס
˵ڵϣʵ֮طҪ߳һΣ֮
ϧˡЩϧڵ޵ˣû޹ؽҪ
ڱʱ޷ȡ֮½ģֻܶʼ½ġ
ӰӦڽ֮ųֵģҲֵ֮Ӱڣʼ½Ҳ֮仯ֻܵȵһα֮½ռˡ
ҺԺֻҪ֮½ʼţʵͻҲţ֮½ӿʼ½
ˡһ뿪

Ļع飬ϲĪŪһŮŪֶ֪࣬ʱŷſ
ңȥͰ͵˵ţҲƵˡ
Цһ裬ɳϣ︡ŵܰѵõʱ⡣
һʱ£Ҳͷ
ڰǰģкܶ£ҪĻ
ȥȥ磬ʵո߲Լ麣֮С
֮ţ÷ǰȥ磬ٴǰ磬ԶŮΣҲһ
Ȼں߷лйǣϾԶʵ̫ǿһܡ
ҵ£ǾԲģڵռ䣬Ҳԣһܽ롣
һܵǺε֮ǿֲŸո̤ͨģһȥ̾ͻռ顣

ҡͷںͷҪҵ취ҪȥС
ͬģʵҲһ֮½ѾֹͣˣڵûõģκνҪµսͻ
麣֮УǷΪصġ
úʹʢкԺǵǿһͬǰҲиӦ
ҲҪȥС
ףҪȥ磬𲽿ʼԼļƻȻڱС
ɽĵĵر󣬾ͰѴɡ
ָڲ豭ᵯţҲǺܿ˾ϡ



600 תɽ
С
ϥǰһССĺתţԼԼˮĻ
ĵر̫֮ӡ
Ŀ̫֮ϣһˮȻĳΪĵر麣Ȼˮ֮л̫֮Ӻʧ֮С
·һĺڱ𴦣̫֮ӵˮγһѭһĪķʽǷҲ޷͸
УصĳɫҫţͳʱȣȴǶ˼кƣ֪Եʡ
̤ͨҲ̫֮ӵʸ
ĵرҲǰ衣
ʱæۼԼػ𣬷ϾˣҲûҪȻ󣬾̫֮ӡ
ɽĽҪ֣֪ȴͿˡ
֮󣬷׹ΪʲôҪ֮ͨܽǰԼʹɽ֮ȫ޷̫֮ӣɱʶ̾ƿһϣ˴ɽ̫֮֮ӡ
ʶĵرĹؼͬʱҲܼԦҲҪͨԭ
Ժ˼ӿţܿһʶ̫֮ӣÿһ
֮󣬷ͣ
ĵرѶ̫ˡǰŵ̫֮ӣüͷ΢塣
ɷϣĵرֲܿ
ȻܻΪʵ֮Ϊ̫֮ҲûȵģϾĵرҲǵ޼ΪҪս˷ûз¶̫֮ӵ
ǣ̫ˡ
̫֮ӵѶȣԶĵĵر֮ϣ㷽̤ͨҲǸеޱȵļɬͬˮȥʯʱڸ޷Чʱ䣬ҪĵĵرҪ
Ȼѣ֮ĳɹȴޱڴġ
ҡҡͷ̫֮
Ҳһˣ֮һ
̫֮ӣڴģɽ
Ŵ֮Դӿ룬ɽƣͻĵ֮գڽڡ

ѩظǸŵǼ壬˵ڲǵĳ⣬ұʾлǼעеĻ
УǵԱڱܲڴ£ʵĻ͸֪ԼǳҲȥһˡ
õġлѩڷ棬ͷʾԼһȥġ
ڵľҪǷС磬ȻߣҲȫ֡
˺ܿ콫һЩԱȽҪ鴦ϡ
˦ƹ񣬳һЩ£ֻ²⣬Ż֡
ڵϵĵλ˵ˡ
ĳ֣춨һС
ϣаչ黹еģûԼĵ̣һµҲУϾ˶ǰ»ǰ֪˵ġ
Ҳǳ˼Ρ
̤ͨ󣬷һȭ˴¥󣬶ʱȫ
ٴˣҲʶʱķѾ뵽˼ĳˣȫһȼ
ԼĴӪڵľ棬ҲмΪ֮ʾ۸ͷ
ոպлѩĵڶ£һ¼ڷչʵ֮ǰΪ̽磬ʹ÷ڵʱ䲻࣬ҲһЩ˴
ڷչʵ֮󣬾ͽȻͬˡ
ʱ򣬶Է϶ǱŵĻ겻ˡ
ҲȥᣬڶҪֱӳˣܶԷ˭ֱһ仰ȥܽ
лѩ΢ЦţҲһ㣺ҪǲٰⶼɼϴĺãһͷǶóԼص
ԣҲǵ˵ͷϲ
ڵԣĵĵرȻ㲻ʲôˣʵǿ΢΢
ѱЩĵĵر棬ûģС˹֮࣬ĵرҲǷ޷ܾġ
˵µĵĵرûмֵģҲԽͶ¯䵱ϡ
ˣľ棬ҲǷ⿴ġ
ȻˣĵرȥĵرҲĲ𣬶һЩ֮Ҫĵر
ҴͿԾٰ峡ƷˡЦ
һ׼ġлѩ̵
һлѩûãܿС硣
һ裬жգͻȻһ漴׹Ҳ¶ϲɫ
ڽˡʶռ䣬ûнȥ
ԷʶƺȻţһжǾշ۵ס
ʼ½¯ڵķȻȫǿҵĹâ֣ͬһգǸ
˻ǰҲ⣬ȴš
ȵâʧһڵλڵɽʱΪһԣɳռ䡣
ƽ죬ɽס
ǿۿһۣǿҵɫҫۣȷĵĵر
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ȵĵȵı仯Ȼ󡣡пɽӶȽȵʱģûб仯һĵȣͱĲһˡ
󣬷ɽ۶ȡϡ
תɽĵĵر޸֮Ч
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608 ֮ϣ
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߲ǵų⣬ʱۼӵģ麣ܵų⣬ǿԳܵĳ̶ȣ˻صɽ鷶ΧĻȷʵһɣƳѹΪɽķΧڣʵǷռ죬麣ĹȻòռ䡣
ǣֻҪһ뿪ɽķΧǰӴѹ̾ͻή١


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ȻҲἱųȥ
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Ӵĵ򣬶ȵϵĴˣȻһأ麣һС
ĺ麣ǣĲһСĴ½Ҳв١
ɼ߲֮㣬⻹ǵһ졣
գϢҵͨڶ


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濴ȥĻ֣ĮĿ⣬ǿԪ˵ģڷѹûһۡ
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ж޾־壬ں˵ĹΧڣԪ;׳ӿӣȴ޷һѡ
ΪģȻ鿪һץʱնץķ飬߸ֵס촷ۡ
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Ϊ˵õҶòĴۣʢĵرߣȻҲûôס
صٷУڴϱУû˿еĶѹٶȷ졣
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Ԫһ䣬˶ƴȫš
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617 ǰˮ³
ռ䡣
Ԫͬʱͨϡ
ӹһ١Ԫ˿ϻź֮ɫ
󶼿ˣ˽һʯԶԶ˹׼ͷ׼һΣһĻ㲻ᱻҲᱻǣսУѲ⣬Ͼ½ϵٶȻ˲٣վ̫ߴһȥǼԶľ룬һ׷Ѿǿ챻׷ˡ
ȫȻֵң뵽ˣԪȻ
ǴʢȥʱˣȻʱȴǹģֻʣһȫ˺ϡ
ԪʶȭͷǿҵĹָʣĵر
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ڰ˳䡣˵
ûˣԼѡҲûʲô˵ģǰѷվʵǹⲻȥԪЩǸ⡣
ڣǺγ֪ɱЩĺֻĵرջ̫󣬻̫ѵã麣Ҳ˲ʱˣԽԽǾա
δûбţôù뷨
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ǷûմȾѪҲܵǱۣҲɣԪȻЩǸΡ
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ڻˡԪЩпתͷԷлĻڴһεĺ
ԣ˵ͷ
Ԫûе飬ܿĵرȥˡ
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Ҿ˳ʢУԺ裬иˡ˵ţվһ
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ĵͷǣϾмʮѪڣȻЩĻ䣬ľ
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±ǰ˵˵ڱ˴˼ҡ
ԪͷͬˣҸʲôĸ߲˵ˣ»ὫһЩŭйҸͷϣȻҲһЩλϵı仯Σǵ
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ⷽܰﵽ˺٣Ѱ˼Ƭ̺󣬷뵽ˮ³ǵ½ʦ
һλͨޣ֣绹֮ϡ
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ɺϣңԶˮ³ǡ


618 
һۻգԶٷȥ
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װɺ䣬ǰһ㣬ڹ㣬ŵλãڶļװϣǰ˲٣ٶȴû˿ļȻޱȡ
Ϊܻᱻ챦ի˹׵һҡҡͷ
ճԪǵʱȷʵЩģԷûʲôҲ֪ǻûɵͷϣ뿪̫죬ԷӦǱԭ
챦իûжĿ޷֪Щ߲뷨
ѾԪݣʱˡ
ϧûд󣬷ֱӴԪݵ컪ݣҲʡµĶࡣЩź
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׵ޡһЦƶȻ俪ʼ£ĳһž޿ڣڷɰ㣬˲Ϣ䣬Բƾͱ£һССԲ飬һ߰档
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Ǿģ侳ҲУģ֪쵽׾١
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ӹԲ飬֮ɫ΢΢ͷöƣϷŪȥһС⣬Ļ൱侳ȫһ͸С㣬ǰŵɣҲҵĳ⡣
˵ҪĶеһҶȻϷҲмռСޱˣͬĲ˶٣ɫ
΢ĿʶҶϡ



619 ɢ
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ɲߣרΪȻﲻϣȻǷǱѰ
ǰ־ǲǻԵɺ£麣õģǲ֪ʵʵ˵
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СǺõľˡ߿˷һۣЩпȻۼֵĻĵرȲû뵽õˡ
Ҳ㣬νĲ죬˼ֲȱЧͬСɣȷǵ˵ǱĻ޷̤ͨⲹĻֲǳȱһ̤ͨȻˣͨҪͻƵȱݣҪǱԺŬһ졣
΢΢ͷ֮½εҪܽƾһֲܳġ
ˣҲеʮˡ
ѵһȱⲹֲ̲סʵ
ôܡʧЦⲹ۵ȼĻĵر൱ΣôǲҲܽȱֲ
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ȻĵرһǷ񡣡Щ˵ϸĿ˼̫֮ӣԣĵرȻˣҵĸоȴԶԶЩĵرӦȱݡ
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Ϸɢˣǵһ˸ô˵ûȥӵ˾ɫԹԵҡҡͷһȺ߹öɱǣҹ
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˵ָ꣬һնʱ˺ѿһŻһ˽ȥʧ


620 
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ĿɨȥҲ֪ǲãֻΧ̬ȶ壬·ڳЦ
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һᳵ·ˣ½ʦˮ³ǵ죬ǵλߵļ֮һȻǵһȥ½ʦĸۡȴѾ
½ʦóĻʱһȻİѷ쵽һڡ
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£Ҳƽ
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Щ˴·ֳÿһ棬϶һλޣȻ⼸ޣʵĿҲ½㣬ڷ˵һĿȻ
ߣǿҲ񾳰ˣˣβ롣
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ⳡƣڳܵǱʱ޼ȻͬһĿġ
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ڵ̬Ҳޱȵɡ
½˽СʱѾϰˣĵҲʮ֮࣬ʸ˵ģȻҲͨĵޡ


621 ½ʦ
ȻԽԽ࣬ҺӺܴ󣬼˰ˣҲӵڽҲô˵Ҳһûһģ˵ĸоЩƧ԰һЩĸȻЩˬ½ʦĵطû˰㲻ڱ档
磬ôһģ
һʮһкڷߣѯţһߣкĸףһӺЦš
̬Ȳ䲻ȣԵЩƧ԰Ҳûʲô˴չкСк²ûȴ
Ҳĺɣڵˣÿһ޶ͬģҲ˵ĲΣҲһְȫϣϾЩ޵ʵ̫ǱǷȴû˱Ļ˵ᷢ⣬ģࡣ
ЦЦҲųСк졣
Сһ͸ˡкԴһ龧Ө͸ľк
ذСкһʱһ
⾧ǷǳƯģСк᲻÷ЩŽץһԵԥ£ûֹ
ϾĵرҲ
ԱһЩעߵˣͳ⾧壬жʱ¶֮ɫΪǲпõľʯ
ˡҲȥˣʶͻȻ½ʦ
ţ
½ʦͬ£˹оʶ쿴ʱ㶣漴˻ȥҡҡͷΪǴ
ʦЩ˶档
˵ͷ½ʦ˽ȥ
½ʦ½ʦϰæվһޱȵĹ
Ƕԣ½ʦһ
~Скһеľأ΢龧ʱڵϷѵһ졣
˶һû뵽ⲻ۵ľ壬Ȼ˳ء
½ʦĿҲ˹ʶĿ龧һۣտʼ⣬ҪƿĿʱȴܾЩԣϸȥʱһɡ
һӣһɴɽ֮ӿ˹͵½ʦһ֣ͷ˲ԡ
麣ˮȻ麣ˮ½ʦЩܷҲǴŹâųĹ˶Ƿ׷ɫ䡣
Ҳѹʧ̬
麣ĺˮɽʯﶼ⺣ˮ뿪󺣺󣬻Ѹתɴ
һ죬Ƕ졢춼˰ԽϣתٶȻԽԽ
ȫɹ壬ܴ麣ĺˮȴǴûм
Ҳɫ΢䣬麣֪Լǰδ麣ǵκˮǺεȵľס
һκˮõˣʣһ߽ϣǵ
СкЩͶԵҲ˳ȥͷĵر;Ҳǲ࣬óȥˣᷢʲô⣬ϾСкӴˣܻϳ麣ˮΪһصľʯյĻҲܿת
ڵֻ˵һ⡣
תԺɿȨţܿҵ˿Խ͵ɣõõĻܸԼٺôɻ±¡
˶ɵˣǰǼԷͳаĵˣ͸Ŀɿڴ
ǲ֪麣ˮʲô½ʦ𾪣ͳ⾧ķǱĸĪ
Сһⶫǡ½ʦлع̿ˣǸСк
ȫ֪ʲôµСкСͲ԰ֽ
½ʦþòԴ΢Цվ˳
㡣½ʦǳһ
һͱ麣ˮľĿ⣬½ʦϾˣֱ˿̣վſ
½ʦ̾ϳ˷
ò˵ӡУǷǳ̣Ͼ㼶ǱʱŹȥһ࣬Զ
ȵȣ㾹ȻͻƵͨˡͬΪޣ½ʦĸо񣬺ܿͲ˷ľ磬žȻҲԣǱͻƵͨʱ⣬˵һ꣬һ̣Ҳ֡
½ʦ˵赭д˶УȴͶذը˶֡
ͨ
һڣԵЩƧ԰꣬Ȼͨޣ
ǲԼĶ䣬½ʦ˵Ļ˭ɡ
иȻ
ѹַˣǵĻ»԰ǿ׳ҲѰǷΪǷǳĵ͵ˡ
һҲЩɵۣûй˼˿
ҼǵǽзɣԺġȻЩԾͻƣҲĵ޸£ϵ½ʦĵģ麣ˮû֮һ
ǺǡЦ½ʦ龧͸СһģʲôʵĻҰɡ
㡣½ʦһסˡ
ͣȴҲģһ˶ó麣ˮҲ̫˼ˡ
Сѣÿһμ㣬ܸҴСľϲ
ĿⶨĿŷã½ʦŻ³һڳ

մģֹǾϲ֣ݵġ


½ʦѾûа飬νĵ޲ˡ
̫֪ܴ麣ĺˮôˡ
ȻͻƵͨɽǸͻƲãԣ½ʦȻһĿȻ
ʵȥ麣õ麣ˮȴǲܵģȻҲ½ʦޱȵĺ档
ιר½ʦģҲüһʱЩ˵˺ܾˣʦͻʱǲԵɡЦЦ
ڵãȻҲЩ˵飬˳¡
⻰һ˿Ŀ⣬ǳ˳羴ͺøУǶԣвԣõĽ
Ͼһ½ʦܳʱ䣬֪ʲôʱˡ
Ҳá½ʦ룬ûоܾ
ҲͨޣӣҪġ
ҷҲ˵ˣרģ˵뿪ԼȷʵҲ̫꣬ʧȥƽȵ̬
ԼС
ȡרԵĳ½ʦһвԡ
Щ󣬶ǶԷ½ʦȻĽڳϣעɽ֮
ܿͳˡ
ܹʮޣͨǱͨ棬еȺϵȾӶ࣬׿ԽĵǱ
÷ЩǣСкȻǱߵһ׿Խеȡ
˵ﲻʲôȺ棬ȻǷǳˣСкĸ׸ϲЦտΧ˸Ƿ׷׽
˵࿴ˣСкǱҲ㹻ˡ
Сѣ˰ɡ½ʦ΢ЦЩߴ٣ȻȲģҪ֪ˡ
½ʦ롣ûѣȥ


622 ָ
Сѣ
½ʦŷ˸ۡһľͥԺ
£κ˶ÿֻͷˡ
½ʦͽҷˡʶɨͥ԰ûʲô׵ĵط߽һͤ
ͤӺܼӣһʯʯΣʯʯΣǷĵ⣬ȥоʮůͣûбĸоȻܲ
ҾͲˡ½ʦЦһûоܾ
ľڷ֮ϣ͸ǱȷĶֱ࣬ӽзֺܺʣ÷ֵĻǾ̫Ťˡ
˲˵ҲӦʵʲô½ʦĦе麣ˮĶŷ˿ȴ֪龧麣ĺˮɣ֪Ǵģ
˶٣ʣ֪½ʦû˵ɢ˴ˣ
ɢˣ½ʦ¶˼֮ɫƺԺڴ˵ļ䣬Ƭ̺ͻȻһѣѵʥصλϴڣ
ֵԾˡ
û뵽½ʦȻ˵ɢ˵ţϾǿһٴܵľǿ߰½ʦǿҲܽӴԭڿǣôͲ½ʦλǰĴڡ
ѵλɢǰ𡣡ܿعЦЦû뵽½ʦȻ֪ĪǺλǰʶ
ҲңҵݣôʸͶɢǰʶ½ʦæҡ֣Ҷ룺侳ǿߣЩģûʸλǰķۣǵޣŽ˵š
½ʦżĳ羴Ȼ֪ɢ˵ţޱȵԺ
ԭˣ½ʦͨޣ޵ĵλַǳ⣬ӴĲ棬Ҳ
緽ʵȲ侳ǿߣǴʢеЩ侳ǿߣҲҪӴĲ棬ҲʵҪߵĶࡣ
ͻȻᵽɢǰѵ˵½ʦ͵һһ˵뷨ѿڶ
ˮ³ǵ·ϣλǰ΢΢ףĲ˵
Ȼ½ʦ򣺡ԭǶɢǰģѹˣλǰĻӵľ壬Ҳǲܡ
ЦЦûжֻͣǽɢ˸Žҫҳȡ˳
½ʦ۾͵һеһ˿ɻҲǵȻ޴档
û˸α춫ɢ˵ҳϣҲ̺һ˿ĿֲڣԶԶΣҲα졣
ˣǷͬСɣҲ֪һҵӵܣǱޡ½ʦĳ
͸˼̫ˡ
˶ɢˣλϴھȻ˷һһö麣ˮɼߵĹϵ
Ǹûлɣ麣ˮǷģϾ˵Ķڶɢϲź
뵽ܵ½ʦв
֪һЩӵܣյУĿȻΪ˽дҲһֿ飬ɣڵķ
ǺЦ˵һָĪĸо
ڵΪڳƤ죬öɢ˵סˣ½ʦ˵ɢˣЧҲǳĺá
ԽԽã˵ˣܳ©½ʦΪȻȻľͻһнԲĽ͡
һǵܺĽͣ麣ˮ£Ǹ˸ĪĸоҲܷԺ£ٿܴڵš
˵µĺԼɢ˶лΣȴǲġ
˵½ʦλ򲻿ܣΪôһȥҶɢ֤ģߵĵλ̫ߣ½ʦҲԶԶûʸ񣬿Ҳ
Ҫǣѹûгʲô
ˮ³ǵ·ϣȷʵͶɢ˼棬Ȼǵĳμ档
ûóϹ麣ˮǶɢ˸ģû˵ͶɢʲôرĹϵʲôû˵һж½ʦԼģʲôϵ
ѹԴʢвмһˣûм˼ȷʵһʢУʲô
Ϊ£½ʦһЩ£ҲЩ
ĵλֶΣټһǰ˼Ϊע˷ûмʢе£֪ģʱЩ⣬ȴȻ
ֲ²⣬ûάֶãܿͱ½ʦԼҡˡ
ʼ𣬹ڵ¡
½ʦ۹ε׾Ϳͨ˽Ĳ࣬ⲻװģˡ
ɻǳԳˣܻ
ѵ˵ʲôˣΪǱǷɢ˿أµĽͣ½ʦС
ֲ²Ҳܺ㼶ǱȻڶɢ㲻ʲôӦбĶǱӶء
½ʦɲһɣɢ˵۹⡣
ȥͣ˵࣬½ʦȥв²⣬Ҫģץסɢ˴죬͹ˡ
ʶɢˣ͵;塣
㣬ԺɨһС
ǲôҪˣȻ͸¶һ磬һˡ
½ʦҲǺܿʶ㡣
ܷʲôͷܵõɢ˵ĿأǾ㹻ˣҲٷȥȷǾĵĸҲֵȥȫĽύ
ͨûܽ㡣£½ʦ˵쾳ԼǿĵܣͬΪͨңǽ̲ģָһ·˵˵ҵ
뽲æ
ҲͨˣӦ֪̤ͨǵ޵ͽȫµĽ׶Σÿһ˵ͬ岻ͬʽҲǲͬģǽ̲˵ԭ򡣡½ʦ˵
΢΢ͷΪ麣
ͨͨ麣ʹõ޵ȫ½׶Ρ
ţָܸ㣬Ƕȥ麣ţֻҪһ࣬Ժ֮;
Ҿ̤ͨʮ󣬵ʮν麣ڻԵɺ£֮;
˳ǸԵ·ȥ֮ռ䣬ͬʱ岻ϳɳ֣ͨ½ʦš
ףһ仰֮ͨ󣬵Ĺؼڸ߲磬ȻⱲӶ̤쾳ˣ쾳ؼҲӦڻ졣
½ؼڱ֮½ĴɽԴӿռ䣬ͨ麣
ȵͨȷĵ·󣬾ȫˣ麣ĳɾͣƶţ֮½ļš
֮½ŵһ̶ȣ˸ĴɽԴռ䣬ͨ죬ʱܹɹĹؼڱ֮½ˣ֮½ܷ̤һ硣
½ʦ٩٩̸˼·ĸ˵š
ܴͨڣ½ʦǰ첻ģģָһ·һ÷ԼȥʺԼġ
лʦָ㡣վһָⷬüȷԺŬ


623 ʥ
½ʦĸۡסкܶණ̡
ڽʱ򣬷Ҳû̫࣬½ʦӡ󣬾Ƿһ˽ⲻˣҲʵˣʲôĲ²⡣
ŲϽֻƬ䣬½ʦǸܿ϶ܱɢ˿أľԼڷĳӦòߡ
ˣҲֵύ
ľͥ԰½ʦǰĲˮš
û´ĻӦΪĳ⣬õһݵ޴СָнᵯţһĴ죬½ʦԺе˼·
Ҫ³һ㣬ѡ
ҪݣǷ˽ĺ٣˵ˣǰӴĲܵͣŻ֣Ϊȱ˵̡
ң鲻
ҲųˣĳҵĿܣĻվܲ鵽ġ
Ȼ޷鵽ΨһĿܣǷĳܵͣô󣬸ܲÿ˵ҲԶԶ½ʦΧ
͵ˣӴ治㣬Ϊ޵ĿԺܵͣȻõĳ޴Уߵһ
һ㣬½ʦǺ⡣
ʵ͵λҲȥĽһݵ޴С
Ҳ֪ı֮½Էı֮½½ʦЩ档
һޣҪĻܣǾԲ˵ģ½ʦҲ᲻֪ȤȥѯʣðֻƻߵĽ顣
ҪȫĽύ½ʦԣ޲ɼǲģǺһ¡
û뵽һ硣
۹⡣
½ʦľ绹ڷ֮ϣȴԶ
½ʦı֮½ֻ˵еȣʼ½棬Ҳû֮ţȻ֪֮ŵĴڣûͷǳңԶ
ʵȻ磬㲻ʲô붥ңɼ
վĸ߶ȲͬĽǶҲ᲻ͬ
һû߳ԼˣǲԵĹģҲǱ߿ǡ
Ȼ麣վǸһ㣬ûôֱ۵顣
Ƕɢ˵Ļºܿͻ֣ᷢԱ硣
ԼҪҲΪ˵룬Ͼһ磬̫ˡ
һ㣬Ƿ֪֣½ʦ֪˵ͨĻ½ʦû˼άҲ̲³Աˡ
ʱ仺ţ½ʦ˼ţŹȥļ죬ͷϸڣûʲô֮˿
~
ϸ΢ƿ
½ʦ΢漴ͥ԰ȥֻӰ첽˽
˰
ôʦúˡ
⼸ÿ췽½ʦһЩ⣬Ҳƿ
½ʦǸмġ
ͨϣ½ʦ˷ָ㣬ֻ÷Щźǣ¼֮ŵϣ½ʦκΰ
⣬ҲǺصֽһЩļ϶˳һ䣬û½ʦɡ
ϧ½ʦû֮ţﲻ˷
ѯһЩ󣬷£һԵ½ʦʦ֪û˵̫ɽ
̫ɽ½ʦѳζǵһ󣬻ҡҡͷ
Щʧ
½ʦ֪ô̫ɽһûУ½ʦӴĲϡ
磬ʥء
½ʦܷҽһʥأѯʵ
֪綥Ϥ˶⣬½ʦҲ⣬ϵĲˮһڣ˼·
ʥذ˵磬أҲϵĵط½ʦ˵ʸ񲻹ˣʥصֶ˵ҲӴЩǿߣ֪һڡ
½ʦ뽲
֪ˮ³ǵļ壬ӴĴʢС챦իȵȣЩǾһأ۹۹֪ʢС챦իʲô⡣
΢΢ͷȻû۹Ҳһ㡣
һأ뵽ˣ컪ϳֹǸһڣԱȴʢеҪǿࡣ
ҲԶȻһ۹ڣǵһˣȴʢҪǿ࣬۹֪Ҳȡ½ʦԥ
Ƶ£ݺ޵Уͳĺ˻ĵģֻ߸
Ƿֱǣ˫ڡǳˡš塢壬߸
ҲӦܿĳ塢壬۹ͳߣͳ۹ͳţ壬ߴ󳬼һ
۹۹۹е۹
ڶ࣬ȻƵϵ۹ģȴֻ
šͷ΢𣬶ĵλû̫ȣϾ۹ĽĴ۹ͳռߴ󳬼֮һҲ⡣
ǣȴ÷΢
ǵһˣ磬ǼߣտʼԳŵĵӣͼ÷ɾ裬Ȼһ֪ȻҲӰ졣
ʦŵĵӣǸȻ𣿡룬ѯʵ
ȻҲãֻ¹⵹ǹʡ½ʦһ㶣漴ش
΢΢ףȻ
Ǽߣʮа˾Ųŵĵӣǵı죬Ȼǰ磬һðŵĵӣɼǵҲ򵥣˳Ҳ߸һ
һǲ²
ʥأûоȥ½ʦѯʵʥأǲߴ󳬼
𼱣˵ߴ󳬼ҲΪ˽ʥصĵλ½ʦЦ
ʥߴ󳬼֮ϵĴڣǳأߴ󳬼£дԣʥһˣܺɨ£ߴ󳬼ڡ
ʲôһ
ߴ󳬼ȻûнӴȴƲһܹ£¶д
ʥһˣܺɨܣǺεʵ
Ǻǣ⴫Կ϶вʵ֮ҲԿʥصǿ󡣡½ʦ˵ȻҲôŷ
ͻȻһʦĸˣ
ͨޣΪǲˣҪ˵ûʲôǺŵġ
ңһӰˡ½ʦЦһЩǷԹȻҲһйµˡ
ʦܰæĵط뾡ܿڡ£˵
һݳŵ
ŷģǱͶ֮ңұ֮½ʦİǸָ㣬ݶ鷽
½ʦм֮ɫĻӦʶԼЩĸûа׷ѡ
ʦֽôãѧҲѧĲˣ֪ûлᣬʦָ㡣
Ƭ̵ĳĬ󣬷ͻȻƳţ½ʦиǿҵս⡣



624 Ľ
ѧãѧǷȱЩ
Ҳ֪½ʦʵΣΣ½ʦΨһһͨޣЩս飬˵ҲһݱѧĲֱӳս
ָ㣿
ԣ½ʦܿ죬Ҳ¶˷֮ɫ
ãҲڴΣߣǳȥһ
Ҫ֣Ȼˮ³ǡ
ʦ·
ȵȣҰǼһҲһϡ½ʦ
Σ
Ҳˮ³ǵĳཻĪ棬Ҫ˵½ʦһܿ˦
ʱ𣬳Ǹ
ȻҲһ侳ǿߣⳡսҲûʲôҪڵģһ˼͵ͷϿɡ
½ʦĸۡεĳǺԶ
εĹϵǲֱͨӾʹŷ˽ȥ
Σҳ½ʦȣԶԶ˳ȥ
~
һֵӰܿǰλˮ³ǳΡ
½ʦϹʲôοЦ˵ڳڣ½ʦϾ͸˹
Ǻǣ㿴˭½ʦЦһָԱߵķ
Ļ΢һͰע½ʦˣʱ⵽
ĳ΢Ц
һǰʱʱҪǱϹϾģڣȴǿƽȽ
ף㣬ҼǵзϸĴ۷ҲǺܿϳ˷ӡҲǷǳ̵ġ
̬вԱ½ʦɫ͵׹һ˫۾̵ɴ󣺡ͨͻƵͨˣ
ټ֣ԷǱͻƵͨʲôϡ档½ʦһԳЦȴֻԲᣬռʱɲκõȥ
ҲǡվǴܿ侲
ιǣκɵĿˡ
ߣ߱˵½ʦ͵ա
ˮ³ǽֹеǲõģҲȺ𣬼Ƕûȡߣԥ£Ҳûаɺȡ
ǷУٶȾǼΪˡ
һ·ϣ½ʦƵƵ٣ɷζ˿û
һСʱһɽڽ
ǿЩ𾪵Ŀŷһ·ϣ½ʦҲ˴еĿġ
½ʦ˽⣬Ȼ֪ѾӸճǾͿʼˡ
ûôߣǿУʼ
û뵽ǣ½ʦô٣ܸϣҲûжĵرļʵΪ֮𾪡
Ǹͨû֣½ʦľСȴ޷˦ʲô
ҶӺˡ½ʦĿƣȤĿŷ
һҲġ½ʦص
ֳʵȫԸʸ
롣
ͨ޽֣Է˵ҲǵһΡ
½ʦ壬Ѿ֣ס
Сˡ
½ʦȵָһһָˣǿƥɢݳɽڵ¶ҲȻ
ȥ½ʦָһ㷽˲䱩ǣһž޴Ļ򣬹ȼţŷ˹
ⲻͨĻ棬ǿӿţһУһɽ嶼Ҫ
д˵ĶԾĵرɽ֮ǵס򣬷ָڿһ̾һϪ֣ţڿչ
ŷָϪʶţײ˾޴
ΪʵԱ߹սĿ΢̲ס侳ǿߣһ۾˳ǻΪʵֶΡ
½ʦҲ⡣
޺߲ͬûʲô侳޷ʹΪʵֶ
䡣
Ϫݺײһ
ǰ󣬺ҲͨϪǴɽ֮Ϊʵɣǿֲס
ײĵط̷˴ըǿɨķɽȶ̣һƬ
Ρ
һײĽȻǲ¡
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ĵرǵ޵ǿսʽ֮һͬǲͬСչǲĵر
ǿĵط׵ϡ
ûֳʲô޴֪˵ӲȻ˸ƽ֡
½ʦԭΪԼľ磬ԴСѹƷǾû⣬ʵȴȻˡ
壬ڻϣԶ塣
ʦ㲻֣뾡ܷһе
ǰһ½ʦûȫԸٶҲôˡ
á½ʦȣûκι˼ɣҪ˷顣
ȥȥȥָţһţΪ޴Ļŷȥٶȱǰѹգ޴Ӷܡ
Ŀ΢ſ۳˳ǰһ̾һ޴ڿг֣µŻٶȽЩһնһӻգ沨˷ӿţӭ˻
һŻ򣬱ֱɣһ˻û𣬽ŵڶţŻͣٵײ˽
~
춯ص죬Żȴǳ˴ӵĳܼޣɢΪǿŰ£ʱСɽȺķ顣
½ʦζ𣬶·Ű
Ĳ˼飬Բ뵽սἤҵ̶ֳȡ
ৡ
еĳٶȼΪ·ǧ֮أĶһ޴ĺ͵س֣ǰκһ
ʮ֮ʮ׳һ޴ĽӺգƺƵư磬ڷϿշӿţŷһȣ͵½ʦ˹ȥ
һǷú֮Ϊʵﵽļˣ޷ǿȥ
ȻһҲǳǰļΡ
ֲһ½ʦҲأó汾һⲻϷţͻȻ䣬γһҫҫĳ磬â䣬͵ػա
ͰĴ󽭱΢Ȼȴֱƿ˴󽭣˲ΧŴ󽭲˼Ȧ͵һʣͽ󽭽ʵķ飬ΪɢݿȴֻǹЩ
ɫ΢䣬һȭ֮ӿţ飬һΡɽ˳ѹһеƣݺײ硣
ɽȭǷʩչģǿһ
~
ɽգһɽٶȾ̱仺ǳֻɢļȻͬʱɽҲò
գɽ飬ɢΣҲֻʣɼһ㣬һͳױ


625 ̫֮
䣬䣬䡣
۳һӣһɽ壬ɵУ½ʦɳĻ粻ײ
ǿŰɨΧһС
ҲǲòԶЩ
ţȻǿ˵زһ۲գĽŷмΪ𺳡
½ʦĽ֣ȥ·磬½ʦҲ޷׵Ļ÷άһƣȻ·ȴܡ
ı֣ȻǾ֮ˡ
ٽһֵĻֻǺεȿֲв
ûȫ
û󣬷ܺ½ʦˣأ
΢δ˸䣬ȥһĿ⣬ǲаĵˡ
ȻڱֳʵĺޣȵԺ󣬷ɻֲ
С
½ʦҲͣ
ǰˣòϣ˰½ʦ粻ʶʵǿûκαɷʵȴǳԸʮ㣬Ӳ޷ʤ
½ʦǫˡɫЩ԰ףЩȻһսѹҲǼ
ȴǼΪܣʵ֤Լ壬Զ½ʦ֮ϡ
ⲻǹǫۣͻ֪ˡ½ʦЩɬҲЩȻѹֶɢ˻ῴط
ҡɫ
½ʦκβãȴûаԵá
һ޵ʵһ棬ĵر
½ʦƾȷʵκβͨޣȥ麣Σ϶ĵرġ
һʩչڵķԲǶ֡
۽簡۽硣η˹̾
ûմմϲ̬ƽͶҲ˲ٺøС
Ȼȥɡ½ʦһ֣һ󴬳ڿС
ȥʱҪУˣȻҲԼ˷УһҲǲ󴬡
ʱ䣬Һλȥһ麣ûȤһȥ½ʦͻȻʵ
΢½ʦһۣЩ⣬ܿͷӦ
ȤĻԸóһ˵ˣ½ʦһսĿġ
麣֮УͼƻõģȻҲ½ʦǹһˣ˶ΰš
½ʦҪ÷ηԣǾͰ˹ʶʵҲܡ
û뵽Чĺãֳʵ
㣬һھʹӦ
麣𣿡ȥ麣϶ͨ½ʦռˡ
ҲʮֵĶ
Ҫȥȥ麣ҵԼ֮;
Լһȥ½ʦͬУģ߸о飬ܸһЩָҲ˵
Ȼˣ߶Ŵʦĳˡ
½ʦζǹЦ
Ҫȥ麣ҲϾȥҪһЩ׼תɽĻָҪʱ䣬̶ºһ
λһһЩҪȥȸˡûо
ˮ³ǵĿģ˵ǳˡ
̫ɽ֪ںδ
Ҳûϣϣһصʥأ͸ûָ
Ȼ½ʦ麣֮;ԼҲС
ҪΪһε麣֮׼

ߺ󣬴ֻʣ½ʦˡ
ģº麣֮У㲻Ҫ̫ˡ½ʦ
Ϊʲôεɴ۾ֲ⡣
麣֮кεҪֲʱضȥģÿһζҪϧǡ
ܼ򵥣ȥ麣ҪΪ½ʦ͵
ΪԺһ˵ʵҿˣǷȷʵ𾪣ôڣ̬ȣƵֺˡ
ֺãΡ½ʦԳһЦ֪ɢ˶طͲҵľˡ
ɢˣѵ˵ģʥصλϴڣλһ¶֮ɫ
ݣ֪ɢ˵Ĵڣ½ʦϵãϾʱ̸𣬵֪һЩΪ֪
½ʦ΢΢ͷԼĲ²һһ˵˳
ѹ֣ѹ֡૵𾪣ף½ʦΪʲôڡ
ǱΣҲˣûǿ֮ǿֱǷ˼һ󣬻ֻʱ⡣½ʦ˵
֪֣ΪʲôһôȣƫƫһξҪϷҲ֪Ϊһ麣֮׼˺ܾá
˵ͷҲĵط
֣ǽҵĻϵģΪʺҵ֮;һʮʱ䣬ʮν麣ųɹ½ʦЦ
ΪҪôã
סˡ
ʣҲȷʵ˵Ҫ½ʦôãϾľ˱ְ
δĳɾͣԳҲ²⣬֮;ҪĴԶԶңΪˣǲҪסᡣ
氲ţѾͻˣǾʧȥһˣҪԽԽá
ͨͼܺͿ쵽ͨ۷Ҵƽֵ𣿡½ʦһˣɴȰ
⼸Һ˺ܶ࣬ԸҲһ˽⣬ֵͶʵ֡½ʦ˵ԼĸܣҲҪһ㡣
鱡壬ôǵͶʺ壬ȻҲôˣ֮ͲһҪץסᡣ
ˡصͷ½ʦһѾ˵
ڴһĵ½ʦĿ˻֮С

ɺ֮ϡ
Ҹط̫֮ӡѰ˼š
תɽĻָҪġ
ڣ̫֮ӣܼǿʵ
麣ûôȫһεľ÷ףʵԽǿԽã̫֮ӣҲ㡣
˲̫֮ܳΪĵرҲǰ׷
һպ󣬷ҵһƫƧڡ
ɺ󾲾ĵȴƬ̣ȷûκǱڵв󣬷һǰռŻһ˽ȥ
ռ䣬⿴ǼΪȫֶΣһȥܶһΣգʵϣȴѰ·
ǿ͸һЩռĺۼ׷Ѱռڵġ
Ҳռֻ꣬Ҫɱ󣬽Ŀռ飬ΪһƬ磬̾ͻʧ꣬޷ٻǱˡ
Ȼǰ麣ͨ麣ˣٳԻǾͲ֪ᵽһˡ
ô˵ļɼͣȨҲ
˳򲻵ѣ£Żѡռ䡣
һηҲ޿κΡ
̫֮ȻȱݣҲĵر̫ˣڵν磬ȴǲó
Ҫ֮ѡİȫص㣬ռ䡣


626 ȱݺֲ
ռ䡣
󣬾ֱӳͨϡ
·ޱ޼ʵƺѰ˼£ռ俪ʼûȥƬ̣ǽԺ︡ͷˡ
ʼ½ޱҪ֮ء
½ʦѧ֪ʶҲ÷֪ʼ½ӴȻռһǴ´࣬ʼ½ҲˣǸͨ͸ˡ
ռһЩȹ̵Ĵ½мġ
Ȼ⣬ʼ½ǿܶ࣬ڸո̤ͨʱ򣬶̤㡣
վǲ²⣬û˿գҲܲ쿴ʼ½һʱ棬ǿ̤ʼ½ɲҪƻ
ҲǺǰѧˣŽռĶǾķ˸ߴҫվʼ½ϿգҲǽͨϣԶ·ȵȡ
ҡҡͷϥ
ͨʼ½ߴʼ½ΪңԶ滹ƺ裬̫֮ӣʼ½Ӱ죬˵΢΢

һ·֣ƿһϸӰƺ˳ɵ˷ǰͨ
ſһ£ǿ磬̫֮˳
һͷ»ȥƺʶŴɽ֮ʼǰ΢ͺ
û뵽ռЧáܿ죬¶ɫ
ڵõĴɽ֮ʼ½ΪЧŸá
һĻʼ½ٶȻ졣
ǵܵƻջ뷨˳ȥ
ӣȫͶ뵽̫֮ӵС
ʱһĹȥ
żΣ뿪ռȥ⣬ʱ򣬷ռȫıչء
̫֮ӵÿʱÿ̶УһʶĹ󣬾ҪϢһʱȴָܼС
ּ϶Ҫôǿо̫Ʋ׺Ҫôǲϵ㣬ź½ʦһսջ
һս֮ĽԷĳɳǺкôģ÷еǳ
º
תɽĴȻָԭΪʹãʹóֵѺҲʧָõ״̬
ռҲǻָϣʱͨ麣
Ƿ֣麣ų⣬Ҳȫʧ
ų⣬뿪麣Ҳɢ˵ֻҪ뿪麣´ˡ
Ȼų⣬κѹ͸Ӱ죬ֻڿ麣Ҫٴν߲ʱ򣬲Żоų⡣
ԭˡҲ
һ뿪麣ųͻʧĻֻҪͨһ޵ռ䣬ٴν룬õĻֻҪͨ޹࣬ȫʵ֣һֱ麣Ŀġ
ڷ֪޿ܡ
ų⣬Դ麣Ĺֱ꣬ڱϵģԲŻʲôֶΣ޷Ӱ죬ԭ
麣ŶʱӳųӣԶ
ֻ뿪麣ųŻỺתΪԣΨп麣ʱ򣬲Żٴβ
ȵųȫʧõ״̬ˣڣʹ״̬
¾㱸ֻǷˡ૵Ŀǰ̫֮ӣһѪĸо
µĲӽβ
һա
̫֮ӵһҲĵر
ֱһ̣֪ˣ̫֮ӵȱ
ԭʵܼ򵥣̫֮ӲǴĵرǺС˹αĵĵرЩƣı壬麣һ뿪ʼλúͻỺɢ
ȱݣҲĵر档
ʹõĻãɢٶ쳣ĻԲһʩչɢٶȾͻǧٱļӿ졣
ܣÿʱÿ̶ڼˮţò˼£ͻ᳹ɢ
ѹ½ʦǣôں̫֮ӡ
עˣֻжݵ貣ͬһŵǣת۾ͻš
ãвǰ̫֮ӣЩ
Ļ̫֮ӵļֳֵ
ɲѰİ
ɢ˶Ҫȡɼͺ
ܵˡ΢ࡣ
̫֮֮ӵɢٶ̼ӿ죬Ȼûʽʩչô죬ɺǰȴҲǿľˡ
һָ׼³һʵƬҶһƬȴǿˣǲ
ɿ˺һƬҶͶ̫֮ӡ
ȻС˼£̫֮ҲȲҶҪ౶һƬССҶʰ쵣̫֮ϣ·ǽеһҶۣ沨ţ˺ӵס
貵Ĺԣ̫֮ڷ


627 ֲ
ʱ̫֮ӣͷ·ڲһС̫
һһ貹ԣʰ쵣ӺڷǺӵףȻǺˮӣ˷ɢţܿ죬΢ͺ϶۵ĹΣʡ
ҫ۵Ĺԣ̫֮ӣ˵
۾΢΢ǰĵر
̫֮ӵȱݣĸǴĵرãǡǡֲϵȱݡ
ʱ̫֮ӣͱԸоһ貹ԣĪŹֵ̫֮ӵĸ棬ȱݻֲ
֮
һƬҶȻҡҡͷȻĹâɣûбļ󣬵ܸо̫֮ӸѾҪʧˡ
̫֮ӵɢֹͣˡ
֪α꣬αǽȱݳֲΪĵرĨ᲻ɢ㣬ܿ죬ͻָԭ״
ûж룬ȡһԵĲǽһƬҶ˺Ͷ˺
ʱĲֻʣƬҶ
ڶƬҶͶ룬̫֮ӵ״̬ԽԽãȱݱֲ
á
ͻȻɫ΢䡣
̫֮ϵĹԣԽԽŨȻȱݱֲԽԽǿǰ΢ͺɢݳͬʱͣҲڹâѸٱҲƲס΢ͺ̬
ǷԪ
ʶһ㣬ʱ̫֮ɱ䣬ģȻӱΪĵر
ͬʱҲԾ˵ٶţԶǰܱȡ
¡¡¡¡~
գۼ䣬̫֮Ӿͱǳɣһʮףʮ׵ĴӳڷǰƺƵͨϷչ
ˮӿţĿֲҲӿ˳硣
ɫ䡣
ܸоռ·ڷһ죬ǿ֮ŵĿҪ֧Ųס̫֮ӵɱ仹ûнͻڱţӽռܳܵļޡ
ȫƣҲǿƲס˵ȥӰ쵽
ĵر̺֮ǿɴ˿ɼһߡ
ȥϣ˾һ뿪ռ䣬֮С
¡¡~
̫֮ӳգѹƺ޼ɵйԼܣڿѸչΪһԼǧףʮĴ󽭡
Ӵչ۵һյĸо
¡¡ľ쳹أͬĹǿأ˷
Ϸ̫֮ӵ䣬ҲĿɿڴ
ΧһУͱ̫֮йˣȥȫƽأֳΰ޿ɵֱֵܽһж飬̫֮ӣܵĻ´˿Ҳͷˡ
Һ÷ѡƫƧڣụ̂ⷬ䣬Ҳɼ
ܣѾ̫֮ӵΧǷǰģ벽ͬھһսȲһΡ
֮ԻˣΪʱйģ̫֮ȫƽʱ̫֮ӹĻȻס
ôĶ϶ˣѾǹ˲ˡ
һʼӱɱͲֹͣ

һӰԶٶȿ쵽˼㣬һģˡ
˻~
ǰչڿе콭ӣ˶ʱһݺ¡
ҿȥֲֿϢ׽顣
⣬⵽ʲôд󺧡
ףȻڵû뵽Ҳˡһ侲ڸ
΢ѭ˹ȥ˵һߣ⡣
Ҽϳ˶Էüͷʱ΢壺ҲԣھԶˣǽҾڸ˵һ絽Ҳϡ档
ܿȻҵ˶Է絽һɡ
ߡҼӦһߡ
ǽҼϵϢޱȵӴȻ侳ǿߡ
㣬ϹҲڣңôĶǽҸġһλǿߵһԳȻͽҵĹϵãҺ侳ǿô˵Ҳͬһεˡ
ߣҡҼȻŭ
˺ˣλҪŭȸֲĽôһ°ɡ˵˵ģȻ侳ǿߡ
һʱ䣬˵ؾȻۼλ侳ǿߡ
侳ǿߣɲһеģӷִ˵ص俪ʼٶȸģȻҲֻǿߡ
Χĵط½½ҲһЩ˸ҪôǾ̫Ҫôǳɺ֮Ĵ֮¾ٽ֮ٶٿ죬ҲǱȲˡ
ˣ˶Ƿ׷ɫ䣬ûҿȥ
УһȺϡĿⲻмɨķЦһȫûǷ
λǿڣЩҲǳԵиˣҪǵΡ
֪ļ˻᲻ˮ³ǵ½ʦء
˵׼ˮ³ǼԶǸϹҲҪʱ䣬Ȼʱ䳤ĻͲ˵ˡҼ
ĸȻ侳ǿҲһǿˣļĴûȵġ
컪ڣһָĴļ壬кü侳ǿߣڡҵҲһ侳
ļ˸ϹкôҲᱻȡ롣
ٺ٣뵽ˣһǰ¡΢Ц
һǰ˵λ벽ͬھɫ΢䡣
ֹ콭ŪĶֱһڲҪλ벽ƴǴΡҼ۾п־֮ɫһ
˶Ƿ׷׵ͷ
ѡչصĵص㣬뵱λ벽ƴĵطֻ˶һΡ
λǿƴҲûκˣ콭Ӹҵĸоĵر˳
ǶûпΪңԶҲΪɢǿм
ĵرһ𣺡ѵ˵һڳεĵر
˿ֲһ͵ĻҲȡ
ж¶ǿҵ̰ĵرҲûеģȻУӲǿҲ̫࣬ǵʵõ
˴˶˼ۣ˶Щ⣬ǿҡ
ǿĵر͵磬ڳֻλ侳Ļǲÿƾ°ˣˣļ˸ҪֶԵУȡĺôǵУδ֪
ǻ࿴۵ĽҼͳߣûм
ȴѰġ
˵ȵЩĽ֮ʱͻȻ䣬صӴ糱ˮ콭Ѹա
ţյĽԷ˼ٶСţգۼͱһ΢ͺӿзһ


628 һ
ڳɹˡ
һƾź̫֮ӵϵ׼ȷİյˣɵһ̡
֣̫֮ѸСԭ΢ͺ
ؼɢˣҲǿ˷
˭˶һ
ͻȻðķǵıЩմǿ̫֮ӱߣ̾ͱŭ
ôãǿǰ̫֮ӣǵȡߣ˵ļˡ
ŷٷȥͬʱҲѸٽš
СӲ֪ðġ
ǴܣûжǿϢֲֿĻֻдܲܽȥ
ߣСӿ϶ʲôֶΣ͵͵ǱȥģΣĵر£ǿжʳѰ·
˶ɱڣȡ̫֮ӵһĻ޷̵ġ
ҲЩ֣ĵرôγɵô죬Ǵֲ
ţĿ΢ˣǿ侳ǿߡ
ǰ˸ˡü
̫֮ӵĶ̫ˣǿҲ⣬뵱꣬λ벽ƴ֪Ǳڰ
ǰһǶԸˣڡ
Ц
˵侳ǿˣһλҲǶ֣̫֮ӣȴǲ塣
Ϊͨܽĵرܣȫչֳ˰
Сӣĵر㲻
Ǳ˵صİ취Ҳһ
˵ٶȼ죬ܿ͵˷ǰ䣬·аӸµš
Ǹķʵ
ĵرŸոճͣǵ޻ǱߣҪǰᶼǽҪʱ䣬ڷûʱ䡣

ǵвֱ³һ֡
֪Ҽ׹¶͵شһֻһƴĽƾճ֣컪ݵϤˣͻϳ컪ݵĵһ󽭶ʱҼûΪʵֶ۳ӿ
Ȼзŭɷĳַʽ˾裬˶޾ɫ˽Ҽһ֣ȫԸû˿ı
侳ֶιȻǲ
Ҽһ֣ͲǷܰ쵽ģͬΪΪʵԾ̶ֳȡ
Ǻ֮Ǵ֮ΪʵĽɽ壬Ҫһ
Щһָ̫̱֮ǣ˺Ͷ޼ĺݺײ˹ȥ
һĻʱ͵һ¶֮ɫ
ôܣĵرǸոճô̾ܶá
ĵرΣҵĶ֮ײҼĿ΢ž¶֮ɫȫ߶۶ɵĶײ̫֮ӡ
䡣
ݺײһ𶯣
ŵĿУҼ۳Ķֱӱײķ飬ɢݳɴ̫֮ӣ˶ûС
ⲻܡ˶ǽҼǲԼ۾
û˱˽һˣȫְǱ侳ǿߣҲֵ˲佫ķˡ
⣬⵽ʲôĵر˵Ķڲ̫֮ӵĿ⣬̰ǿ־塣
һĻȴһ㶼⡣
̫֮ӿ麣ĺȻ֪һ㣬ǵһ죬ܶǿֲġ
ֲȱݣΪĵرһʩչǷһ麣ĺսǿֲ
һѹµǰһƵɽ壬Ҫײķ顣
ȫҹ
һ̫֮Ѹ󣬴ŽҼͳѹȥ
һѹڽҼͳȴ·ն³ǿҵĿ־塣
ƴˡûеطȥ㣬һҧóȫı
Ҽ۳һͬʱӣĵرȥ̫֮ӣһߵĳҲǺʾΪʵ۳һֱŭľޣ̤գݺݵ̫֮ӣĵرҲǴͬʱƻӶϷһ
̫֮
Ƕֱӱķ飬۳ľޣһͷײ̫֮ӣ͵طҪˮضϣǸһ̫֮ӣĳؾʹ˷ֻ̽ķǣ̫֮һСС˻ͳʧ
ĵرĹֱӱɣ߲µĴ󣬸ո̫֮ӣͷ˱˲ͱɢɼʮķӿе
˵Уǳ˿־塣
ڳĺǵĸоȻ޿ɵֵʹúֹǰǲһͷ·جУһȻ
еĽҼͳߣˣˣ޷Լ
~
̫֮ѹȥֻ·ĴؾҲţѺ쵽Զɽǻζŵɽϳ˿ֲѺۣɽ˺ѿ
ѹģ·һ۹Ǹߴ׵ĵһ߷塣
˿̣ָо

ڳĺˮţͻȻ糱ˮ˻ȥ±΢ͺڷ
ĵر޷εɢ쳣ԣҲǳջ󣬿һˣȴһ۵ûˡ
Ŀȥ˵ͫ׶Ǽ
ϣ̫֮ѹĵطһ޴ĺҼͳߣںײѪһϢ
ԺҪɱԽ۾ܲǵ𡣡һӣʱɷ˳ײ˾һͣͲˡ
ûɱǣʹõǼĵرȴǱǿж˹սƷ
ȫȻĵȵĵر˼۾ͽĿƳˡ
֮⣬ǲԶ
һ˻һŷӦ
ߡͺһҲҶƬ̣ͷҲصԶȥ
߶̫֮ӵľһ˵
侳ǿ߶ˣ˵ˣ׷ɢתۼ䣬ֻʣ·һˡ
һߣȡɺۣȥѸ뿪ɳûԶͻȻһΣϵѪɫʾ
~̫֮Ҫ߶ʵ̫ˡĺһ¡
̫֮ӵܣֻÿֲݣƬ󣬹ƴ󲿷ĵر
Ҫ֮߶֮ǳƵϿֲǳġ
ƣԼ߶ʮΣ͵;ƿݣʧȥս
Σ̫֮ӵĽֻ÷⣬ڵ˵ʵͻͽĳ侳ǿǰҲǲһ


629 麣
ˮ³ǡ
̫֮Ӻ󣬷ֱ
Լڣûʣ¼ˣȡȥһԪݵĴ㣬ȴ麣ٿǽԼص¡
Ҫ罨ҪǿʵԽǿԽãȻ̫֮ӣ÷ʵǡ
̫֮ӵĺ֢̫󣬷Ȼϣ֮;ֳ
Ǳߣȥ;ٰξƷᣬϵĵر
ڴʲôȥЩ߷񣬷ĿǰҲûͷ
һɣȥ麣¶ͷ˾ġ
Ĵ½ʦһϲ
׼һ麣֮УҲǿҪˣҪȴ죬Ҳļ½ʦĸۡס
ǼˣҲ֪ʲô˵컪ߣ£һһǰ벽ƴһξڼǰҺζоԶǿһֲĵرûǹȥʧˣѾȥˣĿǰ֪ʲôһģ½ʦЩƵ˵
Ĵ£궼ѵһû뵽̶ڣͷΡ
Ȼ½ʦƵǣ£ƫƫһûϡ
ǰҲˣ벽ƴĵص㣬컪⣬ңԶûҲ޿κΣʱȴ컪ڷһǿĵر½ʦ̸˹ȥ
Ȼû뵽ǣһνĸ죬һ룬ĵرϢʧˡ
ѹ½ʦơ
λ벽ƴǳְ̫֮֮Ӿ͸˵ˡ
½ʦƵģ죬ǵľǲҪ˵ʵԼ˽ȥǺߣȫġ

½ʦӰγ½ʦۡ˴к
βһģԱߣһʮ꣬üĿ㣬ɫЩư
СĶӣɣȥ½ʦͷԴ
ԭεĶӣУѹЩ
Ȼ
԰ڷ½ʦǰȴǹԵĸƵģһ
½ʦɹ

Щͷɴ˼꣬ǺƽȽǳɵĳ
ģǴСһȥ麣½ʦʵ
ε˵ͷ˶಻ãʹСȥʶһ
ˡ½ʦ̾
麣֮кεҪûд׸ĵ½ʦ˵ˣһȥ麣ĿģΪС
麣ĻŨ֮ʥأһЧֵʮ
Ȼٻˣ麣֮УģѰӶࡣ
ΪƿģǿƵȥһƿôŬҲ޴
Ȼ˶϶Уչ˲ʲô⣬һ£˼룬ξʹԼ츳ߵСһǰ
׼ɡ½ʦͨռŻ
롣
½ʦӽͨ۷壬ռȻҪģҲγʲôԪ
ǰһʱŻ½ʦռ䡣
ǣͨ塣
֣Լĵص㣬һɽ嶥
ͬͨɽ嶥᫲ƽĿռҲҪСĶ࣬ͨĸ߶ȣҲԶͨ
ͨͨﶥһ֣½ʦͨ壬ȻǺͨģûٳĵط
Ŀ·ȥ½ʦʼ½
ûƺֻһ㵭ʼ½ϣϻܿġ
ƳһۣջĿ⡣
ű˵ʼ½ҲǲòΪͻ
Ȼֻһģӡ󣬵жϳ½ʦʼ½û̫˵ĵط
ŷԹ˵һӵĻ

ڿģʵģǺǣҵǱҲ׿ԽµȶѰ½ʦЩԱҲˣΪ㼶ǱӶôΪʵϲˡ
˵ţ½ʦЩԳ
׿Խµȣ
΢Ǳ㲻ϺãһЩĻҲǺġ
½ʦߵһͨǿҪ۷壬ɹ׿Ȼ󸶳ļŬ֪ж١
ʮڣʮν麣
ʱ⣬ʱȴǸе𺳣½ʦһֵþˡ
ûилãֻԹ԰Ļ½ʦҲߵĵزܿ죬̤˱˰֮ţ麣Ż
ߡ
һͺȣ½ʦȴŻδɸ˺档
ˡ
һ̤˽ȥ


630 
麣
һνʱֻһӣ쿴ܣǴȫһץһ麣ˮʱֵĵص㣬Ӧںϡ
ڶΣһ
ǰζǷǳȫģûһ룬в
ǵΡ
ոս麣Χ¡¡쳹ʣŷͿһ׸ߵĺˣԼݺ˹
ǿҵв˷ȫ
á
ɫ΢䣬Ҳ󼲷ɣն㺣Ļʮκˮһɽȭճֵɽ嵲סˡ
ɽ˲䱻ĵķ顣
һͿһʮ׸ߵӭͷ¡
ľ£侳ǿȫһ
Ǻ֮ΪʵǴ֮ΪʵֵסǷ̫֮ӣƿЩˣ
ѾԼĴ
þˣһθս͵˺ϲ˵ˡ
ΣվǾһģҷȥȫǲ㺣ˣͷⳡ麣ķˣ֪˶ķΧ
ԥ䣬˾һռ˳ſ³̫֮ӡ
̫֮ӣչ߶̫֮ӡ
ڳĺˮѸٱڷĿ£γһɫԲ򣬽ڡ
¡¡¡¡
һĺ̫֮ʱײķ飬Ϊ
̫֮ڲǰȻ𶯶оܲµľ˿϶ϵڳ̫֮γɵĺɫԲ
̫֮ӵĺˮ϶ǱȲϺˮģЩ̺ĺˮȴ࣬ԶԶȲ̫֮һʮĺ
һԲ̫֮ӣ͵һʯٶľĻҲ˿
ʱȫˡ˿
̫֮ڵ״̬͵ֻ߶һΣûɶĸ
һ״ʹ̫֮Ӳ⣬ʵҲбѡǾʹתɽһΣͻᱻ͵֮⡣
Ҳһѡ񣬲Ͼųˡ
ίʵ˷һ㣬˵Ĺģô󣬷һ㶼ұ֤Ҳǰȫش
͵ĵطҲ죬󲻵òʹ̫֮ӣ˷һֵ̫á
֪ôˡ૵
һģθӺ½ʦǰ档
߶̫֮ǰҲɨܣûз˵٣Ҳô򵥾
Ƕǲֹһν麣ˣԶȷḻƵĳ϶òŷȥġ
ԼһСʱ
ķ𽥱С̫֮ͨӣҲĸоһ㡣
̫֮ӻչȻַС࣬˵ûȫƽѾвˡ
~
̫֮½˽ȥ
Ͼĵرɢ̫ǿˣһЩûôĿ
С£˷ϡ
תɽҲȡ˳Էһ
˸һգĿĹˣûп½ʦ˵ټ
ţȵȡͻȻɫ΢䣬ĳһԸоǿǸ
Ӧĵرȡ۾һһ½ʦǡ
ʵܺò²⡣
½ʦǽ󣬷ֵΣգ϶ǶĵرԱǵĵرδغ̫֮һ
̫֮ӵصء
ױȵĳء
̫֮Ӿһţ麣ѹ½ʦǲһܿĵرԱҲȶһλã϶ǱԽԽԶԲû֡
Ļ麣һ죬ûĵر޷ͷĸӦ
뵽ٵ飬Ǹٷȥ
ԼɹʮǰʮӰֳţһȻ½ʦˣһû١
ɫ΢䣬еٶȻ£ȥ
Ͼͱһ˷֡
½ʦУһɫԴʲôǿ׵ɢһɫԳܡ
ʣеɫԴһĵر
ŵˣʮһˣΪ׵һӣĸߴһŹӲϵĴ󹭡
󹭿ȥһɣڵȥ棬Ȼɢ˿½ʦеɫԴҲһĵر
ֻӵĴָ½ʦһţȻ󹭵ֲ
֣½ʦ˶˿Ϊİȫ˷ܣǽžɫ亰
һģһƳ˷һۣһ˵ȥɵ
ǡеģһĿĴ󺺣ԶʱЦ˹
ˣüͷ΢塣
ӺͿ󺺵ĶԻõĲͨһִûԣΪֵ֪
Ȼ󣬵ԻͳһģСط˲Ż⣬ǿʮһ˵ȻСطġ
ôǿ϶ˡ
麣ˣ£
Է˵ȴǵһΡ
󺺷½ʦζɫ䣬ǿ侳ǿߣǶ֡
д󶨣˲ǿвǵǿߣûˣٹעǱߡ

о󺺺εɱü֡
ϵ͵͵Դ̫֮˳ڷǰ
ֲ̳ǿףǿн½ʦɫԴͽӵĲϴ󹭶ѹȥ
˺Ȼɫ䡣
ǵĵرĳɫ⣬ֱǻͻͺպգϹǵ۾ǵĵرǿѹȥ
ãˡӴ
Ҳо˲ףҪ룬ɷȻѡ֣롣
ɡ䣬̫֮Ѹٱſӿײ˹ȥ
¡¡¡¡
ˮ쳹ʣ·ķ˶ѹȥֲ˼㡣
ŭһȴü̫֮׷ϣӿƴйȫײķ飬һ˺Уޱȵĺˮײȥ̽ײķǣʬ޴档
һΣûа֣˲ɱһ侳ǿߡ

Ϊ𡣡
һ˷׷ŭҪΪ󺺱𣬿ǽȴޱ侲
ܴ򣬶ĵرֲֵܿס뿪˰ٻ𡣡Ӵ
ȺƺţȻŭʣȴòȥ
û׷Ŀȥ
Ųϴ󹭸вûаգҲ뷸գҽ߶̫֮ӣҲǼ


631 Զ

ӵһߣоûв󣬷߶̫֮ӣ˻
ڳĺˮ򼱻򻺵ţĺա
ŷ߶;ѸٱССһ΢ͺڷֱϲ˼Ȧȶ
̫֮ɢȻˣֻҪ߶Ҳ˵ˡ
½ʦʱŷӦæ˹ͷϡ
ҿˡ
˾δл
棬½ʦ״̬ãûʲôˣȴҪҲ٣ƣӦòǺͽӵսµģΪ֮ǰ˵Եʡ
½ʦǵһ麣ģһԣ϶̾չĵرҲɫԴԼס
ն񻷾Ĵ֮϶ǿסģ˹Ҫٱ⣬Ҳֻĵرܣķ汣ס
÷Щֵģθӡ
ĳƣѵûüչĵرΣ
ĵرԣζʱ¶Цĵر
еĻǼˣҲǵˡ˵ţεЩЩ¡
ǽĹϴ󹭣ǹԼǿĵر
ǵƣȫ侳񾳵ߡ
ƴĻ˾ûʤ㣬Ƿʱ롣
麣ΣմʱҪðΣգĳ滹ǺٵģҲθΪ¡
ûĵر𡣡㶣ĵرĺͼֵ˸һᡣ
ļĵرûУҲǲܣͲǷ֪ˣҲѯʡ
ڻ
ҲˣѹִʢеˣΪĵرһУ侳ǿߣǲһȫûɴҲɿ̺ա
˵û뵽ȻĵرοŷоǾ죺½ʦô麣Ҳֻһĵر
ĵر麣ҲǵС
һûĵرҲǼ亱ϻһЩǲȥĵط
ңʱ򼴱ڶ췢ĵرҲȥȡΪǿıţ麣ͣʱޣҪһԺŵȴҲסһĨ£һЩ£
ܾǰҺ½ʦĿһȺˣҪȡĵرɣɱľ⡣
ĻͷҲЩ𾪡
ô˵ǰκʹʢн麣ҵһĵرҽ˻ȥȻ˰
εĻʵҲû˵
ճĻҲûпĵر̫֮ӣֻ˵ǻԵɺϡ
½ʦûô˵ĿͣڲƷֱ۵̫֮ϣоǾɲ
һ߶̫֮ӣͲϤĸоָԭ״ָо͸ǿˡ
Ͼ̫֮ӣԭĶ
̫֮ӵȱݣ½ʦҲһֱϧ֮Իڵ޽óҲΪ챦ի˹
ԭ½ʦ׼ģɲ̫֮ӡ
һᣬҲûôû㹻ĺôĻôóĶ
ĵرĪǡԥ£½ʦѯ˳
û̫֮ӣʦҲ֪챦ի˺гһǰ뿪ˮ³ǵʱ׷˳Ҫء죬Щ䡣
һսҲȷʵԡѪսһ㷽ͽˡ
˼飬ǲ˼顣ȷ֮½ʦ϶ʱ¶֮ɫ
֪̫֮ȱݵûֲİ취ȴһͷûС
ɲ֪Ĵڡ
û뵽еĺ£ȴˣɵ𾪡
ǻ뿪ɡβȻҲ𺳣Ȼôǿĵرվû½ʦô
ԣ뿪½ʦһݣѹ
ǽ麣ĿģɲΪѰΪǿʤ
ڳѾ£ȻʱȥˣǾͻưոݡ
Ƿ½ʦǣ˾ȥ
ߡ
һ֣½ʦȡ˴󴬡
˸ᣬ̫֮һ˽ȥ½ʦҲǽĵر
ûĵرޱߵ麣磬Ҫҵǣûôˡ
ûڽ㸽ԶԶ뿪
һµĺƽ˾û˿
Դ˵صĻ˶ʮ⡣
û˷ʱ䣬ʼţԼ֮;


632 ͻԵ
ƽĺϣƽ˾
û˴ţһܺõ
Ƿ֮;Ҳûţûжʱȥ˷ѡ
Ҫ֪ɵʵûжǿǿ麣ųǰ֧Ų˶ãʱ˷Ѳ
˼죬Ҫǻسˡ
麣ųֱ꣬ڱϵģûܰɣصĵص㡣
һϿա
֮У·΢΢ĺˮ
ûڴϡ
Լ֮;أüͷ
һһҹ
ûκͷҲûκζ
ȥ麣ͨ󣬵޵ؼ麣
ţ½ʦָľ顣
Ҳڻţں½ʦһսУԶԷԼѧĶ
ǣܿ췢Щ飬ûκá
һͷûУ֪ô֣֪Լ֮;
̫ˡ
ǷΨһܣҲеᵽˣ½ʦ˵ģͨûָ˵
иĿ꣬ŬķҲˣѣҲʵֵһ졣
ǣȫ֪ȴ÷ޱȵãȻָоǻȴҲĿꡣ
Ȼûôװ΢΢̾Ϣ
½ʦʮΣ֮;
ԼأҪΡ
ڵķްա

һӰ̤նܿ͵˷ǰ½ʦ
оãȻ֪ȥ˰ɣ½ʦ΢Ц˵һ㶼ûԤϡ
һαĿģ麣ʱ򣬿ǱȷҪãȻ޴İ
˵ͷҲûʲôεġ
İ취Ҳû㣬ҿԸ˵һ£Ḷ́ԼҵһЩ⣬ܸһЩ½ʦ
Щûһʼ˵
ΪտʼҪ÷ԼһоѶȣЧõģϾ֪ѣҲԼЧϾͻһ㡣
ڷҲʱ˵ˡ
½ʦû̫ãϾεĿģǰ֮ͨ;ģҴֻʵ䷴
ʦ뽲΢ǰ½ʦָ㣬ôḶ́ȴûж˵˷Ҳʮֺ档
½ʦ˻ᣬ֯Լԡ
ͨʵ˵ˣһ޺麣ϵĹ̡
̤ͨͨ麣̣ռ麣ϵʹܹͨռ麣
΢΢ͷȷʵˣ½ʦ˵ûκι̡
ռ麣ֻͨǵһǵޱ麣ϵԼͨ麣һϵǾ麣֮켤ǵ塣
⣬ͨ½ʦһһֵ˵
ǰôһ罨ϵءҲǸеͷۡ
ͨԺľ磬쾳ȣֻҪ͸߲йأ·
Ҳѵڡ
ǵޣԽ麣һˣθһ磬һǸ߲罨ϵȴ쳣ļѡ
ؼһ֣򡣡½ʦÿ˵ͬǳɹķʽ޷ҪԼȥѰҵ·
֮⣬ǻԵˡ
ҳɹһΣڽ麣ʱ⵽˱׷ɱһֻӵа벽ʵ麣ĵرĶ֡
ʱһŲ·麣ӴܣУһڱĳɽ֮Уϯ˽ȥһߣĵرǿ˳У֮;麣ϵ󡣡
Ҳˣҵ󣬺ͻйأϸ˵ĻҵӦڻ֮塣
Ĺˡ½ʦ˵

򣬻Ե
ȻҪ֮;ȱһɣҪΣͬĻҪԵ
½ʦǱ˳ɽһߣҲ򲻳ǻԵܳɹľ
½ʦ˼ѵǣҪվŻ򣿡룬ʵ
½ʦԥҡͷֻҸ˵֪Ҳе麣ţͻȻˡ
һЩҪͨվͻƵˣȴʧˣʲôû¡
½ʦĳĸ룬浣ģΪ֮;ȥһЩһͻδأСĿԵǼ
סЦЦ
ЩھģܾȱٻԵɣȻҲпܣԺͻԵǷȱֻǣȫԡ
˳½ʦҲ˵ûæˡ
תɽ£Ҳʱԭ
ǣȻַδܳɹǷͲǿˣϾƽ޹ʵ˷Ǽ޴¡
Ҳָһξͳɹ麣ߣ˵һĻԵˣҲû취еİ취˰ɡ½ʦЦ
Ҫ򣬾ҪԼȥѰ
һطҪ򵽵Ŀܣ΢΢ġ
½ʦҪ߷ģû̫ãҲΪ麣ͣʱޡ
Ǻãһᵥжûԥ
ţһĸӻȥǺǣСһǿ֧Ųס麣ųˣҪȥ½ʦ΢΢һЦ
ľ磬ҪȷߵĶࡣ
ǷĻֻܿһŻ뿪麣½ʦȴ֧Ρ
Ȼ½ʦǲͨͨ뿪ġ
Ϊһ뿪麣Ƕϵͨһ麣ĵص㣬ҲڱĵطˣŻͬһطļʣ˵㡣
ǳܲ麣ѹģ½ʦص󣬻ῪŻռ䣬ٶģ½ʦˣֻܵ½ʦռУȴһع顣
ȻҲһ麣֮У棬ץʱҲǲС
ʦһ·˳硣ûֹ
Ҳ룬½ʦ˸ԼԱߣҲ಻㡣
˵½ʦ˻᲻ϲ⣬һλȥֱӻع磬麣
˵ʵ̫ġ
ʱĽ½ʦ˶ԷģҲŵùǵƷ
ҪӺȫûɺͶ
ңҲ̫¡
ǵޣͨܶͨ麣ĵޣһߡ
½ʦ˰£Ҳڳܲס麣ųʱֱӿŻͨ麣Լռ䡣
ⲻʲô£Ͼһͨ½ʦռ麣ġ
Ļһ󻼣Ƿ޷ع硣
ͨ½ʦռ麣Լռ䣬û½ꡣ
ȴģˣȻͨ麣շתع硣
·Ȼ½ʦ˷ֿ
ͷµļƻܿͶ


633 ĸ
ʦ߲ҪǵģһڳܼǰϻȥģǣҪСġ
֮󣬷ҲСĶ½ʦ˼䡣
½ʦЩأ΢΢ͷ
֪˼ָľǰͻĽӵˡ
ǻĵĻһԣȷʵпܸɼ鷳Σա
ǲһ춺ãλȥǣǻعʱ򣬵Щա˵½ʦҲࡣ
ȻɱһˣǻڸǵĿ̫ͣϾ麣Ĵ˷ѣȽ϶ԣΪҪһֱںˮһ졣
ǳ嶯һеˣҲȥˡ
Ҫĵģǻعʱ
ǻ˵ʵ٣˵˫麣ܶʱǲ˶õġ
ʱ˵㲻Զ˻عʱ򣬻ٴϣǲܡ
ҲҪСģǻʱ򡣡뵽½ʦҲЩ硣
İɡ˵ͷ
ʱ䱦˫ûжൢ飬ʵϣҲǽĳܲסˣ麣ųû˿԰ֵȥĻֻ·һ
θӺ½ʦ˴󴬣ٷȥ
ĿȥҲ̤˶һ˵ĵ·
⻹һ麣жǰȻʹʢе˷ֿһʱ䣬Ҫԭأ㲻Ƕж
麣ųѹ˷ϣڵѹԶûеļޣɽ֮תɿ
һ㣬½ʦȲ
壬ȷҪϲ١
ûд۴ɺҲǳܲס麣ѹɴС
ѡһ򣬷˹ȥ
ӣĺ⡣
ûпȥʲôڵĿģ麣߶ѰĻԵ
ûǿһԾܳɹҲûʲôѹ
˳չԼ̰ĺ麣Ũת̫Ʋ׺ԸŹκĻᡣ
һĶãһ߿һ߰˴֮ϣ麣һε
һ
ǰһ½ء
ԥ̤ȥͽС
ϣͬʱҲûͣŴ
麣ȱľˡ
½ʦ˷ֿ󣬷õ¶ץһлᣬ
Ļᣬǲݴİ
~
ڣתΪһ˿˿ǿͬʱܣ̫Ʋ׺תҲСϪˮţöˮ
ʵҲڻǿš
Ķ磬κһ磬Сע⡣
麣ûʲô
޾¶٣иɺԵĿܣĺȡ֮ߣ֮ߵʥء
ǣʵڲ麣ûˣЩͨʹ硣
ڴ·ϴԽһɽ壬ץʱ˼
ˣڵϺлѩһζԻ
Ǹʱ򣬷һЩлѩͨ磬磬Լ߲磬Լˣ⼸ߵĹϵͲͬ
ʱлѩ˵һ仰÷¡
ǲС˵еɽ𣿡лѩ˵仰
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ĳ˵Ļ麣ĸ߲磬ЩС˵еɽ磬֮
Ǹ߼磬Եִ
޿ͨ;麣ȸ߲磬͵ɡ
ݣȻܵų⣬ܵ
νģޱ麣ϵҿӦߵĹ޺麣߲
һڴ½ϴţһ˼ţţԼ˼·
壬麣֮Լʼ½ıԴγɵģΪɱĹУ麣֮˹Ŀܡ
ǵ޵֮
ûһ㣬ƾһˣ˵ʲô麣ϵǸǸЦ
Ϊ壬ʹһгΪܡ
ͨǶھ̽
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ڵ֮Լ麣֮

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Щã
Ȼûʲôͷֻ麣ţ磬Ѱһ
麣֮ʽţһ֪
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һУֻãڵǰδеﵽһ״̬
˼·ԽԽ
ܶ಻ģ벻ͨĵطҲǽ
֮ӻԾ⡣
Ϊʲôܶޣȴʧء
š
ΪĲ֮ͬĲͬ
޵壬ǲͬģûȫһ塣
½ʦ壬ڻ׺ͳɽԾ֮ҲǺͻйء
ԭˡ۾֮Ժܶ˻ʧܣΪǵ壬֮ǲ֪Լ嵽ʲôԵġ
ѵĵط
Ϊǲ֪ǵʲô
ԻҪԵ麣ߣԵɺ£ܺԼ֮
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Ȼûкͱ֤ţԼĲ²ⲻ
ȻͨһؼҲûôҪϰ취麣߶ѰŻԵ
δؾһЩأ֮Ծĵطкܶ࣬òһȥѰҾȻصĻҲ·ȥܷԼǲȥѰǡ
ǶԼĲ̫ðˡ
~
~
ֲǰ˹˷ĳ˼״̬롣
ţ
Ŀ˹ȥ۾ʱ΢ֻǰһֻӴޱȵľޣе󣬿ȴǸźۼףһӴʯ
ӴޱȣֻǰȰһߴ׵ɽϣ߸𣬳ıźֲ
麣ıʲôв
ǣʱĶ·£ȴԶԶҲͷƤ顣
ĿֲԲˣҲǰ벽ܵǿڡ
ֻǰǶ̫֮ӣû


634 
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ԺиͷΨһҵǣתɽĴڣϴ˺ˣһ䡣
±޸ϣ˷һӳȥ
ȵȡڷԥҪҪʹתɽʱȴǷֻ֣޸û޴۾΢΢ţܵȴǸûһۡ
ȻϰСȤ

麣ıֲǶʮɱģʵϣº͵ı൱ģǰֻޣº
ʵϣǰ麣ϵĺˣҲΪԪմ˱ѪŻֻ˿Դ󷢣׷ɱǵġ
ûմȾѪֻҪǶԷº͵ıҲ׷ɱ
麣ĸ߲磬ԣĳԴḻҪΪɱ¾ҲǱУºԭ
Сĵ˼ûֻ޵ע⣬뿪һξƹֻޣǰ
·ϲСıȫûɱ¾˴ల¡
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ʱŷ֣µĲǴ½һϣֲֻ⣬ûбǿ
Щ麣ıҲصĹײᴳ˵أֲֻ޵ء
ҡҡͷ𣬼ǰ

һֻ޴Զž޾ƿ棬ӺԾ˳ڷǰﴦζϷš
ˮͷϳͬʱϵı
һֻ
ԥٴѡС

ţ
΢ҰΧڣ˺ص
һ죬ǺܳģҲ⡣
ȥһ˾
ҪҵԵ߲
Ḷ́;ˣҲе档
˶죬ûе飬ѡһȥ
һ·ϣĺߴ½ȥߣԼ
ϧһֱǺջ
࣬ûȥˡ
о麣ųӵһĳ̶ȣԥ£˻ع顣
֮;һ͵ġ
ȻѾ˼·֪νôһ£Ҳȷ˷Ժ麣Ҳˡ
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ֻҪﵽһĳ̶ȣ²ȥѰЩԾ֮ܲ
Ϊ麣֮޴ڵģ޷Ϊ̫ȶֻҪһ㹻ǿ󣬹ĹƲ⡣
ǣ½ʦ˵ģĳЩ麣ţͻȻԭĪ
ΪģΪˮɡ
̵ʱ䳤̣϶ӸԵ˶졣
ţˡ
صͨһüͷ΢壬ҲһˣǸ
ͣŶԷ
麣ΣյĿɲǱܶΣˡ
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üͷ΢壬˹ǿҲ侳ǲ壬򲻵ѣҲ׶֡
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硣Щԥ
磿û˵Ϊ״ü˼£ȷû˵֡
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麣ҲһԵ֣ξٵ磬ǹųˣֵҲ׼һ뿪麣ɡΪ״̬飬ͻȻŵصĵһ֪ûȤ
ξٵһۣȻкΪʲôԼȥİˣҿҲûʲôջɡ
麣ûкջǳе£һ𣬷ֵǶˣΪֲ㣬û취ȥŪöֻҪϷֵ㣬Ҹұ֤һܹ֣ʱ򣬱֤ٲ˷ֵĺôξٵһܽԲ˷ģ

һԥģξٵ˴ɫ
ߣôҪξٴ磬ʲôԼԼʧðգҲǿ԰ŪֵģαһӲĽ
ǣҪѺôָˣξٴοࡣ
Ҳԡ
༸˷׷ױԼĲ
ôɣҰǴ麣ȻҪһʣİȫȥֻ˵ĻվҪðһΣյģֻҪλֵܼҸ˵һնУֳһôʲôǵİȫҪġξٵɫֿ۷ֵ֪̫ܲǣ麣ҪϱҲףʵû̫õѡ񡣡
Ц
Ǹ˵Щ
ʲôϷͲκηգȫƨ
÷ȥն
ڵҲ
ƣҪǣҪĸԸϲУԲŻշֻҪӦǽģ϶ơ
ΪԶ˷κιǡ
ãҴӦˡѸȨ£һڴӦ
ֵٺúÿǡţʲôӦˣξٵ͵صɴ۾ȷԼû󣬶ʱЦֵܣԲڵġ
˫ʱ
ΪӮ÷Σξٵ͸¶һЩϢ
ҪıȡȻһ죬÷
һǲĵرģֵ൱ҲУξٵͨޣͬҲ侳ǿߣǶģҪıȡģ϶൱ĵر
Ķôһ졣
лɣξٵȻҲ֪⣬͵ɣﲻһһȺ
һҲԷһ֡
һ첻֣ܳͬĵرִһȵĴⲻǲܡ
ȻǼ亱ģȻɡ
ξٵǸ߷֮ԻΣգΪЩԣǱһֻ
˲ֻĶ֣ǽֹһΣǲһ㡣
ֻҪٶһˣնɱֻ
֮£ֻѡ˶죬᲻бĻξٵĻ˵Ҳ뿴ܲҵ˺
Ͼ᲻ݴ´νٳһطҲٵõЩ
ξٵϲ񣬺ԥѡ˺ɷһֺôҲԸĴûᡣ


635 ô
ξٵ˵˵ǵˮ©ֲĵطԲ˹ȥ
вȫţҲ˺ģҪȥһۡ
ͨ˻صһ졣
麣һʱˣͬģξٵҲûõȥ
ֵܣֻĺҪҲ档һ˷ɵһϿգξٵ˵
⴦򣬷Ǻİ
һ·ɹȻûо·ߣҲ̫Զ
ξ֣Ǵô·
ܼ򵥣ҪŪЩҪľǽֻ꣬Ǻ̫ΣˣܷȫʵҪնɱֻ꣬Ҫľǰ뺣档ξٵг˵ͷͷǵ
Ҳ΢΢ͷ
麣Ĵ̫ΣˣǵʵǿȥҲǱɡ
˵˵ôɡ
Σյ飬϶ֵܽȥģҲǡξٵһȫΪӡ
ҵļƻǱ뺣ֻһ߿գʱǶȻֵŴʱʵʱ򣬾ͰӳȥǹųеֻҪǿȰ벽ܵı;Ѳȥʱһȫֻܰɱξٵ˵
һ˵ţξٵǴһˡ
ϾΣյ飬Ǳ뺣£ѶξٵˣҪ飬ǶڰȫĵطȻһӣžͿԹˣûʲôΣա
ȥξٵȷʵûжģҪһֺô
Ƿʼնţûϵڱĺ£Դ£ʼմɡ
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ԣξٵ˴˵ⲻһȽ⣬ڵܷܣ˷ǵʲðֻʵ̫ǿҲֻסһʱ䣬֮ǰԹȫҲ޷ǰɵϷֵܣ϶Ͳһˡ
Ŷһʡ
ξٵ˿Ȼˣֵץʱɡ
Ȼξٵ磬յûжʱڽĵ
ڵ⣬ҲҪֻҪһ㣬ǿþˡ
ԼʮӺ󣬷۾ʾʹˡ
Ǻãֵ׼ȥֻξٵϲ
Ҳ飬ϷɵԶСĵĶξٵȡһĵĵر϶ʱһ㺣ɫĹ֣ţһͷ˺ˮ棬ʧ١
麣ĺˮһУǷˣ˿̶оξٵĴڡ
ĵĵȴƬ̡
ͻȻˮҵӿ

һ죬ξٵӺƨһϡ
ţӿһӴӰӺð
һֻӴĺ꣬ʮ׳̣ıϣͬʯļ͹𣬿ȥ˼Ӳ⣬Ҳ쳣Ŀɲ
ֻ޹Ӻð˶٣Ƿ׷ξٵ米ٶȾ֮
޹ܿ׷ξٵ磬˴ԴҧȻ˷ݡ
һҧҧеĻû˻ɣξٵǱҧε³
ξٵҴ޹⣬ʵҲǲ϶Ȼһ⣬Ȼ٣ӹһҧ
ꡣ
˷죬޹ҧ˸գŷ½Ȼų˴
~
޹ŭ͵ſڣһ״ֵˮӿײξٵ硣
ξٵӲӣϵٴθ֣͵ظı˷򣬺ˮմ˸յˮӿе׹ںϣʱһˣɼһĿֲ
ڱصõĹգ޹ӱŭĵĽ׷
ֵܣ춯֡ξٵǳŷλ÷ɹȥȥģ޹ں׷ϣǸѹûɵλãȲĺ˳
ξֵܣ㿪˳һʱ˳ڿѸٱ󣬳ž޹ȥ
³ͻȻ޹ȫû뵽̾ͱŴ֣һɫ˿޹յġ
лǵ֣֡ʹ޹ݺסξٵʱЦҲûȥж־Ŀϲ
֮ξٵһ󷨾ʱоƿء
ֲϱһɫ˿߷·иһУݺݵն˾޹ڣһ˲䣬޹ʱѪɣѪ
~
ǿľʹþ޹곹׷ˡ
ֻʣһһԵξٵûһۣ
ξٵжǼƻóѵ˷ܡ
ֻֻ㣬ˣ򲻻ῴһֵۣܣлΪȡʱ䡣ξٵЦ
Сǰ㹻˺
ξٵ粻ҵ־һ˾޹ϣҲЦŷȫھ޹ϣѪ졣
Ȼϣ޹ǵĹûᣬֻзһˡ

ŭľ޹һ죬̾һˮݺʢŭ£ˮ֮ǰĸʮ֮
ƺɵˣˮ㲻
~
ˮڷϣʱķǣĲ
һĻξٵ˵Ӷɳ
Ȼôˡ
ôˡ
ˡ



ɵˡ


636 
ξٵƻĺܺá
£ڻң˽Ч㣬Ѿ޹ĳ޶ڷϡ
һǾȫõľ޹תͷǣԾģǹų֮ЧǷ˵ų粢һ˽ˣ򲻿ܲµĺ
ǵʵҲǼǿȫڷ֧ŵʱ򣬸޹ɼ˺
˵ƻһʧģڷһ̣ע˽֣Ծ޹Ĺȣӻռʱ䶼ûС
ٲԸĻŭòǵΪ޹ĳޡ
ξٵ·ܿǱŭȴ޿κεı顣
ξٵУͨޣʵǿҸҹһ˽麣ʱҲû¶ʲôɫʵ϶ȥûĵرҲǲСġ
˵ʵԽǿԽãΪ˱òȫԸ֧ŵԽԽá
ʱ򣬲޹ᱻɱξٵҲЦɡ
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ͨ~
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ξٵ뺣ĵطʵǱ̫ЩеĻ϶ڸš
ϣξٵ˴ƴսȴѰ
ĴζţȻһȦȴûҵκӰӣ˺ˮǺˮ
üͷ
麣Ĵ󺣣ΣգҲصĵط·ĵطξٵˣǸ¡
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̫ԤϣξٵЩͲϣһȻˡ
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ҲǺ޼ֵģǡǡ෴麣һЩǿıֵδػЩĵر
Ͼ麣ĵرԼ൱Ǻεȵϡ١
麣ʮΣδҵһҵҲһ֣ܵԺܶ˵ʵ
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֮ԲҶ֣ΪɱЩǿı
ϴΣʢеļ𣬾Ϳɼһߡ
ԭˣǵͼˡ΢΢Ц
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ǵĽ㣬ӦҲڸһʧ
ֻ޹ʵǿᣬֵܵĻ϶Ҳһʾ˵ĲƸڰһˡ
Ϥξٵ˵ĿģҲûں˷ʱ䣬ڶţȥ


637 崥
ͨ~
ںðͷ̧ͷȥ
ξٵˣں;޹ƴûע⵽ӺͻȻðˮģ
ǲҡ
գ¶ֻ顣
ȷʵǲ֮ξٵˣʱʣˣ˲ӰȻѾ޹ɱˡ
˵ɨ˷
Ծ޹Ŀֲˣξٵ˸֣³ֻһǾ
Ȼ޹ֲ̫ˡ
ʵȲЩ벽ܵıɶξٵ˵Ȼǿֲ
ξٵͺ޹꽻֣֪ʵǿҲܻȥ⡣
ĺܺã÷ȥ˺ȫ޹ʵһأʱǾȲʤȯ϶ܰȻɱ޹ꡣ
ǣû뵽ֱӾɽѿˣǵûаն˺ֱӳܾ޹ıŭ
һǿߣֱӱ޹˺ķ飬һ侳ǿߣҲսб޹ˮɱ
ʣˣξٵҲУ˴ˡ
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˫Ҳɱۡ
ʱξٵ˸ܺˣҲӲΨһɱ޹ꡣ
еԹۣһҪȥ뷨ûС
ǵսڸ߿գǳİȫξٵҲ̾޹ӻغ
Ȼûĵرʵǿ۲һ
ξٵûĵر˵ӮˣˣֶκĵرҲ˲С
ԸԼǴ߶̫֮ӣδؾսʤ
һĵޣҲǲСİ
˵ξٵȷǿԶ緽Ҳûֳĵر̫ˣĵĵرͲڶʮ
սóĵĵرжʮɼЩսõĵĵرҲ١
ǻˡ
òôĵĵر
ǿ壬ξٵǿĵرڶ࣬Ǳޣĵرĵĵر磬𵽵Ѿˣ߸С
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ʤ
ξٵвȻȻ޹ˣߣҲֻһˣȫ޹ɱҲǽӽ;ƿݡ
һսֻܾݡ
뵽ξٵޱȵʹǷ磬ǾԲ˴
ΣֻȰ޹ʬˣ뺣ףǵ˾Ͱˡ
Ҫ޹ʬξٵ۾

һӰˮڿѸٱţתۼ䣬һŽɫۼ׵ξٵǰ
ʲôξٵͷ
ûӦɫ͵ſ˾޿ڣһڽ޹ʬ˽ȥڷ·һ磬ɾͽӴľ޹롣
һĻξٵ۾̺ˣﶼڵѪ
ƴƴŵõսƷ
ɫûκǿϢʵһΣξٵȻǿ֮ĩҲ˿壬̾Ҫִ
Ȼʱ
~
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ξٵɫ䣬ҲĶһĵĵرһ޴Ķƣͬʱϸ⣬˳ȥ
ӦԵĹ죬Ҳûȫ
һɽ͵ײ˶ϣʱķ飬ξٵҲܵ𵴣͵³һѪϼˣɫ԰׵˼㡣
ξֵܣһʶ˹
ξٵһתʱ϶ʱ¶ŵ顣
ܣⲻܣѾˡĺ˳
Ц
ξٵжǾû뵽ԼҪˣȴ˸ˡ
˼ҵӣȻӣȴǰ
ξٵңʱ֣Բܸ·ϾǰҲ֡
ɡĿ䡣
һɽݺݵײξٵϣײķǡ
һξٵĵر
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ӮңЦ󣬸СĴۣջ档
ûȥˡûоܿҴȥ
麣ųԽԽ뾡ϻȥ½ʦ˻ϡ
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ϣһֻӴľ̾ںߣĿ˹
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оԷɱ⣬÷޷Ժһ뵽˾޹ꡣ
Ȼ޹겻ɱģʼ˺ȴҪ㵽ϣ޹ôᶢء
~
쳤Хǰȸ߸صȥ
ȻżԶľ룬ȴǸеԼܶˣвȫҲ룬³̫֮ӣţȫ߶̫֮ӣΧһţڡ
~
ض𶯣Ϸ񷣬һֻӴޱȵĽ͵ѹؼ䣬ƺֻʣֻ޽š
·ĺˮ͵˾κˣ·ĺ棬ֱӰȥ
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Ϸӿ֮󣬲Żƽ
ھ޶ֵһ̣֪ԼǰδеΣ֮С
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638 Σ
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ٶ࣬Ҳжá
ﰡɽ͵˰ȫĵطˮ֮ǰ׳뺣׶𺣵׵ĳȻ¡
غˮѹƣԶԶ˾һ̤
ˣҸܵЩɫ΢䣬æ쿴
ܿ죬͸оˣڣһ˿Ϊȴʼմڵ
ڵ֮ں׸ܵģ麣Ծ֮š
ǰ֪ĻӦþˡ
ھ֮ΪԾ׺͵ڵ֮ںͣʱ価ܶݣڻȷʵڵ֮ӿֳ
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֪Լ塢֮ʲôҲԵȥʲôҪֻ
ڿûĻҪ͹麣ϵ»ǳǳһ᲻κЧ
Ҫֻͨһδν麣ڵ֮׳ôһ;ˡ
ΪģȥѰһԵİ
̫ΣˣҲܡ
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Ҫ֪ܵĻԾ֮ڼĺװβǾаһѣӴ
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֪һǶôĽң£ĽһԣͲָˣֻһδεĽ麣һ;
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ǵûгɹɱջ
ҡҡͷ
Ҳֻˡ
ֻȻûгȫһŲɡ
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ڷٷʱ
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ˣԲڣûз˵ټ
үվһ߰
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639 Ԯ
㸽
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Ҫ֪ʵѾоĳҪü麣ų⣬Ѿ𽥱ƽļޡ
ٹһ죬ξҪܲסò˻ɽ鷶Χˡ
̫֮ӵĻʵҪһô֧ŵס
Ӧòᡣԣ½ʦ΢ͣżٽҲûûµĻʱҲûˣ¡
弫ǿȻʵǣ麣ͣʱ䣬Ҫǡ½ʦ
ңҲҪ̫ģǵޣҪʲô£˻ռһ·Ȼ޷ǻϣֻҪ˻ţվǸϣ
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ڷڣǸǵĶ֡
ʶĿ½ʦžɫ
½ʦɫҲ쳣ѿƾԼΣǶԷĶ֡
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뵽Ǹ½ʦǲʡ
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貵Ľɫâڹϴ֮ϣγһʸ
һָ̣͵һɡ
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ϴ󹭵ǵԤ֮ϡ
ۿŶĮٴϴ󹭣Ҳ׷װΧ½ʦеľ¶
ǡĵر
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ĵر̫ǿˣ˵ȫˣھҲǲ̫ԶǱһ֣̾Ͳˡ
Ǹλãã½ʦǡо󣬷һ½ʦĵرҲӿ׹
½ʦǿ϶Σա
Ҳģ̼ӿٶȣȥɫѿ
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̫ˡ
ȻٵķȲǺܴ󣬵Ѿ㹻ˣΪţųӣҪ֪ڽ麣˶ԣµģһֱӵų
ѵ˵Ժ˼תʶڣȻ֣˿֮ת
ת麣ųСһ̶Ⱥ̺㶨ӡ


640 ɱ
ԣǲӡ
ϸ쿴˻ᣬܿǷֲס
麣ųǿʼȻڵ˿֮ҲǺЧĿǰܵų֮ǰСһء
֮ԻӵĴΪʱ̫ݣų԰ˡ
ˣַҲ÷Ϊ֮ݡ
ڵ֮һӣǳСֻ΢һ˿ԶԶԼȻ˿ֳĺôȴǳĴ
麣ų൱ڣӳ˷麣ͣʱ䣬ͣĸá
ңǺͷͬʱ麣˵Ļôųļ٣ҲǱǿ˷ʵòŻ̫ȥܵøôԶ
÷Ķģǰ
ڵ֮ǳСܼٵųҲޣǵԺǿڵ֮Ҳ׳һĳ̶ȣǷţ麣ųأ
Ҫ֪Щߣ麣ıȣǶһų
Ȼܸһȫ麣ųһʱڣȴʵһ
ǰδȻ÷Ķѡ
ǴʱչֳЩ㹻ˣɼ֮ǿ
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ųļ٣ӳǿʵҲ÷еȥԮ½ʦˡ
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ս˲䣬жʱεĸɱ⡣
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Ŀ䣬еĹϴ󹭣һʸ½ʦΡ
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½ʦ쳣ǱɫԴסɫʸ׶ҪȫԸܵסӵĹ
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оԵģ߼ܽ˺ɱ
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쵽ڣǲŸҶ֣֪ôɣǡǡ˻ǵļƻա
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ֱͬܵĻҪɱһˣҪ߶һ̫֮ӡ
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ȫ߶̫֮ӡ
һδ߶ס˽ɫʸ½ʦΡ
ڶδ߶Χ½ʦ߶̫֮ܲӾ顣
Σһ߾
ĴΣ̫֮쳹񷣬׷ܵĽӣɱ
ĴΣĴΣ߶̫֮ӣͽ˾ɱ



641 
̫֮ӣ
Ľӱ̫֮ӾɱæĹ״̬̫֮ӻصԼߡ
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һâ̫֮ڷɳǱ˦ģһŹϲӵĴ󹭡
ϴ󹭣ǽӵĵرڳΪ˷սƷ
ĵرûô׻ٵ̫֮ӵȻֲҲ޷ٵϴ󹭣
սΨһջҲϴ󹭡
ûоκοϧĵطĵرջ

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ԭʵܴ߶̫֮ʮβŻ;ƿݣ麣żѹʵΪټһ·ϣԼ;ʱǿֲ޹һΡ
ؼ÷ֻܴ߶̫֮ӡ
Ҳҿǣڵ֮ã麣ų÷ܶöһЩĴδ߶Ͳ֣ܳҲûգȫȺˡ

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ռɲ˵ĺõط˵ģͼϡҩʲôģصѡ

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642 һ
ռ䣬½ʦС
磬ʱ伫Լаҡ
͹Ƽ׼ȻصһˣͬʱҲҪʱ䣬ڵһĻһֱռ䣬ȻĶ̫󣬶ڵ򣬾Ͳš
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ܲµó˵ʲôʱȥ½ʦĺôȻǣҲԸȥһЩԸҪԼʵС
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ǰ½ʦЦЩʧһɨգǹ鱡ˣţĳɳٶȾԾˣҵȴô˵ء
û˵ڣҲΪԵʣ麣Ǿһģǲ˼˵ڡ

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һԳңּͣ˴ξ˳˼ۺ죬ֱӾʹ֣ƫƫʵ˭Ҳκβ˭˽һ˵ģǵˣǶԱ˴˵ĵƶʮ˽⣬Էֳʤ
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ϵļαװȻι̲ȥ¶Ļһ鷳
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սеһݣû뵽ƫƧĵطȻˣĺǣǸֲ˶Էλá
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ĿһɨܿͷˣפڲԶļˣлѩźãŴ֣ûоǣֱա
ףǸŹֵĽУôһţ
쳣죬̻㱨ȥ
Ϣȥлѩ˶ʱˣϸѯϸ֮󣬲˿
·
һ߰࣬Сı仯ǼҲǽһ룬С綼ԵþȻлѩĹ͡
ţѩ˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵лѩ˳
뿪елѩԵЩļµĻ㱨УȷϣӦǷǱˣһУææĸ˳ڵʵԶԷУٶȺ
ѩҪֿ
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646 һǳһ磨£

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ǣϹܼҼ֣Ҳ֪¹شѸԼٽһ顣
Ԫ麣󣬴ʢйȻ緽ϣûǰ麣ļƻʧ̫󣬶һ˵ջҲǾˣȻˣҲͲÿɫˡ
Ҹӵĵλһӱ᧿Σмλĸ߲㣬λ侳߲ҲᵽͷϣΪǷĻδػҸҲܵ˲Щ߲ҪϳҸɱйߡ
ҸȻ֪еλϵı仯Ҳ׼ǻᱻ˶ԴҲ󲻵
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һ޽СľȻԶԶ߳߸һȼġ
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683 ܵõʲô
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磬ӵϴضоʹǵĴ˵һֱ꣬Ǹ磬һЩʣǸ˺ܴ鷳ڵϵ˶ˣҺܳʱ䶼ûٴι
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ֿܣҪǽȥЩӦԵһֿܣӦԵڶ֡
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ԿĻɫ棬š
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ģҲԼ麣ʱҦҾѾǵĺĳԱ
һһ龧Ө͸ľҦҡ
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ġ
Ʒֻ侳۷弶ıս˴ˡ
Ψһǣ鱦ҪĲڶ࣬ᾧеһˡ
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Ҧҵң㹻Դ鱦ȻǰǷṩıᾧ
Ҧҵ꣬ʱ鱦ͱչˣҺǼȲᾧڷܳܵķΧ
ҦĳһóʧҦҲӦ˹˵
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ҦҺܿǶȥȲҪʼ鱦ˡ
ҪȫԸʼս˰૵ĿԶ
֮Լʱ䡣
һս޿ɱ⣬ҷһҪӮ
Դʱ˵Ǿްԡ
ǰ벽ܵĳǿߣڶ侳ǿߣԶǵġ
Ȼǵķչͷȴ˲Ŀÿһ
ⳡսȻҪȫԼʵӦսȫԼ
˵λ벽ˣЩ侳ǿ߳սܰҪ³
սû˻ģѪԼԼڣҲûжãҪģҪһ㣬õİ취鱦
ĵر鱦ܼ󻯵µʵǿǵģǿʤϣֻܺʹһս
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һͿҦҵŬˡ
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ĺϣͣһɫۣš
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һСӰھ˼֣ҵսһ

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ڳĴӣΧСӰԣţӰ޴в
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ǰ϶˵Ͼӣʱȴûаܵ˼
ֻݣ෴Ƿ֣ǡ
ȵļԦ̫֮ӣҪһսԼʵ
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ҪԦʹ̫֮ӣҪĴ̫ˣȻ۷״̬Ҳ޷ϵʹȥ˼Σֻݳ̫֮ӵĿͷ󣬷˳˻ѭš
ķʽȻҲҪԵķҪС̫ˣֺܼܳһʱ䣬ȱ̫
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¶ŵɫٶȣļʸҪĿԼͣȻ˲䱻ͣ͵ʱգȴǸıһʵļʸȫ˲䣬͵ǰ
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Ȼ̫֮Ǻε֮ǿǷ״̬ĺˮҲ׻˷ݵĹ
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һӣֻ侳۷弶ķݣͷֱˡ
ûгʤ׷
ֻģҪɱʱȴ߻˻֣˼ԣǲˡ
ֻݵǻۣ࣬׾˷˼
˻ᣬֻҲûԥȥΨַı⡣
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һʱ䣬Ѿܶˣʵǿ֮սʤȡ˲Ϣ֮䣬һӿƺ̣ܶʵȴ쳣ǿ
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־ٰһᣬȻûĵرĵرҲ÷չˣһĵرһȵķ
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ⲻʱֵ֮ԵʣΪɽͬܣΪ¯
ڵĴ¯ֻܽĵرȣϾͲˣҪԼĳɳԼľߵĵȽס
ʱ֣̫֮֮ӡƾǣ»Ը˴Ǹ벽ܡ
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ɵģɾǴİ벽ܡ
ʱֶ֮סǸ벽ܣͬʱ𹥻
ļʸٶȹ죬Ӧúʱͣ͵ʱ䣬öԷȥº˵Ǹ벽ܡ
̫֮ӣǿٶȲʱͣȡʱ䣬Ҳ
ܽӽһľ룬һᡣ
Ѷе󣬶Էɷӽ̫֮ҲδһӾ͸ɵһλ벽ܡ
Ǿ˵㰡ҡҡͷͨʱ̫̣Ȼÿν麣ץʱҲԶԶ̫֮ǿĵرԦʮǿ
һûжȥɻ躣ۡ
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۴ͷϡ
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ЩɫԷޱȵ



693 ͨ
ֱ麣ռɳռʱǽһ꣬ڷע⵽󣬸ǰ˻֮ԣϼȡŻ֮
µĽǣʮöɫ
΢һУꡱУһöɫϵ䣬ɵ˷ġ
ߵɢޱ˵㡣
ΪǰԷã࣬ûҪ˷ѣҲʹûвһʵ뷨ڡԥ£̲סҧһڣڷ㣬ڼϱһɹůڣһûз仯
һ˵ΪֹˣΪԷãҲκε
ζǲζ£ţɫͻȻ΢䣺ףǡ
ɵůѸʧֻʣһЩֳЩ谵ĻɫԻ֮ǵĳ֣һֱûʲôĬĬ麣֮ĽУƺǱˣı仯
һжȻֳ㡣
һ㣬ȻǱŲ䣬˳ʱ뷽תţ֮ȻڲȴʱķתŽڲתһ˿˿ɫ֮ӿ˳ͻɫһ𣬷ž˵ɱ䡣
ܿ췢֣֮޿ײ͸ÿһ֣׳壬ͬʱþûнľҲǷ
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оĲǿ󣬷ϲ⣬һ˼Ҳ˹
壬ҪԶһͨǿ󣬲Ϊ֮ĵȼߣҲΪ˻֮
ŵԣȱҲУǾľ
ĵޣֻҪ֮Լľ磬С
Ȼ˴֮ȴΪȱ˻֮ٶȻͺñǵ·ȻԶԶû˫㱼Ŀ졣
ȡ˻֮ʵȴֲ˷ȱݡ
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ͨΪγɽǳڣڽеγǳڣ۷ı־ǳͶӰ麣γɵͶӰȻͶӰ麣Ǻռֳ麣һģһ
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ͬãڲĻ֮١
Ҫ֪ȻͨڣʵǣԦĵرҲάָʱ䣬ΣĵرĶǼ䷽ڻͬʱĵرĸǴĺˣָܻ״̬Ե쳣
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һͨ۷壬ǷκԥΪʵͻͽȻܣָ״̬Ϊá


694 ɱ侳۷
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緽ģδ֪һˣ֮麣ĵص㣬һֻ侳۷弶ıϳ
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˵ֱΡ
Ȼһ·ϣ躣ϣҲս˷Щ޷ǿߴݿɱһʼ𾪵˵ľյ˵йľˡ
ǣܿ췢Լˡ
ģŵ£κһֵĶõȥ
Ǵ
ӿĴӣΧסŴͣĲ˼顣


ӿ쳹գţںδ
ˣˡ
žţź˵ɱ
һŭʬ
İΪĲŭֹǷʬô򵥣´ҪѪɺӡ
ȻʱβôŭҲ޼¡
Χ˶û˸ʱС

δشĹ֮ǰܾõӣһβܺõȥ˵󲿷˶ˣʵ½ǿĻֻܵĸס
ҲҪƻָһսʸ
ڼ䣬һֱΧǣ


ǿǴƽԭǿ֮һ
һΧס޴룿飬һȥֻǶݵʱ䣬Զ޷ĳ衣
ΪƽԭĴЦԶڳϣ̸ʱ򣬲뵽ٹ⣬ֻῴǵĳ衣
飬Բ
Ҫ÷Ѫϴһ裬˿Ĵۡ
㷽Ҫ󣬽Ԩȡȥ붼û²ԨҲһ
ܵͷ
кâţɱǿԼ侲ŶԲߣЩóġ
գɫţϿ£һ𽳵֮С
ݡͺȵ
ֻӶųҷ𽳵գȥ
ΧĽԽԽ٣ȴԽԽɭϡ
ٹһ̴ӣ𽳵һǰȥ
һξΧĿռã·һռ䣬һΰϵӴ󹬵š
Ŀ꣬Ϲ
˵غҲǱùǰţûκϹ֮Уһȥͨ
ڡ
ϣһ뷢԰׵ߣȻͨϵǣȴԶΪĲҪء
ˣǴĵߣڣ벽ܼĳǿߡ
ڣǷ۸ˣܣĶ֣ڳ֣ɱⲣϴҴĳ衣
ģΨһеİ취
ȻҲ֪ܴ߶̫֮ӶãǿйĻܽˡ
ԶҪİ
÷ȥȻǴĳ裬Ψнķնɱϴѩ
ȥҲֻڳˡ
˵꣬͹ڵأȴڵĻش
Ϲ˳֮С

úһ̾ϢŴϴڳ̾һ
淢£᲻֪̾Ϣ
ʵûǿϢͱˣȻֱ̫֮Χǣûг֡
ڡиĸо
Ȼ֪ǣҲܳ֡Ȼһ仰ĴԨ
Ϊʲôڣĵؽе
ѵͷηҫ뵽ڴҧѪмȵķŭͲʡ
֮Լڵ
ǡ⡣
Ⲣǿͷϵĳŵҡҡͷ򣬿˾˵ٶ׳ǶŵҲ֣ǺͷɱҡңҲδػܷ֣ҳ֡
ͷ
һ㲻ɷϣһ벽Ǻεȿ£ƽԭϾ޵еĴڡ
͵ϮĻ·ôĶ֪
Ҳ֪ʱ̵ʱվڷǱߵġ˵
ľţδпͻΪܵеĵλߣȻܵ۹Ĳ¼ɣѡԪݣǴӲ£ڻеĻȨأûһ˸С˵Ļ۹ĻʵҲҪһ
ȻǴķأûƫǣĻҲû˺ӣ˲֮ԼΪԼǱǩѪԼ
ֵܶģҰȻܵɡ
ԳЦЦ
ԭΪ֮ԼֻǸҲΪ󣬷ǻǴɶвҲΪ棬֪
˵̾˿ûм˵ȥ
䡣
ֱʱ֪֮Լ飬ڴ۹󣬾ȥǺͷ鷳
Ҳû˵£Ϊû˽ǿǼƻɱӺ
ȵ𣬷չֳǿʵǸоһЩвӶСϡ
û뵽ķӦȻ˵ļңֱɱ˴
ֱһ̣ҲûΪδ֡
֪

һ̣ҧгݣҲˡ
û£ʲô֮ԼĻзͱΪƽˣҲܽյ衣
ǳԶˡڳֵǱߣҲռ
ⷬ粵
ȳ֣Υ˲ֵܶԼɱǰǵĸǷȣվסš
ɱϳҲǻã˭Ǽˡ
ҵеٮٮߣסһʱƽ˾Űɣȵһһնɱˣϴѩĳ衣ֱʱ¶˵ķâǣƺ˼ǧǰѪ
ʧǵ뿪⴦ռ䡣
£̴ӵѯţ𽳵ǰţĿġ
ȥǰ档عһĸ£ǿеĲʺͷŭԸȥѲԨͳȥסҪκˡ
һֱΧȥ
ʱһ̣ȴȥˣһ붼Ǵĳ衣
Ԩû˿ֵλȻѾȡᡣ
ԣĸ¶ʱ¶ŵɫ̾ͻعӦһ
Զ͵߬ȭͷָ׺ݺݴѪС

ţ
ƺƵ̫֮Уһӿţسظ
ɫһ̫֮Ӷʱɳһ֧ǵ͵˷ǰ
Ⱥ
ǲԨƿص鱦ʧ
ʱսҲԹˣûעȺ䣬Ϊ˻ȥ֪Ȼ⡣
ԨǳȺƿţʱ֮ʣͳȺʱѾȥȻ޷ݣˣڲԨӡȥǰҲǲݲˣսʧ̫֮ӻܣղ鱦˷С
սƷǿ
ȻûпȺ
ˣûзÿʱÿ̶й̫֮ϣͼ俪
Ȼ̫֮һ壬һܻӵֵ֧Ԯͨں̫ܷ֮ӳܱǰǿ
ͺñǣǰܳƿ̫֮ӣ߶ҲǼΪѣֱֱֻǿĵرеɳζǴʱȴҪĶ࣬ʽ仯ǿĺˣųĹʣԲӲڶǿߡ
ȻҲǼġ
ˣ
Ŀһע⵽˴һƫƧģ˻ﻹһԹȥˡ
΢̫֮ӶʱһССѺֻۣһͨ
˼״ʱ˿ڵģôء
˳Ѻ۳ֱӷ躣ۡ
ڳĺˮǵأڵߣѿټ˷еĽǶҲǼΪ꣬ûб˲
ǲԨʬ壬֮ǰѾˣȥ˹˲Ԩʬ塣
ǰˣĿһһָʱһԨʬж£֪û˵ѡ
֪ˣαص΢΢ҡͷһ𣬽Ԩķ顣
Ҳ⡣
˹Ǽǿģ𽥸еûеڶöˣȻԷͷ˳ȥ
~
ˮӿţʼջء
ˣҪˡ
Ҿ֪֧Ŷá
̫֮ӵı仯̱˲̫֮ӣԦ躣Ѹȥһʱ件衣
ϲ£ȫµ÷֪Сһ侳ǿæ򲽺ϲ
̫ǿˡ
ڿȥȻ˵˷ܡ
Ȼûѻ˵ꡣ
ž~
һ˦ϣ⧲£侳ǿߵڵײ·ײ˴Ƭ
΢ע⵽һƬѿ˼㣬а㻶ϲӡ
ʱǲ͵ػعܷ˲ˣ涼ǣˡ



701 
躣ۺգٶȾˣܿ죬󷽵ͱһС㣬ʧ
ʯ֮вʣߡ
ԭûʲôϣΧȴޱȣҲһ˿ϣڷߣȻ̲סЩʧ
û
ĿӴķջأƽ
þա
ڲǾսʱ
ĵ̼ǿķϵǼǿ󣬼Ƿ򲻽ȥֻ̫֮Χǡ
򲻽ȥͬģҲ
Ȼʱ䳤ĻͶԷˣԲҪþգϾĿҲﵽˣ˲Ԩʬ壬һ׷ɱûа׷ѣסԼܣͬʱҲɱǰ˾ɱһ

ͨ
ʯ֮ͻȻ֮ʯԽмɣǡ
뵽ȥͬ飬ԼΪԼɣ壬ʯԽо̲סˮĬĬţɣ壬ǰĵȥɣΪǱˡ
мĻʯԽ˵ˣ֮ǰæ׷ԨҲ廰Ҵ˷ֱ˿̣űм֮顣
һ֣һεʱʯԽ
лҡ̾˿ҲǱǣˣҪǣǲǵĻҲ١
ʯԽæҡͷʯԽҹˣ飬˭û뵽ģǴ׼񡣡
ⷬʯԽ˵ĺܳϿңΪĵλԼǿʵ˵ΥĵĻôġ
ǨŭͷϣǴ
Ͼʯ֮ǵһ֧ɱ֮ǰһЩɱƲǧˣûѡȴǼǰȻҲһķա
Ȼʯ֮û뵽ɱ˻ǿ󣬱Ͼ֮ǰɱ侳ǿԭΪԷҲǣ֪ԷȻǴʵ֮ǿ
ʯ֮ʲôݣЩĿʯԽһۡ
ûбŭͷԣǷǣǸ
ʯ֮ĴӡʯԽ
΢΢ͷ
ѹ֣ԭһ֮ӡ
£ʯԽȻ˵ʯ֮Ѻ޹أҶһЩ
˰ֹ֣Ҫ˵ʯԽһĲǷ;£Ҳǵơ
ʯ֮ʧһ侳ǿߣ԰ɡʵ
ʯԽ۾죬˵ͷ
ʯ֮ɲʲôܹҲֻһ侳ǿߣԤʯ֮δע˷Ʈҡ³֮
һᲹǣṩ㹻麣ᾧǵһˣͻƵ侳
ǸѡָҪø˭͸˭ԼҪҲԸš
һ˻һˣȻһһô򵥣ģҲˡ
̾Ϣ
ԭѡʯָ֮ʯԽı֣ȴ÷ʱʯԽָ
ʯԽסˡ
û뵽ĺô
ʯ֮ðոǣμһεᣬõᾧʯ֮侳ǿ߶һλ
Ǳᾧ࣬δĵˣҲܰٷְٱ֤ɹͻơ
ڣȻŵṩ㹻ıᾧǵһͻơ
ллʯԽķӦ޴ľϲæлͬʱǸѡҲˡ
ԼɣŮһλ۷ߡ
һеҲ࣬ɣĺԣҲһõĽ
΢΢һЦҲǷ
ţ
ͻȻɫ΢䡣
͵վ漴ĿصԶ
ֻŵĵطռ粨ư㵴һͨߴ粽
һĿͶ˹ɢǿƣ·ǵڸԼͳ
벽ܣǴλڡ鲻䣬̲³˶Է
Ǵĵ̣Զֵİ벽ܣֻһλ
벽Ρ
Цһǿƴֱͦ߷ͥû˿·硣
ͨں󣬷ʵƾĻţͰ벽һս
ûĻôֱΧǡ
ĵЩ侳ǿߣߵĻȷʵǶ֣еκһ¡
ߡ
ŭɫһŷĿгʵʰɱ⡣

߿ڣͬգĿֱŷ
һұն㡣
ĻشԼֻ࣬һ֡




702 
㡭
߲Ȼŭɱ¶Ϊ벽ܣһʲôʱĻ壬˲
϶ֵĻΧǵʱ͸ó֣ܳ˵ҪնɱңЦЦ
ŭ۾ˣʢŭ֮£Ҫ̲ס֣һ뵽ѪԼǿаסŭż󣬲ƽһֿ˵Ŀݺݵĵ˷һۣת֮Уʧ
Ȼҳ֡Ц
ҲµóΧǵʱ򣬶Էûӡ
ǿţҲΪԼʮλ侳һ벽ܵĹΧǡ
߳ҪŵݻһصӰˡ
ȥɡ
һλع飬ͨ裬ûκεš

˵ϢǴ߰Ѹٴƽԭ
𾪡
ǡ
˵ǰʱɱǵЩˣȻǴɳģĿľΪ˶ǵķչ֪һŭ֮£ֱնɱˣü侳ǿ߰
ֹһˣǷһ·ֱ׷ߣһֱ׷˴ֱôţ
ôô
˴ʮ侳ǿ߰ĵرΧס˴գǿǴ·ģҿһĻ޺ˡ

ƵĻ⣬Ǹţƽԭ̸Ŵ£Χĳˡ
ӷΧǿʼڣͳԨʬ壬÷ȥǰʱ乲ưա
ΪԸ˵
ϢˣһӦǲš
ǰôء
ǿǴƽԭǿ֮һϣ޼һ·ɱңǻ˴ڶǿߣΧǰˡ
ֱһЦЦݻ˼㣬еӵ˶š
ʷϣǴûΧġ
µ͸˶֮ԱǣΪ췽ҹ̷
Ȼ̬ķչȴ𾪡
ΪϢˣǣһЩ
ǴΧһЩ
շ׷ɱԨһ·Ͼǵķ򲻱䣬׾ܲ³յĿġ
һЩǿߣͳŴҳһŵʱ˽ȥĿһսû˸ҿڼԶۿһսӰǵص̫֮ӺԶǿϷȫˣҲƲࡣ
¼һǣȴһԡ
ǲǲһսǸͲزס
ԽԽһ˼¼գƽԭˡ
졣
ǧ׳ٵģҲֻзһˣƾһ㣬͹⻪ҫܱ֮ȣڴʳ˳ǡ
µǰھǳĵͣ˱ġ
棬ȷʵǶˡ
ǵǼĴ
Ϣ˵ģͳ˲Ԩʬ壬ŻȥͲΧǰô򵥣˵ΧʮҲпܡ
дڳ֣Ҳһ֣ŵƨ
ЩԣȻǳʯ֮Ŀõµģ˷⣬ҲֻʯԽˣ̫Զ
Ȼʸڷϣʵ
ȻΪȱ֤ݣŵ˲࣬ʣԴԣѩϼ˪
ȴǳֳһɳͷ
ʯ֮Ĳ˳̣ǵһʱѹ˰

Եı仯ǵ෴ڴ
չֳǿʵκβá
֮ԼΪǻʤȻ䱩ǣڵķչͷһ֪ɳֵزпܴ漣
Ȼּɡ
ĽǵķչȻǺ¡
ĳҪǵ˻еĳԱ˵ǿļһиԸμǾٰᣬµ˴
صǺҲǾʼϴڲϲ˱׷
ĴϴȻЩӰ죬ȴǺԥҲǵ֤Ҳûֳʲô˻Ѫ
һƬá
Ҳ˿
ڵƷչȥڽһڣǱȻһɳ죬侳ǿߵϣ˵⡣
һ㼫ҪϾ֮ԼҪԵģλ벽ܣдʮλ侳ǿߡ
һա
ǣͻȻɫһ
һռɳ
Ŀɨ˳Ӧ̽麣ļƻｻģһ飬Ҫ̸۹



703 һ鱦
̽麣ļƻҪʼˣ
Ժʶĸͷܿ죬ͱҡͷ
̫С
һ׶ûС
ҲΪʹ֮ǰǵķûص˳̶ȡ
ȥ˾֪
ûжȥ׼ǰ۹ʱȴǳһ⡣
~
һ·ʲôڳը˿漴ǿ
ôĵӡ
оɺεкâһܿüо

ѵ˵
һ漴˳ȥ
Ѿҳһţǵ˶ĵطϣǹ
ˡ
ˡ
֣⣬ǵ˷׷񣬷΢΢ͷ첽˽ȥ
Ҧҵĵȫ棬϶Ǿ֮ɫߣǿѪ˲ˣûжԼƣȫڼҵţȻǵصԨڵ䡣
˴˵أ׵ĸоǹǿ𣬽Ķ¥俪һ󶴣λĵصԨ
ʲô£ʵ
ˡһӭҦҵĴӣѹ⡣
ѹ飬־֮мżȵĿܣټĽ龭һ顣
ԭһգҦҺԼĵӣڵĵصԨҦҲһ
ӷõᾧҦȫĵͶ鱦֮С
󲿷ʱ䣬ֻֻ벻֣Եһ춼֮ǰУʧܵ鱦ߣôᣬ·ǰһŮǺںķƷ
ֵĴ٣󲿷ʱ䣬˼á
ÿһζ֣ԿҦҵĽǲһ㣬·￴Ҧ޷ͻһؼ
죬ҦҲһ֮ǰķƷ
ȻѹΪҲôȹʱҦȴͻȻƵģȡһƷ
һǳӽ鱦İƷˣΪʼղһ㣬ҦҾûмȥϾѵá
һΣҦȴֱƷ϶ѹ˶ȻûŪô£ͱǿֱ˳ȥò˳ֻʣҦһˡ
ˣϵĻʦͻ鱦ʦ϶еġѹ˷ܡ
ҽȥ
Ҳ̲סЩܡ
ɹĻǵһ鱦ˣȻѾǶģ޷ƣҦҳɹĻʹŻи鱦󻯵ǵʵ
һ
ӿţŰݺᣬޱȣ͵صԨһ㣬侳µˣ޷
һǹڷǰɢ͵Ĺâ
пĿͻ棬˲ƽһ㣬˽ȥ
ĺڵصԨ𣬶ͻԴҲ档
Ŀȥ
ֻֻ̬ķݺţһ֮УҦ档
ʱѾӽβ
~
һԶԶ֮ǰĿֲȻ䣬ӵصԨӿΧұڶԾ˵ٶڻţµ
˵ˣСǶҪƷɡ
üͷһ塣
һĶܵǵҲѸٱţչֳǳݣͬʱǿҲǺֱ£ӲĽصԨӿĺѹ˻ȥӿҪϳ壬û˿ãѹĶá
ǿڷǰȻǲ
ֽ̧һˣ¶ϲɫĳ뵽̫֮ӵȱݱֲʱ̣Ȼ䱬Ŀֲ
Ȼ鱦Ѿɹˡ
·ѸٱҲǳ
һӰӵصԨҦҡ
ˣ̫ˣ̫ˡҦҷǵûʲôϲ֮ɫһͷ亹
ղŵйжôֲģԭΪԼ˴Ļɢ
鱦ĿҦϡ
ҦִһѰɫĳĹԴӳӿֳʮǿ
Ȼһ鱦
ûĵһ鱦û뵽ڳɹһ̣Ȼᱬ˿ֲҺóļʱ򡭡Ҧһ£ĺ
ҲǵһΣûо飬Ҳ֣ԺҪٷ¾ͺáûпҦңϾҦҲû뵽
ҲҿҦҼյͻƣڽգȷȥ۹ڶͻƣǺ¾޷ˡ
ҦͷڴӦ鷢
һշȷѰɫҪȣǱȳȺҪһ
Ҧǵһγɹ鱦ĳɹɼ֮ѣ֮ϵľ
ҲҦҾһ̶ͣȥڶ鱦
Ļ˵ɹһκ󣬶ԣ͵̥һ㣬ͻͽ鱦Ҫ죬ȴ״̬õʱ򣬳ɹڶ鱦ĿԼ
ӣҲȷʵǳֹûɾܾ
Ȼƻ̥С
һε˷ǰûˡ
ȱٵģǱĽᾧĲϡ
ΪѰɫҦѾþĴʣĲڶ鱦
ЩϣȻ籾ôֵҲǼΪ߰
һͷжЩϵļ۸ҲȻǣǺ¡
Ҫȫ֮߰
ǣЩͷۡ
Σ鱦϶Ҫţ֮ԼǰҪܵǿµʵҪĲҲǸ֡
֪۹ܲṩЩϡ
ԸʼչЩϣ̤躣ۣѸٸ۹



704 쾳
۹Ԫݣ
һͨ󣬷ܿ
鷿ڡ
⣬һˣһĿƵߣȻûп⣬ϵĹ֮ʢȴ˿ҲĴ
΢ݡ
ܣһ磬ȻһޣһɲĸоΪ
ҽһ¡ĿںϣһЦλǰ壬ȣǽ쾳ĵޡ
ߣȻĻ塣
⻹ʲô𾪵ģһ仰
쾳
һģǿһλˣͨ߳һ󾳽硣
ǰæ
ǺǣÿͨڣȻӢ۰͵ʱ򣬿ԶԶ㡣ΪԶڷ׾Ϳ˷ľ磬ûʲôӣŷ̾
˷ֱ¡
үǡȡ
ﲻƳһۡ
Ŷ⣬̽麣ļƻǰˣƽԭ飬̫˳ԾˣȲҪ֪ϸڣԾһˣƻʵеʱѾˣٸģŲţû𡣡͵
ʲôʱ򣿡ʵ
󡣡ԥ
Ȼ
ȻһǺʹ֮Լһսٹ꣬̽麣ʱ
ûΪʹĳͻѡƻ
Ҳá
ԴĹϵȻ̽ռһϯ֮أֹһˡ
ɲϣΣص죬Ҫʱӱĵӡ
ٲμļƻ
Ҳôġ
˵˵ߴٵ
̫ˣֱҽΧգ´󣬲ƽԭΧĳҲΪ֮𶯡
ȻҲ⣬˶ݺݵ˰ѡ
һЦҲûΣǰ˵һ飬ͳԨʬͣԼڳ֣ҲûĵˣûάȤ
Ц
ԵĿʮʹ졣
ڵ۶λԼʸϣûᶨƵվڷͦͶԷ̬ҲǷֲģʱԷԱȻг졣
û뵽ô̵ʱ㾹Ȼ˴ľϲﾪ̾ѡ
ķչ֮죬ҲԶԶ
֮Լû÷ҲΪżֶµġ
û뵽Ĵ漣ڱֳǿʵʱ˵ܴܴǲڽ¡
еĶҲǳС롣
Ǽᶨվڷߵģܣ᲻ıգﵹǲںԶȨģЩЩλҪͷ۵£ιء
˵ˣзأֻҪ˫ֹϵãҲȥֹܶסķչ
ȻȫˣðķĲСҡͷ
һλ벽ܣԼڶ侳ĻҲδֵ˺á
Щƣȥ޻
ȷʵУҲһİգΪǸ벽֣ܲЩ侳Ļ޾塣һЦ
Ŷоһ
˵Ҫлү˴ңҷķչʱҾɣΪǱֵ̫ˣͲĳ֣Ĩв
ҲΪǻʯͷԼĽŵĴ£үҲƣԸ񣬲޵ķʸҷķչǿ϶˵֮ԼǿԵģΥҲðһ
ֱжΣգһ
ˡ
ЧǳĺãȻðһķգջҲǼ󣬽⡣
ɱ˲Ԩ̽˴ʵҪǣûб¶̫ࡣ
ʱֺ֮Ͷһסˡ
̫֮ӵĴڣͱ¶ˣҲ̫⡣
һİգҶ֣Ҳ̫ˡ
ҪһնðȻǲܵġ
ڣûС
û뵽еǰһѡЦԷҲѡ
Ļδܲ׽ôϢ
ҲǷĹ֮
Χĵرܲҿһۣ˵󲿷ʱ䶼ͻȻڵ
һ
Ҫ̫֮ӣ
ԡûжԥ
Ӧôʹ죬˶Էǽ쾳ޣԼ⣬Ҳǳǿź͵
ţ¶Էʲô⣬вԼ
һ΢ͺǰ
ǿĵرɫ΢䣬Ķ̫֮ӣȻ˵һǽӽȵĵر
·ǿϡ䱦һ㣬Ŀһ
һһˣҲǻҪ뿴ĵرһԽ͵
˵ı壬麣һ૵
˵ͷ
Ҫ̫֮ӵѣϾǰ½ʦġ
̫֮ӣҲǽӽȰˣǰǽ쾳ޣĵرȱɡɻ
ǽ쾳ޣһӽȵ̫֮ӣķۣ
ȣЦã̸ס
֪ĵر֮ǿջĿ⣬ŷ
֪ʵҡͷ
ĵرȽԽ߾ԽǿĵȺȣǱϵĲˣǵһԾһȣȴر𡣡
ԡͬȺĵȼֱ֮
ͬģķԾԽԽȺĵȵĲ࣬ĵȺȵĲ໹ҪĴҲĵرܸõ⡣
£ͷ
ĵرĵĵر֮Ĳ࣬Ǵס
ĵĵر񾳶δвĵĵرɱ侳
ȺȵĲ࣬ԶԶȺĵȵĲ֪࣬ĵر벽ܣ׺ɱ
𾪡
û뵽ĵرȻǿ˷˼ĵز
벽ܶ׺ɱܣ̫֮ǿĲһǰ㰡
æš
ѵõĻ;飬Էǽ쾳ޣ֪Զöࡣ
ĵرҪ쾳ƿأĵرĽ쾳޺ûĵرĽ쾳ޣȫſȺִĵرĽ쾳ޣĽ쾳磬޵еĴڡ
ǣ̫ˣ̫̫ˡȻҲûĵرĽ쾳
ûĵرûбϵı仯
ҲôˣȻǽ쾳ʵδǿ١
磬ĵرҲֱֻʥء˫ں̫ɽһλУֻˣųƵĽ쾳ǿߡоĽ
һĵر֤һԾΪǿĴڡ
̫ɽ
΢˵һ˼ܿͷӦ
̫ɽǶɢָȥһλӵĵѣΪܸϵָ𣬷ûж˼ΪҲ̫ɽ·ûĵطƵģһֱûиж
û뵽Ŀٴ̫ɽ
Ҳǿģ֪ҪΪߴ󳬼֮һ岻֪£Ǻˡ
ҲǺȻ
˼̫ɽλȻĵر޵ˣû뵽ɢ˾ȻԼȥ
ͬһˣ̫ɽӵĲֹһλޣ
ܴ֪̫ɽλá
΢ûмʳڣϾǳԶԶûøʱ򣬼ԺҪʣҲҪһ̸ɲС
ǰߵĵرأһᣬûм˵ȥ̲סʵ



705 ǳ
ȽԽߵĵرжǿûʲôԸ⽲֪ʶȻԸ
֪ĵرоŵȣһţȽԽԽߣĵر֮ǿˣôߵȵأɻ

ûôԥó̫֮ӸۿҲһЩøУҲʲô֪ʶҲû
֮Բ˵Ϊ̫ңԶû˵ıҪ
ߵĵرһԾǳľ޴ԾߵȺ֮Ĳ࣬ǰ֮ĲȫҪ౶ƽ˵һΣûʲô֮ɫΪߵĵرʵ̫ңԶˡ
ഫߵĵرӵԣǰȽ׵ĵرѾ˱ϵĲͬδڵģһգܣȴ˵
һ
û뵽ߵĵرȻǿֵز
˵ﰡصĳǲ˼ǿǶȹѵĴ˵İǿ飬ϵĴڣǴܼǿߣڴ˵ǰǲһ
ѹû˵ȥ
û塣
ߵĵرҲֻ֪ˣһǼģߵȴδţĴ̬֪
ڰ˵ĵرǸǳķˣ˵ȹѵĴ˵ﶼĶ֣ŵǺǣͲڣģһĵرļ¡
ܽˡ΢΢ͷ
һԣҲЦ磬ûߵĵرģЩǰĴ磬ſܼɣμƻ麣ɹҵǣлʶ
ʶҲû塣ƲƲ죺˵òˣĵõҲòˡ
ԽϣҪʹĵرҪӦľ硣
ȣҪͨ
ȣҪ쾳
ߵȣҪľ
м˴ﵽľ磬һûеģ쾳޵ļˡ
ҡͷ
ῼ̫ʵʵĶ
Ⱥôָߵȣ˰ɡ
ľôǰûзŹ̵Ļᣬ۽缫ΪҪȵõһĵرȻҲ֪֮½ʾһ޵Ǳ죬ǻкֲ𣬱֮ʲôġ
˷һۡ
ǺǣʱҲһʵʣҲǳɳ·ϲɱģΪԼһУı컹ߡǺЦûʲô˼ǳһڿ󱲵ɱʱĻһЦ
Ա֮½ԣԶȺҪҪһ㡣
һСŬļʮ֮࣬Խ󣬺ŬЧԽ
һǱܴﵽһģҪǱ֮½ʣ
úķʽ֮ʲôģܰͻƵͨ쾳Ͳˣ˵ľ
һʽϲĵ˵ҵһ磬׾ͻƵͨ쾳ˣῨס󲿷ˣСܴﵽ磬ͨ޻вٵģ쾳ȴȿ
ڶľҪĿԨ֮֮½ʣܰɴﵽͨǽ쾳Ԩ֮ɲǱ֮½ʺþ͹ģҪ½Ԩ֮Ҫ
ı֮½ģ˵һ֣Ҳ޷֤۳Ԩ֮ľ
ЦЩɬ
Ȼû½۳Ԩ֮ģעԶܿľʼ½Щڣ½Զٳ֣֮ǰǶ٣ԺǶ١
ԲŻ˵½ǵ޵֮أؼĻڡ
Ŀûп
ֱ˿̣˽ԼƣȷĸУһλá
ʼ½УԨ֮İ
δز۵Ļﵽľ˳£һ㣬ͳеޡ
ĳѵҲ磿
ö֪һĻܣ͸¶ˣҲûðȥʡ
ҪУҵ˵磬ȷʵǴ롣
ҵˣҲãֻǱδ֪أʹ˴ﵽľ
Դ󡣡
ĬĬ˽ȭͷĿ
ʵĴﵽ˶ľҲûʲôô˵˴ﵽ˶ľҲһʼ򣬲˵Ȼͬĵرڸ߾ӳǿҲڿš
˵ִĵرĽ쾳Ľ쾳ͬĵִߵĵرĶľĶľҲһǿ͵Ľ쾳ˣ޷ֿ
ûм˵ȥ˼Զߵĵرڴ˵
ǻ𣿡΢
һ޵ʵҪĵر
󣿡ҡҡͷܣԽ󣬾Խ޷ĵرȣһ޵ʵҪĵرϣԽԽԡ
㶣ûз
Ȼĵײͬǳ֮ǿԲĵرǿ
̫ԵʣԼͿˣûҪ潲

ǽ쾳ޣʶ㲩ĺ֪ܶʶ÷ǳ
ĵڣҲ£ʱʱĽڣ÷Ŀһ¡
㻹л壿һת΢ЦǺεݣƽʱڻڲǺٽ֪ʶģٵָ㣬ó棬ͶԵ
лǰҲûн顣
Щ֪ʶȷʵǳãм
ǺǣҲǺͶԵ˰֣һסһʱ䣬ʲôɻĻʱʡ
Ҳǲͼرģ̽麣ʱлĵرĻᣬҪҲǡЦ
˼ǶԷ֮Լżġ
ĵر麣ϣпܳ֡һԽһ䣺ҲǣܵõһĵرһиҲֵˡ
æӦǡ
һ뿪ˣ鷿ֻʣ·ˡ
ĹϵǸһЩ
Ͷɢн飿ͻȻʵ
˼ת˵ͷйһ֮Ե
ǺǡЦߵ棬ʥؼɢ˵ʱλǰ˵㣬棬ǲˣ֪Ǻ󣬻ϣʵĹһ¡
λǰ΢ǰɻҲǻȻ⡣
ѹôƿ
̫֮ӣû˿ͷ
һ֮ԼԷżģ㷽дҲûɱԼɡ
ǰ
ů⣬û뵽ɢ˻˹
Լһ֮Ե
ɢǰôим
λǰʵͨ죬Ȼңڣϲ£ǵõһϡҩԲȬ˵Ҳλǰϡͱҩ٣Ҷżû뵽ҵһȱġ
˵ͷ
ϵĻɢ˴ȥҳΪ˳ȥϡҩ
ϲ֮£ɢҲǲ
Ҫлˡ૵
ˣүҪ鱦ĲϡԼ⣬æ˳
⡭˵üͷ
ȨĻҲ˿ԥģڻУʵû̫ĻȨ
ҿԿ϶ǲͬģΪӰ̫
Դǣǵľ
ͷ
Ҳûϣ
ȷʵܰϾȴû֣֮û˴Լ˵ģӰҲӡ
ȻﲻæҲǸָ·
岻ܣĳǿ϶⿴ܾˣȥǵĻһԴϡ


706 սǰ
鱦ڶϣ˱ᾧ̫⣬󲿷ֶڴ
ģǼСһ֡
ǼռֲϣҲղ϶鱦ĳɹʣձ鱦ָһ㣬һƷûУҲǲܵ¡
õİ취Щɹʡ
л󣬷գ̤˻عĵ·
⼸Ҳû˷ʱ䣬ѧ˲ٵĵ֪ʶǳ
жɢ˵ĹǰҲûһЩǡ
̫ɽλãҲ˳
˫ռݵ޾ɽһ棬ƽԭΪңԶڣĿǰ֪ͼϣûλá
޾ɽһΪĴ󳬼Լ̫ɽһ档
ѹַ̫ɽڡ
Ծ˶ԣⱲӶǲܵ޾ɽģ̫ɽֲߴ󳬼ռӴĵ̣¡
ȻΪ֪ڳԼǿ̫ɽȴǺպ˭޷ӡ
ԭܼ򵥣̫ɽˣһλ쾳ޣִĵرĽ쾳޵
ɢ÷ȥҵģ̫ɽˡ
ԺпգȥݷһλɡûæŶ
жɢ˵ڣǲ»̫ɽˣʱûǸҪ
ϵָ㣬ѧϰ͹ˡ
ҲҪΪ֮Լ׼̫ɽ֮УδʵͻͽҲͲüһʱ
ҪģӮúʹľս

ǡ
ϣʵڲռ鱦ϷǳĲ˳üͷ㱨
Ǽ۸ߵҲͰˣؼ̫٣ǮҲղ١
ͣɡ΢΢ͷ
۸̫ߣɲ뷨ѱᾧ׬ĸȥ᱾ĩˡ
ǣٰᣬΪ˷ռĵر
鱦ʲôģҪں档
ĻûнǵıҪ
һ㶡
źӴһ¿ջ񡣡ѵ
ƽԭĵλڣӴ
˼ܿ¶Ȼ֮ɫȷʵǵĻпܡ
лϣһȥ졣һɨƣ
뿪󣬷ȥ󣬽Ҧһݲϡ
͸ģ˽˵ղأȻܸ̫࣬һݲϴ֧֡
ҦûмŶ֡
ⶫҲҪֵģֻ״̬õʱ򣬲пܴﵽɵĳɹʣܱ״̬
һЩϣע˷ѣ״̬͸оġ
ֵĻ˵ɵĸ߳ɹˣһɶС
Ҳ鱦ٵԭ
죬ܴģǴİǧĻۣõóֵ鱦ûж١
Ǻʹȣƣɾ֮ıᾧ
ͬķֻҪðһգҪðʮգŪͬıᾧ̺ķղԶ
Ĵƣ鱦һϣѸźʹĲࡣ
պϢ
Ӵ۹۹⣬ϣ
ѵ̸Уһº˫һ¡
տʼʱ۹ǣ޳ṩ鱦ĲϣȡֺãȻҲװ£ǵҪǣҦҴ鱦ֳһָǡ
֪󣬺ԥķ
ǳԿ鱦ķݶȡĽĻǲԿ٣ؼǣ鱦Ŀ
һ鱦ô򵥵ġ
ҪѰõ״̬ǰװ˷Ѳϡ
Ҧ̹ԣһʱȫԸṩĲϣܴ鱦
Щ鱦ṩǶԲ㣬Ϸָ۹
ṩᾧ۹죬Ȼҹ鱦飬ȴ۹ûͬ⡣
뿴ģǺʹܾˣǷ׳вƽԭֵ֧İ
յĽԱᾧȡ鱦ϡ
ϣҲơ
㹻ˣѸٺ۹һ¡
һУõĵطչ
ǵʵ׳󣬾ϴҲý¼УҲǰ˸Ϊ⣬˳ΪĳԱ
зṩıᾧǵ侳ǿߣҲڲϵӡ
⡣
ҲϢģûκǵж
ˡ
벽ܵڲ֣ܶԷ˵֮ûֵܵ
Ǹж͸Һݺݱ
ȻҲûгĻᣬȥƻ
޷ƣԷĻҲκβãץסᷴεĻĵϸᱻ͸ֵ̫
ûһİգǷǴѡ̣˫ﶼî˾ȫ׼š
ʱţ֮ԼޣҲԷһٶٽ



707 ٽ
Ĵϡ
~
һˮϵڰлΪ
֮ϣصĿǰ̫֮ӶԵС
ǰһӴͬɽӰϰ֮ߣԶЩƣͷǹͺͺģϱ鲼صͼģͶ䣬ɽ֮ˡ
ˡ
Ķ֣Ȼһν麣ʱıˡ
ǰ벽ܼǿ飬һʱ򣬺޿ɵĿֲָܸɵһ麣֮УҲһֻ˵׷ɱ¸ա
벽ܼı麣һ죬ҲǵǵģҲǷһν麣ĵص㡣
Ҫߵ飬ȴϡ
֮ԼǰҲҪһ벽ܼĺһԼʵ
ֻˣھ뷽Ľ㲻ԶĵطںϷţȻıϡ
ǹڷܷţѸٱ󣬻ǳ磬ڷͷֳ̬תţǵصܣӴѹ£·ĺ棬ǵͳȥγһԲľ޴ԲӣԶһĿȻ
˱ڣӴѹһ̲ͣϣͬһɽǣжٻ
~
ͷŭϵͼĶӿֳ޾ԣȥ·һ޴Ĺˣֿ޴ڵӴѹ
ǳһӰţЧһһô򵥣ǿҪܵӰ졣
á
ͺȣںݺص̫֮ӷ˻һͻȻСӿĺձһֿյĳ̶ȣִС
ԶԶʱķͷ·һĶдһֱ˳ȥĲֻֽֿգȻȥĲ֣ȴѸٱţȵԶһˣʮ֮
Ƕ̫֮ӵĽһá
ʱ̫֮ӣǳȻĴСԶԶȫչ̬ʵϣ̬Ȼ󣬺ƺƵģȴǷɢˣԶûڵ̬ǿ
ǰķһġ
̫֮ǽӽȵĵرͨڵľ磬쳣ĳֱֱֻڿͨں󣬷ܼһЩ仯ӳǿܡ
⻹Ǽޡ
ĵرǱȷͨ۷ʱ򣬲ܳ׷ӳ

ڳĺˮţŷֱһӣǰĺ˺ȥ
Էߴ׵ӴõҲĿꡣ
Դʱ̫֮ӣֻҲأľ޴˺ˮ֮Уʱˮģγһʮ׵ɫ
麣ˮ۶ɵɫ˺֮󣬾Ȼûɢ÷һȻӦǺ˵츳ʱ״̬һ룬Ͼͻɢɺ
~
ɫ̫֮Ӻݺײһ
΢Ʈ˳ȥ˸Ӳɫֱӱ̫֮Ӻ飬Ӵ̤ںϣŵŵ˳ʮÿһںϣȥ˳ľˡ
̫֮ӵĺˮȻԶ麣ˮϣȴԶߣȡʤ
˲ִټ۳ɫ麣ˮ̫֮һȻûȵġ
ɫҲ΢΢ף̫֮µ̬ȻǿףҲǲС
ЧҲġ
ɫֹ̫֮˺ϣʱ޾ĵķ顣
ûᡣ
ץס˻ᣬʱִ֮ڳͣʱգţһָͷĵǳʱΪһâ˹ȥ
һ
һܣ˿̫֮ӡ
ʵǿᣬͣʱճһ붼ûʧȥã¸޾ǰǳȴǷɵǰ
~
˷һҽУŴǳеĵطȥѪ·һѪꡣ
Ӵƽɽ㣬ֱӱغ˺档
~
Ÿߴ׵ľ˳ƾ˵˼㡣
ºĿź棬Ȼһֱָƽֻ˶ûٳ֡
ˣ
Щ죬û뵽ԷȻˡ
ΪԼһɱ˺ˣİ벽ܵĻǺǱˣ麣ı
ͬΪ벽ܼ𣬽ʵ൱ˣʵϣǱģкܴ
벽ܲռ֮˺ѿռ䣬ͲǱóģȻˣ麣ǰ벽Ҳ˺ա
ЩµĶǺֻ棬嶼쳣ǿ󣬰벽ܼĺˣ͸˵ˣһشҪɱȴ١
ҡҡͷ
ˣҲ޿κΡ
ǺıѲ֮ˣһɱ߰Զ󺣵ĵطͺѳɱǡ
ߵĻѵ׷ɱ
̫ˡ
˵ûɱˣЩźģ˷ܡ
ǿޱȵĺˣҲ£òӽɼʱǿ
벽ܣҲһս
麣ıһ˵صĹа벽ܼ̾ĵطһ㲻ֵڶֻ벽ܼıȻ˵ȺӵĻˡ
ֻˣƺǹһˣܺҲҲûгֹ
ڳˡ
躣ϣǰһööĹʵ˿ĳɳҪһĸҵʱ䣬һЩ룬Ҫ麣ʱûе飬֮Լǰˡ
һεĻȻʮö
Ƿάս֤
һʮöժúõղһкĿ
Ǻʹľսˡ


708 Ŀ
ǣڡ
һھٰţףĿɨˡ
ģһǵĸ߲㣬в侳ǿߡ
Щˣǵĵ̡
¶֮ɫ
ϣʹս顣ǰһ˵
⻰һΧʱһĿȫڷϡ
֮ԼҲˣ̲סҲã˽ҵҪʲôս顣
ǡ
Ƭ̺
Ĳ˶ɫһſڣӰһǰһ
󲿷˵Ŀ⣬ǰϡ
һ侳ǿߣҲǴʹߣˣӡ
ʹߴ˽ĿɨΧƤӶʱ̲ס˼£ЩϣоʮЩ𾪡
ȴûб¶Ŀ˷ϡ
֮ԼѵǴս顣ʹֱֱվû̬ҲиǴһ˿ӡ
㹻ĵô
ȻһǰôɨأǲǴѵûκεԼλ벽ΪǻκεĻᡣ
Ŀɨˣ̬Ӹ¡
󵨡
˶ʱŭԷ̬ȣȫûǷ
ʹȴ淢߰
ս޿֡
Ȼû˵״һߡ
ţһɳӴȻѹϣʹɫ䣬̸˸޿ɵȻǰȴ˲䱻ȹǶϳأ˱ѹ˵ϣһ涼΢΢£ϵĹٶɡ
û˵ʸ񡣡һӣѾʹ߷ɳ˳صˤ档
ʹߣûмһǰΧһսУҲûг֡
֪Ǹոͻƻ߼룬ǵʱûмʱ
ҲˣŻô֪ɡ
Ŀһϣս顣
˻ţﾡǿ־壬Լ˾˲ˣȴһҶһ֧ţ˫ϥһȥˡ
͵ز£Ųæҵȡһս顣
ս޷Զɵ˷ǰ·δ֣չ
ٵɨһۡ
ǰķϻȻûʲôȤһϡ
֮ԭһ
Ǻʹľս֮ء
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Ц
֮ѡΪսɼľġ
ء
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Ȼǧ֮ãǲǴһʼǿ󣬶һķչģһʼǸ㣬ǵԴҲȫ鱦ϣȻһ鱦ǺԵķչˣҲ޷ǵľ޴ȡ
Χǵʱ򣬴õ鱦ǽ
Ȼⲻǵȫ鱦Ķһʼͷַˣղȵؼʱ̣Żᶯá
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Ŀɨˣ˵ǣûЩϣĵӺͺ£ȡ֮ģǿҵĶ־ս⡣
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󣬷;У۹ۡ
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709 һ
ϣͨɫ쳣ѿ
Ҳû뵽ξս˴ĳ棬ڶƽԭҲͰˣ۹;ս˫йأҲ֮С
𾪵ģ
ȻЩǹؼ
ؼǣǴһģ˼ӡ
پһЩûаѰĴ󳬼ڵ˷ζݡ
Ȼߵòȥ
ΧˣҲ۷׷ס
ߣôļӡһĮۣ˵ģһɢź·Ǳӡ
ˣɫ΢䣬߸Ǻݺݵˣһۡ
ĺʵ٣û뵽
Ĵ󳬼ĴʵǿͷĶǰ벽ܡ
˫ں۹ˣ΢΢ЦȻҲͬĻ
ˣˣ˽˭ǾͲҪˡ۹ϣһ΢Ц
ҵĳһҲһλ벽ܡ͵
ĳȻʵȴǿҲɿ˵ʣǷͬСɡ
⻰һ˶һζ
ֵģȻ
ɴ⣬⼸ǺˣӮһսҲǵòʧ

߿ǰһ·Ǵ˿ռ䣬֮ԭ룬˵躣ϡ
һǰ˵Ǿ仰죬ٴظһΡ
һߵǣұն㡣
Сĵ㣬϶ܶǰǰ벽ˣʵǷЩĵ
֣ͽ
΢΢ͷһɳ躣ۡ
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ǵǿߣҲһ𣬸˷棬Ҧң֣Ԫ
һʮˣô̵ʱǾȻô侳ǿߡ
Χˣ¶֮ɫ
֮ǰû¶濴ߣʱ򣬲ſǵǿ󣬾⼸ҲǷ׷¶ݡ
Ȼǵĵ̣Զ֮ϣǲŷչ˶ð
˳ɳٶȣίʵ˾塣
ǱߵǿߣҲǷ˳
ʮˡɨһۣǴĵˣȻǿޱȣԶǡ
ȻҲûһƴ֮ġ
ͬľʵû鱦̫ˣǵʮ鱦Բ١
ڡĵĿͶ˹жǺ⣬Ȼ˱Χǵĳ衣
ȴǿÿһۣĿڲϣǿҵս⡣
һս𣿡
кβҡķڷ䣬˵ǴԶ٣˺󡣡
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Ŵǵ˺ˣЩսȫ˷ڴ֮ҲæԶȥһ˳ʮŸͣ¡
սսûϣҵǿߵĽ֮¡
ֻĴ󳬼޶ԣҲ˺Ͳ㹻սռ䡣
һ

ӱӿ쳹ա
ڳĽӳǰڷĽºبš
ɱﵣ̬ĵرо̫֮ɢľƣ嶼Ĳţ˶¶֮ɫ
Խ׻Ŀֲ
ҲǷ׷ŷǰ̫֮ӡ
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ʵϵĲ࣬ôֲġ
ͨ۷壬̫֮ܽӵȫʩչɽͨڣȻ˲١
ĵرǿʩչãʤ˵Ǽ͡
ΣסҪʱ̿Գ֡Ը⿴
Ժתͷö֪ҲûȤ
עȫǰϡ
ǿޱȵս⣬ӿֳ
սһ



710 ս
Ȼ
˫ֿտգûκΪǿߣûרõ鱦
ûóȻǶԷӣҪŭ
Դ󡣡
ЦһָºƺƵ̫֮Ȼֳһ׿֧ӿѸٳȻڳ嵽ǰʮ״ʱȴָһձָ
ڳĺˮʱһռ䡣
ͺ֧ǰˣƾսضһ㣬ֱλڲͬ磬κٶĺˮӿûκв
ǰ벽ܵˡ
ռ֮˺ѣָռ䣬˲ϢڼԶĵط
֮û麣ĸ߲磬Ҳ˺ѿռ䡣
ҲǵһΣİ벽ܽ֡
˺ѡָռȷʵǼǿ󣬵ƾܷ̫ˡ
С
ЦȻϵЦݻûʧһ䣬͵ǰһ˶ʱ⡣
һ̡
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𶯣һڳĺƿգݺײ˲ԭλãһĻô϶Ҫһ

ˮӿţһʧִһӿ֣Ȼ䣬˿ռ䱻˺ѵֺӵһٴαһ壬׷򲽳
̫Դˡ
۹ϣЦһ
ǽӽȵĵرƾƿؿռֶΣδ쿪
ҲǺ⡣
벽ֲǴܣǶԿռĲƿأԶԶûеϵĳ̶ȣȻָܷռ䣬̫֮ӵһ뵥Ŀռ䣬ֿռг޵ģǿޱȵ̫֮ǰȻ֧Ų˶á
ӣȻһ塣ɫ΢
Ĵ㣬ǽ̫֮ӷֳ֣ڲͬĿռУǼӵķϵǿĵرȻ̫̫֮ǿҲ˶ãǵʱ䣬㹻ɱˡ
û뵽̫֮ӾȻһ壬ǿĲ˼飬ָĿռ䣬˲ͱָͳ׷顣
ͬʱâһ
µ̫֮ͬԾڿзֳ˾ŵһڷܣİ˵ȫ˲
ŵ֧ݺأǿ֮˶ǺȻɫ䡣

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ɲǺǿ飬̫֮ӻУһ֧ҲȻķѣûκνҡ
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Σˡ˵Ķ
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Ķ̳ٻ
ģΧĿռ˲ȶļǿӰſռ䣬ʩչռ֮ӵļѡ
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ָĿռ䣬ķ顣
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Ǵڿռ䣬Ǳ쳣ѡ
ǿ󡣡Ĵ󳬼ˣ΢΢ɫ䡣
ʱչֳͨжǵһġ
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дޣֻҪٿһ㣬˺ѷܵĿռ䣬γɿֲĹɱ˷ҲҪƵæңջ̫֮ԱȻʱͼȴǻӰ
~
ǰǵ֧ײ򲽳Σֻܲ˿ȥľŵ֧ԭλ÷顣
ǳ̫֮ӵ˫Ӱ£޷ɱ˷̫֮ӵĹĵ
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˿֮ԭ룬һš
ôܣ
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Ҿ֪ʤɡ
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~
ѿ׳ĿֲѺۡ
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תۼ䣬ɽԭַϣֻʣСؽɽ塣
䣬ɽûˡ
ԶĿɽǰʧ
̫֮ӵǿΪ֮
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죬档
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춯֡ŭȼǷµĴӡǿйţ˷
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ʱ̫֮ܣڷһǰǿֹһƵǿֲ֮ҲҪľ˸ǽǶ֣һܡ
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һ£˾ͱ̫֮ӵķ飬Ĳ
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ڷҪսʱһɿֲȻ΢ջ̫֮ӡ
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ʱĲִһѾ޴ĳֳͨ죬޾ĹԽڣӶž޽ݺն̫֮ϡ
߼ҽţΧĳѺۡ
ӿǿҵ˼ɱ⣬ѷ޵˹
Ӷž޽һ㣬޾գ̫֮ӴĽڽڰˡ
ڵĲǿ״̬е鱦ҪȲĴӡǿһȻȲ̫֮ӣϲ벽ܵΪȴǿֲ˼㣬̫֮ҲǲУ޵С
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Ҳ룬̾һö˳Ͷ뷽Уܿ죬״̬ٸţص۷塣
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³һڳŴռϷĲûлңһ͵Ϯ󣬴Ǳʵ󽵣Ҧҵ˼ӮˣҲάƽ֣ڷܽڲϡ
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̫֮ӵĵڶ̬
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յ˵ܸ־á
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Ȼȴлһöܲģòףȴκβá
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ܿԥó˵ڶö
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һöеĴ֪
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ϣսǼ˵ģʧȥ־Ǿϵƣ͸ء
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кâӿץסǧѷĻᡣ
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ǣȴˡ
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Ԩ˶ʱž޽ӳƣϻŸոոľ塣
һ
ͷĵǳȻΪһâɢֲ׵ܣݺײ˲
ʲô
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£еľƱ
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û뵽Ȼɱﵣ֮ǿȻ̫֮ӡ
ʵ̫ǿͣʱսά˰ʧЧˡ
ʶ̧ͷʱһ貵Ĺâ۽硣
ͬʱ̫֮ӵĹҲǰӲ޽
~
ͫȻ
̫֮Ӻ͵ǳĹͬʱ˲ϡ
ܣײĵط˷Űܿ
ȵƽϢ
̽ĿͶ˹ȥ
ֻľ޽ڲˣʧһû


711 Ļ
벽ܲ䡣
˶סˡ
Ͳ֣˭Ҳκβ˭˶Ϊֳʤⳡսƽ䳡Ĵ󳬼ôģ֪ͻ䣬һ˲䣬ͱɱ
˼飬˼顣
ӮˣⳡսӮǡ
⣬ս˷ˡ
Ĵ󳬼Ŀ⣬ȫڷϡ
ñ̬δšһ
ǻɫĹӣ֪ʲôĿ⡣
˫ں۹ĴҲĳ
Ǻε۹ǶȻ漣Ӯһսġ
̫֮ǿޱȣ÷˺ͲԿʱǾʤĹؼ
ĹͣǷǻȻֵõ̫֮ӡ
ãȻ˵
һ̫֮ӵܣ̫֮һ𣬸ɵ˲Ҳؼġ
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û̫֮ӣƿؿռֶηϵ˴Ļûʤ㡣
벽֮ǿ󣬲ϣԶԶ侳ڿռ֮ϡ
˺ѡָռ䣬ԼɵĴнǿޱȡ
ûɹ˿أ̫֮ӵٶȸ׷˵ȥ磬һƽʹ˺ѿռ乥Ըвˡ
ȫûô
Ҳǲ÷ԭ֪ȴǸıս֡
һǰһͷ˵ΪãԶԶȲĵرû뵽Ȼ˾ˣ˹Ŀ࿴¼㲻̫֮ӣҲȥ̾
̫֮ܺĵرᲢۣɼǳ֮ߡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷ
ǱӦòʣ¶ˡ˵
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712 
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ԥķʱֵ֮Χʱֹͣס
һĻ棬ʱڿС
ᣬæӳ˰ΧȦ˵˱ԵͰȫˡ
~
³һѸƽһ˿ʶ߲̽ʾУʼȡϢ
Ȼ߲ʾ洢ŵģλµϢ
ʱţ࣬һڷǰ
Ҳ֪ˣڻλܵŲʲô



719 
ڲĴܣУһ˴ĵط
˴磿
Щ죬磬ǵһˣ֮еԶǲ˴ˣͬһ硣
лĻҪȥǸȥһˡת漴Ͱ˼ѹȥ
߲ʾ棬еϢڲ˴ȻûȥǸ磬Ҳ÷Բ˴һ˽⣬ȷʱ򣬲֪Ҫó١
ȻƾһϢҲǱҵ˴λá
ڲҲû©
緽˽Ǳǿ׷ɱܼĳǿߣҪɱУȻеʵˣջ˺˳
Ϊ˶ǿе׷ɱһ֪˶磬Ҳ˿ǿУβϣһսбֱشΣҲϣ˲磬˳İ˶֡
״̬µУȻǿƲסԼֱײд½֮һĵ̣Ϳ̿Ҳ׹֮ػԲѣֱպŻָѡ
Ϊֹͷ˽⵽ûв
ǽͿʼ˳롣
߲ʾ˵и˴ѣ˽⵽ҲЩΡ
ΪֲһЩʧڲ˷ţϲ
Բ˵Ҳ¡
ȷʵûпǹڲԼĴУһ㵹ʵϾһͨ磬û߳Ļͻľ磬´иûһ塣
ǴܣӵдϵԴ뿪Ȼ̫࣬ĿУҴڲһЩǳķţӣԺԼѡʵ˴ߣĻ硣
ûڲģϾһͨ磬ˣ΢ԭ󣬾ͻ뿪Ĵȥ
ôҲû뵽˻ֹ

Ȼг롣
һ㶼⡣
ҪǸǽһģһǲŽвܡ
ԶԣУ߿һλܣмȥѣ֮Ҳơ
˵ǣкܶ©á
˵ڲ磬ūʲôģ޴˵һ磬òҪĶġ
Ϊ˱ƼӾ絼䣬õİ취Ǿ뿪ʲôϷ롣
Ӧǲˣ֪е뷨֪ҲŰɣҪߣȻôĻԵǰװߣټˣлɳˣա
ȥ
˹Ȼ־ŭһֱѵĸоŭ´ɱ䣬òѪɺӡ
յ˵Բǲֵһ΢̣ˣܱɱ
Ŀ˻
һǿ鱦
ꪡ
лꪵ鱦ǿ˼㣬ܺĵر棬ǴܣҲҪΪ֮
Ҳûȼ鱦ģܵõꪣȫǳ
ҲΪꪣűܶϣһ·׷ᣬҪõꪲſϸݡ
׹䣬ٵд½֮һģ⣬Ĺͣꪡ
ʱӴĻǰ׹䡣
кˣҲܵù
ոյõûãͱˣʹһֱûȥꪣܸҺ棬ִꪵУǲƥеĴڡ
⻹鷳ġ
ڣ֮Ϊһ⣬űеõ㹻ʱ䣬ĥԭ˵ӡ
ǣûʱ䡣
׹䵽Уԭ˲֪˶Ĵ߶£ҪƿնȥпѹˣȻΪ̫ԶԷ߶ǳСʹûꪵķǿȲ󣬿ɶжԣȻǼѵ˼㡣
һΪꪣزôû뿪ܴɣ˵ꪻȥĻԷϾͻ֪λãʱδ޷뿪磬Ǳɡ
ˣǲϧһдۣҲҪѹסꪡ
ϼˣָĸӻ
ѡֵʱѹؼʱֵ̣ģεˡ
ܵꪷɣ׶Ͼ
Ȼعⷵ£ѹס˻ꪣӡ֮УҲû
ŭ֮£дɱ䣬ɱոǵ
󣬻ĽˣŹڵϣһһġ
࣬ɵ˵ģɱк󣬻ʿ
һ̣ӻָ̾һûм֣ص׹֮أ߲ʾ󣬾Ȼˡ
ɱȥĻ²ˣᱻɱ
һܻعⷵµĴɱһĩա
ûɱһλܣ²ٶҲһ



720 
һк󣬷Ҳ
ұ֣Щôõеţ֣Ҫ˵ееõѶҲ̫ˡЦ
ɲǵϵΣ־ͻᱩװʲôģпǴܣȲ˵ܲò˵õУһЯķţôǳԲķգ͵СѧȥѧĿȻһͷˮ˵˫Բͨˡ
ֻڣָţò˵档
Ǹ΢䣬Ѿȥһǧ꣬ˣһɶµϢУҲû˱𣬷ȻЩŭҲ˶ȥʲôϾз׷ǹʣǶԲЩ˵Ĺ۸вһЩ
һʶ˳߲ʾ塣
~
һ죬߲ʾ΢΢£һâͶڷǰΪһӵģ
ӵӰģȻһûЯκȻ˵ѹȴǴľˣ·һ㣬ϣŰ߰Ѫ·ǸովһѪսϵɫ㲡
ǷڵʵȰ벽ܣڻֺĿⶼ΢΢һ
У³ӻݡ
ѡ
󿪿ˣºͣûеı壬ȻϢʱеָ
ûпŷԹԵĿڡ
ܵ˵أҲһ֣ĳһ֮룬ϣϾ֮ʱǰ˴һˣҵѶʹУĳĺˡ
ĻꪣȡĻ͵ĳлɡ
˵Ц£Ӧ뵽ˣԵ˻᲻ҲΪ
һͨ磬ܵ˵أҽģǼпһĴܣˣǰδ£˵ˡ
ʱ˵״̬ҲʲôĲá
~
ζ£ʧ
߲ʾָԭ滹Ϣ޷쿴ˡ
Ҳûеʲôźû´ĻϢҪ˵ĴˣǿƳĻпܻԶ١
һλܵĴУôϡǵޣߵĴеҲˣǿ֮ⷨţַվ̫
һλ޵Ļ᳢Ƴӡǽ߲ʾ
ꪡ
˻Ŀȡ
Ȼꪲĵر鱦÷ЩʧģǾϲ
ĵرǿ鱦
˴֪Կ϶磬ȼ鱦ҲǷëǡ
ȻٺõĶԼò˵ĻֵҲߣӲܣûꪻȡͬȼĵرϾԼȱĵر
ƺûãһõĻɱ֮һɽ
ԭȷʵˣ֪ǵĴڣº󣬺۹һ̽麣ɹҵǵĻǷ;ԲӦĵر
ǿǰĴ罨Ĵǣǿ߽֮ء
ĵرǧѷ֮ǣҪҵĿɻ
ĺôֺαðôķء
ûꪻĵرȻྭһ̣ܱʲôûĺá
ֵܵĻҲջˡ
ǰꪶãܷȡԺ󶼻ȥһ˲˴磬㽻¡
Ȼˡ
λᣬԲ
ͷĿǰ̫֮ϡ
֪ôºҲû˹ǡ
ǿĵر鱦ǿĳڱҲ룬̾ͻжԶӶԶǲڵܿġ
ڣꪾԭˣ֪˶ٸ磬ܷӳͼˣ͸˷ᡣ
Ҫȡꪣƿеķӡ
ǷӡǿҲޱ֮ľԷʵʱĥǲѹ󣬻Ʊػƿշߣδѹס
ΨһĻᣬڷӡƳǰߡ
һꪷߣǷҪģǾ뿪˵ˣΪꪵԭˣȻٶȸ
ҽ췭ظɡûԥԲ˺޺øУʧҲں
͵һΣǰ̫֮Ѹٱţһϴӣڻ硣


721 ֶ

ӿţ쳹أ·ȫĿȫǺڳĺˮ
~
̫֮һչ˾ҵı仯Χڵͺˮݺݳײһ
һ棬ٴʮҲԶԶв̫֮ӣǳɰǧĻͬʱ̫֮ײƻ֮ȴǺš
Ӿţײķѣֳʮأǻһ͵һѪɫһӲ԰ޱȡ
ˡ
æ̫֮ӣ˵ڶ̬һƥΧһţǵ
ȻҲ˴ЧҲ쳣ԣԲʮڵĻ汻ɨһգûж
~ĵر鱦Ȼ𺳡
̫֮ӶԵУǲİ벽ܣҲƴ£֪ûꪵı壬˾Ե·硣
Ҳҿ̫֮ĵرһӲӲһҲʧ롣
ǧίʵС
֪˴߶״̬⻹ĶԿһ£;Բܵôˡ
Ļ棬ǻꪵԻ
һǧꪵԭʼûзꪣʵϣҲû˻ǿ鱦ڶԷĴ߶£ɢһȫ˴˵صĻ棬ǧۣĺˡ
ԭصϢ˰գǰ
ԹǴοΪС̫֮࣬ӣȥΧĻ棬֤ÿζͬʱ̫Ļ棬ŻĻ档
ٶȻ죬ȴȶޱȡ
Ҫȡ߻ꪣҪĻ棬ӡͻꪱ嶼á
ҲǰײɨƬİȫռ䣬÷ͼ֮Щ˲ݣȻǧ˺˵ȫĻٶ༸ᱻ˲ɱǴʱȴš
֪˶á
ڽĻĲˣţҲǿ˻Ļꪡ
һѳԼ׵Ĵꪣ֮Уͨ嶼ֳ۵ĺɫתţɢֲ
ǻˡ
ϣĺɫһ˽ꪹ̶סһ쵽άŻĴڡ
Щɫµķӡѹס˻ꪡ
üͷ΢塣
ǧĥЩɫѾʮִˣϸǳһЩѺۣȻҲ޷Զѹȥ
ʱ΢΢ţϵĺɫƺҪƿƿնȥ
ǻꪵԭٻ
һ
һǧʱ䣬ԷûзҲûпܷȻΪĿ̫꣬ңԶĿĵѰЧʵ£ûҵ磬ɲΪԷһǧһɹûС
ҪĽ롣
ɫ΢ĽĻ޷ǾǶԷ磬Ѿ̫ԶڷӡƳ˲䣬ꪵλþͻᱻ֪ӶѸٸ
һĻʱ͸ˡ
ʱ뿪֮ŵԣҲõĻᱻԷ׷ϣЩǻҲںôʣµģܲλܸǰշˡ
֮Ȼ⣬Է˲磬ǷӵĻҪðһˡ
ƴˡ
ɫһ
ꪳͻƷӡȥԭ˸ǲ֪ʱʱ䲻࣬ܲܳɹҪƴһزŸġ
¡¡
̫֮ӱӿţڷʹ£ʼϹɫ
ɫȻǴվǱĥ̫ˣ̫֮ӵĹ£û֧̫ãʹﵽ˼ޣžѿ
š
綼޴Ѻۣдĺˮӿ롣
ˡ
ͬʱ
ھ粻֪Զ޾֮Уһ֣Ŀɢֲ˶Ȼֹ͵תͷ˲ڵķ
һǧ꣬ҵˣ֮ʧֲĻᡣ̾Ϣӹд漴ͱ˿̹ǵĺ⡣
˭ҵĻһǧ֮ãҪҵŭ𡣡
ûκε飬˺գһ磬硣

ӡƳ󣬷ͷһӰżѹ·вʱ
죬Ҫ죬̶֡
κε飬ܵǵȫֳǳ磬Ӵסꪡ
ȥ󣬻ҪΪߣͱѹ͵һӿԣɢӰ죬Ϊһ硣
ʱͣͣһ
׼ʱִ֮ڳͣסʱգͬʱһָǳΪһâݺײʱͣ£͵Ļꪡ
̫֮ӸǱһԣ¡¡ײ򳤺硣
ȫԸֶ룬Ҫ̵ʱڣ»ꪡ
һ̫֮ӣ벽ܶܺɱȴӲܡ
~
һ죬ֱӱķ飬ĺˮҲϳ˺˵Ŀնڶһ̫֮ӵĹ£ǵֱӱ飬ûꪻָ˱̬ϵĹԸ


722 
ûᡣ
ƿնߵͼϣֳϲɫһȻҲ𺧡
ǿһȻ谭˻һ£ȴǷֺû˵
鱦֮ǿɴ˿ɼһߡ
ҵæ̫֮ӲȥڵǳǷɻ˷ԡ
ꪽǱѹһ£ţӿԣգ̫֮ӼҽţҪͻ̫֮ӵľƿնȥ
ͬʱ
޾֮УĸоλõĹˣǼٸͬʱƴ߶Żꪡ
~
ǿҵԴӻϳ̽Χĺˮ͵𿪡
ã˿¾ڸˡ
ɫ΢䡣
ꪵķ֮ңյ˵ȻܿĵرԶߣǿҲǿȥڵȻꪵԭ˾粻̫ԶŻûꪵܸǿ
ûʱˣҪоֻܷһ߿̫֮ƴӿϣŬŻꪣһ߼˼ŵĶԲߡ
Բܵȥ˵ѹסꪣƿշߣԼҲӲ
ʱݲаԥڻסǰ֮ߡ
ռ䣿
ͷոո𣬾ͱ
С
ԭĴ㣬ҿҲǼߣԲˣΪԼѹס֪ռ䣬ռı仯ǿ鱦ҿ϶ռĻܸܲԭ˵ĸ֪ǷĻǾһѣʼ½ռ䶼ᱻٵ
ǷĸݲʧģʧȥλᣬķҲð
ˣǸԺһ΢ʱ˳һڿѸٽһţ̫֮ӺͻͬʱҲǿ̫֮ӲŻꪣ
ҲܿƷĵر̫֮ͬʱʵûͱˡ
̫֮ӴޱȣִټµģҺûȴǺСϵĴ̫֮Ϸֳһ֧Юסꪡ
һ֧ȻԶԶ̫֮壬˲֧Ҫƿշȥһ̣ſ֧һһȥ
ࡣ
죬֧ͻꪱ̽ȥ󣬾ʧȥκηӦǸоԼ֧ʧȥϵҲƲ
̥
ϹķţڿһĿռ䡣
ɫŵĿԻꪵ֧Ͳס̥Ҳܸԭ˶ĸӦôֻҪһ߶ƿ̥Ŀռ䣬ͬʱķ顣
һҲֻܳϣͼշʧˡ
һҪɹĿ
һ룬롭һӹȥˣûκ״СˮߣƵϣǰȻ÷ʱ˿
ǵԴ˵ķţȻޱȣЧǿס
𾪣λµķӡ޷ԭ˵ĸӦȻȴǰ쵽ˡ
ȻҲûд۵ġ
ܿ췢֣ά̥֮Ѫһ˵ٶʧ
ͷ֮ѪǷǳ٣ٶȥĻò˶ãͻһգû֮Ѫ޷ά̥Ĵڣ֪
ڲǸ˵ʱ򣬱뿪ǹڷͷϵвûκɢļ󣬷ҵ̫֮Ӻ̷
ǣǵʲô
ɺϣɡׯĿɿڴʹԼ۾ԼǲΡ
뺣󣬾ûκϢҲ֪ǻΪ¹ԼҲһֱעһߡ
û뵽Ȼ˾׵ĳ
Ǵ󺣱˲ĺϳһӴޱȵԨţǿ־֣ǻꪻ̫֮ӣֵ𺧵˼㡣
Ӱɺϣһɺ۶ʱ

á
²ŵͻȻʧʧȥƾ¶˿У뵽Լʵ⣬ò˿ʮ˶ɫ䣬Ժ˲һͷҪɱǡ
Ͼͷ֣ʧȥ˺üصڣҲ֮ǴϲæڿУǶˣշеȻڵλã̫˵㣬СĵĻҲڻˤ
㣬㲻ɱǣɵ˶ͷԡ
ɱǣҶ֡˵һͷԵĻƺĿд½ķ˹ȥ
߶ȣܿڼԶķŴŻƻϿȶ
֪Ц
ܲµĳЩ˵⣬ƽʱĻҲɱ䣬ʱȴûǸ򣬸ûҪ
ɵȻҲˣȻûзôǲˣ˽˵뷨ԭǵУ½Ϣȥ½ӦûȡжڿˣҲ̫⡣
ֻǣܳɹ𣿡ޱȻһ㣬ͷֵǣ˽ⷽĿ£˵ողĿŵĳˡ
һۣɵɫ죬Ҳû
ǲͼҺһھɵ˴󾪣ʶӽûԤзĹΪǿ
ЩӣǻʵķϣҸһҸ棬ˡ
ɵ
ǰ˵ׯ
ӣڿʼߣӵκһΪȫĵطȻҲҪˣõĻܻ
˵꣬Ҳѯʣһ˶ʱû֮У뿪硣
ˡ
һߣɵ˶ʱһ·ϵһɽʧˣЩǵѹʵ̫ˡ
֣֮ǰǾ仰ʲô˼ұΪԼҪɱ䣬ߣðװǣȴ뿪ˣѵ˵ָΣղһɻ
Ҳɫ졣
˵Ǿ仰ʱ뵱ȻΪ˼ԼҪ֡
˭֪ǲǹŪ飬ǶԵ˽ֲ࣬˭ܱ֤뿪ˣĵر׼Ǵλսһ˵
һ㶣һηʱԼѵĳ˵뿪ĵرȷʵҲпܣϾǵʵͼʶ޷϶ǲ뿪˲硣
˵ʱ˸ԥ
ע⵽ûǰץǱλܵ鱨⣬һĿģǵºͼռĵرȡǵڡ
⻰һɫ䡣
ֿܣһ־Ƿû뿪Ǵת˰Ȼһֿܣǲ缴ٴ٣ԣ½ĵرʱ䶼ҵȡ
۷׷ף˭Ҳ˵˭ûн͵˼Ҳ޷϶շֳɣһ˾Ӧ½ǿ߻ϣһΪ޵ķʸӦĻжԶӶԶ
ߵˣŵùûƭǵıҪɡׯ˶ڡ
˫˭Ҳ˵˭շֵ
½ϵ˻ƻϿȣûзַȻЩʣ½ǿ߻Ϻ󣬴ǿУ֪˷
Ƿ϶ǣŻߡ
޵еģûֵܵ
ûۼʶǿǿ߳äĿģжɱˣѵǿ
ʱ

ͻȻһѺۣһֵһ˲磬һֲ̣ǵصĸ
·ǳѲڸŲ磬ƺڲš
ˣǻꪵԭˣ˺磬ٶȸȻԻꪵĸӦʧˣѾȷ˲λá
󣬴Ϣܿ϶ꪾ
·
½ˡ
ǿֲ˲˿ֿж޾Ŀ־塣
ô
ôǿߣ
ûͨ
һǧǰǱ˶Ͼɱļȫ
һǧԵģȴȫʤ״̬µģܡ
Ǽ½ǿߣɫҰף뵽˷ĸ룬˷˼ǣȴˡ
ˣֲˡ
֮Ϲ˵͵һץ׹֮ؾͱİڹǰ
о˻Ϣ
ȻҲꪣǰȻӦꪵλã˴˼ϵȴûжϾһΣȴʲôӦûˣһ־򣬿һΣԼʧȥǿ鱦ˡ
ҲԷµκκۼ
ǣ
ŭʹǧǰѻꪵߵˣʹޣ˻ꪳǧ硣

˱Ŀ·ָһ㡣
ԲʮڵĿռʱ˺飬ŷΧڵĴ½ǳ׵ʧ



723 
λǴܵĻԭˣϵ󣬻᲻ɱ䣬Ǩŭˡ
³Σ֪飬Ҳں
ǱɱҲԼıӦֵͬ顣
Ҳ£λǿ߻Ӳ֪ԼϢϾЩֻ֪Լһޣ֪Լз֪֮ţ֮⣬Էһ֪
ôҪҵǲܵ£ԺʵǿˣˣҲηԷ
磬ǾԲȥˣԼ쾳ִĵرжҺ̤Ǹ벽
ռ󣬷ûл硣
̥̫ܳãĻûκ壬ꪵԭܸӦĻꪣô磬Ҳκ
һԭ˸Ӧ磬ܴݲá
麣
ԥ̴ǰ麣߲ͨ硣
麣Ǹ߲磬ͨʹ粻֪жԶ·һϣţԷܸӦ麣Ļꪣ޿ܣǱǿüˣҲ
麣󣬷ϰѻꪺ̫֧֮ڷųȻʱĻûڲĿֲƣȻȻתţȴȻ״̬
ԭ˵ʵǿҲ߶麣Ļꪡ
ϸĿ˿ô㹤򣬾ͺĵһ֮Ѫ÷ʹѣꪵջȴֵõġ
ӣҪľͻϡ
ʮöںͲľսУõöڲ磬ΪȡʱҲõһöܹöڷڻ˴Ļ֮һ麣ڵʱҲ÷Ϊ翪ʼ
ֱպ󣬷ͣȻͨ۷廹ңԶҲǽһ󲽡
ʣµһ£ľ˻ϡ
鱦޷ɽ֮ӿȥͻꪸ룬ȻǿҲʹãЧȴǲףһĵرڷϵܡ
ĿģҲΪȫΪĥԭ˵ӡ
һλܼǿߣµӡȻǷͬСɡ
Ҳǧ࣬˸ֶΣųɹĽԭ˵ӡӻĨȥһһ֮ˣҲõģᱻλܸӦ
ٻ˰ʱ䣬ꪳĿĲΪʹΪ˸õղأ֮̽ȥ֮ѪģȻǰҪһЩҲڷԳܵĳ̶ˡ
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Ҫ֪εĿ꣬졣


729 С
ҲҪģãŻһϰ벽ܼıʵϣûôΣա
˻ãǳɫЩ仯״ŵλ벽ο
Ӧá
΢΢ͷ
Ȼǵһ죬Ҳһֻ벽ܼıĻΣճ̶Ҳ̫ˣ첻ȥϾղûŵİ벽ܵĻҲô򵥾ͱˡ
һͶ죬һĵڣ̾һֻ벽ܼıдССҲСһȣֻҪɱ¾ԷĻҪϰ벽ܼıﲢס
Σղ٣Ҳ洦ɼ
졭
Ҳǲö֪ȥɼΣճ̶ȡ
δ˺ܿͷжΪ˱ٱںĿ﹥ǶǷɵĸ߸ߵģԶ뺣档
Ѱܿ˽
Ϸ򣬴Լ⣬ǽ㡣
һƫм֮࣬Щ麣Ȼһأ˴˼ľҪƫȻǲֵһᡣ
Ҳ֪ǲǷرù
ڸʱ򣬾Ȼ˰벽ܼıҲһֻȻֻ
ֻǿıӦһԣںˮ䷭ӿϷûйǡ
ŵİ벽ƵС
ǵľ
ֻ벽ܼıҪ˿ûôףһɱļֻߣ鷳
˳һ·һ·СĽȷǵʱѾǰˡ
ôô
㸽һλ벽֪ǵҡͷҲ֪ǲڸпǵ
Ǹصˣͺˡλ벽΢ЦŶԷŵǿЦˣûᡣ
ܿһ顣
ռƻζ̽ԷƽУһСӣֱ죬ϣҵǡ
μƻģмʮǧ˵ǻľӢһӴа벽ܼǿߣн֮࣬ߴ󳬼ɳİ벽ܣͲ֮
ÿһСӣ벽ܼǿ죬ˣ󲿷˶ѾԼĶ鲢ҳˣ˲ࡣ
˵ͷûпϤˣ˶ڣȻԼ˳ˡ
̽۸ӣСӵˣȻϤΪãòСıˡ
ֹ˰졣
ν麣ˣѾ㡣
ŵλ벽ܣ˵ĵȵλ벽ܼͬţһСӳˡ
գֻʣ벽ܼǿߡ
ǣ
Ĺͨ£˾ۼһ𣬿˺󣬷΢΢һû뵽ȻǼġ
һǳ˵꣬ͦΣμž˵İڶռʱƣԥĴˣʱ˾ͷºݻ÷麣ʱСĵ㡣
һˣҲһ֮Ե˫ڵǿߣͲ֮ԭսʱ˫ڹս
ֻˣû취һСӰɡ
⡣ǳ˫üһֻ벽ܼˣĪҲҪȥ𣿡
վǰȴӶ
ЩΣǸصģȻ뿪˫ʹĪ⣬֪ʲôҲûг

˵ʲôŭ˵Ĺâǿӿš
û뵽㲻вȱҲȫá
λλϵĺˣֻܰЭ飬Լص⣬˱죬ȡض֤򼴱ŻȥҲᱻɱ
ǳ˵ĬҲֻ䷽Ӱˡ
ΣǶ벽ܼǿߣܹǸӱһЩ
ڣҪص⣬ȫһСӣγһ˼ĸӶ顣
ǴѶֻҪ֮ڣܽӵϢǧҪ©ˡཫֱ˷һһ顣
ִѶֻܴ򵥵Ϣʾ˴˵λãʾԮ
סνΣڣһҪʱϷһοǽӻȥˣҲزȥˡɫأ˵



730 
£´󲿷˶Ų¡
Ȼ˵£֪޷麣ôá
麣֮ãΪ֮漣ľȴԶ̫֮ӵĵرȻǿ󣬿Ҳ޷麣ų⣬ѹֻܿ⡣
ųϵˣ£һЩʵ΢侳ֻһ³ͷˣֻмʵ綼ǿİ벽ܼǿߣп¡
Ϸյ޵ɣ㸽Ҳܸ麣ų⣬˵ǲõзص֧Ųס
²ҪأʱǳĽţҪҵǣȷʵ쳣ѣҪУ֧顭
ƳǳԼ˫ʹߣ΢΢Ц
ǳĵⲻö˵˫ʹȻĬȴܸоĿЩơ
֧Сӳһ𣬷ףѰʲôģǸЦ֧鲻κιϵ
˼ϲ⣬ȥѰңǾǰ֮ǽ죬ҵЩ֤֮
ģʱ˵
ţҵ֤֮ǰ֧鲻ᷢڧҲܾһСӡ
ôҲЩڻҰ
һЦȡ躣ۣ̤ۣĽȸηˣº躣ۡ
ǳ˫ʹҲȡ˸Եۣʣµˡ
˵һĿСǷˣǾ޿ܵϱ˵۵ġ
࣬Բ֮ڶδػһǱȽϵù麣ʱ򣬱׵˾ǧĵطĴѰʱ򣬵ڼңԶԼһǰ˫ʹߵ
ˣһϵġ
á˵ͷ
ǳҲû飬뿪һξȻ٣˫ʹָķλ
տʼǲǿı㸽뿪ȴʧȥ˹˼ɣʱȣ۵ٶȶûз
躣ۻΪһ⣬ĺϼٴ۵ٶȣȻҲû£ûþ뿪֮ң
ķɳۣȻһЩ˦ѡ
һصǰ
֪а벽ܼı̾ᣬֹһֻҲǺǰ֮һΪصѶȼ󡣡˫ʹ˵
Щأǳ˵Ȼǲ˵ģ˫ʹʲôͼδ֪Ӧעĵطȴû¡
˵ͷѰҵ֤֮ǰǻܺġ
ϣĳ˲Ҫ˺ȡǳЦ
ÿһֿۣͷѡӣĿңԶ
Ȼһͬ
貵Ĺԣ˺ϣԴԴ
ԶԶģܸоЩ̺ŵľ
Χ̾Ӵ飬ſţЩڣţǵϢ淢ǿʢʵ˼ϸ΢
İ벽ܼرԭ𣿡΢꣬Ӹо߲ء
ʶģ麣ıɽһǡ
Щ겻̷ãǶԣк档˫ʹߵ
һ㣬⡣
֮ҩ֮ҩ˫Ͼǲͬ顣
һġֻȻֻ벽ܼıǳ˵һ˿ۺ棬ˡ
ϵҲǷ׷ױɫЩﶼӴ󣬴ǵĳ
ֻǿ飬̾Χ·ǵһ㡣
ˮӿһֻ˳һֻ飬󲿷ں£ȻںϣȻɫԴֻ۾¶Ĺ
ֻͷһ֣Χֻﶼ¶η֮ɫ˿ȥһֻҲǷԶЩ
ʣͬΪ벽ܼıͷҲеǿߡ
Դ𣬴ˡ
ֻ
ӣǳ˵˫ʹɫˣе쳣֡
ߣֻ벽ܼǿߣȴ༫ԣֵͷ飬˾塣
ҪĻͲǶ֡
ǵǲݣ춼Ǿ޽С˫ʹü
ȻֻﶼǳĹģ²ܺƽ
ȥĻҪķѲʱ䣬δؾͱĺá˫ʹߺǳЩò⡣
ȥһһֵ



731 
˫ʹ߳˻ᣬͷ
ȥ˷Ѳʱ䣬δػãӲȥ
塣
£ȷʵûʤ㣬ɷҲûƴĴ㣬ֻҪʤҲ֪ǲ麣Ĺ򣬷ı޷ġ
ǳ鲻ˬҲûзԡ
ûмŶ֣Զ۲󣬷Ѿ°ЩĹ꣬ʱ̶еģÿһʱ䣬ʧȴûʲôԣʱĳһ㣬ʱܶݡ
ʱ̾ڸֻͻи࣬Դ󷢵ģ귶ΧڵȫɱʱǴصĴʱ
ȴڼ䣬ֹһεĿһЩСıͼ·ϣֻǿ˺顣
ȡ
յеĽ飬ᶼûΪȥģǵĿû롣
ڡ
һ걻ֻͷ鱻£ûй䣬Χֻﶼɢֻͷǳ˺ףƺڻá
ֻҲи
ڡ
ԥ躣˲佫ٶ£һ⣬۵ٶҲ
ǳ˵ڴͷӸµĸ·۷ٶ죬һȵĳǰ棬΢һЩ躣۵ٶȣ˹ȥǰ߶ʱͶһ
ţʹΧ
~
ŭĵͺ·һֻſںϣӲںıĿǳϣХһӴβճһɽǰᱻһӳķ顣
~һڿеֻȥ죬͵𶯳תۼͷɵǰ¥ߵצۺݺץȥϵ˶ɫ䣬ֻݷɵϿգնһӰ
һӣֻ﷢˹
ֻиˣһ뾯䷶ΧȻƥ
ǳɫ΢䣬Ĺ£˿֣ûͻᱻ䡣
һѵǳ߳Уϸ貵Ĺԣӿź˵
ǳ⣬ơ
ŭ͵ػӶߵǹ⳱ˮӿ˳ڻһ޼᲻ݵĽ⣬նӭצϡ
ͬʱϵҲǷԼĹĳβ
~
ƥֻݱǳһն˿ȥӴڿз˼Ȧȴ͵˳ɫ԰˲١
һߣβ˵ĺʧȥ˴룬ϡ
۾һζվȣֱӱˣǳ˵ҲΪ˵ãۣһ֮Ȼ·ֻ֮Уʧ
ǳ꼤սֻʱ򣬷˫ʹҲûš
Щעһʱ䶼ǳϣָᵯ̫֮Ѹٽ˵ڶ̬һƥϸСһ˱ִִһֱ£ᴩ档
һ̣͵һ
~
΢΢ĺϣȻһ׿ľˣһξЩԽκһɽ嶼ĳغˮͷ˦ı
ǿںıǾӺˮľ
ϵĹδ˵Щ𵽵Чȴǳϵĺã˸ߣ÷Ѹٽӽ
ʱǿҵвӱ
һֻޱȣϳۼ׵˺˾ˣ躣һƺݺ
һӣӺջص̫֮ӵϣЮŴĺˮֱӺֻӲƴһǡ
~
ɫ΢䣬ֻϴҪȻɫ䣬͵ػζҲѪ
ںȴûܵӰ죬̫֮Ӻƶ˶٣躣ץ˹
ͻȻ
޾Ĺƾճ֣շ׷صϢӯⷽصÿһ䡣
ʧһ꣬һγˡ
ںͣƺԥǼ躣ۣץȡЩ꣬ҲɵĹ򣬷躣ۣΪһ⣬ֱӴ
ڽǰһ̣΢ʹָһĹ˹
ͷһۣϡ䣬ֻܿںƵ¶岿֣ģĺӰ
ֻͷ顣ȻֻȻǿޱȣԼ׶Ըġ
һʱ򣬿»Ҫϡ
ǳ˫ʹߣҲûõȥֻ
һ⣬˵ˣϵˣ˵˶УҺ˴ۣǿдسɹ
޴ˮݴײ𣬽ڣһ·졣
ոս죬˶ʱ˿
һֵûصĹ䣬ҲʹΧûǿı̾ᣬһĹ
Χ˲Ϸ̾Ƕǵһ졣
ȴ쿴עѸٱһȡĹ



732 ĺô
һ꣬Ƿһ̣ʹȡġ
ΪЩĹ꣬麣ıﲻϧ̾ԶСĵ򣬸鹥ҿ顣
ֻ֪Ǿļսͽ棬ŻƽЩǲˣûЭĿܣЩԱĳɳƺҪǲǿ
ȡҲһЩˣܿ죬ͷ֣걻ȡ󣬾Ȼڡ
·ǽһһ壬һ̣иܵ˱֮ҩ֮ҩ˼Щ֮õĶ˵ȴ͵ĶҩȻһ㣬÷еޱȵʹ嶼ƺȼա
ȵֻհĸоͣʱȻǳһϸܵĺˮ
ȻǱ֮ҩ֮ҩףԡЦһ׼ջɫȴͻȻ΢䡣
оȻտʼʱ쳣ʹƽ󣬾Ȼǻ棬÷ǣ֮ǰںͷӲƴܵ˲ɡ
ƣҪָûôףҲҪһСʱصĻҪʱָӽһĹ򣬾ȻȬˣ
ʱķȻܹ˵ģڹ֮ǰܸоڵơ
꣬ܰһָƣо죬ĿⲻɫƳǳ˫ʹߣǵɫȻ쳣ˣԷ񣬻ܸоǵûоת
ָܻƣ˲޶ԡ
ʱ伫ǲûоЩ֮꣬ҩ֮ҩĽۣҲóġ
Ҳ˵ָƵЧֻԷЧ
Ϊһʱڲų⣬֮Ӱ챾ɢ漣ǰһηҲû̫죬û´ĻӦúйء
ÿ޵嶼ͬѴ䷽壬˻֮͸޴ӲοˣһֻԼȥھ
˻ָ⣬ҵҲһܿ췢µı仯
֮ͻ֮Ĵ÷ԽԽǿ⣬ƺµ;
ֻϧһ꣬ķҲСЩ벽ܼıϣ¸оУԶЩŻ
᲻Ӱ죿ָơżһֱˡ
һУǲö֪
~
˿Щҵ˼ƽ
ȵʱټ֤ˣҲǶ棬ΣԷԣҲһĺϢ
ĿͶԶ쿴
ݣʧˡ
麣ų½٣ò˶Щʣڲǵڶ죬ųǷǳ΢СӰҲǺܴڷһоûУʱͺͱһκζѹ
죿
¶ɫžǾϲ
Ļõ˷ָԣÿһκдڣƺϴӹһ㣬˵ˬ
Щ߿ԸоÿһΣԼʵǾϲ
һֱ棬ͬʱ䣬ʵԻԶԶߣͻƿҲ׾٣ڴ侳¾ǰ벽ˡ
ĵطֻɾݣ첻һεģߵĲһ㣬ʵķԾ
Ҳ¶ϲɫ
ڵĽлתţŵɫ֮յ֮ٶ֮죬ԶԶʱ֮ӵĻԾҲױա
˶ϲɫ
治ǡ졣˫ʹߺǳҲһ𾪣֪ôô󣬿ʹضˡ
ȻĻıʵҲǿΣҲߡ
Ѱ֤֮ɡ˫ʹߵ
˵ͷ
²˳٣жɡǳʱҲûгơ
Ȳҵ֤֮˵Ȼ˳
Σҵ֤֮ϣ˵һµġ
ѡһѸԶ
Ŀɨܡ
ǳֵĵطںϡ
Ĵ󺣣ŲͬżһЩ˻Щˮ˺̱֮һſŹԲľ壬Ѹɢݳ
һĻ÷ףԼ֮ͨ麣֮ϡ


733 һº

ˮ쳹գŷĶƥ̫֮Ӽһʮ׿ĺһӴĹӰ棬˵װ
â飬һ˫չ׿Ӱ͵ػɳȥǰٶһӱ仺
ʱǰѸ˾롣
ড
ֻޱȵı﷢ŭ˻˫ÿһȶٶȿ쵽˼㣬ȻÿӽʱӶ̫֮ӣشɳȥȻֻ񳤵ĺıӿǿҵĹԣĴҲˣ̫֮ӵܺε֮ǿ޷Խ׳ذ벽
躣ϣǷɳһĽˣҲǸһ鷳
ڣ˲ٿͷʵ֪ζ˲ˣһʵ˻ȶųȥ
Ѳıǽˡ
躣ϣһ̫֮ӻ񣬶ĸҲǼʮήҡ
ֻѾҴˣͽˡɨۣվص躣Լķ䡣
һߴԱߵ۴ǳϴͷﱧǰǳĿ⾯Ĵܡ
ص󣬷ϵήҶʱʧ
ֻȻǿǰ벽ܼıǷҲڵήҵĳ̶ȣ֮Ի޷ǲ׾
ȻΣء
ء
ǽĵ졣
һĿ£еᡣ
ֻոձ˵Ѿ֪ڣ׷ɱǵĵڼֻ벽ܼˡ
ıһֻ侳ģ벽ܼıɼһ·һͣûͣ۵ٶȶǿľˣǱļʣһЩǿı﹥ǡ
һս˲ʮİ벽ܼȻڿ£ûɱκһֻսƲ⣬մȾһЩѪ
ȻΪûб䣬Ǻأڱı϶ǸǿҵѪˣһ㣬ǿı﹥
Ϊ˱սǳꡢ˫ʹԼս
Ȼ׷ɱİ벽ܼﲻֹһֻĻǻһ֡
ֻ׷۵ıϾ󲿷ֻ·ʱ򣬷һι˻ǿԳܡ
ԼһСʱ󣬷߳˷䡣
ʱֵģȻǳ꣬ڴˣҲһ˽⡣
Ҷء
ǳ˵ֻһ꣬Ȼʵϣȴһλۿ۵İ벽ǿߣе鱦ǹ֮ǿޱȣǳڶŵǰʮǿ鱦
ڰ벽ٳҶغһˣҲ԰ʱͣĳɾͣηﶼǹʶĿ
ͷȴԵȻʧɫҲǿ˳ۣƵԭ
һˡ
۵ۣ˫ʹУתͷԷ˵ͷ
Ӱ
˫ڵİ벽ǿߣҶô԰ƽҲΪ͵˸С˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ʹõ鱦һѱѩ׳Ϊ˿Ҷصǹ֮
ɶЩ֤֮ﵽݺݻӳһʮ׿Ľ⣬·һضϣɢݳССľȥ;ǻΪ޾
Ҷǹ֮зŭ
̫Σˡ˫ڵӰһԵ
⻰˶¶ͬɫտʼʱĿϲʧ
طȻãɾƵģʵÿʱÿ̶Ҳܵġ
̫Σˡ
һߡ
Щ侳ͨޣӵûзǻţЩˣʣˡ
ʱ䣬ôٶȣֹ˰ǵӰӶûҲûˡ˵
죬ˣп֪ǵλãϧҪôס
Խ룬ΣҲԽԽ
벽ܼıǻӦ򲻹ҲӣȻ˼򵥡
ǴܼıҲ
ԶԶģǿƾѹ˺ѣǱõ磬ĻᶼûС
ҶغӰʮֱ
벽麣ʵǺܳԿģΪòƿؿռ麣ղ˺ģ´ҲС
жôΣգֻܴ
ȥȻΣأô˻ȥĻ·һ
ûõ֤֮ǻȥҲûк³
ʱţ˵ԽԽĽ³Ӱ޷ƽ
麣ųԽԽǿʱϵԽǾԽΣա
змۣԱ֤ȫ
ɶ񣬿ɶ񣬿ɶ񡭡Ҷظ鷳굽˼㡣
˭Ҳ֪֮ﵽ
;ȱ÷򣬿Ȼûҵκһ֤֮ܺӦϡ
һЩʲˣˣЩ߲ǲͷ
˵ĽʧȥʱڣϢһ֤ĵطҵˣʱǽ麣һº



734 
һɫĴ½ǰ
ԶԶ½ı涼һɫ㹻ԶĻʱ򣬾ǿһȼŵĴ½ĺϣǳۡ
ûЩ˵ȼմ½ɫĴ½˶¶ϲ֮ɫ
ҵˣҵˡ
֤Ķ֮к֣ܶеһ־ȼմ½ϡ
Щ֮֣һδ֪ģһ֪ģǰ߿˸Եжϣںߣʥṩ鱨
Ȼһֱ׼ŴЩҲǺ޳ɹλŴδ죬ʵ̫ǿʹô麣ĵޣ޷ǿߣ˿˵ǵǹƥж
̽ʵǺõЧο֪
ûҵǣȴһЩеĶ
⣬ʥˡ
ʥǿ֪֪ǵĴ˲֪ǵʵҲܴģһ˽⣬֮ϡ
õĻЩ֪Ķ֮
Ȼ麣ÿһ춼ޱȹʥ̽ĵ˵ǲֵһᡣ
ǡɴʥ̽ĵļǷǳã
ǰɫ½ȻЩĺ񣬿ɷҶǶΪͬһ
Ӧòͬһȼմ½ûǴĻֵȼմ½ȻԶԶȥȼɿĻܿɫɫռ˰˳ңǷֵȼմ½ȴһɫûС
أҪȼմ½ϾУ㹻ˡҶش
ӰҲ¶Цݣظ
˶ϲɫ
֪Ķ֮϶õѡ񣬱ϾЩδ֪ģжҪǵ۹⣬ĸ˵ָƣһǧĴȥȴ֣ĳҲС
ȼմ½϶еóȥȴ˭Ҳл˵
ȼմ½һȦȷûǿ̾ۺܿɽ˴½
վϣԿĴ½ϣ֥ͨһ׶ߣΧһɺ⣬ȥǳ档
֥

Ϊ֥ʲôǻȷʵеġ
һصͣž躣ۡ
ץʱ䣬ȡЩ֥ȻڿȥûΣգҲҪԷһ
Ľ˷׷Ӧǣæɢ˿ȥȡ֥ˡ
һˣ˴½
һˮڷܣ˷һͽЩ֥𣬴˻
ڷֱϣ۾Щ֥͹¡
ȻⶫֻҪһ֤꣬ȥ졣
ɻ֥ôҲǶľˣĺôҲŹ
Χܿ챻ա
ȼմ½ϣЩ֥⣬һжǳɫµĴأǻһƬ¶Ҳطĸߡ
ৣৣ
Ӱ˸ѷΧ
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ˣҶغӰ
˿̣˵ĿⶼǱޱȣŷĿ⣬·ڿһˡ
ҵ֥ǰ˻ֺܱͬΣգڣȴֱ˺
һΪǻȻصŶ֡
ûǸҪҶЦΪڲԼҪԣжʱ¶֮ɫ
ȻΣգһ·ǻҲˣıǿһЩıһЩֻҪ·ߵõû㣬ûκ𡣡ӰĿĿŷ
ȷʵΣգֻҪӵԶˣֻ׷ɱĿԺܵ͡
˿˿ۣҪԽͣҲ¶˾ģɱ
ΪȱͲСҶۿŷе񣺡㲻һͨڵķмǿĵرŸôţɱ㣬ĵرǵˣֻǿ
һ·Ѿ̵ĺܾˣڿԲȥ
Ҹ㣬ˡ
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һģĵرҵġӰĪ⣬˵ԼĿģĸо쳣֮ԭʱ򣬾͸оʱַ֮ǱѰҲʱ򣬾Ͷ˼
ĵر͹ҡҶҲûп
ӷֱӷϵĶ
ɱǲκѹǳˣǵɱ˾ɱˣĻʲô˼ɡ
ҲΪκ
λ벽֣ʵԶڷ֮ϣ޴ӣǵ·ռ䣬Ҳá
麣ռҪʱģҶغӰôᡣ


735 ҵ
ˡ
Ҷ⣬ƺ˷ĳ
ӰĮĴ󣬾ǺһӣѰ·
ȻôаգǾ;ɣ¹˭֡


һָ̫֮ӳڷǰĿ䣬Ȼ˵Ŀ⣬ȴǳ˼Ͳмͷ·ʱĲԼҶغӰһ㡣
ͷˣ֪
ҶǺε԰ļΪЦУ͵ǰһеǹ֮ݺն
~
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ԶҶ׻о֮ɫ۵һѪͬڵ㵹ɶһɽײĵ
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תŷͷֻҪܰȫӳȥȴģ֣֮ĳܷŹġ
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Цܵǹ㣬ֳǳǿΧҶغӰӴܵӰΪ֮һ١
ѹƣƽʱǻܲںʵڣȴǴӻǵٶȡ
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иɱ͵һӣ̫֮ӳһЩӰ͵غ˹ȥţһӷڳ
ӰΪ֮ĶĵرΪʱ֣֮ϧҶ֣ɱ˶ᱦȻʱ֣ӰȴǱһƬ
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ǳΪһâײӰ
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Ӱˡ
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736 ɨ
ֻҪصۣӳȥ
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麣ռ䲻ףһ£ȡ̥
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737 
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طһХ̫֮ӣ˾˵ݺݵĺ˺󷽵һֻϣǿޱȵйʱֻ벽ܼıڵײ뺣˾޴˻
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һ˶УȷʵҪΣ̫ˣҶغӰŵʱ򣬺ôܰæֵһЩѹڣȴȫҪһеʱ䣬Ͳòõö
ֻʣöˡ
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Ǵһֻǿıֻͷ飬ټļֻһЩı֪У躣ۺֱӹһ١
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Ŀģҵ꣬ȻҲУǾܲҵᡣ
١
֮ǰӣ̽ĵǲǧˣ֪ǲãǱԭûзһ
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ĿǰңԶˮƽϣһ쳹صĺߴ뷽۽硣


738 ֲ

͵վ¶ϲɫ
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Ȼ߲ͨεģʣҲǿȷ麣ļޣ滹иߵ졣
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һֻ벽ܼıҪȴʱ֡
躣ۣһξ룬Ŀɨ·ȷֻﲻٳֺ󣬲˿
麣Խ뺣ףܵѹԽͬĵԽϷѹҲǼӣ麣ųѾˣټЩѹ߲˵ʵĸ˲򲻵ѣ躣ڼշУҲܳ־á
ע⵽ڿ·ϣֵıԶطĶ࣬Ҳӵǿܿһֻǿı
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Ĺ꣬ңֻ̾ڹ귶Χڣ鲻ҿǴʱڷǰͨ쳹صӿֳ޾Ĺ꣬ԲﷶΧڣɢŴĹꡣ
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ԶĻһӴޱȵĻںϣԽԽԿ塣
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ðĻԿ壬ǽĻ̾ŵı˵ˣиǳһĹԣĻ
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ܿ죬΢΢
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⼸ֻǿ飬ǴܼıȫǲѴ֮
Ĵܼﲻ٣ǾԶ֮оǵǿϢ̱ãû뵽һ˺üֻ
ҪҪðգ
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ȨƬ̣˾ģȽ躣Ȼ躣ٶȼ죬Ҳܳܰ벽ܵһιô౾ӲĻǱٵ³
׼ж֮ǰһοȷôȥ·ߣһۣȴͻȻ͵һ
ǡʲô¶֮ɫ
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һۿȥȻ֣Ǽֻܼı⣬Ȼһֻ顣
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ǼֻܼıǲҿкԵһξ롣
տʼʱ򣬻Щ֣ǷֻĿֲ󣬲׹ηֲֻ顣
⻹ǷһοҰϵ飬޽С
ֲ飬˴ܼ𡣡һ㶼ûлɣǳԽܼıȻʹ˵ﻹûȣҲ麣ֲˡ
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ңԭļƻ̱ȡģӴܼıǰǾûգֲֻܴƤӵߡ
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ûһİգգԲð
ϣԥתͷߣ뿪Զ󣬲Ž躣ȡ˳
ô죿
üͷ



739 
ԭĴ㣬ҵ꣬ЩԼá
ڿȴǲʵˡ
̾ıǿ
ȻʼգǼֻܼıԼ̾ϵĿֲ飬û֪ⲻûзԼȽ϶ԣҪȥĻǾһˡ
뿪
üͷ塣
ĿǰΪֹҲֻһɣҲȥ
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Ҫ˵ջȷʵٵĿⲻ˵ûĵرˡ
ǡǡ෴һ·ϣٷ˼ĵرǸű̾ţǴ֣õǡ
һֱǶǱͱΪأǿ޷ֵıﲻûУ֮ʼûǣΪûдɱ䣬ȻɱԵʡ
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΢΢ҡͷдܵʵ·ϷֵһЩĵرȡˣֻдѹԵڲɱ˰벽ܼıǰ£ǿȡĵر
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ںͱƴܿ췴Ӧ˹һȡ͸ǿɨһۡ
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ˣһǰ벽ߣһǵޣȫԸסֻ͹ͬ˱ϾһεսУȴɲ϶óĽڽڰˡ
λѣŸмһֺӷ˷ĵæеİ벽ܡ
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˼һ£֡

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~
ֻ̫֮ܲӻУʱڵ뺣ˮУը˴Ƭ˻
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ϲɫۿˣȴһλ͵ǿԮȻĴ
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˫ֳܿʤ
ֻȻǿ󣬵Ǹʤһ䷽ЩǻҲǼߣۼòУʱҪȥ
ŵƺɱۣ׷еһֻ޲ţǿĹ׷ϣ·ĺˮǱ˾κˡ
£̫֮ɢûȥֻޣȴǷӽ󺣵·
ֻ벽ܼĺȷʵǿ󣬿·ʵȫټͣҲѪˣս֮󣬱ȫһڣ
ȻǸϾɱ
΢ȻҲܲ³ʱŵϵѪ⣬ǳޱȵۡ
Ʊػֲı
ֻޣӴŵѸ˹
ֵܣ²˳٣Ȼǣٺúøлһûžʹ



740 ֮ǣϣ
ǣȻǡ
ŵĻɫʱ΢
Ȼв²⣬Щ˿Ǵǳģ²Ͼֻǲ²⣬ĿҲǴڵġ
̤Ьٴȫѹ
ҶءӰСӺ󣬷ͲҵǱָˣж͸ˣ֪׼ȥʱǵˡ
ּǷǳСģͱҵˡ
һ仰ŵûٿÿ˶ȡһɢ
侳Χɱֻ벽ܼĺʱˣҲǼ뿪Ҳеһ̣һâӿסһͨ޾Զͨ
ϵĹâһʱͶ˺޾ͨʧ
ѵǿռ䴫ͣ
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745 
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746 ض
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747 
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748 ú
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һֱͷôֲֿ̾ᣬκλᣬ⼸ĵϣҲ˽⵽ΧͬĿֲ飬Զܼ
ֶο϶УѰ·
ˮȴһ÷ɱΪˮ棬仯ıϾԿκ
Ҫ֪麣黹żģƵ飬޷ðģˮȴܽ
˵ɱΪϤϰԶױҲа취
ʹûˮģˣ
ͺƣϰҲͨҪð׶ˣҲǷԶصֱԭ
ָᵯˮʱ˳ȥ˺ϣʴ˽ȥǼѪ⡢ȵڶʴ
һϣļɫ˷ɢѸٱš
оڵ¶ֻ֮ɫƴҪǱȴԶҲֻĿŻˮ
ˮ˺壬ֻӡһܡ
һ̣ǰֻڷǰǺܿԵġ
ӡĹ̲죬ʴ֮һʱԶϲӿһֻӴĺӺð˳
ܿͷڸ߿бץͬ飬ʱ췢ŭ𣬴Ӻ˳ƿշ
΢͵һӣ̫֮ӿţʱֻµĺһ
ţж
ĺϣһͬӰտٷš
һӰ΢Σڴͷź£Ŀͺսĵط
Ӱζ˳֣£ɢϢ
һ·׷ٶȻ麣̫׷ѰףԿ϶벻̫ԶΪ׵ĺŵ
ղž͸ӦǸսо͸ˣһõĵرϵĻ϶Ǹˡһ΢ֵĺ˵
Ϊ׺˵˵ͷ
һͨޣǿȥǰ벽ܼɱ練ƣҪûڻҪľѶȡһ˵
ǸûֵҪؾ
ͨޣò˾˿϶ڱĵطҲͰˣһռˡ
ʲôʱץˣ̱ƹҾͲĹͷӲȥʱ򣬻ԹԵİѾһЦ
˲һһʩáеֵĺ촽Ѫ

ںˡ
ɫ󸲸˺ÿһ֣þеĺɫ
ɹӡֻϢ
һУһɫҺʱӺϷɳŻˮ뿪ֻҲѸٻָԭ״


750 
ˮӺ룬
ڰ;Ѹٷű仯
ɫҺУһ㺣ɫѸɢÿһ֣ȻصʱˮѾ˺ɫҺ壬ڿб仯ţ̬žұ仯һҺ峯ֻģݻ
գһֻ͵ĺڷǰ̬ͱסĺһģһһģӿӡġ
ɹˡϲˮɹӡֻϢʹú󣬾ܱģκβ
˵ز˾
ĿĴﵽԥеľ͵ɿų˱
ֻסһˣͻȻųʱסˣһʱûзӦӴʱƽɽ׹ȥ
~
͹ŷֻ󾪣һŭ𣬹˲ٹٷ׹ĺ
ᣬæ躣ۣԶ

ûۺеһģһСӡ
Ӱۣں󷽣ңңʱ躣ۺͷжʱ¶пͱ֮ɫ
ǿۣǰ׷ʱ
ͻȻ
ҷӿһӰӺð˳ǡǡסȥ·
ҵǵ·϶Ŀ䣬̧һ¹˺Ӱϡ
޼ɵ
߸벽ܼǿߣֻҪ̫ǿ飬麣Ǻߵģۿŷ躣ٶȾˣҲģ׼俪·顣
ȻһǿṥںӰϣԷû֮а㱻ɳȥǿ󹥻ϣʯ󺣣׾ͱ
ǡоһЩɫ΢䡣
ӰӺ׸𣬽ţһǿĲ˼ϢӺķ
ڵıϢ֮ͷҲصģԶӴܡ
һӴӰӺ׸һֻ޴ޱȵĺ¶İͳǧף¸ɫıۼףĮĿ˶ɣˮϻһſССľ塣
ãǴܼıһӾˡ
ҲȫǺȻɫ䡣
ܼıҪɱ׾١
û뵽ӺðģȻǿ飬Ҫǣǻ
ãӡɫ䣬Ѿˡ
Ȼĺŭŭ𣬱Ŀ⣬Ҳϡ
ԶҲ¶ɫû뵽ϵսȻ˺
һЩĻԺģ¾Լˡ
ڣ˶ȥ
ԥ£͹ѡܣܼıȰ벽ܼǿ̫ˣһҲûκʤ㣬ˣҲ÷е
źעĴʱȫԦ躣ۣԶ˵ء
󣬹˴ͷͻص
麣ĸ߲磬ܽԶ̴;Ѿ˲ˣͷҲƣսУͺױǿŵ´ʧܣֻڰȫ£á
麣ȻΣաصȫ򣬷ʱ˿
˭Ҳ֪ƽĺ»᲻пֲ飬ͺñ⺣Ļ֪滹ôǿı
һξԼʵС
ж·򣬷ٻصǣһöͷͣ뿪

~
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ǵΪȫڹһǻͷǱ˼㡣
ˣǸ˲ƴۣ۶ٵŽʱ˺ۣûһõģصճ˾ͨˤ˵ϣ˹ȥ
СǸƲһֵܵңŭ˼㣬̲סһѷθըˡ
Ҳܽܣǲʵǣһǿҷ鷳ģȴǸ˹ȥƽ׵˷ĵƣβ

ƣһ㶼֪飬֪ˣҲں
뿪Ǻ󣬷躣ϣһ
ǰ죬Ҫ̫ˡ
ĿǰѾ̽ĵڣжʮߴÿ֮ľ룬ƣ˴ңԶ
صǣԿͷǰĵطûнݾˣֻܿԼйȥ
֪һγȥʱڣͲˡ
µʱ䲻ˣĽ˻ȼմ½ҲҪϹȥ
ʱܽȡ
һ·ȥҿѡһȥš
ʮ
ųЩ̫Զ˷̫ʱһλȥѡΪĿ꣬Уȷ֣гɲľƵҲǺȻС
ΪʱţԦ躣ȫٷС
һβͬǰеͼ֪λãЧʱãȻҸߵ̫ˡ

ϵ˵һ
ԶԶģĿңңͶ˹ȥ
ţ١
һ
һıȻٵľˣֻ꣬ӴޱȵıǶǴܼı˴˶ļԶྯŶԷ
ǣ
ǰɺȼͬһʱҲóȻж
ĵȴƬ̺󣬷ĿⶸȻһ
һֻԶһֻӥֳͨɫ˫չףӹ·ڳĶӰ
벽ܼı΢
ֻӥȶų򣬳˹ȥٶȼ죬躣ۡ
ʱȫעϸĿֻӥһգգ
ֻӥϣܿ⴦ΧڵıΪʲôôٵԭ
ˣϾܽ귶ΧĿ׷ȥ
ӥ˹꣬ٶȣ˫һȾܳȥ
ȻӥƺǲʲôеٶȻڹΧţɲǰ
üͷĬĬԹš
ӥоΣգԥǰǹ̫ˣۿڴֿɼջ̫ѵʮӺӥطһ͵㴳˹귶Χ
ڵӥ̲˲Ĺ꣬Ȼûж
ԶһֻĽ̤ˮںĬĬŹĽɫͻͻȻ۾Ŀӥϡ
ড
ӥ֣͵񶯳򣬾Ҫӹڷɳ
Ǿʱ
𡣡
ɫͻŭХǿޱȵɨķʮﷶΧڣ汻˳
׵ӥû˿ֱķ飬ȫʬ
ɫ䣬뺣漫Զûбĺ˴򵽣ǵصľȴ
麣κιᱻɫͻһХ֮£벽ܼӥʮﷶΧľˡ
ƣûмҪں֮ϡ
ֻɫͻûгԽܼ𣬱Ȳǿ飬ҲԶˡ
Хһɱӥ󣬽ɫͻָԭ״ļֻȫûᣬ·֮ǰһĻûзһ㡣
ѹ֣Ĺ귶Χڣô١Ȼ
ɫͻȱǲ￿Ȼղô꣬Ҳˡ
Щҡ
ЩֲԣûóȻжҲ³
ﲻС
ԥͷ뿪ڶ
ֹ졣
˵ڶ
ϸĹ۲Ƭ̺󣬷ҡͷ
ҲС
ڶ͵һơ
ǵʮʱ䣬ֱϵ
ǣҲų
͵ûǰǰӣǵĹ귶ΧڣԶǿ⣬ҲıСģҲǿġ
֮ûѡΪ֣ҲųߵΪһЩıﱻ˽ȥҲһЩ߱Ȼɱ
ʲôɣһʱҲоδ֪ڣҲǿԸʲôȫ顣
ȥĻܱŽȥҲпܱɱ
ߵļǸռһ롣
ȻԸðգԣҲǼҪģײ
ֻʣһˡ૵
Ҳҵĵһϵľ񻹸𺳣ӡ
΢ɣûǴĻʱ۲ĽΧڣǳĺƽǰҪõöࡣ
Сиϣ
ﶼɵĻֻ뿪ˣֻȥ
麣쵽ˣɲɣҶҪȼմ½
ӦĽˣҪһºϻȥ
ȼմ½ǼΪңԶȫٸ·Ҫ϶ʮ֮ãһ·ڼߵշУ˼ѹ躣ȫٷš
ҺǸ߶ȣıҲǲ࣬ûϣ״̬ϰ벽ܼı϶׶༪٣ʹɽġ
Ҳеͼǰ£ζô
ûе飬ܿٴ̤;
պϤ³ڷǰ



751 

ںԶĵطͿ躣ۼٶȣʱ
صӴڷǰ
ٶȽ躣ΧһƣİڣԶԶ躣۾һƮİƣڸ߿Ʈš
İƣ麣߿յǣһ㶼ۡ
ϡ
ԭ躣ۣȻûǷ¥İϣȻĵرҲĹЧ躣ϣܽΪһơ
Ȼֱ仯ԶԶȲϻˮ⵽Ļ̾ͻƮɢٷеĻҲᱻɢֻٶȻ²ʺء
ǰȥǿ֮ۡ
׼ܿٴοľ䣬Ĺڣߡ
ǿ顣
΢΢
̽ĵڣײβľҲ֪ˣϡ
֡
鱨ϣǳϡ٣ĸָޱȵĴۡ
ΣգǶĶ塣
ֲֿ飬ʵԶܼıҪȵһĽɫͻҪǿ࣬ǿ顣
ϣÿһǿ̾ᣬǿޱȣṲ棬ΧڣҲһֻǿ飬һЩûǿ̾Ҳɫͻ㣬üֻԶǿһܼıǿ̾١
~
˶
ѾһˣҲϣ
ûмж۲š
ȻĿǰȽϺƽû໥ս֣ûеġ
ͿˡĿһתһֻֻߣͬһ塣
Ŀ׷ֻߣȻĽ˹귶Χʱ˿
ȻǷǳƽ
ȻҲȫĺƽԹԱܽȥĻûһֻԸֻĻڵıӦǸߵľˣʵȻˡ
ע⵽ÿһʱ䣬һЩӹг
ǶǽʱܾõģڷǰѾˣżһЩ񫣬Ըļֻܼıͻ֣ӳĵͺ
Ȼǵ˼Ҳܲ³ЩعصıǱ˽Ȩ˵ʱԵĻԣͲö֪ˡ
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۲Ľ÷⣬ʱȣҲûм˷ʱ䡣
ӷϷ˳仯亣ĻˮһȥɫĹ𽥸Ѹٱţ躣Ҳɲˡ
һ
ɳ躣ۣڿչѸٱţò˶ãһֵֻĺڷǰֻõĺһģһ
躣ϥ£󲿷ҲתƵϡ
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󲿷ʵϣһûˮ仯ɱϼѵѡ񣬴ʱֻ˳ɵʵǿҲǰ벽ܼ
ٶȣӦ壬ӿз䣬˺ȥ
ϰԣĺһޣ˭
ž~
ıܶ࣬ζʱһβͰһֻ侳ı˸ͷԷһҿԣæӵԶԶġ
֮ʵСı׷˱ܡ
ЩǿıҲûкͷͻŲϿ꣬Ҳ
~
βһڣζ٣ޣ˹ڡ
ûκ״ıûһֻԷĵзӦҲһ
һæν˿մǿסеĿϲſڴ
Ǳ壬յ˵ЩЧģԭģЩϻ᲻˺Ӷ¶ˮȷʵǿĸıǱϵġ
ϣ˽ȥǿʡ
֪ˮЧЩı᲻һʧ
ҡҡͷûϸ룬ڿɲǿЩʱ򣬱˵뻢ѨΣأˮҲʱġ
ſڣڴΧĹ
ڣת̥Щ̾ͱתƵ̥Ŀռ䡣
һЧǾ˵ġ
Ĺ걻һ̶ûͣ٣Ĵھһ޵׶ٶĹ궼ܱɡ
ıȻЩ̰꣬Щ꣬б͵ʱʱͻͣȫ󣬲Ż꣬ЧϣԶԶ緽

Źꡣ
꣬ԶĶö࣬ΧڵĹޣȻԷ˿ֲΧҲǺܿյشĹ궼ߡ
Ա߼ֻ۾ֲ꣬Ƿ˲ĵͺ𣬲Ҳûж˵ʲôԹԵ߿ȥĿռܴ󣬷żһ
һߣҲûпŸ꣬Ķ̫ˣΧڵĹ꣬ڣѾܾˣıҲֻʹܼıԼֻǿİ벽ܼܳ
˱֣ǼֻܼıҲǶ࿴˷ۡ
ҺûзַðƵġ
ž~
һӺ洫˷ϣΪ
~ŭתͷ
һֻսıﲱһȻЩӣ漴͵ͺָŷǰ
һ㶣ŷǰ˿
ԭıѾ뿪ˣȻʱ޵ˡ
ע⵽ıѭһĹأΪ˲¶ûıǰȥռǰλá
ԽԽܼЧҲǸߡ

ĵҲ𽥱󣬸Ĺ糱ˮӿ˷·һ磬⾪˵һĻòٱﶼǿķ
ոֻһʱ궼ˡ
ʱɿš
ǰţ޾ĹϿΪһִĳ磬ͷ·һ޴Ĺ©ԴԴϵĹ괹䣬̥ٳĿռ䡣
ǸռǳĴ󣬾֪жԶڣԶԶûбĸоȻԶû̥Ŀռļޡ
š
ѵõʱô
ǰ淢Ŀܿ췽ǰֻǼֻܼıˣȻ¼䣬޾Ĺ걻ߣγɴΧգģ֮Ƕѹȥ
⼸ֻܼı·𿴹㿴ŷ
㣬ܲ
һͻȻڷԺ



752 ػȼմ½
˭
ȻȻֱԺ
ֵǣ֪κһԣȴ˼Ҫ֪ڿû֪ϣ֪Ҳ벻˱ԡ
˭Ժ˵΢ݣĿɨܣȻǸһκ󣬾Ҳûг֡
ıǼֻܼıڣǿΪ˵ٶȶ𾪣Ȼ˵ˡ
תĶȴûֹͣĻ᲻ݴ
޾ĹϷ䣬һâ٣뷽У׳ޱȣҲʮ־ˡ
Ǳܴǰδٴ
һʶ̧ͷĿ͸޾ȥÿңԶĸ߿գƲһ˫۾ߴϡ
ͷ΢׹͵Ժģǿ飬
ͣһζȫûһľ˵Ѫײеĸоǿ飬ʵΣԶԶıҲΪ⴦Żƽͣûвһеɱ
Ŀ˻ûйĹע
ģҲ֮
ûпıʣ̬Ҳƽˡ
˼û˷ʱ䣬ȫԸΧĹ꣬ͬһ㣬̡
Ĺ걻У̥Ŀռ䡣
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𣬺~
һֻܼı﷢ͺǰ˼ƺҪϳȥϾʱѾˣǣһ룬ƺյʲôźţ¶֮ɫž˻ȥ
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ǸڷԺҲǽѹ
һ̣оһɴϣΧľＫٺˣعʱѾ˹֮⡣
һԭʱ䵽ˣףԡɫ΢䣬ע⵽ˮĳʱ䶼Ѿӽ˼ޣ˵ڹͣʱܳͣʱ䡣

̷ӦҲֻ׿ϣŻᱻڹôʱ䣬һջҲǳĴôʱ꣬ʱ̥ռĹ꣬һ˵֡
뿪ˡ
һ˺ˮ棬ζ뿪
躣ϣ۾صƲ㣬½ȵ˽ӽĵطһϸСӰƿˮٷ
ǽ˱عԭε
Ѹٷɻطԣֱϣţ𣬻ص躣ۣٶޱȣһЩûзӦ
ص躣̵ۣԶ˴˵ء

ȼմ½
һԶȼմ½Ͽտʼ½
վ躣۴ͷĿ·ȥ
ûˣ
ȼմ½ϣһˡ
üѾȫ·ˣκǾʵ̫Զˣһµޡ
Ľˣ뿪ˣȻռҲ޷϶
ףǶǣĿһɨ΢΢һ漴躣½̽·ĵϣһ鱻ʯ״ɽʯڿշȥȡǰ
֪ܼܲʱϻһֻ飬лȥˡʯϵһЩ֣֣ЩˣĿɨܿϢ
Ľ뿪ˡ
ܺãռûþһ֧飬֧Ա뱸λ벽ܼǿ߾ڣȨ֮Ǽ֧飬һ뿪ʯϵϢܻķ
뿪Ҳá
˵ͷڵͼ˵·ҪȥֻҪͿˡ
麣£Զûļޣôȥ
عֻҲҪԡ
ûõĹ꣬ҲҪúоһ
ûԶ룬ȼմ½ܰûб̾ᣬչʺϲҲѰұĵطˣѡ
躣۷ȼմ½ϥֱϲŵͻſڣһСɹ
ʮ꣬ڷǰ·׹ȥ
Ӵ麣Ĵ󺣻ߴ½ɽʯǾͻʧ
~
׼ſ͵һʮʱУһӴ壬̾ڡ
հоڷڳ֣·һ¯Ǵ졣
Ƭ֮󣬷ų³һڳϢһڣȻޱȣʢ棬ʮ档
ҹȻЧ
۾оϲɫʮܸоԼ·𱻴һ飬ñǰΪǿķȺԣǶԷʵǿȻ࣬ΪյĹ̫ٵԵʡ
Լĺ꣬ȫյԼֻкεȳ̶ȵ
뵽оڴ


753 չ
~
һ꣬ǳ
͵꾡븹У漴ͷҲǹ¶飬Ŀ˱ˡ
⿴ĥʮֵʹ࣬Ϻ󣬷̬;ȴû˿ƣǳ˴Ʒ㣬ʢ֮
ȵӦֻ֮һ꣬÷ա
ŲҲԽԽǿһʼֻһʮ꣬͵˼ޣһ̷Ĺ꣬Ȼϰٵ֮࣬Ծ˵ٶš
ʱš
躣ϣһһεľ޴¯˹¶ȸߵľˣĻ֮УڵȴԽԽǿҲԽԽʢһȻһִشأ︴յĸо·ʲôһ㡣
ڡ
~
ŷ͵ſڣ³һİˣɢ˵¶ȣͬһ磬ֱʮ⣬һ̣ƺڴﵽһٽ硣
͵һҲ¶ʹ֮ɫȻţʵĹԴڳ˳γһ㱦⣬ޱȡ
ǣ
۾̧˫֣ŴӼ͸ʹԣ¶֮ɫ
ڵ״̬˵Ǻõķָӿ޾÷һһеĸо
ָоĵرҲ󣬶ǽ
񻪣Дѡѵǣһε𾪡
޵壬ߡ
ǣĿǰĵޣڶͨޣĽ쾳ޣһʵ󲿷ֶĵرһ첻Ļʵȫĵرϡ
߱޵Եô࣬ߡ
Ⲣ˵ļޣôˡ
˽ѧϰ٣÷֪޻д˵еһͬ壬ȴֲ˵޵ȱݣõޱøΪǿԶԶǰߡ
˵֮ԻΪ˵Ϊ˵磬ûһ˷һεҲ֪ȥ
ҲǱųԵ̬Щ꣬Լ壬Լǿû뵽Ȼľϲ
ţ麣ҵų⣬Ҳ˲١Ƿһô
䡣
ڵĽУƺܵʲô̼Ȼת٣Զ֮ǰ֮ԴԴϵչ뷽ڣٶ֮죬֮ǰ֮࣬麣ӰҲǱЩ
ѵ˵ǿ񻪣ܼӿ֮գϲ
ܿ죬ȷϣⲻżȻҲǴ֮ٶȣȷʵ֮࣬÷ϲĪ
Ҫ֪죬֮ޱȣԶԶһ죬÷ٶȴﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȣȻΪȱٻ֮Ĺؼ󣬿֮ȴԺ˵ٶȶѻţɱ䡣

ûԥѡ˼ܸо廹ԶûеＫޡ
ſڣ³һ꣬ٵ֮ࡣ
ſ˽ȥ
һΣĹ࣬Ȼȴûյĸоڵӿţ飬塣
һ³ա
㡣
޾ıӷڳ˶ڹâ棬һ˵ٶɱţԽԽǿ󣬾Ͷ䣬·ɽ
죬ڷܽ֯һƬ޾ӿţŹ⡣
ڷ·̲һДɢĹԣ˵˼㡣
Ͳ躣ۣ֮УڹԳΧһжڱ𣬿ֲס
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ƫƫȥǺܿ뿪Ҹ׷ѰһسӶܣеıƼֱݡ
ڻ֣αش󶯸λ𣬲һͨڵСˣƾܸӵһʱӲһǺǣ˵ҸǵʱҲһͨС֪ߵغ񣬵ðҡڻԱߣһЦ
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һ˵ӾѿߣǱˣɶ񣬲һڴ˵Ϣ£ҵˣһҪʬΣԽͷ֮ޡ
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ϾͬһˣҲн飬һ֮ͺҳݡڻ
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ǿ⸽ıƺڳһȥһ



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ڻԶһĿ·ȥȻ֣ϲٱðͷһȥ
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֣Ͽյ͵ſһɢҿĹڣͷڷֱϡ

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759 Ҳ͵Ϯ
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˵ô࣬Ҳֻ˵һ䡣Եļž֮УƽҶغӰҲ͵Ϯ



760 ȫɱ
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֣ΣһҪлһ˵ģ壬Ҿһѡ
˫ںǳˣжǿʲô޵ǿߣңҪбɱľ򡣡
Ҿɱһ췭ظɱһѪɺӣɱһ޹⡣Цţ˵ķâһֵңǡ



762 ֮
̸˺ܾá
Ϊ֮ľﲻܲһսΣĸṩǳ˺˫ڵϢһҲİϾû뷽Ļȥ죬̸Ϻǳˡ˫ڽˡ
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ҪǿʵڲеĻңһ취͵硣֮ǰ˷ôһŵ
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ﲻ֪֮ţҲŸմ麣ȥ̫Σգָľͨ硣
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ΣǶлˡ
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һСʱ

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ܱеĵرȻǼǿĵرҲǶģǿȻڷǰһΪ˷̬̫̫̬֮֮ﵽĵرļ°ˣ˵Ϻƿǿ
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¥һȦҲûҵһ֮
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ܣΪ˱סԼܣûиڻᣬҲûеõУĵرĶ֮ջ˿١
ڻ϶ǲ֪Ϻƿ棬֮ģֻҪ취ȡܿܵõһĵر
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ڶѡǰϺƿڻ٣ȡ֮Ҫ׵ĵر
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һӣϺƿʱΪһ⻪ʼ½׹ɽڣҽΧڻĵر
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ԽԽĵɫҺν뷽ڣڷŵĺҲ𽥳ֳɫ
пʼɿתһһֱʱ˳ʱתţų˵ɫ֮ںʱ߽һ뷽塣
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ɹˣڳɹˡϲ
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ɫ֮ɫҺΣ˴˽ϡ
ľ磬ţһʼĻѸͣõľ磬ҲǴͨڣŸ߾

ڷھ֮ʱ
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ȺɽƣŨޱȵʹ˼ɾһ㡣
һƵɽǰһΰĵãдɫĴ֣
˫֮أҲΪҪĵط֮һ
ͻȻ
һâԶ˵ǰĿյϣֳһɫ԰ףŵӡ


764 ѩ
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¶ϲɫæ͵ڵĻ羰ֱԸڵϵ˵²ˡ
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ʱ䣬Ӧȥ麣˻ˣǲǺйأ˫÷֣
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ִϽӲԭء
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ȻȥˣҲΪ򺮲ʧ֣»Ҫ߲˲С

նɱǳ˺˫ڣʮ벽ܼǿߵ£ٶȴ磬Ϊ֮𶯡
ڷǿ󣬽ʱ䣬췭ظı仯ҲĴ󵨣ҵﳬһ
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֮ͬԭͲһսһθսˣȴûж١
ɼԶǴģûж˸ҲΨֱ꼰㡣
ɽ
Ǿʮĵطߵɽ塣
ʱɽϣȻһͤڣһ棬ȻƷ衣
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Ʒ˫üһѣβƷһ
Ȼͣһ˫Ŀ˹Ʒȴ˿ΪȻȻԵá
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ȻǾʱϳ˶Է
ȻǣԶһ¶֮ɫȻϳˡ
Ŷ˭ǸŮ֪ģеأԱɻ
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Աߵ˶΢΢ͷ
ȷʵǺǳˡ˫֮սĿ⣬ǣ˵ġ
ȻûΪܺ⣬ǵĹעҲ棬һ
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ߵѣһ洵˳ϣƺһֶʱ˱飬Ӳޱȣ·ҪѿƵġ
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˴󺧣Ŀ˻ɽһۣæԶԶ뿪ҲҿԷֺǿҲ𾪲ѡ
ߣɲͨƽԭһ棬벽ʵʶ㲩۹˶ϳŮӺƷӣû뵽ڶԷǰȻ˲һ
겻㻹ֲ顣Ʒӵ
ŮһûȥϵĲ豭·һɽһ㣬˲ҿ
ɽͤĲ豭ֻܿӵֻ
۹ǿߣͰŮӡƷӶһģΪⳡսŻ
˵Ļ˭ƷͻȻʵ
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˵ʵ֮¡ƷӵɫˣһԵİŮӣҼǵ򺮽֣սҹʤһ֮ϧܣ
ŮһʮֵĲҲûзƷӵĻ
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765 ɱһ
˾˵ƣȻǵע⡣
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ڡ
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Լ˫֣оǰδеǿ󣬱֮ǰǿ̫ࡣ
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ǰӮҪӮôףѹԵľ˲ɱȴǸܣͻƵͨ۷󣬷ʵǰδеǿȴǰ쵽һ㡣
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֪˶ãڵǳڳɱ䣬һޱʵ磬ڽе롣
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̧ͷƺ֮ϣӴޱȵ麣ڷǰڵͶӰƺϵ麣һģһȫǺߵ档
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768 ֮ս
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Ӵۣ޾ɽķ򼲷ɶ
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ٽǣ󳬼Ҳ׷۴ͷ
Ƿôǿ󣿡ǳ˵ϣһߵ
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ſ϶ŵģܾò˼飬֪Ƿľͨڣĵ޽ǵλߣʵȴǲһֿû뵽Ȼôһ߸п
϶ı޵ĵرʲôУⷽרչĵر֪ŪʲôĵرţıһֱʹãֻҪСĽͺˡ˫һλ˵
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˫ڵϣɫ࣬Ҳģ;˸ļ벽ܣۡ
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Զ΢Ŀ۱ٵи𾪾֮ɫʱȻ˳ɱ򺮵ģ϶ҲһС
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ľ棬ȫûһߵ˫ںǳ˵˾彻ӡ
һ䵽˼㣬˫ǰһϣâϳͷһѸߴӴ޽Ȼն
һն䣬·Ҫնն룬޽Χѣ˵˼㡣
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Ȼ壬еĺɫӭȥֱ˺ա
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֮УҲǼţɫ԰ףҲǼûгʤ׷
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775 ţϣ
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ܣ˫ƽ֮ϣɻһλ̫ϳϵģִĵرĽ쾳ޣ޵ǿߣǿҲܻ˫ڡճڣϾ˷
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776 ţУ
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777 ţ£
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ȥ˻죬ѹ֡
ɫ΢̫⣬Ͼƽԭʱ˫ƽ̾ͺ̫ϳϹĻҲǷа˫ڵԭ򣬷λ޵ǿڴˣ˵ܱ˫ڡ
˫ڵ̫ϳһλ쾳ޣȥ߲飬ϳ˫ƽҲܷģ֪˷
λ˵̰ġ
ǸʯҲʲôܡ
ܿ죬֪ȥʯû̫֮ȴ˫̽ꡣ
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ȷһ󣬷ʱ¶ϲɫջ
˫̽簡϶ȱ磬˵д˵磬пС
ջԶԶһĵرֻ鱦
˫ڵϳҲȫĵطأ֮ظǷܣһھԵǰȴûκ壬Ƴ
һǿ䣬һر뷽˫ڴѾ˶֣ܸġ


778 ʥ
ڷСںɨһУ˫ʱҲֶξҪٶԽ޾ɽϵһˡ
ޱߣ޾ɽᴩϱռľˣխĵطҲʮ֮ңҪ޾ɽҪ̵ʱ䣬õİ취ǽ˫ڵĴ󣬿ٸϵһ棬Ͼ˫ڵĵ̡
ȻЩ˸ϵ˫ڸأȴ𾪵ķ֣˫ڱΪƽء
ôܣȻڣҲвٰ벽ܼǿߣ˴֣ܳ˭˫ڵڣô̵ʱڡ
ǷһЩоˣ˫ַϵĿֲϢ׷ɫ䡣
ԭˣĿ꣬Ͳǳˣ˫ڣģֱɱ˫
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Сڵˣ˫֮󣬷ƿգص硣
ѾСλã³Ҳȥ
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ջľˣС籾˶Ϊ֮ۺջˣһС磬ͬڵС磬ҪԶԶǿߣֵǷͬСɡ
ȻԷԣ˫̽Ӵʯջ
֮⣬ĵر鱦ȵȣջҲǼ
˫̫ǿˣߴ󳬼֮ףʥأû˹ǵС磬˵ȫĵطϷÿ죬˫ڷӦڶ౦תߣȫ䵽˷
һأ߳ɣõ
ֵ֮󣬷ѾԼˣڵңǹۡҲǲܡ
ǣǳˡ
ĿԶٴζ
~
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δ󣬷ȻԽǧĹ򣬳ǳʮ⣬ûٶַΪһγԵĽƫϰĽϴĿĵǧ֮⣬Ʒ󱬷޾ɽĿ̫ԵԵʡ
ϾǺϱӴɽܿǳȻûôҡ
Ȼְ취ʵ̫ǿһĴȻƫôףǲģ£˫ƽ̣ǿʵǿƿϣ֮ԣ̫Σˣֲɵ޾յĻ
Ϊ˱ƫԶĵطʮֱӷ˹ȥ
ɳ󣬷üͷͻȻ΢壬ͣ
ǰ飬һɫݵ˳ϵϢ֮ǿԶ˫ƽ̡
һ΢΢һ

ʥأ
ԷϢ֮ǿ󣬲һĴܱȵģܻߴ󳬼ˣ뵽ģҲֻϵʥˡ
ʶ࣬ʥءӵ
Ҫң۾΢УֲϢ·Ҫ³
ֱ֪Ӹȥǳ˵Ļб֣û뵽ľȻʥصˡ
ɫ΢䣬ʶһңϣ̧ܸ֣ʥԸΪǳ˵ͣ
ͣЦұǳ˺˫ڴһߵʱôûг֣ǳ֮УǲѰ粻֣Ҫͣˡ
ֱŻӣǿӿ𶯲񷣬Ԩ纣·ɽХһ㣬Ҳɫһٱ䡣
ǿ󣬳
û֣ƥеĸо
޵ǿߣȷʵ޵ǿߣԺɨ硣
Ŀд˾޵ʥһˣġ
ȻҪһĴǿ࣬޵ǿǰȴĺԶ
Ҳʥؿս̺ɱ⣬û΢
û־ʥҲһ
Ӹ֪ǲ֪ʵΪ޵ǿߵĵʥ㳲ܻܷҪɱȴǾ޿ܡ
Ϊǳˣһ޵ǿߣֵֵ
¶ѡá
ĮĿһۣҪǰǳˡ
ͻȻ
һЩϤ̾Ϣһ˹
ɢǰһ㶣漴˭Ŀ˹ȥ
顣
һ֣߳Ƿйһ֮ԵĶɢˡ


779 
ǰ
ɢ΢΢ҡͷ鸴ӡ
û뵽̶䣬Ȼͳɳ˵زʵ֮ǿ󣬾磬ʱգһǰЩ֮
ȴںɢǰһǰԵ
ڵȻܿɢ˵ʵΡ
ͬǴܣȻ໹ҪʤһͷȻżĲࡣ
ϣܿһ£Źǳ˵ˣҪնɱɢ˿ڵ˵Ǻһݡ
ɢ˱Ͼ಻ͬӺߣͬԴǰߡ
ǰΪʲôǻôģҪסǳˣʵ
Ҳɻʥǲָ֮ģ緽˵û֮ǰûȴֹǳ˸
Ǻǳ֮䣬ûʲôϵȻǳȷʥأǻ֣ԮûֱӹϵǵĿģҪ뱣סǳλܡɢ˽͵
ӦҲ֪ʥؽĿġ
ʥ֮ԴڣΪػ硣΢΢ͷֱӵԭϹʱڵһս
ûģǰĴ磬ңֻһˡ
Ҳ֪ԷʲôĿģΪʲôҪ磬ǼȻˣΪ棬Ҳֻܷ𷴿
һսܲң˲أԷʵ̫ǿˣ޵ǿ߶Ǳ׻ܣ˵˵֣ǵ󴫣˼Ĵۺǽ˻ˣԷԣ
˵ͷ
زԽܸо˵Ŀ£㷽ʱݺ޵У޵ǿߣڴ˵ǰȻǲһϹһսд˵ֵĻԻѹԵľƣӵд˵һѹһ
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ҪסǳǺжĽ飬һλܣʮҪҲӦ벽ܡ侳ȵߣǿˣǷ磬ܴϵĴܣǳǿߵʸ񡣡
һϹһսǿг֣ٶİ벽Ҳãֻдܣвսʸ񡣡
ԣǲŻ֣ϣܷŹǳɢ˻˵ʥص˵
ʵϣ˫ܱĻʥؿ϶ҲԹ۵ģֻ˭Ҳûϵûȥǳˣɱ˫ڣʥشֲ
Ҳˣɢ˵˼ʥص
ʥزƫκһΪվϣȻͬҲڲֹͨ˴˼ľָǿߣϣġ
˴ʥؾͻΪȼˣвսʸ
Ƭ̡
ǰǳҵУճǲܷŹǵģʥسҲһȻǰԿڣҲǲ˵
նݳõİ취ϾԷһСȻںҪΪ¿ǡ
ԸҲǶԹɢݣСʱշһ㣬ͺܳ飬Ǳʥص޵ǿߣϧһսǶɢ󣬷Ӷ
ɢ˺඼¶ϲɫ
ֻҪʥԸŹǳˡ
ɢ˶жݣǶݱϾ󣬷ķ
˵ɢ˵
һʥر뱣֤ǳ˰벽ܼϵˣ׼ҵ˳֣벽£ҾνˣɡЦһŵڶǳҪһĴۣȡǵҺ˫֮ĶԹʥزò֡
ܴӦ̰֣һһϣһ̶֣ºʥؿսϧ̬ǿӲ
ԼĿһιȥǳ˵ؿ϶󲿷ֶתˣҲ࣬½ǳΪƽأõ̫࣬ջ˫ʱȣûпɱԡ
ȻʥسȻҪȡ档
ɢ˿£漴˵ͷû⡣
һ˵ǳںڵ˼㣬㶼ﻹǷڶҲǳҪκδ۾Ͱƽ£ԲܣȻҪѪһΡ
ڵʵϣɢҲԹ
ڲһǾǣܲ׳֡
ʥصز٣ҪɳҲҪϺͬȼսĥѣƻߣܲݳֶԸĻǱţᱻĨɱΥʥصĳԡ
ҲǷ˫ڡǳ˴սʥزûгֵԭ
˫£λ̫ϳϣʵǿЩ̫ʥأ˫ƽ̸ǲݵԳ֣ǳ׼ŭʥء
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ˣⳡĴսҲĻ


780 ս
ƽԭĳСڣһ۵ĸۡ
Ҧҵˣļٵĵȴš
ӷʱĶΪһսû뿪̫ԶȻӲܿϾǻ֪һսֶǿߵġ
ս֮ա
ؾţСһɽӶ·ĩһ㡣
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Ҫ֪ڵС֮ңⳡսನȻܴݹӰ죬ɼһսļҳ̶ȣԶԶǵ
ȵһƽϢ
Ȳɳָȥ̽࣬ǵĳԱҲǳû̽𾪡
ǷԲǧڣΪƽأֲϢȻڴ֮ϣ޷
ǳˡ˫ڵˣǲ֪ȥ
սΣĿǰߴ󳬼֪֮Ĳ࣬Ҳǲö֪
ӣڽ͵ȴжȹ
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ôվڴˣʵ΢עĿ˱ɳȥ̽Ϣ
ףλӮˣӮˡ϶ǿϲһðǵϰ벽ܼǿߣȫˣң˫ڵƽ̣һλܣҲɱˣ˫ڻˣʹ찡
˵꣬ǷЦ˵˷ܡ
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˷סˣһҵ˼㣬ԼĶ䡣
˫ںǳ˳ģȻϰλ벽ܼǿߣɱˣ
˫ڵĴҲˣ
ߴ󳬼֮һ˫ڣţ
˶ˡ
̫Ԥˣȫһһʱ޷š
ǣ˵ģΣŻعŵʵ
ģף綼ˣϵ˷磬ʱҪ֣ȽһкؽǡټЦ˵
գȷһк˶ϲ񣬶Ӯôսʮ㡣

Ƚ˫ڵ̫ϳϺٽǡ૵
˫ĳ鲼磬Ȼϳˣ϶©֮㣬Щ˷ںҲƲ
Ψһ÷еصģ˫ڵ̫ϳϣһλ޵ǿߡ
ڻ죬շѶõϢԷһǰģȻ˫߷˱ʣķһԶڻ죬ܸӦг̲ʲô仯Լһº󣬾ͻع顣
£ͻӭһս
Ψн˫ڲĸ󻼲˭ҪʳѰ
ţ
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ǳ˵⳥һ֣ɢ˾ӹһ徧塣
ռ֮ס
ʥصֱʣһĴָʲôĸò֣һǿռ֮ס
ǳ˵ǿ϶ҺͷӴģʥԳ棬ȡҪ⳥ȻΪۣٺõĶҲûСҪǳѡ
Ҳֱöռ֮ףʶ̽룬ܿɨһȦ
ûռ֮棬ŷҪĶһ١
ȻԶ˫ڵõջ񣬿ܱԼɱȥܵõĶ౶˷⡣
ǰˡл
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ҪСģƥ򲻺öԸɢصʥǲֵģһսҪȫԼ
޵ǿߣվ۷κһöԸǧҪСġ
ף˫̫ϳϵ֡
˵ͷ
İɣǰҼȻҶ˫ڣȻаա
ʤΪءɢ˵ͷ漴뿪
һҲѸ뿪
޾ɽ
ӿ޾ԣסɫ͵һΣᴩգͨСŻ
һ˫ڵС硣
Сڣʱȴǿһˡ
һɽˮĵطϥ
ӣҪȫսӭӺ׵ľһս
ʥԼ£ǲòԼ˫ڵĶԹȥԼȴôΪ
޵ǿߣɨ
ʥظԸһ԰ְţɴ಻Ҫ֡
һˣ͹ˡ
~
һڳĿᶨ
ûк޵ǿߴҲ֪Լڵʵ˺̶ֳȣܵ˵ΪԼЩģһ㣬ںʥص޵ǿ߼ʱ򣬾ͺĸܵˡ
ϾǸո̤˽쾳綼ûȹ̣ЩҲ
Ľ쾳ޣΪִĵر̤޵ǿһС
ȴ⿿ʵʹﵽһ㡣
ȻڣЩơ
һʱ䣬㹻ˣģʱһĵرĺɨһС


781 
С硣
ռ䣬ʼ½Ϸע˴¯ϡ
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ʱ̫ˣ̫֮ںܳһʱڣǲָˡ
ҡҡͷ
ϺƿϾǿĵرֲ֮ǽڻ٣ȡ֮
Ҫʱ䣬ó̫֮ȣҲҪʱ䣬
£һĵرյ֮ĵرͻɱ䣬ܹؼ֮Դ𽥻ţȻΪȣҲҪǧʱ䣬ڴȻݱĻʱ仹Ҫӳʮֹ
ȻΪһжֵõġ
ĵر̺Ǻε֮ǿĵرĽ쾳޺ûеģȫرӲ㣬ʵķԾַ·ǻΪɣӴ˽Ȼͬ
ǧ䳤ڽ쾳޵ԣʮ֮һֻ߼ʮ֮һܻһĵر¾Ľ쾳ޣ˿ԥ
ȻڴС
д¯ڻĵرǵ֮ԴҪĵر֮ڣֻҪĵر㹻֮Դ࣬ǧٱļӿһ̣Ҫȡ
Ԥƣһʱ䣬̫֮Ӿɱ䣬Ϊĵر
⻹ǱعƣϾ̫֮Ϊĵر׼ȣҪףѶԶһĵر
оǲõģ̫֮Ϊ޷֮ʱʵڡ
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Ŀ㣬߶ʱ³һ⡣
ͬʱǿԷΪģ˷쿪ȥ
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֮Уǰžɢԣ;ɢĽ⽻ӳ
ŷϵڵԲӿ;Ľϡ
ʱ㣬·Ǳעһ㣬ǿľˡ

ԴԴϵĽӾӿ˷ӿȥܿ죬Է;ΪģԲ֮ڣһƬɫĺ󣬽纣ûֹЪɢȥ
ʮǧ
ɫĺԽԽԽԽˣСȫɫ⻹ǼޣĽӾӿ⵽ɫ֮С
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Ȼӷӿԣע뵽ɫ֮Уȴǻ˽ɫСĳǿڽɫš
ʱš
ɫԽԽŨԽԽǿͻС磬֮С
һ뿪С磬ɫ·һ㣬ҫޱȡ
ҫ۵Ľɫԣγһ֮Ӵɫһ̣磬ܿĳĽɫ
š
~
޾ɽ֮һӴ֮γһ֮ɫͽɫš
~
һɫĳڳ
ͬӴޱȵĹطӳγ㶦֮ƣȻûɢôֲȴ磬˺ƺƵѹһеơ
磬֪˶𾪵˵ؼ
һĻ澰ɽӡԺ
֮ƣûάֶãƺǲԷûж⣬ɫɫȺȥֻһͨ쳹صĽɫ
޾ɽ̫֮ɽ
һ۵۾Ŀ͸ظ裬˼ԶĽɫ
һĵرˡ૵͵ֻ
ͬʱ
صʥڣҲ˷ͬĸп
˸ɫ֮ʱ׵ģɫȻʧ·ûгֹƵģȻʧ
Сڡ
۾ǰ̫Ϊҫ۵Ĺâ鲼СĽɫʱʧ
~
ΪһâͶ˷ڣһ̣Ƭ״СĽɫӷչɢֲĲ
ˡ
¶ϲɫɹ
û뵽ľ󡣡ҲЩ𾪣ĹУȻ
ܸӦһб仯ͬһֺ顣
;ɶ֮ƵĹҲµĳӦ̫ɽʥأͬӵĵر޵ǿ֮֡
ɫָܿ
Σչǳˡ
ǵȴ׹ˡ


782 
ĵر˵һĻԺ»عƽƽ֮£ȴŲȴŻΪκ˵һ̡
ˣڴš
һա
˫ڵСڣһصڣͻȻһŻţһɢǵ˳
һλǿĵޣ׳ʣϸ΢׵ţ׵Ҳ˵׵йء
Ļ϶ϳλߣһλ쾳۷ĵޣľΪ綼Ϊģж˫ڼΪ˽⣬ǳõϹŶڴ˵Ļ˵ϳݡ
ס
˫ڵ̫ϳϣڴӻ
Ǹ߲磬ľңԶ޷ڻ޷緢һУһع飬׵ɫ̾쳣
һˡ
ֵλãֽǷ˼ı仯ĿԶȥ仯Ǵ޷һ۷屻Ϊƽأһֻʣ
һƬ档
гǿߣС磬ƻţ˫˻Եѡ
ô£뿪⼸ʲô𵴣ǿҵĲо
ץһʣ׷ʲôǸȴǿһˣټ˫һ˶ûʣռŵ˷񣬲׻ɣԼǲǻع˵ط
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ʱæȻûôʱ䣬Ҳ⼸˽ӹһ١
󵨣˫ڣСȫȥ׶ʱŭɱ¶ܵ㣬·Ӧ顣
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𣬷ɱС磬ǺɨһУ޿ҵƣ˶ӲԿƵĿ־塣
޷ûĵرԲҵĶ֡ҲǿҵģϾΪ쾳ޣһĵرԵ޵֮
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û뵽©֮㡣ĿƳˣ綶ɸ㲻ͣš
׻عûãͲˡ
ֵֶ̳ģû뵽˳Ҳ÷Щ죬ɴҲûмų֣ûиǱߡ
ĵĵȴһֱ˵꣬Ȼû˳֣Ҳ÷϶Ӧòб©֮㡣
Ƿ׿˹Ŀ䵽˼㣬̺ǿɱ⣺û˸㣬ʱգļա
Ҫģ㡣
뿪ûͼ֮ѾˣһˣʲôҪϻ
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ӹһ٣ɡȻ֣ɫǿҵԣᴩ񷣬ݺݺˡ
δǿ׹ѡ
̫ϳϾŵĻɢ

ײȻŭǿڱԴĵرһȭ糱ˮĹǵأ˺˲񷣬¶硣
ͬʱܵ󱬷Ϊޱߵ׵ִ֮꣬׵ŷͷĴ䡣
Ȼ壬Ŀǳâ㣬˲٣ѹһУֱӽ׵׵֮ѹȥգ鿪׺һȭҲܵӰ죬
ͬΪ󣬷ǳԶ׵׵֮ϡ
~
ɫ׵ȭͷغһ𣬾˵ƿС磬״ֲ߽ನ𵴿ȥ˷ɻҡ



783 
㳹׼ŭˡ
˱ɱ׵ɫʱ˼㣬ŭ
ڴǵĵλ͸߰ôܡ
ԭ׻ЩС﷽û̫⣬ϾĵرûУΪǿҲĶ֣֪ݺݸһǶ⡣
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ɡ
ŭ˼㣬׷ƽĿȴĮ˼£ţԶ֮ǰڱ
׻£Ĺ֣ͷڵԲͬǣЩԵĵر׵Ĵ߶γһִľף޾׹Ǹ˷ԲƵľݺύ
~
С綼ھҲţ·ӭĩգ޾׹⸲ǵĵطһжĸɸɾһ֮ľݺأ˺Сգ׹͸˳ȥӵ硣
ɽʱС͸׹⾡ݻ١
λ޵ǿߵʵ
Į·Ǹ߸ϣִһȭǣ˺׹;ףޱȵĺ
Сһľ͹֣һȭ
춯أǿĲ˼顣
á
ȣͷĿǳתţɢ˵һ׹ͬʱҲӿ޾ԣΧ׹⡢׿š
еĺɫ͵ػӳ˺ԣ׵ȭͷ
~
ֲԡ׹ŰС˻Եƻһ˶ĵɳȥվ顣
һûͣ٣ֱӴգ뿪С磬֮С
ӡߣҲȥ˵ҪȷĶ࣬ۼ÷뿪С磬ᣬ˺С磬׷
СĽ㣬޾ɽ
~
һ֣Ͽֲʱ˻Եƻһ̵ķ׶սȫ޵ǿߵȫǾ춯ء
޾ԡ׹;ؼݺŰ˷ԲΧڵɽ塢ľȵȣһжݻ٣ټ޾ɽм䣬һӴĺڶ㽫ᴩϱӴɽмضϡ
ףб¾͸
û޾ɽϿͣãֱɸ߿ա
ȥģĮ׷ϡ
ûߣȵʮߵգûˣɫӶţס

˿壬սȫųԽһеģ˭ܻܡ
~
սһȫƴɱҪѶԷɱ
޵ǿ߰Ծֲ˼㣬硣
ȻżԶȻһĻľ־嵽˼㡣
׺ͷ޵ǿߴս
ģ޾ɽϰﰡȻܿǵսֲ̫ˡ
󡣡
˶Ϊ֮
塢塭һǿ߶ͨ󣬸ϵ˾սĵط̧ͷһս
ЩܣҲǷ׷״ϳ߳鸴ӵĿ޵ǿƴս
û뵽Ȼܳɳزܺһս۹һǰ֮泤̾һޱȵĸӡ
ףں˹ۿǵʵҲֻ޵ǿ߲ŲĽ
ϿռսţصݺᣬջΪĩգϱƿ
ʹ졣
ǿҵս⣬ϵƴɱ֮У·磬սȴԽԽʢ˶·Ƿһ㣬ûмʹþǷ֪ڲĵر£޵ǿ߲Զ
ϣΣ㶼һĮʱȫռϷ磬׹;ײ֣Ծ
еĵر׵йأҪǣ弫ΪϣܷӳǿҲǿĸ·ֵǿҲնɱ
ڣĵˣ׼ɡ
һȣڲأóǿĵơ
󣬶Ȼһž޴Ĺľ֮ߣƣľͨûһƬ֦Ҷʣ³ɣֳ̬֮׹⣬һɲڹľ档
׵ľһ޾׹ʱΧҲһӱǿȥʮ﷽ԲľҲǷ·˴ҩһ㣬׷Ǵ˵˼㡣
ĵر
Ŀ΢׵ľһԴԵ޵ıܣ̾ϳĵرû´Ļĵر塣
ɱ~
ĮȻһȭӳһȭ׹;׻ۣγһӴޱȵ׵񷣬ݺ
е˼
Ŀ΢˲˼׵ͺ͵޼Ȼߵȴر𣬸Ͳ߱ɱԡ
~
һԶԶ֮ǰԭ·ķ̱еĺɫȻӲɢ±̫֮ӡ
߷ݰˣǸһ˿Ѫȴû˿֮ɫ˷ܡ
ϾǲŸոʱҲûиյĻᣬĵرȻ͵õĵر׵ˣⷬ棬Ȼ˵ˣԷ治С
ףбµĻͼ׷һϣ֮⡣
˵սεȿֲͱ˺飬һ뿪
أұɱ㡣Įԥ׷˳ȥ
û̥Ĥͣӿ޾ԣ޾֮Уջ׷ȥϾռϷ磬ɱĻᣬԻĪ
޾ǷǳĵطŻԵŻǿˣҲ롣
뿪ԽԶ޾֮ӿĻԽǿԽ񱩡
ȴ˿壬ͷǳԻסֵסԴԴӿĻ
һߺ׽֣һ߲޾
һʼ֣С磬ٴ޾գշת֪֮ңսҲˣʷ
ԶԶ뿪󣬸оĻԽԽǿҲͣת׷ס
֪ˣ
ˣ㡣Ҳ£֪Ϊʲô޾𣿡
Ҳ㣬ı̫࣬ȻҺʥԼò֮սԼվֻԼҲϣڱ˵ĳŵϣҵĴУշ㣬ҽĪ
޾գ˺ҲĹٺʲ
ԲѡЦ⡣
΢΢һЦҲֻһ̣ޱ޼ʵĽɫԣȻӿ˳ޱȵĽΧĻǵص׹⣬˳ȥ
ĵر
о˿׵ľϢ׵ɫڱˡ



784 ޵
㾹ȻҲĵر
ž˿Ϣš
ֱ޷ĵر綼Ҫ֪õ׵ľǸ˶ĴۣٴεĳٴεһμΪҵĻӻҵһö֮
ЩȻĵرǲȥģڵҲû˿ᡣ
ܳΪ쾳ޣȻǲͣı֮½Ҳһ磬Ȼ˵Ķ磬ҲҪԶĵޣ½ʱ򣬻Եɺ£ʼ½Ҳ˴¯
д¯֮ö֮׵ľȽȣӴݺ޵С
ҲΨԼײ֪ĵرôõģҲԼĹ£׵ȥôЩ쾳ޣΪʲôƫƫӱΪ޵ǿء
ǣż꣬жٵľ˵սͻƵģ񲻵¡
°ôʱܸʲôĵرҪһˣѵ˵ڽ쾳ǰĵر
ʵ޷š
ȻҲûŵȤһ̣ûκεı
ͨ麣ͨϵָƺ
ǿҵԣӷӿ;Ľϣʱ㣬·ǻһ㣬ͬɫǰӿ
~
޾ճĻԼ׵׹;ףڽɫǰȫһڽڰˡ
ôܣôܡһɫ䡣
֮κһĵرѡ׵ľΪΪϣܷӳǿ֮ǿ˿ڴ⹥Եĵر
û뵽ڷǰȴȫѹơ
Ǵ˵㾹Ȼһ𾪵
Ǵ˵ĵرĽϣѹĵرײ֪ĻУԶԶǿ
~
䣬һþ󣬷ռϷ硣
Ƭ޴ڷ󣬳ˣвѪѹԵԶ
ԭ̫֮Ӷܺһսڻȵľʵ϶ʱʵķԾѹ֮ơ
г˻֣֪̿˵޾սΪĹصĻǴţ

׵ľ֮ս磬֪˹עһս
ս磬תƵ޾ʸضһսģȿˡ
ҿ
֮һȫ˺һѺۣ֮ͨ⣬Ҳһ˳ȥ
ĻȻǶޱȣܵʵͲԶ룬ֻ̥ܽĤ֮ϣֵ޾յĻҺô޾ӿĻ̥ĤǰͻƽҲСʱǿ֧š
޾һƬûκιߣ·һеĺڶ׵ʵ̫ǿˣǷ·޴ĹԴңԶľ붼ܿ塣
ܿ죬֮עȫ˹ȥĿѣԡ
֮棬Ĵܣȫ̥Ĥ۶ˮƽս
̥Ĥƿ۵һ
̫ƣҲˡһԱ˵ӵ
ӣ̫ɽˣҲֶƵ޵ǿߡ
ʥصӿ˶Էһۡ
ʥص޵ǿ֮һҲǺͷЭˣǵޣһƷ鱦ʵҲ˿
Աߣһ޵ǿߣͬʥصˣȴһλ쾳ޡ
⾪һսЩ޵ǿߣޱȹע
ǿĳɳʵ̫ˣ˻ƴȥĻʵ̫ϧˡҡҡͷʥصˣȻ˲ͬ
ǵʵȻռϷ磬ҪɱҲףǴľƣߣٿûкͽķӡʥصĽ쾳޵
ĵȴţŷһ׷һӣ޾գΪ˿ֲݡ
һս磬֪ɶƻ
ʱ
ͻȻˣţϱֱѹףֳԽһУѹһе˵Ĺ۸Уӵ˶׷ɫ䡣
á
ĵرǰĵرȻڷ
˺Ȼɫ䡣
ĵرǶǼ֤ߣҲŲ²⣬û뵽ϣϾ̫ᣬŸͻƵ쾳ĵر
ɫһʶľ޾գϾֹסˣ¶Ц
ͼıԶ϶̼ͨƻôȥƻһ̷ʵȫǵ׸֧Ų˶ã˾֮ԶҲ
û뵽Ȼﵽֵز
ǰʾΪ˰޾ա
ɬ
һϣôܽ׷š̾
Ǻε̾˹
ʾΪնɱôܲΣյĴ޾ա
ҲţҲţ޵ǿߣעݺܵУɱ
ѪʣȻǿƣ׹;ףγһﳤ׵
˵һлҪл㡣
Цޱ޼ʵĽɫУȻɳһɫУγһӹԶ籩ӭ׵һ˲䣬Ľɫи׵ϣױȵĽɱ֮ʱ׵ʳ˷飬ȥƲֹ˱˴˼ľ롣
׹;Ϊ֮һ壬¶֮ɫ˲䱻ɱңһ㶼ûʣ
ԭֻһЩĵرԼ׹ľ
Ӯˡ
սˣͫ׼ǲµ˷Ӯû뵽Ӯô졣
˴˶һۣǶ˸ԵľºͿ־塣
ңԶԡڽɫ֮Уķ
֪ڵķĺɨ磬޵û˿ɿĶ֡



785 ؽ
һ̥Ĥˣʼ֮һ˫ĿŹ⣬Ķ׳׵ľϡ
ӿǿҵ׹⣬޾յĻ޷ʧȥˣȻǿƥ˶ǿż۲
ĵر
ֵܵĻ̾һ޵ǿߣ󳬼ĸûн쾳ޣȱľĵر
ȻҲֻȰˡ
׵ľ޾зԣĸҴ⣬һչֳģ޿ƥеʵ޵ǿ߶նɱ˶Ǵ˸Ҷȥ
һĵر¶ϲɫջˡ
ɫһ񣬷ʱΪһ⣬Է˼ٶԽ˱˴˼ľ룬׵ľԣ⾪˵ٶȣǿĿ
޾棬޷пռ䴩ģҿռ䴩ͬڴٶȣܿԽľ룬ʵ൱ޣԶԶ޷ͷʱֳٶ
顣
ַһ⣬׵ľĵرڣǿһ𣬶ʱ׵ӡȫķ飬׵ľڣЩĵرǼ̥
һк󣬷𶯾ת۾͵ǰ̲סһ
һȾϰϷڵԣٶȸǴﵽһ˼ĵزһĴܣӦӦ
ǴٶȣǳգôܺͰ벽ܵĿռ䴩֮أȴƲ˾
ϲ󻼡΢ЦѾ飬֮ǼȶʵˣûҪΪͷ񣬱Ͼ淽˫ڵĶԹҲǵԼ
ʥصλ޵ǿ΢΢ͷ˸к
ˣûʲôУ˵޾գҪҲڷֹǲ֣һ񣬵˵Ҳûʲôùģֻ˵ɶԼвشڡ
λ̫ɽ̫֮ơһԵĻӡ
̫ɽ֮ͷʾ⡣
ӸӲҵ
Щп
꣬ɢƼȥ̫ƣδûµ˼ΪϢ֪̫ͨɽλãûȥ
ȴǹȴǳɳ˸ǿĵز̫ɽ֮յָʲôģҲ޴˵ˡ
ҲҪͶԷָʲôϾи꾡ϣֻҪ㹻ҾͿԣǶҲϣ̫Ȼɲó
Ҳûʲôӣ˫ûʲôԹ̬ҲͱȽƽ͡
֪ǻٶµĵر֪⡭ͻȻʵ
һһ漴Ҳ¶ڴ֮ɫ
Ǹĵر;
ĵرε󣬷Էе˵ȥǸ鷳飬Բ
ĵرҲԼİš
ЩʧҲ֮УǣҲĵرó
ǽؽҾٰһᣬʱпգĳӭλǰһϢ
һ
ʱһȥء
ܿؽǵҡ
ܷ׷״ǸĴܼǿߡ
ǡ
΢΢һЦ漴磬ʧ
ǣȻҪ½
ǰǣƽԭڵĻȫܷ䵽磬ǱԶԶûھɾʮڣܸĵرᾧ
ǵĵ͵ȽĵرȻˣҲҪңȽ϶ԣǵֻҪñĽᾧԴԴϵĻȡȻҪ׵Ķ࣬ǮҲ١
ϵˣʼǡ
ԷʱĵλʵĸӣҪؽǣһ仰£˵ǵĵ̲ǳһΰ³ǣȻڻ¡
ǵλãûмѡƽԭĸ̫Сˡ
ط౻Ϸ֣շĿת޾ɽ
ԭ˫ڵĵ̣󣬾ͳ֮޾ɽͨｨ³ǣʺϲ
˵޾ɽ͵𣬵Ʋƽ̹ʺϽǣ
ھԵʵǰȴ⡣
ѡλú󣬷ĿϷһȦԶˣֻĽɫ֣Ƭ̺ǽӵϢϹȥʱͱΪƽأԲʮڣΪƽأ޾ɽضϡ
ˣҲ֣ΪԲǵ


786 뺯
³ǻڽ֮Уؽٰһ£ȴٶȺ䴫¡
˵ģڵķµһ˵ݣ֮ͣҪ⽻ˡ
ȻҲ˶ܲμӣϾǣƽԭʱǽȻͬ
ºһݷ뺯³Ƿĸ
̥Ĥʱǿͷ룬һʽ뺯Ǹ˸ӡ
֮࣬Ȼõ뺯ģȴȫ
ȵԺܷõǵ뺯ҲжһǷ߱׼
ֻҪûյǵ뺯ķչͷٺãռݵĵٶ࣬Ҳǲģеһͷ
Ȼûôţյǵ뺯Ҳһҫ¡
ƽԭʯ֮
ɢǿ侳ǿߴʯ֮
ʯԽڣһ˺ȵȫǡ
ʯ֮С˵侳ǿ߾޵дˣ˶¶֮ɫ²˵⡣
Ƭ̺˷գһŮӣ侳ǿߣԱߣʯ֮ĴʯԽ
Ů裬ϣо˼ǿѣ̾׹˵ʵԶԼ֮ϣҧҧû˿ȴʯԽ
ʯԽλҺ£ŮӣʯԽ
ңңǷ֮뺯ġʯԽŮǣλ侳ǿһ˵ʯԽǵûаӸ£º
˵꣬һ˽һŷŵ뺯͵ʯԽǰ
ᡭ
뺯ĿɨʯԽ̾׹⵽ôһ£жʱ𼤶֮ɫ
ʯԽӣǡ侳ǿһ뿪ʯ֮
û뵽ʯ֮Ҳܽӵ뺯˵ʸμⳡģǴﰡ
˵뺯ĳ⣬ܴ֪ͬ˭ôõӿС
۷׷ףжźͿϲ֮ɫ
Ҫٰ£ͺ䴫£뺯ķҲ˾֪üֵݶΪû뵽ԼСҲܵõһš
Խô£ŮɻĿʯԽ
ʯԽæ˵˵ǺʹĳͻԼʯ֣֮ޱȸпû뵽ȥλ֮𣬾Ȼǵ

۹컪׸ˮ³ǡ
½ʦĸۡ
ʦֵģǵؽ뺯ˣ˶յһ뺯Ϊ٣վͷе㽻飬᲻Ҳյһţĳڴ
ԣ½ʦЦҡҡͷ
⣬δĳ
ΣǲҪָ̫ˣҺͷĽ飬Ͼһ㣬ǣͲһˡ½ʦ̾˿
Ȼ
˵ҲǣˡλȻһЦǵ뺯ǺεȼֵȽǸİֱǲֵһᡣ
û뵽Ȼɳô죬ż갡Ͳһˡθп
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˺Ųơ
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ǿͻȻˮ³ǡ
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½ʦȻûǡμ
½ʦҲ鼤
λ֪뺯͸˭ģ
½ʦĳСΪ侳ǿЦ
⻰һɵˣԼ֪Լ£۶ԷİԼ½ʦû뵽ԼС
Ҫ֪ǵ뺯һЩλĴﶼδյһϵģȻһ뺯θоһ
ʱ飬ĺ޲óХźá
պáΪ侳ǿ߽뺯ݸ½ʦΡ
֣½ʦ뺯ҵĲһĿ뺯ɨһۣκܿ췢˲ͬ
½ʦ뺯ǹϯλģǳ˵ķԸΪ侳ǿ߽͵
κ½ʦסˡ
֪ǳ뺯Ϊͨϯλ͹ϯλ˵ͨϯλ뺯ǼֵǵĻǹϯλ뺯޼֮ܵõϯλģ¶ᳬˣκһ˶һĴ
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˵꣬侳ǿѸȥ
Ȼ壬յİͶ飬ٱ޸п
ǻȥɡ½ʦ˵ͷ
ʱ
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벽ܡ
á
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俴½ʦһۣһ̽
~
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½ʦ¶֮ʱ
ͻȻ
½ʦ뺯Զâ㣬һɳס½ʦΡ
˵ڽ֮ϣʱɢһöûС
ôܣ˵۾ʱɴ죬̸овϡ
á
ɫ䣬ϾҪߡ
ǣﻹü
~
һ뺯ᴩգ˲ɱλ벽ܡ
Χص뺯뺯Ҳǻָԭ
½ʦŽٺҡ
ǳЩ뺯ɲͨͨģûеģǷȥһǣģܷ淽½ʦеĻǹϯλ뺯ɱһλ벽ܸڻ¡
ͨϯλ뺯ش벽ܣڰ벽£û
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벽ܼˣ籾Ͳ࣬󲿷ֶڳˣĸǷ
ЩϢȥ˸𶯣˷ĪֶΣû˵ȥЩ뺯⣬յ뺯Ҳüеҫ
۹Ԫݡ
ǳԱ⣬Ϊ׵侳ǿ
ܿ죬Ŵ򿪣ܼ˽ڡ
үһæ˴񣬲˿ǿͷĹϵá
뺯ģˣﲢ⡣
棬⣬Ļ壬쾳
ǡȡһŽҫ뺯
һУ뺯ʱɵǰ
ҳʱһ΢ЦûҶæǡ
Щ뺯ڣȻôǿƽƽ뺯ип
Ŀ뺯ϣʱһ
뺯𾪵վ
壬뺯Īʲôףüͷһơ
ǲסһ֪뺯յһģһߵȼ뺯磬յ߼뺯ˣ¶ʮû뵽Ȼ￴ˡ
һۣޱȸӡ
Ȼ֪ôһ£Ҳ˵ˣڷĵλǺ֮ͬģӦǸ߲Ŷԡ
֮Ĺ⣬ŵõһ߼뺯
Цҡҡͷ˻ȥ
һᶨվڷһߵĻҲͬĴֹǣںԼѡ
ֻϧЩע޷صġ



787 ڶ
ͳ뺯ŷȻǿޱȣȴǱģֻгΣյʱ򣬲ŻἤҾʱԣһͻỺɢʱĽһͨ뺯ˡ
ҲǶžˣ뺯ͼı죬ǵͷ죬ûʲôõ뺯󣬻רҪȥǺͷùͷˣûʲôⷢ
һжɵĽţһݷ뺯ͳǺͷӰҲԽԽ𽥵ġ
С硣
˫ڵС磬֮㣬һͨСɽˮвľڣȻһƵС硣
׵ľ֮սʼսС磬λ޵ǿߵƻ֮ǿ˵ǲ˼ģҺ÷ܿ˳С磬սתƵ磬˵ûиС磬ԵĴҲǻָĲˡ
Ȼ˵ݻٵĽɽ֮϶޷ָˣҪԺĽߵǿɽŲҲǲܣһСļֵǷҲһ㣬Ҳܷ˻ָɹһ¥Ҳʱ⡣
һ׵ĴԱߣⲽС
Ƕһˣ첽ģȴлѩ
ڵʵĺɨһУزǰĺܶҲͲˣҲǻ˵Ȱлѩ˹
ķ磬˺лѩҲǾ࣬лѩڵǳĺá
С磬ǵǸȣǴ󡣡һſеĳлѩЦ
Ͼһ硣˵ͷ߲߿ɱԣһĻҪһͨô̫ˣСĻҪʤһ
Ժվ˽ŸİѵǱߵҲתƹ
鲻һͣǷĸڣ̬һݱԼԿƵĵز
лѩЦŵͷ
ıʲôʱ˵ȥǺ㰡лѩͻȻʵ
ˣг̵ĻӦþ⼸աЦ¡
лѩڴŵģʵ𣬶֮ģһ
壬ʵģܸǷŵ⣬׾ܿͬ
ڶı壬һĵرǷСʱɱľˡ
ģһֲ꣬żΪЧΪǽȻͬܳطͲһ㣬»ҪԼֱӾһԾΪ֡
Ȼֲ꣬Ҳȱݣעɲ˶ȱ;ҲûԥһƬֲ֮УֲȱݣĵرļޣΪĵڶ˼ͱһģһ
ʱڶڳصȴѷɫԴĵرǿޱȣҪսɢ˵ȴеǿߣҲռ˱ˡ
ҲǷµĺ֡
ܣһֱ磬˵ڶ岻ڣҲ㣬κһܱ֤лѩ˵İȫ򣬷Ҳģлѩˡ
ֻҪڸ߲磬һڶΣգںδ̸ӦȻٶȸϻء
˫رգ磬𲽽תƹҲ˳˳ˮˡ
̸䡣
ͻȻڶɫһֹס˲Цˡ
~лѩϲ̧ͷ
һлѩԣڶҲ
оϤϢлѩϲи飬ͱϾǲͬģо
΢΢һЦסС֣ڴԲС
γȥջΣ
ܲЩϣҲЩ벻ܵ˵˾ϲġ
ؽУҲûţʱû磬ȥ˸߲磬ѭ˫µ꣬ȥЩ̽硣
һ󹤳̣Ҫʱ䣬ԳҲǵ˽죬һµĽ
Щ棬󲿷ֶûʲô֮ͨ磬Ҳٲֵ硣
÷źǣЩ棬ûһд˵Ķ硣
˵ϾǼ亱ģͨ棬лԵ˵磬Ƿëǡ
̽ûôף˫ĳɹҲûж٣ûҵĶ磬Ҳ޷
ܵõ磬õ˼㡣
γĺôҲǲСһ㡣
Ȼû磬ҵһȵ磬һûбκһʹùҾʹǹȥ
ﱸôãʱҲȥˡ



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½ǼΪΰ۹ģԶڴ֮ϣռ﷽ԲԸſֱͨ޾ɽྡͷ
һգؽ۳Ҳʮֵ֣Ӵ翪ʼиǧء
ϣڰأȴû̫ƣ˿˵Ǳ꣬ڶࡣ
ѵõĻᣬ˭Ź
ʯ֮͵
ǧɽű͵
ʢб͵

һû׷ǰǵæĽŲմأȻ׼֪ǰıͺܶ࣬ʵǳ˵Ԥϣ˶æһš
û˱ԹʲôǰͦأԺС
ʢ£ǰδģǳ䣬Ҳôˡ
³ǷΪǺڳǣֻǴš
ǰְĴʢҲˡ
˫棬ҲǸпǧ˭Ҳ벻ʱ䣬˴˵ĵλ췭ظı仯
ЩǰͬţԼǰҴһڵӣҲΪ⡣
Ȼǰ⵽ڵĵλͲˣ˵ҪлЩˣǵıȣ¶ĸӷôнյĳɾء
½ʦþò
ǿ٣ûг֣Ҳûʸ÷ӭ½ʦδǰȴԳ֣ܳӭڳǡ
˭ôӡ֮࣬ҲǷ׷ײ²˵
ô˼Ĵݡ½ʦζǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ԳӭǶӣ⿴ЩĽʼɵ֪ˡ
Ǻǡ΢΢һЦ
ǶԹˣ½ʦȷʵİһν麣ǻԵɺ£ҵԼ֮;֮˺ܶ·
Щǣǻٱ
Ǳ͵
׹͵

տʼĶСҲǷ׷׵ǳЩͷĶǰ벽ܼǿߣûһǿߣûʸƵǴ
ЩʸڳǵģǵĵڳҲ
ȵЩĲˣﵽ
͵
͵
͵

󳬼ȺǳҲ֡
ȻǳΪ׵ģһλͨ벽ܣǳˣ϶ǲҳڷǰġ
ﶼڿ־ǳ˰벽ܣ˰֣ڡ
ʥص˵ͣǳ˵ĶԹȻ˽⣬Ȼسŵȥǵ鷳
ǳ⣬ͷģǴܼǿߣΪ֮𶯣ѵһû뵽ǵϣȴǷ׷׳֡
Ҳǳڳǡ
֣Ҳˡк
ЩܣǱž룬ݺ͵λҲǺû˻ʲôǼȴǱֵʮȣļ˶ǼΪȡ
ҲǸпǧ
ڻеĵλҲֱֻ֮£ʣΪԵʡ
ʥر͵
ϲϲŶɢ˵ǰء
ǵĵҲ˸߳մﵽ۷壬˶𶯲ѡ
ʥأصʥذ
̫ɽ͵
̫ƣҲǰء
Ҳˡ̫Ƴˡ
ڿĵһˣò΢Ц
ǰնɱףµһ˵ͷ⻰һʵ˷λá
һˣ޵
е߳ʱ򣬷ȻһоڤڤһӳֵԼϣûȷϸ쿴ȥ
ô£üͷ΢壬ڤڤеûиκλ淢Ŀ⣬ҲǱüΪ͸ȥָоҲʧ·ûгֹ
΢ȴǲ¶ɫһ仯Ҳֻһ˲䣬Ҳûв
ǰϯдˡ
ȵϣͷϷſʼڳǾٰᣬ뺯˲ʸ볡
̫Ƶˣû̫ȤϾʵ۽ߵľˣܱǿ۵ģ˵ָ
׵ľΪ֮񣬲Ȼó
˵⼸޵ǿˣ֮ȴҲȱȱȻǿҵõ˫ڱأǲȫóóģҲȤ
ֻڷϣ˻֮ˣμⳡᣬҲǴ⣬ܶ벻ۣʱ϶һЩ
ѵõĽûᣬˣŹ
ֻⳡᣬעҪǴһ



789 һ
ҹǵھٰ졣
׿ܣӵа벽ܼʵ侳߾ײݡ
ռ仨ʹúһļʸռ֮

ǰ漸ȽƽƷ֮󣬽ųֵĶȴò˶һ
벽ܼĿܣ˶Ǻ١
пռ仨˫ĿŹ⡣

ⶫҲУɴ󲿷£ǿĿҲ侳ʵ⻹ˮ׼ˣȼĿܶǰѵһ
侳ʵȻ㲻ʲôǵļ۸߰ʵԷǳĵͣ˿һҲǷǳС
벽ܼôܣҴûֵȼĿܡһЩԶ¶ݣ˼
ߣҲԼƣ׿ܾȻֻҪ侳ܲݣⲻ͵˵ЩеôһܣֱӾһԾΪƽƽ
Ͼٴ֮ǴΪа벽ڰ벽µǿߣδرȵһЩԶе
׿һҪ֣ҵһרп֮ģоɹĻ˵ԺҲ׿ܣǰ벽ܼĿܴܰӵУ£˭ֵܵǣһзų
ռ仨ĺ䶯
ܱϾԼʵʵǿռ仨һļ˸ռ֮İ
һ̾ǰ벽ܣ֮һԾΪǿߡ
񾳵侳нݾߣĽᾧǿͻƣǴ侳벽ܣȴ֪˶ˣһؿޡ
ҪΪ벽ܣͱռ֮ǿռ֮翣˭ҴƱ˵Լһܸ򵽡
ռ仨Ǹǻᡣ
һû
μⳡᣬһǵѡ񡣡

Ϊ֮ݣܲ׳벽ܼǿ߾м˭Ҳǿ߶ġ
һʱĸ߳󲿷ֵ˶ǳҲ⡣
Ǵʵ̫ӣǹעģǱ
û뵽ǾȻĶ׿ܣռ仨ǴûгֹĶʥصЩ𾪡
Ƿ麣߻õ𣿡²
𰸣֪
벽ܼʵвֵһᣬǰδеĶֵǾˣͲͬˡ
ѵ˵йâһ뵽һֿܣܿȥ

һڡ
лѩֳֵ
㲻ǲ³ҵǣлѩ̲סʵ
ﶼУ׿ܺͿռ仨ĶǰδҼֵˣ˸Ҳ
ǰãŴ̽麣죬͸ǻˡ
µΡҡҡͷ
׿ܺͿռ仨ȷʵǣǣƷУмҲǵġ
ȻóͲ±˲²⡣
²Ͼǲ²⣬ûаգܿ϶ҵǣǸû֤ݣһ̽ҵġ
Ǵδ̽Ѿȥ˴꣬㹻麣Ρ
⵹Ҳǣ˵ڶһ˵£ҵǣҲû˵ǵλãϾȫĹͣ޹ءлѩ˵ͷ
һᣬ϶ǲµģǲ²⡣ռ仨ڸ߲ҵͣ׿ܣ߲ûгǣˣȻģҲ͵ͨˣһεĻɣҲǻɣܿͻȥ
ȵԺᣬǰδеĶֻɲŻٴγ֣𽥼ҵˣ»ûУòûʲô壬ҲҲˡ
ʵһЦ
˵ʵ
һˣʵԺɨ磬˶ɵĻЩǿһлɣҪʲô֤ݣֱץʾˡ
Ϊʵ̫ǿû˸ô³һЩ쳣ԶĽͣǼΪˣҲòҵʡ
һŭ˭ܳܵ
ʵˣ󲿷ֹǶͳͳӣʵҪԡ
ʮֵ̫Σ˵˶Ϊҵǣóֶʱ򣬹ΣҪĶҲˡЦ
ûһֱҴţֻʱˣǸԼıȡһЩ棬Ҳ޿ɺǵģϾҪģҲͽĵرᾧҺˣ̸ӶĶٲƸ
šлѩͷ
׿ܺͿռ仨ߡ
С
ĳ֣Ǵ̼˲μӵˣҲǲ˸ڴ
УҲ˼׿ܺͿռ仨Ķ˵ļҾۡ
ȻҲһЩʺСĶ֣ͳϣȴҲСһ˷ܡ
ѹƷһİ벽ܼıᾧ
ǷԳ֣ɱһֻ벽ܼıġ
벽ܼıᾧһģֵǼ侪˵ģܰ쵽ģҲֻȼˡ
Ʒ鱦ϼѲϣʱ˲ҵľ
ⳡᣬɹĻҲǴ׬һʡ
ĵرջ˵ΪӵҺҲõ˶ʮΣȻȲ˫ڵĴҪǳ⳥Ķ棬ҺҲôˡ
磬ޱȰлѩп
΢΢ͷ
ǣ֪Լ۽жô̫ˣ
׿ܺͿռ仨ǶĴ磬ô󣬸ָ֮ﳬеĴ缫Ϊó֮Ǹزϣ֮רеľ磬޷죬ҲеĴ޾еλüΪһЩĵطռ仨˸ռ֮
ǣ˽ҲǺ֪ܶ࣬ģҪĴ۲ܵõ
磬ļʶ
Ժģ᲻ĴϣлѩͻȻʵ
ǵġûԥ
ѾǶˣеڶҲܷģȥ̽Ĵ磬ǰĴ磬÷
лѩиʧ֮ɫ
Ҫ̫ˣ̽磬ǱߵľӪһûȥ麣ҲȵȣͻȻһתЩҵлѩЩ£üһʱڣҲ뿪ġ
лѩ¶Цݡ
ֽ§ڻԺҲ˻ڵ΢΢̸Ůһȫϵϣ⼸࣬Ƿǵ̫ˡ
Ҳһ


790 
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⼸һЩ¶ˣ˲˰ѾԻͬʱҲ½ʦԹ
Ҫǰ½ʦİȻֻһ뺯ô򵥣ǵã½ʦһ£޷ͻǰûʣΪʵ㣬Ȼû⡣
½ʦĹ£ʵҲܼ򵥣޷űϲģȻ𣬾һҵĻҵҲߣһ½ʦĸĸգҲ½ʦǸ֮ǡ
ǸȻǳȴҲڳ֮£벽ܼǿ򣬸һλ벽ܵ棬綼ǺպȻ޼½ʦҲ޿κΡ
֪󣬷ûж˵ʲôֱõڶ½ʦһˡ
պ
Сڡ
лѩںɢС󺣣ǷŲƻģڵʵҪ쵽һ㲢ѡ
ˡ
ǿҵĽ˺Сգ͸˽ڶС磬˲Զ
͵ڶһۣ֪ˣδ½ʦµġ
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ڶ˵ͷС
߰ɣص򡣡ͷлѩһ⻰лѩʱɷ
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һ§סлѩŻռ䣬˳ͨ嶥ϣ󣬷лѩƺ֮ǰ
Ȼп紫󣬵ȻвҺˣԸ⿪ռ͵ֱͨٶȻصҪȲƶĿ紫õĶࡣ
ָᵯһεҺ˳ȥû֮ţתۼ䣬ʮҺգĽɫ֣֮ű
Ŀ֮ϣŸĹ㡣
麣졢硢硢硢磬ϼɽ
ǰ磬ǲһָҺͶȥҲκεķӦ
硭һ磬ҺȻ٣ȴҲǸոչ
ʱգҲˣ֮ŵĹҪȼԽߣҪҺԽ࣬ǰͨҪһٵҺ
˫ڵıأǳ˵⳥Լã÷ҺһߵΣǰѾһ˵ˣͨĻʣߵΣȻǷԸģͨҪڡ
΢΢ҡͷĶûͣ£һεεҺɳŵĹգҺգķӦҲԽԽǿڣһҺգҲǴŹ֮ɵм䣬γһɫ򣬳ֳ̬ʹŲĽɫС
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ͨõʮҺͬΪͨ磬ȴҪʮҺ֮ࡣ
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⼸صĴ࣬ҲһζûлÿλȻ÷лĸо
簡һ̾Ϣ

󣬷Ӽе£⼸Ҳ췭ظı仯зṩѾһ۷ǿߣȻڴϰĴڣڵϣȴ޵ǿߡ
УҲʵ˵ϵһλãΪڹ֮ϵĳ
СĽ裬Ҳûз£ʱҲԴ
λšԼµˣ޲˷쳣еĺĲ㣬϶Ѿ֪ĴڣĹԶԶǵҲڴѡ
󣬵Сڡ
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лѩվڵڶ紫ԡ
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ͨһģҴȥôЦЦһǳЦľŮ
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һЦлѩС֣ߵСʱκһƬȻǰôСӵԸûиı䡣
ŶŮ紫Уâһһµ硣
Ũ˿лѩɫ΢䣺ȻûȣҪȵǿ̫ˡ
Ľһͨ磿лѩȵ
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粻˫ҵģһ磬⸽ʱҵǸƿϣͷ˻磬֮䣬һϵû´ĻӦ˫硣
˫硣лѩһ䣬֣Ҳܲµĳ
ĸоҲûдǳĳԣͨ磬ΪǵԣʹǴͨļޣĵȼͨʹ֮䣬ҹƣߣ侳Ǽˣٽһ͵
侳Ѿ˲ˡлѩͷͨ쾳ܳȽף˵ǳĺ
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ܷľĲʣҪ磬Ҳܱ֤һްٷְٵĿľ
лѩЩ𺳣磬ܶ쾳
Ҫ֪Ҳǽ쾳
ŮڻϷһȦ˽˷ķ顣
绹ŴʱڣȻҲ侳ǿߣ﷢ֵ˷ǡ
Ů£Ĵ۾ţ˺棬û飬˵Ƿǳġ
ǿСһָ
·һƵɽ֮ϣӶš
ʣһսһѩƥķâݳ
ʣһս˭µһˡֺĴ󺺿ŴЦϵƷ·նһС
˻û֣ϵƾްθţ༤ƴ
εĽ͵âݺύиɽϵһУһСɷףŵˡ
üͷ΢壬ָᵯһʱ˳ײɽ
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춯صĺУ߷ɽֱӱײķ飬ɽĥ̴ʯͷͷײȥ
ҽжʱ
ûˣǵΪҲˤ
ߣȥһ硣Ůռ䡣



791 ɼҵ
㻹滵лѩһЦ
뿴վ۷壬Ϊһ˵Ŵսһǿߣ׼ȫԸ۷һսʱȴǿдϣɽ
ȻҪͷܵСȴǲɱ⣬Ҫǣ۷Ʊϣ˵λǿһЩӰ
˭ŵЦİɣϾ侳һ
Сͨ죬˼ĵͷȥ
ȥһ˫磿лѩ²
ҡҡͷָ㣬һεҺϷɳ֮գõʮҺ֮һ֮䣬γһɫֳһİ͵硢粢С
ߡ
һҺŻŮ硣
һȥ˾¶ȣҪҪߵĶ࣬ȴǲΪ⡣
ǣ磿лѩ۾һ
΢΢ͷ
硣
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Ϊ޵ı֮½ȴûʲô⡣
ŶŮ˴˵ĵطȻһƬ𺣣ޱ޼ʣӻɢݳǴʱķëȻóȻ
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ҲļˣͻƵҪ֮ǵջеġ
ȵĵػ𣬳ƵĵػˣǿޱȣĵرжŵϺŵġ
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󣬷ŶŮԶԶ뿪˻𺣡
ʵʱ򻹲ãʱܸо𺣵ĿֲõĴԱߣľҾ
ѩ磬֮ǰǸ磬ǸѡһΪ֮½ɡŮ
ڵķʵǿ󣬶Ե޵˽ҲǴﵽ˼ߵĲΣŮ۳ֵһᣬֻҪ˺ʵı֮½̾һԾΪޣ̤ߵĵ·
ԣŮһ㶡
Ȼ۷ʵΪʵȴߡ
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һҲͷֻϣڷߣûҲߵĵ·
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ڵʵȻһ㣬ֻ̤꣬ߵĵ·վ޷õģѵϣ뿪ңŮ
Ϊߣſܳþã벽ߣͳˣ߼Ĳླ棬Ųࡣ
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ȻԼĵر֮࣬ҲӳվǾĵĳҲĳϣ֮;ϣԡ
Ůɫ΢졣
ʵǿˣҲܷġּһ䡣
磬ǲΪ׸ġ¸ҵ̧ͷ
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ߵĵ·к֣ܶķǶûǹֱѡ˵ޣⲻΪԼǵޣǵ֮;Ÿ⡣
֮;ݵģ½ʱ򣬸ʲô֮½ԶţֻҪ֮½ã˳ͨ
ͨͽ쾳Ҫ鷳һЩţҲܰŮȹ
֮;ⲻ˴ɱɱսͻƵߣɲϣŮĵ·
֮;кܶôȻĲ㣬ǶԱ֮½Ҫ̫ߡ
֮½עһµµΪʵҲ߲ȥ˵粢̫࣬ûб֮½һƵĻţ󲿷˶ԸѡΪޡ
硢綼Ǽõ磬֮½⣬Ҳûκԥ׼ŮΪޡ
ǣ˸һǲ̫˷ˡлѩԥ£Һһ͹ˡ
Угɾ͵ĻͲҪô롣ҡͷȻ֪ԭ򣬵˽⵽Ĺڵ޵ϣļء
һ磬ֻһޡ
ǵͻ磬磬׼õڶΪ֮½
ŮҲû˵Ÿѡһ硣
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Ϊ֮ǰýɫ󺳶ɫʱںϵɢһЩ÷ƳҪҵռľںɫ档


798 
ɫԡ
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ν죬ҪĿľΪѰռľ
ҵĿ꣬ȴ֮࣬Ҳ˼Ǳġ
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ҰЦһӦǸսûΰɣȻĵرˣʵ𾪣ӦҪҵ֮֮ɣ֪ӺǺܺõ;
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һ쾳ڶǵĵޣȻһĵرǳ£һ˲뵽ǷԼģʮа˾ŶΪǷʦŻ߳͡
ⶼܴһĵرɼ֮ۺӽӳۿ϶ޱȣʵҲǷͬСɡ
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߸ֻȭͷСͺӴɱֵһᣬȴ˵Ŀ⣬Ƿ·ĺڱʯһ㣬渡ӵ·âţһĶǵһЩֵĿֲϢݳա
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ڷĻҵļʾҪܶࡣ
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һҪ֣Ŀƣʱ¶˾ġ
ֻ֣öɮ٣û˻ǧѷĻᣬҶ֣ΣҰԹɫ֪ĶˣȲ׳Լ顣



799 һ޵
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ҶǲͬˣƽϲнٴıʲôύֺõıҪ
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Ұûи˵ǣй棬Ա˴˵ʵһ˽⡣
޼֮ܶռĻûԸ
ԷʱӶԷ֣ҰǶŮûͿɼһߣֻչ˿µʵǿвһš
ҰһȵģͼЩֻİüһУȴǵͼա
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λͬһţһ׺ϻ֮֮ʱڣܺһĽǿ߿⣬ϰüߣʱѹҰһС
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üߵλƾϻ֮ȻڶʱںһĽǿ߿⣬վǽǿߵĶ֣˲ǶԷޡ
ԽԽҰｹȥö棬ܶᵽһöˣģĵϣ
𣿡ÿɷ
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󣬷ӿǿԣɫӿɳһƬƬСɵĽɫγһӴޱȵĽɫӴ棬̽ʳƬϮ˰ŮӣĿУѪͷɢıˡ
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üɫ䣬ӶȻź󷽱˿ȥÿ˳һ͵һѪ˿Ų֮ʱȻɫ԰Ȼڵء


800 
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˵жǲ˼顣
Ľ쾳ޣһӶδһĵرãһӾó޷
ĵر
ӺҰҲͣǰߣŮӱѪشд󼱣Ҳ˲Ұת˻һĶŷԷ֡
ҪѰȴǸҡ
һ³֣չֳǰδеܣش˰ŮӺͰüʦͽסȫ
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Ҫ֪ĵرԽǿʹߵҪԽߣҲԽʵ΢ʱ򻹲ô˾淢ԡ
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ÿɷ񣬾һ񣬶ʱԽҰģҰӶ˶ЩʣҪֹȴζҡ

ȥ˵İŮӺͰüʦͽ⣬лսĽǿߣֻҰӡ
ǣûһ˸Ҷ֡
֮ǰıʵֲ̫ˣͬǿߵĹ˻ɱУĹζֻܽһ;ˣ˰üߵˣԼҲǻȻ¡
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Ӷ˵ģȻҪҰĻɿĶࡣ
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ҲҪģֻҪͬԥ
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лȻҲöϷҪҪԭǣǳֵĵطãȡ֮ȼߣϾӴ䣬֮ȼ϶ԽԽ͵ġ
޼֮;ĵرȥδܻͬȥɹʿ϶
öǷשõʵ߾硣


801 ˴
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˵ͷȻܿûв쾳ڣȻȱľǻ֮ˡ
Ȼܸı壬ԭǺͻԽȻ෴嶼ܸɿգЧõѡǺûжͻЧõġ
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ֻҪһʱ䣬ķֲ϶ûģڳҲδУҪӱĵط˶٣˵
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Ȼ罻֮أĺöȴŵڸԵĴ磬ĻõҲѡԼãҪжģŻõȻҲһ
ĿģΪ˻ʵڵһʱ䣬û⡣
ڴӦﻹмöҲ𾪲ѡ

硣
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£˶¼Ҳ麣󲻾ã۾Ͳ깤ǰ˴ļƻҲǲ̡
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ԴΧ޾ǿȣһͨ磬˶
Զ˵޾һӴĳĴУ⵽ڣ޴ڵĻǿķֲҲǴ⵽ڣȼԽԽߡ
ڵ޾գΪǿ̥ͨĤֵסĳˢֱӾͻᱻ
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ҲԶ޾յȻ޷롣
һʱ䣬жϳԶ֣ص
΢΢ͷΧĻͬκһ㣬ͨ쳹أ޼᲻ݵϢǳĴ۷·ǱеһҶۣʱ㸲Σգʱ򴩽۱ٵĻҲ⣬ֲǰҲûж֮ء
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ǰҲҷЦһӴĽɫâʵʣԪݺݵİ˼װϣһܶ
Ԫܣڷǰû˿ء
һӵĲϲʶˣԪ³
аԪ³׷ɱˣ
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𾪵ǣոµĴ磬ǲˡҹڤںϣϼɽˣһ磬ʵԶźֵġ
ĸ⣬磬ܹײһ໥ںΪһ塣
Ŀǰո´磬ʵϻûг׵ںɣƲ⣬Ӧò˶ãΪȼո´Ҳǽ޾գƶٶȻֱʱûֻͣеںϳɣŻֹͣ
Զһۡ
һΣоԡ
ǰôӴںϵģ֪飬Ǻ磬ȴһһĴ޾ðײںϵո´֮ϡ
⣬Ȼ⡣ĿһһУҪǽո´֪
ڵո´磬Ȼûгںϣȴ쳣Ϊǽ֮λ񣬱Ͼ簡˭֪һںɣոµĴǾޱȵġ
Ԫһˣһս֮УǸո´ɱ޾յġ


802 
ҹڤս˫ǿ߾һսӵϴϣִϴ⣬˴˸вСʧ
Ԫʵǿ׷ɱһˣҪնɱһĻȻܴʤأ֪Ȼ˷ˣ£ʱɼ
λܵĻԶЩ㱣ӡеĲ˴̫Զ
ʮ꣬˵ı仯Զп
ڵʱֻ磬һǳںϣ˴λҲûκα䶯ԶԶûеĵز
ڻȥ֪ܷϳԼɳ硣
ҵ뿪ʱԪһĴܣʮʱ䣬Ǵеǿˣɼ˴ı仯֮󡣡Զ
΢΢ͷ
ԽʵҪǿԽѣһĴܣȻų޾գʵϣǲŸոմѣ޷ƿϣӲ뿪̥ĤԶ
Ԫ޾֮ƴɱȻǴеǿߣҪһĴǿࡣ
ôǣԶԪһۣĿ⡣
Ԫͽ崦ˡ֪˼
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ȻĲ˴磬ǿ߲̫ˣȻˣԭǧϼŵ䲻ȤҲûаǰȤǿߣҲǷ׷׳ٶȸ
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۲أл۵Ц
Խ˶ɵˣæӭ˳
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Զǿͣһɽǰ
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һǿҵĽӷӿ˳һһ·ǰνһ㣬ȾŲȻϼɽϿգ纣糱ɢѹһжΪ֮׵ǿƣŷңңš
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ŷǿжð˷ܴܵһ¶飬һֱ̣ӱ촷ۡ



811 ķ
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ʱ˴ϲ𶯡



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Σǧϼźͷ֣˲˴ϲ𶯵ͬʱҲļס

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ԣսս֮⣬෴λ֮ڡЩԻӣл۽͵ҲӦ֪绹ûгںϡ
濴̥ĤγһˣڲһཻĵطһƬڰգҲŴӸĴ½γս
磬ڲŸ֮䣬ҲŸս֮ս󲿷ֶսУҲ˴˶Ĭϵ£ǲ˴紳ȥһ𣬵Ĵɱ䣬Ĵһɱ䣬˭ҪĻ̻̣ϢĻᡣ
⵹Ҳǡ˵ͷ
л˵ʵ
ȻǻƽʢŲͣðҲҪɳռ䣬ǿߵսƻûмܳɳ
Ȼ϶Ҳƻصˣ޷ģҲ統Уǲ˴ҹڤ𣬲ͬ죬Ǻ֮䣬Ͳ̫عأҲڱ˴ˡл۵
ȥҹڤɱһͨ̾ܰѺҹڤɣֻĸ磬ֻȥսˣֻҪ֤ԼǾϲ⣬Ǳǲ˴Իȫ֧㡣
лۿ϶
˿ɣǱ
û쾳ڣ˿ֲʵʹĵرǺεȵľˣûж˻ţлۼΪ÷繻ߣǷʵԸӿֲ
˴磬̫ȱٶǿˡ
սҲãһȥһ˵ġЦЦӦ
ں᲻в˴֧֣֮λҲԼ˵֧ûУ⡣
ǧϼҲǣ
ԶŮĹϵԼеĺˣ÷Բ˴һͬ
Ҫ֮λؼս϶֮䣬ҲսС
Ҫǿ߽֣Ҳ⣬ȥһս


813 ɽ
̫ˣٹ£һ֮ľۻᣬʱȥμӣʶһ²˴ȻͿȥսˡ
ͬ⣬л۶ʱ
ʱԷлҲٵһЩǡ
һЩ⣬Ҳ֪޲ԣ޲
ڽлҲ˵һЩҲձĿ
֮λˡ
ҪΪҪľˣʵȻһ˵ǲֿġ
ֻҲ⣬ڽңգ˵ȻǶ಻˶٣£ʵǿܺʹ˵ȣûлý֮λĿܡ
ںϣһʱŻɣʱ綼Ὺʼ
ʱʢˣͻΪ
˵Ĺʶںϵ磬ܳɾͽ֮λ
ȻʱĽмˣⲻö֪Ҫȼһǿģȵ֮
һӹɵģܳɾһλ
ʢ֮ˣɾͽ֮λȼߣôԴһЩˣҲܻöĽ֮λ
˾Ųʮˡ
һ򣬽֮λ¾ˡ
ĬĬŵˣԲܳΪΨ¡ɨ˻ĵľǿߣгΪĿܣҲǣ顭
żڴҲżΪŨȤ
ǵޣ֮ǳ⣬Ÿ߲߶ǽȻͬ
Ӷŷˣγ˺Ƿû°빦ʲôģͷ״ֵ̬á
סģǻ֮һ㣬ɲһ˾ܴġ
ȻˣҪȥ֮λȻԭġ
ǵõϣȻɲ꣬Ҳ͸¶һ䣬֮ʱɾͽĪĺô
Ҳû֣һֱˡ
֮λ϶Ҫȥһġ

ˣ˵ҪǧϼŻһطлͻȻһ¡
ţϼɽߣʺˡûзϡ
ԽȥҲûʲôģлۻ֪Ҳ֡
л۵ͷϼɽҲ׷ͼĻҲỻһɽš
һʵĵط֪ûȤлЦ
Ŷл˵һ
Žɡл˵ĸ֣Žռݵĵطһֱǲ˴õɽ֮һҲʢŷһŽûõóֵ϶زסǵ̣Ȼó䱻ȥ㲻ԼȥҪ
۾΢
л۵飬ȷʵǲ
Լñռˣ϶ǲԸģŽעزסǵ̣ǲȥ
ǱطٺãҲԥǲֶεˣǳŽȴгǶ½ƣȻŷҪɱ·ǿԵ㣬ȡŽɵĵ̣κ
ŷ֮Ҳ໳ɣ¿гŽɵĵ̣Ҳжǹǧϼȡһɽ󴨵ĺʱ
лȲ衣

ͷԼȥۻʱл뿪ˡ
ºȥμӽۻᣬȻҪȥսһˣ֮ǰȰɽŵ㶨ɽ󣬶ҲҪչһԼŻ˼ɵûк֮ǡ
ţкܿ˶ۡ
Խƽ̹һˡ˵˴ǧϼŵӶУ߹Ӧһȥ
ûãԽ̤
̫ϳкηԸԽ湧
ǹפص£л۸һ顭Ҳûл۵Ľ˵˳
ԽϵЩ㵣Žɣ̫ϳϣҿеĵط֮һгŽɵפء
ǧϼŵɽڣԽǳģкüĿ꣬ŽɺȻڡ
ȻԽ涼ô˵Ҳͷ
ǳŽɰɣɼ˹ȥǼ̰ߡ
ǡԽӦһЩɣŽɼΪǿȻû˽ǿߣǴܼǿȴ١
ԽЩ
ŽɵʵԶǧϼ֮ϡ
ιȥҪǰߣ붼룬Žɲͬ⣬˫Ȼһս
ȻʲôⶼûУ־ѹǴС¶Ҫλ̫ϳϳҲ̫ڵĳŽˡ
İɣѡ֣ǰһˡ˵
ǡ
ȻЩɻ󣬲Խ滹ĵףæ˳ȥˣ̫Ĳ˼飬ҲѡΡ



814 ǿ֮
Խһߡ
һǰʱһɢŹâĻ֮Уصġ
֮񡣡ǰĻ
ģ۸ΪûжõܷܷԶǵ뺯
ȻҲƵķǴ޵ģʱţ²ҲỺʧԶڣˣ֮ҲǼѵãȻĵر޼֮ȴҲǼ亱֮мУҲΪ¥ĸ߼ִ¶ϵãŪ顣
ͷĵڶȣ֮ǿǵڶĵرԽףһΪĵرͲܱ֮ˣ߿˵Ǹǧ
е֮һ磬һ˵лѩڵ飬ʣġ
~
һӿǿҵĽ⣬һֱϵĽ·ҵ˳ڣѸӿ֮񣬹Դڲųصһ
ȵͣʱ
֮ƽֻԭȣȻǽȻͬˣɢĹԣҲ·ǻƵģſֲ
ʹ֮ĻʱڣӦܺһĽ𿹺һЩ˵ĺϻ֮૵

һԽ˽
̫ϳϡ˹羴Ŀŷ
̫ϳϣѡ֣ǧϼŵӴɽǸռǧϼţǰŽɣ׼ԲΪסԽ˵
ͺá
˵ͷˡ
ᣬֻжʮ꣬ʵҲŸ侳ӴɽˣӴɽǴ⣬ȫǰ벽ܡ
һս𶯲˴ϲҲμĲ˶Ϊۣ֮ӴɽˣûвμӹʲôǸɴǧϼţģв٣ҲǧϼѸ׳
ȻӴɽ˵ʵǿԭǧϼûһʵ֮ϣзڣȴĸԸļ룬ûκԹԡ
һжԲΪףȻʵͣǧϼŵĵϵӵܣ۶ǧϼŵҳϣȴԶӴɽ֮ϡ
۲
֪ԼΪ׺󣬲¶㵺ͻ֮̿ɫȻûʲôģӴɽˣǳŽɣ˵ȻҲӦ
ⶫ㡣һӣ֮ʱɵ˲ǰͬʱߣʹ֮
л̫ϳ϶͡¶ϲ֮ɫ
ȥɡ
˲ҵæ뿪ǧϼţһۣŽɡ

Ӵ磬ôˣ𣿡ϣһλ벽ʵ
ŽɵĶŷȻˣɫ½ҲһɱǴܼǿߣȻʮˡ
ǵʵ۵һ
ӴɽҡͷһԵĲǷǷǧϼȴûзķ֣õ˷ǿ󣬲˷·̥һ㣬ǿҵš
Σǧϼŵˣγȥζܶǧϼź̫ϳϵ档ҧҧӴɽ
˵˵ͷȫһء

Žɡ
˴ϲ콭֮ϣ羰ѵõʤɽǷ˼ɾԲﶼǳŽɵĵ̣˽롣
·ϣע⵽һЩڳŽɸ֣ȻҲڴŽɵ⣬з޲òɵŽɣõɴ¡
ʱĳŽɣ˵Ļ̻̣涼ڴŷڷУóŽɵ˻ֵ̿˼㣬ĸɸ߲ѹ£ƽΧѲ߷и࣬ȷŷҲǼȽţϳ
ûκ裬һ·˳Žɵפء
ǧϼŵˣ̫ϳ֮ŽóפأǧϼŴͣգǰһ
ǿʱ˷ȥ
ǧϼŵˡ
ǿ˳ŽɵפأҲԣŽɵŷͶ½ǧϼţ˫ѾˣҪפҲ֡
һЩˣĻʱ۷׷ף֪ǧϼŵˣԭһЩ˼ˣҲϴԼ롣
ϾʱŽģ޲϶ŷģǿĿ÷նɱŷģĸҺǧϼ
Žڣ⻰һʱը˹
ôĵӡ
ǵĵ̣ȫ
һӰӳŽɷɳ˲ǰŭǡ
Ҫ˵Žɴʱ޵ˣĪǧϼˡ
ʮλܡ
Žɺǿĵ̣ʮλ棬һ϶ǴеǿߣһλǶܡ
Žɵĵ̣Ҳòľѡ
ӴɽȫƤл֣̿Žɵǿ̫ˣʮλܣ벽ܣЩһӵϣ˲ܸɵ߸
ǽһѺеΣǿǣóפء
ŽΪ׵ĿĿŲˡ
û
󵨣ֱ̫ϳϵ䡣ȫŭ⡣
˿ĵģҲǷһ˰ˣϾٶǽ𼶵ʵһûɡ
ǧϼţáЦĿ˰㿴Ųˡ
ΪԼǽܺ£Ȼֻ߸ҪǵפأȻˣ˾ɣˣǷǴġ
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ɱ~
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ȥһȣŭУ̴ռ䣬ڲǰ¶ޱȵ飬о޽Ľݺնȥ
áӴɽ˶ɫ䣬Ǵ󺺵ʵԶκһ֮ϣƥĽѹǴжʱ־֮ɫ
Ȼʱ֮һӲϸͷǿҵĽӻй
~
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оϲ˼ı仯ʶ֣һ˳ȥ
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̫ϳûƭңǿȻǺǿм˼㣬ܶԷģǳŽߵļҷӦҲǳ˲ԤϣҲѰֱ˿̣ķ
Ӵɽˣȫɵˡ
̫ʵˣԲŻԲֳеȵ𾪡
󣬾ޱȵĽ;塣
ĲǲǷ֪ǷԵʣòʱӵ˿ֲ
̫ϳϣ˰Ͷء
ɱ~
һΣֵ緢ˣȻ˳ŽɵȺУƻӶ䣬˼ӿɱŶ֣ûһһ֮ء
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С֮ǰһ侳־ôڱֳʵȻȽѵʵ
ǳŽɵˣΧȫǴʧɫ
ԣģǧϼŵ̫ϳϡ
Ҳ˼˲³࣬ʱõԷϤĽ⣬ϾԲῴ
쿪ɽȫءŽɵĴϻˣȻǶܵʵڸǰƴʣµӽפأһӴĹֳ֣ס˳Žɡ
ŽɵɽȻǿȴס
һ˹ϣǿӿĹѺۣ֧Ų˶á
һ̣Žɵȫҡ
û뵽ǧϼŵ̫ϳûֻ߸СˣͲܿġ
~
֮£˾޴󸺺ɵĹڵֵסȻ鿪
ӣӡ
Žڣ˶ˡ
ﻹű˶Ǳ˼㣬Ų·ܡ
û׷ϣûбͷԡ
֮ȻǿҲмޣʱӵһһ߶Ѿ˽һɱĻܿͻĴʱȴǵģ·һˡ
ȻҲûȫŹ
ٶȣŽɴϵȴȫնɱ󣬲ص˳Žפء
ӴɽҲӦѳŽһЩҪĵطһЩߵıصҲûóŽɵȡߡ
Žɵˣֻͷߣﻹܵ
ܿ죬Žɵӵĸɸɾ⴦ˮءɽ󴨣Ӵ˿Ҳȫǧϼ¡



815 ɰǨ
ôˣ
ʧȥ콭ˮءɽ󴨣ŽҪٶ𣬾ˡ
Ž⣬֤һеȫĿɿڴ
ǺŽˡ
߲ȫ⣬ܺͽ𼶸һ棬ƾʣµЩˣʲôˡ
ƾ˳µǿҲĲʵϾںϿҪûôʱǣûгŽռݵ콭⴦ɽ󴨵˰ǵʵҪҪۿۡ
ǧѷĻƽʢȻŲپӿ֣ҪҪŴ˵ĵ̣طҪͬȼţȴҪ౶
½ľţɳٶȱԶҪţΪŽռǿʢ֮ɽ󴨵Եʡ
ǰǧϼûҲͬĵϼɽɲǿʢĵط
ԤӣǧϼŻԽԽǿŵӲӿ֣ŽӳȥЩˣԽԽٹʲôвʱʧܣǼУŽɱ
˶𾪡
֣ѳŽϵĻǻоôǷû߸ˣͽŽɸߣΪ֮˸Ƿӳ𼶵˼ˣжǧϼźͷ۶ʱްθߡ
Ž
Ϣٶȴ˳ȥ
ȻûŷϢĴ𶯣Ҳڲ˴ϲ˲СĲ
ǧϼŵ֣һ𶯲˴ϲ
Ӷľ¼ԷʵŻ̬ȵˣҲǼ˺ܶ࣬ԵޱȣϾһηûгֵġ
ţ
ǧϼš
ͻȻע⵽Χ˵Ȼ˲٣һƽ
ŷ¼ڲ˴粻ϴʱʱľͻб˼Ͷɲ˺
ڣҲѾˣӵķʽ
˻˸ʢߣӶǵ⣬ͨʵͬӶ˿˿ǵˣӱͬĳ̶ȡԷʵǿԼ˴СͬҲͬ
߿ۣ˺Ҳбļ󣬿̫ٵԵʣĵһ磬˵ĳͬĻǴ˻Ǻε֮ʢԶԶ˺һεġ
飬ɨ˻ģ޵С
૵
ֻµʸϽ֮λ
ǵˡոյ˱仯
Ҳûлɣ˻ʧ֡
ԭһ֡
ŽǵȷʵǷˮأһЩ𼶸ҲҪ۲֮ǰŷڣǿߵʵûмˣʵģõĵ̸ãҲòᡣ
ǧϼŵĶһЩĻ¾ҪԽ𼶸ˣǳǷ֮ò
ǣŷǷɣжģж٣󲿷ֻԥΨ⵽عŷⱨʱϵƣŲΪ˻ܡ
̫ϳϣ̫ϳϡ
ŲԽĴԶ
ǳɹˣ콭ǿ̣ǵˡԽ˷ܵŷĿ˳羴
ǳʱԽһѺģյϢԽȴǱ𾪵ˡ
нʵ⻹⣬һ侳ڶʱڿȽͳˣʱԽǻŵˣܡ
ȴƽ
ŵ˶кϻ֮֮һʱнʵҲͲˣ磬ǿֶζ١
ȻѾ֣̾ɰǨʧ˵ͷ
ʱˣ»䡣
ǡԽԥæ˳ȥȷҪļ
һ˴
Ȱ콭̾ռǿ̣ȻȥμνĽۻᣬȥһսš
Ҫ֮λҪǿսҪ£ע˲ĬĬš
ٹһ£һ麣ϣλкϢ΢΢ҡͷ
ԼڵʵԶԺڵʵǿ붥𻹺Զ棬ԲȱΪӽľǿ˵С
Ҫ֮λͱԼʵ
һȥǣṩҲһЩûһö÷ģȼ̫ߣҪʱ䡣
֮񣬾ڷһȥǵʱ򣬴Ӷġ
¹ԼĳɳǾԲģɶ໨һЩʱ䣬ҲҪҵϵ
ϣк˰ɡ˼
ǧϼԽĵ£ٶʰһУһЩðߵĶԺ
һæµǧϼžɰǨǰ콭



816 λ
ǧϼŵٶȺܿ죬Žռݵ콭ǧϼҲ̫Զȫٷмգִܵ
ٽĿĵأϣǧϼŵĵȫܣ˶δڴ
쵽ˡ
·ľ仯ģ·һŻĻ羰续ԶϼɽܱȵģԽ޾п
Ѿ콭򣬾볤Žɵפأ
˴磬ڶ࣬ҲǼ㣬ǺĲͬ硣
콭ǲ˴ϲһ󽭣ʮŽռݵģ콭Уĵһ顣
ʮǰǧϼǿʢʱ콭ȻҲܲԶԶ޷ȡԽп⼸ʮ˴ı仯ʵ̫ˣˣɽأڷž˵ı仯
ǰ֮ʢϼɽǿ̫ˣЧҪ߳࣬˵ǿǿˡһҲǵ
Щˣվ۴ͷ·Ľ򣬲ʤп֮࣬Ҳǳڴ
Ժǵĵˡ
һ࣬Ҳǿ·
òϣ콭ȷʵǷõɽ󴨣Ȼ߲Ҫ⡭
Խ˵Ļ΢΢ͷ
ʮǰĲ˴ģö֪ǶҲĳ
˷ӿı仯ʵ̫ˡ
ϼɽûж룬ʵǺ£ǧϼŸزסǿأͱ˻߸ߣҲȲǵ
¾վҲʡ
벽ܣֻһ֮ңˣȵ˵طȶ󣬽֮һͻơһۣ˵
ãڴ󲿷߶ԣǲɶ֮ͻƿЧϧʢҲ⼸꣬糹֮󣬾ͻȶ
ʢ˥
µĴ磬Ȼ֮ںǰĲ˴磬Ҫʤ౶Ǻƽʢȴ޷ˡ
µʲֻ̫ڵĳɾͣδػ½

ţ
ͻȻɫ΢䣬ĿԶо˼ǿ
ǷԽ˶оˡ
ʲô
ܸоǻңԶȻܸо
Խ˷׷ɫ䡣
ǽ𡣡૵жϳǿȡ
ԽܸоΪ벻̫ԶȻԷ˵ġ
ֹһ𡣡
оһ˿Ǹ𣬽ţǵɣ󣬷оһϤԴȻޱȵϤ
мλ콭Ҫˮءһ˲䣬о˲²⣬ʱЦ
ǵҪͷԽ˵һ䣬󣬷չƬɫ͵һ˶ʱΪһ⣬Է˼ٶǰȥ
һĻԽȫ

콭Žɡ
нˡ
ģһλ
ŽһЩţǧϼѸײڶ֮ºֻȥˣһиѶǰʹΧ˲
˵ǸҺͷͷǧϼܲ˳̣Ͼڷûй˵˻б
ǧϼŵˣڸʵ̫ˣҲҪۺ죬˵˲ϧǧϼŵ̫ϳϣҲҪǰᡣ
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ңĽֹһ
һӴԶÿһԽϰ֮ңܿ͵˳ŽǰγƲʣܲϱóɽӡɽ塢˵ȵȣɢֲ
ڵĽ𡣡ϳӡ
콭򸽽һڵƽ̣ǿޱȣռɽһɽ󴨣콭һΣȻû㣬ǰŲƣҪõ콭
һˮڱգһṲ̊˶У嵽˳Žǰ
⾪˵ƣ𾪡
ˮŵĽ𣬲ڵĽŮӵҲϳ
ˡ
ͬϢӿ
һӼͬʯһ㣬ߵŽǰŲһ٣·ĴضʱһӴɽӵ¡һ̤ɽ֮ۡ
ҳǵĳ˵һ
һˡ
ûϳƾճ֣ռһɢϢֲޱȣ˿ǰ˲ȻҲһλ
һʱ䣬λǶ콭



817 
콭򣬳Ž⡣
һʱ䣬˼㣬˶𾪵ĿŽٵλ
˶Դ衣
λ𰡣󲿷ƽѵһ˵λˡ
һЩľѾȥ
֮սɲܲģ̫ĻȥǾһ֡
ǧϼΣˡ
ǧϼŵ̫ϳϲʱĻµ콭򣬿¾ҪΪ˵ĵˡ
˶ʶһ㡣
λ𣬾Ȼô죬ɼҲͼıġһЩ̲ס̾
λϲҲˣλ𣬷ֱڡˮźڣȫ콭򸽽ڵͳһӴ󣬿˵ˮػ
֮һֱûжǶŷļɵǶ֪ŷǿȻϼɽһսķзɲ˶дɣû̲ȡжϾ¹ɵĴ£û̫İǲġ
ڳŽһ̱Ĳͬ
Žڡ
ٴУŵĿŵλ
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𾪣޷Լ۾
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żһΣչԼʵЧ̫ԡ
ǣһδεչ޿ǿ֮ˣŻģ顣



819 ̸
Ƭ֮󣬷쳤Хǿգ޲ɫ䡣
һսҲʮʹ졣
ڻʱ򣬷Ҳһж࣬һսɴʮֱ
ųѹƵ̫ӲʵҪŵİüߵˣҪô鷳
һսʵûܵκѹƣȴǴĳ죬ܡ
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𡣡
ԶЩս˷׷ǰв˶ǲμӹǧϼġ
΢΢ͷʾ󣬽ž͵һ񣬻Ϊһȥǧϼŵ˽˹
£ȻԽ˽֣ܿ졣

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㵽ʲôҪɱɱʿɱ裬ǡڽŭݵĻָƻָһЩǿȥǱףûлָٸɫĸо
ⷬ˵վû֡
ʵҲס
Ҳࡣ
ǳˣɱŷʵûбĸӡˡ
ҲǺڲ֪ôҲͲȡˡ
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ĸ˵ŷⲻͬŷΪ½ɱɱ֮ĳԹѻ⣬ǷҲû֡
ǣڽˣȴûкͷлⲻĳޣ˫ûԱϵ˵ʹŹҲðȣҪɱǧϼŵˣıǧϼѾռĵ̣ʵǿ࣬γ޺ѻ⣬Ͼǲ˴ǿˣҪľ档
ǣʵԶˣټȣеԹͲ̫󣬻仰˵ǽĻ˱ʹŹҲ˲𱨸ͷ

ߣ˵˴ȷʵҪǿߣҲ̫֣𣬲ܳǴСĸɵĻƱػ˴ķ
ޱҪֲǷǵŪľԵвźá
Ҳɱǡ
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ڽ˵˵ͷȻʣҲ֪֮ĸһ𣬶ǷĶ֣ǱȷǿߵĻȷʵܲĹ
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˿չֳʵ˸һĻʮа˾ţɡ
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ǰǧϼ˥ҲͰˣҹڤһЩǿ߸мһˣڷ룬ȴǧϼһʵ϶ǣҹڤһЩ˵񾭡
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ҹڤǲ˴Ҳ𣬾ҹڤǿ߿ɱ콭ʵǳŽһֱռݵģ֮ǰһǿ콭ɣҲһλǿߣŷ١
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ҲһˮŽԥ
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820 췭ظʵ仯
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ĪӼǧϼŵϢûдȥлû뵽Լ뿪˼죬ǧϼž췭ظı仯
ˣһ㡭лɫ΢䣬Լĵ˵˳
ǵģҹڤܶǧϼŵж
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һȻ˶ãᴫҹڤ˶С
лǳһ⣬ŻƼ콭Ҳû룬Ȼȥϸһ㣬뵽ǱصΣжʱ󼱣ı仵µûʲô뿴ġ
ллѡ΢΢˿ܿлϣǰһЩҲһɨա
ǧϼԡôηս˭ðұ֮


821 ˳
գлۡ뿪ǧϼš
ĪӣǧϼţէҪñ𾴷һԼȻҲҪж
֮񱻷ע˾£߽콭ӴһͻƳ˰벽ܣ֮ǧϼڣʵڷĪ֮¡
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ǧϼţӵɽ콭򣬼㷽ȥҲĪӺһһʱĽ𣬼ǧϼŻĪԭʦţǲ˴ĶҲµĴӽµĵˣҲҪѲ
ΣͷֻҪһʱ䣬ˮŽҳҲԮ
ʵڲ˴ϲһָģ˵ǳİȫҹڤֻҪԷ̫ǿҲֵܵһ޻֮
˵ǧϼʱ̣ܶҹڤҪõϢǿ߿ҲҪʱ䣬в̳֡
Խ˶޸пԭǧϼʲôģ̫ˣԴӷ󣬶̶ʱڣ췭ظı仯
ˣ뿪Ҳܷġ

˶ǽٶޱȣԶ֮ϡ
պȻ뿪˲˴ϲ
ǿˡ
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ĵط˴ϲҲֻʱĵطʮ֮һûУͬȼɽ󴨾ͺͲ˴ϲ൱ɼ֮ʢҪԶ˴ϲ
˵ǿֵ߳ͼʣҲᳬϲ
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˴绹һ֪磬ҹڤǿĴ磬ֻǿ̶ֳȡ
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˵Ĳ˴磬ϣ
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˳ǲκһǲ˴Ķǿػ֮أǽ𣬶
˳Ųͬ򣬲ǽһЩǰ;ĴҲƵľۻᣬͬһطл۽ܵ
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822 ۻ
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ǽۻĵص㡣
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ûô⣬ѵϲĳһǿߣȵҲ֮ɫ
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·
ӸЦеڣһתΧ㿴һԵлۺͷĵ¾Ͳˣ֣ǺһİɣлʶλСֵܿȥǵһ𣿡
ԣƵƤ͵س鴤¡
Ҿǧϼŵ̫ϳϡ΢Ц



823 ɸһս
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ˮƸߴİͽ¶֮ɫ
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ǧϼŵ̫ϳϡ
쾳ڶû˼顭
һӷ˶Ǹеȵ𾪡
ԭûôⷽϾľ磬Ƕܿ쾳ĵޣĵ޼ܳΪ𣬴ҲǿȥһĽ𣬸޷ͻɱŷ⡢Ƶľ֮ٵϵ
ļٵģЦɡ
ˮƸߴ𾪵ĵɴ۾ҲûôӷǴ˿̵õϢȴš
߽϶ǽɣ쾳Ϊн𼶵ʵϿ϶ĵرâĽǿߣǲ˴ˣǶֻһĽ𣬶ǵΪ綼ǽ쾳ڣҪǧϼŵ̫ϳҪߣǴĻ˵ʵҪԶ֮ϡ
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˶һۣܿ˴е˷֮ɫ
ˣ򵥡껺³һڳܡ
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Ƕǲ˴Ķǿߣܿһ㲻ϡ档
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824 
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סҵ֣λվ
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Ȼû̫ŷû˸С˷

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826 
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ҽӵ鱨δ߽˴ˣԼʮλҪԸģǡһԵ
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岻ݴǡл۾һԥĴӦ
˶ǺüһжûһǶеģлһжҲ˹֧顣

ҹڤˣߺ󣬾ͷֳ֧飬һ֧ǳȥˣһ֧ǳϲȥˣÿһ֧飬һλ򡣡
Ŀǰյ֧棬Щ⣬вˣкһЩ벽ܺʹܣһ·ϣ˺üǿ߽ǴܵţɶЩ쵰ǲ˴磬Щġ
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ҹڤĶǿɶԸˡü֪֮ҹڤߣȲ˴߻ҪǿţǶҲǱɵġ
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ʯȻǴܣһ׺ϻ֮ڶʱڣԾĲΣܺͽ𿹺ⲻܣҲͳɹˣͽ֮սҲм棬նɱĻǸšɳߵ˵ͷԵͳߵĻȻͬ
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УǴֻҹڤ˿ɱ䣬ȴûв˴ɱȥҹڤ
ǰɡ۽µķ棬



827 
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ǲ֡л۵˵ͷڲ֣ܶҹڤλ߾ڸʵʱ֣ܲھͶֵĻΣ̫ˡ
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Ȼ飬֪ԼڲߵĶ֣֧Сӳ֣λߵĻǾһߣɽ޷ѣϾɽǽߵľȴ̫Զ޷һλߵĸ֪Χ
ðա
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ڿûôβ˴ߣԼ֣˴ȴûмʱĻǵ
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춯صĺУŮɵ˲ɢȫķ顣



828 ޵־
ҹڤλ𣬾뷽ʯ˻һξ룬žͿǵƤӵ»Ϊһɻңȫʬ
ôܡ˵ͫ׼̺𾪡
ʯȻǴܣкϻ֮ȫܷӳһǣҲ˲ɱˣҲǷĲֹԭ֪˲Ϣ֮䣬ɱӦӦ
һĽǽǿߣôܡ̷Ӧǰе͵ضסĿǼɵ
֪ʯ֣Ȼǿһ𣬵ҲǿȰˣʵϻǲģ˴Ľʵ΢ھѪս֮бʯնɱĿܣǣһָȫһ
ʵϣֺϻ֮ҲģϾ֣ת飬ҪͬЭȲһ֮ʵ಻ⲻ󣬿һ˫ʵ̾ͻᱻ޷Ŵ
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һ΢Ĵ죬аϱЦٿȻֹͣɫҲһ



829 ɱ
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аɫѿһ֧ÿϣһ˿һ̾ܲ
ˣʯǡаЩӵɳԻҹڤû뵽Ȼ磬ȥ˽

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аһžĿ΢Ϊոȥˣػʯ˵Ľ
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׷ʲô£
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һսļҳ̶ȣǵƺս˫ǽǿߣӦ߲Ŷԡ
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831 ʤ֮
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ЩǺô
ȻҲл
ʱҹڤ粻ˣ϶ǰѷжߵаӣǺ޲ýǧйͷ֮ޡ
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˾ʯһ˾ֵܵ˺ϻγƣҪǿһЩƶ̫ĻλҲδػʮλ棬ҲֻһӵУɼ
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һɽûж˸ҪϾ͵ںаֱӽ𣬺أԷĻ϶ȱϣȴûԥֱҪ˹
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ڵľ磬˺˵ı֣ʵڽгۣ֪ջ̤֮µľ磬ȻһʵϵķԾĸΪǿ
վڲ˴ϣȻϣԽǿԽá

麣
һ󣬷ûе飬ֱȶ
һ·ͨ衣

ֻػı죬ʹôͷǡ
֪һεΡ֪ͨ˶󣬷ȴȴЩƽ
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޷̤µľ磬ԼʵǷҪĽ֮λ˵ǺϣϾʱ䲻ˣˣ»Ҫǳ˴磬ⱻҹڤ׷ɱ
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˵һ⣬ÿһٶóһЩöö÷ѡ
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ܶõʮö׼μǾٰһģø㿴ɣöööǵȼߵöЦ˵
ʮö۾һˣԶԶǰ
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ʮöÿһöǷ·ıʯһ㣬ޱȸµ·Ĺâ·һ㣬â䣬ſֲϢתţ𾪲ѡ
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΢΢ҡͷĽĽģûЩ˵ĳҲĴţԼŬδĳɾͣЩռƵĵ޲
Ҫ̤۷壬û;Ļ˿ɹϣ
һأѸƽвʵ
һ취ǲμǾٰˡż֮ɫ˵



834 
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ÿһʱ䣬һᣬ罻֮أȻʢᣬʮö׼ȥƷ͵
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ҲǱһָʵҲûΪܳɹʵץҲбİ취ףȻ۲ƣˣδȥ
԰ɡҡҡͷ
ὫУ׼ȥȡһЩ꣬ڿʱ䣬󲿷Ҫˡ



835 ٶ
ȷ˽ж󣬷ûмŶ֡
ν֪֪ˣҪ֪Լٶȼ
ٶȣǾרΪ̫֮ӵ̫󣬾һֱǷõĵرҲΪϤ
ǷһָоԼûзӳٶȡ
һƽĺϣԣżһЩ˻ڿлΪſž
ڿУ󻺻չţɢֲ
Χûһֻ麣ı
ڵʵ̫ǿȻ˵ݺ޵УǴ󲿷ֵıﶼǿˣоӿֵĿֲЩ˱ܣ῿
˫һչǧٶȷʵʮ־ˣ棬Ǿ޽еģץ߱ɱĴȴȿ֪⿿ٶҪ׷񣬻Ǻεȵãš
ǵ¥Ͳ̫ϡٶҲǶһ޶
ڵ״̬Ҫ׷Ŀ̫͡
ܾʱ˵һȾаٶڵҲԶԶ磬ȥԣܲ׷˵ҲΪжļʣֻǱһ̬ȣҲܿٶԶֹˡп϶
һȰ̫Զ̫Զˡ
˫һչԶǧΪԴ߶Եʡ
ڵԣ崫˵еД֮Ų˼ܣֻҵД֮ǵһ㡣
ҡҡͷ
麣Ǵαչأ˺꣬˴˵еДֻ֮һҲǵ˼ޣɴ
ͻƵ쾳󣬻֮麣ͻ壬Д֮˼Ľܹ꣬Ǿڶ㻹жξ룬Ҫͻƣֻܽߵľˡ
ǵڶД֮涼һηԾʵҲͻͽϧ
Дָ֮ˣôֻգˡ
չžתţϸǿĵر
ʱ·һ޴̫˷ɢǿҵĽ·ޱȵĺ棬ڷǿ³һնˮſ
ٶȡ
ٶȡ
վڽ֮Уš
һ͹ȫٶˣ˷˿
ٶ⣬
ŷΧѸ˷ӿȥĽ糱ˮ˻ص˾ڡ
нȫʧֻһ·ҺĽӾ˫ͷ֮תţһԶԶ;ƺһɫ
ҫ۵ԴӷڷɳɫתţɢŹâ
ڷ󻺻չţȴûһ˿һй
ûǿֲȴһޱ飬·һ̾Ҫƿնȥ
𣿡
ͻȻȶһ
һ̡
~
һ⣬ԳٶȴԭʧȷӦʱѾһطй̣˲Ϣ֮䣬˵ĸо·ûƶһ㡣
ǿΧĻȴޱȿ϶Լԭĵطˡ
һηУ׷˶Զ
ȷصԭʱˡ
һ
ȶһ¾Ȼɳһ÷ޱȣٶ̫ˣԶÿռ䴩ܱϵġ
Д֮߶û˿йȫٶϣٶȾȻܴﵽ˺˵ĵز
۾ٶȣȥ׷ˡ
Ǳпܣ˾ٶȣԷҲǺܴ
ٶȣ˵ɹ˿أ缴ݱսб麣ͻΣյĸ߲ô
һ
˾ٶȺ󣬷׼ж
ĻΧкܶ࣬̽ĵڣмʮ
ܿϵһ
ǰһſϰ׸ߵɫڷǰںˮ棬ֻ֮һ¶ںϣЩɫϣһööɫĹʵ
Щɫʵϲʳ֮һż⸽
ٶ̫ˣ˫һչǰ£ҵǣʱڸɹֲˣֻǻĵڣпܷ֡
ĿɨЩɫ䣬ȻҲһЩڻ̾Ƿûз
ûоǣ˾Ϊһɫϣȴ
Լ˰죬Ȼ۾ĿɫȺ



836 ׽
ɫȺģǷڵȴҲ麣ıһȺˣ֪һ磬м䣬һ޴Ŀܣοȥһֻ˫չף
ܣҲǳģü
ļֵʵ̫ץһֻһ죬֪ץҲв˲ģҪһ
ȺˣȻˡ
Ӱ쵽ҾͺáȻüԷӰԼĻǷҲȥᡣ
߳Ĭ
һߣȺҲ˷
ˡ
ãӰץ¹شݲһ
Ⱥ棬Ŵ̧ܵͷ˷һۣ漴ȤջĿ⣺һ쾳ޣһ
ӵ
ǣӡһʹӦŷ˹ŴܼΪȴԸΪ͡
Ŀ˹
λʹӱǸ߸ϵ̬ҲûѷǽӴĿ⣬ȴǶȻһȻһ⡣
»뿪ת䣬ɵ˷ǰû˵꣬ͱˡ

λʹӶʱȻŭȻ֣Ȼư˹¶޾Ŀ־֮ɫ·ؾŷһֳͷβĿ־塣
~
ʹ׻ڵ˳ȥǰݺײ˺ˮУ麣ֲĺˮһѹˣ
ѾˣûΪһԲϾͶɱˣɼҲһܼǿܳܵġ
𡣡͵̧ͷзɿһ˿֮ɫ漴ɫһȴûк
ȻҲǽ𣬿ǷչֳʵƿɲҲû˿գڲǶֵĺûᣬϾҲûаգ·
Ҳ֪ʲôʱֱ̫Сսʱ̫ˣ̾ͻԶݶȥںܳһʱҲˣпܣҲ
Ӱס˶ֵ˼
ܣٶޱȣһ˲ܷɳǧǶڵһģҾͲţСӵٶܱҿ졣ЦһƶûдӷϿκٶĶҲû
ϢģҲûƵ˼˫ȴ
һСʱ
΢͵ɫȺ˹ȥֻһֻĴͻȻȺϷ
ֻ񲢲ôӴ󣬺ͬȼı˵ǽСˣĿģһ˫˫չǧ֮ޱȵĻƺһâڳתţ˵
񡣡Ŀһ
ոճֵֻ񣬾еĿ꣬ΪĿ˫ҲȻ
ʲôʱֵġ
ֵֻĺףͺͻȻб˳Ȼûһˡûһֻ﷢Ǻʱ
ȶų·ȥû˿ĲҲûо·ıĲ˼飬ƺǴŵģһӰһ㡣
ۿţҪɫȺʳɫʵ
ͻȻ
͵һͣͣסˡ
ˡ̷Ӧ˹ǿĲ˼飬׸֪Χı仯
~
һȳһ̣ʧˡ
ٶ̫ˣ·һŵǣǷҲ޷׽еĹ켣֪ʧģֻէȻĹ㣬жߵķ
׷~û˿ԥڿն
׷
̫ˣôô졣
һߣҲ˶ܣ͵һ磬ɫȺĶᣬˮҲǱ˲㲨ˣȴʧˡ
ôұȡЩ⣬˷λһۣȴǷʧˣţͿһԼǰӹգۼ䣬ʧӰ١
ôܣ
ܼɵ͵ضס︡ŨŨ𺧣һɴܸȻ

׷׷׷
һеĴ߶žÿһȶ䣬ͷɳ֮ңȻûǿٶȴǿķ˼
ٶҲԶԶ
ܿ죬ͷɳ˰
ţͿǰʮﴦȻԵõĻеչǧ֮ž˵
ܡϲ
ȻûޱȵͷĵһתʧԶݵ⡣
̶̵ʱȻѾָ˹
ûоûԶ룬˵ҲǲŸոջָʹ˻ϣ
׷
ȷٶ׷ֻޱȵĴһηߣһηע⵽ˣжЩִ٣ȻĽ׷ǰδеѹ
ҾͲ׷㡣ݡ
һ̲ͣĴ߶ļ󣬿кܿ췢֣ԼıѸٲ䡣
ͷ·һ㣬ܵκεų⣬һָٶҲĿĶࡣ
׷𣬴ѹ̫ˣָԽԽִ٣˺ȫָٶչ룬ĸٶͽ
ڣһ½Ų·񱻷׷ϣʱոսһηУԶûлָ
һӣǿĽǵذӿڡ
ʵ޷ֵܻ׽
ʱ򣬷Ҳൽ˼ޣֻĴٶʵ̫ˣܳͣļٷеĻǿûһ׷
һޱȼ׷սҹ֮á
ţ
󣬷ͻȻ¶ɫо˾Ĵƺʲô
üͷ΢ȴǲɫԭؾ˼Ƭ̺͵һǿһһգʱײ˴ϣϳһӣɢݳҲǱһˡ
󣬷ȡ˶͵һƣһâɳ˽ȥ
һк󣬷˴ͷصǡ



837 ǧ
ץˣ
¥ڣӹӹƣ¶֮ɫ
æϰһ£ʱһâзɳֳ˵
Ȼ񣬲˼飬˼顭
Զ۹⣬һ۾ϳٰȷһ˶ˡ
ίʵ˶ԤϣҲǱһ˼÷ȥһԣʵϾҲΪȻץû뵽Ȼôľϲһֻ
ĻҲץġ
ٶмޣԶԶٶȣֻҵȽϺãҶϵƺڱ׷Ȼ˦ˣǱҲ˼ҵͻֽţײһ½Ҽ˸ˡ
䣬β׽ľһ顣
ԭˡ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ԷĽͣҲûлɣϾǴȥģļٶҲû׷Ŀܣ֪˵޵Д֮Д֮Ĵ߶£ĵرиΪµܡ
ȻٶԶԶ磬׷Упܴġ
ֱ̫С˫һչǰٶȿĲ˼飬ھʧ£ȷʵпܷ⣬ͱ緽ģײ˴½֮ࡣ
ʵϣˣҲ⣬ײ˴󺣣ֻ߻ŻŵĴĳֲֻϳԷ˺ķȵȡ
ȻܺǾԲܷġ
Ծ˽⣬Ҳöƫֽ͡
Դˣ˸пãҲ޻˵
ұǲΪץģֻȥԣû뵽㻹ɹˣȻ˴ˣļֵǳҪ̫߳ˡ룬ЩڴĶԷ˵ϣܰңȻһټһЩ򡣡
˵ͷͬ
һһԵȷʵ޷ȣϾܻһ˵ǸۡİץֻȻˣҲǼֵ侪ˣȴֻҪӵһۡУ֮ļֵԵȡ
գѡҡ
ҪμǾٰᣬͨеľҡ
ѵõĻᡣ
ͨ£ܶණ޼֮򲻵ģֻȻóǱмֵ͸ˣЩ޼֮Ļᡣ
Ȼҡ
õ𲹳Һ󣬼ϷеģҲһ˵֣ǧ򡭡
ΪжˣϳֵĶ֣ǷĴۣ¥ı۾һҡ
ǵĸۡҲǧ򼶵ģ֮Ŀࡣ
ҲΪõ˲ٽսƷرĲôһ֡
ʱͷһңЩпȻʱǰ벽ܼҺ֮
˷֮࣬Ҳ͸¶һЩ鱨ļֵΪôľˡ
ǶܼıֵôǮȴд󲿷˶ѵٶȡ
˲ϢٶȣΪ֮Ķ
˵֮Ի˷˼ٶȣΪڴһץĿģΪ˵õڵõ
һ޷õȱݣⶼޱġ

Ŀһ뵽˿ʱĴ
֮Զһ٣˺Ž𣬾ǲ֪Ż׽ֻΪܳɹ˴ˡ
һΣĽ˹
֪ñ֪ܻ׽ǿ»鷳ҵ׽
⽫Ҫ鷳
ȳһʱɣȹЩӣ麣о˾
˲ϢҲĶ
죬ͻٰ죬㲻Ҫ뿪ǰɡ뿪֮ǰԷ
á
ûԥʣµʱ䣬Ҳȥȡˡ
ⳡᣬҲڴѣվսڼ־֮λķԣ󻯵ǿԼʵĻᣬǲݴ
ǣû
ȻûԼĸۡʵϣҲҪڵʱ䣬ԶԶû麣ųٵʱǵʧЧ麣ų½٣ҲκθоΪ˱̫ڲͬùݿһ䷿ȴʱš



838 ջ

¥͵ȴŵĶϡ
ٰӣ·ϣȴû֣ǵʲôɧģʮƽȻⳡϢֻڸ߲ʿһ˸û֪
߰ɡ
Ҳûϻֱóһص뺯ſֲ֮Ϣתţǽ᳡ƾ֤
Ŷ룬â뺯һһ
ûеֵâϡ
ţռ任˴¥ʧһĿռ䡣
Ϊͽܹûие⣬Ŀɨռ
Ȼ麣ȴѾˡ
ΧһƬޣԶһڵ㣬Ǿٰĵطˡ
ط
΢ռоֲϢԶԶ
ǽŴ˵ٳġһԽ͵
ѹ֡Ȼ뵽ػǵֻ˵
һͬѹƣѹƵĳ̶ȻҪǣǷɲˣٴμе뺯âͶһڡ
1509ǵķˡ˿ܣȻ
Ҳע⵽ڷŰļҾߣһǽ͸ģԿ
һƽأΧŴķ䣬Ȼ棬ӦøڵĴࡣ
ӦҲǿߡ
һСʱŻῪʼʲôҪίĻԷŽȥߵ˴һˮ̨ϣʮöԼҪĶȥŹâһЩʱʧ
£ҡҡͷûʲôȥίġ
һСʱһӳƽϣʽʼ
һʼ
ܿҲ֪Ϊʲôôһռˣѡǡ
ţûܵѹƣĸоǵɫڳƷûܵκεѹƣĵرƷ鱦ȵȣȫſֲĸӦǣΪܵ˵ѹƣʹֻģĽиӦ
طĸӦƷʵҲμȷжϣҪҪμӾۣǾ۵̶ֳȡ
۽簡
֮һеС
ϵĸָ챦ʵ̫ˣһЩԸ磬һЩԸ߲磬麣죬Ծİĸ߲Ķ֮ܶ඼Ƿδţδģʦϸܣ÷ǳ
˵ģžһջ񣬿˷۽磬ⳡûκζǲеġ
ǰǰ󣬹
ֻţûн˼Ʒ棬Ҳĵرûһĵر÷ġ
ĵرǰϡĬĬţЩƷļ۸һµĸ
ʱƽϣͻȻһ貵Ľɫֳ꣬ʮ壬渡عԡ
֮۾ʱ
ĵرͻƵȵ֮ⶫ쳣ĺҪĵر֮ϣҲûڶ﷢һöԼõöսƷ
֮ܽеһĵرȡ
ᵽڣҲֻһö֮
ʦ󣬷̳ۡ
һ򡣡
۸ûƬͣ٣̾ͱ˳һ·ת۾ͳ߰ҡ
Ҫ֪ǰĵرҲҰ
΢΢һҲȻˡ
˵֮ͻĵرĲ֮һȥļ۸ӦǲĵرŶԡ
ʵȴȻ
֮ĵرͻƵȣĵرڻ֮ȴ޷֮ǲġ
Ͼĵرклõĺģ۸Ҳر
֮ãЩĵرֵ֣һĵر˷ˡ
Ϊˣ֮ļ۸ҪһĵرߵĶࡣ
һǧ򡣡
۸ͻһǧʱ
̫֮ңǽ޷ͶˣȽ϶ԣͻоҪ
Ҫö֮ͻȻ
һĵرҪ֮ͻƵȡ˵ͷû
ҪͻƵģʱ֮֡
һĵرϷʱٶȣ˵
۸ĻҿǸȥˡ
˵ͷԷңʮ˽ģϾĺܶණֳͨ۵ġ
ҿһǧ򣬵ļˡ£𻺻
Զ֦ûоܾ
һǧ򣬷ٴμ˾ۣ֮ļ۸һ·ǡ
գһǧ˰۵õö֮
۵ѡ˷Ͼ֮ļ۸Ҳ޵ģĵرͺҲ֮ļ۸
Уâһö֮ʧˮ̨ϣͬʱҲһǧ˰ҡ
һӣһӳö֮ȡҲʮá
ö֮ͷĵرӵˡ
Ȼڵ޷ͬʱĵر÷Ҫ뷨ǿҡ
Ҫˡ˵
䣬ƽϣҲ𽥳һöö
֮ȼĲֳͬȽףӵ͵ߣĻǵڶȵóʮöʮöǵöڵĵȵġ
ⳡᣬֵȵڵȵ֣ûóġ͵
ڽʱʦԼǵĵȽף˷
ҪģǵˡѰ˼š
ĵȵѾԹˣųţôҲֻܼϣڵȵ
ͱƷͬĻ޷ֱ֮ġ˵ǰȥˮ̨һ
һ̣һ̨Ӵ︡𣬳ǰ
ԼƷȥܲ᲻ǵһνˣҲǵһЩ·Ϥ
ԣƷȥһĸоȻִЩһ㡣
жϳʺϲʺҡ¶ϲɫ
һööʼ
һЩߣҲһЩġ
飬Ҳš
÷ʧûһ⣬գöΪǿƽϣǵȵǷĸоȻǲм
ûкʵģû⡣
ǵϣ඼̫֮࣬ޣҪҵʵǴ룬Ҳ
Ĭ
Ҫ˵ﲻʧǲܵģҲ޿κΡ
һƷһλǿߴӻáʦʼܣƽϣҲǳµƷ
ʲôüͷƷ
һСʯڲ߲߰ƺ˼صĴûһõĵط
ʯڻ洦ɼ
ϣûиоκҲûв˿֮
óİɡҡҡͷ֪ϾһЩ޷ʶĶͨԶǷƷֻõϣҪɡ
ͬڶĲмȴǺֹ˫ĿŹĿɫʯ
ֵһ̣оһԴ麣֮
̷֮֮Ӧ˹
鲻۵ĺɫʯ棬Ż֮ǵȼߵģ÷ڵ麣֮˹ǰδ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôû˷⣬ȴǲ˿̳ۡ
˷⣬һ˶ɫʯҲȤǶԷƺûз⣬ں˼ֺ󣬾ѡ˷
ʮҵ΢Сۣõɫʯ
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡ˮ̨ϳֵĺɫʯд󶨡
ɫʯξûĿĴﵽˡ
ţ׼죬Լľ硣
ûв롣
ֵƷǾƷҲмΪǿĵر۸Ǹ֮߰ͷǵң˼ּۡ
ЩƷҲ۽硣
ⳡѹ֮
ʦ仰һ䣬вμ˶ĿƵ档
ѹ֮Ȼõġ
һѹ֮ò˶Ϊ֮񣬲֪һĻʲôҲ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ƽķ˺ġ
Ŀ¡
һŽɫĽֳֽĳǰ
ǿŽֽɢݳǵĺΰ˶ǺȻɫ䡣



839 Ļ뿪
ʲô
ƽĽֽ˶ǺȻɫ䡣
Žֽ̫ǿˣǿĲ˼飬κǰоСҪ֪μⳡˣȫǿߣвԶȽ𼶻Ҫǿˡ
˷ĵǣ󲿷ֵԼڽֽϺΧһڣвǡ
˵Ŀⶼǰδеһʦȴյס
Ʒѹ֮Žֽϼţߵĵرطʦ
û˵꣬˶䶯ˣһܵľڸ
ܣܣôĶ͵վϵд˲š
ʦܵˣһӦȫǲš
ߵĵرĺ͵һͣҲ¶ȵ֮ɫ
Ǵ˵Уľĵ޲ʹãſȴ˵ܵﰡãûκһطκһߵĵرֻжܵЩǾߵĵرģγɵģһȫһ֪
ûΪߵĵر򵥵γɣϾĵرҪ֮ܽİߵĵرγҪ϶ߡ
Ȼߵĵر϶Ǵڵģֻǵܣǿգһ˸Ӵ
٣μЩˣûһ˽Ӵ
ʦλĺ䶯˶ǼѣȷʵĲȫǵޣ˵޵ıǳĵͣǣЩ棬˭ûм׿ĵ޵ġ
ܵõһߵĵر
˵ĺ䶯ʦ⣬˵Ԥ֮УֻĻû˵ꡣ
λҪҵĻû˵꣬ŽֽȻߵĵر֮أǽǲƪǹƣֻݵʮ֮һ⿿Žֽϼصݣ޷ɹߵĵرġʦ͵ЩǱǰ˵ġ
ƪ
ݵʮ֮һ
ʦĻ˽һˮ侲еĳȴûмٶ١
ȻݣɽһŲƪ㹻˷ܲˣϾǸû˽ߵĵرǧѷĻᣬֻʮ֮һݣоණ
ȻĶҲԣֻпܳ֡𳤳³һ˻ȥ
仰⡣
ʣŽֽļֵ̫ˣһͻĺ䶯ˣѪֻϽŰȫ
綼Ƕģֻ罻֮أֵܼ󻯣麣ĸ߲磬ޱȵΣգҺǽ˵γɣȫԿԱ֤
麣ĵطһֻ˵ﾭһܰ˶ˡ
ߵĵرǴ˵е֪ؼǲȻγߵĵرģȾǼˣߵȺߵϵĵرأֻǿ૵Щйеļ
ȻγɣĵرǼ𣿡йâһ
ʱҲмʶˣϳ˽ֽĲʣϹʥ֮ƤƳɣһɢſֲ׵ӿ糱Ĺ⻪֮Ѫд͡
ǲǷõα֮ѪϾ֮Ѫ˲֪Ĳ۳ģԴ˵֮Ѫȣ֪˶ٱ
ʦĿ϶˶Žֽġ
һƷʼ
ʱʼ˼ҵᣬ˶ŽֽŪ֡
Ͷȴ˻ȥ볢һϾĿɿڴ˱ĸ߼۸ŵˣϾһ߼ִ£±վ¥ҶԶԶ
ûв˼֪Žֽ䵽Լ
գŽֽĳһŵۡ
ǲμӵ˲޵Ļ۸񻹻Ϸ
ˣⳡʹ飬ĲȴԶԶô

󣬷һǧ򻹸˶漴׼뿪麣
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Ϊһʱ䣬µģϾ˶֪Žֽ²ôȥһʼ˶ڻ񣬲ֽ뿪
ߵĵرջûܰסǵޣûߵĵ
Ҳû˵ʲô֪˴ں֮£Բ˴Ƕԣǿٵصͷȴ£˵ҪȴҪͺܶ࣬ƽ£ݱʱ˵һЩǿߣڣŽֽһʻ޹⡣
ںܳһʱڣĿ⣬Ӧöһϡ
ʱţҪȥͻƣûе飬ٶ뿪麣



840 ʯ
޾ա
һƾճ֣ûΧĻӿһʹӹܽĻʱ糱ˮ㱻ųȥ
Ǵ麣عķ
磬޾ƶţ겻ټ϶Է˵޾ոӰȫ˽麣ĵ㣬ѡ޾ա
ӴĽӷӿ˷ȥƬ̺ûзκ쳣ķջ˾һ۳޾֮Уһ˴ۡ
Щԡüͷû̽졣
оЩ֣Ȼ˵λʲôԾָ麣¡
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żߵĵر֮صĽֵֽЩɣǡǰڣĿⶼ˹ȥ
һֱ˵ʲô˵ϵڡ
Ҳ԰磬ȼ̫ߣ³ɾͽ֮λʲôôǺͼߵĵر֮صĽֽǲֵһģҪصΪ׳ջתע
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ֱҪ˵֤һ㶼ûУ˵ǱˣԼš
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Ŀ䣬޾λá
޾綼Լĵ̺λãƶҪ˵ΪһЩǧѷƶײһںǻ˵ĹȥǽӶ֮ǰ޸ϵĴײһ˶ܿ·ǱѰ϶Ļڲš
ֻûһˣ֪ôһ¡
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Ϊڶʢһ̣һվˮʯ֮ǰҪģǾԼʵӦκα仯
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Ȼûκ⣬Ҳû˹ǣһλãƬ̺ͨŻռҲȥ麣ͻ죬Ǻߣȴ߰˰ˣʱڣ޷ٶȽ߲ˡ
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ɽʵǳĴ󣬱һȶǺѷɫ岼ţŸָɽΪûб̾ᣬѡУΪչͻƵĵص㡣
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ܲǺɫʯ֮ȴܳɷ򿪣Ƿܿ췢֮ɫʯ̵󣬲ʲô취Ǿ̫֮ӵ޷κκۼὫƻˡ
÷𾪡
ڵʵε֮ǿȻ޷ںɫʯºۼֱ޷
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֪žأȴûа취Ŷ롣
Ҳģ׾ƻͱ˷֣ҲͲ䵽
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Щգĺɫʯ޼ƿʩ
ҵΨһ麣֮Ķܵõ֮Ȼܳɹγƽ⣬÷̤µľ硣
ȵûмǴӵȵϸо֮ȴ÷ɣǵȵ¶޷ڵ麣֮γƽ⣬ϾǼȡɵģ֮ȼޡ
麣֮ȼ̫ߣкôҲл
ôȻ˵÷ԸһȻţԼԶһһֱֻҪĴˣȻƥĻ֮Ƿڵı仯зš
ֻ̻ܳǷȱģǡǡʱ䡣
ȵȣɫʯЩ죿ĿһںɫʯϣԺһͻȻӦ
ʯ졭
ڼУֹ
۾Ƭ֮ſһ
һڵʯȭͷСʲôʣı棬ȼһɫĻ棬һֳǵı
ʯ档
Ȼǣ½ʱ֮ͨ죬Ƕݵһʱ䣬˵ʱΣ
ǲĵرʲôЩҲûпйصϢһֱڽֱʱű
棬ȼ꣬Ҵٽػ½ķУǷǳǿģڴʱķȴûʲô֮ǿʯûֻΪ塣
ʯڷǰ
ǶǳԻ죬֮
Ŀȥ֣ʯżΪƵĵط·ͬĲʡ
ѵ˵֮仹ʲôϵ
ͷ͵һ漴һ˿ʯ࿿
ǵĿԭǳƽʯͻȻ䣬һصı仯֮䷢š
ţ·дʯһ㣬͵ײһ
~
һѷ죬ںɫʯϡ



841 ֮ˮ
ѡѿˣ
ɴ۾֮ǰ뾡취޷֮ƻֺĺɫʯѿһ϶
һ̡
һ˿ֲ˼ϢͻȻѿĺɫʯɢݳ
ɫ䡣
˿Ϣֲ̫ˣǿĳ󣬱Ϲʥ֮ƤƳɣ֮Ѫд͵ĽֽϢҪֲǰоԼһ΢ĳ˲Ϣܽķ顣
ɣ˿Ϣ¶˵ڵȵɽ壬ԼԲڵһУȫữΪ촷ۡ
Դݻһе
á
дͬʱʶҪʹɽӹһ١
Ȼʱ
ڣ麣֮γɵ룬麣ͶӰͻȻ΢΢һ𣬷һ˿Ϣ˽ȥ
Χǿֲʱʧ
δܸоڵı仯Ҳܸоڹؼʱ̣麣ͶӰ˿һ
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ѿһѺۣй¶һ˿Ϣ˾׵޷ҪĶȫ¶Ǻε֮ǿ
ܲܺʹ˵ȣ֪ǧٴΣȴ׾ٵġ
꣬ꡭ
ת䣬ı仯ȴûֹͣɫʯϵѺԽԽ󣬶й¶ϢҲԽԽֻ࣬Ǹոճ֣ûнͱڵ麣ͶӰյˡ
ꡣ
ڣɫʯѳ룬ûȷӴԶԶ֮ǰȻ˳˿ɣܽԲĵطΪĩա
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Ǹ߲磬麣
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һֲεĽ棬岻ϰ֣麣ͶӰı仯Ҳ죬ͶӰȻǲͬ죬ͨ麣ʱ̸֪麣λô򵥣Ÿǿá
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µĵɫ֮ӿ룬֮ǰ֮һγɽУµĽб֮ǰǸǿ
ȻҲ顣
ɫһδεγɣȻһδε飬ڲϵУڻԽԽĵɫ֮ԽԽǿ
ڣھ˲֪ٴ󣬵ɫĽں麣ɫĽǿγƽ⡣
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һƽϢ
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~
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ûȥˡ赭дջƣ૵͵һ˶ʱΪ⣬ǰδеٶȷҡֱϣᴩ˲񷡣



842 ֺͻع
˳ͻƣД֮ڶ㣬ʱķͽǰȣʵ췭ظı仯ڵǿ˺ֵز¾Լ
ɱֻǿ߼ı赭дûó
ڵңжǿ૵ĽȻת򣬷˼еһ
麣ͬΪ̶ΧĻʲôǿıк챦ǵúһ̽Ҳûа׷ѹ

һ̫Ӵǳ򣬳ڷǰ
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һΣ·ĵرĴڣ̾ıȴɵѡߡ
ػĵر飬ǼǿǿԴĵرϵõƵĺô
Ƕ𼶱ҲǿߵıпȽǿ飬ޱȵĿֲ
~
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תϢֲ䣬ǳӴ汻ţʮ־ˡ
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·ĩһ㣬Χڵıȫʧ룬ͷҲصԶӴܣûһֻﵨͣͻ̫ǿˣһ飬ͻᱻ˵ನ顣
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о˼ֲϢնߣҲˡ
ǿı̫ˣǸ߲磬ǱǿٱС

ƾž˵ٶȣڰ׷ɱĿֲ飬ص˽Ư½һ뿪˻졣


843 ɽ
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ǵһйԴӴӦǧϼźصؽ
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仰ûͷûβ˸ⲻ˼ǰȴ˼
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Ҳ޿κΣȻ绹ں֮У˵ķֲȴѾˡε
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Ҳǽ̶ȱȲԭ˶ѭ
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ͽӶһۣǸе飬ޱȵĳء
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һŻƾճ֣漴к俪ΧĻһӻ


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ĳĿʧѪôΪ۴˴磿
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849 ֻ
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Щ۷ǿߣǷĿ꣬ǣΪ̤ʯ֮λ

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ĿңԶĲ˴һۣѪûǰн˴磬ȥĿ֮£˻ҹڤ硣



852 ȥս
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𼶵ǿߣҹڤĺ֮һ˿Դһ˿ԴҲʧ֪ȻҪ֪ôģûôˣϢ
Ѫ־ŭżҡ
аӵ֧֮ԮĻᶼûУɼڲ˴ľǺεա
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սѰҿܴڵҺ⣬ҪѰۺˡ

ǰպǰȻʣһӴޱȣ߼ʵĺڰգڷǰ
֮ǰսȻҲǷǳĴ󣬿ɶҲܸо߽磬·Ǹоޣ·ǵ޾Ƶġ
ǿޱ𾪵ĺ˳ѭ˹ȥҲǻ
ֻңɼ·ޱߺڰ֮УһӴ绺¶ȥƺܽʵȴǼңԶȻǸôԶľ룬ܿɼӴ
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Ȼ֪ںϣۿڱ˴˿˵𺳻Ǽ
ǶǴܣ֮⣬磬̥Ĥŵģ·Ǳţ￴ȴû̥Ĥ谭ǿޱĿһ硣
ǿʱ򣬾糹׵Ϊһ塣૵
ҲĿ¶⡣
սһΪĵطλ֮䣬ĿںϵĹ̡
Ȼĸûп֪ǿ϶Ҳڻսķ
Ÿ£ͻ᳹ںϣʱ̼вһֽȸУڻսϣ粻ϿܸĸоʱĽš
ˣץʱɡƣӵ˴оѹ
ҲǻعΪԼıֺա
ǻսսΣյĵطôĻôĶ֪
˶ԻĴʱӶȫעΧſֵܳΣա
սǳĴܷ°磬ȻںϣҲڲϵСȴȻǴĲ˼顣



858 ôڵ
һ𣬻һЩܣʵҲҽս
λںڰգӿǿգǵĿڷϣ޲¶֮ɫ
Ϊޣǿ˵ľĿҲֻͣһᣬڷˣȫӡ
ǿߣһһ𡣡ݣȷʵ԰ߣǰǣڡ
ԶԼ˵ǿߣӵޱȵĵ˵Ŀ⣬ǴһЩ
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ϵˣΪİں˽Ӵ۾ġ
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ˣ𶯣ٶ뿪

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Ӱٴ˵أӿź˵ԶһĽ
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ǿǷһϸŲŵ˶΢΢ɫ
⼸սķǳ죬ҴӲһͣԷϵľ衣һ̾Ϣ
һҲǵ˵ͷЩͷۣĶѶԸҵΪֹ֪Էһ硣
սһ˲õļһﰡ˶һۡ

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ʮĵطͣǸ֪˵ĵûκͣͷߡ
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۷ǿߣվ۷壬ҪλߣȴҲûôס
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˵Χ󣬷
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սһֵֺĸоƺʲô˵
ѯˣҲһͷˮ
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ҲϣҲкͷһĸоûзôǿң֮ǰǻΪԼĴ
ڸ𣿡Ŀ˺ڰ
⼸죬ڻսΧɱ䵥ˣû̫ǿߣҲûս
봳ȥ˽⵽ࡣܿ˾
ǣΪı¶٣ǰԣϾս˽⣬һŪö̫󣬺ɴеĿꡣ
ڲһѾ֤ĸ޹أֻʣһ۴磬΢һ£ҲδɣڻսΧûзκ۴ˣҪ󣬲пϡ
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һΣûͬУزҲй©ԼˣֻҪɱ۴ˣʱܳ뿪
׷һ𡣡÷Щǣûԥѡ˼׷档
սһأҲԸˡ
ǲ˴˲ڼ֣ҹڤʤҲûл·䵽ʱȥ
˵ѪҺЩڣǲȱٵҲʵ
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ˣŻսٷȥ
Ų뿿ڷʲô
ˡ
һ˿˿۲ɼˣ˷ӿ˹˺丵βʣյһ㲻棬ԽսΧӿ˾Խࡣ
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ԾģΧӿжô࣬ʵϣһ˿˿΢ԶԶ˺һ÷𾪵ģ˱
Ҫ֪ս֮䣬޾ƣԲ˴ޡ
ǲӦô˵ġ



859 Ȫ
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ܵĽų˿˿϶ܿ죬Ҳܵӭ˿˿ˣһ֮УӦô˵ĵطȴˣǳǵ
֣⵽ʲôˣκһˣȴױǵ˸ա⡣
ⲻκһˡ
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Щ˷ӿ˺ܹ֣ǲκһˣȴܱ˺׵յ·ǲδ֪ˣǲ˴һ㡣
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սʤ˱Լǿʢˣ˴˼ɣͬһĻӶᣬڵˮ齻ڰգȴǰֶͬ
Щ˲һδ֪Ĵ磬ϾͬĴ޷ݵģ֮˽ͱںϵ磬ںΪһ壬ڲ˴ˣҲ޷ˡ
δ֪Ĵ磬֪硭Щˣ磬ֲ硭Ǹո´硣૵
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Դ磬ȴͬ
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Ȫۡ
Ŀ΢Ҳž⣬Ȫۼٷȥ



860 ƴ
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ģﾹȻһȪ
ڰУӿ˵Ȫһ֣Բڣ˶ɧˡ
һ̣֪˶˫ĿŹ⣬ȪţȫԸȪķٷȥ
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սȻȳֵĵط̲ź˵ȪȴΪģ֣˭Ҳ޷ԤһȪֵĵص㣬ΪֹֻȪǵڡ
˶˷쳣˵һЩء
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ŲεĿϲϵ˲䣬ƾ͵̽ⷭӿȪ֮С
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վһ˿ңңȷʵûκϣڽһЩĵطҲץʱ䣬һЩɢˣһȪߣ⸽˻ָԭûôõˡ
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߸ߣʮһߣݣǿ緽Ҳ֮⡣
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ȪⷭӿĿֲһ˿־֮ɫҿֲ˷ѵõĻᣬĿսȦɨ
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861 
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ûڿʼ֣ƫƫڲֽȥǵòȪΪ̫٣˶ò١
ò˵˴ǹڷˣλʵû˻ỳɣǣ̫ˡ



862 ѹ
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ڰ·Ͼͱ˦ˣǰһתǿĸǿߣҿʱ˶ȪͼսעҲûע⵽ǡ
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λ֣˵㹻÷ܵѵ
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⣬ڳݺȥȪӿˣԴԴϵţ˺ɱ䣬˵ĲΣ֮ı仯Ǹķӡų÷ʵڽ
ĴĶǿԽԽĺʵֲ̫ˣκ˶ֱ棬µǣԽսԽ£ǴﶼڴŹġ
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ۼûһɵȪԣ˽ȥ
ԭҵ˶ʱþȻȻӿ˺֮У˺ͷ൱ȪҲǸû;ޱĽĿУķͶ˷˺



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֮УγɵٶȷǳĿ죬Ȼٿ죬Ҳûзĸ졣
Ŀɿڴٶȣƻ֮һûɵʱ򣬾ͷɵ˱Եѳ塣
һĻҹڤ̲ס¶ʧ֮ɫȻԷٶԤϣǿ쵽زǳǵʮնδ׼ãתۼܳչγƣЩ˸ڴá
˲ãסˣȻȴƫƫ֮һ
ΪԼӳȥ𣿸һȥ
ͻȻһȻ
~
ֲڷǰһ׳иָ֣ճȭһȭƺҪһ㣬ֲϢԹ۵Ϊ֮
۷ǿߣһλ۷ǿߡսŸǿߣڳڴһսҲв˿
̬ķչϣһۣҹڤڶλ۷ǿߵĳ֣˶
һӳλ۷ǿߣֲãҲɿǳҹڤжд̣֮졣
Ϊһ벻𣿡ΣͷȻǴݲȡ
͵һ񣬷һ·̫֮Ͳ֪ʲôʱڷ
~
ĵرֲɨ׳Ӻݺײһ
۷ǿ߽֣ǺεȾˣɲǼ䣬ضΪ֮ʧɫ̼ƴأһԹ۵˶ľĴײ׳ӷ˿
׳ɫѿݵĽ֣ûռκαˣһ·ĸоƴĴ߶Լɽ¡
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׳ӵأûκã׵뿪ֵķΧĿһۣ͵񶯾Ϊ⣬˼£ͳ׵ʧ
Ѫ𷢳һŭ𣬿ȴûκΰ취
ʧˡ
ҹڤ粼˴֣λ۷ǿߣҪΧɱյĽȴǹܴɡ
һʮ⡣
۷ǿңңŷʧķжż־ãһ˲ų³һڳ
ٶȵһȻ鴫



868 ع
ٶȣȷʵٶȵһ⼸֡һ۷ǿ߻ͷͬͬжϡ
ǿ
ʼգ඼ǣҹڤһһݲȣѪŪڹ֮УģǾ˫ٶȡ
ҹڤ岼õĺܸԲֻ߽һγԣҹڤȴûκѡءǰ˵۷ǿߵ
ţѡ񡣡һ˵ͷ
˵ĻΪãҹڤԼ¶ҹڤܳס¶Ϣ¾һˡ
һ˵뷨ȴôΪ
ʵϣҹڤǱѡ
ж׵ڳǰͣһж
δаտ϶ҹڤڳڸ壬һк壬Ϊû壬ѡ뿪
ǲǷһγԣжҹڤж
ԵĽ屻ִܴɡ
ǣѪΰΪǳһ̶᷵뿪ŲֵĻûκ壬·Ŀܣ˵¶һ͸΢ˡ
ǿ͸һ㣬ѪŻһǲһͳɹˡ
ٶһЩ»Ҫ
ڷ˵ٶǰǹһ
µٶȣ˽ΪǵĶ֣ҪĻ뽫ٶȿǽȥֵ׼
۷ǿ߶һۣ鶼ʮء
۴۷ǿߣǿĴ֮һ֮λڱصõĿ꣬κпܳΪвǵľ衣
ʵΣǻǷٶȣȴλ۷ǿȻ
棬ҲһٶϺͷᲢۣĻԣ˵ǽɹ˿أռˡ

Ȼ塣
ԶԶ뿪Ǹڣ̫⡣
ҹڤΪжɵˣ뵽ŻսСĴԽԽΣգӶǰ뿪սôҹڤҲ뵽һ㣬ԵĲ֣塣
ԷԸȻҲῼǲһ㣬ȻѡʱĳڣֻĳԣҪŪҹڤûж
ܽΣѡߡ
Ͼҹڤ֣ΣգսϣĿռҪխ࣬ҪΧɱͻࡣ
뿪ս;кܶ࣬ûҪѡΣյһ
ҲΪҹڤͨ󵽣гڶġ

һڡ
~
⣬˲䴩˹ȥ뿪˻ս
һߣûκ
۴ս֮һҹڤ˵ٴҲܵ
ֱӵľϵЩǱ˶缶ս˲ǿߣ˴˼ĳԽԽҹڤ˵ҳڱ˵ĵϣҪñ۴Χɱ׼
ɲΪۻҹڤԸϾڻûб¶̫˵ʵٶȵĻ۷ºҹڤĳޡ
һѡ
ֱӷز˴磬ȻǲܵģطԽ¥ɽ磬ҲԽ۴磬תع顣
۴磬Ȼʮֵĺ棬ǿĴ֮һ
ϣȴѡ¥ɽ磬ϾǶԷϳҹڤ綼׽룬µһˣҷڻսϱֵʮǿƣ۴˹۸УҲòȥ
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һ⣬Ѹٴ¥ɽ硣
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˵ӻڼգ¥ɽ˻ȫ˸ȡ
Ҫʱ䣬ʱжϲԿ϶ʱ򣬾һȻǽˣ̫Զ
ȡ˵Ḷ̌ٻ֮á
Ѿ˵ˣȫɱˡ¥ɽıԵŵˣ׵ɱˡ
ǵʵ΢Ϸ˺֮һѸɱ䡣
ת¥ɽûʲôպ󣬷˳ص˲˴硣


869 Ĭ
˴Ȼһġ
֮У֮ı仯մ¥ɽо
˴սӹȡԭˡ
Ƚ϶ԣ˴˱仯Ҫ¥ɽһΪʵϣ¥ɽҪȲ˴ǿԵʣȻһǱ˴˼Ĳ࣬ûôŤתĨƽ

Ĳ࣬Ҳûʲôˡ૵
ûг֣˲࣬ȷʵҪȡԭˣʱ̵ǰ˶ɱ䣬ǿ̫壬ĸʧ˶ͬһڣ֮λ
Է˵һ¡
Ȼ˴֧ҲǾأ÷̵ʱڣ׳Լˣһվ϶̫ˡ
Լ
̫ˣ㿪ʼʱߵ͵۷壬ֱ׷һޱ֧£ҲȻǴ׷ϵ״̬
ڵǿʢ֮Զ˴κһˣ磬Щʸ֮λ۷ǿߣһԶ
ʱ⣬Ҳֻþֶȥֲ׷ϣʵϣ˽ȼ侪ˣô̵ʱڣһеӽ۷ǿ˵ĲΣ˵ǾУ˵ȥŵһˡ
а꣬Ҫֱ׷С΢΢ҡͷ
û˿٣аʱ䣬Լܺϡ
ûĺͶ־ǽ֮λҲͱˡ

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;УͻȻͣ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ĸ֪Уؼ޴ڵ˷ӿţһطȴǳ˿հףûһ˿һˡ
δû˵
͵һ񣬷⡣
Ƭ̺󣬷Ӱ¶Ŀ·һۡΧ羰ɾһ㣬յ˵ĵطӦΪŨҲŶԣȻȴĸоһ˿ˡ
ԭˣˣһ˿档
·ǲ˴磬һС硭ԣСڵģ˵ı仯ҲСڳ֣С磬Ӧ˵硭֮İ硣
Ȼĵط¶ɫ
ѣȻˣΪβһأһʵȻ𣬴Ӹۡд
Ȼ˾˵ϡ
ص˲䣬Ŀ΢оŵˣ̼ʧһɶ
뿪磬Żе󣬾սϣ˶ʧ
·ðǰݷá³һ
ۡŶŮŮӴ߳ŷ΢΢һ

˵ͷŮ߽˸ۡһ԰Уǿҵֲ߸ָ滨δš
ϳе֣жʱһ
ֶǼΪ¥ѵһмеͣȴıڴ˵ء
ģϲǲ⻪ӿţȴһ۾ܿǵĲ
԰룬һͤһ۵ӡ
ﲻָָֻλõ
Ǻ֮ǰԼͬһ
ˣظۡˡ
ˡӶ
ҽĬ΢Ц

˵֡Ĭ¶һ˿΢Цƺʲô⡣
ڲ˴ˣûֵģȷʵС
ŮǷ֪ģǲȥܿ϶ҪԼĲҪ߼ࡣ
ֲˣҲֱƷ
ĻİɡĬ˵
һСʱ
͵һΪһȥͷȥۡΧʧ·ûгֹһ㡣
Դˣ⡣
ۡǴŵģֻڱһʱ֮С
Ļ˵ص쳣ͱ˷ˣʵϣû˵˴绹ôһڡ
ɲⰡ΢ݡ
Ĭĸоɲ⣬÷͸ʵҲΪֹǿУΨһһûаյĵˡ
ɾס
Ҫ֪δչԼȫʵսʱһѪڣʵȻǿ󣬵Ҳ޷սʤĸо
ңҲע⵽ۡˣ϶û˿ˡ
ʿǱˣ΢΢ҡͷûжȥ
һСʱĽӴ˫̸˵ϵرûʲôĿԣֻ죬Ȼ⣬ԸоĬûκζ⡣


870 ѹ
֮ڣĬһûУҲûκһ۷ǿߣܺӦϡ
һʱ䣬ʱı⣬Ҫ£֮λҲѾ̫ˣǿʵҲûá
Ҳ˵Ĭû˼Էûж⡭
ⲻԼĵˣȻˣʵǿΡ
ûйѰգ⣬˴
պ󣬼Ӱǰǰˣص˴󣬷͸˴Ѷ֪Լ١

ˣ˾ͺá
Ȼ˶ʱ˿սϵףһֱĵţΨִµϢ
ҲǶ룬ʵսǿ̫࣬ҹڤ޷ǣǵǿ̫࣬ƾһ˵Ļ˫ȭѵ֣һи¾ͻٲ֮ء
˵սһգǾͶൣһ죬ֱʱǳ׵ķ
˰ͽλ˴⣬ճǵĳҲλֱպع飬ҲͶмͷɵ񣬷Ǿȹġ
ǵ˵ͷк
Ǹν۷ǿߣͻȻһ̶
ԣ˶üպŭݡ
˵һۡ
һȥʮҵļӣҲڻӭ棬ӿǿȰͽӻҪǿ࣬Ȼϵȴ֣쳣СԶԶƥʵ
󣬷̾˹ûӣǿһԵİꡣ
λʵͷ൱ǰòŸոյһߡ̾˿Ѽӵ˵˳
˫ֱأİ
ν۷ǿߣȻһ쾳ĵޣ⻹й۷ġĿɨ˷һۣӵЦ
ǲ˴Ҳ̫ˣȻףõģĵһ֣ҲҲͰˣȻˣҼǲ˴磬ǾעǻֻҪȫ֧ң֮λֵԵõ
ûѷľǽ쾳ں󣬶ʱʧȥȤ
˵˵ʲôҲʸô˵ӿĻ˶üͷ壬պŭɶֱӳŭ⡣
ʸ񣿡
Цƾڲ˴磬ûһ֣ƾɱҹڤ磬ܵ𣬻˵ǿν۷ǿУ
˵սҹڤ׷ĵܣֻƾźųһٶȣǿսС첻ȥˣֻܻĻô㱾£ҲҺųʲô۷ǿߣЦ
ЩΣŭǶԼӵĻȴûз
ˡ
һ֣߼ʵ˴˷⣬Ҳֻһλߣ˽֣Ǽʤһ
ҲȷʵǴҹڤ磬ֻû̫Զ
ҹڤû뵽СĲ˴˳ıӵҴǵĵ̣Ͼǿߣǵսϣصǿ߲࣬һʱûзӦݺһء
ˣüӵļͣĿһУûнκ˷ʲô۷ǿߣǲмһˡ
±ô˵ǿǶ߷磬Ϊǿʣ˶ԷƳ
רѡʱƣҲҪܷ֤Լǲ˴ǿˡ
Եɣոջع飬ȻҲ˼͡
俴˼һۡ
֪ߵغ񡣡ûж˵ʲôϻӿ̧ż˹ȥ
ҵġ
ӲϲͲ÷֣˴磬ȻҲҴ⡣
䡣
ǿӿ𣬻Ϊһ޴Ĺÿһǿشһ˲Ϣ䣬ӿƾ˵˼㡣
Ƚ϶ԣһƣȴû̫ơ
ԷĵպˣҲ
Ȼ
˵һӴ
ϵž˲ʧһɶȡ֮ģźͿ־塣
~
ȥ
ӿֱ㣬˸ɣɫһӲ԰ֽ˱ڣѹȥ
~
ؾţԲڣһ޴ޱȵӣѪһ˵صס
߰ɡջƣԴľİ˵



871 ҽ
ƽһưѼ˵صףѹ˵΢һС£㲻ʲô
ʵҲˣսϣĶǺε֮ǿȼǿһصĶһץһѣʵڲ˴޵ˣڷȴǲֵһᡣ
ǣȴȫɵˡ
û뵽ôףͰѼӸˣǰͽӣǼ֤콭ȫаһսʱֳʵѾ۷ǿһˣʵҲԶڷ֮ϣҪһߣҲûôףе㲻Լ۾
ŵģǾ޴ľϲ
²ʵ˳ĽԲ˴˵֮õĺ¡
·ӣһɡ
ȻΪ˿Դû˶кøУαݺݽѵһͨﻹʮʹ죬һڶΣҲǴӱ˴һߵģҪ֪ģҲá
ûʲô£һѳ˰һۣ˵
ˣֻǸһѵ֪ˮжһ߾Сģûʲô֣βҲˡ
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պ˲ģŲ˴ӡ˲ԣ룬¥ɽԪĻױԣûзߵʵ
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˵ǧϼŶ֮ƣǵûʧһɳ죬˴磬еѹȥ
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ͽӶʮ˷ܣǿһѹǸǡ
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˵ĻУȫǷ۴ý֮λȵȣѹû֮λ˴ʤĿܡ
ⲻǣ˴̫ãСһۺҹڤ磬۷ǿҲڶ࣬ԶܱģҪ˵֮λ뷨»ᱻЦ
Ҳû˵˼һУж˵

ҼҪ׼ͻȻ˵
ң⻰һͽȫɫ䡣
ܴӣΪ֮ˣǻ޷Ԥϡ˵ͷҲһ·ϣ뵽ġ
ûȥսӦҲŰɡ
ǡ˵ǿߣȥ˴󲿷֣Ȫɬĳ棬޷ġ
ͷ
˵ı仯ӵ磬սѾûͼЩ˻𽥻عԵĴ硣
ս֮䣬˵ı仯˾ˣᷢ籾ϵ˱仯ҿԿ϶ӵļңȪĳҪսƵ౶
ȪᡭɫЩˣ׹
ǱȻġ
ɮ٣ҪȪ˷ǳĶ࣬ȪֵƵٸߣҲԻǹӦᵼᡣ
ҹڤΪȻã֣ͬȪʱȥĴȪõѡ񣬶һܱ֡
Űͽӣĳ棬ǿ󡣡



872 
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˵ģȫܹĳ
ǡ綼ĬⴳĴ磬ʲôս૵
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ǰȷʵһʲôսսУٻ˽Ĵ磬ᱻȺ֮Ȼ˴˼ΪеĴ粻ڡ
Ѿǹȥʽˡ
ϣڱ˵ĬϣΪǲ뷨ίʵ֮ͽӺܿ춼ǽʵ
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˵ǰĬ棬ۺҹڤǿģǵϳ̶Ѩ˰ﵱĿꡭĿ΢
սڣǿ߻ع飬ҹڤɲ֮ǰݺᡣ
Ȫģֻеһ֣ŴǿҹڤڣȪ㹻ǹϷ֣ᡣ
ȥ磬ĸ
һҲĿΡ
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Ҫﶼһ
Ȼ˵ˣ۲˴磬Ͼ˴ᵮȪ٣ȫﷴûʲô棬ҲΪĿֻ꣬˴ǿУ޿ġ
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ô죿ҹڤǰ۴ǣûжעϣھ۴綼пܹΪµս뵽ֳ߶ɫס
Σû㹻ʵֻܿűԼĵҫ
˶ǿĿ¶󣬹ƾ˴ûпأҲָֻλ۷ǿˡ
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ҹڤעŹǶ죬ǽʣļߣ¶˲ҷҪģǾۼһһ֮ȻԷʵ̫ǿĻҲѡȴ
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ڵʵɵһ۷ǿߣʱյĺãǲܵ¡
һȻ磬Ҳܸ˴Ȫ塣

ⲻǺܺõʱ
ԵĻսϴɱķչԼʵˡ
ʵϣô
Ŀ֮꣬λܹɹǶԲ˴ıͻ
磬ۺҹڤǿľȣƣƵûʲô
۷ǿһϣ˴粻κ֮ۺҹڤΪٵ۷ǿߣǿ߸ɲ⡣
ҪչǿʵҪ֮λȷҪ㹻ʵֻᱻԣҹڤ磬Բһʸ֮λִŲ˴ʱǾͻȫԸԷʱľԲսܱġ
۴֣ǴĶ÷ƶ˫ܾ˵⣬ŷǵ档
ľǷ뿴ģûкô
ڣҪĻǻʵʱ̡˼·ͼһʱ֮죬ûκ塣
Ҳ˿ɱȵơ
˺Ҫÿ˶Ҫ
߽˵ߵľ磬Ҳܽˣͷŷӡ
ֻĵޣ֮ڵķӡмޣܿ͵˾ͷٶҲ޷ǵʵǿ˿ޱľҪ߲磬ʵֹ
ǣһ
һ׵ıأ˵ǿиھиľϲʵʱ̶ǿǱ·ǿͷ
Ƿƺ̡
ҪģǰԼƣӵޡ
Ҫģʱˡ
ȻҲȵһ̲űҲ֮λΪ˵ҲҪʱ䡣
ѡʵʱ
ҵ˺ȫɱˣʱӦùˡ૵
ε磬Ȫ󱬷Է˵ҲһõĻٶȣԼƷӳʵ


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875 ϣ

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Ȼһ̣߸оԼͻȻͣˣ壬Ĺ˼룬ԼһУȫ˾ֹ״̬
ֹľֹ״̬ʱ伫̣ӶεսУٶ̵ͣ٣ɻԵĺԷһٶȣܴʧĿյ©
ĵر𡭡һ̣߿˷ܻתŵʱ֣֮Ժ︡һͷ
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ֱһ̣߲֪ﻹĵرҲ֪Ȼͬʱĵر
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ĵر˴˼ЩͻǺǵȴޱȵǿǷǿĹֶΡ
Ψһвǣ̫ˡ
ͬʱĵرĶǼƴԷڵʵӦĹ
ǣͬʱǵĺѶȸ˺εһΣϾĵرľڣһʹã֮ޣ޷
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󣬴ֻһˣ˷˺
ȻǼС֣ҲǼΪӴ󣬷˺˵ıԵʱЩ˺ǸոȡȪҲȻ鿪˷ӵ鼰˺ÿһ䣬˺ĵȼţûþһͻƣȫתˡ
˺ͻƵ۷ǿһˡ
¶ϲɫ˵ˣԼʡһЩʱ䣬˴ȪͿˣӴ˿ǶûʲôЧˣЩ˺Ȫýתˡ

˷˹϶żȿ֮ɫ
ոսӵϢۺҹڤ۷ǿߣ롣˴ǿУǰͷϤһµϢ
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۷ǿ֮սǺεȺˣЩȻûҲܸܵĵߵǰ϶Ϣ˳ȥ
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Ȼ׷ɱǲ˴ߣҲ˶֣ǷˣҪǸṩϢͶԷλãǼҲ㹻˷ܵˡ
׷ɱ۷ǿ·ţǺйķζ
Ȼһ׷ȴûյЧ
ۺҹڤ۷ǿһû׷ϣȫӻ˸ԵĴ硣
ⲻ˵ǵٶȱȷ죬ǵϵԵʣ֪ʵֲû˻ȥѰ·ƲֱñֶӻأǸ˵ĴҲϧ
ǷҲûа취ֹߡ
ЩûбֶεߣԼµǿߣڰ˵׷ɱ£˲١
˴ĴңۺҹڤǱӻΪ֡
ȫ˷ܲѣǼʮ˴״δʤ
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ǿĵޣ·Īˣ۴λľޣҲû˵ɱλ۷ǿߵս˷ܵ
ĸоˣ˴һ󣬴ֺô;ϲ
ǻ֮λĿܡһ
˶Ŀɿڴ뷨ǲѣȴ˫ĿŹ⣬֮ǰ붼ģʱȴǲɶֹĲ
˴Щˣʵ̫ü̫Լˡ
΢΢һЦûнӰĻҲûȥʲôǵ̬ҲǷϣģһ֧֡
ǿ𣿡ῴͶ֡
۴λޣϾǶľϵƣԶǷܱȵģȻҲ˿ɱȵڣ֮ǿҲֻд֪
ڶԷûսһ㵹Ǻܺ⣬ϾԷ⣬ᱻ˽Ļ͵ϣԷΪȲ˴սȥҪͬսѶȾͻࡣ
չнֵĻᡣ
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ˣǲ˴ǱߡûѪеĲɽֱ˵
˴硣һۣѪɫʱ
ɽҹڤ磬ûǰ˴ǱĴ磬ҹڤǿߵİţҲ޷Υ
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Ȼʱˣǵȵ۷ǿߵϢ϶ĵ飬Ҳ˽콭һս飬֪ʲô۴Ϊ֣ɱаˣѪȴƫƫΪɵ۴˲ǰȥ˵һĪĳ衣
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ȥˣˡɽЦ
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Ǹߣһλ۷ǿߡ
λ۷ǿ棬ҹڤռλʧν
ʲôѪ
һŵĴȣȻ䱬鿪ޱߵѪҲӿһľκˣԤʾѪʱļƽ
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˶Ϊ֮𾪣Ƿ;ǼԶǿûֱӵĽȻңɼ
Ϊ֮ģѪͷг⣬Ҳֻվ۷Ǽˡ
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УҲߡ
۷𣬶Ӱ죬λ׼һĿģ¼ҪϾ׼һʵģҲȼˣǶһٵһҪԾżӰ졣
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ߣҪ̫ΪǣЩһֱռǿ޵ı档Ůӵ
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£Ȼѧȥ
ȻڷԶˣҹڤǰءЦЦҹڤλ¸ӽŰɡ
Ƚ϶ԣҹڤò˴ǿӣҹڤȴܡ
ҪҲֻ̫࣬ҪڱƶҹڤͲ綷ˣҹڤһǷ;Բסʵ
ʱǾܿĵϸء
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ǿãųռǶȻҹڤҲ֪ǵͼǲòˣΪڻлᣬҪȵǸ˵ʮˣɾˡЦ
ǲӵġգƶ
Ҳֻǣ֪ҹڤɳȥ
ǻ˼ɣϳȫʧأŮ׷ʵ
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ۺҹڤ˸ϳȥ綼˿֮УǰδеĴʤñ˶Ĳ˴ü
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ⳡʤһ˴Ӳ˴˺ɣʱ˺ĺڶޱȵ䣬ǣȻ޷̤һ
ָоһ̤ȥǾԻǱʵı仯ͷԾ˲Żѿȥ۷ǿ߶һǰá
ѵ˵Ҫȥһѡ׼ȡǵ˲УΡ
Ҫһɾס
Щ׼ʵǿޱȣδػСҪǣǲǹһˣҪǣսһ磬ƾһ˵ĻҪȻǼѡ
ߣٳһЩʱ䣿Ժһͷ
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ңҲûôʱ˷ѣ׼һ֮λϣԽԽ١
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һ㣬Ҳ޿κΣܿסϢй¥ɽȴ磬ۿ֮λɴƹˤϢͱȥǿߣˮĻ˭Ҳκβˡ
ң֮ˣҲпй¶ȥϾ棬вˡ
˭ҲƲˣǾŸ׼Ҳһ
ģҲԼʵӦԿֵܳĸ
УպϢ֮ǰüĿǻԪ磬鵽һ׼ӴԷȷݡ˶٣˵˵ڶϢ
ʲôһͲϣû뵽պȴǴϢ
Ȼⲻպҵ˾ҺˣûȷԷݡ
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˵ӣ֮ٲôԣ˴Ҳ͸ҹڤ磬ֻ϶Ӵ̫ߵĲΡ
ҪСһЩҵѰ׼ȷλãһȷԺ󣬾ͻᷢһ
ҹڤֶΣ޷а취ԶǷ϶ʮΣա
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ڿǲ˴ϣԲʧ
۴һԻҹڤҪֵĻȻһٷְͷ
ģҪɱҷǳ롣Ц
Сˡ
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ҹڤҪɱҲף˵ϣã
һٶȣǰſģҹڤڿͬʱͲʮնδֻ߷̤ǵ壬򣬸첻в
ԷٶȣһֱӿԻȥ
ͻƣﵽ۷ǿһΣΪ׼УϵͻƣӵУڵʵǵˣȴͻơ

һжɵĽС
˷ţԽԽĵ̱֣˴һĵ򣬱ȡ
˶оֽȸУһ
籣ƽһ첨󣬺ָֻܿƽ˶æȡȪתˡ
ĴҲͰˣҹڤĳĬȴ˿
Ҳˣоƽ֮µİһжڵȴʱ
һա
ٴһʼδϢ
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˹ˣһŮΪ׵һЩӣףһһŮʮң档
ʵѹ̬ڵôߡڵգó˵ˣȻû˴߷
ֻҲ԰ʱ
Ϊ׵ӣ۷ǿһһһŮǷߣʵڲ˴ȷʵԺˡ
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ʲô俴˶һۣĿеʵʣú߻һϵŭһ˵ĸɸɾתò԰
֣ұ졣лԪɫĺȳһ䣬ȻҲǼΪŭûнַŭֳֹ鲻ԽЩĶ֡
ûмȰ˵ȥ
̬ȱ¶ţ˵ϣҲûʲôתء
һڳлԪԼǿǺεҲ۷߸ϣʲôʱ˺ԣĪ衣
㲻Ҫڡ䶢˷һᣬ·Ҫ˼ԺлԪһ仰ߡ
˵ˣÿ죬ȥĸ죬޶ȥ
˴ӷŭ侲Щʮ߸ɵ˰ǵΪǰѶԷˡ
ǵҪǲǺܹ֣£ѯʵ
ʮķˮأǿ̫󣬿ǷôɴľܾһضûУɼ쳣
ǣʱͬաҲûеϵ˵˳
꣬˴λ߶ǲȻŭ
ǳû١һŭ
΢΢ͷ
лԪҪȶصģûȤͿ͸˶Է̰ʣǾڳû٣һãҲòȥֱ˵ıԼ̬ȣġ
ǿʮ߸˰ǣ᲻᲻ɵ
һЦ
ǱȻģҲȥԷģǱƷ˱̬ŵ˭ò˴һء
ԷȻǺųʮ߸ˣƱҪ̫⡣
Ȳ˵Էʮ߸ȫģȻֻеһ֣ң˵磬ҲͨĴ硣
˵Ӱ£ĿǰǰδеĻƽʢǿƣʮ߸κһԶԶ޷ģԷкɨ̬ҪǿӲ౶
ˮڣʵˣֺξһˡƽ
֮λӦԱΣգףĶֻʵ

ˣǸ飬ʵ̫ˣô˵뿪˳Ǻ󣬶ŭ
ߡлԪŭһΣѵҶ֣
ֶʱΪ֮һ͡
ɵʱĳǿһۣоĪѹƺ
ʵ̫ˣһߣķǰͲ
лԪβŭ
ٷŭҲš
һ۷ǿߣȷʵǿߣȴ
ɱλ۷ǿߣһЩˮ֣ҲǾƵģǶԷϳҪ̲סŭֻ֣˿ʵҵڸɵǣǸ⡣
ˣ˴ûأǽô죿ĺޱü
ҹڤλʹߣڵǻظлԪĳ£ʵ
ԡĺޱ˵ͷίǸɵ
˵Ĵڣ˴֪һ㣬ۺҹڤǿĴ˵֪˶ԷĴڡ
֮ǰҹڤϵˣһҪǸɵֻлԪ־
ԭܼ򵥣ҹڤ̫ǿˣϣᵽ֮λĴ֮һΨһܺģֻ۴磬Ƕ˵󲢲ߣóĶ
֮˴Ͳһˡ
һ磬ŷǿҲһ֮λʸ
лԪ׼ȷյ˲˴̬ҲţΨкͲ˴˵棬ܻȡĺô
ǣԷ˽̫ˡ
û뵽ôõһ飬ȻᱻԥľܾԼʹûκã˴ܱסԼܶý֮λҪոˣﻹʸģǵġ
ָȥһˮΣɥȨΣܱʲôòҪ
лԪԲ˴ʼĴģշϽ֮λҲеĿܣҲͲΪԼҪǶôĹֺ̰
ˣҹڤɲţûг⣿ڲ˴ܴ죬öЩʧȥġ
ҹڤͲ֮ĳޣǶԷ𣬾̵ģ۴һԻ񣬶óռ䣬ҲǰҹڤͲȶһ̬ȣҹڤ粻лԪĳ磬Ѿһʱˣ˶ľҲָơ
ǣηȥ϶Уǰҹڤǲںڷֳģȴ֮λĿܡȻʹ޷лԪҲò̾Ŀ¡
ĳɳ켣˾塣
ڲ˴ĵһγ֣һʵ̶һʱʹﵽ۷壬ĳɳٶܱȡ
һֱԼʵǳɳٶȾˣһ޷ӡ
ҹڤҪ֣϶ʮİգĻ᲻ңٶǹϵһսʱҹڤŴûܳɹڷڲ˴磬͸ˣǲϣ۴֮˳ԼѰʱ⣬һ취ñ˳֡лԪķ
ԣǡ૵лԪĵһƶʱ
Ҳ˵гġлԪĵ
ޱϵҹڤʹߣ˵ǽˡתͷĺޱ˵һ䣬лԪϸ⡣
ˣȻڲ˴ܴ죬ǻѡԪ¥ɽδؾһҪͷӲӲԥ£ĺޱίѵ
һ㣬ҵȻ֪лԪĵ
ĺޱͶֶЩ⡣
룬ΪʲôôɴľܾǣǶûǣΪԸֻһԭ򣬸ҪԭûչֳԼʵлԪ˵
ʮ߸ɣǿҽ棬иǿߵһ㣬Լ֪粻֪ʵǿǿǿԼ˵ģñԼʶ˵
ڲ˴˸ûʲôҪȡѵںԪ¥ɽӴǰȣҪչԼʵҪ֤иı֣ǵϽ֮λʱǿ߻ǣҲǿǸáлԪЦ
Ҷˣ׼÷չǵĴںʵֻȻ
ĺޱҲǵ˵ͷ
ʲôɵһʸ֮λǿߣĸ˵أĿУлԪЦ
ƾһҲȾָλ
˵һڵģһ˳ܵ裬лԪ˵ĺⷭӿ֮裬ұضٱ
лԪĵļƻö֪
˵˺󣬷ӵһϢ漴˲˴籱



883 Ϣ
ճǡ
սСԭλսճҲǨ˲˴硣
ʱĳڣճǵ˿Ļһһ
λȫϹϾվף׵λãֻһ꣬꣬ճǵλ·ڶԴĿһ㡣
꣬ȻǷˣǲ˴ķߣδػλ˹ǷȹǵҲΪ˼ͷԺգ˾
˵ɣǸ˵˵
ӵճϢ󣬷˸ԭֻһճǴ̽ˣսϱ°ߵĲ˴ҴУһ˵ϣ
Һˡ
ƾһϣ޷ٷְȷվǸᣬ̸˹
ǡճǵĴһ񣬽Լ֪Ϣ˵˳
պǱԪ磬һ̽ԪҵԪҪĳǳأλͲ˳൱
ԷûзϢպǻһֽţ˾Ϣ
ԪǵҴߣʮˣ󲿷˶ûʲôֻ֮һΪ⣬˾һ˾СŮ
Բ𣬴ˣպûҶ־ˣΪۡˣһλߡͻȻε
ҡҡͷ
һߣΪʲôҪҴߣǸСŮʲô֮ü
ǣ֮塣
֮壿
͵һʣҲһ֪һּʺʣӵʵˣ޲֮;ͻͽǿ̶Ⱥ͵޵൱ǳǿ塣
Ҫͨ½ĻۣͻƵͨ󣬲壬Ҳǿ֮֮壬ȴУǿ塣
ϧˡЩϧСŮʮֿ꣬ʣ;ز۵ĻĲ˴磬Ȼһλ۷ǿǿ
ô˵Ԫǿʣ׼˿һĻܶԷǲҺˣûΣա
һ֮ˣܺ⡣
Ҫ˵ʲôԷǲ˴ˣΪⲻܡ
СŮŰ˾꣬ôĻᶮô࣬ԼߣԪ˰ӳϦսȳǾϤʮ֪꣬Լǲ˴ˣǰԪ統Լļҡ
ǵġЦ
պҲôΪǴһλߵ֪飬ӵ֮壬ǸСŮǸǻ
ҲȻ˺ȫǴ˸־η
˵
֪ĺ⣬ǳǶҲǺܿ˵Ҫλߣģһּаŵܹ֮Ӷ˵ʣӶԼ츳ʡ
ַżаʩʱ򣬱Ӷ޲޿־֮Уǵ³ޱңȫʬһжʩߡ
ǸͲʮ꣬һʼҲ㲻϶ãаŷ츳ͻͽ̶̼֮ڣͳΪߡ
к
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ԷıԲ򵥣𹫷ߵаŷɹ˵ģӵʵˣһ㶼ʵǿʲôʱȥӶᡣ
ĸ׾ԪǿߣΡ
Ԫ׼ѹ֡Ц
֪Էı󣬷ǵûʲôɫеɱⷴǸʢʵʡ
ףΡ
ճǵλиզ಻ѡ
ǿ׼ǿ֮һ˭˵ев٣ΪΡڣƲ
Щ˱ߣѾȥ˼£ΪʲôţƬ̺󣬷һ⡣
⡭ǵ֪ӦаŷҲżޣƵǿ֮Ǽǿ츳ʣҪӶᣬӦҪһ׼ʱɡЩȷ˵аŷҲֻֻ߲֪ܿ²⡣
պշת̽Ϣ׼׵Ӧò˶ãͻʩ
ˡ䣬Ŀ⺬ɷ
һȥһԪ磬նɱΡӡ
˵ֱ꣬վһԽɫţ͵һ񣬻Ϊһƿնȥ



884 ֱԪ
⣬⡭
ƿնȥճǵλʱɵˡ
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û뵽ֱ˵߾ߣ֪ôĿ£ûаȴ
ֻ֮࣬ҲǾ岻ѡ
ǶǵȻҲͲ˴룬սƴɱսճˡ
Ƚ϶ԣҲΪ֮λʵֲ˴ҪľһǰϧΪеǡ
ϵ壬Ԫ׼ӭӴˣȻ֪ͨǡ£

Ԫ硣
룬ûй¶ֺȫٶϡ
ʱٶȿ쵽˷˼ĵزһȾʵˣֲֶˡ
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һ·ϣҲǽѡ·ߡ
ɱһ磬ⲻζž³ç
Ԫ¥ɽ磬񻹴ڼҵ֮УǱˣˣۺҹڤǿĴ硣
ͬڲ˴硣
Ȼһзڣҽ˴˲࣬ҪΪҹڤǿߣ󲿷ֶæԼתˣʱ鲻÷û취
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ӲҪ룬ͱѡǿݣ÷׿սһҷֿⱻƣĺǣµЧʣ̫ͣʹò˶Բ˴ʧȥȤ
Ԫ磬ȻҪȲǿĶ࣬Ҳ׼򣬿ûһз˾ٶȣӶӲ磬淴
磬ҹڤۺͲ磬룬ʱȴǲʵ
ȴǻޱȣľ£Ԫ磬ȻôΣա
ȪѾԷãһ·ϣܿ˸ս˲£Ԫĸء
Ԫǡ
һΰ۳ǣҪȲ˳Ǹ߳Ļڳǳ⣬׷ףӹĻӿɢſֲϢ
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ԪľƣȻҲǻޱȣԪĺģδⱻɱػȻȫǿػ
վڿĵ·֮ϣǶһˣͷϸһسñպԱߡ
ڷλãԪڡ
պԪǣҾӪһҲ̽ЩҴߵϢ
ϵԪǺպںߵİ£ǱԪǡ
Է˵ֻҪһյ˲ԪǣҲ˷֣պЩӵŬҲûа׷ѣͽӵ˴˵Ϣ׼ͷϺ󣬸һңӷǡ
̧ͷһۡ
⻪תţ鲻֪жٲ㣬ǳضڣȥֲޱȡ
ػһ֣ڳǳڵˣоӴѹԼϣ˷Ӳʵ
ûһϣԪǵķҪϺüպյҲǳ˵Ρ
ʵЩ䡣
պǰ·
ûмŶ֣ҪȷģǸСŮݣҺˣԲɱ䣬ֵ췭ظǣǵĻ
ǷͻϾû˽Ϊİƴ
ԪĸأǶԷϳǿﶯֵĻҲҪðСķա
߲ʾڷС
Ρ֮ӣԪĵλҲһָĸۡȻԪǵҪһ˸޷ӽ
ҲҪԷĸۡһΧڣ߲ʾԶӦѪ
ۡ⡣
Ŀ⣬߲ʾ壬պӲͷƤںۿţƽ˾ߣǰĻȻۡǿע⡣
ԷϵӴˣעҲˣһע⵽Ǿ޷ưոݡ
պ亹֮ʱͻȻһͻأ
պһ㵣æ̧ͷ
̿е߲ʾ壬Ȼţ߲ʹâһʧĸɸɾһѪӾڸֳ˸·ںʲôš



885 
Һˡ
߲ʾı仯ȷҵҺ˵鸴ӡ
Ϊеĺ˶Ͼûһ˻û뵽ջһѪ
ǰĺˣһᰲȻİȳ
еĳŵ
ߡ
Ŀ߲ʾƿǰĸۡӿź˵ɱ⣬ǰȥ
ǴҪҵˡպ𾪣ҧҧ˷
Ǵ˾ȵģˣʲôϧġ
һǰһ󣬴ǰһ˸ҿĵطʱޱۡ
󵨣߸ǰһŭȣһӻſӿΪ׵ĻĿ磬˷պ
Щػ߸ʵҲǷͬСɣλȻһλǿߣҲһλܣȴǿŵġ
ǿպ΢ݣܸоպʵȻҲ˿壬ΪԪڣܵػѹƣʵۿۣػϢˣŻȨŻ᲻ܵػӰ졣
ԪǵػȻȫǣ˶ܵӰ죬ʵѹƣһЩڰȫˣԼˣڴС
պϣûиоͬϢ
һһģպ
ڻĸǣ׼֮ʱ˷
ˡ
ӷϣûиоǿȻڷϵˣȴһ¶ŵɫ
ԶԶˣӵ˵ˣ޲ǵǿߡ
дݣԺ̷ӿҪѷӡеԪ綥ϵ
Ϊߴ󺧣ƺһ㱼䣬͵Աߡ
ֲϢӷ¶ĵɥ
ŲͣûֱͣӴڶ໤м䴩˹ȥպ뿪֮Щ·ǱʯܵĻȻ䱬鿪ΪһƬѪ
һǿߣڷǰֵʸûУνػ󡭡
Ҫ
ûͣʵһƾܰν߸ĵķ飬֮ǰҪҵǸСŮ֤İȫ
֡
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ſڵ䣬ԼֱӴ븮ۡķˣ߸ע⣬ǿϢ̴Ӹۡٶȸ

üͷû֣ǰͼֹȥ·ˣȫһȭ飬Ҳպ
ûһǷĶ֣
⻹ǷĽеǰ˶ҪĲǸСŮסԼһȭһ֣û˷˿
߸˶ǴΪ֡
չֳʵǵһ·ɨһ֮С
ŵӴˣҲ˾岻
ֻûϳһˣϳģҪģǸûҵ죬ΣĴԪĺ֮ء
ǿ޵У˾壬ȻҲŭѡ
ôĵӣ֪ʲôطնɡŭͼ̧ۡ˺͸ǿΡǺйˣҪס
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˶Ǿ֡
óǱ伣ڰգͿռΪһ壬ΪܰȫȻһƣͽΧնķ飬˿ȫС
ãҪȥĵطǸ֮СŮ˿˷Ŀġ
ֱӲȡ̵ֱߣѭ߲ʾָʹķλ
˶ɫ䡣
ǶǸСŮҪʧģ·ɱǣҲл·
ԭΪĿֲʵͷˣֻٴվ˳
ǣ˭ǰ棬һ·һħ٣ӲۡɱһѪ·
ۡȻռؼ㣬ǷٶҲܿ͵Ŀĵء
߲ʾķԽԽָʹҵСŮǰ棬
󵨿ͽ
ǿϢԱߵķɽŷ˹һ뷢԰׵̤˷ǰ
ɽ̫ˡ֣߳߸˴ϲ
ȻߣĸȴԪǿߣܵԴԶһ߿ɱȵģλɽȻǷߣҲֻһ֮ңңػϢ·Ƿߣػѹ£ҲԲǰɽߵĶ֡
һЩҲȻﶼػ˵أɼǸСŮӡ
ܴҲһ㱾£Ϊֹˡ
ѡ񣬵һ˶ϣڶϷ֣㳬ѡɽ߾Ӹ£·һ㿴ŷ
ĿĮɽߵȤûС
ֻԼƣȭһȭͽΪ޵еĴı
֮ǰڷǰһûκ
޸֮ͨˣνߣڷǰȫһ¡
ֽгŮӴı飬Ʋǰ˴ʱǰģûһˡ



886 ɱ
ɽ߶һ֮С
߸ڵȫǴʧɫ
۷ǿߣ۷ǿߡ˲˵˳زʵ޴ˡ
ֻţ߰ѸӣΧ˶ɫȥû˵ҿ
ûЩе𾪣һԼǰ˺ǰƿ˽ȥ
ڣһš
Ľһݹᾣ嵥ķ·һ綼ܴСŮ˫ֱϥǣɪɪš
߲ʾ巢渡Ѫ⣬ӵСŮϣ͸˽ȥ
յȷֶΡ
ûκαĿܣСŮеĺˡ
Ҫ£ġպǰ˼οѾȫˣǻؼҡ
ƺǸоպûж⣬СŮӵ̧ͷ
ҡѾûˡ૵˫
ԡüͷСŮ۾޵Ŀ־壬ݿ־岢Ϊڱġ
СŮ𣬻ûκε˿ڣҲûŰĺۼֻǾȴԵЩ
ˣҶˡ塭ˮ̡үүСƶˡһһûˡʲôûˡСŮ·߽϶˵
˵ģЩҴߡպɫ΢䣺ˣаŷҪʩ뼫Ŀ־֮Уϲκ˺ʩʧܡ
պûм˵ȥѾĻԼСŮ϶У˳
һжˮʯ
ǿƬϣСŮԼ˽һ棬һ죬ӻսЩˣҪ֮СŮȻǴԪǡ
òпֶΣ̼СŮСŮǰһɱЩĭˣ˼죬Ѿ֣СŮ֮ˡ
вȻĳ붼ۡ
ˣ˯һɣجξͻȥİСŮĿŷоӿ۾˳ߡ
ǰռ䣬˽ȥ

Ҳôߵģ븶ۡ
ǿɱӿԷûڸۡڣʱӹһ٣˷ıҲֻǳ⡣
գҴɱ䡣
ϷӿСŮ󣬷ûκι˼ɡ
~

ۡˣ˲䱻˷ɻңԭֻһ׵Ԩ
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һ̣ԪǶˡ
˶ɫ䣬ȥֻ
۷ǿߣ۷ǿߴԪǡ
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Ի˹ȡγ˿ֲĹƻֺĴҪĽѹȥ
ԪǵػȻǷͬСɣ۷ǿߣҲֵ˺á
û˻һ㡣
ȻΪֲӽг˳ִ̫֮ӣȶţܸ⣬ӭնϡ
~
ֲݺײһһ̣֪˱Ѫء
Ŀ䣬Ӷ̫֮ӣ˴ĻֺϣŵĿУֱֺӱķ顣
Ԫǵػֱӱ˿ŴˣȫѪˣ֮һˣֱӱ鿪ȫʬ
־Ŀ⣬˿еķ·Д١
ֲ̫ˡ
ûţԪΪػ󣬾Ȼһ´ķ飬ǵ
˴ǿߣɱλ۷ǿߵķϳ˷
˵Ŀֻӡ
ͷڼλ׼֮£һ֮ҹڤˣˡ
Ԫ˶Ŀ¶־壬ζ벻һôᵽԪɱ䡣
֮УĿɨȫǣûһ˸ֱ۾ֱӵպϢǳػȡԸʱӳԪǺ󣬷һĶ
̫֮ӣʱֵ֮ڷתţڻɳԽһе
˿Ŀ⣬Ԫǵ롣
һ̣Ӷ̫֮ӣ˹ֲᴩնȥ
~
˵֮У½



887 Ԫ
һ׼𣬻ǽӽɱ䣬ȫԼɺεȾ˵ƻһ̣ԪǵǼʶˡ
ԪǲС
ԪĸأҪĳǳأȻһǳأʵϣԱ̶ȴ˿ѷɫһӴȣǾˡ
Ȼʱȵĳǳ룬سȥ·ǵصͻȻһֻӴĲ˼ľޣһڽȥ
һ˲䣬һϵԪǾʹʧԭֻʣһ׵ӴԨɫǵص׵ҽӿʣµһԪǣҲ֧飬ܵһĲ·Ưڲ֮ϵƬҡҡ׹Ļ뺣ס
ò˶ã۳Ǿͻصף
˿ⲻ˼һĻǻš
ԪǲһĵطʸģԪǿߣͬϲһУȴǸеԼޱС
׼綼ֻȼƽʱмʶĻᣬˣûܸ˵
ӡ
˶ˡ
鷢չ̫Ѹ٣û˲£ͻȻԪ֣ţͷ˾춯صĹһٵػսȻһԪǣǸŪף׷ʲô
ܸоŭɱ⣬ɱӺζȴ֪
⾪Ҳǳ׻Ԫ˵ġ
׼ԶܶԸģҲûκã̫ˣʵٶҲǱһɱκ
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ΡǳʧǴۣңΡϵȫʧһжҪͷ
Ҫʱ䣬Ҫ㿪ʼʱҲͰˣںϵʱ̣ȴҲûʱ䣬ΡĴгˣҲţԪ棬һ֡
˵Ρ󣬿϶ӷΪУϧһеıʵڣʱ򣬷ʵֻгĽһ°ܽҲΪˡ
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ڸ֮ǰΡ籣Ҳ᳹ɱˡ
ҪɱΡֻ֮ܵʱеڶθĻᡣ

ڷͻƣ֮ھſǳֵʱ
ҹڤۡ¥ɽĸ׼һ𣬸о˷Ĵڡ
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Ρǵھˡ
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˵µ׼ɱΡ˳ͻƣΪ׼
Ԫ緢ʲô
˶ȲҪֻ֪֪ھ˺Ρĳйأڵ˭ȴ޴жϡ
ǵ£ԽԽǿӿԪ磬̽ıʡ

˴磬Уһصĸۡ
Ĭں԰ͻȻ䣬е̧ͷ
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̶һ࣬ʹһߣΪĽѡ֮һʵĳɳ˾̾
Һܺ棬ܷж֣Ͻ֮λֻɳһ
Ҫ̫˰ǿУҪˡ
Ĭ¶ص΢Цڴ



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ǣǲΣޱʵʵ
ܸо˸˵ĴڣֱңԶĸ֮УҲܸӦ
ڽ֮ʱ䣬ӡй˺ܳʵҲûйȥá
ˡ
ı仯֣˺ʧˣ֮Ǵŷǳϣһڷϣ˰纣Զ֮ǰ˺
ͨ쳹صֻм׼ܸӦˣӦ˱仯֮ǰӦΡ˱仯Եʡ
ţʲô
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ѵ˵Ҫȵһ˱仯ӰŻ֣΢
˵ı仯Ȼûͷ
ڵѾ׼ˣٽһĽ
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ףǵûаΣҪɱң㸴ҵҪɽĲ״ʲô顣
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Ȼ鲻ܰҹڤҲҪǳָɵ˵ȻҪҹڤ̵㹻ĺôܻܱ𣬿νһá
лԪĶģѪɫŵ׵ӣҹڤ۷ǿߣѪ
ڱ£Ѿ̸˼죬ʼ޷һ¡



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лԪģ㵽Ҫſ˳ָɵ̸δѪҲǽĿĿлԪġ
лԪԼ˵̰޶ȣ⼸ѪҲеᣬǵθھ޵׶ԶǺҪñƤͷ̽ȥ׼
ѪѾûģȲҪ̸һκ
۶Է˽ͼɵѪҹڤһĳɳޱȵļɵƺһע⣬ͻµĽᱬǿͷɲ˿־塣
Ѫ;ڣʱûпȥɵɳĿռ䣬ճΪĸ󻼣ֽѵμס
ҪԸҪ죬Բϡ
ˣ˾ǳѪҲҪԼȨ޷Χڣ˵˳֡
ǺǣѪҲ֪Ƿʵǿ׼ǺöԸģߵûȫʵҲޣóȻֵĻȻܸɵǰıҲءлԪ΢Ц鲻ꡣ
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лԪ˵Щ٣ѪҲ޷⼸̸£ȻлԪܻõĺôԲ٣û˵ô
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ԷлԪҲǺ֮ǣͲɵȻѪԸãȻǽԴϲ
Ҫ˵˵ҪͻȻѪĴѶʯ
˲ȡ˴ϢѪɫ䡣
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Ҫۣ׼ã˵Ҳ켫лԪģҪ۲ᴥҹڤĵߣ˵õ档
ǣû˵꣬Ÿոձ˵һͱѪϡ
ˣ⽻ûҪٽȥѪ

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ϵĽʵжı仯Ҳȥ˵ˣؼĻǣѪһЩ֪׼ܵˣ֪Ϊ׼󣬷һθĻᣬ͵ҷܸӦ׼ģλãɱǧѡ
죬Ǽ찡
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ȵȣѪ˻Ը֣һήͳֵҪֻҪ֪Ϊ׼顣лԪ˵
лԪķŲ¶Էĺ⣬ѡչ˵ȻĿ꣬Ϊ˴˷ǿĶȻֻзһˡ
ѪֵĿлԪһۣȻЩ⣬Է̬ȣǷѪҹڤģҲ˶лԪĵĲԪԭԭ˵һ顣
Ҳ˵ڻԪԪĶǿ߶Χסҹڤ۵һЩǿҲڸлԪĵ۾ĺûᰡôǿߣٶٿ죬ҲӳȥֻҪԪ͸¶ΡԪ֣Щ˿϶ƴģϧһеҲҪ·
ԷٶȣԪҲδΧɱһʱ䣬Ը֣ΧɱǲУǵ׼֣ţ޵£ɡ
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Ρˡ
㣬ԪΪһߡ
ŵϢٶȣԪǿЩٶȸɽˣȷһϢȫǻӲ
ԪԮڸϵɽ
ǣչ黹ǳһûֹ
ʱ򣬼ҹڤ粻˵˻ҲʶʲôΡˣ˷
ɱΪ𱨳𡣡
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һ׼ǺεҪ
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ٵһ׼̫̫ˡ
Ҫһµ׼Ǻε֮ѣǰļѾ֪ˣʼ޷ͻƣֱɵΡ֮󣬲˳Ϊµ׼ӵ׼ʵ˶ˣԪ˾͸ָˣںǰµ׼
Ԫ磬֡
ܳΪԪ˾Ͳ
ǵϣȻãΡڣվϣڣϣȴһִơ
βԪˣ֮ǡ
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·ո֣ʮնδƲҹڤУԪ֪ҪԸ׼
Ԫ˶ۣǴΪΡţҪ
ȻΡûḴǲ֪Ҳû͵˼Ϊû壬ΡѾʧȥʸȻḴڽϣҲ˶١
㾡һȷʵǿֲ˼㡣
׼Ҳ޷죬һԿ
ͬʱ˵ҲԪ磬ٶȸ
ʱǰδеΣ֡



894 ɨ
ɶ񣬿ɶ񰡡
ңԶգպңңԪ˷ɱһĻбŭ˼㡣
Ԫ뿪ΪзİΣպûлز˴磬һ·棬Ȼǲҿ̫Ͼǵʵ΢óȻǵﲻ˷Ϊ⡣
̶ʱڣպ˵龭췭ظı仯
ͻƣΪ׼һ̣в˴˶УԶڲ˵˻һʱ̻Ūô£Ԫպˣβ
˴оˣӴ˿߱ʸ
պ˼ĲȻþԪ˾͸ϵ׼ΧɱΣ֣պ֪˵Ҳڸڿ϶Ӿ
ҹڤ
ʱպ޵ĲԪ磬ҹڤ
ںϣ˷ӿ綼ǿð˴Ҳ⣬ǣΪҹڤ磬ʱʱĿѲ˴統ɱɵһǿߺţ̫౾Ӧݺµزˡ
ҹڤ˴ֹˣڣ缶ϣֻĿš
ݺһȭգպߺޱȡ

ɱҡ
Ŀ䣬ɱԪˡ
ͷģȻʮһλ۷ǿߣԪǿˣϾһǵһܱȵģǷͻ֮һЩҲԶԺʮһλ۷ǿ߿⡣
ûһ׼ԡ
һˣǷ֣ʮһ֣ȴκһ׼˱ᡣ
Ȼ׼ҲǶһˣǶŴ£ۺҹڤµ۷ǿ߱Ԫֻ಻٣ȴǸ࣬޷Ӳ˴
ҪΪΡԪΪ׵ĺŭ˫Ŀֱ
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һٶȣ˶Ŀࡣ
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ֻҪϵƳΣٶȴ󽵣ʮһ֮Ȼɱ

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бųɱ⣬û˿飬ӶŹһޱҫ۵Ⱥбγ˿ֲĺһ£Ԫʮλߡ߾ͼ˴ûм
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ţһ֧λ۷ǿߵĶ飬Ҳ˻ˡ
ߵ˾Եᵽ˷Ŀ£۷ǿߵһ٣ԲĶֿ֣޷ͻΧϾĽʮնδкܶŵĻֹ˷
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ݵĽʮһȫ˵ˣٲҷֿơ
ЦûٳǷơ
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ŷͻΧԪʣպȴ˷ܵķݣȻ޷ɹʵ֪Ҫǿ١
ԪİΧȦ󣬷ܿ췢֣Զδ
һЩ۷ǿ߷
Ȼвȷʵס÷޷ݺᡣ
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ϳ˶ֵҹڤ磬ԪȪˣȴǳ֣Ȼ˴˼γĬҪ·
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ֻ۷ǿ߱Ͼ۷ǿߣҲ˲ɱǣֻ˶Ԫʮһ׷ͣսȻΧ
ˣȻݺ޵УɨһС
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½׼ʵίʵǿֲˣô۷ǿ߳Ȼ޷׵ס֮ȫûһǰȫˡ
ҹڤ۵ˣʱΧɱ۷ǿߣȻѾʮˡ
ˣʮҲûκε˷ٶ̫ˣûһ׷ϣЩ۷ǿ࣬ͬһʱڣҪԵ۷ǿߣȴԶֻȼ
ǲұţǷŷȥ
ֻǵŬҲǺЧҲŵãס˷һЩ
У·һŴڷΧγɡ
ҲǾ赽˶㣬ɱڡ
ڣ̤Ԫʬ壬ɱǧ󣬷µǿߣЩ˵ʵȴûжˡ
ˡ
ĿĿţڻȻ
ƾԪҹڤ۵ˣвҹڤҪƺ⣬޷Ըˣˡ
ֻҪ㹻棬˾ͻ֣ûԼ
ת׺ܶࡣ
ܼǰˣЩ˲Ҫסҵʱ˿϶޵ǰͻǵ塣
ٶȲ޵еģ˵ĵԶԪ֮ϣܲһǧ﷽ԲҲǲܡ
ˡ
˵Ԥϣͣˣź󷽼ȥתʧ


895 
һˣٶȾ˵£ЩԪԼҹڤ۵۷ǿ߶ס²͸⡣
ˣǲݾأǰŬҲᾡϡ
ǲǲʲôԪһ۷ǿ߳ɵ
ôɴһˣ֮ǰŬˮľٶ͸ŷ׾뵽Ƿʲô
ߣΣѾУھ̫ˡ
ҪҪ׷һ˵ȴż֮⡣
⻰һԪ۷ǿߣĿҲЩ
Ȼʹ޷Ͼǵϣһ·׷ɱҲʧأڶߺͷ߷׷䣬Щ۷ǿҲˣԪһشǧҲָ˵ҲûлָĻˣںڼδйĻƽʢҲĻ
ȥҹڤˣ϶ҲӲȥҲͲüһʱߵ
˶˵ͷһû׷ɱǼǰȥ
ؼ䣬һЩص·ޱ޼ʣڱգŲϿǸоĪѹ·һ֮С
ʮһ˲ϲ
ӰͻȻǰ
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һˣȴϲӹɣҲһλ۷ǿߡ
лԪģ˵ĸˡѪܵΧɱҪľлֺˡ
ˡߵ˳һĴڣȻûнӴҲš
Ѹٽһ±˴˺󣬺ʳĵ⡣
İɣǲѷɡлԪİȻü価ǰ˳չһûκƫҲʮ㡣
ԪҹڤԪ˵ˣɽΪģǧĳ󣬴ʱѳɣ׵ĳΪ
Ҵǵ˵ǰĴ磬һɣûκ©ԡлԪĵʮնδһɾ޷䶯ҪΧɱ̫ѣȴû⣬ƣڷѾǧ֮ڣֻҪǲƣѹĻռ䣬ٶûзӵأʱ򣬾ڡ
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лԪ⣬ƺ˷ƣĳ
óȻĴ磬ǹһˣǷ޴ĵطȻûλţҲ޷ǰɹ󡣡
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ڣ㿴˵ţѪ͵غһȭֲᴩգȻƿϣ֮޾ա
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ʣ繫ϣ쾳ھ׼ʵûһܺȡ
Ҳ֮СлԪİȻֻ֮ڵ޵½ڣ϶Ǻܶǰˣ֮ͨţǿ϶˵ҲҪһܶˣ֮ԻˣΪ̫
˵紫ڲͣƶ֮Уصʱ䶯紫ͽ첻ıԶǣ߾ȹ뷨ڸĴͨϽ˿紫ҪշתҲܣ޷˵ĶĿ
û֮һһȥͱٻ
ҿԿ϶󣬷Ļֻ·ߣһǱɱȻ籣ڶȻȥҲ޷лԪЦ
·һ֣лԪĺ˶ǳɹˡ
ǰߣǲΡĺ󳾣㣬ǲ˴֣Ҳʵ󽵣ڶ·˴֣ͬ뿪
˵޷ɱлԪЩźһҲˡ
Һǵޡ
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˶һۣһ¶֮еĿ⡣
룬ҹڤȥһĸ󻼣ҲչԼһĳ֣˴˶˫Ӯ

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¶˵ĺâһ̣˺лԪĵˣıɱ
ҲûԤϵǺţȥڣȴ֮С
ȥ˵˽֮󣬷Կ϶һǧĳ󣬱ʮնδѲ
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896 ̫ٻ
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ײһ̽˳֣ж
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ĵر棬ʱֵ֮ȻǶصģͲǵǵһЩء
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ǣҪĵرҷľ磬Ҳ˴¯ǽ쾳۷Ļ¯Ϻĵرȷʵ̫֮ܽΪĵر޾ֻ߲ܿ磬˶Դ¯ȴЧġ
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ĵرҲͱʱʹã֮һֱûóΪȡ̫֮ӵĵر
ʱ֮־ͱ˵ˣ޿̫֮ӵƻҲĵر֮ϡ
ģҲֻĵرˣʱȥ˵ĵرֻ߽߲ѰĵرʵֻܴԴ취
ҺãǣȻǸ뷨죬زҲֻȥһˡ
һӣĹ⻪ƵĹ⻪ʧֻʣһ⻪ŷĿȥƺǸӦ˵⣬Ĺȱڹ⻪ĵر壬Ҳ¶
ǣһŻ档
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Ŀ⣬ŻϣϢҲԺи֡
ĵر̫ٻܷ



897 ˵
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ĵرǴõģڻʱɱһֻס̫Ӵǳеıá
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͵õ̫ٻҲͽֻĵرǿǱ̫֮ӻҪһһֱҲûó
Ҳָڵ̫ٻܰԼãǸ뷨ϡ
һ°ɡĿ˾
һͨռŻһʧ

֪٣
лԪĺѪܿӵµϢ鶼Щ㵡
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ѵ˵޴뿪ˣѪŵ
ǡлԪҡҡͷҰ֣ûзַûдҡ
Ҫշתһʱ޷ȷϣһע⣬ܷôҲǵĶĿлԪŵͽܲȡжƲ˳¾ա
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׽ֻҪٵĿռͿˣʧȥ꣬ҪֻܴշתˡѪЦһ֮ȻĺܣҲ֪ôȥԸ
лԪĵ˵ͷ
ȥ˷龭ÿһգ׶ϾعϣлԪȻЦô㻨Ҳǰݣ˵ڣڣǲǺڵ˼㣿

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ҲһЩͨ硢絮˵Щ˵޷ȹѴӶ䣬һ̣˵ֲͻ磬޷롣
Ͼʱ磬͵Ǵ˵ķĹ
һǿĹأȻס磬ͬȼδǿн롣
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£̫ٻ޷ձĻɳģҪյģԴ˵Ļˣ߲һȼġ
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ˣڻһ֮ˮǱȴ˵ӿֲĴڡ
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ӣȼʯʱǰš
ʯΪأ÷õһ֮ˮͻƵ˽쾳ڣҲ֪ʲôͷ
Ҫʧ૵ȡ̫ٻ𣬿Ʈ棬̫ٻĵر濴ʲôȼ߿ȴһѹûУ·ûиӦ̫ٻϴһֲ
ܿ죬Żһ޾ʱдӿ̫ٻ𣬺߱ɫʱұ䶯գɫ档
һ˿˿ǵ̫ٻϻΧ¶ȶ½˼֣ģȻ̫ٻڽĸ졣
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θ죬̫ٻûػһ˯ҲĸӦı仯
󣬸켴ɡȷһ󣬷¶ϲɫ
ʱ䲻жİʱմ˵Ļ棬ĵȽס
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ϥ
羲ȴţ̫ٻɱ䡣
ͬʱԪ磬лԪĵȴüͷ󲻵ļ⡣



898 ֮Ѫ
޷飿
лԪĺѪüͷ壬µı档
ɵĽţٶȻһ㣬лԪҲ޷ı䡣
ǧﷶΧպʹأԪ˵۷ǿߴ飬֤ûκһռ꣬ϾعĿܡ
ǣһطȴ޷顣
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տԷ飬ɽĴأȴǼޱȣôȫҲ޷׻ٵȻܻٵĿռˡ
ȫٲɽЩԶ緽۷ǿˡ
ѡĵص㣬ɽ
Ȼǵˣ˻ٵռ꣬عĿܣֻǷҲӦԵĴʩ
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⻰һԪ۷ǿߣȫ¶ϣ֮ɫ
ȻûлԪûôҲ׼ᱣһֻ㣬Ԫ˵Ҳͺ˲࣬ûĿܡ
⻰һߵ˵ȥ
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лԪĺѪһۣеޱȼ֡
ڣǻԿ϶Ƕռ䣬ҽĵص㣬ɽ档
ΡӦڸҾɽ棬ʶܵķãɽԴݻ١
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ֻеһ𣬽ɫдֲ̫ˣԶԶޱȣ棬⻹һΣڴ˵Ķй©߸һ
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899 ͻع
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Ρɽķ󽵣ƻ֧飬ĿĵĴѷ쵽ǣѡռĵص㣬һ۵ĵصѷ졣


901 ޵֮
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ڷعһ̣λ׼ȫС
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ǰǺ޷ݣʮնδ󸲸ɽ滹аΡ׼ǿУ۷ǿߵڶ࣬ȴû¶־ɫ

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902 ѪȺ
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⵽ˣȻҹڤλ׼ҹڤ
㣬ĺڰΪʲôʧ˵㲻𣿰أڤȵ
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ԣλ׼һ
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˸Ԫ磬ҪŪ⵽ôһ£ûܿǹ⺣벽׼С
˵վ۷壬Ѫ⻰Ȼǲ١Ĭվڹ⺣֮⣬ѪһĻҲĶҡ
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⡭ҹڤǵǵȻͶǣʹߴ˷ġ˵ķæ
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ˣ˵ǷˣûҲı䲻ʲô߰ȻмĿˣۺ£˭Ҳӣ
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ҹڤȻشȻǿޱȣһ۴繥ҹڤ类ˣ֤ҹȻռڶ˵棬һ֮ǳ׵ʧȥϣ
۴Ȼ鷢Ҫƽһʣǵսһҹڤ
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ŭһѪֽУֻһ֣Ȼ˵ķâȴ
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仰ǱŭһƽѪֽķ顣
أƬ̺ǿѹסԼŭ
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ˣһҪΪұ𰡡һ߾˻˵ҡ
ߵĲ״һŭ˴Ŀ棬ȴĶ⡣
ǿѹԼŭųԼסߣΪˣԼķʽܷϾֱӳ˷ǿ˵ġ
ܱŭҲûʧȥǣ֪ǿ󣬲
óȻӦսԼǲ޴
֮Żջ¶һ˿Ц
ȥɡ˻֣˽̧ȥһλ۷ǿߣҲߡ
ʹôѶʯλ׼
Ƭ̺ӰζŮӸ˹
Ҫͷ˵һ
ƣ죬ˡҹڤǳôˣûܸɵΪУŮüһ壬ѵ⡣
ңǴ˵ʮа˾žͺͷйأǳҲˣ˴ӲöԸǡ
һеҷϵţܴộҺ֮䣬ֳ
Ůӻ˵ʲôֹ̧̧֣
жٰգ
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ɱƭˣôߵİաŮȴǸţϾս̫ˣʮλ۷ǿ߰ˣȻû£ųˣȻȻ֪δǷʵҲ㹻˾η
Ҹܹ˵˸Ƶϸڣò˵ίʵǿɳ̤ľȷʵܵУûᡣ
ǰңȷʵ̫Ķ֣ҸոһĵرȻҲһҵʵеĵرең죬ҵĶ֡
ޱȿ϶
٣ϸܵмߵİգսʤ
˵ȷʵܿ£ҲΪмĿܣɽͲŴ˵оԪʷϣҲȷʵд˵ֵ񻰣Ҳ֪˵żһЩԼû´Ļɽˡ
ʮλ۷ǿߵǺεȾˣôֲƻ޼ɵĽƻ˵Ҳǲܡ
˴˵ﻹҪսֱɱȾۼ˶ˣֱ˵Ǹӵĸɴ࣬˭ֵܵ
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ŮӶûзڴ˵⼸ǶۣҲ࣬ûţǻǷյġ
ֻҪģҲδɣǲɶ㡣£˾Ҳȷʵ޷ֹ죬첻ӭսĸӰҲǴľˡ
ɳ֣ȻΪԷһǿɲصҹڤĸޡ
İɣұʤɡЦ˵ıһǸ֪ңⱲĴ󡣡



908 Ҫľ
սϢԼٶȴ磬䶯Ŀ
˴ߣҲʮ㣬ҪǰܷҲǴȫƶ£һսϢѸϯ硣
׼֮ս
Ҫ֪׼֮սǺεϡ٣˷ڣ׼ָġ
֮ǳɼû·ߣˮۣˣڣںϵʱ̣ʣµʱޣҪʶ֮λһʤȥֻҪһͺ㳹Ե
Ϊ䣬׼֮սޱϡ٣ûмյʱ򣬾ԲС
Щӣۺҹڤ缶Ĵսսǿɴָǿ߽սֻ׼µǿߣ׼֮䣬ģӦ˴˵λãȻ޷ȷλǽ֮£ıܿԷġ
ǿˣսʤ˸ʢĶ֣˵׳˲ؼʱ̣׼֮䲻ụƴһ
ֱսǵһγ֡
һսҲ˭ǿޡ

硣
һߺͺüڻڣϯľ
мʶڵĻͻϳˣ׼𣬺üȻ׼ҲǼǿ۷ǿߣ׼ԶҲǿˣŶ
ڵľƣ۴ʮû뵽ǾȻսü߸пǿ֮սķзҲ⡣
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۴Ҫ£¥ɽͲսϣ춨ƣͲǵ֮սҲûоܾɣҶ˽⣬ҽܷս˵Ҳʮİա
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üߵ˵ͷͬߵ˵
ǵ֮սͬڱսǱսȫܲмһˣȥᣬȴǵޣͻΪԶ죬Ƿսֻ֮ǿ粻Уȡ죬ΪĿеĵһޡ
첻ˣ͵óǿ֮λҲսܣͲ˴ˣǼصĴǲòս۴ļƣҲܿǶһսҲǼģϾƵǿޣǶľС
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ڤĬĬ֡
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ҹ𣬻ǿɳ֣һ򾡣ߣǡڤĿһ
ԲɡҹҲ룬̷
һǴܣˣ˷ܿƴ˵أͬʧܣҲܲ䲻һսȥսҪ̫֡
ǡȻвʣҹҹڤ統֮ǿߣڤҲֻӡ

һսӰԽԽ󣬴ԽԽ㣬յĽò˺۶Ǵֲ
ӰԶԶԤϣ綼ǣ˽ƶ£˹עҲǷԵĸı䣬÷̲Ӧ˽״
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һʲôҲˣȻʼϲɰڲ˺ǰģû·
磬ǰδеĽ
Ҫһս峬κһսںҪľû֮һ
˶ޱȽţһս˴ˡ
Ҫ֪жٰա
ôԷģʱҲ޷侲
һսұʤɡ
ĻشնޱȵĿ϶



909 
һսұʤɡ
עΪҵ̤ʯһս۴Ҳһٶ
۴磬λ׼ѯʣЦţҲǸ˲Ĵ𰸣һε֮սͬʮ㡣
ŮӶһۡ
ǶһսʤȻӣûеĵزϾ׼֮սӰޣڣƶ˳ϵݱ£һսȴǱʷҪһս
ⲻò֣͵õʤĳŵҲٴǰ
쾳׼ʵˣԳ֮һս̫ҪˣԲʧ߳սʤİգǣüҪʤĻᣬ޷ǿԼߣԼǱߡ
ǵޣҪڸ߲磬ʱڣĵرΪ۴ǿޣĵرȻõġ
ҪȻǴ㹻֣ھ֮ǰȷŮĿ΢
΢֮ǰҲǹһ뷨ֻ˼ɣմ˵ŷˣһ֮սݱҪľ棬ȴǷһЩ˼ɣϧһеȥӮȡʤ
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뿪ˡ
ѵ˵˴˵
ڤоǲ˼顣
ߣǹŪ顣ҹ𻺻ҡͷ

֮ǰ뿪磬ǰɣǰһεľ飬һȡѪٶȸ죬ɹһνѪӡ̫ٻĽϡ
ǷɱﵣòãҲƻǲ˼ҪƴʸûС
˺ȣڶǿߵĲϣ޷ֻܿԼ
÷ԸźǣһηӡѪûнյκԽѪļ仭棬ҲǵһЧ
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һ뿪ȻʱϣԶܺһȣȴҲ˸档
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ߣع󣬰ǧϼţڵʱ̣ȻûжĹչ˺ӣǧϼǷɣϷҲġ
һ˿ڵ֮壬ǰ;
ǧϼҲǸܵ˼ҵůǿű˺˼С
Ӯ𣿡ŷ뿪ĵط
ġϵСԴ

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Ȼɲ϶óҲûҲûں󷽣÷һǰս
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ţҹڤλȻˡͻȻ˫üһ
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ҴһϢ۵춯ʮλ۷ǿߣа˴󲿶ӣս߸ֻûϵҹڤ۷ǿߣҲǰˣ˭Ҳκβ˭˴̽һ˻ȥߵԣ˵һϵϢ
ҹڤʲô˼ڰǣ̲ס죬һʵϾ˫УǴӾƺǰ˵ס۵С
Ц
۵ͼԣɳһС۷ǿߣ
ǿλ۷ǿߣ㹻ԷɼвˣɱҲķͷһսʤʾʹˡ



910 Ի
Ļɱ⣬۵һĿģ̽ûƿش˵
һҪ
ȷϣʹ˵ûаϵ۴Ͳκι˼ɣǵǿ󣬷һˣʵǿҲԶǵĶ֣ȫѹ
ȷһ㣬ܻʧ˸۷ǿߣۿȴȫֵõģҲᶯҡǿĵλڿԳܵķΧڡ
ֻǸͲ֪˸۷ǿߣвֺ
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ȻһսĽ˷֪ȫڽѪıˡ
֪һ㣬۾Բ޴̽Ϊ˵Ǳҹڤסˣûеóѡ
һ١Ŀ΢䣬ҹڤĶΪ
ҹڤôȻ֪ɱλ۷ǿߣһս̫죬Ҳ̫죬ϢȥҹڤȻɽһսʧһҲȫ֪ϸڡ
ǻôǲ뷽䣬ϾӮĺܽܣӮˣǾǶҹڤ޷ˣٺ޷ͲˣؼϣҲòվ
һ㶼顣
ۻС˵Ĳ㣬һսʤûô࣬Ҳ˽⣬ʵҹڤĶҲĴ
΢΢ͷ

ս֮⣬
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ҹڤЩ
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󣬲ҪĶüϵĴѶʯܷŭΪ㿴
ΪáŮŭ
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ڷֵ֮һ̣о˿־塭ͷ·ðƭӣͳĵԴ꣬Դ֮Ŀ־壬
֮ʲôȼд󺧣֪ԼһصĴ󣬺Ȼյ֮ȼҪĸ࣬ŻƳԻ߲磬־塣
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ûгû죬ζŸղŵһ̡
ǾǾġžĵ֮£ȴ޾ǳìܡ
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֪ⷬԻǵûжԷκӰ죬÷ǰʶһ¾֮أͻƶľĻ»Ѫ



911 Ѫ
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ӶԾĵ֮оѣ𣬷·ƾһ̫ӭ˾ˡ
˵ĺУˣ˱̫ȴмСһ֣ͻ˾֮󣬺죬ʣ΢
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ʱ
˭~
һȣȻͨը졣



916 ָ
á
ոը죬Զ̸оҲģȥһ͸оһɿֲϡ
߼ʵֲǰǷ·һ㣬á
۷ǿߡԶд󺧣һĳ˹ȵס
Ȼһλ۷ǿߣҪ֪˴˷⣬һ۷ǿ߶ûеİ
һߴϢĳԶûԶ
ôʵҲ̽ǡߴЦСԶתͨһĵá
䣬ô£һϣü˹
湲ʮˣһ϶ӿž˵Զбζû뵽˴ﻹǿ
ڲ˴ˡ
ҹڤĲ֣ͷβҾŪ˰ɡԶҹڤϤԿ϶Щ˶ҹڤˣκһ硣
ץһСëߴӲ˵䣬һɿֲԶڣʱѪ
˹СȻҲ⣬Զݣһ¶ŵɫ
ɴɱɷŹȿʳûͬȻϹأɱˡһ仰;Զ
ߴӵ˵ͷԶ׼ȥ
һͻȻ
ȫȻɢźС·ǵһʶһ㡣
С㷢ʲô衭ߴӴ㵵
˵ˣСٲ֮ǰͣǴһ˿ͺͷŭ
С󣬺ߵ䣬ˡ
ߵĵλƺڸߴ֮ϣȻв⣬ԷԶ
Сִһ͵ԶеԼǰָһһöɫҩ赯ԶС
Զ׵ˡ
صĵطԶоѾףյӣһ㶼˽⣬֪ܣ벻ͨΪʲôվά
裬㵹±Ǯû´ĻԶɡߵ
ΡС
һߣʲôˣɱҲûʲôСˣҲǧϼųͷ϶йϵ˵Ĵ£ߵ
ѡС֪ʱڳǿӲ̬˸˼ѡǿɱԶⷢ⡣
ˣ֮ǰҲˡûټ˵ȥ˵ͷˣ˼ּ׼˼ʮ꣬ҲˣС仹аۣȥһָˣһȥӭˡ
ǡСڣ˶Ӧ
˵ĵʽһЩһҿԿ϶𾪣û˻⣬Ϊζ󲻵ĳߴЦ
ʲôʲôʲôҹ𣬶̤ʯΪ˵Ͻ֮λɨϰ
˱·
߳ãĴѶʯ͵£洫һһɵԶ
̧ͷ¶һ˿Ц

˳ǡ
ˡ⣬˲ɳ˲˳ǣŲ˴籱ȥ
Ļֵ˭ŵֻ࣬ʲôأĬһĴ𰸡
Է˫ٶȣɵ˴籱ҲҪʱ䡣

Ĭۡ⡣
СվԶǰ
ڵָ֣ۡĬԳһγɵģһֱڲ˴磬ֻĬҪֵʱ򣬲Żֳ
СֽСͣԶԶ˳ȥֻǰûκζҲûгָۡ
⡭Сüͷһ塣
ֽûг֣ߣҿͳСϡһ䣺ǰʱ϶СӵǱģֽСҪֽһȥˣСӾǰչ˰ɣһУһҪСӣСĴŭֽô죿
Ҫֽ֪Ȼ֮£ҿɶˣҪŭô֪
⡭СЩɣĬǺεݣԶܱģԶָȷʵЩ𾴣ⷬҲһû
ҪԶڣ򲻿ϵģϾ˽Щͬԣһ븮ʱԶ֣Զû˵Ҳź
УΣҶСźһξ㹻ˡ
ѵ˴¡ĿһߵİҲ鲻ơ
Сɫ΢䣬˺һסԶ
֡
ʱһʵңң

ȫɫ䣬Ȼͷÿһƿն



917 
ңԶʣٶȾ˵˼㣬ֻһգۼ䣬ʹӼԶһС㵽˽
Ϊʲô
ɫ䡣
ЩǱ缸ʮ꣬ռϢ鱨˵Ƕָơ
ǰúһսȷ˷һ˵ĵλô֪֪ܲСԶĹϵɵԶڼɵ
ĬֻΣ֮Ĺϵ˸֪Ҳȫûϵ
ã÷Զɫ䣬֪Ŀ£һսҲǹսеһƾˣǷĶ֡
ԶͷĹϵǲǺϾԶһֱǵ͵£˶֪عϢ߶ǧϼţ֪÷ԶĻƱزưոݡ
ɫһ͵̧ƣݺԶҪڷϵǰнԶ
~
һֻϸƵǰ棬СǣȻĳ𾪣ȴҲû©
˵
СһһѪ͵ԶϣɫһӲ԰
Ȼλں֮£ʵȴǲ磬Ǻջһһ¾Ҫˡ
飬Ҳܣ˱ȥ
ɶŮˡдŭҪһƽԶɾʱһоĿϡ
ĿӣٴУоǰδеѹ
һ˵ơ
ע⵽̷Ӧдݡ
ķӦҲǼ죬ʱɱɱԶѾû壬ΪѾע
~
һͺȣҵ飬æһԵİȥ
ͻȻ
ΧĻ˱仯һۡƾճ֣Ĭĸۡ
䲻ϲæͰָΧڣжʱ󶨣ָĬ׼ԳһɣֲһʧȥˣޣҲͲֵһᡣ
һԶԣǿķ˵ľ
ԶҿС۶ָΧĺͰۣһ˿ɱ⣬Զϡ
壬˭ʵ
ԶʧǣĿС˵Ҫˣֱ˵ڶ飬͵ػع
Щģʮǰ͵˲ˣһֱı߻ʲôЦһֱΪЩҹڤĲ֣ڲ֪ڰе⣬һЩˣڵ֮⣬Ҫӭǵ˵ԶҵæԼ֪һж˵˳
ǾĻ֣Ŀһ
ĿɨȥͰ۶ǲԽĺһǾͷӦ߳ŭʶʱΪܣ˵޷ģȻųһˣǰ߹֪ȤĻٳˣܱסСʬ޴档
Цƫƫа
ܲɱһδ֪ˡ
䶯ҪɱԶȻûж֣ҲԹۣ֮ûֻ֣֪һ˳ֹˣƾһ㣬Ͷɱġ
ɱȻĻһͰǺһ黹ҡ
ΪҲҽЦһһָΧ
һָΧԳһڣڷϵ̱롭
Ͱ۵ɴ۾û뵽Ȼĸðմ˾ϲǾǴһ
̫ԴˣĿһУԭ򡣡
֣ɵΪɨϰ
˱һӿǿݺݺǶ۷ǿߣһȫԸƾ˵˼㡣
ۿһڷϣķǣ˶ǿϲ
Ŀ䡣

䣬غӴȻͻָ·ƿһ磬˷ϣһֲ̣ڷ
̫ٻڷУӿŽԡ
ơ
ȣһͰ۵ǿƶʱ߽⣬Ϊֲǡ
·һ̫ȽȽ𣬲ҽУͰ߷ݰ㵹ɳȥɫϸǿֲĸ˲佫Ƿٳ˷ɻңʬ޴档
Զ
С¶־֮ɫһ۷ǿߣȺһսʱǿˡ
ԶҲǿĿɿڴȻ֪ǿĲ˼飬׾ˣȻ𺳵˵
ûڣţĬһĴ𰸣Ҵ˿УҲδʳʲôϢ
ǣ̫ٻ𣬷ߵԶԣС
ӡԶɬһЩ⣬Ҫ
ɫ΢Ҳ֪ԶĹ£֪ŮӶԶ壬˵ͷ˿һξ롣
С̾˹ɴ¶һȥ³ĺֻӳһ㣬Ҳǳһ㣬·޾¡
»ˣ֪ȥ콭͵͵Ŀһۣû¶棬Ϊûм˵ȥȻΪԶ˲⡣
֪кܶʣʰɣܻشģҲ
ԶճյĿԺһļ䣬ǰ£۵۹㸡֣գֻʣʹͻںޡ
㣬ҵƷ鱦ˣǲ㣿ԶʵĽᣬʼ޷⿪
Զ飬Сһᶨҡҡͷҡ
ܲţҶĸ鶼ģӽ㣬ҲûڱָʹƷ鱦ˣңҵŮóҵģƭ
ʱҽӵһҲһŸ㣬˵Ҫ뿪һʱ䡣
û뵽һʱһѾ˴Ұܣ£Ҳѡš
Щ꣬ʱʱʹ֮УԲ𣬸ԶĶԲ𡣡Сᡣ
ԶסˣʮǰļѾЩģϸĻʱӣƺȷʵЩԾսǰûзģҲûвңҲûпСµš
Щţ֪ȷʵһЩܱóģĵرڣ麣ʱ򣬷Ϳóɱ˺ꡣ
СŮȻǶǼΪϤðСҲ¶̫ԶһĶǳս֮ϣһʱҲǲܡ
ǷţҲܱԶ
Ҳ֪ò㡣ԶʹţСһ֮ʡ
µĻҵǿ֤һ
һͻȻĬƿţӸۡ˳



918 
ڲ˴ֳۡĬû
ɱͰۣûֹڣǴӸۡ˳
֡
ֽСҲæ
ԶȻûмĬ֮ǰһһֽҲ֪ǰǽʵǿĲ˼飬Ҳҵ
Ĭͷʾ£СԶȴûôᡣ
֮£ҿ֤һĬҵְǹ۲緢£СΪǵ˲֣Ĵ£Ҫﱸʮǰ˺ҹڤս֮ʱСκһ磬ǱִһҪŻб
лֽСм
ֵĻȻŵġ΢ЦԶһ£Ĭ
ĬݣҲȷʵûбҪƭԶ
֪ӺˣСԶȥֻǿСȴǸޱȡ
СûпӺСĸֿģǣСΪ£ԶȻվڶϣˣ֮λģԶԲ˴κΣζ鷢ò˴֣֮˵˻ǼӺ˲˵ס
Сָúȥδӣ
ǵ£Ժ˵ɡĬ˰֣Ȼ֮ĸ𲻸Ȥ
Сİɣ֪ˡǶС˵һ䣬öԷӦǺĬЦŶԷˣҵɵĲˣҲûҵ£һѾǶ֣͸¶һЩҲûʲôˡ
ﲻ˵ĵطɡ
˵ͷĬ棬˸ۡ˷ֱԶСҲ˽ǲվһԡ
ϣµӦҲˣһеĻ֣£֮λˣСˡĬ
ǡͷѾ֪ġ
ֽ̣򵥵˵ڽһɹ񣬿ľǣܹϽ֮λ
ˡҹڤ磬ƶģıǵλãײһںΪһ磬ĿʼĬ˵
𾪡
ƶһ磬ǺεֶΣ޷
ԶҲĿɿڴȻͲµںϣ϶ΪڣҲû뵽˵ľˡ
һȻҪ޶Ҳ֪ˣƶһ磬ֵĻ˭˿Եֵ׾پܽƵλϣ˭Ҳӣɱ
ȻһҲûˣĿģΪ̵ֻ֤Ǹ棬õá
ˣܶõԴڽ¡
Ϊ˱֤ûףʵķӳ̵ǱҪ۲ߣԷг֣һԭΪһ֤ߣ֤ĽҲ飬Ҳ͸¶ݣڻ˵ҲΪΪˣҲ˵ܿҲ֪
Ĭ˿裬
ƽȴ¶һţҹ֪һжΪһ˵֪Ǻεȱ顣
˵ֱҲǴĺˡ
ƶ磬ݣһ˸޷
ҲǳһĿǲν˵ⶼһ
ܶõڽ£ǷҲһ֮ȫ޻ᡣ
ôֱǵ򵥰ɡ
ǣԪ硣Ĭ֮УԪǰʮ
ǰĴ硣һ𾪣ϸĻҲӦҲֻĴ磬ֱʡ
޾֮Уܶܶ࣬ЩҲǷΪͬȼģԷΪͼм߼ͶĵȡĬ
ͼҲ࣬ˡҹڤ۵ȴ磬ڵͼ硣
мҪٺܶˣȼĴһı־ǾǵܵĴ磬мˣ˵ںϺγɵ磬м磬м棬ǰġ
ڸ߼磬Ҫм߳һҲ١
ڸ߼磬Ĭûж˵ʲôһתж磬վ۷Ĵ磬һ֮ϣֻʮ
ʮ磬һԪ磬ʮ󶥼֮һ
ʱգʶԸˣЩ֣϶֣ˡȵȣȻҲֵġ
ǣֻһֵĴ磬ȴǵһ֪
Ԫ硣
ʮ󶥼֮һ
ǣӦþĶ˰ɡ
΢΢ҡͷջ񣬶˵ΪĽʵʵģûҪ̫ࡣ
һһߣţԪĶ磬һգҲܵ
ⳡ˵ǳҪ˵δǰ;ʤܣΪ˳ɹ׼ɳ£ǱһսĥܴڵĶ֣ԽΪѶȵȵȡ˵ĬָָСǵͷȥ
зǵ£ųֵģߵĵر֮صĽֽԵݵĺϷĿľΪ˵ע⣬̫ˣѶȡ
ϸ˵ŽֽǳҪˣ麣ǲҲû˵Ĭ
ȻеŶӭж⣬Ȼϣ麣ǳҲصϵ
Զıôû뵽ȻĻڡ
սһʲô壿֮λͱ֮ԪˣԶûκģ㶯õֻǽµ̵ܶõԴҲġ
Һ֡ûԶ㣬ʧȥģȻһԲʧܣΪΣһֱڣûг֣ɳ꣬ںϣʣµʱ䣬ֻʮһ졣
ֱʱ磬ܺȣѵ˵ģ˳ȫ¾Ц
ʵɷ̫ˣһã˵ͻᷢ⣬Ͼʱʣʮһ졣
̶ӣԲˡ
û´ĻӦкֶΰɣѵܽںϵʱƳ٣ʵ
ֱʣҪģҪĶࡣĬ֮һֱûг֣Ϊ׼š
һǳҰĵˡ
ǳΪĽɼ಻ãǣҪǣ㡣
ĵӰ˽֮λõʲôںϺ磬мҲǰģѵ˵˵ͻȻһ뵽һֿܣһ˲ŵĿܡ



919 絽
˵̺ҰģҪģһ׵ĳɹĬ
Ҳ³ˣֱʡ硣
һԣСһĿ⾪˹
ǰΪʲôƫƫû뵽أ磬̱ƶģȻ磬Ϊʲôߴ磬˴磬Ŵ硭û´ĻӦҲΥ棬ͺżߵĵر֮صĽֽһǲ򡣡
˼άƵУֻ뵽磬ȴû뵽ҲǿԸıġ
һ̳ٳٲ֣Ҳܽ͵ͨˡ
Ĭ¶֮ɫ
ȷʵˣƶĴΥ棬ûа˴磬Ŵô࣬ģֻһ磬Ȼ߸磬Ҳڲͬ
֪Ҫһм磬Ҫͼ磬ֻҪ͹ˣȴƫƫƶںϡ
߸磬һһ޵Ĵ磬ȼϣ˿磬м磬˵һ磬Ҳ˵ļں϶ɣǼݱ޹أ͵һɡ
ڵ߸ϣҲ࣬ͬ˶Уеʱ̡
߸磬ĿǰںϣмĵȼкܴĿܣһ߼硣
̣Ϊһ߼Ľ
Ĭ˵ţ
ȻѹĬ˵ĽĽ֮λԭΪпܵ߼硣
߸ϵͬѾͳһ£ܵУ֮ʢҲ֮£ȵмںϣһͳֻҪǣ˳Ͻ֮λ
˵ͷµ˵߸Ҳ뵽һ㡣
Ҫȥ¾и˵ˣΪ̱˵ˣͲ֮£ǸǿʲôܵǶ
ȻǺƣĻǵˣҲǲòֱʾˡ
֣֪мںϣƳǵĽʱϾˣñĴ˸Ҳùɡʵ
Ҫ֪ײչһǾ˼ʮ֮õģ̲ٵôá
ʱԽԽ࣬˸ǿҲпܳ֡
ȻĬСˣµĲ֣ٶںϣƳٷֺ
ͺñջһʼƲӽȥĲܾòŻپһƴɣӽȥһ˲ͻᱻոɾĿǰм״ˣǵѾеĽ׶Σͺñ˵ںϺת䣬˲ɡ
ʱ䲻䣬ʮһͻϣʱ򣬽Ҳᵮ
쿪ʼʮʱ䣬ʱм綼ᱻӴڣ˶ֻܽȴɽ
˵£ǽҲ޷Ҳ˵ʮ죬֮ᣬκ˸ţ˿ɽ
΢΢
ЩҲ򲻵Ĭ˵֪֪飬óȻ뿪ĻҲ޷ˣҲʧȥʸ
л֣˵ЩҵİǳĴ󡣡ʵĸлĬʼĩĽᣬеĵ㣬ᱻͻľ䣬Ūãͷ
ҹΪʤȯգֻѷɴС
ͻȻ䣬絽ӿһ׼ܵĳǺε֮󣬿֪
֡Ĭһ⣬ΪʲôҪЩ
ǷɻʣĬ֮ûʲôеĹϵ˫ĽҲǷĬ͸¶Щ
˵ǴѶĬҲûҪ͸¶
˷⻰Ĭ¶֮ɫΪҲϣ̳ɹ
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ںϣںϾںϵģײĿǱ˴˻һҪںϣȼҪĴۣǰŪֲ֣Ҫ֣Һ֪ŬۣȴΪ˼ѣǺεȱ顣Ĭ
߸棬ܵУ磬ʲôҹ𶼲ֵһᣬΨһϣ̵ģֻ㡣
̣Ԫ֮ˡ
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֪ˡ˵ͷ
Сʱ
ԶָСĬǿ
СĬ̵ĺ⣬ȻȥҪţҲҪȵ֮󣬷ҲˣһСȥҲʲô
Ĭ𣿡Զ֮Զ̲סʵ
֪ҡҡͷ
ܿĳĬȷʵĻ⣬ĬΪĹ۲ߣҲƻͼڣܴƻأֻڹķΧ취
Ĭ˵ЩӦöġ
ȻȫϾ˫û̫Ľ顣
Ϊ˹Ķȥ֮λĬ϶һЩΣգȫĻǷҲ̫ˡ
µ񣬷ߵһҲû·Ҳˣ̶ǳ£֮λҲûҪĬ͸¶ЩԷİǷǳġ
Ԫ磬ȻǳǿĶְһ
̵Ĳ֣ûȥƻ
ʱ죬ͻᵽҪƻҲˣңΪʲôҪȥƻ
мܳɹںϵĻԷ˵Ҳкô
ؼڣܷý֮λ

޾ա
ߵվһϣȡ
ˣҪˡ
ͻȻ
ǰĳ˾ҵı仯һӴޱȵ磬չںߵǰ
ǽ˵γȺ󣬲ܿĳ
Ҳģߵ˿Ŵۣŵȥ
޾֮Ум磬ͬһγȣʱҲܱ˴˿Ĵڡ
Ŀ޴ı仯ʱ
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غţ˺˿ӵɽҡΣ֮ҲһѺۡ
أ磬ڻζţ·ӭĩա
⡭Ǵײǰףôܡؼ䣬˶Ī
ˣײĳĳҲİζû뵽ںϼɵʱ̣µĴײ
ң𾪵ǣһε֮ǿǰκһΡ
綼ҡţһ磬綼ˣ޷
磬



920 ʼ
ĵ𾪡
ںем磬ȻûײǱ˴˼Ӱ죬Ѿ𵴣ѸٿӰԽԽ
ˣ棬ҲһĹ⾰
֪⣬˶˿ֻ֮УĶȻ󣬵м磬˽ʱ̣˶Уһ̶ϣ𵴴Σ
ʱ򣬹ǿʱ𵴣˶ȵײ¸ǻ췭ظ֪϶ˡ
۴硣
׷ʲô
𡢷ʧɫһʼδ
ȥ
һ漴ƿϣ֮⡣
ҹڤ¥ɽ
һ̣ƿϵˣȫǵһʱ֮⣬ҪŪô£ײĴһ硣
̥Ĥ⣬˷׷׳֡
ġ
˶ǺȻɫ䡣
ֻԭǺڰһƬ޾գ֪ʱһޱӴ磬Լٶײ
һӭƣױȵѹȸУ˵󣬿һĻˣ޲˫ȷоСǰ˭ǻҳһĴڡ
ôһ硣
֮⣬Ͳ˴Ķһ侲Ŀŵӭײ׳۳ҲǸпǧ
Ȼ׼ǷҲǵһοײĳֳ𾪡
ô
ײɺεӰ죿
˶ɫף֪ĵǴʲôӰ졣
׼ӭײɡ˵˻ص˲ˡ
ֹײûκĿܣ˭ǰᱻѹɳҪ˵ʲô׼ҲǾ룬ײصǣ֮⣬ʲôǶġ
ҹˣҲѸٻع
ײܸıģΨһģӭˡ
磬ٶȶԱײеʧ
ɳµĲ֣Ӧ÷ˡ૵ںϲǶϷ
Ĭ˵ײĿǱ˴˻һûвõĻںϵĿ΢΢
ʱš
޾ա
ȶٶǰš
Ϊܲλ޾յĵ죬ײ˵硣
һ㲨ûԵ޾յĻĵ죬ֱӱ鿪˳
Ҫˡ
ҹڣ͵ؽ
һ̡
ݺײһ
޷ݵ˲䴫磬պʹر˺ѣضҡţš
˶㲻ȣǷڿУҲܵ˾޴ĳ׹
ǿĳ̫ԾЩǱĴӵ˵ƺɵƻûô󡣡
¡
ԵӴԼײǰľ𵴣ΪɵƻҪüƬ½ײ촷۶ģû뵽Ǵغձ˺ѣһЩĿĵѺۣƺûôֲ
Ǵ𣿻˵ܵĳȽСĵطͿ̿ˣ˶
ʱڣҲ޷յ
ǴĿ䣬ɽĳ˿ζ
ĳɵƻԶԶûô󡣡
ײǰһ̣Ľʼˡ
վڵжԵϣԷֱʣҲ÷壬ǽʱƵĺ׼ײһ̣ںߵһʼ
Ϊ׼ȷһֺҲ̵֪˸˺εȴۡ
վ޾գײĻܿӴ磬ײǰһ̣ͻȻ䷢ɱ䡣
һ
յںϣ׵ĺΪһ壬бϵױȵɫĹâ硣
Ҳһͬʱ
һ̣ױȵһײĳԵС
˷˱仯ϸš
ˣһЩı䣬Ϊ͵ںһȼ൱Ĵ绥Ӱš
ĽûֹͣںϣҲ˳ţµֲ£ײһ̿ʼͳɹĿʼںϣٶȿľˣٶȥʮ죬ͻںϳһµ硣
ʱĽҲɣͬʱںҲϣӭһν
Ļϣһͽ𣿡૵
ͽĵȼΪ߼磬УΪĻյõĺô»޷



921 
絽翪ʼںϣӰǸտʼ
ĿңңͶԶԸӦؼ˶е˼㣬һ̼
ֲ˼ƶ£˵ı仯쵽˷˼ĵز໥Ӱţ˱仯ͷ·ͬĺѸٵˮ齻ڣ𽥳Ϊһ壬ɱͬһˡ
˵ȡ͸ı䣬ٶȿľˣԶԶ
֮ǰ˴ӳ֣ȫȡԭˣΪһ壬֮á
һΣӦ̶̼ڣ˾ͻںϣγµˡ
ˣҲǵˣջᵮǸ߼ˡ
ҵˡ
̧ͷһ۴񷴹䣬Լϵ
˵ûзʲô仯ֻӳ˵ĸıûãҲһЩ仯Գһᡣ
ĺôǳԡ
ҪǰȥѰȪ˷ɱ䣬ϵˣȻȻľͻͬɱ䡣
ҲΪһ壬е˼£ԼԵʡ
ˡ
˱仯ӹעģһ档
ںϣǱߵҲõӳ˰ɡ

֮ӳ˱仯͵ںϣԼ˵ɱ䣬ﷴӦ
~
ƽ֮·ӭ˿ٵصľޱ䣬ײһ̣ޱȻҵ𵴸ÿһ䡣
һ̣е׼ͼӦ֮жʧܡ
ܸӦ֮Ĵڣȴ޷ȥ޷Ӧ֮أʶУԭӦ֮ĵطһƬ硣
˲ĻţײںϵԵʣҲᵹӳǸ˿磬֪ʱ֮ڲı仯֮硣
ֱ仯˰ȶ
ָ֮󣬷һʱӦ˽ȥ
ʱ֮˾޴ı仯Ŀռ䱻Ӳؿһ࣬˵Ĺڸ
룬ȻǴ־ֳ̫μ飬ɢױȵĹԡ
УǴ׼ǳ
ʮ߿ǳĿ΢
׼ǳȻߴʮ֮ȥ߿ǳҲ˵Ǳߣʮǳʮλ׼
ϣʮ˴ﵽ׼ļǵʵδ֪
ЩˣǷϽ֮λϰǵˡ
ǿǳӦþ̡ӽ־ǳɣ֮ҫ۵һţԶԶʮǳһңɼľ롣
̫⡣
ͬ磬ѾһͳˣҪ֤֮λȻҪ˴󲿷ֶԼϣԲŻһңңȡ
λڶλ͵ĵģҲǵ׼
ҹе塣
ǰʮǳˣȫԵ硣
¥ɽ׼ĵס
ȥʲôҪʮԺ󣬾ӦĻý֮λ
ѹĬ˵ý֮λ졣
ֲֶֺΣ֪˶ٴۣȻԸΪѣժʤʵҪжý֮λѶȿ֪
ҹǣ»𾪵˵ɡһЦ
׼ˣԵչֳľȣǰԵһ֪ˡ
Χ¶ȶȻ
ɫ̫ٻڷУԡ
ĿȻһ
~
غձķ飬ֲĻһУȻԤе֮Ļ棬ȴûг֣ԼԿɫĹâ
Ƿǿһ׻һ׼ǣʱȴϡ
ȻգܽҲܳҡҡͷĿȻˣҲΨһսˡ

֮ľ䣬е׼
ҹ𣬸оǰδеѹͳңңȵĵһǳĪ鱻˹ȵס
˭Ŭ˼ʮ꣬ɹֻһ֮ңʱ򣬱ӲĽʤʵǰߣ֪ԼŬȫǸЦ¶⡣
ţĽ޷뿪͵ʵҲǺܿ챻˷ֻ֣Ѹӡ
羡ͷ
͵ײģ硣
ײһ̣ҲǾ٣Ϊŵĺڰգſֲ
Ҳҿ羡ͷûʲôˣûɶ
ںϵٶȾˣԶԶԭ磬ƬĺڰҲۿɼٶʧ
ײĴ簡һ۷ǿߣ۲ײӰ졣
ƻûô˿ǵУᱻ˲ݻ٣ֻĵطײ˺ڰգǲеĴˡ
Ǳߴʱһλ۷ǿĿĪ⡣
⣬˶Ե綼һ֪
ˣ㿴˴ˡһµͻȻЩҡ
ʲô
λ۷ǿߣ˶æƬڰգȻһӰ۽磬ٴж
ոײǿֲûȫɢʱ˵ɫʼˡ
ǵĻԲ̽ڰգҲҪϼ졣
ǣӰȴЩֲʵͷ𾪡
һˡ۷ǿͫ׼ַ֣ܿڵһӰ֮ӰӰ´¸ĺӰ֣Ȼڼʮ
Ҫ֪ʵʱģҲ۷ǿߣȻһӳô࣬Ŀֲݣ¾ҹڤۣòɡ
Ǳߵô£㳲𣿡λ۷ǿ
ʱ
ȳֵǵӰƺǷǣеٶȻ߼ɶҲӦ˸ı䡣
ֵʱ򣬾;粻ԶˣһȻ٣תۿ
~
һɫսףԽ˺ڰգ̤ء
۷ǿ߲ĵһ¶ɫֲĳо׼һ㡣
㡭˭ʲôĿģ۷ǿ߲
ϣڷĿ˹Ӹ£·ڿŵϵϡ
ɡ³
䣬ڷһ˳
~
ֲɨض˿Щû
һƵ̫ǿˣ˸оһ㣬˲ͱ촷ۣλ۷ǿڣҲܲסһ֮
赭дջƣڷ̬⣬ͬ΢һ¡
~
һӰء



922 ɱ
ͳ죬Ȼǿޱȣһɫս׵Цڷľƣȴ˿ûӰ쵽
쿪ʤһɫս׵ŮҲǵ˵ͷ
ӵļʮˣǿ˴˼ʵҲвͬڷǵλߵ֮һ֮⣬λͬģˣֱŸɫսףǵͳ죬λ硣
ڷ˵һˣû¶֮ɫû˳
ǿĿΪɱʲô˵ҪʲôģҲ⣬粼ּʮ꣬һж򣬸ͲҪʲô򵼡
Щ̫ˣһƶܲסֻôˮƽҲ̫ʧˡڷ국
ͳʵɨڻ¡һά˵ˣ뿪ˣǰ֮ӭ̵ĺߡ
µӣռ鱨ָƣȻҲͬ
ˣϻ˵ιΪɨϰģȻߵ׼вˣɷŲչҲۣǰǽȥһ˿вɡһɫս׵ӵ
һ磬Ǳ·ͬʱǡ
˽ҰɣҵҪνһǿߣ֧żСڷȻ
Ҹɫսӵ
¥ɽҡɫսŮҲ
ҹڤۣҲһλͳӸ¡
סжһҪɵƯƯģС¶첻ãջҪͶǳ֣ǾǵʧְĿɨһȦΪĺڷ궼¶֮ɫʱĵ˵ͷ
жɡ
һ£ʮ˶ʱֳ֧飬ȥ
ǣɣҹԴĺѾȥˡǰ۵Ķ鵱У¶Цݡ

磬ǰδеǿС
磬ΪײԵʣ۷ǿ߻һá
ãͬˡһ۷ǿͻȻɫ䣬ͬǱڷһǸ۷ǿߡ
ʲô£׵ĺĿ΢
ǾɲʱͻȻֲɨĿֱָڵ
ŭһһз·һӭһ
~
ֲĴըУķ飬۷ǿ˴ˣһɫѿࡣ
ӰζɢǿӳǰΪɫս׵ϣӿǶ־
˭Ϊһ죬Ͷ֣ɫ
Ѿգ޷ǰˣǳɫսӣʵǿѰֻ֮һֿܣԵ硣
ĺ㲻Ҫ֪ʲôԹԽ֮λɡɫսĮ

˳ǡ
ţı仯ͻȻУ˫Ŀ
һλ׼ˡ
֮УʮǳѸȥʧ
Ǻ𡣡
籣Ȼ᳹׵ȥһ䣬ʧȥ׼֮λҲţ֡
ֵˣκһ׼Եˡ¶⡣
ܸӦʮλ׼λãû̫ı䶯ֵȻǣ׼һ磬Ҫɵ̸ף뵽ģֻеˣ̵¡
ʮ׼ûж֣Ȼɱ˺𡣡ףµöԵ
Ȼ˺ʵԵȣҲܿʵԶԶ
ûãһµ׼ȥ룬֪ӦɱˣԷ˿ƿϣɱһλ׼󣬾ͻơ
֮УȻʮ߿ǳ
ߣڶ׼Сʱ֣¥ɽɽ
¥ɽʵ޼Ȼô챻¥ɽȻҲ⣬ı仯ô죬ɽ𶼻ûзӦ
̣֮ͬʱ綯ˣò񣬺šЦĿ䡣
ſ񣬻ȻΪɼŭ˷
׼䣬¥ɽ֣磬ҹȫǴ֡
ǰδе¡
ͬʱҹڤۣҲǰδеΣУûڵĿ¹䡣


һڲ˳쳹
ڷˣڲ˳⣬ǿϢݺᡣ
󵨡
飬ֱ˵䡣
˳ʱŭڲ˴ݵñ衣
ϡ
ڷĮ·߸ϵ鿴ŵϵϣȻĳֲĺɫתţɢϢŲ˳ѹûǳؾ;һζ֪һ˳Ƕ
ߡ
һڳ
ţ˶һֽڳȽȽ𣬷ֲǾ˵ĺɫֽʱɾ
һںڷǰ
ͳ죬Ƿһˡڷԣһüѵæͳǰʲôһˣǲһ
ڷûĮĿڷϡ
Ƿȷʵһ㱾¡ڷ국֮ǰҸɵߵһ۷ǿߣһƶ£֪ܽҼС
ղһƣֻǳ㱾µĻǾ̫ʧˡڷ
⻰һ˳ڣ˶¶ɫ
ֲһƣȻֻһ
ȻҾԸ·
ڷüëһŭЦһżݣҵҪȻ㻹ܲӲ
ԷǿУڷ꣬ҲҴ⡣
һУһѻڵĳǹƿնںڷУ˫ڳǹϣڷͷԺ˵ٶȱֲϢת
ɡ
źڷĮ͵һǹݺݴ̳
Զ֮ǰĺɫǹϣһǹֱ̳Ӷ˲񷣬·Ҫض˺ѿ
Ȼ塣
һ̫ٻУʱֺ֮;߶˼£ĵرڻ㵽̫ٻ֮ϡ
ǿҵĹȣӿ˳Կĳ
磬ƺɫĻһУⳬǰɫǹϵѸɢ
ڷɫ΢䣬ɫһ˷ǹԸ˵ƴҪ齾ͱԴ
ִ̫ٻ𣬵ɫȼţأһ׼ն˺ɫǹϡ
~
˵أڷɫ䣬Ӻɫǹϴһɳһղסеĳǹ
ŵŵ~
һ˳ŲڷסԼ壬µն̤ķ顣
ǣһνһƵɫ̫ٻϴ˹·һ㣬˳ųǹڷꡣ
ڷ󺧣ĸֲֿĻæ߶źɫǹһɫӿƵɫɽȥ
ôǿֵزڷ󺧣Կɨ磬Ҳ˵ԼĵʵҲǾ֪֮ǿ󣬾Ȼ
ⲻܡ
ڷ걳󣬱ͺڷһĵɳȥѪĴüֱӺ˳Ĳ˼顣
һսҲǹս֮һʱķչֳʵԶûôǿĲ²⣬ʵӦúͺڷڲ֮䣬ڷ껹ҪʤһŶԡ
ȵȣ˳ǾȻ˿𡣡ܿ죬üӷһ˵ʵ
󳬼ǿȫսԲڶᱻ٣վںڷӱɺڷӵ˴󲿷ֵĹˣ˵ನҲѪ
ǣ˳ǸӵĲһյ˵ӦñನݻٲŶԡ
ǣʵȴǣ˳Ȼûܵ˿
˵ʲô˵⻹ȫʵڻ˺ڷͬʱס˳ǲ١
ͨһ㣬üӵļⶼ
Ǻεʵ޷
ʵĻǾɣ粻߾ߵĵطɱ⣬ӷ¶͵񶯾˲׷˺ڷ꣬һն
ֲٶȣúڷĿţʵˣӶûӡ
һΣڷãԼдˡ
ûκλᡣ
~
̫ٻһδκںɫǹϣ˵һķӡͷţ÷ľ磬Ϊӽ쾳۷壬ͬʱʹĵرҲӵĴݣ̫ٻǶĵرҲ⡣
ڷɫףÿһκҪĺˣȵھŴκʱҲܲסɽѹһѪ¶ɫ
ֵǣÿһκһƳԵĵɫӹƴȫŽǰ˴εĻɵھŴΣǳļޡ
̫ٻ𣬱ĵرǱ޾һֱľ磬൱ڽ쾳۷壬Żᱻھ
һԵɫ棬ԴԴ˵Ȼûк߿ֲҲǾ֮Ƿһھɱﵣҡ
~
ھƵɫ棬ӵ˺ڷϣȻ䷢˾Ĵ󺰣һееĺɫǹ˴ӿ˷·ȼ
~
ĿĮһնϣֲйʱڷ촷ۡ



923 
ôܣˣͳȻˡ
ڷȫɵˣС
̫ˡ
ڷʵ̫ˣĳ޷ţΣڷʵҲ׼һ׼Ҳһ˵Ӧܺɨ磬ǣȴ
ǵ𶯣Ĳ˼飬ǿĿ⣬޷εĴ˼ȵĿ־塣
磬Ȼ
ӡüѸٴлعõģǱʮ꣬ԷʵҲһ˽⣬ӷո¶ͷǿʼһδε𾪣ˢű˶ӡʱˣҲеϰˣٳԾ޷ţҲһҪõĶࡣ
һǺڷ£һֱڵ磬ȻӴüӵҲ֪ߵǣûһ£ڷ׼иΪȻ׼ʵȴǲֵһᡣ
мˣɵĿһĺڷꡭ
һǴһΡüӵĻû̻ع
üҲùͺڷսǣܳܵĽһЩನȻǱѪ˲ˣԼĻˣһź󷽼ȥ
ڷǰߣǳ˵Ρ
ãһ̾͸оϣüӶʱŵð
˭ϣе̫ٻ΢΢һ
~
ֲйüӺһλ۷ǿɣ߷ݰ׷ɳȥһ£ͽ˴
ȥúһ£Ҫ֪ǱߵԸ
Щ£Ҫȥ͡
һӣ˺ڷµսƷ̧ͷա
ɱڷһ̣ȻԴԴϵĴˣաɣĸΪ׳
ŸķӡͷţϵҲǶȻ䱩̫ٻĽϣҲ¶ΪֲϢƬ̺󣬷һƶʧһɶ̫ٻĵرҲ
쾳۷壬ֽһһ
ڷʵǿԺɨģκһ׼ȴԶԶ㣬ɱϵòκˡ
һ׼һһһʤһܶǣˡ
εǿ߿ɱ¾ɽλ׼䣬ʹĻ̻̣£ɱڷ꣬Ȼջһˡ
ֻһսͻȻӰҲԶԶһսֱӻõ˲֮࣬һս䴫ⳡʤȻǣˡ
ڵǱߣȻ翪ʼںϣ˻δһ壬˻޷ջǱߵˡ
֮
ŷǳȻâǣԭеҹȴǹ˳£ǳǰƣȻԽҹ˵λֱ׷ĵǳ
磬˻ʵʱǵ֮ĵһ
ô£
ҹС
׼䣬ԶǿҸӦ⣬֮е˱仯˲Ӧ
Ȼص˱仯⡣
ҹ֮ǰͷе壬һ´ǰǻ䵽Ȼ̲Ӧ
ֻʱҲϾȥӦ֮ڵ
ǿ󹥻ӦӲϾ
ۺҹڤǿ磬ӳ̶Ȼڲ֮ϣϾֻһҲţÿһͳ춼׺ɨνһˣȥ˵˲ֻ࣬ˡ
ǰ¥ɽˣҲֻмˡ
οĵ缸ʮˣǰۺҹڤĶ֮С
֧ˣһɱۺҹڤһ·ɨңչֳĿֲʵޱ𾪡
ɽ䣬һ塣
⧲£ۺҹڤȫǱɽ֮
ҹˣվǷӦ˹ʼޱȵĵ̣ǣĥ𽥽ȶ

սݱ֮ʱ
硣
һڳĵڣһööĹŹҡ
ͻȻ
~
һ죬һöɫ϶ȻѺۣž鿪
~
ڵɫɲǣһӰ··һֱƵġ
Ӣˣ
ûǴĻ磬ɵЩν׼Ϊɨϰ
ǱߣȻɱˣ
ӰУ¶˼֮ɫ£ֱǳ󣬿ʯǲģȻ鿪˵Ӧңһ˿л궼ûлǳ׵Ļҷˡ
ǿҵĺɫڻӰи֣֪Ӣ֮ؽ𶯡
磬С



924 ʵ
ӢѶ뾡㱨ȥ
ʯˣҲǲ࣬ҲҪ׼һʵʸ񣬻Ӱҵһʱӵʧ
磬ĵһӴĸ󺣰ؼڣڻɽˮ֮䣬ӯеķ·˼ɾԶԶĵطͻƿвС档
ֻʸ˵ڵȴȿŰڷʯĵõĻӰеһ
¹شûͨѶʯѶǰ
ӰСĽţڵĵλҲͣͳһǣס˸ǷͬСɣҪ֮ϡ
·һʱͻȻһ˻ӰУ㶣ҳɣæı䷽
룬һֺ׳Ĺˣһ鵭Ȼ֮Ĺŷߣһƽս׵ӣ׳ɽɢ˵ơ
ɽ󣬿ˣӰһæ
Խ֪ˣ۴ͳ졣ӰϢһ㶼Ҵ⣬ǰʵǵλԶ֮ϣǿƵĵ磬ǾصĴ
׼ڵĻܸӦӴ񷴹䣬ϡ
״ֻ˵һ⣬˶׼еʮλ׼֮
Ӱ𾪣˹ŷߵĴѶŵû뵽Ȼһλͳ졣
㸺ʯײ뿪Ȼˣô϶˵ʯ⡣ŷ߿ŻӰ׼һͳҲ޷룬˲߳⣬ô˵ˣ˭ˣ
Խ֪Ӱ壬ŷڵȨأ൱ܹܣԼ࣬οȥɨϰľٶǹŷ߲߻ġ
ߣĸˡ䣬ҲûԼķŭĶ֡
Ӣͳ죬ңʯĺܳסӰԥ£ʵ
ʲô
⻰һ˶ʱһ
ŷȻ̧ͷһ˿֮ɫӱֵĸֱӣ͵شӱվ뷢ŭţ˫ĿԲɵĵŻӰӿſֲơ
Ӣʯ棬͵ģҲһЩʵ۷ǿߣǱ˵ţԼˣҲʯ
ε棬ͳ⣬Ҳ߰λ
Ϊľ߰һ֪ȻӢͳ켶ǿߡ
ˣӢʵذΧſ䣬׸ʲôΪԼ޵Уһ˴ۺҹڤĴӪ𣿡ƿڴӢˣ¡
ۺҹڤ񣬳˸λ׼⣬۷ǿҲʮλ֮࣬Զһӵ׼ʵӢӦģһӢѶҲ룬ʶľΪ
ҲһֿܣӢǱһʵԶɱġŷ߳ûеô磬̫Сˡ
޿ܡҡͷõóֵģǼ׼ʵͳ춼磬νһ˷ҲӢĶ֣Լ⣬벻ɱ
δأиǿĸأֻʱ̸綥أŷҡҡͷ粻ȵ磬˽ޣյ鱨Ҳܾƾ
ӳĬ
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ɽһսһʱ·Ĭ˵Ҫ֮λ졭ЩˡЩء
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Զ죬޷֪ס˶ٽǿߣԪ磬ȻһŶۡ
ǿߣֻммϵĴ磬õ־ϣܳɾ͵ġһ·ǣбѡ񡣡
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ǣǿ۵֧顣
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ովһ۴ȫ濪սʱս֮С
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926 
׼֮䣬һĸӦǽӽ֮󣬾͸ԡ
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֮࣬ɫսӺܿȻȫʵŲסԷ
ȻͻˡɫսӵȻЦ

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ǻ뽣ǿ̫ٻĻȼ̫ߣԴ˵
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һֱֵ߽֧ŵ½ڳܲסһ鶯ĵɫڣĲҽУ֮ûзκãֱӱٳ˷ɻҡ



927 ˴
½ӢͬΪͳ죬ʵڲ֮䣬ڵĵλҲ൱
ȻǵĶȴǽȻͬΪ½һݣ½׼
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ǣ綼ŵλ񣬸ոյֻû죬ȶûУֱӽ˳ȥ
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ˡ
ĸϣŷɫ΢Ӧ֮ı仯һ㶼⡣
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Ӣ֮Ǹ⣬𾪣ǰڵһС⣬ֻڳԤķߵġ
ù۳Ƕһ١仰û˵ͶȻסŷ߸Ӧ֮ɫޱѿǣ׼ö˶˵ģһⶼûС
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ͬһʱ̣ҹˣҲԭΪߵ׼ˣкɽǰǲұκνңû뵽ģǵ׼
Ƿɱ˵׼ͬڹŷߣ˺ǿͻͽǳ˭
ǿֵز˶ţʵںչ¶ţȻҪǿյ˵Щӵ˵ɱˡ
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׷֮󣬾Ų㻪ǻʣЩ࣬ȫա
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928 
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ǰ׼еһңңˣһ˵ڶ͵׼Ȼ޷ȣҲԶˣ͵˼ľ롣
ɱ½˴ǣǣˣҲǰԭĵһЩ׼ңԶľ롣
Ҳ֣½Ǹոճɾ͵׼׼ĩβҪƾʤ÷˼ĺôͲʵҷ͵λͳսĿǰӰҲ㣬ʤʵһʱ䵽ʵϣھȡ˵˵λãѾһСľϲˡ
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۴磬ǲ˴磬ҪյǵĶ򣬾ûôףҲߡ
ͬʱ
磬羡ͷ
~
һ޴ĺ֮ĺڰձȻͬħһ㣬ٵ硣
󣬸һӰɢǿϢ
ǰһεĽѵٴοȻ˳׼
˴ǣȡҵΣߣҲ˲
ҵҪǺηʥ
ЦĿ䡣



929 Ͷ
֮󣬽ӵĵһһˡ
Ūһ棬絽׷ʲôǼǳеһǳ˭ȵȣҪ£Ҳʱ򣬹ŷǧĵһҪ
ЩϢҲҪٶȣصȥ
ǹŷߵǽҲԸΥϾǰ˻ǵλҪ֮ϡ
ͬ磬࣬ܿӾ֪ˣǿŴŹâȡλõǳ˭
һˣ

һӴĸϡ
ӦѾ硣ŷλϣü䣬ЩƣڵȴŴǰߴĵһϢ
ԴӢʯ飬ʶ粻СԭԺɨ粻ôĵĹŷߣҲǽע;˹עǱߵı仯
ģ۲ѸٴϢ
Ͼĵһˣûȫ䣬ʯҲ࣬λɾ׼ͳ컹ö˶˵ģֻҪ˫һϵϣ̾ܽ⿪ɻ
ˡ
ѶʯͻȻ£ŷ߾һæȡϢ
ŷߵЩء
ʵѡֻ޷ҹͷһЩ⣬ͬģҲ̫ˡ
ѹϣȫȡŷߴ⻹״˹עǱߵǿߡ
Ȼ磬ǸոںϣΪڼʮǰ粼֣ŷ߲İӵϡ
ûã˹һ洢ϵ߲ʾ
ڷϣݲģ˵١
Ϊֵĺܳ٣ǰ׶ڲ˴֣ŷ֮ǰҲûжעⷽ
˶Ĳм⣬ҲǹŷΪ֮Իкܴڣһڱȫ֧֣ҹڤ໥⣬Բ˺ͷûôעŸ˷ɳĻᣬչɷַǳء
ֻһĿһ϶ϸоãǹŷ߶һľĸо
ĳɳ̫ˡ
ˣǺɨϰŷһ
Ƭ̺һϢǰߡ
ϧһдۣ

۴硣
𣬷ǣϣֹܺ磬ṩЩ˵ꡣյϢ˳ɫ
۵ϢԼ½һսûǵĶĿϾǵĵ̡
ڷʵͬʱ۵λ׼ҲڿǣԺķһˡ
Լλϣһϣ¶˼֮ɫ
֮䣬ûнⲻĳޡ𻺻
󣬻Ѿ⡣˵ͷ
ҹڤͲˣǸⲻ˵ĳԹˣע޷棬ۺͲ˲ͬ
߼䣬ȻҲгͻԴɽһսߣõ˼ĺôһս󣬲ȫ˻ȥԭΣ֮ҲûʲôԷж
ʵϣҲǷûѡҹڤѡ۵ԭ򣬱ϾȥҹڤĻǼϰҹڤԵѹȻˡ
Ҫ˵ҪлǣǣҹڤҹڤͲ˵ҹڤǲɳġһ
ҡҡͷ
ȻвʣҲòϣʵȷʵҿ־塭ңǵһλ׼Ҳǿ˵λ׼ϣҲ¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫȻչֳҲе
ǰһ׼ʹ۴ٲ׼ˡ
ɽ³˵˵ԴЩ׼̬ȣգ޷ǣʵûѡ񡣡̾˿һߵķҲĬ
ȻʵǿҲͲҪͶϣҪģվ˵׼ǱɱĶ
ͷҲվ۷绽꣬Ľˡ
û·ֻ·һ
ϵɣ˵Ըȫ֧ӽԺհƣı۾𻺻
⣬ˣͶϡ

ţͶϣ
¶һ˿֮ɫԸоѶʯһߣĿϲ
ûͷ緽ʽڷ֣۵ĵ˿ʼǱ֮󣬷ͨ꣬۵ˣշתλ׼
Ͷ𣬲ǰµһˣӢѡ񡣡΢΢һЦ
۵ⷬٶȷʵӢҲûоܾ˼
ҪԿǱߣȻǿУƾһ˵ĻѶȲС
ˣҲûбѡ
Ǳߣûܽߵ˵ģ׼λ񣬸ˣѡͶĻǵȴǺ۵ģԻǱɨ
Σ·һƴһ
λͳ죬չԼǿʵҲˣϣ
ҹڤǱߣˡûҹڤ
ǣҹڤͲ֮޷ĳޣҹڤĻҪСǻ᲻ᱳͱһһԭǾǵλ׼ԭͣ˰̾˶ҹڤƶ
ҹڤȻٺҾһս𣿡ЦҹڤѾûϵıҪˡ
ԵĴѹҪôҪôͶ
Ҳһ֧ϲĿԸ
ҲûھǰҹڤԮʱҲڣƳٺ͵λ׼ս
ʱԽãڻʵǿھͶλ׼ԵӴݣʤ㣬ʵ󡭡
Ƚ۵˰ɡкӿ
ˣҲǽӵҹڤӴܣֻǴ̫ˣҪӳȥûôס
۵ȫ֧֣ģӳǰǡ
~
񶯾ƿնȥ

ǡ
۴߾һǣҹڤ粻һǧ
۷ǿߺ׼ٶȣʵڲʲôں谭£ʱ۵ɫսӵˣȴǱ۴ˣΧ⣬ĵط
ͳͳ
ɫսƴĴһϢεĿֻţǣѶʯģһЩִԮĲʹķϻûһġ
ˣˡеĴѶʯݺ˳ȥɫս૵һԵĺҲһ
۴һ̬ȻһǾ͸о˲
Ͼ۴ĵ̣ǵͨȣ͵ǰ沼
۴Ϊʲôô˭ʵѲ£һͳ֪ҲǵķʱǾ˹
~
ڵˣ֮ʱһӴޱȣɫսӵ˶ȻɫȻ١
ˡ



930 ҹڤ
ŷֲϢԨ纣أһ֮ϡ
ˡ
ˡ
۴ǿ߷׷¶֮ɫ
վڵжԵϣǻ־度£Ͷ֮󣬷ʵԽǿֳԽԽ׸ġ
ҲǷһͺޱͷԼԵʡ

ͷһۣһ񣬷ǿƣҲǿЩϣ
˵˵ͷλ׼״μ棬ĬҲö˵ʲôϻ
λͳ콻ңǶԸΣʵ
Щ棬ǿģɫսӣͷ֮ǰ֣֮޷սʤ
һ̰ֵĵֽ˹ȥҲۡ
ûѡ˺Ϊ֣Ҳѡһλǿ۷ǿߡ
²˳٣֡һΣȼŵɫ̫ٻڷУԺͽҲڽӿĵرڻ㣬һ̣񶯾͵·
ǿҵĹȷӿ·ǻΪһ̫׹˴أƾ˵˼㡣
ֵǣû·ˣƴˡʱ򣬵ЩҲǱƵ˼ޣɫսӵĴ£Ҳʼƴ
ֲ𣬺
ȻҲ̶֣һֶ֣Ҳнһ˷ϣ滹λͳ졣
~
·ǻײ򣬾˵պʹر˺ѣ̫ɢĹȣ䵽ǰž׹ء
̾ͱһƬ𺣣ֲ໥ײš
غ
ɫսɣһ֮·𿴵һӭײֲֿʹ˵ľ
~
͵һѪ߷ݰˣһƬҡ
̫ǿˣĻҪǿڲţƺǿ˵׼
ɫսһ𹥻ˣȫһϵ˱ٳ˷ɻңʣҲش
һ֮ԶԶ˵
ǿ㹥Ŷ֣ͷҲעŷһߣһĻ˶ǺȻɫ䡣
һս⻹״Σ֡
֪֮ǿһٸӣҲ򲻸Һͷͻ
Ǹһ֮˵ĵͳ죬ǵӡУͬսʤ飬ڷǰȴǲһԶ
ܣⲻܡɫսš
ĿĮҪǿ֮ˣնɱλͳ졣
Բϣһն˳ȥֲĻأǵɫĻܣ÷ȥ·ǻе顣
ɫսУȴǴ
~
һֵ˷彣ǵ˼ޣɫսĲʵУɫڣֱӷٳ˷ɻҡ
ɱ۴ʱ緢ֺ뵽Լ³
ֽȼŵɫ棬ֲϢɨȫ˾񣬷۵Ǳߣȴǵľ
û뵽ս֮죬ûԼĶ֡
Ҫ֪Ķ֣һλͳ찡Ժɨ߷κһˡ
ɱ½󣬷˴ǣʵҲ֮ˮǴߣ£Ѿûжˡ
ɱ
۵˾ȫɱԼĶ֣зѹ󣬲ܳκ⡣
ⳡսķǳ죬ߴȫʤûһȫûһսûţǰǻʵ൱˭Ҳκβ˭

ҹڤ硣
һӴ֮ϣӸ߾ףʮˣɫսףȫǵͳ졣
ͳ죬Ǳߵ˺ʧȥϵˡһͳվ鲻ôÿ
ʱʧȥϵ֪³Ȼ
֪ϵ磬ѯǵİΣ
ʧȥϵˣϾѶʯǱˡ
ӵ󣬵һ¾ǽ͵磬кڰţȻûͬһϵô㣬׼֮ͨҲҪãСʱھܴϡ
ܿ죬Ϣ
Сʱǰʯ飬ֱӦɫսӺͺߣԼǱ۷ǿߣǶʸʯˡ
Сʱǰǲ˵۵սķǳ죿Ǹôǿ󣿡Ϣ˶ǺȻɫ䡣
ףɫ
˶˭Ҳʱȥͳùͷ
ӿЯ֮磬֮Ȼһλͳ䣬һδ
ȷʵҲû취
ԭĴ㣬ǰۣͷһսλˣжı¡
ֻŷȴֹ
ȻýӲϧһеĸɵͬʱҲһЩý֪öԸ
Ҫľ㡣
һٶһڵ磬ҲǺܼٽӺ棬ûһ׷Ϸģֱɱۣ¸ĿܣǱӵԱϹһۡ
Σɽһս˴˵˻ɣһɱﵣһ㣬ýӺ͹ŷ߾壬һõĻߴȥˣ»ᱻȫ
չŷָʾһҪɱ֮ǰȺɨ磬пͶȫȻЮ磬ڵв޷ӱܵľòսھսɱ
ǴɱֻҪ֮λͱһս˱ɱ̾ͻ󽵣ٲв
Ȼ򲻵ѣ־ߵҲǲģﲻ̣ˣ֮оͻʧ֣类¾һյĻӰ쵽Ľں϶ɵĴ磬δػ˳Ϊ߼磬һ̵ļƻգǻӰ쵽δǰ;ǲܽܵġ
ȥԮɫսӵˣҲΪ
۵ͶϺܿ죬˫һ֣ɫսӵû˻·
ˣҲǴΪ
ȫǰǰҹڤԹйҹڤϡ

ҹڤǡ
ҹڤĸأҲҪĵطλ׼ء
գһ۴繥ҹڤδȫûɱҹڤǾͱ˻ȥ֮ǰ˽䲻⣬Ҳûйҹڤǡ
ȻڽӴѹ£ҹڤȴǲһҹڤҲ᧿Σ
ձҹڤǰģѾû·
ԸͶһҹڤվڳͷϣտսƣ
ҹڤͲԸ룬һԸԸ˴硣ҹ
ͶҪǺãϴ
ţһӴޱȵƣϷɳҹڤǣݺѹ
~
ҹڤǵķֱӱķ飬ǳҲ촷ۣҹڤһѹ˵صףѪˡ
ɱǡ
ͳϷ£һһֱɱλ׼ȡǵӴˡ
ҹڤ



931 һս
ҹڤˡ
ҹڤɲǣ˶С
Ȼᱣһڵѹ£ǸĵطᱻסһɱûصصıҪϾ˸϶ڽ֮ˡ
ܿ죬µ׼ǵˡ
һ׼Ȼʮˣֻģֻʣˣȫǵˡ
ҹڤ³ҲͷݣҲû̫﷽
¾ǵǵľսˡжٰգ
û㳲׼ҲֻһλǵĻᡣһҲ
˶ǿŷ
һսֻܿķӣЩɲ϶óģǣƵλͳ죬Ǽˡ
Ϊ
粻㳲Ϊ͸ĵϸҲڼɵţ᲻մ˵
ֻҪȷһ㣬Ͳ㳲ΪʧܵĴǳܲ
ϾѾ֤ˣ˴˵δ˿û¡
Ǻϣ㳲ԥѪȻҲ᲻ɱıشˣӮһս˲֪жٻϣҲ볬ȻܵϽ֮λ
Ȼ粻ôҲûָǻʧķ赽ز
Ϊ˱ƳĵƣǿܴڵĴ˵Ҳ󶯸ɸ꣬ɳĿǰ޷ǰ¶Լĵƣ֮ش޷ٲ֮õˣҲԳ̡
Է˵һѹأͬҲһλᡣ
ڵľ磬쾳۷岻ԶˡԿ϶Ӯһս˵ãؽִ۷壬ȫͷųͬʱҲ̫ܽٻ߶£ȵĵرȻˣһľϲ

ҹڤ硣
ǿƽ٣ɨ磬չֳĿֲʵ˶ǺȻɫ䡣
˭Ҳû뵽ʱ̵Ĵ磬Ȼ֮ǿ
ͬʱɱλͳϢҲǺ䴫£ͬ磬޷Ӵ˴شǰκһΡ
ģǵ
ܿ죬ҹڤĵųԼսˡ
ǷųݻӦսǽ¾磬ɱ䣬˻Ϊᡣ
һʱ֡
û˻ɵʵҲ˵ĳҲĵĲսӭһƽ١
ǾһսΪᣬѡ񡣡ӵ紫Ļ˸߸ϵζ·ŷ˵
Ǻ¶ԼΪ˱Ʒһսϧȡ
ϴɾӵ
ǷĻӦǿޱȣӵҲչˣ˿η磬ǵûΧɱŻд˱֮١
ս
⻰һ˾ηΪս˻۶ƶ֮Уǰһսû򣬾Ѿ÷ǰֱ׷ǳ
ȻսĽûĲ᳹䶨ʱķ˵˵һˣԶˣ˵ʹϾ˵Ҫһ̣һսսʤŻȫˣ۷壬Ǹʱ򣬲ܺһϸ¡
պ۾һս
ܿ˻Ӧս֮á
ݡ
Ӧ
ⳡĶԻˣĻ˫Ҳûж˵ʲôȫս
һҲˣӦ¾սʱȴ˻һĴ

Ϊʲôᶨպսɻ󲻽⡣
ռϷ磬ȷսյ˵ûϵպ󣬱ϾһսʤĻ͸һЩĳɳٶ̫ˡ
ҲҪ׼
ȻûģĿǰܽӵ˵ʵȻ֮ϣǰѷȴҪϲ١
ͱƲĵƣҲ޷֤Ƿƿ˴˵
磬ǿߵ
ʱԵľӼѡ
Է˵Ļ壬Ҳ֮á
֮УһӴޱȵ˻ǻչԴԴϵĴˣǱԽԽԽԽߡ
Ǻһսʱ۵ˣԶܺʹʱȡ
ЩˣȫڷϿգˣ֮ܿܿ
ô˻ǣ⡭ѾֹŲˡҲӦյ˱仯ʧɫ
û뵽Ų㻪֮ϣȻиߵĲΡ
ҲĿ¶ɫ˻֮㣬Ȼǳڲϱţɼ۵Ǻε֮࣬һսǺε֮
˶ա
˻ǻš
ʮ㣬ʮһ㡭
ʮ㣬ֶʮȻûֹĽޱȣǰҲԼͷϣǶãȻЪ˼
ʮ㡣Ҳǵһ
⣬ȻǼޡ
۶ɵ˻ǣʵ۶ѣûдڷϣգȻӵˣһּ˻֮⣬ҲһǱյ÷׳
ʵҲڼٷš
գ˻ֹͣţڷǰģʮ˲˻ǣַԲ
˻̫Ӵˣ۵̫࣬ȫ䣬·ֱӳڶ͵ǳֱ׷ڵһ̣ΪЩˣȫˡ
˵İ£ͬڽ쾳۷壬Ҳȫڻ£Щ˾ûʲôˣ˵мޣ쾳۷Ͳˣ÷һͬڶľ
ֻҲԼӮպľս˻ˣҲȫգ֮Ի۳ڴ⣬ҲΪŻҪ¾磬˶Էкʱֻʣλ׼ͷǳ£Żʮ˲˻ǡ
ڵ͵ЩƣӽһͳĵλϣҹڤͬҲʧֻзһ
ͷ۳˻ǵĻҲʮ˲㡣
ţʲô
ĿȻ΢ʮ˲˻ǵ룬һޱҫ۵ĹͻȻ֣âĿְʮ˲˻ǣ޷ڡ
ȻؿͷǶһãȻûз˻ʲôͬҲûʲôҫ۹㡣
Ǹ㣬ƺֻзܿ



932 
ʲô
ʮ˲˻ҫ۹㡣
ƾճֺ󣬾̿ʼΧյٶҲһʼĻԽԽ죬󣬾Ȼ˺ڶһ㣬ΧˣٶȾ˵˼¡
Ȼ˻ǰޱȣ˰﷽Բȫˣ֮࣬޷ݣǰȴԾ˵ٶʧţֵķΧԽԽСԭʮ˲˻ǣҲʧ
ûɣ˻ôͻȻʧһ㣿һԣ𾪣̧ͷҪ˻ǻ᲻ٽһ֪ǵûӣǼһ㣬۾Լǲǿۡ
Ҳ̧ͷҲ¶֮ɫȷʵֻʣʮ߲㣬ֵķΧҲʮ
޷ôһ¡
˻ûбգûнһļ󣬸ûɢôĪʧС
ǿʼ
˴͵ĿУ˻Ծ˵ٶʧţͷ·һĺڶڷˡ
ʮ㣬ʮ㡭ʮ㡭Ų㡭
תֱ£˻Ѹٵ˾Ų㣬ͬʱ⵹
ͷѾ˵ˣŪ⵽ô£ֻ飬ʼձƽȴ侲
Ŀƽҫ۹㡣
Լ˺Ҳǻ˱仯·ΪʳĴڣ׳һ㡣
ڣ˱һգϷգǴ񷴹ûܵӰ⣬ٲʣһ˿һˡ
ѾͳһӨ͸İɫԲ򣬴ӿɫĹԣɫԲɫ澲ţصı仯ڰɫԲϻ֣·ԿһеͬڿһĴ硭
硣ɫԲã³һڳ
һֱɫԲ򣬴ľ硣
Ȼǳ磬ҲԻһǰɫԲĴڷʽȴǽȻͬҲŪף⵽һڣ
Ͼڽ˽Ļ̫٣͸˵ˡ
ɫԲʮ˲˻ǣӦǳΪĽŻ֣ƾ׼λܹ۶澰ƺЩͬѰ
Ϊ𣿡
ԺҲЩ򣬻ΪԵʣһЩܱɿܡ
һֱûг֣ڲ۵ķ
׼ֻһˣûκζںϣ׼֮˶ȴû˿
յ˵¶Ե籧ٴģҲӦùעһŶԣ͵缴һսֹؼʱ̺޶˵ȥȴ˹
ϵĻ̿϶ڲͬĶĴʱ˷һλᣬǳʮ󶥼֮һԪ磬˽⵽أȻǷܱȵġ
Ҳӵ˵ˣɫԲĺҪ

ʮ˲˻ǣǺǣ绹ǰ˷һѰ
ңԶĵطĬγɵӴ˻ǣɵ΢΢Ц¶֮ɫ
Ϊ˱ⱻǱߵץѱӵ絽ĬҲûֹɲעΣҲһĹ۲ߣңҲڴţ̵ܿʧܡ
ʮ˲˻ǵĳ֣ҲǳĬԤϡ
Ҫγ˻ǣҪǳĿ̣ڵľӪʮ꣬һͳ£˳ߣԵɺ֮£Ȼİ﷽γʮ˲˻ǡ
Ȼ͵绹ǲܱȵģʮ˲˻ƶγɣڶãҲ꼻һ֣Ҳ޷лʲôô
ʮ˲˻ǱĻûôĺô
뵽ĬЩȵҡҡͷʮ˲˻ǵΣǾת׼뿪֮ʣȻ֣Ӽ˻ǾȻСˡ
ΣӦɢڵӦϡĬɿҡͷⲻɢӦе״ȻͬСȴǾȻ򣬳λƺʲôˡ
ѵ˵顣һŵ뷨ĬԺصɴ۾૵
̵ҰĺֱʣмͬʱΪ˵ײʱĳҲΪͬʱӰ죬ʵı仯ĿĵĻȷʵϣγɣֻи߼Ľſӵе顣



933 
飬кܴĿܣ顣
ų뷽ӴˣĬ˵Ľ
鰡ޱȣŲ˼ܣǸ߼ĽҲδػӵУĬһмĽȻӺԵ
ɴҲԿ̵ҰжȻǽԼ֮ģŻĵҽȥ޷Ͷ룬Ҫһ죬ļҲǰٷְٵģȻпǵ飬ڵ磬̵ĳɹʻ
վԭĬɫòûгԷɵӴ˵ģǲޱȵ顭
ϾĬҲǲ²⣬ȻкܴİգǰٷְٵĿ϶飬ֻĬɹȥˣҲ뿴顣
飬ֻᱻһ֮ƣǷ̣ºߵʵǽˣҲʸ飬ҪϽ֮λУڳֵģһΣ˷⣬˸Ϳ
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˵Ҫһִ֮ƣڳֵĽһΣһʧǶ˽ĻγֵʱŬ򣬻ܵõĺôܴ¼ʵĻΪԺΪһִ֮齵Ѷȡ
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ǰǰߣʮλͳ˷֣֮ǿ磬ʧҲǼΪأϳǱߣһʯ飬ӵɫѾѿ˼㡣
ҺãָĶ飬ǽӶľۼһʹñΣմΪ͡
ֻһˡ̧ͷ
ʱ·ǻ˺ڶˣԷ˼ٶ׳ţû۵Ḷֱ́Ӵڷϣյ
Ӵ£ľͬڽ쾳۷壬ֻһš



938 һս
ں͵һս֮ǰ˾Ͱ纣׳˼£޿ĵһˣͬ쾳۷岻Զ
սʼ󣬷ƣŵ˱ָĴʱɱʮλͳ죬ǣ˺ε֮࣬÷ӽӽ֮еĵǳͬʱԼʵҲ˵Ӱ£𽥽ӽ˼¡
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ҪһʱȴǱǧ
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ĬĬͷ
ӷɢսﴫϢ֪ȻûտʼһȫᣬγɵС棬Ҳλͳ죬Լʮĸǿߡ
ݣ̾
£ǿޱȵķ죬ͷģĶһսһЩʱ䣬ȫǿҲǡ˲Ϣս֮ϣҪԵĵˣǿ˾
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ǱвòѡֵĿ꣬ǷǴ˿̵սҪеĲŶԡ
ʮλͳ죬ټϽٵͳǿߣǵսѾǷ޷ˡ૵Ǵʵ룬ǰɳλͳ¿ͺɨ磬λɫս׵ͳ죬´۴罹ͷöɾǼ¡
Ȼеĵͳ죬ʮˡ
λ׼羴Ŀ⣬ڷϡ
֪ⳡƵļսУǽǣƵã΢΢ɱ˵ЩʵֲͳģǷɡ
ȥģվѾȥҪ׼սˡ
˲ûбʤͷԣսŸոտʼԶδ
ӲսˡҲ
õӺͽɱʮλͳ죬Ҳļˣûнҿԡ
˫Ǵ޷ʵ࣬սУܶ˻ˡ
Ĳˣȥûŵ˶Ҫ͵սģҰɡͻȻƽһۣһ䣺Ҳһ
ʲô˶Ǵһ
ôУôһս̵
ûⳡս㣬Ҳǵ֮սҲǳ
Ѿĺܺˡҡҡͷ
ʵ͵ʵ̫ף֮ǰָսΪǴս˵һЩڵ˴ٲܴ⣬սĻ˷⣬ǿвȫǺ޼ֵİװ
ʵϣָսʱ򣬾Ѿвǿ䣬һҲⲻˣʵĽ
ûǳ䵱ڻңڻҵã𵽡
ȻǵҲǲĨɱûЩ˵͹ףҲնɱʮλͳ졣
ľ޿ɶҡٲ⣬ҲӣսѿҲ˽ӳȥǲˣҲǾıȫԼ
ͬ쾳۷壬ֻһţʱңǿ˺̶ֳأں֮ϣ¶Цǿҵɱӿ
սʼɱͳ죬Уûչֹǿʵ
ǰɱλ۴ͳ֮ʱȫԸֻ彣ˣȥˣ䴫Ӵ˷ӵ÷ʵʼձŸôͣǰء
Ҫ֪λɫսͳʵڵͳ쵱Уٮٮߣһͳࡣ
ǣɱʱ򣬷չֳȴֻʱʵȻܣ˵ɱʮλͳ󣬷˺ˡ
ԼʵĿģΪڡ
Ҫһʼͱ¶ױȵʵõЩ˽ֵĻǺпǰóԼĵƣͷƴ
Ͼ׼֮ãȻѾǽȥԼд˵Ҳ˿ֶ֮Σǲ붯ýѪģǾͲòȥԵǿơ
ԷǰǺʣֱӾͻὫսҲΣյĽ׶ΣᱻʹýѪҲ˵ľ棬ȻǷҪģҪɳʱ䡣
ֻߣԷֶΣֻ۲Сû¶ʩչǿֻ¶ġ
С޴֤ʵЩǶĪеģԵĵˣȻҪĽȡõսֶΡ
ھƣûгԤϣѾǳˣΪԷʵ֪㣬ӵĳ̶ڷԻ
Ҳͳ׵ģʧȥ˻ᡣ
λͳ죬ΪҾ޴𣿡
¶Ц񶯾ƿնȥ



939 ȫ
ɶ޵ࡣ
糱ΧգһϣſֲĿг˱⣬Ҳǳ˷ŭ
֮ǰºڣ˵ǰʲôǣЬʸ񶼲䣬ĿһУǵսϣӰӶûģƫƫӽǱߴĹñ鼫ΪŭѿٶԶ֮ϣ˦ûӰҲͰˣƫƫٶҲûǿ٣ֻŶԵεϤŽ˦ñսͽͱȴûκЧɵƵġ
ζʲȥǸһŻƵġ
ɱڡ
ٲҾʹɱ䣬ҼһɱһҰȫɱҿ㻹ܶ㵽ȥһɱĻս
ûκλӦҲû⣬һЦı˲ԣͽ͵ȥ׷ɱǽ׼սϣˡ
ЩļһûзԼײģó֣Ϊ˱ȷȴǷˡΡ
һ˫׼ٶµһɱĻкεȿµɱһ㣬ֻҪ֪ˡ
һƫƧĺ򣬲֮µͷĻ̲סҡ
ߵʵԶܸȡ
˷ԱֲٶȺʵҪɨսȫ𣬼ֱ׾٣ǲ˵ȫڶʱڣȴû֮ݣģֻܿˡ

ԣˣû⡣
ǰڷɱִ鿿£ϲ׷ɱˣʱǰȫģɱ䣬жս
ȻϾҲУǸε׼԰ս׵ƷκһǰȫģҪģǺͱȿ죬ڱɾ޴ɱǰнԼʵ¡
ĳ˵һ֣ٶȵĽ
ûãҵһ֧飬ͳȻˡ
ţǡ׼ĿһλͳϣҲ޷Ӧ׼ľȷλãģȴֱܷ
񷴹䣬λͳϡ
ӴˣǶȡ׼λ󣬲Ž׼૵Էģ½׼ɱȵģȻǵԭʮλ׼֮һ
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λ׼ͳˣɱ֮󣬷ٷְܿһ

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Ϊ־ŷλͳͬ鿿ʱ׷һ֣һӵϾոǻ׷ɱˣè׽Ŀеġ
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ͳڣЩĸҳǷҲۻ롣һͳ칧ά
ȺУǹ°¶Ե֮ɫ
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ɡ
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صԸ֣ȼŵĵɫļ¡
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һ̣˶Ϊ֮Ŀ
֪ǿǿףˣŵĻ겻壬㶼еޱȵı䡣
ҪţЩǱǿҲ˵Ķ֣ȴ˹ԮˣҲԼġ
ת˲䣬ͽԼߵ˼£ִ̫ٻһ
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һƣ˵󣬿ֲڻһɫ̫ŷ֮ӿײˡ
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һйֲ˼£޴Ľɫ𣬼Űﶼܿ޾ĹȺɨأ̫ͬ׹
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Ͼͳ켶ɢĹǿҲܽȫһˡ
ôܣôǿزޱߵĿ־壬顣
һȫսÿһ䣬ܸоޱߵ˶ǺȻɫ䡣
쵰Ȼʵӵɫһӱޱѿĸͳ죬¶δ֡
죬ñ龡ϹȥɽҲޱȣܿ췴Ӧ
ӵ˵ͷ̾
ʵѾǵԤϣҪλͳ죬ҲûôףӦܼʱϵҲ̸Ϲȥɡӳ
ȻչֵʵǶ𾪣ڻҿ־塣
ܲԸҲòϣʵȷʵ֮ϣӦûǽɽǵͷͽһ侲
ֻҪǽǾûʲôɵǵģ鲻Уϵǹȥһ
ͽʵУ󾳽硣
ʵϵԽ󣬴󾳽֮ĲԽ󣬽ͽ֮Ĳ࣬ȫ֮׼ǿǽķ룬ֻҪһҲмޣǽĶ֡
һΣ϶ֻϣࡣӺͺɽһۣ硣
Σ͹˷ǵΡ

־塣
ûǴϢĻᣬ˷ӿǿϢ˵߸гɣǹܴɡ
ɡ
ûˣĿֱֲ࣬Ϣɫ
˺Ȼɫ䣬ҪԮǲųһ룬͸оʱձͣͣץסһ˲䣬ֱ˵ǰȻ֡
һѪ٣źˣ˲䱻ش
˾ĿУȼ˵ɫ棬˷ɻҡ



940 
ڷȫ£׼ͳ죬ֵ˷䵱
λ׼һ׼ȫ˸Ӧ
ˡɫ࣬ɽҲ
ǰʮλͳĸҪ󣬻ڵԽ֪˻ǺεȷӦ˻ܷʲôϾǵش©͹˷
ٶȸȥϣɱ
ۡɽڸʲôӴ󸡵ϣŷߵܵγˮ
ӰǳԶ
̵Ĺϵһ㷴ǲʲôˣؼǣǵԭʮλ׼֮һ
ǰͳ죬Ҳ׼ڣǲǶȡλɣûʲô˵ģֻҪԭʮλ׼û£Ͳᶯҡĸ
ڣԭʮλ׼һǺεȸϾͽȻͬڵ磬ҲһشĴӰǳԶ
ͳ֮УǿһףҲΣû뵽һξȻôĲӡһԵĺ
ǲҹ֣̰׼λֻ࣬ǰŭй˸һսĽͷϡ
ŷ߸һֲĸо֮ͷһӰһսҲֹ
սѾʼӦҲޣֻǼϣڽӵˣҪٳʲô⡣

~
һ̾͸ӦˣӴ˴䣬һǣˣԶǰκһΣɼ׼Ҫԡ
ڶˡ
⺣˳£һֱ
ڣ麣֮ͻ֮Ӱ£ڴﵽƽ⣬ӡȫͷų
ⱾҪ쾳۷壬£˵Ӱ£ȴǰʵˡ
Уתţƽһ̣˴ӰţƺһЩصı仯ûʱȥϸϸᡣ
֧棬ʣµˣŷڴﵽļ£ʧһ̣ץסᷢȫһ
֮ǰķʧȥȻ˵ĻһС
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һǰ𣬴Ƿﵽ£Ǳʵ𣬸Ĳ̫ͬٻĵر档
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λͳ춼ǲɶֹ¶־֮ɫû뵽ôһ˲䣬ʵƺ˾˵ķԾ
Ŀ̫ٻϣĵر߶˼¡
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޷̫ٻ
˿̣ѾԽĵرļ£ǰδеǿ
֮ǰǿôӽ쾳۷壬Ҳ޷̫ٻߵ£Ҳĵر棬Σ޷һ
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֪ڵ̫ٻǿ̶ֳȡ
Ŀ⣬˵ϣ̫ٻһ
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⺧˵ǿĲ˼飬ǷĿɿڴ
ǿλͳ찡Ȼһ˶ԶҪǣҲûס
ڣȴһס

һɱͷŭХңң糱ڸϵˡ
ս׷˷ãȴһսûУɱ䣬ҲȿеԹ߼ֱ졣
ץ˷ǻɱͷŭʱޱͷ˳ȥ
ȥ
λ׼ʵ죬˫һ֣˻񷣬糱ˮ·ն˵˼㡣
Ȼ⺧˵һɫȴûһ仯ƽĻӶ̫ٻһ̳
~
ⱻһɨգ⺧˵һɻ⡣
ɣ߷ݰȥ;мѪ͵·ҪȼƵģѪڱɫҲһӲ԰
һλ˫׼ͱش
ܡ
¶ŵɫôǿ˵زҶǽ޵УǾ˫㲻緽һЩҲܴһᣬԲӦ㣬ѹԵʵ࣬ͺ˸Ͳһεġ
㾹Ȼǽǿߡŵ뷨˱Ժǽǿߣ鲻ţǳ˽ǿߣ˭һͽش̶ȡ
˵ͷҴʱʵȷʵӦǽˡ
˵Ӱ£ʵﵽ˼£ʵķԾȻǽǿߡ
ʶȻǽǿߣûκζ־˫һεģȻǺųǽ޵У޽ӽֻҪĽʵϾر޷ֲ
ɱҪ
ӡ
뷨һ̱᳹뵽֮ǰǺεܷʵȴܴ죬ڸǱһֱӴݻġ
˲ģ֮⣬ͷҲصܣĵĿ־壬ͷһսӿûС
ٶȣͷ൱һ˼ܵĻǷҲ׷ϡ
~
ߣһֲ̳ɨأգٶٿ죬ҲӳȥĳȴǱܿˣನ³ѪϼˣӸҡҡ׹ڿ˼ʮͷܵٶȣȴ˿
ͬʱĵɥı飬Ҳٶȣѷ׼Ϣ˳ȥ
ܵ˺ܲĮȻû׷ϡ
ȫתΪٶȣܽٶȷӵ£ʧȥĵرͻ½٣Ҫನɱ飬ȻҲܰ쵽ȴҪһЩʱ䡣
ѵõսȫ˷Ѿϵ׼ϣֵ
͵񶯾ת򣬷һһ֧顣
ǽǿߣӵŵϢӺͺɽǴľ
ôܡ
ǡ
糱ͻȻǰʱǱ˼㣬ûһõĵطһͰѱ鳹
ˣƴӳıҲҡҡ׹ˡ
ʵٲţӺͺɽòϣô̵ʱڣͰѱ˳ӣȻǽǿߡ
û׷ϣұɡ¶һ֮ĿЦҲѡ
λ׼սλøȥϱٶȾˣǻϵʱǳ̡
û׷ϣ˴㵣Ͼһλ׼ţӾɫ䣬˳ãĿĶ顣
⻰һɽͱҲ̷ӦɫһӲ԰



941 ޵
ƣȻǸơɽɫף˵ɫÿ
˹ս֮ǰһģһʼûбǸơ
һʼߵܲüɢȥָս˷Ľࡣ
λͳĶ飬𡢷ɱʱ򣬽ӵ˾Ԥе˲ҲӦԣʣµĶ黥࿿ڱһʳ
ǣζû뵽ʵȻ˾ˣȻǽǿߡ
ڣЩλͳĶ飬᧿Σ
ľ棬ǽӵսǰζ벻ģҲԶԶǵԤϡ
׷ǽǿߣһֱˣ̶̵ʱ棬ѸٳɳжϲҲҪ
ֻ֪ԼһĴ˵
Ҫ֪ΪӮһսɳǺε֮ǿǽǿߣƾδûһս֮ڱָȴ׸ĶϷֻ·һ
ˣˡ
ӵңڷԽ࣬ߵʤԽС
ٶǺεȿ£ɱ£ɺεȿµĺΨһܸıֱУǣֹá
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һŴ̽䡣
ȫҿ£ϧһдۡٶȣ˳ȥӵϣȴûжٰĵɫ
ڷɱ¾£жЧίʵû̫ġ

ӦԷǳĿ죬ֻǰʵɢ̫鲼ǧ﷽ԲȻ֮ɱ˾˴˿£Ҳɢڰ֮ڡ
ﷶΧ㹻Լٶƣӳˡ
鱻شɱƵսϣҲûˡ
񶯾⣬ѸҵһֻֻʧĶ飬֧棬λͳͳ¸ǿʮˡ
ʱǸոսӵӵҲ֪ˣȻǽǿߡ
ǷӭĽ⣬Լ֮ٵģ·ܽ˶ɱ⣬֧ȫĴ󺰳
ӣӡ
ûнӵ⾪ƣ˵λͳԥתҪܡ
ĿͶ˹ûж˵ʲôǳһ
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ûжͣȥ׷һֻ顣
һһ鼤֮£ӲеĴѶʯķ飬Ҳǲε¶־塣
̫ǿˣֱǺɨϵ޵֡
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Щ˫׼ǲһ˵ͨͳ졣
µǸû·ܵ³ֻ׷ɱһɱ
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ʱţϤıǣʹҲӵĵӦ֡
ģٴγԼǰûܵĻᡣ
תۼ䣬֧鱻ץʮλͳ䣬֧飬ʮλͳԶ֮ǰʮͳ졣
ͳ죬ڷǰ·ǵϵӣһĸȫѴ֮һͳ䣬Уһλ׼ͳ졣
սʱҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
Ķ鲻ˣ÷ȥոӵҲȫΪȫŶ顣
ڷһλ׼ͳڵĶΪɻҺ󣬵ȫһźͷ⡣

׼䣬ٴ𶯡
𡢷𾪵˵û뵽Ȼһɱ˵λ׼
Ӵ󸡵
һǺǣһ׼ŷվڸԵҧгݵ˵仰Ǳ˼㡣
ǰӴĸӲϵһأȥĻܿǴ׹СƬ죬ǹŷ߽ӵǰߵϢ֪ǽǿʱо£һʱƲסԼӲѳء
λ׼˷С
ˣ̶ʱڣʯ飬һǿߵ䣬ӿʯĻӰǴϢǴĿġ
վһԣһ仰˵
׼ǸǽǿߡֻҲǷӿͷĵĲ˼顣
ǽǿߣ̫˼ˣ޷
ⳡɹı׼ҲǵϽ֮λΪ
ǹǷ˴ҲһЩȥԸһһһпմ˵Ľ쿪ŷ¶ɬ֮ɫ
ȥݣȻǿ󣬿Ҳԣǽ޵е
ڣʵȻǽ
޵кͽȫ
ȻŷҲţǽǿߣҲ϶ĽԼȥ֣Ͻδûһս֮
ǣһսĿģΪ˰ѷƵޣȷó˵
ڱ鱻شʵ޵УƾЩˣôѷƵޡ
ȷϲ˷Ƿմ˵Ƿʼǵĸ󻼣˵ʵǽǿˡ
Ƕʮͳ죬λ׼ǰˣ˵óǽǿ⣬һá
ǼɵĴ˵Ȼһա
ʧˣμƻʧܣҪңºһ𡣡ŷһ
ԮͷûУսۣ˹ȥ͸ýˡ
Ҳȫ㣬˭ϵǷȻص֮߿ο
Ϊ֮ƣҲֻŹˣн֣ûһƴ֮˵ջܱƳơ
ȻڽһΣûг׳ͣͬģڵȴܽһ֣ΰֲǳ͵ĽܱȵģǷ֪ӲĻ϶ᱻشȶơ
һһţ
еĽغӦţܽһΰ͵ڹ磬˵޵С
ȻָǷ档
δ͵ĽҲ޷𵽵ýǱҲܵʱԷ
ǶԽһ֪ˣԴ
ĴڣˣʶܸӦнҲڲ֮ءֵ
ϣ˰ɡŷ߳Ҳ¶Щڴ֮ɫ



942 
ս֮ϣžӭ˵缯Ĵ
һսʤʱ̣ڵ
˷ɢĿٲֿܷ÷ƣֻӲսһ;
ʱĴУλ׼ʮλҴͳ죬ԼһλǿߣȫĿڻķϣζӳ£𾪣п־壬ʹޡ
ڼˡ룬ӳѾ侲
ǰǳŷֱʱ˲档
ϻղ
⻰һȫ¶ŭݡ
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˿˿ƵˣӵӵգȻûô࣬ҲǴ˿̷ɵˣԺԽԽࡣ
һ뿪˴˵أǰһ
𶯡
˵һʼĶ죬ǻûӦڵ綼ǺպʮԼǿ߷׷䡣
ּ䣬ǿֲϢգԶԶݵǧ֮⣬ǿ˶Ϊ֮
˶Ǵ֡
Ƿɱ˵硣
ĸϣ̺һǰĹʯĵķ飬ɫ˼㡣
·һۼڴ˵صǿߣҲɫࡣ
׼֮䣬½Լα䶯⣬ӦҲǽӵشľ֮Ӧ֪Ƿɱ˵硣
ڳˣȫ𺧡
û뵽Լ˻ûȥҷ鷳ȻҲ˵̶Ѩֱǵ졣
ΪͬһǶ⣬ݺݳϡ



947 ʱ
̫
Ϊǵˣ
ϣףսһĿ˵Ŀͽնɱ

ڣһǿߣȫŭˣɱΪ޹⣬˶Ŀ⺬ɷ
ٿ飬ڵϵλʸģǵλ׼һЩʵ˫ǿߣֵ˲ǿʵһ㶼ȹۡ˲
ڷУʮĸʸûС
һ˱ޣΪ˱֤Լľƣ̲ܽ˴ַȥң˵ҲмޣʵԽǿЧԽ΢һӹɵģǿڽͽ֮䣬ƿ֮ҲǧͻƣʡԵȵȱȽϲˣҪΪºʱۡ
Ƕ˺ҲἱһʱֻҪ̳Ϊһ֮ڵˣҲǡ
ҪģǱ֤̳Ϊһ֮һгɿա
Ѱ·һ¶֮ɫ
ʵһٶȣпܴڵ޵ɱﵣȷʵǿĲ˼飬˵޷Ըˡ
ֶֻˡ
ǿ󣬼̶òϣزλϣСֶģѾ˲صĴۣٷͬĴ
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̲ðգ䲻ûһܴڵв㷽ǽǿߣ㷽ٶٿ죬̶ںԵĴۣɱ
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ǣƫƫңĶõױȵ˺սȥ
Ĵۣ̫̫
ˣ̲ںֻҪ˳Ͻ֮λٶ˶ֵõģǣĵģǻ͸ˣ׷ԽԼ
ΰȷǳѣһþͻٲ
Ҫǡ
Ҳܱ˺սҪͷô˵ˣԼҲܱ֤
һΣýѪĽ˲˽飬Ҳֻܲ²⣬˵Էɼĸɣʧһʱ䣬ɱ
뵽ҲǼΪͷۣĶ֣˵Ϊֵһ֡
пܣϣͶԷϣϧѾǲˣҲû·
Խ֪񡣡̳
ˡŷǰһ
ȵȫѻΧΪעⲻҪ̫֣еĶԼա̵Ŀڹŷϣ˼֣㽫ĻᣬҪʧ
ǣһȫԸŷߴ
̵˵ͷµǷĵģǰεĽѵٷͬĴ󣬵ǲʱӽ
ȻҪȫѻΧԽ֪񲢷
ս
̵Ŀ⣬һ䡣
䣬һӰǸλվ˳ĶֲϢת˶ǲĲ
һɫе꣬ߴףվ·һɽ
˵Ŀ⣬׷ճϣ˾⣬Ƿĵĳ羴
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ǰ˵ڶˣǱ˵ǣûһ˵
һλǿߡ
磬λǿߣһ̣һս
Ƕʼ󣬽ΪǿߣܿĹǵǿˣǳ˷⡭
ںܶУսʵ̻ҪǿǵǿߣΪ̳ܶõԴڶ࣬ϵԣսûôԴȴûãӲԽ˽ͽ֮ǵǵ츳Ǳ֪ʱգ֪жôǿ
ϡսǹֱվš
սߣ⣬ֻ㣬ֵǷˣҪԽ֪ȫѻΧ
ҪѻΧûôףǿǽǿߣٶ˫µˣ޷ֵû뷽濹ҪסĴ۲֪жҲ֪͸ˡ
ǡսԼࡣ
Ѿʱˣ⽫һսǵˣأûϣ׼˼ʮ꣬ȴһ̹һ񡣡ϵĿ⣬ɨˡ
ǷǣӮ
ǾѻΧҲ˺󣬻ʩչطպһٴγأ뷽һսҪģΧסʱһȡ
Ǳʤʤ
ڣ˶վĿȡ
̵綼궯
֮λʱ̣ڵ



948 Ŀע
˴硣
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磬ײںϵģǲ˺ҹڤ磬ʱʼⳡǷʽĻ
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Ĭں԰УǰŵģǶѵһʱ˿̣˼Ͳ档
ȫ˼ڵ緢Ľ֮ϡ
ӷȥɱ磬ǿޱȵĴ緢ս֮ʱʹţʱ̵ĵ
˭ʤ˭ܰܣõȵһ죬ͻǰ
ڵ䣬ǰսᣬֵܱ֮һ̡
Σ֮λ˭ҡ
ȻǳĹУҪһʱ֪Ĭûβ淽磬Խǵʱ̣ԽҪ侲ţܽԼİѱ͵ϡ
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ĬͬһݣⳡĹ۲ߡ
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۲ߵĴ壬Ǽ֤һУûй۶µֶΣƾ۲һˣ޷ǧα֤ߺϺûΥ¡
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ȻЩֶΣֻܶûнĴʹãһ˽һ֮־־ͬһ壬׾ܽ־жĶңµҲƣߵڼ䣬ƾ͸Ǵ־ڵĺ֣ᱻѸ
͵ںϺգĬһֱţûʹһǷ۵ǳսûĿãΪ˽ؼʱ̣Ҳǡڡ
Ĭ䣬Ѿ˷ӦһصնԳһָ
һӴĹ񷴹䣬渡صĹԺͷģĬǰͶӰһӴޱȵ磬ɢݳ㣬һӰ
ʱ֮ĻܿĬǰͶӰ磬ںϵ͵磬ֺ
ĬָڵĲֵһ¡
ӰʱתĬΪѸٷŴ󣬽βĬǰģһĵһӴ۳ǡ
Ĭ˳ǵĶʮĴ֮һҹǣԵ֮ޱߣȻֻʮǣȻǳ֮Уס£ֵʮˣҹ̵ĵϵһλ˫׼۵λԶǰʮ֮ϡ
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һУΪһˡ
ĬĿ⣬ҹϿգִŽɫ񽣵ϡ

ڵλãͶӰķʽֳĬע⵽ͶӰеķͻȻü̧ͷڵķλһۣ
ˡ
ĬЦЦе⣬ԷʵҪ˿ܣĬû¡
ͶӰУܿջĿ⣬»صҹϣ¶֮ɫ
Ϊʮĳ֮һҹȻǷͬСɣǿǾޱȣܵκǿߡ
ֻڷǰһȴûж塣
һ䣬˺ҹǵطҹڶǿѪˣ֮ĵڶɱ˳ڣɫҹǸȼ𣬽һλλǿ߷ٳɷɻҡ
ǽǿ֮һʵ̾һ졣
ҹǵĳλ˫׼ڵĻ֮УֵܶȻʱԷ̵УԮ
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ǿĬ֣ǵһŵģȴ˷ܡ
Խǿȡ֮λϣԽ󣬶ԽҲ⿴ġ
òϣʱķȷʵ̵ĴУвˣڱصõĽ֮λ
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ϣڷ̵ʧܣҲûѡ񣬱ϾߣΨһôһϣģҲֻзˡ
̵ƺܴ󣬲ЯϵԴͬģĬ۲ߵҲСҲһǿߣ̵ʧܡֻзչڴѶǰ͸¶ء
ߣһֱû۵ǿ֣߳Ψһ۵ģĬԼҲ֪ɹļʷǳã˵һϣûУΪǱߣ̾Ӫģʵ̫ǿ̫ǿˣԶԶߣԽᵽ̵Ͷ֮󣬾֮ܿ㣬Ұ֮ʢԲƻҲû
ǣȴˡ
Ĭе𾪣޷Ա˻жоֻжָƵ֪һǺεȵļѣǺεȵ˲
ӣβĻȻǳ֮ĬоâͶӰеķҹǺȥ
ûɱ޹ǽҹеǿ߷ٳɷɻңͨԼһЩǿߣȴǻ˫ʵһϣ˷ҪԼԼҲʲô¡
ͶӰУ治ϱţʼڷϡ
ڴţߵһĬ૵ޱţܴ漣̣ý֮λ
ߣ𡢷ˣҲǼǣɱķ
ûĬҲҽ磬ֻʱע֮ı仯עǿŴŷǳ
磬硣
ȻˣûĬֶΣҲӦ֮Ҳʶʲô˶յʱ̵
עһսģص磬طĿ⣬͸ңԶ޷ľ룬Ͷڴ˵ء

ţأԵ㣬ſֲţһ׺ɨһ硣
ضֲֿ룬һ޴ĸԶһȣɽˮ˼ɾ
һӴ嫵ĹԴ񷴹䣬·ӣᴩں嫹֮Уʤ֣ͬλá
Ԫһ磬̳ռ֮ء
ʱԵϲģŵƽʣһɽһۡԼ֮ᴩĺ嫹֮С
һӴָûʵĹֳЩˡ



949 ͶӰ
ⲻܽ𣿡
ŷ֣ǧδҲռҹİɡ
һЩ嫹Ե֮ۡϵϳ˱˴ˣʶ˷׷׿̸
Ƕǽռ룬˹ġ
ռҳ˸ﰡҪˡ
˵ռҵС̱һλʥУⳡɹ֤Ǳ֮󣬾ͻʽΪͽǿǴ˵һĴ˵ڰĴ˵˹ϵռҪﶼѡ
ǰ˸пţ˵Ľ
Ϊ̣ռұؽǳ᲻ɹûж˻ɣѶȲ̫̼ȻʥУȻǾžޣҪͨ˵ʮþȣûʧֵĵ˵ǰռģĸʮˡ
ϲϲռҳһ
嫹иֵĹǰһվڹǰӭͣβסϲ⣬ʱʱˬʵĴЦȻ鼫á
֮⣬˸öӰ
˶ϳӭ͵ߣһһ֮е۷ǿߣԼ̬ŵĺܵ͡
Ǻ̳Ϊʥĵӣһ죬ȻˮǴߣռڣռߵĻȨʱɣռҵͳԾӡ
ڶǿ߷ŵ̬ҲϷŹ⣬˵Ĺʡ
ҶǾ֮ţͨڻ¡
ͨһɼˡ
ųǿҵģ𶯣׷ײ²⣬̻ᴴεȳɼ
պ󣬻λռһͬһ̶֤ɾ漣˵ѯʣһӣɽӣһڷŹ⡣
һ̣·ǵ۷塣

ĬĿע͵ĿעǿԪĿͶΪ֮һķȴȻ⡣
߶۷壬ɫȼţԴԴ˵Ļ棬ȻԶ޷ʹ˵ȣҲǷͬСɣŤʱգ￴͸ܡ
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ԪһǷʱ̣һ֮Ȼܵע֪˵Ŀ
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磬ҲӦˡУĿԶ
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ƣǳƵϺɨϵ޵С
ȻҲΪʵˣǱԼ˸ֲûмʱӦˣһعؽ
ʵǿҲֻһˡ
ӲһͣãԼٶƷӵ˼£ڵݺȥ
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ͬ޷϶Ѫܽɱ
򲻵ѣѪϾһɱ˼
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⡭𾪣ı仯δţҲ֪û
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ϸĿڵУ˼
ԼĽ쾳۷壬һ뿪磬̻ᱻԭΡ
ں˵£ǿγƽ⣬Уȴűʵ
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ͻȻ
е飬Ȼ΢΢һһЩص֪ʶʱ˷Ժ
ȼˣһ˲γȡȼһУֻΪһ˲ü
д֪ʶһֺ¡
һֱˣ֮䣬»ᵮһֳΰγ޷Ŀֲ



950 Ӳ
ǣ쾳۷յ𣿡𶯡
ڻĽ쾳۷壬˵´ƵЧܶ෽涼޷Ľ쾳۷ȡ
ȼˣҲһ˲䣬ͶӰ޷ĻͶӰᲢۡ
֪Ĵﵽ쾳۷壬ڵ֮γƽ⣬麣ͶӰͻͶӰ֮䣬»ᱬΪ˵
ȻĿǰ˵ЩǷֱжྪˣҲûļʶ
дһЩ֪ʶ÷Ҳ˵ڴ
ʱգҼĽ쾳Ҳв٣в쾳۷壬δʲôҲûлɡ
˵쾳ˣľҲһλûʲôɱԻ߲⣬ûʲô֮
ֻڣ麣֮ǻ֮ȼǼ֮ߣʶĵУ˿ɱȣһ˴˵еД֮ߣǽ쾳۷󣬻ᵮԭ
ҡҡͷûжȥڵˣҲ
Ҫˡ
ֽˣһǿ󣬷Ŀ΢Ӧλ׼Ѿ˸
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ȫԸĵ磬ҲҴ⣬žԼٶƷӵ˼ޣݺȥ㹻Ŀռ䡣
һߣŷҲʼ
սˣԴƬ̣һȷλã̳ŷ߶һԵսԷǽǿߣ˿Ҵ⡣
Χڣλ׼ܸӦ˴˵Ĵڣ޷ȷλ
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֮䣬ƽϢ֧Щң˵ɫǲ԰ֽ
ǿֲĽɫǸо·˶ҪȼƵġ
һȥ֧䡣
⣬ǿԷҲȷʵǿ󣬲һֵס
ɡ
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ֲĽɫ֣ɨһУȷӿ·һ̫
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׼ŭͷǱǰδеͺɨصĽɫ⡣
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һĻλ׼ɫףʵֲ̫ˣҰսûз֮Ѻͷ⣬ǾҪ
һ䣬ʣµ˸Ӳ᳹׵һߵɱĸ졣
սô׼д󼱣ƴĴߴٹŷߡ
ƽָЩ˲
γ֪ЩڵȴԮҪģڶԷԮǰȫ˺ǵķɴԼٶȽĶй˼ɣһսֻԸ
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ɱ~
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ĹǿޱȣЩ˵ǿס˼ǳܲסһ䣬ֲĽɫɨ˺ǵĶ顣
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ס֡
ʱһ𣬰ſֲȻ٣ֱЩڴѾõǿԮڵ



951 ս
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оǿҵвһɫҫɢȣӭϮľ޴Ӱһ
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λǿԮٳһЩЩһӲڷ
̫ˣսڸⷽԲս˵Ķ֡
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벻ɣֻǽǿߵģǵҲУұǿλ׼
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⾪һʾе̫ٻȼ˿ֲĽɫ棬Ҳڽɫϸ𣬷һ䣬ɨصĽɫ֣޾Ĺȷӿ·һ̫ը˿
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⻰һ˷׷׵ͷȫţսȻӮ˷
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ս˺ͷ൱ӵϢŷüȻ𾪣վ֮С
ȥս˺ͷսĵطһǧﴦʼ󡣡𾪹𾪣ŷ߿ûԼ񣬶ʱ˲
ҪΧסͱ벼
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ʲôսǱϣͻȻ˾ݣղŵһײ֮Уһƽɫͻ굽ĺɫϣʱ˳źɫ˹
սԸоԼİڷظɫ䡣
ƽɫԣͶԷǰĳȼŵĻȻͬ·ӵһ㣬оǿҵв
ԲƽɫҼ㲻Ҳˡս
еĺɫꪣҲǷƷȻԶȲϽҲܳս߶ɫꪾԶɢݳֲƽɫ档
ƿֲĽɫ棬ÿһ֣ͱһ֣ӵɫʮ֮һλãͱ

ս˿֮ʱ޾Ĺâӿڱߣɫɨء
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սȣִɫꪷһһճ֣սʶĸо˲ԣҪ֮ǰȫһЩ
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û֪ʲôս״̬ãû˿Ĳ֧ΪֽһƽɫĽ棬ȴսз
սһ㵣ûŪһ˲䣬׳ʲô£ԼӳһûԼȫʢʱǿ



952 ˴
ô£
˵Ŀⶼڷϡ
Ȼ֪ôһ£ԭ˫档
սǿǷΪֹǿˣǷﵽ۷壬Ժɨ£ҲԻ
սȴ
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սʵǳǿʱڣ˷ֲʤʱһϵƣͻ¶
鶯Ľɫ棬̫ٻǿĹ̫ٻıԴ֮
̫ٻıԴ֮йܶԺɫһ˺ս֮ǰоĳڷǴ
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սһƣƷǳ΢ڶʱڻʤơ
뵽еսʱˣû̫ʱ˷ѣĽǿʵΣҲʶˣսȥԼĶ֣һֱģԶԷ
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Ӧ֮УǴǳǰԽԽӽһǳ𡢷ϲɫ
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뷽ɱ磬Ѿȥ졣
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ҲΪսĴڣŷ߲ŸɳһӶ֣ȥѰԷλΪģز֣һ޵£
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ĵֱ̺ʣȻܱȵģҲֻǣܲⳬģմ
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ԴײͷεĽ֮У̫Ŀȴüһڱѩ޵ʹ졣
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ûгʤ׷Юźɨ˻֮ƣԣս



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ԣЩ˶ɫѿ֮ˣ˵ǼΧס˷Ҳκβ󻹵ճ
˵ʵȴҲùŷߵ˼Ȳˬ
ɶУܶõԴޣô˲񡣡һ׼̲ס˵жŭ⡣
ЩˣȻȫԪ磬ҲкܴһֶǵˣշҲһУԪ֮ԾӣҲΪ
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һΥ棬ͻʧܣǰһиḶǻٵ̵Ĺǰ;
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ڽ׼ٳûжҲΥ˵ģڣǵ磬Ǳߣڴţ˺ͷһսĽ
ԣǰ־ƣǣˣܿںܡ
ŷɬɫѿ
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⣬Ѿ֮ľս޷֣ʤߣϽ֮λ
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ô˵棬ҲĶ֣ڽǿ棬ǺСһˣҪսʤҲףΪ㻹̫СոյϽ֮λǱʵռҲңȻԪ磬ռ㲻ʲôڱȴǿĳ񣬷ǳǳǿǿʮٱҪ׼ռңûκʤ㡣
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ͬڽ֮λ̺͵ǿгɹϣǶռңһϣûС
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ԸµˣȻ׺ɨǶԸǿߣȴһ
Ǻ֢˴̫ıԴڡĬ
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ԣŻӭƽʢŻڶ̶ʱڣð֮ǿߡ
ͷǱߣǵǱߣˣʮ䣬ֵǿ֮꣬ΪˣΪıԴǱܱȻ档
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һ֮Լޱǿ󣬵޵У̫ǿĻܻһ֮
Ϊһ֮鷳Ŀʼڣ磬ͺһޱȵĴ󵰸⣬֪̰ˡ
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ȻԶǴ˵Ķ֣ǿƬ̣ʵѾǿˡ
Ǵǻ۵ı֣еãǵޣĹгɾͽ֮λѾϵĺôǰ;ޱȹģ֮λ˵Ҳʲô֮ûҪΪ䡣ĬȰ˵ĵĸлͿ÷ϣһλ֮䡣
ѾҺܿͻعԪ磬ԸĻͬСĬ׳һ޷ܾջ
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ȻѡܣƣǺγǶһĥء
֣ʧܵң̵˽֮λӦԡͻȻڣʵ
ϾռңҲӦǿ߰ɣϾһ߼硣
ռҵİգȻ󡣡Ĭԥ̺㲻һԪһλʥУֻҪɹ̾ͻΪλʥĵӣ˭ȥλʥĵӣҲ޹ؽҪȻ˲λʥӣҲнİ취ȹڡ
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սӣŬ뿪ȫ
̫ǿ󣬷ҲǿţֻĬһЩͲսӡ
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ȥԪ磬Ķ磬ڡ
ڵķʵ̫ˣԪٺûٶ࣬ʵĻҲ޼£ֻװԼȫĬϣָշԼǲǷԸĬҲûôǿʵ˫ĹϵҲûһڽĽ쾳۷ǰѡȥ硣
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סĬ˵ͷȻ֪û˵ĻԷ׷飬ġ
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ߵĵرԣȻδͣͬ߱ԣŶصıܡ
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ʱգͲţˣʵرһֻξôܣп϶з֪ԭڣֻõǲּ棬ȴûһΡ
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Ȼҿ϶ĬѾ˾κˣ𾪵˼㡣
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ǰ뿪ɡĬ૵Ȼʧ¿ȥ
뿪֮ʣĬ΢΢㣬Ǳǲ˴޾һۣԼ䣬һ
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棬Ƿ·بŴڵ޾գһƺƵ֪жôĴӣԼĹɣ˳һȥ
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鲼ڲ˴֮ģ޾Ĺ⣬޾֮
ӴޱȵĹâӣȫļޣ˴һ磬һ߼磬ޱߣǺεȵӴȻâ֮Уȴ΢ͬеһ΢ˮ顣
âӣͷҲڲ˴ڣĿȥâӴҲδ
˵ǳӣҲǷĳжϡ
âӣ÷뵽˻߸ϵӣӴĳ⡣
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Ȼ磬ֻƺһϡ
ⰡջĿ⣬¶ɻ֮ɫ
˵ʵ˴Դ֮أĿǰ׼ȷ˵ԴӵḶ́ⲻˡ
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Ϣжϣı˵ػǧ
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ڸֵģ飬ᱻڴڡ
ͬһӦ˶ĽĳɳҪۣȫȡڣԲ˴֪Լ籾Դܱ⡣
Ĭ뿪ǰĵѹ飬һ֮޳ңҪԶ
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ĬҲ֪֮٣ֻ֪ƾ飬ڶ淨һսУʩչ֮ĬȻϲҲܲ²кܴĿܣ̴У淨
֮⣬Ĭ֪߾磬ԻֵķΧΪǸ磬ԼԶĬԳһľ磬Ǵʱһȫӳ֣ޱȵ档
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Ҳгɹģʱ飬ȻһӰûʵ壬Ѿֳ˴ɽòҲ֡
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챾УٶȾ˵кܸܶ࣬ϷԶҲУʵҲ̬ͬıûôˣٷΣûԴӱ׷ɱѡ
ѡչصƬȻҪ߼ǽıҲ洦ɼģɫɢʱֺ̣ܶȻɢٶȳô̵ʱڣҲû̫ıǼֻıѾһˡ
ڸ߲ͱ￪սȻʲôǵѡ񡣡ٶȴߵ£˺Щľ룬̲ס˿
Ϊ˲ԼʵޣԼɫĻҲѡͱ￪ս
ղǡֻӵнľ޵ķӦ¶ɫȻԷڽнǵ׵һ࣬Ҳˣ˵оĺƱԴ֮û˵Է
ǿԶǣһƱԴ֮һ΢С鷳
Ϊ̫ٻıԴ֮ϣ̺Žڵһ˿Ϣ𣿡Щ
̫ٻԴԽڵһ˿ڵϢҲȻ˿Ϣˡ
һˣ¸ӦǱܸӦڵϢλϵľ޴࣬öԷµ˼㡣
֮⣬벻Ŀܡ
ϱһЦЦҲû̫⡣
ϱܸСƣҲҪ˴˼ʵ಻̫У졣
ɱɢĻЧǳĺء
ع;Уоա
ٶȺܿ죬һ·û˿飬ϾûоɫĲ㣬ɱ˲ٱҲѪ죬˱д
һս󣬷ص˽㣬ٶ뿪˻죬ǳ˿
ɫʲôڳϲɫⲻʲô⣬Ǳ˵ؼء
Ҳļ麣
ɫûıﱩȻ麣ͻ첻ͬҲѱ麣ıҲ
ع֮ĵڲ˴˼죬մȾĲ㣬ŻɢȥҲûκھɫУǸС磬㵹ǲڻй
򣬷ûпܣȻӻ
ûκ󣬷Žռ䣬ǰ麣ͨ



969 Ƽ
ʱ꣬ϴν麣ıͻƣμֱڣûٴν麣
˵ڵǶ֮ʱռҲõСôͨ麣ͻҲףҪϣ̫ԶԶ麣ҲʹͨĴۣԶ麣ȻԸ˷ѣ麣ǱߣҲûʲôҪ£Ҳûȥ
麣ޱߵĴ󺣣浽˼˼ɾ˿
ڵʵ麣ǰ죬ֻҪǵù㣬ͲκΣա
ᳵ·Ľ죬˴ͷ½
ǡ
տʼʱ򣬷ЩܿȻЦЦ
Ҫ˵ڲ˴Ľ֮Щ׹ռҵĻ»ǵжڸˡĴĬĬġ
˵ռһǶ
ʵûҪ
ռҵʵȷʵǿޱȣ㷽ڲ˴ڣҲǵĶ֣磬Ԫ磬ռҸ㲻ʲôԪҲʲôǵӰԶԶ첻
˵ǲ֪ĳˡ
һΪҪ⣬֮ǰҲû뵽Ƚ麣̤ǺɣͻȻӦ
Ǿǣռҵ˴󶯸ɸ꣬Ҫ˴磬Ǹϵطȴֲ˴ʧ
ǻô룿
Էĵϸ˽һЩģĬĬܽ͸¶ռҡ
ҵĻ»Ϊʥˡ΢΢Ц
˵Ƿ漣˴Դ֮أ¾Ĭ룬˵ռˡ
ǽ˴ߣԴ֮أֻʥֲܰ쵽
ֻҪ뵽Ȼܻ̣ý֮λвʱֳǿӲ
룬ռȻȻĻ²⣬ıվһʥ
һӣҲĿŵĶԷʵʲǿҲ쳣СĽΨּŭܴڵʥ
һ֪ڼ¥ĸ߼¶ʱǵõ֤
ûκ쳣
ķռͨҲֻΪͬͬգôôɺˣ롣
һûˡЦ
ҲǼ겻ˣЩ򣬼ʮ˵ôʱ䣬κĸо
ڻҵһȴϲûе飬ܿ˵Լ⡣
һʱͶһâֳɫĪ˿ȥ
ⶫ㡭ȵȡʹ˼£ͻȻ뵽ʲôɫ䣬æհ˼£һĻ𣬽
ҷӦ죬ûʲôɫЩףǼҲ߳˺顣
΢֪ϳ˾ɫŻôķӦ
Ǳһ֧ŵ¥ʶ㣬ʶʤԶǷܱġ
ǣʵ
ܻû뵽㾹ȻܵõعĿ⣬˼ȵľ졣
һ£˹Ŀ࿴⣬Ȼܻ𾪣Ҫ֮ϡ
ܻʲôá
ʵܻãֻԸ߲ıá˵Ҳ֪Щڸ߲֮УǿޱȣҲ㣬Ҳûʲô֮Ҫߵľ磬ӵиǿʵͱ̷Ķǹ⿿֮ԶԶڻۣһĳ̶Ⱥ󣬱ҲƿΪǿƣҪͻƿǧѣ֪Ҫ۶ꡣ
Ȼڸ߲磬Ҳţܰ˳ͻƿڣҲͻƵļʣܻеһ֡
΢΢ͷ뵽˱̾ĳȻ
ۣܻͻƣȻǲΨһڸ߲绹ͬõĶ
㵽ôõܻģⶫжô֪֪ԶԶĵرܻʢ֮ǰûʲô󶯾ģһʢֶص̾ͻᴫǰᣬǹϵܷ˳ͻƵĹؼôܲ񣬸ղҵĶһ㣬㴫ĸԶ¾ͻ﹥½ˡĿĶŷоǲ˼顣
ĳ붼£ܻ֮ôΪһͻᱻ̵ãҵܻҲĶ֣òѡ
㾹Ȼܵõһܻҿȥ𣬲˼飬̫˼ˡ
𾪣̫
ˡЦЦȻֻܺԱãֵҲһ㡣
ô˵ܻã󡣡ҡҡͷǳ÷ʱҲû˵ԷҲΪ˽⣬֪ԼС˼ܳɹɴʵʵ˵
ģܻԱǺεҪʱֻ̣Ҫ׳ܻԲбٴ㣬ȫȥܻˣǶһϳ֣Ի˳ۣҪ֪ⶫ¥ǵķֲɶûеġ͵
˵ͷ
ûʲôҪ
ʱգɽͶԷãΣķǿıеĸ߲磬ٶҲΪƾӵܻֵ֪
ܻãһҪֵĻԽҴΪש׾ӵнڳǵʸ񡣡˵
ڳǡĿһ
Ҫ˵ļֵڣڳˣʮ󶥼硣
ҪڳǣǼΪѵģǹǮܰ쵽
ڳǣԶĴǵģǲһεģԽӴһЩϡ淨ǽʮ󶥼硣ŷ˵š
˵ʮ󶥼λ÷ǳ⣬ͨ£ûнĿܣֻͨһЩܽʮĴ硣
ǵ޵Ǹ߲磬Ǹ߲ٺãҲǵ磬ڱߣһԶܸı䣬ǵޣǱߣҪһΪ̨磬Ĵ硣
ջޱ
̨ϣųԼĹâ£Ƿǳġ
Ȼ
ĬĻǵڶ˵ʮ󶥼ôˡ
ֻ붥ֺô÷ĶģڳǣܵõϣԼ淨



970 ʸ
ܽ붥磬Ȼٺòڶ࣬÷òĶ
ǵޣʽҪ߲Уڲڶϵ󣬲Ϊڶ磬߲ʱ򣬾ͻĲͬ
÷ĶģǶյϣ淨֮ࡣ
ͷ˶ۺܺܶ࣬Դӡȵȣǲȥ磬Ҳڻᱻû
࣬ȴȱٶǵ֪
֪ߵĵرôһ£ֳɳû⣬֪Դ֮صܣ淨
ڵķڱɽȴȱȥǵ۾ĿǰǷȱġ
ңҲĴ˼ɡ
Ͼϵ̫࣬ǽĬҪ󣬻ǶƼ붥ĻȻڵûѡģϾǲƽԼûô顣
ǷԸ£ΪĳЩһԱ̫ࡣ
֪Ĵ羹ȻԴ֮أеȻпܳɳΪߵĵرȵȡ࣬ǶԷİΣһв
𶥼ǿߣʵȻ㲻ʲô޷ԪԼ𱳺⣬֣ûǿжȡһеطҲһδ֪Ͼߣҳ϶ȣһ˲߿ɱԣǿжȡĻǽ֪
ǲôӱ
չһδ֪֮
ϣԼ˺δһ֮䣬ҲΪˣйǣûмڽ붥ѰȥˣҲҪһһ죬ߣһѵõĻᡣ
ʮ󶥼磬ߣ̫ģȻӦģǻǵϡ淨֮ҲԶܺͶȣķ˵ȴ㹻ˡ
һѵõĻᣬڳǡת
Щ
¥һ磬Ϊ¥Ƿֲĸ߼£һƼڳǵʸ񡣡
˵˶٣ŷһֱûʲôʵѡʸһֱţҼУпܳɹġ
⻰˵ĺ棬˵Ҳôġ
ǣƼʸˣԶֹһȻܽӴˣҲһǾš
Ŀֱŷ
˵ʵһʼʱҲûн㿴̫أǴΣεܻ㶼ҹĿ࿴
Ҳˣٶȣܻܴڶ౾ΧɱҪĲǿʵ
Ūһܻʵ֪ô̵ʱʵͻͽǱҲӹɣҲö
ƼɹڳǣǶҲܻĺôǶԷǶԼ
ܽڳǣȻٺòܻۣм䣬ɢľɫһ
û⣬Ͼܻڸ߲磬Ǵһ֪ʹõõĻܻܾȵģһ᲻ҲǷǳ
ܻשģֱӽڳǣõĻֻҵƼʸ񣬷ͨ飬ʸ񡣡˵
ԼݣԼģ¥ֲкüµģ˵¥ķֲҲһͬӵƼʸģҲв٣¥
Ƽʸ֮ᣬ붼֪
ҲǶһֱûʹƼʸԭ򣬱ϾֻһΣɹǾͿˡ
Ҫһ¡룬ûϸ𰸡
á˵ͷҲļ

ǣһ֮С
ŸԼǰ飬ϡԿܻӰӡ
ܻԭ򲢲Ƕ˵ܱĻҲҪ
ֻܻԱãδءĿ䡣
Ҳųƣ֮ҩ֮ҩǷ꣬Дִ֮˵е
Д֮Դ壬ÿһ޵岻ͬҪД֮ҪҲ죬޷ˡ
ܻҪţͻƵД֮㣬ֻϧڵĻۻڣֻԺ󡣡ܻ϶죬ȻпܶԼãȻͳȥ
Д֮ͻƵ㣬ԷʵҲһ췭ظĽ
ǸƼʸɣͨ顣
˾΢ջڡ



971 ֮
ա
¥˶
ǵôˣ΢Ц
׼ǸƼʸ񡣡û˵ʲôϻֱ˵
ԣ̾˿
Ҿ֪
ܻ̫ˣ᲻ú޲ǶԼžĵģҲڽսηһ飬ȻڳǵĿǺεȼѣȻûۼʶҲš
ȻˣǺðɣ¿ʧܣҲʹܻڳǵĻᣬһʧһЩûȰ˵ܻһʧܲԶʧȥᣬҲܽԼΨһƼʸɷȥðա
ڳǵĿ鲻ʱضеģǶڷһºڳǻṫݡ󲻾ã뿪ˣ󣬴Ϣ
һº󣬷ٹɣڼòҪ뿪ǡصڳǵĿǳѣҪȫԸ
ʱ˵㣬÷Ȼȥһˣ麣õ״̬ӭս
ҲҪ׼һ¡ء
ʱٹ˵ͷվ
ǣһޱ߹Ƶɽĵط麣ų⣬ֻҪСıܿתʱٵѹˡ
һ¡
ں麣ų⣬ʱڽ۳麣ͶӰԴԴ麣麣ųʱ䣬ҲѾӳ£ʱһκζѹҲ
һ죬ûе飬˼ˣʱ仹ܳ
ǲܴ⣬ҪȫԸûеΪ֪ݣǱˣƣǱȴûưˡ
麣˭֪ݻء
պ󣬷뿪ǣһƫƧ
һ£ĵطֻһǣѹƣȴ޷ԡ
ָᵯһâӷڷɳǰ
ǿЩâӿ·麣ˮҲŸıﲻðͷ
ĵر
ЩâÿһĵرĵرǷδսеսƷǶѾܷʹ¡
ڵľ磬ʹĵر֪ǲġڻͻΪ쾳ں󣬷ֱδж
ʵѡ񣬽쾳ں󣬴¯ҲӦĳɳþʱ֮ĵرһЩӳǿʵһѡ񣬾ʹõĵرˡ
ֻһԺ󣬷ܿѡ˷ǰһѡ
¯ĵرڻ٣֮ԴḶ́ʹģҪĵر֮Դһ֣Ĵľˣͣûô
ĺ棬ȡ
Ŀǰʹõĵر̫ٻ𳬹ȼޣı仯Դڽڵ¯ЧģĵرٶȣⲢǲɴģҷҲб˼·Ҳûô¯ʱ֣֮ĵرΪ⣬׼
ʹһĵرɡҡҡͷջĿǰĵرϡ
Щĵر棬ǿģȻԶˡ
۴Ķľޣǿĵرںͷľ䣬Ȼ𡢷һ뿪˲˴磬ĵرȻܻȥ
ԶȻĵرҲǲһЩӵгǿķҲ
ʹõĻȻʵ
΢︡һƵɫ棬ʱֵ֮Ҳ֮ڻһγһɫĻҫԡ
ţ֣ЩĵرУһСɵȥɢĹâ˷ڣ˵ɫڣʼڻ㡣
ȻʱɫͻȻұǷƵģѺ۳ڻϡ
~
ƽָ˵ɫ򣬽˲
ʧˡ
Զ̫ǿƿصķΧ
֪ʲô˴˼гͻݣҪͬʱƿĵرҪǣԶĵȼ̫ߡ
ԽǿĵرҪƿصѶҲԽ
ͬĵر̫ٻһȼģô֮󣬽ԶԶ̫ٻ𡢾ʱֵ֮ϣҪƿصѶҲǴĳ񣬿·˽쾳۷壬ܷ쵽δ֪
ͬʱʹõĵرԽԽãⲻǼ򵥵ӡ
ĵرͬʱʹòС
û٣ǵһƵɫ棬ţʱֵ֮أԶ˽ȥ뵭ɫڣƻʱͳһͼڻΪһͣţûƬȶԼ˼ӺǱ
ҡҡͷָ
Զ̫ٻ̫ǿˣټһĵرҵƿرԵʵǺܲģ޷ƿصӰ쵽ʵķӡ
һΣֻʹ̫ٻԶûбεĻȶһּ᲻ɴݵĸоᵯָʱ˺棬һˣ޾
ֻʹĵرеȻԶǿʵϣȴǽ˷ʵԶûоʱֺ֮á
̫ٻǷǿĵرҲĺģֻܷܷԶ̫ٻΪģĵر
Ŀ⣬ʣļĵرϣЩĵر;ʱ֮һȼԶ
һĵرǺ̫ٻֱͻģ̾ͱһѡգĿֽ꣬ĵرȫ
һ磬渡ڵ㣬һּΪΣյĸо
֮硣
ĵر֣ǿǣ
׵Ļ𣬴ӱһּǿֻĵرĵȼžķӡ
Ǵӵһϣõ֮ģһ׼˫ֻʱķȻǽǿߣʵԶԶһȥֱĵرҲ뷽
ƣ߲ͻˡһſµʱ˷ڡ
ָһƻ棬󣬷ĵر룬һ֣֣֡
һ֮磬һ˿ڹķ룬Ѹͳ˻򣬱˼£ȶ
ˡ¶Цݡ
֮ĵȼߣʹͬʱʹĵر룬Ϊʵ



972 
~
һӳֲĹɨɢ
۾΢΢𣬷ע⵽ڹı棬Щϸܵĺڵ㣬;һУǿޱȡ
ϣɽľ˱һڿз׷ױջ߱𣬻Ϊ޾ɢݿ
Ͼ麣ﻹ죬һƣȥԶûڴǰأʵϵȴԶԶ
׼۷壬˫óһ
ѾǣǿˣͻƵ̫ٻǰҲˡ
ڣûнκˣľ磬ҲǸ쾳ڣʹﵽ˵ز
⣬ûһĵر󣬾ͻһԾΪǲʵϾ׼ͽ֮ر𣬼֮󣬷ʵһѾǷǳˡ
ʹ˵Ļǿ
˵ãŷʵ;ԽԽĿǰһɱ
κ֮λȻռңĺֵ૵
չĻڵͬʱʹĵرӦû٣ǵ˽֮λõĪĺôͻͽոͻƵ쾳ڣҪ
ûȥˡ
һ뿪

һʱܿȥ
Ͷϡ
ȥڳǣȡ񡣡˵
š˵ͷҲЩǵڳǽأѹƵǰ£޷롣
ǵĻǷǶϤСʱһǽǰ渡ĪϢǣӴعǽڳǺǡ
ȻڳǵܲϵڳȴҲûȥǰصĹǽҲǽ̾
һһɫƳڶϣƱûֵ̫֮ģȻǺعǽһģһϢȻҪ
ɫƣв֮ɫһžȫǼ㣬֣úɫعǽһ
ž~
ɫɷĩⱾһԵʹƷƼʸҲֻһΡ
Щʧ䣬һâӷĩмס˶ͷ
ߡ
ٲͶһǰʱعǽֹǣǴйȥȴ֪жĹǽֵĹâҲʧ
ڽˣڳǡ𷢳һ̾Ϣ
ĿɨڳǣҪȴһá
ûκν¶ǰ
ֻһֺӴĹ񷴹䣬ǰʤ֣ȴС
ЩдСͬΪֺ׳ģߵױȵĹ·ڳ֮УԶ
ڳǣ˳ڳǵĽ֮࣬Щ֮С
μӿģһ۵ǡ
ǣ¥ֲһ߼¶һƼڳǵʸ񡣡عæ
ûʸҲӵ
ڲڳǵʽԱҪߣΣա
һ󣬰Ӳˣֱǰ·
Ŀ¶ѯ֮ɫ
˵ͷԿ϶Ȼǵһ֪֪нȥĿĵء
طԶӺ͵ˣˣ̤һ֮С
ǰľѸٱ仯ǰģͬһС磬һƬգλãһӴĹӦþĿĵء
˽£âӿ֣ʯ̨˿ٷ򹬵
Ϲ֮󣬰˽һƫź󣬾뿪ˡ
ҪһᣬڽշǰǺܿ϶˵
˵ǣƼʸڶ࣬ǾһԵģȻأʹãǶڷģʱһȡ˶ûУҲʱ򣬻ͬʱμӡ
һΣǺһ
ǰӽǰһ飬һƼߣһǿߡ
һ˽ͻȻڵվ¶֮ɫͺУһӺݺݵš
նεģǵﶼ蹷ӳ˳ǣ
ⲻ˶õģӡػ
֮·е⽣Ӱ
ˣ˵ϻɡӵû֮ǹһڣƫҲ˸ҵ
ĵĵһᣬͻȻƫһţâ䣬渡ֳһɫ˰ϡ
˵Ŀʱɫᣬû´ĻӦþǿˡ



973 
ɫᣬͶƽеĽ֮ɫȴ˭ܿӣһ˫ֶ΢΢һݺѶȣǹϵܷͨ飬ǲӡ
Ŀ£ƽչɫᣬɨһۡ
Ⱦɫʱϡ
ı飬˵඼Ǻݺݳ鴤£оЩ
û뵽Ļ񡣡ƽϾ²ؼһˣȶ޷֪
ƺ̫ɬʿˮʱҲû˼ȥȡЦԷ
ȻбѡֶΣ֤һܽڳǣ˼ͷһģϣͨ롣
ϾǾƼʸɵģĹĪ󣬿ܻĹ;Ϳпˡ
ʲô
ﶼɻ
빫ɡƽڳˣҲֻûжٱ䶯ǶԼľģǧʤ޵
һ㶣ԺĿ˷һۣҲûйӡ
ǻǲҰЩֻЦӹ˴𰸣һףɫƣڿУչ
âתɫԿһ֣·ǻƵģûϳ⣬ִ˼
񣺽麣죬Ѱҿ񡣡
棬һķţ˼ǣ1
麣죡
ݣƫڶʱһĳţ˵ɫЩ԰ףˣΪʲôΪӦʶİӣʱҲ¶Ⱦɫ
졣
ο񣬾ȻҪǽ졭
ǿǱ̫ĵطʮ󶥼磬麣ǣҲλ졣
麣죬ıҲ
ƫڣ˷ˣɫޱѿЦ
ڳǵĿ񣬻ϿԷֳĸ𣺶Կ࣬̽࣬Լࡣӵ˵
Կ಻˵ǲμӿ˻սʤߣֻһˣڳǻɳӦս򵥵ĿֻҪʵǿͨ
̽;Ծ͸һЩȻҲһЩǰָһδ֪òȥ̽ߵʽȽ϶࣬ûй̶ģͨһȺ˳Ƿͨ飬˵ࡣ
Ц
ѵĿ񣬽Ҳߣǰϣǽӵ񣬾ڶ࿼棬ѵļ֮һû뵽αˡֻζ淢ԣ˵Ŀ⣬ҲһЩ
˶٣ӽľҲְ˵ɫĸѿ
ǶԿࡢ̽;ĽϣҪһ֣ʸ죬ǶԿݣҪѰҵĿһλһδ֪̽ݣǸ1ķţ˵ܲμж٣ʤˣֻһˣҲȴſˣǾݡ
һ񣬰ݣѶȿ֪ص㻹麣죬ϼѣѵ֮һ֮
ǧ࣬һĵõ񣬻δͨΪʤֻһˡ
⡭Ҳ̫ˣȻһôɡνҪҪ죬ʵ̫Σˡ
λǿһλľ׳ӣһͷɫ̷黹򶨣Ҳ¶ΪȻѶ̫󣬳ֺá
ǡҲʾ
ǵ£ֻ𷢲񡣡ʼ硣
ˣѾھͿǵѡˡζĿˣһ䣬ǿԷƼʸϣָܻһβμӿ飬ѶȻһΪһǷǳҪҵ񣬵һص⣬жҪ󣬱ɱٱ֮࡭ǶǷĳͷԽ࣬ͷԽأõİ취һͨ
˵˿Ĺ
һʧܾԶʧȥᣬгͷڣʧܵԽ࣬ҪڳǵĻԽͣһӹɡ
˵ǵѡ񣬽Ƿӿˡ
ƫ棬Ĭһ¡
ѡϷûпӣ
⻰һӵɫĸӲ԰ףޱȵʹĵλͶ࣬ҲֻһƼʸ񣬺òҵһʵѡȴƫƫùߵ˶ֻܹԹñˡ
˵ϷӺЭ飬ʧֲܻһЩʧչǿˡ
ٶˣҲòȥܿͬù뵽ӵҲƽ
ʱҲѡ˷иƶ
û̫⡣
ҽܡһƽͻȻ
ţ

˶סˣЩԼǲˡ
ҽ񡣡ǰһظһ顣
˵Ŀⶼڷϡ
񣿡¶죬Ŀ۷̲ס˵ˣҪ֪ͱɣ֮ǰ޷ܱĿ񣬵ȻʧܵĻֻۣһ˽񣬳ûбѡ񡣡
Ȼǿ񣬿Ѷʽ֮ڣһ۷ǿߣδܳɹȷҪܣٶȷһ䡣
һ۷壿
û˵ʲôָ̽һâڷǰһСɵľ壬һЩϡ
ڣʵ֣ǺձԵϣ͸ɡӵ
л˾壬ûмȥ
Σһһԡ˵Ҳʵ뷨麣죬ԷǺģҪ겻Ҳܻ·
Ҫ嶯ˣĵģǷΣգΪõܻ겻ֶܻǾ͵òʧˡ
Цаڣ˵ʲôƵĻͲмȴ˭ĳ
ûˣȻԼĿ
ȻԼѡǺðɡȻ죬Ҳûж˵ʲôѾϵ˵ˣȻѡҲϻ
ֺڴ籨ӵ
£˴磬
һֺ֮ڣǲķҲӰľ
áӵ˵ͷһâϢɫڡ
ɫỺ£»Ϊһâƿնȥ



974 ϣǴ˵
ǽй貽ȡǲͲǧζڳרŷСĵطȻǽܵĽǽڳǵĿֻƫС
Ƿʽڡ
һâ䣬ɫڼλ貽ĸ߲ǰ
ǿ񡣡һŮЦУɫʱɵǰչ
ĿƳһۣŮü
⣿ʵ
ȥѰҿǸ񣬾Ȼ˽ˡŮɻ
ιҼǵѵһȤҪɫᣬģҲ֪ΪѶȵ⣬Ҳ⡣
ǡ
˴磬ǽȡˡһâ
ҸҴģһ겻ɣʽ棬ҲһѶȵģͲ÷ŵȥ
δأ˼ҼȻҽӣһİա
۷׷ס
ȡҿ׵ӲȡɫᣬߣλҲߡ
е˼Ӳ¶Ȥɫָοá
ѵļȻѶȺܴ󣬵Ҳ˽ӣҲɣֻ񣬹ļΣû˽ȡʼûб䶯ڷҲǸ¡
˽ˣǸӲɫ΢Ǻ볷񣬲ԶĴڿ棬ԷѪľٶ˭˵Уһֱû˸ҽӣҲҲڡ
ҲͰˣûɣҲԽˣƵʽ棬ʵǿȥɡ
ɣĽȻμӵˣ붼룬ţ⿿ǻʧҲΪڣһЩȡ񣬸ǣ԰ΪޣûϣΪʧҲгͷΪ˱Ӳǲ
ǡŮӵ˵ͷ˳ȥ

󣬰ӾͲˡ
նεģС͵ɷʴһװͷʲôûõΪ֪ߵغЦ⵽ԣĴһ䡣
ġ
ǾһԿ㻹ҵλ֡ôͨѵĿİɡ۾ڴ
һۣûᡣ
һЦӴϷ׼뿪Ȼʱӽסǡ
ǼȵȡޱסӵˣҸսӵĸȡûѡأӴˣڳǾܾĻ
ӵĻղŻֻӶʱɵˡ

ӹµڳҪμӣиǰ
˵ͿһزӲλ˵ǿС£û˻顣
ʲôЩͷԡ
ͻȻ䣬ѡͱǿԵ񣬳˷⣬ɫЩÿȻ¹涨УΪޣԼʧûͷǷɲ٣ҲǾ
貽Щ߲뷨Ȼ޴ֻ֪ҪѡҲˡ
һ£Ǹˡüԭûޣֻһ˽УǼ򵥵Ķ࣬ھͲһˡ
ҲȷʵĶ
Զ˵ʤĻõƼʸԼʽģۻĹͺһεľ޴ԳΪڵǸ¥ֲĸˣλߡ
Ƕ׷ǶˣǸλãҲˡ
ڷɿĻ˳ڳǣΪһԱ⣬ܵõǵĺۡһԼһʻ֡
Ұ˽󣬷֪Щֵá
ڳȷʵϣ淨Լ붥ĻȵȣЩƽ޹ʵĸ㣬ҪһĻȥȡ
ͨȡȻǵͨûҲܻǸһ˱
ܶԲ߻ƼˣĪĺôȻǰǣʤ
û̫䶯ջʤģȻֻһˡ
ʼ뿪һóһЩһҪӮҧǧѷĻᣬ
һߡ
жٰգϷӡ
֮ǰӣǲ˷ʱ䡣ϷӵĮȫֵ֧Ļʤļʺܴ󡣡
áһĴȡ
˴ӰõһʱڳǵʹҴ뿪ˡ
¥
ȥ׼ˣһȡ˰ö壬˽ȥ
һӴ϶ʱڷǰ֣ʮĸ壬ڷǰ
£ǷˣϣǴ˵



975 
£ǷˣϣǴ˵ɫ΢ʮĸֻζ˼飬оеĴ硣
濴ȥ
˵ϣǶʵ֣ڳǣ˾֪ģǳʶҲҪȡŻ󷽵ͳ
ʵ֣ǰ˽⵽ģֹϵֲһЩ֪ϵȱʧ
ԭˡ
κ󣬷ջ¶֮ɫ
ʵ֣ǰĲֺͷ֪û𣬿ڽһͲһˡ
ǵûнһ
λ񣬶ǵȼֻһܱ֮ǽ
һȼģ죬Ͼ죬һ쵽ʮ죬ԽԽǿ
ÿһ죬ϸֳɳڡں۷˴˼Ҳż֮࣬䣬˵ر𣬲ǳĴһ˵
ʮϣǴ˵
˵ʥǴ˵һȼ
ڴ˵ϣûбĵȼͲö֪ˣҲûмأ˵Ӧò۷ˣ㲻ҲԶ
ķַǷǳȷǲ֪ǲǴ麣ЩСЦЦ
麣м죬֪
ϣԷİǲСģʵָˡ
;ãЩģΪһ֮ͷһ֮Ľǿǿ
һ֮ȥӦñȲһ֮Ҫǿ࣬յһ֮ģʵȴʮֵ΢ԼڹȻǿޱȣһ뿪ͻήͺüΣԶ粻һ֮ʵȴǿޱȵĽǿߵĶ֣Ի֣˷ֲ
ڽȼȥλݣһ֮ܶˡ
еʵ֣Կ϶ַַʮ󶥼磬硣
ڲ˴Ļڵĵȼ֪ĸΣҪ˵Ƕ죬»ǡ
ÿһĲ඼ǳ
ˣսԼԼӦöһ죬Ȼڲ˴ڣһȼˣĬԼڵʵȥ˵ʵĻһ۷壬ǶڣߵĿԸ
£Ƿˣڶǽ׼ҲǷˣֻпһȼһǿߡ
˵Ҫһ۷ǿߣδܳɹɼѶ֮󡣡ԭһʲôôڲǵһҲûʲôڡ
麣Լƣܱȵġ

ǣһۡڡ
ϡ
ϡ
һµĹ̤ۡϳϣ·˷׷׹һλŮӭ
ˣʵ
ǡŮͷ
ûж˵ʲô߽鷿һӵţʶˣϾͻϳⰫǹ貽ĸ߲֮һ
ٸ硣վ
ʲô£ôİҽлüԼλ
ҽڹ貽һˣзԲ˴硣ӵ

һ֣ԭʱһɨգ˶ޱȵĺâȷûϴзԲ˴硣
ӵ˵ͷЩɻ󣺡ҹעûһзģô£
ûˣҼǵںϵЩ棬һвˡҧ¶к⡣
۰ӣ˵ߣз鲻˽⣬ⷽǵĳңɱ̣Ͼռϣ
£Ҳ˴Ľ֮Լ֮꾡˵һ顣
˵Ҳɫã¶޾ʹޡ
ܳɹΪʥӣռҽǿߣҲܾ޴ĺôȡӲ߳Ϊ貽Ҳڻ¡
Ĵûᣬô˰βޡ
һϣҧгݡ
ҿ㣬Ǿûôҵٳ
ռҵǿԪҲŲϺţ˵Ӱ쵽ˣ貽߲λãҲȫһƴģռҲﲻˡ
ҲͰˣĻȻܽڳǣðڳǶţȻ˳ɹ
ô죿֪ͨǱߣɳֹɵʵ
У̫󣬶ʱҲһڷļɵη壺ˣСӱкܴĿվһʥԸҪ
緽ϣռҵɱ˴磬ȴûпӦôĴ磬ʱһһܵĵ飬յóĽۣΪһλʥ˫йϵռޱȼɵ
̫⣬λʥע⣬ŭʥԷָ䣬ܽռĨȥ
ռңԶԶܲһλʥŭ
һҪһҪɱ
ǣһҪѡʵĻᣬҪ̫Ķղɷݷȴᡣ
ǺʵĻᣬ麣Ǹ߲磬һԳμⳡ񣬵ȵ麣죬һһɵѾ⡣
ҲǣٸŸûãʱûڳǣһᡣ۾ҲЩԶˣʵϣ죬κο飬ֱӾܽڳǣʵһЩģҲŪһЩĴֻߴڳǵȵȣˣкܶȨ
μӿ񣿶Щ˵ǲмһˣҪôˣǵݣΪȦڵЦ
ǽڣŴԪǵģʵ£ֱڣֲȥμӿˣǾʱǣȴаڳӦҪŪҲһЩ
ˣǻв١
ԭٻЩգʱȴ
οĽ߲٣ȥμӵĻǿҲ˵ùȥȻЩˣҲ˲ôˡЦһ۷壬ڿ棬ǾԵ޵УжǿߣңиǿҲνҵĿǷ
С꣬ǧųʱʵ֮ϣҲ޿κΣŽ꣬ȻܽܽȥδܳһڣҲһڣ׼ɱ¶䣬ҲΪսʤһ̣޵𣿡
ٵʵԶ֮ϡ
ܱʥУǱԼǸ͵ʵ٣Ȼǿ󣬿ʮǰ̫Ǳ羡޷ٽһͬĻһָܸɵ
ϴѩռҳʱˡٺͰоǺâ



976 ʼ
ʱ䣬һζ
ͶվڸڳǺǵعǽ֮⡣
ʱˡһסǧҪǿ̫Σ˻Ҳûʲôɶ˵ġ
ˣ㻹к·ߡֹ˵ģ÷رסܻŷ˼
İɡ
ҲһЩ׼ԼҺ˳ֻȻ¥ֲĸ߼£ʶ챦ЩģԷЩõģȿ
Σⷽˡ
񼴽ʼûиȥƼʸѾõǷˡ
ӡ
Ŀɨ΢΢һڹǽԶӺϷӣҲڲʱ䵽ǣ½˽ڳǣȻμεĿġ
¶֮ɫڷȥ֮ǰѹ˵һ䣺лĻͰҰƼʹһ١
ЦЦҲ˽⵽ˣ֮ĶԹ޷һЩһЩݱޡƽǸƳһۣϷҲ˹¶һƵı飬ż
ǺǡҡҡͷջĿ⣬ӿһâǽڳǡ
һߣϷҲ˽ȥ
صĽŲӺ洫Ϸ׷ھʱ΢΢һ٣ĿͶ˹
ҴӦӣҪѵһ٣СӣҪҡ
仰ϷҲһֱۣ˹ȥ
ڣѹƣǿǷ;磬ȴױ
һ쾳ޣʲô⣿

貽
μӿˣ඼Ѿˡ
˹죬ǿƲμӵķ⣬нǰ
Ȼⲻ˵ʸܿģֻˣǹ貽ĸ߲Ҳ̫š
˵Щ⣬չ飬Ҳһˡ
ηǵע⣬ҲȥһڵҲ˳Ϊֹˡ
Ҫ̫⣬ҲûǸҪ
˶ھĴŶԷҪЩ˶Լв²˵ǿ
ֻһʤߵ˶Ƕ֡
Ǻε֮ǿߣȻǿȴҲȱǿߡ
µˣܳ
ţ
Լ״̬ͻȻоһĿ⣬Լɨ
ƫڣĿܶ࣬Ҳ⣬һΣȻԷͣĽһ˲˲ŷɱ⣬ȴĸ֪
عͷĿƳһۣӰû˶ԷĿҵӦԡ
ƽջĿ⣬ᡣ

һ䣬¶һĨ⡣
˶ˡ˽οȻ
ˣ˵һ¹򡣡ӵƫ˵ע
֪εĿǶԿࡢ̽;ĽϣǵĿǽ죬ҵ񷵻ء
ֳ̣ܹ麣죬ҵ
ȵһǳÿˣʸμӵġЦƫˣЩĵ˵ͷ
ÿ˶ʸμӣʲô˼һüʵ
Ҳƫڴ˵ɻ
ݡ߹98ˣǱһ֣ܴȡһͼҲ˵ûʼᱻ̭һ롣
˶¶ɫ
ʼ֮ǰȻҪһɸѡ
ȻǿƵڣķҲĶϾһĿûٽģǽڳҲҪһ׿ʼ
ûϣڻûʼʱ򣬾ͱ̭
˵ĿⶼޱݺɨΧˣҪҳӣû˵ָ֣ɼѡֻ֣Ҫѡӣɹһء
˵Ҳǣʵķ˳ɣƽ׽麣һӵ
Ȼû˵Ǳ뷨Ĳ
ע⵽в˶Ŀ⣬ԼϣȻǰߣǸϷҲڡ
ɸѡǵһʤȡͼ뿪ͿԼˣעǣǶ麣̽ҲǷǳ٣λδ֪һλṩģǶҲ֪֮٣ʲôΣգ֪ɨˣӸ
˶صͷδ֪麣죬ΣԿ֪Ȼޣʧ޳ͷϷĽҲֵȥƴһѣҪΣշˡ
ˣϻ˵׼ʼɡӵ


977 һ

Ӱ˴һ޴Ĺ㳡ð̾ͣתصĹ⻪һּ᲻ɴݵĸо
𡣡Űӵһȣ㳡ţĽǵλãĸΰľһµصޣ֣ĪĹâĸɢݳѸ˹㳡ÿһ䣬˶С
΢о޴ڵӴѹȻʧΣǿϢϻɢ˳ܵѹơ
Ǵսڳרսĵط֮һǶǵѹƻᱻϳ㳡ˣڳһ֪ġ
սһԼǵƻӰ쵽Χ˲һ䡣
ҲǣˣߣҪڴս׼ǲķΧҲ̫ˣڸ߲磬ƻܵڳǿ϶ᱻϯȥǲġ
սĵطʺս
ûʲôս˶Χƻˣս˫ԣʲôͬ
һǿϢӾʮɢݳеļޱȵĿֲ˶Ϊ֮Ŀ
ƽʱΪѹƣǿʱżߡ
ȻϢʵǾԵĳȣҲ󣬶ܺһЩ˴˵ʵ
öǿߡоһЩǿϢ˶ǺȻɫ䡣
һ˵μӿģȫġ
ϣһǿΪܺŻֶģһµҲУҲͨļʲ
ε񣬾֮һһ£Ҳǿڣʧ޳ͷƼʸҲϵԭϣŻ֮ǿߣĶʱһ롣
£̫ˣǻûʤĿܡ
Ŀɨˡ
ʸڳǵģȻߣԵĹһ£û׼¡
мرĿ
һϰŽ𻷵꣬߰һ˿ķŮӣһɢ˷âĻӣĿ䡣
ϵϢ£ǸճһȦ˸ǡ
٣ûɢݳ̫ǿϢȻǲһʼ̫Ŀ
ӦûжǿߡĿɨһȦжҲ
Ȼ˿϶ʵû޷֪ΣҪĽ̡
ӵĿ⣬ڷͣһ£ɵõҡҡͷ
ԷһӡģϾǷһȡ񣬲Щ˵ĳ֣Ϊʵǲȥǵѹƺʮ棬һ㶼ۣЩʧ
ǲ֪Ŀ£Żȡ񡣡ƿĿ⣬ٹע
˶׼Ĳˣûе飬˿ʼ
ܼ򵥣һ˾뿪һ˿ս˲֣ϱȡʸ
㿪ϷЦһƳ˷һۣٲ
Ȼ˶ûǰ
Ķ֣ҡһµվ˷ǰ
СӼ˸ˡϷӰ㣬ӵ˲Լͬһ
¶֮ɫƳ۷ֽսĻظһ顣
俴һۣ˵ͷ
ⳡʤҾˡӴЦ֪Լʵ㣬ڹ貽ʱ򣬾ѡĿ꣬ȵ˴սҲǿ˷ǰ档
СӣΪã麣죬Ľ쾳ȥġ
δ˹ᣬϾûӺԥĳ֡
~
֮ɫӱһ˫ֽһ׳ĺɫŷݺһ¡
ɫ˳ӿ֣˷ȥȻڴս£׺ѸҲɿһǿ
С׼۷壬һûгߵĿܣȴһˡһ֣̾˿ӵʵ
ȻǶָ
һսûʲô
˶ƿĿ⣬ٹעӸ¶ɫ·ʤȯա
׼۷壬ȻĿԣǳб㻹ҲкüҶĿĻ˵гߵĿܣֻϧҡ
УһԼϡ
ûеȫˣԼʵ۷壬ǵһ֣ӵʵԶȫ
֣ΪֲϢȻӷ𣬷ɽХԶ֮ǰɢݵϢ
ãСӾȻʵ׵壬ܵޱУɫʱ䡣
һ̣չֳԶ
̫ٻϣһϢ֣ĵر˲ڻ㡣
~
һӳնӵĺɫϣǿй
ӵ飬һɾűޱȵĿ־壬·һֻޣһ޿ƥеϡ
~
һ죬еĺɫϳأ˶߷ݰ˳ȥһѪ͵˳žһӽ˴սԵһĻϣǱȥƵģ
һʤ
ʱ򣬰ӲŸոսʼ󲿷˶ھѡԼĿ꣬ûмŶֻ֣ٲֱ϶ӵ˲űϣôֳʤģȴһûС
ǵһʤߡ
ôܣԭ϶ӱʤһսûȫɵˡ
ΪӻӮҲΪ᲻һӦܺͶԷһᣬ֪һģӡ
ǵЩۣƺݺݳһ⡣
СʵһǿߡжǰҲֻǿߺͷ죬Ż֮Ĳࡣ
һڣе˼Ϸǣ¶ЩζɫȴƽʵŲ
ȻϡҲûмſעĻǷһսǰϸڣ
˵ڳУһϾԷ˽⡣
ӶʤˣǷսʤ̣˵ʥϹϵˡ
֣õʲôֶΣʵüͷ΢塣
û뵽ϣϾ޷ǹʶռҲ֪۳飬֪һ̵ܵ䣬Ĭǡ
һ˲£Ӻ󣬷ջˣһ֮ƿˣ˺жϳַʵľˡ
ôطǿʵİ취̫࣬ʱộ˭ܿ϶һ֡
ٶЩʹӣû»ǿһǿһЩȥͷһᣬܿһЩ˽һЩܣİҲһЩ
٣Ҳڲ²⣬û˲µ𰸣Ͼ󲿷ˣûעһսǷӦսѾˡ



978 
˺󣬷ٴαƽƽû˸СҲû̫ӣվˣһǶԼġ
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սҲǺܿ죬онķǳģһ˲ֳʤ˿ȷɵӰС
ϷһһӻҪǿӴѪ䣬̧ͷЩƵȴַûֱߵ˰ԡ
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ڵȻֱͨ麣Լ麣λá
麣쵽죬ÿһλöͬҪҵȻһѭض·ߡ
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˿λáλãԼλ⣬֣ͼûκѶϢ;Ҫٺ򣬶ٴ½ηֲĵȵȣһжûУհһƬ
ϸ룬ҲǺ
ڳǷУ̽ģ̽δ֪Щ̽ĵɶǹ屦ײй©麣ĵͼ͸˵ˣ̽Ķ٣ÿһ϶޼֮˵ڻûڳǣǼˣҪõӦĵͼûȥȡ
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ⳡֻһʤߣע˶Ƕ֣Աʱ򣬻ҪСı֡
Ȼʵ㱧һŵĻɹǰǲụϺȵģϾҪ
ԼģҲȥͱ˹Ķǡ
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Ǹֶΰɡ
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תۼ䣬ھҲûһֻ
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ŵɢЧ˽ڵϢ⣬ҲзչֳԶǵڣϾϢǲ˿ģ߽ϣ˾˵ЧһñĶӡ
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һߣȻ죬Ҫ㲻˵ˣſҲᱻжʧܡ
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λһǿɫףӵһ˵ƿԣĬ˻ᣬͻȻҧҧվߵ˺ǰձЩţΪ߳ŭĶ֮ʱȴǳϵӹһ
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˶һͣĿ¶ɡ
꣬ǲμǿ֮һϢޱȿֲҲһ۷ʵԶˣڳ棬û˸ҵ
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Д֮һ㣬ȻЩД֮ҪǺε֮ѡ
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һڣƺʲôƣСӹȻ׶Ը̧ͷޱء



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ˣɴ磬Сӣ׼һмӦ˵ǽӽһ۷ĳ̶ȡҲ̫ˣֿܡٸܣⳬ֪
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ӦĳطǸǿ淨üͷ΢žЦ淨Σ٣ɲЩڳǶȥܱȵģ淨ռҲС
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ҾͲţǸô̬صôˣеڶ껺ݺҧҧ͵վĿޱȱ䣬׻ܵһǻай˳
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䡣
һ䣬ǿĹɨԶž˴ĺ¡¡ˣͬʱԽڵϢҲ
Զž˵۾ȻԴ˵ĹϢһĿ־壬жʱ¶֮ɫ
ʧĻᣬӳֲԶžϣʱغ˺ס
Զž˻عӺ׸𣬷ͲӰ



983 ͻ
~
ֻӴԶž˴Ӻ׸𣬳ڷǰʱǷԣ̲סһ
ֱֻܷԶžĿͬҪɣԼϵģǲʼնͬһֻ
ƬЩԶž˵ľۼ㡣ֻԶž˺󣬷üͷ΢塣
ѾĵֻԶžˣòһ⡣
ֻǰڵصıؾ֮··Ҳǲԣ˭֪ķû쳣鷳鷳ǿı
ȵȡϵһֻԶž˵һ޵Ϥоʱ΢䡣
һǿŵͼľ³УһĶͼ
ΪͼǳļªһĿȻǰҲûע⣬ʱϸȥʱ֣ԿΪĻһȦޱߵĵ˽ȥȦ߷ǳأֻмһͼǼ䲻ۣ׾ͺԹȥ
ڻһֻԶžʱƺڽȦ󲻾á
ѵ˵ȦĵЩԶž˵ľۼأǵϳɫЩѿ
ģⳡȷʵ̫ˣڳǵʽ棬ҲкܶȲ
ͬʵıЩԶžѲˡ
治֪ŵ棬ǺξġҡҡͷϸϸĽͼһ飬ȷû©󣬷˳
ΣЩҲǷԼĲ²⣬޷϶ʵȦбҲ˵
񶯾ǰȥ
ֱߵĻʮڣܵڵأʵϣȻûô򵥡
һЩȺӵıͱá
鷳ģں׵ıǳǰ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣĺˮ᲻һֻ߶ֲֻ顣
׷ɱòǧػ񷴶ԶҲǺܳ¡
麣̫ˣСıＸûС
Ψһֵҵǣûг֣ǿܶܵ顣
ţˣ
򷢵һֻײıջ֮󣬷ɫͻȻһĿ˹ȥһ֧
ǲμӿЩˣڳǵˣ΢û뿪
ȻʵǿƣҪˣĽչҲ죬׷гЩˡ
ܿ죬֧ʱҲ˷˶ٺ߷˹
Ľˣ˳֧ˣȫһͬμӿģΪ׵ǺͷͻвϷӡ
֧湲ˣûλǿģҲǲһڣǵӣӦʱƴġ
ȻԿΪĿ꣬麣ǿĿº󣬲ò
ЩǱ̫ˣѪ߰ߣ㲣·ûϢһ㣬ϷŽƣ
㡣ϳǷϷӶʱ֮ɫһ
û뵽㾹ȻߵǲȻţͼǰɡϷòɵ˵
ҿû˵Ҫǡ
ʲô棬һüɢǿȻǾߣҪģǱ֪ıжǿ⿿һˣûл·
֮ǰΪ˶һȺȺӵıȥѡ·ߣڵλãǸսȦûԶЩ뵱ȻΪãû̫ǿı
ߣ֪ôԶžˣ֪һ˴ʲôˡһٸŮӵ
˵ϷӵŷĿⶸȻѵΪ룬󣿡
ûѡء
ڿʼǶеһԱˣҪ˵ʲôϻϷòɵˣ棬״̬ãطΣʱһ£ȥǰ̽·ʲôΣ̻ر
Ϸǿ÷ĿģҪһ⣬ģҪһڻңΪ̽·
û¶ɫԶԣѵȻӻһЩ
˵꣬Ҳ᷽ϷӵԹԵһ·ǳеĪѹᣬ麣Ŀ£ֱùġ
Ƭ̺
ʲôôȥ̽·һЩ𣬺ŭŷ·ûΪȥ̽·Ƕô񼫡
ϷӵȫߵĳͻһĿʱ¶ɱ⡣
Щһǰ׳𣿡üͷ



984 
ֱӶԷȫҲں
ϷӵΪǵֵزǵһμȻҲսܵѹ̫Ǹ񾭱̫ˡ
ΪԶԼˣ
Ц
һڣһڣʵȷʵǷǳǿˣݾˣǱˣ麣졣
ӿʼڣһµʱ䣬Щ֮ǰõʱ䣬Ҳ˵麣Ҳͣһ¡
麣ų⣬޵Уţһµʱ̣ȴҲӰǵʵصѹǵʵǸһ
ʱգǣжȫʢʱڵʵ˳ɣ߳ɣǸ١
۷麣ųδ٣ѹҲ𽥱Сʵ˵΢΢
Ϸӵ˵ǿݣȥˣڷȴǲˣȫʵδرƵĳ
ûʵҶԷСУָʹΪɱ
Ȼ֮ɫӷлǰĺӻһĪЩ⣬ɵ˼
ţǲȻŭԼһЩ
ԼȻŵˣǰޣڴսֵʱ򣬲ҲһڵʵˣȻ״̬Լã󣬿ǻվϷӵˣھ֮ϣһ֣Ȼ֧ںӿ˵׾
˾ȻԷɢݳıס
Ǻεȳ衭

һĨ측ϣҲ룬ȡһѷޱȵĳŻɫǱŷݺȥ
ǿйϷӵ˶Ϊ֮Ŀ
СӾƲԳԷƣǸúúýѵһͨ˶ʮĮûֹ˼
ģ㡣̫ٻ֣һա
ۡ
޴ĺУŶ
ʲô
ѪˣеĳȻǶϳأ˶޷ֹĲţоǺɫ
һν֣Ӿͽˣ˸Ͳһȼģ̫ˡ
ôܡ
Ϸӵȫڵվ龪ĪϷӣ𾪵˼㡣
û뵽ʵȻ˵زһֱΪ
صû뵽Ȼһ۷塣Ϸӵɫޱȵ
֪֮ԼҲһ䣬úӽˣʵ֮ϣӽһ۷塣
ң֪ʵԶûôûĻ˵ʵȻһ۷壿
ò˵Ȼϸڷȫ󣬿յĽۣȴûд
뵽ԼΪһڵʵڳǵʱ򣬻вҪÿٶȼʱԾӸµ̬ŶԷϷӾǸеϻۣʵ÷ÿ
֮࣬ģǷŭ
һ۷Σѵһ𣿡棬һ׷ԲԵλһһ
Ȼֳκһ˵ʵȴҲ塣
Ͼռϵƣңһڣһڣͷδûһս֮
Ϊ֮ǰ֪ʵĮӷ˫˺ƤȻˣǿӲס
ȵȡǸٸŮ۲תͻȻڵ֮ûʲôĳޣΪ֮ǰССͻԸǸ
麣ΣǵһµģαطĿɳЩ￴ЦأЯ֣ҾǰӵĻɱڵأҲʲô£ĻҲû
⻰һ˶ʱΪ֮ĶϷӣһͣѸȨʧ
ǱѾ׼ˡ
ǣһ䷽һ۷ǿߵĻ֧ʻʵΪܡ
뵽Ϸӵ˵鶼ԻϸĻ˫ȷʵûнⲻĳ
ȻǵһԸ
źŲǡֱӶϾǵϣûκء
Ϊβһ£ҲսΡٸɫ΢䣬æȰ˵
˵棬սɡܾԼ뷨ĳĿģѾ֡
˼ǿ˶Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
Ϸŭ
˫ܿսһ
ûֲ֣Ĺɨҡ
սеޱȼңΪȡʱ䣬ſһЩǣԡѪϷӵ˵ģҲԼģⳡսһʼֱӲ˰Ȼ
ϷӵҲܿ췢֣֮ǰֹˣ˺Ķ飬Ҳѵз
Ǻӱˣ˳սλһѪˣһ˺ףһ˲񷡣
һħ񣬻Ӷ̫ٻ𣬴󿪴ϣϷӵˣɾ
~
ֲйֵϷѪˣ߷ݰˣҡҡ׹
һĻȫңս񣬽ȥӣĲͬһ蹵ĴܸС



985 ٳ
ʤ
һͻȻսϷӵ˲Ұܶգ˽Աش
㡭ϷɫҰףɬ
˿Ŀⶼ˿־壬ȻʱǺڵ״̬ڷһ֮䡣
Ŀɨ
ĶȻ
ûѡɱˣȻϷӵгͻìܣͻصҪǵ˵ڵ״̬ܻܲ뿪麣죬ǾͲǷĵˡ
⻰һ
Ϸӵ˶ʱɴ⣬ǺҪɱǣҪĴۣҲûкƭǵıҪ
˵£ٲά裬ܱ̾ʧȥĺá
⣬֪Ҫ죬Ϸ׼ҪóʲôͿЩ͵üŵðٲҷϻһ֡
Ψַı⣬˲˿ԼֵǮĶó󣬾ͻæȥ
Ȼţû׷ɱ
֮񡣡
ʯ

ĿЩɨǷ˲ٺöǶǼֵƣϷӵʸμڳǵĿȻǷǱѰҲǼΪ
һӣЩͳͳ飬ϥָơ
Ƭ̺
¼ȻˣΪλͻȻڵ
䣬һЦһӰӼԶ֣£޾ϣ١
ԭ㡣㡣
ҡٵ˵ͷĿ䣬վԶûпҲûж֡
һ·ϣһֱҺˣˡĿϣû´Ļհɡ
⻰һ٣͵ز£֮ɫܿ侲
ҽ٣ɱ̣ҵˡµû壬ٸɴ󷽵ĳˣҺܺ棬ô³ġ
ܼ򵥡ЦЦڹ貽ʱҾ͸о˶¶ǿҵɱ⣬ȻεĺܺãûҵǴʱʼսսʱһֱעҵһٳٲߵ棬Ҳ֮һҿĳǲһģΪ֤ҵĲ²⣬˸ԣԡ
ٵͫ
ΪԼصĺܺãû뵽ע⵽
ѹûɱǣԭһЩ⣬ڿǳȥġٳ֪껵˵£϶ģǸǱ߷±¶ȥ˻ҺһˣͻΪǵıɱĿꡣ
һ֣ˣҲֺѽ⿪
ҪϷͲ뿪̫ԶԷٶȣҲûǸʱ䣬ȥ껵˾սپ
Ǹɵ껵ˣǣһֶᱩ¶ʵʵ
뿪ûԶķȻܸоһ㡣
ȻˣҲˣԭصĺãʵԣǱҲ˵ĹȥǼȻʵǿ󣬻ǲߣȷһҲ֮ǰĻɣôһ֤ݶָһ࣬Ǿٳŷ
ǣʵ͵ֹ̣ز϶ԸҵģֻһҲԪռҡ٣ƽ˵š
û뵽һ㡣ٳһʼͱ¶˶Էɱ⣬һܱʣʱصĺܺãûб¶ԷԺͽԼ¶Ҳʱ⡣
˵ز϶ԸҲǺް취Ͼ̫Ĺ˼ɡ
ܻ̣Ϊһ߼ĽһλʥϹϵȻǼ
ЦЦٵĻûзҲҪȥ
ٵĿĶŷ۲仯
󣬵ûһλʥλʥĹϵֵ˺ֵزռţҲļɵ
Ӧòʥӣһ㣬ռҶٿԿ϶
ʥĵӣǶôͬСɣͺͷȻͬռҲҼһλʥĵӣȻֱܷĳʥӣռһٸӣҲȥǷ麣Ҳû⵨
ϾһµĻλʥɲǲռΪֻҪһɣ㹻ɳ֣Ĩɱռˣû˻Ϊһռҵһλʥ
ʥӣϵҪֻ࣬ҪֽŸɾƲɣͲ
Ȼ͸¶Լĵϸ
ȻռһɣǾǻɺˣԷ˵ҲǶľơ
ҵЩ棬ôҵġ٣¶ɻ֮ɫٶȱҲһЩյ˵˦ֻʱ⡭Ŷˣ貽ǵˡ
¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Ȼûʲô⣬ռҪɫʲôҲѣ貽Ȼһ⣬˵İӻˣͲö֪ˣҲ⣬ֻҪ϶һ㣬Էزˡ
⣬һЩ־塣
û뵽ԼУȻ¶ôࡣ
˳ϷȷʵΪ貽߲İӵĹͣԷƹ˰ӣǿŵͼľһ㰵ǣӵǿ龧壬ΪŵͼҲⳡƾ֤֮һ
ȻǸЧǾ뷽̫ңԶҲǷ뿪پͲò涯ԭ򣬷麣ôһ̫ԶмַһЩʣܿͻᱻ˦
ӲǲܽЧľӳĻ̫󣬾ˡ
Ҳ޿κΣǹ˼ţλܴڵʥֻѡʵʱɵͱ˵شڴڹ֮ͥ¶֣ǻû
ǸʵҲͲôˡ
û뵽û뵽Ƕ˽⣬ʵ̫ˡһڳ
һʼķȷʵϾһոյϽ֮λˣ޷Ӵռҿ⡣
ȵǷ֣˴ʧ󣬲ȻʱҲŷ֣Է֪̫̫١
ˣԲ
ŷĿ⣬¶˱ɱ⡣
ı֣ŽһĽӴȷʵٵˣϣԼԶ緽ηɳռ˵֣֮˶Ҫ֮ء
ȻѾվ˵жԵϣ˫֮ûйĵǷռõĽڶԷɳΪȻǰǰɱ
ʱΨһеҵǣʵԶûô¡
֪һʲô𣿡о⣬ƽ˵ţȷشԹԵ˵飬̫ǰǸ
Ǽ㣬ǰ²һ
ڣһˣ㡣



986 
ٱŵĻںɢ
ŶôΪƽ
Ǻǣز㻹Ҫװ𣿡ЦȷʵͬСɣƵʱ򣬻ܱ򾲣ң𶯣ϧһ·ͽĵϸ
㷽Ƿϻ֮ˣһ·йٷϻվǰģУȴôĵĸ˵ô໰ʵ̫ˣ
֪ǲԼĴע⵽ƺ˱䡣
˵ˣ˵ô࣬𾪣ҪһɣΪԼʱ䣬ҪҾߣһ֣ԭֻһҲ߾ȫҪεࡣЦţһֽһжеĿ⣺ǾǣѾ;ĩ·ˡ
Ϸӵսʱûг֣Ϊ֪ԼֵĻһսпܴϾ˫˼ϷӵûɻţԼվһߣڰĺôǿ˷ĵϸ
һڣһڰôǿݣҪǣҲûôף㸶Ĵ۲СɡٵĿڷϡ
ʱķʮǱģմȾѪһ֪ˡ
ƴսȴһԿ⼸ʵûһֱά۷壬𽥻ţǾʩչط˵淨ȱ˰ɣʱƣάֶãҪսپǸ˵Ĵۣϧܶһ°ܵģˡЩźҡҡͷ¶Ц
ڻ˺ҲûɱǣǷ뿪Ȼöǿ͵Ĺȥ˿ǿԭ򣬲㲻ɱǣ
ɫ䡣
ٴЦһֱעŷҲ׽һ˲仯
֮ǰǷ٣ȴǷ˹ٸеʮʹ죬ǰӰȫ߾ȫҪصһ¶¶һʵȻޱȵĳ찡
ҪңҲҶ֣ܿϧͿһУôٵ
֮ǰסǼȻҳҲ˵аգ
ȻôаգΪβأҵǲ;ĩ·侲
װװмƶ
֮ĩԷԣϻ
ͷ֪ǿޱȵɱ⣬б֮ǰɫ仯ҲȥĹǣҾ㡣
ûзϻҲûиָʱ䡣
~
һ׳ĺɫϸ֣˫ֽסֲϢ纣ӿ
ն
һȣ˫յݺնֲĵӳȥ·Ҫ·ĺ˺룬һն䣬Ҫն롣
Ȼϵ˰һ˿Ц⣬ӷϸҲ΢һ⡣
£ӷڸ֣ţ纣˺Ȼ˷ϣޱǿϢ
ϷӵˣʼգõĶһˣ棬һˣǷˣǷԸٵġ
~
̫ٻ֣ȼŵĻ棬˲ɵɫת˽ɫ
һ̣̫ٻ𱻷ߵ˼ޣʵҲ۷壬ԶǰӿֲϢɢݡ
áٴ󺧣ڷ棬ڶ౾ﶯ֣Ǵûп̫ٻйı仯
ڣҲݲпǵʱˡ
ʱ֮֮֡˲ӳֵ̫ٻϡ
һӳٵȫһӵĿֲ
䡣
ཻĺ·ĺˮ𣬰;ޱǿޱȵĹɨһг룬ɢݳ
~
ٸоھţ̲סһѪڵ㣬һɫ԰
ʵڱһشǶĵĴȴױȵĳء
Ϊһоգĵϸȫ͸ʱ򣬷ȴΪصһ޿ɱ粵ʵ˵Щȫǹƨ
ڣ㾹ȻǶڡ૵龪
һһ۷壬ǵ麣ųѹΪ֪ĵϸٿԷʵǶڡ
ԣһǳصĴ
΢ЦţȻһ˿ڱѣǷ飬ȴǰδеš
Ϊҳصĺٴޣž֣ʱޱغ͸Īһδεչֳǿʵ·Զûмޣʱиһ֣սʤĸо
ҪϵĺòС⻰ǲѪ
ʼգΪ֡
֪˸棬Ҳ³ˣԷռҵˡ
һ鷳н֮ǰܷǰڵأҪ˱Χɱ֮УֳֵĻǷûл·ˡ
Ȼ֪ԷʵΣԷɱԼһյģСƣһµĻ󣬶Էʵ˲٣ҲаգҲˣڽڶ֡
Ϸӵ˵սԱ⣬ȴһУǾ˽ĿģԼ֮ĩļ֡һ㣬ٲΪ˱ⱻû̫֪˫̸ݡ
Էܽûʮղᶯ֣ȷһ㡣
֮ǰһֱûԷᣬȴΪ֮ԷҲŹ
ٹȻˣһʼЩ裬û϶֣ȻȻԷٶȲԼҲ̫࣬޷־ãһ¶ԷΣյľǷԼˡ
һ̬˵˺ܶϻҲţ;ĩ·Żⷬ֡
֣ϵ˫شץס˻ᣬ˵١
ȻˣֻҪˣҪڷǰߣûôˣ¸ɲԶԷƣҲٹ˵һݡ
ô˽⣬ôţ֪Ҳϲ˵ϻˣҵĵϸǼΪ˽⣬ٲ²¿ڵǲǻٹŪ飬ࡣ΢Ц˵伥֮ⲻԶ
ʱķѪϢҲЩ΢Ϸӵ˱ϾҲΪ٣Ҳûбȫ£ҪսʤϷӵҲף˻£ϵƲǼٵġ
⣬Ѿ׿͸ܵشѾûţ·ڴҲỳɣǲϷӶұȫ
ڵ٣Ǿ֮



987 ɱ
ɱ
ûٶ࿼ǵʱ䣬Ӷ̫ٻǰɱȥ۷״ֻ̬άһӣݲð˷ѡ
̫ٽҧ
~
̼䣬Ǻݺƴ˼Σÿһٶ˾Ե·磬ڶѪ
ٵʵһ۷壬ͷȫʱ£麣ųѹ£Ͳ緽ˣûһ۷壬֮ǰݺݴ£ֱ˵¶ƣʵ䵽һڡ
ڷȫ£ȻԶԶٵĵӰͱɱˡ
ˣΪ淨޼ɵռԪҲ淨ġٴŭ
Ƶ޵ĺôϾ뼰Ҳ˹óǿʵ
ռңԪ̫ߣȻԶԶ޷ԪĴȣǵõ淨֮;Ҫȶ֮ˣҪ
Ҳ΢ݡ
֮У𣬷ȥɡƥɱ˫ָ߾𳤵
ͬʱһ޴ӰҲǳ
һĿģӣӰҲģ壬ǴɢݳϢȴǿֲ˼㡣
ӰУҲִһѾ޴ĵУһն䣬ӰҲͬӵ
~
һֲĺɫն˳·ܽһ綼˼㡣
ҲӿǿҵвС
ԥ̶ʱֵ֮ʱͣͣȻֲĺɫǰʱͣ͵΢ά˼ԺԵʱ䣬Է˵Ҳǹˡ
ѸĵرٻԶзǿĵرֻ޷ĵرһá
ԶڷĿ£ɢǿҹԣ·ǻת޴ӭ˺ɫ⡣
ǣɫĿֲǿĳ
~
Զֱֱۣг룬ɫǱЩٶԻ
Ҳû취ģվֻһĵرûĵرӣӲ̫ǿʵ
Զ󣬷ȫ߶̫ٻеıԴ֮ĵرڻ㣬ȫһ˺ɫϡ
~
Զ֮ǰľ޴ٶɳȥΧĺиˮ
߷ݰˣһֱǿסӰѪ죬Ƹ˼֣ǲΣһվǽˡ
ܣôܽסһٵо֮ɫû뵽ֲһܽ£ûʲô󰭡
һһѪɫʣ˶ҡҡ׹淨ҲûоգʱڣܷڶȻӳҲǷͬСɵģһֱٵƣ˵ʤ
û뵽޷ɱ
ǿһ淨һԶ
ʵ󣬷淨֮УԶ̵֮ģǸո֮Ƥë֮УȻͬû׶ΣɱҪǿ̫ˡ
һƣǶˣҪ֪ڵ״̬һڰȻܷһɼ淨Ŀֲ
״̬ãǷȼˣǵɫ⣬ûеڶ·ˡ
ȻǾôģϾ麣ǲ˴磬˲ģһȼˣԷ׼۷ʵǴ粽С
Һл
˶ϰɡ
ٲȻ
ڵ״̬ҪõĶ֮࣬ʧٳ׾ˡ
ɡ
Ŀ䣬׷٣߲ľ֪Ƿֵ£ǻŲ·ܣڷٶǰ뷨Ҳ
һ׷ڵ˼ޡ
Ȼ׷𵽺棬Ч𽥻䣬ʵҲ½ٸӵĲңһҲ̫ˣûгŵʵ½һ̡
ռһΪұģ㲻ú֮ǰٺݺ䡣
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һ䣬˵ٶʱٳ˷ɻң
ڽˡ˿
ǿˣ麣ĵطԶԸ
ڲȥ˺֮ǣʼǰڵأҲû˹ǡ
ٵ𣬷˸طϵƺ˶ָĲ󣬾뿪ǰ



988 ԶŴ½
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һ㣬ڷ麣һºȷˣΪΪóûĵ򣬱Ͼ麣̫ˣÿһضޱ޼ʣļޡ
ǣôʱĵѾǷǳĹȻûпһʵͺˡ
û죿Ӧòܡ΢΢ҡͷǰضкܴ𣬲ó֪
ӦǴڵģõǿ龧麣ˮû͡
Ҫôǣͨǳǳ٣˵һ£һȥҶδܿһҪôǣͨ;ġ
⣬ڵķ˵Ҳ𰸡
Щź
ʲôģȷʵûǸ룬Ͼڵʵ춼Զݺᣬ˵ˣóȻȥĻȫģꡣ
˵̾ı϶ҲǿףԶҲһܶĿꡭ
ȴĿҲûС
ȻȻ꣬ȴһֱȶıţД֮ĽȻȴǳȶЧϲյõʱͼӰʤԴԴϣֻҪ죬ͻһֱ
һº󣬷ʵǵûֺԽԽǿ֪Ļ»ֱɵȥ
ֻД֮ͻƵ㣬ңɼҷ壬ҪͻҲûôף麣ҲД֮ͻƣȱ˻Ǳߵ
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ȻЩԶž˵ľ۾ӵغϳǰĴ󺣷ֿһֻԶž˴Ӻ׸𣬷üͷ
ģھֻԶžˡ
ԽڵأԶž˾Խֵ࣬ҲԽƵҲһֻֻĳ֣ʱǼֻһȺ
ǵľ۾ӵأûĿܡ
պ
ͣס˽ŲĿǰ
һӴϵĴ½ȻȫòҲܿ϶һС½ʮֵĻһɲãԶϢ˷·ǣԶʱڵĴ½
ͼϣעλãھԶŴ½ϡ
ͬʱ⻹Զž˵ϳһ㣬ͼûбעһ·϶Ҳˣ˵½ΧѲߵԶžˡ
鷳ˡͷ
Ҫõ񣬾ͱԶŴ½Զž˵ϳҪȥ̸ס
ǿйѣԶž˿ɶһһģδ֪
˵ǷһҲ봳ȥ
һǿ߸ͱ񡣡
ʱ򣬰˵һ۷ǿߣδɣڷ˵һ۷ˣڵǿߣҲûϣ
ؼڣ麣ųѹûзơ
ǶڵǿߣȴʱҲʣһ۷ʵͷ൱ܸ
ΣԿɡһнڵϢѹƣʧˣٷҲѡ
ԶŴ½ޱߣѲߵԶžٶ࣬Ҳסˡ
ȵһ֧Զž˵Ѳ߶뿪֮󣬷͵񶯾⣬ѸٿԽ˾룬ԶŴ½
ţ
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죿
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ɫ˱䡣
ǵʵǸһҪɹõҪʵߡ
ֵҵǣؼŵҲӳԣԸоД֮֮ǰٶȣҪһЩ
΢Ӧ󣬷ǰ
Ȼһ·ϣԶžˣںУֱֹں򣬷Ҫࡣ
ǧ֮󣬷ԶžˣǺ溣ϵԶžЩͬƤӵļǿӲѹȸУҲҪʤϵԶžˡ
˵溣ϵԶžһУͨĻô½ϵԶžˣӦþǾӢ
~
䣬ͻȻ΢Զž˷ŭͬʱֲҲǸλǿйš
һ·δԶž˻սǵϳӦҲûֻﲻ۵ǣѵ˵ǣ
ɫһʶ뵽ˣμӿˡ



989 
뿪ˣΪ˳Ҳ˲ʱ֣ڼ̻
˱ȷĸ죬һ㶼֡
ȻǰǣĴ
μӿľʮˣʮͨһɸѡȫ죬ߵģȿһӹɵģϼ˾ֻܽҪϷӵ˵ľ֪ˡ
·ϣϷһ⣬ûڶˡ
ȥ
͵һ񣬷⣬ٷս
սĵصھ뷽ĵطս˫һδ֪һȻԶžˣʵǿޱȣѸٿܿ췢֣ȻǱߵսƼΪƴ󣬿ǶΧƻȴ
˵˫ƻǿиɣܵĳѹƺ
÷뵽ǵĴսҲƵЧ
ѵ˵սʹúԶŴ½طʯͶɣҡҡͷջ˼
ܿӹϵս
ȻǡĿɨеĲ²õ֤
ս˫ϣһֻԶžˣǵʵǼǿԶž֮еľӢ൱һ۷塣
ֻһ۷ԶžˣǷҲҪ˱ᡣ
ЩԶž˵Ķֻ֣ˣβμӿľʮǿĽӣŮӺͻӡ
ȫͨǰĵһ·˹ԶŴ½
ûмˡ
˴ʱչֳʵǿĺˣ˷·ǿٵصľ޽â¶ʹõҲһѽɫɢ޾ķâÿһλն䣬ᱬ˼ܣǰֻԶžˣʱʱĻּѪۣѪɽ
Ů˿ΧһּǰһֻԶžĻһˡ
˵ģǽӡ
һֱŴӲĽ𻷣ʱɢããĹâԽΪģ·ǻһƬأΧڣӵʵõ˼ǿһֻԶžɾƱ˻
չֳʵҪһء
һ۷塣΢΢һͬһ۷壬ȻҲǿٱȳ䵱ֵԶžҪǿʵʵֹڴˡ
Ҫ֪ǿûзƵģ麣ųѹ˫һ۷ʵ֪˵ʵӦǶڡ
ǿߡ
棬ֶǿߵļʵ͵Ŀû뵽ȴһӳ
Ҳ׹ѹֽӻ껵˲мһˣмҴǣм֮Ϊ飬ΪǿʵģƾԼҲ񣬸֮
ǵԴӦҲǴӰӵĴϢΪһ۷ǿߣпǶڣԶǿһ۷壬ȻӲڻ¡
ȻţӽڵأǵԶŴ½ӦʶԼˡ
ڣԶ
ûĻߵԶŴ½ģϷӦþͽˣҪô˳Ҫôˡ
˵ȫעսУûзַĵҲϸۿˣòûʲôõĻˣľ֣ȻҪ˽ϸһЩ
ŮӺͻû̫ע⣬ռϷ磬Ϊǿ
ǽӣʵӦúڲ֮䣬յ˵ǿ̫࣬ǷȴǣֻԶž˴ɾһֻԶžֻԶž֣ѹסȻû֮ǰôţȴռϷ硣
Ŀ⣬ڽŵĽ档
ͫȻһ𻷸һϤĸоһ˳
⾹ȻһŽŴռϷ磬ֵԶˡ
Ӧòǡ΢΢ҡͷ
һ֮ģһǿ棬һһ񣬻ѾǸ漣ˣֵܳڶ
Ӧǽӵʦų֮͸ģĽУм絮ĽԶֹڴˡ
ܿջĿ⡣
ļֵֿܴ˵Сֻһ֮ԼõʹȨ޵ˣܷĿܣ˼˽Ҳûκ塣
ת䣬·ľƺܿ췢˱仯
ŵֻԶž˵ļ룬ӵ˵ƶʱĶ
ǴռϷ磬ԶžһЩ˺ǶƤˣǿľǵ壬һЩƤԶӰ쵽ǵʵϷϷ磬ʵȴûɱǣƾŽͬʱԸֻԶžˣҲǵ˼ޣֻԶžǼһߣŤתս֡
صģ
¡¡¡¡~
΢΢ţ·ʲôޱȵĶڿٱʵҲˡ
Ŀȥ򣬼ٱԶžˣÿһԶž˵ֻȻߵս½ϵǣǰԶž˵ŭڷٻԮ
ӵˣȻҲо˴ص쳣Ҳʶһ㣬һɫʱĲ԰
һԶž˸ϵ̽սɱˡ
ˣڵֻԶžˣýӵˣʱսȥ
ҪҪǣ
Ժ︡ͷһ̣˾
ס
һͺȣ⣬͵ط˳ȥ
ˣ̫ˡӵȫǾ񣬱ǲô˵ġ
ǿʱԭǵĶʱȥ



990 ˵
ҲֽӵǶԷȷʵûκӡ
ǵʵ޾κˣڵһɸѡʱ򣬸ûйעȻǵһսصģҲûб⡣
ûнһӴĻᣬȻҲжӡ
һ۾Ϳ˳ϢǳСԶԶˣЩԶž˱ǲһܰﵽǡ
ҪĻǣֻзһˡ
ǺӣСЩûʲôɱģ˷⣬ûˡ
βһ˲
ܴԶŴ½ϣɲһӦʵٶȼ侪ֻ߼Ϊóټǿߣʵһ㣬Ҳ
ڽӵ˿Ӧþˡ
Ȼ֪ܿͱ֧飬ӵĿɿڴķ֣ӷ϶Ȼӿ˼ΪµϢ˿
һ۷塣𶯡
Ȼ֪Ϊ˵ƣսʱ̣ųˡ
תʵ̫̫ͻȻ˵ҲɽһӸ߷׹˵͹ȣ»ص۷塭䣬̾˷ܣʵԽǿҲԽ˵ܰ
淨Ů촽£³֡
׼۷壬һ۷壬ôֶΣ뵽淨
Ҳ΢΢ͷ
ӲǽͬΪһ֮Ļ˵ϳȻĳ˵ҲԿһ淨ֻÿ˵ͬһ淨ģǷëǡ
~
Ӷ̫ٻӭֻԶžˣýӵ˲˿
ֻԶž˲ǵս̾ͻܡ
Ϊĳ֣΢תһЩȴԶûվȻռϷ磬ҪܻЩԶžˣԶûôס
ΣڣЩԮԶžˣȴڼٸöãͻսʱ򣬾ǵڡ
취Ӵ
ӵȻҲ֪Σû˸бȫԸԶžˣЩǿҲõĻʧֽɱ
һȻƸЩЩԶžʵ̫ˣңҲ֪ͬڸȻˣҲҪһУĸҴϳס
ɶ񣬿ɶ񡣡˫Ŀͨ죬û뵽ԼȻ˾
еĽ߶˼£ɢΪµҲ󲿷ֵĹȫкһֻԶžϣҪл
ȻֻԶžȴǵĲȡƣ·һ᲻ɴݵɽʹڣȻϲϵıų˿ڣȴĳסˡ
˵鶼ޱȽ֮ʱ
ͻȻ
һ˲ʵӲԶ
ӵ˶һĿʶĿ˹ȥʱһӴӰ߸߷ڵԶתԶս
ǸӴӰһֻԶžˡ
һĻӵ˵ͫ׶ǲԽȻһЩҲ˺Զž˵ķϣ¶ŵɫ
⡭ôܡ
ζû뵽Ȼһ
ȻչֳʵǿûʧǶҲǺͷŮӡ൱Ҳûָƽ֡
ǣȴˡ
ӵˣȻںԶžսʱռϷ磬ԶžսˣƸ޹ؽҪԶԶȲϷ㽫ԶžսҪ
ôģ˶Ǿɲ
죬ֵܿҡһ֮̾ͽ
ܷôģǿϣ
ҲûʧֻԶžսϷ˹ɱսֻԶžˡ
һΣҲȫע
кһ뽫кһֻԶžϡ
ӷ֣սĺܿ졣
ԷʱֻԶž˷·ǿʲôֲ㣬˿־壬־Ӱ쵽ʵӣͲǷͽ֮У˵ˡ
~
ֻԶž˱һУӴ·Ƽ㣬˳ȥ
һתۣսϾֻʣֻԶžˡ
ʲô֮࣬Ҳãûбô񣬸Ӧһ˿ڵϢȻ²ʹõֶΡ
ڲǿʱ
лֽһֻԶžҲȥ󣬽ӵԷл
ĸ߰Էл˷֮⣬ҲȷʵڷĪֶΣƽȵλϡ
սٽ
ʣֻԶžȫ˵Ķ֣ת۾ͱɣʱԮԶž˻δ
ӵ˶Ŀ¶죬˱סû뵽һ̾ĪֶνΧվ



991 ϣ
뿪üͷһ壬˵
ӵҲҵ
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Զž˼ŴأڻûΣգҸոձǺɳȥֻԶžҲûˣһɾͲˡ
ߡ
˵ٶ뿪⴦ս
~
޴ƿ𣬺󷽴ĪѹȸУһһԶž˷ŭͶɽķ飬˿˿ɢݳ
ۼ޷ֹߣЩԶž˷׷ߵɽ塢ʯ
ﲻǺϣ޷۳ˮǹɽ;ʯƻȴ˿ǰߣԶŴ½⻷ƻԶŴ½ᱻŭľǺĿȫǡ
ͻҳ壬ЩԶž׷һ˦ǡ
ԶŴ½ȻǵϳԶž˵ȴ࣬ԶŴ½ǲһСĵֻҪһЩ룬ȻܰȻ
ӳˡ
һɽ֮Уӵ˳һ
СˣΪʲôǿ񣿡ӷйԼĲ
ŮӺͻȻû˵ʲôҲϾǲһȻòȥ
Σлֵû㣬ǿҪˡת
±ʱķȥǿ󣬿ȴǲ˿
ŮӺͻҲվл⡣
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ȻչֳʵЩԶž˵ʱҪ̫ࡣ
麣죬ǿıﵽǣԶԶǰ죬˵ɱ䣬ɱ˱ĻȻᱻ׷ɱǶǵһϾǻԶûǿ󲿷ֱĳ̶ȣȽ϶ԣֶΣҪ
˵һԡӵվ˵ȻҲҪ˵Լ뷨
Ҳԡ
һ
˽ͷŮӺͻҲ׷ױ̬ţ˵ĿⶼЩźڴ
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ǺǣߵˣҲľôȥЦЦ˵
ֻзһˣʶԶŴ½ϵΣպ󣬷ȷʵǲ룬˵þҪοˣϾнϢ֮ȻܻԶžˣǶԷԶ־£Ǵ˵Ϣжá
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ǵʵΣֻҪ̫Զžˣ˵ûһĻᡣ
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ʶһҽһ°ɣ֮ҲܸõϣԨ档չһЦ
Ԩ磿Ҽǵһм磬ƺ֡Ůת˽һۡ
ڷͻӣûԨ֣ҲǷǳĴ磬򲻿š
Ԩ粻һм磬ûʵڷŮӻֻ֪˵һɺϡ
ȻҲûϵŮӾȻ֪Ԩ磬ҲûԨĽ
һеĽ˽͡
ǣӷŮӡ
ҽкϼϼ磬㲻ģǰԵɺ£֪ԨĴڡŮһЦ
䵶ȱ硣ҲԼ
Ԩϼȱ磬Ȼһû˵Կ϶мǸ߼磬ͼҪ켶ǿ̫̫ѣûĻԵ޿ܡ
˴硣˶٣ͬԼ
ûκɫȻ֮ǰҲǴû˵˴֡
˽⵽ǱԼ絽һȺԶŴ½ùԶž˷֣ʱսҲ̴ֵѸٻ˷Զžˡ
֪ٱ¶û߳ԶͱԶž׷ϣվҿʱǡ
һϣҲ뿪˲ء
ǰɡ



992 У
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һ𻷵תײһֻԶžϣ˲䱬ֲֻԶž˺Ƥصĺˣڵ̤һ޴Ľӡ
ţһֲĹ֣Զžϣƶ£ֻԶžֻüһŭ𣬾ͱԶԶĺɳȥ

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á
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ᳵ·һκԶžˣܿ˦ǣΣա
ȥôãǿ˳ɹϣгǿŵͼľ壬˷ڴ֮ɫ
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ǲϵǰϵĺػأ˵ԶŴ½ΧԼڲһЩ˽ԸӣЩԶž˻ҪָƣŬ£ߵ
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Ͼǵʵ̫࣬ǺĵشԼӽĵشĵطǴһΣͼԶžˣ֮࣬ǸеͷƤ顣
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׳⣬ԭܼ򵥣˳ˣԶŴ½ʵ̫ΣգģȥҪðΣգʮֲֵϾοʧܣҲԶʧܣбĻᣬֵðϡ
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λҪģδؾһǿҲǿ񸽽ĶҲ뽫ʽԭ򣬽ʵ̫ǿĻпܷҪĶ
˵ţ˳Ĭһ䣺ȻЩҵĲ²⣬ûʮ֤ݡ
ⲻ˵Ǹûϣ䵶̲ס
⵹δءҡҡͷԿ϶ҪǷǳѣвΣա
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ǵĿѾһǷҪõ񲻿ɣֻҪ¼¸ĵͼ˽ڳǵĿܣûҪ񲻷ţʵ̫ΣյĻ͸ɴ¼ͼҲˡ
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ػس֮ûоκһֻԶž˵£ڵ˿ڵأڵλã͵ͼϿڵλãغϡ
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ߵһ˵ǲģεȵĲס
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993 £
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ЩӦþǿˡ
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ҪĻǣһ֣϶ᾪԶžˣ¶ǵ١
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994 Ӷջ
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麣죬һȼǿıԶֹʱϵԽãԽܲ
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ҿС֮ôŻΪȥҿˣصȥ˽Զĵط¼δ֪ĵͼϣһüǮ
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996 ڳǣϣ
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ҲǷûǰ棬龭ԭ򣬴ӶԷ˽̶Ծʲô˵ʲôԲ˵
ĽԸӡ
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997 ڳǣ£
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ƣǽڳǵ֤֮ͨ⣬ڳǽ񡢽񡢶һƷȵȹܣȫҪУǳҪ
һ϶ʱ˹â˷֣Ƶı棬Ӵ˿Ƿרˡ
ţӽĽ
ûжٽģڳǾĽΪø˼貽ĸ߲Ӳṩ˷Ľ
һǵĺۡԼһʻ֡
һն1000ϣţӵ1000֡
1000֣ǷɿĽ
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Ļ϶Ҳˡ
ڽڳˡеƣ¶ڴ֮ɫ

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һ죬ҪʬΡûעĽ䣬ӵŤһƬ
ˣΣչˣҸһ䡣Ӳ߿Ƭ̣˾
ӿɾɣϸڱ仯Լһͨλ

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԰Уܸ̾оһ־׵ķΧ˵Ҳɵ֮⣬ƺصϢš
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ڳǵߴص֮һ֪԰͹貽С
貽ǽȡĵط֪԰ǷϵڣϺ֪ʶ˵ǼΪӣ󣬷Ҫ֪֪ʶڵޣ淨ȵȣпҵҲûС
ȻЩϺ֪ʶ޳ģҪĶ븶֣Ҫٻ֣ǱҪԶֻҪһ֣ҲпҪֵĻ֣һ
ϣջ񡣡
ƳϣЩɰͰ͵1000֣¶ڴ֮ɫ



998 ֪԰
֪԰͹貽߽ͬƬ׵Ļ԰󣬷Ѿвˣǳİ
˳÷ü
ӽڳ״μ˶ˣȻҲ˵貽ûˣǡǡ෴ȡĹ貽صأ֮Էûм̫ˣҪΪǽȡǿƫУȻˣ貽ĻȻῴ˳
߽ķҲûж˱ֻıȽϽļƳһۣźܿƻĿ⣬ȻͲʶǴӸոռ룬Ȼûʶˡ
ĻͷΧ÷뵽˵ϵͼݡ
΢΢һֻСɾµ߲ʺ˷ͷ֪԰˵ǣڻ԰ľ裬Щ˼ͷһ⣬Ҳȫͣһֻ߲ʺ
һ΢߲ʺĽ䣬
΢оûκΣպ󣬲ŷſ񣬽Լ̺ŵѶϢ
ܿ죬׹߲ʺ壬ĿܣҲ֪԰ĽʹߣһĻֺǻҪ֪ʶϣǳķ㡣
ǹ񹤡
żͷ΢΢ŵ߲ʺ̾
ȻǸ߿Ƽ;ͬ飬Ч˿á
Ƭ̺󣬷ٲ˽ȥ֪԰Ĺطǳϸÿ˵ѹĽޣϽ˷ͻӰ쵽ˣΥ߻ᱻϳ͡
Ȼûдű˵˼֪԰ȥ
԰ǳĴ¼ʮ˶ڻ£һƫƧĽ䣬ֲðһɫʯʣһȥ̾͸оԼ·֪԰γһСռ䡣
Ҳ⣬Щ߲ʺݸѶϢ涼С
˶֪԰ĽԼ⣬߲ʺҲݹһݺĿ¼֪԰Ϻ֪ʶԼĻ֡
~
һ죬߲ʺͶһâڷǰγǷĿ¼ŷ¹Сռڣֻзܿ
Ŀȥ
֪԰Ϻ֪ʶ˵ǰ󣬰ղͬл֣СһЩķĿ¼ϣǴһġϵͳķ࣬ǧ֮ࡣ
޵ϵҲǧһ֣ɼӡ
ע⵽Сķ໹Ǵķ࣬ҲһϺ֪ʶҪ֣򼸸֣÷붼롣
ȶԵ޵Ļϵѧϰһɡ૵
ĸҲҪġ
Ȼе޵ĴУҴӶ෽ԵҲвٵ˽⣬ǵҲйڵ޵֪ʶֻһУԶԺڳǵݻϵ֪ʶᲢۣļأݻϵʮ󶥼㣬Ҳͳġ
ȷʵҲҪôһ֪ʶԼѧϵͳĹɺ
һϵĻ̱۵100Ƿϵļ۸
ϵ߲ʺӵ˳ȥܿ죬һ֮лع飬ڷͷ
һâ߲ʺĴͶγͶӰע̱˹ȥк֪ܶʶǷǰ뵽ֻߴδӴģ۽磬ֲԼĻ
ʱţȫ񶼳֪ʶĺ֮Уʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫʱ¶ϲ
ȻǻȴҲþ޴󣬺ܶ඼Ƿδġ
ߵĵرͼԵһ䡣
Ȼߵĵرεġȼϣ˵ݻ֪ʶˣڳҲС
ᵽˣʹߵĵرҪ󣬶ľһҲģ֮⣬бҪ
˵Ҳǡͬĵͷ
ʲôĴڣҪӦȥ߶
ľĵ޷۴һ˵ߵĵرŵǰʹãһӷӳȴ˵ѹŵģͺñСȥһɽ
ߵĵر̫ǿˣĵرĲףֻϧߵĵرĵĳо£ȻߵĵرȻϡٺǳԽȵĵرȴǳ˲٣ҲȺߵ֮䣬µĵȽסĶϡ
졢ءˣλߵȺ֮ĵȽףȽ׵ĵرԽȣҲĵرĶҲȼ֡
üͷ΢塣
ȼ֣֣̫ٻȻǳԽȣȴ͵˼ĵرǣΪһмĽҲ˼
Ǻεǿ󣬷֪̫ٻǲġ
ʵϣ֪У̫ٻҲ˳Խĵرĵ·
̫ٻսѪǷţһܴﵽ˼ǿֻʱ̫ٻҲͲĵرˡ
ĵرߵĵرһ޷ȻɣҪֶʹ֮ڽ֮ûС


999 ֮ط
Դ
ݻ֪ʶ棬ȻǲˣǷݺĿ¼Ѱ˷ҵ˽֮Ҫ500֡
Щ졣
ҪĻֶ̫࣬١
ԥ£סݽ֮ĳ嶯1000ֹȻǲðкܶϺ֪ʶҪ
ȻͷеĻֻʣ࣬ٻͷҲ١
˹ڽˡ淨ȵȵϣȻǺܻĶҲ÷еĻֻǮˮ
÷ЩźǣԴ֮صϣ֪԰һ㶼ûС

ǡ
һ¥档
Զеơ
ڳǺΪ˻أϽĵͼ֤󣬷ҲͶңһһأ˵ĽҲڳУǷΨһѡ
ϴҴ£ѾüĿˡеƣ˵
Ŷɫһ
貽߲棬ȷʵһյģղ˵һ硣ûԼĽ˵˳
ղЩ䡣
ԥ£˵Ҳ֪ǸղʲôԹԷǹ貽ĸ߲㣬λȨأܶõܿġҪСģʲôܰæģ;˵
ЦЦܿ콫˹ȥҲû⣬һϢ
ϼҲǵһ𴳽ԶŴ½ķŮӣûлѾȷˡ
ĸ棬ֻзŻ
ҲЩꡣ
һǶȥҲصԼĸۡɿĽ֮һ
ղȻôһˡĿĮ
ʱͻɣ貽߲кٹģڵõ֤ʵ
һ־ͿԿ϶Ԫռҵˡ
貽߲㣬ȷʵǷǳ鷳Ϊ貽ǵõֵҪԴܱܿ
ȻԷҲĿŵĶȨһ㣬ٵСĽϾܿ
ȲŽȡɡҡҡͷһͷĻ־͸Ҫڵˡ
֪԰
ƫƧʯϡ
ϣֻʣ530Ѿ׼ˡ
ʱ֪ʶĺУȻĶǻ֪ʶҲ÷һȫ֪⡣
ڵ͵Ū˹ܣȱľȻҲģЩҪĶ
ԺҪߵ·ԼʵҲ˼·
Д֮ȵȡЩ˵Ĳᣬǰûеģ׼֡
Ҫѧϰģ淨
淨һط֮ϣҲԷֳһ淨淨ʹõ֮Уһ淨Զһ淨ģ淨Ҳǿ֮
ϵ˵ϵ⣬һ֣ǽϵ׼ѧϰ淨Ҳйء
ϵ棬ѡеģ֮
Ҳ֮λսУʹ淨
ÿһ淨ҪĻֶǳֻ࣬淨ļԽܵĻͽּɣҲǻһʻ֣ԸȤ淨˽һ
淨ֶʹõģȴ٣˻ѵĻֲࡣ
֮淨Ľܺ󣬷̾ͷӦ̵ʹһȻĿ飬ȥ
̣һЩƤëˡ
޴ڣ޴ӣ磬ն֮⡣֮ĽܣиȷԼҪ淨
һ淨
ҪһȾסˣϾֻи߼Ľ۳飬Ȼ߼ж١
Ȼû⡣
һ淨ͬ淨Ӧǵϵ
ط
ǵ޵淨ĵرӵ˼£淨ľڽĵرϳɷ󣬷ӳܡ
ԭͬʱʹüĵرǼֻʹ÷ʽġ
һķʽطͬĵر
淨ݷĶ
淨淨ɴ˿ɼһߡ
ѧ淨Ƿʵͻͽ
֮طȻ淨ѧϰҪĻ֣Ҳ֡
ŵĵһķҪһ֡
⻹ţ滹жķδ֪صķҪĻҲԽ࣬ҷҲԿ϶ǵģȻǲȫģ淨
Ȼǲȫѧǰ漸صĻʵҲ̥ǣһӹɵġ



1000 ȥģ
֡
¶һ˿ЦȻ1000һ㶼ãԶԶ
۸ȷʵҲߡ
ںܶ˶ԣµԶǼ۸̫ߣǲŶ룬ϾٸߣֻҪʱȥһ湻һջĻ٣µ꣬ǧ꣬ãһܵõ
õ淨;ûУٶĻ֣Ҳá
ţĴڣ˵˵һĪĸ
ʮ󶥼磬淨ҲֻĴУһǿߣֻӵкһֻ֣߽֮
ʱڣǲˡ΢΢ҡͷ
淨ǿ֮޳ҡ
Ҫһ淨Ѷ֪֮²ߵĵر֮ס
ҲûָһӾ͵õ淨Ҳʵ
˵ģڽ淨ķڷǰҲⲻˣΪԶĲΣ淨ҲҪһ
ɣԺŬĿꡣ
ƽ
ʣĻ֣һ󣬻٣һĵرĽ֮
Ȼڳǻкܶصأ¥ܲڳ棬Ѿû˼ȥˣͷĻ̫٣ʲôöҲ
Ķݽ֮󣬷ףΪʲôôˡ
ĵرγԽȣﵽûбİ취֪ݽ֮棬ᵽԭȴǳļ򵥡
ҪĵرԽȣ޷ǼȡӶס
ؼģ֡
һ֣ĵر߱ɳԣܼȡ£ĵرǳȶŽ޾ĺҲлָ
̫ٻ˵ػгɳԺ󣬲սڵĻ
ڶָӹؼʵϣ̫ٻҲһȡʱξʣĵرĴ⡣
׵ĵرķ룬Ǿʲô嶼ûˣΪԵá
ҪĲǽ֮Ͼ;ͬ飬ҪĵرĲϡ
ĵر߱ɳĲϣԼĵرĲϡ
ҪһĵرԽȽ׷ǳѣȾҪĵرĵرʵֲˡ
ͷĵرҲֻ̫ٻܷϡ
߱ɳԣ̫ٻѾɣڵ̫ٻȻܲսڵҪĻ̫ٻȫȡǶڽϵĽѪеֻǿѹסˡ
ǿĵرϣá
֮
һݽ֮ᵽһ־֮ĵر
Ȼ⿿ԶԶ
뵽ǵ»ʲôҲϲڳҲҲӦϣǲڿģû´ĻӦúͿйأʱʱȻʱ̶ܶҴ󲿷񶼱ĴսϸĻȷʵһĶ͸ĸо
̫ٻ𡣡ܲУʱ᳢ԣȻص˴гҲ١
ҪĵرĻҪһЩĲϡ
Ͻʣ30֣վ˳ȥ

貽
Զ֪԰ҲԶû֪԰ôʮ֡
һ޴ĹĻģд˸ָ
ʽͷǳˣָС
üͷ΢壬ǵĻѰźʵ
ͻȻ
ļһ£üˡ
һȥʮӣڣʱ¶һЦݣ˵λѣҿһλޣûȤȥһ񣿡
ʲô񣿡
һĵ㻹ǽ쾳ްɣģǰӴĵĳɳҲмĺôôûȤЦ
ǵ񣬲麣罻֮أ麣һ߲磬麣⣬Ҳ죬֮أĴ磬ʮ󶥼С
ġ
Ŀ΢䡣
ȥ֪԰֮ǰ˵пĶϾǵ߲磬Էľ磬ľҲ̫ԶǰӴһ¾δһ¡
ڷ֪ʲôľӴôɺ͸Իһĵ֮麣Ȼͬǻ˻֮أڣԶδɳ۷壬ͶӰҲûγɣʱģϮᶯҡĸһЩ÷Զֹڽ쾳Ҳǲܡ



1001 ׼չ
쾳ķȥģӵģν񶾡
һĵޣ»ʶ㣬ΪԷǺģӶ֪
Ҹг𣿡
ʲô˼ӵЩӲ
ȥӣϲ̨ıóۡ˵仰󣬷ٲӡ
ǣԵİȫǽսרսĵطˡ
ʣûеˣڳǾ͸˵ˡ
һʼԼǲģڹ貽ĵط붼֪϶ǳղֱʣҪٵ
һСʱ󣬷ѡ˼񣬺ܿ뿪ǡ
ʽҲȫ쳣ģʵϣһЩʽȿҲѲ˶٣һĿѶȶڿǸܻΪһ̸
Ȼ򵥵ʽ񣬵õĻҲ١
һǣʽĵȼһףѣȡ⼸ֱĸһȫ麣У»ʲôΣգҲٶȰѣ˰ȫ֮Ȼôͷعǡ
켶ľ飬Ӧǻ߰ǵ˰ɡ૵
ȷʵҲǽңȻܻ飬񣬱Ҳǵĳ̶ȡ
ϧֻ1000֡
ʽĻǵӦǧֵı꣬ǱϾ켶ǿߣδɵĸѶ
ֻչǿ񣬲ܺʽᲢۡ
ӵ⼸̽ͼΪҲܷٶơ
麣죬ԷʵֻҪǵù̫ǿ飬㹻ݺˣҷ̽ͼΪҲźЩʲôͻ
º󣬷صǣԲ񣬻ȡһʻ֡
÷΢ֻҪ֮ԺȥҪǰ漸淨ķҲǲܡ
Ȼ麣ųڣۻһ̶Ⱥ󣬾Ͳò뿪߲磬ʱҲӳ
ӣܿ췽ͷ˲ȡ̽ͼ񣬴󲿷־Ȼǰɡ
񣬵һϽջᣬɻۿۡ
ղ
뵽֣ղݣҪ鵽ӵʲô׾ٵ飬ɳԼڷǰЩǷǰһˡ
飬ƫƫϾûй涨ӵ񣬱˾Ͳܽˡ
ôһ貽ĸ߲㣬ڰԼԣȷʵǷǳ鷳ʱҲûʲôð취Ȼղ˵ʵôֻҪǣҲκβ
Һ÷ҪĻҲࡣ
º󣬾˲ĥѺΣպ󣬷ܹǧ֣ûԥֱ¥ܲһЩ̫ٻĸϣǵļ۸񲢲̫ߡ
طҲĵرΪ壬˷̫ٻҲԼĿͻá
̫ٻҲѸʵ
ûȥˡ
Ƿ麣ų⣬ʱҲǿһ̶ȡ

˴硣
ʱĲ˴磬ԴԴϵļȡԴеָ֮ѾǻָһԪ
ȻȹڻԶ
ͬûжɳĸǻ
Щڴ
мĽ˼Ȼ߼ĽһͣǾǵؼ
ʲô취ܼٻָȹھͺˡ뵽漴ԳЦЦڲ˴ĻָٶȣѾˡ
Դ֮ص˽̫٣֪ʶǶûУֻ֪ڶǿ
Լʵɡ
һĿ꣬ǹ֮ط淨ˣط͵йأȡ
֮ǰԼʵ
ϾֻҪԼʵǿղʲôıҲ޾壬Ҳȥȡ
ҲһֽȸУĵˣռҡ
һʥĲ²⣬ռҺԼĳͻìԽԽ࣬ᱩ¶
СռңǲһֱԼסһῴ࣬ʱҪռҵķ񱨸
ԼҪģչһʱ䣬ʵ
ԶŴ½ջҺ麣ѹԴ÷Д֮ǵ»Ҳпܾ̫ٻߵĵȽס
⣬Ҳȫ쾳۷壬˲ս㡣
ȵʱطʵҲͻͽı仯



1002 »
˴硣
ڷĸ컻£½ΣΪ˲Ӱ쵽½ϵˣڵĸ½ƶķǳҪ½ȫͣĺԶҲҪܳɹ
ȻҲûںһ㣬ʱĲ˴ԴӣʧûС
½⣬˴绹СһĴδ½½
½ǧһδ½ϣһδ½롣
ȻǴδ½ĵҲǼΪԷӴȡ
ˡ
ĵ˵ͷ麣лѩһʱ䣬žδ½ϣ׼չ
һȼŵɫ̫ٻڷǰΪһ⣬֮⡣
񡣡
ӷڸͶһâź¡¡׹һ޴ɽ̫ٻΧӨ͸صĹâһƣ̫ٻΧС
ƣǽ֮ϼŵģĵر
ܾһУεĻεʣǸĶеһƬ飬Ч
ȻҪÿ̫ٻԶԶġ
ݣڤʥˮһȡ˳ھƵĸؼϣЩǷġ

ؼ壬֮
̫֮ˣǣѵһ۸Ҳ֡
ǰõһ龻֮ʯĵرֻ㽫֮ʯȣҲ뾻̫ٻ
ͿǲǾ֮ˡٶͶһâһ̣һ»ֱ
͵»ʱδ½ޱ»ڣΧĺҲȫǣ»гֳһʱ䣬·¹߳ɽ裬ƻá
󣬱ԶŴ½ʱ򣬻Ҫ˵Ķࡣ
򣬿ʱܵѹƵԵʣڲ˴磬ųĹʺ
»֮УеĶǰδеĿ飬ָо쳣
һ֣Ϊǿû뵽̾澰ŵһ֡
ûиоκβף»ûκΣ档
ڷѾԿ϶»ȻǿԴλĿģһ
δؾʱûֱô
ֻпȻ»ȴǸûУص϶ûһֻܿԼ
ܿ죬ͽעޱʤջأ»Ų˾Ƶ̷ƣһԴӳ»£ˮһ㣬ɨ̫ٻ𣬾ͬˮϴӣȥʡ
ţ
¶ɫһע⵽̫ٻĽϣһȥһ㡣
Ȼһ㣬ȴҲ㹻ϲˡ
̫ٻЩϵ̴𽥱ͬĵرķ롣
ȻЧܾ̫ٻ𡣡÷ϲǣ̫ٻ𱻾ٶȣĳ
Բ˼ľ֮ǵؼп켶֮
д
֪˼ľ֮ֻܰĵر˼ͻʧЧͬؼ֮ܽĵرؼ
˼ľ֮û»ô졣
ⲻɵ÷𾪣ǣ˼֮ﶼǼ亱ģڵؼ֮ǷëǣҪǵļ۸ġ켶֮ǸûС
õ»Ȼǵؼ֮Ҿδ
Ǽ񵽱ˡЩңסˣûǽó˾˵Ч˷ֵĻ»ֻ
ڲ˴磬磬ֻзһ뿪Ȼõʲô
̫ٻ𱻾һЩҲûд۵ģҲ֮½һЩ
޿ɱģҲ⣬ӵ磬ֻҪ֮ϣ̫ٻȫһֱȥֱΪ켶ĵرߵǿ
Ȼ̫ٻҪȥҲûôףҪʱ䡣
ȵ̫ٻеʱɾҲǵȵķ룬ܴ½֮ԶҲûǿ١
ʼհɡ̫ٻ𣬿ʼȡѪе
ԭǶڽϣĽѪ̱ǿҵĺϢ
̶Ͽ˼ȡĶѪһٴγ
ôһ̫ٻѾǼȡһĽҲһ̣Ȼ۷ʱԶܱȡ
̫ٻⲿҲһЩ
ţһֵļȡ;
һ㶼ļעǲظĹ̡



1003 Ԫ
ƵĺܺãÿһμȡѽѪϸˮķʽȡӴ
ţ
䣬ͻȻɫһתͷ棬üͷɵ壬󣬷һʱ˴δ½֮ĺϡ
δ½棬һȺ˹
վסȵ
ͻȻðһˣһ׶ûУ˲˼ͨʱȺŵĹǺȿһɫ䣬æǰһ
ɶˡ˹
Ƿ
˶𣬷Ȼһ֮ǰ˲˶ʶûһûķṦΰѾ˲˴Ĵ棬С
ԭǽˣѹܺ׵ĳǰ
˻Ȼû˸ҵæǰ
Ǹˣ½ϿΪбسԡС
֪ûʲôأչǰϢȥκš˻룬ʵ⡣
»̫ˣ˴δ½ֹȻ˴˷֡
Ժ󻹻иǰһ֮ϵģȻ⣬ҲͷƵ˴ţɴཫʱΪ˽ء
ǣһá˷ܣΪ˰£ĻҲģڷµӡǸòˡ
˶󣬷ص˴δ½¿̫ٻȡ;
Ȼûжǰš
˼΢ʵ˵뷨Ҳû˵ȷʵҲϱأ»ֵķΧ̫㣬佫֮ŲҲӰ쵽̫ٻľΧҲ
뵽ʱһӴˣͶ˴δ½һ䡣
˼ϳ»Ӱ죬Чá
ѡֵ£лѩȥ¡
δ½ˣȫۼǸ䣬ûӰ쵽Ҳûȥᡣ

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ͬޱȣû֪԰ҵصϡ
һ֣ҺΪģԲʮڶʱסص÷о·ǻص麣죬ѹǿԶŴ½
ע⵽ҺڻɢţֻɢĹ̷ǳĻҲά֮á
Է˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ӻܼ򵥣ظţ̫ٻȡѪḶ́ҪƣȴҪ
ÿʱ򣬷ͽҺ֮أД֮
ȵԺϰߣֱѹ£̫ٻȡѪ
Щ̲ظţֱºռ㹻Ž˻Ӹ߲ɲӣ֮ϡ
һһŽ쾳۷
ӻ󣬷ٴξ̫ٻ𣬵ռˣٽ죬˲ظ
ʵҲڲϵš

ʱҴңһһĹȥ
ڷȫĵͶԼʱ
ǣ貽
Ӳߵȹ貽߲㣬ӼŮ⼸˲ǵˣʮ󶥼֮һԪ硣
ݹǵ⣬Ѿ֪ˡΪ׵Ŀ΢Ц񣬷׿ԽȻ΢ЦţӲߵ۹⣬ȻܸоԷĵĮ;Ӹ¡
ǿ꣬Ů޲ˣǿҵİ
Ӳ֪ԪһԶһԪܱȵģеҲҲû⡣
ǣǿǸǰҾʹ˹ȥӲߣҲǹ貽ĸˣݹԥ˵
ʦڱչأ¡국׼˽һ¾ϸڣ㴫̫ˣҪ꾡ģϣܽԶŴ½̸һ¡
Ȼǿ̬ȣȴǲ˾ܾ
⡭ðɡӲ߿£ֻѯϸڵĻҲʲô⣬ʹӦ
ǸȻμӵ˲٣յԶŴ½ģȴֻˣŻģֻз档
ܿ챻˹
ֻȴζҲһֱڲ˴չأ뿪Ҳǽ죬ҪҵȻûôס
ҲܣֱùͲأǲ˴ȻҲ硭ΨһǵˣȻҲ֪δ˵磬ںδ



1004 칬
һȺһ˶ҲڳǶԳԱԼʵ̫ˡ
һۡУһȥʮĳŭ𣬷йԼĲ
ǣǡ
ʦ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ףҲЩ̧̧֣ʾʦǰ
ǶԳԱԼǿȻǺҲܲҲû취ϾǱͽһƽ̨һҲ޳ȡԴҪʲôûӦģҲ̫ǿԼǺܹƽĽ
ûʲôôԳԱǿԼͲʵҪĻ¶ûжԸڳˡ
ҪıǵĹأݣȻԶԶ
ˣΣ񣬾ŪһϸڣǸǵģǸҶһЩ
ʱǸĳͻȻüͷһ壬ĴѶʯһۣߵԵʦ֣һԳԪռҵˣҪʦ
ռңû˵üԪޱ޼ʣСǲϲ̨СĶҪܾ֮ʣ룬ǵ˵ͷɣʲô¡
Ƭ̺һӿ첽˽ڵæһס
ռղ칬λˡ
ղޱȼ֪Щ˵ͬΪԪˣȻ˵칬֡
ԪľްԶռҺԪ֮ϡ
֪˵ղ̾ʶԼĻˡ
ʲô£Ӹµ
ǹ貽һ߲㣬֪Ǹзˣã֪һЩ鱨ղ˵
⻰һԭ
˵뺰
ǴôãǶԷһ֪֪Ͳ˴⣬Ͳ֪ģڳһˣȻ֪鱨β˷ܡ
ǡղҵæԼ˽⵽ĹڷԼռҺͷĶԹҲ˵˳
̣ƺ˵֡ҡҡͷûж⣬ŵҲûκ塣
ǷռѪҵֳҺ޲ýʬԽͷ֮ޣСӱƺվһλʥԲռҲղ
û˿ղûк³ռҵû칬ʥ֮սʸ񣬲˵ģһ֪վһλʥռ칬ʢŭ£ԻǨŭռңǲҪκ
ղڴ
󣬵ûһλʥռҵĲ²⣬ȴû֤ʵҲռɵĵط
ռҲ鲻칬Ҳˣܲܽ赶ɱˣֻҪܲûʥĪʤ
ʥ
һڣڶʱ͵վ𾪵Ըӡ
Ǻ칬Ҳﲻһλʥ˵ǽǺ칬ʮ֮һҲһĺĵһԱˣԶûдһʸ
ȫѻȸҳһڡ
λģǷʥйϵռҵĲ²ˣղæ
Ի
Ҳңûǣǲ֪ͷ˳ͻ𣬶ȷʵվһλʥĻǾһ
£Ǵӳ顣ĬƬ̺
˾Ū׺ʥûйϵйϵĻʲôϵ֮ǰһҪС¡
Ƿ֣ͺú̽һܺһλʥϹϵвͬѰ֮ĪĹ

˴硣
δ½
ƣ̫ٻͻȻصһ鿪˾޴Ļ棬ֲδ½
̱ѹ
һĻϾף̫ٻҪˣԽĵر˼֮
ɫ΢䣬ǵ»ԼҺ⣬߻ãЩ̫ٻ仯ֱ̬ӱٵΧɽҲһ鿪ļҲѺۡ
ͶâЩŷæ˴δ½Щˡ
δ½ϣֻܿʣ˷һˡ
ȴ̫ٻ׽
Ȼ̫ٻʱɢ产ˣɷһ֮һΰȫͲӰ졣
ʱš
ڣһ춯صĺ޴Ļ۳˳ģոµ̫ٻ뷽ơ
ʱ̫ٻɢϢµ˼㣬ԶԶ֮ǰ
ǿмĽ˼ĵرĽĲ˼飬Զпɱȵġ
~
ŷһֲʱδ½˺롣



1005 쾳۷
Ȼ
¶ϲ֮ɫţСԣ̫ٻܾǿޱȣһиûзӳ
˼ĵر׳Խĵرⲻ֮ǰֳԽǲ׵ģڲȫĳԽﵽµľ磬ʱ̫ٻʵǷԾʽġ
Ŀ̫ٻϡ
۵̫ٻҲһЩ仯ȼŵĻ棬ȫת˽ɫ̺ſֲĸ£Χչĸ̣ȴһڵ̫ٻǴĵر治ĵرĲȫˡ
ԿŽչͼڽλãһˮĽѪ
ѾԭǵνѪˣɽһΣǵνѪ̫ٻȡ׵˼õһνѪһҲ֮һ
˵˵ѪҺ̺ǿЩѪվĴ˵ѪҺͻŵĴ˵ѪҺһģҽѪҲûб̫ٻȫȡ൱һֶˡ
̫ٻ˼Ҫ׵ؼҪĽѪ࣬ʱҲԽʱûȥˡ
ȻõĿУЩȴȫˣ޷ɾƣҪҲ첻˵׵ؼĻҪĸҲһ
ǽ쾳۷ˡ૵
û£ʱ쾳۷ҲѾԶаգٽһλܳɹ
ʱ򣬷չĿҲʹﵽˡ
Խ죬һµʱ䣬ûȥĵط麣ȻûȥϾȥ麣ҲҪռģڷľȫڻϡ
ʣӣлѩŮ⣬ҺД֮Լǵ»£о顣
ĳ̶ȸˣԷòԶĿ״̬ҲЧѣȻûͻԵĽչЧҲǲһֱԼͻƵʱ䲻Զ
ʱһ̽˻졣
~
ڵ֮ˮһʱƾճ֣˸߲ɲ񷡣
ĳͼΣûԥһʱϣܿʮףΧɫ֮ѹǶȻʮ˷ӿѹŷ
ǰʮһ̨ףһΡ
ͻƵ쾳ڵʱǰʮףѹľˣ޷
ʱȴǶѹ޶ãϡ
ÿһڵ֮ѹӵʮֻֻеµĲκ󣬲ŻͻȻ䱩ʮ֮࡭
ǰʮǵһ㣬֮ͶԷá
ʮ֮ǵڶ㡣
ʮһףʮףʮסʮףʮһס
ɵϣٶȺܿ졣
һֱʮ׵ʱ򣬲ǿһϣ֮ѹ˲䱩ʮ
ĵڶ㣬ʮ׵ʮףܹʮס
㣬ʮ׵ĵطʼ
~
һо˷ӿѹ죬ܵĪѹ
һʱ򣬷ͽĵ㣬Ȼԭֹ
ǿŲʣǰ
ʮһףʮסȵʮ׵ʱ򣬷ͣټǰˣѾ˼ޡ
ͣʮ׵ĵطƺһڶкµ֮ž磬ͬʱҲڲ
ȵӦѹ󣬷ϣһǰ
ȫĶͶ֮УӣȻһصѹıﲻҿ
ʱţһĹȥ
º
ʮǧסҧҧû´Ļÿһ㶼ǰһҲ˵Ǵʮ׵ʮףܹʮףĲǴʮ׿ʼ
ס
ǧףǧסٶɿ쵽ʮǧ׵ĵطͣ
ȻѹѾ첻вˣǷ̤һεĿ¡Ҫǿ
һֱٹһ£׼ǰһǧתۼһ̤˳ȥ
ʮףĲ㡣
䡣
ֲѹ˷ӿ׼ǸоϢȥ嶼Ҫ˺Ƭÿµһ㣬ΣգҲѵʱ̡
ӦģŨ֮ĵɫ֮ҲǷӿ˷ڣľ
˲ʮ룬Ҳ룬һص˵㣬ΧĿֲѹʱʧһɶĲ㣬·ú͵
ϢƬ̣ȵָĲˣٴ̤˵Ĳ㣬Żع顭
ڵĲĶ㣬֮ľԽԽǿ
һº󣬷һ̤˵Ĳ㣬Ȼ޷ȴվס˽š
֮Х뷽ڡ
ľ磬˱ʵɱ䣬Լ֮󣬽ǳʵɱ˻ͶӰ



1006 Ķ
쾳۷塣
֮󣬷ǵһ
ѾǷǳˣҪ֪ǿޱȣҪ磬Ҳһ֮ˮʱĽûô죬ѰҺʵͻ˷ʱ䡭
ڽ쾳۷ˡ
ĳ˷ܲѣоǰδеǿ󣬼ǰ˵İ۷壬ԶԶڣϾĽ쾳۷壬ӡȫͷųǺСһ棬طȫ
ʱǿ˺̶ֳȣǷҲ
ңĸоڵĻ麣ͶӰڻƶŷ仯һһңֱռߣ֮ƺʲôγһʹâ̺ѣһȻǾ׵Զ󣬿½ѪԶԶ
ҲһֱʹâȻǾһ壬ҲΪе˶
ʹâо֪԰Ƿݵ޻֪ʶ棬ûйŹâĽܡ
֮ʱȼˣγɻͶӰҲûγʹâ
ߣΪʱ̫̣ҲпγɵĻͶӰ⣬ԶܺĻͶӰᲢۡ
Ľ쾳۷壬Զʤʱ
Ҳδؾһ΢΢ҡͷʹâкܴļʱǾԡ
һȻ֮ҲֻΪƴȵͶ·ûѡʱ򣬲ȥ岻ļʡ
صĺ֢Ӧҵ廹ǿ󡣡૵
쾳۷壬ǷһͻƵĸûУĻ˳ͻƵľûκġ
ɼεƿԶͨ۷ʱļѣΪʱǿ̫ˣԸоԼĲ㣬ҪܳʱĻۣԼĸΪǿ󣬲ܳɹͻơ
Ȼ޷ͻƵľЩԶûϣͻƵĵ˵Ǻó̫ˡ
ƿι̣ҲбͻƵһ죬ƿԽѣͻƺҲӵǿ
ûȥˡ
չصĿ궼Ѿʵ֣ҶʱڣҲûмͻƵļ󣬷ҲûȤȥ
콫꣬ųҲѾǿ˼¡
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ֻҪУͲܵĴţϴν죬ֲȷϵģȻٺò÷ȫ
ص˴磬һʱպ󣬾ͽ麣
ʱĲղŪʲôֶΣ
һ߾꣬ڼûн麣һΣҲ֪ûʲô仯淢ѶϢ󣬾һ¥
ûȴһλ֮͡
μ棬ҽ룬Ԫ纣칬ˡԹԵڷϹº͵Цݡ
üͷ𣿡
ʲô˼һΪ칬֣ͻһ֪һ㷴ӦûУ˵һĪĻ
Ҷģ㣬ѣ칬ˣôû𣿡
벪ȻŭǺεԺ칬Ԫ磬ܶΪϱ貽ĹҲԽӴйĴ˺ȳⲻأԣܴ衣
ǵ󣬿һλʥԼǶ֣ǿŭ𣬲ɫͲôÿˡ
ϻ˵мҪ㡣ɵĿǸҵʦ𷢲ģҷ˼֮ŪһϸھʶȤĻʵʵİһж˵
񡣡΢𣬱ϲɫȴ˾޴Ĳ
Ǹ⣬֪ˣҵõ˳»󣬻Ҳܿ϶ԷĿģ
ⷬҲʦ֪ͨʲô֪ԶŴ½Ҫõ»ּɵıͷ˿ñȥ̽ϸڡ
Լʦ𣬷ǰøжûС
̤ԶŴ½ĸǻŻģȴֻˣܻʮа˾Ҳ
Ǹûʲô˵ģ˵ҶѾ˵ˡ
ŭһ
ȻŲ¹شҪΪȷ֤ݡ
ȻˣҲҶʯ˵һ飿һһɢɫӫʯ
ʯȻ֪ʲô⡣
൱ڲǣЧӵĺãһ˵̾ͻᱻ
ңĿ
ʹʯαĳ˵ȷʵһ裬İնԷҪȥ
ûʲô費ģ棬ʹùʯ뵭ǵУһɾ
ֱӻӦһ֡
ãܺãΪ˳Ǻ칬ͲҶ㡣зŭ˼㡣
ڷĵ飬ʱûнʵϣ칬Ҳ̫İա
ϾԪĳһλʥкĹϵ칬ܵǣĶ磬ֻʥǾûˡ
ӽ뿪ʼڲϵֵ̽һЩ̾ܿ϶ʥûκιϵҪɱҪоϤ㣬ֻȴǿӲޱȣϸ
ˡһ⻰̷ӦԺҲһ˵֣ղ
칬ʲôȼȷʵ֪ǿԷɣȻǿޱȡ
˳Էʱȴſƣһ仰֪ղ϶Ӵǿ϶ҲɣԼһλʥΪôƣ
ֵԽǿƣǾͻԽɵ
һŻƤȻȥҴϾڻǿ
շģûеӺҶĶǿԼһϣЦſżƣڳǵĻĶû֣Ҳң
΢ʱӿ϶ղͶԷӴԲŻ֪ȱ֡
ûĶջ󣬷ȷʵԿܡ
ڳǣõֲֻһ;бģȻҪԴ
֮⣬㻹ܽ۸ڳǣһ֣ԼϴսĶ
Ȼ۶ڳǣ϶ԿͷĶҪôԼãҪôֵߣٻ֣ҲûѡڶĶ
ţҲΪԵʱԼһ۷ʵһʱ们䣬ڴսս޲ʤˣĽٷְʤٰܶࡣ
ڡ
˲мƵı飬˵ͷ
ȻҪͻ֣Ȼûɾܾ



1007 ս
ͻ֡
˷⻰ɫʱĺѿĲѪҪ֪Ǻ칬ŵӣ˿𣬺ͷĶĶûʼأȻͱ˵ͻ֣Ľܡ
ãáշģҵҪ˴ս㻹ܲЦĳһݻȥһ̶ȥˡ
Ȼⷬ̽󣬴ʱԷһλʥѾмˡ
ʥƾһҺԼԡ
ճûãɫЩ׵˽ȻѾһ֮ĳͻͶĶڶС
Ҳûй˼үүȻһ֮ǺԪĺ칬ȫûɱԵģȻҷ
㣬㡭ǿǺ칬˰ɬ
ԪǶ磬ԴԶĴɱȵģҺ칬ԪҲСǺ칬ŵӣܽ뺣칬ǾһҴСޱԽĻ³ɳģ޷Դʵ֪жǿ
Խ˵ȥԽãĶĶίʵһʤ㶼ûУò˵̫嶯ˡ
Ρ۵Լͷѵ͸𣿡
ҡˣԤףʤɡûм˵ȥ
˵ͷ
뽻涼ûתͷߣһܿ˾ԿɽڶԺ칬η壬Ҳ֮ûʲô˵ġ
ܿ죬ս飬˾ĶĶ
˵Ĵ£ս칬Ϣ̴˳ȥ˴
˵ҪĶһǺ칬
ǿǺ칬ȥȻ˸սǣ˵ʲô֪

ⳡĶ̱ע
ûʲôҲͰˣؼǶĶһ칬̫ˡ
˵棬ʥǵһεĻԺ칬˾ǵڶΣڶ涼ٮٮߣϵĶĶȻĿ
ڳǣȥս·ϣ鲻
ƣƺͷ㷲ڳҲкüˣֵĳҲǵһμӿսڵǵ޴
˵ͷ
˴Ϣѹ⣬ҲǶԼʮ㣬ΪԼ䣬Ż
Ŀ±ܣǷɨأҲپܾʹʯ
漴ЦôҲ֮λˣ΢ĩսյǶôѹȻǲڻ¡
սͬڳǵߴҪ֮һߵǵ촹ľ޴ǰһ˽ȥ
ʱĳտȵɸѡĴսǽȻֻͬ˵տģǴսһС֡
ΧĿ̨ϣǾ޴սֳɲͬս
ʱ˴ʱսĿ̨ϣѾ˼ˣɼǺε֮ࡣ
һȴӺ󷽴
عͷȥΪ׵һ˴˽ĿĿ
Ǹ˾ղһţǰó޵Ŀŷ˵⻹Ƿһμղˡ
ڳе㣬ûСмĿ۷Щﳤȥ˴ս
ˣˡ
칬˵ˡ
һ˵ע⡣
治Ұ㣿Ǳߵ˿ĭʵ
áҡҡͷս뺣칬ңңԡ
һȥ̨ϵȫסˡ
սĺ칬ôһˣ
ûɣ칬Ǳ߿ʮ˵ģһôѵбû
һʼǻЩɣΪߵ˻û룬ǵȷһһ޴ĹֶʱӵϸڣʱȫȻ
ȷϣս칬һֻзһˡ
ʲôЦ
쾳۷ĵޣôڳǵģ
ûж˿÷ԷǺ칬ȻĶĻȻһһ˫֮ȴԽܣǷһʮˣһĻǻ˵Ĺȥ
ȻҲ˳
쾳۷ܽڳǣĵޣԷͬСɣϾһĽ쾳۷ޣҲǽʵˡ
£Ƿˡ
ֻĵޣ磬ﵽĲΡ
Ȼһλĵޡ



1008 ɱ
սһս
ô£Ǳô֡һֻܺһ޳߳սͻȻü˴սһǡ
սֳս򣬿ͬʱսıȽ磬вʲô
ʦ֡
ηɴˡ
Χ˷׷ӿ˹¶޾羴֮ɫ
ηɿɲ򵥣׿֮ʵǿǷͬСɣһλʥδһ棬ں칬֮ϡ
ǣηҲǵһεˣȱԴ֮ԻǣҪҲΪ
ûʲôֻս칬ηɵѯʣ̾˻ش
칬е˼η¶Ȥɫߣȥ
һߵ˴սһߣҲ̿˶ŵ˫ս칬ģǷһˣЩ˷׷¶мһ˵ɫ
ηû˵ʲôҲЩΪȻ

ĶĹ򣬲Ǽ򵥵ĳս
ȣĳսĳ֮󣬻ԸԸ³ȫ淽ˡ
ңÿһĶĻҲͬ
ϣÿһĶһ3000Ļ֣⣬һӻ֡
һ10֣ڶ100֡ÿһӻ־һĻϱʮԣԽӮ棬־ԽţĳʤߣӮȡ13000ˣڵ峡103000֡ȻǰǶԷôĻ֣һò㹻Ļ֣ĶԶֹͣ
û̵̫ĶĶ򣬷Ҳܽܣɷʥ˼ɡ
Ķ򣬷ûоܾҲܿ͸뷨
ȻԷôһɵģǰļӦ̽ƳĵƺͼޣȻϳʤ
ŵĻʽȫıԷԻֵ󣬱ȻϣһӮȥõһ֣ѵʮһ
һˣ֮Ļ֣Ҳòʱ˳÷ʹʯ
ûĻĶͿʼɡʱ߽С
û⡣
֪ҵҪ쵽ȥЦһתԱߵղԸһϳ
õģղҲûʲôתͷһˡ
ʮ棬ʦ⣬ģȫղˡ
ôҲǹ貽ĸ߲㣬ԼȨƣղʵһЩǿߣǰûжãΪǷʥϾЩпܳԼǶĶղȻ޹ǡ
ɽ棬ϡղ
ǡɽһƼݵĺӣԶʱվǰȥ
ǿϢ͵
Ȼȥۣʵȴ˿
ڡ
һϳˣǶǿߣùս治Ϊ˰ѺϾȫʤ״̬£ҲǶڰˣ֪棬ǰҲһʵ
Сӣ㵹ùɽߵǰ¶һɭЦ֪ʵҲǶڣȻھȼǰˣǰ㻹ǲһ
ͬΪڣҲǿ֣֮Ҳ༫󣬻ɽܹٶڵĶ֣˶Իܷûκλɡ
ͼ֪ǻɽΪʲô̽Ƕһ١
һ쾳۷ĵޣ쵽ȥ
ɱۻɽ棬ֵ10֡
ûף֪Ķȴ̲סЦԭĽһɨա
ɽȻ⻰˼ɫʱ
ܺãӵȻŰûУֻ׼һֻ֣Ҫ˫˫һϣʱ򣬵˭ſɱɽŭЦ
ȥ
һɽ˶·˾һ㣬ݺһţ˶˳ȥһֻƱıȷȥ
ǿйȻڴսϣԻƻ˼£ȻԿһĿ¡
ǿһҾ͵һڵǿɫס
վԭأȴɫûһ¡
̫ٻִ︡Žһ̳ûеĵرȻһ̳ȴǳǰ۷ʱ̡
ɫȼЯŷ֮˻ɽ޴ϡ
á
о̫ٻ̺Ŀֲɽɫ䣬ȴѾˡ
~
˶ķһѪѪ֮󣬾Ȼȼ
һɻ棬ӻɽӿֽŷյĽںʧ
Ȼû֮ǣǻɽϢȴ˼㣬Ȼˡ
һʤ
ȫԾ



1009 ޿ƥ
ȫѻȸ˶ˡ
ͻɽٸغϣȻŽɽܵĻ˻γԾڷһҿӣ⻹Ǻһûóȫʵ
Ȼһش˻ɽ档
ʣʵԶԶڻɽ֮ϣ˸һεġ
ôܡ͵شλվʧ˳Ͼ𾪡
ҲͰˣϾԷ˽Ĳ֪࣬ʵΣ𾪹𾪣ʶԷǺ˽ġ
Ҫ֪ǰҲһڰΪԶŴ½ʱпʵǾ޿ܣĻˡҲ˵̶̵ļʱ䣬ͽ̶ֳȡ
𿴻ɽĹƲ̫ˣΪڴսһĴ磬ȭգѴ½Ҳ£ˣȴһش
⡭̫˼ˡ
еԸӡ
ͬе𾪵ģղ˫ʧȭͷ߬ԽǿԽߺޡ
̶̶̼̼꣬ꡭղૡ
һηʧʵһδԾӻʱһڣ˶ڣھȻһΣղ޾Ŀ־塣
ĳɳ̫ˣɱռҾ֮ء
ηɵЩΪȻʧ֣ⳡĶûô򵥣ηΧЩˣЩڨڨ
ǶⳡĶҲǲмһˣڵȴǴϣһЩѾ֮ǰûдʴʡ
һ˶ʶⳡĶһߵ
Ȼе㱾¡ɫԷʥĲ²⣬һ֡
Ȼ֪ûôöԸɲõȥ
ڶˡ
ղҵڶͬ߳ˣ˵Լ棬ǰղˣ̽ʵĳʼǺ칬³ˡ
ղˣΪ㹻ӦĶˣղҲкܴģھͽ֪
ʣľ֮ɫղоǱ
ǹ貽ĸ߲㣬絽һЩǿߣܱģǶǿˣȫ磬һûУǴ󲿷ֶͻɽڲ֮䣬ɽ涼һشβĻš
ĬղһˣУǿһڡ
ϣ۷Լߵǿߣ̫ܱղסˣҲòôʱ
Ĭվ˳һĸߴ׳ᣬ
סǵĿģǾ̽ʵ¶ࡣ뿴Ĭ˵һ䡣
˵ʵҲĬȻڱȶҪǿ̫࣬ɷһֳģԲֹڡ
İɣҵǿĬȻЩˬɶԷԪ纣칬ˣҲҵ
ڶʼ
ҲܿɱĬ΢Цһʤ3010֣ףȻ
ĬԴŭ֪⻰˼˵Ȼɽòȥֵֻ100֣ţһ궯
Ϊһᱻ㼤ŭĬȻǿӮҲס
û˵ϻӶ̫ٻֱһ˹ȥɫȼա
ͬһɽش
Ĭ˿⣬һӳһâϸסȫһʱ䣬ƺʹΪһ壬һֲɺĸо
һնĬϣ͵ػζ£̾һˡ
һȻͽ޹
۾΢΢ĬǶڣʵȻɽǿ̫һԭ򣬵ǸҪģֵâڴսĻ»Ӻճ죬
⡭ѵ淨˾
ӡȷʵһ淨ûţûҡ
ڳǣҪõ淨淨ֻ࣬Ҫ㹻Ļ֣ܻȡ
淨ǷͬСɣһط֮ϣ淨淨ҪŶǧѣ˵֮󣬾һɹġ
䶨ˡ
ɵ˷һĬʱĴǣ̲סЦ
𣿡
һӳ
ûáĬŸճڣҲ˵ȥˣֲͬǿȻӵ̫ٻϣڷД֮ƶ£䵽ʱ䣬ܡ
ܡ
Ĭɫ䣬ֱĸеʶľҪܣﻹüһȻնϣ޿ƥе˲˺ϵĻâĬ׻Ŵȥ͵һѪڵ˳ȥԲѡ



1010 
ӮˣȻӮˡ
Ĭȥһʧ
ǿʵѹָһս칬Ҫˡ
˭˵ģ˶Ǻ칬ˣʦûû³أú칬ŵӣѵ᲻ˣ
ΣûҲûȫ¹˭֣δ֪
̨ϣ˶ⳡĶΪĹ㣬˻ǲ٣ַ֧ģҲֺ֧칬ġ
пѡ
Ǻתľ
һʼû˿÷ϵΪȫǳһߵ־磬ǽѹԵʤȴŤתֹ
Ƕǿߵ𾴡
ڳȻǿƣҲһȫϵģչֳʵѾ㹻ǵĳϺ𾴡
ޡ
η𾪣쵽̶ȣͬȳ̶£¶ŵ޲ˡ
޵Ҫ˭֪ÿ٣ȫޣĵӣϧͶ뺣Դ֮½ĵرŵȵȣ޲ģ۵λҪη֮ϡ
ȥϡηתͷȥ

ղ͵شλվ𣬽Ȼ£ɫҲǲ԰
ѧϰ淨Ĭܻܡתͷȥ⼸ˣһΣղǵ˺ޱĿ־塣
ˣ߿ǳ˵ѡˣĬѾǿˡղɬȻʣʵò˵
ϳĻղҲǺް취
áĶĹ棬ĳսǱģ˷ѵղõóǿҲͰˣܣ֮ǰԼͱĶˣĳ֮󣬷˳Ļ벻˼ҪգǻĶ
˶˵Ǻ칬óս˶ĶȻӮһλ쾳ޡ
ҪǴȥԺ칬Ӱ󣬿ҪˣҲӰ쵽ں칬ǰ;
ʦ֣ϰɡվ˳
ȻʤԵûȫԸչֳǿȴܴݣʮ㡣
ʦֳһⲻ֪ߵغķ
ʦǱ̳ĺĵ棬ǰʮġ
ˣԺ칬ʮ֮һǶǺĺĵӡ
һֹȴҪռ֮ǿ̫ˣԪǿ֮࣬޷ģںкĵǰʮŵռҵĻ
ʦܣжٰգԥ£ʵ
̺򲨣ѾˡȻ
ԣʱ˼΢
̺򲨣Ǻе淨ûеģȺĵӣ޵淨Ȼ̺򲨡
Ȼ淨Ѷȼ󣬲ҲǼΪ̡
ԼںĺĵǰʮҲǱ̺һ淨ոŰˡ
뱾ΪҪŵı̺򲨣ʵܴﵽ۷ĳ̶ȣ𿴽Ĭ߳һȼȻ˵ʵ˵ǲ༫ĬһҲĶ֡
ãһʦϡ˵ͷҪСģСӲ򵥣쾳۷ʵ˵һŵ޵淨
淨ǿѶȱ淨ֲ֪ѳٱȻҲǿ౶ԶԶﲻų̶ȣһƤëǷͬСɡ
õģʦ֣ǰսСӵĵϸһѾˣʲô淨΢΢һЦţҶ֡
ֻǿϧˣʦûгĻˡ˵꣬볡
һ̨ϵնʱ
ԭܼ򵥣ǰ˶Ǻ칬ˣսʤǣȻ𶯺ܴ󣬵侲оҲˡ
ڳˣ칬ˡ
սǺ칬칬˳ٳٲǾǸЦˡ
ڶʤʱǧ֣ǰһƬ̼䣬׬ǧ֡
ֻҪӮһеĻ־ˣ֮ط淨ĵһ㡣
ĹȻǿ죬ȻĶзգûܱ֤һֱӮȥ
ϳ롣
кܿսʼ
շģĵϸѾ͸ˣҲˣȻװĺƺûʲô֪ĬһУѾȫû̶֣٩٩̸һָĻζ¡
һӡ뵭һӺһ㵹䣬ϣֵܼľһ㣬ҪӮ̫Ȥ
ǿţӿҲÿ̨ϲ˵۾оһʵĴս
׳աֱӻ֡

Ŀʱ



1011 ̺
֪üͷǵ㱳ˣһӣҸıˣڣҾͻ㡣
⻰һ˶ǻȻ
ԭѹֺ칬˲ų֣ȵϣΪ˲÷̫ѿǺ棬󵽵ʲô칬Ҫɵ
ηʦ֣֪ʲô𣿡ηԣһ˺ʵ
ηҡҡͷû˵
˵ķӦаԵ⣬ʣⷬ˵ķǳƯѶԺ칬ĿȫųˣֻҪƯƯӮһսβǵĿܴﵽΪ칬˵ȻȥԼںĵλ
ֻҪɵˡ
뵽ĿͶɡ
ԲѡҲǸֵ1000ֵļһˡ
㡭õƤ鴤£дŭǷĬͻɽ˵Ļû뵽Ȼ׵ͷϣѵ칬ӵܣܱȵ
ʮϢʮϢӮ㣬䡣ԭһӵӣٵڵʮϢɼеķŭҲɿǿš
ø˵
һȡһͨεɫꪣִУϵƣ̷θ
ͬһɫâɢ˳ܣγһɫУڴսĻɫеĹģԶֹڣǿӿ˳
̺򲨡̨ϣηɵ۾
˶ʶһ淨ģȻҲϳϲˣҲܴʹ淨Ͽһ淨ǿ淨淨ճ̶ȣȻǰĬܱȵġ
ȻԼģηҲ֪һʩչǿֶΡ
ҺĶ淨̺򲨣Ұܰɡɱӿ˳Ӷꪣ͵ǰһ
~
޴ĺУܵɫУ·ǱĺƵģһ޴˻ŷݺ˹ȥ
һʱ䣬ϵ£зλпռ䣬޴˻޿ӡ
ÿһˣףԻٵһȡ
ÿµ淨
⾪˵󣬲˶ǺȻɫ䣬ϳĻԽӲʱ֧ţ˷ԴԴϵľ˹£Ҳû
ҿֶ֧ãĻ䡣Ц·𿴵ԼӮʤ
¡¡¡¡
˷ӿսƬսȫϯ˽ȥͬһ󣬵ȻͨĺҪ̫ˡ
Ǹأѵھ˵ѹˣӰ˶ʱ²⡣
ֳģһֱǿĹԷƵĴӡҲһܣǷķжǿȴ֪
˶ɲʱһɫ⣬ͻȻεɫĺתۼ䣬ͻ𣬾˷ӿҪ֮ȴһЧûУٵ
ܿ죬սľȫʧɫپ
Уǰ
~
ܵɫУͻȻ䱬˿ϸ㣬ʧ
̺һ淨ˡ
ôܡ͵վ
̨ϵˣҲȫĿɿڴ仯Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ոջǾ˷ӿƺѹˣһӾͱյĸɸɾҾ淨˸ˡ
룬ǳɵˡ
Ϊڱ̺򲨵Ĺ£û֪һˣ
Ϊ˷ĵϸ˽˷ȫʵڲ֪ش
ʲôһӽЩһЦ
ţƤĺܴ󣬿ϧһһӳʱɣ˶˳ȥڣûǶ˵ȥ
ʤ
Ļ֣Ҳһҹǵһϡ
뵱˼¹򣬲ǧ֣ЩпЩлЩˣװͻָȻ˿϶飬֪ʲô»Ѫ
칬Ҳˣ졭
˶ޱȡ
Ȼˣʵ˶ʩչ̺һ淨ʱ򣬾Ƕ۷ʵɻܡ
֪Ŀ¡
һ쾳
ĳˣһĿͶˡ
󣬿˶Уȴ͵һ顣
칬У΢ǿһģҲûУǱ밲ڵĳǷ˵仰
ǲ֪⻰Ǽ٣ĴĳߣǾ˷۱ˣǵʲôûõһʻ֡
˵һ仰ǱƵ˾·
ĳϡ
һλվ



1012 ϳ
ʦ֣
׼սʱͻȻסˣסǸ׼֮ϳˡ
Զʦܡ΢΢һЩĿŶԷ
ǵĺ칬ˣ롢롢Զ⣬ֻһʦܺʦˣʵ΢ǿﵽһ죬Ȼ߱ϳʸγҲĴ¼ģѾˣǺ칬ıϣԶһֱܵ͵Էʵ֮£Ҫʤһ㡣
ʦ֣ҲھͱϳԶﵭ˵Ļⷽô죬ʦ㶼ˣǺ칬Ķ˼ҶĶǿʦ㶼ܡ
ֻҪӮʤһлصأսӮȻҲܶҲû䣬ⷽȻ˵ܴĳˣǰǵĶĶԽֵӵľԽԻֵѵ׷ԲܣˣҲû䡣
붼ˣҲĶ֣ҵĿ겻սʤĥⷽǿ޵Уսĳѵһ㶼𣬵ĵĲ࣬ʱʦϳһսʤ
󣬷Զ˵һ䣺ңҲò̫Ļ֡
ⷬһ˵΢΢һҲǴ֮ˣϾ˷Զ˼
һжԳɰӢֻۣҪʤǺ칬õʲôֶΣǶҪȻǺβҲⳡʤᱻڸֻҪӮ͹ˡ
ĿģҪ÷˵ԶŴ½һϸڣֻҪﵽĿģʲô
ȻսҲƵʹȥȲ˵᲻ܣ߾ò峡Ҫʮ˰쭵һٶ򡭡
칬ֻܴ峡ôҪĶĶȻܽˣ˵ĳɷԶϣ峡
ȷʵпڵĳ˳ǸԲ󣬼ˣҲûɶ
뻹ûг칬ǿһûаܡһҲඪˣȫ˵ǲҺս֪Ķ֡
ãĳ鷳Զʦˡ˹˻ȥ
һԣղɫȴǰˡ
ڵѪ
ԼĹ˵ǲŶãĻȿⳡĶĻ֣ȫղóġ
ղǹ貽ĸ߲㣬ÿ궼ܻһЩְָ֮㣬ҲһʣʵûȥʸֻܿʱܣǰλãĴҲС
ʮ֣Ͼĵˡ
Ļ֣òҲ˵ĶȻֹڵ峡
峡ȫܡղļҵ׶ᱻȫȥ
ղͲܴĳľͲܸŵġ
ղûпǹĿܣϾǿǳԺ칬Ԫľްĵһ׿ԽţҪһ׾٣Ȼʱı֣ȴղԽԽûףҲ˻⡣
ں̫ˣղҲֻƴ칬Ӯ
ĳĶ֣ҡԶս
ûҲûʲôʧģȻ칬׼һЩ֣ǷȻȴ֮
սʼ
Զʵ뻹ҪǿһߣȡսԣȴǺȻͬһͲȡȫ̵ƣͬǱ̺淨ڷԶʹóһܣʵʵģԶʣµʮ˹
ͼǳԣҪĥ
ϾǵĳˣǰսһǶ죬·ʵǿҲвСˡ
ŵȭͷҲǳģá
ԶŴ½ʱ򣬷սʱſٻ䣬һڵķҲˡ
ֻĵǣڵķƺȫûǸ㣬ϵϢԽԽǿδ
쾳۷壬˶ԷѾãǷľ˲ܷһЩãŲַӡȻʵȣҲн쾳ôԡ
ĳսûκ
Զܡ
˵κ˵ϣϾԶͼǳˣҲ쵽ˡ
ȫȡƵķԶһ֮ã³
ˣʤĳķûκԼղ˶ЩŵĿŷ֪᲻սȥ
Ǿϲǣûκ³˼վڳС
峡ˡ
룬ɡ
һе̫ٻ𣬷ָ룬ֱӷս



1013 ȫʤ
峡103000֡
һΪĿ۵ġ볤Цһλվս
ԲţսĳķһĶûУǷԶһĺܴôϵһӲŷֳʤأ
̺һ淨ȻɹأȫĻҲǲվȲ˴淨ԷʵҪսʤԶȫأҲ֧ôãˣԿ϶ļȻϿΰˡ
һĿ£㳹׻ܡ
бµĻ˵ϻʮ֣˶ѡ
ǿĽɫ棬̫ٻ
ܴɡͬûзϻʱָ˼ǰ㲻κνҡ
ʶһ£Ǻı̺򲨰ɡ
жһɫӶųǿҵɫâʱŷ˳ܣγһ޴ɫУ롢ԶﲻͬʱϵɫУģҪȺߴĶ࣬Ҳһǻתš
ʹ̺򲨣ͱ˽ȻͬʱɫУ·ӵһ
̺šηɵɫ΢䣬û뵽Ȼһ淨ˡ
Ҫ淨ţ̤һãǺεȵļѣҲǾס
ʵѾֱ죬Σˡηء
ÿһ죬ʵرͬǶ۷ʵͷԶﲻǳ۷壬ӽ죬Ҫǿֹ
淨šҲĿ΢
淨ˣûһ淨ˣٵ֮УȻܴõʱķ˿ͬûţ淨ǷͬСɵġ
ˣ־ˣϧں̫ˡЦһΪǺˣиǴ󶨡
ɱ
һȣ˴ɫг˳ͬʱɫлתţЩҲһɿµĽɱ֮·Ҫһж
ЩҲ鶯ޱȣٶȴ˿ɱȡ
̺ʹʱΡ
Ϊ֮ǰľȫ𣿡ԽɱĲˣȴüͷûһ£̫ٻĨ
һ̡
~
ֲĽɫɢԶ֮ǰĿϢĲˣûпͱֿµĸ¾
˼ĵرôܡ̨ϣηֱվϵԸӡ
û뵽û뵽һֱʵеĵرȻ˼ĵر
ⳬηɵ
˼飬˼ĵرڵֱӾ졭
룬䶨ˡ
˶ĿɿڴڳǣǵȻҲ֪˼ĵر
ܣⲻܡܵģˣΪ·û뵽Ȼһ̵ֱڣŽҿǿĵơ
ΪʲôộΪʲôһӾ˹Ǵ⣬ΪԼȲʤȯȻһѻ͵
ĳΪʲôӮôѣΪ˸һźš
Ц
쾳۷壬ƿĵر࣬շʹõģȻǲ룬ǲܣ̫ٻ̫ǿˣٶһĵرͳ˷ƿطΧ
˼ĵرǺε֮ǿ⿿̫ٻ𣬷ʵֱ죬˵бֶΣȻЩԶ̫ٻȴҲ÷վ졣
ı̺ţҲֱˣ죬Ȼһ
ܰɡ
ȥϵľʧ룬Ӷ̫ٻֱӷɳһɫĻķ˳ľˣ嵽ǰ
תɫУֱ鿪˱ɳȥ
ʤ
ӳһǷҲǸеЩƣȻĲСΣչӮˡ
~
ղɫһӲ԰׵˼㣬ָţ͵һѪĻ˹ȥ
ǵ˿𣬷һսӮһʻ֣ղҵĴղνܵˣûеͺܲˡ
˭ָ칬
Ӯ֣ȻٺòֻЩźǣ칬ʣµ㿴ңҿ㣬ȴȫͷȥηŲȥ
ղ붼˹ȥûˣǵʵҲǷĶ֣˵ҲòĻˡ
ĵľˣǱˣǻҷźݻǷʥⳡĶ²ĿԸǴҲ˵ݻûС
칬ҳսվ˳Ӯ˶Ķʤ
ȻûһԤϵĵ



1014 ǧ
ûȥԵղˣ߳˴ս
̨ϣͶĿⶼޱȸӡ
칬Ȼˣû뵽
ǿչֵ쾡£˵ǣʵҲԶƲ޵У˭ָ˵չֳģȫʵء
ϲϲհЦݵӭ
ⷬʤҲǺݺݳһڶ֮ǰûǣ칬ҵʹʯ˵ηں칬ǿ󣬲ΥҪ˵ûһŭԹǲܵġ
Щ߸ϣ·֮һ˱ĻܣǱޱȣ;ãԼıй˳˵ʹ졣
ʮ֣ȷʵǴաҲܲ
ͨ峡սǶԼʵ˺ֵزЩףӮȡ˴ʻ֣һҹȻ졣
֪뷨»ٶȻȥ
֣μ棬ҽηɡһ޳ͻȻ˹ҽܵ
ţηһۣûдӶԷϸо⡣
һԵηʱȴǷһȻ֪˶Է
ǣ
ðˣղŷֺͺ칬˶ĶȫԷҲʮ壬Ҫʶһ£Ļպ츮¥ληûֱ˵Լ⡣
̹ϵ̬ȣ÷һøУҶԷԶûǰӸ¡
Ҳá˵ͷҪύԼ̬ȳϿңҲûбҪ顣
η¶ϲɫ˹֣ȥ׼ˡ
ηɣȻҪǡ𾪵
ηʲôȵڳǵʱ䲻ȷʵ֪ηʲô츮¥Ƕľ¥Էĳ⵹Ǻ㡣
Ȼηɶ֪Ҳǣǵʱ̫ˣηڳǵһԪˣ֪ʥȺ칬Ҫǿ̫ˡЩţȻǳԽңǺǸ߿ɱԵģηڳǵĵλҲԶ󼰣û뵽ͬһ졣
ʥ
ҲΪսʤ칬Եʣһ쾳ޣ˼ĵرսʤ칬ˣȻĿ
ӦҪҲΪηɵ̬ŵĺƽǺʱΪǣʲôᡣ
˵ڳƺвԪˡͻȻһ¡
ղ칬ˣηɣȫԪ磬ʮ󶥼磬ΪʲôƫƫԪô࣬ǷģԪӶࡣ
ҵ֪һ㣬˵ǵĽȻʮ󶥼綼˽ҪΪĶڱĵطԪ֮һڳ棬Ԫ˲٣ᾭҲ֡͵
ԭˡ
ʮ󶥼磬йӴģҲֻԪ磬ĶĸвͬҲ޷⡣
;ģҲǵĵط۹ģ϶ܺȡ
ͬĵ˵ͷϾ麣ҪѶҲС߲磬Ͳ˵ˣôڣԴ֮ؾͺֵоΪж綼ķڸ߲硣
ΧͻȻ˷ӴսҴ˳ȥ
ʲôһ
ҲãȻܿƺյϢ¶֮ɫ
ǹ貽Ǳߣǳ˸˲õ񣬷ǳľˡ漱
ȥɫһ
˿첽˴ս貽һ·ϣԿд˴ӸгĿȻͷһ
Ǹ񣬾ڳǡ
貽ʱΪҺĿռǳĴ󣬵Ҳɵˡ
ȻǾ񡣡
˭ôֱʣܷľ񡣡

ϵʱ򣬴Ա˵УҲһ˽⡣
۵񣬺ȻһҪ֪ǵڶ棬߼ҲǾǣġ
쿴Ľ
̧ͷ򹫲ľ޴Ļ׵񷢳ҫ۹â˵Ŀ⣬ȻǸ
ĿĩβıϣҲǻһ
һǧ֡
ĽȻһǧ֣һ
Ӻ칬Ӯʮ֣ΪǱˣǺǧֽǲֵһᡣ
һǧ֡Ǿˣһ񣬶ܲ



1015 ߸һ
ҵĻ»ʮ꣬ܲһǧ֡૵
⻰ò˷׷׵ͷ
ڳǣֱͲֻ̫Ǽ񱨳٣ֶ࣬ÿζɵģ֮ǰղ֣ȷ˵ǼȻΣأǿʵ׼һЩ֮ļʷǳ
һٶҲûκ塣
ˣˣһӶܲһǧ֡
΢΢ü
ڳ߼Ȼ٣ҲûУЩı꣬϶Ǽʮ֣һֵĶǷëǣһǧһڳǡ
ʷû֮һ
׻񡣡ȥݺܿüͷ
߸һ硭
ݣȻò߽һ߼磬߸ɱ߱Ƚλ
ȷϣռҾûзǧʸ񣬲˴Ҳܱ⣬ҪΪǳԼ
ʵȻˡ
ȻϢûиҪȡܻȡҪҲߣ˵ûκơ
Ҳǿ񣬽һʤߣֻҪǸ磬һɹ󣬶ջһʻ֣ܻöҪĳɹΡ
ȡ˶ˣ󸶳Ļ֣һǧ򶼲ֹҲ֪˭ľֱʡ
ôʵĿЩȡ
ֻһʤߣûȤ֪֮ȴȻĶ
Ȼȥ˵ΧѾӿǰ׼ȡ񣬷ҡҡͷ˵
ûȻַǳˣǾһ㣬㹻˽ˡ
˿ǸֺҲǻ߰ǣǾǣʷġЩ侲һ䡣
ѹ
ǿ̲ס˸䡣
ҲأȻʵǣҲΪĶ֡
Ϣ̫٣ЩԾĶԷżͣҲûóȻ
Ǹ񣬾кܴ⣬˷ʮ
һǧ֣¶붯ʥһˣҪɱҲʲô£ֺαڳǷǿܼʥһ
ڱ˵ĵսֻҪǸ粻ǴڣЩ˾Ǿһ
ȻηҪǣܴõһЩõϢ

츮¥
֣֣λȻˡηӭ
ǧĴ£ηɾȻûǣȥȫоǸ񣬶سŵ˶вٺøС
λ롣ηɴ߽һָľ¥
ⲻη𣿡һЩͻȻ˵һ۽Щ꣬żˣ϶ǳ˰
мĿ˷һۣһΪύʲôԭС䣬ҲԣηɵĵΣҲύʲô
ͺ칬ĶĶӰȻСҲޣͲмһˣͲʶ棬֪ӮˣҲκθı䡣
˵㡣ηɫһ
˸һ棬ͼŨŨĻҩζȻϵӡ
֣ǽȥɡȻǲмһˣҲô
ãֻ蹷ηɴˣ˿ȥ
Ҳǿֲ֮֡
ùĿƳ˷һۣһ˿ɱ

ѵǡڣͻȻʲôһ
ԪˣУҲɱҶ졣ηɵ˵ͷûзϡ
ȻҲʥûʸжԡ
Ԫ֮ˣѾˣڳԪ֮˵ļʺܴ
οΪҵԵʣǱǣˣһᾡҲҪСЩηЩǸ˵
⣬ɺϣԷرǨŭ˵ˣǶҲûá
ʥΣη塣
ˣǸ߸һľʲôһᣬܿתƵոշϡ
ʲôģȻǲֵһᡣ
һȤûҸоЩ⣬Ϊʲô˲ʥ֣۵ˡҲûԼɻ˵˳
⣬ҵ֪ԭ򡣡ηɵ



1016 Ĵ
涼ǾһηԪ磬ǳʥˣܽӴȻܱȵġ
ĻԸꡣûн顣
Զһǧ־˲һˣȻΣҲǿ֪ǰȻϣ˽ԽԽá
Ҳûʲô˵ģһϣ˵λһȡءηЦ
ͷǳʶռͽǳ˵Ȼǲʵģ˵Ҫ˵ˣǵҲ˵ùȥôֱӵ˵ĿҲηɵ̹Ȼ
Ǹ߼磬Ĵ磬λ޾ղΪ֪ļӦҲ֪޾Ƕ磬ʥҲղÿĴһոձֲõĸ߼硣η˵
΢΢ͷͨ硢磬ȷʵûһˣȫգ磬Լʮ󶥼磬Ҳֻзһ֪
ûȥ޾ռҲ֪Ρ
Ĵһ߼ˣȻݱģҲ˽ΪʲôᱻУһ㣬ҲǺֻܿ϶һģʥǷҲط
˵Ϊʲôʥ֣Ҵ֪һЩ飬ΪĴ總һ߼ʵĹʯţأƺǹᴩ޾գʯֲɣĶǻԭʯϲ
ηأ˵
ʯӵŲ˼һλ۷ǿҪȻûӽ٣ֱӱӲɱˣλʥаǿпȻλ۷ǿ߿ЩҲûȽӴʯţֱӱѹѪˣһͻز
Щ˵涼ɫ䡣
û뵽Ĵ總ȻµĹʯţᴩ޾ա
ԭʯ֪ǶĶ±ԶŴ½õĳ»˶٣ĶȻֻɹʯֲһ֣޷
۷屻ֱɱȴ˵ʥѪزȥ
ȻûۼǹηתǸеͷƤ顣
µʯţĴʲôϵɻ
Ҳ⣬Ҫ߸Ĵ磬Ӧúʯ޹ذ
йأΪĴ͹ʯ֮䣬ĳصϵĴ͵ԹʯţҲ˵ʥĴ硣ηɵ
ʲôЦʥȥ۷嶼ֱɱģȥٶʲô壬ڻ𣿡סˡ
һģʯźĴ磬Ͼһ壬Ժ֣ʵ̫ǿȷʵǽĴ磬СһܵӰȴ޾죬ֻҪǳʵԽĴ磬ǿΪֻ֮ᱻɱη˵
ˡ
¡ǿһ߼磬ƾʵˣҪȥ߸һ磿ȫ
Լһ֮ԽԼǿȻ
Ĵɲǲ˴磬ڣԶõ֮ǿ޷ġ
Щ˴Ĵ磬̾ͻᱻ֣ȻɱԽңҲİ
Ŀηɣ͸¶ЩԲȥ̾ͻͷΪȫʵжҲԷ˵ĴĽ֮λ¶û̫Ҫ˶ΣΪµĹʯŰɡ
õģΪʯŵӰ죬ĴҲЩ쳣Ӱ쵽һ֮Ȩû취ǵĽ룬ֻҪСһЩͲ̫⡣ηæ֪ڵʲô
ҲУһ֮ȫ׶༪١ҡͷ
һ߼ĽԼڻǿ̶ֳȣҲƲԿ϶£λĻǱɵġ
Ŀǵ߸һ磬עҪͽϣʵ
ҲõģĴ֣ӦϢʵĻ졢Ҳû£ᱻɱҾ֪Ĵʺкܶطѵһĵرȵȡηɽ͵˵̯̯֣֪ģϾЩˣٶģֻܵȥᡣ
η֪ģҲ̫࣬͸¶ЩѾһϲˣԿ϶Щȡ˵õ鱨ҲԶԶη˵Щ꾡



1017 淨һ
ˣѵҲĴЩԴЩʵʥηɣӦòǷȱԴŶԣҲ
ηɿЦ
ôףֲʥӣʵҪԴṩһ֣ǸģǵÿԼȥûƴľԴٶ࣬츳ٺãҲעжߵĳɾ͡ηɫ
΢΢ͷ츳ãԴ࣬Ҳ𲽱ȱ˺ã⿿ЩԼȴĻǾԲܵ۷ġ
ѾˣȡĻϣܼҵĶ飬Ĵнģǿηɳ˷롣
Ѿжˣ룬ʵȻΪηֻߵǿ̫ˡ
ܻСηɵ
һû˵֪η֮ԻǣҪǿڷϡ
£Ȩŵʧ
Ȼǲ˵η˵ЩҲĶˣһڣ߸ĴĻȻָĶ֣սķ˵Ҫ
ڱڽ쾳۷壬ƿǰδеι̣Ҫʱȥĥͺ칬Ķ󣬷ĸоƿɶһ˿
⿿սȻ޷ͻƣƿɶ󣬵´ν죬ģһͻƵľ
Ҽ롣
Ҳһ̵
ǵʱǾһη鳩죬Լ´μʱܿȥ
ΪηɻҪܶ׼
׼ȥģʵ
֪԰ûκԥոյʮ֣㹻淨ĵһˣΪҲҪһЩ׼
û⣬Ҳ֪һҹ
ڳǴʱ䲻һЩɲ֪֪԰淨ѡ˵֪԰мֵʲôȻ
ʲôɣһ㶡
ǧҪѡ淨ԥ
סˣȥ֪԰Ŀģǹ֮طĵһ㣬Ŷ淨
淨ųǿѹ˵ʵȴλӰЩ꣺ҸտʼʱҲǳ淨ȥģϾ˭ѧϰǿأҺʱҵĻԶԶûе˽һЩ֪롣
淨ѶȾѾޱˣܶ궼벻ţ˵淨ˣѶ淨ѡ淨ģһ棬һŵġ
⻹ҪģѶȴҲˣ²ȱԼʮˣȱԾ˵ģҪ⻹ڣ淨ȱȫǵ淨ֻǰ㣬淨ûõ
һ淨ôڳܻģµĻҲŲ˼ܣ淨붼롣
ĳ˵š
ѣȱ
ĻͶ淨޵׶ϣע˲кýӲǲаѡ淨ҲУһǷö֮淨Ҳ˽ɡ
ҲЩ֮ǰ淨ѵ˺̶ֳȣҲûһ׼ȷĸ
Ͼδ淨
̶̶ֻʱڣ֮ȻƤëԶƲţҲ˷һźţΪ淨ûôѡ
ʵȻô츳ȷʵǷǳľˣѹֻᱻʥС
֪ˡǺ⣬Ҳ졣
֪԰
Ŀ⣬ǰĻӹв淨ǿۡ
ͱ˲ͬΣɳ˳ĻȻΪߵĵرߵĵرû淨淨ʵҲ淨󲢲ǱģҲΪˣǨԼҪѧѧõģһ޳ɣҲߵĵر۷塣
ȱʵǿˣҲδؾŪ
Ŀ淨ϡ
һ㣬Ҫһ֡
ڶ㣬ʮ֡
㣬һ֡

µĻٶȣԺ淨Ҳû
ˡ
һ㣬ֻҪһ֣ܲɹһϣҲܿ
˵ûѡ淨ֻ㹻Ļһ㳢ˣвٵģȻǵĽȫǰװӵһ֡
΢϶ʱٵ֣߲ʺҲ֮ط淨ĵһ㣬˷Ժ



1018 淨
淨׵ģûмڲ쿴ԣǼһʱΪͷȣһЩȤ϶ǳֹȻûǡ
ϵĻַټ٣õֺ󣬷뿪֪԰
еؼĸϡ̫ٻĸϣȫ٣Ȼǵ»ܼȥûи߼ĸҲ޼¡
÷ЩĻܿ˽⵽Щؼϵļ۸ܹߴʮ֡
˼ĸϱٱ⻹ǽϡ
ĵرĻǺĵľ֮ȸϼʮǲܡ
еĳ»Ǻε󣬷˵Ҳһ򣬺칬£ʹΪֹȻԷҲҿ϶»Ҳɵеʥ϶ơ
Ѿռһˣټһ칬Ҳν
ֱֻвĸо˲ˬ
Уʵи

麣졣
ޱ޼ʵĺУһͨͨĴ½ϡ
һɽ֮ϣǰȭͷС߲ʹ򣬲ϱ任ɫ
߲ʹ򣬾֮طĵһ㣬۳
һɵһ㣬淨ź߲ʹҲʧ׵յ
֮
ǿߵ߲ʹʶ̽ȥѶϢʱԺ֡
طȻǵ޵淨֮ʶһӡҲһЩ
Ŷ֮˽⣬¶֮ɫ
淨𾪡
֮һλǿ߹۶ôܱ䣬ǧŴġ
һ淨ľڣΪǺεȵǺֱʣδš
Ҳ֪ˣΪʲôҪ飬֮
Ϊ淨Ҫľڶ˽⣬ĳɳڶҪӱһ磬ͱͨ顣
û飬һ֮Ͳ淨ľ裬˵Ϊһ֮淨ҲţȻǰҪ顣
Ϊý飬һ磬ƽ񽣣֮
մܱ䣬ֳ֮Ľ
ܱ֮֮˥֮֮
ĽֱŴܱĸ̣ӵܱɳ붦ʢȻ·˥ջ
Ҳڵģʱ䳤
µ֮µĽ΢΢ѶϢģʵ̫ˡ
淨ǿ
磬ƽ֮ĵһ㣬Ҳš
̵۳ǰѻɳӦò֮Ҫ淨ţûôס
飬ںϽʱ򣬲ŵģ̶̼ʱҪ˵֮̾ţôܡ
ңһƽ۳ģ̾Ľ̵ľսȴֻһ
Ҫô˽ݾ֮Ҫôõ֮ǲȱġ
΢΢ҡͷջĿұߵ߲ʹ
ط󡣡
ĿӣѶϢӿԺ÷ܿˣôһ淨
ͬΪ淨ط֮ȴǽȻͬ
طĺڲͼ£½ߵµĵرܷӳߵĵرܣԶǰΪ
÷Ķ
ߵĵرΪģɵķֻǺε֮ǿѹ˵ڻ¡
һ淨ֳ֣ͼɴʯɡ
ʯЩʯشĶǸûУĴ֮µĹʯϣдʯôõ
˵ƣһոµϵ̺ؼԼΪԴ
һ޷͸κһƣὫܿڴʯˡ
淨һһ̬淨һЩ˽󣬷֪Ϊʲô淨ΪǵĽɣû˻ѡǡ
ǿȻǿ̬ȻǱ̬ʵ̫˰ΪȱҪϾǰɹѾޱȿˣؼѶ̫ߣһδܲһ۰צ
Կɡ
ΪԼؼ޽еš
һһ»ʱǰڡ
Ȼûڲ˴ʱľ󣬿ҲǷͬСɡ
»֮УоĿ飬˼άҲǰδеѣҲޱ͸
ܿ죬Ͳ֮طĵһ㡣
ʱš
ͻȻ͵ѹǰ¶֮ɫ



1019 µ
һصɫĹߣƯڷǰţȴ·ء
ôܡ۾
һƣƵĻ
طĵһ㣬ڴʯϣܿ¾Ÿƣÿһƶ108ɡ
ĵƣһһӣδܲ۳һż죬Ȼ۳һ
֪֪֮Լûôʡ
ͻȻһ»˹
ڳ»Ĺ£Ŀ飬÷ܸ׵ĲƣԶȲЧ
ǲƣ˴磬ҲǷǳ˳
淨ѶȲܵͣ»ϣ󻯵ǿ˷淨
ԭͻɣĵرչֳģɸ졣
˲淨Ч˵ȥĻ˭ۺ졭
¶ģԺǰȡ»
칬ˣûȥԶŴ½֪飬ⶫ̶ȣº칬ŹκһɣٴϷҲǳ¡
ҡҡͷûжȥϺ칬׼
淨˳˳ҲǽѶȣʱҪţҲ롣

ףǿʲôӰԶɶ˷չص½
麣ѰһԵȴǿߵľ̾ͷ˹
»ֵķΧǳ֮㣬˽»Χ̾͸оĶϴһ飬˵
öһö¶ϲ֮ɫ˷ܵĶ
һҪᵽ֡
ûκԥȫǰȥ
˵б̾ᣬȴһ㶼⣬ǶһڵǿߣֻҪ̫ù麣ںߵġ
ˡܿ죬Ǿͷɵ˳»ڵأͬʱҲ˷
֮
ȴһ㶼⣬мĳֱץ˿еĳ»ͬʱһ䣺ɱ
ǱǻҪɵһ£ĻģûǿߣҪʵȥ졢ˡ
һһŮӵĻߵļŮҲ룬һƾʹȥ
ǿŴ½ŮӺɣһԽĻҷ
¶֮ɫ
һ½ͷˣҲǣû뵽Ƿֳ»ҲľҪɱ˶ᱦǼŭ˷
֮죬ҲΪǿ߲࣬»ᱻ֡
ߡ
һŭȣĿǰĵϣָᵯ
ܿڴʯϣ޷һֱڣʱѾЩһʱΪһâٶȿ쵽˼¡
ŮҪһȻоһĿ־ĵҪˣֻǰɫâһţͱûӦֲй˾ͻһѪ˲䡣
䣬˶ʱŻȥץ»Ӳֹס¶־֮ɫ
Ӿʧ룬û˵ƾʹ̴壬Ѫ
һ˲䣬ƾ̴ˣ䡣
ɱ˺ҲѸʧ
ÿµĵơҲɫ΢䣬µˣڵǰûеֿء
;ɱˡ
淨ѧһƤëԶԶûŵĳ̶ȣѾ˹¡
ҪڴʯܿƣΪͼĻһͼ¶
˺󣬷˸طȡ߲ʹ淨Щջ׼֤һ
Ƭ̺󣬷üͷоЩԾĵط
ͻȻһ𣺡ԭˣǰæȻҲڣǸҪģơ
Ȼ˹ѹʼվòԾǰԱ£ףԼ淨һ㣬ǲȱģȱĳ̶Ȳߣֻؼĵ©ɾһ©淨ѶҼǿĵһ㣬Ҳ
ѹֻ֣Ҫһ֡ףΪʲô淨ǽɡ
һ㣬¾涼֪飬ԺĹûУǰ㶼ǲȱġ
淨Ѷȱޱȼˣȱ͸ϼѡ
֮Ӧþǲȱġ
Լģȴûκ⣬ǳ»Ĺ͡
Ȼ壬ڲڳ»ڵı壬̶ȣȴʮˡ
ʮպ󣬷˱չأ׼ηɵ˻ϣǰĴ硣



1020 ֵ
죬Ҫãȵ󣬷һöͷ̾ͻصǡ
ˡʱ˿
ϴηʧһ߾Ǽ꣬ȻԼҲĻ⣬ڲŷ
ηȥϡ˵һַ
˵ͷ
ͽˣֻصĴ磬麣Ҫ׼ʱ䡣
Ͼڲ˴磬Ԩ磬ηɸԪ磬ǽ麣ĵص㲻ͬعĵصȻҲͬǸԵǰĴ磬ܲҵһ£лѵʱǻޱ
麣ȻҲн˴͹ȥİ취
Ĵһϣвǿĵ޴ͨ麣Ż˴ȥֻ麣ĵصģǵǿЧʣҲֱʱϵЩޣȷǵλá
ߡ
ϵϵصʱÿηɺһЩվһ𣬲˵ˣʮһ֮ࡣ
΢΢ü
ڳǵˣʶĲ࣬Ҳûʲô⣬ȴнϳЩһڳǶ
֡ηɿ˷棬æкˡ
Ҹǽһ£λǷǰøոմʤ˺칬ǰˣڳȵ棬ԨĽˡηĽܸˣȻҪȻҪ˴Ϥ֣ҵѡ
ηɽܵĻû˵꣬ͱ˴ˣһڵӵηɣ֧ǳǧֵĽȥģҪǿߣԲϺȵģôʲô˶н
ɽʲô˼ηɫ΢
ҲˣӮЩˣʵǿպϣʲô⣿Ԩ磬ûн׼Ϻ𣿵ʱ۵겻ָΣɽûηɵ̬ȣԹԵ˵
ⷬ˵ڣ˶üͷȻҲΪηɰнΪס
ηɣúÿһ¡һ
ҡηסˣЩΪѡ
ǻӲף˵俴޲õȥ
ǸҵѣĻҲһͻȻڵ
⻰ʱмĿ˷һۡ
Ͳ룬ΪԼжϡսʤ˺칬һӣβ;ˣɽм
ЦЦȴһɽȤûУֱηɣлֵ룬ʹ˱
˵꣬ͷҲأ澶ֱȥ

㡣̾Ϣ
ûʲôˣ۵衣ҡҡͷ
Ҳˣη̬ǫ͵չ󲿷ֳ˹ﶼǸ߸ϵģޱȽˣǺȫܣ಻㡣
켴û棬˴˼ìܳҲᱬ
ûкǽһ𣬶Է˵Ǹɡ
֡ηɵӺ󲽸ˣǸ⣺֮£ǶԲˣɽģҺĹϵ죬ǸһѶӲҪսҲǿ뿪
㡣û⣬η˵ⷬҲȡᡣ
û̫⣬ϾǺηɻû飬ηɲԼѣһߡ
˵֣ʶһһ仰εͬСɣҪɾͣеĲȶأǾ޳Ϊá
η˼ĵ˵ͷ֪˼
һСϣõĵҵһǸɡһӲУηɱ˱ȭȥ

ص鵱Уηɫ
ɽੲݣȻΪޡ
˵˵Ǹʲô̬ȣʲôݣʲôݣΪԼ˭ҿߵһߴˣõһ˼ĵرûǿĴУûĵ̣ע߲˶Զò˼꣬ͻᱻԶԶ˦ں棬ӰӶļһҲҰɫǿ
졣ηһŭȡ
ɽһ㶣ϲĻҲ͵ͣס
ɽҲ߰ɣҵĶ鲻ӭ㡣η
ߣɽһӼ˲š
˵ڶ顣η
û˳ԮɽɼԵ֮һˣҲվһû˵
˵ҲܲηշΪɽľٶţᡣ
ããΪСӣȻߣǣһ죬ǻΪľڵġɽͨ졣
ηȡ
ɽɫѿ˼㣬ŭһ󣬷ȥ



1021 ·
ηɵ˷ֵ󣬷貽
ȡ˷ǳ࣬ͨصĵȴޣ麣ֲףЩ˵ĵ޶ǵȴﵽռ޺󣬲Ż˴ȥ
ηѡǸ޿϶ǱˣҪȥĴ磬ͱѡĵޡ
ףȻĹ·ϣϳηӲĶ׹ⶫ͸ġ
Ĺǵؼĸϣ̫ٻҪ˼ؼĹǾĸ֮һڳǼֵ֣ĹʾǸ⣬ɼηɵĳ⣬Ȼѡ˺һ𣬵Ҳͷ
֪֪֮ԼĻηɾͳĹû˿ԥת־ͽĹ˷
ΪԼԵʣ÷ηɷֵѾĻˣöĹЩ
лˡûоܾȷʵҪĶ
貽
ǿ߼ˣĴ硣
ȱһǿСӼ̳
˶ڶ֣Ͼ˶֪ѶȾ޴󣬵ȻҲкܶѡлߺһߣΪսʤˣʱҲСһЩҪ뷽ˣܾˡ
ҵĸˣһŮӣԷǹ貽ĸ߲㡣
Ҫλ𣿡ȷ˽ȡŮǰĹĻ㶯
ߵˣҪĻеȣ֤Źȥˣǵ޵ޡ
ˣСӣҲиˣȻֻˣȴҲûʲôġ
ҵˡܿ죬ŮӾѡĿ꣬һöӸ˷·ߣһҵޣʱ򡣡
⻹Ƿһν麣֮񣬲Ů˵ĺҲûʲôʡ
صģǴ쵽һĳص·ߣյȻλڵλá
ȷ󣬷뿪˹貽ڹηһˣηɵͷʾ˫
ηɵĶ棬ǸɽѾˣǱ˳ȥеʮʹ졣

ڵ½⡣
ӿŷԼٶ뿪ǣмԹ̰Ǳϳηɶɽ
ηɣƾǸö飬ҲңЦɽЦ벻Ҿǳȥİɡ
ɽηһ㶼죬Ҳûм˼ӲչȥΪĳ֪ηɵĶ飬Ǹߺ󣬼ηɲ˵ɽԼҽ뿪ͷգĿǷ
ܺ칬ˣ÷ȵȴҲһЩ̰Ŀ⣬ڲ鵽ûκǿĳͱʱЩ̰ʱжϾղˣǲᵽȥ˵ʥģǰͲ÷鷳ҼȥҲ˶ηһĪеı
رûʲôˣȻױϡ
칬СӣһԼܡɽ촽ûܣ˼ĵرҲһʾ˵ĲƸ㹻ɽˡ
ˡ
СӣȻôĳ衣뵽ηɸߣɽɫ˼㡣
ҪߣҲԼߣηǿиߣĿ£Īĳ衣
˵Ҳɽ˷ͷϡ
׷ȥɽȵ뿪죬һᶯ֡
ǡ˹Ӧǡ

ͨ󣬷ǰ·
ȵȣ·ߡ΢΢һ㶣ߵ·ߣ;м¼Ĳ
ȽֻӬ
治ɵϣôһ˵ܿͷӦ˹ҲЩţ˭пܸں棬ȴ²
칬ˣʵû뵽ɽϡ
ҡҡͷʱڳ»Ĺ£Ŀ飬÷ΣʮУܿ϶˸ں棬˭ȴ֪Ƿǵˣó
Ǹɽʲôͷʵ
Ԫڤˣڤͺ칬൱㻳Щ𾪡
Ȼ֪ˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ǿһȻҪǷڳǵĻ㲻ʲôˣǿĴڡ

վס
һȣһӴĺӰӺ󷽼ɶٶȿ쵽˼㣬Ӱûпдĺӿ·Ƶ鶯ޱȣԼٶ׷ˡ
ƽ̫ٻУһؼʱ˻磬ޱ޼ʵĽɫ潫մ
Ȼе㱾£Զ
УӴӰȻ٣Խˣסȥ·



1022 ȫɱ
סȥ·ĺӰһֻӴĹŹޣڣŨīغһ˫޴ĳչ
ܡ΢
ֻŹϣûκϢʲôȻٶȼķпܡ
ܸâţ˾ͳǰеɽ֮ǰˣҲ
ǿߡʧϵϢޱȿֲԶ
û뵽ɡɽҪӷҵʧı飬ֻʧˡ
װЦһɽ˵칬Ϊʲô㣬ܣ˼ĵر£Ȼɡ
û˵ɽ治Ǵ׸
ȻܽԼĶɽģܷŹǣҪ־ֻĸ졣
Ծ·ɽŷĿˣΪЩΪԼ˲ˣ㣬ǲǺ칬ʮ֮һĺĵӣӮǸ㲻ʲôǿǰûʲô𡣡
󵶣ɵɽѾٷϻȥˣͷ֪֪ͲֻҪǲȻԹ
ߵһ£ɽ󣬹ĵ˵ͷ̳һѾ޴նҲģֱһŷնȥ
ֱֲ˺˺ˮγһ޴Ĺ֣쵽Զ·ضһַΧڡ
ɫ䣬ʶľǰæһ΢ǰмСӣĶҡ
ɽЦݣ£ɶڵǿߣҲһڣԼڣǿݣηʲôƣû
ЦӶ̫ٻӭȥϸϸĻɫͻȻ֣̫ٻϣȥʱ÷һӵ˵·ǳһЩζ
µУǺ޳ɹ
ȻطŻңɼڳ»İ£ĽҲĿ࣬ͬʱ۳
ĵƣɱǾǿҲûκЧ
ǣط۳ĵƣĵرģȻʱԶδγƣΪͼڷ£ӡĵرϣȴҲǼĵر
µģһϣһ˿ֵĴζ̺Щ
һӭϣûнӴնһɢ
áɫ䣬о޿ƥе
~
⾪һֱ鿪һֱӷֿ˴󺣣ն룬¶ŵĺɫʶѸɢ
˵ӵʬһƬѪ
Ȼס棬ԶĶ֣ҪעǷڷߡ
ӱһնɱ˶ɵˣץסᣬشϣһѪ˿ˡ
ɽһ㶼٣˶Ӳζû뵽ȻǿֵزڵǿߣȻһסһնɱ
ȥȵĿ־£ɽ˿
ڷһնɱ˺Ӻ̷Ӧȫ֡
ޱ޼ʵĺɽ󼱾緭ӿ۳һƵľ޴Ӱ·ǴӾ߳ڤ
ڤһָ
ڤе淨ڤָɽš
ɽһָڤʱǰӾĲ䣬ֲǵصӳﶼѸڤո
ĿĮϵһ仯ûС
޷ŷһɢ
ʱֺ֮֮Ѹֵ̫ٻϣͬʱɫҲ۳ɢױȵ֮
~
ȣ̫ٻӭϣһԶ֮ǰǷǿһ
ɫ·̫ҫŴأǵصͬѩѸ󲽶ڤԼٶɢ
õİɫƿغֱӳ嵽ɽǰ
ܡȲʵɫɽǰţԼԪڤĺĵӣǰ;󣬽пܵ۷ô
һɱɽɫҲЩ԰ףһĿһˡ
ɽҡﻹս
ȥڰɡĮԼʵǿ󣬽ľǡ
һֲʱɡ



1023 ջ
ɽˣתۼ;䣬˶ɵˡ
֣ԼԷ⻹Ƿǳ١
Ȼںͺ칬ĶĶУչֳʵǲڣǿ룬Ҳǽӽˣִ̫ٻķǰȻǲһ
ǣɽЩˣܱȵġ
Ԫ磬ڤͺ칬Ȼͬһȼ벻Ǻ칬ʮ֮һĺĵӣҪɽһǵʵر
ȫ죬Ϊ׵ɽǿ涼޷
ǿڷǰȴǲһβ澪ںͺ칬ĶĶһʵζûʵȻ֮ࡣ
ӣͺ칬ĶĶ㲻ϰ
Ͷ죬Ͼʵ̫Զˡ
ȻΪڶ̶̵İʵһز뵽ûȰ˵ִ淨һһɹ
~˿ʵ롣
ô׽ɽˣ淨ûȻҲѧģطһƤëԶԽչֳ
ɽ˵ʵǳǿɽƴʩչ淨ڤһָӽ۷壬е֮ҲӦӮôףȻᾭһսҪֻܹɽѡսá
麣ܳһʱڣǷȻɽǵʵȴ
ڤһָܽӽ۷壬麣ųһʱӡϵƵ̫ٻֵõ˼λǷĶ֡
ɽ˻ѪöɫԲ飬治о︡֡
ռ顣
ǼΪĴߣıһС磬ҲֻڳǲУ۸ǲƣһöռ飬ҲҪ֡
ǳԪˣҹȻ
ɽȾԲ뵽ٷɣԼ˳ȥ˵Сˡ
¶Ľ֮ɫҲûпռġ
ϧЩռ鲻ˡҡҡͷöռȻûٵɱҲǳѺۣȻǷˡ
֣öռʱɵϣֵǮĶȡ˳
ɽҷ滹вٺöȻϵͬǵĶҲδõϣȥ
ʥˮĿ΢һؼĸϣĵرη͵Ĺ棬һӾͼ
ǡĿ΢ɽĿռһɢ䵶ֲϢ䵶ɢݳ
ɫ΢䣬һ˼ǿӦ˹
˼ѿڶ
ȻǺ̫ٻԼϵĽһȼȻǷӲܵġ
˼䵶ڳǵĻҪʮֲ򵽣ǵؼ֣⻹мС
ɽղΪʲôóЩ֣ϸ룬Ҳˡ
˼죬䵶ͷ̫ٻһͼ˼ĵرʵͣڣɽóԵУҲ˶ãԶɱڤһָ
ͷɽõȻǿֶΣսֿ죬䵶ûó
һ˼ʥˮټϱջ񣬷ûж̣һЩ棬ûжã֪ԼûʲôȫǷɱģ˽һֵһҵԼһЩԼõϵĶ
ЩסûаյĻײҪó
ҲϷӦɽ˳Ԫڤ˭֪ǵĶϣûʲôӡǣ麣ν뿪Ͳ˵ˣڤ֪ɱɽˣǾһ粨
ס˵ͷ
󣬷һӣ̫ٻնöƵĿռϣǺƬ
ߡ
ŷǵģֻɽһ˻δֻʱûжϵ麣һĿĵ;УûбĲۡ
ȴĵһȥĬԵӣ浽ͷʾ󣬾û
ľĿ΢
ĵڶλľޡ
Ϊξ񣬳ȫǶľޣ쾳ͨĵޣ߶ˡ
ľޣһĴټڶ磬ȴûô



1024 ʯ
˷⣬ʮ˵ȴͣڵҲûдﵽλľ޵ĳޡ
ûк˽Ȥλޣ߳ĬԣĿţһӴ绺ֳ˷ȡ֮
麣ϳǸ磬ԻǶľ޲е
Ի麣ȻͬҲͷڵ麣ͶӰһ߲ʵ̫ˣ˭ֻܹп
λȻ
˵ľ֮Ͳüȡ麣ͻ֮ˣ麣ͶӰֱͨ麣˼㲻麣ܻȡ麣֮ɳڲ麣ûʲôӰ죬ûץÿһʱ䣬֮
ĿǰΪֹҲֱȡ麣֮ڻȴС
ӦûͻƿԵʣͻ֮󣬻ͶӰܲӻ죬Ҳܿ϶
˻λӦԵؽ磬ҸոմȥĴĵ޻϶ǵؽˡ
ؽ硣Ŀһ
ʮ󶥼֮һԪ粢УһҪ壬Ե˵ؽ磬ϵʥء
ǵҪ磬ؽҲ֮һ
ؽĵޣǹϵ֮ؽ֮ԻԵ磬ԭֻһ
֮棬һϵĳǿߣǵؽˡ
Ԫ磬ؽɸ÷
ԺлᣬһҪȥؽ紳һƽҲе޵ռĿ꣬ȻʵֵĲࡣ
ؽ׼żɱԪ߶ˡ
һһŮԶɶܿ͵ǰ
˵ˣ۾
û顣
ܿ죬޾ʹһŻ˽ռ䣬Ŀȥǳֵĵطһ޴ıڡ
⣬ޱ޼ʵİϼε˿
ͨ˳
ͨͬͨһ֣Ǻͷռƺơ
֪λţǱ뿴ı֮½
ûͣ٣ֱͨڴͨŻ˳ȥ
ǵŻ󣬷˳һ档
ֱӾ뿪ˡ
⾹Ȼֻһͨ硣淢ܿͨ硣
޲ֱܰӴĴ磬û뵽ǣȻһͨ硣
Ҫ֪Ĵ޾ռĻޱȿֲһͨ磬һ붼ãͻᱻֱ˺Ƭ
ԼҲǳĴ󡣡
һͨ磬жԼǿߣܽ𣬿棬ȴоǿԼоǻصǡ
ͻȻ̧ͷϷ
һķʯϿգһޱȳصĸо·ѹһ硣
ʯĿ΢ͨʯϣѹһͨ취Ҳǵؼ÷оǿԼԼͨͣ޾ռĵȽ켶
˵Ĵڵ⴦޾գһ綼ûСһͻȻǺͷͬʮеӣƺ֪һЩأʱ¶ֵ֮ɫ
ҲǣܴλõĴ磬ȿӦϵ
ֹˣʥƶһǰҲʲô¡ӵʵϣҲȷʵһλʥôˣ֪Σ
Σ
ֵܿ˵
˱Ȥ
ǺǣǸĴ磬ֱӱǵʯţƬӳ˵
⻰һ˶ǵҲɫ΢䡣
һȻֱ顭ֱ޷
ǵʯţȻޱȵĿ¡
أ綼ֱ飬ͨô£æ׷ʡ
ϵˣ޷ĴһֻͨˣŲܵĻ˿ֲͨô£ʥҲʱά֣˵ǵʯŵвˡ
󣬻һλʥʯűסͨ磬Ϊǵǰءӵ
Щ鱨׾ʵҲû
λǿҪĴûǶжΪ͸¶أ˺øкӺܿм˺ߵһ
棬ȴʱ뿪ˣι



1025 Ľ
Ƿͷ˽һתͷ˵ǷǳĴ󣬷ͷжĻЧʸߡ
˵ͷûʲô顣
Ƿ棬ûмȥĴ磬˽⵽յ鱨Ҳܷж
ţҲ¥һһͻȻ΢·һ¥ֶǵ¥һޣ߽ȥһȷϣӦþǼ¥ڴ˵صķֲ
һߣϸѯ
÷ЩϲǣҲʹû֣߳һЩǵҲá
ֻļ۸ձҪǸ߳һϡ
ҧҧһӻǧ֣˹Ĵ鱨ȥ
ߵһƫƧĽ䣬ϸĶ
鱨˽⵽Ĵ粢Ǹոձ֣ǧǰͱҵΪǵʯŵԵʣ˶һЩĹע˲ϵ̽
һ㣬ֵ۸ˣҲ˷ľ
޷Ĵ磬Ĵ磬ȨܵӰ죬ĻǳʺȵȣЩǶ̽Ľ
͸Ĵ磬ǽǰأԼ紫ǳĲף޾ԽĵطԽǿҪ紫Խ죬ĿǰΪֹҲŽһѡ
Ƭ֮󣬷˼鱨ľ壬üͷ΢΢
ǧֻĺֵ鱨ǳ꾡Զη˽⵽ĸ룬ĴҲϸµ˵
Ҳɻĵط
ΪʲôҪǷ񡣡üͷ΢塣
鱨ôǶĴĴע⵽ĿԶֹǵˡ
÷ɻģЩĶĵ̣½Ǻһǿߵ޷죬Ժ׵߸Ĵ磬ȫûҪǲϾȻҲвԶˣģǿߡ
΢΢ЦҪ˵繫˽ǾԲŵģҪŵĻڼǰͿԿˣûҪȵڡ
Ҫڻ𣿡΢䣬ˣ˵̬Щƿ֮ڣҲԣǿһ߼ĽŽƣô׶Ըġ
ǺܴΣͬģҲмĻ档
ھΣֻܵȽĴ磬˽⵽ɲΪЩὫһжϲĹ
~
䣬ͻȻ¥һζ·ǵƵģ¥˾
͵վ΢˵¥⡣
Ŀһжھһζţ綼𶯡
ǵ𡭡͵̧ͷȻϿգǿķʯԣ֪ʱһ۵ӣĿȻϣȴɢױȵƣ·Ǿپĵ
һɫĹŶڽͷתţһյĻ磬ݺύڱأĿֲ˶в
һ֮Ŀ͵
ʶӣŶȴһ۾˳ǽܽӵ˳̶ȣǽӵҲͺ֮ˡ
Ľôĵӣ˵ءһŭޱȵڴ
Ľ
ӣȻҪȥĴĽһʱ䣬仰ȫסˣû⣬⵽ôһ¡
ʶ̬ķչԤϣĻҪأҾЩҲ󲻵
ȥҵ磬ΪʲôҾͲ⣿
¶֮ɫͷĳŶ͵ط˳ȥײʯϡ
~
һξһζ
ĽȻһ˵ѹһʯ
ŭУһֲĽӴгնĽȻȴǸûзŶתţһ磬նĿֲ򷨲֡
~
һξҵײʯͻȻ̳ѺۣĽȻв˱ֱɷĩ
ģǡɱĽɢ˳׹ѣһָŶʱЮŻ֮ƺݺײ˴ǣûпǾѸѿ
紫󡭡ŭɶȻ𣺡Ľˡ
ڳŶײ֮ʱĸоԼȵļ֪ʯȵԵʣҲ룬ֱ˺̥Ĥ뿪յء



1026 
һ֮⣬ֲĻԶ
ɫ΢䣬æ̫ٻ޾ǿȻΣޱȣûʯţһĴҲ޷ǿĻ档
Էʵо˼ѹð棬ҲصΪǰصͨڡ
ĽϮʯ׹̬ͲЩĴƿ֮У紫ĽӦڶԷ֮УĿĿ¾Ϊ˸һصĴ
ʯڣͨͱˣʯǿȵսҲǳ¡
ڣһСľͻᱻ֮ء
ǸӣǴ˴ռĿ꣬Ľ
΢΢ҡͷԷԶ֮ϣһָ
Ҫ񣬾ûôףûɣڷҲǲܡ
ӰʯԼȼЩˣ̷׷ƿ̥Ĥ˳ûԸ浱ڻҡ
ս֪ںʱȻԿ϶Ľֲ˺ãҲϾ˼ˡ
ڵͨ磬ͺñһըҩͰԱ̫Σա
ҾΣ紫ѻ٣Ҫʰоֻ֪Ҫȵʲôʱ򣬵ʱҪԼȥ
Ҳȷˣֻϣӹһˡ
£ѱ
޾̫ΣգֹЪĳһֱ棬ϣһڡ
~
͵һ𣬷Ѹ˾뿪֧ͨ硣
Σպ󣬷ܡ
ǡ
һ𣬿ǰֻŵ޾֮Уڰı£һӴĹʯžبǰ߼ʺԴͷᴩա
ʯţһеԴͷ
ȻӺܶط֪ʯŵĴڣҲ֪Ŀ֮ȻٶĴԣԶԶȲϴʱĿá
ᴩ޾յĹʯǰһжޱСһ磬΢ֶϵĳȾ󲻳ġ
֮ţ֮ţ֮š
һ˼۴Ժĳ
ûκ˷񣬸˵˹£ѹЩʥᱻҪ̽ܡ
ʯţܣֻ硭
Ķҡһǿ侲ʯŻ̺˾ܣǾʥ޷󼰣˵ˡ
Ĵ磬ǴеĿꡣ
ȻǸ磬Ƿ֪ĴڹʯŸܿ죬ѡһ򣬼ɶȥ
Ƭ޾շǳΣգлпľ޴أ׽壬ȵٽʱ򣬲ŻΣգҲǲС̤һеķΧȫһж˿ֲ󣬲ǿ˳
ΣһСģп䡣
С࣬ƾŶΣյԤУһЩվǸͨӳͬǰĴˣһЩо˽ȥʬ޴档
һĻԭ׼ȥĴһЩˣǷ׷ֹ
ǰǺˣΣء
ȴûȥˣǰ˺ܳһξ룬ĲСһӴޱȵ綸Ȼǰ
Ĵ硣
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Ĵ̥ĤԶ󣬷ȫһȥҲֻǳһѺۣѺûʧ÷ϣ
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֮ңԶ룬ʱ̶Կ޾еĿֲǷʱǸеһƣߡ
Ϣһ󣬷׼뿪ͻȻӰǰ
̥Ĥ𶯣Ҿ֪˽ˡһ
ϵϢԶԶûת϶ЩߡһȴǸ꣬Ե˵ͷ
üˣȻĴıˣӦǸо̥Ĥ𶯣Ӷ˹
ٺ٣ЩߵҶǳϴ˵ǱնɱһԪˣ˲䱩¶̰֮ɫͬԴ´ŷȻǰ⣬׸
Ҳ¶˷֮ɫ
ϻ˵ɱСӣĶƽ֣Σʵ
áͬ
ǸûʷֱӾĶ
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1027 ˲ɱ
⻰һߺ궼һ㶣Ȼûϵķô˵Ŀͱ
ǺЦһҲҽЦÿһۣʮǰҲһˣ˭󣬵֪˭
װģˣΪǿĵϸ𣿡߲мϵˣͽģ֮޾Ǻεȿ£Σأ˭ҪйҲѲƤ
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ҲЩѾĻһͨΪǰصĳԣûǰΪ壬޾ҪĴ۸
߿ոմ޾գȻޱȣڵӣװˣҪŵǲҶְˡ
ϻʲôֱɱˡĿһǳ׼ŭ
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Ŀռ䵹쳣ι̡ƽ̫ٻһȻûƿա
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˵˵ЩĴɳˣŶصϢȴ룬׾ֳֻҪͣʱ䳤ˣϢͻԶתʱͺֳˡæ
һϵˣĴ磬ĴɳȴܴޣԳϣѵ˵ΪϢ
ĴڹʯŸںߵӰ£߼ǳ⣬һ۹
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뵽ûѯȥȤһ߷ٳ˷ɻҡ
Ķ󣬷Ѹſ˾뿪˴˵ء
ţȻ޷ռ䡣һԣĿ΢ռ䣬Ҳʹ޷ȥ߲磬Լ뿪ģһĴ粻ˣȻҲΪʯŵԵʡ
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ȻҲһ߼Ľ˺ûпɱԡ
˴ŸոսΪ߼粻ãڣҲδͣڳ˷⣬һ켶ǿ߶ûУĲһ˾Ƕǿߡ
ڸ߼һȼϣ൱ڳȴѾ۷ˡ
˵ӦĴʺԭڣɸĻǴɳԵʡ
Ļڶ켶ǿߡ
ò˴ȹڣٳɳʮ꣬꣬δؾͻĴ١
֮ҪȰϵϢת૵



1028 ż
תϢŲһ۾ϳ硣
ϾǶԷĵ̣ɲڽ˺ĻûʱȥԼԷĴΧˡ
Ĵ磬Ӧûͣܳһʱ䡣
Ͼ£ҪĽ棬ȫ죬ĽǸͨչֳĿϣã
ɣĽʵԶԶ졣
ǧһĻԼʵڱУǱġ
ϣתϢʱ򣬲Ҫʲô⡣

ڷɱĴ켶ǿߵĵطʮӺ󣬼ӰȻ֣ȫӿǿϢ
﷢һսӦǵ˲̥Ĥ𶯣˹һߡһӳ
Ҫжϳһ㣬Ǻѡ
սĺۼǵˡһͳ
ЩɶߣñǧС˵Ӻ
£ǱQ˶áһԳ֣ʱѾٵЩߵǰأҪָûôףĵ߳ҪǾƣߣǵҲ㣬
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˷׷ױԼķ߿
鿴ߵˣܻ˭Ϊ׵һ£ͻȻڵ
áһӵ˵ͷϢ˳ȥû̧ͷ⸽ģ߰ˣ˶ϵϣֻʧȥϵһׯһо룬ȫǶڣȥģӦþǡ
֪ǿ䣬Щ˸ŭѡ
ûСһû˵̧ͷׯ;ôģҪ֪Щߴ޾գ϶ޱȣˣǸɵ졣
Ҫһ㣬ҪôǸ߷ǳǿ󣬿죬Խ޾պ󣬶żǿʵҪôǣر
⻰һ˵۾¶̰֮ɫ
һ֣ǶмرͲ˵ˣǰһ֣Ǹ죬ϣѵûкö
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һж˻ᣬܿѭŷ뿪ķ򣬿׷ȥ

׼ѰһصĵطչתϢͻȻһӰԶ˹ס˷
ǣĿ⾯ĿŶԷһȥǳݵӣϵϢ쳣ޣûдϸеʲô⡣
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ⶫȥɳ󣬸ӽһڵʯͷӸ˷
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ûнͣӳʯͷֵͷŷ·ȥֻܿصԭأʱ򣬷Ҳ²һЩʲôûѯʣĬĸڸ
ĵĵȴƬ̣ĿͻȻ΢ӰԶٷɹ
ȻźԶǷҲܸӦϵǿϢԶ죬Ƿеķ򣬺Ȼ֮ǰߵġ
̶׹Ҳǳ亹СĴЩˡ
֪ûӵİæڱϢĻԼһᱻǼ׷ϡ
ʱܷսʤǣδ֪֮Ӯǿ϶ĴǿˣԴԴֱ޿ӵ䡣
˰ɣûæ϶ᱻ⼸ҵͲ˵˰ɡЩ˵
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⻰ϾףĽǸͨ磬ٵ紫ϢûдûӶ
Ҳû뵽ûĴˣɱҲûн͵˼
Ҳûϸʣֱӵ뿪ɣҴȥǵĵ̣ǼһعҪ߾ûôˡ
˵ͷȻû顣



1029 ʱ֮ɳ
Ѹ·ƺĻǳϤһ·ûĴˣСı˿ȥ
̸ͨԸҲһ˽⡣
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Ҳǣ๼ﲻʲôæҲǶһˡ
ҽзԲ˴磬Ƕлˡл
֮ͰˣҶ磬ܼһԮҲӦõģҪлҵĻͶҼöʱ֮ɳͺˣ˴硭ҵǵһ˵硣๼˻ᣬȷϴδ˵˴֣ǵǴӿľģһ߼磬Ž˽꣬ĴǸûȵġ
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Ƿ£Ѿˣ๼ĴƬϤǲŵãԷΪǶˣϾ֮ǰǶЩĴе̽
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ʣ๼˸ûѡء
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ҲδûаǵڻҵĿڣȻĽҲʵʵģһ㣬Ǳ๼ࡣ
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һʱ䣬ʮڱʮ죬ȻǺʺ
Ȼ𾪣²ܴĴ磬˿̶ȣ˭֪Ĵûͬȴء
ѹĴǸƣ˴ĳɳ̶ȸ⣬ʱ֮ɳԹû
ʱĪ⣬ĿǰΪֹʶʱйصģʱ֮ɳֻʱ֮ˣȻߵȻͬһʱͣͣһȴʱ١
ȵȣʱ֮ɳ΢жʱͶһâһ̣һöɢŵǰصϢƣ˲Ŀ
ͬ飬ﻹʮöǸɵĴĶǿߺõġ
ʱ֮ɳôС๼۾Ŀö飬е벻ͨϵϢûתȻǸյĴģʱ֮ɳֻĴУ޷ȥ
Ȼʱ֮ɳȻµûд
ҸսʱĴˣǺ󣬾͵õ͵
治๼̾ûж룬ֻΪǸɵʵ΢ˣ˵ǣϴʱ֮ɳ
Ͼһˣ϶ʱ֮ɳģĴ磬ʱ֮ɳҲϡȱԴ
ʱ֮ɳĴܻӭĶ๼˵˵ʱ֮ɳĴõӲͨǵĻֵȵȣĴôһöʱ֮ɳͽȻͬˡ
ܻͨӭĻңҪĻǣʹʱ֮ɳ
๼ܵʹ÷öɢʱ֮ɳţ̸оΧı仯Ϊ׷Χ͸ԶĵطȻӲķ뿪硣
оˣʱٵ
Ƭ̺󣬷ͣʱ䲻Եĸоʱʧеʱ֮ɳǹЩϸֱĻ
ȻǼӿһʱ١һдʱ֮ɳкεȾ˵á
էһӿһʱٲۣΪ٣ʹõʱ䳤ˣЧͷǳľˡ
һûɶһ꣬رˡ



1030 ҽǳ
ʱ٣Ļǲ̫˷ˣ£˵
ʱ֣֮ͣʱյʤֻϧʱֵ֮ĵȽײߣЧҲۿۣһǿ߶ǺӰ죬һֱ޷ͻĵرľޣʱֵ֮Ҳͽڴˡ
ʱ֮ɳȴ÷۾΢ʱԵģٴĳ˵Ҳһͣ͡
ûõġ๼֪ʲôҡҡͷûһõսϣһȫʧˣʱ֮ɳӰ췶Χ̫Сֻ
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ģôʱ֮ɳ
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ʵϣǿʮöʱ֮ɳһ㶼֣˵ˣ๼֪ɵĻǿߡ
ǣЩԵĿʮöʱ֮ɳ๼ܿѹе³˷˼ֲҿ϶
־һΣϣʮöʱ֮ɳܱҵһл⡣ƽôʮöʱ֮ɳȻǺֻܺҪʵĴܵõж飬๼ȻóҪöã๼ǰģࡣ
⣬⡭κ˼๼˷ڴȷʵ˵ҪмĻͶüöʱ֮ɳ
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ǿħʯ͸ˡ๼ˬһЦ
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ǲΣƽĳǵ˱Ȼޱǿû㹻ʵȴ˳Ĵ㣬˭ܿ
Ϊƽĳǻôһģ
ƽĳǣȻǣҽǳǡ๼ˣǱƽĳǸϳġ
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֣˵Щ˸߸ˡ๼Ц紫ͽƽĳǣͨ紫ˣûʲôǾֻ³ҪôƽĳǣҪô޳ǵʮ꣬ǺǣΪڶǺѡ񣬲֪˱ǵڻҡ
˵๼ޱȡ
ƽĳǵǲ޳µģʹÿ紫ĴۣҪʹãΡ
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Ȼûƽĳǣܿ϶ڱȻǽͷöĽͻϮĴֲ
һУͷûʲôϵˡ
Ǵ޾չģӦûڣסʵǰҽǳҪСһЩʱ֮ɳǧҪóٺ٣ҽǳǿʳġ๼ЦȻƽĳǣɶҽǳǣͬûκκøУǳĻңûʲôɽ˭ȭͷ
ƽĳǺôдûʲô˸ҽǳǣһĴ˷֣Ͼͻᱻ˳ûжٹԣ˺ױϡ๼֣ص
ϵϢûתħʯЧޣ׾˿巽ĵϸ֪Ǵ޾մԽ๼ľ飬пܻᱻ˸ϡ
ΪֻĴˣͬˣҲòȥ
֪ˡ˵ͷҽǳǿ϶ҪģϾϢת֮ǰڱĵط̫Ǽ׷ɱĴǿʶ׷ϢδתʱĴżǿΣգֻҽǳĵط˳ȹһʱڡ
๼Ȱ˵һǰһ󣬺ܿ͵ҽǳǰ



1031 
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ҪҽǳǶӣҪۣһһöʱ֮ɳûʱ֮ɳ֧Ļᱻϸϳȥ๼͵ȻҰ㹺һ㲻Ҫͷ
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˵ΪʲôϷΪۺһ۾ͿǴ޾Ĵģڰ˳ɻûӻ˭
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Сӣҽǳȷʵ㶯֣ҪһӹһپˡۺЦָסһöʱ֮ɳֻҪҰöʱ֮ɳӵϣҾͿֱӸ٣ȻҪȥĽ㣬԰ǲҪʲôˣϵĶȫó
ҽǳǺңǺ޹򣬿ۺǰνĹ򲻹һֽ˺飬ַӿƿֲƽʲôʵΪġ
ָʱ֮ɳۺ׼ͷϵľͲʣͻȻǰһ
ۺϤʱ֮ɳɢĹâڿлĺۼۼٶҲ롣
ȵȡԣʱ֮ɳԼָۺеֻͣ˵ǷȴûижΪţͲҪôǰ˾ͻԼж
һ̣ۺͷӦ˹öʱ֮ɳǷģ˵󣬷һöʱ֮ɳӵϡ
СӸʲôۺЩ㶡
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ҵʱ֮ɳĿϣƽ˵



1032 ˭ȭͷ
Ļһڣ˶סˣûܷӦĹ
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ۺ˶Ŀɿڴ
ţǾʶԼûпۡ
ҡƽ˵ָЩӲۺҪ
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Ҳ̲ס˾һûлԼĶҲˣǰĳϷ绯һֲʵĸо
嶯๼Ӧ˹æ
һЦ£Ҳ£˶ǹ۸ͷˣõİ취ǺݺݵĴȥ¹ǰһأҲи鷳
ųĿ죬ڳŸԶԷݣиһͻԵȨע⵽Ŀ⣬üͷһɫеŭһ
ܺãۺ㵨죬ҹȻ˵ʱ֮ɳڶԷҪ˽ˣʲôһֵ˵
ۺѸѹΪǺݺһ˦ϣŭա
ûκͷ˼ɱĿЦۺĿڷϣ·ڿһˣԸϾһ
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һ˰ˣԼвʱ򣬾ȻвֶΣֱӽз̫ˡ
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ۺȻǴ޾մԽģǰƽĳǵʱȴǼûһȥ˰ָòŻָ
Բţ̶̼ͻָȫʢ״̬
һƣ๼仯ۺᶨԼĿ
νľһǴսĵطȻԼԶȲϴսģҲܽƻһĳ̶ȣսĶ̫Ĵע⡣
־ģˣҽǳǵĻңǳе£ҲۼвˣоУϾΧ˹
ŸĿۺͷͻˣһ©Ҳվ̨£ĿĿš
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Ĵ磬Ȼռ䣬Ƿ麣ϵ΢˲٣ȴǿûбضϡ
оĿ˷һۣû뵽Ȼֵıۺܿͻع˾ʼ
Ҳ֪ѵڴ޾յʱˣⲻҪϾͻ֪˭ȭͷĴ󣬷ģҲϸɵġۺŭ˼㣬мһ󣬻ûͿһȼŽɫĳڷУ󣬷һն˹
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һرɫʱ糱ˮӿĽɫâҫҲ˶Ȼɫ䡣
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˷Ӧ˹æۺֻ޾Ŀ־š
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Ȼ˵Ļû˵꣬;ĿɫͻȻۺӿ·ǱĻɽתۼͽۺٳ˷ɻҡ



1033 Ϣת
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ţֱ˲󡣡
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Ĵ粻죬ʵûȫָһɱۺʵжǿָȫʢ״̬£ֻкεʵ
죬죿
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Կ϶ҽǳǵͳߣҲΪԼͷһǿߣһݣǿǰһöûС
ΪƽϢŭҽǳǵͳ߻ԥİȥ
˿һ㣬Щ˾ĳû£ΪⳡӰûдȥҽǳǵĸ߲˽⵽Լ̾ͻΪƷ
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һҪǸһҪλ˵ԭ¡ո˾Ҫжȴַ뿪˾
Χ˶˷ܣ׷һսȴзһ㶼ûȥ

߳ʱ๼оԼĽŲЩƮƮģĲʵ
û뵽Ȼǿʵ
һҲΪǻָȫʵ²ȫʢ״̬ɱһڵǿߣԵøӵĿ¡
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ҪһϢȫתûôףҪܳʱ䡣
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ϢתȻȻΪҪʲôҲû˷ʱ䣬ʱټӱԷ˵ô淨Ͼ޵Ҫڸ߲磬ʱ֮ɳִĴ磬˶ڸ߲ûʲôá
ó»ٶȺЧʶʱֱ½Ҳʤˣ淨⣬顣
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֮ܳɹΪģǲȱ淨ҪȽͣĿ֮ѶȺֹǱ²⣬Ҫ֮żȵֳһӰ
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ĴĴ󲿷˵ʹʱ֮ɳΪƵݳ˷ѡȴһ㶼⣬תϢĿǰҪġ



1034 ̽
ʱţһչº󣬷ʽء
ʱϵϢѾȫתĴ˺𣬹ϢҪֱǲߣͲˡ
һȫǴӣٲᱻһϳ
÷Щźǣչص£ʱٺǳ꣬淨Ĳϣչȴ΢΢ûʲôشͻƣɼ淨ѶǺε֮󣬶ԴˣҲûʲô취Ҳӵʶǵ»á
ȫصĿռ䣬Լܶʱ֮ɳѣ֪Ҫʲô
һֺܽȵĸоԼʵĻ½֮أһ㣬ڷĽϮΪǰصͨʱͲǿҵԤУǸ˵ĻͿֲʵԲܷŹĴڵߡ
ٵ紫ֻǵһˣ滹ද
ʵʱ·һ
ڵľ磬˽쾳۷壬ʱںͻһƿҪʵֻܴ֣̫ٻĵȽ淨ţܴȵʵ
ؼĵر죬̫ܽٻؼʵ죬ĴһԱ
ȻҪ˼ؼѶȾԻԶ֮ǰҪʱȥ
淨ǿŵĻ´Ҳ϶٣ͬ÷ʵ
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ҽǳǷǲ׼ˣط̫ңƽĳԼĴıз棬һ涼㷽󣬲Ǿ֮ء
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ȻҽǳԶԶ޷ƽĳȣܽһǳأҽǳҲǼҲǿߡ
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ҽӣ˵еңǶԷпܾͻỳɣûôǿʵһ̽ҲֱӶ֡
һ˼ĵر㹻ɶˡ
ǳ˲¹ͷĵط
뵽ۺߣٵε̽΢Ǽᶨ˾뿪뷨
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Ŀ죬ֲ̿ţҪĻû˿ء
ҪҲûáĶȫó
ɴ⣬˿ķһöռʯңȻòռռʯҪȿռһȼܴŵĴСԶ
ҲΪ⣬ֱɨһռʯĶ΢ϰöʱ֮ɳ˳顣
ңۺҪְȷʵҲ̰īûиֱϰöʱ֮ɳĶɨһۣӸһԵ๼
๼ЩҽǳͨһԱۺԶܱȣӸĶһϵڱĸо
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л˲ɱ֮æһ߸лţһߺˡ
ȻʧȥȫҵܼһѾˣﻹҶ˵ʲôϻ



1035 ҽǳ
Щô˼ɿ뿪๼ЩԥĿˡ
ΪȻһЩݣڷͳʮöʱ֮ɳ绹ˣۺϷʱҲЩ־ڻѾԷˣﻹ˼ĺ
ռʯĶϰöʱ֮ɳļۺһҲֵʮöʱ֮ɳң๼˵ȷʵǷޱˡ
ҪȻҰЩʱ֮ɳ๼˵ĳֻʱ֮ɳȤ
ˡ˰֣ܾ๼ĺ⡣

ٶ뿪ʱһûԶһӰͻȻǰ
ùһҽǳǺôҲͷȴĵΨֶղŸǿధӹһ٣ŭȴҳŷȥĪһˣҲԼЩĵºһȫ˳
ǣûԼԹйͿ˵·ģʱһͰˮͷ£䵽˹
·һӣȥû̫֮ȴһϳݡ
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󣬴ܹܡе˫΢¹ĳ嶯
Ѻ˼һϸڣ˵ܹܵûһۡ
ǣǡ첻ҵæԼͷϸȫ˵˳û˿©
ˡ󣬴ܹܰ˰֣ˡ
ֻȡʱ֮ɳĶмһȤ΢΢һЦܹǱ˽ȥ

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ˡܹ΢΢Ƿ˵Ҵȥһ𡣡
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ҽǳǵ淨򣬷Ȼ

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ܹܹվһԣ˵ͷʱòдһЩֵĻôھȫǫˡ
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ҽǳһϸӣЩᣬֲҴĸо
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Ӧ֪淨ʶʮǰţΣĶ쳣Сܹܵ
ҽǳ˵ͷҪ˵ҽǳε˭ûɣǰĴܹܣܳΪҽǳһ֮£֮ϵĴܵļ࣬ԭ򣬾Ǵܹ淨ʶ
ΣޱУôܹ֪ܲ˶Σա
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˼ǣҽǳ
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ҿԿ϶Ǹھó˼ĵرԲǿܹ֣ص
ڵʲôвܹȴ֪ʶ淨ҲŸţֻܸовԴв̶ֳȣҲ޴жϡ
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1036 
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ѵ˵λܹܡԺһ
Ҫ˵̽ĻһΪԼĴʽöԷϿɣҲ̫ϷˣһҲֻгڴܹˣȻ֪ԷõʲôֶΣǷϿԿ϶ΪܹܣҽǳϿʵ
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Ĵصģʱټӱʱ֮ɳֲŸãܻҽǳ˵ʱ֮ɳǴĴģɱ˶ᱦǽ׹˵Щʱ֮ɳǳԺδû֪ұĴ磬һЩ̫Σյĵطûȥ⣬طȫûҵ
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Щõʱ֮ɳˣѸ߼棬ųʱ֮ɳҲǲܵ¡
ΣĵطҲֵһԡ
ȻǾ˵ܡȻĶ
ҽǳ΢΢һЦ֪϶ĶκˣҲסģȻľܣҽǳԲ˵ȥֻʵõϿɵˣʸš



1037 ؾ
֪Ǹʱ֮ɳĲ£ʵ
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Կ϶Ҫʱ֮ɳĲؾԲףżߵΣգȻҽǳֲɵƾʲôô˵˵ջˡ
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Ը롣ƽĻᣬû˻
ڵġҽǳϲһǿԮ룬İҲһЩԷʵɣδܹܣڴܹܵжУɱܹܵġ
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ԣؾҽǳ˵ͷ͵ؾͬС磬Ҳͬͨ磬˭Ҳ֪Ǻʱģ߲ͬһޱȵء
Щؾ棬ޱ޼ʵأڲͬ編ġ
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Ĵؾѵ̫ܺؾȣܡҡҡͷ
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ȻܣؾҲдСġҽǳԥݣҲӴЩܣκƽĳǺȴǴ֪Щš
ƽĳǵ˸߸ϣһ򿴲ҽǳ͸¶ţĽͻϮȴǰǴ䳾ʧȥ˺ԮƽĳҲĻŻҽǳǵ֦
һԵĴܹȻʱȻ֮ɫ
ؾǳ٣̫ؾĴؾĴСؾҽǳ
˵ͷؾҲ֪ܲ
̫ؾһؾ֮⣬޾棬ӦûһЩСһؾ˳ЩǾͲö֪ˣĴؾӦһСؾԶ̫ܺؾȡҽǳ϶˵
򣬶Щ֮ԶĴôģ˹ʯ⣬Ϊؾ
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ʱ֮ɳǳǸؾʮа˾ţǸؾõĶѰ˼²⣬ֻܵȵжˡ
ԷʵʵȥǳΣգҲ֪ܣ˳Ҳˡ
İɣοŵģֻǸؾΧȻһЩΣգʵСһЩĻΣաǿ˷ĵǣҽǳƺĵ˵
һᵣʲôҵֵû֣ˡ΢Ц
ҽǳкâһ˵ͷ˼һЩ鱨ҪѾ˵ˣķ̫ȤһֱӸˡ
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һҽǳнƷĵط
Ҫȥĵطһؾ
ҽǳ˽⵽ĹؾϢ٣ûۼҲ󲻳ĴؾģһǿԿ϶ģǾǣؾȻܴ󡭡
̫ؾܷһϵĶ磬Ȼ֪Щʥô쵽ģϾ͸߼粻һĴؾԶ̫ؾһӹɣֻҪؾ϶Сȥ
뷨ҽǳ˲һ
붼֪λؾˣ϶Ǵһ죬¶ǵײ㣬ڻҡ
ԷڵʵóȻκϽȥ뻢ıƤֲݷ
ˣˣһҵͿؾ֮Ҳõıҵչأʵ㹻ĳ̶ȡ
㹻ȫĻ»Ҳóֻ淨ⲻ÷ģǸȴһ⣬ĳ»ܾ˼̫ٻ𣬾Ͳ˸ϣϡĵؼϣҲֻ֣ȱ֣÷ЩʧǣұҽǳҲûҵֵؼϡ

һʱһζ
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ȷϵص󣬿һɽ壬ǱȡΧһȦÿһɽ϶վһˡ
ɽ壬ֻĩβһ˵ġ
ĿɨɽϣҽǳʹܹܣԼİվ
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˴ȴǾɽ壬˵ĩβĵھɽ壬ġ
Ҳûԥֱӷ˵ھɽ壬ȵվ棬ڿɲǽǫõʱһʾ˿ܰƤͷ̽ȥ
վ˵ھɽϣҽǳȴĬϣɽϵ졣
֣ҽǳǲãҸһ¡ҽǳЦݣȻոտڣͱһӲǿдϡ
˭ɽϣվţɢǿϢΪ׵ĸߴ׳ڴҽǳĻĿĮӡ
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󺺵Ļ˶üͷȻҲΪϢķܺǲҽǳ뷽ҲͰˣؼǰŵ˵ھɽϣ
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ҵ˼ܼ򵥣ǿûվʸ񡣡Ŀ۷ͻȻ֡
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ڵǿߣԼϣҲҪԴ
뵽ҽǳɴԹֻƮƮһ䣺ְȴûж
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󺺿ֲһʹâǰһЦǱʩʱٻһâӷؿ͸⾪˵һȫֱӱˣ¶ɶֹĿ־塣
Ŀµɽ˲仯̳Լ˼ī̳ƺڷʹѺۣԼͬϵļѪѿȴûѪɽһжڻţĥǵ
嶼޷ֻĿԼ𽥲
ѡٸһٸӣѡǷ
⡭ʲôҽǳһƬ飬⵽ˣܹܵĻʲô˼
û뵽ʵȴǲǿŵȴǳĿ£ҽǳ˿ɣԼ죬ǰᱻ˲ɱ
סס֡
Ƽչȥ˶ᱻֿµĥɻҽ׵󺺶ãҲһҽǳ죬ǿߣȫǿ޷ĸоһ仰
仰ǳ΢ͬ򣬷·૵һȴ͵ؽѹ



1039 ⳥
쾳۷⻹Ƿһڵţ麣ͶӰͻͶӰӰ£γɵʹâ
ǲ룬ǲҡ
ȻδǷܸо̺ǳģһǵ˻ҷ𣬾ԼмĿΪܲ˶
ƴҲ˼
򲻵ѵĹͷǲóȻʹâģΪļʷǳ󣬷ڵ壬ԶԶԳеҲû취ͷҲֻһ
ڴ֮ǰΨһǾģڲ˴֮ʱ̣һ̵֮
ʱڣǽȻͬͶӰȼγɵģĻͶӰһҲûγʹâһʹâ̸о˲
ĸо綼ޱȻԼˣֻؿڵʹâһеԴͷһġκӰᶨƵĻ͸ָоجΣѣȴԹߵֻ̬Ŀš
˵Ͼ˼ĸоԼڻţɣһʹâԼ̾ͻΪܲ˶
ǷҲʼδ֪Σգû뵽Σյ̶ֳȡ
ҺãҽǳһҪ÷һӾѹָоǴγѡ
û˿ԥ̽ſʹâѹ˻ȥϾȻ޷գ׻ģûųڷǿԸ£ʹâ˻ȥ
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Ҫǳȥģʹâһʧ϶ʱȪ㣬Ѫ˲Ѫˣһͷ˵ϻԲѣʵһˣֱȥ˰һ㣬Ǳɡ
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ĿĮ󺺵ˣϾ˵ģʱ˻ԣ˵
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˵꣬ҽǳָ΢һöռʱʯǿ˳䵽
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ĿӹЩʱ֮ɳһϡ
亣ǳ
ȻǵؼĸϣҲǷ֮
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ݡ
ʱףԼҽǳѰҵؼϵ£ûҽǳ۾óͶá
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ȻˣҺ֮ĳͻһʹûмȥҪɱ󺺣ڲǺܺõʱ
һǧöʱ֮ɳ亣ǳݣ
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ʹâ£˶ˣȻ󺺵⣬˶ˣȴҲʱ䡣
ڼ䣬ѹҽǳİҲû飬һ఺ҩȫָơ
󣬴󲿷˶ָĲˣż·



1040 ɳƽԭ
ҽǳߣ֣Ȼʮˣҽǳ⣬˴һ죬ʣˣȫˡ
ΪһЩʱ䣬һ·ϼæϣϷһ죬ת򱱣򶫡
αҪĿģΪ˱ܿĴıϾεжǾܣҪĴлڶʳһ©˷ĴǰĻܴɲ˵ܻΣա
Ĵޱȣֳɰ˴ÿ򶼲һ硣
ҽǳǵλãڰ˴֮һĶղϵķȻǷɳ˶ͬΪ˴֮һ
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ţ
һ̤ɳƽԭǰͳþһʱ䣬ǧɱء
ָо쳣ʵ·ս֮ϣţʹӻþָѣǿ˵ҪӻþǺ׵ġ
ѹֻ˵ɫ΢ɳƽԭɳ֣Ӧûɱźʣɱƽԭ
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ĻɳƽԭҲţĻǵһ
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ֻŲɳƽԭþҲǿƣܳܵķΧڡ
˭һߴӳҽǳǵǰĿˡ
֣ҡҽǳԽڶߴӱȭ
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ҽǳüͷĺȳǸʲôôϼҲˡ
ҽǳп˵ǻҪΪˣ⻹˵ȥϾûмʱֹкܴڡ
ˣغȳ˼䣬ûж˵ʲô˼ǰɡ
ûã·Ǵһ㱡ĤǰĳѸٱã˶ʱΪ˻þ֮С
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룬վһٶˣĲͬǷֱռһ
˵طؾҽǳˣһȺ棬ӣǾƽĳǵˡ
Ŀȥƽĳǵģʮ֮࣬һϢǿޱȣҲ죬Զκһ
⼸ж٣Ǻҽǳǲ
ҽǳеļ˴кԾĴҽǳǵˣߵûռݵһ
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סͻȻüû뵽Ȼһʶˡ
죬
ʹˣǵʱ򣬻йһγͻǵηɵУû뵽Ҳ
ȻЩȣģϾЩǱһĴ磬ԶԷıȻҲƽĳǻķˮ
ûзַҽǳǵ˵һ۵Ȥû
⣬ƽĳǵˣˣûһʶġ
ڴŸˣͬڴŵҽǳˡ
ͻȻ
оһޱȵĿԼϣɲǼ侹Ȼŷ˵ɱ⡣
һʱ˹ȥԷûŲĿ⣬ֱӺͷӡ
һСӣĿĮŷͬڿУԿ϶ԼûмԷһʱҲ²Է
Сӣվƽĳǵ棬λΪǰ
֡üͷ
û˼ȥһͳͻȻǸСһĿҲ˻ȥ
ˡ
˵ģƽĳǵһߣ˫ĿվȺ룬ǹһ㣬ӿǿϢ󺣰ɲ⡣
ԣʱ΢ǰ
ڱǵϢ˷ȴǹ۲磬߲Ӱ졣
ҲȥܿͿһȺ˴Զٷ



1041 
Ĵˡ
̷ӦЩӦþĴı
ƽĳӦͨĳ֪ؾĴںͿʱ䣬ŻҽǳǵǱȴʱڿؾİ취ֻĴ
˵߶ĴϣĿȡ
˭ֳʲô󶯾ߵǿǺĴЩ˻ûȵģʵϣǴ硣
Ĵ˵ûеһʱ俪ؾĴæµƺڲһ󷨡
̽ܽԲǧڣһҳƽĳǵУһȥλߵĺЦ仰Ҳһɧ
ɳƽԭ˴̽̽£ǧڣͻȻģǲ˵϶Ǿϲ⡣
ЩˣСġ⣬ĴȻҲģ߶ڸ¶ؾĴڣŻڿؾǰ̽в̽һʧ
λܷģϷµ󣬾Բκ⡣ۿ¶֮ɫǺЦǲִټ䲼µ̽¿»ΣϷ򻨷ʱ䲼£ᱻ׷֣
ǰõĺôˣƽĳ׼ģĴܿ϶ΧǱ˵İΣ⡣
ôһ˵˶ʱĲ١
̸䣬ĴˣѾ̽󲼳ɣһӼ˴һۿɼĲƣ̴̽м伤תۼɢǧﷶΧ
ɨʱʱ˷Ӧ·ˮһһζľҲԺܿͻָ˿ٿĴˣȻûκη֣̽
ÿһؾһλ֪һĻλƽĳΪ׵ĻߵӦþλߵˡ
ҪĴڿؾҪ
һϾͷӦ
⻪˵ģӦòͻϮǸͨĽ
һ磬вֹһм˵ܲ棬ͬһʱֻܴһ֮ʵģǵһʹܵҲ࣬ÿһʹϣ½ܵҲԽԽ١
ǶԸ߼˵ǿͬʱġ
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ͻϮͨĽӣǵһĽǧĿ꣬Ҳ
ǵãɱλĻҲвƵĻֽ
ӭˡʱĴˣͻȻ볯һ
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Ŀ΢ҲǽȻܸӦĳŮܵÿһǻĴۣӵ޿ƥе
۷ĸ߼硣Цڲ˴磬۲ǻŮӵÿһǻȲ˴ҪӴ󡭡
ãֻǵƽĳǵĻߣظ̾Ϣ
λжĳɰܣϾһڣܵĽʵ̫ˡ
ĽǲκγɹĻᣬпܱ¶½ȨӰ죬ôľ룬ҲһλһǵڶĻɹĻڣҲḶΪصĴ۲ܽؾȻĵǺʣǵϣ
ؾҪһЩʱ䣬ֻѡȴ
ˣƽĳǵг𣿡ʱܹͻȻ˹ʵ
淨ʶΣΪУȻע⵽ˣƽĳǵǸСӶԷɱ
ýʲô˲ˣֱӽҷɡһ֪˭
շܹܵ˵ͷ
շԺһ̾ͷӦ˹գֶ˳޵ģûеڶܡ
Ԫռҵˣô
ռƽĳǵĴƽĳǶǰģǰǳƽĳǣԼٶǣҪСġܹܵ
ЩĸоռǺεʵȻֻԪһСˣƽĳǿɲȱԶ˰һռңôʸƽĳǰ¾ʥô˵



1042 ؾ
ǰѵ˵ռ㳲һ뵽һֿܡ
˵ռǿ߾˵пܣΪƽĳǰĴϾռСĻҲǲСġ
෴ЩԶռǿҪôʵ̫ǿҪôǲҽ̫ɫͶ룬һȻȲռҡ
ԽȥԽпܡ
ռҷǳ˽⣬ռҵʵҪΪʥǺε֮ѣȻǸĴֵָۣõģ̱ܵһλʥĹעټбֳɫΪʥӵĻһͶ붼÷ޱȵĻرȴƻ˴綼Դ֮أʧ
ʧռɽ޵˹ܵʧҲǳĴ
ռҿ϶ǲľʹ˳ȥģĴ֣ǹͶһҪ﷭Ҳ޷¡
ĴΣգͬģҲǳĴõĻռҸһ¥Ҳ
վռҵϣҲΪõĻ
Ĵ磬ҪռˡĿ΢ȻڵȸյϽ֮λʱǿ˲֪ٱռҸԪС
ԪǶ磬ԪСģǳڱĵط˵һڵܿġ
ܹܣҶռҺܸȤ֪˽١ܹܣʵ
֪һ㡣ܹܳĺ˵
Ĵĵؾ˵עıȥʱ򣬷ʹܹȴһЩ̸
ӴܹܿУ˽⵽ռҵҲȷռ㳲ˣƽĳǵռңԪռңһЩ׸Ԫ⣬Ӣ
ɣǺͷһҪĴ
һĲռû̫ѡԪҲԼĵˣͶ̫һжˮƯֻһ
ռҵǿߺܶ࣬УǿߣȻλ죬϶ǽĴ󣬲ġ
ԭռңǿҲˣܹȥĴ硣
ռǿģһʢˣпǿߣշʢĴ磬ռңʢշһݵ棬١ղˣ͡ٲʢֵܣǴûƽĳǳֹܹ˵
ڷղǣڵȥ򣬷Ҳ֪顣
ʢĿ䣬Ӧĵˡ
ռҵ˽һЩ۴ܹܣյĹռҵʵ̫һ㣬ܲɡ
㲻ʲô˵Щ١ǲ³˷Ļɣܹи˼ĺ⣺һ֪ô࣬ΪҵռңǰҴƽĳиϳ棬ĿţԼļˣĴɱһȥûгȣҲ
һ仰ܹû˵ûǶߵĲʹôܽʶڶ㡣
ʶ淨ʮǰܹܾˣȴٳ޷һ
һеףռңҺ޲ýʬΣնɱܹܵ۾һƬѪ죬ŷɱ⣬֮󣬲Żƽ
ЩԹһֱû˵Ϊ֪ҽǳûΪ
һչ¶ֲ̫ˣܹţ㷽ڻУǽһ죬ռҶǷĶ֡
ǿһ㣬ڸоշԷɱ󣬴ܹ̾
Ŀ˴ܹһۣԸоܹû˵ѣռҵĺûκٵġ
Ҫ𣬲ռңǲݡ
˵Һռ֮ǰֻһܻ
ܹܶʱ˿ϣҲް취ĻԸŹ»һգϾܶԸռҵ˲ࡣ
Ǹշ㱧мǿɱ⣬ղûж֣ǲĳͻȽؾ϶ᶯֵģһᣬ뿪ܹΪ
΢ܹܵǿԼ㣬ȻöԸ󺺵һУɱշԼҲòȥǹһշôܹܽޣҪģռ
ͷ⣬ͷۣôһ뿪дܹĻջࡣ
졣
졣
һЦȻʹܹûʲô飬һͬĵˡ
~
һ޴ĺͻȻ쳹ء
æ̧ͷֻУһ޴ĹŻֳ



1043 
ؾˡ
עֵ̱ľ޴ţʣͨؾŻ
˶ĿȵĹš
԰꣬ǴϢŻһСʱĴȽȥҲ١ƽĳǵĻ߳ʱ
Ǵ⣬ȲĴͻ
˶Ƿ׷׵ͷĴԶĶ࣬ûҪһʱ
ǵʱôһʵ
ȥеæţǳûôˣؾ棬Ĵ˷ͻ֪Լ˵Ĵں󣬾͸ˡ
һЦص˵Ĵؾճ̶ȺܵͣؾŵʱҲޣһؾڵˣᱻԶͳˡ
˻ߵĻ˲ŷ׼Ĵ˽ȥٲѴ֮Ǳ롣
Ȼ̬ı仯Ԥϡ
Ŵ֮л֣ľԶͨһص磬ѾĴȲͶűߣȵȫĸֳȶգؾŻĴ֮䣬εĲⲻ̺µȴ˿ռ𵴡
ֳ
⣬ǱâǻֵŮӣһʱĿͶ˹ţӣ˲䱻ķ飬˱¶
ԭյĻɳƽԭϣһӶһٶˣʱĴ˴һ
ã¶ˡɫ䣬֣ȥ
ߡĿ⣬˲ıĮؼţ̺ĵ
һŵǻȻײ˹
Ŀ־壬ʱˣǷ·𿴵һӭײ޿ƥе
~
֣߳жһѾ޴ʯɢֲĲŻһŭʯǻݺײһ
Χƽԭ̱ķ飬ر𣬻һɫЩס
ĵĴȻųҪһ
Żߵסʱû˿ԥȫٳ˹š
ʱܾ·һֻдؾ棬
Ҳߡҽǳҵæҽǳǵ˷ţϾĴأԷ֮ϣѾȥһˣʣµЩҲҪȷǿ١
ȻĴˣҪȫҲǾ޿ܣѾкü߳û˽ȥ
Χҳһţ˶ڻսҪؾġ
ߣ
ŭܵǻȫȺոǿ߶ܲǻУʱȫʬ
~
һǻնӭҽǳˣǿֲϢ
ɢҽǳæɢնܿǻĹƽĳǵĻ߸˼ѹϲ˵ԼˣǻٶȲ죬ûôöˡ
ˣǷɢȽؾٻϡܹæе
ҽǳȻҲ֪˾һĻĿ̫ˣǵĴˣǻõע⡣
һȺ˶ʱɢܹҲ룬ֱӷ˷
ܹܵ
΢˵ͷֱӸȥҽǳǱĴ˲סûмʱϣ˦ˣѾʹܹܴ
ܿע⵽ܹܶΣƺųѰһƬУȻŷ߳һȫĵ·ȻҲϵˣʵȴôǿܹ֣ܲҲܴӦ
÷Щ𾪣ʵûдܹĻǾһ
Σ쳣Уѵ˵ʶ뵽ģ֪԰еһ淨ʹܹܵ񣬲淨ѶȼҪһСľˣʶ˷ǳ١
Ҳ׹ΪʲôʹܹܼҽǳϿʵؾºгΪܹܸоԼʹâĿ¡
ǳǿ淨ȻҪ˵޵ҲԶԶ㲻ϣϾһŸʵ淨ܷӵ̶ֳҪ˫ʵҵĳܹܵʶҲޣԳֵĻǾΪ޴ӡ
ò˶ã˾͵ǵǰ
һҪȥӳԼӱءܹܿٵתͷȥҽǳȹһֱӴܹܣҽǳˡ
лм
ܹĳŵڵķǶжˡ
ûжԥһ̴˹ţؾ



1044 
ź󣬷̴ܡ
ֵ֣λã֮У·еĴ½ޱ޼ʣжôԶ֣ݣԿڴ½ҫим⻪Ŀֱޱȵۡ
öʱ֮ɳһϲڸ
˹ȥ˵һӣ棬ûмӦĴˣע⵽Ŀ⣬ס죬˷ۣտʼǱ
ǷӣнؾˣҲ֮ϣսؾʱ䣬ǰֲȷˣһں֡
ûһȥؾĴ½ǲ룬ǲܣһĪסǣѣĴ˶ϰΪûжپɫǽؾؾġ
ע⵽ʱţǵڷټȽˣѾ˽˴½
Ĵ˺ߣȻס޷֣˫Դǽȴûֹͣһֱǵؾ룬һİ֮ﱻߵĸоĴŭ죬ºݻҪȫߣƽĳǵȻʾݺݷȥ
˫̴ļңȴǸûвȥȤԺתͷ
Ȼֻ˵˼־ס죬Ҳܲ³Щ͸Ĺԣ¾ʱ֮ɳ
һҵľڷǰһ¶֮ɫһ̣ӾͱͶĴ½
ţǸӣ֮ɫȴһҵɫûУǳݡ
˽ؾ½󣬾ֵ˷
ܷɿ˲ʧ΢΢һţ͸о·Ĵ½һǿ׵֮Ͳзء
Ժһǰ˵ı֣ûκԥ΢΢һԼλãһ̣˾ͻΪһâͬһ㻮׹ء
ǽؾķʽ
żٽӽؾ½ǹҲ糱ˮʧ͵һͣԼٶȽء
Ĵˣռ˱ˡ
ؾ˽⣬ĴȻԶԶЩߣƽĳõйؾϣȻûз˶ԽؾԵôֲĴ˾ʹݶˡ
ڱ½ʱ˹֪ԵλãȻЩˣҲһЧ
ĿΧһɽ͡
ûǴĻﲻκһҫĵطҲ˵ʱ֮ɳء
ڶЩʱ֮ɳһȤûԼʵؾ棬дѵǿߣҪ˵һᶼûС
ǹ򣬻ҸȫĵطԼʵһʱ䣬Լһ
ڣǹԶܿУ
ȫĵطĿĹˣüͷ΢ϧܽռ䡣
Ҫó»Ǳģǳ»󶯾̫ˣؾ½Ȼޱ޼ʣҲǿߣ·ѡģԶʱ֮ɳƫƧطȫҲ޷֤
ȵȡͻȻһռ䣬⵽Լռϵָˡ
Ĵ󣬺ռϵͱǿжϣ÷ռ䣬ǽؾȴµı仯ֻϵ쳣΢Żһʼԡ
ܽռĻ˷һɽͽ漴ȫϵռϣʱţڣһŻڷǰ
ͬεŻζֹ·ʱʧҵæŻռ䡣
̱ܽռ䣬ǽõһ¡
ܿ췢֣Ȼܽռ䣬ȴ޷ͨ麣ͻ죬磬ҲǧѣҪ
޷ռ䣬ӦʯŵӰ죬ؾģŲһ˿ɶ
ʱֻռûκʧֻΪһȫĵطܱȵ޵ռӰȫġ
»˳·ͨȽȽһ£»ռÿһ䣬ȴûκƻ
Ҫó»̫ٻ𣬷϶ǲɵģ֪ʼ½ʲô˺ǽȴûκ⡣
ץʱ䡣Ըоռؾ½ϵڲϵļ˵һֱռһϵжϣ͵Ǳռܡ



1045 ޻
ռ䡣
֮ͨϣһöʱ֮ɳ»Ͽգޱ»ԣڡ
ԷΪģΧʱŷű仯һ
һɫĵƣڷǰϸ֣Ѹʧʱһƣʱһӳʮơ
һöһöʱ֮ɳʧ֪˶á
һɫƣͻȻڷǰûʧţһֳתۼ䣬ʮƳ֣Ƿɿ䶯ţ·һתγһصͼ
ͼһǰĴϢʱ
۾ͼԿͼ֮һĳ̶ȣıԵصȱʧڽ֮ǰԿʲôˣܸоǿ
ˡ¶ϲɫ
طһ淨ľ裬ڵ棬ܹ˲䣬۳Ÿƣ淨Ҳţֻʣһܿڴʯˡ
طǧҲδ۳һڶ̶ʱڣǵ۳ʮ˸ƣ˵ǣʮ˵ƽϣγͼǳƵĳˡ
˾˵Ľʱ֮ɳйͣҪģǳ»
һ¹ȥˡ૵
ռѾȥһ£ʱ£ͬ£Ľν
ǰȻ۳ŸƣֻǺܼ򵥵̣ܿŸƼ޹ϵڷǵ۵ĵһҪǽϣͲһˣʵķԾ
֪ڽʮ˵̫ܿٻϣ̶ֳȡ
ڴռ棬ǲҳԵģҲֻнͼܿĵرߴʯϣŻչֳ
طϾǵ޵淨ϳ»֮Ǻ˳ģ֮һϵˣһȻвƽԶ
淨ѶǺε֮ߣûг»Ļһڻԭ̤ǺѰġ
óȥˡоռؾ½ϵļ΢ҵһָоٳϼ죬¾ͻᱻռ
˳»Żһʱɽ֮ϡ
ڷ̾͸оռϵޣڶʱڣǿнˡ
ҡҡͷ׼뿪ͻȻɫһ˶档
Ӱٶȼ졣
΢ȻʶһǰǱܵˣǺ˳ͻʹ²󺺣׷ɱˣĴǿߡ
ʱޱȵǱ¶˺ۺѪȻޱңиǱ˼㡣
쵰쵰ˣֵС۸󺺷ŭޱȡ
ڵǿߣȫʢ״̬£׷ɱĴǿߣʵڣյ˵ԶĶ֡
󺺷ǳĵùʹ£䣬ˣ̶̼ʱȫڽؾ󣬸һڵǿߣڶԷĹ²䣬ϼˡ
оԵģ浨׷ɱĻ쵰ҡ
Ǹ飬û䵽ֵزдޣһеԴͷֵ˷ͷϣǷĻҲ䵽أʱǸû뵽˭ƶԷҪɱˡ
ｫж˿飬ͻȻǰɽϣһϤӰ۽硣
һžҧгݣ¶ĺ⣬Ҳ룬ͽһöռʯ͵˳Ӹ˷
üЩ֣ΪʲôռʯӸԼߴһ䣺ֵ˶ߣסСӡ
˵꣬ǷܲĴǿɱȥֻٶȴЩ
Ĵǿ۾̺ˣ󺺣Լٶ˷ӳĿռʯǴߵһö
¶֮Цݣ󺺸û˼ȥ
ûԶ롣
С۷嶼ԲĴһ֣Ϊ˱һʹǿֲһСɫˣԼʹº޻ֻľ
ĴˣԻ
Ȼ϶Ҳù
󺺿Կ϶º侲ҲһеĴ۾ޱȲأʹˣѪҲ֤һ²⡣
ͬھȻٺò㲻ܣ϶Ҳ˴ʱ򣬾ֵˡ
ҿôЦжֻ



1046 ֮
޻
󺺵ľٶףǱ޻ˣԼ㱻ԷĿģǽŷ֮
̫ˡЦ
һǰȷʵֲ˺ãڣ㹻ȥԡ
һĵĿ䣬ɱĴǿߣ߸ûȥ룬ǲǱ޻ģռʯڷ㹻ˡ
ȥִһѪɫǹŷݺݴʱɽȫķ顣
׵ķ̸оһϢѹ
ڡжϳԷȫһǹĳ̶ȡ
̫ٻ֣︡һն˳ȥǹཻǿʱ˳ȥ
ռʯߣ򣬾ĴǿִǹĿĮ·߸ϵ飬ʵȻǲмһˡ
Ц
΢ɫĵ̳ǰζţѸϳһȱͼ
ƣγɲȱͼҪͼʮ֮һ
һ̣ȱͼ̫ܿٻϡ
еĵرҲֻ˼̫ٻܳЩơ
~
ڵƿ̫ٻϵһ̣·ܵ˼㣬ϵĽɫ͵سɫת
ǰδеĿֲϢ̫ٻɢݳ
ϣԶǰļܱȡ
о̫ٻԼͬʱĿѶȣҲ룬֮磬ʱֵ֮ȥ
ԽǿĵرƵѶȾԽ
һȣ˷е̫ٻӳһֲնĴǿߡ
Ū顣Ĵǿ߲мƲƲ죬Ѫɫǹ͵ش˳ȥ
Ȼ߽ӽϲɫѸٱ仯ձ˾֣Էһ̺
~
ⱻһɨգĴǿ׻ڵ˴أݺײ˴ϣѪ
ôܡеԸӣϣһӾȻ˳ôܡ
Զû뿪󺺸ֱӴסˡ
Ӯָǣһڣûð䣬һֲĸо
ڡжϳһȻͬڣҪĴǿ١
֮󣬴ĵرʵ̫ˣǵ޵淨
ҾԲţСĴǿ˫Ŀͨ죬ԸʵƲ־ãһʧ̫ٻʱָԭ͸ǼţֶΣűԶʵ
֮ǹһǹ̳糱ˮĺγһ޴ĺɫŷ˹
ûʱ档Զ󺺸оѾˣ޻ݺԼļһܷŹ
ʮơ
ɫۣγֵģʮƣγɵĲȱͼȾһЩ̫ٻҲǿ
~
Զ֮ǰӿµϢ̫ٻ𣬷һӳֲĹգϢʱɫྡྷֹĴǿҲ˽ȥ
ɢĴǿţ˱һն룬еѪɫǹնϣһɽɫӿ˲佫ٳ˷ɻҡ
ʮƼӳ£һͬڣȴѾǴﵽ˼ޣӽڵĳ̶ȡ
淨·յģ淨ƤëŲ˼ܡ
Ͼģɳ»淨ġ
СǹŷһĴǿն룬󺺴ʧɫҲģͷܣȻ񶯾ǰ
뵽ȥЦ
ҽǳ˵ʱסǺڵ˼㣬֪˱̬һٸӣҲѡ޻
ֵܣᣬһᡭɫӲļһЦݣκη
ǸĴǿ׷ܣȴ˷ڵԼԶǷ֡
𣿡һЦˣ˵˵ؾ½ϣôһơ
չصһľкα仯ⶼǷҪ˽ģԼײȻŹ
󺺲ҵæԼ˽⵽ϸ˵һ飬Ը£Ը췽ȥҽǳǵ˻ϡ
ӹһ٣ʵָ󣬿ôŭţԷĺһ㶼ûм٣ֻ¶
ܱǸŲ㡣ɫ֮ʱƸ֣Ѹϳ˲ȱͼ̫ܿٻϡ
һնֲʱɡ



1047 ʮʱ
һնɱ󺺺󣬷󺺲Ŀռʯ
Ŀ˽ȥ֣󺺵Ŀռʯвٺöʱ֮ɳҲö֮࣬ϵʱ֮ɳ⳥˷öʱ֮ɳȻǽؾõġ
Ҫ֪ϣǰҲŻһǧöʱ֮ɳ
̶һ£ջ񣬿ɼؾʱ֮ɳ֮ࡣ
û޵ӳ¶ЩʧջĿ⣬亣ǳǴ󺺴ģһЩңһûгȥ
ֲǵޣ亣ǳؼϣѾǺܺˡ
󺺵Ķս󣬷ĿһöռʯϣǸĴǿƴĶҲ޻
ܱᣬĶȻֵˡ
˽ȥһƬҫĿ÷Ǻݺ˰ѡ
öʱ֮ɳʱ֮ɳ¶ˡһ֮ʱ֮ɳҲ״εü¾ҽǳϣ֮ʱ֮ɳ
һöʱ֮ɳάʮʱ٣Էʱңٿάʮ죬Ҳٶ꣬Է˵ʱѾǷǳˣϾӵڣҲʮˡ
ôʱ֮ɳû̫壬Ͼ޷Ĵ磬ֲĴ֮ͣã˵Щʱ֮ɳȡҪĶҲδԸ
ȱٵģʱ䰡ء
ռȫĴ磬ǿߣԷǵޣûкͽĿܣռҸвĽ
Ҫٶȳɳ
ʵϣĳɳٶȣڶ磬֮ˣǷȱģһЩʱˡ
ûƭҵĻ˼ţ¶Ķ֮ɫ
ɱǰʵһЩϢ¹ԷҲǲ˿Ϸʲôͻشʲô
󺺻ĺܲңսؾ½ûãͱһڵĴǿ߸ˣΪûȫڶԷĹ¶ʱܣòװ˶֣Ĵ󲿷ʱ䣬Ҳ֮С
öʱ֮ɳҵõġ
˵ؾ½ʱƣ֪ķǳ٣һ·ϣĸ׺˽ӴͬΪߣп֣ܶ˵Ĵˡ
ʲôȥҽǳǵ˻ϣٳȫǿջ
Ϊ˱󺺻͸¶һܣҲᱻ׷ɱԵɡ
˵ĵطĴǿ߷˳ͻҲܳĴҲһ飬žͼսһ䣬һ˴֮£̰󺺴Ӳɳöռʯ
Ȼ󺺾ͺˣΪ˵ʵҪ˵֮ϡ
һ׷һӣֱ˷
΢һöɢâʯԿ״ӿռʯз˳ǰ
ʹʱ٣ӵʮż𣿡¶Ķ֮ɫû˵ѵĻǷȷʵǲòĶ
ģ֪Ҳֻ̫֪࣬öʯԿףܴһżа취ʱӵʮ֮࣬ҲΪ⣬˲Żƴģ󺺲Ͼ˲רŽ͸ҲֻֻܴƬƲ⡣
Ȼĵطܲѣͻɣؾобʱ֮ɳõĶ
ʮʱ٣ջ󣬷ܷ
ʵ۳ʮ˵ƣϳɲȱͼĻ̫ٻֱһ졣֮ǰսԼʵΣҲ
̫ٻ˼󣬾ûٶȡѪԼܻͣڣʮ˵ڵĳ̶ȣ˵ޱ죬Է˵绢ʵܴﵽڣӽ۷ĵز
ʵؾȻ㲻Ƕ⣬ȴҲвʸˡ
֪Ҫץᣬٶʵ
뵽Ҳԥȥ˹ķٷȥ
ȡ
˵ĵص㣬ʱʮż档
էȻǲ֪νĸ䣬Һöռʯ棬һؾ½ļԵͼȻĴؾ̽ĳɹ
ĿɨܿҵȵλãţüͷΪڵͼϵıעǴʱ֮ɳĲأƵʱ֮ɳ
ʱ֮ɳʹᣬ֪Բˡ
սƲ⡣
ܿ죬¶˷ڴ֮ɫҲǸǿҵս⡣
ĴһĿģͨϵսͻƿľ
ǰʵСҲˣڣôҲһսʸ񣬶սУǿѹ£淨˵Ҳͻơ
ڴ



1048 ˰Կ
ȡ
һ󣬷Ŀĵء
ȵһ֣ʵϣĴСȴǳܷһȣĵ򣬿ؾ½ϣȴһССɽȰˣɼؾ֮
ͻ룬ؾȻԶ̫ܺؾȣǿӣƺܷһ磬ǵȼ͵Ĵ硣
ܿ죬ҡҡͷҲˣ޾գʥ⣬˭бƶǣȻʥܽĴ硣
ջ񣬷ǰȥ
ȸҫʱ֮ɳˣؾǰһ£ռȹʱ֮ɳͱߣ²⣬׷ɱ󺺵ǸĴǿߣĿռʯеʱ֮ɳӦþȣһԵɺ£﷢ܴżʯԿס
Ȼȵʱ֮ɳһҲֻе˲Ż֪ڸεȻϲ١
Կ϶һ㣬ԹؾͨѶѣȻһ󣬾ͻϾϵ
Ҳ²Ӧûд⸽⣬ûܵõʱ֮ɳĵطˣΪʲôǲ̽żüͷ΢壬뵽һɻĵط
ĵطɲȡ
յ˵ĺöʹòû÷ܵԶȵĵطƴ
Ҫż֪ڡ˼
ͻȻ
ǰӰӳڷǰסȥ·
ĴˡĿ΢䣬һ̫ٻʱ︡𣬱ִУۿˡ
÷ЩֵǣȴûһͿ
ߡ棬мĺڷĿĮԿԷ񣬵ȴûѡ֣Ŀռʯ
ܿǵޣȴû÷ռ䣬ȻҲؾҪռ伸ܡ
û˯𣿡ռʯôܡ
磬ϻʲôЩ߶ǼͷǴʹİǾԲߵӿȥǳᣬȻüȴɷ׼
˳ĬȻĬ׶ӵĻ
СӣƲԳԷƣһڣԹԺġ׶ת·ڿˡ
ϵϢôǿ󣬼ȡ̫ٻҲûǼɵĳ̶ȣҲ׶Ӹô޼ɵԭ
~
ĮĿ˷һۣ׶һȭݺݺ˷
ڷ¶һ˿Цݣ۷ǿߣСȻǿϵϢжϣڣǵ׵Ļɫⳡʤκ
һҲ΢Цͷܷɡ
ȻϵЦ˲佩Ӳǣǰǵɲһ꣬һ׶ӵĹƾȫ˶׷˳ȥ½һƬ֪
ЦƸ֣ϳ˲ȱͼ̫ܿٻϡ
ӳһͻ׶ӡ
ܡ˴ʧɫǸһ̳׶ӵԣסһ̽ߵϢԷŻ
ֻ˻ԣû֮ǡ
һɱ׶ӣΪ죬Ҳûмɱ֡
ڣصĺڷ˷һۣ¶ɵ֮ɫһ˲䱬Ǿ²ѣԼɢݳĴϢľ
׹ߡ
ڿÿ𣿡̫ٻңָ
²ҪᣬҪռʯΪĶۿûаգڷת̬ȣڣǵ˺Ĵ˴ͣսЭ飬Ա˴ɱ֡
ɫһܿ϶ڷû˵ѣϾûеһʱͶ֣׶ӣҲˣɱ
ߺĴͣսȣǷǳѣ˵϶о޴棬˫ò֣벻˫κͣսĿܡ
Ҫռʯʲôʵ
Ϊһڷæ
һ˲²⡣
ȻڷûֱӾ˵˳
һöʯԿףܴһżǸż취ʱʮڷ˵
ҪǸżҪ˰ʯԿףֻ߰ѣһʯԿײ֪䵽δ˫˶Ѱҵڰ˰ԿףԼЯˡ
Ȼ
ȫ׹ѹûмŴżΪҪ˰ԿףֻһѣȻǴ򲻿
ǻʯԿ뿪ȣ²⣬ʵãڻᱻóʯԿһ˻ᷢΪսҲҪҪһϲ˷硣



1049 
ڷӵĻüͷ
ԣٵǣҪżʹ취󣬾ͱϣƾһˣԴ򲻿żͬģûĻҲֻܶżɵۡ
֣Ҳɺ˷ʱ䣬һûᡣ
ڣܱסԼеԿ
ĴһͲ˵ˣһҲѣϾէǿҽǳǲŽġ
˿ɣһ¶ڰ˰ԿԼһᡣ
ǣʵǿòϡ
ôһ
תɲǼԺתͷ
߰ɡ
ڷӺͱ׶ӵһ˴˸ɫڳ˾׼תͷ뿪ϾҲûаգǿ÷ռʯҲûʲô壬Ҳڷ˷ʱ䡣
û뵽ͻȻڣסˡ
㻹ʲô£ڷ¶ͷ֮ɫҲԼĽֻǼɵˣ£Ϊ˫ͣսЭڣԼͷӲƴûкô֮ǰŻͿ
Ҫ֪ߣڷӻкøвŽй¡
ڷӵ̬ٴαĶҲ÷üһЩҪǣȻҿóһЩʱ֮ɳΪꡣ
˭ϡʱ֮ɳڷͻȻŭ˻Ե׶ӣߵռϷ磬ŭЦҵޣղŸú˵ֻҪ֤ûж⣬ñΪƻͣսЭ飬˫Ʋðˣ㻹Ϊ㣿ߡ
˸ոհܴˣݳһûأһش⣬Ӳѣ𣿡ڷɫ䣺㣬붼룬Ҳٻشκһ⡣
飬֪ģ֮ǰʹĻش⣬ҪǸͣսЭ飬·
˵ڰ˰Կأ
ʲôڷһ¶м֮ɫΪſں񣬱Ͼôɵ¡
ˣûʱ㵢飬ٸңСǲڷ
ûж˵ʲôϻֱӽöʯԿ״ȡ˳
ڰ˰Կסڷˣ׼뿪ͻȻ䣬Ϳ˷϶öʯԿףһ۾˳ȷʵǿżԿ֮һٰ
߰Կ׶еôеѣʾǵڰ˰ˡ
ڷӵ۾ʱˣ¶ǿҵ̰֮ɫ
ֳʵеºͼɵûֵûС
Ҳڰ˰ԿҵˡڷӷЦ
ܣ֡Ц͵һգڷ
һҲ̷Ӧٶȣ׶ӷŵ˰ȫص㣬Ȼ˻ͺڷֶԵС
ֻζĿǵĶûֹҲûߡ
һڣҾͲţ˺Ķ֡ڷЦţʮ㣬ͶܶڵǿߣҲһڰˡ
~
һ˫ɢźȭ׳ȭͷϣڷĿĮݺһȭ˳
ʥȭһʽ
ΧشƣڷһȭɲǼ䣬·ЯصڷһƺضųԼ
һߣڷӵĶͬȻҪȺڷӲϲ٣ȴͬˡ
⣬ӦĴĳһ淨ˣ淨ڶ࣬Զϳ
Ц
ʮơ
̼䣬ʮɫ۳ϳһȱͼ̫ܿٻϡ
̴ֲ̫ٻĴϢֱΧشΣ޿ɵֵ·ںԵĸоҲʧ
ʲôڷɫ䣬û飬еֵģǴʱ̫ٻɢĺ
һնɨ
~
ڷӺɣ˱ɳȥԶɽײķ飬ӷϵѪɫ˲ʾ
û뵽ʵȻ˵ز
һ¶ӽڡ
ĻͰ֪飬ȫ˵ɢúڷ˻
¶ڰ˰ԿԼϵܣҲǾ˼ǡ
ԼʵֻҪǿߣһս۷壬Ҳδؾûսʸ
ǿǺε֮٣Ĵʱ֮ɳʥأҲࡣ
ҽǳҲһˣν棬ߣʮĴǱ߻һЩҲ̫ࡣ
ڣ˫ҪͣսЭȻʵ൱ΪǿǲЭġ
Ͼؾ½һСطǿߵļʣ֪
һѣԲŻѡ¶ڰ˰Կס
¶ĺҲǳˡ
ֺ󣬷ʱ͸о˳ٸ



1050 ĳ
żϸڣ˵
ûȥᳯˣĿںڷϡ
ڷһɣЦһ̫ٻӶֲĹ˺ɨȥԶļɽƬ
һĻڷӶʱ˸׹Ȼ˸֮ǰԼֵܵȴǰûѡء
˵˵ոջŻ˵شκһ⣬ȴҪشúڷӸеĪ裬ֲ˱ˣѬģ˷ʵŻ³
Ψַʧȥģڷ˵ҲΪ٣ͨĽżҲһ˽⡣
Ĵؾ̽Զǵһܱȵġ
ؾ½ϣڶżܿ취󣬽ʱټӿʮ࣬ȻⲻţЩżܱĻĴ˽󣬾ֱȥЩطˡ
ʵȻˣÿһνؾвͬżܹЩżĵص㶼ᱻ¼һٽʱЩֵżܱٴοĿܣûκζ
ңÿҲµż֡
żǴδֹģ󲻵طʱӱż
˿ô˵ĻлǿߵļʣǷǳĵ͡
żأôһʵĵġ
ʮʱ٣ȻĪ֪ԼǰȫյĿռ䣬ò»Ļνʮʱ٣ûж塣
ϾҪ淨ǿɲǼ򵥵ʱ۾ɹġ
ƿŶ룬ûдҲǺܳ¡
ҽǳתϢ£ͼǺ޽ԡ
⡭żڵݵ֪ģΨһ֪ģżһ޴ޱȵķնռ䣬Կ׿ҵҵڷæ
նռ𣿡΢΢ͷĻȥһԡ
ֻЯԿ׵ˣܽż˵άżתģʱ֮ɳҪż棬ͱ벻ϵʱ֮ɳһʱ֮ɳþ̻ᱻͳڷֵ
΢ֻЯԿ׵ܽżҲ˵ֻаˡ
ڵ˾Բֹ֪Ǻεȼҡ
˵ʱ֮ɳάżתԤϣȻǶʱ֮ɳһָΪ߼á
û뵽ǴϣʳһЩҪϢţһĴˣ֪Щ˵ȻҲͬѰ
ԭ׼һЩ磬ڵǿ֮࣬ûмȥһɼѹȸУԶѸٵǰ
һɫ۵̤ϣ̵Ұ޵ͼһԴĵĿϢ
ʦ֡ӣڷӵ˶ʱϲĺ˳
תʦ֣ϣһçϢϯСѹ
ʦǿ˺ڷӵһۣĿɱ⡣
ôĵӡûѯ˭˭ڷӵ˵Ĳ״ʦ̸̡
ɡ
ʦһȭ
ʥȭһʽ
ͬʦʹǽȻͬ
˵ʦֵȭͷţ·ǳأһ˲䣬ƺ綼ųŷ⵽ųš
ڡжϳ˶Էʵû˵ͬһΣͬΪڣ󺺾ԲʦֵĶ֡
淨ܵشƣ˾ϵĪѹȣ侪ˡ
ʮơǰ۳ʮɫƣγ˸ΪĲȱͼӡ̫ٻϡ
ɲǼ䣬Ϣ̾Ƴֱųĸоֻһ޴ȭͷʱ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ʥȭЩ˿ǣҲƿؼΪԴȻڵķͨЩԴǽһЩϢѾ㹻ˡ
~
ʦɫ䣬һɳȥʮס壬һ·ϣĺ˴رѿɼ֮ܵǿ
Ȼе㱾£ѹָҶҴĳǵˡʦһ
ڷӵѾɵˣô벻Ŀ޵еʦ֣ȻҲںͷĽ·硣
ĳǡ
˵Ĵ绹ߣǾǶأ֣ҲԳΪ
ĳǣĴһָĴĴڣܹŽǰʮ
ڵĴһߣӦĳǵΪˡ
˼
ûмȥʦȻЩʣȴҲס֣һǿϢԶܿ죬һǿӰ֡



1051 
̶ʱڣʮӰڳУѸٷֳߡ
һȻĴˣһ˵ˡ
Щ˵̾Ϳ˳еŵķʦ֡
ҼǵǺҽǳǵһġһϳ˷ʱǻ
ҲϳЩˣһкҳǵ
ҳǺҽǳǲ߽࣬Ĵ棬ǿߣȻǰ߻ȵļʷǳ͡
ҫΥͣսЭ飿ҳΪ׵һеʦַѡ
жֵĺۼ̾ܿ﷢ս
ߡҫһЩò׼ͺҳǵĹϵѵԭ
Ԭѵ㿴𣬵˭ȶ֣ΥͣսЭ飿ҫЦҸʱ򣬾ͿСӹȻΥЭ飬ҵʦ֣ܶҪɵǣһʦδǣס֣
⻰һ߶ʱһͣҫ˵ĻǴȫڷϣǲüˡ
뵽ĿĿ˷һۡ
ⲻһ֮ʰˡҳǵԬм˵ôûõģǿģ㶯ƻЭ飬Ҫϣ˭֪ǲʦȶ֡
ҫȴǸûԬȻߵˣûԬģҲ¶Է֡
˵ҫ˺ڷӡ
ʦ֣ԩ߲߶ʮһҪɱʱ֮ɳڷӻһ𣬻ع̴󵹿ˮĻǳʮ⣬׶񼶵ˡ
źڷӵ˵Ĵ˿Ŀⶼɱ⡣
СӸ
Ҫ˵ƻͣսЭ飬ס
ڷһŷ֤һҫĴɫ֪ʲôģѷ˵ôҲΪǴĳ÷˳İѵڰ˰Կõ֣ҫȴû
Цţ𽥶ȴһ㶼⡣
ĳԬѣΪվߣҪάԷΪڣָҫƻͣսЭ飬һǾռݸ
ڿһʣҳǵЩ˿Ŀ⣬Ҳơ
ûкͺڷӶʵȤ
һֱӽǱʯԿףٶȡ˳ǰ
ˡ
ڷһû뵽Ȼ˹ûκα粵ѵͲԿױȻôһٶõӦֶΡ
ڰ˰Կס
ʯԿף˵۾¶ǿҵ̰
ҫһϾ˺ڷӴɫ⣬ֻϧͶԷĬߣڴĳУҲһʦֵܹϵ´ʧ
ڰ˰Կڳˣżܿ
ԿǴĳǵġ
һӴĴмɶͬʱҳߣҲ˵˵Ŀ꣬ȻǷǰʯԿס
ڷǱ˶ˡ
תۼ䣬˾͵Կǰһһ˶֣ҪֹԷһʯԿץȥ
ݳһ˿Ц

ʮۣһն
ֲûѷһµļһ󺧣Ҫȴˣһ˳ȥпѪ
ڰˣڷǰȻǲһ
һҲס˲ˣȻԬ֮϶Ųסģһʱ䣬Ҳûٶ֡
˰ɡƽ𣺡⼸һ֪ڰ˰ԿϣҪᣬֻϧˣǵûԿףҴˡ
˵Կֵ˷ֵģߡڷתҪݷߵǷǺڰס
˺ڷӵĻĴߵ˶ʱ
ôĵӣǵĶ
̽ڰ˰Կһ
΢΢Ц
ûмͣȥͺڷ硣
Ҫ˵ԿףҲǴĴжģˣûʲô˵ġ
˭˭ǲҪ޷Ǿһڰˡ
Ҫǣڰ˰Կڳˣڷ
ԬͻȻЦˣ˷һߣҫ˶š
ˮʯûıҪ˰ɡ
ڰ˰Կףǵġ
ɵĿҫˣţĴ˲Э
ĴˣȫǵĻͶּ߰ԿˣԲȵڣ˵ʲôͣսЭ顣
˭Ҳκβ˭Żһ֡
ڵڰ˰Կ׳֣ڷһơ



1052 Ƕǰ׳գ
ҫǵȻģڰ˰Կ䵽ҪĻҳǵʵ֮ϣϾ˫ûȫ
ɡ
ͻȻһۺӰһߴ߳ҫǰͬŴĳǵ·ǿҵĻϢ
³ϡҫ˴ϲæ
ߴߣߣĳʵǿˣҲǴĳǵһλϡ
³һԬ
ڰ˰ԿףһߵģΣԬų³ϣ
ԡֹҫ˷߷߲ƽ飬³ƽȻڰ˰ԿѾ֣Ǿ׼żɡ
ӵģʼնż
ԬЦаգĳǲòЭǶԷôʹ죬ҲеǷ
³˵Ҳʵͬ뵢ʱ䡣
Ҫһʱ׼ʱٻϿżôԬ
³ϵ˵ͷûж˵ȥʵҫ뿪
ȴĳǵһߣҳǵ˶ʱϲɫ
ҵȣõ˵ڰ˰ԿףһеԿ׾İˣȴĳЩ˲һ˷ܵ
СãʵŵģûʸżģЩƴѰңҪҵڰ˰Կףڰ˰ԿȴԼ
֪ô˷ܡ
۷׷ףԬЦݡ
ڷȫǺˡ
һӰԶＱٷոأȲʵڰ˰Կ׳ˣ
û
ȳȥһҪͰ
ˣȻǿĵˡ
ԿҲϲɫϾ˷ܺͿȣһ̶ȴȥ
ˣСӴġָָ
ûκԥһ̳ڷǰǿѹӿѹ
óǾӸµĺȵ
ʱһֱûô˵ԬЦеҪôûòôҲλҽǳǵѴ˵ڰ˰Կףô˼һ˵ȥĻҪ˵Ǻҳǿˡ
˵Ԭ˵ָһöռʯ˹һǧöʱ֮ɳ㣬˾߰ɡ
һǧöʱ֮ɳСһӶûôʱ֮ɳɡ
ǱˣҪ˵һʱ֮ɳ򷢵ˣǸհԶԶ
ҳǵ˷׷׵
ûȥӣöռʯԷɹĮĿ⣬ɨ
ǣǰ׳𣿡
⻰һҳ˶ʱסˣԬû뵽
Ǹû뵽˷Ӧ
Ҫ֪˷⣬ȫǺҳǵİ
ʲôЦ
Ȼ֮ǰֳǿʵҲûзڰˣֲûУ˵Ԭ۷ǿߣ˶ڣˣǿӦʵ
õһǧʱ֮ɳѾǺܲˣ͸øж£ϾˣҪŭǱɵѵеط˵ȥ
㵣ȣ󡭡ֱϡ
ţǱŭ䷽Į񣬷·ڿСһǱݣŤ
ıӵ𣬸ô˵
İ׳㡣
Ƿŭ˼㣬֮ǰҪԿףһѪˣĿݣ޲ðѷ̻ˡ
ǵɫҲ
Ҫ֪ڰ˰Կףյ˵Ӧġ
ʮʱֻٰҪԼ㹻ʱ䣬ģͻƵߵľ磬Ԭ֪˵ĻԵǺεҪ
ڷռˡĶҴʴʣ̡
ޱȵĿ⣬͸˳
վдǣ֪ҽǳǵˡ
˵Ŀ⣬Ԭȴ
ԬҾ̲ȥС
˸ߡ
ʱ
ǺǺǣӹȻܴ󰡡ԬϴЦݣȴû˿棬һϣǺε¶ɱ
׳Ҽ٣ôԼƵİ׳գһǵһμ
Ϊ治ɱ㣿ʲôƨˣʲôҶ߾ҪŽụǾǸЦɵ㣬֪ѵ㻹ָĴЩ壿
ԬЦ
İ׳˵ô࣬Ҳǰ׷ѿࡣ
ͷĻ˻֣ԬĮֽЩɱ



1053 
СӣԼ
˫Ŀͨ죬﷢ͺڰ˰Կ׵˾һԬҲ಻ס
ȫ˿ȥЦǸΪӮǿǽӽ۷ǿߣ֪İ׳ǿҲǵĶ֡
һŻ棬ֵ˲䣬ǿĹâʹŻɢ
棬ͷ·һɢǿ̫
ǵĴ𣬹Ȼ£˵У淨£ڶһƬǿߣĶ֡ҳǵ˷׷̾
â£ʵһˣ
ó׳գķڷ
ޱ飬ָſ̫ٻ֡
óʯԿ׵ʱ򣬷Ԥϣû浽źҳǵ˻࿴ռһͲܡ
ǣҪ˰ԿײܿżҲûѡ
ҳǵ˲ǾʹķڷΪֹ
ôһƽҲǵĴȡ
Сǵޣ󲿷ʵĵرϣǹƾѽĵرҾܶ϶Ǳʤ
ҳǵ˷׷׺Цŷ
ǶԷʹ֮ⷽҲƣǰ׳գΪռƵܣȲҪ÷˭İ׳ա
ɡһ̶ȣɵõڰ˰Կ׾е뷨
ǵĴ߶еĴâ㣬һʱ䣬ؼããһƬ޾Ĺâ
һ·ڻ˰㣬˹â֮Уʧ
۾
ˣ˵Ļ»ᾪʧ룬ӲʵǼʶڵģļ棬ǲЩܻһ̫ҫһŻɢνĴɢĹâڵ֮һ硣
ٶ侲󣬷ʶ˷̽ȥҪҳǵӰ
һУУ淨֮
ֻ淨ѶȻȲ淨ȴҲǼѣҲԶû׶Σ˵ͬζֲˡ
ǣĺԶ
侲һѲȥڣҵǵӰһΪӰӣ˹âϸ̽Ļ϶Թȥ
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1054 
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˷Ļ۷Ļȷʵʸ񣬵õһЩɵˣ˵İ׳ա
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ҳߵˣ۷ģֻһˣȼսУɲ϶ó㻹ǻҪǿڣ˵Ҳǽӽ۷壬ֻҪ۷壬˾á
ҪֵĻûģܹ·
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ˣΪأǴżҲɱСӣĲΪˡкݺ˾ģԬ۾
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˫ĳͻҲٺƽദ
ЦЦҲûָҳǵһЦ˫ĳѾ£Ҳûѡġ
ҳǵ˰ҪǿԿףҲҪ
ЩˣȻǿ
Σչ˵ڰ˰ԿףںǵսУõͻơ
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ȴżҪͻˡ
оԼƿɶ˲٣ȻͻƵľ˲١
ա
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żĵص֪ǿżˡ



1055 ż
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ҳǺʹĳǵ˸һߣμкҳǵˣĳǵˣˣȴǲѾ뿪ˣϾżֻаˣҲûãȥؾ½ĵطѰһԵ
Ԭ͵ˣһһվԬߣĿ˱䣬Ȼʵ֮ϣͬӵԿ׵ˡ
ҳǵ˰˾ǧ֮⣬ӲȥûȤͶԷһЩ롣
ЩߣҲìܰĳǵĳ³ָ˵һ䡣
ĳߣΪ׵ĳ³⣬ҫȻڣһһŮ֮ǰûмģ֮ǰɢȸѰҵڰ˰Կס
˵ϻ˳³ϵĻԬɫ
ǹҪҪϴĳǵЩˣȸɵܿų뷨ǵܱй¶ȥŲĳЩˡ
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żɡԬ
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νżһ޴Բʯ̨а˸ۣżλá
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ŵһʯԿױ밼ۣصâԲʯ̨ϸֳԲʯ̨ÿһ䣬˶ڣ˲һ֣ʱŵо
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ʮʱ٣ɫ΢䣬µӴת״̬ҷҲܸоʱյı仯Ǳʮ
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Ҫ֪һöʱ֮ɳάʱһ٣һǧ죬ճƶϵĻתʮʱ٣Ӧһ졣
Ȼʵ鲢ˣȻֻά̶̵ֶһʱ䡣
һöʱ֮ɳҲ˵ֻͣһˡ
Ȼʱٸ࣬ĴҲԽ󣬶ֱִģֻ˵²⣬ʱ֮ɳά취öĲ̫ͣĲŻ֮
˵ʹʱ֮ɳĻǴǶԼʱķԣȴȫں
̫ʱ֮ɳûʲôãĴͣɰǧ꣬羡컨תΪʵȷѡ
ץʱɡ
ˣٺòǽģͱºö˷ʱ䡣
տռڣҲܷʹó»
»ͷȫĵͶͲ淨֮С
ڤڤУоԼһϿա
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Ӵڣ۾
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ʱţԽԽĵƻ֣Ҳڼ򵥵ĳ֣ʼϣγصĲȱͼ
ڷǰγ򵥵һȱͼһƱ˽ȥʹòȱͼԽԽǰʮǷѾյģܿγɣȫµĵӽ
ÿںһµĵƣһ
֮УʱţǰͼҲǱԽԽԽԽء



1056 ʵĺҳ
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淨ܣ÷ڴֻط֮ţƤëץϾǰǵ޵淨֮ȴǽһ֮Ļϵġ
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²⣬ԭ򣬻ڲ˴ķչϣ߼ϾǲŸոսãʱڣ˵չˡ
淨λǿߣ꣬۶һӵܱ䣬˥վھ˵ļϣȻҪ˳ʱ䣬ѧɡ΢΢ҡͷ¶˼֮ɫ
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ʮ
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ҳǱߣˣĳߣҲˣҫһ̾ͱˡ
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죿ӦûһЩѾǼΪӽˡҫд󺧡
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ҳǵˣԬûǰʹǼѹˣ˵ʵԬ˲·ӡ
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СӻûӣҲɽͻȻ¶̺⣺Ұҵܵ˳ӣһҪնɱܽͷ֮ޡ
ǣɽĵܵܣ˺Ҫ˵ʹ޵ģ϶ɽˣֻڴֿǣסûз
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Сżڴã󣬾̸ɵԬԼʵ·ҲнҲаٷְٵģָɵ
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ӣҳǵˣ׼Ըŵڰ˰Կ׵ˡ
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ҳԲʯ̨⣬Ŀ䣬ɱߣʱʱɨԲʯ̨
ʱһĹȥ

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û׼ȶãϾؾ½бĻʹ޷Ҳһֱȥ
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һöʱ֮ɳάһ찡ڶȥһˣĵʱ֮ɳһˡ
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˶ȵĽ겻ʱԲʯ̨ͻȻâһӰֳ



1057 
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մżڳԲʯ̨ϣҳǵ˾̷ˣǵĿʱ˱ɱ⡣
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ʱԲʯ̨׻ָƽȥƽƽ棬ҲûпٶȽżڶܡ
ƽ¶ǿɱˡ
Сӱŵ˵ˡһЦг˵⣬һ㶼⣬ڵı֣ʱķȫɵˡ
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󣬸ϻʲôɱΪҵܱܵ𡣡ɽŷĿڿˡ
ûмŶ֣ʵĲӥɱǰϷˣҲΪܹߡ
Զһεɽϣ³ϴҫˣңңߡ
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³гڴûߣϣ˫ͻܾˣʱǴݳˣԬ˵ɫǳľʡ
ȻǵСҲδؾùҳˣԬȴһ㶼⣬ΪΪԼ˺ܿܽдĳǵ˿һԣʲôϵǰװ˷ʱˣżڻõľ޴ͻƣǸôԴ
Сӣ֪ܴܲ漣Ԭһش
³ϱ˫֣ңңԲʯ̨ѡɽۻ

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ŵˣĿ䣬³֡
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ͷӲڿûдĳǵǼɵҶ֣Ҳԣڵ㣬ˣҲֻеķˡԬŭЦĿڿС
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ŽģɲֹһˡԬ˵ǿϢӿ˳߰ޱȣǽӽѹ
һޣͽ˸߲磬ʲôɽѹţжԿ϶װǻƣʵȴǻŵҪ
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˿ֲ۷ѹԵѹԶǽӽܰ쵽ģ졣
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³ϵ˻ЩϾԶû׵壬ȻԷԬȴȫĶڲš
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ҽǳͺҳ죬Щ棬Ҳֻһû뵽żгķȻǳǿڡ



1058 ѹ
ܣԲܡ
ݵķԬŵĽͽܲʵ
żнʵ˾˵ı仯ɽ󶼳۷壬Լǽӽ죬ͽżǰȣֹһ
˾޴ʵǿţΪʹҲнҲ˵Ķ֣ɾ¡
ǣʵȴݺһ
졣
̶̵ʵȻ죬Ϊǿߣ·ģҲѹԵơ
ֻϧѾû·ߡ
ӷһɱɽͿԿıɱ
ϣ첻Ԭлһ˿룬ľûߣȻڽ쾳۷壬һ㲻Ԥϣ֮Իǿ󣬿϶һǿ淨ҴǰǵսͿԿ״̬ܳ־ãʱȡʤĻᡣ
ͬҧԬ˹
ֻ뵽ʵΪĳ淨淨붼û룬̫ʵ
ڷ硣
Ԭֵ嶸Ȼĺţſ³һںڵ硣
īһ֣ʱ޾ÿһ䣬ɲǼ䣬Ǻؼй֣ƺҪǣ˸о޵þ֣ŻԵŰš
ʵСˣЩУ̾ͻ壬屻ʳĩǿߣܵþӰ죬ʵķҲۿۡ
ԷǿвԬ˿⣬̾óǿֶΣܳΪҳǵĸȻûнҡ
һߣҲͬʱ˹ûԬô˵Ĵ棬һһŷն˹ǿֲĽϣһɽľ
ˣһʵǿǿߣʱֶԵУǾޱȣԶսĳ³ϵɫ䡣
һУڷǰȴ㲻ʲô
ʮγɵͼӡ̫ٻϣţȴԶûеʧĳ̶ȡ
޺Լ˽⣬䵭ӿ³һ֡
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޾Ĺȣ̫ٻϱ˳һ̣ƺһӴޱȵ̫ѳֲĹйɨϵ£ʱϯһգػָʡ
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Ǿ˵һûնǰͱֲĹ飬׷ɳȥ
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ɡ
ĿĮӳȥ̫ٻÿһλӶȫԸÿһζ·һֳ̫ѳޱȿֲ
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~
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Ͼ۷壬ɽ̫⣬űһնɱȫԸҲǶһᡣ
ʱķίʵֲ̫ˣ·ǻ̫ӿ˿ֲĹȣϯأ޴ӣ󺣣ֲĲ˼顣
ԬţʧȥڵķͲܿģǣʵû˿ļ
ӡԬԺֻʣһͷȻߡ
Ȼܶõģֻ̫ٻòˣԬҪߣҲûôףҵƵӣͼԽԽάֵʱҲԽ
ȻӦģҪͬʱ۳ôĵƣγͼѶҲǾˣҪķѵǺˣҲܺͣЪʹã˵̫ٻҲδسܵˡ
Ԭȴûгŵ˵һ̣ĵɥҲûڷǰ֧Ŷãͱһնɱٳ˷ɻҡ
վԲƽ̨ϣ૵
кҳ֪ļһһս󣬷ԴʱԼʵҲһ˽⡣
̶ĸ£ʹӸսʱ죬Ծ죬֮Ŀࡣ
Ҳʱ˵ԼʵҲӽһޣϾ淨ĵرǿҲҪӦȥƿأȻؾ½ڣʵԾһ
а˸¡
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һ˺ҳ󣬲ռʯĿƳ۲ĳ³ϵˣûȥᣬֱ뿪ȡ



1059 ޵ӳ¶
µļһˡ
뿪ǿĳ³ڣĳǵȫǳһĺ£ΨַɱϾǲҲûʲôģ뿪ʱһҲ˵ǡ
ԭ³ϻΪĽҲ˷Ѽʱ䣬ҲκλˣõĻְܴеõ棬Ȼͺҳ˵սȴףԼ뷨ǶôЦ
Ҫ˵ҳȻϱҪһҲ۷壬ʵ֮ϣЩ˶ڷȫ𣬸˵ˡ
ҫɫҰףֻҪǰԼںĿ¼һţĵĿ־壬Һ÷ûмƽϵ˼
Ҳ߰ɣǾҪϻٶſ־ļˣ³΢΢̾Ϣ˵˫ǵжԵģǳžԵƣҲҴˡ
ʱգĴ¶ȵ𣬳ΪǵĴС³ԺһͷλҪǵ£ֲͷۡ

ǧʱ֮ɳ
𻵵˼һѡ
ԼջһĶֱԹԬ˵Ŀռʯ棬һЩսನٵˣһЩ
ջʱ֮ɳżڣʮʱٵķת£һöʱ֮ɳֻάһ죬żһ֮ãĵʱ֮ɳһĴ󻧣еʱ֮ɳõ˾󲿷֡
Һúҳǵˣʱ֮ɳ÷еʱ֮ɳ
˺ͷһǴ׷ɱ󺺵ϣõһʱ֮ɳߵԶܺԬȣҳڿʼһõʱ֮ɳҲԶߣڵʱ֮ɳǺʹĳǵһյ¡
Ȼżڣ˴ʱ֮ɳлǲ˲١
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ɲʱ֮ɳģ֪ؾڣûżҪĴʱ֮ɳĵط
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ĿɨռʯͻȻһͣţһЩ͸·Ǳʯɢŵĳ¶˳顣
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һ̫ٻĸҲˣʱ̫ܶٻоĵȽס
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ʱ̫ٻ𽣱ǶǵνѪ̫ٻһĵȼˣִ򲻿ռ䣬ȥ磬ûѪ
Ҫһǣ̫ٻԷʵһãĺôڸ־õսϣǿʵϣȴûκãϾЧ϶ԶԶȲϵƵġ
̫ٻĵȽףĿģ߳ޣϾڵ̫ٻѾ˳ޣܸоʮγɵͼӡ̫ٻʱڷظʵǷǳΣյģһλãȥĻ̫ٻ϶ҲǼˣӰ쵽̫ٻǷǿĵرǾԲġ
Ƚף⡣
ҵƳʱʧ󣬷ʵҲڻ½̫
̫ٻȽһãܸܳƣʮǼޣһĻȻ뷨ҲˣȥΪƿص̫ٻ𣬾ļˣٶ̫ٻ𣬿ɲڵƿصģͻƵľ
ҪҸط̫ٻĵȽȥܿ˾ԼǺġ
νѪ̫࣬һЩҲǺõģҲܻ̫ٻܵѹ
ؾ½󣬿Գ»ĶҪһȫĵطҲûôס
պ
ȫĵطûҵķ֡
һԭ֮ϣ˸ͬϵķǣۼ
ʱ֮ɳ
û뵽·ҵһʱ֮ɳĲء
ʱ֮ɳѻڲԭأ˸Ŷ˵ĹâһѣĿǼ¶ʮ¡
һʾ˵ĲƸ
̾Щʱ֮ɳĴУ߾Ҷˡ
Ȼؾڣʱ֮ɳĸǺˡ
ĿɨܣüͷһѰĲԭûκγ֮֮ǰҲһ˿ܵʱ֮ɳ⡣
Щʱ֮ɳ·ǴﵮĸоƵġ
ҡҡͷջ
ڷ׼ԭϵʱ֮ɳʱͻȻ䣬һ˴ԭ϶ѻĴʱ֮ɳǶʱֵĽ



1060 ͻϢ
ʱ֮ɳöʱ֮ɳ
û뵽ʱ֮ɳûȡߣǡ
öö࣬²ʮ򣬷ˡ
ѻɢڲԭʱ֮ɳЩոմ˾ϲ񣬸˷֮Ĵ
Ҳ˷ûж̫ٻ£ϵϢǿ󣬸ŲסǣµĶԷͷ㡣
ôûˣ˭ʶһŮͻȻʵ
⻰һ˶ż˲٣Ĵĸκһ˶ܼס˴˵ġ
ߡһ
ԭߣѹֲʶ˶ǻȻ
ɱȺ棬Ϊ׵һӢ꣬ƺУǹ°㱻Χ룬Ŀ˷һۣ·ڿʲô¼Ķž
䣬;һ˵
˶Ц
СӵùǣӣҲǸոյЩʱ֮ɳȴûܵٳҪл·
߶๼
ûӷҪ֪Ⱥ˼Ҳʮˣоǿߣ㷽еʵΣѵǵĶ֣û˻Ϊ
νٳһ£̾ڵ˳ɱڵķ
ˣͲȤջĿ⣬ǿʲôȤ翴صʱ֮ɳ
¶Ц
ԭϵʱ֮ɳȷֵģȺ˲ǺߣҲû׼óȥڿǣôȺˣû뵽ȶˡ
Сӣȥɡ
мȻţϵ;ұ仯޾Ŀ־塣
ȼŻ̫ٻڷţʮγͼӡ̫ٻϣ˾˲䱬˳
̾ʶǰķͲΪӣӲ޿ӲĴ壬ںڣѾˡ
Ŀ䣬̫ٻնɲǼ䣬޾Ĺȳأƺһ̫ѳ˿ǿֱֲӽǷٳ˷ɻңĵĻû˵
ǿߵһ˲䣬ʱŷӦ
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ãС۷ǿߣСġһȻع˻
һ
ÿһ̤ǿҵĹȴ̫ٻ𣬴Ϸӿ˿ȥǴ̫߳飬ԡĹȣ޿ƥеĸо
ٳɫڱˡ
ٳǿߡǰ˻߷˳۷壬סһ
ȻſܿʶԼش
ӷӿͲ۷еġ
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¶һ˿мЦݣе̫ٻӳʱͬһ̫ѳߵ御û˵Ѹٻ˷ɻҡ
۷ߣסһڻˡ
죬ǳǿߡ
ȼͲֵܵģ˫ȫһΡ
ȴ̫ˣǿѾˣʣµĲڣ죬һס
ɱңʥԳǵٳҶһëҵĸ׺ʥԳǵǿĺǶὫ׷ɱٳǿ侲æԼ˵˳ϣס
ʥԳǡ
Ĵǰʮ֮һʵҪ֮ǰĴĳ֮ϡ
Цв
ռҶԱȷǺε֮ǿҲûκεЭ˵ڡ
ʵжشλٳ
~
ӿ˶˽ȥȵˣһɫֳָٳڣȻȫˡ
ȻʱûΣգٳɫȴǱȹֻҪҰס
Ϊɫܵסһλĳǿߡ
֪һܡٳ־嵽˼㣬æ
Ŷ
˶١
Ƭ̺˽⵽νܣʥԳǵٳ֪һǰżڵʱʥԳǵĳоʲôƺʲôˣֻǽӵҪϢżλǿ߸ؾ½ĸء
ʥԳǵĳĳǿߣȫǸϡ
𣿡૵żڣûκδ
һٳٳ˷ɻңû˿֣ȻѾ𣬾նɱԷ͸߸ϣپĥѣȻأеĺȴǸز
Ҹһҵ㣬ɱ㡣ٳµĶ䣬ȴں
ʥԳǵĳ벻һ٣ϾΪʱ򣬲̫ܻгǿΧˣŻȥ
Ȼԭؾ½ıԵ븹ػǳңԶ
Ҳ׼ȥؾ½أ֮ǰҪһЩ׼



1061 ̫ٻ
̫ٻ𱻷ɫڷΪһ⣬ڲԭϿٷɹ֮ʥԳǵЩ©ĿռʯԼѻڵϵʱ֮ɳ顣
󣬷һ㡣
ʮʱ֮ɳԭ϶ѻʱ֮ɳʥԳǵϵģ˵֣֮ǰӺҳЩϵʱ֮ɳȥеʱ֮ɳѾǽӽʮˡ
ò˵һĿɿڴ֡
ؾ֮ǰҽǳǵȫеʱ֮ɳҲͲ֣֪ؾʱ֮ɳ֮ࡣ
ֻҪܽһΣջͻԶĻۡ
Ȼ֮ʱ֮ɳҲûʲôģżռ䣬˲ĸµʱ䣬ʧȥʱ֮ɳõʱջ񣬿֪˵ֻ
Ŀɨȫȷû©󣬷һٶ뿪

һƫƧƽԭ
ƿնƽԭϿգӰֳԴ˷ܣܿĵ˵ͷ
ͬؾ½ıԵ˼
ʥԳǵٳ֪µĶ󣬷Ȼһ¡
Լó»ͲҪôǡ
Ȼ»Ķǳ׳ʣڲ˴ʱһδ½
ؾĴͬһԴռԶȲ˴ȹ̣ԼҲǿڱĵط˺һ½Ĵ磬˵ֻ˺һǳأ˳»ĶȻᱻӰ췶Χ󽵡
ңǽؾĸºǸսǻᣬ˶Ҵȷʵмļʱ֣ڵҴ˿϶ˣؾ½أųǿߡ
Ҫ֪ؾ½Ǻε֮󣬷Žһ綼Ǵ´࣬Ǻε֮٣ˣǲ׺һڡ
Կ϶ʱڴ½Եʹó»ǿĵˣ˱Ҳ׽ģҪ̫ࡣ
ͨ㣬
ؾ½أ϶Ҫȥģ֮ǰҪ̫ٻĵȼ
ʥԳǵ˷ͻ󣬷Ѿ̫ٻ˾޴ѹȥĻĵرص˺
ʼɡ
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Ʒ̫ٻʼȡ𽣱ϵĽѪٱܶʼ
һȷû󣬷ջעḶ́Ҫעĵطֻ࣬Ҫ̫ٻȡѪͿˣʣµʱ䣬סһöʱ֮ɳ淨
˼̫ٻսѪٶȣľˡ
ת۹ʮ졣
һ˿ȡϵĽѪʧʧȥԴ̫ٻĽʱȻֹ
һУ̫ٻʱΪһâͶ
»ɽϵԤϣʮûһ˴Ҳ˷ɱ䡣
~
һ̫ٻǰնǿĹɨʱƽԭ˺һ޴ѺۣӹԶ
۷ڡ˵ͷ
ʱ̫ٻȼԭڵ۷壬ܽӽˡ
˼ĵرҲǿģԷֳɳڡں۷壬ڵ˼ĵرģڵ죬۷ˣͻļޣﵽ󣬾ǵؼĵرˡ
Ѿǽӽڡ
һνѪĹͣϧѪĴ󲿷òȫյĻ̫ٻֹˡ
ڵ̫ٻӦܹʮˡһİա
䣬ʮƿ۳γͼӡ̫ٻϺ󣬿ֲʱ
ǰ仯
̫ٻܣû˿Ҳʮļޣ̫ٻֻܳӡϸĵƣ򲻻б仯
һԤϣӶ̫ٻɲǼ䣬·һ̫ѳ޾Ĺӿ
ûио̫ٻĴʣ۷̫ٻܹʮˣûйǵʹȼ
淨̫ٻǿ󣬷̾淨ʵǳһ淨̫̫ˡ
طѧƤëѾȺܶ淨ڶ˶Ҫǿ޷Ҫŵĵһ㣬ǿ󵽺ֵز
ȥˡ
ջ񣬷̫ٻ𣬾ڱ⣬Ѹ뿪



1062 
ǰ;У飬ҲһЩʱ֮ɳ֮ǰģеʱ֮ɳﵽ˾˵ʮ
ֻԭһӵõʮʱ֮ɳȴûгֹҲǰһռչõʱؾ½ϵʱ֮ɳ޸ɾʣģ˼һЩ߽ϰˡ
ʥԳЩ˵ĶҲóһһʧǣõģһûС
ʵϣҲܺ
ĴҲ޷ռ䣬޾ޱȵΣգûбĴ磬Ե޶ֲûе޳ɳȻ˵ǵ޾ҲǼΪȻ޿õĵرҲǷëǡ
º󣬷𽥽ؾ½ء
ţ
ͻȻ̵˷Ŷ漱ٷȥ

뷽൱ңԶĵطɱһţܿ죬һ·磬Ѹܡ
Ļϳ·ܵһҽǳǵˡ
ܹܣ취һ߻ͷǿֵԵ˵ǿ󹥻ƵƵա
Щ棬ҽǳڣҪǴܹܣҲ֪ܹʶ淨˰ӳΨһϣϡ
ܹɫ԰ףûв뵽սУǱܱš
ȻҲɡ
ؾĸΣ٣ľ޴вʶҲͻͽʱѾ˵ıԵ
ʶ󣬾ͲֻܸӦвжܣΪҪǣʶڤڤеһ
ܹܻûͻƵ㣬ǿΪ֮ȻǼΪѣҽǳˣҲѾ;ĩ·ֵʵԶǿ󣬱׷Ϻǲ˱˴˼ʵ࣬ԷҲΪ˸ܹܴ췢ʶ
ܹܣֺγ֪ʱһߡ
亹Ŵ߶ʶɫҲԽԽ԰ףҡҡ׹
ڣڻߵ˿ҪŲסʱججĴܹԺһ⣬׽
ߡǿָһ󣬴ܹ͵һѪ˥˲٣ȼ٣ǷʶĴۣûҵ
ߡ
Ҳ˲ָ̫ܹ࣬̾ķȥ
ߣ׷ɱҽǳ˵һһʬĺЦҹ£ûлڡ
ȰǣҪٱʲôʵʵϣˣѾҪȫЩߣǵĸ
ǣͬĴǰʮĴ
ЩǵˣֻʮˣȻÿһ۷壬ҽǳߣȻʮˣʵβ룬۷ֻˣԶǹǵĶ֡
ߵɫѿ˼㣬ûͽѿ࣬ǿɱһѪ·
ǵЦţɱȥŲѪĹâ
ǸΪЩǵơ
ȵ̫ҽǳ˵Ļ˵һ˵汳ûб̫ÿһν֣ҽǳǶ䣬ʳ
ǵˣè׽ĿУƿ
䡣
һɭɭĴ͵ץסһӣڶԷɫУĩ
ǣһܵı顣
ҵ
ҽǳǵҲãûѡֻš
ʹǴܹܣҲްա
ʶϾһ淨쵽ȥ߾磬ҵһļҲСָǾ·ҲǱȱȽǣ˵㶼ûˡ
Ժеһ⣬ĿܣԺвĻþ
²⣬ܹܿ϶ǲ˵ģҽǳǵ̾ͻҲһ˿ϣʶϾĹ˼壬ֻ֮䣬淨ķӳȻһ
ˣ߹
ͻȻһ˾ϲĺ˳ȫϲȥ
˫ľѸٽӽ

ҽǳǵˣ̾ϳˣǶԣӡˡ
һʼĿϲڿȴһ˵ĸɸɾϸֳ
ϲ֮Ĵ󱯣ϣ֮ľ˵ġ
ǿһУвǿߣһ㣬ҽǳǵȻǸһиͿƲˣҪʹĻǵ˫ͬھֲֿĥɻҳ
Ͳʲô·һ
ߵɣԷĵ΢ʵƴʹͻᱻǵնɱͬھ
ˡ
ҽǳǵȫˣѾûܡ



1063 𾪵ľ
Ǿ·
ܹͬ˷̲סЦ
һҲΪܾǵӲڣԼ֮䲶׽һǴָʵ·
ܹܲǺ⣬ʶ˵Ǻܳ£淨̫Σˣ̫ߣûжܸľ磬ʶһ˾򣬳淨ϡ
Уܰǣ
ҽǳǵ˶Ѿͣˣĺ͹ǵ˾һսܹȴǽǶԸռҵϣ֪ϣҲ
ֻڵ㣬״ֻ̬żȴʲôˡ
߰ߡڴܹĽʱͻȻ䣬۾ȻɴˣΪĿߵǵûߣȻ١
ǵҲ˷ǽƽĿһۣûзǿĵţʱؾ½ϣ벻˭ǵĶ֡
ʱˡ
è׽ϷҲĹˣǰɡ
ҽǳǵͣǵҲʧȥ˼׷ɱȤһ߹Ц̽˸ɱĴ֣γһ޴ĺڰצɭɭץһҽǳǵˡ
˵ʵڣ׷нƣˣʵʣ¶٣⾪˵һצ㷴ûУֻܱĿ
ʱ
һȻ仮սҽǳǺ͹ǵ˷ָִ̫ٻķڳУ̫ٻ΢΢һնֻڰצϣʱ顣
ڰצ󣬴ӿǿϢ˷Ȼ̫ٻĹȣȴЩϢĿǣѸٽΡ
һĻҽǳǻǹǵˣȫˡ
ǳԾģǷһжôˣϾڰצߵһ֮ܽҲûʲô˫𾪵ǣȻӣǵûӣֱӲֽս
ѵǵжôǿѵԼĲ죿
˶סˡ
»Ĵúõ·ߣ·ƫƫҪȷӦģǹǵˣǱһĴЦʹڰצǸߣЦǰ
ǿŷڿ׳һǲ֪ߵغĴˡ
Ҳô˵ҲԼӲһҲ㳬
˵ΪԼĳǿߣ޵Уɵء
ǵˣǱ˿Цʵ̫ˣһ·׷ɱҽǳǵˣèϷĿУû뵽İ׳ճ֣˵ǵ׷ɱһԲľš
ҽǳǵɫѿ޷粵ΪͬԷûκġ
ԹŨŨĳͲм飬ȴһ仯ûС
Ĵķˮר׳ա
㡭
ǵ˷ŭˣӷΪϣһֻԼǰQ
ˣɵǡʬĺߵǹλ֮ˡ
˭ҲҪֽ׳յĹͷһ顣ڰצ˵ûͬ⣬ֱȥ
׳գղֻһʶһ£ҹǵĿֲ淨ܿ־ζɡ
ڤצ
ŲпâԼ䣬һӴ޹ӰͻȻšϢȥֻ޹ӰģϣķֲпĿЦ޴ɿݵĹצ̧ʵ壬޾ĺڹצϣ͵ݺץ
ҽǳǵ˶¶־֮ɫ·𿴵˴ӾĹצ˻佩Ӳ
С
ϣ¶ɫ⺧˵Ĺצûиκвĸо΢ʮƸֳγһĪͼӡ̫ٻϡ
̫ѳ
Įſڣ³ĸ֣һ̣·һ̫ڳѳ޷Ĺȡ
޹ӰĿЦȻֹ壬ڿֲ»ɢ
~
׵Ĺצֱڷһ£˷ɻңϢĻᶼûоͱ޹ӰҲɢ¶ޱ𾪵ɫ
ܡֻ̺ˣﻹüһն޾ĹӿߵǰȫâֲĸӭʧУоʲôնϣţ͸оԼڣƺһ̫ǿֲĳ͸£˲仯˷ɻҡ
ֲĹȺɨȫڷһ̣˶Īʣľ˱󣬷׷׳һֻӴ޹Ӱסǡ
û׵壬ǵʵĳȫԳܵ
ȵˣֻʣ˷һˣߣҶʣˡ
ҽǳǵȫסˣǷ֣ȻǺһģͬһˣǶԷȴһ㶼˽⡣
죬찡ô쵽ģ
һչֳʵֻһֿܣǾ죬ûκαĿܡ
ɾ⣬޷š
Ҫ֪ĸǰƵ󺺣ԶԶ磬ձʹƴסˣһǿȴƴģ˵𶯻֮
ڣ졣
޷񣬶̶ĸʱ䣬ô۷ģĸȼľ޴Խһ׿ţҲҪϳɰǧʱ䣬˽
ؾ½ȻʱٳһżǣʱٳٱǧȴǴδš
ܹڣ˶ɵˡ
ӷ֣Ϊǵȫ𾪣ʱչֳһɱ˴ĹߣǴױȵǿ𺳣һ𾪵ľĸо



1064 һ
ǵûôǿҵ𺳣ȻҲڷʵ𾪵ľϾǶԷһ֪ҲûΪӡȻı֡
Σչֳʵһ
죬Ȼ졣
ôܣ˵ǿߣǸطˣôؾ½ϻУһǴðģ
ǵ˶ˡ
ǸôſΪ֪ڵؾ½ϣû켶ǿߣûƵסǣ֣ɵҽǳǵˡ
ۿŷĮĿȫ˸
λƴˣ첻Ϊ׵ĺҧҧ
Ȼ죬ֲ಻˾ģҲʮֻʣ¾Ÿ۷ˣҲֻһ֮ңҪƴһϣûУҺҲɣչֳʵ־òˣϾ֮ǰϢʵڲֵһᡣ
սӵĻһӲǰսٶȣǶǾˣûһóٶȵġ
ɱ
Ҳ޹Ӱ˷пĿЦһֻֻɭɭĹצʵ壬ŷݺץ
ֲϢŰ̲ס΢΢ɫ䡣
ʮ£ʵڣԸ۷壬Ȼ׾٣ٶһҲڻ£ǾŸʮ۷壬ʩչĻͬһ淨˴˼以Ӱһ¥ôǷеּ֡
~
һնɲǼ䣬·̫ѳֲĹӿ;ֻɭɭĹצӲƴһΡ
ǾֻצȻɢǷҲûռϷ磬Ǿ޹Ӱûܵκγһֻֻ޹ӰŭŷĿޱȵĲпͱ䡣
鷳ˡ
üֵ̫ǿĲͬ淨Ƿ⣬ڣȴܺͷӲƴ˿·硣
ҪˣûôףȵҲ۳¾Σˡ
һУԺһͷûϸж
֣Ȼܺͷ⣬ǵľ˶ʱ˷֮»ָģʹ޹Ӱ۳צ
СӲڣֵһᡣ
ֵǣնɱСӣǳǿߣһûɱ
һӵΣҪȻ΢ԶһЩһ˽ȥ˾Ԯʱ̾ˡ
˶ųһ亹
ұ졣ɫŭӵĳ嶯Ͱ˶˾
ϾǾ֣ǿͷ⣬һһʣ˾ԲǷ֣Ȼᱻơ
Ҳ˹һȫעҲ˿⡣
Щϧղնɱ˵Ļɶˡ
ڷ͹ǵսһʱҽǳǵǻع
˭Ҳûע⵽ǣԹǵ˵һֱ׷ɱߣǱʶûǷ
ʵϣҽǳߣҲ۷ĸְһ壬˱ʱ䣬ָһʵ
Ҫǣĳ֣ǿϣȥϣ
֡ŭһ۷һ
ӰӳֻĹצ
˲䡣
Ĺצʣֻ
ڻߵ˶ֵһ̣۾
ǵҽǳǻ۷壬Ͼǵѹ̫󣬱ȵǲҿһСǷûУһֱû𣬾ǲùע⵽ҽǳǣҶ֡
ץסѵõʱ˳
~
ֲϱ˳һն̫ѳӭֻצ޾Ĺȳ¶ʱڣΪҽʣĹȿ˱޹ӰҲţܵǿҵĳ
̤У·̫е飬ȺС
áɫ䣬ȴѾˡ
һ̫ȺбĿäв׹ѡ
ˡңҲ룬ȥ
ȥûصĻˣҲֻӴܡ
һܲ˷ٳ˷ɻңĿ䣬ʼ׷ɱһǵ˻ߵԱߣһһǵĶնɱ׷ˡ
ɱЩ顣
𡣡
ҽǳǵ۾ˣ׷ɱôãһǶԹǵ˺޵˹ûҲͰˣʱܵıͷŭȫһԶı˳
򲻹ǵûϵǷܲ˹ǵٶȡ
գǵʮˣһûܵȫ䡣



1065 ؾ֮
˹Ǻ󣬷ûмѵĻߵˣֻȺеĴܹ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
кҳǵǰȻܵΪͬɳ֣ҽǳǵЩˣ󲿷ֶֻһ֮Ե̸ʲô顣
ԥĳֻ֣Ϊܹ档
һ˵ЩҪѯʡ
ܹ˼ƻָһЩҲ߳Ⱥ
̶ĸ£졣ƽķܹĵ𾪣ĳɳٶĿ࣬ԼΣȻܣǿʵͽٶȣҲпռҸصĴǸ
Լûж˵üʵҽǳأ
ؾʱ򣬷ȽؾܹܻͷȥҽǳˣӦһģҽǳȴڡ
ҽǳڣʵݵĹǵЩꡣ
Ƿֿˡܹܽһ䣬˵Ҳ¶֮ɫѾˣôûȥǸط
֮ǰļһż档ҡҡͷǸطʲôطô£
ѹܹ֡ȻżĻҲ˵ĹȥҲû
һǰؾһ˵Ĵ¡
׵ģһ޴ޱȵĹؾ½س𣬳ʧĪؾ½ÿһ䡣
һ̣˶Ƕã·ϵ
ǵʧˣͬʱһصѶϢҲÿ˵Ժ
ر֮ɳΪؾ֮
γѣлعȫؾ½أѰҹֵĵط
Ǹط˵ûжĵطԴӹֺһ޴Ĺâס޷ǰ
â֮أؾ֮дջûܵסҲԣнؾ˵Ҳؾ֮ĻؾҲ־ڣͬ־ѵ˵ÿԺѶϢؾ־ǣΪʲôżڣȴһӦûС
ǵúûжõĸоûнյκѶϢ
ܹܵⷬҲ÷ףʥԳǵٳһЩؼѶϢûȫг
üͷ
ϸȷʵкܶɻĵطżӴ󲻿ȻģΪĻֻ˭˾ֱʣԷؾ֮䣬ʲôϵ
Ȼкܶɻ󣬵ܿ϶ԲĴˡ
ڳֵعԼԺѶϢ÷ɻ
£Ҳ⡣ء
ѶϢģһ˳Ϊؾ֮ؾڵˣؾ֮һ֮䣬Ҫ뿪ؾٻ߸µʱ䡣
Լƿء
һ°˱һµʱ䣬ݲ˿˷ѡ
ô˵Ļҽǳȥ˹â֮أô棿ʵ
ǴܹǣʥԳǵٳˣҲûڡ
ܹܿЦҪâ֮أֻˣһǿߣһ֣ϴŰʱ֮ɳ
ҽǳܹȥˣˣԼһˣ⼸Ҳ֣ƽĳǵ˱Ƚ϶࣬ȥʮˣշеһ죬аʱ֮ɳ
Ĵ࣬ǿһ˵ʮ˽˹â֮أȽȥģȵǵ˽Ĳˣǵ˲ŴӲڡ
һ
ʱ֮ɳһ֡
һˣ֮٣ҽǳһϵʱ֮ɳҲӲġ
ܽȥ˶ȥˣĴĵߣǱǵ˶ˣһ·׷ӵܹܵ
飬Ƿ֪ˡ
һȫĵطȵʱ䵽ں뿪ؾ֪â֮غؾ֮׼ǰϾѾ˲١
Էѡ񣬴ܹûκ֡
˭ϣԼƿأĴ磬һҪϲ٣³Ϊؾ֮ҲҪֹĴ˳Ϊؾ֮лؾڵߣ֮ء
죬ܹܻȰ˵Ȼ죬Ҳ˲ȥʸ
İɣǻչ˺Լġܹܵͷ
˵ͷûоֱӾȥܹѾָ˹â֮صĵص㡣
ڵλãؾ½ˣȫٷУպ󣬾͵ִĿĵء



1066 â֮
â֮ء
۾ǰɫâֵĵطĿȥһʱظо
󣿡иɻⱻâ֮أƺһӴޱȵķһϤζǸĸоֲͬӦòżʱٵķ
΢ӿ£ƽâ֮ȥ
ΣȻǷ϶׼ȥģ֮ǰҲѯʹܹܣûиӦâ֮ڣ̫Σյĸо˵ʲô壬ֻʲôɱ
ԴܹܵʶһεģȻΪ淨ʶ϶о֮ʱҲֻѡš
˭
ͻȻһ𣬼ӰƧ˳ĿĮĿŷ
Ҵδ㣬ߣһüͷĴˣֻ죬Ҳòʱ֮ɳ޷â֮ء
ߣȻйǵȥ׷ɱûжĿĺܼ򵥣Ƿֹ߳˵Ļᣬ͵͵â֮ء
ʱǿߣ϶â֮ˣʣµģҲǼаʱ֮ɳˣʵҲǿȥЩ˵ɣûдӷϸов͸ˡ
СӸ˵ϵʱ֮ɳһֹû˵꣬۾ȫ˼
кܴĿܣʱ֮ɳ
һʷư
ǵ۾Уʱ̰Ŀ⣬ǿˡ
ҪˣΪһЩЩ̰񣬷û¶˿ŵɫᳶ¶ЩεĿЦȻ׹ѵıɱ⣬ȴһĴɢ˳
Ƭ̺
޾ĹӿУһ˻ȼ˽ɫ棬Ѹٷٳ˷ɻҡ
һ΢С£̫ٻ˹â֮أŲϿ˿˿â·ŷӿ˹̺ޱȵļͺǿȻ߱Σգȴֹ޷˵߽ȥˡ
ţ
ˣоеʱ֮ɳȻһִļƺܵâҪг
˼һöҫʱ֮ɳָˣͿöʱ֮ɳͻȻתΪһâϣͬɫĹâȴһֽȻͬĸо㱡ļĹâֺӿ˿˿â΢ɲ
ԭˡ
ʱ֮ɳǽâ֮ص֤ͨÿһöʱ֮ɳܵһҪһʱ֮ɳܽȫ
ϣȻûһôʱ֮ɳҺãһ·
ʮơ
ŵγɵͼӡ̫ٻϣֲӷӿ˳ݺײΧǼǿ̽ڽڰˣһׯͨ
·ǳļ򵥣ӲĴȥ
֪˶ãΧâʧһİĵط
ǣܣ¶ִ֮ɫ
û뵽ֵĹâ󣬾Ȼôһط
Χǿգޱ޼ʣǳңɼĵطҫţ׵ķΧţƽ
£ǼʵĺɫʯͷֵλãǿյУɽţǰģһͷɫ̨һһ㣬ÿһ㶼ǧ֮ߣԽϾͳֳƣһ߲ʵĽ
ǷĲ²⣬Ϊɫ̨ľͷܿģʮ㣬ÿǧף׵ĸ߶ȣϣͱ֣С
ô᣿
¶֮ɫԲؾ½ˡ
ǿգǰⴣؼľ޴̨ؾеģ·һ硣
ͻȻ뵽ʲôͷȥʱĹâ֮أʧܿĳǿգֻɫ̨ˣҲκ·
Ҳ˵ֻǰˡһЩҵ±侲
뵽ǸؾѶϢر֮Ϊؾ֮
¶˼֮ɫܿ죬뵽һ£أ֮ǰˡ
˵õѶϢҪȷö࣬һǰͽ˴˵أڣȴκһˡ
ǵɫ̨ǽǿգ˼Ҳûд𰸣ֻܿԼȥѰˡ
һ׼뿪ǣո˶֮ʣͻȻüͷһ壬ȥĽŲͣǰһŹâ׵ĸֳ



1067 ֻ̨
Źâ·һ㣬Ѹٱ䶯ţγһģӰ
üӶԷϣûиоǿҵв
ԵˡӰˣϡκθ飬ֳƺȴ÷ǲɳ鴤¡
Ӱȴû᷽ĸܣԹԵֻ̨ͻõµرΪؾ֮
ֻ̨ˣ
ӰĻУ͸¶˷ǳؼϢ΢û´Ļֻ̨ǰɫ̨ˡ
ǰֻ̨̨㾡ѪʮĹɣһٲ㣬ÿһܵѹֻؼǿڣԼΪ׿ţܵ۷塣Ӱ
ѹ𡭡üͷܲסѹʲô
Ӱģ˫۶ŷ׹ֻأһ
һȻֻ̨ûôõǣȻҲ֪׹ֻػĺǾһĸ֣˵һС
ҿѡ񲻵ֻ̨𣿡룬ʳһ⡣
ԡӰĮؾر֮գڣֻеֻ̨ʮ㡢ʮ㡢ʮ㡭ʮ㡢һٲ㣬һݻԵԼ뿪Ļᡣ
Ҳ˵ÿʮˡ
˵ͷֻҪûбѡˡ
ԷĻǲģ޷жϣʱҲֻѡˣϾǰһУͲġ
ˣҲֻ̨Ϊ˵õرΪؾ֮ҲΪ˻
Ҫţٵʮ㡣
ûмжӰȻģƺ飬ûоܾش⣬ĻȻݴ
ǿܽ⣬ߵһˣǼʱ֮ɳˣΪʲôҲܽ룿ʵ
ΪҪʱ֮ɳάתӰش
ӰشˣһܺõͷٽǰѶϢģǲؾôһ£˾ǰεؾ֮ںδȵȡ
кܶ⣬ֻӰȴûȫشֻˣǰѶϢȷʵ⣬ԷûʸӦȻҪ֪Щ𰸣͵õϵһٲֻ̨Ϊؾ֮
һֻأнˡӰ˵һ仰Ȼ̫ˡ
ȻѾ׼ٻشˣγĹâһѸٵȥ
һ⡣Ĺâʵ˭
âɢٶһͣţһ
һλΰġ޷Ĵڡ
˵仰ʱһ޸Ӱ·ӵ˸飬ش귽ʧˡ
𣿲֪ʥ˭ǿ˭Ĺʯţʲôϵ΢΢ҡͷûо⣬ϾԷĴڣǸġ
¶һλʥ
ʼɡ
û˷ʱ䣬Ȼ֪Ψһĳ·ֻ̨ϣԥɶ·
˶ֻ̨ȻҲˡ
ֻ̨ÿһ㣬ǧ֮ߣһȥ͸оӴͬˮ㣬ϷкϣСѹ
ֻһѹȻǿȥ׾ٶסѹѸʵǶϣ˵һ㡣
~
һϵһ㣬˲䣬ǰþƺҪȥֻԷļ־ȴΡȻ
÷뵽ؾڵĻɳƽԭû´ĻɳƽԭӰ졣
һжϣܿ͵ó˽ۣһѹͻ΢κһؾˣӦһĽˣܳܡ
ûֹͣ
ڶ㣬㣬Ĳ㡭
ԽϣѹӵķȾԽ󣬵ȻԷ˵ȻǲֵһᣬҪ̫ٻԷɳܡ
ʮ㡣
һʱΧޱ߻þ֣ޱȵʵ
ǰĻȻǳʵԼȴͻþ룬УҲҵĴڡ
Ƭ̺
ơŷһȣΧĻþȫʧ
̶ֳȣֻҪһϵˣܳܵסӰ졣ĬĬ
Ŀܿʮ㣬ʮ󣬾ͱڱˡ
һ㵽ڶʮ֮䣬һ˶ûУȻ˶֮ϡ
ܽģߣʱ֮ɳˣҲ죬ͣһʮ㡣
ϵʮҪһʵƲ⣬ڶʮҪ졭˵Ҫϵһٲ㣬Ҫʮʵ
΢΢ɫ䣬׼Ļڳˣûһܵ϶㣬õر
ϾǿĵҲˡ



1068 
ܿջ
²չǲ²⣬ûʲô֤ݣڲǵʮˣĵڶʮ㣬ʮ㡭ȵأǲǶӦһ죬δ֪˵ʲô
ûмʵǵʮһ㣬ĵȴ˻ᡣ
ͻȻ
Ŀ˵棬ֻ̨ĵʮ㣬ɹ⻬ӨɫʯɣʱɫĵϣȻֳһСͷ
ֳڰ׶ɫһǺڣһǰףμһϵĿȥ˲һͷĿѣĸо
ֻǶ˶񣬾ʹڰ׷ѣϻָֻиĹâһĻֳ
һڰ׶ɫʯͷѶͼһڰɫһ棬һںɫһ棬ƺڲؼĳصĪµϢ֣·λãʵš
ⶫ¶֮ɫ
ϲڰʯʲôͷҲŵͼʲô˼ɷȻһۿĲ
ϵĺڰ׷Ѿʧڰʯʧȥ֧ţۿžҪ͵˳ȥץ档
һ̣һصоڷĵȻȴȻȥ
νĻԵ¶֮ɫӰ˵ÿʮ㣬ͻһݻԵԼ뿪Ļᡣ
ֻϧڰʯ²⣬ȴܿ϶
ʮ㡣
ڰʯ󣬷Ŀ˵ڶʮλãĿꡣ
ʮһ㣬ʮ㡭
ȶʵ֮Уֻ̨һ㱻Խǰʮ㣬ʮһ㿪ʼϷкԶûеļޣӰ첻ٶȷֺ
ȶٶȣѸǰš
ϵڶʮһ̣㱣ޱ߻þ˽ȥΧĻɿţҪԶȥҪǳԽȥʹ׹ֻأ
ʮ㣬ʮĻӵı棬Ǳѹ˺׾ʧأԷʵܿʹӻþѳ
ϣҪϵڶʮ㣬Ҫʵ侲ԼĲ²ԽԽӽʵ
Ҫ۷壬Ҫʮ
Լ侲ûܳΪؾ֮
϶бİ취š
Ϊ˻ţΪ˱סֻҪڵʮıϾͺãǷ֪ȽЩˣ϶ڴˣҵ˵۷ķΪؾ֮ǽ֮ء
ˣҪҳ
Ӱ˵Ļ˵ҪôؼǿڣҪôΪ׿ţܵ۷塣
ǰߣָӦþʵӲȥôҪ۷壬ҲҪʮʵ⻹͵ı׼²ĸӴһЩĻҪǿԿֻ̨ϵȥҪʥʵ
·Ȼûܰ쵽ֻѰڶ·
˼·ֻ̨ͺˮҪҪôǶ£Ҫô衣
ʵ죬ȻǿӲǶ£ʵ㣬Ǿֻѡ˳Ӧˮԣ赼
ǰ棬˳
˳Ӧֻ̨ѹ˳ӦϷкʵǡ
Ȼ˳Ҳܰ쵽ģռɺͷ˵ؼ
Ŀ⣬˵ϣһڰʯǵϵڶʮ
ʮõǿڰʯз˳ڰʯŷһȻͬһԴŵͼȴǴྶͥ޷޷ƴ
ؼ¾Щڰʯ档૵
Щڰʯϣ򵽷򵽼ɣȻ˳Ӧֻ̨ʵǡ
浽ײʲôǼ򵥵ļɷǱģڰʯϸӦֵڰʯϵͼһİϤĸо
ͻȻһ
淨оЩͼ뵽˵γɵͼȻ߲ͬһԴĳ̶ֳϣȴһƵĵط
Ͼ淨ˣطһЩɹܱȵģҲֻŻէ
ڰʯϣصһ淨
󺧣Ժиһ⣬뵽һֿܣʵֻ̨Ŀģҳ淨ˣѵֻ̨ˣҪģһˣ
νĻԵʵϣһϴУ
ֲ²һӿͷ
΢΢Цɱһؾ֮ˣؾļֵδرһ߼ĽǿȥȻ淨£ѹ˵ġ
ȻҲȷԼܹ淨Ͼ淨Ѷʵ̫ǿ̣֮淨һ֮û۳飬ûɹĿܣ˭֪ڰʯϵ淨
ȵõĺڰʯɡ΢΢ҡͷڵĺڰʯϼصģԲȱ
һʼʵǵڶʮһ㣬Խǧ׺󣬷ͻȻУ͵̧ͷϷ
Եֻ̨ʮϣһ˫ĮĿͶ
Ƿ󣬼ĵһˡ



1069 ӳ
ڿˡϲ
һֱǷһˣǰһǷҪɣԼǲʲô嵱Уֻֻ̨̫Σգǰȫ䡣
ʵǵٶȻӿ죬ϷкԷ˵㲻ʲôϾǶʮһ㣬ֻҪʵ
תۼ䣬˶ʮ㡢ʮ㡭
ʵǵʮʱѾеѹٶҲĻʱһͻȻӿ˳ϣԾĵر󣬷ָ̻ʵǵٶȡ
ʮ㣬ʮ߲㣬ʮ˲㡭
һâӷӿסŴϷкֹʵǵڶʮŲʱŵĹâȻѾ֣ĵرõľʱֺ֮֮綼棬Ҳȴʹõĵر
ʮ㣬ʣǧ׵ĸ߶ȣԷòĿ
ȴǳ£û϶ʵǡ
ΪʱֻһˣӰֻ̨ĹĲ࣬Ҳ޷϶ܲԼʵǵʱ֣Էʵʹʮϵ˶Ҳ˵ǷȽϼɵģǵʮһ̡
ֻ̨Ŀ飬Ҫ棬һĿʵǵ;Уֻ̨ÿһ֮䶼ǧףʵǧ׾ʱ򣬻ϷкԽԽǿܶסܵǵ̨ȥ
һĿ飬ڵ̨׵һ̣ޱ߻þУʱģԷŷþʱĻʵԶԶ磬пв
׼ԼİΣȥ֤
ֻ̨ռΪÿһҲǷǳĴ󣬶ѹҲǴľˣǶΧƻǷٶȵȣܵ˼ѹƣԶ˲Ϣڱĵطһ䣬ֻ̨ܽһ飬ȴ
ѡһƫƧλãʼʵǣԼٶȥڽӽʮʱϵֹâͻȻʧɢŹâȵİɫ棬͵
̫ٻ
ʱ̫ٻӡʮγɵͼܿ죬ԶڵʮܱȵģȻþʧأҲάһԷԷ͵Ϯ
̤
ʮ㡣
Ŀɨһ𾪵ɫţ˻þ֮С
ʮĻþҪǰκһ㶼ҪĶ࣬Զ̫ٻķԣҪѳҲʲô£ܿ˻þ
û͵ϮüԷλûκα䶯̫ٻҲû⵽ļ
룬ŶԷ˹ȥ

˽ˣ
ڶʮһϣһ˺ӳ¶֮ɫ
ǸޣʵڣҲõõһʱ֮ɳŹ˻þ󣬵ʮͺܰȫˣҲûѹӳеĿŷʵͷ㡣
ʱչֳûӳе¡
İףӳϾȷһߣûʲô޵ɫ
ǸļһӳЦЦѡһƫƧλÿʼʵǡ
黹ɣڿϵʮʱӿİɫ棬ȴһޱȿ־ĸоĸоֿ»׽ճɻҽ
ӻþѳٶȣǿľˣӳв
˾Բڡӳ΢΢ţ۷壬ĸо֪졣
ҪҪӳ˻ţڿԸ߹ʱĶʱ˹ȵס
Ĵ˺սͲҪɣԷҪɱҲҪκνڡ
ͨ
ǣûߵԷǰĿԷ¶־֮ɫţޱȸɴĹ
ɱҡӳ
֪֮Բȥûյ£չֳʵԶ֮ϣӳû˿ֿ
ҲͲʮˡ
֪ԼӳûмǰΪֻֻ̨ܽˣһ뿪ʮ㣬ͱʮ㣬ܻ뿪ֻҪʮ㣬ֹʮŲ㣬·һ
ӳʵƴһĻʮ㲻ȫ޻ᣬû
ܽ˵أҲΪãؾ½Ϸּʱ֮ɳѻأһʱ֮ɳϵʱƻңű˽
˽⵽ֻ̨¶˾ģֹʮ㡣
֪Ȼ࣬ǿӳģҲǲ³һЩ
ҡҡͷ
ûҪĻûȤĴ˾ƴһģӳʵ᲻Ȥ
һЩҪ㡣



1070 ʮ
÷ôƣӳͷǳϣԼ֪һ˵˳
ǽʱֻ̨ǿҲǷǳ𾪣û·Ǿʧ룬Ӱĳ֣˵ֻ̨
󲿷ֶͷĲ࣬Ϊǽ˱Ƚ϶ֻ̨࣬Ĺ͸¶Ҳࡣ
ֻ̨ϣֻͬһ˽йλڲͬ׵ˣԷһڲ̨ϣһʵ;Уͬ޷
ֻͬһ㣬Լͬһʵǵˣܹ˴ˡ
յ̨׵һ̣þ֮Уʱ޷ģ򱻹߻̾ѹµĻþ
ÿʮ㣬õһڰʯ
ռĺڰʯֵܵһѹͻþϸ߲㡣

ӳԴԴ˵һС
ЩֻһӰ͸¶ģģǵֻ̨ĴԼܽġ
þʱܵڰʯֵܵѹͻþĿ΢
˵ĻЩ򣬷޴֪ȻҲòǱӦڶ˵¡
֮ǰǰ׵ˡ֮ǰĽûʲôоȻڿǶЩ
յĳһʱܵһϢû˻ѡʱ򹥻ģϾֻӻþѣԼΪµĻþ˵û˻
˵ڰʯҲ÷еԾ
û뵽ķʽ
Լÿʮ㣬͵õһڰʯûжĺڰʯ
ţͲǺڰʯãҲ˳Խ̫࣬Ҫ۷壬ҲΨһİ취϶ǲڰʯϵ淨
ڰʯʵ⣬бģӳãȻ޵ĵһ䣬ӳһ㶼û⡣
Ǹûпڰʯϵͼʲô
Ȼÿһõĺڰʯͬ²⣬Ҳûж룬뵽淨ʹȥ
淨Ĵа
Ȼǵ֪԰Ҳ¼һЩ淨ֻǰ㣬ÿһ㶼©ȱ
ֻ̨ĿģΪ˴УǾ;Բǲȱ©ġ
֪Ķ˵ˣϵĺڰʯҲͱߡӳĿŷ
ȴûһܿ͵ʮıԵ
뿪ʮ㣬ʼʵǸ߲ӳųһ˷·˰㣬ڵϡ

ʮһ㣬ʮ㡣
ţܿģֻʣǰŲ㣿ʮ󣬷ɫ΢
ȵʮĲ㣬ܿҰٶȼһЩȻûмһôţҲ÷ʶҰС
ʮ㡢ʮ㡭֤ԼĲ²⣬ܿķΧȷʵ𽥼١
ʮ㵽ʮ㣬ûϵڶˡ
ӳ˵棬¾ֻˣӳһһ˵ҪߵĶ࣬ӳϵĺڰʯǱȥˡ
ӳûмϵȫ⡣
ʮ㡣
˲䣬ע⵽ʮ㾹ȻһЩˣǲûӳڱԵҲûбǰ֡
һ̣˻þ֮С
ˣôܡ
ĵʮϵ˾ĪΪʮǸСǽžͷ֣ӳһİס
̾ʶ˴˹â֮ء

ȺУһ͵վ¶ɱ
շ
ôӦģȻǺͷռ֮ˣշ
ؾϳշ˷̣Ĵ磬Ҳģܹϴѩռҵĳ衣
ʥ磬ռ㳲ƽĳǶǰĴͲ·㷽ʥҲںȻռҵӰԼ֣Ҳкְܶ취
ʱշѹɱ⣬ûж֡
ϾΪأҲ֣һӰǰ¶˵ǽؾˣ´󲿷˶Ҫ֮ء
շȽؾһɵǺ¶һƬңȴշգҲҲ
ΪҪȵؾ󣬲лᣬȻǰǷûؾ棬û뵽Ȼ￴˷
ȫĽడ
·㲻ߣƫշдЦ
û֮λʱ򣬷ŲһʵŹʮ궼ûȻȾˣҲ쵽ȥ
Ҫ֪շʵϳ弸ģֻ֪ϲʮ㣬ûմ㹻ĺڰʯԼȥƴžʮ㡣
շΪԼԶ˷



1071 ʯ
ʮϣߣͬĴˡ
ͻȻֵķǾĪͻȻȺվշҲ˵Ŀ⡣
շ
һ˫ŵվɻһ䣬תͷþеķһۣСӣƺҽǳǵˡ
ǶԣֻҪ;Բǡ
飬ռҵУв֮ʱ򲻺öԸû뵽ˡշҧһŷ˹ȥ
ߣڣĸվշͬͬˣǶƽĳǵˣռ棬ʱȻշհ
⣬ȴһĮ˲ƽĳǵˣԱ˴˼ĹϵȻòȥշǾ仰һ˵ģǲֹԼԸ
˴󲽶УĴǱҲ̾˷ӦΪ׵һͷӵĴ£סշˡ
յģѵһˣСǵͷ۾õ
շĮĿŹͷӡ
ռҵСշĻû˵ͱˡ
ˣɾãʲôУ˭֪ǲġͷӸûᡣ
ĿŹͷӣշĿӵı䣬ͷӸ壬ҪĻǵȻȴҲû䡣
֪Ҫʲôڰʯ㣬ÿڰʯӸ˹ͷӣշ
Сڰʯܲˣ˳㱨Ҳ
õԼҪģͷһЦÿһ·
շڵѪĴ㣬ǸɵȻ߷ϵڰʯҲһЩϣϵʮ㣬ڹͷӵ£ȴòһĴۡ
Ҳ޿κΣҪϵĶȻ̣˻һЩӣĴˣͺǵжԣĻǡ
ԸɵΪءշܿ侲ֻҪɵԼ˴󹦣ռڲˮǴߣʧ
ڻþУʱȻᶯ֣˽ΧǶϾ˷һĿܣĵطֻ̨нˣǸõġ
ҿôշĿ䣬ȴŷӻþ롣

ʮĻþǰʮŲ㶼ҪȷѳʱѾǹһ
Ҳ̿ˣΧסշˡ
ƽĿһۣջĿ⣬շûж֣˵ӳ˵Ĺȷġ
ţȻǺڰʯһڰ׶ɫķڷǰ渡ģǺڰʯͬһʯͷ̾Ϳһ㾧Ө͸ʯͷӿŵĵɫҺ壬ȴǱĶ͸Щʯͷһɫâ
ڰ׷סշˣʱҲ޷֣ɫʯͷץ
һ̸֣о˲ԡ
ǣ֮ԴһҪ֪֮Դ̾ͻأҲֻƴ¯ĵطܱ棬һʯͷѵʯ
ʯֻ˵⻹ǵһμ
˵Уһʯһĵرһֱӽȼޡ
Դʱķ˵ȼ޵ĵر㲻ʲôʯ֮ĺϡΪǣҲûм
ǰʮ㣬ܹڰʯǵʮ㣬ȴٸڰʯˣһʯԺ˼ת
ӳ˵ǣÿʮ㣬õһڰʯΪӳƭ
Ϊǰʮ㣬ȷʵӳֹʮ㣬ûʮ㣬Ȼ֪ڷÿʮ㶼õһڰʯĹӦòӰ͸¶ģǱĴ߹ܽġ
һгҲ
ʮʯôʮأܵʮ㣬ֻʲôԼֻ̨ˣ²ŶԷĶ
µûԷΪһˣǱȻϣܵ۷塣
ǣֻ̨̫Σˣֻÿʮ㣬뿪Ļᡣ
£ʮİգ˸ðգͣڰ;·һˣӳǸܺõӡ
ʯǼȥðաƶ
ǵޣǳֵĽʯߣӦĶ
֪Ķӵˣûһôֿڰʯϼص淨˭ȥðʵǸ߲㡣
ת䣬˺ܶ࣬Ʋ⣬ֻ̨Ҳ˴µƲ⡣
շˣȻˣڱΧ˼ҲΪûǷûв
ڰ׷Ѹʧʯ
շȻ֮࣬ҲǸо˷ǵӣһаʱ



1072 շ֮
ôĵӡ
֪
ӵ˷׷ŭ
շĿĿŷŭЦǺǣշģΪʥû˸Ҷ㣿
ʥ֣ӵ֮ɫܿ侲Ͼʥ޷硣
ҷģʥһֿܰˣڿûǻ¡շ
ĺշתָĵ˵㣺һ֣Ǵδ棬ȴ˽ɣҲգ׹ҽշԪռҵˣв֮𡣡
ɱ̣Ľ֮λ㲻֪ô⣬ϧǸ磬ǻκβ㣬˭Ҳû뵽㾹Ȼ֮Ž꣬ͳˣû뵽ǣ㾹ȻĴ磬ֱǴûˣ£շô󣬻ûˡ
շЦоǲмϾĿŷûмŶ֣ʤȯյ£ȻԸúϷˣһ﷽쵽һֱ첻£˳ɹá
츳ȷʵǾޱȣżʱͳɳزֻϧϾҪˡշϧʼ硣
ζͳŷϵľš
ܳʮ㣬϶ƴȫȻƴһеĳĵĳɾ͸к˷ܣȴʵԶĳУ׹飬붼˷̺ϲа
ֻշʧǣޱ飬ûΪĿ־;
СװıʵҪǿˡշЦȫûǣʵҪǵĿܣϾɳѾһ漣ˣҪΪ죬Ѷȱǰκһ춼ҪĶ࣬ǲ漣Ѿˡ
˵ˣĿ⣬ڴʯ˻
ʲô˼շһķӦԤϣκһ֡
ϻ࣬Ȼ˵ˣǾͿ԰ȥˡ
š
շû˵У̲ס˳ȻһֲŸոճڣǰͻȻͳ޾ĹâţֲĻ潫ɡ
ʮ㣬һ̣ͻȻ·һ̫ǰѳ˿
ǿֲĻΧһУ޾Ĺâʮÿһ䶼ӳãȻ޴顣
ǹͷӵˣһˣȫȻޱȵ˹
Ȼֻ̨ϣâݵǵλʱѾûжɱֲֿȴǾ
죬ô졣շŵĺ˳ļޱȡ
һӾ˹װ⣬ʵҲûǷǽǿʵϵġ
Լ˵⳰һЦСıݡ
˵ô࣬Ϊϵƣֻһ
ˣûһ۷塣
һͽӵˣȫٳ˷ɻҡ
ۼ÷Ŀշ˶ڲţ־嵽˼㣬ԲŹ
ˣǷҲк³
󲻵жô£ʢɱģҲһò˶ãҲ
£շͻȻĴЦŤ
øϻɴޱȵһ̽շɡ
ռ֮ĳԽԽûлĿˣȵʵһ죬ռҲңȥ
շԭس˲ƵĿռʯ⣬һڰʯԼ
漴׹
ֻҪֻ̨֮ǰõĶͻȫܲס
շ⣬ȫûڰʯ룬ҲͨˣӦǱǿ߸ѹˣʮӳշ˶ҪռӣûϵĺڰʯΪʲôֻһ飬ûвµ
շһʮʱһƬţ˶ľ岻
ȻоŸˣһ۷嶼ûУǰ֣ҲԲǷĶ֡
棬һҽǳǵˣʱŷ̲ס˿ĭ
һϳ˷ΪɣҲװʶûгͷ˼Ļ뵽ĸ²ȻǿߣоΡ
˶Էָɵշ˵£ҪɱҲ
ͷӵĴˣжԣˣȴǺ·Ҫɱڡ
ڴ£ǸϽɱ뿪
ԷֳʵȻֹʮ㡣
շ˵Ķˣ¶һº͵Цݣڹͷӵȴڶħ΢Цǲ
ϵĺڰʯóûɱڵ˼ռҵɱҲɱˣʲôġ
ͷӵ˲˿ʱҪģæĽϵĺڰʯ˳
ֻϵĺڰʯͱѹθɾ˹ͷݱȽ⣬飬շ֮ǰ飬óĿ⣬ûܹ׷ֺ
µõڰʯͷǰʮõĲ࣬غϵġ
ֻˡ˺ڰʯûˣֱӵ̨ױԵһԾϡ



1073 
ʵţ̫ٻϣŴϷк
Ȼĵرûɲʹʱ̫ٻϣѾӡʮγɵͼ
һˣͻ۳µĵͼ
ǿӿţٶû˿ļ󣬺ܿԽǧʯڣʮһ㡣
ͷӵĿŷ뿪ж̲סһʵǵٶȣ̲סĽޱȣǿҲӵапܣ˭ֹʮ㡣
ʮ㣬ʮ㡭
ɿԽÿһ㣬ֻ̨ʮ㣬βɶвݵϢãоӴѹӽܼʱֻҪ۳γɵͼɴȥ
ֻڵÿһһ̣þʱŻƬ̵ͣ١
ǲɱġ
ÿһ㣬þȻǿҲΣյĻþÿʮ㣬Ĳв
ʮ㡣
ӻþѳ󣬷׼ϸһ㣬ͻȻ΢
ʮʮ֮ǧʯڣһڼʵţλãʮ㲻ʮףȻǸտʼʵǲá
⻹Ƿһʵֻ̨ˡ
ǰӳշˣֹ׼ǰˡ
û̿ʼʵǣǿˡ
ԷĴǿߣʵʱɣ˵ʵṇֻ̀ݡ
·ǱһصĴɽԼΪٶţÿһ׾ͻͣϢ
ˮ͸ܿʪѣļǽţԸо
Ų˵ĴϢԽԽ٣ϵĺˮҲǲͣÿһϢʱԽԽǽӽ˼ޣȥƴǰ
ƴֻ·һ
ˣĬȻ𽥱ϧȡ
֧Ų˶ˡ̾Ϣ
Ǹ߹ԼҪƴһ嵽ʮ㣬ֻʮ㣬Ѿļޡ
ûȥæֻ̨нˣʵǵĹУֻԼ
Ƭ̺
ʵǵ߰׵ʱ֧ŲסȥûץΣ˶ʱʯڡ
ʯڵ˲䣬¶ȿ־֮ɫڰ׻ӵĹâڻ͸û˿ֿأ˵ڿϢĻ˷ɻҡ
Ŀ΢
ֺڰ׶ɫâܶˣÿʮϵķ󣬾γɣȻʱȶ޺ģȻһʧܣɵĺڰ׹âȴޱȵĿֲ
ĬĬĴԭأĳһЩû÷ӰǸӼᶨ
ˡ
žž
ڰʯԼһ͵Ĺâӿ׹ʮĵϷ˴졣
ǰȥһݣʯڡ
ʮ߲㡣
ӻþѳ󣬷ûüܣоͶȻ˾ףһƿһξ롣
~
һ޴ȭͷӷԱ߲ɢǿ
ĿĿ͵ϮߣһĴߣɢϢʱ˫Ŀͨ죬оǷ֮ɫ
óڰʯóǰһӺ﷢ͺ
ԭΪ˺ڰʯ͵ϮҡԷı֣ʱ׹ڰʯֵܵһѹͻþǳԽޣϸ߲ı֤
ߵʵȻǲԵʮ㣬ԹΣʵȴʼͣǰǾˡ
֮Ъ˹ķ
ʮ㣬ֻ·һûԼʮĲǾٶԺֻʣһͷǾǳʮ㣬
һϣûκԥڷѻþ󣬾̷͵ϮҪзĺڰʯȻʧˡ
Һڰʯȥ߲ʵ˻͵ػȭٴ
۷塣Ц
߸оʱ̫ٻӷֳ︡ӿĿֲĶڲ
졣ŵĺ˳
ζû뵽Ȼһǿߣɱ
Ŀ䣬̫ٻӿת۾ͽû
ڰʯӿ׹䣬
뿪ʮ󣬷ˣһ䣬һ
ţ·ϵˣԲֹˣֻڷ֮ǰˡЩǰߵѪѵۿ˴ֻ̨ĿºͼѣһǻҷշҲᱻŵĲҴˡ
ʮİӣʮ߲ߣ϶ûжٺڰʯ鶼ղ롣
ԣǵĺڰʯҲˣЩ֮ǰϵĺڰʯҲ߼ߣ󲿷ֺڰʯӦöǿǲǽؾǿһˡ
ûͣ٣ʵǣ㣬ûκһˣʮŲ㣬˵ڵʽڰʯӦһǿߣۿϾܵʮ㣬ӳ죬ȴֹһ㣬֪ǶôĲʺ;
ҡҡͷʯϿʵţʮγɵͼӡ̫ٻṩǿȻٶȱ֮ǰһЩǷǳȶûκβ֧ļ
ڣܵѹȻһᣬʮ㡣



1074 »þ
ʮĻþǰκһΡ
ոյ̨׵һ̣Ͼͺ׵ӿ˺ڰ׶ɫâ˶ڣڰ׹âֻϾţûʮ˰㱻ֱû
Ѳ˻þֲʵãϵĺڰ׶ɫâ̾ͻתΪµľޣֻء


ԺģͻȻѹϴҵʹʶʲô
ˣںվս֮λȴ֮¡
ˮļӿ䡱ǰһ̣۳һѻɵľ޽޴ڣ޴ӣֱӹᴩ˷壬ǿƻ壬ն
ʤѷ֡
ˡ
΢ĩķܶƴۿż۷壬ȴһ鱻ܺͲȴ޿κΡ
Ϊʲôһ֪ʹõ֮
һгĵ׸𣬲ȴ΢紵棬ûڷ
ǰڵʱ򣬾˵֮ʵʱоʱرĳ˵һû뵽ġ
˳ǣѵ¶һЦƵЦɡڵˣֻܵ٣˼άǺܻԾӿƻá
ǺЦ֮ʵҾȻһΣ棬ⳡվսӮңٽڵԼ붼޷ľ磬һֻ̨صطֻϧչΣʵʵýˡ
ʧܵζ̫ˡ
ϣǲһΰ
ƽʶģ֪Լ֮ܿͻӴûһзˡ
ˡ
һӸµĵ
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˷ϵ˻һ̨ףʰϣԼĽ֮λͶĿͲм
ǻû𣿡µʸ
ûȥ־̣ʶʧ֮ǰյ̫߸ϡ
ое̫ů
ԴԴҫĹâ÷𽥸оůһɡ
ͬʱ
ֻ̨ʮ㣬Ŀţݰ·ڲʱ̣ϵĺڰ׹âҲȻ̫ٻȴɢǿҵĻ棬סṩͺڰ׹â⣬ʱţ޸֮Դĺڰ׹âϣҲʮȱڣ·Ǻڶ㣬ڷϵĺڰ׶ɫâ
źڰ׹âıա
þеķо𽥸գʶҲԽԽѣʲϵĸ֡
ԭǲΡ
վᴩʧ
ʧܵˣ㡣е̫׹ڷγһѳģһֵĽٳ˷ɻҡ
Ŀɨܣ¶һ˿ЦƺܸоþĲʡ
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޾Ĺȴӷӿ˲ͽþ䣬³ֻ̨֮ϡ
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ǰʮŲĻþʮĻþЬ䣬֮ǰþ֮Уȴѣ֪Լֻ̨ϣǰһжǻþҪѳѡ
һΣԼʶ飬Ϊþʵµġ
֪оͳ˽ȥһʶʧֲʵãǷĻֻأڰ׹âɡ
ֻһߡ
Ȼһλ˵ΣգҪΪʵڣǿ߱ʮʸ˶˵εĻþǰδеģΣ
÷ӻþѳģ̫ٻԼʮڰʯ
˼ЩڰʯȻֵܹһѹͻþ
֮ǰЩڰʯһֱţûչֳκãΪǽڲ֪ģǺڰʯҪѳҪʱ䡣
ᷢʱҲ˳ڽӽ޵ʱŻᷢæֵһѹͻþû޵ĻǾͨʯ顣
ţ
ʮȻˣûһʮ߲ͲһУ÷˾ɫĿɨȥ˻ϤİˡԪԼо֮ɫҽǳ
һΣʲô
Ŀ˻ǰĵϣһڰ׷
ÿʮ㣬ֻҪŹ˻þĿ飬ѳܵõһݻԵ
ǰʮ㶼Ǻڰʯʮʯ˷Сľϲôʮأ
ڷתͷʱһӰӺڰ׷лֳ



1075 ʥȪ
źӰڿвϱ䶯̬·һ㡣
֣ҲĿ
һŵɫҺ壬ţһִĸо󣬷ܸо̺쳣ӴȴǷǳº޺
ĵرҲ֮Դüͷ˼ͻȻ΢΢һ
ѵ˵ʥȪϲ
ʯһͬڴ˵еĶֻȴδ
ʥȪãκһȼ޵ĵرͻƼޣ߱ɳԡ
ӱ濴ʥȪʯһǼΪɱòǺܴ󣬱Ͼһ˼ĵرԴʱķ˵㲻ʲô
ǷԲһ
ĵرߵĵرһȻɵģҪֶνס
ҪȽ˼һҪģĵر߱ɳԣڶǽ֮ĵرʡ
̫ٻΪ˵ػ𣬲ųɹ߱˳ɳԣҪһ
ʵϣкܶǿĵرΪһϣ޷ͻƣŲò̭Ͼٴ죬ҲֲȽ̫ͣӲ
ҵһЩ֮ҲֻǶһֻ߼ĵرãԺܴ
ʥȪͲһˣκһĵرͻƼޣ߱ɳԣ̺ŵӴ쳣ĴϾܱκһĵرԼҪӦ
Էľ飬ʥȪĹģһĵرﵽ˼ĵز
ʯĵرȼޣʥȪĵرͻƼޣһ֮¶֮ɫ
ȥû´ĻʮĻԵҪôǾ֮Ҫôĵرˡ
ʯʥȪĺ̶ȣ³ʮľ֮ǵؼ켶ĵرĻȻҲǷǳ졣
ֻҪܴʮ㣬ֵ̾ڶ˼ĵر׵˼ĵر
⣬⡭
뵽̲ס˫ĿŹ⣬ʵ̫ˡ
һ˵ĵرҪԲԶطһ淨ҪɷҪȻֹһĵر
̫ٻö˵Ҳ÷ȥӵı⣬̫ٻһֱ켶
ȻĵرͲ˵ˣȥһĳԽȵĵرȴЩ˷ѡ
ھһᣬܵõڶǿĳԽȵĵرǸ࣬β÷
ʮ㣬ֻ̨һ룬Խϵջ񣬿¸Ӿˡ

ʮϣ⣬󲿷˶˹
𾪵ˣȻҽǳϾԷĵϸһЩ˽ģ˲ʶûΪȻԾܳ嵽ʮ㣬Ҳûô
ףСе졣üͷһʶĸоƬ̺ԭηɵѡ
Ǻͷһ棬Ȼ˴˵ӡ󲢲á
֣ߡҽǳվ˸к
ĿɨܣһЩеĲ⣬йʮľ󣬷ȻΪ˻ల£ڰʯϳû˻Ӷ࣬ûܿ͸ԼĵϸԼһ֪һʱûж
΢ҽǳ˹ȥΧмǿߣ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
ΣҲһ˴˼ûдͻĻҲһС
ܳ嵽ʮ㣬кڰʯʵҲȥ
֣ǡҽǳŷЩ˵
𶯣ʵ̫ˡ
ΨһɵģƴʵȴмһˣҽǳԷٻЩӸµƣڣȴһ㶼ˡ
Ҳйɣǲ֮ǰһֱʵϾĸ´쵽죬ٶʵ̫˵㣬ͷĹϵ̫죬⣬Ҳʳڡ
û뵽˳ˣʱ򡭡΢΢һЦϹǵˣҽǳ˵˵˳
ҽǳɫ䣬иңҽǳǵЩˣϵΪĻǴܹܣߵʶҽǳܴڵһϣܹܳ£ԺҽǳǵӱȻù
ǵЩ顣ҽǳҧгݣһˣǹǵǿߣ߸Ӧҽǳߣݺݵ˹
󣬻ҽǳջĿ⡣
ˣıȽϳ٣֪ܸܲҽһ˵
û⡣
һ£о˴˹ϵЩҽǳһڴӦԷӣҲСæ



1076 ʱƽ
ҽǳȷһ£ģԶȷḻ
â֮سֺȽģĴˣλʵԶǣеǿߴ󲿷ֶƽĳǵɳ£Ƴ죬˵ءҽǳ˵
еɳؾ⣬λߣҲһΪǿ
ˣܼʮˣгǿߣжʮλоˣʣµʮˣȫĴģֻڻˣûôˡҽǳ
΢ݣʮˣȥ켶ǿߣ˻ʮˣǷһ·µˣȴʮ˶֪кֻ̨ܶϣڰ׹âɡ
ʮĿɨһȦʮʮˣ⻹ǰҲȥˡ
ȻҲ˶ʵ
ԷʵӦ£ηɵУ˵ʵӦ൱ηɵʵҲӦڣȻǵʱ
ηҲǰĴ磬ڵʵҲֹǰ
ʵӦǽӽ죬ݣûж˸ĺڰʯпϵʮġ
أʵ
ɳûֹǵʵӦܳ嵽ʮ㣬ˡȫˡҽǳһЩңǺģ֮ǰĴ˾Ѿʵֻ̨Ϊֻ̨Ŀ˽ⲻ㣬˺üˣʮ㡢ʮĲȵأֻ˲а϶Լʵļģʮҷǵǿĸ࣬Ҳ޷ƽ
˵ͷ
ԭĴ죬߼һ˴ʵ£϶ᶯֵģܵõԷϵĺڰʯҲܶϾ˳Ϊؾ֮Ŀܡ
ǣΪĴȽ϶ֻ̨Ԥ㣬˺üǿߣ˫ʵ޼Żలµľ档
ӦܿʮЩ˵䣬ϳ壬䲻ǡҡͷ
ȻҶǶģǾ޴ǰж侲ҽǳЦ˵ˣʮ㡢ʮ͵õһ޼᲻ݵؼҲֻؼһǻе֪֮ҲͷԷĳȥ
ҽǳɬ
ؼ͵ؼĵرһεģܣܵõһҽǳʵͻͽΪĴǿļˣҲԼǱͣп۷壬ˡ
ջһĻᣬûмֵܵ
ҽǳҲͷԷȣҺ֮ǰ˳ȥʮʱ򱻺ڰ׹âɡ
Ǹ˵³·һˮ£ҽǳָǣûг嶯ڷҲͿˡ
ҽǳ뷨
ɽȴζܡ
ֻ̨̫ˣĴ˶Ҳһ֪ǰؾҲδֹαϣҲ֪˻ǲҡҽǳҡҡͷ
ҸһҸ棬ûʮյĻǧҪϳ壬ÿ˵ֻһΡҽǳ֣ص
ٺãҲҪȥáĵȻġ
һ㣬Ҫرע⡣ҽǳͻȻεĿܣѹҪ߾裬˶Գʮʧȥĵģֻʱδ
һݣ̾ҽǳ˼
ϣʮ㣬û˻ȻʮˣǵİնǺܴ󣬶һûʱ̡
ؾرգ߸ʱ䡣
߸ʵͻͽȻٺòûнôֻʣΨһϣˡ
ڰʯ
ʱ򣬿϶ᱬͻǿߵĺڰʯʮϵĺڰʯȫۼһϣһ˵ʵֲĻ˵ܳʮ㡣
ϣʱ֡ҽǳûϣȥҲϣʧȥڰʯ˭֪ǵļֵǷֻûҳˡ
һġ΢΢һЦ
һ󣬷ҽǳߵһƫƧĽ䣬ûжľٶ
ʮˣ󲿷ֶ֮УȻץʱҪʵ
ҪҪϳ壿
Լڿ⣬лᣬڵʵҲֹʮ㣬Ҫ·һˡ
߸£Ϳ߸ܲɡ
һöʱ֮ɳΧʱٶʱӿһóڰʯ



1077 
ʱ֮ɳĹâ£ʱȻ١
ܳ嵽һ
źڰʯûκζʡ
ԵĻȻϣܳ嵽߲㣬õĻԵ׳ԼϾĻԵпֻһΣûԸ
Լļޡ
һЩصֶΣºڰʯٶ࣬Ҳܳʮ㣬ڰʯǸܴ汾ҪǿгȥǷǰͻᱻڰ׹âˡ
ҪҪȫ
ʮ㣬õѡ
жЩʡ
ǷûһǸĵģǵĲĸǿңΪϵĳ»Ҳǵؼľ֮һ켶岻ʮȻźܽܵġ
Ȼҽǳ˵岻ʮ㣬ζǼһ
ҽǳΪõ˵ؼȴȱؼĺģòǺѾֵͺãȻ޷޲Ҫ޲Ĵۣͳ챾ˣ˵塣
ֻгȥǰջŲ޼ֵ
߸ұʵ̫Ľǳ侲ʵҪǱסˡ
ڵʹƿزˣ˼Ҫϳ壬ֻѰ
Ŀ⣬еĺڰʯϡ
ûǿϳĻֻܼϣڣ淨ˡ
ʮϣڰʯϸˣһˣûǴģȻǲ֪ڰʯϼصľȻһ淨ǶҲףҪǰϣںڰʯ档
ȫ񣬶˺ڰʯϣͼҪ淨
ʱš
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ʮƽ˶ڸģԽԽˣʼڰʯ
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˵ǿߣʱ֮ɳͲö֪ˡ
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ڰʯ㲻Ҫ͸ҡ𣬱У¶֮ɫ
붼롣
׷ŭһй鷢йҲܾѺڰʯˣǼȴѾû˼ģĿĴΧˣƺڿĿꡣ
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ڰʯǼɬޱȣţҶһ֪⣬˸˵ˣջǵÿڰʯϣʮ㡣
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Ӽţڰʯ϶һ
Χˣһüͷ˼ģоȻһԽС
ЩȻʵǿöܱ࣬ȵҡ
ܣҲ˵ЩԴȥɡ
Цתͷȫעķһۣ̲סЦװĵͦ񣬾ƾӣҲұȣ
˿Ϊܸһ״̬
ʱķɿ죬ʱһζ
һЩѡһЩ˷Χͣ߶һУûӰ쵽ֻҪûΣյĸоͲ˳
ϧˡڷеĺڰʯ΢΢̾Ϣ
ڰʯǱܹ״̬»Ͳ̫ˣҲûô׽롣
г»ʱһĿķһ㶼ڰʯ
ʱ䣬ʱ֮ɳӰ£һ꣬ȴһҲûв򵽣ڰʯϼص淨÷ЩԼж
ʵϣǺģˣж淨ʵ̫ѣжֻг»ֻȴʱȥȥĥһĽһ·żֹǻ
ó»ԥ
»óĶ̫Ȼֻ̨ϣӦûܵѹƣͬһ㣬ӦöܸӦĲʱ򣬿˶
ãֻ߲ܽ㣬ʮĵطʹó»
ǣһ뿪ʮ㣬ǳǳʮ㣬Ȼûл·
òԥ
ڵûжٰܳʮ㡣
Ҫѡ𣿡̧ͷϷʮ߲ϣ֣ĳ
ţ
ͻȻ΢ջĿ⣬վӣֱ



1078 
ϧˣ֪ˣҾʮʱó»Щź뵽
ȻҲˣǲʵ
»ǺεҪľ㹻ۺˣ˵ڰʯ˵»ˣ˷
򲻵ѣǾԲǰó»ġ
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ҽǳ˵˶ֹʮģǿ϶жֻж棬εѡҲϣȴڼ䣬иĺڰʯ
ھؾرգֻʣһµʱ䣬ҲڵȲȥ
ˡ
ʮϣһоˣȥԼҽǳλ⣬ʣȫƽĳǵˡ
ȥˣȫǿߣ֮ǰʮˣһһλһҲƽĳǵˣϴʱ뵽ʮɳƽĳǽؾǿߣˣԶҽǳǵߵĵһ
˵ľٶ̾ҽǳվ׼ͷ֣Ȼƽĳλ죬ȴǵסǡ
²ʲôǰˣҽǳɵޱȡ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪžͿˡ²ʮĻ˻ָȲ̸룬˵λСֵܣӦò˶á
˵ϣ
ģǲ޳ڰʯģһЩ²Ͼʤȯյ顣
ҽǳɫʱˡ
λҲɫ䣬һʱеò⣬иǸе
һ·ȻҲɹѹα˵ĺڰʯ£û뵽ֵǡ
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һˣֻ֪ƽĳǵˣȴ֪֣Ȼأ˽⣬Ҳְˡ
ĿɨΧҽǳ˱סȫĴǱߣҲͬʱ˶
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ȽƽĳǵˣȻڲٽ潻𣿵Ǵ̡Ц
ҽǳҷ֣ΪŲˣͬһģڱǾһģļƻҲǽû˸ĽڰʯĻϣƽĳǵһ¶⣬ȴļƻա
ڳ²һҺҽǳһģƽĳǿһȻִѹĿꡣ
ֻҪ˷סˣ˳սǵĺڰʯȻЩٽ潻õѡ
ʶʱΪܡߵǰӸµ˵շģڵƣҲĺЩڰʯϸʲô󲿷עֹֻʮ㣬кڰʯҲûãȻˣãѺڰʯȫϣˣΣ
ⷬ˵ĺܺȻвɵĿȴ˲ˬȴǺͬĵ˵ͷ
Ǹ⡣
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һڰʯһʱ֮ɳ۸ԲˣΣЩ˷ܵ˵
۸ȷʵͣϿʮڰʯģǸС֡
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ٴû뵽ǣȻҡҡͷ
һǧһǧʱ֮ɳٶˡƽ˵
һǴ𣿡Ŀɿڴǵһμ۵ңܿ׹϶ϣȥܽƽĳǣŻ۽Լˡ
Ĵ磬ﻹбƽĳǻȫĵط
Ϊҵ˷۵ɣȥܾϾʱ֮ɳǺεȻؾջ񼫶࣬Ǿ볡İʱ֮ɳͱ˴룬ؽʱȻøʱ֮ɳƽĳҪΪ˹ȫ֣ҲóһЩ
ֵܹȻʹˣģؾġЦݡ
ϵĺڰʯǡ
û˵꣬ͻȻһöռʯӷ˹ӵϡ
ؾϲʹˣ˵˼ֺʶȲ̽˿ռʯУܿ죬ɫͽӲ
ռʯ棬һڰʯһƬƬģȫʱ֮ɳࡣ
ǡȵĴ£ԽһûתΪôˡ
Ҿ֮ǰ˵ǳĺã󲿷ȷʵֹֻʮ㣬ڰʯҲǷţãһ㣬ҷǳͬƽ˵
ãҲͬȻˣͿѺڰʯóɣһʱ֮ɳĻҿóģһǧʱ֮ɳһ飬ͯۡ
óڰʯڷӦŭ
㲻˵ҪѺڰʯȫϣ𣿡üͷһ£Ϊϣʮˣҡ



1079 
ˣҡ
˵ϣﻹ֪Լˣˣ˵棬СļһﵱˣطӦ̷ŭ˼㡣
ˣҪ۵ġŭŷĿˣҵҪж£ôǲҡ
һɢſֲĳУصĴ߶һɫƴӳ·ܽһж׸ѡ
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ĶҲ̫ٻ˲УʮγɵͼҲӡ̫ٻϣֲĹӿγɢҫ۹âȵĹ棬˷ȥ
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˼ĵ⻬һ㶼ûܵ˽ֵӰ죬ɼֻ̨Ĳ
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˵ˡһЦ
ɫʯͷǷżõһĵرȣԶԶ̫ٻȼ޶Զ
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΢һɫڷǰֳܿ͵ʮȻĵƸֳʮ
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ڱԴϢͬʱɫʯͷϣҲһ˲䲼Ѻۡ
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ȻҲ֧һ£ֱӱƬɸӣһƬѪ



1080 
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ڵǿߣɼҲûаգô򵥺ɱˡ
ƽĳһ죬ڿغһ˻ΪѪʱɫһӱĲ԰ޱȣʧĵ˼оǿ־塣
ʵ޼ʱȥ뵽ǿ־壬ҡ
ܣⲻܡܵģͣܲһʵ
һֱСĴڣǼʱôΪδֻ̨ϣҲʮ㣬ҲֻΪǽӽʵǿźڰʯŴеԽһֱڡ
ڿ˱׺ɱ˶ɵˣеĽһǴ
ƽĳǵļˣҽǳ˵͸ӶˣĿУп־壬ţҲпϲã
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Ȼƣӡȥġ
ڡжϳ˺ɫʯͷʱƻһһڡ
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淨ĿֱֲʱһЩߡ
ɫʯͷܲƣƸոչͨԴ֮ʱ򣬽άһ˲ͱٵˣıԴ٣ɾôһ㱾Դ˲ɱλ졣
̫ٻɳܳƵʱ򣬱Ǻεǿ
ţԲ졣
⻹һƣطŵһ㣬ҪվŸơ
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Ƶڵƿصģ˺ɫʯͷ٣ԼҲܵ˷ɣֻʹâΣձҪ̫ˡ

һӰѪеûڵϷ죬ϵĺڰʯ
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΢һתˮ˷ͬһĵرȺɫʯͷǿһ
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Ĵ˶Ǵʧɫæ˿һξ룬֮ܳꡣ
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ҽǳ˻ŴӾ޴ѳǵɫ԰޴棬ǵ嶼㱻ʳƬҺı㣬ڷͳ²֮䣬ǽǱһʱͻᱻ飬ص˵ĺ󳾡
˴Ӿ޴гҲ룬ͽϵĺڰʯȫ˳ӽ棬ͬʱƴȥ
̶ֳȵսҲҲκϽȥˡ
Ƭ̺󣬷йԼľ޴ʧһĵرɢ
ͳ²Ӱ֣˶֮
²Ѫ죬ѪⱻֲֿĽɱ֮㽫˺Ƭ
ҲûõȥȻһ̣Ӱһ¾޴бĵصͷλΣյɱʵԶ²˵ĳ̶Ȳಮ١
˵һΣóĮϵƿûһۡ
ҽǳ˵ĺڰʯƽ֣һУϳ²ϵĺڰʯǷڱص֮
Ρ²ԥ
Цԥٴӡƣһĵر
ֲ۽֣˶˽ȥɢֲĸº
ȵ۽ȥ²Ѿȥ˰ȫԸֶξȴҲȲ˱ĵرҷӡƣĵرҪʱǳ̣²ҪнҲ첻óȻĻģ³ҡ
ͬˣȳ²Ҫ࣬Ͼ̫ٻ̺ͬſֲĸ¡
һΣûѯʣֱȡĵر
Ҹ㣬Ҹڰʯ²ˣԼԳŲһıǷȴһ
ľٶϧܾˣ²־ټͣҲڱ



1081 ʮһ
Ʋţӿռʯȡ˶ʮڰʯ²ֲĿһۡ
ٺãҲûҪɱĻЩڰʯҲԼ֣뵽²ԥЩڰʯȫ˳
вʣǺڰʯɹʱ򣬱ȽϿĴһߡ
ĺڰʯûм˻ֻҪЩڰʯĴȥһ᲻ģӶĴͻ˫ƴĽΣǳ²Ը⿴ģ䣬ٺòˣҲܳһڶ
Ȼ²̫ԣһŭ֮½ɱˣǾ͵òʧˡ
ֻǷеᣬĿŵķĴˣ²ȫΪˣ޷׼
ѽá²ͺһȻϵ˿Ǹڡ
ͷһˡ
͵س󣬷⣬Ĵ֮ǰʮڰʯ
Ĵˣûϵڰʯ߷ɣ֮ǰͳ²ĴսΪ˲˾룬ҲֻĿźڰʯߡ
¡һ͵һ뷽찴಻סеֱ̰Ӷˡ
ǿ͵س˹
̫ٻУһӳ
~
Ѫɫһӱɷףϵ˿ҲǱѿȻһ֮ٺˣѸ˵ʮԵ
ʮϣ˶̬졣
ĿƽһɨƵı仯ۻ
˵֮ǰǶص²Ҹס˵Ļôڣֿ־ˡ
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Ų˶ãѾǿ֮ĩԺжôһͷ
Ĵ綯ֵˣǺ£Ȼڿûнŷֲֿɱʱʱ˹пϲ
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Ļһڣ˶΢΢ͷ
ǵĻ»̴ӦӦõѡˡ
ʹɱصˣش˳²ȻΪܳ嵽ʮ㣬ΪսԣҪϳĻͲ̫ˣϾ̫ء
˶Ϊ˳ƴӦʱͻȻЦ
ܶ˵ǡת䣺ֻϧһֶš
ϸո¶Цݶʱ͡
âͻȻŷȥ
ǳһ˵Ǿ仰󣬷Ծʮ㣬ͨʮһʯڡ
ǿѹ̴Ϸкڷϣĳ£һЩ˿ٴαѣѪȴ˿ûᣬ߶̫ٻԿѹʵǡ
ӰʮԵ³֣оǰա
ʱŸոʯڣʮףȻȴһҶ
һû·岻ʮ㣬ֻ·һ
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ԥƬ̣վѡס
ܵ˺ܲߣһЦһĴˡ

Ӵѹ˷ϣ״̬µֻоԽԽأ·һɽѹϣ÷
֣֡
ҧƾԼǿ־֪˶ãΧǷ·ҪѹȻʧһþ̸ڷǰ
þµĵطÿһʮ㣬ʮһĻþʮͲ̫ˡ
Ȼˣٶ˳
~
ֱʱŷʱڣԼǰȫġ
·ʮϣĴҲҽǳ˶һԣǵʵĴʱҲǣӲҪıȵǷֳʤ󣬿ҲûȥԸҽǳˣʮ»ָƽ
ĴҲ˭Ը׽еĺڰʯսز⡣
ܿ죬ջĿ⣬ĴǰҪץʱ䣬ָһЩơ
۾Ӧ麣ĴڣĴ磬ռϵжϣȻ麣ϵȴʼմڣؾ󣬾ռϵָһ㣬˵麣ϵˡ
ò˶ã͸Ӧ麣ĴڣĴ磬ϵӵĽܣͨϵͨԴԴļȡ麣ָơ
ĵޣͬܺ麣ϵڻָһϣԶԶ緽
һ󣬷ѾָС롣
ͻȻ͵ǰһӰ֪ʱʮһ㣬Ϻڰ׹â֣˻þ

ʮһģȻǹĴʤõȫڰʯ
ڷʱ򣬺ҲǴӻþѳһ壬ɸ˷ʱ䡣
ӻþѳжʱ¶˺ɱ׼Է֡
Ȼʱһ֡

ţһɿֲȻסʮһ㣬ɲǼ䣬۽綼ǵصĿÿһϣմȾһ˿Դ˵һǿߡ
ðȥӰ渡һĿ硣
ȵƽϢѾǱ϶һЩ˺ۡ
շģҪ˺㡣ŭĴ
𣿡мǰ
ʱ򣬹ڿ˷ɲǣһ¶ŵɫ
ôܡû뵽ûȻҪҲ٣ǱһǰȴҪ̫ˡ
һ죬һʱ䣬ͻָôࡣ
ͻȻޱȺ֪ôѲðҲҪѷɱˣҲάȡ



1082 
Ҫ𣿡
еһĵرζ˵
ʱҪȹصĶ࣬Ȩȴڹ
ԴĻɫʱѿޱȡ
ʮʱ򣬹аɱΪ˶࣬ĵرʱҲܵ˺ʱ״̬֧Ų˶ãȫѡʵʱ
ʮһ㣬ֻͷˣҪȥĻûķ
ȻƺأǱʮʱ࣬ûаգڶʱ·ܺģһֱսȥĻӮˣ϶Լ
ȴôΪɵʮҪģͷƴ̫º󾢲㣬ûʮ㣬ǵҲ·һֻˡ
·κԥҪصĴۣͲˡ
Ҫ֪ûз˵Ļָ
˵ƻָٶȣùļƻգ˽ѵľء
һ󣬹ûѡֱ֣ߵһԡ
Ҳûȫָơ
ҾͲţܳ嵽ʮ㣬ʱĺڰʯҲһЦ
ʵֱʮ㣬ûô
󣬷ƾû˷ʱ䣬ʼʵʮ㡣
ʮʵҪʮһ׵Ķ࣬Ͼȫʢ״̬¡
ڷҲʼʵǣ˷棬ʲô⣬֪ȥ
ϢƬ̺󣬷ʵʮ㡣
á
ʵǵһʱ򣬷ɫ΢䣬оϷкѹڳܳܵļޣۿŷҪڰ׹âɣͻȻ䣬ϵĺڰʯʼá
һʱ䣬Ϸ·ǶʮڶԴԴѹ᷽ĸ
ʮڰʯһ𷢻ãЧǼ侪˵ģʱоһᣬƺʵǵĲʮ㣬ʮ㡣
ٶȻӿ죬ʮ㡣
ЩڰʯȻ÷Ƿ𾪣ٵĻûޣǵӵʮͷǳˡ
ʮڰʯһ·ϣʵʮ㡣
ھʮ㣬ʣ¶ʮ׵ʱ򣬴Ϸкѹڴﵽһٽֵ÷оǻصʵʮʱֲֿѹ·һ̾ͻὫ顣

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ʮ㣬ҵļˡʮ̨ϣѪ졣
ʶڰʯļޣʮ㡣
ڳŲסˡڷʮ㣬ľһҪ̫࣬ڰʯûжã嵽
Ĳ״ʱֻĴЦ
ĿĿ
ǷԶȲʵˣɡЦ
һΣûеȷ
ʵǣ̬𽥷仯˵տʼʱûжĵĻôڣȴʮ㡣
ڰʯԷãں濴д󶨡
ҵʵȫܳʮ㣬ʮ߲㶼ܳһ룬ǿ̫ˡж
ʮ߲㿪ʼҵʵﵽޣʱ򣬺ڰʯͻῪʼãҵѹСӵʵֻܵʮ㣬ʮ㶼ˣںڰʯİ£Ȼһࡣ
ϵĺڰʯʮ飬ȴʮ֮࣬𵽵ãԶܶ࣬ϵĺڰʯҳ㻹Ҫࡣ
ұܳ嵽ʮ߲һ룬ټϺڰʯ嵽ʮڻ¡
ԽԽ϶ҲԽԽš
׼ȷΪѾ˼ޣˣȴ㷽ţװ˷ʱ䡣
Ҫκβ˷˵Ļ¾ĳ岻ȥ
Ȩ֮󣬹˾ǰС

·ʮ㣬ҽǳȻʧȥϳĻᣬǻǹעŷ͹
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ǿû£ƫƫҪϳ壬ô֪
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²ˣķˣȻǼӷ޷ǰǿο
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ƽֻܳ嵽ʮ㣬Ͳϡ
Ѿʼʵʮ㣬һۣܿջĿ⣬ƽĵȴ󣬹Ѿʮ߲㣬ҿʼʵʮ˲㣬ڰʯγʮڶѹ
ƣʮ˲Ҳûκ⡣
㹻ԶˣԿɡһ¶ڴ֮ɫ
һֱڷ棬ǲð죬ȴûˡ
һһ»ʱʮĹâʮ㡣
Ȼֻ̨ϣѹƵķǳһ㡣侲Ŀų»ַΧһʯء
ֻܽˣ˲ʮ㣬Ƿһ˵£԰ȫ
ʲô
»ĳ֣ʱһɧûһϳϾֻ̨ѹƵܶԣʥûп»ʲô
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һöʱ֮ɳ󣬷ȡڰʯ
»£ǰδееãȻɬĵطǻȻʡ
һΣڰʯڷ˲ͬ
֮ǰڰʯϵ̵ͼģͬ÷ʼͷڣûã͸оԼһЩЩŵͼͻȻ䣬
ʱһһš
ѾʼʵʮŲ㣬ȴȻʮһ
ʮ
ǰĺڰʯӿһĹâ·ˮƣڰ׶ɫ֯һŵͼͻȻ˹ӿĹâγ˺ڰʯϵͼģȻ䣬ͼ˷塣
һ۾͵˿ͫڰ׷̫ͼתš
ͬʱǳڵͼҲѸγһ̫ͼΣͷе̫ͼ໥ӳ
ˡ۾ٶʱѾָȻڵ̫ͼȴûʧתš
࣬ûа׷ѡ̫ͼ͵һ̣׹
ʮİ򣬲һȻûгɹһֺصĻۣ÷ڶ̶ʮڣ͸˺ڰʯϵļء
ĿеĺڰʯϣǱ̵ͼȻʧ
ܸоƺȱһЩҡҡͷ˦ԺͻȻһ˿оĿ
Ǽǰ



1083 ͻͽ
ʮޱ»ͻȻʧӵվͨʮʯڡ
ֻ̨ǽĽṹԽԽխʮЩˣϸĻϡˡ
ûΪϳ壬ѾǵߣҾؾرգҲֻʣ°µʱ䣬мģʮ㿴һۡ
ĴһλôһˣżȻϷۣ׼ĵջĿʱͻȻʶʲôһĿ˹ȥʱ۾ʱɴ
ǿ
һʮ˶Ŀʮ㣬ǿվߵʮԵ
ʲô
ѵ˵׼ʮ㣿Ҫˣ
˶Ǿޱȡ
²Цг˲мʵ岻ʮ㣬ֶַΣԼ˵Ĵۣǿʮ㣬ҲǹӲдˣҸΪܰ쵽
ˡ²˶ԡ
˶ĬĬͷǿʱٽϣķѾ׷ˡ
Ŀ£ߵʮԵû˿ԥֱԾʯڡ
~
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ֲѹ£ڰʯõĻᶼûУͻᱻʯڣڰ׹âɡ
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Ȼовһŵ鶼ûУڿֲкϵһ̣ͻȻڵ̫ͼתţ·ǻһڶиոڷϵĿֲˮ棬Ϣʧųɵ̫ͼߣʣһɣ˷ϡ
ֲֿʮڰʯҪǿҷûκӳ١
ɣ̫ˡ
ڷϵСޱȣĵرҪãԼ壬ɿ
ָоڳµʮ㣬һʮʱ򣬷ǳ⡣
Χֲţͬ˵ĿֲϷԴԴϵкԴԴϣͷȻֻҪӽ󲿷̻ᱻߣֻһЩ΢¡
̫ǿˡ𺳡
Ȼ͸ڰʯϵܣϳֶΣ̫ͼʵ̫ǿ̫ǿ
һƽ¼飬ʼʮ㡣
ˣȻûȥ
ȵȣǿ쿴ôܣȻһ¶ûС
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Ǹⲻˣʲôϣ׷ʲôȻ˷˼ı仯
Ҫ֪֮ǰǿʵʮʱǶôļѣһȥʮɱʮҪ¶ˣȻı֣ȴѹʵʮ㡣
⣬ԶԶǵ֪
һǻعⷵգһǻعⷵա²ĵĵ˻ţı֣·һǶݺݳϣеۡ
ţҲԸš
Ȼʵǲпġ
Լٶȣʮ㣬Ƭ̵ͣٶûУңڵʮֱ˱Եһ̲ͣĿʼʵʮ߲㡣
ģġ
һۻˡ
ٶȣ˿ʵʮʱ˶𾪵ĿɿڴĿͣ·ڿһ漣㣬ŷɵʮ߲㣬ֿʼʵʮ˲㣬ǵߡ
ŷӰʧ䣬²ңһ仰˵

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ʮ˲㣬ûиκвЩ̨ϵĻþ̫ͬͼ˾ųɣʣµ΢̾ѳ
ţǹ
ͨʮŲʯϣ˹ʱʮŲ㻹ס
ʮǰͿҪʮ˲㣬ȥʮ죬ŵô룬ɼԽѶȾԽ
һЦԥߵ˱ԵԾʯڡ
ȫûע⵽ĵȫע˿ѹϣֲֹк·ĩա
ĺˮһεεĴʳȫⶼţܸоԼƣѾӽ˼ޣпܾΡ
ҴˣҴˡŷ֮ɫĵ׿š
ڰʯֻΪȡϵĺڰʯҲ
ԭΪԼϵĺڰʯ㹻ʮ㣬Ϸǣѡ˶ǰС
ԽԽߣԼشʵＫ޺󣬺ڰʯܷãҲڿʼʱԣԽЧԽ
ˣˡ
ҾԳ岻ʮģʮŲҵļޣʮŲ㣬ǧѡ
̶ףȴǵùϣ
ڹ˾֮ʱͻȻһӰͣ
Щģ۾ˣͫ͵𾪵˼㡣
ζû뵽һķȻǰⳬù˶ɵˣ񽬺Ƶģҵ˼㡣
ټ¶һЦݣ漴һֹĪٶȣȻ䳬ܿ죬͵ʮŲ㡣
ɡá
ǿҵ£ĴϷкĿֲ̽ʯڡ
¶־飬ţڰ׹âϢӿ˳Ѹٻ˻ҽĲˡ
Ź䣬ЦһҪԼˣɲκ
ʮ㡣
Ŀʮʣһ㣬¶֮ɫɹǰ
ؾУֻ˳ʮ㣬ǶǿߣҵʵԶǣǣҼǵ
ӿʵߵһҲȷʵֵ԰
ʮ㣬ˡ
ƽ飬ߵʮŲԵʼʵһ
ûκε̫ͼ˾ųɵʮŲѹԷ˵΢񣬺ܿͳ嵽ʮ㡣
ÿʮ㣬ᾭһλþ飬Σÿʮ㣬þĿ½ֲĵزʵʯʱܵĿֲѹҪΪ¡
ûо춯صƣȻ³̶ȴߣһʧܣͻֻ֮У
ʮ󣬷ʮϵ̾ޱ߻þ֮С
ʮʮ㣬ʮģΪܹҲ˳ĳ֣ʱƽĿ˹



1084 ֻ
ʮϣһһң̾ˡ
ɳλ࣬ҲŮһɴĴĵ
ʱܣû־춯أӦĿֲƣܵߵǻò١
μ˭Ҳûж֡
ǵĵжӦɱһŶԣҵʵɳ֮ϣƽͣǱˣؾĴ硣
Ĵ磬ԴԴϵ֧֣ɳԲǶ֣ؾʵʱ٣ʹ˵ʵ൱Ҳǻలµԭ
ˡ
ʮһ̣˶ˣޱȵľȡ
ǿǷǳҪʮǺεȵļѣ˵⣬ûϣû뵽ؾرգҲ׼ȥʱ˳ˡ
˭
Ĵˣߡ
˶ͬɻ˷ȿ󣬵ʱüͷΪĴˣɳҲüͷ壬пܳˣ²еһȻǳã
û뵽ȻǷ
˭ɳֻһӡ󣬾ʱ򣬲ɨһۣӽȺһ㶼۵ͬҽǳǵһģյ˵ǿȥһˣȻʮ㣬ɳ͡
ȻҲûκζֵ˼
ܳʮģĻߣǲôģԷһ֪ĻǿС
ڰ׹âڷϣþȻάһʧ
ӻþѳ
һĻɳǺݺ£Щ
ʹǣѻþԶûзô죬ôס
ɣǳɡиϲ֮ɫ
ʮĻþ̫ͬͼ˾ųɣһɻþڷȫ֧飬ٵĲټ٣׾پˡ
ڰ׷ڷǰ֣һӰ滺
ÿʮ㣬еĻԵ
һɫ飬ڷǰ·ǿգ˵峺
ûӴ͸оĶϴӸɾ·һȪԼڻţ˵ΧһжĿ
֮켶ľ֮ޱȡ
ͬڳ»ľǴҪģĸоҲɫ鲻һ
ɫӵĴƺܽﶼǴľ
ף»ľǵؼܽӽ켶ɫ飬ʣ켶֮
켶֮ʲô
ֻҪиϣֻҪĵرǱ㹻ֻҪյԴ㣬ӵһ켶ĵرߵĵر
ջ񣬼ֱ̫ˡ
Ȼ֮ǰҲв²⣬ʮܻ켶֮ҲǶЩ룬Ͼҽǳ嵽ʮĻõҲһؼˣͷûȡ
Ӧö˷ԵʡǿԼʵͺڰʯӲģֻؼ֮̫ͼֻ̨˵ĿģĽŻһ㡣

ҵֱһץסɫ飬켶̫֮ˣǶǾûеģȥĻ鷳
ץסɫ˲䣬һ궼ãָо˳Լ͵־顣
ɳûʲôȵı飬ֻ̨ϣɫľ֮ѹƣϱҲûµȻõһ켶֮
λѡ
¶Цݣɳ˹ȥҶߣȻϵһܺλĪǿϽĻ֣˵ɱ˵
ʱɳĿ䡣
ֻ֣Ϊûʵˡ
Ĵ磬Ҫɱһ£ؾ׶ˡ
ҲԽ䱸
û뵽ǣȴûɳĻš
ɳ֮ɫһ
ʮ㣬յ㡣̧ͷеֻ̨ĳȣǰδеļ
յ㡣
˾ųɵͻþģܳ嵽߲㣬ֹڴˡ
ַͨʽ嵽ʮ㣬õ켶֮嵽ʮ㣬õʲô嵽ʮ㣬ʮ㣬һٲأ
ҰѪӿôջûһס
ϳ壬ϳ塣Ժֻʣһͷʲôɳʲô뷽ԺǵĻǹ̡
ʲôŭ֮ɳ㵵ĿʮԵ
ݲڰɴҲܲ³ʱǾޱȡ
Ҫʮ㡣
һ˼ͷԺ𾪵˵
⣬ȫ޷
Ҫ֪һ뿪ʮ㣬ǳʮ㣬·һ˭ܳ嵽ʮ㣿
ֻĽҲУ
Ľһ֮Ĵڴ˵
ܣܡѹš
޷ŵĿУߵʮԵȻһԾʯڡ
ġȻġ
ɳ͵׻ǳɵˡ
ʮһ㣬ҲˡоϷкҲʮĳ̶ȣд󶨣̼ӿٶȣʵǡ
棬ٶȿľˣɳ͵һ类߸ĸо𾪵˵
ʮ㣬ʮ㣬ʮĲ㡭
һ·ϣÿһþʱͣһ󣬾ûκֹЪŸ߲㷢
ܿ죬ʹӵɳ۽ʧ֮С
⣬⡭
ɳ˿ĭɬޱȡ
Ӧǲ͸˺ڰʯϵͼͻȻ
˶ǿߣʼ𾪺ҲӦ˹Ͼڰʯ˶Ҳ⣬ֻʱоȴûжٳɹˣҲǺ൱޷ٽһ
֮ʰɳ̾Ϣ
ʮŲ㡣˷ܣˣϾҪʮˡ
ڷʵһʯʱֲ˵ĵط̫ͼϢģһЩ仯
ʮ㡣
һԾ𣬵δ˵̨ס
һ̡
ͻȻڵ̫ͼϢ߽⡢ʧǴûгֹ
һ̣ޱ߻þ֣ʮĻþ֮С
áɫ䣬Ѿˡ
ʮĻþǺεȿ£Ҫ˲ǿԶԶ˷ĳܼޣûκֱӱޱ߻þɣֻء
ڰ׹âըʮʧ
Ƭ̺
ֻ̨ǰֹĹâۣγһӰĬĬĿŷʧĵط
ô꣬ڵȵһǿϸˣֻأһ
ǡ
ֻأʸ񣬵õ˵洫



1085 
ιѡ
һЩڶ߲ͣ𣬱Ҳͱͱ÷𽥻ָѡ
ǣңôˣ
Ժ۾Լһݽ棬ΧֵŶĤӦüͷ
¿ʱ䣬˶ڽ̸߶ʹýʮֳ֡
û°ɣ㶼˯ڿˣղô㶼вѣҲ㶼Ҫ绰оȻˡѷѹģĺѣҲѣɡ
˵ѧȽɣһ˯ڿΣôвѣЩǡ
û£˯̫̫󡣡ЩҡҡͷоЩѣҺ˸Σһǿߣɱķһĵĵطһʲǫ̂ĵطոεؼʱ򣬱ˡ
㲻ҪôС˵÷ֲʵáˬʵǷһѡ
ͷ۵סԴЦȴû˵
ԺͻȻһͷ
ǣ

ŽڵĿΣȴ֣Լһ㶼ȥ
˵л೤е˼һ˯ڿΣٿ˼ʮ۰ǽһעѹЦ
ţ
΢ʶ̧ͷýӴһ˫ҵĿ⣬ǸŮʱ֪ջߣСһӱ̺
˵ûϵɺٺЦ
֪ΪʲôŮиһů⣬ůģ˷ǳ

ٺѧУ⡣
ү
һŽ˿۾ߴӺ˳񣬰﷽˳š
˵ͷ˺
ܿ˳֮УеĴʻš
լ
߽ԼҵլԺ󣬷ˬʵĴЦլд˳
үˡܼҵ
ͷ
լ棬˵ǷͷֵܣʱʱķһЦ
ҰֺͶĹϵãӦ˵ÿһֵܵĹϵܺá΢Ц
ǣҵŽǳģֵ֣ϽûһܺͷȡܼЦ
~
һϲĴں𣬷֮˹ȵһѱס˷ֳֵһţԱߵĹܼҿ¶˿οЦݡ
ҹ
һžһ𣬳Ƿգĸ³˼ζȣԵķ֮кá
С֮УǶһ㡣ĸᡣ
Ϊһ֮ϵ󣬲ӣҲǷǳ⡣
֣裬ܵܡڵļˣ֪ΪΣһĳ嶯ϽͷǷ˹ȥ

ۻᡣ
ƻԻ͡
һ·ŮٳŮӵƹ˳˵Ŀ⣬ߵ˷ǰͻȻչһЦ¶˶Цݡ
ҽܸʶ㡣
ҵǧɵ鰡
ŮˣϣҲκȱ㡣

Ƿĳμ档
ǣǰһĻܸоЩ죬˵Ĺ죬ƺŮӦġ
ʱţŮ˷
ǣǸڽĿЩܲܰңﱧһѧлѩСʵ
ŮرƯһĸо
һҪ׷㡣һξۻϣͻȻ˺䶯
һδϲּİϲ磬Ľʼɵ۹УŮסһ
ǣõõԸӡ
ӵܣƷѧţкůļͥͼ壬СұͺŮ׷
ûκźûκβԲ
磬κһ˶ݽȥ
ǣΪʲôǸо
ôģʵء

ֻ̨ʮ㡣
ӰƽվĿ·ֻܿķ
ֻأǿµġ
Ϊһȱ磬ܸоһ㲻ʵǾͺһΣʹ֪ΣõģжԸѹģţһһٳٲԸ
ǣֻصĿʼֻֻֻгʱͣᱻֻ粻ϵͬճ׵ݽȥ
Ӱƽ
֪ѣʹֻ֪µˣδ˵Դһ֪ˡ
ǰʮŲģһЩþԶԶֻܺȣе˵ǿģģģǸ֪ģһжʵ졣
Ҫõ˵洫ֻأҳֻء
򵥵һֻ磬ⶼǻɡ
ڵķѾǳΣˣӽıԵ

ֻ硣
ããһȥɽϸЦݣ˵Ż
ҵ绰󣬷˴ϣ˷ڴͷƬһȫҸƬ
֮Լޣͥ԰Ĳݵأ˶Цĺܿġ
ĦƬãͻȻ̾˿
簡˳ȥԸѹ૵
ǣǲġ
ŷƬ£»ָ侲侲ƽķеģǾսĥѣγɵġ
Ǽٵġ
ǰͲһ㣬Ϊ̫ʹ˲ʵ
ʱڳ»ͺһӳһС
ոʱȷʵû쳣ʱţֲгĸоϸϷͷͺŵһҳϵɨȥ𽥻ԭࡣ
һЩع飬÷ӿ͸ֻ硣
ǣһֱûдƣԸ
лѩνΪϲģлѩֻеŮ÷ģĸĸ
ڷõ޴УıǰĸĸΪһǷźȻֻ磬ٵģĸͼеһģһ÷ϧһĻᡣ
ֻ磬ֲһЩź
ӣŵȻҪš
һ£Ѿ㹻ˡ
ƽ
ú˵ټˡ
ŷ־ᶨһ˿նϣһӿ˳ʱķڷŹ⡣
â֮ΧһУʼ˱仯翪ʼɫ·ǽݹȵĺڰƬԷΪģɽԶӵ硣
ֻ磬ơ
ͬʱĿ±ãʱʧȥʶ
ţ
Ӱž޲ϣͻȻ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ѾǱķȻƳֻ磬
̫Եòʵ©Ҳֻ׵ԭƳıְɡ
µĵ棬ɵһֻĵذ壬ת˱ĴأԶде֡
ǣһֻ硣



1086 ʮֻ
һĺ紵˸εʱͻȻѹ
˭
ɢƵģǻججģǱһĵɢޱȣǧͷһӿ÷Դվԭأ֮󣬲˼
ˣǹɽһС䣬񻪲ˣǳԵģոպһͷʯƴȻɱҲݺһԴϣ˹ȥ
𽥸գϴŵĺƤͻȻ뵽ʲôæԶȥ
ʮ⣬һ޴Ķʬ徲׸ߣʮ׳һʯͷһʣȥǳӲʱȴͳѺۣʺѪҺʬʳȾѪɫ
ѪҺɫ֪⶯Ѿȥһʱ䡣
ƴҲûκεҡЦֻȥĶ֮ǰԼƴɱʯˡ
;кüôȻײأʯƴѷһĳ˼ʮԶײ;еĴ
ԭϢһоûôˣվһץסʯβͣôشʮֵʬ뿪
񻪲䡣
ˡ
ôʯȻɱˡ
ǿǿ񻪲һʿ
һ̾Ľ÷¶Цݡ
ô񻪲䰲ÿԣΣյɽǿﲫգǿ׳Լǡ
ʱһĹȥ
ȫһݣûиоκβס
ÿһֻ磬ʵޱȣҲκһ䣬ʶĲʵоԾĵطԼļŻһĻع顢ա
һʼ޷ʶֻĲԾֻֻȥͻᱻͬճ
º󣬷ڸоһ㲻Ծͬʱļعһ㡣
ֻһ˷϶Ҫ֮ƿ׶ˡ
ֹʮ죬Ŀվ񻪲룬ûȥΧ߶ˣâ˳֮ʱʼ顣
ȵֻʧ󣬷ֽһֻ硣
ֻ磬Σڷĸоȥһ࣬ȥ£ʵϣȴȥһ
ֻ磬˰ʱ䣬ѳ
ĸֻ硭
ֻ硭
ֻţ˵һֻ磬ʵ⣬ֻ綼ûôȴӵʵ˷ֱ治úʵ
һֻ磬ǷԸѵʱȻֻ磬ȻޱȵʵȴûǿҵĴкһֲԾع飬ܿͻὫ֮Ƴ
һһֻ磬Ųͬп֣е͹ȴۣҲе۷ʱ̡
ڵһֻص˵򣬵ڶֻһԭʼˣֻ磬һѧʶԨѧߣ£ĸֻ硭
ͬݣͬ
·Σҵһδֻءڰ˸ֻ磬¶Щã֮ɫ
ϵûֻأǲǾͳʧˣҲö֪
Ȼ˴εôʵ÷еã
Ҿңһ޶ҡ־¼ᶨоԼƺڷĳֱ仯
أֻƳ
ھŸֻ硣
һºƳ
ʮ
ҵսϣĺƻ衣
ʬ壬۶ϵıɢ
ˣǴܣ
һȺȾѪĽʿ϶ƣ֮ɫǽΧ룬ֻԶȥ溰ɱ죬㺳ŴأоӺ׷
ɱ˷ɱź糱ˮӿ
˧ߡһĽʿͻȻ˶飬ź޷˵ĳȥƴɱʮ˺Ѹٱն⽴
˧
ɱǡ
һʿ¶Ϻ󣬸ȡ
˧
˧
һʻʧߵľͷ
ڣֻʣ˷һˣоΧס϶Ƿ˷ܡ
۾ڷŹ⣬âУʲôڻγɡ
Ȼ֪һжǼٵģʵģǣЩĻǲˬ
ȥɡ
ĿĮ֮ϣ־޴̫ͻȻӿޱ޼ʵĻâеоȫ˽ȥڿֲĸзٳ˷ɻҡ
̾ϢһתߣĽŲΧѸɫ
ʮֻˡ
һսᣬڿԶһЩԼˡ
ֻ֪أҪ
ΧĳѸٱ仯ţҵսʧɽˮ֮䣬һµֻ硣
ţһΣҵļûʧ
ĽŲȻס



1087 
ֻ̨ʮ㡣
ӰվĿĪ⣬Լƺֻܿеķ
ʮֻء
ʮֻأ۳˲⡣
ͻȻһž޲Ҳ֮ɫ
Ԥϡ
ڵһֻͣһ֮ãǱֻͬӽıԵһ㶼÷Ϊǰֱֻ棬޷ѳ
ǣӵڶֻ翪ʼͲһˡ
ƳֻٶԽԽ죬ȻżбȽϾõģԣڷٽš
ʮֻأһζûŸֻı̶ͬҲǳĵ͡
е𾪵ģǲۡ
Žʮֻ磬ΪҪֻأһЩ۳Ŀܻ䡭
ţֻ硭ŵʮһֻ磬ӰͻȻʧ
ͬʱԭֻ磬ͻȻģ·һ

ûʧ
ޱȡ
оԼļû˿©ӳڣʮֻصļ䣬ͬĿ
ɺܲǰʮֻأʱûһ˿ģֻڲֻ쳣󣬼Ż𽥻ع飬Ƴֻ磬ûһʼûκμʧ
ңҲûбκݣ
ʶֻڲͬ
Ҫ뿪ֻأؼ¶ڴ֮ɫֻ֮УҪ˵вǲܵģܸоʱţǾȥ˶ȴö֪
ʱؾرˣԼȴȥô죿ֻԼֻ̨˵棬Ϊʱ䵽ˣԼһܳȥ

߶ܿ췢ֻ֣СֻλһԼΧɽˮ
Χɽˮ䣬ûзκĿͶĺ
˺ԱߣԥţҪҪˮʱͻȻ۾͵صɴ󣬷·ǼƵĿźߡ
һľź׵ĳ֣һͷںϣһͨ˺
ǣֻж̶̵ףһ˵ľͷƺ֮Уûж֧ľȴ쳣ȹ̡
⡭Կ϶ԭûʲôľţƾճֵġ
ҵĳ֣ҵ̽չ¶¶˼֮ɫ߳ɽˮʱ򣬲ŷĴڡ
ߡ
ҧҧ޷˵̤ľţǰȥ
ײŶپ룬ߵͷȻľŵʱƾճֵľͻȻźȥ
ףʮס
һľţ¶
ָоľƾɣԡҡҡͷĸоġ
ľűʹ֮ǰ֮У۲첻ģֻҵ߽𽥵֡
ľţԼġ
ΧûκǸĸоڴߣҪߵǰŻָᷢĴڡ
֨֨
ľεţһȦȦĲƣԶɢȥƽҲİ
ôţԼʮӺľڵ˾ͷ룬ҲһĵľдУȴû˿гĸо
Ųߣĵ²ŵɳɳɳ졣

ǰһξ룬Χľ󣬷ǰһһľĹŸ
ڳһǹؼĶûԥӿŲߵ˹ŸǰȻܿ췢֣ŸΧε޷
ȻûʧȥԼûдڹŸΧһȦ󣬷ȷϣûκ©
ȥüͷ
ֻ磬ΪֹҲųһܿԼֻĹؼȴ޷룬ܡ
Ȱɡ
ƽţб仯Ļ϶
ϥ˹ŸǰĲݵϣĬĬȴš
ģȻпУͿʼ淨
֮ط󣬶һ߼ʵ֪ʶ˳ȥ
»Ҳʤˡ
֮
ţĲЧȻںڰʯİһȵ۾
ȻԶȲϳ»ǺͺڰʯЧȴ޼Ҫȹ⿿ԼЧöˡ
ҲǸջɡЦЦ
ʱţǳ淨Ĳ֮С
ͻȻ
ѹ
΢ĽŲڲݵϣѡ
͵˹ȥһΧľ˽òƽϴͨͨĴ·ȥ洦ɼͨƵģȻһ˫۾ȴǳ·̺һУڲͬ
ʣ񣬺˲øС
ڵվ˿꣬Էòƾǿ˵дѵֶԼഺ
ƺûпƵģĿбӣֱӴԴ˹ȥ߽Ÿ
ʱ򣬷ŷ֣֪ʲôʱ𣬹ŸΧʧˣæ˽ȥŸĿռ䲢Ǻܴܣķı
ȥһͨ˵鷿
ߵǰҪһ鿴ȴԼƺͣٵ˹ȥǰܾͬһӰܣķıȵȣ꣬Է˵õģ޷
ʱѾߵǰһʶ
ȱ֮
տʼļ÷͵һȻܿ췢֣ԼʶʲôһƮУûκκۼʧ
ԺһƬհף÷ǣ꿪ʼʶʱܶˣһܡ
ֻб
𾪡
֪ԼܶΪֻԵʣԵʣǰǿͨ꣬Ī
ⲻܶ״̬ʮ졣
տʼʱ򣬷о̣Ȼڷֳ˲ܶ⣬ûбĲ鷢ҲȻˣȻǾģԼоԼ淨ǡ
ڼ䣬һֱûжϹ
ʮʶȴһƣûУһ
١
һΣֻʼһ֡
һεľ飬Ҳپˣ壬ֱӣо淨÷е˷ܵǣڹŸڣԼĲЧһ㡣
ﲻΪпΪľΪΪ
һʶͻȻ˷˼
ÿһΣ껻һʶʱܷʲôᱻѣö
һΣǰκһζһУǰļ־Ȼȫֻڶ381ֵʱ򣬷ٴһ㶼ˡ
ƺǹڽһ顣˼ʶĲ֮
Ƭ̺
ôܣֲٶȡ
𾪵Ըӣڲ֮ʱоǰһЩɬѶĵطͻȻļ񣬲ٶȣԶ˳»
ͺⲿֵݣͶһڽǻ
ǹڽļ֡׹˼Ŀ꣬Ժ︡



1088 ˭ܲ

ǵģǴ
ͨʶķʽһֱֽӴ˷ǷԼƵģûκμɬ
ֶΣֱδš
Ȿ飬Ȿ顭
Ķео
֣ҲⱾ飬ȻԿ϶Ȿ֮Ĵйϵ
Ҫ֪֮淨һĽ֮κãǷǼ֣ȴ÷֮ͻͽȻŻǳңԶǰûжȴҪ̫ˣʡ˷Ŀ๦
⣬ʶֵĳɹ
ﲻΪ֮Ϊ𡣡һֻϧ̫֮ͣұר޽ģ˽ֻ֣࣬һȫ֮꣬һ淨š
󡣡
û뵽Ļʱȫ׹ʶ
ֻǰʶЩǷδ漰ϵ˶Է˵飬֣Ȼκջ
Ǳ飬֮Ĵйأ飬ȫһΣֻ߲ĲΣǰꡭ
뵽Ŀ⣬ľη
Է޷Ĵڡ
ʮֻһ飬ÿһ飬ʶʮͣʱһ̫̣ͷʶ飬̫ͽֻʶеһ֡
飬ֻмһ֣һЩ֣Ҳǧ
ʱţת۾͹ȥʮꡣ
ʮҲһֱڶ飬żҲеߵһԣ٣дд֣󲿷ʱ䣬ڶ顣
ֻʱ򣬷ŲܶʱûģȻҲ޷뿪Ÿ
Ĵ󲿷ʱ䣬ڲ淨ϣһƣѾǳգлɢĿܣңҲʼԵڶƣ۳ŸƣγɲͬڵһƵͼ

һվһĻʱ֪Ҫʼˡ
Ȼߵǰָ鼹ϻƺѰ˼ѡı飬ܿ죬ϳһߵǰʼʶ
֮ԡ
͵һ𣬸տʼĸ֣һඥĸо֮棿
ޣǹڵ޵顣пϲʮ꣬ڵȵһϵ
֣֪֮棿ѵǴһϵˣ
û᷽𾪣ԹԵʶţһһִޱȣ˷Ժĵ
ܿ죬һǧֹȥˣûκģĸо
˿ɣ©κһ֣ȻˣȥЩִҲԶԺΪĶ
ȥҲⱾݣߣӦǵ֮һӣʱ̻ˣⱾûнκε޵֮ȴ˵֮һЩۣĵãԼճ¡
ƽڷУȴ˾޴ãܸоԼԵһϵڼţ˵ǰԵ˽ģһЩ棬֪ȻĻô֮ͨĵãȴǿʼ֪Ȼʼ޵ıʡ
Է֮󣬲Զ
ֺʶٴα÷еݳ˷ķ롣
ʮе˱ʶ
һΣˡ
ջ̫ˡϲĪ
ӣֹһ꣬ڽϵȫʶһվƿʮһδƿĸţ˳ȥ
ף
֣Լɼĸ˳ȥһԹߣܸ棬ҲԶ롣
뿪˹ŸͽУΧ翪ʼ仯
ʲôꡣ
ָоʮһʶΪ˸ԼƺѰʲôʲôڸ˳Ϊֹˡ
ദģҲǾʮһˣǰʲôйʲô춯صľö֪Ȼ޷֪ʲô
ÿһ֪жôңԶ䡣
ΪҲûκιɿѭȫĶ
ʱ·ͣժһ仨ϸĿϰ죬ʱһԱߣ˾֮ãʱῴһĵһ
ߣûһܷͨˣܻصǿߡ
һΣ󣬴ǿߵսԶȷǿǿߣͶŲ˼ܣȻȴûƵģǲڣǿҲӰ첻ֺ
꣬߹һһĴ½һĺһһ磬գ޾ա
ʱţ֪˶꣬ʲôˣֻܸ
վ޾գޱ޼ʵĻƹȴ˺Ŀǰһ磬ڶʢʱڣǿӿ֣ڴսɸʷʫ
ôĿţ꣬ǧһ粽۷壬˥ջ𣬱޷ܣ󳹵ʧ
񴥶һԹߣʱٷǳĿ죬оôֻϡжϳһμΪõ¡
޾дУһһ硣
֪˶ô£ͻȻһ·بųֵĹʯų˷ǰ
ʯţĴ磿͵һ𣬴µĻجоѹ
һЩ֡ͻȻˡ
ʶ⣬һοڡ
Ȼ
ΧĳͻȻ伱ٱ֣Լ겻֪ʱֻصŸ
ʯϣĿºͣŷ
ܿңһ
ҵ磬ڿңǵµһ˿º͵
ֻѾߵͷˣʲô⣬Գȥѯҵʹӣͨ˿飬ֻأҵĴҲ𲽵õ
ʱע⵽ΧһжѸٱ
Ϊʲôôꣿץʱ䣬һ⣬ҲɻΪЩĺܶΪ޷⡣
Ѱһ𰸡
ս˥ˣˣͨ˻ǿҲǴ磬Ҳһջʱ䳤̡
Ƕ磬ǵ㣬ҲⲻˣǲɸĵĹɣҲвġ
ŸƬһжڼʧ
˷У
һֱѰŴ𰸣Ǿǣ磬˭ܲࣿ



1089 ֻ
ֻ̨ʮ㡣
ڰ׷󻺻֣һ̤ĿĴɨ£ȷԼûʧȥ䣬Ļصֻ̨ϡ
𣿡૵
һ仰˼𶯡
磬˭ܲࣿ
ⷽû˼֮Իˣʱ̫̣Žʮԭ򣬵Ȼڷ֪УвӳĶڣҲһֱΪֻҪʵ㹻ǿ󣬾Զȥ
ĻȴǴ˷֪
ǰһ춼ο࣬ǿˣҲһ졣
ĿùڵǿǴ˵
˭Ĳ಻
޵һ磬Ҳвླ¶˼֮ɫܿҡҡͷЩ׷ڵ˵̫ңԶˡ
ȵǸȥ̽Ҳ١
һΣջ޴󰡡ֻеջ񣬼ʹǷԼҲһһ壬ⷬ޵ıʡ
ڷʮգʱͻƵľ
֮ԻƿΪ⣬֪Ȼ֪ȻҪͻƿҪôǽǿдƣĴĿľһְ취ⱾʣνƿȻȻͻʧ
ͺñַֻ̨ʽ˿ӲҲֻܳ嵽ʮ㣬ȴǲ͸ڰʯʵ䲻ǿȴҲܳ嵽˵ʮ㡣
ǲࡣ

ͻȻһ
Ŀ磬˹ȥ
㡣¶ɫ˳ֻ̨ǸӰ
ڷĿ£Ӱһ仯γһߵģĿ
߶Է
ʲôüͷ΢塣
ߵֻ̨飬ѭ˵ڣͨ˿飬ֻأֳԽֻأ̳˵洫Ȼһλ
Ļ÷Ļȥѯʹӣֻ̨ˡ
ܿע⵽ԷĻһλ
ǡ߹һǧǰ˴ֻ̨𽥵飬ҲңȻ뿪ˣһֱѭÿһʱգҶһط֣ѡ˽ֻ̨ΪѰҴˣؾôһط
ؾӦþؾˡ
ƾʱֻ̨Ȼ˶ʧܣֻмˣŴʮܿ飬ͨˣʮһ
˼ǣʮǼߣʮ㶼˵ˣûʸܿ飿˼
ʮ㶼ˣûгΪ˴˵ʸ񡣡
ǿǿʵӲأʵ
ûʸ񡣡ߺԥʮֻеһһǣڰʯγ̫ͼ
ڰʯϼŵģ˴淨һ㣬ֻǲȱȫģ⿿ڰʯɹֻγ̫ͼϳʸ񣬶ҲһյȵʮȻͻʧ׹ֻأܿ顣
ѹ֡Ȼ
ֻֻصʱ򣬻ָļ϶Ҳе˼飬ʱԼʵ̫嶯ˣһԸ񲻷
ѹûôȨ⣬ͳʮ㣬Ҫ֪ʮʮһɳʮ㣬Ҳͬ嵽ʮ㣬һ̤ɾ֮𰡣Ȼʱ򣬷ûôǣͿʼ˳ô붼Ծ
ڲ֪ԭ̫ܵͼյŻʧȥ侲
ڼȻ˵ĴˣӦʸõ淨˰ɡߡ
ԣߵ˵ͷڰ׹â֣жһڰʯ
ǵĿڰʯصǺĵһ֣ߺһ𣬲淨ĵһ㡣ߵ
Ȼ
ԭǲһ֣ҲǺģϾǰڰʯõ̫ףһ淨Ļô׵ȥ
ᴫοǿ
Ĳֻ֣гʮ㣬Ϊֻ̨˵Ĵ˺󣬲ܵõ
ɲͬǵ淨淨ǲֺĺͷǺĵģȻҲȱȱһְˣӲҪĻҲһĳɹȻ淨϶֮
Ƿܿ϶ֻ̨淨ȱ˺Ĳ֣ǲɹģҲγ̫ͼ⣬³ֻ̨е⣬ڱʱȫá
֮Ľӹ˵Ŀڰʯʤпõĵһ淨
Ȼŵĵһ㡣
淨ǣĿڰʯ󣬷ʵ
ֻء
˵ͷ淨Ժ
ʲôɻĻ뾡ѯʣֻҪ֪Ķش𡣡ߵ
Ȼûκԥеɻʵ̫ˡ



1090 ʯ
̫ɻ
ӽؾĲ⣬ȵâ֮س֣󿴵ֻ̨ȵȣ÷ǧͷ
һֻľȹ£󿴵ᴩյĹʯš
һжֻ̨ܴϵõ𰸡
ˣʲôʱ򣿡ѯ֮ǰͻȻ뵽һ⣬ɫʱ䡣
ߵ죬ؾͻرա
죿ô˵ֻȹʱ䣬ʮ죿¶֮ɫڷĸ֪ǰʮֻ磬ͳ꣬˵һֻ磬ʶʮһ꣬Żһ߱硣
Ƕ£޷Ȼڷӡĳ࣬ʱ״̬Ρ
ôʱ䣬ʵʮ춼
ֻֻغ󣬲ܹ磬ʱٲͬһ㣬źȻ˵
˵ͷеؾżֻ޷ȥ
ʮֻصľֻģʶ꣬ǽȥģȻҲпֹܲˡ
ʵϣڴ淨ʱʼն⣬ؾĹżԼʱ䷨󣬲űУֻء߽͵
뵽ֻʱ̣ǿʯţûмȥǲ˵걾϶ġ
ӦʦȻܹʯڣʥĻѪİ괫ڷ淨ֻд֮ܽĴУΪʦ𣬲ߵĻ˷һ
ΪؾЩܼӿʱٵ취żµģڲ֪ôһ£괴ֻ淨ܵЩ취
ЩʥܱȵġЦһֻ֮ƿֻأȻµ͵ԣȲǿļˣҲΪ۷ĴڣԽʥ
ʯţʥ޷ǿΪ֮Ѫ䣬Ҫ˵ˣûôס
ֻ֮ԽʥĴڡ
𾪵˵ھʥûм˵ǳԽʥˡ
꣬˷޾еʯź󣬶оַ֮꣬˸һؾ֮һЩϵֵƶһĴһоŹʯźؾڵżһ߹۲ܱ䣬淨ǸҲӦ֪Ĵ硣¶׷֮ɫ
ҵʱҪٵĶ࣬¶ʱ򣬾͸ߣʱ˻˵һЩ£ҲŻ֪Щ
ȻȻ૵λֻ֮˼㡣
û뵽Ĵôģؾ͹ʯţд磬Ĵ֣Ǵؾ
ЩʥҲԹһƹΪǰأȻǣֱӱʯķ顣
Ȼǰֻ֮ͬ£ɹˣѶԶǰߣϾʱĴ绹ǳ״̬ԶԶڣһĴ綼Զ
˫Ĳ֮󣬲Զ
ʯţʲôʲôܣؾż˭µģ̲סʵ
ʳ仰󣬼ʹǷڴ
ؼռˣʥԶĴǲϧһжҪ֪ģЩ
Է⣬ԥ˻ᣬû̻ش
ֻʱʦ˵ʲôĻ㡣ԥæһųص롣
һֱѭֻ֮߶ԣûбֻ֮ĻЧġ
˿ʵ֪Ҳ̫࣬Ǵģ󲿷ֶ˵
⣬ֻ̨߽飬ֻ֮ûбҪʲô鶼
֪ؾڵЩżǳһӹϵĳڵֱʣʯţܶǸйأǸƿʱ䣬Ʋ⣬ӽ࣬ﵽ˲ࡣ
ʯŵĻ֪ľͲˣֻĳһΣ˵һ仰Ҽ
߻š
˵һʯű򿪣ʱᵹع鵽Դ
Ϣ
͸еľ̫˼ˡ
ʱ䵹عԴ
ʲô޷
ʱĵһлعԴڵ˻Σʧ
һʧһʧҲڣֳĩݶΪɡ
ãЩܣ˵򿪹ʯˡң޷عԴĳ
Щ˲ùˡߵûܴ򿪹ʯţ˶첻£ûܰ쵽ȵĳʱ̣ʯŻԼʱ䵹ʼɡ
΢΢ͷѹֻĴ綯˼ģֻһЩʥ
Ȼʥվ۷ˣǿߣǿߣֻ֮оʯţҲ֪޷ŻûһˣһЩԶʥҲһ㡣
ЩʥЩҲֻСС֡
ȵȣʲôɫ΢䣬Ѹ侲ղȻЩʥһ뷨
ȻǽӴֻ֮Եʣֻֻ֮֮Ƿ
Դʱķ˵ʥңɼĴڣܽɱ뷨Ҫá
Ѹٵ̬ԼλúĿ
ҪģͻƵľȻһĳΪʥʱЩⲻ١
㴳ʮ㣬ԴѡһͻȻڵ
һɻĿڰʯ𣿡
ֻ̨ÿʮ㣬õһΪĿڰʯˣǿ淨ĺĲ֡
ߵĶܵõһ
̲ס˷
Ϊ˵ĵӣõ淨ĵһӦģڡ߻ش
˵ӣԼѡǱˣһͳһ
ǳΪֻ֮ӵĺôˡ
Ҫʲôһ̾ʵʯ𣿡
ڴĿߡ
ʯشطıƷܵõһʯܽӡ棬ɢ
ʱ򣬷ʵû˵Ҵʯƹ̫ٻһ㣬˵̫ٻ𣬶Էʵ˵ͼӰ
طһ淨ĵһ㣬Ҳаɹ



1091 ʱ䳤
С
ӭŷڴɫԥĻش
۾ʱ
Ǹֻ֮飬˵ֻ֮ģʯĶС
ǣҪ嵽ʮ㣬ѡʯʸ񡣡һˮ
ûʧĵ˵ͷ
ȻΪֻ֮ĵӣѡȨʲôʲôǷһģܲܽ嵽һٲеĶǰߣ
ôõ飬ûǣֻҪͨʮ㿼飬ܳΪ߿е
ʮ㡣Ϸ
ҪھʹҪϰʮ㣬ֻܽصŵһɹߵ
Ȼûȥ˼
ʮ㣬ѾӲķʽȥˣֻص򡣡룬ּһ䣺Ȼʥۡ
ҡͷ
ȻԶûʥʵ
֮ǰƲģҪ嵽ʮҪʵһٲҪʮ죬ʮ㿪ʼͲˣǶ淨Ŀ顣
ʥӲһٲĻܳΪؾ֮뵽ʼߵĻ
ģһʥӦҲںΪؾ֮ߵ
仰ʱ
ؾֻǸСؾˣۼֵһ߼Ľĸߡ
һʥĻںһǶĽǻࡣ
ˣҾͻ뿪ؾԺֻ̨ô죿뵽һ⣬һֱؾڡ
ɫ䣬ָ㣬ʱһڰ׽֯Ĺâ˳ڿ۳ֻ̨ģţͶ뷽ڣʧ
ֻ̨ӡǣֻ̨ԳκһطҪʱ򣬿Ժҡ
ĬĬ쿴Ȼڶһֵ΢ֻ̨
Ժÿʮ㣬ܵõֻصһ㣬ԼһѡĻᣬܵһһٲ㣬ܳΪֻ̨ˣΪ˵ˣԼõֻصһ㡣
ڻĴˣɻ
ߵ˵ͷڵǣ˵ļӣ״Ӳͬնӿкܶ࣬״ֻһ
мͨ飬Ϊˣѯʵ
һǧʮˡ˵һ÷Ŀɿڴ֣ˣͣʮ㣬ֻв˳嵽ʮ㣬ڳ嵽ʮˣˡ
ĿǰΪֹߵһˣǾʮ㡣
ȻΪֻ֮ļӣ߿е󣬾Ͳ÷ǵóÿʮܻ
һ
һǧͨ˿飬Ϊֻ֮ļӣȷʵ÷𾪣ֻҪ뵽ֻ̨ɸѡ¶ǧ֮ã־Ӧˡ
һǧ꣬һǧͨ飬⼸ʵ͵˷ָ
ϳˣٵĿ
ʮ㣬Ҫֻصһɲܵڶ㣬һ˶
ʮ㣬ҪֻصڶɣԿʼ㣬ˣȻֻˡ
ߵ˼ÿһõֻصһ㣬һһٲģӦõĵĲ⣬õһ㣬Ҳֻص㡣
һǧһĲ˶ûУɣϵһٲˡ
֪淨Ѷȡ
Ѿôˣ˷ǰ棬һֽȸС
ֻ̨ʲôȼĴڣ̲סʵ
͵޵ߵĵر൱߰Ȼ
ɾǴ˵һˡ
۾΢ܳΪֻ̨ˣڵνʥˡ
ԺҪˡ૵
ǣһٲ㣬ΪҵǰǴֻ̨дƵģʮٻҵĻᣬʮΣʮǾŴΡɫ
ûΣգͬģҲ˴ơ
λ֪ˡ˵ͷ
ֻ֮ǵʦ˻ᣬߡ
⣬ߵϣҲ¶ã֮ɫҡҡͷҲ֪Ѿܶûϵˣֻϡо˻ţһҸ֪ĵط
ûо⣬еɻһһʳҲ֪޲ԣǰ֪
Ҳֻ֪ҪǴֻ̨ˣûͨ飬ʵʥ֮£ᱻֻ̨Ĩصļ䣬ǵļУֻ̨Ĵڡ
Ҳһǧֻ̨γɸѡˣȻ֪ˣȴʼղԵʡ
ҿѡʲôʵĲ󣬷վ
ߵͷһӰʱڷǰЩǷѡĶ
ָӰѶϢ̾ͻᴫԺ
廨ŵĶ۽磬һһѡȥ֪Ҫȵʲôʱڿ϶겻ɵġ
ɸò˵Ķ
䣬ǰĻӰʱʧ˾ųϣʣģҲǧ֮ࡣ
ɸʮµġ
ǰĻӰֻʣ١
ͷûٶɸѡΪпܻ©һЩҪĶ⼸棬ֻкһĵر켶ĸϵȵȣ󲿷ֶ˭õ֮
켶ϣҪ
Ȼ켶Ϻ󣬵ҵģҪѡ档
ؼĵر˳ɳޣȿ˵
һؼĵرϣ˻ᣬһȼĵرȴûٳɳĿռ䡣
ÿһԽȼ޵ĵرпܳɳؼ켶ġ
ҪյԴҪǱǱʡ
ǶûеĻ𣿡


÷̾
ͻȻĿһϣһɫԭʯԼĥ̴С棬һϤĸо
ʱ֮ɳȻ
ǰһƷɫԭʯϣһѶϢ̴Ժ
ʱԭʯʱ֮ɳһ𣿡૵ʱԭʯҲֻʱټӿһȻ̺ȴ󺣣ʱ֮ɳ
һʱԭʯһǧʱ֮ɳԱڷѡʱһֱûпڵͻȻ˵
㿴ʱԭʯռǴʱ֮ɳټһЩ۶ɡ
뵽ˣâ֮صһʱ֮ɳ׼
ϧٺҲȥҡҡͷ
ʱ֮ɳУʱԭʯԡ˵ңеһĵرҲǵ
һ
̾ͷӦ˹ʱ֮֡
ǰʵֻ̨ʱùʱֵ֮һĻȻ
ʱܼ֮ȡʱԭʯз
ʮ㣬õʥȪʱ򣬷Ϳǹѡһĵر
˵϶ĵرŲ˷ʥȪ
һĵرأ
ԥΪĵرӵгɳԺ󣬾´ˣǡǡ෴ǿʼ
̫ٻǱޣǱʣҽѪҲ㹻
ĵرأܶĵرʥȪЩҲãΪҲܱĵرյ
ʮõʥȪ̺Ŵκһĵر˼
ǣ˼֮أ
һ˼ĵر㷽ڿѡȼĵؼĵرȻڵľ磬õҲòˡ
ʱֵ֮죬ĵرУûһܱ죬ΪҲյԴûпǡ
ھͲһˡ
ѡ˾
ΧٻӰʱʧǿʱԭʯǻۣʵ塣
ؾرաߵ
ͷ
ʱһζϥֻ̨ʮ㣬ȴ߰ͳȥ
ͻȻ
һĺѡ
͵۾ţͫ׼
â֮أ֣һǽʱֻ̨һǿա
һֱΪǿսһòڵģȻʱ֪Լˡ
һޱ޼ʵɫӣǿлĺɫʱ
ɫ棬ʵɫԣǲƵģʶ
ʱƬɫгţ˻㱼䣬оʱķš
˵𺳸о
˵Уؼһʱ䳤ӣƺƵ᳹Ž񣬿ľͷҲԴߵ𣺡ΪʲôҲ֪Ҳ޷ֻͣؾܿ澰
ܿ˵еʱ䳤ӡ
Ȼؾصڡ
ʱ䳤ǰһ̲ͣţ˻ţżһЩʱ䳤ӺʱƬʱʧɫ
ʱ֮ɳԭʱ֮ɳôġ˲
ʹߣʱ֮ɳԴֻ˵ʱ֪ˣڷʱ֮ɳԴ
Ǵʱ䳤ĵΣ̺ʱ
ʱ䳤Ӻܿʧĳֽһ
𺳵С
뿪ˡߵ
ڰ׹âӵ渡֣ڣתƳؾ



1092 ξǽ
ˡ
оռı䶯ĲͬһʱҲֱӶ̫ٻ
ɫڷɢֲĹȣסȫ
ʱ򣬷Ͼܡ
ֵλãڻɳƽԭؾڴһİĵطǰþϸ֣ҪԻסȻɳƽԭЩþֻ̨ϵЩþԶԶ磬˵ޱʵֻˡ
ֻ綼ܿƲѳģںССþ
һڷϸΧĻþʱѩȫʧ
⡣
ֻֻУ۳⣬˵겻ֻڡ
ͨı׼۳⣬ûв⣬ÿζֻоѣҲһδεֻʧң䡣
Ҫֻһ淨ҪȾ
ʮֻأ۳˲⣬ٶȣֻ̨鶼е𾪣ͨһУҲֻȼ˲ͬȼ磬˶ҪʮٴֻأԵż
һɳƽԭĻþԷûκв
~
ԶͻȻ˾춯صľ޴ֲ糱ˮ˷ɢرɫ
Լ䣬Կߵǻؼݺύ

֪һĴ߶ˡ
߱ǵжԣвֵʱڳؾʵָ۷ĵưոݡ
ܳΪֵģȻҲֻ켶ǿߡ
뿪ûȥֵȤ켶սڵʵǲܲϽȥġ
ˣ
һǰЩ˱¶ȻΪʱԵʣؾģֻؾЩˣǵʱ䣬㹻ĴˣϢȥˡ
ȥܲµؾҪĵطȻߴ룬Ȼ᳹׼ŭĴ磬ǾԲưոݣ϶ǿˣȫΧɱڴˣһʱ䣬㹻ǲˡ
ͬģƽĳǵҲǴ
ҲĴҪطĺǿ϶кֺֻ֣ϲ֣һɳǿԮ˰ȫӻȥһǣĴ޷ɳ̫֡
ΪˣһĻɳƽԭֻؾڸӵΣա
ӵƽĳǵкԮʹĴ磬Ҳ޷ǵ˾£ǸɵһЩҪйߣǣǲ
ҽǳǡҳǵƽĳһؾǾԲƽĳǵľԮƻ֮УΪĴӴѹǻûʵҪǣҽǳǵˣܺܺõĳ䵱һɫǾǣڻҡ
Ц
ֻ̨ûн˴͵һĪơ
ڱһȣʱһ⣬Żɳƽԭ⼫ٷȥ
~
ոշɳǧȻһ𣬸ٷµݺײ֮ͻȻֵһξǽϡ
ײϵĵط·ֳ۳һǽڵ
Ȼûгۣͱϵǿֱײķ飬ӦģҲͣ
ĴĲãĿɨײǽУ·֣۳һ¶ξǽ
ȻĴĲãҪȫ£ξǽ±鼰˻ɳƽԭȻǲộȴ˵ķٶȼٽͣҶ뻹һܣԤ
Щξǽǳ⡣
һӳ޾Ĺӿյ˵ʲôǽڶᱻһɨգȻʵϣиξǽֳ⣬ûһξǽ飬ȴûܵ˿谭ЩξǽǲƵġ
һĻʱףЩξǽܼܳҺǱ̣׽֮ײ顣
ҪǼּܼܳޱȣĴӦõĳòôࡣ
~
һ߰˿ξǽײķ飬ʱĴڸӰǰɢǿϢȫǿߡ
ߡΪ֮Ŀɨжϳߣݳɱ
Ӱȫ˹ɱ⡣
ûһۣ̫ٻӶֲĹȶʱӿ
죬á
ǳصĹâԼĶڲĿֲɫ䣬ʶ壬æˣȴüֱӱ˽ȥ˲仯˷ɻҡ
ǳǿߣ˵һˣʹĴ磬Ҳһ
û뵽ϵһˣ졣



1093 ʢ
˺󣬷ûκͣٶ뿪
Ϊ켶ǿߣֻҪ˶ϣʵ̫ǿˣԼΣա
뿪˸ɵ˵ĵط󣬷ûټͻƣϵϢǰȥ
֮ǰĳԣֻΪ֤һ¡
˳ֵٶȣϵóһۡ
ɣһеײξǽⴳҪȥĻǽпʵ䷴
ΪǿʵĴע⣬ʹ׷ɱʵԽԽǿ켶ǿߡ
ҪĻƽĳǵζЦΪķڻҵãĴע˹ȥǴ
Ἲ˵£Ȼȥ
ܼҪȴᡣƽڵǣûƾһ֮ѵõİ취ǵȴƴѣֵֻǰա
ƽĳǵ˿϶ʵֻҪȵǸʱͿˡ
ҪѷΪڻңҲ׼ǡ
Ȼڷ֮ĴǱҲٳûиӼҵķӦûжʶ֮ǰ
ⴳĻȻĴע⣬ҲѾɵ
ʱ¿Ļܿɳƽԭ˾޴ĻսУ洦ɼҵսƻŻɳƽԭҪͻΧȥĴȫء
ս֮Умˣҫۡ
ɳо޴ʯնÿһȥضţѺۣĴޱȵĿռ䣬飬ʯѿ
ɳ⣬ˣսȻƽĳǡ
һĿ䣬һ޴ĺӰ·һÿ˶ľƻĻȭң̵ָ㣬޲ǵң˺ա
һˣһȥʮӣۣƮĿ֮һӿſֲϫɫĻӶ·дڷɾˡ
ˣ޲ǿΧߣĴˣҿ
Ƕ켶ǿߣɳƽԭ
ƽĳ˵Ķ棬һͬɽĴ󺺣ȭͷأ˿ƽĳǵˡ
˷սϣޱȵҫۡ
ȻҫۣҲԶ
ؾӰٴαâ֣ߵǻָ۷״̬Ͷ䣬غӦǿĲ˼顣
ŭ֣ߵǻݺᣬһ֮ƽĳ˶ٴУ˿⣬ȻĴֻˣȴռϷ硣
ǽ֮
ɳ챤ɱʢǼȻˣͱˡɽĴ󺺷Цء
ʮĺӣȻռҵǿߣʢ
ɳȻ֪ԶǶ֡
ҺǵĿģҲǺͶԷֳ
ǣסĴĶǿߣǳûƽĳǵ˶ۼ
־ۼôˣ㣬Ů˷ˡ߱һǻɨھ𵴣ɫҲļ䲻ÿ
ˣߡɳʱ̹עѶʯнӵѾȫϢ󣬶ʱ˿
˲ҵѡͻΧ
ߡ
ɽȻѣĴȻռϷ磬ҪλȴҲûôס
һߴһˣ֮رѣĩա
ܿ죬͸ϵ˾ۼĵص㣬ƽĳʮѾɳַųһ󴬣ӭǣѸٱ˳ףߴＸʮ׵Ȼ
ƽĳǵӰһһĵ˴󴬡
ϴɳȵͬʱ͵һһǻˡ
ߺʢԵ˴󴬣ɳӭ˵ȫһɫʱĲҰ֮һѪҲǻ˴ϡ
һϣɳ˲ƣʹŴͻΧ
һ¶ξǽȻ飬󴬵ٶױȣ˲ϢȻξǽȴҲޱȣõ׷ϡ
ԶˣĹҲɳ¡
ҪлЩڻңĴע⣬ȻҲûô׳߹Ц
ɳɫÿЩҲ΢΢ͷս֮УƽĳǵҲܸȻȻʧʮˣڿԳܵķΧڣؼǣʱ֮ɳǴ˻
ǿ߱ˡ
ĴλһͻϮǸͨ󣬾ͳŲӦˣ˵УڶǱƽĳǵĳڶǿǣס޷ǰ
˻ɳƽԭϣе
λûĴλǿߡ
Һ˻Ų·ӴܣĴע⣬Ǽǿߣλ죬λһ˾ҪصĴۣܴߵˣҲһ롣
ȵȣأɳͻȻɫһ䣬տʼֻעʱϸһŷٵʮ棬Ȼλ졣
ôܡ
Ǻǿע⣬ĴǿֻҪСĵ㣬ͻû£˵ˣǳǿߡ
Σɳ벻ͨĿܡ
ѵ˵ɳĿ΢䣬Ⱥеĳ²ϣŭҲǸ߹ǣûʮգͲҪʮ𣿡
ƽĳǵ춼ֻ̨ϣɳȻΪصǲҪֻ̨䡣
Ҳ뵽ģΨһĽ͡
ոմؾĴľѻȻûʱ佻
ֻ̨ʱ򣬳²Ĳ䣬ӽһµҲûлָ۷壬ʱɳĿһɨʱ˸
Ǵֻ̨²һɬһзˣɱغ⺣Ǻҽǳǵһģ֮ϳ壬֪ûеʮ㡣
ɳ΢ݣ
뵽ˣ嵽ʮˣ¡
˵ԭôʢֺжȻĺâһ͵˳²ǰǿϢɢݳѹĳ²
ͬʱƺʶʲôĿ⿪ʼȺѰ
һѰңŷ֣շС
Ȼͬռҵˣʢķâ̫ʢĴ󣬸ǳΪ֮ĵһˣѹͬһ˶˱˴˼Ĺϵܣϵѹ̫ʢҲûй˼ʱŷ֣շڡ
շأ
ͳУʢһͷ޷Ʈ¶ɱ⡣
û˻ش
ֻ̨ʮ㣬ƽĳǵ˶ڷ¡
ʢĿ淢Įŷ籩
Ͻз˺ܶ࣬ƾ޷ȷݵģǼշ֮ʢͻϿԿ϶ʮа˾ţǸռޱȵķ
Уֱ˷ֻ̣ҪĴ磬оԵģѷҳɱ



1094 Ҹ
֪ʢѾ֪Ĵڣ̡
ȴһƽĳǵ˿ʼͻΧ֮ʣע⵽˱仯ûдʧ
ƽĳǵҪߣĴ˹ȻͬģһͻΧͻʯ㣬˵ע⡣
䡣
һ¶ξǽڷǰ飬ûмɣͻƵٶҲ졣
Ĵŭ˵ɽ⣬ǿҲԶҪƽĳǵ˸ۡ
ȷĴ˶ƽĳߣû˹עССϺ󣬷żӿٶȡ
ţ
ͻȻ
͵һͣĿһԥ£𶯾˹ȥ

ҽǳʹܹһǿߵķ񹥻£֧š
ˡ
û뵽ջ
֪ˣͲ̰ˣҲᱻƽĳǵڻҡ
ҽǳпɬؾһУϧ׵̫ˡ
̶ʱڣ;˴ӵãٵת䡣
ڻɳƽԭҽǳϵ˴ܹܵˣһͻƣڼǺһϣ˫ϳһɣҪɳƽԭ
ǣûɳƽԭΧ֧ǿ󣬾Ĵע⣬һǿԳ֡
һҽǳ޼ĳλǿǰ߲У˲ͱɱ
־ҽǳĿ
ǾΪʱλͻȻɫ䣬ŭһˡ
ҽǳ˾ϣȻˣܿλ죬ĳȵס
˻ɱֻҪһи죬һλ쵽Ǿͱɡ
ҽǳٶȾ֮ʱͻȻһԶɶܿǰ

ҽǳʹܹܶǻû뵽Σʱ̣ջǷˡ
㡣ĴλҲɫ䣬Ҳǽؾˣֻ̨ʮĿ¡
뵽ֱĵرĿ¹˾⡣
һͼѶԸˣСľͻ䣬˵ҽǳҲ졣
ߡ
˶һۣԼͬˡ
û׷Ŀȥ
ܹܴסˣû뵽λǿߣȻֻǿ˷Ͳսˣʲô
ҽǳô£ڲ˵Щʱ
뿪
Ѿӽ˻ɳƽԭΧ˻һڻĴ練Ӧǰ˳ȥ

һľɽС
ȷ˦Ĵ׷ɱɽʱ
ʧذҽǳ̾һ
εʧֱǲص˼㣬ҽǳǵ˳˶ʧȥ磬Ȼ׶༪١
ľ£ˣҲȫڻɳƽԭ
ֻоͳǵĳӳ죬ȫˡҽǳȻƽĳЩ飬Ǵ󲿷ֶ˳ȥ
⡣
˵εؾ֮УƽĳǴӮңȫңڻҡ
ǷҽǳҲ
ֻƽĳƴ֪ˣҲǺް취
΢΢ͷ
⣬ƽĳܰȻĴǣȻĽݵԵڣǱʵҲ˿
һȫ켶ǿߡ
ĴߣȻѹһͷҪشȴ첻ǣĽع飬Żı䡣
ǱQ˶á
ҽǳ˵ͷʲô㣿һҽǳ𣿡
ܹһֱû˵ʱҲ̧ͷŷ
ҡҡͷ
ҽǳǣǲٻȥˡ
Ѿ뿪Ĵ㣬׼ٲϽȥ
Ĵˣûнⲻĳޡ
һĴһԷ˵һͬʣ˭ɱκ֣һ㣬߻Ĵˣһ
ңĴʹǣΪߡ
Ҫ뿪ҪǾֻ̨̬ת䡣
ǧ񣬶Ѿûжˡ
ΣվֻһС̨ˣģȴǸ̨ʹǧ࣬ʲô壬ǵĻְˡ
ĺöǲС
ֻ̨ϣóһҲģһǶԷ֪
ûԼĳԣ񣬳ǧ⣬һĿģͨϵսͻƿʱķаٷְٵİͻƵľ
ֵûˣͻƿˮɣȻûȤȥ
Ҫ˵߸Ĵ磬ҲΪѰˡЦ
һĴ类߸ЩʥǷܵõģһЩְˡ
ǲ˴ĽҲܳΪĴĽһ޷Ϊġ
ң˴ȻڣǱԳĴ磬ҷǵһĻĽĴ֪˳λĽ
ȻȥѾҲھ뿪
ͻƵľ߲Σոǿ󣬽ռңȻ뿪
ռңǱҪġ
Ժ취붥硣ڴ
ܶڵģֻжĴ̨
ǰĬǷܾˡ
ʱǳСȥǾһʵȴѾʸˡ
Ȼֹǰ
Щ뷨ؾ죬Ѿǳ졣
ˣһҸ档ʲôҽǳʹܹܣȻտʼʱδذʲôģôйһ㽻飬ȰǻǱҽǳǣһҪȥĻ̺Ʋϵ
ĻҽǳЩΣܿͽ֮⣬Ϊʲô
ɱշ
ҽǳɫ䡣
ռҵУշֻ̨ʮʱҪɱңҸɵˣû£ҳҲռҶϡ赭д˵ռʢǳ֪ĴϢ˵ھѾ֪ˡ
Ʋϵǵ³֪
ҽǳѵ˿ĭĶڲš
ǿ죬ʢ찡ռңһҽǳǣԳܲסһǿߵŭ
ңһġҽǳɬȻмľ֮ûаͷһȥ뷨
ռҶϵķǾһ
Ĵ˲߻ռأҽǳ˿ϣ
Ƕ޾գǰر٣ûŵ㣬ʱͣ޾գֻ·һ
ЦЦ
ҽǳֻΪܹҲڰˣҽǳ֡
ǣءܹܱ˱ȭҽǳ˻Σûκԥ̷ȥ


1095 
뿪һңԶ󣬷Ϣڴϻš
Է˵ҪģͻƵľ
ƿѾʧʱضͻƣȻʵϣȴô򵥡
ȻûƿҪľȴҪȥһЩԼ״̬ﵽ۷ʱ̡
ľͬǰͨͽ쾳Ҫûƿ⣬Ѿ߲֮ͬʱҲҪ֮ƽ⡣
ͻƵ쾳۷ʱ򣬷ڵ֮Ѿƽ⣬Ǿƽ⣬ȴ˲١
Ϊ麣֮ȼҪ߹֮
ķȻ͸һЩ޵ıʣ֪Ҫԡ
֮ǶľĻͺñ췿ӣػһ߸һߵͣķӿ֪ܴ֮ﵽƽ⣬ʹǿͻƣҲ⣬ܲԺĳɾ͡
¹δĳɾͣȻἱɡ
Ҫȥ죬ȻͻơĿ⵭Ȼǵúͻƽ쾳ʱ麣֮˾˵ɱ䣬ӵɫԾǨɫ
Ȼ֮Ҫƽ⣬֮ҲҪɱС
˼·
ڵҲŵġ
ĴܵʯŵӰ죬ϵ˵޺ռϵȥ߲ˡ
Ĵ磬ؾ޷õͻơ
Ψһİ취ԶĴ磬ʯӰ첻޾ȥȻ졣
΢΢ҡͷüͷ
޾յļΧֻط޾Ļ֮ЩĴҪһǰ㡣
ҵʵ޾գʯӰ첻ĵطûж⣬ҲԽռ䣬ǰ죬ؼڣʱôɣԴ˵޾յĿ£ռһ̣ռͻᱻٵҲ޷
زռ֮࣬Ȼᡣ
ǰһ٣ԭǸͨиˣ϶ǲòȥҪҲҲ
ĴݷȴٶȽǰأǿ紫󣿡ƽţ뷨ܿͱų
ǰأҪȽ紫׵Ķ࣬༸꣬Ūһͨ硣
ǣȴȲ
ĴΪߣ͵жԣռҿ϶뷽跨ԸռҵӰһҲȫĴԽþԽΣա
˵Ľķڡ
ʹͻƵľλһӲӲ
϶а취ġ˼
Щ϶û취ˣҲƶһǰĽٵҲôŭˡ
ĴĻʺϵ޳ɳ˵޵ǳǣǾ
ôͻƵģĴЩˣѵͻģԶһ磿
۾ǿ϶޾ʱͣİ취
ڱ΢΢񶯣Ϊ⣬˲Զȥ

ǡ
վһɽϣңңԶΰ޳ǡ
Ĵĵޣʵϵģֻˣϵ˵ȫٵĿԼϢ
棬һһ죬һǶ죬Ĵĵλܵͣ޾ʱͣİ취Ҳ̫ʺҵĿֻ꣬ʣһ
ذƷ壬ǵĵ۷ʵ
Ĵ磬ǿһˡ
ѡΪĿ꣬ԭǣǿذ׵ܵܣ߿۷ʵ
ǣͬĴǰʮĴǰ
ĴҲ죬Щǿߣ϶ǹλ£ʮ֮У˵ǲõģ
ϢǱнȥüͷ΢
ָذƷ䵥Ļᣬ߿Ĵĵһޣ۵λҪԿ֪ȻĴ߳ͻҲ޷⣬ǵԱȻͨУҵ䵥Ļᡣ
ҪץסذƷ壬ֻðսڣһЩܡ
Ҳ֪ΪշǳĴһ¶ͻΧ֮У޷
϶ǽ˿ǵġ΢΢ҡͷ
ȻϢвĳ̶ȣոǾͻᱩ¶Ĵĳǳôױ͸ĻͱΪƽˡ
ţ
ͻȻɫһߣ漴΢Ϣʧ
ڷʧ󲻾ãһӴȻ٣ɽɨûзʲôŻ˻ȥ
ڡ
һɻջƣǰһؾ建⡣
ϣʲô֣
ûǴҡҡͷٹע
⣬һ֡
գ㱻֡˿
һǷ֣вǿţȻ߾裬Էж
սʱڣȻǽ䱸ɭϣרŵǿ߸𾯽䡣
Ȼûб¶ɫÿԶע⣬ǵľ̶֮ߣ÷κǱϣ
ת۾뿪˿ʮһľСɽڡ
ֻϣֻ淨һЩɹˡ
˶񣬴ȡĿڰʯ
ֻ̨ϣõʮڰʯµģͽʣֻصһĿ飬Ķֻ̨˻ȥ
ǷϵĺڰʯҲջأҵǣ˷⣬˳嵽ʮ㡢ʮʮõģҲȫջأ䶼޸һЩֻ̨֪Լֻ̨ķգֻ̨ʲôԼΪʲôҪôߵȵȣȫʵ滻
û֮ͨˣֻ̨Ȼûô󷽡
Ҫÿ˶ܴ߼һǧĿٷḻҲһˣʵϣЩΪӺ״׼ģҲǿˡ
Ŀ⣬ںڰʯϡ
ͼѾʧֻ̨Ϊ淨ݱա
ڰʯֻмĸãǱزٵĹߡ
ֻأŵһɹı׼ǹһֻ磬ҾһȻԶܲʵõת֮Ǳڡ૵
ֻһŷǳǿ淨
õģŵĵһ㣬޷ǿ󣬲ǸտʼʵתܹɹĻޱˡ
ֻ磬Ȼõģǲʵ硣
ֻҪйֻ磬ʶҪֻܽ磬ôҪģȻܽãŲУγһֻ
ֻ̨ʮʱλ֮Уʶǽֻ硣
⣬ܱ֤ʧ
ܴﵽʵ֮лַܷĴڣΣգֻҪ֮оˣǶԷĹܸá
Ȼңֻ߶̫ǿûˡ
ֻҪ˫ʵǲ̫һ޵С
ǵǿߣҲ۷壬ܽãûһܷĴڡ



1096 ʵ
ʵãβܽã
üͷ
Ŀڰʯо棬ӿһɹ÷ƽ
ʼֻ
һʮȥˡ
۾¶ŨŨɻ֮ɫ
ʮʱ䣬һͷûУǸӵãˡ
淨Ȼôģҷڻûó»֪ʵˡ
ʵлһȫȫһϡ
Ҫ˵ѶȣҲͺ۳һƲࡣ
۵һƣʱԶڶ̣Ȼڳ»İ£ǷڰʯԼֻأҲǼ󣬾ܱȲϳ»ô
ʮ죬Ȼһͷû
ѵ˵Ĳʺ淨𣿡ЩãȻ
ͨ飬һֻأҲ嵽ʮ㣬ŵһɵˣһ˶ˡ
ţһǧˣ¶Լ࣬ĵһϣ޷
벻ͨ͸޷ֻص
ãáĬĬţ˵Ϣޱ
ǣ⻹ԶԶ
ڷȫĳֻص֮ʱ
ӰһǰһԶɽϡ
ɫƺûвǵĵ
ӰһһŮеӢֻüһ֮ŮòȻȴĿ䣬ֻԶ۲ҽá
˵ϢǷǳ΢
ˣǧʲôֱ˵òŮӵ
ʦãҵ˼ѵ㻹˽ԴӡӢòŮӣи顣
Ӣӵ黰û˵꣬òŮӾüͷ
Ӣӣ¶ֶҡܿͱȻ棺ʦ֣ҵĺãƷһֱ
뵽ӢӵĺãòŮɫᣬǸˡ
ǣƷ˼ڶŮ˽ϣ½ԷˣĴٴѣұŮ˼ӦȫΪϣŬΪȻͻƵ죬ƷĿ꣬ԣԲĸҲܽܡ
˵òŮӵն˾ζ
ӢӸո¶ϲɫͱȻĻɫҰס
Բ𡣡ǸȻ˵һòŮ𣬿뿪ֻӢҵվԭأһ
κӢӲȻعҲţҲţƷǰҵģһ˭š
˵ݺһƽԵľʯĵķ飬Ҳ뿪
һһŮĪȥҲ죬Ǹûз֣ڲԶĵطһʵԶǵĴڡ
ĿⲻűӢӴľʯͻȻ䣬һⴳԺ
ʯʧҲţٴڡ
ԭˣԭˣˣһֱˡ
Ȼ
ߴ·һֱΪֻҪòУǿ˼ڤ룬ĥȫǽõİ취
Ǵʱ򣬴ûʲôãǲһ硣
ǧټƵҪõ磬ӿʼߴ·ԽȥƫĴԽԶҲԽѻͷ
ңԼ磬ûĵ·ߵ̫Զ
ʵõлǽνãĨĴڡ
ǿʯˣȻҲͲڣͬá
ֻصʵãȴô򵥡
ֻҪ߶·ҪɹͺˣϾһ
ŷһβûã۾ʱΧ磬Ѿˡ
ԼߣӵΧһϣʯ桭
Щʯȵȣͬ߹ߣӵϣӵϡ
һУֻҪֻҪʵģ˴˼еϵ
һߣʹŷĴڣΧϵ
ҪģжЩߣûһߣӵϺ󣬾ʹǲڵġ
һڰ׽֯ĹâȻӷɢ˳
ţһӷĹߣȻ˷ͺ岻ƵģͱĹһ
˼һ·ϣߣ·ˮ˿ۼ
ڵңӦþõ״̬˵Ҿǲڵġ¶Цݡ
΢ǰȥ
Ļڰ׹âֻĨĴڣһƱػΧĹߣǺͷӣӶ¶
Ƭ̺󣬷ǰһɣӦþǶŮĵط
ŲǰɵɽţǿĹݺύȴֲ˷ɴ˹ȥûоκˡ
ɽţڵأһд֣ڡ
ڣһЩһЩڴɨ˹ȥԱߵһע⡣
ߵԣûţֱӴǽ
ǽڣɽ˵ǲڵģȻ谭
ͷ·һƽڣǰûκν
ڣһ׷ڽ飬һȺӣ֮ǰǸòŮҲ档
û˷ַĵ
ǰ׷ߣΪɢǿĹâĹ߸Ǵ׳ޱȣĸо
ߵ׷ǰڴĹʱߺҪ͵ϮɱĻֻҪһͷ
ȫû˼ܿǳ
ٶȺܿ죬ںܿ˸飬һڡ
ڣһλھޡ
ϵĹâޱǿңĹ߸Ǵ׳ͣԶ֮ǰİ׷ߣǿߣӽ졣
ˣӦþǴڵǿˡ
ǰǰҪܷԼϵĹʱͻȻɲ͡
һ۾Ŀɨңûзκˣɻֹһ䣬¾
оָӦģԼΪǻþߣ
ԼٶϵĹߣһᾯٴΪǻþ
ˣ˳ң뿪˴ڡ
֮󣬷ȥ˸ļһԺ󣬶ʵлЧ˵
쿪ʼҽӽϵĹߣͻǲӦָӦԺԲƣǶβ
ĻҪǿ࣬ϵĹߣ̾;ǲ쳣ûþڹȥ죬ǲŻᷢңǵĹжĻҲǺ
˵죬ûгԣǰƲ⣬ʹҲҲᷢҵĴڡ
૵ڶõ򣬻̶ֻȡ
֮⣬֮Ҫٶֵ࣬ܵ󷨣ɴκξ䣬ӦԵԵʡ
¶ڴ֮ɫ
ûǿߣСĵĻҲܱܿ
ڵңӦȥˡ



1097 Ǳ
ΧһСǳء
һҺ¥棬š
ûмж
ΧĴˣһ㶼⣬СǳУûʲôǿߵġ
Ϣת󣬷ȥĴıʿûж
ЩĴǿߣһϳĴˣΪǸεˣǶ˴Ϥİ˺׷ֱǶĴһ˶ԣ֪жǿߣЩǿָˡ
һµ߽ڵİ䡣
ˡӹ
˵ͷ
Ӳǵһδ򽻵ˣԷСǳϢͨˣ֮ǰڿǵǴģܼ򵥣ҵӣʾһԼһı꣬Ӿʵʵˡ
ûԼԴЩߣҲŲɴĴıϣҲۣȻһϢο϶̫ߣһЩϸϣҲԵóԼĽۡ
ҪµϢûзϻӳһöʱ֮ɳ
ӵ۾ʱ˳ȣԣһöʱ֮ɳѾ׬ˡ
Ƭ̺
뿪Сǳء
ĴƽĳǷ˺üδͻս࣬Ӧ÷ֲʤ
ʮ֮һڽĵҲ⣬֮ǰؾûȥڵڶͳ£ƽĳսӦûˣʱ
ʢȻңȻʮʱ֮ɳ
΢΢ЦӶ֪ʢͷ£ɼǺε֮Ȼзòĵģֻߡ
һѰ˼ţһȥ𽥵ȥʧΡ
ʱתõ״̬£ĨԼĴڡ
ǡ
ǰ
ǿڳÿһ䣬ǿǵľ䷶Χһ˽룬̾ͻᱻ֡
ĿȥﷺڰĹâ˶صӽǣЩӦÿʱȴɢŹâһߴ֯һûκ©޵
εĻεģֻҪʵڣΧһвϵܱ
̶ȣûавɫ
ӹߵĴϸԼǿϣжϳǵĳ̶ȣȻǿȥ
ͬһӰֱǰȥݺύĹߣûһӦ
ǿǵĴ
һâǳڣʱڷȴǿĹߣû˿ǡ
ǿڹ߼תţÿһ߶ȴڵλǿʮϡ
¾ˣһʱ̶̾ĸС
ѹأڵĻȼķ̫ࡣ
켶Ȼ󷨣̫ĻҲпܱ֡
ڰ׹âڷתţάõ״̬ǰ󷨣Ŀ䣬ͻȻ˳ȥߣһ·ͨ裬ڷ쵽ͷʱ
ͻȻһӴתһ鶯Ĺߣָһ鶯ᵯ£˻ȥ
һ˲͵ĸо뷽
ͬʱ࣬תһ͵۾
˴󡣡̲ͷϸĽ󷨼һȴǷ֣󷨸ûбļ
ѵ󱨣
תʾĹܣʱҲд
ΪԷһɳ֣󷨼һ飬ȷ˿
Ȼ
ųͷּˣȻ
󷨱ǷֲģͬʱҲԤãӦǳַܷԤĳ̶ȿ϶ܵͣǾͲķӦˡ
Ĵˣ϶Ҳǵľ
ֻҪܿЩ鶯Ĺߣû⡣СĵĹ۲죬Щ鶯Ĺ߽֮䣬ࡣ
κ
һ֮УߴϴûκθӦӦĹҲûз
ץס鶯ֵ߳Ĺɺ󣬷ɾʹ˹ȥûоκһˡ
Ǳ󷨵˻ڳͷûһ˷֣ϢĴΪĴ󣬽˳ڡ
֮󣬾ͼ򵥶ˡ
ۿȥ߽ǳط⣬۵ȼǲ绤ǵ󷨡
˿󷨺ҲǸеһƣ
ά״̬Ǻ޴۵ģҪڵĺڰ׹â
ԽǿĹߣҪ֮ĵĺڰ׹âԽࡣ
ǵ󷨣ģҪ֮ǰڴڵȵصĳԼҪĶࡣ
΢˸һӡ



1098 ɱ
ڣ񷿺ܶ࣬Էֲ״̬ǽûκ谭Ҳᷢ춯
ڿһˣȻ˲ڡ
¶ӵϣϵ
ڰ׹âڷϸţɢȥ
Щڰ׹âǷֻغյϵġ
ÿһ淨һӴϵһЩ淨ܹóԳһϵֻҲ⣬Щڰ׹âģȫµ
һڰʯУǲֻܰأԺڰ׹âĻָҲмƶá
ԼСʱ󣬷ľ;ء
¸ڰ׹â״̬ǽ˳ȥȵĽֵϣһֳ壬ȻȻȺУûһ˷쳣
ǵǿ࣬Ҳһϳߵˡ

ڳǶһռĸۡǰ
ذƷĸۡǰ
ǵĸۡǳ׵ܵܣذƷĸۡΧɭ֮κ˶ڲ˵¿Ǳˡ
ֻǸ⡣
΢΢һЦȻȻƿ˸һۡĴţ˽ȥһΪüͶϵߣʱ˻ȥ
ⲻǷⱩ¶ˣκοذƷ帮ۡˣע;衣
˸ĸۡϴɣס⸽ˣǷǸȻ˿š
ѡۡҲнģʱۡûжˡ
֮󣬷̵ȥ˴ţ³棬ĿذƷĸۡȥ
߳ڷǰǿ
ڣмطķȻǵ󷨻ҪǿĶ࣬һǳĵطӦҲǿҪڣذƷĸۡȻڡ
ȻȻǵһ˵۷壬ǿйԷ˵ȴûʲô塣
ذƷĸۡ⣬һλλĿ䣬ɨܣȻǵƤӵ£ʩʩȻ˽ȥΪ˵ǹ֮
ܿ죬ڸۡһȦ
ڼңüͷ
ۡڣûһľޣذƷ壬켶ĵޣҲǶľ
ڽ쾳ǿʵĵޣ˵ǷëǣĴǾ޽еġ
ذƷ岻ڼң鷳ˡ
ȼĸ߲٣ǲܴģǿĻֻݾߣذƷĵλʱ˵һλǷͺ޻ˡ
ֻڿǣΪǾ԰ȫĵطлᡣ
ذƷڰȫĵطĻȥһزʲô⡣
ҲûʲôѡҪˣֻذƷĸۡá
ϣɡ

ҹ
һͻȻڸۡǰ
ˡ׷
һЩӱһȺΧм䣬ǹ°˽ǿǵĵذƷ塣
ذƷԣಽĸһͺߣӿǿϢÿ˶׹ѡ
ˡܼ
ذƷ˵ͷ۹ܼңѹأ
Ѿ͵˷ʱáܼҵϸ֮ɫ
ϣ鷳ˡذƷԵͺߵ
ͺߣһλǿߣذƷ壬һ̲룬ҲֻذƷҪ˴
ƽذƷȻǲͺ뿪Ҫ£ȴԹۡ
ͺߵذƷһۣԺߵıҲ֪Ҫʲô
ذθл飬ٵͺߵ˵꣬һʱʧ
Ȼʱ뿪ͺҲûԶ룬һ⣬ϾܾԮ
ͺһߣذƷʱ¶˷ڴ֮ɫ
Ǳ߻Ҫ£ذƷȴǰΪһոյõˣߵɫһ̶ȴͻ׼ɫ
Ҳǳģǿǣһʱᶼʲôõĵġ
˶ˡ
ǻ˷ܣذƷȲƿ˷š
Ȼһ̣͸оԼ·ڱѩأ±䵽˼㡣
ڡ
һڷתذƷ¶һЦݡ
ذƷˡ
Ԥеûȴһİӡ
ţоëȻ
д̿~ϢвذƷ岻һеĺ
ĻոճڣͿһ̫ȻڵķȽȽ˺ڰ޾Ĺӿ
~
û˿ֿأذƷ˲ͱ̫ٻٳ˻ҽ
һŭӸͺ߷˱Ŀֲ
֣ذƷµĿռʯһӳڣʱһֲ̫ͺߺɳȥ
ԷҲڵǿߣȻûв˼ذƷĿռʯ󣬾͵һ񣬻Ϊһ˳ȥһξ룬ϸڰ׹âĨԼĴڡ
أءͺ߳ڷʧĵطĿɨӣȴʲôû֣ƺ棬Ȼε޷Ƴ
Ƕˡ
ǿϢ߷˹
ô£Ϊ׵һɫѿ˼㡣
ˡͺһǿǵĳذƷ׸磬ذ졣
˿æľԭԭ˵һ顣
ǿǱڣɱƷ壿
ذƷѶذ¶ɱ⡣
ңһҪǴ̿ҳɱ
УҳȥҪ֪˭Ұ˷Žġ
ذͲΪϢĴǷһ̿͹ᡣ
ȻذƷ֮¹شȻΪ̿ܳǣذ컹ǵһʱ֪ͨ˵ڶ
ֻʹǿ߹ҲҪһʱ䡣
ڿҳһţ঵ʱ򣬷ȴٶȣ˻Ƿ뿪˿ǡ
£Ȼס
ɹˡ¶ϲɫ
ô˳Ҳһ⣬Ҫʵ״̬л̫죬ǶԴһ֪
ԤϵĻûôˣȻ£ֲ˷£ȴܴĺڰ׹âһڰ׹âþҲᱩ¶
ѡɱذƷ壬Ҳ֮٣֮󣬷֪ҪذƷûпܣһ֣Ͼͻᱻֻ֣һΡ
Ĵ磬Ͼ˺ռϵʲôҪذƷ岻ܷռ棬פ޾յĶذƷϣҪԣ϶Яġ
ذƷĿռʯ棬мĿܣ޾ճʱͣİ취
ϣҪʧ
૵һƿ̥Ĥ޾ա



1099 ɫ
~
ոս޾գޱ޼ʵĻʱ糱ˮӿ˹ɲǼ䣬·Ĵ棬ʱп㸲
ô£ɫ䡣
ΧӿĻֲĲ˼飬ԶԶ˷
÷е𾪡
Ҫ֪һǰֻʵʱ򣬾ʹǸͨ޾ˣ죬һǰ֪ǿٱյ˵޾ӦвԼŶԣΨһǵģǻֹ޷ʱͣȥˡ
ǰڵ˵ʱͣˣ¾֧һʱ̶Զ
仯÷ʼϲ
ײͨɫһһâͶֳһſռʯ
󣬷Ӷ̫ٻ𣬺ݺݵն˿ռʯϡ
~
ռʯѾڻԼĹ£̱鿪ɳ
糱ˮӿ˲ͽĶ˽ȥ˻ҽвһЩĵر
û˿ۣһߵֿŻĳһ߽ſռʯ鿪ĵط
ذƷĵλȱʱ֮ɳǧƵʱ֮ɳڻĳ£ûκα仯Ǽ̵޷󣬶Щʱ֮ɳȫһӰɢҲ޷ǣ·ǲһ
ʱ֮ɳǴĴġ
֪£Ķȴûиû뵽̥Ĥɢˡ
Щʧʱ֮ɳ΢ʱԭʯȡЩɢʱ֮ɳܵ㣬ʱԭʯͶ˹ɡ
ʱԭʯǧʱ֮ɳ۶ɣԴĴ磬ڿܹʱ
һ£ռʯеʱ֮ɳ󣬷ʱԭʯ˻ȥ
Уӵеʱ֮ɳҲ˻ӰҪʱԭʯ֮ա
ٶȣһк󣬷ٴο˹ȥ
ѵ˵ذƷϣû޾ճפİ취ΧѹԽԽ󣬷ӡ̵ƣȫ߶̫ٻסȫڸֲĻ£ɫҲԽԽס
¶ʧ֮ɫ׼ȻصĴ֮ʱ
ͻȻһڵ޾ò˶ãһªĺɫþͳڷǰ
ΧĻٿֲɫöΡȻ纣нʯ˼᲻ɴݵĸо
ԥ̷˺ɫãһУǿֲѹʱʧһգ÷һ
ٳһ㣬Ͳò˻ĴˣҲ֮ǡ
ʱ޾գǰδеĿ¡
ôе¡
޾ûֽܶţ˵йʯм϶Լϡ
һǰʵǿˣҪ˵ǰ𡭡ѵ˵ΪϢתɫ΢䣬ϸ޾еĻȻޱȣԸоĵǵǿȲߡ
һǰԼ޾ʱϵģûκ
ɾ̶ֳȵĻȴвԼͺǱˡ
ϵϢתĺĴһģһ¾Ϊ޾ձĸвҶ͹ʯѲ˹ϵ
һܺ޾յˣĴ綼Ҳҡҡͷı£紫ҪԣһӾ͹˳ϧĽˣѡĵһĿǿ紫Ҳûɵġ
ջ˼עںɫϡ
һԺ󣬺ܿ˿ķڷĲ£ɫûζԶĴ͹ʯŵĵطȥ
ɫãϲϸо˷֪ˣΪʲôڻĳΡȻ
ؼԭںɫɻΪԼֻ֣Ҫûǿ˲ݻܹȥ
Ա˵ҪģǶԺɫöԣȴá
÷뵽˴ۣǾ޾еռľɣԭɫһޣֻռľ޾գΣԶԶȲ
ɫõԭϣҲ޾顣
ɫã޾һȶ꣬÷
źɫãԶʯţѡķͬԶͨķЩˣ֦ڡ
ע⵽뿪ĴԼϵϢʼתתٶȷǳĻֻǷ֣޾УܻĳĻתٶȾͿľˡ
ûôһϢȫתҲٻĴˡ
ʯźĴԽԽԶͻȻɫ΢оԼռ֮ϵָˡ



1100 ʼͻ
ڻָˡ
ɫ΢Ĵ磬ռ֮ϵжϣԵ˵ǷǳĲҲʹԸĴĵ֮١
Щؽĵޣ˴麣Ҳһṳ̂Ĵ磬ɴ˿ɼһߡ
Ȼû˵ʱҲѹֵĸо뿪˹ʯŵӰ췶Χʱоɣͷ·һֱϵĴʯŲߡ
ɣ÷һɱĸоһֱֻҪԼԸ⣬̾ܿľ
ȵȵȡ
еĳ嶯ѹȥ
ľ˵ǵܹﵽһˣݷӡ
޵󾳽硣
˵½ǴػԽĳɾԽߵĻôͨͶľ֧Ĺȵ֧
˵磬תͲླ
ֻ֮ͨĴ֮УླǴ˵еһ磬ŵ޵ļ£ܹõ޳ΪĲ࣬ȻǸǴ˵ʹǴϵĵ֮棬δشﵽյľ硣
ླǵ֮ĲƲ⣬翵ġ
ĳ˵תһˣȴǰĸôȷӦһ߲磬ͬģҲûȷĵ·ߣһжҪԼǰ
ô˵ľ޻ĳģתûˡ
ֻ֪תȻǰĸ磬ûбȻĹϵĴ󾳽ǻԽοתҲһá
ˣ׼̬ͻƣǼʲô
Ȼܽռˣû̽ȥϾһߣҲҪʱ䣬ɫõɫ޾һ£кѱ֣վǸڣˣ׼ľԶŽ졣

ѾԶԶ뿪˹ʯţϿܣѡҲǺЩ෴ķ
Ͼ޾յļȻܹʯӰˣҲޱȿ£ûж˻޾ҹ䡣
źɫãһ޾յӴо˽ȥžȵͣ룬һ
ɫóޱȣҲǻԺԭ򣬼ʹ˲ݣҲʯ
ʼɡ
ԥֱӴͨռŻ롣
վͨ壬Ŀ͸ƺʼ½ϣԸоһжѾ׼ֻҪԼһ֮½̾ͻᴫԼӾ֮ء
ջĿ⣬ͨŻ˽ȥ
һ󣬷һİֱӼڵ֮ˮΪһصӡ
纣֮ӿš
ϣһ·񣬺ܿͳ嵽ʮ״Ĳ㡣
ǷϴεļޣȻǴκûн죬Ƿ֣ԼܳܵѹԶԶ֮ǰ
ֻ̨Ҫģҵƿʧ
ֻ̨ʱ򣬿ֻ̨ϵԣҲһḶ́Ȼؼֻ֮Ĵ
ֳȻûϵı仯ȴþͻͽ
ǰĵɫ֮ӿգĸǿ󣬸ܳĳ
ʮһףʮסʮףʮס
ʮ׵һʮףǵĲ㡣
ߵһ׵ʱ򣬷оԼ𽥵˼ޣٶȿʼŻ
ԶԶ
ڵĻ֮Ȼǵɫûзɱ䡣
һεɱ䣬Զ麣֮ļѡ
һһʮס
һٶʮס
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ڴ󲿷ֵ˵棬ߵĲĻϾѾͻƵľˡ
Ƿо⻹ԶԶǽ쾳ļޣܹߵĸԶ
ҵҪļޣ
º
͵Ȼͻһʮ׵Ľޣ˵㡣
~
ѹԶԶ˵Ĳ㣬ոս룬޾Ŀֲʹ˷ӿΣճ̶ȣԶĴ֮޾գ¾Ĳĥ£岻֪ɳ˶٣ԶԶѹ
~ҹ͸Ѫɫ˲ͻᱻоԥڵʹâ
ֲӷڱʹâӷؿһ͸
޷΢΢ζȻǳ˳ԤϵѹӸ߸ϵкµĺԼ䶼һֱ͵ĸо
оһɣΧӿѹʹâķ顣
¶ɫͷʹâȵǣԼûбûϴδ߶㣬嶼޷ƿء
˵˳ĽǾƿʹâĺԶ
ѹʹâ
ؿڵʹâһҪ͸ٶȼΪ·һס棬ʹâҪȴҪѹȥҽš
Ȼǿ󣬵ǱʹâҪһЩٶȻһ㣬ᶨƵ
ҵ̴ǰȥ
֮ԶĲ㣬Լĵɫ֮ӿ뷽ٳɳš
ǰȥѹҲԽԽʹâ͸ٶٴα仺
ֱѹƵ״̬ƺǼŭʹâԽԽ£·ʱֲܱ
һʮ׵һʮףǵ㡣
ȫ񣬶ʹâϣһſʮа˾Żһǰ
ףס
Ȼ䣬ԽһޣȻѾֲ֪䣬Լ˵㡣
~
ԶԶѹɽ鱩ֱӽʹâѹ˻ȥ
ƺǸоܵĪƣоԶ֮ǰΪֲ̾ͻᱬķ顣
ʱ
ڣһֱڽ֮ˮϢ鿪˷塣
ʼ޷ɱ䣬ƺһؼ֮ڿʼ˱ʵԾǨ
һĨɫڻͶӰڣϵϢӷΧѹ˲ʧĸɸɾڵʹâҲ׵ƽ



1101 ľϣ
㣬ͻȻѹȫޣǵɫ֮糱ˮӿԼգҪɣԼǲǻϡ
ǡ
ЩӦǰ˼ûκα仯ĿֲѹǴûֹƵģʧĸɸɾ֮ǰ˲ͻᱻĿֲоǻþһ㡣
ֻǲǻþ
Ŀӣڵı仯֮ʼתɵɫתΪɫ
Ǹ߼֮ɱǱϵԾǨ
ԭǵ֮ˮ鿪ʹ֮ɱ䡣һֱǵżȻõ֮ˮ֮Ȼ޷ɱ䡣
֮ɱѶԶԶ麣֮
Ӧûи֣֮֮Ի֮ѣǷ麣̫֮ߣʹû֮ɱޱȼѡ
֮࣬ͶӰһһңڷγƽ⡣
ʱ򣬷ҲˣΪʲôԼһֱƿزʹâ
ʹâ麣ͻͶӰγɣֻΪ麣ǿڻ죬ʹʹâʧ⣬ûãһõĻͻƻƽ⣬÷
ڻ֮ɱ䣬γƽ⣬ʹâųƽȥ
Ժڲ˺ǰ£ҲʹâȻʧʱ޷ĿֲȻûȵģϾ൱ͬھ֮ǿ֪
ӡ
վԭأı仯ò̧ͷ߲ɲ񷡣
֮ˮʧˣǷԸоӵĴڣֻҪԸ⣬ܹͬͨӣ
ˣоԼͻ֮䣬ܲɷֵϵʱ֪Ĵڣ麣һ
⣬ӦҲ֮ɱ󣬲ŷı仯
Ƭ̺󣬷ջĿ⣬ǰϡ
Լ֮գš
ÿһ㣬һһʮ׿ʼʮ׽
֮ǰûиоκѹ֮ѹ²̶Ƚ͵һ൱ֻԽѹٶԶԶǰκһ㣬ת۾൱ڵڶ㣬㡭
գʮ׵Ŀ˵߲㣬ֹڴˡ
վڵ߲㣬оɽѹûһӵϣƬƺھηŷڵ֮ȴͭǽڻǰ÷޷
Χӿ֮ɫҲ쳣䡣
Ӵ䣬½˲֪پ룬֮Խϣ֮ĵȼԽߡ
߲֮Ѿ뵭ɫɫ֮
ֻܵˡ૵
ϣٶףȻ߸ϵӣȻңɼ
ͬǵԶ޷ӽ
죬㲻𣿡񷣬Ƿ·بûб仯ӣԺͻȻһͷ
ǰ߲Ȼġ
ֻֻ֮ȴ˵ˣﶼһ죬ʹǶ磬һҲô߲أ
߲磬ǴܱȵģҲ޷϶Ϊⳬķ롣
˵߲ǲģǴ˵е磬ǶԲĳˡ
ʱţһº󣬷֮תȴûнڣ֪ڵﵽ˽쾳ļޡ
߲㣬ŵ˼ޣ޷󣬷ڵ壬ǳԽеĽ쾳ޣԶԶԽ
ţͬһϣκһˡ
ͻƵľʱˡ
ת뿪

ռ䡣
ӻ󣬷ԥĿʼͻơ
ޱ޼ʵӱ֮½ƶʼ½ռĽ
ģֽ֮أǵӵһ߲硣
һ֣Ƿʼ½ȴûзɳǽʼ½һڣԨ֮
ͨĵıؾ֮·
ԽԽӿ룬ռҲǷ˾˵ı仯
ʼ½Ϊֽ磬ϷԽԽ޾Ĺâƺ֮ϣ麣ͻ磬·̫ųǿҵĹâ
麣ϣųɫâӻϣǲɫâ
Ȼʼ½·ȴǽ˳ŵҹԽԽڰֺڰȴûа˲ĸоǳ˾ף˸оǰδеİ
ڡ
ռ䣬ʼ½ΪߣȻֳ磬һһ



1102 ľ£
֣Ͱ粢Ǿ֡
Ϸ麣ͻųǿҹâռռĴ󲿷ֿռ䣬·׵ĺڰǽռһС֡
⣬ΪոľԺ󾳽ڰȻռԽԽգͰγƽ⣬ǾǶľ۷塣
س֣翪١
ռڵľ˱仯˵ͻƵľʱ򣬻ֵռ䱻ֳɹ֣ǶӦسһ
һͨġ
΢ʼ½·بźڰ֮С
ʼ½ϣԭԨ֮λãֵʱ򣬾Ѿ㹻׵Ĵʼ½ʧ
󣬷ֵĺڰУһĹž֪ͨδ
Ȼ޷ǷĸоԨ֮λãһ̤˹ž֮ڣ̤ʵصĸо֮
ڷ̤Ԩ֮һ̣һâͻȻںڰڷϷǰ·
ؼ䣬һƳĹߡ
£ǺɫʯɵĹŵ쵽˰ڵľͷ
治ɫںɫŵһǰһâʼͷΧŵĺڰںɫŵϣڰΧȻȴûһ˿һĿֻźͺ£ǱհΧǰδеİ
ؼ䣬һжڵȥֻзµĺɫŵԼͷһâ
ܿһˣ¶ǰУƺԶͷ
ںɫŵϣصûйĸоȴγһζ·ڲʲô
֪˶á
һĺɫŵϣ𽥳˱Ķ
һŴݳ˹ŵԣҡҷţȥޱȵĴȻڿʱȴͻȻӿһ¶ļ¶
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ͻȻ
µĺɫŵһζֲޱȵڷΧըɲǼ䣬·һڸըԾı۾ϢԺ
ȵΧһжƽϢ۾ʱѾû˺ɫŵǼʵĴء
һݣڷǰҡҷˡ
˾˵ı仯ȴɫǰȥ
ǰһſݿʼǰ֣γïܵĲԭһ֣γɭ֡
߹ԭöĳ
߹ɭ֣Ӱּ׷

֮翪ʼܱ䡣
һ̫ջֳ޾ĹȣҫŴء
ǰˮһӵסȥ·
𽥺ڰʣ»ԣϡ
ŷĲƺھܱ䡣
翪١૵
س֣翪٣ͻƶľ󣬾ͬǰͻͨͽ쾳ʱֵı˰ţޱ߿ຣһ
ʲô󣬺ͨǸ߲йأûбô򵥣ȻҪģΪԨ֮
ÿһ޵Ԩ֮ڲͬӡŸ˵ĺۼﵽ˾ĵ޵ĻΪǵԨ֮ԵʣͻƵʱ뷽ȫǶǵ
һĵ˵һӾܣܴ֮٣Ƿͬ
ֻϴ̫ߣһ޷Խȥһ󣬼ֱһģһһĿٺܱ䡣
ڣԷ˼ٶţҲڻʵӦģ֮ҲˮǴߡ
羡ͷͣ
ϧֻһ㡣ڵ飬ֻʣһ㣬ĻΪʵ壬̤µľ磬Ȼһȴ޷̤ȥ
֪ô£Ϊǲ˴۶ɣ˴Ӧ˶ĳɳ벻˴磬֮ǰʵȴǲ˴磬Բһ˿޷ͻơ
֮ţҪʵΪʱȻмĳȴҲԶ
淨գûɹκһš
ûκε٣淨ʹŵһ㣬ޱȵĿ£Ȼûô
ҡҡͷٲǰ뿪ֵ硣
һص磬ڷǰ޾ڰ֮УʹǷҲĸоĴڡ
ǣġ
ļģΪδԵʣԺ󾳽𽥽ҿ֮صɴ
ɹˡ
һ̣Χĺڰ·ǻ˹ޱ޼ʵ֮Ӿӿʼʼ½ռ
ͬʱӾͶһڰڡ
Ϸ麣ͻ죬ҲͶһɫһɫĹַ
ɫˮʼ½ϵĻ֮ӿ˷ڡ
Ĵʼ˶ԷĹע֮ǰļޱ׾ٵĴƣ¾󣬷Գٶ
֮󣬵һƽϢ̤˶ľ



1103 ռҵļ
޾ա
بеĺɫãȻζ£»عƽ
һ죬Ӻɫ˳վſڣĿɨ޾գȻܿҰޣ㹻жϡ
ܰȫ΢΢ס
£ɫһֱͣԿڼûԶĴİڣ޾յΣգԼɫõĲۣǽµʱ䣬ⶼᱻֵĻ̫ˡ
ЩˣǸ֪ҵĴڣ˵Ĵ磬δ֪ذƷĿģܽ޾յָʱڣƽĳǵвǣơƶ
Ȼûע⵽Ҳüתƣͣڴ˵ء
׼ھͻĴ磬֮ǰҪȥһط
ĴϢÿʱÿ̶ڵȥ볹ʧвʱ䣬ǰʱ֮ɳӰʱٶ²ȫתǰ꣬ڻнһʱ䡣
뵽ûԥת˺ɫã΢ʱٶȿͨռŻصռ䡣
ͨϣָ㣬һҺɳû֮š
һ̣硣
ǰңǾ粻ƿز̫ǿȴǣ̫ٻˡŴﻺֵ̫ٻ𣬷૵
ͻƵľ󣬷ԸоԼǰǿ˲֪١
ڵľ壬ܹƿظΪǿţƿӡ̵ĵر
ֻƵ̫ǿ˱ԴǲһĵرܳܵģȻ̫ٻؾйһν۷弶𣬵Ҫӡƣȴ˲١
ɲϣ̫ٻЩĵرĺ󳾡
̫ٻĵȽǵ֮ܽʱʵܵķӳ
̫ٻȻ磬㹻ĽѪ̫ٻֹļȡ
֮ͨŵҲõģɫڵʧ
һɫӷָ⸡֣ΧһжʱǱ峺ɽȪϴ˵͸
켶֮۾ȳ»Ҫǿ٣̫ٻٺò
ǵϢɢ̶ȣ˾
º󣬻عĴ硣

Ĵ硣
ĺɫϣһ޴ޱȵĵգ洣һ۳ǡ
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ʱƽĳڣһཨռڣĹâһϴǿɷʢӴ߳
ӴɷߣΧ¶ȶֱ½
ͨͨ
ڴ󸽽ӻֻе˫һ̱˵ϣǿҵĿ־֮ɫ
һĻʢü
ռҵ֮ӣƾĵɥһЦӭ
Ȼǿװ򶨣ŵľɫԶ׼Ҳ⵽˳ֻҪڵصҪǿ١
硣ʢˣͷʾ¡
մսϵɱ⻹ûƽϢʢ˵仰˵꣬ϵɱƽϢΧ¶Ҳָ
ӣղ
ǹ貽ĸ߲㣬ǿҲλȨأֻղܾ֪ԼǼȥˡ
˺ͷĶȻģǽȴһС䣬Ժ칬һصĴȻùΪ֮һղԼǵ˺칬ᱻǨŭ
Ȼǹ貽߲㣬߲Ǹչϸ߲ıԵˣǲ̫ӵģǸΪһղͺ칬ͻղҲ֪Լĳʵ貽߲㣬ѾǼˣٽһ
ټռĴ緢չãղĶǸɴǵǵְĴ磬ʱȷҪ硣
ղӪͳɾͣʱռڵĵλҲǲͣȻʢȫûȵġ
Ͳһˡղ˵
ʢ˵ͷλǲμռҵļ顣

ռҡ
ٿʢԼλϣ˵ķԣһʲô£Ҳڼܲμӵˣ޲ռҵҪ
ȵһ˵ºղվ
λҪ˵һǳҪ鱨ڷ
䣬նȻһ䣬ĳɱʢҲֱӣ¶ɱ⡣
ֶռ˵˵ǿ̹ġ
֮⣬ҧгݣԴռҵĵλһǧɣȻܲμӼ飬Ǻǰ֮Ҳھ޴ʧ£޵˹
˵ʢ
ǡղɫһǶ֪ĴǷһƴĽǣмƽĳ⣬ĪвǵΪ÷ݣЩʧȥǵģҿĴΪǱ
⼸Ĵ繥ƺܴ˭֪һ㣬ǺǷʲôϵһʵ
԰꣬ҽͻ˵ղƷΪĴĶ⼸Ҷȥȫ飬ڿϣĴıͿĪĹϵ
ǣʢ΢ʱսǵˣԷȷʵǷǳķ
ҷѾĻ̽ϢǰǷһΪصıʣǱ˿ǣɱĴǿذƷ壬ǵĴŭ񱨸ղЩԵãҪ̽ĴϢǺεȼѣ¹ذƷĴ
Һ֪˭ôı£Ǽ飬ܴɱǵǿޣĴķӦӦһߵġ
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ǳѡʢЩͣղ˵ȤңҲû˿գӦ˵һᶼûС
˼ʹǺذƷͬھҲǳ˲𡣡
ʢ⻰һ˶ʱû˵ˣв˶¶֮ɫʢ죬˵ûһᣬȻˡ
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˵ʢ
ղ˵ͷǣɳ֣ȥӴΨһĿߣҲǱذƷһλǿߣ˾Ƥӵ£ǿɱذƷ壬λҲ˱𡣡
˵Ҳɣҵôһ˵ӰһżȻĻᣬλ쿴ˣʱŭ˼㣬һҧɱذƷľӰеˡ
ˣȫ˽Ļղ΢΢һЦҲӣֱ˵˴𰸡
ǸˣǷ



1104 


ռҵȫ¶֮ɫʢΪ֮ݡ
ռͨӰȻҲĽȻռҸе𾪡
ôģʵҲ֪Ƿûղ˵
λһ룬ͷôãΪʲôһֱûгɹΪĴ˲ӣΪǵڲìܣҪץ˷Ѳɻܴʮʱ֮ɳ𣿶ǵӰֺޣСһֱң⣬ȴһǧѷĺûᣬǷǺε޴ȥɱذƷ塣
ղ̲סЦ
ֻҪǰϢȥĴķŭһû֮б´ӿߣ֣ǽ֣ӣߵϣ͸һʧ
ûӽ޾գ˵ȴģֻ·һ
˵۾
СһҪ֮ءݺһȭϣֻеޱȿ⡣
ʢ˵ͷ
Ȳ˵ռܵʧշٺȫϣҷǱҲ˾壬֮λʱһ죬ھȻˣηɳȥռҵ֮֡
ΣҪɱ
ˣȥǷˣһ˻ʲô۵ġһ׵߻˻̸̸֣δ֮ĴĹӦûŻҲ˳ȥˣɳ׳塣
һǼ׳δ͸ǰս̫ңȻҷųȥĴ϶ȫȥҷǶĺʱ
Ĵ罫ռҵ֮أԺػԪ磬ȻܳΪްԵʵܵһλʥ
ռҵȫ˶δ֮Уƺռ۷һ졣

Ĵӿ֪ɱذƷֺ󣬲˶ŭǿǵˣȫ
Ҳ˶ԷͣȸǾ˵һʱ֮ɳԶռҵ͡
һʱ䣬Ĵ𶯣ִ¡
׳ǡ
λƽĳΧԵһСǣƽĳǵ˿ƣΪԿĴǰ֮һ
ʲôĴƽĳͣһһ¥洫
棬ʮһˣĻϳʮһһ֮Ե׵ˣǺйηɡ
ʱģηɱˡ
һıȽǰرĽٵ֮ЩʯڣҪάһŵȻ׾١
ȴһʱ䣬ηҲûмȥֱӴ޾սĴ硣
ΪϢδתԵʣ⵽Ĵ׷ɱòװǿУһ·ƽĳǣ֪˾˵Ϣ
꣬㡣һСɫ䣬æסηɵ졣
뺦ĴƽĳǶǷ֪ǺǷйһϵ϶鷳ɲԪ硣
ǸǸʧ̬ˡηҲӦǸ
ˣ᲻ͬͬգܺ칬Щ˵ʱ򣬻죬ģԶֹ˰һ˵
Ѿ˵飬֪͵ݺԵɡ
ɱģĴǿްȻܹǿţǿ϶ȥ
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Ҫ֪ǵʱǿǺͷֵİ˵ɽԵʣҲ޲Ϊʵ㣬ҪĻֻǣŻûֹɽ
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ηɵ˶ʱû˵ˡ
Ҫ˵ͬòһģһǼʵ̫ãĴķʮа˾ž֪ˡ
뵽ʱǾܾ˷ж֪ʲôζ
ˣΪ֮ƣȸϵƽĳǰɡӳҪκ֪ʶзģ֦
ʵϣҲʵη⣬˶ֻһ棬Ľ顣
˶ǵ˵ͷ
Ȼû뵽ǣƫƫԸΥ
~
ű˴һϣʱ飬ˡ
һһӣƬɷ飬ҲǸһĨݡ
վڰſڣĿӸµɨˣηɵ˴üͷⲻǼɵģ걳󾲾һλͷߣϵϢֲ֮ηɵ˺Ȼɫ䡣
˵ղᵽʶߵɫ
ɫ䣬ʲôʲô
磬ǷϻʲôȫúһͶ֪ˡұߵĻ¶һЦ
˵Ϊֱðݡ
֪˭ɫһҪ˵ǵȴϡ
ʲô⣬깽ĳİèҲʸ֣ǣһԣƽĳǣռҵĵϣҲţǻҲſš
ηɵ˵ĳǶˣ˲Ҳ׼ǽȫƾԼϲá
ǺεݣҪץס裬¶Ҳһĳ衣
ߡͻȻһ͵еһöʯһâʱסʮһˣ˲ʧ
СŲƷе국һԵĹͷߣ׷𣿡
λӾܷģСŲƷãЩϵϢûתȫ׾׷ϡͷߵ
ߡ뿪
׳ʮĵطηһˣռҵ˸׷ϣۼ޷ѣֻѡս
ȻսĽȴǾͻֱ꣬ںͳڣ𲻴󣬵ǹͷȴ۷壬ǽӽ죬ʵԶԶǣʹǶǳȻԶǶ֡
~
ڷһȭУСȥͷڵ֪
Ҳûõȥ˴ˡ
ҲˡһֻŲӵͷϣЦĲ
ηɫҰףҡҡ׹
աὫռң𡣡ηĶˡ
ʲôƨƿڴȴɫ΢䣺졣
ʮһ棬ηɵˣ죬ǿʥ
֮࣬ҲȻһּȵĿ⣬˰ԪĻռռңʲô
ˮתȴһԼ裬Լ
úеޱʹ졣
ҲȻηˣǾͱˣһȥռҾд鷳ˡ
Ҳû֪ηɵ˵ԼɱΣʱĴһҲˣ˭ҲҲ
ηɺһͨ紫ȵƽĳǣ껹˼Ȼۡ
Сܣɱǡ
һ㶣Ͼ¶Цµ𽥼Ӵ
ʱ
ͻȻ䣬˲ԶնȻѿһѺۣ˳ֵһ̣ױȵĿֲϢս



1105 ֮
ֲϯأ˶һִĸо
˿ͻȻƿ̥Ĥֵķ
ռҵĴУϲ
ֻҪһۣǾȷֲϢˣǷɡ
һ̣ͻһ֮ǰĲͲһǳ׵˵ȫ亹
ǺεȻռҽ֮ǣ˭Ҳ޷ϣĿ¡
նλǿߣǱǣɱĴǿޣ˾󼰵ģռɫʢڷ͵ʱҲʸûС
ͷһһҶһͻоǿ־壬Եʢʱ򣬶ѹ
ͻȻֵķηȫɵסˡ
ǰķӡеķһģһǴĸоȴǽȻͬͷ·ǳʵľ񽣣ǡ
ηɣ
Ҳηɣˣ鲻΢
ط꣬ҲǳԤϡ
ȫһɺϣ󣬷׼˷ʱ䣬ֱƿ̥ĤƽĳǵĵƫȻǷǳĴ󣬷Ҳ޷³ԼһԼ
֪ǰϵһĻ
ô⡭ü麣ֵηɵ˵Ķһ֪ĴҲûǣû뵽¼档
һ۾ͿηɵϵϢûת꣬ȻǸĴ粻ãηǵĴƣһ㶼⣬ȻԵɺϵĳҪסηɵ˵׾١
ôţеġ
ǣЩԳռңΪᵽ֣ǡηɾѹ֮ɫ
ȻĴľˣڵľƣǷǳü˵ƿڶԷУˣηɲķ䣬ȴķ޷ǡ
Ͼռ˵ʵҲսһǣ
ԭռҵˡ¶֮ɫһʶΪĴ׷ɱ֪Ȼռҡ
ηɵˣȫǱˡ
ܺãǵĵӺܴҵѶҶĮĿˡ
𡭡𶯡һ
ӣֻҪһߵԴͻϰѿڷ
վ𶯡㲻󡭡ĻȻ˵вĻȥΪ׺ݣ΢΢Ľţȴ޲˵ڵǶô־塣
֮ǰ׺ݣԶǿǰȴС
ĮĿ˻һۡ
Ҫ˵ʮһ棬нֻηɰˣһ֮Եǵ
۾ǿסеĿ־壬ɫƶһԲѵŮԣżҲǵಿλ
ԣ㲻ԼǰĻͲҪΪץ˷İѱеĿ־ͽҲѸٵȥʱٿͲǸƵģˡ
ģǲҪֻҪߣȷȫͻǻұ֤ǲܵκ˺ϾֻռҵС䣬ɱ˵һ嶼ûУǰɡ
һߣ͹ͷҲŵĿŷ
ܲĽ顣
ϧ˴в
ռ˸ո¶ϲ֮ɫͱȡ
֡ɫ͵ش𣬽Ҳ͵ҪŮӵࡣ
ҲǺԥĶ֣ۿҪӵԴȱ
ǰҲжֵʸ񣿡
ƽ
һǹȻŹֳ絹Ӱ
ͬʱռҵ˸оһɿޱȵȻסǣһ¶ѡ
ľ󣬷ʵǿĲ˼顣
ղţǶǳͽλǿѹˡ
ٶǳϾǳֵһᣬȻͻƵľǳͣһĿ£Ҳչֳ
ľǳȻӵţȫǷ磬麣ͻǳһ磬ʣİڣȫͨ硣
ոսռסģǳ
ĿǰΪֹֻĿǳͣͨǳϵǿ˵ϺãҲֻдǳ󣬲ˡ

ռ־壬ᣬĮǳγɵʼŤתеռ˵ʱŤ˹ĳ̶ȣʹ࣬ͷѵѪҺ͸
~
˵·Ʋ㣬ܿͱŤ飬ǽߵˣȴǺˡ
ηɵȫĿɿڴ֪ǱߺĴͺѾ֪ȣʵԶȴҲû뵽Ȼǿ̶ֳȡ
Ӷûжһ£ǿ˶Էһۣ˾ͱ顣
Ǻεʵ
ʹηɣˣݣܽӴǿߣҲǸеޱȵ𺳡
һӣ˶ĹףѾǲһˡ
ȾˡηƺлҪ˵
ηɵ˵ͷкü˶˼أռץڣüˣûˣǲеĴˡ
Ƭ̺
һЩҩ϶˵Ѫɫη˹
ЩѣһûйǱģǵĲСĴŭ˷Ͼ֮ǰ麣ʱ㲻Ѻá
û뵽Ȼ¼棬Ƕлˣǿ϶׶༪١ηɸм
ԷûʲôԹޣϾռҵϣΪԼСģֲ˱ˡ
˽̸һ󣬶ηɵ˵Ҳһ˽⡣
֣ʶһȰǱĴĻˮΪã뿪ɣܸӡûã뿪֮ǰǽ˼䣬Ĵ
֮ηɶʱ
û뵽ĴȻ˸ӣЩĿ֮£һĽƽĳǶᱻΪƽء
ʱЩ߾ͻἫΣգϵϢûת꣬͸ҹөĿ޿ӡ
ηȻʧ
ǱĿˣȴҪ
Ľ˭ǿ˭룬η̲סʵ
ҺĽû˵ĽɨǸͨǿ̬
ĬƬ̺󣬷侲ش
ĴڣҲĶ֣ʵѾﵽ졣



1106 ռ
졣
ηͫ׼
ΪˣǺεȿ£Ͳһġ
귽仰η̾ʹһвʵʵ뷨ʹĴ簲δܴܲﵽ춼Ǹδ֪˵ɱĽ߸һˡ
̫ˡ뵽տʼĿ꣬ԼҰģη̲סҡͷЦ
̬ҲΪ˵߸ĴģĿı䣬ĽǿҲ޹أռҺͻ뿪ҲĽ档
η˻ȥӷϢˡ
ͬĻ˵ǲţǷովһʵǿޱȣ˺ܿѡš
ţ
ڷ׼뿪֮ʣηٴ˻
ɻĿ˹ȥ
Ƕ뿪Ĵ磬Ļˮ֮ǰҶʲôط԰ﵽ㣬Ƕ֮ı𡣡ηɽ͵
ת˵ͷҲá
ôռңһֱڿ⡣
˵ֱɱȥô򵥡
ռƽĳǵĴҪûôףӲĻ¶Ҫֱƽĳǣ͸ǿ߶ϡ
ɲʲô⣬Ȼͻƺ󣬷ʵǿǰδеĵزҲһ̤֮ƽƽĳǣǶԷӪϳĽֻǳֺãҪǱ󶥼Ĵ
ô֮ߡ
һĵطǷڱƽĳǺĴͣһĻȻǿߴѣ̫
Ȼ壬ڽռ֮ǰ֦
ηɵԸȴһܺõĻᡣ
ȻɱȥǳˡЦ
ҪǴ̽ռҵһ鱨Ͷ򡣡ηɵˣ˵ԼҪ
û˾ܾ
ηɵ˻֮ãϾ֮ǰռǰǲ㱻ľǽռҺ޵˹ԸæҪҲΪҪԸռҵԵʡ

ƽĳǣռҡ
һڳĵڣǴʯĵط
ͻȻ
顣
һڼžĵ
ƿ𣬸𿴹ܴ˵صĶٶȸ˹
ʯ鿪˵ɫʱ䡣
Ϣܿ촫ղ
ղռȨȻʢǿߣҲռҵļǼڵһᣬղ
䣬лһǽӽ졣ղɫ䡣
ռܹŶʵĴҲżʱ䣬ʹʱ֮ɳʱӱôʱ䣬ĻʲôԵı仯ҪǱռͳΪԪĴˡ
Եɺ£ʢĴͻΪ죬ռʱ
ˣ仹һǽӽ죬ռ˵Ѿشʧˡ
ôᣬھƷŻˡղ벻ͨ£Ϣʢˡ
ϣֻǸ⡣
ղֻеһƬ

һɽϡ
ѶʯͻȻͷȥ
ռɳһ
Ϣηɴģһ𴫵Ϣ⣬ȫȥƽĳǣܵӣηɣˣһƽĳǾͻ˺Ĵ͵λ
Ȼ죬ݵλ˿ǿ߲Ǳǿĺô
̽ռҵϢҲôѡ
΢΢Ц
ڿǣôռҵ˺ܺõѡ
΢Ϊһ⣬˲뿪

սϡ
֧ڼҵս
һŮȫĴˣһ϶˲ʣǿ֧š
ǵĶֻˣȴѹǴ
Ĵţ˰УһЦ
˵ҲɣռϷ硣
ϿգӿǿϢȫ۷ǿߡ
Ȼռҵţʤһﰡ
ƽαֵĲȥӦͻƵһ۷ˡ
Ҹ÷
ͷ㣬Ժ󱲵ıʮ⡣
ϧûĻһ˻˵һ룬Ͼͱ죬΢΢ҡҡͷ
ʵЩνһҲǼǧ꣬ĻһˣȻǵȷʵҲһ
ռҲţСС;ͳΪǿߣЩҪǿ֪ٱֻϧռҲֻһˣǱʢԶ޷֮ȡ
ʱһͻȻɽսֳһ˵Ӱ
Ͽյע⵽ˡ
ãǷɫ䡣

ĿĮռҵλһۣûаֿǾͱֲŤһѪ
󣬷ĿϷ
ӡ˴󺧣æҪߣȴü
ֲ٣ֱӽΧգŤƬ
һʧ
Ǳµȫɵˡ
ǡǸˣǱ͵ķһ˼ѵ˿ĭɬ
죬ʲôû뿪Ϊ׵ٶ뿪
Сʱ
ʮһطռҵļλţԼǵıߣڷĿ»ΪѪ
£ûֵܵǳ֮
ңսݺᣬռҵǰһѪ
ʱƽĳڣռѾҳһš
~
һʯ𣬸ص˲Żȥ
ϢȥռҴ
һٶٻһһ߽ٿ顣
ģ˭ȻɥЩ󱲳֡һռҵԪ뷢ŭţŭ˼㡣
һȫռҵŰǵδ
ǿָЩ˵Уٳһ̵ģȴһȥڸǵͷ⡣
˭˭ռҵϷ׷ŭ
ռȻֲٳˣרռҵģȴȿ
ղɫ࣬о˿зĳζʱû˵ΪڵϢ
ͻȻĴѶʯ
ղæͷȥţ¶ŵɫ
λѾ˭ɱռҵˡղ͵վ
̰˶Ŀ𣬿ղȴ˵𰸡
Ƿɱǵˡղͳ˵
Ȼʱ̣ܶϾͣͱϳʱռҶС
֣ռ˵ֱǸجһ㡣
ôܣ֣ռҵ˵һӦǲţϾǿڱƽĳǺĴͣػﻹҳɱռҵˡ
ѵ³Ϊʸ֮ģǿ׷ɱ
ղģȴ˵Ц
ףʢɫ֪Ѱ˼ʲô
ηɣռһս顣
ͻȻ
һռ⴫˽



1107 Լս
ηɡ
֣ռҵ˷׷ɫ䡣
ǵȻ֪ˣź޾ƽĳǣҸһ죬ܵ˳ĽӼĿȻΪѯ֮Ͼ紫󱻻ٵĴҪϵ̫ѡ
ηԪˣǲ
⼸죬ƽĳֿȵ
ʲôռҺ޽ȻʵռԶԶûʸӴ
꿴̵λʥҲԱ
ս飿˭ս飿
ռҵɫЩÿԣη߲ơ
ʱʢˡ
ǣ
̾ӦȥҪηɴ˽
ȻηʢΪ죬ƽĳǵĸ֮һϺȣԽȥſӭӵ飬ռĴˮǴߣҲǱĸ˲٣ʲôԡ
ո
ηܾռ˵룬Ŀռҵһۡ
Ԫ粻ֵһСȴŰ赽˼㣬ɱѡ
ռҵżҿɸʲ𡣡ηɫ԰ףԶûȫָӼǺռҡ
ҵһս飬ûҪռҵĴš
վո֮⣬ηûκѹ˼
ΧѾһЩ˱˹ļۡУҲƿ˴ţ룬ܿηոսϢͻᴫƽĳǡ
սݺܼ򵥣ԼռҳһսȻûֵĻԼڳ棬һ˶ҪΪѼһռ֮˾ͻɱһֱǿϳսΪֹ
Ŷˣѵ֣з
˵仰ηɲмĿոķûֱͣ뿪
УװʲôװΪԪ𣿡ӭӵռ֮ɫѿǺܶηʲô
õ壬ηɽͨһԱҲռܵġ
֪ĵطǻںηɣĿ£Ҷηɶ־ڴȴǸһҲҡ
ոڣʢ˵ɫѾѿ˼㡣
ηɴĻ˵ս飬˵вڴڹ֮ͥ˵ģ˺ܶ࣬ò˶þͻᴫƽĳǡ
ռҪûκξٶͶˡ
ǲ֪һԱߵһɽʢŭµʢ˷ĩ
û뵽Ȼֵزɱǵˣһ˵ռս飬ֱǰԵ֮ûռҷ
˶ʢȴ
ʧ˼£ͻȻðҪռҾսɼʵ϶˲СĽղ֪⻰ϲǱ˵
ռҵϢΪ֮һϡ
ȻӷĳɳٶȣҲҲǾ岻ѣ˸ڼмͻƣǷڷϣȴδȷ
ò˵СȷʵռҵĴСһԪϳ
϶һİգҪԸʢĺԶʢЦȻô˵ȻҲԴ
ôʢһԵղۼıλֳӳɫ
ǳס̳Ļ˷ļˡղԥΪǲ֪
ηս飬ȴû˵Լսĵص㡣
֪ͱηɡ
ղмĿһۣץʣ治µ죿ηֻǴҲδ֪λá
ô죿һӱȽϼԪʵ
϶ҪɱؼųͷˣϻͣǵҲۣǱߵһʱ֮ɳۺġղЦȻԼǾͳȫ
СĿս飬Ǳǣʩѹ𣬿Ըǣűߣú֪ܶǾͰһѣø֪ˣȥҷ鷳
ǣֻҪں֮ˣСʵЩȥǰ棬Ҳĵϸ
ղĻ˵˷׷׵ͷǶԸõİ취
Ҳɳˣӣñ˵СӡһԪϵ
С
ռҵ˶ǴЦʢ΢΢ͷ
ȻģܹɵһҲǺ£Ͼĵ˻Ĵ磬ڷǿռ̤ʯˡ
ռҵĿƶ£ƽĳǸϢٶȣĴ硣
ǡ
~
ǰʯذŭĵķ飬ɫ˼㡣
Ҫ
ޱȵ



1108 º
ģԶԶֹǡ
һʱ֮ɳջ󣬿ûס
Ĵڣһʱӿ֪߸ϣԭѾ𽥷Żı߽ش̱Ľ
֪Щ˴󲿷ֶǳŷģƽĳǴΪš
һɽۣ֮Աһ·ŵ⣬·һӴʤա
ƽĳ⣬ľºҲĴʤ֮һ
ռ֮ɱȫɱ󣬷˾ºҲս
ȴռҵ˵
ҳֵϢ£ǰ𣿡ŸոյϢЦ
ı仯֮⡣
ӦҲܼ򵥡
ͬͨ£˵ԼרΪռҶ
ηɵ˵İҪ쵽һ㣬Ҳ¡
ұûŪ˴ĶȻѾʵˣкξ塣
ĵȴᣬ֪ỨѶʱ䣬ϵĽĻǾͲðˣ˷ѡɴԼս
ͬʱ뾵ºһ֣ʮһ
û뵽ô׾Ƿ˷ֵǣɻڴʱˡЩ˵о̰Ϳϲ
ʵҪҵףΪŴߵϢǳŨء
ֻҪɵ˴ˣǾܻһʱ֮ɳ˵ӡΪ׵е˷ܡ
ǣⷽǱɱذƷ壬²ǺöԸˡһԥ
ʲô󣬶ҲбֻҪ
ΪӵȰ˵˵Ŀⶼᶨ
֡
ʮ˴Ӳ˳ǵٶȣ˲ܿԽɱǰ
Ȼǳֵ˲䣬ɽϣĿ˹
á
Щ˵ɫ̴䣬ǸоŷĿܵһǹҲȻ𣬽ţһɿֲĳϣͬʱʼŤ
~
û˿ֿأʮֱӱŤһƬѪ֮ء
ƽջĿ⣬º»ָƽ
ºԡ
꽫һĻ۵ףǶηɵѣһСһǰߵַֽ߽
ھºԼսռң飬붼ü˲Լͬ׼һԹߡ
ʮһˣĴЩǲԡʮ˻ΪѪʧַЦ
˻õģǰ澹ȻнǱͷԣҲ룬ܴӿɱ˺ѣܶԸ𣿡Ҳ
治֪ڵʵ˺̶ֳȡַʤп
˶£ֻΪֹûܱƳǿʵµˣǳ󶼵ס죬ǳǿˣĻ׳֡
ǳľû˵
˿Ŀ⣬ǳ˳羴ⲻΪǣΪʵ
ЩˣڸԵϵУǴʱľ磬ԼʵѾеľšˣҲ԰ʱǸһȣȴʲôǰ
ľʵǼĵޡ
ͬˣиʵѾƵǵеˡ
ʣʹڵؽ磬ġĽ
ȻǵĲ²⣬Ϊǲûȥؽ硣

ھºϢܿ촫˳ȥԽԽ˴˷ӿ
ֻĿãʮ嶯ˣڷĿ»ΪѪһĻ˶侲
ǿԶԶǵ
һһŮվ֮ϣңңžºߡ
Ů壬â֣ģֻϡжԱǾվȴģӦ
мɢſֲˣηĿŮ
ˣҪⷽѾɱĴˡһվ˳ǶŮʵ
ŮȻĴλŮؾĵǸеģǸϵĵڶ
εĶ֮󣬾λˡ
֣ڶЦһΪҪ֡
ⷽĿռңȻ֮乷ҧȻҪּɣܾˣǵĽ
ҪܾˣƽĳһĻǿζҪЦ
ȥκȥڶʢϢ޷ǵȥ̽ʵԸ
ǡ߹ԥ£ֻδػ



1109 
ذ죿
ڶüȻ֪⻰˼
ذƷĴ˵һʧһӹɵģذƷҲΪ֮ŭˣֻ֮Ļƴɺ߸Ҫ
վǵϣ޲ȥƶһѣ˫ܾˣĻȥֹ
ǣذƷذĵܵܣҷҲ֮飬ǲǿֹ
ȥɡ
ݲڹâУذƷ۷壬һԱҲܺ棬ʵ
Ŀ⴩͸գ˾ºԵķ
ԷһֱĴ档
Ҳãףǲæųֵԭ򡣡ڶ£Ӧ
ͬʱ
һ
վһ߷֮ϣңңžºӿǿĿֲϢĴĵڶ˱Ҳ˶١
ˣҪֹⳡ־𣿡һüͷƽĳǵĸ֮һɳ챤
ǲʶ֣Ȼռսѵ֪һʤ߶ԣһصĴ˲޴ɳ챤Ŀ䡣
˵ɫҲÿ
紫󱻻ٺǵӱͲùݲںģⷽǸһͷϸ˶еĹȣ
ƽĳǵļ֮䣬ͻ˴˼ĹϵҪ˵ܺǿ϶ǲʵģǶ˽ܣҲǰľƣ֪ǹؼʱڣǿĴ磬ƽĳ·ģǱŽпܶȹѹأ˶ԷںΪ˵ʹ
ʢʲô˵ϸһԳĬʢ
ԣʢȴ΢΢һЦû˵
⼸ƽĳǿ棬վмһӣƽĳǵĳԪһʥλǷ
ĴλѾˡƽĳĿƺ͸ңԶ룬λнš
˶һ͡
ֵ̫ռһǷĴһսĴķơ
ڼֹҲˡƽĳҡͷ
˶˼λȻǲԹ۵ģǶֵĻ˵վڷߡ
һãпܷչΪĴս
һĻƽĳǵˣĴˣϣġ
ƽĳ˵ǵʵĴ֮£ҪĻԳԿĴͬսϾƽĳǿĲ࣬ҪҲɱǧ˰˰١
ĴĵˣɲǰһĻ֮ЩҪʵȴĽأԾԵƣƽĳ𣬲ŷǵ档
һ򣬱˴˶пơ
ϸݺݶ㣬Ŀ⼸ҪԽңԶ룬ºԵķ˺顣
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ǸռҺ֮ĳԹֻһܽʢԥ
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ʢô˵ˣȻҲǿ˫Թ
Ǻǣ˵λ̫˰ɡʢˣͻȻЦϴŲ飺ҲһˣΪʲôֻҪɵʲô鶼ᷢ
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ˣǰⷽʵ죬ԲʢĶ֡ɳ챤΢Ц
ȻˣǾԤףʢնɱˡ
֡ƽĳͻȻɫ΢Ѿ˳ˣʢ㲻üҿⷽʲôٶҲ١
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һǰδеĿ־У͵ӿ㱼䣬ƺһȼŽɫݺն˹
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1110 ذ
һΪжٱ£Ҳˡ
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ܽڵǿߣ׵ɱȻӹŵԵʣǷʵСҲ۷塣
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ذԼĿ⣬˶ɣ˺⡣
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ţ
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Žɫ棬Աߵַס
ʵˣע⵽ذϵϢ֮ǰǿʢ˲١
淨ǧȫϳ淨δţӾƲ⣬Ҳܲ³һ
Ӱ죿ذüžûϡ
淨ľ裬һˣǿԼȻ޷ڻ淨ǿ£ذʵѾǿ˼ΪӽĵزҲзΪذƷ屨



1111 ޼֮
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ذ죬ǿߣսϣƽĳͼʶ
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һĻս˼Ҫ
Ȼһն飬ûܷϣɫǿ󣬿Ǵʱذ쾹Ȼ۳˳ǧѻɫ¼ʹ죬ᱻ˲ɱİɡ

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1112 ʢ
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ʩչ淨ذѾӽǿˣȻںͷսУʼնѹƣ׵ѹŴһԶԶϡ
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ΣΪãֻᵷңǿҲɱϸĿ䡣
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ţ
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Ȼǵһμ棬ϳ˶ԷȻ֮ǰذˣǵڶˡ
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˵ڶһۡ
ҲϣһΡ
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ʢ
ը죬һʱ쳹ȫǡ


Ĵ˷׷壬ƽĳǵҲڴʢܳúýѵһͨ
ƽĳ˶ޱʢ
ҳˡʢ
жٰգƽĳʵ
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1113 ηɵж
ƽĳǣռҡ
һȺڽĵȴϢռҵҲԪǿߡ
ºսռΪ˵һȻʾʢ⣬һЩǿߣͬղһǰºսǱߵʱʱĻᴫһЩϢ
ֻŷչʵղҲĽŲȫ񶼱һսȻ˼ƽĳߣٳûµϢ
ңռȻͫĿ淨ȾºǱûвãϷʢǿߣʵ̫ǿ淨ľԾͱ¶˳ӳռǰľģһƬʢԿ塣
ǼӾռ˵Ĳ
ô᣿ѵǷǿü˿ս
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λһͻȻ˵һĵꡣ
һ˵ʲô˳
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мĿ˳һۣһһǰºΪһˣǼ˵Ķ֣ҲĴ˿ռҲǺǵġ
Ԫϴ˳ȫһ
һڵĻ˵ȫӭе뷨
ҲҪȥ
ǾǣԸϢ
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ռҵ˶ʱ׷׸󣬴͵ĳǳأȥº
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У˱һĿĶһռΪ͵ʹʶˣӡҲ̣˱ηѡΪĿ꣬ǽһЩģ̾ͻᱻϤϳ
ռҵЩ΢һĶȫѪͷ뿪ƽĳǣٺ١˵Ц
ҲҿأǲĵģŻᱻóѣһ˵Ļ㷴ҪԿͷηɵ
˺ٺһЦҲ
ߣ񾡳ȫĻҿռӹһ١ηռҵķĿ䡣
Ϊռ֮˹ԵʣǶռǺ֮ǡ
ռһ㶼ͨԱ֮ʢˣռҹȻ֣֮վмĿܣȻηǲˬϾǺܿҪ뿪Ĵ磬ԺҲδлռҶĻҲǱ޳Ī
һʢԼǿߺӾռҾˣҸҪǶ֡
ƽĳڣռҲ˳۵ĴڣϾռԪСƽĳ棬Դڶ࣬Ȼôһƽ￴۵СԼͷϣȻ˲
⿴Դηǵ޼ɵ·񣬾֪ƽĳУռǺεҡĹУȻˣֻΪʢǿ󣬲űѹȥһʧȥ̣ռ̾ͻᱻ̵
ֻҪϷͿˡη

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ʲôԣ˵ɣõȻûлᡣʢ
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ŭһһɫʢУ·д
ִ̫ٻƽɫͫԼ裬޾Ĺâȣ˷ӿ
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ºϣ˺ݺײһ̫ٻɫ˲ͽٸغϣֲػºǻʱܵǰδеĳ



1114 ϫ
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һǻȻһԶԶ޷ֵ
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һֱ˳ס壬Ѫӿ
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淨۳һ֮Ĳ۳
Ĳһ޴żһ˽淨ѾǼˣû뵽ʢȻ˵Ĳ㣬ڶһʵӵľͲһˡ
ѹһֱģɱϸ˷ܵ
ʢı֣ʼն򶨣Ϊչֳʵݣ֮ǰǻЩ֣ȴˣԭڶ˿ˡ
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ڶüϣģǷʢܾˣһѹԵʵʤ
ʢĵڶһ˶Ϊˡ
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һƣڷǰ۳108ƣγһĪͼ
ơ
һһƣӡ̫ٻϡ
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һ̣ое̫ٻ𣬹ͨؼ޴ڵıԴ֮
ëȻĿֲϢסȫ˶ɲ
ȴûȥ˵뷨ԴӱԴ̫֮ٻ˾˵ı仯
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ڡ
˳ֻڣȻǱԴ̫ٻеĽӡϾ̫ٻԴǽڣӡҲ
ŽۣоǰδеǿӽӰϣԴԴӿ̫ٻڣ÷һֲйĸо
ͬʱʢĵڶҲǳɹۣ֮ӿţֲ۵ϡ
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ȥɡʢȵеɫݺն
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âӶ̫ٻһն
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ʢ¶֮ɫ
~
˫ཻʢ֮˲Ȼбļ̫ٻֱӶʢ塣



1115 Ҫսս
һƬž
Ŵ̫ͣٻ𶴴ʢ壬ûзӦ
ǳٶۣƱ仯̫Ѹ٣ʢռϷ磬ʩչ淨ɱǶʢľϫȽ˽ˣ͸ȷһ㣬Ȼʵǡǡ֮෴ͻȻԶʢʵ֮嶴ش
ƽĳǵļλǿߴľǶԷǿɱϸˣֱɵ·һ˦ϡ
ĴλҲ𾪡
ܵģʣռҵˡ
ܣô䣬ٵģһǼٵġռҵһԪ˫Ŀ񣬿ʢ屻˵·ʧȥˣֻʣһ߿տǡ
ռҵ˾󲿷ֶˣʧǣǸ޷ʵ
ռҵʢǲܵսĿɽ֧ȻʱΪ֧ȴҡҡ׹
ˣˡ
һ͸ıӿͷղ˸־壬ƺˣһŲȻĳ
~
ĲҽʢĿд˳˫Ŀ죬Ѫ˿ȾѪƽץס̫ٻҪڳ
Ȼһشʢû֮ڹؼʱ̣סʢһ㶼ܣҲͰˣΪµǣ̫ٻԴԴϵӿֲĸо·һֲ̫Ľɫ̫ٻڣҪٳɷɻҡ
ִ̫ٻ𣬲ֻнһСֽߣ󲿷ֽȴֱûգʢǰ
޼֮Կռã֮ľ뱻ֱŤ
ʢĶ¶һ˿Ц̫ٻԼƿأôܱʢγǴˡ
һҪ߶̫ٻ׷ʢ֮ɱ֮ʱ
ƽĳǺĴڴӼȵľлع
ˡƽĳŭһ͵˳žºķңңȥ
ӡ
һ޴ޱȵƳ˾ºϿգɢ˿ʢ֮ƣŷݺ¡
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Ĵ磬ӦˣȻǽ
~
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ɫӿֱʢǿѹ˻ȥȻ˸أٰ˱ɱΣ
ھºʹʮǻģֻһˡ
ڶջ̫ٻĿ˵ϣһΡ
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ţҶ֡
ڶϣģǷʢܾˣҲֵɣܣҲԹۡ
ҪɱˣûܹߡĮ
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ʱ
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â̫ٻ͵ػ𣬿ֲĹâʱڱأһƿգֱӽͷµľ޴ƺ˷顣
Զɽ壬ƽĳɫ䣬Ȼ˼̤µɽʱ顣
һĻϸɳ챤˶Ǵ󺧣Ѿ뵽ʢʵȻǿĲ˼飬û뵽Ȼǿֵز
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ʵĴݺ޵С
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۷ԾôԲݲݽءڶЦ
ʤѷ֣ûҪٴȥˡһ
ǿӰھºһ࣬ƽĳˣ뷽ڶγ˶š
սɣǶߣûҪڶֻҪԸǣƽĳǵĸһλáƽĳ
ʲô޲ܷµģɳ챤Ϻͷһ֮ԵȰ
շģʶ̧٣ʵǿǰѵΪϸĿ⺬ɷĽв
Ȼû˵ǵĶ˵˲ɷնɱʢ
Ĵļλ죬Ҳڵڶԡ
Ŀ䣬ɨˡ
ȻƽĳǺĴĳ㲻ͬ٣Ƕֹɱʢ
ǰδеľ޴˫ǿȻﵽʮˡ
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ǣ
ʮ죬ǺǿʵΪŵң
˵ս⣬ӷϷס̫ٻ𣬸оȼ
ҪսǾս
޾ɫԥĳ֣̫ٻΪһӰ˲նʮֲݺأݺնˣȫսš



1116 ɱʢ
һʱ䣬ƽĳǺĴˣȫ⵽˷Ĺ
ȼŻĳд̳ܣˡ
ʮǿߣͬʱϮ
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~
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ˣˡڶʧȥ侲ŵĽ
û뵽Ķ֡
ʮλ죬˭ҪǷȴûô
ƿ̫ٻ̶ֱõڶųһ亹
СϸС
̫ٻ𻮹Ȼܹǽ涸Ȼתݺݳϡ
ء
һ죬ϸ˶˵صףȻܿͷһˣһȻû˵ȴǰ档
~
ƽĳɫ԰ףһıˣ߷ݰ׷ɡ
~
̫ٻǣǿֱֲ˺ǻܵĹâ
ʮˣȫܵ˷Ĺء
˶ˡ
ǳǵԤϣֱҲûг׵ĻعԵ׼㣬ڷǿ󹥻̳һϸ
ûдѵõĻᣬץסǷӦʱȫԸ̫ٻӵ˼¡
ǻعǾûôôˣϾʮ죬˵ʵʢ֮ϡ
ֲޱȵؼݺᣬÿһ˶˽ȥ޼֮ڣ⹥κһˣȻĶʮˣǵڶȴоԼڵԷϵƣ޼֮ǰ·һ㡣
Ϸ۶ɵĽӰţŷԴԴϵļȡűԴ֮ĹâҲԽԽʢԽԽǿҡ
󣬽Ӱ·𶼻̫³ֲ࣬޾Ĺâ֮ÿһ䡣
Խսȥ̫ٻ֮ԽԽϣʵš
ֲ̫Źâųԣһٰ̣Ĵˣʹľ޴ֲֿ޷
~
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ͨ
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Ƶˡ
ǿԶԶǵԤϣһ뵽УǸеǰڣҪȥ
õȵԺڵķԽռҾ
ֱѹʮˣݺ޵УþϾʮλǿߣһʼû뵽˼ңȻ֣ű˸ֲ
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ͬһӪˣϷǷˣǣжӪˡ
ƽĳǺĴ磬ûֵĿܣǲԷ
ǻҪǣҪȫսһСĴ򵽱ˣ᲻ӪľսҪ֪˫ھģڻعȻЩš
ˣʮλǿվ̫ǿ˾ơ
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Ȼʱȴ¶һ˿Ц
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á
ڷֵ̧˲䣬ڶоȻǰδеΣУҲ룬ƴȥ
~
һ˲߻ʮǻķ飬ڶɫһӱĲ԰ſһѪо˼㡣
оԼеĻԻᱻشܱסһ¡
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ƫˡԣǸ򡣡ɫ䣬æķȥ
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һĿ꣬ʢ
˶ɵ
ΪѾˣʢûб룬ƽĳǵ˶ЩĴڣ֪ջǱɱˡ
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û˼ֵʹʹ޷ϸѾеһӣǷ
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һõڶ侲͵˸ɫĴ˻ˣѾ׼ȥˡ
ܶԸġ
ƽĳǵˣȻҲˣҪûҪΪһӣںͷģϾչֳʵ̫ˡ
˰ɡ
ƽĳҡҡͷƽĳǵҲȥ
ûжĿⶸȻղ˵λá
ַ˳˾ºԳ⣬һĿģǴ̽ռҵλá
Ŀղ̸뷨ȴѾˡ
ȻӶ̫ٻ𣬹ֱӿԽңԶ룬ղǰֲĻֱӽ˽ȥ
˵λãҲηɵ˴ǡǡǸոϵºΧ˵һռҵһҲն
ָ䣬ټռһҷʧȥʢڷǿǰռȫǲһ˲ͱ
ʱ򣬸뿪ˡ
΢һûա



1117 ȥ
ʧˡ
Ϣʧ˶¶֮ɫΪԼٶȷߵģһ޷ķʽ뿪ָоǴڹƵġ
ڳУֻλƽĳϡһЩߣ죬һǺ
һ֣Ҳ𾪲ѡ
ֻһ淨Ĳ򣬷ȻҲûͣǰȻʱ䣬طǳСһ죬ѾǷֲ˷ˡ
ѹϢǱǡ૵ˣɳΪĴˡ
һԣĴ˶ء
ˣܶԸҲǴ󶯸ɸʱ򡣡ڶҡҡͷ
Ȼ𾪣ȴھʧ룬Ͼ֮ϣһ޵еĽ
Ҳʶľ޴вȻѡ֣ǲһеĹڷɳ޷ʰ֮ǰɱ
һսֿ»䶯Ĵ磬ʷһǿ߲ʵ
ºһսעĴʷᡣ
ߡ
ڶɫѿһ˷ȥ
һǿߵȥº»ظƽߺĴ֮Ĵսûб


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ͻȻӰٷ˹ηɵˡ
֪Ϣת֮󣬽޾յĿֲηɵ˾űתϢ࣬뿪Ĵ硣
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ַȫ羴ĿŷĴ֮ǰǲ࣬ǽʱ䣬˫Ѿ֮
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м˾£һηæ͵Ҳǿ˷Ľ¶˾ġ
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Ĵ磬ǳΣգͦȥδһɾͣȻϣ϶ã
ˣռѾ군ˣƽĳµη˷ܵңǻͨҴ⣬ϣվƽĳһߣԸ⸶κδۣٺ٣ǵϣעҪˡ
׼뿪ϢûиˣƽĳȻ֪顣
ԷھºչֳʵҲֵǸȥ£ηҲ֡
˵ǿ߾ռңȻûüֵΪ˽÷ƽĳռҵһҲ
һ˵ַ˶˷ܣȻΪĹϵƽĳǵĵλҲˮǴߣõ˲ٺô
ºһս˰ʹ뿪ˣҲһֱĴ˵ηĽ˵
΢΢һЦЩǲô⡣
ˣ׼뿪ɡ˵
ָ΢Ҫƿ̥ĤȻһͣ͵̧ͷǰ
ôˣηɵɻǾһ
ηɵȻȫû뵽⣬ȻϢĿ
ɣĽ
ĽηǴʧɫĴǿߣʵԶԶǵĴڡ
һҵĿԣǰƿһ۵ӳǰȻûжǿǽվͳ統֮ġ
ӣǷĽ
ĿȥȻͬһˣǴʱĽǰͻϮǸͨĽмĲ죬ɫ԰ףʱʱһҵĿԣȥݺ޵еһ֮һò֮ˡ
ȻѹĴӽʱ䣬Ľʼû¶棬Ȼɹݻ˿紫󣬿Ǳ˲ùʱ䶼ûлָ
û뵽ԼĽʼĴ֮УԼһ̣Ϸ绯ипɫĽɱҵģ
⻰һηɵ˶ʱŵ˼㡣
ȴûжپɫ
ȫʢ״̬µĽʵȻԶǶ֣ƻûȬĽҪɱԼȴûôףҪصĴָۣʱơ
Ĵ˵ǺģΪ֮ЩԲؽ紫
ȻĽҡͷ
ҡȿȣֻȡһġĽŷذƷߵĶϣԭ
һ˵ʲô
һɫóǰ
ĽȻͷ
ɫãһ΢ͻأĴвСвĽԳջҲ֮١
²⣬ĽԭĿģδûԼ˼֪Լ׼뿪󣬾͸ı뷨ϾҪɱĴ̫
ҷ뿪ֻҪĴϢʧҲܽϾѾ졣
Ȼˣͷ뿪õѡ
㡣ûԥɫõĽⶫôѾ󣬷Ҳ׼ˡ
һɴľٶҲĽŻ
˾ٶ˵Ĳ׼Ĵˣ˫仯ûҪಫ
˵ʵû˵жԵĽҲԸôһǱ޵ǿߣ֪ܳɳһ
лĻϣǻΪѡĽ΢Ц
Ĵ磬ҲˣĽȴ뿪һʱ䡣
ϣɡÿɷ񣺡ǡ
̫ٻĸ֣һӣʱ̥Ĥηɵ˽ȥ
ĽһԿţʼնûг֡



1118 С
Ĵ֮⡣
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ηɵ˶ǺȻɫʱȴǲŲæ̫ٻһΧӿĻʱʧһƬȫ
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Ӷ̫ٻǿʵӲ޾пٳһȫͨ
ʱͨ类٣Щʯ޾пٳһȫĸݵأֻԶ޷һȣὨ紫ˡ
ˣҾ͵ɣ·ԼȥھǸȫݵػԶʱ򣬷ͣ
û׼ȥǡ
ΣĴΪЩļƻһӰ죬˭֪ǻôԴԼ
ȻΪйʯŵӰ죬ǿߵƺܴ󣬵ҲȥգϾĽǱشӻء
ȻˣǾʹ˱ˡηҲ⡣
ܻǵ御ˣΣյĵطѾȹΪϢתĲ࣬ǵʵ޾лǿ֧һģٹȥһξ룬ȡ
һѣ棬Ǹһġ룬˵һ飬İΣǺģֻʱԹ˲Ͼ
ȻĻͰұһƽȻҪȥĴ硣
η̴Ӧ
ҲʶģСæǾ֮͡
ڵʵȥһⶼûУʱԪĻҺȾơηЦ
ηɿȫȥ磬ʵʹڶ綼ˣҪ֪ռĴǰһ춼ûеġ
һ΢Ц
ηɵˣȻĽ밲ȫݵطΧ󣬷ʱռ䡣
ռ˲䣬µĿռ˲䱻ݻ١

ռ䡣
վͨϣ۾ĸ֪˴λá
ʱĲ˴磬Դ֮У֪֮ĵطĿǰΪֹ˷һ֮Ȩռ⣬ûκοͨİ취紫֮ģܶλ˴磬Ҳ޷
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յ˵Ҳ޷ȥˡ
ˣȷʵˣһ
һ֮ŴĽͲ˴֮ϵǿģֱ˴˼ϵޱȵĽܣλ÷ԽԴ֮صǵع顣
Ȼֻعķʽ϶ҪСĴۣҪò˴ǣıԴ
Բ˴ķչȻǺܲ˷ٶá
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Ҫԭ򣬻ǷֵĴ̫٣侭Ե뿪˴磬ʱû⣬ʱһȴ˴
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лѩתݣû˸˵ҷҲһЩֻҪڲ˴磬û˵ġ
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Щ̫Ҫˣǣ˵ǳߣһ̲ס˵
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ۿҪ֮£ͻȻֲޱȵȻ٣ѹڵȫ
һӰͻȻлѩԣһ֣ʱɫұ䣬Ѫɳȥ



1119 ص
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ͬڵ㣬ֱײһײķ顣
˶Ǵ󺧡
ǽ˭бô˵

лѩϲ֪̾Ƿˣְĵĸоܣǰδеɡ
ˡǵ˶Ǵϲ෴ڵɫҰ׵˼㡣
ʱǲʶԼ˺εȴ¡
û뵽ֻǲô֣С΢΢һЦлѩ˵ûڵһۡ
һֳڣϵѹȻ䱩
~
ȫѹĹ˵ϣ亹ȫǸоڷ죬·ʱ
û⣬ǽ𣬻Ǻ졣
֮ʶˣڵˣǺڵ˼㡣
ġһڵĸ߲
ʱתͷڵˣעĿڵѹ˶ֲѹſڵϣһˡ
ֵ˭
ˣǸæվ˳㿴ŷȺеһָ˳
ĿȥǸ˶ʱԶƯĿ£ֱӱһƬѪ
ڵ˶ǿ־嵽˼㣬ΨֲϺ˵ĺ󳾡
û̫ϣһ⡣
䣬ڵˣλȫ³һѪήһ˲䣬ǵʵͱϵˡ
˶㣬¡¡ľУµĴ̱鿪գۼ䣬ڵӴɽţͱ׵Ϊƽء
ǵ˶𺳵˼㣬͵飬ܡ
һЩڱģΪңЦһָӳâȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ŷǳңԶļطܵ޲Ĺ
պ½ǿűĹâٵԱʵϵϢ˲˴硣
˶ǴΪ֣һ̣ʶˣһ֮Լ棬Ƕôǿȫġ
ȻҲֻзˣΪĵһ
ĽʹȨûܵӰ죬Ҳ޷ĵز
ˣȻҪͷʹһЩУлѩſˮ
Լȡɣǿ߻סҡͷЦ
Լģһûʲô˼ˡлѩԼ뷨
΢΢ͷлѩȤ
ʵϣлѩȴȷģȻҪʱԺɳǲǿ󣬼ʹʱ뿪Ҳѹ˴磬κ⡣
ڲ˴˼Ӻ󣬷лѩ˹һ¡
ʲôҪص򣿡лѩԾ
ţ˭һȥ˵ͷ
лѩ¶Ķ֮ɫڵɳģ˴ãȴҲȡ˵еλá
ֻ˴Դӣ˷⣬뿪
ȥȥȸԾֻҪߣȥģԸ⡣
лѩҲðɣһ
λص򣬷׼϶ˣ˻ؼ⣬һĿġ
⣬ҲҪǵļ磬Ƿı֮½ݲóһ⡣
ȥ֮ǰ׼ȽܴڵΣ
ʵϣһֱһɻ
Ǿǣ굽Ǵģ
ǰʵСʱ򣬷ûоʲôԣʵԽԽǿ󣬶Ҳ˸ʶ󣬷Ͳɻ
ӷõļ棬Ӧһ磬ǵΧûһ硣
벽ܵʵҪһ֪ôңԶĴ磬ֱӴͲܣϵѶȣ޾յĿ£Խɱˡ
Ҫ֪л׹磬ҲΪ޾׷ӡ
ʵȻԶ޷ȡ
ҷõļ棬Ҳ뿪ڵĴ󣬺ܿ͵˵
֮󣬷ɣڵǸ磬Դӣλڵ򸽽²ܿͱų
δĴ󣬷ȴǲһ뷨
Ǿǣؾ
û´Ļ򸽽Ӧһؾһ磬Եɺ£ؾĳڣ˵Ȼ󱻷õ
˵ģǷͱ뽫ǸؾҳŪϾһȶء

ڷ˾Χʱ
һ˶ҳĲ
üͷĿڲڹžɵ鼮ɨֵġ
ͻȻ
ƺǲȵһһײԱߵһϣʱƬĻҳ
ͨ~
һصͷϣ겪ȻŭһƽⱾƬȻû뵽ǣһŷƵֽŴֽƮ˳
۾һȻһƶٲɼǷæֽĿȥһּʱԾ
ţ򣬴˵



1120 
ȵȣ˵
͵һ飬ƾҲжŵɫһϸϸĿһ飬ȷԼûпҲûۻ϶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
û뵽û뵽Ҳʱתһ죬һд˵磬̲סЦԼ
̫̺ľ޴ֵˡ
һ⵽磬ۼֵԶԶڵңһȥĻ»Ϊ֮
Ҫת޵ޡһ˲䣬¶˾ģôһڣߵ޵ĵ·һƬ̹;
侲Ҫ侲ܸܲκˣֻҡӿΪҰĵҵĵµλ֪ǸĴڣԲֵͷϡ
ԼĴԵôĽȥ
û뵽ɣ飬Ҫңҷ䵽ʽưܲҪңȴһĻԵװ͵ϡ˵Ŀ⡣
Ҿ൱ŵģǱжûʲôֵĶ
֪ɳвҹ鰡
ŻֽһС֣صݺ٣˲󣬽ɵ鼮ȫ飬ҳ˼ŻֽȻƴҲȫѾʮ֮߰˵ˡ
æ
Ƭ̺ҲŪȥ
ЩֽһܾǰͱС壬صݲֻ࣬ܲ²⣬ӦǸСˣԵɺ£Ǹе磬Ȼ֮
ȻǸСʵ޷׼ȷжϳںܳһʱǶоǸ磬ǵóۺ˶ˡ
ǸԶʱھȻһֻ˵
СȫϲȻ׼ٽʱȴ콵ֻһԶǿһҹ֮䱻塣
ΣͷСļѼ˵ϢһЩ鼮棬˴ȥϣδ֪ǻǵ͹Ǹûһӳȥȫû
ǸСһʯ󺣣Сһжߣһ濴ȥ쳣鼮
ղ֪˶֣鼮еĴ󲿷ֱҵһдأ⴦ʽ
ԭˣǸС廹ǵùǵùĺôҲ䵽ϡ
ڵڣȥô꣬Ǹе磬ûٱ˷֣
ЩļȲҪȥֻӻֽϼصݣ޷ֻܵȴռѷֵĻᴩȥ
ҲǸСһֱչԭ
ռѷ죬ţºͻģ֣Ҿ£˳׼õ޵ϵɣҵ֮·º󡣡

г̺ڲ˴˼죬лѩͨռڵ֮ţص˵
ʱĵ򣬺ǰȣ췭ظı仯ĴСԭ౶ԣеˣ²Ҳ彡ɻһꡣ
տʼ죬Ůݷѣڵ档
еĶȹ˼󣬷ͿʼѰؾڡ
ѣȥ˵Ļ֪ʲôʱܻ˿϶аźһЩ顣
ı֮½ڷľ۷ǰ֮½ǲʧġ
ڶľ֮󣬱֮½ûôˣתɲǱ֮½ƶġ
ؾĴڲͬȻûԴ֮ô֪ҪҳҲףҪҵڲС
տʼʱ򣬷ڵѰңʮʱ䣬߱˵ÿһ䣬ϸϸ̽飬ȴһ
󣬷С磬Ҳ޹
£ֻ߽޾գڵ򸽽޾Ѱǵ޾֧ŵļޣΧ϶Ȼ÷ʧǣұÿһȴҲûзؾڡ
ѵ˵ҵĲ²Ǵģ򸽽ûؾ˵ҪһڲŻ֡

ؾȻûô׷֣ƽĳͷؾˡ
ȻʱûгɹҲļǴ⣬нûȥ硣
ʱپãҲȵ
˵򸽽ܴڵؾ⣬һ£Ҳ÷⡣
ǾǶ̹⡣
ʱ˺ִ˵صʹڵķҲеĥ͸
ʱΪ̹ԴӦһǿĵرֻʱķǳСû֮ߡ
֮ǿҪ̹ʱȴʧˣǴûгֹƵģҲҲټ·ǱҲûзκζߡ
ɣص̹⣬˵͵򸽽ؾйء



1121 
ȻǽǷĲ²⣬ûʲô֤ݣؾ״治ڣҲûʮİա
ʱ䣬лѩŮڵ⣬ǲ淨Լȴţؾǿܴڵڳ֡
һζ
ģٺʡ
صͻȻϢĳһĿռѷ죬Χʯڿռѷֵ˲䣬̾ͱɣճһƬռ䡣
һӰӿռѷдǱֵײΧʯϣŨصѪζ̴⴦ռ䡣
Խռѷ쵽ģ
ҡڹˡſڵϴϢţ˷ܣȻƺأһ㶼⡣
Խռѷ첻һ˶ܰ쵽ģ侳ʵ˼ʹ׼ȻǾһ
ȻڵصǶһ侳˵ȴûκвֻҪԸ⣬ȫ˲俪ٳһ·ֱͨ棬ȻôΪ֪Ҳ󶯸ɸꡣ
ȵϵƻָһЩĿٳһͨ˵档
Ũһʿˣϵʹȣ˶١
ѵ˵һ磿˼㡣
ļ죬ٶ˽˵ϲǣϸûʲôǿߡ
еҪСڣڲ˴磬ҷܾǰûˣͲ֪ʵΪԼڵܵС
һԣ磬˵Ҫǣûƥе
һķⰡ
סˣû뵽ԼȻõֵزϵڱһ
ӽҾǵߡЦеҰ
ҵʱݺܾܵͣʹѹڵûѹ
Сһķǳ񣬷ԼҰĺ
ھ
չ޵еõ򳼷ңʱʲô͸ʲôţʹӵǿɡܿ˼ƻ
ǿȻС
С
еϿգǿɢݳסС
~
ֲ٣ɲǼ䣬ҳһţ˶ѹ˵ϣãĶ˿־塣
ˣסҵ֣ӽҾΨһ顣ſ˫ۣ·Ǹ߸ϵ飬ŵϵǡ
Уνǿ߷ңΪūǼ̾ͻ
Įеÿһ䡣
ţ
еʱСڣɫ΢
ͨ磬Ȼû־ͽԷʵڵϵ飬Ҳ֮ǰСȻˣǻû£ͷԼ̾;˷
ļһü
Сڣ侳ǿˣЩǲڵϳֵģҲ˵ԷԵ֮⡣
ʲô£棬лѩȵ
һС¡ЦЦĵ˵ָʱһƿնֱӻС͵֮ϣ˲Ͽա
ʲôȻ̧ͷʧɫ
һֻ޴ƳϷһգոջΪһ㷴ضûУͱƽ߬סԭʧ
ڣЩѹڵϵ˷׷վղŷ£Ǹоһ
ϳһ侳֣ʵ˲ܽ޾գѵ˵ؾûиоκ쳣
¶˼֮ɫѰ÷Щ衣
ѩ뿪һ¡վ
ȷʱѾŵĻ겻塣
ζû뵽ϾȻ˿ֲǿߣֻ̺
ôôʧǣһصģ
һ˳ǷϾͬһԴеġ
ǰæ
ʱҪһۣղ㲻ǻ˵Ҫҳ㣬ū𣿡
⻰һʱĲ˼飺Ƿ
˵ͷ
ͨһڵϣ־嵽˼㡣
ˣˡҡ
֪һж˵Ļһһ
޴ʵ£Ͳ滨ֻҪһͷΣκε̾ͽԼ֪һԭԭȫ˵˳



1122 ؾ
ԭˣǸȷֵС͸ˡ
лȻһֱõ˽ǸСӦþνĹˣٺʡΪǵĵ̡
֮ûг֣Ǳԭ򣬶ǱˣԵɺ·һνĹԶ֡
ûʲôɵɫ
ȻǸСֵܷĴڣôѱûҲ֣ᷢվһ
ǽ԰ɣ㣬ǸǲǺףһۡ
ˡҡͷСڵܲȶÿһʱ䶼ڸռѷ죬ЩռѷͨأȥҲûлųֻмռѷŻͨ磬ҾǸǸСµһռѷĵ򡣡
ռѷ죿üͷȥ
ҵָԽǸռѷص㡣
һץסһ̾ͿԽС磬ٺʡĿȥ϶ʱѿһͨͨصס
̼䣬˾ռѷǰ߻ûʧ
Уŵһ仰˵ֶ似ԶԶ˿Υͷ
ûüͷǰĿռѷ죬ȴǷǳ΢ܲΪҪ˺ռ䣬֮ϣҪǳٶԵ˵ޱȵۣҲᱻһʱ֪
ȻΪǰȴûи֪κ쳣
÷ģһ㡣
˵ڵܲȶռѷ죬û´Ļνؾ磬÷޷⡣
ؾԲˡ
ؾǳȶ˵ռѷˣ˵̫ؾ綼ҪȥӲܲȶ
Ȼߵؾǳ⡣
ռѷ죬ãʵ
ռѷʱ䶼һ£һꡣ̻ش
˵ͷֻҪϾͻʧͿˣһִصС硣
֪ˣǸؾڣûóȻȥΪؾڿķʽкܶҪ
ҲǲԼ֪ȫ˵
ţ˽⵽һʵǸؾڣֻһ磬вԺ硢硭ȵ֪磬ңˣΪҲؾڡ
֪ͨʹһ磬֪磬Ҳ֪޾պ硣
ȻһЩϵȴûжͬҲеޡ
÷еǣĵ޷ǳ٣ȱٵ޵ĴУΪûһֹֻͨ½
֪麣;Щ߲磬Ǵûһˣɹ߲硣
𾪡
ԽԽоؾ⣬ΪؾԲõͻƲ߾硣
ȻԼûʶһ㣬ɣؾˣȫǸؾ档
ôͻȻؾ
ؾͬһؾͬ棬Ȼͨռ䣬ȴǳѣ˵Ҫȥ߲磬ǾԲܵġ
ԼһֱؾĻûа취ͻƵľ
뵽Ȼͬĵ޴ӿʼһֱؾǺȻҲ޿ͻƵͨΪͨ麣
ǣؾΪᴩ޾յĹʯţΪһλֻ֮ӹϵĳڡ
ڵؾʲôԭѵ˵һ͹ʯͬһĴ
²⣬÷
ȻǷĲ²⣬ĵλޣ֪ĶһЩ֪ĶӴʲôҪ֪Ǹؾֻܷ࣬Խȥ̽Ѱ
磬д˵Ϊ֮½Ļţһͨʱһӵһޱȹδ㽵˵
ӹɵģʷϴûгֹͨޣҪǣܹͨͨ˵еĸ߲磬麣
ҲֻˣзڣĻĻᣬܱסͲˡ
ȷԵΪ֮½һУü
æͷ˵Ĵ˵Ȼûȼġ
ؾڣﵮĵޣȻܵǸؾӰ졣
Ҽǵ˵ռѷͨķ򣬶ģÿһʱ֣ô£ʵ
⣬Ҳ֪ʵʵ˵
ռѷֵλͨĵطҲͬһطֵĿռѷ죬ǰһͨ磬һοܾǾˡ
ҡҡͷͨĿռѷǹ̶ģΪؾĳھڵϣŵһռѷȶ䡣
Ȼһ˿϶ǲ׳ԵģϾռѷͨصĿԸǸСҲǻԵɺ£ŷ˵
Ҫһء૵
ܶɻֻеȥǸؾ磬Żд𰸣ҵؾڵķһݵĽ
ԼİΣʵ綼ܺˣĴĴ磬ȼܺԼƥС
ؾȻǳŹ֣Ĵ綼ȥˣҲ⡣
ûɱϾ߻ûüԵʲôƻͱѹˣȻҲ뿪ǰ˲˴磬ӵһ½ϣˡ
лѩҲ˲˴硣
պ󣬷»صռѷǰһ̴С



1123 ɽ
˵һܹĿռѷ죬ڷǰȴǲֵһᣬӿ˽ɫ棬ɴ˿ռѷ죬ؾ硣
磿
Ŀɨܣֵλãһ̾һЩǿ顣
£ﶼΣա
Ҳû̫ǿ˸û֪һռѷͨǸСҲǻԵɺ£һյأǵûĿռѷ졣
һ˵Ļδػռѷ죬ϾؾĿռѷ죬ͨأ⸽ҲܲµĳʱûѡΪռѷĻͻᱻ̾ڴ˵صԵ
ռѷ죬չ鲻ǱһξҲһĿȻˡ
ʵܽҲǵǸСµİȫ·ߡ
˻~
һ˻·һֻ޴̾Զڵϣ·һСɽ⴦յΪǿ֮һǳʳʱŽ˿ռѷ죬ιȴϳ
ʱĿⶢŷĥ̵ĳţҪ̳Լ̵࣬Ƕıȴǰϣо˾޴в
ߡ
ĮĿһۣǳȻ𣬿ֲ̽ٵ˾ϣһ˲ͽŤѪ
󣬷һΪһ뿪
Էʵһƾܰ⴦νյĵķ飬Ⲣʲô£һǿʧ϶и˽ҲᷢͨĿռѷ죬Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ǵҲ١
ɲ鷳Ҳס飬ǲҿռѷ벽
Ҫ˽ǵǿߡѰ˼š
һİĵطռ鱨ǵһλģĵλ̫ͣӴԼؾĸ߼
һ磬ĵԸ֣һ˸
ÿһżΪĵԶԶһͨ磬Ļ˵ÿһͳߣǿĲ˼飬ǿߡ
طӦɽĵ̣ͳɽǡ
ṩϣɽҲ֮أȽϤȻûȥңҵɽȻƵһǺɽͳ߻Զ
ңҲ˵λһȽϺýԸҲȽºְͣԵ׶ˣҪϢһЩ
ǵĳ磬Ƕ
ɡ˾
ԷٶȣϵɽǣҲҪ̫õʱ䡣
պ
ǣǻֺ׳ֻΪΰĳǳأҲûô⡣
ŵƽʣϲζ
һ֪ô£ԭСӴϲ֮գ˴ӸظأʹַǷҲĳλӦһλܵĵ
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ڳ֮⣬סˡ
λѣĻʾһ
üǡᣬĻʲôݣҪˣҪʲô磬ȴĬĬ
ǸûĻκ˶ڣѻ벻ҪΪǡǸоЩЩ
Ҳʵ飬һ˶ܽĻҲ̫ʵˡ
СֵܣҲһİɣǶǣ˿ɲô׼ġ
ףҲһ
һЩ˷׷׵
üͻȻɫ΢Ͽա
һںڵӰϿգһµߡ
~
ֵ߳˲䣬ֲʹסȫǣǵķϵһʱһ˺жʱ಻ıϵգۼͱȥ
ֲ谭ֱӽ٣Χ˶ʱһƬѹڵ϶ãЩǰǸеתǿ֧š
Ψзһ½Ƕûб
󵨿ͽڳʮӰеߣȻȴǲмһЦ϶ȻɳʮЩȫû˽ȥƬ̺ʮӰӿֱ׹֪
һ̣ǶǴңߵʵԶԶǵ
Ī⣬߰ǰҲѪϴһСǣ׷ɱţɹʵΪϵǿߣѾԶԶҵĶ֡
߰ǰ׷ɱ֮Ҵδ׼ѪĴ۰ɣ첻СӵĻ𣬹ŰɣҪûɥѪɺӣҲþҲɱģǻ㣬ܣáЦŨŨĺ⡣
ֻкݺĥĪ⣬ĺԽ⡣
ҲڳҪѪϴǣʹ𣿡һƽͻȻ
飬ҲҲ廰ߴŭޱȵĿ˳еһˡ
˵ˣǷ
Զû޷û뵽˹һָոճڣһǹ
¶ޱɫȻûΪһɿֲͶȻϣһ̣жʱĿ־塣
~
׹أ߷·һɽѹţȻӿ׹ݺײ˴ϣ޴ĺУϳһӣǱֵſڿӵףһˡ
־嵽˼㣬ʱԼ޷ǿߣԶԶ֮ϵĴڡ
ȻߵԣץС㽫£á
϶Ϊɷ΢΢һЦЩ



1124 ύ
ЩɵˣޱȵĿǴ˿Ƶߣڷǰȴһ㷴ضûС
ڸոգǻǿ߾֮⡣
޴ķǸӦȫɵԷĻҲûӦԡ
ǰμСĻ磬ϵҡۿҪ䳡һæ
˵ģЩǴӳڿ첽߳ˡ
΢΢һЦˡ
ӳڳһȺˣǰģһ۵ӣո˵ˣ
ˡ
ˡ
ӣΧæ
ɽĸҲǵĳĪ⣬ǳؾģλɽλΪһ֮ʱȴӭ˳
ĪΧǵǿߣԼӸصıͣϻһ˿֮ɫԼٺңĿУмžη
ڸղţĿһϷõٵá
ɱչֳ˿ƥеʵ˲ǵǿߣҪ֪Щ߻ܵʮ˿ɲʲôߣȫǽеĶ֣ʮ˼ͬǴȻǰȴǲһ
˶Ϊǻᱻɱʱվ˳չֳֻĿֲʵ
ģֻ졣
޵еߣڷǰȴǸֵضûУֱӾͱѹ
ðĪڵˣȫһεĸоһ㶼ʵ
ֱǲ͵ػع
ʳ˸Īǰˡ
ǿߣҵʲôݣھԵʵǰûκ塣
Īлǰ֮ȥ֣֮˴Ī첽ߵ˷ǰĪĸмͻȻϥ׼ȥȻ̧̧֣һεʱס
ˡ˵Ҳðˡ
ҲҡĪæҡͷЦǷѪϴˣ֮á
뵽Ī⿴һҡȴܶߣ¡
û뵽߰ǰ׷ɱĴħͷǵûһΪϵǿɱ˻ǷĻҪ±£ǱѪϴˡ
£Ƿˡ
ȻĪǽе۷壬Ҳֻһ֮ңǺ͵ıҲвٽ𣬿һλǿǰȴǲʲôһ֮ңǵ
Ȼɫѹߣʵ˺̶ֳȣѾĪ붼ˡ
ǰƲڡĪ⹧
˵ͷһԵߣ˵ҵĺɣҪδ
ɱĪûκԥΪ˲÷뷨̽˺֮ĶԹ
߰ǰżȻ侭һСǣɿѪϴǳأɱˣ֮⣬Ҳ׿ħͷֶײ֪Уɱƽߡ
ֻϧҵʵ㣬Ȼشջӹһ٣û뵽ȻͻƣҪһΪǿߡĪп
á
ǳ𣬲̱Ťֲ˲ͽ߻һѪһŽɫƾճ֣Ѫյĸɸɾ
˸ɴ࣬ɱһλǿߣԱߵ˶־η
Է˵ⲻһ΢С°ˡ
ߣҲǸһ죬ǿˣĴ綼֪ɱ˶٣Ļһϡ
Ī˵Ĺ£˳ұΪϱĪ⻹СӺͶϱúõĸлһ
Ҳûаڳһ߸ϵ̬̬ƽ͵ĽύĪ⣬˿ۺ죬޲֮
пܣԸ⸶һд£÷
Ȥˣ͸¶һЩĪ⽫ӭ鷿
ǰʲô⣬;ʰɡĪ
ȷʵһ⡣˵ǣӦ֪Ҳˡ
ģĪ֪ԼΪؾڣֹһ磬ֱ˵˳
ȻĪû˿ɫȻͲ³ˡ
һ˸ֻм˲ſ켶ʵ֮ǴħͷҲǿ̫࣬ǰˣ£ҲͲϲˡĪ⹧άһ䡣
Ҳʵ飬ͻȻһΪ֪ǿΨһĽͣǴ紩Խġ
Ȼˣһʵ̫ǿϾǿ߶ϧģ״ռѷðգǿ˷ֵزģǾ޽С



1125 
Լû˵٣ֻĪ˵һЩ֪
ڱ˼ԼԷʵľηĪҲϣûʲô
Ϊһ֮ĪܽӴԶܱȵġ
ĪĲؾ磬Ҳ˸Ϊ˽⡣
ȷʵؾ࣬һ㣬ڷһ̣Ѿ˽⵽ˣռϵķǳ΢ȻҪؾһ㣬֪Ļڵ޵ĳɳǺεȲϲؾڣ߲ͨŻ
ˣ֮Ҳ޷ʹõ״̬
ؾΪǹᴩ޾յĹʯţؾأʲôԭ
ܿ⣬Īȴҡҡͷ
ˡΪЩǿ֪ЩܣӦ֪ĪǸȻ
ؾڣڶ磬粢һǿ硣
˵ͷҲֻǳںһ䣬ʵϲûбϣνĿĻ˽ؾ磬ܿؾĳڣǾٺòˡ
Щ˽٣ǿж٣ʵ
ǰô᲻֪Ī¶֮ɫһԶǿ磬յ˵ӴĲԶǿ˽⵽ϢҲܱȵġ
ĪķӦϣҲ˵ǣǾǣдһռѷ磬ոչûһᣬǸռѷʧˣ÷޷ȥ
ˣҪ˽ԼôѰҵ·ȥҲ˵Ĺȥ
ûȷԼ˵Ī¶֮ɫŷʧѵ˵ǰڵ磬Ǹոձɽģ
׼õֹסĪ͸¶˷ǳҪϢ
ɣô£üͷ
ǰڵ磬ǲͻȻͻһط޾ջһİڣڲҲ˾˵ı仯Ī
ͷ΢ĪȻ֪޾գ÷е⣬Ҫ֪ʱ򣬺߿Ƕ޾һ֪ģ˵ؾȫǣĪ˵Ȼˡ
ȷʵˣڵ緢˴䡣Ŀ΢˳ĪĻȥ
Ǿѹǰһ֪ˡĪȻǰ²֪ʮǰҲ޾еһ磬ʱֻ磬磬ؾڵ磬ǰڵ磬Ӧöˡ
һܣҲֻһ֮ȼʸʣˣֻΪؾڵ磬Ҳ޿κΣϾؾ󣬺ͨȫϾȥʵĪЦ
˵ɣǴһЩǿ紫ģΪؾ޾յĴ磬ڱ֮ǰһ׶ûУͻȻͱɽؾңһϢʧǱĳһڸƵġ
仰˵ؾ磬ȫǲģȱġ
һ˵ܣ÷𾪵˵Ҳ⿪һɻѹֺĪ˽谭ԭҲ޾еĴ磬Щ֮䶼нŻĴû̫
磬ֱ޷󡣡
Щֲ޾ոԶнؾôģһһɡ
ģɴĿģʲô
⣬⣿
Щͷۣû뵽һˣԽԽ࣬Ӵ˾š
ǰ֪Ļȥѩ磬֪ϢǴӺѩģܵõһЩ𰸡ĪСĿ˷һۣ
ѩ磿ɻ
ԣȻؾڶ磬ǿģ磬ѩеһǺѩϽ֮һ
ѩ˺ѩʣ˵һλǿߣӦ֪ࡣĪ
졣һ
ؾڣȻǿߣʵԶĽ֮ϵǰκ
ѩ磬ǲȥģڲȥ
һ֪Ǵؾ֮¾Ǻѩʶ̲סԳ֣ϾǱؾꡣ
ҪˣԷ͵˵Իһѡ
ȻϷǲô˵ͷлĪĺ⡣
׼ߣ˽һЩ˵ȥѩ硣˵
ĪûлɣϾǺ˼·ոսؾ϶ʴӣڷ뷨ҲǸܼİǸһЩ磬Լռѷ



1126
ؾڵЩ磬ɺ󣬾ͱĲȱ
Ҫƿ̥Ĥ֮⣬࣬û˻ô
ؾ磬޾գƿ̥Ĥ󣬲޾棬Ǿء
˵޾ȻΣգǶƿ̥Ĥǿ˵ܹӦĻôؾڵľأľһļʻҪܻͣŴӾлˣǷëǡ
⣬Ϊؾѹƣ紫Ҳ޷
˵Ҫһȥһ磬ֻһ취Ǵÿһʱ䶼ֵĿռѷ졣
û֪ΪʲôȴܺõĽһʵ
ռѷȻ֣ͨĵطؾڵЩ磬ҲܽһЩɡ
Ī߷ģյĹɡ
ÿһγֿռѷ죬緶ΧڣߴռѷǷֱͨ߸̶磬ǵλûһЩ仯ƫĲ̫Զ϶ܺҳ类Ϊ̶ͨ
̶ͨ⣬ȵĿռѷ죬ͨ磬˵ĸ磬Ͳö֪ˡ
Ī˵̶ͨλúͷΧ˵˳ûһɽ
ҲǺģϾһ˸̶ֻͨߴǡɽļʺܵ͡
ͨ磬һ𣿡ɻ
ǣҲǡĪؾڣ֮䣬ûоĸ˵Щռѷ˵û֮ԶĸģĿռѷ죬ܻͨ磬ҲͨңԶ硣
ȻͨҲȫ纮ѩ磬ȻǺѩϽ֮һȴûһռѷֱﺮѩ磬ֻͨת
ǲ²⣬Ӧǿռѷֻͨȼ磬̫Զ
ѩо켶ǿߣһ춼ܳưԣɼߵȼ֮ر
΢΢ͷ
ؾ֪˶꣬ڼ˶ͨʹ磬ּȼߵҲ֡
ĪΪڵǸոձɽҪ˽һЩؾҪҲЩԼ硣
Īݵλ˽Ҳ磬磬ֻܸһЩο
лˣҵһл񡣡ܴĪ˽⵽࣬׼뿪ǰһɢǿϢĽɫ
ѽɫ˼ڷսƷڿп޵ĶǶԵġ
Ī⿴ѽɫʱоϢĺļ
ѽɫģʹһǿ߶һս
ʵ̫ˣĪλȨأԭҪܵĻڿѽɫҲǱ˺˵
ǰ⡭ʵ̫ˡĪɬ
͵μӻĺɡЦЦʰ߽Ǿ֮ͣĪԸ֪ҲС˵ѽɫû
˵꣬ҲĪٶȾܾ͵ػΪ⣬뿪˳
ĪʵûӦȻȻ١
ؾڵѾ˽⣬ģԺʵˣ̽Ҳ٣ôѰҿؾڵİ취ˡ
뿪Ǻ󣬷Ѱ˼š
ؾڵǲ֪һ
˽⵽ģδؾȫϾĪλޣɾƾЩܶ϶ԶԶĴҲĿǰӴΪµ磬ֻʮ磬ѹؾ硣
û뵽ССĵ򸽽Ȼһ˿µؾ
찡¡
һ޴вԷڵʵҲԽߣҪƶһûô򵥣Ȼ׻ٵ򣬵֮ܽȻƶ
ңһֱؾ֮䣬ǧ˿Ƶϵżڡ
Ϊʲôؾƫƫڵϣ
˵ĵطҲؾڵĻôͱ˷ˣҲȵڡ
֮˷֣ΪС磬ǿ߶̽ռѷޣ磬ռѷҲǷǳĲۣ˭뵽ﾹȻؾΨһڡ
ôڣͷ۵ͷ
ΪֹǺͷ
ؾϢǶҲĴĽܿڣΪǽбԭڣǾͲö֪ˡ
ǵ˽ģҷҲܳΪڶĽ
Ҫû취ֻܽڸռĿˡ૵Ҳǿڵһ취Ȼ㲻Ϻá
һע⣬ЩȻû˺ѩˣǾˡ
ʲôһжάԭҲԱ֤
治ɲ̫࣬һ¶ѣ÷޷ȥ硣
õİ취ĿƳڣȫ֮ߡ
ˣĻ˵а취ţͻȻһͷԺ︡



1127 ѩ
뵽ˣֻ̨顣
ؾϢʵ̫ˣԷڵֻ̨֪鲻һıֻ̨Ǻߵĵر˵ͬһĴڣ黹ֻ֮λ꣬ļʶ϶
һ˵ܽӴĶ˵ȴδʲô
Ҵֻ̨ʮ㣬ٻֻ̨Ļᡣš
λᣬޱȵ
ٻֻ̨ĿģȻΪ˴ֻ̨ڷⲢȫ
Ҫֻ̨֪Ǵ˵һȻڳΪֻ֮״ǰƿ޷ɱУһȼĴڷ¾ʥδعĽȥֻ̨ھǾԵİȫ
õĺąֻ̃˶ȹľ档
粻ǵԷҪδػὫٻϾԷֻصĲǾûпܳϰʮġ
еãûʲôںġ
Ȼٻֻ̨ûôھռѷʧЩʱ䣬˵ҵڵİ취ĻͲ˷һٻֻ̨Ĵˡ
Ǵռѷ죬ص˵Ȼȥ˲˴磬лѩѡһЩֵε׼
Ͼֻ̨֪ؾڽǷĲ²⣬ҲûаٷְٵİգҼʹֻ̨֪Ƿܲƿػ˵Ҫ׼
󣬷ʼ
緽ûȥȻؾڳ磬ǿ϶һԵʵġ
ڷ磬Ѱҿؾڵķʱ
һӴѩ۴գٽɽ
֮ı仯Χ˱ѩأѩӿƮ
棬ŮϴŰۣ·ı߽ǵŻıѩͼ
Ͼ͵ɽˡһ׵ӵ޾ǡ
ߣϣǸֵˣ粻Ҫ̫
ɴˣ˲ô죿׵İŮ۾ʵ
Цһؾڵ磬£Ȼ磬ǾǺѩûܾأҪǹͷӲ
˵һ˿â˳߲
ҵϣСӵĹͷӲһЩֵĿǣ¶һ˿ѪĹâ
ɽǡ
ͻȻرɫѩƮȫǵķϵһʱ䣬ǳط·˶죬ǡ
ڣĪɫ䡣
仯ѵǡ뵽һֿܡ
ûӦǰӰһŮĪǰǵĳֲ֣ѹҲǶȻ١
Ī󾪣æ˳ƹɽĪ⣬λʹˡ
˿Ϊһ̣Ī˳Ժѩ磬ؾǿ֮һ˵ǵʵҲĪ޷ġ
ĪʱĸоԷʱһ㡣
λʹˣʲôطҪЧͣĪ⹧
ĮĿĪһۡ
һǰһǿߣɱ㱨һ죬˵һȫ˵
⻰һĪ֪λʹҪҵˣǷ
ʹˣô
ĪĻû˵꣬һԵĿȻЦһָһһɰޱȵʱĪϡ
~
Ī׻˷ײ˺ǽϣʱײһ󶴣ľĪſ͵һѪήңؿڱеĵطһƬ
˵Ļӵ
˵Ҫɱһλüͷһ¡
ĪȻһ㡣
ˡ
ˡ
ߵĶ˳ˣ׷׿£
üͷ΢š
ҹ˲˵ءʱĪⲻƣ͵غ˳
˶ʱһͣĪϾǳϣٵıʣǶҼ
Ī˿ɫ԰ޱȣһǵλʹǶǵĲ»ҷ
תѾôһ¡
ȻϢ˺ѩ硣
ϾǶֵһĻвλ֮ˣϢᴫȥȻġ
ǿռѷֵʱڣϢѩٶҲܿ졣
һϢܾѩ磬βһʵ̫ǿˣȻע
ңĪҲǷһˣѩĶô죬ĿܣǺѩѾһµ磬ǷӦѸٵԭ
Ҫ³һ㲢ѣϾյǿ߶Īⲻ֪ѩҲ֪
а̾һĪͷ
зŭޱȣȴһ취ûУѩҪɱȫ׾٣ΪȫǵİΣֻԷ˵һԲˡ
ҺԷ˽Ҳǳ٣ĪеһЩ



1128 
λʹˣ֪ľЩˣκ
ڣĪ⹧˳Ĵͷ
ӵüͷ
ĪõϢǳ٣֣Ǹ綼֪᷽ľʵˣֻ֪ĳ࣬ԼһЩ޹ؽҪϢ
ӳ
С˲ҡĪ̵ʹӦ֪˵ʵԶԶңֻҵķݣСĸ
ԣӵ΢΢ͷ
˵ʵԶĪ⣬ǰĪⲻκΥɷҲˡ
Īû˵ѣ׼뿪
֪Ҳ͹ˡһԵĿ죺ôʲôѵΪ˵ʵܱȵǣ
Ҳǡӵͷߡ
˲ʧǵȥѩصҲʧǵľ˵һƵġ

񸮡
һ󸮣ǷԱͳߵԶʤɽʹһ˸жǰ
磬ҲĿġ
ѰĵطҪô˼ڣҪôǱΪصľ
ֵطĿ󣬱Ͼڰȫֻ֮ĵطͱ緢쳣ؾˡ
ֻ˼ĵطԼأһЩܡ
ͨռѷ죬λɽ˼ĵط
һ߱磬ܴĵطұˣȴһ
繲Ĵأ̸֮ɫĵط켶ǿߴȥȥ޻أΣճ̶ȿȿռѷͨľء
Ȼ˵ģԷ˵ȴԶԶûôΣա
ĴأȥеҶȫˣȥ磬ûκˡ
أΣյһҲֻв켶ǿߣԷԣһΣնûУνĽأ͸Լҵĺ԰Ƶģκһض͸ֻϧȻûҵκ
ֻʣһأҲΣյĵط
λ񸮾ڵ
һڰ֮еĵ죬Ī⣬ӵһĿû˴ȻŻģңΪһӽʮڣͻԼٶš
ոճֵʱһλǿߴʮڣƬ̺λǿߵײײ˳
˶ǣӵʱ䣬ԭòʮģǿߣһ˲뷢԰ף˷·߽꣬ĺꡣ
ⲻòı仯Ϊֲڣλǿӳ󣬾һͷڵϣԼٶϻպߵ˾ͷΪһ߿ݹǡ
һϢȥ綼Ϊ֮𶯡
ûȥǽӽ˿µĺ˾̽Ϊ˽أ֮ϡ
Ҫȥģ񸮵
һжʹǿ緽Ҳ
̫ˣŵʲôʱ
ö֪ҲûаգԼһ
Щʹˡ
绹޾գʱ򣬸ûʲôĴأȵؾɣؾںʧһ֣ʧĵطȡ֮ľĴء
磬ͬɽ綼ˡ
Ĵصĳ֣ؾֱӵĹϵ²⣬пؾڵķʮа˾žĴڡ
ȥ񸮵ĸһ¹ɡ૵
Ĵ֮ףҲҹڴ⡣
Ȼ񸮣صиΪ˽⡣
ԷʵҪ񸮵ĸȻ׾٣չ¶һ̱긮ĸΪϱмӵӭ˽ȥ
ֻ÷Щʧǣ񸮵λԶûĪôϣȻĹڷҪ鱨ʱȴģ˵ó˵Ҫһʱȥ
ɫ΢Ҫ鱨Ǻ޸ģǡǡ෴ºͳĶۼֵҪЩ鱨
Χһӱ˺
񸮸ɫ䣬ףѾûˡ
ǸǸǰҵ֪ͨңһ鱨͹˲ϵ亹񸮸ƺǸոսӵϢ㣬˵
ò˶ãһ˴ҴҸĽһ鱨ľʯ˹
Цһ龧ʯֵһѰɫǹֱֱĲ񸮸ǰ
Ҳ֪ڴʲô⣬ϣҲ֪˵ֱ꣬ӷȥ
ȷһߣ񸮸ʹԴ̧ϲݺᡣ
ʲô˲ģҲֻǰš
񸮸мЦһתʩ
ˣ̽˳ֵϢλʹˡ



1129 
ѩλʹҪҷȻܹ⿿ԼϾһֱΡ
ô󣬳Ƿ֣ҵֲĴ磬ߵϢǳۣοǴĪ⻹õһϢпǰ磬Ѷȡ
λʹȫ硣
һ⣬ǰ磬Ѱҷ
Ǻѩʹݣϣû˸Υ
Ȼˡ
ʱ񸮸ֱϲλʹµӰڣһ۾ϳǺѩʹҪҵˡ
֣Ҫ֪ΪҳλʹͣǵݣûκʹͣԸΪǱߣλʹʾá
Ȼ񸮸ҲǺεȵĿ¡
ѩʹҪɼĲҪǣǳָɵߵ£ʹ磬¡
񸮸֪ԼʵߣҲڲ֮䣬Ҳ˵ҪɱֻҪһͷˡ
θΣΨһ飬Ҳʱˡ
ȷһߣҲٶȣԸģ񸮵Ϣĺѩʹ
λʹ֮УģλսɱĿӡ
ڳˣֻ󡣡Цһ͵վӸµĿ·񸮸
ĺܺãѩǲĹ׵ġӵ
лʹˣлʹˡ񸮸ϲһŵʹ˵٣ܶʱһŵʵʵĽΪҪ
°ɡ
񸮸ϹϾ뿪󣬿ӴŵĹд߳źսư
ҵҪжٱ£ܷӵһȭ
ϣֱӳ뿪˴˵ء
Ҳӵ˷ֵϢ̵һʱ
֣ȥʲôüͷ΢壬Щĥ͸ͼ
ʵҲˣĴأûκγ֮ÿһ类ؾɺ󣬶ʧһ֣ӶɽأҪ˵ΣգҲĴأܱȺѩĽظΣա
Ϊ֪ؾһΪؼϢӵ˶Ͻ磬ûзϣȻӲ²ˡ
ϢĲԵȡ
Դ
ˣʯѾϹȥˣɽҡҡͷӲٷġ
ôⷽʵΪӵģǷ磬˶ѡ
ڷʵţǿҲǿǡ
ǿ֮һš


ʰڣΧǱ̲Ĵ󺣣ԶԶ·˼ɾɽǱʵϣΪµ
ΪԵʣڵƬҲΪ֮
һգ˼֮ϣһ⣬˲ϢڽӽһȻͣһӰֳ
ˣǷ
ңңµĵ죬ڵλãλʮ֮⡣
ϣһ޴ʯڱķλҲһʯΪԲģΧƳһ޴ޱȵԲ
Բ˽⡣
ԽߣκΣգһԽͽʮﷶΧĽͻܵӰ죬ţֱ
ЩʯȻԭģΪ˾ʾġ
֮Ϸṳ̂Ŵ񸮸õ鱨߸ͲԣֱɱĻûȵѩʹȾҪˡ
鱨УҲ˸Ϊ˽⡣
Ȼǽأ簵ҲǴûз̽ȻҲһĳɹ
ܵ˵֮ĽԷֳ֡
ʮﵽһһﵽһǧԼһǧﵽ֮ϡ
һһ£ľ飬£ֻҪԽߣȫ·һûֻʵԽǿˣܶż죬ҲǼˡ
𼶣ܹ䣬º󶼻һڣҲӲٵһأʮﵽһ
һԽһĿ̻һ̨ף𼶴ɣֻ켶ǿ߲ѣҲмǿĺ֢
ܴһڵˣ˵ָ
켶ǿ缫ΪԸðŶΣմĸָʷϣֻһλĺ֮켶ǿߣۼȻ̤˽һǧ֮ڡ
Ȼλ켶ǿߣ֮󣬽˵˼仰ǰ˷ɻҡ
˵ʵǶ죬Žһǧ
û֪ӽĵطǶô£޷֮ϡ
ͿܷסҵĽŲһЦһ̿Խʯ


1130 ɳ
һԽʯڷо·Ǵһһ硣
ͷȥƽĺ˻ȴڽӽʯʱȻʧ
ĸоǵһγ֡
صʱ򣬻ٶУӦĴ类ɺγɵԵʣԭĲֻͬǰεĸоǲһΡ
ûʮ⣬Ͳ˲һĸо
ҡҡͷǰȥ
Уһ˿˿ĵȻԶԶܺϵȣȴҲʮĺһʵİɴ
ţ
΢΢ɫ䣬ܿ췢֣Լûɵĸоһƣ·ǺսһƵģһĪԼ
ͷ΢
ǿ󣬾ʹһǿʢһĴҲȥ
֪԰һŲ쿴淨ֻûܲš
ʱšâĴܹʱųı仯Բʱɵġ
û뵽Լ޷ߡ
ߡ
һеţ̾Ͷһĵرǿתȫŵĸоʱʧ
ϡ
ܴʮﷶΧ䣬Ƚǿ˲֪ٱȻ˵һܷ̾š
ǰȥ
ڷʱ֮ϣһӰԼٶƿնת۾͵ʯưǺѩλʹеĿӡ
ܿͷ˷Ӱ
ʱѾԽʮﵽһĽֻа˾ǧ˵ͬǵĽԷвȴҪСĶࡣ
ЦһӺԥԽʯ˽
ÿһĽ³̶ֱӺȼҹ
˶Ľһ㶼û⣬ΪԶԶܺͺѩȣߵĽأʹ붼Ǳɣһ磬Ļᱻ
ʮ
תۼ䣬Խۼþ뷽ԽԽЦǰ淽ǻķٶȣмȵĲм
һǶǸ߿ˣôһƽС
ټ֮ϿһˣӵĴ룬ȻǻͷһۣܿͲ⡣
ȻǽżҲҲ˽⺮ѩ˵ķΣȻϳ׷ģǺѩʹ
ȻڿȴǱ˻ź͵ӣƺˣеĿ־壬Цеٶ
ûǿɡȻ

Ŀһۣ翴ˡ
ǳĹ졣
ֻҪУ̾ͻţ֮⣬һɣǾٶȡ
ڽ棬޼ɵĸٷУŵٶȻԷ˼ٶȱָͬըɵԽ죬ҲԽ졣
ΨбһٶȣסţǷ񸮸õ鱨˵Ϊܽġ
ΪͷӣȴǸûȥ˽ʲô˽ʲôɡ
һֱӴ˽ûںκνɡ
ΪƵ
ɴͣתȥĿӵڼš
ȻȴǻȻû⡣
ûз֣ԼļĸɱһƳڶͷһͷɺתףԾ˵ٶȣߡ
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ȴһ
죬̫ˡ
ӿ׷Ϸľ룬ǵٶȣһգ۾ܿı仯̫Ѹ٣ÿӸûзϵľұ仯
ӸµĿŷӿڣǺ
˻ޱȡ
ʱŲϵı仯Ѿ̫ˣ¶ǿĿ־塣
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άżȿ־֮ɫӵ˲ŵĸɸɾһ󺣷紵̻һƬɳӿ
ÿһϸڡ
֮ǰǴ鱨֪ɳĿûǵһΣΪ޼ɵ˲档
ƽĸ˿һۡ
ǲ
Ӻţûˣ׿
СĽΪӪʵԶȴ˼ɣʲô
Կû˵Ǿ仰⡣
ϾûΪ뷨ûܵƾһ֣жϳԷԺѩ硣
磬һռѷ촦
Ӹոմռѷ죬ص硣
ͻȻһ
һ̣о˿ӵ
ˣ
Ƭ̵źһŵĵͺȻ



1131 ǵ
ѩʹݣʹںѩ綼ĬĬСǶʯ
ˣһ䣬Ϣ̾ʹӺѩ紫շתλʹ
ôܻ˼顣
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ѵ˵Ǹˣɫһ֪ȥҷġ
Ҫ˵ɱӣô̵ʱڣȴǲôŵģϾôɱӣҲҪ߽ӽʵȼǿ֮⣬Ƿǳġ
Ϊһɽ磬ǿߣʵ̫ˡ
ɴˡ
һӰԶٷӵһ֡
ʱİŮȫǲ֪룬Ȼ֮еš
ʯɴˣΪʯôģǸʵŮӲ
ȻԷǳСųֿܡӳȻһֿܣ
Ůһ㶣һͼĽκΣա
ûпǹΪʲô˻ȥͺ⣬ʯ̫ĻҲ
Σ˽ͬʱϢȥɸɵʯԵʵǽƾˣδضԸԼ磬ҪԮӻ
Ůæͷʯ֮ǰ⡣
Ϣȥ뿪
񸮡
λʹˣ鱨ȫС˲κ񸮸ڵϣš
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ӺͰŮĿдɱ⣬񸮸̻̲ԭ
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ΣգǺģΪвѩʹ
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ȻûۿʯԵ˽⣬Լӣǲȥǰ˽ģзһɵĿԷǳҲܺܺõĽͣʯΪʲô
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˵ɫԻֻҪǷ̫ǿ󣬾Ͳʲô⡣
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㡣ӱĿ񸮸ϣɱ¶Ϊ񸮸ĵ̣ҲʯеΣգ֮ѲΡ
񸮸־嵽˼㣬ԴڵѪ
Ȼȴ޶ԣĮ

ָһ㣬һɫϷĹʱ񸮸Ŀ־壬ڱе˲䣬ʱ˱
һ䣬뿪Ůӽ񸮸ı˲鿪ڵء

ӵԷ˵һССĲۿǰߵҲ÷ӵĽ⻹֮⣬Ҫǵڲ֪µ̶ֳȡ
ǰУһǧﱻԽ
õһΣҲǴǶԷ˵ļ޻ǳԶ̫ٻ𶼻ûá
ֻҪðɣﲻҪ̫ǿʵ
סȫŷֺ
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Ӧñֳĸ֣߸࣬֡Ȼ
ҲǺ£ûߵ֪ҲҪԼˣܽ鱨Ѿá
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ʮһʱŵٶٴα÷˸ûʹΪƵ̫ٻ𣬶Ƕǳ
һǹ𣬿ֲڷΧŤһС
죬ҪĽҪ졣૵
޷Ŀ³̶ȡ
ΣյĵطҲˣڽΧҪǵ֮ϣԼΣյĵط¾Σա
ǰδеһֱϣӦԼҪĶ
Ƭ̺
һ
һ̤ʵأޱ޼ʵİΧƹ̽ûС
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ȴԮͬʱĿռѷ죬ûͨδ֪ġӵ׼ȥǸ˶ҽѵΪѩʹȴ𣿡
ѾҲͰˣţֲԸ˳ĻһɱΪʯԱ𡣡
ǡŮӵͷȻӾˣҲ޿κΡ
һ̿Խʯ˽ʯԵǰ֮ǰǿ鱨ģԲ᷸ͬĴ
һ·ͨ裬ӵʧڰ֮С



1132 ˺
Σա
ոյһ̣͸оǿ֮вУޱ޾İûһ˲䣬ŵ鿪ӷϣͬˮй
·ǱĴ©ˮľͰ洢ŵˮ̵ĴӰʧ
ʵԽǿԽߣҲԽ
ͻƵľΪ켶ǿߺ󣬷Ҳ֪Լж٣꼸ǧһⶼûеģȻʱٶȣ÷һ֣ҪãԼͻʧĸɸɾߵͷĸо
á
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óʵԿֲٶŵͷʱʧȻһЩųǺ֮ǰȣϪʹ󺣡
ơһó˵ƣһö۳ӡ̫ٻϣͨԴ֮ϵʱֲĽɫ۳һֻӴڣڷܡ
ŵͷһαķԶԶǰһΡ
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뵽ʱɢȥ̫ٻϵƣϾǴʯƵЧ޷ôڣȻ仯Ȳ󣬷ҲûҪάǿ״̬ڵٶȻܳܵķΧڡ
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⵽ʲôطȻ˿¡ƿڴĳ嶯ЩðŮˡ
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Ůɫ䣬оһɿֲԶǰ
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ŮӼѵתȥһµ̤նﱧһѱɫĳɢſֲޱȵĵâ˺ء
˺ŮӴ󺧣ϳˣκε̹ȥ˺
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û뵽ǴȥϢԮ˾Ȼ˺
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λ˺ǺѩˣǱһλʹĺѩ磬ǧǰ˺һ֮ɱжʮλǿߣԼһλǿߣӶƺ¡
𾪵ǣһ֮սͬȼĶ֣˺ǵնɱ˶ԷһºˣΪ֮ǿʵ
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˺ûдϸţȰŮ˵֮¶Ȥɫ
е˼
пգ˳һˣϣҪʧ˺
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˵У˺СʱȥѩһأҴŻȻԼٶ𣬳ƺһս˲²⣬˺ǿӦúǸصļйأ˺ûӦ
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ĵ˵ͷûã˺̷֮󣬵



1133 ʵ֮
֮ϡ
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ֻͨɰɣ̬ҲǱòʱ̶ڱ仯ţһնɱֻﲢûƬһŵΧС
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뿪ûãΧİӿ۳һֻ·˱ɱļ䣬˰Ŀĵεš
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Ǳ޿ɱܣԶ޼֮𹥻ɱԶ֮ء
ֻϧҰܵ˼аɱޣڣ޿ɱĶʧһЩ
ʮʧ֮䡣
ʹˣҲûκεĶҡһֱԼĺ֮أѾԽԽ
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˵Ŀ⣬̽һͬʱ˶ԷĴڡ



1134 µķ
֮ϣԼ֮⣬Ȼˡ
ͻȻֵӣüͷɨȫʱü͵һ
ע⵽ӵξȻǸ֮ĿӲֻ࣬ǰߴĿȥӸ߼һЩ
ʵϣӵʵҲȷʵҪԶӣڷĹߣֳɫģԼһвģӦͬһȼĶ֡
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ԸĻ֮ĶԹһʹԼ㱳Ǻѩͳ죬ʵӦǸǿߣܾǸˣԸĻһЦĿ
֮ǰжʮ߸粻ԸǺѩͳΣǵ³ǣ׻𡣡
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ɫ˻ŷ˹
޼֮ն
ĮƵһʱӡ̫ٻϣһ̿Խ˿ռ䣬ն˰ɫϡ
ֲĸº͹âӿط·𱻷ֳ磬һ䣬һȡ
ʵ֮£ɫߣͬһɫʣҲǿϸ΢ĲȫĿ
޼֮ӿռԣһֱն˰ɫĵط
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ŵĿУһֱӽɫն룬޴ϳأȻڵϡ
ôܣȫ޷ܡ
һǱǿˣҲ޿ܣһͽնɱ
ʵǿĳҲͰˣȻʵϣҲڲ֮䡣
Ľ޷ܡ
֮ܣ㲻֪Ķ̫ˡ޼֮һննϷĵط
Ӵ󺧣æҪסһС
Ȼ޼֮£ûеʱ䡣
~
סӵĴɫ˲鿪ɣѪ߷ݰ㣬֮С



1135 
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ӱ֮У϶ʱ¶˾֮ɫ
סĴɫ飬̾ͱ¶֮УһնڷײţѪҺƣ޷ϵסȫ
ڱĵطҲͰˣ
ϮһӣӵԿֲٶţڵƣŵٶȣҪոյǵ֮ʱ
գۼ䣬гɰǧʧ
ӵùǣӷȥķ򣬸ոպôֻ޵ľȦ̶ֻӷ˹츳£ŵǵĹӶ޷ÿһαкš
Ƭ̵ĹʧһͷɺתףҲĲ
ָܾöãͻȫʧߵ
˵Ĵʵ̫ˣġ
ӾޱȵԼĴ̾Ҫһеѹ·ģȻᡣ
͵ǰһӣԽռ룬޼֮һն
~
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ӵʵǿȥ͵ˡ
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Ҳûڵ˺ѩ󻹻ŵģ³һ򱶣㱳罫Ƭ߲档ӲЦţѾԻųȥָ˶񶾵䡣
ЦҪһնɱӡ
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ϾȫһҲγ˿ֲơ
ˡ
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ڷ뿪ûãһӰӰ߳Χİ׷ױâ顣
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Ȼȷʮ죬ʵҲСĽһ·ѹ˹ٶ졣
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ٶȣĺģΪ˺Ĺӵʹǰ
ԽӽģŵٶȾԽˣζѹƲסһŵʮꡣ
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ϵʮ죬ʧѾǷǳľˡ
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ӽģ޵Ҳ
գǧƵȺסȥ·ûκο϶
ͣԿ϶ֻҪЩޣܵģǡȥ
ǧƵȺһս޿ɱĻᱻŵһ֣ûȺͻȫŸɾ
~
ʱ
һֲĵâӱնֲֿ·Ҫ˺Ƭ£Ӷ̫ٻȫһն
~
ϵѪɫ˲˵һɶ屻͵غ˳ȥе̫ٻ𶼱Ϊԭʼ̬
ۡһѪˡ
ԶâʣȺУϰֻնĩ
عͷŴӺ߳˺ӣڷʵ֮У˺ĹߣȫŨޱȵɫ
Σޱȵɫ
졣
׹ûеڶֿܣ˵ʵ졣
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ǰ˵ʵҪĽ֮ϣûκƣȱʵ۷塣
ĳûκʤ㣬ڶԷϳһᶼǼޱȣھԵǰʵ֮ۺ޼֮ûãΪ˺һ㣬ǷܻƵġ
˺УԱߵֻǰδеѹ
ǰȺкѩǿߡ

ľ
ͷһûоʧ룬侲



1136 ٻֻ̨
ˡ
վ˺ĿŷƻԶԶûлָ˺ı£ȴѾûд󰭡
ˮת֮ǰʱ򣬿뵽ڡ˺ǰӲҶ˵ϵĵ⣬ȴǽе뷨չ¶ţǱɡ
죬ʵ̫ˡ
˵˺նɱĴڡ
ֻӸеˬǣûдӷϣ־ŵɫ쳣ƽʮֲˬ
˺ǷնɱʯԣܾҵҸողɱңȫûǺѩָŷ
ԣ˺Ŀʱ˷ϣһ˾첻Ŀ⡣
Ӹ£ӣ·߸ϵڿŵϵϣĮ߸ϡ
˺ǿ緽Ҳһֻϰˡ
Ƿ˺
ҡ
ܾ˺ѩ
նɱǺѩһλʹ
㻹ɱ
˺һ⣬Ǻԥֱӳ
ܺãеɫ˺Ŀư˳ϣȻˣȥɡ
~
ɫʡ
ɲǼ䣬һޱȵĵâ˺һն˳صÿһ䣬ڷֲĵâѡ
һ֮֮ǰκһ֮ϡ
նһ˺Įջ˳ĿԶȺûпһۣоԵţһûκֻᱻһնɱ
һԵ
淢侲˼άޱȵһն֮ǰӦڵһӡǡ
һ΢ֻֻ̨̨ϵӡǡ
ɣֻ̨ĵ׷˺һӡǡ
һ̣ĸоˡ
һֵֺĸо·һ˲䣬Ǿʹһһ磬еĹȻȻƺӦģ֮ĿԽ֪˶ٱ
˺ŵȺ׼ǣȻһ̣ĽŲȻͣ٣һֱȻƽϣһγǿޱȵľ
ӣȴû̫ĸоţĿɿڴ
˺ӣ˾ķ֣һӴޱȵǿջǰ·بžʹһ㣬ǿջչΧİȫʧ׵ȡ
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һУ֮䣬棬ΨзǰȻ
ǰĳѸٱ仯һ㱣ԼȻֻ̨ʮ㣬Ϊֻ̨վ
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ֻ̨ߵĵرĴڣ÷޷Ĵڣȷʵûз˺һǱ˲ɱ磬ֱӱֻ̨ķ顣
ٻңΪ˴ֻ̨𣿡ѯʵ
Ȼ˵ͷ˷һλ᣺֮⣬Ҳһ⣬ϣ㡣
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ʱشȻΪֻ֮ļӺ󣬾Ϳ⣬ǽǺֻ֮أʲôⶼش
֪οһؾĳڣӦܸоһؾ档æ
⣬ܻܲش𣿡
ȻؾĳڣǴȥġߵ۾ƺ̽ؾţؾ
Ƭ̺¶˾֮ɫûжԴ͡
һؾĳڣһԣְ취߻ָһ֣ǳΪؾ֮ؾһжƿ֮УһȻڻ¡
֪ؾûгΪؾ֮Ŀܡ
ڶأҡҡͷԷǲʲô˵Ҳûʲô취
ֻгΪֻ֮״ӣֻ̨ˣЩӣԷûбҪһٻֻ̨Լ轱⣬ԾܾҪ
ڶ֣ӵؾһݱԴҲܿƳڣؾҾͳһݱԴ߶˶٣ܺãһؾԴΨһһݡ
Ȼϲ
õߵ֤ʵ󣬷ԥ
ؾԴҪһֶΡͳһطרƿؾԴһ˼ʹˣҲòˡ
лʵĵл
Ǵֻ̨ˡ
ϷȻһΣһ궼ֻؽʵ֮۵ĳ̶ȣֻ̨֪߳Զ

ڷֻ̨֮ʡ
֮⡣
Ůӽȴš
ͻȻƿһ󶴣Ů˹ȥ㾪
еģȻһķѵʬ壬ȥҲ̶ã״ޱȡ
ȻڰŮΪԷһʬʱǾķѵʬȴǿʼ䶯Ǻܿƴյһ𣬺âڳסʬ塣
⺧˵һĻİŮɫ԰ףһְȾӵĳ嶯
𡭡ߣ˻ƵӺâд˳ȻһϤĸо
ܿ죬âȥǾߡʬ塱Ҳֳ
˺ŮӴʧɫ
û뵽߱ķѵʬ壬Ȼ˺е־ǣ˺죬˭ܽɱ
֮ǰڵ˺ɫ԰֮ҵ˼㣬ϻжѵĺۼĿģ˿ڴźâóǿƴһԶԶûг׵Ȭ
ǿҵĿ־塣
ֵֻ̨һ̣˺оΣգֲֿޱȵĸоԺѩʵʱ򣬶ԶԶ޷֮ȡ
ֻ̨ûԸͻҷˣںѩһѸٻָƣҲǱɡ
ǣǵףʲôʲô˺ޱȡ
죬뿪ǿ˵仰˺һΣӿ׹ȥ
ŮӴ󾪣æ˺סɫʱ䣬оǷסһĲ
ôôŮ૵ľĻͷңԶ˿־壬ʱΪֲĵطҪ˶ɣ㱼䣬·𿴵ǿµһֻ޴ޱȵİɫޣſªĴ죬͵˹
~
ȻһޱȵĲҽУŮӻŲĴ˺ҲƵ



1137 ֮·뿪
ֻ̨ʮ㡣
ֻ̨һطͣã᲻ᱻ˷֡뵽һ⣬ߡ
߻ҡͷֻֻֻ̨ص˲ƿأ֮һֻ磬ֻܿİػʵǿ˷˼ĵزųֻܷ̂
ֵֻ̨ܳʱޣԻץʱ䣬Ҫ˷һλᡣ
˵ͷҲû׼ӡ
ߵĻ⣬ʵֻ̨֪ǶôĲ˼飬ĸطܽٻҪ֪ڿһؾڣǷǳؾ硣
ôݵٻʱ䣬ֻ̨ҵٹʹõģ϶һֲ˼ͨԽʱͿռ䣬ͨ϶ƣһֱάȥʱֻ̨ʧǾʹһλˡ
ڵľ磬Ҳֻٻֻ̨ˡ
뿴ߵƷֻ̨
ǡһʮ㿪ʼֻ̨һЩ仯
Ķûб䣬Ȼÿ֮䶼һҫźڰ׹âĹţ㡣
֮·ֻмǲ߽ܿ͵Ҫõ߼ֻķҪΪ˵״ӣҪƿֻ̨ͱ֮·
֮ͨ·ﶥ㣬ǵһõһС
ƾǿʵӲĻҲܵõĽҪֻظ߼ķƿֻ̨ͱָˡ
ףȻֻصˣƿֻ̨Ȼ
Ϳߵһɡ
˵꣬ǰһʱ뿪ʮ㣬̤ͨʮһĹš
һһţûκα仯Ȼߵ˹ŵľͷʮһʣһ֮ңʱ
ΧľͻȻ䷢췭ظı仯
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Ҫ˵þоʵȫٵġ
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һ֮Եסһ䣬ҲˣΨһ硣ҵ˼·
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иڰ׹âɲǼ䣬ɫ߳ڷǰΧޣȻǺвȻϿգȴһƬ磬ʲô
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ǶϵϵĨԼĴڡ

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Ҳ̸оֻƴԼвУСһЩȻ΢ȴҲ÷ܲѣ֪Լ˼·ȷġ
ڷٽҪ׶ϵϵʱȴǷ֣̫ˡ
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ңҡ
ź㴳ʧܣصʮ㡣ƽ
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Ĵسɼǳľˡߵ
ˣ죺㲻ڰοңʮһ㶼ȥĳɼҲܽоˣ
Ҳᰲοκˡߵ֮·ֵ磬ֻģʥ֮һ£綼𡣡
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Ҫʥһ°ȻΪûƴӳֵ磬ֻҪʱ䣬ֻҪ㿪ʼĴ֮ߣƵٶȶӦı仺һЩ
ֻҪ֧ŵʮ룬ʥƻû䣬ܹء
߿ŷֵʱ䣬ǰ롣
һδأְܼ룬Ҵӵõֻؿʼڣδһ꣬ĳɼۺжΪĳɼǳ㣬һУλΡ
ԭˡ˹
һδأʮһ㣬ʵܳû˵ĳɼõģ˵϶иˡ
Ҳֻ̨ͨĿ飬Ϊֻ֮ӵģһ׿ﶼΪԼܱ˶ǿ
·Ÿոտʼţһ죬Լܳˣ۷塣
ϧˣֻ͹ءҡҡͷʵҲ֪ҪʱƳ룬Ǻεȼѣ·ҪϵĹ߶ϵһϣܰ쵽
淨Ȼ졣
ȻѣһгɣҲǿޱȣ淨£Ȳ淨һгɾͣɼǷǳֵõġ
ҵһεٻǡ
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һֻ̨̣ʧΧǿҲӰ٣·ûгֹһ㡣
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Ԥϡ
ûᡣ
û˿ԥ͵񶯾ģȻΧİ𽥳֣ȴץס˿϶˽ȥ
һĨ̹⣬ͻȻ˷Ұ
ͬʱ纣ӿţԴԴϵĳ뷽ڣŵԼٶȲš
ǡ
¶˼֮ɫ
ΪŵȴвĴڣͬΪҪǣĨ̹⣬÷һϤĸо
̹⡣ͻȻĨ̹⣬ڵ򶫺ֹ̹⣬˵Ƕ̹ı壿
ɲǼ䣬ǧͷӿͷ
̹⣬ؾڣ
ܶȻӦģŵҶ룬̵߽ķٶȡ̹⣬˵ؾԴ
ţĸо˵λãԼİ취
һٻġ
Χӿİƽ˵һ䣬ӰȻʧ



1138 ȥһ
˴硣
һľĺԣеһ֦
֦ȥϹӣȻȴһɫΣȥ쳣ΨԷΪģľдУʱʱˮ棬
ؾ뿪󣬷رؾڣǳڵĿռѷҲʧͻص˲˴硣
е֦Ǵĵõ̹Ȿ塣
ƿ󣬷ȻȻɢάֵһ͵ĵزв˵Ÿɾ̫ʢͬҲ·һ
кܶɻ
Ǹؾ֮䣬ʲôϵ֦ɢΪʲôڵ򶫺֣ǲһֱ
İ֦ȫ෴ô£
֦жѵĺۼǴ۶ģγΪؾԴ
ؾڣΪʲô磿Ҫ֪õǸ꣬ɲˣôģ
ɻؾ֮Уǵûн⿪ţˡ
ʱ˵ǲ׼ȥؾˡ
֮һѩ˳ٽȥĻ϶ǿ硣
ԷڵʵԶԺͺѩ翹⣬˵硣
ҪŪһУ⿪ؾ֮أҲҪѹʸ
ؾѾرգԺֵĿռѷ죬Ҳͨ磬ʲôʱʵˣȥ̽Ҳ١
ȥˡ
磬̨Լʵ
綼ؾ֮УһҶҲȻ̸Ͻˡ
ĿǰΪֹ˶룬ǽӴĻȥ磬ǣԪ硣
ǷӴĵһ磬ûʲôУͬҲû
٣ⲻǷĵһѡ
ȥԪĻôҪȥ磬ûκˡ
ǡ
Ŀ΢Ϊ֮ƣҲֻȥǿ˵
뵽վǽ֦֮УԶС
~
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˺ս̫ٻ𱻴ԭΣȴû˵һʱĻָ±˽̬
ס̫ٻ𣬷Žռ䣬ͨ麣Ż
ǡ

ոսڳǲãһϲͻȻ
һ㶣عȥʱһϲ档
ԼһȥĴ磬;ܵĽϮΪ˱޾գǰĴ磬Դ˺ʧɢ
عʱȻίη棬ǶԷҲǲ֪ڼԷȻҲʮϲ
ȫ㣬ҶһܻŻһ¥˵飬һᣬͻȻ¶֮ɫ
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ʱʧɢȻĽձˣǸͨȴڱ״̬ʹʯҲ޷סһ磬ֻܻסһ½ȥ
һξ䣬˶ˣҪ뿪ȴЩǿǲκ뿪ǲʧܣҪģĴ磬ʱҲ֪ԼҳЩڻңȴΪ
Һʱηɺѻˣҵңηɳ˵壬Ҳŵˣ˶ҪһӣҲʲôҪ̾ϢҺηɺ޽飬Ԯ֣ȻΪ㣬ηҲûǷҡ
˵β㣬ҿ϶ᱻĴ磬䵱ڻҡ
ңη֪ĴĿ£Ҳ֪֮ǰͼ߸һ뷨ǺεȵĲ֪ߵغ
ҲǾ֮͡ˣ׼붥ģʲôЩ׼żΣ
֪ϢһֱͨҲ׼
Ҫȥ磿ɴ۾ϾͷӦҲԣˡ
죬Щʧ
һȥĴ磬Ǻļȴ֮𣬷ʵΪǿߣʵλԶԶ磬Լȴǲ㶪С
浹ǶʼɣĽȴٲ˵ģиǸп
磬û˲ȥʵ̫ĻֻΪײڻҡҡҡͷϧһеĻҲȥ磬ûκ壬죬ǿȥˡ
֪ʮ綼ͬвء˼·ŷҪȷһ㣬ԼҪȥһ磿



1139 ʮ
Լȥһ磿

˵ĺܶԣҪȷһ£ȻȥǸһȥģǺʣԼѡǵһλʹȥˣҲΪԺŬĿꡣ
ʮ󶥼磬˽٣ûϻش𣬶ôһ⡣
Ȼ֪޲ԡ϶
˼·Żʮ󶥼磬ֱԪ硢ؽ硢硢磬Ľ磬磬硢硢硢Ž磬Щ磬һϵĵλԭΪһǿޱȵĳڣҲΪĳһϵߣǵʥصȵȡ
ףһǿģԳǺ£ĳһϵߵʥأؽˣеʥأڵؽ棬޵Ҳģ֮
ʮ磬ȫ˽ģ֪ṩżͨģֻ߸磬硢ͺ磬⿪ţҲнͨûеģѡģֻ߸硣油
Ԫ硢ؽ硢硢硢Ľ硢硢Ž硣
ѡģ߸硣
УԪ硢ؽ硢磬ǽǵģ˵ܽҪΪ硣
ûбԼߴ󶥼˽⣬ȫ˵˳
ȻϢͨݺʵ֪ҲǷǳ٣ܶ඼ǵ;˵Է˵Ȼɶõĵһϡ
ߴ󶥼磬Ž硢ĽĪ⣬˽ķǳ٣Ҳûӡ
硣
Ԫ磬ö˵ĿǰΪֹӴĶ磬ǷĵһѡߣԷҲ
ؽ硢磬Է˵Ī
ǵޣؽĿеʥأȥؽĻԷδĳɳȻмã˵طһ淨ݷ֪һ淨ǵؽ磬Ҫط߲ΣõķôؽǱȥġ
Щŵ㣬ȱڣؽ׼żǳĸߣԶԪ硢ȡ
ʹǶľޣӵʵҴƱ˵һܽؽ硣
硣
磬ǽ޵ʥأĽޣɲϵģԿΪʹõǵǹһݣǽޡ
̾뵽ˣ֮λڣڽ硣
ȥ磬лᣬѧϰһ淨
֮Ǿױȵģ淨ж²⣬֮Ҫط֮ϣлѧϰ
ң׼żҪڵؽ硣
硣
ҲһĪ磬֪ķǳ٣ǡɶ˽һЩΪֻ֮ˡ
λڣɳġ
Ȼֻصķֻ̫⣬⿿ԼĻδгɣȥ磬ֻ֮ɳУܵõһЩĻ⣬ֻĪĺôĸΪ˳
磬
ؽȻеʥغط׼żߣ׼żͣѧϰ֮磬÷ֻء
Ҫ֪ط֮淨ܷѧδ֪һԡ
淨ǿû˻״ڡ
Ƚֻصƾͷǳˣ淨ֻҪֻ̨ܻá
Ȩŵʧ
ѡҪġ
벻ףһѡһûô׽Ķˡ
ѡһ磬Էδĳɳžصá
Ҳǲòؿǡ
֮
ôˣȥһ𣿡Сĵʵ
ˡչһЦһ̣˾

Ź
͹貽֪԰еڳߴص֮һ
ͨŻһͨ˿飬ܽӦĶ硣
Ź֣ԢȻԾһɳ죬˵ܽ붥磬ͬһ죬㻯
˵Ҳڳֵĵط֮һÿ춼ˡ
Ȼٶ࣬ʸŹˣȴǷǳ٣ɲǹ貽֪԰˿ɽûһʵǲܽŹġ
һգͷŹ֮⡣



1140 ѡؽ
һӴĹبǰ˹
Ź档
ǵһ֪԰͹貽Ϊ˿ɽȻûж棬Źһ
Ź֮⣬ϰ֮࣬ĿʱʱĴܡ
Ǹʲô֣һĻȵ
ҡҡͷҲ֪飺ֵģֻкһ֣˶ԼĿġ
ŹҪʵǶڶһǷǳŵЩˡ
ŹսȥҲ˵ǵʵͻύһǵʱͻһǿ
֮⣬һЩ˾ԶģҲע˽Źͨ˿飬ôܵһʱ佫ϢȥǱ£
ǵʱ䲻࣬ʵ̫죬ûãǾͲʺˣ˶෴֪Ҫͣܳһʱ䣬Ǻ
ùǡ
֣ʱŹ֮Щע⡣
ڴսܺ칬ķϾͱ˳
뺣칬һսҲһС£˼ĺ䶯ҲȵȻ󲻾÷ȥĴ磬ûǳ֣ʱ䣬
ʲôѵȥ磬ʲôЦȺУһȥλߵȻʧЦ
ԷľٶԵòΪȻ
ܺ칬ˣȵУĽУҲСӣΪĳһԭ򣬿ǳĲ˳ۡ
ţʲô߼ΧЦʵ
ʲô߼ⲻŵЦЦ룬ⷽܺ칬갰ǣŹȥ˶ã
ʱҲˣôʱѵΪʵ죿Ц⻰⣬ö˵ΪԲˣûʲôġ
⻰һ˶Ƿ׷׵ͷ
࣬ʵȷʵûô졣˵ͷ
쵽죬һĿԽô׵ģʹʱ۷壬ʱ䣬ҲδܿԽȥ
˵Ҫһһ죬Ҫʱ䶼Ϊǿĳһ죬޷ͻơ
ꣿչһΣֹʱ䡣
ʲôɻ
֪ΪʵǿΪȥҲװɡʼ
˵ⷽǳ֣Ӧǲ֪ŹҪʵԱ˵
һһϵó˽ۡ
ûжΪܽŹ֮ЦſЦ
ʱҲߵ˹֮⡣
ףɹףмĿԶĹŵһۡ
֪ʵģ˵ǽŹˣʹͨǰȥ磬ûѶȡ
˵ͷƽߵ˹ǰưȥ
âͬʵʣֹ˷ǰһȴǸͲڷһ˺϶ʱѿһ󶴣ɵ˽ȥ
棬ŵȫɵˡ
ȥˡ
ôܣô̵ʱ䣬Ȼˣ
˶סˣǹŵˣǸеϷգ·һǼǶ档
ʲô˲ģҲǽŹˣܲȥ绹δ֪ɫѿ˭֪ѼӲˡ
Էûƫˣ۾

󣬷һ޴Ĺ㳡ϣǴŹˡ
㳡Ͽյģһ˶ûС
󣬶ʱһֳһžᡣ
һĿʮУܿ;ϵ۵ס
ѡҪȥĶ𣿡
ѡ߸磬ѶȲͬҲͬ
ȥһ磿
֮ǰĻԥһʱ˴𰸡
ѡĶǡؽ硣ƽ
ؽ硣
Ƿѡ
ȻԷ˵ҲмǷûǣ޲ĸһеԴ
ֻ֮صȣ£÷ѹʥǷҪߵĸԶΪʥδ׷Ѱ翵Ĳ֮޲ѡ
~
ڷѡ֮㳡ľͷһ貵Ĺ·ңԶ͹㳡һڹ·һˣһӴĹ֡
ǿ𣿡һܿߵ˹㳡ͷûԥֱӵ˹·



1141 ʹ
Ź
ף;ˡһֵӹһЦе飬һ뿪ԭأڹ㳡Ͽա
;⵹ѵһ
һӰڹ㳡֮ϣһһ߸Ӱ֣ÿһ˷ֱӦһ硣
ˣ߸ĽʹλȨء
ʱжЩڴ
Źˣÿ˶ֻбжмǿǱˣŻ㳡Ŀ飬ֽ;ѶȼߣԶһĿܱȵġ
ǣһ;ߵͷĹĻôҲõϣӵĳ̶Ⱥ͵λԶͨ;붥ˡ
Ҫ˵Ҫ붥磬Բֹһ·
ЩӶǵˣҪȥ׶ˣһЩҲƼʸǴһЩ˻ض磬ǺߵĻЩ˻ҲԶ
Ź·ѵģһɹҲӣ
治֪ô࣬ʹ֪ˣҲѡŹ
ѡһɡ
ûһʮа˾ţѡؽ硣
ǿδأÿһ޶ؽģҿһɼǿĽ⣬޼᲻ݣϼѵĽӣ˵ǽ硣
ˣǶˣҪȥģ硣
˷׷̸Цţȴŷѡ
·㳡ϣԼѡ
Ȼǵؽ硣֮ҡҡͷɫ䣬ȴûжٰ֮ɫ
ʵôǵԤϣϾΪޣѡĿԲ󣬾ǰ˵뽣ˣҲƽ֮ǰĻǿЦˡ
ˡ֮һ뿪
˷׷뿪
Ȼѡ˵ؽ磬ҲûʲôȤȥ
Ź;ˣȻ٣ÿһʱ䶼һܽ˵ǱǿһţǣҲ˰ˡ
ţӲȱνţ˵ߡ
Ǽ̫ţҲ̫ള;˳ͨ붥ˡ
һˣҲûֳжô춯صĵطȻѡĲǴ磬ȻҲûʲôȤע
ɲǼ䣬㳡Ͽֻʣˡ
һ£һֲֵָӣǵؽĽʹͨǺ͵ؽ磬˴صؽ磬Ҳķ¡
ۿӦ֮壬һˣһϮ˻һ޳Ȼһ˵Ľ⣬ȴǴԴԴɢݳһѷޱȵ񽣣ܿٵһ㡣
ӣǽĽʹ
ལôߣؽʹֵĿ˶Էһۡ
ոս˱չأмģһʱ䡣ལζĿ˵ؽʹһۣôԪֺ
Ϊʹƽʱ£ֻҪڳ֣˴ȥͿˣִ;ˣҲһҪƽ˵ǷǳС
㡣Ԫֺνҡҡͷ
ûͺãȿСӵϡལһЦһУܿһâལУһߵԪֺͬĶ
ڳǣҲᣬԽʹĵλԲ쿴κһ˵ϡ
ܿ죬ǾͻŪ˷ľϣȻ֪ģͨǵľȻ档
Ŷǰһ죬˺칬ȵ𣿡
μǰõǧǰĴ磬żΪɫı֣
ལ¶˼ֳԾ֮ɫ
ǵݺ͵λƽʱǸûҪǹע飬Ҳ벻ǵۣܺ칬£ĻᴫǶУ֮ǰԷһ֪
ĴǱߵǶҲ֪һЩȻϢҲһЩֲ֪ס
ҲͰˣལԾǣǰ죬ȥһĴ磬ʵǸֲףҲҪʵ
쵽죬ʱ̣֮ⲻòལеȡ
ԪֺҲ¶Ȥɫ˵Ŀ⣬ȫ˷ϡ
Źʼء
νĵ;һ̤Ϲ·̾͸о죬һЩ޷á
һԡ
ʵۣ֮޷
޼֮ʩչ
ʵ״̬Ҳ޷л

ֻܶõ޵𣿡˹ǵ;ϵƣѡǵؽ磬ԵĿҲǵޡ
ǵ޵ʥأǵֻҪʵĻ»ĺܲҡ
ģĸʹֻܶõ޵ʵҲȥ
ԼǰʮӺǰ仯һ̷ӣгһɽʯ״ĵرϢ䣬ƻˡ
һأʧܡ̷
ʹŴľ֪˹Ҫͨ飬ܵ;ϵعߣڹ涨ʱڵͨسɹ
Ķ̷ӣˣһͶӰˣˣҲ÷ϻ
~
һǹǳֱͷųס˶̷ӣߴ߶ɽʯ״ĵر׼Ĺ߽⣬˲䱻ŤһƬѪ
ǳȥƽǰȥ
ϷԪֺལһо۵ףûʲô֮ɫ
һضܸɾĴǲŽй¡
Ƕľǳ룬ûںϾĵ֮ľ磬;һؿԪֺ
ѡ˵ؽ󣬵;Եľǵ޵Ŀ飬ͬ˽;ĹؿҲһ
ǳľؿں˾ĵ֮ǾؿˣߣֵĹؿҲԽࡣ
һؿعʵһ죬ڶǶ죬ԴƣؿعʵҪܻⷽؿعߣֻҪڹ涨ʱڲܣǹءལһԲ䣬һ䣺ǵؽĿˣ˵ĶԲԡ
Ԫֺ˵ͷ
Ҫ˵ǵĿѶҲ̫ˣľҪعߣǽѶȾûôߡལʼ硣
ûƣԶĻǻսʤһع߲ʲôǴ޻߽޵ѶȾͷǳˡ
ǵؽ磬ֻҪĵޡԪֺ
̸䣬Ѿء
ÿһصعߣһɱ
ڷǰûκεֿһ¶ͱ˲ɱĵرûжãǳ
λʹ򶨡
ǰزʲôڵľ磬ɴҲǸˣĹأӦһ衣Ԫֺƽ
ལ˵ͷĹصعߣʵ
ȻԪֺĻŸ£˾ͿĹصع߸һ¶棬ֱӻһƬѪ



1142 Ԫֺ
ɱ
ɱɾ䡣
Ԫֺལϵƽƣ¶֮ɫ
ʵع߲ʲôƽƼǣɱˣǷ
ľĵ֮ûںϣȻ˲ɱعߡ
ңȻûжκһĵرɱعߵģǳ
Ҫ֪ǿǵǿĻĵر
ûóɱعߣȫԸֻᵽ̶ֳȣ
Сӡ
Ԫֺûһ㱻ŭһ㶼ںĿ⣬ڿƵĿŷ
ԱߵལĿһתͻȻ˵ԪֺǴΣ
붼롣û˵꣬Ԫֺͺԥľʵľ磬ȥǵؽʺϵġ
ǿδءԪֺ΢΢һЦҲգǵؽĵź֮࣬ⷽǱȻˣǻǵؽŰɣʹȥ˵ؽ磬öԴǽͲһˣǽĵУģȥ˾ߵȼĴĳɾδؾͲˡ
ؽǵ޵ʥأÿ޶ȥؽ硣
Ե޵ԣ߲ͨ磬ĸ綼ǼΪܻӭġ
ǵؽƣǽɱȡԪֺҡҡͷ
Ȼ˵ǿӲȴҲףལ˵Ĳ޵ؽŵǺ֮࣬и˵ľʮ꣬һĳţʵǿĳ
ǿϾǳԶ磬޷ЩȣҲò
ҪɷŹһţԪֺҲ϶ǲԸġ
̬ȼལһҲûзϻȥ⣬׼˽ºͷӴȡı䷽뷨
λʹ˼䣬Ѿ˵أҲǵ;һؿ
ãһߴӰסȥ·
յ㡣صع߿ŷĮ
һۡ
ǳȻ漴عϣߵȻһϾµֱ
ˡعߵ
Ԫֺལǰ˿һ·ǳɱعߣһִƺصعҲ᲻һ
ˣǷ̫ˣ˵ĳҲ̫
Һá֪УԪֺɲϣõؽĵ;飬ᱻɵȥ
أܵס
ལҲǵ˵ͷӦܿʵʵˣ֪֧Ŷá
ǰĹأͲʲôֻͻƵٶȿˣܽﴳ;ģͻƵĹأǵؾѶˡ
˶¶ڴ֮ɫ
ɡ
عĿĮǰһɫ⣬͵˹
Ц̫ٻ︡֡
ûӡƵıҪֱӻӶ̫ٻɲǼ䣬·̫ڵ;ϱը
һֲʱĺɫ⾡ɡ
ڶ޾Ĺâ糱ˮӿֱӽع߷ٳ˷ɻҡ
أͻơ
ƽ̫ٻ𣬼ǰȥȻЩǣ·Ҳûгعߣͨߵ˾ͷ
ôͨˣҡҡͷ΢˹·ͷĹģͳ
ϿգԪֺལȫסˡ
û뵽Ϊסĵعߣڷ˵Ĳһ˲ͱɱ
⣬⡭ལ죬Ҫ˵Щʲô
ǵؽҪˡԪֺͻȻڵնͬʱ÷һĿལ
ԭԪֺ̬ȶٻЩǿ˷ڵصı֣̾¶˾ģΣҪյؽ硣
̫ɣɱعֵ̫߱ˣ˵ʵֹڴˡ
Ԫֺ˵ų˵֮󣬷ʵǼʹڻ۷壬ѾǾף͵ؽűǺܴ
ʵλʹУ㲻ʲôؼڷľ磬ǳľʵֱ֮
ԪֺôϷߡ
ལĿתûж˵ʲôȻⲻͷˡ
һЦལӰʱʧԪֺҲ뿪

ͽ󣬷֣ǰһĽȺΰ
ǰ¥ϣд֣Ź
Ź֮ǰĵطǽпڰˡ

һ£ſֲֲϸֵӣͻȻڷǰ
ˣĿ΢
ӶԷϣо˿ֲ˽ƽվΧĿռȴˡ
죬졣д󺧣ԷǱĽ˺ҪΪµǿߡ
ǿߣھУ޵дڣԶ˵ȴԶԶûô
ǵؽĽʹԽԪֺŷԪֺ΢Ц



1143 ꣨ϣ
Ԫֺҵ
ǰӣȻ켶ǿߣ˺һ˶ԺΪʱЩףӦȼǿߣеĳƺš
ͨŹ;Ŀ飬ԺǵؽһԱӭļ롣Ԫֺ΢Ц̬º͡
ͨؽĴ󣬶ÿʮ꿪һΣһοȥ꣬㻹Ҫ꣬ܺһȥؽ硣
棬ŹڣвͬǰؽˣʲôʣҲʱҡԪֺ
ñ֪ԪֺźĴ»ʼɵۺ졣
Ԫֺĵǿ߰ľ徳磬ʹתҲǶľ۷壬ǵؽԵϵʶ⣬Զڷ֮ϣָߺܶ·
ңʹȨǳǳȻĵλǸûдһ˼ʹʣҲȥǡ
˳ŵҲΪ÷
𣿡ԣüͷ¡
ûлԪֺĻϾؽһؾ֮УҪ϶ûôףʹڵؽ棬Ҳʲôʮ꿪һҲصΪһˣһΡ
갡
˵ⲻ΢ʱ䣬ȴôΪ
Ԫֺˣܲٹ˻ᣬѯʵ
вܣŹĵط϶óǻķ꣬ҲǷϣġ
ԪֺüͷҲ
˵ͨ˶Źڣȴؽ磬Ҳ͵ʮ꣬ʱ䲻Ҳ
˵ĻԪֺ϶ȻܾӰŵĻֱӻȡؽʸ
ǣԷǼΪصġ
ȻڵʵԶԷľǱֻҪ;䣬Ҫ׾١
ֻҪ̫֣Ҳڿ̡
ԪֺˣһһЩûаźãôȥؽĻʵǷĲ¡ԪֺЩ⶯æ
ðɡԪֺ˵ͷڴӦ
ָһһŹֵˮɵ˷ǰ
ҵ´λصǵʱ򣬾֪ͨҡԪֺ֣ص
ɫ΢ǽ
ˣһ䡣Ԫֺ˷һۣķͬСɣиΪδĻͲҪ̽ģס仰ȵ˵ؽ磬㲻ڵġ
ǡ΢ݡ
ǵ߲磬Ҳһ߲磬Σպͻ档
ΣҲͰˣµ˵ԼĸӰ쵽δ
û׼֮̽ԪֺĻǼᶨһ뷨

˴硣
صڳǣ棬˷ܡ
Ŀ½ŹǵǴ˰ȵͨ顢ؽϢ»һ¥ΪǶ濺ܵΪѣҲɡ
ȻһЦ
Լǵҫһ㶼⣬Ҳûȥ˼ҲǾ
뿪»ʧ֣ܶ꣬ԵټˡƽҪѸǵġ
Ҳ侲ǰ꣬ͻȻһֻ㱵ĸо
ģһ죬ǻټġͷȥ˵ն
˵ͷƬ̺뿪
ǵѲ࣬ܿ죬Ǹǣ뿪ǡ
ĳһ
Ԫֺལλʹţֱ뿪֮֮ղŻ
㻹ǴɣҲȥӴġԪֺҶţûκλᡣ
δءལ΢΢һЦһ㶼գɢΪ콣ʧ

˴硣
Ԫֺ˵һЩûаźãʵȫǽڡ
һȥؽ磬֪Ҫòܻʮ꣬Ҳпܸô뿪ĻȷʵҲǲġ
Ҫһ鶼׵ʱ䣬Щˡ
һ̾͵һδ½ϡ
ıչ֮ء
һɽţ֮ûгȥ̫︡ٻ𣬽˾룬󼤻˽ǶĽѪ̫ٻĵȼ
ͻƵľ󣬷ƿظǿĵر
ϴʱ䣬ʱ̫ٻԶûĿǰƿصļޣгɳء
ţȡһĥ̴Сɫԭʯ
ʱԭʯ
̺൱һǧʱ֮ɳʱ
ʱֿ֮ͻĵرķ룬ûмôΪһʱֻܾһĵرǰȻǾ̫ٻȡ
ϾȼĻʱֵ֮ҲӲ


1144 ꣨У
ʱԭʯʱ֮ɳһֻʱһȻǰߵʹʱ䣬һʱ֮ɳǧ֮ࡣ
һʱԭʯȫյĻʱֱ֮ȻߵĲΡ
һóȻΪ˽ʱ֮֡
ĿģΪ˼ٲ˴Ļָ
뿪Լȷʲôʱܻ˿϶Ҫ鰲ŵ㹻׵
Ǳߣûʲô⣬ǸؾѾ׷գҵȻǰɳȻһͨ磬ûнΪ磬еһˮκע⡣
ǱߣЩ˳Ҳȥ˺͵ϵʹ麣ҵǣҲ鷳й¶ĵϸ
Ψһ鷳ģǲ˴ߡ
ϴΣ뿪ľһЩһЩСðȻûʲôˣȴҲǸõͷ
ڲ˴ĸ̫ǳЩǴǿߣ£Ҳδȷǵģһֱڲ˴磬ȻѹһУκ˶ģǳʱ䲻ֵĻܻв
˴磬ǷĴӪлѩȵˣҲסǾԲʧġ
Ȼвٵİ취ȷڷ뿪ڼ䣬ȶ˴ľơ
ǣҪһݵİ취׽һ
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ڷ֮ϵģڶ
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ڷȻʯŵӰ죬ԼܵĽȨȻ̶ֳȣɼҲϣӦ˶ĵһ
лѩ˳ϵڶ֮λڲ˴ڵȨ»ԶĽ
˴Ǹ߼磬λġ
ΨһǣʱĲ˴Ȼȸսʱת˲٣ԴڣҪɳڶĳ̶ȣҪΪʱ䡣
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ԿɡҲûʮİգĿһƬӴĹâһҫ۵İɫԺš
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ˣ֮ǰ˴ĻָٶȶҪϼʮ֮ࡣ
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֦ؾԴô򵥣ʲôԴӣʲôϵ
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ҡҡͷڵ޷Ū࣬ĵǣ֦ĴڣԲ˴аһ
˴ĳɳҲļӿ첻١
ֻҪĴٵʱ䣬ܳɳͬһΡ
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ԵĽǳɹģ֦Ĵ̫߼ʱԭʯãûһô࣬Ҳʤޡ
ʱԭʯ֦˹â󣬷ȫ
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~
һ˲䴫硣
ɲǼ䣬˴ˣһظĸоͷ·һֱǱߣߵ˾ͷ󣬻¶ޱȡ
˶Ǿޱȡ
֮ǰǿɴûиܵһ㡣
ֻз֪ô¡
еҲӰģֻӰǱĬѽ֮֡
ڲ˴ˣظĸоΪ˴磬Ƕȹڣʼ˿ٳɳĵ·ֱ仯ҲӰ쵽ڵˡ

ʲôҳΪڶлѩɴ۾ԾС
ǡ˵ͷ֪ҺܿҪȥؽ磬Ҫ鶼źã飬Ҳϣٴγ֡
ѩ㣬֧㡣һԽ
лѩЩڴҲЩ
Ƿ磬Ϊӣڷ뿪ʱ򣬹ò˴磬岻ݴǵ飬лѩȴǣҲʡ
˴磬ôܵڶλ
ԣɿЦ
ķչҲ׹Լ뷨Щ뻯ˡ
һĵǺεȼѡ
ǱȻһĻƽʢ콾ˣҪʱȥȥۡ
˴ŸնȹڣȻԶԵڶ
лѩӵˣȴ޷緢չһ
ڶǲ̫ˣһĸ߼磬ҲҪʮ꣬ܵڶ˴ȻҪϲ٣ҲҪǧһʱ䡣
ҿΪαҲڲ˴ʱͳ硣
ȻȨȲĽڲ˴ڣȻ޵еġ϶˵ţԼ뿪˴糤֮ãֻҪڼ䲻Ϳˡ
᲻Ӱ쵽㣿лѩûϴӦǵĵһ䡣
İɡ
§סлѩһŶ衣



1145 ꣨£
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Ŀ͸룬˹â
ͽԴе˲СĳɳΨһûʲô仯ģǽ֦ԽԽʢ⣬ޱ仯
һڽգȴǷ˸ı䡣
ע⵽ı仯һʱ佫ĿͶ
һɫδ֦ҫ·Ůɢ纣ŨУ֦ڷһЩ仯
Ī·֦ÿһ䣬ɫâͬʵʰţ֦֮һĲλۣγһɫĹţۡ
ǿҵĳһ̶ʱ
ϢģһɫС㶸Ȼƿ˹ţ֦֮ϡ
ǣһССѿ
ͷ΢ܱ䣬ָ֦һССѿԴΣȥ磬Ըо̺żΪֲеľĸо
ȴӰ쵽˴磬Ϊڲ˴ָԵʣ˲˴ӡŽܵϵ
ΪӦ˶ĵһҲܸоԼ֦֮ϵ֮ǰĵƿأҪܵĶ࣬ȵĸΪʢͲ˴ϵԽԽܣҲ֮ƿأǽΪؾԿס
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ոͻƵľǻᣬʵ˳Ľ
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ص㣬ڲ½һƽԭϡ
ѩ𣿡һԵлѩ
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󣬷Ŀɨƽԭϣˡ
Կʼˡ
һлѩƽԭϿա
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䣬컻أõһɽƾճ֣һֶ֮Σܡ
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ӴޱȵˣлѩϣȻ䣬ޱ˴ǰγһ̨ףлѩʰϣ˷׷״䣬γһ̨ףߵھŲʱһ޴ֳлѩȥʱｻ֮Ӧޱʤ֣·Д·
µĽŵĺ˳
ոռʶһ֮컻صֶΣϾͼµĽ˵ޱȵĸӡ
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ȴ֪лѩڵ̣ȻԼһģһʵȴر̨ףõģ˵ȨԷֻݴְȨ
Ǹ컻أ˶𺳣жӦ½лѩλãʮ֮ԶȻܿ壬ЩӰ죬Էֱõġ
վڲ˴ĵһ߷֮ϣǶ֮λǺε𺳵ĳ档
ûǷӦʽѾ
ʧһޱȵǻƾճ֣лѩΧ
̺ǻ˴籾۲ģǴʱȹڣ˳ɳȴǳɹ˳
ֻҪǻڣ˴ڣʹǿߣҲлѩĶ֡
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лѩһǵǻʱͬӴ䡣
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ոγɵĵһ߷壬ǻǰȫǶƳɵһ㣬˲ҷ
صһĻʱס
Ҫ֪Ų˴߼磬ѸٳɳԽԽ̣ԼԽԽ£ûһܻٵĸ߷塣
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飬ɹתʵ塣
¶һ˿Цݣ֪䣬Ѿȥʱ뿪ˡ



1146 ལ
麣ǡ
ͨ󣬸ոյִͻȻɫ΢䣬Ϊֵĵطڳڣһͥ԰ڡ
ô᣿üͷšȷԼĴ͹ûг
Ψһܿ϶ģﻹǡ
Ŀľܡ
Ҫţûʲô⡣һƽͥ԰ȻˣΪβһ𣿡
üͷ΢һٲͥ԰
һľ¥ͤһţҲûվǵͷʾһ¡
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ָָ档
ûоֱܾӶ棬Ŀȥһݣϣо˷ƥĽ⣬Է˶·һ񽣣ϵƥ⣬ƺҪ˺١
Ҫ֪ǣеܵ˼ѹƣͨ죬£ϵĽ⣬ȴԸ˸оɼԷĿ¡
ģΪҷԸȥһ֣Ͱ㴫͹΢΢һЦ˷еľ衣
֪кιɣʵ
ǽĽʹԽΪལӵȻԭģѾ֪ͨԪֺܿͻϹȻһ裬Ҳ˶ãǾͳ˵ɡ
һڷִ͵İط̾Ԫֺû뵽һٶҲûӹལ۾
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ԷҽܣȻԷȻǿߣŻԼѹȸУ˵Ľ⣬ǳԽԵʡ
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ལ˵ͷĿЩȵĿŷǰ㴳Źĵ;㴳سɹˣԪֺʱҲڳò˵ıҼΪĶ
һ㣬㣬ԸԸ磿
üŻشҿԸס
ؽĺôͲҶ˵ˣҲҪһ㣬츳ǱȻˣڵؽ磬֪棬бǿģЩǽӴţǲ֪ǿ̶ֳȣȥؽ磬̫ӡལЦ̫ԪֺĻǿǿ˲֪ж٣ı֤û̫塣
أȻҲһͬԶԶ˽磬һ£ڽ磬ܺȼĵָģҲӦ֪Ǹ綼ӵޣȥĻԻܵӣĳɾͣؽá
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ǵʹҲˣʮǰֹһκĵޣҲǴŹ;ʱľ磬Ƕľ۷壬ҪأԵĶعߡ
κҲɴ˵أͨ顣
ལŷ
츳ǱҲȥΪʹλʹѡۿصḶ́ʱı֣еĽʹ
Ϊκıע⣬ȥǵĴ磬Щʹ׷ó˼ΪźĴͳŵȻκȴһһ⣬ĵҪȥؽ磬ΪΪؽǵ޵ʥأҲߵá
յĽأ
ལЦһ
Σ׷ʵ
Ȼˡལʼ磺ؽȷʵǵ޵ʥأߵãǵҲ̫ࡣ
ʹΪǾţʵҲˣκȥؽʱҲޣ˲Сĺ䶯Ǻܿ죬˱ŵսһĶб׻ܣܴ죬׵ĳ˵ʲôʱͻϢȥûκ˻עһʧߡ
ǵؽ磬Զûеôá
Ĭ
ؽĶ磬ǿŵĵޣȥ֮ǰҲ޷
ལ˵ûʹΪǾţʵҲˡ
Ͼʹ죬ڶԶԶƲǸ߲㣬ܽӴĲޡ
úÿһ£ҪҪȥؽ硣ལ΢Ц
ΪȨ⣬Ȼû뵽ǣϾ˻ظ
лʶѾȥؽ硣ն
ţལƭκĹҲġ
ǣⲻ÷ıԼ뷨
ˣལ飬ǶĻһĴԵ߾硣
ܶʱ򣬴ҵ츳Ǳ޼еȴߵĸԶеȴֹǰǵˣԽ棬ǰѾû·ʱ򣬱ƴľһǰ־ͼ֡
ɳηǰעʲôɾ͵ġ
ⲻ³çһǻۡ
ңԷ֮
һ㣬ʶû
Ϊ֮淨ڳһĽʹóģལŵҲš
ལ㵡
û뵽Ȼһ㶯ҡûС
üͷ΢΢ལȰ˵ͻȻĿһ
ȻˣҲǿҵԺıĻʱҡལټ˵һ䣬ָһɫСɵ˷ǰ
һ̡
~
ͥ԰ȻһζһֺȻ˺ѺۣԪֺĿ˽
ལˡԪֺ俴ŶԷ
ҲһˡལںЦˣˣ˺ȻˣͰҲһ߰ɡ
ߡ
Ԫֺ´ΣҲ
ûж֣ܵѹ̫ˣҲûҪ
ȻıߣԪֺҲͲưոˡ
ལ벻⣬ûԪֺĻһ¡
ڽǲһΣʵϣ߸ʹ֮䣬ǽŵľ
Ƿǵûýʹ֪ĵزۿģֹལԪֺˣֻ࣬ʱԵڽҲҡ
ղԪֺºݻҲʹŷ뿪
Ź
ལ˵κ°ɣԪֺͻȻڡ
ԣһ㶣ϵ˵ͷ
Ҳ·ԪֺмĺһལǷǳ˽⡣
ԶҡκԪֺ̾˿ЩӣκҲԽؽģҲ
κ֮Ի٣Ϊ̫ţ̫ҡ̫˳ˣĿһУţ㲻Ჽĺ󳾣ؽҲûеô¡
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е⡣
־ᶨ˵ؽ޵ʱ޿̵ĸоӴѹǶ־ᶨ˵ٴѹֻΪԽӵĻԽˮ
κ̫˳ˣȥؽǰûʲôۡ
ȻҲ˳ڵõļ䣬Ϊǰеľ޴ۣĥѣ̲ε־֮꣬˻Ĵ磬㶼ߣңսվģȴ



1147 ؽ磨ϣ
ˡ
ԪֺѷŹĽȺǰסŵˣ׼һͬؽˡ
ʮһ뿪ȴͨԪֺԸ
˵꣬Ԫֺһ뿪
ûר¡ص˽ܷ˼Ҳܲµó
κĽѵϣ̫ҡƽĶȹСʱڡ
Ԫֺİţûʲô飬ֱһ޴֮Увˣǧ֮ࡣ
һŹҲҪ죬ʲôʱôǿˣĴˣĸоС
ְɣȻôˡһˬʵԱߴ˵һĸߴӡ
ͲĿҲ⣬ֻǶЦЦ
ҽаغأԱš

ֵغƺû˵ŷһȥ
ûоܾ
غŷߵһǰѾкüˣŮ
ֵܣҸһ£λѩλǺغͬһһܡ
ЩˣȻǵޣ˵صǧˣ󲿷Ҳǵޡ
ǵһΣ֮ĵ޾ۼ
غһˣȫǶľޣڴ棬Ҳǲģע⵽ǧޣдĽ쾳ͨУľĵ٣ֻռ˰ٷ֮һҡ
ôˣô¡ʵ
ǣкӲмһЦǵõ˽ؽˣ޷Щͨȡ
У͸Űƺʮֿˡ
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׹Щˣͨ߹ϵõףǿʵĵؽ磬Ȼǲмһˡ
ʵҲܳؽڵһЩһЩˣҪǴصؽ磬ֻĳЩƼ˽ؽʸȵȣͻͨʹߡ
֣֪֧˶ãغЦʵ
ţһϾͻعҲŹĿ飬Ҫȵ;һ
ͨſˣҲܽؽ磬Ȼӳ̶ȣ϶Զͨ;ˡ
ʲôɼ΢Цûоſ飬Ȼ
֧ʮӣͨ飬ǼУұֵĺһ㣬֧ʮӣǱǿˣģѩʮ֮ã߳š
Ҫ֪Ҫʵ߳ŵġغ
ѩһµŮӣףȻɢϢʱغ˵ҲֻǵƳͷһۣջĿ⡣
Ҳ˵ѩʵ춼û
ǿѩˣغ˿֪Ҳһ졣
ǵľ磬ͷһҲǳľûںϾĵ֮ʵһĴ磬ȷʵǾˡ
أغ׷ʵ
ңҲ֧ʮӰɣǿءЦЦûȤҫ
غЦݵĵ˵ͷҲ룬ǺȴһȻôŷĻ
ûˡ
غ˵˼ó޷ǾǱһŰˣϾģǴ˵еĵʥأȱţʶľˣȽؽ໥Ӧ
һĵޣǿۣǶľޣűغϡ
Ŀɨȫ֣С壬ǲ٣лһЩԵĺȺΧ˸롣
㿴ǼʮǵؽˣǻعؽģûõؽרΪǿֻͨܵȴʮһεĴ͡غָָһȺŮ
ЩԵؽ磬Ȼ˷
ЩҲǶľޣǵϴ̫ǿƣ˶ָӣǼ˲ԸܵԼͶγһš
ˣǶͨ˵;ĳš

ЩĿ˹ȥһȥʮۣ꣬ΧۼһˣЩ޴롣
ԷǶľޣǽ쾳
ͬľ磬ڵ;ĹؿҲͬҲ֪괳˼ء
˵ε棬һ;ˣ֪˭ͻȻ廰гĽ
;ˣô𣿡һľ޺
٣ֹ٣;Ŀ飬ҪǾŸ߼ܴ࣬ȥˣǵеĳţδǰ;궼δػһû뵽һӳˡп
;ΣߣĳɾδҲߡѩôڣȻһ˵ȴǰȻԼġ
Ǻǣ˵Ҳǣļ˭˵׼غЦЩεջ⡣
ƽûж˵ʲô
԰غ˵С壬ҲûʲôȤֻʱͣȹʮʱˡ
תۼ䣬ʮѹ
ԪֺӰ׼ʱǰ



1148 ؽ磨£
ǧȫվڴĿԪֺǺԷִ塣
Ҫؽˡ
˵鶼ڴ

ˣԪֺǵ˵֡
һ޴Ĵ󣬶ȻǰѸγһâҫͨͨңԶδ֪ĵطͨɢݳģһǿϢ
ǣǵؽ磿
ǺܻɣܷԽ麣ؾֱӵؽ磬Ͼʱ򣬶ֱܹӴ磬͵麣ˡ
ؽǶ磬ӵеֶΣԶԶġ
򿪵ؽ絽ǵͨҪԽؾ麣еѶ֮󣬱ȻҲǲԶҪ׼ʮʱ䣬Ҳǿ⡣
ɫʰ쵵ͨ˶Щԥǰ
УһȺӡ
Ǽʮؽ֮˲мĿһۣһ˳ǶԪֺ󣬽֮ͨУʧ
ȻЩ˵ı֣˸еΪˬǵľٶȴҲǴеǡ
δ֪жٶЩġ
һһĵǰͨ뿪Ź
Ҳߡ
ˣҲ˳֮ͨС
âҫ˵۽磬߽ͨһ̣þ֣ɫһ䣬оԼһǿչ·ϡ
ΧŵĺڰһӴޱȵĴ磬ںڰ֮лֳضֺ꣬޷Ȼٱ˦˺棬·𻯳һ⣬ǿչ·ϼǰԽ硣
ֲ˼µڸӿţţȴǿչ·ס޷
֪˶á
ǰһӴĳĺͬبžʹڵ֮ڷǰޱߺ;оһ磬ͬޱߺеһˮ΢
ԼߵٶȣӽޱߺȻײȥ
~
·ǴĳһϣΧһлþȫʧ硢ǿչ·ޱߺ󣬾ͬλӰע⵽Լվλãһ̾͵ľ޴ƽ̨ϣվŵģȫǰͨˡ
ô£Ҹոշ·ǿչ·ϣһ硣
ҲһΪԼͳ˴ײʱ򣬲
۷׷ףǷ͹еľ˵Ǽȴֳ̼棬֪쳣󣬶ʱζ
ЩþǴ麣͵ؽ;Уֻ𣿡˼
Ȼұ֤ǿĻþʹʵ
ǵؽ磿غԱĴܡ
غһڳ漴¶ɻ֮ɫ
֣Ƕ˵ؽǳŨ߲ôҸоһĴҲûǿȥ
ɻ󣬲ǰغС
ӴʱлعҲ쳣׷׹
˵еĵʥأӵġ
ǶʲôһؽӲмĿһۣһתվˣǶռ䣬ĵؽ磬бµĻ߳ƽ̨֮⣬ȺӲŻ֪ʲôǶ硣
ؽΣ˲𣿡һľ޲Ȼŭ˭̣ᰴ಻סҪ֪ǸԵ磬ǿɶ֮˳ݾţĸĸ֮
Щؽ֮ˣʵǿ̫ҲͰˣƫƫ⼸ʮ˵ʵҲǶ죬ȴڳһ߸ϵ̬˷Ĳˬ
Ǹľ޴ŭ£תۼ͵ƽ̨ıԵԥ£һƽ̨
ϣɲǼ˿ϲǽţͱ޾Ŀ־ȡ˸ʧȥƽһ㣬ҽһƽ̨·׹ȥ
ؽЩˣȻԤϵһ棬ȫЦѡ
ʲô
һĮȻ֣ƽ̨˲䰲
˵ˣǵؽʹԪֺ
Ŀһת̾Ϳ˴ƽ̨׹µĵޣЩԥĵЩؽ֮һۣԪֺһ̳ƽ̨֮⣬׹µĵץסֻصƽ̨֮ϡ
ڵؽ磬ܷУۻ𣬽һж۵ס
ĳǶľޣͻȻ䣬ܷе״̬ɲܷУŻᾪʧ룬ƿزƽ⣬׹ƽ̨
Ԫֺȴһƽ̨֮УҲܿԪֺԵЩ
ǵؽĿռ̫ȶԵʡ
ȼԽߵĴ磬Խȹ̣ԽѶ֮ƻһǿߣ׾ܻأͶ䣬½󺣣Ҳ̫ˣڶ֡
ؽ磬վ磬۷Ĵڡ



1149 ֮
صƽ̨ԪֺǾδĶľԱһӣĿɨȫ
סҲϣٿƵ鷢˭˭Ԫֺ
˶ǴҴһڡ
뿪ǺûѹƣԪֺĿֲѹûκֱӽٵƽ̨֮ϣ˶һֺѵĸо·ն
죬ԶԶ֮ϵĿֲڣ˵ǧˣ˶Ƿëǡ
Ǽµĵؽ֮ˣԪֺﺬĻųһ亹
ԪֺҪɱǣԲһüͷºҲκˣΪǵԪֺ鷳ǰˣϾҪͱĻ߽ʹ·ӻصؽ硣
~
һĳңң˹˳ȥֻңԶʣһֻ޴̤գɱ
ֻ޻űĺɫۼףȼɫĻ棬ϳ˫޴ĳӶţ
޵Ӵޱȣʮ֮ߣԶͷ·һӴޱȵɽ壬ӭײ˹ӭĺ˳ǿޱȣҪֱײϣƽ̨ԵһЩɫʱĲ԰
ֻˣ治ɫ
ƽ˶⺧˵ľ޸ȫעȴޱ󣬻һֻɵĳȻҲˡ
Ǵ˵е̤롣غɫףϳֻ޵
ҵǸ磬ֹһֻ̤룬ڱǿΧ˵ʱһŭ֮£ֱײһ½Ϳ̿Ȼײȥûκεֻ̤ҵֹ̤룬ӵĿ¡
ʹǿߣʱһֶ·ӵĳ嶯
˰غĻѩ˶ɫף鲻Խĺһ
հغ˵̤ײƽ̨˲飬ǿ֧סӵģԪֺλǿ
ˣܿˡԪֺͻȻڵ
䣬̤ʱһЦͬʱ̤弱С¶˺ĳ
̤ٶҲͣƽ̨Ե
һЩḡӣӳ˳
κôмпɣûбŵḡӿһۣڷȼ治ɫͣ¡
Ԫֺҡҡͷ
׼ȥ֮ǰɡԪֺعԸϳ
ʱ˲֪̤ͳȻǵģ־֮ɢȥ˷
ھ˵̤޷󼰵Ŀֲڣ飬Ȼһģг𺳡
⣬ǵؽ硣
˳˳⳵ȥСǺ̤ʵĿռǳĴ󣬼ʹʮ˶Ǵ´࣬ǲǧˣȻǸоʮֿɡ
ḡӵ£̤뷢һųȥ
뿪ƽ̨󣬾Ľ˵ؽ硣
ɫ΢䡣
оձޱȽܣָоͻȻ䣬ӿ飬˷˾޴ѹȡ
ؽȶ̶ȣڷ֮ϡ
ɣԼȫһĻո壬ͻᱻѸٵĥգƻ
ͬһڲ˴ܻٵһ½ڵؽ磬ֻܺһɽ
ʵ̫ȹˣȸ߲绹Ҫȹ̵Ķࡣ
÷е죬ܿ죬ҡҡͷ
߲粢ûô򵥣ϾΪֹڸ߲ܵĵطޡ
кñȣõģһ麣ˮɵľ壬һȶ̶ȣ͸ߵˣ͵ؽǿͲö֪ˡ
ȶҲãٲױƻǸտʼʱЩӦܿܶȹ
û̫⡣
ȶ̶ȸߣؽҲǳ浽˼㣬վڳȥԿɽʤȺɽ裬·˼ɾƵġ
÷ģ̤ؽ֮͸оĻԾ
ֱǲ˼顣
Ҫ֪޵嶼尡
ո߲֮ɣҲֻڸ߲磬ŻĻԾΪ߲ĻԵ
Ĵ磬û˾ڵؽ磬ȴܵˡ
ÿһܸо˷ܣ΢
ȻٶȣԶڸ߲֮ǣ߲վǵ磬ûö
ˣؽĻԵ޶ԣãʹȥ߲磬µĻۣ嶼һĽɱ䡣
ǵ޵ʥءһ
ξؽ磬ˡ
ؽĻǵؽĳǿߣŬĽڽĶ磬ˡ
̤ųһ·ǰУ;УƵӴɽ壬һ岼ĺ˺档
ڣһֺ޴֮ǣȻǰ
ǷǵĿĵأؽıؾ֮;֮ǡ



1150 Ԫֺĳ
һӴĳǳأ֮ϣΧûκ֧ԶԶһĶǵ
ǽ֮ǡ
֮ǸͣŲپ޴ۣԼһֻֻޣȫɢſֲϢ
ȹ쳣ҲļΪѣ˾ۻ߷޴Ҳݵһ
ȻһóҲǺãǰʹõۣڵؽ磬ֱӾͻ޷ʹá
~
̤ͷ˻һ󼲱ڽ֮ͣԪֺḡӴǧˣ˽֮ǡ
Ԫֺλʹ죬ȻҲûΪǡ
֮ǽ˷ǳĶ࣬Уһ㶼ۡ
֮Ȼ󲿷˶ǽ֮ڵĶĿϾӣۡ
ôһԭʯȻʯ档
ⲻѵһ໨𣬾Ȼ洦ɼ
ȻԵʮ򶨣𺳵ȴǳǵġ
ǺôڸԵĴ綼ǳûƷľȻǲġ
ؽԴ֮ḻȻǳǵ󣬶֮ǣڵؽҲ㲻ǶҪĵط
磬ȥḡӿԪֺ
Ȱ޹صߣȻȥԪֺûԥ
͸ʹ۾
ǧ棬ͨŹ飬ĵؽ磬ǽҲᱻӦ˴ߡ
ˡ
ʹ˹Ȼʱ
һ޴Ĺ㳡ϣԴһȺˣڿԪֺ˺󣬶ʱ¶ϲɫӭǶǵؽڴСС˵ġ
Ԫֺҵ˱Ƽ֮ˣ׿֮ˣĳһǿߵļˣ˸Ĵ뿪
Ǽʮؽ֮ˣӣԪֺǺ󣬾뿪
ܿ죬㳡ϾͽʣȰˣغȶľޣԼͬͨ;꣬ȫڡ
Щˣʮ䣬ͨŹ飬Խؽȫ
ôˡḡƲƲ졣
ԪֺΪˡ
ǵİţ˵һ¡
ǶͨŹĿ飬ƾı½ؽģ˵ǵǱƾһ֪ʲô˽ĺܳһʱڣǶڽ֮ǣһֳԼ츳ǱȻ󱻵ؽУߡ
˵ڽ֮ǵҪģڵؽǰ;δҪʧ
˵꣬Ԫֺ۷ꡣ
棬ֻзͨ˵;츳ǱǿˣҲԪֺ
˵졣
ʲô⣿Ԫֺ
ԪֺˣǿϵļǧˣΪʲôֱӼؽܲԴʹЩͨˣȴҪڽ֮У
ѵ˵ǵ츳ǱȲЩ𣿡
վʵģǺ
ͿЩ߹ϵˣԼͨŹ԰ڵЩ֮õĺôķ
޴Ԫֺźȵ
ЩСܺԺǻȥᲢۣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰЩֻǵؽСǿһҲûǿߣҷƿСжԴжǰ;
෴ȻҪڽ֮ǽѡǵǵؽĴһ죬ǿģǵؽľްԣ죬ʥУҲǲܣ
ڻĽЩˣǵĻҿ˰ߡ
ĽȻ֣ΨԪֺ˽ߡ
Ц֮ĲҲ̫ˣǰ;δر𣬳ԳˣŻѡǰߣûʲô˵ġ
ȺУһ߷߲ƽв٣ʱԪֺĽͣʱһƽ͡
ʱǰЩʱȷʵǶԪֺȻǸҵԷ
΢΢ͷ
ЩˣǿҲ죬ȫûҲǸѾΪʷռҲࡣ
ԪֺİţҲûʲô
ڽ֮ǵڼԽ˶˽һЩؽҳһʱա
ȻˣżҲִΪǾͲָˣ;ɡԪֺ
û顣
ȥԪֺ˵ͷ
λڽ֮ĵһƣҲǷǣںܳһʱڣҪĵط
ϣⲻǶԪֺ
Ԫֺ˴˽ǰ׼ȥʱһĮͻȻڱ˲м
ԪֺɫʱʮѿḡӸؽҧֱ
˿Ԫֺǿѹŭ⣬ˡ

Ԫֺ˭ܸоǶ֮ĲԸ
ȥֻһվǱԶΪ֮ӿһɫ꣬ϵϢǿףԪֺ¡
һݳªӣƤâȥ֡
Ȼû˸С
˾վڽ⣬Įţӿɱ⣬˭Ҳûж֣Ͼǽ֮ǣȻʵǿȴҲ¡
ʮˣ˶ڰԪֺһᣬĿת˷ˣ
ȻϿȥھ̾Ԫֺ֮࣬ϾȽǱ߾ʮֿˣֻˣȻǺвмȴ֪˵仰Բʲô̾Ǵļ
ԷˣҲƳһۣͲٹעûǷ
ôˣκɣһǺµҪԪֺҪһɳˡ˳ǣЦ
˵꣬ʤߵЦݣɫԪֺһۣˣֱ˽
ḡĻ
Ԫֺɫѿ˼㣬ľ΢΢ȻǷŭ˼㣬վãĪ⣬ջѡ̣ӺＷ֮
ߡ
ˣ˽
κԪֺģ˼
֣ǵһˣལؽĵģκʧܾ
ڿκʧܣԪֺĴۺͳ谡
κʧܣҲԪֺʧܣַ̣޷ֻӲܡ
ԪֺѾƽ࣬ȻҲÿȥ
ڵĿռǳĴ󣬼ʹһȣҲС˶٣Ԫֺҵ˸Ǽǵˡ
ҴˣǵǼһ¡Ԫֺ
ǡ˲ҵ
ҵ泰ԪֺΪĿʵôӡ
ò˶ã˵Ͼͱ¼˽֮ǵϵʽļ˴˵ء



1151 ľ
ϲλʽΪؽһԱ
ĸ΢Ц
Ӵ˿𣬷Ǿǵؽˣ֮Ǿ𲽵ĵطʹûбЩУʮҲ뿪֮ǣСֻŻ
⻰غ˷׷ϲɫ
ڼʥأĺ¡
лɣԵߣ˽һ½֮ǡԪֺǿ˵ʱȷʵһָ鶼ûС
ܿǡ
ḡæӦһ
˶֪˵漥ȴܷԪֺʱȻǶ֮˭Ҳѡʱȥüͷ
ԪֺһߣܿḡӶʱƣ˾ۼ
ܿˣղǶǺηʥΪκԪֺ˲ԸκǺˣ
ܿʵԶûԪֺôǿҲˣ˶η֮ԼҿȥܿҲ˵һЩʵ
֣ܿɫʱѿޱȣ飬ⶾҴһҲһλʹȻҴ縺Ǳߣٸ磬ҴͶ⣬ؽ绹вٽʹ򶼸Բͬ
ЩǹϵֻҪ֪ҴͷˣȻʵ͵λҲнҪСĵģЩˡ
˶ЩΪȻܿһΪΣҴؽģҴߵˣͬģǱҲһ֮йϵƴĿԲ󣬵ͨºöǷǳ¡
ҴͶ֮䣬Ȼ࿴˳ۣûеĵزؼκϡ
κһҲǱģһλţ츳Ǳǿ֮࣬ǵʱҲǷޣڽ֮棬ǲһҴҲǳ𡣡
һж˳źõķչκ̫ţҲ̫֪ڽ֮ǵʱŰԵĴУúöʹ޹⣬Ҳ֮һΪһЩԵʣҴͶìܼճ𡣡
κСӣ˽֮ʮ뿪ļ¼ʱ䣬ͱһްѡߣãƨˣһ̯ӸҴ硣
˵ܿЦκҲûʲô³˵̫񣬽һλ׻Ӵһ겻񣬳׳١
£ѾǴʱܿģɸӵϸϸҲӷḻ
κŲʲôֻҪһֱʵԪֺκ⣬λҲֻԽԽߡ
ǣκʧˣǴӴһ겻ĹԪֺѿľ棬ԼΪеĶ
Ψвǿ󣬲Ǹ
ˣԼעɣҪױϵͺáܿ˰֣
ܿˣǰǹЩˣǡغ˿ĭСʵ
УٵĿǳס³ܿЦ
⡭
˷׷ɫ䣬Ƿ·𿴵Լҵ³
˶еҲͰˣؼʹˣҲδػǺɫ
ʱ֪ʹκԼû£ˣԼҲͷˣǡ
İɣ֮ǵĹغϣֹ˽ֻҪǳסСܿο
⻰û˶һ
ǹ˸߸ϣӵӣǵ˵ؽ磬ȴҪβˣܱ˵ƺ費֣ܶĪĳ衣
ƽ
ηʲôͨ۷ĵ·ȻǲһССս㲻ʲô
˵ЩĵˣԼעˣҴȥظ󡣡ܿһЦ֮ǺǾʸظ޳ȡһĵرֻҪƿؼڣֻҪõĵر㡣
ʲôôõĸ
ƿؼڵĵر׸
غ˶ɴ۾עϱȥ
۾һ
ĵرԵ޵Ҫԣ˵Զܼһ޵ʵ
Ȼ̫ٻʱ֣֮طҪĵر٣⿿ĵر϶ǲеġ
ؼǣõĵرҡ
ڵĺңǳȣѶȾͷǳˣӵȼ˼ĵرģǷëǣȼ˼ĵرҲ˶С
ڽ֮ǾȻ޳ṩĵرֻҪƿأпܵõֱʲνˡ
ǵʥءغĻҲ˵



1152 ѡǱѡ
˼ֵķӦܿǲ̣һ㶼е⡣
õؽ磬޵ʥأеԴһĴܱȵģһطԶԶʤ硣
ߣȥظ󡣡
ܿʶ;ڣ˸õҲط
ظǼǵĵطȽԶҪȥҪһʱ䡣
һ·ϣܿ˽һЩڽ֮ҪעĵطʱʱĸǸ̸ۡţƤĽĿ⣬غڽʵˣԶ˹ܸ糤̵ܸĽˡ
ʮ棬˱Ͳ죬Ҳ͸غ΢Ϥһ㣬Ǵյܿǰʱû᷽
⣬ĿƽĴܣżĥһ£ܿ͸¶Ϣ
Ԫֺ͵ݺ٣ϱһӣ͸û˼ˣܿΪĸ֣ȻֹḡǺְܾģ̸䵹Ҳ͸¶˲ҪϢ
˽⵽֮ˣȫ㣬Զ֮ˣǡǡ෴Щˣڽ֮ռ˼һ֣
ģԵؽǿߡš
ǻڴ˵Ŀģͷһϣ֮ͨǣԴΪ壬ĳؽǿϾЩǿǱǿޱȣռеԴۺ죬ޱȵ
ȻЩǿһ£ǲ˵ģʹˣΧ͹ģҲޣޱ޼ʵĵؽ磬жܱǿУսȥھ˵ײһļʣȫס
Զԣ֮ǾͺöˣⲻǽǿΨһ;ȴΪ֪;֮һǿõϣ
ƵĽ֮ǣڵؽҲֹһڵģޱߴϣǧ֮ǵ֮һˡ
ˣȻǼΪҡ
ΪͨŹĿ飬Ϊ˫Ժ͸ˣ֮ǵ㶼ͨǣģǼӹһ٣ûб˸ˣõĽҲʮ뿪֮ǣԴȻ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ڵؽĳ档
Ҫסؽ磬ʮյġ
ܿˣһֽѵ˵
ΪʲôغЩ޷ܣʵ뷨ĺܿ˵һΪͨȻĳѡУһɳ졣
ܿⷬǸǵͷһǵˮ
Ҿ֪ǻô롣ܿһЦΪǵؽ磬վ۷Ĵ磬Ტ۵ģֻоŸ
ؽĻҲܵˣǳڵ޵ĳɳ⻹ǸոսӴģΪؽĺôֻһɣΪĻ³ɳĵޣһǲǺǣңţΪǵĴ磬ŵˣЦ
غ˶ˡ
ܿĻȻʵ
ȷʵЩŹͷˣûаԼλãͨŹ飬㲻ʲô˽ؽʸˣ˶ѡ
ˣǼȻͨŹ飬˵츳ǱǹȥģֻҪóƴŬԼţ˵ʮ֮һˣͨѡС˶Щܿһֿο
ʮ֮һô١ʧ
ͨıίʵǵԤϣҪ֪ܿѾ˵ˣƴŬǰ°
ΪܵͣߣǲŬаٷ֮һͨѾˡܿ
ֱ
ǼҲžʮˣһٵĿٷ֮һ˵һͨ˶ûС
úŬȡͨѡǱѡȻʵ͵ĿܳɵĻǶҺҴõĻرܿ
ֳͬͨɫҲǷָµġ
ģѡվȫһڲģֲͻģֻܱѡˣȫ
غɬؽ磬һʼҪԵս;ԶԶ
κأѡǱѡһƽӺ󷽴
˶һ㶡
֪κǺԪֺʲôϵѾֵ˽ɣû뵽Ȼö֮˵˳
˵ˣǷ
ܿ͸¶Ϣûŵ֪κҪҲΪ˺Լ
ߣ㡣ܿһûôҲϳ˷Ӫ̤ײƽ̨Σʱ治ɫˣԷеӡ
κСӡȻǸ츳Ǳȴ޷ĨɷģʱкüްҪѡǿһǸУоǿ򡣡ܿʮֲˬĻش
˵ͷˡ
Ҳ˵κ޷ʥ۽硭
ʶüʥˣηɸѣⲢ˵ηɾԶԶκˡ
ʥǷǳӴģηɻ룬г죬ĵطĵ̣żȽϵ͵ȵȣЩܽʥĽݾû·ܱȵġ
ˣλߣһ㶼λʥĵײ㣬ͨһԱηɣҪԼҪԴҪԼȥŬƴ˱⣬ȷҲûǿȥ
ҪʥĺĳԱԴȻòҪԼɾߵľ硣
κǣûκ·ȻҪʥ죬һȥλʹԶԶηܱ֮ȵġ
ҪЩеûģøԶҪ£ѡһʺǵĵرȻһͨܿ
һ̸䣬ѾǵĿĵأظ


1153 ظ
ظ󣬵ˡܿ
˷׷̧ͷһڡ
ظһƵľ޴¥󣬾һ׳ֺ֮Ȼһ·ϣѾʶ̫ƵĽ֮ĽظȴԵЩƽƽ棬ָܿ㣬²Ϊͨ¥󣬾ǲĵرĵá
ˣȵظģǰ棬һ˵
ܿ²ǰЩ˴˸棬ɫʱǰĺ顣
ǡغͺһҲ˳һˣȻǶǼˣΪĿ䣬·һ㣬ܵŤš
ϣⲻܿ𣿡ĿһתҲܿʱЦ
ߡܿɫѿߵĵλ൱Ƕĸ֡
ԩ·խû뵽ô˶ˣܿҲǰڣȴˣ֮ǵǼ󣬵һȥĵطظˣҲˡ
ʱ䵽ظļʺܸߡ
һʱ⣬ȴ硣
ߡܿһ
˵ԪֺǴհʮˣôУʹ㿿ȡʤߺεĳҲۺϷʣ޼ɵĶԷָָ㡣
غ˶ǻðɣͬǴӵؽ֮ⱻģǿɲΪԼͻˡ
٣ɲ͸ߡ
Ŀһ䣬˺һۣɫʱ䣬·𿴵һصĶӭԼȴһܶۿžҪɥǡ
ȻʱܿǰһסߵĿ⡣
ɴ⣬ź˼žţɫ԰ס
ߣ㲻Ҫ̫֡ܿǿѹŭ
ֻǸ𱰵Сһһѵˡ˵ķݣ
һԣԼĴʲôţ˵ؽ磬ڽ֮ǣҵ͵һ㣬ǵβͼúѧѧôˡߺںĽѵ
غɫѿȴҷ
ߵľǸߣʵҲǿ
ߡ
ܿзŭǶߣȷʵзҲ˺ֻǿ˽ظ
ȴûзŹǵ˼Ҳһͬ롣
Ǽע˶õһ״ľʯǽ֮ڵƣ˴ŵʱ״ʯϹâһǺ谭Ĵ˹ȥ
ظĴţǰһֻǳһ֮ϡ
ظڲѰĸ¥ģһƬޱߵգһİƽշֳ֡
˵ߣûܵƵӰ죬Կ
£һӴ׵ƽ̨ĺب֮УΨһͬǣϷƽֳ̨ɫ·ɫ
޴ƽ̨ԼЩ⣬ظڣһˡ
ѵ˵ظڶûôĵرһľ죬Ծ
Ȼܣһ˽ظ󣬶Ҳأֻͨ£ˣһʲôģͻܿ͵
ܿˣ޴ƽ̨ô£غ˰죬̲סʵ
Ϊظ󣬻ῴĵرڷѡ֪Ľ󣬲ŷȫô¡
ĵرӰӣһ
Ϊظĵرѡ𣿱ˡܿûشһ̶ʹ˹ߡ
мĿŰغˡ
ѡĵرͬģĵرҲѡˣûʸƿĵرġ
͵ǹСܿ
غȻĸܿظ·ϣͽǽԵĴٶЩ׼Ȼ߼ȴҲǿס
ܿǴԤĻ¾в˰಻סӶԷ塣
ܿԶߵĻ˽ͣظֳ֣һһǵظڿģƲ֮֮¾ǵظˡ
˵͵ظľ޴ƽ̨̨Ҫõĵرͱϵ̨ȥͨӦ󣬲ܵõ
츳ǱʵȱһɣסѡҪҪѡ񳬹Ǽ޵ĵرֻװʧȥһѡĵرĻᣬһʧܣͻᱻͳȥһá
֣ܿѡ
ֻһλ᣿ʱ΢΢ɫ䡣
ظĴΪǸ֮ǣᱻһΡܿ˵ͷԺظ󣬾ͱͨ׶Ե񣬲УҪмΪɫı֣ҵΪֹҲŻΣǿеѶȣ֮ܶؽĵرȻֵֵֻ
΢΢ͷ
ӹɵģؽ粻Ǵãĵرٶ࣬Ҳ˷ѣһظѡĻᣬǵһż޳ЩûǱֵˡ
ĵرò̫߱̾ͻᱻ볾˵Ǿʹ˶ۣһʼ͵ӣ˳£гɫ֣϶ʮ뿪֮ǵĽ֡
֮ǵϢУѾʼ
һ㣬ȺҲٴˣغѩԼһЩѾ׷ɫ䣬Ȼͨ˹ؼ
ȻѡĵرĴҿɲԺһԥ£ʵ
İղ󣬵ǹһʱ䣬õؽԴѸٳɳ󣬿϶иõı֣ѡõĵر
ԡܿҷȰǣҪôΪһºǾͽӭһʽаգһгĻǿô
⻰һǵ޶ʱ
һ£Ļʲô仯ǻѡģô˶࣬ԵĻҲ࣬ԴеõһЩ飬Լһ˵Ļûôˡ
ܿˣ͵ظĵرʲôΪʲôҪֿɻ
Ȼвͬ
͵ظĵرѡķΧһĵرҲûΨһڣظĵرѾ˳ɳļޣ޷ٽһ
֮ĵرгɳĿռ䡣
˵۾Ƕ֪𣬴ȥˡ
пܣ˭õɳɳĵر
̫ٻܾͿ죬Զļޣһֱɳȥĵر
Ҫ⣬ĵرظĵرҪ౶ɳǱԽߣѶȾԽǧ¡˵ģ֪ܿʲô̸룺ظĵرҲԺٸҲˡ
ܿĻϳɳ֮ԣжȥͲ˵ˡ
ûĻͿʼȡɡܿ



1154 Զ
˶ԾԾԣʼˣȴûС
ϾֻһΣϣܴӱ˵ȡУõһЩ飬Ȼȡ
ܿüͷһ塣
׼ʱһĴ̶ٴδ
ܿеҶһ𣿡
ߡ
ܿţǴ⣬ȥˡ
ǺǣȻۣȺ֣һ˻ϴȻҲһûķЦЩˣҲϵĴЦ
ȴ̶
˵ʲôܿ͵ת˫Ŀֱ𣬺ݺݵĵߣҲͰˣǾ𾴵Ĵ磬ȴܿ޷ܣԼʵԶˣóȻսֻȡĻͳȥˡ
˵Ǹ޵࣬ǸϴҲһ˿壬Ц˵
ж䣬ԪֺҲһ㾴ⶼûУǳ˳
ѵǣƲƲ졣
ܿзŭ˼㣬ебǣԼУ鶯ҡ
е衣
ڵĴǳĲһʼ˿Ԫֺڶļ²ҷǿѹŭʱֵҲһֱߵ費κηĻôƱػ¡
һųϴ޷ġ
˱ѣڹؼʱͱһǶԪֺ棬һμĴ
ʲôܿʵ
ܿߵЦЦҲûʲôֻ˫ȡĵرʵ̫ȤˣһģһЩȤ
ʵҲܼ򵥣˫ȥѡĵرǵõĵرģһĵرֵ߾ʤӮ߿ԵõһĵرΣ
ܿĿɿڴߣһ䡰ˡѿڶ
ԼԼֱ̫ⷽˣϾоԵơ
ʮ˵õĵرļֵ᲻Էˣ
ܿţưʹԼߣõȫǵظĵرȫĵرĿҲ
ȫǰĵر
֪߶ԶĹܿҪɣԷǲ׼תͶԪֺ£Ż˲ǵľٶ
ô߶ԾʮˣⶼңһֿĿ⿴ܿӡ
ңôңȻҪĵرΪʲôա̵ܿ
ʲô֮ˣ෴Щḡۼüʤܴ󣬱Էһ嶯¾̴Ӧ
ü
һֱȻ߸óԼ˲ĶԼһΨ㲻ӦͷȻг
ܿҲûж˵ʲô
Ŀɨ߱ˣǶЦһʤȯյš
ԼѶǶԶˡ
˭ȥȡ˭ȥⶼнģͬĲԣ𵽵ЧҲһ
˫һˡ
һϣȻֵһ˳ܿ޷ܵģϾܵĻ̫٣ߵûô֡
һߡʮʮһʮʮˣʮźһ߸˳ߵˣ˳ȫܿߡ
˳Щ֣ȫһҲǺҷֿ߼ֵĽ
ʼɣУǧҪǿܿԵһĵ޵
ûΪҪӮǿˣѡӽ޵ĵر
ǵŵĵ˵ͷ
һʱƲ㣬·ȥ
ѡĿ꣬Ȼǣظ
ܿ죬ڵظڵֳ̨֣졢ءˡ
˼ؼ켶ĵر
ظڵĵر˼֮ûʸ
޲ҵ˼Ƭ̺һ΢Ĺą̂ϳ𣬽ǵûȵâɢȥǵȻʧռ䡣
УЦ
ǵâ켶һɹõһĵر
̨͵ļҲѹ߻᲻мһˡ
ܿȴô룬ԪֺЩʵ룬죬Ҳ֪νŹġ
ޣʵƿصĵرޣҲһ
ѡظһйоأһգɹļʺܸߡ
Լʮӣ̨ϣǵ޵Ӱ֣ϲɫһą̂Уһʯõĵر
ɹˡܿҲһϲ
չأǵ޻󣬲ûĵرǽһԡ
ڶܿ
һһĵǰ̨Ͻ˶ɹˣӦĵر
ֻһľޣȻѡҲͼȻʮӶͱֱӵͳظ
ʧܡ
ľ޵ʵ۷壬ǰļ˶Ҫǿȴʧܵ˿죬ʱȻᵽĿ¡



1155 ޱƽ
ɢŸĹâʯ硢ȪƲ֮ϣŲ˵Ŀ⡣
ǣ˼ĵرͨ󣬵õսƷ
˼ĵرÿһǿޱȣǵؽĿռ䳬ȶǾۼһչֳԶԶڣˣȻ˵Ŀⶼþ̨ͣĿޱȡ
ÿһڳĵޣ˼ĵرģֻҪܻͨãβĶ
ɨ˼ĵرܿջĿ⡣
켶˼ĵرͲЩĵرǴӵظеõɳ˼ޣ죬ǵĵȼҲûжټֵ
ֵˡܿߡ
˳ɹһʧܣĵˣǱߵġ
档ߵתͷһˣׯڣϡ
еֵԽڶš
ˣҵİɡ
һӶʱǰʧ
ֵߵ˺ܿͱļΪרעϾǴˣȻһʱ嶯Ӧ˶ԷĶԼ侲һ룬ҲЩף
ׯһܿĿһֱϣϣܴ￴༸˵ʵ
ׯһʧܿжʱһʶϷȥȻôаգˣӦöǳţĸԼҲžԵģ϶ѡ
ңϵĲʵ̫ߵҲȫѡظĻ޷ĵر²ٴҲֲ˵ǱʤɣȻô£Ҫʤֻܿĵر
ܿһʱͿ
ȻûС
̨ϣյģһ˶ûС
ôܿЩ㶡
档ͻȻڵ
һﾪˣ˶󣬷ûӰЩĻʱʶƲ·ȥȻׯڳڵظ̨ϡ
վ˼򣬽ţһԶǰζҪǿҵĹâ
ܿĿ΢
ǱߣĵһˣѡͳԼȫ
Σѡֲһܹ
԰˵Ҳϱʧܡ
˶Щƽ⣬ͨˣˣǰͲׯҲʧܡ
ʧǣʱţׯʼûг֡
Ҫ࣬ķѵʱҲ
СʱׯڵӰڳ̨ϣ¶ϲɫһԶʤ֮ǰĹą̂ϸ֣С
ɹ
һ켶˼ĵر
ҲׯڻصԼһ
ƵĿ⣬ܿôʼֵɣ
һĵرļֵΣ˵壬ǹ˵˵ͬˣͬһĵرһļֵҲпر
ؽһ׳Ĺһĵرļֵ
ޱƽ
貹âУһƽĶ˫м䣬ԴԴϵӿֳ棬оһ˿޵ıԴϢ
ޱƽƵĳϣ˫ĵرֵʲôΪ˽ܡ
Ҹȡõĵرһ̣ƽһߣ˭ʤߵ
ϻܿһ
ޱƽ̣ɫɣԶһɫӫ⣬̿ȥʵĿռȴǼ㣬˵ĵرȫࡣ
~
һ죬Ľ켶ĵرߵϣޱƽʱǱһף״ܿҵҲԼߵĵرȥ
һ
ĵرұߵ̣Ȼƽȴ˿һ㶯ҡ˼ûС
ܿɫѿ
ⰴռĻ켶ĵرԶԶһ켶ĵرġ
ǣһĵرļֵĲǼ𣬻
ֲܼϵĲ࣬Խ죬Խԡ
ˣĵرļֵǼߵĽ壬ˣܿûʧȥģΪ֪Щĵرľ˭˭Ӯ޷жϡ
ĵرȥһ
ܿɵķһĵرʱޱƽڷ˱仯ܿߵ³ȥһ
ܿ죬˫λͬһˮƽϣ⻹ûֹұ̼³գ̸߸
һֽܿʤ
ˣҲûôǿܿ˿̲סһ䡣
һʤ
ĻԼⷽԵıʤܿдʯʱĴá
˵õĵرˣ˶ܿ˵õĵرŤתǬãȻĵرĵȼߣȻǷǳˣս
ܵõĵر˵츳Ǳϼѣֵ
ܿã෴ߵɫͲôÿˡ
ΪԼӮ𣬲һˣȻ֪ˡЦϷڲŸտʼ



1156 ˵ı
߱ĻܿûзϣʵǰֻΪǽܲʵŰˡ
ԣȴüͷһۡ
˵ǵһֽˣĺϷں档
漴ЦҪʲôơ
ڰˡ
ܷܿ
һվ˳˵ظ̨âӿʧ

ھˣʮˣʮһˡ
һһĵվ˳ǵʵԽԽǿõĵرֵҲԽԽߣڵڶʮ˳ʱȻѡ˵ظ
ܿһѡĵһˡ
ԼСʱϲɫ˳ռ䣬ɹأõһ켶˼ĵر
ڰ˵ڶʮţܹʮȫ
Ǵ󲿷ѡģǵظ켶ֻԼĵˣѡģȻҲ˶ɹ
յõǣ켶˼ĵرʮ켶˼ĵرһ
ʮŹâӳ˵ҫۡ
ܿЩĵرޱƽұ̺󣬶ʱֳһģһɽȵĸо
ô
ܿƵĿߣһֽʤĴģֵˡ
ʲôô䣿Цתͷߵ˳
ˣߡ
ܿ˶ȫעĿǣֻˣûѡ󣬽ǵظˣȻѡȴȫ켶
ⷽǿҵĹâ켶˼ĵر
Ȼȫɹˡ
켶ġ
Щ˵츳ǱʵȻ֮ǿ
غ¶֮ɫȳĹĻ˾̫ˣԳǵеĴ󲿷֡
ðغЩܴǶţһؽ磬ʹܴ죬߸֪ðˣҪǣԿ
ûʲôо
磬ǵģһְˣĴ磬ǲǣȻǿǹʯŵѹƣӿֳĵźǿ߻ࡣ
ʵûʲôôСֵģҷҲΪ˵츳ǱͳԼ
ڶֽĽɡ
ܿĴߴ£߽ĵرޱƽ̡
һ
ߵĶɸտʼ˿ҡһĵر룬³ȥұǻ
һҡȨ⣬ܿľĿУ̴ƽ⣬˫λͬһˮƽϡ
ڶֽĽȻƽ֡
ܿдʯأȻǺҲߡ
˫»صϣȻܿߣʮˣǱȴֻʣˡ
ʮ
ô룬Ŀܡ
ͨһ̲ܿסҪЦֻееıȫй˳޲ָߵıһͨƿڴǰ֮һȫȥȻͶԷѿı顣
ߣ̫߿츳ǱСҵˡܿ
ƺԤߵɫޱȵѿĿҲ
ܿ۾Ѫݺݵܿ㲻Ҫ̫硣
ҺΡܿ˿壺ʮĪΪԼʤǺú룬ôͰɣЩͨһº˵Ӧù˭
ܿЦ
ߣ̼ܿʧȥǣޱȵĶܿΪԼӮˣãܿ㻹ҲҼġ
ôķѵ㻹ٽһظ󣿡ܿЦ
ϻ˵ǶģģͶⳡԼʤӮˣȡϵһĵرûԹԣ෴ҲһôҶ𣿡ŭ
ڵģѾһ۵ĶͽȲҪǲϧһС
ŶԷеķܿд󶨡
һ׷ӵĶԼֵʤ֮ǰϾϵĵرۼֵ϶ǳЩռ֮ǵˡ
ʮ̫Ĳ࣬ܿĪģߵķģҲα
ôñ˵ĶģԼĶ᲻ãͻȻЦ
⻰һܿжʱһݣע⵽仰˵ĿĲ
ʵϣܿ嶯£Ӧ֮ǰĶԼͲ׵ϾǲĶŬĳɹһûУóĲ֮
ô롣
ӮˣһЦҹˡǺܿ
ӵģΪõĵرĻҲʧ
ҪһΣҲѣǴӦߵĶԼԼĶģһҲ˵ĹȥϾҪʧĻܿʧ
㣬Ĳģ߼ŭܿ
ģΪʲôġܿܿ˾
˵ĶԼܿغȼ˼ˣоЩףֳϣȷʵҲû˵ķݣ֮ǰ߽ѵһĻɻûȥãҲֻ̬ܿչȥ
ΪȶʵеķʱʧЦһ˵һԡ
ϵȡٴνС
ʮ˳
ӵʮ˿ʼھʮˣȫܿߡ
һһĵ̨гɹˣҲʧܵˣޱƽǰĵرҲ𽥱
Խˣ츳ǱʵԽǿͨļԽ
켶ĵر켶ĵرһһ֡
ˣѡĶǵظ󣬲ǲ룬̫̬ڼм˳ѡҲ͵죬ǣȫʧܸգ˴󲿷ˡ
޷ĵرҲȿֶðɡ
ˡ
ѩȺ˳ţſУɼõˣڳ棬츳ǱǿģҲûм
ûظһۣѩֱӽķΧ̨ϡ
ѩ͡
ͨ
غˣ׷Ϊ
âӿѩռ䣬ʧҲû̫дѡ켶
ʱһһĹȥѩռʱ䣬ѾԶԶǰκһˣûκʧܵļ
ͻȻ
һą̂ϳ۳һ貵ĹâԿһӡ·ȥ
ѩӰ̨ϣŹâУŵĹâȻȥǳƣ㲣ȴڷķɡ
ɹ
á̲ܿסһ󺰣ͬʱƳһۡ
ÿʮ꣬ؽУܴˣ֮١
ѩɹȻõĵرʹɳޣҲδػǿظ켶ĵر̫࣬ǣؼĵرܣѩ
Զȵظļѣѩܳɹ˵츳Ǳ
ĿǰˣѩǾԵĵһʹЩõ켶ĵرˣ츳ǱҲȲ
Ҳѹ֣̲ܿסˡ
ߣ̲ס࿴ۡ
ѩɵĺáغӭȥ׷׹ء
ͬŮѩ˵Ľתͷһۣкⷭӿ
֮ǰߵ˵ѵΪƽĳ裬ߵʵ͵λԶ֮ϵĻԻȥƴڣȴֻš
Ҫߣ߾߳ʧܵĿɬ
ھһܺõĻǰֻҪԼгɫı֣ܴߵߣ
Ŀ𽥼ᶨ
Ⱥ߳
ܿߵĳ˳򣬴ǰǿţܿ˲˽⣬˲ûǿҪ󣬳Щߵĵ⣬˶аţغˣ˳ǽŵġ
ͣһĵرغľ
Ȼ˶û뵽ǣѡĿ꣬ǵظ󣬶
ô
ź̨ӰغŴ졣
츳ǱЩ˶Ȳѩѩȡɹôѣ
â𣬽ռ䡣
ԼӣӰȻ䱻̨԰׺Ͳʣһ˲ʧǰͳظ
ȡʧܡ
˺ǰЩ˶ʵغҲʲô˳ȡ˵ظһ켶ĵر
һǰ
֮󣬴ɹˣѩһˣǳɹ;꣬ԼһĿϵӣȫͨ켶ȡɹ
ȻʵߣظҪĻ츳Ǳܴ;츳ǱӹɣҲ˳
һһҹ
󲿷ˣѾȡĵرֻʣˣڳ˳ʱ򣬷ûȣҲ档
ʮŹâޱƽұ̣ģʯ̵Źâ
ˡ
ŵܿˣ߳˳ǣ¶һпıЦݡ



1157 ֵ
ߵĿ߸ϣûһʧߵľ򣬷һʤߣʧߵĴ
Ŀ⣬ܿΪ
쿪ʼĪҪֱ䣿ܿЦ
ЦмĿܿѿһϷ
Цϡ
һƤЦ˳ûȥ̨ǲмĿˣȸһׯˣģ츳Ǳǵʮ֮һ
ʲô
ȻҲ˶Ц˵ģϾׯ˵ı֣ҲǳͻǲţЦܱǿ̫ࡣ
˲ŵĿ⣬ЦЦһҲͣ𣬳
ȫûȥظ˼Ŀֻ꣬
̨
Ц˼򣬽ǰ˼
졣غʧ
˵ɫҲòÿ
ٺһЦǿҵĹą̂ϳЦռ䡣
ʧܣСһҪʧܰʱе޿ʼ䡣
ܿߵļ尾ߵȴУȻЦġ
ʮӣСʱһСʱ
ܿ𽥳ռôã˵Ц츳ǱҲɹͨļʣǳĴ
Сʱ貹â۳ĵرģ˳̨ϵЦС
ȡɹ
ܿ˵ɫȫˡ
ΪֹһٶˣָͨЩͨˣҲЦһ죬Ҫǣɹˡ
Ц츳Ǳǰκһˡ
һĻѩ޷ٽ궼ء
Ц˻мĿܿһۡ
ɵĲ˵ţС԰ˡ߹̼ܿӹĵرûмޱƽϷţ˻˵󣬲Ľĵرһס
~
ĵر̣ߵ̶ʱһζ£˴˵λȴûзı䡣
ȻܿɫȴǴ䡣
켶ĵرȵظ졭һĵرͺǾʮ˵ĳɹǱߣˡ
ǵ飬һˣúζɡЦ
ߣڶѾ˳
˵ûЦô໰ֱӰ𣬳
Цһûκεԥ
ܿ죬˼λʧռ䡣
Сʱ˹һɢǿҹâĵرߣܿŵĿУ߽켶ĵر̡
һĵرڷ˸ı䣬ԭƺ޷ұ̻գƽٴδﵽƽ⡣
һλع鵽㡣
Ȼһβͬܿҡ
ʣˣǱһܿˣôûκεʤ㡣
䶨ˡ
˾ı飬ᣬһ˵֡
ûκⷢҲûκ漣ͬѡͬɹȡһĵر
̼䣬췭ظ
صƣһһˣ츳ǱԶˡ
ˣŤתƣܿǵ׹
ҡܿ޺޵ĵߣȻ򣬿ɲѾ̫ˡ
㻹ûҡ߰еĵرһ貵飬ûмŽޱƽܿ˵̡
ˡ
ܿҡ
µغǿҵθУһ˶ϵĳ嶯
ǴҲǸӺúһ룿ûаգһģһԼˣĵرܿǲǾƺȶˣû˯ѰмĿܿ߳ʤ߸߸ϵԽС
Ҳû뵽鷢չô˳
һڿǣôͣϾȻûʲôӣжϻеģû뵽춼ҰڶֽȻƽ֣ʱһΪԼӮ˰ɡ޼ɵЦǵ⡣
ȷʵҲ񣬲ܽһЩϸڶ㵽ÿܷͨȡʲôεĵرЩûԤϵģȴվһߡ
ڶֽ֮ʮȥûз̵ĿˣŻܿ͡
˹ǫˣҿȫǴı뻯ܿŻϵЦһԹά
ʱı֣װ۵Ķͽľ֣˭ˣᱻƭȥ
߷Цȷʵĵ֮ܿŪڹ֮ϡ
ʮĵر֮࣬ǸôأЦұ̵Ŀ⣬̰
зݣҶЩĵرȤֻҪܿ켶ĵر͹ˡЦ
ˣʱ¶ϲɫ
Ц̣ƺѾȡʤηЩսƷ
Ȼܿ˿ʵҲˡ
ĿܿһۣĽĵرһס
ˡ
ĵر̡
һ̣ƽ˲䱻ƣһףǸɾģ˵ˣߵǺε֮
ֽһʤһƽһܣؼĵֽǲҰܡ
ܿǵĻ룬Ҳ״ơ
ô죿ĵرûˣһºô
ҵõĵһ켶ĵر
ԹܿĿ⣬ǿҵĲԹޣܿäĿ嶯ǸͲ˴ʧ
Լûн
ܿɧǱߵʱһƽȻ
˵ˣǷ
ͬڰغ˵ľԹƽһֱԹۣϷ֪ܿûѣΪ֪ڲ˽˴˵£ܿ
ҲΪֹıҪ
˵ͬĩհľ棬ȴƵᡣ
ûȡĻһ߰ɡĿ⣬䣬ȴǶ˵ġ
ĳ˳һˡ
û뵽вƺӲĵˡЦһֿĿ⿴ŷЦ
ߣԳݣûһۡ
һľļһˣʲô
㡭ܿ̾һܴ죬ȥ·ʮ꣺ǣΪɣǷҲûʲôºһֲǵʧ
ӮûԸ䣬˶ڴĿˡ
棬ҪôǲҪôʵǿǶˣһڴҲû취ϾѾȡĵرֻܰϣˡ
ԥ˻ᣬûѡ
Ǹо˾޴ѹЩʧ
һҧҧѡѡͬ£ôһ˿ɹϣڣȴڽʮӣͱͳظ
һ˵ľȡһλĽѵûȥ󣬶ȥ˵ظ
һѡǵظȻǰһλûͬѸܡ
˵ʧܣܿ˳׾
ЦǴ˲м
ʱ
ֵˡƽ˳



1158 ظ
գֻʣ·һ˻ûȡ
䶨ˡ߳غ̲ס̾Ϣ
Ҫ̨ʵڿϣ
Ϊʲôҿһֱͦ侲ģӦһİգԱжľʵ
˭һͻȻʵ
󲿷˶˰غ⣬ȻԼԷӡǳǳ
ǺһģҲͨԪֺĵؽ磬һ㣬û˻ɡ
֮⣬ǶԷ˽⣬ޣһ·ϣ˷ڵʱӡȫûжԷĴڣȵѸ˴˵Ĵڡ
û֪Ϊʲô⣬ܿͱ
ȴǺôһ¡
ĴڸϡΪֻصԵʣڵȴֻصϣҲ˸ĸ
޼֮ҲǶֻлʵ״̬һּá
ԼĴڸУ׶Σķǳ£ȻڵĻ򻹲ĺԶ
һεЧ֮ãҲΪ˶Եʣû˻ȥصעһ޹ؽҪ·ˣڶ࣬УȻͲۣսֻ٣ԷڵĻ𵽵þͽˡ
ʱ˶غҲֻǼԷһЩ˽⡣
зһҲͨſĵؽ磬ʱĳɼһҪԲһЩغε
˶ʱ
غҲͨظˣȰغҪЩ·ٳɫҲֻܵõһظ켶ĵرԶԼûκӰ졣
˶ǰ̾ٱκϣ
һߣߵȻҲ˰غĻʱ
㿪ʼɣҲ߸̡ЦͷĿ˷һۣһΪʲôţˣԭҲǸ
˵ĿⶼڷϣǲϣܿҲһϾҲֻзûȡˣ˭
ûЦҲ˰غ˵ľ
ظ
˾һƲ·ȥܿͽ˵ظķΧ
ѡĿ꣬Ȼǵظ
Ȼǵظ󡣡ڵظ̨ϣȻ֮Уܿ˶ٻЩʧ
һȺѵڣǻڴʲô漣𣿡߲м
ظ󣬺ܷСӵǲ£ѡһЦʼ硣
϶찡ѵѡģ
˵׼ûǰǴѡ˵ظ𣿡
ߵˣȫԿϷ̬ŷıݡ
̨
ĿȥֻӴֳ̨֣˼ؼ켶
ڱ켶ĵرǿߵĵرȻܳ֡
ŵĵط˼ϸֳ졢֡
򣬷ͣûֱͣԽ졣
û⣬Ͼһѡ켶ǲŽй£Ȼû뵽ǣ죬Ȼûͣ졣
Сӣѵ볢죬Ц̲סЦܿǱߵˣûһˣͨظϾʹˣҪͨʮּѡ
ߵȫȻʧЦΪĲݸ
ʲôδؾͨܿȻҲΪУȴԲ·硣
ܿڶңҡҡͷúܿȥѾ׼ãȡսƷˡ
ȵȣ졭
ͻȻһŵ˷׷ȥʱûͣǼǰ
֮󣬾ͳ˼򣬽˵ؼ
ڷǰģֻһʣģһƬհס
Ȼ
΢΢ͷǲŸռؽ磬ܵõ̫õĶظ׼żͣռһλᣬĵطĺö
ĵر˵ǻгɳأҲֻһˡ
ȣһĵر
ѡǿֻ켶
켶ûȥҲؼһȻһƬհס
ûٶ뿪ѡ
ĺ
ĵرͲʺΪ켶϶ޱȼѣԶظ켶ʹǷҲûжٰա
죿ʹͨˣҲֻܵõһ켶ĵرʹ죬Ҫʱ䣬ҲôףµĵرɳޣͲҪ
ͷʱּ֮жĹĵر̶ȣظĵرδرȵʱ֮֡
ظĵرȻû˳ɳռ䣬ǶԷ˵켶ĵرѾ㹻ʹˣ켶ڻ޷ʹá
Ҫʤһظĵر㹻ˡ
ʵѡ
ʲô
죿볢켶
վ򣬲߶˶ˣغ˸𾪵˵
룬սһµظ켶ˮƽӵĻ˵ͨˣõһظ켶ĵرôһϣӮ
ǣ졭ôͨ
ˣ¶ЦԷĲмﵽ˶㣬Ҫ֪ʹҪͨظҪһֽţؽˡ
ò֪ߵغѾˣȫ˵ǿûߡ
ˣû뵽Ǹؽ磬ܿĺϷļƷЦҡͷЦóЦˣΪãЦһˣǶԼ衣
İ׳գһǵһμ
ܿ˵ɫѿޱȣƫƫַãʹǿѡ켶֪Բеľٶ
غд󼱣Ҫ֮ʣȴѾ̫ˡ
ޱȵĹ̨ϳ𣬷ӰûУתʧ



1159 
졣
ԭЩȷϾվ򣬲һҪȥռûκλɡ
ߡЦȫЦ
켶ҽȥҪԴСĵĻʧҲСӣҲֻ֧ʮ룬ͻᱻ߲м
һˣҲѡ켶һֱĸо
ʮ룿̫߿ˣҿ಻룬ͻԶЦҡͷԷмһˡ
ǰЩѡˣҲڶ̶ھͱ
⼸ҲǷ׷׿ڣԷ鳰һԵܿɫļѿ
ȻҲΪͨǱ裬ڵڴǵ
ʱţһתۣʮӾ͹ȥˡ
̨ûκα仯ûб
ӵʱ䵽ЦϵЦݾЩѿȵʮ󣬾ߵҲĽӲ
ĵ˵֧ŵʱᳬʮ룬ڣͳһʱ䡣
Ǹоʮѿ·һ˦ϡ
һˡܿͻȻߵ˰죬ȴ޷еıƿ֪ȴһִĳ죬Ҳǰֲʵĳ죬Ϊûа١
ߡ
ܿĻߵ޹⡣
ʲôСصһǿŻ֧ôãʵͱˡ߳ŭ
ԣһ
ϸԼҵһĽͣ»ָš
ȷʵռ棬ѡӲӲֱսȻҲԶݱ棬ȡߵĲԵĻָܼʱ䣬ûκ壬Ϊһζܣκãվ޴ӣֻܵĻûͨĿܣʱһͻᱻֱӺ
ʱ䳤̣˵ʲô
ңֻܵĻڽ֮ǵֻۣһ͡
˷۱ʱҿô޳Ц
ܿظ˽⣬߲٣뵽ģȻҲܡ
ȻЩģı֣ٻǸһģϾʹȡܲԣм켶Уôá
ʵҪܣ޴ӡ
һ㣬ʵͿ֪ʵ츳ǱҲӹɡ
֪ˣͨ;һˣܿȻ
αؽУͨ˵;Ŀ飬һ㣬֪ܿģǾˣԪֺȴûи
ȻΪκǰ֮Ԫֺѡ˵͵ܿĸ֣ҲӦֻ֪յ˶£Ԫֺûиܿͨ;Ŀ顣
ܿظһĿģҲͨ۲еı֣ȷˡ
ͨ;ˣܿܿȷˣһˣȴζҲ
ѩһͨ˱ּΪɫܿЩɣҲҿ϶
ȻʱܿȴǿԿ϶һˣǷ
ʲôܿ仰Ӧģǰغˡ
ǵӡ棬ӦǱԼв硭
ǣˣڵظôãûһ㣬غɣԼĻ˲ͻᱻʧܡ
Ȼͨ;һˡغ𾪣Щ֪롣
ѩſڽ࣬Ҳ˵
뵽ԼȻڷǰֵļΪ߰;޵ݡ
˵ûôӦ
ԭһˡĵɴ۾Ŀ̨ķ
ӣʮӣһСʱ
ģߡЦ˶죬ɫԽԽѿ
ߣѾһСʱˣ㿴ͨļʴ󲻴󣿡ܿߣЦ
졣ɫࡣ
ȷʵһֲԣǲܼ̫ãһСʱϡⲻġ
ȷʵдظʵٲģҲòһ㡣

ռڡ
ս
ոձͽһĻе쳹ݡ
ʮء
ֻҪǰʮأʹųɹѡ뿪õһ켶ĵؼĵرȻҲԼȥ
أܵõĵرκǿ
ʮߣõĵرȫʮأܵõظУǿ켶ĵر
ݺ󣬻еܿʽʼ
âһ͵һ޴Ĺ㳡ڡ
㳡һˣһµվĮĿ˹
ţ
üͷ΢
˾һϤĸо뵽˵;ϵĿ飬ͬսʤعߡ
ֻ;ϣأȻظȴʮ֮࣬Ȼӵϸ£ҲܺԹһ˵츳Ǳ
ûæڶ֣Ǽ˷ֺ͵;ʱ򣬻һЩ΢ͬ
ռڣڵ޵ûܵѹƣȻԶǡ
ܺá
չգ¶һЦݣ̫ٻʱģǿҵĹâչȥʱ鼰㳡
ռ䣬ģǵؽĳռ䳬ȹ̣˶̫ٻ󣬲ûгֿռڻ٣سɽĻ档
ն
Ź㳡ͷĺӣ³һ֣Ӷ̫ٻ𣬽ĲִգʱԽ˱˴˼ľ룬ն˺ǰ
ִ٣æӦԣȻѹԵǰ˲ͱһնУɫݱٳ˷ɻҡ
һЦ
վˣԵ΢Щ壬޼֣֮÷ռ˼ıˣӵʵԲ죬Ȼڷǰȴһס
֪ܿ»𾪵˵
һأͨ
е𣬺ӵµĵطһ޴Ĵ󣬷ƽĻУһ

ϸ촹䣬γĻ
ڶһϸɭ֮УɭǿȻһصع߾
ؽĿռ䡭
վԭأüͷζ֮ǰʩչ޼֮ĸܣԽռʱָоǴһţƤо˼谭
ǺΪеͨ٣һԻᱻ緢֡
Ӧǵؽ̫ȶԵʡ
Ȼ֮ų֮⣬ɱΣǷվûĵңɵһ㣬޼֮Ǵܱ֮޷׿ԽؽĿռ䣬ҲǺ¡
ҡҡͷǰȥ
Ƭ̺ǿҵĹâͻ棬ɭһƽվȴŴĳ֡
ڶصعߣڷǰȻǲһ
ʱ䣬ûаװ׶ȹʵ˳Ľʱվ۷塣
÷صĴ磬Եڶ˵֣޵Уҡ



1160 ʮһ
һأڶصعߣҲڵʵ
ΪͶӰԵʣܷӳģҪһۿۣʵڷǰȻǲ
ǰҪһЩȻʱȴǾͶ䣬׹ء
ءĹءء
һ·߸ͽת۾ɱ˵ڰ˹أķѵʱ䣬Ƕ̶ʮӡ
ǿٶȵĻܸһЩ
ӵؿʼعߵʵˣȻڷǰȻǲѾǹķٶȡ
Ͼڣûкͬεǿ߽֣Ѿ۷壬ľǱȫھ˳ǣսУܹӳٻδ֪
;̫Сû͹ˣȻռڵĶ֣ȫ졣
ȻЩ಻֪ͨԴʱķ˵ȴ㹻ˡ
ΪĥʯһչԼʵڻͨ÷ܹõƿغԼ
˵սռʱ򣬷һһʽЩֲڣѹصĻȷɱڰ˹صʱ򣬾ͱľϸ࣬Ҳв
һѵõĥ¡
ͣսҲ÷Ϊ˽ʱ޼֮
Ϊؽռ̫ȶԵʣ޼֮ܵ˼ƣܸǵķΧѹ˰ףҪɫĽ֮ʩչֻʮ׷Χڣһʮף޼֮Ŀռ䲨ͱıȽˣױ
Ͼ˵Ļ϶ҪЩͶӰ࣬ʹ޼֮в
ȻΪʲô⡣
޼֮ޣҪΪ̫֮٣һ淨ȥ޼֮ҲԽԽԶ֮ǰɱǧ֮⣬¶ʲô¡
ھŹء
һվںһˣĿĮ
ʱعߵʵѾӽ۷塣
΢΢һЦһǰ̤ӿ֮ϣӶ̫ٻ𣬷˹
ԷʵҪ¶ֲѣĥ»ᣬȻ׷Źս˰Сʱһ֮ٳ˷ɻңһء
޼֮ĸǷΧҲǵףʩչʮס
ս
һŹԼ֮򣬸һЩ淨Ҳϸ΢Ľ
ʮء
ҲͨһؿֻҪܳɹõһ켶ĵؼĵر
һЦӭعߡ
һСʱ󣬷һնɱعߣ˵ʮء
~
ʱռ䶼ζ䣬бļ󣬶عߵµĵطһͨ磬ѡĻܵõһĵرԵ켶
һͨһأӭӸǿս
Է˵ûпǵıҪҲ룬ֱ˵ڶ󣬹âʧԭء
ţ
һؿռڣ͵ĵãһ췢ͻȻ¶⶯֮ɫ
һǰİƶʱ棬ʮһصĳ˳
ظȻʮһأе˼췢Щζ죬黹ƽ
Ļ¾Ͳģˣظ󣬻޷̫𾪡
ʵԼ۷壬ʵȫԵϵбϵڡ췢Ŀ棬ȫԵϵĻȻߣϾǵؽ硣
ʵڽ֮Ҳһˡ
ףȵȡں췢߿ҪʧȥȤʱȻɴ۾λվ
ľ磬ľ硭
ĿĶŷ
Իĳ̫ΪռԵʣ췢Ҳûж⣬ʱźȻľ磬ģľڻ۷塣
Ƕľڻ۷壬ʵ̫ˡ
ǣ췢߷ľ磬Žǳľĵ֮ûգϸ˵ṳ̂һ硣
ͼ侪ˡ
츳ǱǷͬСɡ췢ߵһ츳Ǳʹǰκȣ
ţСܿģԪֺˣٺ٣кϷˡתۼ䣬Ͳ˷췢ߺȻһЦ¶˿Ϸ顣
ռУ֪רĶԸعߡ
ʮһصعߣѾ۷ʵʹǷҪСӦԡ
һս󣬷ڻعߣͬǳ󣬷ûԥͨһصĴ
ʮأռĹؿ
عصģͬһӣƽվȴ·ڣ˷ǰδеѹ
ߡ
ĿĮ

âи֣ǳҫǺõĵر֮ǰعߣʹõĶͬĵرȻûһʩչ֮ʱк˿¡
~
ɲǼ䣬Ⱥ׹䣬â˷λãĩգԷʵҲ֧Ƭ̣ͱƬ˳ռ䡣



1161 ȫ
ظ
ܿߵ˽ȴš
뷽ռ䣬ѾȥСʱǰκһˡ
ʱţʼų̂ϳ֣ߡЦ˵ɫ淢ѿ
Ѿ˵һʧˡ
ȻҲǾΪ϶ͨܲòϣȷʵнеظʸ񣬿ʸͳɹȫ¡
ְ죬ȴͷӣȱȽǡ
ҲΪܴһء
ˣ㿴СܲͨһԣЦ˿ĭ
ظ켶ȥԵİһɹõĿǵؼĵرû뵽ԭһ㶼۵ķȥˣҼ֮ã뵽֮ǰԷĲмͳЦɫѿ֮Ҳ̲סЩҡ
޿ܡնظҶһͨο
С֧ŵڣѾǺ˲ˣʮأҿҲڵ߹ءڰ˹أҵ˼ޣϾҪ
仰˵ЦˣҲ˵һߵܿġ
ˡ
䣬ظ̨ϹâӿһӰ渡ֳǽռķ
ˡ˶Ǿһ
һЩ˸оʱķϣƺĳɱ䣬ɻһϾͱҪȡ
ûĵرߵע⵽˷ֿտգ̨ϣҲûӿâͳĵر
ʧˡ
ֱʱ߲˿ɫҲ»ָ
СӹȻûɹ϶ֻ߰˹ءЦҲǳһ
ǺǡԵһЦһ־ӸµĿ˵ڵظУôãСȷʵе츳ֻϧѡļǵظֻĻһЩɹĿܡ
˵ſϧȻϵıаϧڡ
ҲԴ󣬲ʧܵĽЦҲЦ
ˣҲȫϾⳡԼĵе󣬹غڽ֮ǵǰ;ĺճʵĵãҺãյӮһǡ
˵̫磬ûбͳȥܿ
ԣߵ˶һʱǲ뵽Ȼ̨ϣյ˵ʧܵĻ̱ͳظȻȴûС
ѵжʱһ
ʱޱȵĹȻ̨ϳ𣬻ֺ׳˴ǰκһˡ
貹Уɢǿ󲨶Ĺţֳڷǰ
⡭
һĻ˵Цغˣܿ߶㵣Ūʲô
ȻܴظǣֻͨʮأʮһغʮأʱѹͲ֣ظԶжûгʮһصʸ
ˣһǶãȻ⡣
ôᣬ˸ţĵر
ռﵽʲôѵһӵõôĵر
ȫǿ֮ľĽ
ͨ󣬾ȻһϵĵرĳǰûгֹҲȫ
ظĹ
ͨʮأֻһĵرǣʮһأʮصĻָ̻ϵĵر˵Щĵر鷽ǸһѡĻᡣ
֮ǰˣظͳĵرûѡʸġ
һŪôһ£ƶʱ̽һУܿһĵرһ
ĵرȫŪ׺󣬷ţ֮˳
˾߸Ŷʱʧ֮С
˭֪ͨ˵ظɹȡһ켶ĵر
ߵɫ࣬ŷ뿪̨ϷƲ㡣
˵ĿⶼŷҴһڣΪ֪ΪⳡԼʤ
˻ȣԹ޵Ŀ⣬ƽߵޱƽǰ

ͳ÷ĶΪ֮һ٣漴ЩζĿ˵ˣߡ
Ȱǰúÿ߿ŷ
ڽõĵرޱƽֻӮǣҲܻ䡣
ΪΣظĵرδؾͱĵرǿǲǱʤˡ
ǣһȥûкڵˡ
Ŀ䣬ев֮Ա
Ҫߣ㾹вҵˡܿȻŭҽĵر͵ظĵرȣ㻹ٲҪ𣿡
ĵر൱ڵظĵرпܸǿ
յ˵ĵرļֵĲǵȼĻֲһĲġ
Ȼڵȴá
ظ죬ȻҲǲһ𣬵ǣ˼ĵرȴǵؼĵرĲ̫࣬ˣԶһ죬ֲġ
˶߻˵ֵܿļΪŭ
ȴûܿһۣҲûܿֻĮĿŷ
ڣΪʲôҪڣ
ǺǺǣԼڽ֮ǵĴ˽Ļ͸ЦҪ֣͹ͶԪֺ°ɣ֮ǣԪֺ˳۵ˣڣ֮УҲܵĥѡ
˵ڽ⣬˶ˣԴ˵ĳǵԪֺĻ˵һ䡭ôܻȫ
ĶԼӮ۵Ķ˽ˣȫʧȥĵرڽУͨļʴ˻ô룿鷳ƾԪֺУ
ųĬܿˣԽ
ĻͲĵرŽȥӮⳡԼĵرģκʧҲﶾˣǽԴϲʱڶǰԼ䣬˵㶼ܸĻͥò
Ǵ˵أ㲻ܾ
߾Ӹµ˵ģȷѡ
ΪﶾĺԳе
Цϱɷغ˵ĿԽУĸоһǿƵϴǶ˵һ¡
෴Ԫֺڽ֮ǣʹˡ
ܿ죬̾Ϣ£û˵ڡ
˵ûⳡԼӮˣЦʧȥظõĵرʧֲܻ߱ѣԷڴ𵽵ľãȻᱻǨŭ
һ㣬޷
غȫ۰Ͱ͵Ŀŷǵ飬ӵãٴõӭڿȴز۵³
˵ˣƽĿһۣƺЩ֡
Ȼȴŷ˵ĻȻһ仰ʱס
Ȼ˵ˣǻ㣬һȥ·֣ùϻˣռŵ
Ļ˻֣Խ˽Ӳסߣޱƽǰеĵرұ̡
~
һ죬ұһǰƣһס



1162 Ļ
ʤѷ֡
˶ѾȡһˣľٶһⳡԼӮ
ӮӮˣ
ܿ˻УŵĿһߵޱƽǻΪߵвѡ֪ȫߣһ֮Ťת˶Լ
ΪƣΪ꣬Ҳǡ
Ҳΰɡغ૵ֱʱ޷Ǹȥô۵ķͨ;ˣҸ˵ǣͨ˵ظ
֮󣬽žǿϲ
˶ϲ
δӮˣǱסԼõĵرӮ˶ԷĵرǺݺݳһж
ǣһ׹Ԩ
ˡ
ս˲䣬Ц˵࣬·𱻺ݺݴһ£ɫ˲Ĳ԰ޱȡ
û뵽ԭʤȯյĶԼȻˣ˻С£ҪģǧȡĵرȴͽΪѣ˱˵ĶĽƵҪѪ
Ȼ˵ʲôԹĻߵĿ⣬Ѿ˿˿Թޡ
ⳡԼһġ
ĻЦ˾ԲȥʲôģҲĸɸɾظǰˣǿѾظĻǺεѵãʧȥ͵һλᣬҪظ󣬾ûôˡ
ʧȥĵرڽ֮ǵۻήͣҲӼѣһԣӰ쵽ǵδԼڵؽǰ;
һУ׾ߡ
Ц˵ԹޣûȥᣬŷĿ䵽˼㡣
ǺǺǣҹһȥշģΪԼʲôô˵ЩʵЦŭ˼㣬һˣͨ˵ظΣ˺ȳԼ߸оǰδе衣
ھͽ̽㣬ô𾴱ǿˡ
Į߿Ȼһĵرɫϰ߲
ʣһ켶ĵؼĵر
ߵĴ߶·һһɫзͬߵļŷ˶
ߣҡܿ־ŭû뵽߾ظ֡
ҲͬΪߵĶ֣Ͼ۷Ȼͨ˵ظʵǺ츳ǱҲйϵôǿ
Ȼִ٣ܿʵԶߣҪԮȴѾˡ
Цһ߶ֵɲǣ̫ٻʹ︡Ҳ¶ǵķâʵı
~
һ˹ɫб׷ֲĸɢݿΧЦ˶ǺȻɫ䣬æ˿
ѵң㻹ûʸ񡣡ǰһ޼֮ʩչĪУնϡ
~
׻еĴֶ˿ȥǿվ֮󣬶ʱһѪ¶
е飬ȫ𾪵˼㡣
ߵʵҪûף̫ԴΪ׾·˲·硣
Χˣȫ𾪵˵һ޷ŷ
Ľ
ͻȻ
ֲѹȻ٣ˣڣȫá
һ췢߳ڿУӸµĿˣߵĴڿУûе췢
ƺܿæ
ڳˣҲֻܿϵˣļƣ˭ܲ³λƺӦþظǿˡ
ظ棬ûзˣûǿߣǲ׳ְˣߺͷ֣˶Է
ߡ췢Į
Сڡ߻һæ
λظߣɲԪֺһӣҲҵö֪ĻǻԲ˶ߡ
ôĵӣΥ֮ǵĹأ˽˳֣ظڣ֪췢
֮Ǳͽֹ˽ظĵطˣ׾ͻᱻΪҪı˵õĵرǷɻ¡
ǣСȶҲͼҪ⡣
㲻ΪԼ˭췢߲м֮ǿûֹƨأҪ˵Աжپ⣿
һԣ֮飬û췢ߡ
Ҫ˵Ȼˣֺõĵȥ֮ǰΪ˼ŭܿ䣬Ԫֺûжپ⡣
ң֪ߵͷȥڷա
֮ǰ˵ʲôڱ췢Ҳ˺ȳ⣬ȴѹҷ
֪һȣȥһνظĻᣬ飿췢ߵ
ͷһ߶ʱ۲ѣظĻǺεѵãûʮգԲȥԣ˷ѵõĻᣬʹҲûмΣȴӲļһΡ
ƫƫǺް취ΪȷʵʧȥǣȣʹֵҲվסţҶҲδػΪͷôʧ鷳ͺܲˡ
³ͷأ߶òݺѪ̣ˡ
Ϊ֮ĮƳһۣ췢漴ʧ
һߣ˺ָܿ
ߡɫѿǶ棬˷۱Ҳûٴȥˡ
ߣǷҵĵرһȥҪģûǴĻӦõõһܲĵرܿûֹֻƮƮһ仰߲ʧȥǡ
һڳ߲ٴȥĻѷθըͷҲصȥ
غ˺ôЦйǰıơ
ζ㣬ߵ壬Ҳ֪Ҵ罻ܿߵ˷ǰϵ˵
ΪԼĳ嶯ٲܿԷȷʵǸм˼㡣
ЦЦ
ԪֺͶ֮ĶԹûʲôȤԪֺؽ磬壬ǼŵģԼĳɳ˳ﵽԪֺġ
Ƿһ顣֣ܿصӮõĵر㴦ãţ˲
Ƿ˵ӮȡĵرˣԼĵرסȻ˷ԡ
ˡҡҡͷ
ĵرõҲ켶𣬽ܳɳǼˣĵرίʵǲȤ
̫ٻʱֵ֮ĳɳǱֹ졣
ǸյõĵؼĵرֻΪƷĻЩؼﲻĵر
ܿЩⲻȥϾǴ󹦳ʲôҪĻ޷ܡ
ɣһ켶ĵرδȴܳɳ죬˼Ĵ۵õģ󣬾͸ɡܿ룬ԥ˵
ȻܿԼҲҪʵǿܷӳĵرǷ˷顣
죬ܳɳ졣ɫ΢
һΣûоܾϾ켶ĵؼĵرԷżõġ
ʱԣʵҪ£ҪһЩ켶ĵر
ȻˣҾȴ֮ˡ˵ͷ



1163 ˷ܵԪֺ
Ӯĵرܿ͸
Ȼûе֣ҲҲ˵ƺ֤ΪƽϢЦ˵Թޣ߶òʹó򣬶Ӳܡ
뵽ߵı飬ܿʹޱȣԴκºԪֺ֮ǴѣܿҲùܾûôüʱˡ
ĵرܿԼҲû˷ˡ
һٶʱ˶ĲĸɸɾҲ£ġ
սǽԴϲ

֮ǣԪֺס
һľĻ԰УԪֺͥ԰Ѿƽ࣬Ȼü䣬Ȼһ˿ᡣ
ݱƣձеģʮۻɡ
ʹǿߣʮ꣬ռ˼صһ
Ԫֺ飬Ѿƽࡣ
ͻȻ
ٵĽŲȻ
ԪֺЦЦ̧ͷ֪˭ôɴüеʾģֻһˡ
磬硣ܿһߴУһ˽
ţԪֺЩĿһۡ
ܿϲɫ⵹Ǻܺһ£Ͼ֮ǣֵܶˣĶô⡣
磬ҽ˭ܿһߣǶĹӣҴȥظʱǰ
֣Ԫֺɫ΢û˵ʲô
ͬʱҲЩ֡
ϾߣԲʲô£ܿô˷ܣȻܷ
巢ʲô˵Ԫֺ
ǡܿҲûûдϢˣϣϢ˵ԪֺҲһ¡
ܿľԭԭ˵һ顣
߼ŭܿ¶ԼʱԪֺ̲סüϵˣսթȻҸģоԵİգζˣһš
Ǵ磬Ҿ̫嶯ˡܿЩ˼
ȻأԪֺʵܿı֣Ȼת
ܿһȫ˵ߴУȫͨʱԪֺжʱһʹҲ󲻳ܿô̵ġ
֪˭ŤתǬ𣿾Ƿǰ˶ʧܺ˶ˣʱվ˳ѡ˵ظܿ˷ܵ
ظ죿ԪֺһоأΡ
ͨҽҲ֣ظͳһĵرǳ˰ĵرɷѡ񡣡ܿ
ԣԪֺ΢¶ǿҵĺɫ
磿
ܿ㲻ֶ֪ĵرѡΪͨʮһأʮأԣʮصعߣ춼ֻһ֮ңͨģӦʮһءԪֺһ
ʮһأʮءܿҲǳһ
ⷽⷽȻ죬û뵽û뵽̫ˡԪֺҲס͵վ𾪡
ʵô£ؼľ磬ƥʵͼ侪ˡ
츳Ǳ
츳Ǳκ¶˿ǵĵ;飬ԣǸЦٷ֮һʵⲻԪֺ𾪵
û뵽Ȼǿѹڵ;ʱ򣬿ͨʮɡ
Ѿܸ߿ˣû뵽ĻҪ̫ࡣ
ʮҲųһκû뵽κ
ԪֺģǷκôĿһУеǣ˲ңҲ˵ԭ򣬲κ˶ˡ
û뵽ڽ֮ô꣬ӭüһ졣Ԫֺ΢΢ţžˮһЩ˿⡣
ô꣬ʵǱ̫ˡ
ܿҲΪԪֺˡ
Ҫúһ롣֮Ԫֺ侲
ǰ֮ǰϣκݣԷԼһ¡

һǰϡ
֮ǣ֪԰ĵطȻܶطڶȥһЩȽϹΪ֪ϣܲ鵽ġ
ʱĵģǹʵĻ
ϣʥ£Ϊʮ죬ʮʵȼ
۷壬յ˵ҲֻһСȼӦòȻԪֺƺǶˣܸо˴˼ľ޴࣬ǵ蹵
ȼ֮Ĳ࣬Զ֮ǰĴĶĶࡣ
ܹоҪԽȥһǵʵ۷壬죬»쳣ļѡ



1164 ʥ֮
ЩϣֱѯܿҲ֪޲ԣ޲
ظܿ˰źסʹҴȥҲ֪ȥ
Ƿ׷ױչأϤոյõĵر֮תΪԼǺͷһǳؽ磬ҲнɴԼ˳ҲǶ˽һ֮ǵ
ϾҪһʱ䣬£ʮꡣ
˳·˵ָ㣬һ޴ĸ¥ǰŴ֪ĻԼ֮͵Ƚ׵ĵرв١
˵أûκεż˭ԽȻǲʲôöģʸ֮ǵˣߣǲὫ֮
ţҵˡ˽ȥͻȻ۾һ
ʵָۡ
۵ݣ죬ڵؽˣļճ񾳡侳ʮֳȵ֮ʵǸߵˣԶԶһĴܱȵġ
ڵؽˣ֮ϡ
ѪС
˼ؽˣ֮ߣΪǶԵʣҲǿģΪѪС
޿ͨ徭ܸ߲֮ɱ塣
绯ɵӴ˳ס
ʱɱ䣬ڸõһˣһǿ壬ɢ˿ۼ
ֻеǿĳһ̶ʱͨѪȥúһʼӵи㡣
Щ޺ˣҪͻƵͨ쾳Ƕľͷǳˡ
ͻƵľǺεȵļѡ
ȣҪҵһ磬Ϊ֮½½ʹø˳ͻƵͨ쾳ҪͻƵľһøҲûãҪһʼ½γԨ֮
ͬһˣԴ˵Ϊ֮½õĻҲֹֻڽ쾳޷ͻƵľ
У޵
ܳΪһľޣ¡
ڵؽ磬ȴЩ̳ĳһǿѪĵޣһжˮɣʹѡı֮½ôͬɽͨ쾳Լ½˳γԨ֮
ؽĶľ֮࣬ԶԶ硣
˱ˣˡ΢΢ҡͷ
ҲûʲôĽģѪлʱţһձԽԽϡȻˣһ޷תĶľޣҲԼơ
ѪУҲһ޶ġ
ҲҪϣٸ
ǿİɡ
ٷһ֣˺档
ţʥ֮졣Ȼһ
ȥ
죬ֱ졢졢ʮ졣
켶Ȼֳʮ죬ǰԺȴ֮ȫԿ֡
Ժÿ֮Ĳ࣬ԽԽԶ֮ǰ
һˮ룬Ҫ죬Խ죬죬ʵϸر𡣡
ͻǿ߾ʸӵзš
غػʣʮصۡ
֮ɫ
һ쵽죬ʲôţУҲòʲôϣķţ綼ͬġ
˺ԪֺལƺЩˣȫ켶ǿߣԺΪš
кѩģѩʡ
Ǿ켶ǿߣԻΪš
ȻеԼǿ߶зţĽûзţһԭ뿪Ĵʵ̻󽵣ļһ죬Եúˮˡ
ԭԣֻдһˣŻõţұϡ
Ǹ߸ϵʥ֮µĴ졣
졣
һ۷壬Ǿ컹ǳңԶ
ظĵʮأǸعߵʵԶڷ֮ϣоԷҲ졣
˺ԪֺǰԳŲƬ̡
쿪ʼ˷ţ磬죬ȫһ죬һأʵҲˡ
أβͻƵ죬ߵȼ
ؽ磬ӵǿߣͳƵһɼǿߵĵλǿᡣ
ڵʵѾǼޣǼͻƵ߾磬Żӵиǿʵ
ľ磬ʵȴö֪
ʵⱾ¡
ͬΪľӵ۷ʵغ˽ֹ죬ʵӵ΢ˣҲǴڡ
Ҳ˵վĵ֮ʵһܴﵽ죬ңԶľ;ĵ֪ĻǺܶ࣬óȻ¡
ľҲͲʵ



1165 ʱ
ȥˡ
һЩϺۿɫ뿪¥صס
ټׯ԰ڣĵģûʲô߶
ЩԪֺؽ˶ڴ˵أʱͣ
صڡ
Žá
ܿ˼Щһº󣬻ӭһʽҵǶݵλԪֺĻ֣ӦòмԶֶԸңǰ°ӿⲻ˵ģԪֺڽ֮ǵĴҲͷ
֮ܶ鷳ս١
ƽ⣬ȥʲô鷳սûʲô壬ֻҪԼٽһѶӭж⣬ʹǶ֮ʲô
ʵûָͻơ
Ȳ˵ʱԶľҲ׼Ϊת֮µһ硣
ҪͻƵ죬ΪѣǺް취
뵽ǣ淨
յģֱ淨
ֻأٴĿǰģڱصϼǿȻһûҵԵʡѰ˼ţȻ淨ǽȴ졣
ʵҪ淨ϡ
淨£Ȼ֮£ǹȼޣֻм淨ͻƵ죬ǣ淨ȴһ
֮ط
淨Ѿõ˺ܳһʱ䣬ҲԽԽܴжϳǵܡ
طŵĵһɣʵ죬⻹ŵĵһ㣬ͳԽ淨
֮ӱ̬ŵĵһ㣬²⣬죬пܴﵽ졣
Ȼ֮һЩȻطǵ޵淨ȴ𽥽ӽɡ
طɣʵ죬֮ɣʵ죬Ƿļƻ
ط󡣡
૵ǰеƸֳÿһƶǽȻͬıԴϢš
ؽǰ꣬طϽ󣬴ʱյĵƣѾٶȫ۳ͬ
طĵһ㣬Ҫ۾Ÿƣܿڴʯϡ
ûдʯطȴ½̫࣬ڣ޷־ãƺܿͻɢ
γ֮ɢĸ졣
ƿصĵرޣ켶ٸߵľͳҵΧ
켶ĵرҲƿزˡ
ʵϣľƿ켶ĵرѾǷǳˣغˣͬľ磬ƿ켶
ֻҪҵ켶ĵرÿһĵر϶ӡƣγطһ˲䱬켶𡣡
ġ
ƿ켶Է֮ȴܱ淨
Ȼ۳ƣѾԳֻҪ켶ĵرɡ
ͷ켶ĵرֻ̫ٻԼմظõĵر
ܿҲֹ
ĵر΢΢ҡͷʩչطǳ̣ɷĻ޷ͬʱʹ켶ĵرġ
ʱ֮ûбȥϾһʱֻܾһĵر棬Ҫ̫ٻʱ֣֮ûͻƵ˼ʱɲó
ȻҪʱ֮ϣһĵرһ޵еġ
죬ȥҰɡ
ڣרĵطĻ°빦ĵطҲ֮ܿǰ͸¶Ϣ

ա

ݺ󣬷ûܵʲôţ˳Ľһڡ
˵ңȻʵȴǼΪտĵطһУҲڻ¡
~
һоÿһȸԾ̰ļȡΧ
磬ĻԵ޵ø󣬿ϧͣʱޡ
һĵط
~
һɽ˳Ǹϡʱԭʯγ˾ƣɫ˳ھƵ롣
ָһһεĹֺХŷɳ뾻֮Уʱ֮֡
žƵĴ߶âصʱԭʯӿʱ֮գֱȥߴ䣬׳š
ĿȥʱоھƵΧâʱձ仯Ī⣬ŲԵȵĻĿѣԡ
ҡҡͷջĿ⣬УһŹâ֣ס
Ƿظõĵر
Իȥ¶ĵرݣֻһɫСתţÿһת·һƵɽѹ˺ֹ

һĵر֣켶ĵؼĵر
ɽһĴ磬һ֮£Ȼɽ飬㸲ĳ

ؼĵرȻûôظõЩĵرȾҪ֮ȴҪ׵Ķࡣ
պ󣬷ɹ
΢䣬һɫСΧתڷֻҪһпգͿϤһĵر
ǳȽϽӽҪ֮ƿأҪ࣬ҲǷǰĵر棬Ψѡԭ
Ͼûôʱȥ˷ѡ
һƸ֣Ѹγһƣӡϣʱһ˿˿ԴϢɢݳ
ȴûзʲô仯
һƣҲǽһĵر켶켶Ȼá
̫ٻҲ︡ͬӡơ
ĵرӳϾͳ˷ļޣֻܽʹá
~
һȻ˷ע⡣
ע⵽Уʱԭʯֹͣӿԭʱֵ֮ĵطʱһƬâĿȥԿʱš
ǡվ
ʱ֮ɱ䣬죬Ϊ˼ĵر
Ƕ켶𣬴ʱڵؽѸɱ䣬Ҳ
ȴƬ̡
~
һâгΧĹâ羨̰㾡յɲǼ䣬ƵʱշһЩ仯
¶ɫһУʱֶ֮ʱɵ˷ǰ
ۣ쿴ʱֵ֮ı仯
ΪģʱȻŸı䡣
ԭˣʱ١Ȼ
ԽȼޣΪ˼ĵرʱ֮ԭʱͣ䣬һʱ١
ʱ֮ɳЩƣȴһģһ
ܼͬһʱ䣬ʱֵ֮ʱ٣پ֮ϣս֮С
ʣһսʽҲؽĸӶʵҲΪǿ
Ȼǰǣʱ߲֮Ρ
˼ʱ٣Ķ֣𲻵κõġ



1166 ټ
֮ǡ
һռĸۡڣĵȴš
ظ󣬴֪ܿͱ©еϾ͸ĸۡȻû뵽ǣɲɵñչء
ȻϢ˹ȥûϳأҲûκλӦ
߸еʮֵļ尾޷ⶾ̬ȣÿˣһȹϵϰĸо
ߴˡһŮ˳΢΢һ񣺡ȥ
ǡܼˣ߲ҵæվ߽˶ڵĵط
һվ̨֮ϣĿܲӿɫ꣬ǿ߶
߽³֡
µĹΪǣС˵־ƾ˴߻æйȫԼϣȴ΢΢˿Զ˽⣬ȻԸ˵תء
ϾǶˣҲΪһʧܣͳ׷ߡ
龭ϸ˵һ顣
Ȼ˽ǾϸڣȻҪ
߲ҵæȫһ飬вȴȫ飬˵˳
˵ҵͷСҲӣ۾Ĺ
ŭס
ԣǵӣһԥûУҹһȥߵ
ҲҪˣⷽôĹ
ŭЦȻڼ̺ɱ⣬ȴ߶̲ס˸䡣
ˣⷽʲôƬ̺ԥʵռ󣬾Ȼ˰ĵرѡ
ߡɫʱȥͨ˵ʮһء
СȻţҲпʱľߣǰκҲˡ
ɫʮѿ
ڽ⣬Ԫֺ˵ԪֺĽˣһκţǳЦĻȻû뵽滹ôһ
ڴҿ˵ĳͻû̫˿һȥɻΪ֮ǵЦ
ԪֺϹ˹ʺˡҧǿҵļޡ
Ϊʹô꣬ûκһţ֪ԪֺǱ߾Ȼⲻֶʡ
ˣԪֺжһ»ߵĵ
Ц
Ԫֺ
Ҫ˵֮ĶԹҪԵλ֮
ԪֺͶǽ֮ǵĽʹλҲǼߣҪһֻгΪ֮ǵĸˡ
꣬һλλͣʸϣλҲԪֺģθ֮λӦûκȻʱƫƫһκճ֮ǡ
ԪֺҲˮǴߣλǣƽ˶
κŰ裬ݺݴˣ棬ϸ֮λΪκܿ뿪ԪֺǳҲûгΪһλñ˵õ
ʧȥ˸֮λɰԪֺ޵˹˽
ʮȥ֮һλλѾз˳ڽʹѡһڹϣһκų֣ԪֺȷʵмĿ
ⲻǶϣģԪֺ˸ĻλµĶҲù
ΣԪֺ
Ҫһ겻޷֮աɫ

ѵҡ
һɫСһɫ֣ڷΧתţʱ֣֮Ϥǵ
ʱ֮Ȼֹ˼ӡϵƺҲܴǣֻ޷γɷ󣬱Ͼ̫ٻв֮ͬͬˮͰĶ̰壬ֻήطܡ
ʮˡ
еĵرѵңһֻʮ졣
ȷ߳ѵҺ󣬶ʱһ㶡
ڳˡܿЦݵӭ
ѵ⣬Ȼһ˵ţˣܿ
ǣЩ죬ܿĻ֪˲죬÷е֣Ϊʲô£ܿӣȴֲ
¡ܿЦ̯һǿҵĹâֳɢǿ
ؼĵرĿһ
ҴǿҪĵر˵õģ㡣ܿŹâƵ˷ǰϵûʲôᡣ
ʵϣӮһΣȥҪʱǷŭ֮޿κΣֻűԵģܿ;׬ˣݺݷйһΣе˵ʹ졣
˵ͷʱȷʵ˵ãһĵر
Ҿȴ֮ˡ켶ĵرȱֱ
еڶ¡ܿɫҴҪ㡣
Ԫֺһͣ漴˵ͷ



1167 ˫Ӯѡ
Ǻ⡣
ظ֮ͨ¿϶ᴫԪֺУӶõӺټҲ֮С
ʵԶʤ۱硣
ٺõĿڲţԼţҲһչ¶â
ֵһֱܵ͵ڽ֮ǵĽУ˿ۣܿͨ˵;ˣǷˣ֪ȫûбҪߵ
Ĺâڸǲסġ
߰ɡͷմҳҲûʲôҪ£ȥһԪֺ
Ҵ·ܿ˷ܵ
ԪֺΪʹڽ֮ǵĵλȻǼߣסĸۡռҲǼ㣬ܿĴ죬ǲݻ·ֱڣҲҪͨ
磬磬Ҹˡһȥܿʹ
ӰһԪֺǰǵܿһۣſ
Ԫֺ΢΢񣺡⼸նĳˣ˼¡
ܿУ֪Ԫֺʱ棬ŵ
޷
ԪֺҡҡͷʵϣҪϵĻǿԵģԪֺȴֹܿôҲֳԷӡ
Ҫ˵Ӧøл㣬ܿС̫嶯˱˵壬㣬βˣҪˡԪֺ
һԣܿҲǵͷ
һΣȷʵϡ
ЦЦȻӹ԰̬ȣҲԪֺʮ⣬츳ǱԸֺãǰ;ȻһƬκ·
̸䣬һͥ԰֮Уﻷţʺ̸
νһЩ飬Ҫ֪˻ᣬԪֺһзȻǵΪ˸л
Ԫֺ˵
֮ǵĴܿѾ˵Ҳ㡣Ԫֺɫʵ֮һλλµĸڽʹѡһʱյĻȻҴĪĺôڽ֮ʶ֮λҲǲܡ
ǡ
˵Ԫֺһ١
츳ǱκһʼʽȻȵ𣬽ؽһЩʱܵ룬뿪֮ǣҪ೤ʱ䡣
ЩҶ㣬ԸԸڽ֮ǶͣҶ㣬ѡ񡣡ԪֺҪģҹӮľ棬
ԪֺЩȻκ֮䣬;ǹӮκҲô뿪ˡ
£ûϻشԪֺڳϲ̬Щжξ񣬷Ȼ׼ȶ˽һЩ˵
ѡ뿪Ҫãѡ£ڵؽǰ;᲻вõӰ죿Ҫϸ֮λҪڽ֮ãʲô̶ȣ
һʳ⣬ԪֺȴĻش
Ȼشһ⡣Ԫֺ˵ͷʣҹҲҪһ꣬뿪֮ǡ
һꣿһ㶡
ǵκ¾뿪˽֮ǣ˳㻹˼¼ȻԪֺ˵ԼʿκΪʲôô
ʵ꣬κͨ;뿪֮ǵġԪֺȻʲô˽͡
;ĻҲҪһʱ䣬ܸȲôãǣر;
Ӧ֪ɣ
Եͷ
ʵΪ֣֮ǰעǼǣԼ֮࣬һڽоŲ㣬ֻҪ߲ϣ뿪֮ǣ·ҲƼߡԪֺ
˵Ϊʲôһ϶Ҫһ뿪Ϊ֮һºǽӭһʽʱڣһʱ򣬲Żóĳɼͽ
΢΢ףҲҪʱġ
ţһɼͻһЩؽ۽磬ʱ߻
ˡȻԪֺĻش
⣬ҿʵһԪֺЦЦ
κȷʵǷǳĲ󣬵ؽ罫һʢᣬǧ֮ǽۼһ𣬽йͬؽ½ӣҲͬǳʢ֮ո¶ͷǣѡࡣ
ǧʢ£϶Ҫ׼꣬ͷ˳ԪֺĽʹȻİ
ʢᣬǲʲô˼ģϾ֮ǣʸμӵ˶ж٣ǳһȴԪֺϣ
Ԫֺ΢΢ҡͷипѡ
ؽǧ֮ǣһ£ǸΪţֻĳЩ£һЩ߳ǿߵ£Żǧʢ³֡
κûĻ
ҿô㣬µĻʹڵһž˱֣ҲһЩްȴѽʥ۽磬ǳǧʢ²һĻֳɫĻʹʥУΪĵӣҲǲܡ
ֻҪǧʢгɫ֣ǶҵҺпܽ˵ϸ֮λԪֺû˵˳
˵ͷˡ
ڽ֮꣬Ԫֺǻ˫Ӯľ档
һ뿪֮ǣţԼܽһоǿľް֮УΪǸް½ӣҲлμǧʢ¡
ǱˣʱѾһĳԱˣʹǧʢųɫ֣ҪĻͥҲף˳Ҳδܵʥ
෴Խ֮ǵĳҪʥ׶ˡ
ܣؽĳһ
ҪõطĹһûָģֻнؽ綥һЩܡ
ðɣܵһĽΣҶڽ֮ꡣ΢΢һЦ˾
Ԫֺʱϲ
ұ֤ڡԪֺæ
Ȼһ£ҲûһЩҪ󣬱ؼĵر
켶ĵؼĵرܳγطʵҲȻ죬ظĵʮأӦû⡣
ؼĵرû⣬ҪôƿصĹԪֺЩȡ
켶ĵرһĶľ޸ƿزˣʹ緽Ҳƿض֣ΪʲôҪôࡣ
ûжʣҪҲǺܶ࣬켶ĵؼĵر
ԪֺϾǿߣȻڽ֮ǻĲ⣬켶ĵؼĵرõóġ
ô׵õĵرҲ÷˷ܲѡ
ԳϴңҲḺˡ
Ԫֺˣһһ£ڶľ˻ᣬ˵



1168 ת̣֮ʼ
ľ
Ƿľ磬Ӹ˽⵽ǳ⣬÷ٳٲóȻ֮ء
ڶľܣ޷ײ鵽ԪֺΪ켶ĵޣȻ᲻֪顣
Ȼۣ֮Ĳʵ̫ߣ漰˵޵ıʣڶľڵ֮˵̫ͼˣ֮ܳС
ľ
Ԫֺ˵ͷʹβҲ׼ϸĽһ÷˽⵽ľ
⣬˵ǰ磬ͨͽ쾳Ϊľģ˵½ͨǵ޵ĵһɱĻôľǵ޵ڶɱĿʼ
ڶɱ䡣Ŀһ
壬˵̥ǵı仯õ޳ףҪԲԶû뵽ľȻ˱仯Ტۡ
Ԫֺ˵֣ص
Ǻǣ㿴ܿʲô磿Ԫֺ΢΢һЦûлش𣬷ǻһ⡣
ܿľ磿һĿһԵܿϣǳŷһЦգգۡ
˵֣ؽϵˣԪֺܿߣǵľ緽ȫͬ˵ˣǰغǣЦǣܿ
Щ棬ҲȷߣľǶľڵġ
Ƕľ۷ɡ£һ̫϶Ĵ𰸡
ԪֺһЦȴû
㿴أʲô磿Ԫֺ
㣿ԪֺҲʵʹתҲǶľ۷塣
ȫ´ˡܿЦ˳ǶľڣأҲǶľڰˡ
ʲôһе㲻ԼĶ䡣
ܿǶľڣȻ󣬵ǿҲܽ
ǣԪֺ켶ǿߣȻŶľڣ÷޷
ʲôЦ
Ҫ֪κǶľ۷ǿ߰κǿܱȵ죿Ȼܡ
ǣκǽ֮ʮŵˣôܱȲԪֺˣìܡ
ȻܿԪֺı飬ȴ˵ѡ
֣Ǹؽ磬ҲԪֺ΢Ц
˺ͷǶˣʵ̫󣬹ǴУ֪ϣһ޷Խľ޴蹵
ת˽٣Ԫֺʵ
ӺͿԪֺ˼·ЩԾ˵ľ£һתת
һ֪ʵش
ླ翵ľ磬ŵ޵ļ£תĳ˵ǵ޵һˡ
ľŸս룬Ļת˽⡣
תתʵתԷֿһת֮һ֮Ӧת֡
֮ת֮֮ϣ˵Уųֻأӽľ磬һ̫ңԶҲҲһ֪
Ҫ˵ģת֮
ЩԤУһܽӴ޵߾硣
Ԫֺͣһ£ŷ˵ؽһ仰
ʲô
ת֮ʼԪֺһֵ
ͷһ𣬲࡭ܺǣϹϵģ޲ǷͬСɡ
תָ֮ľǾת˵УɾתܵĻǳΪĿʼȻǿʼΪ࣬ʮǧʹǾתֻ֮أδܳɾͲࡣԪֺ
תֻءо˵Ǿ޴𺳡
࣬Է˵һֱ翣ͬλӰ
Ȼڣȴ÷һ·ĵ·Ȼյδִܵܱʲô;ûҪ
תȻתһ֣ӦǶľ֮ˡɻľûȥ̸ת̫ˡ
ˡԪֺһЦȻתȷʵڶľ֮󣬵ǾתӶľͿԿʼˡ
֮أֽ̺ȻͬͻƵľʱռһΪ麣ͻ죬ǾģǷͥƣһУ˵ľҪ
תǰתþ֮أ塣
ľڣܽһת
ľڣܽжת
ľ۷壬ܽת
֮Կǵľ磬ΪǶܣѾԭˡ
Ԫֺϸš
֮󣬵ԡʵԶԶ֮ǰҲֻоܣʵ죬ܽѪȥݼˣͨ壬޷Ѫеġ
ܣôľǵ޵ļˣֻо֮󣬲ܽߵľ磬ת֮ʽת֮
𺳣붥磬¶޷˽⵽澹Ȼء
תÿһܣ޵ʵһĿԽɱ䡣
ǳľûĻáЩѾģҲǶľڻ۷أͻȻ뵽һ⡣
ȻԽܣѵʱڣڸսľʱ򣬴һʼԡĻǱ󣬽ĳɾҲԽߣԵ꣬㲻ҪģΪһ㡣Ԫֺ˵
˵ͷͨŹԪֺȷʵ
κ
κؽʱ򣬾ѾǶľ۷ˡܿϧҲûбʥеԭ֮һ֮Իȥ֪һ㣬ֻܽƫ棬ǳľʵʹﵽ۷壬ܺ㽫ĳɾͣȻᳬԽκԪֺһּΪ϶˵
ʵ𣿡ʵ
ûСԪֺҡͷ뿪֮ǰûһת޷ͻƵ죬̫Զˡ
м޵ģһ壬ż޴ڣ졣
ܣԶûͻƵϣȻҲһЩţԿԽһϣַţмѧ
˵ͷ淨£˵ʵͻƵ죬淨һ㣬Ҳܴƹ
Щ⡣
ھ˵ڹ֮ڡ
תʵǴļ֮ţܲϵĳԽң߲ΡԪֺ
ôܽܣ룬ؼһ⡣
֪˾תǺεҪβܽУȴö֪ҪĳֹĵرǱģ
֪ķǸ塣
Ǻܿͻ֪ˡԪֺ΢΢һЦ֮ǵˣȫδܵĵޣ֮ĿģṩԴʮڣɵһܡ



1169 ֻһ
߳ԪֺĸۡѾҹʱ֡
ת̡
һڳ
Ӷľʼ޾Ϳʼңתֻ֮أ̤֮㲻࣬Ժ·ˡ
·;ҡҡͷ׿̫ңԶ뷨
Ԫֺ˵һܣǾת׵ġ
֮ǣԼؽĴһת̵ķ
ǣʹ׵һת̣Ҳÿ˶ɣÿʮ꣬ؽ֮ǣ˳һת̵ˣ֮٣󲿷ֶֻʮȻ뿪
ܿǰ˵Щ˲ŬĻٷ֮һͨ˶ûŬĻҲֻʮ֮һϣָľһת̡
ʮ꣬һת̵ʱˣʮ껹겻ɣϾԶûϣˡ
ʷϣʮ䶼겻һת̣ȴͻ𣬽̣ﵽ߳ɾ͵ĵޣȷʵҲУǰꡢǧ궼δܳһ
Խһת̣˵츳ǱԽ󣬽ĳɾҲԽߡ
֮Ķת̣ת̡ѶȻԽԽ
ܿڵھһת̡
Ԫֺڵꡣ
ȻȥܿȻͣڶľڣһת֮ٳ޷һԪֺֹڶת̣ҪתҲв
ڷԪֺΪ츳Ǳǿˣڣǧʢ¾ٰ֮ǰһת̣ҲѶȼ
𣿡кڴ֪Ҫãһת̡

ʱţһʱתۼ
һա
~
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Ӱغѩ˶ס߳
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վ۵ĴͷϾǲм·һ¥ȻǱĺۼһס¥еĶľվһԣԼãȻ
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պѩһͨˣظҲ˷ֳ˸¡
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ӵĿ죬¶ԷĹҲҪˡ
üͷ壬ϵļˣλܷһ£Ϊʲôƽ׹ǣҪ֪֮ǽֹ˽ģûһĽͣһԪֺ˻㱨¡
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жйУڽ֮ǣûʵʲô϶УǰЦˣĪˣ޼ɵѹûǷ
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1170 ʼ
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мӣɫѿһͳȥȻûնֺ˵ƣʹºǸеļ²ѡ
㣬㡭žţĿ׺ޱȣ·Ҫ̻ˡ
Ҫֲ֣ҡ
һǸо˱˴˼ľ޴࣬ʹҲǷĶ֡
ڰˣڷǰȻǲһ
ôĵӣǽ֮ǣֹ˽ΥĪɡһ䣬ȵ
λˣҲֻһ¶ѡͻȻҲϣ
˶ʱһ͡
Ҫ˵ҲǴǰЧǰˣҪ˵Ļһ
ңͬǡôǻۣû˵ˣǱһЩ
Ƿ
ĻҲ׹ͻȻֹǵģҪҵķ
ݺݵĵ˷ۣƺҪμ
ߡûټȥ
һߣʱ˿ҲǶ㣬ƽ׾Ҫܴ˵裬ᵽûʵڵؽ磬ʲô϶С
ҷģڽУһƴȫ˶Ŀ࿴ݺݵ
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һ죬һ֪С˵ĴۡѩҲǱӵ֮һ
ô£Ǹûǣƽ޹ʵҫһ޷ŭ
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ôһ˵˶Ӧ׹ףǵĴȴûκΰ
ȥɡ

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˸е𾪵ǣЩ棬󲿷ֶǶľޣֻмһǽ쾳ڽ쾳£һûС
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ˡ֪ܿĸð˳
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С˼ܿܿȥ
΢˿
Ǹ߸ϵĴҪ鷳ĻǵУǻ׶༪٣ȻûǾͷĶˡ
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һӴ۳ڽǰ˵Ŀ⡣
ڽ֮ڣ󲿷˶ۡȽͨߣֻеλ֮ˣһʸ
ǰˣҲΪʹóСҫûɹһۡ
ԪֺĵλȻڽ֮ڳۣǣȴòϣʱǳܿĳݣȻ޷ʻ֮ǡ
Ѱ˼䣬һߴӰǰɫ̫ҫţâĿ
ˣǴ˴εĴӵĸˡ
ۡת֮ڡ
˲ҵһԾۣȻڵؽѣԾһ߶Ȼûġ
΢ʱƮۡ
Ķˮһ㶼ôǱʱ˲𾪵Ŀ⣬еʶ˶ϳǷС
ڵؽУʹǼΪݵĻ裬Ҫϡ
Ƶĵ棬ܷеˣҲǲࡣ
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۵ʱ̸оһĿ˹Ǹ
ŷ΢΢ͷǸ漴ջĿ⡣
˲˶ͶĽʼɵҪ֪ۣÿһ۵ġ
ЦЦߵ˰غԣ
ڵĿռǳ˶Ǵ´࣬ȵȫ˶΢΢һ𣬿ʼʻ
뿪˽֮ǷΧ۵ٶԽԽ죬ľҲǱģ
ϣһʼǳİԵʮ־ģָôǺһĵ
غȱȽϻԾ֮ˣ̷Լĳ˽̸ȡϢ
ˣĵص㡣غԶһ˷ܡ

˵˵
˷׷״ߴ٣Ҳ˹
غȻһЦҲûһоԨĵط˵ģµľ֮صĻ
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õ澭һԺ֮أͻ°빦
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Сбԣü
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1171 Ԩ
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ŴԿ档
ֻڵλãһռŵ֮УΧյģֻǰһ޴ƽ̨ب
ԨҡҡͷﲻǾԨĿܣһصתվƽ̨ϴһʮа˾ţͨľԨ
ۡ
վڵ쳹֮ڣʱ˰
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âһ
ƽ̨Ƶʧĸɸɾ
ţǡ
ռ䴫ͽ˺ܿ췢֣һϵĳеС
üͷܸоĻǳ⣬·жǿҵϢȻУȴûиоʲôʡ
ǿͷһ޾
æ̧ͷبϿյģǷ·بžʹŵĺڰףԶ
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ֻһ۵ߣӳ˳ӭˣܺţ·һ㡣
պ겻ֵǰˡ߿򸱳
պǸķţҲһλ켶ǿߡ
ں㻹ӡԷ˸к
ҲʶҲǵһˡ
ںھԨǿߣѾʮ֮á
ÿһףδˣʲôںЦ
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ںЦŵ˵ͷˡ
λǳԨ֪а֮ǰǲҪ뿪Ԩ֮ǡ
ԨģľĵĻȻԶȲϾģҲʮֵΣգŵĻǿ
˵ţںָһһؿ֦˳ĺڰ֮С
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Ȼ䷢˱仯ҶƸáƤĸɿݣִ
תۼ䣬ͽʣ˹ͺͺ⻹ûֹͣ˥ţ̼ͳ׵Ŀɳʧںڰ֮С
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Ǹıʱ䡣Ŀ΢ܸоΧʱպޱ仯
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һȺн𣬲˶ɫףʣԼĺڰ֮Уֵܷסֱ仯᲻ҲڼʱڣΪһƬɻң
Ҫںٶ˵ʲôǰľ˱仯û˻״Ԩ
λˣ֮أȻ˵Ŀ£һľ̲סʵǿҵĺɫ
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⻰һǵ޶ʱԶԣҪôףҲ󲿷˶겻ˡ
ȻǾԷģȥа취ӦԾĵĶӻں
ˣϤһԨ֮ǵĻѡԼסʲô⣬Щʡ
һ˵нɢϤԨ֮ǵĻ



1172 ˭в
쾳ĵޣ
˽ɢ󣬸ȴȺеĽ쾳޾ۼһ
ԨģǾĵĻתҲǴӶľʼ쾳˵Ǻ塣
ʵҲʲô⡣
֮ǵĽ쾳ޣ޲ǽ쾳۷壬ľҲֻһ֮ңֻһţԵؽҪ̵ʱͻƵľȻʲô¡
쾳޼к󣬸ʱǣʱ뿪˴˵أ׼졣
һУͷûʲôϵ뿪Ԩ֮й
Ԩ֮ǣ֪ڶˣǾԨһ̾ͱдĿзݣˡ
һ䷿ƿ˽ȥ
ݲĲҲʮּªԶԶƲʣȻں󣬷ɫȴ΢΢˱䡣
ӿţţÿһζڻȸԾ
Чҡ뵽˽еңרĵطԵż棬Զʤڵؽһĵط
ڵĻ÷뵽ңֻһֱ棬ܸоЧҪһЩ
ķҲˣ˵вͬ
ɫһ˳ǰһξƿһ䷿ݵĴš
ڶ䷿ڵĻ͵һһģһȻӿҪǿһ˿
š
䣬ļ䡭
ûһ᷽͵ó˽ۣԨ֮ǵķݶҵЧֻклԽӽĵķݣЧԽá
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󣬷ûԥֱ˳룬Ҫѡѡõġ
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˼
ֹĺȻǳԺں֣֮УûҲûֹ޵սɴ˿̶ֳ֪ȵĳͻսԨ֮Ǳģǵ֮뿪Ϊܣʧȥ˼ʸ
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ʲô츳ʲôǱͳͳãסһηݵģΨʵ
΢ǰȥ
ʤĵޣһֱŵĿŷΨҲֱ뿪ʧųһǾĴˡ
ƵĳͻսԨ֮ÿһζš
ʤҲܡ
Χĳͻ٣ķû˿ϣڶ࣬òͻƵģڵڶΣеʵˣĿⶢ
ϵһ֮ʱֻۼŲˣжռˣȴһ˶ûС
Щ͵õϢˣ֪飬Χ˷һЩʱ䣬ʱѾܳˡ
Ŀȥ߼䷿Ѿ䱻ռˣˣһȥսĶûУɼסˣȻʵΪǿ󣬲סˡ
һЦ
Щ˵˼Ҳµó
ûаѹȺۣǾͽԸǸͷ񣬿ûб˿ռǵʵҪڵڶκ͵Ǻ׵ġ
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ȻܶݷУʵп졣
̾ͱ˳
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һǳ˵Ԥϡ
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⻰һ˶ǻȻ
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Ҳȥʲô֣ʤ޹أ⹤򣬲һʵķݡ
ߵһ䷿ǰתĿɨˡ
䷿Ҫˣ˭



1173 
ǣ˭
Ŀƽˡ
Դ󡣡һЦȺһɫĳֿˣ˳
½֮˾½֮ˣϲ̨档Ц
һСսûУһԴԱ΢½֮ռõĵطĿŷһ˿ЦҵǺܺ棬𣿡
ǷЦˣȫԵؽ֮⣬ڵؽ˵ľŸ磬Ĵ͸½Ƶģһȣⳤ꣬ȻҲǱô￴֮ˣԽС
ǳԪ쿣ǿߣͬڵؽݷУⷽȥ
кϷˣⳣԪ쿣˵һеȼ壬ȻϳֹΪǿߣǿѪʵͬСɣһУŽǰʮ
Ͼͱ˳
ΧŵȺУⳣԪҲڶվսҲûʱ
˷׷˷ǿȻһƾеս
˵˭ǿ󣬳Ԫ쿻Ƿ
Цʲô۵ģһ½֮ˣܱȵϴи߹ѪĳԪ쿣ҿڳԪǰ߲ʮС
ʮУҿǸ߿У½ǵؽ磬޷Խĺ蹵ⷽΪԴ󸶳ۡ
û˿÷˳мΪڳԪǰһ
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˵ռ˵һηݵˣʹǵڶΡεУǿƵҲǴڣֻҪʼܣܿܰ˦ں棬ϡ
˵ⷽҲʱǿˣʵǿ֮ˣʮ֮δŵĽǰʮȰ֮󣬻ȻˣעĬĬСûбҪ̫
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ܲɣ˵ǲȷģ
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ѪһЦ
ǲɣӣǹֿѪãȻһǿѪȷʵƣҲҪ˶ٴٻԻѪ˲ĻҲǲֵһᡣ
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ңʹһתҲδؾǿȥܿʵԶ緽
ܣǴļޣиĳɳռ䣬ܴܲﵽޣǳԽޣˡ
ҡҡͷעڣܿ¶ϲɫλڵһεķݣЧ֮ԶʤȥңȻȥңҲǽ֮õģˣ䷿Ҳ÷еʮ⣬УԸоÿʱÿ̶ڻš
ָо˳

ʱ䵽
ںԨ֮ϿգӦʱûҵⷿӵˣֻΧѰһ䣬ȥˣΥ
֪ǵУкܶ˸еΪԼӦס߲εķ֮Сں쳹ȫǣ仰˶ͷ˵ǵĿ
ǺǡںЦһڵסǹ̶ģ󣬽ѡסʱͲѡ񣬶ǿеı֣˭ֵĸɫھԨ߳Զ룬סõķӡ
ԣĻڽУŬ֤Լɡ
⻰һ˵۾ʱʧ֮ˣĦȭƣҪгɫ֣һѩǰܡ
Ŭɣգҽ֮ں΢Цڴгɫ֡



1174 ֮
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ǣ뽫ԻȴĺԶ
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ھԨУ￵ԻٶȣܳƵǰС
̳еѪǳˡЩɫ￵ں̾
ԣ￵̧̧°ͣЩشˣҵϣһλǿߡ
ǿߣǾǾ켶ǿˣʵԶԶں
Ȼ￵һѪ϶ǳϡˣҵҲ䣬￵ҲˣȻʮֵľˡ
ں΢ЦܺãĿǰԣеĵһˡ
￵ǫѷĿƳ۷ס
ʵΪеĵһˣίʵ￵еʵ֤ԼΪɫҲ泩
ʮ𣿡վԼķڣƽ
ٶȣҪ̫̫ˡ
ûʲô֮ɫҲΪѪǿڸˡ
ʮĳԣȻȫʧܣҲ÷֮ԼԽͶӰԻǱԭ򣬶̫ǿ̫ȶ
˵￵ǵͶӰһֽһ֮ܽƶĻǷͶӰɾһصǦ򣬺ʵޱȣ΢紵޷֮
һĻҪԻѶȣɻԶˣʱԶԶ
⣬;ˣڽ֮꣬ɼһĻҲСȻȥô
ʲôزʲôزʲôɼʲôɼ⡣
ԡ
һصԭȫ⣬ٴԻͶӰ
ʧܡ
ʧܡ
ʧܡ

εʧУȴʼ׷׳ɹ
￵֮סڵһε˷׷׳أںչԻĳɹ
Ȼסȴǳٳûж



1175 ԭα¶
ںˣ뿴
Ԫ΢΢ǷֻӴͶӰһһңںںǰ
ںƽ˵ͷ
û￵ԻͶӰʱôԳԪ쿣ֵĺ񵭣ȻڳԪ쿶Уȴ˷ܲѣи𽾰֮ɫ
봫֮Ѿȥʮ졣
ԪǵڶʮɹԻͶӰˣɼںںȻǲֵһᣬͼ̫ࡣ
ǶԳԪ˵ȴһ
˷ܵǣɹԻͶӰ֮ǰǱܵķȻԼסһ㶯ûС
½֮˾½֮ˣ΢ޱȣܺĸ߹ѪȡԪЦϱʹĵطƺҲ˲١
ںˣԨ֮ǵķݶ߾֮ЩռõλãȴԶԶƥ䲻ϡ
ס졣ںĿһ䣺£Ҫ̣
ҲҡԪ쿻æͷȥȻȴ¶һ˿Ц
ںɫЩѿ
Ȼ֪Ԫ˵˭ЩԥƳ۷סҲû뵽ԻͶӰȻ֮յ˵ȻûдǿѪһ磬ʵ˵츳ǱӦôöûԻ硣
ǣʵȴǰ
ߡ
һںΪһƬʧ
ȺںһߣԪ쿶ʱֱϾǿ⣬֪ôһںԷȻӵĲҲǴﵽĿġ
ϲ֡
ڶʮԻ磬е츳ŽǰʮĳЩˡ
һȺ˶ʱӭԪ쿹أͬʱҲһ·
ԪֵЦݣͷ

ʮܽͶӰԻ˿ʼ࣬ÿʱÿ̶ɳء
һʼʱ򣬳Ԫ쿵˻һ·ģҲ۷ˣǿôʱ䶼ûԻ磬δעʲôɾͣһת겻ɣûʲô̸۵ġ
ʮѩҲ׷׳ء
ʮ󣬰غҲͶӰԻ
ʲôûԻ磿֪һϢ󣬰غޱȣֲòʵ
ǲɵΪ
ʹڳأҲҪ䵽ȥˣһھԨ߳Զ°°סᱻӵһεķиϳ
ĽԷǼĴ衣
Ҳֻܸżȫﲻæ
һº
ںټгɹԻͶӰˣʼ˾ԨĻ£˿ĿİľھԨ̽
С
տʼʱ򣬺ںԷٳٲЩҲľˣȫ˷￵ĳɫ֣̾ѡ
ȻûнĵһȻѾΪ￵Īˡ
һµʱ䣬˶ɹԻ硣
һºųɹˣںһ㶼ע˵һԻˣôһϣһתĻôһºųɹˣǾϣˡ
º󣬸˹֪һϢҲһ
տʼǲţҪȥȻѾչأǺںǿпֻ߷أܿ
ϧϧˡҡͷЩź
Ͽɵ֮һû뵽еĳɼ֮
Ϊʲô츳Ǳ֮ʵȴϵǿʵҲǲܣϾĳЩ淨ĻҲܽʵķǳڵ޵ĵ·ҪߵĸԶȴȻǲܡ
ϧ֮󣬸Ҳٹע
Ͼעһתˣ޷ܣⱲӵʵҲ;ˣ޷ٽһȻ޷ӡ
ߺߣԭα¶˰ɣ΢½֮ˡԪЦ
ǳԪ쿣˶Ϊԭα¶ˣڵ޵츳Ǳϣֵһᡣ
ԭΪǿʱģʮ󣬾δŵĽǰʮû뵽һ̫߹ɣҡҡͷоԼۡ
ԳԪΪףһЩ޾ۼҪóһεķݣǣûʸ
ȴںܾ
ǹηôҪݣȵ֮
ʱţԽԽ˳ɹԻ磬ЩոսľĵޣҲһɹԻͶӰλǿߵĻ£ʼԨ
￵Ԫ쿵ˣҲȫԼĳɳϣϾĳɼغǵδ
ûˣһεǼ䷿һۡ




1176 꿼
Ԩ֮ǡ
޾ĺڰ鲼ܣ֡
պںλǿ֮У·Ⱥ
֪Ѿȥ˰ꡣ֮ǵĸպЩпʱЩСһ˲Сĳɳ
ȷʵпɡں΢΢ͷ
պԨĴ࣬ںȴͬڴˣԨˣҲպڵ֮ǣеؽĽ֮ǡ
Ϳ̫ţʽߣ۹ҲǷǳĸߣһɼ벻ķۣпˡ
úں۹ߵĳɼҲһˮƽûʲô֮˺üž޵￵ۡ
ʱˣ׼ʼ꿼˰ɡں
áպͷͬ⡣
һοˣһڰһʽʱҪеģǰ꿼ˡ
ο˽󣬽ݽ°Ԩ֮ǵס
ס°ţҪǣ˵츳ǱҲֳһ
պʼټȺ
꿼ˣҲÿһ˶ʸμӵģΪ˵ĵص㣬ҪԨԾһΣԣֻгɹԻͶӰˣʸпˡ
Щ߱ʸˣֱ۴꿼˽ǵģֻԨ֮Χķݡ
ʱȥûԻͶӰˣҲΪ٣עףûĻʮȻ뿪ǵĽ

ڡ
ˡ
һϲõĵͺȻ
͵۾Ӵ绺ֳһֳɫһֳɫ
麣ͻͶӰ
ͶӰЩʣȥҲôȶվǳɹԻ˳
ͶӰתţʱţǱϵĹҲ𽥵ȥƽƽ棬ڲء

һɢȥ˱ͶӰվ
Ի磬Ȼ˵ļѣҲԤϣĽȣʹڣҲɹԻͶӰҵţ֣ԼڵʹâȶͶӰһá
֣ⷽڴʱɹԻͶӰ
֪ȥ˶ã૵ƿ˳ȥ
һһֱûд򿪹ķͻȻʱ˸һЩ˵ע⡣
Сӣڳˡ
ѾȥˣҲ֪ûгɹԻͶӰʹɹˣٶҲǲֵһᡣ
ΧͶһЩ޵Ŀ⣬泰ȴû˸ô
ȷʵвٵĳɳǾ뷽ǷǳңԶʹֹǰܱȵģ԰ģδˣڡ
üͷһ塣
ͻȻ
гɹԻͶӰˣϣ׼а꿼ˡպȻ𣬴ȫǡ
һ̣Ԩ֮Ƕʱɧ
꿼ˣڵȵһˡ
һѩǰܵĻᵽˣһҪõķݡ
պ˷׷״ӷ߳ȻЩûгɹԻͶӰˣȻؽŴεİ꿼ˣ޹ء
꿼ˣû뵽ȥôá˫üһ
ڳɹԻͶӰǾ߱˲μӿ˵ʸ񣬷Ҳ֪ǧԻͶӰȣʲô֮ͬ
뵽һż첽ȥ
Ⱥ˷۶ʸμӰ꿼˵ˣ֮ࡣ
ϣ˭һⲻǵĴеǿߣʲôʱˣ
˵ˣǳԪ쿣ż£ס˷ȥ·о
Ԫ쿸ķᶯ֣ǰһ᷿ݣĬϵܻսǰ꿼ˣ滹λǿߣŷҶ֡
Ƴһۣʹˡ
㡭Ԫ쿲Ȼŭָŷŭ˼㡣
Ļҿ˰̣óԪ뵽˱ڴһĻĪĳ裬ڻƺʹ
ԪƷҪЦû뵽һ仰Լŭɶ
ããҵҪⳡ꿼֮㻹ʲôڵһεʶĻȥñ˸ߣ澡ʧԪŭ
°ܽҲʸ˵
ԪŭѾЩҷ鷳ˣΣǷ°ܽ٣Ǳڳܴ裬ƫƫڵʵϷҪһسҲ
ơоΧ˿ϷĿ⣬Ԫûٴȥһݻתͷߡ
߷ĳͻҲûӹλǿߵĶĿ
Ȼ΢΢һ㶣žͲˣʱǿԻͶӰ츳Ǳעûδ



1177
Ԫ쿵һߣΧۼûʲô֣Ҳ֮ɢȥ


˹ѭȥʱغ˴ӲԶ첽
ڼ˷أҲ΢İҪ꿼˶ûʸμӵĻ治֪θ롣
һῼ˵ʱҪԨһɡ
ԣһ𣬻ҲиӦ
غ˷׷׵ڷôűչس飬ȴһֲᣬȻչ˷뷨Ͼ˭űɷﶼܡ
˴˶νġ½֮ˡȻױһţǺͷ֮䣬ûʲôͻҷǻж飬û˻ʱչ¶Լǳ
ЦЦװغ˵˼
һߣиӦǺ˵ʵϣǵķһνԨûʲô飬һСĻ᷸ʲôĴǾ͵òʧˡ
Ҳáǵĺ⣬ûоܾ

ۼ˵Ĳˣպͺںɵǰ
а꿼ˡպϵĿɨˣӺ͸ˡ
˵ݺܼ򵥣Ԩܣﵽĵط
ЩǶԾԨҲһ˽⣬֪Ŀ϶Ǻܶ࣬ҾרŸǽһ£Ԩÿһ̺壬Ҳһա
ԣ˶ʱȫע׼պĽ⡣
ԨֳɾأԨ֮ǽλھԨĵһأԽ£֮Խֲұ仯ҲԽӣΣռ󡣡պɫ˵
ÿһԨǧԨǾǧ֮λλá
ܴﵽһԨӦĳɾܵļҲͻж١
һغ͵ڶԨ׵ģǰǽܵһԨʹֹҿ˵ܵĿԣΪ㣬ǽĻԵʲôɾ͡
պ˵ţʱĿ˷һۣȻҲǵһԨ
ǵغ͵ԨܵôܵĿԣһЩǼҲǳСõĻڽ֮ǵĵھ꣬ʮܡ
غ͵Ԩܵ˵ǵ츳ѾܲˣܵĿԺܴ󣬲⣬ڵ֮Ǻĵ
ڵԨܵˣڵؽͳƵţߣ֪ǴСͱڸ֮Ƕؽ˵νŸǸЦǷﻹࡣ
պ˵˶ɫףǰغˣͷҲ̧ĸо
ܵԨڽ֮ǵĵ꣬ܡ
ˣûʲôĻͿʼ˰ɡ
պ
ˣǵڰغ͵ھԨأһͻȻ
ţպüͷһ壬˵ˡ
ֻ￵ƽվüŰɫΧճһȦȺ
ڰأھأǺǡ˵￵պеĲͣţٻǻһЩݵġ
һʱ½ڰغ͵ھأǾǵؽĳš˵ˣǺں
Ԩ꣬˵ĻպȨ
ĳţʮ궼δܳһԨУһ֮
˶ǵһȻ֮١
΢΢ͷ
⵱ȻָؽܵڰھԨˣֻô㣬ţһЩ˳ǿѪţԼСĴ˵ȵȣǶɴһԨ
ֻǸڽ֮ǵġ
֮ǵģ磬ֻԽ֮Ϊ֮ףһЩǿˡ
￵츳ȷʵǳˡں￵˵㹻ŬĻôȵôһܣ½Ԩڵڰغ͵ھԨûʲôϣ
⻰٣ؽ洫˱￵ǿѪĵޣҲΪ١
ǡ￵ͷȥȻȴʮֵĲʣں˼ԨֻһܵۣԽܡ
ǣպʱ꿼ʽʼ
һ£˶ʱӿԨ֮ǱԵ׼Ԩ
УҪǿװںһ侲
ԨҲǼΣյģڼĵطλǿҲǾԮ
ϾǾģǾ̫ԩˡ
Ҳ߰ɡ
һ첽Уò˶ã͵Ԩ֮ǵıԵ̧ͷȥ޾ĺڰʱ۽硣



1178 
Ԩ֮ǱԵѾвԾ˾Ԩ֮У޾ڰɣϸںڰг·һſ˸ķǡ
ȥغѩˣȷһԾ˾Ԩ
һҲûԥһԨ֮ǣ˺ڰ֮С
Ԩһ̸̣оΧ˿񱩸ӵԼӿ˹жʱ˾ף֪ЩڣһЩõ鷢
̫ٻӷͬڰе̫һӿ⡣
ԨͶӰ˳Ϊ޺ѱͬģҲǿ֮ų⣬ȻһĻˡ
ҲܴĵطǺ壬˵岢ڴˡ
ǵһνԨȻд
ϸĹ۲Ԩ֣Ԩ棬ֻкڰ˿һںڰ·һ㰵ܲǺӻƣҪ³ȥƱصôһǺӰܴ֮ĳ
ǵһνԨҪţǵĶһ
ǾڷԶ
ĿȥֻǱ󣬶չֳӴͶӰ
Щ֮Ǻ̾ͱͶӰߣȻûжھԨУȴһΣնûС
ĶƬ̣ܿỤ̄غҲûо
ʱޣҲܣһֱͬȥ
ǵʱ³ȥʼԼ
ȵΧһˣһͶӰ֣ţ̫ٻ
һʧȥΧ֮ʱŵѪζ˹ȻûȿͶӰͶȻһǿЩ֮ͶӰ֮С
ţ
Щ֮ڽͶӰһ˲䣬̾ɾƵ״ֿ̬γμĺһһ̡
̵ĺ
ڵĺ
⡭¶֮ɫ
ǵúغʾʱ򣬱ǵͶӰյ֮ûô׾ͱֿ˳ҪļɣͶӰѭֻأܰ쵽
Ƿ֮ڽͶӰ˲䣬з˿
˵֮ͶӰֻб֪ţغǲһƭ
Ҳ˵γɵͶӰڷֿ֮ʱҪ
ȻҵͶӰȻγɣһɹ;ܱġ
ףǸ
ԼûЩؽ޵ǿѪߵһһһӡԼƴģǿͶӰκѪУǷŬĽ
~
ĺһеļƽ΢·ȥ
Щ֮ûнڡ
ΪǲǾ֮ģµ޷óȻڵĻȾ壬ԺѶȡ
;УͶӰڵ֮ɢݳȥֿǵΣմȽͣʱ޷ٴγв
һʮ
ٶȺܿ죬һǺӰ֮˲ͱֿɿ񱩵ʨӱ˹˳򣬸ҪĵȴС
ǵؽһСĵӣҲǸСǿţν֮ǣҪһδ
Ȼ֮Ǻ˽⵽ԼǺεȵС֮л̫Уһ㶼ۣԨ֮ǣºԻͶӰʣϿ˵δûжǰ;
粢ûзȻɼдΣȴȻϣ
С½ͶӰӿ֮
ͻȻ
һӰ
磬ԷٶҪࡣ
ţ羫һĿ˹ȥȿԷ˭ʱ۾͵صɴ
ôܡ
𾪵Ŵ죬ֻеһŽô޷⣬˵Уű˷ķھԨ½ٶȣȻԶԼ
ֱǰѸʧϡһ㣬ȻǸԾ̬þûز
ԭǰߣһԽŵķΧھԨѸȥϵ𣬳˺ɫ
ʲô
պͺںҲ쳣
˿ʼ˵עҪ￵ϣЩھԨ³죬Ҳеߣ˦һء
ƺɧԾԨϲ㡣
˵鶼ЩЩ˿̻ߣǿÿһۡ
ȻҲģϾҲá
ȵЩ͵ĿȥҪŪʲôµʱ򡭡˵ͫٿȻ



1179 һ
⣬ôһ£
λǿߵɴ۾ǸھԨп³ӰϾǲ˼֮ɫ
Ƿû
ˡ
˶һۣ̲סĿࡣ
һĻ̫Ԥˡ
Ǳ϶κǰ;ˣȴͻȻ󲻵顣
Уǳ˾ɲ
ϸ˵ھԨ½ٶȣģȻҪˣǱ￵˻Ҫһء
ǣֻҪһ뵽ǵһνԨ˾Ǹеһľ
ûнԨˣһʼ϶еӦͶӰ˳ַ֮ҲȻۣǿ￵ҲӲ̡
ǷŵϣȴͻȻʧȥ塣
ڣ￴ĳһ˿һĲӦۡ
ۿŷ³𽥳ǧ֮Զ˵ڶԨ˲Ŀɿڴ
Ҽǵ￵һνԨҲֻǵڶɡպŵ
ڵĳɼѾƽ￵½ٶ˿˲ţֹڴˡ
⣬⡭Ǻں̫ʱҲǸеһڸ
ǰĳ̫ϣԽܡ
ڶԨ
һյǺӰ˾Ԩĵڶء
һ룬̸о˲ͬ
һԨڶԨӵĿ£ǿҪȵһԨǿϲ٣˼˶Сó֮ܵޡ
֣ڶԨ֮ͶӰȻ˲ͷֿ޺
ٶȣȻûм
ոսڶԨ߽粻ʮĵطѩˣȫעӿ֮һ³ȥ
ʹǣҲҪʮֵľ񣬷׾ͱԨ֮ڡ
ͻȻһȻ
ѩ˶һȥʱڲԶٳȥת۾ͳǣû˸ĵط
ǣ
һʧȫɵ
Ҿ֪ŲʲôţšƬ̺󣬰غ˷ܵ𣬽˾ѹ
ǶǸеĶҡҲ³ˣǽעȫ˷ϣ׷һ㡣
ûˣάͶӰȶһһĵޣѸٳԽ
ⳡ꿼ˣ󲿷ֵ˳ɹޣλһͶԨˣǾҲζţʱķȻǵһνԨͽ˶˦˺档
ò˵һ漣
ڶԨ
һ



ǰغˣλǿߣҲע˷ϣ￵ˣûйȥ˼ˡ
ûǴĻ￵һνԨĽǵڶԨ߰ﴦպͻȻ
ںѵĵ˵ͷ
˵Ĺ򣬷Ѿ³˵ڶԨ˸е˼ǣٶȣȻûκμļ
һ㣬ʹ￵ҲԶԶ緽
ûá
ˡպ˿ĭԱߵĺں۾Щֱ
߰
ڵλãѾ˵ڶԨ߰
￵Խ
УΪĵһţȻŸԽˡЦе
ô
⵽ôһ£
ŷľ˱֣ɼ￵Խ˹ȥ˵ӶЩ·Ūʲô
ȻԤϵЩͬȴûжѿϾҲǲٹעˣûж䳰ȷʵϣܶһţҲ֮ãˣŪǣΪʲô
Եؽ֮⣬ϲʲôǿѪнյĳɾͣȫԼŬĽĸպ
ں΢΢ͷ
ǿѪǲصģͬҪ
ʲô츳ǱľǸѪ
ӵۺˣȻɳѣһһӡʵޱȣҪɾͺѣһɣȻǾޱȡ
Ƚ϶ԣǿѪˣߵ·Ҫ࣬ٵĥ׾ɾͣǵĳɾǷԶȲǰߡ
ѪˣĳɾͣܳԼ棬Ѫߵˣ޼
߸ӣ˵˭˭
ʹĸۺޱȣҲܣϵ֮ԻͶӰں벻ͨ
Ǹۺ񣬻ѪˣԼٶԻͶӰǳʶ
Ǿ޽УûҲ޷⡣
˵İءպйâһͻȻ
˼ǣںüͷһ塣
ǺǣͻȻ뵽һЩȽ˼顣պ΢΢һЦѾ˺˼·
㲻֪ҵ֮ǣ֮ǰΪһЩͻһκᲢۡ
κںһ䣬Ȼ֪
ĵطֻоԨһʮǰκһڱĵطԺںһ֪
κͬԵؽ֮⣬ԨĻԻͶӰٶȣӦñ￵Ҫ죬һھԨ½Ҳպÿ϶˵
Ȼ￵ҲܳɫΪκǿߵĸ֮ǿҪ￵еѪ
κʱʵѾǴﵽļ£ֻûܣûе졣
ԣںҲǳһ￵Ҫӡе棬Ҳǰéġ
Ҳ²⣬ԻͶӰٶȣӦֻ￵һ㣬ڵڶ˵ĳɼǳˣǷκУκĻȴ￵
ǣԷɴԼԻͶӰʵգҪڰ꿼˵ʱһˣӮԼϡ
պЦЦг˵ôɵ飬ոڰ꿼˵ʱǡԻͶӰ
Ϊڲ׾
һͳúںҲͷɻǷǳģҲ
ҪǣֻܺĽͣΪʲôһνԨ½֮￵֮ԻͶӰĻǾ׽ܶˡ
ڣ￵Ҳ
Ͼа׼Ȼûʵʾ飬׼ɸӳ㣬ң츳￵
ԻͶӰ͸˵츳йأǾԣԻͶӰ￵һ㣬δؾ϶츳￵ˡ
һͣͷɻҲǻȻʡ
Ŀ⣬Ȼǳͺ𾪡
ȥ׼ڵı֣ҲǾޱȣңڳ￵һεĳɼ󣬲ûֹͣ
Ϊ𾪵ġ
յķעǲѣһˣҪĿɿڴ



1180 ¼¼
˰
Ű

죬һǧȻ˵Ԩ
պͺںһۣܿ˴еĺɫ
ɼѾԶ￵ˡ
ȻǶ׼˰꣬ǡں֪˵Ǻá
ʷϣһνԨˣպͻȻʵ
˼ǡںһܿع˴𰸣Ԩİʮһ¼ģǵؽһλ콾֮߾ЩްĴ˶ڽ¡䣬ĳɾͣҲǾǿߡ
˶һĶҡ
졣
Ĵڡ
ͷѵ˵ܱλ콾
պͺںϢ֪䣬Ĵһ۲գĽŷ￵֮ͱԺ
Ԩﴦ
ӿ֮ޱȣںڰкֱײһԴԴĳ
Ԫƣͣ
ҵļˡȻƣǳԪϣȴڵĽ
Ԩɼɫǣڽǰ꿼ˣԪȫţٹ꣬ȵտ֮ʱԼȫܳ嵽ԨԶҲôһϣ
Ҫ֪εİ꿼УߣǾڵһԨܽԨˣ޼ڳԪǰģֻнʮ˰ˣĳɼ԰
Ǹ½ķҲҸұȣڵڵһԨٹ꣬ҲԽ˵ԨԪ쿲ЦźâСſ񣬲ɾޣ޷ܣ볬ʱˣʱҪÿ
ڳ֮ޣܴ裬Ԫ쿴δǣ޷ǣǷ̫ǿҲֻѹеĺ⣬ȴԺ󸴳
ţ
кӿţԪͻȻһоΧİЩ춯ƺȥ
ˣܿ˹Ŀȥ
Ȼһ֮£Ԫ쿶ʱĵɥ
ôܣܡ
ŵĿϷٳ䣬һӿȻڽӽʱȫʧ
óԪ޷ܵǣûжͣת۾ͳڵλã˦˺桭

ʵԪ쿸ܽܣļȻ֮£ԻͶӰȻ䱬鿪ʧӰ٣Χӿİ̷ӿ˳Ԫڡ
~
Ĳҽ˲䷢˺˵ı仯ңȻޱȣֲϲ
~
ʱһǿȻס˳Ԫ쿣Ǻں֣ңңס˳Ԫ쿣Ͼǰʮ˵
ϧˡԨ֮ǣںЩϧҡҡͷ
ȻԪû֮ǣǿޱȵ֮壬ѪȴһĴݲУԪΪѪһ٣Ҳˣ١
İˡպȴûйעԪ쿣ŷƼ¼Ĺؼʱ̣Ȥȥˡ
Ԫֽɫÿһֲ٣⡣
һԵĺںҲĽ
룬Ѿǽӽλ콾
Ȼ֪Լڴµļ¼Ȼȶ³š
ˡͻȻպϲޱȵĺ˷ܡ
ںҲ¶ϲɫ
µļ¼ˡ
İʮİʮ
λǿ߶ڴޱȵĿŷ¼¼ڱϵˢ¡
ڡ
ڷ³ٶʮʱԻͶӰȻһζ漴顣
һĻ׼ĺںû˿ԥ˲֣һɰԨ֮Ǻ£ᴩԨڡ
ֶΣҲֻкںʹպʵȴҲĪ
Ԩ֮Ǻ;ԨĳϵںڴˣȻ顣
Ԩ
΢΢ҡͷͶӰ鿪ǳܲס֮ĳǲȶ
ϾϳɹǴΣҲڶνͶӰԻ
ȶϣв㡣
ͶӰһʧȻ֮̽ԻۼΧ֮֮ԥ̫ٻ׼֮ų⡣
ȻǵԨǷţԼʵ֧ŵ
ĺںԮ̵跽֡
һҲ÷Щ֡
û뵽λǿߵľԮٶȣȻ֮죬ǵһνԨ֮ǰڱչأûи˽Ȼ֪Լ䣬ȴ˾Ԩļ¼



1181 
˽
ӵԨصԨ֮ǵʱ֣غڣĿǿŹһ
ţ
Щ죬֪ԼһνԨ½˵Ԩ϶Ǻܾ˵ĳɼǾ循˵˺̶ֳȣҲûһ׼ȷĸ
˵ޱȸӡ
֪Ӵ˿𣬶ԷӡȫҪƵˣĿǰһתûκѹʶ߲ε
˶ҲѣûôǷҲɫΪ֮ǰ﷽Ī
Ԫ쿹վһ䣬ңΧһ˶ûУǰˣȫʧ·Ƶġ
иǳ˴ܸС
һνԨɼͳŬȻΪѪڷǰǲֵһᡣ
ţš
պͺںȻڷǵǿ֮С
¼¼ںպУǿҵ԰ģٹ⣬ҲѲ˹ϵ
ںصͷ
ȻǿǶ׼˰꣬ǣûĽԨһ׼̸ֻֽЧȻҪû׼ƣȴ
¼¼ӦôһЩۿۣɼˣȻǲλǰ¼콾
;ĻĳɾͲ˵Ĺʶ£δΪķǿߣҲǲܡ
Ԩ֮ǱԵӰ
һһ˳֣ΰ꿼УǰļˣΪ׵￵
Űɫ
һοˣ˵Ԩ֮ԶԶˣǵ֮ĵһˡ
ˣ￵ΪԼصԨ֮ǺӭԼģȻĽĿ⣬Լλǿߵ͡
ĻصԨ֮Ǻȴ֣ʵԼģһ롣
ûȷʵвͶĿ⣬Ͼ￵ӵĴڣ￵ȴĸоǵ۹Уƺ˵ʲôҪǣλǿߣǶԼ϶ĵ˵ͷȴʮƽ
ʲô£￵ЩʲôҲܿҵԭ

Եؽ֮ˣճȡһԼĹâԼרǰ
һνԨʹ˵Ԩٶĵط
˽⵽һʵ￵ͷȷĸԶȻ淢顣
Ȼ֪ⴴ˾Ԩ¼¼￵ȴ֪ԼһνԨĳɼԶԶ緽
Ҳû䣬²ŽԨ׼ҳ̫ˣҲϵڽԨĻһ￵ûоʹʧȥġ
ΪеĵһˣҲһֱԴԾӣȻ䡣
ңȷʵǳ˰꣬ȵһνԨĳɼȷʵ磬Ǳ꿼˵ĳɼȻԶԶʤ
ȵտ˵ʱһ֪˭ĵһƳ۷￵ָƽ
˶ӾԨ꿼ʽ
꿼˽ں֮ǰ˵Ԩ֮ǵķݣν·䡣
סһηݵǣ￵
һ֣ں˳תֳ֣ȫڰ꿼Уɫ嵽ǰˡ

߸ִӺںݳϵ֮С
տ˵ĳɼŵʮһǷȴǵһνԨ⿼˵ı׼ͺ˲ͬ
û飬ʹߵĵޣ죬Ҳѡ˱졣
ڶεķݣδؾͱȵһεķݣ֮𣬸ĻǵλϵĲࡣ
˽⵽ĳɼҲûģԼܳԷҷڵʵԶ
סڶεķݵǡ
סΡ
ĲΡ
һ֣ںϣҲǰεķݣԷμӿ˵ˣ꿼˶ûʸμӵˣͳͳŵ˵֮
󣬺ںһʱʧպȻԶЦеĿˡ
֮Ԩ֮ǵ£һ֮Ƕΰ꿼УߵĽպ΢Ц
⻰һʱ˵ɧ
֮ǵĽ
˵ʵݷĽ˵ʵʵĺô󣬱ϾЧٺҲȲϸ߲磬Ԩֻ֮ͣһ꣬ûʲô壬Ҫһҫ
ڣպȴͻȻ˵֮ǻнȴǸһǿļ
˶֪
֮ǣֻóĽأ


1182 ֮
˺ڴĿ⣬պ⡣
ֻЩעֻмˣܵõ󲿷˶ʧȻǾ
պϵĿ⣬ɨˡ
ΰ꿼ˣǵڼνԨǶ֮Ӧöһеᣬ֪ͶӰȶǺεȵҪպ
⻰һ˶ʱ׷׵ͷ
ǵͶӰȻֻ֮ףֻҪͶӰ㹻ȶһѭվܽ𽥷ֿģ̫֮񱩣ǵĳ£ͶӰѸٱ޷㡣
Ҳǵ˵ͷ
һֱԨͶӰֻ֮򵥣Ҳ̫ȶ޷־á
ÿޣڳɳĵ·ϣյ֮ȼͬγɵͶӰҲи֮֡
ʲôܣ
ǣνԨľĸоȴһСѴ󴸣Ȼζ˵Լȴǳַɳƿء
ԭĻҲö֪иǱûھ
տˣʣ°ֻ꣬Ƕĥ䷨Ļ˵ˣʹʮ꣬Ҳ̫Ľ˽Ҵ֮ǣһ淨ǡպ
⻰٣￵˶ǰͷ
ǽͶӰԻͳ£ͶӰȶԵƿ͵һޣ׺ͻơ
Ҫڸǵ淨Ϊ֮רѹͶӰȶԵġպˣҿԱ֤һ֮ǵͶӰȶ̶ȣõ
պĻ˶𾪣в˶˵һ淨
Ȼ˵ˣǵһģȫڴǰߣҲ˵ˣû·ѧһ淨
֮૵йâһ
һ淨
ͬʱ淨淨Ǵδ
ս淨벻ۣǿҲԶԶ淨֮淨רġ
淨Чһս淨ʶֱ֮
ˣ봫֮
˴ڡ
˵飬պ¶֮ɫ
ֻΰ꿼бߣܵõ淨պظһ顣
ŻһԵˡ
￵֮ܺûˣպһ֣ȫڰ꿼б֮ˡ
ٶʮ˳УˣҲҪ̫ʧտУҲ֣ͬܵһ淨ʹԺص֮ǣҲлᡣպ
ˣɢɣֵ
˲ĵȥ
Ȼеõ֮ĻᣬȫԽܵĿԾԽͣͱߵĲ࣬ҲʱѸֱ֮
Ҳû취£˭б˱ֵĸΪɫء
Χˡ
ٶʮˣڲμӰ꿼˵Уռ˰ٷ֮һ
ܿ˵ٶʮ֮ˣҪܾͺˣȻھʱȻʮã
ĿȥѩꡭԪֺĽˣټһֻˣõ˴֮ĻᣬˣҲظбΪ֮ˡ
غˣȫȻĵĲʣȴҲް취
ˣҲЦˣڡ
ͬһģö룬˺ܿһ
ΣǽˡѩҲһ¡
ǵΣȫ֮⣬һҪɽǿ˽Ǵҡ
˶ĽĿŷ
ǵļѹأ̫ˡ
֮ˣ󲿷ֶǵؽ֮ˣϾѪռݵƲС
ֵһǣԪ쿵İ꿼˳ɼȻڶʮڣպʱȴû֡
񱩵֮ڣԪ쿵Ѫˣʴպʧȥ˵֮ʸ
ΣȻ˽;ʧܣУҲֻзмİܣȻҪ˿һܷɹҲҪԼŬ֣ء
һҪɹѩĽξȻһɽ˴Ҳġ
ҲŬġƺѩȾˣȭҲ
΢΢һЦ˾棬Ҳּɡ
պû̴֮Ǵˣһ·˲ηķݣԨ֮ǵġ



1183 ʯ
Ԩ֮ǵģǺںպסܿ
ʹǵһõķݣҲǿԨ֮ǵģǾ
Σл˵ء
˶Ļ棬պĴ½һľĸۡǰʧĺں
ˡںкһ
պ˵ͷͷ˵ȴ֮
˵ָ꣬һ㣬ٶʮߵâɳԷһλޣĴڷʽϰߣҲûоܾâڡ
ִڷʽֱ۲ġ
ԽǿĹ֮ԽڿڵĻʧȥ洫
Щâ涼һԼǵõ޷˽Դڳȥֻ֮ͬ󣬲ܵõݡ
֮ǰ֮ڵ֮Լõ淨ȫˡ
ᴫȻҲбй©ֶΡ
Բ쿴˷ֻв˽Դ⣬ûݣʱͬˣԺ϶䣬֮ݣҲһ˽⡣
ҪѹͶӰһȻͶӰγɣѹ֮ʵ
֮ؼѹ֮
еĶѹͶӰģϾͶӰĴڱͺ⡣
ͨ۷ͽ쾳۷󣬵޵ڶγһ߲ͶӰǱͽһͶӰúʵ֮䣬ڽԻͶӰ͸ˡ
Ҫѹһ磬ȻԽĶԽãѹһʯֱ˵ĴĹʯţֻ̨ǲ˴ȵȣܽǹѹͶӰڣͶӰޱȵȶ
ǣȴ޷
һﲢףҪͶӰڳΣ͸ӵѡ
ٶڵķ˵ЩӶʵ
ڣ֮һ˽ˡں𣺡ѹ֮ԽԽãԽĶԽѹƽ֮ˣ·ԵһһݣȴѹͶӰã޷ȫ
ǼȻڸ֮Ȼнķ
Ԩ֮ǵһԻеʯ̬úʵ֮䣬Ϊѹ֮ʲ
ʯ֮һǺޱȣѹһʯѹͶӰģͬҲһʯ
ںȥ
еԺһ˿ɻȻһЩ֮඼ϻ֣ǸĽƣں˼Ĵôһط
֣ںתͷ˷һۣЦЦΪ߲磬
ͷһ
߲磬麣;ģȻԽ磬˵ʵڵģͨͽ쾳Ե۷󣬷ҲܸӦǵĴڡ
ǣ麣ͻö֪ȻܸӦ˴˼ͷ·ء
ǰΪ߲磬޾ղΪ֪ĳڿƺбĿܡ
ںûо˵ʲôԼ֪֮١
ˣ׼ȥɣڰ꿼гɼõģõλҲãסҪиں
˵꣬ÿһڳͨ
￵һȥպ˵
еֵ￵æУЩļµĿͨȴûжԥܿͲС


ǵ߸еģ˵ͷʾ£ٲͨ
ΧĹâʧͻƵľʱйƵľһ㶼ţԼںڰͨ߰˷ӣǰȻʣһ֮С
ͷ΢
⴦գۣҲ𺳵ģλһӴޱȵʯ֮ռһĿռ䣬ĿȫӴĲ˼ʯ
Щ˺ʯͷ·һС
ʯϰ߲ţµĺۼде̦ӴʯΧһɫ
ǣʯǿѹͷ𺳡
һɫƽ̨Ϣĳ˷ǰûԥֱӾٲ˺ɫƽ̨
ţɫƽ̨ʱƶŻʯ֮ǰ￵޲ˡ
￵ǣƺǻļɵŽӽʯвɶֹ¶˿־֮ɫȻ֪ģȴܸӦһ˿С
գɫƽ̨û̫ӽʯںԶλþͣԽȽˣԽʯ
ڷ֮Ҳ˽λ󣬲ûȥᣬȫעǰĻʯл֮ݣʼԣʯ



1184 һ
պڸ˵֮һ淨ͬʶֻ㡣
һΪΣ
ڶΪ
㣬Ҳһ㣬硣
֮󣬾ͶӰйʯѹͶӰ
Ȼʹûɣһ͵ڶ㣬ҲЧֻȻԶɺ
֮
֮ݣصĹ뷨ţʼ
վںɫƽ̨ϣһ
ģӴͶӰֳڷתţǰӴʯԽԽܿϵİ߲̦
ͶӰһʵӰ𽥳֡
Ƿ￵޲ˣ˭ҲԸ˷ʱͻᣬȫעĽй롣
~
һ￵йоѹƣžبһ߼ʵĻʯŲɶֹĿ־塣
ʯޱȣΧŻûһ˿ζ·Զôȥյ˵κв￵Ҳһ㣬Ȼ֪ô£Żʯĸе־塣
ǻʯвĸоǸߵȼĴڶԵ͵ȼڣγɵͱϵѹȡ
ָо￵һλǿߡ
λǿû¶棬ǳųΣû￵֣ˣڳʱ￵ȻǸоǰδеĿ־壬˷·ڿ籩֮Уһ̾ͻᱻһ㡣
һҶֱλǿԶȥŻ˰㵹¡
ºһ֪һλ켶ķǿߡ
ȻʯѹȸԶλǿߣȷʵǴţ޹غʵǴڵȼϵĲࡣ
~
ĺһ￵ȥµĺɫƽ̨ҲٿȻĺ˶ˡ
Ȼж˹룬ͶӰ۵ӰҲʱʧ￵ûеʲôϧģΪѾ˼ޡ
ĻʯԶˣֿ־жʱ˲٣￵˿
ӦģʯҲģʱô
￵Ըаοʱ֣֧Ųס˵ˣԼһˣڹ뵽һ̶ȺҲǲԼͬȥ
ţ
ͻȻ￵͵һ㶣֣˶ںˣһˣȵվԭأһû˹
ǸˣǷ
ƽվںɫƽ̨ϣͶӰתţȻǰȴû
һĻ￵ɫʱ
û뵽ⷽȻǸ־˾ˡһǰ̾Ǿ̾
ȷʵǼ̳еѪɲóˣԺ־
ͬǳž޴ѹȺͿ־壬Ȼȴһˣɼ־Ǻεȼ̲Σ̾硣
ȴ֪־Ȼǲܼ֮ãȴΪʯû÷κο־С
ߡ
￵һоǲʡ
־ΣһֱӲţδؾжõĹЧԣҲδؾͱҳɫ١￵ܲ
ûֹͣ롣
ȻԶˣЧȴ֮ǰ￵˵Ȼ޷ܣȵͷĿ־ƽϢٺ̾»صԭλץʱ
ˣЩıȽԶ⣬ظͬĹ̡
ǰʮˣǵλãЧ˵౶ǳܵѹҲԽÿһʱͲò˿ѹ
Ψһ⣬Ƿ
ʼգԭأĺǱ۾ȫĵͶ뵽֮С
ͶӰʵӰ𽥱ԽԽ
Ԩ֮ǡ
պͺںˣڳеģǰһӰӳĳ
ӵ־Ǽ͵˼㡣һˣں̲ס̾
˼ʯˣһ֣־ܼ͵زˣȴҲȿ
ۺޱȵĸ̲ε־ֻҪԲ̫ĳɾ;Ͳ
˵̬һٰʮȴת䣬ӶԷӣڵ̾
Ȼı֣Ҳֵˡ
˵ܷտǰɵһ㣿պͻȻʵ
ںһ㶣漴ҡͷѡ
ǿ᷽չһ淨ôģ˵ڰʱһˡ
ԲˣʹĻᣬǧ궼һö
֮һֱתǰѹͶӰѶȻС
ҲҪһ㣬½ͶӰγһʵӰӣֻҪȶɢͬЧ˴Ԩ㡣
պ˵ͷҲΪɵһ㣬ֻǷŴδ漣ڴˣܿ˦һʵʵͷ
ʱš
ʯڵڣȫʯ֮ҲûţԨƿͶӰڲ֮ͬ˴˶ԲͬķʽŬš
ģһ֮ӽβ



1185 ֮
Ԩ֮ǡ
ԨΧĹųǣƽʱǷǳģȻӭһߣ˶æڸԵϺںֹ˵Ǻ
Ȼݵȴơ
~
ͻȻ䣬ųǺ׵ľһζ
ô£
ʲô
ͻı仯ʱɧ˷׷״ס˳Ǿ
Ԩ֮Ǵ֮ãһֱǷǳƽھԨĹųǸû˿䣬İڡ
Ҫ֪Ԩɲǰȫ֮أֱ仯־塣
Ҫҡ
ںͳȫǣѸò侲и߸ӶţôҲλǿߡ
һЩоˣȴоںУ̺һ˿ŭ
ߡ
Ԩ֮ģںɫĿЩ⡣
պԣͶѯɫ
ô飬ȻǾˡ
ǿдҪںԭί
ԨԨ֮ǵλãǳأһ֮У֪˲࣬պҲͨضĴҪ׿ȥңҲǾҲԨġ
ˣպص
ںҡͷǵ˵ĻҵʵԶǣҪ˵Ҳ׾٣ᾪǡ
Ӧǡں˵־ͱ죬Ϊ˵Ѿˡ
ߣҵҪ˭˽֮ǵĹشںЦ
һʼԨͻգֱ뿪ǽ֮ǵĹء
һʧԭء
󴦡
Ȼ䣬ǿҵĹâäռ˺һѺۣӰ˴֮С
֮ͣһǺڷ΢ߣϹЦݣһˣһӢ꣬ͦΣüµĿ·˶
һʲôͷغĿɿڴĿһĻ
ס봫ܽǰԨ֮ǻζʱ˳ʱĿ˴Ӵг֡
غȫŪʲô¡
ʱӰȻڴϿգɫƵĿˡ
Ц滢Ȼ㡣ˣպʱһУ΢Цŵǡʶһ֮ǵĸ
ؽǧ֮ǣλöͬպÿһ˶ʶ֮ǣպĽ֮ȴڽ
Ǭںڻûֵǡ
ںȻҲʶߣԨҲǶԷ֮һ
չأԨÿζֻһ֮ǵ˽ѵΥںɫܲÿߣǿд˽Ȼá
ںҪᣬҲ޴⡣ߵǬЦеǲƻأιˣֻ
Ҫƻأģߣǽˡ
ԣںԻ
ʲôպһԲ˵
ǺǡǬ΢΢һЦûлشպ⣬ǻܣһֱ˵ϳ֮˲żüãҿҲô
ϳ֮ǣպĽ֮ǵ֡
ʱΧѾۼ˲ˣǬĻ˶ʱ¶ŭɫû˸ҷ
Ӽ˵ĶԻУѾ֪߾һ֮ǵĸҲǿߡ
ֺα֪ʡպ
￵˶Ԩ֮ǻʯʹ˴ҲӰ첻պͲţǬ᲻֪
˵⡣ںߣҾҪ뿪ˡ
ҵܼ򵥣պϵЦݶȻһգ
Ҵһ֮ǣϳ֮ս
һһ䣬쳹Ԩ֮ǡ
ʲôս
Ҫսǣ
˶ʱɧ
պһ˶Է⡣
ս
֮Ǻͽ֮֮䣬ȻûлսĵǵãԼѡ˲ţǸ֮ǳԽǿҲǽ֮н֮𣬵λֱ
֮֮Ҳžսʽ߽бƴĸ֮ǳĸţ콾
ô㲻ңº͵ݣĿպͱˡ
ߣʲôҵġպŭһ
սûĵǵʧڽ֮Ҳأ˿
ܺãϣ㵽ʱ򲻻ڡЦġ
䣬Ͷ



1186 ս
ںվһԣû˵
ս֮ǵ£мȻ档
Ȼ˵⣬Ҳս֮ͻȥںҲĬ
Сӣһ֮ǵţպεĿһԵӢ߽꣬ĿǲԶ
һ֮ǣֻһˣ
һԡߵ
𡣡պƽӦһûױŵεУ￵һǲΪͻĪֵһˡ
ȻսǶҲҪеͷ߿պ˵ɣտ˵ĽͷΣ
տ˵Ľպһݣ׹Էǳġ
֮ǵĵһа꿼˺տˣȻѡص㲻ֻоԨһȴǲࡣ
꿼˱ߣά֮ܵļʡ
ڣտˣάһˣһܳɹԵ汦
汦Ǽ
ʹǽ֮ǣޣó
ҲܴӦպƬ̣ҡҡͷ汦Ҫ˵ģ
Ͼ￵Ƿֳ츳ǱҲܳΪǿߣУպ˽
Ӧԭί˵
߸ô˵ҲǵõӢͬ⡣
ˣԨ֮ĳʱϾͱ֪顣
ս޷ܾӦԸԸտ˵ĽͷҪǵԸˡպ
Ȼ˵ǣĿ⣬ȴŷȼˡ
պտ˵Ľеһ˲ܵõ
ҿԸǣ汦֮Ǻпڵһνĵʱ򣬾ͳɹܡպ
⻰һ˶¶˼֮ɫ
ε󣬲˾ҪˣڵһνģͳɹܣǺʣõĽιõĸ
пܣ˵Ҳǰٷְˡһ˵
պ˵ͷȻġ
ÿʮ꣬һܵõһ汦ǶڵһνĵʱܣʵȻˡ
պ۹⣬ЩҪνģܻ㹻ɹʱҲҪ֮
汦Ҳһ㼸ʰˣû汦˸лᡣ
汦һĻǲǴһ㣿ͻȻʵ
ǡպ˷һۣû
￵۾ʱǰһͬ⡣
ͷվ˳
Ҳͬ⡣
Ҳһƴˡ
ɲǼ䣬ųϵ˶ͬˣϾǵõ汦ĻãǵĶȻʲôԥ
Ը⡣΢΢һЦ
ǰʮļԥƬ̺Ҳͷͬ⡣
սзգ˭֪һ㣬ϾǵǬǰͿ϶һİյģͺôǸûԹô֪￵ԼģȻˡ
ǽսպ˳ߵ
ԣ߷ЦԱߵӢ¶һ˿ЦмĿˡ
ָ߸ϵĿ⣬ʮֲˬ
ʲôһ͵غȵ
סҵ֣꣬ʱǲҪ޳Ӣ국ÿһۡ
㡭
ûʲôģͽѿ֮ʱ򣬿˭ʹ顣￵
˫֮Ľ棬΢Цպɫ΢
սݺܼ򵥣տˣһ֮ûʣ죬ʹǰҲûʲô󰭡
һ¡
ڶ޶ʱԨ֮Ծ£һչһѧžԨȥ
￵ǺˣȫվԨ֮ǱԵûнԨ
һεͷϷЩˡ
ȰѶóɡպָһһǿҵĹâȻǰ
âҫһˮտ˽汦
ҲûһʱһССĻֳһ֮ǵ汦
·˿һĻжʱâ
˭ʤܵõ汦Լߵģܹ˫Чĳɹʻӡ
ںһţǵˮͻ棬ʱ
սǹ֤ˣڽǰΪͷ汦ʱܡ
ú׼ңǶ˷ʱ䡣ںȵ˺ȵĻع
ЩջĿ⡣
Ȼǵĵ̣שɡһĵ޴ЦȻԾԨ֮ǣ·ٳȥ
ͬʱͶӰֳ
³ٶޱȣԶǰԨκһˣתۼ䣬ͻ˵һԨڶԨ
һεİ꿼ˣֹڵڶԨȻȴԼٶȴ˹ȥ˵Ԩ
ԨҲûã˵Ԩ֮ٶȲ͵½
ĻյĳɼǵԨ
պ΢΢ͷ
ӵڶԨԨ֪֮
ûάסʯӰӲɢںҡͷ
ޣʯĳɹͶӰγһʵӰӣֻάһ޷ȹ̲ɢˣŻһʼ˿ٵ³ҪӰɢǰĴ
~
һӺںзǴﵽ޵ĵ޻ס

һҡ
˵һ˷׷ӿһһԾԨ
ֻȫֹڵԨ
Ԩһֽ롣
󣬵һԨˣڳ֡
ѩһһδԨģȻѩ
츳ٶǵǹʯ֮Ժ־һϣʤ˴ˡ
ȻλúܲɳɹȴȻ
ŮӡںĿһľȴܿѩͶӰУγһʵӰӣάסɢҲԨ
ѩֹڵԨûиһ
֮󣬴Ԩ˿ʼ֣ꡢЦˣȫǴ˵ԨҲͶӰγȹ̵Ӱӡ
˵֮һɻԶҲ߳˼ʵһ
ԨҲͻơ
˼ȫǰЩˣֻʹǿҲǴ˵Ԩ˰ĵط޷ٽһ
ĲʣܴԨ˵ؽ磬Ƶš
Ԩһˮ룬źͷˡ
Ԩ֮ϣֻʣ˻ûнԨ
￵ͺꡣ
ϿգһֱЦݣ򶨣ǶԺʮ㡣
ںƽⳡսͺûʲôϵ
ͻȻɫ΢ƺӵһЩϢһ̣͵תͷǺ꣬¶˾֮ɫ



1187 콾
ô
պע⵽˺ں仯һʱʵ
ҸոսӵһϢ˵ܲںܿ侲Ŀۺ꣬ſպ¶һ˿
սӮܵ͡
ʲôںⷬպ˵ɫ̱ѿ
Ǳˣ˵ģպ⣬ںͬԼۿ˵ĳɳǵ˽⣬£Ȼ˵ĻɼսĲˡ
ô£һǿѹеľκˣպʵ
ϢҵһѴģصһ֮ءںպ飬ûֱ˵˳ңǬ꣬սǱĽ֮ǣǣʤңǺֱӴԭļ¼¼¼
ûպ¶֮ɫں˵ȥ
⻹ֹȥս֮ǰǻȥ˼֮أȫʤһȫ¼¼
˵꣬ںϧĿպȻϳ֮ʤڿ
պ׻˶סˡ
ǬҴս϶֣Ҳ뵽ˣǺȻǼΪˣպôη壬ΪҲвų֣û뵽꾹Ȼŵֵز
ս֮أ֮ǣȫʤҲͰˣҲ˼ǣȫ¼¼
պ޷󣬷ȻҲ¼¼ɽǵһνԨļ¼տܷͬƼ¼⻹δ֪֮ȴƵˡ
֮أֹԨ֮;ͬ飬Ķ֮ģǾĵĻЩ֮Ҳɹڶ֮ǵţǿ߱µļ¼ԲȾԨߵĲ
պı飬̲סЦǽӵϢˣҲûҪ
̧̧°ͣ¶֮ɫһ֮ǣʷɫţʹؽ磬Ƶһλ콾ĳɾͣȻܳΪһǿߣǷǿжһôһ˿ܣΪǿߣ¡
պĻüܱһ档߿պ
ߡպŭһȻľô䣺˭˭Ӯδ֪ȻҲΪʤãǽеͶ飬պζ
ЦһҲȥպ
ʱ˶Ѿ˾Ԩֻʣ·￵ͺˡ
ǿʼɡߴߴٵˣǻҪȥһ
̬ȴΪսʤʮþˡ
ʱһ֮以ͨϢźս֮ǣӮȡ汦ļƻͻƲҪץʱ䣬Ӯ汦Ҳ̫ࡣ
ں˵ͷҪߴˣֻǺͻȻ̧ͷĿ˹
λˣʾԨõļ¼ʵ
ٺ٣Ԩļ¼ҲϾҪˡǺʮ㡣
ںüͷһ壬ԷǱˣҲ׵죬ٶʮ
¼ȻǸԭ¼Ϊǿȴ;콾µģǰơ
õ˴𰸣ûмʣǿ˷￵΢һԨҲҸұȱȣ˭ܵ
ѵһ㲻ɣ￵Ц˿塣
û˵Ҳǵ˵ͷ
Сһ֪ս¾Ͳģˣ֪ηʼ磬ſϷ̬׼ʶǿǾʧı顣
ı仯սĽ֮ǵʱѾΣһҲ⡣
պɫ淢ѿһԣҲȥѷ￵δսӣǲá
ߡ
һʱ뿪Ԩ֮ǣԾԨ
ͶӰ̳˱󣬻תš
񱩵֮ӿڱͶӰպ˲ͱֿˡ
ȻǵһνԨǿģȴûʲôʡ
˿³ȥ˴˼䱣ͬ
ǵٶȣԳƲϿ죬֮ǰǻҪ˶ǣȻںȴ΢΢ͷ
ǵ֮ѾˣͶӰγӰӵĵزں
ֻӰάֲɢŲҪһ³塣
ڷ˺̶ֳȣȴҪھԨиı֡
СӣӦԨܿ죬ͻˣоصĲࡣߵ
Ȼ꿴ȥûκβʣǲ֮ͬأܹЩ΢𣬸һ˿ᱻŴںı֣ȻӦԨڱ֮صľ飬ҪӦ𲻴ľԨҪá



1188 ɱ
һԨ
ڶԨ
Ԩ

תۼ䣬ǰԨͱ˿Խǵٶû˿½Ƿ￵Ǻ꣬ɡ
ҲȻģǰ￵ܴغ͵Ԩˣʱȥ˽꣬ǲԭ̤ǰƼ¼ԨǰضԣҪȥȫǺ򵥡
Ԩ
ûж⣬һԨҲͻƣ˲Ⱥ󣬴˵Ԩ
Ƿ￵ڣѾڴԼ˵óɼ
ԨˣǾȻôɾʹ˽ȥ
ģյܴһ㣿
˵ˣȫ𾪵Ŀˣ⼸ܴﲻ֣𾪵ǣԻû͵ܽĵط
ѵ˵ܽԨһ޺Ȼ
ڵһʹԨˣؽ綼ƵţһУûгֹһԨˡĪǣҪˣ
̾˿о˱˴˼Ĳ࣬Ȼǰ꿼˵ĵڶǺ￵ͷ̬̫Զ
ԨȻе㱾£ѹָս￵ƵĿۺ꣺ҿ㣬Ҳ쵽˰ɡ
ޣ˵Ц˵ʵ쵽޵㣿Ŀ￵û뵽ϳ֮ǵˣȻûá
仰Ҳ˽ȥ
ޱ飬ȥֿڽ֮ⳡսˡ
ԨŲ룬ԽԽ񱩣ԽԽǿ֮ͶӰȻ̾ͱɢȻֳȻǴͶӰѹ
˲ͬͶӰȹޱȣӰڵģǷԼƿͶӰ飬Ǳ񱩵֮飬ھ޴ѹ޷ƿأŽġ
֮÷õƿͶӰ
ʱԨ֮ʯ֮Աͺܲڳ»£Ҳڲ仺࣬ûбʯ壬λֺãʹĻޱȣﵽһ˼ĵز
ٺõҲ̸ֽʮǳԣ䲻
ȻһνԨȴǸ˷һᣬֱ֮ĳת֤֮ѧѧһĵþΪԼĶڻͨ
˿̣л糱ˮȫ˳Ѹţɱ䣬Խ룬ɱ淢ǿң÷һֺĸо
ͶӰǸʵӰӣһһı𽥳ֳӴޱȵĻʯ̬
û֪ͶӰڷľ˱仯
ӱչгԨһΣǿٽʱڡ
￵ˣڰҲĻۣǺͷԶˣԨҲżĽûһˣзǿҡ
£ﻹȤȥƣսʱԺ
ԨѾӦĲˣȻΪ˲ôҲҸһ٣бۿ￵ڷΪСļһûз
Щ棬ԼевģҲ￵ˣȻвҲһ㣬΢
𣿡￵Ȼ䡣
˶һۣͬʱʼ٣ٶȶȻ貵磬ƿ޾ĺڰޱȵҫۡ
ᣬˡ˾ԺȻ
ˣԨǧ࣬ƴȫû뵽ˣڵԨٶȣȻǰ漸ػҪ죬β֡
˵Ŀ⣬ۼ￵ͺϣλǿߣҲˡ
ûиȥû֮ĶԻάԼĽٶȣͶӰлʯԽԽ³ٶҲ𽥼ӿ죬Ȼʹʱ￵ͺȣɾͲֵһˡ
˹ʶĿ˵ߡ
һ



׷Ҹϣٶȶǲ£ڵԨݺᡣ
ߵҲЩȵĿպ
ѹҴӦսԭϳ֮ǵУҲһܺͺƴ̶ֳȣΪ￵Ȼ㹻԰ˣһתȻͺǲ̫Զ
պһûлش
Ԩˡ˷˾
￵ͺ꣬ڱȫٺ󣬺ܿͳ˵ԨѾĿǰõĳɼ
˱ɫǣʹ⾪˵ĵԨ˵ٶȶûм٣Ȼͬһ磬˺˲ڰ
óɼûбãϾͱ˳Խ



1189 Ԩ
ԨǰԨҪµĶࡣ
Ǳںڰ֮еǺӰǾţǱĿһǺӰݺţ裬ҪǰͱͬʱԼʮǺӰĳ֮֮ĳ
ĳǿžͷƤ飬ǵһء
Ȼ￵ͺ꣬ȴû̫ĸоһ㣬Ӱ磬ڵԨд



ˣܹԨں΢Ц
һԣպҲǼһ˿Цݡ
ȻⳡսʤĻãܳһԨҲǷǳģϾؽ綼ˣһо˳ɼҲѵóһΡ
ԼδӣͳպȻ
һ뵽սɫֱѿ鲻ڡ
ԨĿǾԨ߱˫ۣġ
׼ǿԨˡպûߣĿ׷￵ͻȻɫ΢䡣
ںɫҲ֪
ԨǰԨȫһεģܳĶǵؽţ￵ͺǰԨֱײ֮ǽԨδؾֵ˺á
Ȼ仯ĿֲѹǱͶӰ顣
ںȫעΪ˱֣ԱΣʱ̳֡
ǻǶעעǸ￵İɣԨвꡣŵ
һ·սȾԨҪΣյ֮ضȥˣԲὫ˵طС
˽̸䣬￵Ӱ磬Ȼ䴩˵Ԩ˵Ԩ
ˡ˾Ϣ
Ǵû˵ĵط
ͻȻ
ʲôһָŵԨ
˶ɴ۾
Ԩںڰ֮Уƾ۾Уֻе˳ȥʱɢâһ
ʱǿ˺ǰԨȻͬľ
ûвǺӰڵԨ֮УյģȴһЩڰ۵ľεţûĿһڰΪһ塣
е￵ĸܸС
ոճԨɫ䣬оǵճޱȵˮУжѣԼ֮˷ͶӰ档
ʹ֮ԻӰͶӰ˿ֲĳ£ǵһαĲȶ΢΢ζš
￵ͷ̷Żٶȡ
ɫޱѿǣԭĺ꣬ȴûܵӰ죬ٶȻޱȡ
ôܡ￵޷ܣΪǿ֮ˣû뵽꾹ȻԶԶ
ʮ⡣
궸Ȼͣͷ￵
㲻ǺǿôҼˣƲƲ죬еﲻԶô㱾µĻҾͲˡ
˵꣬ɫѿ￵ٴμ³ȥ
￵ɫޱȣȴãֻܾȥ꣬³Ҳû߳Զ
һֻԨεĺڰ飬ӽʱ򣬶Ȼ˹ͶӰ
~
ޱȵ֮˲ͶӰը￵ͶӰһζ
һֻڰĳ￵ͶӰӽ
￵ɫʱĲ԰ףϵĻֻڰĳԲܳܵġ
Ԩһڣļޡ

Ԩÿһ𹥻ĺڰ飬ͻһֻ
ʱ˵Ŀⶼ˺ϡ
￵ˡںҡҡͷ
ʤѶЦݣźں汦񣬾ڿԼĶƵġ
Ҳκˡ
ϳ֮ǵˣһڵԨ˦£һڵԨʱ򣬾ͱ롣
ʤɾǺˡ
汦һ֮ǵˡ־Ц
պŭһ
𼱣ûнں
ʲô漣ˡ߲˵ʤǱȻģڵΨһǣܷƵԨļ¼ˣҿҲûʲô
ʱȻġںΪ
~
һֻֻڰ˺꣬ȻȴǲɽͶӰڶһС
³ĺڰҲѸӣֻֻֻ
~
ʮֻڰ˺ֺ꣬˵ƣ˶ľȻܲвǲ¶ܲµ̺֮Ǻεȵľˡ
ɾ˳궼Ӳĳ̩ɽ
ȽͬڵԨ￵ٶȴҪ̫ˣÿһαڰҪһż³궼Ѿ嵽˾Űٶﴦʮĵطǻ˭óѾ˼ޡ
˵Ŀ⣬һ·ĺ֮ʱķȴǲɫĻ٣ʱҲѾ˵ԨԨϱƽ



1190 ͻ
һ


ڵԨٶԽԽ죬ͶӰʯӰӱԽԽ
ɱ䣬Զûֹͣļ
ʱٶȣھϵĵݼӺѾ𽥽ӽǰĺ￵һ磬˺ڰʹڿ񱩵ĵԨǲ˿Ӱ졣
˵Ŀ⣬ȴûע⵽ı仯
ڰԨˡ¶Ե֮ɫźʮֻڰĳס˲һԨ
Ԩļ¼ҲǲԶ
ڰԨԨ³̶˼̨ס
ڵԨֱײĺ꣬˵غҲɫ΢䣬ٶҲɵķŻ
ڵڰԨ֮ĳͼֻܺڰͬʱΪµģǵڰصĶдڡ
͵ԨһҲǿյģȻεģǺڰ飬һ޴ħب֮Уǲɰ֮۶ɡ
ź³һӴħȻ˹
Ǿ޴ڽӽʱѸСսͶӰС
˿ͶӰڵֻܿħ֮һֱȶޱȵͶӰ΢΢ζȻǳǰδеĳ
һħĳҪԨʮֻڰܺ͡
Ӳ
һҲʹҲ⡣
ûκѹΪⳡսѾʤǿܷļ¼ˡ
һһ³ȥ
ǰޱȵ֮ųͶӰûãںĺ۳ħ
Ԩ͵ڰԨڰħ۵ٶȶΪѸ٣ûռ˴ǰıˡ
ס˵ڰԨħĳҲǰ˿
֮Ѿ˼ߵľ磬ͶӰڣʯӽ֮Ĳ֣Ѿɹ˳һҲǲԶƵԨļ¼Ӧòڻ¡ߵ
һ֮ǵĹ֮ͬǻʯ
ں˵ͷ֮Ļʯ֣Ҳֻˣú괳Ƚ￵˾ͲĺԶˡ
꣬ǴеѪˣ˵ҲǷǳˡ
ڵͷɹƵ¼Ӧòʲô⡣
ŵߣںҡͷû뵽￵ͺĲȻ֮󣬾ǼΪõķҲ
뵽ڰ꿼ž˱ֵķںģĿϷȥ
ǲһۣȻһȥںʱͷ
ǿ쿴ںĲ
ԣպһæȥȴüǸͱµˣڿ»ڵԨɣʲôÿġ
Ȼô˵߻ǿ˹ȥ
ǺȻ֣֪ʲôʱ򣬾Ȼ˵ԨǾǣʱٶȣȻ￵ͺ
ôܡͷ
û뵽ԨԽԽΣյģⷽȻԽٶԽ죬ֱΥ˳
Ҿ֪ôʧܡպһѹôãһüĸо
ߣǵԨˡһȻ𾪣ȴţҲǰʵҪһ˰ˣԨͻԭα¶δؾͻ￵Զ
պûзߵĻҲĵġ
ڵڰԨչͬʱٶԽԽķ𽥱˷֡
˶¶˺ɫߣҲĳһ˿Ȼ
ΪʱķٶѾԽ￵ͺꡣ
~
𾪵ĿУ˵Ԩ
￵곹˦
СӣҲԭα¶ˣô죬ʱͶӰĸ졣߳ҡҡͷ￵ȴ򣬲ʺʵˡ
ȻҲʵˡ
ںҲ׼ʱ֣Ҳŵġ
ŷļ³̼䣬һֻڰ鱻͵˹ײͶӰڡ
ȻԤûг֣̩ɽͶӰûܵκγһ㣬˿ĻζûС
λǿߣͬʱɴ۾ͷ
һֻֻڰ鲻˷ȴݺ˷ֺ
ͬڵԨ￵ʱҲû߳ԶϷĶҲѸٲ̧ͷ³ٶ֮죬֮ʱ￵˶ɵˡ
û뵽ԼǵԶ꣬Ϊ°ܽķ׳Խ
磬˲ͳ￵
ϳ֮ǵߵһˣ²κε顣
ֻڰ飻
ֻڰ飻

ԽԽĺڰ飬ǵص˷ȴ𲻵κεãǴڼ֮еʯμγΡȻ
⻹𾪵ģˣλǿڣ𾪵ԸӵǣʹֹĵԨ
ٶȣȻ



1191 ھ
⣬ôܡ
Ҳάϵ򶨣ɫ䡣
ںպҲޱȣоǲ˼顣
ٶȿҲͰˣǿǾһ޷־ãǹؼ˼£ͶӰҲΡȻεԨĺڰγûκεĻζȶĳ
˵￵ˣ궼
ֻڱ֤ͶӰ㹻ȶǰ£ٶȣһͶӰȣٶȵĻôͶӰܿ鿪
Ц滢ϳ֮ǵ˱ֵΣ۷񣿡պЦһ¡
ˣҲһϢڵһνԨʱ򣬾ʹԭеļ¼ѸٱɫպЦ˵
Ϣ֮ǰ˵ûж壬Ͼտ˺Ͱ꿼˿϶ͬǷڴʱȴߵɫ䡣
ߣ˵ڰԨ˵Щɡɫѿ
ԷڵͷƤٺҲ˵ڰԨȻԺ껹ģ˭Ц󣬹⿴ٶȿɲС
ȴûλǿô࣬ٶȼڵԨһ˳˵ĳ졣
ȻʹʤҲûʲôôһ֮ǵӮˣǸ޹⡣
ߺͺ굽ʱ˵̬Ҳò˼Ϊˬ
ٶˡ
Ȼڼ١
ϵ𣬷ʱı֣Ѿǵ󣬵ԨǰһѸͻơ
˰
Ű
һǧ
~
޿ҵͷȻ˵ڰԨ
ʱ򣬺ѾһٶﴦͬʱħĳƼ¼ҲǲԶȻѾû˹עˡ
˵ע˷ϡ
ڰԨħܳܵס
˷٣ܼܲȥ
˶֪Ĵ𰸡
ڰԨ궼ҪСĽô޼ɵ·һߺһȻΪķͷҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
ȻʮֵǿΣҲǴ˵ڰԨҲһˡ
ںˣϣ漣ݺݻܺպҲΪڵڰԨά֮ǰķίʵ̫˼顣
ȻǺܿͷԼˡ
٣Ȼ٣պŵ˵ЩɼڵǺεȵļ˷ܡ
ܣܡҡͷʵȴǰ
궼궼ҲţϾҪħķΧˣٶȣûлĻᣬħĳ±ɡ
䣬һħȻ˷ӴСսͶӰڡ
˶۾ǣͶӰûκεĻζħ
ţǵڶ
ڷĸ£һħȳ׷ײͶӰڣȻͶӰȶĳû¶㲻֧ơ
һħҲ
ħͬʱͶӰԶԶ˵Ԩڷǰȴʯ󺣣һ㶯ûС
ٶȣȻȲš
Ѿ𾪵ľˡ
ͣŵĿŷǰٳ˦˺桭
ϳ˴֮ɫ
뵽ӵˣȻͻ𣬳
ң˲׷ϵĶ
ԼļޣԼ֧Ų˶ãϾͻͶӰ飬¶ھԨ֮С
ŷԶȥĹӰԶ
һĴܸȻһֱЩܵ˲еģȴֵ꣬ƷеĿɬ
ˡ
ںĿƣ׷ŷӰͻȻ䣬¶˻Ȼ֮ɫ
һֱڹʯֱ֮ڲŽԨɻĿ⣬ں͵Ҷ£ӭһɱ䣬֮һͻͽĹ̡
˵ھʹУպһ
꣬Ͷȹһ̣֮ҲͶͣʱڣ̫ͻƣһ
ˣܽٶȻԽԽ죿ںʵȻ룬ԵѹͳҲԽ󣬵ĽӾˣͶӰҲԽԽȶٶһֱ
֮⣬벻Ľ͡
պߵ˵ͷҲһͣ޷⣬ڵڰԨٶȶ˾˵ԭΥ˳
ڣڷɿţҽĳ̶ȳѹӵٶȡպһŲ˼֮ɫ棬Ļ۵˺εȳ̶ȣ
ҡҡͷѾ޷ȥˡ
Ҳ²⣬֮пܽӽ˵һɣѾˡں
˵жϣԼе޷š
ʱ䣬ͽ֮һɣʵ̫ˡ
ţʱȥĵĻкܴĿܳɹ
˵ܴ߰˰ں˵
Ҫ֮ɳʲô̶ȡպҡҡͷһ֮ĽֹͣǷԲô졣
ܴ˶Ҷԡ
~
һӴޱȵħ˷ͶӰʯӰӱԽԽ󲿷ֶĻʯ죬ʣ¼ٵһ֣ģ

߰
ûͣ
ڼ١
ѵ˵ܴھԨ
λǿۿŷ˵ڰԨŰٶﴦһͷɶֹĸֳ
ھԨ
Ԩһأʷϣδ˴ȥ
ѵ˵ǰ޹˵ļ¼Ҳ죿
˾ޱȡ
֪˵𾪣֮֮Уٶ˼¡
һȼŵʯɢǿҵĹâײ޾ڰ֮Уֳ·Ҫٵһ㣬Ȼһոµء



1192 
ھԨĴھԨˡ
ۿŷԽ˵ڰغ͵ھԨ֮ĽޣںȫǺȻɫ䡣
ʷĵһΡ
պ̲סЦɫࡣ
ڷ˵ھԨȻûֹǿģԲ̫߳ԶᴳھԨˣⳡսʤȫǺ֮
Σϳ֮ӮˡպЦеѿɫ
ŭһȴûз
ȻսǰںҲὫų
û뵽û뵽պֻе˵ĳ졣
ΪǰһöԷʧҪǣεУһλţʹؽ磬¶Ƶһλ콾
Ϊ֮ǵĸպȻ֪ǧʢᣬзôһλ콾֣ϳ֮˵֮õĺ£뵽ʱĳպ˷ڴѣ޲ʱ̹ȥ
ʱ򣬿ϳ֮ǣΪüȵ
ףأ˷֮࣬պĿȥҪҵӰȻһȥȴûпκιӰ
ԨһƬڰʹǣҲ޷͸غڰֻе˴ʱܽͶӰԼâΧ
Ǵʱպȴ֣ʧˡ
ô£ȥˣպ̿һԵĺںţڷϳ֮ǵĹ屦ġ
ЩģΨֵھԨ̫£ڷһ˲䣬ͽͶӰ飬Ӷ¶Ԩ֮С
Ҳ֪ںЦҡҡͷ
ʲôҲ֪㲻ǾԨ𣿡ԣպʱˡ
ȻǾԨߣǴߡںν͵ԨвߣǵһʮΣЩӰķΧǰԨڵھԨʹǼˣȥֻ߲ܽ
û˴ھԨҲ
ҲõģȻھԨ߲֣ô϶ΣգԲĹ򡣡
˺ںĻպ΢΢˿
ҲˣԨĵطΪȡߵǰԨ߲ʱ־ԮôھԨҲͬĵ
ؽ֮أкܶࡣ
;ԨһҲһط߶޷㡣
ֻû˴ĵط
Уպȴ˽ⲻϾǧ֮ǣҲǷֲεġ
Ȱɡں
µģҲֻеȴˡ

ǣھԨ
ɲĴܡ
Ȼ֮ɱ֮У֪ģǵúԼɴ˵ڰԨľͷ󣬾ͻȻ˴˵ء
Χ֮֮ʧĸɸɾҲ÷ѹ
֣ھԨǰԨȻͬ
ûôû֮
Ԩ룬һɫСŵīҺ壬С棬һде֦Ҷï֦˷չȥһ̻ǡ
֡
üͷ壬ھԨȻôһģе⡣
Ǻɫ⣬ûĶ
˻ᣬɫȥ
ɽһξ󣬷ͻȻɫһںɫԱߣһСڵ㣬ȵɽˣŷһʯ
ʯ֪˶£˲ϵζ
Ŀɨʯ̽ص۵ס
ԭô¡лȻ
ʯǾԨĴ˾Ԩ
ΪʲôԨģ¾ĵĻ֮ĶԵ޽ĺа
ʯ˹
ԭڵھԨǾԨĺģ鲼ǰԨ֮ԴԴ˵ء
ԨΪʲôģ¾ĵĻΪھԨĺģɫľģǾľ֣ΪˣԨá
ʵ֮ۡ
΢ڰ׹â֯ڸ
ʱ˷ߣȫӵ˺ϡ
ǵǰľԨһı죬͵ؽ紿ŲͬҲĥЧ
ȻǾĵĶ֡
ǣܲܽܣ
ԶĺɫԺжȻһͷͷһȷͲɶֹ÷ȻĶ



1193 δ
ǰԨ֮ȻԴԾģȴԾĵ֮䣬űʵ
֮ĵֻ˵α֮޷ܵġ
ˣһ·ϣûչһ˿һ򣬷ǵκãȾ壬ýܱļѡ
ͺһŰֽ
޵壬һŰֽһȻķ羰һα֮˦˵īǳһЩͿѻȻû֮ѶȴԶԶ޷ﵽԭȵЧߣֱӶ
Щܷ֮ܡǰĺ̲סĶҲǡ
ϾﲻǾġ
뿪˸߲Щִܱ֮ܲ⣬һδ֪
ȥ֪ˡ˻ᣬ˾
ͶӰڣЩ֮ҲĻǾͲҪھˡ
һǰȥܿ죬ǰһεǽڣ͵ھԨָ
ǿһʵȴͬһռڡ
ưǽϣüһֻеִûаĸоֻƳͨĴ˹ȥֱۣšӶûС
⡭Ȼûκ谭áͷ΢ȻھԨڣ⣬ûĶǽڷǴŵģ˵ӦãȻǰȴʧȥ塣
ѵ˵ǶԴھԨĽԺһͷ
ʵϣ²Ĳûд
Ԩ֮أҪھ죬Ϻܴ˼ˣǵؽһ콾֮صĴһռֻдǰ޹˳ɼ콾ʸõ
ǰĺռ
õĽ֮ռ֮ṩ汦֮ԶԶ磬ֻϧܵõһˣھԨֹһˡ
˳һת֮ǲԶ·ϣһȾͲȣǰܣ·Ҳࡣ
תԵһתΪףˣȻﲻھģֻҪ֮㹻⣬ҲгɹĿܡ
˻~
ǽں󣬷ʱһ
ǰΪڲͬռ䣬ɫһ￴ʸУȻȵ˼󣬷̸оǿҵ𺳡
ɫţƽޱȣÿһκˮɼΪ֮ɣϢ÷һϢĸо·һ̾ͻš
ٿдУÿһ֦⡢ÿһƬҶŴޱȵ֮١
㱼䣬·𿴵һС׳ɳ׳ѸٳɳΪһò
֮֮˶ݡ
Ҫǣһֹǰ֮Ĺһж˵ǰĺǾĴ֮ԨĴԾֶΣǷʱ䣬ͬھһ㡣
~
͵һȻ֣ͶӰ΢΢ɴһ
ʹڵڰԨα֮ɵʮħҲͶӰȻȽ֮ͶӰպ󣬶Ĳ
ɼ֮α֮֮䱾ʵĲࡣ
ھһӾԨĵط󣬻ҪĥھĳɹΪԭ򣬷಻ĻҪôʱ䡣
ͶӰĻζ֮£ͶӰǻʯӰҲǰδеٶȱ
һɱ䣬ͻûн̷֮˸Ľ
һ߲ĺۼڻʯϣ
де̦ʯ棻
󣬾ƵĻ֡
תۼ䣬ӴޱȵĻʯĳͶӰ֮ڣԨ֮ǵĻʯһģһ
һ֣̾ͳأޱȣ綨룬ͶӰȶ
֮һ㣬δɡ
̲ס¶ϲɫ
һ֮ɣҲǳ˷ԤϣǾԨ֮ʹҲһԲ֮
δɣʯѹͶӰ˳ɵһܡĳȡ
˵֮ǰûжٰգôھгʮİճɹ
һתڴʱ
ڴûж֮ݣȵƽ״̬Ҳ۷󣬲վ׼ʼܡ


1194 
ǰȥͶӰ󻺻תţŴ˷ӿ֮
ĲƺǴĳƽ⡣
ԭƽĺɫȻ䲨һĲ֦ҶҲζ졣
ɲǼ䣬ڴ˼֮ʱһ̨ס
״÷һ㶣ܿͼǰȥ֮ĳ£ͶӰΡȻ
ȵӽһʱ
~
ӺɫУȻɳһˣŷͶ˹ŨޱȵĴ֮ϣ˲ͻߵľͷ
ͬʱ֦ҶҡţһɫΣҲŷ
Ŵޱȵ֮٣Ȼ̲ǿҵҲһ¡
һͶӰתţ̽˺ɫξɡ
麣ͶӰ֮ͶӰֲ֮ڽͶӰ󣬶ʱʵ˳š
ͶӰ΢΢һΣȻεĻʯѹ£Ѹȶ
̶˳ޱȣûκεĲ˸ոսͶӰɲǣǰδеĳ⣬ûвûУֿ֮һ̡
Ǻ˻ɫΣȫǴ֮֮˿ʣμ˲ͬͶӰûн֯һ𣬸
ԽԽ϶ǾԨս
֮׷˿˼ˣֻҪͶӰȶɵǡ
Ҫھģô˵顣
ǣڽ֮ҪﻷĶԼвȵЩ⣬ܿܡ
ҵʵ֮Ҫʱ䣬ǿУЩ֮ҲԶ˳ûавǿ֮޷׽֮ڣȾͶӰ
ǣڸ߲ͣʱ䱾ޣҪһԾĲ裬ֱǲܵģòһνĵʱһĻۣȵ۵㹻ˣһ
һǷʱҪɻ۵֮Ҳ볬һתС
ڣȴͳͳûЩ⣬һϣȻңңˡ
~
΢΢ҡͷЩƮɢ˼˻ǰԽԽĺ˺ɫιͶӰڡ
ҪܣҪյ֮Ǻʹ׵һת
Ƭ̺
ߵ·
⴦ռ䣬·𱻷ֳ롣
ɫδ촹䣬ƮڷϷ棬ɫӿţγһ޴УԴԴĺ˴ɳ˷
һĻ׳۵ĳԷΪֽ룬ռ˰Ƭɽ
֮裬ܡ
һƬƬҶʧΪŨΣɫˮҲǻ١
ʱţԽԽ֮ͶӰ֮УͶӰҲԽԽȶ
麣ͶӰϣ͸һ˿ɫͶӰϣ͸˺ɫ
ˡ
૵һ̣΢ʱ˻麣ͶӰе֮ǻڡ
~
֮ɲǣһǿޱȵӿţ忪ʼ
ףʮףһס
оԼԽԽ󣬿ֲȴصڱߣ·һ㣬Ѹͣתۼ䣬ͱ֮ߡ
ʱɫͬһˡ
֮ȻԴԴϵӿ룬岻ټͣȴܸоԼʶ꣬ƺ²ϵһȥļ¶
Ȼּ¶ǿ󵽼ʱȻ˻ͶӰڵ֮
֮ڣպϽһˮʱǿҵķӦ
ͬˮǽȻ̷ͬ˳ͻ
֮Ľ棬һ˿˿Ѻۣ𽥳ڷߴ׵ϡ
֪˶á
䡣
壬׷鿪ΪΪϸĳ
һ˲䣬ڷĸоԼ·ǻÿһƬ棬ڽ֯ţǷĸӳס
ɫɫ֯һƬ
Ȼȴû֮Ĳӿ£֮ʼڽڰˣڷڣĿ£γһ۲ɼӣӡǰڡ
塣
ÿ˵壬һޣһﵽޣ޷ǰֺֻн޴ƣܼǰ
ʱһ屻鵽˼£ԭӡϵͼҲͬһʱ䱻׵ķ顢ܡ
麣ͶӰڣ֮ٴӿ룬άס˷
ڷ£忪ʼܡ
һɫĹԣһɫĹԣԼһ˿˿ɫˮΣƬռ𽥸ֳ
Щγɷ֮Լʼ½֮
ĹУҲ飬ԶԶûǴݻٵĵزʱҲ»
ֲӿš
ÿһ֮·а㣬Ѹ˵һɶ
֯һ𣬷˳ȻԭģȻȴоԼǰδеĿ
~
һγͣӷͨ麣ͻͨУȻӿǿ֮
ɫĹԺͲɫԴȻӿγ޴ĹΣڡ
ռ䣬ʼ½ڣ֮Ȼӿһɫˮдռ˳Ͷ˷ڡ
ǺɫǴ˵صˣȻʱȴǾֵ˼㡣
ˮӿţѸȥ֦ҶҲһζţչԶ뷽ķ
ǽǴκʶȻڸΪ߲ǰȴѡȴ
䣬ûȥᡣ
֮ͻ֮ӿ룬弫ȿĸоʧͶӰҲϢѸţҲԽԽ
ÿһޣγɵͶӰǸ߲΢һ֣Ȼһ󣬷ͶӰ磬Զ֮ǰĴҲӵ
ڡ
һҲڣȻ۾ɲǼ䣬ռ·𶼻ζһ¡
һת
оӿŵģǰδеİսȭͷ
ԴԴ֮Ȼͨ麣ͻͨڲӿգģȴԶ֮ǰҲǿ󵽳⡣
ԭе״ƣ֮Ϊǿ󣬳ɳռԶԭ
֮ǰʱɵֹǽһǰ㣬ȫ̥ǵı仯÷һո¾ĸд¶ޱȡ



1195 벽
ڵңǿ˺̶ֳȣ
૵ɹһ̣оǰδеǿ󣬷·սķǿߡ
֪һִ
һתɱ䣬ʵҲһԾܵ壬ڽƣĳɾͺͳɳռ䣬ĸ󣬶ϾͱǿޱȣԽ졣
ؽĵ޶һ޷һ
죬׾ܴﵽġ
ܿҲһתʵȴǰԶԶ硣
ȻĸۺޱȣԶܱܿȣͬľ磬Ҫ̫࣬ܺԼɳռҲˣɹҲоԼʵ˲Сı仯
ȴǺʵĳ
һ׼뿪⴦ռ䣬ĿĴɨȴǲɵһ
Ǻɫģ֮ǰԶԶ磬ٵһء
ɫʧ˴룬ĺˮʧϵ֦ҶҲһϲӰǶ֮ա
ڵ֮Ȼһ
λ˾ԨˣڵھԨⴿ֮Ȼܴ˵ص콾ϣӦҲ㲻
Ƿ֮ȴֱʧ˴롭
֮ԻˣΪ̫ǿԳĵľ磬ƿ켶ĵؼĵرʵҲﵽ۷壬Դ壬Ҫ֮ǿܣҪ֮ҲԶĵޡ
Цҡҡͷ
ԼԺҪԲף׼С
ڿе֮ȻͶӰգȴֱӽųȥ
ȼ֮㹻һתҪжת̣ȼȴ˺ܶࡣ
ȥʱξǽҲûҪٴνȥͲˡ
ξǽƺڼԼãļ᲻ɴݡ
ҲûٴνȥȤ
ڿյĵھԨ΢̫ٻ︡ǿҵĹ԰Ż⣬˷俪ȥ
ĻӶһ£оǰδеɡ
ɱ䣬÷ͬʱƿظĵر
ǰ̫ٻǷļޣڣǳһޡ
һâӿҲ켶ĵؼĵر
ͬʱƿؼĵرȴûаĸоࡣ
⣬ȻǼޡ
ڴӮĵؼĵرԼԪֺؼĵرҲһһ
âؼĵرڷǰ趯š
ֱʱһЩĸоȻǽӽ˴ļޡ
ͬʱƿؼĵرʹǷǸеޱȣûнγط󣬶ֱƿصǡ
Ȼ켶ĵؼĵرʣҲԶǰ
ڵʵѾļޣֻһ֮ң÷ȥظǾܴĵʮء
ط޷־õģΪûдʯʵֻάһʱ䣬ڣȴȫûһǣʹ÷󣬷Ҳ켫޵
˵ڵʵǰ벽졣
ڣһʹò켶ĵؼĵرǵؼĵرγطҵʵ죬ڵңӦܳ
طһɣԴﵽ졣
һ㡣
ǹؼڣܲܳס
ǰûж룬Ŷ˽⣬Լһת󣬷Կ϶ǰԼʹһУʵҲĳ̶ȣ֮Լ
Ԫֺ˵޷ܣôһ޾Զ޷ﵽ죬仰Ȼ˵˵ġ
淨÷һ򣬿ͬģܷɡ
ڣһת֮󣬷ȴģ׳һɣԼʵﵽ졣
ʵԷ
ʹǿĵؽ磬Ƶһλǿˣʸڵؽ翪ɣΪһԡ
ȵʱ˵ɡҡҡͷջ˼
ţ֪ȥ˶á
֮ʱҲ޷ʱţ֪ھԨȹ˶á
ʱܳĻ᲻ᱻΪ
ϳһ֮ǵս˭˭ӮûнھԨȻˣǷΪĻȻۡ
ֻѾպ˻ȥǷҪع飬ҲǼ鷳¡
뵽ɫ΢䣬һ̾Ϸȥ



1196 
Ԩ֮ǡ
պںվϵĳ֮Уɫѿȫֻ
뷽ھԨѾȥʮ졣
Σպⶼǵʮˣվ֮գ㻹ʲô˵Щ˵
ڵǳá
ճΪսʧܣ֪ɽˮ·һ壬ǰδеĴھԨ󣬾Ȼʧʮ죬֪
ǿھԨ϶ȵڰԨΣ౶ںλƫƫ޷Ԯ棬Ҳǲܡ
ˣǺʣʤ߾Ǻꡣ
ԣںպΣ
䣬ںеϧվû̫Ĺϵ黹أǶպ˵ȴ̣һ㡣
ǲΣҲʵ
ʧʮ죬ԨҪôãھԨ⣬Ҳ㹻ؼʮˣڻûֿ֪
պҲҲϲȥ
ûϣˣպһ˿ϣĿźں
ں̾ϢһǸھԨҲһ֪ĵط
պʺں˵ھԨܰȫΣô£ջǸ֮һ̾
ڣ漣ЦʮˣǷ͸ôãǵʧжن£ѽɡ
ߵĻǰһԴ΢΢ϵĽ֮ɫһš
ĳɼǵڰԨʮ
˾Ԩԭеļ¼
Ȼĳɼӱ̬ˣûκ壬Ǹŵ˵ġ
ʲô
ɼЬ䡣
µĻ
ϳ֮ǵˣȫˬҲֻ¸̣ȴı䲻ʵ
ڣǾͺˡ
һվڳбԵĵ̾Ϣźں汦ȡ˳͵˺ǰ̲ס̾ϢĿڰľԨȥ
ĶΣûһΣ漣
ȻһУȴƺЩһ
ǡ⡣һ㶣ԨĹâ͵صɴ۾⡭ˣھԨ档
ͻȻ󺰳˼㡣
һ󺰣˳еţúȥ汦͵һͣЩõüͷţʶԷ˼ͷ͵һ
~
պٶޱȣ˲Ԩ֮ǵıԵǺں
ʱھԨѵܡɫ䣬һҲǳ˳бԵ
ꡢ￵ˣȫٶȸ˹ȥ
˵Ŀ⼱͵Ԩȥ
һ㣬Ȼ䴳ǵ۽硣
ˣˡ
ÿٶȣô֮졣
˶ǴʧɫǸٶȣֱǿ쵽˷˼ĵزԶԶǵ
ڰԨһת۾ͱͻƣǵԨԨ
Ƿ
ţ̫ˡ
Ź㼱ӰҲ𽥳ǰϳ֮һȫ
Ҿ֪µģպʱ飬ȫ÷̩ݣǳ˲ιһ㣬ûһе졣
ߺͺ꣬ɫѿ˼㣬иǿ
û뵽ʧʮ죬Ȼһ鶼ûУҿٶȣʮǰ֪Ҫǿ١
ڵھԨʲôŻ˾˵ı仯
ں΢΢һЦǷǰ汦ٿȻת»ص
Դˣߺͺ죬޻˵
Ȼʮ֮ãûʽ˷ʱ֣Ȼ˵Ĺȥ
Ƭ̺
Ԩ֮ǱԵӰ
Ŀɨ䣬ԣΧʶĶǺһоļ¡
ãܺáպЦ
ʤʤǷںһӣ汦ʱ˷
ոջ£Ҳ÷Щ񣬲Ͼ˹Ľ汦
պĿߡ
ɫоȵѿ
ߡȻԸټȥһ̶ĥź뿪֮ʣȻعͷպЦһ
ǿ϶ǵ֣ҿԸ㣬һ㲻ʲôǧʢдʣΪӲ
֪ΪʲôźĴսӮȡ汦𣿡
Ժ츳ٹ϶һת༸汦Ҳֻܽʱѹһң
ΪʲôôҪúһת
ܿͻ֪Ĵ𰸡
ЦһҲûнͣźڴ͹âʧ
պһܿҡҡͷǲΣҲԺ飬ڣϳ֮ǵĻʱ̡



1197 ֮ǵ
Ǻһλ콾δǱԽԽãϾһȣȡ
ںվһԣȥʱ˵ĻҲС
ΪԨߣЩ֮֮ľûϵҲ²ؼû⣬Ҳûȥ롣
ϣˡպ˵ͷ
û뵽Ȼ˵ķ·ת̾˿սһۣҺյĽǺõġ
һüɫˣպҲ¶Цݡ
ûһ֮ǵˣǰҫ
ţȵȡں˵ͷڶоУĿ⳯ŷȥͻȻ͵סˡ
۾棬¶ŵ顣
ʲôպЩֵʵ
һתģȻһתں﷢˵ͺһץס˻ЩԺպϸڵ
ԣպҲסˣ˲Ϻںʧ̬æŷ˹ȥ
һ̣һ
ģպҲ޷š
ʱķǶе㿴͸ܺŻ֣ڷǰٶһ־Ӹµĸо޹ʵ̬ȣǴڵȼĲࡣ
ܣǴļ޺˸ߵ¾硣
ڣָоȴûʣ¶١
ôܣҴû˵ڵؽܣڵھԨʲôԵպ𾪵˼㡣
һ֮ǲһ꣬һתĽպ޷ġ
δؾͲܡںâ
⻰һ˵պҲ˼ؽܴЩǿԼ˵ֶΣһЩǿĽ֮ǡġ
ǵĵλ۽磬֪Ҳ
ڼھԨȻڣڽھԨʧʮ죬ôʮпȥˣڵھԨһתˣǾԨռĽ
ںһȻ
һǿҵĳ嶯ѯʷڵھԨͷϾͱǿаȥ
Ȼ߶֪ھԨ˵ﲻʸ󼰵ġ
óȻӴĻδؾͻһ£ر֡
ֻϧռ̫̫ѵõҲǣһ˶ܵõռҲԵֵ̫Ǯˡ֮󣬺ںЩԳ
պþ
ǸЦ滢֪һתȥǰ᲻˵Ļ֮ǰĻպЦ
ѣҪһúܣǷھˣǰ֪֪Ǻεȱ顣
룬պжǸеʤ⡣
Ȼ𾪣󣬵֪һ˵Ϣ
˷׷ǰط
ʱתۼڶ죬һʽ֮ա
˴ӸԵľ߳һ׼뿪
ںվڴԣ뿪
ĹâȻպ£һǰȥûâ֮У˲ʧ
غһھںʱ߽סˡ
ںǰƽ꣬вʤпԨ¼ڴǰţֽҿܡ
ھԨĳɼǰ޹ˣҲҪмˣ졭ϣзʷ۵һ졣ɫں˵Լĸ룬δػټĻᣬⷬҲǺںԷףڴ
ϾΣҲɵһת
л㶣ǱԼл⡣

Լᣬ侲Ҳѣױͷԡ
ھԨΣɹһתΣǰ޹˵ĳɼΡ
ҲǷڽ֮ǰˣʥ֮У⽾˵ĳɼҲԵͨˡ
ȻԷƱ
ؽ콾ޱȣһߵгãҲȸߵˣ˦ıӰԶԶ޷
ʣҽĿ꣬ɾֹڴ˰΢΢һЦ氵Լһ䡣
һ˴֮Уâӿתʧ
ò˶ãԭԨ֮ǣٴλָƽ·˳˯ȴһߵĵ

ع;УûȻص֮ǣպȲĽϢ˻ȥ
ʱϳ֮ǵĸ߲˼𶯡
֣ǿޱȵķʽͳμס
ԪֺΪһʹʸḱ֮λѡҲǽ֮ǵĸ߲㣬һʱյϢ
ʱܿڸۡơ
ӵϢԪֱֺİβסĿϲţ˶ݣһԵܿɵۣ֪Ԫֺжûôʧ̬ˡ
ǽκؽһΣ޷ȡ
úúãû뵽Ԫֺ˷ܵ˼㣬Щ״Ρ
ҲˣȻԷǳ֮ߣǺͷֳģԶԶ
Ԩǰ޹˵ļ¼ڵһʱһתĳɾͣԪֺ붼룬ȴˣò˵Ǹ漣˲ŵ漣
󣬷ĺճҲ档
Ԫֺ˷ܿϲͶӵ˼㡣
ɫ
ۡ˶ҴһڣȻ֪ԭ򣬵˭֪ڿ϶ͷϣ˭Ҳʱȥüͷ
û뵽һСˡޱȡ
ԪֺУԪֺѸ׳ϸı
ԷڵͷȻΪ
ߡ
һֲִĸо
֪ǿκź׼ȷӾԨͻһһóʩУҲģܴѹסԪֺ
һպӣ岻֣Ԩ֮ǵʱͻˡ
ǣû뵽Ȼ˵졭
ھԨĳɼ֪Ȼ֮ǣǳͼλעᱻִ֮£ʲôֽţʲôУѰ·ˡ
𣬽ı׼ȫңΣ׷
ϾԪֺϸԣجɡ
֮ϡ
Լλãƽ
ڽ֮ǵ£֪֪ʱľš
Ҳ⡣
緽ȥʲôìܣӹţֻҪȫԼ֮ǶòӣһѶѡ
κ֮£Ԫֺ˲ľ棬ţҲŬ˰ˡ
ϸ
ʼգûпȥʲô˽⵽ԼĴҲûȥԹı֮
ǣԪֺڽ֮ǵѾ棬ȴڵһ֮ӭж⡣
ﻹǰĵӣͳͳʧǴơ



1198 
պ˹֮ʱܵ˽֮ǵ¡ػӭ
ĳ棬ϳ֮ǼΪġ

ܸ˼Ҳˡ
ڣһ󾪺мʶϳͷļλΧˣǵһ
ӭӵ˲Ǻܶࡣ
ȫǽ֮ǵĸ߲㣬ǽʹһ𣬾λԷӡ
ԪֺȻڣʱŹ⣬ΧҲۼ˺Щʹ
ڽ֮Ǳ˼ʮ꣬йķ⣬ֱգü
￵Լλϣӣ֪֮ôΪʲô
ߣȻҲܺڶٶһЩԶý֮ӣ㣬ϳ֮ǵʷϣͷһ⡭
صĿ۷ֶԷƽ˿ûΪǰĳ涯ݣ̾Ϣ
ϣҲ
ϵˣѾպ£½ۡ
￵ͻȻվߵ˷ǰ
һͻأĶʱ˲˵Ŀ⣬ҲЩɻĿ˹
㣬ǣһҪԽ㣬֪ѣҲ֮꣬ұؽѪ￵ᶨơ
ҪʵԼԣǺεȼѡ
ķңңȣҪ׷ԽƱҪʮٱŬϣ
΢΢һ㶡
˵ʵλУؽ籾ϵĵһˣίʵûӡҪ˵Ļ޷Ǿǽ￵ΪƽУҪϳĶ֣Ƿȴûô
ڣǶиĹۡ
ҪԽңûôס΢΢һЦκս
￵˵ͷû˵ʲôתۡ
һԣйעչպ΢΢ͷҲ¶֮ɫ
Ҹϣϣġ
˵ʵ￵˽һ㣬Ҳû̫Ӽǵؽ֮ˣǷǿߣ὾Ҳûʲôֵġ
ʹӷΪ֣ҲûеƣǳԪ쿡
мĿܷʷۣ￵óǧٱŬ׷ϷĻ϶ܷҲôһãĿܣɹʡ
ϳ֮߳ˣҲ˼ɾ飬δĳɾԽߣǿԽ࣬ϳ֮˵аһ

ӭʽ󣬷»صԭס
ʹ֮ʲôµİţҲἱһʱոմ֮ػҲʮƣģλҲûжʣܿȥ
պλۼһ
أպΧûжˣŽԼĲй
ΪӭӳҲ棬֪ʵˡ
Ҫ룬˲ڳڣѾٶȸϻءո͵պϳ֮ǵĴ󹦳ҲԸ׵
ȻûϢǳӭӡոŵ
λĻպԻ
棬ش̬⣬ҪҲ˵ͨˡ
֮ǵĳײ뿪ѵǳʲô£պ΢ûʳ
εУȻ˷ôһλ콾˶󲻵ģȻˣϳ֮ǵĴң˵˼ǲϧһдۣ÷μǧʢᡣո
ǧѷĻᣬǲܴոҲ
պξԨĶӣĹϵȰ˵񣬾ͽˣԪֺǱҲᴫҲһ
λü䶼Щɫ
죬ǺҲǻ£ڣϳ֮Ǻпܽ˸һڣĴڲȥ϶ǰ
һ֮߾Ϳѡ뿪֮Ǽĳһ
ִҪߵĻǵϣǲܺġ
һᾡġպ˵ͷ
ȻҲϣߡ
ڿɹѡ㲻϶ࡣ
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һٶǰϳ֮ҲֹһλŵȻȲϷȴҲǹʶĿƵһ콾
ʱĽ֮ǳΪλ콾뿪ЩԷһŭ֮£תͶһ֮ǣ֮ǣҲλ콾Եʣԭϳ֮ǻв磬ѸԶĵز
μǧʢ£ɲֻϳ֮ǣѡкܶࡣ
ؽЩպ˸ӵĵģǵؽͬС



1199 
峿
һ˴˷˵ס
ӾԨ󣬲ǰغˣǷеЩƣ
ⲻϵƣǾϵġ
ص֮ǣŵһʽҲţھԨһĽʱһ䡣
ţ
洫Լʱüͷ¶һ˿ԥ֮ɫ
һʧڡ
ͬʱ
~
һƿ˷סĴţ߽Ժ
ЩһˣŮΪ׵ӺȻһλǿߡ
ӵĿʱ˹µĽһ飬·ѡһ㡣
Ƿ¶֮ɫ
ĵһȥǲ
УһݵǰһŷȵƼҼǻƼҿǵؽĴ˼ˣܿĸ񡣡
ƼҼǺһЦüЩԵãˣԺҾһˣǽзɣӽ𣬾͸лɣϷԸΪӣȻܼ̳лƼңֻҪֳɫƼҵĳ֮λȻһϯ֮ء
£常ǸǺȵ
üͷ΢壬ĪˣĿЩ⡣
ǵ˼Щˡ
һĽ󣬾ͻеؽǰ֮ˣȻҪ˫ͬеġ
νĻƼ֪֮Ϣ֪ĵһֲ˽Ҫȥ
汻İغˣ˻ƼҼ͸ߵĻеЦԷǡ
ǺεھԨǰδеĳɾͣȻǲ֪Ѿһתǰߣ;һĻƼġ
ۿޱ飬ûаܳ飬ûϴӦƼҼϵЦʧҲĲһ
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ǵ뷨УûУǵĿܣǻƼҿУҪϲˡ
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˵ʲôƼҼ͸߶һ㶣ЩԼĶ䡣
˵֪Ĵһ洫
˭ƼҼȻŭɫ˼㡣
ڽ֮ǣ⶯֣Ȼչ켶ǿߣһŭΧ˶ʱоһ·ǱĴʯѹƵģЩ
΢ܵҲ
籩ƣӻƼҼӿ˳һתʵǴﵽ˰벽죬ڻƼҼǰվվס
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ҵҪ˭ıӵһĳˡƼҼĮĿӷɨΧ
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콾һڣ·һ׺ͷʱƼҼǻŭɢһɶ¶֮ɫ
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콾ԣĳɾͲ
ֻҪ;䣬ҲܳΪһλ켶ķǿߣ˵أǸ衣
콾˵콾ƼҼ𾪵ûԼĲ
ӲмĿһۣЦһУʹ˾Ԩھأǰ޹˵ļ¼ѵһ콾
˵꣬ҲƼҼ
ȻҲ֪Լϣ󣬵һҪһԡɫҲǱߵİ׳ռ񡣡
鹬һλϣǵĹһλǿߣٶȸ֪ܷˣǣ
һԣƼҼ͸ߵˣȫɵˡ
鹬ĹǰǿߣͻƼҼһȼģԷȫٸɼԷӡ
ңȻǴԨ¼콾
ǻƼ治֪ǳԴʲôҩ
֮ǰԼ˵Ļ
ҪշΪӣ˵ʲôΪܣΪһλϻûġ
ȫһЦǼˣͰСĽɫ
˴ɫףƼҼǺ޲õһ죬ȥ



1200 ̫칬
غΧ棬ĿɿڴĿ̬չ
ȻƼ⼸е㲻״Ҳǳŷģ˵鹬ˡ
ǸմӾԨ
֪Ϣȥ󣬻иѶԷᡣ
Ƿɸп
Щˣ᲻ᱻؽĴУһδ֪Ȼͬʱؽķȴеģǰľ棬ɷѡǵؽѡ
Ȩڷ
ϳ֮ǵУطҲǵһܵˡ
˴βغĽ֡
鹬ĹǰطҵĻһӦһĽ
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֪Σӿŷоڴ
غΪܵ鹬ǿѾǼˣǣ֮£Ȼûнļ
ӵȴŷ֮ʱ
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طǿߣһģĿעûƼҼӸеǰδеѹ
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Ҫ֪֮ǵĳҲǰطˣ鹬ĹҲˡ
㣬ѵǡŷƽ˵ӣһһ˵е
Ǻǣһ¡һݳªӳ֣ǺԪֺԸĽʹ
켶ǿߣɽʹͬҲ˵ĹȥԶĳ֣û˶롣
ȴ˶һۣüͷ΢塣
λ̫칬ҹĹ˵˽ӵ
̫̫칬ƼҼݲɴ
ǵؽľްԣ⴦֮Уǵ֮ǿ˵У̫칬ĹǾطǿߣоŴֹÿһֹĹǰط
˵ǻƼˣʹ鹬Ӵ̫칬ǰǲֵһᡣ
һƼң̫칬ƿ
ƼҼŷˣѾĪ˻ˮҲѡ
ˣǿ㣬׼ȥ̫칬۷¶һЦݣ̫칬ǷԲǿܼ̫칬Ҳҡ
Ѿ˵һԣȻģǺ̫칬ûôӡ
Ŀ˷ϣ΢΢ͷ˾Ԩļ¼һתȷʵʸ񣬼̫칬
Ļг˲ɵȻƽҲɳϣɱ
ԣͷȥ¶˿ϲ֮ɫ
ѷߣļƲߡ
ֻҪˣôʹҫ貣ϳ֮ǶԣҲ꼻һ֣иԵƸı䣬ԪֺҪϸ֮λ롣
֮ǵ棬ʲôϵԪֺΪӵܡ
ǣ֪˷ɼͨԼϢ̫칬˽
̫칬ܾ˵ҲҾܾ
Ҿܾ
ϵЦݶʱס͵̧ͷ˼Ŀ
˵ʲôüͷ
˵Ҿܾ̫칬
ʹԷǰķǿߣҲûжٵӣҲţԷ̫޼ɵ
󵨡
ŭһɲǼ䣬˵ĸ֪Уؼ·ը޾ԣ˶ľһЩ־һˣһƨ˵ϣɫɷס
Ŀŷƺŷ籩ӿţҪй
ס֣֡պڳС
ĮĿ˶һۣת˽̫ỹ£е֮¡
˵꣬պɫֵǿб֮£˼ĪҪ˷ĺ󳾡
вңһ˿ɫպɫʱ΢䣬˼ȴûаЭ˼
ǰЩˣʹǿպҲԶǽĶ֣ƺ˼ɣûм

ڵؽ磬һѪܵĽѵ
ǧ֮ǣǵְ𣬾ѡκ˲ţĸǿȵֶΣ˼룬
ǰһзȴǹȻǴһ֮ǿдһλ콾
֮ǵҪȴŭ˷ˣʱλطֱڽ֮Ƕ֣󣬸һλطǿ߸㽫֮˸׳죬ȫ٣
һ£˵ؽ硣
ǿᣬҲΪ֪˽Ҳȷʵʱ
ʮطۣλطʣʮλطǿ߸Ϊڶ࣬·ڵؽ綼ǿĲ˼顣
˸߸ϵʥ⣬ûһܶԸ˷
ңҲû˻ôϾ²ؼ
Խ֮Ҫ˫ͬԭвڡ
ʥҲΪһ֮ǳ֣ϾʹǣҲҪһԭ򣬻ܽ£úýѵһ½֮ǡ
ڵؽ˶Ϊ½֮֮ҲΣ֮ʱ
ͻȻһ֣ɹԣһˣĿûܿϵ֡
ڵؽգתʧ
ȻһĻȴؽ硣
һλʥԳ֡
Ƽ䣬һķĨȥǿ߾䣬ӵؽ糹׳
Ӵ֮û˵Υ֮ǵԸԭ
̫칬֮ԶԶ磬ǿٽᣬҲĿ±ȷ



1201 ƽϢ
һʱ˵ĿⶼۼޱĽϡ
պȴ򶨣Ž
̫칬ǿҲԶ
֮ǵԭȻΥƬ̺󣬽ڣóеԷ
󣬽Ŀ˷ϣʵʡ
һΣԸ̫칬
Ҿܾ
ڽʻոճڣ̸˴𰸡
ѾҪǿպæڵľҲҡ
ߡ
һŭȣĶһĮĿŷţûгɳҲǺ壬ſ֮ͽע߲˶Զ;ļʷǳ󣬼ʹںڣ̫칬Ҫ
һݻ󣬽һʧ
ȥҲ·ȥѹϵһʯʱ
ǱǺˡ΢΢ҡͷ
Ծ˵һ˷飬ǷȴĿ֮£εܾʧԸ񣬱ȻǨŭϡ
ˣҲʮΡ
֮һ˻㱨ʱϣܸһĽ͡պ俴һʧǵĶһۣ
ۻ𣬶Ԫֺ֮ĶԹҲ֪һЩȻҲԷôԭ򣬿ⲻͻԭ¶
պĻһһĶʱ˹ȵס
̬ᷢչزҲǳԤϡ
ϵ֮Ǻǰ·ûܾأöֻӲͷƤǰȻ𣬵ֻҪߣڱס
Ȼһطһ̫칬ľްԥľܾȴö˷ִ磬Ʋɣ˷۱
ҲûᶾպҲҪ̫
ȻСǰˣڽ֮ǵʮ꣬ûǵ鷳ֻҪиΪɫı֣̫칬ҪǿҲκ㲻ãң㽫Ҳδػ̫칬κν
˵ͷ
ϸ˵̫칬ȷʵһѡһλطʣطλ֮ࡣ
Ȼֵķǳˣǰ޹˵ļ¼Ǹδ
;ĻЩɾͲκ塣
飬û˵׼ɳĹ̫ûܿ϶˵ԺһܷʷۣǸ԰ˡ
ˣźģܰѷߡ
ûκԥֱӾܾ
Ϊǿϲ⣬ҲΪиõѡ
ǧʢᣬؽǧ̨֮ͬӿ֣ؽ콾һԸ£÷ڴǳǧʢո¶ͷǵĻѡҲ࣬һ̫칬ܱȵġ

峿־磬ܿ
ۿ̫칬ԥľܾ鹬Ҳ֪ȤĲ֮£ڻƼˣͻˡ
̫칬ǰ֮ѶҲס׵š
һʱ䣬Ǳ徲
Уһܵģ￵
ĳɾȻԶ緽УȴҲһָģٴ֦зǰ￵Ҳίܾû
˷￵⣬ûһܵ
ҲϾǽ֮ǵĵڶ꣬ʽҲŹȥһΣû̫޵ı֣Ȼ˵ؽĿ⡣
һ㶼ڵ֮ʱ󲿷˵ǱɾչֵҲͲˡ
պʽݷ˷
λͼ˷ϣ
ϳ֮ǳսĿһıȻǲߣԱ㻹ԪֺĽ֮顣
ҲҪȿϳ֮ǵĳ⡣
һῼǵġ˵ȷʵϳ֮ǳս
պ˵ͷ˵ϣĳѾˣҪ֮ǵĳ⡣
޷÷⣬ô뿪Ҳ޻˵
պ󣬳˾ͻϻءպĴ£ҪȳԶᣬϣľǣҪӦĽ֮ǡ
һŵӦʵģ̾ʹӦ
ˣǷô£һ£ʱ̲סʵ
ǵúʱǽΪŭ̲סҪֽѵˣ˷ֺϵɱʱʧ
ǡպûҲʲôء
󣬷һ
Ͳµ֮ǵı²ڿֱ˰һһλʥ֡
µؽǧ֮ǣվŵģλʥֻһλʵǿޱȵʥ
ڽ֮ǵıպ֪ҲǺֻܶ࣬н֮ǵĳʸ֪һЩߡ



1202 
պ󣬷صס
Ȼպ飬÷һطᵽ֮Ǹõĸ֮ۡУܾˡ
ںЩĶģϳ֮óʲô
ЩҪȳܶᡣ
졣૵
ʱϳ֮ǵĳͽͷ̸˫޷һµĻδؾͲߡ
ʱ䣬Ҳ׼˷ѡ
ܷͳ̸£ҲԼļƻ
һԣ֮ػ󣬾ͻ׼ģΪһתۣȻѾһתҲģԼľ硣
ڵҪľڣˮɵ飬ڻһʱ䣬׼жת̡
Ȼ򲻴ܣһαһμѣҲ̫äĿ׷ٶȡ
ĵҪܵ˽⡣š
׽һ֮Щڽ֮ǵȨ޴ΪԽһЩ֮ǵҪطϵȵȣԪֺˣҲָ㡣
һʱ䣬ͽصϢ鱨ء
ؽǵ޵ʥأŵģԸ߲Ȼǳ۽硣

нظĴ΢ǰʱһ״ľʯǽ֮ǵơ
ʱ״ʯڣâҫۼ
âʹνظĴ
ڵһʽ֮Уųɼպݷʱλᣬ⵹Ȩ޷Χ֮ڡ
Ƿǳѵá
Уõλᣬ￵õһΣǰļεõһλᣬˣǿգɼҪõظĴǺεȵļѡ
ܿôҲλѣͨһͳ
λᣬǿõһΡѰ˼һ¡
ظ󣬵ΪĵرҪ켶ĵؼĵرĻҲܾṩҪʵ
²Լǰ벽죬ҲԼжϰˣңҲҪͨսƿ
һת֮
ļޣ˿ʱڣڵÿʱÿ̶ܸоڲϵ׳ʵš
Ҫƿغòõİ취ս

ظ
ź󣬷ظڲա
棬󡢵ظμ
ţǷ
һ룬̾ͱش˵صĺƺע⵽Ͼʱͬգڿǽֿ֮ȵ
һЩҪﵽƺϾͻ֪
һָظڵĳʱֳŷƺҲǲʤп
ظı֣ҲƵǾޣúƺȤôҲ벻ڵһУȻôı֡
ֳɾͣ붼롣
ĳɼ̫ˣӦǵõνظĴƺ˵ͷⷽ鱨ǲˣպͳҲ֪ͨ
ڿ׼õһˡ
һѡģǵظ죬һأǵظ죬죿ƺ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ԷѡܸȤ
ڸ߲εѡûпǣҪΪȥһ棬Ҫ֮㷽ʷǰеģоһתҲʵ̾ͻͻͽ
ҪһĹ̡
ƺΪڵʵһǰǿһЩǿ̫ࡣ
ظ죿ȻԴʮأĻ͵ظѶһģҪһЩ
ѡ񡣡
ƺ˺ƺеڴ˶Ƭ̵ĳȻڿն
󡣡ƺĿһ
ģȻա
ѡˡƺǺ⡣
ܿ죬̨͵ظ̨һֳͬ˼ؼ켶
ûκԥֱ߹˼򣬲ؼ
ڴվס
һǿޱȵĹâ𣬷ûУתʧ
죿
һĻƺ͵һǰĹӰ鿪ٿվϾ֮ɫ
û뵽ѡ񣬾Ȼ졣
ͬΪ죬ѶҪȵظĳ̫ˡ
ܷڵظĵʮأǲܴǰʮأã
һʧܣһá
ƺ˼飬Ϊǿ֪֮ͽˣôܴԨǰ޹˵ĳɾͣȻѡ죬˵һİա
ѵ˵
ƺоǺɫȵʧ̨Ϻ󣬲͵ѹһϾ͸λȥϢ



1203 ƹ
죿
ӵϢպһҲ룬̷ͷٶȸϵظ
պһˣĸ
ϵʱѾλˣߵӣҲǸյ
ƺĽȷûһλץס˺ƺڴѯʡ
ǣǣǧȷƺæͷΪ˵ֳռڵĳ
պˣ˹ȥ
Ӱֳĳģܶϸڶµǿġ
Ȼġһλһ
պҲǸɫ
죬ѶҪȵظ̫ˣһģֻطоԵİմȥλ˵ɲⷽô£֪䣬ҲҪȥ
˷һظĻᡣһҲҡҡͷ
ˣȻ÷
طļ𣬴죬ͨϣȷʵǳãǣǺϣպЩõĿһۣûҪ½ۡ
˵꣬պˣĿڷϡ
ڴ֮ɫ
Ǳ˵ĻλĿ𣬿Ƿڷϣպȴ¶ۡ
պĸоһ˼Ĵڣóȥ
ԨľĴɲ١
ΪûʲôǱڰ꿼з˼¼Ȼһ֮ǵ콾һҲΪ￵Ӯǰ޹˵ĳɾͣһת
أܼΪ
طܹȻ켶ô˵طµˣҲлᴳȥģȻɹļʷǳã
ļ£طҲֻһ֮ңƵǰ벽졣պ૵
塣
粻ʵ
Ѿһתƣܴ˾˵ĽôΪطҲָտɴˡ
쵽죬һǵǰ
ʷϣڽ֮ǵʱڣͻΪطˣ֮٣˵ͻƵĻ֮ˡ
Ӱ
ոոһλλȷϢαȫϢռڵķ

ı仯⡣
ҲԼ죬»ע⣬Ͼʱա
ںЩ
ռ󣬷ܿ˽˹򣬺͵ظͬС죬ͬҪʮأǳɹ
ĻʮԺҲʮһغʮء
ʼɡ
һǰĽŲΧĳʱ췭ظı仯
~
ŭ
ޱߵĴ֮ϣһµķ籩ΣƬƬĺ˱߸صĻϣ
վһµϣһµعңңԡ
Ĺµγ˿籩꣬ȴΡȻһ仯ûС
۹⣬һ۾ܿ粻Эĵط
ʵ̶ȣԶԶֻ磬˵ΪµĻþֻصķ˵ȴûκá
̫ٻ︡
~
һ̫ٻ𣬶ʱµϹâ㣬֮䶼
ɡ
ǰȥӭعߡ
һ̤ԷĹΧԭޱعâ

ͺУع̧֣ɲǼ䣬칲˴ӹµΧڿлһɫʸŷ͵ؼ
ţȻġɫ΢Щ˴󺣺ɱʵĴڣɢĵرϢӦúعʹõĵرйء
~
ǵصɫʸ£·ҪµƬÿһɫʸ̺ſֲ
޼֮
㿪һЩɫʸʹ޼̫֮ٻԽ˿ռ䣬ݺնɫʸϣնı鿪
µһζţϱɫʸһ޴ӡ
ɫʸӴг֣ԴԴ
Ĺʽ÷뵽˵ظʮصعߣҲǵصĹ÷ƣڱԱӲ㣬ᷴˣ֧ܿŲס
ǰĺعߣʵȻʮصλعߣҲ۷塣
Ҫ֪ڵظ죬󣬲ų۷ع߰죬һʼͳˡ
ɼߵĲ֮
һתǰȷʵҪһֽţڡһһŹâʱֳһɫСǵؼĵر
ڷͷתţ˷ɫʸڷɽַΧ󣬶ʱٶȴ󽵣ĳ͵һ𣬽һɫʸķ顣
أִ̫ٻһն̳˺عǰֲӿ˲佫촷ۡ



1204 ؿ
һˣɡ
ظڣպ˶Ǻһ͡
عߴһʼ۷壬ԽԽǿƺظߣݹϤ
ظʱʵӦҲ۷壬ܹĵһλعߣǣ뾭һսС
˵⻰ƺ˶٣ֲһ䡣
Ȼָһǰ
֮⣬ڵķȻͬ
ัպȥһ꣬Ҳֻ
պҡҡͷԷӡҲͺƺ࣬Ԩ֮ʼ᷿ݵľУչֳģҲ
һתɱ䣬Ȼ֮󣿡պ𾪡

ɱعߺǵصɫʸʧµҲԡ㣬Ȼһ£ָԭò
·عߵսһΡ
΢΢ҡͷعߵµĵطظͬûгһͨһؿĴ󣬶һɢ߲ʹâĺţۼںγһĻȣͨδ֪ڡ
ţ
ɫһûԥֱƲ߲ʺš
̶ŷǰȥһ˷ңԶĴһˣӵһµĲ֣ȴѸɢΪΡ
ܿ죬һµ۽ʧΧǺڳĴ󺣣֮⣬˸籩ϯ
ⳡϷ籩֪˶㡣
ûְĳڻζŷһս
ȻعߵʵڷСܺսȻջ
ǿ󣬲ƿظǿĵرͬʱҲĵرӳǿﵽļޣǳԽޡ
Д֮Դǿ׳
Ѿ޷ȣД֮ĲΣȻД֮Ĵ߶£ĵرӳǿ
Լ䣬·о˵һսԴԴϵӿ˳淢ǿ
õһصع߳Լǰаգƾ̫ٻ𣬾֮ܽնɱ
̣ƿظḶ́ͨսǱתΪʵΪá
~
֪˶á
ǰһӰźŵĿֳ
Ŀȥ
һϹµֻǰһµ
վں֮ϣĿƽŵڶµԽԽ
~
һź͹µײһתɢΣһ졣
Կڶصعڵ롣
ûκεԥ͵飬ںʱѾ״̬ڵѣǵ֮̾ͷ˹
ڶصعߵĹʽ͵һصعߴͬС죬ǿ
ͬ۷壬ȴԽǰһλعߡ
һΣûжɽǽӶ̫ٻ𣬺عսһ
ô£Եڶصعߣֻһĵر䵱ڵĸǿĿɿڴ
ʣԽع߻ԽԽǿǷΪȴǲ⡣
ȵȣʹĵرƺԭǿˡһλͻȻ˵
һæ˹ȥ
һ⣬ǹȻ֣λ˵ȻʹһĵرչֳʵȻڵһصʱ򣬻Ҫǿ
ڽպһз˾κˡ
λҲɫ졣
ȫһ۲գĿŹӰڵķ
ʮӺ󣬷һɱعߣ̤˳ֵĺţ뿪˵ڶµ
һսѵʱ䣬Ҫȵһö࣬ȫԸĻͿԽսûô
ĿģͨսԼ׵ƿ
ǰص;УĿζܽڶսĵʧĸоԴԴϵӿ
ţһƿء
أͬһµ
عߵʵҲ۷壬ȻҪǰλع߶Ҫǿ
սһʼ̫ٻ̸оĪѹûмڶø֧һʱٴζɽܿռϷ磬ھһ󣬽֮ɱ
ŹâӺϴǰһء
棬պȫʧ
ʱȻˣڴأͨعߵսڽдո˵ܷ񴳹سɹõһĵرǸİˡ
˴ظ޲Ϊ˵õĵر˻ΪһǿֶΡ
ϸĻռڣعߵĹʽȻȽϵ壬ȱٱ仯ĥսȻûʲôЧǽȴǼõѡ
ȻҪѧҲѡ
ϾظĻѵãݲ˷ѣҲδзôǱ˵ͨһսܴﵽͬĳɹҪˡ
֪ܴһءһλп
ǳŵõĵرȻҲںʱ䣬ʱ޵ģһʹͨҲκκô
ǱͲô÷ڸӲˡ
ţ
վںϣͻȻǰһ
ŷڴǱֵĺ򣬳ǰģǷĺĻá
Щ죬ΪĹؿںϵһµУ󺣣Щµڿ籩֮С
ֶӵĻڴ˵һ
٣ߵһʵ
ڵƽ򡭡
һЦ
ӶӵĻгƽĻ֮Уһֱŵ滺˵ľͻиʹ״̬»
˵߶ԴߵӰ
Ƕ˶ԡ
һ۾ܿռ䲻Эķȴ˿Ϊ״̬Լܽǰսĵʧ
Ƭ̺ڷǰ
˴˼ľ붼ԶɽԶǰ
֪أ¾ϡ
ȵײ˺ɢ΢Լٶȷ˺롣
Ĺء
عߵʵǰ֮ϣԽ졣
˵صĥ£ʵһεĻȫ̫ٻعߡ
ǣĹأȴ·硣
ҲûзڶֵĿѹ£ǱļʵѸţΪƿء
գȻƾһ̫ٻ𣬺عߴƽ֣ڶɽ󣬽֮˳ɱ
عߵµĵطź֣ܿŷǰһء
غ͵أǳĽ
ûи̫ܽĥĻᣬҶԷĹΧҲȫʹع߶Ļᡣ
أ˵ĵرأ˵ĵر
ؼĵرŶסѹصع߻ܡ
Ƶս÷Ҳеʮƣ
Һã߹ûϳ֣÷дϢĻᡣ
زϵĿ飬ȻѶȴľˣȴҲ÷ʵš



1205 Է
ĵر
ĵرˡ
պˣԽԽĵرʹһ⣬ȫ켶ĵؼĵرеĺɫԽԽǿҡ
˵ĵرԽԽá
һ켶ĵؼĵرȫʤü켶ĵؼĵر
ǣʱ̵ˣҲòϣʵĳԽ죬ڳ
һֻţѾ죬ڵʵ˵ǰ벽졣һλ
죬ʹԽ죬ҪΪ죬Ҳ쳣ļѡ
벽죬Ҳǿ
ģҲǿ˶٣ǿģҲǲһ㡣
Űɡһλ˵

ϡ
Ŀ˼
ԴԴϵٶȻζǰսģܸ׵Ļλعߡ
ڵڲϱƽޡ
ĵرޣгɳռģֻ̫ٻһĵرˡ
૵
Լ
ڷͬʱʹĵرͬʱ;磬Д֮Ĵ߶£ЩĵرҲܷӳԽ޵
ǣֳԽûƵġ
ڷĴ߶£ܳԽļޣȴ޷̫࣬ΪǱʣǿζŸҲԽ󣬾Ƿĵرӡһزĵرͻ鿪
Ȼڵӡʱǰ㼫ˣĵر᳹׷飬ҲĵرԵ˺ĵȼ͡
ĵرûгɳռģҲܣǷӳǿʵ
ֻ̫ٻԼߴӮĵرгɳռ䣬Ҳ÷ӳǿ
ҲǷǰһأ˸ĵرѶȸһأĵرٵԭ
̫ٻڷԽԽǿ
һĵرֵܵĵرĺ
ǿҲûм޵ģȵǱȫھͻȻֹ
أָо̫ٻѾӵĽӽ˼¡
ţˡ
ͻȻ̧ͷ
ֻһӴĺڷǰı¶һǡ
Χĺ򣬲ְı꣬ҲǷ羰续ǽ֮䡣
ء
΢΢˿վһĹؿôصѶȴҲûкôǱᱻ󻯵ѹե
߹ء
һ˺ϡ
룬µعߣڷ̤˲䣬Ŀ˹
ս˲䱬
ִ̫ٻӭȥ
һ֣ɫ΢䡣
߹صعʵȻﵽ˵ظʮصعߵĳ̶ȡ
ʱڶԷǰ֧Ƭ̾ͱɱʧܡ
ߣڵңɲһǰˡս㣬̫ٻ𱬷ǰδеܣعߡ
תۼ䣬˾ʹݱ
Ȼǣ¡Ƿ׷ױɫ
ƺɫ䣺ĵ߹أ͵ظʮ൱û뵽Ľ֮졣
Ҫ֪ڽ̫ٻ𰡣ɲȫʵϾǶ֮ǰĵر֮ࡣ
еĵرӦǿƺܴԽռ䡣һλĿڷе̫ٻϡ
սȷһ㡣
Խռ䣬Ӧĵر֮һȷʵǴռˡո
˶΢΢ͷ
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ĵرǶֶԽռ乥ˣҲһЩ
ʹõģȻǴ֮ļɣǴʱڵؽȶ֮Ŀռ£ȴûзӳܣԽռʱڵؽԽĿռҲ̣ܶȻĿ뵽֮ϡ
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ˣƺһλͻȻ뵽ʲô˺ߣжãĴʱ޾ͻ
⻰һ˲Щ
ǿ񣬿ŷʵȴˣڴһʵ
ʣһСʱƺ̻ش
һֱĬĬļʱ䡣
һСʱʱ̫ˡһλҡҡͷòĵرˡ
Ҳûʲôһ켶ĵرˣȻܳɳ켶Ҳûʲô˵ģʵڴеõջ񡣡һλ᲻õʵ޹ؽҪ
պû˵
ȻֻʣһСʱ뿴ܷ漣
ˡ
һ̫ٻ𣬽عߵĹ飬Ҳ
ѾоҲûԴԴϵӿ˵̫ٻķӣѾ˼¡
̫ٻĵȼֻĸǿ͵Ϊֹˡ
˷ôʱ䣬ĥĿҲﵽˡ
໹һСʱصʱ޾ͻ
ȫذɡ
ɫһĵرϸ˲䣬Ѹѹعߡ
ʮӺ󣬷һɱعߣںϣ˵ڰ˹ء
ڰ˹صعߣ֮߹صعʵǿ
ֱӶĵرӺ֮ɹɱ
ʼˣҲ֪ʱޣһɰڴһ١
ĵرˣû뵽ĵرļޡ
ȷڵھŹأֱӶĵرȫԸʱպѾ𾪵˵
ŷ̤ںϣǰʮء
ܴӱ˴пɫ
ǱΪȻǰ벽죬ǳԽĳ̶ȻǺܶ࣬ȻڿȴԶԶĳ
ò˶ãͻﵽˡһλɬ
ЩˣҲ찡
ô׾ͱ˸ϣг˸ӵζ
ս󣬷Ҳץʱ䣬״̬
֪˶ãȻѹ
֣ԽԽߣģѾԶԶ뿪˺档
ǡ
¶ɫͿ֮иֳһӴĵ졣
ʮصĵ죬Ȼһյڴ֮ϡ
е˼΢΢һЦ
սӺϱɿУǳı仯Ǳ仯һΣԷӰ죬ȻЧ
ֻصⷽ棬ίʵкܴơ
ʱ䲻ˡ
йâһȻڵߵھŹϣٶȣڸ·ʱ˷˲ʱ䡣
ʱʱ䣬ʣӡ
棬պҲ̾ϢʱҲΪɹͨصĿԼͼˡ
Ͼһء
֪һصع߱ȻҲǿģʵڶԷ֮ϣҪڻܣȴҲǾ޿ܡ
ѾǶˣܿϧı֣ȻޱȾޡһλ˶ۡ
ûΪϣΨһôΪģҲֻзԼˡ
ڵǵսһ˲䣬óȫ
ĵرǰ
һԼٶȸ֣һƣɵĵرϡ
һ̡
һ˿˿ԴϢЩĵرӿ
Ȼǵܣûз仯ȴȻĽȻͬ
~
Զعɱ˹ֲޱȵӿǰκһλعߡ
ɫȴûκζҡ
ǰĵر
ط
һӴط󣬳ڷ£ĵر䵱˷ǣ˲䣬â㣬ǵϢڴ˿һ壬ͨ˱Դ֮
·𿴵ޱ޼ʣ֪δڵıԴ֮ϣһССȱڣıԴӵӿ˷֮ڡ
Ĵ߶£طתĵر̽ڽ
Խ˼ޣȴû˼ǵĸ
ĵرһ壬ⲻļ򵥵ӣǱϵ
һ죬̫ٻִУܸоʱ̫ٻϣ˳Զļޡ
𡣡
ŷعߣӶ̫ٻ
~
һӴޱȵĹȻعûڣһ˲䣬ع߾ͻҷ𣬿ֲĹյϴʱ춼룬ӿ׹
ظڡ
պϻϧ֮ɫǽţͳɵˡ
ΪܶϾϣعߣһͱɱǿعߣȴһλ
ⲻܡǸ¶ۣΪɹĸʧ˴оѹ
պһ
ŹӰУǱĵ죬еһļ¡
һ֮оľв
ҲȫĿɿڴڷ⾪һ
ΪһϾ죬ܷǿǣǰ벽찡
һתʹﵽ̶ֳȡ
Ҹоôǰ׻ˡһλЦ
»Ϊģ졣ոҲ̲סЦ
һ֮ǿһЩ¾ˡ
ˣ죬Ҳֻʣһ롣
һ꣬졣պȻ
ĽǷǳ졣
Ǵˣڶת֮󣬲̤죬м侭ʱ䣬ͷĲֱԵơ
ֽܱҪ;䣬ĳɾͲոп
ˣ˭ʶһУõʲô淨һλͻȻ
ԣ˶һ£ҡҡͷ
ûϳʹõʲô
Ӧһŷ淨ܴĵرˡϷ׾ϲ淨һλȥΪϵĸ
ǼλλʶУҲһġ
淨УȻط󡭡ȻʹõĲط淨
ؽҲ˲ٷ淨һЩǴطġ
ʹõģеһš
ûΪʹõط
Ǿļʶ棬Ҳû˼ط󣬼ϷʹõģҲ汾ģȻϲҲǱ롣
λ
պͻȻڵ
Ḷ́Ѿ˳ˣ˷½Ǽ֪Ͻ⴫պĿɨˣ
ɫ΢Ҳ֪ϢȥĻļֵֻ
ϳ֮˵ʲô¡
ʱǵĴѶʯҲ΢΢ÿƺڣһ⣬ӵ˳ķ



1206 ͬھ
֮ǵĳ·Ҳ̫칬֮¶
ڶͨϢ̫칬ˣȻԷڽ֮Ƕ֣ɶҲһ鷳
ϸ˵û⣬Ͼǽ֮ǵְ
δؾͻô롣
ô˵Ҳ¸Ƿ˼ɻ䡣
֪Ϣڸϻ·ϵĳȻŭѣʹ˶Ҳȡ˽ѵβŻἰʱ´˷˲⴫
ڳ˶û顣
ǶǸڽ֮Ǹ߸ϵڳһˣǰԪֺʱôҲǵͷϣ˴˼ûͻǶǰ㣬޷Ԫֺ
෴ϳ֮ǣֻкô
ΨһһǸĺƺҲǸֻԼһĶֵأµˣԪֺҲûгԹ
û뵽û뵽Ȼͨһп˵עӷתصϡ
ǵԤϡ
Է츳Ӧûеʮһغ͵ʮذɣպһԵĺƺ
ǡ
ƺ̵ͷأ˭ܣ

ǽӽ
ɱعߣľһ𾪵ģպˣһ
Ͼ״ط
淨ǿ޷
ڵʵǰ벽죬ӦǼӽ֡лع΢׹ͷʱֹסû׹ĵһͬ󺣣ƾճֵĺϡ
ԷΪģȻֳһֱ׹£ںϸһӴĴͨ磬뿪ռ䣬ɹõһĵر
һ֮෴ֱգȻͨʮһء
վڷֲϣûмжܽһս
Ȼطγɵһ֮Կ϶ĲΡ
ɴ˿֪طǺε֮ǿ֮
ڻҲǲпԼ
Ҳй켶ĵˡ
Ľؾڵ˺켶ֻǰδܵʯŵӰ죬ƣĪ֡
⻷ֻ·Կʳ磬˺ûȫԸ
ǣһ÷ˡ
ʱܵǿ󣬵ڣ̣˺΢һ㣬ô˲ͻᱻɱٻֻ̨ĻᶼС
졣૵
ռĥ£ڵʵ͸մӵھԨǻ˳Ľ
죬ҲǲԶ
طˡ
ϧֻһ֮΢΢ҡͷµķڷǾһ󣬾Ѿʧ
ĵرҲָԭ
վǲطϾͻʧطĻܳһ
طĲҲֻһ
ȥһУҪ֮֮ϣûô򣬾طĵһɣǷȱһЩ
Ҳżڴ
ط󣬶ĻܱȻʵ棬ǳǿġ
˶񣬷ջ˼Ŀ
ʮһءȥǼûԥ̤ϵĺš
ŷŸ߿տٷȥ·һбԽԽС
ʮһأͬһյϣλñȵʮظߡ
һµعվڵϣȴŷ
ţ
յعߺ󣬷ɫʱһ䡣
졣
ʮһصعߣȻһλ졣
ʮرȫǲͬն̫ˡ
ɡ
ع鵭Įûйڷǵ̷֮˹
һ綾ߵĺӰعзɳ˲ͷɵ˷ǰ޼֮ĿԽռ䣬Ҳһ㡣
Ȼһʮֿµĵر
ɫ䡣
ĵرܣ̱˳ӭ˺Ӱ
~
ĵرת۾ͱɣִ̫ٻ𣬱Ӱݺײ棬˶ʱ׷ɳȥ
һ£;𵴣Ѫ
طһӽ졣
ƽ״̬£ûǰǿ˲ͱˡ
лᡣ
ûз죬һԽɱǶԷعߣһͶӰڣȴȱٱ仯͸˷ɳ֮ϾҲвԷ

عޱ飬ǺӰһδεĹŷѷǱԽԽء
~
һ죬һαɳȥһΣ˵ķ򣬺Ȼعڵλá
ʮӲӲյĶԷ·Ļᡣ
ڡ
âһű˴˵ľ롣
Ӱ׷ٶȺ֮ȴ˿Ϊĵرܣط˲֡
~
Ӱ壬˺ͬʱֲĹҲǺȻعû



1207 
ͬھ
պȻ𾪣Ҳǿܡ
ʮһصعߣʵ
ǣⲻܺᲢۣվǸͶӰ
ʮһصعߣҲǸո̤죬ǲȵ֣һ˶׽֮ܡ
ԷչֳʵûлɱعߵĿܣȻڱ˴˼ʵ࣬ҲѻͬھõĽ֡
ڽˡ
պ˿ʮһضסʵ̫˼ˣҪһأҪĿʵȻһЩ
£ʮһصҲ˳

֮ϣһӴۣڸгۡ
ڡ
һȳȵ棬ü䣬Щ֮ɫżǡ·ʲôֵ顣
ͻȻ
ɫһ۴Ѷʯ
ϢţǷȻ͵ʮһصعͬھ¶֮ɫ
ǿ츳˵̲ε־ͬսɡֱⷽȱƵϳ֮ʷɫ֮һ
̲ס̾
ϳ֮ǵγȫٸϻء
û˵ǽ֮ɫߣΪ֮Ǵڵʱ̫̫ãǧʷ˲űϳ֮ǳ̫ྪž޵
棬ûһ㣬ԨĵھأһϱȲ
ǣеΪɫսܣʵ֮ǿԽ׶սڻ£е죬һͽ֮߾磬ֻΪͶӰڴʹ֮ǿҲû̫෢ӵأеȴȻû̫ĿȻһһӡߵĸ߶ȡ
Щˣûзôȫ棬ĳһȴ֮츳ϳ֮ɫߡ
п˻ᣬƺ뵽ʲôϵЦȥ¶һ˿
֪ܲܶԸˡ

âһ̨ϡ
͵ظһģһعͬھҲǴ˵ʮһأӵѡĵرȨ
貵Ĺâ˷ǰ
ЩĵرǷѡġ
Ȼ켶ĵؼĵرǻгɳռ䣬ļ
ȴ⡣
̽⼸ĵر󣬷ѡһ
뿪֮
պҲ׷뿪֮£Ǵ۽硣
һЩˣպǣȴǸе硣
ûлǳڣȴѾ֮ǵˣֻʱûкͷӴ
ҲΪûйòʲôտڰ׻û壬Ұ»ӡ󷴵
ȴʱ䲻
ظ󣬹һ죬պ͵Űݷá
˻ˣǰȥ档պϲɫ
ˡ
Խ֮ǵλ֮ˣҲʶһ¡
ĵص㣬ڳҲǽ֮ǽ䱸ɭϵĵطպĴ£ȴǳͨ衣
ڳڣ˳
˹ȥ
ϳ֮ǵĳһλӣȳȣĿģ
һڳϣȴûи˴Ŀĸоһԣһµĸо·ǿ峿
ڿͬʱԷҲڴ
Ȼ֪Ĵڣ棬ǵһΡ
΢΢ͷĸоûκβҲʮ⡣
΢΢һ
֮ǵĳǰطԷûô⣬ȻǸоһѹȸУ̫칬Ľʱһ
ǴڵȼϵĲࡣ
ܳΪطҲߣǿ޷֮
ǽ֮ΨһİطķǡպһѵȻĻû˵꣬ͱһЦϡ
պɫ΢䡣
ڳϣЦüͷʱ
ҴԶĹ㲻᲻дɡңңȻﻹԶ

ǳķš
üͷ΢Է˵Ȼδ棬ܿǵλʵӦöȳ
û뵽Ȼʱ˹ҲԣϾɫЩѿ
Ȼ̺ͷһ£ԷȻˣҲܵû
Զǿͣ᲻ӭ
պ
һȥӭɡ˶٣˵Ǹ֣Ľ֮ǵĳ



1208
Ľ֮ǵĳ

˵֣պһĵڷˡ
֮ǣƽｻʱ򲢲࣬˵ԵˣͼȫȻҡ
ȻĽһλ֮ǵĳҲ㹻ͷˡ
һ֮𡣡˫üһҲµ˶Է⣬պͷۣǷȴᡣ
ĵֻ
ϳ֮ǣ뿪ΪԼȡ档
ߡ
ˣת۾͵˽֮⣬λȻûиʹ˹
ûеȴãֻһŵͣפڳķ޶Ǿʧ롣
һĿ˹ȥʱһɫӰԼٶƿն
ǡĿ΢
ֻɫӰѸٵ˽֮ǰһ֮İɫ³޾ǣʥĹӿš
ܿ侲
еԾΪһοǿޱȣͶɽأһĴûС
ҲǾȣ̸ǿ־塣
Ҫ˵ļ䶼̳һ֣ǿǴ˵Ȼᱻǰ켶İɫ嵽
Цϴ
Ůվ֮ϣӸµĿ˹Ϊ׵ɫۣӰζţá
ǿѹȸУϴȻҲһλط
԰硣һ
ӹһЦ´Ϸǰɫһϣתʧ
ǰǲŸջ棬㲻ȥĽ֮ǣʲôü
Ϊ⣬Ŀɨ漴˷ϡ
˵ϳ֮ǳһλ콾Ǿ͹
ŷ΢ЦǷɡ
һ
һʹ˾ԨĵھأһһתȷʵǷǳ˲𡣡
ЩµȽ֮棬ĳɾҲһָ
ͣͬļŮȴ¶˲ɫ
Ȼǳŷġ
΢һ˿ңԷĻȴϣ
ﲻ̸ĵطȥ
ٵĶ̫󣬲˶ƵƵעĿ
ԴˣȻ
һ˺ܿתƻ˳ԭ׼ͷ̸ȴĵϣȻЩȻҲõʱˡ
Լ״ӦϾµѡ񣬰Ҳֳ˶Է͡
˲˵ĿģҲûж˵ʲôϻֱӿżɽ˵⡣
һսϳ֮ǣĽ֮ǣ㲻ˣֻӲͷƤϡ
ԣɫʱһ
սһԵպ¶˾ɫûŪôһ¡
ô㻹û˵Щֵ
ҲŸոջҡҡͷ±׼˵ģȻҲûš
Ӧ֪֮ǰ뿪˽֮ǣңԼ֮ǵĳȥ˴󲿷֡
պ΢һ£뿪ǶԳ֮ǰͻȻ뿪²⣬ûһ֪ࡣ
ôһãԭֻһɫЩѿ֮ǵĳųһսٽ֮ǣһɫߡ
֮˴ˣһž޵ľ콾̾˿ֶʡ
λطĳһ˵ⳡս鶼ޱء
պд
˵֮ǣҪϳһĽ֮ǶǿҲ󣬲ǿҲޣͬһϡ
ͬһεĽ֮ǣ˴ɫߣʵȻв࣬Ҳ̫Զ
˵ս֮ˡ
ǺεȵĺǺεȵš
ˣԭպͻȻһھԨǰЩ
ǲ䣬ȴ˺Ľ͡
߶෽ѣźսĽ֮ǣΪúܣĿģҲΪӦԴ֮ǵսΪʤɡ
ǺǺεȾžޣ֮صļ¼Ƿͻϳ֮ǵ棬ҪھԨɨ䣬߶ģҪֶú꾡ɴӲг֮λ콾ǿ
ȻԷģͨ˽ںҲû
⡭ѵܾܾսԥ£պ̲ס
֮ǵսԽӣҲԲӣȻӻ𣬵ܱΪ˵̤ʯΪá
СȻҡͷ
һλͷҪλ콾ı֣ĶǲĽ֮ǣǱýսѾǴ
ɨ֮ǣһɹ֮Ǻλ콾ȻǿƲμǧʢ£֮Щ˾ֻΪʧܵıΪԷĵ׺
¶ղμǳǧʢ¡
ǣʹмΪɫı֣ս£Ҳᱻֲ٣ǵǰ;ʮֵĲ
зδؾûϣպ
ȴǿЦһ
֮ǵλһĵص޵׺ǲȾԨѶȸ֮أڵھŸ¾ʹ޵׺㣬ܣȵտ֮ʣ˵ʵѾﵽ졭
ЩϢûдǲ֪ò˶ãͻᴫǧ֮ˡ
ų˵ԷĽսպЩ¡
ԭΪ㹻ˣʹǧʢ϶ǳ֪ͣһλ콾Ϳµ̶ֳȣһĳɼȫ泬Խ˷
ôˣΪʲôȥ֮ǣպʧɫиõѡ񡣡
ʥӣֻ߸ĸǷʷִۣСõ֮ӵȵȣĳɼ֣ϾƲܱȵģʹڽ֮ǣҲڴһεĽ֮ǡ
ʵˣûʲôñԹġҡҡͷ
Ҳ΢΢˿
Ȼ֪ؽ綥ţµĳ񣬱Ͼǵʵ̫󣬿ô׾ðһɼȫ泬ԽԼˣҲ÷Ծ
Ҳͽ˰ˡ
Էսһʱ䣬ɲΪԼһԷڽǸո𲽡
ҲûҪԼԼ֮ǵǿҲֻһ㣬һսӮδ֪ɲϣһŪеˡ
ȷʵ˵һ֮ǵĺ꣬㡣ˣĿƵĿŷ
ԸĽ֮ǣҵ㾡ȫ㣬κˣΣ



1209 ô
ʲô˼ϳ֮ǵˡ
һڳˣʱסˡ
Ȱ֪ļֵ
Ͼֻ֪˾Ԩļ¼ͬʱһתȻȴ츳ˣʱʵҲǼΪӽ죬ʣһ֮ң
˲ǳе£нţҪߵĻϳ֮ǻǿвãҡҡͷû⳿Ļ
ʵҲˡ
ȻѡؽȻҲѡĽ֮ǡ
ԣüͷ˵ʵһ㶼̫칬ĵؽΪ֪򶯲˷ǳǧʢǸߵ㣬ûԸ
ǣĽ֮ǾͲһˣҵ㶼һģͿ˭źסˡ
һûóıҪ
Ҫ򶯷ͱóĺö
᳿ϼһֻҪԸĽ֮ǣԸó֮¡
ŷ׳Լջ
£ɫһ
Ȼһ淨ȴǴ淨ӽ淨Ķ淨ҪǣĽ֮µλʥ˵ڽ֮ǵʮڣ£ͻ֮Ϊͽ
ջ󣬿ûжܲΪ
Ҫ֪֮ǿϳֲεĽ֮ǣʥĿʹЩʮط۵ľްҲǲôۣûн֮ףҪһδǺε֮ѡ
Ȼ£ܳΪʥӣ֮ͨ·ѡĽ֮ǣ͵ѡޱȹδϳ֮Ҫƻ
΢΢
ʥӣ
ǲ֪ʥһ֣Ǻ洫ĻǾǰ;ˣʹǼӣҲô
ǰͷ֮λ̣ǧټƵģҪóΪʥӵĻᡣ
ԼˡЦһȻ̷תͶĽ֮ǣĽҶ̣Ľ֮ǵǲʥδ֪Ҳû֤Լġ
ңʥΣ
Ľ֮ǽ£淨̫̣ôҪɹȴ淨ףȫһߡ
νʥӣǾлˮ°ˡ
һЩѿ
µİܶģɣܷƳ淨ǰһ֡ȻóԼҵľѧһǴ
ڳ˵ûѧµָȴǱ̸ܶ

ûǿɫϳ֮ǲõѡֻҪԸõóģǾģ켶ĵر淨ṩӦ
淨ĵر
ϳ֮Ȼû淨ĵرϣһƵġ
һᾡܣɶתҲκθȵ
ת͵һ
ҲǳһŴҡͷʹתΣ粻ʵǰ漸תδؾͻʵʵķԾҪһĻ۹̡
תȥǻ淨ĵرĸãѸʵ
Ľ֮ǣ⣬淨ĵرѡǰƿصˣϣĽ֮ǻģϳ֮ǵġб˳һۡ
طóԼĳ⣬Ҳȷʵ÷Ķѡ
ѸȨһ¡
ĺôǸõ淨ĵرԼ£гΪʥӵĻģȻǿ϶翵ģɺܷƳһ淨ˡ
ˣ¾̴Ӧ
淨
ҪõĿԺãĽ֮δ˳ɹһԣΪ֮ͷ
Է˵ȴûô
е淨ȻȱȫҲ֮࣬Ҳ㣬Ȥȥģң淨Ҳδؾʺ
ϳ֮ߡ
Ķѡ
Ȼô˵ˣ֤кܴİգ÷ɶת˵ûˡ
ǼɣûһתĻãͼŶת̣ǵòʧġ
Ե˵Ҫġ
Ҳ÷ʵͻͽ
淨ĵرϵƣȫطһ淨㡣
ؽ磬һӴľϳ֮ǡ
ҲӦԪֺ
ֻҪ̫Ͳ뿪˵ʮĶˡ
䣬ܿ˾



1210
Ҫ
ŷĽ֮ǵײóʹһߣҲûһʸ㲻Ҫ˻ᡣ
ĳȷʵǺˣֻѾ˾
лǰ񰮡һ侲ҸԸϳ֮ǣҲֻܹˡ
⻰һʱ¶ϲɫպһĿϲ
Ȼ˾ҲͲǿˡϧҡҡͷôҲǰطһ֮ȻǲǷȱġ
ܱߣǽ֮ǵĹأΪ֮ǵĳȻΥ
ѾóԼĳ⣬ҲԼŬǲԸ⣬Ҳ޿κΡ
Ҿ͸ˣһټ
վƮȻȥ
Ƿ档ͷ
̫칬̳ˣǽǵǰԵᣬûóκκôһ̫칬Ƿϱĸ̬ȣô÷ͷ
ʼգûавĻܾҲûʲôԥС

ɫŰһ˿ȥ
Ƿǲ֪ôļŮУһӲ
Ľ֮εеٮٮߡ
£ûʸȴɵ÷߷߲ƽĻǼޡ
Լѡ񡣡
ǷţֵôһŮӺ
֪ǼͳǷʵˣߣ粻ʵȻһתʵǣҲδؾǿȥǰӵ
ҡҡͷû³ΪûǸҪûʲôʤ㣬Һĥµá
Ů¶ɫĻҲҷ
ⷽ½֮ˣûдʲôѪھԨô˵ĳɼ˵츳ԡ־ǳˣʵ;磬̫Զ
ȻȲϴ֮һλǾĻһδûһϣˣѾܾˣȥһ֮ǰɣ⣬ϧ꣬ʱҪǳ֣һˡ
ǡŮæӦǣս⣬ӣ͸սⲪиҰġ
ʲôд֮ǵˣ綼ҪҲڽ¡
ǳһĿǣܴ֮ܲţһĿľǣĥһǼˡ
ΪһսҲδѣࡣ

ͳܿԼ
ʹ죬ûôƾܣȻܻбĽ֮ǹѾˡ
Ľ֮ǣδػġϳĺãҲһóõԶǿĽ֮ǣȴδؿϷ
ʱ;˷ڴ۶ϣȷԼ
Կ϶ԼĵĻǻϳ֮ǣǳ˵̬ȣͲôõģԶ졣
ҪתȾҪһתﵽԲ֮
ҶתҲҪľڵľ硣
һģľ硣
ŷ΢Ц˵
һʯأʹ죬Ҳóޱȵ˳ۡ
ǡͷӦǡ
Ҳ׼ģгͬɸӵİȫЧҲԽߡ
պͬ£뿪˳
һ⣬֪ʣͻȻ˵
Ŷʲô⣿պ
һŵĳ֣Խ֮ôҪԥ£˳
⣬ҲԼ󣬷˳򣬶Լʮֲ
Ҫ
պԥ
Ӧ֪ؽǧ֮ǣпɽġ
˵ͷ𣬾ǽ֮ǱɽĶҲʥһ
֮Ԩ֮أԨ֮ǵĻʯɹʵ汦ЩóģԱĿɽ
ǣؽǧ֮ǣϳ֮ǣǧ֮棬һ㶼ۣ֮ǱĿɽƾʲôǴԴ
ǧ֮ǣѵһõԴһģ
޿ܡ
պ
֮ǿĽ֮޷ģޱȺ챦õ֮ءӵеԴʹǵؽһЩްȲϡ
ʹʥҪӣʷǿҪãῼЩĽ֮ǣΪһѡ񡣡
Ǳϳ֮ǣؤȴǻʵۡ
Ľ֮ǣ
ǧ֮Ǵʼ˵֮ǣ֮ǣȴǿһŵӿ֣˱ɽע⣬кԴԽŵ˾ͻõԽԴѭȥմһͨĽ֮ǣһԾΪ
Ľ֮ǵ£˵Ϊֹһλ콾õͷʹͣǲʥû֪ˡ
ô˵ĻӦףһλŶԽ֮ǵˣǧʢᣬ͸ǧѷĺûᡣ
һ˵׹
ھԨı֣ҲΪϳ֮ɫ٣ΪʲôȡһЩԴȽ϶ԣܹעģһǳս
ܻܡʹֻǶ֧һĽ֮ǣȡٺôպżϣ
ǴһսҲĿ⣬Ӱܹע̶ȣԶƾԨļ¼
һȫԸ˵ͷն˵
պĻж㡣
ϳ֮ǵõô˫Э飬ֻҪзõģȻģڷϣǧʢӮȡࡣ
˫ĺ£ǹӮ



1211 ģϣ
峿
վһƵĸ̨֮ϣ·Ĳ㽨ܿܿڽ紵½ǣһƮȻȥĸо
պվڷԣһûһš
վ֮ǽ֮ǵĹֻ̨мˣˡ
ʱѹҲ׼
Ҫˡип
̤֮Ҳжʱˣֱʱʽġ
ȻЩˣȴ޺ԾĲ˽⣬룬ֻԼǱ
麣ؽ磬ڴ͵ĹУ·ǿչ·֮ϣһ类Ժײһޱ޼ʵĺ֮У˵ؽ硣
ȥġ
ֻ֪һ
΢΢Щڴ
ûȥģɳԹ֪ӵؽȥĵѶȡ
ؽ磬Ҳһؾ֮С
ȥؾҲȥ򸽽ǸؾǶһͬ㣬ǶϾռ߲ͨͨռ䶼ޱȵļѡ
ؾΪʯţ򸽽ؾʲôԭ򣬷ö֪
ڵؽ磬ȴǷ֣ԼҪռ֮ڣȻҲЩѣǱǰؾڣȴҪó̫ˡ
ǣؽҲͬһ⣬Ǿǣ޷߲ͨ硣
ǵ޵ʥأҲ⡣
Ҫǰ߲磬Ǻ޿ܡ
ӦؾԵʡȻҪȥģҪؽʱһͨרŵĴˡ
պͷ˵ŻͻȻɫ΢ˡ
䣬һĨسڹ̨ϣȻӰ˳
պ΢΢
첻֪ʲô£ѹֲסϲ
ζ㣬Ϊĳɫ֣ϳ֮Ҳʹ͡ϲҲû
һλ콾ӽ֮ȻǵĹ͡
ԣһ
֮ǰʹպ֪ˣһλŶԽ֮ǵҪԣڶʱȻ򣬶ڳһʧľٶҲ˺Ľ͡
ҲǣԳİط˵ĸʲô׼Ҫ죬Ӧþڵȴһʹ͡
ʲôʹͣպһԣ¶֮ɫ
һ򣬻ǵķΧӴǿ˲šЦ
ǧ֮ǣиԵĽΧײԽ硣
ģ֪ǿܲ˵ӿֲţڽ֮Ƕԣ֮õĺ£ϵ֮ǵĸδ
ֻϧұΪʹһЩġ˷һۣЩǸ⡣
ʹһЩʵı϶ԥڷϣԲŻ죬ʹʲôȴ
ʹͽ򣬶ڽ֮˵ȻٺòԷ˵ͺˡ
ЦЦûô⡣
ȻûõҪģԷģһһİգɶתɫҲȷʵϳ֮ǿǷġ
߰ɡ
ڳĴ£һ˽
ؽ̫ؾڣҪӵؽȥ߲粢ס͵һ㷽֪
ԭ̫ؾ˵ͷؾ磬ԪҲС
ʱͨǿչ·ǿչ·Էתһʮ꿪һΣ硣
ȻȲʮôãֻͨ;ȥġ
ԪֺǵĽȻ뿪̫ãͨķصǣ;ĹģԶȲǿչ·ʱȴҪĶࡣ
ŷһߡ
ܶطǷûġ
ˣ֣֮ԺϾĻǿܵõһЩôͻȻ뵽ʲô˵һ䡣
ԽҲİ
κͨ¾뿪˽֮ǣһؽ
һ˵ŻһߣҲûһЩǰطҲתԵ޺Լ⣬ԷҲŲС档
ûã˾һϵĵǰƿţΧĳʱ˱仯һƬڰգޱ޼ʡ
Ϥĳ÷һֻص˾Ԩĸо
Ȼڰû֮Ԩͬ׺һſŵӴǳ˸Źâȫĺڰ

һȣһ̣оǰһһԭԶߵӴǳͻȻٷй
ѸٿǳҲǷٱ
ĳУӴǳռ۽ÿһĻ棬𺳡
Ŀùһײڲ˴ʱ򣬵ǰֳױȣǰĳСˡ



1212 ģ£
ûãǿӴǳͷɵ˷ǰͣڽ»תš
ţ
վӴǳϣͻȻɫһ
оˡ⡣
ǡ˵ͷ
Ӵǳɵǽʱϸо͸߲֮ϵȻ䱻ǿ
̫ؾȻǶϾǰ߲ĵ·ǣȴ޷Ͼ޺͸߲֮ϵֻ˿ϵǳ΢ͨ
ȻڣӴǳƺܼļǿ޺͸߲ϵʹòܱ˿ܡ
ĶҲһеģʱЩؽСҲͨԪֺ˻ˡ

ǰͻȻֳһɫ·
ڤ·ɫŵİ
ȥģȥ麣ķʽͬͨԨ֮еڤ·ǰⱾռڣӴǳϣȴԻ⡣
ųڤ·ҵæһԾϣ˳档
ΧһУʱ˴Ӵǳʧڤ·ģǺڰһƬޡ
ǰȥպ͸뿪ˡ
~
Լ䣬ˮ𣬷·𸽽˻ӿţȥȴûпκκһƬ
Ȼڤ·ϣȴоԼ·ڴܶǺˮһѹֵĸо
֪˶ãͻȻ䣬оһɣƺǴĳϣַ·ǴӺ˺ϣʿ޵ˮѸԶȥڤ·࣬ʼ޾ĺڰ
ûаŵĸоĺڰޱȵĴ⣬˰ġ
̫ؾ΢²⣬֮ǰľ뿪̫ؾڲġ
һϢĴ򿪣ͳ˹ȥ
Ǿģ
һܡ
ľģǾԨبŲĺڰûһڰһЩƺһĴûʲôͬ
ɽˮҲкɫ̫ľ
ȻͨԾѾһ˽ķȻ֪Ҫô룬ʹشˡ
˼ô֪
Σյһ߲硣
~
һ紵΢Ʈű˺Ļ꣬ɫ೾˴
ԭʮĳȴ÷ɫһ䡣
ߡ
ָһɲǼ䣬һСָ̫ϸɢǿҵĹâŷָ硣
̡
̫Ĺ£ѸʧĻ೾ҲΪҽȻҲʧڷе໥
һС̫ɱ켶µκǿߣֻܺһ΢ķ
ȻΣءӷ紵Ļе̱÷Ե
䣬ͻȻ¶ɫǰĵϣ˿һΡΡĳڷǰλƣǱʩʱٰ㣬Ѹٳɳ
תۼ䣬һһ˸ߵСƾճ֣ɢŨ
̾Ϊֹ
΢΢п
ھģ޴ڣΣҲ漣
ǰһ̣ǰٻţٵĳһ̣ܾͻΪ֮أûκڡ
վһԣûг֣ҲûѣŷԾӦĺܺãҲǵ˵ͷ
ڵĵط֮仯Ĳ̫ң˵ûʲôвھĵһЩط֮仯ֲУңҲΣաп
仹Ҫעĵıû麣ͻô࣬ÿһֻǿޱȣҲ쳣ĹŹֻ֣³ɳ飬ʹʵҲδػǶ֣ҪСġ
˵ͷ˽⵽ģĵıȷʵǷǳΣա
麣ǽǣھģҲƵĵطרпٳǽ֮֮ء˵ȥ֮硣
Ƚǰ߲磬ɸҪΪǰתھĽС
ؽھĻѵ˼Զܱȡ
֮ǣҲԼĵط
ûмǰ÷Ϥһ¾ĵĻ
ԷʵֻҪСһ㣬һҲΣգϾǳֵĵطΣճ̶Ȳߡ
Уŵ֮ȴһյȤûС
һתв֮ӡֻҪ֮ȼûгͲӰ쵽ʱʱ̿άͶӰҲĺô֮һ
߰ɡ
ϤĲˣһɫһâ֣˾˽ȥ



1213 ڰ½
ġ
һĴ½Ĺâ
һ̣ͳӰڴ档
ΧڵصӿǿϢڷͳĵǽ̧ͷһۣܿͲȤı۾
һ漴
͹ģ޲֪˵شڣȻҲʹõʸЩΣ벻ЩʹôˣԾĵвЩȻȱȱ
һΣһ۶ʱǰȷҲȥ۶ʱ½ȥ
ţָоɫ΢䣬һֺϤĸоǸոս½Լʱǰ㣬·ϣܸоǿϢӿţǿв
ѵ˵ⷽ½棬Ҳһֻ˵󺧡
˵
˷ĻžȻʧЦ
ˣǴǹҲѹֻд⡣΢Ц
⣿ȵ
ЦΪ˵ʲô·ĴǺʥᲢ۵ĳڣվ۷壬ĳڣΪԸȥػһССǣ
ǾһЦЦȴŲɡ

ϸ˼ĻҲòϣԷ˵Ĳ޵ǿǴ˵ﰡһǣʹһֻ˵
ڸ߲磬ʹǴ˵¶ܵų⣬ȻͨⷽԳµ麣ǹ޷һ£һֻ˵ĸԸ
ʵ۽ĿҲԽԽᵽ˵ʥĿ£۷ڣһЩ֪Ƭġ
ôһ£ʵ
˵ǳһЩ˵˯ǰꡢǧ꣬ܶ˶ôΪİɣΪڵ½£ôһֻ˵ߴ
ǣҿԸ㣬ʵˡ
½£ȷʵҲһֻǿߣǲǴ˵Ǵ˵ĺᣬ̳˴˵ѪȻʵԶ紫˵麣죬Ǵ´ģɢϢı͵
Ϊʹ˵һϵȥͱǴ˵½ɷǳЦ
·Ĵ½кڰ½Աһ߼СĴں½ЩƣǲҪԶڡ
ģҲǴ˵ȻҲǴ˵ĺᣬһֻĴ˵ﺡǡ
˵ĺǡ
һ
ĻŵǲԸⳣڴ˵ģֻȥĺǣܡ
˵ʬǺǻعأѡΪʲôںǡɻ
֪Ĳ
ҡҡͷɻĵףûʳ
Ҫȥĵطλںڰ½֮ϵĵԪǣȽǣԪǶԵ޵ҪԶԶ
۷һһҹһӴΰ۳ǳǰ
ǵԪǡ૵
̫۳ǣԪȻҲףҲ㲻ʲô
Ԫǵ˺ܶ࣬ȫǵޡ
Ǽõľ֮ٶ֮Զҵĵطǽ֮ǻǵؽĴֻҪнʸ񣬶˵
΢΢ͷ
ĵΣգѾйᣬһĵطӦĵΣԲ㣬Ҫͬʱ֮磬±룬һ붼ûС
Ԫĵطȫǲûɵģټϻ֮Ч֪
Ҳֻеؽ磬ֱʡ
ͳ˽Ԫǵ棬ע⵽ſûʲôȴһĻסſڣȻҪȥҲûôס
ڷǰ棬һЩģֵʱ͵ҧҧͷ͵س˹Ļ
ȻĻʱȴûǰЩһ谭Ĵײһºʵĳǽ棬ײͷۻ
һɻصġȺУһм𣬶ӳ˳
ԪĵطΪ𣿰ﵱʲôЦ
ۿĻжʱ˲ʺͷŭ
ΪʲôΪʲô˲ҪҵȡҲҲӴ
ûеԪߣһŽֹǡ
һĮӳڴ˳ȻϷȻвݡ
ߡ
һֻȻ˹Ļӣֻǰʧȥ㣬¶־֮ɫץסһ˦ʱӰ
״һ
ӵʵɲȻһλ죬ڶԷǰȴ㷴ûС
˵ʵҲǰط
üǣ˵˼ҪԪܽǣɷԪֶŸոţС
šʱݹһڵơ
ǣһ˲²⡣
Ԫ
ȻϣǱĵԪסⲻ۵ƣ԰



1214 Ԫ
Ⱥǰӿȥһһǡ
ֵʱѧųӣִŵԪ˻ΣǰĹĻģ谭Ĵ˹ȥ˵Ԫǡ
عͷ۳ŸﴣһƵĸȻ֮ǰֵǿߣڴ˴
㿴ӵǲЩ֡Ц
˵ĻԳݣ϶ǲôᣬӷȻⷽûѯʣ˵
Ԫǵ׼Ҫ󣬷ǳĸߣϾҪھĽôһǳѶȼΪˣ޳Ϊ˷񣬵ؽЩСõԪĿԼͣ˵ˣЩҲҪСĴۣܵõһ飬ҳеԪޣھͻջػȡ
΢΢ͷ
ԪǵˣȷʵҲûбҪ˽ؽڼƣľҲʤҪûκż˭Ԫǣǻˡ
طҲǵؽһԣǣûнǵʸ
ɴҲԿѡһõǺεҪ
֮أʵ
ǵЩ⣬ϣǧ֮Ƕнʸ񣬲ͬĽ֮ǣԪҲͬһЩֻ֮һԪĽ֮ǣԪǧ㡣
ϳ֮ǣԭĵԪ飬ΪĳɫӦûһ顣΢Ц
ĸˡ
Ԫʵ̫ˣʹҪţҲ׽ߣҳڵǿߣҲҪĻ磬Ҳȫϡ
ֻҪԪԽ࣬ӿֵҲԽ࣬ý֮ԽԽ׳
ϾųɳҲҪԴġ
顣ɫ΢ϳ֮ǣܹҲԪԼͳеˣ˵ܴӵԪȡһ飬һ
һԣ֮˲ţʹеԪҲȫһϡ
ЩֻһԪĽ֮ǣ͸ˡ
ҲǲòʹһʱóԪ￵ԼˡȻΪĳɫʹõԪʱ϶ġ
ڣȻеԪãͿԷĵʹãõˡ
һߣһ߽ŵԪǵ
ܵ˵ԪڻǺƽ͵ġ
ˣΪǿʤǸ߲磬ͣʱޣ˭Ҳ˷ڵԪǵʱ䡣
ϵ˲٣Դˣ⡣
Щ֮ǣһЩؽ붼ὫԼҵ͹ץʱ˶Ǻġ
һ·ȥ϶ӿǿϢ˲Ŀ
ȥȡԪɡŷһֺԲνǰרŷַԪڡ
Ŀռǳ󣬲˵Ǻ٣ϡϡġ
ףǡϳ֮ǵĳһд̨ǰһعͷͳ˸棬
֮ǵĳҲһҲϳ˶Է
˶ǽ֮ǵĳǵطΧңԶƽûκν˴Ҳֻһ֮Ե
˵ϳ֮ǣڱ֮ս֮ڡ¶һЦݣ۷ˣصĶ󡣡
α֮սĽ֮ǣֻ٣֮ȴǲС
ԣվһŮȹʱĻҲЩĿ˷ۡ
ЦЦĬ
ĿǣЩ֣һ˵˲ࡣ
ҪôǽԪҪôȡµĵԪӳԪʹʱޡ
Ԫʹʱ޶вͬеıȽ϶̣еıȽϳ֮ǣеĵԪʹúܳʱ䡣
֮ǵĵԪ뵽ڣϰ֮á
ÿ֮ǵĵԪʱ޶ͬϳ֮ǵʱ޾͵Ҳδ֪
һֿܡ
֮ʵ̫ÿ£ôԭĵԪҲᱻջأΪͷ
뵽¶Щζ֮ɫЩ棬ϳ֮Ԫģڡ
ǣĻشȴһ
ȡµĵԪġ
ʲôһĿ˷Խ֮ǵĶλҪõµĵԪֻһֿܣǴ˷˼֪
һţԶý֮ǵõµĵԪ
һתѹ֡ڷһ٣׹𾪹ܿ侲ָ˴ݡ
ӣֵԾˡ
׵ضĻô򶨣Ͼ콾ͬν֮ǵʷϣǷëǵģܳһƷ
ͦɵġ¶һЦݣ̬ȴƽ֮ǰֵ䲻ԣٶЩӸµζ
Ӵ̨ڣһŮվĽһԪݵǰˣĵԪ
ĿȥΪ֮һ
۹⣬һ۾ܿһոµĵԪ
ʶԵİȹŮ
Ǻǣ֮ǵҲγһλ콾ڵһУҲһת֮ǵõ˵ĿԪ΢Ц
ΪİȹŮЩ䣬ʱԴ΢΢ʹʾǫѷ
һһתģһ˰ȹŮһۣԷϵϢȴôǿ
ϴ֮ǵһλǵˡ
һ˲űָ侲̲סп
ʵҲˡ
ÿһǧʢľٰ죬ӿ֣ڵؽʷϣҲһƽʱ
Ľ֮ǣֲ֪ж콾֡



1215 ϣ
ȡµĵԪҲûκ⣬˳ľõϳ֮ǵĵԪ
֮ǵˣȻû뿪Աߵһᡣ
ǽ׼ȥɣͬУ΢Ц顣
ɫ΢
ͬǼ٣Ŀģ»Ǵ̽ԷʵϾ֮ǰ֪λ֮ǵĳ˴˺İֻһ֮ԵǸûҪȴ˵ͬˡ
֮֮䣬žϵ
Ȼһǳս֮ǲУǧʢᣬ˫ȴɱĻʱ򣬶˽һЩԷϢҲǺõġ
ܿĿģⲻ֪˶õȻǶϤ飬֪̾˶ԷĿġ
ûоܾͬе顣
ǰȹŮӣֺγĴء
λطǸ˼̽ڱ˴˶£ûֵٺô
һţٶǰȹŮӣҲһЩ˽⡣
ȹŮԵؽһ壬ط͵֮ǣҲΪܵõõһδ
֮ǣһĵص㣬һ;Ԩͬһε֮ء
ʼͱֳ˼侪˵츳ӵĸӣһɳ֮صļ¼տ˵ʱ򣬳ɹһת
ľǺͷ޼
Ϣȴǲ죬óš
ͬʱڷһЩϢҲ֪֪Ǵӵؽ֮ʱ̲ס࿴˷ۡ
ûдѪȴ˽˵ĳɾͣ𣬱Ȼޱǿ졣
ܿҡҡͷ
Ļ׵ĳ֡
ͬû͸¶̫ڷϢ
УЩġ
ϿȥͷͬʱܣӦ޼ӿ÷
Ͼص֮Ǻ̾ʹ죬Һʵعƴͬھʵм
ˡ
ͬУܿ͸ϵĿĵء
ԣ̧ͷȥвɸɫ
ǵĿĵأ֮ǵԪר֮ء
־֪ӦһǰʲôһӴĻֺ깬
Ҳ¶ɻ֮ɫ
Ǻǣǽȥ֪ˡЦ
ڣͬһĻ·ִԪȴǳͨĴ˹ȥ
Ŀռǳ󣬶вˣĿĹˣûпĴڣҲûиоа֮
һ¿һΣʱѡ˳Ĭ£ʮ죬ǿ֮ڡ
Ȼԭﻹһڰˡ
Ҫʮ죬ν
ڵԪǣǲ࣬ܵĵų⣬˵ʮҲν
ڵʵս麣ʱ֪ǿ˶ٱʹûվĵ֮ھͣʱ䣬ҪԶһزڻ¡
ѡһ䣬ĵȴ
½˽빬в֮ǵˣͳϤк˳̽һ
ţǺꡣĿ΢һɫ۵ߺ棬˽
һ֮ǵ콾ꡣ
ˣһ֮ǵĳˡ
ߺһЩ˴кĿһת˳ͷͬʱҲ˹ͫ׶ʱһ
ǻԥ£ź˹


ƤЦⲻЦĴ˸кĿڿн档
Ƿ߿˷һۣĿлһ
΢΢һ
Ȼ֪ԷԼ˳ۣϣ˿ʵ
ȷʵе츳ھԨӮ˺꣬һʱȴʲô˭Ц棬δ֪ߵ
Ϊͳ˷
Ǻǣ˾ˣõŲǵɱĺ꣬Ь䡣ЦһǾӸµĿȻΪʧܲȻˬ˵Ҳ
۾Ŀڷͺɨ˼ء
ǻߣɫֱӳлӿ䶢ų
˵Ķţʱ˲˵Ŀ⣬ǻλط͸Ŀ
Ƿ
ڵһһת
һЩ֮ǵˣϳ˷Ϣܷסһת£ʹ˳ȥ
ЩСĽ֮ĿȫĽЩǿĽ֮ǣȴô⡣
ûǸȹŮӣ֮ǵˣ˵Ҳڵһһת
˵εУ˺һЩǰ콾˾֮
ܿҲϳ
Ŀ⣬ʱƵƵڷϡ
֮ǵˡڣͻȻһͺţ˵ĿⶼǲԼͬڡ
֮ǵʵ̫ˡ
ŵĳͻ͵һڡ



1216 £
֮ǡ
Ŀ΢ȥֻӰ
ܿ죬¶ɫ
һ϶٣Ϊ׵߲˵϶Ǵ֮ǵĴ÷еֵǣ߸ĸо̫ǿ
ⲻ˵Է磬ǲЩط㣬趯֣˸о˴˼ǵľ޴ࡣ
أȻֻһλطһҵԼеֵԵɡ
Ϊ׵ߣȻǰطһλǿߡ
֮ǣǺϳ֮ͬһεĵط֮Ĳ಻̫󣬰طǿߣ϶ֻһλҲǳ
߲ǰطôʣԲǳ
иɻ
֮ǵλ콾ǺεǰԪֻһλУ
һɻ󣬷ˣλӣеһЩţڵĿעʱʶӣ˰벽ܿͷӦ˹ɫֱͦӣȻٸ˵ĸо
ˣȻλ콾
һӣӢͶǿҵţ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳûа㵨ӣŵĸ߰Ͳмһˡ
λ콾
ɻ󣬲ǷϤˣðͷ
ûٿߣüͷ΢΢𣺡Ȼһתûǡ
Ӣ꣬ͬһת
ǣӵ˽һλ˲²͸ô¡
Ҳ޷ȷӢǴ˵еˣϾ֮ǳôһλ콾ﻹĺúõģֻ֪˵ĴڣǾòΣȴö֪
ⲻ˾𣿡
۾һУڿӢ󣬲ɾһ
ʶͻ߶һ㶡
˵ͷпˣΪˣ˾ҽ֮ɫߣû뵽Ȼܵ˴֮ǡ
ҽ֮ǣϳ֮ͬǼңԶϵ֮ǣýϽҲϤ
˾ˣԭҽ֮ǣͬǾžޣڵһһת
һλƽʱʮ꣬꣬Ҳһðȴ˲١п
Ļˡ
˾껣Ǳ֮Ǹߵġ
ǰĴ֮ǣ»ûǳһλ콾õĺôҲ࣬ţ˵Ҳ
˵ģǵԪ֮ǵõģ¶Ҫϳ֮ǡ
һ㣬ֻҪǰ֪ˣһλӣȻǴ֮ǵȫ
ͽһҧгݵӲԶ
˵Ŀȥֻһ۵ߣϳ˷ߺ޺Ͳʡ
ҽ֮ǵĳ
Ȼ
ϣߣλеĲʿ֪Ȼڽ֮ǵĹҲ޿κΣ˭òĺôء
иҲѣҺ˷ҽ֮ǵĳѵˡ
˾𡣡ų˵ĶԻס֡
ȻˣҲʧȥȤĿջʱ򣬷΢΢һһ˿ԥ֮ɫȴ֪ô¡
ͻ֮ĶţΪ֮ǵĵҲǱϡ
һߴźȥ
ʱڵˣҲ֪˾껲ˣһЩ˶ʱʧȥȤȻҲ˶ˣһĽ֮ǣܳһ˾껣֮ˡ
֮ǣҪĽడ˵һˣ˾껣Ǿޱȡ˷˾̾
˵ĿУ˾ưĿĹˣڷʱͻȻһ٣¶ϲ⣬ע⵽˾껵Ŀ⣬ϣϵĲԥ֮ɫȴԽŨ
һĻˣ˾ԭҽ֮ǣ֮ǲԶ˫֮
ϲð֮ˣҲȥᡣ
˾ȣջû߹ڸĴ£һ䡣
˹ǲˡͻȻǿҵĽ
ԪȻǼõ֮أǣõġ
Ľ֮ǣеԴҲãԶ󣬲һҪԪǣ֮ǿ϶ǵõ˼ΪĽϣЧڵԪҪãŲˡ
ʮʱ䣬תۼ
Ҫˡ
һȻ䣬һ仯Ϣķ
ԭǺǽڣȻһ̣ͻȻ䷢ı仯·ǱλӰ㣬Ѹٱ͸
ǿҵĹâԼ֮ϢӹΧȻϯ˽
ͻȻĴ仯֪⣬˶ʱһ
͵һ𣬸оڿе֮档
λãһ䣬빬ԵԶʱĿ˱仯ȫ̡
ΧȻǴԭĹʧ֣Լһ޴ƽ̨ϣԭĵ棬棬һ޼ʵӴλں档
֮ںϣ棬˻̩
ģȻǾĵ֮
޾֮ڻڴ˵أγһ
ֳ޷ġ
ͷ𣬸оǿҵ𺳣ȻԾģǱġ
ָָԶ
ǡȥȻ׼Ȼ֮С
ֻңԶĺϣһӴٲӸ߲ɲʴԴԴϵע뵽֮У·ǾӴ˼䣬ӿŵģ޷֮
ʹǸԶԶģϡܸоء磬ϵ

һԱߵҲǿҵ𺳡


1217 ֮ĵȼ
߲֮һֱĪģǹĻ
յ֮ЩΪԾģ麣ߵ죬֮ԽԾյҲࡣ
ȻٶҲȲǰ
޷֮ڻǰγһж󣬿֪
š̲סп
ǺǣعɣԪǵ㲻ʲô΢ЦԷķӦһ㶼е⡣
һμʱ򣬱ֵĲ˺õȥ
Ѿץʱɣ˵һЩҪעĵطɫ
ǡæЩǾ顣
ҲˣһӴٲڻǿ֮ҲǼΣգʵ㣬ͲҪΣճ̶ȣԽԽΣգڵλãڱԵشܰȫǰߣΣҲԽߣҪУѡʵĵص֮Ҫա֣ص˵
ˣ֪ΣգóȻ뼫֪
˵ͷ
ȻķǳңԶȻܸоٲ̺ϵ
֮޺ġ
麣ͻ죬յǻԾ֮ԶܺȣȻаΣա
ﲻһ
ԱߵҲڵ
Σգ̫ʲô³Щʵ
ԣи֮ɫ
ʲô³ٺ٣֮ĳڣһССıӲȥĶȻصһ
Ļһʱ˸
¶õ³
ǻС
Ȼ֮һԲ䣺ͬȣ֮ĵȼͬԽ֮ĵȼҲԽߡ
һ㣬ҲҶ˵޷̫߼֮Ҳ²ȥ֮֮ĵȼ࣬˲Խ׳ذ벽
֮ҲǷֵȼ
⣬һǿĸ
һޣյ֮ȼԽߣôԽǿ츳ҲԽߡ
ֳܹ֮Щȼ룬ѯʵ
Ȼؽ磬Ѿһʱˣ󲿷ʱ䣬ϣҲҹ֮ĵȼ֣ɶɲꡣ
⣬ˣˣȻᣬҲ֪Լյ֮ʲôεġ
Ǻ֣Ҳ֪½硣
ڵ޵˽⣬Ȼؽϵͳ˵ǷˣҲȫ˽⡣
ʱ½˽ȴǲĿţάһ죬ȫûҪһʱ
֮ĵرΪŵȣͬģ֮ҲǷֳɾżɤӣ͵
ڽͨӴ߲֮󣬾Ϳʼ֮նǿ֮½ĻԼʼ½ܱأһϣѪĵ޾ռ˼ıˣѪеӡǵĻʵޱȣҲռΪߵȵ֮
յģǰ֮ô޵ĳɾͿ֪ľҲ޷룬ʵСޱȡ
֮ڸ߲УҲΪԵġ
ѪĵޣѪʵ̫ϡѪеӡпˣڽͨ󣬶յļ֮ͻƵľ
ĬȻ
ǴѪǿԶġ
ļ֮ո˱ԵλãǷǳС
弶͵֮ʮǿˣ֮ĵޣ츳Ҳ׿Խ֮ǵ֮յĵޣڵؽ綼ƵţĻܳΪطһͬ￵ȻеǷѪѪ̫ϡˣյ֮ǵ֮
ǡ۷
нյĳɾͣյĶǵ߼֮
һܹؼ֣ĵر棬ߵĵرʥͬģ֮棬߼֮ҲһʵķԾ
߼֮Ѿǳ˸߲ıԴ
յ߼֮ˣƵһ콾ط󲿷ֶֹڴˡ
һ΢΢ͷ
յ߼֮ĵޣޣűʵǰôԣŲܣյ֮ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ⣬ͻչֳ
Ϊʲôܺ󣬵޻ĸǿ󣬾Ϊ֮֮ĺ͵޵Ѫϣǵǿʼǰ濴ȥ֮ʵϣ壬֮֮ûںϡ
Ǹزǰ֮ĵޣǰվվȣ֮ȼĲ𣬴Ĵڵȼĸߵ͡
ǣ֮ԻڳǰеѹΪ߾ܣ֮뵽ѪУչֳѹ
￵һλǿ߳εʱλǿû￵Ȼ·ĩһ㣬Ϊԭ
ип
ܵḶ́Ҳ֮ĴḶ́Ӧͬʱչֳǵıʡ
߼֮գΪҵĸʵ뻹ǻ֮ԵʣǣѪˡ
۷ҲЩ塣
үүطյҲǵ֮ˣյ˵һѪѾЩ΢ˣϾѪһݼĹ̡
ĸף֮յʮǿճֻյ弶֮ˡ
ȻѪȴǲ˱죬Խĸףүүյ߼֮ӣѪ棬ʮֺġ
ΣнյĳɾͣѪռ˺ܴıأûдѪյ߼֮ⲻò
յ֮Īǵڰ˼գգ۾Щʵ
ڰ˼
Ц
˵ˣطʣʮطۣյ֮ǵڰ˼ҡҡͷ
ǺϣԼյǵڰ˼֮ĻǱֻϧԼԼǱѾ˾ͷطǼˡ
˵ӵ߼֮ʼͿʼ߲ıԴ룬һ߲ıԴʲô
ڰ˼֮ȵ߼֮һ˸߲ıԴ
;ûĻĳɾͣȻʥ
ʥ
ͷдϸ룬߲ǿԶԶڵؽ֮ϵĴڣıԴҲȷʵ޷ġ
ȻʥҲδģһʼ˵ڰ˼֮ĵޣǷëǣʥؽʷϣùġ
תں֮Ḷ́ԼＫº󣬷֮Խޣھת֮ɱ䣬ӵ߼ɱΪڰ˼Ӷɾʥ
ÿһ֮棬ҲǷΪµģгȣеȺ͸ߵȣֻƶϳյĶǵ߼֮һȾͲˡ
˵ǽδûôһ߿ܣ֮ɱΪڰ˼΢ЦŴȤˡ
˭֪ǿͷˡ
ڰ˼֮δܳΪʥȻؽܹŶʥ
ǵھż֮أͻȻʵ
һ漴ȻʧЦ
ھż֮Ǹ߲ıԴˣǸ߲磬Ǵ˵еܵõͺ;ŵĵرһǶһ£翵ģͲڡ
ߵĵرʥһˣ˵ĵرǿ޷ھŵĵرǸڣǴż£ͽ塣
ûˡƬ̣˵
Ǿ׼ʼɡ
סڵʱ̫Զˣ浮һЩ飬֮ΪʳǴ֮ǻҲΣա
лϵĻǧҪǣҲҪУҪðա
λվ
߰ɣȽζ£ȷʵûʲô˵ĺҲվԷ˵



1218 ŭ
ҵæվ
˽ҲȲҪУԱ֪Լ֮һȼ
ճĻԼǵ߼֮ͬһУҲָ¡
غδǱ
Ȼܣڽ֮ں֮󣬻ǲ֪ܱ֮ȻޱȵѣϾǳԽ˼޵Ϊ
ôףһǷʷˡ
ǰܶȽףǽ֮ںϺܾ͵˾ͷʱǱ;ˣܣҪ֮Ȼ죬һתһתѡ
ˣ߼ȵ֮͵߼ߵȵ֮Բͬһ
߰ɡҲվ
ʱ򣬹ڵĴ󲿷˶Ѿж
һͿ˹Ϸʱ˷ӿ뷽ڡ
ŵ֮ͼģǵһܱ֮գֱӱ麣ͻ֮ӡ
뵱ΪѰҺʵĻ֮˶˼
ٿڣ޾֮ǰǷֳɲͬĵȼһԱȣá
ţ̫ˡȫûиоκвٲǰ
뷽ͬУ˿û
ܿ죬˾뿪ڹһǧףȻ룬Ӵ˵΢
ȻΪڷһޱ޼ʵĴ󺣡
ͻȻ
ӰԶ̤źˮ첽˹
ǳĴȻ˺ܶ࣬ӴȴֵһᣬȫûбҪһ𣬵Ȼ˶ٶ໥ȽϵͷҲ̫Զ
ͷȥֹˣȻǴ֮ǵ˾껺һꡣ
鷳ü
֮ǰͲ³˾껺֮䣬ʲôϸû뵽ڶԷֱˡ
Ҳע⵽˿˾껺жʱ֮ɫʶĿ˷һЩ
ߡ
һĻ˾и⣬ŷĿһ˿ɱ⡣
ȿ֮ϵĮʱʧϲ֮ɫ
ãþòˡ˾ڵĿרע飬Ӣһۡ
Ȼȴ˿ɫ
Ǹ˾껣Ҹ㲻죬бʱһĮޱȡ
ЩĿһۡ
һ·ȻȽ䣬ǸӡȴԶ㡣
磬ߣһͻȻȥס˷֣첽ǰȥ
ŵֱۣ˾к
û׷ȥ
ôҲһ콾Ȼϻеġ
˾磬飬ʲôõģ˾츳ֻҪͷдѱҪƯŮӻһ̲ס޷޵Ϊ˾⵽ƽ
㶮ʲô˾껵䵭֮ǰ·ǻþƵġ
һã˾ЦΪǿò
ȻòǱƯŮӴڣһ㣬ֵҲи׷ЩƯŮӲһ
Ϊһλ콾˾㣿
һԭ򣬵Ҫġ˾껵һҽ֮ǵʱ򣬾͵үүһλط֮⣬ûһλǿߡ
ôܡһ
ط˺֮࣬ʹطѪˣһץһѣ棬ЩˣȫǲֵһᣬȴƫƫΪһ콾ڵһһת
ֳɾֹͣݵģ
˾껵ſȣһɣǱѪֱѪ亱ȢΪޣڶԪʱͺϣҾܽѪеı֮ҵѪһ˵յ֮ôԣһС𡣡
ʱҾǵ֮ĵһˣΣҲҪǰ׳Ƴ
ⷬ˵ȫˡ
û뵽˾껻˼ͼ
˾磬һΪɫأû뵽д㣬ǰ׵ˡ̲סޡ
˾΢Ц
ûжΪĸҲûǸҪıѪֻҪ˵Ļܲ̽ĳԼҲ
ߣҪǲʶ̧٣ͱҲıӰ˾оᡣ
ҽ֮ǿʼûɫҲһʧ
ƲԳԷƣҺҿеŮ׽Ҳ
ĮĿ۷˾ͻȻ첽ȥ
Բ𷽴磬㿴ЦˡԶһЩʱſ˷ֱۣ΢졣
Լ
Ϊһ콾òŮӣҪѪܵ׷ǳĶ࣬˰ݲܾ࣬Ͳپͷ۵ģ˾껡
Ǻͷʶ󣬸Ĺ۸в
ûдѪĳɾͶԼŬĽıѪԷһöûУҷʼգ鶼ƽĿҲûǰռе
ЩԸ׽ɡ
ûʲôҡҡͷ
ûΪȻһЩ鷳˾껳ϵģҲȺ˳

ĮӺ󷽴
˾Ŀ䣬ĮȻŷҲǽ֮ǵˣڹ棬ĿĽ֮һ˾֪֡
΢½֮ˡмĿ۷˾֪׷㻹Ҹô׽ĵӵǺܴ󡣡
ȻôôҲңһҴһ˶֪˭ţ˭ֻ꼻һ֣עҪȻˡ
˾þӸµĿ
ȻȴǸûֱǰȥ
Ǻǣû뵽еӹŮˣȴսûУ½֮˹Ȼų΢ûӦս˾껶ʱЦ
˾ʲôһҸһŭ
û¡˾ȴǿһۡ
㣬𣿡
һ䣬ǴȳģԶԶ˳ȥΧȫˣʱĿ˹
˾е⣬ţ£ᵱû򲻵ϳ֮ǵĶҪʧ档
˻Ӧ
㲻񡣡
ƮƮĸ֣˾껶УȴŭݶŤ
˵ʲô˾껷ŭ˼㡣
˵㲻񡣡ҪսңǴ֮ǵһλ
˶ˣɵĿŷ
û뵽˾껹ˣǷҪƫƫʮƽȴһӦĸо·ڳģһӹɵʵ
㾹˵Ҳ񡣡˾껼ҧݣŭ֮
Դ츳ΪϣҲ԰ıǮȴ˵Īĳ衣
ãܺãһԻս㣬ҵȲһˣֵĻ͸һѣ˭ߵĸԶ𣿡˾ҧ
Ҫô㡣
ʼ磬ûȤȥ˾껣ǺΪ
û˸ս˾ģߵĸԶϾʵ֡
˾껴ŭǷȴûͷ
˾껷ŭ֮䷽Ǹ㲻ģѪӿһӢӶŤ
޲ýǧУҡ
ģǺݺݴ֪˭ķȻһٴһΣ׵Ļ÷ʹ˳٣һ겻
ˣԽ˾еķŭ
ȻӦȴ·һȭ޻ϣ˵ܡ
˾ŭģģŭʧȥǣһȻһǿҵĹԴ



1219 Ԫ
貵Ĺâͬˮư㵴ţϷ˷ɢȥ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀⶼ˾еĹԸ
ʲô˶¶ɻ֮ɫȻûϳ˾еĹʲô
˾껵Сܣһã
֮ǵλ˾óŹԺȴ䡣
ͳһûмŽ˾껺ͷĳͻҲȴô⣬֪ȵķŭ£˾껾Ȼó˴
Ҫ˾嶯λҲ룬æ˹Ҫֹ˾껡
Ȼ˾ȴһ㶼顣
ҵ£ٹܡ˾䣬һſ΢΢ŤţλôĪҲΪҲʸĶ֣
һ仰˾껵Į˼㣬иǲɱ⡣
Ǹʱһ͡
ȻǺģһΪ˾ȴ˵˾껲緽ֺαسֹΪζûء
˾껻ô룬Ǵʱŭ£ȴݲðɳӡ
Ҳ˼Ҳģôŭô뼤֣Ҳó֪æȰ
ȷʵ˾ģҲߣͬڵһһת콾
ؼǣôҲⶫİ
Ӯ˻ãһأǺ
óѹңҵ£޹أһкԻеѵ㻹ң˾Ӳľܾ
֮ǵλʱҭ˵
˵ʵҲǸطˣǱѾֹڴˣ˾콾޷ǿ
ûλѵĸ˾˷гѪ˿
ҲҸұһֻҪӮˣġ
йâһ
׼˾ĸûֵ̼ļΪţΪڡ
ȴϲ˾еĹʲôͷ
ڡ
Ŀƣ˾еĹԡ
ⶫüͷһʱ䶼ûϳ
һ֮ǵĻߵˣȫ˳˼
㿴ͻȻһ䡣
ͷһϸȥҲǷŹЩ仯ʱţ貵Ĺ𽥶һ㵭ĺ·ǻȼգȵζ˾Ϊģ˿ȥ
ͬʱŹԵ̬Ҳ˳
һöƴСĹӣѪϲ·ԶԶȥƺҪ
֮ǵĸ̾һ֪ҪֹҲ̫ˡ
⣬ĪǷԪһ
ûȷʵǷԪһԵҲ
û뵽֮ǾȻõʹ͡¶Ľ֮ɫԪ˾Լģ֮ǵĸ֮ǰҲûҪô˵
һ׹
ȻǴ֮ǵõʹ֮һ˾ãõһö
ĺô˾ҲδԸ뿪ҽ֮ǣ봿֮ǡ
ʲôƾΪʲôҪȣüͷ
Ԫû˵˾껿Ц
Ԫʥһ֡
ʱԶ𣬴˷С
˵Уһ㣬Ƭ̺ȥȻƬ̵ʱ䣬ǲ췭ظı仯ԭǴѸӭ˵ڶƤſֲ棬ĹӣǷԪһ˿
Ȼ˵δؿţģǷҲȻǸոķˣڴˣΣԪȷʵŷ˵ӹɵġǴ˵ǼΪӽ֮һԪҲ̳һܼɹʡ
һöԪ˰ٷְٵһתʹǶתҲóɹļʣ֮ࡣ
ң֮Ҳʱ壬ŲСĺô
˵ţҲǲĽ
Ҫ˵õĽʹͣȷԪòϣң֮ǵõģҲֻԪ
ͷ΢
Ԫ˰ʥ
˿һתϣ޷ǰһԪȻ˰ٷְ
Ȼһת󣬻̫Ļʵδػǿ̫࣬ȴҲѵÿɹ
÷ĶģӶתɵĳɹʡ
ոһתûоʱĳ»ʵһɶתҲǷǳĲִ٣пʧܡ
Ԫټ֮ǰӮõ汦Լ׼ǳɹʾͻöת
ԪҪˡ

Ѿˡ˾Цš
һʱ嶯£ó˷Ԫ˾ҲŻ⣬ʱĻʵڶˣԼҲġ
˲紿֮ǵ⣬һֱݺ޵УʹҲȲ
Ҹȡ
ܺãó˷ԪأĪΪɵϣӮ˾͵õԪ˵Ļʲôø˾껲мʱѾ𽥻ָ侲Ͼһֱŭȥ
һ͡
Ҫ˵ͷԪ൱Ķò˶٣ͷ
жٰգȻ֪˼
Ϊ
Ҫ˵аٷְٵİգǿ϶ǲܵģ֮ǰ˵˾껲䣬ĿĲΪ˼ŭ
ʵϣСƵؽ콾
˾ܱ֮ǿУó˷Ԫʥɼӣ˾껱϶ҲֵͶĹ֮
˾껵˽⣬ҲһתʵΣȴö֪
Ҫȵģ˭߳ԶȵľӲʵ
ѵõĻǰһµûеĻҲ۷塣
ã㡣£ѡŷ
ûлش˾ִһ䡣
Ԫϳ֮òǣ֮൱ģûСƽɨһ˾껡
˾껸ҶԴ֮ǵĸ񣬵ǶԳȴκεæ΢΢һ
ãȻ˶ô˵ˣȻûвŵĵ˾껵
֮ǵĸĿţ³˶֣ȹϵϣֹ˾껣ֲҲϵϣȴһ취ûС
˾껣ҪˣҿôڵѪ
Ԫʥ֮ҲֻõöˣɼʲͣҲб汦󻯵Ŀģ֮ǵĳһö˾껣ϣ˳תҲܼ󻯵ǿ֮ǵʵ
û뵽˾껼ŭ£ȴó䣬˶Ķ
λģҪѪڣҲֻܳ䵱͡
˾ҪȶϢ̴˳ȥ
Χ˶ʱֹͣĿ˹֮ǵˣǰ˽һ˵ʵҲһ¡



1220 ʤ
ʼɡ
˶ûе顣
͵ɣһ㿴֮ľ޴࣬ʧȥһУһ½֮ˣעҲڽ¡˾俴ŷӿź⡣
һǰȥ
ͬжģвˣĸ֮ˣҲ֪˭Ǹǿߡ
ˣǰӣϣǺܺĳ
Խӭ֮Խ磬˵ڣǳĪѹ
˭Ҳҵ̶ĵر
ǧŹâӿţһĵر˵Ĵ߶ɢǿ
뿪ڣʮ֮˵ӣͣҲ¶˺֮ɫ
ʱϿգȻ̽һֻƣץסһ˦
λڱߵ֮ʱƽϢͬʱҲ˦˰ȫ֮ء
лǰлǰ˲ϵ亹æոмѣǶԷ֣Ҫˡ
һĻ˶û¶֮ɫ
ȻػߴڣʵԶǣֻҪƻأػ߾Ͳ֣С֮ĳͻ
ȻΣͬǴš
ػ𵽵ҲޣϳĹͣǿ֮壬ֱӽ֮űػҲԮΣմػ߸άֺϵ;Ԯ
~
һ޽ҧоǲɫͻȻǰͳףȻһ̣о¶˿־֮ɫҲȻ
~
˲䱬һƬѪһִֻӿд䣬ȴǳһ
ڳ˵һߡ
һĻ˶д󺧣ҲӵĽϾƴǷ˾껣ǽ˺ˣԼȥ̫޴ˡ
һһĵޣʼӡ
⼸˺ǿ
ﶼûм٣ǵʵ죬һת콾
ңңȵķˣͣĵͷ
ڵλãֻгԽǿߣܴ
Ҳ˵ǵʵﵽ˰벽졣
ʱڼǰģֻз˾껡Լ༸ˣ⼸Ҳһ콾츳ʵΪɫ˲
~
ֲ֮ͬһɽǾͷ·ڱǰУٶҲɱ仺
Ҳˡ
оﵽļ޺Ųһ٣ͣ
âܣֿ֮ĳĵر
ţʱ׼ֵʱ˿浣̫ǿ˼޵ĻҲδüԮ
޵ʵ̫죬ըҩͰӽȥһǣ˲䱬ը
û뵽Ȼ֮ǿ
Զȥķ˾껣֮
ڴ֮ǰԼǺĵģͬһתþ˱ˣȻһȣ̾˳
˾껺ǿǷҲ𾪡
⼸콾ûǿȥ½ͣŷ˾껣ĺȻ
ǿҵĹâͻ棬ӷɢſֲΧâţ̫ͬеս
һߵ˾â֮УŹ·š
ز켶ĵؼĵر֮ܶࡣ
˶ǻУ
˭Ҳλĵޣǵ³
㻹е㱾£ЩѪƣʵȴֵһķ˾껵ٸ߰ҲòԷĹۡ
ҲѾǼ˰ɣʤߣעҡЦ
ڵλãֻа벽죬ʮֽӽˣܴ
ǰһףֻ죬ܵĵط
Ȱ㲻Ҫǿ˻ûʲôҪСˣǲǴЦ˾껼ѵǰһͬʱҲԴŷͼҡ
ߵѾΪǿҲޱȣÿǰһҪŬ
ʱ־ҡĻܡ
㻹ǵԼɡΪǰһ
ߡ
˾һ˸㣬˵ʵҪǿֻ࣬㱾µĻǳ䡣
һ˵⻰㣬˵Ӱ£ĺܱɡ
ԣ˾ӳ鴤¡
һţһ߻ｻ档
ܿ죬ĵطֻʣ°ʮס
˾껱죬ӿֲ̫֮ˣʹҲ޷ٷ˵
ѾǾͷ
ﶼóĵƣͻᵽΪֹˡ
~
һɿֲȻ˾ϱɫĹâ˾һ߽ɫף渡Īķġ
Զ֮ǰǿϢȥ
˵ԶңûʸҵĶ֡˾껿Ц߽ɫ׳ֺʱһɣͷĿ˷һۣǰȥ
֮˾ϵףɫѿ
һżǿ淨߾磬ܴﵽĳ̶ȣ淨Уġ
˾껵ģ֮˼ߵľ硣
Ҫ䰡׼ĶҪǴղĻҿԽһ㰡һСǰˡһֻԱߴ˵һ֮ǵĻߣЦݡ
Ҫ䣬ȻּɣҪЦ
ôҲȺǿ㡣
ߵɫʱѿҲ֮һȻȴûߵ󣬱ҪһЩͷˡ
֮ǰ˵겻ȷڣȴݺݴ
һףס
֮˾껴ǰ߳ʮ׺ϵ֮֮ĳ£Ҳ֧ŲסȻ㡣
˾׼֮ͬʱٺˣҲǴһֻ֣ʱס
ĵطֻʮס
ѾǼӽˣ˾ҪΪطҪãܿһǵ
˾껵ճɼԹ߶ޱȡ
Щ𾪵Ŀ⣬˾껸ãصȫ֮غ̿˷ҪӷϣͲʡ
ʲôû
װģ˾Ц¶м֮ɫ϶еƣҲһ㣬Ϊĵǿ
ϾǴ½ģпܵõ淨
һ
һ˾껵֮ûκζݡ
ʵ֮ۡ
ڰ׹âڷ︡ǰʱĹ߸֣ȫǳֳɫΣա
֮ӿҲǿֲ仯ļ죬ҪҲѡ
ڷǰȴûκ⡣
һ·ߣ̳ڷС
ط󡣡
Ӵطڷ£Դڻ㵽ĵرϣһɢҪ֮ϣץסһ˲Ļᣬ˽һ˻Ϊһ磬Ȼǰȥ
~
·һδɽײķ飬ط֮˲Խ˾껵ĵط



1221 
˲䱬ֲ˾껣йעߵˣȫȻݡ
˾껽֮ľ磬ϣߵˣܵĵطʮףѾ㹻˳Ծˣ֪ӵĿš
ʮף
ʮף

˾껱׵˦˺棬Ҳʤ֡
СӡһһֱŵҲǷ˻ȥĪɣظʱ򣬾Ȼֽˡ
Ӱ񣬶ԷʵΣҲһȻ⾪һȻһЩóǸˡ
ûг㣬Է˽⣬ҲǼΪ𾪡
ĿɿڴĿŷо𺧣ĽֵĿ⣬˳һۡ
֣СӵһӦǴطķ淨ҾȻϲط󣬼İطҲȷϡ
ߡ
һ֮ǵĻһ
ĵĲˬĴͷ·ڳ׷ϣЩҡ
ҲǲˬˣԴ֮ǵļ˵ȴͬĩա
ڷ׳Խ˾껵һ̣λһ⣬ţŭɡ
˾껣ҿô˽̲סŭ
˾ȴһ㶼ȥˡ
ĿţͻȻıϵĵ飬ʧѪɫҲһ˲ʵһɶ
ҲţҲš˾ҡͷжŵ飬оΧԭηĿ·𶼱ɺͳЦ
һѪӿ˺
~
˾ſһѪɫҰ׵˼㣬õʤȯյʧܣһ˲䡣
֪˾Ѫط֮ȫǰš
ʮ֮ʮס
ܵλãʣʮףһԽʹʵﵽĳ̶ȡ
ȻѹҲļֲֲ֮
֪ΪѾԼļޣŻãĳǰͻΣա
طѸˣҵת˷ɼ˼ˣΣյдĴ֣Ҳʱס
ʤ
˾껣߳˶ʮס
Ӯˣ˾껣Ԫɡҡҡ׹˾껣
һ⻰˾껻һжʱ¶˼ȵĲᡣ
ûзԪ̫ˡ
һģһɶתʧȥ˷Ԫϣͱã
֮ǣóڶöԪҲȳеʧȥԪĺ
ǲ
˾껸Ӳҡ
֤˱ȶģ̫ǿߣط࣬ЩǰӣͲʵ㴿֮ǵĳʱҲֻôݺѪ̡

ܿ˾껵Ĳᣬûʲôͬ顣
˾ӮˣĻӵҲֻӵĲ档
˾޿κΣֻεó˷ԪӸ˷
ҵţʧȥģһһȫݺݵĵŷ˾еԹͺ⣬ܻΪʵʡ
Ŀ£һԼ˻ܣ˷Ԫ˾껵ĸ߰ǽ޵˹֮ĳ޴ﵽ˲ݵĵز
ɫ˼㣬˾תڹȥҪȥˣԲʡ
û˾껵ĺݻԪֵһ˲͸оڲһּ¶
ּ¶Դ̫ٻ
ߵԴڽڣԪ˷˵
ںͷˣǴ˵ߵԼ䣬Ҳһ㹲ͨĵط÷˼¶ܿͻָƽ
һԪ飬汦һ
תʱ򣬾õǡ
磬ϲˡӰζ˷ԣо֮ɫ
ˣҲ׷ϲ
ڹҲЦݡ
ϲֻҪзڣϳ֮αȻŹʰЦвĽ֮ɫ
ȻҲΪɫһ콾ɺͷȴҪϲ١
ٽ֮ǵĳĽ֡
ȻĿǰֵģûд֮ǵһλӳɫǶϳ֮˵ȴҲǧѷˣȻõĪĺôӭչĴ
ߣ½֮ûѪƣһͻ᳹׳٣ע߲˶Զ߲ˬƫƫҪͷ
ĳɫʹٲԸҲ޷粵۾˵Ϲˡ
ǣϵĽǷڵĳɫԶ
Ѫĵޣĵ·ӡڹһɳʮȽ̫⣬˾Ͳ˵ˡ
츳ٺãҲпߴ·ٲ
ΪԼٵ·һ֮˭Ҳ֪ܷΪׯ˵ľֻܽʵԽԽǿԽԽߵʱ򣬱˵ľҲ𲻵ú󣬾͸ֻԼ
ȻѪĵҲߵһѪƻʧ
һ·ĳɳ̫˳ȱĥ£ҪɳԶǰˣҲǺеޣܳԽԭ
ˣֻԽԽȣԽԽʵ

磬׼𣿡ʵ
Ȼ
ԥĵͷûˣҲû˾ôûбҪϢ
ҪطԲʺϡ
˭Ҳ֪ڻᷢʲôԼƿصķΧá
ȥߵֻдﵽ켫޵˲ܵĵط󣬷ͣ
ֻԼˣѹЩԲЩźҡҡͷȥ
~
һ΢˶ʱ޾֮˷ӿ˹û
ڵ֮ûкǰ񱩣ڷΧӿţǵĵȼ̫ͣ޷ա
ǵһ֮ľۼ֮ء
Ҳ룬³ȥ
ڴ麣ͻ֮Ҫĵ֮γɵĽУҪ߼಻̫
Խ£֮ĵȼԽԽߡ
ͬһ֮Ҳǿ֮֡
Ӧǵһеȵ֮оһµ֮ԱǿȻ
ûֹͣܿԽ˵һߵ֮ķΧ
漴΢΢һΧӿ֮ȼȻ֮࣬Զͬһڵ֮仯
˵ڶ֮ķΧ

֮
ļ
塭
һֱ֮ûκͣ١
˵յӦǵ߼֮ôӦǿгͣ
ֻҪ֮ĵȼ̫Զܽ
쾳ʱ򣬷һʼյ֮ҲȲ麣ֻ֮ǿƽ⣬ﵽ쾳۷󣬲ƽ
΢ڵİ֮ڷ£γһС
Ȼ÷û뵽ǣлԶûгͣͳ鿪
ٶ۶ܣһ㼣ʧܡ
˵˫̫
麣ͻ֮·߸ϵ飬žĵ֮Ȼϲ磬ϲ̫ˡ
ϲ
Ӧ֮Ƚϵ͵ȵԵʡ³ȥȽ˵е֮ķΧ󣬷ٶȳԣȻǰû
⡭ԸߵȡҡҡͷߵȷΧ
ʧܡ
ѵ˵Ҫ߼ȵ֮ǿγƽ⣿һҲ¶˾ϲ֮ɫ
߼ȣֻǿγƽ⣬ôʣյ֮ȼҲǵ߼еȣпǵ߼ߵȡ
塣
߼ȵֻ֮Ҫ⣬û⵽̫Ĵۣߴ·ȵĻȻܳΪط
ڵ߼еȣܳΪطʣǵ߼ߵȣϣΪʮطۡ
ǵǱܴﵽ߳ɾͣȻܷɾ;Ͳ˵ˣɳĵ·̫
²⣬յ֮ǵ߼ȣһĿԣǵ߼еȣڵ߼ߵȣô룬Ͼϣ̫ãһ
ãȥ߼֮ĵط
³ܿԽ˵֮ķΧ·ǿԽĳһϣǰһжȻʧ
ڷǰģ޾ĺڰ
ΧĶȻĺڰȴ˾ţһְĸоƽ
һǰ֮ĵȻҲģҲǿһЩȴȫʧˣ·綼ֻʣ˷һˡ
߼֮ǳӴ˾ĵıԴĻ
ڤ·ϵʱ򣬾ĸ˵ĸоְĺڰ
߼֮ǰ֮űʵ·ܰһеĺڰ֮УܸоģֻԼ
ţûиоκѹ˵ڵ֮͡
ΧΧӰ£ܿ侲
߼ȵ֮ӿ˷ڣĿ£γһе״
Ȼڽиոճ͵˲䡣
оһֱƽŵ֮ͻȻͶһε˽ϡ
~
Ժ·һϢըǸոճ͵ĽУ̱
ôܡ
һĻ̲סͷ



1222 ʥ
麣졣
֮һֱƽûκζΪǰ֮ȼ̫ͣԶԶǣһЩʶɢѹ֮ľ޴࣬ý޷γɡ
ڣյǵ߼֮ǽӴ˾ıԴ
ˣ֮˷Ӧ
ų⣬ӽͶγɵĽС
ܸо֮Ծ֮ų⣬ָоͷ·ŭһڵؤ˻ʹ
߾ӡ
ȼͲܡ
һ𺳵˼㡣
ʣ֮Ǿ֮޷
ǵ߼ȵ֮
ӴıԴ֮麣ͻ֮ǰֵһ᣿
Щš
ΪȷϣⲻΧ֮ٶγһС
Ȼʷݣγɵ˲䣬ͱͶķ顣
Ȼġ
ڵ֮ʲôȼͷ
ȻǣҲ֪ǵĵȼͣǵǺεȴڣȴǲö֪Ҳûһȷĺ׼
ϸ
֮Ḷ́ס
麣֮ڴ麣һ֣ĴҲΣգصĵط˷յ֮ȼԲ͡
ȵͨ۷壬֮ɫת䣬ҲʵķԾ
ΪһʵķԾӦǴӵԾ˵߼Ӵ麣ıԴ
ڿûô򵥡
ڻ֮գ͸ˣٰѰҲʵģյ֮֮ˮӵľˡ
ӣλڸ߲ɲ񷣬һ˻㸲һ磬ʹǴ˵ʥǰ¶ԵС
յ֮Դӡ
֮Ტۣһʼʱ򣬸ǽ֮ѹס麣֮ҲǷͬСɡ
Ǽ񵽱˰ǣΪʲô
ϲ󣬷ܿ侲ʼԭҪҵԵɡ
ײͣȻڣȻк֮
һޣյ֮ĸأ½ķչԺʲôȼ֮Ҫá
ҵ½Ȼʼ½ɳҲܺã磬ŵؽ㲻ʲôˡѣΪԼı֮½˵ΪԼˡ
ˣԲ١
˵ǻ֮һ
У麣ͻ֮л֮
ǰ֤ǵǿ󣬻ֻ֮ȥ
Ҵû˵˵ʼ½Уƻ֮ĴڣؽҲûҵ૵
Ϊʲôǿյȼ֮ߵ֮֮ÿؼġ
ǣΪʲôԼʼ½Уγɻ֮Ҳ͡
֮硣ھԨʱ򣬺ں͸¶Ϣ΢΢ҡͷ
Ժлˣ̽İذɡ
Ҫģ֮γɽС
ȥɡ
Ȼ֮޷γɽУҲûе飬³ȥ
޾ĺڰУûңҲҪֻ֪Ҫ֮ȼԽԽߵĵطȥˡ
Խǰ֮ĵȼԽߡ
ͬһȼ֮Ҳǿ֣֮ÿǰһξ룬ͣ۽Уȫʧܡ
ڡ
Χĺˮ֮ĵȼȻ˾޴
߼еȡ
Լ侲ҵһλú󣬿ʼڵ֮γһС
ȫעҲ档
ڽг͵һ̣ٶȸоˣ֮ų⣬εͶ˸ոγɵĽϡ
~
·ƽףУһαƬ
߼еȵ֮ų𣿡󺧡
Ϊٶʧܵʱ򣬴ԴԴӿ֮Զ˹һǿĽ۳
~
ٴα顣
ټ
ĿɿڴĿŽһδα飬һδۣԽԽǿ
ֱ̣γɻеķ档
ʱûбѡ񣬷ҵ߼֮ǵ֮ˮڣȴΪپĳ֪
һڽ۵ķУϿԿ϶Ӧܹǿγƽ⡣
߼еȵ֮ǿ÷⡣
յ֮ǵ߼ߵȡ
ֹ
Ǻ麣ͻ֮ھﵽ۷˶ķԾǲͬһڵ
ѵ˵ǵڰ˼඼©һġ
ڰ˼֮ǿʥ



1223 ص
ܷô侲򶨣ڷ֣Լյ֮пǵڰ˼ֻҪ⣬سʥҲ̲סڸ١
Կ֪ˡҪȷһ㣬ֻҪ߼ߵȣڰ˼֮ĵطһĿȻˡ
ǷҲûϸж
ڵĽУγ֮УҲǿдϡ
侲ȴŽеγɡ
ڣڲ֪˶ٴεؾ֮ٴγɵĽгס֮ѹȶ
Ҳŷʽ̤˶ľڡ
~
ɲǼ䣬·ڷը졣
ǳɫ֮ӽ뵽ڣΪܵԵʣεںһʼںϡ
ܸоÿһ֣ƺըֱǿ
ԴԴϵӿ
̣÷Ž
һתľڡ
ڵʵѾ̤ɡ
૵
һ̥ǵĸд֮ǰ֪ǿ˶١
һΣģʹƾط󣬶̤졣
~
ڲ֤ʵʱ򣬷лһɻȴ⿪
һŸȥ
֮ĵȼţȻ÷û뵽ǣȵһ޺Χ֮ͻȻʼ͡
ǡֻˣȵȣǵ߼ڵ֣֮Լ֪Уֻصԭ
ôһֱ˳֮ȼķȥģѵһ˵ͷԺ
ҵ֤̽
Ƭ̺
ڿȷϣûе߼ߵ֮ĵط߼еȵ֮ǵȼߵˡ
ѹֳ˵Ԫǵ㲻ʲô
Ҳ׹
һ֮Ҫ۹ڵؽǿ˵Ȼʲô£ȼ֮޾Ծո
ǵ߼֮ǽӴıԴ¾ǵؽǿߣҪ֮ʲô׵¡
٣Ԫǵ϶ġ
ڵڰ˼֮УıԴѶȿ֪ʥԳ֣δܰ쵽
߼ߵȵ֮ӦûеģĴҡҡͷ
ڵܿģʵҲһ
յ߼ߵ֮ĵޣڵؽҲǼ亱ģһ£϶˵Ҫ
ҪˣҪôǱԻţģҪôȥ߼ĵط
룬˲ʵʵͷ
¶Լܣñ֪Լյ֮ǵ߼ߵȣǸϡ
ԪǲǴƻԳҲ̫ܰﵽ
вɲı֣Ͼûʲôס˵ı
߼еȵ֮ͬȻЧϱȲΪ߼֮Ǹӵİȫ
ѶҲٶ룬ר
·һڶΧ֮
ˮӿţΧγһС
ԴԴϵ֮뷽ڣգٶȣͨվɢ֮ٶȲ֪Ҫ϶ٱҲڷ
ܿͷһεʵ
֮ˡ
Խ߼֮Խ٣յ߼е֮ĵޣҪҲࡣ
ˮģߵĺˮˣΧһЩȻٶȣȴв㡣
ٶȵĻҪﵽľԲľ磬ҪʱҲࡣ
ţʲô
ͻȻɫ΢ǰ
߼֮ĵطͿģһֱǹȻʱȴ˲֮ͬ
ƽģһֵֻ顣
е࣬ʮ׳ɢŵӫ⣬ڰʮۣζںˮС
֣֮֮ȼήһЩ
֮Ϊʳһ
˵˲֪£ں浮һ飬Ǵ֮
ǻҲΣʲô˼
Ŀһ˻ᣬֻȥȫûвĵԹԵʳ֮
ڷСĿֻʱһͻȻֻϱ˳ͬһ㣬˷ϡ
ٶȿĲ˼飬˵ոճ֣͹˷мûĹ̡
~ͻһס



1224 
ţ
¶֮ɫϱһ
һȻϸ쿴壬ȴûзκ״һɰڻ󣬷·Ǻˮ˴󺣣û˿Ĳ
Īǡһǰһ㡣
ž~
һѸ磬ϡ
һΣϸĸı仯¶һ˿Цݣ׹⵽ôһ¡
֮
鱬֮
ֻ֮ȼԶ緽ڵģûвκãǱ˵ĻҪԵͷ
󣬷ʱڵ֮ȼǳĸߣ涼޳ҵģֻ㹥ֶεĻǶԷ˵ǲκв
һ߿һ߹۲顣
ʱʱһ֮ڷϣȴʯ󺣡
һʼʱ򣬷Щ𾪣ΪʲôĹ֮죬޷Ҳƽˣϣȷһ¡
ֹȫ޷˱˴˼ľ룬Ӧıܡ
Ӧֻȫ֮ɵĵطп֣ܳΪǵ
ңƺҲû̫ʶڱܵʳ֮ͬģһ˽ӽͻ᱾ܵķ𹥻һнʶΪ
ۼùЧ𽥿Ҳûа㾪ʧ룬ȻƵζţʳ֮
ȷûֶκ󣬷ǰȥץס
ڷץסͻȻڻͷ·Ǳ˷ˮУţ͸оԼ֮УԼ塣
Щ֮ӴҲ֪ôɵģǣȴʮֵºͣûǰ񱩡
һ֮ڣȻǵĵȼ̫ͣ޷Ϊա
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Ϊ˭Ҳ֪Щڣ֮һֻյ֮˵ͻȻ߼֮ڣֵȼϵĲ࣬ڵƽⱻƻǱ
ңһ˾ʱͻȻڸȻȥڽӽһΧǻ᱾ܵķ𹥻ҲΣգң֪֮ĵޣЩĴڡ
ܵ˵Щڵ޶ԣǻΣ档
ȻԷ˵ȴֻл
Ͳ£ڵκһ֮
һݾ󣬷һΧ֮һע
߼֮ĵڣΨһܷģֻˣ˿ȥۡ
һûк󣬷ƶһ
ţһֻ
ֻһǰһ󡣡
һϸʱջ½ֻ飬ҵ
飬Ҳ֪ǵĴڣֻ֪̺ΣգԳмİգ򲻻ȥǣָ󣬶Ҳѡ˱ܡ
գ׷ǵ˺٣գȴС
תۼ䣬ֻ飬ΪһɹӴ֮˷ڡ
ţǡ
յֻʱһɳ뷽ڵ֮ԶԶ˵߼ڣ÷˴ҩһ㣬м
ǣ߼ߵȵ֮
Ͼ˹
ЩԣĺͱԵû̫𣬶еһЩڼпܴŵ߼ߵȵ֮
۾Ź⡣
߼ߵȵ֮Чȵ߼еȵҪǿ̫ˣͲղ˷в
һֻ飬̺ĵ߼ߵ֮࣬ˣҲǽʡ˷µĿ๦
ΪܣԭļޱƣɵԶǰ
ҪһԲҪʱҲԶԶ
ͬǶľڣһתǰ˵Ļ͵Բ磬ڣȴԶ
ʹ޾֮аգһþԲϾյ֮ȼ߶Ҳ٣㲻
Щʳ֮飬ľȴһٶȣš



1225 Ŀɿڴ

ڷʼ
֮ǵĳҲû˷ʱ䣬𽥲ǵʵȻԶˣҲܽĵطӽġ
ǵͷˣȴǲһ
Ӱ߳ϳ֮ǵĳüͷӿĪϢʱͣʱС
֮󣬳ϵĲƽ
ô֪ʲôʱҲʱͶĿ⡣
λ֮ǵĳԭûжٽڣǱ
һáҡҡͷȻˣϵȴʮƽȻϰˡ
Ҫһ̫ˡ˵ͷ⣬ͬҲ⡣
طҲǾתת֮ʮǰͲһ磬תľ磬ҲʹﵽԲĳ̶ȣȻȴ޷ٸһҲԽת
յģǵ߼ȵ֮
תǵ֮Ѿ峹׵ںϣеǱܣҲţǵǱȻǾˡ
Ҫһߵľ磬תͱ֮Խޡ
ǣǺε֮ѡ
һͣʱ̫ˣϣʲôԵͻơ
Ϊת֮ǵľ磬Ҳ͵˶ľ۷壬ôվĵ֮Ҳûжãǵȥֱ߼֮ȥȥܡ
ֻЧ΢
һεĸ㹻ܾˣҾǳɡƵȥ߼֮δǼ£Ҫһεջ󣬲ŻῼǱġ
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ڲŵʱټĺϿһԭڹĵطһ֣Դˣȴ⡣
ȵ˿֮գȻͻʧ
·òŻЦ˵
꣬ʮ¡£ܿ͸˴𰸡
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ҹƣҪ߸ʱ䣬ڷĻҪ˸¡϶˵ǵļʶһתĵޣҪòԲȻ벻ʲô⡣
ʱţڣÿ¶һΣ½Ҳ˽뿪
ͷһͬˣҲһЩ˽뿪
ţһ֮ǵСӡĿ΢Զĺϣһ긡ֳ
һ۾ϳǾǺꡣ
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𿴷ǣڵһУɵһתΪһתˣʵϾˡ
֪ˣһתϣ޷ɹ
Ǻ콾ҲҪۺܳһʱ䣬гɹİա
ƣܸڴ֮ǵսǰһתѾǳˡ
ľڣһת
ھ˵̣ҲУûмȥһתΪղ󣬿ǽľԲҪܣվҪࡣ
һЩ콾˵ȴҪˡ
ȫܹڳľʱ򣬾һתڶľԲʱ򣬾ͽжתڶľԲʱ򣬽ת
ѭ̵ˣȣ˴˼ĲҲԽԽ
ߡ
һߣһ֮ǵĻ߳ڸȻҲ˳ۣЩԥ
~û᳿ͻ֮ĦͻȻǸˣѵǷ
һæ˹ȥֻڸĺϣһӰ
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£ô¡һ̳˷
һʣҲûûмߣĿ⾪ɲ
һ˵Բֻ֮ʲôʣŻгڲ£Էгǡ
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մгͼ˳Ҳ΢΢һܿͷӦ˹
ĵ֮һ磬ѾյԲˡ
ʲô
ǳߵȫһ¶֮ɫ
ʲôЦŭ
Ͳţ˵ʵҲĲţʵǺǵĳʶ



1226 Ϯ
£Բˣûߣ׷һ飬ЩԼĶ⡣
ǡ˵ͷȻ
һΣԼûʱĿɿڴĿŷҲˡ
ܺ˾ͺѿľ磬Ҫָľ粻ûܵ˶ԣת֮ϸϵĻȷľ硣

Ŀ΢ȷ˷ľ硣
Уѵʲô̲סʵճھԲôϡ
˵ģҲôһ£Ҳɡ
һЩһ飬ץ˼ֻ˼ΪӴ֮͵
⻰һڣȫɵˡ
飬ȻҲȥһ飬Ƕȥ
ȻҲ˵е飬ǻȻΣա
ڱȽǳĵطζҲͰˣڶ벻̫߼֮ǷھԲǺʣϵ飬ԲȻڵ߼֮ĵڻġ
֪η㻹󡭡һͲ÷Ĺ±źá
Ļû˵꣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôɫһӱļѿ
ߡ߲ȥˡ
Ŀ˷һۣҡҡͷӿǿҴܸѹ˻ȥŻ뿪
ʱ֮գʱȥ
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ܺãҪ˵ڵ߼֮ĵڻ飬ȫûиΪ߼֮⼸ίʵе͡
һ棬ǻһܣǾǷյ֮ǳĸߣĹǵ
յ֮ٶǵ߼еȣڵ߼ߵȣܣûе߼ߵ֮飬ӦáˣΪĽ
յ֮ǲ²ģҪһȼ
߻˵һͣסΪͨһ㡣
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͵һһּΣյĸоͷҲ룬һǰ壬뿪ԭλ
~
˳ۣƺײʲôȻͣǰһСײķѿ
ţһֻ޴צȻ˺ۣݺץ˽ֲһо촷ۡ



1227 ħ۽
糿һĹԣưܵڻԿһСڹâгţɢ˿ֲ

䣬ķӦҲʹĵرסǾ޴צӵļƻͬʱҲһץס˶һԵķ˳ۡ
ʱҲϮǵצȫò
һֻ׳Ľɫ˫չضڱסˣɢżΪֲϢĿģɫĶͷȻŵֻ۾·һڶ㣬ΧĹߣ˸е
ĵı
кâһ
ħ۽ǴһڿϮǵʲôɫʱˡ
ǳۣħ۽ǰͷ·С߰㣬¾ͱ˺ķ顣
ħ۽Ŀ⣬ˣоɱ⡣
ôֱ鷳ˣħ۽ǰط飬µͷϵֻħۣܷ֮⣬ط±ɣϣһСҲˡɫס
Ǽ伬ֵıҲǲԸϣ仹Ҫŷ
ңǾģħ۽ӵĳԿ
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۱٣ȴûκεľħ۽ٶȵ֡
һ˵ţһ߽һöռʯ˷Ҫֿ
һ̣֣˶Լٶȷ˳ȥԶԶ뿪ս
~
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ս޷ֵģȻʵǾطȻԶ
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ȳ˦ħ۽ܺͷϡ
ǣûгھĻΣա
˵ͨҡͷϣھĵΣսɵҲ̫Цˡ
ȷʵΣķֻҪȥһЩΣյĵطҲ¡
Ҫɱңǿ϶ֱ׷ٵҵİ취ҵĻҲԸԼ֣˵Ŵ֮ĵطҲǵĿ꣬ǰ׷ٵҡ
кâһ
ʵ֮ۡ
ڰ׹â֯ӷ︡
ΧһжʱĹ߳ڷǰ
š
Ŀ΢֮Уһ͸ĹԼϣȻһ



1228 Ļ
͸ߡ
һݣ˳߼ޣεϣ֮ǰһоûУҲ֪Լ׷ˡ
֪ǰȥյĽ޷ǴŴ֮ĵطˣͬʱԼҲ
ô£ҾȻ˶ֽšɫ΢
͸ߣĵʱûУȻ֮˶ֽţʱ䷽Ӵˣųһ֮ǵĳ˾껡¶ɡ
湦취˵Ƿ³ˡ
¶亮⡣
²ҪɱԼ˭
Ҫ˵ؽҲһЩˣַ˲˵棬пΪʧɱ⡣
ƾղ²⣬Ҳ޷϶˭Ļ֡

Ҫƾⶫң˵ΡЦؽչһЩʵҲһЩƣûǰ¶
Էζ벻仹ֻ淨
~
Цһڰ׽֯Ĺâڳ˳ɲǼ䣬˱һӵϵĹһѡ
գ⼫ι̵͸ߣҲĶѿ漴ͱ·һӰѸʧ
ɹתԼ״̬ĨĴڡ
ҵҪ˭ں档ű֮ɫ˿һξ룬ûм뿪Ǿĵȴ
ⷬΪһյģΪ֪˭档
طδֵܷǰطĻԷֻϵ裬ȻǲԼĴڡ
Ҳ޾塣
Ϥ˭ҪģҪΣգٻֻ̨Ҳĵ֮һ
ʱţûеȴ̫á
Լ˰죬ӰԶɶ̾ͱϵĺڰ׹â㣬סԼĴڡ
Ƭ̺ӳյϣһ֣;ĴܣȻһá
ǡԷĿвȻ
ߵݳªԪֺУұߵҲİǴ֮ǵλ˾껽һλ
мһλӣȴϲ
֮ǡ֣һ㶼⣬ǰΪжڱϳͣ޶Ҳ
ڴ֮ǵĸҲжֵɡ
ϾǷԪʧȥȻҪ˾껵ĹҲѲ˹ϵ
֣Сأôʧȥϵˡһϣʱס¶֮ɫмӣ᲻׷淨⣿
ҵ׷淨ͬϣûгڻδ죬ʹǣҲѲҵ׷淨ֶܡ侲
ôһ£
ҡҡͷҲ벻ͨôһ£֮ǰûг⣬˵û֣ȻڰǰͻȻȥ˺ͷϵ
ںͳ棬ȡԪʱ򣬽Ԫ׷淨ûз϶ӷҪǵĻҪõԪ׷淨˳ƿֵϣ֪
ҪǾҲᱻǶֽҲ֪ˣҲ²⣬Ӧĳ֮һаЧӰ쵽ҵ׷淨ԲŻʧ룬һ˵ùȥĴ𰸡
Ҳ޷ͣ׷淨ʧЧɡ
ԭһڿȷ϶Էݡ
϶ƺΪͳ棬Ȼóûз֮ģֻһֿܣӾϳ֮ǵĸ
ϳ֮ǵĸֹλʹδ
ϸ￵˵϶ҲҪԪǣҲҪõԪϳ֮ǲ̫˱ˣʱ򣬷ӦûͲ֪顣
ΪԼ£ȻӷУȴ˶Էĵ
ΪʲôҪҵҲɻ
ĳ֣ϳ֮Ƕ֮õĺ£ҲˮǴߣյ˵ûɡ
ô죿Сﶼ֪
᲻غڰ½ˣ϶ͷ֮ǵĸͻȻ
ҪȥͺˡЦ̫칬ĽСǰܾʧһ˵̾ͬˡ
нڣغڰ½·һ
ȻһֿܣǾǳǵطĵַ߷ȥ˵
ʧȥСλãֲ֪ǵطģôȥҡû
õģȻҲ֪ĵص㣬Ǵµķλ֪ģǿиȥáֻﱻֻг֪֮϶Ϊţô꣬ȴǰڷ綼͸
˵棬Թߡ
Ǻǣϳ֮ǵǡʡ֮ǵĸ΢Ц
ĮĿһۡ
ֻȡӦõģ֮λҵģǵ곿޳ܣڳΪطϳ֮λľҡô꣬Ϊгһհӳû뵽ͻȻðһҪŹʣĳ֮λ̩ɽûܺߣΣҾԲԣⷽҪô뿪ҪôȻߣǾͱ
ʱ򣬷洿֮ĵط͹УǱԣԲй¶ȥ
Ҳϳ֮ǵֻҪԪ֮ǵĸʼ硣
ֻҪСݺݵ
˺ܿһ£Ĵ£Ѹ뿪



1229
һߣƤ̧̧ȴûдõ״̬룬ȴš
ûá
յӰȴǶȥ
ȷʵԭΪĳص淨һԣڿҶˡĿյɨһȦ
Ӧҵ׷淨⣬뿪
ǺǣҶЦһ¶м֮ɫҿôߣΪνһ콾ûгɳʲôǣʹ̤죬Ҳһֻ־ܸɵ
Щطǰʲô
֪ĶҪ֪˭Ļ֣Ϊ
䣬ԷΪм
˵ͷ
ʵǲںԼİȫ
ǵΪˣСĽҪҲΪ˲¶Լ򴫳ȥĻǳԲ˶ߣͬΪϳ֮ǵĶǴ֮ǵĸûк³
ߡ
һ٣ֲʱӿյ˷飬˳תʧʡ
~
ڷйɫĹ飬·Ǵ㳯˹һЩ߸ϣĴ̻ᱩ¶ҲᱻǻûԶ˲
ڰ׹â֯ڡ
ɫߣڴʱ򣬷·ǴһӰûƬ̵ͣҲûһܴڰ׹âӵϡ
ȵһƽϢϵĺڰ׹âҲǱ֮
һΣˡ
ȴһȷûΣպ󣬲Ž״̬
ΪɱңȻλطĿ΢
Ա׷ɱ£̫⡣
ΪĿ֮ʱҲΪһЩ˵жǵжţ͸ǱֶɱĿꡣ
ʵϣܶǱǷŹδţСʱ;䡣
ĵλڶԽ֮ǳֵ˲࣬ǰ֮ڵؽ磬ȴǾġ
Ҫǲ䣬֮ǱҲδؾܲʲô
ˣһֱţֱͳ˾ģץס˻ᣬѡ֡
ô

Ȼ֪Ļ֣ͬʱҲ֪ǽļƻȻһͷײȥ
˵ģӦòǼٻϾվǵϣʧȥٵ£õѡ
ǵطȥ϶ҪȥģϾϵĶת
ҪھУҵôһڣĿĵѰңʹࡣ
ǼȻǸ¶Ҳƶ޷ȥ΢΢һ˦ħ۽϶ȥͷϡ
˻ȥѰ·ˡ
ˣܸϹȥĿԣ΢΢
ھģвһطĴʵ̫ˣħ۽ǲöԸ
ҪôɸɵȴҲ̫ܣôˣǴеĿģҪǷڳźǣơ
ֻԼˡ૵
һԶȥ
λط
ڵķ֮ġ
ˣǾ˶תҳΪطѾ꣬ʵǿ˵ĶҲ򲻹
Ƿȱ̫ˣɳʱ̡̫
ո̤֮һ켶ĵؼĵرûУִ֮£Ҳǲô࣬ûһһĵر
Ȼûʤ㣬ҲüŸϹȥ
ڣٶ̫죬¾ʹгкܶʱ
ڵȷʵ˵Ķ֣ǰأ
һתʮʱ䣬תѶֱҲ̫ãһ£ֻҪڰڣǿܴһأͲκ⡣
ת󣬷ҲỨʱԼֻǽǰˡ
ͳֿȻΣԴҲкô
һЩڳǰóĶʲôˡ
淨ط󡣡
ھطһ㣬ֻһЩط󣬽ʵʵ
ͬʱһЩܽĵرʵ
ң޷ϹȥĻ֮Ҳճ̣Ҳ޷ǵطɶת
ȵٹȥҲ٣ǵطҲȥ
ʱҳٳٲȥǵӶܼ尾
΢΢Ц
ȻǾȥŰɡ



1230 ϣ
ڳĺƣɢգ쵽޾ԶԶԶͷ·һ޴Ļڱ˾ĵա
·һ½Ӱ֮У֡
ȷֻ֪ǼΪע⵽Ȼһ½š
һƿն˺ƣ·ϡ
ˡ
ܣĵ˵ͷͶӰڱ֣ӿ֮ɣΪ޺
⴦½֮ȼܸߣʹǷҲӣͶӰ£ȴû̫Σա
ĵַȻܽһǾģǸ߲磬ʹʮ󶥼磬Ծĵ̶̽ȣҲܸߵȥƾһҪҵĿ΢΢
ˣǿ龧ʯڣһݵͼճǰ·ߡ
ûмȥڵͼϣҵһȽƫƧǰȥżбûĵطչ
Ҳǣ
Χǵȼߵ֮ұ仯ļƵ⿴ȥ׾ܿ˲ɿήٵή
Ƶ仯˸оԼ֮ǰǴһ㡣
ûʲôôΣճ̶ָߣϺΣױ˴ţĻԷ֮ҲһİԳ˱ѡеɡ
һӣת۾ͱóһɽ˵ϡ
ָᵯһݵķɵ룬ͣɢâ
ʱ֮֡
ţʱԭʯҲɵ棬Χʱ΢΢ŤţھƵ£ԴԴϵעʱ֣֮ʼĵر
֮ӿţӰȴǼС
ѡĵرʱ֮֡
죬Ȼö˵ҪǣͷĵرҲǲࡣ
ȻвٵؼĵرгɳռģôǣҪʲôʵⶼö֪Ҫȥʱ䡣
̫ٻǷǿĵرǾģû㹻ĽѪ죬ȥҲֻʱֿ֮Ͼʱԭʯ̺Ӵ
˾ƺ󣬷ᡣ
ʱḶ́ûսѪʱǰΣգȫܹԷתʱҲı˸ʱ٣һâ֮У÷Ҳá
ĵ֮в󣬲ĵر֮;ƣûжӰˣҲù㡣
󣬾淨֮ˡ
һʱһ»ǰ͵»ȥøķ·ɾһ㡣
»£̸оԼԴǰδеһƬ
֮طݣԺ
ڵʵӦǸող죬һ켶ĵؼĵرĻʵһķԾǶҲһս૵ԼһȽѵʶ
һޣûкʵĵر֣ʵž޴Ĳ
ƿ켶ĵؼĵرκûУʵн˺ܶࡣ
һĵرʱǲָˣֻܴ淨֡
һ˵Ҫתʵܴﵽ죬ֻмٮٮߣһתʱ򣬾ӵʵ
ˡ
֮ǵˣͬһתʵʹﵽ죬ҶԷоʹﵽˣʱϱȷҪĶ࣬ȽӵĿš
ûʲôٵġ
Ҳ˵Ǳ츳Զ˷
ʵﵽ켶һͳ˵кܶ¿
һ淨һתµöԷʵ˼ֻѪϵơ
ѪƣҪúռΪ߼֮һʼˣҲһЩΪѪӵһЩͨĴѪӵǿıѪѪеһ֡
յ֮ĻӦþǵڰ˼֮κ˲š
ǣ֮ϵƣһչֳģһδε֮ںϣǿ̶Ҳ𽥵ĳ֣Զ߼֮
ڽһת֮ںϳ̶ȷǳĵͣǸոտʼƻ̫󣬱ЩӵѪ˸Ҳǲܡ
Ҳǣ֮ǵˣȷΪɫԭ
ƽ
֮ȼԽߵƣڣͬӵиΪǿʵֻеһ档
ƣɾת׳̶ȡ
ʵ
Խߵȼ֮ڴﵽǰܵѶȶܴʥĻǵڰתھתˮɵ£ΪĽġ
Ǳˣȴ붼롣
һﵽޣųɾϵ˶ʹֹپнռ䣬ֹתõӡ



1231 £
ɸܣҵҲԽԽѪҲȡ
ҡҡͷջ˼ʼ˱չ
һƣڷΧ
ıԴϢҡ
ʱš
»֮УȻ۾ͻȻ䣬һʱԶһ߷ϡ
ܵıԴϢһŨ˼¡
~
ŵâ˷ΧΪģγһԲ
ǾĵرϢǿȴȫ켶ĵرһ𣬷Ҳֻˡ
֪ĺ˱ʣҪʣµ켶ĵرˣȴЩˡ
ƣȥ
һ˲۶ɣ̫ٻӡ棬ʱǿıԴϢ̫ٻɢݳ
ŷĶ
һƷɳ׷ĵرϡ
ûκεĲףǵĵȼԳƵ
ȻʣµĵرȴҪһЩ
~
Ķȴûκͣ٣Ƴͣĵرӡȥ
ıԴʱעĵرϡ
꣬~
ǶʱҲһѺۣĵر棬Ȼǲظ
ɫȴ˿
ط󡣡
һӴķ˲˷£â𣬽û
ظĵرϰ
һڳڷ룬ͨĪıԴ֮ʱԴԴıԴӵڷķΧӿš
·ǻһС͵ĺȻӿŵģȴǼֲ
~
Ŀ΢ӡĵرϵľŸƣȻ仯˺ڶƵģʼӿıԴâ㡣
㹻ƺҲǷһЩ仯
еĻɽͼеı˺ͼеıʯͼ
еıԴٿȻʧֻʣ¾ĵرƵӡ£ɢ˵
ڣһطﵽ˺̶ֳȡ
̫ٻ𡣡
̫ٻʱɵС
ն
кâµķҲǷԣһնһֲḺ́
~
;ɽ壬ķ飬һĹ֣Ŀġ
طҲһطܱȵġ÷ǳһ
ĵرɵĲȱֻнӽĳ̶ȣطҪ̫ˡ
ң⻹طȫ
طĵһԲ󣬷ȻһϢӿԺ
վԭأŸյõݣ²ɢâطͺطάʱҲǼӣֻһ֮
Ƭ̺
ִ̫ٻһתط
һΣûпֲĹȴоطۼ̫ٻϣĵرϣɳ˰˸ģӰͶ̫ٻ
ɲǼ䣬̫ٻϵƣģ·Ƿ˾˵ɱ䣬صĲɢݳ˿һ۶оͷۻ
ое̫ٻʼ
ٶȣ˷ָȫָƱš
ɫ棬̫ٻ·Ǳ㡣
ͻȻ
һ˲ѹ÷Ϥĸо
ǡڵϢкݺһ¡
ʱ̫ٻ𣬾Ȼо·Ǽ˵Ľڡ
ҪһЩӦĽϢԼǿ侲жϡ
ĽڣȻǲĺ꣬ԶԶ۷ʱ򣬿ȻǴ˵Ϣɢݳ˵Ƿˣ¾ʷ۶ҪΪ֮
ĽϢȻǼǿ
طһ𣬾ԻܵĪӰ죬Ӳȫʵ
⣬⡭𾪵˵
ܸо̫ٻͣʱܣǴﵽĳ̶ȡ
ط£̫ٻ켶ǿ졣
ǵûκεĲȱ㣬˸ΪǿϢ
̫ٻıʡ
Կ϶̫ٻ켶Ҳܾ߱ڵϢ
ȫطĹ͡
淨ǿͷ
һΣһ淨ţһԲ֮Ȼǿޱȣ
ط£̫ٻĸǿ
̫ٻ𣬷ĵرطע£ȫļ𣬶һ⣬˱ʵͨԶԶڵϢ
ظĵرҲܱ졣
ȻԭȼǿҲһӰ죬Ӱ쵽طʹʱ䡣
켶ĵرףҲԽСάֵʱԽ
еˡ
̫ٻȻǿһĵرǽϢ̫£Ҳʹطάʱ̡
άʱ̵ģȻظĵرˣǵѶ̫󣬶һҪĵر飬ѶȸǱ
찡졣
һеԱ
طʵ̫ǿˣҪǰһҪࡣ
ȻԹȷϵĵرã°ȣ̫ˣܲסޱȵ졣
֪жĵر죬ȻǵȼϣӲãӶ
طȴֲһź
ʱ֮أط£ֻᱻʲô
һ˾ڣʱ֮֡



1232 ʱ
ʱ֮֡
Ƿĵر
ǰԺĽʱ֮յʱԭʯԴͷĪʱ䳤ӡ
ʱͣͣʱ٣ˣһʱǾˡ
Щڴ
Ҳ֪ҲԼˡ
ʱǳ죬ҲͬʱٺʱͣͣѶȸӵĴΪʱ䳤ǹǰģʱ˳ƶΪ򵥵ʱͣ;ҪϺܶ࣬ʱ⼸Ҫʱ䳤ӽп⣬ʱ⵹Ȼǲʱ䳤ӵ½ǼСһ֣ޱȵļѡ
ڵطȻѾɹǽһ㣬Ҳѿ
̫ٻյĿǽ֮ѪȻʱģҲǽڵϢˣġ
طгɳĿռ䣬Ͼһ켶ĵرûУһ켶ĵر
ңʩչط󣬻һȱǾǴʯ
طӡڴʯϣ᲻бı仯ʱҲ޷֤
ʯֶʹڵؽ綼Ǽ亱ģڽ֮ǴδۺҪ̶ȣ»ԶԪ
Ȼֻصһɹֻ̨ʮĻҲлõʯ
ǸӵңԶ
ҡҡͷջ˼һУʱֶ֮ʱɶǰ
Ըоʱ֮͸¶Ϣ
ʱ֮Ȼǽȣļ켶Ϊʱ̫ݣûдﵽ
ҲûʲôϾʱ̡̫
طһڷ³ͣһΣʱִ֮еһĵر
ŷĴ߶
˵Ӱ˳ûʱ֮棬ţʱֵ֮ͷ
תۼ䣬ͳ죬һҲûֱͣӻ˸ߵĲΡ
â貣ڷǰʱֱ֮ĸӵĪ⣬ΧЩ
ϸʱֵ֮ı仯
켶ʱֵ֮ʱٺʱͣ͸ӵǿ󣬼ʹطҲҪӰ졣
Ȼ󣬻һ
һŵʱ֮ϣʱǰʱշ˾ҵı仯
һɲǼ䣬ʱ·ڵˣַ·ǰޱȡ
ָоǣںƺƵʱ䳤УһССУʱձĻޱȡ
ʱҲʱ٣ʱϵңʧȥжϡ
ʱҡ
΢΢ͷҲʮǿսиЧ
ڷЧʱͣͺʱúãʱͣͻʱ٣ҪʩĿϣоҪܶԷܵķԽǿԽԸıԷϵʱ仯
ǵЧȻȻľͻһۿۡ
ʱңȴʩĿϣȫöԷΧʱշңӶʧݣЧӵĺá
ضǣӦûеܡϲ⡣Ц
ȴͶҲţʵѹȻǴȥһЩϲ
ʱ䣬½ϣҲ˰֮á
ڼһα֣ѪеĴ˺󣬾ûκβҲ˷ʱ䡣
֮ǵսһ
ȻԷҪս֮ǣ֮ǵ˶һȻɶԷս
Щ֮ǿ϶Ҫʱ䣬һ֮ǵսĻҲȡʱ䣬˵ǵ߸һͻƵ߾磬ֻɹǿ淨ʤ㡣
ˣ˵˵һ󣬿Ƿ²⣬սϳ֮ǣӦûһЩʱ䡣
ˣѾȥ˾Ÿ£ʣµʱҲǲˡ
ǵطҪϹȥҪʱ䣬ҵ֮ûңҲҪʱ䣬ټܡ
΢΢üôʱ仹ǷǳĽš
֮ңҲû취£ܷĶá
Ŀ淨ҪȫȫͶȥȻ֮ǰĲ̶ȾͽӽԲˣʣµһЩѵʱ˿٣ǿҪԲʱ򣬸ļɬ֮ð˳÷òȥ򣬽طĸ̡
»ټʱ٣ֻ÷һ
֮ϵʱ֪
ڶ㣬֮Բܲ˲١
淨֮ѡ񣬷κԥûнطɹ˵ķܣ֮ٺкá
ʱˣȹȥ˵
ûе飬һһ󣬺ܿ뿪֮ͣõδ½



1233 
ɫĺˮƺƵ֮оţɫΣڴΧھڰУۡ
Ӱվ֮УǲҾɫ̫żͶȥҲǴŨŨľ
ˣǶǡ
ʱųªϣŽƵɫ
ѾˣСô£͵վнⲽ޷ƽ
ʱ䣬ǶԣȻ㲻ʲôһֹܶ㡣
Ȼһȴͬ⴦ط󣬶һʼסϾҲ֪ԷʵҪ϶ûô죬ʱţ£ĸ¡ȥ˰ࡣ
һֵļûУɲסˡ
԰ꡣмĿ۶õͳοһ䡣
ȷʵе֣ʱ䣬ζԸˣ뱻Ǵ֮սûʣ¶ˡ֮ǵĸҲüͷ
ûǸʱһֱĥȥ
˵ͷȻעⲻһ㡣
ҵĲ²⣬ûԭҪô·ϣĵıɱҶĵıȻ࣬ǶΪ¡
޷ȷϷ
ؽҪĻ϶ʯǽ֮ǵЩͬ
ڽ֮ͣʱ䣬ֻж̶ʮ꣬ϾͻתͶ
൱ڣ֮һתվˡ
һȻûԸڽ֮ʯⶫɲǼ򵥵ģڱһЩӰ졣
ˣ׷淨ʧЧҲȫ֪ˡ
Ǿɵţԣϵĥ
Ρȴһ㶼⡣
˵ǰˣپҲԸȥ
ҪãûĻ޷˵صĴ֮ͻƣҲܣâ࣬Ҳôˡ
ȻûɱɶҲһĿꡣ
ȥˣǺܿͻӵϢҲûҪɵˡ
һֿأ֮ǵĸʵ
֪еΣգ׼˰֮ãȻٹҿֿԸ󡣡
᲻Ѿ֪ǵĴڣ
ǿ϶ġԥ˵ɲΪǴ
Ȼ޷׷淨ºϸһ£ҲĲ׺ɵ㡣
֮ǵĸ΢΢ͷǲôġ
Ȼ׷ɱ֮й¶ȥǼ鷳ǣô֪Ǽ׷ɱء
ʼգǶû¶棬ҪɣҲֻỳϳ֮ǵˣỳɵϡ
ǹҧ΢΢ЦҲ˵ֵһԿϷ
ֻҪжת뷨ǾһҲ²⣬һڣȻһƶ˵
Ŵ֮ĵطôҵġ
ԣ죬Ц
Ƿǧգۿż󹦸֮ʣͻȻ֣ʱϾı飬ö˷ڴѡ
ˣȷûͻȻ뵽һ⣬æʵ
һȴȴҴ˵طǾǸЦˡ
ɫжôֲﶾˣط׿ӿŵԴݻǡ
ңƽӣȴ֪Ŀ񱩣ÿ£ԴͷɫӶᱬһΣʱֲйţǲòԶԶ뿪
ֵطд֮
ҿԿ϶ȻҲ벻ͨǰûжģٻ͸¶һЩ
ǵطģϳ֮ǵһطʵԶܱȣ޷طҲһ
ң˭Ҳ벻طҲд֮һֱûб˷֡
˵Ѿа֮ãȴʱҲûзѰǵطֻɫʵֲ̫һСľ
û·ߣûаȫķڼ󣬶˷˲ʵʵ뷨רĵá
ǾĵȰɡ֮ǵĸ
ס˼Լʮ
󷨱ˡͻȻɫһͺȳ
⸽׼Ϊ˷֪Ǳ룬ڷԲڣ˼Ϊε󷨡
ûʲôȴоЧһ˴룬ͻʾ
ȿǲæ
ǰҲмΣ󷨱ȴǾĵıд룬ǿջϲһڽ󷨱Ƕס
˵ͷָһʱһӰǰӳ󷨵ĵط
һģֳ
ȻСЦ
ڵȵˡ
۾



1234 ɵǾͿ
·㲻ߣƫ
Į
˭Ҫ֣ҪСúһʲôо΢΢Ť
һʼڣҿȺò׷ֿˣȴ׷淨ʧЧʧȥ˷ټ¾ֻãҵ
ĵȴԭΪͽ޹֪ڳ֣βö˷ܡ
䣬ʹӲ͵ط˳ȥ
֮ɫһȴûֹȻ֣ͱٻ뿪ˡ
ֻҪ˭֣Ȼν
֮ǵĸҲһ
˶Ӳ˳
㿴жʤ㣿ȻƵطҲһ콾һܱȵġ֮ǵĸʵ
˰ų֣˵һģôʱҲı䲻ʲô
Ȼӿö
ţҲҪгɳʱ䣬׷ǰߡ
Ƕתˣҿ϶˵ʤûУ˽ǲԶ
֮ӡ
ǰǺƺƵɫӣɢɫΣ֪Լҵ˵ط
ĵͼУŷ洿֮ĵط
ڰ׽֯Ĺâ︡
Ĺ߳ڷ˲µҲһţȴ⣬ΪЩƵãֻʾˡ
Ǻİ˳ǡ
ûκε壬˵ΪûǸҪֻҪ֣;Ӳǵġ
ͬʱҲȷһ¡
û
ˣڱȻһ⾰˵Լһ˦ħ۽ͻ˵ȴ
ʵԶڷ֮ϣ¸ôãҲʲôֻڴˡ
ţˡ
Ŀ΢˿֮ӵķһӰԼٶȷתۼ䣬͵ǰ

Сû뵽ɡĿ⣬УֵĻȻ𾪣ţǾ
ǣʲôûС
ƽĿƺĳ֣һ㶼е⡣
ЦһȻΪǿ򶨣еĲ
װģҲνĺӵͷˣڣԽ׳ذ벽תм
ҵǲֵ֣ǣôħ۽ǵģ۶ͻȻʵ
ţ
棬üһĻУû͸¶ǵĴڣǷõģȴǡ
漴Ͳˣ㷽֪Σûκвġ
Էɻ󣬶ȴǿЦ
㵱Ȼ벻ҵĵ֮ɱħ۽ĺᣬȻһżΪ淨޻˳ϣħ۽ü䲻ף˱ҲǲһУھǲҲȥ˰
ħ۽ʵҪڳ֮ϣǾģԳΪ
֣طʵȴ㵽һλطβ԰
Ȼ
ѹħ۽ǵʱϻôǿҵɱ⣬ᱻ㵽ҪҲΪûԼ˵ԵʣǱ˵Ļͱװ㵽ˡ
Ҫ޻ǸĴۣҲԲ١
֪Ѿ֪Ҳ׹·׼֡
·ͻȻЦ˶Զ
ղ˵ұԽ׳ذ벽Ҳת
ҵĻشǣֻҪɵǣͿˡ
˵ɵλط·һ΢С°㡣
Ļһţ̲סЦƺЦЦ

һո̤طûеˣҷŴ˵Ҫɱ̤طǿߡ
һӤţҪɵһǰЦ
ҲȻʧЦ
ⷽ¶֮ɫΪԼ˴Ըôһ֪ߵغĿͽе޻
ϳ֮ǵˡʵ̫Цˡ֮ǵĸҪЦ
תûУ͸ҷĴ󻰡
ΪԼ˭
֮ǵλ콾𣿼ˣһתʱҲδظ˵Ļɡ
Դһ㶼˴˼Ĳ࣬ϳ̫֮˳̫ΪˣֻɫղԺҲϣɱֱǸЦЦţȫϳ֮ǵĳ衣
˵ϻʳǵطİ취Ȼ͸ɵ˶С



1235 նɱ
ĻֹסЦ
¶˱ɱ
˵ʵЦÿȴ˰Ķãǵ
ɵǣЦһ㶼Цһ֪طǿǰһС󡣡
Ŀŷ
һɫĹǰһżޱȵĲɫ
ǶԳĵر֮
켶ĵر
Ŀһɫϣо˼Ϊֲƣ̫ٻ︡
֮ɡ
һŭȣţǰɫȻ̼תһֻӴޱȵɫŲɫۼףһεɫҺӶϵ䣬ڿз̵Ŀ죬·ҪնʴƵġ
ֻɫһ֣̾ڶĿ£ŷݺҧ
ִ̫ٻһӳ
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գߺݺײһ
~
˵ƺֳ룬һһܣų޾ĹâһҲңһС
̫ٻ׼ȷնǿŶ֮ϣ߷ݰȥ
Ҳù̫ٻҲǺһЩ
ͷȴҪϲ١
Ȼе㱾¡
Ȼ̫ٻ𣬿ɷʵȻطļ𣬶Ȼĵر׵淨ŻǶ֮ı仯ͬʱҲ
ʵȷʵǲ졣棬˵Ľ־۵ףԷʵҲһ׼ȷжϡ
콾콾ƾһ켶ĵرǿ붾⡣ǵжԵǲò̾
Ļ;԰첻
һתˣЩˣɶǶתϱȷߣִƵĵرȼҲǿռѹԵƣ̻ܷɼĿ¡
ڽ֮ǣʱҲǼ֤֮һҲʱɱġ
Ȼз淨ȴ⣬Ϊ淨޶ģŵ޵ľ
һе춼ȻûʩչıҪ
ⷽеѲҪҪ֣֮ǵĸü˵
ûǸҪҡҡͷг񣺡Ϊ̤طĶֻ㱾µĻǾ̫ˡ
Ͷսţǿ˷й
ӴʱսȻռϷ磬ҲûѹԵƣҪܷס
~
һξҵײ˷˿
СҶ磬ǰûа··ǵطĽ뷽Ҫôȥ
һѡ
֪ߵغ񡣡ŭЦΪƾıܺҴھ֪֮ࡣ
սò·Ҳʧȥġ
һɫγ˶ǰȻһŶ֮
ǶĵƣŶ֮
ó汾ˣҲǣⷽίʵǲײĲᡣЦŶ֮רŵ淨ʵӵĿɲһǰ㡣
Ŷ֮һϵƶʱɿһȣŶ֮ȫɫǿӿţǵٶɢҲǳ֮ǰ
ˡ
ҵĹԶ֮ǰ׽Ӳ
һֱûжΪ˽ѹԱõƿشʱңҲ֪̫ٻĻͶطжٲࡣ
һҪĿģѰ˵ټ
ϾطάֵʱޣҪ֣ҪһʱѾյ˵Ӱ١
ʱ·ˡ
Ŀޱȱ䣬˵âɳΧܣһ̣ط󱻷ʩչ˳
·ϣʱ޿ط󣬴ʱʩչҪȸտʼࡣ
ֲĻ̫ٻһ˲䣬ļ𣬿µĽϢҲѸȥ

ǣָָ˷Ӵɫ˷
һն
â޾Ĺâͻ棬Ȼ۳һֻӴĽڣȼſֲĻ棬ײɫ
׵ģǽϢԴڴ˵Ϣǰɫȫǲһ̻ɢû棬ֳ˲ȵļ
ûȶӦӴĽڳֱϣ˫չ䣬ֱӽɣ󣬺ݺײ˶ϡ

ȫûףôһ£ڻǳĿֲ汬ٳ˷ɻҡ



1236 
䡣
̫ٻĵȼ󣬷ʵֹǱѹԵ£նɱ
Ŷ䵱ԭؽʣŶ֮ĳȡ
ǰطԣңɼǿ߸Ǹ߸ϣʱȴԼնɱ

һѹ飬̫ٻնֲĹٴ۳һֻӴڣʹ֮ǵĸ֮
~
·һ̫ѳǱĳ֣ж֮ɫ
ôɫ䣬벻ͨô¡
Ƕʤôһ˲ƾתλطȻ׾ǰ
еĵرڿѾ죬µķЧ֮ǵĸеޱȵ𾪡
淨٣ܽĵرĵȼģȴδš
һ֣ɱͺȵ
˲ҵڵķҲȫԸʸ
֮ǵĸ߸Źâɢſֲȫ켶ĵر
Ҳ·磬ͬŹâ
ΪõԴȻڽʹ֮ϣ˵ʵҲҪȶǿһ
ȴȻ塣
Ʒſ̫ٻ𣬷һŵʱַ֮ɵǰͬʱطһת˵Ӱʱ֮֡
صʱ֮Χţһ̣ʱ֮ļ
ʱҡ
ָңңָ˴֮ǵĸ
ɲǼ䣬λΧʱշңͷ·һǰʱ䳤ӣȻһ΢С
λȴһ⾰
ͻȻԾ˵ٶ˹Ȼûλ·ֿʧԶڷٺš
֮ǵλȫˡ
Ūôһ£Ҳ
ʱյңģһ̷ģҲǹȥ飬Ȼʵʱûз仯ֻȴӰ쵽
ֽʧݣӰ쵽ʤ
ʱάֵģһ˲䣬ܿλ±ʱջָ
ȻλΧʱ߸ոձûˣ̫ٻնǰ
ӴĽڳֱϣɢĿϢλľӲȫʵ
~
֮ǵλ˲ͱ̫ٻɣܵĵرûչֳܣʧȥ˲ߡ
ڶλط䡣
Ŵ֮ǵĸ֣תۻɷɻңֻеһɺӽŵ׳ţ䵽˹
ҡͷȫǰʵ
λʵಮٵİȴ˷ǰ
û뵽ʧ˰꣬ʵȻǿ˵ز֪ˣǲôΪǣһʼ˶֣ȫԸĻһܡ
ǣӣʧȥĻᣬɱˡ
ںڣ̫ˡ
㵱Ƴҵʱ򣬿뵽գĮĿ⣬ϡ
ܿܣˣʲô˵ġЦ
֮䱾ûޣȴӰ쵽棬ߵһ
ûзϻ
ɱλطоطĲȣ̫ٻ𣬻ʱ֣֮طĶǼ󣬲άֶá
һطʧʵ䣬Ի֮ء
սɡ
ִס̫ٻ𣬹âͻ𣬺սһ
ĵرû˿ı
ѾȫԸȻʱķίʵ̫£սĽϢľ
Ҳ֧Ų˶á
һ˵ĸС
һ콾Ҷתȴһתĺˣȼһ㣬ɫҰ׵˼㡣
ŷµķ
ʵزȻΪⷨȻôϲ
ң̶ȡ
ԺͻȻһ뵽һ޷Ŀܣʱѵ˵ʹõķ淨
淨Ĵڡ
ˣϧ̫ˡ̫ٻն
򵽣ʹõ淨ȫʧȥ˵ֿ
ζû뵽Լĵ˾Ȼ
ںգ˽ȥ
䡣
һҲǲ쵽ޣطĳʱ䣬ʹط帺ɡ
ǽˡ
ĵرԶɫӡ



1237 ֮
һսŶ˵Ĵ⣬һһնɱջҲķᡣ
켶ĵر÷һʼģһ켶ĵرûУһӵ˰֮ࡣ
ûô򵥣ǵ־ˡ
Щĵر֮ȻˣǷҪĨԭ˵ӡȻǣҪʱ䣬ʱǲָˡ
ң֮ǵĸʹõĵرͲóϳĻ׻ףϾһ֮ǵˣǶֻҪͷǵĵرû̫⡣
ҡҡͷ֮Ǿжת
ԶɫӣӿżΪֲʹǷеľûгĵͼҲ׽УһСľͻ䡣
һΣľʯһγڷǰ
ϸĲľʯڵĵͼͽ뷽ÿһϸڣ˿©
ǵطʱ֮ӱʱڡǳͣҪɣдŵĽ뷽ǲģר˵ġ
ɫƽŵʱ򣬶еľˣᱩߣʱĿֲƾطΣգһطˡ
ȴ˰֮ã֮αζ뵽ʱƫƫǸʱ򣬿·ǽʯͽ뷽ǶţսҲǱⲻˡ
ȴ֪ġ
ľʯڼţλŴ֮Ĺ̡
λڱ׷ɱʱӵ֮ӸʱѾˣۿߵ˾·Ѳ׷ɱ֮£֮ض죬֮ӣԼҲ˳С
ʱ֮ӱʱ򣬳м֮ӣΪɣºҲͷ뿪ˡ
û뵽λǵûһ֮淢˱ж졣
Ȱɡ
ȴš
ûе϶ãͻȻһֲֿϫɨ˷ڵĵطѡ
һæ֮ӡ
ʱ֮ӣٲ֮ǰƽǱļȥɫĲӿţףǧ֮ߣص¡
ΧɫΣҲǱʮ֮࣬˼ΪңԶľ룬Ƭһ㵭ɫֲϫ֮ɢݳ·һĳϫ˷ľ
һĻҲǵһ
֮ӱʱڣҲΣյʱȻȴҪȥ
н뷽Ҹжģ¶ûжˡ
˿֮ӡ
ֲϫ֮ӵķһĳҵ̫ٻϫĳ
ûתط
ϾطάֵʱޣҪؼʱ򣬼ûط󣬷Ҳطʵϫκá
ò˶ãͽΧɫΡ
֮ӵɢϫһΣǷڲط£ҲǸо˼ѹǿ˷ӿ˹ӡ
ͷһ켶ĵرͲ˾ˣֻϧ̶ʱ䣬Ĩ˵ӡԶԶΪˡ
뷽ҪȽ֮ӲУûеġ
λҲ뵽ˣʵɣ´˵صļأõģһ£Ҳн֮ǳǿͬ˳ҵ·ߵ㲻⣬֪һˡ
ʵ֮ۡ
ûлңڰ׽֯Ĺâ︡ɲǼ䣬Ĺ߳ǰǺɫżΣա
֮ӣɫ߽֯ɡ
֮Уܿ췢˱ĵط
ɫеֲҲǿʵ֮ΣӶ̫ٻѸٿٳһ·ĵط
ܵѹʱһɡ
ûгɣǰţ֮ӱʱڣı仯ǳĿ죬ǰǱĵطпܱµ֣ϱΣյĵط
ƾʵۣ֮·˳࣬ǵ֮ǰ
Ҫҵ㡣
ûмŽ֮УĿںѲţϸֱ֮ӵ뾧ʯмص໥֤ҪȷԼλá
ΧɫΣ޷ֱʵ˷ҪȽ
һ˻ںϷӿţ̺˲ɱ
ĺӶΣǷ洿֮ĵطӦߡƬ̺󣬴Ӻϵȷһ㣬üͷ



1238 
֮ͣʱԽãԽΣգΣճ̶Ҳʱţɱӡ
û취ֻʱ˳ȥҵȷλٽ
ѭ֮ӵ򣬷棬ǰһξ룬ȻУжϺӶλá
֮ޱ޼ʣԴͷھĸ߲磬Ĵڿ˵ǼΪΣգΪֺĵطҲǴڡ
ÿһƽ붼԰㡣
ǡ
ѭŵͼģյ˵·ߵӦþڸŶԣȻһֱǧûпͼмŵ㡣
˵һ£λڲ֪˶꣬ôʱڣ֮ӷ˲Ϊ֪ı䶯ҲǺ飬֮ŵģһɲ䡣
ĵǣ֮ӵı䶯λֵİȫ·ߣûûá
ҲڣǸ⣬طʵ϶ٻнõĵͼ·ߣܹܴȫȥ
ǣֻзһˡ
пһеʵۣ֮ͷҲص뿪ˣڣΣԲ˵ҲûгɹĿܡ
ҵˡ
һڶ󣬷ڴȥʱҵ뾧ʯƵĵطЩȻƫ֮Զ
ĺӶΣԱļΣӵӿȣвҲ
ĿںɨɫĺˮУһ޵Ӱļĺлš
֮Уǳ˺ˮͱˣϵ;УһƳҲδŵĶҲмΪǿľı֮ӡ
ޱȿֲĴӣֻǰȴƽСϪȫıںˮѰʳ
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á
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ʯмŵİȫ·ߣμԺطҲڽ¡
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ط켶һԶ̫ٻĽϢȴСطάָõʱ䣬ĻЧҲá
ͨһ
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޾ϲȻ֪һ飬Լпܱµĺˮ飬ȴǿ侲ǵû룬Ǽ³ȥ
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ȻȷһȺѹȻСҲ±ȹ̡
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ĿȥȣܿһŵӰһӴĻɫʯÿһɫʯǳޱȣʮ׷ԲСҲ״С
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֪ﲻΣգЩޱȵĻɫʯڣͬȻϣס˴˷ӿǱİȫ
ȫ·ߣЩɫʯ֮С
ЩɫʯܿǵĻһطѹϧǲĵر޷ת硣źҡҡͷĵر޷ǵӵ쾡£Էʵߡ
ʵ֮ۡ
ջ˼ʵۣ֮ܿҵһȫ·ߣԺе·ӡ֤
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ƬŻɫʯǳĴ󣬷ǰγʮȻУֻɫʯ𽥱٣ӦģΣҲΪӡ
Ҵ⣬ʵۣ֮ѰΪĵط
ģ˵ͼ·ߵĩβ
̫ǳһЩɫ΢䣬ԭӦüڵĵطȴɫĺˮһ
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÷뿪ɫʯǼʵۣ֮ҲжôΪĵطشɱ
ĶʱȻĿĹˣȻĿһ
ǡ
ע⵽ĺˮУһ΢΢ŹâϸĻ׾ͱԵ
ĿȥʱǸһɫĹŸص·
ΧǱӿţɫ򲻶Źâ
һڵķӡ
λʵҲǰطµķӡȻҲǼ᲻ɴݣƽʱҲͰˣ֮ӱʱڷӡھ޴ѹ£ȴ¶
ҲΪʲôҪ֮ӱʱܽԭˡ
ʱڷӡѾʮֲȶֻҪһ֮ܽ档
ڵǣôȥ
ǰھɫʯ򣬲ף׾ܹȥڣȴ֮⣬Ѷ
Ȼûƫ֮⣬ѾʮˣףһЩյġ
ƴˡ
ҧҧ
һӴĻɫʯԣȴš
ΧһɫʯǰûκȻˡ
ûмжиڰ׹âźѰõʱ
ڡ
һ̣ǰ·ϣӿĺҲģûκԥ뿪˻ɫʯ
Ӵѹʱ˷ӿײϡ
ûȫǰ
ȷιһʱҲܲסѹȻ鿪
Χĺˮ̳˷
˾ûκεĻҡ
~
һ̫ٻɵ˷طת£˲ļ
ҿ
һȣȫһնĹ۳һֻڣչ裬ӴΧĺˮſһȫͨڷǰ
ʱ١
̫ٻȥʱַ֮ɵǰطת£ʱٵԼϣʱܵʱı䡣
~
·һŭٴͨ˳ɫǰһն档
ɲǼ䣬ɫһζһʵĹŸֳ
Ӱ磬̴š
棬ͨȻˮӿŻָԭ



1239 ת̣ϣ
âŲڵϡ
ûΧ͸оһ֮˹
ɫ΢䣬ͶӰ̳ڱ󣬽֮ȫ˽ȥ
ͶӰ΢΢ζţܿƽ
ʱ˿Ŀɨʼܡ
ڷǰģһԴεĲԭһƬĿɫһֲεضɢʢ
ϷǺĺɫƲ㣬·ŷ籩ӭꡣ
ǡ
ȻһϸȥǰʲôɫԭͺɫƲ㡣
ǲԴεĲԭεضֲ꣬ǼΪ֮ϷĺɫƲ㣬Ϊ֮
֮ôڷǰ
֮зֵ֮ôһ̬Բţڴδʹù£ǻȻݱˣȴҲǲܣӦҲλĹڡ
֮ĵȼҪԶھԨͺ
֮֯һ𣬾ʹĪѹ
ڵλãɫԭǺں̽֯ĵ棬Կʯ̶ֳɫеʯɫռϷ磬еɫռϷ磬Ҳе߲ΰ롣
Ҫ̤ɫԭҪȹЩʯĿ顣
һǧףҾ봿֮ԶԽ֮ԽǿҲԽҡء
̤ɫԭǰ˿ӵ֮塣
ܵ˳УҪͶӰ˳ܷ֮ĳͱҪ
Ƿɻߣ֮ܵᷢ仯
гڣȻ֮ܿ룬ͶӰȶҲйϵھֻܿԼˡ
ڵңܿԶһǰȥ
һףףס
ոߵһٶ׵ĵطɫ΢䣬ͶӰĻζļ·һ̾ͻ
ߣ˻ԭء
һʮףڵļޡҡҡͷɫԭа˰ٶףǳԶ
ȫ֮ɡ
Ǳؾ֮·Ҳûбѡ
֮ڶ㣬
һɣͶӰڵĻʯͻĴϣ֮ǰһͶӰֻǾпտǡ
»˳ܰȫҲܷʹá
Ҳڳû˷ʱ䣬ʱֵ֮ĵȼʱԭʯ£ʱٷ˸ı䣬һ
һʱ£õʱҲࡣ
󣬷ʼ֮
ûлʯǰЧȻȲԨ֮ǵʱ򣬲ʱҲûй˼ɣʱ٣Լ»Чͨĺֹһ淨ڳ»£ǻɹ֮ˡ
ô⣬ѶҲԶ淨
ʱ֮ȫһַ˼ٶţԨ֮ǵʱ򣬻ҪĿ졣
֪»𾪵˵
ҲһζĿޣһٶȻͻ̸ж֮֮
ʮ
ߵ״
һº󣬷ߵ״
ԽԽӽɫԭͺɫƲ㣬ܵѹԽ
ڶ£ߵ˰˰ס
ţԽԽ
صԭһοޡ
ֹ˰¡
ͶӰʯһһıĴϣڣһ쳹ͶӰ
ʯ·ǻһ㣬һͶӰϡ
֮ڶ㣬ɡ
ͬʱͶӰҲ͵һֱ仯Ѹӵÿһ䣬ǰδеȹ̡
ˡվŵĹʣ֮ڶɣɶת
ûԥǰ
˰״һξֹڴˣͶӰţȻʱȴû˿Ļζ
ɣͶӰȹ̣ȫ÷Ծݡ
˰ʮףŰףŰʮס
ûκεߵɫԭǰޱȵ֮ͶӰ΢΢ζţȴǿɳܡ
ʱʣ࣬תɡ૵
Ԫзɳڷܡ
һɫԭ£һſֲȻڻΪһɫҺ˷
ϷɫƲ㻺תţƺõı㹻һɫҺδ䡣
麣ͶӰ·ڶɵǰɫҺͺɫҺΣȫա
˴ԶĻܿɫɫ֯澰λĵˡ
ڷʼתʱ
ؽ磬֮ǵսҲʽʼ



1240 ת̣£
ؽ磬ϳ֮ǡ
ͻȻ䣬һ촫ȫǣ·ʲôݺݵײ˳ڡ
ǣоպȫɫ䣬ǿǽ֮ǵҪ֮ء
һǿٶȣϵ˽ɷ
𾪵ĿϳһѺۣȻڻʧţȴʵĴڣ˵ڸոգ˳ĳ
ǽǿȫˡ
ĪʱڽĵطһӰ˳
պ˴ʧɫʶҪ֣Ȼǿ˭󣬶ʱ˿


֮ˣȻϳ֮ǵĳ
˲ҵæ
Ҳһɻ󣬴ʱĳʱ̫һɫЩ԰ס
һˣ°ɣպ¡˵ɻ󣬳ȴޱ顣
ôɻ󣬼ȻҲΥ
ȵһߣպ׼˵ȴϺȻӿһ󳱺죬һǣһѪ͵籡
պ󺧣æǰһס˳ʱŲ˼㣬ˣֻղǰȴǿסˡ
Ҫšһͳﲻȫһس
Ƭ̺˻ص˳
滺·һЩҩɫҲÿ˲١
⵽ô£ΪʲôڳﶼҪС˭˵ôأպ̲סʵ
ھģħ۽׷ɱ
ħ۽ɱһ㣬һ·ƴ׷ɱµٶȣóѶܣֻڵ֮⣬óԾ˿ͷ
֮£ֻӣͣܣͻغڰ½첻
գǻص㸽ƴųħ۽ȫһΪۣص˵ؽ硣
ûУ󣬳ʳ⡣
ȻĵģǻĻֻҲͨĵ޻صؽ硣
׷ɱ;УҲǱһ˿ϣ
ûУǺͳһ𣿡պ͵һ䣬ˣΪʲôʱûкͷһ
⻰Ķʱ˰ء
ûлǿܻļʣͷǳˡ
ڱħ۽׷ɱʱͺͷʧȥϵħ۽ȥ֮ˡ
ͻع֪Լ˰ˡ
ԷȻбħ۽ƴ׷ɱԼô϶бĺ֣ʧȥԼı³֪
뿪ڼ䣬һ£ʯڴԼǰͻȻ飬ӦҲھġպ㱨
λط仹һλ䣬һ¡
ǽ֮ǵˣҲʯ
պҲɻȻǸ߲磬Σճ̶Ȳ˵طǿߣֻҪ̫ùҲڻ䣬һӾλȥ޷⡣
ˣ͵һ¶֮ɫ
Ļ֮һϿԿ϶һ㣬ϾڵԪǣϳ֮ǵˣҲͼˣܰ㵽ԼҲԼε֣пܣЩȫϣ׵ġ
˵ѶóϲȻ֪ûǣȥ˵һЩڳ׾
ãĺá
֮⣬ʲô£
ǣ֮ǵսѾʽʼҰϳ֮˵λպɫЩѿ
ڣ￵ȻˣǿķӰȫޣǱ߸սʲôȥӦԣ
λһ֪ϳ֮ǻᱻеôǰΪʱ򣬴֮Ǳɨ档
жٻڴָŷܹǵλ˳ȴûתء
һȥ룬ϳ֮ǵ˳Ų
Ȼ˴֮ǵĸоչҪȺֱӱɨĺá

֮ӡ
ԴԴĴ֮ͶӰעڡ
ͬʱ
桢ˮ汦˷ڣţԪҲڻһֻС͵ԡˣ̺ŷס˷

~
Ȼ䳹׵ķ飬屻죬һδԭеļޣӭ
֮Ҳ뵽֮Уһ뷽ںϣȼգ·ǷڷʱţԽԽǿѹ


1241 
ϵɫԭϵĺɫƲ㣬ʧڷܵʱ򣬱մ
طûбùǵһʹߡ
Գ˵۹ط֮ʮɶתȻʱڷܵʱȴǱȫʧոպ㹻
ͺͺĵϿգȼţ۾ӭɱ䡣
תԽܴԽ֮һںϣǿѹ
ʵһˣʱվûڷǰվȡ
֮չֳǵǿ
ںϵĽУڵտռ䣬Ҳ·ǳ˾޴ѹ㣬һϸܵƺʲôѿ
ϡ䣬Կһɫ͸
⴦տռ䣬λΪҪ˵ι̿϶Ҳܣпֲ֮ʱ̳ţټڲѹл£Ҳǳ˱ļ
Ȼĳɹ;磬ǷɿţڳƽǰһӰھĵͶӰڡ
ŶתҲǳɹͻƵ˶ľڡ
ܻУȻ۾һ̤
䡣
տռܵѹһ۷壬л£֧ŲסȻ鿪
ɫĺˮʱĵطӿ룬ģǿֲ
ȻЩڽӽʱȴ֪ģٶȻ仺
վɫ䣬طԶڽ£һס˷
~
ˮʹײϣȴײ˸߲ʵϣ˷ֺֻڷܲʵš
תģȫͬĵرڴʱķУǽȻͬܡ
Ǳʱ֮ӣɣǴʱ֮ȴʮֵƽ
ơ
̫ٻУŷһӳԶ֮ǰĸӴĽ۳˫չ䣬Χĺˮ
ڳϣ֮ɫĺˮ׷ױһ޴ֱͨͨ˺棬ֲĻڣ֮ΧɫΣǿճһ顣
һʱʧ
ܵĹ𣬷Ҳ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䡣
Σ뿪ؽ絽ڣԳһꡣ
֮ǻع顣

ؽ硣
֮ǵսѾʼһʱ䣬ǰǰİٶ֮Ǳɨ
͡
ҲΪ֪Ƕǧ֮˵ָ£޵еľ
İٶ֮ǣǰȫǲһ
Щ֮棬Ҳһ콾ʵͣȻûһˣ͵Ķ֣ǿˣҲ޷гŹʮغϡ
һ֮ǵ콾꣬ڶս͵ʱغھͱܡ
Ľ֮ǣҲǲһ
ڶĽ֮ǣǰս֮ʱ᲻𿹺
̶͵֣ν졣
֪жޱȣǲϧһдۣ֦Ҫߣʮط۵Ķ
˼ĺô˶Ϊ֮ۺ죬޲ôʹӦ
Ȼ͵ĻӦȴͳͳܾ
Ŀ꣬һǧʢᣬ֮ǰκ롣
֮ǵˣȻϲЦտһʤҲǽ֮Ǻ͵۷塣

ϳ֮ǣ
ЩһﻹǲҪʹʲô̶ȣպһķ߷߲ƽ˵ʲôᣬеۻ֮ˣǧһľ콾Ͳ˵ǰ޹ˣˣҪҪˡ
̾һҡҡͷ
Ӵ֮ǿʼսͳȥۿȷʵеޱ𾪣СС;˵ۻ֮ˣĻʷ۲κ
Ҫ֪콾һܷʷ۰ˣ˫֮Ĳ֪
ӦֻĽ֮ǣû뵽ƫƫ˴֮УҲڶ֮ǵգĺɨʧ
໹ʮ죬֮Ǿͻսڣʲôȥ￵ǣպΡ
ȻڳŬ£ϳ֮Ǳս˳򣬾ܵӺˣǶİٶ֮ǱսµĽ֮Ҳǲࡣ
δ֪ϳ֮ǵǿߣֻ￵ˡ
ǰ￵һغ϶סңʵǷˣҲûʤĿܡ
͵ǿϣ
չ黹ǲɱģʧ𡭡ƽԱߵķ֣вʡ



1242 ع
ڣһƬš
ͻȻĴѶʯع
֮ǵĳǰݷãüͷ벻ͨԷʱǰĿġ
ϳ֮Ǻ֮ǣңԶϺмĻᣬҲȥԪǽʶ˫˵㽻飬Ҳ̸ж
֮սĽ֮УҲû֮ǣˣǵĵȻһͷˮ
ҲˣҲʧȥ
⡣
պӭ֮ǵĵߵųûĽ֮ô󣬽ǳǰ
ּˣһЦݵĴżζ֮ɫҡ
Ȼĵˣȴóպɴ۾
պ㻳ԼۻˣϸȥǴ꣬Ƿ˭
Ҳһ𾪡
ôҲ벻Ȼ֮ǵһ֡
ǵģҲЩΡ
뿪֮Ӻ󣬷ʹôͷܿͻص˺ڰ½ûʲôΣգ̫칬ĽģҲһֱȥ
ͨľģȻȻҲռ䣬ھģȴû취صؽ磬ֻͨˡ
˵ǣڵԪǣ׼ȥ
֮ǲڱ֮ս֮УҲûбҪŻع飬дʱ䣬úû뵽ȥʱȴ˷
ҲǳһʱӦڵؽսŶԣԴˣûнֻ̫࣬͸¶һЩ׷ɱʵ
Ȼһͬعؽ硣
صؽ磬ֵĵطȻ֮ˣϳ֮׼ǰϢȴҪһϲΪɣ
ڣ֪ǰĳȻȥܰѷмһССЦ˴š
ļʱع飬һעǿļóܲѡ
Ѿ˶תպĿ⣬һֱڷϣƬ̺󣬲žɲʵ
ܸоӷɢݳĿѹһֵľĸо
Ҫ֪պҲǶתط
ȻڷǰȴоĪѹ·űԼߵǿڡ
ֻ֪أԷĻһϢѹĻ֪θ롣
Ҳɫһ䣬оתǶתȥǵط
ǡ˵ͷ
һͬСɣ֮ǱǺεȿ£ӣвСΣգ᷽һˡ
ͬǶתҿҲͲ΢ЦǵſϷ
ԣЦЦȴûлش
ͺãʮ죬ץʱ켶ĵر˵
һǿҲҪӦĵر
ƿ켶ĵرʹ켶Ļɻʵۿۡ
һĵرȻҪʱ䡣
ǳṩģ϶ûӡ֮һЩⷽȫ÷ʮڣһ켶ĵر
ʱ
ĴѶʯһţɫޱȵѿ
ûʮˣɶ񡭡
պˣҲӸԵӵϢ
ʲôЩ޵࣬ȻһսûУֱѡͶպȻŭ
ò˵ʵ̫ǿˡ
ʮ֮ǣϳ֮⣬ȫѡͶһֻʣϳ֮ûս
պеŭǣŴսĴҲĬȻλ￴ʮ̫֮˵ûʲôĥãҲĬ˴¡
һ֮ǵսϾͻᵽ
ٹһ죬Ǿͻᵽ
պһƬңֻʣһʱ䣬ô켶ĵرʱ켶ĵرս
ʱȴЦ
õģѾһ켶ĵر΢Ц
ѵ˵۾͵
Ǻǣ֮ǵĵرºֻҪ㻹һͬĵرɡ
·ϣȻҲǵʱ⡣
֮ǵ죬ҲЩˬóһ켶ĵرҲ㲻ʲô͵ǽ÷ͳ
һ̣ĸм˵Ըӡ
ǰѷ˻ͳһ켶ĵر̫ˡ
ڣ͵ǹսɡ
֮ǵͣһ·ϣĶ䶼Ҫˡ
۾ǿս⡣



1243 Ľ֮
֮УһӴķйٷš
ǿҵĹԴӹɢͬһɢŹâ
йǴ֮ǵݡ
Ǻǣϳ֮ǣȻôĹڣһӿŴѶʯеݣЦ
⣬ڻˡ
֮ǰڷ˾껺Ȼڡ
۵ˣϳ֮ǵĳǰǵǿҪͷ޷ӭսΪɣѱս˳Ųӵ˳һʮ塣ӵ
˵ǣϳ֮ǾȻȻɨǵӣȥ˷ԪԲ׷ŹǣҪ˵ͶǺ¡·һ߹Ц
ӣȻǴ֮ǵĳ
˵ĶԻ˾껲ɵͷȥסȭͷ
ܸʧȥԪĪ衣
ͣʱ㲻Ҫ֣ǷʹɱҲҪİҴ֮ǰڶʳҪصĴۡ
˵Ŀ⣬ʱ˹ǰС
һĿƽĺԻ۾ɲǼ䣬ڳҫ۵ĹԣվıȽϽ˾껵ȣɫһоĪѹ
꣬͡
Ұɡ͵
˵꣬ûбķϻ
ȴ¶֮ɫһ㶼͵̬ȡ
ϳ֮ǣһСС·ʯˣĿֻ꣬󶥼֮ǵЩ콾
սǴ֮ǾͻõʹͣʱھһĻۣǧʢУҲŹʡ
뵽ʱķ⣬Լ֮Ǽӭľ޴оͳڴ
һССϳ֮ǣû

һսϳ֮ǡ
һڣϳ֮ǳ˴֮أ˴ӸӿΪһô˵Уеۻ֮˵ͷɡ
ϳ֮⣬УһӴޱȵսٳ
һһ׷׽٣սΧս
սĹģ͵ȼǰطǿսά֡ڣָԶӴս͵
û뵽Ķóˡ
֮ǣòκεطٳսȻΪ
һսǷ΢ЦĿսս᲻ţ
վԣطѹ˵ȴǲһ㡣
Ļ΢΢һЦ
ţ
Ӧ˷ܺڴɣһսĹעȣԶǰκһУκεĽźͲ
ֻһʱ䣬Ҳûʲô׼ģչضûУǻ״̬ӭⳡս
ǲٰп
һٵܶ඼Ϊ֮ݡ
ս⣬һǿĽ٣Ҳ
ö
̫˶ˣͷһλǰط
ʥȪоطǿ

Թ۵Уʱʱķ̾һаطĶǺܳоطʵĴɳս
Щ棬Ǻϳ֮ϰϵģǵͳε򣬸Ǿ뼫ңԶȻʱΪ˹۶һսȴǷ׷׸˹
ЩһȣΪǿ̫칬Ȼʧɫˡ
ͻȻȺһɧ
һӴۣ֪ʱĵĳսΧȻû˲ôֵġ
ȿϵı־ˣǸ֮ǵˣȫǵһ˾κˡ
Ľ֮ǡ
ϵı־ȻĽ֮ǡ
ġ֮֮һʥءȺУ˶Ǽ֡
󶥼֮Ƿǳأλǧ֮ǵ۷壬ÿյ˶࣬Ȼ󶥼֮߳ˣ޲Ǿ콾ǧ֮ǡ
ܱ󶥼֮ǿУ˵֮ݣȥоطʡʮطǿߵĴпܽʥΪġ
ȻĽ֮Ƕˡ
ͣǺεȵ޵֮ˣĿ
˶Ǿ̾֡
Ķˣ´֮ǵ˸ͷˡЦ
ţЩ졣
֮ǣǵĸ߰»˵ΪĽ֮ǣǺϵĵô˼ɣ˵ڴ֮ߵģĽ֮ǵ·
ͱֵ̫ɫĻһĽ֮ǵķۣⶥ֮ǵ᲻ܾ
ֻ



1244 ˾껵ս
Ľ֮ǵĳ֣Ϊ֮𾪣Ҳò
ٱ֮ǺɨǵŰԵĽ֮ǣҲֻ׼Ц
֮ǵأô
û˵ȴá
һӴķйԶʻܿ͵սΧһЩСæĶܡ
ˡ
йڣ֮ǵĳȴƽ
Ľ֮ǡ
ԶǶۣɫѿĽ֮ͷԴԶԶܱģҪǳֵĻǴ֮ǣǺ͵ġ
һߣȻи˾껣ǺͱͲԶˡ
֮ǵ֮ƣȻܴۣҪﵽԤеĸ߶ȣǧˡ
ɶЩûٵļһսȭͷɣ͵ĳɫȻᱻԷС
ʱͿˡ
뵣ģĽ֮룬Ҳȥġ΢΢̧ͷУźͽ
ҾͲţһĽ֮ǣһ綥֮ǵˡ
ƽⷬ˵οӣʵ뷨
̫ˣĽ֮ǶûзţƾԼԺɨһУܶԷʲôʲô
ԣ΢΢˿͵˽⣬֪滰
Ľ֮ҪߣҲҪͬС
뵽ʱ
ߣǳȥһսһҪճӹЦ
ϡ
֮ǵˣҲóȥˡ
˵ͷ
һ۳ǰŷˣɳ˽֮ǣս
ϳ֮ǵҲˣס
ǵǳһսҪʼˡ
˶ʱ˷
кϷˣϳ֮ǣ˵ܸ֮һ鷳Ҫ֪ϳ֮ǵķʱ򣬿ǻ˾껣Ҳһλɶõ콾⽫һĳɳҲгĽȺУϢ֮ͨ˵
˵˵ϣͱ˷˾ܺͱȣ˾ʲôŵۻ֮˵ǰǲһ
ҲͣʤӦòκǲ֪Ƿ֧żˡ
ĿǰΪֹİٶ֮ǣǿҲûǰʮУⷽҲ⡣
۷׷ס
ȻһǾ˵ķ磬ȫڣǰ֧ŶãΪӮģһûС
û취ʵ̫ˣİٶ֮սǿ޵֮ġ
˵ۣޱ飬еɫ˾껣סȭͷ
ӵǵ˳ɣ¡
Ȼ̬ȣͷ·һսһƵģȻ⣬ȻҲΪ
ŭ⣬̬ȣǼŭ˳˵̫磬˭ʤ˭δ֪
֮ǵĳ
΢΢һЦȴǸûеһ£Ҳúͳϻȥ
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һ
˵ʵ˾ҲΪ֮ˣ򵱳Ҳðʧȥ˷ԪҲûб
֮ǰսĽ֮ʱҲȫͳսʱԷս̫࣬˾껾ͻӹȥǿ֮˸͡
ˣ˾껳սĻҲ˵ĹȥϾ֮֮սˡ
ͣô룬ͣһսҲǷǷ
Ƿ˾껶磬ĶֲҪҲա͵
Ȼչһս̫Ķֵ֣ȤûС
ã˾껣սúõĽѵһͨϳ֮ǵˡ˵ͷΪ˾껵Եʶʧ棬˾ûҲʧΪһ¡
л˾껴ϲ
һ˶ʱ£ս
ô£˾ȥˣأ
˶סˡ
˾ǵȻʶҲһλ콾ǺͱͲֵһˡ
ǲԶΪǿͣɲ˾껡
ڸʲô
ϳ
˶Ľ
˵ıԹ˾껳ţһ볡۾ֱŷϡ

ǵԼս˵Ҫֻ㣬սͣȹһء˾
һ΢΢ü
˾껵ʵҲǼΪǿڶ֮УҲʵǰе콾ʱȻ˷Ҳ࣬Ҫǿ١
óǵǣ㷽Ӯ˾껣϶ҲỨѲˣʱٶͣԭͺãʤʻĸӲʵ



1245 һԾ
ѵ㲻ҳս
ҶӮˣʲôʸͳ֣
սУ˾껳޵ĵŷȵ
ⷽô³ָսˣսʤ˾𣿡
ǲһǴΣ˲ûֱսͨ˭ߵĸԶֳ£Ҳ˵˾껾һ緽ˡ
Χ˶۷׷
Ǵν˵һУϾǺս
ҪǴĻкܶӰʤأʵǿҲпܷӲãӶ
һĻ΢̡
ǴʧĲӰ죬ڱֻ࣬Ҫ˾սʤܳ׵ŤתΪá
Ǵ֮Ĵʱκε۵㡣
սУ˾ǳƵĿ⣬΢΢һЦһ׼ս
Ȼȴֹס
￵ɡ
￵һ
ϣһӰٷȥսǽڷ￵
Ȼϳ֮ǵĵһˣǣҲñûһֻᰡ΢Ц
뷨￵ˣĥһ˾껵ҲҪŪʵ÷иΪ׼Ͼȥ˰࣬˾껵ʵǻȣ϶г
ңҲ͸ڵʵʲôΡ
˵˶תҪ˵ʵһͻͽȴҲδء
˰š
˵ͷĿͶս￵ϡ
ţһתü
￵츳궼в磬յ˵ʱһת
תͷȥ߷·֪еɻ󣬵ͷҲ÷׹
ǳӦֶˣϾ֮ǰδҲ˵׼ܻܲŻȻ취˱ս˳򣬵ҲҪǵزȫ￵Ļпڶʱڣһת
򣬱սţȴһһת˶ûУҲ̫òˡ
￵һ볡˾껵üͷʱ
ĻɫҹҪսǷ˾ϳ֮ǣ˷⣬һۡ
ϳ֮ǣֻһ￵Ҫսȹһذɡ
ⷬ˾껸ո˵ȴ￵֮⣬Ȼ˵˾°ܽûսʸ
˾ϣȻŷ˱ɱ⡣
ãܺáŭЦֻ￵Ŀ⣬ͬһ㡣
սģһλطǿߣȷ볡˫󣬶ʱսʼ
~
սԵ·ˮѸٱ˵ȴսӵǰĿռ䱻˳ȥγһĿռ䡣
ҪֵĻƿռ䣬ܽս
սǿȣҲҪطʵһ򣬲ͻƣ󻯵ı֤˹ƽԡ
У޷㣬ҵ䡣
˾ָ￵ǰ΢΢ζ¡
սȴûܵ谭˾껿Ļϳ֮ǵ˶ŭ
Բѡ￵ЦһҶһתͲţԼжŲȥ
￵ɵ
С֪ǵ
ϳ֮ǵ˷׷Ϊ￵ô˵ҲͰˣ˾ʲô⣬Ƿ°ܽҲҴԲѡ
˾Ц
ֲ϶ȻɫĹâ۳˽ɫ״˾ϣȥ顣
һʼ˾껾óѹ׵淨֮
Ŀ΢ע⵽ʱ˾ϵ֮Ҫǻǿ࣬ģ·ǻƵģӵܡ
ã֮ߵľ硣ɫ΢䡣
֮淨֮һ߾ӵʵʱ˾ûֵز
ڵľ磬ҲһתԲ￵ĸոһתҪǿ࣬ҲԳ߾֮Ӵѹ
￵Ҫˡüͷ
Ȼһת￵طɻĺԶ
ȥ˾и֮ɫ͵ĳγһֻɫľ޴ƣݺ￵
ûн֮Ŀֲѹ￵дĸо
ȫĵرƴȫŽɫƺȥ
Ȼ޴ʵ£ȴûκ塣
һ䣬￵𣬹ȫ߽⣬ĵرҲԶԶ˿ȥ˾껺ĵڶĳ
~
￵߷ݰ׷ɳȥѪ죬ڶ£ϵĹٶһϡ
˾껲ɱˣǿһЩƣһ£ˡ
ǿ
֮
ԹУ˶ǵһһЩطɫףһ֮ȥҪĽҲѡ
ƾ߾֮˾껵ʵط
ʵѾܹ͸֮ǵĽʹȼ硣˶䡣
ʹʵطұӵмǿʵˣʸ񵣵
ǰս˾껺ٳ֣Ҳûʹȫ
һΣ˲ʶ֮ǲ;˫˾껣ޱȵ졣
ϳ֮ߣȻֹ˶¶ɫ
˾껶ʵˣ˵лҪԶʤָͣεȵ޵С
ɵĺá¶Цݣ˾һ䣬Ŀ˳Ƶңϳ֮Ǿֻ㱾£

ʱ˾Ҳû뿪ûҪϢֱս
ɫ
￵ʵڷ֮£һô³Ҳκ𣬶Ҳ˾֮סˣδսӡ
Ұɡ
ɨսе˾껣ɱ⡣
׳գ



1246 һ
жŭ
˾껵ʵԶ￵֮ϣȫܹ׻￵Ȼڷֳʤ֣ǣ˾껸ûôʮֵĽ￵ˣһϵĹ
һԣǽ֮Ǽսû޵ĻȫûҪĺ֡
￵˾زʶ֮ҲκεĳԹȻ˾껻֣ǳŷģͨΪս
ΪԷĺ⣬Ǩŭˣ˼޹β÷ŭ
Сġ
죬ֻ˵һ䣬ԱߵҲüͷ
Ƕû뵽֮ǾȻ֮ǿһ˾껾԰Ӵ󲿷ֽ֮ˣ˵иǿͣԭͲģʧ
ϳܸ֮Ѿûˡ
ֻԼ
˵ͷĿ䣬Цɨգսе˾ϡ
Ƽ䣬￵ˣ˾Ҳǵ֣˾ηĿ̧ͷƵĿŷȻһָ
Ц
~
һʱսͬʱһӣһӿ˵￵˳ȥ
ˡ
ϳ֮ǵĵһˣԾ֮ǵĵڶˣ֪ʲô
˵˾̫ǿˣⷽȻӮ¸࣬˶нȴδػжʤ㡣
볡Χ˶ʱ˷
ǿһƾеսȻͳܿһսҲǲˡ
Ľ֮ǵϣǳ˼ӰµĿսȻ˾껺ͷ֮սҲǲһȤ
սʼ
սİطȷ˿ʼͬʱսԵţγ˶Ŀռ䡣
Уֻʣ·˾ˡ
ڵȵһˡ˾Ķŷ˲ŨŨ⡣
֪ʧܺҵȴһıѩ޵ȴ˶ã
˾ǽ޵˹ˡ
ǷҲʧȥԪôڵ˵Ѿ˶תʵһ¥ر𣬸û׷ϵĿܡ
ǳڶԷĳޣʱƴ漣һ㣬֮߾磬ɹ̤ط֮
еŬûûҹΪһ졣
Ŀ£ݺݵĻܷ̤ڵأһʧȥϺͽ
ģҲ򵥵Ĵģһǰݺݵ㣬Ȼʲô￵İһ֪㷽һǴЬ䡣˾оǷ֮ɫĳ֣ѹ˰ĳԹһԶͷ˳
ɹ֮߾磬ҲԼġ
һ֪Ӯȡ˷ԪǰȴȻûаô
ĮĿ˾껣Ъ˹ķй
˵ˣȵ˾ͣŵ
˾һ
Ȼ˵ˣ˵һ䡣һָζ£һУһڰܲ㣬䡣
һУ˾껣
⻰һ˶סˣԼĶ˴
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ǿߣһлܣ
ԭ˾˵ڻ￵Ϊˣ֪˾껻Ҫ
Ǻǣһа˾껣ǸЦ̲סЦųͷϳ֮ǵǲе㡭Ѱ
ûƣŹ
Է˽⣬˵󻰣ѵ˵գ
ⷽʵ̫ЦˣΪԼ˭𣿡
ϳ֮ǶˣⷽҲûʲôţСֶΣҪû䡣
Ҳԣǧսʤ˾껣滹һǿͣûӮʱˣ˳
ûжΪ˵ģֻΪҪСֶΡ
һлңսڣ˾껸ǿЦԲţԼͷĲֵزҲ˵ڴţ
׳գҾȻĴ
˵ĳмţǰ˾껣ڱ㹻ǿˣڷȴ㲻ʲô
кֶܶΣԻ˾껡
ǣ￵ˣ÷бһŻҲŭСˣҪ޿ɱ粵ܡ
ŰɡĿǿ
˾һ
ҵϾʵҲһʱ֮ɫ״ϣеһ㡣
һЦһһȼźɫĺɫǰ
켶ĵرɫΧ˶ʱ΢࣬ͲмҲƿһĵرʵҲطûжˣΪһл˾껡
ǳۻ
ĵر֣Ҳ͸ĵر
УǳۻıһӴޱȵǳΪĳԵײ˵ؽ磬ȻûϾͱƬڵؽĳһһꡣ
УΪһʯģ׹һµĻɽ֮Уĳǵûбɽĸ¸ڻ٣˻ɽĻ棬ڻԵɺתĵر֮ǵ˵õͻĵرļޣճɳľ硣
ϳ֮ǵ·ϣɹǳۻѡĵرҲΪ̫ٻ֮ƿ֡
~
ŷĴ߶ǳۻû˷ڣţֲĻԷΪģ˷йȥ
һ̤
µĵȻ˹ҽɢֲĸ£ⲻͨĻɽҽ켶ĵر߶Ҫǰǿ
Ŀ䣬ٲǰĵطµĴزϻ˿ѸٱһֲҽӿϢ
ⲻ˼һĻ˶Ŀɿڴ
ôܣôܽ켶ĵر߶ֵزʧɫ
־ʵֲ̫ˡ
һӴҽڷĽѸγɡ
ʲô˾껳׵ˣǰʧݻһУĵ׵ӿ⣬־ǣҽıƽоϴŵ֮·ǳ˼ѹڷ
ɡ
ӿűɱ⣬֮ľ뱻̣ûжԥѡ˳֡
¡¡~
Ӵҽҵܿһ޴ĻɽҽŷһȭӴĻɽҲǺݺѹ˾껡
Ҳţһǻþơ˾껸ͲţԼͷ֮Ĳֵ࣬زƴ߶֮ȫ˷Ӵɽ
ȻԵ£ȴûκ塣
ӴĻɽΡ벻׻˾껵Ĺƣţݺѹȥ
һ˻
˾ϵ֮׷飬ֲĻ˾ڣ˶ѹſ˵ϣµĻȻŷ˳·ǻһ򣬴ӿ˻档



1247 ͳ
ס֡
һŭһ־޴ƾճ֣ݺײսҪֽȥ֣Ҫ˾껡
Ҫ
һ䣬ͬǻӳһƣذĹӿ֣һ
Ȼ֪սļֵ̣ܲĽȥȻûԹۡ
˺ݺݽһУȫǻһźƮɿȥ
λ֮ǵùʵ˱ƷɳȥۻλطĽ¡
㡭Ȼŭųűɱ⡣
ʲô㣬֮ǰ￵˵ʱ㿴ûг֣˵Ǵ֮ǵˣסˣѵǵ˾͸ӽ󣿡Ц
ԾУֻҪͿˣ㿴˾Ȼȥң֮ǣ
ŭĻȴҲ÷Ҳ鼱֣ȴӰ쵽սץʹš
˶ͶǱģǷŭʡ
λֵİط˹õĿһۣ˹أսеսκ˲ò֣Ҫжٴﶼڹעһս˿Ц
ǡ֪ᣬ̲סϳ֮ǵķֶҲ̫ˡ
ۺܺ˾껱ȣҲַ飬ȫ˾껵ıӦ˭ȣǵ￵ʲô³ѵûЦ
һ͡
֮ǰ˾껵֣ڳ˶ܿóҲ粵ˡ
ŭһö࿴սе˾һۣתص˷йڣֻɫѿ
дˬͬʱıҲޱȡ
û뵽תִ켶ĵرķȻǿֵز
˼飬ǲ˼飬ԭΪ˾Ѿǹǿˣڶ֮жǰУһڻû뵽ⷽӵǿ󡣡
һڻ˾껣Ȼġ
еˣҲع׷׷˾̾
ı֣ˡ
ս˾̱ڵϣ˶˽̿ƵģҽҲֹЪȥǳۻֱڱǻԵģϣǷˣ˿ϻĴָۣҲֹڴˣĿǰľ綼䡣
ƣԶ￵ء
ǣ˾껵ȻأǱסˣûһŭ֮½ɱҲչֳǿĿ
˲˾껵ʵѾܹͽʹȼˣֻǺεǿ󣿱ȼ縱𣿡
˵ʵȻҪȽʹǿܶ࣬ҪһڻܽʹȴҲǾ޿ܡ
йڣˮҲЩ
ԭΪһսǴ֮ǵ֮սκε⣬֪Ȼðô̬һˡ
ͣа𣿡̲סʵ
ԱߣĿƽƽʼգû¶֮ɫǷչֳʵһл˾껶ˡ
ⷽʵʸҵĶ֡͵ǿҵĹתţ·С̫
һսûʧ
¶һ˿ЦݣżڴֻиǿĶ֣ܳгǿ
оеţ˿
Ȼս;УҲвٶ֣֧֮ãЩ˵ʵǱȲ˾껡
ƺԶûһл˾껵ķǿͻ˶
ǰս͸ûгȫЩ֣һսʸûС
˾㣬һʼ㾡ȫģûǰ߳һС
˾ˣӸֵˣڿˡ
Զľͣǲ޵У˾껲Զˡ
ͶԾλ콾˭ǿأ
ȫڴ
ԭûκĶԾŷĺճҲôȷȻ÷ˣȻǺܶ࣬󲿷ֵˣΪ͵ʤ
֮ǰΪǰ߲ʮеˣȴûˡ
ʵҲӮ˵ء
Ҳ¶ϲɫܷ͵ĶԾΣϳ֮ǶӮңȻ͵֮սͬҲո¶ͷǣЩ۽磬սϳ֮ǱȻҲܵʹͣӶ
̫硣Цתͷ͵ֺһ㣬Ҫⷽ˵ı˾껸أٵϳ֮ǵϣ
ʱ򣬳ɫһǳʡ
ĵ˵ͷ⣬Ҳһ̤ʯˡ
һʱһҫ۵Ĺ·ͽ£ս
̤ڹ·ϣǸ߸ϵľ飬ƮȻ볡С



1248 طʵ
ƮȻ볡
ɢŵĹԣӵĸо
̱ڵأ˾껣һ۵ȤǷĿ˷ϡ
ֵİطæְ˾˳ȥ
սУʣ·ˡ
ڳˡ
Ľ֮ǵϣһɫ۵ߴ˳ס
ΧżΪǿѹһ߳ԭվǰ˷׷ɫ䣬æ˿ȥվڸɫģֻ˰ˡ
Ľ֮ǵˣ䣬Ϊס
ǿסӰˣ¶˼ֹ֮ɫ
˷׷
š߲ÿɷĵ˵ͷ˫Ŀսˡ
ɲǼ䣬Եֵطս·𶼱ߵĿⶴ΢΢
λֵİط䣬Ͼǿɫ˵ĻҺȳһ䣬Ȼǰĸ˵
һ̸оһߴ͸ĿϣӴѹֶͬǱһɽ˴ҺĿܿƿһߵϣҲ¶˲֮ɫ
ǡһ
ĿעͶսôʱķо޴ѹߵʵ֪ǿĲ˼顣
֪ߣĽ֮ǵһλ
ͬΪ֮ǵĸȴ֪Ҫǿٱ
λֵİطΪѣ֪ôΪʱ
롣
һӰƮ
һ̡
ֲѹȻ٣ڳ˷·Ǳ˾κ֮Уȫɫ䣬ǵصѹȰطҲ⣬ΨսĽ֮ǵۣȴǲӰ졣
ȻԷǿ˶սѹ
šطʡ˴ʧɫ˵˳
ٵӰǾطǿߣ߲⣬ͬһˡ
Խ󣬲Խ󣬾طʱȰط֪ǿ١
ڳˣȻԼΪǿطʣʮط۵УǣǽԵˣʵҲˡ
Щʷ۵ˣһռƣȻ׵뿪
죬δķʷۣǽڵҲһŰˡ
ʵսֲǧʢᣬȻܴ󣬿ʵϹ񲢲̫ߣ˷ʷֻۣҪЩطǿҲ㹻
ˣǴ콵ӰԼһ̾ѹȫչֳ޿ɱʵ
ʣҪ档ǴӰһݵߣüͷ΢΢𣬿ϵߡ
΢΢һЦҲôηԷֻӦԼ
Уָܿƽ˶Щδ
طʣһӾλҪĿͺͷĶԾš˻عжǾ
񣬿˵Ǽ֮ˣҲɼһսӳ̶ȡ
Ľ֮ǣλطʡһҲû뵽Ľ֮ǾȻһλطʡ
ںֵߣû´ĻӦþڱٳһϵսĴˡ
Ƕ͵ӣһսԳҲпܵġ
ô£ǰսûмһ֣½һսҲڰɡȺУɻȻ벻ͨ
˶ˡ
Ϊһսһλط¶˼֮ɫΪҪԭǷ
ôᣬǲ𣿡ɻ
֪λطЦǿҲҪУ֮ǰİٶ֮ǣЩĽɫ˵ڵķˣ˾껱ȣǴв硣
Щʤôֳ͵ǿ޵С
βһԭΪһսҲ߸û뵽һλط֮̾ɫԷǿԳгͣ˵Ψһǣôõǡ
λطţǷλﲻĽ֮ǵҲ֡
һΪͽⳡԾĹ
Χ˶¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Ҳļ˷ܡ
طԵֳ߹֮ʹͿ϶ҲǼٺòˡ
ʼɡ
߳
λֵİطγѣæһ־սԵˮٶȷ
ս
ҫ۵ĹâǿѹҲɢݳ
Ҫл㣬㣬ҲλطʣչԼĻᣬܳΪ̤۷ĵʯ֮һҲҡ͵ǿҵš



1249 콾Ծ
ΨһǣֻһǾҡ
;ӸµĿŷĻ棬˲ɵζ
ԣ˭˭̤ʯݣûΪ͵η塣
ǣǡ
֮ǰЩ˵ĻҲ󲿷˶ΪͲΨһǣԼչλǿ֮ǡ
Щ֮ԱǣΪԼʲôǡ
ܺáһŭϲãԼݵչʵ
һսһƽռıˣ֮ǰ˾껴һϢָһ
ԣʱЦ
ģֱЦ
˾ǰһжûгŹȥǵûʲôģڣսΪǵʱ
ûǸҪ
ǰ̤һԷΪģԭڻ˾껺Ȼʧҽһι֣˷ɢſֲ¡
ֳˡ
ֲֿ󣬵ôһ£
ڷ¹ӴҽԹ۵һ𾪡
ǰһл˾껣ʱ̫ݣ˿ٶߣһγֳ׼£ֲһ
Ǹе𾪵ǣ۳ҽƺǵۣûɵģ·ҽ֣Ȼսڣǿҵʵж˻ɣǲһµĻɽڲ
Ҹղžڻˣֲֿ󣬺ʹ˵еﾳ磬һЩƵĵطһطǣе㲻ȷ˵Ļһ˵ø˾ѡ
ﾳ磬ôܣǲ켶ĵرпֵܳľ磿ʱʧ
ˣﾳ磬û˵
켶ĵرǿҲǵؼĵر켶ĵر֮䣬ңɼıʲࡣ
߰ˣĵرڵؼĵر켶ĵرǾʮһǷʷ۵ר
Ҫ˵ڵʵ磬ƿ켶ĵرǾ޿ܡ
ǣһ켶ĵرϣȴ켶ĵرſֵܳľ磬ƺԽܡ
˵Ŀ⣬ˢˢȺֵλطʣڳ棬Ҳֻˣʸ϶
Ľ֮ϵˣҲߡ
ﾳ磬Ӧ˵Ǿ߱һЩΡ߳
һ仰û˵һЩΣǷǳ˲ˣĵرڷܣȵ
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ơ
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~
ֲҽػ𣬴ӻɽڱŷͳ̫ݺײ·ǻײ㣬־֮ʱսڣĹâҽػţ־ֲ
ҽҷɵĵػͳâɣûб˵ֺ
һߣǿҵĳâסͣҲǺˡ
ţѾóˣûʩչǿʵò·𾪲ѡ
˳ԾģһζƴĽ
еĵرչֳﾳĳΣܺƴĲ£ô£
ѵ˵еĳҲﾳĳΣ
ɻ󣬾Ľ֮ǵϣɻ
ǵġоâеĵرû̫Ĳ࣬Ҳһĵر߶ﾳεĳ̶ȡ֮ܺͷƴĲ£ΪѪһĵرȵϡ
͵ѪóͬǱһĵر
ˣһܽ켶ĵرչֳﾳĳΣһѪѵһľ콾η
𶯡



1250 ƾ
ֱⷽǿס
Ҳǣĸǿ󡣡
úãⳡһս͸ġ
ŷ͵ľһսȫ˷ʾ׵ĶԾڴģĿһּ콾ԾҲǸеС
𺳡
ǶԷҲжʵ𾪡
תټ켶ĵرʵ̫ˣ˾ȻҲвСĽǺͷȴЬ䣬ʱǿܺͷ࿹⣬ڣȴһס
ǿķڳ޵аĴڣȻͣȴû˿·硭
սڡ
һν֣͵飬Щͣ˶Էӣ֪ǰĶ֣ίʵԼϵǿˣ⡣
ʹ죬Ķֵ֣
ЦɫĹԣҫʱͣ˷·ǳһֳɫ̫еĳӳ
䣬ֲ߼ţ˴˼俪ʼ
~
ĹȻ䣬ı֮ǰҫ࣬˷ȥս
ԡڳУֲֿ̫ӳͷ·ǴӺɫ̫е飬ϵΨҶơ
ãͣ޵콾̲ס󺰳
ͬʱҲĪ
ʱŵۻ֮ˣ۳Ϸ
Ѫеˣͳ֮ǰĸǿ󣬾Ϳôֵˡϣߵ
ԶͣҲ
ѪȻǷͬСɣҪͨѪǿ̫ࡣ￵ꡢ˾껵ˣһǴѪûһˣ͵ĵز
ҲãҲ֪ңǿ˺̶ֳȡ
ڵͣû÷η壬Ҳ뿴һԼļ
˾껵һսԶԶû÷ˡ
¡¡¡¡~
ŷ߶ǳۻ𣬽µҽӿȣ˿ȥȻһαȵĽ𣬷Ǿκһš
ҽһӴӰ֣һ޴Ļɽڣŷص
~
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˼飬ĽǶתط治طȫǺȻɫ䣬ͬʱ޵أͬǶתȻչֳԶԶǡ
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ɱ~
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ͬʱҲǴǰͬѲ
˺ݺײһ
ȭɲǼ䣬һĻɽ緢ͷųľ
СЦ̫ѳųĹâԱӡ
~
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Хһɱ͡
̧䣬ſֲɽ֣ÿһܡ
Χ̫ϵıըԡУҲ˿
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ԭʮİգʤڲ֪ԼС˴ˡ
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֪ԼǿΪյ̫֮߼Ļǵڰ˼֮˵еʥ
һδεܣ֮ƻչֳһתתⷽԽԣ֮ӵǿ棬ԣܽ켶ǳۻչֳ켶ĵرеﾳ磬½һЩΡ
͵֮ܺͷȣߵѪǰڣܵĴʱʵ̫󣬾һʱ䶼ò
һһңֱλս࣬ûм֣ǻ״̬׼һֵս
ǰһսޱǵĶǲС
Ϊ͵ʱ֣ͣҲĿѣԵսлع
ڵʲôʵˮƽ⣬ʵ
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ط
²˲
ǶתȻﵽ˰طĳ̶ȣֱǺš
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Ҫ˵ھаطʵǾ޿ܣȻ˵Ĺȥƺƴ󣬵ʵϵвûôǿ
ططǺεȾ޴Ŀȣô׿Խģ콾Ҳǧѡ
λ߳£ƺôʡ
ǵʵӦطһ棬ǿһˡ
⻰һ˶ǵһ
ط棬Ҳǿ֣֮ĺģ˴˼Ĳ༫ңԶǸ֮ǵĸԶԶƲط֪Ҫ϶١
ͣȻǿֵز
УΪǵļˡλ׳һذըӦǸոɶתûãתԲԶζʲôӦú
˵λط֮ǰĻǿ򶨵Ļôһ̣ȴȫȻɫ䡣
ոɶתļޱûã˵˵ʵмռ䣬ǻ
ңת֮䣬굽ԲĲ࣬һתҪ࣬˵ռҲ࣬δ



1251 ط󣬳
û˻ɣλߵĻ
ǸոɶתûãϾʱôʱɶתѾǼˣ˵תԲǾ޿ܡ
룬ھطˣɳٶȥǵԲʱֻкεʵ˵
ˡطһ޲˵
Ӧ˵пܡ߳ȴһƬɬ
ھ˶ԣطľ磬һ㶼תʼģȻת޷ɵˣȻǲˡ
ңҲÿ˶תʱӵзʵֻЩٮٮߣ
ܶ˼ǧ࣬תǵӺ츳̫Ҳ߱طʵ
ǴܴǣͣȻڶתʱ򣬾пܾзʵǺε֮󣬾ԷǾ콾Ҳ̫˼ˡ
ϲˣȻ˷ıĽΧҲв˷׷׸ء
˭֪˷ĳ֣ϳ֮ǵעˣô֮רǰ
Ǳߣͬأɫȴûôÿ
ҲǣǵĹâȴҪϳ֮Ӳķȥһ֣ƽŽй¡

ս
ͣûеϢã״̬۷壬ǿսھײ
ɱ~
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ҽɽԼ̫Ĳϱըֲǵأ˼ֱײҪԷڡ
ȻǷͣûгɹ
ŲϵսǳۻƿԽԽ죬͵ѪҲԽԽˣ˶ԴԴķųâ
ǵʵͬʱȴκβ˶Է
~
ɽ̫ҵıըУٴη˿˶Щ΢΢š
û뵽̶ֳȶò㣬ǲòóѹ׵ʵˡĿȡ
ԭ׼ǧʢ󶥼֮ǵ콾ʱʩչǷǿȴòǰó
һսʤ
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֮ǣõѡ
Ϊʲôûߣ
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Ľ֮ǵϣжȻһ˿ʣ̫ƪԭˣСһѪȻһľѪ
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йڣ¶Цݣ֪׼ʩչȫʵͣǲսʤġ
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˵̫ƪֺ͵ڣȻ䷢˾˵ı仯һֲּ֡
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ִ⣬Զ֮ǰĳĸΪ¡
š
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תۼ䣬͵ڣŸͬĲλ˴⣬ִ̫ͬ˿ʣŸ̫棬е̫ʮʵҲΪǿеЩģһӰ
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ǴѪȻƣȻѪУȴѪڴеĹУѪ˱죬ȫȫӦ˺˵ʣ̳Ѫȸ
ѪѪһ֣ǼΪǿһ֡
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Ѫ̫ˣҪ˿ܶ࣬ϴ̫ƪԼеĳȫʵһ¥߻ҡͷһ˿
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ʹǰϵľִ⣬֮ϷӿҽѸٸɺԣһӴĻɽǰըըȴֺ

ҽǻɽȫ赲ͷֺ
⣬սȴǲˡ
ȥƺѾǴѶֳ˵ĸ¡
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Ȼһȼſ»ľ޴ǳǰ
һֲ̣Լĸ£ǳӿ˲ϯս



1252 ʤ
~
ҽеĻɽһȻ䱬ըΪҽ֮С
Ʋɵ⣬ڻǳĳ£һ̷·Ҳ͡
ǳ
һ̾뵽ǳۻԴǳһʯģʣط󿪷ı̫ٻĽϢ
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ʲôϵǳ
ȫ¶֮ɫ
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ȻȲһ磬ͨ磬ԶԶһȼŵǳ
߳εﾳ磬ԭΪЩҽͻɽ֣ѾǼˣû뵽Ȼ˻ǳҲǺݺ¡
ⲻŻǳҲһӰȻܣȻ޿ң͵ľ
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طôܡ
һϣһλطȻվоǲ˼֮ɫ͵ľѪû˴𶯡
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ôܣⷽһ½֮ˣôѧһ淨ģλߴ󺧡
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ȻʹطЩαӷɱȵġ
ѵ˵ⷽҲвСͷãⲻòɡ

ʤˣֻҡǰ
ǳڷ档
ŷһȭǳԶȭͷϣҲһǳһǳֲϯ
׵Եѹǲʿ֪
Ҿ䡣
㣬ϵĹȫ˳ϣȻǰɳӭ˷ȭͷߺܿײһ
~
ֲȻ䱬һ̱Զ֮ǰսӴѹ£΢΢š
ΨаطܺսȻڷ͵ȫһУȴҲҡ
ҵıըУäֻһӰڵ㼲ɶݺײսıԵţһѪ
˭Ӯˡ
æȥȿǷɳӰʱʱסˡ
ɫҰף˵սıԵǻѪ
˽ֵĵطƽվ
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ˣ;ȻˡһЩ૵ЩԼ۾
һֱݺ޵Уŵۻ֮˵ͣȻԶûķ
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ⲻܡŵ޷ţͰˡ
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ȷʵǿޱȣʩչط󣬷ǿҲǲ࣬ҪɸƣҲûܡ
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ӮˣӮˡ
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ʶ͵ǿָӮֻҪ¶֧һҲ֪Ȼ˲ɵ񣬻λ콾
⾪ϲ̫һʱ޷ع
ֱԱߵ˶Χ׷׺ϲγѣò˵÷ϳ֮ǣǵĴҡ
֮Ǳߣʧǡ
˾˴ܣʱ򣬺뵽գһսȴɾ˷ɾϳ֮ǡ
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ֵĺܺã˶Ϊ֮𾪡΢Ц㣬ϳ֮ǵʹͺܿͻǵı֣ȻǼΪ񡣡
ллԣʱϲɫ
ֱӵĺôˣλطʶΪǷģǿ϶ȥԭӦǸ֮ǵģȻĺճǷȥ˴֮ǵķ⣬ϡ
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Ȼϳ֮ǱҪϺܶˡ
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֮ǰ˶Ϊǣǣڣ޿ʵף˭ǡ
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ˣĽ֮ԽԽǿճΪ󶥼֮֮һΪڶ֮ǿɼĴڡ
ô죿
ˮתû뵽Ӧ֮죬ǰֻ֮ôס͡
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ԾطʵĿֲѹʩΪ£˵ضûС
侲Ŀߣ˵
״ֱطʣڵ򸽽ؾڣǿ߾һĻߡ
㣬ԸĽ֮ǣ
ϣԼ֦Ŀģ뷽ȥĽ֮ǡ



1253 ܾ
ΧȫŷȴĻش
Ľ֮ǵ밡£ûܾܾв˶Ľ֡
ڳ棬ԸԼ֮ǵĸ߲㣬٣յ˵͹˽֮ǵʱڣ룬ҲٶȽ֮ǡĽ֮ǵٺãҲ޹ء
ǣֻҪ˽ˣǲ²ؼ̲סĽ
󶥼֮ǣ֮ͨ·
ܵõõõԴδǰҲԶ֮Ǻ͸ܱȵġ
ȴûκ;Ļᣬô˷ǰ
ûܾܾ϶ӦѾ˶ԣǵĻ϶ԥĴӦ
ǡ
ûм𸴣˳˼
󶥼֮ǣҲӣʵ˵ߵ룬ҲĶѡ
һõĻᣬھϲ󣬷侲ȴĿĽ֮ǣܸԼʲô
˻󣬷ߣֱʳ⡣
֮ǵͷҪҪǣԼĺôͻ
û̴ӦߵҲǺ⣬ⲻһС˶ῼһҲʹӦԣδĳɾҲۿۡ
Ľ֮ǣĽ֮ǣһ㣬زҶ˵õõһɳĸ˳
ĵرܣ淨ȵȣǱĽܱ֮ġ
΢΢ЦЩ˵֮ǵ˶вˬȻٲˬҲû粵Ϊʵŵġ
ϳ֮Ϊĵر棬ǿҲ켶ĵرһ棬ҲǿȥĽ֮ǾͲһˣǵа켶Ǿ켶ĵرлõ켶Ľ֮ǵĵرҲԶϳ֮ǡ
һͣϳ֮ǿĵرʲô֪
ظʱ򣬿Ժȫǿհ׺жҲһЩ²⡣
ûȷعζ߼˵ȻܣǶתǴﵽһӦǷǳ׵İɣ֪ǽ˷Ԫ
ǡ˵ͷûзԪܷĶתǸδ֪
û취ϳ֮ǵĵˣģҲֻһĽ֮ǣű޷ķԴתתġתȣܹṩߴż԰˵š
淨ⷽĽ֮ǵƸԶԶϳܱ֮ģлӴ淨
˵Ŀ˷һۣ͵ĶԾУʩչط淨Ȼǿĳ
ΧһƬߵĽ˶۷Ź⣬޲ô淽̴Ӧ
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ЦţĽ֮ǵǿƣûܾܾ
ɫѿѾ뿴ȥˣ׵ضĻҲӦԥ
һߣΪϳ֮ǴԼҲܵõܶಹǺͷ±ȴûñȡ
ĵر淨ܣĽ֮ǻбƣȥˣͻ֪˵˸ӣҲҪĺģôһ˵İֻӡ
Ĭ
ڵʲôҵĻʹӦˡ
˵ģһλطʰôɫ˵͹һ㣬Ҿͻĸߡ
Աߵ۷׷ףĳɣǼΪ⡣
ѵ˵ǷŲӣ뱳ϳ֮ǣ˲²⡣
ʱҲƽƺͨʲô̾˿ķļ˵ΪΥԼɣǴɲء
ҪʲôߴߣˮʹǺѰĵϳ֮û̫࣬Ľ֮ǣ㶼ܵõɳĵ·ҲߵĸȽϾûдѪѾ御Ǵ˺ܶණվҵϣ㡣
ЩݣеȨҲ˽
ʴˣѾ˾ߣܱĽ֮룬ҵңܱǸҾϳ֮ǡ



1254 Եѡ
ܾˡ
Ľ֮ǵһλطǿߵ룬ȴѡ˾ܾ
Χ˶ĿɿڴҪɣǲ֮ǰսˣӰ쵽ж
ʲôЦ
ȥĽ֮ǣܸõ˳ĳɳӲҪϳ֮ǣʲô壿
ܾĻҲǵλطʰΪֱ޴
˶¶޷飬ֻмˣ˼˻ȴһȻ
㡭һ
ŶߵϣϲŭΪʲôܾ𣿡
ûκηɫΪʱ䲻
ǵģ֮Իܾߵ룬ܴһԭǣʱ䲻
˵ûǳǧʢĻκԥֱӸˣǧʢǰĽ֮ǵ룬ҲĲ԰
Ľ֮ٺãܸʥȣ㲻ʥڵϳĽ֮ǵҲһЩǧʢУֻҪž˵ı֣ͻᱻЩУӶ롣
֮ǵĿģ
ûǧʢᣬôҪЩĽ֮õѡûǸҪˡ
˵õԴȵȡ
һ㶼ߵĻһؼڣʱ̫ˣǧʢᣬ໹а˾Ÿµʱ䡣
ôʱ䣬ܹʲô
˾켶ĵرûκ壬ƿصǣһЩǿ켶ĵر
ܣҲ÷תϾոܣҪʱۣ׸ȣԪ޷ֲҲתԲһ㣬ȥĽ֮ǣҲпܰ쵽
淨ģ淨ˣǰ˾Ÿʱ䣿ܽһ淨ĵһɹ
ӹɵģͷ淨֪˶ãֻ֮أһԲԶ
Ľ֮ǵ룬һǰǷ˵ĶʱȻԶԽĽ֮ǵ۽硣
ڽʣ°˾Ÿµʱ䣬̫ˡ
ҡ
ȥĽ֮ǣҵʵ϶Ҫϳ֮ǺõĶ࣬ǣܺôͬʱҲ뱳κ񡣡侲ͷˣĽ֮ǵס
Ľ֮ǲװ׸Уѹ
ѹ£ΪѹתΪǷĽ֮ĵطƻܸӡ
ĵģԼܵ
ǧʢڴ̨ڶԾУͬĽ֮ǵˣԷıִľˣʩѹأ
ټҪˣҲܾ
෴ϳ֮ǣκѹĳɾͣϳ֮ǵģóϲˣжĳ⡣
Ȼʱ䲻Ľ֮ǵĺôֱȲȻϣиԼһӰ쵽Լӣǳˮƽӡ
ܾɣȻԷǾطʣҲѻ˵̫ԷҲ⡣
ʱ䲻𣿺ðɣȻˣѡ񡣡ߵ
ݣҲȥ
ǿȷΪ̫أȥ
һ߻صĽ֮ǵϣĽ֮ǵˣǷ׷ͶĿ⣬ȻľܾǴʧӡ
ҲʮΣȻǹˣԵĻҲڴڹͥµԷٴȣжҲһģҲֻλĽ֮ǵĸ̫칬ĽôСǳ
ʲôĽ֮Ƕȥ
ʴ˻ǴȣңһСӵɫ
ܱôģ̬Ѿ¶ɣĽ֮Ƕܾˣ˵ˡ
һʱ䣬ԭڷͺΪĶˣȫùġ
Щͷ޹ˣܾߺ볿ˣܿ۷ڡ

һս䶨
˷׷ɢȥ˻һ˷ܣȻڻζŷ֮ľԾһսľʣȻҲͨǣؽ֣Ҳ϶ȵΪ֪
֮ǵˣҲ̤˹;
Ȼ뿪ϳ֮ûԶͻȻһɿֲѹڷйϡ
ʲôˣ
ɫ䣬оƵģޱȵѣ̾׹ĴС
黹򶨣Ϊ֪Էҳ֡
õӣڵؽ磬˭Ŀŵɱ֮ǵĳ콾
ǵһλµĵˣȴٳûг֡
ãо
ͬʱڷйڵľӭһλ֮͡
Ϊ˵Եʣ;һֱھûгȥ
ʴˡˣɫٱ䡣
λ֮ͣĽ֮ǵĸʡ
Ҫţߵ
ôŴݣλطǰǸоʮ־
ҵ⣬Ҳ³ˣǺǡ߿ЩѿɫͻȻЦҪΪΪܾˣŻ㡣
ţ
¶ɫȷʵЩˬ
ܷ᲻ӦҶ㡣ߵ֪֮䣬Ҹõģȴ㡣
ô᣿޷ţǰܸ˷Ҳҵķ
ǲ³룬ƵҷΪʤߣҲǶӣҲΪ
Ϊʲôһ˵ͷ֮䣬Ҹأ
ˣ̳еģǾѪյ֮Ӧú࣬ڽϣ죬ҪΪطû£½֮ˣûм̳κѪδĳɾͲ˵пܣһвʹ١
̫ıҸ㡣
һεܲʲô䣬ҪΪû淨
ߵ
淨ͷ͵һ𣬾ļ
ȥ淨һ㶼ȷҪǿ
ҡԥ
֮ǰʱԥľܾߣΪ̫󶥼֮ǶȻܺȴǸһĴܴ۵ͬʱҲԼ
ĳ˵εսܣǺ¡
͵̬Щҡ߼Ϊ̫ƪ淨ǣ֪̫ƪҲǴһ淨̥ģ
кܶǿ淨Ǵ淨жһѰ
Ľ֮ǣ淨ǰ㡣
һ仰ʲô˵Ƕĸ
Ϊʲôѡ֮ǣΪ̫ƪѪģ̫ƪǴһ淨̥
淨ϡ
֪ʱ̫̣淨̫Եֵջ
ȥĽ֮ǡ͵վն˵
¶ЦݣܴͣԣҲ˴еĿꡣ
һΣҾԲ䡣սȭͷһֵ˵ĶԾ̹ġ



1255 ԸԳ
ϳ֮ǡ
ȥ󣬺ͳ˴˸кܿ뿪
һɶõĶ֣ⳡԾҲ˷С;飬Ȼ˷ѵõĻᣬսոսúõĻζܽһȡս飬ԼϽ
ûκεţʱм
Ľ֮ǵĸطʵǿԳ벻˭ܾܾȻΪɶֵʱ򣬷ȴܾ˶Էϳ֮ǣβмĪ
ǳպˣҲȫ⡣
صƽ´һԪֺһˡ
ʱԪֺԼĸۡ͵ĶԾҲǹս֮һ
һսĳȣʱûƽ
û뵽ȻɳֵزԶԶļޡ
Ԫֺܿ÷ΪǿκţǷĳɾͣһٸκԶԶȫͲһȼˡ
̶ʱ䣬ʹʵͻͽΪط˿ɣڵķԶԼڷǰпһжס
ϳ֮ǣʵڳ֮£ʵĵڶ֣ΪҪĴڡ
뵽ʶʱСٶԱڣԪֺҲǻС
ͻȻѶʯ
ţңԪֺͷһﲻɵЩɻ
٣Ҳҵٶȣϵ˳
ټĳڣֻгպˡ
ԪֺպͶһĵҲԪֺ߿ǳĸ£Ȼγʲô¡
ˡԪֺæ΢΢Щš
֮ǵĳɲܼģĽʹĻҲǲ࣬Ǻ͸򽻵ˣպѣҲⲻ
þº͵Ԫֺ΢ЦҪ˵ҲӦҸлŶԡ
ѷؽ磬ϳ֮ĻĻķչҪ۹ͣԪֺĹǵһλģҪ׹
ԭô¡
ԪֺһɣΣܽƲݹ˶Ŀá
ңֻһСֵͣһᣬȫǳ˵ԼԼŬ²ҾӹԪֺæ
ĵ˵ͷһԵպҼǵãְλӦпȱɣ
һλҪλŻмʮʱ䡭˸λõǿճһպԥĻش
ԪֺΪʹ꣬Ϊϳ֮˺ͣθǽ˷;޴Ϊܽλá˵
⻰һԪֺ඼©һġ
û뵽ľϲôͻԼͷϣ˶סˡ
ԪֺԼ츳ޣЩʵֹڴˣļ򲻿ٽһΪ롣
һλᣬκڽ֮ʱ򣬿ϧպ͸֮λ
ǣһȴһ
ԸмĻȨ˵仰˵ԪֺΪ£ʮþˣٳκ⡣
ңҪϼʮ꣬̾ʵһԸ
лԪֺϲɵסˣպһѵ
ǡԪֺѹлˣһΪϳ֮ǾϹᡣ
ԪֺǶԷ˸м
֪֮ԻľΪĳɫ֣ԼĽ֮ǵ£ѡϳ֮ǵԵʣǳһССر
պЩĽĿԪֺ
ڷԵʣԪֺλĵλҲˮǴߣΪǰĴˡ
ԪֺΪϢܿʹ˳ȥ
ЩʹǸĽ֣ĽԪֺȻļ
û飬ҪҲֻܹǣûôõľ콾
һʱ䣬ԪֺĸۡҲǰδеǰصﲻ

󣬷ء
Ȼһսĳɹǳ÷оԼʵЩ΢Ľ
غ֪ԪֺϲѶҲˡ
һԪֺĶ飬ͻĲˣǰԪֺʵԸ
񣬷ͳϳֿ֮ȵĺˡ
ûã̾һǰһ񣬷ϵǳһλ
ˣغǰ⻤



1256 ʹ
ţʲô𣿡
˵ͷʵ⻤Ȼˣȴء
ƺʲôҪˡҲûָܵõ𰸣û뵽ȴһ𰸣ȻҲЩͷԣǴ
͵һ
֪ģԶ⻤Ķ֣࣬Ͼ˹
Ϊĳɫ֣֮ǱȻһЩЩλǰսľطʾѾ˵ˣҲ÷ڴ
˵ʵܾĽ֮ǣҲһԭ⽱ϡ
ȥĽ֮ǣΣ϶вСĽһӹɵģȻҲвõĵط֮Ȩ⣬²ЩҲδؾһ֣˵졣
Ȼ⽱ȴӰƽ롣
طʶ˵ǷĽˣȻȥʹֻһ֣ǷõϣֲܶȥĽ֮ǵʧϳ֮ǡ
뿪Щͺûһϵˡ
Ҫ𣿡૵

󣬳ԳӭӣпһĻ˶Ǵһ˵˷ڳĿеĵλ
Ҹոսӵ֪ͨܿҪˣλʹڸ·ϡЦεĽҪΪ㣬ҲϣҺˣòŴŵ㡣
˵ʵǷϳ֮Ƿǵòκνпܵ𷣡
λʹߵһЩʱ䣬
ᣬڵؽ˵һ飬֮ǰ֮ǵڣϴսǰҲģҲûжʡ
ͽȻĻʹʱŭһ
ҪǷǿϳ֮ǵϣĻһ
Ҳ΢΢һνѵٱֶͬĿԣ΢΢ˡ
ҴǶΪΣ֮Ӷ͸¶һЩǳ֪ܣû뵽ǵжһֱڼǺĳ֮λôý֮ǵĴڲˡɫѿıѣԣҲһδ
ܿʰ飬ԴӶжҲ˲²⣬ֻǵõȷϡ
óģˡ
̫칬Ľ˹ȻСǳȻ֣ûеóѣʱҲˡź⡣
Էһ֮ʣȻҲκν
ǲںĳɳٶȣò˶ãͿԳԽˣעˣ̫ĽҲûɥĲ񵽣ÿһɱ˾ȥ
Ŀ÷ͶԾУҲ̫칬ˣҲУ֮󣬽ҲʶͲܵ
д֮ǵˣߣԼ⣬ֻǨŭˣЧˣҲѹ˶סЦ
סˣע⵽˼
û֮Ƿһ£뿪ˣĽ֮ǡǣ¶ֻ֮ɫ
˵ڻȥ·ϱϵģʳ֣ѹסˣȻһȥͣ˵ˣ
ȻκκøС
ˣȴҲе⡣
ܴӦȵ
Ȼϣ̬ȼԸҲ޷˫ԼڣĽ֮ǸһЩֲͺʹ֮ǼԼ
ȻõһЩֲټϽ֮ǵջҲСǺֱӵͱûñȵģ˵ص֮Ǻŭ°ĳˡ
ϾЦ⣬ɫǺεȵѿ
˾껱شܾܲȻ˵뿪ˣԭĴ֮һӾͱձɽȻнвԭ϶Ҫϲ٣ҪĽ֮ǵĵ·룬ȴǳˡ
ΪʲôȥĽ֮ǣ£ʵ
Щ֣ҲǴˣȥĽ֮ǵĺ뻵϶ʲôʹǰ
ƺǺ淨йأЩȷ˵
Ȼ
ͻԼΪû淨Ѫǿô淨ĵر淨ǰǲһǴܴ̼ŻѡĽ֮ǣҪѧ淨
淨ôѧҡҡͷ淨зȨ
˾Ÿʱ䣬Ҫѧ淨ȫǳ˵Ρ
ˣƺڵؽѧ淨ǣȴŲ٣ô£ͻȻ뵽һɻæʵ
Ҳó
淨ѧֻһЩǿԼʥУڽ֮棬Ҳֻ󶥼֮Уҽǰһ㡣˵ǱߣĶǲȱ汾ѧϰЩûʲô壬ѧһЩǶǵ淨ȴô
Ҳʵ
ÿһ淨һϵݻ淨ȽӲȱ淨ܱ淨ȻǸӵĲȱҲǲ⡣
Եؽԣѧ淨죬ѧ淨ݻ淨ȴûôѡ
Ȼȥѧϰȱ淨׷ѹ
˵ͷ
֮λµĵر˹ȥЩȷʵóڷ˵λ䣬֮ǻô룬Ͳǵˡ
ɣû֤ݣҲѻɵͷ
ˣλʹӦˡͻȻɫһæվȥӭɡ
ӭӵĵص㣬ڽ
ǽߵһ㣬ҲǷûĵط
֮ǰҲû뵽˵ص;ȻӭĴ
һƬ֮УһӴĴʱâӿţͬǳĺˮȥǳ׳ۡ
ζţ˴͹
ؽǳǳĴһӽȥҲƲٷ̫ԶĻ͹ҲҪһʱ䡣
֮Ǳ󣬵ʲôʵ
⣬֪ģԥ£Ȼ˻ش𣺡Ҳ̫ǧ֮ǣĽ֮ӦЩͨĽ֮ǣӴĲҲ̫ߡ
ֻܿ϶֮ǱվλʥбȻһλλǷ
λʥǽ֮ǱĿɽλʥ֣ǿλλǷʥϡ
΢΢ͷ
ʥʵ̫ˣҲǲܽӴĵҲ⡣
ĵȴƬ̺
ͻȻ䡣
â㣬ţһӰڴ롣



1257 ϣ
ԴΪģ˿˿ĺâɢ˿ģǿֲѹ
ͳɫ΢䣬ܲסֿµѹɵ˿һξ룬ǿͣ
طʣûмԷǽƾƺѹ÷֪λʹһλطʵĿǿߡ
Ҳ¶ɫ
һֱӴʹȫǰطû뵽һλǿߡ
ɲȷͶԾʱʱһλطʻ⣬ڣôҲһλطʳ档
Ҫ֪ȼؽ綼ǵλĴڣһİѰ˸ûмʸ
ؽ磬ʱ䣬ȴһӼλطʡ
âɢȥһӰ̤
Ůģ΢΢һܿĿ⡣
λʹߣȻһλµòŮӣɢǿ֮·Ųĺ˲⡣
ʹߴˡҵæ񣬷
šŮӵӦһ
Ӵ˳ϵѹҲ÷ͳࡣ
صŮӵ
ʹˡ
ŮӲÿɷĵ˵ͷ˳һۣĿ˷ϣͣջߡ
һսҲˣ˶ܲҲҪŮӵμǧʢ棬һЩԶǵ󡣡
ͣҾ;̫ŮһЦؽǺε֮콾ڶ࣬ȡһЩɾͣΪԼ޵УǷǳЦҲ졣
ǡȻ
Ȼ֪Ů˵ĻȻôǺõģ÷͵ĺ󳾡

ΪԼᣬϾǺѵģ֪һЩ˵ʵ̫ߣ͵ƴŬҲ˴˼ľˣҪԽûôס
ΨвϵĽһ̤۷塣
ŮЩ⣬侲ķǸ˳һЩ
ˣл˵ҴĽܹͬݣϳ֮ǵı֣ò˴۾ҲһŮ΢΢һ̣۳ݽϵļֵ൱ģص㲻ͬһǲڽ֮ǣһǲߣֻѡһݣҪһݣ
ˣҪߵĽûԥŮ˵֮̾͸˴𰸡
ȻεĽЩͬǳûбͷԡ
վڽ֮ǵϣõѡȻǰһݽǳ֪Ҫôѡ˵Ļôϳ֮Ҳ͵Ϊֹˡ
ڵõĽϳ֮˵϶ҲǼĻͷչҪĸ࣬ڴˡ
ѡߵĽ÷ĸǿǧʢиΪɫı֣ôϳ֮ҲõõĽõѡ񣬶ԷԽ֮Ƕ˫Ӯġ
ңԷĸмʱҲѡ
ҪǶ̵ĻҲýзһӭʹˡ
һԿţЩǸ֮ǵģͳԼõŵģŻ
ѡҲ˿Ҫѡ˲ڽ֮ǵģǻָϳ֮ܽߵĵ򣬶ڽ֮˵ȻĻǶԷȴûκεô
ǵѡ񡣡Ůһ䡣
ָᵯʱ貵Ĺâڷͳǰûãâֳ˿˿Σ·ǻȼƵģΧȵζ
Ԫ
͵һ̾˳ŹâȫǷԪ
ʥ˷ԪһתͶת̵ļʣἫӡ
ڽ֮˵иţԸϳ֮ǣŵ
û˻ԪģһתţҲԸʹ÷Ԫܣĵ·ϣˣӶȡ
öԪǿθˡŮӵԪȴ㲻ʲô
˻~
һųʥķԪǿθˣԽĽӵڴ
θŶԡйâһ¶ڴ֮ɫ
öԪݽԶԶƲϣþطʶΪģϾһ󣬴֮ǵõĽУöԪˣڵĽӦԶʱŶԡ
ǵڶݽŮУһŹâ
Źâոճ֣ǿɽй˳ϯƬգ÷ͳɫ䡣
ԪʱûʲôģŹâȴǾ֮
ǡĵرһ̾ͷӦ˹



1258 £
ûƿߣܡ
ɢſֲĹâϡɼĵرģü΢
Ȼǽô϶֮һͱĵرȫǸЦˡ
ûƿأĵرɢܣȫڻ֮ǿˣȻĵرĵȼǳĸߣȷκһĵرҪǿ
ѵ˵ǰ켶ĵر
һԣϲо֮ɫĶĵر
ϳ֮ǣûа켶ĵرģҲֻгһһʮֵͼǰĵرȣûпɱԡ
켶ĵر룬ҲûǸԣĿܣǰ켶
ȷʵǰ켶𣬶һĵر棬ҲǲŮӵ
óĵرûͣ£һһŵǿҹâŮӵһȫɢǿ·һ̫ӳ
ֵĵرʮ֮࣬ɢȴҪȵһĵرĶࡣ
켶𡣡۾˳ڶʮĵرȫ켶ĵرʮֵľˡ
켶һ켶ʮѵ˵УŮӵĶʺ䶯¡
ŮӺܿж˵ȷʵС
ֵĵرԶǰҲģϰ֮ࡣ
ǰǵҲͬһϵġ
Ů֣鵭ĮĿˡ
ϰ켶ĵرʮ켶һ켶𡭡
һóϰĵرֱʲν
ĵĻϲŮӽ֪ͣĵرͬһжǶģ۹⣬Ȼ׿ۡ
һϲ
ϳ֮ĵر棬һֱɫòǿĵرڵؽ˵Ȼǲߡ
ںˣһӵõ֮ĵرҸǶ⣬ʱϳ֮ĵرϵĴḻǵһƬհ׵İ켶ĵر켶ĵرϣҲܰӱĽ֮ǣˡ
Խ֮˵ô֮ҪöԪȻҲ󣬿վֻ档
ȻûʧҲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
졢켶ĵرԶԹĿʮ켶ĵرϣھõϵġ
Էڵľ磬ƿص켶ĵرȻֹһ
ǳۻȻҲ켶𣬿һУԶƲжǿֻڷ߳εﾳ磬Լطһ淨ˣԶԶ
ʮĵرκһԶǳۻǿ
ȥĽ֮ǣһĵرУܵõģҲˡ
һס˼飬ԼЩĵرʹãֻҪõϵģ˵Ҳȥ̽ѰЩĵرԡ
лˣлˡϲɫŮӵл
ȱ˵̫硣Ůӵ
һ
ŮҲָͣᵯһڹٿȻɳǰתţһƵģ
ûꣿЩɵۣΪԪϰĵرȫˣ֪Ȼбġ
ڹƣЩɻ󣬶Ȼ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôĿʱһ
ǶϿսĽƣƾƣȥŮӵ
ǶϿս硣޴ľϲ˳ͷϣһʱ䶼סˡ
ķӦŮȴǲô⣬Ҳû᳿ĿһԵķϡ
ιһĿģҲ֮Уһ仰ŮӵӵĽˣΪʲôһطʻˡ
ҵģ
û뵽ôһ֮ǰŮóʱ򣬷վһԣΪЩǸ֮ǵġ
֮ǺŮһĹϵ˲Żнʹһ˵һǽ֮ǵߣ綼뿪
Ůӻ˼ɻ
֮Уһ仰
ʲô˼벻ؽ˭Ͼǰ͵ؽûнûʲôʶˡ
Ůӵӣ֮˵ĵλԲ͡
ɻ󣬷ûе¶ϴ顣
Ҹ㣬Ҫֻط󣬿սõ淨Ůӵ
ˣҵˣڴǧʢı֡
˵仰Ůûͣתص˴УĹâȻ𣬽ŮӵӰû



1259 ѡĵرϣ
Ůߵĺܿ죬ó껰ͷҲصȥ
ķţҲ֪
ˣع΢΢˿˵ģһλطվǰǳܵѹ֪
ŮһߣҲ÷ͳ·˱ϳصĴɽ
ΣǴհЦݣ֪֮ڵһõĽԶԶȲõģҴ֮ʧߣ֮ĽҲ϶ϳ֮ǡ
ΨһóеźǣЩǷõġ
ԪԷ˵ûʲôôˣѾ˶תתԪûʲôЧġ
ϰĵرõõģҲֻм
Ҳû취ģЩΪģвص㣬Ҳȫڷϣǲʵ
Ѿ㹻óˡ

ţһӳ˼лعֻߵǰ
ϳ֮ЩΪ㣬ѡֻҪϵģߡɫҲĻ
á΢΢Դ˼˻ĿЩ档
ŮӸĽҪ棬Ԫĵرǿڹơ
ԪֱԹⶫѾûˡ
Ǹ߼ʥǷԪĻȴǿˣҲû취˸Ľȫ⡣
ڹơ
ǶϿսʲôط˶٣ѯʵĺڹƾǽϿսƾ֤
һüɫ裬Ҳû
Ͽսһ߼֮أһ˵֮ǵĵͻƵ֮ؽУȻȥģԶԶϿս硣
ǧ֮ǣ֮⣬ʸȥϿսĽ֮ǣԲʮ֮ԺҲȥˡ
˵˷ܣ˵ϳ֮˵ʵڹƣõĽ
Ԫĵرһᱻù⣬֮أȴ߽룬õôǽ֮ĸ
ңǰٷ֮һıһ֮棬ֻһ֮ȥϿս硣
ǧ֮ǣǿ
󶥼֮Ǹ߸ϣȴϳȽ֮ǣǱǸΪǿĽ֮ǡ
ϿսһҲǵרȴǱϳ֮ǵõһ
Ϣȥͬȥ˶ϿսĽ֮ǻǺεȵĽͶʼɡ
ΨһóǣϿսǹ̶ġ
ֲѣʱᱻᣬȻǹܲôˡ
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΢΢ͷܿʧȥȤ
֮ǵȻֻоԨһΣԷ˵ȴû̫ϵˡ
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ڶΡҲμӡ
ȻҲ֪һ㣺ڶǧʢڼ䣬ڵڽ֮ǵĵ꣬ʱ򣬷϶뿪ˡ
Ԫڹ֮󣬷ĵرҲġ
켶ĵرò켶ĵرϣɸѡһ¡˵
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ǰ˷Ԫڹƺ켶ĵرϰĵرȻ뿪
ҲûǿȰǴߡ
ôĵرЩ켶ģ̫ǿطĻ̫Ȼʲô¡
ĿģҲ˽һЩĵرԣȴûʲôϵ
һߣƬУʱֻʣ·һˡ
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˼ģŮµǾ仰
˭ŮӴģϷûôᣬܶԷԼʶĻǲʶģʱˣչ֪ûҪ̫⡣
÷˼ģǾ仰ݡ
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Ҫ𣿻Ǹ֮ˣΪȻԼطôҲӦ仰
뵽ҡҡͷᴫҲһֿ顣
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սõ淨ǣǰѵȼĵرǿ켶ǵıʣڻĵرһЩսġ
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طĿãƾһٻӵоѪ͡
ڣȴ
һʱ䣬ǧͷӿͷԴҲʹ
һֳ嶯ǻصǣطĵڶ㣬ûܿҡͷȥ֪򵽵ĵڶ㹦ȻǸӵĲȱⷽĵ㲦Ȼûеġ
»ܷ޸طĵڶ㣬Ҳûס
ˣɡûʲôͷֻԼͷۺ󣬷ѡ˷
Ҫһ䣬²طĵһס
ţԼ淨ߵĲΡ

ĵر
ǰһŹâ貵ĵرҲһĿѣԵĸо
ĵرĲ٣ԶڶǧϰٱҲǣ졢ĵرԷ˵Ҳͷһ⡣
ȣһ켶ĵر
ĵرԷʵȫûˣ¾ٸߣҲѳԽ켶ĵرûж塣
ˣͲмһˡ
һطܽ켶ĵرǿļ𣬲ҿǿ
ȻˣҲԺͷе켶ĵرȣָһĵر켶ģȻˡ
ǣҪû켶ĵر
һŹâץĹâѸȥ¶ĵرݣһű仯ɫ
Ƭ̺󣬷ĵرһ
ţǵĵر
һĵرԣ̫ʱ䣬һȦ¶˼ź֮ɫ
һĵرһ涼ǿޱȣ̫ٻѷɫл̫ٻҪǿ󡭡
ǣ켶ģȴһûС
÷ЩʧǣͬҲ֮С
켶ĵرһ㶼ѳɳҪһ͸ϼѣҪĵرҲó



1260 ѡĵر£
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ûб̫ڿ켶ĵرĿ켶
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켶ĵر켶ĵرڷȫ¡
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ɸΪ֮ǿҲһ켶ĵرϣչֳﾳ
Ҫ֮չֵĻҲ켶
ﾳ硣૵
磬Ҳ֪֮٣ս󣬴ӳ˽⵽һЩΪʲôԼ켶ĵرչֳ߳εﾳ磬ΪΪڰ˼֮Եʡ
ʥȻв֮
磬Ҳڶת֮ȻȻĽ롣
֣еһ켶ĵرץǿʱŷƣҪͷ·ĵرıƿƵġ
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ĵرԶǳۻǿûƿߣ֮ǿҲǷͬСɡ
Ÿոմĳһ˿âƺݺݵץȥǰץס
һΣǳۻµĵϣһƬҽӿţֻɽֲѹȥʱĵرݺݵѹסˣﶯá
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ĬĬ鿴ԣûãЩĵ˵ͷ
⣬Զǳۻǿ
΢Ž֮ûг׵ģ֤֮ܽǿƿصĳ̶ȡ
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ٹһ£Ҵȥġ
ŸոմӾĻĶų⻹ԶԶûɢھȥĵĻܵѹ̫ȴǺʺϡ
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ϾǸ߲磬ԶȲڵؽôȫҪЩ˲Ըϳ֮𣬴ӶĻҲһͷ۵顣
š˵ͷԳİţû顣
ЩĵرֻҪĿһɨʱϰĵر棬ٵɵЩ֡
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ҡҡͷȻòţҲǿռš
Ȼô˵ˣҲ޻˵һӣʣĵرһΣ뿪Ƭա



1261 ½֮

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ɱ˺󣬷߶ǳۻһɽҽиͬʱУոźɫӵ
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˲ʵ˲𡣡
Ƶ𣬳ڷǰϾ֮ɫ
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Ϊ֣ڽоŲ㣬ϳ֮֮أÿһ㶼ƵǿͶӰΧѶȱظǿ౶
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ȷʵһ漣ϳ֮ǵʷϣǹĵһˡ
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ϳ֮ǵˣܴȥҲûʲô˵ġ
ʱȥģҲ˷ʱ䣬ԭ뷨Ҫȥһˣ˳㽫̫ٻĵȽ
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Ǻǣһߴ˵Сһһߴ˵Ľ֮ǣսʤһ֪νļһΪ˲ˣʵǿЦ֮һ˵̾УȴԵЩ̶
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ֻ˵ˣһӣʱƲƲ죬Էϳ֮ȴʮֲм֮ĶԾȻû
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ߣôס
Ц͵վԼ˸ȥ



1262 Ԫ
½֮ǵĸȥˣ֮˵ͻ
Ȼϳ֮ͷ죬һǲ죬½֮ǻûȵġ
ӵ˵Ķڹڣ˶¶ȤɫһЩ֮ǵ˸ȥ׼֡
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ǰķͳѰ˼ţôԼһڶ
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ǱʵЩţ
½֮Ȼ·ǴƣڼżҲЩعⷵգһεУͳһܳɫ콾
ԪͶϿսԶһȼġ
ᱻϿսǲͲԪ
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½֮Ҫϳ֮ǿĶ࣬λԶλҲȨµԪġ

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½֮ǵĵԪӴ˹ԽӴ̨ڵŮӵ˵仰Ǹտͳ㣬תͷϣⲻϳ֮ǵĳ𣬻ˡ
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ҪõһԪǺε֮ѣԽ֮˵ҲҪ콾УԽµĵԪҪߡ
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ʮһԪ½֮ǵĵ̣ʲôèܱȵģҪ׷ǣٸһ궼ûܣȰĳЩ֮ǵˣһʱߴˣõ˲еĶβˣǱʮǧ˵
ųɫ࣬Ȼǿѹеŭ𣬺ӾǸеһ⡣
ⷬһϢˡ
߶Ͽսĳޣô׾ܻģĿɨа¾ģȵǧʢϣһҪúý̷ϳ֮ˡ
ˡһѡ
һǰȥ
֤ݣȷλܿʼȡԪ
ϳ֮ǵõĵԪ顭ȵȣû˵꣬ͻȻһ٣ţ¶ŵɫ
͵̧ͷ˳ͷգ˷ϡ
УˡӲмʼ磬ϣ½֮ԶԶʤ
û˵ֻЩĿƳһۡ
ע⵽ܵͣٺ𾪣жʱһѵԪʲô⣿
Ĵߴ£ûж˵ʲôƻӶԪǰ
ڵƣǵԪȻ飬ȴǽȻͬ
һɫƣ֮УɢĽɫԣƵ棬Ȼһ֡
ɫƣ۾͵صɴ
졭Ԫ



1263 ǰԪ
Ԫ
ַ·̺ħһ˺䶯˵Ŀⶼ˹
ҲɫƵģʱȫסˡ
Ԫŵظһ飬ĿĶܡ
ⶫҲйŰˣۿȴͷһΣõ϶Ĵ𸴡
ȷʵǡܵ˵ͷԿ϶˵
ʱ˿ϲ֮С
Ԫϳ֮ǾȻõһԪ
˼飬Ƿı־˾𣿡
ΧȫޱȣһЩۺϷʣһԵĺӡ
ɫһȫɵˡ
ôܣôܵõԪ޷ʵ
ϳ֮Ȼ룬ͷǳѸͣǣչͨĽ֮ǣµõٴĻҪչ½֮һȼĽ֮ǣ޲Ҫʱ䡣
ңпܣ;оͻᱻԭΡ
ؽʷϣõĽ֮ҲһЩĳһʱڷޱȣȻЩ֮棬ץסΪ½֮һģȴ֮١
ڸһΪĽ֮ǣʷֻĽ֮һҶѡ
꼻һ֣ܿȻˡ
ˣ֪ϳ֮ǾǶ߶Ͽս½֮ǵһ㶼ûн֮϶Ͽսò˶ãͻ
ڡ
ϿսԪĽϳ֮ǵô£ôһӵõ֮ľ˽
ˣȫ޷⡣
о˵Ŀ⣬ɫһӱѿޱȡ
ոջڴʴʣó½֮ǵĶʮһԪϳ֮ǲмһˣԪһȴǱ̱ȥ
Ԫʲôɻ˵ı֣֪϶򵥣Ƿûš
֪ڰ½ϲֻеԪһǣһԪǣȵԪҪһһԪǣǺڰ½ģԶǵԪܱȵġ
ңѹڰ½Ĵ˵ﺡǣͷԪǡ
Ԫʺ͵ԪһǽԪǵż
鼤˵
Ԫǣô˵ﺡǣͷһ̾ʶԪǵĲ
ǷˣԭΪϿսõĽˣû뵽Ԫ˿ȶϿսġ˷ܵ
⾪ϲ̫ˡ
ΧĽʼɵĿ⣬ҪѣȴǲΪ⡣
УСĽӹƣԪ
ѹеĿϲƳһʧǵĺӣһֲмϳ֮ȻܹҲԪټԪǺǣȰĳЩ֮ǵˣҪΪԼʸϣΪǣӸµĶԱָֻţûʸ񡣡
һ˵ʹ죬ǰƷŭҲǽһȫй˳
ۺӣһǺֱ
ǰһ̣ĻȻϵĵ⻹ûάֵĳһӣͱͬݺݵĴ˻澡ʧ
ƫƫ
˭֪һԪļֵҪǵĶʮһԪ
Ԫ
½֮ǿʢʱҲһֱУ߷ʱڣֹһ飬ȻŲϵ˥䣬ԪҲԽԽ٣ȵڣͱˣȶϿսʧȥĻҪ硭
澡ʧڵԪҶֻ֣ţ֮ǰĸܣе鵽ˡ
Ա߸ŵˣҲͷȥΧ˵ߣ·𶼳˼Ͳм
ơݺݷһ䳡滰Ӵ˻ȥ
ȺУǱһЦӲˬĴڡ
ͳҲ뿪
ѩ̿ȴǷȱľʱ䣬ƫƫٴοҪڶʮǵȲ𡣡
㼴̳ȥԪǰɡ
˵
ԪǱȵԪǸ߼Ķ֪࣬Ҳֻ֪࣬Ǹõʥء
Ľ֮ǵȣѡԪ
𣿡ҲЩڴ
ţԪ޷ǳĶ̣һ飬ֻһޣͻʧЧǸġ˵Ѿ쿴Ԫʱޡ
ȵԪĳʱޣԪҪ̵ö࣬ϳ֮ǵ飬͸ˡ
һʱޡ
˷⣬Ҳòˡ
ҲǺģԪĳʱٳһЩţ̫ʵϾ֮ǰĽѾǷǳķˡ
áûн飬Ӧ


1264 ƽ
ȥԪǣںڰ½ϳ;棬ڵԪǾרŵĴ󣬿ֱӴ͹ȥ
ȻǰҪԪ˴
˳󣬷̸
ټĴһˣһȴ͵˶ûУҲǺѰ飬󲿷ʸȥԪǵģֱȥǣ辭ԪǣֻҪôĿп֪
ֳԪһ·ͨĽ˴󣬽ţâ𣬽û

͵Ĺ̽һ˲䡣
ոսͣ쿴Χ
~
ֲѹǵذ˷ֹɫ䣬ѹԶκһˣʹǾطʶԶԶ
һ̣ܸоµĹڷ죬·Ҫѱ
ȻʱеԪȻһɫԣڣ˻ɢĿֲѹʱʧͬûгֹƵġ
δȴǻ³ĸ֣˵
˴˵⣬벻˭ѹ˿ֲ뵽ԪǷô˵ﺡǵĵط׾ס
ǡ˼顣׹ףȻޱȡ
⻹״ֱ洫˵ʹԴ˵ĺǡ
磬Ŀ˴˵䣬ǽڵάȶϣһйǿ̾ͻᱻûиевʱ΢ʵͱɱˡ
ڣȴûʲôġ
˵󣬶˾η
ҡҡͷҲףΪʲôֳԪˣûԪıط£û⡣
侲󣬷ʼ
ţǵصף
̧ͷգǾĵգǺʯ÷׹Ԫǣλںڰ½ĵص
ȴûа谵ĸо
͵ĹԣӼԶһϻ鼰ÿһ䣬Ԫͬ磬Ҳص֮ǳصɫʡ
ǲҪ̫ˣ֮Լ˻ԪĵطҲҪں档
ǧʢῪнꡣ
ʱ䣬˵ʮֽˣϾҪתԲھϴﵽľڵԲҪʱ䣬Ա֮ǰҪĶࡣ
ԺлᣬȫԪǣڣǧʢΪĿǰҪġ
Ԫǵ˲࣬Ͼż̫ߣڳһŪ
Ԫǣͬһõ޾
ңΪϡٵԵʣûпʱޣʱܽ롣
ûԥ̸ȥ

ǰĺԪǵǰĺƵǺҪȺСĶ࣬Ȼڵ֮ŨȣȴҪԶԪǡ
ҪУʵĿ飬ϸ
ôѾԿ϶û켶ʵʸûУżҪȵԪǲ֪߳ٱ
ԷʵȻ޾塣
ΧûʲôˣԶĺϣϡһЩˣ󲿷ֶˮ£Ҳ֪ûбĽ֮ǵˣûôעһ̽ǰһξ󣬾ͣʼС
ڰ÷޾ڰĹȡ
߼֮ͷ΢ԪǵڣľȻǵ߼֮
Ҫ֪ԪǵȻҲе߼֮ȼ֮Ǽϡ١
ȷʵǸõʥأǣǶ콾ԣһĵޣк
֪ûеڰ˼֮
ѹͷ𺳣³ȥ߼ȣ߼еȡһֱ߼ߵȣȻȻֹ
ĸоԼ˵ײûٽһ
Ҳûеڰ˼֮
ҲȵԪǱߣֲܾ֮ȣ룬Խ߼֮ԽԽ࣬ٸ߼ҲܳԽ߼ߵȣǵ߼ߵȵ֮Ӱˡ
ԪǣҲԵڰ˼֮޲ߡ
ҲǺġ
÷ϲǣյ߼ߵȵ֮Ȼڵλãһ֮٣ռ˰ٷ֮һԪǱߣѾϲˡ
ƣҲֻеԪĺĵشͬᲢۡ
˵߼ߵȵ֮ٶȻࡣ
ΧĻһְĸоܿͳ˽ȥΧ֮ӿţ˷ڡ
һڷܻγɣǷ
֮糱ˮȻ󱻷գͬ޵׶֮
ľ磬Ҳš



1265 Ļ
ţ
޾ڰУһ׷۾Щɲ
ӾоѵģΧ֮ı仯
߼еȺ͸ߵȵ֮ǰ˲٣ֱ仯ԣٵٶȸϲٶȡ
һոߵȼ֮ļһˡ׷һ
Ҳټ
ԪǵϾС˲٣Ҹߵȼ֮ޣһʧĻ䲻׾ܱ
ҡҡͷ׷߾Ͳټעȥ
߼֮ԣһڰ磬ҲΧȻҲ֪˭ڷոߵȼ֮ҲûǸҪ
ңֱ仯ӰҲ̫󣬱ϾΪ֮Ϊ˲߲εֻҪһ͹ˣҪ̫ࡣ
׷ߺܿȥ
ҲһЩ˲˱仯Щ棬һ߶һˣһǲò˸ط
ǹĵطҪҲֻϵù˲٣Ҫ˭ΪҲûôףһǱֹġ
Щ״Ȼɷġ
γɵӰ죬ҲǺܴ󣬽Ӱ˺һˣϾĴСԴԴϵ֮עУģھ˶ԣûκεı仯
𣬳֮С
Ԫǵڣûпص飬ӦǱ˽ȵˡ
Ҳ
ԪǵĲαȽϵͣǿ߲࣬յ߼ߵ֮ĸǷëǣһ£ȻȥЩ飬ȻԪȴһյ߼ߵ֮˲٣ߵУûĿռ䡣
ڵ֮Ҳǵ߼ߵȰˣӰ첻Щˡ
Ҳ⣬ߵĻԶԶùԪǣûЩ飬ٶȱڵԪǵʱҲҪࡣ
֪ʱʱԭʯУɢâ֣ıΧʱҲĻᱻ˲ʱԭʯҲԶ˵ע⡣
ʱţתۼ䣬ȥˡ
½˳֣Ȼ֪ǧʢῪĻڼ׼ⳡʢᣬԭԪǣҲ
һ졣
ĳһˮӺ׻˶ǵľâֲϢܣϸܵϢҲѸȥȵ˺ϣ۾Ҳָ
Ȼ˰ʱ䡭
оʱţҡҡͷ⻹ʹʱԭʯ£źĻ
Ҳû취ľڵȻҪȳļѣԶǿˣҪʱȻټûЩе飬Ҳ÷ٶȷŻ
ľޣɹҲȻģɹ˶ľڵԲҲǶתԲ
ңܸоԼĸǰδеȹ̣ͨ꾲ޣ˿һûޱûа覴á
ʱȥˡ૵ȥ
һ·ϣҲһЩгصˣҲͷŮ
켣УҲôۡ
Ȼڵؽ룬ӰǱȽϾޣڽϵ͵ĲʸԪǵˣԷһսǲ⡣
Щ棬ҲʶĽ֮ǵļɣǡЩ˵ļʣɲߡ
ž޲ص뿪Ĵԡ

Ԫǡ
ͨԪǵĴ⣬ЩŲʱʱ̧ͷȥ
ǧʢῪĻڼõĴȻҲķæÿ߳һˣῴȥȻʧճ
ϳ֮ڣҲһЩߵպĴ»ȥˣֻгڵȴ
Ԫǣȥˣ֪ǱߵģҲ֮С
ĵģǷ֮Уʱ䡣
Ĺâһ𣬴˴ԪǱ߹
һ꣬Ӵд󲽶
ϲڵȵ˷
΢΢һЦǰ˸к
ԪǴߵʢҲ÷һȥǻᣬɾûô֣û뵽˾ȻҲв٣ȴ壬γĶԱȡ
ȻⶼǧʢӰ졣
˶뿪˵Ԫǣعؽ磬׼۶ⳡʢ¡
ͺãͺáû󣬳һʯأҲĴá
ߣǧʢѾĻˣҲҪץʱ䣬ʹˡ
˵ͷȻ
ȥ·ûʲôۣ˱ľҪȻûôף˺ܿص˽ĵĵص㣬âһص˵ؽ硣



1266 
巽֮ǡ
ͳĻع飬ҲԴպ˿
׼
Ҳûж˵ֱһ
ȻھĵȴǸõ׼պɣϾ·
һӴۣͣϳ֮档
վ۵Ĵͷ·ĳУֵĽ֮ǣʱҲ͵Ԫһʮ壬ȻǼĻǧʢᣬ̫Ŀ⡣
ͻȻһ˴ӳڷɳڵ۷
ͷˣպˣҲȫʶ
￵
ڵһбˡ
ϳ֮Ǻʹ֮ǵĶԾУ￵ǳս˾ˣڿģӦƾˡ
ҲЩеǿߣһתˣȴһܵĶûС
ҲǺġ
ڽǼ֮ǵĵ꣬ʱܵˣȻ̫࣬ϳ֮Ȼ𣬵ҲǸոտʼˣкܳ·Ҫߡ
ȻûһתԷ۹⣬Ȼܿǵٽ㸽Ҳ֮ܽӰ죬ǵ츳ӦûǷȱһЩ
ţ
ͻȻ￵ˣͬһߣڸտʼʱ򣬸ǱΪͷ޼ڣ֪䣬ѾߵĪĸ߶ȣ˫׵Ĳͬһˡ
Ǿϳ֮ǣμǧʢѡڷ
μǧʢᣬûż𣿡Щ졣
ĵ͡˵ͷܲμǧʢ˻ǳ࣬Ȼڳѡоͱɸջڽ֮Ǻʹ֮չ
֮ǣǵؽĵطóѡҲǵؽһܱȵġ
Ǹ׼ĻôһУкܴһֶʸ룬ûǸҪҡҡͷ˵һʼͱɸ̫ѡǵҲÿǧ֮ǣֻѡһյ˲μӡ
￵߸ټϷ㣬ϳ֮ǵѡˡ
˵֮ǣ½֮ȣԶԶ磬һĽ֮У˶Ҳв١΢Ц˵ûκβԥ֮һߣϳ֮ǿ϶ᳬĽ֮ǣӱ
˵ͷ
ѹȻٽߣϳ֮ǻõֽͻһչֳ
÷ЩźǣͬԵؽ֮ѩغȴȫûѡȻҲнǺ￵ȣǲ˺ܶࡣ
ˣѵû֮ǵ콾Ҫֵ
Ȼµָ߲ˣһУҲܻˣ˾껾Ǳ֮ǸߵģҲǡ
ϳ֮ǵӦһ콾ǡ
ԣɿЦǴõʱڵһǻֵĻ˵һ콾ʱǻûʲôҲԶԶ㡣
ڣЩ콾ͽ֮ǶԼڣҪ˵Ĵ۾̫ˣûǸҪ
Ľ֮ܰʹӴ֮Ǵߣϳ֮Զûôƴ֣ȻǴ̫󣬳ҲΪǸҪ
һ죬з㹻ˡ
ˡ
ˡ
պ˷ۣͳվһ𣬶ʱ׷
￵ˣͰط֮ľ޴࣬һִĸон֮µվڳߵķҲ˵Ľ
ǲడŷ￵пЦ
һʱԼҪ׷ϷΪһ׷￵û뵽ɳٶȣԶԶ󣬱˴˼ľ룬ҲԽԽ
ڵ;ǰͷ
ͺǲһεˡ
˵￵º֪ŭ֮£˾һش˾껸˱ԼĴۣ㣬ʼɵͷ
ҲǺƽ
Ȼϳ֮ǣõõԴǶ֪ǷӦõģûзԴУңҲմ˷Ĺ⣬õ˲ٺô
ĴڣԶԶĽʼɵĸ߶ȣֻˡ
Ƕϳ֮ǣһɫˡĿɨˣպϣɡ
ǡպæӦ
￵Ҳæˣվڳߵѹʵ̫
ǰμǧʢ˺٣棬ҲֻպһˣУҲֻзǰˡ
ܿ죬۾ƿնȥ뿪ϳ֮ǣĳѡص㡣



1267 ѡ֮
ˡ

ԣۣĿǰȥֻһ޴֮ǳǰΧǿĹӿһɺ嫻ֺζӭ
ǽгѡĵص֮һˡ
ǧʢĳѡյ֣ؽ繲ֳһǧѡ֮ǣϣÿһѡص㣬֮ǲԼĴѡ֮ǾǽгѡĵطסҪȫԸϳ֮ǵ˵
仰Ƕ￵˵ģڷһ㶼ġ
ǡ￵Ȼ
ⳡǧʢᣬؽ磬֪ж˲μӣΪѡżֽͣһ޷֣ȻͨѡˣҲǼ֮١
ȥǰӴǳأΧۣͣȻƬڣμǧʢˣȻ󲿷ѡͨ¶ĻᣬҲûжԸؽ콾̨ͬ˵ȥҲһٹ⡣
ϳ֮ǵۣڳǳͣ˽˳ǡ
ֻע⵽ѡ֮Ǹһֵĸо
ѡ֮ǣĳĵ̣Ϊǧʢʱָƺǿ˷ʣһԽ͵ѡ֮ǣǾٰǧʢóģԭطûôһǳشڡ
һǳƾ𣿡Ŀ΢
ѡ֮ǣһǳأȻȴӴޱȣȻȲһ磬ҪһͨʮڼƵ˲롣
ϣôһѡ֮ڵؽ
ϸٰܾϯؽʢᣬȻʥֱҲ˵Ĺȥ
ѡ֮ĳˣΪѡûпʼû峡ҲǸĶ࣬ǶԷ˵ȴûʲô⣬һطѹô󲿷Ϊ֮˱ܡ
ʲôһд̵ŮָǰʵҲϳ֮ǲμӵİ֮һ
ȥ
ֻһƵʯȻڳѡ֮ǵ룬ӿҫ۵Ĺԣϵ£һֳֻ
޻俪ɺ
ܼңܳ磬
ǷμӳѡڷϳֳԽǿԽǰ
ϵΪǰ֣ϵǲߡ
һʱ˷ǰС
ǰʮʱ۽硣
ԷļʶԵؽ˽Ҳ࣬Щûô˵еһ
̫칬΢΢ü
žط̫칬ȻҲֵѡ֮ǣʮֿǰе
ѡ֮Ƕڲߵķ䣬ѭһԭԸõڵΪȻ󴩲һЩԲڣ̫칬ǿȻѡ֮ǰķΧ԰ǧ㣬֮棬̫칬ҲͲ̫ˣȵǿǵӦû½һ˵
һķ׵ʮط۵
Կǰ棬ȻǷ׵֣һֳָμӳѡˣԶϳ֮Ķࡣ
׵ʮطۡ￵˶ǵһҲľн
Ҫ̫ģμӵô࣬ڳѡ棬ҲδؾͻǣͨҲ١
һҲˣμӳѡǺε֮࣬Ҫ㣬δؾͻԶˡ
߰ɣҲȥ
ڳĴ£һߵ˱㡣
ϳ֮Լ˵ֺ￵˶ʱЩڴ˷Ҫϳ֮
ھţȻ˵ھţ̾ϲĽ˳Щš
ϳ֮ǣǿҲͳˣԶԶܺһЩȣȻǳԾǣȻ˵ھŵλãԶϳ֮ǿĴѹ˺档
˳ԾУ˿˿Ժ飬΢΢һЦ֮ǵĵλ⣬ܵǿ֣ڷϵܸߡ
˵ͷ
֮ȷʵǺ⣬ר˲ΪΣҲǿ£ڵؽľ˵Ѫ޹顣
Ը֮ǵҲڶ࣬ܵҲԶһĴãҲڽҪ͵֮ǡ
ϳ֮ǿҲǰطˣδؾͻоطʵˡ
־ϲ
ǰУȻһҫǸеԺͬģҲǳѹҲ׹ΪʲôƵߣȴѡ˰˲μӡ
ҫҪӦʵе



1268 ԩ·խ
ϳ֮ǣ
Ҳѡ֮ǡ
ϣϳ֮ǵֳֺ󣬶ʱڳѡ֮һɧ۷׷ףвֱĵط˹
ϳ֮Ǻͷ쳣ġ
һսûйȥã˶Ŀãһսзչֳʵ𾪡
߰ɡ
Ҳûȥ˾ηĿ⣬ˣصϣѡʼм졣
ÿһ죬д˴˷ӿпֵģҲμӳѡģ֡
ϣһӿ֣ĿǰʮλҲۻı仯
ϳ֮ǵĵھڵڶͲǰʮλãȡǵģһоطʵľް
̫칬ҲƵƵű䶯һʼĵһ·»˵ʮλǿǰʮλá
ҲǺģԲǧڣ̫칬ǿҲһЩ
ΨһΡȻģֻλλķ׵жǰǸ߾Ű׵λãѹ֮ϣ˿Ժ
ȴҲ֣Ͼʮط۵ĵؽ綥ʥ֮¡
ؽһǧѡ֮ǣҲÿһĶ˵ؾȻз׵ֹ˵һϢǳߵϣ
֮棬Ҳֻ󶥼֮ǣѹ׵һͷϣɸп
ϳ֮ǣĺԶ
ϳ֮ڷϵΣǶʮߣǰоطʵľް
һǿߣʵ̫ࡣ𶯡
λ۷壬ǰһֱûһֱ۵ӡڴѡ֮ϣȴǼʶˣ⻹һǧһǿμӣ֮࣬ɼؽǺεȵǿơ
κһ磬ԶԶ޷Ͷȡ
Ӧò࣬ĶˡŷǱֹһ졣
ؽڶȥ˵֮ǵĻϳ֮ǣһ֮Ҳˣֽ֮ǣڵʮλϳ֮Ǻ档
֮ǣҲλѡ֮ǺǵķΧڡ
ճÿһѡ֮Ƕֵ֮ǲȣżеĵطֵϣڿ˵صĳѡ֮ǽǷֵҡ
ôţͻȻ䣬Ⱥһɧ
ţֱ䶯ˣЩ죬֪˹עģȻǰʮΡ
ĿȥϿ
ԭڵʮ̫칬λ䣬ܲҵıǰʮ
ڵڶλãһµ֣λڷ׵֮¡
֣͵һ¶ǿҵ֮ɫ
½֮ǡ
һǿޱȵĳԽڶڵڶλȻ½֮ǡ
۵̣½֮Զϳ֮ǣѹڶްڵڶҲ˵Ĺȥ
ֻҽ֮ǣһҲδɡ
üͷ
ѡ֮ǵķԭԺǸõΪһЩ½֮ǳҲǲܡȻûŪֶΣͲö֪ˡ
Σϳ֮˵ⶼһϢ
ǣ˫ڵԪǵĳͻȻƵλڴûռˣǱ˴˼ĳԹȴǽˡ
ڱͬһѡ֮ǣĻȻᱻԡ
鷳ˡ硣
￵ȴ֪ϳ֮Ǻ½֮Ǽĳͻ
Ҳ̫İɣϾзڡպ֪һ顣
ҵĵģǷüͷûչļ󣺡ţ½֮ǵ棬ûһ뷽Ტۣǵ̫࣬ƣ»һЩ콾ԷĻ
½֮ǺУϰˣԶϳ֮Ķࡣ
ңҲţϰ˵ʵ´￵֮ϣһ
ǿҲܲסԷ˶ࡣ
ôһ˵պҲɵ
ǷԼƽûʲô
ˮڡ
̾˿ˣҲֻڴˣϣǧʢķ̭ǾһجΡ

ǺǺǣϳ֮ǣãܺáһ޴ϣĿӿŷϣϳ֮ǵ֣¶֮ɫ
ڵԪǵ澡ʧһ̶ǡ
ޱȵڴҪڳͷɫ뷨ȴʱ޷ʵ֡
ѡ֮ʵ̫ˣ鼰ޱȹķΧģôҪҵϳ֮ǣڴ룬һԣͷͽ͵Ϊ
ȥĵϵı飬Ȼɥ



1269 ѡʼ
ȡǶϿսģǣ
ԣһµüͷ
Ҳ½֮ǵĸγѡӵλǳѡˣòųԳ
½֮ǵĳǾطʼǿߡ
ڳУҲûоطʺʮطǰôǧʢᣬѡҲǡ
ȵ̣Щǿ߲Żһһ֡
ǡ⡣
ܺáҲԹ֮ɫ½֮£ûвʹϳ֮ǵġ
û뵽ȻǷһѡ֮ǣ춼ڰǡЦ
ǲǺʶǶϿսԪǷ룬ܶ˿ãΪ콾𣿺ǺǣҵҪһλ콾ѡ˾ͱ̭Щ˻ʲô顣
һ뵽ֳӺͺд졣
ܳһڶҪǣϿսᱻ˳ջأ½֮µõĿɼ
ĽȻõġ
İףҪʧӳ
վ½֮ǲμӳѡˣΪ׵һϮ£ϹŲЦݡ
ʱӵĻ¶һŵЦݣģһϳ֮ǣһߡ
Уʮ㡣

ΣȫԸɣҪΪǳѡ⣬ҲҪ̫ģμӵô࣬᲻½֮ǻ˵

ѡݣҲ֪˵ϱ˴ҲпܣôˣҪϣҲûôס
Ѱ˼䣬ѡ֮ķͻȻâȥƽƽǿҵĹԴӳгǵأԲǧڣ¶ܿһ
ͨʮĳѡ֮ǣĻصĻֺڡ
˵עʱ
ʼˣѡҪʼˡ˽
һ޴Ӱڳѡ֮ǰ丩ˣһǿҵѹָҲӿ˵ͷ
𾪻ţǳѡ֮ķ֮һ￵¶֮ɫ͵ĳѡ֮ǣ˵һߵĵرʥȣȻǿģһһǧѡ֮ǣһ
ֳѡĹҲܱ֤ѡûⷢΣͷҲܱסߵΣգ˿Էĳ֡
ǧʢٰҲһˣҲİ
΢΢ͷ
ԭķѹ޴ӰһϤĸо
ѡ֮ǣȱģҲΪֻ̨ͬᲢۡ
׾ܿѡ֮ǵҪڱķ棬ȻǷȱ
ǧʢᣬ췽ʥɸѡģҲһ֡૵
ڳֳͻȻһ֣ʱԻڡ
һžͷ֣ϢԺ
ڳѡݣԼĹȵȡ
λķҲƾճǰŲƳ˳ѡ֮ǡ
һкȻɢ㣬ʧҲţʱ볡ˡ
ڿʼʮڲ볡ģһŻᱻȡʸ
~
ӰζһЩļˣԾ˳ѡ֮ǣڵؽȹ̿ռ£ܷе˲ࡣ
ˣڽӽѡ֮Ǻת۾û˹֮С
ͬʱϣһ
Ų߲Ͻ룬һֽϵĳһμӵȫ볡ǸҲ
˶ζʲô
һ˳ѡʧܱ̭ϵ־ͻᰵȥҲһЩȵ˶̭Ҳ᳹׻Ұ
ˣ˭ͨ˭ͨͨ˶ˣ˵һĿȻ
μӳѡǺ֮࣬ܿ죬ѡ֮Χγһȫɲμӵɡ
Ҳ߰ɡ
ϳ֮ǵ棬ȻԷհ
˳źƵȺҲ˳ѡ֮ǣû˹֮Уţϳ֮Ǻͷ˵Ҳ
ԴԴ˽ѡ֮ǡ
ѡ֮ǵУҲһЩûбˣŽҵ˼ҲԣǷɵѡ֮ǰʱȴײͭǽһ㣬ݺݵײ˹ϣͷĲôֻӭ˵ĳЦ
гѡ֮ǵڣҪˣŪǾ޿ܡ
ʮӺ󣬷ϵѾȫ
ֳѡ֮ǵӴҲһ̱ļ᲻ɴݣܿ벽
ǧʢĳѡʽʼ



1270 һ
޾âΧûֳѡ֮ǵӴȴû̳ڳѡ֮档
Դˣȴ⡣
ͶԳѡȻأΪμӳѡ̫࣬ѡݷֳǽеһɸѡ
ΨսʤһͶӰܼǰĽѡ֮ǣˣǵһؿ
ڶɸѡڳѡ֮ڽУͨһɸѡ˻սʮˡ
μӳѡǺε֮࣬㣬ȴʣʮˣͨʿ˵֮һԶ
ҪͨѡĲʵ
~
ǰâӿڷǰ۳һӳ
ӣеһɸѡͶӰ
ûа֮ɫͶӰ֮ǶУ˵ѡ֮ˡ
ңͨĮû˿ڡ
漴һŹԳӿĵرԷ˹
ԺӵĹȴǶûһ£ɶԷĹԼϣͬ󺣣û㲨
ʵ
һӴжϳ˶Էʵ
ڵķ˵ʵ̫ˣָ֮ܽɱ
ͶӰ˵ĻϵѹͶӰ
~
һڷϣȻȴ۾ǵûйӺ

ʼˣʼˡ
ѡ֮⣬ȴ˷׷¶ڴ֮ɫ
һ̡
~
âӹڷ˳˳ѡ֮⣬ÿһâ棬ȫһˡ
һЩۼ˷֣Щ϶žźã飬˵Ƿɳģ˵Ǳӳġ
˲Ϣ䣬ѡ֮ĲȺ
ǡ˶Ŀɿڴ仯̫죬ⲻܡ
ǰһ̣Ǹոսʽʼѡһ̣˳ڳѡ֮⣬ǳʲô쳣״
ǿһ
˶ʱ̷֣ʱķϣƬƬֻҰš̭
Ȼôͱ̭ˣмǧ˰ɣ˳Ծ
ҲǼＸǧʢôײμӵġҲĲм
ʱЩ̭ҲӦƲѡ
ǵʵǼΪ΢µ˶в٣ԭҪμǧʢᣬһʢϢҲԺԺʱ
֪ʵͶӰһ˲ͱɱ̭˳һЩʲôû
ΣǱ̭ˣѾע
˺ܿȻ
˲䱻̭ģȫʵ̫͵ģλڷײ㣬вȫ̭ӡ
˴ȥˣͶӰ˳ѡ֮ǡͻȻ䣬һִŹâףζŴͨ˵һɸѡ
Ȼʱȴ͡
ºˣ˭ºʲô
˶һֻĸо
Ǵû˵º֣ѵ˵һλ콾ǰʮԼ֮ǵ콾ȥ
ºȻʮǧڷΡ
ʲôЦºһСˣǿ߶ûУºѵһ˲ţǶҲʵ
ѡ̫֮ˣ̾Ϥºվ˳
һˣȻΪ˵һͨߣ޷
ʲôֵģЩڱʵȺУҲв˶ۻ𣬿
ŽȥĻЩŵ϶⵽ΧȻǼ䲻㲻ᱻ̭ǸǿȵսУҲķ˴ľʵӦ½ȵ洦۷״̬˽ͲǶˡ
ҪͨѡʵҲҪһŶԣ㹻ʵĳɷݽͣѵѡ񡣡
΢΢ͷʵҲҪһԡ
ǣϳ֮ǵİˣȫûмŽѡ֮ǣȻҲûб̭
ʱţԽԽ˱̭
һڵһغͶӰսղб̭һЩǽ˳ѡ֮Ǻ󣬱̭
ڼ䣬ͨһؽѡ֮ǵˣ󲿷ֶЩѡʱȥĺ٣ֻռ˼һ֡
ϣͬۻһ㣬ִŹѸȥ
ųϵˣѸ̭
һʱܿȥ
Щڴ
ѡʱ죬ЩҪ֣ҲʱˣĺϷݡ
âУͻȻ۾
ˡ
ĿһƳһֱûֹͣĺӣȻǱشһ㣬͵鿪
һţںӽ»֡



1271 
ź󣬷ǰȻʡ
һӴޱȵ磬ڷǰ
ѡ֮ǣ
Ʈ䣬̤деĲԭ֮ϣüӡеĳѡ֮ǿǲһ
ѡ֮һ֣в̬ͬҲ˵Ĺȥ
~
һĻڷԣţ֣Լ
Դˣ⡣
˳ѡݣÿͨһأѡ֮ǵ˶һȵѡ󣬾ͻᰴѡʮ˽һ֡
ڳѡ֮ǵսʤܣָ½
ˣһζĶǲеģͨսԼ
Ļʧλȵ½һᱻӳѡ֮ǣܲŽʮ͵ˣǱҪײҪߵĿԷǳ֮ͣϵͬڱ̭
Ȼڳѡ֮ڲΣͷֻסͬʱŲƳѡ֮ǣҲࡣ
һǧΡƳ۹Ļ
ڲϱ䶯ţ˵и˽ѡ֮ǣͬʱսʹ÷Ҳ˸
ʼսɡ
︡˵ս⣬̤ǰȥ
Ĳԭһţܿ죬һӣԷҲӭ
ɱҾܽʮӷЦĳ죬ڵһͽĳѡ֮ǣսҲһ·ǣۿžҪǰʮʱóߵʸ
ⳤӲʶվԭһжʱмһЦΪǱԼɵˡ
ȻڽӽһȻоһɿֲѹӭһ͡
á
ɫ䣬̾׹ԷʵԶԼѹ޷ѹ
ӦҲѸ٣ż͵㣬ǰ˼ˣҪߡ
ǣȴѾˡ
ңңһֲĻϯóӸо·һɽڣ̳˱ļ
~
һ䣬ǳӶʱһ׹⣬ʧǰ
ͷжϳӵֵסһƣʱֵס˷Ĺѳӳ˳ѡ֮ǡ
ɵһԵĹĻȻǰһٶ
սΪǳӵߣҲôࡣ
ǰȥ
½˼ˣ˲ɵ̭
սУǽʹǳۻ𣬶չֵҲûԭǰ㾪ˡ
ʱķԸߵľƿǳۻ𣬲ܸΪǿͬʱҲշģһĶ֣ûбҪչֶǿҲܽʡġ
ţ䵥ˡ
һ֧߰ɵĶע⵽˷ʱ¶Ȥɫ
ڳѡ֮ڲټͬһˣԼ˺󣬾ͻᱧһţǻʶˣҲбŵĿܣͬǿС
֧С飬ǻʶİˡ
һ˰ˣûʲôµģɵ˺ܿһ¡
ǵʵһطܿһȻηһˣѡ֮ôҪЩ콾ҲףҲԼôù
Ҳע⵽ˣȻѡ
˫ٿ
ȵ˴ܿԷʱ֧СУ䣬Ҳ룬תȥ
ܺǸʲôãȻ⡣
һȺ׳գʶǿ˲ɱطľ콾Ⱥ˼ʸûСߵŭǸͬ飬ֻϣԼ˳ߡ
ѵ˵һʵǳǿҲǱ˵ķӦϣҲ³һЩࡣ
ԥǼһսתʱ
һ̡
ֲĻϯɡ
ԭ׹⣬ڷǰһͱɱһĻ˸ĵɥƴҪߡ
û׷𣬳ѡ֮ڣֶǣ˷Ѿȥ׷ѰҸĶ֡
ԽԽˡڷҲһ·ǣܿͳһڡ
ѡ֮⣬˻ϲ˳
ڶŵ볡սļ缤ͬʱ̭ҲǱ
ҲһЩ
ȻЩƵ콾ˣȫö˶˵ģûһ˱̭
ţĽݷ类̭ˣϣͻȻüͷŷͻȻȥһ֡
Ľݷ磬ϳ֮ǵİ֮һ
콾УǱԭ򣿡ǡ


1272 һ
ϳ֮ǵİˣ˷⣬˵ʵǿҲԷԣڲμӳѡ棬Ҳ
￵ڵؽ綼Ƶǵһġ
Ͼ콾ɲ洦ɼġ
оطʵľް棬Ҳѵóһλ콾
Ľݷʵôͱ̭޷Ķ֣ҲпܣǱԭ
~
ѡ֮âһӰ֣˳
볡սңÿʱÿ̶в˱̭
Щ棬Ľݷһ㶼ۡ
ҡҡЩʧԴĽݷɻϳ֮ǵۡ
ˡĽݷʱĵͷȥʱ۷֪ϳ֮ǵһ̭ģиѵ
Ҫ̫ࡣ˰֣ʵô̭ģԶԿĵˣ
ǣһ֧飬ͬһˣҶһ˾ͷ˹ɶÿ˵ʵҡĽݷʡ
ʵԼ̭Ȼ
ԣȴ˿ԷȻ½֮ǵˡ
ϸĻҲԣϳ֮ǵİˣֻз룬ʶ˲٣￵ˣͲܹע
½֮ҪԣҲֻԷ
ѡҲ̫ƽˣȥܶʵǿ˶ᱻԼ̭ͨǻʲô壿Ľݷ粻˵Ϊ̭ĵĲˬ
ˡĳ涼ӦˣҲûʸų콾ȥǧʢᣬҲʲôʡ
ǧʢᣬ콾̨˶ģǿһһ㣬ʲô


ƳԵĹĻŷĿǰȻѾͨڡ
ƽ
˵ѡίʵûаսԡ
ΪֹҲûһطʵˡ
ҲǧʢŲƣ˲μӣ￵һ඼ͬһʱˡ
ͣܳΪطģҲеľǵؽ콾
ؽһǧѡ֮ǣ콾ٶ࣬Ҳܶڴˣ÷ϡ
ţǷ
ųطеĶǿߡ
ԶһȺңңܵâҫʮ־ˡ
ʦ֣ⷽһˣʵǿҲǵĶ֣ҪҪ֣һӿŷǣǷ׵˿ɲȽ֮ǲкüطأҾͲţⷽǿȥʲôطеĶǿߣЩ֮Ǵġ
ȺˣȻԷ׵һ
ΪʦֵˣԶķһۣջĿ⡣
ûǸҪʦֵⷽٲʵΨطһӹɵģӲƴҲûʲôôֻñ˰װռ˱ˡ
ڽǳѡˣ̨ǧʢᣬʱֲ塣
ٺ٣ҲҪС˳ءһЦ˵½֮Ǻϳ֮ڵԪǷ˳ͻЩ˿϶Сӵ鷳̭ȥ
汻̭ļһҲûʸҵĶ֡ʦְȻ
׵Ⱥˣܿѡȥ
ѡϣܳ콾Ҳϴ֣ϾǳѡޣƴһҲ̫޴ˡ
ȻҲע⵽˷׵һˣԷûйҲûȤȥ鷳
һָɵˣһѰ￵ˡ
ѡ֮ڣ˴˼޷ͨѶټϳ֮ǵ̫٣Ҫۼһûôס
Ҳǰ֮ǰԼһֱȥܲǡ
Ϊ֪ѡ֮ڵĻΣĳߣǸۼð취
￵ǵʵȻƵĻ׾ͻᱻ̭ȥ
ĻҲ֣Ƕɹѹء
һʱܿȥ
ϣֶѾȥ˲̶ͬȵļԱû⡣
׵½֮ǵȵȣȫ˱̭
ʱģ˭Ҳ޷֤ͬϣ;бȻᾭսĻ̭ҲǺ¡
ϳ֮ߣĽݷ⣬˱̭Աʴﵽһ롣
ͬΪ֮ǣ֮ǸΪǿûзǿߣѾ֮˱̭
˵½֮ǵãֻʮ֮һ˱̭֤ձһԡ
תۼ䣬ѡֻʣһ졣
ʱ򣬻ڳѡ֮ڵˣֻһٶ򣬲ûߣʵˣǰһͱ̭



1273 ľ
ôĹ򣿡
̫ƽˡ
ѡ֮⣬̭ԹصйԹǿԼĻ϶ͨѡ
뷨ˣίʵ١
ѡ֮ǵȴǸûǵıԹӴֵĹסˡ
˵ڳطͰطΪĸǾطһǿԵҲƿ浽ѡ֮ڵ
ǵıԹ˵Ǻá
һȺķ½֮ǵϣĿɨΧоǲм֮ɫ
һ֪֮ûУμǧʢᣬֱЦ
Ҫǰǵ˵սʽѡڼƵҪȵʲôʱȥ
Ц
ǰȻĳɷڣ̭ȻΣͽ˲ɷݣǱȽϹƽˣָܲԵĹƽ
ԣ½֮ǵһλҡҡͷĿڷϡ
ϳ֮Ѿ̭ĸţڱˡ˵䣬һȥ˱̭ˡ
ǷǰȻüͷ
ϳ֮Ǳ̭ٶҲûʲô壬ֻҪڣʤȻǲԸ⿴ġ
ģİײʧġ΢΢һЦи֮ɫĺϷڲŸոտʼ

˵½֮Ҫң̭ȥĻӦþǽ졣
һһֻɵСɱۼΣƽ
ոչȥһ죬ûʲô
ʹ콾ѡ˲ûлදֵ
Ҳûǿг֣Ͼ˴˼ûޣҲǿˣӲҪѶԷ̭ȥ
ڷ½֮ǡ
֮ʱƽֻǸսѡ֮ǣԷûоۼԸûаհˣһ죬ǱȻۼһǸʱ򣬾ǹҷ鷳֮ʱ
ȴǷԸ
ѡ֮ǺܴͨʮĻҲ͵ؽһ㣬ռȹ̵Ŀ£˷ٶҲԶʱȣȻһȻûнѡ֮ǵĵȫߵǶԴµҲһ˽⡣
ǺһЩ콾棬˫ᶯ֣һЩȴǺܳġ
һʱѡ֮ڣȻ˸ռݡ
󲿷ܱŵĶѾţԷ׵ҲûԸȥӲ̫òʧ
½֮ǣڷڶҲޱȼɵ
Աһŵ½֮ǣûж˸ǣռһ̣ȻĴɱĲߡ
ڵλãʹӱ콾֪
Щ콾Ҳ֪ϳ֮Ǻ½֮ǵĳͻṩϢ
ҪֵĻҪˡ૵
ֳˣԷõ㹻ǰΣʱ򼴱Լɵǣ˵յλǰʮȻͨѡ
Ļûʲôˡ
½֮ǵĿʲôҪģǲǵóѣҪԱ֮ʩ
￵ǡ
ô÷ûϣǳһЩ⣬ҲͲٵˡ
ڳѡ֮ڣҲ֪ǲȫ̭ȥˣɵȲʲôѡ
һεǧʢѡҪѵĶ࣬￵˵ʵҪǱ̭Ҳʲô̫顣
һʧԭء

º
ǳѡ֮ڵһ򣬷羰Ȼʱȴ½֮ǵռݡ
º֣Ҳȡġ
½֮ǵ˾̾ڻºΪӪĴɱĲߣʱƣǵɱΧҲԽԽ㡣
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һ˫̥ģǱţǱ󣬽׷ˣ溬ϷʣȻռ˾Ϸ硣
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߲ˣǵʵǿٶҲ졣˫̥ܴܵڴϢţ罬ʶ߲عƴ
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˫̥ݼ㣬ƺʲôһ̣ܾܵ͸оһɴ͵ӿϣٶȱǰɳȥ
ߡ
عͷǸȻ˵ıӰɶ˻
ûж룬˫̥Լ͵֮Ĳ࣬ûбѡ
С
ɵһҲߡ
׷ɱЦռ˾ԵƣΪܵ
׼֣ɵ˫̥ʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬˲ԼͬĴ˸䡭ָоͷ·ʲôƥеĿֲڡ
ţһɿֲųĻ棬ǰȻը
ֲ̾ͽ˺ɳȥ
˭ôĵӣҲ½֮ǵ¡
ǱأȻоȴûоʧ룬ΪǶڱžԵġ
ţһ½֮ǵ֣Էһٲ֣ǸҲ˵
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뱻̭ȥ͸ҹ
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½֮ǣãľǡһƽ˹۽硣
ںĿǣдŭǾԲţ˭ܹ½֮ǵİʮλǿߣҪ֪ɲһˣ½֮ǵĵ̰ǿԶ֮ͨǡ
Ȼڣʮȫط𣬿һȼίʵ١
ֻ콾ʱӵطʵģ±ǮĻһЩͬʵȻǰȵġ
ʵţܺɨѡ֮ǣҲֻз׵ɵ
˶ԷĻǶ֮ԱǣиǰݣȻһҪ»㱨İף½֮ǵڶǿߣⲻ֪ļһ֪ҵ½֮ǵ³
ǲԼİΣϾǺ͸ɵǣ£˭Ҫ
Щ½֮ǵе̡
ȻһУڿݺɢ
Լûһ̵Ϊ־ޱȼ



1274 赶ɱ
½֮ǵˣȫɫ䣬ǰĳܸҲǵȻ޴档

ȻԸϣȴƾطʵûУԲǷĶ֡
ҪôöԸĻ½֮ҲͲõȵһ죬׼ˡ
ң˵֮ǰԷ˽⣬ڷ͵콾ԾĻô˿̣ȴиܵ˷ǿ
ңԶľ֣ѹԵǺɡ
˴˼Ĳ֮ȫǲԶ
ߡ
صĽ˸ûһս⣬ͻȻ䣬ȻתŻºķ򼲷ɶȥ
ʱ򣬻ߵĻҲͲǷˡ
Χ¶Է˼ٶţ˷Ӽ䣬Ŀȥȴֲ֪ʱԭƽ̹Ĵʧȡ֮һƬϷĿҽҽⱼӿţ̺ŵģǿֲ
ԷΪģҽ糱˹ȥ
˵ͻȻֵҽɿ׷ǣŸǰš
áĳȻİȫŵĻ
ɳҽϣǱӿŵĿֲǵľ·ڻɽ֮Уʱڻ
ֱʱǲʶԼͷ֮Ĳ࣬ж
~
һɫĻ˳𣬽ţǵڶʮϰٵĻ˱ϯա
˴ʧɫҪܣȻҽɢݳ·ǳޱȵɽѹϣжѣļڻĸоǴ˴˼Ĳ̫ˣֻҪԸ⣬ܽǷٳɷɻҡ
߳εﾳ磬ڷʩչеһһطֵܵģ켶ļһˡ
~
ı˻У˲ʧȥ֪ӿ׹
ϵҽʧĸɸɾΧҲָԭ״ֻпɢݵǿԼûȫȥĸ£ˣոշսӦ˵ս᲻ϡ
˫ֵ̥ĿɿڴĿţС
׷ɱ·ŵˣȻ˵ָʰˡ
λ콾Ȼʹ˵һǿĲ˼顣˫̥ѵ˿ĭط˵޷ǿߡ
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ȻңͿ˹˫ֵ̥ĵ
ˣøǡ
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һԣ΢΢ͷ
ûԶָɵˣȻĻλǰһЩû̫塣
Ͼڵξ൱ǰˣֻҪͨѡǰٷְٵġ
ѡΣҲʲôûʲôôȻǿ
෴˵ĵɱ½֮ǵˣΣȴǸõѡЩ˼ʮ
һΣξͻȵ½
ǰеˣһκҲᱩʮڵΣռݣôҪߵĻᣬҲ
ŷϷ⣬Զɱá
Ҫ赶ɱˣҲûôס
ϾһãͻᱻԼɱˣѡ֮ǵıƣ˫ʵ̫󣬲ƿغ÷ִ硣
ѡ򣬵߻òĥƵĹʱ֣֮Ƴѡ֮ǡ
Ը˾껵һɵƣͿԹһ
ǧʢ콾̨콾ġ
ڣĻôλȽͣĥӰƣͬǱƳѡ֮ǣβᷢ䶯ȻҲ޷ֻܵȴѡͽ
ˣܴˣȴߡ
ˣǿθ˰ˣĺϷڲſʼЦһʧԭء



1275 
º
ţǿһϮµͻȻü˸Ӧ
˵ѡ֮Ŀռ伫ȹ̣ǿɵӰҲ̫󣬿չ벻Զ
½֮ǵ֮ս˲ͽȴҲ̾ڻº˸
Χȥô¡İڷԸһ䡣
û̫⣬̶ֳȵȻˣȴûб֮üҲΪ뻷º̫Եʡ
ǡӦ뿪
İûж룬ǳѡս޴ڣǿ洦ɼ
뵽Ȼôĵӣ
˴˼޷ͨѶҲǳѡĹȻҲ޷⣬ͬһ˱ţͨѶϵƣȴҲ˱һƣԶԶûڱĵطô;߱ѹԵơ

ѡ֮⡣
½֮ǵΧҲ£˲ˡ
治½֮ǣ۵̣ԶһĽܱ֮ȵģΪֹҲṷ̋ʮһˣռʮ֮һڲμӳѡ棬ֻз׵ȡ
Զһϣһŵ̾
½֮ǵĵ̣Ȼϳ֮ǵķͷǳǺ½֮ǻԶԶ޷ȣһǱܸܲ󵽵ڶδ֪һȴǴоԶĹңС
Χ˷׷׵ͷ
μӳѡڣһûУ󲿷вȫ̭Ϊ˵Ц
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ϳ֮ǣȻҲֻ̭ˣҪ½֮Ǻͷ׵٣Ϊ̫ٵԵʣ̭ȴǴﵽ˾˵֮
һ࣬ҲԽࡣ
ȻЩˣɶվ½֮ߵģߵˣǲźۼƨ
ֺһ֮ǣȻżĺôЩˣǶ½֮ǵĽΧ֮ڣ͸ˣһλˣбһЩԴ͵֮ǵϣĪĺô
ӺӣϹֵЦݡ
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ͻȻ
~
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棬ȴʲôˣҲֻİ׵˾췴Ӧ½֮ǵѹԵġ
ڵǶ٣ͻȻʵ
ǻṷ̋Ȼ֪ԼҲûа취ģֻҪѡ֮ǣȻ޷ٴνȥȴܲѯԼΡ
æ۷ȥҺóѡ֮Χͬ˲٣ûԵôĿĽλ΢
ϣ˵֣ȫʮ⣬֮Զ
ϣûκϣߣע˱̭ˡ
ºΧڣʼ˴ɱ䡣
½֮ǵ˻ûзӦ㹻ӣڻºר½֮ǵɱ
һһĲ߱裬ֻȻţȴʧȥ˷
˴˼ľ޴࣬ʾͱ֡
ûɱκһˣȻǲȡ˽赶ɱ˵ֶΣȡ½֮ǵΡ
ǺǺǣ½֮һС鷳棬ǳ߸Ц̭ı֮һһ㣬½֮ǵǿ󡣡
˱̭ʱܶ˶˵ƨϡ
˺һ½֮Ƕû˼̭Щ˶ʱ಻סλɫҲԺÿһЩΨһǲˬǣȻš
ҿ½֮յ̭ᳬ֮һ󲿷˶ͨѡʮ˵
Ȼ·춼
ϣ~һʮһȥһ⣬ȫ½֮ǵˡ
ߵˣЦϣȥλɫ
ÿ֪ǱȻޱȵѿ
һӱ̭ʮˡ̭ǵԶ֮һǽӽ֮һ֮죬óᡣ



1276 
ô£
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Ǹտʼ죬ǵһǰ㣬ÿʱÿ̶˱̭ĳͿˣȻǲ˱̭ǹģԶԶ޷ǰȡ
ˣһʮ˱̭ǻ½֮ǵˡ
Ҫ֪ڶĴڣȻĿĿ⣬ǺҲǻ£ڶԣԲλԸ⿴ġ
˵Ŀζ
½֮ǵλɫʱޱࡣ
ȵʮ˹һʣǱ̭ԭ򣬺ǰһġ

ϣȻǷ֣̭
ң̭˳Щ˵ͬԶԶʧȥ˳ߵϣ
ͳͳǷɫͨ졣
İڸʲô˴˻֪ŭ֮࣬ҲǶİǿҵĲ
ѡʼʱİʮ㣬Ż˵Ҫϳ֮һ˶ߡ
λҲţһ㣬Ȼ̬ķչȴʧ
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İ׿͵̤ǰһ
~
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սٵʵײ
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ȵĻҽɢݳϯء
~
İ׻źԶȻ´亮ҽȻȴǿʼ˼ҵײš
~
һ½֮ǵɫ䣬ڵλýӽıԵ֮ײҲ
˸оԼ·Ǳӽ˱һӱǣһȼգ·ĶҪ˺ѿֳ롣
ͻȻһɴӿԶԶײ˳ȥ뿪ս
ֵģҲ½֮ǵˣӿŵϢԶԶˣȻһλط
ʵطˣ뿪λطȵص˼㡣
ⳡսطµóȻֻһ³Ǿ
Ƿİ׶ǿĿ¡
ּսԶطûеˣܼģ½ǲһ棬ನܽ켶ĺɱ
½֮ǵ˲ҵæԶԶ뿪⴦ս
ûֹ뿪
ܿ죬º⴦ϣֻʣ˷½֮ǵطǿߡ



1277 Ծİ
ţֲε
İսһ̣ѡ֮ڣĿⱻ
ͨʮСĳѡ֮ǣ˵Ҳ˵СҲС
٣˿λǿߵûжܺԹȥǸԶľ룬ϡӦĵ
ΪѡԵʣѡ֮ʱ޿̶ڱսȻûһսܼϴʱڻºĶԾ
˶ǺȻɫ䡣
طսң˫ͨط׵ռĵڣҫ۵âʦ͵̧ͷ˻ºķ
İйеľ
콾սȻڡ
˶𺳲ѡ
Ҫ˵һЩΪڶֵ˲ǣڽǳѡô֣ʵڲһǵѡ
Ӧ½֮ռĵطҺ½֮ǵ˶֣ѵ˵ϳ֮ǵķʦɫ΢䣬һ̣˸ʧԭأŻºķ򼲷ɶȥ
׵ˣˣҲ׷׸º׼ĿڳѡУһҲΨһһ콾Ծ

ޱ޼ʵҽڷѸӡ
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С
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İм
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ºɲǼ䣬ƺûκڽٵУһϢĨȥ

İס
½֮ǵǿ淨Ȼǲͬ죬ⷽôֵ
Щط˷ܲѡ
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~
һ𣬳ķ˷йſֲҽڣһɽֳ׷׳
ڷУﾳǳۻ𣬿ʼչ
Ǽ䣬شأڡ
ԾĻɲǼ򵥵ܽģѹƵԽԽˡ
̧𣬿ֲģ䣬һɽըṩ
촵ĺ·Ǳı飬ֱӷ鿪
ˡ



1278 
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~
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ȻþһȥҲǻص֮ǰ໥ľˡ
Ҳãô׾ͱʰ˵ĻҲ̫ʧˣܾˡİЦЩƵĿŷҵ£ﾳΣ
ͨղ̽ԵĽ֣˫Ա˴˵ʵҲһ˽⡣
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΢΢һЦûᡣ
~
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ȻϵĴԶԶĳء
оŵɫ
Σİ׶󲻵ԼͷĲ࣬Ȼ֮ûת淨ҲûʹøΪǿĵرƾǳۻ𣬾ͽܣİϵĴǻԵġ
ڼͺͷҪ֮ϣڲ֪Լжס
־콾󼰵ġ
һƱİףĿ⣬͵ϮЩطоǻֺ̿ţĿתܡ
~
һһңңɨȥ
ֲϯ
~
ЩطǱɽһ㣬ȫĵɳȥڵϣʧȥ֪
һƣ֣ǽ裬ûһܻȫᱻͳѡ֮ǡ
ЩС󣬷¶˵ɱһǰƣİ䡣
۵Ĺâڷϣ·Ҫһжڻ١
һƽһơ
İĺˣ˷·ǿ籩еСۣʱ㸲ÿ·һƣԽԽء
ؼŰݺᣬ𵴳£еºӰ£Ȼ鿪һƬӰʧͬʱڷǿ̣һ׹סҵİףͳ˳ѡ֮ǡ
Χһļž



1279 һ
İ׵ˣڷǰڽڰˣɾȫѻȸ𾪵˼㡣
ѾΪ߹˷½֮Ҳ޷С˵⽫һ¹˭ֻδ֪ΪϵƣǸӿ½֮ǡ
Ȼʵȫһ
ȵİױ˳ѡ֮ǣĿ⣬Χɨ
ģǿ߶Լͬĺһо״ΨַҲǳ֡
ȻЩҲ콾ڸոմķǰȴһ׶ûС
һ£ӦǶԾ˫ı˳û٣Ͼս֮϶Ǵӷϣȴһּ
ûٹʲôЦ𱻷ûһ˲ǡ
ʱڻºˣǲμӳѡȫ൱һڸ·ϣȻҲ콾ʵҪ½֮ǿ٣ǱˣԲͬҪụӰ죬ҲܻΣҲ½֮ǿ١
˶ǼѵĭĿ롣
Ƿ·ǿˣѡеȼߡҲҵĴս
Ȼˡ
ȷʵû֣ͣΪĿģȫ½֮ǵˡ
ЩطʵûУûʸһսˣһûӵһһɳо˻ԡ
ΪǱʤսЩ˸ûӣս֮ҪȴѾ̫ˡ
ţ½֮ǵ﷽ȫѰ·ǷҪǾۼһ򾡣ºܶͱ̭ȥˡȺУ૵
ʵ½֮ǡ
̫ĻȴܴݾߣһЩ½֮ǵˣڣ˭ףεǧʢᣬ½֮ǳˡ
һõĶ֡
׵Ǳߣʦս⣺ڴţǧʢһս

â
İ׳ڳѡ֮⣬ͬʱҲ˲ȥ
ʲôİױ̭ˡôܡ֣½֮ǵλľ
İף½֮һɫģҲ½֮Ǽϣǧʢž˵ı֣
֪ѡûȻͱ̭˳
ΧЩһ仰ҿˣ˭ܿλڵܲԾ
ڳѡ֮ˣǻƽ
Ͼǲ֪İ½֮ǵʲôλȻС֡
ֻǱ̭һ˰ˣ֮ǰʮͬʱ̭һġ
Ȼ֪̭һˣҪԶԶǰʮˡ
һλԼٶȸϵ˳ѡ֮⡣
ô£ҪˣǰĽԤڣʵ̫ˡ
ԭĺܺãҪڳѡϺݺݴϳ֮ǣ˶̭ȥĿķȴѡ޷ͨʱ򣬿϶úܶ˵ɫĺܾʡ
Ӵûлɹһ㡣
ǣô£
ö˶˵ģһ鶼ûУƫƫ½֮ǵˣһһı̭ھӣϣİ׶̭ˣ֮ܽܡ
ǷһˣһǺˣ޳ܵ͵ϮǣǲǣĶİס
~İûлشںӵУɫһӱĲ԰ֽȻ䣬һѪ˳˶ҡҡ׹
뷽ĶԾУİ׾˲ƣںļ֮£طѹ̾͸İ״ĪѹİϼˣѪһʱ˵
ʱ
ͻȻһڳѡ֮𣬷˲Сɧ
쿴ӵɫɲǼޱѿ
һ˲İˣĿ˷һ֮£жʱ˰ء
ֻϣڶ½֮ǣֵڶУһһȥ
ţһһ½֮ǵˣ̭˳
ͬʱڳѡ֮ǱλãһӰ֣ȻźԶ˶ϳǾµߡ
ô£
½֮ô˱̭ˣ
һС
ǴһŪô£ѡ֮ڷ£Ȼ
ʱһȥ֮ǰһӺڵʮôţȻͷ𾪡
תۼ䣬½֮Ǳ̭ͳһ룬̭ûֹͣڼ½š
ӺӴĿŷ·Ǳܡ
̭Ѿ˴󲿷ֵؽް
Ҫ֪ɲЩСڵڶλĿ½֮ǡ
ֱһĪķ̣˸оһ
ڡ
½֮ǵһ֣Ҳȥ˹â
ڵڶλ֣΢΢ζ£ƺҪĹȻҲͽ޹׻Ұ
λĶʱһƬ



1280 
̭ˣ
½֮ǾȻȫ̭ˣ
ҵͬڸѸɢ޷ŵɫ
½֮ǰ
ڷڶ˵ǵʵΣǧʢȻǵһϯ֮أ֪Ȼͨĳѡ
һΪһЦ
ѡûۡ
һ̣ӷ·оĿȫϣ˼Ͳмɫһӱ죬һѪӿ˺
£Ӻݺ³һѪİ׵ĺ󳾡
ʱбͬʱǺڵ˼㡣
֪³ֺοȥǷȥϳ֮ǣû뷽Ϊе˼ô㱻ϣߣȫû
úдҵǣѡͨĺ
Ӳ֪ȥ½֮ǵĳ
𡭡šӳԼǿ侲ڻǳ׾ʱȻ̭˳ֻҪǰûгߵĻᡣ
ޱȸмѡĹҲץסһݡ
̭ˣܿ챻λۼѯϣģİ׵
ʮһǧ
İ½֮ǿˣ̭ҲԽ࣬½֮ǰ˾Ͳ̫Զˣûκϣߡ
̭ǰ֮ڣȻһ̴̭ȵ䡣
ʮһ
λһϣȻ̭İ׵βǳѡûнڼ仹˱̭
ֻҪ̭˹࣬İ׵ξӦռʮڡ
Ƿ¶Թ֮ɫ
Ƿ׼ǰһЩĻ̭ҲκӰ죬Ȼ緢ѣȴ䵽ĵز
½֮ǣڶȻˣò˼ϣֱҲúӽ޵˹
ԶЦţ½֮һˡ
ʱǵĴд죬Ҳǿҵ𺳣û뵽Ȼһֱһ漣
óǣϳ֮ڱ̭˺󣬻ˣûа㱻̭ļ󣬱֮ǣǺ̫ˡ
ѡ֮ڡ
￵Ѿһ
ϳ֮ǻṷ̂ˣ￵Ҳǳ˷⣬ǿˡ
ǵʵڲμӳѡУҲŽʮ֮Ҳûеù콾
ȻҲûзʵһ·޼ɣ෴ڲϵƴɱ£˲òӣ˺ͷϵĻᣬڷ̾ỷº½֮ǶʱǿҲˡ
ԷȻǷǳϤһʱºڷ½֮ǵ˺󣬳ɹϡ
ңкü½֮ǵ£Ҳ˵ͻͽ

ѡĵ죬ĿĻ
ֳѡ֮ǵӴȻ仯㣬ͬʱڳڵ˱׷Ų˳
ѡ֮ǣҲָԭģ
Ȼ½֮ǵˣɫȴһӱĲҰס
ʣµʱİ׵ȷʵ˲ţǿϣҲûгʮֹʮǧ
½֮ǳױ̭ȻǶ֡
ܣⲻܡ۾ѪͻȻڳѡ֮ȺУ˷۾̺ˣСɱ㡣
~
ʧȥǣȫֲ֣˷
ţ
ɫһĿ˹ʱ˺ӵˣԼԷĹȴûаŵ飬ֻ¶һ˿Ц
˵ҪǱֵĻǧʢһЦˡ
󵨡
Įû˿һ޴Ӱӳѡ֮ڸʵָһӶʱ׻˱һɰֱӺ˵ص֪
ֵģǳѡ֮ǵ
²ֻ̨½һҲԶһطܱġ
Ŀ⣬½֮ǵˣڣ˶оֹ
ˡŭģͷԡӾһ亹ｫ˸Ѫͷ
ڴڹ֮ͥ¶Էֱ֣Ѱ·
Ϊȫƾٰǧʢʥ֪ʹû𷣣ҲӲ˸ϵȻᱻ
û½֮һˣһС
Ҳ˿½֮ǣǸӹĵģЩͨ˳ѡûԼҵڣϾڳѡ֮ģҲһܳߣҪյ
ÿ˶ֻܲѯԼΣˣȻ֪˵ȴˡ
Ҳû˵ȴãܿͨѡˣһ޴ĹĻǰϵ£ͨѡʮˡ
ϳ֮ǵˣȻڡ



1281 
ѡβߣǧҡ
Ҳû̫ԼҪĶԸ½֮ǵԭ򣬷ȫԸĻǰʮʲô¡
ϳ֮ǵУȻߣ￵ǷİǵͣչƵһЩҲߡ
һ
˻ϲ˳
ͨ˺Ȼǻ裬ûͨǰ̾һ㡣
֮ǣ½֮ȫûȫֻ̭֮˽ҳߣϳ֮ǵ࣬ˡ
ڸ棬ϳ֮ǳߵ˲࣬ǳ߱ȴǰеġ
һ˳ߣҲֻз׵ȼܱȵϡ
½֮ǹȻһߵ˶û
׵Ƿ׵˳ѡӮҡ
ȺУһ̾ĿҲǲͬ
ףǷպգȻֻһǧѵ˵ʵ
Ҳע⵽˷Ͼ̫ˣŵۻ֮˵͡
˵½磬ûдѪδĳɾԾ˱Ϊۻ֮˵ĺȻû˸С﷽
ǣѡȴǸе⡣
Щˣ˽⵽ѡ֮ڷʱɻ̻Ϊ
ټ½֮ǣȻΪһˣ˳ߣˣǱ̭ġ
ʵ޷
ΣⳡǧʢѡˣǳĻˡ

صϳ֮ǵϣӭ˳˵һӭ
ܹͺãܹͺá
˵⡣
ڱ½֮Ե£ܳߣҪķڣʲôġ
˵̭ˣ½֮ǹϵ󣬵ҲҪΪûиǰԵʣˡ
ѡ֮һ£ºʼҪ˵ʱ䡣
μӳѡûаƵģϾ
￵˳̶ȲһƣҪһʱľָƣԸõ״̬ӭս
ˣܿʹ˷ء
ǧʢµİţȻ
¶˵ҲʮҪġ
ĿģȻΪʲôˣҪڳѡʱ򣬷ǳۻȴûжǿĵر
ǲǰ¶̫ʵ⣬һԭ򣬾ǷԶûнƿء
֮ǰʱ̫ţɹתԲϾӭǧʢᣬƿصʱ伫٣ҲǷûʹõԭ
µĻ壬Ͳʲôˡ
ǾôȥĻ᲻ᱻϮ·ϣ￵Щĵʵ
ϳ֮ӣǰ½֮Ǹ׵ˣȻ߲ߣǳһǿ߲޳֣ϳ֮Ǿܵˡ
⣬Щء
ھı׷ɱľ˭˵½֮ǲգǾطǰģҲΪԼǶ֡
ǲҡЦǷڳѡϳߺ󣬾͸ʱ֮ϣֻҪ뿪ؽ磬ǧʢڼ䣬û˸ҶǶ֡
൱֣ؽЩ⣬֮ϡ
˶Ƕ⶯֣̾ͻᾪʥ
̫ԶʥҲ޷ʧȥ壬ıºܿھ԰ȫط
½֮ҪǸҶ֣̻ᱻǲ֮ǡ
΢΢ͷ
֮ȷʵоЩͬı仯ϣȻⲻǼ򵥵֣Է˵ϳġ
ؽҲһ硣
ֻΪ̫ؾԵʣֻȼ̫ߣûиӦˡ
νˡ
ڰȫطһΣ׼Ĵ뵽ڲ˴磬ʱ
¡񣬴ﵽ׼Ĳκ󣬾Ͳ᳹ıиĻᣬȫʧȥ֮λʸ
ʱֻȼȨȴǧԶһȼġ
ѹֳ˵½֮ǾԲϮˡ
͸ȫǲɱģû˻Ĵ£ڵؽڣǰȫġ
Ȼһ·ϻع飬ֱصϳ֮ǣûκΣա
û˷ʱ䡣
·ϵʱȫĳƿĵرϡ
ʱ䣬ҪƿǿĵرԷ˵ʱҲǷǳĽţݲ˷ѡ
صϳ֮Ǻ󣬷̱չأлһзÿ͡
ʱţµʱ䲢ת۾һζ



1282 

һ֮У
ԡâ棬Ƭ֮УҲΨһĹԴ
ԷΪģһâܻɢȥ·ɶڷıһõľ޴Ӱ𽥳֡
Ƭգʱ΢΢ζ
ɫ΢ľ޴ӰԼâҲ𽥻תʧϡ
ϤŸոյõĵرϤǽȫʩչ߳εﾳ磬Ժ˴ĶǷͬСɡ
ˡ
˻۾
âУȥ
¶֮ɫµʱûа׷ѣϤƿĵرҲʵһڽǧʢϵĻӦܸһЩ˾ϲ
˿ʱ䣬һ£Ҳûʣգ£ѡ˳ء
صϢ̾ʹ˳Ǳߣ˻ᣬǰ
ڡ
պ￵˶ڡ
Ҿ˵Ҳˡ˿û⣺ã׼ˣ㻹صĻͲòȥˡ
ʼ𣿡˿¶ս⡣
ͨ˳ѡǧʢˡ
ÿһѡ֮ǣʮͨڵؽһǧѡ֮ǣһ˴ӵؽѡγ̨ͬ
Ǹ棬Ѫڡ
˵ͷ϶˷Ĳ²⣬ǷһԵ￵۾Ҳ
һˣǺܶ࣬иһɸѡ룬˵
ǧʢμӵķΧޣָһ
ô棬Ȼݬ룬Ƶǵؽŵģֻкٵһ֣һȫһ
ţѡһɷݣѡγ˺ܶ࣬ǸУ̫ؽź콾ѱ̭
ܳƵǵؽŵģǼ֮٣ϳ֮棬Ҳֻ￵һ˰ˡ
Ǹǿ콾
һЩ˵ֻһЦ˶ף˵˭
нһɸѡӹɵģ̨̤ģֻ콾һܿ϶˵
̨̤ģȻ콾ǲ콾һ̨̤
콾ڰ;ҲǺ¡
￵ɫƽûʲôʧȻ̨ûйϵǴڿʼѾǧʢˣʹ;̭Ҳһٹ⡣
Ǳ߱˵ɡ
ǱߣѾ֪ͨǰȥϡ
վ˵ۣ뿪ϳ֮ǡ
·ϣԼ֪һЩ˵
ڿʼʽ֣ȻϺǵİžˣ޷ֻͬڿ̨Ϊ
죬ǧʢʥ𣿡ɫ΢
ؽжʮ죬ָľǶʮĸʥû˽
죬Ƕʮ֮һ
ǿ֪ǵؽ磬ĶҲѭŹһֶģԹΪԵΪԵΪȵȡȻΪģֻʥ
ʥھ֮ϣ

˵ģҲһֽɣûʥȴͼΪǱȻ֮֡
ʥھ죿ͷ΢𣬾ĳЩ
ⷬҲǽ⿪˷֮ǰһɻʥ棬ǰҲ֪ʥ졣
ԭΪǽһɺϣΪڲֻ֪ʥΪ
졭૵
ؽжʮ죬Ҳ˵ؽ繲жʮʥ￵Щʵ
ʥ۷ˣǵ٣ҲһǿΪؽ֮ˣȻǷǳġ
ҡҡͷֻ˵ڶʮ֮
ÿһ춼һλʥʥ棬ǲֻһλʥû֪ˣҲһЩʥԸⴴ
ؽ絽жʥִ𰸣ǳһССİط֪ġ
Ҳֻܴӳƶϣڶʮˡ
ʥҲŲ
ؽ粻֪˶꣬ڼʥҲʥߵľͷ

Լĵص㣬ʻ֮
ͻȻ
ǿѹȻ٣סϳ֮ǵۡ
ǡط΢ȻͬΪطڶԷѹǰȴоԼޱȵСս
ǾطʣʵȻԷʵȻԶԼ
ӦǴˣˡܿ죬ͷӦ˹æŷ˳ۡ

ġ
ǸˣɾɾĸĵҲ״̬ٸ°ɡ


1283
һۣ߳ϾͿǰһӡ
鵭ĮһǿѹԴˡ
ȻǴˡ˿
ʥˣȻ˲ͬȻҲûˣȻжϳԷӦʥ
ˡ΢΢һ񣺡ϳ֮ǵˣ˾ͨѡķ￵
Ŀ˷ˣжȻâƬ̺˵ͷ
ᣬȷʵû˸
˵꣬תߣæȥڳȴǾʹֹ
һף¡Уǰʱһ޴Ĵ
ʱͣһĻĿ΢
һԣǹ̶ģһ䶯ʧЧ̾ͻʧȥ͵ȻҲһЩĴܹʱʹã϶һԵġ
ʱļֵΪ󣬿Ҳֻгʥˣó
ңʱ͵ľ룬̶Ҫ̲١
ӴŷˣֵĴ֮Уһҫ۵Ĺâ˵Ӱʱʧ
ǴҲȻ鿪Ϊɢȥ
ݳްҡҡͷͷҲ߰ɡ
̣ɴˣȥĵطȻȥˣȻҲԭأרŵĵطԹս
â˳һ޴ƽ̨ϡ
ţ
ƽ̨ϣֻзˣ˲ˡ
ͨѡˡĿһɨ˲Ϥףͬһѡ֮ͨġ
Ǵûͣת뿪Ȼȥӭˡ
һЩͬεˣҲһˡ
Ƚͬһѡ֮ǵ˾ۼһȻȫߣѡ֮ͨ˻ϡ״ʱȻ
˵ģѡ֮ǣͨپԳǧ
һǧѡ֮ǣԵǶĺˡ
첻һһȥӣԳѡ֮Ϊ׼󲿷ˣٽĵڡ
ԽԽ˱ӭӹ˴󲿷˶йһ֮Ե⣬ҲһЩİףЩİ١
룬ҲǺܿ
ѡ֮ǵķԭ򣬱ԸõΪһЩˣ½֮ǣ
½֮ͨѡĻƱزܳΪ̫ңԶǱǱߵĳѡ֮Ǵߡ
ڳƽ̨ϵİףҲڳѡʱ䵽ȴͨѡ֮ˡ
ƽ̨ϣһЩ˻յһ𣬽ĵϢ
ȴûʲôѣֱߵһ䣬ȴ
ûеȴ̫á
Լ˰ƽ̨ľۼˣʮ֮ϣý˶ˡ
ͻȻ
һɿֲѹƽ̨ϡ
طʣ˷׷ɫ䡣
Щڣһ㶼е⣬״Ҳ
һĸߴӣ֮УĿɨˡ
Ѿˡ
ߴӵ˵ͷһ·ǻӴգһ̡
¡~
֮УȻһͨΡΡ֪ͨδ
ǡĿ΢ǵؽ磬ռ伫ȶȻпͨ
ҲֶֺܿΣǳλطʵĸߴӣӦ˵һ꣬ͨͨľͷ
ߴѾͷҲصĵͨЩӭӵˣҲ׷׸ϡ
쳹ƽ̨
ͨˣæȥ
ߡ
վ￵ˣȺУҲǵͨȵһ˽ͨͨʧ
ûͣ˸Ϻֱͨȥ
˶٣ǰ̤һ
һ̤ͨ߳һȻĸоȴǿǧɽˮ֮ңⲻǴˡ
һԵ￵Ҳ¶˾֮ɫ
һİȺУһ󾪺
ģͷ΢
ֶΣԶ
ؽĿռ伫ȹ̣ҪҲʮּѣԽԶѶȾԽ˵ؽĴͲ̫ԶܶʱҪۡȴ
ϴϳ֮ǷַλطʣҲֱӴڵĵط͵֮ǣҲҪȴˡ
ĻҲǺ
ؽǺε֮ǧʢǱ鼰ؽ磬Ҫͨѡˣȫӵһ̨ͬ
ЩλڵؽֶεĻҪȫۼ֪Ҫȥá
ǧʢᣬȻ˷̫ʱ䣬ĵֶΣڶʱھͿǧɽˮۼһ



1284 
ʮͨ첽ǰתۼ䣬Ͳ֪˶˵ؽĴƬ
ͻȻ
ǰͨâӿ֣һڡ
Щǰ·ȴ˳ڣ˽ڴ˳ں󣬺Ȼ֣һ޴ĳǳ֮С
˳ֵĵص㣬ȻڳǳĹ㳡ϡ
˵ǹ㳡ҲǼΪ󣬲һĴСվڹ㳡ϣԿƵΰĿȥǿԿһɽϽ񷣬ʤա
Ǵ죿Ŀ΢
ؽ粻ͬڱ磬鲼ź͸߲ƵԵ޶ԣȻٺòڣͬĵطϢҲи¶֮֡
ؽ꣬Ҳٵȴûһڣǳȡ
ǡ
˵УųǾ֮ϵʥ֮أȴһҲ˵ĸоԶûгĳ̶ȡ
죿ʥ֮أҪ̫ˡ
סһգʤƽʮհ
ͨѡݬ룬ԲͬЩǿҲֻ߰ǿĴʶ㣬ʱʱһ̾
Уټ֡һм˵ǣһԾط꣺ɲǴ죬ųǵؽʮ֮һĵط̶ֳֻȡ
ȻǧʢˣҪһɸѡֻ̨̤ˣʸǰ졣
ĿζɨˣľˣҲֹڴˣܼʶĴ졣
ΪԼ˭вˬ
֪ȷʵҲˡ
׵Уһӵڵ
ǧʢ̨˫սĳᱻʥԲ˼ͨؽ磬ڵؽĿֻ̤Ǹ̨ˣ޲Ǿ콾֮١
⻰һڳУ˶ǵһ˾κˡ
ǧʢᲢÿʮٰһΣǼ亱һεǧʢᣬڼʮǰÿһξٰǧʢᣬڶ콾ӿ̨̨֣ͬ
Ϊʵ̫ңԶܶǧʢᶼʮĮ̇Ҳֻ׵Զϸڡ
΢΢ͷ
Ҳֻм֮ãŻڶ콾֣ͺһĻƽʢҪĻ۳Żӭڵؽ磬ͬˡ
ؽ綼ܿ￵Ŀⷢ
ĳ붼˷ܼޱȵܿ̾˿̨Ȼ̤ġ
̨֪ܲܵ˷һۣҲǴ
̨ܵŹʣʣϳ֮ǻõĪĽʱڽ֮ǵĻܷĺôվ￵ϣȻϣ
ǡ
Ӧ˰ɡ￵ҡҡͷ΢΢Ц
ǧʢڼ䣬ؽ콾Ǻε֮࣬Ȼ룬ǻͣǲչ鲻ߣ󶥼֮ǣʥĵӵȵȣ֪ǿ̶ֳȣȻǿҪӱ̨̤Ҳ졣
Ȼ֪ߵ￵תôͷ
Ŀȥ㳡ϵ
˲ǵһģ㳡Ӱأطˣǧɽˮִ
ǳڣ˵ѹԼ޷ɢݳȥǲܼԶӱϿҲ޷жϳЩǾ콾
ѿֳһͨ
һڴ˴£˹㳡
ǵʮˣȴǼ٣ֻˡ
Ŀȥڿһʱ΢΢һ
ͻȻƺҲĿɨ˹˵ײһɲǼ䣬ǿҵսӶԷи
͡

ˣȻڷеľ콾͡
͵ĿⶸȻޱȣ·һ񽣴
ȴƽ
˵Ŀһײ˷һۣջߣֱǰȥ
Ȼ˲Ŀ⽻ǿҵս⣬Լȴĸܵ
Ȼһǰǿ̹ģлĻȻԼսϴѩ衣
ͣȻԵ￵Ҳע⵽˶Էжʱɫ߲ƣͼĽ֮ǣһʵ½ȣҪСģĻǧܴ⡣
˲ΪĽ֮ǵͷ̫ˣڷûжġ
ԣ΢΢һЦȴûô⡣
ܿĳ͵ʵ֮һǰĶԾȷʵŲСĳ
Щֺγԭ̤أֲϽģɲֹһˡ



1285 ̫ʽ
Ȼͳˣô˵ǾĽ֮ǣ
Ŀ΢һˡ
ĻЩ˾Ľ֮ǡ
Ľ֮ǣһԣӼ͵лع￵Ҳʶһ㣬ʱΪ𶯡
λǧ֮ǵ۷壬е֮֮һ
Ȼͨѡ治Ľ֮ǡ̲סп
½֮ǣûз֣ͨѡˣҲֻмʮԶĽ֮ǡ
Ƿ׵Ҳ޷֮ȡ
￵𶯣ͬϳĽ֮ǵˣҲ׷׷˾
Ľ֮Ǹ߸ϣϤǵ˼٣еͣȴ֪ܶϾ̫󣬶ҲһЩ֪һ콾Ծ󣬾뿪˴֮ǣȥĽ֮ǣڼȻͣȻҲϳ˵
ȻôˡһĿ΢
ʲôôСֵģ׵ӣ֮ǰ͸¶̨ܣʱ󶥼֮ǲͬѡμǧʢˣͲҪμӳѡ󶥼֮ǣʥԼһЩֱͬӽǧʢᡣ
ʲôҲ̫ƽˡ⻰ʱ˷˷߷߲ƽ
Ҫ֪Ƕǧ࣬ڼƵвɱӱʵȱһɣ󶥼֮ǵˣȻֱѡƽ⡣
ƽǺǡԣǷ׵ӲЦҪǲμӳѡǲŽвƽʵϣӦңòڳѡϾǣ
ҲúÿԼ󶥼֮ǵǺεȴڣÿһٶ콾һЩطʵԶԶĻɫܱȵģҪǼѡ˻ᱻ̭ȥڳĲˣͲˡ
ԭ߷߲ƽˣ⻰󣬶ʱΪ֮ʧ
ûܷ󶥼֮ǵǿ
ĳ˵ǲμӳѡ˵ȫһ֮õĺ£Ȼǧʢ̺󣬾пˡ

Ľ֮ǵˣ˵Ŀȴǻ벻⣬ҲϰˣӵĿ⡣
ͣ㿴ˣվԵģһ޳ĽӣȻǳڣ˵ѹԼƬ̼䣬ǿսȻһʱ䱻ԵĽӲ
ûʲôһ϶ְˡ͵
Ǻǣϳ֮ǵǸɡЦĽ֮˵ӹϵĶ֮ǣĽ֮Ǹ벻ǵۡ
һǰ͵ĶԾ˼ĺ䶯
Ľ֮ǣȴѹûᣬҲὫֲεսȻҲ⡣
֪Ϊ͵Եʡ
Ǻͽã֪ǿ󣬽ӸȤ£ռ͵鱨սʤ͵ķ֪
ɫһ
֣ⷬýӿ϶ԼĲ²⣬ͷ۷ƲƲ죺ҿҲûʲô֮
ҪҪҸᣬ
һЦݣš
˵սʤͣȴѹ⣬һʱ䣬ʵڵ˵ȵϱ˵һ꣬ʵϻһ˵ı仯Ҳûнԭ
Ҫ͵üͷ˵޹أսܵĳһֻأ㵱ѵĻͱҲ֡
ðɺðɡ
εʼ硣
治֪ôʲô
ⷽչҲһ½֮˰ˣܺһʱԶԶ޷ȣڵͲĶˣֻɳ·ϵһĥʯһҲ߿ˡ
û˵
ΣҲĿսʤͺɨٽ֮ǣݺ޵Уһ޵Ƶʱ򣬱ܣӰ켫ΪԶ
ֻܷϴѩ裬ⳡսܽӰ죬ͽĳɾ͡

㳡ϣԽԽࡣ
ò˶ãԵؽͨ˳ѡһڶˣģȫ޴Ĺ㳡ϡ
λߣӭ̫ʽ硣
ʱһ޴ǳأЩֵĹ㳡
ǡһ磿Ŀ΢
ԭΪڵĵطǴµĳǳأȴһ֮С
̫ʽ磬ǽڽ磬һ磬۲ΣȶϿս绹ҪǿࡣһԱ
ȶϿս绹ҪǿĶࣿ˫üһȻûȥϿս磬ɷϿս壬ֻҪ֪ǧ֮棬ֻʮʸȥϿս֪һ
õϿսʱǺεȵľϲ
￵Ҳһ𾪡
ǣ˵ˣԷһӣЩƣӦڳѡмȴûʲô顣
ǷɡӶԷȴʮϤҽĽڳѡ֮ڣΪİҵԳߣûкúøлء
΢΢һϸĽȴ˳
ڶԸ½֮ǵʱṷְ̂ȥǰǴ󽻸ˣĽеһߡ
ĽʵҪڳѡгߣʱͲ󣬵ڽһʵԶ½̭֮ûŽҹأ˶Էʮָм
֮Ͱˡ˰֣û⡣
˵Ǿ֮ͣǶ˵ȴ֮Ľп
ûоȥղŵĻƺ֪̫ʽ磿
šĽ˵ͷȻҵʵڣǼǰҵȴһǿԱʹҲһЩ˥ˣҲ֪һЩأͨѡ̾ͷ˼еĹϵ伮Դ˽⡣
ʱ䣬Է̫顣
Ľļ壬һǿ˥ĲӣǷǳģ￵ϣҲйԻʷ
Ǹ޴ڳӭ󣬾ûٳ֣Ȼʱ䣬ȺУԵؽĸ̫ʽ˽ģҲǴڡ
Ҳû˷ʱ䣬ѯĽ̫ʽһЩ
̫ʽ磬Ȼڵؽڣȴһ硣
÷еԾС硢ռȵȣȫǲģڵؽڣȻ̫ʽȴȱڵؽ֮⡣
ֽн磬һĴȣԵĲͬ
˵У̫ʽܴ֮ڣΪ̫ɽĽ
ʶ˳ǳ֮⣬һϽɽ
̫ʽ磬ľ̫ɽ̫ʽ̫ɽٳġĽ
άһ磿̫ɽѵ￵ȵʶѡ֮ǺٳһƺҲôԽܡ
ǡĽҡͷһֵ̫ɽߵĵر



1286 7ɽ
ߵĵر
һ£￵ĿƵ˳ɽ
˵侲Ļôߵĵرûһ侲
Ͼǿڵ˵û̫壬ߵĵرͲһˡ
ʥᲢ۵ǿڰ
ѡǧʢֵߵĵر̨أ
𶯲ѡ
Ȼ֪ؽ󣬳лߵĵرǴʱϣȻ̲סĳȡ
㳡УܿҲһľͬκ˰㣬Ⱥдţ˾޴
ߵĵر
ѵ˵Щɽ̫ɽ
ⱲۼߵĵرϾȥҲֵˡ
ûֹҲû̫ɽĴڣȻ˴˵أͲס
Ȼ֪̫ɽҲûʲô˵û֪̫ʽλã֪ˣж˹ʸ̫ɽ⡣
㳡ϣͻȻ䣬һ޴ɽεض
һɽӰַΧڵˣǺˣһ߳ɽĶϣո˵ˣλߡ
Ǵĳϣ֣ǧʢὫֳ֡Ŀɨˣ
쳤ϣʮطۡĽһ
ΪѹԵʣֳϵĳûд˾޴ѹȡ
ȻĿȥֳϷ·һ޴ĹԴɢҫޱȵĹâֲΧȴԼŲɢݳȥ
ʱȻףԼѹģ̫ɽˡ
֪û̫ɽԼֳû֮⣬ڳľ˶ˡ
ϾʵͲʵ̫̫ˡ
һλʮطǧʢᣬҲɼǧʢĵȼ֮Լӳ̶ȡ
ֳϵݣȺһ䶯
ˣһӶûлԵʮط۵ǿߣǿٵصͷһΡ
ǧʢ̫ʽٰ죬ͨ˽ֳ̨̤ϵҪ̫ϣˣЩУֻоŰپʮܹߡ
һڶˣֻвһǧ˳֣⼸ʮһ˶ᱻ̭
Űپʮü
ΪʲôѡһǧˣոȺУ̲סʡ
ʮȥƺ٣ҲǸᡣ
ʮ󶥼֮ɫߣԼʥĺĵӡֳϵ
Ҳ˵ʮ˶ҪμǧʢᣬֱӾͻ̨
˳Ĭ˻ᣬȴû̫顣
ҪЩμǧʢᣬ˵Ǻ£־콾к档
Ҳʮ˺ܿʵ
󶥼֮ǸһˣҲ˵ʥӵĻˡѰ˼š
ؽʥڶʮˣյĺĵӣȻҲԶ֣Щĵ棬ʸμǧʢģȻ̫ࡣ
̨ܽˣҲòŻġֳϵǧʢĵص㣬̫ʽУ²ĵص㣬̫ɽϣǽ̤̫ɽб
̫ɽĽ۾͵Ķѡ
ߵĵرƽʱʶĻᶼûУȴУʣ⽫һǧѷĴûᣬ˶۾
󶥼֮ǵˣҲڴ
ֻᣬǣҲ
ǿԿЩɽǾ̫ɽһ֡
ֳϵ
ÿһɽʮ֮ߣԽϣǳܵѹԽ󣬲ǽɽʱ򣬶õһ˿̫ɽľݾܰǵ̫ɽѹ
ÿһףΪһޣΪһ㡣
ͣһ£ôǸտʼõ̫ɽͿ԰쵽Ҫһ¥ͱɱһ֣Ӷϵ̫ɽһ׵׵ĵڶ㡣
ڵڶϣϵ̫ɽᷢɱ䣬Ϊ߲εڵڶ㣬ҪٽһҪӶϵľ㣬ԴƣҪʵǵĸߣͱ벻ϵɱ֣Ӷᾫ
ʵǵߵʮˣɹߣ̨
˵һֳϲ˵ȴ˵ݡ
Щ򣬷һЩϤ͵ؾʵֻ̨ʱЩƵĵط
˳ɽһۣǵĿǾʮһڶˣᱻ䵽ͬɽϽбҲǺ£ԱܿһЩ̫ǿĶ֡
ȻǧʢĹ򣬺ܶ˻в֮
ֳϣ̫ɽϱɱĻ᲻˸ʵ
ҲǴ󲿷ĵ⣬ϾûʲôԼСҪˡ
ǧʢĹ򣬷ǹսΪ˽߲㣬̫֣ɲǳѡ֮ǣͷֱ
õģǵʱ֮ϣ̫ɽȥ
һɱͻһ㣬ϵ̫ɽҲᵹһڵһͱɱֱӾͱ̭
һ㣬˵ʵǵĻᣬҲһӴˡ
ʧܸΣҲгߵĿܣȻǰǣڵһͱɱ
޻˵
˵󻯵ĶžĳɷݣΪǿж̭֪ܴⳡǧʢгֵģȻʵǿ֮ˣҹص˲ٳ֡
һЩˣѯһЩϸڡ
ֳûκβͣĵĻش˵⣬ϣǧʢĹǹƽ
ûĻǧʢʽʼֳĿɨˣ¶һ˿ص΢Цǵ̫ɽӦûõһݾϲ
ûѯʵʲôϲֳһӣʱڹ㳡ĸһ޴ʯ𣬴ϵ£һֲϸֳ

һĻ˺ܿ췴Ӧڹ㳡ϵķоʮӦ˳ɽ
ڽеԱ䣬һڶ˰һĹ򣬷䵽ʮɽϡ
ڹֳҲʮֹƽġ
ճѡΣз䡣
ÿһѡ֮ǰ˶ᱻֿڲͬɽϣͬһҲᱻֿ󶥼֮ǵȣǵҲᱻɢ
ַԭΪǿ߾ƽڲͬɽϣø콾ߡ
ԵĹƽַ֣ܳԭû˻顣
23ɽ
35ɽ
78ɽ
￵ĽܿڷҵԼλá
أ
7ɽĿеһɽϣɽ˳ʲôȻ7ɽϣҲһɽϵǿȥҪ
ϣһ
ϵλã֮ͣҪڳѡߣһǧȻҲ߲ȥ
ȴ⡣
ڵʲôǰʵԽǿҲ֣ʣ⡣



1287 ǿ
ұֵ13ɽأ
Ľ֮ߣͺܿҵԼ䵽ɽתͷԱߵĽӡ
һǰĽ֮ǣȥĽһʼͼĽ֮ǵȻһЩңҲǼ٣ӾΨһһ
7šףҲҵԼλãȻĿһɨȴͻȻЦ
ЦʲôͲ
ͣɲܹ˰˲õЦݣָָ·
Ŀɨȥŵ־۵ףҲ׹ΪʲôӻЦôá
֣Ȼ7ɽϡ
ҿûôıףֻ˵⣬ҺúýѵһСӡ΢Ц
ӦͲȥҷ鷳ڣ˾Ȼͬһɽϣ˴˼䷢սҲ˳µ飬ҲǿҪ󣬽Ӳҷ鷳
࣬Ҳ㱾£Ц
ÿһɽϣ˰ˣڽӿֱǵ͵ķָ
˵ڳѡʱξͲߣڲŻ֮͡Ц
Ҫ⡣üͷѡ˵ʲô̶ֳȵսûıҪ
Ҳп˶֣̭˳ȥǿߡӴ͵Ļ
֮ܶҪ̫Сɫһ
֪ˣ㻹ǵ߰ɣ13ɽϿкüʵġİ˰֣˻⡣

Ľ֮ǣ
ŷǰУֺ棬дĽ֮⼸֣࿴˼ۡ
Ľ֮ǵ棬ֻлһ˱䵽7ɽ
Ȼǵڰˡ
׵ϣʮһϤ֣ϣڳѡ֮ǵʱ򣬷ѡƺǰ
Ϻͻ⣬ǰʮ⼸ˡ
Ȼڵ׼ȷǴʱǰʮʮˣʣ7ɽߵĴţ˵ӡ
󶥼֮ǣֻеһ˳
кüԺͷ׵ͬһǿ콾
Ȼϣǻ˶Ŀġ
ʮ죬ǻ𡣡أڵһλǸ֡
ʮ졣
ΪֻһֿܣǾʥʮ죬ȻǵؽĶʮ֮һǻʥˡ
ȻʥҲǿǻȻڵһѹˣ˵һС
ʵõֱӳߵҲǳԽ˾ˣǳԽ󲿷콾
ʮĸǻ
ڶλá
죬޼
һʥ˵ڶλãڸǻ
ȳѡǧʢϣʥ϶֮ǵˣ޿ɱġ
ʥ֮ǣɳ֣Ҳв٣Ǳɢ䣬Ҳܱ֤ÿɽ϶С
7ɽϣĶ֮ǵָֻˣȡ֮ģλʥľ콾
ǿư̾˿Ȼȴûаǳս⡣
Ķӱ塣
7ɽһԣ￵Ŀɿڴ
Լÿһɽֻʮ˳ߣζֲ˽һƳע7ɽϣϾҪ˵ϣĻǷ
ȻǰʮЩˣȴ￵б
ǰʮЩˣûһȷϣҲȷ
ɽĺҪɽĽҲǵһ
ȻԱķܹƽǿҲǱⲻ˵ģڵ7ɽҪɽΪǿǿҲࡣ
ǧʢᣬʽʼ
쳹ڹ㳡֮ϣͬʱӳľʮɽϣͶâ˹㳡ϡ
ÿһâסһˡ
͡￵ˣֻüԷ˵ôһ䣬ͱâߡ
תۼ䣬㳡Ͽһˣ˶â˸Եɽ֮С

7ɽ
ɽŵλãһâӿƬ̺һͻȻƬһ˵ڡ

̫ɽ
ͻȻ仯ЩңܿͷӦ˹֪ԼǱתƵ7ɽڡ
û˳ڵϵѹʱɢ˳
ǿѹɢݿΧ˶ǵľЩطʵûеˣĿ־壬æ˱ܿȥ
һӣокüȺС
Ŀ΢⼸ϵѹûһһǰͣʤ֮ȻѹǴ˾ԵʵҲܿ⼸˵ʵеĶ⡣
ʮĸǻ𡣡
޼

ȺУϵǿͬһˣ˵Щ˵֡
ȫǰʮǿߣҲǴ7ɽϳߵš
ǿ˭ܻõһ
ǻ˵϶Ǹǻһ
һ֧޼ڵڶҲδؾͱȸǻȥ
˶Գ߱ϣģиǻ޼Ķǿڣֻʮǲκϣת˭ܳߣ˭ǿ߸Ȥ
ǰʮˣ϶дȺ֧ߡ
ҿҲлᣬɲСҲʶ˳
УļһʲôЦܿ죬ͱӣֻмһЩ˿÷
Ȼڼʶǻ˵ѹ󣬾Щ˶ҡ
͵һսȻˣǺʥĸǻ޼ȴһ˵ûС
һڣûе̫ɽˣ̭
ֳϵͻȻ
䣬̾˳ɽһʱ䣬붯ȥΪ׳ۡ
Ⱥеķһ㶼ֻۣصķת£ܵѹҲԶûиǻǿҡ
ţ
һ̤ʽ̫ɽµɽӿһص˷ڡ
ǡ̫ɽľ
ûмŶϸص
ĵرƺǣΪصĴڣûκεƻǷ̫ɽľڷһЩϸ΢ı仯
ǡ
ҪᣬͻȻһǿ͵˹ݺݵĺϡ
󣬴Լʮ׵ĵطһӻӶеĵر֮ɫһɹ˷
ˣ׳հûС
¶ϲ֮ɫ
ʶμǧʢĹ򣬱ɱһˣӶԷ̫ɽܽһ㡣
ǰڶ̫ɽУôõĻȻԥķ˹



1288 
ˡ
ϲûָߣϣܵĵ̫ɽĸߴ
ˡӶԼʵģȻȥǺ±УҲҪˡ
ֻҪٲϹ̭ܽ
ڰӵΪܽһʱȴǺڷϵ󺣣·ǱƵġ
Ǳˡ
ڷԣĹʵ΢ͺ󺣵ϪȻƲκβˡ
һ󣬰ӵɫʱɷס
ĿĮĻع
Ȼ̫ɽľķҲ£ͬȼĶ͵ϮҲͰˣⰫӵʵǲ̫Զ
һĳ
~
ǰӷ·Ǳһ޴ɽײУ̻һѪ̭
ڵһͱ̭ǳ׵̭ûκλᡣ
Χˣæ˺ͷ֮ľ룬Ψַˬ£Ҳһ¡
ǽΪԲǵ֮һ
Ǹ׳գ˭ȥǷʶֻҲԼʵҲǵġ
ָɵ˰Ӻ󣬷̸оһ̫ɽľڡ
վһҡҡͷ
ڣȷʵһЩ仯̫ϸ΢ҲֻܲܵȵǵߵĵطŻס
ģ˸Ūǧʢᣬû˵ֽš
ɱһ˵õһ̫ɽľɱһأѰ˼ţĿ˸ˣһƣһĳѪȴûһ̫ɽľڡ
ÿˣֻӶһݱ˵̫ɽ
ǰȥǰһת۶ȹȻԽϣѹҲԽԽ󣬲Է˵ѹȴǷ紵棬һ㶼ں
һ״·һ޴ϣס˵ȥ·
Է˵ȴûκá
Ϻڵ̫ɽҲͻȻ䷢˱仯ںһת˸Ϊ߼̫ɽ
ܹԭɫ͸̫ɽڽڶں֮ת˵ɫ
ֶĸı䣬ǿ˲١
һЩ޵ӵɫ̫ɽɢݳڷתţ塣
ŷȥ̫ɽʵǵԽߣЩתٶҲǻӿ졣

~
һˣڷ»һѪһݵɫ̫ɽ˷ڣ÷õ˼ǰʸ
7ɽϵһˣȻͨ˳ѡӵؽڼƵӱʵҲݬ룬ܹﵽطˣҲǼϡ١
Ҫǰûаѹ
ȥѡЩǿΪ֣Ͼڻ磬Ҫ֣Ҳں档
콾Ծòʧ
ѵĽӣҲûʱҷ鷳ϾҲߣ׼ȵ˺漸㣬ѵһ
7ɽϣ˵Ľп
ĸǻ޼ˣʵǵ˵Ĳ㣬ԶԶˣȻҲû̫࣬ϾҪߣҪһˡ
ߵ̫죬ûиϵĻ콾Ծͻǰòʧ
ٶȣҲʱҲѾ˵㣬ݵɫ̫ɽںΪһĳɫâɢݳ

ڷˣʵ̫ɽʱ
ʽ硣
߿֮ϣһ޴ƽ̨չˡ
ܿ»һ
Щ϶ɢſֲ׵˵ľʸģ޲Ǿطʡʮطһǿߡ
ֻкһˣǰط
ˣûʸ붫ʽ磬۶ǧʢʢ
ʱǧʢĿʼЩƽ̨ϵҲ׷ͶĿ⣬һɽϵˣǵı֡
עǧʢˣǼ֮ࡣ
Щ֮ǵˣǱעص㣬ǧʢϴŹʵˣĿ⣬ºҲܵڶ
²ǽ֮ǵˣŸԵӵǧʢϱֳɫҲɡ
7ɽǾʮɽУԽϸߵһҲ˲ٵĿ⡣
ǻı֣ǳƽ̨һǣһͷ׵Ц
ĻһλüǵӣҲ΢΢˵ͷǸǻĸףҲʮʮطǿߡ
ǻʵӦò⡣һһ΢Ц
Щ棬Ҳֻ޼ܸǻһ鷳
ɫĿ7ɽϵˡ
ɣǻܳߣʲôγߣһˡ

~
һޣպѪ󣬷˼ջơ
Ǹ޵ʵѾʮֽӽط봿֮ǵ˾൱ԷڵʵҪɱĶ֣Ҳ׾١
Ȼһĳȴ÷оһ˿쳣
ƺǣԤơ
üͷ΢壬ĵرƿ˵һĳȥɶ˺жƫȻղһƳȥɵȴǳԤơ
̫ɽľǣǸı
̫ɽĲ㡣
ݵɫľںϣ˵ɫɢҲ֮ӣıŷ塣
һڵı仯ĿΧ׼ѰֵĿꡣ
ȻΧȴǿһˡ
Ĳˣʶıܿ˷ǻ޼Χû˸ҿΨֱѡΪĿ꣬Ȼ˭֪ҪǱϵĻҪҲӲ
ҺôҶ֪Ҫǰɱһˣ˶Ĭѡ֣ѾõʸˣȥԱøȥ
ʱ򣬸ǻ޼Ҳڵı仯ܵ˺ôȻߵԽԽá
ˡĿһɨܿҵһˡ
һ״󺺣ȴûа
ҾͲţڷң㡣״ЦڷϵҪڷ֮ϡ
һ·ֵļΪǿҲ˿塣
ŭһ״ȳ֣гһľͻȻ䣬ųɹâ
ǿɢݳ״󺺴һ͵ǰһɢɹâľȻͷ䡣
һ֮Χ˶Ȼɫ䡣
طһ㡣
Ȼûطĳ̶ȣȴҲǼΪǿ󣬱ϾڳУطʵ֮١
⾪˵һɫȴûκα仯
΢΢̧״⾪˵һڷϿգһͨ죬Ҳ˿
һƻӷ︡״˹ȥתۼ䣬ͽɣٳ˷ɻҡ
ɫ̫ɽ˷ڣ״󺺣Ҳڵ㣬š
һǳԤ롣
϶ȣˣ̫ɽľıģǺĵر֮ϡһı仯ͻȻһ˹



1289 ĺ
ıĵر֮ϡ
𾪡
޺ĵر֮Խߣͬľ磬ܷӳʵҲԽǿ
;һõӣƽƽĵرȴǿĲ˼飬Ϊͺͳ֮ĸ߶ϡ
ϳ֮ǵõĽУʮǿ켶ĵرȻʹã֮չֳ߳ﾳģȴֻԭ򣬾ĵر֮Ĳϡ
ϳ̶ȣܸı䣬ܣҲ޷ԭϵĵرϵġ
ڣ̫ɽľȴˡ
֮ԷĹǿĳԤƣΪĵر֮Ϸ˱仯Ӧʵ
ֱǡ˼顣૵
ߵĵرԭ޷Ĵڣ޷ı޺ĵر֮ϣͬΪĵرȴʥߵĵرĵرҲһĴڣƫƫ˼飬Ҳǲܡ
ֳ˵ľϲȷʵƵǾϲ
û˻ᷴԣʵ
ĵرϣȫģǽĳЩĵر
ϲ󣬷侲ȴҲǷֶ֣ĸ죬ĵرϣʵϵķȷǳС
֮ܲҪΪƿؼ֮ߣϸ΢仯ܸܵ
ͻȻ֣һӾ̥ǣʵ
ΣʵҲ֮õĺ¡
ţԽߣڵ̫ɽȼԽߵĻĸ̶ҲԽ
ߵĵر񰡡

ʱš
7ɽϣʵǣҲԽԽ١
µʵҲԽԽǿЩʵˣͱ̭
ʵǵ󣬸ǻŲһ٣³һڳ
ԭˣ̫ɽľĵر֮ϡȻ󣬿ڳˣȴ
Ȼ޼һ˼Ҳ׹
˷׷
ɣֻĳ̶ȺܵͣѲֱǻѺʶһ㡣
һ˵Ϣȥ漸Ҳϲɫȿֺ
ĵرϵĳ̶ǺεҪ˶֪ȻҪ߾
ĻʵˣҲϼߵĲΡ
ʵȴЩ˽һˮ
̫ɽıȷʵˣÿһΣĳ̶ҲѸٽͣɱκǽһƵһ㣬Ҳ޿ɱˡ
˵ǼˣڵһҲ롣
ϾԽϣ̫ɽѹԽ
ȵ˵߲㣬ʵطˣ޷ܳܵס̫ɽǿѹоҲ޼¡
˵ŷ֣ǹģˣǰĸǻһۡ
Ҳܿ϶ǲǸǻϵ˵
ڵĲʱ򣬷Ͳ̫ɽá
ȻǰҲпΪһߵĵرȻ֮УԶԶûг͡
߲㡣
ߵģȫطҲƵ콾һڳˣҲֻһٶˡ
һУֻһٶߵһ˶Ѿ̭ߵʮҲе
漸ˣͷ˼ǰУµĹۿ
콾ԾѾ޿ɱˡ
һϢţָ״̬һ޵ĴܣѰһĶ֣ûϣӲӣñ˵
ϣһ·ʵȻÿ˻ٶʵµʵΣҲ˵ס
ӵĿ⣬˷ϣԥ˻ᣬѡ˷
·һٶ棬ûҪô
ȵ˵ڰ˲㣬ٽվ˿еĿꡣ
ǻ޼ˣĿĮҲͬʱ֡
̫ɽ߲㣬ʱսһš
ҲҵһĿ꣬׼֮ʣһߴӰͻȻ䵲סȥ·
Ķ֣ߴɱ⣬и
ǣһ
ڤţĺơߴԱţ˵ּ֮һ䣺ڳѡб̭İףҵĵܵܡ
⻰һʱ׹ҲˣΪʲôĺƶԼǿҵɱ⡣
ڤţĺƣַİ
ϣĺƵȻʮλԶԶ˷
İױ̭ȥѡûͨǵĪĳ裬޷ǧʢᣬĺôҲʧۣ֮һУĺƶԷ֮ǡ
̵ڲŶ֣ѾĺƵļޡ



1290 ڤ֮
ĺĮĿŷ¶ɱ⡣
ֵܶˣĸСͲòΪԸǳĺáĺûмŶ֡
ԵĻ˲ֻֿڤȻǿ󣬵ҪδΪ˽иõǰ;ҵܵȥ½֮ǡ
ǧʢǰĵĸ˵Ҫǧʢ棬һָ¡
ǣȴ̭˳ȥ
仰˵ĺϵɱ۷塣
ڤһоطľްȻԶԶȲϷ׵Ǻ̫칬һȴڲ֮䡣
һĴУĺֵˣȫ׿̳ǿѪ
ڤ˵һ¡
Ҳ֪ǧʢὫһٰ죬Ҳ׼ֻҪȫλ콾ڤ˵ѹ̫ˡ
ǣĺڤŽİǼ½֮ǡ
õѡȻʸ󶥼֮ǣ½֮Ҳǲİ׽ܵ˿ĺƲ
ڤŻ裬ΪֵЯֽǧʢᣬڤŴҫ֪İ׾Ȼѡû
һĪĴ
ҵܱ̭ܵȥˣһҲʧܵζֻҪڣٽһ
˵һ仰ĺֱӳ֡
ǿ糱ˮӿīⷭӿţĺƱγһƵĺڰš
̻·ڰһ֣ܶʱ˹ǺвҽУкŭ𡭡
ĺΪģΧĺڳ˲
ڤ֮š
ĺ۳ڤ֮ţҲڤ
ʱʩչģȻһżΪǿ淨Ϊڤ淨
Ȼ淨мޣֻм淨ܴﵽĲΣڴﵽǾ޽С
ڤ淨ȻЩ淨֮һ
Ȼʱĺʩչȴͳļޣ֮Իĵرڤ淨ԼѪؽŴڤ֮š
ȥɡ
ĺһĺڰŶȻ䷢˴̶죬·ʧ޵űǿţĦŵ淢
·һ˫εĴ֣ݺײڤ֮ϣȻһĽǶȡ
ɲǼ䡣
ĺڰ٣Բڻ˰ҹڤ֮ڣֲϢɢݳǺȻ䱻ǿʮĺ紵·ܽһжڰ֮УȺУҪ˵ر˼
еķȻ׵ģڤ֮ŵĳ
Ȼô׾ͱڤ֮ž˽ȥ˶ʱЦ
ĺƸдϲ
ڻİ׵ķҲӣһȫԸû뵽ЧȻ֮á
˶ΪʧȥȻ£׶༪֮ʱڵĺڰ֮УȻһ⡣
ͬǺڰеһ˿ʱ˲˵ע
Χĺڰôǿ󣬷ˣһⶼΡȻ˵ǰĹȷ·ǵ˻ɽ֮У·̵Ŀ죬̼ͱڻ١
һ⣬Ѹţ˷ӿȥ
Ƿɫ䡣
ֻڰڣȻţ£ҽӿţѸɢֲţ˺ڰڤ֮ôŰҲ޷ҽķΧ
ԽԽֲҽɢݳ
¶ֱţһ̣ǿҵĹâҽӿɳɫתҫ۵ĳס
ɲǼ䣬ֲӿڰ䣬Ƴ˺ڰ´˻
£ҽѸɢţɢֱӵĴ۹â
С
Ȼ䲻⣬ĺƵʵҪ˵ίʵǲ̫ʵ
ĺƵɫʱѿޱȡ
ղ˵ôֻ࣬㣬İ׻ѡûȫҵġĺĿ⣬˵
ʲôֵ뷽ʲôϵȻİվ½֮ǵϣΪУô̭ȥĽͱܡ
ˣİ̭Ļֻ˭ͬ
Ҫ֣͹վɡ
ⷽԶǻĿ΢΢һ
ͽԼս
ûʲô⣬߲ϵһٶʵǳ󣬱ǻеĶ֣ǿﵽطǰȻ˲ͱܡ
޼ҲܿԼս
֮һܣ͵˵㣬ʱûнս࣬棬Էĺ֮սΪĿ


1291 
ʽ硣
ĺƵս˸ǻ˵ע⣬սĸҲһЩ˹
ʮɽϣʱĽȶ޼ûеսʱ˾콾֮䶼ıǰײĺƵսǱȽϺġ
ǣ
ʶĺƵ˺٣Ⲣʲô⡣
ǵĿ7ɽķϣ̾ǶԺ
˭ײѯǧʢеκһա
ʥԣҪһ㣬׾١
ѯĽȴ˶һ
Ȼߵ˵߲㣿˶¶֮ɫԱڵλãίʵ벻
Ƿ
ڤŵҲڿ̨ϣҧгݵĶŷǴˣֵһǧʢϵӰ
еʵǻβвʮļҲĿһۡ
ʵʱ̻ûеǷĺƵսҲһ˵ע⣬ò˶ԷȤ
󲿷ˣڿԼȤ˱֡
7ɽϡ
µҽ쿪ȥâޱȣ˵ĸ½ڽ·Ҫضڻ١
ҽɢ֮Զ󣬾ֹͣɢΧ·εϡ
ĺʩչڤ֮ŵʱҲһγɵĺڰ﷽Բ
̫ɽ΢׹ôһ¡
Ҫ֪ڵĵطߵĵر֮ϣȻ̫ɽûչֳҪԼ˵ȴ׾١
ĺôǲӰ쵽ˣҲ˫ʩչ
Ҳûʲôģ̫ɽԼģǵӰ췶Χڱʵȴ˶½
ȻȥҽȻڷĸ֪ҽȻѸţķΧ·޾ûκޡ
һɽҽڻ
ϵҲѸ۷塣
~
һ䣬ֲУɽը÷ȥƺһС̫㡣
ĺɫ䣬˻ҪסȻһӴƶʱɨĺڵ˳ȥ
ڤ֮ϣУĳһѺۣᴩ֮һĲ֡
һ֮˴һԼЩ⡣
ĺƵʵİ׽ڲ֮䡣
ʱʩչģҲǵնԸİ׵˵̫ɽӰ£ĵرʹʵĺҲһҶڵ߲㣬Ҳ˵̫ɽӰЧһġ
ڣһƵЧȴǳԤϡ
ȶԾİ׵ʱƸ
ѵ˵ɽҵЧãⲢǲܵ顣
ΣҲһߵĵرˣʹǻߵĵر
Ȼһֱûиоʲôͬ˵£ǱĬĸı䣬ڲͬ
˵ûʲôӦϾǰʵȻ޴жϣ̫ɽϵõ˶ٺô
ûоһ仯Ĺûͣ£΢΢һٺ󣬴ǰ׷ĺƣڶƼ䡣
~
ĺƼ׷ɳȥвҪѪڤ֮ϳѺۡ
ơȵ
ĺһ䣬ض·𱻳Ƶģ޿ɱܣ¶֮ɫ
~
ڤ֮ų鿪ֲ£ĺֱӻһѪ˵㡣
ƣͻɱĺƣϵ̫ɽ
߲ϣ⣬ȫ¶ǿҵļɵ֮ɫĿҲ˼־⡣
ʵ¶Žǰʮ
ʲôЦ˶Ŀ˷ĺһսûѷࡣ
̨ϣҲв¶֮ɫ
ԭûж˿÷Ͼ̫ͣսĽȴ˳ԾʮλĺƣǷ֮С
ǿҵķò˿ʼע䣬ǽ֮ǵı
ͬЩˣ֮ǳķѾвٴڿıֺ󣬶˼воšʮĶ
ı֣Դǡ
ǧʢᣬչԼ̨

ı仯۾򺰳Լֵˣһӡ
ţ
ü
Ľ֮ǣ
ͶԺ֪֡
ǻҲЩĿ˹׻Ŀġ
֪㻹еûʹòЩ⣬ҲҲһȤڵڰ˲㡣￴ŷԼ֮⡣
˵꣬ҲȷӦֱߴȥ



1292 ڰ˲
Ľ֮ǵĻս
˵˭Ӯ
󣬵㹻Щͷˣȫ˷ͷϷ
߲̭ͨܵϵڰ˲ģٻʮˡ
ټϱˢˣҲȫû˻ᣬµȥϻٶһЩӽ߰ʮˡ
ȻָĽǵϵڰ˲ʸ
߰ʮ˶ȥڰ˲㣬ϾҪϵڰ˲㣬˻һˣöԷĶɽ⣬Ҫܵסѹ
ϻǻЩ仯ǲΣڼʮˡ
Ȼ٣Щļˣǰʮģ϶˴˴ѡڵڰ˲㶯֡
һս֮ء
ˣһڰˣ̨Ĵ֮һһǸոչֳʵʮ˵ĺƣ˹Ŀ࿴ĺ
֮ĶԾҪעĿܡ
ͷϷˣڰ˲ϣͷĶԾģû֮һ˷ֵ˵
˵˭Ӯһ㣿
⻹õ˵϶ǻһ֮ǵĲߺԥ˵Ľ֮ǣ󶥼֮֮һӮĺΣĺƲʮˣͻͲһȼġ
Ҫĺƣòơ
ĺƺ󣬷ڵǶʮͷʮͻԶˣǰʮһǾ콾ʵһء
˵硡
˶û㷽ոջĺƣҲá
Ͼ˫Ľ֮ǣҲԶһڤܱȵġ

̨ϡ
ע7ɽˣҲ˼Ȥ
Ľ֮ǵˣҲڿ̨ϡ
ϳ֮ǵȣĽ֮ǵĵλƬ̨ϣȻԼλ
ս𣿡һԼλϣ°͡
Ŀ÷͵콾ԾºǽʹĽ֮ǵľʡ
ô룬һֵùעԣһλµĸЦ
ǧʢУĽ֮Ҳкüˣÿ˶㵽ֵӵĿ꣬͵Ҳһ
Ľ֮ߣע7ɽ˲࣬һλ˵ĸһ
˵ЩԥⷽսʤͣȻһǰڵͺһǰͲͬնˣʵͲȥӦкܴʤ㡣
ŶСӰ¸룬ƺеӡ󣺡һ½֮ˣδʲôɾδ֪֮ҽϣҲԱȲлѪˣڵӦͲͶ˰ɡ
ҿӦʤ
ʵ˵ͷежҲˣҲڱܾѡ͵ԭ˵͵ԭ򲢲Ǳģô롣
ھܾȻЩˬػûʵĳ̶ȣǵҲˡ
ǿͽǰ;Ϊһʱʤ޹ؽҪŻô

֪һеƣ
΢΢һЦҲе֡
ĺʱͺͻվһģ˵е㽻顣
ô٣ﻹһŵƣطһ淨ǿ϶֪ġ
֪˻ôǿģԼս˵ʵԶĺƣԶһǰ͡
ڷڰˣȻҲв֮
ս÷仯û˾ȵĿ⣬ԹԵǰȥ
еƣ
˻ĻǻҲͰˣЩʵĺ֮ϣҲѹƷˣȴһҲĸ
7ɽÿһ㣬֮ߡ
ԽߣѹԽͬʱǽ̫ɽתٶҲԽԽ죬ЧԽԽá
У߲ѹ˵·紵棬ɾԽһף˵ڰ˲㡣
˾ûôˡ
սʤһֵʮˣߵʱ򣬴Լ߰˵ɫļΪѿսʤ˶֣õ˽ڰ˲ʸȻ߲Ӵѹȴĵˡ
ѵƶŽŲ·ǹˮ㣬һŲš
ˣҲûȫϵڰ˲㣬εڵ߲㣬ֹڴˡ
һʼ̭ļʮˣڸսʤһֺ»ص˵߲㣬һ󣬶ǧĵ˵ڰ˲㡣
ЩˣǱ̭ģ˵ǵʵҲôܵǵڰ˲ģҲֻʮһˣڵڰ˲ϵˣﵽʮ֮
ĺƾеһϵõڰ˲ĵһ£뷽ԽԶԽá
Թ˿ͷ˽˴˼ľ޴ĺƴȥǷˡ



1293 ս
ĺƵСû⣬Ҳûаɶ֡
ĺƵʵûʸΪ֡
Ȼڵ߲ѵҲȥ鷳ΣڷϣĺƵĴҲ൱֮
Ȼ̫ɽıĺȻɱˣһ㣬ٴδı־ܿǰϹǿĶ֣ʹ̫ɽϵո߶ȣԶԤڡ
ԭ˵ھŲ㣬õΪ߼̫ɽԼĺô
Ҳֹڰ˲ˡ
ңһεĺƣҲ˲еӣ˵ȻǸӵĲ
ΪԭЩϣǰʮ콾žǰͷͻ
漸㣬һεĴۣôأԽϣ۾ͻԽҲԽأǧʢı򡣡૵
ĻҪǴϺüܾʵϣ󣬻һսܶʤ
ճﲻӦңžԵİɣžĲλЦ
ڰ˲ڣ˶ûæŶ֡
ӵ߲㵽ڰ˲㣬ѹһı仯˶ҪһʱӦսʱٻʧء
Ƭ̺
ӦѹѡԼĿ
ĺƾԼȻεķ֣ˣȻкüˣĿ꣬б֮ûڷϣԲΪеӡ
Ųӣ׼ƴһսʱһӰԽڶߵǰ
ǻ𡣡
ĺƵĶʱһƬ
ˣôһϣĻϸǻ𣬾ûκνˡ
޼ϵ˸˶֡
ò˶ãڰ˲Ͼֻʣʮˣ֮Բʮ壬ΪĿսûпʼ
ﱧ˫ۣɡ
˶սĿ׷϶ʱ¶ЦݣϲĿĸоԲŽս档
ٺ٣ֵˣϵķϣһһӡ￴ŷЦ˵
һɫΣӻɢݳǿɨȫò˶Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
۾򻪷
ҪΪͱ𣬾ɡһƬڵҽ£뻪⡣
ŶµˡЩ⣬û뵽Լûô˵ȥЩˬ
㻹еӵûԩ޳֮Ի㣬ΪҵͣǺǣΪսʤΪ;һֱ°ܽˡ
½֮ˣԶ֪Ѫǿڵ㣬Ͳ͵Ķˣֱֻϧûֵܺһ飬ʱ޷ԸȻѣΪѷǣȻҪúýѵһΣ֪ʤĹһʱʤһ
һȻ˵Լ˵ľҲʵ뷨
֪Ϊʲôһڵڰ˲սΪı£ھŲ㶼ϲȥҾʧȥѵĻˣϧ
ΪһĺƣΪԼǿˣ㻹ĺԶ
һ˵ô࣬ʱе泩ࡣ
˵ˣҵ°ܽҲһ
ôĿﲻŭЦʵûô˵
~
䣬ֺ޴ĽɫԣӻϷӿγһ޴ޱȵĹֱ
һξԴӹкͬĽɫٲ
Щɫٲڰз˾˵ı仯۳˸ָĽɫޣоʨ
ЩɫޣȫƵģһŭ׺ޱȵ
ţЩɫޣȻطʵΧ˸оӽɫɢĿֲϢɷ׷ɫ䡣
̾ʶЩɫޣȻȫط
ò˵ɫʱס
̼䣬ʮϰٵĽɫɱ˷˺˵һĻڳûжܹ
Ľ֮ǵľ콾ڰˣĺǿ̫ˡ
ⷽôӦ
⺧˵Ĺɫȴûжٱ仯ҽɫתۼɳת˳ףǿҵĹâɢͬʱ¶Ҳֱ
£ҽҷӿһ׵Ļ˳һɽ
ɫ޴ҽķΧʱǵӣٶȽͣһ˳𣬲Щɫޣֲ͸ȥЩɫޣҲȼ˻棬һڻ١
һɽ𣬵ס˽ɫ޵ȥ·мֻɫ޶ܲݺײȥʱǣɽҲײľһζһ޴Ѻۡ
~
ʱʱģлɽɫͬھЩӿĽɫޣҪôǱڻ٣ҪôײڻɽϷǣȻûһֻܹ嵽ǰ



1294 ޻
ڵĽɫޣһɽͬھ
ͻ֮䣬ֲйţ̫ɽ7ɽᱻ˵籩ڡ
ּƴɱĳ棬˶Ķҡ
ǿǿ˶ǿ
̫ˣĿǰΪֹʵһս
7ɽϣ˫۾ŷͻˣĿѣԡ
ˣڶûóı죬ʹﵽ˳̶ȣǲ˼顣
˶ڴ
˭ĳͻﻹûжģȻǳԺ䣬˵׳ۣ֪ҪȫԸǺεȵǿ
е㱾¡ɫУﵭڣԵʮɣȻĿǰʩΪԶûеļޡ
һת
ҪңĺԶ
óĵưɣҿ淨ܲ˵ҡһ־Ӹµ˵
ƽ⻰ڱ˶Уȴ˾κˡ
淨
ⷽȻѧ淨ļٵģ
˴󻩣ǻҲɫ΢䣬Ϣ̫ˡ
ЦɣǻüҿҲһЩƤëֻһĲ淨淨Ҫţʵ̫ˡ
ԸǻĳҪӴ淨Ȼʲô£Ҳ淨ҪţǺεȵļѡ
ǿ
̫ʽĿ̨ϣҲ¶˾ݣ漴˫ĿŹ⡣
淨츳ɸֵ
Ҫ淨Ϳûˡ
û£ԣЦǵסĳ֣β;ΪԼǿЦˣղţǸոˡ
ˣ
䣬ǰȥǳľ޴Ȼ鿪Ծڡ
ţҫ۵ĽɫâӻڻɢݳûмԶȴ̺˼Ϊǿ
ŻһڵĹâԽԽʢͬƾսٵ̫ɹâסȫľǣҫޱȵĹâУһɱŰײ֮Ϣɢ˳
裬ڰ˲ϵˣǸоһɺ⣬ʵһЩˣǲĺһݡ
ǡڣƺžޡ׵üͷ
ڲѾʧȥ壬ֻһԽԽʢĽɫԣʲôҪƹ
ҲЩأʵԶһǰͣҲǲòء
ɣԶŻԳ
ﻺ˵
~
Ȼģ·Ӱâ֮Уһ̣޾Ĺԣӻγɵľ޴ԴȻǰ۳һֻ޴ޱȵԳͬʱޱȵϢɨȫ
˵Ŀ⣬ֻ۳Գϡ
ĸͷ޴ޱȣ֮ߣȼſֲĻ棬һĹǴԳȥޱȵ塣
ֱֻԶŻԳ˸оһ
~
ֺԶŻԳس𣬶ʱƱɫֲγһɨ˷µҽһˣһɽԶŻԳ˻оš
ȻһֻȻƣԶԶ֮ǰİ
أȵ
ǻ˵ﻯֻԶŻԳ
ԶŻԳȻǴ˵Ҳڴ˵֮£ЩԶŻԳǳҲڻ¡૵ǿҵļɵ֮ɫ
ԭԻԼ֮ϻЩΪԷռĽ֮ǵͷȻʱȴʵ顣
˿̻ģȻԶŻԳԶŻԳҲʮط۵ʵҪǱĻǺɨȫû֮ƥС
ԶŻԳһ൱Ƿ
ȷʵǷʵҲطӽطԶǻ𵭵ļʶȻϵܱȵġ
淨޻޼Դ
˶ʱ󺧡
û뵽ûмʶ淨淨ȳˡ
֣ûң޻ĿɲԶŻԳһ飬Ǵ˵ǻΪԶŻԳǴ˵˵淨ûţյ˵ԶŻԳҲǿȥ޼ü
ŶûУһֵ淨ǿҲǿȥǰԶŻԳȴǿѰ
Ѫǻ侲֮ǰ۳޵ʱҾˣڻܿ϶ѪӦһѪ޻Ѫ
ֻѪΪ޻ҲΪԻ޻ˮƽǿ˵ز
޻Ѫ
ݺ£Ѫǿ֮
֪͵սҲʹеҲһѪѪ
ͣĽ淨÷оʤڵĻͬѪ淨ȫ泬Խһǰ͡
Ķ֣֪εֵ



1295 ֻ
ϵ뷨Ҳ롣
ȻڳУǵڰ˲콾Է˽ĸǼ٣ԶϣʱҲⲻ÷
淨Ѫһܹ뻪ȵģҲǷëǣһˡ
ʤѶǻ𵭵
˷׷׵ͷȴ˼ԼĻֵָ
䶨ˡԶŻԳֹͣɽͷ­ʹԵĻ
ǻ
˵꣬ԶŻԳȻſһɲǼ䣬ɽӣµҽֱӷͶԶŻԳУһɽȻ
ԶŻԳȼŵĻ棬Ҳ˺ҽ󣬱ĸΪ׳
Ȼ̾ҽڷɣȻԶŻԳľУȴѸʧ
״˶ʱ˾
̨ϣĽ֮ǵľ΢΢ͷ¶֮ɫ
ѡ񣬷ﻯԶŻԳǷĿǡ΢Ц
ĺﻯΪԶ飬²ԶŻԳԷʱ򣬾ͲѹԵˡ
Ҳⷽùǡ˷ԣ¸ЦԻʵڶҲֻܻԶ飬ԶŻԳ֮һ˵Ŀǡ
ⷽȻʩչ˳߳εﾳ磬ҪΪĵرʮϣǱĵرһˣʵ̻
ʵ˵ͷ
ﾳ磬켶ĵرеģܽһ켶ĵؼĵرʩչ̶ֳȣȻΪΪϵԵʣѪ
һƣ̾ͻᱻԭΡ

һԶŻԳвݻ֮ܣɣǰֶβһԶŻԳЦ
ˣ䶨ˣƵġ
ʧȥֿµĻ棬ֵһᡣ
û˿÷ԶŻԳʵۣһı£÷Ʋ˿ˡ
Ŀƽ£ҽȥ
ûͽ͵ĳԡ
ǳۻȷʵǱƵʩչط󣬼ﾳ磬ǳҲԶԶŻԳ˺
ڻﻯԶŻԳǰȻۿۡ
淨ȻͬСɡǻ˵Ļ
Щ˵ͼȻûôãĿ޷Ϊ÷ͻƴһŻһԵ͸÷³Կ
Ľ֮ǣѧ淨
ңѪֲ淨ϵĲ㣬ʵǿĲ˼飬Ľ֮ҲŽǰ֮
ϾѪɲǴ·ܽ淨Сˡ
Ǻǣ㽫޻һԲŵľ磬Ǵ˵ܸҴһЩв
ڽƾһֻĻԳҲſ񡣡
Ц
һŹâڷֳܸγһصķ
淨ط
淨Ȼˡǻˣڿµķʱ̲סͷ
淨Ȼ޻ǿ࣬ǷȱģҲͽǴʯˡ
ǴʯĴ񣬲Ӱطܡ
ĿУ̯ƣطľŹâУеһԶɵ˷ġ
âȥֳһŻɫĻڷƽȼš
ԶԶǳۻĿֲŻɫɢݳ
ΧһУŻɫ˲䣬ʼ·˴
Żɫ棬ûд¶ȵûи˰յĸоȴѵԴȪһ֣˿µֻ
ĿŻɫ档
ѹ׵ĵر֮һֻ
һеܣȻΪڷУչֳ˳߳εﾳ硣
ųôԣܲŻ档
ط󣬷
ȼŵĻɫ棬Ȼת˺ɫΧٶ̼ӿ죬ؽޱȹ̵Ŀռ䣬ζ·Ҫ
̧𣬰ԶŻԳ
ڸߴ׵ԶŻԳǰɣȻһưƻʵ죬ȴǳأûﻯԶŻԳ˱޿ɱܣ޿ɶĸо
㣬ΪʲôҪ㡣
ԶŻԳŻ棬Ҳ⡣
ִĵӿľоûﷴӦŭѣŭУȻͬʱɽĻ̌𣬺ݺݲ˷
׼˷ĻٽһŲ
ԡںɫ֮УԶŻԳɫǿٷſ޿ڣͶȥ
ڻ̧ţҪ֮ʱĶȻֹ
·Ǳʩʱ侲ֹ㣬ԶŻԳŽ̤ͣ
˶ãȻ֮ʱ
ͻȻ
׵ģԶŻԳӴȻ鿪ҳ
¶ϻŵɫţҲԶŻԳĺ󳾣촷ۡ



1296 
7ɽ߲㡣
ͻȻ֣·ƾ۳һ㣬ŵɫеģãȻ⡣
~
ȻûŪô£ڷµĶȻֳȻһģſһѪɫҲ˲Ĳ԰ֽȻ˲ơ
ôܡ
ʱ򣬵ڰ˲ϵĸǻ˲ŷӦĿŻﻯԶŻԳ顣
뻪콾ԾȻֳʤ
ȻӮˣ˼顣
óŻ棬ʲô𣿾Ȼ˿£ԶŻԳܲס
Ǹǻ˾ɲԽһ7ɽϵ˸Ǵ󻩣û뵽ƾȻôԤϵı仯
ô£ﲻռϷ𣿷׿ƣôͻȻ䷭ˣ
֮࣬Ŀ⣬Ҳǳ˾塣
ܻڰ˵Ļʵָǿ̶ֳȣ
ƥڲճȻĽ֮ǵ˶ˣڵƷչȥƺҪһڵˡ
̨ϡ
ԶŻԳΪ촷۵һ̣йע7ɽˣȫǺȻɫ䡣
Ľ֮ߣʵȭͷ͵߬ͻվо𾪡
ˡ
þʺԵĺ¸ԽܣҪ֪Ľ֮ǰľ콾Ҳ̨ܹĴţû뵽Ȼꪡ
룬ɱĻ棿Īǲֻ𣿡ǿ»棬¸
ǡһȥ
ļʶҲ˳еĺɫ棬ǲֻ
Ȼġ¸˾κˡ
ֻǳľˡ
ǧǰؽͻȻѣ̫ؾմ˵ؽĲ񷣬ڵؽ֮ڡ
ԶԶؽƿһ޴ޱȵĿ·㸲µĻպʹأͬĩգֽٵؽ硣
󣬻ʥ֣Žⳡ֣־ʮϢõؽջָ
Ϊ񷣬ޱѵԵʣΪֻ
ǷԶŻԳΪҽĿ»档
Ŀ֮Ƹ£ǷһеĿֲԣ֮ɫ䡣
˵µĻУֻ˵һ
¸Ȼûоֶ֣ǵؽĿռǺε֮ȹ̶ֳ̣ȣֻĿ³̶ȡ
ôܻвֻ𣿡¸ŵ˵
ֶԵؽ˵һشȻҲһº˲ĵرԴǲֻ𡣡һ˵
ЩĵرҲӵмٵˣܳȵĶǼ٣˵Ƕǲֻ֮ԶԶ
ϳ֮ǣĵرӦǷͺϳ֮ǵĽ䵽˷ʿЦ
֪ĵرҲһ켶ĵرˣǿҲ
ڷȴǻǰδеĶĿʡ
߳εﾳ磬󷨣Ȼ֮ƱԴԭ˲ֻ
Ȼźɫ棬͵ɵؽֵȣ֮𣬵ǻﻯԶŻԳҲһССԶԶܺԶŻԳȣڲֻǰȻǲһ
ҪԶŻԳҪ޻ߵĲΣԶǻδŵ޻ܰ쵽
̫ˡ¸ʵѾﵽ˰طĵز
۹⣬ȻܸоƿزֻķǺεȿ¡
ﻯԶŻԳǽӽطˣһƽ֮촷ۣȻѾ˰طĲΡ
ⷽһСʵ˵ͷӿһ˿⡣
֮ǿΪֻ𣬻иҪԭǾľ˿ڼ̳лѪĻ
ҲǲòԼۡ
˵ʵһǰԷίʵ㲻̫ӣܾ֮ת뿪ûٶȳԣԭ򣬻ǲ÷δΪǿһʱȴǿһ
ںҲãǧʢѾĻĽ֮뷽

~
µطѸȥֻҲ
ȻԲֻΪȻʵϣԪĺɫĲֻԭĻɫ棬֮ˣȻҲǿޱȣĲֻûñȡ
ΧһۣŲ΢ߴ߳
һڰ˲ϵսȫֳʤǻҲǷӦеľѹȥʼʵǡ
ڵڰ˲ϣ̫ɽת˵ɫԵޱ
ӵһɫ͸ÿһ㣬̫ɽͻһɫҲǲϱ仯ţպȻϵ˳ǵڰ˲㣬ǵɫ
֪˵ھŲ㣬̫ɽֻᷢı仯Ѱ˼ţ²ͣ
˵սڵڰ˲ڴھŲ㻹֮ң
ڿʼʵǣܿ죬͸оԵĲͬ
һܵѹԶԶǰ߲㡣
ڷУ̫ɽкµ·ǻʵʣϣֻҪǰͱܡ
һǧΪޣÿԽһǧףѹͶȻ䱩һΣԽϣԽǽڽ
ôǵڰ˲ˣΪʲôѹ˿ֲһ콾ţӴѹ£оÿһֶľѹÿǰһҪĪĴۺ
ѸʧǰҲĻ
ڣλ콾˼ޣζһģƽɽȻˤɽϡ
̫ͣɽѹ̱Ļûַ·ֹӵĸоȴҲ޷ǰ
ڵڰ˲ǧ״һλ콾Ȼֹֻߵ
ƺǿһͷ
ԽԽͣﵽļޣ޷ǰһֻڣͣˡ
ڵڰ˲ʮˣʵʮȺӣҲǲ˿⣬ĵǿѹ࿹⡣
㣬һߡ
ϣԡһɫ棬Ƕ˲ֻȻѾʹˣҲûٲҴţȻʱĻɫǲֻ֮ȴҲųĿܣԶǳۻ
ԴԴкѹڳ嵽ʱʱɫ顢ΪΣ˿Ӱ첻Ĳ
ѹֻ˵ҿ߲ھŲ㡣˼
ǰϷΪķ˵ھŲ㣬ǰս
ڿ̫ɽӦһ˽⣬ԲŻɴ˶ԡ
Ȼô˵ΪС˷
ڰ˲ѹǿĳƺǴһ㿪ʼ̫ɽǿ֮չ˳
Ҳһˮ룬콾һ콾ֿ
ķλǻ޼ȫչͨԽԽǿİѹߡ
ʱʱģ˵ӡ
գԽ˵ڰ˲֮ңϵھŲˣֻʣʮˡ



1297 ھŲ
վڵھŲڣȺۡ
7ɽһٶˣߵģֻʮ
ÿһڴѹǺܴȻڵھŲ㣬ѹҪǿڵڰ˲ڣǺͷһ·ʵʱܵѹȣȴ֮
ʮ㿴ңҿ㣬ûæڶ֡
ӦŵھŲѹ˳ҲȵȣûϾڵʮ˲÷䣬գӶӹһս
˭ϣȥһսĻ״̬ãҲϣʵ߷壬Ըõγߡ
Ŀ
ڰ˲ϣż˼ʵţȻڡ
Ȼ˷ﱾʵȴǲСڰʵ飬Ǳͻ߲㣬Ȼٶɱ
ڰ˲㱻̭Щˣ˻⣬˶ûʲôϣ
˵ĿҲϣܲϵڰ˲㣬ʮĵʹա
ȻľʹֹĿ̨̤ãȻ;ɥлعɱ˵ڰ˲㣬Ȼʵǡ
һǧף
ǧף
ǧף

ٶԽԽǹǦޱȣǧ׺ٶԵķ
ǲˡϵ
ԣ˵˵ͷ˭ܿʱġ
ԭԻʵҪϵھŲ㲢ѣȻûϵȴ޿ɱ⣬ʵԭôѵʵ֮;ޱȼѡ
ģôͣҪ̨̤ŭţȻ仯һԶ飬
Ȼ֮ԶʵҲǴȽ͡
ƴȫǿϳǧףİѹ£ﻯԶ鱻׺飬Ҳֹڴˣûǰ
û뵽ﾹȻϲ˵ھŲ㡣ǻɫŹ֡
Իʵû˻뵽Ȼϲ˵ھŲ㣬ʮ֮⡣
ҲŹֵĿ˷һۡ
³Ƿһɵģ˵ǲϵھŲ㣬֪ǲϵھŲȴ
Ҳֲͷϣǻ̫ߣΪͱҪѵĻҲڻ塣
̭
ڻлţ
ûУгߵϣҧĿĶŵھŲʮˡ
ȻڵʮģܳߣҲյ
ֻҪʮˣ༸ɱ̭ڰ˲㣬ȻܸصˣٶĻᳬ
Ҫ֪ڰˣߡ
ҶһΣ˵ĻоԵţȻܹߡ
ĶŷԷʹޣ˵ĻٺòĽ֡

ȷϣﲻϵھŲĿնУεҽš
˶ѰԼĶ֡
ϵھŲ㣬޲Ǿ콾ûһߡ

һͻȻԽڶ
λǶǾ콾ʵͬСɣСܾͲˣԸ˳΢΢һЦ˵
˵꣬Ҳ˷ӦֱӺһ˵ھŲϣص˵ڰ˲㡣
Ŀ΢һۡ
ǵãǻĵӣڷʮ塣
һʮط۵ĶȲʥͶ֮ǣҲʮֲԶʮȴ˵ھŲ㣬˵ʵʵŽǰʮ塣
һƥȻͷһȣʲôˡ
ϵھŲ㣬¶ʽľʮɽϣǶһݵġ
ڷӵѡʮǵġ
ܴҲɵϣ³˶Ϊ䣬һٲ
ӲҪڵھŲĻ»ᱻΪӣǻѡΪ֣ɱصڰ˲㣬ܵƱȻȻﻹأʵ绪˺󶼵ǲϵھŲ㣬˵ˡ
ںһѡȴһա
٣Ȼǰʮл֮ϣֻҪǰƴһлߡ
ȻĻ
ܳΪ콾ģûһǴһѣ
Ҳ˳
ҵ΢ʵͲˡ
Ͼкü˽˳˵ھŲ㣬Ψֶˣǻ˲ס˲á
ߣһȺ޵ࡣǻ
ǧʢĹ̫ɽֻܽˣǱ˻ɱǿһ㣬һ̫ɽϺˣʹ
Щ˳˵ھŲ㣬ҲûкڵأٽھŲ㡣
ȵ䶨ǰˣʮôӵ֮ͻжԾǿߣʮ
˵ȴõѡ񡣡޼΢΢һЦֻҪ߼ɣ̲Ҫܱǻɱ̭ĺá
½˳˺󣬻ڵھŲģֻ°ˡ
Ȼڰ֮УЩȵǣ׵ϾȻҲûߡ
ϣʮʮʵڵײ㣬Ȼ˶ˣȴһ
˷⣬ȫǰľ콾Ҳ֤˷ȷԡ
Ƕ𣿡ǻȻһЦ͸֮ɫĿڷϣĻͣɱ˻ҲøǻЩɵĿϡ
ڸǻ׼֮ʣȴǲŲæ˵ΪбҪ֣
ʲô˼ǻһ
ǧʢĹǻɱ֣ȡ̫ɽΪǵϸһ㣬˶ѡϵ
ʴһ䣬аյϵʮ𣿡
⻰һжʱ
ϣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
һﾪˡ
Ȼһ·ӵһڣ˶ЩϰˣΪÿһڣҪȴһõһ
ʵϣȴˡ
ǰ߲㻹˵ǵڰ˲ѹ֮£˶ᣬǿǻ𣬵ϵھŲҲס
ھŲѹڰ˲㣬ȻǸһ¥
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ǻҲͣ
һ²һ£ûߣ£»һЩˣӰ쵽ʵǵĽ﷭ɱĻǵòʧпܻᱻ̭
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΢΢һЦ
֪Ȼʱ֣ԼǷǳģһ˷֣ܹϵʮ㣬ս̾ͻᱬϾԽϵõĺôԽû˻ѡ
սǺͣͿھŲѹǿ

ﱻ̭ˡ
̨ϣ̲סҡͷ̾ϢڻвĸоٻһЩϣȴ
Ľ֮ǣǰľ콾ǵһҲΨһһ̭ˡ
˭֪ߵغ񣬷Ҫȥս¸
ûսվڵھŲϵģеһ
7ɽϷ飬ɽϣͬڷš
˴˵Ľȶ޼󲿷ֵɽϣѾ˵ھŲ㣬ڸܹڰ˲ѹĿº󣬺ܶ˶ѡ˰֡
~
ǰ̤һһ𣬸оӴޱȵѹȻϣ˵ڰ˲㡣
⻹һǧڡ
˶΢ݣ˿⡣
ǻʵ޿ƥУһȵǰ棬һǹ⣬ϵĸ𣬿Ҳһѹײš
ߵһ׵λá
ͻȻһɳޱȵȻڸǻ棬γһ޴ɽͣȻǻѹ
ʲô˶Ǵʧɫ
Ŀ⣬ȫۼɽ档
ѹǿһּ£Ȼ۳ʵγɽ͡
ڰ˲ѹ͸һͬʵʵĸоˣû뵽ھŲѹһ۳ʵ塣
~
ɽȻѹ¡
ơǻŭһϵǹʢȻ𣬺ɽͺݺײһ
ҵĺУɽͱǻƬҲɫ΢䣬Ľӡ
һ·ǻշģס
ɴ˿ɼɽʹǻѹ
ж΢о˵ھŲĿ£ҪʵǵѶ֮ȫǳ
ʱ˶Щûæڶ֡
ڲǵھŲտʼˣѹͿµ̶ֳȣ֪ѹǺεȾˣҪϵʮ㣬Ҳһϣ˵΢΢



1298
ھŲ㣬Ȼ˹¡
7ɽϣĿȫǰİˡ
ǻ˵飬ȫٲɣһĻǰ
棬ǰģһĸǻ޼˷ֱеһڶ˴˼ҲڰнϾ
˵ϵʮϣãʲôγߣȴǳ֮ء
ٶȲ죬ǰȥ
ϸڵı仯
ϵھŲڵ̫ɽǷ˼ı仯ԭĵɫתɫʺ磬Ȼϣ߲âתֹ
ĸоص߲ʾɢݳڿתţ巢ϸ΢ı仯
ÿǰһĵر֮Ͼǿһ㡣
ֱ仯ָоڵھŲԵøԺֻܣÿʱÿ̶š
ȻҲĸ֪÷һЩ쳣
ֻǷǿĵر֮һ
̫ٻ𣬻ǳۻڷﶼף˵˷ͻϵĵر֮ϣҲΪˣһʼʱ򣬾òֻչֳﾳܡ
Ǳĵرܻ޷쳣Ǵʱʹõǲֻȴ÷ĸӦ
ԭˣĵر֮һּ󡭡˼
ϸ˵Ҳ˵Ǽĵرǲʵûɣǽ̫ɽĻϡ
һʧȥ̫ɽǾ̻ᱻԭΡ
ӦòǴԭΡڵı仯ڵĸıʵţȴϸ΢޷ʧȥ̫ɽϻ½᳹ʧ
̫ɽȷʵڸıǵ壬ЧԶԶϴʱֳôˡ

ھŲˡ
̫ʽ翴̨ϣֳ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʮɽϣѾʵǵ˵ھŲ㣬ĻҲʵǵһ㡣
ʮ㣬˵
Ϊһϵʮ㣬ͻӴ̫ɽҪ֮⣬Ҫطʵʵ⻹̫ɽûпԵԵʣߵĵر֮˵Ǿطʣʮط۶Ҫˣǻҷ
ڳУȻ˵ʵܴﵽ̶ֳȡ
ܵõٺôҪԼ컯ˡֳϵ
̫ɽ˾ͻᱻԭΡ
ĵر飬ȴޱĹ屦ҸıȷʵţڣԶûô԰ˡ
̫ɽʵǵԽߣıЧԽãӹɵġ
Ϊһˣֳ֮Աǡ
ĵر֮ϣǺε죬̥ݶӲ㣬Ҳ첻
򵥵ߵĵرһأ̥ǣ뷨ɺ档
ߵĵرĵرȻһ㣬Ҳ¡
ֳϿʵ̫ɽĺôͳȥˣܷ£¶٣ҪԼı¡

̧ۣ۸ǻˡ
һûз̫ɽܣ÷ӿ϶ԼĲ²⡣
ҲͰˣǻ޼ȴʥߵĵر̥ǵˣǴǵıֿȴˡ
ҲоڵھŲϣ̫ɽЧȴǰδеĺãԶԶǰ˲㡣
ߵľԶܵõĺô
ͨ㣬ӼᶨȲǰ߳
ڣߵһ״
~
ѹ۳һ޴ɽͣŷݺѹɫӭȥ
һɫ棬ϡ
ƺɽͻûײΧһоͿʼ˱ɽҲ⣬·Ѹٷţ·Ǿǧķ绯
ţ߾ͺݺײһ
~
ɽͳ׷鿪΢΢һΣܿס
ɽ͵Բطһ
༸ˣҲֱɽͣûʧ֡
ʱĸǻ޼Ѿ״һ޴ɽϿճ͡
ڶɽͱһɽΰࡣ
ǻ޼ǻֵģԵһɽ͵ʱ򣬻ҪһЩ
ȻⲢ˵ڶɽ͵ˣǸǻٲ˿ĵȻȫԸŻֵĸΪɡ
~
ڶɽͣڷ£촷ۡ
ţ̧Ŀܡ
ĵرϣʹòֻԽԽǿȻÿһɽͶԽԽֲǵʵӦ£ӦȴҲ¡
˻ƽš
ÿǰһףѹͻγһ޴ɽͣ˽п飬סˣֻܾʹֹ
ԽϣγɵɽҲԽԽΡ룬Ȱߵǧ֮Զʱһ޴ޱȵľ޴ɽʹѹˡ



1299 
ӽط
оɽϴĿֲϢ˶Ƿ׷ɫ䡣
̶ֳȵĹûһɽȫԸⲻ˻ˡ
û˸ҵȫó˻ɽ͡
~
޴ĺУһɽͱ鿪ǻ˺ĺ飬ȻǸеԾǣԼȴûܵķ𣬷·ⲻǽӽطĹֽϻһ㡣
Ǻɽ͵ģԼϡ
ô£ҵȻһôࡣ
ŵĿֲԶԶǵıˮƽ˶Щʴӡ
ܿ죬Ǿô¡
˵ڣǷ̫ɽͻȻɢĿ߲ʹâͬһȼ̫ɽȼգĸıҲԷ˼ٶš
ĵر֮ϣţһǿĲ˼飬ƽȫһҪǿ
˼飬ڵھŲĺô̫ˡ
Ҵûио˺ù
ǻ˾ʵԭʹòһֲ²ĸоѪţ̤ǰȥ
ھŲı仯ʵ̫ˣǰ漸ʱ̫ɽĸı仹΢΢Բڵڰ˲ʱһˮ룬̫ɽչ˳ڿķΧڣʱսҪԼ
Ȼ˵ھŲȴŵı仯־˵ȫͬǾһ㡣
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ίʵ𾪣ܿ˼뵽ô£ǻǵʵǣڵ˵ھŲԺȻ͵ھŲѲ˹ϵ
ͨһ˳Ļӵ˲ɺĪ
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ȷʵǲʵ̫ɽȼա
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ʹãʵȻҲڷɿţķȣȴȲϸǻˡ
ֱ仯Ҳ˵Ǻǻܿ϶ǻ˵ڣûѰı仯
ǰܿͺ˲ࡣ
ʱ˶ǻ˵ıָȫע⣬ڵھŲңȴûʲô⵽
ǧ֮ÿףѹͻٴγѹˡ
ǰһǧڣһɽͣǧڣǱһƵɽ壬ܱɽ֪ǿ˶٣Ȼﵽ˰طĵز
ĿֲκһֹȻڱǵʵ£ȴûиǻ˴в
ǧڣ۵ĸͦɽǧڣ
֮ͨǵĳҲ߲ǧףǸǻˣȴֱӿǧ֮ڡ
ڣҲԽԽ࣬ʹ˵ľ룬һ
ȴǲϲЩȻڷڣγһõǳɫӣ÷һϤĸо
Ǹ֦ͻȻһ˹
Ǹڵ򸽽ؾڣҵ֦Ѿڲ˴׳ɳţ
ƾŷͲ˴֮ϵǴһ˿뷽ڣ̫ɽ
ᴫ⣬ϾҲߵĵر̫ɽһģԶδͣ÷еģǸ֦
ʲôߵĵرܽҷܸоУ˸á
Ǿ̫ңԶ϶ȥ˴ڣ׷˺־˵ı仯
ҡҡͷջ˼
ڵǳɫӣûȫͣһֱһͣԼ̫ɽϵõĺô»ᳬ
ǧڣ޴ɽۣŷȻѹ¡
ȴûжٱ仯Ʒ𣬻ɫ𣬽ɽڣ̼䣬ͳ׷ҳ
±һʵڿţӦѹ
ǰٶȲ죬Ȼͬڸǻ˵궯ȴһȴظо



1300 âٲ
ھŲ㣬ǧס
ǧ׾룬ڵھŲǰһѹ˱仯
ǻһȣǰ棬̤ǧ׷Χ
ΧĻһ̷̣췭ظı仯
ңԶɽϣкµ޾Ȼʵʣγһ޴ޱȵĹâٲƺƵÿһ䣬еĸǻ𲻿ɱģâٲ롣
ʲôâγɵٲ
7ɽϣпһĻȫɫ䣬ǸԶԶģǶܸоڹâٲӿŵǿԶǰ˲㣬͵ھŲǰǧףҲһȼġ
ǿİطˣҲ粽С
ڸǻ֮޼ûãҲһǧ׷Χ˹âٲ֮С
ǴʱʵǣڹâٲҲо˼ѹ
ÿǰһҪϣܹâٲĳֳǿȣ˿ǧڣ۳ɵɽѹ
ÿײŻᾭĿ飬ÿǰһˡ
ǧ׷Χڵ̫ɽȼյĸǵʵҲԷ˼ٶţԶһİطӦȻҲ֧ŵס
Ͼһˣֻʲô·˵Ŀ⣬׷ѰŸǻӰڹâٲϣģӽһס
ÿһףһι̤ϵھŲϵĹ򣬴û⡣
Ŀ£ǻߵһ״Ҳ̱ޱȡ
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~
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ͷԵΣգ̫ɽһ˲ȼմ޷ܣӴɽĻڿѾˣȻŲڰ˲㣬¿ʼ
ȼŵ̫ɽܼǵʵͬģҲһ㱣ϡ

̱ڵأϷ˼ǰߵѾļޣ̫ɽȼմҲǰ
еһߣ֡
ȼŵ̫ɽ£˵ƻָĺܿ죬˼ǰȥ
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λ󶥼֮ǵǿߣԼ޼
ǻһľ콾ӲǱ޼˶߳һףİ״ͣ
ȻǰĲֹǻȴûжʧ䡣
ߵĶҪԶ֤ʵ
ԵһγߣĿҲʵˡ
ˣû뵽һϵʮĶûУھŲҲ̫ˣǧ״ˣǧ׸Ͳߵġ
ǻʥɽϣǵ֮ǿߡ
˾̾ѡ
ȵȣôˣҼǵа˵˵ھŲ㡣
ûء
һЩ˵ѣͻȻ7ɽϵıƴûнһȻڼǰš
Ϊˣעǻʹк˷
ʱǲźȻ֣֪䣬ҲԽǧףҪǧ׷Χ
˵ߵ
⻹˵϶һ״ûߵı˶𣿿϶ʵһ

˵硣ȴû˿÷Ͼٶˣǲʵ
ʵϣҲ߽ǧ׷ΧѾò˴һˣǿߵǧҲ͵ˡ
Ŀⶼۼڷϡ
ȴǸûᣬһ̤Ͳ˹âٲ֮С


1301 Ӧ
ҿһ׶߲
ȺУһĳӿŲǧ׷ΧķЦ
ʱ7ɽϣ˵ڰ˲͵ھŲˣ˲඼صɽ£ûпܳߣǼɽҲûκ塣
̫ɽĺôȴǸ⡣
Ϊڵ̫ɽʼձʵǵߴʱ״̬һ㣬ǴҲᷢı䡣
ȷҲû棬ڰ˲ûȴϣ漣еھŲ˱̭ڿճһ֪ʵһЩģȻ⵽ڰ˲˵ΧҪȥǧˡ
ֻʧǣȻھŲѹǿĳ񣬺ǰ˲ȫһģǸǻȴ˶ûеصڰ˲㣬ǵϣա
ǵϣɷ˷ϣ԰ڵھŲıпܵصڰ˲һ
ǰ˵Ľ֮ǵˡ
μǧʢĽ֮ˣ֮࣬ƽֵʮɽϣÿɽҲкüˡ
7ɽߣﲻΨһһⳤӾһˣĽ֮ǵҲǿ˴ⳤӾԶ绪ֹ߲㡣
ۿţ7ɽϣĽ֮һ˶޷ߣȻһеķ
˵ߵһ״ƫƫΪһ׶߲
ȻӵĻǿҵ֧˵ҲһЩ
ھŲĿ£˶
½ֵھŲĹâٲв֮󣬶ǰǧס

~
һ̤âٲֲʹ˷ӿӿŷ
ɫڷȼ
޴ڵĹâٲûпڻɫ»ȻھŲĹâٲʵ̫ˣʹǷҲǽǰ׻ǡ
~
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΢𣬾һζƺǳ˳ĳʧȥƽ⣬ıĺһɫЩס
Ҿ֪һ״߲һĻӶʱ
˶ҡͷ̾Ϣ
飬ȴʼƽޱȡ
ź˵ʱ̤ǧ׵ĺôҲ˳ڵ̫ɽӷȼ÷ʵ
ԽǰʵԽǧ״ǰǧףѹҪ౶ͬģôҲҪϺܶࡣ
һסҪ˵壬ȵһ̤˷
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Сġѡ
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صĺڰ׹â֯ţ︡ͬʱĹ߳ڷǰ
ĿתĿŷҪͬһѡ֮ǵˣܲܽһ
Ӵɽڷͷϵһ̣ͻȻ䣬͵۾оһ̣׵ģһ£ָоͻȻƵġ
ڹؼʱ̣ʹֻϵķţȥϵ
ֻأֻ֮λڴ淨ǺߵȣȻûţڳֵģҲ̫ɽȻܹȥϵ
Ȼһֲ̣£ͱ״̬º
άֵģǶ̵Ĳٶ̵˲ϢǶԷ˵ȴǹˡ
Ӵɽ̫ɽڸӦĴں۳ͻȻʧӴɽʱܵӰ죬Ļɢ
ڸӦ³ֺתǻָ
ȻһɢһָʱѾ㹻ˣһֻȼŻɫƾճ֣Ӵɽϡ
~
ҵĺУӴޱȵɽѣҳɢ俪
ƽջƣ£û˿˵ĺۼ
ȫ𾪡



1302 Ŀ
ʲôˣôܡ
7ɽϣһƬ˶˼֮С
û˿÷Ϊһ״Ӵɽ¾ͻܣصĻصڰ˲ҲǲܣȻ˶û뵽ǣңԵʮɡ
˾ò˼ġ
Ҫ֪ǿǻһ״Ӵɽ£ǲɱˣϸֱﱻ̭ƫƫ֮ǰֵҲ۵ķȴɽβ˴۾
ܶ˶ƴ۾Լǲǿˣһ˻ܿһͬʱôܡ
һǿѹƣŪ顣Ľ֮ǵĳ𾪹ΪԼҵһڡ
ܿ죬˵ȥˣΪͣûͣӴɽ󣬾ͼǰȥ
һ˵ӦеΪ
ʲôǵʲô
ĿţԼǰ߹𾪣Ժȴǲϵĸ𣬷һ˲ģӰԿ϶˲ģ˾Եã÷ɻӴɽ
ǣô룬޷ףʹõģʲôֶΡ
7ɽ˴ʧɫ̫ʽ翴̨ϵˣһ̣Ҳ׷׾
ʵĿ⣬ңңŷǿҵ£ʶҪվȴʱӦסˣеľȴһ㶼١
ǵʲôĵرһѹзӿʳʵ
ȻĵرָϡŹֵĶУԾʵ۹⣬Ȼܿǲĵر
ƺĳ淨
ԣ¸ҲһݣԺ˲˴淨
Ų淨ܶ࣬жģҲĵرѪĵȵȣȻѺ¸֪淨Ҳ޷ͷʹõĶӦϡ
ԭܼ򵥣Щ淨ڵھŲͳͳﲻҪЧ˵Ǻá
Ѫ˵ùȥǺԣûС
ô
һµ뷨ں¸Ժ︡
淨һ淨
ǧʢĴֳϣڿֺ˶ۣˣҪ̫ɽ壬۳ɽ޷ǺεȵļѣֻһֿܣǾǷʹõģһ淨
ңֳϵ۹⿴淨Ҳŵľ硣
淨ȫš
óֳۣԼˣз⣬һ۲գĶ˷ϡ
ԭɽϵ˱֣ڣ󲿷עȴǶ7ɽ档

Ŀ£ߵ״
һ֮ǰΪӴɽϿա
ʼʩɽͷǰһ̣ĨȥԼĴڣһ˻ɢӴɽϣ֮ķ顣
ףİס
ǻĿɿڴŷˣʩʩȻĿ״
ôܡǻһܴı飬û뵽ֵĵһȻƾʧȥǱһ벻ߡ
ѹֲޱȣվŲãһ̾ͻֲĹâ
ʧȥ̫ɽȼգǻʵҪֹҲ룬۵죬Ҫķ᲻˳ְ̭ȥ
ǱʵΣ̫ɽȼ£ʱķԶܿ⡣
Һã˵ĵûзˡ
ʱû˻ɷʵĽ֮ǵĳӸſڽ࣬Ҳ˵һ仰
˶Ȼֹǧ׷Χ˹ȥ
ǧˡ
ѵܴ漣
˶ڴϷķ
ǧ׷ΧǧһΣΪֺĹâٲϯÿһ䣬˸е𾪵ǣڹâٲ֮УӰţȻһ޴ɽǱţŹâٲĳԴԴϵĺ˷
ǧף֪ǿ϶١
Ƿ̤ǧ׷ΧʱҲǴֲâٲеһɽײϣʱ𣬲ͣȥ
Ȼڵ̫ɽȴȼյĸΪңŷʵ
ڣǧ׷Χվ˽Ÿ
~
һɽ岻Ϻڷϣת˲Ϊ촷ۣ⾪ĶǵһĻ˶ǺȻɫ䣬ǰطˣǿȵĳ£˲
ʮɽϣ󲿷ֱѾҲֻʵš
7ɽеһ
̨ϣԽԽ˵Ŀⶼ˹ڷϡ


1303 
һ̣˵ǹʶĿڳԽ֮ǣ۾Ź⣬׼ȵǧʢ֦
Ҳвҡͷ̾Ϣ
֪֮˾˵ı֣֪ж٣һĴûлᡣ
һУȴţҲ⣬жڹע
ʱȫĵĶͶ˽ȥڣǿǳɫӣŷĲʵǣҲǲʵȷǧ׷ΧҲǱɼһ͡
ȻҲǲҴ⣬һ㣬ؼɱ䣬ѶҪ֮ǰǿ̫ࡣ
~
âɽײڷϣÿǰһĿֲѹѹķȣѾʵٶȣǰޱȼѡ
ɽϣ˶ǼǰУٶȻ֮
ˡ
̨ϣֳ૵һ״ǵļޡ
̫ɽ˽⣬ȻΪ
Ҫƾ̫ɽȼգһ·ƹأھŲǲܵ飬Ϊ̫ɽȼգм޵ġ
ֹȼȥ
Ҫʵ̫ɽҪĻʵ
ȵȼմһ̣˵ʵͻƾǱҪطɱĵطǰڳ˵Ρ
ǧף̫ɽļޣҲֳһʼͶ϶ûܵϵʮԭ
ɽϣѹļ½ͣ½Ų
ʩչֻأĨȥĴڣűǰڹâٲĳ£ֻصЧҲǴۿۡ
ֲĳ÷Ҳǻ𣬷·Ҫ˺ѿ
ͻȻѹ͵һᣬɫһ̧ͷȥֻϷһ޴ޱȵӰֳ
֪䣬ߵһ״
۳Ȼһ޴ɽȻɽƣǧ״ֲ֪ǿ١
ɽ׹¾ļˡ
ͬʱڵ̫ɽҲǷȼ

ƾڵʵ̫ɽȼմҲԵһٲڰ˲㡣
һӴķڷ¡
ط󣬷
ȼŵĻ棬ҲѸת˺ɫֻ
Ӵɽѹһ˲ģ£һɽϣֲĲֻϮȥʱɽ̴飬鿪
һɫ˲Ĳ԰ֽſһѪ
ʵ̫ɽһˡ
̫ɽȼգ̼ﵽ˼£ҫ۵߲ʹâһɺ˷ڣӳһͬʱɺһҲ֮У˳֮£ǳɫҲǳ׳͡
ϵƣ˲们䵽˹ȵףڷǰѹҲϱ仺

ֳϵ쳹ء
ͣµʱɽҲ׷ֹⳡǧʢʽ̨ˡ
âھʮɽ𣬷˵Ӱʧ»ص˹㳡ϣλú֮ǰȣֺ
ܣ￵һһ֡
ˡһԣ￵˻عǵĿ˷ϣæʵôû
Ǽûκ⣬ܿͱ̭ĵģǷĽ
ûȷشֻ㳡ΧķϷ䡣
һ
￵æȥֻϣһѸʧգ֡
ѣҲ׹Ȼǻóˣæ7ɽķ
ûУûСȵȣһ㾹ȻһǵĿ⣬ǿλãȴûзַ֣ûʧͷ˷Ȼ˵һλλ֮ϡ
￵ޱȡ
û뵽Ȼŵһʥ֮ǵ˶ѹ档
۷7ɽֻа˸ɽϣ󲿷Ҳʮˣ˵Щ˾ֱӳߵģʣЩ˳ھŲᡣ
ͷûйϵˡ
Щ˵Σֻλ޷ֱӳߵȡ
ףҵʵô£
Ȼԭͣô
ͻȻ㳡ϷһŵľԷ׷ɫ䣬æ쿴
ЩĲߵҲͰˣ̫ɽĺôͼ٣оԣЩﵽ߰˲ˣȴϸо˲С
ϡ
΢΢ͷǿ֮ʧ֣ʵ̫ɽǰһȻȷǳС
Ҫ֪ǵ˵ھŲ㣬жǰéģյõһ㣬˵֪



1304 ô
Ȼһǿʧ٣ͲµһʵҲûʲôСֵģҲΪһ¡
̫ɽƶ£ǵʵȷʵʵǱеģǽ̫ɽĻϣһʱ˵һʧȥ̫ɽʵϾͻ˺塣
ܷеϧȴδػô롣
ʵ󽵺󣬹㳡ϣʱɧ
󲿷˻Ǻ侲￵ˣͲһʧ̫ɽʵǵĲߣʵ΢΢ʧȥˣҲܵӰ죬ûʲôо
ֻЩʵ߲ϣǵھŲ콾Խܵġ
رǵھŲ㣬ȼյ̫ɽʵ̫ˣոܹɱķĸоһӵԭ˴ûжܽܵˡ
Ҫһ͡
һЩͷС콾ƣô˳һ͡
֡
Į𣬴ֳϳڹ㳡룬ĿɨˣɲǼ䣬˶оһɿֲ޷ѹǵص·ڻʱ㸲Щ̾ͱ졣
ʮطۡ
֮ǰֳѹѹƣ˵ĸоôǴʱ΢΢ſһЩй¶˶ԣǿĲ˼顣
ֲѹһżգ㳡ǰ
ҪֳͣϻˣҲ룬һĺ£
̫ɽϣǵʵǽ̫ɽģһ뿪Ȼͻʧ
ǣҲһôûУǿϸĸһ£̫ɽϴĵر̶ֻ֮ȣԶԶû̫ɽôŰˣ˵Ҳһѵõ飬ǽĳɳһĺô
ֳϿˣ˵̫ɽͻõһϣǴͳܵõ٣ҪԼı£Թñˡ
ƽĶֳۣϵĻûйĵط
첻ʲôƻרñ˵ʵûҲ֮٣֮˻еƽ⣬ҪǽݱǵʵΪӦõģʧȥȻġ
侲˶޻˵
ĬĬ쿴ı仯ǷҲȥ˵ĵر֮ϣȷʵһ
ϣµˣ΢΢ȫԺԣڵ㣬ЧҲ͵һ൱͵ڶ൱Դơ
ԭ̫ɽϵʱǰ漸ЧǼ֮СЩ߲ˣҲһϣʵ仯ǳС
ʵǵڰ˲ˣʵ΢һЩ
ôģʵǵھŲˣڵھŲʱ̫ɽЧĳ˵ϵھŲˣʧȥ̫ɽĵر֮ϣҲһЩ
ɴ˴ʵҲʮֿɹۣ൱˰ɵһɵʵ
СʵϣѾ൱ˡ
ֻϧϵھŲ֮٣һڶ棬һǧ˵ջǷǳ١
Լһɡı仯жϳʵ̶ȣõļ֮һϾ߳ԶˣõĺôȻġ
⻹ĺô
ĸо̫ɽһ̳͵ǳɫӣʱʳһЩϸ΢建ķŸı䡣
ָо̫ɽʱЩƣв֮ͬ
ܸͬıĵر֮ϣϣҪ̫ɽ౶ȴʤԴԴٳɶֻ࣬Ҫʱ㹻÷ʵڵھŲʱǰҲǲܣң
Ƿõô
ڵʵʹطĻһɺӦǼӽطǳɫӵĽһ¾̤ط֮Ѱ˼š
ʹطʵȻǰطĳ̶ȡ
ط״̬µĻǽӽطһξ룬ϾطͰط֮ʵ̫ԭΪҪȵת󣬲ܿһޡ
̫ɽϵõĺôȴ÷ǰﵽ
ڼ̨֮ʣõĺôǶôҪ
ˣûĻ̭˾뿪ɣǻḺͻȥֳϵ
ء
￵
ܿ죬̭ڴĴ·׷׷أͬʱʮҲʽչ
վľŰپʮˣֳϵĴ£Ҳ뿪̫ʽ磬ǰ̨֮ء



1305 ҫ
գһ޴ĸ޾֮У˵Ļֺɡ
ڸ룬ŸûʵĵãŰ̾͵Ŀտ㳡ʱв˾ۼڹ㳡ϡ
˿»һΪۼڴ˵صģطط洦ɼȫһ
֪ɵĻͲеˡ
ǴУڻڴ˵ˣȻڶͨ˳ѡʸμǧʢĸ
λߡʵۺǰ̫ʽۿˣڲһЩģֻڴڵؽĹսȡһϢ
ҲʵعۿֻܼϵĻһЩ̫ʽ紫Ϣ
еһ
Ŀ⣬ʱʱɨ㳡ĹĻ治ϵĻųһЩϢԼͶӰȻ̫ʽʮɽԵģרעһˣ˳ҲֻܴЩϢͶӰнɸѡӶõԼĵġ
ţ7ɽ֪Ρ
ͻȻĿһһ߿ոͶӰУ׽һؼϢҲΨһõϢˡ
ųϢͶӰȻвصģʥͶ֮ǡؽ綥ȣš
ܿһڷϢѾǷǳס
ǧʢˡ
ȷ֪ߵû˳ߡ
㳡еĹĻͻȻ䰵ȥԭֵϢͶӰҲУһһϢʱףǧʢѾ
Ҳڴ˽ŵʱ̡
ߵˣ̨ܵǺεҫ
ǸоԼȻӿ࣬Ҳ΢΢
ͶӰУ̫ɽϣûб̭ʱԶһɽֻʮ˳ߣ̫ңԽԽ˲Ϣ䣬ǸͶӰҲ˵ʲôɳš
ȻԷģǣǧʢʸߵģһǾ콾
óûеи
˵ûܳߣ
ָˣȻһǧǾҪʥ֮ǺͶȥһͽ֮ǣܳߣǳ漣
˶ûʲôָ
Ҫǧʢϳߣʵ̫ˣܳߵ϶̫ʽսЩֻڵؽս㿴ˣȴϣã
׵ˣȥ̫ʽ硣
˵ۣϰ䣬ĿĶŹĻ
˳ߣĻ𣬳ֳ֣ûУǾͲκηӦͨ˵̫ʽǱ߽ӵϢٽ֤ҪãҲʱ䡣
ȴʱ䲢Ȼڳĸоȴһǰ㳤á
ڡ
͵ĹâڹĻϸһֳֻ
ˣ˳ˣ
˳ˣȻô콾ɱΧôܡ
㳡Уʱһŵĺ˶һ𾪣û뵽Ļ漣
Ⱥ棬ȴȡ֮ģǿϲ
Ļֵ֣ȻǷдʵϳ֮ǡ
ˣˡ
һ̣̲סϲûʧȺ貵ǧʢϣǹʶĿӱ
ϳ֮ǵķԭѹ֡
ϲϲ
ϳ֮ǵĳʶ˲٣ڳʼ𾪹Χ˶ʱ׷׹֮ǵĽ
֪ǧʢгߣϳ֮ǲǴͷܻþ޴ĺô
Цݣ˵泩
λϳ֮ǵĳ
һƽ
㳡аһ˵ģǴˣҲˣһλطǿߡ
˵ĿⶼͶ˳
ǰҾǡһȺڶ
λطʿ˳һۣĵ˵ͷϲ㣬ˣ׼һ£ǵȻҪ
һ㶡
ȥ̨طǿߵ˵ͷǳߵһǰ̨ۿ
޴ľϲӳиһϵڱĲʵо
û뵽ԼȻȥ̨ĻᣬǺεҫ
Ҫ֪Ȼ̨սؽ綼̶ܿȿ϶ͬԽԶĿԽõĹۿص㣬ɾ̨ϡ
Ҫǣ̨սһϵҫ
˶ǻȻ涨Ȼһǧʢеģֻпͷϣͱˡ
һʱ䶼ûطʵĻŷӦ
һ̣㳡ͶĽʼĿ⣬Խ̴顣



1306
̫ʽ硣
ǧʢ󣬲μ뿪뿪ȥ̨ȥ̨ʹǿ̨ϵĸԣҲȺ뿪
ԭַǷ̫ʽҲ𽥻ָƽ
ڣһռĸۡǴֳ̫ʽסʱλǧʢʮطۣڸۡڡ
ֵģ̫ʽڵǧʢᣬ̨û̫ĹϵȻݣ̨Ҳһλĳԭʱûǰڽߺ󣬷̫ʽȺϢ
ͻȻһЦ洫˹
ֳһϲһʱڸۡ⣬λƵӰս
ܹܡŵһݸߣֳϴ˸к΢һЩ
ʮطۣʹʥڵĵλǶģȻǰλܹܣǵʵ˿ԼҪǣƹŴĴȨڴĵλҲǰģҪֳ֮ϡ
ڿһʱֳȴüͷ΢塣
ϹϡʹĴ˸к
λϹĿ࣬ȥûа̬Ǹһޱȵĸо֮Ի̬ȣȫΪϹֳϵͷ֮ìܡ
Ϊʥһ飬ڴ죬ͬϵŶ
ڿԼͷˣֳ϶ʱЩĸо
ܹܣҵǿǵΣûôͷֳϿܹܴˣǷıʵ̫ˣΪǰ
û˵꣬ͱϹĴˣͷΪԼ˵ʲô˾ͱȥѵڵ
ʲô˼ֳϱݵĻĲȻŭǵìܰ˵ĶʵҲӦܿʱӰ񡣡
̫ɽʵǵԶ֮ˣһڶ棬еֻˣˣһǲˣһ֮ǣҲ򵥣ΨⷽһͨĽ֮ǣףҲпܼҴġ
̫ɽ߳Զ淨ţ־ʣǻԥʲô
һȳϹЦһÿɷܹȴЩ
ֳ˵ЩȻһҲûʲôģĹؼȴ
ţʥ֪˷˵ҲĶֳϿ϶˵
ԣϹȴǹЦ
ЦʲôֳĮ
ˣ˵ɡֹ̧ܹҪϹϣһֳϣϵĹǣǶ
Ϊǧʢ췽һȨǣԲá
ǧʢʥȻȨģһôûУҲδػԸа졣
ȨǣѡȨ
ǧʢڼ䣬ڶ콾ıʱʱĶҲȥҲ콾ʱӦ
ȴһǿе콾֦Ȩ
ǣһΡ
ûæʹȨȵ̨֮Ҳǵһѡе콾
ʥͬˣû˻ܾ˳ܹؼһεȨҪޱȡ
Ȩ֣ѡ̨ϣΪɫ֮ˡ
ˣܹܻأҲ֮С
Ϊʸ񡣡ֳϳ
ܹҡҡͷǡǡ෴ǿеģһˡ
ʲô˼Ϊ˵ıֱȷΪɫ̫ɽҲֳϴŭ
ͷ̫ΪˡϹϲм㿴еǸСӣȻ̫ɽ߳Զǲʵ;֮ϣʵ̫ɽսȫ£һ򲽽ǿߣҲʲô
һ㣬ֳҲ޷ھŲûн֣ҸǱֵʮɽϣϹϵһ仰Ҫ
ܹһѵμǧʢģȫˡ
˵ʮֱӳߵģ̷ֳӦ˹ҡͷôܣǲܱġ
ʮֱӳߵģʥԶ֮ǡ
ʥľͲ˵ˣʹԶ֮ǵģͬ򵥣Ҫǧѡ
Ȩȴһܳɹ
ҪԷͬС
ʥĵӷ룬öԷ죬ǸЦ
ֳϵĵһӦǲܡ
ܻһЩģһεǧʢͲ̫һܹ¶һ˿ЦݣеһˣǾ
֪˰ɣΪԼ۹͸һȣ㻹ĺԶϹЦʧʱĳ֡
ֳϳĬȻһ¹ܹܶô˵ˣǿ϶ǲдҿҲǵõ˴˵ͬ⣬Ҳ޻˵



1307 ɳ
ϣûпۡ
գֳҲֻε˵һ仰
Է˽չ̫٣̫ɽϵľ˱֣ʱȻǵ㣬Ҳ޷ȥ
˺ˣҲ׼ǰ̨սɡܹ΢΢һЦԲϹмĻᡣ
ǵݺ̨й̶λ

ǳŴһ뿪ġ
ʱͨʱȾۼһ𣬽ʹĵֶΣǧɽˮ̫ʽ硣
뿪ʱ򣬾Ͳˡ
ĵֶβʹóģҪϸ̶λõȵȣ̫ʽǴĵ̣ȻôŪνҲȻ̨ȴʹûʲôϵ
̨ǵؽǿߣ֮µġ
Ϊ˱ʾԵ֮𾴣ʹʩչģҲãʵʵĸϹȥ
ңݣԶһܱȵģٶȿĳ
һ·ɳĳͬˣͿУ֪ٶȵж졣
ˣҲǻ˽һµʱ䣬ŵĿĵأɼؽĽǺε֮
ɳǡ
Ͽȥǳ㲻ϻֺ꣬ҲСԶԶûеؽĴôӴʮֵĲƣȻĿȥȴܸоЩƵĳǳϣһɹϲãϢӭÿһ䡣
һ˵ĸо÷

˵еķɳǣȻ鴫
һ͵͵޾ĸпڷ˵ģһ꣬º͡
Ŷɳʲôͷ𣿡Щʵ
겢İ
ԬԨǴֳ״ӣ̫ʽǧʢУҲɱΧΪߵһ
Ϊֳʮֿ÷ҲԼĵӽ÷
ֳϵķԸԬԨûʲô飬Ϸ̫ɽϵıʵ̫ˣ߳ԶģԬԨҲ̾硣
ȻⲻʵҲˣƾһ㣬Ҳ㹻ԬԨˡ
ҺͷʶҲûзַκദĵطܿ죬ԬԨҲཻ˳ѡ
ʱѾ٣ɳǡ
ʣԬԨе֡
ڷɳǵʹڣڵؽ籾Ǿܣ֪֮٣Ҳֻгʥȥ
ɳǵΪ֮
˵У֮ΪʥؽʱͻȻһǳУһ죬ڳɹȥӴԺǳؾͱΪɳǡ
̨ǵִ֮Ҫȥ̨ĻɳǱؾ֮·
˼·ԬԨ˵һš
ǺǣȻһţ֮滹ܷȥֻȴǲʵ
֮֮ӿǳأȻˣҲʹ÷ɳС󣬻ܱžɹۣǻΪ档
ˣ޲Ǳųʥ̬
΢΢ͷ
ܸоɳǹϵϢĴһǷǳԶ
̨Ŀʱǹ̶ģҪڷɳǵϼʱܽ룬ĺûᡣԬԨ¶˼˷֮ɫΪ֮ڷɳĻ˳ĳ淨淨õʱ򡣡
ԣҲһ¶˾ϲ֮ɫ
ɳǹȻǲɶõıء
ֻϧôõĵطֻ죬ʵ̫ˡԬԨЩź˵ɳǲ⿪ŵģΪؽ´󹦣һʱ䡭ǣҲֻǧʢУĻᡣ
ʱʱ̿򣬲֪жá
ԬԨĸеź
ĳҪѧ淨ѣǰһûκģȻ淨Ǻεȵڷɳǣе֮ʱ䣬жٽء
ʹһ콾˽ܣ˶Ҳ뱦ɽȴֶصĽ
̫ɽһǰˣܷߣ߶٣ȫԼıˡ
㽫淨ţƽڷɳǣջ񡣡ԬԨŷ˵
Ǵֳ淨ţĿɿڴҪ֪һ淨ûŰ
ϣɡЦûзԬԨĻ
ʵϣطţֻȴ٣֮Իֳλʮط۶Уֻ˵ųֻ֮淨ίʵ̫˼顣
֮֮ǡ
ǰԽԽĹϳǳأиǿҵϣ


1308 컨׹
ŲϽӽɳǣϵ콾һ˳
֪ɳǴڵģǸոŵˣȫڴ˷ܡ
Ƭ̺
ͻȻͣ˵һλطվ˳ɳǺεڣǴ죬Ҳܼʻ۽롣
Ǵ˵ȴͶʮطۣ˴ɳһλǿߡ
߰ɡ
ԬԨ˵ͷһ뿪ۡ
û飬ٸ߰ˣҲڷɳˣᡣ
һǰȥ
ȵӽɳһͻȻ䣬·ǽһ磬ӿˮϢͬʱоԼ˼άԵıǰסԼ⣬ϢİΧУȴǷ׷׿⡣
Χһ̾ʥҲ⡣
ԬԨǴĵ̣ѵûƵĵطԬԨЩʵ
ƵĵطаɣҲǺʥ˾ĵطҲвЧҲ˵ǾͲ֪ˡ
ǿԿ϶ǣУҲԶԶ޷ͷɳȡ
ԬԨԥ˵ʹûƵҲô淨ˡ
Ƕʱԣ̫ѣȻɳ㣬ýе˼άԴȴ
΢˵ͷȻȴ˿ƽ
ɳ˼άЧõĳ»ЧҪϲ٣ߺͷɳһҲһֱãʵ÷Ϊ𾪡
ϾɳΪ֮ġ
»أȴǷ麣죬ԶŴ½ϵıڵʱķ￴ǿ޷Ϊʱ̫Сڵķԣȴǲֵһˡ
ˣȻڳ»ȴҲûа̫죬Ǵʱķȴ÷ףԼõǷͬСɡ
ʵҲ
õ»ʱ䲻̣Ҳʹ˺ܳʱ䣬ֱڣҲ»浽ʲôþֶΣҲ޷»
º칬Ҳû뵽Լͼı˾˵Ķɡ
Ԫĺ칬ȥǵ˺󣬷ûٹעҲûʲô󶯾Ҳǲֻ֮߶Գ»ʶز㡣
Σ˺ôҲơ
ת䣬ǰȥܿʹ˴󿪵ĹʯţС
̤ɳǺܵϢ࣬˼άҲǸ÷ףɳǲͬĵطЧҲֻͬ»ȣǲϲ١
𿴷һ콾Ȼɳǣȴ㲻ʲôǵǽܴ죬ֻסڷɳǵıԵ
ҲǺģǵپˣͣȻ޷Ͷ꣬ʮȡ
~
һȻ쳹أ֮ͬ˻˵
ţһƬƬɫĻƮãȥʵĻ󣬵ʱȴǺ谭Ĵ˹ȥ
ǸоܵϢȻҲǲһֻϲĸо·Ŷ⣬ڵõ˽ַĵϲá
ⲻǷʵ飬ǰƮɫ֮꣬ǿ
ǡȫ¶ɫҲоַĵľϲ
֮컨׹䡣
λطɫһ¶־۵ı飬漴֪һλɹͻƣ
˭
ϲɺذ
ɳڣǿϢӸѯʵ
ӳĳһЦĵϲ˵һеľ
ԭĻʡ
λطϳ˶ԷĽѣ˼󣬺ܿƽ
ؼ䣬컨׹˻ᣬתҲʧͬδֹһ㣬Ҳ֮ʧ
Ҫ֣Ƿɳǵ󡣡ľطתͷ˽͵Ϊ֮ڴˣɳһЩ죬ܸӦ˵ر仯
Ǹոտ컨׹䣬еһ֡
λĻ컨׹䣬Ҷ˽⣬Ӧ淨ӵһͻƵ˵ڶ㣬ƿһơ˵ţ̾˿
Ļʲ࣬Էǳɹͻˣȴ֪Ҫȵʱ
΢΢˿
ܳΪطʵģʶȥ淨ӵһ㵽ڶ㣬ȻҲ֮ãɼ淨֮ѡ
Ȼһ㶼ɣŶ롣
ڷɳڳɹͻƣȻĽʱò˴ǴͻƱԵ콾͸ˡ
Ҳ󣬲֪Ǻεҫ
Ǳ̫ˡطƳһۣȻʲôѣ·ɳǵٴǳɹͻƵļʶ΢΢
˵컨׹䣬ʹһ֮ϼѡ



1309 ޹»
֮
ȺУ̾˷ʡ
Ǹոģ컨һֵطʵҲǷɳУͼҲ׳ֵֻҪͻС
νС磬еһؿ
淨̫ˣÿһ㶼ǼɬޱȣÿһεͻƶܴʵЩͻƱΪһС硣
ԷطΪһ㡢ڶ㡢ȵȣЩǴ󾳽硣
ǣ;УյơγͼơȵȣһСˡ
֮޼ֻ֮ʵۣ֮޲ˡ
ͬ淨淨ʹһ󾳽磬С磬вܡ
ȻͬεСͻƣ֮Ҳ𡣡ľطֲһ䡣
ԣ˶΢΢ͷ
ڵһС磬͵ڶеС磬ѶȺȻ֮
֮߼ģ컨׹䣿һ
˵ģһ޳Ӣӣӿͬġ
֮ǵǺӡ
˶־ηĿӢӡ
̫ʽɳǵ·ϣ˲˵໥ʶҲ˱˴˵һǧ棬ΪʶĿģʣֱӽ̨ʮˡ
Ǻӣʮеһ
֮ǣǺӡҲĿǺһۡ
󶥼֮ǣĽ֮漣ϵĽ֮⣬֮ǸӵĹϡ
ڽ֮ǳֵĳʼǧ֮ǣҲǿ
ǵ֣һ׻ȸ䡣
ǿ飬޲Ǵ˵ڴ˵УҲǰһǵҲɼ֮ǵĵ̺
˾ηĿ⣬ȴûǺӵа仯ƺһжȻ
λطҲû̫ǺעǷʷۣɾ;֮ϣϴûһ컨׹䣬ֻΨͻһ󾳽ʱ򣬲
淨Ҫͻƴ󾳽磬Ǻε֮ѣ˻ָ
ͻƴ󾳽磬ǺʮˣҲûκλᡣ
Ϊʲô
룬Ǻǵʵʣôһ淨벻ţȻ˵һ㣬Ҫڼһڶ㣬ǼֱǸ񻰣ûǰ˵˵
˵ۣ֮ǵ˷׷¶м֮ɫ
Щ˭ǣʦֻһ淨һЦһ󣬵ûжȻ֮Ҳںˡ
ˡ
ľطֹ̧̧֣˵ۡ
˵ʵԵĻϣܶͻƣģǴҲܵõһЩô˵ˣڷɳͣʱ죬ȴȥס
˵ͷ컨׹䡢ֵ֮ʱܵϢ̱󲢲ҫһʵʵĺôҲǣЩ콾ڷɳסԭ֮һɡ
طʴһߣһ߽һЩڷɳڵע
ΪҪһǣҪڳ߶
һСģһλǿ߽ҪͷȻᶪǱһԵͷⲻ˵ġ
ʸڷɳģҲǾطʣԶķǵ
סĵطľطʰ˴˵ͷ
ĿȥֻǰһСʯݣЩƣĴ©硣
Ȼ಻ѣ뵽ɳǲ֪˶꣬άľѾܲˣҲûʲôñԹģ׷ѡһʯ˽ȥ
ԬԨѡ뷽ڵһʯݡ
û׼ʱԵıȥǰԬԨ˷һ䡣
ʱ𣿡һͷȴûĶ
ģԬԨ֪˽ԥ˻ᣬóһؾҺ裬ȥܴȵԣάʱ䣬ϷɳǵĻʹЧã°빦
ʦ׼Σòô࣬÷һΡ
裬ǷǳԬԨҲʮֳֵۣϵԼΪͻƣʹ
΢ѹֿˣǳʥͶ֮ǵˣĵӣԬԨһ׼
һηɳǲףЩؽӱ콾ҲδɳǣĻᣬȻ˷ˡ
Чﵽ󻯣ͻơ
ˡ
תûȥ衣
ԬԨн飬ûеȡĳ̶ȣ޹»ô
˵꣬΢Ȼǲʯݡ



1310 ˼
ԬԨЩ񣬿ŷ߽ʯݡ
ϣԼĻԾܾ衣
һ١һЦӺ洫
ϤԬԨɫʱתͷ˶Էһֹۣʲô£Ϲʼ
ˣһӣĿߴϹϵá
˵ĳͷԬԨϹʼĹϵҲǼΪӣȻͬһθǴˣҲûʲôɫ
ڷֹ㵨ΪϹʼ˵·ϵʱҾͽӵ游ĴѶҶ㣬ôĶ飬֪ⷽȤû裬һ֪ʲôǲõġ
ԣԬԨǲȻŭȴ΢ݡ
Ϲʼɲ濴ȥôıȻô˵һɣºȥ˵ϹʼˣϹҲҪԲ˶ߡ
Ǻε󣬴ǰֳϵķԸԬԨԸ͸ٿ÷Ҳǲġ
ԬԨ뷽ཻ˽£ϹʼҲû棬漰裬Ͳһˡ
Ϲʼѵ˵б䣿ʦôû֪ͨҡԬԨ˼
漴̾˿
һ·۹⿴ϣܼģֻ飬ɲ

ʯݺ󣬷ת۾ͳ
ǲ쿴
̫ɽԴԴϵı壬ûһͣϢ̫ʽ絽ɳǽһµ·ϣĵر֮ϣѾһЩɹ۵
ڵ״̬˵һֻ̤˰طıԵʱȥڲطͨ״̬£ܴﵽطĳ̶ȡ
༸죬ͻơ૵漴ûٶᡣ
ֲΪͻƣûʲô󶯾ʵЩ΢ӦڷĵرٶȷǳӦָı䣬Ҳʲô⣬ֻҪȻȻĵȴˡ
ʵϵͻƣˮɵ顣
Ȼ淨
յ淨ţɳĻȻݴֻ֮ͻƣҲһ¡
֮
ԭĴ㣬֮ԲʵطĵزʱԵ޵˽̫٣֪Ȼˣлᣬ뵽Ž죬ȴޱȾ׵淨
֮һݣԺﻺ֡
Ƭ̺
۾üͷ塣
֮ʱ򣬷ɳ޴ڵϢƺʧȥãûиҴκ档
ôҲǾʹó»ģȻжϴ
̫֮ѣĲá
һ淨ڰ׽֯Ĺâ𣬷ֻȻһΣǰģͣ
ûá
һ淨ỳɣǲǳԼϣǽ淨ˣͿ϶ˡ
ȵתطʱȴǺǰȻͬ
Ϣܣ÷һȻ⡭
ԭˣֻ޵淨ʱŻáȻҲǲ󣬱Ͼǵ֮֮أҲƫҲ֮С
ڣûطڶĹ
ʹҲš
ó»
뷨̾ͱų»ʹʱĶ̫󣬼ʹڵؽܵѹƣɳҲ϶ᱻ֣ĵȻǶģûʲǫ̂ܵĻѱ˶˼
ڵؽҶ֣ɷչ뿪ؽʱʱ鷳
ңҲΪ»ƾڶϾⲻǵһʱ
ǵõĵһ㣬ֻؼطȱʧڿУѶȲ֪ٱôܳɹ
ʱ䣬ܲ˷ˡ
֮£ֻλطʵĴԼĻ
Ҫֻط󣬿սõ淨ţпյʱ˼ȴʼûʲôͷ
Ǵսôôʲô
طһ㣬ѾԲҪ˵ΨһǷȱǴʯˣѵйأ
ʱڷɳǵİ£˼·ͨԼ䣬ȴ·׽һоͬ￴Կ֮
~
ͻȻ䡣
һ쳹أΧϢȻ
էȻĵǱȴû˿ŵ·峺ϪˮʯͬǷʡĳĺģ÷˼ȻɲǵǰĲҲ



1311 
ţ֮
üһŰʱ䣬ͻһС磬֮
ɳУһЩ̾
λطվһ̨ϣŷ˽ĲʯݣʱĿĳ
Ǵǧڵˡ
һ֮˵ĺôޣǷɳеˣԭľ粻֪꣬ҪͻҲûôףһ֮˵Ҳˡ
ˣô֣֮Ҳλط¶Цݡ
ʼʱ˵Ҫ֮ǧѣʵϣкܴļɷڣϣЩ콾䣬Ӷһ

ųЦһޱ߷ȥЩݵλطԡ
ʣþòߴк
λطʵķţ
Ļʡʵ
ⲻߣǰ֮컨׹Ļʣոմ淨ĵһͻƵ˵ڶ㣬鼫ãҲûʻǵ룬תͷ˲ʯݡ
ЩСһ棿ĻʸпӦûûŰɣǺð
ǷǺӵˣǵʵʹﵽط׿Խ߸ǰطĵزȻûһӵзš
ⲻʲôӣΪ̫ᣬδĳɾͲڣʵ졢ͻƾ׵ʱһò˶ã緽ططһʱ䡣
ڱֳطʵʱ˷ŵĻôָ˰طķš
ǰһŻûдؽ磬һžѾЩʱˡ
˷Ŷʵȶʱڵͨ˵һǧ֮ƳĵޣȻˡ
ҲЩп
㲻ˣʵ
չˣոͻƽó߶߶ĻЦ
֪һεǧʢᣬжٳɫ㶼˵
ʺһҲûоܾĻҲһʥ
ǧʢУɫһЩ˽˼䡣
ٺ٣ҵҪжָ֮ʲôεġĻûаߵ˼
Ҳոͻн
λطеʱ䣬һ̸߽һߵȴš
ò˵һǧ콾棬׿̫࣬Ҿ󲿷ֶԵĶΪһ׼£ڴ˿̱˳
ʱ֮ÿһͻ
Ȼβ̫ߣͬɽȪĺĳӵʤ١
⼸죬ϵЦûôϹʮߴ֮ǧʢϣǲĳɼ
ߣ֮ͻС硣
Ȼи׼ֵڣһ콾֮׿Ҳǿɼһߡ
ĻҲ̾
ȵ죬һʯݴ󿪣˶Ǵ˳
ҪôǾͻƾ绹ԶҲͲ׼˷֮ıҪô֮ͻƾ磬ҪٴͻưղҲûټ
ȺУ֮ˣȻ⣬Цݣûˣȴǲ
ϹʼԬԨҲ߳ʯݡ
ͬһˣۼһȻۣҲ⡣
ˣǵĳɹһ֮
ٺ٣ԬԨǻôǷ㿴һ֮ûֱǸЦԬԨϹʼʱ
˻֪˭֮ΪˣȻܴһ
ʲôֵģ淨һԲ˭֪ڶСҪȵһ࣬ټûû֮Ҳ֡ԬԨ
ӲɡϹʼм
淨Ѷȼߣвŵһʱͨ裬һ߲ΣϾͿסֱ˻ҪҲ飬ϹʼӦþ
ȸ֮ǵ˱ҲԶˡϹʼĿҲһʯݡ
~
һ֮쳹
ɲǼ䣬˶鱻ϴĸо˾ǣȻܿʧĻȴؼص಻
Чû֮ôǿȴҲͨ
ղ۾͵ѿڶ
Ļͷ
ȻǲĳյĻǱҪǿ̫ࡣ
ֲε˵˵Ѿ˼ߵľ磬ԲҲǲԶĻʵ
ʵͷ˷ʯݡ
Ľ֮ǵͣѾǵڶε֮ˣһֲεη
͵֮ͬΣͻƵСҪ˸ѣ֮ĲҲԽߡ



1312 
ĿǰԣΪɫ֮ˣ֮֮ͣĲαˣҲҪǿ١
͡
Ľ֮ǵˣȻΪɫġ
Ľ֮ǵϲɫ͵ĳɫ֣Ƕɡ
ʲôʵĻں档м
ǵ죬Ҳиʵı֣һЩΪɫﻹûнչء
ڵʯݣͻȻ򿪡
߳ͣȻջע⣬ԼĽĿ⡣
Ȼڻ̨̨ȵһ˵ս淨£ĳ˵ҲһǧʢἶĽ̨һ֣ڣûдؽˡ
ϲϲ
صĽ֮ߣЩЦݣ漴ڵλúĿʱ˹ȥ
֪ڵңܷ㡣иǿս⡣
Ľ֮ǣĿľѧϰ淨ܷʼԭ򣬵ȻĽ֮ǣ۽õ˼ͣ䣬ҲûٶӷΪҪܷ
ΪĽ֮Ḁ̊́ǵԼȫܽɻܡ
ǣʽǧʢᣬȴһ
ʵ޼ĻڻΪԶŻԳ󣬾ȻһĵĴ֮󣬿֪
̫ɽɹߵϲãϢһɨգһӰ
ʱ޵淨ͻСĴǡ
淨ôġ
͵ٶô죬Ϊԭ淨Ǵ淨̥°빦ȿľˡ
ˣҪ淨һԲҲҪܳʱ䡣
ɳǵ⻷ȱҲԶһɳ졣
˾ȴš
ֵ֮ĴԽԽ٣ͳغǽֻһ
ҲǺͻƵС磬ǰͻˣҲȵڡ
ͻȻ

֮ϴڷɳǾþû졣
ڶγˡ˷
֮ǵǺӣԭѹ֡
˼飬ⶼǺӵ֮˰ɣֱӵ̨ˣܱȡ
ͷ
ⲢǺӵһ֮Ǿ˵ĵΣҵεǲͲϷֺ
֮ǵƵᣬһȻ飬ֻǲмĿĽ֮ǵһۡ
ΪϵĽ֮֮һ֮Ľ֮ǣΪĹ壬Ľ֮ǲǲݸ𣬵ԶԶ硣
Ǻ֮һû⣬ȫ
ЩˣȫΪɫ콾ֱӳߵʮһһС
գǺӳء
չصʱĴ֮֮ߣжǰ
ֱͬӳߵļˣǺ˵ȴҪһЩˣȴҪࡣ
ǺӵȴЩ⡣
ҰĲԭҪɳǵ֮һٳС磬ڶ淨Ҳţ컨׹䡣
ʱԼʵвСϵҫ
ֻϧıչأҲûɹƿ޷ǰ벽Զֻ֮ܳء
˶ˡ
Цݡ
콾֮ȻһٴΣ滹һЩ߲ε
˳ɾͣǧʢҲһβϷŹ⡣
ڷɳǵһգ̨Ҳš
ʣôûгһЩݵĻͻȻ
ԣһĿȥʱһʯУȻŽգ㿪˼ûС
ˡĿһɨҲϳʯе˭
ûǴĻһ֮ûĻƲƲ죬޷֮ˣͳˣȻȴˡ
ĻʣΪ޷֮һ콾ģǾʹشˡʵ
ŶĻ˫Ŀһɣʲ;Ͳưոݵ̬
ģȴ˿⣬ָеһʯݣʯе콾зϳ֮ǣǵؽ֮ˣһͨĴ硣
֪ⷽѾ淨šʵ
ʲô
Ļʴһ̲סҪ淨ţЦɡ㣬ûƭңϳ֮ʲô⣬ôû˵ȻĹ̥
еľȴǰ㶼١
淨̫꣬ҪǺεȼˡ
ϳ֮ǽһͨĽ֮ǡƵ˵ⷽѧϰ淨Ӧͷǳϳ֮ǣҲ²⣬Ҳֻ淨еš
ʱ䣬Ҫ淨ڶͻƣǺε֮ѣͲҶ˵˰ɡ
Ļͷõӡ
ڶôͻƵĻͻȥչˣҲеĴ
ʵĽͣһ㶼ˣⷽͻһС磬֮ǲŽй¡



1313 Ѫ
ϳ֮ǻǺ˵ãĻʲŸпһ䡣
̨ܽ콾޲Զ֮ǣҲʸϿս磬ڽ֮ڵһģûͨĽ֮ʲô¡
ϳ֮ڵؽһ㣬ȴôһ̨̤
֪ⳡǧʢĻϳ֮ǵȻǣӭĪĻͷչ
ⷽǷˣûһ֮Ҳ޹ؽҪôһأĻʺʵ
һ˵ϵҪʱȽܲһˣɫķں档
ⷽѾ˾ˣܽ淨ŵˣʵٲҲȥ콾еĶһܱɫˣĻʼΪ档
ڶ΢΢һЦûӣȷӳɫ
²⣬׿ȷϣĻʻޱȣôɫҲ淨
һ콾У淨ֻзһˡҡҡͷ
ʵ⣬һ콾ʵ淨ռ˺ܴĲ֣ΨһӰʵģĵرܵȡ
˼ǣĻʵ
еѪǵѪʻ
Ѫ
һڣĻ˶סˡ
Ѫ˴еľȻǵѪôܡĻޱȡ
Ҫ֪ǱȻѪҪǿһȼĵѪѪ棬Ѫϵġ
ѪѵһΪϡˣ󲿷ֶѪѪǷëǣ˵Ѫˡ
ǧʢʢ£һеѪ콾Ҳ֮
Ļ𾪵ɫԵһЦΪʲôԷ𾪡
Ҫ˵һǧʢ콾˲űлѪ콾ҲкüˣǴеѪģȴֻһˡ
Ѫɳɾʮط۵ѪˣеѪ֮ҪͻΪʥҲҪ̫࡭
Ȼʥ֮·ޱȼѣʹǴеѪ֮ˣҲǱ˵ĻԣȻǺãǾԴĻᣬ˶Ϊ֮
ֻϧѪֵļ̫ˣʥһЩ
˴еģ˭ѪĻʴлع̲סʵѪУ϶Դͷ
֪֪ٶǰڵؽһ֮ս¡ʲʡ
ءĻһЦʵȻû꣬ʼȻ˵ˣǾµսô϶š
ܳƵǾµսս˫ʵȻ͡Īǹۺ̨ϵǳսǷڻԭĮһϸ˼˻ᣬĻ˵˺ü֮սȻȴҡͷ
Щ֮սս˫ʮطۣɼ֮ߡ
ʵϣβߵսҲ
ⲻǣҲǡѵ˵ͻȻĻ뵽һֿܣλ޵з۵ս
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䣬ͻȻһ쳹ʡ
͵һ飬ҪȷǳȻһ̣˶ˡ
֮һõ컨Ʈ



1314 »
סˡ
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ǺӡԬԨˣҲȫľ
ֱһõ컨Ʈϣ谭Ĵ˹ȥʺĻʲ͵һ飬˶һۣͬľ
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ͻƣһ󾳽ԲĻڶ淨ȻһԲͲ˵˵ڶ㣬ȻͣڵһĴ󾳽ϣ㲻ͻƣΨԲ֮󣬲ǳ׵ɹŴһ󾳽磬ͻƵһ󾳽硣
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ԬԨ΢˴ʱȻˣ쿴еıȻȸ֮ǵĳ¹ҫ
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1315 洫
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ǰδе澰סˡ
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1316 ʮط۵ĸл
洫
ʵǿޱȣλҲǷǳĸߣĻûж˲ɡ
еĴˣҲϡţɳǵʷϣҲǹŽУ֮ϡ棬컨׹żҲһߵĻϣӿôµˣȴָ
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ǣ콾ǵķӦһ㣬ǵľչ鲻㣬Ҳп
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Ŀһǰʵ»֣Щ»ϡһЩ
΢æȡ˳»ڴȥȻ֣һʧܿĸ룬ϡ䣬ܿһģӰӣȴ޷塣
ȻûгɹҲеʧ»ƿظ뾫΢ܳ׿һ졣
ʱˡ
ջ˳»վ
ʱλʮط۵Ҳô˽



1317 ̨
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ĿɨڵڶУһϤӰϳ֮ǵĳ
ĿҲ˹ңң˸к󣬷ܿջĿ⡣
̨
ŲϿҲˣڱǿǳײĿԵɫ񷻺䶯ţԻٶȻָ£
֪ȵױպϣ̨ҲٴʧȴһεĿ
ʮ죬ͻ᳹£ܿ죬͵ó˽ۡ
˵̨ϵʱ䣬ֻʮ죬ڼ䣬һǧ˽ֳ
ٶȺܿ죬ò˶ã˾ʹ˺ɫ񷣬̨ķΧ
̨룬Ǿ޴ƽԭƽʺսΧһɽ͵Щ˵λˡ
~
âһ̨룬úΧɽϣâӿһӰ֡
սϿʼ˰ո˿
ϳ֮ǣһǧ棬֮⣬ûеڶ½֮ˣ˷վһԡ
ԬԨԥ£ûӪߵ˷ԣҲȥϹʼ˹ż֮ɫ
̨̤Īҫ
Щûʥ𣿡ΧɽϵһۣЩֵʵ
ûۼʥ
Χɽϵ࣬Ҳʮطۡ
ȻֻпԽʥֻ֮ǶԷ豹棬÷ûʲôо
ʥ׳֡ԬԨҡҡͷǴˣҲûмʥ
ǵĿͶԲõģǵıֲᱻʥ
˵ͷ
֪һεսʲôơԬԨЩ˵
л̨̤ȻϣԽԽá
֪Լ£ǳʥȴ͵һˣߵ棬ʲôıƺҪ
Ȼ֪ˡ
̨ģȻҲǴˡ
˻ûе룬˻ûг
ˣ϶ڲͬɽϡ
һ޴壬ΧСɽڶ࣬Ǵ֮ء
ߡ
ʱ̨Ϲ鶸ȻĮĿ򸽽ֳϡ



1318
ֵģʲô˼Ϲ
ԬԨûкʹһ𣬷Ǻͷվһͷǳˡ
Լ˾۶ѣƫƫ첻˿֪̾⡣
ϹǳŭȻֳмìܣڲìܣڴ󳡺ȴٻᱩ¶ʧܺõȥȻԬԨڵΪȴǽìܱ¶
ԬԨһС򲻸ˣϹ϶Ȼǳֳϵ⡣
㻹Ϊѡ¹ҫİɡϹϵ
Ԩ뷽ãȥ˵һʲô⣬ǡֳϵ
ҲЩɻ
ԬԨʲôԸ֮ǰû֪ͨԬԨҲΪ˵ΪϣԬԨ׹ҲЩϽ÷Ҳʲôɴû֪ͨ
ǣԬԨı֣ȴǴѰһֱﲻźţֳûʲôĵģԬԨʶֵˡ
ѵ˵ڷɳǵʱʲôֳһĿ̨ϵʣǴ·ˣڶ콾һ̨
̨ȴԶԶֲʣʱҲߵɽ
ʱԬԨͷ˵һҲǻص˴ӪϹҲû˼ɣֻһ
ܹԼλϣû˵
ڿԬԨʱüͷһ£ȴûϹϰ̷ѡ
ʷɵ̨ıԵâһʱ͵˴ɽϡ
ţûκε첽ܹܡ
ܹܴˡʹǶԷʵڴȨԶܱġ
ܹܵɳ˵
ǡû⣬Ҳְ𣬵ڷɳǵ£꾡˵һ顣
˳һٴε֮ʱܹܵ¶һ˿Цݡ
ֵǧʢᣬԽҫۣҲԽйʡ
Ȼ󣬵ʱ򣬳¹ҫ컨׹󡣡
˵Ϲ϶ʱЦ
޵з۵ĺˣϵѪ˿ɱȡϹϵ¹ҫģڳ¹ҫıֳɫҲй⡣
淨¹ҫյ淨ҲˣĳЩ˲
˭֪ĳЩ˭
ʵɫʱʮֹŹ֡
滹ܹĿһע⵽ʵ仯
ǡ
ܹܵѯʲκڵҪʱ򣬷ɳǳ컨׹䡢ӿǷ
һ˷ɳǵͻƴ󱬷λʮط۽һͻ˴󾳽磬컨׹䣬֮ǰл
һʽԼ֪ȫ˵˳
ڵɽϣһ˲š
˶ŵĿʣԼǲˣϾһӷųϢʵ̫ˡ
˵ģֳб˾âͻȻһˣԬԨ뷨
ĻҲ˷
ϹֱûʣΪôϣʲѣո˵¹ҫκ˲Ϸ˸󣬴̫죬ĺ϶Щġ
洫~ܹܻ³һڳž֮ɫ
Ȼʵ仯²ⷽҲͻƣҲΪҲ컨׹䣬֪Ȼеӿ
洫ı־
Ҫ֪ʹǴʥĻۣ޷ķԴ콾洫ģжˣǻǴʷϵ콾ĽִģǷëǡ
ɳǵͻƴ󱬷ʮط۵Ըл㲻ʲôˡ
Сˡܹܳ
ΣĬһᣬϹͻȻ̧ͷҳϿ˷洫Ҳޱ𾪡
ǣ¹ҫȻ㲻ʲô
Ҷ¹ҫеϵѪĳɾͼпܲ棬Ϊ޵зۣҲǿʮطۡ
Ƿأ
ϹЦ˼
½磬ûдκѪδԤϣȻ洫淨ϵĳɾͣ콾˿ɱȣʩչǿ淨ʩչҲûκ壬ǿжõĽֻ
ȻΪ¹ҫԶʤ
û˷ϹϣʹֳҲûУǶ
ڵ˵ҪĻܣδĳɾ͡
ĵر淨ȣǽľϵģǵڶ㡢淨ԴĲ˼飬ͬҲ쳣أҪ㹻ƿأٸߣҲûаô
¹ҫеĵѪʵ̫
ǲָ¹ҫܳɾʥĻ̫ãʹеѪҲһԳ¹ҫ̳еĵѪ֮ǿ󣬽Ϊ޵зۣȴһܵġ
ʥ֮޵УҪȵ洫ǿ̫ˡ
ֳ죬ʲôû˵ڡ
ûдѪҲп̤߾磬ֻãû˻ᱧжϣ
˶ԣѪɸֵΣҲǵؽγɵĹ֮ĳɳ̫Ĳȷˡ
ܳɫ¹ҫӹʶĿδڡһλĳϻڣĻҲ˵
Ȼڷɳǣ¹ҫѹһͷ̨ϣ˭ǿ˭һʹӮˣҲֻܴڵǿ󣬲δҲˣΪӦü¹ҫ֦
ҲǵĻ»֪֮УΪɣѡ˴͡
̫ɽϣ뻪һսȴþʵĿʼҡ
ˣȻô롣
ɡܹܵ˵ͷһվʱҲˣڴЩ콾̨ϵıְɡ



1319 
ⳡǧʢģǴ졣
ʥ̨ߣȻľλܹܣĶ棬൱֮δʵǿˣһӦƹܡ
ܶˣʵȻǿ󣬿ǸĹһԼʵ;磬Ҫܹ
λվܹһʱ뿪ڵɽ壬̨
ʱʸ˵عսˣҲĲˡ
ܹһ볡˵Ŀ⡣
¡~
̨ڣԭƽԭĵϣͻȻ¡һ޴ɽ壬ǰܹǰȥɽ塣
һб仯õһ̨˶ʱһڣһ㶼е֡
̨Ե֮棬ǰ͵ĴڣȻ̨ߵĵرĳЩ棬ȴ˿
ƽ¡ɽ壬ⲻֱܹܵʣ̨ߵȨ
Ƶۡ
λĴܹܡ
ܹܣȻİǴʥµǿߣȨȴǼƵķţȻǳƺְ
մȨܹܣλ磬ʥ֮¡
λǴǣ˴̨ıܹܸԶԶ˳ȥ
ͬʱڵؽܿһ޴ɽ崣֮䣬վһˡ
ʵңң£˵ؽÿһ䡣
Ȼȴûжˣ˵ݣҲû̫˹
ʼˣ̨ıʼˡ
ޱһĻ˶֪ζʲô
ĸǷô
ʲôڻء
ϳ֮ǣպϢڴĿ˵ܹܣȴűʽʼ
ؽ˶̧ͷ
ǧʢᣬ̨Ҳ۷ʱ̣ڼƵ˹ͬעš
ɽϡ
ܹûж˵ʲôϻȻ֪ԼӰʱѾ˵ؽ硣
֮ǰһ±Ĺ򡣡
һ⻰˶ʱԬԨˣһգգĿܹܣΨ©һ֡
̨ı򣬴ͬȻÿһζЩ仯
ֳ֣С;
ȽеСһǧ˽ǧʢϵıֳ֣ʮС飬ÿСһˣһСѭսʤߵ˳ߣʮˡ
Ȼʮٽо¡
ܹ˵
ûáԬԨ΢΢˿ĵģһ̭ıõĻһ־ͻᱻ̭ڵȻ˵㣬̨ͣʱҲԽ
ԬԨ㣬˿˲٣ûǰеҰģֻϣ̨϶һᡣ
һǧ棬һЩ״˵̨һ˵һ£̨ĺôܹܵ
̨ĺôһ㶡
治̨֪жĺǫֻ֪̂ϱֵԽɫԽ׼Щǿ
ǹغδǰ;Ĵ¡
ȻЩʥˣһȻʲôϾǱͳǿǶԣҪҫ
ҫ㹻Ϊ콾սĶϾɫΪҫ֮ˣȻҲ˴󹦣ڸҲܻ÷ķͣλˮǴߡ
ڿбĺô
ȥɳǣӦ̨ǵ֮ڷɳ󣬴ģ̨ڣ˵֮Щ͸򡣡̨ܹܵϵʱԽӮԽܻ࣬õĸҲԽ࣬ǽ˾˸⣬ֱӻ塣
ʷϣԽսԽǿͻƣͻͽ֮ˣϣһǧʢϣҲˡܹܿˣżڴ˵
д
֮µĸʲôҪ֪֮ǳԽʥĳڣ͸½һ㣬㹻òˡ
ĺôЩ콾ԶԶˣͬ˦ں档
ѹѹ֣һ̨
ҫʵԵĺôƴǹ¡
ȻͷҲûõȥʹ̨֪ôˣҲ˫ĿŹ⡣
˭õ֮µĸǵĳɳҪá
֮⣬Ϊǧʢľٰ췽ǰ콾ܽ죬һ꣬һдʥ˵ĺĵӡֵܹ
⻰һ۾
ǰĺǫ̂еĽôڵĺôǴóġ
൱ڳΪʥĺĵӣ½һ꣬ޱȵ



1320 һս
ֺôڳ˵ѾҪܹٶ˵ʲôˡ
Ŀˣ̨
֪棬󲿷˶̨˽ܶ࣬Ҳֻ֪Ҫ̨սǵӰܴؽ磬ڵ˿
˷׷׵ͷĳ棬붼Ķ
ǣҪǵǣûô򵥡ܹܵһת
ȻҪ˵ݣЩʥԼ֮ǵ콾ǣȴû̫ɫϾǵУҲ˲μӹһ죬һǧʢȵȣڹȻȻء
ʥڲ֪ãǧʢľٰǳ֮ҲͲμӹΡ
ֻһЩʱ䲻̲ô콾ֻģܹܵĻ
̨̨ǰĽһƽԭʲǫ̂ҪǵľǣҪ̨ĳ֣ǵʵﵽһı׼ֻվ̨ϣǵӰŻᴫؽ硣ܹܵ
̨һϸȥǰƽԭȷʵ㲻̨֮Ķ
Ҫ˵Ƭƽԭ̨չЩǿ
Ҫ̨֣ǵʵҲҪﵽطĲΣ̨Ҳǽһ㣬ֳ㣬ڲ̨ͬϣǴؽӰҲͬңõĺôҲи¡
ͼǳ̨ڵؽֻܿģӰ񣬸һą̂ܿʽ߼̨ڵؽһǵӰ׼ͷ·վ̨Ϲۿ
ˣϻ˵ˣʱޣʮ̨ͻرգûĻ׼ʼɡܹܿ˵
̨һ
ǳ̨ҪطʵҪǺε֮ߡ
Ҫ֪̫ɽϵʱ򣬻ʵûطƼɱǻ̫ɽ£һЩʵ7ɽǰʮģǰϷ϶ܳߡ
ɽϵˣ7ɽҲǺòȥ
ڷɳǣ淨ͻƣһһ£ʵܴﵽط̶ȵģȻ֮١
⻹ǳ̨ڸ߼̨ҪεҪܹᶼûᡣ
֮ǰǷ顣
ܹʮС飬Ҫģǿ̫磬˭Ը⿴ģҲĬϵǱҺ̫ʽǧʢᣬΪݡ
¹ҫǰߵʮˣһӣȱֿ˲ͬС顣
Ȼ󣬰ǧʢһз顣
̫ɽϣ߳ԶȻǲʵǼϷɳǵľ˱֣ҲǱΪӣڳ¹ҫ֮з顣
һֻʮˣҲֻаˣʣµģûмϸ֣˷ʮС顣
ûãյķ˳
С顣ҵԼλã󣬷ǰˣСһӡ
Ǻӣ֮ǵˡ૵ǺӴˣȴû̫ӡ
ͬСģеһ7ɽĸǻϡ
ԬԨ˵С飬ͷ˵ھС飬ͬڵھСģȸ֮ǵĳ¹ҫ
һ̬죬оϲģҲ̾ġ
û뵽ǷͬһС顣Ϲʼȭͷ֮ɫ
ΪڷɳСȻԬԨûǰڲͣĳԬԨ⡣
뵽ʵݺһ⣬ʱϹʼܸоΧ
ĸϹʼ˵ܴ衣
ʱҪ֪ҵϹʼ
û̫·
ΣҲǴ֮ӣӱСܵԴԶǷܱģ֮ǰɸѡ̫ɽǷɳǣܺʵҹϹʼԼǼĵġ
ʵϣϹʼΪԼǳԴ죬½磬ֻߵؽСĻôԱȷ
Сѭս
ͷչϡ
ʱ֤ⷽһԶԶ޷ͳ¹ҫȣϹϺʹѡǲɵġ˿̣ΪϹʼš
ʼսɣȽеǵһս
ɽϣܹܵ£ֻǰƽԭϣȻһЩ춯ֳʮ֣ԵŹţγԲεս
һС飬ԪVSͯ
ڶС飬˾VSǧݡ
С飬VSϹʼ

һֱΪ˽ʡʱ䣬ʮСĵһսͬʱС
ţң
ոմϹʼͻȻһ㶣Щ㵵̧ͷһսͱеЩ⣬΢΢ԺԼֵҲ
ǺǺǣܺá



1321 λ
ţһͺͷˣ
һֵĶսгҲЩ⡣
Ϲʼǵˣע⣬˼սȻڲͬ
ֳüͷ΢壬ûлɣֽܹţֶսУȫģĻ˲ݵĿܡ
ϹϷЦЩĿֳһۣ㲻˵ⷽɫǾͿǲʼĶ֡
ϹʼϹġ
Ȼһֱֵļ죬սʱܲʤϹʼҲ˵
սܷ֤ݣشս󣬾Ͳ˶ԷκȤԼҲܳѹֳһ
½֮ˣûдѪϳ֮СطǺǣжٵ̺ʵ
ϹЦ
̫ɽϣһЩ˱Ƚռˣɽʯĵر϶ȼߵˣ߳ԶõҲԽӦþˣռ˺ܴıˣֻϧǲԼչλӰ
ɳǾ͸˵ˣ淨ûκͻƣȻ洫ޱȵ𾪣ǣԺ飬뷽洫ȥʱ춼ûôʱ棬ʵжٱ仯
վڿ͹۵ϣϹҲäĿԴˣҲжƫġ
洫ķֻҪ̫⣬ĳɾͲͣϹʼʲôԵ뷽ȣʱһãٲǷ֡
ֻǷСʱûʱ䣬洫ľ޴תΪʵҲϹʼսʤʱܽĳɾΣϹʼϣ㹻ˡ
ңδĳɾͲͣ˶Եģ𴫳еѪĳ¹ҫǲֵһˡ
¹ҫһѡ񣬵Ȼ¹ҫճνķҲ͵һȥɡ
Щ˼ϹԺ﷭ӿţջΪһЦԼЩڴ
Ϲʼܷڴ

ΧɽϣԸˣҲǷ׷Ȥ
ԭܼ򵥣һսĶʮУֻзһǶӣ㹻˲ڴˣע
Щ棬Ҳв̫ʽĿ̨ϣı־ʱҲ뿴ʵΡ
һҪӮ
ȺУҪ˵ڴӮģȻǳĪˣʵΣҲǺ
ǵһսغʿս޲ʤܵĺƷǳ£˵ĻѭսͲôˡ
ԷǴ콾ɳ
һսͳ
ҡҡͷȴô⣬ٲսȥ
ϹʼһȷȽսȥԵĹâʱʵһ㣬޷֡
Ͼǳ̨֣֮ս϶ǿ̫֤࣬սĹƽ
ţ
߽âֵս󣬷оԼŸ߽Եâ֮ľ룬ͻȻĳ̶ȣŹޱߵĴأ·һ硭
̫ɽЩƣչĹռ䣬ȻϿʵȴǴŵģ㹻˾鷢ӣš
𣿡
սһˣϹʼ˹õȴǿ϶
˶˵ôôţ洫ôôˣǺǣҿʲôǡ
ϹʼЦ˵Ŀ߰ƺڿС˵
̫ʽ磬ڷɳǡһ·ԼôΪˣΪԼ˲𡭡˵һ䣬ʱˣҲˡϾϣ΢Ǳ΢Զ졣
Ǻ֪ļһڽʲôζ
еıͷЩйϹʼо泩࣬ƺԼվڸ߸ϵ۷壬ŷƵģƮƮĸо
ȻǱ棬ʵϣϹʼȴ׼ӭӷ
Ļô裬϶ᵱߣϧһеĽ
һҲϹʼļˣ̨ܵˣʵȥʤģǱ˴˵ľ״̬ŭɱĻʮа˾žͻ
ϹʼһΪйΪ˼ŭ
Ǵ½ԵؽʥԼڻӺؤαֵٳɫҲл֮ȥԱУ˱ϵҲȻΪǿңܲ裬ϵ
ȻϹʼ׼ս֮ʱ
ȴ̧ͷеЩãȻ·Ϲʼ֮ǰĻǶ߷ƵģϹʼ
λ
ƮƮһ仰ϹʼС
ǡǺǡ
˫ȭ͵սϹʼŭݶЩŤ
㣬裬ģ֪˭
ҧгݵĽһִӳݷＷǰδеľ޴ͱӵĸоͷ۾˲䷢졣
ϹʼҪŭʧȥ磬ȴû뵽Լ챻ıˡ



1322 ˲
֪Լ˭
ֱЦҪ֪ս˫ʼǰһĽܣ˵ϹʼһǵһսΪĿսˡ
һûȥЩ޹ؽҪĽܡ
ôڸտʼһսԾʱܸ֪ս˫ɣʱ©
ΪһλϹʼĪơ
̬ȣ˵ϹʼСɫûбҼסıҪһֱԼĳΪϹʼ˵̡
̫ⷽˡɽϣϹһ˸ûʸ졣
ϹʼӣɫȻҲÿȥܿͻָھԵʵǰŲκ⡣
ǺǣⷽҪԵͷˡ
ûս콾˵ĶԻ¶Ź֮ɫǺӸһм˵
ڴˣԬԨ⣬Ⱥ鼤ܣ޲ϳúýѵһͨ
ãܺãɹļŭˡһǿѹеıŭϹʼһһ٣Įޱȵ˵
һ֪ŭҵġ
ȻϹʼĻû˵꣬ͱϡ
ķϻ̫ࡣ
ǰǾλȷʵ֮ìַ֮ܵϹʼһȷʵôϤҲû潻
Ҳνˣܶ˭һ
~
ҽ͵ڵһ̤Ϲʼ֮ľת۱
̧𣬿ֲĻɫ
ɫֵһ̣ΧһжʱʼءʯΧĿռ䣬ɫĿֲ£Ӹϱݻ٣Ťʼ޿תĴ
ֻ𡣡
Χɽϣ˷׷ױɫ
̫ɽϵʱ򣬷ʹ˲ֻһƣҲ˵֪ȻʱĻ棬ûתΪֻ֮ԴֻȻ˴һ
⣬ôܣ̨ϵһɽ壬Ųˣڼʮˡ
̨ǺεڣܶඥܽҲֻȼλˣ˶λɼڵؽĵλ֮ߡ
ʵҲˡ
ɽŵˣĽ֮ǡ
Ϊؽ󶥼֮֮һ̲֮ǣڵؽĵλҲǸߵˣǺܶʮط۵ĶҲԶԶ硣
룿ɽߴһλϵüͷĿ˹
ûû¡ģĽ֮ǵľʣߵѯϷӦЩɵҡҡͷ
ȻУȻǲһ˿ɫ
ģһԵĺ¸ֻûоôʧ̬ˡ
̫ʽʱĽ֮ȥ˲ˣǹעĶвͬΨоʺͺ¸ˣԷӡΪ̣ʵҲΪ˽⡣
Ǵʱı֣ȴǵԤϡ
ôܣ̫ɽϵʱ̫ɽټϴ߶ط󣬻ԭĲֻ𣬲Ŵﵽ˰طĳ̶ȣǣǡ˼޷ƽ
ͺ¸е𾪵ɡ
̫ɽϣֶξһɱ˻ﻯԶŻԳжϷʵﵽ˰ط
ʱʵкܴˮֵġ
ڣһ֣˾̸о˲죬ֲֿƣ뷽ɱԶŻԳʱȡڿɲ̫ɽϣҪǣûд߶ط
£ƣβ𾪡
ѵ˵һڷɳǵ죬ʵôࣿʺͺ¸һۣܴӱ˴пĨ֮ȥĺɫ
˶Էʵ˽Ĳ࣬ȴȻΪ֮ݡ
Ϲϵ͵߬˵ĺâ
˵ķӦûӰ쵽еķϹʼ֣ڷֵһ̣Ϲʼ͸оĪΣ
ķӦҲǲ
̤սʼľһֱţʱ׼֣˷һ֣˷Ӧ
ҹ
ֲϷӿţ·ޱ޼ʵĴ󺣣ų˳ӭ˷ơ
ȻϹʼŵǣϵոճͿʼ˱Ѹ߽⡣
ǿֲĻɫǰǴءڷ飬ռŤڲתı
һпεģεģӲˡ
ܡ
Ϲʼŵĺ֯ķΪոճͿʼ˱ƿأĹڷǰ˶в
Įȶɽ찴
Ϲʼ뷢ʼ˱ϸСƬƮɢ
գϹʼĿУưϡ
~
һӡӡϹʼؿڣţɣڵǿ˲Ļޱȡ
ŵŵ~
һ˳ʮÿһϹʼ³һѪ˳ʮ˶ή
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սĹֻҪһˣͻսǲֵģϾ̨ϡ
ʤ
Ƶľ޷ϣܹܳһսĽ˷һۣսĹâʧһӣһʱϹʼͳս
ͽˣ
˶ɵۣû뵽ܹעһսȻһųڽС
ս̫죬˵ûȴӦͽˡ
˵սһ䣬ͷֳʤ
ƽ߳صԭ
Ŀⶼϣ˾㵣˿־壬ҲĿȣ·𿴵ϡ䱦
ġ̲ס˻ȭͷΪʤ˷ܡ
~
ɽϣϹµʯȻ仯ĩţµʯƾɡ
Ϲϵɫ࣬ѿ˼㡣
Ϲʼˣһ˲ܣԭżڴϹβŭ֮
ܷϹŭ
ϹʼǷ̫ǿֳϵϹɱ˰еЩܡ
ı֣Ҳе⡣
Ҳ̫˰ɣǸϹʼǴˣڷǰôһ㻹ֵضûУΧɽϣ૵
ս֮죬˻ɣǿǲ̨ս
֪ǶʲôǲֻǺεȿ£ȻǷչֳģ֮𣬲Ѿʮֽӽˡһʮط۵ߵ
һؽ֣֪ڲֻ£ǣûаֿȻûκ¶ȣκθ»涼ҪĿ£ǴӸϴݻһУȼߣֻԶԶ첻ɶв
ϹʼʵͲ緽˲ܴټϹʼʹõĵرȼҲԶֻȣֻǰ˵ãûͱ𣬻˲Ҳ֡



1323 ս޲ʤ
ڳˣһˣвٶԣ۹εϬ
һ۾ͿˣϹʼ˲ܵԭ
ʵ緽ʹĵرȼҲڷǰ˵Ǻ޻֮ǹ¡
ֻ𣬵ڵؽ˿µ֣ʥֲŵԽǴ˵һġ
Ȼ߶Ļɫ棬ǲֻģĲֻ𣬿ǵȼҲǲ͡
ٺ٣ҿ˵̫ⷽɽʱ߶ط󣬽֮תĲֻ𣬾ܲܳ־ã֮˹ˣ˵ĲֻҪܴˣûôס
̫ɽʱ򣬷չʾֻȻǾһƳע⵽ҲһЩˣʱ￪ȥҲò˶
Ϊӣʵ顣
ûжˣԷɡ
ǷǱ츳ڵʵΪӡ
Ψһźģһսų̂ˡ

صԭ󣬷û˵Ŀ⣬Ǳ۾
̨ϣܵõ֮µЩ
ȻվžܵõҪ̤ս󣬲ܻá
սĺܿ죬ûиоԼκα仯ҲûнյκεĸϢ
ȵ뿪ս󣬷ȴǸоһЩ仯
۾һƬ
Χһж󣬷͸оһЩֺԼԺ𣬷·ڶߵҪʲôȴ쳣ģС
ǵ֮ĸ򣿿ϧ̫ģˡ΢΢ҡͷ
ϸĻҲ
СҲŴһҲų̂ܵõĸȻ֮٣һ졣
ȫԸתط󣬽ɫתΪɫĲֻĻţһ̨֮һõĸ򣬵ǣûô
ط淨ʹǵһ㣬Էڶתľ˵ҲǼ
ƵʹõĻ㡣
ϾСѭսֺܴÿһȫԸĻôҲĳ
ȻһЩ֣ҲûбҪó
ĺôھ
ֻҪܽڵЩʧ֮ȴȫֵһᡣ
֮Ժ֣˲ϹʼҲǳⷽĿǡ
һսҪ
ΨչֳԼǿʵסˣԺսŻ
һսܿ
Ϊʱޣ̨ŵʱֻʮ죬ѭսǳĶ࣬ÿһսʱƣһʱڣ˶ԷֲʤĻƽճ
ȵ˺ľͲܳƽˡ
ò˵ʸ̨콾ʵǲ󲿷˵ʵǲಮ٣ʹв࣬Ҳʱڷֳʤ
һսյĽǣʤ߳ȫƽճ
ûͣЪڶս̿ʼжʮԽڶ̤ս
ĳ
ÿС鶼һˣһսҪʮÿһսʱʮӣһֱҲҪȥСʱ֮á
һĻֱ
ʮʱʮ֣Сꡣ
ҲЩɻ󣬲ܿˣôһ¡
һսһǧ콾ȫȥսʤԬԨ͵˶սʤ˶֣һУûκһʧܱţҲǳ֤ˣеȷԡ
ǵڶս
Ȼͬʱеսԭʮӵ˶ʮ̨ĳغܴ󣬼ʹֳʮսдƬƬĿհ׵ء
ԭˣһսĳ٣ҪǶȥһΪ٣ôǵӡҲԽ̣ÿ˵ʵٶչ֣ȵ˵ڶ֣֡Ϳʵӳӿˡ˵ͷ˱Ĺ
һսΪ٣ЩǿЩСЩˮЩϣϾ˵˵ȫȷںıУѡԼȤıۿ
Щս˫Ƚͨ콾⣬¾Ͳ˵עˡ
ڶսͲǵһˡ
һսļܳҲΪսи˵콾ʱָ
ֵʱһԶ콾ϹʼҪһЩû˿֣߶ŲֻȻһ棬ͽԷ̭˳ȥ
֣֣֡
ÿһս˲֣ܶûκ⣬ǿʵҲԽԽĿ
֡
С飬VS
Լֺ󣬷ûԥֱӽս
Ǻһӣһʮط۵Ķ
ȷһ볡ʼ󣬺Ҳ룬̷ȥٶȿ쵽˼㣬ٶȻҲͲһأȻԷʹõģӦһóٶȵĵرֻƵ淨߽С
ҳϲĶ֣Ҳҡһߺˣһߵ˵
Ȼ濴ȥսķΧСʵϣȴǹޱߣ㹻ԶԶģҵ
ӿˡɽ壬һ΢Цţǹעŷ֮һ
Ϊһսľ˱֣ⳡսע˷ǳ֮ࡣ
ȷʵٶʵ̫ˣ콾棬ǰéеĲֻȻ£ȱҲԣǾӰķΧޣһӳΧκβˡԱҲǵ˵ͷ
ɵؽֵĲֻҲǴһطʼ˷ɢģγ˿ֲѡ
ǶĳǿƷ֮һ
üͷúóѵĻôԷͲǺˣһҵӦİ취ƽֳһĻ·ѳߡ
ϾһС棬ֻ˲ܳߡ
ĵС飬뷽һȫʤĻв٣һƽ֣˵ˣóĵģǱҵԵİ취
Щ콾ҪôʥҪôԶеԴԶǷܱȵģ˵ͬİ취Ʒⷽ棬ϳܸ֮ʵ̫ˡ
͵ṷ̋ɡϹ϶ݺݵȻϹʼ̫ܳˣǷҲߵĻеŭҲƽϢһЩ
ң¹ҫѾսȫʤƽ֣֤¹ҫҪȷɫĶࡣ
ٺ٣ҿô졣
ΧɽϵĸԣСߣûϳҲעһս
սʤƽȻôɫȴûһⷽҪǱϳƽôҲͲΪˣǺȡһ֮ǵ콾ֱۣ΢Ц
ҴûнǺӵѾԼսսȫʤ



1324 
ΪֶΣܶԸң
һӣ̾ͼҲ֪úɹƽһֵĻôս˵ͺܲˡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ȷʵЩ
ֻΪܵóѣ̫ˡ
Цһû׷ϣȻɫȴǴȼΧһС
һ̣ư
ǰĿռ䣬·ǲƵģưʱ֮ľ룬ӡ˺ǰ
ôܣ
Χɽϣڷ˿ռ룬ưǰʱ˶ʱ
û뵽ȻֶΡ
ͬľԺ֮ڡ
ȻǼٺţȴ۲ŷʲôֶӦǰľ棬վԭûΪüƣʱȴͻȻоһвĵ͵ӿ˳
գһֻȼŻɫ찴ƻʵ죬ϡ
~
ð߷ݰ׷ɳȥѪϹʼһǰӡһӡһЩ뷢ȫ˻ҽ
ʤ
޷ϣܹܵͫ͵£һսĽ
·һ΢㣬صԼλá
ְ취ԸСˣ˶ǵһӿһɴܸС
ʩչģǴ֮޼֮
ӱ˴˼ľ룬Խռ䣬ֱӹˣ޼֮Ŀ֮
ȻؽĿռ伫ȹ̣޼֮ҲԽ̫룬ŷʵܹӵľ룬Զ˸ؽʱ
ңȻû֮淨ҲûͣͲǰڷʩչ޼֮ĻҪƵȣȻܺϰʹãҲ˲СĽ
Ϊ޼֣֮Ÿ壬롣
ķӦ̫죬ûӵ̫Զ޼֮ĴΧڣ˴˼ľ̫ԶĻûʲôˣϾٶȲֱߺ˵Ļ׷ϡ
ܳ֡
˺ӣл룬˵ƽֵֶΣԷЧ
Խռ䣿ʲôֶΣĵرǱģ
ɽϣһ˴Ȥʱ
ĵرֻĵرǺεȾˣԷڵľ磬ͬʱƿĵرֶΣӦ淨һʮطۿ϶˵
ֻǳһ淨ˡϷ׾ͱϲˡ
֮Խ淨޵淨֮ټϣҲóʹãȴûϳ
ط̫ɽܵ淨ټһܿԽռġⷽǲ½磿ôʥ˱ȥ
ؽ֮淨ţ˸е˼顣
ԱĶҲͰˣƫƫͨĴ硭
ô룬벻淨󲿷ֶǣǵ淨ѹãţʮ󶥼硣
ڴЩ淨ȴǳǵ⡣

۾
Χһ˳ţǻֺ𣬻صڷ顣
ÿһսջ񣬱һս󣬴ʱȴҪ٣Ǿ볹ȴȻ١
֮ĸ򣬿ûô׵õ
һֱѵĵط»ǵõ֮ĸпһʼǾ͵õһЩ
ǣ޷⡣
Ҫ֪֮ǳԽʥĴڣģǷģͺӤȥѧϰ΢֣Ͳʵ
ǲŻΪ޷⡣
ҲǺް취
ԽԽ˵ЩڻΪݣȻǰǣ̨ͣʱ乻ãߵĸԶ
пҪ̨
˵֪ЩôǵģҲ֪ʲôʱ򡣡ӵڶսʼģսлսȻôģҲͷֲˣЩôõ
ֻҪ󣬱۾ܸоջ
Ӧһ޷ķʽҲҪҪսؼʱ̵õĻ˵ҷģӰ쵽ս
ҡҡͷƽ۾
ս̨ĵһҲ֮쿪ʼͬʱеıҲӦӡ
սսȫʤĳɼһǧ棬ԼϰˣΪĿ
ϾŸտʼ֣һߺͶϵĻ᲻ҪʤĿҲ󣬵ȵԽ󣬱ʤҲ֮١
һǧ棬Ψжʮ˲ܽ
ϣģɾϰˡ
һûκһ̨Ȼһ콾棬ʵǶڱʵ
ı仯
̫ɽγɵǳɫӣһɹڷתţĵر֮ϡ
ֱ仯÷ȥעȻȻڽš
ʵÿһ̶ţȻڷɳǣû淨ϵκͻƣҲʹڵʵ̫ɽϵʱҪǿ
ˡ૵
һʼڣѾȥһµʱ䣬ֻ£ʵڱƽ˰طʱп̤롣
ʹطͨ״̬£аطʵ
ʱطȻﵽ˰طȻ̨Ҳ÷ڴѡ

ڶ죬ܿ쵽
˵ǲս콾ΧɽϵǿߣǲϢĹսһ꣬κƣ룬ʱϢҪ콾ָԼܽģҲǷǳıҪ
սʼ
ֵʱĶһ꣬Ҳһ
սȻĿսʼ󣬶ʱв˵Ŀ
Ȼû뵽ǣƣڷ֮ǰ䡣
䣿
ʲôôһ
˶ʱȻǻſһսأû뵽˸ɴ࣬һսûС
ûˣܹʤת뿪ս
ǵѡ񡣡һԵ˵ͷ¶֮ɫ
һսӦҲע⵽ˣԣһ־ʹòֻֻ֮˵ˣҪָƶǳļѣֻʵ̫ˣֻҪ˵ĻԽսͻǳ
ԣ˶Ƿ׷׵ͷ
ϹʼǺڽսУֵĶǿ⣬ȱٻֶָκҩǲٻ̫£½֮𣬵ߵ˳̶ȣɵƶԻָ
а취ԸǺҲͰˣûеĻôõѡ񣬻Ǹɴ䣬˵е׬



1325 ǳ̨
̨ϣֻҪսõ֮ĸҲջ
ÿ˵ջ񣬶ͬ
ʤ࣬ƽΣڰ߾΢΢ˡ
ţһʧӰ쵽սõʧܣ䣬ȫʢ״̬ӭսǸõѡ񣬷̨ϣ˲࣬Ҳˡ
ⷽһʼʹòֻ𣬴δʹñֶΣһսͺ飬ѵ˵Ϊñʶһ㣬¿־ӣȻʱǰ䣿һʶľطʻһͻȻ˵
ɣⷽҲ̫ˡ
ܡ

䡣
һ㶼⣬ҲĿġ
ڰ֣ھ֣ʮ֡
սĶһ⣬ȫѡͶȫʤ¼һۼӵʮʤ
ȻѡģҲǷһˡ
һӵˣѡ䣬һսҲ˻룬ʶ˴˼Ĳ󣬾Ͳܡ
϶ӵˣȫ䣬ֻٲֵĴŻͷһ
ʤˣҲ𽥼١
һֱʤôʻߣƽֻһǾͲòһˡ
һС飬ֻܳߣñ˴˼ľȻ
ʮһ֡
VSǻ𡣡ܹܵһĿ䵽˷ϡ
ǻ𡣡
תͷȥԷ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
̫ʽ磬ͬ7ɽϣԵһߣǻԵڶߣǱ˵С飬Ҫ˵ԵֲС
ȻǻȻ룬Ŀгƺս⡣
һսˡΧɽϣ˶¶˸Ȥɫ
֮˵ȻΪǻʥʮ졣
ʵϣǰʮУʥһ԰׻֮ǣǻĳۡ
ҲʥͶ֮ǵĳߵˣԽ϶࣬ǲÿһˣǺӡ¹ҫʵģ󲿷ϹʼҲû̫Ĳࡣ
ǻȴһ
ͷһǶӣҲǱʤ֮һ
һˣΣһս󣬿϶һ˵ʤսᡣ
ǺǣʣǻʤʮˣȻָ֧ǻ
δأ̫ɽϣǻڷġ
˵˵̫ɽĽ˵ʲôǻʵȷҪǿ١

۷׷ףָ֧ǻУַ֧ҲС
ڵȵһ̡Уǻŷһ֤㲻ҡ
̫ɽϣԵڶߣԸǻ˵һԭĿǵһڻ
Ҳ뷽һս֤Լ
ȻǰʮսıַǳˣҲȥڷɳǣ޵淨ͻƣģľ˱֣ҲŲס
ΨһҪעģǷط
طҲû㣬ûдʯط޷־ãǻȻ֪һ㡣
ҲȡʤĹؼ
̫ɽʱҾڴһսˣû뵽ϵڣҺҲ١ǻսܡ
Ϊ˱֤ߣϵھŲʱûж֣͸ǻ˵нֵĻᡣ
һսʱȥһ£˵ʵǸ
ҪӮҵĻó汾ɡǻ
ͻȻЦ
Ҳá
ɫ棬ӷڷĴ߶£ԽԽֲΧһУͬʱǻǹʢǹ׺գȻγһſǳɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ʮ淨𡣡Χɽϣ̾ϳ˸ǻʹõ淨
淨ţһ㣬Ѿƿʱпͻơ
ȵȣܣϵĴѪȻѵ˵ǳѪ
ԶԵ۹⣬ǻһ֣ǣ̾Ͳ³ࡣ
ʮˣǵЦ
ѪѪ֮䣬Ҳв࣬ǻ𴫳еǳѪȻ޻ѪҪǿһ͵ľѪ൱
ֻԸǻĳСܵԴȴܱȵġ
ǳѪϣѾɳ˼Ϊµĵز
¡~
͸ǻ£ͻȻ͵һһ貹â·ǳɵľ޴ֳ̨
ͬʱ͸ǻӰ˲䴫ؽ硣
ڵؽܿ͸ǻ𣬵Ȼʱֵǳ̨˵ӰǷǳģ
̨
ڵڶ죬
ǳѪӦǳ̨ѵ˵ע˸п
ǻǳѪһ˵Ŀʱ˹ȥû˻ɣǳ̨ȻǸǻġ
עһ㣬ҪøǻͷӮʤ
ʮˣǴΪ⡣
ʦ֣ġ
ɾĴܷ
Щûսʮ콾ǴΪǻͺȲʡ
ȵȣЩԡ
̾䣬һʮطͻȻ



1326 սʤ
̨ϣһ޴ֳ̨͸ǻ
һ̣Χɽϵˡûս콾ͬʱеսеˣҲ˰֣Ȼ˹
ǳ̨
սеڶʱڳǰ
ֺľ޴̨һǹҫ·Ǻӣ̨Χתޱȡ
һʱ䣬˵Ϊ֮ᣬȻ˲ķĸо
վǳ̨ϵķ͸ǻԡںƵǹ֮УͬДٳǳ̨ĺƴǻûǳϣǹģϣԶԶˡ
ͬʱ͸ǻӰҲǴؽ硣
̨ʼźţڵһͱؽ֪һ춼ûʲôµĶʱǳ̨ĸ֣λ콾վڸ̨϶ԾĻ棬ӳ˵۽硣
ֻҪ̧ͷܿϣλ콾š
ʼˣܿˣ
һ죬չûʧ˭ô
ؽҲ֮һϾǴؽһУΪ۷ս
˭
֮ˣڲ²ս˫ݣ˵Ӱ̫ģȴԿС
̨Уǳ̨ͼģڵؽֳӰǳģ
ȵȣ԰˵Ӱôе㲻һ
Ƭ̺󣬺ܿ˲
Ȼ˵ӰǺģһ˵Ӱ˵ȴҪһЩϡֱܷ壬Ȼһȴǳ׵ģֻһӰ
ô£
ԭģڵؽ磬Ҳֻмһˡ

Щԡ
̨
ȻԾֳǴؽӰȻǵ۹⣬ȴϲ
˵ǳ̨ʮĸǻģչֳطĲΣôͻܵѹơһλ૵Ŀǳ̨ϵ˼ɨţɲ
̨˵ҫҲζʵĺô
̨һ˶ܵȥģûʸóȻϣܵѹơ
˵̨ϣǿԽǿԽ
Ϊǿ̨ǵ
ǻǳѪһ淨һʱˣû˻ɣǳ̨ģǸǻ
ǴʱĿȥȴվǳ̨ϣȼŻɫ棬̬ݣûһ˿һܵѹƵľ
ѵ˵ⷽҲڲ֪䣬ʵ˰طĳ̶ȣǳ̨㣿
ʱɫ䡣
ϾһЩˣ֪طţڲ淨ܴﵽطĵزطأ
Ҫ֪ĸǻ淨Ѫʵ
ʶһ󣬲˶ǵһ
Ȼ֮ǰսУı쳣ˣӽ˰طǣһ֮ҲǾ޴Ĳ࣬طĳ̶ȣǽȻͬģ䣬⻹ڷкֵ¡
һӲţʵ¶ࡣʮˣȻԸϡ
ԸǻΪ˽ĸףʮһλʮطۣûлǸǻǳ̨
ȻԸǻʵָƣǣǲμǧʢǰ
̫ɽھŲ㣬ǻõ˲ٺôʵҲнټڷɳǵͻƣʵԼ֪
ԭǻʵطͼΪӽˣͻƺ󣬳ɹ̤һ磬ҲǺ顣
Ȼȴûжע⵽貵ǹУǻɫģȴǱĲ԰壬ʼ΢ɲš
~
ǻͻȻûǳҲɲǼųҫ۹âһǰȻɱ˷
ʦּͣǳ̨
ƯӮʤɡ
ʮ콾ʱȲʡ
վǳ̨һˣĿ䣬ɱĸǻȴûκζ
ˡ
϶Ǳǳ̨ѹƣá
һĻʮʿǴǡ
ȴ¶һ˿Ц
ŵڣҲൽ˰ɡ
ͬʱǻ嵽˷ǰɫҲǵһʱϡ
~
ǳԵһҫ۵ǳȻ䱬鿪Ϊ˻Ӱ
š
~
һŽһŵǳȻ飬֮䣬ǳ׷飬ڻڸǻϵǹɲǼ˵˼¡
~
·ǱһƵɽݺѹ˱ϣǻһģ͵һѪϵѪɫҲһʵһɶ
ͻһĻ·һˮӭͷ£ʮ˶סˡ
ǻڵĶ֣嵽˷ǰȻ󡭡Ѫˡ
Уָûжһ¡
ҡ䡣ǻͷȥûܿı飬ٲģΪ˽սҲǲò䡣
ûж֣͸ǻ֮ûʲôԹҵһѳɣþղ
ʤ~Ƭ̵ĳźܹ˷ʤ
ŷҫޱȵǳ̨ʧ͸ǻһǰһ߳ս
Ⱥ󻩡
ʱǲ׹ôһ¡
ǳ̨ģǸǻ𣬶Ƿ
ܼ򵥵ĵ˶ǻҫע⣬ȴǺ˷
ǻʵ۷ʱ̣ȷʵܴﵽطĳ̶ȣͺͷתطһҲ޷־ã̤һ磬ǳֵ̨ʱڸоǳ̨ѹƣòԼ
Ȼ޷־õ֪Ų˶ãòһҲŬ
ֻֻʵ̫Եһ̤Χ̾ܵӰ죬Ӷ۷廬䡣
ǳ̨ѹƽཻ£ԭͼΪǿĸǻҲ֧Ųס
˵ڷǳ̨һ̣Ѿˡ



1327 
˵Ŀ⣬ڷϡ
û뵽ʵȻﵽ˾磬ǲ֪ܲܳ־ãͨ״̬£̤طľ磬Ǿͼˣһӣʮ˲硣һɽϣһλʮط̾
⡭Ӧȫʵ˰ɣʹתط󣬿Ҳǿ̫ࡣ
Ҳлɡ
ΣʵʵΣȴ֪
Ȼǳ̨ԸǻʱսʤҲΪսʤ޷жϳ
пܣʱ״̬͸ǻһҲʱ޷־ãֻȸǻֵʱ
ΣҪȽսչܵóۡ
ʮǸǻֵܼľһЩҲǶ࿴巽һ㣬ϧˣŲסˣлɣҲǲòһƴĻᶼûС
˽̸ֵŸոսһսҲǿսʲҲߵһ
ʮ˵ɫͲôÿˡ
ǻһܣζʮǧʢϣºѸһˡ
ؽʮ죬ʮδرȻɽ˲ųһ棬ǻȴʮǿһڷɱĿԾ΢΢ˡ
ʮһӵ콾ʥֻʮ첻С

ǳ̨ȻãΪѹƶ֡
صԭأҲ˼
ǳ̨˽⣬֪չ̫٣ܹҲ޾ϸȫ˵
Ǻӵˣ϶̨֪ã֮ǰȴδʹù
~
˼뵽ͻȻһ޴̨սл֡
ǳ̨ڶγ֡
һΣǳ̨ĵڶγ֣ĺ䶯ҪСࡣ
Щ̧ͷֺֻӴ̨ϣǺˮһĶֺ˳⡣
ڷսûãǺҲ볡
~
ĿǺͶһƵ漴˻ȥ
ɫ䡣
ǺӶڵС飬֮䣬һս
ԭǺӲκ˷һΣǳ̨ԣΪƣֵҲǺʾǳ̨ʾ
ҡҡͷǺӵƣ⡣
ֻΪʲǫ̂ȴͨˡ
һǧ콾棬ʸ̨ˣʱ٣Ҵ󲿷ֶ͸ǻһҪȫԸǶýУǷǳĻ
Ǻӵˣ̨ģҲһЩ
ֻ䣬ҲûбҪǳ̨вĵʱ¾ˡ
ȻǸǻĶӣǳ̨ʮֱҪˡ
ջ񣬷۾
һսսʤ˶֣ǳ̨ҲǺڴܵõĺô
ֺڶ쳹·ڵԶȵһսʱţԽԽͬը졣
~
ǰһ㱣ΧͻȻʧһɶǰУһɫֳ
޷Զ˵һҳӡ˷۽硣
֮ԡ
Ǳ顣ͷĿɨȥԽԽ𾪣ⱾֻУֻ֮ʱʶһ
ߣǵ֮һӣûн޵֮ȴ˵֮һЩۣĵãԼճ¡
һΣ֣ǶȴǾ޴ģʼ޵ıʡ
ĳɾͣ˵ڰ˼֮ΪʥкҪԭ򣬾ⱾĴʹˮɡ
ûǱȫһֱǷеźȴǳڷǰ
̨ϵջ񣿲ԣӦֻջȻʱҽٵһ֣ʣµȴûʧ޷ķʽڱ
̨ϣܵõ֮һЩ
򵽵ʲôܱģ̬ö֪
ǷϣЩȴǻǱݡ
Ŀȥһֳָ֮һе֣̺Ŵֱָ޵ıʣ΢Դ壬ʡ÷𶯡
ⲻǫ̈̄ϵջ
ģŷʵԵ޵ȻȻܿݣҲŬĳɹ
֮ԡ
֪䣬жһִдΪ޷ŵĶ˽ȥ



1328 
ǹʣ߲Ѷȥ
һ꣬ͣصԺŷж·ǻһȪӷһıϴĸо
֮󣬷ƽ
ϣжѾӵʮ֣Ȼֻռȫƪ֮һȻһܸͨоԼľı仯
Ȼ濴ȥûκα仯һֱ仯
ĿȥϵһЩȻ⡣
֪ΪԵޱĸΪվ˸ߵĲϣ¶Ȼ°빦ơޣԭô򵥡ĸо
ȻҲһ죬ڵı仯ȷʵУʮֵС
ҪһжԼϳָݣĻۣԽԽתΪʱ䡣
û̶֪Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ǳϿ֮ǰû̫ʱĸһЩ
ǱǵӳڷҲж
ڱĿ˼̨ʵ̫ˣÿ˶ץ˻ᣬҪõջֻõģȴȣǷֱӵõ΢Դ塢ֱָޱʷŵģ¸Ǿ޽С
ʮ֣ʮ֡
ʮսûһһӣĶ־ѡ䣬żвҪƷʤ񻰣Ҳֻܡ
ʤҲۻ˶ʮʤ
һ콾棬ʤҲѸټ٣ֻʣʮˣȫһӡ
ʮˣ϶ʵǿޱȡ
ʵϣ⿿ĻҲһֱʤڣȻʮõĻȷʵпϵĶֶǺǿ콾
ûǿʵôҲͶһսչзʱ򣬲һֱʤ
ʤģûߡ
С飬ҲֻзǺӱʤˣ⼸ӣһ
ʮпʹӱ
һͣ£ŵĵ֮һ¸ոտ˸ͷ
ûֵսʱ򣬷ץʱ䣬һжԼԵޱʵ⡣
ÿһսϵ֣ʮһ㡣
֮ǰһӶ֣ӵȻǲֵһᣬҲǺģûǰǳʱĻۣЩսҲǶԷ䣬ûһǳ̨ջȻȡ
ţֵˡɫһȫжоѹ
ڶʮսҲǵڶһ֡
һս
㡣֣Ҳ΢΢һ
εĶֲǱˣǷ׵ϣ˴ӳѡʼȻ̫ɽһֱ̨ϵıһ
ΪָԵʣȴһζûн֡
ҲĶ֡Զ̹ȻûаĲ˼
ԷֳʵϲĶ֣һ顣
ǣû䣬ҵķܽҵȫһ䡣ϳ
ǰ꣬вʤп
ڳѡ֮ǣʱϾͶԷȤҲϣǧʢ뷽нֵĻᣬʱʮ㣬ΪԼ
Ȼ̫ɽϵľԼ̨Ϸı֣ȴʶ˱˴˼ľ޴࣬Ҳ֪ԼҪսǺεȵĲ
ڷɳͻƣϺڵǻ𶼲磬ο
ûҪֻܷϣܺͷһС
áϣ˵ͷҲ֡
ԣ϶ʱ˿
֮ǰսǲˣ˸ǻ⣬޲Ĳֻشĵģսʧܺ󣬻Ӱ쵽սзĳŵڣȴ˿
ָ̡΢΢һϵ̱߶ڵĵر
¡~
ҫ۵ĵâϱɲǼ䣬ΧĿռߣ˵Ŀֲ
ǿ룬һ޴Ĺµ֡
·ģԦϵһȣµЮâȻ˷
˾˵ĹȻѾﵽطļ£ò콾ǺȻɫ
飬ȴûжٱ仯
һָȼŻɫ棬ĵµ
ŷָΧâ׷ɢţµıԵѸٱֱͬһ㣬ɿӵȫ
ɳɳɳ~
Ŀ£ƾ˵µתۼͻҷ𣬻ΪΡ
ָһգûм
ˡƬ̵ĳźϿڵһսķڷ
ܹʤȺ߳սȻΧɽϵ˿ŷȴЩɲ
ʵƺˡ



1329 
ڳˣǺεһ۾Ϳ˷ʵǰ仯
Ҫ֪ҲʲôߣȻûΪӣȫһ£ﵽطļ£һЩӵ콾Ҳ˿
ǳ̨ΪԼѹٻĻҲͰˣǷûС
һָͱϵĹһûǳ̨
ľģǷּ䣬־ζ·
ʵ˵һֱʵΧɽϣ૵
߽пܡ
Ȼһֿܣ˸ео
ʵ˵һֱĶ֣ǻڣƲʵǿʮҲˡ
һֿܣʵš
ȻҶ̨֪ϣܵõ֮һЩǺҪھ׶ΣǰȻСʱܵõȴûж򣬸ʵˡ
ʷϣͻƣͻͽϸȥĻףЩͻͽĴ󲿷ֶʵģдͻƣ֮١
ľ磬ʵƵ
תʵܴﵽطĵزѾƵǰһľ콾ˣһϼѡ
ߡ
ǺӵɫʱоˣԷв
صԭ󣬷û˷ʱ䣬жսʤϣǶһ֡
սʤϵɣȴǺ⡣
ǼʶϵĲ࣬ŶԵޱʵ˽⣬ϵĹڷ©ٳȫһȻ£Ȼʽ仯ȴʮֵӲҲкԭ
û׼ʱ䣬ȫһʩչ
ǰĻδܿʽе©ʹĳҲãڣȴ
ǿԷ©ãҲǸӵľ׼ЧӳΪǿ
죬ݵϢ̨ıС
ڶʮ֣ڶʮ֡
ȵ̨ĵСıѾʮೡСҲǲԶ
С棬֮ˣѾϡ
Ķ֣ѡ䣬ֻϵλΪӵ콾ϣѡս
Ȼһȫ˷£ûһˣ÷ǳ̨
ʤҲѸʮս޲ʤ
Ϊֹܱһսģֻʣʮˣ˷⣬ȫһӵʮˡ
ųӣ汣ȫʤ¼ˣٵķԽԽ
ҲǺģʵˣǰս޷ȫʤƾжֵļʣȻҲǲߡ
Ӷʮֵʮֻ֣˱ֲסȫʤһ⣬ȫãСеһӣӶܼ
תۣ͵˵졣
ҲСһ죬ʣıһڱꡣ
һıҲźܴڴ
ǰ죬ѹսӶ࣬ƾеı٣һÿһСڵǿǿԾ޿ɱ⡣
ȫʤˣȻ٣ʮС棬ֻʮ˱ֻ֣٣ܶࡣ
ڴӦСʵһˡ
С飬С͵ھС飬СҲͰˣС飬ȻǿԾ²Ⱦ١
ʣСλȫʤ콾һȻϡ
뿴ģǷǺӣǿ
ֻǻʧδػȫ֣Сƴһ̫ǣǰִξϵĻһѡԱ֤ܽ
˼ǣǼǺӵ˵ʱ򣬻ѡ
ҵĻ϶ᡣ

˵ۣڴ
û뵽Ȼһ̨ʤʮҪ֪ȫԶ֮ǵ콾
ĳɼǹʶĿ󶥼֮ǲˣºϳ֮ǱȻõĪĺôͽ
ܽĻ
һ뵽е뷨ҲƲסܹվ۷壬õϵٹ⡣
һҪͰ
ĬĬ
һգ֮Ρ
Ľֳݶ꣬ͻȻɫ΢۾ʱԬԨӲԶ
һʼԬԨͻص˴Ӫûٹ
ΣģҲ·Ŀбӣھʱȴ΢΢һ١
СģЩҪ㡣
˵һԬԨתͷ뿪



1330 
ԣ
üͷ΢壬û׷ȥѯʣǺӵ˵ķλ
˵ҪԼĻǿ϶СָľǺЩˡ
Ҫңҳߣ
̨ϣǱȽϹµģϳ֮ߣֻһ˳ߣûͬ顣
ڸ󶥼ˣǵС콾ųŷ
̬ȣڶѪĽԺ
½磬ûдκѪˣǵһȣȲǴеġ߹Ѫ·ֵٳɫҲˡ
ǿһʱǿһ
ǵؽγɵĴͳٹ̣ûдѪˣҪϿɺѺѡ
Ϊڱܾ󣬾ûǿתѡͣߣһ¹ҫճ̾ͿЩȫֹµľ
ڣ̨ңڲ¾ʮְˡ
ҪԷĻǲܡ
۳󣬷󲿷ʱ䣬жޱ֮УûйĹעˣǺӵʲôжȴ˿֪
ԬԨͨ籨ţı䲻˱Եʵȴ÷ǰ׼

ʮ֡
С飬VSФ־
ܹܵһ߽ս
Ф־һ콾ʵȴǿ˵һӱˣʹ֮϶Ҫһ
ǰ죬ֵϷֱͨѡͶ
һΣФ־ȴûа˼
ҲĶֻ֣ҪҵȫһϾ䡣һϳФ־Ц
˵ǣһޣӦĻҲҪȵȫ֡
ΪԳв磬Ҳ˼ܾȻҲĶ֣ôҲһЩϣФ־ЦݣȻȴǰЦ
ǿҲסսġ
ȵʮʮսеĻûʤ
ţ
üë΢
ûԬԨͨ籨ţô쾯ҲҪȵೡս󣬲ŻᷴӦ׼ȴһ۾ͿФ־Ŀġ
ʲôЦȻܻ棬ңң
ȼŻɫƣֱӴԽ˿ռ䣬Ф־ǰ
Ф־ɫ䣬ȻҪӦ䣬ȴ̫ˡ
~
Ф־߷ݰ׷ɳȥŴ飬¶һɫӡڰУеѪͲҪֱӷɳԶǱֵĵڵأɫһӲ԰׵˼㡣
㣬úݡФ־۾ͨ졣
ĮȼŻɫһΰû˿ԥ
Ҫң䡣оһвͷФ־󺧣Ҳѡ䡣
ٽӷһƣ¾Ͳôˣ˵ĸӰ쵽δĳɾ͡
ʹڣܵƣĶʮսҲʤˡ
ţֻǵһ滹кܶˣΪܳˡһݻФ־뿪
ҵǡɨһǺӵˣջĿ⡣
½Ķʮ֣Σкξ壬ϰˣУӲɱһѪ·
ˡ
֮ߣǺӵ
һۣԼФ־϶Ѿǵļƻ
ͨ籨ţ϶ǴǸԬԨǺԣһӵɫ
С棬ҲдˣԷļƻҲҪһλ콾ϣʱй¶˳ԬԨ
쵰֮ǵ˶ʱŭԬԨǴˣҲǺް취
ˣҲʲô£ܷǲǰ֪ǵļƻҲ޼¡
ؼԸϣҪġ
ǰ֪Σսϵĵ˶ȫԸܻҲ޿ɸĵġ
ӵš
˵ı޴ӻ⣬᲻ǰ֪壬𲢲
ǰ죬ǲɿˣΪҪΪıǣڷֵ̫ǵȵһ죬ȴǲǣҲߣ̨ϵõĺôҲѾˡ
һɿһЩô׾
Ͼһ½֮Сڶǵһγߣ˶ȥÿ˶ƽ͵ġ
ΨһĵģǺ̫磬ʵĲ࣬ĻܽˣӭܵĻ˺ֹüͷ
԰յ飬˳򣬲ա
ûлġǺĿ䣺һͶĻᣬС
ǾûˡɵЦ

ʮ֡
ϳ󣬶̸һѪ⣬ͬʱ
Ѫƴ淨úݵֶΡΧɽϣϳ˴ʹõ淨
һʹã̻ǣ˺ʹߵ壬Ҫָܻƴ
Ŀһ䡣
̾׹Щ׼ıϧһдѻˡ
ƴҳȫ㡣
ֻȼ𣬷ѸһɳԷɽײһ
ǶԵ޵ıʸ˽ڣҪĹҲס
ǳ̨Ļˣĵ
~
ҵײУһ˶ԷϣֲʱѪˣϼˣҪ׻ָҪʱ䱶
ʤ
һо֮СӴЦΪ֮ǰĺֶΣסˣȴ֪ԽôԽἤ˵ĶԿʶǶ˵ʲô˶ϷʱȫԸġ
ı㲻ģ䶨ˡ
ȻϣļսУϷһ⣬ȫȡҵƴֶΣѪ淨
ǺεԼĽ׿ʤʧ󣬷ֶԽݣԽ׼ǵķУҪ
ڰʮ֣һλӡ
ԷҲΪŭһʼʹƴֶΣȻǳ̨̨뷽ʮغϺ󣬱һƺǳ̨˴
ô
½֮ˣҲ˲񡣡
λӵ³õСʣȫŭˣǺĿ⣬Ҳǳɱ⡣
ɱ
ҾͲţһֱսҪʩڱϵģͳͳȥ
͵Сˣֱӳˮݵ
̨ˣӼҲƴ֮ԵģķֶҲԽԽ
˴˼䣬
ڣǾˣо˫Ļ𱬷Χ



1331 
ԾСǴˡ
Χɽϣɻ
СսǶһʼûΣսԽңȴв˽Ʒζ˲Ծĵط
͵СˣмȻһ޴ĺ蹵

սȭͷսϷĿԽԽ䣬Ĳ֪䣬Ҳǲ˺ˮ

һΪеĵģԬԨû뵽ķӦ˼ңñ˴˼ٲκЭĿܣ֪ˣͲѷˣ˫ĶԿصز
ѵ˵ȥͨ籨Ҳǵı֮ǵķӵĿǺЦԬԨжʱһͻоһɳǱ
ЦЦǸеʮֵ⡣
һоա
޴޴ı֣ӸеʧԭΪúεֶƾ֣֪İ취ʵ䷴
ѹԽҲԽҡ
ȴǸһƵģһᣬȴȺ鼤ܣ˴˼ûתء
յԽԽɣǺϳջʤʱ򡣡ӳ־
ʵ㣬ͱ̭֣ԳҲָ
ĵģǺӵĳߣǺ֮ǿˣҲϣڵ
ҪߣȻҲҪԹʶĿ̬
Ȼʵչ¶ȴһСвҲߵĻƱػȥǺӵĹʣֶþΪ÷ߡ
ڵľƷչȫԤϣĻá

ڰʮ֡
֮ˣڻ֣٣ǧ֮ұֻؽ֮衣һվǳ̨ϣŷŭȡ
˵ĺá
в˶á
·ų̂ʮ˾ۼһΪӵĻȲʣⷬ˵
ǻͷԣ˿߷ͷ⣬һԭ򣬾Ǹں
ǿڲ緽ûʲôǴѪƻὥķӳʱ򣬾ܽ˦ں棬ԶԶ
ˣΡ
ǴеѪĳ¹ҫˣ֮ˡ
˵ǲǹ˵㰡һ
˵ģһĵꡣ
Ⱥ鼤ܵķΧУⲻгĻȻǷǳۣ˶ʱŭĿ˹˵˭󣬵ûʲô˷
ⵥ꣬ȥЩСʵʵȴǲȻһλӡ
ĿǰսҲǰڵСİУսǰé
ǿҪİҲܹ𡣡Щԥ˵ҵĻôҲðɵġ
ҶʢһʱѹסƢҲ֡
Ļһ˳Ĭ¡
µҲݲˡһ˵
ߣǱ½֮ˣ͵ˣƾʲôҶԸ߹Ƿ𡣡˷Ӧҡ
Σ˫֮ĶѾγɣһ仰ܸıˡ
̫ˣʮսûһǺöԸģǳ̨
Χɽϣ˶üͷ
ôƵĳս֪֮ȻڻôĳûиߵĸоһƾеĶ֣̻ⷽ¶
ȥ·߶Ѱ
ؼʲôʱǺˣһҲνˣҲֻһܳߣƴҪܷĿȴߡ
һǺӣôܣҪĻ϶ǰˡ
۷׷ס
С鲨ıСǰӿĿʱǶ˳
ܷߣؼһǺǳ
ʲôʱϣһսʤԵĵȣһУ˫ĶϵĻһսҲСУҲҵһ
Ƶɽϡ
ܹܿǰĹĻֳʮÿһһС顣
ÿһսµս˫档
ھʮ֡
Сڣһոսûãֳָ
ţ
ս˫ܹ΢΢һ㶣ս˳ɵģƿأҲǴʱ֪ս˫˭
Ŀ·ķСΪߣȻһ
ףСһôû
ܹܵ΢һ㣬̾ͱ˲Щˣʶ뵽һֿܡ
ǲǣ
Ƭ̵ĳź˵Ŀע£ܹܵ
С飬VSǺӡ
һ̣ȫ



1332 
ˡ
ʵһսˡ
ȫ˲䱻ΧɽϣĿⶼ˹УСҲ׷ײĿ
¹ҫһӣҲĿ
СеıȴûеС㼤ңԼ˻ԡ
ھʮ֣ǿ԰ɡ
֮ߣư죬õĻٹϷҲһЩȻڵĻҲˡ
Ǻǰսʮ˳ûһͶȫӲӲ
Ȼܶʵ㣬ƴҲĲ˷Ҳʵǿĵ
Цţսʮ˳󣬷ûκģеۡ
˵ˣʹһǧʢУΪҫ۵ĳ¹ҫ
ѡô죿һ֮ǵЩĵǻôΪ̭
Ȼȴһ©ֻҪѡ䣬ܿǺӵһôսӮ滹Ǻܴ󣬽һĻСڶγߡ
ȻǺӱ̬÷ͶĻᶼûУһʼͶĻȴ޿κΡ
Ρӵʣû䣬ǲǺܺ˿ǺӣԴأǺӿԲߣⲻǵĿ𣿡
һ㶣漴Ӧ
֤ǺȫʤߣҪĿģڷ̭ܽĻãҲûʲô˵ġ
ôѡǶ䣬ҿⷽûвսĿܡӿ϶˵

Ͷô죿
ʱΧɽϵˣҲʶһ㡣
ƽĶۣһսǺĶ֣ȷʵûʲôʤ㣬Ϊ˱֤ߵĻͶսõѡ񣬲һڴһսͿˡ
ξûܸıˣҪͶĻҲûκΰ취
һ̣˶Ϊʮа˾ŻѡͶˡ
Ŀ£Ǻˣֱ߽ս
еӵĻͺǺӴһ۸Сʲô˸Ҫ
ҿҲǸث֡
һЩ𣬴󲿷ֶԱشˣǶǱӵԹҪǺǰܡ
ǺǡͻȻЦܶ˶ΪһͶɣֻҪʧˡ
ƽ˵
ʲôǺѾɱԬԨд󼱣ֹֻ˷
ֿЦ𡣡Цд󶨡
ûѡͶʣ½֮ˣĸǿңԲ䡣
Ȼ˾Ǿ׼ɡǺǿҵĹâи
ЦЦ
ǵļƻһʼҾͿ͸ˣҪƾ֣Ҳûа취̫鷳˰΢Ц˵
ִݲȵζĸо
ʲô˼ǺüͷЩ׽͸̬ȡ
ʲô˼Цܼ򵥣ڿӣȻҿԲȥôѿӶںˣڵô㣬Ҳ಻˼ǹǵһ⡣
ⷬһ˵˵жʱȻϵЦ粻
Ц֪Ǹ㻹׳𡣡Ǻ
ҡҡͷֻǲʧˣһĶƴȻҪúõĻرǡ
ʲôһɺ͵ӿӵͷ
֪֪һУıûнİ취ơ뷨Ժ︡ȴ޷Ӱġ
֪Լˣ֪֪ʲô³ǣȫԥˡ
ЩҪƴǣķÿһ˶ˡ
ԭΪµıߣƲס
ڿȴǹΪ֮Ҫ˶ֶ֪Ρ
˴Ҳ֪Ǻӵɱ⣬ȴûаͶ뷨
ӵɫ·粻ͻȻ͵վϻ֡
Ǻɫһ飬׼ȴ΢Цźһ
ţһâӷӿ˳ˮкذǰȥϣһſŲԴεݸֳҡҷʢ
ıһӴĹֳţ̹
ǡΧɽϣϳ˷ֵĹ
ӷĻѾвʶ϶еƣȻһ֣Ǹе𾪡
Ȼӵɫѿ˼㡣
ˣʲô
괫˵еĹڵؽһأ˲֪꣬Ǵأʮط۽붼ΣյĵطӲţٳһ
ĵرһЩĵرȴŲŵȽס
еĵر֮һҲǷһơ
ǿĵرһǲֻһˡ
һֱûб¶ó
ָܵӴ
ǺȻһ㣬ŭһܶʱһƵӣ渡ɽ쳾󣬴ƵУһӰӿǿϢ
Ӣٻһ淨Ǻ˵һĴԲʺ淨ĵرʷӡȻģȻǿĲ˼飬ǺӶѪ
Ǻһ֣̾ͱ˿˵ϸ
һӰʷڹǿߣʱǺٻ
ҲǺǧʢϵһȫ֣ǿĲ˼顣
¡
ϣһҫǹ̨֣ǳ̨һһΣȴûκ˱ʾ⡣
ǺĹ£ǳ̨ǹ¡
Ȼǳ̨ѹ£ϵķȴûа״˵ʱʵҲﵽ˰طĵزûбѹơ
ɱ~
ʷ۵ӰȻһǿϢ˲Ŀ
ططȻаط
𾪵ǣЩӰһ⣬ȫطʵҶطеǿߣһˣʵﵽ˰ط
~
⾪˵ĹӴ֦Ȼ޷Զһ֦ͬ޼᲻ݵƲ񷣬ӿм
~
һӰ֦Ϊ˻ӰɲǼճһƬ
ȻΧɽϣ˶ǵһԭΪ۳ģǵԺʱ֣
Ȼ͵ؽǿž޴Ĳ𣬵ʣǷȱ
һĵر±߶£ҲֻһҪôǹҪôǻָҺкܴࡣ
ȻڷȴǱĽȻͬ
~
Ӱ׷ױ飬ǸǿӰҲʮ֦סһʱѲͬʱԡڲâеķ״̬Ѹٻš



1333 Ǻ
úݡ
ǳ̨ϵľƣɫࡣ
ǿĻָֻҪʮط۶пľش֪ǺεȵĿ¡
ĵرȻҲ̳һ
˵֣ԲʲôսһƣȻصڣЦԼΪüƣû뵽һЦƼͱȥЩشˣǰװˡ
뵽ӿһɺ⡣
óôҲͲƴˣûô緽˵˿ӣӻѹס
Щ˵ĺ⣬»תƵϾԷɿġ
һУ̫ˡ

䣬״̬ٻָ
˵еһһλʮط۴˴ָָĳ
еĵرﾳԶԶ磬괫˵еȫûȣǶԷ״ָ̬ȴͼӰЧ
ʮ˳սҲˡ
~
طӢ鲪ȻŭӶеĳꪣһ֦նϣȻµĻָѸסӢ飬ǰٶޱȻ
Ӣ飬֦Ĺ£׷ױ飬
ǺӵĿ⣬淢䡣
~
ƵʷУһ޴Ĳ𣬻ٿȻͣ٣ֳһ޴ս˫ҵսţϵȫ˼սӰ
ǺӵָȻָ
Ǿ޴սУһӰȻתͷһʷӣȻɱ
һطӢ顣
⻹ûꡣ
ǺӵָֻսϣһӰ̤ʷӣһ⣬ȫǰطӢ顣
һʱ䣬طӢ飬ٻ˳
һкǺӵɫҲһӲ԰Ȼļ
طӢ飬ʼһǿӢ飬ɱ
ǿȻٻһӢ˶ǴΪ𶯡
Ǻӵʵ̫ǿˣһӣǧʢǿʮ֮һһ֮ȻܿλطЩӢ鶼İطмֵܵ˹
~
Ӣһ볡̵ңһ֦жϣ˿赲ˣת۳嵽ǰ
ɱ~
𱻾ʱӢһԾеĳꪺݺݴ˷еĻϿ»һ
ȻʱһֻȼŻɫƣӢǰ
~
Ӣ鱻һƺɳȥҲǱģ
âɲǼ˵һɶ޴ĹҲʧĿ䣬ɱӢ֮С
һĹѾָ˲٣㹻Ǻӹƽһսˡ
ɫȼƣûнֲֿıͶȻ٣Ӣһ⣬Щɢ
ЩֻطʵӢ飬ǸոճֻΧʹͷŻ˷ɻҡ
ֻһеԣЩʷٻûʵӢ飬Īɱ
طʵӢ飬Ҳ˿κβ˷
ǵ壬ÿʱÿ̶ڱɢ
~
ȻһӢӲ˺룬ڰУͳױ
ӢһԭͲľ棬ʱֳһ浹
תۣһӢ
Ƶ̫ˣҷʵҲİطΧɽ˾
ǿʵ̫ǿ󣬼ϱؿƣǺӼֹڴ˵Ļ»
Ǻ俴ŷгɱ⣺ӮңҲǿߣȥ
ŭУǺȻһѪѪ˾ֹʷϣʱǿҵĹâʷп
ֲɢݳ
һֻڵȻʷӵĻ˳ŷңңץȥ
ֻһɲǼ䣬ض⣬ֻһֻԶСѸٳصÿһ䡣
ǣطʣΧɽϣһĻ󣬶ʱв𾪵վ
ǾطʣֻƵˣڰطҲһλǿߡ
ȻǺӵʵ޷ٻλǿߣǽֵһֻƣգ޿ɵֵĸоԹ۵Щ콾ǺȻɫ䣬ڳϵĻԵһ
~Ǻŭ
ǿҵвӿͷ˿
оУѵû𣿡ЦУһӴķֳ
淨ط
طһ̼
ͬʱĵرڻһȼŵĻɫ棬Ȼת˺ɫ档
һ̣Ĳֻ𣬳֡
ֲޱȵĴ˲䱻׵ǼطӢ飬룬·Ǳδ˺㣬תۼ顣
Ĳֻ𣬿³̶ԶԶ֮
ĿĮ˼㣬ƶţӭµƣ˫ݺײһ
¡~
ֲǳ̨ϱ˵Ŀֲ£ǹ貵̨Ҳҡҡ׹Ѻۣ䣬һ̨֣ȻȴǲЩûĳֳ
~
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һƴĽȻǲ¡
תطתΪĲֻ𣬹Ȼǿ˼㣬ǺӵĲһҲƴ
ȥĹâӷݳ͵һ̤棬˳ȥݺݺ˼ơ
~
һһתۼ䣬ײʮΡ
ÿһײǲ£ȻʮײֻµӰ£ֻҲǱģ˲٣Ӳĵطǳһȱڡ
ڡ
ɱ~
ڳʮػֻ֧ŲסȻ鿪һƽĵķ飬ȼźɫƣҲȻɱǺǰ
ǺѾȫסˣû뵽Ȼǿֵز
ʱ嶼ڷֱĿֲо֮ǰʮײÿһײ̲סһѪʱѾ;ƿݣֵܵ
Ҫ䣬Ȼѹ£ſ˵
~
ƣȻӡǺϣһĿĵӡΧѪȫǺӸڵ㱻ɳȥһֱɳʮߵ˵ϣԲѡ
ΧһƬţֱܹʤ˲Ȼع
Ӯˡ
һսҵĲ˼飬ʣ̨սΪʵһս
Уа˶ǿüɫ裬Դ󲿷˶ԣܿһսһҲûа
ǷǺӣǾ콾ֻʤһ

֮ߣ˶Ŀ߸ϵĳĮĿŷɱһ
˭ܿһսǺǷˡ
һʱպָܻǽıϲòˡ
ȻҲûȥָ飬ΪⱾǵԷȣ³ҲǱӦ



1334 ʮǿ
̫ˡ
˶ǿĲ˼鰡һą̂
˿ڷǺս۷һ̣ǳ̨ҡҡ׹߲εą̂һͳֳ
ǲЩ
˳̶ȣ˵˵ǿ
Ҫ֪ڽС콾ܵõģֻе֮ЩʱͲą̂ǧʢʷ϶Ǽ亱ġ
Ƿط󡢲ֻǺӵӢٻʷӵȣǿ֮һսƵǾʾס
ȻڳУŴطʣʮطۣʵȷǲ֪߳٣ЩǿȻǿüɫ裬ͣĻԶ뷽Ǻȡ
Ψһв㣬Ǻƹء
һҲͰˣƫƫ滹о֣ܾųǺζܳˣע˱̭
վԭأš
ûжһ٣ҲȥԷĻ⣬ӿӵͷڵ˼㡣
ԸһϵбУ˵չֵ쾡°
ҪϧƴҲҪûĶȥǵ룬֮ķ֮ǵҪߣǷҲû˿֣ƴž޴ģҲҪǺӴ˴
ѪѪ
Ƿչָ˵ģ˱
Ӳò뵽ûô£ȥԷĻôķҲ˼ңǺǰܸ˷ҲôصˣҲܽ
ϸĻǼпܵġ
ֻϧں̫ˣ̫Ϊһеף³Ҳõȥ

~
ӴĲãب̨֮ϣҶ趯ţΧԭ
֮£һâڣ·һɫĹ롣
ȻѾ¶ҲûмҴŵıҪˡ
صԭغ󣬷֮˳İָǺһսĺơ
ǺӵʵӲƴУҪ˵һ˶ûУǲʵģתطӲֻƣǴ˷޴ĸ֮ԶԶǰʮ˳ս
оֱҲǱץʱ䣬ָơ
Χɽϣ˵Ŀⶼڷϡ
ﾳ簡Ȼǳ߳Σǲ˼顣һλʮط۳˵ľ̾
ĵرʵ̫졣
˷׷׵ͷ
ӵеĵرֻ켶ĵر棬ƵǿһȻڳ콾ʲôеĵرһȷ
һĵرкüƿء
ǣͬĵرЩɳ
ۻָԶ
ǲǿҲĵر⣬ﾳ죬Ͼ켶ĵرſӵе
۳
˵ģ۳ģĵرԻϲ֪˶١
Ѫ˻һЩǿ뷽⣬˾Ͳ̫Զˡ
ѪҲרŵĵرãǱĵرҲûвˡ
ͬһ棬ʵ½ӽ޵ˡһλʮطۿ϶˵ڣĽܲ׷ˡ
ǰľ಻󣬻ôĳԽ棬ԽѣܵѶԽʱѪƾͻὥչֳ˴˼Ĳࡣ
˶ð켶ĵرˣ㻹켶ģȻǶ֡

Ļָˣò˶ãƾͻָ콾Ľޱȡ

ǰ
ʮųսսʤǺӣջҲǲС϶ǧ֣÷жţԵޱʵ⡣

ʮһ֣ʮ֡
սûκ⣬֪֣ܷӳãû˼ȥҷ鷳ЩԭҧгݣҪϷʱƴˣȫˡ
ս˲ͶǲݲӦԡ
ûƴ˼ҲΪųս˵Ǵƽˮûа
ȫʤսӵСȻߡ
Ǻӣʮ̭
Ļӣǿճһлߵˣ͸ƴˡ
ҡҳˡ
һսգǸΪ˵һ仰ĵŵĿսУڵСսǰéΨһʸˣùǰ˷ʮ˳ս֮شӭܣɥʧ˸һϣ
ıܿĻ
ʮСУĶʮǿҲȺ¯



1335 
졣
ȥʮǿ뿪̨
ƵɽϣܹܵĿ̬콾ɨ
ˣʮǿСʽ
ľˣҲǿĶʮ˵۷̨
ܹܵĻ󣬸콾ҲΥ׷̨Ե׼뿪䵱
ܹ΢΢ҡͷ
һǧʢᣬΪ췽Ĵ죬ȴһ˶ûҲ޿κΡ
ûܱ֤ÿһĴУݺ޵еľ콾ǲʵ
ϽǧʢУҲд˺ճɨһж̨֣۷壬ΪΪʶĿĴڡ
ȴֵ콾ͷˡ
ܹҲûʲôʧģһǧʢԼӵܵĵԣ׼ǹעص㣬Ҳڳ¹ҫϡ
еѪ⻷Сбֵľž޵ķҲ޷ѹȥ
ϾǾˣ¹ҫǿأܹУЩڴ
Уֻܿʣ˶ʮˡ
˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ׷ϡ
ʮˣһǧʢҫ۵ľ콾ˣϣҲܴһĿǰ߳ɾ͡
ʮһӣǺ⣬ȫӱ
ʮһˣҲǶӡ
˭һǧʢǿߡ
òܹܶȾΧɽϵվͱ˶ڴžĽС
̨رգʱ䡣
μӾģֻжʮˣʱԣĺܣҲСôܣͬʱֻһС
ܹ˾Ĺ
СвͬѭǸӲп̭һս̱̭κλᡣ
˾ĳ٣ÿһǴս
ս˫Ҳѭһԭ򣬵һ̭ԱֱСһСڶѡ
ҲΪ˱⣬СһǰϣӰ˺սľʡ
һ֣ʽʼ
һս˫ֱȸ֮ǵĳ¹ҫǧ׵ʡ
˵һս˫ܹҲ΢΢һžڴû뵽ĽĻսΪõĳ¹ҫ
ڿԿ¹ҫʵˡ
Ϊǧʢߵ֮һǿ˺̶ֳȣ
ڴ֡
Сʮֲ񫡣
Сͬ¹ҫڵСûʲôǿĶ֣˵һ·֣ܶɳߡ
ЩˣȻƲ¹ҫĶʵʼգҲаص飬˵Сͥ԰ɢһ㣬ޱȡ
ζϵСĵڶӦûеһЩѹŶԡ
ȸ֮ǣԼ˶׷׺Щ˳콾ǴΪ¹ҫ
Ļͻ֪֮䣬ⶪۡսϣ¹ҫ
վ͸˴Ӵѹ˵ĻǸһ쾭ĸо˲ȥŷ
ȻĶȴҲǼ
ǷôĿΪʵ겻мҲ֪νĶںߵˣʲô¡
Уġ
ڳ¹ҫǿţȴǲмһˣǴСһ·ɱģҲСһľ콾֣˵ʵ·һ֮ϧڶԷ֮֡
˵ȫԼġ
¹ҫСеı֣Զ־壬Ͷʲôģǳ˵Ρ
֪ߵغ񡣡¹ҫָڣһ㡣
ǽĻս¹ҫҪӮҪӮƯչֳԼǿ޵еһ棬ҲܸĪѹ
С
ŭЦԲţԼ¹ҫжӲ
бµĻ˵ʲôϻ
~
ֲϳĿ䣬Ȼǰ̤һϵȻ壬âȻʢ
۵ĹУֻһĺ쳹ʣҫ۵ĹâУһֻŵİɫɺչɳ趯ȴ̺˵ɱ˿ֲϫ
ʵڶ۵ĹâУһֻɫɺɳ
Ĳ
ʵÿһһֻɫɺԻ裬
ǧϳʹõȻǧ׵Գ淨˵У߾ǧ裬̺޾ɱܣһ磬ϢлΪ촷ۡ
һ淨ĵرʱʹž춯صܡ
һĻ޲ɫ
~
Ӵǳ̨֣¹ҫ
Ļĵһսһʼӭ˸߳


1336 ˷
תۼ䣬İɫɺףͺȻﵽ˾ֻ
ǳ̨ϣŰɫɺ׵趯ֲ⣬Уͷ·˾޴֮УһСͻᱻ˺顣
Ǿ˵ò˶ǺȻɫ䡣
ź衣
СУչֳǿ֮λһƴ൱
¹ҫϹŲмЦݣʩΪǿֲʱɫĻΪ촷ۣȴвֺ
ΪҼֹڴ˵Ļ
Цҽżᶨǰ
~
貵Ĺҫ𣬺Уʮֻɫɺչɳ
ʮ衣
ɽϣжǧ˽˾˸Ƿ׷ɫ䡣
һֻɫɺףȴŽȻͬ塣
ʮֻɫɺףǧһɱ䣬ۻʱ䣬̱ķͬ졣
ѵ˵Сʱ򣬻أ˾
Ⲣǲܵ顣
ǵС飬Ǻ֮䣬ӽ֮սĳ̶ȣСսһ͵ڶ֮䣬Щƣ˫㵽Ϊֹûʲôƴ˼׼սŵľ
ˣǺ֮սűΪСʵս
ʮǳ̨ϵ󣬶ʱ˱仯
¡¡~
һʱ䣬·޴ĥ̻֮УתţѹգɱΧһС
ǳ̨ϣǳһ˿˿Ѻۡ
ɡ
Ŀ䣬ͲţУ¹ҫܵʮ裬˳¹ҫԴԴ
̼䣬¹ҫӰͱû
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Сϣֵ̫ɫǺһսǾʵױȣӲǽһǺӻܡ
Ƚ϶ԣ¹ҫıȻҲҫۣǺͷȴ޷ȡ
ϹҲǸеѹ֣ʱȴüѹٽ⡣
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ĿѣԵĽĻսȥ󣬽ǹȥλ콾̨ʤ
һ⣬ȫǳ̨
峡Ҳֵ˷



1337 
峡ϳ֮ǵķ뱦ʩ塣
ֵܹܵ˷
죬ؽʮ֮һʩʣҲǱһеǿߣȴҪǿ࣬ǺǿʥȣȴǲĺԶ
ʩСڶγߡ
һӦûʲô⡣ûж˿ʩ塣
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һɽϣĳ֮ɫ
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¶Էʥľ콾ΪǷĶ֣Ǻεȵҫ
Ϊϳ֮ǵĳ޲ýеǻԺȻǿпסˣҲܿϵļ
ʩ壬Ⱥս
ûжԥǿ𣬺УӴǳ̨˽¸𣬽С
һ½֮ˣȻӵʵҴ˾˲ʵ˲𡣡
ûмŶ֣ʩȻ˵˵˲Ȼϵ飬ȴ˵Ĳһ£ûжپηڡ
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ŶӦһ뿴˵ʲô
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Щ½֮ˣҪ׷Щи߹Ѫ콾ҲǲܣҪึǧٱŬԽ󣬾Խ׷ϡʩ·ǳԶ˷һ㣬ʶĻɣҽһ֣Ժ˵һٳԵͷ
˵ʩ岻мĿŷţԼⷬ׺ֻҪǰ׳գͿ϶Ӧ
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~
޴ĺУʩһģ㱻ڵأ߲ʱţһѺۡ
ҡʩ󺧣벻ͨôԵʵˣΪʲôҳףѵΪԼٶܸϴи߹Ѫ𣿽յĳ裬չбһ졣
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㡭Ҵҡʩ۾ʱˣô󣬻û
ңǳ̨ϣؽ綼ܿǣȻӰģٴĶȴܿģ˵һ̣ʩ嶪Ƕ˵ؽ
Цȥʱʩͷ
ܴСߣʩʵҲǲǿаطʵڷǰȴûж壬طûбƳͱʹŹ
󣬷ֱһţʩǳ̨
ˡΧɽϣһŭ𣬱ɽϣһŻ͵վżȵķŭɱ⣬ֲ𣬺ķ
ȻôŭôǿҲ˿̨Ӱ첻
䡣ĮޱȵĿ۷λһ
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ʤܹܸҲЩ𾪵Ŀŷ벻ͨΪʲôô棬ʲô
ϾʩȻԴ˵㣬˵ЩȴҲܹͬġ
Ը̫ң߲˶ԶܹҡҡͷԷѡ¹ҫ뷨淢ᶨ
ڱ˳в񣬷⡣
ΪԼ߸ϣ󣬿ˣˣֻһѡǾǰǴʹѣǿơ
Ѫ˲𣿵Ѫһ
ҡҡͷû˹񣬻صԭЩȤģھսʤֺܵõջ



1338 ֮
Сͬ
Ӯ˶ֺ󣬷ǵܵõ֮ĸ򣬻һЩǳ̨Ļϣջ÷ڴ
֮ǰСһУûзκ壬ҿǰ峡ǻʤˣʧܵˣȫûʲô仯ȥһãСľ󣬷Ҳļ
صԭ۾
Χƽȥĺڰ֮С
һ̣ɫɢ͵Ĺâҳ޷Զˢˢˢҳµĵطԭǿհ׵ڣʱȴһָ̺֣תۼ䣬ͳǧ
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ʱѾӦһĹԣȴ˻ᣬҲûбı仯
ӮһھߵĸǰͻὥˡѰ˼š



1339 
һֵսš
ȵ磬ʮ߲εս½
ϣÿСĵһʤû̫⣬ȻҲš
ԭԵСڶߵ콾ͻȻھбչֳǰδеʵǿƻԼĶּ֣䣬ǳ̨ϣºգɽӵֲ˼㣬ʹ̨Ѻۣą̂
һսľ󣬱֮¶սϣĿĳ¹ҫ֣ܶ˿ѷɫ
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һм䣬ͻԼĶ֣ͬϲŭһͺǳ̨պյ˼㡣
֮¹ҫҪҫۡ
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̫˼飬һǧʢᣬð̫ǿˡ
еѪ˷ĳ¹ҫղֻķ˫ѪᣬԼпٵ֮ܵͫʵ̫ڴˣ˭ܻȺ̨۷塣
Χɽϣ˶Ǽ
һǧʢĺǧʢУ¶ǰéġ
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1340 
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صԭ󣬷۾ڵĻͻǶϿһ㣬ҫ۵ĹԴҫÿһ䣬·ȼԡ
ȻӮԽЩѵҲԽܹ࣬ą̂߼̨»иѡ



1341 ǩ
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1343 ϳ
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1345 ׯ£
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ۿŷƣѲ󣬼ᶨƵԼׯҧݣջ̾Ϣһѡ䡣



1346 ֮
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۷Ծǰݣ޼ׯźܣԵվͳ¹ҫ̭˶֣ɱվ
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Щտʼ˵¹ҫ뾣޼ĶԾǧʢ۷壬гԽߣһսǰеվˣ޲ſڽ࣬˵ʱҲûȥǡ
λʮط۵Ļ˵ׯĶԾֻ̾Ϊֹݡ
ҿׯĶԾ۾ʳ̶ȱ֮¹ҫ뾣޼ĶԾ»ҪʤһһλԳ
ׯһͫݻɭ󣬿µĳŭ»⣬ܻһУ۹һǧʢУ˿ɳҡһλǿ˵һ乫
˶Ƿ׷׵ͷ
Ȼׯˣûܷǿą֣̂ͬٿգȻׯݻѲµĿֲٹ⣬һ֮һֻݻһеĿ¸о
ڳ˶ǵǿߣȻֱܷһĿֲ
ǳ¹ҫ˷Ǿ޼ʥ֮ӰǷĲֻһ֮в硣
ֻϧ˷Ϊׯ̾Ϣ
̭һܼ̭
һô£Ȼʱնһλط̲סʵ
һӭնϣ֮ʱңһĻĳ֣ˣҲ벻ͨ
ʱ£ׯصһȻָһǰһͣͣһֵˡ
Ȼׯһ֮ҪȷǶǿ󣬵һָͲǷĶˣһյʧܡ
һĵرû뵽ȻսзáһλʮطҲ𾪡
ĵر٣Ǽ̫ˣʱָ֮ҲǼܸߵӰ쵽սĵرȴǺ˼㣬ͬһ漣
ӦúطйأĽٴ󣬶תľ£Ҳͬʱƿһĵر
ǵ洫ľ콾طУȫһ淨
˸п
洫ڷɳǵ˴£Ѿ֪ڸƲ洫淨Ӧþط
ط淨ؽҲһЩΧɽϵˣطʺʮطУҲطˡ
طڶľҲС
ǺͷطһȣͲܿ
֪ͳ¹ҫǿԷı֣¹ҫδǶְɡľ˱֣˹Ŀ࿴Ҳ˷ڴվУ¹ҫĶԾ
ڻ˵һλμӹǧʢǿ߳Ŀ̨Ͼķͳ¹ҫ
ǰξѻ˵ξѾͲһˣǵľ缫ޣңҲ֪ܽʲô̶ȣܳܵĻǿ»ڽȻͬ
һĿҲǲɵ̨ϵˡ

뿪սصԭټ̨ϣֻʣ·ͳ¹ҫˡ
۾ĳ¹ҫһ˿ɫ
ׯһսǺεȵľȻ¹ҫȴûйۿսʤ޼;ԭ·ׯô춯أûκηӦ·ɮ붨
յ˵¹ҫţҲˡ
ѵ˵Ϊսʤֺջ񣿡Щ죬ȴǿߡ
΢΢ҡҡͷ۾Ѹƽ
ΧһƬڰװһ޷Զڿհ״һָ̺֣̼䣬ֲֳ֣˴Ŀհס
һεջ֮ԶǰκһΡ
ҲģϾǽ˾ǰ˵ׯһսǳ̨ą̂ܵ˼ĳ
սǰδеľ޴ջҲӦġ
ǰǰ֣Ѿ򡣡֣վӮĻ˵ʮֳ
ԭʮ֣СϾܼܹʮֵĻռȫһƪ¡
ȻǷǳ˲𣬳ƵǴջˡ
ȫƪݳ֣ǴŷԵޱʵ⣬׷ⱾߣǺεȵľˡ
ܳΪ֮ĵӣ߼ʹʥҲȥ
Ȼǵ֮˸ջ񣬷ڣһֻͻո֣һգס˾󲿷ֵ
ʱѾѣʧ
ǰεջһӦҲһѡ૵ȴѡ
ĿעꡱУ棬һ˿˿Ѻۡ
Ȼ÷ǣȻϳѺۣǾ볹׶ѣȴĺԶӻͻҫĹԣҲûκεı仯
ܶѣһ漴˼
ζʲô
˵ÿӮһ־ܶһĻնڵˣܹĲǴڵ˼򵥡
粢ÿӮһ֣ͶһĻôΪʲôǰôף
š
ĿڷͻյĲϣͻȻԺһ
ЩоŲ㡭֣˲룬תת֮Ǿת
ĵرĵȼǾŵȣ֮Ҳֳɾżȵȡ
˵ŲӦǾתŸأȻľ˽ⲻ࣬Щ˵ۣҲһãЩƬξһĻȴܽ
ڵľǶתԲǰ׾ͶˣΪҵľ磬ȫܹξѣ
ǣǵξѣҪ޾תҲΪȻѺۣȴûг׶Ͼ
֪²ģʵ
ܲμǧʢˣϸʱƣϲת콾ȫͣڶתľ硣
¹ҫׯ޼ˣ޲ˡ
ˣǴõ֮ǰѺףҪȴǧѡ
һ£粻ȴǰĻ뵽Ȼ
ӻͻ͸ĹԣǺεȵǿң·ȼһ㣬⻹ھܳܵķΧڣ˾Ļ¾ͲǷ·𣬶ȼˡ
ֹڴˣûа취𣿡૵Ȼ֪ΣգЩʡ
ĿһϣתѲµķġ
ļһۣоͷۻԶģȻһ㣬ȴͻȻ
оתķġȥƺôѶǵ㣬ĲϵķҲܿЩ
ǡԵޱʵ⡣Ȼһ˹
ǰѵ̫죬Ҳûжӹעǵȴһ
ԭˣҪЩ̨ϻʤ⣬һְ취ǶԵޱʵ⡣
һĻҲͽ͵ͨˡ
һҪ̨ϲܽº漸ͬ裬ʵˣ뿪̨ͬܽѣջ˵Ĺȥ
ֻҪԵޱʵ⣬뵽һ̶Ⱥ󣬲ܽӦ
ϳѺۣȴӦĽѶȡ
ǿŵĲԵޱʵ⼫Ϊ̣ĲϵܿһȻܿ죬ͣһֱǿȥĲĻ˵ܲܰ쵽ʹܣҫĹԣ˲ͻҷ
ϾĲӦתĻԶľ硣
һĿڵϣȫĶ˽ȥ
Χ˺ڰ֮УһƬģһâǰʱţԽԽǿҡ
ǿ
ʱΧɽϣͻȻ˾̨̳ȥһ̣˵ͫ͵
ֻŵķͻȻ䣬һĹâҫ·Ǻڰеĵģƺսʮء
֮⡣˳
ôܣȻô졭һλμӹǧʢǿŵ
ôµˣȫĿɿڴ
ǵ֮תΪѵĹâ֮ԺǰξѲһ˲Ϊʱ͸Ĺâ˷ľ磬Żס
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˵ģǺܶ˶֪顣
ͳ¹ҫĳɫţ˶пܰ쵽һ㡣
ǣ벻ǣһˣȴǷ
¹ҫǱȷҪĽ˱ׯĶԾûпΪȫĶͶ뵽֮У˵Ҫȷöࡣ
ȻʵȴǽȻ෴
ѵģҲ̫ˡ
·Եޱʵ⣬ǧʢˣԵ֮ĸࡣһλǿ߳
Ҳֻܽ͡
ȸ֮ǺʹˣɫЩѿ
ı֣һһε𾪡
˵˴Ѫ棬¹ҫȫıȥ
ûʲô˵ģѪҪģһ޳ɾ͵ģǾ硣ϹɫĻƺڼᶨԼƺڰοԼ
һЩʹﵽ޵ˣĽֵĿŷ͸Ĺԡ
͸ĹԣʵѾûжЧʱܹվߵĻҲܵõһЩô
ϧų̂ܽҲֻܿŷܵľ֮ɵۡ
ʱţܵĹԻҲţѾӦ̶ֳȵľѡ
¹ҫҲʼˡ
ֹһ˷֣¹ҫҲǿʼ͸ҫһеĹԣ˵Ҳǲ˷ĺ󳾣һ־֮ҫ˳
ƽĶۣ¹ҫıҲɫ
ǧʢᣬܹһ־֮ҫģ֮١
һǧʢϣֱվʤùڣҲп
¹ҫվǰˣĳɫеĵѪֻͷһȣͲԶˡ
洫Եޱ̣˵ȵȣ½磬ǴѪ½ǻѪôδĳɾҲ޿ܳң̫ϧˡһλʮطۿ̨ϵķоϧ֮ɫ
ûдѪķδ̫ı
Ҫ׷ϴлѪѪˣǲܣϣʮֵãԶûкôȶ
Ҫ۷壬ȻǾ·
ЩƣһеѪϣôĳɾͣ¾ɾʥһ
ͳ¹ҫξѶһ֣ǵʵҲͿվ˭Цɡ



1347 վս
֪˶ãơѡ˹
ڣӻͻдһľ֮⣬ȻҫֻȼĸоȴѾʧ
ȡ֮ģһַĵú㣬·̥ǣӭ
ͬܣѵĹû峹׷ǰ㼤ңǴӰȴǷͬ죬÷һʶһĸд
εľУָоӵǿҡ
һֱȥģֻҪҵʺĵطκԪȫãתٷְٳɹתѶȣήࡣ
ǰѴľ޴ôʵ˵ǳԽ˱ľ磬һξˡ
ԤЩõ֮ǰѵ콾ǧʢ֮󣬶ӭһͻͽʱڣԶˡ
ûܷһ㡣
ȻǺӵˣ϶Ϊȹʱں󣬷ĽٶȻ׷ϡ
ҡҡͷ۾
ĿƳ̨ΧǾ뼫ĺɫ񷣬ڻպϣһʱ䣬˺ھͻʧ
Ѿǵʮˡ
˿״̬׼ӭӣһս

ξѣ½һ֣ʱ䶼Ҫǰξĳ˶ģʱ䶼ͷȥ
ңֻʣһͳ¹ҫʱҲ㹻
棬Ƚ˾ѣһ㲻ԤϣϾҲǷȿʼѣţڵʮʱ򣬳¹ҫҲڽ˾ѣ۾˿⣬ǿϢȥ
ĳһɢȥ
¹ҫܹܵĿʱѯǷҪϢԵ״̬
òš¹ҫУ̺ǿźͼᶨƵ
ܹ΢΢ҡͷչǱȽƫڳ¹ҫǿٵü仰˳¹ҫһ£̫Կ
¹ҫһ֪֪ׯľԾҪ;޼ĶԾ֮ϡ
Ҳ֪ľʱ䣬Ҫ硣
ܹ˽⵽Щ˵Ϣ󣬳¹ҫ飬ȴǹž޲ûжٱ仯
ڵңѾյңܵǰ˭һ¹ҫ˿ûжݡ
Ȼˣվʼܹܶһ£ţתۼʹؽ硣
~
ؽ綼ǵȴһ̣Ȳˡ
ڵؽһ֮ǡءΣڣͨ˶̧ͷڴա
ȻʱԾ˫Ӱû˻ɣܿ죬λ콾Ӱͻڵؽա
ս֮ϡ
òܹܶ˵ʲôϻ˵ĸ
վսҪʼˣ˭ܻ֣ܶվڵؽ۷壿һλʮط۵Ǿδ˵ʱ飬Ҳǲı˷ڴ
ˣȱȽǡ
Щûǰ̨ϳĶǿߣҲ̧ͷա
вٸоĶǿߣͻȻɫ΢䣬Ȼ̧ͷܸоڸ߲ɲ񷣬һصĿңɲĵط·ǴӾ촹ᴩؽ磬ڤӣǸ߸ϣһŲãصĿ¸о
ǡʥһλӦĶǿһľ
׹ʥĿ˹
̨նԾʥΪעĿͶ
˵̨ıʥעʵϣǰЩʥͲ⣬ҲֻնԾһǧʢ۷壬ŻЩλھ֮ϵڣһЩȤڴ
ʥĿ⣬½Ǹ֪˵ľʥ£ܸоˣȴֻкһֶǿߣҲжӰ졣
ʱһЩ쳣ı仯ͬʱڵؽ緢
ףգշ仯ˡ
̨ΧЩɽϵûʲôоȻڵؽˣȴǾǧʢ˽ˣȻڣһ֪ˣǾĪǧʢļʵ̫ãúܶ˶˽̫١
ֻؽգͻȻ䣬𽥱Ļ谵ͬһ鿴߼ʵĻĸо
ؽȻҲ䣬ڣȴڵʱ̡
Һֲĸоûг̫ãսǱĻ谵޹⣬ûκβõ鷢ò˶˿ƽ
ʱܹվľ޴ɽ壬ڻ谵ı£ȴǱĸĿ
ؽ˲׹
Ļ谵գ·һŹ޷ĴĻ̨ı֪ȵվսݣ̨յʱ˵ı£ǺεȵĹʶĿ
ؽΪĻ۷Ծôֱʡ˶Ī
ľֱʣ޷ҲֻǧʢնԾŻ˴
Ծ
վսûпʼȻؽƵ˵ȴǱ׵



1348 VS¹ҫ
ʼˣնԾ
վ˵Ŀע£߽˾սأһߣ¹ҫҲŲ볡
˵Ŀ⣬սһ
~
Уӿǿм䱼ӿţͬĴ󺣣ͬǿײţ·˺ա
Ŀע֮գŻ漴ǱΪΡ
ӳ¹ҫУǿţƺ鵲ǰᱻΪҽһ޿ƥеУһ·սʤһ֣ң޵һ̣¹ҫʵ۷塣
Ƶƶ£¹ҫܷӳʵ֮ǿ֪ǳԽޣҲǲܵ顣
Ϊˣ֪ׯĶԾ֮ˣԼľٶڷ֮󣬳¹ҫûκεĶҡԼžԵġ
ţԼҲˣڳ¹ҫ￴ȻͬĴ۷壬޵е
ͬ޵УǣȴֻһˣЦؽ۷塣
һԾԽǰκһǷׯľԾԶ硣
޵콾֮ײǷǳ¹ҫǾס
ΧɽŵģǺεڸо¹ҫ״̬ǶǷ׷׶ݣžɫ
ǿһս˭ʤпܡ
ǰЩǿݣڴʱǰٲΪƾ
ǡޱȵڴ
ʽʼ
ܹվӴɽϣʱҲ̲סĳȣһնԾĿʼ
һ̣¹ҫͬʱˡ
~
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ֲ˲䱬ϯķ
˵Ľ£һҫǳ貹Ե̨ոոֳܵĪĳĿĵѺۣ쵽ǳ̨
Լͬģ˶ŷȥȻţ˾ͳ˻Ȼײ
µĻ棬ӳ¹ҫϳɻ𺣣·ҪﶼΪҽǳ̨ϣûһطǰȫģȫڿµĻ֮С
ǣȴǴݲȣޱ߻𺣣ƽأ֮𺣷׷ױΪΡ
ǻ죬˷壬첻˿в
ɫ棬ڷûκθ£ȴκһֻ涼ҪĿ£֮Դ֮ﶼ޿ص˱˴
¹ҫĻ棬ҪȲֻһ˷һλǿ߳
ǧʢϣеĲֻңȻ֮𣬿ڷﾳƶ£ȴǿµ˼㣬˼ΪµĵزҲֻׯ⣬֮࿹⡣
֮ȣ¹ҫĻҪһЩҲԶʤƺƴȻ˷Ҳ·硣
~
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ֲ˵ļײ˷Ű
ؽ˶̧ͷŻ谵ĴĻ£ľ޴ǳģӰսϣÿһν֣·һ̫˴֮ĹâԼǿޱȵ˿סˡ
貵ǳԣλ콾ǰȻʧɫ
~
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Ȼһ̣͵âҫأһȽȽȡǳͳ¹ҫ
µգڻ谵Ļĳ£ޱȵҫۡ
ͳ¹֮ϣԡâ֮У·Ǿ֮ϵ飬ⳡ֮ĶԾ˲ɫʡ
ą̂
ą̂ĳ֣û֮ɫ֮ǰą̂οʱնԾ
ǣ˳ԾģǷ¹ҫɡ
һ۾ܿ¹ҫȫԸкԶһʤˣ˵ڷֳ£˵ӦԵʱţ֮ʱԽԽв
ą̂˲òеԾ
ηİط̲ס̾Ϣ
ͳ¹ҫȻǶתʵȴǳԽЩͨİطʹڰطУҲߡ
ϳ֮УԪֺвʤпʶʱԼԶ磬Ƕ̶̵ʱ䣬ȴͻͽǶ֣֮š
¹ҫǺӵˣȴҧгݣ޲÷һ̾ͱ¹ҫشȻڻ֮еķȴǴޱȣʵϽǺӵֶֺޣ˶ԷڿڽޣЩ°ܽеޱȵı
ΪʲôǵĵرóؽĸУҲвʵ΢˷ʡ
ǵĳҲû˷ĻᣬԴ̣Ϊ͹ˣĵرԺʱ򣬲Ƿͳ¹ҫ̨ϵ콾ǵÿһγ֣һۺĵرѪ淨ȣǵóʹá
Щ콾ԣԲȱ٣ʺѪĵر淨ȣЩۺǴĲ˼飬ԶһĵرȻ̣εǰ⣬󲿷ֶԵôһ𻹻Ӱ쵽ʵ˷ǵĵرڣ硣
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ֲĻȿֺĳ˷һΣɫĴȻûɢ
ϯ
˷¹ҫˡ˶Ǿһ񣬿Ż潫ûǺӵ˸ǰкá
Ҫܷһλʮط۳
ֻŰĻУƽ˳Ȼ嵽ǰɫһײʱ׷ɢ
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ûзȥѰҳ¹ҫټ˷淨Ե㣬ڻˣǰ¹ҫǲġ
Ӵط󣬳ڷ¡
طֵһ̣ϵĻɫʱת˺ɫĲֻ١
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һ졣
һֲ֮˼㣬ɳµķˣıһץУתۼ䣬ͻ˷ɻҡ



1349 
һƳ죬ɱɻ𺣵ķˡ
һĻ̫ˣʧԼɫ԰ףžɫ
һ֮·ǳء
֪жˣǲ콾ͨţʣԼĻܲһ»
𣿡ۿŷ𣬶ʱʡ
Ȼҡҡͷ
¹ҫ뾣޼һսͬą̂Ҳ˶˳¹ҫе˷Ŀ¡
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У˱һ̣¹ҫӰȻֳɫЩ԰ף˱˵ҲһӰ죬ֻɵĳ̶ȣҪԶׯ
ׯͫݻѲȻǿױȣǱ̾ܵ˳صķɣ˼ͫŲò䣬ǳ¹ҫȴˡ
ûõġ¹ҫüûа㾪š
ʵȷʵǿޱȣǿĶ֣ǣյ۷ˣֻҡ
ų¹ҫ£Ȼ֮Уǿԡ³ǰ
ķˣɢϢ֮ǰ
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ȻĲֻ𣬻Щ࣬Ѿ˲С鷳
Χɽϣ޼üͷ
ǰһ£ķʵ֮ǰʥ֮Ӱڶֻ˷ָȥƽ⡣
ɱ~
¹ҫӰʧͬʱŵķˣҲڳ¹ҫĿ£ٶɱ˷
ᣬޱ߻ڣֲĸ˿ء

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أ·𶼱ڱΣֲĻڷǰȴûжٵֿء
ܿ죬һٶڷ¡
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һκ󣬾޼ͲҰܸ¹ҫȻڷǰһεķˣȴȻ̫Զ
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һһλǿȴҡҡͷ淨Ҳ伫޵ģһ淨ܲƵȻǰѣǿʹͬĵرӳ˸Ϊǿ¹ҫѪļӳɣƶ£淨Ҳǣż޴ڡ
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Ӧܿǰ󣬳¹ҫ۳ķˣķȲΪѾӽǴﵽ˵һ˷ļޣܼң֪˷ϡλǿ߳
Ƿأʵеط󣬷·ûеƵġ
Ϊ洫
һλԼָ࣬˹ؼ
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洫淨ĴڣȻҲܣõһ淨ƵҪûе洫ˣǿ̫ࡣ
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Ȼ
ô˵Ļ
ڻɣйʹյ֮ȼ֮ߣȳ¹ҫǲξѺ̶ȣûбλʮط˵
ǣҲûʲô壬Ѫƣյ֮ǿ󣬻ѪеԼǰ˵ľ鴫Уͨ۷ĽݾȻҲʹúԳԽǰˣ覲褡һλǿҡҡͷ
յ֮ǿֲ࣬ǡ
λǿû˵ȥΪֿ֪Գֵļ̫ͣͲʵ

˵䣬ą̂ϣ¹ҫսҲǽ۷塣
¡¡~
ޱ߻𺣷ӿţſµһĻַ֧ˣΪ֮
ĴˣҪֻܻˣ
ŷ˼ļһУڳӿ
ǶԷĵˣʱҲɵĶҡ
ą̂ϣѾΣڽеĴΣÿһʵ
ܵĻ𺣣ҲڲţȻȲϷˣҲǽӽ˷Ĳֻ𣬴Īв
Ŀ飬
Ѿǿ޷˷ĴΣʵ԰ǧʢᣬ·ԶԶķǰȴҲȻʧɫ
ֿϣĸо˵ġ
䶨ˡ
Ļ䡣
¹ҫӰڻ֣ȴ
ą̂ϣһĿĵѺۣԶԶҫķ£ƺ֧飬岻Զ
Ҫ֮׻飬߼̨ȴֲĺԶ
һֳǵıѿ̨ɢݳʹޱߵĻҲ޷ֱ͵âУһĸо
ֱƺ¹⣬ҫ˵ؽ˶ߴʤĸд
𣿡Գ¹ҫĻƽϧҵֵ棬û֡
ңȻ䡣
һʼʱ˵Ϊ޵еΪʲô֣ɨҶ˵ʲôڲǻˣ䣬˵޵еڶҡ
¹ҫĬһᡣ
һѵõĶ֣Ҳ塣ڵʤߣȻҡ
㣬ڵķ˻ǼޣһΣȻ㲻Ը䣬Ǿ׼ŭɡ
˵꣬¹ҫȥ
У¶ȼĴķ˻۳
ÿһΣ˵ʵԽԽǿӦģŵԽǿʱҲԽԽ˷Ϣʱ
ûдʯط޷־ãٶȼ죬Ƿûʤ
~
঵ķУĴķˣǰ
Ĵķˣȫǿֲ˼㣬˫չһյĸоڱą̂
⺧˵һĻͨą̂ݵ˵ؽòٰطɫ䡣
󣬷ûϢĻᣬӭջ£ͬһ޴Ļײ
~
һطڽ£̽ӭ˷ˡ
Ȼһ˭ܿĴķˣȻѾڷ֮ϣһײĽ׶༪١
飬ȴûκα仯⼸ʤϣսûĶҡ
յϣȻҫԡ
ͬʱЮ޿ƥ»ķҲȻ䣬Ŀɿڴı仯
һֻ̣Ӵ񣬺Ȼֳ֣һǰһͣͣһֵˡ
Ȼֳ֣ÿһ֣ûи֧ĸоҲǱʬˣһ֣ĸһȱĸоͷ·Ǵͬʱա
⡭
һĻ֪˾ֶεˣ̲סȻɫͬ񼣡
ڵķˣһΪҲǲׯĿֲٹĺ󳾣һ
𾪵˵ʱķ˻Ϊޱ𣬳˻С
ą̂ϣ𺣱ӿɢڻһеĸ£ΪǿѸſֲ顣



1350 ҫ
̣Ļһ̡
ą̂ϣ̵ķˣԼǸΪǿ˸մӷľһлعĬȻ
¹ҫûѣ˹ȻһΡ
Ĵ̵ķѾƵ÷ֶˣ̺ķˣа취Ӧԣ
һַ̣֧˶Ĭ
䶨ˡһλֳ֧¹ҫĶǿߵɱĴ̵ķˣѾƣ̵ķ˳ļޡ
һǧʢĹھǳ¹ҫȻҫۣҲ̤ʯλǿߵ̬
Ѿ˲ˣ̰¹ҫƵ˼¡һλǿǲƫС
ʵ
޼֧һ̣Ȼ޼ŽһξѣûпɱԣҲܿǿ
ܽ˷Ƶֵز¹ҫȷʵźľ콾س޵зۡ
ȸ֮ǵɽϣ˶ϲɫ
ҫδ滹Ҫȸ֮ǵĳ΢Ц¹ҫ棬ûвμǧʢᣬҲûǰѡ
ԼѪһλǸп
˷ڳ¹ҫǿֵزʺϵĵر⣬ʣ¹ҫѪҲǼʺ˷
Ȼʲôɺϣ¹ҫ棬ͽȸ֮ǣ˷ѪȻʺ淨
ɽϣϹͷ̲סЦ
һֱĵ
ȻʹӮˣҲ޹ش֣ȴÿڳ¹ҫӮԣȴŹ⡣
Ҳ졣Ǻӵ°ܽ⣬Ҫܵĳ
Ӽ̤߷ʱ̵䣬ɫҲᾫ֡
û˿ɣ䡣
Щǿ߶϶ˣﻹ⡣
ؽ񷣬һصĿ⣬Ҳڽű˴˵Ŀ
ʤѶʥһ
ֻ¡δءһĲ˳š

Ȼϡ
ą̂ϣ˿ſֲĻ𺣣Լ飬ȴ쳣򶨡
ɫ涸Ȼɢһɶصط֮С
ףۼӮˣ׼䣿˲²⡣
һâطзɳû˷壬â㣬޾ͬʱһŷ·ǳصĲϹҲǺȻǰ
׼ָ״̬һ
Կˣ̫޴ˡ
ɱԶֻ
ڵĻܣ˲ܽٻ١Ц
ӿţƽһУȻڿҪյ֮ʱͻȻ䣬˶Ӵˣһ̫Ȼ
ǡ˶ǵɴ۾
һֻ񣬴̫зڶ˽ȻͬȻͬĸ߹ؼΪǿĴڡ
ڣǽڡһ̣ؽڷ
˶Ī
ڣҲǴ˵˲ֺؼ䣬ҫ
ҪýԿˣȻԴǴ˵ǵ̫Զ̵ķ˲֮ܽɱ𾪹˿ڵ
Ƕĸ֪ӿŵͬһȻǿ󣬵Ǻ̵ķˣȴͬն𺣵һηˣ֮ܽΪҽ
ֻڣ̫ٻ
ʱ֮һ̫ٻļԶ磬Ƿýһ̵ļͬ
ֻǿʼԡڲâУΧĻδá
ڷӭĻ𺣣Ϊϻᱻʱ򣬽ڶȻſɣޱ߻У˷ӿţһ˽ڣС
ǣ˻Ľڣǵû
ôܡ͵վҲס
ǰһĻֱսǵ֪
Ȼͬǲݻ飬𺣵ԷˣԳ¹ҫܱãЩڽ˵Ǵҩ˵׳ˣǡ
ЩѾ˳¹ҫƿءΧɽϣһλʮط૵
̵ķˣȷʵǿĲ˼飬ôǿܱ¹ҫƿأ
زҲҪ׵ƿˣ̵ķˣȫѹԵɱһж֡
ڣȴ˽ڿɳ֮
𺣱ӿţ̵ķҪ³֣ҪһЩʱ䣬ʱûֹܹڡ
֮ϣԻ𺣵â壬׳ıԴڵɣṩΪʵıϡ
¶һ˿Цݡ
Ҫڵļȷʵ԰쵽ȱҲԣ޷־ãȻʱŻ𺣵Ľڣɻɳṩȴǰһƣǰطȱݡ
¹ҫą̂һˣɫףֹһУֻܾܵļӿ̵ٶȣ֡
˿ϵԽԽǿҲԽԽޱȴ۵Ĺâҫ
֧£ڵɣȫ޼ɵٶԶˡ
ڡ
̣Ӵޱȵą̂ⱼӿĿֲ˶ľͬһ޴Ļ򣬷񷡣
ą̂һˣչ˳ͬգ˿ֲĸ⣬ǿ֮Ĺâͬؼһ̫ҫؽ
~
飬ȻײһŶԻ𺣵ĿȨ
˾׵ĳ˶ſڽ࣬𺳵˵
ޱߵĻ棬ӿ׹һʱ䣬·֮㸲Ŀֲ޷
ɱ~
¹ҫӻɱ뷽սһ
ʱķҲתط󣬽Ž¹ҫɱ൱
˵սԽԽǿӿһɲǣͬʱͻĳޡ
ϣڻΪһ壬¹ҫһ˷ˡ
˵Ӱʧֱ𻯳飬ȻײһĻˡ
Ѽһλǿߵ
޾â糱ˮӿڣ÷ԽսԽ£һʼ·罥˾ơ
գײ£飬Ϊɫû˽ڡ
ϵڵһγ˷ˡ
Ļ棬ڣΪǳ¹ҫôƴɱơ
֮Уſɣ̣ͬą̂ϵĻ汻һգ󣬱ǰδӴĽڷҡֱϡ
һ˲䡣
ڵؽĿڰ£һҫ۵̫âÿһƬء
~
»ͬ׹ǳһĻֺͺ嫣ޱߵĹâͻ棬ûû˷ˣûպʹء
ؾ㡣
Ҳ
˶𾪵޷֮ʱһ̫ҫķ˫ԡ
̨Ϊ֮ʧ
ʤһ£ą̂٣ŵؽ۷̨ڳ֡
ȥйԵķ̨ϣԡ޾â֮Уͬպյս񣬸һµĸо
һ̣ڵǶ



1351 ѡ˭
̨ΧɽϣԼؽһƬ֮Уҫڵؽյ޾âȥеĺɫȴٳٲʡ
»ޱ߹âʧֻ̨Ĺԣҫؽ硣
ǣһսʤ֣ŵؽ۷̨Ҳǻʧǰ
ͬʱΪվսԵʣĻ谵գҲǽ
һб仯ԤʾţǧʢĻ
վսɷʤΪһǧʢĹھӴɽϣܹһһ
һǧʢᣬʽ
ܹܵ˵ؽ
ˣһսǡ޷ݡ
̫ˣʵǾʵһױȵӾʢ硣
ܹܵѣؽʱ֮Уϳַ֧֮ˣ޲ǻ׶ףŷĵǶ
պԪֺˣ϶βסĿϲ
⾪ϲʵ̫ˡ
ǧʢǶҪ֪ǵؽ۷壬ɱǺεȵļѣǺεȵҫ
֮ǰǸ붼룬ȻʱȴǱ޿ʵ
ҡΰɣպŵ˵
Σʵ̫˲ˡˣԸش
˿̣ϳ֮ǳ˻ֵĺ
֮෴ģЩֳ֧¹ҫˣȴʧ˶㣬ЩƲסʧͷŭģǴ
ۿţһ͵ǶҴս¹ҫȷʵᣬȴӲĵһ˽ܡ
ǣˣ̬ȣ˭ʤôģǻζվսʱ̷һ޾âûأô˵ƣǻζ
λתֻаطʵ˴ĳ档
ֱʥսء
пһĻֺͺ嫣𺳵˼㡣
ΪվսΪ̨ôһ¡
ͳ¹ҫϾתҲֻǰطΣܴôֺĳ
֮ԻˣΪʥս̨ĹͣսĳͶ䵽˵ؽټеգ˾׵Чֵ̨˶·侳
ΣһսҲǾޱȣκ˶ֵʱ
ջָ̨ʧڵؽĴ󲿷˵ǧʢˣʽĻ
ͳ¹ҫľսҲǸһǧʢᣬһľš
Ƕ̨ϵ˵ûȫ

Ѽһս
ˣϣΪʥ磬̫ûµʥˡ
߲ɲ񷣬ţʥڽ
֪ǶһսۣԼԷͳ¹ҫ»ŻȥȻ˱֣ҲֻеõϣĽۣҪΪʥվ۷壬ʵ̫Ѻϣã
Ϊ½磬¹ҫΪˡ
Ǻǡ
ЦţʥĿȥ
·ΧɽϣǿߣҲ۷׷ס
Ƕǵ֮δκ˲ַ֧÷ˡ
ڣ̾Ϣģֳ֧¹ҫˡ
Ƕܿһս
˷ȸ֮ǿ淨ڳ¹ҫҲȷʵӵ˼¡
ʵϣĴǵһ˷ļˡ
洫Ѿǳ¹ҫˣûеõ洫ϸ˵Ӧ˷һ淨ڷѹܱ䵽˳̶ȣһ漣¹ҫ淨洫ܹ֮ƿأûС
˵û۳¹ҫ޵еģķˣ޷ƿأѹԵֱ֣ӺƾˣҪʲôƿء
ڽǰȴ
ͬƿػ飬ǱģǿҲķ˶֣ƫƫǽڡ
ŷʱ򣬵õ׳ʱ
ʱ̫ǵҲû취ģչǵһ淨쵽ȥ
Щǿ߸һۿΪ֮ʧɫһâûأ˵Ƿ¹ҫִģûĻ𺣣պ׳޷̶ȵĽڣҲܴһ
û뵽̨ˡɵǿߣڸпֵ̨
Ϊ߼̨ҪֵѶ֮󣬿֪
ǧʢУֵ̨ĴԲΣ֮ľ콾޲ǳĶǿߣĶ޵зۣиһλΪʥ֮𣬾¡
ٿһĺ̨ĳ֣Ȼޱȡ
ս߳
ӮվսȻµջվսһ̨ջ֮Զȴջĺʱ
֣Ҳüһʱ
̨ܿͻرգоѡ
սһˣ¹ҫȴЩʧ䡣
ûжơ
ʵǿܽһʱ̣϶ԽӲһƳսһлҷˡ
ǧʢǽˣǣЩ콾ȥأ
Χɽϵˣûм뿪
ڲ˵ڲͷϷ
ǧʢٺãҲ˵̨õôҲǣЩ˵ܷЩ콾ԼҪġ
콾ı֣ⳡǧʢбֵ쾡¡
ЩתͶ콾⣬޲ǳġ
콾飬Ҳйڣ󵽡
Ϊ췽Ĵ죬ӵѡȨȵȴ߿е˺󣬲Żֵ
죬ѡ˭
ٴԶζŻ̨ڵķͳ¹ҫ
û˻ɣ˻ܾؼڣѡ˭
ʵϣ쿴ó¹ҫϢͲˣΪһǧʢĵڶеѪĳ¹ҫҲ˶ݣû˲뽫ߡ
ǣ¹ҫܸ˷һ۵㡣
ԭ¹ҫʤǧʢϵǶĻѡôһĽ֣ٶԴ˵ġ
֪ƾɱһ
ܹܵüͷ
ҲǸеȡᡣ
Ȼͼᶨ뷨ѡ¹ҫվսУıʵ̫ޡ
ܹҡҡͷ
ΪߣܸоʥĿҲ֪ͳ¹ҫı֣Ȼʥ
ʥֱܹѡ˭ĻͺðˣֻϧֱʥĿ뿪ܹܶûнӵκȻʥѡȨǡ
ʵ⣬ͳ¹ҫֵٳɫҲˣǺ󱲡
˭ϣʥݵʥ档
ԥ£ܹ뿪ɽ壬ɽ壬ҪȺһ£ѯ˵Ͼڴ죬ĵλٸߣҲԶһ졣
ʱڵɽϣҲ˼ҵ



1352 ѡ
ʲôһ𣿾Ȼѡ
ɽϣϹϼ˼㣬˫֣Ⱥָָ㡣
Σ֧ϾʮԷˣҪ÷죬ԺĻһˣкùӳԡ
վս־Σˣ¹ҫеǵѪϵѪıֱ֣ȷĳɾͣҲһܱȵģѡҿǵӶˡ
ǺǣҲôһᡣһλʮط۳ЩεЦЦ
ˣյ֮¹ҫǡֳȻûѪƣֻҪŬĳɾҲ
һ÷ɹ̤۷Ļᣬȳ¹ҫĶࡣ
Χ΢΢ͷ
Ҫѡɡ
һʼ÷Ϊյ֮ߣܿͻƿҪ֮ͻƼ̫ˣĳɾͿޣǾеı֣ȴ֤ˣйյ֮¹ҫˣټϵ洫Ķ
ѪҲơ
ǰ˵ľ飬ɳѸٶҷյͣȱҲԣνҲѪҲѪͻѪϵļޣܶˣѪҲǺһĳɾ͡
ûдѪˣͻƼޣ̤۷ļʸߡ
Ȼ·ޱȼѣ̫˵ڰ;һɹǾǿĲ˼飬۷塣
Թмܳɹܳɹ¹ҫﵽ޺ҲܳԽޡϹϲмЦ
ۡ
֧ѡˣҲ̫֣ⲿֵҲ࣬Ϲϵŭ£ʱЩҡ
ȻҲֳ㣬ѡģֻ̫١
ܹܻҲ޷˵һ¡
˵λǵ̫ˡһͷ˫ӵɽ塣
ڵأĻôȥвʥݴ첻ӡ
Ʋɼá
Ȼ֪ľ֮ѡ˿Ϸ
Σѡɡܹɫ΢
¹ҫ

ϹϺֳͬ˵˶һۣŭһ
Ȼû˶ͬǾɡܹܵ
Ҫ˶⣬ǲܵġ
˶˵ͷ
ܹڴĵλߣһҲŷ
վսҲˡĬ£ܹܻͳ¹ҫ÷ĻһҴûС
˵˻϶ܹܵ˼
ѡ¹ҫܹ˵
ֳ̾˿û˵Ϲ⣬ЩˣܹóʥƺҲ޻˵
ܹ˵
յؽ˼ά涼ѡ¹ҫʥҲһ㣬ˣر𿴺÷ǿ϶ֱ
ȻûУ˵÷ֻ˵ͬĳɫѡ˭ԡ
˶ѡͺˡһλ̾˿
˭֪ǲܵġ
Ȼѡ󣬽ȣҲһ
콾ǺεȽǴվսķͳ¹ҫûѡһ裬һַ񶨣ǵΣ졣
ֻҪ﷽ˣϣҪԹǡһλҡͷ
ܵõ¹ҫҲˣԹޣҲ޿κΡܹܵԥվĿ̨
¹ҫԸ죿
⻰һףԼѡѡ˳¹ҫ
ϧˣûѡ
ǧʢϣѡĹھûбѡдûгֹɣǵһ
ǧʢĹھҲйûѡʱ򣬵ΪڵĶǲתͶˣǿԱĹھ棬ûѡˣȴǴûй
˭ʷϣû½֮˶ء
ھΣݺ޵Σûѡ
˲˲𣬳˵һڵ½֮ˣҲ˵һûѡĹھ̫˲ˡ
Ǻӵˣ޲ǴЦԷ˲мͳ
裬ͬڷ񶨷Ǻݺݳһڶ鳩ޱȡ
ˡ
ĻðɣȴǸе
ĳϣܲģҲȷʵֲ˴죬˭г¹ҫ̫ɫء
ϵѪһ㣬ѹˡ
Ȼѡ񡣡̾Ϣһ̫⡣
ȻҪ˵һ㲻ˬûУҲʵ
ҲԼĽԸǱѡ㣬û˵Լʥң˵Σ˭ţ˳Ц
ϲ㡣ܿԼ飬Գ¹ҫ
ûбѡУǲãʵϵӰ죬ȴûôҲǷǵü첻ɡ
¹ҫһϲڷĶԣȷʵһڵȴĻָ˲١
һʱʧ㲻ʲô̫
ǺǣҲǿġ¹ҫЩֵ˵ţͷӦʽ˴졣
¹ҫһߣֿ̳ȵˡ
ȻûдѪԷĳɫ֣Ҳøʥ֦
ʱ
񷣬âˣ̨ٽӽ



1353 
ǻȫ㣬κһĵӡ
ȻǲʥֻҪԸ룬Ա֤Ҫȥʥá
̨ϣԷ֦
ûѡȨЩͲһûκξߣֻһ˭ܴҪǿˡ
ȻҲȫз
籦֮Լҵĵ̨ݺݴȫؽ磬ȻԷȤ
в֪֪֮Էǧʢı֣̫࣬ѡǣҲûа׷ѹ
ʱ֦ģʥǽʥһЩĵؽ綥
Ƿ̨һǧ棬ֻҪܹˣ׷׽ӵ˲֦ɫˣܵԽࡣ
һЩ콾ҲǽŵΪԼҲǿĻδؾһܱס콾
Ȼ֣ܹעģɻǷ
һǧʢĹھһҲǲ˹ĵ顣

ŸȨ⡣
һҲһ׼ģСѡ
ΪЩСС淨ǿĵرȵȡ
ؽ磬һҪĿģΪ淨
ڵؽ磬淨ûУֻжԼ֮ǲŻ淨һ֣淨ģ֮١
ʥõѡ
Ϊؽǿ֮ϣʥյ淨١
ǣһЩ˵ʥδؾõѡ
ΣԵؽĴͳûдѪķᱻһ㣬ѡ¹ҫԲˡ
ȻһǧʢĹھһУܳҡ
Ȼͱȷģȷ˵ģʥҲûУȻ޷μǧʢᣬûһǰѣѪƣҸء
ȥʥӵĳ̶ȣһʼߣٺͳ¹ҫǾûñȵġ
Щǵĵޣ˵пܼϷȥ˵Ļܵӡ
ǵĵȴ޷ʥȣ淨ģָЩҲδһѡ
ѡ񣬷һʱҲȡᡣ
װʲôβǣһ½֮ˣδжٳɾͣʲô֡ûлӦһвã̲סЦ
ھı⣬ҪغҲˡ˵꣬Ŀ˷һۣȥ
ΧһӰ
˵ɫʱЩŹ֣ˣ¶֮ͬɫ
ȻĳҲвá
ǳ¹ҫЩĳɲκ⣬˶ΪȻǷڷϣǵȴûôá
һܴ죬ָ߸ϵ̬ѹֲסˡ
¹ҫʤʤһĻ΢΢ҡͷ
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һغҲûʲô˲ġ
ͻȻһŮ
˵ʲôغ˵ʱ͵תֲѹӿȥ
һλطʡ
ڶ콾ɸľطʡط棬ǿ߳⣬ҲΪѹ̫ǿʱ򲻺ó档
ЩطʡطҲЩȨĴܹڴĵλ£ƽ߸ϣŻԷĳɣĲ͡
۵ؽ磬ûж˸ô˵غغλطȵ
ô˵Ҳ޵ķʸ
Ȼغûгʥغʼ棬ȴһλ޵зۣǸݺ޵Уºе֡
λʼ⣬滹λ޵зۣغͷչһȻ
ʥҲҪغһӣ׵֮ĶغһɱԶûС
غľطʣҲ˵ˣһµòŮӣϵѹ˿ͬغɢ޾֮
Ůӣ൱ڳУûжʶ
ͷȴͬʱüһ
ʶŮӡ
һǰͺǰϳ֮ǽλʹߣû뵽Ȼ̨ϡ
ôĹغľطĮĿŮӣд⣬һҪúýѵԷһͨʶغĶһ֪ðļһġ
˵ģʹҵ˼һƽ͵Χɽ
æȥ
ֻﲻ֪ʱһɽ壬վһλòӣϴº͵Цݡ
ȥʮطۣûʲôͬ
ȻڿλӵݺдĶǿ߶Լͬվ

ݹ٣ǧʢ԰
̨ϣλغľطʣɵˡ
غĵλ׾ϲǰӵǺηʥ
ǵĸ
ʥھ֮ϣ˵ʲôʥʥ֮ϵĻǾֻһǡ
ֻҪ֣֪⵽ʲôˣʵϣϵ̫ϳǵ֮档
ִƵǵĳǵ֮ĵӣҲһλʥ
֪λǵĸڵؽĵλǺε֮ߣڳУûһܳͨĴţؽ綼ҪΪ֮𶯡
λط͵һ飬Ҳ׹Ůӵʲôˡ
Ҳ֪ȷʵʸ˵غûʲô˲
Ǳ˵غʥҪ¸߹ͷ­
ǲǵؽĺģʥء
غľطʺ޲ôԼһͣ뵽ǵĺ̲ס
ǵˣòŵԳ֣ʥЧ͡
ԵʥϾʥڵؽ绹һ죬ǵǣǾû֮ˡ
ǡŮӣԺһһࡣ
ԭˣǧ֮ǵ̨ǵǡ
Ůӽ֮Ą̊́ʹߣǵǵˣôԶؽǧ֮ǣĿɽ˭
ѹֽ֮û˸ǣѹֵķһʥԳ֣֮Ĩȥ
֮ǵĺ̨ǵǵĻһж˵ͨˡ
̨ʲô
ʱҲڷ׷ײ²ǵ⣬ǧʢᣬûǳֹ˼
ʥĶǿԳݣֱ˳
̨Ϊһˡ΢΢һЦ
ѵ˵ǳų¹ҫģ˶ʱ˳¹ҫ
ǿһǧʢɫģǳ¹ҫˣʤʤܸҲûϵҫ۹⻷
ǰңǰѳ¹ҫˣʹǵǣҲûڶʳɡ
ûм˵ȥǰĿͶ˳еŮӣһЩ˶ʱףλλĸҲ̫
Ŀ£ŮЦһûϸغطһֱۣߵ˷ǰ



1354 
ʲô
Ůߵǰ˶Щ񣬻˵ǴﲻԸȥŰɡ
һ಻ˡŮӿŷһᣬѵõ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ڴǧʢı֣ı֣˶⣬һսļ侫ʡ
Ȼ̨һսŮҲǿġ
ʥΪ֮̾ˡ
ֻΪǴѪڵؽ־ޱʧɫٰˡ
ʹߡһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ôƺԷ
ŮӰ˰ֱ֣ӵϻ˵ιǵģôһ𣿡
⻰һȫʱȻ
ǳ֣Ϊ˷
ȻŮЩѾʶˣʱŮ׿ȷϣȻǸеޱȵ𾪡
Щûⷽˣʱܵ𶯣ǿ֪
ΪʲôǻҪһ½֮ˣ
ûжףǿ½֮ٳɫҲҪۿۣЩʥҲδؾͻȫȫȥ
˵Ŀ⣬λ
ǳȻ⣬ų̂ΪʲôһΡ
ʥԼ˵ȻǾǽ֮ǵĺ̨Ҫ˵ĻֱӴӽ֮˾Ϳˣõȵڡ
Ҳûвֹɴӽ֮ǳ콾ؽĸУûκ˽ġ
˲Ŀ⣬΢΢һЦݣ¶⣬ǵҲƻأֻҪǵһͿˣҲûй涨ǲܲɡ
ûܷ
ʱǴȨĻᶼȣǲҲûƻء
Ȼû˻Բеѵǵһ
ֻҪԸ֦ڳκһ콾ͬʹЩʥ콾Ҳκԥ
Ҳڳ˹ǵģϾǵ̫ˡ
ؽʥأɲ˵˵ģûһܱȵϡ
ǣֻһˡƺǲ³˵ǣٴǿһΣƻصĳŵҲò˷
һĻǻܽܡ
ٴ˿Ϲϵ˷׷¶֮ɫ¹ҫô룬Ͳö֪ˡ
ԸԸߣҪԼԸһλʮط۳ǶԷ֦һ
Щлһ˿ҡ
½磬Եǵ˽Ȼ̫࣬ʵϣؽĴ󲿷Ҳ֪ǵĴڡ
Եǵĵλͽδػ꾡ĽԼ
˵һԳ飬Ͳͬˡ
һЩа㣬ܱǿУȷʵй֮Ҫó壬ҲЩġ
Ȼӵ˵ͷĿת˷ֻҪǣԸΪ״ӡ
~
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λȻԸշΪͽһ͸¶Ϣβ˳Ծ
Ҫ֪Щʥһ˵вʥӣһǧʢǰܽ죬һ꣬ʥĺĵӡ
ʥļӣͨӻǺĵӣЩȻʥ壬ȴʥû̫Ĺϵ
ǶʥڣֵĵӵһֲֻΣͨĳԱ
ʥĺĵӣһûмʥһΣҲǺܳ顣
ЩʥͲֵνʥӸһֻܵԴ˰ˡ
˫졢ʥЩʥӻôʵ
żʥ֣ЩһЩָ㣬ԺĵӵĴãʥĴࡣ
״ӣʥӣȫһ
еĵӣҪԶǱʥܱȵġ
һǧʢ콾棬ʥģҲֻг¹ҫһܳΪ״ӣҲǿܰˣȱȻᾭһϵеĿ飬֤ļֵ
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ʲôǰڳȻǵ״ӡ
Ҫ£ûļֵ
ȷʵûпֻ̫һΨһȴˡ
ˡһλʮط૵ţʥ״ӣ˵ʡ
ⷽʲôطֵõǿ
һ̣жӿ˾޴ɻ
ôűκһóĶҪãֻҪͷǳĵλ״ˡ΢Ц
ֹǺãֱǺõĶˣжвʵʵĸо
Ը⡣˵ͷɵϣȻҲ֪ǺεȵľˣͬʱҲõѡû֮һ
ӭǡӵ
ȥ򳾰䶨Ȼеɻȴûмٷֺ
ƾʲôһ½֮˰ˣҲΪʥ״ӡ˲ܳΪʥ״ӣǴеѪĳ¹ҫǸˣ
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¹ҫܲܳΪʥ״ӣҪĵͷǿ
ѪǺǡ޷ܵ飬ŮЦһ鱦֣֮ƫƫ˱Ѫȷʵ˲𣬵Ǻʥʲôˡ
¡
һᴩصľףͷһ̣˶͵վ
һϢǰûٰȻλϡ
ʥʥŵЩؽĴﴫ˳ϵ飬ֱ𾪵˼㡣
֪ǳҪշΪ״ӣԶԶϢǵĳ֮
ȫ߿ɱԡ
ǳ׿˵Ůӵ
⻰һû˻ɡ
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ѹ֣ѹǿֵزѹֵԸΪ״ӡһλǿʧ
ʥǺǣǾȻһλ￴ȥ޲óԼһơ
ˣ˲ûڵ˼㡣
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ʲôǴѪ߹ǿϵѪҲһϣΪʥˣϣʮֵã
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һǧ࣬ľȫǱ֮תȳΪʥ󣬻ҲͲൽͷˣҪԼѶȼ
ʥڳΪʥ֮ǰûȥĹؿ𲽣ǴʥʼģиǱ߾磬Զһʥǰ;
ؽʥֳ˼λ
ʥνĵѪȷʵʲôǡ
غλطʣϵѪɫһʵһɶоԼվվˡ
ոգȻһδʥ뷨ʹȥ
Χɽϡ
Ǻӵȫɫף֪ԼⱲӣǲ׷ϷˣᱨԭĽԭţڴʱķ顣
׷ϷǷԶԶ˦ں棬˫ٲһˡ
ͨ~
ɽ塣
Ϲϵһӱ龡ĵλϣ˷·һࡣ
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Χ˵Ŀ⣬޲ýѪǹǣǳķŭԹޣ²ͷϹ϶ĸܵ
ʥǺǡֳԳһЦÿϹһۡ
κ˶֪Ϲˡ
ϴţŵ˴콫һλʥ֮⣬ԭǴԵʱ̣ҲõĴȴķˣһ֮ĵ֣˻ᣬһλδʥ
ͱô©ӣϹζܱԭ¡
Ϊ֮ŭ
ܹܱ۾бһƬѡ˷ǵؽ罫꣬ǴһҶǵ¡ֻϧûкҩġ



1355 ʥĹע
¹ҫԼλϣһ·𻯳һܡ
һƬج
ǰãǹʶĿվս˷˿âʤʤ
ڣϵĹ⻷ȴƺһ˵һɶ
ʥĹâǰĴѪͨѪѪ̫ͬΧǣ̫ǲ˿ǹâġ
ɽһƬš
û˸е⣬˶֪ڵľǴˣȻҲûõȥ
ЩԷ֦ģǰûĪ֪ʥǵ̬ȻҲá
ڣȴ̫ˡ
߷ģǱʥ˶һƻҲϧȻǵǣȴκβе˼

˼𺳣ǵĸŮ˵ʥҲǱŵĿɿڴ
Ĳ֪ʥ
ʵϣΪڵĵطڵǵĴо̨Žӵ˳˹
ҲǺãǸŮӳ
ԭЩΪȻǳţֻǲΥˡ
ȴףһ㶼֡
ȻѾ꣬Ǿ߰ɡĿɨΧһȦϡ
ȥɲұ֤ʲô鷢
ϾһʥʧȥǵĻҲǲܡ
šŮӵ˵ͷҲЩûڣһʱ嶯£¶˷ʥʵ
Ȼ
һӣʱâ𣬽ţ˵Ӱ̨ʧ
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뿪˷ɳǷΧһ¡Уһ޴ĴѸٳͣâת
ʱ󡣡˳
ȻͲ˶Զʤʹ÷㣬ʱʹá
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ͬʱ̨аһɽϣâ˳Ƿǵˡ
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ӺȻһЦҲӦԼеŹˣڵؽ磬ҶԵǶֵҲ
֮ԻˣΪ̫ҪΪԷһǿ뿪ˡ
ʮӺ󣬵Ǳ߻·ǻȥӱ۾ܿ˿ȻǺ͵ϵˡ
ٹʮӣܵǣ
뵽˽ڣҲЩźڴϾǵؽʥأԵǵ˽⣬ȷʵǺ١
Ӧкܶɣ·ûд򿪣㾡ʣֻҪ֪Ŀ϶ش㡣Ůӿŷ
á˵ͷȷʵкܶɻ
һߣЦЦȴûп
ʮطۣʵǴڵȼԶԶȫվǰǸоѣͬڿ籩֮С
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ô뿪ĻǱ߻᲻⣿룬ûʱģ볿йص¡
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ĽѾǳˡ
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ңǳҲҵʦ𡣡Ů΢Цʦ󣬾͸ýһʦˡ
һ漴Ȼ
ԭŮҲǵ״ӣôһĻҲܽ͵Ĺȥ
ĳ̨ŮӣӣԺߵĵǸ֮𣬶ˣŮӻ֪Ӷ֪ܣĵλ߲֮Զ
λδʦ㣬û˵Ϊʲô֪ʥ
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޷϶ο϶ģ᷽û˵Լܡ
ΪԷʥ
ôΪ̨ıʥὫĿͶģʥܿյ֮ȼǴѡ¹ҫ
ʹΪһЩ⣬ʥûйעôʥĻôԷҲȻͬ
УȻ֪ԭ
ʦûиԭ򣬵ǣҿԲ³ŮӵǵһǰҸĻ𣿡
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ȻǣŮӼȻǵ״ӣλߵˣûַ䵱ʹߵĵֹţСݵġ
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ǣһ˵ģǵĻͺˡ
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Ϊ״ӺҪѧط󣬿Ҳ׾١
ЦŮЩɻȻһϸڣҲûϸԭʦҪǰߵģڹأҲˣҲЩ飬һλʥڣȴƫƫҪ
飬Ҫ߷ûôˣ˵ҪлǡЦŲ
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Сʦܣݺ޵еʱ򣬱ʦҰŮӴȤ
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ǰУͻȻѿһӵʯ·ǰ
ͨǵ·ˡ



1356 
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ߺ󣬽̺ܿꡣ
ʣµʱ䲻ˣ̨ܿͻرգҲȥ
õҪ콾ˣȻ㣬Ǹģǰ̾ʹڴʧ
ȵһ˶뿪̨񷻺պϣ̨Ҳǳ׵ʧȴһεĿš
Ҳȥɡ
ܹܿ۴ͷɥˣҵϹϵˣҡҡͷ˵
Ҳ˵ʲôοĻ
~
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·
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ģһֻŵĴ˵
Ǻųд˵ʵֻǴ˵ĺᣬԪǷŵģҲǴ˵ĺǡ
翴ģҲĽڡ
ŵĴ˵Щȫͬնǿʥ顣
Ȼηôûиоֻɫ޾ϣڴ˵Ǹо˿
ڳ˯šŮӽ͵̫ˣ˲֪꣬ǵ֣֮򲻻һؽ綼ֻš
΢΢ͷô˵Ļֻ˵±һʥҪǿ
Ǵ˵ҲŲࡣп뵽ֻ磬ֻ֮һʱļţҲ뵽־Ը
磬˭ܲࡣ
ʦ֪ˣȥŮͻȻ
ӵ˵ͷҲڴҪλ
ʱͻȻ
޷ء
һ̣ƽĹž޲񷴹ƺǱסˣһ
ﶼڸס
ʥӴ󾪡
ӦǴķǴߡŮ侲ûʲôţİɣʦģﻹݲôҰҲռǴԼҪֲñˡ
ɫ޾ζţ·ûиоظ׵Ŀֲ
ϵĳǳУֲͬأ綼ֹֻаɫ޾Ȼʡ
ӵУ߳һ޴Ӱͷ񷣬̤Ŵ󺣣ӰǰС˳ı
~
Ӱһ̤·ǿԽ޾룬ʧͬʱֻеһתΧĳѸٱ仯ǷӦʱѾ͵˵С
һǣ羲ֹĸоʱʧ·ʱ⿪ʼ
ʥ֮𺳵˼㡣
ʥ֮䶯ֲֳ֣ʱҲţɫ޾Ǵ˵ˡ
ʥӰ첻˷ֺ⻹ڳ˯ĻλʥҪʰ·硣



1357 ʦ
ǡ
ȻԳΪʵϣȴһĶ磬λھ֮ϡ
ʱ麣ʮƵޱߴϣһɢ޾âӰƾճ֣һֹ̣ͣҲ
޷صת߲ƣҲû
ٵǵӰȻǴ
ؽңԶ룬ǰȴûж塣
Ǻ󣬴ûмж֪̾ͻ֪Լĵ
ķλʥ뿪ǴΪ˺͵Ǹ棬ǿս
Ҳʵ
ʥôݺ޵УҲҶԵǲϾǵ֮ĵ̣ǵؽʥأûһʥǿս
ϣǺһ̣ӴӰ̤նǰ
λʥĽ٣ֲÿһռ䣬˲ʱֹͣĸо
޾磬ΨһӰģǰɫ޾ϵĵˡڵؽطĻ²ö֣̾ͻɽ飬㸲
Ҫ߷ӹӰУһڣ˵⡣
ܡЩڵĴȴʮֵƽ²ȴҲΪ㡣
һǧʢ췽Ȩκһˡ
ѡ˳¹ҫ
Ĭ
ȷʵĵطȥһЩڴѡǰȥĻǻصأҲռƫƫȥʱǴѡȨ
ǴǧʢᡣҲ˵ǡ
ΪǧʢϴûгʥңҲʺϴ졣
һʱƿԡ
ⷽ棬Ҳȷʵվסš
淨ط󣬲ҵ洫˵Ϊʺ淨طĴߣҲûˣȵ˽ط
ȥɣ˿Ц
ǶǺεȻĸоһЩĿ⴩עߵһ⣬Щ˶ʥ
ǺεȵĴȻǾЩʥҲǵһʱ
~̾һ
Ҳ֪һǵϣ󣬱Ͼķ涼ռʦֻʥ̫ѵˣҲ̫ҪˣҲǲԸ׷Ҫһܷ߷
ǣ̬ȣ֪ûϣ
ǿս
˵򲻹ǣʹܴؽʥأκ˶Ļ⣬ð
³çˡ˵꣬΢΢Ƿת뿪
Ҳһص˵ǡ
λʥһߣ󺣺նʱָ
Ǹʥ
ѹֵһֱվڷһߣˡ
ʥڵؽ񷽻š
ʱǣŪȥҲ˴󶯸ɸԭʵϣǵĻҲˡ
ǣ˭еΪǿҲ޿κΡ
ΣٿԿ϶ⷽسʥǲ֪ʲôʱɾˡ

ˡ
ǣڸоʱջָӺŮӶʱ˿¶ϲɫ
ԭأ˵ûеóѡ
Ȼ֪ռ뵽һȴҲ̲סȴǷ
һӴӰһ߽˵ǣȴͬһӰûӰ쵽ڷֺ
ǵˡ
ţɫһ˵ǹȥ
˲ҵ
ʵϣҲҪ߶Զͽʱ򣬾ֱ͵˵סĵط
ڵĵطȻһƵɽ壬վԸǵķ羰ɽۣһǵסĵط
ŮӺӵĴ£˺ܿɽۡ
Ĵųš
ʦ𡣡

빬ŮӺ̹񣬷Ҳҵæһ
󣬷΢΢̧ͷ
λϣһʮ꣬ص·ƽ
Щ
ǵʥ֮
Ҫ֪Ůλطʣλʮطۣ÷е˿ֲѹʥڵȼԶԶӵˡ
վʥǰܵεȿֲѹ֡
ȻʱȴûдӵϣоеĿֲѹ
豹𣿲㡣
ֻ֮ʱ򣬶Էû˿ͨûǲķ豹棬ԶԶԽ˷ĳ̶ȡ
Ҳ˷Ƶĸоǻ˲٣ϣܸоһЩâ֣̺޷
һչֳȻʯ쾪
ӡŮӵôâ¶ϣȴԶԶ
ǵڵؽȻ⣬Ҳƫ˽֮ƳģĿΪšλվƽ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôû˸Ҵϡ
Եⷬʮͬ
֮ǵĶλȷʵ츣ؽ磬ûʲô˽ģ˲ţûб󱨴ͼӽ֮ǳˣѡκһ
Уûκԣֻи
Ҳ˵ǵĳȻ֮ߣһǿؽǿе޵ǿ
һΣǵΥЩԭ򣬱ҡҡͷһǧʢĹھˣ
ûСԥ
һǧʢĹھȥһ꣬ڵķ˵һûС
¶֮ɫ˵ͷɫԸΪʦ
Ը⡣̵



1358 ջ
ʹʥڵؽĵλߵ޷ĳ̶ȣ֮ϣʱĻشҲ̲ס¶ϲ֮ɫ
طģΪǱ
״ӡ
ؽ粻֪˶콾вž֮ԵݣһҪͽ֪˴ͷҪɲ״ӣܳΪҲ֮á
ȻΪֹҲֻĸ״ӣɼҪΪ״Ǻεȵļѣ츳Ǳеġ
Ѽʥ˼츳ǱҲδؾõ¾Ϊ״ӡ
Ͼ˸ǣǾһѣ츳ԽߡǱԽˣΣҲԽ
ʵϣκһʥҪ״ӣǷǳصģҪ츳ǱҲҪ־Ҫ۲һʱ䣬Ż׵״ӡ
ȴǣһʼ;շΪ״ӣˣȻԭġ
ʥһ棬Ƿطûѧϰ淨£ܽطĵһɹõϲڷɳǵĵõ洫һĪľϲ
󣬵עҲһˡ
עŷĳɾͣǹעŷԣһ֪£ıֲʵģҲչֳ飬˵Щıõ⣬Ŀеͽ׼
ΪˣŻһʼ;ͽ
ãӽԺҵĵλ״ˡŹķǳ⣺ʽİʦԺУΰʦ񲻻ģֻһЩǵˣҲҪʧҪΪ˱㡣
ʥչ̫ˡ˵
ҰʦʱҲûʲôʢʽŮҲο˷һ䡣
ʵҲˣŮΪ״ӣ̨ϣȴûʶ
Цҡҡͷ
ЩȽڣǲô⣬Ҳİš
ʥ̫ˡ
ѱ˶ʲô˼ڷûɳܹɱģڵؽĻ»û˸Ҵ⣬ǳ˵ؽͲ˵ˡ
һڵؽ磬ҲҪȥ棬Ҫȥ߲磬ҪԼ
ˣ͵ЩǺ£Ȼᷴԡ
ʦ֮ǰҲܳᣬһվսջ
ʱȽϽţų̵̂㣬ȴǺܺõʱ
˵֮󣬷ŮӵĴ£Աߵһƫ
ǰѰĽǡŮЩĽ˵
ȻҲᣬǶǧʢ˵ȴǳһЩûܹμһǧʢᣬһǧʢ˵ʱû
ʦѵûǰѣһΪȷ˰ʦҲǸ˳ƺ
ɻ
ǿǵ֮ĵ̣Զһʥܱȵģ̨ͬԵ֣֮֮ڷҪ︴̨ĵطǿĵطҲ֮С
һŮҡҡͷ˵̨ĵȻǳʦ֣֮һ޽е漣кܶ޷Ƶɺأϣֻһ̨
ƵĵطڵҲУǱȲ̨
ǴֻҪӮһܽǰξѶ˵ѶȣڵξѣҲǽ˺ܴѶȣǾûôˣסǲӡÿһӡ뿿Լȥ
ҪǣӡҲԶҪӡҪԵޱʵ⣬ҪǱ
תԲҲǸսеξѲã۾ѳ̶ȣ»㡣
ŮӿЦ˵
𾪣ʱ֪ԼõĻǺεȵľˡ
˵һҪ̤۷壬츳ǱԣȱһɡŮӸп
ãûܸǧʢᡣ
ǧʢĿ̨Ļָйأһ㣬¾ʥҲ޷ı䡣
˵Щ̨콾ҪѵѶɻ࣬ȻŮˣҲ١
Ȼų̂ľ˻ҲǲһҪѸʱˣͬʵ۷塣
ǫ̃콾ŬĻᱻ׷ϣԽ
ǵ˷ǧʢܲμ𣿡룬ʵ
ȻԣԵǵ壬Ҫ󶥼֮ǣԽ֮ǵμӣǧʢʷϣҲһЩھǳǵǡŮӵ
ˣˣȽоѰɣɺ󣬰ʦҲ࿪ʼˡ
˵꣬Ůӹƫţȴû뿪һڽеǵξѣľѳ̶ҪһЩҫľ֮⣬ҲŲС档
Ҳҿ̫طʵѹӰ쵽
Ȼ
ܿƽ۾
ΧĺڰһɢŹâֳڷǰٷҳ
һ̺ŵָ֡
վսʤջ֮Զԣһγֵ֮࣬ǰκһΡ
Ѿʮ֣ռȫһƪ¡¶֮ɫ
ϣջǼ֮ˡ
лĻܲҵǱ飬໥жĻ档Ѱ˼š
ߣǵ֮һӣ֪ǲǵ֮棬Ǳˡ
ڵǣ˵пҵԭ
һջ
һֻͻգӷĿȥֻĵϣ˸Ѻۣ볹׶ѣ١
ףҪ׶ѣԼת޷ܡ
֪Ҫã
ƫһǣŮӾȴţ²ⷽʲôʱɢ֮⡣
Ĳ²⣬ҪϺһ
Ȼһǣ۾ûãڣҫһĹâ·ʮء
ףȻô죿
𾪹𾪣ŮӺܿͷӦæץʱ䣬־֮Ҳҫϡ
ͬǺ⣬ҫϣŮӻůģ˵
ʱţůĸоԽԽǿңģ¶ҲǱԽԽߣڿҪתΪ棬ȼԡʱͻȻ䣬ůĸо糱ˮʵһɶ
ŮôץסҲ޼¡
ϾⲻھѣǷھѣһЩ
ŶáŮӿЦ۾ŲԶѾƽ֮⾡ķ𾪡
ҫ֮ľˣɾѣӦ̶ֳȵľ֮Ҳȥ
Ǵ˰
ȻǺܾ⣬ڷľ֮ҫ£ŮҲǵõ˲ٺôӡҲźܴջҲˡ



1359 棨ϣ
˾Ѻ󣬷ת
оı仯ǿתšţȻǰʵǰٳ߸ͷһҲϲá
ȻеģȻǵξѵһ֣ûгɵξѣǴı仯ҲǲС
ת󣬻ӭһڣͻͽŮӵ
š˵ͷڵľѳ̶ȣۺ̶ȣԶ֮ǰҲԶˣĻܣ֪ʵȻǼΪˣǲɱ䣬ǰѵĺôһӱһ̤طļ߲ΣҲǲܡ
ھطʣָ
طʺͰط֮Ĳ̫Զ֮ǰԽÿһ֮ĲԽҲԽԿԽ
Ůӵľѳ̶ȣҲ˵ξѣȷһ㣬תȷΣʵԶҲſΪطʶѣǵ״ӣ츳Ǳ־ȣûһˣҪΪطʵѶ֪֮
ʦǹȥʦ࿪ʼˡŮͻȻһ
ȻѾ֪ǳˡ
΢΢ͷŮӺ˳ȥ
ʦУ˽ȥʱѾ˲ˣһ϶ӿǿϢȫǵǵĴ
ʯҲС
ҪҲ࣬ڸļ֤£йʦ񣬹Ľһʦ󣬾ʽΪ˵ĵλ״ӡ
ϲյüͽ
ϲɺء
Ƿ׷վأЩ֪ĵϸģ֪ʥ
ԭΪʦ;л˳ɣʵȴ֤ˡ
Ǻεݣڵϣ˵ĻһԾŶ˸Υ״ӣҪֻ˵ǻˡ
Ȼǵ͵£;УҲһЩء
ȫǵؽʥɳ˴صͽ
ͽȴЩʥҲԸĻᣬֻҪ䣬Ȼʥɾʥ֮ʱؽǷ¡
ˣЩʥǰأҲǰãҲǺ⣬ɳһλǰ
һȱ;뿪󣬹ڣҲֻʣ˼ˣһ⣬ǵ״ӣҲһľӢ
λ״ӣ˴Ӻڵؽ磬ʱϲ⣬ȫϯ˰ʦ
˸λվ
ǣʦ𡣡
Щɻ󣬲ȴҲûжʡ
һ̤ǰУһƾճ֣ϢĴһš
СʦܣڲǰʦͷϷĶ΢Ц˵
һȥʮĹͷ꣬ĸߴ󣬽һǿҵѹȸУͬ˸ƵΡɽ塣
ǵĵڶ״ӣͱ֪϶٣ǰͱΪͽܣʵҲɲ⣬һλʮطۣϵѹʯλֻǿ
Է۹;磬ȴԷֱ棬嵽ǿ˺̶ֳȡ
ڵ֮˽ݡ
Ůǵǵĵĸ״ӣ˪ڰǰͶ£ոճΪطʲá
ʦѵһͽܣ״֮䣬Һʦܣ꣬˪ԭΪһ״ӣҲҪٹ֪꣬Źôʱ䣬˷㡣
ʥҲѹʦˡ
˵
ڷǺܿġ
΢΢ͷĴڣ۹һʥߣҪͽȻûôףҲˡ
˹ź󣬷֣Լһãޱȡ
ȻȴŲ˿Уֻϡһ
ţǰȥɢĹâƺеĳγ˹ǰʱƬƬɢ¶һƬ
ֻʦĵԼ󱲣ܽ˵أÿһӣӦһƬ򡣡֪ǵһڽ͡
ףֵôĻ֮ĵӣӦòֹһλģȴ֪
ǰ
ԣҵ˪ۺǰȥ
ʦǵյλ״ӣΪ޴תݼʦһңҲӦʹ͡
Ȼʦڵؽ磬ҲܸӦ㡣
֮𣿡Щţǰ˼ϣͻȻһʯɵš
ûԥȥߵʽݼ˵֮档
~
񷶥һâҫڡ
âУһỺ֣·磬ɽӴأޣ쳾󲻶š
Ȿǰҳͣ˵ҳϵ£һЩ֡
塢˪ֺȻУţâת˪·һµֳָ
ֳֵһ̣̾͸оԼⱾ֮䣬һ˿صϵ
ᡣӺ󷽴ǶĶ֮𵽱ãǴǧʢ־Զϣʱϵʱ伫̣ǧʢҲԶʧ
ΪһĵӣȻλǰС
СʦܣСǰеı仯Ҷڵҳϣζţıˣʹڵؽ䣬Ҳܱסһ飬䣬¸Ļᡣ˵
Ľ£ܿ׹֪еĺô
ҪѶ˵Ҳ˵СҲСͨ£ᣬᱣʱ䶼ޣʱŶʧ
ֻǰҳ֣ôڣʼı
ң̶ҲǲͬԽҳˣĳ̶ȾԽͣᱣ£ܸҲ˵ԴӰ쵽츳ǱԽҳĴ۾Խֻǰҳˣı
Ȼֱڵؽ硣
һ뿪ؽ磬ıδˣǰҳҲܱסһ飬ۼأҳ˸˾͵䡣
ǧʢڼ䣬ᣬʱȥĻκˣʱӦģʱҲǼݡ
ؽˣ֮٣ǰҳģٵĿ
һҳֻһ֣Ǿǵ֮档
ڶҳǵ֮ĵԼʥ
ҳ֮ͽҲܽ룬ȻһЩʮطۣԼʥ״ӡ
ֻΪؽ´󹦣о˳ɾͺ͹׵ʮطۣܽҳʥ״ӣҪҳѶȸҲֻʸ
ؽвʮط۴ͷƴƴȴҲ˵ҳᡣ
ǳ˵֮ͽ͵С



1360 棨£
󷽣˳ĳҳ
Ҳ΢΢ͷһǷǷϣζλͽڤڤеõ˲֪ںδĵ֮Ͽɡ
𣬷ǵСʦˡ˵̬ȻԵķһЩ仯ĸһЩ
һܽǰҳǵĵӣȴûôˣ漫ɫ֮ˣпڡ
˵ҲЩп
ûõķ˪ͬǰͳΪ״ӣʵɲ⣬ȻͿ֦ɢҶ¼ͽҲȱе״ӡ
ЩӣûһǰҳǵĴǺͱʥ״һ㡣
õϿɣʽǽʦʹˡŮ˪¶ڴ
ݵ֮һ֣ǵõ֮Ĵ衣
Ȼ֮治֪ںδϵȴжϣͬģҲͨᣬʹ֮
˪Ҳڴǳ
ǵҼһΣʦһĵرʦ淨޲֪ҲʺʦطǸһɳɳԵĵرʺҵѪϣ㣬ĵرȻǿĵرû֮һ΢Ц˵˵֣ҲŶԵ֮ĸм
˪Ҳǵͷ
ҵõһ淨˵
ȥһ淨㲻ʲôϾǵǣȱʲô淨Ϊ״ӣҪѧ淨Ҳʮס
ǣ˪飬ȴûκʧ
С淨Ƕһ޶ģʦصΪ˵ʺ淨ֻҪ㰴ͰȥȻ淨ʣ硣
ǣ׵ġ˪æ
˶ûǵĻһ˿©Ĵ˷
ˡ
ʲôֱ޷
ʺϵĳɳĵرֱڣǿĵرⲻò÷ޱȡ
˸е˼ģһֱܳɳʮ켶ĵرʺ壬һ㡣
Ҫ֪ÿ˵Ѫͬȫһģһó¹ҫ˵̳ȵǿѪǣʹõĵرȴ϶죬СҲš
Ҫڵǵõʺĵرһ㶼ѣҪҵ˵ϵĵرȴǼС
ǣ֮ȴôһĵرɳ
ѵ˵ɵ֮Уûôɺϵ飬صΪġ
˪Ļ÷ȷһ㡣
һ淨ӵĲ˼飬Ȼ淨ѶϣȲϵ洫ˣͬĲΣΪϣӳܣȵ洫淨
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˭ϣ淨ǣôأǵ˼߲ΣǳΪʥԼϵ淨
ǡ˼顣Ȼû֤ΪԼĲ²ⲻ
֮ľ磬͵޷⣬Ҳ޷ĳ̶ȡ
ʦֵõĵرʦõ淨ôأһ뵽㣬μ棬Ҳǿڴ
ǺǣСʦҲʶˡЦ
ǷӦ˵ڲͷϷ
ܵõ֮Ϊʹ֮ͣõĴ컯
Ҳǳڴ૵
״У츳Ǳ˵һĻҲǽɾߵһ
ʥ
ؽʷϣ㷽Ļֻʥһǵ֮档
ͬʥֻ֮ʲôβõڴ֡
ᾲڷǰ
ǿҵĹâɢݳ棬·һ̫۵ĹâҲֱӡ
ţоһͬĿƺԽ޾ңԶľ룬Լϡ
Ŀ·ܿһУʮκܶΡ
Ҳ̲ˣ¶͸ĸо
ʦĿ⣬һУҲܿҪʲô˵ȻȻҲİ
ԣŻõĵر˪ǵõ淨
ǵ֮ġ
Ŀڷͣһᣬ漴ʧȻϱӿĹâȴԽԽʢˮ㲼á
ȴʧˣܿı仯޾Ĺâӿţȴٳûж֡
ô˪Щ졣
ʦҲڿǣøʲôɡ嵹Ȼ
ʥκ˶ͬ
ҲļǶ㹻ĵȴ
һͻȻһ죬漴ҫ֮ĹâУɳһ˷ϣţˮâҲ̼ʧ
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һ淨Īĵر
˪Ǹв²⡣
û˵
վĶϵЩŹ֡
һɫֻƴС̵һص飬ٷδ
ĵرֺ󣬷̾׹Ǿʲôȴǲö֪
ʦģҲ֪ʲôʦĿûжԥɫ񽻸˵
˹ȥϸĶһҡҡͷ󣬺ɫǴ˪о󽻻˷
Ҳʲô΢΢üĵرҲ֪κһ̵飬Ҳδ
˶٣οȻʦģǱȻڣԼúôĦɣ˵ʲôʱŪܡ
ǡ
Ҳûôʧ֮óֵģǷֻʱֲ˰ˡ
ˣ͸һ䡣
˵صĹâһδ򿪣ԭ·أص˽ʱĹ
˪ȥ
һºңһ㿪ͨȨޣһڵǶȹߣ࿴Ը
ԴˣȻκ
ȻڣʱĽתҲѧϰطĵڶ㣬ǣЩ
̫֪ϵĲ㡣
½磬֪ͼʶϣ޷˪ȣЩ֪ͻ֪ʶʮֵҪܰõʶ磬ҲŸΪӽ硣
Ȼϳ֮ǵʱ򣬲һЩǺ͵ǵղ˵ȫһġ
ֲȱͲĺûᣬкܶණҪѧϰա
һµʱ䣬ҲǳⷽĿǡ



1361 

վΰǰϡܿ
ܼҲص֣󣬵ȴղ֪֮ܺʶ¼صģҲйϵ
ڵؽ磬˵һָҲֻĶ磬Ƶʥز֮ȡ
ҲǵΪҪĵط֮һ
΢ʱһţ
ţ
Ŀ΢ûг¥Уһķڡ
ɫ㣬Χܣε
˷⣬ûˡ
÷ЩȣǵҲ٣ǰͿ˶ۼһ¥֮Уϵͼʮơ
ǺȻĲͬһط
ͻȻ
һõӰڷǰѸţֳһСͷЩʡ
¡ͷ
ǣȵóͷ࣬ӦһĴڡ
¿ԽΪ顣ͷ꣬ղأ淨ȵȣܶ鼮Ŵ̺ǿصЩ꣬ĳһ죬һ塣
һ壬ڣϡ٣̵ֻĴʲôԸҪѰʲô鼮¾ԷԸࡣ
ͷ鹧
档΢΢̾ϢǹȻ޷Ĵڣһ²١
⣬ǵڲ˴ʱڼ䷽ȥǣͼʶһţߵĵر֮صĽֽ̺
ڵǣƵ鼮ǿ鼮٣Ǿۼһ𣬻ᵮһ飬Ҳǲܡ
ˣôҵ£
ǵ״ӣȻǵ֮𡣡鹧
״ӣݵλ֮ߣ֪
Ҳ׹ΪԼĵλߣűͽǰ̣ҲǵǴȨ
ҪһЩ鼮Ҳûн飬ֱӿ˵ԼĿġ
鹧ţ׷Ҫһӣϣʱİ鼮
Ѿˣ¡
ЩԾվߵǰĳеһȻ֣һźܻ鼮
ңⱾ鼮󣬿ճĵط̲һ÷ףзԼҪ鼮棬γ֡
Щ鼮Ųߣ᲻Ӱ쵽ˣ룬ʵ
·ģ鼮࣬ͬʱʹã̺鼮ϡ٣ҪȴˣͬλˣӵеȨ޲ͬеʱҲһæ͡
˵ͷ
淨Ҳܽģ
ԣʱֻܲ쿴ǰ㣬ơص
û⡣
Ȼǵ״ӣǱϾŸոţҪ˵һʼܺƵĲ쿴淨ģҲ̫ʵˣҲûĿԡ
淨ĺ漸㣬޲֮أһЩ˵Ǻײôڡ
״ӵݣ˷ߵĵλҲһ졣
뿴йߵĵر鼮أʵ
ܱǸµȨʱ
Դ֮أ
Ȩ޲

һ˺ü⣬Ȼ󲿷ֶȨ޲ܾǶҲĹء
ǵȨ޷ֳ߼һȨ޾ǵ֮棬ӵ߼ȨޣûκأҲŵһеĴȨ
ڶȨޣǵԼˡ
ȨޣǵǵĸԼЩһĴȨޣѾ㹻ʹˡ
Ϊ״ӣҲǵȨޣΪոţʱֻ˵αλȨ޺ļȨ֮䡣
ʹˣڵǣҲһλ߲ˡ
Ҫһ飬ֽСעŵ֮һЩ¼
עԵȡͷⱾ顭Ȿ龹Ȼڡ
£Īǲࣿ
üڣ᲻Ūˣ
Բᡣն˵һ̺Ŵ鼮£ͳɳΪ˼Ĵڣ൱һܸӦڵκһ鼮Ȿ飬û󡣡
ң⻹Ǽŵ֮¼϶ģ仰û˵
֪ˡ
ĪɣӦòѣǷҲܿ϶Ǳ϶ţֻ֮
֮ԻˣǱֻ֮޷ͨĨ˴ڵĺۼ
ֻء
ҡҡͷһط顣
Щ鼮Ȼڷʽһ飬ʵȴϢļ壬ֻҪ﷭ݻнԺգ˿ٶȼ졣
ʱ䣬󲿷ֶ󣬵ȻҲѭŵķԸߣ࿴
ĵλȨޣǴ󲿷ֵطܽ硣
ʱĺܿ죬һתۼҲ˵סɽ塣



1362 ָ
ɽ£첽ϡ
סĹŴţȻ֪Ҫ
ȷȥϷӰһڷǰͬһͨˣȻȴݵĿֲ︩ףһ˫۾·̺һ磬Ȼվȴھ֮ϡ
ʦ𡣡
ջСŷ
ǣǳһµĿûʵжٱ仯Ǽʶ۽Ŀȴ÷ʷЩ΢仯ͶԴݡ
˵ͷԷı仯Ҳּɡ
кδ㣿
׼תȻʼطĵڶ㡣ԥõġ
תס
Է˵Ĺûκѣκڣûĵص㡣
תǰתڶľУصھġ
ǰܣתҪ̫֮߳࣬Ҫ󼫸ߣҸطġ
Ǹ߲磬תĵط٣ǻҪǰȫԣ⡣
Եؽ˵һתĵطܺңҵҲռĵطΪصأڶתѶȾͼˣϳ֮һĽ֮˵ĵط޼֮һĽ֮ѹûУ۵ؽ磬ҲֻЩްԼĴӵС
תĵطֻжˡ
Ȼⲻ˵µˣ޷תˣûȶĵصˣܹͬתǷĵطҪԼʱȥңܻϺܳʱ䶼һҲܺòҵĵطȴȫȵȡ
ڶ˵ȫûⷽ⣬ռתĵطԼʡȥһ̣Ĳ¾磬Ƽ
תϣˡ
ǲģǺεȴڣҪôһط׾١
Ȼһ㶼⣺һٶദطܽתклһһص㣬õ֮أʦʦ㶼ܡ

һתĵطûУȴһٶദ
תõģط󡭡˵˶٣Ӿ󣬿ĵڶ㣬ʯҲ׼ã֪Ϊ洫
ط淨˵洫ʲô壿
ش洫⣬˺һ䣬ȴǻصӲ֪
΢΢ͷһ洫ӦҲ˽⣬ҿԸ㣬õ洫еط˽Ȼͬҡ
ʦط󶼲ͬһ
õ洫ζԼеĵ·طѧϰģ£㣬ڴ졣뷽С
Ȼִ첢Ǳ쳵طĻڣҵõ洫ʱ·յ㣬ҲӦÿˣֻҪͰĽɡ
ط㲻ȫհѧϰĵ·˼·⣬ţطȻų貵Ĺâ
۾
ʱҲ׹Ŀģҵ
ȻǶ̶һϯȴ÷é󿪣һֶĸоӿͷ
ˡеطȻط󣬵һ𣬽ӡӡΪר淨洫塣
ѧϰطȴ˾裬ֻģ¸Ƶˣ֪߳١
㻹ʲô⣿¶֮ɫǳˣֱӾ˼
ǡҵԼһЩɻ˳ǹطҲйܵȡ
Ҳ߲ܣһ仰΢Դ壬÷Ȼ
ڣһصķΧУУƵתţŵĴҵ·ޱʤɢ
û˷ѻᡣ
ʥָ㣬Ǻεȵѵã۵ؽ磬ˣȿ״ӣҲʱʱõʥָ
ϾʥҲʲô¶ûУָӵĴҲࡣ
һԣǵӳָĻᣬлܵɻ˵ָ㡣
ʱĺܿ죬ͣʱѾȥһ졣
ʱķһγѵĸоҲоεջСָкܶ඼һʱģҪȥ⡣
ˣ°ɣʲôʱҪȥʱҡ˵
Ӹˡһ
صס󣬷̿ʼչأһεָãֱʮʮҹ󣬷ƹض
ɷӿŵϢԨ纣֮ǰĸΪǿ
ʱתˡ૵
Ѿ׼һУ״̬Ҳ¾㱸ֻˡ



1363 ת
ģԪǡ
ԪǡԪǡԪǵڵĺڰ½ǵؽھĿٳҪݵأλΪҪԪǣǺڰ½ĺҪء
ֳǳУʥ֮ǶŸԵĵ̣ΪԪǵľݵ㡣
һЩĵ̡
Ȼؽǵ޵ʥأǣе޶ڵؽ磬ҲвǿޱȵĵڱĶ磬Ϊϱõڵؽ粻ܵõĸλ
һЩڵؽĲĵޣתȥ˱ĶȴķˮҲǳ¡
ΪһڳռݵĵУһЩҪȵؽĶʥҪҪҪúãҲӽԪǵĺġ
˭֪ԪǵĺģͰڷŴ˵ĺǡ
Խ˵ĺǣܻõĺôԽӦģλҲԽߡ
ǵؽʥǵõֵ֧ĵޣȴûһռݺġ
Ԫǵĺģֻһͳ£Ǿǵǡ
ǵؽʥأҲеߵãűĶֵ֧ĵޣҲûһҶԵ֮治
ԪԼڰ½Ͼǵ޵硣
ʱԪǺļһ¥УһλݵĻȴš
ףϣʲôѵʲôҪƿһλߴ˽ߣΪ֮һ
һ˵ţҲ̤롣
¥ǵĽڵ㣬˴ӵؽ磬ֱӵ辭;ǵǵרá
Ļ뿪ģᾭ˵ء
Ҳʲôˣʹڵ㣬ҪߵȨޣֻ֧ߵıꡣ
ӣԪǵһλ߲㣬ҲһһΣһλΪɫ˴Ԫޡ
Ϊλ˿ԼĻߣӦҲһ
ϾҲֻнӺ󱲣Żһ˹ǵǵʲôĻǾģֻлߣԼ϶յϢġ
һȴûлش
ҲΪ⡣
âصĵĳڿУ㱼䣬·Ůڵֻһ޴ĹŸֳ
ţһע⵽ųֵʱ򣬻ߵʱĽЩ֡
ſһ˳һԵȴӣ϶ʱ¶ϲɫ
档ǰһӹһ
ӵ˵ͷҪȡĽܳ󱲣յ˵Ӧôˣղſֱ֣ȴ˺ģûм뿪
ôߡߺһۡ
ʲôҲ뿴ĺǺε΢΢һЦǸոյҲ¶֮ɫ
Щѿ׼˵Щʲôʱâӿǵƾճ֡
ˡ
˵Ŀ⣬ڹϡ
âȥӹ߳ڵˣҲ΢΢һ
£ǸӭӵµĻڡߴϲæǰһҲǱĹ֡
Ѿźסߵ
˵ͷĿƽ˻
£ӻһ¶˼ɫڵǣܱ˳ƺģûмˣҵλߵˡ
ȻԪǵĸ߲ǷڵǣͲʲôˡ
ԷȨޣԶ֮ϡ
׹߿϶ͨĳ֪λص͵ĵҪŻרȴ
ܽλ£ĺôԶӰԪǵĵλ׾١
ߵĶܿ죬ӦǰѾŷ뿪¥ֺޣ޿κΡ
λһ֪ɲóȻȥһãûֺãȴ˶ԷͳԲ˶ˡ

վĴǰԪǡ
ڶԪǡ
ǰһεĴҴңһȴ࣬ԪǵĽڣҲǸ洫˵ﺡǵĿֲѹ
͵ĹâӲԶĸҫλڵص׵ĳǳյ硣
ǹԪǵĺġ
ǰһʱ򣬷ֻԶԶţܿھվڲԶҪϹҲǲܡ
ҡҡͷջ˼
ϣ׼𣿡ʵ
վ
ģڵİ£ûоˣֻлһ֪ԴˣҲûʲô
ʻæص£ѾڵһͿʹá
𣿡
תĵص㣬Լȥңֱдͨʡȥصʱ䡣
ǣҲʱܶãϾǵؽ磬Ҿ뼫ΪңԶҪһ
һʱ䣬ǿԽܡ
ĵĻȥһ֮أСĵĿ˷һۣ
֮أ˼壬ȻԪᴫ˵ﺡǵĵط
ѹڰ½ĵıҲűá
ԣЩ⶯ڵԪ粻֮ǰһ֪֮أҲĿ֮һ룬ҡҡͷ
ȥɡ
һʱˣûҪ֦
ˣиˡ֪׼ȴԼ״̬ҲҴţܿȥ
ֻܿʣ˷һˡ
۾
ա
ڻߵĴ£һ¥һӴĴ󻺻תţâʳ
ǰ̽˴ĺģʱһŷӵͼγԺ
һ𣬴ڵλãһ·ߣǰͣһϣǴ͵Ŀꡣ
ͨһٶദ֮أڴǰȻҪȷϣûд

ȷĿ󣬷ʱ˴󣬹âû˷塣
¡~
һȷԼλá
ֻһ޴ϣ̷ֳ룬վλá
̵ĸޱߵĴӾţһӳֳ֮ɫޱߵϢɢݳһߵĴͨīڣ֮ͬӣɢϢ
֮Ŀһ
嫵Ĵӣ֮ļ壬ŵ֮ǿ̶ǷǰδģҲޱȵĴ⡣
Ȼ˹󡣡Ϊ֮ݣ棬֪̺˶֮
òٵת
ܣ֮ԶһĵޣǰȴȫҪĻ᲻
ţͻȻĿһ
֮γɵĴԣżֻŲżһںˮ֮γɵĴڣ׹֣¶һֻ
Щ΢ĳЩˮⲽ飬ǳں飬֮
һ֣÷һ
Щ֮ĵȼ֮ߣ±ǰ֪֮߳٣Ըо̺ϢвԼֻǺֲ磬ڽӽʱȴԶʧ
ѾתҪĳ̶ȣ̵Ŀ£Ӧܿת÷Ľ
˵õ֮ء
ͿԼڵ̣⴦֮صģѹӡ
ûæſʼĿ⼰ԶϸΧӵ£գȷûκβ׺󣬲ų
ʼɡ
˿ڳȡһ뿪ǰ͸ģרƴ˵ص̣
̵Ŀƣû֮κ⡣
̵ģͻȻһȱڣȡ˽ȥܵķһ𣬾ԭһƵġ
һ̣̿ʼתתʱӴߵӡ



1364 ֮

ӿ̵Ĳ֣޷Զγһ˺Уɢſֲ֮ĺˮĽӽ̣Ȼ˽ȥ
ԽԽֳ̣̣֮һ߱ĲԴΣһ߱īֱԼ֮
ȻϵķȴûиоκεϢɢݳ·̣ͬĿռ䡣
ģ̵Ŀ£һ̹ɳͶ˷ڣʽʼ

֮ڣȴﵽһ̶Ⱥ̵֮Ŀ½롣
~
֪˶ãȻ䳹׷鿪ϸӡ
У֮Լ֮뷽Ƭʼ˽һںϡ
壬ʼۡ
ԽԽֲѹҲǴӷлɢݣ̥ǣڼţǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ӣһζһ˱𣬷·ڸе
Ƕԣּ֮ʵֲ̫
ֱ֮ͻ֮뷽ںϽӲƽָ
۾
~
âȻ˲Զ֮ӣ̺˾޴˻
£ǿ֮÷һֻּ䣬ܷգһеĸо
ȻһִҲܿʵԽ֮
ȫԽƿصĳ̶ȣոսǿֱɢݳ
ˣܸоԼڵţȻٶȻǻûеﾡͷ
ת֮Զǰ
ΪǵҪΪξѣ֮Ľһںϣڰ˼֮ǿ𽥷˳
ڵڰ˼֮ƣӦܺͳ¹ҫϵѪֲˡ૵
Ѫƺܴǰڣϸ˵֮ǰľ;ʵ仯ǲ¹ҫģϾǿĴѪˡ
һʼǿǿѪĻЩǿߣͿʥ
̨ϣҪõ洫طԼܼĶԵޱʵ⣬ƽ˱˴˼Ĳ࣬ǻ˳¹ҫ
ڿʼ֮ϵĲ౻Ĩƽȵתǳ׵ĳԽˡ
Խ󣬱˴˼ĲԽ
ʱó¹ҫͷһͬתĻҪսʤûվսʱôˡ
֪ڵңǿ˺̶ֳȣʵ˶١
оתɣӿǿҲ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ʵεĻ֣Ȼء
תתʣתۣתǵؽʵֱ׼
Ȼһֱ׼һţһ콾ģЩ콾ȴȫá
ڶתʱʵʹﵽ˷ĲΣʦ˪ҲתǷʡ
ͬʵΣҲŲͬĻ֣ϾͬһڣҲǼ
ǰطԷֳĸСΣֱΪڣڣں۷塣
̨ϣʵͼΪӽڣܳ¹ҫһʽһΡ
ˣµķҲڳȷ֮ϡ
ڣת󣬷ԸоԼʵͻͽԶ֮ǰ
ڵʵԳ˷ڣǷڻǷ۷壬Ͳ˵ˡ
һӿԽһСΣĽ֪֮Ǿ콾Ҳô˵ĿԽһź콾˵תˣʹתδܿԽںͷ۷壬ˣǰѵĹ͡
תԲǰʵҲнĿռ䡣
ͬʱľ磬Ҳǽ˶ľ۷壬γ˾ĵͶӰ麣ͶӰ㶦
ǣľ۷Բкܳһξ룬֮ûзɱ䣬Ȼǵ߼ߵȡ
ȵԲʱ򣬾ĵ֮ɱ䣬֮γƽ⡣
Ȼת̤תˣҲͨԣ޵һ硣
֪˶á
ջ˼ȻҪƿԼָʹ󣬲Ż뿪
պ󣬷վӡϵĴϵԪǵĴ漴뿪

Ԫǡ
һͿ˹ȴĻߣȻ߽ӵعѶš
ϲ£ɹʵӷϣоһǿѹȸС
ĸоޱȡ
Ҫ֪ǾطʣתҲǰطһһʸоѹβ˳Ծ
ȻⲻʵҲˣҲܿĲ
ǵ״ӡип
֪ʥ
ڶԷıûдڵҲֻЩμӰʦĴ֪ǲеġ
Щ̨ϵĸ򱻵˷
ȻϢܳ׷סʱڣҲ￪ȥ˾֪
Իߵݣ϶֪ʥĿǰǲ֪ġ
뿪˶ãʵ
뿪˰ꡣߴ
ꡣ
΢΢ͷû̫ԤϣԽҪʱԽһɵġ
׼ȥ֮أû⣿
ȥȻʱȥߺԥ˵ԷݣȴҲʸ
Ǻáס
֮أһĵطȻǴ˵ǵأѹֲ޷ܣԪǵط
ȥĻѹᱣڰطĳ̶ȣǻߣԾطʵѹ
ˣ̤֮غ󣬻һͶӰӦŴߵʵԽͶӰʵҲԽǿܲսʤֵͶӰһ·ʤȥգͬĴ˵
˵ﶼսʤ˵ܵõ޷ĺô˵һεߵĵرҲ˵һӡ˵д˵桭
˵硡
ǣûһ֪յĽʲôΪ֮سδӮ
Щ²⣬Ҳǲ²ˡ
Ƕսûʲô뷨֮һѵء
Խһֲ鶼֣֮սЩ̨ͶӰǺܺõս
ľ
ڣոתڣƿأҲ̸ҪӭսһУԼѹե㣬ӳսеõԼʵ÷״̬ﵽ۷ĳ̶ȡ
ǽ֮磬ﵽתԲǽξĽУЩҪں档
̲ոͻƾҪǵģȶľ磬κ



1365 ͻ
˵ĺǣڹ֮أԴ˵ĺγɵ硣
Ҫ֮أ辭ԪڣһЩصԽ롣
Ȼκˣʸ֮صġ
ǰõǿԪȴԶ֮أڵ˵Ȼκ⡣
˵֮ظ˵أԽˣ֮ܵųѹƾԽ󣬷ˣ̫ܵӰ죬ǶһǧµˣǲӰ쵽ǵʵӡ
ڻߵĴ£һ㣬âߵӰʱʧ

֮ء
һɽȣݲΧɳʱ¶һ麡ǣɢǿϢһЩǼܵڵϡ
˵صķΧһ㶼֮
һ־һģ»ᱻŵĵľһʵӲ١
ʸ˵صģ޲콾֮ŵ̶ֳȵˣǷǳټ
ʱټɽڣȴֻһˣ֮صڣȴۼˣЩṳ̂ɽȣĿȴȫۼɽڵϡ
ĿԿһͬ￴
û˱ʾʲôȣǶ֮
֮غһˣ̾ͻᱻĶռУѣҲӰ쵽ֺ
ˣҲսĿҲֻܿʵĳڵ˾͸˵ˣһģӰ
ֻʮطۣܿ͸ս
ȻǴµ˭ռϷ磬˭·磬ǿģɽ˵ļսҲǿĽ֣սȭͷ޲ôź
ͻȻ
źӰȻ䴩˹صĺϣҲ͵Ѫĺˡ
ͬʱŵҲʧˡ
~һ̾Ϣ֮Ⱥз˶ϧ
ʮأҲ
ҲȺУһӢЦмĿˣо
νĵؽ콾Ǻǡ
û˵꣬ȻӲмζ˭ܸܵĵ
ӢӵĻȫŭˣ˵
֮ڴվŵȺˣμֱԲͬĵطߵԵؽ磬ұߵЩˣԵؽ֮ĵޡ
ȻԵؽ磬ȴû˸ҳƺΪ½֮ˣΪȫǶˡ
˿ȵؽѷɫ
ԪǣۼĲǵؽĵޣġ
Ӫ֮䣬ԪǽһĦìܾûʧʱȳЦѾá
ؽˣǵ޵ͳ߸ϣĵ޷
ĵޣĶ磬һҲ󣬵λ֮ߣȵؽЩͬȾ硢ͬʵĵ޸߳٣ͬޱȵĽ￴ùЩԼǰһȡ
һ𣬲ֵͻìܣǹ¡
£ǵĸ߲Ҳһֻ۱һֻֻۣҪ˫ֳʲô¾ͲܣȻҲûгʲôӡ
ؽһռ˼ơ
Ͼʥز˵˵ģõĴУõĵرǿ淨ȵȣĶؽ磬ǵҪϵֲǵޣһϵϣȻܺ͵ؽȡ
ȻżҲһЩ֣ЩڱĶ緢չĵޣżҲݺ֮Ӷѹؽһ
Ƕѹ磬ѹ磬ֻǣ磬ҪѹؽĶ磬ǼΪ
Ҳ˵ؽǿҵԽС
ʱӢӵļʱһըˡ
쵰ʲôõģżӮһˣβ;̵ϡ
ǵ̨Щ콾ˣЩˣЬʸ񶼲䣬ǲǵؽһǿߡ
ؽһ
ȻߵˣûһܱұߵȣǣǿһҲǲμǧʢˣų̂ܵ
£ʹˣҲûʲô˵ġ
ǧʢᣬ̨Ӣϵ飬淢ǵؽǿʢɣûǴĻǰ죬һԳƴ̨ļһһ֮ߵģҲû÷Զ
÷٣߳֮ʮ߹أԶ˵ؽһˣơ
˵ʲô󻰡
ƾǣҲӮ̨ľ콾
ؽߣȻţŭҲ˳Ĭ͵ģҲĿǴαȶ
ιô˵
ЩµˣҲע⵽ͬĳĬӣԼŤѿ
ѵ˵ģؽ˲˼ͬĬϺһʱʧԽһʵ



1366
˵Ľһ콾ǻûʲô
Ȼؽǵ޵ʥأ֮ʵĵ޲ĵޣȻɳԴ޷͵ؽĵȣҲ̫ϾΣؽ֮ĵУҲǵʥ
Ȼ޷п˵һĵ֮ԼʮĵؽȣǱؽһǶ˵ȴֻǿ
УҲᵮǿĵޣѹؽ콾
Ȼ͵ؽɫľ콾Ͳ˲١
ڣȻ˵ؽˮƽ̨Ǵ˾ľ콾ˣβõؽʧǣɥ֮
Ǹ÷ͿɲСһλؽ죬Ҫһӣȴûͬ
ʹʲô
ֻҪһǧ֮꣬ͲӰ쵽ʵķӡ
ң̤֮غÿĶʵǿҲвͬǵľ൱÷ٵȻһЩȻҲߣϵĶȴҲǿ
֮صĿ飬֣һ츳Ǳ
ʮֹƽġ
˭˲ĵʵ
ʩ塣֪ˣ˵֡
ԭǸ׳աһλ콾Ц֪ߵغ̨ϴԲѵ÷䣬ͷ
˵鶼Ի
ʩȻҲǴ̨Ķʮ֮һǣʣڷǰ׾ӱ֣ҲΪһͳ˵ؽЦвΪʩ岻ãֵ˾ǿС飬ߵĿܶûС
Щûܴ콾棬ʩǿġ
ƫΪǱڰʩѹʩĶ䣬Ӷߡ
ʩھ޴ֿ֣ͬˣ൱Ķࡣ
۵ļһǷ¹ҫˣ֤ܰЩΪǵļһŰ
뷽¹ҫ̫ˣԲһЩľ޼ׯҲЩܼ֮ʶر𡣡
ؽ˻ָġ
ǿɲΪԼһˣᱻĵޱȥϾǧʢոչȥǧʢٰʱҲǵؽӿֳ콾Ļƽʢ
ͬľ磬˴˵ʵҲر𣬵̨Щ콾ȫǶתԲǷˣʩ֪֮Ҫǿ١
ǿɱ
ŵؽ˱֣ӢЦ
Ϊĵޣһؽ磿޴Դ뷨ɣһˣעᱻǲڽ¡
Ȼ˵ʲôʲô¹ҫΪʲôǽǼʶʶ
ӢӵؽЩˣѼӲϳʵ
ҿʲô¹ҫ϶ǲǶˣһ߲Ҳûˣ˳ɻǿסǵ𡣡һĵ޷Ц
ĵ޶ʱôЦ˶Եؽ֮˵ļͲм
˵˵
ƨ
ؽ˶ʱŭɶȻЩ跽ͳ¹ҫʵȴؽ硣
Ҫѷ¹ҫȴҲװ쵽ġ
һǧʢǿ¹ҫ޼ׯʥˣȥֻм˲֪˵ǡ
Ԫ֮֮أڷ˵Ƿɣʥƻ߸õ֮أԲ١
ʹԸҲ֪ʲôʱѵЩһһֱȥ
˶Ƿ߷߲ƽȴҲûʲôð취
ʱ֮صڴâӰ˵ĻҲ˶С
ʲô¹ҫ϶ǲ
մͽ£ҡҡͷ
Ҫ˵֮أȷʵҲ˳·ˣڵиõ֮أϣȶڵľ磬Ż
¡ߵɫЩѿЩ̿֡
Ҳû뵽顣
»ô룿
ҪҪǣ߻ʱΪԪǵĸ߲㣬Ȩ
ˡ
һᣬ׹⵽ôһ¡
ȴһ㶼Ȥ
ˣҲԵؽ֮⣬۳ԶӢӵˣڼǰҲ˿
Ȼ˵ǣҲڣͿؽ֮ˡ
ȻӢӵˣҲûʲôͬġ
Щͻìܣڷûκ壬ҲòϽȥֻҪԼˣڱô룬ֹ¡
ǿԼǳ
˰֣ʾ߲øӣǰȥ̤֮ء
֮Ȼ󣬵ˣҲռڣסȥ·ֱ룬γѰ㣬˷



1367 ׹·

ͻȻ֣֮أؽȫסˡ
Ϊ̨Եʣ£ڳûһʶҲĿͳ¹ҫľԾ
սͱϳ
ҲǸе˼顣
ոջ˵˵ĻܺݺݴЩ޵ȴҲĶԷû뵽ˡ
ѵ˵ϵ˷̲סв²⣬ȴû˳ϡ
ܿ죬ûˡ
ҪǷˣĶ޹ؽҪ
¿Щ֮ʲô飬϶ܺݺݴǵ
ؽ˶ڴ˷ܡ
ǷǧʢĹھ
Ӣӿ֮صķϵҲǱЩ
Ǵŵؽһɫľ콾
ڵؽǧʢĴ£Ȼ޷룬϶ǻעġ
ߣҵҪʲô¡һͷǾܿţȥȱȣ˭ߵĸԶ
ؽǿ콾ΣһǸǿ
˵꣬ͷ߳Ҳ̤֮ء
ӢûֹͷȻ÷٣Ǳ֮ǰͷ÷ҲѷɫͬĵУΪ֮һ
ø߲ⷽˮƽӢ۾΢΢𣬽һϢȥĿҲ֮ء
ʱټ֮أֻз͹ͷˡ
Ҳֹͣעϡ
ûˣٶȲ죬̾ͱͷϡ
Ƿ
ҿҲôûеӺұһȣ
ͷЦս
ġ
Ŀ˹ͷһۣ
ôĪǲңͷ΢ŭƷȻȴȤûˡ
Ϊŭ
һתͷʱ¶˾ģ֮뷽ͷһͻƹؿÿһΣҪȷһЩķʽԱȣ˶ԼԽ
ǵؽɫ콾ҲԼ֡
ȥͷ꣬Ǹ֮ص̤Ű׹ǵɽȺ̾͸оһϣӦתľ硣
̶ֳȵûбȫӡ
ǰһᣬ̾ӦѹǰҲͻȻһ䣬·Ǳһռ䡣
ͬʱҲһ˿С
ʼˡһ
߲Ѿһˣʲô졣ĵУͻȻ˻
ǿڷʼصǰһ̣ͷһȷľսռ䣬˲ɱͶӰ˵һء
ɶǣͷ괳һغûмǰ˫ֱأЦſλãоơ
ڵȷ
쵰
ؽȻ̿˹ͷĿģʱ
ȵʱ򣬾֪ˡ
˭ãƫƫȥǷ
һλ̨콾ЦĿŹͷ꣬Ǻġ
СǺԷҪֹߣݺܴǱشԭܳߵǺӣҲֹС
~
һֻ޴飬ڽսռ̾˹˹·Ҫ˺Ƭ
վԭأһûȵֻ˵ǰʱϵ¼䣬ֻʱʳĩȫʬ
طʵжϳʵ
Է˵СĿй¶Щ֮ܽɱ÷ʸԶԶ
֮ĵһأҲȻˣһʼط顣
ûж߳Զ
Ҫ֪֮صһٵؿģһ콾ܴʮԺǰĹؿȻǿȥ
ɱ˵һֻ󣬷һð׹ɵĵ·Լǰ
Щ׹ǣҲ֪ʲôһ˿˿ֲڰ׹棬ȴԼסû˿й¶
׹·ԣֱһ˳Ű׹·ԶԶ쿪ȥͷ
ʱվڰ׹··ڣǰһڻȥΪΡ
òձɱһģһ
֮أ׹·֪ʼˡ
ܴڼذɡǿҵս⣬ӷӿŵǿ궯ţ÷Ŵսһĳ嶯
ûκԥǰ
µİ׹Ƿ죬ŷǰ׹·ԵĵΪһǿ飬·иŷ׺ɱ
Ȼڷǰȴûκεв
~
ƺͥɢ㣬ɫû˿仯Եת飬ȴǾ



1368 ĵı
ǰʮؿת۾ͱ
һ·߹²Ű׹̾͵ĵ·Χһֻֻǿ鱬鿪
ǿðԵ
ڴ˶ǵһŷĴطʽƺҲлȼգô׺ݰԵĴأԾԵʵѹ˿Ѫڡ
̫ǿˣһǧʢĵһ
Ѿתʵȡ
һλ콾˷ľͬģʵҲ˼ĿԽ
𺳣Ľ֡
ǧʢŹȥãתš
Ҫ֪ԽѶȾԽģҪɹҪܶ׼Ҫ״̬ﵽǰδе۷壬пܽһЩʥ״̬Ҫ
תô׵ĻЩ̨콾Ͳȫͣڶתˡ
̨ľ޴ջ񣬿ϽģҲָ˶Ҫһʱ䣬״̬תҪҲǳ¹ҫ˲ֵԭ֮һ
ȴʱ򣬾תβ𾪡
תȻ򵥡Ӣ΢
ˣȴǲмһˡ
ʲôõġ
߲һ㶼ȷҸһ
ǿĺڷͬʱ߲Ҳͬʱ̬ͬأÿһζȷһ
ȥǰѷѹסˡ
ĵ޶ʱĴ
˭ǿ˭ڻԿζԷ˵ǶԸ߲ԣǰʮض̫ˣֵһᡣӢûͬôֹۣԸ߲Ǻĵġ
ӵʮһؿʼǾĶˡ

~
׹·ԣһǵĵŤţת˻ŵ飬¶ɫǿй
ţطȻǷڡ
Ŀ΢ֻϣо˶Է
ת
ڳֵ飬ͷϷľˣȻСİط˵ڵķǶתʱ򣬷Ҳ
ǰһƻǶζƫеԴϡ
~
¶֮ɫֻȻǣĵҲǻȥ
ʮһأ
һߣͷҲǽԼĶ֣Ƶ˹ȻǱȷһ
߲ġ
޶ãǰȥ
ʮأʮأʮĹء
ŷǰУ׹·ԵĵһգΪɱȻڷǰȴûκηأһм䣬ͱɱ
һǰһֻֻǿ鱬鿪
ǿ
Ȼͣûͣ
˶ޱȡ
ǳԾģЩ鱻ɱǷɣԼľٶȡ
ȻȴǰʮʱҪһЩȴҲԶԵģͻƹؿٶȿĺˡ
ִݲȣƺûһܵס̬˵ġ
Ͼڴ󲿷콾ԣʮضڻ£ǶʮҲпܣǣǶǼѵսʤһ֣ϢƬ̺󣬲ŴһءǰٶȣԶ
׹·Ĳʵг־־˲һֱϢȥָ״̬ÿһأһʱ䣬˻ָһʱ䣬²ǰУǰĵ񶼻Ḵɱ
ʮˣٶȻûһ˷׷ױɫ
ĵޣҲǳĬиǿҵĺɫƽٶȣ޷
죬̫ˡ
Щؿ飬ǰȫֵһᡣ
һ޲鰡
߲¿첻ˡ
˶տʼʱ򣬹ͷ껹ܱŶԷѹƣÿζһƹء
ǣֺͣЪƽУعʵԽԽǿͷҲǱƵ˼ޡ
ڶʮء
һֻع黯촷ۣûǰһԵĹͷꡣ
ҲԲˣһλĵ޾ϲ
ڵȸ߲ƹءӢɫ͵߬ɶ񡭡
ĵһӣʱȫ˵
쵰
ͷҲͽսϢ£ǿһĻը˷Σֱɱһء
~
һֻֻعڹͷǰɱȻͣٵսҲƣӾ磬ϵҲԽԽء
ǣͣ
ÿɱع󣬻Ҳ̽սѹǰ
Ȼû˵ĿȴεĳЦԹͷĸ߰ܵˣⳡԼģڴԼ
ɶ񡭡
Ӣ䣬ȴ򣬳úϢʱĻͷߵĸԶڿȴ쵽ˡ
ǣƫƫֲ÷ΪǹͷԼƵĶԷ
ҪͣϢĻδػ˵ʲô
ӢȴͷԲôɱܡ
Ӧ˵𣿡Ц
ǵ﷽³ؽǱߣһλ콾Ц
Ƕó
ڹͷ꣬ȫǱԼĸ߰ѹǰ
~
ͷҴϢţϵҲǼӣعʵȹͷҲ˶ԶÿһδضһսûдϢʱ䣬ԽĲ
ա
һֻع飬ȻǰƣĹͷ˳ȥˣһ
ֹڵʮһء
ʵ൱÷٣˵ʮ߹أԼȴֹڴˣʣǿкͷƴĶ
ġ
ҡҡͷǰⳡԸеȤ
ǿϢɢݳŰ׹·
ʮصع鸴գȻûɱһֻƳأȻѹ
~
Įǰȥعĵ񻺻ȥ
~
·һžը죬ǵؽˣĵޣȫ¶֮ɫ



1369 򵥴ֱ
ɱɱ
ôܡ
˶ţΪԼۡ
Ҫ֪ǵʮصع鰡շľһصعȻڣҲǼΪӽˡ
ʵ൱̨վսʱķͳ¹ҫ
û뵽תʵڷǰͱĲһ˲ɱǰ󣬷Ľж󣬶ྪˡ
˳Ĺͷ꣬ɫޱȡ
ʵȫʢ״̬µĻҲܻܵʮصع飬ǱȻҪһս˵ҪһĴۣܲСơ
֮ǰս棬ÿһνսһߡ
Ȼ֪϶أרΪ˵ʵֹˣû뵽صʵȻ֮࣬Լͷ֮Ĳ࣬Ȼ̶ֳȡ
Լսɱع飬ڷǰȴ˲ɱ
ҾȻսӮͷҡ
ʮصع飬ڷǰҷڴӢ͵̤ǰһ漴˻΢ɲĲţоǺɫ
Ȼǿ̶ֳȡ
һ̾ϢԱߴӢ͵һæתͷȥʱһߵԼԣĿ
գˡ
˵ͷ֮صķ΢΢̾Ϣؽľ콾η𣿡
̫ԴˡӢɫѿĵͷȻϣʵǰ
ӵϢ̾͸˹Ҫʶʶؽǿ콾ķɣ֮ǰһҰĲҪһ¡˵ɫǿɬڣҾȻѾ³ˡ
Ӣӻһ
÷ٺ͸߲ЩеĶһԼҲǰѷɫ٣Щؽ֮ĵУһɫˣֻһǾա
ֺ֪Ψָ߲Ƿ֣̾ͷϢöԷ
Ȼܱ÷ٸ߲ߵĸԶȴ򣬴ʮز⣬ǣңҲô򵥣ͽʮصع顣̾˿Լ³ԭһЩ͡
ӢӳĬͬ˽Ļ
Ȼɣֺαȥȡ衣

֪ؽ֮ĵУǿˣڿıֺ󣬾ȻŵĲ³
û˹ͷĸź󣬷Ŀʼء
ʮء
عʵȻ˷ڣﵽ̨վսʱķһ
Ȼ飬ڴʱķǰȴҲɶв־ͽ֮

ǿӷйеսҲԽԽǿҡ
һعصĴȥƣɵѹѾ÷㡣
ͻȻǰһڰ׹·߳Զһ棬һʼա
ʲô𣿡˿ĺȻʧɫ
ĳ֮أǺ֮
˴أ޲һعصмǻͣһӴأҪ֪Щؿɲʧǻһֹ
һع飬㹻ѹˣòȫӦˣǺܶ
ֲһع籩ˢĴڷ籩ķȴ治ɫ
һΣһ˾ŵؿþع鸴գȫǷڼ
ɡ
Ŀ䣬һɫ϶ȻȼʹΧһжʼ
ֻ
̤֮غ󣬷һζˣԼǿĵر
ǿڳֻӰ췶Χ޲׷߽⡣
~
ǰɱ˾ع֮У䣬·ǳأǾعһ⣬Щɢ
ڷǿ󹥻£ûֶ֧ãһı鿪
⣬⡭
˶˵ǰĳʵ̫ˣҲ˷ܼˡ
˵ļ򵥴ֱ˵ǿᣬ˿Ѫڣ붼Ĵطʽ޲֮
ĵޣʱҲȾ˱˴˵
ѵһ㶼ƣ룬һ˶û𣿡
ûϢһδǰһߵĸԶع鿪ʼգ˶𾪵˼㡣
ӢӵˣĿ⣬ľ˱֣ս⣬ֻ뿴ܴ
~
һ鸴գйԼֲϯأͬ籩ŷ
ǰδеɽѹ
úá
ϲȼǿս⣬ֲѹ£ܸоԼǱѹե˳ָʹ
ɱ~
Щֲ飬ûκȻɱ˽ȥ
˻ʹ𣬷ԡѪعģҲԼġ
۷壬ӿţڷл磬ƿأޱȡ
һ̣Щعһֻ׺ޱȵޡ
~
ǰȻһգӲĴЩعУͷɱβɱǵ
ȻԡѪҲǶ˲˿ڣȻս⣬ȴûһ˿һļ
ط󡣡
˵âӷڷɳֻһ𣬻طڷתš
ֻѸת˺ɫ棬Ĳֻ١
ϣڻ죬һХЮĿֲǰͬһŴľ޴ʯ˻Ե
~
һعȻ鿪ڷһ±ɱĺɫʯûֹͣ˵ĿɿڴУɱ˰׹·
;һع鸴գ漴ϯصĿֲڻбݻٴ
ǿϢǷڵع鸴գȻصĺڻǰҲ֧Ų˶ãܿͳ׵ı
һ·ǰҡ
ĿõˣԺжͷ
㾡ȫķֹͣڵʮء



1370 ע
ͣˣͣˡ
ֹŵҲʧζĽһλ콾һоҲ֮ƽ
Ȼеĺɫȴ˿
޲ˡ
ִطʽ𺳵˼㣬ң޿ɵֵƣǸһֲͣһ嵽һصĸо
Ȼûܳ嵽󣬿һӾͳ嵽ʮأҲ˸񡭡侲ʶʮصѶȣ˶Ǻݺ
̫ˡ
֮سδ˴ʵϣʮصĶ١
ˣֹǰʮأܳ嵽ʮԺģʷ϶ǷëǣһУֻзһ
ңⲻǼ򵥵ʮأʮذԶʮأѶȲ֪Ҫ϶ٱ
ܳ¹ҫ޼֮û֮أţǼʹܳʮأҲܳ嵽ʮأܳ
ǵؽһУɫĵޡӢӳѾ׾˺ͷԵ顣
ǸͲһġ
ֵҵǣƺûкͻ˼˸߲⣬Ҳû˵Ǹ߲Ҳڷǰõ˽ѵ
Ӣӿĳ֣Ӧʷᣬǳġ
̫ԶҡͷֻܴʮأȻⲻճɼʵܴĸԶҪ׷ϷȴҲϣã
ᣬֺܽγǡ
ôһܣؿõսɡ˵
ûõս
ջˣɴһȻֻǳؿʸ񣬲õսɹһʸ񣬾㹻ˡ

ʮء
ΧĳѸٱţ׹·ʧֻص֮أĳɼ΢΢ͷ
ĳɼ⡣
ûг嵽һأȴҲϾŸתûлȡ߼ĵرҲû߲淨ξѶûɡ
֪ڵľ磬мĽռ䡣
ʱ򣬻ܳ嵽ؿˣʮؽǸʼȻԺҲδػᾭˡ
ţ
ͻȻɫ΢̧ͷ
~
һâ֮ɳɢݳǿ˷ǰ
켶ĵر
һжϣϳâеĵر𣬲ǰ켶ģһУҲǶһֻ켶ĵرеĵλ൱
֮صĽû̫⡣
֮ص֪
֮أһȻõϴ߾Ľ
˵еսҲ֮һ
ֻҪõݽǼΪѣҪǳĸߣڳˣҲûмõһ⣬ԺʲôͻƣõõĽֱս
ڵķ˵һĽȻûʲô˲սҲδܱȵϵǡ
ǶԼʵĳϣҲܾ
ڸתԭǲƿһĵرǰѣȴԶԶǿڱĵޣҲƿظǿĵر
һĵر
ĿѾﵽͨһսȶľ磬ָʹ
Ҳ׼뿪ˡ
ûк˽Ȥֱ֮߳˫
û˸Ŀŷȥ
ϲ£һ˿ɱȡڴĻأҲ𾪵˼㡣
ԭԷϹϾΪݡ
Ƿı֣ȴ۷
һδأʹʮأǺεȵĺˣջĽǾȫֵһˣԷĳɼòǲǹ¡
΢΢һЦû⡣
ǲ˶ʲôƮƮĸо
֮صܴһУܶ˶δˣҪ˵һĻλʦҲ档
˪Ļɼδػȷ١
ܳΪ״ӵģֻȥȻʥҲһ㳬Խ˵ġ
ңһ˿ɱȣҲΪʲô˲ġ
ڵްˡ
磬ϵУ˵вȷǿˡ
ǺѵʶЩŲʧ
ȥɡ
ûκͻ뿪֮ء
Է˵֮زһżȻˣȻ˵ȴδô
֮صĳɼܿ;ڳ˴￪ȥ
𶯡
ؽ磬һ˲õﰡһͳԪĳ𣬴żĪζ
鱨Լ֮صı֣ͨԪǵˣ˸硣
ΪһǧʢĹھȻ˹עֻǧʢϾǵؽʢ£չǲһ㣬˵㡣
֮زһ
ǵؽ͸ĵ֮أ˭ǿ˭һۿ֪
ԭԷȻӣӳ̶Իڿ֮صıֺȴ˸ļע
һδأһǸոתʹʮأǱ״ﵽ˺̶ֳȣ
һλδʮطۣһλ޵зۣ
飬Ҳϧһеȥ̽Ҫ֪ⷽ鱨
䶯׷Ӧľٶ
˵֮صʽ˸󶥼۽磬ٽڵؽ硣
ͨܵϢжϷǱˣҲֻ²ⷽܳΪ޵зۣʥȴûж˻룬ǧʢᣬܳΪʥмˡ
Ÿ룬ܣҲز˶á

ǡ
Ϊ״ӣȻԼľ
ӾĻ󣬷Ȩš
ڵʵӦǷڣӽ۷塣֮صĴؾ÷Լʵһ̵ʶ
Ԥƣûƫ̫Զ
̨ʱ򣬷ڣΪӽڵĳ̶ȣһתʵʱͻͽԽΡ
Ľ˵ȥĻĿɿڴ
Ҳʮ⡣
ȵξѳɣطĵڶ㣬ԼĵرʵȻܹ۷塣
طʣҲֻһΡ
֮󣬿˵Ƿ˼
Ļ
˼ʲôԼ뷨Ҳ˼ƻ
ǲ֪ʦ᲻Ӧ
ţͻȻϵĴѶʯһԺ
ҡ
ʦ𣿡
һϢˣȻǵЩ졣
˵ȷҪȥʱȥʱȴ֪ʲô¡
ȥ˾֪ˡ
ҡҡͷûж룬ԵĴҲû˸ҵ飬ܿ죬˵ڵĹ
ſѾš



1371 ȥδ
ʦ𡣡
˽ȥϷĵһ
Ŀڷϣͷ
תˣҲ¶˼ϲȻʥǽ֮죬Ҳ⡣
֪ʦҺ£ʵֱ϶顣
ȥ֮أֱʵ
ǡûľϸ˵һ飬ΪʲôҪȥԼĿǵȵȡ
ѵ˵֮ص²ף˵֮󣬷ʱ²
ڶ仰ʵľ֮أȻףǺ֮صйء
ȷʵйءŷϵ⣬ǿգһ̫ɫĵӣҲһͷ۵鰡Σâڲס
ҡͷЦȻУȴû⡣
û˵ڳһϴ顣
磬ʮ󶥼ľƣʲôһƷţ༰⡣
磬ʮ󶥼ΪףÿһʵԶԶ硣
ˣľƣʮ󶥼֮ľơ
£һ£һ֪֪һһ磬ìܲϣ޷ͻ
ؽ֮ǰҲ˵һţʮ󶥼֣Ҫٳһ߲硣
˵ܶǰˡ
ǣֱڣҲ֪ν絽ΪȨ޲㣬Ҳ޷鵽
硣
˶٣ȴûжһ·ʲô
ľƣûпʮ󶥼磬˴˼䣬ȷʵǷϣȻЩάһ޶ȣڴϣʮ󶥼ҲìҲ١
˵ģ˵̫ؾҲõһؾΪ̫ؾǵô˵Чǰҳˣζ᳹һ㣬̫ؾĶ磬ǵҪһĺõطû˻̫ؾȴеĶ磬ΪʲôؽУѵΪؽе֮ôһλڣ
΢΢Ц
ʮ󶥼һ⣬һλڣҲûʸ붥У̫ؾʸƾԼıġ
ȻΪֹҲһЩ磬Ҫʸ񡣡
ԭˡ˵ͷڵĻ˹
󶥼綼зֻǿļ̫ܽؾһǿ󣬾ͱڶǿߵϡ
ָģʥ
ôһʥ˳ĻõؽʵżӶõؽ̫ؾʸ̩ɽ
ϾһλʥĻȻܼĸı˫ʵԱȡ
Ȼ֪̫ؾľôǹƾһ㣬㹻˶Ϊ֮ˣᣬ϶бĺô֪ڶ˵̫ؾǺεҪ
ĳɳȻЩϣġ
һΣ֮صľ˱֣˶е𺳣鱨ҲᱻĶ
Ȼδƾ֮صһΣͶ϶ʥǣҲ϶ĲҪҲ̫ѡ
뵽ҲǸе
磬Ǻü綢ϣɲʲô£ֻзһ˵Ļκһ֣ܽΡ
ǺǣҲ̫šһ̩ɽǰɫķҲ¶֮ɫҲЦ
˵ʮ󶥼֮䣬ȻϣҲάһ޶ȣ̫
ôΣգʥķһӵܣ˿©
˵ͷ
ȻԷʥһ£ǽ˷Զûеôܡ
Ķ磬ܳɱ㣬ǿ㣬ɱһΣı£㲻᳹ȻỨѴʱָ˷ʱ֣ص
šᱣ볹ɱѣҪ˷ָĽҲͽ˺һ㡣
Ķ磬ɱȴܹΪʥƳٸǧã֪ڼᷢʲô˵ʱΪʥҲûˡ
ǻȫ㣬ڵؽ磬ûɱ㣬ǣչҪŷʱ򣬾ǵĻᡣ
޵ĳɳ벻߲磬ңʥܱ֤ܳΪʥʲôʱɾͣǼ꣬ǧ껹Ǽ꣬ҪԼˣز١
֮ص£Ҳ㣬Ϊû㣬Ĵ㡣˵Ŀġ
ѡ񡣡
һڵǣݷһʱ䣬ʱǼʮ꣬ҲǼ꣬ȷͷȥٳȥ
һھȥǻûʥʱ򣬾뿪ȵһʵٻ
ʵԽɱԽףؽԮĻᣬʵǿˣҪɱѶȾʹҲؽľԮܱ֤䡣
ʵ׼Ҳ˴𰸣طʡ
ҲҪоطʵʵһİȫһʮֵǿʮطۣǻҪɱͷǳˣʹܣҲҪĴۡ
طʣȥѣھͽӽ˷۷壬ʵϣԽԽͻƣҪӷʵĲΣѶ֮ǲԶģǶ̶̼ھɣҲζţôĻع顣
ѡ񣿡ʵ
ʦ𣬵Ըȥûԥֱ˵ԼĴ𰸡
ܺáĻش𣬵¶֮ɫ
ѡǰһȽһӵĻҲϷԣҪ۷壬Ҫľԡ
ȫطҲв١
Եǵĵ̣ҪҵһȫأǺ׵顣
ӶҪȥͻȻ˵Ļ
ûмƽϷΪüͷȫԿɲܱ֤ͺΧԶ󡣡
Ҫȥһˣкʺҵءû
Ƿ뷨
ؽѾȥˣҲϣܻȥһΣԭͷۣδػͬ⣬ȴĻᡣ
뿪⼸꣬˴ʲô仯֪
Ҫ̫ٻҲҪȥ硣
ڶԾ¹ҫʱ̫ٻĻ𺣣˼ߵĲΣ˷ˣǣǲ̫ٻļյĻҲɢҲԭ֮صʱ򣬷ûжãûǿֲĽ֣ǲ룬ǲܡ
һҪԭ򣬾ǵ򸽽ؾ



1372 ع
򸽽ؾһ
ȻǸؾĳڣǸصؾŷ޷ĵطĹΪû˵ڣҲûҵصϡ
ˣΪǸؾٷְƿأϵĻ˵һͷ
Ȼ鷢
һνǸؾ˽һЩ֪λǿߣôϢ÷˱ˡ
ʱ˵ʣʹǷɸɵ
ڣʵȴ㹻ǸؾŪŵˡ
ңǿҲǾطʣȻҪڵķǿ࣬ĵطЧѶȵĻҲûˡ
˷ΪǲʺĿǰԼĵط
ȥ𣿡ûжʣ濼˷뷨Ƭ̺˵ͷ½磬ҲԤ벻ô磬ҪҵҲףǴ롣
Է뷨Ǻصģ룬Ҳ͵ͷӦ
ȻˣΪ˱⣬ҲУˣһ뿪ؽ磬ʱͷ뿪
֮ǰŵĶ
طڶ㣬ʯ켶ĵرȵȣԼصָļǱǿġ
Ϊ״ӣӵеԴ֮񣬿˵ǳ
ҲҪһЩ׼ŸָѲ淨淨λ׾٣ȻһλʥڱεĻˡ
һ
ٴڵĹ
վϷĿⴹʥδΪ׼ĶҪԱΪֻҪʤʲôҪ
˵ţָᵯһĵĹâ䵽˷ǰ
æӹһɫʯһ⡣
ӡʯһӡʯǺεȵʯһģȻʱȴ⡣
ӡʯ棬о˿ҲܲµĲ
Ϊ׼һֶΣֻĹͷʹá
ʦʲô̲סʵ
һű꣬ѹؽ˵һ㴥ںδἤԽ룬ݻһеˡ
ʥ֮£ɣʥ⧲ĻҲˡ
𺳡
ʥ֮±ɣǺεΰѹֵ֣أҲ÷оΪ״ӣжĺô
лʦ𡣡ʵĸмһƣֻ̨Ҫ
ֻ̨ȻҲܳκһǣֻ̨ĴһһΣңҪǣֻ̨﷽ɱУṩһصĵط
Ͳһ
ˣΪʲô룬Щʵ
Ȼߵĵر൱Ͼǵؽ磬ôǿĴڣӦĵرŶ
һϵ󣬶;ͬ飬̫ٻ𣬲񽣵̬𡣡Цˣ뿪ɡ
ǡ
ߵһԡ
۾Ȼޱ·磬һ̣޷Ȼ𣬳ԽһУ֮ϡ
ڷȻ伫ٱת۾ͳҰͷŲ죬̤Ŵء
ǳת¡
޷·Ƕʱա
ʥ֮
ƺǿˣսʱĳҲ̵ʶǺεȵǿ
Ȼǰ̽ռ䣬һ죬ѿһѷ죬ձ飬һֺĹ·ڷǰ
·ֱӴ˵ؽ磬̫ؾͨһ
ûκεǰ׼ֶΪӣҲûʲôģ
󣬷оһԼ˹·֮С
뿪֮ǰͻȻЦ£˷
ԵĻðɡ
£Щ񣬾͸оԼȻǰȥУһ߼ʵӴһӭֱ˦˺档
ȵڷʧָж󣬷֣Լ޾ա
ףԼѾ뿪˵ؽ磬ؽ缫ΪңԶ
޾գӴĻ˷ӿȻͽ˷ͱ
Ļ˿в
ʦ
뿪ǰһ仰ҲЩǼʶ˵һ档
ȻŵЦĺڣȴ濼˻ᡣ
֪ҪȥҲͿӣԲĻ
Ϊʲôô˵Ҳ
ԽǿԽԵãȷΪʥҪϼˣõİ취ڳΪʥǰã޵ϵУûʲôܽŮɫ˵
ԺɾʥӰӼ㣬ֱϵѪҲ֮
Ȼȥ˵ɡ
ҡҡͷ侲漴۾о˴λá
Ͳ˴ϵֻҪؾĵطֻ̫󣬶ܸһĴֱۣӻع顣
ţˡ
Ƭ̺Ժһֳһ硣
΢ʱʧԭء
˴硣
գһӰͻȻֳǷ
عһ̣ڷΧһһӦأ·ӭˡ
ΪһͬĽڲ˴ĵλױȵġ
Ŀɨûмȥ쿴˴ı仯һһԣһݣڲ˴ľ
һϸӰںԣϻãȻ֮ɫȻǲ̫ףôͻȻص˼
ȻڿãȻ̱˾ϲ
һˡ
İŮ΢Ц˵ԼĻع顣



1373 
ľĺ΢紵̲
վںԣһʤĿ⴩͸գ˲˴ÿһ䡣
һ仯۵ס
عѾȥһ£һлѩŮȹõӣñط꣬ζǲͬ޲ʱһ
ֱһº˲ŶƽҲظࡣ
ʵĻӷ뿪ȥؽ磬ڻʵҲҡ
ؽĵǧʢᣬʦתȣһҵʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ԶԶ㲻
ζԷ˵ǶŮԣȴ
ΪҪȥģǿĴ֮һѲ⣬̫ȷǿˣÿһ춼һôΪ̫ࡣ
ңҲû뵽ô죬ԭΪҲҪ꣬á
Ů飬
ԼڵؽľŮ˵ھԨĵһ˵˵һܣ˵˵һν˵ǧʢᣬǵȵȡ
䷳˵ô࣬Ϊлѩġ
Ϊ״ӣڵؽ缫䰲ȫ磬ҲżǿϣͲõģ᲻С䡣
һº󣬷飬쿴˴ı仯
ȻŮʱԲ˴Ҳһͬڸı仯ֻûôϵͳԺȫ档
ʱĿ⿴͸һ磬뿪󣬲˴ı仯ȫ˽⡣
󣬷һ
Ȼô졭е𺳡
뿪꣬䣬˴仯̫ˡ
ǵã뿪ʱ˴Ѿȹڣĺ˼˿ٳɳĵ·
ǽػ֦Դȡ˺Ĺ˴ĳɳ
ҲԤϣ֪˴˼ı仯
Ҳû뵽Ȼ쵽̶ֳȡ
̶꣬ȻѾӽĴļ𡭡
ʲô
ͬΪ߼磬Ĵɳһ֪˶ʱ䣬ʮ꣬ꡭǸá
ǲ˴ǻꡣ
ȻڵĲ˴磬޷ĴȣȴѾӽǸΡ
´ﵽǸҲò˼꣬༸ʮ꣬߻̵̣ĳ
ĸоĲ˴ǰδеļ̣ȶޱȣĽı仯Լǿ飬ǿĵرȵȡ
ڣܳɳΪ켶ǿߡ
ţϾǰһһ켶˶ǧѣ̶̼꣬췭ظı仯
ȻĽٶȿĳ񣬿ǿߡĵرȣȴûô죬ԶϽࡣ
һȥ˴Ķǿ߼֪
ĿǰǿһҲǶ켶Ҫɳ켶𣬻Ҫʱ䡣
ٶȣŻ˲ˡ
Ƕܸоǰڣȫһģ˵ǰٶߵĻôڲǱܣڷɡ
ͨȻЧȴǰļʮٱʲôԷ˯ˮڲǿţԽԽ󣬾ԽԽߣһǰļʮ졣
ʱضͬ
˵ľ
֪֪ôһ£Ľķÿһϡ
ߵĻƽʱƽʢҲݡ
лѩͷ˵ֱ仯صǿԽԽֳ࣬ƣϳ֣ҲʹùѶȴ
ȻлѩְȨƿŲ˴һĽĺôģԶԶˣѹһǿߡ
ֻǣ־˵ı仯ȴлѩЩ
ΪĽ˶УᵮµĽĿǰı仯ȷʵҲƣ½֮ĵ
һʤʢߣܳɹǶΪڶλ
λ½ʵȻܲôΪȴƿһ֮лѩչ鲻Ľʱ򣬻пвԼԵˡ
лѩԭǣҪҪǰȡһЩжȴû뵽ǰ
һЩͶˡ
Ȼ˶УѾӽٽ㡣Ŀɨʱлѩûв´֮ܿͻ֡
Щңļʱ
ľ棬лѩǱȽѴ
Ľͱ仯ʵ̫ˡ
Щ˴Ķǿߣȴһ㶼⣬ķٶȳ
޽ƵĽȥʱġ
ʵںܶ෽棬һ練͹ˣҪǰĵ·Ըߵľһ֪ǿ淨ȵȣЩҪʱ䣬ķṩ˰ˡ
֮⼸ǵĽ˾ˣΪǰĻۣŻֳ̬ơ
ùЩۺ󣬾ͻ½Ļڣȴһεı
ҡҡͷûзϡ
˵ȷʵ㲻ʲô£ڵʵǿĽҲѹ
˴ı仯˼ĽٶȣϵĻӦǽ֦Եʡ
Ŀ⴩̥ĤԿԴУ޾ĹɹֹģǰδС
Ŀ
һƬâ޾ţΧ
һҫ۵Ĺâ˴Ϊһ壬·ǳһĿȥǲâʱȥ¶Ķ
һܱߵɽޣ˼
ڹĵײҫһƬγĪ·׭̳֡
Ȼϲʲô֣ǵ˼
ˡ
֣ǲ
һĽ񳹵׵ĳͣӵһ
΢΢̾Ϣ֮У̽ʱѾһϵǲ
ڷûκεķͬ࣬ڷ
ͻ
ӡ۽ģһŲԴεСԼһ˸ߡ
˴
˳ؾеõ֦û뵽ǣ겻֦ǻһһСֱ仯̫ˣҲ̫Ԥϡ
СĸһЩϵ˲˴硣
ͨЩ룬ԴеĹԴԴϵս󲿷ֳΪСɳ֣һ˲˴磬˲˴ļٽ
˵˴ܽô죬Ҫԭ򣬾Ų˼Сϡ
Դ֮أǳʺ棬ڲ˴磬Ǹɳ
棬ʲôܣкܶɻڵĺĶҲ޷Ľֻͣҷŵһԡ
󣬷



1374 
ĿȥȴͻȻһ
һ
ԭӦĵطȴûӰηĿɨâ󣬶ֲˡ
ô£ǣԼ֮ϵڵĻ϶ס
ϾǼпδ͵ߵĵر
һޣܰס
ľ˳ű˴˼ϵĿȥ̥ĤԴӡ
޾Ĺӿÿһÿһط޷һԴӵȫòҲ޷ԴǲǴ˵еԴ֮ء
Դӡ򣬷ڲ˴ĹУҵ
嫻ֺĹУһӰ֡

ڹг
ͻΪʵԭӰʵ壬ֻʵ壬ûʵĸо
ɣѪ֮
ñǷﾳԻԻһ׾ֳ
ʱȻʵ壬ȻĸоȴǶһ鶯·¸ӳ˯ѣԭǽ֦һ
ͻȻ
еƺǸӦ˷ĴڣȻ̧ͷ˷Ŀ⡣
~
Ӵļѭ߼ϵȻԺ÷Ϊ֮һɡ
Ƭֳ˼ˢŷԺͷѡ
ðΣʹһԴ֣ͷ۵ĸоҲЩݹļ䱻˳
Ƿڶνļ䡣
һΣڵСڣܵһּ䣬һΣȴǽȻͬ
ܸоǰߵļǳңŴ޷ݣججհ׼ƬһΣͺˣӽǶõļ仭档
μ䣬ȻȱŴɢƬͷԡ
һֱڼУ󶼲ģЩӡΪ̵Ĳ֡
õģҲֻһ㡣
ǰμ䣬Ҳʮֵ񣬵һεõʱ򣬷ܲסĳ˹ȥ˸ΣյƸ꣬ܡ
һֱΪʵļ䣬ھһԱȣȴ֣ԼԲĳɷݡ
ޱ޼ʵ磬Ĵ½մڱ̫
ƺû̫𣬵ǷȴǶȻһ
ǵ򡣡
о𣬳ǰޱȵĹ󣬷·𿴲ͷƵɽǱȲ˴綼ҪĹ硭
ǵ
ǰĵ򣬲һͨ磬ڳɳ˲٣ҲңԶԶԶڵǸ硣
ϸĻ϶μȷʵ⣬кܶ಻Ĳ֡
Ǵ˵һͨ磬ܾڣǴ˵磬Ӵ˵Ҳ̫Сˣǳ̲
ңһһֻ˵
ô붼ܡ
ڵֻ
Ϊʲôһ壬ڵϣ
϶μ䣬ĽһΣȫʵģ
ӿ˷ͷ̫벻ͨĵط˵е磬Щ²⡣
ؾ
򸽽һعؾ
Ȼǵ˵޷ܣԱ磬ҲǲܣʣǸؾкܴɡ
Ƕļأʲô
΢Ժһμ仭֮
¡~
ֲ׹к£ڱأ·ҪΪ֮ᴩϡ
ҲǱ㣬Ȼ䣬һ˵ɫҲһӱĲ԰ֽ
ǿֲ׹У̺޷
ʹǰطǿֲ׹УҲǻµϣоļСԶ
~
ڴڴϢţɫɷס
ɱ˵ǼƬ꣬ױȵĳ
ʵһ㣬¹ֳɢᡣ
֮󣬷Żָ
ûоôٶȹۿǿֲ׵ļƬģٴαɫ԰ס
ţǵΣĴΡ
ϵĹĦ£ͬĴĳԽԽߣ³˿䣬ȻоͬϰСܳܵסֱܹǿֲƬ
ҲǷʵ㹻ĳ򣬷ҲԲôΪǵ
ĶƬصĿֲ׹⣬ϡ䣬ʲô޾׹ȴС
䲻ȷûú˳˹ۿ
Ҫȥһˣؾ
˼ݹϢ治Ƭ÷֪ˣӦô
ؾ塣
ʵ壬Ѫ֮
һ壬ڵ
Ȼ꣬ʼߵĵرʽȻҲԭϣȴ˿ѷɫ
ǷյĲͷպҲڤڤв˸Ӧ
˵һ汾ܡ
֦췭ظĴ仯ҵ˽ĳɳ·ѹڵؽ綼оǵı仯̫ɽϣǶܴ૵
뿪ǰǶ˾˵ı仯
ڿˣߵĵرĵ·ĵ֮һȴˣȻ֪ߵĵرǷҲķʽ߱ķţԼ·Ӧ֮Чġ
ټϣɳǵõ洫ʱͨʱ䳤ӵļ٣⾰̫ٻճɾͣҲżģ·ȥ



1375 ڶ
Դӡ
ڰ嫹еͻȻʧص˲˴ǹâ֮УǿС֮¡
֪ʱԶδΣȻԴУĳɳżĺôҲ޷̫ͣãͻɢǿֲĹ顣
ûʶΪĵرȴѾӵԣܺıܡ
ؾ壬ȥǵһҲҪȥؾҪȥҲûôס˼·ͷеЩͷۡ
ڵǽȡ
ܺ󣬸̥ǣ֮ںϣǿ֮ѹ
￵λطʣûбԣԷ·ӭѹȻڿ籩֮У־嵽˼㡣
ʮطۣûκĻƾѹش
Է˵Ҳˣܣ˷ף
Сˣһ񣬾ɱ
תںϵĻǵڰ˼֮Լ֮൱Ļ֮ѹ֮ǿ֮طʣ¶̫ࡣ
ȫ˵ڵķһͼĴ磬ȫҪʲôϵѹɽ飬ձѣ֮޲ĩգ޷
򣬿ͨ硣
ͼĴ綼磬̤һ̣ǵ֮ʱ
ǵͼĩգӰ쵽籾Ĵڣı壬綼
ǿǷı֮½ļ硣
ôң׵Ļع
ڲ˴֮û£Ϊ˴Ǹ߼磬⼸ļٳɳǳȶԳܷѹ
ңֻأϢѹ棬żǿЧ
Ҳвѹ淨淨ûһֻȡ
ֻصһ֮ѹһѹѹڣԼѹлѩͽ
˴ڵƣ涼̫Զ
Ҳ˵ڵķȥ
ؾ͵ƣܺܺõǾ̫ˣ̻ᱩ¶˼š
Ҫȥؾ̫ĿǸտʼʱ򣬷Ȼᾪλطʡ
ʱԶǾطʵĶ֡
ϾϾطʣ̫ˣҷ̽ؾܣҪж
ֻõ淨һܳңȥؾ͵ǰҪȰѵһɡ
ܿ죬˾
ȻĿѾ£ûбҪж
֮ǰһЩ׼Ҫֻصһɣֻеһ
طĵڶ㡢ξѡ̫ٻļƿظǿĵرȵȡ
ͬʱҲ˳Ѳ˴Ľ֮
һһϦ飬뿪һʮ󶥼磬׼һʱա
Ҳʱѩ˳ˡ΢΢һЦ˵ίʵ㲻ʲô¡

˴磬˶С
ӽ˽Ƕٽ㡣
ʱ˶ܸоֱ仯Ҳ˿İ
Ͼһν֮Źȥûá
˶ǾϲĪҲץס˻ᣬԼʵ
ڲ˴˵һƽʢһЩ˵ǧѷĴʱ
˷ڡ
ڻɫһϡ
һν֮
½ܿͻˡ
˴ֻȻ֮𽥿ʼλҲϣ֮λЩˣȴĳĬš
һεĽ֮ǰһνȻͬ
ΪʱĲ˴ѾԼˣ־־ǳΪ½ҲҪڷ棬ǣ䡭
Ƕڵȣڹ
ŷ˵ǵı̬
ڲ˴¶棬ȴִ־һ죬ǵȵǵı̬
лѩ˳ޱˣʽ˶Խ֮λᡣ
Ľ˳Ծںܶлѩǵڶλˣֱ£֪лѩ֮ǰǴʹְȨĽ
֮У֮⡣
Ҳ޷⣬Ͼлѩĵλûо֮Ȼвĵط
ǻ˵̬ȣҲʽ
ڶν֮ʽʼ
Щϣ֮λˣ޲Ǿϲ
Ƴѡлѩ
ʹְȨʱлѩȻܵУ֮ҪģǷְȨһʵȻǲֵһᣬԶԶˡ
ǵˣӣЩҲ׶֣
Ȼ˶벻ǣʵ΢лѩһλǶܴǿս
һսĽ˴۾
ɢſֲƵĵˣлѩȻ壬һöĹһͽλǿߴڵء
лѩŵģʣǲ
ǽܷӳһ֮Բ˴ֻҪڣܣȻܴﵽ켶
ȻлѩУԶӲȴҲκһ֮ϡ
ʱ˲ʶȻû˽ְȨִƽлѩȻ޿ƥУ򷨲֡
ңⲢΥ棬ΪǷ־־־
лѩȻܷӳһܡ
ⳡ֮ոտʼȴѽ
ĵһӰ֮ɴ˿ɼһߡ
ʵ֮ϣҲͲҪ֮λˡ
顣
лѩĺɨ޾֣ǰףлѩɹǶʽΪ˲˴ĵڶλ



1376 
ڲ˴Ľ֮ݱֳ䶨ʱ򣬷硣
һ뿪˴磬ûѹϵѹʱй˳һΣûתֻϢѹ
ڱͨ磬һӣ綼
Ȼ磬ϵѹͷųȴϢɢڿУû˿
⡣
ǽĵطѡĹأ˵磬ͬʱҲ磬һֱ꣬ǧ󣬲пܻɢ
ȻĴ˵ȻǴ˵һԷڵʵ˵ѹˣȫ֣Ҳ޷ٵ硣
ȻֶıҪάȶϣֻгֹǿŻᷢã˵ڣͨһˡ
ϧˣ磬ġ΢΢ҡͷ
һھܻȥˡ
ʵϣźܴĲ
Ȼһ壬ǲĹػдȶڽѵҲʲôȶ
ҡҡͷ΢ʱƬ𺣸
ĿȥΪ֮𶯣Ļ棬ڵ˵ʲôвˣȻȴĸоڻ֮£ǿֲ׵һʥ֮£ܻ
ǽĵطƬ£ѪҺ
΢̫ٻڷ˻𺣣ͽѪ֮ϵһνѪʼɽ
˾ƺ󣬾ûʲôˣֻҪżЩɡ
ԶƬµĻ𺣣һƽԭ
йâ£һʯ˷Ǵʯ
ٲ»ɣĴʯԸоĪĴϢһЩ
ڣҵط󣬲Բһ
һƵƸ֣ƣȻƮƮ˴ʯϣĿţӡ̵һɲǣ˴ʯĴۼںһ
һơ
һһŸƣӡ˴ʯϣĸ˱棬Ĵۼϡ
ǿҵĹâӴʯϷĴʯȻֳ˾ſ飬ÿһ鶼Ȼɣûа㸫ĺۼ
޷Զ㣬ſʯƬѿѭһĹ켣γһͼ
Ŀ΢
һâڷɳֱǾĵرĵرһ⣬ȫ켶𣬲ֻȻУңĵرҲֻ
ĵرɵ˴ʯϿգȻ󻺻
ÿһʯƬƺ˸ӦɢĹâϿӦĵر֯һ
ЩʯƬ𽥱ãգĵر䣬ſʯƬһ
~
һ죬طڷǰתš
˴ʯĳأڵطޱȵȶûκαʧļܹһֱš
ˡ˿
оط뱾Դ֮ϵһγһȶͨԴ֮ͨط˾ĵر棬ԻٶȣǵļǱԽԽǿ
ط淨Ͳٳûʺϵĵرˡ
΢Ц
ط淨⣬ؼһԴ֮޴ڣ޷
ĵرǱԴ֮й¶˽ġ
ˣطת£ͨԴ֮ȡԴ֮ΪԴԴԴϵĵرĵȼңֱԴ£ҲĵرԪϴȥŵĳ
ޱȵ졣
ϾĵرҪǳļѣҪɳɳĿռǱҲҪӦУĵرĵȽףȻڱԴ֮£ȴԽЩѹأֱĵرļ
ȻҲбס
طȻ淨ȴҲ̫죬ܽκһĵرߵĵرľ磬Ҳ̫ţҲ޿ܡ
ȻȱݵĵطԷûмط̫ٻ𣬶ֶΡ
ÿڶˡ˼
Ȼѧֻصĵһ㣬ǵ֮ĵرĽһḶ́洫󣬷ѧϰҲ౶ѡѧϰط
â䣬һűĻֽȻ֡
~
ֵֽʱǿȻ䱬˳ųҫ֮Ĺâֽ·ǻһ㣬һɫִֽϷɳڹâгţױȵЩɫй˺գҪΧһжݻٴ
꣬ǵõطһ㣬ԶԶ޷ʹʱĵڶȡ
Ǽߵĵر֮صĲֲоҲԶв
ɫûκζ
Ǽطڶ飬汾ÿһĶ̺˿ֲ
ڵǵѹԼЩؼһ޶汾Ҳ̫ƻ棬Ͳһˡ
뿪ǰ˷ѹķǣûãҲûǸҪ
һɫģĿֲ˲ݻΣȻǵոţͬʯ󺣣ʧһɶǴ߶ûκЧ
~
·ǱŭƵģϷ˸ΪǿҵĹâֱһģҲǻһСˣͬ㣬⻷֣ж䣬ؼ޿ɼһĻĻֲĳ
ǣûá
ڴ˵ǰαҲӰ첻˷ֺߵķ˺ˡ
գһķɻ飬âȥ±ƽƽĻֽ˷



1377 
е顣
ڵȥһͨĻֽûʲôĵطոտĿùʱĳ֪һŻֽ棬̺˶ôֲ
ɵ˵ɱ
Ͼǵ飬ؽУ̺ʥ־
⻹Ǽطڶݣеһ֣ƪҲۼһ𣬷ɣ۵һͬڵȫһǴ磬Ҳڻ¡
ؼ䣬Ҳֻôһ鰡
ҲмطᣬǴûʲôǼݵͨ鼮ҲһЩǽط߾дҲ̺˲СǺطĴʼдȣȴǲֵһᡣ
Ψһ顣
ǵ״ӣ˵ǽ֮ĦĻᶼУҲǵŸıֶ֮һ
ڶˡ
ƽĿȥ
һɫĸӡ۽硣
ϵĲֻ֣࣬ȻÿһĶᣬ̺ĵ͹򣬷֮
»֣âڷϡ
Ŀ⣬ϵģģ񶼱˹ȥ
ѶϢӿԺ
ģǰٸĸһСˣ񻷣֮ϣжطڶľ壬ֹһЩĻһ飬ŵڶط߶µĵر֮
飬õĴڷʽͬڴԲ⾫塣
۶淨⣬˭ܳ淨Ĵء
ھĦ飬طڶ򳬺Ŀ졣
֪˶ãľԵڶطΪʼĵ·
洫һ仰һ·һϵ
·յ㣬ϵľͷվڵ·ϣ˳ȥȴûôףյ֮·;ڲ
ʱ䳤ӵļ£һ˲䲻֪Խ˶ãҲֻһģӡ
ڣԵڶطΪ֤գȴ÷ԺģӡʼҲ·еһִŹʣǰ
ԭˣԴ֮ĵرԴͷκһĵرûκ谭Ҳֻһĵرʮ켶켶ҪΪߵĵرȴǾ޿ܡ
֮󣬷۾
ڶݣط淨˸Ϊ˽⡣
ĵرñԴ֮ʱ򣬻ֳԪһ㣬תطʱ֡
ǳۻطת£չֳ˻ǳֻ𣬻ɫ֮תطתĲֻҲһ
ȼԽߣűԴ£ԽԽӽԴͷ
ǳۻɿֲĻǳֻҲɵؽֵ֮𣬶ҲصĲ
ңǻǳֻĵرʽǵı塣
ͺĵرʽع
ֱڣطޱģֱ˵ǿһͿ淨
ǣطҲȱݡ
ֻãǵıʮ켶ģӽطޣǻǳı壬ҲǾ켶
ԪһﵽҪ۾ǣĵرͻʧӽӽԴ̬֮
ζţĵرԭôĳӦмͻʧʱʲôʱͲö֪ˣӦǵߵĲݡ
죬Ҳơó˽ۡ
ԭﾳ磬ôһ¡
Ҳ˹
ϸ˵һط󣬲ܽЩĵرԪ̶ֳȣȫﾳĹ͡
ȻƣطҲǳƵˡ
ֻҪԴǿĵرڷȫܹɳɳһ㣬Ľķ
ȻƵ
һطȻǰ켶𣬵ӳĵرļ£ֻԲá
ĵرļⲻطȫݡ
ÿһط󣬶ޡ
ڶط󣬾ܽĵرԲļںģʱܿ϶
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Ŀƽ˵·طڶҲˡ
̫ٻϡ
طˣûⲿݵģֻеõ洫˲ա
ڵңûмط̫ٻ𡣡ⲿֵ·ݣ¶ҡ
طڷԪ
ǣ̫ٻıԴʲô
ڣһ̫ǳ
ǰ̫ٻǶǺһ֣ڵĻ¾ͲһˣҪ˵ǽڣȻ̫ٻû̶ֳȣطķԪҲ̫ٻΪڡ
ǳԽطļޡ
ƣҪñԴ֮ղΪڣǱʮ켶𣬴ӽĻ档
ΪصǣӴ˶Ͼ˼Ǳ
ҪԽѪΪ̫ٻγɽڵӡǣͬʱԱԴ֮һȱ֤̫ٻٶȣΪڵĿܡ
ǷƵĵ·ֱͨߵá
̫ٻɽڣһߵĵرǣĳɳȻͬĹ̡
طռĿ꣬ǵߵĵر𣿡૵
еļѳ̶ȡ
֮ͨΪһ磬̫ٻôһĵرйɣսڵѪҺ
ʱ֮أԴͷʲôʱճӣ뵽ҡҡͷǱȷڸӵĲʵʡ
ʱǾˣñԴ֮ʱֵ֮뷨Ĵʱԭʯûꡣ
ԷطգڶʱڣҲʱ֮ĵرļ𣬴ӶսóҲüһʱ
ȹڶطɡ
ڶطͬҪŸƣȻŸƣҪȵһľŸ౶ҲҪɬ
ų»֣ʱʱĦ飬ҪǾŸƣҲ졣
ȵһ㲻֪Ѷٱ
Ҫ֪ܶطʣûܽڶطɣеѶ֪֮
º󣬷òʱתֻ
ȻֻҲǼɬѶط࣬ǵһչҪطĵڶס
Ǵƽԭϣɢźڰ׽֯ĹҲ֣·ʵţȻƺʧ˱Ĳ棬һֲʵĸо
ʱţת۾͹ȥꡣ



1378 ֻ
֪¡
淨ܣǱԽҪʱԽپ׿֮ˣҲûпڶ̶ʱڣһУ۷塣
һαչأʮ꣬궼Ǻ顣
Է˵һαչ꣬ȻͷһΡ
ԭ޷ֻصѶȣʵ̫
Ҫ֪淨Ѷ֮Ƿյ淨ѵģĳ̶Ҳ֮ͣǰֻصһԲңɼ
ҪһԲʹų»źڰʯǼޱȡ
֪˶á
Ȼ۾ڰ׽֯Ĺâ︡ǰ磬ҲǶȻ
˾ڸĻܿͻȻʧˡ
ĵط׵ʧͬһӰһĭһ紵ɢ
βκֶΣֲ˷Ӱ
˵뿪䣬˲֪̽״̬
ʵá
ڵ״̬ǽãȥϵ
ңԶǰյʵøӵĸ߼ǳߵ磬ʱţһ
Ǿ뷽Ĺߣ䵭ճ׵ʧţ˷ӳȥ
ʧ
Χ𽥱˿һƬݷڵ״̬Χǳ׵ޣûκһռ䡢ʱȵԪȫͬ￪ǰĻ磬״
ֻصһԲı־пٳһֻ硣
ֻصһС磬ͻƣҪһ󾳽磬ɹȴ졣
ͬ۲ⲻ·һ㣬ֻԴеĲ˴磬ǽȻͬģܻΪһ̸
۾
ϣڰ׽֯ĹâȻʢ˷ӹȥ
ڰ׹â쵽ĵطһֳһɽ壬һ飬һӡ
ЩϵĵȻֲϵ
źڰ׹âӣЩҲģɵһĿʼ˸࣬ӵĳɽϣɭ֣һСɽ¾ʶһȺ¹ŲСԺˮ
Щӵĳͬŵֻء
ڲϵĵУЩҲǲƵģԽԽʵ
ǰСһǰţ;УһϪӴ˷㼯СӲ׳ţ˺ƵĽӡ
Žӵʣһ֣ƽԭϡĻڸ
ʣڹֻ硣
ӵһĳʼʧмȡͽѵӵĳչ˳򲻶š
ͬǵķչ̡
ʱ򣬲ò˵Ľ˾޴á
ֻ磬һ㣬ҪĳɷݺԪָƣǶԾ˵˭ȥעЩԱߵĻݲݣɽôͨ˭˵ĳʲôôɵģȴûж֪
Ͳһˡ
Ϊһ֮綼ָƣϸµϸ΢ĲΣԲ˴Ϊֻ硣
ֻص˵ѵһؿǶԷ˵ȴˡ
һ֮һϣٻҪʮ֮ãǸࡣ
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޿ɱ⡣
ηʧȡ˶ٽѵôϸµȥⲻˡ
ˣҵ̫ˣ̫ࡣ
˼֮󣬷ʶԼ
빹һ˴ôֻ磬ڵʵҶֻص⣬Զҵ룬·ҪһһȻһ磬һһͬһ硣

һֻ磬ҪӴ󣬶ʵ档
Լڵ̫ȻȻͻᳬƿأҲ֮С
ʶһ󣬷¿ʼֻ硣
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һƬУ·ǱͶһף¡У˵ı仯ʼ
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ãʵ
ϤһУ÷Լص˲˴ļУȻпٳģҲõģôʵã
ǰͻȻһ㱣ȷعʱԼѾصƽԭϡ
ղŵһУͬһ㣬ȴôʵ
ҡҡͷͻȻһһ
ӦԼڣֻ̨ӡǶȻų˹âһѶϢܿףԼɹֻ磬ֻصһһ̣ͱֻ̨Ӧˡ
ֻҪ΢ٻֻ̨١
Ǿͣɡ
ûоܾ
ֻصĵһɹҲϣܹͨһʵսһ˽ƿء
ٻֻ̨ĻᣬʹʧһΣҲûʲô󰭡
ڵֻʧһΣȡ˾󣬵ڶαȻֻ̨ܵĸ߲㡣
һ̣ˡ
ֱ仯ķţϢģһӴǿջڷǰ
ǿջչȡ֮ģһѸʧ
Уûκ䣬Ĵ˵ûκηļûвͱ͸ˡ
ͷ΢
˵ֻ̨ܳκһطٻǰЩɣϾﲻǱ𴦣Ǵ˵ĹأŴ˵ţֻ̨첻û뵽ô򵥵ı͸ˣƵᡣ
ͽ䣬ǿкܴϵҲֻ̨ܿǿĪ⡣
ֻ֮ġп
ֻ֮ϾǳԽʥĴڣµֻ̨ȻǷͬСɣһܱȡ
¡¡~
ɫֻ̨ǿиֳͬʱӰʧ˵ʮ㡣

ϲ΢ЦôУٶŽǰʮ
ǰʮ𣿡
˵ͷɼõģҲԼ֪Լ£ûн̫ʱ仨ֻϣؽˡ
Ϊһ֮ڹֻž޴ƣٶȣǰʮŲ
Ҹոչһֻ磬ұȽãʲôʵʲôã룬̲סʵ
ٻֻ̨Ҳϣܸ
ԭ£ֻغֻİҪԼȥھ⡣ûлش⡣
Ҳȷʵ޷شֻ̨飬ܶණյģһֱܣȴ޷
ðɡ
Ҳʧܿļᶨ
ȻˣҾͿʼذɡ



1379 ٴֻ̨
ֻ̨ͣʱޣһֱ硣
Ҳ˷ʱ䡣
ȻƸֻ̨ʱ˱仯ÿһ֮һš
֮·
Ϸ֮·һ
ڵλãȻʮ㡣
һεĴزûʲô׼Ϊ˺Ĺ±ʱֻص̶ȼͣ˴صĳɹ֪ʮһ㶼ûеϣ۵ڰʮˡ
ڣֻصһԲ󣬷Ǻĵġ
ʼɡ
һʱǰĹţŵʮһȥ
ûκα仯ȵҪߵͷʱ򣬲Ųϵģ˾޴䡣
Χ˻ɵһƬκζ
Ϸһֻ޴Ȼ
ʥ֮һ£Իٵһ磬ҲǿݣԷʵֵܵһֻ֮ǰֵʮ룬ܳɹء
һΣ˰롣
ʵ֮ۡ
ҵкڰ׹âΧʱ߽磬΢һڷϵĹ߶ʱѿ
һ룬룬롭
ոչȥ룬ǰĳȻ˱仯صƺͻɵĿռ価ʧֻ̨ϡ
ǡЩΪԼֻصʮ㣬ܿͷӦ˹ʮһ㡣
ͨʮʮһĹţڷǰʧ
ϲ߲֪ʱʮһ棬΢Цʮܹأǰд֮߶ȥϾܹء
ԣ΢΢ͷҲ˹
ʮͱ׼ڣͽԼϵĹ߾ȥǳȻ̹ء
ڵķ˵ͨʮһڻ¡

΢̤ͨʮĹš
ʮһĹһǰûκα仯ȿҪͷʱ򣬷һǸɵĿռ䡣
ϷȻһֻ޴䣬ء
ôһ΢ܿ͸оһεٶȸ죬ͬʱԼϵĹߣҲӵĶ࣬淢жϡ
~
һ߶ѣʱţǰͻȻһڣֻ̨ϡ
룬ʮˡ
أȻһأҲǹ׾٣ѶȺʵ˲١
ԽϣѶȾԽ󡣡˵϶˷Ĳ²⡣
ԷһأӦòѡ˵
˵ͷ
أϵʮ㣬ܸоԼֻص־˲١
ɡ
ߡ
㣬ҪͨЩѶȺܴ󣬿ڣӸµȴ࣬Ҳз˼ܽᣬԼ⡣
ʮ㣬ʮĲ㣬ʮ㡭
һֱʮŲ㣬һȥ
Խ棬ֻٶȾԽ죬ҪʮѶҲԽ󣬵ȵʮŲ㣬ʹǷҲ޷ǰȥӵĹߣŹߵĶѣʹƵ½ٶȱ仺ճŹʮ룬ɹء
ڰʮҲͬĿ飬ܷأŸһ㣬˼
յʮŲ̫ܴڰʮ㡣
ѵ޷ڰʮ㣿š
õģʮŲѾǼˣϣֻصڶķ롣ƺǿ˷ĵǣ߿˵
ڰʮĿ飬ǰľŲ㲻ͬѡ
š
ͷ΢صĵ˹š
ͨʮһؿһɹϣɹҲܵõֻصĵڶ㣬Լѡһ
߿ŷ
ΪηܴؿȻйһξ󣬵ȷһĻǿ϶ܳɹ
СǰȥΧһпٵȥǰŹȷʵͬ
һ
ͻȻ
Χĳ䣬һ̤һİ磬ңһڻ硣
ѣĩա
ѿţʺҽգϵֿµĽʱʱŴ½١
գҲǳֳһĩյĳմ飬޴ʯ
ɫ䣬ܸо˵˼ȵΣգǴӵҽľ޴ʯԽݻ١
Ȼɱ󣬲ǿʧܣ˻ʮŲ㣬ˡ
ʲô취
иڰ׹âȥϵַα겻α
һΧ󣬺׾ͻᱻ״̬кңҪͨؿؼҲʱϣά״̬ʱͳʮ룬Ȼûܳɹأ˵һ㡣
ߵʾ
ڰʮĿ飬ǰŲ㶼ͬͬ˼·ǡ
ϱ任λãѰŰȫڣܿҽʯͬʱӸתţѰƹصķ
ȥûкý
ʱţĻԽԽ죬ò˶ãͲ֮ʱ޿ɱĻʧܡ
֮ǰҵ취
ֻǵϰʮıϣǵڰʮ㣬һؿôӦģֻصһأֻ磿Ժһ˹
һأ˵ֻ硣
ֻ磬ȻУܲܶ磿
ҡҡͷ
ڵ״ݲʱά״̬ṹֻˣϾֻҪʱ䣬Ķӻܸôʱ䡣
һάְ״̬һ߹ֻأ΢
Ҫֻ磬Ҫ׵Ľ״̬ǻп٣ǽάʵл״̬£ǰ״̬ûȫ뿪ʵ磬ǿԹ۲ѡ
ҵ̸ж
һвͣƶţͬʱάŶȥߵ״̬ʼֻ硣
̣Ҫȫ״̬ڻпֻҪࡣ
üΣ㱻ӵҽУֻ߱ʯϡ
ҡĻԽԽӣҲԽԽԶأҲûͣ
ͻȻ
͵ͣ
¡~
µĴը޴Ļ𺣳𣬸硣
ֲ£һӰ³УȻͬʱվһ硣
ӿ˷ڳ嵽ǰʱȴиı˷򣬶㿪˷к
ʯ˷ڷͷʱȴԶ˸䣬ƹ˷Żع켣˻
ôֲֺ˷ڡ
򷨲𣿡˼
ôݵվŵضɽҡŻŰƵᡣ
¡¡~
ӭյĴһж̼ĳ޷󣬷Ҳǻصֻ̨ȫµĵǵڰʮ㡣



1380 ʱƬ
ֻ磬Ȼǰ
ͨɹϵڰʮ㣬𶯡
Ŀǰ¶ıɽһǣĳմ򷨲֣Ǻεȵǿڲ֮ء
ǻصҲ˷վŵĵطָ˳ȥڡ
ֻ磬ڴ˽֮С
ȻĹ޷򵽣Ƶǿ
ǰʵ״̬лôζڣȱֻΪؼ㣬ЧȻԶԶ
ֱʹʥĹҲܹ״̬µ
Ȼⲻ˵ھֵܵʥĹˡ
ά״̬ҪӦСĹȻвҲ󣬿ǹǿ̼䣬ͻĴӶ򷨲ֵ״̬
˵ʥˣʮط۵Ĺ˲״̬
˵طԼεĹܷסҪȷĳԹϾֻ̨еġ
Ҳչֻصĵһ㣬Ҳޡ
淨δȴ÷Ϊڴ
ֻصĵһ㣬ֻ˵ŸոţģǿķںУԷ˵ֻһ޴ıأȴȥھ
øֻصĵڶ˰ɡе˷ܺڴڰʮߡ
û뵽һξͳɹˡ¶֮̾ɫ
ĽίʵǳԤϣΪҪȡ˽ѵ󣬲һιء
΢΢һЦ֪һγɹһ֮Ѳ˹ϵڹֻϣż档
Ļ߷Ӧ˹æ˾ȣǹϲ˷
ֻصĵڶ㡣йâӿһڰ̫ͼһЩƺͼ䣬ǿɢݳ
ֻطĵڶȴ̫ˣȫûпɱԡ
Ҳ
һ飬һȴǣȻԶ
ϰʮ㣬˵ʽˣҲΧΪ˴ѡ֮һ
ٻֻ̨ĴΪʮΡ
˵
Ӽӵʽ𡣡˵ͷһǵڼ
ǵʮһˡ߻ش
һǧˣֻʮһɹΧпֻ֮ѣɴ˿ɼһߡ
ٻֻ̨ĴҲӵʮΡ
һ㣬ǲ֡
ڶѶȣȻԶһ㣬ʱ±ֻֻ̨أ˶ṩһЩҲ
򷨲ֵ״̬֮С
ʮͻƣϸ߲ΣҶ֪ͨλ˵
ǰû֪ͨΪһûɵһ㣬ûΧΪľ𣿡ʵ
ߵ˵ͷͬ˷˵
һ㶼ɵˣȻûʸ֪Щûв뾺ʸ
Ŀǰ֮ˣǾʮ㡣ߵ
ǵãʮǰߵľھʮ㣬ˣɼԽѶԽ
Է˵̫ԶˣŸոյϰʮˡ
һѡһǰɡ
ߵ˵ͷһ֣ʱӰڷǰѡ
һ۾ͿˣĴʯ
ǰϰʮ׼ѡʯģڣòˣЩȻ࣬ǷҪģǲࡣ
޷ģڵҵֻ֮ҲܱȵǸḻ
ʱԭʯ𣿡룬ʵ
֮ǰߵʱԭʯȻû꣬ཫʱ֮켶ͻĴ̫ٻʱֵ֮ĺѶȺܴ󣬽ñĵرȻʱʹãչ֮ľҲԸñԴ֮Ӷʧȥ
УǸһʱƬߵ
ǰӰʧֻһзɵǰ
Ƕ𾪵Ŵ۾
ǾһСʱⳤӣ沨ӿţƬõâΧ
ֻǣʱ䳤ӲͬǣǲˣǹƬǾֹġ
ʱƬ˴ʱ䳤ȡһ뿪ʱ䳤ӣͲͣģ߽͵룺ʱƬӦĵر۷塣
ô࡭ϲʱֵ֮Խ̫ٻʱƬʱԭʯΪԱԴ֮
һʱ֮켶㹻ʹúܳʱ䡣
ѡˡûԥ
ȡ˵ڶֻغʱƬ󣬷Ҳ뿪
ҼϴĻ㲻һδͻȻʵ
㡣߿϶˵
ңϴ˾
ȻʮһĿ΢΢ǰһҲ޺ֻصҲкô
һεĴأķǳ졣
ͨʮһ֮·󣬷ܿͽ˿Ŀռ䡣
ֻоǰâһţͱ˺ѿ
ȷӦʱѾص˰ʮ㡣
Ǳ̬ľݶûͱ̭ɼ֮ѣڵܴġ
Ҳûкôһ˲䣬оԼֻ⣬ƺֶһЩ
ҡҡͷѡ뿪
ֻ̨ʧҲǻָԭ״
ɹϰʮϢҲ߷ʮˡ
磬ء
ţ˴ʮˡ
ֶһߡ

һЩܿعƽ
ֻ֮ӵݣ߱ţϣǶһϰʮľߣûЩʲô𶯡
ϾڻκвǰЩ˵Ĳ࣬ҲԶ
Ҳûзϣع󣬺ܿͶ
طֻأǳ˳ԣ֪ʱţֱĳһ̣Ȼѣ˵Ĺâ
ڸղţо򸽽ؾڱˡ



1381 ٻص
ؾڡ
ɫ͵һ䡣
¶˵ķâȴûмӦ
Įĵһؾڱĸоûٴδ÷üͷԻȴҲûз
ڱˣô£ƽǸؾڵġԿסûͬ⣬˭ܺڣ磬֪Ǳ߷ʲô¡
жˡ
ã˾
޷϶ڱżȻǱȻڳƽ⣬ߵĿǴڵġ
򸽽ǸؾΪ죬óؾڡԿס󣬾Ͳ⣬ǷǸؾϣȴ˵
ҵһ֦
ʱͬĻкѩˣȻǲ֪õʲô֮󣬱Ȼ鷢ڱΪĻкܴĿܣӦóԺѩֱʡ
ؾھǵ򣬲ΣҲӡ
׼ȥġ΢΢ҡͷһʼǴֻصһɺ󣬾ͻصٽؾ
ǣõĸΪ꾡ļ䣬÷һĸоˣҪ׼ֺٽȥȴҪǰˡ
ûжȥȻ˾Ͳԥ
ԶһУʱƿһ⼲Уһֱ̫ٻ
󣬷ص˲˴硣
ľĺԣӰ֣Ŀɨʱ硣
⼸˴ȻſĳɳٶȣʱգȻ׷Ĵ磬켶ǿߡ
ĽҲԽԽѣƽһ㣬ʵϣԽȴǼ֮
Ǳĸ߼磬ʮ겻ܿ
Ŀɨ˴磬ûʲô춯󣬷ٵģǴâ
ҪȥҪȥؾȻôȥ
ɡ
âУǿŲԴεСǿؾؼڲ˴磬ȡԴͲ˴綼ŷ˼ĳɳٶȡ
ʱĻ˿СȻζƮһƬҶɳ˹â˷
һƬҶܴؾҪͬһȥ
Ҷ󣬷һߵ
뿪һĿģؾ塣
âУζţͻȻʧ漴ڷǰΪһâֱӷ˷ڣߵˮ齻ڰڻһ
Ҳǳ˯ڷڡ
Ƭ̺󣬷Լұۣһβڼϣͷ󴦣ס˷۰
ˡ
۾ʱţϵϢۿɼٶ½ò˶ãȥѹĲ˴Ҳûκѹй¶
ڵȥƽƽ棬һͨ˰㣬ѹ
ֱʱһҲɣٲԥ


ʮʱȥҲǽȡ
ȻɳٶԶԶϲ˴磬ͨ棬Ҳһָԭ磬֪ǿ١
Ľԣʹһǿ֣߳ԵԭϵҲĪĳ
ǹ磬Ǳģȫ췭ظĸı䣬ȫҪƵ
ǵά£ȴҲǽ־޴ıڿĳ̶ϣûӰ쵽ȶ
ԭ֪˶ٱ̫ƽϣӰ֡
λû׼ߵˡ
ڵϡ
ɳĮɽȫ˷㼣Էٶȣתۼ߱
ţǰһ̲ŴӼ洬ǰɹһ̾ͳڵһ˵Ĵ켣ȺУ°Ƭʧ
ûע⵽ҲûʶĴڡ
ǲ¾ʹǰɹ޶ãͲڡ
ȫ򣬷ΪģȻΪؾ塣
õУ䣬Ѫ磬Կ϶Ǹ粻ǵ򣬵ǲ֪ô£ҲѪ壬ֻǺٵһ֡
Ҳ˴ء
ؾǽЩѪջأʵϣҲһģЩѪӡʹ䣬ѪأҲɢ
ֻҪЩĵطͣôһӵص𣬷ֱϣӦλͻ𣬱
󣬷С磬ؾ˴˵һ塣
ؾʮ֮һѾܳԤˡұЩ⣬ĻҪá
ǽؾˡ



1382 Ʈҡ
գ
·һƽԭ۲ɼĹӵصû˷ڡ
ĬĬš
ӡع飬ؾһҲ鸴ӵļ䡣
ڽؾ֮ǰ׼Щһ
Щ䣬Ǻģֻкһ֣ǶǰõĲ䣬Щĸһ֣ǱļƬΣȴǸӵ飬Ҳͷ
ʮ֮һ壬䲻١
УǸ̾磬ҲԽԽķòεȣҲӵ꾡Ȼʵû̫壬ǧʱ䣬Ĳ׺ɣ˵ʱ䣬Ҳ꣬ǧ֮ǰˡ
󣬷Ȼ˼Ϊ̵һ֡
¡~
׹к£磬÷ɫʱס
ּ䣬ͬ侳ĸоżĲ䣬ԽʵҲĳ
һĹۿţŬ۾Ҫֲ׹
һΣڿˣ׹еĶһڵӰӣУĿֱӵһ̣ȴǻĵĿ־塣
~
Ƭʧɫ԰ףٵĴϢţ¶ɫ
ǸӰӦþǵ֣޷ݵĿ¡
Ƭ̺󣬷侲
еɻԽԽ̫࣬벻ͨĵط
ʱˡ
ûе飬ڵѰʱ͸оؾֱһΣȥ
һ̹ӷϸͬʱǰգҲǷһŻ
һŻʧ

磬
ΪµĽأǽΧˣԼٶš
ʱΧĺϣͣһۡ
ÿһϣ˴ڣЩȫ£űѩͼȫԺѩˡ
ΪλһƣǿϵƵƶ±ԽԽǿΪһȻԶ
Щ£޴𵴣ϵĿֲҲỺɢһЩ
Щ˺ϵĺ£µĵҲǷƮҡ
ڵƷչȥĻ׹ƺҲʱ⡣
Ǻǣ˺ڴһ̰ӸµһϣһЦ
ЦģһȼŻͷӣĿǰ˺
ģǷؾϵǿߣ˺
ߡ
˺һɫ
ˣСӵ˳ʲôôͷӺ
ƨ˺ŭһĻɫһնɱ
ͷЦЦȴǲôš
ʮǰ˺˶أһͳˣֲ״˺ѩ磬кüλǿԳ棬Ҳ飬ûκջ
ԭʮֿˣ½룬ȵĵһ֦ߣ͸ʧȥƽ⣬淢£ǿ߽룬Ҳѱ
ǰǿߣҲóȻ롣
úѩ缫Ϊ𾪣Ͼؾ粻٣ÿһҲŽأ类ɵʱֵģǣһгֵĽأܿµ̶ֳȣȴͷһҲúѩǿ߹עߡ
ʶĲͬѰ֮
һʱ䣬ûʲôð취ֻ취ǿϺĥʮںѩˮĥ£Ѿ˲١
ò˶ãܳ׵ھŵܡ
˵СӵҲأǾȻ鲻һ磬Ҳ֪ǲСӼȻĿ³̶ȣʬ޴ˡͷӵ
⣬Ҳ˺ѩȤ
ǣ𾪵ǣΣ鲻ĸ磬ƾճƵġ
ҵϣš˺¶̹Ǻ⡣
꣬ǲһ˰
ΪȴڷǺεȳ裬˵ʱķʵԶɡ
ôܡͷȻʧЦ˺ƺת󣬾ͼֻص򣬾ҪŪ
˺ȫڰ׷ѹ
Ҫ֪뺮ѩ۽һʼӲ㣬ݺ˸˺ü켶ǿߣطһλ
Ƿεºܣƾʲôлš
ʮǺѩ⣬ǴûˣܻŴг



1383 
˵ָСӻţбĻᣬָܹջ񡣡ͷӵĿԶ¶ڴ֮ɫڵȥ֮ڣǾܳɹ
̫ˡ˺
ûô򵥡
ֵֻ̨Ŀ³Ǹʮ꣬˺жǲɶֹĸֿ־塣
ֲֿɱ
ԶԶֱֻ̨Ĳж٣
˺ֻ̨֪ǷٻģǲһĻɫҲ롣
ʶΪֻ̨ĿֲڣҲΪˣŻѩļȤϧʮʱĥƽ⡣
ʵϣ˺ԼҲŵĿ΢΢
֮ȬˣҪΪΨһʶֻ̨ˣڵ󣬻ܷһЩá
õǿµĶһͳؾָտɴͷ¶˵Ұġ
˺˵ͷ

ںѩˣȫʱ
շ漴һŻ˳
һΣ뿪ؾλȻҲǻص
Ŀȫǲ
ʧȥǽ֦󣬷뿪ĵص㣬Ҳ
һ̾͸оϵʼţȡ
ţͻȻ¶һ˿ɫ
ڵʵҪſûôף÷еǣвԶС
շƲ⣬ԼĴ֦󣬻ֽȻ෴ʧȥƽ⣬Ҳðĸӿ£·ڵʵԶǵܱȣҲһв
֪вȻ֮С
~
Ͽգ಻ϵ·ʲôͣϣ
ԭˡ׹Ҳ֪ˣΪʲôԼоؾڱˡ
Щ繥ڲͣĹ£Ӱ쵽ؾڡ
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ӦϿڣҪ˺飬Ѿˣ˺ȻԽ˺ɱ˷ǰ
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Ŀɨȫ
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1384 򷨲
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1385 Ͷ
򷨲ֱ֣Ǳ̬֮
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ϼǷڣʵȻԶ緽Ҳû
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Ȼȴˡ
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ñ˵Ĺ򲻵ڷʱ򣬵˵ķҲбܿӶɻ
ȻһֻĻΪӣǳɹȴҲǺ֮
Ҳʶֻ淨жô죬ǳֻֻ֣֮֮֮ѡ״ӵ淨
ҡҡͷ˼ĿӵԶˡ
ʱϼһصף֪ȫɵˡ
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ֻϧҵ츳ޣҲطʵԶԶ㣬ֻܽ˼й¶㣬ҶԺѩѪֻҪ֪ģԲ

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һ¶ɱ֮ĺѩ磬ߺͷǽǸõѡ
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ΪͨŻᱻָͨĻؾ磬ֻͨżֵĿռѷͨеԲסϽ磬Ȼս
ôĻָؾҲǰ粻ͨı׼
磬ǽֺߺҪް취ʵ
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ԭȷʵǴ⣬һ˶Źڿӣȴ˵ѡ
ҲǰʱλѩʹԷڶǰһ䣬ʷԸԸ뺮ѩ磬һͬ⣬̶֣Ҳ˵˵ȷ
ҿһֻҪȫҡ룬Ӧ
ͷҷԺѩ磬ҲΪʲôġ
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ǡԥϼ۾¶صĿ̹ǳޣǺѩʵһһĹ߹
ѩȻ˲ţεģǺѩˣЩˣʼûȫֻǵڻңߺ硢ǽսϵԴҲϺѩˡЩˣϲطʵط١
Ҳϣԭ
ѩİط;طʣȫǺѩˡ
˺ҲԱ磬ֻѪͬԺѩ绹ǺĵģҲԿһ
ߵ˺ΪʵȴϼΪѩ粻ǡ
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ֻҪˣûк˵ء
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áԥ䣬ֲ˻棬һϼϡ
˻ԣûзأĹºܿ
ĵ˵ͷ
Ѻѩ޾ϸ˵

ѩ硣
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ꡣ
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飬ƽʱͻȻʯѿڼžĴԵü̶͵һ



1386 ɱ
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ѽɫӽسһ֣˵Ŀ⣬·ؼһѳ
~
ɫһЩϼ˶µǿһȼҽŻΪҽһ۷׷ױ顣
գۼ䣬ɱĺѩǿߣ˴
磬ȼ
á
ͳɫ䣬켶ǿߣѿֲҲûκεֵ뷨תߣȻǰѽɫȴ˱˴˼ľ룬ϻһΪ
ţɫ𣬽Ƭʬٳ˷ɻҡ



1388 ɱȥ
ͳһѩǿԭͲʿ̱ˡ
ӡ
һǿߣôǳ֡
ѩ˹Ǻû뵽Ϊɵɱ֮ãɱһȴǡ
ɫһѩǿһ۱顣
׹ϽˣǸ߹󲻵ȥǿĵǰҲͬ׸
ֵˣȻǷ
þˡ
سڣӹһٵңԳֵķ˸мȻˣ־壬Ŵͷĸо
ѩͳϽ꣬еǿǸٹ̡
û˷һ⣬ѩѪѹһ类ɱ
ȻڷɱЩѩҲûиǶϣ
سеʲô֣⡣
̼䣬ɱسǧѩǿߣͱȫɱ⣬󣬳еһۡڣȻ۾ķ
̫ٻصУŷһӳǰշ·ǲƵģȻ
һʧա
Ŀռѷ촦
һɣǵش˵أ˳ߡ
Ǻǣ˵ǳرû
ǻ˵Сطĳǳأͳ˵Ĵ£Ͼܴݻ٣ǣ綼Ѫɺӡ
ѩɵĽ̸ţһ㶼ġ
ǸΪһ磬ѩ
ôĲҽУö
һѩǿ߲ţӽسңңҽУ¶֮ɫھҲǱߵȻξ룬ʱʧ棬ֱ治˭ġ
뵱ȻΪǽ°
ͻȻ
ǰգһȼŽɫĳֳ
ʲô
һѴðĳ
ое춯ѩЩ˻Щ£Ūô£Ȼһ̣Խռ̫ٻɳֲӦĻᶼûУڽɫл˷ɻҡ
ڱ磬޼֮ܿԽľ룬Զڵؽʱ
ڽسǣһӳɱפڿռѷ촦Щˡ
ôһɱĺѩȫû
سǡ
ִ̫ٻ˿ռѷ촦ʹɱһ硣
ĺܼ򵥡
ʮŸ磬ʮ׵壬һʱٴɱ
һȥȣõİ취ѡһɱȥȻȻľѩע⣬ҲЩɱͣתԸ
õƾַǵȳ󱻺ѩһͼ硣

ϵ硣
һڿУ·һ޴Ŀбݡ
ʱһϣʮµŮ棬ԸصϢ

ͻȻƽơ
һѩǿ߷ɵϣʮ˹Щš
λˣǺȥʧȥϵѩǿ鲻С˲ϴѶֱ㱨
ţ
Ϊ׵һ׷кâȷǵ
ûãһλѩǿ߾ʧĳ˽ˣӺѩ紫Ϣʯˡ
ɱˣȻܸʯֻʮ˲С
ʮˣ޲ǿߣǵʯȫôǵʣҲǱɡ
ôĵӣ˭ɱǺѩˡ
Уʱŭɶĺ˳
ɱ磬еҷˣȫɱ⡣˶ɱڣоѪ֮ɫ
ϵˣʮһ⣬ȫط
һεɱģǰʮŸɳǿ
ȻɱԵɣû͸¶
ûǴˣɱһͨϽ磬ɳһ켶Ҳ͹ˣԶԶò
̣ǶԸǿе̬
ǿĵˣҲģ֮ɱ
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˶ǿ׵İ׷ߣֻһ£ȫɱϵ硣
ͳͳұ졣
ʱһȴ洫ţ߽һڼ׵ӣĿɨˡ
˶ĸо
Ϊ׵İ׷ߴһæվҲǷ׷
ͻȻĺڼӣȻɱִ֮һطǿ߻
ʵǵλԶ֮ϡ
ɳ֣̽Ͷ򡣡ûˣȷ
˹ӦǣǰȥִС
˷׷¶ɫû뵽´ĵһȻǾپɱȥǲȡ˸ΪĶ
ˣɱˡһλط
ֱ֪ߵף𵶵
ǲǺ֣Ϊʲôֱɱȥɨһۣ
ʾ¡׷߹
ʲôҪǣֹɱ磬ֹǱ𣬲ֹѩܣھǡ
ⷬһ˶ʱ¶ŵ顣
޷󣬻˭вʮط
Ҳ֪ԵĶ˭һˣһȺˣ֪ڲǰ˺ϼ䣬ѣôһˡص˼㡣
ʲô
˶𣬸޷š
˵ⷬˣǻǿ϶ŭ˵˵
ǣ˵⻰ǻѩ֮һԺѩĹˣȴ˲òš
ʱǲ׹Ϊʲô˵ھˡ
ɱϼķڣɱʮˣҲȫڻ¡
ôô׷߻亹ֱð
ľʣ޷ϼ֮Ժѩ˵ǳôһѩŭ£ʮŸӳҲǺˡ
֮ûǰǣǲ÷ǽߺŪԵɣӶ֦ڣڼȻԷѾ֣ҲûıҪˡ
仰Ҳǽ⿪˵ɻ
˶֪ѩ緢ɱԵȴǲö֪
뿴ǰ¶֪ҪڶԸɱϼĿµ£ԷǽߺвǶԺѩ˵һѡ
ھͺˣѾ֣ҪģǼоԵ쵶ն飬ɱ
ģһ֡
ǰһв
ȷɷ󣬾һɱȥλǰҲ
ϼȣҲǲ֮ˡ



1389 ֮ȡ׼
ڣ˶
֪ǺεȿºԭҪɱ籨ˣҲǱ졣
ѩɳ˴ʮŸ
ͬһʱ䣬ʮ׵塣
˭Ҳ֪һ磬ʹѩٶȹ죬ҲʮŸ綼ɡ
Ϊ޷϶λطûں󷽣ȴǰѶϢ˷ֱ磬ȷ״ٶȻϡ
ϵЩطҲǳͬĵ
ûԳ֣ǰµɱЩ磬ͨɱЩҲ㹻ˡ
~
˻ǿҵУҲƽȻƽûгþͱơ
Ǹǰɳȥ̽Ϣĺѩǿ߳˽ľţˣˣ˴ӽɱһ·ңɳȥȫˡ
ʲô˴󾪡
֣ѹ˵ĽͲĿˣһˣ
ǡѩǿߺԥĵͷһͬħӣܵͳ죬һնɱ
أ
ûзӰ
ȥɣĶʱ㱨˵ͷ͵վ¶˷â
ɱϼģˡ
û뵽ǵû磬ɱ
ôĵӣôĵӡ
ҲǷ
ԽԽأ˭˿̵ŭͱɱ⣬Ժѩ磬Ϊ֮
ڷĶѩƬ㴫
һȷϣڿ϶Ŀ꣬

~
һӳԶһ۶ʱ鿪һŻ档
ĮջĿ⡣
ͨһ磬ϵ硣
ŪˣѩϽڶ
磬ϵȼҪߵĶࡣ
ӽɱ󣬷Ŀͺȷ鱨϶ĸ֪÷ȷϵ˴֮ء
Щǰ̽·ۣǵ·Ҳٴȷϡ
졣
ģγһ֡
źѩķλ΢΢Ц
ܿѩĲ𣬾ҪԾǿٶɱͬģģͬǿ졣
ڵģúѩʵۼΪǿĶ֣ǷĴԻϺܶ౶
ڣҪԿȸѩɲʹĽѵ
˫졣
ȫٸϵͬʱطҲٶȸͼϡ
ʱϵ˵Ļ϶ܸڷ֮ǰλطлغϡ
ûô
Ϊһܶвϼ֮ͬУҪɱѶȣԶϼ
ңҲģԼ˵ĻҲʹߣҪҵҪϸʱ䣬ͽ
ˣϵ⣬ҲҪȷǣסߡ
ȻɱȻ֮á
ŷ¶Ҳϵˣѩ硣
Ǹ̤ʧķ
Ȼû
ϳ˷
Ȼģѩֻ˺һˣòͱ˺˵Ѳ磬Ҫҳ
ǽںѩĹעص㣬йصķҲһЩ۽硣
ʱ˳
ɱϼʮʱ䣬ʵʹ죬ôܡ
ѩ磬˶ǴΪ𶯡
Ǽֱ޷
Ǵδؾֹģûʲôǲʮʱ䣬ʵĴ죬ȣֱ漣е漣
Ҳ˿
ȻǷ˵ʵǿ죬ٲǾطʡ
Ҫ֪ϼ䣬ʵò˵ľ
ʮǰ죬ôʱ䣬죬Ѿǲ˼ˣطʣǲܵ顣
ֻҪǾطʣȥӦ

ϵ硣
գǰһۺգվһѩǿߣٴеĿ
ȻֻһˣȴȻƵĺѩǿ߽֮
һ·ϣѾвˣڷ¡
һȻѹԸ߲ǿѹޱͷ˳
~
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ɲǼ䣬ǰͿճһ顣
ﰡ
ֲ̫ˡ
ѩ˱˵Ŀ£ǵĿУ˿־塣
ֻ߰ٶڴӡ
ںѩ˾Ųʱ
~
ֲ𣬺գһڼ׵ĿĮߴ˴˷ϡ
ϵϢ뺣糱ն뷽ݺײţһʱ䣬ƺֹס˷
ѩ˶ʱʿ
ڡĿ䡣
ƺϻĻ
~
~
ֲ׵ϢӺ󷽵Ŀռѷ촦˻δ˸оǵǿ
ʡ
ѩλطѾԽ˿ռѷ죬ʽ̤ϵ磬Լٶȸ
ò˶ãǾܻһͳɱ
ˡһһ٣˷ڡ
λطĽ٣úѩ˳ġ
־ܡӺ󷽴
Ͷ㻹л·ö
Ƿɷ
˾ûΪл˿ܣͶĻȻǱնɱ³
ΪҾͲҶ𣿡治ɫ
ʼգҲû¶˿ɫ
ֻҪûĵûг׻ϣҿһ
һҲǿˣⳡ֮ʤ
ɱ~
Ȼǰɱȥ˴֮УӶ̫ٻ𣬶ʱΧĺѩǿĪɱˡ
Į
£ѩɢͬʱ£ǵصĺ˷
Ȼڳˣʵ㣬϶ҧھ޴£Ȼܴв
~
Ц׼ǰŷܴ֮ʱһ
ͻȻ
һľ¸дӻӿ̼ͳȫһǰδеΣոо
á
󷽣ƺҲʶߵΣգɷŭХֲҪһӰ죬ͬʱٶȸ͵ؼӿ죬ͬƿն
ѩĺը¡
˵ûг֣·һ磬ǵصĹ£ڿʱȫܿ
ûһϣؼȴֺմ
ĿúʹжķϣĿԷеıɱ⡣
ΧŴǻȴ֮ȴֻԼһ˵Ĺµо
~
̫ٻնһ·Ǵһ̳ͽ͵ķȻ˲䶴˻塣



1390 ֮
㡭
˫ĿԲɣ֮ɫ
û뵽Уλط˾·Ҷ֣Ŀ껹Լ
û뵽顣
ңɹˡ
еĹѸȥϵҲˣһ壬Ҳݻ
̫ٻ۷壬ֻͬ
򷨲ֵ״̬ɱֱĹ˲նɱ˻
~
˾ĿУ屬鿪漴ڽɫбٳ˷ɻңȫʬ
䡣

ѩˣȫɵˣոձʿʧӰ٣Ҫ롣
Ŀ³̶ȣԶ
û׷ɱԭأе̫ٻ¶˼˼֮ɫ
նɱһһĪ򣬶֮ҲЩԺз·һȴûмʱץס
ս˲Ϣ䣬ܿͻعû˼ȥ˸λط
ѩɳλطԻʵϼڲ֮䣬Ҳɱһ
ǷɷĻų䲻⣬򷨲ֵ״̬Ҳûаһ佫֮նɱϾطôɱġ
ɷڸ
ȷ˼룬ɾ⼸룬˻
ɷһŮӣȣһֻĿ⺬ɷһӣ̤ն»ԡ
ֲλطӿϵա
Ŀ⣬ǳɱ⡣
ϼлһɱǺѩطұ֤ɡĮ
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˵ʱķ˺ѩıɱ߼ûתĿܣֻһĳա
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Ȼֳ˾˵ʵ˶˿塣
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һޱߵĹâʱء
ɷӿ߲ʹâע뵽µڣ߶Ȼһצ˿ֲȻ˷
һ֣ʱǾ춯أϵ硣
Ȼ˻ˮкذ»˿˷ڿʱ˿ȥ
Ӷ̫ٻ𣬹ˣÿһɷĪвʵǿᣬ˷¡
λطҲò
ЩԶĺѩǿߵľĿߣޱȡ
ô£Ϊʲôô򲻵
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˳ˮĹ£ȴΡȻ
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ֻҪ򷨲֣޵еġ
ˡ
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û׼˲ȥ
սѾߵȻҲʹ˺ѩ磬ȥĻԷΪսپⳡս
~
ɷͻȻһǸоǰķ˱仯
ִһĸоͻȻʧӶĴֿɼ
̫ˣˣҲάֲ״̬˴ϲ
޴ڵâ͸÷оǵӣ˿˿Ʋһ¶ҪĪ
Ŀ֮
ֻҪУеĳӣҲѲȥֻ
ˡ
˷֮ʱͻȻһӴķ󣬾ſʯƬҫŹеһǷ֮â˿֮ϡ
ʯϿӡƣԵڶط
ֻ⣬طϵҲûֹǰڵõ洫طҪ淨ҪףʱѾ۳˵һƣͻһС磬滻֮󣬶ʱطܴ
һ÷ɷļ²ѵӷ
ôܣ
˺Ȼɫ䣬һֱΪʵ棬ֻ򷨲ֵ״̬̫죬ڲ֪ʵ˿ǡ
ξѣԼʵͿ˷ڣ̤۷ĵá
~
̫ٻȻַɳڿлһֻӴޱȵĽڣֲĻķҫ۵Ĺâä
Ƶ»˲ͱյĸɸɾ
һ˽֮С
~
ǰӴĽȶųޱ޼ʵĻʱˡ
һ̣ϵУͬһ̫Ĺԣԭ̫Ȼʧɫ
Сġ
ǿҵ˼вӿͷ
Ϊһ壬ʱķԶ̨ʱǿݺ޵С
~
һγ׻ɳȥ󣬷һԾķɷӴצץס΢һ˺ĩɷҪܣڽǰȴӵõֱӱɡ



1391 
ˣɷ˶
ۿŷɷڻûתۼ䱻ٳɷɻңѩ˱ˡ
ϼ֮վ磬ڴ˵û֮ʹȴĿãǻǷɷط䣬βǵľ־嵽˼㡣
ңɷ֣κβ˷նɱһ
ֻʣһˣҲҲá
Ӱ~
֪˭ͷĺѩǿһȫƴߣҲͣǺһҲ䣬Ҫȫǣȫ׾١
Ҫɱ~
Զŭ죬۾һƬѪ죬ֲ»ͬ󺣣ŷӿҲǷ
һƬƬ»ɵĵУȫ֣ŷϵ˺Ƭ
Ȼ壬ӴĽˣͬ׹ǳսһ
˵Ŀֲϵ磬أ䴩գ·ĩս١
ſʯƬڷ£ԴԴϵƶ̫ٻ÷û˿ߵĸо״̬ʼǱ۷塣
ǰûдʯط޷־ã÷۷״̬˶þͻỬ䣬񣬱Դ֮ӿȣṩ޾ȫ־ս
ڵϢأҲӰһʵӲ
ڷĹ£ˣôŭҲ޼¡
Ȼռ˾ԵƣǶʱڣҪɱôһͬĶ֣ҲδΪˣ֮ǰ󣬲Żѡɱһķɷ
ûʱ˷ȥ
ۼ״Ѫ˿ˣȴ⡣
ȵѩԮΣյľˡ
ڵ֮ǰնɱ
뵽ԥצı˺û׷͵˫ᣬ˿ռѷ촦
Ҫ֪ܻģǽڣٶڴ˵Ҳǰеġ
Ȼڲȫչֳڵٶȣ¶һԶˡ
~
ڿռѷ촦˺ƴ̫ٻ漴ʹ˿ռѷ죬˸һ硣
ǱϵΪ߼ı̺磬Ҳǻ֮ǰĵط
ϣؾǿ֮һĺѩˡ
Ȼûȥѩ뷨ڱ̺磬ͨϵͺѩĿռѷ⣬вͨĿռѷ죬λãҲʹ֪
ھĶϺѩǰҺԼ·
ܸѩ糹ȥڵǺѩʵĶ֡
ѩ´ɱΧͨڱ磬ȴ糣ģӱ̺ȥ磬ںѩ練Ӧǰܳ׵ʧ١
Ҫ׷Ϸ;޿ˡ
ңһ漰࣬ԶԶʮŸвȼߵģǿ纮ѩ磬ҲܶЩֻҪӱ̺ߣע˺ѩʧܡ
~
һ̺磬ܻ˽ڣ˫ᣬһ磬ɢҫ۵Ĺԣһռѷ촦ȥ
ѩûзӦܿ죬ͽӽΧһѩ˶ûС
ͻȻ
һɿֲϢڼԶɽХ㱬˳ء
ؼ䣬Ʈ˶ëĴѩֱ½
󺧣æͷȥֻǸۿɼٶȱ⣬Ｑӹ
ͬһѩ磬Ѹš
ѩʡ
̾׹ֵıȻǺѩǿߣطʼǿߺѩʡ
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֪һЩϵһʱ䣬߲ˡ
ЩëĴѩڽϣȻ̱ٻȻһ˿˿ȴȾ˽ٶȱ仺Ҳһ㽩Ӳĸо
⻹Ǿ뼫ԶԵʡ
ܽĻܵӰ֮Զ
˻~
һԺѩʵĿ£һֱ۵ʶ
۷;طʣȻǲһС𣬿ʵϣر𣬷ڵʵϺѩʣ׶༪١
ֻڣȴ̫ˡ
ںѩʸ֮ǰܴռѷ죬ȵһ磬ѩʵӰ쵽ԽڵٶȣȻܳɹѣںѩ֮ǰʧڱ硣
֪ѩʵĹܲ˲򷨲ֵ״̬
Ժתͷȴûиж
ɷսУֻͿĴҲðΣ֤
ǳһսʱ򡣡
ĮĿ˱ѩӵķһۣ̫ٻָԭ״ɻصУ漴һ˿ռѷ졣



1392 û
ռѷ죬뿪̺ûá
ѩƮΧһо⣬һ㰨ѩ
ѩУһӰ̤նͷᣬǺѩʡ
ԶƵıŭɱ⣬ȴû̴ռѷȥ׷ɱ粻
ռѷʱ򣬲ά̫ǿӰ쵽ռȶпɲĺ˷ڴռѷʱǽ˺ͽڵĺ壬̫ٻָԭ״Ž롣
ڴռѷʱ͵Ϯʱ
Ǳ˵Ļѩʸǣʹ͵ϮҲ˲Ƿһط䣬֤ʵ
ȻѩսʤڴռѷʱȫһҲǲܺ˵Ľ
~
һ¸գŴ˵ؼٷǷŭ׷
¡ռѷԵĺѩʣʧɫæ˻ͨһںѩǰܣôɱ˻ͷɷѣ𷣡

֪ԼһεǺε֮ء
оѩʱĿϣɵĲֹ
Ƭ̺󣬺ѩջĿ⡣
޹أҲûϵǷȻ˹¡ѩ
Ҫ˵Ҳȫֵϡ
¡
¡
һɢǿϢӰϸǶǽӵǰϢ֪λط䣬ҴҵĸϹȫ˺ѩʵĺ档
¹ȥ׷
һطѩûзԵ˼̴һЩ˿ռѷ졣
ѩܷ纮˭ܸоŭɱ⡣
˭ɱطº󣬿¶õȥ
ܿ죬Щǰȥ׷ɱ˶ء
ǵŬͽ޹
ڵٶԶκ֮ϣĹ򣬷ʹ˺ü磬׵Ĵ۽ʧˡ
ռѷ촦һ¶Ҳûפر
һ磬ͨĿռѷкܶࡣ
ѩЩˣ׷鵽󣬾ҲѰټһֱȻۣǴˣ˦ѩ˺뿪ȫϢ
ڼ䣬ûдռѷ죬ǰ磬ִ˶ٸ磬ѩ˸ȷ
𷣡
ˡ
ѩһ䣬ӿŷɱ⣺ٴηɱҪɱٸ磬ȷҳ
⻰һ˶Ǵʧɫ
£ǸҲȥдɱĻ֮һϽᱻȥ滹кüȼ͵磬˼һطæȰ衣
Ȳ˵ôΧɱܲҳҳˣҲδؾһΧɱòʧ˵ѩʵ뷨Ǳŭ£ʧȥǵΪ
˼ҲȰ衣
ˡ
һѩҲ侲Ҳ֮һϽǼΪǵΪ
ɱλطǺѩ޷ĲʧɱѰѩİطĶʹ
ʧʵ̫ˡ
Ǻ罻սû˴ʧ
ȻΪԷʵ˽⣬£µĲغ
ɳֳ鷽ȥ磬һҪҲţһֱȥѩ
ǡΧ˶ʱӦ
𼫶˵Ĵɱ˳жºͶˣҲᵼ²ɲĺȻܹܡ
£ʮŸɱҪҪȥ磿ԥ£ǰһѯʵ
ɱִߡ
ѩûйӹһ٣ʱȴҲǲòӲͷƤʡ
ʮŸɱŸտʼûãΪӶжϡ
ѩĮ
Ѿ뿪ʮŸ磬ɱûκ壬ǵйߣβ粢࣬ҲûȰ衣
ϾѩڱıԵҲϣʮŸѪúѩ
ͻȻ
һطɫһ䡣
£ɽ硢ҽɭɽ紫Ϣ⵽ߺͷǽ֡
ɶǾҳû١
ԣ̾˹
ɽ磬ߺͷǽ磬ҲǺѩرصĵط
ºѩôĶĶĿ
ԭѩҲ⣬ֻҪߺͷǽ練ӦǰնɱǻᣬͲ⣬˭Ҳû뵽ʵȻﵽ̶ֳȣʹǹһ
صĺ
ߺͷǽ磬ȻŹĻᣬûһ
һȺ쵰ѩк
ȼ쵰ϻȥ⻰һҲʱ˶ʮŸɱ
ǿУѩֲ֣ȥֶ顣



1393 ʮ
ν硣
һƫƧĳǳڡ
Ȼϡ΢΢˿
ߺͷǽĳû٣ûгԤϣڶǰͿǵֿԡ
õ鱨÷Ĺϵ֪֪ѩĺûᣬ϶
˵ȻɱϺѩλطһԭ򣬾Ϊ˴ٳ֡
˵ûнȫɱǼϼλط䣬úѩ˽ǣ£ǻܰסŽй£ѩûʲôƵĻ»Ĺʧء
ʹûУҲȻǣѩĴ󲿷־ûж˼Լϡ
ѩôԼǣҲҪѶԸԼжѺ
͸˷ᡣ
ȻҲ˶⡣
Ȳ˵ѩ϶ɳѲԼ٣Ժѩеϵλһ£ЩڲҲȵĽ̲飬ǲܷԼôһ޴вڲ
ĻòʱѾ硣
̫Ļ¶٣пܻɱ֮
Σڵľƶ˵Ҳ൱ĺã̽ؾء泩
ò⣬һ㶼ġ
뿪ؽʱ򣬿ǵؾ׼Ӧĵر
ͬλðĹâӷɢڹâȾ£߶ȻҲǱݸǷ췭ظı仯
Ƭ̺󣬳ԭصģһ󺺣òͷʮǧ
Ƿӵĵرľ
ĸıò
ĵرǵʱͼһҲ⣬ؼڣľĵȼ
òĵرҪľǵȼʱ֮һȼ̫ͣ𲻵κãʵǿһһ۾ܿ
ľĵȼ켶𣬿˵Ƿǳǿˡ
һĵرϰطֻ淨ˣܿαװ
ңڷľҲһαװһۿǵޡ
ܿ죬һģķҡڵ뿪ס̲ˣǳضڳˣ̲ܵ飬ȻվЩǰȴǸûʶҪҵ˾վǰ
ĳ˳ǡ
ҵʵڶʱΪطʣҲô鷳ֻϧǾ޿ܡЩź
ǾطʵĻȻͲپºѩʡ
ûпԡ
Ƿתͬʱ淨Ҳмͻƣܿǵż
Ҫתûôס
ǰھĽУڶľķ룬˵Ǻ׵ģǴתʼʽ̤תķ룬ѶӵĲһ㡣
µǣǰûжΣյģʧҲ䣬תʧܵĻˡ
ʥǼɵĻһ䡣
Ҫתڵ׼
ҡҡͷջ˼עǰ
˵ؾʲôصĻؼĵط¾Щء˼·
Щ类ɽĲͬʱʧһ֣ȡ֮ģǽء
֮һ
Ҫ̽ؾأصȻҲЩڡ
ν磬Ǻϵһ硣
ڲҲмء
ЩصĿ³̶ȣҪǿһȻڡ
Է˵ȴǹ˿в
ڣ߱νĽأȴûκη֣٣򵥵ܷܵĻҲֵ̫Ǯˡ
ļأ⣬Ҳûгĵط
֮⣬Ϊǽ֦
ȷνûջ󣬷ܿ뿪˱硣
һŵʱ˲磬߱Ľء
Ҳײһĵߣ
Ͼؾ磬л֮ĵ̣һһߵ
жϵı׼Ǹṩ鱨
ֻЩرص磬ŻΪĿ꣬ӱ̺ߺν磬ΪһرĽء
Ǹ棬ûзκ쳣
ӣȥЩΪĿ磬ṩ鱨ȽͳʮأҴ󲿷ֶǺѩߵ磬ڵģ˽Ĳࡣ
һæµ󣬷еĴų
գֻʮأߴȫλںѩ硣



1394 Ѫ
ΣƲѩ硣
̫⡣
ؾǿ֮һҲпܲصĵطʵϣע⵽ôһ⡣
Ǻѩ磬Ƿǽ磬ߺ硣
ǶǿڶطططʶУĴ粻֪Ҫǿ١
У֮ϵģʮ󶥼⣬ҲûжٸÿһǺպڵǵȷļء
ǣУȴûпֻ֣ģǷҲûз֣ЩպбɴӶʧ˵磬Щ֪ġ
ڱɽǰӦĬĬǺͨĴ硣
ǿǳڽؾ֮ͬʱҲɳΪ𼫸ߵĴ磬ܲ
һ߼Ĵ磬Խ׵ǿߣ֮Ȼ˼
˴֤һ㡣
ԴӲ˸ٳɳں󣬲˴˶Уһһǿ֣߳׾ٵͻƿȵȡ
˵ͼĴ絮ǿߣֿҲǴڵģǼʵ͵˷ָԶԶ޷͸߼ȡ
Ȼû磬ܿ϶ǵļ𼫸ߡ
ﲻԴӣ类ɽʱҲ̫£Ǿ޿ܳɳô죬ôԭؾϡ
ؾأĵط硣
ܿ϶һ㡣
ȻҲûмڽ뺮ѩ磬֮ǰҪȰ߱飬˵ҲܷһЩ

ħ硣
һɽǰ
ȥأΪ˽ʡʱ䣬ȫٷоı̳ܿܵĵط̽ء
Ҳҿѩ罫Ҫľϣпܱ֡
Ȼڵòİģٶȣںѩ֮ûжˣ׾ͻᱻʶơ
ĺӣҲˡ
֮սѾӽβ
ǳźѩʧصʱ֣û٣ںѩƴֿ£ߺͷǽռһı˺󣬾ûжͷˡ
Ͼĵط̫٣ҺѩһֱرأҪѩȴǾ޿ܣռһЩϽ硣
Ǻѩ䣬пѩ硣
ˣҲǼþգѩڶʧ˴Ƭغ£Ҳס˾ƣ˷ǽߺһ档
˫ձԷ˵ͺΣˡ
ֶĺѩ磬϶޵˹תͷͻȫץ
һأ󣬾ȥѩ硣˾ĿҲǰɽϡ
ħ磬Ǻͱ̺һ磬硣
ɽѪȣҲħ׿һأûü켶ǿߡ
һλطѪȣҲûл
Σճ̶ȣѪȼܺͺѩĽˡ
ʱħʱ֣ңȻѪڵĵطȴûһ˿յĽɽѪ⣬ΧһУȥ쳣ɭֲ
ܣһӰûС
ÿһض׿ģΧ̣û˻῿
ȷû󣬷һʱ̤Ѫȡ
Ѫӿʱû
˻~
ЩӦĳ˳ǣŵѪζѪȺ󣬾ǽһ磬һѪȵ硣
ԣһѶѵĿݹǣںģǣƺ˵ţ˺֮ࡣ
ӭѪУϸСĳζš
ЩѪĳʱǼʳ㣬͵˹һݹϣҲɳĳ
ĿȥѪеĳ۵ףЩǣЩʵȻǿн𼶱ʵ
ȻԷ˵Ǹʵߣ϶ҧ
üͷ΢壬ϸһ棬ʱЩĳڻвҽţȫ˻ҽ
һûŵ١
ѪµģЩ޴ڵĳǿĳûʲôͬ
ɫȼţĳٳɷɻңΧѪУҲǱЩ
ЩѪ⣬ЩԭƽƽĴ˹£ʱսĿ³̶ȣ
˼š
ĳѪŵѪ⣬Щ˵Ǵҩһ㣬棬ǵʵڽ
ںܾǰѪȵΧû˿ֲЩԡѪֳ֮󣬲űޱȿֲ
ȵΧĳĲ󣬷Ѫȥ
ţ
һͻȻһͷֻұ۵Ȼ



1395 Ѫ
壿
ұϷâ̷Ӧ˹
ڵؾʮ֮һһڽӽһܸӦ壬˵ӡĵط
һ壬Ѫȣ
ħڱؾǰһ磬ǣӦòĵطεǸ磬ûκĵط૵
ħĻе󣬲ͬһ磬׺ɣı仯Ҳûô󣬶ҸҪǣħطûзκӡĻôΣӦӡġ
Ѫȡ
ÿһأǸԭеģڱһֺų֣ȡԭĵطѪȣ󣬶ǽһ㡣
ѪȵԴؾ
ؾ棬Ŀµˡ
ؾ͵ʲôϵΪʲôһ壬ڵϡ
ؾΪʲô磬ԭ˽ء
Ѫ壬ΪʲôûУ
ɻһԶӿͷһֱ˺˵ܡ
ҡҡͷע
Ѫȣطûܻ׵أҲǲҴ⣬ΧͼΪˡ
Ų룬ҲǸоӦĵطѪ
Ѫгȳ֮ԽߣԽĻ谵ڳĺ͸⡣
~
˷ʱ𶯳ֻһ𣬻һĺ
ע⵽ѪŸĳΧģ࣬Ҳ淢ӴʵҪǿࡣ
ںڳĻΪЩµĳ
~
һƬƬӰͬư˶˸еͷƤ顣
ߡ
Ŀ΢䣬̫ٻУŷһѪڣȻƺһ̫޾Ĺâһ˲䣬ͽΧӰƾɨɢЩµĳڿֲĻгƬƬȥΪɻҡ
Ȼĳʵһ֮䣬ǼΪֲطҲᱻ˲̳Գɰ׹ǣڷֺȴǲһ
Щûʲôǣֻıܣͬ鱻ɱҲûɶ˻ӿٱ˲ٻ
֪˶ãΧʧҰΧڣҲһֻ
ѪѪеĳɨһգʹɽҲ࣬ɭֲ

ûиоɽκΣգЩ죬ϸĻҲȻˡ
ѪȵΣգһЩЩΣյĽء
ЩڷǰһǱ˵Ļͱ̳Ըɾˡ
̫ٻǵɱǳ󣬼ϷʵǿʹѪڷǰԵЩʵ
Ҫģ塣
ǰȥ룬ӵϣԵɽϣһ㸡ֳͶ뷽ڡ
ӦģϣҲһͼ𣬱
Ȼ÷еǣӡۣѪȵѪ⣬ͻȻҲǷı仯
ɽȵΪģ
ͬʱǿ׵ϢҲȥ÷Ǹеһļ£ûκΣյľҲ÷ûвȡж
ۣԼѪɵĽš
һͶ뷽ڣһʱɽȵ룬ҲǺȻ߿ͬɫʯľ塣
ĿȥܿӰھζš
ǣ֮Ѫһо߿龧֮ϵ̾ͱ˳Ǿ֮Ѫ
Сڵ֮ѪűʵѪԴ˵
û뵽ﾹȻ֮Ѫ棬ô꣬Ȼûɢ
𾪡
ϵ壬Ϊһ壬׵Ļ磬ûκ
ԭΪѪȵӦҲһû뵽ȴˡ
÷е˼顣
Ͼͽڲһ˲֪ꡣ
ӦѪһѪҺһǰĺɫ壬
ѪҪһѪҺǿĶ࣬Ǿڡ
ǾѪĻҲܹͣҲ׹ѪЩպ󣬲Ž˵ر˽ء
һУѪʱԶ˹Ͷ˷ڣ뵽ϡ
̺ǿ˿ûӰ쵽
ߵξѪĻָٶҲܼӿ첻١Ϊ֮ܣһ㣬ĪջˣʲôҪ
ߵξѪУΧӰӿ֮һ
ģѪҲǻű仯
ѪǰѪҺΪĵرȻͬȻͬһԴҲҪн֮תȡ
߸أҲջ񣬾ٺòˡ
Ѫȵļջ÷Ϊڴ
˼ˣҲʱȥѩˡ

Ͻȥѩ磬ֹ̺ôһطǡãħ֮һֱͨѩĿռѷ졣
ڿռѷ츽ģһǡ
뿪ѪȺ󣬷ܿͽǳأŽ뺮ѩİ취
Ҫ뺮ѩ磬ûôס
Ӻѩ絽Ͻ磬ûʲôƣǷͲһˣʲô˶ܽ뺮ѩġ
ڣǱһֺͨͳûٵһúѩণڽ뺮ѩ̲ͨ鼫Ϊܡ
İףûаܣͨռѷ졣
ǣӲȥ
ܿų뷨˼ߴϣı¶Լ
ϼ˵ΪвŵİΣǺѩҲŪôĶ
Ҫ취ȥ
ڳǳתһ⡣
ϽҪȥѩ磬ȻףǺѩҪȥͼ򵥶ˡ
񣬾ռѷʧûм죬ܿ죬ҪʱʧȥϵǳУҲǻһЩѩš
أƷҲʮ
ԺѩˣȻôܡ
ܿ죬ѡһš
δݾߣûоԷֻ֮ǰ뿪˳ǳأǰռѷ촦
ûãֻҲ̤˻ع֮á
ͻȻ
䡣
һԶ
˭
ŵ˶ʱ󾪣һʱڳ˷̬ͬʱʮ˳˸ɭ֡
Ƭ̺
ʮȫء
ûʲô£һʯͷɽϹӦҰ·һλɡ
Ǿͺáŵûзϻ·
Ƕ֮Ȼϣû鷢źãϣ⣬ǾͲ׷ˡ
ſռѷ죬ŵЩͣҲû˵Ȥ
˭û뵽֪䣬ĻУѾһˡ


1396 
վס
ռѷ촦ֻع麮ѩűͣ
У΢΢̧ͷפ
뺮ѩĿռѷ춼Ҫأرأǣǰƺ̫ˡ
üͷ΢塣
פڿռѷ֧Ҳ켶ǿߣ֮࣬ڰˣȷ˽⵽кܴĳ롣
Ȼڽ뺮ѩĿռѷӣҲ̫ǿЩ
ϾѩЩϽ磬ûеսѩģرأֻԱˡ
Ϊߺͷǽĳû٣Ϊңв²⣬ȴǲɫվһĬݺԼĽɫ
֣ĺš
ʱŵ϶ЦݣҪȥ׽Ȼûͱֹˡ
~
һλµĺѩĿ䣬еĳʣָ¡
˺ǰһ
ȫˡ
û뵽״˵ѩĿռѷ˶ǳϸ񣬿ĺŵʵۺںѩҲżӰҲһˣȴ״Ĵ
Ҳʶ£ǳפڴ˵صͳ죬Ǻ˵Цֵܡ
û뵽Է顣
ˡ
ŵĻɫ䣬æΧסĮ£ȴĿ룬ûжֵĵ
´ģǺѩϻȨ
ҪսȨĺŵǿʮҲᱻΪƽء
֡
ɫ԰ףԿ϶ֻҪԼǰһĸɱˡ
ˣҪܻȥʵ
š
֣Ҳûĺŵˣһפص˹Ǵһԡ
ô£
Ϊʲôǻȥ
ۿֻһ㣬ܻصѩ磬ĺŵȻĵĲ
طüͷ
ĺź¶ŵʱע⵽һĿϣֻҪһзľٶͻᶯ֡
һλط
ط򣿡ίʵǳԤϣҲ޷⡣
磬طһǵݣ飬ʹռѷֵʱޡ
ף϶Ƿʲô£úѩԿռѷӳ̶ȼ
µķ飬Ǻܺõ֤
ʲô潻飬£ûá
侲ΪλطܿԼαװֻҪûб¶Ͳüǿдء
м̶ֻӵҲһԡ
ռѷʧûжã˻عȻӣʹļΪ֡
µ˵ǿƺͲ棬󲿷˶ʶķôļȥҲò
ʲôÿҪϻȥ
һͷһͱ
£ôĵӣҲңЦ߸߰ͷмŲһȥҵԲ˶ߡ

ɫ΢䣬ĸǺѩһλطλȨأҪʰôһСͳ죬ֻһ仰
Ҳɣ޷á
빫µǰһɫѿ
~
һߣԵͶȻʧ̼͵ǰһƳ¡
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طʹ󺧡
˶ʧɫ漴ͿһĿ˳
ǰҲҷ
ȴһƢУǵѪûĦ
곹ɵסˡ
û뵽ﾹȻһλطĦʵ˿ҹϵӡ
ҲΪĦûеһʱ棬˸ڣѵ͡
ûһۣĦɨڸȴˡ
ΪĳЩԵʣҪһԺͷǲܻȥĦ
ҲҪ
˶סˡ
ռѷ촦һλطǼΪˣְطǴδ֮
ѩϣҲֻоλطɱ˺󣬻ˣÿһ˶ǵ綼Ҫĳ
û˸κ
Щ˵Ħȴû˸Ҳӡ
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ĦˣĪǷ˴£Сѯʡ
ĦȴǸûᣬһ͵ȤûǷֱӻصԭ



1397 
Ħ˵ûֻܱ˽ﰵԲ²⣬׷ʲô£úѩô󶯾
²ֹħߣͨѩĿռѷ촦аطء
üͷ塣
ܵľȻıһˣڼ𲻸ߣڰطǰûаĿܣʱݱ¶Ȼɱѩ磬ȴҲӭѩͨ׷ɱ
ǿǺѩ磬ԷϳЩϽܱȵġ
ҿռѷ켴ʧʱ򣬷Ҫ뿪첻Ǳ˺ѩ磬ƸӲ
ȵݱ¶ھͶ֡Ŀ
ļƻû⡣
ǳ˱ʣϢĻѩˡ
Ȼ⣬Ͳִԭƻ
ĦϲǿдأѩҲ޷϶ص˾ȻĿԼ󣬵ֻҪѩ޷϶ͲὫȫ׷ɱϡ
ҲǺýϳɱȥȴҪõĶࡣ
ȡᡣ
ڷֵʱͻȻһ
ţͬ⡣
˭֪ʲôʱѵһֱǾ͵
ˣռѷܿҪʧˡ
һֻոյ̶ӣ֪ܻȥ󣬶ʱը˹ʮֺģʮּ
˵ûǻزȥĻʧʹˡһ̶ӵ˵ĻҲǴ˵
ȻĦ˵ܿͻ
֪ʲôʱ򣬼ʹûҲʲô˵£ѵ˸ȥ
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ұϵˣǸûǻȥġ̶֧УһͷĺӴ
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ΧһӱĻԽԽˣʼţĦ˸û׼ǻȥ
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ĺߣҲǼתԭҪֵķȴ侲Թⳡ־硣
뵽ܻȥĺûס
ۿžЩʧأµ˶ٴС
ˣ½ŵĿĦ
µ̶֧ӣȫɱˡĦһ˿ŭ⡣
֪£Ƕơ
ǡ
³ʣʮ£ԥɱӵˡ
Ҷǲ·ƴˡ
Ӹźӭ£̶֧ӵҲ׷ԼĶ֣˶Ԥϵǣ̶֧ӵʵȻǿ
˵ʵ죬ӸǱ»Ҫǿ
ϵƣռϷ磬µǱ׷׹Ҳʡ
ǿ⣬Χæܡ
̶֧Ӵðģ˶ĿɿڴҲ죬̶ںѩ綼ָģǰЩˣȫİס
Ҿ֪йĦЦ
Ȼ֣ݺύɢֲƣݺѹ˺ӵˡ
һ֮֮ϣѹĺӵ˴
ط
Щ̶Ӽ״Ҳһ侲
˶Ϊµĺӵû֮ʱͻȻ䣬Ħһ̶֧УȻһˡ
ͻȻˣȭĦ
~
ɲǼ䣬޴ĺ쳹˵һȭ·ضˣֲ˺˿ռ䣬ǰһУһȭĦ
ǽ磬
Ħ¶˾֮ɫ
ԷǺεȵĿ¡
һȭӳһͼƵɽķ飬ʯ׹䣬ؿѣҽðͬһ㣬Ӷõ˱ķţؾ硣
ط£ܵС
Ħʧɫû뵽ǽıԷʵԭ֮ϣο͵Ϯ
æ˹ӵ˵ݺᣬɱ˱
һıѾãһǲִٱС
֮䣬ʵϵĲࡣ
Զ
~
Ħڵ׷ɳȥѪǱ޴һ㣬ȥһ飬ʧȥ֪
ˡĦһƬȻ
µȫˡ
ԭΪǴĿ꣬ͻȻ仯ͻǴֲǸģ֣Ħ˲ˣοǡ
ˡӴϲЩô죿
ֳķżͰԵȴʮ־ݣ޷澹Ȼ̺˿ֲ
ǣϾҪˣ²˳١üȴǺܿ˾
ⲻǼϢ
ȻԼģϰطȴûκλᣬǰӶӲˡ
ҪߣҪ졣
ûԥĦɱתͽ˿ռѷ졣
Ҳ¼뿪
ûһ뺮ѩ磬Ͼ˶ĿҲױѩҵǵ񣬾ڿռѷң͵ϮĻᣬȻɣȻµ
ĦˣµҲҵ˼㡣
ûᣬǽռѷȥĺŵ˴ϲæ˿ռѷ졣
ĺŵĶ˶ʱ
ľվһԣָ˶ȴûֹ
ֹŻع飬ѾûʲôˣٱѾͨ˺ѩ硣
Ҳǵ
֮ǰֹðһĦ֪滹ûˣĦˣҪǱǳǾ·һ
ĺ棬һͬ˿ռѷ죬˺ѩ硣



1398 ס
뺮ѩ󣬷ĵһоǣ䡣
ѩƮ·ԶûоͷܰããһƬڰѩ֮С
һѩ硣
һ˽뺮ѩ磬ӦˣҲֻһֱסڴ˵ˣԼʵ߳ǿߣӦּ˻
ԷʵӦ㻷Ȼڻ¡
Ȼ̤뺮ѩһ̣ȴǻһؼ䣬ǵĺ͸޿ײ룬ƺҪ
ôûͲӦˣһ£һĻʱЦȴûκ״
صѩ磬ϵѹʧҲ鿪Ц
ҡҡͷû˵
̫ٻһůţܿ죬ǳǵĺʧ
üͷ΢΢
Բ
Ǻεʵط۷壬طʶǲԶ壬ܣȫ˵ʹûκη¶ȱȺѩʮδ򺮲ǾԲ͸
һʵԶԶͨûʲô״ƫƫȴоĺ⡣
ѩ⡣
Ȼо˲ףȴҲ
ȵת̫ٻֺȻʧ˻Ǵ
ˣ뿪ɡܣ
ϾαװĻˣ˵Ķ࣬¶ĿҲԽ
˸ڣ뿪ĺţת۾ͻһˣϢ뿪
ڴҵʱûжע⵽
ĺŵˣºȻЩ֣һСȥҲûӣҲͲ֮
뿪ûãȻиУͷȥֻһ¿նٵռѷ촦

ңļ죬ôһҪ߾ûôˣҽӭѩĴ׷ɱ
ڣû֪ԼҲ˺ѩ磬ֻĿⶢڱϡ
ǽı
΢΢һЦһͣ٣Ȼһȥ
˶ûвĦֵʱ򣬷һӡǣ˽ռѷʱּ̣ȻһӡǺܿͻɢ㹻ȷϱȥˡ
ѩУһСӰ磬ѩӹû˿ۼ
ͻȻ
ӰȻסĿ΢ǰһõסȥ·
˭ɲ
ǻĦĺѩ磬һ̶ߣרƧĵطߣһ·û˿ۼΪûбκ˷֣סȥ·Ŀ󺺣ǶϤȥ򣬲ǰء
󺺣ȻǱúķ
ռѷԶҪĻûġûлش⣬ԹԵĵ
ȻɫȴǴ䡣
Ǽɵڷַһ̣Ͷˡ
ңѩڵ׷ʲô£ߣŪ㶯ѡһ΢Цڱȴͬħ
ڶԺѩڷ£Խĺ
ѩɳطռѷ죬ѾǼΪˣû뵽ǣ뷽跨Ľ˺ѩ硣
ڱ˵ѩ̶ѨҪСĽο
ڷǽ綼ǲģðΣնҪѩ磬Ȼ˲õ鷢ˡ
ҵʱޣѡ񡣡
ɫһ䣬ͷȥƺȨ⡣
Ƭ̺
ҵѡǡɱ㡣һֳ֣ǿҵɱӱϱһ˲ɼ嵽˷ǰһȭ
~
һȭΧıѩԭΪ촷ۣر˺ѿƮѩȭ絴˸߿ա
ţԼȫǿһȭ£ûܵ
ڽ˷󣬻ԣ뿪
Ȼӷûпκλңֻеĳ
Ա⾪˵һȭһָɫɲǼ䣬Χһпʼ˱ʮĹͬµĻѩѸڡ
ָ˱Ķͷ߱ŻȭƣһȭȴҲӲȥ
УѩٶƮ¶Ѹ½ȻѩȴӲĳһ
Ŀ־壬︡һҶ
һֱֻҪָ΢ǰôһ㣬ܶԼԴ
ԣҶ
ͬһָʱһָɱ˺ڣһָס˱˺ǿı
ķǰ˺ͱǿ壬һġ
ڣôѡ
ҡ˵
ûȻҲ⣬ҲˣǺѩˣûҪȻˣҲûƴıҪ
뿪˵ͷץס˱˲뿪˴˵ء
˵սȻǳݣǱһȭĶʵ̫󣬿ѾǱߵ˾
Ȼͱ뿪ûã͸˹Դ˵Ϊģʼ



1399 
˵ɡ
һƫƧѩȣű
ǣǰʶʵԶԶ󣬱Ҳʵеİ
ţ˼·
ѩȷʵǷһǰδеĴ£յϢգѩߴͬʱ䣬ڿգգΣյǺŹϣԲڶĿݴţֵӰ
Ƿǽ簲ںѩ֣һ˾ǺԶʱһ쳹ء
˵ںѩĴ£Ҳ𾪡
ؾ磬ûз飬ؾҲδ״
ʲô˵УΪǴѵףʾҲΪǺＴõ˽ɨؾ磬޵С
ӵϢǶΪǼпܸıĿǰֵĴ¡
ȻϣʱȣǷǽߣֻһ˵Ū
ûôԼ֪ģԼǽͼ˵˳
Ȼ϶вʵ֮
ǹǷǽİţδؾֻбһˣбطǿİطһλҲδ֪ȴǲȤ
עģǷںѩߴص䣬һϣӦûѡ
ѹֺѩռѷ죬˽롣Ȼ
ԼĻԼҵĵ̷Ĵ£Ҳ᲻ϧһеķռѷ죬ųһвأ㾡ȫŪߴص䵽Ǽ
ռѷ켴ʧʱҲû뺮ѩ磬ڿռѷ³ǰܰעߴϣõ˸š
׻Ǽױƻ
ߴص䣬һѣѩҪȫѹʱµľ˵ңӭңףǸӲ˲֣
ںѩʵˣϲǰɡ
ǵǣǰδУ׼Ѳ⣬ϲǣʱ䣬ǡǿռѷ켴ʧʱų󲿷ţԺѩ
ͷ죬

ͷ΢Ǳ䣬δػʲô
ң䷢ľʱ䡣ȵ
ҵʱ֡
ȻʱҽѪȣȡѪеļ¶ԽԽǿңѾкܴİտ϶ѩߴط䣬йء
ǣΪʲôħıʣѩı仯
ѵ˵ںѩǺ־д棬ΪԼȡѪӦˣӶ䣿
Ľػ˵ΣյǺԿ϶Ȼйء
Ҳ˾ģһҪȥǺ˵ܽ¶ؾҲδ֪
Ǻ֪٣űʵ
⡭ǰˡ֪ķǳޡЦأ̫Σˡ
ͬ
ÿһأζ
ѪóĽѵûȫİգû˻ȥ̽أװ׶
ο⻹ǺѩߴУΣյһ
˵ؾڵأûһܳңǽߺΣյĽأҲֻǺǺƽ
ʵģǷǽΣյĽأܻشһǺѩǺһ֪
ϾǲԽѩ磬̽Ǻǲܵ顣
ʵϣν뺮ѩ磬һĿģ뷽跨ŪǺ鱨Լܼ£̽
ǽΣյĽأطʽ룬ҲķգǺӦͬһ𡣡
طʶ䣿
Ŀ΢ǺĿ³̶ȣ
ǰӦòǺѩ˰ɣκѩ䣬Ƿǽ磬ߺ磬ӦҲɳֽ뺮ѩ硣
λĸ뺮ѩ翪սԹ˲ϾҲô׾Ǳ
һǷǽ˻ϣȻߺˣǰʵͨ죬һ𣿡
ͻȻ
ͬʱҲĹ۲ŷ仯
˵ʵЩɣǰĿ󺺾ǷϾ֮⣬ͻȻðһطĿ̫ˡ
òʹõ֪ķȻͬ
ҲαװļȻɣҲǺܼᶨ
ңһж
ǴʯͷĳƵģȻˣҲпܴڣΪ֪İط
ͱԣںߡ
ȻǰĿǲǷԱ˵޹ؽҪ
ҪǣǺѩˣǾʹںĻпܳΪǵһܽ£ǴһΣմĺѩУȫҲֱϡ
Ǻűú߲л̿֡
Ҳ֪ԼǶǴɱĿ´ڣһã
ñ˿ǣûж֡
һῼǵġûи϶Ĵ𰸣Ļشģɣһǵϵʽͨˣϵǡ
ǡЩźȴҲǿ
ϵʽ󣬿ûʱ˼͸뿪ˡ
ǽ硢ߺ
Ŀű飬δزУϾҶڵ˵ϳŹͬĵˡ
Ҳбס
ôڣǿ󣬷Ͳǹ¼ҹһԼжҪ࣬Ҳһ𿹺⺮ѩ׷ɱ
ȻҲ١
˶ĿҲ󣬱ѩҵļʴҲĳηǽߺɳ֣ӦòǺܶࡣ
Ȼںͺѩ籬սĹϵǱĸס
ǽߺ翼ǵʱ̫ˣռѷ켴ʧĴӦԥûȷе鱨֮ǰܹͶһɳֽ뺮ѩ磬Ͼϡ
ˣʹͷǽ硢ߺ֣ʵҲ϶Զѩ硣
磬Ӧûɳط
ĻݲסΪѩҵļʴݱ¶󣬷ҲΪѩ׷ɱҪĿꡣ
һ㣬ӹɵģϾѩλطڷ
ҲбףһǺ¡
÷ǵģǷǽߺǺһ֪
ؼġ
ͬص䣬ǺΪڹעĿ꣬˵أ뵽ѣǺ뵽
νţǳǺ䡣
֪ǺȻΪ̽ص㡣
ǿطʶпĽأһ֪Ĵȥðķվ̫ˡ
ȻбĵƣҲ˷ѵ
Ǻ鱨Ҫ
ûⷽ鱨ǽߺ̽ȻԶԶںѩ磬һҪСıܿѩ
Ҳǲԣ֮ǰҪȥһˡ°ͣ૵



1400 ƺ
ؼ䣬һ޴ıƣ⡣
Ǳ
ѩĵӴ֮Զؾڵκһ綼ҪӴ˹ĵ򣬱ֳһǧĵһ
˵أǺѩͳġ
ѩʣطԼطסڱŸۡ
ոԵݺ͵λǵľҲǴвͬ
λ룬ƣΧıҪ߳һأ·Ǹ߸ϵľųıǺѩʵס
֮⣬ŵһűȻѩڵıҪһأıȻҪ߳࣬ͬǹһ㣬סˣ϶Ǻѩİط
طסı֮⣬һ岼ڵΡ
סЩϵģȻǺѩط
ԶԣǵҲġ
ͬΪط˴˼ĵλҲи֣֮һ㣬ӱڵλþܿԽı˵ĵλҲԽߣԽܺѩʵӺΣ֮Ȼ
ɫ𽥻谵
λڵαԵһϣһӰ
ˡ
ˡ
ڱϵĹڣ߳һЩʹӣŵӰ
°ɡ
ƺɫü䣬ƺĪ£ʹӺ߽鷿
ţš
صƺ׼ߵԣͻȻʶʲôת鷿УΨһ
ﲻ֪ʱȻһӣ΢΢¶һЦݡ
㡭
ƺ˲һ亹
û뵽Լ鷿оȻһˣңЩʹӣԼȫûʶһ㡣
Էе⣬
ôܣƺţȻأĸ֪ЩҲܴ⵽Է鷿ڣûеһʱ䷢
֪ٴα亹
ΨһƺеҵǣԷӦûɱ⣬Լˡ
΢΢˿ʱƺ˼ͻȻԼ鷿İˡ

һƺŵĵľ
İȻǷûбòʵĿֵƺϾ˳
־ֻš
Ǻεһʹؾ磬ķɷˣĺպ
ˣǱֻҪһʾϾͻᱻΧ¶ᵽƺô˵ȴκ춯
Ȼǵ죬Īķա
ǣЩ˸֮ǰȴɱ
侲ˡƺɫòհеĿ־壬΢΢һЦ˵ҿ㡣

һƺȫ侲ˡ
Ͷ㣿ƺ鸴ӣ˶ֵҲԣͶҲ˵ҡ
ѣǺѩ߲㶼֪顣
ǣΪʲôᷴѣͷʲôϵ࣬ȴʧ֪顣
ͶңΪңҪ𡣡ƺôأ
ĳޣ𣿡
ƺɣһ£ҲãУյجӿͷ
ľ࣬Աѩɱ磬ͬ˵ӹһ١
գǻĳޣս˺ѩ磬һԼȴŻᡣ
ڳ˵ĴӪƽ϶ǼΪСģᱩ¶ҲڻԵɺ£֪ƺܡ
𣿡ƺ
û˵
ƺһͶ·£ֻͶϡ
˵ƺԼĳޡ
ǶѩжôĿ¡
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ңʱҲܳ嵭һС
ڵǣгڣδػǰϧһУͬھҪ
ôƬ̺ƺʵϣԸܼķΧڣ跽һЩҪ׵ĵ޷
ҪǺһϡҲʧ
˵Ŀġ
Ҫ۶Ǻ˽֮࣬ȻǺѩĪ
ƺΪǺѩӶλߣطʵ͵λܽӴһЩϵġ
ǺԭҲǳġƺȻȷʵߴȻΣգҲżĻѩҲûֹͣǵ̽
ҿԡ
룬ƺӦԴߴص֮ⷽϾͳŻ⣬ҪȡһݣҲ̫ۡ



1401 
֮󣬷ʱƺĸۡ
Ϊ˲Ե̫⣬ƺûҹȥȡǾȥ
㲻ҳ㣿
ֻҪѩʸ淢ºȻҲһЩ鷳ᱻ˻ҺĹϵͿ϶Զʤڹ´ࡣ
ǰƺ̲סɻѯʵ
΢΢һЦҼȻͲ淢ʹѩ㳲кξ塣
⻰˵ĺƽǻȴˡ
Ǳ˵Ĵ󻰣ֻЦ󷽣Ƿһ
ؾһγʱȷʵۡ
Ȼ̶ʮ꣬ڶγֺ󣬾磬ѩλط
Ϊֹǿ纮ѩ磬Ҳûа취
˾춯شµˣ˵ĻȻȻŷ
֪Ϊʲôᷴˡƺһ˳ȥ
վڴǰƺǰıӰʧ
Ǻѩϳ
ǰһĿɨһж۵ס
Σյĵطȫĵط
˼άä㡣
ѩʵ˿ζ벻ǵϳ棬ǶǲԶ
Է˵Ҫ֪Ǳû̫Ѷȡ
ҪΪĵĵطȻܣƺ㣬ԵطǵסҪǱ룬ȴǺɡ
طĵ̣ǰطĵ̡ĬĬű
ǼΪ˵ġ
ȻȻÿһϣŹǲǶס
ʵϣ󲿷ֱǿյġ
򣬺ѩʵҲ̫ˣɺɨؾ硣
ܲǾԵȷǶںѩʵҲһŵӡ
ƺĺܿ졣
ȴǿ˫ֻģһ˳ȥûõҪϡ
Բ𣬳һЩ⡣ƺڷǰ
ô£ʵ
ϵǸطܾҵҪ˵ǺѩʵƺΪߴص䣬ʹùߴصϱҪҲкѩʵȡ
ǡ
ƺɫ΢֪ǶԵġ
ռѷ촦ıʣƺѾ֪ǷһĿռѷ촦һ⣬зǽߺǿߴ룬гɹҲʧܵġ
£ѩʿ϶ϣ˽ṩǽߺˡ
ֻкѩεˣŲޣƺȻڴС
֮⣬һһЩϢ
ڣѩʽ֣֯Ǻ̽
˵ƺɫ
ԴѺ󣬺ѩʾͲǡ
е㵣ģЩǺѩطΪ̽Ǻڻҡ
ѩʶƺ˵γ̶ȣͲǺܸߣֳ飬̬ȿ֪
ȿ̽ǺֿԳ䵱ڻҿ·
ֶΪ
쵰ʣͱҲ塣ƺݺݵƵжԺѩĳޣһԶȫ˳ˣҸߡ
ȷЦЦ
ƺ侲֪Լǳ嶯ˣڿռѷգںѩڣҪ¶Ļ²ʲô³
ѵֻȥڻңƺзꡣ
ҪţڻұϾĲ²⣬ȻԺѩʵ˽⣬´ΪλߣѩҲ̫̫ܰԣẮ˱˵ġ
ǵڻңҲȫеϣʱ϶ǣڷֻǲϣй¶ߺͷǽˡ
ʱһ취ȥ
һ뷨˵ǵ쵽˼㡣
ƺŵĿŷ㻳Լǲǲ˴˻
˵£Ǳסĵط˵Ĺȥ̽Ǻǿںѩʵ˵Ƥӵ°׵ķ֮١

ƺ̲סĶзڣİȫܵõıϡ
㣬ôȥ
㿴ҡûлش𣬶ָָԼ
ƺ𾪵ĿУò˱仯ܿ죬һƺԼǰվƵġ
˵ǣ֪ǰǼٻƺȴˡ
ףôϢǱĸۡ
ҵֱҲƣδĹȥҪȵ֪̽ǺľݣӦĸĶ
ƺ˿һڣ̾Ͳ˲֮ͬϤˣֱܷĳ
ëȻĸоһЩ
ľȻܵģʶһҲƺ˼ģҲͬ˷ļƻ
ܷ뷨
ҲҪ̽Ǻôõİ취
Ǻ̫Σգطʶ䣬ҲȻбֶΣǽؾ󣬷һǿҵΣС
ֶΣҪؼĵط
Ȼ޷õǺϣǼƻҪӦĸı䣬ǽ硢ߺһжûжˡ



1402 ֻת
һº󣬺ѩʽ֣֯̽Ǻ
ƺĸۡУȫϢֻҪԸ⣬ûֵܷˡ
ƺӵ뿪ʹһϢ
һ£ʱȷʵܽš
Ϊһοռѷ쿪һռѷ죬໹һʱ䡣ƺ͵ռѷĿʱ䣬һĲԺѩ˵ҪȷĿʱ䣬Ҳʲô¡
һοռѷ쿪󣬷ǽߺ϶Ѿ˾ʱ򣬾ļ临ӣųȫֵԺѩǣϣһڣŪߴĸԴǺм
磬в˻˽ҪΧǵĻһµĻ嶼С
΢΢ͷ
ߺͷǽ磬һζõޣΪִ̫٣ܶ˶Ĵԥһοռѷ쿪һĻڣ¶ˡ
ܰѷǽߺˣȫҵɱȵ
ѩǹޱȣҪҵضһСˣûôס
ܣǽǺɨɾųЩ˵ĸţġƺԥˣԶѩ磬طֻλһǷڣһǷڣطҲֻжʮˡ
ʵȷʵͺѩûñȡ
̫ǿߺͷǽ粻ɳϾյ鱨̫٣Ҳ̫Σա
Һãⲻ磬ûн
ؾڵ綼һ֮ĻԽƿس̶ȣ׾پҵǱߣ֮ɱ
˵ĴڣǺбҪģؼʱ̣ѩʵ˵ע⣬ұ¶ķա룬Ȼ֧Ԯǡ
ǣƺɴ۾
Ҫ̫Ŀŵһ˵緽ʽ취һЩϢȥ֧ܶż졣侲
ˡƺ
񣬺ѩʲǣƺܵõ鱨Ҳޣһ㣬ڱ˸ĴҲżİ
ƺ뿪
ѩˣƶǺ΢΢Ц
ֻ֪Ǻ䣬νûаϵҼϡ
һ£ʱ䲻˷ˡ
Ѱ˼һ
ƺȥˣһ壬ںѩȫΧ£ǻʲô³˵
ܰѻǺϣȫϡ
Ǻ棬Ӧ壬䣬ԼŵģӦñѪӵľˣǷȥɡ
ؼǣôѩˣ˳µĻȥ
ľĵȼ̫ͣʹ˺ѩʣֻҪһλطڣͻῴԼң̽淨طҲкܴĿܿľαװš
Ϊѩһط෴пֵܳģֹһλط
Ͼѩ粻ƺ˰װĺ޼ֵҪҲҪڻʹá
Ҫȥطȫܡ
ľǲٽˣڵĵȽףѾļޣε𽥼ʧòʧױ֣ʱҲ
ǡֻأ
۾΢
չصǼ꣬Ҫľطֻ淨ϡ
ǰߣ۳һȫµơ
ߣȻɬѶŷĦҲ𽥵
ֻصĵһ㣬ǹֻ硣
ڶ㣬ǿʼֻĳá
пٳĲ˼磬ӵ֮򷨲⣬Ҳˣһ
Ǿǣֻת
ÿһ淨һϵط󣬸ոµۣ淨֪У޴ڵıԴ֮
ͬģֻҲһ淨Ҳһȫµۡ
ֻص֪УҪȷһ˵Ĵڣ緽ʲôֶΣ۾̽飬ǸصȵȣȫҪͨһС
淨Щߣ֮Ϊ֮ߣζţϵ
ֻҪһ֮ڷϣԣʵŵģ֮൱ڣûκһֶܽҳ
ÿһ˵һϣʹԴӡÿ˶ڲͬŶһ޶ӡ
ֻҪţôԼô̥ǣǽ嶼ˣ궼ˣֱԴӡҲǲᷢκθı䡣
޵ܣ峹׵ķ鿪ܣȻǣһˡ
ϣָ淨淨һЩֱӴԴӡ
ط£һαװû塣
ľıʵܴǳԶԶ漰ԴӡֻҪʵﵽˣûӦ淨淨һϳ
ֻתȴǱȱľ֪֮Ҫǿٱ
൱ڣͶֻ磬ӸԴϽиı䣬ָıǸı˱Դӡĳ˵ǳ׵ֻתһˡ
ԴӡһģĴ֮ߣ͵ǽӴһȫµˡ
֮ͨ߷ȥģȻİϢ
˵ʩչֻת󣬷Ȼվòţʵȶûб仯
ڱ˵ѾΪһˡ
ֻתΪĵط
ֻܽתɣѩˣȫǲѴ֮ѩʶϳǰ˾Ƿ
ϧֻת̫ɬҲ˴µ磬ҪɣҪȵֻصڶԲһ²̫ࡣҡҡͷ
ҲҪֻתɡ
ֻתһɣ˵Ǻѩˣʹʮطۣʥδϳҡ
ֻҪѩ˾ˡ
ҪһͣͲǲܡ
ֻصڶݣ̫ɬĵطòˣڱľĻϣһЩ΢ȴûôѡ
ʼչء
ȫֻصϡ
ˣϢѾȥˡ
ǽߺˣٱĸƮͻΧúѩʴ
ǺѾա
ٹ죬Ǻ̽ͻῪʼ

ƺ֪ڱչأҲҴţֻÿ춼һˣҪϢ㱨һ䡣
ȻǶ粢һ֪ƺĻ
졣
ڣ̧ͷкڰ׹â֯һ䣬ӳһ޵磬ҲƮ죬ƺʱš
ľĹâӷӿ
òŸı䣬ŵʱţľĹâУԼһʵĹ󣬷ģЩϸ΢ı仯ȴû䡣



1403 ǰǺ
Ӧòˡ
ͣ¶֮ɫ
һڽֻתһЩǳԭڱľϣ켶ĵرΪǳɹĽ˵
ϸ΢ȴܱʵĵ
𣬱ľԷò仯Ҫԭ߳һأѱ
طӦÿʹ淨淨
ǣطʵĻδȥ
ططʣȴûаգҲȥ֤
ڱľĵȽףҲڷֻת⣬һʱ䣬ܷ׵ĸı䡣
ʱ䣬תۼ
ƺӸۡ߳һǰһ
ˣζǺ̽Щطܴϼ£̫࣬ҲҪʵˣίˣʱ䵱ҵĻ졣ƺЩֵ̿˵
ףڿʼҾĻ죬ʱݴֺȥ֣һˡ
ûд¡
˶ˣԷԼƺֻһˡ
ʵڵģҲƺĻ죬ͻȻðһİˣɡ
˺Ľɫںˣƺ£뿪˱ƺĸ£ҳӹɡ
ȵĸϼϣȻȥǺ
ƺг̡
Ǻѩľ֮һǷ۷壬ھһ
ҲǺѩ֮⣬ѩǿߣȰڷµҪǿࡣ
ζǺ̽ԻΪףҲƺһ𣬽Ǻðա
Ҳ
ѩ粻ȫƺȥ̽Ǻǵʵ޷Ǻ̫߳Զ
סӵˡ
ڿն𣬷סıԺߵĵλӽѩʵı֮һ
ƺ
к

һ·ϣ˱طҲǱѡ̽ǺˣٶһЩ¡
˴Ķ࣬Ҳ˴١
ƺֻһ˵ģǷëǡ
󲿷ˣƺк漴һͬڵı
ǵĿڷɨž˻ȥ
һֻʵСɫûκιעȤ˭벻۵ĻȻؾķ
һԲƺ
Ȼڵ뻢Ѩվ֮Уȴûа仯ûκ״
ƺϣԼĻô侲
ŽסƺҲǱĽ
·ЩطģϾչʾεȻϲȻҲһ
ȻȴطܱȵģΪҪǣＫΪӽѩʵĹ
ѩʵĿ
ƺоϳܼ亹
ôƺ㿴ȥǳţһطЩɻ
ƺһæûʲôҪǺˣұȽϽš
ǺµĽء
ƺɣǿҲ˵Ĺȥ
ǺǡζĿƺһۣû˵
Ǻѩʵʵ߹ƺһ䣬ıƺȷˣЩεˣᱻڻҡ
һƺҲ侲˲٣ô
Ƭ̺ڻڵıϷ£Ѿۼ˲ˡ
Ŀ´վƺĿбӣȥ״ʵϣȻȫ
ֻҪһвԣͻ֣Ȼ취ӳȥ
ȸˣĲ
һߺһӣӹ˳
Ϊ׵ߣɢ֮Ϣ·һͷ˶ɵޣǺѩǿİط
ӣϵϢûлôǿ󣬵ȴһɢŲĺ⡣

ϳ˺ߣҲǺѩİطģңһҪݣǾǺѩ֮ӡ
˶𣿡ɨˣ
ն׼źû˴
λطһ⣬Ժѩ֮⣬ѩΡ
ߡɫһ
Υߣɱ⡣Цһ׹һ˷·𻯳˾ޣɢ˿ֲ׵ƣһֳȵ̫мɶ
䣬䡣
ԶıȻ鿪ˣ̫Ĺ»ҷڻ
ܿǰ棬ն׼źʯȻ顣
磬˿΢Ц
ٺ٣ֻϰˡ˵Ƿйأֻϧ޵ɫڲ֪һ磬ðͷϷһ֪ʲô̫֮
Цŵ˵ͷɨ
ζǺ̽Һͻ졣
¹ش󣬷̽;вˣȫɱ⣬𣿡
ĮĿһɨ˶Ǵ˸䡣
ҲõģÿһطǺѩĶǲԻٳǵĴζǺ̽Ҳ̫롣
ǽǵһˣȵʽЩ˵ϣҲǰ˲õİȫ
̽ĽΣǶ˴󹦣õĽ͡
һ˵ʩ˵Ȼƽ˲١
ѩʲڣ
Ŀһע⵽ؼĵط
˼ѩӦȥԸˣɱţ
ߺͷǽЩˣٳ޷ǽɱѩҲǽʧȥģ̽ǺĹؼʱ̱ţԳ֡
ôһ˿׶༪ˡ
ǰȥ󡣡
űһ£ǰȥ
ͻĿƣ߹ÿһˣԣվһ۾ӣ߹ˣȫŵĸо
ĿĴۣܿһαװƺɵý
ġƺҪ¶š
֮ǰαװˣڣȴĲơ
Ȼͻǵģ˻Ч»ıˣͷҪȷһ顣
ֵƺƽ˹ȥ
ĿλطǺ޷Ӧ
һˣҲǰ߹
û⡣Ŀ۾Щƣ˵
û⡣Ҳǵ˵ͷ
Ǿͣɡ

Ĵ֮УһϣâһһӰ֡
ǿϢӿ˳ӰΧһС
ϾҪΣյĽأûܲţ˶й¶һЩʱΧ졣
ƺͷҲǳϡ
ˡ
ʱƺһɣ·Ƿоʯ
΢΢һЦ
ֻҪѩʲͺܰȫ
ʵϣҲϢĲԵɵģƺ⣬û֪˺ѩ硣
Ǻѩͷŵˣѩʲ뿪Ҳûпܻ
ǾǺ
ƽ󣬷ǰȥ



1404 
Ǻ
ĿȥֻڼԶǰڰĻأһȥͿͷҲĻ
ǾǡǺ죬̲סظһ䣬仰˼ȴȫͬΪδĸǶȿڰĻµ磬뺣ʲô
Ӧǰɡƺ͸ŲȷȻûнǺչҲţǰǺһ޼ʵĴ󺣣ڵĲһߴص䣬ʹǺҲ˱仯
Ҳֻˣܽˡ
ߴص䣬꼻һ֣һӦŽҲ˱仯
ԭǺҲ񱻺ڰֵ硣

͹ĺѩˣҲǺеľǵһµĽأ˶ǾԶ֮
ߡ
ټ֡
ͱӰڴУǰ߲мĺһ
ǹǺϣڽ֮ǰǶһ£Ҳ˵漴һâˡ
Ȼʸȡģȫططˣ򱻱ˡ
˶æ
ƺȻģϵݸʱҲұֵֻ̫࣬ܰ˼עڼǺϵľϡ
ڵÿˡ⡣
˶ǺˣطƤӵ£ҪϢȥҲܣǵǷĴ󵨵ģǺϹ
֮ǰ˵ʹҪƺ˵ڻңҲҪмֵǺ壬˱Ҫ鱨ǻģڱȽϹؼϣǿ϶Լš
ƺܿͿֽ꣬ݸ˷
Ҳǲҵ̽룬̲鿴ݡ
ԭǺôġ
ǺγɣĶ֮ԶѩԼϽκһأҲڲͬ
꣬ںѩ类ɵһ̣һž޴˺գֲֿľ󣬷·Ҫѩ綼Ƭ
գ׹˴֮У磬ͬʱԲʮڣҲΪµĽء
Ǻ֣ɴ˶
һοֲ׵ײȫı˺ѩĵòǿ׹Ĵ󺣣ԭǺѩ粻۵һ󣬿һشУ޾ĺˮ𣬳½أΧĴ½ϯΪ˺ѩĺ
֮ĺѩ磬˾䡣
ˣº󣬺ѩĻҲǷ˾޴ı仯𽥱ĺ䣬ƮѩϵĻѩò
ʱܱձıѩ硣
ԭĺѩ磬һѩ磬Ҳ֮󣬺ѩʽ֣ĳ㡣
һеĸԴǿŴǣԴǺ
Ǻ䣬ѩʲŻôӡ
ѩҲͼ̽Ǻ˲СĴۣ˴ǿߣȻṳ̂ǺҲûҵǿ׹ǡĬϡ
Ϊʧ̫أǺ̽ʹڰͣ͵״ֱ̬η䡣
ţѩǺ̽ϸԼյĽһЩ
䷢󣬺ѩҲɳĸ½ǺȻ̽ĲǶҲһ˽⣬ȫûͷ
ĻͳְɡĿɨˣ
طѾ꣬Ǵ£ȴֻмſЩȻڱĿǷΧ
ϣͲǰװˡ
˵ҲܻŴǺгϴ
˶Щܣǰľһɨա
ŴߴسõûУ˺һӣֻǺ̫ΣգҲûõˡ
ڿն𣬷Ǻ
طˣطʮˣȫ켶
ݣǿҲϣǺѩӽ֮һˣǺ̫ΣգѩȻܣһʼͽͶȥ
ںѩ磬вĺҲֻߴظŻˡƺ
糣Ĳ׳Ĵ󺣣ںѩȴѵһ
΢΢ͷ
ŲϽӽҲܿǺǺĺڰĻʵһĺɫš
֪ΪΣ뵽֮䣬Щ΢֮
ȥɡͱͣۿˡ
һطµһ˽ȥǵڶƺ棬Ҳǿ˷ָغͺѩĽޣ̤Ǻ
ȵ˶ȥ󣬱ͻһۣҲǷС
ţ
Ǻһ̣ͻȻһ¶ǿҺɫоԶ̤뺮ѩʱĪ⣬ҪϢ˷͸
̼䣬Ͼͳ˲ѩ˱



1405 ̫
һ⣬ע⵽ģԱߵƺ
ôˣ
ƺһ
˲֪ҲͰˣǺǺεģڵһʱ䱻סβŵĻɢ
ʲô
˶ע⵽ߵĶ׷ȫһ˳źڰĽţΪʲôΣǱǺ֮С
ܿ죬Ǿͷ֣Χûκ״
ţ
ĻͱĿһҲǳ˹ƺ
ģᱻ˿ơ
Ͼλط֮ǰûôעⷽҲͰˣҲûķȥ
ƺ֮ʱסķϣͻȻȼһɫ档
ţǸڷϵĲ㣬Ѹ߽⣬׵ı
û¡ո̫ţԳһ⡣
ԣ˶ʱȻ
һ켶Сˣһ̤ǺĽأš־Ҳʧ»⣬֮࣬Ҳǿġ
ҪҲΪȷʵûиоκε״Բûлɷ
ߵͱҲûй
û£ƺѯʡ
ҡҡͷ
Ȼϵ飬ȴǱ֮
֮⣬û˸оǿֲĺ⣬ͺ͸ս뺮ѩʱһ
ʵԶԶ緽ˣûκ״ƫƫȴо˳Ǻ⡣
ҲһսǺܵ˿ֲĹ⧲£ʹǿ緽ҲסһʱʧȥжȻƾ˾סȻԶ
һΣĸоЩ⣬ǳģڿֲУоǿҵĵ⡣
ΪĿ´ұۣɢĹ
˵Ǻڣȷʵ塣
ңӦҲǰδеǿҡ
⣬૵Ļһɻ󣬶Ǻõ𰸡
ССĲ󣬶ǰ
һָʱϸһգɢǿҵĹԣҫķȻ޷״͸ΧĺɫȴҲΧǧҫ˺֡
ͬʱ޴ڵĺɫҲ˿ǰ㣬糱ˮ㳯ȥ˿һǧ׺󣬲Żָԭ
˿
ȻЩɫûʲô򣬵ΧĶҲȷʵëȻ
ɫһˣ˷֣ȻǺ·΢΢Ĵ󺣡
˻һֱۣӿ̫һյɫ͵ƣȼһ˿档
һ˿棬̫ҫ۹ԡ
̫𡣡һ¶â
ǼΪֲĻ棬ɽ󺣽ڵ֮䣬ȫʢ״̬ĲֻһģͬǴ˵µĶ档
Ҫõ̫ѶҲǼ
ÿһ磬ϵǳȻ̫ͨûжܡ
ҲֻڴУ̫Ż߱µܡ
ĽǳҲȻҲֻڸ߼̫Упһ˿̫𣬴ǣ߼̫
Ҳǣпܰˡ
ؾڵڶ磬Ҳֻ磬ž̫߱
Ȼ̫𣬾ǻԴˣҲǿѹ˵÷ʶʶʲô̫֮
Ժѩļȷʵп̫𣬶ңڲ̫ǰ¡
ѩȼҪȲ˴߳١
ǴʱĲ˴磬һ˿̫𣬱Ȼٵ̫Ǻѩ̫Ҫǿ࣬ڱһ˿̫Ȼܴڡ
ѩ˺䣬ѩ⣬ҲлĹ֪͡
лĻͶ̫𡣡
Ŀһ
̫ȻĵرҲĪãԷǵˣҲûʲô
ھǴһ޷̫е̫ٻһ˿̫˵ܽ켶³Ϊǿĵر
Ȼ֪Լ˶ϣָˣʼ̽Ǻ
ǺѩĵһأΣճ̶ȲԶһСľͻĲףҲҿѩǺ̽ܿһЩΣա
ˣ·Ҳʮȫ켶
ǲǺе鹥ǱϴηɨͻأĶϳأ׷ɱ£ǧĺɫҲûл
ϣ֮һ˻ȥطҲһЩһλط
ǺĿ£ʹΣ



1406 ɱ
ԴǽǺһ磬ԭƬеҲ֮췭ظı仯ʼһǿ飬ԳΪں塣
ǺͱЩں壬ǶЩ༫ΪӣһȻᷢսǱնɱǽ˱ɱ˫֮䣬Ѫ𣬲ɻ⡣
Щں⣬ǵ׹䣬ֲǺڣôûɢγһΣվ׵
ţѩУǺݡ
ò˵ںѩ֮٣棬벻Ǻڵ˸ӡ
ǷУһݵͼţںֲĵص㣬Լλá
ЩǺѩġ
Ǻһ֪пһͷײֻߴںľۼ㣬Ӷ׷ɱ
ħѪȣʹͨͨĳ˿ֲĹѩǺ˺ں飬ǿ߾˵а۷ʵǺĻ뺮ѩ࿹⡣ɾ̾
Щ£óȻȥĻвطʡ
ΪˣǺŻΪѩĵһء
ţ
䣬ͻȻɫ΢Ȼǰһ룬ԭλϣһռѷϢĳ֣ͬ˶ɵޣΧһжʧ
ûá
ƺĨ˰亹Ϸ
˺ںۼ⣬ǺΣգЩϢֵɱˡ
ǿռѷ죬ηУҲһƻ桭
ѩƲ⣬ЩɱҲԴǣй¶һĹɳǺ
ط£֮ʹطСĵĻҲǷˡ
·Щˣ󲿷ֶЩɱ
⻹רѡˣɱֵƵٵĵط룬Ӳء
Ǻֻʮ﷽Բһͨ˶١
˵ٶȫеĻܴܿǺȻû˻ôΣķĵطٷУȫԼôĶֻ֪̽
һ˲ΪӪҲǰǧ﷽Բ
λ
˶ǿ
ӦöĿǰ̽ĵͼൽΪֹˣǰδ֪ΣգҪǰͱǰ̽·˭Ը£Ŀɨˡ
Ӧ
飬˭ȡ
˵ķӦֱӵҺһ̽·Դ£̽һͻɵڶˣȻľ
ʮط㵽ǽǵһ̽ߡ
ƺһʮ档
ʮ棬а˸ǱԵطԺѩ֮⣬ʣµˣҲôѩӡ
û˵ҷԣλطԵ³
֮ǰն׼źɱӺӡ
·̽һ
ݵϢٴ·һΣλطڣǱСĽ
ѩǺֻ̽Χ򣬼Ҳʮ֮һ
λһһ㵽ĹҺվ˳
İɣһˣһΣա
Լ϶ܰȫ
˷׷Ϊ
Һ£ɵǰû̫ҫΧɫ³ˡ
ߡ
Һ¹ʮˣǲΥսսǰȥ
һʮʮ
ûжΣգżȻһЩռѷηг֣ҲǾԶвҺˡ
İڣûжա˿
Ȼ䡣
ʮռѷ죬ͻȻϢڹҺԱ֣̼߳ͽҺڵʮɡ
һӹһصǿ߿־Ĵһתͷӣոתͱһηг롣
һ߶̫𣬲ͬʱֵĿռѷ̫࣬Һ˲䱻ɱԮǲ
ǵһط
ɱĸ߷ɫѿ
δ֪ΣյľЩϢɱ˭Ҳ֪ɱֵƵʸ߲ߡ
ǺɱҲԽԽࡣ
˵Ļطδӳʹӹһ٣ҲҪһĴۡ
·ȵ
˸ı˷򣬵ڶ㵽طľ˳
һֱ̽һûΣգŵط̽·Ҳ˳ɹٶǰһ
õķչ
Ȼû˷ĸ̽·طǽ䣬û߳ʮζǴһɱĸ߷
òƿƬ򣬵طҵ׼·ʱ
һ¡ͻȻڵĿɨˣ˷ϣĮ㣬ȥǰ̽·



1407 һƬ
㵽˷˶ɴ㵡
֮ǰָ֣ɱ棬û뵽Եѡطһ켶¡
˵Ŀⶼ֮ڷϣɻ󲻽⣬ƺ࣬ڻڵһֹ̣ͣϵѪɫ˲ʵһɶ
Ϊˡ
Ƿ򶨣ƺʮа˾Ż̲סˣʹûж֣Ҳᱻߣ˶ŷҲûȻûע⵽ƺʧ̬

ʱ¶ɫĿǰݡ
ƺǿѹеĲˣûֵ̽·
ȻƺҲǱʮط֮һŵıȽϿڻûֵͷ
ҵȻ֪
Ϊʲôѡˣʵ˷һۣȴûзκγ֮һͨǿߡ
Ǳʣһ
Сעܾˡ͵һ·ϣɱǿռѷ죬ηУһοռѷĽԶ⣬ĴΣյ˵ûĿܣӦˡ
ǣڻĺúõġ
һʼҲûע⵽ֱҲŷֵĵطƺΣշǳУǰһӦӶΣյĵط
ȻȻõ̽·ѡ
⻰һ˶¶֮ɫ
ǺκһطпܳɱڳֵƵʸߵͣǰ̽·˹ȻΣգŵˣҲһΣûС
ʱȺУҲһЩɱ
˵ȫע£лȫȴҪ࣬һ·˲࣬Сȫ켶
Ͼ켶ʵ㣬ɱʱȫûأһùϾˣطܿһԮֵʱ
Ψһһɱȴܻġ족ǺüΣȻע⵽
ԭˡƺЦ
ƽ
ᱩ¶Ҳ޿κΡ
ڰݵģ켶£ӲһɱǲŽй£˭ģ˷ֻѡܡ
ɱȻڳǰף޷Ƕ˵ġ
ֻأڴ֮߼ΪС
ɱô죬ҲʵĲֵʱҲᴥ֮ߣӶǰ㿪
û뵽ȴΪǷ츳
ƺı£Ȼɳ̽·Ǻξģ뿴ȥ𣿡Ц
˿ƺĿ⣬ҲĲƺоƵǾϲ⣬λطĿ
ĮΧ¶ȶֱ½漴һת֮ʣĹһأȥǰ̽·
һ䣬ǶԷ˵ġ
û˰ѷʹе츳ھԵʵ£ҪɱҲ˲Ϣ֮䡣
ƺɫ̱ޱѿ
ȴûб粵ֱӷ˶ǰ棬ƺҧҧȥ
֪ԼѾŭȫĵطڷߡ
õģҺˡ
ǰԷ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
ʵʱܹˣ̫⣬ʱûзֵ뷨
ʵϣ˭Ҳ뵽ǰ·÷ϷԸ
һǺ͸Ӧ壬Լģλãԭ˵̽δ֪Ϊ˶㿪ɱĸ߷ȫǺͷߣڷĸӦУԽԽƫλá
ȻǷϣģҲҪҷ
ǻע⵽Ҳ취Ըµǰ·
ǰ·ʵۣ֮עΧ֮ߵı仯㿪һɱĸ߷˵ʴΪ½
һ·ͣͣżת䷽·С
ƽǧһİ
ǡ
Ŀǰȥ˵۾
ֻƬϣĳһСɽӴĺɫңֻһС뱩¶ںϣһֺɫұ棬Ŵպۼ
ǡǣʧԣӦǿǵһƬ׹Ǻʱѿ
ʶɫҵʲô󣬰ͱڣ˵۾ֱˣҲļ
~
һӰԽ˺ɫҡ



1408
׺
˾ϳͻȻ٣ɫҵӰǺѩһλطһٶһλѸ硣
ΣķǺٶûж֮أǴʱȴռȻ
~
ŭһб˱ɱȻͷɫ͵ƣһ˿̫Ȼ䱬Ϣ
â㣬ͬڣŷپһеĿֲ£³һӼĻ࣬׷˱׺
~
׺ɣֲĻڣ嶼ȼգݻٸ࣬ƻš
ʵԶڱ׺֮ϣ˲֮ܽɱֻվǳһ׺ٶ̫죬֪ĻҪϲ٣˽мһ׷ϱ׺δ֮ܽɱñ׺˼٣ɫҡ
á
ˣ
֮ƺ⣬ɻЩĿ۷
˭֪ºѩһ仯ǱȻǾء
˵ô׵ķű׺ȥŶԡ
˿쳣ǷӦƺȴֻҪ룬һƾܽ׺ɱʹٶٿҲûá
޼ɵĴӷԷɹӷ
㷽뱩¶Ҫ׺һҲ׾٣ֻҪһ£Ĺͻ֮ɱ׺
ǣȴʲôûôű׺ȥˡ
ѵƺһ
˵Ŀ⣬˱׺ϡ
û뵽û뵽Ҳĳ׺Цţһ߿Ѫһ߳ɫҡ
ﾡǿȺͿܡ
ʲôǴǡ
˵λãɫұͲԶֻʮô룬˲ܵ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬱׺ͽӽ˺ɫңֻһǧףȻڴʱٶȻ仺ǵ˲֮Уһڣ׶ɲȥ
ûȱ׺ӦһռѷȻ֣һηȻ̽׺г飬һѪֱռѷ˽ȥ
̼䣬׺ͳ׵䡣
˻~
˶ǵһ¶־֮ɫǿռѷ죬ηУԼںɫΧ飬һ𣬱֮ǰκһ߷Ҫܼ
ֻҪУͱͬʱЩɱвû˿϶ǡ
ⲻʲôǿϣľ
ЩɱתʧϻָƽǴûгֹǣֻҪ׺ɱһĻˣ޲⡣
ƬΧӦôһôٶȴ󽵣ͬʱЩɱйâһһҪƾٶȴȥȡƬ뷨ˡ
ܲɫΧΣñ׺ٶȴ󽵵ȴǿ
ôһԵıž˵Ұĺ̰Ķźɫҡ
ƬһҪŪ֡Ļն˵
ޱȡ
Ǻѩδ̤ڣҲϵĵһƬ̺˷ĻͻҲ⡣
ı׺һ㶼ںǳʲôԭŻô޹ؽҪԺֻһͷȡƬ
ȻƬղںѩʵ֮ǰܡ
㹻ʱ䣬оƬлȡ붼ô
ܸоƬżΪҪã˵Ҹһ¥
ͷҲͬĸо
ȡɣҪõƬֻƾʵӲȥ
˽һ񣬺ܿ˹ʶ
ѩ˱ټ漴ɱǽһ𴳽ɫҸ֮ȡߡ
³֮ǻõĪĽ
䣬˶ʱɧ
ûǴǲᱻĻԻ֪ȥĻǾһ
õȫ߶̫ҵֵЩɱΣաȻ֪˵Ĺǣ漴ڳŵ
ǵڻҡһطֻԼ˵˵
жͱǲµģǿɱ
ɱɱڰط˵ȻޣһҲвط
ɫΧ˵ٶȴ󽵣ҪӽɫҽȡߣƱػܴɱɱ
ͱȻԸðΣգˣֵһЩɱӳɹȥĿԡ
Σ֪֮ȫ˵ã
ôвͬĿһ䣬ϢӿͬʱҲйһЩ̫˸о
ңԸ⡣һط˿ĭһڡ
Ψλ֮Ǵӡ
ҵȾϹᣬѡ
˿ͷģ˷׷ױ̬ɬ
û취ӦĻھ͸Ҷɱǣ˵ʵʹҲλطĶ֣οҲ
Ӧչ黹һãҲĿܡ
ͨһ㣬ѡҲͲԶˡ
ҲǸûбѡ
ƺ˷΢΢ףʾýţзڣƺҲǶ˲ٵ
ͻĵ˵ͷҲû˶롣
λطΧ
Ƕ˵ĸ£Եңµж̫Ȼǰװ˵Ӱ첻
ˣЩǿڣȴȫͬڡ
Сӵе㱾£ҵƬҲȫȻѻĿ˷һۡ
طڣһǿߣȴˡ
ҪҪסƬ̡
ò˵ǺУòСҪЩطĻֵǷ
һǿߣȥҲûʲô塣
ɱֵĵһʱ䣬Щǿ߾ͻ˴룬ֻмãܻ
ǵ壬Ҳǳ䵱һԵڻҡ
ԥһ˾ܼ£ס
һǿߣΣռΪУڵĻؼʱЧ
Ͼڱ׺֪ɫҸٶȴ󽵵Ǽ룬ûбΣȴǲö֪
עһ£סСӡ룬תͷԻ
Сӡһ㶣˱˼˵ͷҾɣһ켶ϣ뱣Ҳδرס
ɲǰЩطɱ飬ûп϶ǰ֪ΣգҲûô
΢΢ͷûǿ
ҲףҪסһǿߵѶȣܱסãеĻҲû취



1409 
ѩˣۼһ
ж
һ£û˸ҳɣǰȥ˴˼䶼ʮֿһͷɹâ˶ڡ
ǰֲıҲûӣϴˣ·Ųı亮磬ܣγ˺֮ܣ˶ṩһ㱣ϡ
ط֣˷Ĳ١
ܿ죬Ǿͷɵ˾Ƭֻһǧ׵ĵط;Уûһɱ֣׺ҲԼɱ
˵һǧ׾ǽ
Сˡһȥ
̤һ̣ǴĳһأϢģԭһĿռ䣬ͻȻηУһռѷ֣һֲĻҲƮ
飬˾
ʹ׼˳̲ס
ÿһΧɱʮɱ˹
ֲɱ˶Ǳȫ
~
ײϺ֮ܵɱ˾˵ĺΣɱȿֺӿ˽
ɫһ䣬̴߶̫³һݺύĿֲ࣬һɱ
ָ㣬һǵİɫɱһһ
֣Χֳɱʵ̫ˣһϻðһ
̳֡
~
ҽУϰٸӰҪôηзʬҪôմҪôռѷɣ̼ȫʬ
ȥϰУǿߣȻҲλط
˶ǵù֮Χ˳ʮɱôȫϻͱľԮҲ޼£ת۱ɱ䡣
ЩɱǺεκһشطʵطһɱܲס
Уܳɹģ̫ˣǰĻֻһطˡ
Աߣʵ൱طռѷɣĿһзҲ˵ԺʣһͷǾӡ
һתȥȲҪԶ
Ȼдһ࣬˲佫ɣٳ˷ɻҡ
ӵˣ³ؼʱº֣ס˵ĻĮеٲΣ˿ɣ˵ĳĵ
ǰǰ
ֻǰһ
ȵ
˷ֵɱɱˣԵñȽɡ
û˸ҳɣƴǰȥ̤Χ˶оǵ˲ٶһǧɡ
ǣҲֻʣһǧװˡ
һĹƣȻǰʮףϰ˵䡣
ٶƽʮס
룬롭
߰׾תۼͱϲǿ˳ɹϣ
Ȼѩ˵ˣȴҲǴ
켶ǿߣ˷⣬һ©Ѿȫ䣬طҲ֮һ
Ĳʧںѩʷ϶Ǻģͱ⡣
˶̤ʯȡƬˣЩ˵޹ؽҪֻҪõƬʤ
ʱɫΧڣȻǻ˳׵Ľⳡ
ÿʱỵ֧̈Ųס䣬ҷƲҵ˼㡣
ס𣬴ߴǰ
ԽӽƬӰԽ˵ٶٶȷŻʧҲϼӴ
˵䣬ʣ˳ܵѹҲԽԽ󣬻ͱҲȫע
ȻšĿƲŵˣɫ
û뵽ǣȻš
ȻȰйܼչ˷̤󣬱֪ǺεȵѣҲͲڴ
ǣû
ǷͷһƺҲǰȻ
ɻһȴû˼ȥʱȣΪ˳嵽ɫǰ븶ȫľҲûϾȥעġ
һסǴг˷ܡ
~
ƺǱ˲֪оŭˣֵɱȻǵذɱ˹
һŵطУʱо˲ҽһ
һ·ҵ˼㣬̶ʮʱ䣬ˣطʮˣ˻ͱԼûв⣬ŵģֻ°ˡ
~
ȫͷŵգ̫ͬ㣬³޾Ļ࣬γһصĺɨȫһɱʱ˵Σա
ȻȫҲ֧Ų˶ãûеɱĻڶ̶ʮڣܽɱ
ߡ
ѣ۾ˣصҪѪôĴۣջƴҲҪɱȥ
ƾŻıٶƽʮף֧Ųס䡣
ˡ
Ĭ£ľ룬谭õƬٲɣȻջأڻĴ߶£ƲɵĿֲ˺ɫң;иֵɱ׷׳
󣬻ȻƣץƬ
һߵıҲûԥ˻һ飬᲻ɴݣȻײǰɱײϣĽһʱȴûн
طһ˶ʱùˡ
쵰
Ǽط˫ĿԲɣʹͱͱӵɱʬ

Цһ̣Ҳ֡
̫ٻ︡𣬱ִƼ䣬طڽ£ϵ˲ͻ졢ĲΣ˰ļƲɵ
ͬʱŷչ¶ľЧҲ֮ʧֳ
ǡ
ûнط⺧˵ı仯ȫŵĻɢ
һյĽɫֱӴ˽˺Ƭ󣬷ץסƺһӳ˽
ţնն˻ͱ
۷ȫһûӡ
оƺƵƺڱյĿֲӺӿݿ࣬ɨһУͱǴʧɫ
ǹ˲ȡƬ׷׻֣ӭӷĹ
ǲִ֮£ȥѷǷĶ֣ʹֱ𹥻ˣҲ֮ϡ
ͱģٲҲԱֻҪ߹͵ϮǾɱ֡
Ȼţɫ䣬Ϊֵ˲䣬ʶնһûжٵڣƾˡ
á
æ
նһԶԶ֮ϣ˵ǲִӦˡ
~
޴ĺУı飬һն飬Ļһ£ѾˣˣҲǸСӱĴۣ˱ɣڵǰ壬ײƬϡ
ش£Ȼǵԣ²̸֪ȡƬ
һش˱һսų󣬷ת



1410 
㣬Ȼ㡣
ҧгݣһ̣̻˼ˡ
û뵽ȻϢǱ˺ѩ磬Ӳ뵽ȻǵĶУȴʱ
µĵˡ
뵽ͱϹǰ֪װ׵վ֪
ʱ򣬻ȻˣΪʲôαװ֮ǰûκҲˣΪʲôطˣһǿԻţΪʲôƺʵڣҲû䡭
ǣһУȴ̫ˡ
ҡ΢Ц
ѡʵʱ֣ǻͱȫ񶼷ƬϣϾˣʵҲ๦
лɨǰ·ϰǲ˼Ƭڱصá˵
Ӧ壬Ƭ档
Ҫɱ㡣˫Ŀ𣬲ٷϻֱӴ߶̫
̸䣬ɱĳȴûм٣಻ĺˣΪǵɱҲǱʹǷ۷壬Ҳ֧Ŷá
˭սپ˭Ҳ߲ˡ
һ̣ԽΣա
ȥ
ļ٣ɫ͵ƣ̫â㣬ŻĴ߶Ȼȼ
ֲĻ̫ӿգŷȥ
ȴȻ塣
ʵҪǿ٣ڱĵطһκβ㣬ɡ
䣬ͶȻ˱仯ڵĵطڴʱĲ
Χϸֵɱƹ˷͵δֹƵģֱ˻ݺصĿֲҲڷǰԶĵ
һ޷ڷ
ǣ򷨲֡
ܡޱȵĺ޷ǰһС
ǲڣеĹλô߶̫Ҳ
ĴһӾͱļ䲻
򷨲ֵ״̬ɱ˷ɵһغǣȫˡ
ԭзֵٻάֻ֣һˣȴҲܲס
ѩϼ˪ǣ򷨲״̬µķ˹ȴܹˡ
Уȥһһɱϣͻķߣȫˡ
ҴаգԼȫˣΣա
ڣȴһ
һֱǺѩڶ˵Ļκ˶ϧԼЩطٶΣٶҲԼ÷۷ǿߣôôԡ
һţıҲԽԽɱͻ룬ϳһ˺ۡ
ҲסæԶƬķȥҪӳط
ȻƬڣоǵ˲ӣ˵ٶȴ󽵣ٶٿ죬ҲҪʮŷɵĳȥ
У㹻Щɱش
վһԣĿŻƣڱڽ򷨲ֵ״̬Ͳô֣Ȼ״̬޵УҪάҪֻ
ɱͻĹ˲٣״̬³ֵĻĸǾ
ˣǳΣڻͼƬʱҲΨһȫĵط
ҲǷĹûӵƬ뷨
ԭԻʵٴҲӳƬǾ˺ۣҪʱ򣬷ˡ
һգؼйһȳ磬˽ȥ
ĲʵŭУ䡣
ȥץסɫ͵ƣ̫һ顣
ˡ
ƺĿɿڴĿһеķȫ󲻵ĶǿߣȻô׾ˡ
ʵͬСɣ뷽Ҳȥ
£ûɱĿܡ
ǿٵ·ľ޴Ȼ򷨲֣еɱȥټӰĻ粽У£ȴǸõĻᣬŻôףĵĲġ
ûϰƬȥ
ŲϿֱϵͼâ㣬·Ҫһ㣬ǰδе״
ͬʱƬ棬Ҳйâ͸뷽Ӧ
ȴûע⵽Ƭϵı£һ԰ĺڡ
еıʹ࣬Ťţһ
ţ
̤ƬʱֻҲĴЩֵǣƬûκιɳֱ˴˺Ӧĸоȴ淢ǿ
ûм˼۱ֻӳһ׼һ
Ȿʮþȵ£Ȼһ£ȴͻȻһڹ⣬Ĺ
ʲôһ
ڵصıȻۣһ˫۾ԭıȫͬ飬ҲҲ˿Ӱӡ
㡭
ǰδеľ״ӷзӿѹıûκα飬̽Ȼץ˷
ڱϣ涸Ȼըһڶͬĺڰ
ӿ룬ǳһ޵׶֮б̵Ʋκβˣűץһڶ֣ڵǴҪ뷽ƿأͶһڶ֮С
Ѫ⣬ǵҲʧأҪڶ
á
д󺧣׹Բֵܵһɣ;֮ء
κԥ
һűĻֽƾճ֡
~
ֲ׵˳ӻֽϷųޱҫ۵ĹâǼطڶ顣
󣬷Ѫʧ״̬ʱʧ
һ̣ϣһڶԻȫתţƴйҪ֮ɡ
ָ֣ͷһ۵ĹûУתٶȥ
һɫĴϷɳ·ǻһ㣬һâƵ飬ԣţһֲ޷ĳ֡
һյĴ½Ȼ䣬һȻпٵأҲͷ죬̤صʥֳս
죬ֲס
~
ƬԲǧڣǲϸֵɱԼӰǺް취ǰȴ˲䱻ķ顣

󺰣ϹӰ鱬ͬһԴˣҲԱ䣬Ѫ
쿴ƣɱ飬ɳһץס˴ƺͷҲصĿɣжԶӶԶ
󷽣׵ıͬħ㸲һС



1411 ֮צ
һͷҲ˲СǺеɱһɳǧ֮Զͣ
Ӧðȫˡһ˳ǣɫ԰ס
ˣǣʲô
ƺľղŷһУԶԶķ룬ҲŪף׷ʲô
ҡҡͷûн͡
ǰâ˷ڣ
һСʱ󣬷ת
ƺ㻹뿪ɡһԵƺҲ˷ŵĳ£Һѱס㣬ںѩ˶ˣʣһźѩǻûȳȥһط
ƺЩԥȻ֪ڷȫǸղŵȷʵҲˡ
һΣܾһΣᡣ
ͨ˴˽ںҲپᣬŷһתǺ֮ȥ·ߵͼֻҪСһЩ»زȥ
Ƭڵλ÷ȥ
һ·ϣԽԽľԲǧڵĺ򱻳׵Ĵݻ٣׵ľ޿ӣΧĺкˮע޿ӣȴԶ
;һж׻
治ʥдΨһ顣һ⻹״αϴ磬˵ѹûܹ۶á
һҳ飬ȫʮط۵һֲ޷
ںѩ籬½ƽǵС
ЩϽĻȼһ㣬綼ᱻ׵Ĵɼⱬ֮ǿ
ǺŹػľǳűȥģ࣬˲û̫ƻǴ˷Բǧĺ
Ĺܲٻ˰ɡ૵
֪ϷʲôʱıҲǾطʵļԶǷܱȵġ
Ҳǿǵһ㣬ûԼǲػĻ־
Ҳ޿κΡ
ǿǿӣȴ޲𹥻
еڵĻ־Ĵ»ҷˣʵ̫Ż־ķȻⲻˡ
ʵϣܶౣ֮֮ﶼͬȱ㣬˼
ԼչⲻҪɣȻȻǺ̫ࡣ
˼䣬ص˷Ƭĺ
ĺ򣬰ƬʧȻǱݻˣԭƬĵط龲ţԱߣһʲ
ĿȥȻһ
֮צ
ǶȻһצϳצ֮һ
ԭˣԭˡȻƬģԭ֮צѹֻôķӦ
צ֮ǰʱյӡűʵ
û뵽ϵ廯磬ؾڣȴʵ塣̾
һУɻ˷
÷û뵽ǣֻ֮צʧͻȻΪһâֱͶ˷ڡ
~
ǿ׵֮צд˷ȫ
~
ХţˮӿҵĲУһƬƬ۴ӷϣϣϸ֣Ƭ̺ʧתǸ֡
·ԷΪսӸԴ϶и졣
ʹָʹ֪֪˶ãƽϸһƬƬۣͬһˣӡͼ֣ǳ׵ıΣһֻצֻצһģһǱ֮צ˷һ㡣
ңôֵ֮צ֮ɫ
ڵ޵׵ѹˣڷӿŵģϤİ
~
ã䣬ͻȻƬ֮צд˷Ժ÷Ǳģȫ
ݼȻӴ󣬿ɷҲǵһνܼˣûöãͻָ
ԭֻ֮צʵ壬ͽӡ岻ͬ滹ĿֲҪ֮գҪģǺľϾĵرĵر
֮ԻҲǱĽֻ̬£
ȵľҾָܻԭ
ӼУ˽⵽ôһº󣬷ʱ˿ֲָܻ˲̬Խܲˡ
̬ǱҲתɱġ
ʹĻҵʵΣ뵽ĻӶһ֮צռֽ̱˺ѿ쵽˼Զĵط
ʵ¶оطʼ˰ɡоϲ
Դ˵ǿ޷󣬾ô꣬ܣҷƣıҲһ˵Ļ»ǿ
˾طʵʵҲǲˣںѩܺˡ
ˣ䵽ʲôż䣬ҲǺܿҵ˴𰸡
ˣƬг֮צ⣬һУ֮צѹţϱĵ
֮Իᷢ䣬Ϊй¶˳ڣ˱塣
о
ѹ֮צǺεȿֲѹĿ£ǿĲ˼顣
УĿֲڡ
ܿ϶ģһΪǿĴڣԲʥ󣬻ݣƬѹؾҪͨʱ䳹׵
ڸļ䣬ɱĿֲڵ˭ںδȵȣǲö֪
ۼӦܵõļ䣬Եɡ
ӦöǺڣÿһƬ涼һ壬Ҫȫҵǣϸղŵô죿ȥ䣿
һεı˳ţҪٴαôֲҪһʱ䣬ڼԶûǰǿˡ
ȵȡͻȻü뵽һؼ
ǴѩıĸԴڣǱѹŵģô¶ģȻǵжڸս뺮ѩ磬ԼǺʱ򣬲ŻܵϮΪڴŻᱻԣо⣬˵鲼ѩǺ
ô׿Ʊ˱⣬ҲΪУһ֡
ܿƸǿǰ纮ѩʡ
У뾡콫ۼܵȥ䡣
ͣϳŸӦģһƬķȥ
ѩ硣
һѩԭϣѩ˫ֱȴϢ
£Ѿҵߺͷǽˡһλطɹ档
ܺá
ԣѩ¶һЦ˭Ҳûע⵽һĨڹһ



1412 ѩ֮
ЩСͶ·ˡ
ѩЦ̫⣬һоա
ǽߺǱȻѲԼԳֺȴһˡ
ǱʵλطѩôҪҵȻףʹҵˣλطڣҲͻΧ
ѩȻҲɳطǰط٣ɱˣǺµİطγɵİΧҪסǽߺˣȻǷʱĹ̡
ѩһȴǼһ̡
طʵʵǽߺֻҪϣǱɣǶҽӽѩڵĵطӶӲ
˵ʹѩʲôǽߺˣǿǱӵķΧ
ʱţѩγɵİΧȦԽԽ£Ҳζˣڽ
ҪǱİߣͰѩ΢΢Ц
ǽߺˣӴܵô˳Ȼٲкѩͨ籨ţйᣬṩ
磬ôֶΣںѩ粼°壬͸
ѩ˿һ㣬Ͼѩڷǽߺ磬ҲӦ͸Ϊ
ͨΧ˷ǽߺˣЩӣҲǱһһúѩʶԺѩ˴ϴȻҲڡ
ʱ·ˡѩʵߡ
һڿն𣬷ǽ硢ߺ˱ѩԭ
ˣˡ
ˣˡ
һѩԭϣǽߺ˾ۼһ˸ˣֻŵϢš
˵϶ž֮ɫǺԼѾ;ĩ·
ѩ翪ʼ£ΧȦˡ
޿ӣǾеȸ
һλطɫȥͻΧʱ򣬱ѩķǿ߸նϵġ
ϡ򣬶аطʱԮͻΧ뷨ΪӰ
ڶ桭Ǻѩʡ
ףѩˣһط̧ͷͻȻ˵
ںѩ磬ѩͣѩ飬ȻδƮѩȴ˸оǰδеļ¡
ǵĺ⣬˷ӿ·Ҫ͸ǵĹ
һѩϣʱһѩֲĺӿڡ
ãѩҪˡ
λطǴʧɫ˾˾β²ǺѩԳֵס
ڷǽߺ˿־ĿУѩʴ̤նӸµˣڿһ
ǱĿ⣬ǵĳȥ
£²
ںѩ׼֣ЩǱ뺮ѩ˳ĨɱʱͻȻӺ洫һӰɶ
²ոմϢ˵Ǻˣʯ׷飬Ҳ⡣
£ˣҲˡ
طŵ˼㡣
ʲô
ѩͷ¶֮ɫҲʧصʱһɱа˼µʶȻԺ
̼䣬۾ͱ˺ɫǳ
~
ѩ̲סͷҽУ͵̽ŵطĵ÷飬ȻӶԷڣȴǳһڹ⣬û뺮ѩ壬Ĳҽи
˭˭ҵԺѩʱԴ״۾һһɺɫȻڼҵᡣ
ݣ£
ѩ˶ˣǴûгֹԺѩϵʵ˭ܽȵز
ûע⵽Լ۾ҲǱ˺ɫаʶԺתռ
¶ЦݣЩ˵һ鿪Ϊһڹ⣬Ͷ˺ѩڣ÷ںѩԺսѸʧ⡣
Ǻѩˣǽߺˣͬʱܵ˾Ⱦ
ԭ˵İطת۾ͱ꣬͵ſڣΧϣӿһڹⱻУؼ䣬ĺɫֳȿֺӿ塣
˵ۿɼٶȻָò˶ãͻָȫʤ״̬Ǹֱ۱ϵİطҲ³ֱۡ
ˣǵҲڷţת۾ͳԽ˼ޣǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ΧˣҪôǱ鿪ȫʬҪôʧȥ˻ڵء
ѩʰⳡսУ׵ˡ
ſɫӿ룬ѩʵҲڻš
ˡߴǺȥػˡ·߽㣬ѩ૵
˫ĿʶԭǸ˼άȴȻȫı䡣
һϵˣһϧҪȥػˡ



1413 ں
γѰܺãڵ״̬ǳĺãǰδеĺáѩ̲ס̾Ϣշ֪ңǰ׹ˣҵŵ塣
ԭҵĴڣѩĴڣΪˡ
ԭһеĸı䣬ĽҲ˵Եʡ
ûˣѩУһ۵Ĵ磬ûˣͲǣǿ磬Ҳطʡ
ˣϵĴڣԸҵҵһȥػ
ˣѩʵļ˼άȫı䡣
ǵ׹䣬˺ѩı仯ԼĽˡҲ֮ɢÿһ䣬͸ÿһ˵ڡ
˵ѩʵҲΪˡˡԵʡ
ҲΪˣλˡôף͸ıļ˼ά׵ƿ壬һλطʱ˿ܡ
úԪѩʿǽߺط֮ĶԹһʹ˴ǺвˣһȥǺ
Ϊ˷񡣡λطԥ
֮ǰս׷ɱǲڣûһ㣬Ǻ޽١
úԪȻǺѩˣڵ磬ͬҲˡȾӣǷɿʵͬʱҲ׶ȡǵ塣
¡
¡
ĵӰԶɶǺѩλط뺮ѩʡúԪһзŹаĺڹ⡣
ѩȻǵĵۻʣʲôû䣬Ψһ仯ģǶһϵˡ
ȥǺѩ
ת䷽ͨתٸǺ
;УؼڹӿͶڣǵȸϵǺĴʱú˵ʵѾ˷۷壬Ȼֹͣ˼ȻѾǸԵĳɳޣֹȥ
ҲǣƵǰطԭˣǵ䣬Ǳȡ˻ԡ
˺ѩʵ⣬Ҳڱĵط

һغ͵ıУŴɫӿ룬Ȼ飬һ׷˳ã
ҡҲ𣿡
ʮǰһսУұǽľطشزΣձסһ˿
ˣΰ˴
еãܿʧ׷תȡ
Ҫȥػˡ
޴ıȡ
~
һֻȻ̽Χıɽѩ߰㱻ӵĵǡ
ػˡһӰӵص̤
ѩ磬ֻϵľλط
һЩҪôںͷǽ硢ߺսˣҪôǴӣҪôǱչز£ȻʱȴǷ׷ָƹضǺ

ѩı仯ö֪
˳ӦķλڶƬڵء
ǺȻΣգǶԴʱʹķ˵ȴΣմܳƲǺ޼ɣȴҲӾ󲿷Σˡ
ڶƬˡ
ڴͻȻɫ΢ƿλã·ĺУһֲˮԭλûձ˺ѿ
ţ΢
ⲻɱ߾ûôǿˮ̺طУҪˡ
~
һ޴ɺֳ̳վһߴ壬źɫۼףϳͷλãһ޴ͷ
ɺ̳Χͬ壬ȴվڼ̳ϵࡣ
ں塣ĿһǺгưԵ顣
֮ǰ뺮ѩͬУҲûһֻǰĺںȡ
ѵǺںߣֻǿ飿
ע⵽Էзźڹ⣬ɺ̳ΧĺںҲˣ÷һ뵽˱
Ǳˡ
ҲԣǾǺǾƬģҲױжʴơ
ʱ׹Ҳʶѹĵжʶģ򲻻ԱΪ
ߴ~ںſ³һ岻ԣ͵еĳǡ
ɺ̳Χں壬Ҳ֮źţ׹ǻ衣
~
󺣷ںںĿ£󺣶Ŀ񱩵˼㣬һصľ˳𣬲˲һ𣬿ֲޱȣֱ˾طʵļ
ԷǺУ뺮ѩʿ⣬Ȼ֮ڱǿ
֮ǰķĹͲòó֮
ڣȴǺҡ
֣Ѿ֮צ·Ĵ󺣾찴¡
һͬ׹ױȵѹȸ˴ɲǼ䣬ƽ˾ںɺ̳һ𣬱һư˺ס



1414 
~
󺣱һƣѹȥγһĻѼ澰
ںЩǿҲŷһƳ뺣ףݺݵײ˺״½ϣʱͬײ㣬ôؾ𶯣·Ƿλơ
׷ľ䣬ڣʷǰеĳХγյľˣҪǺɨû
ⳡХȴûдôƻǺ޴ڵĺɫźХⳡѸƽϢϾǺؾΣյĵط֮һطʼǿ߽֣ԶԽ֮ٵ
һƽں˰뺣ףԥˡ
Щںˣû
һ㣬ڵʵ˾طʣҲǷʳڡ
طһط֮ʵҲر𣬿ԷΪڡڡڡ۷ͼС磬ȰطҪһȻΪطʵĿȸҪʮط۵Ѷȸ
ЩںȣʵռϷ磬ǲಢҪǣǲʵ
Ȼ˷ʱ䡣
жѾж˷ʱĻ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲôʱ˷Щںϣ羡ҵ壬õȵʵߵľ磬Ҫɱ練ơ
ڷ뿪ûã󺣲ɺ̳ð˳
ֻ֮ǰȣɺ̳࣬汻ĳһѺۣЩں˸ǱΪʵβ룬Ȼɺ̳ı뺣׺ļҲǱײͷת򣬿Ѫֻкں߲ûʲô¡
ߴߴźʧȥ˷Ӱںķŭ
ĺںˣƺ¶˾ģ¶ı顣
~
Щں˵壬Ȼ䱬鿪һڹȻ˺ںڣͬʱǺĺɫҲܵӿ˹ͶС
ڹ֣ںŤźУϵʼڽ
ҪӰططһǺε֮ѣʹԭǷ۷壬ҲԿԽʱȴ˵£ʼ
ҵˡ
Ŀһɨ˳ںϵĵڶƬ
ӽǧ׺ƬΧʱɱڵķ˵ȴǺˡ
Щɱ԰طвǾطȴԽ֮ӡ
СĵĿƬҲԴƺǲɱκβ˷Ƭϣ˺ڹ⣬һħӰŭɱ
Ȼһצ˺ѵնʱħӰ顣
Ȼв
ôᡣ¶ɫƵıǺεȿ£ڵķҲδаٷְٰջû뵽û˸£ЩжȻС
ںЩˣӦ׼ȴǰϣһıκǡ
׹һצ׼Ƭͷų汻ѹ塣
Ȼͻľף÷͵һ͡
~
ƬȻ鿪һ쳹׵ĺڹնſֲݺݺ˷
á
ɫ΢䣬Σ֣ȫӳ֮צͬʱҲǳǰǿȻûʮطһôֲȴҲоطʵļ
~
Χͬһ㣬ֲĺڹⱻҲɣ˱ɳȥѪ
ˣҴˣжңҲԣȻѹ壬ôʵҲǾطʣոй¶ĽȴһٲҴ⣬ûг׵ķɾ裬һ£Ȼˡ
񱩵ƽϢѹ¶
һǡ
~
ǻΪһâͶ˷ڣ뵽֮Уţ͸оˮӿ˳ʵߵĲΡ
Ǻ󣬷ʵǽһء

ҵΣķĵطΨʵҪģؾȻǵһλӦδ֪Σա
~
ʹ಻ĺںĴУӲıһͬʱҲ˼¡
ΧĴ󺣻˿籩꣬ؼŰӦźںߴʱ˷ܵ顣
һż˾طʵľ硣
ͻƣĺɫӿڣͬʱš
ڷͺںߣͻƵʱ򣬺ѩҲ̤Ǻ
úԪȳǺˣȴûаİĸоǺĵͼӳԺٶȱܿΣգ֮ء



1415 ƿ
Ǻ
ˣΪʲô˵ض˵󲿷ֵطûΣգôȴɻĪײ롣ѩʳ̾Ϣ
ˡ
ΪԴڡˡʶĻᷢʲôǱʶŻΌܽǺǺ̽󲿷ֶɡ
ǺȻΣأǶ˵ȴ㲻ʲôѩǺ̽ҲͲֻΧʮ֮һˡ
ô£ȴΪ˼άĸı䣬úѩֻգûǺ
Ǻв˵ĵ˷ǳǿǷֱǰѹص㣬˿Уңȥ֮ػˣҪġѩʳǱƵʱҲõصϢ
ǡ˶ǹ
Щϱ·ǰԵĿص㡣
ߣѩ¶֮ɫٷǺ֮ɫӿŷ׷Ͷڣúѩʵƻ

ţ
ͻü˺ںڵλã裬Ȼɫȴܸܵõ
ǿƣͻƣ
ɱͬСɣҲҪˡ
ѭͼĸӦתƬڵķλͬʱҲǽǴļƬ
飬õĲ࣬Է֮ǰļ䣬ҲЩ
Ⱥõ֮צǣĵģڵǸļԽԽͬģɱļ䳡ҲǷӵġ
׵У׹ĺӰҲԽԽһɢ
ڵ磬ĿǰΪֹȻκζߣǵҲؾڵκһ磬Ƿ֪硣
Ҫ֪氿裬Ȼǿס
Ȼͬ
ڵһУĸǿҲйϸ˽⣬֪ǵĴڣǻŵģѾʱ䳤ġ
ϳǸҲδ֪
ʱûͷ
Ƭˡ
ú󣬷˵ƬڶƬͬǸΧŴĺںˣɱȻûһʵﵽطʹƬڵĵж壬Ҳ˶٣ǿҲطΣɽ
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ǰط壬ҾһвˣǺѩأ
뵽еĽȸиȻ֪ѩ緢ľ䣬ҲʶģҪؾ塣
Ƭѹģһպǡ
ǡצڷ˵ȫӴޱȣ뷽壬ȴûκεͰ
ͣ㣬һ
Ŀ飬壬ûжĲۣա
Ƭѹģһֻ޴ͫȷ˵жֻͫҲǻΪһâ˷ۡ
~
ɲǼ䣬ҵʹ˲䴫˷ȫ
֮צʱµʹ࣬ͬ۾˺ѿ
õ壬ǳ֮צͫ⣬Ķͷž޴Ĳ죬ûдϵĸı䣬
ǣͫȴһ
亹乶£۾ͫ£Ÿı䡣
~
һ׵ƾɣݺݵڴϣֲͫںϣΧֵ׵ҲԽԽ࣬˺ѵأƺƴԷΪģ磬µ˼㡣
ڣ۾˸죬ͫһģһ·̺һ׵磬ؼ䣬
~
׹⣬Ȼ䱻գһص׹ƺƵ˺˲񷣬ͬٵأǺ˺롣
֮£е鶼ɪɪ
Ǻ޴ڵĺɫҲ׹£Ĳ԰֮ƺشòŻֺϣ֮ǰȣȴ˲١
ŪˣһֱŪˣƿģɱĴڣ૵
ȫ˹
еĳϸڴģ壬ȫƾ⣬Ļ콵Ŀֲ뵱ȻΪڵ˵Ĳ£ϣɱ
ڲ֪ƿģ
һ·жҲ˺üΣǴǱߣûһչֳԭЩ⣬ǵõ˽
֮צ÷õ˺յͫ÷ƿ
ʱá



1416 ս֮ǰ
ڵʵӦǷˡ
ͫ룬÷õƿͬģҲƶŷʵһޣﵽ˷ڡ
ڱ̺뺮ѩʵңң֣÷жϳ˺ѩʵʵȻǾطʲ٣ͣڷʳڵĳ̶ȣδӵˣڿǱȷʳǿ̫ˡ
ѩ硢ǽߺ㶦˭Ҳκβ˭ĸҲ֤ˣλطʵʵڲ֮䡣
˵
ʵȻܺɨؾ硣
֮ǰؾ磬ڵģӺѣжûðȻûʲô˵ģʹ̫ı

׵ڷȫһ̣Ȼһ׵糤磬Ȼ˺ǺĲɫһƬڵء
ɨ٣ؾΪȱ֮ǰ
֣÷ʵٽһ
;УػߣЩںҲǷܲηȻʵϵľ޴࣬ȴʹ޷κвһһצȥܽػɱŸɵѹĵж
ֱϣͼԽԽĵط𣬴űؾ۵Ĳ֡
ڵʱ򣬷ؾʮ֮һ壬ǴʱۼȴѾﵽ֮һ
ֻǣܸӦ壬Ҳ𽥱١
ǺȫۼҲֻ֮һʣµģ硣
Ϊѩûб࿴ɡ
׹ƵһҲڷǽߺ磬屻һΪѹ硣
ڵĿ꣬ؾۺѩߵ塣
š
ϵھſƬڵλã΢΢һػģٲǺں壬ࡣ
е˷ʶǺѩľ֮Ȼδ棬ǵģṩе֪
㣬ԭ㣬˳˯ĵطŵˣһλط̽оǳޡ
ӷϣûиоκͬϢȻˣǵˡ
㵽ʲôðˣҲߺ޵
ûϳڵ̬˲ĵرҲ޷ʹã֪ʵݡ
ǶˡĿһλطжŲĺڹ⣬һޡ
˴ɱС
λطĴȣӺƬУӿ˴ĺڹ⣬ڣţ˵ʼڽת۾Ϳ˰طط֮ǵ
ǰһĻ֤˷ǰĲ²⡣

ʳڣҲסҡֵ֮צȻӶʱ˺գĿռ顣
ͬʱһݺݵĺˡ
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~
λطҽУϵĺγһĺڶպ͵ͷµգǣ˺ѵպͽµʵ̫ˣ಻·Զûоͷ
ڷĿը£˾еİŽ֧һʱĺڶҲǴﵽޣ޷ԴԴĺըʱһϣǻڣոǽǻѪۡ
ҽУ˺ܿ챻ըķǡ
ۡˣҲǸеʮƣϾ˵ʵﵽ˾طʵĲΣѶԸ
ʵϵƣҲǿըôãŽǽ
ҵûڣǷʳڵĻһսʤ㡣
жʼжˣԱĵ˻ԽԽǿûǺ˶ˣҪĴ㡣

Ĵ㣬ȻǺѩҲƣԺߵĻʵڵжĸע£̶Ȼ
һצ䣬Ƭһûǿĺڹڸλطʱ򣬾ĵĲˡ
һ壬Ѹٻָ۷״̬һЩ
ǿпս׼ǳϵǣƬΧҲûκػߣǺѩĶǿߣЩںҲɴʧˡ
ˣƬϣҲӦжĴڣʧȥѹ壬֣ڷһ󣬾з˳Ͷڡ
ߵĲΣȴһƬأûа֮ɫ
ʶˣ޷ֹңͽ͡
ǣⲻ䣬ڻȴյľս



1417 
Ʋûд
̤ǺİطԶֹɱˣҪô纮ѩʰ㣬Ǻĺ֮أҪôǰƬڵأԴ
Ȼλطڷµһ̣˵Ժﶼˡˡǳˡ
Ȱ壬ۼ׹ȥ
ǺطԷ˵ûΣգûؾж˳˼㡣
ܿ죬Ҳۼһ𣬼ʵ֮צͫģԷĸ죬ȴûٶȳ֡
ѹǺ壬Ҳһֻ֮צͫ
ȻǷڡڵ૵ؾ۵壬ûʵߵĲΡ
ڵõһ֣Ŀǰؾ۵壬ǲ֮һ
ɫ
Ⲣ˵Ʋĳ˴ѩ类ѹ壬û֮һһ֣ûռ
һλãһ屻գһ飬ĸӦҲԽԽۣͬڰе̫ޱȡ
ǣػĵҲ϶ǿ
ҪҪȥ
ԥһڰǰģѡ
вǷȥɣ֮ԻеԥΪʵ㣬ʮطۣһˡ
һΣ뿪ؾʮúѩ۽ʹ顣
ȵһʵ㹻ˣҲӦκΣա
ӷֵжһָоԷķӦܴͣҲ̰ܿ壬ԶԶûе
һֱǺܱδ
Ҳ÷ܹȻ뿪Ǻ뿪ؾ硣
֮⣬һѡ񣬷Ҳɱȥ
еıƣǶôΣյľ棬ԱǣֱֻʹһΣĵǣûлɱΣյĵˣȵһõ׸ˡ
ʱȴǵѡ񡣡
˾󣬷û뿪ȥǿƬڵĵطһۡ
ǵطλǺ롣
ûãĿĵأһӴ½أǧ﷽ԲȻɫ֣˿

Ŀ΢ǺУ˺ںɱ⣬Σյĵط³̶ȻҪǰ֮ϡ
ѰƬʱ򣬷Ȼûнȥȴ÷һЩΣУӺںɱвȴЩų
鷳ˣû뵽һƬȻҿӣ⻹ǺҲΣյüͷ
ʱ뿪뷨ڿУ뷨Ǽᶨ
Ȼڷ׼뿪ʱͻȻһ쳹ء
УȻɳһӴХ

Ͳѿڶ
зɳʲô
ǰĳǺʱֱһģһûͨ쳹صĹ
Ϊʲôԣⲻꡣ˼УһĻϣҲ⣬Ƿܿע⵽ꡣ
ڲһǰޣҲΪ֮𣬵ȴǱɱģ겻ɱĵ˿
ӦĵӶߴģꡣ
ɫ䡣
겢ܶط͸ģ˵ѹǺģеһꡣ
ϣһɫ
ЩɫţĽ껺
һŭȻӷ޲ɱȥѹĵжɵ
侲Ҫ侲ܱˡǿѹеɱԼ侲
ŭԴʵС
ס˳嶯ûн
ڱǰŷңңʱһԺըƵģ棬Уһǰδе
£ʹݺݵĺˡ
һΣ˵ģҲ
һֻ޴ħ񣬱ϳһ˫޴ĳͷۣޱȣҲµ˼㡣
ħͬվںڶ֮УΧĺɫһУµա
ĹƣҲħǱ
˫ƾУ˭Ҳκβ˭
ħҪ룬ȴǽŲţ޷ӣ˵սڵҲѣűļ
ڣƺǱȵ˼㣬ħȻŭ𣬴УֳһɢŻϢĹâ
Żâһ˳ţһжͣ
޷֮תͣʱ
У״¶˾֮ɫ
~
ƺ̧ɽһ㣬ħľâصĺϣʱش˱֮ȻǰķˣҲǺݺݵĺħţħ˴Ŀĵľ޴󶴿ڣܿһߵľ
ˣȻֹ
͵ؾѹҲ˲˵ս𺳣𾪡
û뵽Ȼû뵽Ľ
Ǽ򵥵ɱܾˣȻȷʵǱɱˣħҲûõȥˡ
𾪣֮ǰģȫһ
֮ǰõļ䣬ǲȱģȱؼĲ֣ڣȴǴݸ˷ؼļ䣬׹ʱ׷ʲô¡
һǰĻϽĲ²⣬ҲͱƵˡ
֮ǰ²⣬ѹģħµһΪʵԶ֮ϣһҲ͹ˣħˣɱ뿪ˡ
ڣҲ֪ħಮ٣ǰҲشħ£һѹ
ҡҡͷܡ
ѱˣﻹȥ飬Ͼˣֺαضһ٣ȥѹҪ׵
᲻ᣬҲɼòȥѹĲ᲻ᣬؾڣһб仯ģħ񣿡
ͻȻһֲĸоֲ²
ħǻûʲôħ񡭡ǿʥһĿֲڰ
ʹشʹҲûȫָҲԶĶ֡
᲻ЦŷڱQ׼ڹؼʱ̳֣񵧵һҳɸɵ
ǧͷӿͷޱȿֲĵˣ÷侲
ˣǷҪ߶ѣڵȻħע⣬Ҫȫӳؾ졣
Ҳûһƴ̫֮СҵĻһƽţ췭ظ顣
ſֲĵơ
ֻǣνؾҲԼĿڣ˳Σգײᶯá
޿ˣҲԥ



1418 
侲һЩٶȷյȫ鱨ԼĵģӦòܳ֡
ּħδؾѵ״̬
û´ĻӦڳ˯ָƣЩ磬ҲΪ˼ӿָٶȣֻܽڵ侲
ע⵽ħӦԺܴ壬пܣһжıܡ
ҲʶˣԼ֮ǰģжΣա
ħսڸԷ̼̼Ļ˵ѹĿܡ
뿪Ļüġ
ţ
׼뿪ʱٶͣ¶ɲɫ
ĸӦУһ㡣
ħĥꣿһݣ̾˹
͵̤ǰһҪֱӲֹס
ĴڣɳΪߵĵرĪİܽʡʱ䣬ԷҪ
걻ĥӡʧĻҪ׵ĻΪߵĵرҪ棬·߲ͨ
Цһ
ûˣԸһߵĵر
֣ħĥ꣬Ϊʲôȵڡ¶ɻ֮ɫ
䶼֪ˣôʱħĥĻȲʹؼ䳹׵ʧˡ
ֿܣһǣҪĥ꣬븶Ĵۣ˲һֱûãʹˮī򡭡ֿԲħԶƲ;ĩ·ûб븶ش۵ʱ򡣡
ɲΪԼԷôѹ
ôһֿˡ
֮ǰħһֱڳ˯ûѣǱܵ磬Լṩ磬ҵĵԼľѣҲ֮תŻῪʼĥꡣ
ֿܣϷĲ²⡣
ȻˣҲлᣬǣڻǽȥʱ˵꣬ת뿪ûмŽڸһ¡
ǿҪȣָǽɱﵡ
Ҫĥ꣬Ҳûôףȵľ󣬲Żĥıӡ
ʵϣԷ˵δزһ¡
岻ͬʶģóȻյĻпܱΪ꣬Ϸ档
һʮ죬תۼ
ɫӿǺĴӿ
Ŵĺɫջأ걻ĥٶҲȻӿ졣
Ȳˡϣ͵վ
ûָ۷壬ǣȴ޷ٵȥˣħջɢĲ֣ҲԽԽǿʱʣࡣ
ʮҲһ̶ȣٵı䷴ɡ
¶ĺ󣬷һʱԵûԥһʱ˲С
ˡ
ѩʵڵأ϶غڹ⣬ԶںҲ
һ̣ѩ۾һģҲӵϢ
ȥԲ˰벽ѩ

һ̤͸оǿԼˣҲܸоԼʼš
Ŀ£ֻҪУͻ˵ʧٶȣԶ
˽ò˶ãͻŴӶ䡣
սپĿһ
׵âйܳڵء
󵨿ͽҴ˵徲ŭǰӰǰһſеĳһͨƵļʸֲʱڼ⡣
~
һը죬һ̻ΪһֲĽɫ磬̼䵽˷ǰ
һ͵һӣռ䱻˺ѣɫҲϳء
һҲǲһͣٶ

ں֣߳оĮȻӶеĳǣʱ죬ƺǺĺˮ˹ŷӭͷѹ¡
צ˺˴󺣣
Ȼûȷһؼ䣬ͻȻ˰ѩƮѩǹĺɫǵĺ⣬źɫѩĽ٣˷֫ٺҪ
ɱ~
ŭУӰȻɱȫԸĹһʱ䣬ǳ׹䣬󺣿ݺᡣ
ÿһ˶ǿޱȣ󣬸ǿĲ˼顣
ʹǾط٣ҲɱҪԿ
ҹ
رȣɲǼ䣬Χ磬ѩһɨա
޴ѹһУɱӰ̱УźڶһУҲӲǱĻһ
ץס˻ᣬ֮צӶ˺˳ȥһѪۡ
߼䣬˻ӻֱӵĽ֡
ǿףǷĸо
ڱħƺÿһ˶ǾطʣǷʳڣǿĺѩʺͺںߣǰԭǾطʣ˵£Ҳ̤˾طʵľ磬ʱڱħƺǵʵֱȻǷڡ
Ҳ֪ѩôİط
ǿǰһ֣ȻҲûɱ㣬¿˵ǣؾڵǿߡѩʳǰĿĮ顣
Ҳ֪Ǵðģǵðߣɱ⡣
ɱ⡣
ɱ⡣
ߴ~
˰ںߣҲŭ𣬿гɱ
ɱңƾЩҶʧȥˣЦźѩȵǺѩĵۻʣϵĴڣھȻĵ˵߹ūѡ
ʧȥңǳ˵ΰĳ治ѩЦ
ҡҡͷѩʵȫˡ
Ǳħʴ̫ãҲܰѡ
ɣսڡ
¡~
ƿ׵£뺮ѩʵıѩ࿹⡣
ɱ~
׹ݺᣬ׵磬ߣʱѩڣ˶˵Էĸо
ٶȾƣûһܸϡ
Ҫ˦ȴҲ첻ѩʺͺںߵЧĲס
սһţֲĴйʱձѣµĴҲǳ޴Ѻۡ
⴦ԼǿĻǵս˲֮ܽ״
ģƶԷԽԽ
һаˣȻ۸ʵκһ֮ϣǰ֣ڷˣ˵ѩʺͺں߻ͬǿߡ
ϣҲǳһ˿ڣҪǣսĽУʵҲڻ½
ԶָԷ˵ͻʧ
޷ڶʱսʤ֣ʵ½Ļ
ˣܸо½ѩʸɱ
۾һȻӾ磬ѹ
ɱңǵɡ
䣬ʹǰ֡



1419 ˮʯ
ʲôһŻֽ
ƾһֽҲͬھ
ѩʵ˶ʱЦоǲмǿ;ĩ·£ʧķˡ
ڣѾʤȯգɱҲʱ⡣
Ȼϵļûʧͱ档
һ֣̾ͱ
һɫĸһâƵ飬ԣݻһĻĻֲ׵ĳ
áѩɫ䣬Ŀ־ӿͷҲľȥں߽˵ķӦһЩ
ǺѩʺͺںߵķӦٿ죬Ȼⲻ˱ϯ
鱬ɲǼϯһС
ɫĹԺɨȫ޾âУһֻ޴ĽƲ£һ˲˵صףһ˿ضɽҡһֻԶž޺ֱײһײɡ
޲ĹҲⲻˣڷųһ̣̾ʹ˻־ԵΣձˣȴҪ౶
ݻĳ÷ĿɿڴһεıͲͣͷҲصߣʱżʶ˿ֲ֮
Щݻĳɵд룬ľͼš
ϧȫʢ״̬򽫿ֲ޷ݡ૵飬ûлָ۷״̬ʱܣ൱ڷʺڵȫһ
ˣҲشڳĺܶˡ
ûһʼóҪЩ˵Ȼһ
Ҫ
׹⣬˱شĻᣬӶ֮צʹ˺˷ɻҡ
󣬷Ȼۣ޴Ȼ˺ѩʺͺںߡ
ĺ£ѩʸոӹһ٣Ȼûң͸оĪΣӺӽ
͵ػͷʱһ޴ƿն䵽ǰ
ơ
ѩʴһܳ˺ڶһУЮޱ߱ȻĹ£ԭˣʱִӭУ·磬ɳȥϣʱĽһƬ
ںҲûõȥʵȺѩʻҪһЩֱӱѪˡ
̼䣬ս־췭ظ
ųеķԼˣѩ̲סе
û뵽Ȼĵƣֱǿµ˼㣬벻ͨؾڣʲôʱð˿ֲ
~~
ɱУҲľ޴ʵ½٣ˣȻѩʺͺں߶ˣҲûв˼׹ߡ
׷
ѩʳ£̺ԥ׷ȻԷ˿־˼Ƕ˵ҳϺͲϧȴ׿˿־塣
ûߣѩʺͺںߵٶȣϷ
ܿ죬ǰһ޴ĺɫɽ壬Ĵ
Ƭ˳
ˣһƬܸӦѹꡣ
ӦĵʱҷӦӺɫɽУһӦŷ
ͬʱɫɽҲǺݺᣬˢȥĥꡣ
ƿ
ҵӶ֮צкոձ鶼ȡ˳صĺ˺ɫɽϡ
~
ڹը飬һͣᣬҲһеƴ
վܿɫɽϵĲǴ˵ɽϣ𽥸壬Ҫɳ
ԭһߵƣŷļ룬̷ת
ֻ磬򷨲֡
˵ֻ̹磬ͬʱ򷨲ֵ״̬ڲܶõ޵ֻȴ͵޹أʹá
򷨲·Ĺƽʱвڴߵƽ⡣
Уռɽ壬һӺɫɽѳ۲ǿʼڽڰˡ
󵨡
׷ĺѩʺͺں߿ѣһе׷Ҫֹ
ʱ
ͻȻ͵һݣоħڲϵĴ̼£һֲ޷ʶڻ
һ޴ĺڶںɫɽϷһͱǿ
ɫɽϵĲû˿ֵͱ˺ڶ
׷ĺѩʺͺںߴŭ׼ͻȻҽһӿеðڹ⣬ȸͶְ˺ڶʧ
ܿ죬ڶɢɢǺɢ˺ѩ硭
ֵĺɫȫһգǱ鲼Ǻħںѩأ֮ǰľӹһٵ˷׷׻ԹȥϷɳһڹ⡣
ˣޣľʯϣźڹɳȻڶ
飬ںѩ磬ͬڷǽߺš
ɢصջأжɵǿҵĿ־֮飬·һ֮ϵĿֲڻѡ
ΨһӰģǷûκħȻᱻա
ħҪˡ
ɫ䣬׼жʧȥȻΪһâڡ
~
ԴǱصĺһ£
䣬˷Ժʼ뷽Ȩ
ϵ˻˱仯ķţԺ˽ڣ뻯Ϊ꼤ս
ȫʢ״̬Ķ֣ڱħ󣬴ʱȻ˼㣬ǿķܿ¶˰ࡣ
գĽһץס˺ء
ⳡսЦһ̳˷Ժա
Ǳǰõļ䣬ҪĶ࣬Ҳӵ
ڼ䳤У·ǻ
ޱ޼ʵ磬ΣؼǿĴڣ顣
ڵ磬һΪ֪磬λؾ
һ죬ؾ˺ѣֲħ٣ɫҴңһس֦ԴΣ̺޷
֦ѵĵطǳʣƺոձض͵ߡ
λħ񲢷صˣ·ǵҪ뿪ʱˡ
ǽ֦ؾֵֻһ˲䣬Ͼͱħƾűܣ̾ʶǶ˵ǳҪĶҲ룬ħս
˵ħսֲ˼㣬˴ؾڵ磬ִؾ֮һС
˫ʵǲ£˭Ҳκβ˭Ȼħ
֮£ȡǻţɱͬʱ£Ҳش
֮Ĵսֱӻٵڵ磬Ϳ̿
һõĸ߼类״顣
ħˣò˯ָƣڻ֮ǰź֦ԶԶⱻá
ǽ֦ڻԵɺ£ںؾԴΪؾĿԿס
һƬϣԼٲ壬һؾ
ħ˳˯һԷ롣
ʱš
һħûѣȻȴʼܵתһ
Щɽ磬һ֣Ǹľֲħơ
ͬʱЩɵĵطҲ˽ء
ʼɵ磬Ϊħӵڣ磬ʼϢ
һЩħռϷ磬ǽһ˳ȥųԷţѪȵԴ
Ǵ󲿷ԱųǱħѹ磬ȴʱĥ𣬻ħѡ
һоôܱţֱؾ
ǸƬ
֪˶ã۾е𺳣
ǻųƬһĪϤС
Ǿǵ򡣡
Ȼ𣬿ǴһģһģǾǵ򡣡
ţԭˣԭˣһжżȻ
㱣õ䣬⿪˺ܶܶɻͲ⣬Ȼʡ
ԭؾڵ磬һһ֣ѹʮ֮һѹַһʼΪڵǵѹֵؾ֮߼ǧ˿Ƶϵ
ڿ԰ٷְٵĿ϶ʼ½γɵĻ֮ħɱĻţżĹϵܾԴ
֮Ĵڣδţǰ˵ªţûжټʶڵǣҲûҵƵļأ޵ʷϣûֹ
һʼյ߼ߵȵ֮ɱɵڰ˼֮ȫǻ֮Ĺ͡
뵽еĳǿֲĻţȻɱǿĲ˼顣
Ҫ˵֮ûйҲš
ˮʯˮʯЦ˵ĳ졣
󲿷ɻǱ⿪ȻһЩȻڡ
ħǽ֦ȵȡ
ЩµȥħС
ħ񡣡
뵽ɫٱ䡣


1420 ħ
Ϊ⿪ɻ˷ܣΪǰΣüޣΣ
ӵļоѹǺͺѩľ˱仯ޱʶһʵ
ħ񣬼ѡ
˵֮ǰǲ²Ļôڽ󣬷ܰٷְٵĿ϶ɱħѡ
ѵԭ򣬳˷Ĵ̼⣬ҲΪĳ˯УƵõ˻ָ
֪ħûȫָȫʢʱڵĶ
һ㶼Ҫ
ΪħǲˣʵǴ˵ʥһκ֮ϣʹʮطǰϣˣؾڣûĶ֣ܻٵڶ磬ӡ
ô죬ô죿
ôһֲ޷Ķ֣Ҫ˵һ㲻ţǲܵģԶԶ޵ϴڡ
쳣Ͼ
ӣߵģ˵ڻûֿռѷʱڣʹ뿪ѩ磬Ҫħȫǰӵ磬Ȼ뿪ؾǲʵġ
ܸоò˶ãħͻ᳹׵ѣôʱ䣬Զߡ
һħѣ˵ĩա
鷳ǣ˻ħ񻹲мȥɱǷȴΣ㲻ˡ
ħڽ˯ǰǽ֦ͻ߶Ҫ֮ǰħսĵ߸ɱĳɱ
Կ϶ħѺҪĵһ¾һػź֦
Ȼһڲ˴磬һͷǧ˿Ƶϵˣ׵ģ϶ᱻħϣʱȴ³֪
···һֲܻصؽȥҪھǣƴˡ
뵽˵â
ûκˣô·һΨһƴﲢûŤתƵĶ
شڳ˯ѾһĺתǣӦûûȫáԿ϶һ㣬ΪħĴ̼ѵģȻתڵ϶ȫʢ״̬
ҵĻᣬҵȻʦҵı֮һ󻼡
Ψһڡ
֪ԼģΪħڵ״̬ΣȫԼƲ⣬ƲĻûܽħһɱôľ
ǣҲȷʵûбѡˡ
뵽ҪħһĴڶ֣ҲѰ
~
~
ڷ¶ģħƴʱӺ󷽴
ѩʺͺں
Ǹо˼㣬ӸǱƵģʹѣĺģ֮ǰһС
ΪʲôһǸӣĳΪ˱˵ū
ҵ׸ʲô£
ѩʻħ˹Ǳڼ䷢һУޱȵûбǡ
뵽ԼϴԣΪ˵ūΪԷȥѩʾǲ
һߣںҲǾ
ˣջȫһ
㡣ѩһ̾뵽˻ǰԼ飬æվ˵ᣬһᣬ֮ǰǱƣȫɼ鲢ǳǱ⡣
Ըһ𣬸ɵǸǾԲǵˡ
һ˵ţѩһ߲쿴״̬Ѹٳ˹ȵס
ڵ״ֱ̬⵽˼㣬ħ룬˵˺ѩʵĸʱȵˣǱԭͣӾطʵľе䡣
᣿ЦĿֱӺѩʣŲţʹûбƣҲǵˡ
ôܡѩǿЦһ뷽ֵ뷨ûУҲҡ
һ϶飬Ҳû˷ѿֱ࣬˵˴𰸣ҾǷ

ѩʵͫȻһôû뵽ҲԲ֣ʶҪţȻϸĿĿѩʵȴ𽥱䡣
Ȼۣĸ죬濴ĻܿӰ
桭㡣ѩ͵һ˾κˡ
ôû뵽µĵ˾ȻǷ
һ֪£˺ѩ磬һӵ˿µʵã
֮ûнⲻĳޡһѩʳͼ뷽֮Ķӹϵ
ЩԹȥ˵ɡû뺮ѩֵ˼˫֮䣬ûκֵĻ
˵꣬û뺮ѩʷϻȥ׹ҫ˲䱬һ׹˺ѩϡ
ʵطĺѩҽжûУͱֱӺ˷ɻҡ
һطʣʹ䡣
󣬷«ںҲɱܴڵϾħƹδûзˮĿܣؼʱ̣һµĻǾٲˡ



1421 ۷
¡¡
ħѣ緢˾޴ֱ䡣
磬ڱǰͨĴ磬֮ô죬Ϊħ͸֧ţάȶħ룬Եĺ
ǺзɳľǴؿѣɽĳ
ҲܸӦѩıԴڷʧʹúѩȼҲԼٶ½
ȵħ׳룬³ǱԭΣǳ׵ıӭսᡣ
ΪħͳĻͬǷݵļһߣҲƱػᵹ
һ΢΢̾Ϣ
Ȳ磬ħĻؾ綼Ჽǵĺ󳾡
Ҫģҵħ

̧ͷܸоһֲ׵ʶڻѣƺ޴ڣ޷ȷλá
ħѣؾڣǻԹȥģѹˣǾ
Ŀ־ӿÿһ˵ͷһִͷĸо
ؾ磬ҳһš
꣬~
ͻȻ
гѺۣǱƴľӣһѿմĿģޱȵĺڰЩռѷ棬ǿ
ģЩĿռ䡣
~
һռ飬ȻͶ˺ĺڰ֮Уתʧ
̥Ĥˣɴ۾ȱյģǺѩ̥Ĥ
ȵڵ̥Ĥպ󣬺ѩıʱ١
һɽεضͶĺڰУһʯͷ˴󺣣ûκεĲ
¡~
ҵĻζУһӴĴ½ͻȻҲ׵յϢ
ǡѵ˵ħ֮˯һںѩĿֲڰһϤĸо
ؾڵڶ磬ûж˸֮⣬ΪľأܻŻ
뵽ԥ˶ʱ˺ѩ֮⡣
Ŀȥ۾ʱ
վڷԿԣ뷽ĺѩһ𣬶
棬һӴ磬ͷ
Ȼ֮䣬ȴһƬޱ޼ʵĺڰռ䣬ʱƬڰռǻһ㣬ֳһ޴ޱȵС
Ӵ˼㣬Ҫϲ١
ʱӺڰУ˿ֲ׵Χ׵壬ȱ̥Ĥ綼޷лֽ⣬ڰսȥ
磬ҲܵӰ죬̥ĤϳѺۡ
ֻҪ类գͻֵǣ֪ؾڵ磬ںڰеĿֲб׵գȫٵ

оĿȥʱںڰе룬һӴӰڰյһУ֣ע뵽ǸӰ档
ħʶҲ֮ԽԽǿҡ
̾ܿ϶ڰӰԾǽ˯ħ
û뵽Ȼܹ磬ΪԼ˹Щɽ磬ħʳ
Ѻ磬¾ָܻ۷״̬
оħԽԽǿҵϢҵȥؾڵ类գָƵĻɱҲɱˡ
ӽһľ롣Ӱڡ
ɱﵣû˵ʹþ룬ħһ֮ԶΪԷһȷɱòĽӽ
ϾɱҲʹһΣʧ
˾󣬷ٿڰеͶС
ڰ֮󣬷̾͸о˷˺ܷ·ǳ΢ͺڶƴԼһС
ڵԻٶš
ģоЩԽ룬ڰеԽڵʧٶҲľˣٶȥĻԳŲӽħ
ĵԶʹͷųҲάֲ˶á
ȥУǿҵʵ૵
ˣѰұ塣
ϣ궼磬ֻмڱ磬ԺԲƣ壬Ӧþʵӽ㹻ľ롣
ܿ죬⡣
ѩ壬඼ˣߺͷǽ壬ȴûС
ڵħ룬Ҫ壬Ҳࡣ
˷򣬷ߺ硣
ڻûڰ̫࣬ΧȻǿ󣬿ʵ㹻⣬ںڰΧж
ͼܸӦλãҲ÷չס
ûһᣬ͸Ӧ˱ķλ
ȵȣﻹǺѩķΧ֪ˣѹ塣һ˼׹
ѩߴأֻȥǺ
û壬ȴǲö֪뵽ںѩ䣬ߴضУҲĿҲǼߡ
ϵ˷תص˺ѩ硣
ʵںѩʱҲû⣬ħȥΣԼĽ͡
ԷʵغУʱȻ˵ò˶ãҵ˱壬գֱϵͼ֮һĲֱʵҲõ˲С
ڰеľʵԵ
Ƿǽߺ硣ʱʱţħԽԽǿ˷ʱ䣬ͣĸߺ硣
ʱķֽһӾ磬Ȼнӽһ类ڰС

ڷϵߺʱ򣬴ӲԶĺڰд˺
һۣջĿ⡣
ȲЩˡ
ֽ⣬ȻҲӲˡ
ʵ㣬ڱڰеʱˣܻźȵģ޲ط߰ط
ߺͷǽǿߣûкѩĴ٣Ǻܶ˶ţֻУҲûʲôֻǶһ
Ӳĳߺ硣
ԭߺģǲ뺮ѩıѩƣԼĵطö֪ǰߺȴ鲻ɹۡ
˳ͼֱָӴߺĽУ塣
ȷߺͼϳ֮ĲֱͬʱڽԽѵԽ󣬽˷ʺڡ
ֻѹߺһ꣬ȴܿˡ
ûб̫ǿ󣬲ǷյģҪʱ䣬ʵҲûжӰ졣
ţ
صڰУͻȻĿһںڰнһŭţҪӳȻ𽥼ǿĺڰ£ȴһı
ǣߺľطʣ
ǷУãʵҲǿģֻϧںڰǰͽ޹
ȫʢ״̬Ļ˵ʱĻᣬʵ󲿷ֶħħջȻ⵽شʹʵ󽵡
ǷӦҲˡ
ҡҡͷתǽ磬壬ӷǽ󣬷ֱϵͼȻǹһƬֻмһš
ʵҲ֮µľ硣



1422 ɱ
۷塣
ѾǼˡ
ӿŵİǿҵġ
꣬һֱڣħб÷ӵз۷ʵȻǼΪ˲ˡ
ңϾ࣬
Ȼһĸ죬ָ챾Ͳף޷÷׵ķӳڷʵ̤ʮطۡ
ˣǲУ˵ˣҲûʲôñԹġ
ƽһ޷˵Ͷ˺ڰ֮Уٷȥ
˷ӿ˺ŷ
ǰǰ
߾ܣܿ롣
źڰеɣƴȫǰš
ԽڰһľʱܴѾ֮ɿţո̤ûõķ۷徳磬
~
һڵʧٶȻӿ죬ʱףȻӷ۷ľ䡣
鲻䣬Ŀᶨơ
ǰ
ʺڡ
ǰ
ڡ
ʳڡ
ڣڵ̰ͬӿʧٶԶ֮ǰζţط
Խ룬ڰеԽǿ󣬷ʵԽʧҲԽ졣
䵽ط󣬷ʵ½ٶȣͬɽһ㣬̼һкǧ
ĿʧҲǷű仯һƬƬ۴䵭ʧ𽥻ָԭ״е𽥼
ƽʱı仯ֻϲȻʱȴ֮֡
䡣
쳹յıͻȻ֣Ȼͷʱ糹׵ķֽ⣬类ֳ飬˺ڰС
ǳ˴ҩ㣬ħѵٶȻӿ죬ƺǸоΣգڼӿѺͻָٶȡ
ӺڰУǿ׵
⣬һͻȻźڰͶ˹ԽԽԽԽС
գͶ˺ڰ֮У˲䱻ɵ
磬ںڰе£ʹħʶԼٶѡ
еķȻҲӲ
ںڰбһ̣ڵͱմָԭģķͷųĵҲһա
һڱɵĸо֪ⲻǴ
ɵĻһͻᱻɵ
ʱûܹ࿿ħ񣬾һ½ľ룬ǷѾȲȥˡ
΢һɫʯһ⡣
ӡʯ
ûκԥסӡʯ⡣

ؽ硣
ڵǵ˵һûκ
ͻȻ
һ쳹ء
˶Ȼ̧ͷʱһ˺˲񷡣
أֹͣתֻǴޱȵ⡣

񣬴ӵǵĴ¶
УΨһӰĵʧķ¶һ˿ɫ
ܱȷĵƣΣ֮󣬿֪

ʦ˵һű꣬һͻἤ
ǣǾؽԶؾܼʱ
ƺ󣬷Ժ︡ͷ
֪һ̣Լͻᱻڰ˴ĳɡ
ڷ׼ٻֻ̨һʱ
~
ؾӲ˺ѣһݿɲǼ䣬ؾ綼֡
ؾ塣
һжͣ·ʩʱֹͣȴףΪױȵѹͣһС
ĺڰУҲ֮ͣ͡
һӷϸָж
~
ŭ𣬴Ӻڰ룬һӴӰվͷۣ˫ᣬͬǶصħ
Ĵ̼£ħڳѡ
ħŴɵ˻ûȫֺϣħûг׵ĸԭڹؼʱ̱ϡ
ܽħɱ𣿡̲ס
ħŭʹ£ڰٶȻתĿ£޷
ȻȴΡȻ
ؾͻȻʼ£ƺȷҪĿꡣ
ħϿգۣ棬ֳһϵӰִһɢܵ磬졣
Ӱִ»
ޱ޼ʵ⽵䣬û˺ڰУûħ񡭡
ŭʵĺУħԽԽգ׵



1423 ջ
ǰɱ˴˵ħڵؽĴ£ûмֶãͳ׵Ļҷ
ħ䣬Ǹ˼ΪĺڰУҲѸ߽ʧѩɢȥ
治ѹؽ
ĳüɫ衣
ǰһĻ̫𺳣Īĳ
ħ񵽵жǿõķǿڶʱڣؾڵڶ磬һеĿֲڡ
Ȼڵؽĳʱմ£ȴûκηء
֮󣬽־Ѿע
̫ˣƾʥҲǰ𺳵˼㡣
ȻҲô׾ɱħΪԷˣûȫָԵʣǿҲɴ˿ɼһߡ
磬ǲڻ£Ĵڡ
ɱħҲ֮ʧ
ͷȥеӡʯУΪűȻ
Ȼõռı֮ûаۡ
õĻľˡ
侲󣬷ٺؾ硣
ħɱˣؾ˺ȴҲǳĴǿ糹ױħɣҲͲ˵ˡ
Ĵ󲿷磬Ȼ类³ںڰеĿֲ£Ҳ⵽ش
һƽ٣
ҡҡͷûԼؾԭ򣬹ؾܣȻ֪Ҫģؾ塣
ųϵ壬ؾֻۣʣ¼һ֣˱Է˵Ҳʲô¡
ǰؾ֮ħ˯ĵطóȻ뿪ˣ϶ᱻתĺڰɣԲŻΪأҲ˶̸֮֮ɫ䡣
Ҫȥ磬ֻͨڳֵĿռѷ졣
ڣǲô鷳
ڸ֮䣬˳ͼָܿͽһҵͼʱ
ұϣͼתӵʵ֡
ؾˣꡣ
ؾ֮еջԤϣҲû뵽ҵ꣬»صڰڵĵطߺͷǽλá
磬ȻʧʲôûǵλϣȴӰš
֪Ǿꡣ
Ҳҿֵ磬ٳһЩԺڰбĿֲҲסڰеĻӲ˱ĥ³
ڣͬܵ˺ڰеĲȻǿ֧סûбɵҲ˼㡣
ڿ԰ˡ
¶ϲ֮ɫ֮ϲ
ߺ磬Ƿǽ磬ûκ⣬Ҳǳɹգںѩյ꣬ʱڣγȴոµꡣ
һ̡
һɾھ֮ϣĿֲƣɢ
㱼䣬˴·𿴵ʥ٣ָоޱȵʵ
ߵĵرߵĵرֹĿһգգĿ
ߵĵر
ޱȿ϶һ㡣
ֻǡ
ߵĵر֮ȴûߵĵر֮֮Ӽ˷侲ܿͿʵ
ȷʵߵĵرȽֻǣڵǺľ׵ڡ
ҪԼָܴ߳۷塣
൱ǰĲ˴磬ֻҪȲ˴ҪָѶҲԽ󡣡
˵ֻһ£ǻ¡
ʶ״̬󣬷ܺá
ĳɳ·̫ٻȻͬģ辶ڵȽȴﵽߵȣȻ̫ٻȴȻ۷״̬£ͻƵߵȣ߸ӣѶҲͬ
ڵĵ޾磬Ҳֻʹð켶ĵر
Ļߵĵرòˣֻܸɵۡ
ֻҪָӦĲΣʹá
ŵߵȵıʣʵȴǰ켶ĵرǿ󵽺̶ֳȣ붼ڴѡ
εؾ֮Уջ֮󣬻ǳ񰡡
̲סп
ջ񣬳֮⣬ջһؾ
ħһؾ綼ɣ˵ؾ޶֣ϱƿصڣؾʣ˷ϵؾ֮
̫Ҳһջ̫ٻ
Ȩ֣ȻԼĴ۲Сջ֮ȴԶʧ



1424 
ؾָƽ
ħʼʱֿµ磬ʱһ⣬ٵܵˡ
ؿѣɽҲгѺۣ鲼ʡ
˶оĩ١
ȵǴӿ־侲ľľգ֮ʱǶʱˡ
ÿһĵȼ̥ͬĤǿҲһһ磬һЩˣƿ̥Ĥ֮⣬ֻΪڰеĴڣó˻϶ˣסˡ
ǣǲŷ֣֮ûκΣա
ԽԽˣ߳磬ҪŪǰĩհĿֲôһ¡
ûȥЩˡ
ؾǺ֮Ӵ磬Ҫڵ磬λãҪʱտǲ١
Ӵڷ󣬻ָƺ״̬
ͻȻ
һٽ缲ɶķλıȽϽâڸٷһͻȻֳͣһ
ӿǿϢȻһλطؾڣһĴڣȻʱϵ飬ȴʧǡ
ôôߺأߺôˣȥһãȻ
ģƵġ
Ȼǵһ֮⣬ȷߺӦþλãȻһӴޱȵȴƾʧ޷Ҳⲻˡ
ߺ磬Ҳûз֣뺮ѩ硢ǽӦϵ硣
ףʲô֮ǰĩճʶ˲õĴ¼ˡ
ţˣĿһɨӺܿ췢µķԥ£ʱı䷽򣬳ŷϣܴӷϢ
ȻӾǣڽӽ뷽һξʱǰǳһǽڣôŬҲ޷벽
Ӵһ׹ʵԶĴڡ
㣬ǷĿϸĴŷͻȻɫһ䣬ϳ
Ĵ󣬷ǱĿᱻϳҲ֡
ȴûоϲǾ֡
Ҳţ֪ʵԶ֮ϣܽɱ
һҶΨַָɵԼнп಻֪ɷҲԼͲˣȻȴûкҩɳԡ
ҲĳӦˣǡ״̬£޷ǰ벽Ҳκβе˼
һһվ˿
½˴Ӹɳλ÷һƬУӴޱȵۣҲЩʧޱȵ˶Ͳӵĺ󳾡
ˣȫط
û뵽Ȼ©֮㡣۾ǰˣǵľٶܿ磬ʵϣܳΪطˣҲȫڡ
;ֻڲ©֮󣬾ͼά̬Է
ģһˡ
ˣϲǰ˷׷ͶӵĿ⡣
ããҲš΢΢ͷ¶һ˿Цݡ
ؾƺֻںѩ磬ûӹһ١
ȴǶڵͼУ缫ΪңԶδû̫ܵӰ죬ȻҲǰȻ
ٵ죬ȷؾڣлط󣬷
ʱǰطʮˡ
֪ʲôҲԸǡĿɨˣ򵥵˵ǣ𣬲ڡ
ʲô
˶ʱ¶Ī顣
Լ࣬µĽһ£ؾڵ飬ǰ˵Ĳ֣û
ʵԽܣʵϾʵĵףʵѾˡ
ϾĴ٣ĩհĳܸġ
Ȼӹһ٣Ҳã˳°ɡһ仰ʮձࡣ
ǡһӦ
ԥ£Ҳ׷״Ӧ
Ҳûбѡ񣬱ձ࣬Ҳһ£ֻһλҪǰǿ౶
Щ֮ӹһأΪڱ磬ԭǿȴһ
ڵĵλҲߣȫǱżıԵҲǺܿʵͶ뷽¡
һЩš
֮ʮؾʱ򣬹ߵ磬ǵʵ㹻ʤΡ
⴦ؾڶʱڣδõϣǽ϶֮ء
ϣ̫ҡ
ͣһӣȵؾ󣬷뿪
ⷬڸ涼ŲСĽҲҪΪת׼ˡ



1425 
˴硣
ȥ˵˳ƿؾһݡлѩŮվľԣһ߹ۿһ߽Լؾðվ˵Ů
ؾǵ򸽽Ǹؾڱƿغ󣬷ָĳؾҲΪ˼
ŷĽ֪ûΣգҲľĶǣʱΪġ
⻹ǷΣյ
ܵ˵εؾ֮ջ񼫴ûаһˡ
Ȼƿؾڶ࣬ǿ֮߳ûѹסձˣǴңʱ
˵
õİţȻɳȥӹؾǵǿ̫٣Ҳֻ˶Ρ
ֻҪû£Ҳõؾʲô⡣
ûʲôлѩһۣŵĵʵʲôʱصؽ磿
Ůжż
֪λҪĿǽǱߵˣ˵ܿͻصؽ硣
ҡҡͷһȵתٻȥİɣкܳһʱ䣬Ҷ
ʵﵽطʵĲκ󣬷Żصؽ硣
ԣҪ̤һ磬ת
淨ƿظǿĵرֻ÷޽ӽطʣԿԽһ󾳽磬ңڶ淨кܴһݣҲҪתʹõĳ
Ů࣬Ҳϣܶ໨ʱǡ
ԣŮϲɫ

תûôװϾѾתķ룬·
һƧĴ½ϣϥ˼·
תֻأʵѾڳ̽࣬תҲǿסΪڶĵޣҪôͣǰҪô䡣
תʼܣҪѹء
һѹأ֮ļޡ
ڶѹأ֮ĥϡ
ѹأԸ߲١
ţӵյ֪ʶÿһתĵޣҪӵġ
ȣ֮ļޣյ֮ȼԽͣԽںϣﵽޣʹúҪǧѣΪѾﵽ֮ļޣҪһͱ֮Ǿһ
ʥǾתҲм޵⣬Կӡ
ҲǷƣԱ˵ѹأסˣ˵ȴڡ
ڵڶؿ֪֮֮壬ǽȻͬģʹǰĵ޾ҪĥҲףǰܣԱȽϼ򵥣ⷽûб¶ǴתʼͲһˡ
֮ûг׵ĥϣ覴ãôתʱͻᱩ¶
ҪҲܼ򵥣ֻҪѹͷ߳ĥΪһ壬ԲȱҲ
Ե˵ʵǱġ
ؾ֮Уѹ£ܸо֮ĥϳ̶Ѿ覣ֻҪ㹻֮ܿʼת
ǣһؿҲΣյһء
У֮Իʧ䣬Ϊؿ
Ը߲١
߲֮籾ԴԽ󣬾ԽıʣȻķˣٽɱͼȡԴˡ
תʼٽתΪֹΪ١
ǳ䣬޲ɱµĳȵ˾ת綼пܽΰʱ߲ͨڵĴ˵ǰ
Щ٣Ҳǵ֮󣬱Եġ
˵߲ǲģôǵ֮֮ںϣȷʵڲĵ·ϡ૵
Ҫ׼Ӧ١
Էڷ۷ʵҲûжİա
ӣŮϾҲǷ׼ϡ
̫ٻڷع󲻾ãһ˿̫𣬳ɹ˰켶
󣬷Ҫ˻ָϡ
˵ǣĵȽװȱٵĽҪָҪĺܼ򵥣طͨԴ֮ñԴָ֮
ȫҪģԴ֮࣬ʧӰ쵽ܡ
Ȼҵǣܿ췢֣ҪָҪ֮࣬һޱȵ֡



1426 ʮ
һŵĿɿڴ֡
̫ٻֻҪһֱԴ֮ǵҲǼ࣬ȻָҪȣȴǾţһë
һĵرһȽȵӴգȴʯ󺣣ûаЧ
ҪȫָҪ֮ǺӴ
ǲ۲۵ĳܴ󻧡
º
ǰŻֵʱֶߵĵرһ֮ϵܣȻ
£ȡԴ֮գ˳׵һЩҲΪãϣܣʧ૵
ڵոճʱźܴ
ؾʱһտǣƣʵϣȴûκҲ޷÷ʹá
ֱڣָܻӦҲ÷ʹ
żڴһĵرȡǵϺʱޡ
~
ܣƾճһռѺۣɡ
һĵرܡ
ĵرܡ

ĵرܡ
Խȣһ켶ܡ

ϵĲȥͨ˴˼ײΡ
ǰĵرһȫܣһֱȡһ켶ĵرһ󣬲ǿΧĿռѷ
켶𣬶һУȫ޵УҲֻ켶ѹ
óһۺ󣬷ɵһ
ո˳׵ʹ˵Ȼµ̶ֳȣ治ߵĵر
ڱĵر˵׶Σ൱һĵرˣȫûȡ
ȻյıԴ֮ҲԶǰߡ
µģǸոջָ൱켶𣬶Աĵرѹƣȫ
ϵĳУҲע⵽һ
Ҫ֪ʹͬһĵرҲž޴Ĳ࣬Խĵرǵͬ޵УԽսҲżʡ
켶ĵرУս켶ģһЩ
ȻǰЩĵرΣҲ켶𣬻켶ߣǵжô죬һӣֻµײֻҪ켶𣬾ͻᱻܣûκνҿԡ
Ե޵а
𺳣ߵĵرǰκûãֻҲߵĵرļ𣬲ŻЧ
˵ߵĵرµĵط֮һЩȷ
ͷҲֻһߵĵرڵģҲǲ²һ޷϶
ڻָߵ֮ǰǾԵͬ޵УȫǱҲһ
֮⣬ƣĽûκƿǲǽǻָˡ
Щп
Щƣڱĵر˵ҪƣʹطҲ˵ĵرǰģʮ켶Խߵĵرһ޴ǵء
磬ܽΪߵĵرģҲĳ
ڵƿؾšʮĵرĵޣǱʵҲǾطʺʮطۣ֮ϡ
ͬ޵㹻ˣԣȻָɡ˾
̫ٻҲսΪطıԴ֮ȫ档
ʱš
һתۣ͹ȥʮꡣ
ʮָ⣬Ҳ󲿷־طֻϡ
֮УǰŵƸ֣γһͼ
ͻȻ
һ˼ƱƮеһʯƬϣʱâ㡣
طͨıԴ֮γɵͨӲԶ֮ǰıԴ֮ӿطעڣҲǳ˴ҩ㣬ӿϢ淢ǿ
ˡطϸոγɵǸʮƱ
ÿһƣͨԴ֮ͨͻᱻ٣طҲıԴ֮ࡣ
ڷɳǵĻʮȻ֮
ٶȣǾס
ԼѣҲ»İ£˾˵ĳɹԽƾԽҪʱҲԽࡣ
ЧԽԽˣ۳ƣҪһʮ꣬ǵ߸ƣʮ꣬ڰ˸ƣҪƣطĵڶ㣬Ҫǧꡭ
ڱ˵ٶĲУֻϲ񣬵Ƿȴ⡣
֮ѶȻô󣬳˺ȷʵԽԽѣ̫Եʣԭ򣬻Լľûϡ
תٻعͷطĻԻ°빦Ǽʮ
ʱȥתˡһطڵ
ʮԴԴͣձԴ֮ÿʱÿ̶ڻָš
ʱҲѾ˷ƿصļޡ
ټָĻʹòˡ
ط󣬷һʱص˲˴ļС
죬ʲôûɣŮԼ顣

һ׼ķǱŮͨĵŻͽ߲硣

Ԫǣԡ
ڵ绹ְ콾𣬸ָźճ궼ѵһһλӵп
ǰǧʢϣЩ̨콾һǴŹʣ¹ҫ޼ׯһպգĪʹЩĵ棬ҲŲ콾֡һλҲ
Ԫǵ˲࣬ҲǱȽϿУʱš
ǵһϵҲ𾪵콾ճЩ콾֮䣬ŻϾͷ
˵¹ҫڴĳ½磬ĥɨһһ
ǰ¹ҫڿǷͷ޼ׯ޷ȣǴеѪľ콾ĳɾͲ
¹ҫˣ֪ǧʢĵһ˷ǿ˺̶ֳȡڴ
¹ҫ˵Ĺˣȴǵ͵ޱȣһֱûκϢ˭Ҳ֪ȥ˺δ
ߡһλǺһЦ¹ҫȡ
ڳ¹ҫǣתԲˣһת
أ
ʮһζûԪǣҲûȥԪǣûô֮գڵľ磬תԲ٣ͱ¹ҫǳˡ
˵ǧʢǶǻԵɺϰˣδǰ;Զ¹ҫǡλм
ǵݣȴ޴֪ʥϢ
ҲǸֵ֧ˡ
ƨûδǰ;ΪʲôΪͽ̷
⡭һλʱſڽ࣬˵
ѵ˵ۣһӣҲ˵󲻾Ļ
ǲ¹ҫǡ
䣬ͻȻϹâӿʱһ֪࣬˴͹ֹͣ
âܿɢȥһŲӴ߳
㡭
òλʱĿɿڴ



1427 ӿ
ЩƳ߹

ֱԶ֮Żعû뵽˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵
Һ֮ǰ̸û뷽϶Բ˶ߡ
ˡ
Ϣܿ;Ԫǵˣ磬ܹעĳ̶ȣԶκһˡ
ʮ𼣣һ֣˵Ŀ⡣
λܿ췢֣ԭеĴͻȻķæ˴Ͷ
⻹кܴһˣûͨ˴ǴӱĴ
ʶܷڵʵȲȵϳ¹ҫˣӰȴԶǳ¹ҫܱȵġ
ϣâӿš
¹ҫһһսĳ¹ҫӴ߳
ǳԾǣеؽĵޣĵޣбϵǿߣҲϵԪǣǼ亱
һУΪĳ֡


Ѿˡ
ӣƺ׼֮ʦ֣ڵľ磬Զ㰡
һҡȣЦŶһԵĳ¹ҫ˵ϹŲΪȻ΢Ц
Һ֣Ϊʲôȵڲ֮Щڸʲô¹ҫɻ
벻ס
תյ˵ҲӦøĴﵽתԲмûжѶȣ˷ڲ֮ⲻ⡣
ҲûʲôֵģϾ޷ͳʦȡ겻
¹ҫһۣȴû˵ʥʵԷûȥ̨ϵǵķȻ֪
¹ҫһ˹
ţ޼
¹ҫ˴˸к̨Ǿ֣޼ϧڳ¹ҫ
Ҳˡ
ٺ٣ʧʮ֣ȻҪʲô޼һЦׯȥˣȻҲ
˵ǧѷĻᣬǻһΡ˵ţ޼˷
¹ҫĬȴûз
ʦ֣ôԽԽͿⷽѵǴӴ˱ԶԶ˦ô˵ģӮף̲סʵ
޼һ¹ҫͶһ׳˭
жٰգ¹ҫû
ȷʵ׼תԲĻɵİա޼ʮھǰͽתԲһֱΪת׼ȻĺԶʱ䣬ֲҺͷĲࡣ
أһһתԲӦøɡ
¹ҫȭͷұʤɡ
ûнڵľԣȻãɴԼ״̬׼뷽ս
Ҫ״̬ȥ֮أ½ǣΣ޼˵ϴν֮أһ嵽ʮأȥƵļ¼𣿡
á¹ҫ̴Ӧ
ǶȥҪͨƵ֮صļ¼ʤ
ʥϷҪʲôĵط䣬һλԼõ
Ÿָ˼˶С
ڷʮĵһι࣬ǶǼΪע
ȴҲû˸Ρ

ı仯һŲ֪ȫĵͶ뵽֮У߼ߵȵ֮˷ԴԴϵĽ뷽ڡ
ľ粻š
ڣĵ֮γɵĽУҲԽԽӴ
ԶԶڵľ֮ǵ߼ûɱ䵽ڰ˼
ͨͽ쾳֮ɱ䵽ڰ˼Ŵﵽ۷塣
ڣҲþĵ֮ɱ䵽ڰ˼ܽľ۷壬Ϊתû
¡¡~
ԽԽ֮ӿ뷽ڣ߲ܣᵣĳܲס⡣
ڵط֮ԽԽ٣ҲǱ÷λĸȥ
ʵԭǹȥĵط֮ٺȴִ֮ٿ񱩣ٶȸӾˡ
ô£
ĺˮˣˮλ½
Եˣܿע⵽ľ˱仯
˶Ŀɿڴ
Ҫ֪ľ޾֮۶ɵģЩ֮ûαյ٣Ͼµ֮ϡ
Ǵ񷴹䣬ע뵽Ӵٲõ֤
֮˲٣ǴûУĺˮٵ֡
жͬʱ֮˶Ǿޱȡ
ѵ˵Ƿ֪ʥˣȴϲµˣľ˱仯ͷйء
֮Ȼ࣬߼Ҳǵ߼ߵȣ͵ڰ˼֮Զ
СӡһЩĿĪ⡣
ʱţĺˮԽԽ٣ڱԵλã𽥸ɺԣ¶˺
Ѿ𾪵˵
ɿݣ
˵ǿ϶ΪǸЦȻǰһУȴսǵ֪
ʱ˴зɳܵӰ죬޷ټȥġ

Уûгģֻзһˣʱ޶۵ˣʶľ˱仯ڷϡ
ǺǺǣġһȥʮĸߴ¶Цݡ
վ˿ֲ׵ѹ
Ķӣ塣
ɲﰡǰ̤ʮطۡ
˶ϳˣǵĵڶλ״ӣ̷׷
Աߣһµ˪Ҳһ𾪡
治ʥͬ졣˪̾Ϣ
ԪǣӵϢ󣬵ȻӲܣĵҲĻ˱ʵ
ֹ˼졣
ףˣָĳɲĺ
ǣĺˮɺԣ¶˺ȴʧ
Ӧȥ˸ɡ˻ش
Щأǵ񷴹Ӵٲ
޴ٲ޾֮ȻҲΣյĵطƶ󣬷֮ڵõ㡣
Ȼ޾ٲˮգɺԵԽԽ죬ٲҲЩϡ
Ƚײƣ÷Խһޡ
ڡ
˲֪ٵ߼֮󣬷ڵľ֮ڷɱ䡣
ĵ֮ɱ˴ĺڰڷڣеǰδеİƽ͡
ǣڰ˼֮
߲֮һ̣ڴﵽƽ⡣
̤ľ۷ͬʱŴڽľͳʹâȻǱע
׹Ϊ֮ļ㣬޷֮ƽ⣬ĳš
ֲ׵Ϣʹâɢݣž֮ɱɣһâ͸



1428 ų
ǡ
оʹâı仯һ͸Ļâо
ȥؾ֮ǰ룬ڣһâ뵽ħɱĻš
Ϊǽļ䣬ԷԵǾ춯صһսޱȵͬǿֲ׵ĻŸǼ¡
Щ͸Ļâ˵ǻһޡ
̽ȥ棬ʱֹͣͣͣתĺ˸о˼άͣ
־ϲ
²⣬ȴûб֤֮϶Ͼ滹кܶԼڡ
÷ϲǣԼĲ²Լǵ˲õĳﰡ
ʹһʥ˵ǰҲɱᡣ
ҲڵʵԶԶûʹʸ
ħʹŵʱ򣬶ޱȳˣΪʥ֮ǰ¸ûʹĿܡ
ǰâûг֣ʹâҲǲ׶Ϊһã³
Ҳһ
ӵΣգһõĻ
ʱֻͬھˡԳһЦȴǷǳĺá
ʱòˣԺҲòˡ
ʥֻҪ;䣬ضΪʥʱĳɱ

ˡ
ɹ̤˶ľ۷壬תԲΪת׼ˣ֪׼ꣿ
ΣҲ䵽¹ҫǺˣ¹ҫǱȷʮ꣬޼ׯ˾꣬˵궼뷽еľ콾̨ϣ˶Ҫǿһȴˣ֪θ롣
˵Щ޵ĳ⡣
÷ĴڣȻЩ˶ǲ֪ϸˣŻô˵
룬ʲô룿
֪ϸЦڵǵķҲ˵ֻЦ
Ǻκθ룬Ӳκεʧ䣬ʡ
ó¹ҫ뷽ȣ尡һλ
¹ҫǣһʱǵǵתתʱ򣬿꣬ǧ궼޷ǰһƵ׷ȴɳǣɾʥ
δĳɾͣȫһ죬һأҲ˿߿ɱԡ
Щôô졭
˶ɫŹ֣ͻȻƵĻ̨ϵʱ򣬷ɨķοʧԼͷɣڣȴǷ˹һ޳ĸо
Ҫˡ¹ҫսܣӦ֮Ҿͻս
޼һҲǵ˵ͷ
Ѿȥ֮أһ⣬˷ļ¼޼һʮأ¹ҫʮ߹أȫ˷
֪ļ¼ոתʱµģԶûʱ۷壬ǵһγҲĴǡ
¹ҫ;޼ĴؽҲǽԪǷͷĴ£һѹඥĵޣҲǱʥͷ
ʱ˶³˵ĿģƵƵ
˼䣬ֻǴ񷴹ӴٲУһӰǸո̤¾ķ
¡¡~
ʧȥ˷޵׺ڶӴٲʱ¡䣬ǻָǰ󣬻˲١
Լ֮ӴٲĴ䣬
ɺԵĺۿɼٶȣӯ

˵Ŀ⣬ۼڷϡ
Ȼոս˱չصķȴǶЩĿδ
۾ӿԵϢһ̤նУϵϢѸٷű仯
ڵ֮ĥϣ۾һһ۾Ϳ˷ʱľ
ĳɹֳˣת磬֮ںϳ̶ȣѾ覴á
ͲҪյ֮ĥϣ̣ؾоѾյ֮ȻӴֻҪһʱ䣬뷽ںϡ
ʮʱ䣬Ȼûа׷ѡ˳
ڵ⣬¹ҫ;޼һ
ûãʹߵ˱Եڵ֮壬Ҳǳںϡ
Ҫ㡭¹ҫһ͵̤ǰһ
ȻսĻû˵꣬ͻȻһĸо
ų⡢ŭ
·̼䣬;ԵУضų
ǳ¹ҫڳ˶ƵĸоǸоų⣬صķŭ
ȣȵȡңҲǱˣǷ
ųⷽ
¹ҫ͵ؾѣųԴͷ緢ˣͿ˷
һƽķƺһ㶼ûɫ¹ҫһ͵뵽һֿܣŵĿܡ
ų⣬Ϊ֮ŭ¹ҫԣ޼ԽԽҲǳŨŨɫ
ѵ˵Ҫʼת



1429 ٽ
ת̣
˶ŵĵɴ۾
ôܣŸոתԲ⣬ô죬Ϳʼת̣
޼оǲš
ոתԲϾͿʼת̣ⲻ⣬ؼڣ׼ǲǹˣܷӦתʱ١
Ҫ֪ӷת̵ڣûʮꡣ
ôʱ䣬ôת̵׼ʲôʱת̱ôˣ
¹ҫ;޼һۣܴӱ˴пŨŨĺɫ޷ţ֮ǰ֮صĴؼ¼ϲȻ޴档
ʮǰתԲȻͿʼΪת׼ûκΰաҪɹת̣ٻҪʮʱ䣬ȹ١¹ҫԽԽͣҲ˵ȥ
һ˿ɬ
Ϊʱĳ˷ʸսʤڲ֪Լ̫ˡ
ת̡
ܣⲻܣת̰
˷ԣ˶ǴΪ𶯡
ʮ궼ת̣鼤޷ܡ
ʲôЦ˭֪ʧܻʲôû㹻İջȥܣ϶аնȹ١Ҳ˴
ţš
ˣĵ𺳣ͻƽٶȣʹڵؽʷϣָġ
˲𡣡ǳһ¶ͣʥƣٽٶϣСʦΪʥȴûаֱǰò塣
ʥư˵ĻϻĵϾֻҪչΪʥģһ룬ٻʧȥǰĶȻϣȴûпͣ;Ͳѡ
ʦãٲӰѾĻʦҪˡ˪ЦЦ
˪һϣɸ֮ɫ

תǰ̲ͬ
Ҫٽĵ֮ͻƣ塣
ϾȻǳԽ˶ľ̤תĲΡ
ǰܣڴ巢ɱ䣬пʼ֮ںϣȻĺҲǴŭ߲磬ǽ٣ܰȻȹ˳ܣ̤߾磬ʧܣ
ŵȵ˾طʣٻعؽ硣
ˣתԲҲΪԼİȫǣûԥֱӿʼת̡
ڷ֮ʼһں֮ʱ̾͸оųԼŭ
ţ纣֮н٣ڡ
麣;ĵ֮γޱȵĺ촹䣬ˢŷ塣
Ǿģڷŭ߲麣ͻΰûб⣬ֱӿ
֮ĳˢУ建ɢʧǰ
ʼˣת̡޼һ
ԭһ˿ɣǿʧ󣬾޼ȴ޻ɡ
٣ת̻Եģǵһ٣Ҳ˵򵥵һ
Ϊ߲籾Դĳ̶ȻǵķҲ̫ң߲٣ṹһʱ磬ɱŭǵĵޡ
ھĶ٣᲻̫Σˣ˪Щġ
ת̰ˣȻڸ߲ڣѶȻЩǵõĺôҲ࣬Сʦܳɹȹҡͷ
Χ䶯̷֣Լһİ磬İĴ½Ϸİǿա
ʱٳϿգž޴ǳֳױȵѹȸУ麣;ĵͶӰ
ת̵̹ķš
ɡ
̫ٻĸ𣬷ļᶨƣǿҵս
ν٣Ǹ߲ͼȡĵ޵ķˡ
Ȼڲת̣Դĳ̶Ȼǳ߲ͣķҲ
ҲԶԵġ

麣ͶӰУһ˴һֲֻֻ飬ÿһֻаطʵŷɱ
;Ҳ⣬׷ݻ顣
ħӥݣޡ
Щɱ飬߲ı෱࣬Ҳֻϳмһ֡
ǲ飬߲֮ɡ
תۼ䣬ǰͳԼǿ飬ʵҲзڵĲΡ
ӿһ𣬺գ磬ضҡΣֲݡ
~
ǵصĳ
壬˾˵£ʹǾطʣҪɱ
ȻվŲ¡
ȻԴУΪյǵڰ˼֮ԼھĶٵԵʣҪǿࡣ
򷨲֡
ǵصһ̣̽򷨲ֵ״̬·Ĵ½ֱӱķ飬վգĻһƬΪԭʼ̬ȻȴǰȻվ˿



1430 ת
ʮ
ֻػط淨ųĽȻ޷÷̤طʵĲΣҲ޽ӽطʡ
ʱչֳ򷨲֣ȥؾʱǿ࣬ʹܺɱطʵĹҲ޷䡣
޿ɹ۲⡢ҲڵУһ΢С绺ֳһľΪģ˷쿪ȥƽԭɽɭ֣ޡ
·һֵĻչ
ʱֻ磬ȻԶԶСһͨ磬ǱȸոտٳʱȴǴ౶
վƺվڶٿٳ棬ͬʱƺվֻ硣
ĹοֲܼڽӽʱƵ
Ȼ򲻵ԼҲҵ̶ֳȵĹ£ϾͻľֻӶ޷򷨲ֵ״̬ڵһ£뿪ԭأֱɱȺУִ̫ٻطڷɳڷ¡
̿ʼ˽ڽ
~
̫ٻ䣬жʱȼγ˹Ļ𺣣λƬеĸ߲籾˲ͻҷֻмʵǿģǿȴҲǱش
ɱ
ڣ磬ͬʱΪһ˲һ
ոͣĵطٴνﳹ׻
~
ת磬ԼٶƷӵ쾡£ϱŷλ̫ٻǲϻ䡣
طƶ£̫ٻǿĳ޽ӽطʵʵ÷̼ɱκһֻһ֮С
ǣǵʵ̫ˡ
ǹؼʱ̣ܽ򷨲ֵ״̬ӹѸ磬÷ٶƣЩӴı԰ѷ
ֻҪвǵĺϣеڶֿܣ
٣Ȼǿ֮ѹ˭Ҫ׼ֺŸȣѹٶ׼Իķգǰٷְܶȹ
һѪҺɱı±֮ŷսЩ֮ҲǱڡ
֮ںϣڻš
һ֮ķĵ֮ڸ֣ڷڣ͸ÿһ䣬Ѫ⣬Ƚںϡ
Ҫȹ٣ͱõ߲ĳϡ
Ե˵߲罵µ٣ҲǸһ߲̽籾ԴĴûᡣ
ɱ¾УԡѪڣһֻҲնɱΪ֮塣
~~
ҴϢţɱЩǺεȵļѣʹǲ飬ӲȫҲѹ
ڣûһֻֻ߲ͶӰبϿա
ûꡣ
̧ͷͶӰڣٲŹȥһ룬һû¡
ֲѹÿһ䡣
ͻȻͶӰУӿͬˮһĹⲨ麣ɳĴ󺣲ӻɳݺᣬӾķɳ֮ĳ
һ֣ǿֲףڱÿһ䣬ǿѹȸС
޴ӡ
һأֻӲӣĸ䣬ܶ
侲ǰ
ҫΧռѷ𣬷Ȼӭ˳Ⲩ
һ̣ſ˶ơ
ɲǼ䣬ھ֮ϣĿֲѹȻ֣ٳʱҲƺҪ
ָߵĵرѹܱ磬ϾԶδָȴҲܶݵĸŵ֮
½Ⲩ¡УֱӴϣ˲ⲨӲĿٳһͨ
~
ͶӰѸȥƺҪʧȻڷƲɵĳ£ȴǸ׷ױ鿪Ϊ֮Ͷ뷽ڡ
ͶӰһ̣ͻȻһ㱣·߸ϵ磬һŲ㳤ĴӿԺ
վգɱ֮
ͻȻ
׵ģȻӣÿһ棬֮Ѹٽڡ
ԽԽֲϢɢݣš
֪˶á
׷ĵطǿҵĹԴܺ÷һˡ
ױȵڷӿţӶ䣬·磬ƿһС
ƻ̧ǰ黮Ϣģʱٳҷ𣬳׵ı
תķǰӭһ˫˫ޱȵ۾



1431 صؽ
ɹˣĳɹˡ
ʮ꣬תĽٶȣڵؽʷϣŵϺŵġ
Ƭ̵ĳźһѹֲסľ
ʱķɢҫ۵Ĺԣ˵ѹӴ֮ԶԶ֮ǰҲתķ룬һɶʾˣɹȹ٣ת
תǺǣתЦһΪ׷ϲҳǡԴ󰡡
޼ͻȻЦ
ӷ̤ľ۷壬߳Ȼ˾ĵųԼŭһֱʧǡ
ţҲԸȥţЩڴ֮¡
ǣɹˡ
Դ֮һת뻹ڶľǣһ蹵Ԩ֮
޼ͻȻһָоҲ׷ϷˡıӰ޷󼰡
Ҳ־򣬾޼ͻȻͷˣ뷽һµִһ仰棬Լûظ·Ƿǧʯ
ᣬҵǸ߸ϵʥѹ磬ӳҾĿڱҾҹ貵ǳҫޱȣ˶Ȼʧɫ޼
Թ˵ţҲܱĽȥ
ǣ֪̫ǿǳġ
Ǻҫ̫âɡ
һʱңǲҡ
޼Գ
¹ҫɫף뵽ˣ׼սʱ򣬷ʼת
ǰһ̻ʮ㣬űʤգһ̾ʧǣĪĴ
ڳ¹ҫԱߣǶԷмһ˵ǳ׵ɵۣû뵽Ȼһת
ȫ⡣
һ̾¹ҫͷҲأת뿪ս֮Ҳû

ϲϲ
תη
ΧˣĻǼ⣬ǰء
ҲһЩ˼Ī⣬ǿ۸Ī壬ȴѹ˼
Ͼ׼㣬ֵ̫ͻأһʱ̫ǿԪǣһ˵ֻЩ˶ٶȣϢ˳ȥ
˵صȺߵ˪ǰ
ϵĹԻʧǿѹҲǽζţתǿ
ʦ֣ʦ㡣һû˪Ļ˿¾ҪΣղ١
Ǻǣϲ㰡һ̤תЦ
˪鸴ӡ
ĳתķԿ˾طʵĲΣֻ׵˺̶ֳȣʱȴ޷
ʱǰСû뵽תͷʮ꣬ƽƽпܸǿ
Ȼȥɡܣ˵
Ԫ˶ิӣȷʵҲɵĺóԴˣȻ
λʮطڳûκβ۵鷳˺ܿͨ󣬻ص˵ؽ硣
ǡ
ո̤˶߾˵
ҡ
ʦĻҪȻˣȥʦɡһ漴Ц
˵ͷ
Ҫһ㶼Ԥϡ
Ȳ˵̶ʮת̤תʵȾطʣؾɱħ񣬾õΪעˡ
ûã˵ڵĴף
ʦһЩС⡣ûȵѯʣؾ˵˳
ǽ֦Լ⣬ϸڷûֻУħʵ֮ϡ
ȷħģʱһŭɱһ
ȻԷһ˲ɱй¶Ҳ÷·
ʦ𣬲֪ħʲôѯʵ
Ŀ䣬ƺ𣬵ħҵ֮Ĳû뵽Ȼһֻ
˶٣ûм˵ȥǿ۷һ´ˣһӦʧֲº󻹻н
°ɣҪúһ롣
˵꣬÷£ϢǳҪҪ˼һ
ûйھħȻ˵˵ڵûӴȼܡ
ΣħҲǴ˵ʥһڵʵȻħҲǸûñȣҲἱȥӴⷽܣʵˣȻˮɡ
ת̤ת֮󣬷ҲҪһʱ䣬Ӧͻͽܾӳ
˪̿ʼչء



1432 
һӴۣһЩ۵Ůʻ˵ڵ硣
ǰ麣켫ΪƵĻϵ˷׷׷˾𺳲ѡ
ǵ֮磬س񡣡
ƮѩȻҲλھ֮ϵ磬Ǻһȣȴǲԡ
ѹֻΪ磬еϵʥء
˷һ̾ʯ¶ЦݣЩɡ
ǵǵһԱطʡ
ΣЩϵŮ䵱򵼵ġ
Щ˵ǲʥԶ֮ǣҲǵؽĶ
˵Ŀֻһǽǽһꡣ
Ҫ֪ǲǸ߸ϣ糹׷յģǻ޶ȵĶ⿪ţʵϣҲټ
̨ʱǧʢĴӮǰľ콾ܽޣպĵΪɴ˿ɼһߡ
ǣΪΣҲرؽǧ֮ǣõ֤
ǧ֮⣬ǻʥ֮ǺͶ콾󣬾лһΣһꡣ
ڵؽĵλ߲֮ԶżҲǼߣһȴҲǸ
쵽ˡ
ʯڵ
ŵǵİɫ޾ǰʯЩĽʾǴ˵ϵˣ޲Ŀɿڴ
ԵһЦʯ˽˾ϵĵǣһ·ϣĽţҲ˳ԾС
ЩԵؽ콾־ηŶԳ䵱򵼵ʯĿбĸߴ
ҲֻЩʥ콾űȽ򶨡
ͻȻЩ콾Եøߴǿʯ΢䣬͵ضס¡
£
˶һڵǣܱʯΪµĿûмʶĳǰȥʱһ˹΢΢˵ͷֱ˹ȥ
ǣ
֣ôое졣
һʱûлعһʥ콾һǷ
ԭ
ѹһ죬̨۷һսòؽ磬º˲ʶ
˶ʱȻϾǧʢȥûʮ꣬ǶҲǼ֤ߣֻǣʱǵͻСЩģûһӾϳ
һսʢǾĶǵĳҲӡЩ˵ĵס
ԼУЩΪżμӹǧʢ콾ڷǰȴȫȻʧɫǵжʱһЩη
˵λѾתΪʲôҵѹλʦ֣
һλ콾üͷЩɻ˵
λʦ֣μӹǧʢᣬһ̨ȻֹСûɱʮҲͻͽ̻ʱ򣬸ܸоӴѹ˴
ǣ˵ʵԶʦ֮ϵķȴûܸѹ
ҲǷ׷׵ͷɫ
ټ֡ʯЦһǸоѹΪĺãƿģԶˡ
ʯҲо̾ѹʮط۶ĪֻƲӦһŷյ淨
Ѿתڵʵһ㶼ҡ
ǧתҲſ̤طʵĲΣ뷽ľ콾ȴȫûñȰ
˵꣬ʯҡҡͷҲȥ˾񣬽Щ˴Ŀĵغ󣬾ֶȥ

ʦ𡣡
߽ŵĵһ
һڣȫӦͻƺ;磬һɨĵ˵ͷ
ܺ󣬵޵ʵͻͽ֮ƣ䷽ǰ˾ѵģķȸ󣬼ÿʱÿڷţҪչӦ
ڵ㣬Ӧú˪ˡһ˿Ц⡣
˪ʦ㣬ʮ꣬ͱ׷ϣҿͷ³׳Ҳò˶á
ȻΪ;ɳ̫£Ҳ˵ʱû٣ֻмʮԵʡ
򣬷Ҳô׷˪ʹʥ
ʦԶʦ㡣Ȼ֪Լ׷˪ȴûʲôԵãʲôӸµ̬
һıչأҲǿţӦǵõķʽս˷Ҳûٴ֮صĵطҲͬ˪֡
˵ʵಮ٣ǷʳڣӽڵĲΡ
ת÷ɹ˾طʡ
ȻȥʵԶתʱ򣬺߿÷ԽСΣڽֹһ
ȴԽÿһεĿԽҲԽͻơ
ѩôҲͣڷʳڣں߿£ǿطʣһܣʹﵽһΣڶǲԶȺѩ۷ʱڻҪǿ֡
ңתˣҪתܾطʣ֪Ҫǿ١
Ҳļޣȵ淨ȥĵرĵȽʵɻǿˮɡ
Ҫ˪΢΢һЦЩɢˣôһڣҲģѸ˼ϣҲһ¡
˪츳ǱȻö˵
Ϊϴε¡һ˵¡
ڼȥϢ÷ˣû࣬ȴǴˣҲ̸

ؾϵģһλħʱ㲻Ҫ֪̫࣬ʮطʵʱ򣬾ʸӴˣھͽӴ˵δؾһ¡͵
ס
ţʵҪҲΪ˽ɱ˻ħ˴󹦣й͡÷óӡʯ̽ԽңԶľ룬
ȵջʱȻһ˿Ķҡ⣬ӡʯ
ǿıֶΣᶯʹҵ״ӣҲ׵õΪɱħ˵ӡʯ½
оϲ
һֶжǿۼԭΪڶʱڲٵõû뵽ȴױֲҲܿµĹж
ؾģҪڱֶϣ飬ͻָȫʢ״̬
ǽ
ԣʱ¶ڴ֮ɫ
Ȼǵ״ӣǵڵһУҲҪʲôʲôġ
ҪõӦĸΪؽߵ´󹦣ɵǷȵȣóһȡһĹףܵõӦĶ
淨ϣΪطǵҷ״ӣԷҪطû⣬ֻҪʵ˼ɣҪĶûôˣǵʱϾ̫̣ײ㣬ܶණֻܿȴò
ˣҲǷǳڴάԼʲô



1433 
뿴Ҫʲô
淨Уط󣬻ű淨̰ã˲Ҫ
ĵرط֣ĵرĵȽףҲ󡣡
ŸתתԶʥҲȱ
һҪʲô
Ƭ̺۾͵һ
Ҫģһŷ
΢΢һ
һԣ֮淨Ȳϣ淨ˣܱ¼ֱóλģȻô򵥡
Ϊνǰǵ޵ĵرΪĵرǰ£ӳǿ
۾ʱ
ĵرڵ˵൱ڱϵȻĵر£ǵɱ϶ԣʵǱȲģڸָϡ
̫ٻҲͽг̬ˣʵϣȴûнɱ֮
ۺ϶ԣϱߣĻδػ·磬ɱȴ㡣
ǣڱĵر£ǵɱܼǿ޵ʵ
૵
˵˵ĻؽΪʵϣȴĵر
µû֮ɵģɱ˫ؾħ񣬼ʹûˣĿ繥£Ҳע³˵ͷ϶˷Ĳ²⡣
ҹսʽһĵرǳ̬ҿǽΪطĺˣҲǵӦ֣ΪԣΪĻ󻯵ʵ
ҵ𣿡
͵һ
ؾʱԺѩʵɱǧӭѶϣնɱ˻ʱ򣬾һЩ¶ʱûж룬ڱһѣȴ̻Ȼ
ڱĵ˵ٵȵѰʺǣҲ㹻ĳɳԵĵرõϣʦ֣ʦʺĵرõ
ĻȴԽԽá
ͷԵĻΪͬ
ҪһĵرΪѶȿ϶СѡһĻ˵ûɣòˡ
ȴһ̫ٻطĺģֱָߵĵرĴڡ
˵ʺϲˡ
Ҳű뷨лһֳɵߵĵرΪĻʵǿ
ʦ̲ס
ǺǡЦҲΪƣָһ㣬ʱһâ䵽˷ǰֳһŽɫֽ
飬ȻĿȥҪʱȴͻȻоǿҵɱ֮ӽɫֽ
ɫ΢䣬һɱ֮Ȼоطʵ
͵ȫɱ֮ȻײһɲǼ䣬˼֮죬·һ˲䣬ײһ
ȥɱ֮˻˽ֽϣ˾ӰУûƲҪն
Ŀȥֽϵ֣ȴС
ɣƳɱ֮˵Ҳһĥ¡ûгְ﷽ȥɱ֮˼
ǡȻõ֡
ֽϵɱ֮ǿҲӦķΧڣˣҷҲע⵽ֻҪԼҪֽϵݣͲɱ֮ƿĿ
ʦûʲôµĻȸˡһ˵
ҪŪһݡ
վ
ţһ
תʥһ飬Ҫϡ
飿
˪ȴû˵ת󣬻ᱻ飬ȻҲпǵķԸǲǰԼ
ʦʾ¡룬
ݣȥ⣬֮ǰҪһ⡣ŷ
Ŀģʲô
Ŀģ
һãȻ˼֮Уȴûиǵʱ䡣
ȥɡ
͵·̺һ磬תƣ쳾󣬷Ȼɫ䣬ȴǷ֣ԼɼͶǸ֮Уתʧ

ʦھͶСʦܽĿ飬ǲ̫ˡӵ˳һЩɻʵ
СʦʥֻҪ䣬ȻʥԺһҲٰ
˵ԽļԽá
꣬ųһʥ
ʼ磬ҲףԷҲֻϣ˳ˡ

֣Լһֵĵط
Ͷ̥ת˰㣬һСɽ֮УΪеһԱǣӡˣǵ޵ģֻصģͳͳ޷á
һʼֻ磬Ȼϸ۲죬ȴֻŲ֮ͬ
ʥ𣿡п󣬷׿˹ǣԼĴ
ʦ˵һ飬ӦòΣգֻ׸ôͨأ
ͷϣüͷ˼š
ͻȻ
ﺰؼҳԷĺӺ洫
ðɡƨɣεվ
ڵһ˾ĺͯиĸûб䣬Ȼ
Ϊݣ޷ãҲΪûбֳԼ߰꺢ͯĲͬʵʵĹ

÷СŮС¶һ죬ȻС治һȥԵñȽ࣬˵ϻҲС¶ˡ
֪𣿷ҸոһܡСŮգ۾Ĵչ
ʲôܣʵ
Ǵɽͷϴ͵峤Ļ˵ɽסţܵϸɽܳϡСŮϣ֪ŮжƯ
ɣϣ
һݣʶ̧ͷ˴ĸɽ
ڵСɽ壬ʵλɽɽţɽҲǼߣһָǱڱΣУԷڵ
ѵ˵ݣҵɽûӡһܵɽۣȫʧĻҪƵɽ壬ˡ
С¶ⲻʲô˵ܰɣΪʲôҴûֵʵ
ÿطƵִž٣ڴ֮ǰȴδ˵
ΪǰҲɣûһܻţ˵ǲǶɣԲ˰С¶Դ棬޷⣬ز塣
ɡ



1434 ·Ѿ
ʱһȥҲԭͯɳΪǿ׳ꡣ
ʲôҪɽ
һפ⣬ǸƵɽ壬ѾɴС¶·˷е뷨Ҳ·Ĵ
ܿ죬ϢСɽ塣
ļһӱ
ôģɽǳ£ͼɽ˶ûл˵УǼŭɣԱɱˡ
ö˶˵ӲΪʲôô벻

˶Ȱ裬ĸС¶峤Ĵȵȣûϣ͵ķѰ·
Ŀɨˣ˸ĸеĵǣС¶е⣬˴еֿӡ
Ȼ󣬷۾
Ѿ
ûж˵жȴ̬չ¶ɣļǣҲŲ˷
СɽʮˣദҲ˸顣
һжõģֻ翼ᱻǣס
˵ڶ죬Ȼ˸ɽֻһѸͷǰȥҪܲɽһεĳʧܵġ
ͨɽ۵ĵ·Ͼ鲼ʱֶη֮绢
նźˮʼն
һľȫҲǿʮײĵ·ľ쳣ļӲ
ûж˵ʲôص˴Ϣһ
˻Ϊͨˣ׷Ȱοûж˵ʲôڶȻǰɽٵ·
һȥ
޷ĿУȻʣոһյնʵǡ
⡣
Ĭ˸ĸļңڴβдһݣһ࣬ڲͬ
ʮȥˡ
ʮȥˡ

ѿУĸأ÷Ů޸ˣͬİ·
𣿡
һ죬ʱΡΡĴ峤סŹȣͷİ׷Ѿ˵ķʳһ䡣
Թ޻ڡ
һ£ԥת뿪洫̾Ϣ
ʮ
׷ԲԵķ߹ӣ˶ָָ㣬ʱʱżȴš
ԽԽҲԽԽСϵĵ·Խѿ١
ʱѾ֮УΧһ⣬ٿǰĵ·
Ȼûа˼
ڣһ죬ĻӶǰľŴϲķ֣ǰľûˡ
𣿡
ǰȻܿ죬ͽ
һ⣬ȷʵû˾Ϊͨɽ۵ĵ·ҲȻֹǰû·ȻҲо
·ûˣ·ûˡ
ૣǿҵĲţ޷񣬻Ľ
ڵͣҲѰһ·ͷʼ
ʧ£ص˴ӣҹľԶı۾ֹͣ

ȷ۾ʱ±ͯһлָԭĸ÷ˡ
Ҫһ𣿡۾
ʮ󣬷˵Ȱ裬һ̤նĵ·
ɽ£ٳĵ·Ȼڣ֤һľΡ
Ų·ûþʹߵ˵·ľͷһһģһûзʡ
̾Ϣһصɽţѡһ·ظոһյĶ
һʮꡣ
·ûˣûˡǰϾĵ·ãȻ
Ϊʲôݵʲôʲô壿ãȻ⡣
صһεı۾




ʱţ˵ʮ
ǰľѡɽ·вͬǽһ·Ͼûмǰ·
ʮһҾʮֻغѳһλ𣿡
ڴظһ̡
ʮ
ǶϾû·ΪʲôΪʲôźﴫģȴ˻Ƶ
ûϣͿϣһֱظظš
ȻˣΪʲôҪȥΪʲôҪ䵽ҵ³ΪʲôúõΪʲôҪøĸΪʲôҪ÷ȥΪʲôҪΪ࡭
·жħĵڷջ
ǰδеĳأƣ壬صУһα۾
ʮһ
Ŀģʲô
ţ˿鿪ʼǰ⡣
ǰҽǵһǵӵܣõ˵޵ĴУ뿿ЩؼҲҳͷأü˹Ϻӡʣȵ磬棬ǹޱȣ磬ҡ
ϵǰϵʵǸ߷壬Ϊ뿴ߵ۷ϣķ羰
ȥĴ磬ֻ֮ĿУĻҡ
磬˭ܲࡣ
ˣ뿴ߵ·ľͷʱܲܲࡣ
Ŀģǳӣࡣ
У־𽥼ᶨ
˵УɽסɣǾҵĿ꣬Ȼͨ˵УҾѰұ
ͷҲأת뿪뿪ƫƧСɽ壬̤硣
ܴԶСɽĹҲӵĶ˶ʡ
ָϵ档
һţͷʼţž磬ʵ̽սҲ𽥴ȥ
ݺᣬ
츳ѣûþѡϵ壬ǣǰס
һţ綼Ҫң£ӡ
ȻȴһƬ۷һУصСɽ塣
һΣǿԶͨ˵ʮѡһ·󣬷նܿͿٳһ·ǰʮϼʮ
ѡĵ·ǰʮζӵƲ㣬ӽ۷塣
Ȼȥ󣬷̾һǰ·ֶˡ
Χĳ仯±ֻͯصԭСɽ壬ʮʼ
ȻϵвͨҾͻһ
Ȼ
뿪Сɽ󣬷ѡ˱ϵ˱ţһͬ׿ͬǺɨͬ۷ʱ̣صСɽ壬ڸɽϿٳһ·
ǣһ
һһ
ֻš
ϵѧڸɽϿٳһͨ;
ȵЩϵвͨ󣬷ʼЩϵĻϣʼԼϵ
ʮٳµϵ컨׹䣬˳̡
ǣȻûãµϵ÷߳˸Զӽӽɽۣһ⣬ǰû·
·ˡ
һ
վ˵·ͷִųǰԶ͸һľӿͷӿ֣˾ϡ
ϵֻأܹˡ
Ȼǰû·Ǿ֣֮ٵ·
һննȥնȥ͸
Ǿһ
ûк·һ
ڻһľն۷һ
˽޻أ·
ꡣУʲô鿪
ǰŷ⾪˵һɢһոµͨ;ǰ



1435 ľ
ڷնչͨ;ʱ
ΧĳȻ飬ص˵ǵĴϷ΢Цŵĵ壬÷һֻĸо
Сʦܣϲ㣬ͨ˿顣巢ĵĹص
һΰ
ӿ֣Ϥ÷пǧ
Ǹڵϵڶ࣬ȴûһ֣ǵޡ
лʦ𡣡ŵһ
𣿡ʵ
һЩЩס£侲Ļش
Ļش𣬿ȥЩԥȴûʲô֮ɫĵ˵ͷ
οĿģΪļԡ
ʥ֮ԶˣĳɾͿڣϣ㣬̤ϸߵ۷塣
ȻļԣԷں棬ʵǿŽУҶŸڴҲϣܸԼ⣬Ϊת󣬾ʽ̤ת̶˵Ҫ
͵
תĳ϶ԣ˵ǵһˣתĺתԼֻء
ླ翣ϵ߾磬ܵ
˵˵ⳡе򡣡΢Цſ
ǡ˼·ɽӦþζŲ࣬һ·ͨ࣬ȴûһ·ĵ
ɽеĹͣΪҼᶨұ˵׷Ѱ;ǹۻƻû´ĻɽУҳ磬ǿϾͻ
˵ͷ϶˷Ĳ²⡣
ļǻҪףԼҪĵʲôȻʵǸɽ׷Ѱࡣ
ڵɽĹУӡ̵ģһϾĵ·
ǰû·Σǲɽۣľظţɻ˾
Ȼû·Ǿ
նһЦ
οݣܵĲһһҪ㡣
ǰ·ѾⲢãǺпܳΪʵһֵ
ǵ޵ĵ·ں߲֮Դﵽ͸߲ͬĿģ·һȷ𣬾һߵͷ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
û˸ô˵ʹʦҲôΪ
ϵҲһ
ǰ·Ͼκϣпܻĳ֣ڿоġ
ߵ˵·ͷԿǰ·»ôڿϣ׵ġ
Һοնһп
š
ЩںܳʱڶòϣҪϵʱȴá
ϸ˵Ҫ׵ģȷʵ硣
ڲתˣתֻأĺԶߵ·ľͷʮǧ
Ҳԣڿʼ̤תˡ
ǵһ磬ǲĻ
ΪԷߣŻڸտʼ̽Ѱʱ򣬾ļԣߴ·ͨĵ·߳Զ
ʲôϵߵ棬ǿʶþٴҲƽߵ棬Ψһģԡ̾Ϣ
Ĭͷ
ʥʾǵȳΪʥⷽƻὥʧʹܻӵɱĻţߵʱҲὥʧȥá
Ψԣǵ۷Ψһ̡
ʦ𣬵ȶεջҾȥ硣һͻȻ˵
ͬΪĽ硣
ͨο飬ļԡ
Ҫ߳Լĵ·Ҫڲĵ·߳Զֻ߱˵·Ȼ֮·Ƿ;ĸҲ׼ı䣬ҲҪҰԼĵ·֮С
ѾãչԶԶȲ淨֮׼ʰ
硣ԣ룬ͷͬնһҲɽ˵ȷʵⷽԣҲʺȥĥ¡
ʹ󣬰ĵرɳټϽķţҲһǿޱȵĵ·
ûзϣҲԭ֮һ
ҵؽľ콾óȻȥĻһþͻᱻնɱüͷѡ
ΪбֶΣԮ޿ˡ
ǣɲȵؽԲͬڽĻ˵Ǳ޳Īᱣס飬ָһա
ʦģа취Ǻġ
Ȼ֪ĴԪת󣬿¾˺ܶඥıɱ
óȻ뽣Ļ
ֻתֻҪԲˣǿԼ
ȵһо󣬷ŻῪʼ֮С



1436 Ѻ
Ȼ˽֮УҪУȴҲûôס
ֻزط
ŵ׫д飬ҷҲ洫°빦죬ҲǷʮ׼ܶȹ٣תԭ
ֻصϣûôĽˣҪܳһʱ䣬ܳС
Ǻ󣬷صԼڵǵס
һεĿ飬Է˵Ҳջķᡣ
һΰ΢΢̾ϢڿУȹһȻʵϣûоôãֻȥµʱ䣬һͬ˵ҲһݼΪĲƸĥԡ
ϧչΣǸӦһξʵЩϵȴ
ʵξŸϵ˵Ҫ߲ûгֵ⣬ϵܶ涼ҵ޵ϵ
һǺĶʮЩϵ۷壬Ƴ³£ٳոµϵ
ֻǣЩõģΪ˿ĿģʹĴ
ģǾ̫ˡ
һŹȥһ£ĳɹֻܴҪԸ⣬׾ܴһ۷ǿ
ָоһӦʦĵرӵʵξƵĴڡ
ֻȣƵĵطȴҲűϵĲͬ
״̬£ſĳȴǺܿ췢һЩͬ
ˣնһƿչͨ;ʱʲôѵüͷ
֮ǰûʲôףڻȴܿ϶һ꣬ǳξ
ʲôˡ
΢ţзɳһɫ񣬰ƴСһص顣
һڼݵ֮棬ʽŵʱ򣬵֮ͨᴫġ
һֱɫûʲô䣬ģ
ǣɫϣȴǳһѺۣбŴӵϻ
֮ǰξ磬죬
ʲôأָСĦһѺۣûκα仯Ҳûκξ˵ֹ
ϸһµĻļԣʱѿģ˵Ҫѿ¶ıĿҪƵĳ˵Ծ򣿡
˼
˵ʲôϵߵʺþҪȥΨһ̵ģˡ
ˣɫҪ󣬾ļԣ
֮۹⣬ȵֻῴĸԶԶԷиҲǲܵ顣
Ϊˣ跽ģŲĵرҲ淨
ȵĵطѿ¶һЩ૵֮治͸һûõĶֻҪֵҪɻǳĸߡ
ɫϣȻѿһۼΣ޷͸˿Ѻۿ
ɫûмһʱ
󣬷ȡ˼ĽֽĿǰõġ
~
ŷĿȥҪֽϵݣʱƥɱ֮ӽֽϱ·ŷ
~
ȫ֣Щɱ֮ݺݵײһ
ﲻǵǣڵĲרŵңһײ鸮ۡԼΧԲ
һα˿ȥƿĿ⣬ֽϵɱ֮Ҳ֮ƽ
ûʧзǳ侲
Ϊһĥ£ȥչܿŵ֣ղŵһȫ֣÷˵һɱ޾֡
ҲζţԷڵʵȫܿݣҪģǸʱˡ
Щɱ֮ԿĹУҲջãɱ
Ͼǵޣⷽίʵûʲôĵãɱ֮ĿУȴ÷նԺȥĻҲ˳
ޣǺųɱһġ
̫ʺϡΧҵĻ˽ֽ˳ȥ
ȥ磬кܳһʱ䣬׼˷ѡ
ﶼԽУڵؽ緶ΧڣǾ԰ȫġ
Ҫ֮淨˴ܹؼڵвٶڲ˴ĳɳϣЩѵġ
Ϊ״ӣȨ޼ߣڵǶһʱҲܲСŻݣⲻܰá
󣬷ȡһ뿪˵ǡ



1437 ̻һ
һâռٷɹ쵽˼㡣
ͻȻ
ǰͬˮư㷺˲һΪһľ޴󹬵ֳâû谭Ĵ˾޴󹬵⣬¶һݵ
첽߽˹
ڣ߸ϵϣһӰںڰУУǴӰй¶ѹȴǺ˵˼㡣
ˣĿ뿪ˡһٵ˵
ڰӰʱһǿѹ
ȥ򡣡ɳƵӺڰӰд
ǡ̵

û֮ǰ޷󰡡
һϣ૵ҪȡҪڵؽ磬ν󻹲̫Ӱ쵽Լ
ȷ󣬷һɸѡҵʺϵǣ̻һ
˽⵽ݣԼǰ󣬷Ҳǳһ
񣬵صȻڵؽ磬뷽ǰ֪ĵطȴźܴҲ÷Եؽ˽ĸ롣
֪ؽޱߣӴ޷󣬿ڲ֪Լ֪ģҲǵؽһְˡ
ڵؽǧ֮ǣЩ֮Ϊ׼ֵ
ÿһ֮ڵأԳһÿһ򶼲һС
ؽ磬ǧ
Ȼǧ򲢷ǵؽȫǼ˵ǵؽķش
⣬Ϊٵĵط쳣Ƨͬġ
ЩĵشγɣΪؽڲϵĳɳϵţЩûõĵطʹǵǵĶһʱҲԵ
࣬ǿҰ޺Уڴ˵˳Ϧؽشǧȣȫͬ硣
ȡ񣬾ǰĵش̻ǵ֮ʹ֮
ȴﵽһĳ̶Ⱥ½֮ǣһؽش
ؽǧУôġ
ֻҪﵽ֮ǣԳһĿ꣬Ҫʱ̫һҪΪλĳҲǵǷУΪ֮һ
ңȡˣֻҪ̻ɣܰƽʱҪʱ䲻࣬רҲǳɺõֻҪɽ׶ԵĿ꣬õΪĽűС
Ϊ磬ؽίʵѾ˴ķ룬޷󡣡

Ĵء
¡¡
ɽľԳ̤ŲײĵǰĴ䣬ÿһ̤£õ·Ƿ˵
ЩС࣬ʳ
ˣˡ
ʯҪˡ
˭Ⱦǣ
ʯУ˶˼㣬û뵽ֻԲڣǿҲײеľԳǴӵĿꡣ
žԳһ̤ҲǷ˵㣬ݵվȣǸӾ֡
Ͳһս
~
ԳĴд󲿷Ѫֹ߻ڵأƺ湻ˣԳͬɽ͵ڱա
ӴУķֻľھԳƤϣȴƵġ
ۿ䣬ᱻԳһƻٵ
ʱ
һͻȻմֳһȼŽɫĳ˾Գͷϡ
ǿҵĿ־ӾԳи𣬿ȴ̫ˡ
ӦĻᶼûУѽɫ㽫Գг룬пһűֽɣ漴ɢ̽Գٳ˷ɻҡ
⣬⡭
ȫɵˣôǿֲľԳȻôˡ
ʱһƽ͵𣬳˷˿ȥ
ҽڴˣ̻һڶ֮ÿʱɽ
ǲ㱻ʯ䣬Բڣ˶˶һãȻȫûŪôһ¡
ɣ·ˡʯˣȴǴϲҲɻ
ɽ

汲סǴû˵ɽôһط
߿գ΢΢һЦгһתʹâŷһףӿ£˴֮С
һ̡
¡¡ľ죬쳹ķ
бˣԼͬޱ𺳵ĿһתʹâɽӴϰεضԽԽߣֱա
ġ
֪˹ȥϵĤݣΪһ𺳵˼㡣
ȵصƽϢȥ̧ͷʱһδĸɽǰߴʮʹǰˣҲĿΰ޷ɽ壬ͬ
û˽ͣ˶׹
⣬ɽ



1438 ĥʹ

΢΢̾Ϣӵжһı۸񲻷ƣõ˲ٵңڴʱȴʮʺϵġ
˼һɽ֮ϡ
ɽ֮䣬һƲƮɽΧǽŷ˼ɾ
񼣰
֪ˣơ
ʯ䡣
ƤĽ׳꿴Զɽ壬鼤˶㡣
ʯͷô
ܱô룬һҪȥɽȡ֮곤һսȭͷȻ
ҲһҲҪλһɱЩޣôҳȥҲðΣգôҴӴܹϺӡСʯͷҲҧأﾡǼᶨƵ顣
ͬĳڰڣ﷢Գ޵¼˵Ļ̫ѵˣǻȥҲҪȡ
ȻҲдɣŻôõ顣
һЩ߳˴䣬Ҳвԥ
ЩɽԶĴͲ壬ھ˸տʼĳ嶯˷ܣ侲֮󣬻ûʲôǲţǾʵ̫Զˡ
һ·ȥ֪ҪΣգпܣûߵɽ޿Уǵĸв͡
ֻЩڵĴͲ壬ŵһʱɽʯ֮һ
վɽ۷壬ھ۵ס
̻һһ񣬼ϲѵʱǶھһ͵ġ
Ҳû׼һʼͽ̻ΧչһС׼ΪĽ̻Χչ
ᴫ
Ȼᴫ֮ǣҲɾѧֵġ
ֻЩؿˣѧ֮ǽҲնٹδ
Թǵĳɳе·ƣСԻͣ˵ֺγϵϴĥءһ߳䣬ľĴأȴᶨƵˣ

~
Ӵɹգչĳס̫ջ谵͵ˣ׼Ĵ˺Ƭ
ʱ
һɫֻϣֲĸ˲Ϣ䣬ͽٳ˷ɻҡ
һĻ·ߵȻǵһμˣȻǳ羴ĳɽͷ
飬ɽڲϷš
ÿЩɽˣ޷սʤʱнɫⴹ䣬ɱײеޡ
ǰɽȴȥ
ǿޣֽЩܶԸҰޣûг֣ΪЩ˵ĥ¡
ʯϵɽȻǱսĺۼǾ״̬ȴǳĺãδǳġ
Ȼ̧ͷɽʱȴɵˡ
⡭ôߡ
Զ͸оɽΰޱȣȵɽţ̸оһ㣬̧ͷͷ
Ǹߴʮɽ尡᫲ͱڴǣҪʵǵѶ֮Զһʧ㣬ǻ׹ǡ
һЩӣˡ
һҪϣһҪɽһҪǿƤվ˳η塣
ǵĴ£һ˿ʼʵɽ
ˣҲҲ¸ɽ
ЩڵؽˣȻ֮ǾͼΪǿʮڣԲڣЩˣϵɽ
ɽģȴֻʮ֮һ
ǣЩһʱɽ׹£ĲҽʣЩɽ˻ΪԼӢѡҲѡ
׹ɽµûǱ»صɽţҪͷʼ׹ɽµľ˵Ҳѡ
۲ӵģչ
ЩɽˣͬʧȥʸһĻɽΧ档
ʱǲŻȻ򣬿ȴ̫ˡ
ͨ㿼飬ηɽģԲڣֻʮˣʯƤ꣬ȻС
޲Եȴûоʹ
ɽ۵ķʮ˶ǼޱȣûпڣҲǲΡ
ǣƬĵУδĴǿˡ
Ŀɨˡ
ڿʼҽ֮£ԺÿʱǶˣҲһ
ʼ޵֮½ݡ
ؽ⻷עʺϵǵޡ
ʱܿȥ½ϸĽ֮󣬷һָʱʮ˻һһ̹ϸ۳֣ɢǿҵ
֣ǵ޵֮ʼ
ԷʵͶԵϵ⣬۳Ȼ׾٣˼ʹѧ֮۲Ҳá
һԭԷݻЩãȻ˶ʱȻ
һӣͳɽ
һĽʱ䣬żעһ⣬󲿷ʱ䶼



1439 ư꣨ϣ
ʮؿ˶ͳɽһǾϲĪ
ع鲿Ǻܿѡ˱֮½֣ȫ̤½֮ӵ
ʹ½һ㣬ڼ̵ʱڣһԾΪǿߡ
ʯͷܲܰѧ֮ڸң
ʯ䣬ϴ峤СΪʯͷĻңгڴΣյģ˭ϣܱǿ
۴˰񣬻ҺһõڵƤԥ£ͷӦ
Ͼû˵Ǵڸˡ
ȵǽ֮˵ʱȴһЧûУֶ޷ۣȻܶ±֮½Ҳ̤޵ż
˶Ƚϴӣûл˲˽ڻҺĽͺ󣬶׹ؼڷϡ
Щߵɽ£ȴûʵǣʵˣȴ;׹£ӶƵģʱǿȫǴض㣬ûڲѡ
ҲҪʧ껹ȥİˡ
ȵ˵ڶ꣬ʶһ˵ǿ󣬸Ϊ֮Ķɽ
һΣʵǵˣһζ౶ϣ˼⣬ʼʵɽʹͱ׹ҧ
ֻǣʵǵʱҲƵģȵʱһɷ˵ûɽȫ˳ȥ
󣬿ʼڶĽ
һΣڶɹϵ˶࣬ϰˡ
º󣬽һָ̰ϰ۳֣ϲ
һʮˣҲջ
Ȼ½Уûжż򵥵һ磬ǰҲôΪģǵȵ˵ؽ󣬲֪ʹ򵥵½Ҳżѧʺŵڡ
ڵؽˣǵʽڵؽģȻȫͬеľҲѰд˵Ϊ֮½
ǣⲻζţǾͱȵؽĵ޲ˡ
ؽĻڵ޵ĳɳΪκһ綼޷ġ
ԵؽĴΪ֮½޵Ϊǿ󣬶ңַͨţڽٳռʼ½۳
֮ͨȻö˵ַţһʣõڵؽ⻷£۳¯Ԩ֮ڣǸ׽ͨ쾳Ͷľ
ǵؽǿĸԴΪʥصԭ
ȻԨ֮ģҲֻһļʣǰٷְٳɹ⴦ڵ壬֮ĵһҲûдѪҪǿ󵽣ܽѪҪʱ䣬ҪһĴС
ȵѪ֣Ҳһĵشǿʼ
½ܽݲ࣬ҪЩڵַţûҵ˴ϲ
ˣʱ䵽ˡ
شһЩ󣬷һӣϰ˾ͳɽ
һȥת۾ʮꡣ
˵ǿĵش𣬹ɽϢҲ˿ȥڷԲ
ԲĴ䲿壬֪ɽĺôЩ䲿壬ҲĿãɽ޵Уڴϰεضġ
ֻھɽ̫ңԶмգһСľͻûǰ
ǣɽԼɽΧ𣬿ʼɱ¾ޣǰĵ·ٲôΣգЩ䲿ҲҲ಻סɽ
֮⴦ϡ
ÿһ꣬ǰɽԽԽ࣬Щ棬Ҳǳһǿߡ
ʮĽͲپ½ǿͨ
Ҫڵؽ߲ͨ磬Ȼûôףǰȴ׼
һޣڷİ̤ͨ麣ǹޱȵ޲𺳵˼㡣
һöʵ磬ǰ
ٳ֡
վɽۣƬأС⵽һǿ
ն𽥿Ŀռ䡣
һֱԹţֻżΣЩ˶Ը˵֮ʱųֽ
ĹУҲ䣬ȴûŲĹԡ
ǲ׳˵һƪ£û̫춯صĳȴ𺳡
ĿЩҲǱϴӹ㣬ĸӵ
ꡣ
һͻ֡
ȡɫһ⣬ѿһѺۡ
ҡҡͷջ
ʮҲûţȻʱ̫̣淨ϵĽ࣬ż֮ĽֽȴڷĳɳУɱ֮вԽԽСͬʱʵҲûͣǰŽ
˳£ݣ󲿷ֶѾֻһ㣬ڣҲаսͨƪȫġ



1440 ư꣨У
һ޴Ĺ֮УϣںڰеӰĿ·ܿԽңԶľ룬ɽϵ
ˣѾʮˡվ·Щ
ʮ꣬ûҵκλᡣ
԰ꡣڰӰ˻ҳ֣˲ɱͬģҲڵһʱɱҡ
Ȼ壬ǲĺ塣
ӵ˵ͷ
ЩǱؽ磬ΪѰһɱؽľ콾Ҳľ򣬵ǣ֪Ϊ״ӣᱣֻҪڵؽڣɱ壬ҪӲĻʮֲˡ
һɱ̾ͻڰȫط
һ¶ȻᱻʥָߵĻᶼûС
ηмֵ૵̫ˣؽĴڣҪɱˣʵ̫ѣֻѡ뿪ؽһ̳֣лɱİա
ɱһλ콾Ҳֵˡ
ΪĴڣЩ˵вᶯ֣ѡĿ꣬ȻҲеţҪȵмʱŻᶯ֣һɱ
ⷽһʮ꣬ȥʱ䡣ʧ
귽뿪ʱǻΪˣ֪û뿪ؽ˼Ҳᡣ
ڰӰ΢΢ͷһ䣺ûлᣬҲôС

ʯ䡣
ʮʱȥյСӣǧٱΪӰһ塣
һɽѧ֮ʮˣ䣬Ȼ˵ȻˣϺģʮӱΪԲڵ嶥֣忪ؽΪʮʥ
ҺģʮʥˣҲΪǵĴڣΧСӷ׷ͶʯѸ׳
ڣٿʮǰ֮𰡡Ҹп
ĬĬͷ
ʮǣҲԭ꣬ɳΪһĴǰ˵
һУʦĹ͡羴ɽ
۽ĿʶʲôɣƷΪʦԸмĴ֮
š
п䣬ͻȻɫ͵ؾ䣬һǿĳѹϡ
˱ʮǰ֪ǿ˶ٱɿֲѹ£ҲǱѹĶãǾ塣
ǿնȻһ˫޴չڱա
ֻӴ֮޴ʯϷɹй¶Щѹѹʯڵ˶ſڵϣ־嵽˼㡣
ֱֻ޷ɹȥ󣬻ҺĲŭһ
ǡжźɫ
ĵشԲڣԶǿ壬Ȼʮ˲Сĳ𶥼ޣǲķǳԶһҲСģȥЩǿޡ
֮һ
ʵ²˰ɡҲǸ޷׼ȷʵҲ޷⣬ڵؽҪɢǿѹҪεʵԶԶ֮ϵ
벻ͨǣΪʲô
ȥķ򡭡ãɽ˺Ȼɫ䣬ȥķɽ
ʦҶɽﲻæҲҪȥȻ
Ҳǡͷ
˲ҵȫٸɽ
ԣĶޡǺܿ췢֣ɽĶޣֻ
ȽӽһǾ޷ǰˣЩɢĿֲԽ˺Ƭ
ġ
ҡ
ӱķ½˸ܿ죬ʮʥ;ۼһǿɽķĶľ
ս
Գ

Χɽ齫նΪ֮ڱεޣвޣʮоǾ
ǺƬڣ֮ǿ㣬ûб޸ɱΪʮжǿΪɽĴڡ
ɽȻΪĿеʥأľᱮ
һʥأᱮǲ󣬻ĺ弴֮
ȻǿҲЩ޵Ķ֡
ôΪʲôѭʦĽ̻壬ȥЩ̫ǿĶޡ
ʦ˵Ҫ𣬴ЩޣΪƬϵˣҪǧʱ䡣
ΪʲôǻȺ֮Ҫϣ
ʮ˶š
ǻ޷ʶЩжǿԵؽǧˣͻϳЩ棬ȻмֻǾطʵļ
~
~
ɽΧס޷˹ھطʼսȶ޵Ĵ£͵ɽ
ƵɽЩǿ޹£̼ͻᱻײ飬Ϊ档
Ȼʱ
һǿɱ֮ɽϳһ˲䱬ķâ˲䴫˰
ҵȫǻһ·ѷޱȵСǼϻ
ɱ֮һ̷Ʊɫ
׵ոޣڣɱ֮ײϣֱӷǣȫʬ
󣬴ɱ֮ڣ
кգ˷й
Χڵ޶ʱ˴ùг׾ٵпǵǿǷӦǰͽǳ׷ʬ
תۼ䣬˵ˣųϵޱֱֻмһЩŽӹһ١
ǼֻžطʵĶޣĿܵĹҲԽ࣬Ҳ죬һӡ
ⳡָ֮췭ظ
·ҵŴͣ·ʯ𺳵˼㡣
֮
ɽľڣ۾ǰŵĽֽ



1441 ư꣨£
֮ݵĽֽڷǰʱûһ˿һɱ֮й÷ɿֽ档
Էʵʮɱ֮µĥ£ֽܳܽɱ֮ĳݡ
һΣҲϾܿȫƪ
ɱ֮ţ̶ƴŷǡϮɴཫֽϵɱ֮˳ȥ
ķȴһ㡣
ɱ֮𣬻أϮڶգۼ価𣬱ȷԳֻҪ֣˻Ϣ
սȶޣȻоطʵʵҲǷʳڰˡ
ƥɱ֮£Ȼûа㷴ء
ϮȻǳ£ǣҲ̫ˡգǱɱ֮˾ޣûгֻ֣Ц
̻һ񣬻֮类Ⱥ֮֮һ
ϾҲǺǻۿԵҰޣ෴ǿ޲ȥ
Щǿ飬ŵؽĳɳţӦ˶ģǵؽݻĽǿޱȡ
ǲĵشͳߡ
С壬Ƿ֮Ҳĳɳ
ûаҲһǳⷽĿǣǰЩޡ
ңЩ棬ǿЩʹǷҲҪ˱ᣬǵǵĻƬĵشϵڷһʧȥ˽̻ı⡣
Щ£Ӧĵشǿɣ̻֮¡
ǿвޣǳᾯӶɽĿеʥأҲ֮١
ǣڵ廹Զûǿֵزʮʱ䣬ҲԽ붥޵۽磬㳲ɽˡ
ˣ϶϶ڸ
ԲĶңҰȻö˵Ӯˣնɱôǿ޺Ҳ޵ľ裬Щǿޣʮطۡ
ʮطۼˣҵ񣬾ȫʧˡ
Ļ֮˵Ŀģ׾Ʋĳ
ճ˵ȷʵǽӽ޽⡣
޵ǻۣϾͻʶǵĴС
ϧǲ˽ؽıעաһ㶼š
̻ҪȨ޷ǳߣǿ̡
ʹһЩʮطۣҲûнȡʸ񣬷ؽǿڶ࣬Ҳ᲻ֻؽˡ
Ҳڽȡ󣬲˽⵽ⷽϡ
ؽ粻ţıԵʱ̲ͣ絮ٵصĳ
ĳҲǲڵʵҲԶǰȥۿֻᱻ˲ɱΪڵؽԵıȫǲǾˡ
磬º󣬾ݻĵش
ޣʵǵؽһֻ֣нǾնɱŻعأȫһصĹ򣬴ĵشݻһ֮ء
ǵǻȻߣǱܵȴѭһĹ
ֻҪĽ̻Χһʼͳһ֮ȥģЩʮطۼޣ͸᷽
ҲǷ̻ķΧڰԭԴΪ㡣
ﷶΧǿҲǾطʣҽǷʳںڣǷӦķ롣
ͽٰ֮ˡ
ҡҡͷûзϣ˭ĻģҲġ
ֻҪؽ磬жıƣǸơ
Ŀ⣬ǰĽֽϡ
ôĹ򣬽ֽǸ˿˿ɱ֮ȫʢʱڲͬնҲӰ췽ۿ
֮ݣĳǰ
ԭҪô૵֮ԭܼ򵥣ͬһ㣬ֻϣĵر
ԭܼ򵥣Ҫȴûôףѵ㣬ڱĵرϡ
ʧȥĵرôı޸Ӳ˶ûκˡ
ֽϣ֮
̫̫ˮ࣬ҹظ
ĵر³͵˲֮ʼ졭
ȡһͬȼĵرںϡ
ֹ֮һŵģǳɹķڽֽ滹дһ仰
ÿ˵ͬȡãҪпǡ
Ҫ˵ͬ㣬ɱ֮ĳöԿУ۳֮ꡣ˼΢ǰһűòĹâǿɱ֮ɢݶ
Ƿ۵֮ꡣ
֮Ҳ֮Ϊġ
׹Ϊʲôûаȥֽϵɱ֮ʡһ裬۲֮ˡ
ʱ֮꣬ûκ̬ȵԺȷ̬󣬲Ż̶
֮꣬ˣϵĻָһ֣
ֻ˵ʺҵķġ
Žֽϼŵ֮һʱȨ󣬷οհᡣ
ҵķ˵Ĳͬ
ҪĵرңҪ֮ӳ
֮ǿ淨ɱҪط֮ϡ
뿴֮󣬷һͬһ̼䣬;˵ɳʢȻʼ·̡
һ˲䱬֮ǿǳ
䣬ߵĵرΪ
½ǣһ޶ǿ֮淨֮ϡ
ҵ֮ûңһ㶼ûԲⲻΪ˴Եʡ
Ҫȥ磬ѰһԵԴҵǿ֮
֮ô׾ɵģļ
ڿʼҲ߳Լĵ·Ǿڱ˵淨ϡ
ҵĵ·۾͸
ꡣ
һ֣ɫϣֶһѺۡ

ʱš
ɽ
գҿľݡ·ܼȺڵ
ҡĵ˾ȫעţΨ©һ֣Ӷ
ʮʥǽ쾳۷壬˶̤ľԼľݣǸĹע
תֻأû뵽滹ôླ磬ǲ̫Զˡ
ڶľͿԿʼˣ֮ʼںϡ
˷ܴ˼
ûдѪȱȫĵشԵʣҵ˵Ľ죬ȴ򣬻ȴ൱֮á
ˣյĽ
ǾͲˡ

ʲô
ҵȻһʱȴһסˡ
ʦʲôطĲãСʵ
ΨʲôطĲãλɽʦ
Ҳ׷¶֮̿ɫ
ɽǵĿУǷǲĽɫǶʧȥĺ
޹أҪ뿪ûңҲҪȥͻƵתаš
˵ҵ˲˵
ǿڼʮǰָɱʱǵԺ
ʹҵ˶ǽȣҲ֪֮Щ޻ĺԶ뷽ˡ
лʦĴ̻塣ҡĵ˴ͷأĵĸм
֪Ѿ˰
˲ȥӰȻ̾Ϣ



1442 
ưꡣ
ӵǿ˵ʱ䲻ֵһᣬǶԷԣȴ൱ǰµ
Ҳǳ¡
ԽʵԽѣ淨Ǽɬޱȣǧ꣬޽չҲ֮
̻ĵһ׶Σˡ
¡
غԼ䣬޵֮ͬȪʹ飬ҲǸоԼ֮ϵĽ
Ȼ˷⣬ⷽڵˣɽûõĻҵˣһ
ԭˡ
˼漴¶һ˿Цݡ
̻˵һ׶κ󣬷Ǿ뿪ˣҪΪλʱȥɣȻûôʱ䡣
ԭǺܱգϾ廹ʮСǰݾʮǰĻֵһͽ޹Ķͣ÷ԲڵĶ޶ɱɾ
Ҳʹã޵󽵡
ֻҪҵСΪϣĳɳ׳ȡ޳Ϊⷽصˡ
ҲǷǵĿ顣
Ƭ̺󣬷𣬻Ϊһâ뿪
ߡ
Уһ޵ŭȴǿŷȥ޿κΡ

ǡ
ʦ𣬵ǰС
˴⣬Ҳ󣬵æڣ٣Ȼᱩ¶ڱ˵Ŀ¡
һˡŷ˵ͷ淨ǲ
ʹǵ뷽׵ضĻҲûаϢĽ뽣˷֣յ淨֮ǿɴ˿֪ĳЩʱЧ
һ
ǺǣҪšЦҲ㽻淨
ÿ˶ԼĻǿҪ˽Ļ˭ԵǣԵؽйС
ң淨̣ܿҲܡ
˿
ҪóֻĻ治֪ô죬ҪڸҲ
ֻе߾磬Ϊֻ֮״Ӻ󣬲ܴˡ
ˣ뿪ɣһ١
лʦ𡣡

ͬϴ뿪㣬ֱͳ˵ؽ磬١
Ҫҵûôˡ
ȻȥĻ¶кܴļʱ֣ڷȻһİա
ôȥ硣
磬Ҳʮ󶥼֮һңͬλ̫ؾ
Ƕ磬ҪһĴֱӷɹȥ̥Ĥǿ϶ǲеģȫΪ
Էõͳؽ磬׼ñǰ
ؽã˭Ҳ֪Ǳ߻˭ţʥĿͶϾͻᱩ¶૵
ȡؽ磬ǱĶȥ磬Իᱻص㿴ˣкܴĿܣʥעһ
ܷ󲿷ֵľֻϣǽҲ졣
淨ڶ㣬ҪԲҪȵһǧ궼ڻ£ƿĻʱûдҲ
ֲֻط°빦ֻ֮Ҳ踨ĺڰʯǽϣҲԶܺ͵洫淨ȡ
ԲֻתȻܴɣҲûгɹ
ֻתȻûдɣҲŲСʩչ֮󣬼ʹʮطۣҲαװȻʥǰΡ
ʥ߸ϣڣֻҪͨ뽣磬ֻת
ϰ취߽·ӡ
͵ؽһǣطÿһʱ䶼˸Ѱҽӡ
ĳ磬ǽĽ֮һǰ׼
º󣬾ͻнĽʹ
磬һ߼磬һǧǰ⣬˻Ӳ㣬ʹµĽûе˷ҪʲôȴҲᱻĽ֣߱档
һųȥܿϢĴ̥ĤûоκһˣС
磬һƧɽϡ
ϥ
΢֮Уһֻ绺ٳɽˮ䣬һʵ硣
Ŀ⣬ֻϿա
һ޴У·һڶ㣬޾ֻһпʼֽ⣬Ͷڶ
ֻ类ɣģڶĲֳָ
ȵֻ糹׵ķֽ⣬ΪڶϱɺһӴ̣ڷ󣬱ֳ֣ÿһֶǽȻͬ·һ硣
̡૵
ֻΪ۳ֻ̣תĳɹǵϣֻصĸɣ˵͵޵ֻ֮ûй֮ͨͲö֪ˡ
תԶûɣοֻء
ʱϣֳɵУֶԵЩãֻλ·һ֣ĿͶĻܿ쳾˼̬
ͨ˵ϲǿߵݺᣬ
гĻ𾪵ķ֣һϣֳ˼ɽɽˮˮȻһģһ
ʼɡ
̵룬һ޴ĺڶǿûпܣǹץԼͶ˺ڶ֮С
֨֨~
̻ת˾޴죬·ʲôǰ
Ȼ̵תȴ޿ɵֵ
~
һҰ಻һڷϵĴ֮ߣ飬뷽˿
ȵһ֮ҲϿϵ֤ʧ˵ڵķǲڵġ
УһĲ֣Ӱ֡
Ͷ̥תһӤͶһңСʮСΪ֮
ȳ󣬸ǳɹͶ˳磬֮һţϣʮһգĬĬ
ȻһðУһء
ϵĻ棬չһֵʱͣͣͣһ߳
ֵһ̣һ𶯣֮˷ϡ
~
Ȼ鿪Ϊâ뷽ڡ
۾ŷһС
һĻĻݻĳǸ˵ĳɳ̣ǼٵģʵڣǳеһƬΡ
ڵķͬȡǸĽţ
֮Ĵ֮ߣҲȫλŵġ
̵֮
ֻû̫ǿţֱӻȡϢ޸ģͬ÷ת
ҲֻڣΪһжǼٵģαôãֻ̽óλŵĽۡ
ֻһݵĻ׾ͻᱻ𴩣ңû׺Ϳɹ̽ĹȥҪȡҲϼѣ಻㡣
ֻתɣֻ߾ĻܸĹƾմһʵڵӰʱ䳤ӣǲ졣
ڵĻĺԶֻķʽ
ҾǽţĬ



1443 Ĭ
ĽţΪĬ
̫ٻǳ̬ĵرʣҲ˹ȥǲûһ
õ޵ĵرʵɻۿۣҺ㹻졣
ֻǣȡݣʮط۶쳣ʲôطֻóҾǳĬĽۣǣĵر͵޵ȴڵô̫ǿĵˣ̼޺Ҳᱩ¶

Ҳû취ģ̻ƣֻ֣һģЧȻҪϲ١
ˣƽʱҪעһ׷ӳȫ
ڳ磬û÷ˣʹڽ磬ڶʱҲ⡣
˭뵽һոս뽣磬ˣоطʵʵء
ȵԺ󣬵ȵ֮ʼᱩ¶ĿԸ͡
̫ٻ𣬴ӽ𣬾ͽнڽɡ
е̫ٻ𣬷˾ԭؿ˻ᣬûд©󣬷ڿն𣬳ŵķȥ
š
ԶԶɽţܸоǿҵɱ֮УžͬؼһѾ޽ɢ޾ɱ
ǽĽ֮һ٣˽޵ľ񡣡
˭
󵨣ôš
һһŷ򼲷ɶٶȼ죬ֻڽӽʱȴϳͬʱͣ
ԭǳʦ֡
УһӺһŮֳŷǷ΢΢
ûиıòȻԭģǰ֮˾ǳĬһֱˡ
̵ı˳һУ÷׵ȡĬ
Ժļ䣬ĬӰȵȣ˷ģȵĴӴ֮߷ϢҪ߳һ
ʦܣʦá
ӻȡļУϳ˵ϣҲ˵ֱŷȥ
֣оʦֺе㲻ͬĪ˲СĻʦüЩֵ˵
ôȡһˣҲĬһģһ
ٽһԷΪȡ
Ҳ֪һ㣬ѡĿʱ򣬲ѡ˳Ĭˡ
ڶͬĬʮֳĬһˣ˶ӡȻҲ̡
ʦҲЩ֣ΪʦǼٵġ
ûʲôֵģϽѡμЩһŬƴҪٳ߸ͷһʦܵ
ǰϣջɡʦõ˵ͷ
»Ϊһһ⣬Хȥ

ͬǻصԼУᳵ·Ľţص˳Ĭסĵط
ûŵ֮ʱ˻ᣬǸ涼û¶Ҳͱˡ
º󣬾ǽĽʹѡš
Ƚ˽磬಻㣬̫֮ٻɡ
ںϣ֮滹ܷ֮룬̫ٻ߱ɱ֮Ӷһޡ
΢һűòĹâڷǰ
̫ٻĸ֮·
֮У޾ɱ̫֮ٻʱţ֮³

ɽϡ
ŵƽеĳŵĵȴš
Ǻ棬һˣʦܺʦúȻڡ
˵ڴֽŲ
˶𣿡ƽһصգѯʵ
ĬûһµĳϴҪҪȥߴ٣
ԣƽüͷ
ļ棬ԳĬίʵû̵ӡ˵Ƕɫĵӣ˵Ĭǽţܽţ˿վģһǳĽء
ˣһࡣƽҡҡͷûʲôӡҲûпܱѡУ޹ؽҪ
~
һ𣬽շֳ룬ǿɨɽ
ˡƽһڳĬͱԺ
һɢ޾ӰлܾһŲŤĽ⣬ʱ̶ڷһУĿȥһֱĿ¸о
ӭʹˡ
ӭʹˡ
ƽΪף˶æ
š
ʹ䵭ͷ̤ŤĽһЩ¶
Ȼ麣
ƽ̧ͷһۣ̲ס
û뵽ǰģȻǶ麣ڸĽʹУһĴ
һ㶼طĽʹ棬аطֵʱ
Ӧ麣˼Ӷһ⡣
ƽап࣬Ȼб׼ڣطͰطһ
麣֣ɻʹͨѶȴ
ϣƽȻҷʲô麣ʼѡ
ϻ˵ҪĽţҪҵı׼ܼ򵥣˭ҵһ֧ʮ룬ء麣һһѹطĳ̶ȡ
˵꣬Ҳܱ˵ķӦ
麣ϣȻɳһ磬ڿѸչΪһεɫľ޴󳤽ɵڶŵϷңңն
~
ɲǼ䣬ŤĽεϼˡ
麣һ£·նֲ˼㡣
~
ʱ˲ҽг¶ѪŤ͸˷·𱻷ֳ㣬ήڵأоǿ־塣
һ룬룬롭麣ĮȻûʮ룬˶˵ϣȻû˺ۣȴǾ
ÿµһƽ̿ЦȻһͨ˶ûС
ţһ겻һꡣ麣еʧ



1444 һ֪
ƽ̵нп࣬ȴֲҶ˵ʲô
麣һȷʵάطĳ̶ȣûֱӹˣǽ塣
Ȼڳȫڳɳģʵ㣬ܸЩȡ
ǱĽʹǰûô߱׼ĻźôҲһܹͨӶԽ뽣磬ھȫˡ
תһ룬麣Ҫ֮ߣôĴڣҲʲôý
ʱ򣬳һѡ˶ûУ޹⡣
ƽвֻ֪ãֻϵù
ϣһΣϸĽš麣һ䣬׼ת뿪ǰĴ֮ʱ
ţ
麣΢䣬һ̣һŤ⣬˲Ϣʧ
У˺յĺոȻǵĿ⾪ɲ
⡭
麣Ĺٶƽ̵ɶͷԣԷϽ磬ʵԶԼˣҲҶ˵ʲôŷ˹ȥ
ףǵǾסĵطһλüͷ麣λãȵҷ壬ǲǳĬס
Ĭƽɫ죬û֪Ĭ˭Ͼող
麣û뿪ȴ˳ĬˣΪʲôĬûй֪𣿡λѯʵ
ǰʱ䣬ĬȥһΣʱ򣬶еԼȥһξأò׻Żˣȴʧ˾Ķǰ֮λ룬
ƺջ񣬻󣬾Ϳʼ˱չأֱδء
ƽ̵˵ͷסеɻ󣬴麣ȥ
ƽ̣û뵽ŻһλӰôĽûǿ麣ڣΪϲ
Ҳ󣬵һ¶Цݣƽ̵־ϲɻ
ǿ
麣Ҳ˵
ƽ̵Ŀȥǵʵ麣Զ˲ûиоվҲһ¶ʱо˲ͬ
ҷϣûֻзסķݣ˵ĿȥȻһֱյĸо
ӷķУһ˿˿ƥĽ
ƽ̵˵۹⣬̾͸оˣĴ̶ȣ£Ȼ֮ȡ
ֻǣȴʮС
ȵȣԣСƽɫ΢䣬ĸ֪ӷķĽʼۿɼٶǿ
ĬȷʵӦǵõһžֻһǿڿ쵽˹ɵʱ򡣡λ̲ס²
ǾǿֵһᣬĶģĽ֮⡣麣̾ŷΧĲã֮ɫ
ңΨΨܲ
ĬȻһ͵ŶУҲȷʵдϣʮִۡλϵƽ̽͡
Ȼ֮ǰĳĬȻ⣬Ҳûд⵽˵ز
̫֮ٻںϣĽŻ˴⡣
Ҳʮĥ£۳֮꣬˵Ҳûʲôĵط
~
ӷĽԽԽǿûãݺᣬ˺գŷζ
ƽ̵˶ɫ΢䣬ȥԳݺĽΨ麣˿Ӱ졣
ʲô
ɽϣոմ麣һлָˣĿɿڴĿҷߵ״оǺɫ
ҷ壬ǳĬסĵط
ǿƣôĽ⡣
Ī俴ǰҷ֮ϵ麣ƽ˵Ľ
ʦ
ȺУǺͷйһ֮Եʦܺʦöǿҷķ鸴֮
ˣãȻ
Ĭ֣һмལвɫǴӴ˿𣬿ȴҪ䴫ˡ
ܱط麣ӣһĳ磬ܼ
ʮһգϣǰһЦ˵ľԴϣδ롭һλĬЩĵ̾Ϣ
ûзģҲʼһ
˶ǰԵ⡣


麣۾ԽԽͻȻ
εɫĳɳŤŷңңն
~
ӷ̼佫ҷ廯һƬ𺣣漴ƽ̵𾪵ĿУһԻ
𺣱һϯӭնε
ཻնʱѿ⡢Ĵɽ
ε߸麣С
ôܡƽ̵˵ɴ۾
·𺣷ִֿӻл



1445 뽣
Ĭ
Ŵӻ̬߳Ȼ֮𺣱׵ķƽ̵˶Ǻֹ
һ֣·ʶޱȵĿŷ
ţ˫ཻȴ·ĺһĻԺС
ãܺá麣Цݣûһ˿һĲ죬ʮĿŷ
ƽ̣λϡȻ
λ麣ˣӽĽʹƻعæ
ԣ̧ͷ麣һۡ
ط
麣ڷȻǲֵһᣬʱ򣬸ʲô̿η壬ڰݵǳĬ
麣΢΢Ƿ
ƽ̵˴󾪣æʹɫΨΪܣ麣Ӷ޷뽣硣
Ǻǣ޷麣ǲΪ⣬ıֲġ
ὣ֮⣬ôôĽء
ǳĬɣϲ㣬ͨҵĿ飬ʮһ㡣麣˵
ı֣Ȼͨ˿飬һ֧ʮ룬ֱһƽɫ
ʵ׼֪١
˵꣬麣Ϊһ˺գ뿪š
ڣƼʸ߸һ䣬麣ҲĴҪߡ
ʮ𡣡
̫ٻҲ֮ʧ첽߻ҷ塣
Ȼҷһ°٣ȴ⡣
ƽ̵ˣ˵ͷ󣬾Ͳᡣ
˵չ鲻ĳĬõİ취˵ݺΨнĽ
Ĭеӡ󣬻ûƫ̫Զ
û뵽ĬȻд˼̥ǣһԾΪ켶ǿߡһλϿŷ˵Ľ
ǰѳӦµõģ
麣طһƽɫʵȻԶ
УҲֻƽһˣط
ԭĳĬˣҲֻ켶
طҪһǺε֮ѣû뵽Ĭȥˡ
Ҳŵƽ˿¶ЦݣӣĬ׼ȶһ¾磬Ըȥκ˴
ҷ塣
֮Уɮ붨ǰ̫ٻһƽɫ𣬷ա
Դӷͨ麣ĿϢģǲϤģһ˳ùϵ˭֪뽣󣬷Ȼһɳ졣
Ȼɵ˵ҷ֮⣬ȴǲǿ
ǳʦ֣ޱȵķʮ겻һˣѾһеǿߡ
Ҫгʦļͺˡ
ɽϣĽķ˵¡
~
ͻȻһӾһֻ̺ˣǿʵȻڵϰһ£ڵء
ô£༸˶һ
ǲ֪ĿǵӣֿҷķͻȻ˲ҽһʧǡ
£ÿµĽӲ
ʣ༸˴ʧɫãȻ䣬ͻȻоҷ巽򣬼𣬲ǳǶ
ȻǵĿһʱĶҡһֻȼĿֲо
źܿ췢쳣̽Χٶȸ룬ҷ帽ճһƬ˶־ηʶȶԼľ磬
ǽգʼհڵһλ˲
Ǳ˵ĻԽ뽣ǺεȹҫĴ£϶Ҫһȴûκף˼ⲻǽʲô
ţҲ𽥴￪ȥ
ʮʱ䣬û˷ѡ
ĬʵԷ˵ȻֵһᣬڽϵԼԽ޵⣬ǳԷһЩģֲȱʧ
ҲǽЩĵã𽥵ĻΪС
ҷϣŷĲ򣬽ݺᣬͬ
ʮһ麣һһŮҷϷ˷⣬һһŮǳͨѡˡ
麣Ϊ⡣
ԭΪǰʲôջû뻹һЩϲġ
ľϲȻǷ
һһŮȻ緽Ҳһ֧ʮ룬ͨ˿顣
ߡ麣
һŤ£Ȧס˷
оûκɱ⣬ûеֿ
һʧҷҲǻָƽֻлؼɱ֤֮ڹ
磬麣˳һͨ쳹׵ľ޴ǰ
޴Ĵ󣬷·ڻɣһ˺յĸо
߰ɣȥ硣麣
΢΢һͣͷ˳һۣͷӹ˼
ԣһ͡
ҲǾģ̫ĺۼۣûأҲû˽
Ͼ̵޵еģԳĸıʱţʧ
ڼнĻǻᷢԳ綯ֽš
ʱݱ¶¶Ҳ޹ؽҪˡ
ĸпջĿ⣬̤ɵĴ



1446
~
̤봫һ̣Χѹâָͬһ
˺ѣֳһǿչ·
ǿչ·ϣԸоɲǼԽԶľ룬һ
ĬȻؽǿչ·ͬĵطԼͬĵط
磬̫ؾ֮⣬Ҫ뽣磬ȻҲҪǿչ·ؽĿٷʽͬڡ
ɫ䣬һһŮľ棬Ȼǵһξ
ǿչ·ϵʱ䲻ܿ죬ͽ̫ؾִ｣硣
뽣һ̣һεӹɨȫ÷һֻ¶͸ĸоһܶΡ
ϲԶ֮⡣
򶨣ֲǳؽǻᣬʲôʱ򣬶ڽ磬ɲһ֪
ϲԶ֮⣬Ǹڽ̥Ĥ֮ϵнˣᱻɨ裬ͬǸ߸ϵĲ죬飬һС
ˣҪǱ뽣磬Ͼͻᱻ֣ҲܴӦԣɱץص㿴ˣӵȵȣϲԶ֮ĴڣʹҪ͸磬Ѷȷǳ֮
ϲԶ֮Ȼ˲䶴һ˵ܣվȲʥ
վŵ޵壬֮ԼǳڵĻ˭һۿǵޣȻ̵£ӵϵ֮ߣȴڳĬġ
ϲԶ֮ҪһˣҲ֮ͨ߶ֻųֻ֮淨޷ȣƲһ㣬֮ͨ߷ϢȻҲǴġ
ٺ٣ҪǱ뽣磬ϲԶ֮һѵ㣬֮⣬̥ĤϣŴν
麣Ҫ͵뽣Ļ̾ͻνʹǿʮطۣҲǷˡ
Ѱ˼š
һĴȫͬһطܴ̥Ĥġ
ʥǿн룬Ҫôͨʥټӳֵ룬ǿչ·֮࣬ҪôǴӱıԵشǱ롣
ȻؽԵ絮ٵصĳֲ߼ϲԶ֮ʹνҲŸԵķֶΣҪǱ룬Ǻ֮ѡ
룬õİ취֮һ
תۼ䣬˾ͽ˽磬һ޴Ĺ㳡ϡ
û⡣Ŀһɨ麣΢΢˵ͷ
ӭ磬Ժǵļ԰麣һɨ˷ƽһһŮڴͻ̿֡
ԺĻһΡ麣ָһһöɢŤƣ͵˷ǰ
һʧ
һһŮĽ麣뿪ǰûκζԷӡ
ڳʱҲ֪˷֪һ麣һƽɫǲ֪ǿ٣ҲĽȴɡ
û麣뿪
麣Ǹһ˵ҲطĽʹȻ÷ȴҲĲ֣ڸߴ۲졣
´磬ҽ࣬ǹ£ԺաǶŮ˹Щη˵
ǿҶԳ磬ȻҪһš
΢΢ͷ
ս뽣磬Ҳ׼Ͼ뿪׼˽һЩ˵ҽؽ粻ͬڵĵطҲʲô֮ǣɳ̶Ҳܸߡ
ҵطš˵Ŀһɨ漴첽ߵ˹㳡һԡ
λ磬Ǹȥδ๧
Ŀһۣ½֮ˣǺǣ˰û𣿡
һҲɵϣ׹ԷҪô
ҲͰˣеģǶԷǾӸµﲻм̬һš
Ҫ֪ͨ麣Ŀ飬ڳҲһţλ磬ĸ
ڽһССĻȻҸɫж󣬲ԶҲԽܡ
㡭ɫһס
ŹĹҲһ֪롣
Ǵû뽣󣬻
ʲô㣿ǣԼĴʲôڽ磬ҲøţͷҲĹءм
͹²ҷʶҪ
ЦҲ˳ĿȻӴĿһ̣ͻȻ䣬ɫ䣬оһȻڣɲǼ䣬·һ޴Ļը类ա
ط
ŵŵţһ̱ڵأоǾ塣



1447 
㳡ϣֹһ
ߵĶ̾ˣתۼ䣬˾ͱذΧ
ЩǿһҲ켶𣬲ǻǿȥԷȴǺ޾ɫ
ô
͹޴룬֪ԴнݺᣬڤĽ磬ȫһ
طһֺΧͬ
մˡЩ¶ϲɫÿһ·ţһĸߴ˽Ŀһɨڷϡ
ҵֵܣմЦմ½طʵҲǲˣڽ磬ʵԶԶ˵ĵطʹǣҲаط;طʵĴط˸ǱȱȽǡ
Ϊ⻹ڵ磬ʵĻͳҹȥ
մ˵ʵҲطԷһ㶼ţʮ㡣
Į͹¸ǴҴһڡ
ˣϻ˵ǳէ£¾ҽҹʵʵӰŰɡûз˼մ˶ʱЩʧɨ˵İ˰֡
һ֣ʱȡɫ
Ƿ⽣ϺǵȫҲǵմ˵ɫ͵ǰ
һ⽣Ч͹¶ʱ¶˲Ըɫ
һϷ⽣ǵȫͬڷˣ֣ľû˻ܡ
͹µ飬մЦһԸ⣬뷴
ϵĺָһЦǼ˾ǲԸ⽣ģʲô³ԼƣҲǿСطһ˲ŵķϣŸǺú˵򡭡
մ˲ĿˣƺͲ˻ᷴƵġ
͹˳մ˵ָľȥ˹㳡һߵ
½뽣磬ƺᱻ͵㳡ҲΨһģʱգǽޣʱʱ㳡
Щʹִ󣬶뿪
մָ˾Ǹոձ磬ҲҪϷ⽣Ȼϣ˳ͻȻ󱻴ǱϷ⽣ûκθı䡣
ࡢе
˵ʵ˿֮£Щǰȴûκηء
Ը⣬Ը⡣æǰһ⽣ϡ
æЧ¡
´磬úǰȰ
մ˵Χס˷
áȥһ⽣ϡ
ʶࡣôϣմҲʧȥȤ²Ǵߣ˳̽ǵĹء
ǡһ˳

㳡ԶһУս뽣磬˷˵麣վڽ棬µŹ㳡ķ
麣ԣһӡ
٣Ȼûд֡㳡ϵ麣Щ죬Ϊ̲ס֡
ҲЩʧ
һ׼֣ⱻ޲ڵĽգжɫҡҡͷ
ûзҲûжֵɡ
ɡ麣ȥķˣЩڴ֪ʲôʱ

г²ĺȽϽ̸һ·ϣǵֹ˵˳д
֮ܶڿʼǾͱǷһС²˵
磬Ȼġҡ
ʵ룬ʵ̫󣬷Խܡ
ǡ²ָ
Ҫ뿪ǣҪʲôҪ󣿡ͻȻڵһ·ϣ˵һھҪ
͹ԣҲ¶ڴ֮ɫطһ̶Ըˡ
ǧ꣬ߣ忪⽣ֻҪ֮һǾ뿪²
ʧɫ
ȫ⽣ʲôȥ֮忪һǧ꣬˵ޱȵ
Ϊʲô磬ѵһ𣿡¸ǳĬ
²Ҳȥ˵ʧǣǴǵס󣬾ֱ뿪ˡ
סĵط
ǰ©ľݣ̲ס˳
Уƫƫסĵطȴ˵ªΧĻǶӣס˻լܡ
ЩԹ޵Ŀ֮Իסô϶ǷǻԱ²Ю˽ˡ
ȻطʵԶǿڴҵͨˣ䣬ԷľηҲ֮ʧ١
ȥ࣬ѡһݣ˽ȥһš
ָĦŷ⽣¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ȻϣһУǽĥ¡



1448 
ӽǿʼһֵĸоʶеĽ粻ͬ
ǵûؽ⻷ҸӲһ硣
ʱоɻҲһЩ²⣬ݵǴû磬ԶҲһ֪ĳĬɻֻѹ
ǵ麣ĳȥ㳡ϵĻ𣬱ƴϷ⽣סȫΪͨˣȻס©֮С
ԼԽ˽⣬Կ϶
ڵĵطǲŽ磬˵ӦλһٳĶռ֮УĽż
û´ĻǵִǶԽеĽ޵ĥ¡
ÿһˣǵ޲һ콾ĸλ֮ܿܿϣ˶󣬺ܿͻʶԼǺεȵС͸ӳˡ
ҪĽ磬ͱ߳ȥ
۾ƲŽĿġ
ЩŶԣеجΣӸ߸ϵһ콾Ϊһͨķˣǵȣһ죬һء
͹µı֣ܸܵǵ֮󣬷޷ܣ߻ӱʵ
ǵĿģͨЩ޴ЩνŴ䷲մȾ࣬ǰЩŵĳɳ̫˳˳ˮˣûоĥѺʹۣǶԽ˵ҪĲˣΨܴӴۼɱ۲صģĽޣǱϿɵĽš૵
ôΪɱһǿء
ľУֻֿܣҪôǾʹ˳٣ǧ뿪ˣĳɾͿ֪ȻȻˣһˣԡƷ⽣ӵԶǰδ
΢΢һЦ
ǣǽ㣬뿪ֻг忪⽣ȷġ
ԼΪһ콾ģô߸ϣپĥѣȴ᱿ǳͨһ㣬ǵĥĿġ
ô׹ǱҲ̫ӳʼʧǺʹлعҲһ㡣
ǡ
֪Ѱ΢΢̾Ϣ
֪֪ҪǺ֮ѣ֪ĥµĿģҲ൱ִҪʲôƫƫͲҪͻƣ忪⽣ѶȻ
һأ׹
أҪҪһĥ£˼ţ
ŷ⽣
⽣ܷޣǾ뵽оطʵʵֻҪ룬Ͼǿг忪⽣૵ַʽõ޵ǿΪ֮ͳĹطʽ
忪⽣Է˵ףҪˣ˽֮УҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
Ҳǽޣĥ¶˵ҲôܸӼᶨҵҵԣͬʱԽ޵⣬Ҳҵʵǿݴ
ܿ죬˾ⷬĥ¡

ڶ졣
߳סʼΪƶȻͨˣȻҪΪһͶæµŬĴȥ
УеǹᣬǴ۵ػ
ֵͼ۵Ĺƽʱǿһ۵ĻᶼûУ˭ȥ
ͼȴ⡣
һ͸߸ϣע֮ӵЩˣ෴ĳɾͣǷһɱ޵еƴģڵĿУξľǷḻ
һƾɵУҵһʱȵ¯ԣзӡȫķӺ꣬ϴǰ顣
ķǳ죬ǿӵ±Ϣ麣˵ͷЩȡ
Ŀ죬ҲǲҲͬĳ忪⽣ޱ飬
ԣ麣˵ͷûж˵ʲôǷԸ¼۲졣
ҹĻ١
ƣصݣһۣ͹µķûκζһ㣬ǻ΢ĺˡ
ȵ˵졣
ˣˡķУϲĴ󺰣г˳Ȼɫ԰Ǿȴǿ֮
µķݱƿһѷ죬˫Ŀŷࡣ
ĥ£һжǽǵĥ£ǶǵĿ鰡ֻҪһʱ䣬һܳ忪⽣뿪طʮ˵Ӿ޴Ĵлعˡ
ԭµ۾âҲһС΢̣¶绨Цݡ
බӾ˷ǰ´磬ǰжԹޣ֪ԭ¡
ǶԳ磬ϣУҲܻӦЯСһ񣬴ݵ
޷洫
ʱ࣬ΪҵŬķԼϣȣġ
̷֮Ҳǻǵ֮С



1449 Ӣ׳־
ʱţȥ
Ǵӽ뽣絽ڣȻȥһꡣ
˰
ſƮѩĺ磬૵ӿиоһ˿⡣
⽣ȷʵǷǳǿȻܷߣǱȴǽ˻سͨˡ
һ켶ǿߣʹô壬ĹУҲȻᾭεĴ̥ǣԶǿڷˣˣıܻţԶʤͨˡ
£Ҫó뽣Ľᵽͨ˵ǲʵġ
ǣ⽣ȴˡ
˻˷ˣڷ⽣£һܵȣܵ䣬Ҳһƣ
˲òпǳԶ֮֡
Ҫ˺һЩڲ忪⽣ǰ£Ҳе䡣
ӣ߻Уһ£ŲϽͷ
ѩԽԽ󣬳ģѹϡ
֨֨
𽥱Ļѩڷһнӡ漴Ʈѩн䵭ֱʧ˿ۼ
Ŀĵš
ڵĲ֣¿Էֳ飬ڳ
ڳλǵĺģλʱĹ㳡ֻռǲʮ֮һķΧ
סڳˣǸάתˣ麣ȽʹҲմ˵ȻЩˣ϶Խ硣
ռʮ֮ŵľ޴ǷЩ½뽣ˣסĵطˣҲΪ
뿪ǵ忪⽣;סǧꡣ
ǧʱ䣬֪жңʹǧǣϰ˴˵صĥƽ˽޵ǣȥ磬жǰ;أˣѡڴ˵صģڡ
ҲǽΪ֮
뽣ͶǣΪĥǣھ޴ԡΪǡ
ԣǱҪڳ˲Ͻ֣Υ޲س͡
һȻķۣȴҲǳƽ
էסȻƫƧĵطһ·绪ߵΪٵĵشԵĵ̡¥֮ҲԽԽࡣ
ףǲǳĬ𣿡
һ¥ϣŴ̨ˣķ
Ĭβһһվ롣
˵룬˷˼̧ͷһۣܶԷģȻʶ֮ˣǵһ꣬ȻȻģύһЩˡ
Ҳá£˵ͷ
γԶΪûκĿģҲδɡ
뷽ˣһ½ᣬһ棬뷽ЩһҲͽ
½֣֡˾¥󣬷΢һ֣ڿŵλ
ϣڷһƣ½ϸǴһɵζ
üͷ΢壬ԺȾȴûʲôȤ
Ȼ˷ˣȻҲһƷ˵ϲŭ֣ƣҲǲȱٵһ½Цһ
ԣ΢΢һЦûоܾ˵ĺ⣬ԺȾûȤ˽΢մմͷˡ
̸䣬
ͻȻ
һڲԶþ¥е˶Ϊ֮Ŀ
ſңſҡһȵӷžƷ裬С
ˣѹǮѾˣҪĻ֧ǮСޱ飬˵꣬ʵòǮˣʱҡҡͷǿ׳ĴƷӣӳ˾¥Ǳˤѩ
·ԵЫ㿪ӡ
ţࣿ΢΢һԷ䣬¶ҷµݣ뷽һ뽣ࡣ
¥һЩ
һ
СӺö춼ȵˣһʼЩƣʧȥϣһʼȾϵǮ˾͵Ҷ˰ɣĳˡ
ߵԣǵûã𣬽ܲʵ
˰ʵ̫ˣҲ֪˶ٴΡ
š
Щ˵Ļ֪Ľ
ѩʵ࣬ӿ𵭵˼
ǰƺˣһǰս뽣ʱŵ顣
ˣӾ޴ĴлعĥĿĵܷ࣬ģ
Ҳˣ빢»Ͷ֮еʢ־

ֻ棬ּ䣬պڵϣƽغһ

һ̾
Ĭ½Щ졣
ʶˣǺһ뽣ġ
ĬһǾѹˡ½Ȼĵ˵ͷü䣬ȴûжٿ˼ˣ˵Լ
뽣磬ĵ׳־ҪڽһҵŲǰ֪еĵطȫһ½ԳһЦ
տʼʱҲãҲʧҲһѩࡣ
ŬΪò˶ãܳ忪⽣뿪طǣʱһȥҿκϣģɥʧҲһƶգȻĳһȻٷ𣬽ٶȾ˷ڵƽ
ò˶ãѾͻһˡ
½þƵëڵٵʱȾϵġ
ҸҲȥЦЦָָ½ᣬָָԼһʮǰĽ磬½һ㣬ھʮǰǶǶξϣӡ
˵Ĭһ꣬ȴʼպƽǾȡ
ȷʵһࡣ
ģ
ƺǱ֮ǣƺȶˣ΢Ҳ֪
̸ˣ뽣ʱ׳־˽״ľ٣Ҳ̸ڸԴʱ棬£Ҳ̸ˣټϵھΡ
Ӣ׳־ڣһ뽣Գɿա
û˵ֻǾĺŲ裬˵ƽǵ顣
·ͱѹȥ
ˡ
˶ȵھϰ˾Ǯ˷ѩ֮УӰʧ



1450 ֮
ǣڳ
麣վڸ߸ߵ¥֮ϣ·ƻͨĳ
˵ǲ̫пˣķ羰麣ͻȻڵƷ⽣뿪ˣмأ󲿷˶˴껪
ÿһʱ䣬㶼ô˼ЦЦ麣֡
ֻ˵İţ⡣
ҵĹ۵ﶼ߲ȥǽĴ󲿷ֵطȥҲա
ӵ
麣΢΢ͷҲ
½ˣ뽣ĽȣȻƵģǵĥ£ԡĻôʹ˽磬ҲֻΪײɼδػǺá
٣ƽġ
Ĭܷ߳أ麣Ŀ⴩͸գ˺ڰ

֨
©ľݵűƿ˳棬
һꡣ
ϴ½ᡢۣȻǹȥһ꣬ҲǷǵĵڶͷ
Աߣԭ뷽ڶӵࡢ£ھ󣬿ʼ״ҲȺ˳ȥ
ԷڹҪһõסլһ׵飬ǣûô˼
ǶǶԣһˣİﵱ˼ң˳þסĵطôҪ뿪Ҳûôˡķǳѣʼձ侲
뽣ˣᱻžסڼªıԵΪࡣ
˵Щһ֮ˣʹˣԸĵطһͻߣʶʱ벻ǣò״ͨ׷õҲ֮顣
ȴһ뷨ǡ١Ŀʼ
ʱǰٽŵǱϢĨƽж˵׳־תͷɿա
Ȼⲻ˵ƶһ뿪ˡ
һʼͱѵ־뿪ΪĿ꣬Ϊ֮Ŭάƶĥһ·
Ͷ٣׹쳾ȴӺ쳾ɱҲһ·
˵·ûбҪ
ƽ
ǵĥ£Ŀ飬ͬĵط;Ҳɱ
ˣͳ죬Ҳۿ֣½ᡢƽŵķͳһ࣬ȫһ뽣֮ˡ
ȻĿξŲʵĵطǣ㲻Ҳͱֲ
˵Ѿ߱뿪ǵΪԡ
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ܹۿ˳忪⽣Ḷ́ԸҪһʵ̫ѣһ忪⽣˻߰ٶǰ
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ٶǰǣ֮ͻȻħӴ˲κסκηլججգÿ궬춼ᶳȥһӵ
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˺ܿɢ
չ鲻ͬڷˣǷ˵Ļ¿϶ˣһʱգͻָ
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һŲפڵأѩƮģ·Ƕһѩˡ



1451 ֮
ѩ·ϻ˺һ㣬ֱûϥǡ
ҹɫҲ𽥱١
ӽֵһͷ߹ӰѩһһǳţĻϳ⼸˾еѣ½ᡢȻС
ǾõȷЩͷ͸ɴ˹Ҳ֪ס
ǸĬ֪ôģúõͥԺסƫƫҪסݡһ˱Թ
ǷסƫƧҲôԶˡ
ҷҲ΢µĳ嶯ȵ汻һһ·ǶЩ
ףǿ˭ѩˣ½ָǰ
ļҵƤСɡڴ
ǵģȻǽţҲˣǧ֮߳٣ܶԸ˼ͥȢӡ
ܿ죬˾ߵһһվѩǰ
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ⷬľٶʱ˵ע⡣
ǿѩ˺ͳĬ񣿡½عͷ˵
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·𿴵ˣһ͸Ľģγɣתʧ

ĳЦУ˲֪ʱվǿѹ˴
ע⵽ϵķ⽣Ȼ飬䡣
նڣʹ찡ʹ졣
һ콣⣬Ϸ𣬹âУݷ췭ظı仯ԭĲϲл
ָˣݡ
ˣ֪˴˯֪˳ŽȻȥ
ǿʵ̫ˣ˵ʱˣʵȻﵽطĲΡ

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վԭأ˼֮С



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Ŀǰһ֮忪⽣ĳ֪֮һ㣬Ƿ½Ƕһġ
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֮ԭҪ֮ն⽣½ǿҵлع
ΪޣȻ֪ʲô֮
Ҳ
½ϲ飬ƺҵ뿪ǵİ취ȴǰҡҡͷ
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Ҫߵ㣬ܻӳһ
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꣬ĶӣҪɹһ·ԶԶûеôס
½Ҫѧϰкܳ·Ҫߡ
ԼЩףΪʲô麣ˣûѹҪ֮ܳ忪⽣
ǰ֪δؾһ£֪ϣ֪Ϊ谭ԽԽɵá
ꡣҲһǵѡ
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һ¥ϣĿȥȫǣȨţڽг̡



1455 Ϣ
һ˵ǳҪôǼ뽣ɣԼҪôķĥ£ѡ
ѡ˼뽣ɣǷ
ȥδӡ
૵
侲ɳͷԡ
ǣðս뽣ĳԡ
ҽ뽣磬ΪΪ֮˵뽣ɣԴûаĻûбҪκɣ֮Ȼ
۽ģҽ뽣ĿģѾһ롣

ۣ֮󳬺
ǰķ̫ٻȴǽޣͬĻϣܷӳ޵һһڶͬʵ
ģڳһʱ󣬿Կʼת
õؽ֪ôаת»ŵĿɿڴ
Ҫ֪ȹתһٶ갡
תԽ֮ʱԽԽʮΪٵֱҪ׼
¹ҫȾ콾תڼʮתתǴеǿѪˣǳ¹ҫѪҲǿĴѪǳɳռߣɳٶȸǾˡ
ǣǻҪҪǴȥ֪˻޷ܡ
ĵشİʱ䣬ȻֻΪطϵ츳ʵ̫ߣõ洫£°빦۽ģʵԶȹתҲһİա
תüûǵʵ̫֮ٻĵȽٽҲ١
̫£ʵһתԼǳ嶯ЩСٵǿ
Ĵڣп﷭
ͬĴȻ᷸ڶΡ
취õ֮ˡ˼·
֮淨ֻеһ㣬漸ûõǱߣҲܵõ֮
Ҫ淨ǵ硣
͵ؽ࣬淨һ㶼ʥҲǽɣҲٲ£Ͳˡ
ؽôж֮ǣˣҲмСĻѧ淨
ǣȴĺ¡
ˣҪȷЩ֮淨Ǽɡ
૵
һѡһǿɾͼ롣
ЩԳԱԼܸߣһû֮Ҫͺ鷳ˣ⵽׷ɱΪ׸
뵽Ҳƽ
һºˣҲǱȱȱ

ڵĴǣΪǣʹҲǰеĴǣŻΪĸɣ˵ĵط֮һ
⣬һƫƧɽڡ
~
ڣһڰ׽֯Ĺâ֣γһģģ
ڷڣѹ֮ߵ̡
ŷ΢̶ʱתһڷϵĴ֮ߣʱһЩϸ΢ı仯
ˡ
˿ٴ飬Ϊâ˷ڡ
򣬷Ȼת̣Ϣٴν޸ģ۾طĻͻõĬȻͬϢ
Ҳ̵֮һȡĬȣȴǸܱȵġ
ȣ޸ķǳȶһսͻʧԭɳĬϢΣһЩ淨ˣȻһʮطۻǿ쳣ġ
ȡݣõİ취ǳĬݣҪãңڽȡȫˣϾͻᱻ֣ˣǶϵĴ߽֮һЩ޸ġ
ˡ
ȷ󣬷ٴηǣڳתתһҸ¥ǰд֡
̤һ̣оʮǿĿϣûһ˿͸αװĬݡ
΢΢˿˽ȥŮʱЦݵӭ
Ŀѹ
ԣŮɫ΢䣬Ͼͻָԭ״ˣ
Ů󣬷߽˺һڡ
Ŀţڽݺ̱ͳͳΧĹҲȴǺš
Ŀǽһ鱨֯ͨ󣬺ųûǴϢ
ڵؽʱ򣬾֪ĿĴڣҪ̽ϢõѡȻĿ鱨֯
ص磬Ŀһϰߡ
ĸɣĿְֺޣƫƫּɵҶԸĴǣȻĿľݵ㡣
ȴƬ̺һĹںݽһںеӰ
ҪʲôϢӰ
֮ʲô취Եõ֮ʵ
淨Ӱ΢΢һͣǳԽ淨Ȼ֪˶٣Ҫۿɲ͡
û⡣
Ҫʵģǵõ֮İ취۸֮ߣȻö˵
һһɫâĽǽľͭ
ǡս𡣡ֽӰһЩ
սǴļѲϣΪ֮һĳʮĵرͬһģɼ
սȻԵǡ
ڵǣԵõĶΪҲߵĶǵĵ޵սƷս֮һ
Ȼļֵڵǣ϶ƫ͵ģȲڽͬࡣ
ҲȨ㹻һĴۣŽ֮һ˳ɽ̻һĵһ׶εõĽ඼Ͷ˽ȥ
ȻսΪ󣬵Ϊֵõġ
Ͼǿ淨֮һ淨ǵϢ붼֪ۡ
ӰĿȵĶս𿴣ȴǺš
Ŀ鱨֯ǵһλģʹ֪ĿԲŻǰ
ͰѯӰ
Ƭ̺
֮淨ڽ缫ΪĿǰûһɣղ֮Ӱ
УһȽϳڽǧİٸ¼ֱӥš
һֺӰûͣ١
ڶͱȽټˣаʮ¼ֱΪ
ǰʮɵ֡
ֻӰ޺ȷ¼
ڵĲ㣬ݴţʥֹ޷϶
֮ûе㣬δ֪֮
Ӱ˵꣬ʱһ
֮ĵһҲͰˣ¼ǵģӦþеһҡ
ڶҲܽܣϾѡܶࡣ
ǣ͵Ĳ㡭Ӱ죬޺죬ʥ죬Ϊǿɶʥ㷽ǿʮҲûпܵõ
ңҲҼʥ̵ʥĿΡ
淨ĺĴУҪ˵ʥעš
ڵ㣬ҲͲˡ
һ˵淨Ĳ㣬ֻмһЩһ淨֮ϵģе㡣



1456 ɽ®
ѵ˵ֻܵõ֮ĵһ㣿
üͷ΢塣
ǵһ֮Ǹ壬޷Ʒǿ֮ܽʵӵ쾡¡
淨٣ǣЩʺϷ
ߵģǴĽ֮·ʺ淨٣֮еһţңףǷ֪淨Уǿġ
бѡ񣬷򣬻ǵ취Ū֮
һ͵ڶ㲻ѣ͵Ĳ㣬Ҳȫû취ҳɾʥĻʥӶõ㣬ʹܣҲҳɾʥ֮ˣȻҲųԷԸҽ뷨
תĬû˵
ӰҲĵĵȴš
һ⡣̧ͷںеӰΪʲô淨ûб¼ѵ֮ĲʥǶԷûнɣ
Ǻ˷ѽ£ʥڽ
֮ڱɿ⣬˽ɣӦ¼֮Ŷԣطɵǰһڶ֮ǣһЩжУİ汾ֻڵǡ
ǣûнɡ
һܣ֮ĲʥǺܿųˣȻʥ£Ҳпܴ淨ֻܵ㣬ڵĲ㣬ƾ²룬ʥֵ֮ĵĲ淨֮
֮Ӧò淨
λʥû´УҲûɡ˵꣬Ӱ졣
ṩϢɲֹһս𡣡ҡҡͷ
ȻᵱԩͷӰṩϢսļֵԶ
ȻĿĳһͯۡӰҪǣõ֮İ취һṩЩɵϣԼԵֵķܲȫԼˡ
Ӱûʳԣһݺϣɡ
ֻʥȴǼ١
ȻĿĵ̣Ҳҹڵʥʹܲ鵽ǵϣҲй¶Լй¶̫ࡣ
Ϊ⣬ʥԭûʲô뷨
һҪλʥϡ󣬷Ҫ
ԣṩϷǳ١Ӱ
ţ
üյ˵ڽɳʥȻһβ׳ʷ˿ڵðպʹ˵һ˵ԶʧǣԷ鱨ΪĿ˵ȴ©
ңЩҲ㲻Ƕص飬ڽΪڶԷ˵ṩϷǳ٣ô¡
Ӱ˷ɻҲ˵
ȡһɢֽš
Өֽ
Ŀһ
ܳһϡֽţȻԶԶȲܳ淨ֽţȴҲǱȽˡ
Ӱһֻϸɿݵƣָ㶯ʱһָˡ
ƶָӨֽϻд
ȻдʵʱͻȻһھ֮ϵϢȻ٣ӨֽϿճһڶһ̺޾Ľɳ
~
Өֽʵķ飬ӰԤϣʱջ֣Ŷһ١
ӨֽǵʧǴûгֹ
о
Ҹոдλʥ֣㿴ˡӰƣ˵
˳ɾʥĵʮ꣬磬ǼϵģĴڷʽĽ𣬻޻Է٣Ϣ٣һԴ
ֻԺеļ䣬ǿӹһء
û֪Ϊʲô
ҲΪŹŵԱ棬ǽԼ֪ͼ˴ݣͻΪ֮ĻҲᱻɱ⻹дķʽ˵λʥ֣ᱻֱɱ
ӰУ͸˲ϵζ
ȻģҲܲ³ŵʱȻˡ
⣬ѵҪĨλʥڵĺۼ𣿡Ϊ𾪣󣬵ȵмҲˣ֪λʥĴڡ
ĨԵλʥˣڴ֮淨ȴӰ졣
λʥ̲סʵ
֪ǽһšӰ
Ȼλʥ޷ˣܸʲôüͷ
ȷʵϣ޷ݣǾγԣȴܿ϶ֿԴӰ˵Ҳûӵ˼ֱ˵˴𰸡
ɽ®
֣ȻλʥΨһˡ
ĬĬ˼䣬ּʲôطʱӰȴҡҡͷû֪ʲôڡ
ҵĻܽ⿪λʥ֮أҲһܣõ֮
Ӱ
˵ͷҪ֪ģѾˡ
ˡսһӣߵݽǵһֱ뿪˴˵ء
Ϊ˱ⱻ˶ϣĿṩ뿪
ȷٴγʱȻǻָ˳Ĭݡ
صǵʱס
ɽ®λʥΨһ϶ҪҵĻȷʵмĿܵõ֮Ŀ֪ںεأɼҪҵĿԷǳãܰϣȫ档
취õ֮ĵڶɣţһҲҪһĲοֵڵĲ㣬ֻܵԺ󿴻ᣬܴܲʥŪˡ
ԷڵǾԲȥʥġ
ţ¼֮ڶİʮɣһ򣬶һºˡ
Ŀṩϣһ
ȥɣԶûлᡣ

¼ĴᣬΪʢᣬÿʮٰһΡ
ÿһʢᣬμӵĸͲΣҲͬ
ҲÿɣʸĴ˵ġ
һǺͶɣÿεʢᶼ޶࣬еһɣÿʢῪʼἤҾҪᵽһ
ϾʱУȻźУһȥĻͻӭȻͬڷɾ棬ܱǸԵСΧˣҪĶࡣ
Ǻǵɣ˵ϡ٣ÿһʢᶼ
ɶԣÿһεʢᶼμӣɲһÿʢᣬǲŻ֡
ϵɣǧŻһΡ
ǡ˵ɣ磬Ҫ˶ʤȻֻһǡ
ޱߵĽ磬ǾͲֵһˡ
λ򣬶һ֮Ļǧһεʢᣬɶ֡
ȻԶȣҲһأҲǰһΡ
⼸ѾһǾٰʢᣬǰһΡ
ʱɻǣѡš



1457 ʢ
ǰѴ͵Ŀ꣬ǣҲΪһεʢᡣ
׹
ǵĴĿĵأֹһطֻڻ˵ģҲֻˡ
麣ҲǺģϣл뽣ĴɣӶӵйǰδ
μʢ䣬ǱȥԼҪõĶࡣ
Ҳᣬ麣˵ĺġ
粻ȵؽ硣
ڵؽ磬н֮ǣҽ֮ǵĵλȻؽΪΣ߳ǵؽڽ֮ʱͻܵҪϲ֪١
ǣԷȴûн֮ĵλ
⡣
֮У󲿷ֶԵؽˣȻȫԸ硣
ˣὫ½˷
ϣһ˳ɡ૵
һȥʢٽҲѸٱԶĽ洦ɼ
һա
ʢʽٰ졣
߳סĿ㳡ȥ
ͻȻǰ洫һ
һ˫ĺ췢ưǰһŮͷˮϹǸ
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡Ůԣһʮ꣬ʱŮţҷɰ㡣
˫Ŀ𣬿űϥĽưĺ췢꣬޲óȥԷƴ
ӣ·۾𣿡췢
ʵܼ򵥣ԽǵһνĴǣЩۣһСģ·ʱײ˺췢ϣúߴΪ
ǸǸŮǸӶԷϣоһɼΪµĽ⣬ҲǸǣƵܣǸ
ȻȴķŭŲӲϵͷ
˫ŭ۾ú췢һĮȻû۾ҲͲˡ
~
һɫӺ췢Ϸն˫ۡ
ŮһæҪֹǵ½ѹ£ȴѣĿųɫ꣬Ҳһܶ¶˾֮ɫ
ΧˣʵãģûаֵȤ
ۿһɫϾҪն˫ۣһȼŻĽɫײһ
˭ҹҳ׽¡췢һ˿ɫĿɨȺ
Ȼǳ׽ŷʢһλ콾ǰطʵ
췢Աţ˶ǴʧɫŮŵɫףû뵽˿µ
׽ŷԺΪ˵ļһľնɱĻնϹ˫ҲͲˡ
ٺ٣׺֪˭谭
˶Щζ˻潣˶æ˿ֻ·һˡ
ֹŷģǷ
˴ˡζĿ⣬ȴǺ⡣
ԭһС£ŷСˣҲǿȥŲˡ
ŷ¶׹⣬俴ŷ
ȻΪặȻֵʱŷȴǷһݻСӣԺתͷߣ˴Ϊ⡣
ˣ˵ʵҲطһŷûжʱ¶ԷİգҷŹϾŷˣҲǳʢģɲΪϳǣӶ˻ᡣһ˻Ȼ˹
һѣҲ׷
ʢ˴ţҲͰˣŷֻ֣ҪûͷͲʲô󶯾Ƿһ
ŷ뷽֣ǵʱϳǵĻҲͲܲμʢˣòʧ
Ŀ⣬ҲǴһЩɵ
λ磬л֡Ůߵ˷ǰĸм
Щ£Ƿܵܵ۾»ᱻŷŪϹ
Ҳм
ûʲôȴ⣬˵˵ͷ󣬾ͳŹ㳡ȥ
Ƶܣ㿴ûУɲ棬Ů˫ֲѵ꣬ߵʹԴͷɥ
֪ˡ
ȥʹ󲮻ϰɣҪٳˡŮٴæȺ
ʢᣬٰĵص㣬޴Ĺ㳡ϡ
ʱ㳡ȻǳˣǴضĽޡ
ţ
̤㳡һ̣о㳡౶濴ʵĿռ伫󣬲һͨСǰμʢˡ
΢΢ͷ㳡ʢٰĵص㣬Ȼвá
ƽʱûʲô쳣ǵȵʢٰʱЩþͻᷢγһĿռ䡣
ĬϤ
վڹ㳡ڴܿʹȺϳ˷˹
Լ
ǰμʢ˾ǽ֮ˣ½ģǷëǡ
Ĭ㿴ָŹ㳡룬ճһƬ򣺡Ǹɵĵص㡣
Ŀȥ
㳡룬һ̨λڱԵĸ̨Сֻһ㣬Ȼһɵģ΢ģǶ̨ڶɣھɡ
ĵλǿŵģռ˴ƬĿռ䣬û´ĻӦɵλá
Ȼһʢᣬû
֮⣬žĲ̨ȺΧɡ
оŸɣǶ򡣡һɵı׼ʮط
ʹǶ磬ʮط۵ǼٵģĴֶ࣬ʹøɷɢڽһԣһ֮һɾͺܲˣһЩСĴɶûС
û뵽ȻоŸ
ʣɵӰ죬һλʥĴڣܶڵΪԶӰ죬һԾΪ
Ҳһ˼ҡ֣ԶһĴ
ҲΪڶ࣬һɵͱĸϡȱ
ȥԵһɣҲֿ֮ƺܶ࣬һȴʮ֮һ
ʢἴʼеĸ̨ϣһǵҲѾ룬ҲֻоŴǸ̨һˡ
Сʱ󣬹㳡ڹرա
~
Ȼ䣬Ͽսһ̨վһЩŮ٣ӰһʱΧľǸ̨ϡ
ɣ
˵ĿⶼޱȳȣǾŴɡ
ȻûɣܽɣҲͲˡ૵ȡ
Ҳ֪֪֮ɵĻǳã֪εʢɲҲûʧǰĿ׼˾Ŵɡ
ĿҲеһɡ
׸󡣡ĿԶ



1458 ռ
ɣ׸
¼֮ڶİʮ֮һ
¼淨ɣҲɣСɸûס淨Ŀܣɱ֮
еĿ꣬Ҳ׸
Ĭ׸ҲãҲ԰ɡע⵽˷Ŀ⡣
ŴɣνĸԣȻѡ׸ҲһԣϾͬһɣҲܻӦ
~
һȦӸɵĸ̨Χʮ﷽Բ
ЩȦֵķΧͳռ䡣
ʢ̣֪μʢô࣬ЩɲһĿȥռ䣬ҪһɵˣȦ
һ̤Ȧ֮УͻĪѹÿ߳һһͶӰΨսʤͶӰܼǰ
ͬˣĶʵҲܾͬܵĲԳ˵츳Ǳ
һ˭߳Զ˭츳ǱǿռһĿȻ
ռһζʢʽʼͰ಻סˣӿҪɡ
Уǵѡ࣬һ٣һɣѡ˸ſȸ
˶ĸиõѡĻὫһɷ
Ȼ˱ڣѺ󣬶иǵѡ
Ҳ׸
Ѿв߽׸ĹȦ֮Уе˲Ҳеɣܿ߳һ˵һͶӰ֡
˶ûǵһβμʢᣬռ˽Ҳڱ棬ȻҪȿ˵Ĵ
׸Ȧģǧ֮࣬滹б˲Ͻ롣
ϸš
ţÿ߹һһͶӰ֣սʤ֮һѹȻӣͬʱͶӰ֣Ҳһһǿ
ûãܽ˲ٹɡ
ЩͶӰֶÿ˵ҲЩ˵䣬οֵޡ
ѡ
һ죬һҪ߽׸ĹȦȴײһǽϣݺݵײ˻
ô£Ϊʲôҽȥŭ
ǧˣռ䡣Ĳ̨ϣһ
һӣĿĮӸ£ڿһϡ
˿϶ǧˣ׸󣬿ʲôЦΧ˺ôЦ
ռҲƵģŴɶǧ׼ȥһǵԣԽռ䡣Ҳ˵Ȼ˵š
ɶһģȻơ
һǧ꣬һ׼Ҳһ˳ɳٶʱڡ
ģʹнȥˣҲжǰ;ȻҲרհ£Сʱ򣬲ʢᣬ׸ı׼һǧꡣ
ֲҷȺʧ
һӣЩ䳬ǧ˶Ȼҡͷ뿪
һ
䣬Ȼǧ¡
ѹǻ涨ǧ꣬ǧ߳ĻЩɶûˡпһĬ׼ȥһԣȥ𣿡
ٵһᡣҡҡͷ
ԥǣҪӳʵϾ׸ĿģΪ֮ڶ㡣
ãȥҲǿߵ˹Ȧǰûܵ谭һ̤˽ȥʼء
ʱȦڵˣ
ҪԵˣȻֹ֣Ǵ󲿷˸սȥ͸о̩ɽѹһ㣬ƶѣò˳
һᣬҲǺ谭ĴȦռ䡣
~
Ӵѹ˷ӿȻڷϣȴǴ棬˿Ӱ첻
ܿߵһﴦǰһͶӰֳĿĮ
սʤң˹ءͶӰ
켶𡣡ĿһɨжϳͶӰʵӦ䡣
ɡ
̫ٻһӳգͶӰٳ˷ɻңɵĴ˵һء
һزѣ˶ɵսʤһͶӰҲۡ
һغѹȻӣԷ˵ʮɡ
ûã׷
ոմ˵ڶأ̤أȻӵѹЩƣ
ףĬԵķһ
սʤڶͶӰ»Ծ
ʵ֮ϡŷƽ飬΢ʶԼ뷽֮Ĳࡣ
ߵĲ죬ͬ٣ûʲô˼ʱԵ̫ͻ
ԷʵӦʮɣϾˡ
ţĿ΢ǰһ췢꣬ڴͻĳ׽ŷ
ŷλüΪǰλڵأҲռڵһеˡ
Ĳ̨ϣӿռڵһۣΨд߹صˣܼ׸󡣡
⻰һʱͬװ㣬ռڵˡ
߹ء
һ㱻ǰͶӰ˵ۿŶԷƱ伱ѹеڶһһ⣬ͶӰնɱ
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߹ءϴ죬Ҳ˲ȥһ£ոնɱĶ֣ǵصͶӰ
⣬ѾȫԸˡ
ƣʵֶξĻܴĹأǵ߹ء̫ңԶˣκϣ
Һͽţô󣿡
ãȻһԣţ͵𶯣еãն
׸ı׼ǵ߹أôҲҵκһɡ
ֻܼɡ
ɺɣȫ߿ɱԣǰ;ҲԶȻġ
Ҫͽõģɾõģҵʵȥ˾
ĸԭǰȴбѡ
λˣл˵Ǹ̨һ
ţ
Ŀ˹ռڵҲǾ쿴
һȡˣ֣֪ܲԣɡ

һ죬ʱһĽХϸ
Ǹ̨ϣ׸һߣһֱǰۣ˯˯ƺǰĿûκȤʱ֣Ҳ΢΢أžı۾ָԭ
ǲ١ζһۣԷģҲ
ʢῪʼûóĸ׼ʵͨǵĿ飬׸ɣ
˵
ǣɫһ䡣
ǻȴֻҪشǻǡ
ǡɫ䡣
һʼȷʵĸǵȽռ䣬֪Լ׸ı׼жԶͨ󣬾͸ʶһ㣬ԲԣӼ
ǡ
ȻɫѿӲͷƤش
ҿģͨضǿֻߵĹذɣ
ǡ
֪Լﲻ׼ǻ׸뵽Ҫ߽ͨݾԲԣ
ǡ
һȻͷ󺹣ҧش
ЦĿڿһ
Դ󣬺øԶҪͶ񡣡
ʣ׸Ҫã



1459 ׸
һ仰ģһ䷴ʣǼͬը졣
ͨ~
˫һͨڵأɫҰ׵˼㡣
ǶԷľ䷴ʣ԰ط

ΧһôЦ˶ޱȱӵĿ
Դ󣬺øԶͼͶ񣬻ӵۣһֱ˹ȵף÷
~
£Ӳ³һѪ۳ĽҲǾһεţ·Ҫѿ
ۣȫǽһǴϢȥԺзأȻ뿪ǲĽˡ
Ϊʲô麣˵ֳԼ뽣κһɡ૵
ᣬȴȥ
ʱǱĿµ߿ˣ۾ſɲǼ䣬ռ˶о·һɫ׽׼ˣϺëֱ
طʡ
ߣ׸е߸ˣҲһλطʼĽޡ
Ŀһۡ
½ģĸ
˵仰ٴα۾ٿâڱĸоҲȥ
Ǻǣ׻Сӣһλ½Ľ˴ѵĺܲңӴ˾ͺ½ˡ
һǸ̨ϣһע⵽ߵĶ΢΢һЦ
Сײ׻ϣҲùҲûǱ½׸󡣡һǸ̨ϣһڼ׳̧ͷһۡ
ľżɣ˴˼䶼ʮ˽⣬߹ľҲ
̸Цţȴûô⡣
ǵĻҲ롣
뷽Ĵͬ뿪ʱ麣ϸĶҪøԶǶǾûôˣҲܴ衣
ҿǸûдڵıҪȫ˷ԴЦһ
û˿һۡ
ףСӡ
ⳡ־磬ŷҲķкâһ
ߣСӺǰ׳һ𣬶Ҳ½ģѹô֪ߵغ񡣡ŷЦѾ⣬ȼ׸󣬾ȥҷ鷳һ
ʧǣһ㣬Σյģ۵ĽģڱıԵ
ʱ̣ͻȻоԼļһ£ԷĶ͡
ЩãȻ̧ͷ˷
蹷ҷͣҲ⣿΢Ц˵ƽҲͣڳһʵ⡣
ʲô
󣬿Ǹļ˻ˣʱĿŷ֪ôĵӣ˵ӺǷ蹷
ҲһɵɵĿŷ
΢΢һЦȴûٶ˵ʲôٲǰȥ
Ȼɣʲôʵ
ɵǰߣ˶ʱɵۣǻΪͬһʵģ֪ȫô¡
һתۼͶӰڷǰ
һӳҲֻһ
~
ͶӰգΪɻҡ
Ĺأͨ
ôܡΧ˶ǿ㣬ŷ
ȻȴǺ⣬ǰ
Ƭ̺
ͶӰ
վĲ̨ϣǰļˣ¶Цݡ
ʱ˴˵߹أϽ׸ı׼Уŷ֮һ
Իӵ۹⿴⣬滹лᴳ߹أʮˣȻõһˡ
ңŷеٮٮߣһĿܣڰ˹ء
ĳɹûϲ¶һ˿ЦݣȻصźҲԼСĽ͡
ţԽŷԽ⡣
ţ
ɫͻȻ΢䣬ʮƿ˺档
ˣͻƵľȻ֮졣䣬չֳƹٶȣе˼һ̣Ͼ¶˾ϲɫ
ֵԽɫԽá
ӵһ˫۾Ķ˷ϡ
ˣƹٶȻûн
ôܣ߹أ˵߹Ҳûκѹ
ӵԽԽŵĿŷе˼ǣûκѹÿһصͶӰһն
ǵģһ
ǵصͶӰǵ߹صͶӰڷǰŲһ
Բܵһ޵̬˴ľ
˶ˡ
Ĳ̨ϵȻ۾ٲ飬۷Ź⣬㿴ŷǸЦ⡣
׸ߣʹ˼ɣҲסˣһע
ܣⲻܡ
ŷĿɿڴĿȻ߹ھеĵڰ˹ͶӰڷһ£ҷ
˶ɵˡ
ŷһ۵ȤûУעȫڷϡ
ãá
пϲ˷ôһ콾εĹ͵ж󣬿Ż¼ʹͣɻڴ
޷ĿУƽǰС
ھŹأơ
ʮأơ
ʹǵʮصͶӰʵﵽطڣڷǰҲ߲Уͱɱ
˷ܵĻı֣ɵЩ콾ˡ
Ҫ֪׸һͨɰ
·ˣˡԺתŵģȫͷ
ãܺá͵վߵ˸̨Եϳ˾ϲЦݣ׸Ϊһ
˶ϲɫڴĿŷ
ʮأҲߵǸ̨¡
׸ʲôȻе콾ԱߵɶĽ֮
˵Ŀ⣬ۼڷϡ
ҵֻΪ˵仰˵
۾͵ЩµҪ˵ʲô
һ仰Ҳ½֮ˡ
⻰һߺͻӶʱһɫޱѿ¶ֻ֮ɫ
ڶ仰׸ɣȥҲȥ
ƽԶԶ˳ȥ
˵仰󣬷תͷߣûа
ߺͻȴɵˣΪʮǰΪ˼׸֪ȴΪ׸
˵϶һա
ڸոգһ˵½Ķһ˵ȫûдڵıҪ½֮˱͵һǴ
Ȼûãһ½֮˴ǵռ䣬ŶȥΪ׸֮ˡ
ȴǣҲ½֮ˣͬʱƣ׸룬Ҳȥ
Ǻεȷ̡
ߺͻĻоһǼǶϣƫƫá
˵硣



1460 ˭
ǺǣСӡ
һǸ̨ϣЦ
ãϲ
һǸ̨ϣڼ׳ǷЦǶĳΪͷԱ֮ʩ
С
ķ¶ɱɫϸֻҪ֮䣬ЩɫܺХȥᴩоԵģ˲նɱ
ΪطʵĽ
Χ˶
׻ʣȷҪ֣ŭҪһг֮ʱ
ڼ׳
Ǹ̨ϣЩطҲζ
һ͡
նɱǺȴǷǳء
Ҫ֪ʢĹҪ˫Ըһ㣬Ǻ͵ؽһ
߶նɱǰܻһȫ޷֤ʢᣬֻж콾Ըǰ
һǰˡ
λʵȻҲǾطʣȴǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ԼռȻǳء
һǿԼ侲ΪɱСԼֵá
Ȼⲻʹ˷Ź
ĿĿ˷һۣ߻۾͵֮ǰ飬ûз
ߵɱδţصԡ
߰ɡ
طȷʵûдıҪЦˮ𵴵Ľȹұĸӵļ͡
ڷΪûж˵ʲôΪȻΪǷ˷һֶǼ仰ܱˡ
һ߳׸ռ䡣
~
ڼ׳ȾطһĲ̨ʧڷǰ
СһûȤ̣ڼ׳¶Цݡ
ˮɣõѡ񡣡·硣
ļλطʣҲ׷֦
ÿ˶Цݣʮֵ顣
ľ˱֣ǶȻ׸ǵĻˡ
з콾룬Щɶ֮á
һĻӵɫ淢ѿĿµҲǶȻ۾â¶
ʲô
š˴ɣ˼룿㳡ϣ˶𾪵˹
֮ǰ飬ռ䣬ע⵽˲࣬ڰ˴һ棬ȴ÷˷ͷ
Ľ֯Ŀ
ܱǸʱûüһɡ԰λطʣҲ治ɫ
̬ȼᶨҲûǿ
Ҳǿ㣬ı뷨ʱˮɡЩϧҲ׷ױͬ뷨ص˸Եĸ̨ϡ
ǺεݣȻ
С׻ϼһڼ׳ҡҡͷһ䣬ҲصĲ̨
Сɵˣ룬ͬ⣿
Χ˶Щ¡
ǵĻæͬˣһɶ֮ãû뵽һϡ
ùܱôġ
ȻԼ뷨
׸󣬽Ϊ֮ڶˣɶ˵ûʲôɲƽ׸Լһ
ڲ׸󣬷Ϊͷ
ߣΪһ棬һǷʶ׸󲢲һܺõѡ
Ǿطʣ׸УȻǸ߲
½֮˵ĵӣҪõ׸֮ڶ㣬ɻƽ谭鷳
һδԤϵأɾ䣬ų
ʮżɣҲδ׸һҡ
֮⣬׸󣬷бĿġ

Ƭ̺󣬷뿪˹㳡
⴦㳡ʢڼ䣬ֻ߳Ҳ޷ٽȥˡ
Ƿûмκһ
Ȼö˵ͶûȤңЩҲҽ
˭֪׸ߣǽ޵˹£Ļ׸ΪУĺ˼⣬ܳе
ƫƫ԰˴ɵˡ
ͷ࣬û˷Щɲǵﲻ׸
ϧǼûĬһܼ롣Щź
ɵɣҲڳ˵뷨
ѻ֪ɱ֮Ωֲء
֣ʲô㣿ʵ
׼һһ뿪ȥĴһᡣǲԸˡ
˵ͷ
ϣ㣬ٳ
Ϊʲôȵ
һЦȴûлش

һСʱ󣬷ͨǵıţǡ
ʢϣ׸ڵĸ̨ͻȻɫһ촽΢š
Ŀµ΢΢۾ûע⵽һģ漴ָֻ
ףǳĬˡ
Ȼûٶãͺڼ׳Ҳǽӵ˷ǵϢǵĿ⳯׸ڵĸ̨߻û뿪
֣رϼһʲôʱƢôˣֹ
ǰһ½֮ϲҰܣӶǨŭÿһ½֮ˣߵأȻ㲻ȥ
ֹһ
ȵȣԾڼ׳ɫ΢䣬͵غȵ׻ʡ
׸Ǳߣߺ޷Ӧ·˺˯
ڼ׳һӱĺѿһָӳһҺڽ⣬ֱӶˡ׻ʡ塣
׻ʡȻӰʧ
ǺȻһ
ɶϼһȻرһƭǣȴ뿪ˡҲӦ˹ɺ޵ֱҧ
Ƕµʱ̣ʵϽΪɱĿ꣬ʢҶֻ֣Ҫ뿪ǣͲһˣԭĴ㣬Ҳڹؼʱ̳־·Ӷ÷м£ǵɡ
û뵽
ϧһ콾ϧҡҡͷ
ڼ׳Ҳǰûڲѣ̫ƻˡ
ôṤ㹻׷ϷˣǿϾֳʵҲǽӽططԶطˡ
һ棬߾ɱüΡ
˫֮ʵ̫࣬ˡ

뿪Ǻ󣬷ƫƧķٷС
ˡ
һƬĵأͣĬĬȴš
ûá
һɫ׹ʼ֮Ľ
С
߱ŭ֮ӿдǰһߡ
ձȳȹ̫࣬ȻǾطʣҲ޷׵˺ա
ֱ𣬿ŷڿһˡ
׷ˣҪһ㡣ûаŲ
űŭߣƽ
߿ϵ⣬֣ڷ߲



1461 նɱط
򶨣һ䣬ͲµԼ׷Ļɫ΢
Ŀܣȴûзκ壬Ҳûκǿߴڵĺۼ
ƣ
Щɲֵ̫ˡ
һתЦʱ䣬ǰ˼ҵľطʸ㣿
ƺҵ˷ĵڣЦ㣬ҳ֮ʱһ󣬶ʱڣǾԷֲˣ㹻ɱüˡ
ʲôȻ¶𾪻֮ɫ
򶨡
Сô
ȵȣ֮ǰϣܻشһ⣬ΪرҲһܣѵ㲻֣Ϊʲôһǿ𣿡ڵ
ǿͱǲм侲һĻȴòϣ˵е
˵ʵȻǲмһˣͬ䣬ȴ߼ǿ֮ˣֻɵЩ콾ܱ⡣
һ½֮ˣǿ
ڶ½֮˵ͲмȻΪ϶Լܡ
ʰɡ۾һˣЩҪûô죬ҸĿΪɣ
ȻƭĻ߷ģݺݵĥСڻ硣
˵׸¼֮ĵڶ㣬֪жɹʵ
֮
˿Ǳ⣬漰׸ĺܣڲʲôŹֵǰ£治һش𣬵֮ûʲôˡ
żߵ淨ʳ֮ζ֮ϧûɵ
һ
ǣҲòϣ˵е
֮ǹ屦ǶԱĽ˵ȴδػôΪУʺϽ޵淨в١
Ҫǣ׸ֻеڶ㡣
ʵϸĻҲףĿУ֮Ĳ㣬ֱЩɣʥڣûһ¼гһ֮
Ĳ˵ʥҪĻĲ֮Ӧò£ȴûô
֮ΪղƷڣڲοֵļֵӦûзΪô
ˣ˵ߴߴٵҾ㣬ˣʲôһܡ
ҵܣܿͻ֪ˡ΢΢һЦ
̫ٻ︡𣬷һӳֲĽ̺ŷƣݺնߡ
~
һɫ޽ŭһһն䣬ͬĽ
۷壬Ȼܡ¶˵ķâ
˿չֳʵԶռʱǿȻ壬ǾطʣȻǷʳڣҲڷ۷֮ϡ
޴ʵ£Ѹ·
Ҳûº֣ŷνܡ
һ׷һӣٶȶǼ죬ȵһȻԶԶ뿪ǡ
ˣ·ɡͣ
·С㻹翹ĻҲǽʧȥģ׼º֣
һЦطڽ£һ̣ϵʼֱ
̫ٻϣɢߵľ
ɡ
̫ٻ͵նһ˲䱬Ľ֮ǰǿݺᣬء
ʺڡߺ﷢ŵĲҽУû뵽Ȼص֮ʵԶԶ֮ϡ
㲻ǽ
о̫ٻӿİȻȻûѻ˵ڣֱӷķ˲佫ǧٿףֽٳ˷ɻҡ
ת󣬷Ƿʳڣӽڡ
һٶϽۣʵͻͽԽ˷ڣﵽ˷ʺڵĲΡ
ɱߣȥĵرϢŴ뿪
ɵһطʣ޾ʲô
ڵؽ磬Щ˲Ҷ֣ΪᣬֻҪڵؽ磬Ŀʼڷϣ˸Ҷ֣̻ᱻ֡
ǣʲôһͨɵľطʰˡ
㷽¶һЩҲ㲻ʲô£ǹԶгʱʬ𼣣й¶ʲô
û뵽׸֮
ԭĴǣ׸֮ˣȻ취ץԷʳ֮
ˡ
ȥ׸͵߽ȴûʮطɣ͵Σ̫󣬶֮ټҲ淨ò׸ĶĶ
˴˼ʵĲԵȣҲýѶȴͽա
ǱĿɡ
׸󣬷ʱˡ

ǡ
ʢỹڼţһԣʮ֮á
ߵĻ󱻽ҴѾǼȶʵҲţԾάˡ
̨ϣ˻⣬ʮˣȻͨ׸ı׼Լ׸ˣŷеһ
ŷˣЩο
Ȼûյŷ˵츳һʢջҲѣȥȻᱻν
ڷһˣʲôüƽϵġ
ЩţͻȻĴѶʯ͵ûɵһš
ͨ
׻ʳʲô£ΪʲôʯˣһϵӴѶʯд
󣬴ϡȻһ̣Ȼμ⣺ʲô׻ʴ˵ʯˣ
£ûԼ
ʱ
׻ˣ
ôܣ˭ɱ
Χһ˼û˻٣׸ûĵ̶ȡ
ͺڼ׳𾪵˼㣬û뵽׻ʾȻˡ
׻׷ɱĹУʲô
׻ʴˣǳȥ׷ɱǳĬŷг˿־塣
պ׸ɳ˴֣ʼǣͬʱͨȻȴʯ󺣣Ҳûгֹ



1462 
նɱߺ󣬷ƮȻȥ
˵ôһͨľطʲκζ׸˵Ǽʧˡ
׸˵ɣҲֻһʮطۣطʽ߰ˣͨġ
һطʵ䣬Ƶʧء
֪׸֪ߵ󣬱ȻŭǵѲȴ⡣
նɱߵĵطȻǼΪңԶˡ
׸ӦѲʱ򣬷Զ룬׸еӰ췶ΧԶԶûеô
СһĴһֻ֮һɵĵطɵӰһ졣

ģɣ׸Ǽ֮䣬ʵû̫Ĺϵ
Ҳʹ׸Ӱʮޡ
ֻҪԼܵ׸ĵֻ̫̫ܻᱻҵ뿪Ļ͸Ǹˡ
˵׸ȷʵ㲻ʲôûó׷֮ˣҲ͵ˡ
⡣
ĿṩУ׸۲ߣ÷ɵģҲֻ˰ˣҲҿ׸ԭ
ݣڽıһ¶Ļ룬Ҳȥˣǿǵ׸ûʲôвԼģŻᶨּƲߣŭߣ֮Ҳʹɱ֡
ţ׿׸ĻУûб֮ڶˡ
һ֮һ㡣
¡
ĵһ֮ǳ»ģط֮Щ
Ǻ󣬷ۿطĵһ㣬ĵһ໥ӡ֤
ĵһطԭŲĵط
ڵһΪǳԣ漰Ĳܵͣⷽȱ⻹󣬷ЧҲûж
ǣԴΪƾΪĻȥȴ⡣
Ҳ÷ңûмȥǶһڶطڴĵ·ߵĸԶ
˵ǣڷԭط󣬺ܿ첹˲ĵط
֮ӦҲͬ
ĿṩУҲûзŹ¼һЩɣ׼õһ֮οǿ֮
ǸλıԵش׸ΧңԶ֮ߵĻͻĴ

ǡ
ģȻǳȴһ֮
֮ϸо˶вͬѰķΧüͷ΢塣
ңҲܿоԼ˶ˣԷĸֶԲӦʵá
΢ӿٶȣרƫƧĵطߡ
ŷļ٣һӹ˲ټҲǲļӿŲڷ棬תһƫƧʱͻȻһǰȻʧȥ˷Ӱ
һ֪ôʧģЩ֪ʱһ
Ϊʲôң
㡭Ӵ󺧣æתʱ֪ʱĮĿ
˵ϵĽй¶Щ
Щڷ£ҲⰫܳܵģͨһڵأţ־壬ͬġ
ɱң˵˵ûȷٴѯʣ˵İ̽ǰ˵˳
ǵҷ
븽ǿȭ
Щ졣
ԭΪԼᱻϣ׸Եʣ֪ȴȫô¡
ǣҡ
ǷеĿꡣ
ڽ磬ȻһȫɣȻΪҲвСЩ壬еɵһ֣Ҳеǳ׶
ΪʲôһᷢĿĺڣʵ
Ȼ⣬ȴǻش𲻳ˣʵãλҲͣ£ҷĿġ
ҵĵжĵײԱס붫ǵǿߡ
ҲΪȴݣǿ߷緶Żᱻϡ
׵һһ֣ӦҲ뿪

һӴҵĻᡣ
Щ⶯
ԷоطȻ壬ҪֵĻȻᱩ¶Լ̿ûڸȫԸĵر
նɱʱҲͬڻĽҰնɱĶԷºβҲס
ǿң淨ȴһˡ
ȥҿ˵
˾ԭڿǣңʱһֳɵĽڰǰ



1463 һܵ
һǣȻǣҲǵ
Ϊңڶڸǽĵλռ˽һĵ̡
⻹ǵֱϵأǵΧԶȶǹ
ҡ
һ⣬׹ǵ·Χҡ
һأ·֮ˡ
ţ
¶ɫ
ҷ֪ҪǣΪ˶׸׷ɱѡȡģ˼·ߵԵʣȻûд
ǣȴˣһӰ췶Χ²ڰ
ҴӰʵϢҲ֪Ѿһʱˡ
ȻȥȴûзſǿƼ෴ſȸҲΪ
֮⣬һоطڷ
ЩǰȴȫȻ
жЩ²⣬֪Եɲ򵥣Ҳһĵ˲ôη塣
Ӧ
ǰȥֱ˵Լ⡣
Щһǰʱ黹ЩţĻȴǶʱ˿¶Ц
ԺƬ̡һת˽ȥ
ûãһͷ׵ߴ˳Ͼϲ
λҵĹ˹ܼҡһܵ
طĿһжϳ˶Էʵ
һڳ䵱ְܼ֮طʵҲ˵Ĺȥ
л¸壬ǰȭ˹ܼҸм֪մ
ĬûҲڽߵݡ
˹ܼûʲôӦȻ˵ž֮ĻǷȴܿûԼ֡
ҲȻ룬ҪıԵشҪһʱ䡣
ңͬͬյ˶ǣĬҲʲôһ޶֡
˹ܼǰ·ѷ쵽һľĽȺǰ
ռݵĵ̼ΪĽȺ䣬ҿ˵洦ɼ
Ĭסա˹ܼ΢Ц
ûаѷȥҵĳϡ峤֮ĴҲ˾ܼҵĴҲֵ̫Ǯˡ
ƾӣӦ˾סĵط
Ҳƴֻ֣Ҫסƾڵˣÿ춼ܵõһĺôۺ죬˵ֻҪˣʲô鶼ܵõĪô
ԽǰľôԽ࣬һεĲ࣬ôȴ֮ࡣ
ƾӣʵġ
֪
ΨʵԽǿˣܵõĪĺôҲᱻҿأΪ
Ҳ˵ҪƾУռݿǰס
ǿǣǰնԷĹɡ
ǰȥ
˹ܼЦеһԿţҲܺ棬ʲôʵռʲôס
ӷϣûиоǿҪΪ̵ĹͣʵЧ
׸ߣҲǸʵ̣Żֵ׷ɱ
ȻʵΣȴݣһˣ˹˹ܼҲǲа㵡
ѡһ
ƾڵסܹ࣬Ҳֻʮ
ʱʮסڣȻסҲǸ֪˷Ľ룬һߣǿݳ
֪סߵĵϸӵʮʼսĻõѡ񣬵ȻԼţҲԴʼ
˹ܼѰ˼ţǺܿ죬Ͼͱ
û򿿺סֱǰĵһ
ΪҪôʵҪôǿ֪
ƾڵΪ֮һ͡
ÿСһЦ˳ţһӵһסڴ˷ǰ
һߴĹͷ޺һѾ޽ǿᱩŰĽ˷
ͷ޺Ŀŷ
һսûѡˣȻǶһ衣
䵭
νĺô⣬ȻҪҵע⣬չֳһʵȴǲɱ⡣
˹ܼ۾΢УסڵˣҲǷ׷ڴһսĽ
Сһ֪㷸һĴ󡣡ͷ޺ŭ¶ȵеľ޽ŷ͵նȥ
~
ֲ·Ҫһжѹ飬ƾΧһĻ˹ͷ޺󲿷ֵһ£ԽСΪƽء
϶¶ɫΪͷ޺չֳʵľ
һЩ˸ĿһսǿߣǼΪԲеΪһ£Сӿʣ¡
ź˵һȴû˿仯
̫ٻһ̳
ûйͷ޺˵ƣȻһȴ۵˼㣬˶ͷһ·Ķʼ
һ޿ɵֵɱ˶Էǰ
~
ͷ޺ɽʯһ˲߽⣬Ӵڵ㵹ɳȥݺײ˹Ļϣήҵء


1464 
ƾӣһƬž
Щھûг֣ſЦˣĿɿڴŵĿǰһĻ
һȻһͻҡãһھŴӵڶסڴ
ңǹͷ޺֡
ҵʵǷڰо
һܷڵңʵָǿֵزҲǷڡ
סڵˣǾηӵĿŷ
˹ܼҵ۾Ҳ¶Цݣֵǿƣϣġ
ûˣһ˹ͷ޺󣬾;ֱ߽˵һڣûһվԡ
ڱֳطڵʵӦò̫š
һڣƽ
̵ĴڣĵرϢ˿
̵Ĳƣĵرֻܶһ൱ڱӡˣһֽŵ÷ӵзҵʵһĵرĽ̶ȳޣ䱾ʾڸˡ
ȷǳ۽ģĵرͬĽ̶ܷӳǿʹ÷ȷ۷塣
ս֮ʱάڷ۷ĳ̶ȣǰǺ
۷壬ķڲ¶ǰ£ӵеǿʵ
ʵȴһȫ¶
ΪǳĬ
Ĭǳ֮ˣ½磬仹һʼʵ
ΪĬƥ䣬ҲһֱԼʵڽľ֮һչֳ
֮ʱðչôһԾط
ǣĥ֮ʵٶȷԾ
ǣɻ׸ռڣطڵͶӰȰطڡ
ʱڶǣһܹͷ޺൱ڷڡ
һȥϵ
ʹȥ鷽ĵϸҲֻóŵĽۣлɣҲֻΪд뵽һˡ
նɱߣġ
ΪûĿãжֱӻɵͷϣΪ֮뷽йذˣϾĿԺܶ࣬ɱܵһˡ
~
۾̫ٻϥϡ
ܿ죬һ˿˿ɢݳ

뿪ƾӺ󣬹˹ܼҿ첽ȥ
ү
һľͥԺ˹ܼƿţһ
ӣҵļϵƶˣʱüͷȴǽţƺʲô¡
Ŷ˹ܼңʲôҪ¡Ҽ̧ͷ
һˡҵ˹ܼҽƾӵսԭԭ˵˳
һңҿǷڡҼ¶ϲɫ
ûԵĺ⣬⻹ȫʵ˹ܼҳԼж˵˳
áҼͺһ˻᣺ṩǳĬĺôٷһУĵס
˹ܼҹӦǡ

һȥǰս
ƾӵˣۿһܹͷ޺ĸƣǹͷ޺ûоʹ뿪˵ڶ
ҹ䣬˹ܼǰʮ˴Ƶĺôסڵһķôĸۺޱȡ
ԴˣȴûһۣһУȻ˹ܼ
ʱһȥ
żڹ˹ܼҵĴ£ƾߣҲֱӱɢݳĽˣֻսˡ
˷⣬ͷ޺ҲǺսһսסҲƵ䶯
ա
λǰ˹ܼƾӣ
ԣҲǴӾ߳
Ҫ֮ˡ૵
ڹ˹ܼҵĴ£һ˳ȥ
ף㡣
ͻȻһӲԶ
תͷȥһŴ죬ֱ㶵ĶԼ
üͷ΢壬Ҳǻйһ㽻ǲμʢʱǶŷ˳ͻĽܣʱŷֺ֣ӹһ١
Щ㵣û뵽Է
㡣ǰһľϲ
˹ܼɫҲĿĿ
Сûеã˹ܼȥѯ˼󣬾úĻˡ
Ҳû⡣
ڹ˹ܼҵĴ£һĴ
棬ȻŲˡ
׵ģȻҼ
طĿһжϳҼʵ˿޷ʵ
طȻҵǿߣΪȴҲλȨأǿ֮¡
ˣһλ
Ϊƾӵǿߣǰ档
֮мʮǰӦ¡
棬оλУÿһжʮλ
ƾĵطҹоŴ΢˹ƾӵģȫˡ
˹ܼ˹ȥҼ˵˼䣬һ㶣Ŀⲻ
ָܿƽֻĿ⣬׽ࡣ
ȵʮλҼվ
лλ壬ԶȭڴˣĳмҼ
⡣һڵһŵӵ
Ҳ󡣡һڵһŵĻߺȻЦ
ҲǷ׷˵ƵĻ
λȻǰҲẮλģΪλṩı꣬һ䣬ҼǶԹ˹ܼҵ˵ġ
ԣӵˣȤ
ǻӦȻǴĳԵ壬˼Ϊĺôƾ֮ĵطõĺôԶܸ֮ȡ
һʱ䣬˵Ŀ⣬ڹ˹ܼҵϣȷе˵ϵĶϡ
˻~Խ𡣡
⺮Ȫˮ
죬ѵ׼ʯ
˷̾Ϊ֮ݣóһƷ
ж¶̰֮ɫֻм˲ܱ侲ĿżҲǰ಻סɨЩ
ƽûһ۵ģֻзһˡ
⣬ΪЩԣûжãֻдĽ޲Ҫǡ
ȻҪǶǵļֵȴʮ
ЩϣԽ⺮ȪˮΪȼߴ˽ף׼ʯֵߣŽ񽣵ϡ
˽񽣣Ž񽣣ֱӦް;켶ĵر
ɴ˿֪ǵ
ȻԶϷս𣬵ǶЩ˵ȴ޼֮Ͼһǿ񽣣ǵİжǿ֪
ңֱṩĸá
ΪṩδؾʺϱˣֻΪʺϣҲܷӳʵ
ӵǷǳ⡣
˵ķӦҼ΢΢һЦʾ£˹ܼҵ˶ʱУһ̰ȵĿ⵲档



1465 
ﱻ˶ʱЩꡣ
ߡ
ʱһ˶һը侲ǷӦоطɣҰĵط
ҪܵõЩ
һѹе̰侲ʵҲʵġ
ֻҪǰҶȹ˽ټɡҼλӦľ˽⡣
ӵ˵˵ͷ
֪ٵľǸðҲ޿ɱ⡣
һǿУԷƻһڻǣշҡ˵ҼĿ䣬ҲǴŭ
˵
š
ҵľʵҲûʲôĵطһīɽׯɿŶ
īɽׯȻһʵҪǿࡣ
棬Ҳǿֻһطʣīɽׯˣ˫ԡ
ԭ϶ǸҲīɽׯһں޻֮
û뵽ǣīɽׯڶǰͶ˶ƬЩ͸ƵֶΣշ˲һȵҷ֮ʱǴȥƾңīɽׯԿ
֮£ֻͷȭīɽׯ⡣
īɽׯһЩ¶ɫ
ǼȻˣīɽׯ׼æҲһޣܲҪһ꣬һǧȥɡӵ
ǺǣҰǵڻңѵҲĸԸȥЦһ
˵Ŀĺܼ򵥣ϣҰǵڻҡ
Ըеһķգװ
Ȼ֪λģһǶԼ涨˴˵Ȩ񣬶ңҲҪһֱڴˣȵһǾű뿪
ңΪ˱ʾ⣬ԼԸ֮һı
Ҽ
ԣ˲ɵ˵ͷѪˣ˳⡣
ˣûˡӵ
Ҳ׷ױ̬
ã־ɳǣһܻīɽׯɹѹءҼЦ
Թۣȴûô˵û֮һҪ

˹ܼߵ˷ԣ쵽һƫ
棬棬ɫһû˵
һͬһţʵȻûô˵ڸм͡
ĬĬĵȴһᡣ
λúˡЦҼ˽
λӦûʶɣһ£λǳĬλͣǰطǿߡ
ҼĽܣ;ȵĿ˷һۣȻû뵽ķȻһҲаطʵ
ܿ죬;ջ񣬵㵥ǽ˵أ֪к⣿
λΡҼû
λīɽׯ̫ǿ󣬼ʹλúҲûжٰգ˻Ҫһ׼ҼɫλҵһЩӵܣ뿪ǣǰԮ
򣿡һ
ڵһ
ԭ᰽ɵһֻ֧ǧǰ᰽ɣҡҼЦһȻ᰽ɣҲһЩ飬ԷĻ˵˹īɽׯ֮Σ⡣
᰽ɡĿ΢
ӵ֮ڶİʮеһңҲǷһĿꡣ
֮ԻȡǣĿ꣬᰽ɡ
Ҳǵһû뵽һԨԴ
᰽ɵĴҲţǿǼΪǿɣʮط۶ֹһλ
˵᰽ԸֵĻīɽׯȫǲѴ֮
Ԯ᲻ΣգĿʵ
Һ˵ûУҲҼͷīɽׯȻɳţǵߣѾ鼰Ƭ򡣡
ΣյĻҲͲҷͻˡ
λԿ£ҪҪܡҼ
ͳȨŵʧ
ܵõʲôô룬ʵ
׼ʯһһ顣Ҽԥ
ǴѪˣ˻Чãһʼīɽׯ̫ע⣬Ҳҵˡ
ãͬˡɱ뼸ʮ˷ôҪ׬Ķࡣ
Ҳһһۡ
ֹϵشĻ񣬲ˣ϶ֵεģΪȹǶԽܵԵʣӶҼΣҲᱻҲʹҼεĵط
ҲҪ׼ʯ淨ϣһۡ
Ҽɫ䡣
淨
Ҫ˵֣Ҽ֪˵ʲôΪܹҲֻһ淨
ƽʱĻҼ붼룬ֱӾܾ
淨ǺĴУʹ֮ûжѡǴ֮ط淨Ȼżߵļֵ
淨ǿ
ǿָĲĲ֮ߣһϵŶȫµ֪
ǺߣʹЩط׷淨һ㣬ߵĲȴǽȻͬ
֮Ϊûǲ淨ϵ֪վڼߵĲϣͬԴΪ˵ط
ȻһģԾ⣬ҲҪǿʵ
Ҫ֮һĻҼ޿ܴӦǽһ۵ĻƽʱҲѶȣҪ֪ڣʸۿ֮˶ǲ࣬˵֮ˡ
Ҽɫ䣬Ҳ֪뵽ʲô˵ͷͬ˷Ҫ
ԡ



1466 ¶
ȻλͬˣԼɡ
Ҽ֣ص
¹ش⻤Ҫܣܷͬͬȡ񣬶ԼܣҲ̹Ȼ档
Ͷǵ˵ͷ
ܿ죬˾͸Լ
磬Լ˴˵ԼǰǩѪԼ
ЩԼԼҲǸвͬ
ʱǩԼǽеĽԼֱָģһΥĻΪͣͲǰ飬е˾ķա
Ƿ͡ҼаطʵҲ˽ĵġ
ȻʹǽԼҲܰٷְԼһˣӦԵĻҲûа취
Լй涨ȵ򣬲ܵõꡣ
ΣյģȻǰΣ뿪;С

ա
ҵİ£뿪˶ǡ
һľɽУ˾ۼһ
Ҫ͵Ŀ꣬ŮǶԱµĽܺȻڡ
ˣҵŵӡ
˫ϺǶԽҲרŹллǵԮ֣Ҳ÷֪ǵ
Ůأơ
ǵʵȻߣͻСδҲǴпΪ
Ŀȥҵİ˶Ƚ侲ʹĴʣҲܱ򶨣ٽʵ
״΢΢ͷ˵ȶǻȻ¶
Ĭ
ͺһ˹
ǺߣҵһλϣŰطʵ
λͣȻҲܷĵİ˽ߣɳ֮ˡ
ȿȣλԽг̣кμ̣߿˼
ѡȡ·ߣûǿй涨
˭Ҳ֪;лᷢʲôҪʱͨ
īɽׯʲôӦʵ
Ŀǰǻû߿϶˵һ·ϣǶרѡƫƧ·ߣҴӶ뿪ʱҸǴٳīɽׯע⣬Ϲʲֲ£Ϣĳǡ
īɽׯԶǵ͸̶ȣǸճǾͻᱻ֡
ٹ죬ǵٶУĴ󣬾뿪ˡ֮ɫ
͵ؽһڿռ伫Ϊȹ̵ԵʣԽڽ磬Ҳ֮١
Ǿûһ
һ뿪īɽׯ޳ĪҲ¶Цݡ
īɽׯٴҲֵҲĿīɽׯ˽롣
ϣһ˳
΢΢ͷ
ĻҲ뿪򣬿ҪͽУҪܿīɽׯĶĿʱվãʹϵ᰽ɣԷֿϳ֣ҲԮ
ţĻƴһꡣ
һʼīɽׯôģҵֶԼȭǲӡ
һ£˫ͻֳʤ˵ھͻдж
߰ɡ
ʮһ뿪ɽȡ
ٶǣǰĴǣ˷ܡ
ֻҪͨٶǵĴ뿪λ˴룬䰴˫Լ涨ʱ׼ʯˡ
û뵽ôɾջ
ƿٶǵģһɣһֱƫīɽׯ߳˽ٶǵ
ɣīϣһҲסٶĴǣƳԾ
Ҳ¶֮ɫҪ֪ҿûд
֣ҶɿһλЩϵģ˭ǡָָգ͵
ָգָȻھ֮ϵɡ
Ƶ˷׷¶ɫ
۾û˵
ܾãһ·̫˳Ȼ˳Ǻ£˳÷һֲʵĸоҷ½ġ
ǰɣ뿪֣ص
ûе飬Ǻֱڴ
ʹôķòƣǲ㻨ѣܿͽǮȴ͡
רŵĴ͵У˵ȴš
ܱǸʱ˹ϣҪάޣλԵƬ̡һ˽˵
üǳе£ϾٶǵĴȼߡ
һ˵Ҫȴá
Ȼеǣڴ͵еֵȣȴٳûд޸õϢ
ô£߽
ʱԽãоԽӽٶǺͰ飬ķ
͵飬ҲǱأᵽ˲ζ
𣿡һֱƽŵķȻ۾Ǳ¶ˡ



1467 ɱȥ
봫͵ңңԵһΰ¥УһŮվ߲㣬·
ǺǣλǶ峤ˣҪЩӳ򡣡һ̬еӢЦݣһ˵
겻İ˰֡
ƿٶǵ¼峤ٶǵҲ¼峤谮ӡ
ΪīӺ񽣹Ӱ£°ҡ°΢ЦĿɨ¥ʣһŮʱȴǱ쳣ҡ
Ůīɽׯīӣò䵭ƺһж⡣
Ȼƫƫ飬
īīΪɼͬףҲīɽׯĵһţ
񽣹΢΢һЦĿżɨԶĴ͵в֮ɫ
ҵ˴⣬īӺ񽣹ҪٶǵĴ뿪˲Żڴ˵ء
һǣܵ°ľ
ԭ˻ЩͣҪ뿪ٶǵĴĳ˹ϣòҵȴҲʱǵˡ
ǺȻҵİطһ͵˻ʶеУ񽣹Ӻīȴϳüˣ׹дҵĴ㡣
ߺͷİҲͰˣͣȴİط
˵ʵȻǰ
ƫƫʱ򣬴Ҳ޺ˣһҵͨ뿪ͱץǣн£˲ò°
ԭΪǺѵ񣬱Ͼٶǵһû뵽°ȴһڴӦ
ǣĹһϡ
񽣹Ҳٶ֪ͨīɽׯ
ʲôĿģΪֹˡŴ͵ķ񽣹͸⡣

͵
¶ˡ
Ļͺͺ߶ɫ䣬ǲû뵽ֿܣǲԸȥţϾۿžҪվˣ˭ʶõĵط롣
ȻԽܣǺôҲ˽ĵѸնзӿ
׼ͻΧ߳
һٶǣΪʲôƫīɽׯ뿪ڣȴЩʱˡ
ͻΧ
ڰǰͻΧ·ߣһɱһֱɱǡ
ȥ
˶һۣߺûôԥ˾üȴҲûз
ǵľܼ򵥣ٶǵĴ󲻿̱ãڵĴ͵봫һ˴󴦾뿪һݣѵѡ
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ߡ
ʮһ˿첽߳˴͵
ףǸʲô͵⣬֮ǰ֪ͨǴϵĻɫ䣺ãǷˡ
תӡ
Ȼ
ĻиȻһһ˿˿Ϣն˻ڡ
ǻ켶ǰطĺ߶֣һԵڵأѪע
ǶټɵţٶǱɣ߳У̾ͻ
ţ
һ΢΢۾
⻹ǷһοҵĶǿ߶֡
ĳһ裬Ǵ֮ܳģȡ֮⣬˽д˻Ϣ
Ȼ֮ǲ߿ɱԵģҵõģ֮ĵһ㣬ԾƤëˡ
ЩƤë
Ȼ֪һ˲ͱ˹Դһȣɱڴǰˣ޲ǻѪĵ¡
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ôĵӡ
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ңǺǣûٶǷ񽣹һžЦ
°ɫѿ
״ΪīӰ£͸ˣĸ飬˵ҵΪûаٶ¼ҷ
ȴǸû뵽ԼֹңҪ
īĮƳ°вм֮ɫһ
һ·ңɱλã°˴Ѷʯ°ҵȥƻ󡣡
ʲô峤˼Ѷʯһߣŵòᡣ
ɲͨĳˣһƻ󣬾ǳ׵̱ʱһҪϡ
ѵЩ죬ٶǺе뿪һңûѶʯһ߻Щԥ°նʲôһе
峤Ȩʹ󣬶¼峤ʱҲٶС
һѸٱƽ̬һߵȨ£˾
峤񽣹ſԡ
Ѿ޹أҵ죬ٶǡ°񽣹ӵĻ
λԴٶɱЩ֮ͽһС£Ͼܽ
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û뵽̬չıĻҪá°뿪񽣹̲סЦ
־裬īӵڡ
ǺǣֻҪϷˡ񽣹Ц

ҸٶǸû뵽ҵ˸Ҷ֣ǿûзӦ÷ת۾ɱ˴ǰ
ΧһˣЩͬٶҪǰˣֵĿˣȴû˿
΢΢һ̾
ٶǣȴҲ޿κΣܲԴаɡ
ڵĺҴ֮ʣʱҲ˲ôˡ
󡣡߷Ը
һŵæ˳׼󣬲ϣɫͱޱѿ
ƻˡ
ߺ͵ɫʱƻζٶ뿪ĵ·Ͼ
ô죿
Ƶ˶֣֪̿롣
ɱ
ɵЩͽ
Χ޴ĺٶڻع֯ɱڵǰ
̬ķչȫ˵ƿء
Ժߵ뷨ƴŵٶǣֻҪӴ뿪᰽ɵľȱԺٶתء
ڣȴٶȫϵľư붼룬ǱȻὫƻ㵽ͷϡ
־ܣζܲ˵ġ
ô죿
ߺͶңһʱò
~
һҵĽ쳹˻һĿⲻԴ
ƽס̫ٻ
ʮһУʼնƽģҲֻˡ
ɳĹУ֪˶ٴˣǰΣ֣ȴǸֵһᡣ
棬ɱȥ
˵꣬ݵǰһ̫ٻǰն
ɲǼ䣬𣬻Ϊ޼᲻ݵĽǰȥ
¡¡¡¡
ٶУһĻ𣬴ǵķϵԶȻ޼᲻ݵĽ£ȴ֧飬Աһնơ
һӲٳĵ·ǰ



1468 ù
ԥ֮
ǰ;أҾһնơ
һٶնһ·Ҳնȥе
ãɱȥ
ҧҧǻ縺Σ־ܣο³ҡ
Ŀ˷һۣƵ˸ϡ
ٶУͨһնĵ·ȴκһ·ϣ˺ٶǵķٵڶཨӲٳġ
һǳٶǵԤϣܿ˴ɱٶǿߡ
ǵҪĿģɱȥٶ
ηԷٶӲӲĻֻװ˷ʱ䡣
ʵ֮ۡ
иڰ׽֯Ĺâ
̵Ĵڣ÷޷ٶȿٳֻ磬޷򷨲ֵ״̬ʵ֮ۻʹõġ
Ĵ֮߸ǰ
ٶǵķ¶
ˡ
ٶǱϾǶϱ˸ڳٶǵķϵǿͣڶķ룬Է˵Ҫ׽©֮ƿίʵû̫Ѷȡ
ǣٶоͳһĻ
ٶкֱײһ·ȥһΰĽȻΪٶǵ˺ɱ죬ȴ׷ҵˡ
ȻڸߴȫָӣǷߵ·ʵ̫꣬ѡȫٶǷı㣬ЩϵӲ˶á
ٶĴǣϵǱ鲼ȫǵģѹŽߵ
طսĻʹڽȹ̵Ķ죬սನҲܽٶǳ׻ٵ۸ǿˡ
ʱٶǵķϵȫȴûаﵽǣγ谭ܴ졣
µǣЩϵڷ£ʱΪֵϯȫ
ôܡ
񽣹Ӻīվڸ߸ߵĸ¥ϣ·ĻңеĺɫԽԽŨ
ǿ
һֱЩٶǵķϵǰͬ裬֮˱ܿٶǵҪŪڹ֮ϡ
ٶҲλطλǿߣҽֵĻᶼûС
Ҫ׷ϵʱ򣬱һ˸ôķϵΪֲɨ⻪ӿסλǿߵȥ·
ڳ⣬ڷȫٶڣȴš
˶޷⣬Щҵˣôٶǵķ©ָơ
񽣹Ӻīӵľٶǵķŭ֮ȴϲˣڷĴ£һ·ϣȻûжǿȵս֮˶ʮС־ܽЩвǵǿߣȴǱķϵ
ۿţžǰ
ĬҪ㣬Ǿӳȥ˷ܲѡ
ûз·ĻⲻҪٶӲӲȻλطٶֻλǴƵˣҪӲȥҲǧѡ
µǣӵľˣīɽׯӵϢӶˡ
Ҳ𺳣û뵽ı¡
ȳȥ˵
⻰һҲˣڻվǸҵʱ
ܿ죬˾ɱ˳Ÿ
á
ɫ΢䣬ٶǵĳڻպϣϾȫֺϣʱ򣬳źͳǽһƬߵķϵһһ壬ûԵ©ʹǷһʱҲƻ
ⵢĹ㹻ٶǵ׷ˡ
ǡҲ˳æߴˡ
ȻһӰȴڱպϵĳǰס˵ȥ·
°ٶһݣĽŲһ͡
ˣ°
ʱīǰı񣬶Ťͷŭ
°ζ뵽̬ᷢչز
ԭûҵ˷Ϊֵʵȴݺݸһ⡣
ٶУһĽ棬Ҫˡ
Ǻôĵӣôĵӡ°˫Ŀͨ죬޲ýǰʮһǧУйͷ֮ޡ
ҳСǣǱ븶ѪĴۣߣˣһ߲ˣҪߣǴҵʬ̤ȥ
ҿ˭ң˭ң
°µơ
ߺһͣǻ治Ҷ°֣ҲͰˣ°ٶ˵һѪԵϵϵ
һȺ°ЦмĿˡ
ʲôֵĿ˺ߺһֱۣǰȥ
Ҷ°
ȻĻû˵꣬һȼŻĳϡ
~
°ڣһԱߵײ̣ǽڣԵǰһ̣ԼһС
ù
~
һȵѪ°˹ȥ



1469
°һķɣ֪ߺͶĿɿڴ
û뵽ĵȻ֮
ߡ
űպڼ˲ҵ飬æǰٶǳŹرյǰһ̣˳ȥ
Χٶûһ˵ǰ
ڴ˵Ͳ࣬ʵԶԶ磬Щҵ°Ҵ򣬸οǣЩ°ķɺҲǴʧɫȥ쿴°ˣйˡ
峤
峤
ǱӰٶǵλطʱ˶ǻͷȻٶǵķϵǿʹҲвǵôǱҲǲġ
Ҳȥ׷ɱӳٶǵˣǵһʱȷ°
Ƭ̺
峤û£˵ˣǡ֪°˶˿°ˣ̡
ЩͽٶҴ峤һҪʬΣйͷ֮ޡ
һλطŭ
һҲصĵͷ
Ϊֹ˶һͷˮ֪׷ʲô£°谭ˣԼƻ£û
ֵʲô
ٶҪԸЩӵĻīɽׯԸٶ֡񽣹ӵңң
˴ǺҲ߸
īɽׯˣңλط۸񽣹ӺīӣǺߣжЩ׹
ʵڲµϣ°峤Ϊû뵽ȴЩ֮裬īɽׯԴλܷģīɽׯĶǿڸó׷֮ˣЩͽӴܣҲɡ
񽣹
Ѿٶǵ£ѶīɽׯǱ߻ƵİţܽٶҲȻٺò
ٶǵλطһۡ
µʲôѾҪˣҪǣȫûٶǷŭģ취أɱӺٶƱء
ٶǣԸīɽׯɱЩӡ

֮󣬷ٶԶ롣
Һٶǵ˹°û׷ǵ˳ѡ
Ĭ֪˭𣿡Ի˿󣬺߿ŷ̲ס˳
˭
ٶǵ˵ƿٶǵ¼ңѪԵϵһλԶݡƾһ㣬һ¼ҰռٶǣմҲû˸졣߽͵
ΪԼ˵°¼ҵ󣬷¶𾪺֮ɫϾϹϵģǷͬСɣɾǸ߸ϵД
ǣûκα仯
Σź߷ʣѵסڳ

һ㶣૵ҵĻº͵ķʽƷ
°·ȻͶҶ֣ǶסϾ°طʵڰطǰȫ
ֱķ°ȴǲҵġ
ҲǲòϣĴʽǼЧģȻ˵㡣
ΪűպڼǶԥһĹͻԽãһ֡
Ҳ͵ˣûʲô˵ġ̸̸ô߰ɡ
ԣ߶ʱһ࣬һû˵Ҳ˹
ǵ鶼ʮء
ͨ뿪ĽݾѾϾҪȥ򣬾ֱֻӴȥˡ
ҵΪֹףΪʲôٶǻ뿪ͿЦۿųɹڼȴ˲ƽգҪ˵ﲻǲܵġ
ӦúīɽׯйأٶǲԵ޹ʵǡ侲
֪ٶǺīɽׯ֮䷢ʲôҲѾҪ
Ҳ˵īɽׯҲ֪ǵĴڣȻδػ֪ǵĿģǴµķΧȴˡӹ˻ǾҪīɽׯ׷ɱŶҪһٶǡ
ߺͶɬ
εĻ񣬹ؼأһ¶ͻء
ٶҲͰˣīɽׯ׷ɱȴв
īɽׯǿ̫࣬ʹҪԸңҲֳܷһ׷ɱǡ
ô죿ߺͶ
ٶı֣֮࣬ҲһЩġ
īɽׯֻҪ̫ھѾʼˣӵԽãӳļԽͣΪ֮ƣֻһ취Ǳȿ졣
ѡȡ̵ĵ·ٶ뿪򡣡
侲
ǡԥ£һǰǳױ¶īɽׯٶǵ¡
һ׷ٶȣͲڲ٣īɽׯٶǻܸϵǰȥȻʱ٣·һˡ
޿ɱģǻīɽׯٶǵˡ
̵ĵ·ȻǼմɱ
٣ɱ١ǿҵĽɢݳӦһɱ¶Ļ
ԣߺͶ΢ȻĵײôͬǰǰģҲûбѡˡ



1470 ҹϮ
˵ʱ
ൢһͻīɽׯٶǸʱ䣬׷ɱԼ
ңڵΪĳϣҲܰﵽǱߡ
ϾλطҪԸǣīɽׯɳǿ֣л˶ٵѹֱӴ͵򲻱֣Ҳȥ
һ˼󣬺ͬ˷ļƻڳƬ̣Ҳǵͷ
˴Ƶˣٶȸ
ڲټǵĶҲǺܿͱīɽׯٶǷ֡
ȻǶ磬԰طʵܹڽеģȻٶȿ϶첻
Ҫʡīɽׯٶǵ׷ɱȻԼУǳա
ҺôҲܳܽѹ۵Ȼеġ
۵ĻɻĸۣȻʱ׷ٶȵˣȴǹ˲ˡ
һա
ոٷС
ˡ
ķȻ۾
ȷһ˲ߺҲһ
~
װУʮֲĹգӵ£Ӹݺݺ̤ۡ
ȻķˣѾǰ
~
̫ٻһʱݺᣬأ۵֮һ
ߺҲû˷׷׳֣ʣĹԶ۵ĵط
Щÿһڵһ
Ҫ֪طʵֻгڡںͺΣȻǽӽطˣһıѾõĹνǿ
ǰ漸ûκιȴڴʱһ˵ĻͻС
߿˵ϣֻһطĻԷĹҲпܵóѡ
ֻҪһ©ܺۡ
ǵĿģҪɱˣҪ֮
һ㣬׹һڴͷĿɨ·ʱӴܵӰ
ӡЦһһīɢ˿˿Ϣڽ
Ӷ䣬ŻϢĽ䣬һӴܵӰɱ
СǿһҲطӦòīɽׯˡջĿ⣬жϵ
īɽׯȵЩһɣߣڻҰˣīɽׯǰǣ޷ǰװ
ǵĿģǻٵǵۡһ㣬ͳɹˡ
⻰һߺͶЩΡ
ԷĹǾĲ߻ģɹʺܴ󣬶ˣڿʼİȫ󣬾Щи
ΣīɽׯٶǣӦ֪ǵʵɫ΢
īɽׯٶЩأҪƻ⣬һĿģΪŪ֧ʵ
ٶͻΧʱõǷϵ©ʵĻδô
ڣīɽׯٶӦҵ֧λطôһγڵˣȻĶԸǵǿ
Ȼīɽׯ֪ǵĿģλطڣζ
ɫ
ĽҪͷҶɳôһ֧ǿ飬ɼͼȻС
û˵
ٶǵλãԵĵطǡǡ෴ǱȽԶģտʼʱΪܽĴλòҪŻѡȥ
ԣ˵뿪ٶǺ󣬷Ǿܽˣʵϣкܳһ·Ҫߡ
īɽׯȫʱɳǿ׷Ǹϵǰȥء
ߺٲҵȫעһвԾϾܲ
ֹա
һ̲ͣĸʻȻֻʣ·̡
ЩûϮ
֪֧ǿʵȻ
ߺϵɫȴԽԽŨΨзȻƽ˺ţʱľڱ׷ɱ
˶죬Բù
磬Ҳҹ֮֡
ӴסµĿֲشɱʮط۵̫ȥʱڰ˴ء
ֲָܼܲҲǴ󽵡
յۣͻȻǿҵĹâǰգʹϣҲ١
һҲ쳣ۣڼԶҲȷǵλá
ܺһƬţ֪ǲ˵Ĵؼ˿˿ɱ֮Ȼ
ֽŲķΧߺ͵ľ񶼲Ľ
ҹԽԽ
ͻȻ
ڣ۾
ͬʱԽ쳹أһ޴ĽâƽɢϢݺն˸ٷеۡ



1471 ޿ɵֵ
ҹɫУһâ𣬶ʱɢԶ۸ΪĹâ˵ߣ֮ĿֲϢ·ﶼ˶ľ
ĺ۾
һ۾˳˭
ĺīɽׯĶǿߣӽڵʵҪ֮ϡ
Ҫ֪ͺͺߵʵɲȥ
ӦУаطʵҲкüλ类һܵĹͷ޺ܱҼѡ񣬲Ҫǿʵڣѹˡ
ͬģɳ֮ˣҲ
ԣҲзڵʵ
Ȼǿǣĺһ£Ҳ˵ĸо
һǶ֮
ǸɡĮӵ´ǿҵţƺֻҪһ֣;һ֮ˡ
ĺδ棬ȴˡ
ãһĺ¾ǣסǡҪͳ֡
ʱķϥͷһȼŽɫĳ󣬷ִ̫ٻһңң̳
ںߺ𾪵ĿУƺȼһ֮ҫ۵ĽâзɳͬصĳҺﶼȼմ
~
Ⱥǰ֮ѸٱΪΡ
~
һɴӵ´ȻĺҲ˼֮УȻȴûип𾪵ʱ䣬̫ٻڶδ̳
ӳҵĺ̺޼᲻ݵĽȻ˵¡
ŵŭУĺæַȼյĿֲ£ȴǽڽڰˣգֻһڻľ޴Ӷ
λϲصĺûҲûǸˡ
ôܡ
⾪˵һĻߺͶɴ۾޷ǰһУʵǻҪǿٵĺôˣ
С
ڡţĸ˵Ժ
ĬȻǷڵǿߣ
ߺͶһۣ֮࣬˼Ŀϲ֮Уʵ֮ǿȻٺòˣǰȫİմ
ѹ֣һֱôƽѹֱ֣ѡ·ͻΧīɽׯٶǵأ˵ɱŵĻ߻Ȼ
ųʵŻᴦ䲻
˽һǰ棬ֻǿʼƽ˶У˵֮ûټ˵۾̫ٻϥͷ
һ
ʱŷ֣Ѿĺûеڶ˳֣ⲻǱ˶ˣģֻĺһˡ
īɽׯٶǵ˵ʱȺĺǿһ֮ǣҲҪǵٶȡ૵
ԣĺȷʵʱʹ˶֣Ҳȫˡ
Ψһû뵽ģǷ
΢֪īɽׯٶһĹƣһҹޱ
ۼǰ
˵ĵǺܿʵܿ죬ڶ˵
طգĿżʻۣ˺ȻٶУ׷ɱ˵طʣīɽׯˣȻһأīɽׯٶ֡
ߣһȺͽվǵڡٶǵһλط̺ǿš
һ⣬ȫǷڣôǱʤɡ
īɽׯЩ֣Ϊʲôĺûг֣ԭǵĿģҲǽӦĺɱЩˡ
ʱҲǲɻˣǿĺˣûϡ
ĺɱֿܣǸȥǡ
׼ʱ
ڡ
ûۣȻϥͷ̫ٻȴз˷󣬷һ̳
ֲĳȺأû
ôˡīɽׯٶǱճɻҵˣߴ˸ӿǿҵĲʵо
ڲ֮İطڷһ£ҷ
һ΢С£ûκα仯ոմչ̫ٻƮڷϥϡ
ʵƺ˳ͻȻ֣ص
һ㶣ͷĿ˷һۡ
˵ûʵĻѵ˿û뵽һֿܡ
ѵ˵Ƕ򣿡ɬ
пܡصĵ˵ͷһɣīɽׯٶΪѹ̼Լͻƣɱĺһ𣬾ͽ˶״̬
˶ľ硣
ֶ״̬£κһ˵ʵбըʽ޷ٶš
ܽ״̬ʹˣҲֻά̵ֺܶʱ䣬ںߺͿȴά˺ܳһʱˡ
ӷĹУԽԽǿң淢޼᲻ݣҲŲɡ
ǡ֮š૵
ûǰȻīɽׯٶѾյĺ˵Ѷװ
ɫĺڰۿҪȥӭ
ߺͲ˿һҹҪȥˡ
ߡ
һȻը죬ͬ˶쳹
ʲôˣߴ󺧣һȣĶҡɼԷʵ֮ǿ
Ӱҹɫлɳӭۡ
նǽӡΪ׵ˣߺͶɫ䡣
Ƿ۷ĶǿߣʹīɽׯڣҲλطʣû뵽ɱ֧飬Ȼ
ӣˣҲīɽׯķǿߣһ˶ɸɵǡ
Ҫ֪īɽׯǿǱҲǿҪ裬ʹԸңҲ㳲Ҹûзء
ȴɳݶԸǣúߺ;
˲˷ˣӳ֣һ˳֣㹻ˡ
ʲôĿģΪֹˡӵŲɵζ
ͬʱصĿһۣĿ·ܴ͸
Ĭ
ԳΪĬ֣ʢϣīɽׯҲڳģ֪ĻԶĶࡣ
ĺ˵䣬ȷϣ˳ĬǱ˳Ĭ
ţնɱߵˣҲˡ
ɡ
ûٶ˵ʲôϻӳʣɲǼ䣬һ貽â𣬴ױȵķâֱӣ·Ҫյǳն
ӵĳһ߼Уһնǳ
ֲնһߺȫûеֿأֻܱĿ
ڣȻ۾
һʱ֮⣬е̫ٻ̧
ߺ۾ǿŷĳ̧һմӷϸҫ
ЩɨصĹ̺ŷĿֲ£̺ˣ޼᲻ݵĽ
ն
ͺȣе̫ٻ͵ն䡣
ֲֿ׵նȻԣʵĽ޿ɵֵ֮ƣѹնһķâû־ӵˡ
һʱ䣬ؾ㣬ɨҹɫ
ӵˣ䡣
ߺ𺳵˼㡣
ʱҲǵʱ֣һĹâȥ̫ȽȽ𣬽ҹɫɨڷϣе顣



1472 

߽硣
һۺХԼٶȴ˱߽磬
뿪ˡϣǺߣͣƵˣ޲ǳһоϳľʯŲߣ˵ĳ졣
նǽӵ˱һɱ󣬽죬ûκεˡ
īɽׯŭҲ׷ˣѾǽĵطһɵĵ̣īɽׯǿҲǲ׿׷ڱ˵ĵϴ֡
֮ʱȴǰȫࡣ
һ·ľĶǣ˶¡
ǳĬǿ֮ˡ͸п
ĬĬͷīɽׯɳǿݣҪɵǵȫǲѴ֮ʵϣһ·ҲУ˴󲿷ʱ䶼䵱˿ͣҲﲻæ
˶Ǿη
Դһɱӵ˺󣬷ͿʼչأҲû˸ȥԴˣߺ͵ǲ֣ǿīɽׯٶǵľ޴ѹͻƣĶ״̬ʹʵűըʽ
Ӹտʼķڣһɱ۷ӣʵʹûطʣҲ޽ӽˡ
ԾʽĽڰطһΣ̶ֱ֮Ƿ˼
ôֲʵ˳״̬󣬱Ȼɸȵ˷ϱչأã̸ǵѡ
û뵽һУȻҼʶڶ̶ڣӷڿԽ۷壬һδ澭̲סп
Ҳͷڽ磬ȻܴŹʣһδ档
ľޱ֣סǣǼΪ÷δʱҲǲɵĸо
֪ʢϵı֣Ͳ̫ˡ
ɢޣƫ󣬲ʢҪ󣬾ûȥǣµ͵ûͷ
īɽׯȻҲȥʢᣬǲãǾ͵֪īɽׯҪҶֵϢﻹμʢᣬͻˣʢϵ£һ֪
ˣѾ򣬰ԼǿԵõˡ˵
⻰һ϶ʱ¶Цݡ
˵еķղ󣬿ɵʱΪҲӦõġ
׼ʯ
ߺܸɴó׼ʯͣ͵ı꣬Ȼϡ
ȻǸ淨
۷չصķ䣬ЩɲҴŷ
ɡ
ʱƽں߶
һ㶣漴ƿ˽ȥ
ڣڵأĿƽúвһ
νıչأǷΪ˸ԼǵʵһĽڰˣȻһεı׷ɱУҲһʱ̴ĦŽ֮Խ޵̣ڽľ˲ŻᱻߺΪǽ˶״̬
ˣҲȥϵʵ˳ɵˣչֳ۷塣
ⷽ棬Ҫлīɽׯһ
Ե޹ʵĶʵȷʵ̫ͻأˣڿֲѹ£ͻƣȴܱģʹʵȷǳҲδزܡ
Ҫ淨߲ҵһһɢǿҹԺĽֽųǰ
顣
͵һ䡣
ǱӨֽȼߵֽţؼǿǼ淨ļѡΪ飬һ޶顣
ңʵ
ԸоżΪֲȻﵽ˾طʵĲΡ
Ҫ֪ʥд飬һ飬̺ʮط۵ĲΡ
۵ȻһΡ
˺һۣϾȻǿһŵơ
Ҫᡣ߿ɲ÷⣬ЦϵҿˣҲ
ԣƳ۽飬üͷҲǲ쳣
ڵǱӡŵģȻӴȴҪַʹá
ԭңǸҴֽġĹҿ˺ܾãǾԭ߳
΢΢ͷĳû˵ѣг⡣
ҲǶԷĸм
ʵϣȫûбҪôƴȻнԼΣ£Ҳûйܵİ취ܼٷɵ˺Ƿȴһеһն̹;ú߾壬ҲΥ
鰡Ŀ΢Գȡ
ףҼĹǡ
˵Ļ飬¶֮ģʹӡҲһ
ǾطʼƿصĻȫԴ˽һ
Ȼǲں
ֻǽļ淨Ĺͬ
һԣֻн飬Ǽ淨ȫݣ©ǴߵѪڡ
ͽġҲܵõ淨ݣеľȴǷȱġЩġõĹȱ©࣬ǵ淨ôġģȱȫ
Щġ淨տʼҲ⣬ԽԽԴ
𣬳̺ͬ߸Ϊǿ⣬ĲͬͬǴ׿ڲ壬죬ĸףһ㣬ԶԶԱġ
Ψһ޿ܿ˽ȴҪϲ١
Է˵ܹĦ飬õջ
ĵĿŷѽóҲǾһģѡŷʱڿʼĿȺ󣬺ܿͻָƽҲΪ֮˿
飬Ĭ㾡ţֻҪڵ᰽ǰ黹ɡ˵
û⡣ͷӦҪĦʱ䲻᰽֮ǰ´ࡣ
û뵽ҾȻн顣΢΢п֮ϲ
Ȼ࣬ҲԶԵģ֮ϡٵ£֮Ľ͸Ƿëˡ
Ŀûд̽н顣
һ㣬÷еֵǣ֮ĶȻЯ⡣
ȿȣ⡭᰽áµ˵һ䣬ֵȥ᰽ɣҲ׼黹飬᰽ɳ֡
һЦ
ӺµģͲ³浱᰽ɵõ飬²ʲôʵ¡
ˣͷҲ˲̫ˣֻܰ黹˵Ԯˣ᰽ɵɽŶȥͻᱻ
ЩûʲôȤڻ˺ߺĿʱڽϡ



1473 ȥ
֮
Ŀڽϣݡ
ӡûʲô谭÷ֱӿ
Ȼûô΢Դ壬ɷҲû̫ѶȣϾ淨ϣҲ˲ٵʱѪл
ϵݣ뷽յ֮һ㣬֤
һ鿴ȥһãƺûκβ졣
ڶ鿴ȴ˵
飬ı顭
һĹĦģߵĲ֮ǰѷ׷׿⣬÷ǳڽϵݸӵľ淨һľ衣
Ȼġ΢΢˿
Ų׸ʮ鿴°յڣҲڶʱڣֲ֮
֮󣬷ģ֮Ȼ°빦ȻԶȲã洫ط󣬿ǱֻȴҲǲضãȻҲи֮̫ɬѶٶʮֻ
˽ģ˽޵ľ󣬷𽣽淨ЧҲǼߡ
֮꣬ĵһɣԲ
¶֮ɫ
淨˵ٶȣѾǷǳˣҲΪ֮һ̶ȵԵʡ
ȻԷʵһ֮Ҳûʲôô÷Ķǣ֮ĵһԼеǿ֮һЩߣò˶ãʱʵȻܸһ¥ȹתҲʮİա
ӣѴ󲿷־ڴĦ֮֮ϣǿ֮
ߵ˶ţһ·޻
īɽׯƺǷ׷ɱֻǱ޳Īûг֣һǺϽĴ󣬸᰽ɡ
᰽ɵλãɲıԵͨתҪ˴֮࣬Ѽޣȴüͷһ£˾޴Ĵۣϧһеٶȸ᰽ɡ
ʮ
һ˷糾͵̤᰽ɵΧ
ϣҲ˳߻档
ԼλĻ˹Բ֪Ǻȥδӣ߿żɽ
䣬ҲǸоһɣ·еʧ˻˳ˣȻû᰽ɵɽţīɽׯһٸӣҲ᰽ɵĵ¡
ұһɢޣǣ޹ң׼ﶺһپԺȥ򡣡
˵
ɲһ򣬷˾޴ʧīɽׯȻǨŭҪȥĻҲ̫ҺҲûʲôǣҵ˺£ɴڡ
ǰ᰽ɡȴû
Ǵˡ
Ȼ֪Һ᰽ɵľϵǿҵɣжҲ²⡣
ǵԮֺαشƵأУǰȫ׸ûκá
᰽ǿɣɲȥǡ
һˣܵõ׼ʯˣࡣ
λĳʹ˸ǡŷͺ߹˹֣ͷۣתʧ
͵ȥûֹֻǿŷ
Ȼ㡣ȡ˺ߣ˿֣صĽ֮
˵ȥ򡣡£Ҷ᰽Ķ棬֪ܷͬУ
ߴϲҪУﻹ᲻ͬ⣬ӦϾһ
ȥ˵ĹϵҲǽ˼֡
ʵεĻ񣬳᰽ɳ⣬һĿġ˵ȥ
˵Ƶ˼᰽𣿡һ㶼⡣
Ȼǡ߿Цͷϣ黹˽᰽ɻ᲻ˣǺްգûжģеĻֻһǰ᰽ˣϣڽķϣ᰽ɲܾ
ҲΪұһ֡
˵ͷ
ƵˣһٮٮߣҰ᰽ɵĻδǰ;ȻҪõĶ࣬ߵϢȥ󣬾īɽׯ˼ɣٲҰ
ô˵ĻǶ᰽Ԯ֣ʵûжٰյġ˺߻˼
ԣɬĵ˵ͷ
ΪһЩǰ£᰽ɳֵĿԺС߳
ǰ᰽أжٰա׷ʡ
Ӧ˵мϣ϶ܵѡϣƶܳŹȥˡ߳̾һѼϣڼϣҲʵ޿κΡ
ʲôطҰæĻһ֡
£˳ŵ
ĿṩУҪı᰽ɵ淨Ѷȼ󣬷ʱҲûʲô˼·֮һԿǵ㡣
ȡᣬ˽᰽ɵĸٿҲ١



1474 
ٶǡ
뷽˴ٶûйȥãʱĳǳȻһƬǽ壬ȵǰٶǵλطѶʱ͸ǳƲˡ
ٶ˵ǵһΡ
ǵԼҵĵ̱˸췭ظʧأöԷң⣬ûץסնɱ
һʱ䣬ڵģҲǰδеĸ

°ڵϣϻЩףȻƻûо
°ǰģһŭӡ
ӡӺɸֿ°ٶǵĳҲ°ĸס
ԭ⣬Ĵ£ҡ¼ٶǵĸﻹ⣬ҴҸ˻
ٶǵĲ״ٽӵλطѶٶķζըˣ°һͨŭ⡣
ףҲû뵽Щ˵ô󣬸ڳ£ԭΪһС¡°Щί
ȷʵû뵽ôصĺôֺīӣҲôɡ
û뵽ǣԷʵȻǿֵزȫɳ֡
˼·ϱƣ˷ٶŭһĶ°ϣԭЩ׵ʱ
ŭٶ°ٶ˵ʲô
£ȷʵǳġ
ٶǵһڱ°ƣڲ˽ʱ򣬾ɫϵΪīɽׯͷ
ѵ˵ôˣգ°ĵĲʣζʲȥ
ˣ
ٶЦһǿҵɱϱ°
ôˡҧٶһֵ˵Թͷ֮ɫ
ûٶǲȣ˭˭ѾҪˡ
ڵٶǣٵһͿλİط䣬Ƕʧȫصĳ̶ȣ¼ֱӳûϻ
ٶʱ֪ɣڶٶǣ¼ңǶԴµķӦ
ӵдٶǣǶһ⡣
һͰѳĺôв˴ߣж˺޲ȡ֮
Ȼȴûһ˵ô
Ϊٶǣ¼Һ棬վһɣ綼ϵĴڡ
ɣ졣
֪ĵλ
˭Ҳ֪¼ҺĹϵ˺̶ֳȡ
ɣ⻹ǺܴӵĴûˣСɸû׷ɱ
ǣ죬綼û֮ء
Ϊݼɵ¼Ҹǣӵٶǣ˸졣
ھͲһˡ
һңٶֵ췭ظ¼ҵλطնɱˣ˴£Ҫ¼ûмҵķӦûܰץأȥ
˭ܿ¼ҺĹϵʵô
֪ʱиһ¼ңתۼͻᱻĨȥ٣ٶǾ޿ܱסˡ
֮ʱҲòһˡٶ૵ݺݵ°
°¼Ҳ˴
ףҪˣ°ȴǹ˲̫࣬ٶ˼ʱϲ
ٶصĵ˵ͷ
λ棬¼ҺΨһϵԷʮطۣĴ
ֻϧ˫ѪԵϵȽԶ¼Ҳᱻ򷢵Եشˡ
ҿЩôǸý飬ҪǧС°ĿŤƺˣĥ˵ĳ

᰽ɵΧ󣬺û̸᰽ɽڣ̻Χһصռ᰽ɵϡ
ǧǰ᰽ɣǧҲûйע᰽ɵ
᰽жǿߣ˭ȨһŲ֪
֪᰽ɵʱҲǲ˵
һա
ߴ̽Ϣüͷ
̫ݣ굼᰽ɵˣ񻹽ڣʵ᰽ɾصĴһҪػ᰽ɣȻһõĻᱻݺݵѡ
ǧʱ䣬䣬ֻͱʹ󣬷򲻿
ԭָԷ᰽ɵĵλߣҲţ֪ԸΥ
ȴˣɻ
뿪᰽ʱˣǰ߽͵
üչ̽Ϣôеϣĺã
᰽ɵһλʲôԹΪʲô᰽ɣ֮Ľ飿
ԭĶԹ𣬵ȴĸӡ
ͬһĻ»⵽λĵӣɶԷļƻΪ
߲˵ɲ꣬ǷҲԥֱ뿪ѡİ취



1475 ᰽
ƽĿźߡ
ȥͿԷ̬ˣѾɣʱߣ御ˡ
Ҳһ㣬Ҫõİͱ̹ϣʹùһʱµͷʱҲⲻˣ˫ѡ
һ·ϣۿŷɾ漣ģԷδҲܿã򲻵ѣҲôһǰ;
Ͼǲ֪᰽Ҳġ
˵߳ŵͷ
ġ
᰽λĶԹ˵ҲǷǳĹѪ
һǰ᰽ɳݺǿһʱλ
ǶͬʱˣʵҲ޼۽ģطط
˵һʵͻƣһ˺ܿͻ
ˣΪΪ˫ӣΪδ᰽ɵš
ճ˵ˣԾкܴĿܳΪѡ
ǣʵȴˡ
Ϊλͻƣǽ֣ʱʵȣȻٸһʱգλʵ
һֱȵģ档
޵ľϣÿһΣѹλÿһζͻơ
ν˫ӣȥҫ۵ģ棬ᵽʱ˵ģҲ϶档
λȻҲʲôػ֮ˣһδεƴŬһδεҪԽӭȴһδεʧܡ
һζûӮ
õģֻоɥʧ䣬
˿ģֻĹʣȴδʧ䣬ƴŬȴòرľɥⲻһΣǴδˣʼջӰ£ѹĴ
˵Ļλﻹ̵ס˶Լͬİ᰽ɵһŮȴֻʱìڱˡ
սȴԲҰܸգһʤʼնһ㡣
Դף˹ϵ񻯡
ڣһ졣
ӵǸһŮĴѶɽأȻģȴǼˣǼ֮Ľ飬ֺǱԶɵ滳ô˦
ʱеִϳˡ
߾ڣԷûи͵Ļᣬ֡
Ľзֲλִϻɱԭܽ͵壬ȴڽķ£ûκתأƴӳ᰽ɣȴˡ
˲֮ԩΪѻ˲Σʵˣǰˡ̾ϢֱǰҲôһ£ĵ˾ˣ˶Ϊλݺ棬ѳ᰽ɡ

û˵ѵĻȷʵԩģȻһ֮ʣΣҲġ
ǷԩҪ£뷽޹ء
Ҫ֪ģ᰽ɵ̬ȡ
ӳ󣬾Ҳû⵽׷ɱ᰽ĬҵĴڣͻȻʵ
ûСߺܿ϶˵᰽ɶǣ߻ħ䣬᰽Ҳҹ׷ɱҵĴڡ
͹ˣôҲоطʵʧãǽ綼ĺӦ׷زŶԣʵҲûӳ᰽ɵΧҪ˵᰽ɲҽ׷ɱҲ̫ǣǿʵ
Ǹʲôʲô
߲ԼϢһһ˵λͷȴ֪֮ꡣ
ǽϴĿõϣһ£۾΢ܿ˽ۣȻû´ĻǳƷ
㲻õģǾȥ᰽ɣλһڲ졣΢Цг񣺡᰽ɵĵλٸҲãΪ᰽Уͬǣ滳֮ġ
˵Ͳټ˵ȥˡ
ûлع᰽ɵĿܣĺȴԣңһܺõ㡣
㱣ȻţԼҲţ᰽˶ĻΡ
Ըһ֮ΪǳͷӦģҲҪӦһ¡
ʲôߴϲ᰽û֪֮ĳŵȴͬһǿļĴ
ϳ֮⣬ҲûбѡˣϴӦԴУȥ᰽ðһԡ

վϣңңǰ
һΡ۷εض֣֮ģҲˮ޾Ľ֮
Ƶ˿ĵľЩ޽⣬·ҪǶ
᰽ɡ
ȥɡ
һ뿪ǰȥ
ܿ죬쳤ʹ᰽зɳתۼ͵˺ǰ
ߺˡӳд
Һ˹ػ᰽ɡ߳



1476 
Һˣ
ȥ¾װƮӳںǰ
˶һۣӱ˴пãȻ
δ˵Ϊ׵İӵۿźߣ˿ΪԷʵԼ֮϶壺᰽ɽصأ²ӲʲôҺˣҪ˭ͨȥ
߲⡣
£᰽жǻĪҲ߻ħ䣬ڵһ䶯Ļ⣬ǧû˼ǵõǸݺţЩɽ֮ˣνҺˣȻð
Ҫ᰽ɵ˭˭ȴҲϺߵĴ㡣
᰽ɣίʵǼΪİ֮ºң᰽ɵľ̸Ǵδú˻عԵʣ˳λ͵һ⣬֪֮١
Ҳ㱨һ֣֪ԷʲôӦ
ʱԣĻ߿϶Ĵ᰽ڲҵεˣڣҵľƲȴݲ
ĺĺˣλܻ㱨ȥ˴á߳
ĺ֡
֪ˣ֪ˡΪ׵İĻ˻֣һ㱨ȥģǾȴϢɣʲôʱϢˣһ֪ͨǡ
ͣЩ֪ðļһȫûз
Щ˾ģȻһʸĶ˵֪Ҳжͷ˵ҡײƭ֮ͽʲôʱˣͻ㱨ȥҲʯ󺣣κκ
Ȼˡһ
֮ǰͷ۹᰽ɵķӦоɽŶȥǵϢᴫ᰽ɵĸ߲
Ҫ߲̸ס
ǰӵ̬ȣ֪ȵδػʲôϢ
ӻ㱨ˣҲżıԷҲ֪棬ǶͰһһԣ֪Ļֿܡ
һֿǣԷֱӾλ£ǽԶ
һֿǣԷ汧̬ͬȣпܽӼǣҽϻ㱨
˵ĻǵʱҴ޷Ԥϵı
ֻˡ૵
ǼŪ˵ֱӾطȥ
ʦ֣ˣ
УһȺУʲôɫûУǵŰɡ
һĲ⣬Էͷֻϵ¸ϵģʲôҺˣȥ
ʱ
һ쳹󣬿ֲѹӺ󷽴󺧣æͷ߳ʣ˿˿ϢĽ̼䵽ǰ
㷴ûУͱڣӿ׹
㣬㡭ôģӡΨһһӹһٵİľ塣
û뵽߾Ҷ֡
᰽ɣһĶɣ˭ıӵ£Ǽ˽ᡣ
Ŀһ䣬˶ʱһͷҲصɽȥһӣһ߷˾Ѷ
ͷǵһ
һںԣ΢Ц˵
Ҫ᰽ɸ߲㣬ִ
𣿡вȻֵʵûһס
һã˶ᱻ᰽
ֻҪܳŵ᰽ɵĸ߲֡
߼ѵ˿ĭҺ÷Ӧ֣һٸӣҲô
۷ɫƽ·ûǰΣַϣú˿ͬʱҲǰֹƺûһ£ǰݺﶯݡ
ĲŰ
ипλȴǲ̫ˡ
ûеȴãܿ죬᰽ɾǿ߱ˡ
ٺٺ٣ϷѾܾûм֮ˡЦУһɫǿὣ᰽ɼɶɢǿ׵ѹ
طͷһʶľ׼֡
΢΢һЦ
ֻбֳѹԵŻᾪ߲㣬һ㣬
Ǹӹһٵİ˸ں棬Ŀ⣺ִԳ֣ҿô
˿Ϊִ»䣬ǺȻԶǿǣҲǰطˣδִµĶ֡
Ȼð˾ȵǣǰֵĺ߸ûж֡
һδ˳
ƾЦһǣһ̣мЦݾϡ
İһնȼڵִӭͷײ˵̰ӵĺˮһնڵ׹档
ܣⲻܡ
ŵĺ˳޵еִ£Ȼİһס
ôܡ
İЦЦҲƲסеĿ־壬˻ȥ



1477 
ûг֣ɰ˻ȥ
棬Ƶվϣһն᰽ɵǿߣǼԺߣ̲סĳȣоһ⡣
˵ΣҪع᰽ɣȡ
֮£Ҫ˵Ƕ᰽ûкǲܵģҲһɱ᰽ɣΪǵһ
Ȼھ޴ʵֻ࣬ңɼ룬ڷ֣ɾն᰽ɵǿߣ˳вŻֵģȻüǳϲԣ̫᰽ɵĻǻֽкá
ˡ
ûãһӺս᰽ڷɳúľǣûһϢΪ֮ˣԶ֮ϡ
̼䣬ͷɵ˷ǰΧ
ǰ˿У᰽ɵλǿߣȻѾĵ˭Զĺߣûпһۡ
Ϊ׵ĳ෢ߣĿĿ˷һۣȵ⽣󡣡
ûѯʣûн棬һѡ˶֡
᰽ɵɡ
ʲôͷ᰽ͷ϶Ҫбնɱ׼߸ϵǣмȥ棬ֱеĽ
λطڳ෢ߵ£̤²˲һơ
~
һ̣ϵֱڳ޾Ľ⣬޴ţȥ˵Ӱ
վ֮УȻʧȥ˵λãΧããһƬֻܿƵţ洹޾⣬˺һĳ·ֹ
󡣡
Ŀ΢
ˣǿĳ෢ҲǷڵʵڷǰֵһᣬȻ֪һնǰһλطսһɱﵣҪնɱ
⻹Ƿһ
׸īɽׯҪôûǿĽҪôǶһ˳ɲ󣬵᰽ȴһΪһɣĵ̣Զ׸ܱ֮ȵġ
ǵˣԷ˵Ҳһ£˽󣬾Ͳһˡ
С㵨죬Ҵ᰽ʲôͷնɡ෢ĮƯ޷ȷλá
Ϊʲôɵ⽣ɱ۷ǿߣѪɡ
ǿҲǿ۷壬˳෢ʮ㡣
ȥᣬ˷һ⣬Ȼǿ󣬵ԶвԼ⽣бı仯
ţ
˼䣬Ŀ΢̧ͷֻϿһ貹⻪ƮȻ䣬貹⻪˿ֲޱȵĽ⣬͸޼᲻ݵζ·Ҫһжݻٴ
۷弶Ĺ΢ࡣ
貹⻪ĹȻﵽ˷۷ļǳ෢Գƣô˽նɱ۷壬ԡ
û뵽һڣĸڣ˽вȻز૵
ƾ㣬в
̫ٻ͵ش̳ƥĽϣʱǵ貹⻪ĨȥƲߣصײ˽ϣȴûнƿ
۷塭û뵽Сˡ෢ߵ𣬱ղţԶ˼ء
ĳͲͣȻ˷۷ʵ𾪡
ͬģҲɱĸ㡣
ûõģ⽣֮һ۷ƿģܵһιѵܵʮΣٴΣǧΣԹɡ෢Цûκξš
ƺΪӦĻУһ貹⻪۳
Ӳ󣬾ͻ᲻ϵĳܷ۷Ĺû֧޷ʱ䳤̰ˡ
ڱ˵⽣ĥط˵ȴûжв
Щ֪ٶǵսĻһ
ƽ︡˺ڰ׽֯Ĺâ
ʵ֮ۡ
ǰʱ֮γɵĹ磬ǿı仯¶ڷǰ
⽣Ȼûǿʵ֮۶͸ĵز
ֻҪûϵıʲ࣬
ĿתȻ׽⽣ı֮е̫ٻȻ̳
ƿɡ

󣬾Ȼǽ󡣡
ߴ󺧣ŷ֣̼ʧȥӰֻһƬ
ĵ˼㡣
᰽ɵĽǿԶȥԮϾͻᱻȥûзʵ˲ͻᱻɱ
᰽ɾȻǿ̶ֳȣо岻
߲㶼ûгͽǣǿ˵ȫǰˡ
ʱ߲ʶ᰽жôǿԶġ
෢ߵĻ⽣۷嶼նɱ󣬺߻ҲƲסĵӿĿ־ͻ⡣
ںо֮ʱͻȻǱ֮Ȼһͣʲôݺݵײ棬ʹɢ
ǡߵɴ۾ΪԼ˴⽣仯
Ȼһ̣̺ŷĽ⣬мնƿ

᰽ɣһϼεɽϡ
Ǹӹһٵİη壬ǳ羴ĿǰϥӣӶԷ͸Щ⣬Ҳѹİִĸо
ɣԷʵҪɱԼָöһ¡
ᰳϣЩͽ̫ǿҵģҵġԥ˵Ȼλطȥˣ˵⣬һնִµһĻ̫𺳣ɴݵ̬ȣðһ׶ûС
Ҳֻλ˾˾ᰳϣطǿߣɱԷ
᰽ɸģλᰳϡ
޷ᰳϵĿ͸᰽ɵĻɽ󣬿⽣ڵ
һ貹⻪ȴ޷ƽᰳϾѶ
Լ֣˾Խ
ʵҲ᰽¡ᰳ΢΢Цۺм
ǣģ׼ջĿⲻٹעʱ
⽣ڣˡ
һ⽣Ȼһͣǿֹͣת
ţڶӳ⽣˲飬ֲĽ͸෢ߵһӲ׷׻˻俪ȥ
~
ᰳ͵վ¶˺ɫ
ʲôˣš
һĨ貹⻪Ĺ̽ǿȡ
ڶͣͽת

Ҳ˵ͷβƿ᰽Ϊ⽣󣬶УֳģǷ۷βᰳ𾪡
ʲôãȻ֪ᰳ˵ʲôعʱȴᰳһʧǰ



1478 ᰵ
ˡ
ϲû뵽ôʱ䣬ƿ᰽ɵĽ޷
һ·̫ľϲ漣ˣúң뵽˴˵İǸ߲
Сġ
ϸո¶Цݣܿ죬߾ʹʧɫ᰽ڣ߳һˡ
ûǰЩ˰â¶ǴһȴǰδеĿֲѹ·ﶼ֮ΪС
طʣǾطʡͷ
޵ϵ޲ͬطʵĲκ󣬾ӵϵܳΪ޵𹥻
ʵԽǿطö֣ɱط
ȵʮط۵ĲΣܿٳ֮磬⽣֮Уͬ顣
һأǾطʡ
һ磬ʮطۡ
ϵȻͽ޲ͬ棬֮ںϣ߲ͬͬ罵٣ݻΪԼҲȥ
һᰳϣҲԽ޵ϵȻҲİ
ӵһľطʣҲǷʺڣԶڷµ׸ܱȵġ
ܲǰˣûдﵽһصĲΣһЩƤëʵӦڷҡ
ڡ
ȫĻ˿壬ɾܻܶԷԲܡ
鷳ˡ
һ¡
аɡᰳûзϻжһ׳һ
Էһ̣оﶼԼĵˣԼòκͬʱҲҪؼ谭
ҿǵ޻ǽޣΰǽϵ̻ᱻʵ
~
ɫĽ⣬ᰳУأһ£·ѹ˵˼㡣
òϵѹ
̫ٻȻ̳ɲǼ䣬һմӷϸ𣬷ҫ
ߵɴ۾һǷɱīɽׯӵ˵
~
׽£ͬغնʱնգȻҲĥ룬ڷʱȻʮһ
ƮȻˣᰳһնɣȻɫ԰ףؿѪҺڣȴûˡ
ף
ᰳ¶ɲɫһȻֶʵ;磬½һɱط£ʵɻûطʡ
ʵǵû˶ûУš
ȫˡ
ᰳϵľʵֻ֪ԷԶԼľһ£ûУȫˣֱһ
λˣĺˣ᰽µġۿᰳϻ붯֣һɲҶģܲٽ¶Էһæ⡣
ңĺ
ᰳһ㶣еĳ˳˻
ĺĺˣᰳϳԾ粻ĺǧǰ
ʱᰳϻôۣԶ˫ӡ
ĺ֣¹ǧ꣬Ҳ
ŵ˼㣬һգգĿᰳϡ
طʣ᰽ɵĸ߲ˣ޷ԤϣȻᱻģһλ߲뵽Ƿڵǿߡ
ԷλˣǾͺܲˣֱӰɱǰˡ
Ҳ΢
һλ᰽ɸ߲㣬޷ԤϵģҲû׼֮Ľ飬ڷϵʱķӡͱĲˣʵۣ֮ҪƿӡҲ£Ͼַӡ֮ˣʮطۣǧ꣬˲١
һ᰽ɳĸ߲㣬λˣͻϵ֮⣬֮ܡ
ʱ᰽ɻᱻľʱ˲ֹһȫλˡ
˺׼һǰ˷
кƾ֤ᰳϳ
ߴϲԷôʣ˵λˣò֤æ
΢΢ͷȡ˽飬ԭѾ˺ߣȷͬкȡ˻ڽһĨȥĺ֣󣬷Ӹ˺ߡ
᰽ɴģԭ߹
顣ᰳĿ΢ӹɨһۣʱ΢䣺֮һ㡭
û뵽֮һĽ飬û뵽
鷢ʱһСĻ֪ô࣬ҹĺ֮±᰽ɷˣֻ֪߻ħ䣬ϸ޴֪
ô£ʦ߻ħôк⣿һһ飿ᰳкɣǽ鲻٣ҪɣǰЩǲðġ
ǣԽΪۣðĺˣô붼ܡ
ɫ䣬ᰳᵽ˲ͬѰζµĸӳ̶ȣ³Լ˾㱨ȥ˶ᡣ
Ǹɡ
ᰳϵ۷ĺһȴҲûж˵ʲô
Щܵˣûǻ˹ȥûд󰭣Ҳ˼򵥵ĽҹȻҲ͸ǳйء
˰úúᰳϼĸ᰽
һƵչڣдᰵ֣᰽ɵصء
ᰵᰳӡ
һ죬ͱչص⣬ᰵ¡
Ӻûãһ˽ᰳ϶ʱһ㶣ᰣõӣѵ֡
ԣ֣Ҳˡû˵󺺾ԹԵ˵
˵¡ᰵ˵ͷ˵ڷ˺£ȴû˵
һһľطʽᰵ
湲жʮλ᰽ɾطʵܿ죬еʮ߸λãˡ
ҲԼλ¡
γϣ˵˼֪ߵغˣ᰽ɣһͻȻڣ
ʲô˭ôĵӡ
ᰵڵ೤ϣʱŭǲ֪淢ȻţǲȻŭ
ӣֱɱ¡һŭ
ҷ᰽ɣɱ⡣
˶׷׵ͷ
γϣټǣǲΪ£ǰ˵ĳϽᰣͽƣЩͽǲѾɱ
ûУ³С᰽͵
Ȼû˵ٴαλϴϣŭȵҳӲɱЧȣѵ᰽ɳΪЦγϣĺڣ㵽Щʲô
סˡ
ȫû䵽زͱ˵Ĺ޳𣬽Թȴƫƫץסȳ
иǰޣ֪µ˰ͱȥ˱
Ͼ˵ð᰽֮ˣûʲôĻ϶ɱģȴƫƫȻ˻ġ
һʱ䣬ᰵĿ˺ɡ



1479 
~
һȴӵȴĴÿ˶
һ࣬˿ǹһ˿֮ɫȴֲ˵ʲô
һ׷ԲԵţӵ˳λϡ
ƽ̡˶վ
ƽ̿Լʾ¡
ټҵȣʲôҪ£ƽ̵
ԣ˵Ŀⶼϡ
ƽ̣Գĺĺǰ黹飬Ҫػ᰽ɡվһ˵˳ΪģҲټ顣
顣
ĺ
˶΢һЩˣƽ֮µλãһϵӡ
ĺֺӵ۾Ȼſ¶˷âѸȥ
ȺУһɴŮǻ㺰
ӺɴŮӣ˹עĿꡣ
ĺƽ΢Ц鸴ӣ廳ҲҪΣû뵽ôȥˣ֣˫֮һ
ȥȫǹϰ޵Ŀ⡣
ƽ̣һ²ĺǧǰ߻ħΪʲôк£Īðģǽ飬᰽֮һλվѯʵ
£˵ƽ̵ȷʵ᰽֮Ĭ˸ĺĺҲû߻ħұ£Һ˶ˣҲûһ
ڳУֻˣ֪ƽ̻˼
ͬ⡣
Ҳͬ⡣
᰽ɿǷǡ
λʸϵĳϷ׷ױ̬Ƕ˽ģȻãȻ
֪ûмˡƽ̳ĸˣӦûж֪᰽ɣ֮ɡ
֮
⻰һ˶ǴʧɫҲ޷
ôܣ˭вǣѵɣɡһλϱɫ
᰽УҲڼǿˣֻмвǡ
ɣһǿߡƽ̵û֪ǿʲôҲû֪Ů٣һгգǿߵˣˡ
ǧǰʮɱΪƽأоһң᰽ɻҪǿĶɡƽ¶ľɫЩΪλǿΪѰҵģǼ֮Ľ顣
ǿ߳Σûһʧܡ
ľǣÿһĨĿɺǿ߶һεĿһЩǿһ㣬ĿȥоͰɵǿߣǰЩڣȫǿĨȥ
һΣǿµĿ󣬱᰽ɡ
᰽ս飬ֻ֮Դ
˵ƽ̿ӣǣǰĺŽ˳ȥⱾ޿κεİ취Ϊ֮ǰҲ˳ԣȴãǿĨȥ
һΣȴɹˣǿûг֣ʧˣҲûгֹ
˵ĺ᰽ɶȹһ֣֮ǿǷ
ľĶǡ
û뵽ڽ绹飬᰽ɲһͱĨȻǷǧˣȻһľҲ֪ƽǣα򶨣û᰽ɳ
ȥôãǿӦòˣΪӦĺĺ˻ع顣һλʸĳϳ
˶Ƿ׷׵ͷ˽ĻǶĺ˸м֮顣
ĺԸģ᰽ôˣΪʲôùƫƫЦȴû˵ڡ

ͻȻڵһᰵڶʱֳߵĵλ
ϡ
Ŀȥ᰽ڣϵĵλƽ̣ƽ̣ͻΪʮطۣλǲͬ졣
Һ˻ع飬ûϵǣ֣йǿԽͣҺƣ˲ˣŹ棬ҲŹ᰽ɵϺڣ
ڣ΢΢ͷ
û͸øطûеĨɱǣѾǿĺˡϸ
ĺʹϵ겢˫ӣ֮ĹϵԲҺɻع顣жԵ֮£ҲһЩ²⡣
ᰣ֪ҺΪʲôҪƣƽͻȻʵ
ƽ̣ǳǲΪ֮ΪѣҪǡվ֮ǰȻǴˡ
ﵱ
ᰵڵգһӱ



1480 
˭ˣϲɷŹ֮ˣץס£һ㡣
һȨδΪʮط۵ĴһǶ᰽жȴûʲôĺˣأʿ֪
ׯģ㲻Ҫ̫֡ɴŮȻվ
һʱ˵Ŀⶼʹϡ
ĽϣûǴĻǧǰĺһˡһʱĽϺĺϵܣΪɾ£᰽ɵһŮ֮Զĺº󣬾ɴٲĿʾˡ
ɴŮӵĻһ˿Թ֮ɫ漴ͱȥ
һֱעŴϵᰣϵ仯۵ףԵ֮ԽԽ棬ǧǰȻݵλߣǶĽϺ˫֮ĸŵġ
ŭ尡ἤŭϣĴá΢΢ҡͷ
һ㶼ĺĺˡ
˵λȨأƽ̲һЩվһλʮط۵̫ϳϣȨ죬ҪϳҺ˵Ļ¾ƽ̶֣ѡò
Ͼĺ᰽ڣûʲôɽؼڣǵΪĴ᰽ɵŹ棬ʦ
ϧˡ
Щϧڷӡʮ̵ģҪϳ͵Ļ϶Ӳһ١
Ǵкθ߼ƽ̲ɫ
Ǵɡϱ۾˵

˶סˣ֮ǰĻǰΪϻϳͣû뵽ôһá
᰽ɵĺصأĥӵã˵У᰽ɵĴʦһϹżеõģء
Ǳ֮ذûΣգΣأһСпڣ᰽ɾвݺĵӣǰڴˡ
ǣΣҲζŴ
ڣԵõĹ伮ԵõϡϣԵõرȵȡ
ܶණ᰽ûеģ߼ʹ᰽ҲǼΪģһУ֮ͣ᰽ɵӵܴóϡ䱦񹦵伮׳᰽ɡ
˵᰽Ķʢǿ󣬺Ѳ˹ϵ
˽ǲǲףһλǴģ꿪һΣȻǿ֮գҲ쳣֣֮˳էҵĵǲ
᰽ڶͷģȻʺܸߣĴһŵ֮ͣɶ˻Ҫȥ
ңô˽Զڷ
Ȼ˱봳ڶʮĹأ򡭡ЦһĻȻû˵꣬Ҷס
ʮĹءЦҪء
ʮ㣬ԽԽΣգļԽ
óɼʮ㣬᰽ɵĴʦµģ֮ûܴʮ㣬ʮ㶼Ϊѡ
Ҫ˴ʮĹأǲܵ飬ǿΪ֮ɡ
Ҳ˵ʲô
ĪĽҴϵҪǶʮĹأȻѣҲһϣûС
ĺĹͣĺȷʵʸ˹࣬˲ɣôˡƽ̿ڵһ
˷׷׵ͷһš
ɴŮҪ磬ǹҲֻ̾һ

᰽ɣ塣
ڵ֮һˣͱᰰ
ڣ̫ٻ𾲾ĺڷϥǣǿ֮Ľɢݳ
ɡͻȻɫ΢̫ٻͬʱҲд˿
ĺһ㶣ϾͷӦ
Ϣˣ
ţոλᰳߵ˵ͷڷڱչҲûдš
᰽ĽǴ
ҵæǰ˵˳Ϊ˷ֹ꾡˵һ飬Ҳ͸¶ġ
оõźܡ
ĿṩУǵһѡ
᰽ܷ֮չĵزû֮ĹҲмĿлĻҴϸߵĲΣõ֮ڶĻǼġ
ңҲűĻõѡ
Ȼ֪ǵһѡ񣬵ûбϣ
Ϊ᰽ɵĺصأܹȥģ޲Ǳĺӵܡ
ٸߣ᰽ɣҲϵõһҪȰһοţ˶ʱ˷
û뵽û뵽۾΢
ѡңȻһ壬᰽ɶĺΣԼϵĵѣôһ÷ܲѵĽ



1481 ת
᰽ɸǣҪǴڶʮĲ㡭
ҡͷЦ
һ㶼ΪԼлᴳڶʮĲ㡣
͸¶ǵĺҲǴ˶ʮ㣬ĺǺε˫֮һݺᣬ᰽ɵʷ϶еġ
Щǲ̫࣬ҪʮĲĻޱã
򣬴
ʮĲ㣬λϾ˳Ĵˡ߳üչ
ǳĲ
ûʲôƣʵ
С֮ˡ̾˿ܽĻҲͲôˡ
һ·Ϸ̫̫
ǣȴ
˽ѾˣܻݼϾĺĺˡ
ݣҿ䣬Ҳǿ˷ֵĺԣ᰽ͶԷˡ
аңʱ䣬᰽ɻʵǵݣ˳ĬαװҲʵ
ɫ΢
ԭĴ㣬˼᰽ɺ᰽ɸ߲ĺΣһ֮ڶҪ󣬵ڣԲܴ֮ڶĲҴڶʮĲ㣬Ҳᱻϳͣǲ
һʱ䣬Ҳİ취

ա
˲ˣɽϵָָ㡣
ǣէ
ɶһ㶼ƽƴƴһƾʲôЩ޹ͣҲܵõ
ˣҲ
Щ˱ŭŵĿ⣬ձˣȺ߻ҪǿģƵ£ʵȴԶ
ǰһĻ۵ףȴɫֻҪЩ˲ֵ̫֣Ͳ档
Ǵ⣬˻ˮ
Ϣܿʹ᰽ɣ޵ģ˶ζ˻ʧȥ
ʧȥˣλķ
ǰŹɭϣ˶ˡ
ٺ٣£Ϊ֮£ϵˣǰ;ǰҡҡͷһ㶼Щˡ
ʲô
ͻȻһ洫ǳˡ
Χģ޲ĸӵܣӸµĺȳ⣬ʱȻŭȻǻعʱߵӲ˻ȥ
һɱСͷͷСϵҲôǿƫƫû˸ҵ
ϡɫһߣϷ˳ӭȥ
СӡͷԾطʵᰣûʲôɫʲôˣǶɢүҪĺĺˡ
Ϊ᰽ɵĸ߲㣬ҲԵõЦ
ͷĻȻһ
̫ϳҪˣ
д󺧡
ͷʵǿͷȴˣ᰽ɵ̫ϳϵͣҲλ̫ϳεˣʹƽ̣ҲҪӡ
᰽ɣλ̫ϳϣʮطۣҲ᰽ɵĶ롣
ǰû뵽ܼĺĺˣǺӣǿϧˡͷ̾Ϣ
ԭˣԭˡ᰻Ȼ
Ϊʲôϻȥȫ֮ǰǿӲ̬ȣԴϵĵλȫϳˣʹƽҲδػᷴԣûС
ˣ᰽ɲûпɽġ
ĺǹȥʽˣʹᰣĺļҲ࣬ǰߵʦС
ֻҪ֪ĺķ⣬ûʦС
֪Ϊλͣϡƽ̵ȴġ
ĺλ˫ӣֱλ̫ϳΪ״ӡ
ͷûãܳĺߵ˺󣬾뿪ˣˣǲ֮С
һȳ⣬˵ɢˣ÷в١
պ
˻壬ȥ֮ǰ࣬ʱЦ棬һֱڡ
ϢĬϢߵ
Ŷѵλ̫ϳԸǳ
ǡҡҡͷϸ˵̫ϳϺ֮䣬ѾûˣĵӣҲûг棬Ϊ˵ǻǱ봳Ҳ봳ڶʮĲ㣬ͬʱڵջҲС
Ĵãз̫ϳҲ˵
΢΢ͷ
֮ն
ĺĺ˵ڣҲ˼ʮˣ̫ϳ֮ûʲô֣̫ϳǰˣһЩգֹյĳ̶ȣȻ̫ߡ
ȻˣϢȵ
̫ϳȻûΪǳͷǵĿధ£ȴӦˣҴߴЦ
ʲôһȷʵһϢҲ֮õĺ¡
㲻ˣ˸ǵһڵãϽ᰽ɣǹ伮һҲҪԼôڸˣȻԸ᰽ɣܵõһֺôԺεĻЩôỹ㡣С

ǷǳˣΪ᰽׹ķͬ⡣
ȡģҲǼˣչ鲻ˣҲ᰽Σһİ˽̫ࡣ
áûԥ̵ͷӦ
ģ֮ڶ㣬ǰȤ
ҲûϵôʹĴӦˣҲǴϲ
ҵʣһһ㶼ʧ
ÿһжֻܽһֻҪ˴˹أҾܼ᰽ɣ̫ϳϵЩգᱻѹ̫Ҳлܱںϣ˷ѻĺá

ٶǡ
ڣһ³߳ݣ׵λãǴ˵صˣٶϯĹ
ʱһվǰ㱨ռϡ
ʢ֮󲻾ãʹ׸׻ϢĬйأټȫޣڶǣӦҵ֮ѡУ˻Ͷ飬ǰ᰽Ԯ
ӻķϾ˵
ӷڳľһֱ̤뽣磬־һ©
һԵٶɫ䣬ԭûôںŷϣȴһľ
ٶǵģһ˲õﰡ
֮Űйâһ
ٶһΪӿ˷츳˰֮ġ
ǺǣģȻʦҵȻᴦãٶӣҲǲӣù΢Ц
ţȱš
ĽȻ죬ɲԺҲˣ˷˼ĽȻˣȴҲ˾󲿷ֵǱˣĽỺ
ʷϣӲټ
ȥ᰽Ҫˡ赭дƺȥһǿҪˣûκεѶȡ
лʴˡٶϲ



1482 
峿۾һݺύȴûжκƻĽʱʧһա
ƿ˳ȥϣߵˡ
ϾĽϵ᰽ɵˣܲš
쿪ˣɡ
ᰳǰڵ
ˣûʽ᰽ɣҪȵĽ֮ʱᰵĹϽΧڣλ̫ϳϵԵʣᰶԴ˵̬ȺһЩⲻ˻ˮ˵Ҳǲ׽ǾԼְ
΢΢ͷ״̬Ѿѡ
Ĭ磬͡
ͣڶʮĲ㡣
Ƶ˷׷Ϊľǻȴ
Ц˵˵ͷᰡһ뿪壬᰽ȥ
ʵ֮ۡ
ڰ׽֯Ĺâӷиһ·ϣ۲᰽ɵķϵת·߳һƲʣһľһɽ壬󷨷󣬶ữɶ֮أΣ
ᰵĴ£᰽ɣģ˺صء
ͬеҲԽԽ࣬һĿġ
ˣ˶ָָ㣬е˺棬е⣬Ҳе޶á
һɽ֮䣬Χޱ޼ʵ˸оɾһ㡣
᰽ɵĺصأ֮
ʱ᰽ɵˣǽѾԲҪҴôᰶ
ͺ߶ǵ˵ͷ
ǾĿ֮Խ룬ǲĴ֮߾Խģͬð㿴͸
ʵ֮۶͸΢ݣȻ᰽ɵĴʦģͬСɡ
Χࡣ
֮ˣһɽϣŮŷڵɽĿ䡣
ҿҲôһͷƲƲ죬ЦԽԽˣôһһ⽣󣬼ֱǶۡ
ּһ˵ǵڶʮĲˣʮ㶼ȥװ˷һˡ
˵ţƷ깧άĿˣεÿʦ֣ʦǣ᰽ɵһţЩ֪ðļһܱȵġ
Ǻǣ˻еʵġΪʦֵӳһͷƮݳ˵ǵĵʦܲʹ죬Ļһ
Ůʦ
ǶǴϵĵӣҲ֪Щ˵ĵôﲻΪӣȻҪΪʦ˳⡣
ܷɽ⣬ֳ˼ǿʵ츳Ҳ˷
üͷ΢壬ע⵽˳Ŀ⡣
˶Ǵϵĵӣһĵһ͵ţʱ㲻ᰵ͸¶һЩС鱨
ЦЦûзϣǺ硣
̶ͨһ˵£ʱҲˣڣһˣÿһٶˣ淢Ҳ޴֪˭Ҳ˵׼֮£֮֡
᰽ɵˣûн飬ױԡ
ԭҪʮĲͼΪˣټ˵ĵӣϼѡ
Ǽϵĵ⣬ע⵽һ˶⣬Ŀɨɱ֡
ʦܡᰵһ䡣
ծ಻ѹ⡣
ƽˡ
һƿʻ˽ŵģ᰽ɵĸ߲ʻڵɽʱȻͣס
΢΢۾Ĵϣ۾һɲΧ˶Ǳ·𱻴ųȥһһľһɽһƣƺԻΪָԼâ¶
۷塣һݡ
˵׼һ棬㣿ϵĿڷͣͣ˺ߡ
ǡ亹ΨҪͷԷҪ֦
ȻˣҪȻͬЩ⣬ټһ봳ʮ˲㡣ϵ
ʲôߵɴ۾ŵĻɢ
ʮ˲㣿
ʲôЦĺҲŴʮ㣬ȻԷģܷ񴳵ʮ㣬Ҳûʲô˵ʮ˲ˣ
һ·ϵı֣ȻǷ˼ֶ״̬󣬲Ϊ̬
źʧǵ飬һ˿⡣
ĺѹµʧ䣬ʡһЩҺ˺úõᡣ
ǡſ׼Ȼȴֹ
ʮ˲Ͷʮ˲㡣
ã˾η΢΢һЦг
Χ˶ҡҡͷۺͳŪûΪܴʮ˲㣬ǲܵ顣
֪ηһλ̾Ϣ
ƽûгĬ˴ʱıҪ
״߳˰̾Ҳû취ˣεĽʵ
Ҳû취ģϾˣһİ˽ѾеˣһЩҲ
˵ƽˣλ̫ϳҲΪ˵ߺͷûаڵġ
ʮ˲㣬Ǹ׳վȻ״Ӧ֪֪ʮ˲ʲôϵĵ֮һƷ̲סЦ
ûѡ񡣡ʦֵǶһˡ
᰽ɵ˵һСһķӣ˶ѣܿ죬û߿һۡ
࣬Ҫˡ
߲ĴζĿĻĺ߶ǿ˾֮
һӴĺӰƿֳ



1483 

˵Ŀ⣬ֵȻҲ⡣
һ޴ޱȵĹϸʮ㣬ű¸ʴĺۼΪٵĲ֮
ȻĿ⣬Լ˴Ŀĵģϵһۡ
ʼһֱᴩ˴һ֣㽫һΪǿҸо
صĽ̺ڽڣȴûɢݳĿȥĻȴܸо̺֮£ͬبŲɢ
૵
治֪ǲ㽫һΪĽۣһλǿܽصĸ˳ӣλǿߵǿԶ
Ȼ͸
ڰ׽֯ĹâڷϣͿ͸
¡¡
޴ĺУµĴŻһɲǣƺǿһոµ㣬Ӵ󿪵ɳһƣƮΧɽ壬оһɵ˷ڵɽǰ
̤ƣ֮ܽ⣬ûб롣
ÿһ׼һˡ
һԵĺߵ˵ͷһ̤ȵڰϣҲûͣ٣ʼƮȥ
İϣҲվˣû˸Ρ
ʹôԷؽҲңǶԶƽ̡ϵ˲
ԸоŲϿΧľﻺȥû谵ֻƵԽԽԽԽ·ǳء
ûãһٶȫƮߵĴҲǻָں⡣
һϣһõƶ両Ůɢ鲼Χһٶ䣬ζһ˶ɹ
ÿһƶ䣬Ӧеһˡ
м˽룬һϣͻӦı仯֪ж˵˵ڼ㣬һĿȻ
Ǻǣǵıˡ
ƽ΢Цǵȴˡ
Ĵع̣ʱվãһΣǴʦ£ʱ㲻ʲôʹǺҲ⡣
Ǳߣ᰽ѾˣҲǴк¡
ţ
۾ĿᰣͻȻһ𣬽ţ¶֮ɫ
ǰɽ
ŸոսӵϢᰳһ亹ҵæƽ̵ڵɽ塣
ʲô죿
ᰵĻƽ̺ʹϵˣʧɫо֮ɫ
ǿھ֮ϵɡ
ȻʥΪϣ񽣽ڶʢʱڡµһλҲһɸҵġ
ؽһԹҲ˲ʥ
ԽԶʥ¾Խ͵ЩϵɣʥûҲ֪ӰȴҲ
ÿһλʥڳɾʥĶʢʱڣ޲ͳ£ִһţ
ʹͳΪʥˣҲԸ붦ʢʱʥ档
ЩʥͳµʱڣҲ˷ָı׼ҪΪʥѶȼʥǼٵģ϶һλʥִһȨһʱֻмٵŻ˫Եʢ
֪ˣǼƽ̺ʹ϶һۣߣȥӭӡ
ģһλطʣ˲ûо̫ϳϵ˼ϾĻϣִ᰽ɵǡ
ɽ⡣
һϣӵƽš
ٺ٣֪Щ˿ʱʲô顣ٶ°⣬ŷ˵ľݡ
Դīɽׯȴһ˶չزҲǵƿء
Ҫ֣īɽׯҾܾ̲ҵļƻˣ촦á
ûãƽ̵ӭ˳˫ݺ
ΪҪ˵ġӵûڣֱ˵ԼĿģ᰽ҲûǵӰӡ
Ҫˣƽ̵ôһ¡
Ȼ᰽ȥʵ˵ݣǵǵʱīɽׯķ֮Χ⣬ʱţȥҴңȴûдٶǵĳͻ
ٶǵĳʱٶվ˳ľ˵һ飬Ȼǽ׼񣬶ٶǵĹȴŹ
û뵽¡ƽ̵˴һ
ȥ˴ɫ
ӦȥȵһͷˮĺߺƵ˱ʱߵȻʶ˭Ⱥٶ°һ⣬ôһ¡
ˡ
˵ʵٶͻ󣬺߾Ԥϵһĵչ黹һ˿ңֻҪ첻Ϊٶǳͷûκ⡣
ǺȻˡ
ķǺߣҲԤϣҲ˴İ취˺ڻ֮󣬺ܿ侲
Ȼ°ٶȴûĺߵһۡ
ĿȺ˺ü飬ȴûҵĿ꣬°ŭ㣺ǣǸгĬ飬
᰽ɣҪӳĬ𣿡
ɫҲ



1484 ᰽ɵ
һ᰽ɵ˶ͷһ
λʲĴҲδش־᰽ɻǷǳ¡
ԷҪ᰽ɵҪĵӣǿ϶׽ģΪ˷İˣ᰽ȴǺԥҲΪ˷ŭλʡ
λ֪ƽ̳ǰãǳĬ᰽ɵĺصأʱȴ޷뽻Ҳ첻
һɺԻ
ǹȥһ˵
᰽ɵŭɫȴûоܾϾȥ֮㲻ʲô¡
һ˺֮ܿ
ĲƸȻ֮ɫһǰȥȻԽӽܵԽ󣬵ȵٽ֮ʱԴ
ȥץסˡ
ȻˣǾ͵Ȱɡƽ֪£ͻнҲƽ
ţ᰽ɲѣôҲν
ǡĿһԵսľˣΪעڷϣȴû˹עǣҲû˰ʵ΢Ƿ
ԩǳĬǵĻ޹ء߲жԷ˵һԲ
ͺ˰취
ǾǣһйƵϡ
ʵҲˡ
ٶǣֵҪǷ°޵ҲҽǸ
ڽһͣһҪ˫ĺ죬ҲǹӲ֮ˡ
˵ʵ취Ƿģʱ߾ĿɿڴΪ˵̽
Ȼȷϣ˵ʵ󣬶ʱԷм㡣
ȻǿСҲǲòӲͷƤİѹƸ
λҲǱˣ֪ɷ᰽ɵϣһƽ̿ڵΪ顣
뷽Ȼͬն
ƽҲӺ߿˽⵽龭ȻҵĹҲ⿪ڣϣ᰽ڲҪһµģʹǴϣҲվԡ
ӳ˻ᡣ
Ҳ֪龭ٶǲ
ƿٶǵķϵڽ췭ظǷ˽ǸţٶĴָ࣬١
ʱһ°ϵģҲǷ
׷ɱ֮ʱɱīɽׯٶǿߵģǷ
ٶǵˣҲǶԷ֮ǣǨŭ
ǳĬǰǲ뿪ӵ
߶ʱ˿֪ʱӹһ١
Ǻǣδܻųʱ᰽һλЦ
ϡƽüͷһ塣
˵ʵᰵᰵĹϵΣգԽԽǳĬҪʮ˲㡭Ǻǣ죬ֱ棬ʮ㶼
᰽ɵ˶ü
棬º֤ȥЩ˻ˣʬδػưոݡ
ôɵѴٶȵ
Ȼѣ᰽ɵĴʦŴʮ㣬Ϊʮط۵ǿߣҲŴʮ㣬ǳĬ֪ȤҲͰˣ֪ߵغ봳ʮ˲Ļɡ
֮УǰҪ˵ΪЩΪȻ
δء
֪ǳĬĳɳ켣ĻͲôˡ
⻰һ˶˺ģԷ˽ʵ̫٣ɵ԰ʶҲûѷɶ
Ĭǽ֮ˣǰ뽣磬ʵطƳɫ᰽һۣƵǣʱ䣬۽ģɹ˳˵ʱĳ쳣ˡ
뽣ĵһطǣǡ˵ʢᣬȻûȥ׸ռĬƳйؿʵֱưط
ʧٳʱҵĶˣʵٶ˷ԾȷڣȼҵĶ飬ǰ᰽;УǾ׷ɱߣͻͽһ۷塣
ڻΪ޷ʲôų
ζĿˡ
һ䷴ʣ˻ش
᰽ɵˣȫ𺳵˼㣬ߵ˶Ŀɿڴ
˶һ񻰵ĸо
⡭⻹𣿡һλ૵
ʱط۷壬;ʵǼûΰɡ
˵Ĳӣ᰽ɵ˿µһʱͻȳΪ˵˵
޷޷󰡡
˶ϧ־̾
ſڽ࣬ȴһ仰˵
˾׵ĳɳ̣ʦμ穣˫ˣʱ˭˵һʮ˲㣿
ʷϣȷʵһЩڼʱͻͽˣ޷漣漣ظĽͻỺ
ӿһۣ΢΢ͷ
;ΪܣȻ亱ȴҲûй
᰽ɵ΢񣬾дϵĻڣʱȴҲû˸С
˵Ŀ⣬Լͬϡ
һٶƲڣҲǸнƶ䣬ȻѾ˵㡣



1485 

֪ѾȥͶ
ͼ˾񣬰עǰ
ĹһˣȻȽȥ󣬷Χȴһ˶ûУǰģǹޱߵƺ
ڲĻÿһ㶼ޱƺǰʮġ
ǰʮ㣬غκνҲˣʮ㣬Ҫ鴳ߵʵ츳Ψдʮ㣬߱ʸ񣬱Ͽɡ
ǰʮ㣬ÿһ㶼һֻػޣΨҵ֮ɱܿһ㡣
źṩϣߴλ̫ϳõ˹ϣ÷һĨڡ
ȣҪҵػޣȻɱ
ĿƶѰƺ֮еػޡ
ʵ֮ȻòˣҪҵػޣҲһź͹ɣֻҪ۲ƺУǲͣƲ仯ܰͼҵػ޵Ĵڡ
ûãĲ·Ʋ㿪ʼһȥ
ΪޣֻĹ۲£ܷ֡
ÿˣػʵҲͬݽߵľ磬Ӧػޡ૵
ػ޵ʵǹ̶ģǺʣԽǿԽܴ߲㡣
ʵȻˡ
ܴߣһ˵츳ǱأһԣܴԽߵˣĳɾҲԽߡ
᰽ɵĴҲͰˣĺǧǰʵҲǿȥôܴʮ㣬᰽ɵĴʦܴһɵ츳ȻȥܴʮҲ֡

Ŀ΢ܿжϳػ޵λãǸٷȥ
~
Ӧĵƺ˰ҷڣһֻӴľޣ
ػޡ
֪ñܷ¶˼֮ɫ
ﲻ磬᰽Ҳ޷֪淢£˷޹˼ɣչֳǿʵѹƵķδܴ̫ߡ
뵽ûʹ̫ٻ𣬶һָʱһػϡ
ֻӴľޱӲĺƺȻŭķʱȴûа˺ۡ
ûá˼󣬷üͷ΢壬ֻػ޵ǿֻзڵʵԷĹ˲ܽɱʵȴǣûܵκ˺
ֻý޵ˡ΢΢ҡͷ̫ٻֳ
~
һųػ޷ֳ룬䵱
ػ·ƺұӿγһݣͨա
߲ͨˣȻѡ˳ĻֻҪԾƺͻ棬֮á
ľϣһʵǣΧһУ·ƺѸȥȷ̤һʱȻǳĵڶ㣬ͬһƬƺ
һ㣬ڶ㣬㡭
ûлѶʱ䣬׾ͨһ㡣
ػ޵ʵҲӵһķڲǿڷǰȻǲ˺Զױ
ûп׷ٶȣĴٶȣ̫࣬᰽ɵҲɫжػ޵λʱ죬Ҳǹ¡
⡣
Ҳע˴
ƽ̵οǣĿǰΪֹûߴ
ͨԣһУжʮͨǰʮ㣬ʸ񣬾ͺܲˡƽ̳
Ȼÿһεһˣɲ˶ܴǰʮ㡣
˲ŵʱͨʮģ˰ˡ
֪ǳĬ
˵ĿⶼļƲϣǲ֪һƲʴŷֻܲ²⣬ǰļУӦþһ
һ
˴ǰʮˡ
ǰһƲͻȻһڵʮһ㣬᰽ɵ˶Ǿ΢
ǳĬһλϵ
Ȼ̫ԸʱĵҲͬҪ᰽ɵŲ١
ӣǿ˵ʮһƲһۡ
°ҧгݡ
߲㡣
һɱ˵ػޣ̤ݣ˵߲㡣
ǰ󣬷ᳵ·ȷػ޵ķλȻڷ׼ȥҺߵ鷳ʱͻȻ䣬һ
ǡ
ĵ߲㣬ٹޱ޼ʵƺһ޴Ľۣ˺룬ңԶƶˣ϶˾ͷ
㽫һΪĽۡͷһ
ˣһۣᴩ˴ն˵߲ʱ
µĽۣƻתڲ
ֻҪȥɱػ޺Ȼܽһ㣬Ӱ촳ء
᰽ɵţȴڵ߲㣬Ӵˣ²᰽ɾͽֹκ˿
תûȥػޣǳǵ۵ķȥ



1486 
ٶȼ죬ȻƺҲޱ޼ʣûãͷɵǵ˺յĽǰ
Ҳ״̬Щ֡
ƬƺڣԿȴ޷˼
ںܶǰǵȷʵĴУ㽫һΪʱУͽ˭Ҳκβ˭˴˾ڣγĹ̬
ȥĿģ㱻նϣȴӰڲתͬģ̺بŲĿֲ⣬Ҳġ
ֹĹ̬ô˿̵ƺ»鲼
Ǻ
ŽߣȴõĽۣв²֮˵ʵӦòʮطۡ
ûдﵽһĳ̶ȣͲö֪ˡ
һصľһҪﵽһľ磬Ҫʮطֻۣʮطеļǿߣΰһʮط۵Ľޣ˵ġ
Կܷá
˼ת
֮Ի۸Ȥȡ֮ڶ㶼һԣΪпܶԼа
ɿõĻ̺̫ٻ
ۿ֮һ㣬÷ȷ֮ЩѾ֮ƣͲжˡ
ҪδɣҪ̫֮ٻ죬ͬҪˣĿǰΪֹǽ̫֮ٻڣĵһ߻ܹģҲΪǳڣܷӳŻܵơ
̫ٻıʾͻ࣬Ҳ̶ܸȵͷŷ
ͬʱ󣬷ʵҲģɹȹת
Ƶ֮УҪԽ꣬壬߱޵˫ɱ֮ʱҲʧĵرıʣΪߵĵر૵
ɱĵرĳɳռ䣬ֱĩˡ
Ҫһ㣬ҲףΪ޷ұ˵ĻٷְٻöԷĵرıʣҪѰһʵѡѡ
ұ뷨תս£ӭǿ콾սдսɱΪ֮󣬽һ֮ʱδ֮ǰǷǳΣյģǳױ¶
ڵһܺõĻᣬǰ
¶ϲ֮ɫȻһеǰỹڣ̺֮ܳܽ޴˵
Ϊ޷жϣ̺ĽǿȣҲǲҵ˷׼ȷʹжϳҲᱻɱ
һк󣬷СŽնһ
Ȼ޷繥ʱΡȻ᰽ɵţ
ȻϣһնǰʱӦ㣬ǵи˿ֲ׵ţһɫ汬ն˷
ɫٶȿ쵽˼㣬˾ǣķйУ޾ΧԴԴϵעУ˵ճʱɫ⻹̫£ǵն˷ǰʱȴǿƥƺڻɫɪɪƺҪ鿪
ΪУ˷λã޴ӡ
һɱطʵǿߡ
ն
ɫ䣬ǿ̫ٻҫޱȵĹ棬ͬպƣɫײһ
~
նѵصĻɫ⣬̫ٻݺײһǱѩڣѸ
ãǷʳڵĳ̶ȡ˿
µģǽµĽ⣬ԭǿ־ʮط۵ĳ̶ȣѹκʮط֮ˣԻɫŻһ֣ɱκξطʵĸо
ʵϣȴˡ
ǵɫܣǷʳڣȻǿʹ£ȴҲƥǱķʳڣ˲䱻նɱĽ
ԷʵȻǲ壬òء
ңǽ۵ĵײշƲ⣬һǴն䣬Ĳ̺˽ǿ߲㣬ȴǿ֮ĩǿȥ
Ҳǲ²ˣʵȻʮطۣӦûͣһصĳ̶ȣûһ磬ͬһأԶǾطܱȵˡ
ˣԷʵӦҲ᰽κһ֮ϣλʦ
᰽ɵ˵ޣܴ򵽵ĺ٣뼦ɣ˵ȴ޼֮ɸп
ȷý̺󣬷ûе飬ϸж
Ŀ꣬Ҳȷ̫ٻ
ͺ̫ٻʹνҲǷǿĵرڽ磬ȴһζûù
ûн̬ױ¶⣬ҲΪĵȽʵ̫ߣڵģ÷ܶõ٣Զ̫ٻ
ʱѡҲ̫ٻӺ
ʼɡ
֮ʼϼе̫ٻ
Щɫ̫ٻϣʱų˼ҵĻǣһѾ޴ݺݵײ̫ٻһ̫ٻ˳ȡ֮ʱţڻɫĴ£̫ٻ֮꿪ʼںϣǧʹ̫ٻıʿʼı䡣
߲㣬һʮ졣
ʮûȥػ޵鷳ȴ˫ల¡
һԣػȷʵֻдȥػ޵鷳ȴػ޹ߡ
¶⡣
ǰʮĴأûʱ޵ģĳһƺͻԴΪģʼѹĿռ䣬ȵʮƺͻ£ʱӲȥĻͻ䵱
һʼػ޺ͷԶȻ鷳ƺ߲Ͽ
Ƚӽһ󣬴ػ޵Ļƣͻ𹥻
ȻеķΪ˶Կɫ⣬ӿӴȴػ޷ڷҲɢӰ첻˷ֺ
ףôڵ߲㣿⣬һλüüͷ
ʱ
ģҪô͵˰˾Ų㣬Ҫôǰʮ㣬ʸֻ֪˳ʵõ桭
ŵУ߲λǳɼһ
ʮˣȥĻüϲɵȻ˿ǣΪԷ֮ʱŴߵƲ͵һӵ߲ʧ
ãá
üЦЦתȥעˡ
оƺ˼ޣȻ۾е̫ٻ𻮳ʱػɱ̤ݽ˵ڰ˲㡣
ҲǻüϹ۲쵽
˭뵽ǼΪעķ֪䵽дߵһ
ûмͻƣڴٶȣ˵ǿпޡ
Ҫѭ򽥽տʼ߲ĻɫոպãϾͽڰ˲ĻĽ̺Ȼᳬ߲㲻٣̫ٻĻΪ̫ɵҲǿЧʷ½
ʮĻ壬߲Ĵ̫ٻȴһĸٳܵڰ˲Ĵˮˡ



1487 ʮһ
ף
üͻȻһڰ˲㡣
ôҽڰ˲㣿üϴһǶƲʴӵ߲ʧͲٹעΪԷ
Ͼ߲㶼ǲһ棬ʵȵ߲ѵĵڰ˲㣬
ǶԷƫƫУ˵ڰ˲㡣
ҡҡͷü˻̣ȹ죬żٿ˵ڰ˲һۣ˻ڵڰ˲ʱüĳԾˡ
ڰ˲Ҫȵ߲ѵö࣬һʼȥػ޵鷳дϢĻᣬΪԷһڰ˲ͻǰ漸û泤ڶȥ죬ƺĳ̶ʹػ޶ˣн֮ʵԷˣĿб֮˻ĺúõġ
ȻĵǲôãüϻǶ˵ġ
ȵ˵ʮ죬ٴȥֶԷȻţڰ˲Ҳֻʣһˣе𾪵ʱǶƲһӵڰ˲ʧ
һΣüûзģҲϵΪԷһ뿪ʶ˵ھŲ㣬ȻϣԷû뿪ǽ˵ھŲ㡣
һüˣע˴ϡ
ǹʮ졣
˵ʮ㣬û˳
ô£
üãȻˡ
벻ףôһ£ʮŴһߵʵǿﵽ˹صı׼
ǣÿһ㶼ˣԵѰˡ
ĸоǴʮо˵һԴؿģٶȣ𾪡
᰽ɣѵ񣿴δ˷֣
ɳҲûгֹ
üĪԼķֻ㱨ƽ̵ˣʧǣȴûӡ
ʱƽ̵˵עڳǰļϣǻɣһǷĻȥˡ
±ٲ˼飬Ҳ޷ĨɷʵȻֵӡ
ڼ䣬Ҳд˳ˣƽ̵˽ȥʻѯȴûһ˼޷ƲƲ˭Ƿ
˭Ҳûϵûǰʮ㣬Ȼˡ

ʮ㡣
ˡ
ֹͣ˴̫ٻΪŴʱ̫ٻһǰȣȻϸ΢ĸı䣬͸˽ɫ󣬼ʹ߶ܸоһɷâӭ
ǰûеģ̫ٻ֮ںϵס
ȻһµĴɹ
ĵرսȲͬʺʹ֮Ҳ쳣ļѣҪӵķâҪʧĵرıʣ֮ʱҪƿغƽ⣬Ҫʹ֮ʺԼ
ҪɹҪϵĽ΢ʱ;ҲǼǧҲΪ
һ£ǿʼ
ļÿһֻҪޣȥ
ȥʮһˡ
۸Ϲػޣе̫ٻ𻮹͸˫âػ޺ƺһֳ룬ɢ
˿ô׸ɵʮػ޵Ļ»Ծ˵
ػ޿ûô򵥣ԽɵԻԽԽǿҲ˵ѽɱ
ǵʮػޣƺвҪնɱʮβܳɹ
ʮػ޾͹ǿˣټһԣô߲ò˷Ѵʱ䣬ܴǰʮ˲ô١
ڣڷǰʮػȴǱһֳ룬ĻᶼûС
˵ʵػ̫ࡣ

ʮһ㡣
ڷǰģٲޱ޼ʵƺһĹ㳡
ˡ
㳡Уȵ̧ͷ˽ʮһķ
ǰʮ󣬾ӵʸҲп档

ȵˣһһȺվ
һΪ˭ԭɫг˲мɷҲҪǿڲŵʮһ㣬»Լѡɡ
ַ˷ѡ
ŶǸʦ˰һ΢ЦҡҡͷʵҲûʲôֵģðһˣܰǱȥĻҲ̫Цˣ㿴Сӣһʱͨǰʮ㣬ɼ츳ǱǺε֮ǻɣôƳ⽣ģ
϶Ͷȡɣʲô¡Ӳм䡣
˵ʵͨǰʮ㣬Ҹе⣬ҲãȻû棬·ɡ
ǿҵɱ֮Է¶ɱ֮ˡ
˿ŷĿ⣬ǿһ㡣
˵֮ǰǶԷЩɵĻôھ͸ûˡ
ĿȷԽ츳ǱԽ᰽ɵĹʶϷҲ󣬿϶жǿ
սûۼ֤û֣ȻȻΪżˮ֣ʲôر֮Ƕ󷨼ΪϤŽʵ
˵ˣ

ʮһûпһֻۣǴŹ㳡ĲãѰŽ۵λãʱۿ
ʲôҪ˵ӰȻ
˵ˣ·˵һͨ¡

˲Ȼɫ䣬Ȼŭ׼ʱǿеĳңңն䡣
ɲǼ䣬޾Ĺ˹㳡Ҳ˵۽硣
طʡԺлصͷû˿ķأ˲ͱն
ûٿһۣߵ˵ʮһĽ£ʼ̫ٻ



1488 ˭ǳĬ
ʮ
㳡ϣݺᣬڷɣԷΪģչֳһ澰
˾˭ܿûмŴҪÿһĽЧ⣬Ҳǲϣ˿̫ٻĹ̡
˼ʹ֣ϻɱ
һĲˡ۾ټ̼ۡ
ֹͣ˴̫ٻ𽥻ָƽȻϳֳķâȴǳ˺һʧɫԽԽ£
ҪȥĻҲԣʮһĽۣܴһЧŻ΢΢ûǸҪˣ̫ٻʱĴ̶ȣܳʮĽ۴
ǰʮ㲻ͬʮһ㿪ʼû޶ʱˣһֱ
֮ǰҲˣǱȷ絽ܾãȴû뿪ʮһ㡣
Ŀʱ޵ģԶȥ
һڵ˶ᱻͳȥأʮ㣬ȻϣЧ󻯣Ҳǹ滮ʱ䣬Ľʱ仨ĳһ㡣
ʮһ㣬ʮʱ㹻ˡ
վĿĹˣкṩϣܿҵͨһĵ·һڰ㳡ıԵ
㳡ıԵһƬڰգȴһ·ںڰ֮УͨңԶ֪·ľͷһڡ
㳡ǰȫܴǰʮ㣬ĴߣѡأҲѡȵһ󱻴ͳȥϾȡʸˣҲǱˣѡ
ûԥһ̤˹·ϣҲ̸оԼû취ٻصȫİ㳡ˡ
·һ߳û·Ҫô;УҪôɹȥһ㡣
ó
̤ڹ·һ̣͸о౶˷Ҳճ㼷ѹ·Ҫˡ
⻹ֹ
ɳɳɳ~
µĹ·Ӱ㳡һ𣬿ʼ΢ʧŷӹ
һµĹ·Ȼ׹ڰգǺ֪Բ
ûҵ飬ǰȥȻܵȴ˲谭ǰһ·ȴѸٱ˷¡
ҿ
ɫһ̫ٻУǰݺն
ڰ͵س޾Ľ˽ܵ͵÷һᣬæǰԶڱĹ·
~
̫ٻӶննһͨ;
չʮһĹؿԷ˵в󣬺ܿ죬ͽһԶԶ˦˺棬ߵ˹·ľͷ̤Žݽʮ㡣
ʮпһˡ
Ҳ⣬ʮĽ۴ʮжϳЧൽ˼ޣͣĴصʮ㡣
ʮĹؿʮһͬС죬ѶȴǴϲ٣ԷǺв
ֵһǣÿһ˳󣬶һĻڷǰгصĳɼԼȡĻ֣Ǵǰʮ㣬õʸˣеĴ
ݻֿԷֳ֣һǹеģֻҪɹؾУһǸģӴߵıֶ
ĴسɼȻɫһУɴ˻õĻҲǼߣҲɨһۡ
Ļϣһ嵥еԷĻ֣һĶ񽣵ȵȣһ㡣
Ҫ֮ڶ㣬ȴʼûг֣ǷĻֲ㡣
ЩֿۻĶ⣬ȻѡһȥοڵģҲڴ̫ٻϡ
ʮ㣬ʮĲ㣬ʮ㡭
ԼΪٶȣƽţһֱʮ߲㣬ûϱˡ
ҲǺġ
صٶȺ˵ĺ棬ܴǰʮģֻжʮˣЩҪôߵĵطҪôǴĳһؿѡ뿪ҪˣҲûôס
⡣
ȥµʱ䡣
ˣָ
Ǳʱ᰽ɵĸ߲㲻һֱȥԼȥˣ˲ߣȻߣᰵ뿪άɵת⣬Ȼ档
ˡƽ̿滹ŵƲʽʣ䡣
ĸˡϵ
ֻеһƲʶȻϨ𣬾΢ʱһӰ⡣
ϲȻǳŵǿߣʱһжãȻ
Ϻȵ˺˹ѯڵ
ǳĬҲûмĬ
᰽ɵĸ߲㣬ӶǴ󲻽⣬Ūô¡
ѵǳĬᱻ˸ϣüͷǲΪ
ǣʱڽʣˣǰˣȻǻһ
ɳϡ
ӵƶϣȻԶ᰽ɵˣӦһȲŶԣܻᱻ׷ϡ
һǳĬжɻ
ǰˣһֱңңȣû棬ûһʹû֪ǵݡ
ǸˣǸˡü𺳣еԽԽ٣ҲԽĹעһƲʣߵĴٶ𺳣ÿһ㶼ͣʮ죬Ϊ߲㶼ǧളȥˣһ·ֱϣȻߵ˲ŵĸ߶ȡ
Ȼʱ򲻽ǻüϣ᰽ɸ߲㣬Ҳעһˡ
ΪһǷģȴһûС
ֹһ¡
룬𰸺ܿͻˡͻȻ˵ǰڵڶʮ㣬Ѿͣ˺ܳʱ䡣
Ҳ֤ʮǵļˡ
ҪǣǸһˣʮһٶȣıƽʱҲӽ˵ڶʮ㡣
ֻҪ˳Ǿ֪˭ǳĬ



1489
ڶʮ㡣
һľͷվǰһ޴ĹĻ飬һƷ
ֻҪԸ⣬ܶһеκһȡ
û֮ĵڶ㡣ĿӹĻɨûпҪ淨
Ȼûеڶ֮淨ȴǳţ֮ڣһ⣬ǵһ㡣
淨ܹҲֻ㣬ÿһļֵԶ
Ȼռ˰淨÷ЩԾ˵̺ǳ᰽ɵķ룬ѹ᰽𣬳ΪһĴ𵽵ã˵Ҫ
淨ǵļ򵥽ܣǶʺϴĽ޵ģԷ˵ȴûʲôֵ˷Ҳûѡһ
淨ڶ̫ˣʹɣҲ֮ǺĴУҪõǵĻҪϵ߲㡣૵
ĵ̣ж
ڶ淨Ľģʮ㣬ڽǶʮˣڶһбҲǺ顣
Ŀģ̫ٻ𣬶һ֮ڶ㣬ȱһɡ
᰽ɵʦ˵ʮ㣬ܴʮĻһҲܵõ֮ڶ㡣侲Ѱ˼
ǰ
̤ݣ˵ڶʮ㣬ֵĵطȻһ㳡
ʮһ㿪ʼÿһİȫǰ㳡ˡ
Ŀڰ㳡һɨ¶ζ֮ɫ
ϱˡ
һ·ʮһ㣬ûˣ֪ԼصٶȼҲ֣˵ĻҲǲ⣬᰽ɻõóֵ˵ġ
ƽȵʮˣȴȻŷһ֮
û뵽ܴʮ㡣
ʲôЦ
ʮ㰡
᰽ôܴĶĹÿһһٮٮߣǿߡ
ҲǴҪûΪԭ
㣬ô㡣Ҳϳ˷
ߵǰ
ˣе죬᰽ɴϵĵӣ᰽һһ͵һˣȴʶ

ʲô
˶Ŀɿڴǻ𾪷ܴʮ㣬ȴû뵽ôһ仰
Ԫº࣬ζըˡ
ÿСӣΪԼܴʮͺ˲𣿡ԪЦŷڿһ
ܺãԭڿϧû㣬ûֽΪʦû뵽׳վȻǵͷϾͻ֪ôдġ
Ԫ¿Цû˵ĿȴǱ䵽˼㡣
ϵɱ⣬ʵʡ
ʹ鷳ҲŹˡ
ΣΣǱȽ侲ȻҲΪвˣ뷽ԩ޳𣬶ԷܴʮǼ֮ûбҪĻѡ뷽ͻ
ܼ򵥣أɹѡ뿪߽һ㣬
⻰һɫҲѿ˼֡
ڶʮûмǰǰղ
ʦܣ׳տԴ󣬸˵ʲôϻĬǰɣأأԪЦѧŷĻ
ɵ
˶Ҵ⣬ܴʵҲ᰽սˮ֡
ԪºҲߣ˶Ƿ۷壬޽ӽطʣҲģֻҪǾط٣¶Ǳɡ
ԥ£һɣһ
Ԫºද֮ʣ㳡Ȼһ̫ҫ˺֣޾Ĺ̺޼᲻ݵĽƺƵϯء
ֲֿ׵̫ǰѸţԪºĹƲֹ˶˽ȥ
ҽûУԪºֱӻҷ
âִ̫ٻӰֳȴͬħ¡
ţоǾɫ
طʣطʡзźţû뵽Ȼһطʣ׾پɱԪºࡣ
ʱޱȵңԼԥһᣬԼͷҲû
򣬸ղ̫ҲȦ빥ΧĻԼԲֻһҷ˿һ㡣
ѡ񴳹أȥءĿæΨַı⣬̷㳡ıԵ
ڶʮİ㳡ȴںڰգλޱ߻֮С
˻еСҲջĿ⣬ĴֻˣԷǲӰڶʮ̫ٻˡ
Խ󣬴ѶԽ󣬷ʵκԹۣǽޡ
ʳڡ
Ħе̫ٻ𣬷¶һ˿Цݡ
չֳǿʵ
һٶĴ̫ٻıʻŸı䣬ӽı仯ʹӵɣӦģ÷ǿʵ
ټϣ̫ٻĴʵĸı䣬Ҳʹͬ£
ؼ÷չֳԽ˾طһ㣬ĪĽ
Ƕʮ㣬ܴߵĵط̫ٻĸǿչֳʵҲܸǿЩڴ
չֳԽǿĴҲԽȫԷڽж档
ԽĲΣ˴˼ĲԽҲԽԿԽ֪ʱչֵʵܷ񵽴ڡ
ҡҡͷ׿˼ߵ˽£ʼһĴ
ڷʼصʱ⣬ȴȻ󲨡

ˡһλȻ
˶¶ڴ֮ɫ
Ȼ£ȴ벻ĶƲ۶ʮûãеͶȻ
ףҪˣü
ƲʰҪô棬ҪôǴسɹ뿪
˽ʮʱڴأû档
ҲܿгĬ
ĿǰΪֹߵˣǳĬĿԼ󣬲᰽ɵˣ˶˾
ǣǵһᣬȴûп˳֮⡣
ûгǡüɫ䡣
ƽ̾Ϣһ
᰽ɵˣɫÿ
᰽ɫˣзһ᰽ɵȴӹɵģȴǶ̾Ϣ
ϸ
ӶûгζţһĿܣĵڡ
Ҫ˵ŵˣĵӣԼţʵ̫Сˣһһǰ׵ˣôԼĸĵӡ



1490 Ŀ
᰽һƲ˵˶ĿܣǴ츳ǱǿģһԼļʻǺܵ͵ġ
Ͼ᰽ɶ˽Ҳһˣ˴ϣǰ;Űװ
ڶʮˣ᰽˵Ǽʧ
á
°Цȫǿ֡
᰽÷;޷ֹֺͣαװ׵һٶ죬˷˴ʱ䡣
ֺٶǵʱɢʱ޷׽ûȥ̣Ƕٶǻ죬ϵĴƫƫǻް취
᰽ɣȻĻ
ŵ˫˼ʱৡһһӰ⣬ͬʱϵƲʣҲǼһ䡣
˳ˡ
ı仯̾ͱ˷֣ǰ߲ͬȻ˴سɹѡ뿪

᰽ɵĸ߲ϳ˴ˣһУڶ
ܴʮ㣬Ҳ֮С
ȴЩԾǱ֮˺۴Ȼڴعʱһòײ˳
ңһľδĿĹˣƽ̵˵ĴȻһϾͳǷ
ʦ𡣡
ɵƽǰƽ̵״ӡ
Ԫ¡ˣȻһٮٮߣǧǰ˫ӻԶԶ޷ȣ⿴ǽܴʮ㣬ҲͶʮĲ㣬˫һ⣬ȫǶʮͿɼһߣˣûб᰽ɵ̫ϳϿУΪӣǱƽ̡ϵ¼ǽ
ãܻŻͺáƽ¶һ˿ЦݣӰȫҲ˿
֮ǰλŵ䣬ʵĵһΨһ
˹עģͲİΣˡ
ʮ㵽׷ʲô
˭
ǰ˭
һ⣬Χ˿ðǼ˽ڷ¡
㣬ĬǲǻţһİͻȻ˽ע⵽Χ˶¶ɵ֮ɫ
ͷȥ˵һӣӳǵķӦ
ֿƽһۣ߶΢΢ͷʾش⡣
ǣĬš
⻰һϵĶʱˣԭһ˿ң׿ڳϣȴҲûлɵء
һȫˣ
ĬţɱԪº࡭ڵһһʮ˵˳˿
ʲô
˶Ǵһ
Ǳû룬ϾţԪ¡δػϵʱ֪ԪºಢΪʮڷ
˾ǳĬˣʵȻ˾طʡ˼
²⣬϶ͻƣҲΪͻϻ˴ʱ䣬Ż档
Ȼʵ˲٣ҲûʲôþŵģҲǷʳڰˣȫ
᰽ɵ˶Ƿŭѣǵڣɱ᰽ɵţǼŭǡ
УӦǿҵģǴϡ
ҪʬΡǿɱӴϱŷ
ûɱ᰽ɵˣǻˡ
̽£̡
Ƿ׷ŭ飬̫ˣҲǸ޷ܡ
ˣ᰽ڵζܰӷˣҪ֮ߣκ
Ĭҿ䣬ˣĬûлԪºҲҽ飬ץǵλϸ˵ǻǸ᰽ɣڻɱǵţʲô鲻ģͲǻ
Ⱥ鼤£һЩ϶ǵͷͬ⡣
ڣ봦öУǽŭйϡ
ˡ
ƽͻȻŵȻ䱬ǿסˡ
ңĬǳĬҪΪһ̸ƽĿӴϵɨ
Ĺϵ˶ͷһ䣬ŷӦ᰽ɵλģλƽ̣Ǵϡ
ˣĬҪʱ򣬿Ǽġһλվƽߵĳѵ
ϵ˶ʱƿԡ
ǰӲǽ˱봳ʮ˲㣬ǣˡ
Ҫ׷˵ĹǴϵ
ԭˣҲ֣ĬҲδػɱҡͻȻ
Ԫº࣬ǴϵĵӣϺҵĲԸ˭ɱɱԪº࣬ᱻԡ
ƽһϵȴûгɼΪĺһͬ
ԣڶʮʱ򣬷ż򵥵ķŹˣ᰽Ȼ֪ڵֻзһ˻ųǿ϶ỳɵͷϡ
ĺǽƽһɣƵһߡ
һ᰽ɣû֮أڸǻһߵͬ⴦ҡ
Ϊƽ̵ӣ᰽ɵĻҲ
ңǷ
ƽ̺ʹзʱ򣬺߾һ죬λ̫ϳ϶ڿǵı֣ǴôҾôġ
Էûκ⣬뷽ֿ£ִҪңͻ̫ϳϵĲ
ֻгĬһˣҵҪߵ¶Ȥɫ
ȻͻƵطʣȤȷ˷Ҳ͵ס
˶侲ŷ档
ֻҪʮ˲㣬ɺݺݴҡĿ֮
ڷˣڴϵĿǷΧ
ǳɱҲܷʲôͻƣõٺôû
˵Ŀ⣬ϣ˶һƲʡ
ʮƲһ£ڶʮĲ㡣
ֹʮ죬ʮ㡣
ٹʮ죬ʮ㡣

ޱ𾪵Ŀȶٶȣʵǡ
տʼʱƲʱ䶯ǻ²⣬ǲǷǴˣǽʼһһ㡣
ʮ㣬ϵҲŴʮ㡣ŵ᰽ɵĳ
Ϊǿ̫࣬ʮĲʮ㣬û뵽Ȼ˶ʮˣȶ˷ָ
ʮ߲ˡ
ѵ˵ܵ϶ʮ˲㣿
֮
ϵĿãɫ
¶ʮ˲϶˷Էڵͷ˭˵С
ʮ˲㡣
᰽ɸ߲ŵĿУǶƲ˶ʮ˲㣬Ҳζţ˴Ŀꡣ



1491 ǰ޹
⣬һƬš
˻һЩ᰽ɵһȫ˼ȵ֮С
᰽Թ˴ʦ⣬ֻһ˴ʮ˲㣬ʮǰʦųڶʮ˲Ʋʣһλ˵ĸӡ
᰽ʷϣҲй˥ʮǰ˲ŵ㣬ʱǿƫƫʱһۣڶԷѹԵ¹Ӳд㱻š
Σͷλʦճ˶ʮ˲㣬ǿǼɴǱ˾ƣȻˣȴҲ᰽ػİλ
᰽ܴܲڣδ֪֮
λʦǴʮ˲㣬ڴʦ
û뵽ô᰽ûЧʦȴһˡ
᰽ɵĸ߲㣬鸴֮
δػǼ£ϾĬڵջ񣬶᰽ɡһλͻȻ˵
˷Ӧ̲סҡ
ҿ᰽Ҳ׬
ڵϣܴԽԽáƽ΢Цۺڴ
֪У˶Էɱ⣬ҲǱ䵭˲٣Ȼϵ˳⡣
Ԫº༴ʹţҲôߡ
ǲ̫Զ
ϧϧû죬᰽ɣҲʧΪһѡ񡣡гϧѡ
ţܼ᰽ɣȻ᰽ɴŹʣ
ֻϧ졣
᰽ȴǲΪ˷콻
ԷĿǰıֵ֣᰽ô

ʮ˲㡣
ڳˣ֮ڶ㡣ŹĻϣǰλã¶ϲɫ
ʮ˲㣬ܹһ֮ڶ㣬Ҳ¼İ淨УֵĵţȻⲻ˵ֵ֮淨ǶԾ˵ߵļֵߣڷ֮ȴ淨ǿġ
ûԥѡ˶һ
ĻϣĻֶʱʧһأʣһ㣬ţһâ񷴹渡ֳһᣬڷ
һģ϶֮ڶɡ
һ㶼û꣬ڶ˷
֮ڶ֣еĿһ룬Ҳ˹ĻĶ
ջҪ᰽ɣĶȻȤ
ҲĿ
ţȻĶȻһڹĻĶˣһռ䡣
ռһ൱ʮ죬Ȼռֻʹã޷򣬿ͱ᰽ɵ˶һˡ
ͷ𶯡
漰ʱĶʵ̫ˣʮʱٵģֻһطǾؾڵż
ǵǣҲûмʱĶ
ѵ˵ˣؾЩżˣλƿʱĹϳйأĄֻ̊́йأ̲ס²⣬ͷ̫ˡ
ĳ˵Ҳһż
ԣܱһλʮط۵ĽޣһΪͷûô󡣡
ҡҡͷΣһռ俴ؾڵżʲôƵĵط
ԷڵĻ֣ȴԶԶˡ
̫ٻĴ󹦸ɻԶû׼ֹת̤ݡ
ʮŲ㣬ʮŲˡ
˾
ʮһǶʶҲǷĹɣÿʮһ㣬ȻһΣȴҪһЩΪֹڶʮ˲ʱȴǶƲʳ˶ʮŲ㡣
ܳģֻдʦˡƽ̳
᰽ɸ߲̬ŷĲҲǽ˱仯ǰʲôҪˣĴҲܱݡ

ʮŲ㣬Ӧļˡһɫ쳣ѿ
ܽʮŲջɱԪºҲͲֵһˣҺã
ҡ
ֹʮ졣
ڣ˵Ŀⶼ
Ĺɣھ͸øһˣܲʮ㣿᰽ɵˣڴ˼㡣
ʮ㣬ͺ᰽ɵĴʦȼˣǰ޹˵׳١
ӵҲ
᰽ɵĴʦǺεܱȵġ
ĵȴУһܿȥ
Ҿ֪ܴʮģʮŲļޡ°Цֳ滺
봴ʦȼˣп׳֡΢΢һЦ˿
ƽ̵ˣʧˡ
ʮˣҲûгҪȵһ˵ʣĬ󣬻Ǵãߡ
û⡣ӵ˵ͷ
֪᰽ɿ϶ҪõϵĶ᰽ɵĺ֮Ȼ⡣
һһ䣬˶Է˰š
˼ʹ飬ȴҲ
ʱһͻأ
ü㵸֮
ʲôü
ʮ㣬Ĭʮˡüǿѹ¼ѵ飬ϲ˵
ȹעģ˶϶ܴʮʱŹעҲǵһע⵽Ʋʣʮˡ
ʲôʮ㣬ҿģȻġ˶Ǵʧɫæһ˶׻
ܣܡ
봴ʦȼˣڳˣһˡ
ϴľϵЦݽӲ޷ݡ
оõľ˷ʱʮ㣬봴ʦȼ磬ݺݵһ˦ϣֻʹĸо
֮᰽ɸ߲㶼ϲ
ʮ㣬̫Ҫˣһ봴ʦȼ֮ˣֻҪ䣬ܴһ᰽ɣܼ᰽ɵĻ᰽ɴﵽǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ʡƽ̿ڵӣǿƴɢݳѹĳ
ˣ⣬˶ôǿ
ͷǱɣҪġ
ƽ̡ӵҲ
߷£ŷľޱ֣Ľ
һʼʱ᰽ɶԷĮӵģΪܴʮ˲㣬ʹǴӿУ֪˷Ĵ澭ҲǱŻ̬ȡ
ȷɱԪº࣬᰽ɵδʱǶԷŭ죬޲ýʬΡ
ġ
ǣĴ˶ʮ˲ʱ᰽ɵ뷨͸ıˣΪеϧȷʮ㣬봴ʦȼ󣬾͸ǳŤת˾ơ
Ϊ᰽˵̫ҪˣҪˣΥ־ĳ̶ȡ
Ӻƽ˵ʲô
ܣĬһҪߡնƽ֮ǰӾͶȻԼ̬ȡ
иǰ̾
ԭΪһɵ£ȴ쳣
ٶǺйϵĻʱӶѡԸΪٶǵ棬᰽ɵ
Ȼ᰽ɣҲʲôĴﰡ
ǣƫƫģĴһλʮطۡ
ʹӼʹðŵ᰽ɵķգҪ
ƽԸ⸶κδסĬʲôۡƽŭɫһǿѹȥ
ʲôۣ㿪ڡƽ̶ӣǲϧһУҪסˣԷֳȫֵá
᰽òҡҡͷȻҲǷ£ģһλʮطۡ
ʮطۡƽһͣеĳȻȥ
ʮطۣλҪ̫߳ˣҲԶһ᰽ܵġ

ƽ̾Ϣѣȴֺް취
λʮط۵嵽᰽ɣΥ
᰽ɵ˶Ĭȴһдģ˸Ҫ
κΣ첻Ը֡
ҪԺвƽ⣬ûҪ᰽ɲϧһеĳ̶ȡ
ձĽŶ
᰽ɵбǸеٲ⡣
ʱš
ֹŹֵķΧУһҲѸٽ
Ҳ˱ãϣ²ܴⷽʮһ㣬ʮȥˣʮһ죬ʮ졭ڣǷˣԷʮһ㣬ٲκϣ
һգʮʮ֮á
ͻȻ
ü͵վָĴ󺰴У˼㣺ʮһ㣬ʮһˡ
ͬһذըȻը˶ˡ
ǵһʱ
ûƲʣʮһ㡣
ʮһ㡣
ʲô
᰽ɵĴʦδĸ߶ȣʷδֹ漣Խ᰽ˡ
ģǰ޹ˡ
ƽ⣬ˡ



1492 ̫ϳ
ŷƲʣʮһӵɫʱˡ
һˣԼ°ˣǴʧɫоΧһӱļȽ

ͷע⵽ڿʮһʱԭѾѡõƽб˺˵âͲϵҲ»ָ˻һ㣬ɢǿơ
˵᰽ɵƽ̺ʹϣʵ֮ϡ
֮һֱڣˡ
εĿ¡˲õԤУ£᰽ɿ²״߷ˡ
ʮһ㣬Դƽ⣬᰽ѡ
ֲòӣ֮£ֻܼ˵ƽ̣һһ䣬ͼԷѹȥĬ캫ԵҪ׽õġ
һεİ쳤ϵͷϣ᰽á
ҲΡ
ʵܺɨ᰽ɣʶԷֱ˾ǣκǵԶ᰽ɵĶ֡
ˣǵͷλ˭˵˳
ĳϣ޲ʮطۡ
һΣвЧȴôá

ЦԶδ֮ζ˸Ѫ˵ܡ
ˣ֣°ǲʹȥ
֮ⲻ֪ʱһӰһԽңԶľ룬ǰ
˳ֵɲǣ֮ƺ˸һҶΨֱһġ
̫ϳϡ᰽ɸ߲㳯˹
ʮطۡһ
ñ˽ܣܲ³Ȼ᰽λʮطеһλ
᰽ɹλʮط򣬲ˣȫڣϾ᰽һƽʱжΣҪʱ̣᰽ɵĵҲ֧ŵ˷أǿ֧Ų˵ĻǱʮطۻҲ塣
λֵ̫ϳϣ᰽ڵʮطۣҲĺʦ
Ϸ̫ϳϿӵˣ
ۡӲҵæ
Ƕʮط۵𾴡
ʥھ֮ϣ磬ͳԽ˵ķ룬̤򣬶ʮطۣ˼ӽˡ
ÿһλʮط۶𾴣ʹԷˣʹ졣
Ѿ˽龭Ĭй᰽ԸһеֲٶǺʧ֪ǿɷ֣ûзϻֱ˵⡣
ĳɼ̫ϳ϶ˡ
˳Խ˴ʦ콾ǰʹʮطۣôסڷ϶ʮ˲㣬ȼ᰽ɵʦʱƽ֪ۣ̾ͨҲú߹עߵܵһʱ
ӿЦ
һλʮط˵ķԶƽܱȵġ
鷢չزԼ£ѡˣǺϷġ
ۣ׽÷ǺϵҲӲͷƤ
ĻУ⡣
⻹ǽ᰽ɺӵһ¶á
޷ºǻȥɺϽͣ½⣬ڣҪʱһ£ǰﲻ뿪۵˵ͷ

׹
ԣ᰽ɶԷӳǰǲ뿪ˡ
Щˣ᰽Ȼ壬ʮطۣȴ᰽ܵġ
һɾ޴Уӿӵͷ
Ϊˣ˱ɣߵﲻǸ߸ϣйľ
ҪŭӴ۵ĮĿʱȴǻһ䡣
ɣԼҪӲĻԷ˵º֡
ЩڣйдˣΪ᰽ɲû뵽ֳôĶ᰽ӵԸӵĵز
죬ҵˡ
֪ˣ֪ͨǱߣҲ䵽أȴҲˣ᰽ɴ봫Ϣȥ
̫ϳϣʡ
ʱӷʮһͳĬĴͻȻˡ
ҾãִĬûκ壬ϾĬ᰽ɵˣҲδػ᰽ɡϻ
⻰һ˶һ㶡
ǰĬ᰽ɵˡǶӦ
׵ı֣᰽ɵ˶ʶ᰽޹صʵ
Ͼܽģ޲᰽ɵˣ˼άԡ
۾һҲ⡣
᰽ɣǵִޱҪ
ⲻ⣬Ϸó⣬óĬ᰽ɡ۵Ȼ÷᰽ɣġ
ҲҪĬŴ΢΢һЦҲ˵ŭĿӡ
һеǰᣬǷԸ᰽ɡ
˶ĵȴȴ뿪һ졣

ڣȻ֪Ϊ󶯸ɸ꣬ȻĽԼ
ʮһ㣬ܿҵ˽ڣʼ̫ٻԽ󣬽̺ԽԽǿǵʮ㣬֮ǿȻǽӽ˷ʵޡ
Ҳ÷Ĵ̣ӳ˲ʱա
ȵʮһ㣬е󣬷ȷһĽ۾ˣϣǿûκδЧ
~
ֺĻɫأƺܽ㳡ͬΧĻһΪȻһȽȽ޾ɨķ
ߺȻײɫնϣʹؾ𵴣׹䡣
˾󣬾˵˼㡣
ʣǷȫ֣뽣еĻɫ⿹⣬Էܴ
ϣɫʤһȻȴ޾ڶȹ˳ڵƺ𽥰˾ƣɫѹơ
ڣѹ˻ɫ⣬ķ飬ʮһйâ㡣
ִ̫ٻ𣬴ӿƮ
һδ󣬷ûϽһΣʮһĽ̫ǿҪȴ̫ٻָ
һһָǰ졣
ڣԶǰǴЧҲԶԶʤ
ҲǰһĴ˼ʵĻܳʮһĽ⡣
һ㣬ҲǰĴЧ󻯡
ʮһһͣ¡
Ҳŵ˿ܼǰ̫ˣԷ֮ǰֳĽȿ²ӦҲǼˡ
ȻΪֹʱʮһУȴǿʼ˼ء
Խ󣬹ؿѶȾԽ
ʮһʮѶķȸ˺ü𣬷һ𺣣Ƭ𺣾ͱ޾Ļӻгɱ
ÿʱỵ̈նɱԼĻܼǰ
ңԽӽյ㣬ҲԽ࣬ʵҲǿܿڲĻ»ŵ˵
޾Ļ鲼ռ䣬ϵ¶Է𹥻ȥȫǡ
ΧķŭеĽʯź಻ϵĹƣҪͨʮһ㣬ҪĲǿʵҪǼᶨƵ
˭ɱ֮Ļεظֲ֪ʲôʱܵͷеɥڻĳ½
ʱ·ĸڣƺֹĻͻȻȫͣͻ棬ĻҲָƽ
ԭ֪䣬ߵ˾ͷ
ηô־ʱҲǸеһߡ
ⲻϣǾϵƣ
ջҲǲСǽĸۣһĥ󣬷еĺɫҲһ飬֮ĺɫڷԴж飬ʱһ顣
ûó鿴ȴɫı仯
;ͬ鰡ԽԽҪԣˣҲһ૵ϢƬ̺վ򴳹سɹֵĹĻ



1493 
ÿһδسɹйĻ֣ѡһƷҲѡ뿪
ǿһ»֡
ô֪ࣿһ˾ͨʮһĻ֮ߣԶǰκһ㣬Ǽг
򣬿ʮԺ󣬲ľڡ
ȻҪسɹѶ֮Ҳǿ֪ʵ̫ˡ
ʮһĻ֣㹻һռˡ
ûмжʶ˹ĻĶˣһ³ĶҲǼֵߵġ
ʮһ㣬ֻʲô
װ׻ڶ㣬ȵȣ飬ǽ顣
һ
װ׻ʱЩ֣¼淨֮һ˵Ӧóʮһ㣬ǵȿıעʱʱȻ
飬Ȼǽ顣
һ淨õѡ飬ǽ顣
ڶʮ˲õ֮ĵڶ㣬ǲǽ飬ҪҲû⣬˾ͷҪ룬ͱۿֲȱٵĲ֣׳⡣
ļֵһıǿ
û뵽ﾹȻнڡ૵û´Ļ淨ĵһҲӦн飬᰽ˡ
Ȼһı綼ָģҲֻһˡ
ңǰڷŵ¥Ҳ̫ߣʮһ£ͱ᰽ɵȡߣԷûп
᰽ֻ淨һĽ飬ҵǱôģڵڶ㣬ʮϣȴǴδõ
Ȼװ׻Ľ飬϶Ҳ֮ģҪǰ
ǿĶ
ʮ㲻ʺϴ̫ٻ󣬷ҪҪǰȱȱˣ֤Ǳ츳ĴڣȴһĴ̼
Ҳãõģֻ֮ڶ㣬ԼĻֻҪıɣڽ鵹ǿš
Ҳ˽Լ
õƷȫ᰽ɣ˷һûһĻţıȴҲý
ڷõǹҲֻҪһıɣҲǱƹ˽Լ
᰽Ҳ֪ʮϻ淨ڶĽ飬ǵ˼άä㣬ҪƹȥҲ¡
ǰ
ûԥ̤ݽ˸һ㣬ŴƲʳʮ㣬ʱ˿ˡ
ʮ㣬ʮ㡣
ȷֵģλüϣ˶ڴ֮ʱһ˿ϣʮ㣬ʱ
˶Ǵʧɫ
ʮһѾ漣Խˣʮ㣬붼޷
ããá
ʮƲʣ˵֣鼤
콾ϧһжҪסκδ۶ֵõġ
ҲϧһУʲôʹ᰽ɵĸȥҲֵõġ૵ᡣ
Ϊ˵õ¶˾ģκδۡ
죬᰽ɱҲûϵֻҪз콾ڣһ᰽ܹؽԶ֮ǰĸΪǿ
ȻڽҲһġ
ͳ£ִһȨģɲʥֻҪ㵽ɵĳͳµĳԲֹȥ᰽ܰĵϢ
ңҲΪһԸ
ʹΥλϵԸ˵Ҳ㲻ʲô¡
ڡ
ȻŬš
Ҫ̫ٻҲòͣˣʮϢָ󣬷Ϳʼ˴أʮѶȱʮһ౶ֱͷ
ҪȥҪģǿʵ
ʮһȣʮĵʵĲ࣬ڷĳܷΧڣѶȣǵ
ʮÿһ㶼һ֮ĴսĵľӴ֮
նɱ󣬷ڴһľͷߵȫ֮ʱ˫һڵأɼڴʱ֮ޡ
˯һһҹ󣬷˹Ļ淨ڶĽ飬ϧǣûһ֮
Ҳ٣ǰĹɣʮӦû֮
־֮ȵʮ㣬˲Ƶʱ䣬״̬۷ǺԥĿʼ˴ء
һεĴѶ֮ǰδеġ
㳡Χٲǻ𺣣޾ĺڰûһҲͷ˵
ˣڰҲźڰ鲻Ϯ
һأ˾ǰٻܿͷмֵĶ
ֹս˵ĥУԵĥ£Ҳǰδеģ̶Ĵʱ䣬ڷĸоȴǹʮ֮꣬á
ȷߵ˰ȫ֮أĵ˼޵̻˹ȥ
󣬷˹
ߵĻǰϣ֮ڶĽڳˣûԥѡ˶һŽ̲סһ
ڽˡ
ϻ㣬ȴûмȤˡ
츳ǱмĿܴ󣬵ʮ㣬ʱȴˡ
ǰ̫ٻĹУĵ˴ʱ䡣
һֱʮĻаܵʮ㣬ȴûôʱ䣬ȻʵʵĴع̲ĵľ޴;ȴҪʱָҪʱ伫
ȴûôʱ䡣
ռһʮ죬㹻ʱָĽȴдĺһѡռ䣬͵뿪
ռ󣬻ֱӳ⡣
һռڵʱû꣬ᱻͳ
Ļ֣ȫһռɡ
һ˽󣬷ʣĻֻһЩ룬һһЩƷʣĻȫһռ䡣
âһʮʧ

ʮ㣬Ȼʮ㡣
Ʋʣͣʮϣ᰽ɵѾ𾪵ľˣ˶˿־塣
ʮһ㣬ʮ㣬Ҫϧһе·
ʮء
콾пܼ᰽ɣȥɶᱻҪɣ˶ǲ˲ŵ뷨
᰽˵ǿһɣǷŴ磬ȴҲ㲻ʲôˡ
ǻƽ
֪ܴʮ㣬δĳɾͲСǣûû飬Ҳֱ̫۵ĸо
츳ǱЩ֮ӱǿȴԷֱˡ
ЩҲûãԳһЦ᰽ɲǴߵġ
һˡ
ʱţŵ˵ȴǸ
ڣһ޵١
ӴĲƸȻһǺƺʲôǣ㣬ź󷽻ȥ
ʱȴûȥעˣ˵Ŀ⣬ۼڣһâǰӰϡ



1494 ܾ
ģȻǷ
ȻǳĬ
ȥʱĬĬţûΪܴʮ˲㣬ʱȴĿ᰽ɵˣĿ֮
ţ
һͿ˳棬ǷҲǳһۣʮط۵ǿվϣƺƿص÷һʱע⵽
ôҲǼʥʮطۼҲˣܿͻع
󣬷ע⵽ˡ
λʣʶ˺ٶҲδԼ°ȴ÷ü
Ȼˡ
ٶӦѾ˽Լʵʱǵıɽ뵽죬ҲԤе飬û̫ϡ
Ŀɨ䣬ȫ۵ףĵҲһ˲ͷԾҲЩա
ܶȥʶܲµó
ô죿Ʋ᰽ɺˣûѡ̶֣ȴ˿һԵĴϡ
Ѿʮ˲ˣԼ֮һʹн޷ֵңҵĹϵõĶ
û˵꣬ͱƽ̴ˡ
Щüƽһǿϡ䱦ŷȻ÷˵õĻ
Ҫ÷˵ˣ߼ϵ΢΢ԽĿĲ
ջ񣬷Ҫ
ĬԸ᰽ɣʱۿˣһ˵˶죬ƽ̶Ҵϡ
ǣۡ
λ᰽ɵ̫ϳϣۣҲĺʦϵǳƽЦ
΢΢һЦ
ֲ֮ˣǿˣһǲܻΪһ̸ģƽôǿϵȴҲЩЦʱҲ׹
Ϊʲôûж֡
ΣΣûлش𣬷ʵ
Թǵһʮˣ᰽ˣϷŵֻҪԸ᰽ɣõϤĵѧϰеκικԴ᰽ɻ᲻ϧһе㣬ֻҪͷ̳ΪƽҲ޲ɡ۵
㲻᰽ɵĻҪ׽㣬᰽ɾûˣΪ֮û̫Ĺϵ
Ҫɣ³̶ԶģûһǿΪ㲻λ˵һλʺڣҲ׽ģȻͻƣҪλʣӦûпܡ
˵û˵ȥ
ţԼѾѾƷĺˣֻҪɵӣȻȷѡ
ѹֲߣԭҪǣвĬӻȻ
ԭЩ֣Ϊ˲ǴϢȥĻðǿ֮᰽κһԣȴףҪʩѹ
ôѾ˵ĺˡ
᰽ɣ˵ĺô̾ܳΪ᰽ڣ̫ϳϵˣǷ룬Ҫ졣
ʵʵǷʺڣǰɡ
Բľơ
۴ˣ֮ǰȷʵԳĬж⣬׼׽ûȥ̣Ϊǲ˽ĬţĬıִȥº϶ı⣬˳Ĭʹ᰽ɣҲʲôΣաȻ۵óѣʱڵҶ˵ѷȥҪģںϻôãͲܹܵˡ
˵Ķǿͷ֧Ʊ˶λҲ˽⣬Ҳ޷ֱĻǼ١
۲ü
û뵽λʮطǰӻô˵Լĺ¡
ڷӦ᰽ǰصȥˣԸ룬ֵ죬͵òʧˣ˽ǲ˽Ϊº͵Ҳû˵
ȱţЦǸעص档ҡҡͷŷҪĻ첻׷Źģңʹİţ죬Ҳһͨĵӣ᰽һӦĳ죬ΪΪţ󰡡
Ͳ͵ˣľܵԼҲϣͷأ˴ⷽȰ˵
᰽ɵҲҺԣȵ
дϲΪԼ˵ˣŻϸˣֱӴ뷽֪˷Լ뷨᰽ɵĻҵһʱǱȵȡ
ò˵۵Ȱ˵˵ԷӣҲ˸жǣвȴҲ˷С
Сο
ȻҲȫӵĻϾ˵ģһֿܣԼڱ˵һ֮䣬·ŲҲǱ֮Ωֲ
Ҳ᰽ɡ
ѡһɣΪ˵õ֮ڵһ͵ڶ֣ﻹҪ᰽ɣǸԼҲڡ
ҪǼ᰽ɣԱΪԺжܵԼ¶ĿҲ͡
ܱǸ޷᰽ɡ᰽ڴĿ⣬
⻰һ᰽ɵǴʧʹϵˣȴϲ⡣
ôõĻǰҪƫƫϣڱϡϵ˲Ц
Ҳߡתͷֶӵ˵
ԭ¶ʤЦݵӣ϶ʱ̡
ҵˣƿء
鲻
仰˵ģͬҲ˵ġ
ʮطΣû
Ǻǣ۴ˣȻĬԸ᰽ɣعûֹ˰ɡתۣ˵
Ϸ˵㻰
ǡ
Ӵˣת˿ȥûѡﶯ֡
Ͼ᰽ɵĺصأû￪ֻҪ᰽ɲŽ׽ûȥ
˱ľҲȲҪ뿪
ֻҪָͨѶȨϻصԼʹ᰽ҪҲ۵
᰽ûӵ뿪
Ӧϵ죬ٹһЩʱգ᰽Ҳס㡣ȵӵһᣬȰв
˼ȷѡ񣬵ȵǿߵ᰽ǾԲҳֵġ
ΨһĻᣬзڵء
û˵ݣȴ̬ȱ¶š
~
̾˿ûٶ˵ʲôһʱʧ뿪֮
һߣ·ѹŵһʯŲߣ˶ǳһ
λʮطڳʹκˣѰڡ
ĬΪʲôǿǣ
᰽ɾǳĳģֻҪ룬Ͼ֮£֮ϡ
᰽ɸ߲㣬ҲǷ׷Ȱ˵ڣǲ˵ʲôȴڣôһ׳᰽ɵľûߡ
Ҳͼ뷽Ĺϵ÷ı⡣
ȴ˿Ϊ
ۼ̬ȼ˲ò
ȻԸ᰽ɣڵõĶɣѵ˽̣ͻȻһг



1495 
˵ģǴϣĮĿŷϲɫһ
᰽ɣ˵ٺò¡
ϾλΪʮط۵ţڷǰǲֵһģ̫Զˣ˫µĳԹ͸Եǰ;δ³ҵľԻ
ϿɲΪԼԷ½Ŀܡ
ڷ֪ôģȻԸ᰽ɣ涼Цʱ˵ҲΪ˼ŭ׶Ͼ᰽ɵĿԡ
ڵջ񣿡
ԣ˶һĿҲǳ
ԸĻܵõջҲǼΪ
Թδ˵ʮһ㣬ʮˣ涼ʲôһ᰽Ҳ顣
û⡣ûжŭʹͬˡ
ûЩ
˳ڴĿУڵջһһȡ
֮ڶ㣬ʯʥˮ
֮ڶĽ飬һ
ŷóĶ˵ڴıʧɻ
ǷóĶãʮ̫Զǵڴֵƫ̫
ʲôЦʮô㶫λŭ
Ȼû˵˼Ҳˡ
㣬֪õĶҪȥ᲻ȫһмÿԷһۡ
ʵϣҵĽ飬Ҫ㶫һ
ˣҲ御ˡ
ƿԣĻһһΪͽµ£ûôС
ҲӦ
˲Ը᰽ɣ᰽ҲûУȻվ᰽ɵϿ⣬ƾʲôҪһȫ
Ҫ˵ΪңҲҵĿ䣬Ҵ󣬶ҲҪҷֵ
δһ濴ûȫһɡ
ԭ򣬻⽣Լ˲²⣬˽˶û֤ݣ˵ҲûС
ȻĽûзɣ˵ķϽԼ
ɡƽҡҡͷ˵
ƽ̣ôô׷ߣ϶˺ܶණϴе
ƽ̵ú޻˵ϣȴѾ۾
ɱȥ׼Էûж֣ҲԸ֦߱˱ȭתȥ
ߵǲô⣬עҪģ뷽йôһν飬Ҳ㹻ˣࡣ

᰽ɣɽ
վһϣ·᰽ڵķ羰۵ס
һᣬŲƽ̤¥
̫ϳϡƽ̹
ǲе֣ΪʲôһǲҪΪѳĬۿڵ֮ǰѶƽ̣Ҳڽӵ󣬲ûдϡ
е㡣ƽ̵˵ͷ
۳Ĭһ
Ҫһ־ƣóĬûѡֻܼ᰽ɣΪ϶ɹ̫ļˡԳһЦ֮ǰΪ˷ʡ
ܴʮģǺεĳɾͣȻԶʦ᰽ɣҲֻЩţȣǺεȵĽвķʽ³˰һãпΪ᰽ѡ
Ҳ̫ļĬʮסˣҲˡ
ЩԳ
侲ŷԼĴ
ܱȵģ
ڲѼ᰽ɣһģ᰽ûйУǿԺְ취᰽ɸ帲ǲ᰽֮֮֡
ֻļ룬Ϊҵ˲ֵ
̫ϳ˵ǡ
ƽ̺ôҲִһ̵᲻ǰǺˣҲΪ˵̫Ӷǲϧһеȴûпǹ¼ˣʲôҳϿԡ
ѹȻǵķ⡣
ƽ
ϷֻѡҪôǰ֮ɱҪô֮á
ǰɱ᰽ʲôô
û˽ջ˵ûȫһأҲǲܵ飬Ϊһ㻳ɣͶԷֶɱʵûʲôҪ
Ƚ뷽ãõѡ
ֻҪ䣬ĳɾͷͬСɣʱܹ᰽һ᰽ɵĴ
᰽ĬûʲôޣʱҲȷѡ񣬶뷽Ľ飬δûϹϵĿܡۻ
̫ϳӢһԸȥ֤᰽һͬʣ۸ͷϡƽæ
ˣЩӦţҪҪ
û˵꣬۾ͶȻҡͷ
᰽ɵˣǿɵﲻ𡣡
᰽ɣǲϧ죬Ȼ룬Ȼȥ죬Ǻɲһ᰽ܳܵģ¶˵һС¡
ٺ٣һҵ˲ƿأҵҪܷ񴳹һأԸһλʵԶԼǿߡۺȻһЦĿɽ֮⡣

뿪᰽ɺ󣬷ûɶãͿһۺبǰסȥ·
Ĭּˡվڴͷ¶һ˿Цݡ
ʽһ£˻һλִͨ£ǿһͷųʡ
ӣҲʣЦ̣аɱ⡣
Ĭ
ĬҲн죬Ϊ㵽᰽͸ǣûܻ㣬ϵһҪӱ°⣬ޱȳӵĵŷ
ôΪʲôΪһ
ۿһۣȴص˳ʼϣĴ°Ҳ಻סйеĿ⡣
ž~
һй°Ÿ߸߹գоǲ֮ɫ
һǶ⣬ڴڹ֮ͥ£ҴˣҲ°᲻˿ͷ
ˣ°ĸףٶ
ұ죬˵ķݣٶŭһǶ°ϣúߵ׳ͷ
ٶΡ
ע⵽°йʱʵͷ
ɲҵλʡ
𿴶Է£ʵϣȴһ㶼ܲ˶Է
ˡ
Ǻϵٶκν顣
ٶԼ뺫ϵĹϵʵ̫ԶΣԺ󵽺ϵϣͲˣ̰ᣬ˵ϵҲϵ
˳ͻϵȻ޹⣬ŭ£׶ٶǵĹϵҲǴпܡ
ˣۼ鲻ԥٶϣǶ°
Ǹûп°㣬ʿŷ᰽ڵĻ˵֪㴳кܴĿˡ㡣
Σһɡ
ûаڳ߸ϵ̬ʵ̬ȿԳƵǿ
˵Ҳ޷ȷ϶ԷĴãԲҵһơ
ΪԶˡ۾



1496 ʱ
ԶǺǡ
΢΢һЦȴûзϡ
ȻȴʵĬ츳ǱԶңð꣬ܳңڣ㲻ҡݣƺ˵һɵʵ
ܱǸҿκ
ֱӾʹ󷽵ĳ
𣿡ƽ쿪̫ٻĸΧ¶ȶʱʼ쭣ϧҳĬϲʵ˵
̫꣬ˡ
£Ȼ
ûκԥҲûΪԷԼʵɣ޻ڡ
ؼ䣬Ȼһ޾ҫķأ뽣̫ԡ
Ҫ˵Ľ̫ԣȻԶⷽ򣬽֣ȴǺѷɫҲ˶ݡ
Ǻɨص޾棬ĲůǱǵɱ⡣
һСٶһ
ûм֡
ǵٶǺīɽׯңͷʹһУͬնһɱīɽׯĶǿߣٶҲº󣬴ԶԶԹ۵˿е֪
ʱǰطԾطʵʹָǿ󵽺̶ֳȡ
Դ֮ңң
ԴɱīɽׯĶǿߣһһֱһУԼ֮Уڽ֮Ƴɹ
ý̾
֮һԵĻֺƣҲΪ֮ݡ
ҪңĺԶЦ̽գһǶųƵĳ
Ĺ淨ݻΪڽ
ʴ߶ƳһǻƵģ޾ĽڶһӴŲת¡
ˣ˷ظӿѸ׳š
~
ӭ׹µ˫һӴѸٱΪ⣬ȻϾǻ۳͡
ʺңһɳţǵ
ÿһǵศɣһؼҲǿ󣬵Ƚൽʱ׹ƶʱֹס
ա
˫ĲɿؼҲǷ·һĻ꣬εΪۣΪ׳
һء
Ŀ΢ڵʹ֮ɱʳڣڶԷǰȴռ˿ˡ
Խȥ·磬ɢơ
ǣһء
ʵʵ;磬ǿ̫࣬ǷʺڣĴﵽһصľ磬⾳ϵ򻹺ܵͣõķҲܴǳϣ֮ĳ̶Ҳǳؼߣ޷ѹڣԴԴʼմ۷״̬ʱƴȴ𽥲֧
ʵҲǷʺڣ̫ٻ𾭹ڣʵһ۷嶼ǲԶֻ֮ϣκǽޣһصȴԶԶʡ
Ȼû
᰽ڣҡҡͷ
ĬѾӽ˷ڣǲ֮ģʱǲ̫࣬ʺڣһأǿһʱĲΡ
ʵһأۿ©ٳԸȴ㹻ˡ
ʺųἼֹڴˡ
ƽ̵˵ͷ
Ĭ㲻Ҷ֣ɡʴ߶
Ҫңó汾
ҵġһ˿ŭɫѾ֣ԷֹôҲˡ
𡣡
һȣƳϽʢһڷɶ𣬼սš
ۣǵʱһ𣬽Ľڽڰˡ
Ĭҵڽ߾ʮڷɣ̤ʮط۵ĲΣһûǳ̶ȣҲʶһ£ҵǿʵʸƳϣһҲǷ
һÿһǿգֲĽɨأһ£ͽķ顣
ڶ£ŷȥ
ˡ
һչֳǿʵ󣬷ʺڵ̳ѹԵƣȫһ
δء
ʱ̣Ǻҡ
ãһ£ɹ
̫ٻϣâȻ
ûʹ֮һӳ̫ٻϱҫ۵Ĺ棬ΰڽ
һµĽ˴˼ͨͻȻһЩҡ
µĽǣϵֱ½
~
һնϣֽϻ㣬һˣнȻ鿪
ôܡ
ʣԹһˣӶĿɿڴ
ǰĳֱڵ߸ǵ֪
һһ㶼ǿ֮֮Ҫһȴɻ֮˱顭
ֱڿЦ
ѵ˵ڷˮﶼĸͷ
ôܣôܣһһ
ɫٲƽ
ĴݺƽǽǿʵϵģţԼ·ʵƫʱȴҲ޷򶨡
û˱һνˡ
ϣڲɱ˷ЩҲԶԶڷ֮ϣ߽ĽǷѹ
ǣ˫һ̣о֮ͨ⣬Ϊңʹٲ˴Ч󽵣ÿάͬʱĳ̶ȡ
⻹ǷĶ֡
ʲôȻ˹¡оɲ
ڽÿ֮֮ͨҪ֮ƳԶһĽʹǾͨ󷨵ˣҲƲڽ
ԿҾͲţҵڽ
ҧҧһλӶƳһΣûκε֣ŵܻء
Ȼڳǰʱ֮ͨһγ⣬Եʱ󽵡
~
鿪ִݡ
ȫһĽ
ڽıˡ
ʵɫһӱɷס

ô£ʾȻǳĬĶ֣һʺڱʳڴǱ
ƽ̳ɵˡ
˫ս᰽ɲԶǶҲĻɣԼǲǿۡ
ʲôʱ򣬷ʳڶսʤʺˣɲǾ绮֣ʵְ
ȻôţʵҲǰڽƺٲǷĶ֡
ˣǰģһ޷Ĺ쳡
ƽ̲ۡ
Ϊʮطۣ۵۹ƽ̲֪߳٣ҲֻſһЩߣҲȷϣֱۿ˺һᣬһ߽
ÿµĽȻʱ⡭



1497 ׼뿪
ʱ⡭
ƽ̵Ĵ󺧣඼©һġ
ѵ仹潣ŵ
ʱǲģʹң֮õе˼顣
ֻ˵һЩΪĵر֮ӵиıʱЧ΢Сڽչ¶ˡ
ˣоռ䣬ʱǾ˵ġۺȵ˶٣ЩԥȻ֮ڽչ¶ҲδţҲҹªˡ
繦ٿ֮Ľ۲һͨʮطۣĸ˵һƵĽ
Ĭôܻᡭѵƽ͵
Ļͽ͵ͨˡ
ϾʮϣǴδ˵ʲôֻзһ֪
ӦòǹҲƷһֻгĬһʹãڽԼ£۵
˵ţ³һϷĶˣֻӦòᡣ
ջ£ʮط۶סҺнԼڣıҲǼţ޷ˡ
ƽҲǸеϧ
˵ĻĬʵӦǷʺڲŶԡƽ̳
ʵ֣һ˵ʵǵľȻսʤʺڵʣʵԱΪʺڡ
ô˵ĬսʤʣΪߵĽȫˡ۽͵
ʵǿڽͨȽҪȹ̣ƳƳҵʱǰûãΪһͨ˿ȣƽϾͻʵһǧɡ
ǱķʺڣĬͲǶˣֿ½ʵȫڡ
ڣƽһĶҡ
ʱطʶǣһʱ䣬ʵ˸оһ
Ψһźǣ˾ž޵᰽ɡ

Ǳ˼㡣
ʶڽƺд󣬲ʹԷͽ͹ǽ˻ڽһ仯
ʱצǿӿڡ
Ȼʱ˼ǣÿһնƺƴƺܽطֳ룬ȴ¥㣬ԽӽԽնǰʱƺƴĽһ顣
Դϣÿһⶼ໥ڣ˴ѭ׳޼᲻ݡ
ҲΪһ㣬ʱȴ©
ʣĿǡ
ʹõһǲݻᱻϣǷ֡
ڷĹ£֧穣·磬𽥲֧
~
һնǿݺײϣ߻ҲղסƳַ˳ȥ
ˡЦЦ
Χѻȸ˶ˣ˭û뵽Ľ
һŵǵͨ죬оջһ㡣
ոջ˵ð꣬ܳڣȴ
Ȼôû뵽òŰ꣬ڣɹֽɨأһǶݺݳϣۡ
ȻȡˣƫƫǿסսзʺڵʵΪңҲû㡣
䣬һգһϴѩһսĳ衣ʺ޺޵
㡣ʼ硣
ǷʣʵԽ֮ĲֻԽԽⲻǳ滰ˡ
Ҽˣ˲Ȼʹգ滹ûץ㣬ͲܿƵˡʵ
˵ͷ
˵֮¿ȥûٶ°һۡ
ʣ°һĶʱ˹ȵףҲòȥʽ£Ǹǿ־嵽˼㡣
£¡չһ֮ٶſ׼˵
ɡ˵ʲô
Ȼ˵ĺٶ°ɴ⣬Ų롣
΢΢һЦ
ûɱٶ°ȫֵһᡣ
ӲҪɱǵĻ»λϣʹǵĹϵԶģλϵ棬öԷʧ֪
СˣԶûûˣɲ룬һϡ
ʣҲһ뷨
ҲǲԹ̫Ͼ˴˼Ҳûʲôޣûº֡
˷λϼʹưոݣ׷ɱҲ̫ỻһ̬ȣᲨҡ
ʱ򣬸뿪ˡ
ͷ᰽ɵķ򣬷뿪

պ
ƽ̽ӵһϢʱɫ䣬ǰȥݼ̫ϳϡ
ˣϺ͹ڼǰ뿪ɽţȥƽֱӵ
ʲôʮطۣϢҲһɫ䡣
ȥҳĬˡ̾˿Կ϶˵
ƽ̵˵ͷĵ顣
᰽ɵ˶ɱǾһЦˣҲǵĳͶա
̫ǿǼ컹׾ٵġƽ̵벻ͨǣĬ֮ûޣΪʲôҪء
Ϊ˳ԹǴѳĬʱҡͷ
˶һֿۣµ۶Ķˣ˫гԹ˴϶Է֣ȫ֮С
ȥ׷𣿡ƽе
ˣֻϣĬӦòز֮ˡ۵
⻰˵Լûʲôġ
磬δɳ콾ȱȽǡ

ǹǡ
ڿͷ֮С
ʱ򣬸뿪ˡƽ
뿪᰽ɣҲ򣬶ǣ뿪硣
뽣Ŀģ֮Ѱ֮ǰѾɹҲһ롣
֮ĵһ㣬ۿ˽飬ֲȱ©ڵڶĽ飬Ĳ㣬ȴԷڵʵûаܵõǰ֮Ҳ㹻ʮطˡ
Ҫ뿪磬һĿģ֮һ
̫ٻϴɹֻҪһӴıԴ֮ע̫ٻǵ̫ٻһٽΪ켶Ҳ˳Ƴɹ
ǷƵ֮
磬һġ૵
̫ٻҪ𣬾ûôˣطͽѪ⣬ҪϽ֮
ûн£óĬ֮｣磬ô뿪΢΢һЦ
ģȵʱҲܷſֽţڰš
ҹˣš
ţ
ͻȻɫ΢漴¶һЦݣˣ겻ɢļһ



1498 ɱ
뿪᰽ɺ󣬷ܿԼ˶ˡ
ϳ֮ǵʱһȥб׷ٵӣ˴ⷽرУʱʵ֮£ֻҪԷ׷̫֮һš
ζԷʹ׷֮ˣȾһθ࣬ڷܿ͸ķ롣
᰽ɸ׷֮Է˭же
Ҳã뿪ǰһˡ
Цһվƿ˳ȥ
Ĭһ߳ȥʱ˸ˣһģ˳üҪȥ󣬾ͻῪǰĵŻĻԼǮǲ˵ġ
˵꣬Ҳش𣬻˷
ЦЦҲ⡣
Էûʲô⣬Ҳóȴǲòʱ뿪
Сʱ㹻ˡ
͵ؽһѣȥҲѣʹǵޣڽڣ߲ϵҲѹƵ˼£ƾԼĻ޷߲ͨŻӶ뿪ġ
רŵĵطܿŻ
ǽ޵£Ȼϡ٣ҲûУרĵޣᵽǹΪһλ޽ھͻῪͨĵŻֻҪһǮ뿪硣
Ȼֽʽͬģ㲻ǽϲԶ֮ʹνΪܽǱ뽣Ļ̫ˡ
ѾǮҲûգ֪Ĭ˲࣬õϳ͵Ⱦͨˡ
ȥٻء
ûãͳǹǣȻһٷУСʱԶԶ뿪ǹǡ
רѡһĽҰأͣ
Ƶ÷һϤĸоΪ˶Ը׸λطʣҲˣ·ʷݡ
аˣԶ١
Сʱն˷ǰ
ϣȻ᰽ɵˣһ᰽ɵĴϣһ˷죬Ҳ֪Ǵϵ¡
Ȼе㱾£֪ǻЩɲ
ΪŹ֮ƺԤϵǵĵרųţַΪβɡ
޴ʵ˻ǺԥˣϾѵá
˵Ӧ֪ǵĿģʱǿǻһ
ѧᡣҡҡͷ
Ȼʵ
Ϊõģʱֵ֮ĵر
ռıչأջģȷˣռȷʵؾżЩϵȻ̶ϾͲĺԶˣؾżӵ¸ӣӦģռڵȻȴҲ⣬Ħ󷨵תʱ
ȻԶƿʱ䣬÷ʱֵ֮ãһ¥
֮ĽУ̫ٻıʱı䣬Ҳڳ÷ܶදһĵر
ʡ
ϵˣǴĽޣôѧĻᡣ
ɲ㡣ЦȴǸŷ˵Ļ򹨳ʹ˸ɫ߻⣬ǰ׼ȷ
˺ķ̡ܷ
ҲᣬϿǷ۷壬ԶǿʣҲû㣬ڱƵ
ʵϣ˵ʵȷʵҲԶʹѹȫ֣Ҳ˶֣Ǳ
һ¶ޱʣء
Ȼϣȴûа㾪ʧ롣
װģЦȴϵĽһ㶼ں
ţûгɳʱҲС
֪֪׸λطʵģʱҲŰطʵƵ
׸ľطʣɫһ䡣
˵᰽ɲҲ˷Ĺ
׸ľط֮ȻҲİ
˵硣ô²˶УȴûΪǷɱģϾʱķʵ̫λطȣ
׸ΪǶԷ׷ȣʵߡ
ƭңϽŷ۾ͼҵҵ仯
ѵǣҲͣȻвţȴҲĽ˲١
λطʣǶСܶ࣬ˣҲʱܱȵġ
ٸһܡЦе
ЦݿĴϺ޲һƽ֮ãӿǿҲоȴסеĳ嶯ʵʲôܡ
ʵҲǽޡ
⻰һϺ͹϶ǻһһӦƭˡ
ǽޣʲôЦ
˵ǽޣʲô
Լۣܿѵ̫ϳҲῴ
ɻͷʣڸӦʱȫʻ˶
ģȻĲǽޡ˴ʧɫڸо˻ţǰķһӱޱ
ĶԸһڵĽޣɵλҡһ䣬˱ߣǾһ׶ûˡ
ǽ޶Ϊǽޣ֪ǲҲ˿ֲʵ
˵һ䡣˾彻ӣЦ֮˵ô࣬Ϊǣˡ
ãӡ
ĵɥ֤һµûˡ
Ҷġ
ѾΪΪµĵˣص˼㡣
ϸŵƨһʼǾͱŪڹ֮ϡ

ЦȡһŷŽıֲֽ
顣
оϢϻͷһۣʱŽֽҲһ˳
ðף˵ĲǼٻ
ʵɱǣ飬ÿһŵܶʮطۣȫɱΡ
ʱҪ룬ȴ̫ˡ
~
һɫĴϷɳһâƵ飬ԣıһĻĻֲֵĳ֡
·ħ㸲
Ϻ͹ϸӲͱ鱬˽ȥ˲䱻ɱ
ڣŰȥ󣬷Ӱֳ۵ֱһѪɫһӱĲҰס
ɱǧ˰˰١
Ĺ޲ģȻҲӲеڵĻ־ܵ󲿷ԷʵϺ͹һҷˡ
ںѩʱȴǺϲ١
Ҳû취ģʵĻǶ֣òóһЩƣʹֱܱúãҪǴĻͱѣ˼ҵĵ̣ؽǿҲǶ֣Ѱ·ˡ
˵С౶ҲûôۣҲûɣʹ˷֣ʱҲ뿪ˣֵðһԡ
Ҫ
ΧĴӶԲڶһˣ⻹ڽ磬ѹƵĽڱĵطƻˡ
ûҵ飬ٶ뿪ǰصǹǡ


1499
ǹǡ
ʱûĶǹҲûٴеķӦ
ˣûиӦңԶʮطۼ𹥻
չԶԶȲĳּ֣ϾͻᱻӦͬʱɳȥ̽
Ǽȿʮط۵ָǹǺԶǸպʮطڸŻһʱֵļʣίʵǲߡ
ڷأλҲû˵ʲô
һ˾ͱǹĸϣһλ޿ͨĵŻ
תط
λޣϾжϳľʵûʲô۵ĵطڵؽ磬Ҳһͨţڽ磬ȴݵλߡ
ûʲôۣ˳ľ뿪˽硣
ϲԶ֮ӷɨȴûзκ쳣
鱬µĺۼֱպű˷֣һλʮطۣжϳһģǽ޵
Ȼţʼ̲֮ʱ뿪ˣҲѻɵͷϡ
᰽ɡ
Ϻ͹һ̣᰽ɵʯ飬ʱøص˾ŵ˼㣬䰡
Ϣһʱ䴫ƽƽ֪Ϻ͹ҲǴʧɫ
æȥݼۡ
飬鵽סʹʮطۣĴ¼Ҳǲݡ
Ϻ͹ϣǰߣ᰽ڵĵλͲ˵ˣؼۺƽ̻뿪᰽ɵĿġ
᰽ɵӴת᰽ɵӰǺε֮Ҫһ£ò˼죬ܿ죬һϢѡ󣬴
ٹǵһλ̫ϳȥˡƽ̳
̫ϳϣ᲻Ĭйأԥ£ƽ˵Լ뷨֮ǰҲвӣ׸λطʣҲ׷ɱĬʱ䣬ڴϺ͹ȥҵĳĬһɣǵӦҲǳĬԵʡ
ֻһҲͰˣƽ̻룬ؼ׸ǰ
һɺϣ˵ĻɺϵĿԾͲˡ
أ˵ͷǻСˡ
ѹԸ᰽ɣвƺҲǺġƽҲǻȻ
Ը᰽ɣжٻЩȴǶЩ
򵥰ڽ뽣ʲô۳
Ĺܺò飬ڽ뽣ǰûʲôĵط
ǣ뽣磬ǿ֮һ˵ͻʲôҲǲܡ
ǰһǼ꣬ںӱһһ⣬Ŀбӣһλ߿ȤҪרĳ̶ȣԱγ֣ˮȵȣ޷λģ߱򶯣ǰȥͷ¡
£ӦҲ˵λ߾ǽһλϷʥλʥ£õһִУȻʥһͨ˵ȴļӴ𣬴һ񻰡
꣬Ƿ׽ڵĴʦ
ƽͷ
ڽ㣬׽ڵʦڹͺҲӲϣҼҪҵλʥȴʼδԸ
׽ڡƽ𺳣ǿԶ᰽ǿɣ䴴ʦʵɲ⡣
̫ϳ˼ǣĬҲõĴƽ̴ʧɫ
ǺǣҲǲ²ˣϾԳĬУҲдһǾ˵ĳɳٶȣԼʮط۵ĵƣе㻳ɣ㲻ǵõʥĴУҲ϶Ļ۵
Էʹõģǽ˵ûô롣
Ͼû
ңǵõʥĴУʥͨʲôûɵģֲûбڡ
֮Լɻ䣬ұ¶Ϊ̫󣬻ûɳʥǱɱ֮С
ǶԳĬ
վɰɣҲָһЩ飬ԳĬԺɾ;ԷǷ׽񣬴Ϻ͹Ͼȡһλ̫ϳϽ͵ģ£͵ûзɡ۵
᰽ɱֳĬҲǲ֮Ϊɰеһ

ġ
˸ڣ˷ֵ
ĵĵص㣬Ȼںڰ½۹ģҲ޷ؽھĵĸݵȡ
취ز˴硣૵
ֱӴ͵ڰ½ȻԪǻԪǣշתصؽ硣
ģΪ˴ӽ
ʱҲصؽ磬׼Ȼʱ䣬֮һԲõȻǲ˴硣
صߵؽףҪ뿪Ļز˴磬ûôˡ
ͨĵŻģȴû½ꡣ



1500 Ԫ½
ھռĴ½Ϊ򽣴½
Ҫ뿪ģֻͨĵ޻ȥ򽣴½ϣȴûôףΪ˵صģ󲿷ֶǽˣȥĵصҲڽ磬żбˣҲԶ磬ȫϷҪ
κһ磬ܼѹƵռ䣬߲ϵ
һ㣬ͱռˡ
粻ѡҪҵģֻԶ֮ĵޡ
ҪģǶľĵޣ磬ľģǵؽ磬Ÿ磬Ĵ磬ҲһĵޣȽ١
ţڵǵӦÿصݡ˼
Ǻ󣬷˽⣬ȫµĸ߶ȡ
ʱ֪߲ǺεҪأԸ߲̽Ҳûֹͣģ֮Ŭ֮࣬Զ
麣Ϊ֪ǣǱɽһǡ
ʵϣ麣߲̽ҲڽţŲٳɹֻЩûдԷǰĳ۽磬֪ǰˡ
ھģؽкڰ½򽣴½ʮ󶥼綼ռһĵ̣ԴΪԾĽ̽
֮⣬Щǿĸ߼磬ԶԶûжھҲԼ͵̡
ǵطԪ½عص֪
֪ص㣬ʱҲȥˣϾھĵȴ޷ȷ߲ʵ̫ˣʹʮ󶥼ϵĶ֮̽ȴҲĺԶޱ޼ʵĵںڰ֮С
߲ĺ֮أԶԶûд
ҡҡͷջ򽣴½תһȦһݵͼ֮ӡԺٽڵǿĵͼҲ֪ˣԪ½λá
еԶҪ²ܵ
ܿ죬뿪򽣴½۸Ŀĵء
Ǻڰ½Ԫ½򽣴½ΧǱ̽ĵԷڵʵֻҪܿЩ̫ǿıǲʲôΣյġ
һ߸·Ҳһתط󣬽Դ̫֮ٻ
̫ٻȱһɹҪıԴ֮ƽ̫ٻĵرıʣһ̣ȻҲȥ
ʱţº
һӴĴ½ڷǰ
Ԫ½̧ͷǰĴ½ڵĳĬݣӦʱʧˡ
૵
Ĭܹĳ֣ᱩ¶
̫ٻͣط󣬷ϸڰ׽֯Ĺâ
â䣬һ޴ֳ̡̳
΢ѹ֮ߵ̶ʱΪľ漴ĺڰ׹âޡ
~
һһųĬĴ֮ʧȥԴͷϾҪɢ
ɢĻƱٲܰݳĬˣʹȥ磬ϵҲʱĳĬ뽣ĳĬྶͥȻ
ѹ
ͺһ̻ɵĺڰ׹âһµֳһӾѹס֮ߣɢ
Щ֮ҲҵԴͷ㣬һµ̡
ա
Щ֮һµ̳뷽ڣʧˣǳһ
µ̱ԭС౶޷ڷΨһãѹ֮ߣ÷һܼʹá
ڿȫԸˡ¶֮ɫ
̵Ĵڣʹ޷ʹ򷨲ֵ״̬ʵ۷壬С̣ȴӰֻʹãҲ÷ģȥת
״̬ȫ£תвСķա
ָ˱Ŀ󣬷ҲûмŽԪ½ñľ΢ıò󣬲ŷɽԪ½
Ԫ½ǡ
ҲԪ½ĺˣڴˡ
Ԫ½ʮ߸߼ģÿһ߼磬ĴǿǣͷģҲǿһԪ磬½ҲԴΪ߽ǣͬʱԪ½ҲǸͷ
ʮ߸߼磬ʮ󶥼֮⣬ǿĸ߼ˡ
ʮ߸⣬½Ҳбĸ߼ʹԪ½ԽԽǿȻԶԺͺڰ½򽣴½ȣȴҲھĽվ˽Ÿڱĵıϳȥ
ЩԪ½߻ӣڶ࣬ҪҵһʵѡȥȴҪࡣ



1501 
ǡ
ڽͷϡ
ĳ˵ǺŲƵĵطͬ罻ڣֻûжˡ
ЩȤҲֱۣǵĴ͵
νĴ͵רŸ˵ġ
ĵͻ졢麣𣬵޽麣ʱλģÿζһʱλǹ̶ģڽʱȴۺǰߵص㣬һʼĽ̶ڸһĴۺ󣬿ԸĻһΡ
͵ĵޣǰѽĵλã̶
͵ܴ󣬷߽ȥ󣬾ܿһչ̨ηֳһÿһ򣬾ǵ޵Ľˡ
ɨһۣЩڣȻվһˣ󲿷ȴôǿЩڣվŵ޶ǣһŮ
ǲ⡣
ÿһο߲ŻĶǼǲصΪһ˿Żݵλߡ
϶ǵһʱ䣬˶Ժ󣬲ŻῪһΡ
Щľ޲ŲרŴֻڿ֮ղŻᵽǹǵλһģǵͽܻʹһ
ҡҡͷǰȥѯ
һȦ÷ЩʧǣһҲҪȵһºĲŸտŻãҪϰҲٶȿ
һҲǺܾáڷ׼ȥһңʱͻȻһӰŷ첽ӽ
ţüͷ΢壬תʱһɽӵߵǰ
ٺ٣Сֵܣҹ۲һˣ뿪Ļȥɣɽӿŷ¶һȻЦݡ
ǣһ
ҽﷶģûʲô⣬͵ҲҪȵһº󣬲һ·뿪ģΣҪҪ룿ﷶž⣺ģǮҲԹЩһߡ
졣ЩĶУܾ뿪ģȻٺòãȥ
ﷶ߳͵һڣһĿĵ۾Цһһԩ
ǺǣԼļҲֲ˱ˣƫƫа͵ȫġһ޲ΪȻ
˶Է⣬ûгѡ
ﷶܿԪ½ﷶóһۣ˳ųԶٷȥҪȷʵߣʹĽϡ
㲻ڴ͵ǺǡЦ
ֲһ֪ˡ
͵ЩˣȻ۸񰺹ҾҪϲʱ䣬ʤڰȫбϣǽģپЩèˣһķգҲνʵֺγᵣı˵壬ҲΪԷǳԼģϾǸոսԪ½֮ǰ¶ģǳĬݣûôʱרôһ塣

ˡͣﷶ뷽֮˳
СֵܲҪģǲԪ½ʮ߼Ұˣ봫͵Ҫ˵̫̣ۼߣҲרЩ⣬˳Ϊ֮Բûѽ㣬Ļ͵ﷶ͵ƺķɡ
޷
ҡҡͷ
˺ܿ͵˽㸽жʮ˵
Ŀһɨʱڳ˾۵ס
ϷﷶжʮˣﷶһģֻˣĿӶͷһ
ʮ˵ʵҲǸͬطкüҲط
෴ﷶȴطʵȻ˷ǵľҲӦķŵ͡
ˣ׼ȥɡһӳһλľޡ
ˣ㣬м±ϻȥߣǸһǴֺαˡһλط
ӵ˵ͷվ뿪ĵŻ
Żһɣλط̼ɴĴ˹ȥæϣӡﷶ˶¶֮ɫ
ҲǴŻʹ뿪ġ
һƧƽԭϣһŻ߳ʮˡ
뿪ˣǹطѹƵ̫ǰطһڸ߲ͣʱԽųľԽȻԪ½ξĵų⣬˭һֱ
ҲǷ׷¶֮ɫ
һλĿİطֱӳ֣׼̥Ĥ뿪ڵ磬Ȼ𾪵鷢ˡ
ȫ֣Ȼûл̥Ĥ
ô£
⵽
޷뿪Ҳ׷׻ˣæȥﷶˣȴѾԶԶĶ˿ȥ
ӭλ硣
ʱһֺأ˶쳹



1502 һ֮
硣
˵ɫˡ
磬˵ľϳ˵˵ݡ
˵˺˵ĳͬ𶯣һ֮˭
ˣˣȻƭ磬군ˡ˶ɫҰףûǴﷶ˵Ľ㲻Ԫ½жɣǿԼﷶ˵ʵίʵǿļŸϻȥҲûзϣԸһģһԼأϾ˲٣ƭֵĿչ鲻
ʵϣǵݣһĸ߼Ҳκβǡ
Ԫ½ʮ߼Ҹ߼磬ǣʮ߼Ҹ߼磬ǲԻģĸ߼ɱǵģ֮٣Ȼҵǣеһ
磬Ȼü
֪߼磬ΪԷǿ󣬶ǳ
ڵ˿ɹƭ޶ڸ߲ڣ˻һ򾡵ӣƫƫǵʵǿֺ֪֮Ĳȥǿ磬רһֱڵڡ
ЩҲ˵֪ôһ󣬶ʱо
û뵽ԼȻ֮
ٺ٣Щ͵ɡﷶԶԶվں棬ֻ
Щһʵһ·ûǺɫڻصԼĵϣԷľȻĿ⡣
ץסǡ
һλطҪץסﷶҪЮȻ֪ûЧȴҲûѡȻҪʱͻȻĴꡣ
Щϣ˸оһӳǵУԶ
׹Էǵǰѹǡ
׳գԳ֣뷴ﷶЦмĿˣǿϵ⣺ȰǣֵǮｻһˣΪūͣҪǵ
롣һλطŭǵĽôΪūͣ֡
ɲǡ쳹գţǰһϿ۳һֻյĴ֣
һ̣·ձֲ˼㡣
磬ܵλȾطʣԶܵġ
ġ
ҡҡͷ
˵һ־磬ҲúͶԷ
̫ٻһն
ɲǼ䣬ǰһգ޾ɨķءһ죬˵ɢţȽȽĴ͵µĴ֣ǰѸ߽⡣
~
綼ζⲻǴǷĺ硣
缴ʹһ֮ҲǷڵĳ̶ȣڷȫ֮ϵĴǰֿסȻ׻ٵ磬ǽ֮ȴ׾١
˭
дžŵ쳹λʱȴѾʧȥ˸߸ϵĴݺƽǳ˾š
ﷶˣȫˡ
ɵĿŷ
ȥôǿҲﷶ˷İѷԭ֪ھȻ˿ֲ˶Ĳ
~
ȥλǵʵܶԸġ
ãŹ
Ҳûȥи˺ڰ׽֯Ĺâ
ǰδеΣλȫԼ˺ԼֲֿвУȴ˿ɣΪκһط֣Ҳ̡
ζԷʵǿҲܶȥ
ǣλϱŷλһĶһȻֲֿΣȴû˿ˣʱԽԽǿҡ
ɡĮ֮
̫ٻ̧𣬱֮ǰҫ۵ĹâȻųԼ󣬷ȫԸ֮³Ĳ޼᲻ݵĽ⣬ǷصĳȺ
ҫޱȵ̫𣬾̫ѹȥһʱ䣬ؾ㡣
ֲޱȵĹâ̺ŷһеĸ£磬һ䣬ܿҫҲܸܷܵٻĵĿ¸£ȵĹâ˵۾ä
¡¡¡¡
綼һζгһ޴Ŀն׹·շ˱ؿѣĿĵľ޴Ѻۣҽð˳ƬƬĺˮɺԡ

⺳ĺǰĽ޴ɶ㣬ܿͱ˳޾ĹΧҽŻΪҽﷶˣɢ
أɽ󺣣һ֮ڴˡ
˶Ŀɿڴ
ѵ˵ǣʮطۡһλطãŻعη
ûмʮطۣҲ֪ʮط۳ֵǵĿУʮط۱Ǵ˵еһĻֺҲֻʮط۲аɡ
ջ̫ٻ
һ֮ȴûôˣ޾âȻ硣
ɱ޹֮ˣҲûôྫȥֱ˭˭һɱĽԼﷶ׶ˣ˲أһȴ˵ıԴꡣ
һ߼˵ȴپһΡ
ԺҪ֮񣬾ûôˣطδסҲǱΪһ
ǷһĴ磬ȫӵ֮
һУһֿ̥Ĥ뿪ڸӦ˴λúһʱʧ



1503 ڤ
һߣЩͬƭγѡ
ǿɲ֪Ĵ̶ȣҲһ̶ͣˣ׷Ҫ̥Ĥߣûֹ£ǵʵ뿪ûġ
պ
Ŀĵ硣
ӳ֮⣬ǰȥ̥Ĥǲڰ㣬ǴûãһշֵĵطǿߣȻûһ˷ǵĵ
ȻͽйأҲɿ˵ǿ
ӣһȥͨͨûκγ֮ڵ˶ҲҲ֣һĮǰȴ쳣ۣΪģһ˫۾ֳһƬ࣬καɫ
ӵĿɨܣи𵭵⣬һɲǣϵҲǱļΪԶ
գͣڷʧĵطĿ䣬ƺܸңԶľ룬磬ΪңԶĵط
ôƽӵһջĿ⣬ѯʵ
ҵڤȻųܿ磬ҲҪԷµĺۼλµĺۼ࣬Խҵǣṩĺۼ̫ˡӵЩеڣӸ߲׷ҲʵԺܱǸҲλá
ƽӵЩΡ
ǲṩµĺۼǴӵ̫죬Դӵ뿪ؽ󣬾ҲûгֱֹǰȷھĵԪ½
ñľеαװȻǿߡ
ҵڤڸ߲磬ûô;
ƽӿЦһµĺۼʱԽãüֵԽͣڣ磬ȷֵģֻˣϧֻһ㣬Զҵ

ҪӣʵǲװȽľģĳɳٶȡƽ̾˿һٶǰŸתʵǸո̤طʣôʱ䣬һʱĵޣɫļҲתûã󲿷ֻתϣȻȴѾɳ˵ز
Ŀɨ磬ƽеľ
ĸ߼磬ȻһָǶ̶̼죬ԶӰ죬ҲƽӺӣԷľһ֪
룬ò˶̤꣬ʮط۵ĲˣʱҪɱѣٳϼ֣һµʥͻᵮˡ
ֿµĳɳٶȣ˾ηվڵжԵϣҵǺ뿴ߵһƽ̾
ҪΪʥôףĺԶӵԿݵЩʥٽļλʥԣ޲Ǿòߵһ
ҪŴܳɾʥת滹ΣԽÿһٶԽԽ£Ҫ׼۵ʱҲԽȻûʥľתƿҲҪʱ䣬ϣɾʥѵҲ᣿
ô˵һΪʮطۣҪɱѶȾͻɱƽӽ͵ԣҪֻҪ磬ȻԽԽСҲԽԽֱ޷ܡ
̫ˣؽıֺܵλĻѰһὫĳɳٶȻ㱨ȥףµѪǲˡ
ǵ£ֻˡӺʼ硣
Ȼâͻֵ磬µ˵ģһΪʮط۵ʵһء
ûôţڵʵӦûʮطۣСĴ磬ȷʵܱһ𣬳ƵǶԽ֮ƽ˵Ҳ̶ˣһô򵥵ģȻ类һ꣬ǸԴڣҪһͻ⵽ķɣϾǿ漰ٺ٣ʮط۲֮ҪӸԴϳ׻ٵһ磬ϵĽ֮Ĩֻʥܰ쵽ˡ
ƶǶ
ģһ˫ڤۣʵûʮطۣƽӿȥۣȴһλʮطۣʶȻࡣ
뿪ɣԷжҪ²ˡƽӵ
˵ӰѸʧ

˴硣
ƾ˴֮ϵڸһۺֱԾ
ڶ磬ڸ߲޾գȴȫû⡣
٣ķ𣿡վһľĺԣζԼնһ
һΪɱĽڶԷܳһ˷һǳȥģӴӲһ硣
Էı⣬ȻϣܽԽԽá
Ȼײ֮Уһʹ֮꣬һκ󣬷ȴоķɣǹ֡
Ȼ򵥰૵
ʹǲ˴ĽһΪϵĵһ˽˴һһľһָоԲ˴˽⣬û漰ΪʵĲ桭
һطʣԶɼƻˣʮطۡ
⿪սĻʮط֮սһϣ᲻Ὣ֮׻ΪԭٵĴж٣ٷδŹ
Ǳˣỳɣʥµ
ǵ״ӣҲоطʵʵȴû˵Ľ
ʣʥû´Ľ˵ûҪ
ζĳ֣Ҳ÷һ㡣
ֻǣɽ
ҡҡͷջڵʵ޷ʵΪǿܼʶΪʵĵط
ڵص㣬̫ٻȻת



1504 
˴磬һƧĴδ½ϡ
һµĴʯоŸλžҫ֮Ĺâǿ׵Źâеطľĵر
̫ٻ𡢲ֻʱ֮֡
κһĵرڵܸ˴صشڷĿ£ȴû˿йûлٵδ½
ĵرռݴδ½һλط
ʱطŷ澫Լȷƿ£ģ֮ԶԶ֮ǰӴޱȵķȻδ½
δ½ϣ޾ıԴ֮˹ˮӴطšصţ̺Լİΰ
ڴδ½룬һֽųҫ֮ĹâͬպգΧĹâѹȥڹâڲ䣬ƺǿ飬ڣڻţֲĸͬһµĴ
⣬̫ٻ
ǰ纣ıԴ֮ĺˮط棬ռλõ̫ٻ𻺻ţ׳ҲųΪҫ۳ȵĹԡ
ʣδ½˲˴Ľأ˵ڵǿˣʹǰططˣ̼䱻ֲĸ·ٻȻ̫յ̫ٻ£ȴǰȻš
ڲ˴תطԴ̫֮ٻЧĺá۾֮ɫ
û뵽Ч֮á
Դ֮ǲҪӿ˽Ҳط˹ģЧ֮ѣԶԶǰھĵʱ򣬸ǿ˲֪ٱ
ҡҡͷ׿еɻ󣬷Ͽյ̫ٻ
꣬һ͹ˣ̫ٻܴϣĳΪоϲ
ҪĵرΪǺε֮ѣһԭҲǺʱվãҲʮϵ׼֪һʱ⣬ص˴Ȼ˳ϵջ
֮ǰҲطĵرĵȽף磬ȴûڲ˴糢ԡ
ѵ˵ΪԴӣ˼
Ҫ˵˴ʲôĵطֻԴһˡ
Ҳ޷϶
ңһ¡
ȵ̫ٻϣͿԳתˡ૵ľȱ϶淨Ҳ˼ĽطΪҪڶԲҲҪתľ磬ڶطҲǵ˱ļޣ¾㱸ֻǷˡ
۾
ʱţһ
˺Դ֮д̫ٻ䣬ʱ䡣
һӱԴ֮޾ӿطڻ˺ˮԽԽ࣬ͬ󺣣ĵرڣĺˮйȥ׻ٵ˴硣
Ȼĵر޾ˮеľ̫ȻǼΪҫۡ
ͻȻ
鼰δ½󺣣Ȼ䷢˾˵ı仯ɱԴ֮۶ɵĴ󺣣ʼ
ں׼˴Ҫ󺣡
͵۾ΧȻȫǺˮȴ˿Ӱ첻ж󣬷һʱϷ̫ٻ
ʱ󺣣ÿһ䣬ÿһط˻ɫɢŹâ͸£ͬһƬ޴ޱȵĻ𺣣ô󺣿ʼڡ
һбʵԴͷ̫ٻ
ҪʼˡһҲǲǿҵڴ
̫ٻ𼴽ͬʱҲ켶ֿȣԶ֮ǰΪ켶ĵرȻ켶ĵرǿڵؼĵر֮ϣӽߵĵرǿڡ
Ӱ켶𣬽켶һĿԽɱ䡣
ᣬͬʱеģ֮һ
ڷĿУԴ֮γɵ󺣾ҷţ̫ٻķ£Ǳȼ㣬ʼȼ
һ˲ط
ңңδ½Ѿһ޴Ļ𺣣Է̫ٻ֮ϵĸӦڷž˵ı仯ԽԽǿᣬڴȼյʱʼֱ
̫ٻ˼ʱϣȽȽһ̫
ԶԶ֮ǰĴ۹âҫ͸طһʱ䣬˴ؾ㣬޾֣ò۾
Һҫģǹâûжɱ˲˴Ȼţȴûдҡ
ȵҫһĹâȥܿΧʱ̳Żȥʱסˡ
ȼյĻϷһֻչ衣



1505 ڽ
ڡ
ŻϿչ񣬷ͷ˳ǽ侲ȴǺܿ췢쳣
̫ٻĳɳͻƵߵĵرδز㣬ִ˵޵̬
ǲڡ
ڵ̫ٻһǻĺԶҷҲע⵽ֻڵģЩãʵģûǰ㣬ھ֮ϵơ
ڽУֵ󡣡˼
ӵؼĵرԽ켶ĵرһ޴ӽԴ̫ٻĸԴǽڡ
ûн
ܸоûɽڵ̬̫ٻٶʹԴ֮γɵĴ󺣸ӾҵȼΪ޾ա
ǣֽȻ
ʱ̫ٻеģĵرĽ
ܻѾȫ̫ٻıˣȴǲ岻ֻ֣һԿţзչûгԤϡ
ͻȻ
һ쳹˴磬˶ǴĵУ󣬷ͿڻϰĽڣȻ䱬޾Ĺâͻ棬һž޴׵Ļ򣬳طԼҡֱϾ졣
һ̣ڲ˴һ䣬ܿһֳޱȵ̫Ѹ𣬹â鼰ÿһ˶һֻȼĸо
Һãֿµĸоתۼţûɾ޴ҡֱϵľ޴ҲǺȻײ˲˴̥Ĥһͷ˳ȥԴӣޱ޾Ĺӵʱ޴û
á
һ
û뵽̫ٻȻᴳԴ棬Ҫ֪ǿҴĴڡ
˴ȻԴӣƴֿɼȻȴһζûгȥΪԴӣ½һ۵˻Խ𣬼ʹоطʵʵҲκ
ԴеǸΪ߲
÷˿ǣûиӦ̫ٻ𱻴ݻٵļ󣬷ԴӺԶ֮ǰٶ׳
ȵȣǰҲԴΡ󣬷һ
Ҳĵر̫ٻҲǡ
ѵ˵ԴеĵرĳɳҲм棿뱾Դ֮ʲôϵ˼ޱߵĹ䣬ƺǿһȫµ
û˼ã̫ٻԴҲû̫ͣʱ䡣
Ǻܿ켳ȡ㹻ûãһԶ֮ǰӴ»ص˲˴磬һα鼰أ˷Ӧǰһͷȼŵ󺣡
ڻ뺣һ̣ǰδеٶȼ̺ޱҲ˲䱬
~
˴ľУʧֻһѹ
Ͷɽ
ˡ
ϲһУɵ񽣷˹뷽һΣ˴ʱζֹɽǬױȵ
Լߣ̬ԭ̫ٻʮƣȴӵĻɫĻƣӽĲλһֱ쵽γһֻػ
޼᲻ݵķâ͸ʹǾطԣеľڷһ䣬ԻޣǱƽƽͬһ洦ɼķڷһ󣬱仯ģޱ߷âɽӱɫ޹⡣
ããá΢ԵĽ÷һ˵֣̲סá
ɵ񽣣ĻҪɫͬʱ߱ĵرص㣬ҲǾ˫
ΪҪǣ񽣣˷ǵ޻ǽ޵طֻ֮أչֳһ㣬ʲôҪ
ʺԼģõġ
ǰ̫ٻ𣬽ǰ켶𣬿ڷȴǳ֮ǿĵر뷽߶ϵԵʣܶʮط۵ĵޣþ켶ĵرҲʮ켶ģЩʮ켶ģʺǣʹúʵ
ϸ˵ǰ̫ٻȻʺϷ㲻Ȼ֮ȥߴ䣬ϵĵڴʹӦʹոɵ񽣣ޱϷֱ۵졣
Ժ󣬾Ͳٽ̫ٻˡ񽣣૵
̫ٻ֣޷չص㣬Ͼɹ󣬾Ͳǵĵرˡ
ͽڽɡһ˼ȷ֡
ԴǽϵĽ·÷벻õѡ
֣ԭǷȡ˳Ĭ׼õģʱ̫ٻĵرȴʵˣڽ֮
ǸӦ˷⣬ڽ͵һ£漴ǻָƽ



1506 ׷ɱ
ڽɹ󣬷˰ʱ䣬ӦʵԼ״̬Ϊת׼
ϾٵܣʹмİգҲ⡣
״̬ﵽ۷壬ռ䣬ǰ߲Ż
һܣѡص㣬ҲǸ߲硣
תתת׼ڸ߲ڶȹ߲ĺôǾ޴ġ
ȣڸ߲٣ʵżĺôתʱ򣬾ӵʵҲھĶȹתĹڡ
ΣҲҪһ㣬߲ڶ٣Ϊת¸ΪʵĻ
ȵת߲֮˼̶߳ȵںϣͬģҲ˼ʵĻʱҪʼתԼܣ°빦ˡ
˵Ϊʹþתĵ·ߵĸ˳
ʥҲϣÿһߵ
ΨнÿһĻ覣δĳɾͲŻߡ
תŴܣԷֳ֣һתûʲôգǻеĻΪԺȫȹٴתǿʼ٣ÿһ٣߲֮ļײЩײУ֮ܣ߲ıԴĸ͸Ϊת߰˾תǰĻϣʽ֮·ˡ૵
߰˾תǲڸ߲ڽеġ
ڸ߲ٵҲӦǿǺ٣ԽԽ߰˾ת٣ǰȫͬնѡڸ߲ڣ϶Ǳɡ
ˣٻ̫ʱٵײм֮⣬߲ıԴ֮أϵĳɰܡ
Ŀֱָ꣬ʥȻЩؼͶȡɡ
תʱھģתѡڻɡûôԥ
߲粻ָ£˭˭Ҳûʲô
ܿ죬ͿͨŻȻڷһ̣Ȼһ䣬оһ֮ϡ
á
ͷȻǴŻ˻졣

޾գһڳϡ
棬⣬ΧһЩˡ
ôãЩʵѪˡƽһĲˬ뷨ÿһ죬ʵпܷ仯ԽԽöԸӦ¾ģʧǣЩȻǵһ࣬¶˾ġ
һʱ䣬ϣʵûͻԵı仯ɡ
ǺǣҿǶˡӲЦҲǾطʣϣҪǰһжѣҪǧ꣬ʱƣŵҲһӾбʵı仯
ˣûһǧ꣬Ҳˣʥʷų˼ʥͲڸٳɳڣԳ֮ƽӵȻϣǶˡ
ҡҡͷûٶ˵ȥƽһóһյͭŵƣһȼţȻ΢ȴʼղ
յͭŵһΧ˶Ǿһ񣬸оɢ˲٣е籾ʣ΢չһ㡣
ƽơΧУһ˻𣬿յͭŵƣо̰
˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ̱ޱȳȡ
ûֱָ籾ԴƽơƽӵһҾͻƽƣƳڸ߲϶Էڣʱڤλá
һ䣬ȴǶ˵ġ
ƽƶóȻѪˡӵһصͷ
ûеڣһλá
ڤµĵطֻҪжԷһۼܴӸֱ߲ǰΪеڣ׶ȥһ;ֻ˶ΣѰҸĺۼ
촩ֻۣҪһܴ̾󵽷λãɱƽָָŵۡ
ȥۣʵǸΪߵȵ촩ۣ˲ԽΪңԶľ룬Ŀĵء
ٺ٣벻ǷʲôΧŵУЦ
ʼɡƽӵ
һƽӽעƽƣʼշ߶յûãƽϻĻƹ⣬ȥģȴһӹհ˷ʮ磬ҫǧ硣
ƽƵĴĳƽΪʮطۣҲǺܿԲˣƽƷڵƽӵɫԽԽҰס
죬㡭ƽӲߴ١
֪֪Ҳ˺ˮѾȫ߶ڤۣǵڣͬһȻڿɢȴҲ޷ϴ͸
ڡ
ǰʧӵĿһӴ磬˷
ҵˣףǡҪȥ߲硣ɫ䣬Ҳ룬ҲǸµ·γһɫӡƿնȥڷ߲ǰ˷ϡ
ƽ¶֮ɫ׼ֹͣƽʱͻȻһŭ
~
ƽɣ׷ɳȥصײ˴ϣеƽҲ˳ȥ˵ϡ
һʣԤϣҲ˽ŵվ
ҪšۡƽӼѵվ̲סһѪһҩ¸ϵϢһϲһѪɫ˾ɲɫƽӿЦһǵİɣûˡ
һ죬ƽƽ̲ס΢
ֻƽϵĵȻϨһĿĵѺƽһΪ
ԤϵֽƽӶǾ
ʥ֮ʹңԶ磬һ߶ششƽƣҲ޿κε飬ҪʥǱȻĽ˵ǻϣִһĳˡ
мʥסһ
ˣҪεĴ۰װ׸ȥ׷ɱƽӳӣ˵˸߲磿
ţǻ졣ӿ϶ԵһЦڸ߲ڣҵڤûжٷӵأټҷһ̣ϷӦ˹Ҷŵ׷ӡǣ֤Ӳˡ
ɵúáƽ̲סһ䡣
ӷӦ죬ⷬٶ˼ĴۣҲͰװ׸ˡ
Ȼʱ˸߲磬ǳǵԤϡ
ΣϽ죬׷ɱסƽӳҲơ
Ұɡ
ΧУһվһλޡ
Ϊ׷ɱɹƽӵȻ׼߲ܽĵޣȻҲС



1507 ŭһ
ǡ
ôĵӡ
ڣȻ۾кâǿͷֱ
~
ڲΪ֪Ĳϣ״ݻһĿֲݺײһ𣬾ҽţһУһУȻ˶һУҲһЩ˲
ʦ𣿡
ۡУ̧ͷ¶ɲɫ
αô֮ϣһĵô˵ģʣҲʥɡ
ûҪ󶯸ɸ꣬зִģıֻͽᣬһεˡһ
ʹ˰֣Σǵ
ģȻλʥǵǿҲλʥĶ֡
ܴռϷ磬λʥȴҲûеΣСƺڼɵʲô
Ŀ䡣
Է֣Ӧ֪ġ
~
һ쳹ӵɳƣ˵ֳһѱߡ
ڵִߵһ̡
~
ؽ綸Ȼһ޷޵˲ᴩ˾죬ڼ߲ϳӿȥ׳۵˼㡣

ǵʲô
ʱǵؽڲĶ磬һʥǿ̧ͷ˵ؽڵλá
ߡ
λʥǳ˾ţǵȥ
ǣȴˡ
һɡĮеĲӭջӳ
~
һܣĹâ˲磬ᴩ񷣬˾ʮأɲǼ䣬ܸӦˣ·𿴵ػ
̫ǿ̫ǿˡһԴǱشһȭģ⻹ңң۲ĽȻȴ֮
ǶʦѾٳˣȴһΣеܡ
ǺǣʦʥִѹһЩԼ⣬޵еĴڣ֪˭ıӵʦ𡣡ֻ뵽
úݡƺ϶Ѹʧ
ûʥͶľĿ⣬˲ߣմʮξӨ͸ѪʯÿһѪҺ涼̺Ԩ纣ĿֲԶʤһѪ
Щλʥ۵ľѪҲǽһĴۣҪָܻ˵ʧء
Ҫңͱ븶ۡһʮʥѪʱ
ҲǻΪ⣬»ص˵
һζԷԷʥֵĺۼڣʹƽƣҲδƳڸ߲ϵڣҲΪŭԭˣҲ֣ҪɳֻܿԼ̫Ǻ¡
ǵؽ磬ЩжԵĶ磬˫һĬŵߣΣԷȴǷˡ
λʥɱӺҲΪˡ
ƽӵ˾Բ뵽Щ֮Իԥһʱ䣬᲻ƽƣ֪һˣмĿԵĺŭһ
Ĵۡ
ģֻˣܲܶһ٣ֻܿԼˣ΢΢̾Ϣ

졣
һƯ½ϡ
ػػ죬ȴûгΧһۣĿʵۣ֮Լȥ
ڽһ̣оһ˫ңԶ۾͸Զľ룬Լˣʲôϡ
ûУ
ʵ֮۲쿴ĽǷϺ״ȴţڣȻо
ңȷţǲԼĴ
һҪҳ
總֮ҵҲȥ١
ʵ֮۲쿴޹˵ԷĴڼ𼫸ߣԶһ׷֮аٴʵۣ֮ͬʱԼֻϵĸ뷨ͳͳ˽ȥʵ֮۵Ч
ڣƺƿĳϣһɫͫӡǸڷֱϡ
ɫͫӡǣʱʱ̶̿紫ŷλϢ
ø߼׷ӡǡɫ΢䡣
ֶΣȴָ޷֮ȥֻֻأ֮һʱ䣬ȴ޷׷
Ҳ˵˦δ֪ĵˡ
ʶһ󣬷侲ù
Ȼ޷⣬ȸԷ˭૵ɳĵ·ϣȻв٣󲿷ֶˣʣģҲû
Էͬʱ˵λãҲ
ܿԽңԶľ뿴ˣͷ֪֮ʮа˾Զ磬һųܡ
ǵؽˣܣǻҵǣϾڣҲ᳹ˣҲᣬĬݣڽԶԶƲ룬ȻʩչһȫǴ߶ĵرҲ˿ƣ׷ɱҡ
ųЩܣֻЩϣʥɳĶˡ
һ
Ҫó۲ѣҲ׼
ֻǣǰٺϵıԷҪҲҲᣬ˷Ҳû̫ϡ
ǲϣҳΪʮطۡܿ϶˵ĳ֣Ӧǻˣʶɱ֣ҺܿΪʮطۣԺҪɱңѶȾͻ
ʮطۣʥǿߡ
һΪʮطۣҪɱѶȴһ棬ΪֵǣҪᣬꡢǧָ˾ˡ
ʮطҲǿ֣֮Ҳ֮𣬼ʹΪʮطۣЩǿҪɱҲף༸ֻ꣬輸ǧ꣬ı¸ִɱ˾Եá
ıʵصġ
ԣõİ취ڷΪʮطǰɱ
϶ˡ
ǰɡ
Ц



1508 Ƚ
죬֮ͻȻһŻʮӰƽӵһˡ
׷ŷ˻졣
ÿ޽ĵص㶼ͬҲûиϵ߲ĵطѡн룬Ҳеλ޵Ľ㡣
ôƽӵ˵һʱӡ
û˵ȫĸӦڷϵӡǣڸ߲磬ڤԶûôͨ󣬵׷ӡǣȷλá
ڤµ׷ӡǣûгŵӦһᣬָһ򣺡ǸλãǷǳңԶ
ϵ£ֳԽ棬ԽӽӵԽǿҲԽ߼֮ԽȼҲԽ͡
ָ򣬻Ҫ֮ϡ
֣Ͼһλʥ˵Ŀ⣬λʼ磬˵
ĵصǹ̶ģܽһȫͻƵ쾳ʱ߳ľ롣
ƽӵ˵ͷ
촩ֱӴ󵽷λ𣿡һѯʵ
磬ǲỳɣǣǸ߲硣
ԡƽӳǣҪʱ౶Ҫʱλ
ڤۣ촩ۼʹڸ߲磬ҲȫʧЧȻʱȣ϶Ѻܶࡣ
ǻ죬֮ûԵ麣ֻͬһڴˡƽ˿ǲеĴҡ
Ҫ˺麣谭ҪĿĵиΪǿĶλǣĴ󣬿϶ǲʵġ
ṩλáЦ
˵Ҳ
ǺɣֻҪܴ󵽷λã̾ܽ뵽ϾɣºҲõΪĽǶǳڴ
վڴͷ촩ΧһƣǴǰףʱͻɫ䣺ȣȵȣӡʧˣҸӦˡ
ʲô
亹£߶ڤۣͼӦ׷ӡǣӡûʧǱˣ
ӵɫ쳣ѿ
ոջԿ䣬˵ڤµ׷ӡǣûгھͳ⣬ڴ
ҲûܳµӡǣΣҳܸӦ׼ȷλáӺ
˶ƽӣжˡ
ʥȻûôöԸؽıǲƽӳ̫Ԥϡ
ӦѾ֪ǵĵ򲻻׷ӡǣӡǣ޷ȥ
ʱ䣬һܸӦæ
šƽӵͷȻˣǾȴȥȻҵȴԸɼѹûжλ׷ӡǣǳ׷
µҲûбİ취ˡ
ң˶Ҳ׼֪Ҫɱôһ϶أ˶ͬƽӵ⡣
ʱȻʧȥ˷׼ȷλã촩۴ĵص㣬뷽һƫҲ̫Զȫܸʩѹ
ٺ٣죬߲磬ֻ˵ƽЦһ
촩Ǵˮ㣬û֮Уʧ

ţ
ӸӦ׷ӡǵʱ򣬷͵һӦ˹
Ǹ׷ӡǾҪѷΣȻڰ׹â֯ţڱΧĴ֮ߣͬһ㣬ôͻơ
ĺÿ졣
ţȵȣǾȻֱӴ͹ˣ
ͻȻɫ͵һ䣬ʶ׷ɱ󣬷ʱ̿ʵ֮ۡ
ֻڶ󣬶ڴ֮ϸӵϢҲӵ˼򵥵ĶȻĶϢٺܼ򵥣ǶԷûεˣܴ׷ӡǵĴ֮ϣȡ򵥵λϢ
տʼʱλϢΪģѶȡ֤ԷҪôڸ߲磬ҪôǾ뼫ңԶ÷޷ȡ
ǣڸղţԷλϢһӱ
֤һ㣬ԷԼλãܽ
Ҳԣ˫۾ҵʱ򣬾ǳԶûпٸôҵҸ壬ݾߡѰ˼š
磬Ƕ磬湦취ݷ֪һ淨磬ϢĽĿɱеıôĶ֪
Է׷ɱԼȻ̵ġ
ܴգӦǴ촩ۣҲܳ׷ӡǣҲζʱΣ֮У֮ǰתɫЩѿ
תʱҲǷʱ̡
ɵǸˣ׷ӡǵˡĿ䣬ȸɵԷա
ﲻ麣Ǿģǻ죬Ƕս
麣ҪҵûôףھģֱӴ͵ڰ½عؽ硣
麣Ͳö˵ˣĵĻʺϵ޽ǰεܣҲؽӡ
߲磬ؽӳ̶Ҳͬ
Уӣڰ½ĴھͿɼһߣ麣Ҳеؽĳڣǻ졣
߲磬ؽڻͶ룬ٵġ
Ҳûϵڻվ׼㣬ҪҲǲܣؽˣҲ֪Լ˻졣
ΨһģԼ
ӹɣԷݱȻԶԼ֮ϣ֤ܶԼһɱ
ҪŤתƣҪΪʤɱˡһο϶Լ뷨
ĬһͻȻѭ֮ߵķȻȥ
֪֪ˣս
ڷ֪ģ׷ӡ֮˵һЩϢ׷ɱģֻôһˡ
˽Է
κóȻжġ
׷ӡǱΣСʱڣܱͻƣҵֻأȫһۣһӽԷ׷ӡ˲ӦҪѹƵѶҲұ뿪ܾ
ò˵ֻ淨ʵ̫ˡ
÷Ļݣʮط۶ƣ÷ֻ磬򷨲֣÷״̬ȥϵ
ʵá
꣬ɵʱ򣬷ƾˣ˽䱸ɭϵĿǣɱһλľޡ
״̬Ҳ޵еģ˵ǵ˵ϳǷҲѴȥܿͻĵӶ״̬ǻ졣
Էûκƣ෴˵ǣ
ƽӵվ촩ϣʻš
ڤһԲȫӦ׷ӡǣˣǷֲڸǿϳ޼ɵ˷йš
ıڸӦǵ󣬶ǻŲܡ
ʩѹ
ǵΪʩѹ
Ȼ֪׼ȷλãܿ϶ǾԲ̫ԶܸӦǵһǵĿҲʹﵽˡ
о̵ķֻѡӣһ̶ҷɡ
ȵܸӦ׷ӡǵʱһδ󣬾˴˼ľ룬ĿռԽСԽ׳



1509 λʮط
~
촩۷ɹһӴɽʱǿʱɽķ顣
ƽӵĿɨܿ˿ȥ
ɽ壬ڻ˵ǱȱȽǣûʲôĵط֮Խ飬ΪģΪ˷ֹ档
ǿɲұ֤û
ˣÿһطǶǿѹܣ鿴һУÿһغգĿը£ʹҲزס
û״촩ۻ롣
˭Ҳ֪ɽɽڰ׽֯Ĺâڷתά޵״̬
ƽӵ˵ѹʱϵĺڰ׹âһζţġ
һڰ׹âľϻ״̬ǰ
ȻֻǷԶƽӵѹ󣬷ϵĺڰ׹âʣ֮һ
ɽ飬ȴǰȻ
ǼΪ˲ˣϾѹܵˣǾطʡ
һʹǳ淨ҲǿȵĺأǣֻȴԶһ淨ܱȵġ
ûзԼĴڣ΢΢˿ƳֱɫͫӡǣʱţҪѿҵץʱ䣬ʩչʵۣ֮ˡ
طʣطʣطʡʮطۡɨƽʱ͵һ
Ȼʮطۡ
ϵϢȽ΢ƺˣԲǾطܿġ

Ŀϣһʱȷ׷ӡǵˣҲҪɱĿꡣ
ڤۡ΢΢һ
һּΪµͫһ־˫츳ѹԼᱻҵԭһλڤ۵ӵŲ˽
ϳ˶Է󣬷Ӽᶨ˱ɱľġ
ңҪ졣
ûзӦ׷ӡǣҲܲԼ׷ӡǵΣҲԽԽ΢ʱ䳤˶ԼΪ
ȵȣʮطۣһλʮطۡڷҪ뿪Ϊɱ׼ʱͻȻһ
һڻеӰԶ촩ۡ
ˣȻһλʮطۡ
ԷϵĻۣƺʵЧ÷㿴ۣҲҿʵۣ֮Ҳ޷ֶԷ쳣
λǣλλʮطۡ
ĺЩˡ
λʮطۣû¶棬촩棬Է˵ʮط۵Ĵ֮߶ޱȴ۵ɫԶʵͼΣա
촩УѪĴ߽֮֯Էʵ̫ǿҲóȻȥܴӱжϣԭΪЩ֮߶ǸƽӣϾԷΪۡ
ǣȵڶʮط۹ƽӷɿһξ룬ʹô֮߷䶯Ȼкܴһȴ˿䣬÷˶ߡ
λʮطۡ

ԷȻɳλʮطۣݼֱݳ޵˼㣬ĿĽΪ˶Էһطʡʹ˵ȥû˻Űɡ
ңΪӵǡ
ǻĻֶΡ
ƽϵʮطۣ֧׷ɱˣһֻһλʮط۵ĸоٻ⣬ȴǲ֧棬ûм֪
ʹҲһλʮطۣô뵱ȻĻΪ͸˶ԷĲãٶ롣
ƫƫˣ˶Է塣
Կ϶Ǹ촩ʮطۣһֶθҲҲֻȼֶΣܷ֡
Һһˣ򡭡ҡҡͷ
óȻµĻɡ
ԷλʮطۣΪʥԳ֮Ҳܿɱľġ
ΣǸӱ
λʮطۣϣûκȴᣬᡣ
۾ûпκˡ
۲ʱΪСģλʮطۣĿͣһ룬ⱻǷ˿š
Ľ֮£Ĺ۲죬ûб֡
ţ
ƽ΢΢üĿɨܣȴûзκ쳣Ҳûж롣
ӣȫӦ׷ӡǣоԼ׷ӡ֮ϵǰδеıǿϲﻹ˵ϱġ
ô뵽뷽˽ӽ
ȵԶ֮󣬷վŷ뿪
һθӦ׷ӡʱȻһСʱԺ󣬷ַǽһЩҲûж룬æָ촩۴ȥ
Ȼ׷ӡǺܿǱΣȻֻõһģλá
˫׷ӣʱ̶ڱλá
üΣ״̬ƽӵ˵Ƥӵߡ
ʱţ׷ӡ֮ϵԽԽƵʹ÷ռ䱻һδѹƶҲԽԽǼ֮ʱȴѾõҲڵ



1510 ɱ
߲ɲϣݺύ
Щޱߵϣһߣڵһ䷭ӿ˻뿪Ӻȴǻޱ޼ʵ׳۵˼㡣
ǻڣеĳƽһǷͼˡ
ᣬܿͻˡ
૵
ʱһ޴ʯϣʯǧ׷ԲڷĿ£˿
Ŀ͸ңԶľ룬Զ
֮գһڳۻʻ׷ɱƽһˡ
ƽӵˣȫ촩ϣ󲿷˶ֲڸȫѹΧһУǿ⣬ͼʩѹǷֲķΧԼ촩Ϊĵǧ֮ڡ
ϴ״̬ȴûб֡
ʼɡһ΢µľ޴ʯʱƽӵ˵ķλٷȥ
һ仯Ϊϸ΢ǼԶƽӵһ
ٹʮӣҾͻǲ૵
ʹľ޴ʯƽӵײѰ·ǻѭһĹ켣ǲ
ӽһ̣촩ۣԼǧ
ʱͻᶯ֡
ҪɱӣԷ˵ף״̬µʹ촩۴ԷɹδܷѡǿĻɱӡ
Ѿڣΰȫ롣
Էλʮطۣһ¶ɡ
˵ǧˣûκ壬δɱľ裬ζ֡
ҪɹɱӣҪλʮط۲Լλá
ˣѡﶯ֡
Ƭ򣬴ŴʯдСԲʮڣֲʯЩʯеľֹеĸ˶еĽӽƽӵˣҲеԶ룬켣Ӷ䣬ʯ棬һ㶼ۡ
ƹ켣ʯʮ֮ࡣ
һ֣Է޷ȷʹҪٵʯҲҪʱ䣬㹻ˡ
ΣҲǧ֮⣬ɱĿǾǣ֮
߾֮⣬ɱԷǧ
֮ϣһֱչʹڹĦ˵һĽҲҪܴɡ
ǰ֮һ㣬δԲ
ǣʶ׷ɱ󣬾޴в£ǱʱӲǽ֮һ˴Բľ硣
ⲻǲܵ飬֮ϱ˼ΪĻۣ˺ҲŻϴӴ֮˶ԷλãҲ÷ܴӦ֮ȥǱʵû̫Σգʱ
һԲ֮ܿԽľʹ죬÷Խǧ֮Զɱ
⣬Ƿȴʱ֮һ
һȴʱⲿˡ
Ϊ֮棬ԷȫעҲܷӦĹ˲˵λ촩ڵʮطۿ϶ܼʱ֣ӣǷ͹һˡ
ԣҪһⲿǷġ
ʮط۷ģȻûôףֻǿıϮܰ쵽ɶʵߣڷƿء
ЩӣڷĹ۲£ȴһⲿıʱ
߾߱Ǵɱʱ

ڽϥϣȴһ̵ĵ
ڵڣܲһɱˡŽڽ΢΢Ц
ֻһ֮
ȴǳġ
ڽ죬ﶼԣΪʲôƫƫѡڲ˴磬Ϊʲôڽ֮գ˴ôı仯ɽӱɫ޹⡭
Խڽʩչ֮Ĳ˼飬ԶĵһܣֻҪǷ۷壬ɡ
ǿҲǷʺڰˡ
ջ񣬷ʼ׼ĬĬʱ䡣
ƽӵ˻Ȼ֪Σս١
ͻȻ
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ǰʮһͻȻ䱩߲ɲϣһ˻ӿţһЩˮ𵴳ʱǳ˴ҩ㣬˲䱩ߣ޷ĿֲϷ
ͬձ
ֲֿƣӰ˷ԲƽӵҲ⣬Ȼûܵκ޷ƣעı˹ȥ
мһ֣żֱߵ֮ˮļ롣
ֲֿƣͬʥ١
⣬ǷȴĻᡣ
ͬʱŵľ޴ʯҲǷɵ˾촩ǧһϡ
ڡ
кâˡ
޻֮Уֻ类˳ֻ硣
򷨲֡
бء
֮
ڽ͵ش̳
һ̣һӴʵ縡ֳڽϹâ㡣
~
޼᲻ݵҪ磬ΪһֻڷɣԽǧ֮Զײϡ
޾Ĺâ͸£̱˿
ӦĻᶼûУͱ˽ȥһʱ䱻ٳ˷ɻҡ
ǧ⣬ջ˽ڽƽı۾ʯ촩۲ѭԼĹ켣ѸԶ롣



1511 ѪȽǶ
~
ֲ촩ϳ𣬽Բǧڵʯĩľ޴ʯڡ
塣
״̬֮УԵĹѽ
ԷĹȫǸʽģʹǿʮطۣڷɢôķΧ֮Ҳв
촩ڳģһߣҲصһλʮطۣĳ֣Ҳ˷׷һΨƽӺͻλʮطۣû֮ɫ
ûбըƽӵɫһϺɷʣ졣
һλطԻһž¶Ȼ֮ɫ
סǵĳŵɷʳ䣬һضֹγһӰ
ӰֵɲǣΧһ⣬Ǵ˸оı
ɷʵǿ˸Ӱ㣬ڵӴѪ⡢Ѫȣȫ˺Ӱ֮УڽɷƤǵľɺҲһЩһĵط漴͵ر鿪
ӰϢأƽӵ˶һͣоһεסǡ
ͬʱ
뿪촩۵ķͻһ٣оһϢѭĳֹ켣Լϡ
ʲôһʵ֮Լϡ
ǶԷڴ֮ߣͬʵۣ֮һȥҲǺܿ쿴˶ߡ
Լⷽأϵ
֮ߣĴӿӵϣЩ߲̺֮κκζѹҲ˽˷ַλã˵ȫܰ
ûô򵥡
Щ֮ϣȡһϢ
Ǿǣ޷뿪Ƭˡ
ѪȽǶһȻǵһǴЧϣϾ˳
磬һּΪصط
ãǽ˫һͬһյĽǶǵ˫һ򲻻
ҪһطۺܴҪһλʹߵĿʵ̫Զ˴˼ľҲ뿪̫Զ
ѪȽǶԷ
Ҳ˵ԷȻһλطʣһλǿľطʣγѪȽǶ
֮ѪΪΪǶһγɣ䷶Χͻ᲻ϵ޿ӣֻӭһѪսҲֻһܻһ
û뵽
ҡҡͷԷȻԥһλǿľطʣԤϡ
Ҫ˵ѪȽǶҲ޵еġ
кְܶ취ܣԼʱȫѡ񲻽ӣ֮⣬һԼλҲͱ¶ˡ
ˣͻγѪȽǶһ޷뿪
˷ûбѡ
ݰ
ҪѪȽǶһǷµոºۼһѪȽǶ޷ˣȻԷȻǳ
ҪɱӣȻ֣Ҳ޿ɱĻºۼ
޽֮֡
ҡҡͷûаա
Է׼ķǳ֣жҲڱصãǼ򵥵ܽģ湦취ڶ࣬ҲȫӦˡ
ѪȽǶһսⲻˡ૵
λʮطۡ
룬ľ
Զʹ˳תԶ
뿪ʱҵʵǷʺڣɽڽ־̤˷۷ĲΡ
ԷƱ
ڽɣʵǼ޴ġ
һɱʺڵӣ֤
֮ǵһĳ̶ȣڷڵʵ˵΢΢Ӱ켫Сֻڽڽ£÷һֶֹΣʵȴûС
תӦзʼ޵ʵ
طʷֳɳڡڡڡ۷ͼСΣȰطĲҲԽԿԽ
ˣȻܺ󣬵޵ֳͻͽ֮ƣǣҲ÷Խʼޡ
Ҫһʮط۵ĲΣתȴĺԶϾһΣԽѶȳ
ת淨ĵرܸϣţܽӽʮطۣҪʱĻۺĿǰԣǲʵֵġ
ԷȻԶ
ڻ죬һЩҲ޷ʹá
ֻ̨ڣȻȴҲ޷ѪȽǶһɣҲᱻų⣬ھʤǰǵֻԼ
Ҫ˵ĵطҲûС
ѪȽǶӣ׷ӡ֮ϵԽԽܣҲ÷ԽѹƣĪвѪȽǶס˫ȴ÷б¶ΣգжȽɡ
ҲûһʤϣģҵһĿᶨ
ȽתȻȴʱǾһս



1512 ת
ˡ
ѪȽǶγɣƽӶʱ˿
ȻҶ֣˵λò̫ԶѪȽǶγɣǾ׽ˡƽ΢Ц
ǣǴ⣬ҵʱˡ
ߡ
ɫѿӾƤӵ±ɱѿ֮˻ɣȴԴ
ңӵ䣬ҲǸ鷳
ǿûᱣ˾ˣûиĻᡣ
ֻҪɱ˷Ǿܽƽ˵
ʥʥ󣬾ȻǵƤӵɱˣҲǵҺ׼㡣˴Զ˹ʵѪȽǶ볹ױպϣҪã
ƽӱ۾ꡣ
ѪȽǶһ﷽ԲÿʮٶױպҪҡ
û취λʮطۣһˣ̫γɵѪȽǶҲǳ󡣡ƽҡҡͷε
ѪȽǶĴС˫ʵԽγɵѪȽǶҲԽһıá
뷽Ĳ֮ȻǲԶ
ˡ˵ĵطһۣʵӦǷ۷壬ʱ䣬жٱ仯
˶ǵͷ
ѪȽǶһγɣζŷˣû˻һ㡣
˵ƶƽӵˣȫըΧĵط֣Ͳ˷ʱˡ
ʱԶˣȻһ

꣬㹻ˡ
ѪȽǶγɺصϢҲǽ˫ԺҲ֪ˣԼʱ䡣
Ǹ߲磬ǵ޵
΢΢Ц
߲ˣܵų⣬ųʱԽԽǿǶǡԪԳһĵطܸ߲ų⣬α겻αֻҪڸ߲磬һ뿪ǵȵأ֮ǰųϾͻή١
ʥһĴڣʲôʥ£Ƿе޵дڣⲻˡ
⡣
˵ղں֮ĵޣһЩŴͬʵ£ڸ߲ͣʱԶ˳
յĻǵڰ˼֮
ֻҪԸ⣬ڸ߲ͣʱ䣬ԶԶǰ
ʱ䣬Ӱ첻ֺ߲ųⶼή٣ͬԼĵ̣Ƿ
Щˣھųʣ¶ʵ
ʮ棬ֻһλޣǵ޵ʵһ㣬ٲñų⡣
Ȼ߲ų⣬ǿտʼų⣬Ӱֺǵȵȴۼӵһĳ̶ȣԶǵʵС
ϾλʮطۣҲǷ۳ڰˡ
Ƿǿߣôʱ䣬ԶԶ٣۳ڵĻȴǲࡣ
˳£ȫ޻ᡣ
Ȱɡ
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ڲǿսĺʱʱţԻᵽ
ԲһĽǶϷʱܽ״̬ƽǵԶԶ㣬Ҫѷǰҳڳ˵Ρ
ʱһš

ٵˡ૵վ
ѪȽǶÿ춼һСһ̶ȣͺױ֣˷Ҫ֮ǰת
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һµ͵̧ͷɴ۾оˣųʲô
ܣǷڽתµɫ䡣
Ҳоų⣬ֻûкµôˡ
ƽӵˣٶȣ˹
µ޿϶
ԣ˶ǵ˵ͷ
ѪȽǶǷյģʱܵģ˷⣬˭
תϴεתŹȥ˶áһλط𾪲ѡ
ƽӸҡ
ĳɳȷʵǳҲҿǾµ磬Ȼҵᣬת޷Ը
ٺ٣˵Ǿ£ðտʼתĻҲʡǳ֡Ц
Ҳǲܡ
ԼĻҲпܷһ
ƽ΢΢ףֻҪԸ⣬ܽתתȵȣؼܳܵס١
ܷܲܶȹ٣ҲһԿţƽӿµޡ

µǰ·Ӧųǿҵĵطȥ
صʱ˵ɫЩѿ
ѡתĵطȻǵڣ嫻ֺľ޴Ҳһ֣ΪѪȽǶ
ǵע֮ʱִɱӡ
Ҫʼʩ𣿲һˡߵѿǵ涯֡
ƽӵ˵Ҳ
ǷɢΧȴŷֵһ̣ǣ䡣

ʱԵڶ١
麣;ĵ֮֮һ𣬽ڷǰ
ڶٺ͵һ٣ͬС졣
תʱԵĵ٣ҲûбʵΣյģǺΣҲǷڸ߲תԭ
Ȼ֮γɵıһʱȴҪǿˡ
ڻ٣Ϸյǵڰ˼֮ҪԵҲӵĿ£֮γɵıҲǷʺڣ۷嶼һС֡
Ǳĵޣתʱȫ޷ģǿȣǲ֪ٱ
Ϊ˵Ŀ£޲ŻķѴʱȥ׼ʹµĵǲ
ܿ˿ս
εıȻʵǿȴһʱǰ㣬ǵأൽ˷ָӦĹ
עһ־ôս
ĥ£Լ÷־û˿ץסһлɱ˱űɱı࣬Ҳת
ڣǰıʣֻ۷弶ǿߡ
Щ飬֮۶ɣȻȱݣһ۷ȴ޷ȫӡ
ҲǷԭ򣬷ǿҲӮˡ
~
һֻڷǰ£֮ĵڶƣҲǺͣĽ¡
һٲͬһΣ֮嫿ֲľ޴ᴩز񷣬ҪΪ촷۰㣬ŷ
ֲ׵һû˿ӡ
򷨲֣ʱң֮ط󣬽ڽ
ûκαȫԸң̤ط󣬽ڽӶ䣬һӴʵ縡֡
һͬһ̳ײ˲䣬ʱա
~
ֲľ޴ڷȫһ£׷顣
ڶ٣ɹȹ
վһ̣߲Ϊһ壬绯ΪŲڡ
άֵʱ䣬ȶȹһٺ롣
֮ӵ˷ڡ
~
׵ģ峹׷飬Ϊӣܣʼ



1513 ƽ
ƽӵˣΪģȴŷ֡
ڻ죬ÿһӴޱȣһСǷֲҲȽɢ֤ηܵһʱ䷢֡
ϾǽȷĴλãھģȴǲö֪ġ
λʮطҲǲݣʲô©
ǺǣҿҲ̫ţǷôöû֣϶ˡһλطЦһٶ꣬ȹתôܣʹʥҲ
ˣΪʲôҪȵڣΪƴ𡣡
ԣΧҲ΢΢ͷ
ŻĿܣĴǿӦǸռһ롣
ҷٵʱ䣬ȷʵҲЩ
¾ͺˡһطҡͷ
£ˣʹҲסɱ˷Ǹ߲磬÷䡣
ıྭ꣬ǧܸ
ȻһΣԷǱ츳Ӱܴ󣬵Ϊʥֻȥء
ʱǻŵĻ¾Ͳòһλǿߵıˡ
ˣҲδܻʱ򡭡
ҡҡͷԺе˳ȥ
ͻȻ
һǿ׵Ȼ𣬸һ֣˵ע
ǷĶȹ˵ڶ١ͷ
ʵǵĳ֮ԶҲǸӼᶨǵɱġ
׼ƽĿһ
ʱ
ҫ۵Ľ⸡
磬ƺȼһҫ֮Ľ͵طɳƺƵͣϢһֹͣӽֵ￪ʼһΪ
һ
ɽ׷ɱһԱԼסγѪȽǶĹɷѣںɽʶԷɱ˿ƽӵˣжҲġ
һΣڰΧס˷ǡ
ˡɽп⣬ҪɱĳȻģȴһҫ۵Ľ⡣
ֲĽ£оĳٻתŵͷҲĻΪµǣо嶼ʼڻǱѩɵһ㡣
ôܡɽԺеͷûת꣬ȼתۻ˻ҽ
ɽʣľطһ⣬ͬ
һˡ
ΧʱգŷĽĻֻĿţĽϣǷճɻң߱ʳƬ
̼䣬λʮط⣬˾
~
ŭ𣬴ϳһ޴Ӱͬ٣Ӱ͵ػӳһȭʹ÷Բһо飬Ҳú߰ʱ⻺ĸо
ͬʱ˺ƽҲȺ֣
㣬㡭˶Ǿɲ
һΪУִڽȵ뿪߲źȻ䣬»һ

ȻǷ
ƽӵ˷޷ܣҲ̲ס˻ɣǷ
ʲôʱ򣬷Ȼǿֵز
һٻλʮطۣͬʱɱȫˣҪ˵ЩطҲͰˣԶ緽ǿʮط۰ôᱻһطӰ졣
Ҫ֪طʺʮط֮Ĳ࣬Զġ
ңǵΪʲôһǸоޱȴĽ
޷£Ƕڻɣǰ֮ˣǲʲôαװɷʮطۡ
㵽˭˿ŷء
𣿡΢΢һЦ
Ȼ֪˵ɻĵط
ûϵǻѪȽǶڴɱӵʱ򣬻һֵġ
ҾǷǵɻ󣬷ûȥ͡
ǿˣǱˡƽͻȻǲǵޣڻǵųһǿһ죬ܵӰ죬ԶǵͣӦ˵Ϊֹûܵų⡣
ټϣתʵڵӦзʼ޵˰ɡ
˺ͺһϾͷӦ˹
߲ų⣬ǲǲֻ֪ǶԼ̫ģΪʹܵòֳһȥԿ߲ų⣬Ҫʰ׾١

ѹһӰ쵽ǡ૵ȻǳԾѾپ̡
־Դδ֪ȻǿԭҲûʲôˡ
ȻʵǶʮط۵˽⣬̫ˡƽתͷŷʮطط࣬ʹǷʼޣʮطֻһ޷Խģһǵ
ųȷʵԽԽǿҡҡ׹ʮط۵ȥǣǲһ㡭
ƽĿƽȻУȴǻָš
ڵǣȻʮطۣҪʰ㣬׾١
ʮط۵ģȻھط֮ϡ
ղŵһ֮Ӱ쵽ǣֻûзԵʣĵرͣʱ죬Ч׼󣬲ٳ֡ƽŵ
ڷȻһ̨ϣʱһׯһĻλ©֪յĵر
Ҫ˵ϵĻʱڻų£ǵʵϾ͵ʮطˣδûлᣬԲԣȲʱΪǲһӣѪȽǶһ̶Ⱥ㼴ʹҲ㲻
ô룬㶼ˡ
ƽ¶Цݡ
ŷ
֮˵ô࣬Ϊ˸ѹ÷Լĵƶ͸һоڵյ
ʱٶ֣ˡ
չһλʥ֮ǰչֳôµʵǴڣҲƽӾ裬Ҳ뷽跨Ҫ
Ǻǣԭˣǰ׽ˡߴЦĿĵŷСӣǰɱ˵ʱ򣬿뵽ڡ
ҲĿζ
ǶӷǾһлָ˹
˵ûڵңȷʵǵĶ֣طʮط֮һԿԽĺ蹵ҲûָסԷá
ˣһ뾡һа취ǣǴƶ¡
ƽӵ˶ʱЦ
ǲΪóĵƣؽȷʵǿ󣬵Ǹ˵ɷõģȴࡣ
ǿĵƣҲܳԽ̫ࡣ
һִʥͣǾɱ񣬷ɱɱһʮطۣ
ʹԶ˼ȫͬھֶΣ˵Ҫͬھǻϼ֡
ֻ̨֮ȷʵԶУṩĽһąֻ̃ı壬ȴڷϣҲá
ǻ죬Щ޵Ҳ޷
û˵΢䣬һűĽֽǰֲ׵ɲǼ䱬
顣
ƽӴ󺧣ǵ۹⣬Ͼϳ˽ֽʲô
Ĺֱ˴ˣҲӲƽӴҲûʧȥ硣
ΪʥЯ飬Ҳǲܵ顣
ΪߣҲܵ˺ΪʵͣƻǻҪء
~
һĴϸ𣬻ΪһâƵ飬ݻֲȫ˽ȥ
־
򷨲֡
ûκεʹ˻־ͬʱпٳֻ磬򷨲ֵ״̬
ƽ˵ҲףҲԼϵ
룬Ǽˡ
Ҳ׼ˣʹ顣
֮ǰڵȴָԼΪһ׼
ʱ䣬û˷ѡ
Ҫ˵ʵʵķԾǲܣҪֻϣر򷨲һ顣
̫ǿԶǰʹʱûʹù򷨲֣Ϊûκ壬£򷨲ֵ״̬˲ͻᱻ
ڷľ׼£򷨲ֵ˳Ľ
Ϊһ죬׼ࡣ
򷨲֣ȻԶԶȴܱģ﷽ֺټϻ־𵽵Ч˵ġ
ת󣬷ʵž޴
~
ֲɨȫغΡ
򷨲״̬µķάһң̾ͱ˳ڿֲ£Ͼˡ
Ƿϣȴ¶Цݡ
ٲǰǰ㣬һʹþˣȻⲻ˵Ļˣ֮ǰȴҪ̫ࡣ
ȵƽϢƽӵ˵ӰҲֳ
һ⣬ǻͷɫ԰֮ǸѪ£ˡ
ͱǿ˵ʱǲòֳһȥų⣬ӵĲʵʱ󽵡
ڣӦûʮط۵˰ɡ
λʮط۶С
֮Ĳͺ蹵ǵѾƽˡ
ƽӵ˵ɫһѿ˼㣬˵ûԭǿάʮط۵ĲΣ֮Ϊ̣˾طʵĲΡ



1514 ɱ
ϴЦݣƽӵˡ
ʹл־򷨲֣£ƣҲƽҪء
ⲻҪ
ҪǣƽӵˣѾ䵽˾طʵĲΣǵǿӣʹ䵽طʣҲȻǷʼһ㣬ȻҪȷǿࡣ
ȴǴͬһˣ޷Խǵ
֡
˶һۣԸٵȥҲҡ
Ȼ塣
˺ܿսһ
ǿս˲䣬˾Ե·磬ˣÿһȷҪǿȫڷ֮ϣķǱ
ȻǱȴҧš
ÿΣʱ̣Ͷʱ֣֮ߵĵȽ׾Զڽ˵ҲӰ첻ƽǣ̨ʱʱĵرİ취ʹʱ֮һ˲ڽڽ
ͣʱաʱ䣬Լ򷨲֣ڵƽӵӰ켫ȻŤתս֣ʩչҲæңϢ֮
Ҳʱʱĸֳָơ
ԣЧȻߣƽӵ˱ȴҪϲ١
ӳϿȫѹŴһߣΣʱ̣ܻΪġ
ƽӵһʱ䣬Ҳκβ˷
ľģǷޱȵԣ˵ĻӴѹ£֧穣нˣڷϣȴһ㼣󶼿
ǲס
ƽٿȻˣ˳ս
ϣȫռϷ磬ʱ˳
ȥУ뾡ָơƽ૵ʶķǳ
̫ɱˡ
ʱͣͣ򷨲֣ޱȣʹǵɱգʵвĻתƣ÷ȴûκõİ취
Ȼ˺ɱ˷ͱķӡ
ֻҪһ˻ָʮط۵ʵѹԵƣҪɱ׾ˡ
Ȼƽ׼ָ֮ʱһԽռ䣬Ȼնǰǰʱȴòֵֵ
~
˽⣬ƽӻָƵľٶҲˮ
ͬʱΪ˹ƽӣҲ˺ͺץס˻ᣬݺݹ˷ˣԷвȴǴܵҲأĻָ£ȫܵ
սУȻָܶЧߣȴҲƽЧµġ
˳ս첻ƽ΢
ҲûŹǰ
֮ԽռĹ£û˳սһܡ
˵Ĺؼʱ̱ɸأֻ˵Ļºס
ƴˡ
ƽɱ˻ȥѹʱ
ǣľǣǵķ񹥻£ǵûбԽԽͣԽԽǿ
ΪոתķͻͽĽ׶Σʱ̶ţƽӵ˵ľ޴ѹ˷ĶʵҲ
ƽзǣǵʵڲϵ½š
ų⣬ÿʱÿ̶ڱǿҲڱǵʵ۷ǵûбԽԽǿ
˳£ԽԽ˳ģҲǱ׵ѹˣżܻһι
Ƿ
ƽʱȴѾˡ
Ȼǲĳ̶ȣҪ߶ѡ
ѪȽǶÿһ춼Ҳûطӡ
һʼȫûɱǵĽ־עˡ
ڣ˵һڷʱƽӺͺߵĳ˹ȵס
ˡ
һʮطۣһطɱˡ
ȥһ췽ҹ̷ƽӺͺȴ֪ǲʵǵʧˡ
~
ȵĹâͻ棬ڱգ۽硣
Ϊڶʮطۡ
ֻʣƽһˡ
ˡ
ûˡƽӺԥĵͷãһΣɡ
΢΢һЦһն
޼᲻ݵĽ˲佫ƽӽʳɷĩ
ȷʵһΣá˵ƽԾط֮ɱʮطۣǽˡ
Ƿǳ˲
ȴƽΪʱǲȫʢ״̬
һͻ׷ɱиǷʡ
á
Ҳһ㡣
ڶԷҵԼʱ򣬸պý죬սڱĵط
ʬ޴ˡ
ʶһ㣬նɱʮط۵մմϲУһΣ¾ڽˡ
һˡ



1515 صؽ
ƽӵһһѪȽǶԶҲǵ
죬Ϊת˳ɣֳɹɱ׷ɱˣҲǲͣ
ʮ󣬷ص˽ʱƯ½
Ȼصؽ硣
ص˴󣬷ûԥлѩŮ˵һ򵥵˵ǰ漴ͨĵŻ
α׷ɱľҲ˾ӣٲҴ⡣
ʹԴӣδܰȻмĿܣ˴綼ǷԸ⿴ġ
Բ˴ĵȼȻӭ֣֮
ҿΣǽ˻죬˴Ӳ˽١
ͨԪתܿعؽ磬ڵǡ
£ǰȥո̤Աߵһǰ˵
á˵ͷĻع飬Ȼ
Ƭ̺
˵סĹ
ʦ𡣡һ
û¾ͺáȫҲ˿ţתܲ
һ۾Ϳ˷ľ磬˳ɳٶȣޱȡ
Ѿ׷ɱ˵Ҳȷʵɻ
Щ׷ɱߵʵԶڷ֮ϣʹתˣҲԶǵĶ֣ڻŻˣ˵Щ˵³϶òȥ
ǡҲеĴսϸ˵һ飬û©
ԭˣ˸߲𣿡Ȼ
Ҳ֮ʤģҲǻƣû֮ûֻص״̬޷ɱӣȲλʮط۱ͱҳˡ
ѪȽǶ󣬷Ҳûлҡ
ƽӵʱ価ϣӴԼƣһתȡɱﵣ齫λʮطһٴ䳾
ţλʮط۵ķ񹥻£֧ţһֱȵʤ֡
֣һס
ʤڵҲʵ顣
ıֳҵԤϣҲҪһ䣬־ʾ˷һ¡
ӲңҺ״̬ѣҲΪҾʮط۵Ķ֡
Ҳأʮط۾ʮطְۣ취ǣҲ֣ʱҪȥЦ
Ȼû
ڵɶԸһλʮطۣ޷ƣȥԷǱ״Ҳں
ĵͷ
Ծط֮նɱλʮطۣ˵ȥĻ»磬Ҳ÷ڷ˼⡣
ʤǿӲûУ󲿷ֶǳڵͲΣԽϣ֮ĲԽҲԽѿԽҪ㼫Ϊ̵ڼɺϵ£пܳ֡
طնɱʮطۣ͸ˣÿһμ޷ƣһ޶ġ
սȻĿ
ں̬ȴõ⡣
߲˵û֪ΣǼô룬ֹʲô¡
ƽӵ˵ս˽꣬ڴѪȽǶҲ޷Ϣ
˷⣬û˻֪Ρ
ȫԽɱƽӵˣƵؽɳԮֻϡ
ˣʦɱЩˣ֪û⣿ͻȻʮطһ綼Ǵӵͷ϶ҲС
ǵؽ磬ֺξЩС󡣡ȴ͸ǿĺͰ
ȷʵؽ̫ܽؾĶ磬ʮУҲǰеġ
Ϊִĵ״ӣǴһĵͽɽǺ֮ӲҪ±ˡ
˵׷ɱȣҲ๼
ˡ
ʦ𣬽һῪʼչأȡʮطۡ
Ĵ㡣
ɵۣؽ硣
飬һξ͹ˣϣֵڶΡ
ҪΪʮطۣûôףԡÿɷ
ĳɳٶȹȻˣͳΪʼޣʮطֻһҪۣǺεȵļѡ
ȻɱλʮطۣӦõõǴŵƽƣ˵ƶ̤ʮطۣŲСãϧ󲿷ֶˡҡҡͷ
ʱһŭ֮£ƽƣںڣȴҲˡ
ƽƣһɱƽӺȷʵǵõһյưܵͭŵƣûбǵսನٵ
лʦ𡣡һ󣬾͸ȥ
Ѱ˼ŵ˵ĻûлסǾֱȥ˵ǵ



1516 ֮

ֱӽһķһСͷڷе飬顣
¡
ڵȨޣӦ仯˰ɣʵ
ڵÿ˶ӦȨޣԷֳ߼ǰķոŵʱȨλļȨ֮䡣
ȷתʱȨ޾ѾʽΪȨޡ
µı仯
ǡйâһµȨޣȻԲһЩȨ߲ܹۿ鼮
˵ͷ
Ȩߣڵ֮٣ֻеͼļ˲ӵС
ǵĸԼʮط۵ĳһȨ߰ˣҲΪ״ӵԵʣʱλȨޡ
ȻȨޣҲи֣֮ղͬȨޣҲܲĲֶȨ߲ܿ鼮
ھʹЩʮطۣҲ·ˡ
ΪԼնɱλʮط۵Եʡ
гȨ޵鼮
հ죬ɨѷŵ鼮ʱʧһգȡ֮ģ屾鼮
ǶǳΪѡġ
ʦ𣿡һϾ׹ڵȨ޲ߣֻܲ쿴屾Ϊ˱˷ѻᣬѡʺ鼮
屾鼮Ŀǰܲĵȫˡ
ȥ屾鼮棬ڷߵһűĽֽÿڶۣ˳Ȼطĵ㣬顣
ڶ͵ıģ壬һӰ
ζ飬Ҫۿͱ븶һĴۣڽġ
֮Ƕһ޶ģͬʱж˹ۿĻȫ㡣
ҪҪһ
󣬹Ȼϣ飬˽ģʣǱҪһĴ۲ܹۿȻĵ飬Ҳ޳ġ
Ȼǵ屾
һɫû̺ʲôֲȴһصζתš
Ȿ飬İڷϣζŷʱۿ
ط޳Ͼʦ淨Ȿǡɻ
£Ȿ鲢ڶȨޣҪۿֻҪһɣʵﵽʼޡһԽ͵
ʼޣʮطֻһ𣿡΢
ǰȥⱾɫҲ뷽֮ޡ
˸λⱾ֮ޡ
û÷׹ΪʲôֻҪǷʼ޵ĵޣܿⱾ֮ޡˣΪģͻƵʮطۡ
ӷʼ޵ʮطһؿͱΪ֮ޣס˾󲿷ֵľطʡ
淴ģҪͻƵʮطۣӴıʣԼߵĲ棬֮ޡ
ʮطۿʼͿʼ漰ߵĲˡ
淨˵ӵ㿪ʼҲ漰籾ʣҪͻƵʮطۣȣ淨ĵڶԲǱĻȻҪӴıʣߵĲ棬˳ͻơ
ףΪʲô˵Ϊʮطûôˡ
ǵڶ淨ԲǺʱվˣ˵翵֮ޣǰߺôʱ仨ȥԲģ֮ϵģȴ֪жˡ
ܽתĻӦܳΪʮطۣǲ֮޵ĻҺѶȹ١
תҪȱĵתҪǿ
ںϵǵڰ˼֮Եʣ⵽߲ķˣȻôڣתܷۣĵޣȴǵõȵߴ
ıʵʲô˼ԺͻȻһ˴λԭأȴʧˣҲҲԴӣǲ˵˸ߵĲ棬ԴӾǸ߲棿
ǰûô룬Ϊ̫Ҳ𰸣ɻȴһֱš
ҡҡͷд˲²⣬ԷӴ籾ʣ֮ޣȴȻûʲôãӵԺ
ԴӣԴ֮أĴڣ
Ŀ⣬ϵĵı飬ȻģǿģǡԴ֮ءϲᡣ
ҪⱾ飬븶һĴۣҪôƽ̻һȡףҪôǶһĵرսƷȶȡףڷϵĹףȴǲ֧
ջ˼ȥ
֮ޡĺҲ˵ҪӴ籾ʣ֮޷ǳ翣Уżһá
һֽбԴʵıºܼʹߵıʡ
ȻʲôǼΪģҲֻ𵽸ãûоԵЧʮطۣҲôϡˡ
ˣЩҲ˶֮͵޼֮
սƷƽƣȻеһ֡



1517 
ƽƣʮ󶥼֮һĹŽҲǹŽĶ֮
Щܸߴ֮޵ģ޲һƽƣʹڹŽ磬ǼΪģ˵⡣
Ļ׷ɱҵģйŽһݡ
ʮûйŽ֣ƽƵĴڣҲѲ˹ϵ
ʮ磬ÿһǵؽ硢һ㣬ۼĳһϵߣʮˣǵϵϿ
һһյͭŵƶʱ
ƽơ
ƽϣһĿĵѺۣ㽫һΪ΢΢ҡͷƽ˵ıʱʧȥãҲͼʥĽ
Ѿ֪ˣƽӵƽƳڣӶڤ۵ԼḶ́Ҳ֪ˣһŭ֮£֮ȥ
ƽƵãʮһʦȻˣ˵ٻһЧЩźĿ⣬ˡ֮ޡϣƽƣǲ̫ϣˣ𵽵ú΢СΣҲǹŽһĻܻȡƹ׵ġ
ؽ磬ҲƵ
ҪһĹҲǾ˵ģٷò
ʼ̻ĵڶ׶ΰɡվҲԼ۱ȼߵ֮һɵĻ֮ߣһ֡
ҲҪʼչأΨн淨ڶԲ󣬲ʸӴ֮ޡ

仪ɽ
һƵɽ壬Ρ׳ȻԾסڸ˵ȴһجΡ
ǰһλǿĵ仪ɽҽΪУˣ޶ƿŸ˺˭΢˼Ͼͻ֮
Բ˶λ֮¡
Χڵ˺Ҫôѡ˳ҪôǱԶ룬ģǵλޱΪƽء
û˷ԷطʵʵƬڵ֮ϣʹԶĶ֡
һա
仪ɽ⣬ͻȻˮư㵴һڳ۴
պյ촩ۣսƷ֮һ
վ촩ϣиڰ׽֯Ĺâ仪ɽնʱĹߣƬ̺󣬷ٲ߽仪ɽ仪ɽǲڰ㣬ûκá
߽˷嶥һڡ
˭
§λŮѰֵ͵ؾһƿߵˣŷĿ⣬˼ɵ;ɲ
ףôģȻһоûС
Ƿ飬Ļʷ飿ӣ
ʲô
仪ɽΪһǴû͸¶Լȴû뵽ֵ꣬ȻһڽгԼ䡣
㣬㵽סǷ

սʱ;е죬һʱȴǲȴ͵طӦ
̨֮ս̨Ӱ񴫱ؽ磬ȻҲǿġ
˵Ϊʲôôģ𾪹󣬷鷴Ƿ
ôţһٶʱ䣬ǿȥȻᱻ
ͺáûʻ
ڽ
~
޾Ĺ棬û仪ɽ
ֻһ־޴̫׹仪ɽϣĹâʧɫȵǾʧĸϵ仪ɽʱȴ֣仪ɽѾʧˣΪƽء
仪ɽķϣվżʧǵŮӡ
ܿ죬Ǿʹ⼸ŮӿУ֪飬˶š
һɱǸ
仪ɽΪƽأû˵ǼŮӡ
ʵ˺ֵز

ɱ˷󣬷̤촩ۣǸһĿꡣ
һߵʵһ̶ȺļΪ֮лǧ궼¡
Уһ˵˼Ҳὥ仯Щͻˡ
ͷ˸һתѰ֣ʼЩˣؼҲͰˣݱһ˵ǵĺȻʰǡ
ǰͽȡһЩĿȫ
طʼֻҪǷʼޣһ£Ϸ촩ۣҲᵢг̡
ھλľطɱ󣬷Ҳǰĵش
Ҫ˵Ȼ⣬ⷬΪȴЩҴ֮ڣڵؽ紫˳ȥ
Ϊ̨Ƕľ콾͡
κ̫͵ǧʢһٶ꣬ڱչǲڵؽ磬¶档
һ˸֪ǵĴڣҲ֪ȥ˵ǣǧʢ󣬷ʹӴ󲿷˵۽ʧˡ
ЩǧʢԶ緽ˣģڵؽ롣
Ƚ϶ԣȻ޹⣬˶Ϊ꼻һ֣ǱδԶˡ
һΣΪȴˡ



1518
һۻգͣһ޴ҽϿա
һӣס
һ֣̳Ϊģ޾ڱͬһâɵ̫ʵĻǻоǵصѹޱѡ
ʮطۡ
λֵӣȻһλʮطۡ
ʮط֮һ߳ǰȴǿⱣ˾룬ʮطǰ򶨣ȻҲ̫
˵Ŀⶼ·ҽ
ҽҲһЩˣǿʮط۵ĳ֣޲ǵľҴһڣڿʱȴǷ׷¶ɫ
ǲǡ¹ҫ
ԶͻϳˣֱǴĳ¹ҫܹܡ
ҲˣҲԣϾͷйء
˻Ȼ֮ԻҲǳͬԭ
ܹ·
ǰﻹһ޴ҽѩأڼУһоطΪһⷽڵĴ
Ƿĵȴǽ˼ͳΣΪƽأƬҽλǿߵನ¡
ܹܺͳ¹ҫҲΪ·˴˳·Źһۡ
ܹܴˣʵ˺̶ֳȣĬ˻ᣬ¹ҫܹܡ
ǿڴҲ죬ܹܸȥעԷȻ֪ǵǿжǿǣܹʮط۵۹⣬˵սನУȴܿһ
ĵӦһλʼޡܹܵ
¹ҫԣ̲סЦ
ɱʵӹɣҲӦǷʼޡ
̫ˣǳ¹ҫڼʮǰҲ˳תͻƵطʵĲΣҲ˷ڵʵ
ĳɳٶȣ۵ؽҲǰȺǺͷһʲôˡ
Ӧתڵ¿ʼԣͻƵʮط˰ɡܹ˵һ㱡
Ź˶ą̃ϵӢˣգʵϣԷԼľ磬ҲǲԶˡ
ҫȴûҪȣһ˳¹ҫһۣܹܿο
κˣҪ뷽Ͼ¶ȡ衣
¹ҫ˵ͷ
Ŀãתʱ;˺ͷȽϵ˼
תۣܿ뿪
ǵĻΧ˶ȴ˾κˣȥ󣬸ޱ𾪣ͷһʱ
һԾΪˣһе֮ĵһˡ
ˣʼ˷ķţǧǰɵ۵Ļǵؽʷϣһõ֮ʱֱӷ۵ľ콾ǰ޹ˡ
ȻҪΪʮطۣѶ֮ҲǲԶؽʮطۣ꿪ˣǧɵۣȴǴδйǵؽ磬ʹ磬ûгֹ
Ȼ֪ԼΪؽ˶𶯡
֮ԽȡЩ񣬲Ϊ˵ǵĹװˣȴû⡣
ĵشʯ䡣
ڵأĿţͻȻ͵۾Ҳվ𾪵ɽķ
ҡ
ӰһĳڲԶҲǿҵ𺳡
ҲоˣɽзӦˣ
ûԴʦ뿪ɽͳڸոգҸоɽǻ˹˵ǲʦˣ
ɽͳ⴦ĵľᱮҲĿϵĴڡ
Ȼǻһĵˣͳɳûзٶоûס
ȥ֪ˡһ侲
̸ɽǸϵɽʱҲʮʥˡ
Ҳˡ
һ˵Ĵ
ʮ˶ܲѡ
ɡ
ʱɽϴ£ˣǼѡ
ʦȻʦˡ
عԺҲûԼĴҵϢ˷Բĵش
º󣬷ɽӵ޵Ļʼ˵ǳ
ȵȺ󷵻أ档
ʮʥȴһֱԣû뿪ʹĻĲģĽζ
ʲôʣ˵ɡʮһۣ˵
ʮ˻˼ۡ
󣬻ɻվ˳
ʦȷʵϵ⣬֪˴Ŭ޷ͻƵľʦڵʱʮҲཻȴҲһԭ򡣡Щֵ̿˵ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ʳʮֵѿΪǶԼķ񶨡
ʵҲԭ𾴵ʦҲԸѯʡ



1519 
ʮʥǷԲڣɫʮˣڷ뿪ʱ򣬾Ѿǽ쾳۷塣
Ȼ뿪Ĳ㳤ûͻƵľ֮УҪ˵һͷϣҲڣͲˡ
ҵûдѪǵ뷽ƣв֮ͬ
֪ˡ
˵ͷʾԼ֪ˣûҵ˻ȥˡ
ȵߺ󣬷վҡҡͷ֪ҵ˶Щʧǵ⣬һʱܽģܹƵĲ֡
ǵ֢ڣҲһ֪
˵ǹȫ
ĵش͵ؽͨȫͬģĵشĻҵˣŲȱعȫ£տʼʱⷽ⻹ǺͻԽԽ͹Գ
޷ͻƵľеһ֡
ˣĵشڵؽ磬һǳյĵطͬһ㣬ҵ˿֮Խ߲磬ǣȴȥ˵ؽͨ򣬸뿪ĵش̫á
һ뿪ĵشǵͻԼٶţ˵һ죬൱ĵشһá
һУڻҵȱȫԵʡ
֮ӦģؽˣҲ޷ĵشڱݶ޹ɽĻҲûн룬ǲ˼ӵİ취
֮ܽ룬Ϊȡ˽̻൱Ż֤ͨȻû⡣
ȵ⴦ĵشΪؽһʱŻ᳹׽ǻ⡣

ʱơ
Ĵϣһֻţÿ϶ɢǿϢķ
ͣ
Ϊ׵һͻ̧öͣ
ǰǺħˣֻϳƬ̣Ȼһɱȥɱֻ󺺺ȵ
˺ȻӦŵ
ǴеĿ꣬նɱħڵޡ
󺺶ߵһԣңң쿴źħڵ
硣һȿ󺺰һص׳˹ǿ󺺵ĵܵܣҲǸ֡
ٺ٣Ƶܣİٶǰﻹ޵£峯Ϧ棬Ҫڼ󺺴żָп
ôܵȴЩţӴޣôǿ
Ҳ󺺵⣺ǵĴǰôһһֻ޾ܰʵϣʱÿ춼ˡд䱻ɱǾϵⰡ
ܵܵɴ۾顣
ȻڷԲڣİһУҪİٶǰʥ˽ٿʼ˵𡭡
ʱ䣬Ҳ˵˵£ģΧΧ£һˣʮ
н죬׳󣬺ʥǷֲģˣȫҴ󺺺ȵɱ˺ħ֡
ͬ飬ڸš
ӷٴνٿʼѾȥ꣬⴦ĵشҲǷ췭ظı仯
зڣĹǣ֣֮Ƕȹһ١
£⴦ĵش壬Լٶȳɳһǿӿ֣׳
߲Ҳʮ󣬻ҵһͻƵ˶ľƣ󲻾ãʮʥȺͻƣڽҲǸнչ
ڻҵ˵Ĵ£Ҳǿʼ˶޵ķԲڵ޻ɱϣʹƬĵ̡
壬Ǵڶʢʱڡ
ҲǱΪʥˣΪ˱ʾԷ𾴣ҵ˽ʮʥеʥ֣ĳζţǣ˰طʵҲΪ˱뷽е˼
طǻҵʵ
ȱȫǵٶȼΪҲûа취Ǿɱޣĵشһ֣عأᲹһֹ
Ҳͨϵɱޣ伸η֣ɱʵԶǵޣͻƼޣɹͻƵ˶ľ
ԲǿޣҲǷʼ
޹ɽ֮ϵɱ֮¾ĸɸɾҲնɱ˴󲿷ֶޣԼļγ֣Űɨϰưһ
ɽ
۾ǰصĵƸ֣˲ɷ֮ͼһǱΪΣ仯ġ
ˡһ̾Ϣ
һûгĵش
һһεĽ̻Լż֣ȫš
ڣط淨ϣڶԲҲʸ񣬴֮ˡ



1520 ټ
淨ԽԽѣҲԽԴ
Ҳתٶȴطǵ洫°빦ڶ̶֮Բ֮
ֻغ֮ҲųĽطԶ
Ҳ⣬κһ淨ڶԲ󣬶ܿʼӴ֮ޣȻ֮ܲܽƣһˡ
֮ޡĿȡ
ǹϵܷΪʮط۵Ĺؼ
Եǵĵ̣֮ȻǼΪ˽⣬ڡ֮ޡУȴû꾡Ҳûкͷ˵ݡ
޷ϣԼȥᣬĲΪУҲ̣˵ľ飬Ӱ췽жϡ
̻ҲһҪȥ
ʼɡ
һƽſʯƬھŸλڷǰ۳ڿγ˵һ֮ƣһʯƬϡ
~
ʯһӡϺ󣬶ʱһֺĹֱ
ţǵڶĵ
ŵֺɽϳ𣬷·Ҫͨأ⾪˵һĻ̱ĵش˲
˶̧ͷŵɽķ򣬼ʹɽҲܿǾŵâȻûпֲϢɢȴҲ˸еĶҡ
ʲô
ɽϣûֹͣȵŸƶӡڴʯϣǶʱγһ¸ӵ˼ƣת
ڷĴ߶£ɽΪģطγɵƳ˷ɢ
ǾŵҲ֮
ܿ죬ɽֺâ֣⻹ԶԶûֹͣƼɢţÿһ졣
ɽ䣬ϸĻҵˣ̱˽ȥտʼľźǺܿ侲ΪԡڹâУûиоκεĲף뵽ֱ仯ɽжҲǷһЩ
һ䣬һƽԭһɽ壬һ
طţһо롣
ÿˣΧ˻ĺˮţͬǴһޱ޼ʵĴ֮Уۿȥȴֿκ쳣˻
֪˶á
Բڣֺ嫵ĹâûһУصÿһ䣬εıԴ֮ƬţıʣʵԽˣõĺôҲԽ࣬ڻҵ˶ԣǺˡ
Ƶ룬ط˷Բ˼޺ûֹͣ
߶ط󣬳ŸߵĲǰ
ҵˣǸоǻصܵˮԽԽҲԽԽ׳ĳһ۷ȴͻȻ΢һ뿪˺Զ
ڼԶۿĻܿ˰ĵشӴƣͻȻ䣬ƺĲ԰ףָһ֣ҪߵĲ棬ӵǰʧĸо
Ȼֱ仯Ȼֹ
ɽ
ǰž˵ı仯ط󱻴߶ʱΧһпٵȥĿһǼһ㡣
ǳڷǰģȴһУҲ޷ߵĲ档

ҡҡͷЩγ˽Ӵ籾ʵ֮ޣΨпǴ֮ޡ
Щһ˵
ڳɳĹУһ˵֪ʶд⡭ȵȣһӡȻڳɳʱ˼ãڽӴ߲ʱȴ谭
Ҫͻƣ͵ǳԽޣѶ֮ȻǲԶ
ΣǽӴˡ
ֹͣط󣬴״̬˳ΧһжʱָȻѾӴˣԺҪٶȽ״̬ûô鷳ˡ
Ƴ֮ޣԴӶ෽֡
ƽƣ֮Ĵ󳹴򣬱淨ڶԲȡ
뵽ƽƣ΢ѵͭŵƳ
ִƽƣٴν뵽״̬֣ΧЩƳӦҲһ㣬ֱ仯ǳϸ΢޷
ϧƽѻ٣ƽƣЧһ㡣ЩźҲԤ֮С
ǶԵؽĶڴ
ڣһĻȽԶȻĵشǰ˼ɱȴҲǱˮн
ʥҲ⡣
ҲйطȣΪ״ӣʥڵмߵȨޣڶһ֮ʱҲźܴŻݣȴ޳õ
ɵڶ׶εĽ̻񣬽Ĺף㹻һǼˣĶࡣ
վߵɽۣ·
ҵˣ֮ǰľУûзӦ
£Ҫɵڶ׶ν̻ƿصĵ̣ŵһǧ
˵Ҫڵĵ̣ʮ֮ࡣ
ⲻһһϦܰɵģڵ壬ûǸʵǧĵشڣȻʮطۼޣ÷ˡ
ڵʵʮطۼ޶֣ҲǸ߲磬ûе
ʹ飬ҲնɱԷ
һãǣһȫʹý̻񳹵ʧܡ
̻Ŀ꣬ǽĵشΪؽһ򣬶ؽһǺ㣬Ŀǰƿصİ֮һԶԶ૵
ԣ̻Ǽ֮ѣֳ˺ü׶ɣʱǳãȻһɣҲǷ޷
ȴɣҪɵڶ׶Σʵ
һ뷨¼
ȻˣҲֻѰķˣҷҲûָڶʱͻ֮ޡ
Ͼ֮޿ûôͻƣʹƽƵҲҪʱģ󲿷˶Ҫơ

һͻȻڷ
ʦ𣿡
һǵȻڵУȴĵشķνͨ
һΡ
ǡæӦ٣϶ʲôҪ£Ҳǲҵ
ҵ˽򵥵Ľһ£뿪һʱ䡣
ڵû˵ʲô£Ҳȥȥͻػǻ뿪ܾãȻҪ
ǰһε뿪ҵ˵Ǻܷɡ
Էĸ룬ҲȻӣû˷յģҲǲţԻȴĹ
źú󣬷ŷĵ뿪ĵشص˵ؽͨ
ǡ
Ĺ󣬷ȵķ֣һˣĶʦ֣塣
ϴιʱڱչأ˵û档
Сʦܣкž֮ɫû뵽ôʹ֮ޣѹʦ
庮˼󣬷׵ĵ



1521 
Ϊһ¡ڵ֪䣿
ҡҡͷû˵
䣬ʮһ̨̫ͬؾһԽ͵
ôһ˵Ͼ˹
̫ؾУҲõһؾ˵ģ̫ؾĵؽ硢ӵһ㣬Ķۺ֮Ϊ˽̫ؾͷˡ
Ȼ̫ؾ޵ģһֲ֪֮࣬²⣬˵ģҲ˵߸ģҲڼǺŴ˽⵽̫ؾĸ
ĻҪ١
ʮ磬ȴֻĸ̫ܽؾ֮Զ
ᱻ׷ɱҲЩ磬ϣʥɳΪؽһλʥϾУʥǾصľ
ѵΪ䣿ЩãȻ
ڵʵʼޣ֮ޣҪзã̫ʵˡ
һ䣬һ󣬲ε飬ҲһЩϵ͵
Ʈ񾳵緢룬μƮ۵˶Ǵ֮޵ˣĳϣҲԿɣһǰ
ǺǣСʦܣμӵˣƮ۵ǰʮܻһ̫ȪЦ
͵һ
̫Ȫƽһܸ֮ޣЧҪԶƽ֮ϣУ̫ȪȫǰȵؽҪ౶
ھʹ֮ޣܵõһ̫Ȫ
ʦƮ񾳵ʲôѹеļ侲ʵ
Ʈ֮Ƕʮ󶥼һλʥһ򱣳ʮǰȥõĻʲôΣա˵
Ȼ֪뿪ؽ磬кܴķա
һεĻҲȷʵѵá
΢΢
ȷʵѵãһ̫Ȫ֮޵ٶȣ౶ҲǷϣġ
ΨгΪʮطۣİȫһıϡ
ǣҪΪǰʮûôס
չǲŸոսӴ֮ޣ˴һεģѾܶˣ˫ܴ
ɳˣҲͬһе콾еţϣͻƵʮط۵û˻˷һ
ȵЩ˻ҲɳϣҲһϯ֮ء
ԵŻ˵Կǣһǰ
Ķ콾棬붼Ѫڡ
Ǻܿ侲
ʦҲŸոմ֮ޣǰʮûԷƱҲԴ
Ʈ۵ڲͬǵս㻹һЩģȻûܽǰʮҲûʲôƮ񾳷ǳ⣬Ϊ̫Ȫĵ֮أҲܵһЩӰ죬Ʈ棬ƳҪȱĵطǿ౶ƽƣҲҪǿ١͵ҡҡͷҲ׼˪һû֮ޣȴòϡ
˪ڷĴ̼£ȻҲŬͷ޷ȣʱǷ۷塣
˵ͷ
£ǵĿģǰʮõ̫Ȫûж롣
ȻˣҲ͹Ӧ
Ҳǿ۽һûᣬڴ֮ޣҲŲС档
Сʦܣ߰ɡ˹Ц
ȻģǴ֮޵ˣεʵãؽ粻ûһǸ𱣻֮ѡ
߳˹
ȥ˫ɣСʦܣ˵õһ촩ۣɡ
ûоܾȡ촩ָۣ£˫ڵλôȥ
ʥӵһ磬촩ֱӵģҲǵһص˫ǰ
Ʈ֮ģؽֵһˡ
ӱ֮ˣ⣬һˣ˫졣
˫ʥǵؽһλЩĶʢʱڣ£һʱѹȥҲͽڣִƵؽĵǣǲɽ¶ˮϣ˫ִһȨ
¡
ըУһ·Ӿǰûԥ̤ϡ
ܿ죬˾ͽ˫졣
ȣ˫һ󣬷ȥֻ˻ңˮ𣬹ͰǡȻ෴˫Уֳһֺ׳ĳȥҲȴĸһֺгƽĸо
⻹ǷһʱһĿϾӵĸо
ÿһʥǲСİ΢΢пߵһˣһǷס



1522 Ʈ
塣
·ͷһڿʱ΢΢һ㶣üȴû˵ʲô
ӵͷʾ⡣
˫ĳϣ͵ۣҲ˫Ĵӡڷ
ӵݺֵҵСʦܣӦҲʶ
͵۵˵ͷ˷һۣЩ䵭
ǵȴʱˣɡ͵۵ִһ󣬴˽Уȴͽһɽϡ
ɽҲǼΪ⣬棬ޱ޼ʵĻ𺣣ȼţ죬ƺҪػΪҽұȴƽĴ󺣣ž޲
һˮһһһɽΪֽߣγƽ⣬ȴûΥ͸С
ɽϣ͵˲ˣɨһۣǣܹһˣȥ͵۵Ļǵؽһٸ
˶ˣûĻǾͳɡ͵ɨһۣ
ȵȣһͻȻվ˳˵
ֹˮʲô͵۵ȴûвԥ֮ɫ
ȻΪֹˮȻ壬ָŷʣΪʲôҲռһãƲŸմ֮޲ðɣʹȥƮ۵ж壿
Ʈ۵ÿһΣǺεȵǵؽҲֻһٸôʹãȫһ˷ѡ
ҲʵѡĻ˫ȫЧ֮ͣ޵ˣǻвٵġ
ֹˮ˵꣬̾˷
˵˵
ǵǻҲʵˣֱЦ
ŭˣǵǵˣεǿɲֹһ˽ȵˡ
ֹˮ˵ʵ
ΪʲôҪ˷һ
˫ˣҲкüԮֹˮ
ˣϹۣûв˼ܿճҲǺ¡
ؽ类֮޵˺֮࣬һٸˮн㲻ϡ
ʸõˣʵ̫ˡ
壬ô͵ۿ壬ɽ˳ȥȴЩ֮ɫ
ҪʲôͻȻЦĿ䣺˵䲻ģڳȫҲȲСʦܵһָ˭Ҳûбʸ񡣡
ڷǰһֱº͵ģȴȫһͣ׹ѣ͵鶼ЩȻ
ֹˮ죬ȴ˵ʲô
ĵΪȻʥҲҪܳɳ;Ļǰ;Ҳû塣
ЩҲ룬ȴǲ˵ģǰ
ԷʮطۣǵǵĴƵĻʹ˫棬̻
˺ˣɡ͵۴Բ
¡~
һ·ɽȥһΣȴͨؽĳȷ߳·ʱȴǳ̫ؾ֮⡣
֪ͨƮ񾳵ˣӦÿˡ͵۵
䣬޾жȻһ㲽Ｒ
ѭȥֻ޾УһӰûκףûκʵȻȻתһֻֻƻ˵޳ǰ
ǡ͵һݡ
Ʈже顣廹ΪЩޣһ䡣
û˵
λԦΪһǰЩҲǱ߹ͣ
ʦ֣һɡͻȻ
Щǳʮ˶Ǵ´ࡣ
ȻûͬһֻϣʱҲ׷ѡеѡһģҲ㣬˻߶һġ
һֻѡ󣬶ĶʮֻϢʧûгֹƵġ
Ʈ񾳣һĪĵطһĻпһ䣬ûЩôʧġ
̤̤̤~
ʮֻȴûиΧ޾κӰ죬Ҳûκ˷ǵĴڣ޾֮Уһ类ɿӹܿ죬ΧʼһƬȴ޾ֺڰҲͬھģǿһĸо
ʵ֮ۡ
΢ʵۣ֮Ȼǰʵۣ֮һȴʧЧˣΧûκα仯ûκδ֣֮߳ǿһĺڰ
ˣʦ֣˫ǵǣǲЩԸǿѹе𺳣ûԼ¶ͻȻ֮ǰĳͻ
㿴ˡ΢΢һ̾
Ҳûʲôѵģ͵ڳǰûбҪѯûһʼͿ˲ס
μƮ۵Ǹʥµģб˶ķݣôףҲûɵأ͵ô˵½ѣҪһѿ



1523 ִ
Ϳ˲ס
ȻֹˮҲܸıʵʲôģõǵҲס
ոմ֮޵ķ˱ȷʵĲ٣ڷʥݣȴеɣϾܳɳ˳ΪʥĻʲôҪ
ֹˮδĳɾٸߣҲֹʮطۣʹʮ˼Ҳûһλʥô󣬸߿ɱԡ
ǵؽЩͬ˵һԣʥϣִһȨ޵һʱ˫ǸʱڣʥǾ£֮⣬ʹǱʥҲᾡ֮ͻһλʥΪʢʱڡ
ڵؽ磬ȴЩһΪǣΪ
һִˣƵ޵ҲֻʦĳԼˣѹƣٶǰʦһ䣬ش˵жԵλʥ
˵¶޵Ǻݺ˿
ͽӴؾʱ򣬻һΣָ
ʱҲǽδȫָħɱѾ֪жǿˡ
һΣǳ˷
ħվǻûָʥ޷ȣ˵⻹λ
һشλʥǺεΰֱ硣
ȵȣٶǰ΢æ׷˾ʱ䣬ֵĴ̫ˣȻǵ
׺󣬷Ҳǿ϶ˣڤҵʱ
Ӧʦŭ£λʥˡ૵
Ȼм˵ҲǴʱ֪ά֮вɸж
Ϊ֮ǿִƵȫѹһУ˭˵ǣؽʦʦʦ֮صؽ磬һ󣬲ŵִʥʹõҲӲʵǵı
ǽ磬ųɱһΪһƿأֻо£ѹһʥʸִƣڽ磬ǿģԶǵʥ޵¡
ŵǵؽͲˣʥǿҲҪλڵǣλʦ֮¡
ǿȴ޷ִƣе
ǵʥ뷨ǵһǾڰ뵱ʥ棬ҲǱల£˫ĲҪ֮ϣȴǶǵ಻
һϯ˵ҲŪô¡
⻹Ǻ˵˭˭
ǵĹͲö˵ǧ֮ǣޣؽʢԽ̫ؾ͵ǵĬĬǷֲģҵҲĻ
˫뷨Ҳ⣬ԼĻôһѹԼͷϣҲеˬԷܵ͵
ʥҲͰˣ˫Ľ˵ɱģ¹ҫսھͻƼޣת˵ͷ
ؽĸǵǼӣ˫˾ͲһˣǲԸ⿴ɳġ嵭ΣǵǵˣҲܶʦ档
˵ͷ
Ȼܹ⣬ͬ˫˲ԼҲͰˣӲҪƵĻҲ
ţ쵽ƮˡͻȻɫ΢
ע⵽;ľ￪ʼ˱仯ǿһĺڰǳһЩâʣƺǼһѤõĹâͨ档
ûãǰȻʣĹâһӳ۽硣
ǰģǱ̺죬ãȥǺͨĳȴ˵
ʮֻ̤գں֮ӹԶһڵȥ
һ죬ҲƮ֮дǵĳ
ȵ˵ǰЩԻȥ̴ӵĴ£߽˵죬ҲǷƽʤա
Ʈ֮д˵ĵطڵ¶컨̨ϣһǧϯУԶһȪˮʣͬɾһ㡣
ʮ󶥼磬ȫһһǧ塢͵۵ˣԼ֮ǿߣȴǳһǧɨһۣһǧһˡ
ʱ˻Ǻֻ֮ܶ࣬һ
̴ӵĴ£˸ؽ˵λãΪǿĸ֮һؽλҲõģλڱǰš
ʱҲμĲͬ
ʦ֣˵˵Ʈ֮ɣ壬



1524 Σ
뷽һҲǵһƮ񾳡
Ʈÿ꿪һΣһοŵʱͳΪʮطۣȻʱʵҲԸ𱣻֮
Ʈ֮𣿡
¡
֪ĺ٣֪Ҳ࣬ʦҵġ
Լʶʥ˽ⲻǺǼȻԵ֮ڣӹˡ
صһʥĹʦ𶼿УǡüͷƺԴǣǣĹĨȥһ֣֧顣
͵һ
Ʈ֮Ī֮ˣʵ
ʦ𿴵ƬУȷʵǳ磬ƺôкܴļܿľԽԽˡҡҡͷ
лʦ֣Ʈ۵Ӧôںܶ˰ɣ֪һǵڼ죿ֵ
ڼһһ죬һҲһ죬ϴΡȵȣҼǵƮ۵ѾٰˡüͷӡУƮ۵ٰ˶ΣӡģȴֻΣҸǰΣһαһģκͽʣһˡ
Ʈ֮Ӱ¡
λƮ֮ǿʥصʥԷñ˼סĶһʮط۵Ȼ޷
ӿ˺⣬һֶ·ӵĳ嶯ϱǿѹȥ
û´ĻλƮ֮Ӧֻأǽֻ߾ֻ̨ϣٳ嵽˾ʮ㡣
Ʈ񾳺󣬷һοʵۣ֮Ҫ֮࣬ǰһΧһȻûκα仯ֻֿܡ
һǣԷĲԶڷ֮ϣʥ;طʵĲ֮࣬޷ݡ
һ־ǣǰһжʵģеȻʲô֮ߡ
޷϶һ֡
Ļ󣬷ȴ˺ܴİա
Ĩֻص߾Ĩһ˴ĺۼ
ֻ̨ѡˣһǧǰһĻֻٰܾ졣
оģΪǰƮ۵ڣԷӰ£ŻٰƮ۵֪
Щؽ÷Կ϶
û뵽ôһֲĶ֡ת
ÿʽӱ˴˼䣬Ǿߡ
֮ǰȻ֪ͨһУֻв˵ֻ̨İʮ㣬ɹΧΪʽӣʮ˲ǷߣȻûκһˡ
ôҪʮеһ֪ж͡
ѹҲΪǿһҲŴʮˡ
ʮ㣬ܵõֻصĵ㡣
淨ĵ㣬ӦʮطۣĲŶӦʥ˷ΪʹǸߵģҲʮط۵ʵˡ
ʮطǿȴ÷η塣
ζû뵽ԼľУȻһλʥ
ʵϣⲢǲܣԼһ͵ӣΪҪʵֻء
ֵĻ
ɣԷ˳ֽԼĨɱ
Ͼǿֻ̨
ֻع㣬ǿ淨֮һֻ̨Ϊֻصģ󣬽ֻĲʥֻ̨ܷӳǿ
±ִ֮ĵ˿ɡ
ôջûֵܵ
侲ҲǶԷҪĿ֣꣬Ӧͬʮ˲Ŷԣ㷢ңҲδػҳ֡
ǲֻ֮ʽӣδжۡ
뿪̫ˣк档
ʥԳֵ£𵽶ãްգٻĻµһʱͻᱻܹܲƮ֮δ֪ˡ
Ȱɣ䡣
ǿԼ侲
ԽԽ࣬ģһǧϯλ彫һЩɫ˽ܸҲвˣδ֪ġ
Ĳɣ˼ȫû档
ͻȻ
˼١̴ӵĸߺ˶վʾʥ𾴡
ݼƮ֮˸

һ翵ƽ˶
ע⵽һĿԼϣͣһ£˿ȥǷ˶ӵĸо
ûз𣿡˿Ʈ֮ĿԼʱڵֻ̨ӡͻһ𣬽ָֻƽ޷϶Ǽ
ԷԼȴûбֳϾƮڣƮ۵мӰ죬һؽ磬ֻҪ뿪Ʈ񾳣ԷҪֵĻ׾ˡ



1525
󣬷һ˿ɫ
ΪƮ֮ѾԼȴûбֳڣȴԼǰ׵ˣڸոգֻ̨ӡдһЩѶϢ÷ô¡
Ʈ֮Ŀɨʱֻ̨֣ڱ˷ϣһֻص
ֻ̨֣ʹԷʥҲֲ쳣
÷˿
󣬴ֻ̨ӡǴѶϢҲ˽ˣΪʲǫֻ̂֡
Ⲣֻ̨飬÷ƫ̻Ǳ˵ĻҲһĽȫΪֻ̨Ҫ֤Ĺƽԡ
˭ܳΪֻ֮״ӣ˭ܳΪֻ̨ˣǣ˭ܵһֻ̨һٲ㣬ǿЩʽӵʵǿʽ֮ƴɱֻ̨Ҫ
Ҫģֻɫˣһʵǿ֮ˡ
ȻҲǾ⣬
ܷƮ֮ܣΪԷûаڵ˼ԶԷʵҲ޿֣򣬷Ҳܷһ㡣
εĻƮ֮һֻ̨Ҳ֡
Ϊ뱻֣߲ŻڣڣҲ޳ģҪһٻֻ̨Ĵ
Ʈ֮ĵĻֻ̨ò֡ҺŵĴࡣпЦ
ûôٻֻ̨ʱȴóƮ񾳣ҪţΨƮ֮Ļɡ
ĺ󣬷˸̨ϵƮ֮
ͬ˲٣ڳУܶ඼Ǵûмʥġ
ͬƮ֮ȴڹâ֮УɢĹâۣȴ翵ζҲ˿Ʈ֮òŮٶ
ϲ衣Ʈ֮
һλλ̴˽һˮǰ
ЩˮɫͬһȪȥһõĸоһᣬʱĿ
̫ȪɣһĵŲˮ̲ס
ôܣ̫Ȫѹ
ˮ̫ͬȪĸȪȻЧϲ౶Ҳ֮ͬ
һԽ͵
΢΢ͷˮζִƽƲˣȻ
˲ļֵǸ֮߰Ʈ֮ȴͣÿһݣֱ֮𾪡
ʥ̾ǰĲˮ͵˷ǰò˲裬Сʦҽ˰ɡ
ΧʱͶĽ֮Ŀ⣬ȴҲ˵ʲô˼ʦֵܵ¡
͵ͬûã˳ȥ
лʦ֡лһ䣬ҲȴԴ֮޵˵ǲݾܾĺ
һˮ˵ߣĺһڣĲˮ븹һ̣ΧһоѸʧһ
һȪӷϲϵӿϳˢһ
ȪԴԴϵĳˢ£ͬˮʯȻıЩ
ϿҪðȪˮʱһڲˮ¡
ȵһˮ꣬Ȼʣ±һ㣬ڵڶˮĳ£һȻ飬ʧ
ͬʱҲǽһ״̬УͬȻʣƺʲôûᵽ
ȵָƽۣܸоΧһжʻ
һɽһˮһһľƺĸ
ϵɴҿһ㣬Ӷ綼ʼĲͬ
ָо૵
Ƴ֮ޣʶģǷǳһ¡΢ЦҲ̫࣬һжҪԼȥᣬȥ֣ԺɲҪŵ˵
Ŷ¶Ȥɫ
˼ָʵἫĳԼԤϣ
ǿҵĺĺڴǱտڲˣ㵽ΪֹҲ͹ˣ˵̫ûʲôô
ϧˮЧҲǰƳЩź
ʵϣڶˮ𵽵÷ǳС
ͬĲˮٶҲûôˣȻЩ֮޶ˣ¾ܽͻˡ
Χ
Ȼ֮ǰĲɣҲģڳУ֮޶꣬ͻֻʣһ˴ڡ
ˮЩ˶ûʲôô
˶Щ̴˽˲Ĳ豭
Ʈ۵𣿡ڴ
Ȼ̫һǧӱϾŸս֮ޣܼʶ˵Ҳܿ۽磬Լ֮Ҳһ档
ǰеƮ۵ϣͳֹԹͻȻ󳹴򣬴֮޵֡
Խӵˣ޲ȻΪˣֻʮ˲ܵõ̫Ȫ



1526 ۵ʼ
Ʈ۵һʽС
̲סڴ
֮ǰ˵ǵսսĻûκϣȻǷʼޣȴҲи֣֮Щ֮޳µǷȱ١
սĻһЩ΢ϣ
ʦ֣Ʈ۵ôУԱߵ塣
΢΢һЦҪش
ͻȻ
¡¡¡¡~
ϣͻȻһ˶̧ͷֻϷεɫлһӴĺ󣬾Ļˮ¡¡
ǡĿ΢
ǾƮ۵ĳˡ͵ڳֵľ;;һ޴ƽ̨۵̨۵̨棬һΪ
μƮ۵ˣҪģǴ;۵̨Ȼӡǣλøߵֳͣ¡
Ҫעһǣ;۵̨ǳ⣬һ޷ãҪȹ;ӡǣͱ淨߶ϵȵȣҲһ˵ĵûЩ뺣ġ
ȻҲǵһƮ񾳣Ʈ񾳺Ʈ۵Ͳʲôˣǰμӹ˴˳
˵ͷ
ô˵ĻȷʵǲսҲԺȡ
ط淨ҲǸڶԲûиΪ롣
ľ磬ֽתոƳ㡭ЩҲԶƲơ
СʦܣҪʲôѹϾŸոս֮ޣûκγɼҲ㲻ʲôڲˡο÷Ҫʲôѹ
ס
;ĳ֣Ʈ۵ʽʼ
ڴλľʱ֡Ʈ֮˶
㿴ңҿ㣬ȴûһվ
ŵһɣҲΪĸλ콾ש񡣡Ц𣬴ϯλϣ߳һˡ
һӣоâӿǿϢ
磬ӥӸԱš
ʡ
˵˵ӥ
ɲʲôС䣬綼Ǻպģǧǰ˷ʼ޵ʵ֮ޡ
ҲǿӥۣһУҲǰʮϡǵã֮ǰҲһ䣬Ȼһ䣬ܱܵģĻͨ콾
ʡظһ䣬ǶԷķš
һԣΪطʵĴǧ꿪ˣҲ˷ţȻµ͵ûʲôսĻҲпûзš
ˣ˵¹ҫɨһͻȻʵ
ȷʵˣһûʲôɫ˵ͷ
磬ͬλ̫ؾĶ硣
Ԫ硢硢ؽ磬̫ؾڵĸ磬ҲǿĴ硣
Ȼ¹ҫܺɨһ˶ӥߺǿɲһʱ
ͣڳ棬һ
䣬ӥѾʼˣϣ;ԣ;ıԵһңԹ֮á
ӥû£ȻվھϣûãϿʼһ׵ĺ⣬ʢ֮Ѫţǵڶ
ϰٵӥǰڻһʲô
Ȼ
~
һŭ𣬴ӽĺУһֻݵİͻ
ӥӺӿ֣ͻĳ֡
ûκοֲȴ̺һЩصֻͻĲĳ淨ĳϵľ֣ÿһëÿһƤϣӡŹ·ƺڲŸϵ淨İء
ͬǣһϵһ淨ǰ
ڱĵطƮ񾳣ȴʹ֮֡
ĿӰͻɨ
ߵϵ淨ȻʺϷֹͨĦ֮ķʽȴܿ۽磬Լѧ໥֤ٻعͷͻоҪǰһЩ
ҲֻƮ񾳣ܿ˾󡣡΢΢п
˵ͷ
ȷʵǲɶõľ
һ᲻淨й¶뵽һֿܡ
ȻᣬչֳĽ淨İԼ̶ȣҪһ淨쿪ˡҡҡͷ淨ôݳҲͲ淨ˡ

;ԣӥ˰ͻϣһԾ;ڲĴϱţƽء



1527 һʥ
;ӿһȴͻ̤ڽ£⡣
ܿ죬ڰͻϵӥ;лʧȵٴγǰʱѾ;룬棬һ޴ƽ̨һ֮С
~
ӥ΢ͻʱԾ̤ſһգ۵̨
Ʈ۵ĵڶأҲɶȹ
ǰʮ콾֮ǧ꣬;۵̨Ѳסġ΢΢ͷ
һĻ˵Ԥϡ
Ʈ۵ֳɺ;۵̨ӡ֣У;򵥵ģȻѲסӥ۵̨Ҳһ
ӥ˸ͷҲӻԾ
ؽߣҲȥ
ĵһˣʹӥҲǶԼĵģû⣬˶ɶȹ;ͬʱҲŵ۵̨
ûмжЩɹ۵̨ģжʮˣʮ˶Уͬϵͬ淨׷׾ֳչǵİ÷۽磬иŲ
Ҫͻ֮ޣ淨ڶԲҲͬ档
νͨˡ
ȻֹĦ֮ԶȲԼȫգȴҲŲСĺôǷŸոս֮ޣַûüԵˣ͸ǸˣԶԣЩ֮޶ģЧͺһˡ
˵Ʈ۵ĴڣԸս֮޵ˣ
ʵ̫٣֮ޣһԶԶģʵ֮١
ֵˡϯλϣһλӡ·վ
ķʣ衣
˵ָӵ
Ц
ţ
˼֡
ǰμƮ۵棬ǿģ嶼ܹ䣬ʱûˡ
ⷮ裬ӥҲһǧ棬֮һ
磿ʦ֣ΪǲΪλǿڣ塣
Ҳ֪һЩ
ţ˵УǿѪǴ˵ĺᣬ֮𣬺ѪżĹϵȻڵͳԽΪ棬洫ľᣬҲͳߣУҲһЩϢͷͬ
Ǵ˵ֹؾһ
裬һλᡣ
뽣ЩƣķΪͱ緮ķҲԽΪķţΪʾҲϵۡʵ֣񷭺ʡ
ʱȻǵ;ԣֹͣ˽̸רĿ
ûκͣ˺ߵľϣֱһ˴һΪ׹;ʱâϳͬ裬תۼڷγһֻצ
~
˷ӿ
̤еķ裬֮ʱ裬ǿʢ˼㣬벻Զ˴£˾ͨ׹;Ǳֵĳھϡ
һ·תۼ䣬ͳ嵽;룬ҡֱϣ۵̨
ǿÿ졣
Ʈ۵ɫ֮һ
˷׷׾̾Ҳ΢΢ͷ
ĿǰΪֹǱֵɫһɺٶױȣƸǾˡ
ԤϵĻӦܶһ̫Ȫıֺ˶ۡ
ߡ
һ쳹漴һӰȻ;
ûѡ񺣱ߵľңֱ̤ںϣǰδе׳٣ɱ˸ôĻ»ֱ׹뺣УȫʧǴ˽£ȴǳһѾ޴ɫ˵ķâ˺档
ǱĲӿĺ棬Ȼƽ˾
һ֣ǰߣ˳Ծ
ľʣӦ󡣡
ԴˣҲİ뷮һͬ
ǺǣһǷʣһǾʣȫͷЦ˵ڰطʱйһսžͳУǵķž֪ˣ಻ǵʵ޼һֱûзֳʤ
ȻѹַͷӦôˬֱӳ潫֮ѹȥ
ģӦҲǷɿĶȹ;۵̨ϣ֮Ҳ˿
濴ţλطʵĶԹӦչֳĽ淨Է÷һʱ˲Сջ
ڷӦмʮϳб֣˵ǰˣʹӥˣҲԶ
Щչֳ淨ϵԷͲˡ
㿴ͻȻ
ԣ΢΢һæ˹ȥֻǰŵϯϣ߳һˣһӣһֿĸо
˵Ŀ⣬˹ȥϣĪ㡣
ĪƮ֮ĿҲϡ
Ԫĵ̡Ŀ΢
Ԫ磬ǷӴĵһ硣
ѡҪȥĶʱԪҲǷǵĿ֮һǵϵѡ˵ؽ硣
Ǻ۽Ŀʮ󶥼˽⣬ҲǽˣԪĵλ
磬ʮ󶥼Ϊʮ󶥼У̫ؾڵĸ֮ϣԪ硢硢ؽ磬ĸ棬Ϊǿģ߲ͨĵؽ磬Ҳͨ磬Ǻųɱ˫Ľ磬ȴԪ֮ʼԪ硣
ʱһ
û뵽Ԫ羹Ȼ֮ǿҲѹֻ֣ԪĿˣһ֮һ˵츳
ڵʱ۽磬ڷʮ綼ɲ⣬ͿͷĴڣֵ˭ǿ˭Ҳֻվڵĸ߶ϣ֪һ
ôҲûʲô鷳λʥ̵ĿˣҲ㲻ʲô¡
Ԫˣ˰ɡ˼˻ſꡣ
ԪȻһؽҲȥ
ǶԷԪĻûʲôôСֵģԪ˶ȥȻ̬ȣȴܸоߵء
嶼еأɼԷĲ
ϡǵã֮ǰ֣ؽܹڵűƮ֣֮ûзϡ
һһλʥ
عͷŷһһ
ʲô
о
ʥԷһλʥ
ѹ֣ѹ֡
ԷʥĻܵ˹עҲͲֵˣԼеᣬӱϯϣʱʱķһĿϣΪע
ЩΪʥ
ʥǺεȵϡ٣Ǻεȵǿ
ڳһǧУƮ۵ֵٺãٳɫҪΪʥļʣãޱȣûаԡ
ʥֻҪ;䣬õĽȻ
ǱʵĲࡣ



1528 ;
û뵽ܿһʥ
૵ĿڿϣǸӦ˷עӣתͷ˷һۡ
Էǹž޲飬ڿʱҲǲɲ£䣬Щսζ
ûȷϸƷζԷջĿ⡣
ʥϡ٣ʥ٣ͬһʱڵʥǾ޽УʷϣƵҼǵֹֻһΣǵڶΡ̲סп
ʥֵļ̫٣ǷŵͬһʱǼʾ͸ˡ
ĮȻ
ϸ˵Ϳ꣬һʱģԷҪȷĶ࣬Ƿڴʱϣȴ˵Ǵͬһʱ
ʵҲûʲôøпģʥͬʱ֣㲻ʲôʷϣ˫ԶֹΪңԶʱ𣬸ǲ׳ҷĲϣͬһʱڣλʥҲټ
ڣͿԿͬһʱˣΪһλʥ𣬴ڵ߷ʱڣҲ꣬ǧ֮á
ͬһڣ˫ԺĶ磬Ҳʥȴ
ڷҲϡһ㣬ʥˣûʲôֵôСֵģϾʥ㣬˶ʥҲˣԶʢ
ЦһĻҲֻзƽĿ˵
Ҫ˵ԪλʥһЩ⡣ͻȻ˵ǰʹ֮ˣԭҲûʲôԴͻͽɳٶȳһӽȥвԱȡ
ͬΪʥȻױõһȽϡ
ʥɲζųɳٶҲ졣
ĳɳٶȣĪ
ȻѹָղŻӶԷĿУоսζԼһЩ⡣
Ԫʣͥ국Աš
£;ߵľϣҲƣ;ٲ;ȥ
뷮衢Ӧһûκε׼ͥ£һɣ˺֣ƺڲˣͥǰȥÿһɣΧĺϣһǸֳྺš
۲
һ򷨳ɿյĸо
תۼ䣬ϾͲ˶ͥһߵ;룬һ޴ƾɣ۵̨
޹Ԫ淨֮һ̾˿
淨֮󣬼ʹλޣš
ͥӦƮ۵ɫˣ⣬Ʈ۵Ҳܳҡ˵
ͬĵͷ
Ȼֵͥģȷ衢Ӧǿ̫࣬ʥݣע˽ĳɾͣԶˣѷ룬Ҳǳڷʥݡ
Ҫ˵μƮ۵ˣȻ綼ΪɫģҪ˵ǣɫҲá
ܲμ֮ˣǴ֮޵ģ˺ܴơ
ܶӳɫ콾ͳһƣʱ̣ûн֮ޣ޷ǰǻ
ڳһǧˣܴ磬ɫ콾Уٵһ֣衢Ӧ޲ˡ
ͥȴǼʹŵ콾棬ٮٮߡ
Ҳһ
֮ͥȥ˱ֵģͲǿˣֱһλ콾֣ɢһֻɫââҫĵطƽ
ȴӦǰ㣬ѹ󺣽Ȼͬάԭȵ״̬ӿȴڻɫâҫ£ͣڿУάԭ״һǱʩʱֹͣķţ㲻䡣
֮⡣
Ǻһǿ淨֮ҫάԭ״̬һ˲伴㡣
淨Լͳţʱֵ֮ͬͲͬĵطӱϿʱͣͣȴűϵ
֮⣬ʱʱ䳤ӣûаϵЧơ
ؽ磬Լʶ˶湦취ип۶һ콾չ淨ϵİأ۽磬棬޴ӹ
Ǹ콾ΪŻں㡣
Щ⣬һˣͬ˲Ŀǰļ˲ȥȴһλ콾

ڽ;ʱ˶;ƺڲͬϣɵ˹ȥ
ˣƮ۵עĿˣһһӱ
ʷ裬ӦͥŻں㣬
ˣֱ磬ں;ʱı֣ҲԶˣǰʮѡ
û˻ɣܽǰʮҪһأľ
ˡ૵
񷮺˾Ͳ˵ˣӥһˣչֳ淨ҲˣջǳѾûֵ÷עģҲûбҪȥ
СʦܣΪɣҪѹһۿ˷Ĵ㣬Ц
ؽ磬
ͷվ
ţ
Ҫˡ
һ߳˵Ŀ⣬˿ͥʱĲҪ֮ϣȻϯϵȻ࣬;ߵģ۵̨ϵˣȫ˹
۵̨ϵˣȻҲܹۿ˵ǵġ
ʥ£סˣٶˣš
һλʥβǹע
Ʈ֮ĿҲͶ÷һţҺöԷûģҲųֻ̂ڱΣ÷΢΢˿
ǺǣεؽμƮ۵ˣûһɫģ뷮ȣͲ֪ⷽΣ
ˣȻţʥ̫ˣӦòŽ֮ûã̫Զľޱ֡
һЩ۷׷ס
Ȼӷȴڵķ
ǿδڡ
˵ۣţ;ϣͬʱоԼϵʹˡ
һͨķˡ
Ҫȹ;ֶΡ
ûмжܲȻòˣԼ淨ȴӦĸı硣
ң̤;󣬷ҲǷ֣Լ״̬һӺõĲˣǺ֮ǰǱһڣûһȪˮˢΧһʱȴǰδе
Ӧþ;֮һ
淨ĸ𣿡
˼
֮ǰҪ޴룬ڳ󣬷ȴһİգȹ;
ģ˳˼Ҳһͷ
ôסˣ
ͻȻһмڶ۵£˵ģ˫ֹˮһ˫ľطվڸһϣЦ
ʥδϵʥ֮һ;ҲȥһЦˣǵؽ磿
ֹˮ



1529 ׹
ؽˣаˡ
˷⣬˶ǽ֮ѾãԶԣҪ;ǲѵġ
ˣ󲿷Ҳˡ
ͬǣе˹ڣ񷮺ˣӥˣҲ˹ıȽϼѣСĽһЩҲܶȹ
ʱμƮ۵ˣ󲿷ֶѾȹ;
ҲֻЩԶ֮ľطʣȽϼѣͣһҲ֮һ
ֹˮʵȹ;Ǻ׵ġ
׼ˣһرסصصȵڣΪ䷽һ
Ǻǣʦ֣αض˵ʲô˫һЦмĿ˷һۣҲǶĵǵʲôϵʱ˵ȥμƮ۵棬˾Ȼ;ȥ
Ҳô˵ϾŸս֮Ҳǣ֪ԼʵãΪʲôҪר˵ģֹˮһЦ
䳰ȷ
ʥΣ˫죬¹˭ޱķֹˮеĵȻ
˲ҵʥɲ¡
˫ԵǵĲѾãԼⷬ˫У»ܵνҲ˵
˲跽Լ͸ңǵʶ
˵ȽΪʥˣֹˮҲôģ˵ʱ˫첻ȥǣѵҴ˫
ңܲܳΪʥδ֪;Ļʲô鶼ûˡ
Ҫǣ˫ʵһֹˮˣǶ˫ݵ˼㣬Ϊһ죬ʤʱ˫Ϊؽϵǿʲô
ģ˫ŸҲӡ

ÿֹˮһۣɴ۾
ֹˮһͣžͲȻŭҲûʲô׼ڷ;ʧܵʱ򣬾Իӳ
·
Ŀ
͵ۣû˰ɣȤдһ𣿡һԵ͵ۣ
˭ΪĿģΪһд衣
˰ɣҶǵؽĴ͵ϵЦݶʱͣѿ
ѣҲܳ֡
帺˱֮ʱ֣ñ˿ЦЩ콾⣬ǲʧְ
ȻڣȻصؽ֮ĳֽ̡Į
ʱ˵ʱ˵͵۸ЦȴǴ⣬Ȼصؽһϳȥʮ겻׼ȥ
д裿ʲôЦ
ǰ˶ʮطۣ֣أ
һС
ǰ͵һжŲȥһаܱ
ҵʱ壬࣬δóȫʵ˴Ĳ࣬͵ۻͬԷд裬ǲŽй¡
ͬΪʥ״ӣǸһġ
ڵʱ̫ˣǼΪϵʥ˫ǰųɾʥȻʱ䳤̣ܾԴʥǿ
ǣѡϣȴųԣʱѡеģ޲һ֮ܣϣʥ
ĴӣʸȵؽĺܶʥҪϵĶࡣ
ȻΪʥޱȣʹûһ˳ɹȴҲ͵ܱ֮ȵģ״ϣر
ϯϣЩͬű֮ʮطۣԹۡ
˵ؽ˫͵ôôԸȻŲһ
˫ǿһǿߣʱܳңѹͬʥĵʥڲʹ£Ҳϲ˫Ķ֣Ը£Ҳǿġ
λʮط۰ѶжȻ
ȻȥֹʲôּɣؽڶԽǾԽ
;
ھϣ粻Ųʣģϻɳһ˿˿âЩâĻһγ˾ſʯ渡ĪĵƣſʯΧһ𣬻Ӱתһơ
ط󣬸˵һơ
ˡ
۾¶ϲ֮ɫûѡ淨Ҳǲң㣬ȴǰһҪ淨ĵڶԲС
С̤ھſʯϣ;ȥ
뿪Һ󣬷ŵľſʯٿȻһ÷һܿ죬ȶķ

ʱעŷˣҡҡͷǶóһѾǼˡ
չ̫ˣ֮޵ʱ̡̫
Ʈ۵һͣûйעļֵ
˶ջĿ⣬ٹעǴпвԼˡ
ǿҲԺˣƮ۵ϣԷƲȻֵùע
ȻһЩ⣬û˻ӷ
ǵĻʱ򣬶δܱȵϷ˫Ͳһ
ʲô
ȵվ;ϣֹˮɵɴ۾š
ôܡ޷š
֪ǲŸոս֮ޣ£ôܺ;ֱǳ˵Σ콾չֵ淨ǰʹ̫ȪͬһĸȪĲˮҲһ㡣
һǿΪ֮ʱֹܱˮܿ侲ҵԭ
˫һλطһ𣬺ܿ۳һһأ߽֯Ʋʣ̤ų׷ȥ
ò˵淨ϵĸȷʵҪ;˵Ҳ£ٶȱȷ죬ûþ׷ȥ
ͻȻ
˷ӿһ˳ŷȥ
ûᡣֹˮ۾һǿάŵķ֧ŲסƱ׹뺣ʱһļ֮ʡ
Ȼֹˮʧǣµľſʯں˵Ļ£Ȼһζţȴٳûб÷Ȼںϡ
һˣͻȥˡ
ֹˮ˷Ĳȣĵڶˣȴû;ϵĲˣģֹˮҲ޷κθı䡣
áֹˮз߷ߣʼΪ߲Զ
ˮ֮ʱǳʱ
ƺվڷһߣ;ϵĲȻϣȴûϮ֣ϷµľſʯƺҲǱԽԽȶ
ء
ٶȻ
ˣһĻֹˮ΢ϲʶΪǷס
ڽ󲿷עڷϣֹˮһλطʣûע⵽ΧĻ仯ٶȴûô٣ȻŽϿٶȡ
;ǶԣûʲôѶȡ
š
ǣûʲôѶȣָȫע£ʲôʱˣϾӥˣǻĺԶ
~
ĻѸٿ
ֹˮɫ䣬æعͷȥʱһ಻Ǿ˹
á
㾡ȫסǰ˵ĻŵҲ֧ŲסµƲʺȻ飬Ǳֵ׹뺣



1530 ʸ
;ߵľϣӰֹˮһλطʳ
˻ʪģǱ˼㡣
û뵽ԼȻ﷭;һǶϣ˸оʹ
ˣзһӲ
ֹˮ͵
ǺܽҲӲⲨ˶뺣᷽ˣҲˮˣʥ˲ô˼ʹҲùһЩ
Ҫˣһ𶪡
ǣֹˮλطڴȥʱȴ֣ȻȻһľӿµľſʯһζţʼûб
ܡֹˮŭ
Ҫ˵ʵҲҪлǵȥ׵ӿˣһ˵ĳ£Ҳѱġ
ֹˮ˵ķģȴȫעҲʱ̹۲ΧĻ仯ȻᲽֹˮ˵ĺ󳾡
ۡ
Цһֹˮ˵ı֣εıԼͲм
͵ɫҲǼΪѿ
ֹˮλطʣ÷ˮҲͰˣƫƫ͵ʴףֱǶ˵ˡ
һ;Ҫ;ˮʲôԭ򣬶׾֮ı֡
ϾǿɲǷǽ֮Ѿܾˣǧϣ˵ͨ;⣬ȴ顣
˵ʲô˵˫죬һϸѡҲѡôɫ˶ǰ鴫ȥ󣬲룬֪˫ܱ
һ£ԺƮ۵϶ᱻ
Ȼ˫죬ʵϵʧϣȻһЩ
͵Ŀ䣬ֹˮλطʣĺ
ԺͻƵʮطۣ˫ǰ;ʮֿˡ

;һɲġ
淨ϵĸ򣬻ɶɺ֮ǵһҪܺϷ˵ĳ
𿴷衢ӥ˹һڣһ㶼Ƿ˴С޶ãΪֵԼʱҲˡ
ֹˮλطʣǷĴ
Ϊɶȹ;оЩӣϾ򵥵һأ;ķ˱仯ûϣŻ᲻£׹뺣
뷮衢ӥ˱ȣǲԶˡ
Ȼᣬصǵĸޡ
;ǰκͺΣźԵǰηƽ˾żзвҲ󣬵Ǻȴǲӿž˲Ϯ
衢ӥǿӣȴУضԴ
ԸտʼܴΡ
ǽ;󣬷ȴǲõ淨ǶԵϵĸ
ΪߵĸԻ⣬ʱͻֱӵĸܣĺôҲġ
һˣһδζ淨ϵĿʣ˷ԼĲȱݡ
ڱĵطĺô
Ա˵Ƕ淨ϵĸǼΪȹ̣;̶ֳȵĳȴһ
淨ϵ૵
ط淨Ѿ˵ڶԲڵ㣬ͷڵʱȥ
ûС
Ϊ
ǰ㣬淨ĵȫһˣҪ֮ޣʵʱ⣬
÷ȥĻǿһ
ҲǾôֹǰˡ
淨ڶԲȻԼȥĸӾʱ򣬾ֳͽˣͽǰûκ©ʹʱܼȥʮа˾Ż⣬߻ħ
ʱȥĻͳԽ淨ڶ㣬û㣬ǽ֮䡣
ݣĻ
ô֮޵ˣ൱Լ֪ʶԸָİ취ȥ顣
һ֪ʶһɹ飬ܿݾǴ֮ޣÿ˵ķͬɵĽȣҲǸͬ
衢Ӧ˵Ľȣʮ֮ŵĻӥ˾ʮ֮ߣֹˮ˾ʮ֮ǸոտʼʱҲʮ֮һˣԡ
ֽȲҪģʲôģûʲô壬ȴﵽʮʮһۿƣԲŻˣ֮󳹴˲֮ޡ
淨ͬʱȻȻľͻʧ
뵽𣬻Žµľſʯ˵ײУ÷Ϸ⣬ҲͣĽ֮
ͬʱطҲԽԽ÷ʩչطĻܱȻǰһ¥
ߵĺȴǳȣµľſʯҲԽԽ̣ģγһ壬תţٲֱ˴ˣʱ򣬷ȻʵӾʹԺεĲ㺣ˣҲ˿壬ں˵ĲĻ£˿
һʯ˷ˣɹĴ;۵̨·
á
̲סкãΪıֶݡ
ԭΪֻͣ;ǰΣû뵽Ȼζˣɹ;һأϲ⡣
Ҫ֪ǲŽ֮ް
Сʦǣ̫˳䲻ˣϣԶ漣΢Ц
͵۵ɫȴǸӵѿ
ΪȻ;ΪֹˮˣȻ˷棬ȷ۵̨
˫죬϶̲סƿڴ
۵̨£ۼˡ
Ҳġ
۵̨ǵڶѹأȺ;౶μƮ۵ˣ󲿷ֶܴ;ܵ۵̨ģȴûж١
ֹˮˣȺ󵽴
ֹˮλطʣͻȻڡ
˵ʲôֹˮŭ
΢΢һЦ
ûǴĻڲǰǸ˵Ϊʥ򵥵;˵Ļڸؽ磬Ƕ
ǻ˵μƮ۵棬Ϊȴ;ȥ
˵ˣ֪ʵãΪʲôҪѵרΪ˶ˣ
Ŀ䣬ĻȴΩΩФĽ֮ǰĳª¶š
ѪѪӲΪԼʲôˡ
ֹˮλطףȴ޷
أ
ˡ
ҳɹĶȹ;̲أȴ;ˮһΡ
ǵ۵̨ٶȣҡ
ʣĵ˭Ƕ˫ˣ
Ҳʣ㱾£ҪμƮ۵רΪ˶𣿡
һʣǱǧ֮꣬ޣȻں;ʱȴոս֮޵˶磬Ƕһǧ꣬ǻȥ𣿡
һʣֹˮλط޵ݡ
ǣҲ˷Ļȫ˹ﲻмĿ⣬֮ͬʱ˲ʧȥǡ
ɱ㡣
ֹˮŭ۾Ѫ죬λطʷ˷
Ȼ
ʸ񡣡
ÿ˶漴ֹˮλطʾʧӲŲƳ;



1531 γ
Ʈ֮
еģȻƮ񾳵ˣһ£ֱӰ˲Ʈ۵ʸ
ϯϵֹˮλطʷŭ쳣ȻƮ֮£ȴһ¶ѣȵ侲ǵʧ
ʶԼʲôʱȴңûˡ
ʼգû˿Ʈ֣֮ȴû˸е֣ǶԷĵ̣Ʈ֮Գ棬˵Ūطˣ컻ض׾٣οʥֶΣġ
κˣƮ۵ڼ䣬ùˣ򣬰ʸ񡣡Ʈ֮
ȴĴÿ˶
ǣ¹
֮ǰûгֹȻʥĵϣ˸ΣǰƮ۵ϣûгֵֹֹˮλطʣҲŭ˼㣬ŻʧȥǰҪ
ȻȴֱƮ֮Ĳ֡
׳գ
͵۵ɫѿ˼㡣
ǶˣǶԣƮ۵ǳͷβʧܡ
󣬵Ȼȥֹˮ˾Բк³͵ԼҲܵǣ²Ĵÿһˡ

ҡҡͷ
ɫûκα仯
ֹˮλطʳҲ˿壬Ȳ˵;˵޷ʹãʹûƣҲģʱԼ˿⡣
ܡ
ˣ˿ֵͬ飬˲ңҲˣǷԭ򣬼Ȼ˫˸Լֻ׺ݵĻȥ
Χ˿ŷĿ⣬Ȼ˱仯
˸ֹζҪ
۵̨
ֹˮ֮½һСܿ죬ע۵̨ϡ
ԵĻϣ۵̨
Ҫõ̫ȪǷѾʶصĹУ淨Ĵʱ
طǷ洫淨°빦
ȻҲһ߶ɺһˣˣں˵ĳ㸲ܼʱ
ڴ֮޵ĽϣڣѾǴﵽʮ֮
ĽĪ
ô׽ĻҲ֮һǼǧ꣬꣬ôˡ
Ʈ۵ô󣬵ˣ󲿷ֶǳ̫Ȫģ淨ϵĽȻҲУз㾪˵ģȴǼ٣ǽȴﵽʮ֮ŵķ衢ͥˣ͸ˡ
ǸǷȱģһѧڻͨӶһͻơ
̫Ȫһõ
۵̨
󲻾ãܿͿ˿ʼԣҪͻ۵̨
һλľطʡ
һâǿѪϳһֻŴ˳շȥ
տʼʱٶȺܿ죬ת۾Խ֮һ
˶ٶԽԽԽ֮ʱͷȻֹµҲȻλطǱĵ
Һڵǰ۳һֻ񣬷»ص;ԣ¿ʼ
ʧһ
˶ǰ̾͵Ƕԣ;ʲôѹأ۵̨ѶȴǴ
ڷǰ˶ԹһΣֻм˳ɹ۵̨˶̾
ܵ۵̨ģʮ֮һ
ҲûˣһڿһҲ;У˵ӡķʼԼĳԡ
Ա߿ٶ࣬ҲԼһεõĸࡣ
Ȼһʯתţŷ
Ʈ۵ÿһصĳԶдģǺ;ǵ۵̨ӡǣλᣬĻᡣ
һλ꣬ͻᱻƳ
ڴ󲿷˶ԣλᶼ̫ˣԶǽе淨۵̨ĳ̶ȡ
ˣû˸˷ѻᣬһʧܻܺ׼ã㹻İպŻԡ
ȻڣͬʱԵȴࡣ
ԹۣҲܴӱ˵ʧܾϣȡһĽѵ
ԣγԣ˵Ŀ⡣
Ȼôͳˣ̫֪ߵغ˰ɡ
۵̨ͺ;Ѷȿɲһġ
Ҳǲ⣬һΣᵽ۵̨ѶȣҲǺбҪġ
⣬ҲЦ
ֹˮ˵ǰ֮ǰʹмˣҲЦȴûн¶
ʯ𣬽ģԽʮ֮һľ롣
ȻٶԽԽ
ȷǿ֮һľʱҲ֧Ųסµʯҡҡ׹ʱĽһεĳԣȻʧܡ
ϡ
ûһ
;ǿҪ۵̨ǲɵûΪܳɹ
۵̨ԭѡź;͵۵̨ͬ
ͬĵطǣ߿ģǶ淨ϵ
ǱʽȴŲ֮ͬ
;ʱںϵķˣһ˵Ļһδ淨ϵĿʣ¶Լвȱݡ
۵̨
ԷΪԽϣµʯԽԽأֱʧȥ׹Ҳδص˭Ҳ۳ʲôǳصķвԭ
տʼʱûģں;ʱҪɣ·ζţҶ淨ճ̶覣Ȼûκ©
ʡš
ܶȹ;ˣ޲ˣڸտʼʱܵκ
ǣԽ淨֮ȱݾ𽥱¶¶ģԽԽ
֮ԻΪ淨Ĳҡ
񷮺衢ͥ˶ֱ۵̨ûκαĳصļ˵ʹﵽԽһȡ
Ҫͱҷʡ淨еȱݣʹ֮
;ǿʣֱָ˲ȱݣֲԲ򵥵ģʹս֮޵ķҲܶȹ
۵̨ûôˣҪҷʡֲ㣬ѶȻ˺ö౶
λᣬȷʵ̫ˡ
Ҳǲòһ㡣
Ҳûжٰգܵ۵̨￨ס˾ˣ֤۵̨ļѡ
ʱš
һһľطʣĵĳԣҪ۵̨˼˳ɹˣ󲿷ֶʧܸա
λˣֻ뿪صϯ
۵̨£ҲԽԽ٣ʼڶγʱΧʣ¼ʮˡ
ڶγԣǰ֮һľϣûж˳Խ˹ȥ֮ǰĳɼ󣬷ٶֻ
ûзһһ㣬
ϵĽҷʡϵĲطȱݣʱǰĦЩǿչֵ淨ϵĺôҲǽֳ
Ȼ淨ͬϵǴྶͥȻ;ͬ飬Ҳпȡ֮
Щ淨ĽϣԶһżͻһһЩʹʱķһ麣࣬ƴļȡ֮ǰյ֪ʶתΪԼĶ
˵û֮ǰĹĦһأϣ
ˣĵڶγԣҲʧܸգԽ֮һľҲ޷



1532 ӡ
ص;ϣһʧܣȴܲѡ
γԣһε֮һһε֮һ֪֮ʹûܵ۵̨ĽҲǾ޴ġ
ʲôԣôҲ÷˰ɡ
һЩоǲ⡣
ڶγԣҲŵ֮һľ룬Ҫ۵̨˵ǳ˵ΣûΪܴ漣Ȼˣ
嵹ûʲô뷨ܴ۵̨£Ѿ㹻Ԥˡ
ʹֹҲûʲô
ȻŲ⣬ܿ죬ûʲô˹עˣΪƮ۵ʵĻڣҪˡ
ӡǡ
Ʈ۵ӿʼ񣬲֪Ѿȥʮ죬衢ͥˣڵһ͵۵̨
Ȼֱղţûһ˳֣ӡǣֳ¡
ҪΪ۵̨ǳ⣬к󣬾ǽһȫµ磬һǵ֪ȫͬĵط棬Ǿжߵǰӡˡ
ɷ衢ͥǺεھʮӦҲǽӦ۵̨ϵĹŹֻ
һأҲʵһأԴ˿ʼ
˵עˣڣ۵̨ϡ
ҵһ
ӥҡҡλεվ˷裬ͥһۣߵǰŭһϳĵ⣬ٴγ˰ͻ֮ǰӵ䣬Ҳӵ
Ȼں;͵۵̨ʱӥûȫԸʱźޱ
~
ԦŰͻӥȻһʼĳƼǿԽһȴȻ½ӥҵֻͻٿȻȻײ档
һ͵ڶ㽻ĵطȻһֻͻӡǡ
ӥأţȴʮ֮ãЦŻصԭ
һͷҲסˣʱ˻ҲӦ۵̨ϵĹŹֻ֤ԼķӲܵӰ졣

һطվӥ֮󣬵ĳɼӥԲλڵһ㣬ûܹͻƵڶ㡣
ļˣûͻƵһ㣬ӥ¶ϲɫϲҲûֶãһλŮǰȥڵڶӡǣӥҲǸ߳һء
˸ͨӥӡǺܿ컬ǰʮ֮ϵģȻжʮˡ
Щ֮Ĳ඼Ҳͣڵڶ㣬ܹڵӡǡ
۵̨ϣ˶һΣֻɫˣûκζ
˵ĿҲˡ
ǺǣȻǶԸȳ֣Ҿ׳ˡʷЦվ
Ҳֻ׳ķˡӦ󵭵
Уභ̣ȫǼҳ㷹
ûӦ󣬾ֱߵǰ
~
âƣֳŷֱƾ˵˼㣬תۼ䣬ͻ˵ڶ㣬㡣
һ㣬ڶ㣬ˡƮ۵ɫ֮һһĻˣ޲̾
һ֣̽ѹȥռͷ
ͻ˵󣬷һǰͷҲ˥գĶˣһӡǡ
жٲ㣬Ʈ֮⣬û֪Ϊӵ㿪ʼͱ֣УҲֻܿ
˿ҪڵĲӡǣͱǴ֮ˣڵ㣬µý淨ĵһΣܰ쵽Զڳܰ쵽ġ
ǰƮ۵Ҳֻм;֮޵ˣڵĲӡǣˣ޲ֹ㣬ڣ˭λøߵͰˡ
ߡ
ͷΪеӦȻȥվܿ¡
~
һӦ˽һ֮ǿҪڷ֮ϣпŵˣǱţǶԣȳ̶ȵĹûмܽ
ȻˣͻƵٶҲǱĻ
գ뷮ͬһ߶ȵĵطһѷâ¶ĳ˵ıƴһƽ֡
ӦôĲ鲻ԸҲֻܽʵصԭ
Ԫͥվһ£ûзӦľƣȴǲȶٶţգٽĲĵطһ
λñȷӦ󣬻Ҫ߳һЩеһ
Żں߳ڵһɫâȷӦҪԵһЩ
󣬻Ļ
ҲУ͵һûзӦķâ¶ҲûͥĿֵ˶ʶ
ʣ
üͷ΢壬ĿĶӰ
ȵǰӰȻҲһӰ㣬Ʈ
һ㣻
ڶ㣻
㣻
λãӦúں޼˳
Ȼ
𾪵ǣԽںµӡλãˣٶûֹͣ
ˣӦ󶼳ˣôôܣͥҲҪλ֮£
ʲô
ͻ˵㡣
˶ˣŵ۾
Ĳ㡣
ڵĲλϣһõӡǡ
֮ϵĳɼ
ôܣѵ˵Ѿ֮ޣ˲ŵ
ʵ̫Ԥˡ
˵ӡ󣬱ʮֵ˵ӡУƮ۵ͥӦǵһλģʥݣʵҲ顣
Ӧͷԩңâ¶ǿҵӡ
󣬲ں㡣
ںı֣Ԥϣ̫ˣȫǴǵ
ҪĲӡǣ֮ޡ
ǡ
ûУûд֮ޣһ㣬̫ȪмĻڡһλʮط۳
ڳʮطۣҲжʮλǵ۹⣬Ȼһ۾ܿûд֮ޡ
ûд֮ޣȴĲӡǣʲô
漣ֱһ漣
޷ĳɾͣȻǳ˵һļʣΪʥ
𾪲ѡ
ͥˣҲֵĿǵһʶһ㡣
صԭ
ˣֳ
еһģͥӦеں㣬ˣǲŷϾλᣬҲֻһΰˣȫ޻ᡣ
ǺᣬǼޱȡ
ǿǹϵû̫Ȫİһ̫Ȫ֣ǵʮմ֮ޣһܽʡʱ䡣
۵̨ϣΪǰʮͷѪ֮ʱ۵̨£ҲûзԼͳԡ
һΣΪӡǣ˶ȫԸûб
Ҳ÷ܹ۶õ淨İأ棬Զ֮ǰ
û۵̨ϵչ֣İȷʵ󣬿ڣȴһİա



1533 Ʈ֮Ŀ
۵̨¡
һһ˷صϯϣۿ۵̨ϵıֻ֣зһˣ
Сʦеļעŷˡ
ҲΪܵ۵̨
Ļ̫ǳ淨Ҫһ죬ϼѣǶλСʦܣҲһ˽ģΪνӶȥ֣ȻŬţ˵һЩա
ѵ˵ܵ۵̨
ͻȻð뷨Լһе˼顣
±ûд֮ޣȴĲӡǣѷɫɡ

ʼɡ
ΣҲһγԡ
һʯһΣҪǰζҪ˳׾Խ֮һľ롣
ܿ죬µʯԽԽ
׼Ҳļһһ㣬ĵţ淨ԼȱݣǶԵϵ⣬һַʯ棬࿹⡣
⻹
ۿԽһľٶȼûлңͥϵõĸʱʱĻΪһ÷һӸ࣬طӾµʯҲǲϱ仯š
ŷط̬Ҳ𽥵ģ˾˵ı仯
һ˿˿ɫ棬ҫ۵Ĺâʯϣտʼ岼ģʯɢȥڣʯɫ֣һ̫âҫ
ʱȻԽ֮ľ롣
µ̫Ҳǽء

٣طֱ仯УٴλζչֳģŸĸ
ĸҲͬӰط̬ģ̫תһֻ
ڡ
Ƕڷģطģ
طͬҲط𣬷طֱָ˵;רһˣҲʺط
ڣĥº͸£طԼĵ·ǳ͡
ų򣬴ŷҡֱϣ۵̨
ɹˡ
忴ϲɫ
û뵽Ȼˣ˾޵ı֡
šп
ȻҪ緽㣬Ҳûôס
ǵ洫͸طϣԲôɣңҲǼ侪ˣͬǹۿչֳ淨ϵİأе˸࣬е˸١
һ˶ģ෴μƮ۵ˣ
Ȼˣʱ˵עͥ˵ıȴûж˷ַѾ۵̨
Ƿ֣۵̨϶һʱ֪α顣΢ЦʮڴһĻ
~
ո̤۵̨ھ;һζű˵ǿﵽ˵۵̨ʮǿͥӥˣûñȵġ
Ҳ
淨Ǻεȼѣ֮ǲ֪˶ˡ
ʹǵ洫ҲҪʱȥһǲ죬ܵ۵̨ѾǷļˡ
ڶ̶ʮ͸ͥӥˡ
ϾҲͣǧģǺεȵǵ츳ֻȥ
ۿ淨ϵĸҲһֱõģܸ࣬ĻԺãƾͻƣμƮ۵ˣһ붼֮ޣ类֮޵ģҲٵһ󲿷֡
;ͬ;ͬ飬ɲͬϵ淨֮ĲҲǴŵģ޷Խ
գܸģˣи๱ס
۵̨Ҳʮˡ
ţȵȣǡ۵̨󣬷Ȼһоǽһ磬ңΪϤ硣
ֻ硣
о𣬿۵̨Ŀ뷽ֻ֪Ų֮ͬȴͬһԴ
ϾƮֻ֮ϵȻԶġ
˵ֻ˽룬Ҳ֣ܿʱ򣬾ֻ֮ٵֻ棬ﻹƮˣԷܣֻչֳ˲쳣Ҳʲô¡
չ淨ģ޷ҲС
۵̨
ѵ˵Ʈ֮ٿƮ۵紦֮޵ˣǽǵ淨
һʱ䣬³Ʈ֮Ŀġ
Ʈ֮һ򱣳ʮ󶥼֮⣬ʮҲֺκˣȻˣٿƮ۵ǳʲôĿģȫ˽ף²á
бʮ󶥼вȵԭڣϾ̫Ȫ̫֣Ʈ֮Ǻõģó
ڷڣԷΪ֮
̫ȪΪջ紦֮޵콾ǰ
֮ԲҪʮطۼǿߣΪƮֻ֮أڵ㣬òһǿߣʥ֮ҪʮطǰҲʲô¡
򷨣ѵ򷨲֡΢
ûпô࣬ǴƮ֮˼·Ʋ⣬ȴ򷨲ֺܽӽ
ǣ뷽򷨲֣ȴȫͬͬն
򷨲ֻ֣磬άֵʱܳܵߣĻԻ⣬֡
Щ콾µӡǣճɾ򷨲֡
ת䣬Ժͷ
ȻЩȫǷԼĲ²⣬ҲһİգϾԷû뵽һֻͬص˲
ȵȣ棬ֻصҲһЩƮ֮ôţܻ
ɫĲֻصˣӦҲаɡ
˵ˣƮ֮Լһ
ȴû뵽Ʈ֮Ҳû뵽ԤƲ㡣
Ʈ֮ǺεţֻҪֻصˣһ۾ܿ
ʵҲǴھǿһ
Ʈ֮Ӳֻ̨֪֣ڱϵֻҲΪߣ֪һƮ֮ȴûУȻ֪顣
ңֻصҲ̫٣Ҫѡ
Σ˵ⶼһǧѷ۾
Ʈ֮ûʲôָġ
̫ȪΪգҲиջ˫һԸһԸȫû⡣
ڱ˵ģ̫ȪɶԷԣôģȴ۵̨
ǣԻֻذ
ܶ˭˵ͬһ淨ˣչ¶󣬸϶ġ
ڵؽ̨ϵջ񣬷ڵϵϵ⣬ˣؽĵޣչֳⷽݣ˵ûʲô塣
淨
طֻ֮أ淨ڳУҲһͬط֮ˣǵ淨õĸҲ࣬ˣǷõĺô϶ڴĶࡣ
淨ֻصѶȼߣûʲôݾߡ
ڲһˣƮ֮չֳģֻ淨ǸߴģȻڸݣҲⲻˣеǣĿǰݡ
ָЧҲõģֱ۵ģҪǿ౶
ֱȵϣֻ֮Ĵ
ڱĵط淨ǳ̬Ļĺ£ʱƮֻ֮أԷ˵ǲġ
ʧʱܲѣط󣬽Ǹ⡣
ȳƮ񾳣Ҳ١
Щֱ۵ĸ⣬ֻǷ˼ٶȣ㲻룬˷ĲΣڶԲȴٶȽУʡµʱ䡣



1534 
ڸ۵̨ĹУָоޱȣ˳ȥµ֪ʶӭж⣬ûκѶȡ
÷һֻ֣ڣֻ֮ĸо
ʲôӡǣʲôǰʮʲô̫ȪͱԺ󣬺ǰ޾֪ʶȫǲֵһᡣ
֪ʶ֮УȻңÿʱỵܸ̈оԼڽţţ¶
֪УλҲڱ䶯ţ۵̨ıԵƶ
һʼעĿϾ˶ӡǵΪĿ⣬ŷƶȴǽ˵۽硣


ŵ۵̨ϣϯϴ⣬ȫɵ˰㣬ŷĿ⣬ڿһ
ô£һոս֮޵ˣ;۵̨
ʲôЦ
ûԸһʵǵĳ̫ˡ
ǣʵǰ
۵̨ϵģǷٰ
ս֮ޣ͵۵̨ѵ⼸ǧ꣬ǻȥ𣿡һλؽĵԳҲ֮ǰֹˮ˵Ļ
Щһֹ۵̨ˣ˵
ǻǵãҪǳٵĶŶɹ;۵̨¸տʼı֣Ҳһǣʧˣˣȴɹ۵̨
һʼĲǣǿȹ;淨ĽҶһλʮطأûвμƮ۵ʥݣҲӵĿꡣ
ˣҲʼչעļ֮һ
˳ɳ˾η޷δܳɳһ
λʮط۳˵ɼ𺳡
Ĳӡǣ𺳣Ҳˣ̫˼ˡ
۵̨ϣҲޱȡ
Ҳעڿ;ıʱͷ˼עΪεƮ۵нǸͣʲôڱ֣֪
ͬΪʥôô󡣡
˵ֹ
һЩ˵Ŀͥúߵɫѿ
˱˵ȻӣƮ۵Уͥıֳ֮ҲһȻǷޡ
ںͷһȣȴȻʧɫ
Ҳǵ۵̨ˣһУȴʲô֡һλ˫ľطʵҲǵؽ紳۵̨Ψһ˫ġ
ʵҲˣǿ۵̨Щͬն
ǺǣһΪϣиñءһλŽľطЦƮ۵ǵؽıʵڲô
ߡ
⻰һ˫ľطʣҲɫѿ
ؽΪǿĸ֮һ̫ؾȻڱĶ֮ϣƮ۵Уȴûõóֵľطʡ
˵ͥˣʹӥǱȣҲв硣
ʧؽ
ͬΪ̫ؾڵĸ֮һȻҲûͥһˣӥͬģȴкüлˣǰʮѡ˵Ҳûʧ档
ԪͽͲ˵ˣһͥһӦ󣬶ǰ
ȽؽͲࡣ
ɽ˲ųûʲô˵ģһεƮ۵ǵؽ˲Ҳǰʮһλ޲
Ʈ۵֮ʱ̫˭Ҳ޷֤ʱ֮޵ģжپ콾Ҫ˭˲ŵʱ
ؽƮ۵ϱֲѣҲζʱڣûõóֵˡ
һؽ磬ķ
ǾӲɡŽľطЦҲвˣ׷ͶмĿ⡣
з磬Ĵ粻ҲѾá
ȵȣǲŸյ۵̨İɣȻܹƶˣͻȻһλطʾ
⻰һ˶һʶ⡣
ǰǶ۵̨ʵסˣ˱ķ棬ڲʶԾ
Ҫ֪ʹЩɵ۵̨ˣӦ˺þãǿ˵ģôܣ
𾪵ĿУƶţĽӽ
ڣվ·
ѵ˵˶ɫ䣬ҲһЩۺڴҪܷ漣
ս֮ޣͺ;۵̨ǿҲˣʥв֮ͬҪӡǣʲôЦӥҡͷ
ţ
ȻĻû˵ڿն
ôܡӥһΧ޲ˡ
ܣûκԻ淨̤ϣûܵκ谭㣬ҡֱϡ
һĻӥͥ˿Ӷɳ
ǲܵġ
ԽԽѣ谭ҲԽûԻ淨ôͻЩϰǷϵȴȫͬ
˶ˡ
ѵ˵ǷĲɣһλطʿЦڣԼãһЦ
ں;۵̨ʱļ裬в˿ġ
һ㣬㣬㡭
𾪵ľĿУϣµĲ¼ͣ˵㡣
ӥѾ˵ˣоһҲûõȥ
˵û֮޵ڵĲӡǣƮ۵ǰδе漣ĻǷʲô
漣е漣
Ÿս֮ް۵̨ǿĿİġ
ˣǰĳǵ⡣
ʱ˵ĵͻȻԵĿ־壬Ǳʲôֲ޶ˣָоÿʧĸ죬ȼ΢΢ü⣬˶ǻþ
һ𣬴ӳ֪ʶ״̬оѹ
ҲϷԼ״̬
ǰ
ǿ׵Ȼɣѹȥԥָһӡǡ
Ȼһ·½
ͥһӡǴӷǰֱ֣˦ں档
ôȵ̧ͷŷ֣Լӡǵĵطڵ㣬ԵǰδУƮ۵ʼʷǵһڵӡ֮ˡ
ʹЩ֮޵콾ҲֻڵĲӡǡ
عͷһ˫˫֮
ˡϵԼ״תϾŪô¡
ı仯ҲǳԤϡ
ֻɵ֪ʶУһʼãģȴǳУѶܣ޾֪ʶ糱ˮӿ÷գʱ˳첻ˡ
ȵӦѾǵ㡣
Ҳ֪ʶĺġ
Ʈ֮϶Ѿֻ֣ءɫЩѿ



1535 ع֮;
زŽǾͲǷˣĴ㡣
Ʈ֮ɵӣ۵̨еĺ˱ֲ֣㣬ҲΪʥˡ
Уôѹġ
ֳ֪ʶе״̬ԴϣԼ޷˳֮˳ΪͻȻΣУӶѡ
Σ˭Զ
ֻ̨ӡдϢҲ÷ӿ϶
ֻ̨ٴγˣٻĴּһΣһܲЧȴްա
ʥĵ£ֻ̨ڱΣЧ˵ϻжãϾڵֻ̨ܷӲֻ֣ĵ£ʥ˵Ʈֻ֮ͬصˡ
¶ˡ
ĽԤϣںҲˡ
ҲԤϲ۵̨ʱᷢƵҲǰδȵڼ䷽оʱȴѾ޷ͣˡ
ȻвȻǴ󣬵һҲһ෴ջ޴󣬹򵽵ֻز֣÷̵ʱڣֻصĵڶԲ
Ļǧѷֻ꣬ôģҲֻһΡ
еʧռˣҲǲʵġ
µҲֻһһˡ
΢΢ҡͷγԵĻᣬصϯʱӭ˾ɲĿ⣬޶ãеǣûа¶
üͷ΢壬Щǵ˹ЩԤС
ʦ֣ʲôµȻȥ̸ЦЦ
п϶ɻ󣬲ﲻǽ̸ĵطһʥĵ͸¶ԼܣǾǶԷɵ¡
á
˵ͷ
۵̨ϡ
뿪ң㣬һʱ䶼ЩȻ
̫̫ˡ
Ĳ࣬׷ˣϾ漣ô׳ֵģҲͲΪ漣ˣᣬģ漣е漣
ӡǡ
Դκ˵֮ģ˳Ϊġ
˭Ҳû뵽Ʈ۵ĵһᱻһǰû˿õߣ޿飬˵ǰ޹˶ҲǺߵĳɼߣķڷ
Ǻǣոջ˵ǵؽֵʵڲôأؽһطͻȻЦ˸ոճԼˡ
Щ˵ɫһӱʮѿ
λŽľطʣ粻
Ƕ̫ˡ
ոջ˵ؽ˱̫䲻ĴڷӱΪƮ۵޿ĵһ
ʲô˵ġ
ǵؽˣĳɼûñ硣
ʹؽ˶ûκα֣Ҳ޹ϵһˣ԰˶ȥԪ硢ֵĸӳɫ
Щſڽģؽ˶ʱг쵽˼㣬еһʹķй˳оһü˵쾡¡
ǶԷǳ˺øУ˫λطʣڹϣҲ˵ԷĻ
ûãͥҲƮ۵˷׷׷ء
󣬾Ʈ֮Ʈ۵Ľʣõ˵һһ̫Ȫ
ͥҲû˷һγԣϵӡǣȵһγʱҪԸһЩٳ߸ͷһҲΪˣǵǴ֮ޣ򲻿д
˻άԭ״ȻͣڵĲ㣬ͥǣҲûܳԽ㣬Ӧͷʼձͬһ߶ȣ˭ҲӮ˭
ҵģʣĸ
һڵڶλߵ˻á
ԭƾɱӲĶһ
̫Ȫ΢΢Ц
֪֮ûѵõ̫ȪĿ֪꣬·תջǵõһݡ
ҲǴ˴εջ֮һ
Ƚͥڵõ̫ȪǵͻۣϾܿʼԴ֮ޣȴ첻
ĻǲЩڴ֮޵ϣͣǿ۵̨ĲΡ
֮ͥͣǧˣ˴˼Ĳ࣬޷һԽ
ǣջҲǴĳ󰡡૵
Ʈ۵еջ񣬼һ̫Ȫһİգڽ֮ޡ
ʷϣδֹǧɵۣпܳ֡
ѹ˼飬̫Ȫ
λϯϣͥˣƵƵŷȻζ벻ͨôģɻһֱţδܵõͣǺͷĹϵҲԶܣǴɡ
˲ȴ֪
ԭܼ򵥣Ի淨۵̨һ⣬ûκεĶԿΪ
ǵΪϣ˳£֪ʶࡣ
ߵѶȲ죬Զ
ûܵκ谭ɾϵĵ㣬Ҳ˳ƶΪĽֻغĵĵطƶһ㶼
ӡΪΪ
ξ飬Ժʹֻͬص˽Ʈ֮Ҳй¶ֺˣҲûԤϵ£ռ˴ˡ

ȥɡ

Ʈ۵ˣҲȺ̤Ϲ;
飬ȴǲĳǰ˷ɢ
Ʈ֮װռôˣ˫Ǿֵ¡
˵Ʈ֮Ӧŭ᷽ʸ񣬶˵ûжأԷûн·ڣʼգƮ֮ûκαʾ۵̨ΪǷǳģûκһ㡣
ԽоԽ
ζţԷܽŹ
Ʈ֮ڹâ֮УòҲ飬ûܲ²⣬λʥڵ뷨
Ҫġ
Ȼֵĺ򶨣ûне뷨Ǳ¶廹
߰ɡ
˵ͷ
ʱɱһһȥ󣬳漱ٷȥ
̺죬ɾ
Ʈ񾳵ãȴûа͵ȤȫעţӡϢĻģһвͻԥĽ֮飬ٻؽ
ڷԣ粽롣
ϵԨ纣ʱ׼ų֡
ľɫʧ˽ʱĵ·ϣʵĹâͨмģΧľʧĳֳһ
ڡ
޾գƮ񾳵ĵص㡣
һ·˳磬޽١͵΢ЦȻƮ۵ϣǵؽıֲѣҲûʲô˵ģֻܴһʱڣǵؽû̫ɫִ֮޵콾
Щ˻ǣֱ֪ߵغǵؽΪĴǿ֮һġ
͵Ц
鲻
͵Բɣ˫ıҲΪɫѹǣȻؽıֲѣȴҲӰ͵۵顣
ޱ顣
͵˵Ĳ֪Ϊʲôһ֣ʹԷһٵ뷨ĪģֲЭĸо
ȵȣҵݣΪʲô֮ĻȫҪԳüͷڵǵݸߵˣһı֮𣬶֣һʮطҲ͹ˡ
ԼγΪ˱ĳһΪҪ
ǡ
ĿɨˣҡҡͷЩȻҲ콾Ʈ۵ϵı֣ȴ汣ĺԶ
ʲô૵
ͻȻ
Ǵ۽ˣ콾ǿĲ˼飬ΪʥͥǴ漣Ǿܼ֮ʶ淨Ҳǲˡ
۵ԸոչȥƮ֮нֵ
һ
ʥ漣ʥ漣ؼԵִʣ͵سԺĳЩجļ両ֳ
Сʦܣγ棬Ϊ˱Сʦܡ
ǴһجоѣڷļԺ
ţСʦܣˣյСӲ˪Сʦܡ͵Ŀ塣
û͵ۣʱȻ֣ߵķˡ
Ϣʲôʱʧģ֪
ΪµǣЩˣǵûκβڷһм䶼ʧˣǵûгֹôһˡ
һɺ͵سţ
ǺεȹĪ
ǿʮطۣϢУ˭֣Ҳ޷϶޷϶йȥ˶á
Ʈ֮ϳˣȴûκ֤ݣҲƮ֮⣬ղŷϵ飬ȷʵпƮ֮ΪҲпĳλʥ֡
Ҳпܣĳλóξʥ֡
ȫ忴ˣͻȻŭһǿը죬ֱţǲҽ
ʲô͵ŭ
ʵԶ壬ԷĴ󲿷ֱԼ͵ˡ
ǣҲܿ˲ס
ȵȣСʦܣʥãȥˣΪʲôվʮطۣܵӰСġ
£͵Ҳ˹漴ʧɫ
ʧˡ
Ҫ֪Ȼ˳ۣΪ˫ĴӣǵӷλʥԸɳڷʧȴԴʱû⣬ƫƫʱ£֮ؿ֪
͵̻ˡ
ʲô
ʱʥֻԪͥһһʥ
λʮطۣãȻȻûŪף׷ʲôǵļȻûйڷһС
͵۵ĳȥ޷жϣЩϷʲô
ô죿͵۷ҡ
ϻعؽ硣ʱҲ˲Ϻ͵ۼƽˡ
ֵģȻʥŻλʮطһС
ܶԿʥģΨʥʹ˵
ż羡֪ͨ˫ǳ֣صء
ãá͵۲ҵ
¡~
һ̴ͨؽͨ



1536 
塢͵ۣԼԵľطʣϾͨص˵ؽ硣
ڽؽһ̡
ףôˣȻ˷һλطͻȻоǲ˼֮ɫ
ǵؽʥεƮ۵ѹȺۣǰδе漣ǰüôᡭô
һλطҲ
֮󣬸˻ȻѣǴγѣڷļصǵԺһУӶԼ֮ǰı֣ҲȫȻ޷⡣
Щ˵ı仯˶٣һۣ漴ٶȣص˵ǡ
ʦ𡣡
磬˵סĹ
ϷӰǿѹȫӰֳһ壬Щ죺ʲô£
üͷ΢壬һûɵĲ
λ״ӣһ񣬺ٻʧ̬һ֣ζţд·ˡ
ͻȻһע⵽ֻ壬һȥμƮ۵ķȴûлõ΢ǡ
ע⵽쳣Ŀʱɨؽ磬ȴûзκηټ
ʦСʦܲˡ弱Ҳҵ飬ԭԭ˵һ顣
ǻ·ϣСʦʧˣڳˣڣûκβǶǵùСʦܵһУҺ͵ۣѵģûκα仯ڽؽǾͻȻ˹
ȻļҲû©ϸڡ
ʥˡĿ֮ôĵӣƤҪˡ
ʮ󶥼֮䣬Ƕһĵߣû˻ȥƻԴСǺܶӵΪˣʥԳ֣ȥԸһλطʣԴСݣʶ֮
Ч£һܳɳ˫ȥɱ˵ţȻܾˡ
ߣǻʥ£ȱĥ£ǿҲɳ
ϴθ廹ЩǲײĲᡣĮ
һ٣ٶƻأڸֱӶԷ֣õŭޱȡ
ʦ˭֣̲סʵ
ʱҡҡͷһβһγֵʥΪΣҲŷִ磬Щطڽؽ󣬾˹˵Էҽؽ磬ⱻǲ
Ҳ˵Էάֵʱ䣬뿪Ʈ񾳣޾յؽ硣
ʵϣʼ൱ڽƮ񾳵ķΧˣֹƮ֮ڵǸ硣
᲻ᣬƮ֮ЩԥƮ񾳵ʱСʦܾе㲻ԾܸоеĲƮ۵ϵı֣Ҳȷʵ̫˼
϶Ѳ˸ϵ򣬶Էץôʱ̫ɺˡ
˵ͷ
ǳ޾գؽŶãʶԵʱܹҲͼ仰ĹѵģڵǰܻӰţˣûмǴʱҵļ䡣
ȷȷʵʵͼ仰
ôʱʥ֣÷ʧˡ
˵Ʈ񾳼䷶Χڶ֣ΪܣƮ֮ôҪԼɣֱƮڶֲ͵ˡ
ȻʱݣûаɿĸоΪʥҪɱĻһͷ͹ˡ
Сʦ
ʱû£ûκα仯ҲҲλãֻҪһм̻ᷢп繥
һ˿ɱӵ¶ǵ˶Ȼ
ˣеǣȴûʧ
ȷʵޱȣҲܱס飬ڳǣҲκʱκεطЧġ
Щط䣬ʹᣬҲӲã˾ǳ䡣
ڷû£ΪûаѷЩطڲ뱻ؽҵԷĶȻֱ֮ӶԷ֣ģķʽĻûôˡ
Ʈ֮ҵᡣĿ
ǶԷĪ⣬Ʈ۵֮ʱ򣬸Ͳ¶⣬׷鶼ŵĻʱʹȥˣˣҲһʡ
Ȱɡ
Ƕ֮ˣţһܻΪĵġ
ǰһΣλʮط׷ɱҲǳɹ
Ҳֻܼϣڣˡ
ͬʱ嵣ŵķҲΣյʱ̡



1537 Ե
ججоһѷѣηΡ
ǣԼƫƫûκβ׵ĸоһжԵȻ
ΧһƬ½ĳʱǰһƵɽ壬ûֹײȥûоʹͣϢĴɽ棬ûκײɽ岻Ƶġ
ɽ󣬳ֵĲǿյɽҲǼʵʯһ޼ʵε󺣡
ںˮţһӷ˱仯ȵɳĮΧ޾ɳ
࣬ʤ
ƬΣƴһ˷ǰ磬ƫƫһЩ仯쾭һ㡣
˼άޱȣתļΪٶۣΣج塣
֪˶á
ޱȻҵ磬Ҳƺߵ˾ͷΧֳһ޵Ĳ԰ףʧȥеɫʡ
ǰֳһƬɫʣԶ𽥳硣
ֱ仯޲ûͣǰĻȥ
ͻȻ
ƺǸӦʲô
ؿڣһâ͸һϣʱֹͣͣͣתɢݳ
Դӷľ۷壬һֱڵĻâˡ
ǰĻ磬ϵĻâҫ£Ҳ֪ʲô仯Ⱦ
ţ
Ҳʱڵľ޴仯÷͵ؾѹǴһجУѡ
ԺУ֮̾ǰм䣬Ҳ÷ԼĴ
á
˲ģѹڵĻâ޷ƿصһֻͬھѵ磬üֹ
ˡ
ˣ뿪Ʈ񾳼䷶Χ޾յһ̣Լħ̰㣬߽Աߴ򿪵һͨ½Ļ磬ߵˣȻȥûκηӦ
ʥʥ֡
׹жǿö֪ϢһģΨʥܰ쵽
Ժ˼תʱϣȴûиϸϸ˼Ĺ
Ϊѵһ̣ȻʼǰĻ磬ԼٶϮ
Ȼ֪ЩϯϮʲôҳԡ
ֻ̨
һʱ䣬ѡٻֻ̨Ψֻ̨֮ϣͻϮл
Ȼ
һ浽ֻ̨һȴʧЧˣûӦٻ
ûʱԥҲģŵ⣬Ȼıֻ̨ڷҲûѡˡ
ҵˡ
ؽ磬ڷͬʱ֮ĺâ
~
һ̱ڼ߲ϣ硣
ִŲߵĵŭ֣֮ǿҪǰһ֮ϣܸӦ⼶𽻷ˣֻǰ޾⣬ᴩز񷣬ֲֿ޷
վǸ̫ԶʹּʱȴҲЩˡ
ı棬ǹЮ޾Ĳ߿繥ʱʷǰеĴըһжڱһжڻ
ǡ
ʦ𡣡ȻվִŲߺգϾ
ִĵǽӽ޵еģֻҪЩڲ֣ⳡսҲ˶ãҶԷͷ¶β¶ݣʵȻԶǵĶ֣ⳡսһᣬϾͽˡ
˻ȥеĲҲɻԭæȥ
شǼһֱɱˣԷǳ죬ûûս
СʦأϵİΣ
û£ҲٻʱȻᱻȴӦòڻ䣬ȻҲ׹û̹ܰȻ
壬̴ǰԵѷȫĴ
Եһ𣬴󾪵СʦܱȥԵ罻ĵط
ǳֵ޾գԵ֪жԶҲֻʥôʱѷ
÷ѵļʱǽ˻磬¾̫ˡ̾˿Ҳżңվû޿صĵز
Ӧò׷ɳ֣ȥԵ׷ɱ
ˣ϶ǰԵһСʦܰȫĴأǰߵģȻԷʥҲΣͬٷ



1538 ʯǺ
ޱ޼ʵĻ磬ֲʡ
һ߲ͷĺɫɽبڻ֮УܱߵĻӿҲΡȻ
Ȼ
ǸӦʲôɫɽȻһζһֲ޷ӰӺɫɽиֳȻһӴĺɫħ
ɫħչԼϣĹʯΧĻʧ
תۼ䣬Ӵĺɫɽͳʧ˺ɫħ

һԶߴӰƿ˻磬ںɫħǰ
ոյľˣͬӲʯֻ޴ֱۣÿһֶֻ˺磬ѹ
Ԩ߸
ɫħ˻һ䣬ͬס
ҲӦˣı۾˿źɫħЩء
ҳ˯ֱ꣬ող˸Ӧɫħصߵʱ򣬾ͻ˺ɫɽ¸Ͳᾪ
࣬Ȼһ˿ϢҲҵѪڲı۾˵˵ͷǿҵ֮ɫҶǿҵĸӦѪĲɼȻйأڻеֻϧһţոҸӦʧˣֻȷµλãǻ罻ĵط
硣
ı۾˻Ǻɫħ鶼ǼΪأǳ̰
ǻеЩ˵£ı۾˶Ȼ
˵ţҡҡͷ
Ҳ޷׿߽磬пսЩνʥȺ֮
ǵĺȥı߽ͻǵע⡣ɫħ˻
棬ǿȺɹʹǿ
áı۾˵˵ͷ

Уһһ߸ʻţһ߶żʻʯ
ĴվڴͷĿ⾯ɨܣһ֣Ͼͻ֣ųΣա
֣ʯǺʲôʱôȫˡߵĴ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ʯǺҲƬڼΪΣյڣƵʯǷУǳΣգһвп档
˷֣˸սʯǺʱ򣬱Ƚæ⣬ǰûб仯⣬Խ룬ʯǷԽԽ٣Ǳİȫˣͷԡ
ѵ˵ʯǺԽԽȫһֱˣұߴ󺺲²
˵˵
ǳӺ󷽴һºߴ˳һۡ
ܹܡ󺺺ȻһЦ
ʯǺ˵ġܹܿ˵ܼʯǣΣյģʯǺ֮Իɾ˲ҽ룬Ϊ̾ŵĻ壬ᣬǰռʯǺϳǽеˣΪǵ
˻~󺺵һ
ǿǼΪǿĻ壬ĶҲоطʵǿߣʮطۣȻһۣǴǵĶзȴǻأǿĲ˼顣
ǣǡ뵽Ŀ£˵ˡ
˵һȺˣֻҪһֻ֧顣
Ҫ̫룬ӦòȺᡣܹܳżΣеѡֺðսʯǺ
󺺼䣬ܹܷ׼ȥ˼ǰյգҲ¶˾֮ɫ
ȷʵ̫
ʯǺĻȺϲĵطԽ棬ʯǾԽࡣ
ѵ˵淢ʲôʣܹһ
ҲѣϾû֤ݱʯǺ⣬óȻ̫ĻΪ
ȵȣܹܣиˡߵĴͻȻһָǰһλá
һ󺺺ܹæȥȻ֣ǰһʯϣһӰȥδ֪
࣬ȥûоȡܹܳµ
Ӧһǿʯϡ
һ˵꣬˺ۣǿʯϻЩѪҺȻǾһս
ܹܣô죿ʵ
꼴ԵͬΪ壬ܼȣӦʯǺṥӦδĶᣬ̫ܻܹܳ
ҪҪʾС㣿ߴС
Իȥʾܹܵ
ܹܣϺһǱ˵ĻĻ
ˣҲǸ˵ļһʲôвܹܵ˼ȥˡ
˽еĶȴûͣ£ۡ
۹㣬Խ֮סԽߣˣȻǱײ㣬Щʹ֮סһ
ú󺺣ܹܣûһ£󺺣ˣҲֻܹԹ˼䣬ܿҲġ



1539 
ʮ뿪ʯǺķΧһ·ƽ£û˵еĶᣬϵ˶˿
ǵĵٴһЩʯǺĻܷ֣ԼʯǣȻȫʧ̾ĶᣬҲӰ
ʯǺѾΪʷ

ججУڻѹоһʹҵڱţʹ
ԥҪ޸ϵʹԼѹ±ߵ
÷еǣ֪ʲôƺܵ˼ƣǵ޷۳޴ĹܶõҲǴۿۣԶԶ۷ʱ
Ƭ̺󣬷ϻɢݳһ㵭̹⣬סȫ̹£Ҳڻת
ֻǺתٶȣǰҲһһء
òףָһЩͬʱڱߵ˳ܵĻ
һССңװϿӦòʲôݸ߹˾סģͬʱҲܸоԼڸƶ֮С
ۣ
˼
Щĵģڵʲô
Ϊı仯ָоԼ˵ѾϤĵطˡ
ɶ񰡣Ʈ֮˳رдޡ
䵽زƮ֮Ѳ˹ϵ
ⳡԷжУԷûֱӳ֣ڱģƮ֮λصʥܽʱյôãڷ뿪Ʈ񾳼䷶Χһ̣ܶ֡
ҪǣڻâѹԻıҪٻֻ̨Աʱ
ȴֻ̨ûӦٻҪһ㣬ΨֻͬأҲٻֻ̨Ʈ֮пܣ涯ֽš
£ֻѡ
ȻȻǿޱȣڱʱֵȴǲǿ⣬Ҳǲɱı˽ȥ
ǲʲôģȴ޿ɱ⣬Ҳʹ÷ڵľء
֨
ͻȻƿˣһŮ˽
~ڴϵķĿŮһʶ¶ų֮ɫҲŲŲ
û˵ȴջĿ⣬ŮʵʹˣҲ׽֮
оձĻЩŮ͵͵˿СĵĿ˷һۣûвΣպתʼʰ𷿼ȵڴɨĸɸɾŮһ˳ȥ
Ժ󣬳Ůÿ춼ݴɨɾͻ뿪
֮⣬ûǰҲֵ徲ȫָԼƣΨҪġ
ģҲǻָ˼ɡ
ΪŪżҲͳŮ̸ԷԸӣ֪޲ԣκݺ۽磬֪ҲǺܶࡣ
ʼʶѾˣ˵ڣϤĵط
ڵģһĵطƺֻ˵ȴûķ࣬Ҳֻ࣬űģΪ顣
壿üͷû˵壬ǻ֣Щ뷨
ϣż͸棬Կǻգһ˿˿ĻϢϢƺÿһطÿһ䣬ڵȫͬ
ѵ˵ٽĵط΢
ѡ屾һΪ¡Ȼڹײ㣬Ҳûп
硣
Ҫ˵Ի粻İ˵ʵҲ٣Ǿˣ֪Ȼ֪Ȼֻ֪лôһطǵһȴö֪
Ի磬Ҳ²⣬Ϊĳһڡ
Ҳ֪ܴһȷϣ߲磬Ӧþλڻ֮С
û뵽ˣǸͨģƺǻ磬Ҽʱѣ¾ͻˡ
ҲΪˣŻ
﷢ҵģתͷ򳤷Ů˿ĭʵش˵ʯǺǷǳǳµĵطʲôʲôĻ̾ᣬû룬ûǡ
壬ʲôģ
¶һ˿֮ɫ׹ĵطӦþʯǺˡ
ǻ壬ҲеӡƺȷʵǿޱȣǺܵùڷ׹µڣλʥƴನϯȺĨɱˣʯǶ׷顣



1540 
ݴɨɾ󣬳Ů΢΢һ˳ȥ
ҲǺܿ׿˼
Ȼصؽɡ૵
Щƻָ˼֣ȴܹռ䣬ģתعؽ硣
λʥûԳֶԸǽ⴦ڣҪ÷н磬һ£Էһ֮䣬¾ͻҷˡ
ȻԷôĻԼ϶ҲӲ
ûԳ֣µĺۼȫͬģű꣬Ļ㹻õ˲λʥ޷أǱȻܾ˵ĺ
λʥûжԿͬģҲûкͷͬھ뷨һۡ
ռ䣬Ȼ׼߲ͨŻʱȴȻ֣Լʧˣ߲֮ϵѹƵ˼㣬ڵؽ硢ȶ磬Ҳؾ֮иӵ΢ҪƾϵŻǾ޿ܵġ
ô£
뷨뵽ĻָЧ󽵡
ĻָżȻ΢æһĵر
ԷĵرƿأĿţһֻҪ߶һ˿õĻᾪˡ
ܿˡ
еĵرһ⣬ȫ˺üΡ
ҷܿ϶ⲻΪԼ˵Եʡ
淨أ
Ժһʼ˳ԡ
Ȼ
طֻ֮صܶӦĽ˲٣ǵû⣬̶ͬͬȣӳܣȴСࡣ
ˣһеı仯طйء
ɫЩѿ
ԣһˮܵ˼ѹƣڸ߲磬ܵųʱһ㡣
ʱŪף⵽ôһ£ǣûа취뿪硣
ȵȣ촩أǰͻȻһ
촩ۣõսƷ
⴩󣬼ʹǸ߲硢ؽҲʹãʹõĻܻعˣȻ촩ǲʹõģǻɣٽĵط
һһСģ˻֮УǺ޷
Ȼṳ̂磬ȴҲܸо̺ΣգĴ磬λʥЦ
Ȼһ뿪Ūףܡ
ڵؽ磬һҲ޷߲ģһЩضĵط߲ϵᱻǿӶ뿪ڵؽ磬Ƶĵطкܶ࣬ڽ磬ͨǹȥ˾ġ
˵Ҳǹһĵطʱܽ뿪ˡ
ʵĿ
ʵڣҲǲ壬ط⣬÷ʵ󽵣ͱһЩˡ
֪磬ʮ󶥼ʲôϵ
һƿش˵صģǵжԶˣóȻͶ
ĬݲãҲƿ̣ò仯̫󣬻ɡ
룬ʹñľıԼò
ҺѾԼûмˣλܹܺ󺺣ȻȴΪʱѪ߰ߣû̫ӡ
סҲ
Ҫ˵ϤģλÿɨĳŮˣԷʵãӵӣҿҲûж⡣
Ⱦָʵɡ̾˿
ӣľ˻ָϣǳŮÿ춼Էı仯ƺǻȻ
һ¶Ļָ󣬷Ҳָ߰˰ˡ
۷塣
ҡҡͷڵʵз۷ĳ̶ȣƾӦܴﵽطʣҲǷʳڡ
ȫʱڵķʼޣ֮ޱ֮
ӣӦÿ쵽ˡڵĳŮͻȻ˵
ǣĺģҲĳǳأǰĿĵء
˵ͷ
ǣн߲İ취Ҳ÷Ū⵽ʲôطʲôϵ
ܵõͼ֮ҲܱⷽĲҾ緢
ͻȻ
~
ټʻеۣײʲô͵ͣϸǶᣬһƬǽ塣
~
ŮһУ˲ǰȥۿһֻǷԼɱ۾
ȻԤеľʹûз
һеһмҾ߳裬ŮڣȫǱʩʱͣͰͣڿУɻԭأֺҡ
ӰôþǹԹ䵽ү
ʱһϷʲм洫˽



1541 һ˵
~
ԭصĳŮԺģЩ֪룬洫ʱʱɫ䡣
һֱ׷ɱǵĴˡŮ˿־塣
΢΢ͷȴû˵Ŀ档
ʱ
߲ķУһŮλϣɫѿ
С㡣
ܹ˷
ߣ겻ɢļһŮϵĽǣϾҪˣƫƫȴ׷ϣƵʯǺ˦
ԭΪʯǺյأԷҸĻ϶ʧȥǵټ
Щƽ£Ҳ֤һ㡣
û뵽Ǳ׷ˡ
˵Ŀ⣬⡣
ס۵ģֻһˣһȥʮӣưȻǷƫƫưӻʵϵģäĿԴ
۷ʵ֮ϣʹڵļλطһ֣ҲǶ֡
ʱϵĻѾڿնɱưӣȻһ֣·磬ưӴǱ
Ŀתǵս
ưûʹκһȭһŶǳǿ֣صɹء
ע⵽ưӣϵĻǵԼķţͷ˽żǸӵⷽء
СѾͷˣҿ㻹־ܣԹүĵڶʮ߷С檰ɡưӹЦ
һɶԸڶ໤һ߳ԵϷ˭ܿԶûоȫ
쵰ҪɱŮžţŭ˼㡣
Ǳ쳣
ŮҲ֪ô£Īôһһס֮󣬾ʹԲѵ˵ҪȢŮΪ檣ǵڶʮ߷С檣ȻǵŮȻŭȻ˫ֺȴǲУ˦˦ֻʯǺ
ȻǱҵˡ
ûʯǺĵطԶء
뵽һʧܣͻᱻԷץȥΪūΪ澣裬Ůͺ޲ȥ
ҲóѡŮȷ־
С㣬Էҵǣ²ǽҡܹ̾˿ͻȻ˵һ֪ǵĿǣŻȸϵǡ
ǵĿġȵȣ˵˳ңŮһܹܵ˼
ǣԴС㻹뱣ס֮ЩС˵óˣǻᾡסˣС㴴ᣬֻҪǵķΧεġܹܳ
ˡ
һϯŮ־
ܹҲǷҲһλطۼѷԽԽԣԥҲǼսš
ܹܣҲȥˣô죬ô죿͸սŮ
ְܹܵǱСİȫ뿪Էˣɼжôӡ
Ŷң
һ֮ǰŮܹġ
Ҳգ͵Ǳ֮ɡڽ︡ҫ۵ĹԣɲǼ۽硣

ưӷЦܹܵļ룬Ҳûиıս֣˶ڿ֧ţ湻ˣưһֵסˣһֻ̽޴֣ңңץ۶㡣
ֲ£۶һζţҪ
ưӵΪһоʱͻȻ͵𲻰ĸо΢һ񣬻ûŪô£ͿԶȻޱȵĹâ
ɲǼ䣬ҫ۹âͳأģǿֲĸ¡
á
ưɫ䣬˿һһӿסȫ
֮ʣ޾âУݺ̺ɱ⼸˵ѪҺ
~
̼ͱ⳹׷飬ưӲҽһ˱ԶԶɳȥѪ죬˺ۡ
ô£ϾȻ˸֣ưð
û뵽Էǿ
ԷֵĻԼ˵ԥưæתߣػһ䡣
~
ڣƽڽһâͻҲǾʧΡ
Ůͣò˼Ŀ⿴ŷԺҵһŽ
棬ܹܡŮҲĿɿڴͻıʣҲǳǵԤϡ
˸֣
ܹ֮࣬ҲϷӦ˹۵˽⣬Ҳҵ˳֮˵λãǺȻ۵ĵײ㣬һʹӵס
ʹи֣
ͷոðϾͱܹųˣչ黹ûϺͿתˣǱԵģʯǺ꣬ƺͱڵײ㡣



1542 

ܹ׹ųܺ󣬾ֻʣһˡ
ܹܡ׷
ǰǡܹܳ˻ᣬֻص۶㣬Ůĵ
ܹܣԳֵ˭һ֪ζ
ưǰѱⲻǽ
С㲻ûţӦûж⡣ܹ֮ܳǰϸ˵һ顣
ܹܵĽŮҲƽ
ô˵ǶжŮ۾΢
ûֺӦõˣСмǡܹܲĵһ䡣
־µһˣȴ˵ľǡ
ԤϵҲܹޱȵңȻģŮ֪أ˶Է
İɣҲǲ֪ôˣܹܣȥлľ֮ŮЦ
ܹܵ˵ͷ
ڷ֣ưûгмϣΪʽǰȥл
˺ܿ˵ײ㡣
֨~һ䷿Ŵ濪ŮЩӵͷܹܺŮʱһܹܣС㡭
Сˡܹ΢Цϵÿһˣǵ
Ů˷ܵ죬ܹܿ佱ôһ䣬ͷŶƮƮġ
šܹһŮ͵ѹæÿ˵·
ܹܺŮǲ¹ڣ˽ȥ
ֻһȥİЩϤϥ棬޴ȵ˽̧ͷƳһۡ
һۣܹܺŮһĸо·ǧӭ
ǿĽܹܵһ
ޱȿ϶ǰֵģǴɡ
ޣĬûлַ֮â¶ĸоҲ֮ȥ
ޣǷԼ׼ݡ
һʼʹ˷â¶ĸоҲΪ˼һӡ
Ȼǽޡܹܵǲ⣬˵ԼǵޣŲš
˫лԮ֣ӵ֡Ůһ񣬸м
ܱǸδ޷ˡ
⻰һܹܵӲɳ鴤¡
ưǰǲһһͱ˶Է⻹δĽ
ʯǺҲãʵǿŻİɡܹȻ
ڷַλãʯǺΧϷˣҲûΪжǿʵڲ֪Լ̫СƶԷˡ
ĬС㣬ҲҪллȥˣǾ˷ĬһΣڷĬҲһΣ˭ҲǷ˭ġŮлЩ䳡ܹæվ˳
΢΢ͷ
ģܹܣ˶ܹܣǺܸӡ
˫̸һᣬ˴˶͸һЩס
ԳһޣΪĳЩ⣬ʯǺʱûмƻĿģ֪һܹ뷽ͬУҲڴӦ
λԶ磬ԵĻܲ˵һЩ鱨ͻȻ
ԣܹܺŮ˸ɫЩȻ
ɫ
һ㶼⣬Լᱻɣԭܼ򵥣ˣżĲǰưܹܵ˶ֵʱ򣬷ˡ
ڣ翪ϲ
ڷֵʱҲ˳
ûпۡŮ˫磬Ӧ硣
ͷҲǾ΢񣬼
ʵڵĵطҲһ֣ȴıԵشֱԵ
Ե⣬ǻˣԵͻĽ硣
ഫȻҲ磬ڻϮ£ȴ˱ʵǰ磬ԵܵѹƺǳӦ
˫٩٩̸֪ԶǳŮܱȵġ
ϡоһлɣû뵽ǣﾹȻҲ磬ȴڻϮ£Ϊ˶磬ع򶼱ĽȻͬ
ѹҵᱻ
Ȼ˫ڻأ˽١
Ƚ϶ԣɸĻ鱨
֪Ĳࡣ˫¶㯣˭Ҳ֪絽жֻ֪ǻϳԵԾĻȫԻ硣
֪ģҲԵĴû罻磬Ͳö֪ˡ
أʵ
һҵ֪һܹܽӻǿһЩСģֿɱҲǿһ壬ռʯǺ˸ǣ˵ǿĺųħֽħʥӦ
ħ񡣡
һ뵽ؾħ


1543 ⷢ
ħ
ؾʱ򣬾һħĳɾͣҲԷѲ˸ϵ
ʱʦ˵ҵʮطۺӴ˽ʲôǻħҲ١ţȻ޵ķʸ
Ҳ˵ʦңΪʮطۺٽӴ硣
Ҫ˽磬ǱԵˡ
ѵ˵֮޺ʵͲᱻ򲻻ᱻô
˼
һʱԺð˲ͷЩܹܺ˫޷𰸣ǵļʶ۽磬Զû˽Щʸ
֪̫ˣܹȥǱ¡ͺˡ΢΢ҡͷһֱĴڿ»ᳬ
ܹܺ˫﷽˽⵽ԵӦöûʥȻҲûлħǿ߽ʮطۣǽҪȥǣһλʮط۵ĵ̣ͳⷽ
ˣԵ˻ܵѹƺأЩԵ߽磬ʲô
ǽĻֻ
ͻȻʵĿƵĿˣⲻݷģϾλʥҪģΪǰѲûеóѣȻԤϵк³վûоĸ
ԣܹܺ˫¶־ɫ
ǽ磬ȫʧȻڻʴܹܺ䶯£ɬ
΢
һ㣬³˰ɡ
ܹܼ˵
Ի˵Ǳ֮ء
ԵȴʧȥҲܵһ̶ȵڽǾͲö֪ˡ
˵ͷ
ĸûȫʧôţͲö֪ˡ
λħ񣬶Է磬иִŻĴɱȴ˸ƽ֣Ҳֻڶ˻źŽɱ
ȥƺǿʸִƻŵʵ
ңĿ繥£Ҳɱ
Ȼδԭ򣬵ӦҲб缫ѹԵʡ
Уڡ
õĽڼУһӴĲ˼ǳڸ߲ɲ񷣬ɢԣҫΧޱ߻硣
ڵĵطӦþڻ磬ǻ顣
֪ʲôԵʣڴ磬ڸտʼǿʢʱĹҫ硣
Ȼ˥Ĳӣ硣
кܶ˷ѽĵط
ȻõĽڼ٣һЩƬϣǶҲƲӽڵ䣬ʱ䲻̫Ҫǧ꣬ƣȴ˵ƾõȴЩˡ
˥̫̫
£ҲΪԵʡ
˵ﶼˣ˵һĻˡ
û´Ļ˵ǽأԻ˵ǵĽأ˭Ե
֪ϢҲֻƲ⵽һû©ʹʱȴö֪
Ե鱨ǺбҪģⲻС
ӣǰ;УеҲʧ
˫﷽õһݸĵͼԼ꣬˸뿪󣬷ܿó촩۽гԡ
ȴ÷ʧ
ΪȾԵʣЩĻجңÿδն⣬ƫĿнԶ׵һΣȻƫʮ֮ң
⻹ѡĿĵأ̫ԶԵʣ֪ѡΪңԶ꣬ƫȻ
һã˵ʹ󵽻
ңҲ޷ֱӴԵ硣
Եĵط촩۵Ǵۿۡ
֮⣬Ҳⷢ֡
һʱ򣬷ƽƣΧһ
ǰȫָ˲̫࣬ƺת˴󲿷֣ȻҲܷ£ѹ£͸ˡ
һε֮ǰͬ
ΧմȾ˿˿Ļ
ĽҲΪԵԵʣ˵صعҲ⣬Ȼ飬ȴ𾪡
˿˿֪ôģȻʧ
ȷѰԭʱһ򣬲Ūô¡
ΪڵĻţʱ򣬻һֱڳŵ״̬ԵȴǱЩԾǴӳ˯ѣȻûȫһѡ
ɢϵĻ
ʱٻعͷȥȴǴһ
ڷǰٵЩ󣬱ıֱ࣬˵һƣԶԶ޷ʱȡ
ȻʧˣǶɵӰȴûб䡣
ڱʴǰԵҲһ֣ȥ˻ӰĵطûȫӰ췽ıѶȼĽ͡
֮󣬷ʱϲ
ڱĴ֮޵˵ԲˣĴڣǵɸѺ谭
ǣԷ˵ȴǲ۲۵ķˮء



1544 Ϣ
ǰˡ
˫վϣָǰһеӴ½أ˷ܵ˵
ڵĿĵˡ
һ·ϣȻвٲۣȴҲоա
΢΢ͷ
ֺͱΪϱ
ԭ촩õĻҲ׼뿪ˣڷ촩ʧȥãʱķˣԵ°빦Ҫģһȶĵطˡ
ڲԶǣΪͳģȻѡ
ò˶ãҾܴ֮ޡ૵
ѹƺ󣬷ǿĿǰδеģԭƮ۵еľ޴ջ÷аգڴ֮ޣΪʮطۡ
Ѿǰδеٶˡ
ǣԵģʱٶò˰꣬ܳɹ
һ̫ȪҪʱ̣ܳʮطˡ
˾˵ĳɳٶȣȥĻɻ硣
ǾƬ΢΢ҡͷջеӴ½ء
Ƭ
˫ṩϢںܾúܾǰԵҲǴģԼΪڶͨ磬Ȼһսڻ֮䱬
ħʥǴ֣һУеĴͨ綼׷飬һƬƯԵ
ʯǺǰҲһ磬ȴ׵ĴˣƬڡ
Ϊһ֣ȻŲȡá
ˣԵĸǣ϶ǽڣĴƬϡ
ǣȻҲ⡣
ΪһģȻǷ֮ڶ࣬˫ܹȻҲǵһԴȴҲİǷѺһ˾ͽ˳ǡ
˫ǣǵĿģȴûʲôȤҲϽȥһҲǷ࣬˷ʱҲû뿪ֻǱԼҪٵػָƵԸ
ܹǶ֪ûȫԭΪ˲ưٴݣԷҲǾľϣջָ
ܹܰŵĵطסº󣬷ܿУ¡
СĳŮҲܹܰ˹չӣˣƲิԭˣҲûжҪչ˵ĵط
ֻǣҲйܹܺ˫ռ鱨ǹǱߵģҲǶڹ
²⣬Լʧ٣ȻڵؽȻ󲨣֣ȳλòһ֪ڶҲ֪ˣԵطĻ϶ɳǰѰ
ҵɳ֣ٺòİȫҲһϣԶڵĴҪõĶࡣ
磬𱬵ģˡ
һգ˫ܹס˵еĶ
һʯǺʧˣĶһӴˣٲʲôء
˵ǼλطʣżȻ£ʯǺ쳣ں󣬷һʡ
˵£˫̲ס档
ǾʯǺ˦ưӣ֪ʯǺΣգǵĴͿˡ
ǽʯǺʱ򣬱ӦѾûдܹܲ
˶Ҳѡ
ѹĶ᲻Ǻǿ˵ͷҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
˫ܹܶûлɣʯǺĶεȿ£ȻȴҲԶ޷ȣȻܻ֤ʱĶᣬȷʵ֮֡
ҲûɣʧͷйأϾ̫
ڶ£ǻ֣֪ô£ƵԵս࣬Ҳ⣬ȻʱӰ컹󣬲ȥ»һѡ
˵սصĺڹһĵˣħһĹ½ڽڰˡ
˵鶼Щء
ȻԵս⣬ΧĹƣȴǺеģҲǵһ
΢ħһ壬ǻĶ塣
˵ħһ棬һλħ˾η־塣
ڹƺ̫Զü
ţֻǸҲЩĻ̻̣˭Ҳ֪ħһ᲻ᳯΧĴ򹥻ܹݡ
ڣȥһĸ󻼵ʯǺûüϼӣµΣճ֡
ħһвʯǺͲֵһˡ
ü
ϣһ
ħһɱҲ޷⣬Ȼ֮ԶƺңԶԷĹĻԲϵ֮
еأ˦˦ͷʵ
һѰ˵ĸʾҪһзĵޣ˵ò뷽㣬һơ
ȻһѰ˸ʾͨ˵ô𱬣Ҫԭǣʵ̫ˣһ򣬱һ򡣡
˫¶֮ɫ
һǺεȵľˣѹһ;ǣۻ𱬳̶ȣҪϢ֮ϡ
һ۾ָƽ
ϢҲţЦЦ
Ȼţ˭ôֱʣ˵õһ򣬴Ҷû£ҲǱ̫ˣŻᱻ̸ۡ˫Ц
Ҳкܶ˲²⣬Ƿ֪Ǻηʥ
˫ܹô뵽̸۵Ŀ꣬ǰ
Ͼ֣ǷĬ
Գһޡ
òҲһЩ仯һЩǣûб䶯̫ȴҲΪͬһˣ˫ܹܵʵҲǲԿαװ
޺ͽҲر𣬾Ū
δķ濴ǰķĬǸҲûжͬĵطòƣȴҲ˵ʲôòƵ˶ǡ
һᣬ˫ܹҲ͸ˡ
ȵ뿪󣬷ɫʱ
ǵǡһֵ



1545 ʦֵ
ǵǡ
ޱȿ϶һ㣬ѰˣԲԵǣԵؽ硣
ҪҷôģŪǷģԷ˵ûκκô
Ҫ֪ϾǳԵǣڵؽ
׷ɱӣԵǵĻҪҵ׾٣Ȼûӵڤ۵ˣҪҵҲûôѣҪȱ౶
ˣǸҪֵķзġ
ĸʾɵĺʲôǾǷֺӰ񱻴֪֮ڶ࣬ԵҲͰˣ˵ĵģˡ
£ضģֻеؽͳֵλʥ֪Ҫˣ϶ҲŪ綼֪ǱȻƽͱ
ȥųϢˣҲֻһˡĿ䡣
Ҳֻλʥһпô
Ҳ󶯾Իȱҵھ˵ˣѰѡ
ˣȻŹһˡ
ҾλãǵǣһӦöֻȷһµķΧ
ŵģ˫͵򣬶ԷѰҲԻüΣ󲿷˶ΪǼϢ
ҿ׹µĵط˼ʯǺû˿ΨһĶҲϯˣڶᱩ¶
˿
ʱûȥ仯ò
ȻϢһĿ˶ĻٲţҲȥϵʾˣ÷
չ鲻̫
ڿĻҲǾ֮ء
еǵİȣȫȶͲֵһˡ
Щ˳ȻŷóĽģʱ򣬿˶ǵʮط۶סʱڳڵĻѰ·ȫĵطΣյĵط
˵Ը⶯̣ʹˣ淨ԵҲʮط۵Ŀ⡣
Ƚ϶ԣֵʲôˡ
ҪҸʱ䣬뿪ڵһʾ֮ǰ
૵

谵֮УһӴۻš
ϥڣޱ顣
ͷ¶β
ĿɨΧһȦߵ֮յһ󶯵ҲӦЩڰĵľ£΢΢Ц
ӷ֣ԼΧЩͷ¶βļһףԼѰҷѾ¶ˣҲ׾Ͳ³ˣݵ˭
ڵңҪȥСʦܣͲˡ嵭
˵屻̫˹עˣ»ҷֻɲĺȻʵǿᣬЩڰˣҲвĴڡ
ҪΪͶȥСʦܣӶǣסң̫ˡ
Ц
ǰһᣬͬӰɽӴزϱš
ᡣ
ԵǵһˣͶӰ
ڣܸоĴڣȴֲˣǰͶӰ
ͶӰҵСʦܡ
岢ó׷֮ûڤ츳Ƿ
ڣҪഫѶײһҪ
һĴ磬˴˴ѶʹԷڴһˣȻȼԽߣԽȹ̣ҪѶѶȾԽڵؽ磬ҪѶһˣƾǷǳˣԵڻʴѶϼѡ
ҪżԶһĴѶǾ޿ܵġ
ҪĺܽпܣԵҪ֮ڣܻϵ
Եǳ⣬ʹʥĿҲ޷γʱҲǸһʮͳķΧʮ
һ򣬲һСĶ࣬ƣҪҵԷ֪Ҫҵ¡
Ȼָˡ
ģͶӰ
ֻҪǰҳϵͶӰ£һΧڻӦ
ԵҲ޷׸֣ȻҪʱۿۣȴҲڰڲӦЧʸ˰ٱ
Ӧò˰ɡ
䣬ǰͶӰϣҳλãһֶȻ
״¶Цݡ
ʦ֣
ʱһżɻԺ
ʦܡ
ûе飬Ѹٽȥһ飬󣬽ͶӰһΣȻ仯Ӱʧ
ˣҾǰУЩ˵ע⣬ѰСʦܵ飬ͽʦܰɡ¶֮ɫ
ʦԵ£˵⣬֪
ٶȲ䣬ӰһƬǰɹ壬Լڣûκͣ٣ҲûǿƬһۡ
ǿƬϣһռĴǣڴǱԵһ۵Ժ

ΧͯɻĽлţ֪ôģеʦͻȻͣ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦ
ʥʦյĵ𣿡
˭Ҳûз֣һӰĽ



1546 뿪
պԺ˴ţ˵صһȥԺԣҲûĶ
ǣ̻º˫ܹһ˷ס
ǵ°ˣһۣס
˫ܹǣȻԼĿģûʲôȤҲһֱûѯʡ
⻰˫ܹ¶һ˿Ц
ǰɡʷ㣬Ĵ㡣˫ܿʰ飬һ˿Цݡ
ǵĻȻסκ⡣
˫һ䡣
ʵϣסĵط˫ļ壬ڵĲҵֻҪͬ⣬סþסá
ǲСˣΪһǣͳģڳƵǴ
޳뷽ʹãҲʮִ󷽡
СҲչ˷硣
˵仰˫ܹܾ׼ˣҲûָһߣϾǵĻᣬ²ж÷
Ͼİȫ˵пܼΪͳһԱ
ȵȣҿû˵Ҫ
˫ʱƮƮһ仰

˫̧ͷ죺磬㣬ǲ֪ǵĺôŻô˵ɣ
˵꣬һԶµĺô˵˳ȷʵǼΪǰ;ѡ
ȻôãΪʲôЦЦʵ
޷ǣûй̶סˣǻᱻģ⻹ڵס۸Ǹ֮߰˫ܹȻûⷽ⡣
бȥɡ˫ᶨ
һ仰û˵ǾǿߣܻӭҲǰ;ġ
ҶҲûʲôȤĻҵȥסһʱ䣬֪㣿
ʲô
˫ܹܶڱɵˣĿɿڴĿŷ
⣿
΢һü
˫Щҵæҡֻ֣ǣֻЩ֣Ҳ磬Ż֣ܲȫ
Ȼ֪ԭ˵Ļпܻ÷ͷ˫Ը
зǿԮȻٸ˲Ļֻƻ˫õĹϵ
ԭˡ΢΢ͷ
˫ǵĿģҲ˽ˣΪ֣Ԯġ
˵˵
뿪ǣҲΣյĵطգ˫Σճ̶ȣĻͻˣȻҲԮ֣˫ܹ룬ڽסʲôľˡ
ǡ
˫ܹܲҵ
£˫˵ܹһԲ䣬˵Ǳߵ
˫ļǰָ𽥳˻壬һ̽ǳͰʵ塣
һӴ˫ļʱʧأĶ֡
֮£Ҳֻܸǣϣɳǿȥȡ
Ե壬ΪʱŻвԶŽһͳ£ͬһȣǾȵģ˫ļ壬ḶһĴۣǵı
ȻǺ˫ܹܲŷ֣ĸԶԶǵ
ȫ֣ǼģǱɽһǡ
Ȼ㲻϶أҲûܹѰҪı˷ʱ䣬κ塣
£ֻѡع顣
𣿡΢Էʵûб
Ҳע⵽һʵ˫ļ巢ʱ䣬׹ʯǺʱ޼
ܹʯǺַʱʵ뷽׹룬ѾȥһЩʱգֻ˻ԣû˸ҽʯǺû˷
ҿԸһȥҲܰǽ壬̫ǿĻ룬Ҿͻ뿪˻ᣬ˳
˵ǰͷǵĶԹѾˣȻҲΪƴƴ
ףл硣
лӡ
˫ܹܶǴϲжǿڻưʱѾչ¶ˣǻûȬʱ
Щ壬κ⡣
һǾ͸мˣǲࡣ
磬ͬ˫һ뿪ǣûܵκ̲š
ٳһʱ뿪Ļ¾һˣΪڰºѰҷʾڽȥʱͻȻٴαķзԽԽ֤ݱ
һԲ١
ǵһҹķণȺͳ˵̲飬ҲȻ



1547
ǣ
һϵӴӾסĺ߳ųȥ

ˡ
һ·ϣӵˣ޲ǹ񣬴ǵĳմȨ
ܿ죬ΧԽԽ٣ӽģҲ˳ڵĽء
һľĺ羰Ȼһ̤˵أϾܸоֲѹ˷ϯϢ
Ŀ΢ӦĻƺҲǲݣΧŵĿֲѹҲЩ
΢΢˿߽˺һͤǰͣ
ͤڣֻһͷ׵ߣĿ
ΧĿֲѹλϡߡ
¶Ľɫʮط۵ΰ½¶ЩĶҡ
סӳŹϡߣһ
ġ
ϡ΢΢۾ʵʰĿ⣬Ȼǿ⣬Ҳš
ڱǰ棬һУϡǰͳΪڸĸǰ˳ĺͯ
ΪϡĸףΪԷʮطۡ
ӽģǵĳͳģȻһףȴģϡߡ
ףϢ𣿡ʵ˵Ŀġ
ѾȷϹˡϡ߻ĿڣΧǿѹҲһǿء
ϢǴģԿɿ˵һλʮطۣңλʮط۵ıƺվһλʥ
ˣһĳŵӦҲġ
˵ϡȻʮطۣҲǴ˹
ʥĴϲ
һ򣬿ŶȾͼˣ˵ܻʥйأҪ֪һԶǿĴʵԶԶϡߡ
ˣŵŶȻߡ
Ȼģףһûᰡ˫ĿŹ⣬æܵõһãȫĴǷˣҲûκιϵֻҪҵǸ
ϡߵ˵ͷ
㲻жãҾҲܻĻԲһüͷ
ûô򵥡ϡһ仰ˮ£侲
룬ΪʲôλʮطҪŵǷǺε
ǵﲻ£ǻ֮ˣˮأûô򵥡
ϡ̾˿
ȻѾϸƷζŹϡ߻˼ɺëֱ
òϣϡ˵ĺе
Ƿʲô̲סʵ
ϡҡҡͷԵЩˣϢ̫ˣ˽̫٣˵ʱ̫̣ʹ磬֪˶࣬Եˡ
Ҫϡߵ
ѵǾĿţʣĻǰߣʹļס
ʲôֻҪͺˡϡЦ
һϾ˹
ǼɵܴڵǱȴ֪κμɵ֤ʵϢʵԺ󣬿˻
ȻҲʲôͬ﷢ʮطۡ
ˣڿԾ̲飬ģϵĹ򣬾㷢ǷڳڣҲҪһ͵͵ķųȥȻйעֻҪڷֵǷͲ󡣡г
ǵ˭˷ɾȡʤʵ
ʱ򣬰λʮطͨͿˣʹʲôǿҲҵͷϡ
˵̫磬Ƿδػ򡣡ϡߵϣı̫ϣ

ȫԱ£ѰҷĻ
Ƿ¶ĿɻǼɵıôȴǼļ˷¶ļʡ
Ǻ󣬷Ҳûг֡
֪ԼԵ˴ྶͥױ硣
֪˶ˣʹֻ棬Ҳѱġ
˫ѡ뿪Ҳʱ
ǣȷѰҷĸʾʵԺ˵ỳɵͷϣ뿪磬ǵĲΪһ·ϣȴǸûһϢ
һգҲǵ˫ڵĵط
ǡ
˫ָǰһƬܸ
ڵƬһƬСٱܳƵС͡
ƬԵкܶ࣬ǵ걻һ֣ϣĵ̶Ƭϣڱĵط޷õġ
ţ
Ŀ˹ȥɫ΢䣬һ۾Ϳ˳СƬϣƺովһҵսһƬǽ塣



1548 Լ
á
˫ܹܵɫҲˣҲƬϵĲս
æгƬҲǲҵ˺档
һȴûмų֡
ĿɨƬѾϷ۵ס
ϣ⵽˻֣ӵеսۼܿһ㣬Ʋⳡսе쳣ҡ
ֱڣսûȫȴҲǽӽβˡ
ĿԽˣڼԶһһϡ
һ׳ľ޴ߣԴֳ״ǿƥƻΧĽ
塣
⻹Ƿһο壬֮ǰʯǺĶᣬֱӾͱλʥನĨûʲô̵ӡ
ߣаطʵҲǷڣò֡
ԭͱ˫ΧסƤӲţֻʱ⣬˫ǻع飬͸ǲڻˡ
ۼ׼Ӳޱȣǿ󡣡š
⣬ûκγ֮Ҳûʲô츳ͨ
ԸӦǿҵĻϢ
ԵˣǵлٶһЩϢ˵عأȻǵĻϢȼϣȴǲߵģ߸ӵľ
ȻԵԵĹ򣬻ٸ߼Ҳⲻ˻ܵѹƺ
߾ˡ
ڻ֮Уʵ׺ɨ˫ļ壬·һ
˫ûĻлߣʱǶϾ
һʵ˻Ӵƽɽ㵹ڵϣҳһӣСƬ΢΢
С㡣

˳նɱߵ˫ˣҲ˻һ
ЩζĿЩˡ
ڿ˫ǻʱЩ𾪺ʧ֮ɫҲ˴ϲ
߰㡣΢΢ҡͷ
С㣬
ƺָĶͬһˣҲ˫
û˫ǼȻϸ˵Ӧ˵Ǵ
˫Ҳڲǰ˴֮λ˻ûϰߣ˳ƺҲȽҡ
˫Ĵ·ϣҲ˽ˣԷҲû
˵˫ڼڵĵλʵȣе˲Ը⿴ΪԭҲܼ򵥡
˫ŮˣΪ
˫ļ壬ȴԼҡ
Ҳ˵˫Ͳ֮ˣһλŮ
˫֮ΪǣҲһԼҼû˵˫ûգ˫ҲԼҳɳģ⣬ԼҲûʲôͬ
֮Ի˫ϼ֮λΪĹ£ϴԼҼش
Σͷվ쵼壬ȶġ
һԼУûгɫˣԶ˫ԼҼҲûˣ˫ʱ˼֮λ
Σ˫ʶĶֻ֣ǰԮ
̫ˡ
΢΢ЦЩ˿˫ʱı֣Ϳ˫뿪ڼ䣬Լڲ²ƽ
ˣ˫λǣ
һλָŷѯʵ
ֱ˫֣߲˫ĳԼҵĵλҲǼߡ
Ҳע⵽֮ǰԸʱ
ˣǶʶҲֻзһףԭ˻ûע⣬ڱָʱвĿڷϡ
ϣǵʱʶģΪ֪ԼҵĴԸæģԼҵĹ͡
˫
ɵϣܹܵ£֪˳ʱĻʵʵĽг򵥴˹ȥ
뿪⼸׷ʲô£Ҫ֪ȥû̽Ļᣬ˫ֱ˵ĵλȫʸô
˵ȥ˵ɡ̾˿Χ޵Ľ˸
ԼСƬͳߣΧɢɢĴ⣬ĽһԼҳǣԼҵס
ȴԶԶ޷ȣڷһªĳ
ҲǺģϾǴΣյԵ缫п֣£ͲƸͶڴľǺޱҪġ
ߵսУªĳҲû⣬Ŷദ͵
һ߰ˣԼһС
΢΢ҡͷ
ԼҵʵڷǲֵһᣬɱƬֹ߽һôƻԼҵСɼһߡ
ûĻԼҵ³ҪôǱ壬Ҫô룬ûеڶֿܡ
ȻڷһоͱĲһˡ



1549 ƹ
Լ˵Ĵ£ס
ԴˣҲû飬ܿ콫ϣĴ֮ޡ
һ·ϣˣ˫Ҳ֪Ȥûʲô£ŷһΣȴûг೤
ţ
Ȼ۾漴һʧ
סĵطһլӣԼ͵ĵطסϾԱ֮ס˴š
˫ǱߵģָģʲôĿģʿ֪Ҳǡ
ʱȴͬ񣬽ŮС档
ãҽȥ
ֵĴǰһվС͵ľˣɢѹ˵
ʲôýȥģһСˣСҪɣҲ˰һٺЦܾӵСģ̲סȥҪ
Сŵɫףæˣӵĵħ֡
~
ͻģһ߶Ȼ
ǻɣѪ
ʲô
һλԭЦģͬϷŮʱȴɫ䣬û֣һȻڣƻţת۾Ͳһ˵ĺ󳾡
ݣ˳
ӡ
Сδ֮ʱϲæС빫ӡ
˵ͷ
˵Լ˫뷽֣ûлļôֻһֿܣ뷽֣ѹԼˡ
ӴĿˣëëŵϷС֪˫ԼҵĴǳ
˫ԤϣҲû뵽ԷĶô죬һ̷Ѱɣ⧲£˫ѻǶ֡
ⲻǷϣġ
ҪģһȵĻһҲϵԼң˷ְƽһС
ǰ·
ãõġ
Сæǰ·Ǹں棬һ·ϣԼˣֻҪ¶ģûжĿɨʱһƥڣ漴ǾѪĵ
ȻûʱȴҲʧȥս
һ·ĿһǿԼǱӰ㣬Ⱥ󵹵ء
ܿ죬˾ĿĵأԼҵ´
棬ȴȽɢ
˭
ͻȻһͺһҲǷ׷ȥӳ۽ģһŮǴ󲻽⣬ǿŮķʱȴɫ䡣
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Ǹû뵽
ԭȫûϾû¶ʲôǿϢѹ
ڣӦϼӿܵˣȴĪĳǣڶԷǰȻûһ˳ʾ
Щ쵰ѵ˯𣿡һֹһ䣬漴ͽ֮Ժ̤ǰһ׼ͬˣ¡
ȻĿ˹
ͨͨͨ~
ûκηأ⼸ʵҪ֮ǰԼǿ٣ڷǰȴȻûһڵء
ɨϰ󣬷ûмŽȥǲ

ûʵ´ڡ
ʮ˷λ
ϣλϣҲףǰ뿪ʱЩ廹ڸΪʲôôʱ䣬䵽ֵزȻһɱ˽
ԼҵĵأΪʲôԸһڵ߶ô
ǣڸʲô
˫վ룬ĿΧ˺ӣЩԼմȨ
Ͼϵļ˫ȻᣬһҲһЩ˲ıܿ񣬲ӡ
˫ŭޱȡ
ԼƬǧ꣬ҲһЩ̵ģԸȺҪԸһߣȴ㲻ʲô¡
Ȼȴ߳Ƭƻ
˫㲻һƵ
ĵ̣׶õģҪʱ̣˲ǿߣҪԸߣҲûôѡ
һϯȴָ˫ٲ£ǰָܹܵˣʹü˾ء
û˫㻹ǣ
㿴ԼҪȥԮأǵԮ㲻ҪǸзĬľԮ
˷׷Ӧȳ˫ȷʵûпʲôǵԮȻֱ׳
ڷûǷ
Ǻǡ˫ЦЩ岮²ǲ붯ãòɣ
ĵ̣ȥǸԸҰɡ
뵽ưӵĿɶԼ°ߵ³˫ĻǴӱﴵĺ磬ޱȡ
ˡ
߲Ȼɫ䣬ŭ˵˵ûƾʵݣ˵ЩʲôԼˣ޳ܹ
ѪˡһҲǴŭ
ϣҿ˫̫ˣԶϼ֮λҲ޷Ƕɹѹأλãɡתͷ߽
ûʸ񡣡
ԣƾʲôһģԼҵļ
װ⣬ȫվ˫ĵжϣӵۣŭĿӡ
˫㵱̫˰޷ڡߵ˶ԣʹ常Ҳıġ
˫ˣȬͱչز
λͰɡ
еǱʺϵġ

˫΢ʱע⵽֧ĳȻһջͱƹҲ޴֪Щ
һߵľƣǼΪġ
Ҿó֮λһɢѹ˫ûκҶ常ĳŵһԼңǰԼңϲ
˫Ŀɨˣеľϲ֮ˣָľЩˡ
УȻԣҲԼҵѪͳȻԼҵһԱΪȫԳΪԼҼ
˫ĸײԼˣĸȴԼңȻڱȽƫԶķ֧ҲǿΪԼˣһʼʱûаܣΪԼҵĴ
ЩˣĿǳ˿֪ǰԼǵĴ£ֻлһ;
ԣҾá
ն˵ЩҲǰ˶Щ֪ĵ
Ц
ûκ塣˫Ȼ
ľ˭
˴Ц
˫ȥڼ䣬Ǿ˶Լڲϴ֧˫ˣҪôǱɳȥ޷ʱϻأҪôǱǻɱ˫ϾͿʼƹ˫ó֮λɼȶʵ
ʱʹ˲ҲƲˡ
ڻŻв֮£жΪ˫ͷƽɼںˡ
ֻǣϢȱǣǰȴѹ֪εĻ֣ǺεȵĿ¡
ҷԡ
ʱһͻȻ˽
˭ɫһŭȡ
˵Ŀ⣬ԼͬſڣĿ£ݲȵ˽

֣Сôģ
˾ɲ˫ˣ˫һվ´ܹ⣬˶ƺͿ˵Ҳ⡣
ҲЩ죬Щ򵥡
Լңѵһˡ
ЦһĿ˭ҲʲôԼҵ£Ϊһˣ벻Ҫ档
ˣȥ
һ£̾һվ
˷ӦҲӷʼ˫λ͡
ۼ˽ԼĻ˶߷磬΢΢һЦ
ңûʲô
ҲûаǷҲûȤǽ˵ǡ
Ϊǻ񡣡
֮˵һ䣬ΪԼ̬ȣǾǣҷԣ˶ѡ
ǵ̬ȣǵ뷨˼ͳͳӡ
ϴЦݣ΢Ц˵
̫ٻﻺ޾Ĺ԰ŽɲǼ´ÿһ䡣



1550 ŵ
Լҵ´ڣͬնȻģȴ͵⣬ƥĽ
һʱ䣬ݺᣬ⺮Ƭ
˭ܸоƬ룬ı佣⡣
ԷĹ´ڵߵˣ˵ûκεֿء
ţطʡ
ովĺ仰ߣ̾ͱ˽ȥҲ⣬ϯ糱ˮԴԴıӿ˫ܹܵ˶롣
ҽ
˫ܹܵɴ۾
ǵĽǶȣǣ̬ϾȻǿҵĹâ˳ͺ񣬷һɽɵ̫޾⸡֮
̼䣬´ڵ˾ǧٿ׵ĵ˵ϣʧȥ˷
ǿǿ
˵һ
Ȼ֪ǿҲʶһ·ưʱ磬ʱķδȴǴȫʤ״̬ʹⷽصѹ£Ҳӳ˷ʳڵʵ˲ɨԼҡ
뵽˷硣˫˵ҡ
ûзڵҾ֣ȷʵԿԼұЩ˰ѳ֣ǿ֪ԻڻĹ
ΪʲôߵȥʱлĵĲʡ
ΪȲʤȯʱȴ˴Ԩһǰӵˣ˵ǣԷı֣Ǿ֮ͣǵֲú׼ڶԷ¾ǸЦ
Ͷ䣬췭ظ
ǲ˳ۡ
ûߣתͷ˫һ°ɡ
š
˫æʼʰо
ߵ˶´ڣһ򾡣Լڵķ̱ѹȥ
Լҵ飬ûи棬ЩˣɱҲ⡣
ֻһҪ󣬲˫ôã뿪Ƭɲϣ뿪¶ԼĴڣӶ
з֧֣˫Ѹ˼֮λȵЩ֧˷أ߱ų󣬾͸̩ɽԼҵľѸȶ
Լ֮󣬾ŪĻ
ȻλĬӦû˰ɣҾûҪŪ
´ڣ˫ٿڲϴĵһμ顣
ʱ˵ԼҵĴϣҲ˫֧ߣλϵλ
˫Ϊ˶ЩΪȻ
ǣ˫ŪҪԣڲϴ֮ϣ͸˷ѽ⡣
ǲ˫ҡҡͷԼǴϢ˵˳
ʲô֡
˺Ȼɫ䡣
һɣͷӣܻиǿĻ壬ԱŪʵֿҲֻ˵ء˫Ц
һľƬСȴҲԼǧƴġ
뿪ȥ
ԵƬ٣󲿷ֶ֮ģҪôǲʺϾסҪôǻϳ米ǶֻͶˣ£Ȼ޷ȡ
ڣѾʱˡ
˫
һ仰û˵̫ǿ£˫Լ
ȻỤ롣
ˣ̽ΧĻʮֱҪģҪǾΣգҲֻ˵뿪
˽⵽ԺԼҴٳ
ǵŬ£ΧҲǽˡ
˫˿ʱִ˵صģֻ壬ǵȴǳ
Ǵ̽鱨ʱ򣬷ʮһƬϣѾǿһˡ
ԭռļ壬
Ƿ֣һңԶҲɱִֵ˵ص塣
֮ԼңҲǲ֮䣬ǵҲԼȫ־ޱȡ
ʱԼңԼİΧ֮УΧ嶼Ѿɨֻʣһ֧
Ͼ
Ȼ˫ѯʱȴȻܾ
ɺܼ򵥣ܰȫȫûбҪ뿪
Ҳʵ
Ե󣬷ڵĻžǱƵģ÷ܸ׵Ĵ֮ޣԵͣʱԽԽ𽥳һ
ŶԻϢΪУʹ÷ܸӦĴڣжϳǵǿ
Ӧľ룬ҲԽԽ㡣
Ļ࣬ȴ壬ҲǷӦķ롣
ȥ˱ĵط֪ʲô塣
ӸϢԼĶ򣬷ϿȷĴ֣Ѿʵ
ȥ𴦣
٣ǿĻ֣ҲǰӦڴֲ
ȻԸ뿪˫Ҳ¶˾ġ
ûзԼͻΧ
˫£ԼҹƬϣȥǻ壬ȻΧ塣
ǣԵʹҲԶûжൽ洦ɼĳ̶ȡ
żɱƬϣڷİ£Ҳɽһʱ䣬İΧ֮УԼҾȻǰȫޱȡ



1551 Σ
һۣʱת˲
ԼڵƬϡ
Ӱм̤ƬûôͣͳԼҳǸȥ
ϻģλԼҵĳϣǰط
Χûʲô仯ȻЩ塣
ٺ٣û뵽ԼİΧ֮УȻȻڡ
һ߸·λһ̸߽š
ոյجʱľֲʱʮ㣬ûнԼҳҲǺһƬƽͣﾹȻǱΧľ
˷Ĭ˰һλ̾ϢԼңΣʱ̣÷Ĭ˵Լң룬Щ֪Ŀ£ȥСļ֮λҲ룬С㲻ǼˣĬ˻һȺԼҲͻϡ
ǡһͷ÷Ĭ˼ʱ֣
䶼ԷƳ籸˸м
Լ뷽ĻӣѲ˸ϵģûзЩΧͼ壬ǵ³ԼƽͺͰȫҲȫΪԵʡ
߰ɣǴ̽㱨
˸пһ첽Լҳǡ
ԼȻѡ˹ҲǶȫĲŲʣ˫ÿһʱ䣬ɳλǿߣȥΧ̽ϢŪͶⷢ¶˷Ӧ
ܸӦĴںǿǶԼ£Ҳûֹ
ԼҵͻİΧ½̽鱨ҲԼҲѡ
ǲȰ棬ִĻڶǱˡ
ƾŷ֧֣˫⼸Ҳ˼֮λƺΪСԽԽ٣ƺΪˣԽԽࡣ
Լ˶Է𾴣ǳκһˣΪ
ȻʱԼҵλȴûдԼҳ

գ˿˿Ϣš
һ۾ϥ档
ʱԼʮ֮Զȴһ㶼⣬ںԼҵİΣ͸ӦΧûвԼҵĻ塣
Լңȴ˫ԼԼҶԸ˵Ļ壬򲻻֡
ϾҲҪģܽɱϡ
ʵֻص棬ԼҳȴκһˣҲʲô£Լʱ뿪ֻš
֮Ի뿪ԼңĿģȴΪڵĻš
ʱ򣬻žǳŵģҪҲԣǺͬھǾԵƴ
ȻΪԶ߱ƿػŵԵʡ
ֱʥ£ǻӽ磬ûѹ׹Ե󣬻ŸѣҲĳµ÷ͨ£Ҳʹ
ͷ֣Խӽ磬ŸյԽ죬֤
λãڻģԼңӽԵĵش󣬻ſٸգ߱˸ӦĴںǿ
𽥲㣬ҲжϳԼûΣյʱ뿪Լңӽӽλá
Լʮ֮Զ
ɹȻǲףԻĸӦΧŻŵĸճ̶ȣţȵڣֻҪǰڵĻ壬ܸӦҲǷҷ뿪Լҵԭ
ǣµȴûг֡
˸Ӧ壬Լɢ⣬ûбûзڴģЩƫڸ
˵Ÿյĳ̶ԶԶ
ԴˣЩԤϡ
ϾǻħִƵĿ´ڣԶһʮط۶ǵ˾ƿصġ
ϧˡ
΢΢ҡͷвź
ڵĽٶȣʵ̫ˡüͷ
仰֮޵»ѪΪ⼸ĳɳٶȣʵ̫ˣ÷ȥ²μƮ۵Ǻ;۵̨Ѵ֮
ǰƴȫڸ涼ż£ǿ۵̨֪˶٣һУɵġ
֮޵Ľ½һ㼫ϸ΢ĳɳҪ㣬ͬʱ䣬ĳɳȴƵһ󲽡
ŵ磬Ծ׵ĳɹȴ÷Ȼе
̫ˡ
ò˼꣬ҵĴͻǳΣա
ء
ڷǳİȫʹΧҲûκΣտԣⶼʱġ
вڸѰĵˡ
ǣδػ̫ʱ䡣
ûмʮʱɳ֮ޣΣǰӵԱ֮



1552 𽥱ƽ
ʮطۡ
̵ʱڣ֮ޣΪʮطۡ
૵
ܷΪʮطۣȻͬľ棬ȻδŤתƣȴҲ÷ӵһԱ֮ܽȫϣڵǵľԮϡ
ȥˣǵľԮûе˵չҲ˳ԵҪһ˾ûôס
ʲô취ܾ֮ޡ
õİ취ˣȻﻹһ̫ȪȴҲҪؼʱ̣һٴ֮ޣڷûǸʱ
š
գ˼·ͣ˻š
ǻŵĴڣƳ˻÷֮޵ѶȼĽͣ˵ʲôݾĻҲֻˡ
ɡ
֮£ҲûʲôѡȻǻ𽥽ӽ硣

һ޴ƬϣΡΰĴǡ
ƬȻȲڵƬǱԼڵƬȴ֪Ҫ϶ٱ
ƿش˵صģҲһָĴ壬ҡ
ʱҵ´ڣλĴˡ
ѾԽԽȫˡ׵Ҽڣüͷ֣ڣûжٰȫĵطȵħһɱ
ħһ֣ڵȫɫ䡣
ȻΣգֵĻ岻ǿӦĹĴ壬ǲڻ£ħһһȫһˡ
̾ͻᱻɨܵ
ħһʼֵģǺڹ򣬾ֻħһɨ֮ǵҵġ
ħһ岻ֱӳģһʱûɱںɨڹ֮ͷɢ˿ħһ壬ȴѾ˸򣬺֮䣬һڵ·ɥӡ
ħһɱǰҵǸ뿪һλ͵վ
˷׷׵ͷ
õĽֻҵˣ꾭ӪĻҵҵĴǲصģ򲻵ѣǾô
ôǷϢ𣿡ҼڴĿˡ
û˿
ȷϣһıʵڵĸѰҷȳħһٽ͸ˡ
Ҿ֮һ
Ǽ˹ûҵԽԽ˿ʼţͲ
Ͼͽһ²⣬ûܿ϶

˰̾ѰҷѾϣˣϣ̫ã
ʱ´ű͵˿
ҼеĻһӾˣǼ£˭ôӣҴǣϸһǼڵһ֮㣬ƽﱻǼΪӣڣĺҲҪǵŭܵϳ͡
ϣλϣһ˹ԳǷ鱨һŭλ֮һҵæҪ˵Ļһ˵˳
ʲô
Ҽ˵ŭһʧĸɸɾʱ˭ȥƽϺ֮ð֮
죬˴
û˻鱨ʵԡ
ҲԼѰҷͬʱҲ߼ͣտʼʱȷʵżϢǰҵļֶɱӺûз
Է˵϶һİա
ûһᣬһưӣ´ԷҲû֪һʱȻûмƽ㡣
֪ģҼֱưӣھطʵǿѹưӿȥ
ưӣǶ˫˳ֵλط
ûưɫ΢ףǱҼѹ㣬ǳϣԼ뷽һν֣ûκ©ԭԭ˵˳
ңԼĲ²⡣
ˣȥãһ;Բ١Ҽɫ
ңҲˡưӵ
´ڣܿʣ˼ˡ
СӣҲ̫ʹ˰ɣǶûʣȫ˵˳һλЩɻ
ߣѵ˵һطһλЦ
Ҽ˰ֹ֣ˣĵģ鱨ʵԡ
˵ĶģȷʵпǷҼ۾΢˵
ԣ˱٣Ҵ󲿷ֶʮطۣ鱨ǷֻǾطʣԵֻз۷嵽ʳڵʵ˵ϻ
Ȼû¶棬ʵϺ˵ǵ޵пܱˣҽһУûҲ
Σ˶ֵȥȷһ
ưûмǽһУǣڣ̫ˣÿһᱻɣΪȹעĶ
ֵֻĴʵ̫٣˻ưһΣʱ򣬶ԼҵĵϣԼҵ˱޷뿪ȴҲὫڵϢ
֣û֪硣
ˣ֪ڵģֻưӺԼҡ
Ҳδؾ϶˾ǷˣΣͷһҲҪץס
ƾԷһ㣬㹻һˡ
û뵽˾ȻԼңԼڻŵĻİΧ¡
һλ̲סп
Լҵ鱨һʱ䴫
ǲ֪ԼڵԼҵλãġ
ȷʵǵ˼άä㡣Ҽص
û뵽ڻİΧ֮УѰҷڰȫĵطЩĵ̣ʶıˡ
ȻҲвȷԵʡ
ȷĻΣյĵطҲᱻҸ飬κ©
ɳ֣ȥԼ֮ء
Ҽܿһ֧ǿĶ뿪ڵƬıԵ



1553 
ǣڡ
ڴŻĴ֣Ҳ淢Σ
ͻȻһӰ˽ǰ
ˣһ˳С
á
һ˿ϲɫңʲôʱر
ǡ
ӰĻʧĸ졣
жˣڣͿǲǷվ˼
ζ뵽һжڰƶ
ưӵĵϣڱ⡣
ʵϣưӵһϵģңǳ
һˣɱˣٵ˺ưҲûмųҪһطȥһسӡ
ȵ֣ϳʱưӲŻȻ
ò״ӻĹӴưӲŷ˶ԷͣҲĲһԼˣпǷ
㲻ǣҲ⿴ù赶ɱ˸Ƿ⡣
ǣư˳Ȼûмָǰȥңҽʲô˵ʲô֮¡
һоա
Щ˾ڲԶĴѰңֻҪȷǷǾܴˡ¶֮ɫ
ǵȴǱߵĽչˡ

ա
촩۾ĺبϥ
ʱ磬һθĻϢҲӵŨʴĸ
ϣѾԿ϶ˣȷʵЧ۾
ϵĳԣԼеĹ۲죬ܿ϶ŵĸգԴ֮ޣžԵãǽڣһϡ
ǣŵԭֺ̫Ȫȱűʵ߲ܻΪһ̸
̫ȪƽƵþǸƳӴʵ磬ǵȫֵ֡
ȴ޷ĴڱԶԶ̫Ȫȡ
ĲΣȻͲʲô֮ޡ

ɣԼò˴ԴӣԼ츳ҲǱԭ򣬾ΪĴڡ
Ǵ˵ʥһģʵ磬ʹˣҲ£ñһãԴӡ
񣬻ΪĵرڷԼľʵȴ޷Ĵ˵ȡ
Ȼļֵ˳һʼʱ
֮ôףӰ죬ڸս֮ʱҪ౶һ·߸ͽˣҲ𵽵á
Ӱ죬Ҳǲൽ˼¡
λħϣɱ֤ǰߵĲΣҪߵĶࡣ
ţŸյһ̶ȣĸ߲δڣֱʵչ硣
Ҫյʲô̶ȣ
üͷ
ӦòҪֵزǣԵƺҲǲС
λãҲû̫Զʧĳ̶ȣȴǻĺԶ
ѵ˵磿
ԺͻȻһͷ
ӦԻ磬ĻԿ϶Ȼ췭ظı仯
ǣеķҲǲԶǼǵúЩˣĻȫʧȻڻʴ
Ҳδأлţһ˲ͬ
ǣҲ޷Ԥ⣬ı仯
Щ
Ȼ֪ԵĻأҪľ軹еġ
Ի˽̫٣ʵ޷󣬽󣬻ʲôӦ
̫ı޷ա
ҡҡͷһͷѹȥ򲻵ѣ᳢˷ȫ޷Ԥ֪Ϊ
ţ
ͻȻɫ΢üͷ
ǡطʼĻ壬ô֣в⡣
ԼȫǲȡĹԣȻɱƬ嶼ˣ屾ڶƣôʧȫȺע⡣
ĵ̣Ļٻ
ˣûΣճ֡
һΣ򣬿Ƕ㲻ȥˣжϳӦĻ壬ǰķԼڵƬ
ǿɶԸһĻ塣ҵ촩ۣ·ٸȥ
ͬʱԼԼмʮգһӴ۸ʻţɳ

ڵˣЩơ
ǵг̲˳ԼڵĵطıԵΪĵ̣ⷬ޿ɱģ屬սԽԽĻ壬оطʼġ
òף˦еĴȴҲǱô˦ģҲֻܲˡ
Ψһֵҵǣ·Ȼȴоգò˶ãܵĿĵء



1554 ɱɱ
ǰԼڵƬ
ϣ˿ڵ
ʱǾԼڵأѾĻ¶ܿƬϵԵĻȴֻܼ
˵Ŀ⣬׵ˡ
Ҫĵ̣ɳ㹻ǿ֣λеĳϴӣǾطʼǿߡ
ټʮطҲֻһˣĶǾطʣһɳλطʣҶͨľطʣɼԴеӺڴ
ϣҪʧмϻ
Ϊ˴ǸĴ۲С
ڻİΧ֮УʹڣҲδܰȻɡһԣϽӿڵ
ңҲû֤ʾ˾Լҵĵϡ˵ģǹ˳ϣҲλطʼĳУΨһһģ֮ˣͺأҲҵһӡ
˵Ļ˵꣬˶̲ס
һնûУ⣬ĳƵһݡ
𰸺ܿˡϳ
۸ʻ𽥽ӽԼڵƬ
ס
ȻûбٵС廹š
λжϣԼжʵͲƾǵĻǾûİΧ´ģһ·ϣǿıݻٵͼͲ
Լȴö˶˵Ļţ˵⡣
йŹ֡
˵۾
ûã۾ͼʻͣƬϷЦһڴͷǿ糱ˮӿɨƬ
¡¡¡¡
һʱ䣬ƬǻζţĽǳѺۣߺȻ
йԼ˵ȴһѡ
ˣȫҳ
ҫչϵʱԼңˣҲǾӸµ·ˣ̸Цţûʲôŵա
û˰Լҷ
ǸͬˣܻưӵˣǿȥΪ˴İΧطʶֻҪһλ
˵Ѵڰѻ׷ɱԼҺǸǷˣ⡣
á
Լȴ˼Ȼҡ
ʻۣûκεΣͱԼ˲˫ҲǵһʱӵϢ
ԷʲôǱŶ⻹⣿
˼˫ΪԷǵģܵûǡ
Ȼʵ̫죬Ҳ̫ԵûԼҷӦϷ
ϱ˶ɫ
طʡ
˫˹

ϵĻԼҵļλ߲㣬ǲ˫
ǲǶ֣ǵİţŪǵͼҧҧ˫˾ͬʱȥ뷽
˫ҲЩֹԷ˰Ե磬ûвǵڣȻûг֣ȵȥ˻ػ˵Ӱʱ˶ˡ
սپ
ϵ飬üһ䡣
һ˹ǿɲһնûУҪ֪׷ǺľطʼĻ壬ֻľ˱׷ϣĴۻ˱ץʱ䡣
~
Լ˻Щججһ˿ɱ⣬һȭȻ£ʱһҫۺǰ׹䣬ԼҳһЩ촷ۣԭһӡ
ٸҳɣͬ˿ӡĮ
ԼҾû˱Žң˶ٶȴԼҳǳҵҲͣǰ
˵棬أϵĿ⣬Լһɨ˫ϣʶ˫ԿӦԼ˵ļ
׼ȷϢ
ŷġ
˫ЩȻһԼңȷʵûǶԷʸ
˫
Цû˵İƾԼңҲЦһ˫˵Ǹš
Լܴȷʵİ֮뿪ˣΪΪĵ̣뿪ĻᱻɱԼʵãֻҺûںǣڸտʼļι󣬾֮ˣǻڡ˫ش
һҧԼңںǰ뿪ˣȥ
ϳ£˫˵ҲǲܣعͷλϽ˸
ǵ۹⣬ȻܿǰЩԼûһĿꡣ
һ˲ܰҲܱ˵䣬šϵƤ
ˡ
ȷʵ˫˵뿪ˣǾţ
Ҳ̫Ϸˡ
Է뿪ұżȴ˿գûлùͷԼңȻҲΪǵĳͲ
ҵ֣⣬һС塣
ǲײĲᡣĿɭһӣһź͵طɳվ˫ֱߵʮˣһλطĳڣϢıɣȫʬ
ʵ
ϵָ˫ұߣ¡
˫䣬û뵽ԷȻˣ˵һЩԼˡ
ʱָŵΪȥ˱ʹ־ĿϵƣɪɪţΨҲ˲ɱ
㻹ԥʲôΪʲôҪ
ұߵԼУ˳ܲס޴ѹЪ˹׵ĺ˳
Ŷ
۾һһ̴ȺץһʮǴˡ
˵㲻Ǹߡһ˸κԼ֪һԭԭ˵˳
˫̾һ۾ҡ
ûзڵ³Ϊң˫ԷʮָмģԸң˫ҲͿĺʹ˷Ҳһһ
ǣˣȴ˶ǡ
Ĭޣ
ζ͸¶Ϣϲϲ
ֺܽӽǽޣп˳Ͽڵ
ԡ
˶ǴϲµĿ꣬ȻЩ룬ȴҲҵУΪӽһˡ
ǷĬĿϡ
⣬⡭ţ˵ʶ˫
Ҫ˵Լп֪ĵģҲֻ˫һˡ
ֵһ⣬ŵɣתͷ˫˳ǣ¶һ˿ӸµЦݣҶ˵˰ɣ˵ĬģߣԼ塣
ѡһɡ
Լ˵Ŀⶼŵ˫һ֮䡣
𣿡˫ۿϣ۾ְɡ
ģǳϵϣܿ죬Ͼ¶֮ɫ浱Ҳɱ𣿡
͵𣬺ҫƾҪ˫ȥ
ɱɱ
ʱһңң˶
ϴ󾪣æתͷȥ
ֻңԶĵطһҫĽâأҪ룬ƺƵ˶ȻС
~
̼䣬ǵֲĽâͿԽգնǰԼڵƬû˿أһűֽ㣬г룬˷Ӧǰֲâնҵϡ
˴׷ɱۣ̱ѳƬâȻͣ˶˽ȥ



1555 ǿ
~
ʷ̫죬˷Ӧ˫ĿȻȴȴûеֻоƥĽХ̵Ļһʹ
ǣȴûһ˿ϡ
ãȻ۾˫ǡÿǴԶնĿֲâն˵ۣ֮顣
һǣ˾֮
Ȼϣ;Բôˡ
ܴӻİΧӲȻλط·ԭ۱ǿͼ̣ҲǲԶģڼٶȵǰ£ҲӡŴ󷨣ṩŷһľطʣƿ
ֲâǰΪķȴЦ
âնе˲䣬ϹâһҪֵ˺޼᲻ݵĽâǰһ飬ֱӷһзϡ
λϣǴֲԮĿ۱һն顣
ɴ˿ɼһǺεȵƥǺεȵ޼᲻ݣƺﶼ޷ͣͷֺ
ڵϺ͹˳ŭȴҲֹ˴ٵĽֻڽâ㣬˾ʱæ֣һ
ܱɳίΣ˵ʵȻһľطܱȵġ
Ϻ͹˳ϣǷڣϸǿǷʺڵǿߡ
ǳ֣ǷͬСɣ۷ȴһ󣬻סˣˣվıȽԶļ˱âನ룬ȫʬ
쵰
λطʷŭ쳣Ҫ֪ǴɱûһˣƫƫûǷĵط˼ˣǽܡ
ĸ쵰ҲҪ͵Ϯ
ϲȻŭǳһʵעԼǱߣӦǼˣȽϽģӦֱȴƫƫˣڵĻҲ
һԼңǴǾһѹ˵Ŀ⣬ʶ˽â
谵֮У촩ۼʻվڴͷĿ䡣
~
˫ͻȻһ¶֮ɫ
ֻ˫Ľӽӳ۽ķһķ仯òĸᣬҲ𽥳˵޵
ı仯𾪡
Լ˵Ϥķһӷ˱仯ƺǱһˡ
ԭĿܹ૵ͻȻ뵽ʱķһİϤĸоԭΪֻһԵʣڲףΪ仯ò
Լ˵ãǾϲˡ

ϻţ˷ܵԸӣָŷָڻζ
һðԵǱһ˿ڴΪǵľݣʵϣλطڣĵ¶ôΪ˾Ҫҵķֻ⻰ǲ˵
û뵽ľǷ
ʱ˵飬ڴӵã㾡ҲƱȴһƫƫڳ׾ʱһţȴ˴һ
Ƿ
ûأʵĿ
ΪֲСʱҲصڣ󷽵չֱĿ
˾ϲ飬ĿԼɨʱ͸֮ɫ
ҵĵ÷ֲ
ܸӦĶ򣬿ǶԵˣȴûʲôӦģȻǵҲЩȴԶԶ޷ͻȣŵĸճ̶ȣԶԶӦ
ǸǺľطʼĻ壬֪
ȻȫٸϻˣӦǻ壬ЩǱȺ׷ɱĻˣҲȷĵԼڵƬ
ǣ
Ŀ䣬óˣûҵıƹǵĿģЩˣ˷ıɱ
䡣
ڽ͵նһͺ֮ĽâҫƬգǵصնˣλطʶϯ롣
ţǵڶ
ɲǼ䣬·㣬ԴԴնˡ
ô£
ʵôǿ󣿡
ڷǿ󹥻£ҵЩˡ
һʼĿϲ侲ʶһʵǿ󣬳ǵ
һȴӲѹסˣ޷
˵ֻз۷嵽ʳڵʵ𣿡
ʲôҲ̫ˡ
λطʽ˸жޱȣǵõ鱨ʵһ㶼ǿκһ˶׽֮ѹƣʵȴǺݺһ⡣
ǷʳڣҲзʺڵʵԲѹǴǱ϶Ҫʤһ



1556 һһ
ǿ˷¡
ʵϣһʼʱ¶ˣһǳۣʹΪλطʷӦԵʣһľطܰ쵽ģʳڣȻһطʵķ롣
ֻɻڷַҪҵĿʱѸٵıԺˡ
̫⣬̫ϲ˭ǵǵ㷴
ϾǿǿҲߵĶ֡
ڣȴʶģȫһ
ңԼʵҲܺͿ
˫ڣǶ֪ǿȴҲΪֻзʳڵʵ֪ĻҪǿ
Եǿ̶ȣĻ¸ףʲô˫૵
ʱȻѾϳǸߵ˵ĸʾҪҵˣӰҲŸʾܱߴҲףΪʲôıòǻһҲŪˣΪʲôһҵȻⷬɻû˽
ʯ䣬һĹȻˣ˿ȥԼǰ
˺󡣡ûлͷ
˫˵ͷûзϻⳡսûʸȥġ
һʺڣڡ
ĿɨˣͨŵĽ֣Ҳжϳ˵ʵˣûб
ʵȫʢʱڣһ£ȴûôס
Ҳ塣
ڵɲǸսԵǻܱȵġ
Ĳʧڴ֮޳̶ϵļ淨ϵҲǼţʵżĽ
ͬǴ֮ޡʼޣʵҲǲ༫
ӲԵ⻷Уʵٶﵽ˷ʺڵĳ̶ȣز󣬲Ҳǵ˼ޣϾԵع󣬳Ǵ֮ޣŻһ档
û뵽ʵȻ֮ǿ
Ͽŷ
ӳʼУѾ侲Ҳָġ
ȥվһԣڷַǿĳǲʸˡ
ǶΪ⼸ʵزû˻ô룬Ϊⳬǵ⣬뵱ȻΪ鱨󣬻߷ʵ
ȻǿȴҲҵĶ֡ϵǿһλʼޣʹ۷ģҲкüλǿģʤȻռϷ磬˸ǿߣѵ㻹Ӧ
Ȼ֮⣬Ա
Ϊ򶥼š
ǶԴûб̫ϣǴ˷ʵģͲˡ
ȻⷬҲŴţĳɷڣĿΪסܲս֮ٺò
Լ˷׷ɫ䣬ҵʵ
飬ȴûжٱ仯
˵ĺܶԣڵҵĶ֡
ϵ¶ϲɫΪǱסˣ˸ɣԺ
ǺǣֻҪԹϡ
ϵĻû˵꣬ͱˡ
ԣõİ취ң֪
ǶѾһ㶣ЩãȻĿŷܿ죬ͷӦ˹ɫҲ
ѾҲ˷
ҪҲ֪ôΨһİ취ȫǻȥͨ籨š
ƾ㣬ҲǣϲŭЦ
ЦЦû˵
ִŽڽطȫתţ΢΢һ㣬ңң˳ȥɲǼ䣬ǿҵĹâ𣬰޼᲻ݵĽ
ҵλŷ֣ǼӿռǼɵѡ
ʱһ̷֣Ӧ˹׵ϡ
ƲԳԷơϵɫ¶˾ģϧҲҪһѵʶʹռϷ磬Ҳġ
ȻŷһɫâͻȻڽϺȻԼͻȻɢ
á
Ͼ
ԸϾֵס˷Ĵ󲿷ֹƾϺ͹˳ϣ޴ʵ£һѵ
ԭͱȷһɢңڽͻķһնһԵϣϻãȻžͱ͵ĽʳѪ
~
ŵУ
һɱϺ󣬷ûͣ٣ͬһն˳ȥâҫͻϣһն˹˳ϣ׽ɱ
̼䣬ҵλطʣһһǿв˰նɱ
λطʣת۾ֻʣһˡ



1557 δȫ
һԼң˶ɵˡ
ңԽܡ
κǺõȥΪĽûԤϵĵ
ճʱ򣬹Ȼˣһͺ˳ۣһǿޱȵĸоĹУѹ˴ȴҲ˶٣˫ʵǺܽӽģв˰
ˣһһնɱҵϺ͹˳ϣ˵ĵһӦǣš
ܣⲻܡ
ҵŵĺ˳Ŀ⣬˿־塣
˫ȻҲе޷ţǸģʹ졣
ҵЩˣλһԼڵƬͺ޼ɣôôȫûԼ˵ϣɱɱŰԵ˼㣬ڣҲͱɱЩһѪ
ǳϲԣԼ˿»кá
ϵ³Ǹеޱȵʹ졣
ʧǵģˣλʺǿϣûģǼһŷ
ƽȴûгλҵʱ
ֻ֪ʲô
Է˵ҵϺ͹˳ϵʵֵһᣬһɱǣǲǵһˣҪǳ֣Ҫһء
ʹܿԽռ֮ԽģҲǱ˴˼գҪԷͻƶԷķ
Ŀпռ䣬ֱһնڶԷϻھˣ֤ɱ˫ʵϣȻˣ˫ʵ̫󣬲նһзֱӹԷ塣
ǰˣȻûôöԸ
ϣ˶Ϻ棬Ҳ˵Ҫˣȱͻϡ
ϵʵȷҲǲһͻ󣬷ʣɱҲ޼вλطʣҲǰ˴֣ռϷ磬ȴ޷˵κһ˵ԭ
ֶΡ
ʵϵĽҲ뷽跨ģŵԼĹ
űĹ붼룬ĿǰΪֹҲֻƳ͸ӦڹϵģҲʹĸ
Ƿʼޣʮطֻһ֮ңΪʲôԵܵѹƺΪعı仯ʹ޷ȫӳ
ͬģһŷãɢ˻ĳ˵ͬǸıԵع
Եǰ磬Ҳᱻ
ڸıع£ȫӦȻȻľͻᱻϲŻоɢ
Ȼֶعĸı䣬ϵģĸճ̶ȣԶԶһ㣬ǰҲӦ֮޵ʱڲϵĸգԼŬ£ǿõս֮С
ģҲӰع򣬶Ǹı䡣
侲Ļͻ֣ᷢԼɢʵ࣬һӰˣϾͻع顣
ǣ֪еԵɣֶعӰ죬ޱȣԣֱܹ۵ĸоԼƺرø룬ܵų⡣
ԵҲ湦취ҲʵģֹɢصĲϺų⣬δŵģҲ޷ġ
էһ̾ңͻƣû赲ҪնɱˣԷ˵ͲѴ֮ˡ
սҲǷԵʡ
ûһʹãһ󹥻ҵʶΪԼֻʵȻټɱУȻͼӰ
ֵˡϡ
ֱڣϻûŪô£ѾƵˣ⻰жʱԶƵĿ־֮ɫȻˣΪһ⼫ȥ
ûᡣ
۾΢ĹҲֻʹˡ
ڽ͵նɲǼ䣬âҫգ͸âĽңңնܵĺϣֻУȻѪ
ȻһȴҲûнĺ⳹ն䡣
ԷϾǷʺڣܱȵģҪһնɱʹӰعϵʵҲ԰쵽
һǾ
شϣԵסĵڶģڶԷǰնڶ
~
ʱӴɽĺӰͻȻмɶĵڶԽնȥȴûնں棬ǽĸӰ˽ȥ
޼᲻ݵĽŰűĸӰ
ȵһľֻ˺۵ĻǰǿҲûĺһۣ޵Ŀ˷ŭУȻɱ˹
ϧˣͲһ㡣
̲ס
ϵٶȼ죬ʹǷҲֻγֵĻᣬԭʮգû뵽;ȴɱ˳ҧ
ֻ壬׷ɱҶģΪٶȲۺͷֱʱŸҲǵĵ÷ӦӶع顣
û뵽ȴоһ
ԷѡߵķҲĿģֻ嵲˷һ
ܿʰ飬עɱֻ棬ǶǷڵʵǿǿηǳѲ
ҵ˸ûиǲ뷨ҲǷ˺һ򣬲Žֻһһնɱ
~
³һҲǸеһƣĿɨۣԶԶһԵˡ
ҵλطʣһӣȴ
ǲǲӣһԵԼһ񣬲˶ǳ˳ޣϾԼҵѣģȻȴҲѲ˸ϵ
ûλطʣˣԼңҲռκƣҲӲ
ңıԵΧǻĵ̣ӳȥôڻ׷ɱҲܰ쵽ġ
ҵУһȥǴվ˳
ֻҪŹǣ֪ģһ֪޲ԣ޲λ˿ĭɬ
һʼʱЩţϾвһɱҵλطʳϣĿУħ졣
ǽŽţӵҲͦҲǱü䣬ҲǴ˼š
鱨ЩˣĽ
ǲ²⣬ƫԶش϶һ֪˶ϧҪҵ϶֪Ͷڱҵ˽͸üޣЩˣõϢԴ
бҪĻϧԼ鱨Ϊ롣
ֻҪͷһже̸
ֵĺеĻǻۣ÷ǳȥҲǲܡ
ˡ

һ㶣뵽˷ַܵӦͷӦвνΪ˵ҲЩ˺ֶΣû뵽ǣȴһȤûУʱˡ
ȵȡд󼱡
ȴ÷ϻˣڽһɨ糱ˮӿе˶˽ȥ̼䣬վĵطҶʣˡ



1558
ˣֻһϣȫû
ԶԼ㿴ңҿ㣬˫վ˳ŷ
˫ЩΣиһ׶ûС
û뵽ȻݺòԼңȻǸѰҵˣǼȫңô죿
뿪ԼǺȥδӣ
˫ηʲôе֡
׼һ°ɡ˫ջ˽ڽ˵ͷ
˫һ㶡
ѾʺϾסˣνҵвһɱֻطʼĻ壬ĺ֡
˫ϷӦ緽˵ѾʺϾס
˵ģֻطʼ壬ĴٽǿɾͲˡ
һطǱġ
һһ԰ȫĵطأʱͲҪˣԼܻܲȥҪԼ
¶֮ٽԼǣ֮ء
ס˫˵ͷ֪֮ԼԶԶûʸ񣬲뵽ĶԹ棬ĻֻװΪڻңܰҵһȫĵطأѾ御ˡ
ʵղŲùǣȫԱЩ˹аԥ£˫˵˳
һˣܸмûлȡ鱨Ҳ˫еϧ
Ȼʹ뿪ˣǴðżķգҪҷ˫ЩһĸʾģһٵľǺεȶӣ˫룬ǣλӳȥ¡
ҿɲΪǣֻûǸҪˡЦ
ǵ鱨޹ؽҪΪǳֵһ̣ҾĴ㡣
ȷʵκνҵ
ԥ֣ˣΪûбҪʵ鱨Σ׼ԣ
ܲӳȥȻҵ˵Ѿ¶Ҳˡ
ǱߣȻзӦڵҲͰˣΣգѰҵˡ૵
һңͲڵķܶԸˣѰȻʮطۡ
Ҳ˵мĿܣʮطۡ
ȻλûӻȥδŪ߷ʲôȡʲôжҲ˵׼ķջСһ㣬ֿҲǴڵģϾΧǻ壬˵δӵĻȥ
ֻὫϣڣǵľԮϣҲὫϣڰ;
ûõġ
Χǻ壬ҪܵĻȻأ˾޴ĻҺ󣬷ᱻע⵽ַλá
ԷķӦ̫ʱ䣬÷ӵĴ
ûа취ˣʱ̣Ҳֻܶһġ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ԼҵĶܿ죬Ķߺ󣬺ܿڷĻ£֮һƬ
ԭһԼһҪǿԷڻĹ£͸ƬҲûʱľӪİȫ̶ȣȲϾɵأֻǣʱ˿̣ҲֲԼˡ
ڣƵϰȫĵطҲֻһˣܲһֱȫȥҲ֪
úԼҺ󣬷ܿ뿪Žӽĵطȥ
ڰڷǰģҲֻôһ·ˣðս磬Դ֮ޣΪʮطۡ
ɣһܣɡ

ҡ
һӵ뿪ƬԶȥ
ʱգԽԽȫֵĻԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽǿʹҵϳżҲлܹЩˣǸЩܹĻɱ
ţʲôһӵͻȻ
Ȼ׷̧ͷֻԶһ⼲ʻٶȿľˣתۼ䣬Խǣɢǲѡ
ãǳżȥġΪ׵ӵɫ䣬ǿĳȥķڵƬ
˲ҵ뿪ƬҲûԶ˺ܿ͸˻ȥ
ǵǿĺȻڵƬԵԭضһ޴ĿӶһˣѪģ
һΧڸȴҿ
ѣѵǡΪ׵ӵܣѪϲƵԽԽϤҶԷѪ߰ߵӣҲһĪϤС
ϡ
Ϊӵܴһæ˿Ӷ
⣬ǰԵϣƴȫһ˻ֻҲ;ƿݣʱϡڶԺ֣ģجʶ΢΢Щ
ԡ죬ǿĸ˵˳漴Ͼʧȥ㣬ʶĺڰ



1559 磨ϣ
ң´
ӵϢҵĴٶȣۼһ
ܲңҲûӹһ٣ڻһ̣;ƿȥˣǰֻĸ֣ԡ
ҵļʹһجġ
ȥԵԼҵģȫ˰һλ૵
ȻҲʯϡ˳ϵ˵ʯǰˣǣΨϵʯû£ҲͱһЩϣ֪ϻǻˣȴҲͬʱ;ƿݵȥ
ǰµļ֣ǸŪ׷ʲô
ӣǻǿһ£жɡҵĴϳ˳ţ֮ǰûжΪϻţŪԵ£ֻܰڲһˡ
ԣ˷׷׵ͷ
ȥأλط䣬кֿܶܡ
ǵȥĵطмĿܣǿĻ壬ˣԼҲֻܴݺѪˡ
ϵǵ䣬ͻĹϵ󣬶ңӦõԼڵءһλϿڵ
ңԼҡһλϲһ䡣
û˷ϣȻϵֻĸ֣˶ܲ³ݡ
ͷ˵ıȻҪϢǲûɡҼ
˵ҪҵˣǲͬһˣͲҪˡ
Ҳ쿴ϵƣȻŶƣоԻģģȴӦҲ˵кܴĿܣǷɵġҼ̾ϢСû뵽ʵиӿ¡
֮ǵѲ˹ϵ
˵˵ͷȥи̽鱨ĳϡ
ҼһתȻûȫǣ˵ʵȻҪǿȴҲûӦ˵ĵزԶǵĶ֡
ԣҾҴٳԾԵѹ׽á
˺ȻӦŵ
Һܿж㳲
ǧѷĴûᣬһץסҾܳƶ𣬳ΪһˣζܷŹ
ʹϳϧ
ϾڿȷˣԼң֮ǰȣ֮

ǣ
û뵽ԼңıԵܼң򡣡ķЦ
Ǳߵ춯ܿյϢ
ܲѡ
û뵽Ȼһľϲϵڱͷϡ
û뵽û뵽û뵽һ˵ʮû뵽ĲŴӿܵ侲
ȥҸףϢЩˡվ
ǵơ
һ֮ʮط˵ķԶܱȵġ
ңͱץȥȡͣЩˣδػῴһۣ˵ȴ㹻ķöԷһˡ
ϡĵĻ
ȷϡ߿ģȷʵЩˣһˣ֤ǿջϲһǼңҲ븶Ĵۡ
һ͡
֣ҳ̶ǰѵһģʱ֪ҪҲйԲ׽ӰϢ붯ЩˣǺջ񡣡
Щˣ밡ϡ̾˿һʼʱ򣬻ЩģŲ׽ӰϢ̫࣬ǵҲԽԽҪ֪һЩ붯ЩˣĿģΪѰҷѰҹУ˳ɱ塣
ĲȻЩŭȻһλ֪ȻЩ˵Ŀģʶƺٰϳϣһλһƣɱλ
Ĵʧɫ
һƻɱѵǾطʵæʵ
һԣһ֮ʮطۣҲһЩǾطʣҪôǱǿıҪôΪһЩǸ
磬ץõ͵ĻͻΪһ֮
ϡҡҡͷ
ʮط۶һƻɱǵʲôͷ૵Ȼ֪ʮطҲǿȴҲܿԷǷ
ͬʱѰҵķиӵļɵ
ԭǹҪҪ֮ǰɳȥ׽÷׵ģȴҲˣˮˡ
ڲ׽Ӱ̫࣬붯ЩˣȴûҵĻͱ븶Ĵۡ
ףϢɡĳ˻ᣬԹϡ߳кܴİգֵð
ˣȻٺòУ˵ûʹ˼ĴۣҲҵģΣǶҪ̫ʹһϢɡ
ϡοĵ˵ͷ롣

ҺͳΪжʱȴ뿪Լҵĵ̣Žӽĵطȥ
ԻŵܸӦǿλã׾ܱܿǣˣûʲôΣա
ŷԽԽӽ磬֮ĻԽԽŨعҲǱ仯Խ
֪˶ãڣһ߼ʵĻ磬ڷǰ



1560 磨£
硣
Ŀ΢ǰ뿪Եˡ
Ȼܿˣʵϣλþ绹ԶˣȥȫһƬ磬Ϳ߽磬Ҳġ
ԵһͨˣԵһ΢ĵطܿģıɽһǶԶԶ絽ж󣬲Կ϶ǣԵԵһߵͷܽ硣
΢΢ҡͷ񣬼ǰȥͬʱעҲ˻ϡ
ϣԽӽ磬ڵĻŸյĳ̶ȾԽߣ÷ܸӦĻ巶ΧҲֱ֮仯Ĳ
УĺԶǱýˡ
૵
ʱѾܽˣȻžܷɿ츴ţҪĳ̶ȣȴ̫࣬ڷ֮޵İҲޣչٽ磬Ļ֮С
ķ̫ԤڼΪٽĵطܳɹĻҲðգڿһ뷨ȴҪˡ
ҲѶϵˣ¶ĺ󣬾ûֹ
ĿǰĻ磬оڵĻܵĳ
ʵİ
λʥ£ǸޱȵڣһͲ˻磬ֻͷڵĻʹ÷ѹ
ڣŵı仯ȴڷƿ¡
ѹ˻ŵĴһƬĻ磬һһ̤˻֮С
һ̣Ǵһ磬Խһ磬ȫͬ磬ָоǰĴԽͿռ䣬ȫһ
Χκαɫ
ǵãӦýǽһǸĸоȴǳ˻磬ȫ޷ӦԵ
ţ֣ܶˡ
һ¶룬ǲԼһ㣬µǣǿ˸㣬Լٶʧš
á
ɫ䣬ʧḶܹ́˵ǽˣͻȫʧڻʴھģȫʧĹ̡
ˣѹֻʧȴûа취
ʹǷҲֻĿţԼԼٶʧ
Ȼڷ޷جεʱڵĻʧȥ˷ƿأȴ
һâӷؿ͸
ΧŵĻ磬Ȼ䱩ܵĪһɹɻɫӿ˷ڵĻգŴıգؿ͸ĻҲԽԽ
ȻҪڻ֮УջŻĻָȻ
ΪֹŪôԼڵģֻ֪ǿޱȣȴǳ˯һ㣬ԷѸա
֪ɱľǻħ󣬷ͻɣԻ磬ҪգҪڻ֮Уǵõ֤ʵ
ڣŵı仯֮ңԶԵʱ
÷˿ǣŻŵתʧٶȻֲֿͣʧٶȣڶѾȫˣ׳Ϊһˣڻʴ²ܴ
ҲǽͣȻڿʧţңǲܶ
ʱ䳤ˣʧȫȻڻϮ£ܷûһס
ǸޱȵʱûĽ磬ٽʱ˹ӹһ١
ڣȴǿѹ˻ţӶ̤˻֮С
Ҫӻûô򵥣÷΢΢ɵǣŻŵĿٸգʧٶҲǼ½÷֧źܾá
˱仯治֪ǺǻпЦ
ͻȻ
ͷ͵һȻоµ޷֮ϵĿӻңң˹
ԷĿ⻹ûе÷䣬ͬ׹޵׵ĺڰԨ˲˿ͷִڵıԶԶ
ʥԣħǻħ񡣡
ֿĸоΨʥĲС
ֻҪԷĿͻǣԷǻħʥΪУַĻԲ
У뿪뿪磬Ҷ
ǸӦ˷ǿҵɢݳĹâ淢ֽſٻָ֪ڸڻħĿڷϵǰһָ̣ж
˿ԥһˡ
ǰ̼䷢תΧĻʧ»صԵ
һ֮硣
ڷһ̣޷٣綼ֹͣתһ˲ͬᱻס֣ĺ޷

µӿš
ħӴӰڻ֮У񱩵Ļͬ˳Ϫ
ͻȻ
~
ڻ֮еĺɫħȻ̧ͷ˾춯صŭΧҵ˼㣬Ⱪţ췭ظ
һ㡣ı۾۾
ڸոգͬǰǰ㣬оѪĲҲģλħѭŸӦλãĿͶ˹ȥ
ȻָӦάֵʱ䣬ȻǰҪһ㣬ʵǷǳĶݡ
ҲǸսĿͶȥԴѪĲʧˡ
ڻ磬һ̣Եٴγȥı۾ף˰֮⡣
ʹǣҲ޷Ŀ⣬ԵڣΪһΣħʥ֮ĴսԺһУһУ򣬵ҵԵķˡ
һӵ࣬ȡǻеɫħŭӲģҵĿɨ˺ۼ
Ŷı۾ɫ΢
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ǵĺᣬ̸Ϲȥ
ǵطӦԵ򡣡
һΣλħҲǺջȷĿλãǶԣǼΪĵġ

ͨ~
뿪󣬷Ǳ龡㣬ʧӰ١
ӻħĿһͬǿսҪһߡ
ħΪʲôħעң
о𽥻ָԺǷɿתͷ
󲻽⡣
޷⣬ħע⵽һطʣǾԲܵ飬ʥħֲ֪˶Ҳڹ۲˺ܳһʱ󣬲ȷϷʥŽá
Ϊţһ˼ŪԭҲӦġ
Ի磬ǰһλˣһλħ



1561 ķƼ
ؾĻħղע⵽ҵλħ񣬲֪ʲôϵ
ħĲԷ˵̫ңԶˣλħ񣬷ҲǸӦǵĿȴûмǣ޴жϡ
Եʱûκ⣬ֻν˻磬λħע⣬˵ֻҪҲ磬ǰȫġ΢΢˿
ħϵѹʵ̫ˣڶԷ֣Ҳ˻磬һҵĻǱɣΣճ̶ȣĵжʥ֮ϣٽλʥɵǲԶֵġ
ȵȡͻȻʶʲô
λħķӦƺҲ̫ˣҵĸоרڵҡ
ʱ䣬ʵǳĶݡ
һǸޱȵ磬Ȼûн磬ڵĻȴҲ˻ı仯ң֣Ҳ֮ûá
Ȼ÷һŵƲ⡣
ѵ˵Ĵ֣ģĿɿڴ
Եֵ궼ѵüһΣһεĴָǺףûŪôһ¡
ϵϣλħע⡭
ɫ΢ףƲ˵ҪǣǿĻᳯ
ΪЩǳģ֪Ļ룬϶һȫɱ˵ģ뵽Ǻɨħһ壬˲
֪ûбȷλá૵
Ȼ˵ĺܿ죬ڻħĿǰ뿪˻磬ҲҴ⣬ħģҲͬˣĴ㡣
ħõģֵܳĻͳˣȵڣҪĵӻħĻ塣
ЩҵˣǿĻ塭̲סЦ
棬ӵ˼㡣
Ȼ磬˸Ϊӵǰ֪ҲԥΪ磬ûϣ
~
³һڳеƾ³侲ʼ̵㣬˴νջ
ţ
¶ϲ֮ɫΪоĻ巶ΧԶԶ֮ǰⲻǷĵģܿһԣûãΧһѸٵȥһ㱡ڷǰ
״ʱϲ
ʱʣ±һ㣬ƺһͱƣڽǰǰһģ֮ࡣ
ԽҪƳԽѣôһ֮޷ȫһݡ
̫ˣ̫ˡ
εķûаð鼤ͥ˵ĽҲˡ
ķѾƮʢɫᲢۣҪͶȡɡ
̫Ȫ
ڵľ磬Ȼ֮޵һʹ̫Ȫһƹأ֮ޣΪʮطۡ
ĺɵۣǰ

׺
վڳУĿԶڶӴӰԶڲϿ׺ǡ
ˣ쳷ɣɽڣûա
ˣǻƴסЩɶħȡʱ䡣
ˡ
ǿ߶ధţȻ׺ȴǲΪ
ӣӵȥѾ׺򹲴ǵĹǵļ磬ҲҪЩħۡ
˲Ȱ˵˼⣬˶Ȼ
׺ǣ˱׳
ûΪħһĹ´ЩµĻ壬ʮطۣǿĲ˼飬Զһ׺ֿܵţȻ׺£ҲԺ
ˡ
ħ쵽ˡ
λӭǵһսɡ
׺ǵ˵ȴĽ٣ħǿֲĺͬڶɪɪǿɽХأȻʱƺǽӵʲôϢٷеħȻͣסǿҲǰ׺һۣͷȥ
룬뿪ˣ
ʲôıƣ
ħǵ£׺ǵͷԣѵĵڵϣͷһľ̫̼ˣڵ飬ǹɽһ䡣
׺ҵΨħˣթСĵɳ֣鵽Ϣңǲ⡣
ħȷʵ뿪ˣͣ뿪׺򣬲Ҳûлص磬ɱ˸

գһӻУƻʵϿ쵽˼㡣
ΧĻ壬зģŭһȥȻҪô˸գҪôϢĻ촷ۣЩ棬ǿľطʼȴûһֻ⡣
ҲûС
ӰĽᣬҡҡͷ
һӦ˰ɡ
һ̤תʧ



1562 ֮ޣϣ

֮Уһʤϸ֣ͬЩ֮Уɽ̨ͤ¥ʤɽͼ֮Ů¥֮䣬һжеλãôһطڡ
䣬ﻹսԵ
һϢ˵ҵ˷ۣ֮һ쳣Ĺϯ䣬ݾŮϯ裬ǰڷζȣš
Ȼ׵ӺƣƷŹϹŮǵ赸⣬ȴĿбӣǰƼȣûһ¡
ʱ˵ģߵӣüͷ΢΢
Ƶ裬Σǰǲܡ΢Ц
ʥȻǳУܿϧ㲻ǡߵӳƳұ֮ˣŸոմ֮ޣΪʮطۣܲЩջСıλʥ
ұŵˣ뷽һ𣬲μӹƮ۵
ûзĻƮ۵ΪʶĿ֮ˣҲʹڷ۱Եڵõ̫Ȫ˳֮ޡ
֮޺ϵϢӵ翣Ȼ⹬ڣȴһҶҲҿҲͬľܡ

ЦƣЩŮǰƼȣȥ
ˣųһ黺
Ϣ
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£ƭǵ˲ˣȻҴϢ˵һĿŶȣһˣҳݣһ˲ˣαңɻ
ЩѿǸսӵϢħһ岻֪ʲôԭҲȥˡ
Ŷԭǵħһ岻СȻ
ҲգҶҲԽԽȤˣһɡ
׵¶Цݡ
˵꣬վ˸νѣ
ǰȥǴ̨ͤ¥ŮɽͼݣʤյɽĵԻӰʧǰģŻɫĻ谵ա
ָоǴһѣص˱ʵ
己һΣǻεۡߵ̾в޾η

ܿ췢֣תۼĲ
ڻŵĸճ̶˼÷ܸӦԲĻ壬ǵλúǿǵĶҲָơ
Էԣĺôܱܿ壬ڿɲӲӲʱ
ǣܿ뷨ҲǺܿĲʵ
Ϊڷĸ֪ԼĻ壬ٽıԵ֮࣬ʵ֮ǿԷڵƥУ÷ܻĿռ䣬ҲԽԽС
ǴģǴӻйġ
˵ʱĵط˻ǿĻ嶼ϣ䷽֮ǰǸ㣬е
λħ񡣡Ȼ
λħ޷͸磬Եķλã»ģǵ£˵Ļ嶼߸ϣħ˭Ҳӡ
Щ廹ӦǡɫЩѿ
Ļ岢ǿû֮ǰռʯǺĶǿ壬ʹٶ࣬Ǻܵġ
ֻǿʼˡ
һиµĻ壬ӻиɨħһ롣
һҪͻƣ֮ޡ૵
ʱ䣬̫ˡ
촩ϣظȥûԭĵطͻƣ֮Ҫʱ䣬ڻ嶼ϣԲʺͻơ
촩۵ٶȺܿ죬ܸӦԲڵĻ嶯ƣڱΧ֮ǰ
պ󣬷Ԧ촩ۣͣһƬϡ
ƬϵͱԫϱڣǷ棬ȥ쳣
ԭ̾ڸģҲһЩ壬ʱЩҲʧȥıԵ̫ãһԵҲԼЩȻĴڵߵͼѷҳ
ڣû֪ȥ
Щ壬ɢѰĻҪҵǧƬһġ
ʱ䣬֮ޡ
Ŀᶨ
ܳû룬α겻αûǿ֣ݣԵĴõȥһֱ֣Բʵֵı¡
һΣڷУ߽һ



1563 ֮ޣ£
³һڳ
ǰһ͸ƮϢȪˮֳȪˮϷӿţӵһ㡣
̫ȪƮ֮ǰڵȪˮ૵
ڣжЩˡ
ڱɱδߵʥӦòƮ֮ԷôİѱڵؽԳ֣ȴԽ赶ɱˣ棬Ʈ֮Ѳ˸ϵġ
̫ȪƮ֮Ҫ˵ԷûֽţţϾʱƮ֮ӦѾʶֻͬأȻ̫Ȫ⡣
ҲǼɵһ㣬Ե⼸꣬ûȡ̫Ȫ
Ǵ֮޵ĹؼʱڣҲ͹˲ôˡ
ʼɡ
΢΢ſڣ̫ȪʱΪһˮߣͶ뷽Уʧ
ƽƵﲻ̫ͬȪһԵģʹõһΣҲЧǿʺͻؿ֮ޡ
ǰһ㱣Χľٵȥһ㱡ڷǰ
֣Ļ졣
£һ׵̶ԱߵϣһСٲˮ¡¡ע뵽̶֮УȴԶ
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֪˶á
Ȼ˹
ڷǰȫʧˣȡ֮ģһ쳹أᴩ˲ôš
Ҳ֣ԼʧˣоԼĴڡ
ΧһƬڰڰ֮У㣬ЩܸоԼϢǽǷ
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ʲô֮ޣ
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һҪͻƵߵĲ棬ҪõǿЩЩ֪ȵȣͻγϰ֮ޡ
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Ψдţ̤ߵĲ棬ȫԽǰĲ档
ưɡ
૵Ѹٴݳȥɢںڰռ㣬Ȼ׷׾£ԼĹ㣬ܿͻһƺƵĹһǰƣЮŷ̤߲ľ⣬Ȼײǵ쳹׵ôϡ
~
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ţ
ڷó̫Ȫһ̣ոսȻɫ΢¶ɫ
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û뵽Ǳ˸ˡߵӷЦɫ䣬ȴûжٰա
һ򣬸ûбҲ͸ˡ
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Ӧòµʦ֣Ҳ϶̫ȪĻ裬⼸ûȡ֤һ㣬ڡ
벻ͨ
ȫûʹ̫ȪıҪ
ʦ˵ȻһƮ۵ϴǰ޹˵ļ¼ȴͶȡɣˮƽŽ̤۵̨֮ޣٻ٣ǧʱ䣬ھʹ̫Ȫȫһ˷ѡ
ĻȫһΣ⼸˳ͻƣΪʹڴ֮޵ıԵ̫ȪȻһٳɹĺԶ
˵Ʈ֮ΪӣãԪλʥѹȥֻϧһߵЦһƮ۵ȻûȥȴҲţϾļ¼̫ˡ
ЦЦÿɷ
ӦλãһѷѵĻεͻȻ
Ϊ˲õʦ̫Ȫ϶ֽźΣָֻһΣոշλãӦָһ
ħһȥķƺεۻ
ֶ壬ܹͻȻǲͻãҲʱ̹עħһĶ򣬴ʱȴϵ
֣ħһȥʲôѵҲǳŷȥģó̫ȪĻΪ˹ͶһɣȻҲп̫Ȫӳ
Ҳʮֲ⣬ħһĶΪʲôҲǳģһǳŷڵķҲ֪֮ûйǴɺϣҲ벻ϾȻле
ڻһ¡ε۵
˵Ҳǡӵ˵ͷ
ǵĿģΪȷ䣬˭ǲǳ֣޹ؽҪˣңڻҲ˸ϵ򣬱һλʥһλִʥǣԲܡ
ô죿ѯʵϾ޷֤ħһ᲻˳
Ǻǣ䣬һҲ޷ε΢Ц

򣬾Ȼۼ֮Ļ壬ħһ嶼Ϲˡ
֮У¶ɻ֮ɫ
Щ֮ϲСʦܾȻ򡭡
лӰĽᣬڽûãⱾͶӰɢ͵ĹâЩâͶӰϷ֣˵
Ȼ뷽ǳңԶҪ
ҲûԹۣƿ£ؽҲǻкԵǷڵļʹãͶӰڸԶĵطӦĴڡ
Ȼ̷ǳһ͵ģҲˣֻҲڲǰž߱һѰӵķ㡣
ֻҲжϣʮ֮ڣλãԼȥҡ
ͷ۰ΧƺǽħһĶҲȥˣЩСʦܵļһƺҲûСʦܣôô鷳أ
ͷȻ˵ͷۣϵ飬ȴʼձŵȻ
ͬʱһ㳲ҲǸϵԼڵأԼȥ¥պ󣬴ŭ¶ʱԼڵΪ㣬Χ
Ľ㣬ʱȴҲ˴ŵ£˳֮ޣ̤ոµĲ档



1564 ֮·
ı仯Ͷ򣬷һȫ񶼷˴֮ϡ
~
ǵ쳹ءᴩôţڷγɵĺƵ£Ӧ顣
֮ޣơ
谭߲ͨȫʧ
ǿҵĹâӿ˹÷һʱ޷ȵӦ֣ԼȻоԼĴڣԼ
ŷﶼԼٶȱԽԽС÷ӵиȫӽǡ
֮·
硣
һ㶼ţڡ֮ޡϣţ֮޺ı仯ڷģȻҲС
Ǵ֮շ㣬˱Ϊ֮·
ʵϣȻᵽʲôɽȥһı
ÿһ֮޵˵֮·ľ󣬴ӵͲԾǨ߲棬ڶʱڣܹվڼߵĸ߶ϣȫ֡
Ҳһϴ֮·ĹУ淨⣬Ҳﵽһ˼ĳ̶ȣӸ߲ĽǶȣȥͲķ⣬Ȼһţʱ̫̣ȫ˽һ淨㿪ʼڶԲڴ֮޺ԺҪ㣬Ҳࡣ
淨ǺεȼѣȻ֮·ĺôȴǽʡ̫ʱ䣬Ǵ谭˵ʵʵķԾ
ʱ޵ط󣬺̤˵㡣
ŷ֮ޣȻȻĽ
ƵֻڳΪʮطۣԼɾʥʱ̣Ż֡
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ֻء
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ʱ֣Ȼţ֮·Ĺûн
⵱ȻΪֻصĻ̫࣬÷°빦Ѳ˶ʱ䡣
֮
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淨ǷģʱҲӭж⣬ѱɽ淨ĹУû˵ס
һֳ֮һ񣬲쿴ܣִӼߴ߲温ľޱȣһݹ屦
ŷĽ߲棬ҲǽԳ˸Ϊʵĵط
ʱѾ˼ߴ
·壬ԼеˣͿˣϡԿССƬ岼㣬ɢԵĸȻЩӴޱȵƬڴʱķҲСޱȣԵľͷҲǿ
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еĸоˣӴͻֺ꣬˵ԵһӵĻôһ󺣣ȫһġ
š
һҲԽԽСģڷͬʯһ㣬ŷЩʯҲ𽥲
ǰģΨкڰ
ڷеЩźʱƬޱ޼ʵĺڰ֮УͻȻһâͬǳ˸ţǵڶ
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ע⵽ɢĹâȻֳɫĹΡ
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ĳɳʵ̫죬µҲ벻ʱ򣬳ɹ֮ޡ
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ٶԽԽ죬֮·Ȼûֹͣ
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ѵʵ
𺳲ѡ
֮·ѾϾҪع壬÷źǣӴӰݣȻʱ÷ȵ鷢ˡ
һϣԭֹ֮ͣ·Ȼȥ
÷ðǣȻ뿪磬˻֮Уš
һ
ûǣ֮λħ񣬶ԷֵĻԲ
еûе㶣ܿͷӦ˹ڵĴʽʵġ
ڵϣ˸оĲϽ֮·ֻͬе״̬ҲûдŻţȻλħ
ͬģʥҲûж֮·κηӦ
侲󣬷ٶȥ
ΧһƬУȻǰ磬ȴǰδе󣬶صӽܿȫò
磬ǻ硣
ΪӦ˫ռһߡڲ֪ԭΧȫǻ硣
粢ǽλڻ֮С
һ˵ʵ÷ͷ𺳲ѡ
ʱŷ֣ϵޱ޼ʵĻ磬֮ӵӴûоͷ
ڻ֮е磬ͬеĹµ
ȻǻôʴȴҲ絲棬޷
Ϊ
㣬ǳ쳹صӴӰʱ򣬷˹ܴ֮ڣڻ֮㣬Ϊ
ӴӰĹâҲѸȥڷǰģһ
ûӴӰ쳹أ޴ڣԶԶСĶ࣬ȴޱȵޱ޼ʵĺڰգֻĴڡ
֮ǰһ磬ٶȳʱҫ̹⣬ʱϵĹâǺƣһޣ૵ѵ˵֮
Ȼûش
Ŀƣ֮һ֦ͷһϴǱӲ۶ˡ
ԭˣԭˡ
˹
֪Լؾõһ֦ʲôҲ֪ˣؾλħ񣬽Ϊʲôǽ֦֮Ҳ˴𰸡
ħҵ֮ĲĻڷͷ



1565 ֮֮
֮·ڻеḶ́
ȫò󣬷ջĿ⣬ڵĲʵ̫ߣܿҲ̫١
Ŀ˻磬ҪʲôȻޱ޼ʵĻ磬ȴ谭˷ߣеĴڡ
ڵĸ߶ȣҲԿĵطϾҲڼ߲棬ſʵ֮ڻ磬ŸտʼˣԶ޷ʱȡ
ţ
ͻȻɫ΢оңԶĻеϤеϢԶнɡ
ǡ߲磿
һϾ׹ڻ֮УеϤеģ˸߲磬ûбĽˡ
ŬҪڻѰҸ߲λãȻûȷɹһǿϡ
оԼԾ˵ٶ׹š
ȵӦʱѾصԵڡ
ʱ뷽֮ޣҲûйȥã֮·ʵȴǳĶݡ
֮Ҳſϡ
⻹ڻеһ֮·Եʣ򣬷ѽ֮ĵڶҲԲ
һԣ֮·ĹУ֮޵淨⣬Ҳһ淨ڶԲܽ淨ԲŸԭɺϣǾܸƵġ
¡
عһ̣ͬײ㣬ֲޱȵȻ
֮ޣ֮·ȵع֮ʱȻȻĻ̤ʮط۵ĲΡ
Ȼ֮·޷һϽУǴӼ߲浽Ͳ棬Ǿ޴γӴޱȵ֮·ĹУӴĸ߲ѶϢȣ˻޲ȴҲڻعʱӿ뷽ڣ̥ǣ̤²Ρ
֮·ڣӴ߲棬Ҵջ
~
ڵƬ˲䱻ķ飬ֲͬ㳯˷ӿȥ̺ɨ˷Բ
ΧڵƬ·Ļ壬ȫ˷ɻңһ
۾ʱ֮·عĳ£Ҳ˾˵ı仯
Ӹ߲кµĹ糱ˮעڣӲĿٳһصĿռ䣬ɵһƬһ
֮·ĸ߲ѶϢҲҵ˹ް㣬һΪһֱ£·ɵսһγ˺Ĵأؿռ·
ȵγһĹģЩֱµĹѶϢҲǾͶ֮У
ģص룬ͻȻ˿һСС
СֵʱؿռҲȶϢ
ͬʱһָ߲ĹѶϢȴǳؿռϷɵսһȴת˻ɫЩۼһ̶Ⱥһ˿âȻƿţǵڶâ
һֻɫգƿâҫؿռ䡣
֮֮ڵı仯
СС磬ȻۣȴǺͷģ֮ͬһԴֻɫǴŴ֮ĻϢ
ı仯Ҳ޴Ӵ⣬Ҳ֪ʮطۣڴ֮ޣ֮·ôһ
֮Ĺâҫ£֮ƺûж÷ĲС
÷ϲǣؿռγɣֺ֣֮֮Եѹƺʧˡ
ˣҲ췭ظı仯

ǣ
ͻƵһֲ̣ͬʯ쾪޴ı仯Եע⡣
͸ϵԼڵΪģѰҷ
ھ뼫Զûб˴ı仯Ȼҵע⡣
ǿѵͷйأ
Ҽ˳ĵطȥ
ҲΪ̫ԶǸܵĲûжη֮ģ˵ѰҷѾǹͶһˣɹ
ͬģңǾۼڴ˵Ļ塣
ԭûҵΪ㣬ʼ˵̺ʽѲ飬ûҵϯģҲȣʱǲ壬һֻ壬糱ˮӿ
Ի춯ΪҵģԼˡ
ǶƬϣһҶΨֱĻԭջѲ鷽ʽǳᱻҵЩ嶼ˣӵӹһ١
˺ͻ壬ֳǰŽӺŵģϵ˷չصĵط



1566 һ
ԲڣһɨգΪΨһŵˣʹżԶ˿˵ϻɢǿϢ
Ƿ
ϥ֮еķȫ֣㳲ǳŷģڿˣβ
ȵȡ׼ǰ׽÷ʱҼͻȻֹ

˷׷ɻ
ǲãطʵڸɾĹ𣿡Ҽء
һ֮ܿ侲Ҳע⵽˲ĵطڻ֣ս˼ƻԲڿһȴҲǺ֮뵽֮ǰĿֲ˾衣
ǰˣҲ˳ߡ
Щԥʱ򣬻ˡ
~
~
һŭ𣬴ӻдˣûκԥųǳ˹
Ŀ꣬Ƿˣҵڶ࣬ǵĻҲԶġ

λħ񲢲֪ĳ࣬Щӵɱһֻ࣬ҪˣȻͻ֡
ȵĵطıԵҲǷֵĵطԵͱռ죬ûһ࣬ѰôöһҲֱڣŷ˷ˣϷŹ
ô壿
⾪˵һĻҲ˷׷ɫ䡣
ڻ嶼һϵԵԼڵػԶһ·û϶ٻ壬ڿ˶Ļ壬ʱʧɫ
ľǣЩ壬ǶСģвطʼĻ塣
ô
Һܿʶһ⣬ʹץ߷ôĻ׷ɱҲһ⡣
֪ħһ嶼߸ϣ»ŵֱжԶӶԶ
˶֪ʱĿķȻ۾
˷ɱĻһۣƽĿˡ
ң
һ䣬ȻȴǱߵĻŭѹȥÿһ˶
û˻ش𣬷ĿɨһϣȻԭ㡣
ģ⣬һֵưӣһ㳲Ҳˡ
ЩȻһֱ֣ΪʲôҵԼ֪ƵģϾǹ͵ˣԼ֮Ψһһγ֣ԸưӣڿԷǶЩˡ
˶һֵĸо
ɱǰˣȻһ飬ѯˣʲôʧķ裬֪ͷˣ
˺ͻ壬ǴģЩȻҲɱҪߣǻ򶨡
ȹܺԼɡҼɫѿһ䡣
ĥ͸̬ȣиһֲԤС
ǣǺǣ֮Ͱˡ΢Ц䣬ڽִ︡Žڽ赭дһӳ
һ⣬էȻɳ
ճֵʱ⻹ǳС־Ȼɳͬʱ˷Χգ޾ӵӿ档
ÿɳһ㣬ƺϣؼ޾
תۼ䣬Է˼ٶ׳ȷɵǰֻǰʱȻǳ쳹أҫ۵ĹâڱأһжȻʧɫ
ûκģ׵Ļ屻˽ȥ˲ͻ˷ɻңһ·׳һ·ǰȵһĹâɢʱųɾŵĻ御Ի˷ɻңֻмĻӹһ٣ȴҲǿ־źһͷҲصȥ
һɱЩĵ
һҲб
һء
ʩչģǽ޵һأԭǽ޲ӵеڷ֮ĵڶԲ˳ΣҲǴﵽʮط۵ĲΣԶǾطһܱȵġ
ʮʮطۡҼ˵Ŀ־塣
һԼĻ壬идľطʼô赭дʵܰ쵽ģΨʮطۣ
Ϊһ֮ʮطۣΪֻʮطۣӵ㹻ѹһһ֮֡
ңȻ׽һλʮطۡ
⣬Ц
˶һֻ׵ĸоϵ˵䣬ѾԤϵ鱨󣬵ȴû뵽Ȼƫ˳̶ȣʮطۣǺǺǡ
ֵˡ
Ŀ˹
˶ʱ䣬ʮطǰͷС
ͨ~
ʱ棬˹
ҪɱҡңҲǱƵģǳôġưӻ



1567 ҵ
ʲô
ôģ
ʱ̣ư˵Ļ˶¶ɫû뵽ԼѰҷΪȻڲݡ
ô£˵Ҽɫѿ֮
µͣûж֣Ҽϣ
ҲǱƵġͷưﻹĸ̸κҳϣԼȥ˵֮£ȴ⵽˾ܾȻڳָ£ҡ
ֶΣǵӡҼǺεưӵĻϾ˹ҲˣУʲôɫ
ȻҲһĽϾ͵㣬ٽĴ򣬶ٽĴȽǳİȫԲô֮ͣΪ֮
ٽĴлвԣʹõˣҲǳϦΪ֮ĶˣԶûˡ
ĶĲֻңгܻһøӰȫĴʹһܾ֮ġ
Ҫõͱѷȥ򣬹һϢĻ޴֤Ǳ׽÷Ȼ̸ϵõУҪֵĻʱԡ
ҼһƬ
һ㣬ǿһ֮ĳԶԶ޷ȵġ
ôƴϧһеѰҷĪĴۣȴΪ˼ѣֱǿЦ޴˼㡣
ҼֻǱͷԣʱ侲ҲǷеɵ㡣
ԳΪʲôҪˣԼѰ
ԭֻһǲҵ
ǱģΪʲôǾ벻һ򣬶һٽĴǵУܱΪĿķǵģҼЦ
˹ȴ̫ˡ
~
һ£ưӻ˷ɻңҼ¡
ˣҲǱõģҲûʲôʧһģԸ⸶κδۡҼСĿ˷һ߼Լ
Ц
˵ʲôϻֱһ쳹صĽһγ֣ľ˽ȥתۼ仯˷ɻҡ
޹
ӽϿȷʵǴʧܣûʲôʧ
ûʮط۵ʵǻ𣿴Ƿ񶨵ġ
ҪԼˣ֡
ңûͣѸ뿪ԭء
һĻ壬еһ֣кܶڸ·ϣϵĻԲһ¡
ܸӦԲڵĻ壬ȻҲ֪ΧڵĻжǿ
ţ
ʲô壿
ͻȻ͵سһ֪ΧıԵȻһǿ׵Ϣвķ
ʮطۣ
ʮطۼĻ嶼ˣⲻò÷ľ࣬ʮطһ𣬿Ǽٵġ
ȵȡ
һֻֻֻ
ɫԽԽΪ֪Χʮطۼ壬ȻԼٶš
ңЩֲĻϢǳơ
ͬһĻ壬ѵǣħһ壿ɫ䡣
ʮطۼ𣬲ųƵǶ壬ȺǷǳģܳһ֧ȺڳԵ֪Ķ壬Ҳֻħһˡ
÷ľǣЩħһĻ壬ٶȼ죬ȼԦ촩۵ҪһһǺͣ٣ķ
ڷı˼η򣬶ԷҲ֮ı󣬷ڿ϶ȷԼλá
ѵ~
ϸĲ쿴ͻǰһڣϸϸĲ쿴ڷ쳣
һֵֻĺɫħͽͣεĹڷϣ
û뵽Ǳһλħ˺ۼ̾
ʱ乻ˣ˵Ҳ죬û뵽ǳһ㣬ħ޷
Ҳע⵽ֻĺɫħ޷һֱţڻɢţò˶ãͻ᳹׵ʧ
˵̫죬ʹǻħҲֻһ˵ոջ֮ޣ֮·ڸ߲ѶϢϴ񣬶ֻɫħǼĳܴڵʱ
ħٶȣܸʧǰ׷ҡ૵
ɫħɢٶȣͺħһ׷ϣó˲ֹ۵Ľۡ
ħһ׷ϣ֪
ŸճΪʮطۣԶ߱Կħһʸ
ҵˣСʦܡ
ڷһĪչ֮ʱһżЦİڷԺȻ



1568 
˭
΢ݣֱԺʲô
УСʦܣ
ֱӳƺΪСʦܵģֻȼˡ
ǺǡǸо˷ľ裬İЦȻδ棬Ӧ˵ҵ֣ҽ塣
壿һ
֣ȻİǵĵλӣҲǷʦ֡
Է˵µʱ̫ˣֻʱ䣬ЩλʦֶǺѶʹ÷ֻ֪ǵ֣ȴûмˡ
ʦ֣ǵԮˣתϲãҲž衣
˵ҪѰҷҪ˶ףⶼȥüˣҵ˷Ҳ˵Ĺȥ
Ҳò
ͬѰģ˵⣬һˣңţԷѾ
ҵжгڱٿأ˵ӦҲȷԼ
ȥ֪Ȼ࣬ǴҼĻҲܲһȻĳԸŶԸԼôڷԼõİ취ǻѰԼ˹ˡ
һλһ֮ķȻǲġ
һϵԼģǻеһԼĶԻϵȷԼķλ
ҵˣϹ
ԥ䣬ԳͻȻ漴ȥȻ߼ٸ
ʱ侲ȴŶԷǰ
ûãĿȻ΢ԶֻһӰÿһ̤͵˰֮⣬ٶȾ˵˼㣬Զ촩ķٶȣԼħһٶȡ
תۼ䣬Ӱ͵˷ǰһӡ
壿ŶԷ˵ģͷ֪嵹ʮ
Сʦܣ־ǶԵģ׷ɱУһóξļһξһԷľ裬ûм֣ڶԷξϡŹ֣ΥĶ㶼е쳣֮⣬Ҳܴʽܵˣʦ֣˵ڿңֻĻþأҲһЩڣǶԷ޷ġ
ʦ𣬱ֱ˵ͶӰ
һǰȻǶһӰĽᣬĿ֮ڽϣϤϢ÷׹
ڼʱ򣬸ܵϢһģһģҷҳĸоʵ˵ʲôξ޷ģʹУһ쳣ѹ
ͺñȣյĻš
ʥִĻ磬ûκѳĿܣڻŵĹâҫ£˹
ʦ֡ȷ屾˺󣬷˿
ʵϣ嵽ʱ򣬷ͻȷˣԷûе⣬ֱӶ־ˣȫûҪŪ飬׷ֽš
ҲǿŷԽеľԽ
㣬Ѿ֮ˣͻȻɫһ䣬ŷĿУ˲˼顣
˵ͷ
Ҳҿ̫ȪһͻƳɹ
ʵһһͱƣʵȴûôףͥ˱һ꣬˵һ׾ܿԽȥģҲǽ̫ȪŻ˵˳
Ц
ǵһμ֮ǰϵʱȴ˵һߣ֪ģŸմ֮ûꡣ
ʱ䣬ʹ֮ޣΪʮطۣζš
Ǹǲܵ顣
ǣ޿ʵȴǰ޷š
治ʥգҲֻܹᵽһϣȻԼҲȫΪ
ͬΪʥͥ͡ˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô𾪣ⷽ棬Ҳý͡
Եð̤˻磬Ҫ֮ޣҪ֮á
ˣʦ֣һȺǿĻ׷ңƺħһ塣Ȼ
ⵢĹħһٶȴûб仺뷽ҲԽԽ
ħһ壬ȷʵǽǳСʦģ˵һ䣬ȴ⣬Ҳûд̽ܵ˼õģħһĶǿߣҲе֣ʱģһЩͨһˡ
䣬ȴûнЩħһ
Ϊʥ֮µһΣʮطۣӸ̤ʮط۵ĲΣٽʥ޵зۣ˴˼Ĳ࣬ҪǰĴĸ֮ͬ
ħһĳ壬ʮطۡ
ʮطµ˵Ȼǿ־岻ѣȴ㲻ʲô
ճħǸո̤ʮطۣͣڷ۳ڵĲΡ
ʵֿۣĻὫǷ



1569 ȥ
ħһΪĻ壬ճǷ۳ڡ
ǣ۳ڽǵ㣬ͬħʵҲͬȫǷ۳ڡ
ħһЩǿߣȷʵݺ޵УǽЩħȴûôǿ
Ҫ֪ħһֵĵһǺڹ򣬾֮Զ
ɨ˺ڹ֮ħһͷɢŲͬķɱȥ
ʱǸ֪ҪҵĿʵǿᣬȻۼһ𣬶ĴѰ
ɱģħһһ֧ˣҲȵȴħһȫˣħҪҪʱ䡣
Щ۳ڡڵͨħΨһ΢鷳ģҲһۺڵħ㲻ʲô鷳岻˵
ֻܿЦ
Ҳô˵Էԣǲսʤĵˡ
λʦ֣ȫ͸ǳ
ֻǴĻƲʵӦòڷۺڣǿ
ǿԮҲǷ
ʦ֣ʲô㣿ڣħһвҲˡ
Ǻǣʦֵԭҵ̴֮صؽ硣ЦŷСʦܣԸôȥ
䵽ԵȻø̵ȥ
ЦЦûлش𣬵ɫȴ
̣Ȼܡ
ӽϿ˵ģڶ̶ͳɹ֮ޣǰδе漣ⲻζţмԷ
һߣ˴ͣòڱԵشðս磬λħˣһУҲǶԷĹ͡
ǱλħϣûˣȫԵð˴ա
ЩɶûҪ˵ûбŭҲǲܵġ
ô
¶֮ɫĻشȻܷθڣһ֣ҲҲ
ǵǣ¹˭
ҲھڳڣȻǲǾԼȥ
Ȼ󣬿򡣡
Լ࣬Ϊǵˣôױ۸ģȥ뷨ֻ֮ǰҪҷʱˡ
áѪҺҲո̤ʮط۵ĲΣҲϣһĴս
˵εɳˣһһϣĿ⣬ĴߣѰҷЩˣ򻹺ԶߵĴս;ǣ˿ԷֶΪ
߰ɡ
˵ǵķȥ
ÿһʱ䣬嶼ŷ˲Խǧ֮Զħһľ룬ǿɲ룬֮ǰħһһ
ʣµģ촩·
ʦ֣е֣ԵŪôĶͲ±¶Լ;УʳԼɻ¡
˵ˣǱʥҲδܲס
˴ģίʵ˲⡣
֣а취ñ޷̵ӡ󡣡嵭Ȼû棬а취
ںԶĵطǼΣΪݾߣûж֡
ͷ֪ڰѰҷ鷳ˣ·ǳء
ˣһİСһӦǸմ֮ûãһԵķһóξĻεۣҲǿһˡ
ǻε۵ӰΣǽӴˣΣνι޺ۣº˵ӡô벻ĿǰǵĴ֮УûӰ죬޼ɵ±¶
湦취ԺˣʱľˣҲƾˣˡ
͵
Ȼȷʵǹ֮ʤ
Ȼ֪ˣǿʮط˭ĻʥӦҲ˰ɡ
Ʈ֮һλӹɵġ
һλʥȴö֪
˵ͷɵģҲֻλˣʦȷ˭
λʥ˭˶û̸ʹǷҲ˲˿ͷ
׼ְɣǵˡֹһᣬ˵
˵ٶȿ쵽˼㣬ʱʱĿԽǧǿĺˣɲϸ˵ʱȫܽٶȷӵ¡
ˣǴʱ䣬ǾʹıԵλڸصǡ
ĿȥڵӴƬĿ
áֻ˵һ֡
ڽ֣һն
~
ҫ۵Ľɳһǰţһ߷׳תۼ䣬âҫգޱȵĽ˺أҪﻯΪ촷ۣңңնǡ
һء



1570 һƽ
һ֣һأںصʹһ˼㡣
տʼʱôۣȻȷɽڵƬʱҫ۵ĹâȴǳأҪն롣
ط֡
ΪһģȻǷ֮أڻ֣ȫĵطԽԽ٣ʮط۵ɳĵطͷҲҪñӡ
һ̣Ϊٵ˺Ȼ̧ͷ˺նľһ
ʲô
ʲô
Ŀ־壬͵ӿĸӦһ£ﲻ档
~
ŽٽӴƬҲ΢΢ܵ˲С𵴣У˾ѹңԶգǳ貽⡣
âҫۣģȴı
ӦǰδеΣǵķϵˣ꾭ӪĽȻֻһλʮطô򵥡
һյĹâȻ𣬻Ϊһ޴Բ򣬽Ƭڡ
⵽ڣԶоŵ޴ιĻ㸡֣γ˷
һȻλƬ֮⣬ڣ֮ιĻǶ㣬ռһϵķ
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촩ϣִŽڽͻȻһΣ漴ͻָƽ
żԶľ룬λʮطңңһ֣Ҳ÷˶ԷĲΣ۳ڡ
һԼĳΪƽأҲǳһڶ
ܸоλŭ𣬲ȴ⣬ҲˣһλЩϤʮط۵Ĵڣ÷¶˼˷֮ɫ
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
һľĹͤڣ˷ֱ
ƽʱģʱȴͤʸûУҡ
Ϊ˵ĹϡߣҲǽ̬ŵĺܵͣκεĵ
λʮطۡվںԣңңŹͤڵˣҴһڣһӼôʮطۣһѣĸо
Ȼ֣Ϊʲôλʮطۣȥҷȴ˳ȴʡ
ңĸҲҡ
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ţ
ͻȻһֱ˯˯Ļε۾һĿ⳯ԶȥûãλʮطҲӦ
УȲģȻˡ
ÿµĽ⡣ϡɫ䡣
һءҲЩ仯
λˣܳһҺѵϡ߲ҵվһ
һȻޣֹȥǷһңңնԽңԶľ룬ȴǿ˼£ʹǵķϵԼ֣ҲѰȻĵֵǻܼನ۲Сⲻǹϡϣģˣ
İɣ̶ȵһءӵЦһƵᡣ
Ҹ棬˭նһε΢Ц
̸䣬ȴǸûнնһʵҲˣǵʵҪһȫ׾١
ǿҲͣڷ۳ڵĲΣֵһᡣ
λʮط۵ĳŵϡҲǷǵǿ󣬹ϡûлɣϾһƻɱʮط۵Ŀ´ڣһϡҲǸоְˣλСһ׮
ǣϡĿţصһնƬϣ˺һιĻ
룬λǲҪȵһ̳֣ԼǿҪ˵ĻҲƻ˵ˡ
ȻȰȣһֱȵǵķϵ˺ȵ⳯ųҲڵĵطնȵ޷ٵȥʱ
λȻûг֡



1571 һ
̧ͷ¶ɫ
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ǿ׵ӹϡһȭʱ޾ɫ긡֣һɫȻײ׹µĿֲ⡣
˵˲䱬
ԳΪģΧһоԱ˽ȥ˲仯촷ۡ
ڵĹͤţΧӿſֲĹĩգȻЩֲôϯȴҲ޷ͤڡ
Ȼͤ⣬һжʧˡ
ټĳʧܿһ˵ľ޴ӣֻһͤ棬ڸһƬǽ塣
쵰
ϡߵţŭ˼㣬ǻһ˿ǣͳ˳ˡ
ΧĲ״ϡҡ
ĿţΪҽҲĿţӰĶӣҲǵĳģԱߵĺһ𻯳˷ɻңȣ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ǿѹмҪŭ𣬹ϡ˻εۺӣҪһ͡
˵ôʧ˴ġ
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ǵʵʲôʱֶû⣬ʹڽ˺ǵķϵնʱҲɽ֮⣬Ҳʱ̣ϡζû뵽ʱǻȻʹҲסѡˣִ³֣ܱס
ǷһеģȴҪռһ롣
ϡһʣεۺӣȴûκηӦ
ʱҲо˲Ծ
Ҳûѡ֣һ֪֮ҲΪεۺӻ֣ڽնʱҲɻȴҲûж룬Ϊ˿ϡ߲˳ۣϷˣ˶ԷһΡ
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ѵ˵һҵ˷ﲼ壿
һ˲䣬Ժͷ
Сġ
ج䣬һͺԴȻȥʱվ֮У֮йâһģɢֲ׵ţЩγһӵͼҲңң
~
޷ѹͬݣΪ֮ͣĿʱȴоһɴϣֻתȵعʱԼ֮Уϡ߾Զ
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Ǿһ£ӴƬǣȻǻ촷ۣһֱ֮ǿֲ˼㡣
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һԣϡͣʹࡣ
ǣֺγҵء
֪˫ǼȡҪнȥ׼̴ĺܺãΪСķղȡ棬ܽԤϡ
˵Űݷõʱ򣬱ע޷
~
һ֣תۼ׳նˡ
͹ϡһ漴ͷӦһ֣顣
˭
ϡŭ⣬֮ԴҲ޵˹
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㡣
㡣
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ͬһ仰˵ζȴͬ𾪵˼㣬ӽĳ֣ĳ֣óһ˼ĽۣҲⲻԸϵĽۡ
Ȼ֮ޣΪʮطۡ
ôܡ
ܣһΡ
ҡͷĵһӦǣԼڲ֪˻ε۵Уξ֮С



1572 һж
ε۵ʵԶĵĻξ޷԰ΣضûУͳԹٿεʱȫעȻֻҪεԸ⣬Ϣо׹ξ
һΣҲһ
ǰֵ̫ϣһңңն˳Ȼ֣סλʮطۣ޷ܵǣˣԳΪʮط۵̬
ǺߣΪ˼
ڷյϢ٣֪Ʈ۵ʱ򣬲Ÿմ֮ޣȻƮ۵żĽǾЩˣңɼľ룬ʹ̫ȪҲ޷˴Ĳࡣ
˵ˣٷһٱпܡ
ˣ̶϶Լξ֮УĶٵġ
뷨ûгãͱԼƷˣԭܼ򵥣ξĻҲ̫ˡ
εȻϷŪξǳʱ䶼̣ܶΪξʱһͻɼӰ죬˶ξʵֱѣصĻþǳ£޷ӰĻؽӰδĳɾͣһЩҪͷΣ
Ͼ˫ʵǳĴ
εǲҵƮ֮ģϷŪ̵Ӱǲġ
ġ
Ƿ
Ĵ֮ޡ
ŵɫԽԽŨòʵ޷ʵ
Ҳ׹
֮ǰȡ̫ȪΪģΪԼͻơ
һ̣鸴ӵ˼㣬жʼɣгӣҲĽ
һԵĹϡߣû鸴ӡ
Ҳʶ
ε۵˵͸ŷòȻǵһμ棬ϡҲһ۾ϳǷ
û뵽һնƽģȻǷ
Ȼ˵ǿ
ϡ𾪹𾪣ֲ˽ⷽҲǾһ£ģǷŭͳޡ
շģɡ
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ӦóƺΪ۰ɡ
ĹңڽӶţ糱ˮӿâէȻ֣һɴ̶ɫʵķ飬Եʮֵɡ
ÿһɳ˲ںصǿޱȣȻȲϣƽһʤڶࡣ
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һء
ȡؼͬҲϣ֮ΪеˣҲΪصĵˣܵź
ҲǽǿĸԴ֮һʱϡ߾͸еš
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Ľ֣÷ڿ
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淨ֻ֮أȻǲ磬ǳƮ֣֮֮Ҳȥ
Ҫǣ޵淨ڴ֮ޣ֮·ʱ淨ȻҲõ˼̤˵㣬ֻȴǷ޷ţ˲ϣ
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֡
Ȼ淨θֻأʹܲȷĲڽ˽ƥһ£ȴμ穡
~
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ֻأϾڶԲ˶ʮطۣǿ֮Էڵ޷־õġ
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һж
ǸոճΪʮطۣս˵ȥ㹻԰ˡ
㻹ڵʲô˻˿ڴɫǲ԰ֽһɵ˺С
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ϡһͣ¶֮ɫ
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ץסǿв壬ɱҲ𶯣Ӷε۵սа
Ҫó汾°ɡ

Լû취ˣͷһǸճΪʮطۣȣûκ壬óսֵͬһλͬսһĽޡ
ûκӮĿܣУϡȴԡ
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ȷʵǷŭҲǳĳ޷壬ܳΪһ֮Ļ򵥵ıŭͷԡ
ֺ󣬹ϡ߾Ͱٷְٵȷϣһ˫
ԥţ岻
Ӯǻεۣ߳к³Ӯ壬ҲжԼֵɣ˳Ҳпܡ
ڱһƣȴùϡû·

ϡɫ䣬ȶ俴˷ȻˣͱҲˡ
Ի
ʵϣҲΪʲôԼ͹ϡ߻ᱻǱΪûнӵε۵ĴѶҲǲö֪ȴԴвϡߡ
ϡ֮УǲϸֵɫٹǳŹϡ߷˻ڻ
ǿ׵ӹϡһӴӰ֣ýתʵ
ɫ΢䡣
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ͬʱڣط΢΢ɢŹâеһʯƬϣµĵֳǷɿһγصͼ
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ζţӵʸ֪ٵĴսûһͣЪϵŵĵҪɵһơ
ط󣬲⣬дʯڣҲһֱάš
ʹںʱ򣬷ģȥ򣬼ʹںսʱ򣬷ҲûͣŴƣһ˵򵥵ģ֮·Ӱ죬ЧãȻʱ̫ݣһȻǲ˺ԶϡߵĹȴǿγˡ
ͻȻ
ǸӦ˷ļȣؿռڣ֮֮Ȼҫ۵Ĺâţ㣬ƵٶȻǧٱٶ



1573 һն
ؿռڣ֮֮ųҫ۵Ĺâ䣬ԿĪĹػƵڹâиֳת
Ƶٶȣǧٱٶ̼䣬ʣĵƾһһֳһǰδеƣһ˸ޱȵĵ㣬γһ㻷ƵƽṹƵģһŹâתţʲôš
ڲоʱ򣬷ҵγ֮ڵĴʯƬ
~
һ̣ʯƬϣ̳һѺۣۿɼٶš
ʯƬ޷صơ׹
ȻڴʯƬ֮ǰʱȴǳסˣƵĳɹӡ̣̳Ϊطģڵƴ߶£طܣϿʼֱ
~
ֲ׵ӷϱ
ִŽڽڽطĺģطȫת£̺ſֲµĽӽڽɢٻΧһС
ˣһޡ
ǿҵĹԣӽڽ𣬷޼᲻ݵԡ
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ڵķǿʱ̡

ͺԴһæȥֻϡ߱һֻӴɫֳܷţ쳣ɢֲ׵
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á
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~
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ͬǸճʮطۣ򲻹ԷҲˣһжǿ˾ƻҲѣʵʧ
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һնҲǳ״ġ
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顣
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ˣ
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򷨲άֵģһ˲䣬ȴ㹻ˡ
ײȸǰĲ̱Ѹӵ岿֡
һͣԭʱֵĻذܾ֣ڴܣڷ֮£ֳһ˲ĽϷֳʤ
~
ȸȻ飬ֲ糱ˮϯΧһС
ȸĽȻǰڣֲĹҫķˡ
ϡŭֲĹȴǺ޷أ˲䱻ٻ˷ɻңһߵȴǳ⡣
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ʱ˿ңظ衣
ĹϯλˣϯｻŮϹ䣬ڹ룬Ů裬ۼ˻ǲɾ֮С
߸λϣ´ľżŭȳ

͵ˡ
Χϯλϣ˷׷׿ڣվҪϯһȥƺΪϤΪ׽֮ˣŮ٣ȴô벻˭
ˣˡˡһЦңϾУͶУһŵϯλȥ
ȴվԭأһۿΧˡ
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ֻص˱֮С
ףأȥˣãЩŪ״
Ŀ䣬糱ˮӿ˽ȥ˲仯˷ɻҡ



1574 ƺ
ڽˡ
նɱˣһ
һս쳣ľա
ǿʯԳصƣսʱٳһЩʯĻΣˣ˵նɱˣȫ˾Ͳˡ
ţ
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Ϊʮطۣһ棬Ȼ
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áһʱͻȻһ⣬翵ɢһɶҫ֮УӰͶӰֳ
֮ǰ彫ͶӰ˷ʱ⣬ʱȴǻȻ
ãʦְⱾͶӰҡ״ǹ翵Լϣᷢʲô
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׷ɱ棬һȴҲһΪһλʥ״ӡ
ʥ״ӣô׶Ըġ
ǻε۵Ҫɱûô򵥡š
ԻĿֲҫʱֳͬξĳȻǵһμʶȴҲ˳ǱȻǻεϵ
Ȿġ
Ǵ˿ֵ̣ҵĹû÷УȴҵУѵʹƮ֮ıĻ˵Σա

ЦȻ𣬸߲ɲңԶϣתձ˺ѿ̤һΣͿԽңԶľ룬촩ϡ
ոճΪʮطۣնɱλͬǿߡĿһɨΧϾ˽ŷ˴ĴָСʦܣ
һЦҲЩԺ
ǷƾʵնɱλʮطۣڻնɱλʮطۣȫǽĻ⻷ǵʵ䵽طʣսǲΪȻġ
ص֣ȷѡ񿩡Ц
ϡߺųԸģȫԸĻεֻܱסеһ֮Ĺϵᱣ˭Ҳǲʿ֪
ʦ֣Ҳˡ
ˣεǸܿµĶ֡˵ͷҲûͶԷһͰһˣлεǣƣҲɱһֱǽţͻȻ֮䣬ε۷ģץס˻ᣬӦ߷ʲô飬Ӱ쵽
ҲͻȻģҵĹ£˻εϵ͵
һԱȣܿƶϳȥ
ҲѲ¡
ʣεۺ˼вѹúȵӲòʹøΪ˱ҲˣͱȫޣһɢϾ뵽ץס˻ᣬ˻εϵ
ǱߵĻεϾͲ⣬ε۵ȻģһģξҲһЩ©ץסı˾ơ
ε۵սעʲô춯صײȻȴӵĹĪ⣬֮䡣
һ˲Էֳ
ʦˣ˵Ļô֪Ҳип
ε۵ϼʶˡ
ƽĶۣξֻƵĵطǱʵĲͬҲ޷ƣʱĳһЩܿͻξ
֮άֵʱộΪͻε۵սֳ
ǿ󣬴ӴսҲǿɼһߡ
˵ɣ֪ûôףεĻ׵ңΣգδû׼һ˲䣬¶ԺСһ˸ץסĻᡣ
岻ץסĻᣬ˳նɱ˶Է
һ㣬޲˵ʵҪڻε֮ϣҲˣŻһλʮطѹԽԽ󣬲ջϵʧݡ
ʦֵһҪ˰ֵܣһλʮطۣǻǾ뿪Ϊá
˵ͷ
λʮط䣬Ǻεȴ£˵滹лεĴ
ǵѾ˲˵뷽跨ģ̽Ե£Ӧǿ϶
ԵʥһǳеĵطʥĻϻħľ裬ᱻΪһսźţӰ켫߶
ǣǿǰߵ
εۡ䣬ܻ
ʦ֣ʲô취侲֪ȴôˣ˵ȫ̿ǡ



1575 ˮ
ȷʵа취
Цŵ˵ͷ϶˷Ĳ²⡣
ʥ޷ԵҪŪ߷£ҪôǰҪôǿա
Ҫʱܳʹ֪ĿĵڣǱ߹Ҫʱ䣬ŵڣԷֳ˶µĺۼҲ淢Уױ֡͵
ͷ
νۣǿ߷սǿޱȣΧضһ̶ȵӰ͸ı䣬ôƣֱ仯ҲڣҶʱڲˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊһγ֣ڤ۸˺ۼƵּΣֱӾܽλá
εۺµĺۼֻӵ
һ־ǿգԻε۵ĵλ»мǿʩչطߵ
ԵйǵĻħʥսɵӰ죬˶ԷʵǿҪҲһʱӳ٣ҿĳԶ޷Եȡ

˵Ļʮͬ
λħ񶼲֪ڻδȻһ磬ϾͲĿͶ˹
ʱ򣬷뿪ǰҲɵ֣ڱ٣ⱻжԵʥλá
޷ʥһ㣬Ŀ鼰磬Ҳطۿߵε֮öԷλ
ȥ
ҵа취αô鷳Цָָħһ𣿡
ԭˡ۾뷨ò˵һлˮȷʵǳá
˻Ѱ쵽ȴЩħǳʲôģԼһģǲһеӿ
һЩħǿԶΧӰ죬պˣֻҵħµۼյҲֻܿħһŰݺᡣ
ĺá˼άתǵܽε۵֮޻ħһͷϣݻ׷ɱ֡
֪ģһֻ壬λħƿصĶ壬ֻħһ壬֮ûֻ֣ΪǳңԶ߻ڻ֮аˣڻħ£Ȼᳯ
Ҫصؽ磬ȾҪ뿪Ե˵һ뿪򣬾ͻϸǿĻ׷ɱ
Ϊҵ˻Űɡ૵Ŀļϡ
󣬷Լ
ֻħµģɫħʱѾ˼㣬ò˶þͻ᳹ʧӶħһ޷׷ٵ
ʦ֣ǵħһɡһ
Ҫһε۵˵鷳֮ǰǼ٣ħһԶԶ˺棬Ҳ뿪˷ĸӦΧģɫħδʧ׼ȷҵԼ
һСʱ
ˡ
ħǿϢ˷ĸӦΧǱֱߣڵĵط
û÷ȴãħӴͳңԶʣУǿ޼ɵй
һֻֻֻʮһֻͬɽħ֣Ϊ׵ħǱκһֻħҪӴ󣬸ȫĺɫۼױ֮Ŀⴥľ
Цһһ˳ȥһĸֲħսһ
ϣûвս
սܲģħǵϢԺɱȻܻסֵ̫ǿĻǵļƻ
ʧˡ쿴ħжʧʱ䣬ţ巢ȥϢ
ħһŭ˼㡣
ҲܸӦϵħʧϧһеҪ壬ȻӲһ֮סǵȥ·
Ȼƺڵ˼ޣ彥¶ƣ̬סħҲһֻͻķߣֻħŭһתҪл壬ȴΪ׵ħֹˣŹֻħٴα嵲ס޷
ֻħӦ΢˼ѶϢҵæŷڵطȥ
~
ĿĵغħŭУһڱǿϢ͵˳˷ڵϡ
~
۶ʱķ飬ҲΪ˻ҽһ㣬ħ⣬Ե̫ˣܵסǵһϢĲ⡣
ģ͸ǿŶԣֻħ˿е֣ΪӦ
۱飬ɢϢĹâԭظֳ
~⼸ƮĹâֻħһ̽Ͼ;ϲĴ
Զ峤̾һ֪²ΪҪ롣
ħһĻ׷Źֳһּ׷ɱǰǺľħһ׷ɱûл֣ú׷ɱħһеʹޱȣйԼŭ
Ȼǵ׷ɱҲûܳɹϻиҪ飬ֻܷߡ



1576 뿪
֮Уһɽ͵ľҺب
ľңԵܿǱǿŻԵرտ
촩۾ͣھұ
ͻȻһӰ׵ĳ촩ϣ·Ǵ߳ûκεĶ
ͻȻֵˣȻǷ
ֻħϢٵʱתֻأʵõ״ֻ̬ŹħʵǿҲͷ۳ڵĲΣע䡱µĶûע⵽Ϣ뿪
ħңԶǷֲ˷ߵ
ʱ俨ʮ־׼ֻħϢ֮ʱϵħպʧȻ͸һָоħĹ䡭
ֶͨΣɹ
Ƭ̺󣬰һЦ촩֮ϡ
ӦÿˡЦݣյˣٿҲҪӳٵڣܿߵӦܿһȺħŰĳҿάֵʱ䲻Ƿֲ˸ġ
ڻǰҲõģղЩħ׷ɱҵʱйµĺۼȫڸˡ
ħ׷ɱȻΪ֮ħսתƣһζӴܣȻûʲôۼħһȫһˡ
˵ڷ壬ǰɣԷʹҪ׷飬Ҳֻܲ鵽ħϡ
ĽʮַϷ⡣
Ǿ˻εۺˣûǸҪϾȻΪʮطۣȴҲǿʼɲ룬׿ԼĵϸЩˡ
֪Ϊʮط۵ģֻһˣ˶ˡ
ǺҪһ㣬ԷδļƻǾء
ǲẦʲôˮҲǳڶԷı
߽ˣǻߡ૵ħһȷϣõˡšҪ
ƾµĶ
ȻµģƮ֮ηǳĸߣʹħҲѿ͸ǲǻеħһҪֱ棬ǲѵġ
Դˣ壬Ҳ׼
Ǿǻεµһ顣
ξ֮˳֮ʹξ֮У޷԰ΣӰˡ
ߵʱλʥ£УǸ˷ĴڣЩ뷽һμƮ۵ľطʣȫˣȵ˵ؽ͵ѹ
ûлε۲ݣ鷢ӲҲҪ׿ƣֻҪһЩӰͿˡ
һʼʱ򣬾˻飬ʹܴͬʱһ֮ħһ嵲棬Ҳĸ꣬£ױӰ죬һ飬ܶħһʩӰ죬ǵ˼άȻȻĳŻеߡ
˳ˮۣħһеóһۣ°빦
͸֮ټϻӰ죬ǻϾͻ϶ѰҵĶֻ̫ߣ򱻿ɶʩ˷ӡſĿ
ȴãڣĸӦħһ뿪ˣҿ뿪ķͨ硣
мˡ
һ
ҲǴӻ׷ɱУʱˣԺֻҪ磬Ͳʲôգ˻ħ죬û㹻ʵ϶ǲġ
Щ壬Ҳ֪ĶɱˣħһʼҲûĿ
Ʈ֮ûᣬ˼ʹ״ӣҲˣҲΪˣǸһЩöǣҲħһ塣һ˵
˵ͷ
εҲһûı˾ǳ䡣
Ʈ֮Ķ̰ģ鷳ǽˣ͵ǽһɽƮ֮ЩɵģɲλʥԳ֡
ҲҿЩħһɲһĶɲϵ
ʦ֣ЩħᱻõģǾ뿪ɡ˵
ħһ᲻򣬷ֻҪλħĿһ۾ܿˣʱҲ˷ѡ
ͷҲû飬ŷ֮ȥ
Ӧ֮ڵĻ壬÷˿ǣһ·ϣû̫ǿĻ壬ЩĻ壬Ҳطɣ˵ǵļƲȷʵЧ
򣬾ͱİȫ
ûȥϣѡһ·ܹĿ壬ϻ硣
;УҲûǱԵԼңºԼҴȫĵطҲ˽Լ֮¡
ϣصħһϵ˻ħϾжϳⲻǻǷŭĻתʱȴҲҲˣһͽ͵Ŭգ建˳ԵⳡɷĴ֣Ҳڷ뿪󣬽Ļ



1577 
޾ա
ռͻȻˮưζţһڵ۴˳
ڻˡ
վ촩ϣϤĳɸпԵˣŻɫգڿ޾նеʮС
Եֻж̶̵ʱ䣬ȴһ㶼١
ǺǡЦЦСʦܣѾ֪ͨʦ𣬺ܿ죬ֱӻصؽ磬Ͳͬˡ
صؽ磬ԴӸ߲תҲɵǱֱӿͨȻľ޴һ¿϶ǲõģҲΪ˰ȫ
˵ͷʦˡ
֪岻һصؽ硣
屾Եɣ߷ͻȥߵĵ·뷽ȶΪͬʽҲǴ죬һ㣬ֻҪΪǿʮطۣ֮ż̶߳ȵںϣȴûжѹй¶Ϳɼһߡ
˵ȴƬ̣һȻֻһ·֮ǰܹӦǵϢ
һ·ҲǻתԵ
ڹ·첽Уߵͷʱһڡ
ʦ𡣡ŵĵһֱӴ͵˵ڵĹ档
ͺá
ŷҲЩ꣬һ۾ܿɹ֮ޣΪʮطۣȻһ漣
һ漣ģǷİΣ
ԣɲҪôΪʮطۣϾʥδɾͿڣȫûбҪȥðգ漣ͻơ
˵˵Ե°ɡҡҡͷ׼ΪʮطۺȥԵҲ˽Ĺϵû뵽ǰȥ
˳Ĵ֮ޣ仰û˵
˵Եһ֮޵ĺõطǸ⡣
ǡҲûԼԵľ˵һ顣
ἰʱԥ£ǽ˵˳Σİ޿ޣ涼ǾľûбҪȥңҲŵԣȻֻͬлħп֮ܽƿء
ȥҲûκô
¶˵ķâ·Ŵš
Ŀڷؿڣʱ÷һжĸоţջĿ⡣
ûиӦŵĴڡ
תһ£ơ
˵ͷתţʱһâؿڸﶼֹͣתĿֲҲ֮֡
ؿ͸ĻâԽԽǿŷתŷ·Ҫѹһ㣬תۼ䣬ͳ˷ĳܼޣܸоڱ
á󺧣תȥ᳹ױʱҪֹͣˡ
ʱͻȻƣŷһ£ͬضֻǰһɢĻâһĻ˷ڣҲһεĳ
Ȼǻ¶â˻ŵЩԷĻѾٷְٵȷϡ
ҲˣλħΪ󶯸ɸꡣ
Զûʹʸ񣬶Ҳڳ֮УûȫգҲжϲڻдһΡǻħ޷ƾһν׼ȷжϡ
ͬߵȼϵĵرҲǿ֮֡
˵ǸĻħؾһɱ˴˵˵ڻУڼΪǿģҵĲ
˵鲻ɱ
Ǻεǿ
Ҫ֪ʹвƵģʹûŵĻκνƣǿܷӳҲ
Ŀƣ˷ԭʥδڴˣԸӣ޷󣬷δĳɾ͡
½磬ȴܳΪһʥ֣֪ǻȻˡЩϧϧ޷ơ
Ȼ޷ƣһ㡣
ûлţܳΪʥ磬ɱҵڶĻ
ԣʹʥҲкܴĿܣΪʥŷԷĿ϶
ҪΪʥҪʥ
ʥһܳΪʥʥȴʥ
ܳɳô죬˳ɾͣȫΪʥΪԼ



1578
ˡ
ͻȻɫ΢һ¡
ǰڼʱʦһĺɫ񣬵ʱʲôȻǳʦ֣֮ڳΪʮطۣӦܿһЩˣȥ󣬶࿴оо
ԣҲһ
֮棿
ڼʱ֮ĺɫ񣬷Ȼӡ̣һʼʱȫκγ֮ڷһͻʱȴǳѺۣźͻƣɫϵѺҲԽԽ࣬ԽԽ
ܣȻûг֡
֮治Ե޹ʵģ͸һòĶȻڡ
ʦ𿴲лʦأ΢΢ҡͷڼʱ򣬵֮ͿһУҲŵĻŻɫĳǰܸزס
ɫܣҪȵʮطۺ󣬲Ż¶
Ȼͳ˺ɫ񣬿϶ôģܵȵܺ棬ȵΪʥҲ̫ˣʮط۾һʺϵĽ׶Ρ
񣬴ɨ˷ĺɫ
һƳ֮䣬ȴҲʲôҲļԺеʱȥоȥ֡
֪ΪʲôֱӵͻȻڣȷشּ˵ΪҲ֪Ϊʮطۡ
һϾ׹
Ȼֻأܼ˿ǳǸոͻƵʮطֻۣصȴûϣ׾ñ˿ʮطۣԵ˽ֵʱǾһۿ˷ʵ
ʦ˼ǣҵ͵£ʵ
ûǧɵۣ̫ˣ漣Ǻ£Ҳһ¡
ǧɵָۣǲһǧ꣬һ׼кܾá
˵ͷ
Ȼ׵˼ǰ׷ɱ˾ѣһУΪ̫ɫɳ̫ѸٵԵʣЩжԵĶеֻš
ͬΪʥͥԶûôĿҲȷȫĶࡣ
׷ɱһһγɹתһθ˳֮ޣǵǽΣʵ
ΨۣΪ׷ɱǴʹɳ;ĻһΣпܾٲ
ÿһζվڷһߡ
õжԴ֪ڶ̶Ϊʮطۣǳһؽ磬һΣʥԶˣٲκԥ
ףΪʮط۵ϢǵܴȥҪأһֱӵ㹻ʵΪֹ³һڳ
֪˻ĴڣӦҲ⣬Щ뷨ڻħĴڣ֮䲻ᱬսƣһĬ͵ߣǰ׷ɱУһ
λʥҲ磬û֡
ʥԳ֣ȻὫ㳹ɱҪᣬ׾ٵġ
ңҲѽػȫ
һ㣬⣬Ͼаʥսһನɱ£ڵؽ֮⣬Ҳ
лҪԼҲ˰ţϣ⡣
˵ҲЩǸ⡣
Է˵ǧɵǺεҫǰκһˣȻôҫȴҪҴţʾˣȻǷǳı
ôᡣЦɣʦᣬҲôġ
ţһ㶡
ΪҪ뽣磬ҲûĽ֮УǺġ
׼תս£˴ڽʮļʱңȻʮط۵̬֣ڽ磬ҳĬǸҲǳᣬʱسǧɵۣ»뵽ͬһˡ
ǧɵۣȻǰδˣһ磬ͬʱ͸Ƿ˼
ɱĻ˽ͳĬϵ£ûˡ
ݣɣǳĬʱ򡣡Ц
ͺáû
ҲǷѡĵ·
֪Ϊʮط۵ģֻ㣬Һ壬嶼֪һԸȥ屣ܡ˵ȥ֮ǰ׼ǣĵشǵؽ֮⡣
׼ز˴硣ĵشȫᱻ˿š
ҲǺܺõѡΪȥԶûô죬ŸճΪʮطۣҪܳһʱȹ̾磬̫죬Ҳиȵ֣Ҳ޿ɱģΪ˸õĴθΪͻƵ߾׼һڱеġ
Ҳ׼ķѺܳʱ䣬
ңҲȥȥġ
ɲǰһΣʮط֮ˣתս£ĺ䶯Զ֮ǰʥע⣬ֻϵҲҪϡ
ЩǺʱվá
׼һֱڵĹڣиõѡ
ðɣʱһֱӿͨȥûзԣŷǰͲҪٻصؽˡ
һҪҵǧˣǰεľʹҪƳڸ߲ڣҲûôס
ңΪʮط۵ϢûдȥҲḶ̫ĴѰ
кܶ⣬Ҫʦָ̡Ҳûп֪´ٻصؽ磬ǶԺˣҲû˷ʱ䣬ԼһԶ˳
֮޵ٶ̫죬ʮطһΣϣ̫ɻ
һº󣬷̤˵򿪵ͨ뿪˵ؽ硣



1579 ٻֻ̨
˴硣
عһ̣ʱغӦƥڻڷ䣬Щɢȥˡ
̷ǳĶݣټĲ˴ܲģҲֻˣ޲վ۷Ϊ˴ĵڶлѩȻ⡣

һ󲨶лѩڷǰֱƾŽȨ˷ǰų˼ĺ˶Ǽǲš
㣿ûΣлѩ
ңһˡ΢΢һ֪̾һ뿪̫ˣʱ䣬ǰκһΣҲѹǻеĲ
ڣڲ˴磬ͣܳһʱ䣬ҲǾģúõǡ
˼ѵлѩ§һǰߵķӦлѩһޣնΪ˾޴ľϲ

ʮ
߳ľʮĺ߷ݣ΢͵һƽԭϣŷĽŲؿʼ¡ûãһΡɽڷ°εض˸߿ա
ɽۣ֮ǰȥΡɽķ嶥Ѹٱ仯ţƽ⻬ƽأڷ嶥ĵϣһεض滨ּȷ֣嶥ʱƽĵϣʯڿѸٵĸı̬ɺשߡ
̼䣬һɫͤͳڷǰŲУͤҲڷű仯ʱһϸĺɫʯδӵס˷
~
ؼͻȻ˴磬ţãã˷ӿԽԽ࣬Ρɽ嶼ڣС
һб仯޶á
һ֮컻ضڵ֮䣬οİɽ֣ͤǷһˡ
Ƿѡıչ֮أ뿪ŮԶȻȨڲ˴˲䷵أչȴǰģССԸȻΥ
ʱڵɽ֣ڲ˴˵εģҲ˴ţվľĺԣȴܿһš
Ŀȣ˼·
ڵǰ˵˽֮еĴ㣬Ҫ֮жҲҪȵȹ̣Լֻ㣬ҪУ֮֮ǾԵġ
ȹ̣ͻƹһȻö˵
ֻҲֻ㣬пʥӵҪתս£¶ʥĿʱȫѰ·ˡ
֮·ҵֻأ˵ڶԲЩջʮҲϣʱһֻ̨ҵʮĲˡ
૵
֮·ϵջ񣬵棬ȻǵڶԲˣҪһͱͣЩջϣױԼУȻ֮Ҫ౶
ȴûеֻأҪֻ̨ľʮ㣬ܻá
ɡ
ûе飬ڵֻ̨ӡǡ
һ̣ӴǿջڷǰΧһѸʧոմɽ壬ֻ̨Ѹȡ
¡¡~
ǿУɫֳ̨Ҳͬʱֻ̨İʮ㣬ֻ̨飬Ȼʵվ
һûӦٻԭ£Һ㰲Ȼ˵
һ˵ҲˣԼǸ磬ʥʱҪٻֻ̨ԱȴûеõԷӦ£ŶҲʹ׹Ե
ΪʲôҪһɡǷţһ¶Էֻ̨һ飬ֻҪɣ´ٷͬĴ
ѵ˵ηʥ
η壬ٻһ̣бٻҡƽ
Ҿ֪аޣʣ֪һٻֻ̨ģȻƮ֮˲ܰʱյôá
㲻ͬʱӦͬ˵ٻʵ
ʸٻֻ̨˺٣ֻһˣһԣҪһͬٻֻ̨Ǻܺģѱ
߿۷֪ʲô˵Ȩޱߡ
һͣȴ޷
ĻƮ֮ӦǵϾʮ֮һֻصĵ㡣
ҪԣƮ֮ڷ֮ϡ
ӦȺĻǰ߱Ȼڷ֮ǰȻҲпǱԭ򣬿ߵ̬ȣȴǲ׼ˡ
ҲϾʮ֪ˡߣôʼɡ



1580 ʮ
ߵȻᷴԷҪһӣֻ̨ÿ֮ʱһţű˴ˡ
ߵ˵ͷ漴ͳǰ֮·ȥ
ǧɵֻۣҲ˵ڶԲ߿ŷв޾̾
׾پͿ˷ľ硣
ĳɳ֮죬ҲеޱȣҪֻ֪֮ûǧ֮ǰΪʮط۰Ȼ˫ĻͬȴҲܿ졣
ǧɵۣ߸עǣڶ̶ʱڣֻصڶԲ
淨ɲǴ·죬ֻ淨жǼɬѶѶȸ֮ǰһԲʱȻԾȴҲܽܣϾٶȣһǰʮ
ǣڶԲٶȣ̫ˣȫŽǰ֮Уޱȡ
Ҳ߸ӵӷǰûбҪͣΪʲôûӦٻ
Ҫ˵߸еźģǷ޵ģֻء
Ҳ޿κΣģǵһҲһ
ܴڼɡ߳
ߵ֮·ԣȴûмȥǻһ£һδصľǴηոֻصһԲֻ磬Ϊ˷ٻֻ̨Ļᣬͳͨʮһ֮·
һεʧܣ÷¡
ȫûзأ뿼ռ󣬷ֻǰâһȻͱ˺ѿ
ʲôûп壬ɼ֮
һΣҲصޡǰһ̤֮·ǰȥ
ΧһѸٵȥŽ뿼ռ䣬Ҳ͵
ͻȻ
ǰâһ
ˡ
дݣһΣڿˣĲʲôģһ⣬ͬǳص⣬ºȴɱһУȻķѵ³
÷ǣ죬ֱǿ쵽˼㡣
ʵã
ڰ׽֯ĹâиȻһΣȴûκãΪΧյģûκεĴ֮ߣҲ˵ڵĿռ䣬λʵ磬֮С
⣬ޣ޼᲻ݡ
ʵõ״̬ʧЧ
ֻ磬򷨲֡һ飬ۿŹâ䵽ǰ΢ʱ֮Уһֻ类ٳ
ոչֻʱȷʵʱգֻÿһֶָƣһ֮䣬֮пٳ򷨲ֵ״̬򣬻ҪĻսиͲʵá
~
վֻڣǵ֮غֻϣֻ΢΢һΣʱɢҲֻ̨ϡ
ʮһ㡣
ĽҲȻģڵķһβ֪ǿ٣ֻϣǲͬնʮһˣͨ
ʮϣֻ磿ڰʮһߣߵ˵ͷĬ
ʮ㵽ʮ㣬ʵõ״̬ڹ涨ʱڶȥһд֮߾ֻͨڰʮʱ򣬿ݱ˹ֻ磬û뵽Ӱʮһ㿪ʼĶͳֻ硣
Ҳ¡
ֻصڶкܶ򣬷֮һֻ磬Ͼζǿһ̡
ֻ磬տʼʱȣȫһġ
ǴҸӵʵȶ
ԽǿԽʵֻ磬άֵʱҲԽҲԽܷ򷨲ֵһֻľͲˡ
૵ͨʮ֮·
Ƚ뿼ռͬĹâϮǰһθ죬Ҳӵ׼ķȻţ̿ٳֻ磬Уһ
֮⣬Ȼֻܹ硣
ʮ㣬ŷ֮⣬΢
֪֮⣬Ϊֻ̨ԵʣǱĵطҲпⲻò˾衣
򷨲ж죬ʿ֪֮ǿ󣬾ΪֻĲɹԡ
ֻλ֮Уʵ˵͵ǲڵģȻû취ҪƵ״ֻ̬ܿĵֻĻǼӵģΪ޷ֱӹ
֮⣬ȴֱӹֻ硣
ת֮ͬʱĴ֮·ȴҲ
ʮĲ㣬ʮ㡭
һǰ㣬ճֻص̶ȣ֧ʮ㣬Ȼֻصڶ͵һ㲻һǰ漸㻹ǲѵġ
ͨʮ֮·
뿼ռ󣬷̿ٳֻ磬ȴ֮⹥
һϮ֮ȰʮǿȴڷĳܷΧڡ
ȵȣǡ
Ȼһ˵һϮ֮⣬һ֮⵮ǰһ֮һصĺֻط
֮⣿
ûȷһ仯Ȼɫ䣬֮Ĺ£ֻ⵽ش㣬Ȼѣ̥ĤϸǴѡ
̤ʵصĸо֣˰ʮ㡣
֮Ȼ£Ҳֻ˼ƻչǳͨ˿顣
Ծ֮Ļ첻˿µĺӣˡ
û̴һأζŴʮĸܡ
֮ɵƻ
̶̫Ѹ٣ܸܵģҲеһ֡
Ƭ̺󣬷̤ͨʮ߲֮·뿼ռ䣬ȫעȻʧɫ
ֵ֮ⲻȻ
֮ӲͬϮͬʱֻϣ⵽֮Ĺֻ߽⣬ҷ
ǰ䶯Լص˰ʮ㡣
أʧܡ



1581
ʮ㡣
վڹ̨ϣЩ㱣ܿ侲
֮У֮⡣
˵ʵֻ̨֮ǰ׼֪ԼһӴʮ㣬ǲʵֹڰʮ㣬ȴҲ˷ԤϣԭΪῨڰʮ˲߰ʮŲ㡣
侲ϸĻȴܷĽź
ֻأչ鲻ط󣬺Ƿ޵淨ǵ洫ģ֮·иȻȻĿ㣬ֻ̨طǷ϶˳ʮ㣬
ֻȴһϵ裬Զط
֮·УڶԲټʮڻֻͨضԷԣ൱ڴ֮޺һʱطһΡ
ڶԲҲǿʼ㻹Զҡҡͷ
طڶԲʱ÷֮ޣŷϵط淢ľͳԽ˵ڶķ룬ȻҲ֮·ʱ˵㡣
淨ĵǰͬ顣
ǰԲ˻֪ʶȻҪЩ֪ʶȥݣŪд̺˼
ֻһųƵǣ߱㣬ʸ
ʱ״̬Ҳ֮ޡ
Ҳ˵ҪҽֻԴ֮޵ĳ̶ȣܴʮ㡣ŪˣҪɹصӲȻĺԶֹڰʮ㣬õ֤
⻹ʮĽ򣬸ոյڶԲֻ̨Ļ²⣬ֻܴǰ㡣
ڣѾʮطۣƮ񾳵۵̨ջƮ֮ɹչʾȻʱȫ޷⣬ȴҲһЩӡ󣬴϶µ°빦
Ѿ֮ޣȻһΡ
ֻؼɬѶԶһ淨Һطȫͬϵ˴˼ûʲôֵý֮
ңʮ㣬õֻصĵҲһʼҪʥĿ²¶ڵҲҪһĳ̶ȡ
һ뵽ЩͲɣǰ·Ƕʱھܳɾ͵ġ
εĽ֮УҪ׼ʱ
ȴҲ޿ɱġ
ҪڽҪҵĶ֣Ҳʮطۣĳ֣Ҳڽעһʮطۣôͣ𵽺䶯ԵЧӦ
ĬͣȻҪȷȴҲû٣ͬ쳣
ʮطۼѰᣬӣעʹľˣпܾʥòڽĶ磬ɲĴҡ
˵һݣûпǹ
ûƾմһ˵ʹ㣬Ҳһ㣬Ȼȡķʽֻѡδ֮ˡ
ΪֻˣǵĴ߲֮ûմȾӡǣ죬Ҳ޸Ĳ˶ʷģܿС
ȡˣĬĿǴδ磬ʮطۣʲôԤϣʮطһǼǿˣ鷳ܻ࣬Ҳᱻ衣
෴ȡĬڽһʱգĳɳŽӡǣĳ˵Ҳǽʮطۣ±ȲʮطۣȴҲʮطǰ㱻Ϸء
ǳĬݵڡ
ҡҡͷҵ˼лع
Ҫֻ̨𣿡ߵһ
ˡ
ҡͷĿǴʮ㣬ȻȻԸ˷ٻֻ̨Ĵ
Ҳû˵ʲô
ֻ̨ȥҲǻص˰ֵɽϡ
ûąֻ̃ʮϢҲߣ磬ʽӡ
ʮ㣬ɲһСĿˡ
֪Ǻε
磬һЩ𣬺ܿ˳ţȻһδǵ𶯺ܴȴҲڴˡ
Ͼûʮ㡣
ʮ֮ǰ;ʮ֮ǽȻͬģʮ֮ˣֻ˵һв޷ݡ
Ʈ񾳡
翹âеƮ֮顣
𡭡δء˵
޷ȷ
֮ͨʱ˶Էģ֪׼ȷжϡ
ǣƮֻ֪֮ϵ衣
Ʈ۵ϣʼնûչ¶ֻأ۵̨ϵ쳣֣Ʈ֮Ȼֻ̨ڱΣȷ˷̶ȣֻ֪Ӧ˵ڶ㣬ھ̶ȴö֪
ֻصͻ𣬽ķǳ֮죬޷֤ǾǷ
ǵޣֻûʲôƣӲҪ˵һʮֿЦ
Ʈ֪֮֮ޣܲ³϶֮·ʹֻӶȷ˾Ƿƫƫ֪ѾʮطۡлɣȴҲ޷϶
Ʈ񾳻ָƽƮԶ



1582 籾
˴磬ɽͤڣܽһδֻ̨ʧܡ
Ʒչȥļ㣬ֵ֮࣬ɵĺҲֹӣҪǿµĶࡣ
һ֮⣬ֻ磬Ȼмвˣֱ˷ٳֻ磬Щ˵ˣٳֻ磬ԶԶ̸
пٳֻ磬Ĳ˴Ĳ
һ㣬ޱȿ϶
ѡֻ磬Բ˴Ϊǲ˴ĵһԲ˴ָƣȷһһϸϲκβò˴˽ֻ磬¸ֲ
⣬ҲǷĿǰֻܹ磬ܴﵽļޡ
ֻ粻һʼ˵ģոչʱʮּªŷֻϵ澫ֻҲԽԽƣԽԽֻ˴С޷Ĳ˴ȣеһ⣬ʵ̶ȴǱ޶¡
ʵ޷ϣǣǱϵġͲϵû漰ߵĲΡ૵Ѹٰյ˹ؼ
һ磬ԶԶûô򵥡
֮·ģǣߣЩӳ֣ʧȻٳ֣÷ʶεĴڡ
˴磬ֲֻΣֿɸ𣬵ʵϣʹķҲٲ˴磬Ÿε
Ĵ磬ԴҲ֮
ˣԼ̵ݡ
֮·пĳȻŹרѯʣҲû
Ĳܴ֮ڻĸ֮һҲԴ
֮·ʱ򣬿һɢĹâ֮Ϊƣ˵ЩԴ֮֮ڶ磬γ磬󣬲ڶ֣һݻľ档
֮硣
֮磬ϵģϵ淨ڷչһ߶Ⱥ󣬶Ʋ
Ҫֻܸ֮ĺͱ뿴˴εͽṹʹֻӵƣȱʧ
˼·
Ǵ֮ǰ֮ǰĳ̶ȾǼˣڴ֮޺󣬾Ͳһˡ
֮ޣҿʵ֪֮Ĵڣ֮·϶£˶͹ڣٳ磬γ˻֮֮
ڣǸؿռȻ©˵
Ǹؿռ䣬Ϊ磬ڴ֮ޣ֮·ͻγɣ磬Ҳһ֮
֮ǷյѶϢع򣬷磬Ȼ̬֮ȵԺӵ룬漰ߵĲ棬ԽĽӽ籾ʣ֮ҲӦĳɳ
Ϊ֣һ㶼ڵģΪ֮Ĳʾ
֮·Ĺڲͬ磬γ֮γ˻֮ǶӦţԻǱߵĹ
磬Լ֮ҽߵĲ棬εĴڡ
ţ΢֮޷Զɢ͵ĹâΧĻʱ˱仯
ɽ塢ͤ󡭡µĻѩ㣬ʼڣѸ߽⣬ڡ
Ŀ⳯Զȥ˴ȻǴ
ؼ䣬Ƶɽһıڣ߽⣬ɺԣȥɫ
˿µһĻȴĩհ㾪춯أǷϢţһжʵģΪԼ˸߲ӽǡ
һϣƽ￴ɽ塢ءͲڣʱȥٴ档
ȴţͲﾡȥչڷǰģһҫ۹âǵ磬Ǻبڴ֮£֮ϣţԨ纣̺
ԿâеҲע⵽ءյڣҲжʧҲһִڵ֮УֻʱҲâֳ֣֮ǰȫ̬ͬǸıʡ
ǣһֱʰ
ип
񣬲˴Ȼ˿µܶԱԵƻҪչֳɴƻȴʮּѡ
ң⻹ǲ˴ʵĴڼǳߣǱϾԴֻʥܿ
֮ûãʱľ磬ֻܴﵽһΡ



1583 ʮ
ĿƣΧ췭ظĲ˴硣
âǵ磬ţ̺ſֲ׵Ǹһ籾ʣ֮Ӱ£ڷǰ
ոյ֮ǳۣ޷÷ʱͣһΣ˷Ҳûеʱ䣬̾ϸ쿴𣬲˴һ繹졣ʱΪһƾֳȻڽһĳ̶ȲԿȫĹ죬ֻҪķܿģ幹죬λһǰһţ޷⡣
µģǿ
ֻҪܿôƿ繹죬ͽʱ⡣
ֻҪڿһУȫֳֻȻֻĸǿҲӵȹ̣ܸ֮⹥
Ҳס
ֻ粻ξһ룬ܰ쵽ģôĹֻ磬ҲΪԲ˴ָơ
繹죬ֻ֡
ֻأǷʹõĹߣֻΪֻؾֽʺϣǰͲεֻ磬ֻصҪȻߣ漰߲ε繹ֻصҪҲˮǴߡ
ֻĹУֻصҲ𽥼ɳ֮޵ĳ̶ȡ

ɽۣ֮ΧһƬޣ΢䣬һпٳ޵Уֺֻ󣬱仯Ȼûֹͣһ̺ſֲҫ۹âֻ롣
һ̴ֲֻ֣磬Ҳ
ֻͬʱҫ۹âҲѸͣâ˷쿪ȥֻĲ淢ľңǿʼȻн֮ʱҫ۹âҲӵֻÿһ䣬޴ڣֲֻ
µƽⱻҫ۹âȥʧ
һոµֻڷǰ
ɹˡ
һĻ¶Цݡ
µֻԭûв֮ͬʵϣȴ췭ظı仯Щֲҫ۹âֻ磬˸ߵĲ棬Ĳɼʧ
ֻ磬ٲһͲεĲȶǿĳ̶ȣԶԶ֮ǰ
ҪģǽֻḶ́һ֮͡
ֹ˶ʮꡣ
һٻֻ̨
ûжֱӿʼ˴ء
ͨʮ߲֮·ϣΧһпٵȥŲæһ䣬վֻ֮翪ٳ
ô죬͹˸ֻ߲硣һԳ䵱͵Ŀ΢
ʹʮطۣ϶µ°빦ɽʮʱ䣬͵һǾ֮Ҫ֪Ǽ淨һǰǧ궼֮
~
֮⵮кȴͬʱֻϣֻ͵һΣȴǰȻȫסһĹ
˰ʮ߲㡣

ЦûͣЪ̳ڰʮ˲㣬һΣڵ֮ȻӵĵϣԽϣ֮ӡ
ҲͰˣؼǣɵƻӣҲǳֳըʽ
ոɵֻ֮磬ĵ֮ͬʱ£ȴǾһζؿѣձֳһĩճɼɵƻ֮
һδأֹڰʮ˲㣬ǰΣ㡣
ʧܣȴûʲô֮ΪԼֻ绹ŽĿռ䣬ڵľ磬ܿĲΣʮ㣬Ͼչ黹ǵֻء
繹죬˴磬źԵڶ©ⲻһ֮Ҳ˵һ
ʱţֹ˰ʮꡣ
ϢУǿջֳɫ̨ǿգһƵĸо
߿ųڰʮ˲ķżֺ֮ɫ
䣬ٻΣ˼İհɣѯʵ
˵ģʵ
û˻˷ֻ̨Ĵڹؼʱֻ̨̣ṩ֮ܣ͸˷Ѳá
¡΢΢һЦ
һʱȻ˰ʮŲ㡣
ռڣпٳֻ磬ߴѾ˽
֮Ŀ¹ٶƵֻ֧󣬳ڰʮŲķҲ
һ㣬֮
һڳ޷˵Ŀʼھʮ㡣
֮ʱסˣҲߵ˵ǵأÿһĹâ
̤ϰʮĿ飬Զ֮ǰͬģʮĿ飬ˡ
ΨһֵҵǣЩ֮ⲢͬʱֻϣɵƻҲûǰ漸ô£ֲֿıըʽ£ﵽһ޷ĳ̶ȣֻ˲ͻᱻ
ˣЩǵض֮⣬Ҳתۼ佫ֻ̳һ⬣ţȴûʧǻһӴޱȵĹâȻᴩǧٿ׵ֻ硣
~
ֻı㣬ĩհĳѣձɵӴâ쵽˸㣬ŸΪԴ繹죬ֻﵽĳױ
Ŀֲ£ֻҡҡ׹ƺʱȫĹȴҲûгãգֻҪ֮ʣе֮ȴʧ
ͦĹһء
ޣȻƿصĲ˴繹죬ֻ磬ʵ죬߱˹صȻһعʮּѣҲǳǱǣӮ˾Ӯˡ
̤ʵصĸоеĿϲȻ



1584 ĵ
~
ڷ̤ʮһֻ̨̣΢΢ζ󣬺ڰ׽֯ĹâȻ𣬽û
ڰ׹âѸͣû˾ʮÿһԼ䣬翪٣𣬺쳾˼̬ɽˮǳȵȣۻңоһ˲Ŀľ
һĵӡ
߳ھʮ㣬ͣڳĺڰ׹âУȴûܵκӰ죬ϵЩп
ͬһʱ̣طҲС
Ʈ񾳣Ʈ֮Ȼ۾и˵ķâ񾳶Ϊ֮ζ
ÿ죬һãƮ֮۾ͳ
֮âУһ̨֣Ӱڸ̨֮ϣڽ·򹧾վˣר־ţΨ©һ㡣
ӵĽΧ뵸ֲתţֳһĻĻµĳ̵̺˿
ڽ֮߳ʱͻȻһͣ׵ͣĽݻʱɢͻıʶʱŪô£Ӻܿͻָƽ¿ʼҲССĲԺ
û촽⶯¶һ仰ˡ
ãԭҰ֮ϣͷ׵첽У߹֮أĴرķ֣ľӵһϪ䣬˲
ͬˣҪй⣬˹⣬ҪǾ͵
ͻȻ
ͬ͵һ٣ΧѸܱ磬Ҳܵ˼㣬˾޴ı䶯Ͼرѡ
ֶһ֡
Ŀ
ˣˣҲӵֻ̨ѶϢڽսڽӵϢһ̣޲
辭ߵĴѶϾʮһ̣в˸Ӧ
ˣˡ

ڰ׹â֯۽磬ţûκΣյĸо
Χ𺳵˼㡣
һ۲գΧĳ仯ĿѣԣͻȻǰԶһµ絮пٳҲ˷ע
ǡ˴磿ûһᣬǰԽԽϤĵط÷ٳ磬ǲ˴磬ϸ˵ֻ磬ڣȴǴߣԹߡ
һǶȣֻ絮ȴ÷һ۾ҲԽԽ
죬࣬õַͷȻͬȻЧȴߣܶϸڸ÷̾Ϊֹܵԭˡ
ûãǰֻ磬뷽һ޶ǣֻܱȴûֹͣε繹γɣ˷˼ַ޷ķʽֻϡ
úֻܱԽԽ죬ұ仯ţԽԽ룬÷һ۶еͷĿѣ
ԶĲΡ
ڣֻܱͣһȥͨͨ߳Ц˷
ֻ֮
ָֹֻܱͣѸСָ˻һŹâָڷͷâʱûУֻеԴһѶϢӿ룬ȵӦȻʧ
ַĺڰ׹âҲ֮ȥ
ǵϾʮ֮ˣͳΪĵӣõһ˸ߵһ
ֻ֮𣿡ֻĺܱ䣬
ϾʮݹȻ˾޴ı䶯ʽӱ˺ĵӣȻͬն
һǧǵλĵӡѵ
ѣ˽
֮ǰϾʮֻˣΪֹҲֻһɼѳ̶ȡ
ֻ淨Ҫʵ̫ѡ
õ淨ҲˣȻ⼸ߴѶʾֻ̨ͻƵ߲εĴȫָʮϣһζûС
ͣԭأҲδô
УƮ֮ʥɼԽҪһ㶼ǧѡ
ʮԺÿһѶȶɱӣӾʮ㵽ʮһ㣬һ㵽ʮҪ౶߿ڵ϶һ²⡣
΢΢ͷϾǾʮˣյĵһٲֻʮ㣬Ѷȵǳš
ҲһֱϵڶûĴ˳ˣҪֻ̨֪ĴУѾһǧ֮á
Ҳô⣬ŸյϾʮ㣬ûϾͳһ㣬Ƚ϶ԣȤǣΪĵӺܵõЩʲô



1585 ô
Ͼʮ󣬾͵ңΪ˵ĺĵӣ֮ǰȻͬն
ѯʵĿ⣬֪ЩʲôҲû
ȣֻصĵ㡣߽һڰ׽֯ʯݸ˷ֻصĵ㡣
Ҫ˵ֻݵģͨϵ飬Ҳǽ飬ȻЧȴǰ߲Ĺͬκȱݣڣû̺ǿˡ
ٻֻ̨ĴʮΡûȷɣּһ䣺Ͼʮһ֮ǰ
˼ǣһҵϾʮһ㣬ٻָֻʮΣһ
ߵ˵ͷ
һǼĸı䡣
ϰʮ㣬Ϊʽӵʱ򣬷ٻֻ̨ĴҲʮΣϾʮ㣬򲻻ٲ䣬һһΣһȫþҲûܳ嵽ʮ㣬ʧȥֻصʸ
ڣȴһӵʮٻ
ܵһٲ㣬൱ӵһٴٻԶԶ֮ǰһ棬ȴҲӳˣҪǰļѡ
ءʵ
ǣȨ޵߽͵ӵбȱ˸ߵȨޣͬģֻλĵӣһͬʱٻӦȨ޸ߡ
һΣƮ֮һ㣿Ц
ǰٻҵʱһλĵͬʱٻңڸٻĴۺҴ󲿷ֵλĵӴԣȻҲӦ˷ٻӳһ£ҽٹȥʮֱûȫ־ͱɢˡ߻ش
Է˵Ʈ֮߸ûӦ
ӵܣΪֻ̨Σô£ôȷģ޹أԼȴ͸¶ⷽܡ
ʵϣҲǷһ̽߹Ȼûֱ˵Ʈ֣֮ûж˵ʲô
Ƕ߻˼÷ЩԾ
Ӧٻǡ¶˼֮ɫϸĻȷʵ޷϶ʱֻ̨ûг֡
Ϊٻֻ̨ȴû̵õӦ󣬷ű꣬ӶʥĴսֲϯһУʱΧͿ壬Ҳ
ֻ̨ǿûƿߵ£ܷӳǿỹǾˣս֮С
Ѿȥһٶ꣬ҲپᣬҲŪˣôһ¡
ߵ˵ҪǳѣҴ۷ǳĴ󣬼ʹлһΣƮ֮ҲδػԸ⡣
˵ûбĺô
ģܴһ˵
һֱĸҲİʮʱ򣬷ʹʱƬʱ֮֡
󣬷ԶһΣƿҵ
ƽ뷽С
ţʲô
ԣһ㶣ϣ𾪵۾
ߵ
ֻ̨飬Ȼֻ̨
˻~
п
ʲôȻӴҲߵĵر
ǣ֮ƿصģɱǧ˰˰٣ִڣûߵĵر֮Ȼֻ̨õߵӣҲ޷ƿصãƿֵġ
ֻ̨ʲôǿ˺̶ֳȡŵȷһ飬õԷ϶Ĵ𸴺󣬷ĵ⡣
ֻ̨Ҿ˵һɡֻ߾磬ٸֻ̨磬ñʵɡߴż԰˵
磿
ʵ
ǺεѾˣ붼ľ硣
ߵ˵ǣһֻ̨ȫпٳֻȫܸʵ磬ȡ֮һʵ磬ֱֶΡ
ȻҪֻ߾磬˶첻ǷĻֻֻ̨ܷӳһԼ൱ڷۺڡ߲һ䡣
ʵ;綼ԶԶʹλϣܷӳֻ̨
ۺڡ
ûʧѾˣϾƿصԶʵ
£ֻʹһΡ
ѡɡ˵
Ϊĵӵĺô߻Ѿ˵ˣҲ׼˶ͻȥ
뿴һӣʱǰƷ෱࣬ۻҡ
ĿһƷɨ
еںܱеĶҲǲ࣬ʹУҲδػֻ̨
ţ
ǡ
ͻȻĿ΢ĿƷУһֵĻɫЩĸо
һɫʱڷ
ܿ죬ҲˣΪʲôԼϤĸоɫȻ͵֮ĺɫʮƣɫ͵̵鲢ͬ
ⶫǡ֣ҾȻûйϢ¶֮ɫ
עɫϵ˵Ϣû뵽ǣϢȻһƬհס
ɫȻֻ֮ȴֳĳԭûκϢ
ѡɡ˾
Ȼڷ˾ʮ㣬ҳڿѡƷڣ˵ǿԱѡģɫ÷⡣
ߵ˵ͷв⣬йֻҪǷϹ̣ٹ죬ᷴԡ
Ųðײõ̬ǰһξʮһ㣬ԶҰܡ
ȸյϰʮʱҰܵĻҪס
ҡҡͷŵֵĻɫ񣬷ص˲˴硣



1586 ı仯
صչصɽ壬Χֻ̨Ѿʧ˵صĻҲǻָԭ״֡
ɫ񡣡
еĻɫ¶˼֮ɫֻ̨ʮąֻܱ̃ʮģȻȥҿɹѡķΧ㣬ǰǰ漸ʮĶҲ˾ʮеġ
ɫǾʮеġ
ֻ̨ܹҲһٲ㣬ԾʮۣļֵҲʮ켶켶ĵر
Ҫ֪ǿĽڽҲ൱ھ켶ˣδָһ룬ɼɫļֵ
Ȼ÷ģϤС
һ΢ʱһɫֳ
һһڣͬʱǰ
ϸĿš
ɫϴѣûһõĵطɫγĶԱȣǿǣȴĸоϤ
ǵɫͬڵ̵飬Ȼ£ȴǵĿòҲֲʲô塣
Ҳ޴жϣҺϵ̵ģǲͬһ飬ǲͬġ
Ķȴ̵ֱܷĶ󣬷ֱһһ̬
ĵָоԣǷһ𣬾ʮˡ
ɫϵ飬Ϊɫǡ෴
֮䣬Ӧôʲô
ţ
ͻȻɫ΢ע⵽ڸոգͻȻ˼Ϊ΢ĹâΪڰŪĹУǽӽˣ
ܿҳڡ
ˣҲΪǰڷһ𣬳һʱ䣿ʱ̵Ļ򲻻κηӦ
֤̽²ڷһ𣬳һʱ֮Ӧ־Ƿ⡣
ңžҵĿɢĹâҲԽǿҡ
УڷĿ££
ϵĹâҲɸտʼļɼԽԽǿңƺǱ˴˲˹УԭĻɫͻȻһѺۣɫҲܵʲô̼㣬Ѻۣȵ˫ʣһȭ֮ʱ򣬻ɫѾĺͺɫһģһѴ
ǣΪֹˡ
֣βݣ޷һ£֮ƺ޷ĳǼ
㳹䣬ȫ֣Ǿܽӽһˡһ
񶼷ǳĹŹ֣ʹѴȴ޷ڲ
Ҫȵȫʧܳ֡
Ҳûջ񣬲ǻɫĴˣڻɫĴ̼ɫϣҲѺۣӽĳ̶ȣʡ˷ܴľϾҪúɫѣɲô׾ܰ쵽ġ
һᣬȷ񶼲ټ仯󣬷
ѹооɫ񣬷Ҳû£һֱڵľ磬Խ⿪ɫţҲҪһۣܽ⿪ģʱûʲôͷ
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Ҳɫֻ֮һǧǰֻ̨ϵģɫǵ֮ǰģܵõɫӦһɺϣǽҿŵľء
ҡҡͷջ˼
ֻص㵽֣ҲΪ뽣׼ˡ
һٶûаװ׶ȹֻ⣬Ҳǽͻƴȹ˸
ˣʣµģҲֻص㣬ˡ

֮УһӴ翪ٳɽǳԾ䡣
ͻȻ飬еĳԻΪƬͶһ޴ĺڶ֮У㹻ƬڶһӴ̣ڷͷϣֻΪ̡
̻תţ汻ֳɵֲͬĳתţħнޱߺڰ
ǰ̣ȴ౶
λһ֣˼̬쳾ǳá
֪˶ãȻ۾ϷҲϢɢ
֪£ǹȥ˰ꡣ
ֻصɬ˼㣬ĽҲޡ
ĺԶ
΢΢ҡͷ
ֻأѶȺǰȫһģƮ֮ʥֻ̨Ҳûܳʮ㣬ɼѶȡ
ҪֻϵĽ̫ʵұķ̡
˼
գ߳չصɽ塣


1587 һҶ۶
̵ѵһ
ֻ淨ֻתУĳɹֻΪϵֻصĸӶ۶
˵ǷĶط
ֻأҲͷ̣ȻŲ졣
Ҫ߲εֻأ̣һ򣬵̫ѣҪķѵʱ̫̫ãˣ辶
̵Դǡ
ֻأһһֻأȻԼԳĸչǷȱ
վڷ嶥ΧƣȻһ̾ǣ粽볾
΢Ȼӱչصɽʧ
лѩһ仰⣬ûоˣڰһԭϡ
ŷǰȥϵϢѸţͬʱҲЩ
ףˡ
ӭˣǵĿɨ䣬ʱľ֡
׿ĺԭܳģһǿߣ׼֮ͽûһġΪ׵ӻˡ
ˣҲŮԾҲ֮Ȼӱ濴ȥǿӦ˵ǳСȥһͨˣǿ򲻸ô룬ͨܳںԭֱһЦ
Ȼһϲ֮ͽĳֲΪ֪ĿģŻԼصôãԺﶼתͷ
ܿ죬˫Ѹٽӽ
˵淢Ʋ֪䶼˺ˮȻһֱ˫߼ûκս
ҪɡΪǵͺȣͬעš
ǣһս׼һԶ룬ֱӰ۽ʧ
ţ
ôŵģڸʲô
ΪֹǶܰȫɣûκΣա
һӶýŵһãȻ
԰
ڸʲô
ûκΣգȴڳƣҲ̫˰ɡ
˵˵ǺԭСľΪӺȳ
˾һûҵԭҲ͹ںԭ̫Σձ벽ΪӪԵʣźԭȥ
ûᵽոǲķ뷽Ķ棬ͬλӰ˫ķ֮飬Ҳڡ

̬ڲ˴磬Ǽˣתͷͻǣûгֹ
ֻصȻɷҲԭ̤ġ
ֻҪԷԼʵԶʩӰ죬ĨԼļ䣬䷽һ֮ڲ˴绢
ţʱʱ̶̿ӱᣬһһνĵá
һֱΪһ֮Բ˴ָƣȻ˽Ǹ߸ϵģ˷ֻΪӶ̵Ĳƣǰľ̵ĻɻǷȱ١
˼󣬺쳾̬糱ǲУ׸ġ
Ϊһֻ֮ҪԸ⣬ܹڲ˴κһأȫûͽУ쳾
һ·ϤİĴϣŲٸҲеĸܵˣ⼸˴ı仯
Ŀãһ˵һİǿ֣߳Ǹ÷ϤĲ˴磬Ͳڣֻкһֻš
̶䣬˲˲׺ɣĸп
˴ı仯֮磬⼸ķչ֮죬Ҳǿɼһߣȫ췭ظݡ
вע⵽˷ȻıòϲôһͨΣķĴϣ˲Ŀ
ȻֻҪһ۽磬ǶԷļϾͻʧתԼΪʲôɻ
һ·߹˲ٵطصأоּȻĬĬţҲ˽֣һתۣĲǱƽȥ
~
Ļߵδ½ıԵ
δ½÷Ȥĵطࡣ
ߵԣ·İǧѩĴ󺣣΢΢һЦУԶһɭУߴľϢĶϳأ֦ҶЩľĵںϣһֻªıۡ
һ˱ϣµı۶ʱɳԶ˺
֮ϣӿһͷ籩𣬾˱߸𣬺ϲ˼תУڱΣֲָ
һ洬ұ˽ѲĿ˷籩룬洬ϵ˲¶֮ɫ
ڷ£洬һζţʱʱͣüζ㱻Ʒֻ֧ܿš
ʲô֪˭ͻȻ
ãȻȥ
ֻ񱩵ķ֮УһҶۼʻһĿվڴͷ֮󺣶ʱƽҲֹ֮Ъ񼣡
Ԧűת۲طˣ֮أͷƽ˾С
洬ϵٺˮŷ뿪ķ򣬼Ĺ



1588 С
壬Ǵ󺣱ϵһСׯƽһ㶼ۡ
ʱ֣кѪɢںϣһȺͯں̲Ϸɳ̲һʻĽӡں˵ĳʧ١
һϷСɽǿСݡһü۵кվм䣬ָš
ССͣȴٲȻ˼ȣЩͯȻȻӣкҲǸĺ
죬쿴ͻȻһͯŴͣ۾ֱֱĶź棬ˡ
ӶãȻȥֻԶĺϣһҶѸʻ֮֮ԶƽϢ
һվڴͷֶⴹں󣬿ȥ쳣һĻͬӣǴӻ߳˵ζ
һںͯĿɿڴ֮ʣֻϵǰһһ̣ͿԽ׾룬ɳ̲֮ϣҶǳ˺ףʧ񼣰ĳʱúͯǾ
ǲ˺̲ϵĺͯĿ˹ЦЦûͣ
Զ󣬺ͯǶʱ˴£֮ǰģһԹԵĽϷȻϷеһ룬ǲȻָǵĺ֪ʱˡ
Сأȥˣ
һ͵͵ؼˣýƻ
ں̲һȦҲûҵͯһҲɢȥ
С㣬һ֣ͨͨȡֵĸĸҲʵͽ𲻳ʲô绨ѩµ
Ȼʮ꣬С״ӱҪͬ͵ĺӴĶ࣬ƽϲģȥβ£ÿǿݺءʱС۾͸Ҳ
Ȼʵȴǲпģı΢Ŀܣӳиҵһɫ򣬽ȢһƽĹȹ
С㲢µµΪĶȹһڵͣҲʱ򣬵ں̲ϣӵʱ֮࣬ҲȻӿһɳ嶯ǣĸȥ
ܿ죬Сͷ֣ԼôŬ޷Է
ôӿŲ񱼣޷룬Էʼպһľ룬롣
һǰһת۾ʹ˲塣
СеֵǣǴӵʱҲ˲ˣ岮ĳЩûпһ޶ãҲûзС㵣ĵģ˺ȥ
ȻЩ֣СʱӵĶɻҲϱԺ
ҹĻ𽥽٣źڰ˴أΧںڰ֮У˶ǳХԼֹ˻е
Сںˡ
ٴ󵨣ҲֻǸոʮĺӣ֮ǰһǻѪһȾ͸ûпǹڲŷ֣ûô򵥣жʱ֮⡣
ͷ˿ĵƻ˸еůĹǰص룬ʱڰ֮Уʹʧ
ô죿
Сˣ˽սһݺҧȻתůĹ˺棬θӱ
֪˶ãںڰ˶ԶСֶͻȻķ֣һֱŵӲˡ
ѵʶģʱûмʱϣ
С󾪣æ쿴ܣŷǰԶһĹȼ
⸽йԺֵͷһС󲽽˹֮У˿ǣӹȻڹ棬֮ԣĿ
ӣȻķ
ۣܲСĵ
֮ˡ΢΢ۣСһۣԷһĿȻ
ڲ˴磬˶תͷС㣬֮ԻˣΪСˣӴ˵ָ£ȻȻҪӽλһ֮
ȻҲǷûֹԵʣСϵӴҲԷӶ
Ųٸ򣬵εΣֽǡ
۲ܿܿź쳾̬
۷ף콾
Щͨ˵Σǿߵĳɳ̣޲ǷĹ۲ȻڷǷס
С㲻һ
ʹûзܿҲӭ˲ʱڣС뿪ȻƶһƱ㻯δһĿܣݺ޵У½
꣬컻أ˴绯½ֱӦںϵ߸硣
ܾһ½Բ˴˵Сһλ콾
˹켣ȻҲǷҪ۲Ķǰһ飬Ҳǳ֤ˣСʸ񣬱ϾҲǾԵģһ㣬ԼδδһдɾͣСܲܳΪһ콾ҲҪԺԼŬԡ
ңһ֮ǰ˵ʲôˣҲǺ塣



1589 콾
ԣСоůһ·ϵĵºƣƺҲ֮ʧ
Ϣһߵ˷ǰ룬Сͨһ
ȡΪʦѧϰ졣
γƺСԥ£ѡһƺ
°ɡ
һۣ
⻰һСʱЩɵۣС飬Ūʲô˼ȲǴӦҲǾܾ
ȡ䣬ȻһƽĮȻĿ⣬Ϣƣʲô˵ˣججƣ˼㣬˺ܿͳ˯ȥ
СʱѾǵڶˣҹĹʧСʧɫҺãžͿ˲Զվŵķ˿˵ˣԼľΡ
߰ɡ
ûпС㣬ֱǰȥ
״С㲻òеɻ£ϽȥϵǾϲã
֪ʲô˼û˵Ϊͽȴ桭
СʴӱףҲܿĻȴǲģССӶǳͷص룬Ļῼǵġ
ȻǷǰУС棬һǰһת۾Զ˲塣
СҲ֪ô£ֻоڷһ㶼Ȼ෴ȵǰһͳǰСȻѡ
⡭򡣡ЩϤĳСŴ͡
ԶǰŸһΣ㻨ʱ䣬ǲǰӦûڲɣŹȥ˶ã춼ûɣȻ
СޱȣһεʶĲЩ˵ǿߡ
һ֣С˶
ȻЩɥǣվȴһж޶ãССڣȻҲûκá
ٶȺܿ죬Ϊ˲˦С㲻òȫ׷ϣҲûʱ˵ѧϰ죬Ҳ޴˵
ЩãȻ䣬ǰĵ·ͻȻ仯ԽԽͣǿϢǰ
ɽ·ԣżͳһεŮеŮϢתСľѣǣЩ߼ŮڿʱĿⶼǾɨžµ˿ȥ
ԽߣҲԽԽ࣬ϵϢҲԽԽǿ
Ȼ˭ڿʱȾ֣ž޶ãСһ֣ǿĸо
ѵ˵һɴڣΧСľ
Ĺ棬иŴ壬ɴڳ֣ǵˣһ㶼ûʲô³ȴɴ棬֪жأС㵨ٴҲǸеֽŷ
ģ˶粻ϾǺ̬ͯ־彥ȥתĴ
Ǵ˵еĲؾ󣿡ͻȻС㷢֣ҪȥĵطдֺȻǲؾӱֿѧֻʶõġ
˭
һĵͺȴӲؾдͳȥ֡
С㣬ɽ˲ؾ档
ѧʲôͿʲôƽС˿ϲ˷˼
ͨˣǽӴ֮ģ֮ǰ½һң˵޼֮
ؾڵĲܶ࣬С߻ʱȴֻбļ顣
ɨһۣ֮ɵǿţ֮ȣȴǷĲȡ
ѧЩ͹ˡС㱧ᣬһ㡣
΢΢ͷ
֮ˣԴӱױԣʵϣ̰ģҪѧϰɵǿš֮ȷʵ𣬵ǶԽûʲôôϾɿǿȻڲ˴磬ȴ㲻öǿν֮ҲǴ©ٳֻӰδ
СõЩ֮ûʲô⣬춨ǳʡ
ѡøõѡ
󣬷С˱⣬ҲûѡЩеһѱڽ䡢մ˻ҳľϲ
ѡȻ޲ȴһ۾ܿѲ۵ľǱ֮ҲʺСġ
˺ܿ뿪ɡ
һ߸ŷߣСҲһŬţһʱദҲŪ˷˼·
ֱӽʲô
ÿ⣬вĵطС㶼һЩͻ򲻻ش𣬶ǴɴڣŴ塣
ǿڼڽѧСվһ⿪ɻ󣬻λսչʾǡǡĲ֣ʦͽѧǶվһԣϸǲȥԷºҲξ
̶ͬѨɴڣŴ壬ڷǰȴ߾ߣǽԼҺԺɡ



1590 꽣
ǡ
һռĺۡڣʮλŮԣ̸ۡ
ڵңٰĽᣬ뷽Բڵſһã˴˵ĵþ飬ȻҲ˸ԽϾζڡ
дƾеĶֽУȴпܵõȻʣͻһƿʲôģԸſǺܶģΪһĴ壬﷽Բ֮ڣҲŵϺŵǷ룬ҲˣΧеĽܳˡ
ʱŲſҲǽ߳
ͻȻλϵһòŮ¶ϲ֮ɫվƣҲ˵Ŀ⣬ڽеһԾҲֹˡ
ҸոսӵһϢ꽣عˣڽ֮Ҿعӷ룬ȻɵǣعҪ£δܼʱδϣû뵽ˡòŮΪܡ
Ļһ䣬ʱȺȻ󲨡
꽣塣
Ҳԣ꽣ûⳡҲ̫ˡ
˶ɧ
꽣壬ڳ˶֣һǰǣһ͹ʶĿ
ĳɫһСˣǵϵ
Ȼ۵ĳȴһǸСո¶ͷǣΪ˼ļ̳ˣ߽ȵѸǿﵽͬӵĸ߶ȡ
˾ǣ岻ʵǿ޿ޡ
꽣ָ֮ĲҴѧ꽣ǰ޹˵ĵزΪ棬ΪԸźͣദ˸о崺磬ë˶
˵֮ǰһλаħܵ׷ɱһλŴ껺δǰҪԭ
屳ûǿаħԲš
ɫ䡣
磬ὫֻˣȻˣ˵аħѾΪǱնɱˡ
뵽λаħǿѾ¶Եľη
ʱλòŮȻվ˳ȥûãͽһ˽
Ǵ꽣
˷׷ĿȻ꽣Ĵģȴûж١
ֻһ糾ͣüĿȻȥȣȴҲڲסüƣȻλаħĴսķپ
ʶ̾ȷˣǴ꽣ɡ
嵽˽žǸ˳֮⣬ϵҲʾǸ⣬㵽˶֮С
عӲߴͽָ̣һòŮ˫΢죬߿塣
ָ̲ҵ
ҲûƳ٣ͽԼһЩͬʱҲ³¶˼֣޲̾Ϊֹо࣬ڽûƫ˽󷽷Ľ˳ʾ̹ػЩҲʲô·ȫıĵãڳˣһඥĸд
ٲˣҲò֮УвԸŴ塢ɴڵĵӡ
Ĵ£Ҳǲٲ˽
ĵҲý߳
ʮſңű˴˵ĵã˭Ҳûע⵽ڽĽ䣬һһС˾վţת翵Ϣƺվһ硣
Сףȥʮ꣬ʱרעϸ˵ļĵãʱüɫ裬¶ϲ֮ɫʱüͷ壬ҡͷ
ĮȻֶĿԶڿǰܿܿڿңԶһطƮԶ
ˣȻķС㡣
֮Ŀ⣬溬Цݵϣ΢΢ͷ
ʣҲһ֮ˣֻС㣬ȫͬ
С΢㶣ãȻ̧ͷ
˵ÿһ仰С㶼©ʱȫⲻˣҲμ
ڳϣʶӰˣҲνĵõʧӵƲɵ̾һ䣬·ĺθڣȷʵҲǳģ˵
СƶǶǼ
һ
ѧ𣿡ڵ
˵ѧѾȫˡС㹧ڷǰһֱԳѧ
ڷҲһʱˣӴ֮Ŵ塢ɴڣľټ֮ԣСľ˵ȥ¶ûţջҲǲơ
ʱǽȣ̥ǰı仯ɣȻۼʶ֮ᣬ۽֮㣬Զڳ󼰵ģ³ϼڳ˶Ķ֡
ףСǰȥˡ
Ǿվڽ˲һ߳ʱ˵Ŀ⣬˴ʡ
ȻǵĺʸոճڣûģĿɨҲµƿ
ǼĳС㶼̲ס𺳣Խĸоغǿ
ǡ
ĿҲǲϣСʱȻһ䣬ƺһ޴Ĺ̲סҪ׳ƳҲһ𣬵ֳ嶯漴ȥǻþ
ȵЩĿʱȴڿһ翵ĻӰ˲֪
ʶľƿĿ⣬ȴȻӿһɾ޴ĳ嶯ĿǴʯԸ뿪
λǡ廹û˵꣬ȴͣҲͣϵϢƣƺһ̾ͻֱʧ㣬д󼱣Ҳ룬æվ׷ȥ
عӣ
ԱߵòŮӲվãȻ֪ΪʲôͻȻϯȥ
Ҳ˼ŲЩģ׼һ
ǣ׼ˣ쵽һ룬˻ȥλòŮҲָ򶨣Ȼ¡
׷֮󣬳ۡ˾Ȼȥ
ȵȣȵȡ
׷һᣬǰͣ岻˿˷ƽĮȻĿ⣬СʱЩ
һʱ嶯£һе׷˳ڲŷ֣Լûɡ
ѵ˵Լһֳ嶯Ծ׷ô˵ĻԷ»ɷӡ
˿ǣûδǣͿˡ
Ȼ׷˵ԵҲգһ̰ɡУȻûнԺյĴ꽣ƺܸҫһ㣬ƽͣû⡣
ŪǣԷʲô
ʲô֪С㣬ȻҲᣬȴǳΧǿѱĵףҲûҵܺͷԵϺŵ
Ǵӱĵǿߡ
ǿ²⣬죬ɲԪ½ޱߣһмСһ֣滹ŸΪغǿߡ



1591 ֮
ι~
һͻعѭȥǸڷϵĺͯ
С㣬һݣ˿СʱĻþΪ֮Ȼ
ҽС㣬СЩ˵
ڽϣСģҲֻһ˰ˡ
ЦûΪС׶һ߸ڷ棬һ̸߽
СͱϾСԻãڷ棬һ춼δ˵һ仰ڶһ壬ȻеУҲǴ˻ϻӣɽ̸š
֪䣬嶼ûԼϵƣʧѸٻָ
˵ĶԻûгã徫ָ֮ʱٶȻӿ죬ʹС岻òȫϣ졣
ҲԽԽľ
ԭûôںС㣬ǳԸ񣬲ûӺߣʱȴ֣СȻףʵȴһ㶼
Щſ۹⿴Сʱֳʵ
Сֹʮꡭ
뵽ҲЩգʵȻҪСǿĶ࣬ʮͣԶԶСġ
˵ٶ죬ҲǽϾ۲ܣȵĽŲڷʱ֣Χ¶ȶȻ½˰ѩ
ѩǣѩ覣СΪ˷ܣô󣬻ǵһοѩ
üͷ
Ҳ˲˵ʲôԽԽߣĵһӴޱȵѩɽ֮ϣֲϢԶɼ¥Ӱζâ˺ѳա
ѵǺšд󺧡
ɲС㣬ԭˣڵţȷһ²⡣
ţԪ½ǿɣ֮ظǳѩļ֮ĵطԪ½ѵһģ׷ֱ
ڿػѩʱͻˣΪžǣʮ֮ңĸоղһߣƺҲû߶ԶôܿԽʮ˺ŵĵ̡
ǰһУ岻òһʵ
ҪȥţѵǺŵǿߣѰ˼ţûʵĻᡣ
ڵĵطͽ˺ŵľ䷶ΧȴʼûдţǺŵǿߣԼҵȻᴥ
ǵϺŵ˺彥ĸоԾˡ
ŵ˶ŭһҪǵ⣬ȴǿǣ߹Ϥĳ˽ϣЩſķӦǺεơ
Ǻŵˣôܱʡ
С㣬Ǻŵ𣿡ٶȲ죬ϽѯС㡣
ţʲôҲ֪ûСԥ
һʱףԼĲ²ǳ˴Ǻŵˣ֮ܲΪ¡
忴ǵĴڣӦһǿĹ
ǵſʵ΢ȻѲӰ죬ǿĺŰ
вµҲֻӲͷƤȥԸºͣСоҲΪѾ˺ţзӻ뿪Ļ
С㵹ûʲô仯Ȼˡ
Ԫ½Ķ֮Ӻɨ£ǿһʱһδ٣Ҷֹ򣬺ˣʣ֧˰Ҳȥʹú˥ٲǿ֮ˣʮǰŵŽ֮λǬڼȵúٶǿʢȻȲǿ֮ʱ֮ȴҲ޿ɵֵԪ½ĶҲԸ׵ĺš
λţֱ֮Ϊŵ֮ʱ죬ǿޱȡ
Ỻ˵źŵʷҫԼļʶΪԼΪѷ֮⣬ŲǺǵġ
Ȥ溬ЦݣĻһ䡣
ĿɿڴȻĻ˻ӦЩϲݣȴҲе
ѵ˵˵ĺŵĿ£ڷֻȤ
岢֪ʵˡ
ѭ˶ҪһδܽԪ½ǺεɶԺһ֪ģҲûбҪȥ˽⡣
ŵ˥ڷҲͽȤһ۰ˡ
Ǩ׺ɣ仯ʵ̫졣΢΢п
ŵ˵ǲ˴仯һӰ
ڱĴ磬ɵĺӣĺܱǧ꣬ʢ˥ΪģΪûսǿ߳֡
Ȼڲ˴磬ȴһ
˴ֳٷչƣȼԷ˼ٶţӳڲ˶Уǿ߱ͬԴԴ
µǿ֮߳죬֮࣬ʹúʢþͼ˥䣬Ϊսǵǿߣ̫ĳˡ
ı仯ڲ˴ÿһ䣬ʹò˴ĸʱ̷仯ţ൱ڱĴݱʮã׺ɣǡ
᷽ĸп˵ĽŲδ߽ͣ˺š
ŵһظ֮ǰ˵ľ˿ҲԽ𺳣о˷Ԥϵǿ
뺮֮ǺεȾ硣
һľڡ
Ȼ۾ɲǼ䣬类ϵ绷ơ
Զβһ𡣡ӻͳ
Ļ£ҽյĴҲǱ˿СʩʩȻ˽
Ŀ΢Ȼ룬⾲ҵĴŲܴ򿪵ģ䷨ĻϻᴥڵؽƣɱˣϾ֮Ļ
ȴһƣûκַڣͨͨƿһţ⣬ڵؽƣȻһ㷴ӦûС
βоʶǰǰδеǿС
ЩǣӷϣûиоκεɱҲûκΣյĸо
Ŀȥڷйرˣȴȫͨ⿪Ĺ򣬿渺˵һ糣
ֲ⡣
ԼǶԷ˾ԶԼȻ˵һ糣ô£
ѵ˵ûˣҲ԰پҿҲӦ
ҲǱסӡ
öˣûʲô¡ȤĿһۡ
ѣ֪ǰλȻһλԪ½֮
~
΢䣬ͺһб˵ĺâֲӿŷѹȥ
ǿҵİȻ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪Ǻεŵ֮ɱȨ֮ϣԼǳģĻᱻһ̬͸ס



1592 ȥ
Ц
Ϊ˭
ʲôͷȼҲǰ԰ڣơ
ŭĿ䣬ŷͬһ㣬ֲͬˮӿ
áǻһֲֿĺգ޷͹âǵأƺ̼䣬ܽžһΪƽء
ԷǺŵ֮˵ʵ֮ӶضãԪ½ĶԶԶʵ;磬ǰ˵ˣһµͷ𣬾ͻᱻɱ
СͣƱŵһҶˡ
Ψһ侲ֻзһˣֲĹе¶ָȤɫ
ûֵ
˭ܸӦغǿ󣬲׳ֻ֣صӰ£ת۾ͻĴڣˡ
ǰˣЩ⡣
Ǻŵ֮ʵǿ󣬶η壬κ˳֣ҪǣûĴڡ
ⲻΪˣҲΪûпֹ
е˼ϧҴ˶֡
֮ʣͻȻƽƣңң¡
ֻȥͨͨƣɲǼ۽磬ƺضһֻƸӻĺֻǰСͬһ
ԴݻپҵĿֲһ£ȫصڡ
ŵ~
¶Ŀ־壬ݡ
û뵽Ȼµ˵ز
һƵĹҲͰˣڿķ룬ؼЩڣȴû˵ֺݿԼҲһ㡣
鼺˳ƷӡЩӷӲ㡣
˵ͺͨ졣
ʣʵȻԶ
㵽˭һȻп־壬ûʧȥ硣
ԷֳĿֲʵɱĻͶˣûа㷴ء
շ
ţҴĿĲǿˣ˶ѡ
һֻ׵ĸоΪ˿Լʹ뺮ŵĽأ
ҿӣɶûз˵ĵ
Ҳסҡҡͷ޷ⷽΪΪʲôܽ뺮ȴˣΪʲô֮ǿȴû˵㡣
к棬嶼˶䡣
䣬˼ҶҡƳһۣһ⣬㵽һĸ߶Ⱥ󣬾ͻ֪ˡ
֮⣬ӣûʸ֪˭
Դŭ뵽֮ǰֳʵȴò
ǿˣһ߰ɡתߣûаƺⷬǰľΪ˿һۣڿˣȻҲûȤ
Сæϡ
ǡЩͣе㲻ţô׾ˡ
һͿ˾ңŵ˵ӶʱӺ󣬻æ
ûпӺȵȻԽ˵ȥԽͣЩĻ˻֣ˣû¡
תص˾ң𽥸ã֮ɫ
ƺûܵһΪʲô龰Ҽǲˡ
ˣ紩ںڣ֮ͷ˳ҵӣղŻԹʱȴˣڲ뿪ӦڶԷڡ
ָо֮Ҳǳصζ
˼Ҷ𣿡˼һ·ϵţԷ˽⡣
ò˵
صǿʵ˭ڣһƣʹоͳ˼ȵ𺳡
һжǿֻܿ϶ʵԶ֮ϡ
Ҫ֪ӿǺŵ֮Ԫ½ĶȻ㲻ǿߣȴҲվ۷֮һ
Ȼڷǰһɼǿ󣬶ӲʶҲƷˣԪ½ǿߵĲ²⡣
С㣬ǴģС㣬ûбܻ䷽
֪ôʶûУĻҲֹδػش⣬С㻹Ǻܺ˵ġ
ӺϹҴӴߵģǲˣڲҲֻ̫֪Ǵ˺ܴܴĺ󣬲С͵ʴӱҲ֪ʵʲôĻش
ǰһͨСȻ磬˻룬ͺͼʶ֪൱ޣڸ˷һʱպ󣬱߱ѧ۽𽥿ǶҲûһĸ
ԣȴѾ㹻ˡ
ȻСԱ½أ˵ǴӲ½ġŹʡ
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½
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ȻͨȻ־ԶԶͬˣһżȻĻУҲ˽⵽ĸ֡
֪ǺεȵС֪Ԫ½ҲʲôҲ֪˲˴һΪߡ
½ǿԪ½½棬£ԶԶƲǿ
˵½֮׵Ĳ½ԲΪȻȥһЩ½ҲԶǿԪ½
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ڷߵĺô忪ʼᵽ
ܷǣκһټĺŵǲġ
巭źŵĵ伮۽硣
̰֮ˣ¸Լ׼ǳ̫δĻŵĵ伮ٺãҲᶯġ
ʵϣΪһΪδҲ׼һɣȻܸӵĴݡ
ŵĵ伮ǶеģһŲѧǼȡеĸ֪ʶԭ
ţЩ֪ʶԭԼȫ֮ܽ봺꽣ߵĲΣԭͨĴ꽣ȴǻΪ棬֮ͳ˴Ź
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ĳŵʹ֪Ҳġ
˹伮⣬˿ȡСҲһǷԼҪĵ伮һָջҲǼ
վһԣԺŵĵȴǺȤһ¶Ƿȵ˶ջ󣬾ʹ뿪
ʱҴңȥ
һ
Ƶ۷ϣֶɽԣƻƣеͬˣ˵ζ
Сվڷһԡ
һŷ߱ϵرСִһ꣬ľԼ˽ָ㣬ʹ۽翪ɳǳ֮죬ȥѾһС꣬ճʱۣȫˡ
òûʲô仯ȴԵԽ죬淢Ķš
˵ջǴľˡ
ڷ棬߱˲˴½κһɴڡŴ壬ĵ伮ʶ۽֮ᳬľʹ˵ȥ¶š
һԲ½忴ŷıӰ
½Ψһûȥģǲ½ˡ
г˳羴
һÿʱỵ̈嶼ܸܵغǿÿһξˢԷ֪ͬںµӴɽԼģԶֻһǡ
˵ģһڱ½жܰ쵽
Ҫ֪Ĳ˴磬ͲǰĲ˴磬ȼļʹȶ
߽֮ʱҪ׾٣Ȼڣһ켶ǿߣ밿ڤڵʮ룬ͬǰǧ֮ңȴɿһˡ
ͨ󣬳˲½ˣ벻ġ
ûĳ壬վ۷֮ϣȥɽӾ۵ס
ǰһƬСС򣬷Ŀ͸˿ռʱ½½ҲΧǵģ岼ڶδ½
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ÿһ˹Ӧһˡ
Ϊɫ֮ˣһڣ඼ˣЩҲвͬкƽ֮Ҳиոճ໴Ӥһ㡣
С壬ȻҲС
ĿٴȥһΣЩ˹ȫݱ䣬ԣߣ֡
ͬǿݻɵҲͬȻߣž֮ϵʹԴֳ׳Ƴ֮ˣûһ⡣
һ֮˻ļǬãҪ׳ƳǰԻĳͻȻڡ
ǵ£ҲǲңȻ³ƷˣųƵ֮ţδ
վ̫𡣡ҡҡͷ
ҲգҾ͸һᣬͿ֮˭𣬺ɨ°ɡ
ڴţһƽʢĵ
΢Ц˵
ںܡ
䣬ؼ䶸Ȼһڲ˴ÿһ˵ĵͬһףεļ
~
ϣǰδеǱģ֮ˣݻǷҡֱϣֱ
СҲ⣬ûɵĸоһɣƺѹϵĴʯŲߣָоתۼţ˻Ǵ
ɴ۾𺳡
ڷ˷һһֶû©
˵ֱⷬûˣҲûߣָ㽭ɽԾͬǳ˵ΣȻ˵ȴȻȻ·쾭һ㡣
뵽ı仯Լغǿ循˼㣬µ˷ݡ
˵ʲôСգգ۾¶
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ЦЦûлش𣬶ǻعЦЦĿһۣǸңҲһ˰ɡ
ǡ幧֡
޲ɢ֮ϯǵԵѾȥɡ
һæ̧ͷҪ˵ȴûᣬ͵һơ
~
ХȽ̤ʵصĸоʱæ۾ȴԼصԪ½ǡ
ȻȻλϵĴڡ弤Ļ
һ֮£һ½Ƶһ½صǣͨȫǲģ˴֮󣬿Ҳֻһλ
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һǣڶ࣬ʱмſӳ߳ĿɨͻȻ˴ŵ塣
عӣ㣬һδǺ⼸ſϲæ˹꽣ǷʧһҲ
԰عȥ
ҡ
죬ȴԺйڷļѸٵȥֻЩۼһڵջãûκıƸ
ҰȥһԶĵطЦȻʧ



1593 ½
С㣬أ
벻ؼȥ
һ󣬷תͷС㡣
۷ף콾û׼һֱԼߣСԼ̨Ҳٹ¡
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֮һ֣̫ͱĩˣˣŰͻǣ֮ҲСͻز塣
ؼ𣿡
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ڲʮһ꣬Сͻڸĸ֮ǵ͸ŷϴˣһ嶯͸ŷ˳ȻûʲôڵģҪ˵ǲܵġ
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Ҳգٸһ̰ɡÿɷ񣬶С˼Ҳ⡣
С岻һ
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㣬СҪ߳࣬ȻҲǽĳɾҲˡ
δܴﵽ̶ֳȣҪԼŬԡ
߰ɡ
ƮС뿪˴˵ء

ϰϰ滺ȥԿһɫΧƽ˾ͬһĻ
һҶ۳˷ˣǰš
СվڴͷԶľɫоǺ棬ڲ˴߹ôطҲ֪ȹ˶٣Ȼĺȴǵһο
Ϊ߷Եʣĺˡ
½һģıߺ粨زͬһ䡣
ҪȥģȻǲ½
Ž뵽½ĺ򣬷粨ƽдˣǴ˵صĶɫҲԳ˲½ĳλ
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ʶģϤģѣȴ󲿷ֶڲ½ڲ˴𲽣ҲҪ˵ǲ½ˣҲ޲ɡ
˴ӿ׺ɣ仯ļңȻܵӰСģɾǲ½滹ŷϤ˺
Ȼ֮λʱȣȴ췭ظı仯ˡ
뵽¶ֹŹ֮ɫ
˳Ƕ컻أ˴һΪߣ½ΪģΧޱ޼ʵĺԼ岼Ĵδ½ĸ֡
Ȼ컻صĶ̫ǣ浽磬һһϦɵģҲǶһ֣ͽлѩƣڲ˴ʱ̫٣ҲûǸлѩ˵ڶ֮󣬸ȫˣټעʱգ˴ѳɣûб仯ϸϣȴ˲Сı䶯
ֱ䶯ҲҪڲ½½Ȼվɡ
½Χĺ򣬷ƽ˾𣬾֮һ
ı仯ڲ½֮ϡ
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ǰƽߵľͷһӴĴ½ֳ۵ĺӳ˵۽硣
ǲ½
СһģȵĻǾ֮أϵĵλ
ȻĿ⣬ԾԾԵͶ½Ҫķ羰ϣȻӴ˹֣ʱȴһţɪɪᡣ
С󺧣Լ·𿴵ԶĲ½ϣâ𣬻һӴޱȵĹâ֮½ڹâ֮޴ɽ̧¶ǺȻһֻצȫ
ע⵽СĿţֻĿ˹ڿϵʱͻȻ¶ŭɫͷһ
һ¡
˹˲СҲһƨڵأɫ԰׵˼㣬ȵƽٶȥʱȴâ֮ˣǻþ
Ǻǣ֮ᣬ½ȣǱ¡֪ôһ¡
ǰĲ˴磬ǼģԲΪȻȥڲ½ϵˣȵ½ӣҲʹǿ߱꣬һԾΪǿһ½ʵ
ǿƼȺͣ²ͨҲ念ҵ˵ʢˣۣڻ˹ˣջش½
Ǵӱ½ˣ½᲻ĸоη쳯Ϲһĸдȫܵѹơ
ԽǿߣܵѹƾԽ
СʵȻ㲻жǿˣȻͻִܵǰ֣С˾ͿɼһߣȻС˵Ҳʲô⣬ֻҪԶ룬˺ܿͻָڱܵ£ҲԶԶ롣
£Сͽ˲½ȻڲʲôѰ
ңҡСȻ֪Щ飬Բ½ǿҵĿ־壬޲ԽԶԽãǰڴʧ
ЦЦСģɷӡһˡ
ףҡ
С־ϲͻȻ͸оǺɵĿ־ʧʱһµӵͷŪô£ȴҲ³ˣ뷽һйء
л˷һŲ½Ѹʻȥ



1594 
ۻǰУΧ˼Ҳ𽥸֣ΪЩ洬СǸпҡ
ҳĻȻ̫࣬ڲĻò˼꣬ҲῪʼָҵ﷫ոһյĿȻ֪飬ʹûзҲӡ
СĵûĶںƽȫ赣Ķӵĺˣ˳ĴֻҲùӴǵıۣҲ̫ס
֪СһССıۣȹͻһģˡ
˳ųڣʻ˴󽭣ϣٶȱ֮ںʱȴҲ˶١
ǵ룬ԣҲ̳ҵƻ𣬺ӵڣҲǾ˳µ̴ֻһ㡣
ɫ𽥻谵ǻ㣬Ұһţ˺쳾
⣬⡭ΧĻ˾׵ķΧС죬ȴԼȫ֪˵ʲô
ǲǺ֣еĲ½ͬЦЦһ۾ͿС롣
Զԡ
Сͷ
½һֵֺĸоȴֲ֪ݣҪ˵ͬִ
ڣ˵֡
Сһʴӱһ͸ϸ룬ʱȻ
˵ûķζ̫Ũˡ
ڷ棬߹̫طʶַ飬ȴûһطһ
񣬾ŵģȫͨһ
е˵
ڷȻǷס
СµûдĿǰģеļСһ֣ǼһҶ֪£طҲˡ
ĵطͬڣΧ
ߵ͸ķ桢εΣȷһ켶ǿߴսѡ̳ܵĵطУ⣬ĪѣӰ쵽Ƶˡ
ֱ磬ɴս
ǿ֮䣬֮սӰΧһУֻ£ûдͨˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻ콵ֻܵǿıӻ£űȻŬţΪǿеһԱԼˡ
ֻµķأɱȣĳЩ汻ķŴͲ⣬ķ
Ȼ½߲һǿģķЩǿ߷뿪Ĵ磬߷Χ죬˵ĸдȫͬ
СһĶǱӰŵķ˲½Ȼͻ֮ܵͬ
ܳ׷Ӱ죿Сɴ۾˼顣
ǿǣ½ǿһ½һЩͨˣЩݺصǿأȥ
ûг׷ıҪҡҡͷְˡ
֣ǲ½ĸı䣬½ͬ
̧ͷȥԿ֮һӴޱȵĴ½Χƣ·Ĵ½֮ϡ
߼Ĳ½һֻеһ֡
һΪ˼䣬һΪ硣
Դḻңʺ֮أ˲½ǿߣ˼ͨ˵İ֮ء
ǿͨ˻ӣǰӰߵһϦĵط˰ҵ˵ʢء

ڲ½Ȼ
֣ͺ̶ܴϽ֮žǿߵӰ콵ͣͨܰҵ⵽Īֻ
ȻҲû˼䳹׶Ͼ֮֮·ͨţһһĳ̶ȣͱ޷
ң½Ȼֳ˼ȫϾġ
ǿߣȻ½磬Ϸ˼䣬ѡͽȵȣȻ޲ܵϸأҶ˼ƻˣϾͻᱻѹɱ
ϾӵˣҲסﰡа⻰ȴû˵
˴Ǹ߼磬ͬ񻰹ɽ磬ֺôǵļѣԸģǨ˹
ЩԸģȥ磬ҲвԸģ˼䣬
лѩҲǿǵⷽأŴ˼֮أǿߵӰͣͨҲƽӡ
Ϊ˸õӦ˵صµļ԰ҲԴ½һЩı䡣
񣬲½˼䣬ϹŴ˵ֳ˶ľŴݣ߾ϣ֣귢չʹò½ıڶ磬ûԭĲ˴Ӱӡ
ޡС˵ͷƶǶ
˵úá
һ̾ͻȻӲԶ谵ҹɫһӴӰʻ



1595 ½
ͻأСһæѭȥȴûκα仯Ͳ˶Էĵûʲôֵġ
ϣһӴ¥ʻϵƿͨԿװվżˣķ羰ʱվǰһλӣʿĴ磬¸͸֮һ֪Ǳʫ֮
ʱĿ˹
û뵽ƺװϴ磬֪ƼУʦ˳ϲҡɫ죬ȻǸոʹƣָûˣżּ٣˵ŵԲʢƵ
Ҳ½˳Ϧʱǿ֮ս˵˥֮ǷҲǱζķݴ֮𡣡
ǼСһǧҪμأǿ
˵תͷȥԴӺ߳ļŮȳѵ
ǣ˼֮һŮϴЦݣӭĻ˭ܿķ֮⡣
ȴûз֣ҲǾӦٶۣץס⼸󱲾һͨ˵̡
˽п಻ƽϲ˵̵ڴ˻ᣬžƾǴ˵˵Ʋѡ
ҲûȥĴ½˵ݴһ޶֪Ҳǵ;˵ˣ档һλС꣬ȥֻʮ꣬ǲ˵̵ͣһ˵ͷޱȣҲǣҲǣ̲סСһ䡣
ȴû
ܣ졣Ůӵȳһ䣬ȴˡ
𾴵ý㷢겻˵ʲôϣҲǲҵ涥ײ֮ǰһ
ߣˣࡣеԹȫһеķСȥˡ
ǰһƳ䣬ȴǽϵ۵ף֪˵Ĵڡ
ȻȵǣһȥȴϿտޱȣϰϰıۣ̲ס
Ůһ㶣Ҳע⵽Ŀ⣬ռŵĽʱҲ΢ĿѸƣſ˳ڱ֮ϣ֮ת۾û˳ҹɫʧ
ǸӦĿ⣬ϵ꣬ͷƳһۣȴĵףûŮ̲סһݡ
ȻָоתۼţҲԷĲ룬Ǽ
û뵽ȻϷ糾ǿˡŮаɫ䣬ȴûʲô֮ɫû׷ȥ
¥ػУΪ˹ۿ羰ٶȣĻᱻ¥׷ϣڷټѳ¥˦˺档
Щ˺ˡԥ£С㽫Լ۲쵽Ľ˵˳
֪Լֵܷʵ᷽ˣƺ뷽֮ǰ˵Щһͬǵ
ʼӦǸͨˣûκϢĺ󱲣ȴӿŲ׵Ӧ֮ʿС˵
ףʶʵȴ㲻Ȼܿ
˵ûǼ˵ȷʵˣҺγ˵֮˼κһ²ܳʲôһ˼£棬ʲô¡Ҫ֪ͨҲҪǿ֮·ģϣͬܶϾˣ֮˼
Ȼ˼չ˼䣬࣬ռλģɻͨˣ֮ʿ
٣֮Ѱĳڴ˵־֮УڳߵģƣЩˣЩȴ˼֮ڡ
뵽˵ϵ˵ʱ½ơ
֣ڲͬ磬˴˼ٻн
Щǿߣ֮ˣڳټ٣ɽ󴨣߸ɴֻڴ棬ڳԾģ൱ɵ棬ͨ˴ӰҪСˡ
Ͼ׵ĸҲʲô£Ҫ˿ͨС
Ŵ壬ͬ˼䣬ȻӰԶԶ½ˡ
˵żһССĲۼؽС
û˵ĿĵغڣСէϡͿȫƾţиں档
˼䣬ֱΪݴأֳɾŴݣǿ纣ؽ룬ʱڵģǽϷ֮صݡ
ģС㷢ЩԾ
ӵĴֻҲڶ࣬źʻһ󴬣˫󴬴ķ˷ӿȴûƷڵıۣȻƽأҴϣ
ԶˣϡܵĿңңͶ
ԭѹһеԾСȻô£ͳڣ˶ǵעϡ
˵䣬˼Ҷҡ
仰СտʼǲģţרŵĽͣȴˣҲϰϰߡ
ڣȴʧˣ˼ǣȴʼ⣬ģȴᵽеĲͬϰ˵ȴҪٶ⣬С㻹е㲻ϰߣһӲӦ
ѵ˵˲½ҲʧЧ𣿡Св²⣬һӣǲȥѯʵģΨִ˷ùͷ
½⣬ʿ֪ǰ˱һĻСҲûеˣǲҲһأСв²⡣
չ𴦲ͬ
֪С룬ʹ֪ˣҲͣȥֻصӰ죬Ϊ֮ȴΪ½ԵʣСһȴǲ¶ˣԷ˵ȷʵڲͬ
ţ
СͻȻһǰĺ۴ӵӵһ𣬾ǰǵĴֻҲ޷뿪
ʲôʲôÿ
ʮ𼱣ϵҹȥ
󵨣ٿΣȾ

ŭڶʲôﶼУɼ·Ͼ˵ӰǺε֮һδҲͰˣ̴һ죬ǻӰ쵽ģ˵صĻ᲻
ȥô¡С˺ģ׺Ӷʱ΢ż΢㣬ڽ㶯縡ƼѸٶȹ棬˸һϣҺǵλñȽƫƧ˲࣬»䶯
ûãСʹ̽ϢˣȻԣеŪ֮⣬չ黹ʶģʱûôˣ;һ󴬣Ȼ˱ϣԲͨģһ󾪺ȴҲڴˡ
ǰĴ󽭲ӿ׸ߣһȥͷЩ˶
С㽫ԼϢ˵˳
ϵĴֻȻûкộ׷ˣԽ֮㸲˭Ҳðķգû˻
ö˶˵ģôᷭСʮơ
ϢƽȻҲˮļֻҪСĵȴҲûзΣգڣȫ߱˵ѾкüҲ;ĴֻҪðնɽȴһǷסˣԽ׳һ
ǵһ½ǰһ֪ɽϴӷ֪ϢСȴĲ쳣



1596 
ˡ
赭д˵һ΢С¡
ԣС˼Ȼ֪飬ȴҲоؼĪӴʮޣǷƣΪԼĴ
ߣôĿ
һмӽϴСѭȥʱ΢΢һ㶣һӴ¥ʻվˣǰ뺣ڸˣʱȴڼװϣֻǻŮӡˡ
ʱ˵꣬ǳĲ
¥ٶȻȴҲԶԣϷûרŵĿģͣͣǱǰ׷
˵ʲôСŭĿУĵλϵģݵɡ
һ˲ٵССŭĿԲɣȻɣȴҲ겻Сѹ
š
ԭĵĻŮĿ΢Сϡ
ԷͺСȥԼСĵܻܵҪСĶ࣬ŮҲûʲôעЩģǷˣû뵽ʱŲСӾȻҲǲͬ졣
ŮӵһЩ
ͿɼܿСԷĹ̬ȣȻȻĽǵͣһСС˶˷ɣοˣԷӳ̶ٶ
ܡֹҪ༥꣬Ůŷ˱ȭԸ嶯ð֮º飬δ̸¸մ
շڵĿ⵭һɨ飬΢΢ͷ㲻̳һǸСѾͷ츳
¥ϵĿɿڴǿɵһŷ
ţǷŭ
ǺεǼе֮ӣδɾͲεˣҲ档
ڣ˰飬ڷУȴֹòۣҿӣʮֵǿֿĿ·βը˷ΣͰ಻ס֡
ҲʮֲãҷղĿɨȫ½Ա͸ĸоҲЩȻԷǳ£ҲԸ£Լˡ
ͬΪı
˫ͶҲԸһת¥һͷ뷽档
㣬С̫ĿˣҾͲţʲô˲Ĵܿľ츳Ҫ֪磬ͬȵҲûмˣʲôߵԣŭܲ˵ģ鱻衣
һ鷲ף˵㱾£Ҳˡ
˿ɲʲôסҡҡͷҲͰˣҾңαȥ˵Ŀ
ۣʱȷʵЩҲƽˡ
ЩģǷСѾͷ֪ʲôǶԷڹŪ飬Ŀʲô
ľᡣ
ǵıãС㶼޶á
С˵ûа֮ſĻˣңˣ˵ľĿ˵ʲôǾʲô
Ȼ⣬еЩп
û뵽Ȼǹ֮󡣡
ʱȻһۿǵĲǾþ˼֮Ҳûж룬Ǹոյ΢̽ȴЩ⡣
ЩˣȻϵĺˡ
ǸСѾͷΨһѪǼΪʺ֮壬ȳ󣬼ǧϼš
ȥҲΣһаҲͷˡ
֮壬ָ˲˴ٷչĻƽʱڣϷлѩӦɳ˳˳ˮûжĿҲһɳ죬ֲȥľ
ԭϾѪҲ￪֦ɢҶʢ
Ըοе֮ˡ
֮ǰ˵ô£С˹Ҳ˷µĻ䡣
󽭵δսӰԶɲǱ½ֵĻѰ·ˡ
СԣŴȥȻʲôû
ҲǺģٲս˫׽֮¶ǰͱɱˡ
Ҳͺһˡ
¥ϣҲ̸ţȻΪʲô󽭻ô
һӣٲ֣ͷ£ѹֱɱ鵭
ѵ֪أ˼Ҷ֣ڻ֣ⲻ𣿡겻˼ͷʹҲҴ
˭֪Ѫ֮ˣ۾ɡ鵹Ǻ֣չǻǣԼͻҷˡ
ߣǿ߸˼ĺҲ֪쵰ҽ֣Ӱ쵽Խƣ˵βʢһŭԴ˳ŭɫ
ԻеͥŹκһ֮ˡ͵֪ԼλЩףϲǿ߸˼ʹ
ɫÿ٣סһͨ˵̡

ˡͻȻ̧ͷ󽭵ΣӴĹâһһڣڼײţÿһײܵر䶯·Ľ˲ˣ۴С
Ȼ
ϴǳĹ׾ٵĴŹâĽ棬֮ӰסһȦȦƣʱսӡȫ
ջأһص񷡣
̷ǳĿ죬תۼ䣬ҵԴͷͱ죬˼Դһֵܲˣָ
Ŀȥ˹Դͷâ纣ҫŷߣâȴѸȥ¶һ鷽Ĺܱߵɽ˼󡭡
ĵײ׭̳֣ˡ
ǲ˴Ľ
ȻһССĹȴܵһ֮ѹ緶Χڵκˣлѩִƣȴά½ƽϣҲǲܼκһ½֮ˣʱӦԣѹɱ
ͬתƫ˽ʱ̴ڡ
Բ½˵תͬڣѹɱͬͷ½֮ͷϣǲĴҡ
ضԣȡͬж
һʼǻ𼶵ƻ̽٣ֻɱߣڳͷ죬˲Դ˼˵һ꣬߿磬û̫Ӱ졣
㣬˫ʶĿڶԷɵӰӽ߳ƺ󣬲Żѹ
ڶǵĴύǣͽ䣬κһˡ
ǵְ𣬽ģҲû˳ƺΪˣĶΪͥ
ͥȻ⣬ִת
ɣ棬ǽƾЩеģˣԱ½ɡ
ø˼䣬ɡ
Ҳֻб½֮˲Ż᷸ˣ׶ðͥϣ
ϾֹΣ



1597 ֱ
½ǲ˴ģҲ½ڴ֮أ߻ִܵȻȻҪԶ룬һǿߣûôŨĻǲ̫ģԽ½
ȻΪ½֮ˣԻܵѹƣˣ½Ҳ½Ŀе쳯Ϲ֮ء
ˣ½Ļ˼ޣֱӽ磬˼䣬ȻҲ½磬ȴҪ鷳ֱ࣬ӽ˼ģȴǱܰ쵽ġ
ɣ棬˵úą̃Ȼͬ죬һ䣬Ƿʡ˳˼һ塣
Էȫ࿴ˣԭΪżõ֪Ƽһɶû뵽ӶģͲǽˣš
ѵһ٣ֻĵҲЩ󱲽ݣ˵Ļȴǰ㶼ͬͬţٵĽ̻ûа壬˵һȻζˣɴ˹û뵽ȴôһ䣬۾Ծ䡣
Ʒ֪ǧ٣Ͷࡣ
ЩˣеˣһϧߵͷҪȥͷ̸һѧ
СġͻȻɫ䣬ˬĻعͷ׼ǳһ䣬žˮ죬һѪڴӽԾ𣬳ݺҧĻȻǶϳص³
һѣһҲ˶΢Ȼǳԡ
~
֣ΪһâѪһնΡ
ǽ׵Щ֣ǷˣϮࡣδȻûȻʶȴһ㶼
˶֣նħȵ
ʱѾ˾䣬ӿһֻֻ׾֣ƴĹŽбµڶബֻת۾
С㿴ԾԾԡ
ְɡ˵ͷ׿
СϲóǰȵõľһԾһֻϣڽ׾ֵķ񹥻£ֻҡҡ׹Сһ̤Ҵʱ͵һȶЩ޷СеľΪһâŴֻһȦˮӿһɹѪľľ֣ȫǣմżż
ֻܿΣҲ˲˵л⣬Сϸһҡ
һߣҲжǵ϶࣬Ȼ⣬˶С㣬ɱ¾𾫹ȴҲ˶١
ֶ˺СĶĿƽ
ΧľҪιûȿֱӷǣ˺СܼĵطĿȥˮľ֣ҲϢķ顣
ò˶ãⳡѵĽ׾ֱͱƽϵ˳ܵ㾪źͲʧ⣬
ⳡֻһ㶼⡣
ֲ½ܵ棬ҲкôЩֵ
ȻЩֵʵߣвͨˣӰ󣬿˼նħΪεڣҲʵ˾ˮˮ
һΣ֮ԻᱩܵλǿսӰ죬кܴһ־֣֮Уȴλǿߵս޷棬òӵĺӵδȵ˱ѹߺ̽ǻŭתΪΧ˱û뵽ȴײǹϡ
ֱܾûгɹӰڣһϼ
λǿߣԭأټһʣΪЧȣǵɱĽκνҡ
΢΢ҡͷ飬ǾȡҲֲñˡ
~
һâ¥Ӱ࣬˱ˣ¶毺õա
Ѫת˼£ŵâҫÿ쳣ЩâԼԸӦΪµĸδ
̳Ѫ
꣬뷽һһ˿ӶʹУһ˿̫Ϣ֮
ѪŨ񣬼̳һ̫֮ԣȻͺʵԶԷӳȴҲſɹ۵δԷŻһ㲻ۣˣ벻˷ķۡ
ˡȻˡĿȥϣСıۣͳŻ֮ƮȻԶȥܿͽ˴󽭣˲Ϣ
һ㣬ȴǵ¥ġ
ǰɱֵʱעС㡣
СʵȴףԾȻɲ⣬֡
ǵʵһС㣬Ҳܾȫˣָձǻᣬоͽˣ֪ȴûκΰ취ֻһһ
ʵȴǣľȫûϵȴһû
Ȼþܽ͵ģȻڰг֡
ܲܣԼλϲľ֣ȥҲֻܹᵽͷϡ
壬ǵĳߣʶԨһҪ룬
һʱüЦߴ١
ƺΪСѾͷշǰһЩʵ
ųǾ仰ںϳ֮ˡ
ƺΪСѾͷüͷƺ׽һ˻еģұȻһλϹҪĴ
кܶˣݶڴ󣬿ǲΪСѾͷôеģҲһЩˣǧϼŵǼλûһշ
ѳζǣ֪Ĳ˴ǿ߾һ飬Ҳûҵ֮ˡ
ȻǴţ𣿡΢΢˿
ΧٷŴĻһˣһ㲻ὫǽȥͻȻ
˭ɫ΢
û˵ָָָա
ǡ
Щɻ˳ĻգȴʲôûУϾ׹ǰ
ѵ˵鲻ԺһϾ뵽һλ˵е
ʱѩףˡ
ǣϸĻ
һλȷʵҲշҲһԨԴǳǰȷʵҲСѾͷ졣
ԲԣǵòһæҡͷСʱ򣬰ݼڵʱҲǼĻģӡǳ̣ȴ͸ղȫͬ
ʲôһ
ɻˣȴûǵĶԻ
ʱҲˣ뵽һ֮棬仹ôлʵĳ嶯˵һ顣
ԣҲһҲû뵽Ȼпܣôͷ
ģԼЩ̫֪ˣֱ³ǰŪ󸫰Ц
ҪţǺεĻǼƽϣǲһλ֪أεǧϼ䣬ڳǧϼţҲǰʱһʿ֪ʱƾ˳ס
ˣҲʧȥģȵǻ﷫𺽣ϸ콭



1598 ֻ
С˷ܣľţζŷŵս
⻹һ˵ĺսǾ֣ɱҲûκ
ڽϷӶּֿԾɫҲƵĵš
ͻȻ
ǰеٶȻС㾪ѹǵһɿڡ
ҪϰˣСȵ
ԶޱĿһۡ
ԣСʱͷȥ࣬͵˲ʳĵزԺȣСûⱾ£ǳĹؼʱڣҪԺá
Ǻʵ⣬˷лعСŷ֣ԼǼꤡ
ҲĶǳ䶯ʱͣ
һ뵽˴СȻ
һ¥СڵźƾȻŽԼļ⡣
ЩʳȤȴԤϵĽһӳʳСͷˮȴֲҷʡ
ֹһ
ͻȻСк棬̲סͷȥ쿴ֻһȥǳǵʿƵڵأΧɢһһС֣˵ģ޷ʿûǮסҪʲôġ
ˡ
棬¥ĵС˹
һһγεԪϣɫʮ㣬ĵС۾ֱ
ȥԡ£һ·Ȼʣµľ͹ˡָָϣ
СЦһԪԸǮϷԸ鶼´࣬еĶĶֱ࣬ϵڱһǽġ
СһԿĿɿڴʱЩ׹Ϊʲôôһˡ
ֻǣ˵ĽԪЩ֣û뵽ϣҲЩǮڱ½ʱ򣬱˶ӶԶǴҪ˵ģڲ½ȴȻһ
ȴִ֪;һ̴ġ
νǮƣ֣ڽϣ˾ֱΣ˳ߵҲӦ֮塣
ûãʿڵСĴ˹һװҲԳ˼־
ѧлϣлλĶ¡ʿǹһ񣬽ʳϣŲˣʹſˮӣȴǶ˺üƵġ
ҲΪƣָָŵλã
лϴϲæ̻Ƭ̲Լʧ̬˽ʳٶȣȵ㷹ϵʳﶼԹˡ
ԷС㣬лһж¡
ϣлۣ
һл֣лϲ¶֮ɫФڵ
а̾
лϣл۵ĺˣлۣǷ˴磬ǧϼ֮ʱһصĽ䲻ѣȴҲЩڡ
û뵽ĺˣȻˡ
лȻǽ𣬿ޣϲ˴ķչٶȣܿͱһ䣬ļ˥䣬ǧϼſ˫ĽշһȴҲûлҵ˥ܡ
֮նգǼʮˣ羡л۵Ľ飬ûô
ʲô㣿ʵ
ѧ׼ϾϿùҲýüлȻ
ÿɷ񣺡־Ҳ˵ʲôϾ֮ǰ㲻ȥһ콭ǧϼţл۵֣еô
˵꣬ټϻһԪСƮȻȥ
л׷ϲֻܳҾڵء
û˿һõСС̴ϷɳͶԶķڡ
ԵǣҪʼջʵ𣿡
ƽ
ɿڣڱ֮ϣ˳£ת۾Զˡ
ǧϼŻᰲźл𣿡С̲סʵϹӣ½Ҳǵһˡ
ǧϼ֮š
һ˵еǿɣռ콭֮أȻ⣬ʹǧϼţ˼
ȻС㲻֪ǣ磬ǧϼͬպգ˼俪ɵ
ӷлϵĶԻУСͲ³ǧϼйأαָȥǧϼš
ᰲţᣬлϵɡ⡣
лԺΣ޹أһָ㣬л֮ԵҲɴ˶
ǰ£Ϧʰ
΢΢п
ⷬΪ̣ʥĿ⡣
ʥǺǿ淨ۣʥӦŵĲ淨ֻҪʥȻһ淨˵Ĳ㡣
ͬģʮط۶Ӧ淨ʮطۣҲȻһ淨㡣
Ʈֻ֮أͣڵ㣬Ϊǲ޷Űˡ
Ҳһɾߵģط
ǳֻصĵڶ㣬ǿ£ʥյĵĲ淨֮䣬Ҳ޷Ĳ࣬£ڣʥһۿɿ淨ʲôʣı䲻ˣҲֲⱾʵĲࡣ
ֻص̣һ취һ֮ûô˾ֻҲǷͬСɣǿ
˿ֻص淨ʥ̫ᱻ
ǣһٶ÷òֻ辶
̵ĸֻ磬ֻģ²˴絮ˣҪ辶̣ͱԲ˴Ϊֻ磬̡
УҪĲǲ˴繹죬ģе̬˼󣬶ЩǸ߸ϵĹۿܸܵģУᣬã
ֻ磬ȻҲȱ飬ɺ磬űʵ𣬾ͬһŻô棬չ黹
ڷҪģֻأԶûһ̶ȡ
ҪһǶȳ
ȱپġ
ھһ̣ͷֻ̣ѹĬ֮ߵһС֣ȫͶ˴磬䣬ĵ򣬶ոµƬմȾ˼󣬹쳾ȫع֮ʱ̡
С㡢塢ƽ̵ϣŷµƬ
ֻǻԶûƵʱ򣬵ȵСǷӿ֮ʱŻᲹع飬СǶԣȴκӰ졣
۷ף콾
ˣ
Ҫ˵˭Բ˴ΪԶӰ죬ȻǷɣֻصĹУܲģǷԼ
Ϊ뿪˷ͲĲ˴ˣȻҲ޷Ƶ̡
ǰ£֣ǰԵǣֻزһӰ죬뷽йصϣҲ̵ƬܲҲܣ֮ʹ̸ơ
лԵȴ˺ϣʧҲΪлϵƬƣŻ÷״Ż¥
ֻأһһϦ£Ҫȴʱ
л֮£һʼˡ



1599 ǧ
콭
ǲ½еɽ󴨣羰֮أ˵˼ɾҲΪ
ӵλϣ콭ݷΧڣҲΪ֮ȴǧϼŸռȥ˵
ҲȻģݴػδ֣»ûоֵ֮ʱ򣬾콭ˡ
ʱ콭ǧϼţʲôȥᣬԲ˳˵ǧϼҲǿҲʹǧϼųȻ⡣
ǧϼŹɭϣ˼ϸִС
żһͽҲǧϼѸٴά˵ʢնħģҲʼǧϼŵһݣ˶ҲĬˣ͵ûôһط
콭Ȼ羰˼ɾѽ콭򣬻ᷢϰԭ̤콭ɼɽ
ȻգǧϼȴŵƽʣɽţҲ˳С
һԭͽŵ˷׷ǰء
ܶ˵
֯쳧˵

һԹЩ涼ǴԹȴΪͨ洦ɼǵĴҲûб˺϶١
̴ǰأҲǲǰɼǧϼŵĳȻλ
ǧϼźô磬ӣȻҰһƫڣŻŭӡ
Ҳ˷ŭ
Ҫ֪Ϊ֮ߵﲻ棬ܾ磬Ȼǧϼţȴȫӵݡ
˵ǰȥʹǰҲڲûܵӦеĴȻв
ϢŭԱһ̫æסӣСİš
ǧϼǧ䣬ش˵˼䣬ʱ˶ήٹءһ͵
֮⣬ǧϼŵĺȻдЩ˵ĵطˣʸȥ
һͣԴҲ𱰡
˵¾ˣҲõȥЦǧϼ˶һͬʰɡ
Ҳǿ㣬Ļʵ۲ûǰ˼ĻȨٴҲܲ˳ǧϼţαȡ衣
ûôǵļһҲһԣͬ
ɫĿۣԶʿ
йƤֻǸ߰ܵĶԴȴɵӣ£Ҳûκô
ҵ
һһ˽Ůˡ
ǣվǰ棬ҵģȴ飬ûаĿ
˳ԾǣЩ˲һûΪףһǧϼŵӵ£߽˺
ȫ󻩡
ǧϼд֮أѵ⼸Ҳˣô
ЩѾѳζǵ룬һң˰ȴ֣˼ļ壬ȻûһܶӦϣ뵽ǧϼŵ̬ȣֻܵóĽۡ
ֹûá
ǿȻ٣أ˲ϢĸоǰĻ֮ͬʱҲǿ
̧ͷһ޴Ĺâնͬǳ׹䣬ں֮С
·ˡ֪˭һ˶֮
еľǵһο·
ǰĳأҲ޾
ʵϣȴԶûôá
֣˼룬ȻҪ磬Ҫͨضͨģһطġ
ЩǰصǿߣǴʱٵֱͨӽ콭ͨȻжȶΪ˰ȫҲûбҲǵйâ㣬ͬǳ׹䡣
תۼ䣬һſž޴ǳ׹䣬ǧϼźһʱεΪۣҲ̾Ϊֹ
ɼ󡣡˸п
Ѿ˵ڲ֪ԼǺεȵԴ֪
˵ʵھǧϼȥҲȥЩ˵Ǻεȿ£ͬϯ붼˱

ǧϼź
ģǧϼŵĵӴڴˡ
˱һȽϿǰλãȻǵʵãɴңȴ˿ǧϼŵĹϵҪ֪ϵǧϼһʱյġ
һ˽٣Ҳ̲סип
콭䲻ǧϼ֮أȴ֮أǷֵʱ콭˼䣬ϾİȫԱϣڱƻʹǧϼβ⣬ҲϢĵط
ңЩûзǧϼŵķչ˳Ӧ˲˴ĸٳɳǿ߱Ƕʢһʱ
ֻ콭չǷεǧ䣬ҲǷ˼콭ҲȺɽ١
ȻͨȺɣҲһЩʵǿ˰ˡ
Щǰصǿ߶˵ǲбŪˡ
ҫƽ̡
˻ĵ
Ҷɢˡ

鿴һǿߣЩˣ޲ĴźպвǧϼģǱǧϼǿģҲ
Ǳǧϼ£δػ
ǧϼſɲһ
˵һλǧϼŵ̫ϳϣϵĵλͥҲǧϼŹϵС
ͥǿӹɵģִƲлѩΪڶѹκһˣκһ
֪ϵˡ˼뵽ڽˣĿɨȴûзֶԷ
ˡ
Щ䣬һ仰ѹ̧ͷһŻǳ׹䡣
ûôâ䣬Ȼǳ׹䣬ƺȼ
˵׹ǳô׹ģ̫
ϡ
ڣ˶վӭϵĵû⣬綥ǿ֮һҳɳͷˣδпܳΪǿҲδ֪
һŮ˽Ŀ䣬ͬŲĺ
ڡ
֮˶
ʦ档
ǧϼŵҲ񣬵꣬ڷİ°ǧϼţʹŻˣҲûʽǧϼţǧϼŵһԱ
΢΢ͷߵһϯĮǧ֮⣬ʹ֮ˣҲ⣬ֻڿʱв¶ů⡣
һĻɿЦ
˻ĪΪˣȴôһ£Ϊϸ˵ˣûѪԵϵĹϵ
ʱľĥӰ죬⣬ΪĮ
ҲϣͯĲʹأϺŬ֮壬˽츳ɫ֮ϲ˴ٷչĻʹ̵ʱһԾΪ˴ŵĶǿߡ
ȫ̸˵ʲôģԵҲܶϾùս˽飬طѪиڵ̥̳һѪҲҡ
Ѫ̳ȻȱݣԶȵĸ߶ȣϵѪͻˣҲǴﵽ˼ޣȻȣǲ޴
֮ǧϼŵǿҲ½
Զ¡Խ桭Լǧϼһǿߣ׷׽١
ǧϼŵǧ䣬Ҳʽʼ



1600 ȴ
ǧ䣬еķǳ˳
ͥɳϺҲﵽ߳ǧϼŵ۷塣
˶֪ǧϼͥϵС
˫Ŀգ²Ųʣ俪ʼûãͽ״̬Ҳʱù̬ȣʱڵ۷壬нյĳãΪ츳
Ȼ۾俴߹һۡ
ڡ
һ֪ȻΪѪԵʣ϶̬㲻λڵʵ̫䣬ǧ֮⡣
ҵϷ֮¼򵥵˵һ顣
˳ƺΪСѾͷշ֪ҵϷŪҵĻûпǽˣѯʵ
ɫ΢Ҫشȴͻһͣ½ҹȥţ飬
˵꣬鳯ǧϼȥ
ͳǧϼţϤҲ˴죬˿ܿ죬ʹһľͥ԰һһŮȴš
ʦԶʦ
ˣæǰˣԶŮұͳǧϼţǧ˿ƵԨԴ˳ƺΪʦҲΪ
˶֪ϵĹϵֻǵͷʾ£û̫׽
ոոң˵ܼ˷塣˵ʱϵг˼ﻹа棬ĿУױȵҪλุ֡
˵Ҳкüûˡ
Զпһ䡣
̫ϳϣҲ̫˦ƹˡĬĬһ䡣
ǸǲǷѩɡ
ѩҪϾϲ
ڷԵʣлѩŮĹϵܺã˶Ƶľһʡ
ѵ˵֮ͥվһԣҲ廰ȴĳƽ
һ̣еĸܵˣ̸Цк塢ް׶仰
⼸һǵ
˵ˣһ֮˴ϵĴڣлѩҲִ֮ͥŲάתλҲ
ǲ˴ĶǿߣԶŮԲһЩʵ㲻̫ǿȴҲǧϼŵҪλ硣
˼䣬лѩˡ
ĵȴûʲô˵󣬾ôƽƽĳͥ԰˸ûвĽ٣ֱϻϲӭȥע⵽һˡ
Խлѩе𺳾ԽϿлѩƺûж
վȴӦͬģһһһһǣϣ·ܿһޱ޼ʵĹâ֮
֮ͥԵ̾
ܳѲ˴磬˲лѩ
ѩ㣬Ļˣϵɴ۾һ۲գĿлѩģﻹһڡ
֮ͥͽǷްɣôһн㣬һ塭
˼롣
лѩһתԼɡ
˶һ
ʱһЦͻȻ𣬷ʩʩȻ˽߽ͬԼҵĵ̡

塣
㡣
֣ͬʱϸģһ飬û뵽ԼϵģľǷ
Ȼǰˣϵòͬһֱţͬһˡ
㶼ڼˣ޿䡣ЦЦϵԴ
ȻѾ󣬵СһľٶȴûаΥ͸С
ǰ϶ԶǵСѾͷΪЦһһЦԱߵ黳Σ⻹Լλ˪
ͥ԰һŲһ̸£顣
ǻ͵Ѿߣһźţƫƫûа㲻
겻϶ҵʧְ뿪ǰ
ַ壬д־򣬱ȻԶһ硣ҡҡͷ޲
壬£ǧϼнյʢҲοԶŮ
ǧϼнգ뷽ǷֲģȥҲˡԶ̾
Ⱳ£ʶ˷˲˴硣
˵ͷϣֻƬɳͶ˷ڡ
뿪󣬷лѩ콭֮⡣
ǸӰСأлѩ˿ܣȵ
жǿģ֪£ûдˡ
ȥˡҲ첪ˣȥʱҲʺϣҺڴָⷬ㣬ߵһ
Ҫн֮ˣû˵꣬лѩҡҡͷԣȻУɾ뵮ĺԶ
Ȼ֮Ļ׵λڶܵǻԵɺϣҪϰ꣬˴ҪλҪ൱ʱ䣬ڲ˴ĳɳҲһƽʢˣǿơ
˴ĳɳǰȷʵ˲٣ͬȣǿľˡ
ҲģϾ˴ԴӣǱĴܱȡ
ڳɳŻҲǰĸٷչܳ־ã˵Ļ׷϶綼ָտɴȻʵϣǲܵġ
ʥֶǷġ
ԴĻҪ벻ѣҷ²⣬ʮ󶥼磬ͶȹԴӳɳһ׶Σ˸ߵĲΣԶĲ˴ܱġ
أ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡лѩ׷ʵ
˴ǰ£ĲˣʣµһЩҪȴʱҲȥǱߵ˰ɡ
ˣҲδˡ
סĵط콭ƣͬǳȻ⣬ƣﱻлѩȤζȡΪء
󲿷ˣ֮أֻкһˣȥ磬ȥݴ
ǿöıϾ˶ǰúƽҲ
˵ܷ֮ܵУͳɼҵãҸӣûйĴţÿ˶Լĵ·ԼѡҪģػ˵ѡ
лѩĸĸҲȥһһݼɣ𣬶ȥ˼꣬ôûһŮʱǷԣҲǴмܲס
Ůڵķ˵ȷʵһ׵£漰ѪС
ԽǿѪԽѼ̳УȷɾʥһҪˡ
ݺݵһ͵ЦлѩһۣЩǱĸǡ
ؼҡ
лѩһվʱޱ˵
ӡ
˵꣬ҲлѩӦһʧ
˵һЦҲмڡ
Ҳľ˺󣬶ң̵ѾȥĻҲˣֻȴˡ
֮⣬ȴ֮࣬飬Ҳȷʵǲࡣ



1601 
ɽۣ֮ơ
лѩͤڣǰžȻǶûʲôõȤĿƺǿԽ˼ΪңԶľ룬Զ
һлѩջĿ⣬ŷ¶֮ɫ
ô˹գȴûʲôԾĶԷ
ûʲôֻǣҺܿġ
лѩһЦϵЦȴǷġ
һٶ㻨˺ܶʱҺҺ㣬ңǻˡĸŶǸлѩɢĸԵĹԡ
ԣҲ
뷽Ӳ½ֹһٶ꣬Щϵʱ䲻࣬żȥռƬ⣬󲿷ʱ䣬ŮڲиŬ£лѩŮȺС
ʮطһǵޣҪܺȻǧѡ
ԵǣȻⷽоμӴмʵķҲټһٶ飬ˣܷɹҲδ֪֮ǳĿ
һ첻ˣǳɹˡ
һ£̵ӽβҲǴá
ֻŮȻˣҪܳһʱ˳Ͼӵĸ̫
񻰹߸ڻºĺӣֻ
ȻٳҲȥҲ¶˾ģΣҪȵԼĺӳ뿪
š
ͻȻĿ΢һ
ҪǶ𣿡лѩҲ˹ȥüͷ΢壺ˣԨԴҲǳ
϶ѾϹȥˣǳȻ⣬ǲҪԶΪá˵ͷ
лѩĿһɨҲǿĳӰʱ

½ɽ
½ߵɽ壬˵һ½ķ羰ȻǿˣȻվɽ֮ϣȷʵܽúɽ۵ף˲һɽСĸд
½ʱдԣ˭ƿɽܾ½޵¡
Ҳ֪⴫ôģƫƫŵ˺ܶ࣬ģƺһ㡣
֪ǿߣΪ翵ĴͷѪɺӣǿ䣬ʢת˥
ڣ˻Ȼʶһ֮ء
֮Դ˴¡
Ҳûɽ⣬ȻҲﲻŲʣΪ˷ֹԳ棬½ǿ׷Լռɽߣ¹֮
ʮǰ
һ콣ɵͻȻռɽﻮΪɽأ콣ɵƽ̸պյ졣
Ϊռɽĵط죬콣ɵҰģֱ·˽֪
εΪʱŭ½ĸǰԼ
콣ɳΪ¹С
һǿ̹ɽҪ콣ɣû˿콣ɡ
Ϊ콣ɵǳɲʮ꣬ûʲôõóֵս죬ȴҲ㲻½Ķǿߣ෴Ǹǿڣжǿ
һ֪С
½ǿ߶콣ɺۡ
Ȼʵȴ˴۾
ǸǿɴܣĶǿ߸Ǳնɱ𺳣𾪵Ļںͷ½Χ£콣ԽԽǿսѸ𣬿ٳɳţһԾΪ½ǿߡ
δɽڱˡ
£۷壬Ҳģʵ˹ɽĴ˵
ʮ䣬ٸҽ콣ɡ
ʱȴˣɽս𴦴ǿݺţƻһУɽȷʵͱݻˡ
ҲɽĲŻĴ
ģ콣ڵǵֿʧۼĸһѷӿĽأǷ塣
˵ɽ½֮ɽôǷɽߵɽ壬ҲƽϲĵطվڹǷϣϵǳ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
һΣô˳ҲץסڹǷϵʱӦλǿߣӲĽ˹Ƿϣܴݵ콣ɣȥǿԮ
콣ȻΪʷڸһ죬ѲΪ塣
󡣡
һƽ̻׼ס󷨡
ˡ
𣬽ţһҫ۵ĹâȻ˺Ļ¶һĸ߷壬Լվڸ߷֮ϵӡ
~
ҽдԴ߸Ѫɿݵ߻Ϊҽ
졣
·֮ϵӣ;ĩ·֮ʣȴƺµϣжǰģ̲סһ
жһ˿־塣
ǰˣǵ֮죬һŵĴ档



1602 β
һ꣬½Ļƽʱڣӿһһǿð
½½˴綼ӭһƽʢǿҫӳ֮ʢ˼㡣
һµ֣˾η˴У죬еһ
΢ûʲộ޷ЩɴɵȣȻעһƽ֮ˣЩ֮ӱһһ˦˺棬ȡĿĳɾ͡
Ѹٳɳս֪ǿߣȵ𣬽⵽һǿɵ׷ɱ뿪½Զ硣
˭Ҳû뵽Զ߲ǳ٣һɳĿʼתս½Բ½ǿߣսʤʵԼٶȽš
ȵʮгɵص½˵׷ɱǸɣӴ£Ŵ콣ɣ̤ɽݺ޵Уһֱڣ콣ɶǿɣҲ½֮ĵһˡ
۲˴磬Ҳֻв½е磬ܻˡ
콾ĸҴ⣬콣ѳΪʷҪɱ죬Ҳ¡
֡
һλƽ
ʹõֶκܼ򵥣ȴҲЧ
½һˣûĶ֣Ҫɱ븶ĴۣǣܲµĵˣٴҲֵõġ
пѪȵĴսɽ֮
һսĲң˵
ǷԣѪɺӣʬأһֳڷ嶥˫սನƻĿȫǡ
ᴭϢţԡѪսѾ˺ܾãҲ֪նɱ˶ˡ
вһϣҲоصĶǿߡ
еĳȻϳأʣµһ߲߰ȻҲòˣЦһóһľõĵһȻѾˣôģǷһֱţʵò
ˡ
;ĩ·
ƽ̶һۣǵ۹⣬Ȼܿǿ֮ĩˡ
ȻθʧأһЩɱɱĶţΣǿļûջģҲǡ
죬Ӣһ·ƽ˳Լͬĳ֡
ÿһ˶Ƕǿߣ֮Ҳ̫Զⷬһ֣ʱرɫ
ˡ
۾ȴĽ١
ǣƽ̵Ĺû£۾һδĳŮǰ
Կ϶ԼûмԷȻŮӿŵģȴԶԶǼƽ̵Ĺ£ֱ
˭Ϊʲô½֮£
½½ˮˮ
ƽ̵ɫ
ǲʶǰĳŮǲϹӣԷʵԶǣ˵ֻԲ½
ǸеǣԷ졣
Ůûһۣ˵һ䣬ͷҲصľߡ
󵨡
¡
˳Ů棬˶ˣǸ˺εȴĴۣðķգȴˣĻᣬԺʳѰı
Ȼǳ嶯Ҫ׷ȥ֮ʱǰŵĳŮͷҲأʣֻһźâնǰɲǼ䣬ضɽҡƺȼ
һЩˣֱӱڵأ˶ᡣ
˻~
ȵǻعֻһ޴ĺ蹵ǰطֳ룬ʱһ
ǡһһ
ǰĳ˶еͷƤ顣
ǵ£˲ɽڶԷһ£ȴǴͷţһֳ롣
Ǻε
һǳġ
û˸ҿˣɽԽֲֻ֮ᣬΨһֵҵǣǸη岻ѵ죬ӴҲûгֹ
㵽˭
ΪʲôҪң
һͷˮŮһնɽʱҲĿ⼱Էµ˼㣬ﵽ˴˵е֮
ʣŮһԲɢűϢ˲׽
ով䣬Ҳû׷ʣһǰһ󣬿ٶУɽգûŵأǴʱ˽ȴһĵ··ɽɿˡ
״̬ûгãܿ죬ǾһƵɽϣŮʧΧ˳Ψһĵ·ǰߣܿ죬һͤǰ
һе쳣Ϥվڹͤ棬Ц
С㣬ǵ𣿡Ȼ
һ̣ǰ£ٱĻ糱ˮӿԺ
ȣ
֪䣬Ȼ档



1603 
ݺһʲôûмʲôĿûо
¸¿ľӪ콣ɳΪʷݾҲûжٶݡ
һľޱȡ
תս£ݺ޵Уѹ½ʮ꣬վߴ˵һӣֵˡ
ʹǿ಻ˡ
ǳŮչֳĿʵҲе𾪣ȻҲһˣվƽ
ΪĪ㾭Լٲκ¶ݡ
ǣƵɽϣͤеǸˣϤСʱȴҲƲסеɬ档

ڵأʹ޳
С㡣
֣ʵ̫̫û˵ˣԴСֲΪ󣬾ͺ֪ˣϤˣһһȥʱȥԼţ֪ʵС㡭
̾һû˵췢й
վǵԼ侲Ŀ˸ӡ
ļ䣬ڼһ̣ȫˣʱڷ棬߱˴Ĺ
˵ףûгļ䣬ʲôЩ֮;ĵ֮
û뵽ټһ죬Ľ̻壬Ҵδ֣صһ
ʱףСʱʱʱԺеĵþ֮ôģܶʱƾЩΪʤԼٳɳš
΢΢ͷ
⣬޷淽ܵһ࣬˵Ҳļ䡣
ԷûʲôԹޣֻим
ܷûΣյʱҲûǸҪΪͲǷʲô
˲ʦͽûӦΪͽָĶ¡
֮⣬ʼնûв켣ֻ;ĩ·ʱ򣬿˫ԨԴϣһ
Ҫ˵ҲǷģָ֮Ǿ֮Ǵ¡
Ĵ£ҿԱˣΨˣԱҵ⡣ŷĿ˾Ÿͷ
ɵϣǰʧҲͰˣڻڵϾͲ³˷ݣ˴Ľ
һ֮ĻҪĵط
һ֮ҲͿˣΪ˴Ľϲڵ飬˭һͬʡ
أҲ
ԷʵҲȷʵýκˣлѩҲһ
Ĳ˴ͳĴ磬ɳһߵĳ̶ȣʹǰطѹ
˴ڵǿߣɳٶȴԶԶɳٶȵġ
ǿģǸ̤ط֮ϣ츳зָ㣬˾ûôˣԶ
ڲ˴ĳɳŻ𽥻ͣƽʢҲȥܿͻӭƽʱڣǿֵ߳ٶȣҲǰƳϼʮ꣬ռɽΪʸ֮ĵĻһͳ½ˡ
Ժʲô㣿ȥ졣
ȥûǸҪˡ
һδ䣬Ͽ˷ͻȻʹ󳹴ˣ˺ִܶ
ֵӵģʱȥ
İţлĻϣܵȥһ˵
УӽС㡣
죬Ѿˡ
һҾڵأСƽ֣ɢӭ
һӴĹŴСϸһọ̇̄ӰòͶ뷽ڡ
һ֣Сʱʧ˲½硣
ˡ΢΢һ̾
Щջɢڲ˴ƬҲ塢ƽ̵ˡ
СһϵƬҲһ顣
â翵ϢΧһѸٵȥͤɽ塢ԻΪޡ
֮Уǰ޺¡
ͻȻ
һâӷϳͬʱԷΪģΧ޿ʼ˱仯ɽˮɽ
Ӵֻ绺ֳ
ǣһιֻḶ́ǰκһζͬ
ӷĹâУֳһͨˣʼǵǵΧҲʼơ
һ̤ͣһֻС֮ϣǰһѳ֡
һ˸Χһ·˺м
һ±ˮ¡¡ĳɳΧĳԽԽֵ࣬ҲԽԽǿ
ƬΣڻһγ˹쳾˼
ڣһǿ߾ݺؼ䣬Ǽսţϴ򵽵£ǳֵĳҲԽԽ󣬸˸ΪӴĵ
콾ݺᣬЦƣС㡢˵Ӱֳ
һˣף콾˴չ֣󣬷΢΢һЦϣ֯ĳʣµĿհס
һֻ磬ڳ֡



1604 
ǰֻ磬Թ繹ΪȻҲ̬ȴԶܺĲ˴ȣǸ߲εֻزյģĺԶ
ȻһΣֻ磬ȴ辶ΪƬϴص˼󣬹쳾աֻ硣
ʱֻݺڼ䣬ǻһ㣬չֳ˲ͬһ硣
ǰֻ磬Զܱȵġ
ңзĲ룬繹ϣҲ˿ȣȴڵֻԶԶʤˣ൱ֻصݡ
ֻϧĹҲֻһΣҪٶȹͱظ֮ǰľʱվá
ǰֻ㣬ʱܿٳ
Ҳ辶Ĳ֮޷ͳʽȣңҪ̣ҲֻҪһΡ
˼תֻܱȴûֹֻͣϿճһ޴УͬǺڶ㷢µ£ֻѸٷֽ⣬Ͷ뵽֮УΪγɵϡ
ò˶ãոչֻͱգеĵطǳһ޴̡
̡
̧ͷγɵ̣ǰһֳ֣ϸȥȴֲܷͬ
Ƿ˵ֻصĸɣȡֻתһ֮⣬ҲΪˣˣȡ˳Ĭݣǰ̲ƣʹõģҲеһ֣źܴȱݣ˷ڽʱ򣬲ȫԸԼ
͵̣Ͳһˡ
ֻΪΪ߼ֻ磬ܻȻҲǲͬӵƣҲӵĸ߼ǰʵ
Ŀȥ̵Ϲâת֣ħޣźڰޱߣҲŴ桭һ㣬Ǻǰûʲôı仯Ǹտʼ
ͻȻһأϷиһֻӴ˺ȹǬ仯㳡ʧֻһֻѷڣѹ졣
ѹһк֣Ҳ֮˱仯
ߣһ˱仯һʮ֣ƺ𣬻ּ䣬ȶ
һŭһͷۣ˫ӴӰ֣лɫâתһѹͷһС
·̵ͬʱ仯Ӵޱȵ绺֣ͬبžʹһ㣬㲻䣬ñõĳֱӻ
硣
Ŵʱ̣૵
ǰȣ˾޴ı仯õӶ仯
񣬷ֱָǣʥħʹ˵
磬ָȴ߲硣
˵һ飬ʹõǷϤʥѡ˵ħĻؾλħ
磬Ȼö˵
׼µ̣ѹֻأ˵ǰ֪Ҫ߳١
Ҳŵʵ֣ǰĵͼֻ磬ʵֲˡ
Ȼ磬ģǴڷУֻͬ൱ڷĲ
ҲֻǹͬѹܵסʥĿ⣬סֻصܡ
ûꡣ
룬ǰûģֱӷڱָ󲿷֣Ȼﲻǵ˳ҳֳһƬޡ
ֻأ繲ͬѹػ֮أ̵ġ
ŷ΢һС͵̴ϸͶ̵룬ѹĬһݵǲ֡
һСͶ󣬶ʱʹ֮˾ҵı仯ȵƽϢ
̵룬ֳһССİٲֻ̨̨Ҳֻ̨ͬǷĲ
ֻ̨·һɫͨͷֻͨ
һֻأնȥǰͬǱһˡ
̣ƿֻתֻܿͨľͷĬݵд֮߶ѹֻҪֻͨͨȡãҡһ˳Ĭ
ңǰȱݣҲڣȫܷӳȫʵ赣ı
ڳɹˡ
һڳƵҲǳʧڷڡ
ΧһѸٱʻͤɽһγ֣ޣ»صʵ
ǰ󻨷ٶʱ䣬һˣ谭뽣ⱻֻҪԸ⣬ʱٽ硣



1605 ת
Ȼ뽣ˣȴûмǰȥڲ˴磬ǣңڻǽ֮еĺʱ
һ£ȥˡ
պ󣬷ǰ߲ͨ麣ҪҲܼ򵥣ת
ɹ֮ޣʮط۵Ĳκ󣬷Ѿģȹתˡ
Ȼոͻǻڳɳ̫죬˲Ϊ˰ȫҲûдҴȥ٣ϾٿɲǿЦģһʧܾɢᶼס
ڲ˴羲ǰȹ˸ֻҪ룬ʱܶ٣ת
ûô
ʮطԽÿһС֮ʵȾԽԶ֮ǰˣܴͻͽѾԽһСΣǣҪ淨ĵرȫĽܳɹԽǰһܣüεٳ֡
ȻܴƣҲӹɵģǿɹ۵ʵҪǣ˷ø߼Ļ
ܣҲƿزˣΪǿĵرһЩ淨ҲԷӳȫܡ
Ե޶ԣÿһܣͨʥ֮·ϣǰһ󲽡
ܣȻ֮á
Ҳ⣬֮ûôΪ̶ֳ̣ܵȡ
ڵޣѶȣһþͻֲеǷ뿴ģȵڣȵ֮پҪҪת
ⲻ̣繲ͬѹػڷۺµֻҪҵʵۺڣûκ⡣
̣˷Ԥڡ
ۺڣĺԶʹת֮
طȣʮطڵСΣֶһֱΪڡڡڡ۷塢޺޵У޵зۣƵʥ֮£˫ֱΪ벽ʥʥ֮ǿߡ
ʮطڵÿһСΣҪʱվãǧꡢܿԽǿԶ޷ԽϾһ󾳽磬˵༫ˣ粽С
Ÿ̤һ꣬淨ɬѶеǿĵرҲǾ켶ʵǷ۳ڣչǰĴ󾳽Ļʱ䣬㹻Խüˡ
ҡҡͷջ
ȷת̲Ӱ죬ҲǷ˹ǣȫ׼
麣һ졣
ѡתĵص㣬Ȼ麣ĵһ죬һ졣
Ҳ麣ĵطոսͨСޣСĽЩĻҲжΣգɼǺεȰȫ
Էʵ˵һˣȥ졢죬ûκ⣬ңؽ麣̽ҲԶ֪͵˼ߵ죬Ҳһ֪
ȴ֪ûǸҪ
ǰζ٣ǾĻǻ죬֤һ£Ǿ٣ûʲô
ȥߵ죬ҲȫΪһ㣬ǣΪ˹Σա
٣ǰ٣ûбʵ𣬵Ѷϣȴ˲١
ǰ٣ڶٵĿռսǿ⣬һֿܣҲǻǿı
ǵļУͷΣٴ˼ѡ
£˳ɹ֮ˣʮ֮һĶ䵱
麣ĸ죬ǿıҲԽ࣬Ǵ˵ûٵʱһֻ˵ǾǱ
磬˵ѼǸ߲硭
ǿıѶȣֲκκôȻȥͽ鷳ɴѡ˵һ졣
麣ȫĵطִ˵ļȫܺԲƣʮطۼıҲһ
ʮطۼıڸӦϢҲǰ
ҪӦģٱ
ʼɡ
΢忪ʼ֮һںϣһٶҲ̼ŭ߲硣
~
麣ֲ֮£ͬľġ֮롣

֮ٳڡ
ִŽڽӿſֲ׵ϷѸ֮
٣˳ȹ
ûʲô⣬ǰٴͬС죬ѡĵطȫ;Ҳûб룬˳˳ͨٵĿ飬ҲǶɵһΡ
ǰаնȹˣϵڣ࣬תԣһˡ
š
~
Ϊӣܣȵ³֮ʣȻǳɹת



1606 һһ뽣
䡣
ת̵һֲ̣ѹԷΪĶȻ籩ϯܡ
֮ںϵתһ̶ȣǺεȿ£麣ĵһ˾κˣ·ĺˮǱδֽ㣬߸߷£ˣԼ
һıȽϽĴ½ǴرۿɼٶȽ塭
ۿţΧһж췭ظϱѹʼԼٶ½գȻϻɢǿѹܵӰ죬ȴûôˡ
ҡҡͷת˲˴磬һӲӦ˹ֻϵĿֲѹ
ٵĵطһʱ价ƽüΪ˽˵صˣõ˲ٺô

˴硣
صԼУҲչˣרĵȴźӵĽô󣬷ǵһľڵµһ֮Ҳľ콾һͨͨ׼ס
һֺľͶУŵζ
ʮ
лѩɹһӣֹһ£Ҳ˳һŮ˶ĸƽзػԣϧѪ̷ǳİȫûгκ⡣
Сһĳֻþ춯ݡ
ηлѩǽ֮˽µĺӣ˵ض֮ӡ
ӳ֮ʣһʱرɫǣԼĿֲƺΪصģҲҿԣѹСһûĲʰϾճĺӣĶÿ
һŮûôţϾǽɷĲͬŪ˼Ķһ˼
ӵĽûдģ˺һ
ʮʱһζ
ģ΢ϰϰ
˽ںˣСһ￴һ߻šְ֡һ߼˹
ְְְ֣۸ңƨɡСŮ㵽˷󣬱סȣѩɰС״
У׽ŪҡСкһƣСŮв״
ЦЦ˵Դ˼䡣
Сһﶼ¶ĵ飬Цܿˣں߼һ
һСͤлѩ棬ĿǣСһ󣬷˹ȥлѩ
ҪˣлѩתͷƳ˷һۡ
š˵ͷҲû˼лѩҲĿͶߡ
Сһһͬһˣģϡ
Ŀģͺһˣ㣬˪Ҳǿ˽ȴ޴룬ҲΪϷŪĶ
Сһǵĳɳ˳飬Ҳܷġ
ϣӳɳĹûиף˵ȵڣһɳ
ڣСһﶼʮˣ˲٣ҲܿҲǷ˲С
Ůǵڲ˴ڣܵǿ֮ʹ뿪˷ѪǣҲǼѣؽЩ콾
סлѩ˵ͷȻЩᣬⷽ
ǺǣҪ⣬һҿɲһȥ꣬һ׼̵ֽСһأ˵ֻǳһԶš
磬ʮ󶥼֮һ綼պա
뿪Ҫȥľǽ磬һһĽ룬Ҫתս£սʮطۣԴ
֪ǺεȵΣأķڷУȴһԶš
⼸ʮǳһͨͨɷ򣬸ףʵ޻Ȼһ̣ȴɳѾõıʣ͸޾ķâ
лѩ֪Ѿһ׼

ġ
һƧ֮ĬһʧĵطھģٶûأȻҲǴ￪ʼ
Ӵ̴ӷϸ𣬻תţѹһС
һ̵룬ֻ̨ڷͷһ𴩹ֻͨ
һֻأնǰ
~
֮ߴ˷ӵϣǿ׵Ľ

򽣴½
ǽھĵľݵ㣬ˣҪͨ
Ƶ߽Լҵĸ¥һ·ϣִ£֮ĳƺڶ΢΢۾
ģȥ
ڵĵط򽣴½Ĵܽϣ˶Ҫͨλãһȥһš
һˣʹô󣬽뽣ġ
ҪʹôҲҪͨˣҪʱ䣬򽣽ϲԶ֮ʹνɲǿЦġ
ûµϲһۣڼǰӵһ
ǽˣ´ҲһλϣλȨأòӣԷһгĬˣһټ̻㱨ȥ
ȻӣҲ˿˽⵽ǳĬǺε
֪Խ࣬оԽ𾪣ĬʵǿȻֳɳٶȣ̫ˣ˾
֪˵ҪԣҵȫŴǱߵ
Ȼһȥˣʮȥˣȥˡ
Ĭһֱûг֡
ĳ磬ҲȫĬ֣˭Ҳ֪ȥ˺δȷ
ģǱҲǷ
ԽԽΪĬηıѡʧ٣ٳˡ
ҲΪ֪λҲǲټעˣҲûһ£ֻǶɵϰߣżһۡ
ĿɨҪջ֮ʱͻȻͣž˻ȥȿԷòʱʱһ
Ĭ
Ȼ˳Ĭ
㳡ϣĬһˣƽվǸӦĿ⣬Ȼתͷ
~
·һѷƥӭĵףƺһڵأӿĿ־塣
ˣˡ
һߣջĿ⣬Ų΢̤˴֮УӰת۱âû
һһ뽣硣



1607 һս
һֱӰʧ˽磬ȻɫǿֲһĴĵף֮ȥ
ûûпΪ֮ĿɨЩй©ͬ˱˹
ȻǵһμĬˣɶڳĬİ
ˣһЩ˶ԳĬۣǾ콾ţΪĬδ϶һλʮطۣһλΪǿʮطۣζԴˣ֪ӵҲǹעĬгĬֵϢϱ
ȵȣҵĸо
ͻȻ¶ǿҵ֮ɫˣƽȻʮطۣһ̣Ļ֣ĬĸоȻ˿һЩʮطۡ
ôܡ֪֮ȻЩ˶ΪĬȻʮطۡ
ǣŹȥá꣬ڳΪ֮ѣҲܽʱ䣿
вУٶȣѳĬֵϢȥǿѹеĺɫһµվ˳ȥ

磬˪
һۣ羰续ʤգһӴ¥ʻڽ档
¥ϣ˶˳ۿܱ߷羰̾ѡ
֮أͬ˼ɾﲻ֪ʤ١
Ⱳӣһţǵĸ
˷׷̾
վڼװһǣܷ羰ĽĻ΢΢һЦ
Ҳˡ
¥ϵˣȫ˪ˣţ˪Ψһ
˪һСҲֻһţûκ֮Ķ֣֪˪ĵطŵĵλǺεȵĳȻȻȻĻΪĿꡣ
Щˣˡ
¥ϵˣǴ˪ѡһΪ֮ܳˡ
ǽŴһʱ䣬ŵָ
֮ԻôʩԶ⣬ҲǶĿȾǿ޵еӣԱάŵͳκͳȻЩʲôɫҲţԼΪԸ
ܱĻţҪˣ̫ˡ
ˣֻϣԶԶĿһۣһŮ
Ҫʦ֣ǰżʦһ棬ķ
Ůҵ
ŹˣݾӢһ㣬ʹսҲͬ裬㽣Ҳ˪ĸԸͳεԭ֮һЩŮȻŸ㽵Ķ
λ磬֪ʲôĿģƺΪվĽΪ־ͬϵһ˹Цʵ
ӷϣûиоʲôȻη塣
Ҳ˹
ңսһ˰ˡ赭д
ϣЩŮɴ۾Ծ뷽ľ룬·ʲôһ㡣
ǿŵ˶ģιȥҲΪ˽ŵĽ̵
սʲôģֱǴ治š
һǿ׳عζʱŭɫҪѵȴͬסˣǿɲΡ
һ䣬ͬΪıЩŮˡ
ţһЩҪ뷽ڨһ⣬ĻشסˣԾѡԶ롣
˵¥ϣһ࣬ʹҲҪսŵˣҲĻ⣬˵ڡ
ûãΧͿһˣûԸ
ԴˣֻЦЦҲ⡣
¥ֻ˳·ˣĻں˵뷨
¥㣬һ˰ѷȥǿҪ̲סпЦγˡ
ͻȻǰģҽһ񣬾Ҷ
˿µ㶼ĸȥܡ

ˡ
ǰš
ģһӴޱȵɽǰ¥ϵ˷
Ѿŵˣŵһ
ŵķһˣ·ǰӭˣǵĵؼƺҲ͵ķΧ
ʱ¥һǣŵ۾Ȼһ̤
~
·һѾ޴ݺݵĺͷ˶͵һĿʶ
޶ãһ̤·дν죬㡣
һ̤͵ķΧһɨգ˶ɣڶ£ųӭӵЩˣ½Ӱӿ׹£㣬ԼĽӷ籡
³Ĭ̡
ÿһ̤ÿһ˵ϵĽȻһһ̡ʱؼ䣬Ȼޱ޼ʵĽ⣬ͬһɽɵ󺣣ҫâңңԶ
纣ֱָ顣


1608 ֮
һ˵һԴΪ֮ء
žĴ֮ˣֹۣڷ۳ڣǱѾ޷ǰһǷҪսĵһĿꡣ
£е˶ˡ
ҪսģȻǴ˵еۣ
Щ֪еĿģΪսĳ˵ŮĿ࣬ǻΪҪսĽĳӣ֪ȻۣʲôЦ
Ȼɢؼ⣬ҪϯأƣȴȻ
Զһλطʣġ
ǣ硣
ŷֱս۵ʱе޲ǲȻŭȻôŭҲǲҶΪֻҪһܸӦĽָһ̾ͻ⵽֮֡
һ֮ѹһɣ
ǵĶʱ׹ȵףͻ֮ˣҲһλʮطۡ
սԶܲġ
~
һȴдϼӺɽʫ续ֵ趯֮˱ɭɱ
ϼ֮ŵĽʱһƮƮͬˣȱ֪֮ÿ١
۴ˡ
ڻ¥ϣ˶ǻ׶˪۵̫
Ϸʮ꣬Ѿ֮ʲôèҲսۿŷ
ν̣޷Ǿս
սķʢΪޣǴսɱģ£ûвһս޵µĽޡ
Ҫתս£ȻҲ
ʮ󶥼֮һʮطҲڶ࣬ĻֻѰ·
սûģֻҪĲҲйǿʮطҷ鷳
֮£Ȼ޾
һЦܸܵеķŭҲûʲô
ָ̡нڽ
Ŀ䣬ҪλˣĻʲôɫ
콣ϯͬһ嫳ۣ޿ɵֵĹǰȴǻӻ֣;ʮط۵ǿչ¶š
ֻ㱾µĻɡҲҷɣ֪ǿס
Ը
תսĵһսҲǴսҪӮҪӮƯ
һ̣
˶⡣
ûǰ޼᲻ݣҲûзâ¶Ȼȴӳ˵顣
ĵ̷һ˲ͱ塣
һ˳ʱ־˵ĸо¹ײ
һܣڼո¶ͷǣ׿ޣԺ㡭
ˣȴһãɳĲʺͷŭ
ˣսŰܣѹͷѵһʤıࡣ

һʱ䣬жӿ𣬱ϣͷԼ
һֱָģǣ
ɫ䣬Ľֱָ֮ͣĵĽ£Ҳ˲ֱµ˼㡣
ʲô־Ϳֲ˹ز
Ӧٱ䣬һķâչ¶˳
~
¥ϣŭһһԶйĵڵأǿ˸ͷ㣬̼䣬˾Ե
磬ⳡʼ仯
۷֣Լһֵм֮УΧܼȺ
͹
ɫĶúÿ
磬ǻҪ벻

ޱȵԺƺڶ˵Ż˵ʵ
ͻȻΧȺǴˣС̷ο͡ȫۣ˫ĿעëȻ
þƿŭȣϼϳ
ȺӦ飬Ƭ˽֮Уʱ糱һӹ߲ʰ쵣ÿһƬζһ
ǣԾľͻԼһҲ⣬㱡
Դָ̡֮𣬴۶УȻʱŷڷ£Ȼֿ
糱һӴϼӰޱȣҲ趯
쳾£ϵɣҲҪ뷲
۴ľڽһ㣬˻ȥ
ʤѷ֡
ŷ򣬻¥˶ţ޵е񻰣Ѹ߽⡣
֮ǷԴ̥֮Ľ
֮ΪһڵܿܿȻҲһ֣֮ͬķ롣
ΪΪӳĽ
ÿһ淨һϵͬԽԽ󣬶Լӡ
Բ˴Ϊֻ磬ѹ̣ȫŷԼӡǶġ
棬֮ҲŲͬķ֧ͷ֮Ƿڲ˴ľ˽֮УǳȴҲ֮߳Լĵ·
۵ʵȻδŵĽ£Ҳ˲ܡ



1609 ɨ
յָ̣ǳǡ
һۺ󣬷ûо˹֣ת뿪ˣ˲Ϣʧ
ʧǣȥ޶ԣ֮󣬲ų̾һתصУӰȥЩΪޣ֪˶ٳɱڳɳʱҲսˣնɱȻҲбսܵ׼䶼䲻
ǣԽܵǣԼʵȻᱻһܡ
ϾҲܲӦҲǷ۳ڣֵʱʵ޷صģڷûиʵûʹö֪ؼֵȷʵǷ۳һεġ
ͬһΣȴ׻ܣҲѹ۱С
һĻŵҲûʲôʿЩ䣬Ȼ¥ϣ˪ȴ˾κˡ
ŵĹ⻷ȥ
ȥ⻷Ƿ֣ţʵҲ
һɽ壬Ŀһɨܣûзκβ֮΢һʱֳɢǿ
ǷΨһߵĵر
ǰԵʱ򣬷ԭĴʯزסƣһƬ飬ȻصǺͻȡ˸ΪǿĴʯƣˣЩطһֱάתҲԴԴϵűԴָ֮
չǱȲýѪ̺֮Ӵ󣬽ձԴ֮ĸûƿҪ˵Ψһƣ޷Ǿʱˡ
񣬲Žǿָ˾һǷڶĵرȻûбĻܣ˿ĽڽҪǿһߵĵرıʣʵ̫ǿ
ֻǲ򲻵ѣǲóġ
̣δסȫʡ
ҡҡͷƻӶʱһƬϼɳӿ
۵ȡ
ڷ֮£ûзӳʵЩԽڽĴǱˮнҲ
Щ˵ڶ֮꣬
Ƿ׼ĵڶ
ڷĹУյǿ֮Ҫİɺһǻأ޵С
ν뽣磬Ҫڽ֮ͬʱҪ͵ڶ
~
ڷĿ£ϼײţӹϼصޱɱϺʹ֮Ļںϡ
ȵƬϼľϣȻ͸һ˿â
΢΢ͷҲûָһӾͽͳɹͽڽǷ˺ܴĹλ㽫һնʮطۣԶֹ۳ڡ
Ȼһ
΢ʧԭء

ڽ磬Ȼó촩ֻͨתñܿˣٶȻԶܺʹ촩ȣȴҲǿȥ
һº󣬷һֱսǸеλ۳ڻܡ
º󣬷һܸеλ۳ڣɨΪ֮ɫ䡣


ÿһγ֣һλ۳ڵܡ
տʼʱ򣬷ôҲûж֪Ȼŷһ·תսȥһλλ۳ڣްܼкɨ֮ƣȴǽ˺䶯ķ

̿ϴɡ
ֵɴһ꣬ɴ죬ķͣ̿ɽַǷ
صһŮһ˿Ļ»һΪˣȫʮطۣһɵƽһ˶Ѽʱȴڴˡ
ھУȻϣȴûжϲɫء
λν֮°ϣ۳һ³һλ߿˳š
Ǳ̿ϴɵʮط֮һ
ǶϾǳĬѾɨ˰򣬾ʣˣҾ֪ĬѾ򣬿ò˶ãҾͻӵս߳
˵ɫ˲ʮѿ
ˣֱĸɣлһңͱ̿ϴɵĹϵʮֶӣȴһȻΪ˷
ǳĬǴĳġһλ޺ҧ
Ǵģڵǣǲòսһ׳
һ·ɨս޲Ƿ۳ڣڽȻҲ⡣
ȫ۳ڣҲǷսĶ
䣿Ƕˡ
˵ҪҲûжٰգɨսʵ̫ˣûһλ۳ڣǷĶ֣˶첻



1610 һս
ܳΪʮط۵ģһ콾֮ǵҲ£ͷ
ڳˣ޲ǶԼʵżǿģҲΪȲķ۳ڡ
ȻʹģȴҲԼܺɨеķ۳ڣȴܰơ
˲ŻԷٴС
֪֪ˣܰս֪ҶĬھóͨޣҲΪһЩʤ㡣
׵ӻڡ
ۡ΢ݣ˺˵һǱ̿ϴɵʮطۣǵλʵҪں֮ϡ
ۼڴ˵λ۳ڣֱĸб̿ϴɾռλ
ʵǵλҲܿߣףλҲΪʵǿе֮ǿߡ
ʱһڣ˶ûҲ˵Ŀġ
Ǳ̿ϴ˵Ľ©֮λ㡣߽ӹȥΪ췽Ȼó
ۣĸλ⣬¼Ҫ̫̽ѵ飬ȻǳĬȴǳأ˴󲻽⣬ĿǰȷǣǶϾ֮ˡ
˷׷׵ͷ
ϾǶĳƺȻʵϣĻǲֵһᣬ֮㣬ֺֹ򣬼ʹǶһǣҲԶǾġ
ԶϾ֮⣬ǷǳģϾҪǶϾ֮˵ĻڳΪʮطǰԶˣܲ鲻ʮطۿɲǶھܳɾ͵ġ
ĬԺδʱж̣ʱ鲻Ҷû˵֣ҪôǾԶϹ磬Ҫôǳ⣬ڽ磬һֵ̫󣬾ǵ鵽鱨Ȼ޷ȷĬͣܿ϶Ϲһ߼
ȥʮᡣ˵ͷ
פ֮ഺĵر֮Ϊ٣Ӧط̽䣬ֻǷŵʮطϣʵֻ߳࣬õһģĽ
ʵϣеֿܣǾǷͷǳᣬСĳ
δͳΪʮطۣȻš
һǺε֮󣬷Ҳǽǧʢᣬ£ڵؽ˲ʶ£ȴҪܳʱ
Ȼ߻ˣûⷽ롣
ȫǵⷶ롣
ĬͲǾǾ飬ȣ֪֮սʤ۳ڣƾģһΪ֮Ľ˵
ףǵĽ
뾰һλʮطоɣ˳Ĭ£ཻĪ棬ûжֵϸڡ˵Ǳɨİ֮һ
ԣ˶ʱ˹
˵һſ֮Ľʩչ̺Ľģһ㱼䣬ܿܿΪ⣬һΪĽδţϣûЩϰͨˣҲܷӳ˿µܡ
һ֮ΨеᣬԾԣĸǰ˸֣쳾ɣӡ
˵һЦֵҵǣ֮ƺȱݣΪĬÿһսսʮغϣʮϰٸغϣŻʹãȡѵؽģսپĻûսʤ֮Ļᡣ
ԡһͻȻ𣬴Ļ
˵ģһӣͷڣĿҲڳĵλʮطۡ
˵ﲻԣüʡ
󲿷û⣬Ƕ֮Ʋ⣬ȴشӵĬһսģ˪ۣһͻۣʹõģ֮Ϊģ֮ȱǲڵġ
ɫ䡣
˪򣬲ǶϾ֮һҲûǷ̽ʱҲ©ˣû뵽ӾȻ鵽
һۣ׳ɫ΢ס
ܶ˪򣬳˪Сƶ⣬ҲΪ۵ʵǲ϶١
֮ûȱݣǡɫѿ
û˻ɺӵĻҲûҪ˵ѡ
˵鶼ĳ֮ʱͻȻűƿˣ̿ϴɵĵƽ̴˽ž֮ɫ
λ̫ϳϣ²Ĭһս顣ƽ̻ŵ
ʲô
ɫ䣬ĿⲻԼͬڵƽеϡ
ǸӦ˵Ŀ⣬Ȼ𶯣һȻӳ˵飬ɲǼ䣬糱ӿľһζ
⻺ȥӳճ𾪲԰׵


1611 һϰ
ǣ֮
ã׳Żعɬ
ֻ֮ʽɫڳУ˽һ
˳Ĭ
Ȼʹӵ鵽鱨е֪֮Ŀ£ٶ࣬ҲûУڣǾˡ
һǳԳĬ֣֮ȻмĿܺҵĽġۻ
˵ˣȻӲ
Ķҡǵһӳɻۿۡ
Һеˣ쳾ɣӵ˼߿Ц
һǴðģȻδŵĽֲһκ޵ҧ
ȿ˵Щʲôɡҡҡͷ˵Ŀϡ
ȥҲ¶˳
ʲôҪԼսˡ֣߶ʱȻŭҲɫѿ

ɨҲˡ
ˣҲв
ǺεݣƽǶô˾𾴣ȻҪսˣǶԣһ裬һֶǵӣ޹صҲǸͬܡ
ֻһ˵ĻȴҲȷʵǷĶ֡
ôԼģҲСЩܸʮطۣǷһۣһ塣
ʲôʱʵ
죬Ҫ˵¶˺Ȼ֮ɫ۵ĿҲȻǴ͸Զ
Ѿˡ

̿ϴɡ
һ˵ϢԼĴţܿ˾֪
ɨʮطһ𣬶ڶϾ˵Ǻεȴ£ڣĿˣȻѾ򣬲ű̿ϴɶ
Ϊ֮󻩡
Ǳ̿ϴɴ䣬ܱߵĴǿƼ
ֱӹսķ
̿ϴɵĲˬսҲǸ岻ֻ֣ܵȴ
Ҫ˵̿ϴڵֵ࣬ܲģ˰ˡ
Ҫˡ
Ĭսʱ򣬾̿ϴɾѾԶûڡ
ʱ뿪Դĵûãһ۴ʿʻۼϿ֮ϵķ
鶫ϾòҲ类֪Ȼ̵ѹ֮¡
ǳĬȥᣬҼеĺ󱲶١
һλʮطۡ
ĳȣҲɻ
Ŀ£֮ϵķȻվһǵصĿֲѹһ̣ӰǱޱȸߴ㣬أͬǳɽ룬˴
⣬һĶ
~
һĻȻ𣬱̿ϴɵķ˲䱻ԷĿֲѹ⣬ˣҲ˸еһľߣֱڵϣɫ԰ֽ
ǣʮطۡ˲
ûж֮ʣǿϾ޺͵޲ͬȻԷһ֣Ͼرɫʮط֮ǿɼһߣһ
Ѿ˿ʼˮ
𣬺Ǻǡ
ϣ΢΢һЦ
չԼѹֱ̿ϴ֮ʱоһĿϣһâڱĸо
ʣȻǱ̿ϴɵλڡ
̿ϴɹλʮطۣǿһλײ棬ηսԷҲó֣ϾѭĹģͬһεĽҲĽս
Ͼڣڵ٣ƽҲδػ棬˺ɨ⻹Ƿĵһ
Ҳáɫ΢ͲǵĿ⣬·
۵˴ӱ̿ϴڷɳ
ţȻλ۳ڡһϾͻعζλ۳ڡ
̿ϴɵƺƴ󣬷״λ۳ڵжȴûж֪򲻾þͳˣȻҲڡ
ĬǿԴ󣬾ͼսҺˡ߿ŷ
⻰һ·ʱһƬȻ
ʲôĬҪͬʱսۺᰵˣ
ʲôЦһжһڣĬǿҲܰɡ
Ȼǿ֪֮Сǿߣ޵е񻰽ͻﱻսᡣ
֮࣬Ƿŭڳ˴ˣˡ
ЦЦ
սۺܿͻʱնɱλʮطۣȻ޷ǰȣڵķҲǸͻʱܱȵġ
Ҹˡߣ¶Ȼ֮ɫָָˣһϰɡ


1612 һʢ
˶סˡ
ڷ˵⼸ʱǻΪʶԼĿһ£Ȼû뵽ǣҪսλ۳ڣҪһսλ
ȫѻȸţǼȵ
˶ɣԼĶǲǳ⣬һ˿˶ȴ޿ܡ
Ҫһ塣
޷ˣȫĿ˵˼㣬λ۳
㣬㡭ߵžţζ챻ըˡ
Ҳûõȥ
ŭ֮ˡ
ηȻĬ㲻ںҲͲˡͻȻǴӱﴵ
ûоܾ˳ŷĻֱӦ
һ㶣ž۵⡣
ŭû壬Ϊûһ˻ǷĶ֣ڼһսʱǾ㣬ߵҲ⡣
ܷĻػһ˲оˡ
ڷ˼㣬һſھԼսˣ۵»˳ƾӦԶ٣۸Ҳ⣬һģȻˣȻҪǿ
֮ǿܺǵĽģǷֵϣҲжӰɡ
ƾʵĻ˿巽
ͨ˴˽ڣûٷϻĬĬķ˳˽Χ
Ҫһ塣
̿ϴڵˣȫˣĻƣô£ȫˡ
ûпս飬Ȼ۵˵ļɵ
ĬǿҪԸ۳ڣҲܰɣɨ񻰽Ҫսˡ
֪Ĵۣ˭һھˣɵ˰ɣ
û˿÷
һ廹ӮǾͲǷ۳ˡ
ңңţԸоʵʵɱ⡣
Դˣ⣬ⱾҪӪľ档
һ̬ս飬ǲ֮ΪЩ֪ԼǿҪһжʱӦ
֮ôеû£Ϊ˴
ɨ򣬳˵һս⣬ûиɴĽս޷Ϊ˽ȡЩʮط۵ڽȻͽ
ڣĴȻһؼʱڣҪһǿĴ̼ɹ˴ʱ֮١
̿ϴɵİ䣬һһ򣬾ͳˡ
ĿĲǱ̿ϴɵλ۳ڣλķڣĴУһλȻ֮С
÷ǣλ۳Ҳһû䣬Ǹѡ
ĬҪΪյĿѪĴۡ
˵˫Ŀ𣬸ûкͷϻȤϾѡ˶֣˰Χȴûκξɫ
̼䣬̿ϴϿսݺᣬ޾Ľأҽš
λ۳ڵĽŰرɫ
ڶֵһ̣Ľͱѹȥһ壬Ͼǲ̫࣬̿ϴڵ˻кãͿһ˺쳾ζĽ
ǣ˵Ժ˲תͷ
ͬǹ쳾˭ӡ
۵һͣɱܵӰ죬Ķҡ콣Ҳ֮һ
֮۵һݣȻ
˵ѹһʹ֮˷ֵµĽҲһܾˡ
ϣ֮ķâչ¶֮ʱ֣һ
ˣҲһ֮Ӳھ޴˾ơ
ʱƣ˵սԽң۵˵ȴ֮ΪǷ֣֮ǵӰԽԽС
ǶǺεβɴݣҲ̫֮棬ŻԴǵȴӦˣʵҲѸٻ
֮ûƣԶƲ޵Уһ޹ƺܿ¶˳
ֻ㱾һ壬ôĿЦ
֪ǵ
еɱڣеȻһɨգġ
𣿡΢΢һЦٽһԡ
䣬ĽڽȻƽƽ̳Žڽ죬ѳȻһӴ磬չǰ
һ˶еİ磬תţò
ǳģȴеζ
һڵĴ磬̼䣬߹̣ڼ䣬һǿ߲ϳ֣Цء
տʼʱЩǿ߻ʮСʱȥԽԽǿȵһȥ䣬һĴĻ£ȴսᣬһɳվǰ˵ļϣԽǿ
һһߵ۷塣
ڣ緢չ˼ʢ֮ʱ涨һŹâӰվģΧһλλǿ֡
ʮطۣطʡ
ȻӰȼŻĽڽƽһǿޱȵӰΪһ⣬˽ڽ֮УʹýڽųҫޱȵĹâͬеֲ̫ޱȵɨء
һʢ




1613 ˥֮
쳹Ȼ۵ˣǱ̿ϴڵˣδţǵȫע⾪춯صһ
֮
ʩչһ֮е˥֮Ҳϵ֮֮Ǵ̥֮֮ķ֧ͷ
Ϊһܱ䡢˥ͻĸ̣֮ľڣȻһֱʵĽҲֱ˿̣ųӵʹ˥֮ʸ
˥֮һӼʢ֮ʱ˥̡
ƺڽյյⲻ߸ʺϴܱ׶Σӵʢǣۼڵ䣬ڽԴĽڣںڽڽı֮Уܱ֮
ʺϵķ˥֮
һķâɴ¼ʢʱʼյյĽڽϡ
Էڵʵ̶֮ȣҲչֳĽľɣʩչһ֣ǣЩ֣ȴ㹻ˡ
ܻĲ˴ߵңԶδ۷ʱ̣˥֮ķâҲչ˳
һǴʢת˥Ŀʼ
һͣʢʱ̡
һ۷һ

ŷһ̳˲˴۷ʢֲһҲǳǰ
ҫޱȵĹâӽڽų֮ʢȻڱ˽̫˿С
۵˿һƺڻζһͬ㸲Ǭתµ˼㡣
ҫ۵ĹâУƺӰζĶǿ߳ɱ˹
УԶƵĸֿ־֮ɫһ̣һ֣һ۷ʢĴĸоΪ֮͡

̿ϴɣ
ǣһ磿ڷʩչ˥֮һ̣һĶСȻ̧ͷ¶ǿҵĺɫһ硣
Ͼҡҡͷ
ʩչһ־ܽ̿ϴĨȥô鷳
ֿ֮ĽһϤĸоһʱ䣬ȴ벻
֮ǽʥȻǣڽ֮⣬֪֮˲٣ǡڽ磬֪֮ȴ٣淨˾͸ˡ
ȻȻ֪֮ģǵһ㣬źܴ©ȱģǵ֮ƤëǶǣҪǿ˷ʩչ֮ҲǾϲ
λֲרռ鱨ĿԽ淨̸ϾָƣһʱȻ벻Ҳûԣ롣
һ£ѹ۵˴С̾Ͷ϶ǽӲһ
ǵʵһɥǺȴǼصģȲ˵λԱʮطһԽǱ̿ϴɣڷһ±Ĩȥǰμһ
΢С߶ʱʧ

ʱ̿ϴɵҲо˲ףԭΪԼܰȫб̿ϴɵķػ۵˸ǲսߡ
ǣ˥֮һ˭ܿ۵˵Ĳҫ۵Ĺâǵأ̿ϴɵķǾ·һ̾ͻʧǿֲޱȵĹâת۾ͻйĨȥһС
˶Ѱ֮ʱСͻȻڱ̿ϴϷһ
~
޴ĹŴ̿ϴڣ⣬Ҳ˴һĿֲѹ½ѳţ˶ǵһ
ֻţȫһѰѷâ¶ĳɣÿһѳʵǽۣɱľ
Ǳ̿ϴɵ̫ϳϡ˶λ̫ϳϲǱ̿ϴĶ롣
߼䣬ӷСֻ߳ס̿ϴɣҲһ˲Ĺ
ȵ˻عУ۵˵սҲ˲ֳʤ۵˲κأȫȫʵȻڷ⾪춯صһ£ȴҲ۵
~
ƺھһζͬ췭ظ۵˵Ĺһ˲Ӱڵ׹
ǣһûþֺ󣬽ڽ˳Ƴű̿ϴնĵĿ־壬ǰƺһ̫Ұ޾Ĺâ
~
˶äֻžţѺۡ
~
ڣųŵ˼ޣȻ鿪һҲȥþڽأ䵽˷
Сƺһʱ򣬲ȥһĨ̺졣
۷ȴɫûκ״
ôܡ
ŰУâ֣һķٿǱĶСߣжŵĸо



1614 
뿪ˡ
ĵ䱻һͿû˰˼棬ȻСûз̿ϴɵôŭҲҿǿһչ¶ɣƵǺɨ޵С
˭
ŷ뿪Ӱﶼͷ֪ðʮطۣȫǵ֪
ǰصˣǲ̿ϴɵ˸ڷǿ
ǲ˾Ըĵ򣬶Ա̿ϴɵǿ̵֪
˵ˣʹǷ۶Ͼ򣬱̿ϴɶǰеǿɣ½ᣬȻǿɣڷǰȴҲò¸߰ͷ­
һһѹ̿ϴɣǺεǿ
͵˻˵һЩȻȣһ㿴ŷȥ֪֮ڣ֮ȻԼٶȣܵ
̫ϳϡ
̿ϴɵĵƽ˶Сǰɫѿ˼㣬ֹ
С߰˰֣û˵Ӱڿնͽ˱̿ϴڣ󣬶СҲʧˡ
ˣȻǱһ۵ˡ
ֶԸǲҪΪˣӮ˻˵ǶˣǸǰֱӽɽء
ƽҲ˽ˡ
˿ǣ۵ȻȥǱˣȴû֮ǣǲеĴҡ
˵ʧλʮطˣǱ̿ϴƺӶϴ壬ƱػᱻȺ֮³Ϊ
̫ϳϣǲǷڣûںĵƽ̣ǿ˶Сߡ
ԣҲȫע
ǸԸţȻǷ۳ڣͬһΣҪһˣôܡ
߻ۣȴҲֻ֤ʵǿĶС֤
Ƿڣʾȫͬˡ
ǵܣ˳£ҷԷڵս۳ڣΪҲƱػ⵽һȥ˵зڣۺڵǿ߿ֽۣѵȻ⿴ġ
СߵȻ֪ڴʲôϣȴΪ
ȷʵǷ۳ڡС߳
ǣһˡ૵
ʮط۵ĲǰκһζͬʲôϵǽޣǱߣڵʼʱ֮ޣʮط۵ĲΣһΣʲôϵ;ͬ顣СߵܸӦͣڷ۳ڵĲΡ

ûʲôǵģһЩž޵ľ콾ܣƼޣˣδע˻᰿죬ǵġСߵգԱһΪܣգԴΪҲδ֪
̫ϳ㾹Ȼ˸߿⻰һ۵ȫˡ
Ϊʱ򣬶ûжٰաС߿Ц
ɷȥΪûսʤİգǾ춯صһʹҪΪ֮ɫ䣬ɴͱһ棬ˣǱ̿ϴɾĴ䡣
ңҲȷʵ÷δûɳЩ뷨ڶѾɳ˵زģҲֻоԶ֮ˡ
۵лвȴҲֻܽһ
ǰ֮Ҳɨһ򣬸չֳ޵֮ˣһλ۳ڡ
ɨ
Ȼ˼£ҳŸΪĵ￪ȥ

ԭ֮С
¡¡¡¡
ӣγĺ󣬶֮УӴѶУϷˮ
Ȼ
һգſ븹Уͷһӿм׹
һ䣬̬ҲǲϷű仯ӴԽԽСƥĽ糱ˮӿ
~
գͣڷǰʱǰģһγԼߣƣ
޼᲻ݵķâγ͸
һ֣γ΢΢𶯣ʱ֣˺ա
ӽˡ¶֮ɫȽڽ˳Ķ࣬Ϊǰ֮ǰѾǾļ
~
һӦĻ
ڽͻȻӷ︡棬ңңԣһһͽڽ֣ҲǺǣ֮ҲǾȥá



1615 
졣
һɭϵĹڡ
λ۳ڵ֣̿ϴɷڵ̫ϳҲûţĬ뿪ˣѾ˶Ͼ򡭡ϣ´Ϣ١һӹվ
һλطʣ˹쳤ϵģȻʮطۡ
֪ˡһ޽΢׵ߣȻ˫Ŀؼ䣬ȴԸƥĸо˲Ҷӡ
ʱĬĬţޱ飬˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ȥɡ
ӵһᣬ͵ȵ˺ôһ䣬жʱ󼱣̲ס缸䣬һӴϵĿ⣬оһͻ죬˳˹
~
ȵһ˳ȥĬȻΣãų̾Ϣһ¶ɫ
ĬĬ£Ȼ
̾Ϣ
λ뷽Թʮطۡ
꣬ٶǣٶǰһЩ֣ɳʴ˳ȥҪѷ׽ụ̂ȻǲԶʴܶ飬ҲʧһЩ棬֪µ˲࣬η죬Ӱ쵹Ҳ
ΪĳϣȻĸɨӵķҲĻ⣬֪˾ģϾ֪ͨפ򽣴½עⷽĶ
һȣǺüꡣ
ʱһҲǽɢˣϾٶĹϵԶΪĴۣ˽⵽漣ĳɳٶȺ󣬺ϵ̬ȾЩı䡣
ŷ겻֣ϱҲ첻ˣû뵽ͻȻӾĴϢ˵ˣǳΪʮطۡ
Ϣ֮Աǵġ
ʱ䣬һԾΪʮطֱۣǸЦʹʮܡ
뵽ǿµĳɳٶȣԥ£ɳ֡
Ҫ˵ûʲôĻҲ⣬ǰԹ
Ȼһ̽Ϣȴһαһξˡ
һʮطۣɨ޵С
Щ֤˷ʵȷȷʵʵǳΪʮطɣǲʮطۡ
ȵԻ˵˷һۣڶҶֵϢϱϲɫʵȴѾ𺳵˼㡣
⡭ֱǼ˰
˲ҲͰˣϷճʱ򣬲ϾһңԶ鲻Ĺȥˣ϶Էľһġ
һǧ꣬ͳΪʮطۣĹﰡ
뵽̲סпЦ𿴷ɨˣȻҲǾںСһΧڡ
Ͼںֵطϲ̨档
ǣһ䱻¶ȥǱȻ磬ʥ̲סע
ĬҪȷһЩȴǳǧꡣ
磬ûֹôʮط۰ǽǵһλ
֪һϢĺ䶯ԣ
УϢסˣ뾡㱨ȥվ
Էһ̶ȵ˽⣬ȴҲû뵽쵽̶ֳȣһ浽ˡ
ͷ֮䣬һޣںģͿ϶ǲϧһдۣնɱ˷һ󻼣ŵҲûκμֵȻȴȵĺá
ǣͷʲôһСԹֵһᣬǰѹûԹ
⻹ҪƽȥԲˣϾûκκô෴߲֪죬жĻܵõĺô
һͨ˽ڣлȻʣæ˹ȥ

ϻЩɻ󣬲׷Ϊʲô¶Լ䣬ķʽҲֻܹڣ׼ʵʱ¶
һʼͽ¶ĻЧȻ̫ãԽԽ죬۷ȻĿ֮£¶һܣЧȻǺ䶯ޱȣٶȴ齣磬ʥĿ⡣
ҲЩΪģȴҲĺͽѣһ˵⾳
ȴ֪ͲڴʲôĿʥע
Խ͵ԽõĻ֮ãԲʵʮطǺεǣһȫǵ͵ġ
ҪսҲУöˣ˼ʮطѹ㡣
ʤϵʤȥڽ
£ԽԽãܾɽ֮еĿģ⡣
ԣŻԶĶϾʼսΪ˲ײ鵽
Ҳʱˡ
뿪˶Ͼ󣬷սûֹͣ
ÿһ򣬱ضսķ۳ڣ޲ǴȫʤΪµս
ʮʮһʮʮ򡭡
űɨĴӣҲǷҡֱϣԽԽ㣬Ҳ淢



1616 
ʱҴң뽣Ҳһʱ䡣
˪Ϊ㣬תսʱգѾжʮ򱻺ɨʮλ۳ڱܣݺ޵УҲ֮롣
Ȼʮ򣬷綼㲻϶ǿȴҲΪ֮ӵĴڣȴһһ£ȻȻģ÷ƣЩУֻݣܳҡ
˿Ѫڣ޲ûΪȻԷ˵ɨʮҲתսµĻˡ
գһ۸ٷš
ڣζһսĵʧò˵սȷʵǼǱܵĺ÷֮ϣһֳͻͽ̬ƣ죬ǰ޷ġ
Եʱ򣬷֮·֮ĵڶԲˡ
Ҳʩչ˥֮Ļ½һʽ
Ȼ֮Ľȣ϶ǲܺطȵģֻػҪһЩңԶޱȡ
ڲ˴꣬ûôȥ֮ǣ֮Ľȴ˿
֮ԻˣΪԲ˴Ϊ
䣬˴ٷչţУٷչĵεΣΪһξصĻۣԷ˵޿ɴ档
ͻͽĳͻۣҪġ
Ϊʲô֮淨ûбʵϣ˷ǳ٣ӵɣȥ
Ҳǽˡ
Ҫ֮һ֮ǵһͷǳˣ⻹鷳ģ֮ĽĳɳأĿǰ˽ģˡ
һĳɳ԰ǣǺεȵĻ
Ҫɳ˴ĳ̶ȣҪǧ꣬ã˭ȵ
˴ɳ֮죬һǽԴӣǸĶ֦ҲҪ
Щͼ֮淨Ѷʵ̫󡣵ȻһɹҲǴ޷
ǺεȴڣֱԴԴΪ֪
ҹеǿ֮Ҳ֮Ϊ壬ȻĿǰҽһ淨
ˣôʲôء
ȻʧЦȷʵĺԶҲ롣
ţ
ʰ飬ȻһĿ罣ǰֻŽʳ֣һ͵ǰȻײϡ
ҵıУ˲䱻ʵķ顣
ڲԶգܿĹನͲΪˡ
ڡ
ͻϮ󣬶ԷĹûֹͣڹâеӰȻ֣һǰһ󣬵ס˷ȥ·
ĿһɨȷǵʵǷڡ
ֻǣŹ˼ɣڹâ¶ĿϷԸķҲ֪֮٣ϲǵ
ˡ
΢ȴûж⡣
Ԥ֮С
ڱ̿ϴɣһۣʽȷ˷ڷ۳һѷֵʵٸĴУûһλ۳ϻǷĶ֡
ǣǾ٣۵˵ļѾ
򣬻ǲ
սɣװ׵Լҵ棬ͽ棬ս޹⡣
Ҷǣľûԡ
һְ취ֹսȥǲϧɱ
Ȼ£սĹսǲҲˣû˻ĸԸģ䵱˵ĵʯ
ɨʮ򣬷ͷɵֵҲһЩҲסˡ
Ϊһڽûκοɽˣ֪ᱻϣһֱС£ٴģսҲ뿪Ҳǽ洦ɼģһ㶼ۡ
ҵ׼ȷһսʱ򣬱˰ˡ
ѹҪϵĲףȷʵҪ࣬ǶԷַ£͸ˡ
߼䣬Ժ˼תͽȥĲˡ
λڣҲһԲͣҲֱͣӳŷ˹
ͻȻӳġ
֮ǣЮŹ쳾λڣ;Ƿ˱仯ڽȻһ磬ܱţת˲߹ͷޱߵء
ǣ˥֮
λǱ֮һ£𵴣漴˥֣֮ƽĽڽ۵֮ʢǶΪ֮ɫ䣬˭Ĳ۵ĸоæػﻹ˵ϱġ
ȵ˫һ嫻ֺĽһת۾ɢ
һ㶣žͷӦĿȥֻһ̾ͳʣһʧ



1617 Σ
Ȼˡ
λڴֲٶȿ쵽˼㣬һᣬʱȥ׷Բ׷ˣֻĿŷʧ
ĽԤϣҲ¶֮ɫ
Ǹû뵽ܵôɴࡣ
ʵϣǱ˵ĻҲΪһʼʹܵ⣬Ͼһʼȫ֣֮飬Ȼ˥֣֮嫿ֲ𺳣ȥƺҲеһƴ£˭Ϊ׼һֳ˭ǿ˭ˡ
ǣһ֣λڲŷ֣ƺƴ˥֮Уһ
ҲǱ֮Ӱ죬£ֱܷǲеģᱻԻס
ܺɨʮޱȾһλڵ
ס̿ϴɵλ̫ϳϣԷҶ֣ΪǶǺû뵽
һλҡҡͷ
һ۳ڣڶ֣̫ˣϾܶϤббĿģɷڵˣϣͲԵ̫ͻأ֮Ӱ죬ű˳
׷϶׷ˣܼҵ𣿡˵ķʵ
һûлشǰѯ֮ʱҲû
ֻǰͻȻһŤһڹâеķ˳ǰˣķڣȻﵽˣӭУһڰС
Էӣɴ˿ɼһߡ
ڱ̿ϴסСߣҲЩڲ⡣
ĬˡλڿڵĹƣҲ˽ȥ
ֵ˻ᱻԻ󣬿ɵȴᣬȫڷǰ
УϵӡҲʧˣҪһʮط۲ס
ģҲδؾܳɹѶȻ
޷Ȼˣǵ̬ȳĬӦҲ֪ˣĻǲһλ
Ĭ֪ʲôߣľһõġһҲ
ǿɲ
֪ǴðģһһǵﲻǾ鷳ˣǰȴһ˱ĿΪ˲¶
ɨʮסˣǣȷǰ
һ棬ɳ˴ȥأ̽Ūıʵ̫󣬴ϢҪʱ䡣
һ棬Ҳɳ֣淽εˡ
ҪǸɵǻδظңǽ֮شϾڷЩ죬һ£ûܵˡ
ϣ֪Ȥɡ
λת뿪

ҫһƫƧɽ´Ʈ
ȷ϶Էû׷ͣ˶Ĵ߶
ɺûչֶ٣ٶȷȴǱӵ쾡£ڿգУ֮ȵģ½Ǿ켶ҲǷͬСˣһķ۳ڸ׷ϷʹǷڣʧȥȻ£Ҳ׷ϡ
Ҳλû׷ϵԭͽȻ׷ˡ
Ҳ̴ˣսǰȥ硣
λڡȡһ۴漴˳˼
жϳˣλڣζУֱӾܡ
ǺôֱʣǾ𣿡Ц
һ˼Ͳ³˶ԷĿġ
ȥð찡
üͷ΢΢
Ǻľ棬Σ򲻹ҲӣӮΣҲﵽ˴Ŀġ
Ҫ˵ΪʲôҪ뽣磬ѵǴΪ˴ڽ
ʵȻˣȻڽĴ벻ޣҪĻȫҵ˳֣ץһλķǿҲ͹ˣȫñķͬĿġ
֮ԲΪҪĥҪǿ֮
תսµľԷԣҲ󣬸һĥº
սȥǰѣҲҪ
ǷҲ£ۺҲˡ
ۺڣ̫ǿˡ
ɨĶʮУۺҲֻˣЩǿҲδǶˣֻҪһˣܵĻᶼûС
ȷʵһβСΣɨȥۺҲס
ǶһɵĴߣں档
Э

䣿
ֱӷǵûٺôһΥԭΪȡӭѶϲѡ񣬲κɨ¡
취סǡ૵



1618 Ԩ
ˣǷۺڣʵ϶ǲеģһЩƣԸۺڣδ𲻵á
Ҳˣǽ磬ޱܶƶ޷ʹá
ܶԸ˷ۺҲûʲô壬ֻܽһʱ֮Σǿע⡣ΪͬѰ·
һ۳ڣȻܶԸ˷ۺڣ½һԵģżĺ󻼣Ҳ죬ֻҪȷϣûʲôǿϾǰһӵϣҪŪܡ
α꣬ȴβ˱
ôģ£ڽϡ
Ʒս絽Уÿʱÿ̶ΪٵսڽţʹǾڷ۳һΣڽʷ϶ʤ
ȻЩսǣӮϼӮʮɨĴҲֻмɨһͬߵǣתۼţڼСΧһĺ䶯ӰвԶԶͬɨʮķȡ
ȻҲ˿ȷԶȷҪɫ
Щʥʮطһʱйתս֮У󲿷ֶٺɨһΣ޵Уһλʥɨ磬ѹ콾ȺȻʧɫҲΪ˳̡
˵ʥʮطҲһЩرǿģɨ磬߲ɨ
Щ˵ĳɾͣԶķ
ʮ򣬽һʼˡ
ʷЩɨ˽ܣҪôǱŴ֧֣Ҫô֮󣬼һС֮ͽ
߶֮߱ˣ٣ںɨ;أʱ
ϾҪԵľͲͬһεˣи߲εļһ
Щˣ޲Ǿž֮
磬ִƽĳǽһˣɨһ磬ңڵ۷һ̣ҲǴ˼ޣת񣬳Ϊ
ǰ˵ľɣֻϧҲǽ֮ˡ΢΢̾Ϣ
ǽ֮ˣȻԥ߶Կµĵ·ȻأΣأȻһߵͷҲջױȵķ羰
·ûѡ
ֻһǿˡš
ʵˣֻ
ЩΪʲôҶ֣Ϊһֱûб¶ûһǿ壬Ȼ̲סա

Ȥ˺кܶࡣ
ɨʮ˭ܿǿ͹ǰ˭š
ʮкܶ࣬ǶʮڣԷȤҲڣϾֻսз۳ڵǲÿз۳ڵģǺͷ֮䣬ûκìܳͻ
ǰδעˡ

Ԩǡ
ȻҲһЩطǾԵİȫڣЩط޲ǺеĹϵϵԶǵٶܱ֮ȵģֱ׷ɱû˸Ρ
ԨǣһڣļʮУҲΨһһ
ΪԵİȫԣԨǷ֮ˣǺ͵ж̸еȵȣѡںԨǽС
һ۴Զٽ󣬷̤˳С
һλʮطۡ
ſڴ׼ǵע⵽һĻȫ¶֮ɫԨӴޱȣ˿룬ںԨǵϿգǿ󷨣ֻʮطһɳ롣
ˣֻҪ˷뺣ԨǣȻʮطɡ
ȵȣƺе졣һüͬߴ˼ͻȻ¶֮ɫĬǳĬոǵʮطǳĬ
ʲôĬ
ɨʮĳĬ
һʯǧˣǴ˵ͬ飬Χ޲ǻȻʵ̫ˣ˵˲֪˲
Ȼ֪ԼǴ˶ĶǺ󣬾ͳŶԷµĵַȥ
ҪŪЩԷȤһס
Է͸ߵƣںԨʱȴĴݹ٣Ҳѡ
һŪˡ
ԨǾ԰ȫĵط˷Ҳõģʲô塣
ûãһֺΰ¥ͳڷǰҲ˫Լõļ֮ء
һ֣Ͼע⡣
վſڵļɲĿķһæ߽棬ܿ죬һģӴ˳۾ʱ
ĬˣС˹һ
ҡ˵ͷ
ˡ鿺֪֮ͨλˡ



1619
λ£ǽӵרŸ£ѷӭȥϾͿʼϵںԨˡ
ԷȤģֹһҡ
ܿ죬мʮѶ˷ڵ¥㡣
Щ˶ԸĴԶֹʮķΧķԣʱͣʹ˸ϰٸ
ټ¥㣬ˣȴԵó֣˻˼ֳۣŷһ񣬾ȥû˸Ρ
˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱΪʮط֮ҲһֱںԨǡ
ˣЩȻǸɵȨȨȴûмʮطۣڷǰȻǱϹϾ
Ĭˣ˶ˡ´յǰС
˵ͷĿɨˡ
ҾǳĬڣˣȴ뵽ǵ޵ĻԸ߲֮ѹһȥ¾ûмվȡ
΢΢ҡͷջ˼֪ǵĿģˣ˵㡣
һһսȥ
û᲻ɫӣڶԨǰҸձλڷ
Ⱥ󻩡
˶ŵ̧ͷϢʵ̫ˡ
λڷ
ǿӣһ㶼˵ӣѵλҲκβ
һ𾪵˵ǻȻ
Ȼһʱ˶Ǳνɨ䣬Ҳ侲
ǰˣǺɨʮݺ޵е콾˽ܡ
гˣ°ɡ
⻰Ĭ˳ȥ
˼ˣҪԣսȥսĺҲˣǱλڷ
ԲںҪͱԼܷסѹ
ⶼǸ̸û̸ˡ
Ȼеϧڳˣѡ˳ҲûϣһʸģҪԵҲԵжʧ䡣
󣬳нʣˡ
ҲǿһۣһϵߣЦһ΢ֵӣüżָ߰һ󺺣ﲻɽ
ǰŵƽ̣ơ󺺿һۣǶڣûȽԼ˼վ˵Լҵ
򣬲ڱɨĶʮ֮Уţǰĵһǿɡ
Աźƿߺ΢һۣȴ˵ûκα仯Ȼŵûа嵽ǡ
һλ
Ϸ򣬷Ϊɽ߳һڣǿѹ޼᲻ݵķâˣȻάһ˲ȴҲ˺Ȼɫ䡣
ʮطۡ
ߣȻУΨһһʮطۡ
ɽۣĹɽ۴ˡ´һ¶ǿҺɫƵҲɵһͣ־ɫ
Ȼδλʮطۣڳ˶׹
ɽۣǷ۳ڣҲǷڣһλۺڣְһУҪܱ
͵͵˹ɽһۣߺƲһԶʮ
ȻɽڵֻһλʮطۣҲԼˣͷ֮䣬ҲûʲôԹ
һλۺںԨǵȴԷӳ̶ȿ֪
أ鲻䣬ƺɽһ˲չ¶ķâһ㣬һˡ
ǽ򣬰ٽ˵ˡ΢ӵ
ʲô
оɫ䣬ɽ۶üͷɫĿ΢һۡ
΢ӵʵǿֻоطʵĲΣ̫ˡ
򣬲ڸϰ棬෴ǳңԶǣȴǷ綼պյǿǶϾǹɽۣЩСԶˣ֪ʲô⡣
˫ѹͲһġ
ɽڸϰٴУŵڽ򣬿¸Ʋٷˡ
˵ٽˣƺڽŵŵĴ૵
Ʋ˵ˣɽҲĬ
۱ԶܺͰٽȡ
ĬˣΣǰٽ˲õѡ񡣡˶˵ˣ΢Щ⣺ֻаٽˣܳΪʵĺܣĻٺ٣Ҳ߲˶Զ
˵д˼в;Ӹ£ȻĴҲЩ޿
ٽˣʲô깽⣿
ͻȻŵĴűƿ˴˽



1620 ̸
ͻĺףٹ¾ûյκϢ㵵̧ͷҪ˵ȴֹˡ
ʶˣӦ˵ûʣµˣȴǵá
ʡ
᰽֣ܵλطʡ
һ˵Ҳͺ֮ˡ
ҲǷϳ˺ȴһͷˮȫȻİףֵĴʹʴʣʹԵĲǣȴҲЩ
ɫ΢û˵ʲôɽһʱǿķâ֣ͬ籩ѹˣȻâǸոո֣ڶԷмһֱ̧ĿЦЦɽһݣʶԷǿҲǳĬ
Ψ΢ӱס
ôĵӣ˵ٽ깽⣿΢ӵ۾俴ˣأǴĸطĳ飬֪ߵغ񡣡
΢һֱǽŵģٽ˵ĳ̣˵ʵû⸽ϰˣ㷽ǿ죬ҲʼŸӵ̬Ϊ߸ϡ
֮ʱ˵ķӦҲݸ߸ϵ̬ɽķۺڶĬˣ΢ӵ⵽˼㡣
ȻʱͻȻ˼ˣһſھʹԲѣٽ˱һǴ԰ٽΪ΢ӣܡ
ΪԨǰȫǾ͡΢ӶݺݵĿˣд⣬Źǡ
󵨡
ûѻ˵꣬мȴüͷһ壬һ΢˱ĵǽϣһʺӡȥĿġ
㣬Ҵҡ΢ӵƲأδĶ⣬ȴգˡ
һҲŵĻɢ
ǺԨǣԷĶ֣ǹɽ۰㣬һȫͬ˵Ļǽٽ˵ˣ̬֮
΢Ҳǽعζѹзıŭɱ⣬׼Ԩǵˡ
֪֮طʵʵڶԷǰͲ֪Է޼ɵҲȥֻеĺǿҡ
мȴÿ΢һۣӳһƸ£赭дķԸĻóȥǿ
˵Ŀⶼϡ
Ʋ֪ʲôɣǽľڱϸһŹ뵣ֺӭ˸оŸ߸ϵĲ죬ڳ֣⡣
⡣
죿
һƵڵأƺ͹ɽ͵վ΢ǲŻȥ
죬ˣȻ졣
һȣٽ˾깽ˡ
û˻Ƶ٣ǲܷƵģҲû˸Ҽð
ƺ͹ɽۿ΢ӵĿͬ飬˵طһƶǰװġ
΢Ҳ룬˵ٽģǺεȾˡ
ȻҲ΢̫ԼݣƬϣܲκ˷ŭģû̫࣬˳ʾƣҲû˻ţҲˡ
ɵˣ뿪ɡмɨˡ
֪˺˵ķǲͬƺ͹ɽ۲ҳɣ΢ӱǵĶ졣
һΣ¶ʶȤ뿪ˡ
Уֻʣ·ˡ
ԶΪץһȥɡһۣ
֣ȷʵԤϡ
Ͼս뽣磬ǽڽԴͷתս£ѡԶĵ򣬼ʹעҲӦ졣
ģһ
һΣȫûҲĶ󣬷ȴǲֵһģʱ̣ԶĹעǿҲһٽˣ΢ӵİ̬ȣҲרΪʷᡣ
ˣĳ֣Ѱζ
˴̽ҵҵ򣿻ҽʱ򣬾ͱˣ֪ʱܸо˿ţȴҲǺͨĲ쿴ƾ˾뵽Բʵ
ǺǣĬ˵Цˣҽһ£ĳϣ֣֣΢ЦƺûļǰΪ˻֮ᡣ
ˣλǺϣҲµ
ָָ֣ӽ󣬾һԵߡ
֮£ѾˣȫٶǣҲɱΣŻԣǹҲΪǸ⣬һ񡣡
֣ϵĻһ˿ΣȴҲֻ׼Ǹ
ˡ˰֣ûԿҲҪʲô񡣡
ΣûʲôҲʲô
л¶м֮ɫݣȴҪǸȻǷǳѿһлҲǳġ
Ǹ㹻ˡ
֮⣬һһĿģĬ졣֣ɫ
ȻȻһԤ֮С
Ҫ˵ڽ磬ĸĵϸ˽⣬·Īˡ
Ҫһ£ôõѡ񣬷۽磬˭ҲӣʹǱˣҲŭԷΪ
ǣʺ
˵˵ǵ
תս£ԼȥḺ𱣼ݻҲ˲ӡ֣٩٩̸
֮ǰҪȺǻ죬ʽţҲܸȤӦûὫΪ洫ᣬתս£Ҳܷġ
׳һջ
һԵʺͺѾĿɿڴ˷ϣõ˼νݺʵȴԶ֣ϣҲ쿪һͷĿѣ
ʥ洫ᡭ
ǺεȵջκΪ֮ݣԸĻϾͻӦ
ǣȴͬ⡣
ģѹʥڽӴ£Ļͺ˵ˣʥľ粻ģᱻʥΪ洫ˡһԹȥ̾ͻᱩ¶
쿪ס
Ҳ̫ؾͬҲᣬһʧ֤˷ľ԰ȫΪʧܶ䣬Ҫ֪ʷϣս;еˣʤ
Ȼ޷ܡ
Ҳͬ⡣
ʲô֣һ㶣ϺҲ˼飬źҲͬ⣿
ųԹȻͽˣ˭֪ǲǱ湤ĿΪ˰ڲȥ죬һ죬ٲҡնԣϻλذɡ



1621 ľ
ҪᣬⷬΪԲʲô湤򣬶г⣬ҲҪκα湤򡣡
֣üͷһ壬Щԥ
ҲһЩ
˵ٺǸ˵ǼòˣǿûҲܳΪģǸ֮ٸ̸˵ȴǵĳ⡣
֣ϵˣʵҲԹԵģǷǸô
ȻгΪϣȻΪʲô湤Ϊƭȥ죿
ֱǿЦ֮
֣ϺٺãҲ̲סҪжŭ
Ĭ˵ڵʵȻȴʲôǣҪץȥֻһˣʹںԨҲûʲôôαطƭ㡣֣ϳ
ҲʵȻԶǷ󼰵ġ
ǣ֣ôȰ˵ֻͣһ䣺˵档
ûжҲûκתأǿӲޱȵıԼ̬ȡ
֣ϵɫ
ϣ㲻Ҫڡ
俴˷һۣܵĲɣ֣ûٶ˵ʲôźϺת˳ȥ

Ԩĳ
ǳĬǰ׳𣿡ʵ૵ȫ޷⣬뷨
ͺԥӦˡ
ʥ״ᣬǺߣڽ൱ڶһôϵڱĴ£˴ͷҲʹҲ֮ٵģôѡ
޷⣬޷⡣Ҳҡͷ
֣ϡ
γ֣ϲʣǺͷ֣ҪǸĻеʸ񣬾Ҳûжٲ廰ء
ӷŵĽһƫִ֮ˡ֣ϳ£˵ûнǵǸԭΪΪûԿԲںӦûз¶ĳԹ
˵Ŀ΢ĿۺϺʡ
һͣҲô֣ϣҺͳĬ֮һЩСԹҳԿҡ
˵ıԿԼһ¶ûС
վĽǶȷʵˣĬôأûС֣Ͽһۣ
˺㣬֪ˣ᰽ɶס֮Ҳûж֮ˣ£ֻѡģԶ磬ڳĬ֮Ϊܴ裬Ҳμġ
ĬĺһʧǼ꣬⼸ζȹģ˶ټĥѣڶ̶䣬ʹ֮ޣΪʮطۣľǷ˵ģþһҲΪЩĥѣҪ׷ѰԹᵽӱȶĿʼҲ죬㺫ϵȺ
ĻĬǵĳҲͿˣ϶ˣô˵š
֣̾˿˵ԼƶϣҲºģܽͣΪʲô˵ĹĪĺôҪ
⡭ƺ죬ȴԷ
֣ϵƶϣؼڷʧǼڷ飬һ㣬֪ӷıƶϣҲֻ룬ź
ϾΪʮطۣ̫˼飬ľ϶ҲǷǷжĪʹࡣ
һʱ䣬Ȼ뵽Ϊ±¶ŲԸȥ졣
û뵽һСԹȻܷչ̶ֳȣڲݵĳӡϿЦеСԹڱȴޣֲ
֣ϣô죿
ԣ֣ԥһ£γ÷졣
ԭΪֻҪǸ˳⣬һܸжʥ״ջ̾ͻ룬ҲֵκѶȣڵȴĲܡ
𣿡
ҵҪǲĲܡ֣ͻȻЦĿ⿴ĺϺʶǻһ
һνĽٽˣʹ˳ĬȴҲõϾĬǰδпܳΪһǿ֮ʮطۣɣһݽ顣
ЩĿ죬ֺαںЩ
֣ĿúϺҴһڡ
ĬǶ֮𣬶ǵǸмһӲ𡣡
ҵҪǿѹ£ܱܲסǿӲ·£᲻ЭȻҲ֪ھľʲôұ֤Եģǿʮٱ
Į飬һ˵
ҪҪѶȥʾһ£ԥ¡
ԡ֣ϵţû˻ᷴԵģû˵ôɨӣǵĵˡ
ΪԼ˭һ۳ڰˣ̫С˭⡣
ʷϣǰ콾ֻûһˣЩˣĿ죬ٵĸ졣
ڵûг֮˶˵۱ġ
ϵ˵ͷ֪֣˵ʵ
˵вģҲʥԲ壬ӷΪᣬɳͷˣδпܳɳߵľ磬Ҫ˵϶ϣΪʥȴ˻ô˵
ԼҲʮطۣȻ֪һΣҪǰһǺεȼѡ
ԽߣԽǿ˾ҪһδεĴޣԽң£ĵ·ϣ˶콾˽ܣ
·Ե۰׹ǣݺ֮
Ĭʲô
ͷۣɲδҲߵĸԶ֮䣬ûоһ˵
磬ҲֻһˣųƵǾԡ
ΪԼʥ𣿡֣ϲסЦ
ˡϵ
ΪԷһǻǴѶ죬ѯʸ߲ҲԤϣǱߴΪŭ֣ȫȨ
ӵһʱϾ֪ˡ
ڷǰģֻ·ˣҪôǿѹ£ֻܱȼ죬ȻƵļ룬Ҳ浽ηեȡӶϵʣֵɱвҪ֪ôʱڷۣǲʲô
Ҫôʯ١
һ֣Էԣ³ҡ
Ժ϶ˣűܹҫǳΪΪâûųƲĽΪǣڽת۶š
ܶԷǺι۸Уϴʱн̾Ϣ

֪ľ
֣ϵ뿪ûκԭȶĸȤĹɽ۵ˣҲǲӰ÷Щˡ
ա
ǰݷãľĽһͨ뺷˷ǰͨϵݲֻ࣬һ仰ڣ뿪Ԩǡ
ǣ



1622 ǿѹ
Ĭ
һŵĻƺܸܵڷƽµŭ£Ĭˣҡ
µ˼㣬Ϊһɵú˻ܵõĺô֪תۼ±仵£ֲεĶУһССĹ£׾١
ûú뿪ˡ
Ԩǣ𣿡ͨ뺵΢΢Ц
νľ԰ȫ֮أҲˡ
ȥʣܲ³˭ڱʩӰ죬úԨǵĳͨ뺣ͬ
ò˵һ֣ȷʵ
ǽİٽˣҲɵĻҲǺþۺɢ⽫ҵﵽΪûаգأ֮Ҳûޡ
һ㡣
ƬڣڵεԺգδǰʵǲҪɵΪǿȲ˵ЩܷɵԷ˵ֻҪԨһ㣬ܹЩգѵٽ˻ɱԨҪˣ
ٽ˸᳤ʱֲȷģڽǱߣͬŵˣȷӺĲ
ˣô룬̸вɽڣ
ȴһ
ԶԶ󼰵ģԨİȫ֮أҲʩѹ£뿪˵һ缸û֮ء
ò͸ɴٵ𡣡૵
ܲ³֣ϵ˵뷨ȻǱŭˣοɺͺǴβһǵ죬ôʩӴӰء
һ֣޷ɽ⡣
ȷʵг⣬רǰǸԼ̬ŵĺܵͣóõ
ƫƫȴܴӦ
ûкʵͣȫǲġ
ʹҪһȴӦݻתսºȥ죬ҲӦΪİȫ޷֤
ңõǰˣ㶼ҪƫƫҪǲǣʲô⣿
Էʮֲġ
ǣֻǿӲ̬֮ȾܾȻҲֱִ̬ȣŭ
޷⣬ֻԡ
죬̫ˡ΢΢ҡͷ
ĵһ޴ıδԤϵģڷԭļƻУӦô֣ʱ࣬ȴǲά衣
˵ļƻ˼ȫ̴ҡ
չǱ˵ĵ̡
һڳӿķҡȵȸѹȥһŽĳ䣬ȴʱ޵
պ
Ԩ´ͨȻԨڣȴûκζĴǣڱ֮
ڵĵطͿһˡ
Ǻǡ
һЦ⡣
ͨǺԨǵĳµģȻλҲһ۳ڰˣʵǱȲϷģӲҪĻԺԨǶԣ»κβ
ǣԨ˾ηģԶǱйϵ
һΣʱһλ֣Ͼͻֱӳ֣ӺԨץȥʹԱ˵Ҳһ˵ùȥĽ
ܸоңԶ̶ֱĿ⣬ɽϷʣҪĺϷ
ЦͻȻ˳ȥ
棬ϣžڼǰ⻹һĴǡ
ؼ䣬ʵʰѹǵأÿһأһַĸоص˼㡣
һУڳϻС
ֱͨ⣬ÿһԽңԶľ룬ټĳǳأʮꡣ
ԣӸ߳һЩӰߴһЩĿ⡣
Ƕû뿪ԨǵˣʱŷֻǿϷҲͬġ
ͻȻһϤӰɽۡ
ǰ췢һ˸ʮطۡɽ죬Ҳֻ˵һ䣺Сġ
һ£
⸽˭Ҳӣж˲ֺ죬ɽģҲԼȴֹˣҺǹĶŸɡ
˵ͷû˵
ֻҪλ֣ϳ֣һҲ͹ˣȻûôչʾԼǿӰҪԼ棬ǾҪһģѷӲͷϡ
ѹ
Ӵޱȵѹ
֣ϵ˷ȥһ̣һ֣Ԩǵͨ뺡ڵɽ۵ѡȵȣһжεģεǿѹ˷ڷϡϣѹȡ



1623 ս
ſڣٿȻվ
ԸܵԶ򰵣ŲٹעĿ⣬Щ˶ڹעŷĽ
Ȼ˵Ҳ룬ڣ߾ײˣǳʲôɣޱȵ⣬ҲΪ֮Ŀвڲ²⣬ӳɨ޵еķһǲҪˡ
ûΪ⡣
ô˫űʵĲ࣬κ
ĲѹԷֵһ̣ɽ纣ͬڰŵĴأǿκϣ
ûаϣ𣿡̧ͷ
޿ɷϣǾˣֻһӤ
ңһΣҲû·
Ԩٲǰȫ֮أ߲ͨĵ·ҲضϣĶ磬Ҫ뿪죬ʥֻѹȡ
˫ʵ֪࣬
Ҳ֣ϵҪܵģ·ӵľƴҲ޼¡
Ϊ̫󣬾;ʲôЦǻǱˣԲҡĿ䣬бŷǿҵս⡣
ڲ˴ʱ׾;Ǻ߽֮Ϊһ֮
ؽǷֱ׷ǧʢϵǶ硣

࣬ڷľУкܶࡣ
Ϊѹȣǵûѹ巽һ
뽣һֱΪӪСĽڿҲǹˡ
ȻҪսǾսʹɡ
Ƿеļо˵̹Цһ̤߳˺Ԩǡ
Цˡ
ľ·ӻЦóѵĬǷˣ
Ԩڣעһս˲е⡣
ΪʲôڳĬЦУûиоͷ񣬷ɺ˷ء
һͻȻ˶Ĭ

Ц
ҵҪһ㻹ܲЦĳ
һӴϣ֣ϸֶΧվźϣԼʮطۡ
Ŀ⴩ңԶ룬˷ϣϷʣ׼ŷ飬ȻĳЦȴɫĳⲻǿлЦĶԽսڴ
֣֡
뿪ԨûжãǿѹǰڴһսĻ
λ۳ڡ
Ц𣿳Ĭһ۵Ĵڣλ۳ڣʲôô
ӭλ۳ڣս̲סɻ
Сλ۳ڵһΣ˸ʮλʮطԸĬ˫ʵԣȫˣȴôˣĿ޷ΪɱӺĬӦҲһ㡣
Էһؾ޴ѹóĬĴɵ
Ĭʩչһ۵ֽӦɱһһֱʹãھˣԽսľͱ»ᵽɡ
λ۳ڣ⻹һ˾֣òɱﵣĬ»ͷۡ
ԶһλʸϵĴš
ڹս߷ʱ򣬷λ۳Ҳײһ
λ۳ڣȫʶ°ܽ췢ӦģȻǱɨĶʮϣһѩǰܡ
Ϊ׵ģȻǵһսۡ
ĬΡ۷Ц˵ĵ⡣
Ȼ֪ͷ޴󣬵һβһӴѹѹκһ˶ȻҲ⣬ţͺͳ֮Լһڵķ϶ӲȫʵԼѩܵĴʱ
Ļû˵꣬
쳾ӡġ֮
ԺиոתͷͿһźպγ壬ռ䱻˺ѣһ˺ģ۵塣
ۣ
һ䣬һλ۳ڣ䵱
뽣󣬷ſƣʹǶսҲûɱԷǽ֮ܣˣ𽣽̫𵴡
һΣڷ󣬷޹˼ɣҲչֳ˷â
ǿʵ𣿡
û뵽һֱĬ
ִķŷ֣ûȫ֮Уƺơ
ѳǾʹûмҲûսʹá
սķƺҲ˱仯һɱۣõ֤
ȻⳡսȻ⣬Ĭ˵ǿһЩϲΧ۵Ⱥ뵽
뷨սȴûֹͣλ۳ڣ㶣žͼɱ


1624
ԡ
ԨڣԹ۵Ѿüͷѯʣͽŵλʮط۱ֵ̫ˣ֮ѵûκδ
仰һ˵˷׷׷Ӧ
ȷʵ̫ˡ
λʮطۣҲǷ۳ڣʵǿҪһ۶һնɱˣǣǲڻ££ǻľΨֲ۵ĺ󳾣
Ȼڿ˵ȴǻȻ⡣
Ͳ
Ҫ֪ɳֻ֣֣ϺͺλʮطۣȫǸģЩʮط۳ɸ죬ΪҷһѩǰܵģҲΪ˱ȵġ
ǣһɣΪ첻ΣΪƴ
ʹϵ죬ȴҲܳû˻ԼЦλʮط۵ģȴȫԸʮֲ⡣
ѵ˵
طЩʮطۣǱɿ£ͷһЩԺиϾͱˡ
޿ܣΪطֻ˵Ŀֻţû˸ȥҲֻҴţڴڹͥʹˣ¸߸ϵҲᱻַ
Ĭһʩɱ֣ΪˣҲĺܶʮط۶ӦٶΪƴڿĿĻˡȺУ˳
Щ˷ܲҲֻһˣû

Թ۵˸ģͲ˲ס
ÿλʮط۵ķӦ˺ʱͲˡ
ᡣ
ת̾˹
ͬᣬһڣǿıãڣӦıڰȫĵطˡ
Ҫ˵Ѷ˵󲻴˵СҲСΪʮطۣȻʸ
Ȼ츳ǱϵҳȻʮֿ󣬶ֻǰҳˣֱôڵģһ˿ûԽˣϵʱԽ̣ҲԽ
ʱǿоģҲѡ˳ʱ䣬Ҳ٣һҲ֮ıʱƽ˷ѡ
ģıʱ䲻̫ѾãΪʮطʮ꣬СսŲţᱣʱ仹δþʹУҲƽ˷Ҳһ
۵˵ϵҳĴ۵ʮֲصģõģԼġ
졣
춯Լǵʱᣬ֮Σǰؽǧʢᡣ

ؽǧʢǺεʢ£ͨ˳Ե˶ʱᣬһ֮࣬ڸ輸ʮʱ˵ʲôᣬʱÿ»ǧʢ֮ʱۼʹܸҲҪһˡ
ͳȴǿҲѹЩ˸ԸΪ
㣬ҲףҪסǣǲʵˣҲûϣ档

ǺǣĬӦ÷ˣвκˡ
ϣ֣ЦŰȻ֮ɫ
졣
Ҳֻóۼ͵ʱԶ֣ܵһκ˶о
죬ŵ̫ˡ
Ľ濴ȥƽʵӿһĽִ֮Ƶʱ䲻ˣҲʱһȨˡ
֣ϵʵ㲻ö⣬⣬һλᣬĺˣ֪ҲΪݣҷҲ
ȻЩɱţˣһʷʮطۣҲʸ񡣡
ֻܹԼˣ˭㲻Ը죬·㲻ߣƫ
ĿͶλã֣ת䡣
ѹ

ꡣ
һ۳նɱ
һȻη뷽֮޴ʵȴ޷ֲûþһһնɱ
۳ڣĻԷ˵ίʵûав
Ǹտʼˡ
ûȷһ˴ǰΪߺȻһλڣ˵ֹ̳λ˴Эһ鷳
ڿɲöԸ
һҲûܽκһˡ
ˣ
һλڵǿߡ
ֵˣԹ۵˷׷ҡͷ˼ս󣬷;ĩ·ˡ



1625 
ѹȣǵأ˴ͬһɽѹ
ûôģںԨǹսˣѾǵһоǿֲѹˡ
뷨ǽЩʮط۷ֳһǰͬ಻ľˣһʼʱ򻹲ôģǽѹԽԽ󣬻ûȽһĶ֣һˡֻ۶ѹ˱
˵ôڶӦǷ۳ΪǣĬһʼֵ̫ǿˣһɱۣķ۳ڶԳĬβѹǣ÷ǰǳ
ˣ˷ԽĬѹ
˵жżֺɫ
ǵĻӵĿֲѹ£Ҳ־ҲҪչʾ˿ģٿԨЩ˵ķӦˡ
ֻǣҲɻ󣬳Ĭֵô󶯸ɸ

ȴû̲
Ϊ׵ķ̧̧֣ͣ֡
ۼãǷǵڶ˶ţûֹͣսλһ˿ŭɫйͭɫĳȻһӡ
~
ֲĽХ˼㣬ͬɽХһ㣬ǷҲ˽ȥ
Ԧٶޱȣɶһķâ䣬޾ն˽׷ನ
ۣʲôλڴŭӣƺķżļɵ˽ŭһ䣬ȴĶ֡
ѵΥ֣ϵ˼
֣ѹҡ۵һ۳ڣ˰춼òֱǷﵽ˼㣬һȥɡ
˵꣬ȴٿԷһۣĿڷϣЦһ
ǳĬҿҲûʲô
ǺǣΪɨʮͺ˲ˣҲЩµطܺһ£ȥǽŻ֪ʲôˣ졣
ӽһλ۳ڣܺɨ
۵оӣȻûѷڷ۳ﶼ㲻ǿģЩˡ
ǰ۵ˣеڶķڣû·Ƿ̫ǿ̫
Ŷǰٽ˵ˡ˷һۣԭЩ֣ڲôڧЩһҲˡ
һӦģ˶ʮ⣬ǰٽˡ
ԭȴΪ˷Ϊֺ죬˵Ϊ˽׷
Ǹ΢ںԨڣ֣һ䣬˵ط
Ϣȥ󣬶ʱ˰ٽ˵ĸ߲㣬΢Ȼö˵̱£ȥ֣ٽҲɳ֣˺ҲʮֵĻ˺üλǿߣӲǲ
ܱ仵Ϊ£Ӵ˺Ϲϵٺòˡ
Ϊٽ˵ˣ۴ƲЩˣҲڶʮģȻҲƲķڡ
ʲôһۣҲҶ֡
ʲôλڷҲɹѡ
۶֮Աǡ
֤ʵˣʮڵʮط۶ķһá
ϸˡۺȳ֣ϵȻΥҲҶ˵ϻܿѡ˶֡
ط𡣡
һ£ϷɳһΪͭһΪֱ̣ͶպʹأţҲ˱仯
ͻȻط߸ϵҲȻ
ʲô췭ظ𣿡
ԣϸǲպʹأɽɡ
˶һĻŵˣ侲ϸȥȴǷĴغգģպʹأȫǡ
ǰٽ˵ˣͬѰ
³ĬӦˡ
Ȼ۵Ļ˲ˬǽǿߵģһ֣ܿ¡
طǷ۵ĳ֮¡
ڽɵһ̣һؾͱˣеһУɽγɵ棬ȻҲ⡣
Ƿı仯
شײһУﶼΪҽı仯Ҳɱﵡ
Ҳˣɡ
棬̲סЦ
ţͿӶһն˽γɵĴϡ
Цҵôױ¶֮ɫڳЦĲȻһ̣ͻ˾
~
رһ˺һӣʱ糱ˮӿɨһУ̶ȵĹȴǲв
ߵĴر˺ѺʱѺۣûȷ޸ȻնԽ˺ԽҲһȻӿĽ⳱ˮ
ôܡ
Լ۾ѹ׵ľôˣ̥һżΪǿ淨ȥѷֵġ
ˣǰѽۺܿ췴ӦĿϡ
ʵˣȻǿ󣬵Ƿ˵ȴûжв˵ǿˡ
֮ôͻΪǰγ
ڶķԹۣȻ֪Ѳĵطʲô̬ôӣҲѣֵÿЦ
Ϊ£ȴԷ룬λ۵¶˰ɡ
۵ɫȷʵǳѿ
㻹ڵʲôٶ֣֣Ϲﲻ𡣡ͻȻתͷλȵ
λдŭҵ죬ͬҲҵٽˣ£ֻѹеĻۼй
λʮطۣлλڣȫؼ䣬ݺᣬ޾ĽһУֲ׵ײţʮطµ˶Կս̧ͷĿʱ޷
ǺԨǿ󷨣ڳڵҲǲԼͬĳ֣ס˳ǳأսУҲǸе˾޴ѹ
ںԨ⣬˵սԽңǿɨأɽ𵴣ػζӰ켫֮㡣
ĬǺǿ
սѾ𾪵˵
ԭʱΪǰڼˣ֪ٽ˵ķԳ֣Ҳûκε˷
ڣ֣ռ˾ԵϷ磬ȴ޷·Ǻεȵš
ԭΪλڷĬȴӵǿ֮ʣǳĬΪ̧ۣڿˡ
һλսĴ૵Է̾
콾ɳȥĻߵһ
ֹһγĬˣ룬һսĻδزȫˣӮ϶ӮˣҲκ
ͨһս۷˲ˣʵڣɨʮʵ顣
£ȥ˽Ҳ޴ķ
ֻ֮̾࣬ϧˡ
ϧ졭һλƽҡͷĿȥɳĵȻ



1626 
ˣȻԷΪףλ۳ڡ
ǵĵ˷İ
˭ܿһĵ;ĩ·ˡ
ǰλʮط۵ĹѾȫ·ˣǿ֧ţ˲սԶ
ո˵һλڵķҲȫ˵λﲻҡҡͷ
ΪԼƲǴġ
εͬ
۵ʵͲһķܱȵģελڣʵҪʤһεķңλλ۳ЭȻսͨķ۳˶ãȴһǣơ
־£ȫ˶첻
ӣӵȥ
Ҫ֪춯õΪֹҲǳһ֣һ붼ûµǣۺڵ֣Ҳû֡
û֣һֱ֣ҪܵĻλ֣϶Գ֣ٶٿ죬ھ޴ʵǰҲûչֵĻᡣ
˶ΪѶҲˣΪܴµ漣

쵰ǻڵʲô롣ɫһĺȳ
˵ıͷŭ
֮ףΪʲôڶκβ˷Ҳһʵ̫Ѳˡ
ٶȿ쵽˼㣬⻹µģӵ˺һе˺ǵĹôܼ֮㣬ܱ˺ɶвٶȣ˷ȥľ档
ȻϣռϷ磬ȥ棬Ȼȴһ㣬հ֮󣬺ң˼㣬κβá
۵طֻڵһεʱס˷Ҳûеֹ
֣Ըһ۳ڣƫƫκβ˶Է÷۷ŭ˼㡣
ŵĵţĺӵͷˡ
˺ȫܣֻеڶʱ򣬷ѹ࣬˳֣϶ѹȵķ۾лᣬٴηΡ
ٶζ˵Ĺ͵棬һ̣ڡ
ȥɡ
Ŀ׺ݣĴߴ£ҲǼٷ׼սš
˭ܿļ룬Ϊһת۵㡣
ʱˡ
ʱҲ¶һ˿Ц
Ҳڵȴһ̵ĵ
֧ŵڣҲǷǳ࣬еʺµĳϡ
̳һƿһ˺ա
ǰ֮⣬Ļмߵٶȣ÷磬ʼռ߸ǿޱȣ˺գ˺һεĴڡ
ڴ˵ϣһצȥ˺һ硣
ȻǱգڽ̥ĤԷڵĲΣȴԶԶ޷
˺һеҲ޵еģ֮죬÷λʮط۵Ҳ࣬۵˺Ϊıʡ
ߵĵر
һȥ۾ˣΪǿ˺һС
ɱͻȻԶ緽Ҫô򵥱ɱȴҲʵ
֧񣬲ҲоѹԽԽ
ԭ˺˵Ĺͬ˺һֽɣȷۼȴھľ౶µһ룬»ѣȴʯ
ϾûȫգߣȴҲܷӳһ
Ҳûָ˵ʤ
ǷڣǷ۳ڡ
ڶֻ࣬һˡ
ռ˾Եƣȴٳ޷ʤỹвڿһսǵڱĸꡣ
ԻʤˣĻɡ
ڡ
𣬹쳾ӳģ۵˾룬ոյҲ⡣
֮
ʱգû˶һİˣ֮ǰսУûʹ֮ҲΪ˲÷۵Ӧһ֮Ч
˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻ۵˶ʱУͷͷǧͷŽġ
û뵽۵Ҳ֪һģЩһ޷ӰǶãϾͻָȡģһ˲
𣬽ڽڷ
֣֣ڽ˫ִڷ
ʲô
ΪûܣӡĬ𣿡
̫ˡ
ŵںԨǸ
ɱʵʣĿ֮еԥĴ̳;ȻһӴĴ磬ܱţ̼߹̣۷ʱ̡
󣬽ڽƽΪ޾ϡ
һ޵һ
ǽڽģǲ˴۷ʱ
ڽʩչ˥֮Ų˴ʢת˥Ŀʼ۷ʱ
ʩչܱ֮Ų˴ʢ۷һ̡
ڽͬһɳ죬Լµյľܱ֮Ľ⣬ڷҲʩչһ
˥ܱ֮֮
ʩչģһʽУҲֻһ棬ǲ˴۷һ̡
ȴǼ򵥵ӣǽ۷һ̣棬쾡µչ˳ЧԶӡ
~
ƺھһζţؼĹâϣҲ
⾪춯صһ£һжȻʧɫ
۵˸ոմ֮Ӱ»ָ׼ҷ鷳ӭͿһ
~
ŵŭУ۵ͬµĻѩѸţһתۼͻ˷ɻңֲɨأäһನɢȥؼȻ˼֣ҲһĿĵľ޴֡
һĻˣ޲ǺȻɫ䡣
ǳĬڱ̿ϴɣһ۵ĽʱҪֲԨڣ૵ǿҵ𺳡
һۣǺǣѾʷˡһǿЦ
˭û뵽һȻ˹
λʮط䡣
ǿǷ۰ǿλڰȻһͳͳˡ
ĬǷ۳𣿡ʵ
ңҲŪˡʵҲҡͷ
ǶԷ۳ڵӡ󣬱׵ĵ߸ˡ
Ҳ֮ôۣҪΪ۵˴ˣ֮Ӱ죬ҵ˻ᣬһεĻܻľս
ǣʲôԭʵʵƱػᴫȥ۵ע˻ᱻڳϡ
Է֮ǿȻò·۳ڣɱһĳˣϴѡ



1627 һ
򣬰ٽˡ
һ糣ңԶԨǵ飬԰ٽ˶ԣ㲻ʲô£˼߲⣬û˹ģ֪˶ࡣ
ͻȻ
~
֮Ӱٽ𣬽Բڵһо˻ҽΧ˾סҲûʲôֻǣٽ˶ˡ
ǸطǷ۴ˣ
˵Ŀⶼ˾ɲ󣬵﷢ʲô
ʮطǺεǿڿ񱩵£߲⣬˾Բҿ
վһƬУͻȻһģ³һѪ𵴲ֹ
ѪбնɱȫƣҲһ֣ǱģʱķŭģĿŤ˼㡣
Һúްúް
ĬҪɱ㣬һҪɱ㣬
зƣҺøİٽǿ߳ѹ򣬻֪ɶѡ
ⳡѱˣĬ֣ȴǵһڰٽ
˶ܺ棬÷˷ĳĬǺηʥȻǷŭɱ֮죬ԭ򣬶ðٽ˵ˣ֪˷Ĵڡ

һ
ɱ˷۵ˣִڽɱȻ˵
Էĳ٣ɱѾǼޣҲûаǾǷ۵һѾ˵
ĿһɨҲ΢΢һ
ȻǱ̿ϴɵλʮطۣΪ׵ķǶСߡ
һֻĸо
һ۵ʱ򣬱̿ϴɾǷС߱һ㣬Ҷ֣ɷȥɾ˷ټ
ڣ˸սɣ滹зǿߣƫƫ֤һеģСߣĳ̶ֳ˵˫ҲԵ
ȻС߾Բô롣
оԼجΡ
ҲûܸһĿˣһ̣СŵϢ
ı˵ԺһƬհס
û뵽Ǿ춯صһǲȡɵĵطҲû뵽ʩչһ󣬷жԼᣬˣֻһĿֲϢ
ǰηľСܸܵĳɳܸܵĿ¡
ǺǣͲһġ
ףȻ̿ϴɵˡ
ûǴĻϴγĬһۣҲڱ̿ϴɰɡ
ɡ
սҲע⵽˫¶Ź֮ɫɺίʵѼǸڴǣС߻ôǿȻչֳ˿־ʵվǷ۳ڣ޷־ãֲûвսɡ
ȻСߵΪȴǳԤϡ
ߡ
ԷһսС߳Ĭ£תȥûȥԨǣҲûл֣Ǳߣһս
ȺȻ
ܶ˶޷Сߵľ˾һˣֲ䡣
ǿǱˣͻȻ뿪ȴǵ죬³Ȼʮңȫֵá
ȴǲСеӰж󣬲ΣǲٲϽˡ
ںΣȴǸûпǡ

ããһ̿ϴɣһĬ
ϣ֣ϵɫ˼㣬˵꣬ΧѾ׹ѣ˶ܸ֣ܵеķŭ
˭Ҳû뵽ᷢչһ
죬⻹
ûаҪ˵ǿôŰ֣ϵĻ˵ôѷӲͷһ飬ܵǵصĿֲѹ
ǰû˻һ㡣
֣ϵ뷨һǰȥ÷о಻ѹϵģѹ塣
ڣЩЦ
۵ȵһ۱һˣҲûֶãҪ˵ѹ̸˵
ҲͰˣϾһҲûָ٣Աڶ˷ڴ죬ڶֹס˷Ȼǰȥλڣλ۳֣ȴҲûκε˷
Ȼ󣬾Ƿ⾪춯صһɱ˷۵ˡ
ٽţСߵû򣬾˳ˡ
ͷβ˵ڶ͵ǻ˵ѹ⣬ʲôʱ򣬸ѹˣ
ǣڶתۻˡ
ЩʧһǼǶ⣬ݺݵĴ֣ϵϣоԼǺۡ
ǵûѹǳɾ
ǲˣ¶Ϊ˫һģ֣ŻѪģ쾪սء
쵰Ҵˣû뵽СӾȻصô
ãܺá
ҲһĹȥˣʣһϣҾͲţ
֣ҧгݵ޵˹

Ƕˡ
ûȥһ
ԨڣֵÿЦȻ֣ϵı飬Ҳĳɣ˷κˣ¶Ѫ
ɽ۵ˣЩֻ
һܶӣҲвϹۡ
Ͼ켫ΪңԶҪ£Ҳǿ£һܶ˶첢ðӿǵΪ
ɽۣȻǶʮˣȴͷûκìܳͻͱȽΪ̫ԵˣɣͺΧԸɱӺķʽ
ƾʲôѵ콾˽ܣûѡ񣬱
뷨ˣв١
ȻὫǸ˵ҲʹԵðԵ֮ڱ˵ĵϡ
ɽ۵ҲǸŭԡ
ܸݺһνѵǵ棬Ȼּɵģֻǣ˭֪ǲʵ
ѾĹˣλ֣ϣҲס˰ɡ
Ӧûѹȵİ취ˣϧˡ
Զķɽ̲סҡҡͷΪеϧ
~
ۺգ֣վ۵ļװϣĿ䣬·ķڿһˣΧһһʮط߳
~
Щʮطۺεͷų纣γ˿ֲ׵ѹǵص
һĻԨڵɫ䡣
ǿЩʮط۵ڻһγһƬޱ޼ʵĽ⺣ӿǿޱȵ׺գܵһо
Ǵһʮᣬѹˡ
ˣûطӣʮλʮط۵½ѹԽѹķǣĿֲѹ£ѡһλʧ
򵥣ֱȴЧ֮
ǳ׵˺ֵɴԷǿƳˡ
Ĭ㲻Ǻǿ𡣡
㲻ɡ
һɱۣɣ磬ôＸʮλʮط۵ưն
֣ϱۺϷʣڿһƴϡ
ֲѹ£
ѹ
ҵҪѹ£㻹֧ܲŵס
֣п⣬ǰıŭ֮ɢ˲١
ǿǿ
ǿѹ
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ʮʮطۣһȫֵĻֱӾܴĴس䣬·һоĨȥ
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ҪѹңΣ
Ц
ǿٴϣ
֣ϵҲն㿴
һ裬Ժ󣬽ڽݺݴ̳
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~
һĿֲ£ѹҲܵĪĳϵʮطҲЩ׼Ͷǿ֮ʱ֣ȻЦһһ̤
ضΪ֮һΣѹȻɱǿ˲ѹ˷Ĺ
ۺһ֣Ȼǿޱȡ
ûõġ
Ͼϡ
ôҲ־
֣ϵӸµĿŷԳֵһ̣ûκ
ۺΡ
ǰ·ҲҪӲĿٳο⿴üġ
ҿ
ŭǰδеĿֲѹ£оԼƺһ״̬УԽ֮⣬˲θߵһ޷ľ磬·ʲôⶼӭж⡣еĽڽܱ֮˥֮ڿֲѹȥ裬Ȼ״̬£ȴǶȻ˱仯
ӽڽϣ͸һ˿˥Ϣϣ˲
ͺ˹
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ܱ֮˥֮Ķǲ˴̣һܣʱ֮ӣʩչܱ֮˥֮һʽǲ˴һʱƬΣͣһ̡
ڣȴǿʼ仯ʹʼ
ʱķȲ󣬷״̬ҲûͣãֲѹȻƲɵѹҪ顣
΢΢һ̾׼
ͻȻ
~
һȻ֣ÿ˵ĵ쳹һ̣ʱƺֹͣ



1628 ʥ֮
~
峺صÿ˵ڽδҲͨˣʥһ
һĵ𡣡
ô£
Ԩڣ˶ž֮ɫֻҲͰˣؼǣˣʵߵͣһȫ㣬Ī
û˷Ӧǰս仯ͻ
һ֮Ƿ֣ϵˣǰһ
һֿء
һ£Ϊ֮١
һ£Ϊ֮
һ£䣬³

һķ绪Ĺ֣ϵ˵Ĺһ¾ݺصϸ齣ȫʧ
˫ļսУɵɽ𵴣ѣҲһ£ָǴûбƻһ㣬±ɽˮ㣬񼣡
֣ϵеǿɱŭҲһڡ
һǰûɱ⡣
ʲô
ͷԣڸղţ׼ɱ뿪ˣû뵽ͻȻһ쳹һֹⳡԳƵս
ǱˣûһԮĻ϶ǱˣϾ޴ӡ
ȴһ
ȻŭҲһսȴ嶯ԼΪһԳƲϹƽս
ûа취ȴУֻҪؽ˺̥Ĥ
ҲֽӦȥ
ߣ֪˽磬£ϳֵǵֻҪ죬Ҳкܴİգ÷ߣǷĺ·
Ȼһǳ׵˽磬Ժѹ磬ˡ
ڲöƣȻ֮ãҲɻ⵽ʲô
˭ڳ֣
Ƿڳ˶ɻ󲻽⡣
ȻоһЩǿޱȵĿ⣬
~
һ̾Ϣ˶
Ȼ̾Ϣȴ̾
ǽ֮һ˵õʥ֮ϿɣηſľĽѹֻʥ֮Ͽɡ
̾Ϣ˲֪ʲôȻһڣǳ˹ϲãζĻ˶ǻصƾõԶʱңɼĹȥ
ʥһλʥ
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ȻʥĿ˹ںԨСط˶һͷĿѣĸоҴ
û֪һλʥֻܴĻ²⣬ȻһλΪϵʥ
ĪһЩڣϾʥĿǺεȵҫ
Ȼ֣ȴΨһ⣬±䵽˼㡣
оǿֻš
ʥ֮
֣Ϊᣬ˽ڶ࣬Ƕʥ֪֮ҲǷǳ٣Լˡ
ܾʥʥ֮εȷǷ
λʥ˵ʲôηпľ񣬵õʥ֮Ͽɣ֣Ϻ˵ľԲ
Ƿ
һˣǿ죬⼸ʮλʮطۣĻ֣ҲҲϣΪη֡
Ƿõʥ֮ϿɣЩˣȴվ˷Ķϣ֪
֣ȫˣڵﻹа߸ϡ
¶裬緢չڣж˼ǵãڻпļж˼ǵã·ƵѣηľԶϾҲһֱȥҪý⣬÷ʡˡ
˵һ仰ǲϵȥҲûг֡
ͨ~
֣ϵۼװϣ龪

졣
ÿһƬɣǿ׵˲ݻһ۷塣
Ȼ
еһƬȻ˱仯ɢѸγһ޴ơ
ţƬ

ˣʲô£Գ֡
Щǳ֣֮Ҳֻݡ
ע⵽һĻҲǺܿγ˾޴𵴣˾ֲʥԳ֣ʲôѲʥսҪ
֮ʱƬȻγ˾޴ƣ˺գֽ̽롣
Ԩ⡣
һֻγɵľȻ˺գϷ
ġƳ֣ӦϤϢ֣϶ʱ嵽˼㡣
ȻȴǸûһץʱ֣ϡϺץգ졣
ʥ֣
ԨȫĪھƳֵʱû˸Ҷ֣ϵĻҲ˵˶Էݣ
û뵽ʥԳ֣ΪɱĬΪ˴Լˣǡ𡣡һλ૵
ͷԣȥƺܣǰ˵һС
ˡ
һǴ䡣
Ŀ⣬ɴ˼־η
֣ϵһߣӦٶǼʮλʮط۾ˣȫ֪ô졣
뷽Ϊѣ
ʲôЦû֣ϵ˶ץȥ³Ժòȥ
û֪ʥ֮ʲôҲܵõϿɣζʲô
ϵʥᵽһˣȴģǽ
Ľִ֮ϵĴڡ
Ȼǣǽ֮Ψһõʥ֮Ͽɵģ룬ֽŷľƳ֮ʱǿֲѹȻתۼţȴҲǵľǰսʧ
ңͻȻлҪ¡һλʮطͻȻ
ˣҲҪҪ졣
ʮʮطһɢ˭Ҳȥ
Ҳûֹ
Ҳǿ֮ĩҪԸʮʮطҲδˣҲٺò
ⳡս˶δ뵽ĽĻ
ȻһսԶӰ죬ȴŸոտʼ

âǳ纣
ÿһǳϣŲˣһ⣬ǽޱȣκ˷
Ҳѹ֣ΪⷽˣִŽ磬ݺ޵С
Ҳ˸߸ϵ̬Ҳ޿ɱģϣÿйľ
һգһ糣Ҳûʲôͬ
ͻȻ
һ쳹ĵ׸
ʲôȻܴ
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ⷽʱң˷׷˳չصĳأµͣ
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鲼ǳͻȻɢҫ۹â


ⷽǳ仯˵ע⣬һûȥ˼ˣѹѹȺǳϡ
֪ǳǽ

һƽ˵Ķ
ڣϣųĬߣ



1629 
ּ
˴Ӧŵû֪گеĳĬǺҲû˸ʣȻǳǽȻҵگٶȣ˽¡
ͬʱҲǷʼ飬ڳĬһϡ
ص˺Ԩǡ
ӣҲţʲô԰ȫ֮أǶʱڣҲ֪úȥδӡ
˵ļƻǱȫˣȻڻû֮ǣҪҪȥǳ뽣磬Ծ
λϵʥûֱӺͷ˵
ǳ֣ץ֣ϵ˻ȥû˵
ˣҲ֪ԼӦɴ˽˽ʥ۽磬ʥ֮ȻǷǳ˲ãܵõϿɣȻҲʥĹע
û뵽ôʥĿҡͷɷԸ
Ȼֹעãʥɲеû¸ɣһ쵽עĳһˡ
ʥ֮Ͽɣһֿأ˷ΣѵʱʥĹעġ
޷жʥĿͶ˹
ҲǿһǺõʥ֮ϿɣҪ˵һֱעȥȴǲܵģ˵֮õĺ£ʥѾˡ
ȴɣûġ¡
ˣеʧѣҲֻܱ뿪ˣҪðźܴķա
ֵҵǣƺǾ˿飬ûýʥơ
ûһλʥƷ
Ҳ
ѹ̷ͬСɣʥĿͶֲ֪ǽ֮ˣóóȻȥ̽Ŀ޷÷¶
ڽжȾɡ

ԨǣһֵķΧУסĵط˵ſȸ
˶ڵȣȴķӦ
ǰ˶λϵʥԼŵˣȫŷҲ˿֮ĶҲǼʮλʮط򶼲Ҵ򣬻Ųԭ
ûﲻŵģϾǷõʥ֮ϿɣҲǷλʥ֣̾ץ֣ϵ
һУǷԵʣȻ侲һ룬ȴַ֣ԷӰûô
õʥ֮ϿɣҲϿɰˣû֪ʥ֮ʲôִʲô壬ȻҲ޷ʲôжϡ
ƺģҲλʥ̾ҲΪλʥĸ룬Ż֣ǷĻ᲻Կ»δ֪
λʥأ֮Ҳûгֹ
Ҳûг֣̬ȡ
ȥЩԵӰ죬ǷҲһǿʮطۣвڣȻη壬ȴҲûǰôš
ǶԷģǶˣĵȴš
ֱǽگ
ڣϣųĬߣ
ڵ֪һگʱ򣬷ʱ۾⻹Ǹ˯ͷ
Ԩǣͻֳ£ΪķۺԼǿߵвҪһǿݻ
ڣǽһگ糬ϵˣҶ֡
ǽ޵һ磬̤һˣ޲Ǵ֮޵ʮطۣ϶Ƿ۳ڣֻкһ֣Ƿڡ
Ƿۣǳ۷壬ŷڵʵ
ȳһ磬ǷˣҲٮٮߣŷۺڵʵ
Ҳ˵Ժתս£Ҳõģзۺڵ˶֣һ֣Ҳᱻų⣬Ǽ˷ĺͰȫ
̫ˡ
һ㶼ɣگִȡ
ʥӰ컹ʮޣֻǵӰ췶Χͬ磬ʮĵطκһӰ췶ΧҲмִǷڱĵطʥĵ̣ǿ򣬾ҪһЩۿˡ
ʥĵ̣пܱӡ
ǽһǵִĽϵĴڡ
˵ںܣҲΪ
ԳǽʱҲҪ˱ᣬʾ𾴣گһ˭Υ߸зۺڶ֣һ̾췣£֮ɱˡ
û뵽ǽȻصΪңôһگ
ϲ־
ϲȻǣһگ˿ıݻҪǿûк֮ǣתս£Ҳܼȥ
ǣǽΪʲô´گƫƫ޶˰֮ڣǲǿʲô
ʲôĿģ
λִƽĳڣɲа⡣
յϢ̫ˣȴǸ޷ʲôҲֻһһ
ȶ˵ȴˡ
ǣԨԼˣһף˶ˡ
Խط˵گǹϵǺһ£ĬǺ˴һ£󲿷˶عƽ
ǣԨ߲һΪ
˭Ҳû뵽ȴ̬ȴ˳ǽگı̬̫ˡ
⻹ֹ
ڷϢҲǿʼǷһˣԿľսڸϢʹˡ
ǣ
ΪʲôҪ󶯸ɸ꣬ΪʲôҪôԷһˣҪɱӺ⣬ǲǷͺ⡣
뷨ģ
뺣ԨǼΪңԶճ˵Ҳֲǳ棬з͸쳣
ǣĴɻǰȥ򣬵ࡣ
ڽĵһ򣬱򣬶ң绹Ŀ鱨֯ڡ
ԨߵǰûҹĿ֮ûнΪڽʱ̫̣µĺۼ٣ʹҪ⣬ԭ򣬾ʩӰˡ
ڣԹ˲Ͼûȥ˼Ŀ죬ҲûǸҪˡ
ˣܿͱ˳
½硣
ǡ
ǰǾطʣɳٶ֮죬
λɨʮ򣬵õʥ֮Ͽɣ춼òԵ콾˽ܣȻŸոһǧͷ
Ϣһ𶯡
ϢҪ齣绹ʱգǽĴԼԨߣȴӵˣҲˣǺεȵ죬죬ĳǵ
´󻩡
ǳǽگѳºԨߣᱻǿ̤ƣڽǳһġ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ޵˵زȫǰ޹ˡ
ѹҲѹֱܾ߳ŭĶԸĲ
֮սԼǽگӰ죬һΣˣǾڶʮԼ



1630 
Ԩǣס
롣
һڷǰɽʶĶСһڣþò
ʱ˿̣ɽȴҲûȥƷζʲôǰ꣬ĿЩţеĸо
û뵽ᷢչһ
˵ʵڷҪǵʱ˷һ䣬÷Сģʱ˱˵׼ֻǿĺаԵһʱߣûס
û뵽Ƿڶö˶˵Ȳ죬һ鶼ûУλһ֣ȴץ˻ȥ붼֪кý֮棬Ԥϡ
治ʷʮط۰ŷɽ̲ס̾
ڵ֪ʵ󣬹ɽҲ𾪵˵
뷽Ӵ˶֪ᣬһ׷ֱ棬ǣᵽ̶ֳȣȴ֪˵ᣬҲм꣬ʮˣ˵СˣʮطһΣȴһСޡ
ȴû뵽Ȼᵽ˿ŵĳ̶ȣ˷⣬ʮطۣ¶꿪ˡ
ĬδԶЩܱ֮ȵġ
ҡҡͷɽջ˼
ӦҲµˣΪ˰ĳ̽̽ڷ硣ɽ۷в˵û
ŶԨ𣿡ЦЦ
ɽҲЦ
˶֪֪ŵģǺԨˣ˷һ¾׼
ûʲô½磬ûмκȻᣬʷʮطۣҲ𾪣Ծʧ롣
ǣǽگȫһˡ
Ľ֮ȻΪ˷´һگ˴ģ˵֮٣ò֡
ʥ֮ʲôûж֪Ȼǽگȴʵʵˡ
گһԴӽ뽣Щǳ׻ˣķҲͰˣû¶ĿҲ֪ǵɵԼðҲõʲô
ȻӦ֣ϵĺԨѹЩʮطۣͻˡ
ǿĵ˷һ˶ڣ죬ķ涼ռԭûѷͷûںʲôڣ֣ϱץ˻ȥ춼أǽگΪݻˡβҡ
ŵģȻǺԨ
ʩѹ£׵˹ȥһսҲ뿪Ǻε磬ȻŵڣԨȴǰͲýǵȥ
ƫƫڻںԨûȥ˼ȹϵݺԨҲΪ
ڵӣùɽ˵һ䡣
ɽˣԨԼǰʱ
Ԩҷ±ģŭ˷ԷʵԨǿûж֣һŭ֮²˺ԨҲû£ֻ̽̽Ŀڷ磬̬Ρ
ڷǰ˵ϻģûмȥҲֻҵ˹ɽһˣܲã˵
ԨǵλȻʹúԨʮָ߰ۺڣƽʱô
ˣȻڲ̬Ҳùɽ۳һж
ˣɡͷ
áɽһϲ⻰һ˵Ըԭ¶Է
ûеȴãһᣬһòõӾ˽ǺԨǵĳֻɫݣüŨŨ֮ɫ
ĬһҲԡԨһ̬ͷŵúܵͣһҾڵء
Ǹġ
ǸĻͲö˵ˣҲ˵ʲô⡣˰֣Ļ
ԨжʱЩš
ǲҲܶû취ҲӲͷƤ
ȻѾˣԼŰ죬ߵ⣬Ը
һĻظԨĶʱˡ
ԨǵĳȻλǽ֧ϵģǵĻǺԨתۼͻһĲֵǰԽӵĺԨܽ³
ǸҲ̬Ϊͷн棬֮£ҲֻԼ
ĬңҡԨд󼱡
ö˵ˣ֮㲻ʲôޣҪĻͰҴһЩϢɡóԨǸģʮطۣҲûбҪ̫
˵Ҳû
Ԩһǽͷݰˣıƴıߣ뷽֮䣬㲻ޣʱյļ尾ĳͷ
ؼڣҲϣͨԨһ˿⡣



1631 
Ԩǧл뿪ˡ
Ĭ㻹ǿɽԱ߹άһ䣬ϣԼĻԲôɾͷŹԨ
ȻǸںԨҲǿûֱӾܾˡ
ؽùɽϾ緽ĲΪ
΢΢һЦ
ԼĹǣҺԨó񣬴Դ⽣޵ģͳΪʮط۵ģκ˶ΪǴޱȵĽޣԨͳҲˡ
ǣЩԷ˵ȴǼߣ粻ҪҲܴȥԼ̬ȡ
ԼĿɽ۽̫ǳȴǲҲ
Щ鲻Ū૵
ԭºԨϢȥˣʱ˿ţеŵǸҲеί
æ˼죬ƽ
ԨҲһεŰݷãһεĻ㲣ڵľ񲻴ȻǶȹһѹء
Ǳ߻ûκλӦ𣿡˺Ԩһ
ûκϢԨҡҡͷͻȻҧҧİɣٴߴһΡ
ԷԨĸм
ӰĮĿ΢΢ͺԨ˵ģȻǺԨǱҲӰ졣
ô󣬾ңԶĵطܶ࣬ȴѡ˶ʮûԭġ
ĿģΪӰ졣
Ҫ˵ԭҲܼ򵥣۽磬֮ĵ㣬ֻطУֱΪӰ޺졣
֮ϵ죬һսǿѹ£֣࣬ϵȼʮλʮط۵Ŀֲѹ£ǽ˶״̬ʹýһͻͽ
ģҲǽӽ˴֮޵ı׼ϣ֮ˡ
Ȼȴû֮ĵ㡣
ȻѾ߳Լĵ·֮Ҳԭ˺ܴĲͬǾԼ㻹ļԶ˱취õ֮Խ
ȵһ͵ڶ㣬֮ĵ㣬磬翵İɽ®⣬ҲֻӰ޺ˣңȫǸ߸ϵ
Ҫͼı淨ǲס
Ӱߣϣ󡣡΢΢ҡͷ
ȻԨʾߴһΣһֲӰǰʲôȨ
Ӱ̬ⷬȣҲǿɼߡ
ô޺أ
һ
һѡ񣬾޺졣
Ӱ죬Ҫ޺Ū֮ĵ㣬ѶȻ󣬷ǰй꾡ĵ顣
λڲͬĶ磬ɵǶԸв̶ͬȵ˽ġ
Ӱ޺죬Ҳһ֪
ѡӰΪĿ꣬Ҳɡ
ȿɡ
ֵ˼죬ӰǱȻûκϢԨȴӭλˡ
һһŮ߽˷֮
Ϊ׵ӺᣬһӴ磬Ȼȴûָ߸ϣʢ˵ʣϴЦݣǸһ崺ĸо
ӺŮӣȴһԲɫͬѩڹ֮ǰºҲǱϹϾվͬһλŮ
ǳĬ
ҽһ£°졣
˵ţŮҲǰһ˳
졣
ĿһɨȷʵϣڱڣðȷʵҲ֮١
ֻǣ÷ЩǣΪʲôĻ졣
죬ȻҲǽ֮һηô޷֮ϵ˵ԭǰ˸Ӵ򲻵һģֵĶٴҲѾǡ
죬Ǳ˷ɻʼ磺ЩһֻЩǰˡ
Ϊ죿Ŀһ
յ˵ôһõʥ֮ϿɣʮطۣȻᣬʹгǽگӲҲյŶԡ
Ȼ뷽࣬󲿷ֶһûС
Ҫ˵ϷȻ޿ܣαش󶯸ɸꡣ
ԭҲͨˣΪ졣
˶ӣΪ£ڸλʥǰЩʧ棬˽⵽ЩȻء
һ棬һ棬Ϊǽ漰绰ȨᡣЦ
Ŀһ˰һۡ
û뵽Ҳ룬ſھ˵֮£Ҫ֪˻ǵһμ棬˴˼̸κν飬ڵĻ⣬ѾƵǽǳˡ



1632 
绰Ȩᡣ
΢ͻȻʶǽִƽѾˡ
ؽȫͬ
ؽǵִϵĵؽ֮ȻһĻ󣬲뵱ʥ档
Ȼȴκһˣֻк¡ѹһʥʸִơ
ǽΪ֮ΪִΪʵǿ
۱ʵʥδػ
ܳΪʥģһǸ˽ܣӣֻȱ˲ȥ
ڽ磬ִģ޲ǵʥȻȥˣµʥûеڵĽ磬Ȼǳǽʱǣĵ߷ʱȴ𽥹ȥ
һʥڳɾʥ֮޲ӭ˶ʢʱڡ
ʱһλʥ۷ʱ̣ɨ£޵УʹƵʥҲ˱ᣬײԸ֮棬Ի͵
ǣûһֱ۷ʱʥҲ⣬ٹʱ
һλʥͻµʱԽ˵䣬ʥִƣɽ֮ĸ»
ڵĽ磬ʹڸ»ıԵ
Щ뷨ڷԺתתȴû˵ĬݣǲӦ˼ʶġ
ǽִ꣬ٹڽȥµʥûеδܽӹһĴȨƵڽ͸
ǽЩ⣬˭ִ˭һֻ֮ᱻڶʢڵʥִơ
һǽٹȥƿأͺˡ
ʱͻʱ
ǽһƣȴٲǰѹԵǿʥͻڽĻȨ
ǽ粻õĽ
󣬰ܽᡣ
˵Щ⣬ǣʲôϵ
ôûϵЦǽΪһگݻҪỰȨʥȻ㿴ǳǽˣﻹ㣬ټ£Ъ˼
һ㶡
˵ʵǽگһҪ˵ͳǽһϵûУǿ϶ûŵģҪ˵ǳǽˣҲɣ˸ŹǣŻᰴ
ǽΪʲô´گΪʥ֮бĿģ
ЩͷۣԼԵɺ£ʥ֮ˡ
أʲô
ղŻ˵ЩʥΪǳǽ˵ԵʣԶȤǰΪʲô
ǼλԽ绰ȨʲôģûʲôȤҸջصûãͱүӸһ˳˵ʲôǶ˺ùͨҹˡ
ȻүҲеû¸ɣУһλǰ˵ĽӦշһ
ᡣ˰һۣĿʥֱϵᡣ
ڰλǰȴ÷Щ⡣
ʥһλʸϵʥˣܱΪǰģ뵽ģҲֻһˡ
ѵһλʵһλ
Ҳ֪ȥЩƣүֻңһλΪϵʥ׷ݵ翪ٵʱִʥҲҲʸϵģ˶Ϊˣû뵽ڣΪ˵
Ҳûô׵ͷ
˵ʥ֮ʲôȻܾôϵĴڡ
ǽõʥ֮ϿɵʱҲûﰡŶ˵ǻҲû˴Ķ
ҡҡͷ⡣
Ҳ֪ʥ֮ʲôȻ
үҲɲֻ꣬˵ʥ֮ǽۡ˵ԭΪʥ֮ǽš
ųɱһʥһȷʵǴϱߡ
벻ͨҲͲˡ
粻Ƿ̨Ҳ⡣
ʥ֮춯ڷҲʥйأλʥۣηͿҲͰˣηӵе˲ȷֵĸӳ׵ģҲ϶С
Ȼȴûһ˵õʥ֮ϿɣҪߵ
˵˵ȥһЩ⵹ǽˡ۰
ܰ˵Ǽ٣ʲôĿģ٣⿪˷һɻŪЩ뷨
Ҳµ鷳ڵǰ
Щ̬Ⱥ󣬷ˣԼתսȥ
ڽʥ֮
̫ںΣڻǳǽʱٹȻȥҲҪܳʱ䣬گû˸Υģȵʥ֮뿪ˡ



1633 ȳ
գ׼뿪ԨǣԼĽ̡
֮ǰ׼ȥԨУ˫жĽ飬֮ǰúԨϢӰ졣
Ӱ˻ظг̾ͻᷢ仯
뷽ͬУλŮԣһԲ
һЩϢ⿪ɻ󣬰Ͳˣֱ˵Լ⣬ͬһתս£Ϊݻ
ҲǣĻշһ⡣
ȻУ׳֣Ĵڣһ塣
հĻ˵ȻгǽگϵĽ޲ҶԷ֣ǣУڣҪĶԷֵĻȻǳΣգ֮ǡ
ͻ棬ݣҲû˸Ρ
ҲǱݻǰĿģȴΪ˱ģΪλʥи
˵ĬĲ᣿
ҪĻ죬Ҳ㳨ŵġ
΢Ц˵ͷϤĻҲԿЦһĿ˵
з콾룬Ҳ֮ãҲûвӱĿģǿطԵʡ
һĻΪҵĵһѡ񡣡ЦЦ
ȷʵ˾٣Ƶѩ̿ǽ
ųǽگٳûмתսȥΪ׼̬ȡ
û˸ΥگҪԵĻҲΣա
ڰһȴǽһ⡣
Ҫ뽣Ļǵһѡ񣬿ϧǽ֮ˣб¶иַ֪շǲԸðġ
˵ᡣ
˶١
Ψ֮ʣŻдͻƣĥ£ȥľ̻һ㣬ıΪȡķѣӴޱȵѹҲһЩͻƣ˵Ҫлǡ
ŷ¶Ȼ֮ɫѹᣬͳΪʮطۣѹܵõʥ֮Ͽɡ
лȻ
˶еԻ󲻽⣬뿪׷ʲô̥ǰĽµļ¼
ȻҲ⡣
ڰȴˣҲܴ²³Ǽ﷽ľȻǲıԵ֮ϵĽţ˺˽
ᱣµ
ѹ֣ûκ˶ѹҲһӽ
̾
뷨Ǻõģǣչۣ̲۷Ȱһ䡣
Էѡȴģ¡
һԣǴˣʧֵһ죬ںӱߣвʪЬʧֵĴۣǳ׵䡣
һŵǣǿҲֻЩ
ףתս֮һῼǵġ˵ͷ
Ȼֲķ֮ͽһڰˣӴʱû˵ΪͬǲܵģǷڴʱķʱܱȵģȴһ˵ĹȥĽ͡
һţһҲǽӽ˳
ţ
Ŀ΢ķΧ֮ƺŷ籩ϣ˵ҲûԴ˽ȥ
Щ֣ȵ˳˾׹
Ԩ㲻ӰһǷֲģûǵ֧֣ʲôǡ
һˣҲҶָֻţߴ٣Ԩ㲻ȥˣ
Ӹµĺȳڳ𣬴ָ⡣
Էȫûй˼Ԩ棬ǳ⣬սķ˶һѹֳЩһѿ
ǺǣôĿЦ
û˵ѭ˹ȥ
˺ܿߵ˳ֻԨͷվ˫Ŀգ˴ѵţ˭ܿĲƽŭȻӰ֮ˣȴֻӲס
ںԨǰվһӣںɫı£ƺʲô棬ӰеӰҲߵݡ
֮⣬Զһλӣȴֻ
ˣϻ˵Ԩְҽɣ˽棬㣬һӰ䡣ȳһͨ˾
ʲô
Ԩ͵̧ͷ
ʮطۣѵһȳ⣬˰죬û뵽ҪְίȫΪʲô
ôķѵҸǶ֣ЦӰ죬ʮطۣҲڽȥ
ûԨӦһȴǴԴ
ڽ첻ȥЦӰ˲ˣˣǰˡ



1634 Ӱ
ʲôˡ
͵תһ۾Ϳ˷Ҳ˳
Ľ磬Ըԣ֮죬ʹûмˣҲ񣬸˵ﻹǺԨǣ˺Ͼϳ
һԵİŮȴɨһֱۣӺˡ
Ĭ
ҵ˭ԭˣôأΪԼ޼ˣϧӰ첻졣
Ŀ䣬ƵĿŷ
УԨӰµĵطóʲôʱɲ֪νˣ
˵꣬תͷԱߵӷԸ
ֺǧҪסҪðèҲ
ȻλͬӶӣ׼ֺԨǵʮطۡ
ϾܷģҿɲĳЩˡȻһЦŷĿкε⣺뿪Ԩǵĳʲô˶ġ
䣬ȴһ㶼Էǳ˵⡣
ͻȻһ
Ĭ֮ģʲô⣿˵ģһֱĬŵĺԨϿ飺ڣһǺԨǵĳʸ񡣡
˭ҲûϵԨͻȻվ
ӵ۾͵һЩţ⻹ǰԼǰѵȴΥǸˡ
ģǷŭ
㣬ôĹиǿҵɫĿޱȣźԨڿһˡ
ʲôҵģǲʹ⣬ҪߺԨǵĳ֮λѵҾ׸¶˾ģԨеĻԹҲһӱ˳ŭĿӣںԨλϣһֱҵҵӰǴӲΥȴʲô
ҲһȻģҲһһźˡ
ӽҸԨʽӰ죬ԨҲ޹ϸ𡣡
Ĺͳͳȥɡ
ԨźӺ׵˺Ƥ
һĻ˵ȫסˡ
ϸ˵ԨӰˣԨҲӰģֻӰֺ֧ͷֲ£úԨǳΪ˽԰ȫĵط֮һҲΪˣ˫γĹϵ
ȻĴϵʮţסԨ
Ҫ֪ΧԨǿһ鳬⡣
ھ԰ȫʹúԨǷչ쳣Ѹͣ˷֮ĲƸǺԨڡ
ûݺҧһڣֻû˸ҵӰ졣
ԺԨ۳ڵʵҪάֺԨǵĳȻλڳΣòӰ졣
ӸҳԨĳ֮λȡúԨȥӰ䣬Ұʮط֮ѵһסҪ϶˺ԨΥ
˵ˣֻǧټ££Ͼºóġ
ڡ
ˡӻعҲɵͳλевΪһĬܱס㡣
ԨԲʲôٵв
һʧȥӰ֧֣ϾʮطۻҪϷֺԨǣ˵ģӰڸڵӰǻҪ֮ϡ
ںӿֻҪԨʧķ裬Ӧûȷѡ
Ȼ
ܹˡźӣԨһֵޱȡ
ĬӽԶȣǣҲԸЧһ
ҪЩ߸ϵ֪ˣǹ
ӵĳȥˣԨ¶˾ģϧһеҲҪӰ죬ʧأ¶ѪһҲҪˡ
֪Լǰķ׼ŭ˺Ԩ
νС΢ΨΨŵŵվһλʮطۣ۵ϣǲݼ̤ġ
ȻúԨ˾ģ»зӰڣ뵽ӵĿ淢䡣
˵ĺá
ǺԨЩĿ࿴ˣǺǣҸһʱ䣬ںԨǵѪߣҵҪǰ˭
ƣ˵ע⣬žƽ˵һλ
졣
͵һʱŷӦԼԵ꣬Ȼˡ
վڰŮʱǰһӳһ
졣
Ժӵļʶ㣬Ŀһɨʱȷ٣һǣеǼ𼫸ߵֻ֣ڵλ֮˲ʸӵУԶӰĵλܱȵġ
ˣǰ˵Ӱûʲô˲ģҲҡüëżƵ
һͣɫѿ˼㡣
ӷǽʹԱ񣬱Ƶ˼㡣
ǺԨĻӲ˻ȥ²ֱ̨϶ǺԨģܲţȻǾȻӴӰ죬һ׺ݵƹˡ
ٽţվ˳Ԩ˵ǰӰĻ˵ġ
ú޷̨
֮ǰķѣǳŷȥģҴ˶󣬸ѿ
ô죿
ɫס
ȱ
Էվ죬ųǽگ
ʵ
ɵ׳ٻûȥãӿɲΪԼǷʵ
ںԨӰ죬һռˡ
ܺãܺá
ӮˣǱ˵̫磬ûꡣ
Ŀڼɨڷϣɫѿһ·ȥһ̶ͣˡ
Ӱǵˡ
΢΢ҡͷ
һ仰û˵ͱǺˣҿӣǶԷǺ޵Ҫ÷Щ
Ҳûʲô˵ġ
Ҳ͵˰ɣȥҲϵġ
ȻһЦѾ˾


1635 ̤ƽٽ
ӵߺ󣬺Ԩ˹ͰлǺߡ
˰ⷬ˵ǲ˽֤ܽԨǵĶѪתߣӵķӦȻסӵģǰ˵ʲô󻰡Ȼ̶һʱ䣬һʧǱҪ̫ˡ
԰ԨǸм㣬ԷҲĻм
ԨǷͲΪͷ
÷ϣҴߴ٣ӰҲô㡣ʱúӺȳ⺣Ԩԭ򣬾ǺߴӰ죬Ӷ˺ӵĲ
ԨΪʲôߴ٣ȻΪ˷Ӱ촫ݵϢ
ˣԨ³Ҳзڡ
ߴ٣ǺǣҲǴߴһΣҲ㲻ʲôȴСҪҵĺԨǣһΣҲǿ͸ˡԨҡҡͷ
ûгĬ£ǳҲֵģĬ㻹ǵðٽǸطԨǵʱ򣬻
һ㶣Ǹţȴ΢ӡ
ǺǣĬͲ𣬰ٽ˳Խ򣬴ǵô֣ºŪ˲һǰ䣬ΪҺԨǶģĬ㣬ǡᡣԨ
΢΢ͷ
֣ΪһʼͶٽ˻̫ɺˡ
Ǹ׼ʮطۣҲǰٽ˵ˣ׹
Ԩ˵ͷ
λʮطۣӰλϣͰٽҲǧ˿ƵĹϵͶ˺ԨǣڲǽⷢӰˡӣԨһҧгݡ
ûм˵ʲôͺԨϾ㲻϶ٽ飬ڰԸ浣
Ҳ޹ˣܿ뿪
ܿ죬뿪˺ԨǣǴŮ뷽ͬС

һۣиʻš
ղ֮£ҪлˡͻȻתͷԺ治Զİ˵
лң
ԣʱһ㶣ȷϷ˵ƫƫͷԡ
ָ֪ʲôںԨǵĳڣӰĹϵˡ
ڰⲻһС£Ҳûϡ
ǣû뵽ǣǹϾȻǨŭǺϷͳԤˣϾͺԨ֮£֪ԨߴΪ
һ
ᣬȻʲôɲһڻûκһʹгǽگҲ޼¡
ǽگֻ޶˰꣬ΪݻҲһֱôȥ
ߵ嶼ʧӰĶͻֳ
ͺӣҪһӰ졭
Ĭ㾡ܷģӰĹһһе
òšȻû㣬ҲӰ죬Ԩǵĳͻֻǰ˾İˡ
οҲһˡ
һ仰û˵
ȷʵûнӰϣȻڽ磬ԸйĽӴɲԼǡ
۱ǿ󣬷ĵǣԶڽκһ֮ϡ
һ÷η塣
ҲԣҪõ֮ĵ㣬Ӱ죬޺ңٲҪѡһңѡӰ졣ͻȻЦ
΢΢һЦ԰Լ뷨ûô⡣
һϲ֮ʥĿעϲ֮ĻҲ̫Цˡ
һˣһһУһһữӵѶ¼ֻҪʵţǾͻºۼѶֺۼһ޷޷ȡǶԸʥԣȴĿ
ֻҪȥʱ䲻̫ʥȫܿݵĹȥһУͬʱݡ
ȻܻݵģǶݵĹȥֻڱڡ
ǽگʥ֮ԷϿɺûãûͨˣȴ֪֣֪ľ磬ͨʱ⣬յ
ʥҲһĿע˽⵽ģʵ顣
ѧ淨֮ǵڶԲӽ˴֮޵ĳ̶ȡ
һ㣬ڷ֣ϵ˻ӽ֮ʱѾˡ
ǰȻѾ˽
֮淨ĵ㣬ֻӰ޺УʥһȻ㲻ʲôܣҪĻҲǲѵġ
Ӱ޺죬ûսѡ˭ûж𡣡
ڣӰѵѡ񡣡
˵ǵĹ
޺ʥûйע㣬δ֪֪֮λʥµ͵ʹǽٹȥҲδػὣĻȨҼҵλ࣬ˣп֪ĴڣҲ֪ܲ
δ֪֮ѡ޺ܲȡ
ӰͲһˡȻЦΪӰûʥ
ԡͷ
Ӱ죬ûʥڽ綼ǼΪټġ
ܳΪʥΪӰģһֻ˵Ӱ
ʥûڱڣʱݵʹʵ˿ȴҲûжô
ٶԷ˽ϣӰǲġ
ǣɳ֮
׼ôЩζĿŷҪıȡӰ֮㣬ȴҲ̫
ǵӰŭһеĻҲΣա
ңҲὫһϣڳǽگϡ
Ӱˣԩ޳ҲȥǰòǸǱ˵̫磬»û𡣡¶һ˿Ц
λٽǧ˿ƵĹϵսʱ򣬰ٽɳΪС
Ȼˣ̤ƽ˰ٽ˰ɡ
Ȼ



1636 
ٽˣڽǰĶ
ǿ򣬷۽綼ǼٵģĳƵǿƣԶǷڵĽܱȵģǿ֮ǰУٽ˵ǿɴ˿ɼһߡ
һǿǹɽۡԨ˵Ļᵽ־ͻеɽѹ֮Ϊˡ
ǣʱᵽˣҪ̤ƽ˰ٽˣȴʮֵƽ˵һϢĶһͨͨһ㡣
̤ƽٽ𣿺ã˼۾
淽ľľȤҲ뿴ܷ

һս÷ȵ¶˽¡
֪жˣעŵΪҫ۵ǳ
ʮطۣߴɫʣõʥ֮Ͽɡ⻷֣÷Ŀ죬Ľ磬ûһ֮ܳҡ
һʱ󣬷뿪˺ԨǵĶҲϾͱ֪
Ҫʼתս¡
Ĭûмκһڡ
ѵ˵߳ǽĵ·ڴﵽ۷һ̣ת񣿡
Ϊ֮𶯡
ûмκһ׾ܴ̽ĳ˾һЩ͵뵽˵ĳǽ
ͬûмκս¡
ǰãǽگΪݻ˸档
ƾҲ볿ǽȣ
һᣬɳ죬Ĭʲôƣڵĳɾͣ˵ʲô߳ǽĵ·
Ҳ˶Դ֮Աǡ
Ҳдʣǽĳһ޵֮·ʱ綼ڳǽǰûܸƵ漣ĬҲС
˵ǣҲվסŵġ
ʷϣȱһɳǽ޵ģƣûоԵ壬̷Ҳ
Űɣò˶ãĬĳɳͻͣûԶָٳɳҪΪʥҪϵͻļޣĬɳ֮죬˵ѾǱĴˣҪͻƺޣģעˣֻܳΪһǡ
ǣЦ޷յĳɾҲСʮطۣ˳Ĭ⣬˭ܰ쵽ⲻǼ򵥵һǱľġ㣬𣿡
˫ִһʣ˵Ҳ˵˭
ʵҲˣһ˵ĳɳ˲ȷԣ˭ߵ󣬲ʱ̣ж˸ҿ϶
ǽսµʱ˭ϵܳΪʥΪ;䡣
еʥžޣһʼͺѹһ޵£Ҳеʥƽµµȴһʵߵ
û֪ߵ
ǣһ޷ϣڵĳɾͣҲʹĿȻʸעģҲǽǿ
һ죬Ҳûκιϵ
ʲô뿪ԨǺ󣬳ĬûսκһλʮطۣǰϢùעŷĸ
Ϊ׼תս£ǲսκһλʮطۣʲô
ʮȻǱɨˣɸʮ֮࣬ȱ֡
ûг֣һЩҪһɵΪ֮ʧ죬ֵģȴȻ̫١
ѵ˵ЩֶԳĬ˵Ե̫СˣûսȤ
棬ҲܿͲ³˷⡣
޵תս֮ãսһǿߣĥԼĽʵ̫СĻȷʵȤսҶǽޣȻ⡣
ʮط˿ȻЩǱͲôǿڽĶƫƧطԶҲ࣬˷
ˣڲ²ⷽһվ
ѰĶ֣ѾĬɹѡĿҲˡ
ĬûѡһӿԽʮĳ˵ҪȥĵطҲ̫Զٲڽһˡ
ЩĿ棬ѡû˸׵㹻ΣܳΪתսĿ꣬Ҳֻһطˡ
򡣡
۽磬ȽǿҲһЩǾģȴǽĪг̣ƺҲ֤ʵ˸Ĳ²⡣
һʱ䣬֪ɳ֣
ϢǿƼĴҲΪ֮𶯣Ȼ
еֳĬһʣҲе˳֮䣬óĬʶԼǼＸ
ӿƽ£ŷ籩
Ҳʱ򣬷̤롣



1637 ѹ

򽻽֮ء
ɢǿϢŮǹվһߴɽϣݺᣬĬĬȴš
⼸ʮط۵Ů⣬ΧԶŲˡ
ڴޣҲź桭
׵ۡԪһ࡭
ΧԹ۵ĿǼʮطɨ̲ס𺳲ѣ⼸ˣ޲ǽ򼫸ʢķ۳ڡ
׵ʮģҲ½ĹԪһࡣ
Ȼ˵Ǿǽǿķ۳ڣȴǶһˣ۳ٮٮߣЩ˻Ϊ˵ȴһˡ
Ĭ
ûЩԹ۵ˣ׵۵ˣ޲ΪȴеΪ˿֣еһ÷ķɡ׵۵սҪ÷֪Ұĵط׼һ
ӷǱؾ֮ء
;
ֻҪȷʵҪǾͱܲ
ˣĬ쵽ˡ
᲻׵۵˵ս
׵۵ȣ˭ǿ
ΧԹ۵ˣнģҲԱĵطˣĶ򲻶ϴԽԽӽǶһֺֹĽŸС
ɽ¥
ˡ
ɽۣ֮׵Ȼ۾ˣԪһҲǷ׷Ȼһ̣ǸӦڽ򽻽ĵطȻ䣬һɳصĽڶ𣬷ҡֱʡ
ǶʱΪ֮ɫ
ԵЩڷۺˣȫȻڽһ̣һ̤۵Ĵͷ󣬿ֲĽѹ˷
ԶʵõɣһԴд׹£ʹʵǿˣҲɽѹ£ľԨ
ѹȡ
ڣ˺Ȼɫ䡣
Ǻܿ׹ôһ¡
뿪ԨǺ󣬷ͱĿսκһˣҲ˺׾Ͳµսģǽеǿߡ
ķڽ죬ҫҲǳѹ
һʧܣ˻ο᲻׹ϵĹ⻷ʧ
Ӵѹ£ǱˣӲʵӰ졣
ǣȴûС
ѡᣬΪû˵ԼҪȫˣȴˡ
ûбѹѹǽѹ˶
˳Ӧ˵˼УӴѹһɣϵĺˣϵıѹȣȴ̤һ̣׵ͷ˳
һ̣Ľ⣬ȫƵǾ춯ء
ֲĽɽХϯأûĳݽ⣬ѹȵʮطµ˴ӿ½Ӱ׹䣬ʹʮطҲ𣬳˲Сѹ
Ǻεһ֮ɨһ㡣
һĬһѹȡ
ԶһϣЦڷҪ£ͻصԼݣʱĽɨأŮͣȴûܵӰ졣
ŷ̾
Ļò˶ãһ·ϵг̣˽ĹעΪҲԼ޴ѹ
һ·ǻѹһй
ǣӽ֮ˡ

ֲĽϯأ˶ڡ
׵۵ˣ׵壬ֱֲܵĳǸоԼڿ籩еıۣʱ㸲֮Σ
Ľ⣬ͬһӴɽ壬ѹü˴
~
׵۲ʵŭ˫ĿԲǿϳҪѽѹȣȻĽѹ£ͷӲԪһ޲ˡ
ǽµɽ壬ǵŭ𱬷£ѺۣѿȴҲ޼¡
֮ϣӽԵʻ
һһ
ֱۣ뿪˵أʧʣϯصĿֲŻɢУ׵۵ڣһ˳֣Ҳûһֻ֣ܳĿŷﳤȥ
ϢһأΪ֮𶯡
˭û뵽ԭһʶǿ󣬲һĴܱȵģ֪ɾͱˡ
򶥼ķ۳ڣԷȻֶܡ
Ҫǣֱڣûм֣ڽԵĽѹȣǽһߵĲΣýٴС
ʱû˸С﷽
ʢ֮ʿ
˭ΪսĶ󣿸ˣǹעһ㡣
ǿһʱ䣬ΣΨֳΪ̤ʯסսΪЦ
ķΧ£ҲٱֳĬ뿪ԨǺ״ηų
ٽˣˡ



1638 Ĭûôǿ
˴󻩡
һսĶ󣬾Ȼǰٽˡ
ǽǰеĶû뵽һѡĿ꣬Լġ
ĬٽʲôԹ
ˣҪʲôˣ
Էϰٽ˵ɣҲв˸е棬ǵĵ£һҲˮʯ
ѹֳĬҪҰٽ˵鷳Ĭλ򣬰ٽһҪء
˻Ȼ
вȽǿȻɲһҪѡսȻȴˣҪ˵ûаٽ˵Եʣû˻š
˵Ͱٽ˵ĶԹ㲻жǽƾһ㣬Ѿ㹻ٽΪһսĶˡ
ͷԩ޳𣬲Ұٽˣ˭
ĬսٽˣڵĹؼǣܷٽһͷ
ǵģĴǵĵط
һ򣬾ýɨأѹȵ׵۵޷֣ȻݣߵĲΣǲʵܺɨˡ
ԣսһеȵ׵İ취Ҳ̽һ̽ǳ
һͽָ֮һ

Ҫսٽ˵Ϣٶȴ˰ٽˡ
ٽ˶ʱҡ


˰ٽˣһҪÿ
Ⱥ鼤ܣΪٽ˵ˣһָ߸ϵԽУڽڣҲȷʵʸҲ԰ٽΪڣȴ˵һսˣһ裬ðٽ˵˷ŭѡ
Ĭ֣ڰٽǳ׻ˡ
ԭ۱ɱóĬһ֣˰ٽ˵۽磬ûжϣҲңԶ˭Ҳû뵽ڶ֣һҲֱǡ
ɽأһڡ
ž
һϵߺݺһƴǰϣֻĺȻһ죬ζ
ʲôڻʲôȵĿǰɨ
ڣʮˣȫʮطۡ
һٽ˾˶ʮطۣ˵ǿ֮࣬ʵ֮ǿԶһĴܱȵģʮҲԶԶһ
ʮطҲǿ
Ȼ
ĬѾˣò˼գܵһλʮط۵Խ˵Խ͡
Ȿ֪飬ǻۼҲΪ⡣
Ĭ
ᵽĬ֣ڶʱв¶־ɫоͰһ˵ķۡ
ܺ޷ǣҲ֪֮һ˰ڵλʮطۣͲܶԸġ
š
󲻵ٽ˵Ҳ벻ڵ֪ҪսٽʱЩʮط۵ĵһӦǾţۼ飬Ҳھ֮飬Żʹ߲Ȼŭ
Ͼٽ֪ĿµģУ۾뷽֡
Թ۵Уֵ˺٣Ȼʮֵв٣ǵ˵Ǳŷ
Դ˵
ߣǳǽگһ۳ڣҲǰٽˡһλʮطɫ
˷׷׵ͷ
ٽ˵ʵֹǰһ㣬иǿ򣬿ǣڷսȴɲóǷ
ҪţĬûôǿ󡣡ߣҲǰٽ˵
ԼЩµ˼ΰټҲΪ˴ǵĹǡ
ţ
ԣ۵˶ʱһ˰ٽ
ĬǿһӹɣûôţǱսסˡٽҿ̿ϴһۣñ̿ϴɷڵ̫ϳϲҶ֣Ӧþ۷ʵҲ˵һķ棬ҪһЩ
ϸ룬ںԨĬʱʵη壬еѹٽۡ
һô˵Ļȷʵˡ
ǿطֻɹһΣݱ䵽һͱĬȥûչֳȵ֣ѹ˳Ĭ
Ĭ֮ζĲʵʹõĽ⣬óսٽ˵ʵϣһϣϣж𡣡
ڽɡ˵ٽЦһץסõսǵ©ˣԼϡ
̫⣬Ĭһɱˣ޽
۵ͷȥ޷һսľսҪ̫ˣǵɾ˷ĺպ
ڽԵĽѹȣĬͬȡɣ׵ȻĬ£ֶܡٽ˵ˣ˵ЩΪ֪Ĭûôǿǲսʤġ
ʹ޷֣ǰٽ˶óĬײͷѪ
ԣڻʲô
һ˵˵ܲ١
ȷʵٽ˵Ǳսŵˣƽ׵ʧȥģ״̬ӭУǱذܡ
ңĬںԨҲйͻóĬȥģѾѶӰ˾ģҪݴһγĬ档ٽĵ˵ͷʱķųһذը
ʲôӰҲ֣
̫ˣ¿Ĭô
Լƫƫǰٽˣ·ߣȴƫ
ٽϣ˵̸ʣӰĲ֣ġ
ٽͨȥ˷ֵĹ⻷֪ûôǿٽŷųӰֵĺϢһӾͽ˵ʿĴԷηһɨա
¾㱸͵ȷˡ



1639 
գһ۸ʻţˣ;ϵڿ֧ʱ޲Ƿ׷ױá
ȻΪ磬Ҳв֮ͬ
ؼ䣬޾âʱ̴壬Խ޵ĳɳŲСĺô
ǵؽĻһڸ߲磬ͬǵʥأڽ磬ЩâҲǱòֲ
еĵطâ̫ʢҲеĵطâ̫٣еʱܾϯķ籩
޵һأڽ磬ڻؼ޾âԵøǿҲǽ޵֮һأ̧޲ڻؼ뽣ʮط֮ʱȻҪԿ١
ҲЩâĴڣʹýգźĳ֡
â̫ʢĵطʱ̳޾âĹȴôʺУǷâϡٵĵطŵĴ󺽵
ǰգȻȥ뽣ĵطûʲôͬǷǿĽȴܿһâϡٵľ޴󺽵֧ᴩ˽Ӵ
ǽǿ
ԶԶλںԵһСϣ޿֧ʻ۶飬Ľ֡
֧۶飬ڽһǿȻ㲻϶ȴҲܱȵġ
ӴǧͬУǣֻ۶Χ˺ȴǷ׷ãǺεȵ棬
֮꣬Ҳ˾ͺˡһλ̾Ϣ˵Ľ
ȵȣǿ
һλȴͻȻæȥֻѵ۶飬Ȼƫ˺˽䡣
һΪõ
Ǳģȴ˵ɵ𾴡
˺Ȼȥȴֻ۶˱ܵģȻһۣĿȥȴϤĸоƺ￴ġ
ǳĬˡһλ޾￴
תսϢʹڸأЩҲҵ֪
ɨµĳĬˡ
⼸޶סˣĿڵ޲˹ܵĶֻ۶ʱޱȣǻĽҲתƵ˷ϡ
ɷ򣬵ǰ
ãһλ޲ų³һ

Ĭڽǿʢ˼㣬Ϊǿķ۳ڣҲʮۺ졣
ڣЦҲǷ۳ڡ
󣬰ֵ˷ϣͬһʱ䣬ҲǱ緢źţ˵Ϊݻ
ϾٽʵǿᣬǷ۳ںͷڣʮλ֮ࡣ
ҪһӵϵĻǿҲǶ֣˾٣ȴΪٽˣǲ̫֡
ǿķ۳ڣ
ЦЦ⡣
ȷʵԵѹȣҲƵǰδе۷塣
ڽڣзɨµĴԣƳΪǿķ۳ڣɼǵ𺳣һ۸ڶĽǿ߶סˡ
ǷҲͰˣƫƫǷ۳ڣȴչֳǿʵȡɵĳɷݣҲòΪ֮𺳡
˵Ĭ㻹ûзŰɡͻȻʵ
˵ͷ
ţûУıǳĬס
ɳʮطۻûзŵģҲֻһλˣҲŷŵģֻΪ˱ʾ׽˫ֱڽԵҪս࣬ͬԼķš
ڹϵԶ߱ԭڳƺһʱδض÷š
ǹԪһǴС
̫ᣬɳ̫죬мʧ˼꣬ûзźתս£ķӦûˡ˵żĽ˵ʥ
ŵγɣŲͬʽȻģʾʥ׷⡣
Ҫʥ׷⣬ȴҲûôףʵǻᶪʥ棬˱Ҫ޿ʵ
ڴõʲôš¶ڴ֮ɫ

ڷٽ֮ʱٽҲӭ˹͡
뷽ںԨǱͻĺӳ֣Ƕһǰ
ٽҽһ£λǶԣӰǰķ۳ڣͬʱҲһλӰľ콾ӣҲǹϽһߴܸٽˡ
һλԬҫλ϶
ĳЩǣֻǵ֡
Ԭҫһ׳ʵĴ󺺣϶ȴһۺɷŮӣڣӿſֲ׵Ŀ⿪ؼ䣬˵ľ
ͬΪ۳ڣٽ˵ļ޲ľЩ˶ӡ
Щ۳ڹȻĺܡ
ʲôǿҿҲˣܺɨǵĳĬҲǿȥ
ԬҫĿƣԶеķŽţдŶ԰ٽ˵Ĳм
ˣϻ˵
Ϊ֮ˣ⻰һʱһҲֹͣ˰еĽ̸
ٽ֪˰бӣһܣϲ⡣
û뵽ϾȻǿԮҪ֪Ӱڵĵλ㲻жߣ˫ı֣ԵĵλҪڹ֮ϡ
ڶԷ¶ӣٽҲ⣬ԷϾˣ߸ϡ
ٽҲ
ٽǿǰʲô
̫ˣλǳĬҪùٽЦʱάˡ
ľ콾Ҫֵ΢ЦڵĽ磬һһˣһ죬ȴ콾˽Ц˴
ĬһСˡ
žԵġ
ķ۳ڣķ۳ܱȵģϾʥеɣԴޣʲôɱԡ
ʱҲˡ
һνǿ۳ڰɡԵ


1640 һս
ٽˡ
ԽԽǿѶнڵģҲдԶģҪĿãսٽ˵һս
ʱٽΧĵͣһۣӰأǿϢǵأŷԲÿһ䣬ʵ΢˸Ͳ̤Ƭ벽
ٽ˵ҲǹȻɽţ뵽ǿڹս
Ȼʸڵǿ߲࣬ԸģҲֻٽվһģ˶ûнܡ
ֻٽ˵̬Ȱڳȴ㹻˵һˡ
һĵηκսɣٽ˺İҿĬҪԴͷˡ
ҲԼ֪ߵغս˭ãƫƫһսǰеĶӢǱ̫ߣԼλˣ¿϶ʳֿԡ
в÷˹ЦſЦ
ûٽ˺ǲһǿǺͳĬֵģ֪Ĭжʵڻˣ˵ġ
ҲͷͬӰٽ˵սȷʵֹۡ
ַ֧ˣҲƿԡ
˭֪ٽǲǿװ򶨣ȳĬһ֪ˡ
ͻȻ
ٽ˵ϼһǣϷα˲ȷġһЦһʻϴ
ϹҪʧˡٽŵڴ
нţǰٽ˵аͬǽĶٽ˱Ĭһ˸̤ƽĵġ
Թ۵ĸҲϳ˵֮˵
ãҽͿǶн˵
ǽʢ£ܲһԶѸٵǰ
ǽľƽ̣ǽһǿ
Ųнźͽľ֮󣬽ĶԼ˰ΪڵǸӹһսĽʤܣἫӰ֡
ģӹעǷˡ
ĸƽɡ
Ľӹڡ

Ҳһһ˳м˿Ƚǿ򣬼ʹ綼Ǻպġ
ʷʮطۣΪ֮𶯣³Ķ˰ɡһλƽ̾Ϣֹ
һսܵ˴ĹעȣʣҪԭǷ
Ĺ⻷ʵ̫ҫۣĿĴڣټһսٽĶЩؼ䶯Чûһĵ
ûδء
ĿĴսʹҲûеע
ʵ˵ԽңԶ룬ۿһսҲûжѡ
һȷʵ޷ϡ
һսܵĹעʵ̫ˣǳĬǰٽ˶䲻𣬳ĬˣĹ⻷ͻӰ죬Ҳһǧɣ֮Ӯˣ̤ƽ˰ٽˣôпܽһս񣬺ǺǣûǴĻĬڻûʽķŰɡ
˵ʮطĿζڴ֮ɫ
԰Ĭ̫ˣ뿪˽꣬ʮطۣδзš
̤ƽٽˣȻһս񡣡
ҲӦ˹Ϊ֣֮Ǻпڼ֤ʷ뷨ǿܲѡ
һսΣҪڰٽײͷѪҪһͿء
ٽڣٽҧгݡ
Ҳʶһս壬ֶһԲɣĴۣٽ˳ܲԶڳϵĪ衣
ˡ
Ĭˡ
ڴʱ̣һսһǣҲڵ
˵Ŀ⣬վۼװķϡ
ţǺǣҲʶˡ΢΢һЦ˵ļ̸ۡ
Եɺ֮£һսްθߡ
õȵתս֮ˣ̤ƽ˰ٽˣķžͻ֡
һս񣬻һͿء
˶ڴš
Ĭһ֪սǰٽˣ󡣡ٽӰٽڴ
Դ˵ĻӦֻ֡
սɡ
ûжķϻҲûнȤ£ǻһѳʵһ̤нڽ𣬳Űٽңңһն䡣
~
ƺȼֲĽն䣬̼ڻؼ޾âתͳһصĽ⣬ɢȵĹâ̫ͬ׹㣬ն˰ٽˡ
ս˲䱬



1641 ƽ
һ
֮ʣΧԹ۵ڶϣ˶𾪵վ
мһ֣֪ûС
Щӷڽ죬ȻȴҲȱߣΪԹڿˣһ۳ǿǿȥֹĴڡ
ǣһɵ˷׷ױ졣
Ȼ㲻ǾףȴҲ˵˷ʵȷʵһķ۳ܼ
ʢ֮ʿ
˵̾ϢУ嫿ֲһҲն˰ٽϷйΪ֮ɫ䣬ǰٽʵ΢ˣ˫һڵأǿ־塣
ٽɽλڰٽ佣ɽ
ٽսʤĶ֣ɨڶϰʤ󣬰ٽ˾ͻὫսƷе佣ɽϣڷŵͳһ֮
佣ɽɴŰٽ˵ҫ͹ѫսʤһǿеļ֤Ҳÿһٽ˵˵󽾰
Ȼһ£նٽˣҪȴǳ佣ɽȥġ
󵨡
Ĭ
ٽ˵˷ŭ֮һλŭУȥһ˿ȷѷɫӴ󽣹뷽Ľײ
Ȼǣ¡
һĻ˶ǵһ
ٽ˵ȻһȴҲûʲôϲɫǸӵļɵΪһˣǷڡ
ҿɵӣһûгȫ
ʵƺǿˡ۵૵
ٽͷ˶Եһۣǵ˵ͷжʱ󶨡
һն䱻Ƶɫȴûж仯һ̤
糱ˮӿڷĽ̳һƵӣŷĲⳤҲǰӿȥ˰ٽˡ
Ĭעᱻǵ佣ɽٽžȵ졢齣󡣡
ǣ
ٽ˵ʮطУԽڶӭ˽ⳤӣŰΧγһơ
󡣡
˵ͫ׶ʱ
ʤǿĴɱʵ΢ɽ󣬾նɱʵԼǿһǿߡ
ֻǣʵ̫ѵãҪҵʵ߸ϼѣԽ߲Խˡ
ǵͲεĽ󣬱þطʡطһɣóһЩϾҪҲףʮطһ𣬾̫ѵˡ
ʮط۱٣һҲûмˣɽˡ
󲿷òһĽ
ǰٽˣ׾ó˱ûеʮطۼ󣬲ҲǱƼ˰һô߶˵һλƽ̳
Ƕóٽ˵ȫǷ۳ڣͬһţܽŽӵ¡
ܱٽصĶԴϧͳɱ˵ǿ
һķ۳ڣٽ˸ȥɽ󣬹Ҳûʲôô
ţ󡣡
Ŀ΢ȻҲİ᰽ɽʱͼʶνĽˣȻһĽԶ޷ǰȡ
~
ȻͣɵĽһʱ佫˽ȥûȷӦֻؼһһ޴Ľ⣬ŷն
һʱ䣬·齵纣
ûκλҲûκڱΣؼֻһ޴Ľ⣬ֵɲǣΪ֮ʧɫһעϣŽ䣬ɢѹҲǲ˴
ն󣬿ڡٽ¶Цݣ£ܵ
׽սնɱһλڣɱȻܷҪѶˣնĿ¡
ǿһĹ£Ҳ֧Ų˶ãͻ
µĽ󣬿µİٽˡԹ۵ڶУʧٽ˵ǿ̣ҲǾ
Ȼڸǿ׽ɱޣһȴɱﵡ
ǳˡԵһЦ
ôף۵ɲ
˾䣬ȴǲŲæһΣȻһγ۲㾪Ƶطǰѽʱ鱻Ӱ֡
֣һնͷϴĿֲѹ£һܳٻٶҲǽһȴؼ˺һӣԲĽͣ͡
նĴ͵һͣѹӵͷҲǱ仺
ûʲô壬۵Ѿ㹻ĿҲڴˡ
һնǰһοһЩһӱ˺ȻǵĽ
ȵھŽ֣ҲҵĿ꣬ƿؽĿˡ
~
ڽ֣âҫڷɣ촹ĴȻɢӰԡĵɶ
ն󣬱ơ



1642 Գ
~
ֲĻӵɶĿӿǻˣ޼᲻ݵĽתۼ䣬ͽǳ׽ɱ
ƣ
ȫѻȸٽһļž˭Ҳû뵽ôȷʵǿ֮Ҳ׺֮
˵һۣںԨ⣬һɱˣһֱΪſû뵽ȴǲʵһλĴ̾Ϣ
˺䶯
Ҫ֪ǽ󰡣ǵλ۳ڣʤǿĴɱŽ˳ɱ˲ˣֱǷ˼һ౶ʹ뺣ԨĽȣҲǲضá
ȻԨ⣬ǳɱУأȴûС
ѵ˵̶ʮգĬʵͻͽôܡţʮطʵô׵ġ
ٽ˵ʮطһңչֳǿǵĴܴ
ԣʵôţȻҵĸоȷʵҪǿһЩȴҲûе̶ֳȡٽڣͻȻŷǰѽƵĿǣҵط𣬻дն󣬶ƣûзӳ
ûǳĬ̫ǿǽ󱻿ˡٽ
һڣҲþеƽ
Ǳ˸˽⣬նŵȱ㡣
촹ĴŻ֮ɱڣǿһ㣬ʱţѹɱ˸޴ӣҲ޴ɶ㣬纣
֮⣬ڲߵıȴûж١
Ǵһƺֻһ⣬κ˵ľᱻȥܹ˼Ҳڲ֣ҲͲ㡣
Ȼڷǰһȱȴ̱¶˳˺Ƶ¶ڴպµʱͱץסӳֵ£ҪʱԳ㹻ʩΪˡ
ʧȥƱ˵ȻǱһ˵ǻŽֱֵӾͱһնˡ
ţᡣ
һɱˣȴǷӦ˹ԷûȻǱˡ
ȻӰ쿪ʼˡɫ΢ֻܵԴٽǿҲԶûôʸ
Ҳͷ˼
΢µĺƵӣŰٽ˷ȥҲǻǰУٽʩѹս
ô죿
һսʧٽ˶ЩţĿⲻ˰ٽҲЩԥ
ٽҲֻһ׽õó֣۳ڳ࣬вٽҲûô۳ڣֻɷˡ
ԵĻٽ޲ýʣµȫȥ˷
ǡ
ٽĿ⣬ɨ󷽵һϣ棬վڴͷЦЦŮĮȴðٽһ¡
졣
ΪݻԶٿԣ̫Ļ¶ԷҲӣڣͲ֮ǣðٽ޵ֱҧ
ֻޣԼǷۺڣϣ޷볡Ӳⱡ
ǡ۷۵ˣٽ׼
ԸһĬڡһƽ𣬴˰ٽĻȴǵŭϲ
˵ˣǶԡ
Ƿչֳǿʵٽ˱ɫ۵ȷڣҲоţǶȴʼƽûаҡ
жӳĬذɡٽϲ
û뵽Ŀ˷ǿ󣬶Իϳʤǰܣǻ¡
ʤȻٺòҲӰˮ÷ʳ
ԵȻͷ΢ǳ˰ٽˣ뷽ңңԡ
ʦֿϳ֣ǻʲôͬӰԬҫЦгġ
ʦ־Բ䡣һˣ϶Ҳǵ˵ͷ
˾ǶԶԳġ
֮ǰʱҲǺȻɫ䣬˶ԷӣԷļɵڶһϾ϶ˣɣɼԾԲ
ͨһ㣬ٽ˶ʱ
棬ԵĳҲòΪ֮㵡
˭
ٽôһλʮطۣ
ҲͰˣڵĸĿɿڴ˴˶֪֪ף˭֪ٽЩʮطۣȴûһǰ˶Ӧϡ
¶ԣͽ̡Ե
ֻûзš
˶ãȻֻˣȻɫ䡣
ܳΪʮطۣԾ֮ˣҲûбſ޾ܳɾ͵ʮطۣȻδȫڽ磬ͬģҲδǶһ֡
ֻ֪ţ֪ټ
СģӰˡʱҲ˷ʡ


1643 Ӱ
Ӱ졣
Ŀ΢УӰٽɨվȺвɽˮĹϣע⵽ߣϲһЦ
Ҫ⣬㶼ѾչֳʵˣСӻ϶򵥣ķ۳ڿûô׶Ը˵ĳҲЩء
򵥣
Ӱķ۳ڻ֣ȷʵԤϣǣⲻǸãķ۳Ση塣
Ҳεģûķ۳ڽ֣ò˵һźϾǲǽ
áΪ֮һ
ĬҳְɡŷԵ
⻰һ⣬󲿷˶üͷ
ǺڸոյĴȥնʱΪۣ֮ʵǿ۳ڵͷ
ǿ֮ʵ
ǣʲôҲһ۳ڰˣҲҰڳôһ̬
Ǻǣٽλķ۳ڣ̬ǲͰٽΪеĲнЦ
ĸϣ
ȻûнԼȴҲмֲǿߣȻģ˭Ϊ֪ðĶԣǿ
˵ĲȻĵЦһ΢ΣȻһѺɫ
ͨɫ⻬羵Ѻɫ֣ؼ䣬ɲǼâֲɨȫ
˻~
˺Ȼɫ䣬ŵĿŶеĺɫ
Ȼ˻ȥʱֻ½ڽʱźɫɨڽǱư㣬ȻųǿҵĹԣÿһâɡ
ҽţؼÿһƴɱװĺ
ûã𾪵ĿɫȻڽѹȥռϷ磬ȻⳡƴУɫʤһ
˶ķǷǶԣûд߶ԼԼ
ɼɫȽڽӵǿ
ʮ켶Թ۵Ⱥǿ򶡾ԵĿ⣬Ҳ
Ӱ콾Ȼͬ졣ٽϲ
ĬܺУкܴضѳϣڿʲô¡ٽ˵һλʮط۾ϲ
ѹսûаյġԹ۵һλ૵
зƴնǰԻҳȻе
ߣˣδǰٽ˵ˡнɫЩѿʮ켶ʹٽҲֻһѣԲܳһ۳ϡ
ٽǰʮ켶ĳԣϣҲӲϵľ켶
ԸóȻڲϵ⡣
ټϣ֪ٽôһˣнܶ϶Ծǰٽ˵ˣȴ˵
ǰٽˣȴִʮ켶ôĳҲͺ֮ˡ

ʮ켶𡣡
ۺɫ൱ʮ켶ĵرˡ
ڽȻĵر͵ȴֻо켶ͬĻڽɸǿǣʮ;֮Ĳ̫ˣ֮Ҳ޷ֲ˱ѹҲ
ⶡӰķ۳ҲŽǰ΢΢ͷ
ʹһҲ٣˵Ƿ۳һˣ÷ëҲΪ磬ž켶ĵرʮط۱ȱȽǡ
ִʮ켶ֻҪ淨ܺɨͬ٭
Ҳ˰
¶һ˿Цݡ
˶Ϊɫ𾪼䣬ͻȻˡ
~
һ޻ĽȻɳݺն˷ͬʱĿ΢еĽڽҲ˳ն
һߵĽޱȣû˿ʣһȴǻͻͺպգâҫۣγĶԱȣշֳ룬Ȼ˫ĽײһȴǷǶԶһ˭Ҳûռˡ
~
һ̣ӰȻսһǿŰ
ǹǣǷǶԣóǿޱȣּѣ˴һȴǻûĶǺɨصķâ֮ʧˡ
ʵ΢ս˭֪ʵˡ
һʱ䣬˭Ҳκβ˭
£˶ɴ۾ٽ˵ǼΪʧ
ԭڶóʮ켶ĺɫ󣬰ٽ˵Ϊ˳ѹû뵽ˣҲûռϷ硣
һʮ켶ȷʵܼʵһ˵ʵǶ෽ģڱĵطĬҪȶǿĶࡣһλ
ĽԤϣôױܣʸ񱻳Ϊǿ
ϳ̶ȣ֮ܽӵ̶ֳȣңӰ졣
ԵȻʤڽǽڽǵڵģڵطʱάתطĴ߶£ڽȻںɫȻҲĹ߶ȴҲܿƽһࡣ
ĬǿһЩ˵žҡҡͷ
ʮ켶ôõãҪԼǿ
ٽˣɫȴЩ
ӰĶԣҲò·һʮ켶»ԶǷĶ֡
ĵ̫磬ʦֿɲֹ㱾¡Ԭҫһ
˵ǣϲҲעģǱĵط
һԽսķ۳ڡľƽüͷ漴ȻãӦòǰٽ˵ˡ
ǰٽ˵ˣǶǽľڵв̫ˡ
~
Ͷһײ˶ɳȥңңԣûټ֡
γȫ෴淨ŵĽ֣㹻ŪԷĵϸˡ
ÿһιԷΪԵ͹뷽ȫ෴ͬһһ
ûľӰֱϲ䡣
˭ˣӰľӰۣóӰԴ˵Ӱķ۳棬ŵڶԭǽжԡʱ뷽Ȼ֣ⷬҲǿ
νľӰͬǾ֮ӰˮеӰĹγȫ෴ԿԲĹȴ淨ϰγɷ֮
ײȻụԣʩչʲôǺεǿ󣬶ԶӦķ֮Ա֮ʩǿҲȻڲ֮أԶ䡣
˶٣˵
ȻܽǻӰӵ㿪ʼͻγɷ֮ʱһ֣ԶĹǿһ㣬ԶռϷ磬ǾӰµĵط
ʮǰͳΪ˷۳ڣ֪ûһ
ǵģǳĬҪСˣ˾ӰȻڲ֮أҪٵĸ־սΪǴľˣ͹ᱻĸӳףҲþӰһ仯ĳ֡
ء
ⶡԣԸʹλϣʤ㶼󣬴ĳ̶ֳ˵žӰƵǲ֮ˣֻҪ̫ǿĶ֣Զܡ
ȻǿҲǺܿá
ϾŸոճΪʮطۣȴʮ꣬˲̫ĵ̺ͻۣ˵ģֻҪʱ䣬һģʮ켶žսʤԣڣȴûʲôϣ
յԴܱȵġ̾
ȷʵ֮ǰĶ֣֣ϵû⣬ʮطۣٽڣʮ켶ò᾵Ӱ淨ˡ
ȫ߿ɱԣ׺ɨ
ĻüԵ
˵ʲôʦ־Բ䣬ΣٽڣԬҫЦ־
䣿ˡҡҡͷӰȷʵһŲ淨Ҫ䣬ȴ̫ԶҪȥҲ̫ѡ
һžЦȻһ㶼ŷĻ
״Ҳ⣬ڽȻնһ֮ȥɲǼ䣬쳾ǣ˵ĳ
ϣ𡭡
ֱָģ֮
ڷֵһ̣ͬһնһǣı仯
һǣ˷һǣ˶Եߵı仯Ȼ෴¶ϲɫʱȴݣ֮ʱȴЦ棬֮෴ı仯ȻͬɵĽȴһġ
ǣȴȶԸģ֮ӰѳһնֺպյĽ˲ն˶ǰһת˻
ֱʱԲ˳һĻ̲亹
ˣȻγҵ֮෴Ľ⣬ǣǲǷֱϡ
Ľ֮ԶǶܱȵġ
ȻвܵľӰ֮ǰȴҲʲôá



1644 
ľȻ
ĸǰҲûһˣ涼ȲˣǿȥȻǴԿ
ʹ˷Ҳʮ㣬ΪӰǵǿǿ淨
ʮǰΪʮطͬ׶֣⻹һΰܡ
ǰʲô֣ٲҲܱһƽ֣ڲ֮أǾӰǿ֮ʹӰǿλ۳ڣҲӮ֮ڶԷ֮£ΪԷսĸΪԻͣҲΪҫ۰ˡ
ܼ˵ĸӡ
ʲôҲǳĬĶ֣
ӰҲסĬҪ޵ˣ
ٽڣ˺Ȼɫ䣬ϺԬҫ˵ɫѿ֮Ҳû뵽ԾȻҲܡ
֮˲𡣡վϣʡ
Ĵ۽磬˵˷Žȴǵһۿûʲôĳˡ
뽣Ľ֮ྶͥ⽣Ҳ̲סо̾
ԵľӰûңһĹȻ֮⽣ˣ޷⡣һѪ˶Ե⡣
Դ
˰ܱ޷ܣĸ߰ҲܷϷȷʵӮˣջ˽ƣڿѾˡ
㲻һЦҲǣӰľӰۣ£ôһСֶϣ֮ǹ⼿ɡ
⻰һʱȺȻ󲨡
ûɣĬ˵ʲôӰ죿Ӱ֮ˡ
ӰۣʮǰµľӰۡ
˴󻩡
ҲȻ
ˣǰ˵ʲôӰǲӰе淨ⶡԹȻӰľӰۡ
ٽڡ
ĬʲôˣٽǿѹеĿϲȴװһĪ
û˵ǲӰ塣
ʮʱ䣬˵Ҳ˵Ҳ̣ڳҲûʶԵģȴǻĪԸͷ˵ƣû뵽Ȼ޹˼ɵ˵˳
룬Ӱ˺Ƥ
Ŀŭ˼㡣
Ҳǳһ
ӮˣӰ˻ûʲôˣʧӰ棬˵ͷ¶β
ʱҲһЩ⡣
ڵǣӦôӦϣ԰ٽ˵ݳսٽ˳ŹһأĻڻ䵽αľء
Ϊ֮ƣҲûбİ취ˡ
ҲԳ֮ǹ⼿һʹ£ҲܷӦĹѷʤھ˵Ӯδ̫硣
ԣ
ǿģһεĻԲƣϾ֮һӰ󣬺һԣʮͬǹ⼿
ûһεĻԼԲ䣬ڲ֮أͼʤ
һ
ȷʵһնȻ˻ʵռϷ磬վûնȥҲûнӲҪô˵Ļ˵Щ޳ܣȴҲǲԡ
֪ô˵һЦ
Ϊ֮ǹ⼿ȴôΪȻ֮ȱݣΪŽԶûƵԵʡ
Ҳû׼֮ʤһնȻء
Ȼ㲻ҾʹΪֹ
Ӱųһķ棬ܺãһԡ
ЦеĽڽȻն
ǿҵĹɲǼҫأڽһӴ磬תۼ䣬Ҳ۷ʱ̡
ȥδӢ飬ۣڽƽɢء
ǣ˥֮
ڷֵͬһʱ䣬еĺɫһ˱仯Ӱת˥֮Ȼ෴ȴһǿճ
ûֹͣ
նĽڽţӲ˴۷ʱ̿ʼ·
һʱ̸ȴѾʮǿ
ǣһȻڱ仯š
ģһĪ˥ϢɲǼ䣬й۶һˣ޷Զж˱ƺһڻ
˥֮ܣһͣһʱڣǿʼ仯֮ʱܾ𽥵˳˥Ĵ⣬̲һ֮С
˥޿Υ棬оС
˾ĿΧɽأľɭ֣ܵ˥ϢӰ죬Ѹٿή˼
ڽٶ
Ȼȴȥˣ˥Ϣ޷ɡ
˵ףʱӰ޵еĽҲޣһԷĹһޣҲ޷Ӧɷ֮Կơ
֡
~
ɿֲײ˴󲿷󣬽ڽʣ˶Եϣ˰ٽˣһش



1645 ִ
һ֮
ϣԱһش̲סİϾ𾪡
̫ǿˡ
ڷʩչ֮ǿѾԽ淨ķ롣
Ȼû֮Ҳû淨ˣ֮ǰȴͨϣ˽淨
Ȼˣ֮ǿĳ̶ȣԶԶԤϡ
⻹֮𣿡ޱȡ
֪Լʶһ仰ȴࡣ
֮ȻȴҲûǿ̶ֳȣ֮Ϊۺĵر֮طƵǿ֮֮Ƶǰδеĵزһٳ˾ӰޣƵ淨
Ӱ죬Ҳˡһ˶ԣ
˶Ŀɿڴ
ľӰۣȻһܣǷŻ˵Ӱ첻ˡ
ʲôҪӰ˺
ʶһ㣬ڴ֣
ڰٽ˲䱬ˡ
ԭһٽ˴ȫޣʿ䵽˼㣬Բʧܵʱ򣬳ͱȽѿˣأɹܷĻ˵Ĺȥƫƫǿޱȵһֱӻ˶ԡ
˵֮ǹ⼿
ˣǿʵֱѹһʮᣬҲ˵òʧܵʵ
ǣ⳰һ仰ȴ޷ܣǹϵˡ
Ĭ̫϶ͷŭ˼㣬һߣǰȥ쿴ƵԬҫ϶ŭɶ
ӰĽô衣
~
ԬҫŭĿԲֱӳɱ˷
ʦ֣ҿ̲ȥ϶ҲǷĿɷû֮ΣҲסŷ
Ӱ죬ĬŭҲǴӰٽɱ
һʱ䣬Ӱλ۳ȫ֡
ǶǳӰ죬ȻûжǿȴҲһķ۳ܱȵģȻͰٽ˵ķ۳ڱȣҲҪǿһ
ȻգǿҵĹâأȴ˵Ĺơ
һնڷɣâҫǿ·Ĺ䣬ɫȴѾҰס
̫
ǺǣӰαװɰٽˣǰңΪʲô
ǹҲûʲô˵ƫƫͷ¶βҪڲ°ҡ
ЦѵӰı㣬ͲҼ䣿
ҳĬƫƫа
ƽ쳹ȫȻƽȣȴܴĻУܵŭ
Ĭ˵Ĳ޵
ȷʵһٽ˲ڳĬͻȻðӰ콾ڴ֮£ͺп֣ܵӰ˾ȷʵˡ
˷׷׵ͷ˶վ˷һߡ
һ䣬ֱڣĬûᡣͻȻڵԶԶ˳ȥ
Χǰһ£žǴ󻩡
ͬУ˶ΪǼ죬ȻȻᣬı
û뵽Ȼûᡣ
Ҳ˵һĻˡ
˵֮ǰӰΪֻǱҪ˷廹ûôӵĻھȫһˡ
Ҫնɱλ񽣽磬ҫ۵ǳ
Ӱʲô
Ƿ𣿡
뵽ǱǽگˣӰҲնɱ˲ǲȥ
˵ȫǺ˵˵ۼƳ޷Ԥϵĵطչϵ˱ŭѡ
ȻĽѹȴѹ˵ƫƫڷѹ£ɫҰףһĸоǱ˵¡
˫Ŀͨ죬Ѫ
û뵽Լһ˽ж˽ǱޱȣΪǸͲ֪ûᡣ
֮ԻսȫΪϺͰٽ֮ǧ˿ƵĽܹϵ
˵ףһٽˣʹǿӰǰʲôأҲֻйٽ˵ĹϵΪܣһپ١
ȻĿţٽ˱̤ƽ˲˶ԵսӰ壬һΪðٽǼɵڳǽگ
Ҳʲô¡
ڣǴҲɴˣƫƫɽѹǷѡ
ԭˣһӰ졣ڡסĿת䡣
ȴսһӰ죬ֻһ

~
ȫȻ
ˣȫִˡ
ֱӷŻҪӰ죬ڽһԾŶȻֵġ
һֻع
۽磬ⲢǴûֹ˫ȫɱ£ܳɹˣȴǷëǡ
У
ܷвУֳȴһƬڣ˶ĻסˣޱȵĿܡ
ĳ棬Ա¾
~
ѪˣѪǱһƬ
̬չزѾȫʧأҳ˶֣ܷӰĽΣڹǱˣעḶʹĴۡ



1646

лһеġ
ѪĹԺһ뵽ƾֵİ취
ڿڱ⣬ѾǺܴˣ˵ǻᣬǸˣҲûʲôô
ѾŴ·ųǾͳ˶֡
⣬ʾı֣Ӱôɡ
ǣȴͻȻʶʲôӰ죬ȥ£ǳأԺˣҪȥӰ죬ȱǰһء
䣬ųĻҲһЦˣһ̸ʣ˶ѡ
뵽һŷѹƵԻļ϶عͷȥŭȣڵʲô춯֡
ٽ̷Ӧ
鷢չһٽҲʼδԭϵ˷ŭֵʱԼ˼ˣǶԹϵģͬʱŽһӰˮ뷨׼һȡ
ӰȷʵǱˮˣٽȴһ㶼
û뵽ȻԴΪɣҪӰ죬鳹ִ
չһٽҲѴˣܽΣҲƱػᱻӰǨŭ
ֻǳһ£˱仯ٽкĪһҲ뵽֮ڹŭȺҲ˷Ӧ
֡
˸ոձɱĿˣ⣬ķ۳ڡѸٷ𣬰Χס˷
Ĭ˽Ķǰٽˡ
㲻Ҫ̤ƽǰٽ
ٽŭ˺ܿ췴Ӧעŵǰսϡ
Ǻǣٽ˿ʼҪˡ
Ĭֵܵ𣿡
۷׷ףȻǰٽ˵УҲֻҼϼ䣬ҳͷ򱧲ƽϾǰľǶѾǵٽ˵ˣǣ浽Ӱ졣
ٽ˵У޲ڽ򣬶ӰǾ˭ҵ
ܶԿģֻһЩ˵Ŀ⣬˰
ڰٽ˵ʮطһӵϵʱ򣬰ɫһһְ﷽һЩˡ
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˾һ񣬶ΧİٽǿһͣҲȻŻ
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仰һڣҲ˻Ȼ
Ҫ֪ʱΧģӰ⣬аٽʣµз۳ںͷڡ
ٽԭʮλ۳ںͷڣ˱նɱıӹһ٣ȴɱ֮޷սˣо֮࣬ӰˣʮˣұȰٽԭʮ˸ǿ
˵ʮ棬λڣлٮٮߡ
ݣ˵Ƿһ۳ˣ¾һķۺ˶ֲ˺ã˫Ͳɱ
һ֮Կʮˣ
ĬǷ𣿡
Ȼѹʱ򣬳ʮط۸࣬ЩʮطûĶ֣ѹѹȣڵľ棬Σճ̶ԶԶʱ
ûᡭ
ûţһ֮Կӵʵʮˣδֹ˵Ƿˣʹôž޵ʥڷ۳һʱҲ
׷ʲô
Ҳס
뷽һʱദҲףӲûаյ£Ȼѡô˵һİգҲԼĵ
ҲáҲײ֡
ײ֡
˵һ֣ڰΪбҪʱ򣬻ѡ֣˺˼
£һ̫Ӱϻͷ
һ˶Ϊ֮Ĳѹ̫ɢɨȫ
ᡣ
ͷ̲ס˰һۡ
û뵽ںԨԵʮطۣȻһλᡣ
̳ʥѪᣬԽ󣬾ԽǿѪϵֳԶһʮطܱȵģ˶ĲѹʥϢ˵Ѫȷǳ֮ߡ
հ֮ˣԭϻһµ˰
˵ǿ˿ڶ֮£ҸӵᣬǰӵĹԶֵĻƱػᱻȥܴһ
֮Ķԣһشȴ޷ս
۳ͷ̫󣬾ûнһĶ˭ܸӦ̫̺ľâһȻǾ춯ء
Ȼûĳ֣Ĵڣȴһ壬ðٽ˵ţȫԸ
лˡ
ûлͷûбҪ⣬Ǻģ漴Ŀתϵˣת䡣
ֵĻ;ɡ


1647 뷨
Ļùϵһס
֡
Źϵŭȣһ֣ڰв£ǻЩҲûпɵڶ󣬵ЩҪˣھԵ£ѹһС
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ʮλʮط۵Ǻεȿ£ʹͬһԴ׾γһϯصľ޴󽣹籩µĽУɢ˵ķâ
ϵ£ÿһ䶼޴Ľ籩֣ûһĵط
κһܶһλ۳ڲв
ٶȼʮطУҲ޴ӣٶȵƷӲΪûĿռ䡣
뷽ֵİٽˣ֪һж̣ȻҪٶơ
ˣһʼ˾Ե·硣
ƺƵϯصľ޴󽣹籩ڳֵһ̣ͽ˽ȥ
ٽб
֮ǰΧĬѡλҲнģ֤һ֣Ĭ޴ӡ
˿
ʮʵûǷĶ֣ǵ֣ǾԶԶڷ֮ϵģǿҲҪܴ򵽷塣
ڣٽ˵γϯصĽ籩㲻ǿȴÿһ䣬ͬһ޴УȥʵǿҲᱻĥûѵĿܡ
һĬҲ̤ƽٽˣҪӮˣǰٽ˻ڸʲô𣿡ٽЦ
ζԸ˼ƻȻصԨĸޡ
ѧˡ籩УŲæֻϧ⡣
Ѿִڱ𴦣ִѸ磬
Ԩһսһ֮۵
˵ˣȺս
÷ޱȣ˺һеԣնΪѹճϡ
һսĽΪ֮һİٽˣȻİ
ΣųҪսٽˣȴûмǰǸ׼ʱ䣬ΪǺúһ룬ôԸԼ
۵ٽǷĶ֣󶼰ˣĿԣٽû˵ﲻûпǹ뷽սɳ˽лսҲǲɱġ
ζƷƣǰٽ˲òԵġ
ǰĽ籩óĳɹ
˵ȷʵǼ˷ǰٽζ뵽Ƿڴġ
ڽִһֻУ治ϱŷҵĻ⣬Χ಻ϵĽ籩ͬһ޴¯ڲϴŽڽ
ĿģΪ˴ڽ
뽣תս£һԭ޷ǾΪ˴
һ·벻ʮط۽֣ڽһĴںԨһսǾ޴ޱȵջʥ֮һֿ磬Ȼ˿ɱǽĲ֮Ƿǰδģýڽõ˼ĺôǽڽӵĽӽʮĲΡ
ʱڽɹѾԶ
ʱٽ˰ڳ̣ӴĽ籩ǷԤеһδ
Ӱ˵ĳ֣ЩԤϣգ滹ߵ˷Ҫһ
Ĭˡ
ûһʼӣ˳ΧӶûӣ˵أ̫ء
ٽ˴ϲ
ѵ˵ʷʮطۣҪ
᲻֣
۷׷ף˸˰˭ĳѾӲˣ˽籩ֻбĥһ;
~
籩ϯУڽӶΧϮĽ˺
һվ֮ĳʦҶţ֮٣޼м䣬ʹڿµĽ籩ࡣ
ǣûá
ٽϵ㣬籩ַΧ֮㣬÷޷ʱƿʼձ档
µǣ籩ʼԷΪģ£ǵ۵ҲԽǿ󣬷ܵĹѹҲ֮һ˺ΧĽҲĳܻĿռ䱻һѹ
ڣѾˡ
ʮλʮط۵Ǻε֮ǿǵĻ·ۺҲֲ˺á
ۺȡ
ʮ˵ɢŽ籩Сۼ
ٽ˲ǰٽˣ񣬲һսİĬϧˣȻҲܴһλսĴҡҡͷ̾Ϣѡ
һʮչǾ޿ܣ˵ٽ˻ʹô׵Ĵ򷨣ΪӪ
ûΪʱӮĿܣȻҲûע⵽ڽ籩еķҲѸš



1648 
֮
ڣһĴҪѾ뽣޵ײǽ֮ʵĶɱ־棬εͬһ޴¯սвϴŽڽ
ÿһսãڽ
ʵҲȲţȻȲȴһֱûֹͣǰۻɣʵֽˣǴ
սʱȣǿ࣬ʹ뺣Ԩ֮սʱȣҲҪǿ١
ۣʱеĸܡ
ʮ棬Ψһһ뷽Ƚֵģ˶Է˽Զụ̂ܵҲ
ǣȴı𺳵ˡ
ܸоԨʱǿ˲١
ʵͣںԨʱţͰˣϾʮλʮطۣ滹λڣӰ콾˽ܡ
㣬ΪӦ԰вȫԸ㣬ȡ˱׵սʽɢʮ˵ۼȻɱһλ۳ڣ˵籩ȥ󣬷ֲ֧˶ãͻܣɡ
Ȼȴ֧籩֮Ȼǿ֧š
˵ʵ
÷ľǣʵڶ̶ʱڰ쵽ġ
޷
ʮط۵ʵô׽Ҫ֪ⱾǳԽļޣٳ߸ͷһѡ
硢淨һڣһͻƵģ
ô£ãȻȫ޷⡣

ϣǵǲϣǿڻ㷴˳Ĭɳ֮
ٽ˵һλüͷ΢壬ͻȻԹ˵
ļͳԤϣҲǾޱȣڻû֧Ųס侲λȴǷ쳣
ʮ˵ڻ㣬γ˽籩Ȼǿƥ
ǣӰͰٽ˵ʣ̫߾ͬˮͣμһ𣬷ױãڽ籩˺ӣת֧š
еϵ˵ͷҲǷ쳣ǵ˳ɣĬҲȥˣӳ
һԵԬҫ϶˸кͬʱ֡
ҲϷĳĴǵûкתǸӵļ
ϾǾˣʮˣǵۣԶ֧֮ţ˺籩治ͣƶͬһʱֻܹкһ֣ǿ֧ţʮ˵࿹⣬ǲܵ顣
Ȼˣϵ˾һԿˡ
籩ϯأûܽȥ
˵ǹˣǷ۵ˣҪȥĻҲ޷⣬ϣûзʵ⽣籩֧ţȻֿԡ
ǣȴҲб
񽣣ˡϿ۰ͷ̫
ʲôҲֽ̡Ц
һϣʵԶԣȻҲǰĶ֡
ǡԬҫ϶ǰһٴа㣬ңңš
ǲ֣Ͳһˡ
Ǿܶ֡ûлͷ仰ȴǶԷ۵Ⱦ˵ġ
۵Դϲ
֣ǵĹؼʱ̱һйϵ˵ţǷ
⣬ٽ˻治׵ͬӰ棬ٽ˾Ͳټɵȥ
Űٽ˵ľλʮط۲أѹʱ
ǵһ޴ޱȵ֮У˷޾˺֮Ҫѹķǡ
ٶԽԽܻĿռҲԽԽС
˭ܿˣѳɡ
Ĭ䶨ˡҡͷ̾Ϣһоţˡ
ߡ
ͻȻһ̤ǰһͷ̫Ȼ͸һɾâҪء
ϵҲǲʾ𣬴սһ
Ҳʱ
¡¡¡¡~
籩ڣܵӴޱȵѹ˷Ҫÿһ飬ָоֲ˼㣬߸˿ʱп׹¡
ͬһ޴¯УڽӴ£ϴţĸǿ
ǽڽʮ켶ĽޣӦĸӾңͨ죬һȼŵ̫ǿҵĹԺͷâǼͻƵס
ǣȴûһܿ
ȫת̣ѹŤת˽ڽɱ䣬˿
˿ˣϳŲס
ĬҪˡ۵˷ޱȵĺ
ɱɱ󻼡𣬷۵˵Ȼӣ޲ý̽ɱ
ɱУ֮ʱڽȻһһֻ޴׵Ľڣޱ޼ʵĻ
䡣
ֲޱȵ˲˺˽籩ϵķ۵ˣϻżȿ֮ɫûлعͱĻɣΪ׷׹


1649 ˫
ڽӾʮһ̣ױȵģԶƽʱ
ԭסֲ޷Ľ籩ڽڽǰ˺飬Χķ۵һ⡣
ȫûԤϵı仯ʹԤϵˣҲܲˣ׷ױϯ˻򣬻ûأͱٳ˷ɻңȫʬ
תۼ䣬ٽ˵ľ˾ȫû
~
ٽϻЦݣ˿ȴȻ̣ǿйһ飬ܿƵйɼеľŭ
ûаٽ㼤ҵķӦȴҲ𾪵˼㡣
ô£
Ĭϵ׷ʲôһӾͽŤת˹
ûף׷ʲô£仯̫ͻȻˣǰһ̣ǷΣڵϦۿžͻᱻٽ˺ɱһ̣ռϷİٽ˾ˣͱٳ˷ɻңȫʬǰ仯֮磬һ
ȫȻ˵оš
ǰѽ
üʱҲ˲ϿǰĹϵˣʵϣ߱ӵ𾪣Ҳޱȡ
ǹΪᣬʶǳܼڿһĻʱеĿɿڴ
ǵһ۾ʶˣڷеĳϣȷе˵Ӧһ־޴Ĺš
ʱѾڽģֻܿҫޱȵĹâ
ѹĽڽĽڽģʹڵɱ䣬ҲŤת䣬ӴĽڣֻܿ޾Ĺԡ
̫ʢһУصоĶڽεĻؽλʥϵȻǷԸ⿴ģεģԴб
԰ȴԶԿ͸
ˣǰĳȴҲðжˡ
ѵ˵ǰѽǿɳɳ૵ޱȡ
ĵرͬһ;ͼѸı䣬˵ˣĻʣҪ֮¯죬൱ոµˡ
ѶȻö˵Ȳ˵ѰѶȣؼǣҪʹߵѵĵط󲿷ʮطۣǵʵΪʮط۵ʱ֮ѵĲֻҪʱ仨ȥҵģܷʵһˡ
ҪôŬ죬ǿҪôǸıӦ
Ǿ˵
ǰȴ֪ϻһֿɳɳʹһɳڳɳĹвϵʼʹߵֳɳԸ˶ġ
ܴķⶼѰϹ屦ȫǿģûС
û뵽ϾȻһѡ
ѹ᲻սʮˡ׹Ϊʲô˲ǣĿ޷Ϊ˴
֪룬ڽڽʼͻһ̣Ϳʼת̡
˵õʱ
ڽͻƵĶ̫󣬹ƾѶȲСһþױ˿ƸԴȻҪĵʥʥ£Ȼûܿƣŷеġ
Ԩһսʥ֮ϿɣܵĹעġ
ʥһֱĿϣϾûбֳʲôʥڵҲ̫СûעıҪ
ȹһʱ󣬷żתսʱʥѾעˣڼٽսٽ֮£ʥ޹ؽҪġ
ڣų˻ȥҪȥӰֻعǣ浽֪ȻһЩʥĹע
ˣȻӰ֮ʱǸõͻʱȴȡʥƵĻǳ
ڣʥעļ϶пȥ
Щ֮ʱٽڣȴһƬš
ٽ䡣
䡣
ǰ漸βͬһΣˡ
ۣǰòűɱһΣᲢܵģϵȻܿô̵ʱΣȴǳ䡣
˷⣬䡣
ӰĹλ֣ϲͬᣬλͬСɣǰȴһͨϣ۳ڵʵλҲ߲ȥܶõԴ޵ģҲҪǰٽԼġ
ˣȫı֮ڡ
λʮطۣлǷڣ˲صʧٽֻΣƵ˽ǡ
ĬĬٽ޵ֻ
Խܵǣɱ˰Χľ֮󣬷û֣ͣҫޱȡȴǿֲ׵ĹâȻǰٽѹ׵ľǱٽΪ佣ɽ
һĻðٽļѪ
С̫
һѹֲסŭȣӰٽţһֻյ͵̽˳ǹЮ£ŷץȥ
ڳˣһоӴѹ
۷塣˴˳
ٽɵ̲סˣڽǿ㣬ǰУģɲǰٽ۵ˡ
ҫޱȵĹâǿǰʱȻʧɫ̽ͭǽڰ㣬ͣ
ϲ
֪ı仯ڽ佣ɽ
ȫת̣ϾˣͻʱĽڽ̫ˣ÷еڸǣλ۷ϮȴǺݺһ豬÷˳ѹȥ
ٽڣеǿ֣߳ɽӣûüͻ
~
һ쳹ÿ˵ĵ
һ̣䡣
޷ɱϢؼɨ˲ĻһƬ˶ǵج֮У־ɪɪ
ת֮䣬»ָƽǰĻ谵һ㡣
ǣٽǹЮ£ɽӵǿߣϢȴǳʧˣǴûôһˣӸԴϱɱ
Υߣ
һƽͻȻ֡
ͨ~
ٽڵأϲţ־嵽˼㡣
ǽ˲ɴ
ʱͻȻˣǽǷگΥߣ³Ҳˣǿ۷壬Ҳϡ
ݼǽ˶λ統Ľ񣬾ͷ΢΢Ƿҵ
ٽ˵˸ǿֻŲѡ
ǲ֪ǽδǣҪ֪Υ˵گǣҲû˵ȥ
Ĭ
ǽȴûٽ˵ˣûг֣뻹ھ֮ϣڣɱһ۷壬ڵ˵һ֮ˣԵ
ݼ
ܳǽкĿģԼİȴʵʵڵģ顣
һսƵǾžޡ
ǽ˶
ٷ˫޶ԡ
ţ˫



1650
ϼεӰ
Уÿʱỵ̈ڵҲڻݻ֣˵أ죬ⳣ޷֮أһѹ棬仯ΡȻ
ʱ棬ľͷףλʯǰ壬רעͻȻƺʲôһλߴ쳣ˣ۾ֳɫʱ¶֮ɫŵͣû¡
˫֮⣬ǽǸСһǳ߰ͫ䶨̧ͷЦ
ţġ
ʥ׷⣬Ǻϱߡ
ǸгĬСһҿЩסͫü˵ҡҡͷУһгǽţķͷҿɲ鷳
һλŷרעĿ̣ûԷĻ
ôͫûס׷һ䣺㽣ͨģ磬أѵȥ
Сһܵõʥ֮ϿɣҲǵ֮Ͳ棿
ʲôɺġŷЦһ٣Ǻǣ壬͹ˡ
仰˵ζཻ֮ĳͫϾ˹
Ҳǡͫߵ˵ͷ
Ҳһ㣬ڸģȴôں
ǹŷߣںǵ棬Ǵδȥ

ţ˫
ǽÿ˶˷źûٶ˵ʲôҲûǨŭٽˣ뿪ˡ
˶ܸӦǽȥҲ֮Ļ
ͳǽ
عƽڳȴûһƽһսǵ̫ˡٽ˾Ͳ˵ˣһο˵ʧص˼㣬з۳ڡھȴκβһ׺ɨ𣬴Ӵһǧɡ
⻹ģλʮط۵䣬ؼǷ۷ðٽ˳׵ĵ˹ȵס
ӽ𣬰ٽڽڣҲŲǰУҲֻܾ
ȴûͬǣ˾棬ҲҵģԶٱ˲ݣ˵ˣλ۷ԴСûسǽگɱҲǻãֵͬ顣
ʧߣʧߣû˻ȥע
˹עǷ
յȫǷġ
ɨٽˣŻҪȥӰֻعֱǽ֣׷⡭
һս񣬳Ĭһս˰֮Ŀһĵ
û˻ɣһս󣬷һսˣλ޿ɶҡ
ߡϵɫѿ
һ̶ȥˡ
ִ򲻹Էҫ˻ص˰ٽˣÿʧǵİٽһۣĶԣ뿪
Ͱûֹ
ϵ˲һڰˣӰѾΪʵҲǵ鷳
˸ոͻƵĽڽһڰϣ˴Ĵָ
ϲϲ
˫һս񣬿ϲɺء

Χ˷׷ǰأʹ޷ùϵҲһ¡
û˻ɣǽΪҫ۵һǣڸĹâ
˫֮Ļġ
ԴսҪϢΪɣʹö徲
۸ʻܿ뿪˰ٽ˵ĵؽ磬һսҲʽĻһսӰȴǸտʼӱĴĸҲûмŻȥĿ㻹ں档
Է˵ȴһˡ
뵽ʥ׷⣬û뵽ǳǽϣŷ˵
Ҳû뵽
ɵĽ֮׷⣬ɱһʥ׷Ҫ߼ࡣ
ڣҲλĵʲôԷԣȴڱס
ٷ˫޶ԣǽڴǺε֮ߣ˫ĻͻȻؽзԪͥǽҲ㣬˫۳ĬҲȥ
΢飬ӱԼֹ֣Źֵĸо
ҪΪȻȴˣɫ˵ʵڻĬڵĳɾȷʵϾ˫ĸ֣ǣڣδȴ޷Ԥϣ˲ͬǶʥֻҪ;䣬һʥ
Ƿ˵ǵؽˣ磬ͬʱ˶ѹô̫ؾڵĸ磬Ԫиͥǿ˵Ĺȥǽ磬ȴǸòʲôɫ֮ȡ
ڲһˣλ˫ۡЦ֮ǰ˶˵ǷΪʷʮطۣȥˣҲûʲô֮ϣԽǱǰ档
Ǻǣλʥ֪ˣ֪α顣
һֻ



1651 ̸
α飿˼ʲô鶼С
ȿȡɿȼԵʮֹŹ֣˵ԼıָоǷǳġ
̸ȴŨ
Ĭ£ʥ׷ҫӣҲ˵ɨ˵Ļ˵ĻⷬʸûС
仰˵ĵǷġ
һ˿ûʸ񣬶԰˵ҲȫûǸҪ
Ƿ֮ǰųʷʮطۣµʱ򣬰ûΪǸҪ˵ǷԶûǸΣʮط۸ûԶδǰ˵Щûʲô塣
ڲһǽ׷⣬˫֮ɼԷϿɺڴҲðΪʱķʸ
Ըꡣֻܵ
Ҷ֪ʥչϣһָ񡣡֣أǵġ½磬̫ᣬͼʶ϶㣬˵ĽΪϸ
˶٣ԽһʥǺεȵǿվ۷塣
˲ŵ㣬ʮ󶥼ûһµʥʹЩ֮ˣҲһϣ޷Ҫһǰδеʱڣǽ˵Ļһλ֮ٹ⻹δȥ֮ǰµʥѾ֣ڽҲ֪˵ʥˣϣΪʥ֮˶Ƿëǡ
ǽ磬Ķ磬ȫһ
̫ؾĸ绹ãλʥڶʢʱڣû˥֮Σ磬ȴɱĽ˥ڣǵһλʥѾ۷֮ʱ
ŽδУǵһγ֡
ء
΢΢ͷҲ˼Ȥԭĵģȴ֣˵Щ˼
ϸһµĻ˵Ĳ޵
Ͱһɳʱ̫̣һֱڸٳɳڣûпͣעЩģıϻʱ¹Ļ˽⵽ģȰ٣ھֻ˵ˡ
Σٵؽȷʵ˵˫ǼǰΪʥģ񣬵ؽҲûʥ
ؽˣû뵽ĶҲˡ
ΪʲôҲ֪Ҳֲȥġ˰֣ûȥ˵Ҳԣʥǵ顣
Ҫ˵ǣͥˣʥûʥ£λʥǺε壬ͲҶ˵˰ɡ
δ磬Ȼ˵£˫ԡ
ڵǽ޷֮ģȵǽٹȥ͸ˣ˳Ĭ㣬ٷ˫޶ԣʥ۹ⲻģȻǽ˫֮⣬˵δһƬδһϣΪʥĻǽҲˡ

ʵ뷨
ڲǷ۳ڣδ˵˵۳ھļˣҪһͱһδεͻƼޣѳ̶ȿ֪ǰΪкͷ˵ЩıҪ̫ˡ
ǣǽ׷⣬ȴǰһ
ǿδǰΣʥͲһˣðڴпܴ漣ء
Ϊ֮ˣȻϣؽԪѹһͷ
һϣ
ҼϵĸͦذЦЦҲû뵽Լˣ˴ѹ
Ҳǣ״ʥûиıĻδȷʵͥ¡
˵ĳɳٶȶۣпܱͥĳΪʥ޵¡
δ飬δ˵ˣ˵ڼʥҲ˵ЦҲ˵󣬼ûʥǽôʥֻ˭ʹǷͥ۷ʱڣҲǽŰɡ
һʥɨڻ£ȥʥһ㶼Ը֮棬Ϊʼձʥƿءҡͷ˵Ҳԣǽĵ̣ʥڶ࣬ʹǵʥҲģοֻǲ뱻ѹһͷˡ
һ
˵̫ңԶˣҲաûн͡
ҲûʱȻͻ֪ҲҪھȥŪ
Ҳһʱܿ侲Է˵Ϊʥ磬ھ𣬷ƽѹ뵽Щڡ
Ĭ㲻Ҫʲôѹ׼ȥӰˣ˻⡣
ԡ˵ͷĿᶨ
֮㣬ڱصá


1652 ǰϦ
ٽһսĽɨ硣
˫֮£Ϊֵ֮˾޵ڽʷϣǲġ
⻹ʮطһΡ
һҫޱȵǳڽȽȽ𣬷â޿ɵֵ
ûȽ˸пãһߺ䶯ԵϢ˳֮ȣٽһսȫֵһᡣ
ҪӰ죬ֻһ
ϢȥʱЩûе׶޲ĿɿڴʶĲš
ǿǣӰ졣
λھ֮ϣǿ֮һ
ģΨǹʶոձǽ׷Ϊ˫۵ˣûмκһȴҪӰֻع
ķΪӰ죬˻ԡ
һʱ˵Ŀ⣬ʹ֮ǰԷȤˣҲע
綼䶯ˡ
ԽԽ˶ڹעź
ڰٽ˵ģǲ᲻ȥӰ죬ֻһ
أһ˵ռϷ硣
ܶΪջʱĻӰҲӦ뷽ƽϣ˫»СС»ˣζԷ˵Ӱ죬һ¡
Ҳ֣ܳϾӰǳ޷ȻϣǲǵΪ
Ӱ˵ҲǺǵġ
ǽһگԼ׿ڼӷ⣬ܿԷά֮⣬ϷĻһпܻǣ浽ĳǽȻҲӰϣġ
ˣǵĽ˫һɸΪ񲯡
󲿷˶ֹ۵㡣
ȻҲֹһģӰ춼һ飬Ϊǲث֡
ɳ£ʲô˵оġ
дǽǶȷģҲпֲ´ģоϲ⣬ŲɸĿĵġ
β²⣬Ϊ˵ķӰ죬ȴٳûлӦ
ϲⰡܶ˶Ŀġ
ڣͰ̸⡣
ЩϣӰģ֪Щ֪ߵغ񣬴ֵ⣬ıмӰӣǼҪͳǽһ绰Ȩģ죬ڱƲ
ͨ£Ҳ̽һ³ǽ

ԣ˵ͷԤ֮⡣
⡣
Ӱ죬;£׸ı䡣
Ӱ춼ûлӦȥƺҪ»СС»ˣô󲿷˶Ϊ˵Ц֪ġ
ʲô鶼ûܣ֮ǰˡ
Ӱżӣء¶һ˿Ц
ûлӦΪڽոսҪһʱӦԼ״̬ӰûӦȫȷȱ̬ˡ
Ҫ£ǷӰ죬ȫû֮
Ͼڴ˽磬˶ڹעš
˵ûװƣͲʵ˵ҲҪӦ̬
˫һ֮ܽ⡣
ǣӰڵأȷȿãĻãԷһˣ񴫵÷з£ӰȻһܴĴ
Ӱ˵òãʵνǣȴã⡣
ͬΪ˽Ӱ졣
ӰԷЩɵݼɵڳǽãȴغ棬ΪɵͶ棬붼֪ʵ
ڵҵĻӦȻˣǾ͸һɡЦ
Ļܿ촫˳ȥգͻӰ죬ֻع
⻰һʱȻ
Ϊʲôö˶˵ĺͽⲻƫƫҪӰ졣
Ӱ첻ӦʵҲĬ˺ͽɣû뵽Ĭȴܡ
ʲôӰɲǰٽˡ
ûжףôһ̫ˣʱųͲջȥ
˱һ
߿˿ڣӰҲٳĬȥ
Ȼ
ڵڶ죬ӰҲ˻Ӧ
Ҫ
̶֣Ӱ̬չ¶ţ˿ǷĺᵽŨŨĻҩζ
ˣ̬һʰǰʲôҪˣƣӰĸ̡߰
ˡӵӰĻӦ󣬰һЦ
ӰЩǲĶɡЦЦ
Ҫ˵ӰжʵҲûУǸϣҲ㲻Ӱĸ߲㡣
˭֮㣬Ӱء
ںԨǵʱ򣬷ϵӰ죬Ҫ֮㣬ֻϧԷûһ£ҲΪкӰԻʸôҲֻһú̸һ̸ˡ


1653 Ӱ
Ӱ
һΪӰʹԴΪǽĴ֮һԶڽǿ֮ϡ
ͰվϣӰ
ͽһαһγƵǷƽ˾Ӱû˳ѻɷֱ롣
úţҪ۽ЩʧܿųΪʵĻں档
ɵ㹻ߣ¿ĻܿӰһֻڵŽ·ɿ˵ɽͻȻ˵
Ĵ򣬵Ӱĵ̲ԶķԱ
ǣɽڸߣˮ顣
ӰڣӰǵ֮ĶĴСûκιϵ
ŶΪֻ˵ɫ΢
Ļ޵ķʸ
ӰҲˣϾһ˵Ļ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪ӰĴߣһֻӰһ֣һͬΪ˵
˵λڳ˯Ӱ첻֪꣬ɢݳӰҲıɽò
ʱ򣬽Ӱ쳹صĺλڵĺɣֲ޷󡣡
ȻûˣҲ֪λڻڲӰ졣
˵
Ӱ࣬޷ȣ뵱ӰĿֲйأ˲ڡ
ʥȥΪ˵ӰҲ⡣
ʹδ֪ˡ
ҲõģᾪλڣǲӰڳ˯޹ؽҪ
ԣͬĵͷ
гǽگ£ӰҲǷ۳ںͷһսڴ˵˵ϴܣͲԽֻ֮ӰڲӰ죬жӰ졣
аٽ˵ǰ˭Ҫһˡ΢Ц
ٽһսλ۷ŭ¶Է֣ǽ֣֮ɱ˵ˣǵگ˵˵ѡ
ǣҲҪ⣬Ͼ룬ֲһ䣬Щء
Ӱ㹻ǵĻðŴŭǽķգûоԡ

ȻὫϣڳǽһگϣҲԼĵƣֻǽ
۸ʻһ·ͨ裬Ӱ⡣
ʱӰۼ˲ٽһսʱƣȻ࣬Ҳӵǿˡ
һΣҲסˣֳս
ǳĬһ˳ۣӭΪ׵Ŀŷ
ǳˡЩˣ΢΢һ㶡
ˣڳˡ
ڳǽگ󣬻һ뷽Ӵ֮ǰǲŲʡ
˫ۣлĻϣܺ㽻֡ӳв֮⣬ȴѹȥڣ㻹ӦӰɣסǶ
鲻ԥƺҪӰ֮£ǵʮֲʹ졣
׼⻰ȴЦǺЦǳʲôϵӮĳһеǺθɡ
˵꣬ٿӵɫԦۣԽ˳ˣǰȥ
󵨡
ΪԼ˭
ϣ˲ȻŭӸɫǰ˰ֹ֣Ⱥ鼤ܵˣڲҷ鷳ʱ
Ǻǣ˾ϵ¶ҪΪ㱻ǽΪ˫ۣĳЩ˵ϣգǳʧζЦ
֡
ǽǵĽ֮Ŀӣʵ
ӣǳһǿķ۳ڣûеõʥ׷⣬һȴõˣȻʹ졣
Գĸ߰Ҳȴᡣ
֮Σ
йҲĸȻܹĻߣһҲսӴӰǷĿꡣ
ҲһЩ뷽ֵĲ죬ǿԭЩ˼ˣҲûй
ҲΪ⣬ĿӰɽš
Ӱλھ֮ϣҲ˵λڼߵĲϡ
һŸߵĲ棬Ƕˡ
ǲڵķܿģ޷ȥˡ
ڵؽȥҲˣͨпٵͨӵͲֱӿԽ˸߲棬֮⣬ҪڵĵطֻͨڵͲɽţӶС
ǰߵͨʱģȹ̣ȴǳڵģϾҲ֮⣬
أÿζִۼʱͨһ㶼Ὠɽţȶͨ
ʱĿȥӰɽš
ֻӰֻ֣ɽŹĴȻޱӰ֮УɽԶԶͬſľ޴죬ȴ˲Ծ⡣



1654 ɽ
ǰﲻġ
ӰɽţӰ˵
棬Ӱ㲻ϸߵ࣬ڽĻȨ֮ӰҲ࣬ںܶལɴ˵ｨɷǳض͵
ô͵ҲҲһЩȻʱӰɽţȴӡеĲһ˵ǰǰȫ޺ģôվ治ᵽŨŨΣϢ
ʣӰɽŻı仯ΪԵʡ
Ӱˣ˫֮֮̾
˵Ŀ⣬һʱۼվ۴ͷķϣÿǰĵ·һ·ͨĵӰɽǰ
³ĬǰɽǰɢΣϢɽ˹֣˵Լ⡣
ٽһ£Ÿһ
֮ʱӰɽڣӰУһĮżֳбϵӰ죬˵ʲôӰ콻ɡ
ң͹ɡ
ֱ״ֱĻشȴڳ˵ϡ
ûǷʵҪӰһݽʲôЦ˵УӰ˵Ӱ춼ˣҲһЦˡ
ڣӰɽţ͵ŷء
ǺǣӰ̶ѨҲҪһ΢Ц
˵ͨɽźӰģȡλϵһǣӰ֮˽ĻлܵѹơСġ
ҲǲͬˣϾǷӰ֮£ϣȴǲò֣չûм졣
Ȼ壬һѾӰɽ⡣
˫ۣȺ͵ǣͷǳ˶ǰԵͷ
Ӱ죬ȻľͻηηβʮʵӲ٣ı֣ȴȻûܵӰƵġ
ǰһ̤Ӱ֮УΧޱ޼ʵӰǻһ㣬Ťų½룬ҪƤǵɣһĻһЩ̲סʧȻЩӰ˵ǰʱǿҵĹâӷ
ÿһâ޾Ľɣ޼᲻ݣâ䣬˷Ӱѩ׷ɢ
Ӱһŭߣȴû˳֣ӰҲûָô׾ͱ¡
âӰĿǡ
ִŽڽ̤ɽţ֮Ӱ׷ɢ
ѹӰҪԳĬ˫˵İһλ̾Ϣ
˽ģȻⷽ롣
˫ĽڲŸոտʼӰΪϤ˵ǵӰУ޴ڡ
ϣΪ׵Ц߽Ӱķ
ôֵ߽ȥӰǿߵ©ٳҿô֪Ц׳գڰٽ˵ʱ򣬴Ӯ˶ǣΪӰ˾ʵˣΪǡ
ˣӰʺǷʵĵطǸԣĻĬ׳δػĶ֡
ſɣϾҪԿͷˡ

ΧЩãȻ䣬ͻ
һӰУһͻȻɶӱݺն˷ƫƫȴûκϢ֡
ӰǿߵĴ򷨣˷ʤϢжĬƲƲ죬ֻ׼ù
ڳУҲ̲ס
˭ҲûϵӰĹôͻأĳ֣ûκεԤףǵĻҪŻᷴӦ
Ȼ˿Ѷܵһȴͷְ㣬ڽֵһ̣Ľڽͷնҫ۵ĹâӰһɣδֹóȻֶ¶ˣҲ˽ȥ
һźɫеӣĿ飬ںڰ֮УѲ
ǣһϾͱ¶ˡ
â糱ˮӿɫûһ䣬ֱӱٳ˷ɻҡ
Ǹˡʮط۰ɡһλսʮط۴˸䣬û뵽һʮطۣô׵ˡ
ƬӰ֮УǷǶ͵Ϯĺɫӣƻûǰ㾪춯صĳ˵۹⣬һ۾жϳɫӵʵȷʵʮطɡ
ʮطۡһλĴ￪ڵӰӰÿһӰзʼ޵ʵӰżӳɣܶݵ۳࿹⡣
Ȼµģǵ֮࣬ЩӰ⹦ֻҪͼǲ֮ʹҲֻ볤ʱȻ뿪ӰĻǾûʲôвˡ
λĻΧһƬ
Ŀ£¶˱ɽһǡ
ǿηĶ֣Ļʤ㣿



1655 һһɱ
ոձĬһնɱģǸͨӰӰ֮࣬ȻӰķΧ˵ǿʱ۳ڣվķ۳ڲͬڳĬǰȻǲһ
λĴﲹһ䣬û˷ԡ
ǿĿãһķ۳ڶδһʱȱݰˡ
Ӱ棬Լʮ֮һľʵ֮ķ۳Ҳ˿֮ϣͳ죬ͬڷڣϵӰָˣҳӰ˳ǽگҲ֡
˶Ǵ˸䣬ףΪʲô֮ˡ
ʹûʥ˵԰е
ȻʮطۣӰûô࣬Ӱ֣Ӱ̶Ѩʮ
ĬҪսӰ죬ʵ̫ˡ˶Ϊеϧ
ϾڻûᣬӰ˹Ŀ£˲ɵģСĻٽ˻ţӰлĻԲģʹڳǽҲ˵Ĺȥ
ɽڣûգĬΪ˫ۣɼǽδĳɾͱȻǷͬСɣûҪʱһʱ֮õİ취˱ܣԺǿˣҳҲΪȻܳɾʥ͸ֵӰ̿ѰˡλĴЦ
Ҳһ˵ɾʥǺεȼѣôãδĳɾҲԤϵġ
ȥһ㣬˵ǵõ˵ͬ
ֻǡ
Ĭ˻𣿡
ӦѾʶӰǺεȵĿ˰ɡ
Ӱеķ
նɱλӰֻͣһ£ţûԤϵ˻أǻǰһ̤Ӱ糱û
εȲǡ˶̾Ϣ
ҲԣĬ˵ĻⳡͻˡҲжԷ½ΪϤˣַѡ񣬵Ȼⲻ֧֡
ӣɫԻ
ǰԣӰϮµù֪ϵһ㣬ǵûˣһɱӰһֱĸо
ôֹˣԼԼˣҺڷǰл֤Լ˵ûд
϶ǰṩϢ֪ӰĴڣз֮£ǸӰ͵ϮˣֻǿʼղŽһ̽ٶӰһĳ֣ʹңҪӰ죬ҲҪΪӪСĽ򲻸Ҵ⡭ߡ
Ϊ֤ĻӰĹʼ籩Ϯ
ȻӰУǰ󷽡࣬Ϸ£һȻ֣ݺն˷·ȫסÿһ䣬ţΧӰŤеĮҲֳ֮
ǳǰ˲ǵڣ·ֱֵһ̣ųǸλƵġ
˭Ҳû뵽ڵһε͵ϮʧܺӰչ˱ҵĹ
ʱ۳ڵӰȫ֣ĺףǰȫ޶˹ƣж¡
˶ǺȻɫ䡣
ǿüɫ裬һѿڶ
~
ʱǰһ
пһˣһʱ䶼ǧͷӿͷһǣ仯һͲԵǣ΢̾Ӱ죬ǣ׵˾ûôˡ
쳾糱Ҳӡ
Ӱһ⣬ȫħ˰ԭأĮŤ
ɻӶڽǿҵĹԸ𣬽˾룬˷ɻҡ
֮
棬˾˳֮һӰȫУЧĺá
Ⲣ֣Ӱ޷ķ۳ȣȱҲ󣬷ʹ֮ǵӰ
Ҳ˵۾΢֮ĳɹ޿ɺǣĬϵǵĳ֣רš
𾪵ġ
ĬʵҲ˹£Ӱȱݣ˲ɱΪֳʵ𺳡
û˴һɱлع
ӰǰδеľҲţϵ£˷нɳһΣʮÿ⣬Ⱥն˷
˻~˴󾪡
û뵽Ӱĵôô
һһͬǿ籩һ㣬ûа̵ͣЪ˴ǰһ̣ҵסӰľɱɿһ̣ǿĹϮ
˶ǺȻɫ䣬ʹֻǹۿţǶһϢĸоеķǺεѹԼĻ¸Ӧ
Ȼȴסˡ
ϵˣĵʮ֣ʮλӰҲ֮һ̣еĽ֮һ¶ǰһʮλӰͣ
纣糱Ǿ룬תۼͻ˷ɻҡ
ӰƺҲû뵽ĹƶûκηҲܲߵӰ࣬Ĳûе
籩ĹƣҲͣˣһնϡ
ʱ˻عŷִ̤ɽſʼ߳ÿһ߳ɱʬء
һһɱ
߳ӰʮӰնɱһΡ
ʶһ㣬Ŀ⣬ǾһָоӰٸ߹һЩɽ߲øӰǲǷܼһ·նɱȥһС
ȥһı֣ȴ˵ֿܡ



1656 ͨ
Ӱ˶ɣȻڷǰȴƽϢǰĲûͣ¡
Ӱ
ƽ˵ЩӰȷʵǿµ˼㣬ǶԷ˵ȴˡ
ӰķΧڣޱߵӰУӰʵȻ˼ɵĵطǶԴ󲿷˵µĻû
Ӱ֮У˭Ҳ֪ߵӰ᲻ͻȻɱһȫֵӰҲ֪ƬӰ˶ˣֻʲôʱ֣ʹ񾭽ţδӰϮ»عʱӦԡ
һʵ޷ȫӳܵ⣬ޱȱ
һӰ֮ʱĸܣڷǰȴͳͳڡ
۾︡źڰ׽֯Ĺâе磬볣˽ȻͬȻ̵Ĵڣò˶ֻص򷨲־޷ǿʵۣ֮ûġ
ֵĹߣ鲼ſռÿһ䣬Ǵ֮ߡ
ֻҪǴϣͻд֮ߡ
ӰȽ⣬Ӱһ֣ζŹܼ֮أĴ󲿷ǽȻ෴ԵľӰɵ෴õӡ
ʵ֮۵۽Щ֮Ҳڲͬ
ǣô쳣ˣȻʵŵģ֮ܱʵ֮
ƬӰĵȼߣԷȻ֮ܿߣȴʮֵģ
ЩӰӰ֮УǷҲҲ
Ͼֻǿ󣬷ȴԶδңԽ֮ƣҲҲ޹ؽҪӰӰȷʵҲ
һ֣ͻ״̬ʵ緢֮߾زס
һ̣ǾѾ¶
ҪǣҲҪȵǳ֣Ӱȴһ
ЩӰҪ͵Ϯǲܵġ
ʧȥµһŲȱķ۳ڣڷǰʲôҲԷӡ
ߣˡ
ɫʮѿƺܿΧͶĿ⡣
һδαǰ˸һıҲĪ˵ȥֻܹԹԱ졣
ǰûһӰ֣ͨ裬Ӱ֮Уûãһ޴ĺɫͨڷǰʹӰ֮Уɫͨޱȣ֮ͬޣ̲סļ²
£ƽƽ棬ļ²ĸоһΣɱģȻͬ
ͨӰɽţȡԴ˵һǣγɵͨĿ΢
ͨͨʽĽӰˡ
ӰôóĬȥˣսˣҲв¶ɫǰĹȻǿͬ籩һ㣬ȴɻˣһƮƮĸо
ѵ˵Ӱ첻ǿǷ̫𣿡˿Ц
ͬʱޱ޼ʵӰ֮УһӴǳΧӰŤ񱩣ˣӴǳΡȻǳųĹâǧӿӰ˾ѹ
Ӵǳϣһλ鲻
ǵۣ㶨ҪˣӰ糱ԶɽŴǿ֪ٱ洫һŭ֮Ӱ죬ǳ޶Թα̫
ҲûˣϷֻӰͣһͺɱӰĴ֮ߵ
Ӱеһ͡
ʵҲˣӰ󣬾ûֹλµĴڣǴӰ
ңԷ̫ˣӰڲûѹģδԸ֣ҪǴˣǽ̬һˣܳܵġ
~
һŭߣΧӰƽţһ޴ĺɫֳӴǳңңԣںɫ£һֻ簵ӰżɨӴǳĻߡ
ɫϣһ߹ĿĮŭŻߡ
ˣСһͨ׼𣿡΢΢һЦ
һ֪ߵغСҳݣӰɲǺôġ߹ǣ׼Сˣ
г֮ˡߵ
߹ߵͫ͵һ֮ˣĸ˵һУνĳ֮ˣָľǳΪʥļҪ˴Ķ࣬ϣд۵ģҲˣᣬҲһ
ʵϣ߲ǳ˵صУʵǿλҲߵˡ
սУǿڶ࣬ۺҲڣɳģҲݺɹϵģ뷽ԨԴĳ죬Ϊ׵ȴֻһ۳ڵӣȻ˵ȥ
ˣǽӰԷֹӰ칷ǽȴ֪
Ҳ֪Բԡа̾
ǽԷʲô̬ȣǲö֪ʥ߸ϣ˵ǽ֮ˣܴģǽ˵ĻҲû˸ȥʡ
εжҲǳвȡģûгǽڡ
ԭճ뷨ȵһȣϾûκϵ뷨һֱ߸ϣΪִţĳ첻
ǣٽһΣǽ׷˫ۣȴóΪ𶯡
סˣҲٶ˼ӣǰΪ칫ƽĻ
ϣȷġ
ⷬ˼ȴûа¶⡣
̸䣬ȴѾߵͨ棬ۿžҪ룬Ӱ졣
ǿõλҪȻɣһԶɲʥġ߹ͻȻЦ
ţ
ɫ΢ţȻ䡣
ֻߵͨķһֻѾ̧𣬾ʱȻ䣬ΧӰŤһ̣籩Ľ˵۽硣



1657 һ
~
棬һƬ¶ǿҵľɫ
˭Ҳû뵽Ӱѡʱ֡
ͨԷʵһѹãȻһɽſͨҲһݵӦڣʱʾǹõʱ
û뵽ӰᷴС
ǰ˭ܲµõʱĬҲ֪ˣ̤ͨһ̣ҲʱӰҪ͵ϮЧﵽѣõʱҲͲʱˣڣϣȴյЧսУ̲ס̾
ӰһУίʵǳ˵Ԥϣ˭¶û뵽ҲյõЧ
˵Ŀ⣬ĶŷӦԡ
ͻȻֵĿ籩Ľ⣬ӰĵĲҲǿһҪ÷ء
ǰÿֱĵ⣬ƶʮĵǿޱȣͬ꣬˵۽磬ɫ䡣
⻹ֹ
ʮĵ֮󣬻ХȻĽӵǿƺȻǰĶʮĵ֮ϣȻǳԸǿ֮֡
ӰһĻʱɫ䡣
ˣȻӰеľʵҪһӰ֮ϡ
ɽȻӰ˴󾪣󲻵ģϾǰУһӰûг֣һֻͨӰĸо
ԭΪӰɽߣʮˣ֪֪˵鼤˵һȴҲ˵ȥ
ʮλͨӰλӰ
籩Ĺ˿ֲĹƣܵôܵ
Ĭ˶Ϊ˰Ѻüͷ
ͬʱӰĹƵǰҲ˷Ӧһ֣Ͳˡ
֮
ģǣ仯һ֮˺⣬˵ЩӰ
ǼĶʮλͨӰȫͣ
һ֮ڴˡ
ҲҿǲʮطۣһʵӰ쵽ʮ֮ࡣ
ȻʮλͨӰĹͣӰȴ΢΢ٻȴ˳ŷ
֮һ֮вӰ쵽ʮˣҾӰʵǿ̾˿
䣬Ѳ÷ڶη֮
ǣӰĹԻ½һ˲䣬Ҳ˷Ϣ֮
ǿҵĹԣӽڽɢâ֮޼᲻ݡ
ӰĹµĹ£ʱѸ߽⣬ǶʮλͨӰҲһ޼᲻ݵĹâУֱӷٳ˷ɻҡ
ʮ֮࣬ȴҲ޼¡
ʮλʮطۣǷ޷УҪݱ棬Ӱʮطۣڱ֮Ӱ£ľ𵴣һʵӲֱӱԭΣԲŻᱻ׻ɱ
û뵽ҲκβóĬ
ӰȱȷʵСһ˸޷ЩȱݣҲֻгĬ֮Ƚһǵȱ޵ķŴʹӰȥƺһ˿Ĳ̾
Ǳˣʹʵͷ޼Ӱֹ£Ҳȴһ
һΣȻκβá
û˵꣬ͻ
ͨԣӰȻҷӿһ̣һǿޱȵĽ͵ش̳һˣȴѹһߵλӰޱȵն˷
Ӱͳ졣
һλɫ䡣
û뵽ɽŵģ⼸ʮλӰλӰһλӰͳ졣
ӰĹ֣˭ΪһιֹڴʱڷȫӦʮλӰĹʱһֱŵӰͳȻɱڵǿʵȫ֡
ӰɱﵣǱɱһ
£λ⡣
ţ͵ǰһҪԮȴ̫Զ޳Ī
Ȼ˶Ϊ֮ʱǿǰδеǿҹâȻӽڽɲǼ䣬ҫ۵ĹԳ˵۽磬ǿƥܵӰͬǷһ㡣
˵ҰִָŽڽƽվ
ΧʮһλӰλӰͳ죬ȫʧˣǰľɱδֹֻһΡ
ʮ켶
˹ǿ󡭡
۾ֱһ̷ʵסˡ
һûˡ˵
˺Ȼʱŷ֣վͨǰӰ˹ƣȴһû˱ܡ
ٷ˫޶ԡ
ţǽԷۣʱķˣһЩ޵Сɨķɡ
սˣӰ죬ƺ𺳵ˡ
һ̤ͨϣֱ̤߳ͨӰ죬ûµĹ֡


1658 ת
ӷ̤ͨʼһ˾ͿˣȵӰ죬﷽ʧˡ
ӰһһʤΣ޴ӵ֪
ҲӰλڼ߲Ǿǿߺ޷ĵط
ʱҲֻڳܸʩֶΣյӰڵ
Һϵˣܻ֣˵Ҳּ򣬳ȻǿҲֻһ۳ڣǻڣȴǶۻ𣬿
Ŀ⻷ӣûǿһֱԵŮӣ̣ˡ
ŮӿȥƺǰŮһֱûָʹԷǰ߸һֱ˭Ƶġ
ڣĻŮӱȴ¶һ˿ЦݣɲǼ䣬شҲǷ˾˵ı仯һȻַʶȻɣתۼ䣬һλŮһɲǿߡ
죬ֻ˰ŮˣҪݻ⿿һˣȻԶԶģϾȫˣĺǲɽˮŮӣֻһ·϶ûгֵĻˡ
СһǸ⡣ŮЦָᵯһâָ⸡𣬻ľ棬浹ӳӰڣӰ

ޱ޼ʵӰУһӴǳѹסΧӰʱĻͻȻЦ
ҪȻпܳɾʥ
ҿĬϵļͦ
бԶɫϵĸ߹ߣЩ
˵򶨣֪Ӱɱﵳֵһ̣һ亹
ӰӰ֮Уڶ֮ǰʹǿˣҲֲˣȻʵҲ㣬ֻȴҲ벻Ӱ컹˲á
һ̣ҲΪˡ
û뵽ȻǴ˹͵ϮӰȫһɱ
ʵ𺳲ѡ
Ӱȱݣɷ˱֣ʵ֮ǿҲӹɵġ
Ҳǲòϣƥ˫֮⣬ίʵʵ
~
߹ŭߣɫѿ֮
ŭǺȻ
ڱصõһûκη
Ӱ컹Ӱ綼ɳԸĬΣЦ
ƾ߹ŭ
ɽǱߵӰȻһС֣Ǹ߹ҲӰľ
Ӱ˾ְŸԵʹ縺֮׶õġ
ϾӰܲڱɱҲܳڣʧȥЩӰӰ֣ȻҲҪķա
Ӱ죬ҲǸ߹ģٳɽǱߣΪǿ֡
ʮطۣͬǰʵ֣ʲôҪ֮ޣ磬̤֮һΣԳƵ;ͬ飬ǰʵУϵͬԵľͬ޴ȽϣûԽһ˵ʲôʵʲô𣬵ǵʮطۺһ̵ͬĴڣ֮ʮطۼʵֵ֣ͬھ磬Խ׵˵гĬ㣬Ƿ۳ڣȴԽսʤڵ֡
ȻտʼȽ⣬˵˵ţԼضУ٣һԽ֮콾˽ܣǣԽ׵Ĭ˳̶ȵģƽҲǽ
ǣ˫֮š̾
߹ߵɫˮԽ߿޷ԽŭͲˬƫƫַã˱֮

ǣӰ죿
վͨĳڣżִ㵡
ǽļ£˵ģ̤Ӱĵϣȴۡ
ֻǣǰӰ죬ȴǰӰīֲָǡǡ෴â죬Źûһ˿һӰ
ǣûܿԽ磬ҵҪɣǲԪĹ졣
û˻Ӧ
ȥ˹֮⣬ٿģûнҲûһˡ
ӰֻһϵӰ
ɷΪ棬Ӱһ棬ı֣ҲӰӶ࣬ɽ֮ӰڣףתȴΪһ档
ܸоԼһƬĸ롣
һӰĻҪôӰȣֻרͬһҰȻĴҲѲ



1659 ּ
ʵ֮ۡ
ڰ׽֯Ĺâתţǰ磬ʹ쳣ˣȻ޷Ӱ죬ȴųˣ޾Ӱ졣
ĿɨΧܼ֮ĵطʱԾ۽硣
ӰһӰ֮еģֲˣһЩҪ󷨣Ҳ֮ͬҲһԲǣˣнﶼ˵ġ
~
ɫϣ߹߶ȻŭһӰһֱȥģǲĴڡ
ȻܲһЩ˿߹ɫѿ
ӰϮδ˷ʵǿ⣬ԭǷܼʱķǣʱ߹оͻɣа취ܷһЩߣɸ֤һ²⡣
Ӱ첻Ǻôġ
һ˾㴳Ӱ죬Ҳ޾˫λƽеĲϣôӰ첻˴ˣηαӰ첻һ˿һƻԭ߹ϣˣ÷֪Ѷˡ
ڣȻܷ֣ѱҲа취˺ǡ
Ӱ죬ǵϳҪ÷ƻ½һЩҪĽһһľӰҲʧ档
Ӱҡ߹ߴŭ
ţ
ͻȻɫ΢һͬʱһҫ֮Ľԭλϴ
Ӱ죬תԷʽȻǹޱȡ
Ƿڽն䣬Ӱ糱ˮ㱩ǣ͵Ϯ˾˽ȥ˲仯˷ɻңȻ෴
Ӱʮطۡɨһۣžûзϡ
ֵģЩӰʮطۣԷڹеȴȲӰ˷˷Ӧ
һ֮˵Ƿ۳ˣڶѵ
ڽڽʮ켶󣬷ʵȻǰδеǿ
~
ӰתƬؼžţϮĹϮ˶˽ȥ֮һܴ档
Щ͵ϮˣһʮطۣҲмӰ˭û
ûһˣĽŲ
㵱ʲôطŭУһӰǰĹâд󲽶ŭĿԲǿ׵
Ȼ
ڽնӰϯ˺𵱳
ƽ΢һ㣬ǰ
˻~
ΧڹâеˣԼ۶һսȴ޷ƽǸʵǿӰķ۳Žǰ壬ʹڽ綼պգû뵽ڷǰȴһ漴̱ɱ
ǺεȲ࣬Ǻεȵǿ
ڽʧ
ƺҲûܹסˣʹӰ죬֮
߹ߺ޵ֻѪ˫Ŀǳǽگһ۳ڣӰ쵷ң٣ȴǱ
ָоίʵǱ֮
ڿţĶ
Ӱ죬ⲻĿģӰ죬ܵ޴ƣڷʹǴˣҲûʲô˲ġ
õ֮㣬ǷĿꡣ
ǰӰ첻Ը̸ĴڣǷǺúüʶԼķ̸⡣
ΰշִ磬ҲҪҪӰʹȴҲǷ񵽲һС
ΪֹӰ컹ûĲʹʧ
ɱ֮ˣᱣģӰڡ
ʲô£ȫóɣĳһšܸͣоΧĹЩ춯
Աܿǣûô
ڰٽʱ붡ԽǴһҪöԷӭв⡣
ãĬһҲƣķڷâУһӴ˳Ͼս⡣
Ӱǿķ۳ڣۡ
棬սɫ΢Ҫڶ֮ϵǿߣӰǿķ۳ڡ
ˣɼӰóģȻǿĴС
۽Ǹʼ󣬴ӱķ򣬷׷߳һЩˣ޲ʮطۣз۳ڣҲзڣˣΧס
ˣȫǺպʮطۣǸ֮ǰһɱ⣬ǰķ۳ڶˣѾȬĶԣλڣȻǿ֮ˣȴҲȥ
Ĭٽս֮ҽձرԿŷ
ҵš
ʼɣÿ˾õˡΪ׵۵£Ȼһҫ۵Ĺֱ
˲Ⱥȫһ
ߵ޴Ĺ˲佻֯һƬתۼ췭ظǬãΧȻǱһģ
Ӱʧˣ޾ĹâҲʧˡ
ֻһƬج磬֪ңںδ
󡣡
վڻ֮Уüͷ΢



1660 罣
Ӱ׼õĴУȻǽ
۵˵ĻʹǿҲ塣
ԵʵͲڽڽʮ֮󣬾͸Զв۵ڶ֮ϣݷ֪˵ʵȴûԶλ۳ڸ˵ˡ
֮ǰǸӰǰķ۳ڣҲǱһɱˡ
ˣܺõȥ
λڣҲûʲôǵģʵ»ۺͶԡ
Ӱķ棬ǿЩǳϣֻܸɿţ޷֣ܹս֮ˣۡ㣬ȡ
Ϊ׵ģҲۡ
˵ǵһӵϣǲ塣
ʵκһˣӣȻԽ˷֤ˣȺսҲֲ˺ãץסĻӰ³
ȴһ
ңɵĽⲻǼ򵥵ӣȵġ
üͷ

󡣡
Ӱ쾹óѵǲ֪ٽ˵ĴնڳĬǰһ𣿡
Уӳĳɴ󲻽⡣
ٽ˵Ĵնλ۳ɣնڣڷǰȴơ
Ӱƾʲô϶ǵ׽󣬾κε˷
ʱǶҲڳĿã֪Ĭ֮ܣֻҪǰγڣԳĬ¶ûжвҡҡͷ۵ɵĽ󣬶вۺڣǣӲʵĻʲô;
벻ͨ
ȻӰ֣óĴУܺãΪǻ顣
ǰŵ޲ɻ󣬰ٽһսûеҲǸʩֶΣԶչºԷ˽࣬һ㣬Ӱ첻֪ܲ
СҪĸ߹˳ĬһԵŮӵڣıôޣ𾪣ҲҪˣһ۳ڣԵģһǿĽ󡣡
Сģһ֮
Ĭ֮ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳɿһֽ߾֮Ľһ˥Ǻεȿµĳ޷Զһ淨淨̫̣أ㣬ʽľ档
֮ǿɴ˿ɼһߣʤǿǳе£ΪĬȥͿ˽
Ů֣ص
˵ǡ΢࣬һ˵ǣҲǳ
˵һĽ֣һֶʹߵߣҪ֮ˣɽȱһɣһ˳⣬ǽ󲻹ƣ޷Ľٽ˵Ĵն󣬾һࡣŮӻ˵
Ľ󣬴󲿷ֶ֡
һ֣ɽĹؼϣЩʹֻҪʹЩＴɣʹ߱Ҫ󲢲ߣ֮Ӧһ֡
ԣ˵ͷֽȻһ˲һﲼ
ְ취ӡ
ӰɳЩˣĹͬǴ죬ǵһֽӦﲼ󡣡
Ůף鲻ɵҲЩأû´ĻǲõģӦӰѹһɵ罣󡣡
һ¶Ȼ֮ɫȻû˵Ž󣬿һ֣㹻ˡ
Ӱµ͵ڽչ¶âӦλйأСٺӰѹһɵ罣󣬾͸δˡŮӵЦѹһɵģȻǵһֽΪ˥ȴ᳤档
У翪٣˵У罣ת۷֮ʱֿµĳ̲ɱݻٴ綼׾١
Ȼʮطпֵܳĳ罣תһ
߸СһͲ̫Զˣֻ࣬һʮ֮һܰɡ
ŮЦӰ⽣˵ˣʵصϣ֮Լ˻ֻ֣ΪǵڣλǵڻĴ˵ˣЩλڵ壬Ȼ˻
˵صĳľ黯ĵطҲвͬ͵ؾ֮Уڣǵڻ֮У߲Ĵ˵ǵڸ߲硣
Ӱͽһǵڻ硣



1661 
ʲôһ磿
ʧɫ
ȻŮ˵ģǿһܵʮ֮һ־磬ۺڶ½ʣʮ֮һܣҲԶԶ˷۳ڡ
ۺڣ¶סɡ
ûĬСһǵסˡŮӳһзͬСɣۺڶѵ˵
ǳĬǰѽȲġ
ǰγ˶ɵĽȷʵƻ޴󣬵ǶɵĽЧûôˣ˵Ӱѹ׵罣󣬲֮Դ˵ǰγ𵽵΢Ϊ˶ԸĬӰҲǻȥˡŮ̾ҲõģĬȻذɣȴ֮ǡ
һܣԳĬ˵δһ£չۣݹ۳Ĭ£;η壬кҲллأһζĸͣҰܸҲ㲻ʲô¡
Ůӿο˼䡣
һսӰӦʶĬǿӮӣԺҪŪ֮㣬Ҳû̸Ҳ޹ش֡
һ˵ĬĬͷҲֻͬ˵
ֻǡ
뽣֮УֻϡģӰķȴţĽǷܽܡ
ദʱ䲻ɰϣѾ˽ⷽ
һΪֻֽû¶⡣
ԲʧܵģڱⳡʧӦֵûЭ֡
Ļᣬ޻ذɡ
뵽͵һƽ

Ӱ졣
Ů˵䣬罣ȻתԿ۵˶תһļɬѣˣȻڲתţûв
ǣȴľ
ȻڷУնĸоȴնһ޴ޱȵʯĥϣնĻ䣬Ҳ˵ѿڣǣѿһ㶼תʯĥǴ޿ɵֵտʼʱ΢ʩӰ죬ûǽģȴͬ۵ҲӰ첻ֺ
˵ǿѾԶΧ
ɵĽ󣿶ңһĿ΢
۵˶ɣͱˣֻǿԶڷ֮ϣŻ޷ƻ޷ͣ͵Ľ
ģΧĻ翪ʼ˱仯
һ֮֡֡֡ǿ˼ӻзֻĴֱײƻһС
УȻҲ޷⡣
ÿһҿ񱩵ڷ۳ڵȫһһһķ۳ڣǿ緽ҲӦļΪ
ܹǣǺûȫŷЩȫڷϣͽɱˡ
Ȼûкת
仯ţֻҲɻƵںϣȥߴݼ淢ǿЩɻ˿һڡ
һĸо
һֻе仯ɻ򣬷ڻ֮УɱĻᱻϯ
ûԷԹԵű仯ȴܶԷɻԵĴ
򻯵ںţ٣ȴΪǿ
ʱеĽڽòȫ֣֮е˥֮⽣Ϯ
ûã֣ܱ֮
Ѿൽ˼£ǣ罣ı仯ȴԶûеͷ
ΧĻ磬Ѿ׷ֻʮ˵ϣ˵¡

תһѩ
ȻЩֻǳֻȥģת棬е
ֻǣܳŵһ̡
ʮʼ˽һںϣգֻ°˵ڣǿޱȵķâ˵ϴռ䡣
ǰûеģǽת˿̣ܿʼ֡
~
ȻϷһ䣬ɲǼɨȫҲڡ
һ֮â֮ʢȻѾ˷ܳܵļޡ
СˡźȻûܴĿģǣҲʱ뿪ˣὫԼڱϡ
ؽģһ߶Եֵһסֻܻһʱ
~
Ȼײһȴײһɲǣһǿ͵͸룬˷ؿڡ
ô£һæ鿴ȴûκҲûʲôס
ţ¶֮ɫȻڳŵĻˡ


1662 ɳ֮
ˣ
սˣ޷͸ӰֻϡӰ
ڷһĹûʲô뷨ǣת۵ˣȴǺڵģ϶ʱ¶֮ɫ
罣Ŀ£һı仯ǰԭ֧ŲסķٵֵֵĹҲû֮ǰǿ٣ȴƫƫˣǰǿİ˵֮һô벻ͨ
ɻ󣬵ǣ۵Ҳûǹȥϸ룬ת罣󣬶˵ʵ̫ѣҲ̫ˡ
ʱתԽԽ࣬Ҳ޷ġ
۵⣬һܿ罣ģ볿Ļ߶ŵĸ߹ˡ
罣˳ɣ룬߹߾ƽ
Ѷ
۵˵Ҫת罣ףֵ磬пܼʱѣû뵽ȻûжܣҪӰɽӲӲȴѰ·ˡ
ֻ˵֡
תһʱ϶ʤѷ֣ȻȴԤϡ
Ĭô£ҲûʲôĹǿӦǡ
еûϡ棬Ӵǳϣ΢Ц
ȻҲ壬ڵǸ߹ߵ仯ȴǾ۵׵ģȻ³µı仯
ǿ֧Űˣһı仯ֻĵǷۺڣ򣬾Ե߹
ֻɰ˵ѾǷڵļˣһֻΪĵǷۺڵ
ǿۺڻԶĺܡ
ԣɫһӸ߹ߵĻƺǷۺµĹв
Ǻǣκƽ̣αذ̫ģþհɡͻȻɫ
ţ
߹΢䡣
ĬӣⷬҲˣ䣬˫ĳͻ˵ˣҲһˣҲͲ࣬ѵҪƴһߵ
һ۳ڣҲӰƴһ߹ŭɫ
˵ݣȴЩ
ʵϣ˵ģҲͷ۵顣
ν¡
ڸ߹߿վųǽڳҲǰټһֱΪݻ졣
һ׵ġ
˵ǰãõʥ֮Ͽɣλϵʥ׿ڳޣҲԡ
ˣĿǰΪֹȻȻһˣûмκһ
ǣȴܽ򵥵ĿɣǺ޿ɽͨ۳ڡ
һֵɽ
ҪӰ죬ϡ
֪ˣͲʲô̬ˣ߹Щ⣬ȴ̫ˡ
ǳԸΪǿìܣΣʱ˵
ŶǳĬͬͽ⣿ҿӣɲ׽ܡ߹Щ⶯Ҳͣˡ
罣֮УѲ⣬ⳡ棬չӰʤһ
ʱѡͽҲӵܱȴģҪõĶࡣ
ȻδĬ棬֮󣬻ܲ³һġ΢ЦֻҪӰԸó֮㣬ţĬ᲻ϧһ
˵ţЦ
κƽ̲ᵽڻûĬʹõģ֮ɡ
֮
߹ͷ͵һ
ȷʵûϳ
Ӱµ͵֮ˣʵ̫ˣز˥仯ģǷëǣ߹ҲǴδһʱûн淨֮ϵ
֮֮߹ߵ۾͵
֪Ӱڣ֮ĵ㣬һǽ顣
֮֮ģΨҡ
ԺгļԾ߹һתͷ
淨Ҳ
֮ĵ㣬ֻӰ޺Уǰ㣬ȴȽ׵õӰڣǰĹȫǽ顣
淨ȻǷǳˣڻСʱ򣬸߹ѡʱҲԹ
ǣ̫֮ѣϱĹ٣ͷˡ
Ӱô꣬Ҳû֮ˣһλǰ֮ǿѡ淨
Ȼȴ⡣
֮żѣλǰʵܿͱͬһԶԶһһҲ˦
λǰԸ㣬Ըת֮
ǣûȵ֮ʱһʱڸ߲硣
˵ľǱӰΪĵͣûѡ֮淨żгţȴҲܿһ淨ô֮߸ɳ
գȴɱӰĵϣų˾˫ľ⻪



1663 
ȥ߹˵ζģǺڡ
˼ǻ
û֮㣬Ҳ˵Ľͣڵڶĳ̶ȣڶ㣬ǿֵز
֮ĵ㣬Ǻεȵǿ
Ӱ֮ΪзڣѲûѡ񣬵ڣۼʶˣ֮׶Σжǿﻹԭǰģ
ѣʱվʲôֻҪȥصƿһ졣
ң
ڲż꣬ͽ֮һ˵Ҫ֮ȫǰѡ
λǰԼ֮ǰ֮ˣôʺˡ
ʺ֮ˣҲ緽㣬;
Ӱĵ̣Ҫҵʺ˲ѣѡ˲żɣǰǸûⷽ롣
Ҳûܾܾ롣
֮Ծõȥһ죬ֲܳȷˣȷҪɫҲδ֪
һ½֮ˣҲһĻӰôܲС
߹Ѱ˼
κƽ̣Σ߿߹߲һ䡣
˼֮Ӱ֮³Ĭûʸȡ߹ͻȻЦ
ʶ֮̾ʹ⣬Σỻ淨ˡ
޼۹屦Ƶ֮
淨ĵһ㣬ںܶﶼҵǴӵ㿪ʼ޲޼֮ӰȻӵеĲ淨ҲǼΪϡ١
Ǳ淨Ҳˣ֮ݸ߹߲ġ
ˣ֮㣬Ӱ⣬޺УĬȻҪȥ޺죬޺ԩ޳Ҳʲô¡߹ƤЦⲻЦ˵
ͻȻ
΢һһŭڡ
޺죬޺죬˵ôĬ֮֮ǰûһϢҶ߹͵طӦ
ǿʲôȴһ
յ˵Ӱٻյһڻߵ֮ǰ߹ȴãȻ֪
ȴ׹޺ڱ󵷹
ϾӰӰ죬ͬΪʥ޺죬Ե
𣬶Դ˴ģȻӰ޺ңڴ֮Ĳʥ죬ȱٹؼĵ㣬ж󶯾
ʣ޺ڲ֪УȻǰ棬׹ĸ߹߰޲ѡ
˵ĬӰ죬Ʋ֮˵Ҳᡣ߻˵߹ϣն

̸䡣
ڣһ䣬Ա
ÿһ£ռ䣬޴ɶ㣬ңЩǽ洹䣬˷Ϣ֮
һı仯С
˵ںϣֻĵ¸
ֲѹ޾âĵɢռ䡣
ȴûȥ˼Щ
Ǳˡʱǰ˵ײ棬ȷǰ˵棬һڵĻˣʹܳܵķΧ
ôᣬ棬Ȼле
Щ졣
ûգǱЩ
ȻЩ⣬һ¡
֪Լħˣɲȥ磬ڣȴƺҵˣյ;
~
ûʱ䣬ںϺĵһȻ䣬ɲǼ䣬·綼Ⱥ׹䣬ֲ˼㡣
ȫ֣ӭһ
˶ȻȻǵ˿ֲһУȻֻоһԶ֮ǰǿ͵سڣա
ôܡ
߹͵شӺɫվš
ֻĵۺڲܵôܣ
ţ¶ɫ
֣ۺڣҾͲţı仯Ҳܵ
⣬Ѿǽӽ罣ļˣ۵˵ܷӳģҲֻдˡ
~
ĵϵĴ䣬һˣϢֹռһ㡣
࣬תŽ۵ˣӵĲ
ǻ鴤ҲţתһĻѾƽǵļޣǣʱ罣Ҳתľ޴ʯĥɱڵĵˣͣҲֻͣ㾡ȫӦ
ڣֻؼֻبء
ÿһǿֲ˼㣬ǿţľĿ־塣
ء
һû֮ǰǰâ¶ǷĺëȴоǰδеΣ
~
֣֮ӭһײһ˲ɣ׷ɳȥѪ
ͬʱһǿ׵Ҳǳ˷ڣա
ܵһ̼͵һȻ˹
𵴲ֹҡҡ׹ȴ֮ѹ
ռڣһ׼¡
Ž۵ˣȴͻȻҽһ屬鿪ǵʱɢ罣ȥ
۵ڣߵҫޱȵĹţͬպգܵĪ㣬һ֣ͳŷ



1664 ʥս
ǣ
ͷĿߵţ䵽ǰһܶ
ߵţͬǺبյҫ۽ֲ˼㣬йԶԶˣ֮ǰ֮еֻ
ɣɱԼ
۵˸ӲʱڻѵĻ£ȴǱ˳
׷ʲôҲϸ˼ܸоڵĻȴ̼£ڼӿѣһھ֮ϵѹҲ𽥽٣ߵš
ڵʵԶԼԦǻǸڣߵŻ໥ţȴǷȥ˾ѹ÷ȥ֮Ҵ
ƽǴģ𽥸յĻǿ޷󣬶ߵ˲ݣ˫ܿͳֳһߵ̬ƣߵϱĹâҲԽԽ΢
һߵűѹԷ״̬ѹȻ³
ͷȴ淢ѣ飬ͬʱҲʱ׼ֻ̨ӡǣбҪĻ⣬ٻֻ̨١

䣬˭Ҳûϵתۡ
ˣ
ŵսҲӰڴ
罣ƣ۵ҲӰ죬˵һС
ǣĽȴ˶󲻵
ôܣǿӰɽԶԶ˳ĬĳܼޡŮӿĿɿڴ֮ǰԷӱذˣ˫Ĳȷʵ̫ԡ
ǳĬ漣֮ˣԶᴴ漣ܲѡ
ȻҲףôƵ罣ģˣǴ¡
𾪵ģǸ߹ߡ
ܿڵı仯ģϵľ䣬ҲԤϲҲͰˣߵŴ۵ڳʱ߹ߵ۾ˡ
ǣӰɽ
󵨡
߹߱ŭ۵ﻹ˵͵شӺɫվ͵̽ŷңңץȥһʱ䣬ƺձ޾âȻƿһӣˮİӰӵһֻ޴ƣһġ
һ£˵һˣʮҲǱɡ
߼æֹȴһڵı仯ӦǱȸ߹
ǡ
~
һߣ˵ĶɲǼ䣬ɱ֮أ˭ǰͬǿ籩еС壬ʱ㸲߹ưһƣֱɢ˸ܵĸ󡣬ɫɷס
Ǹߺ
ȴǵĽ֮ǽˡ
߹ߵľ磬ԶΥ˳ǽگ
ʥʹƽ̣֮Уʲôֿأ˶Ϊ߹߻Ჽϰٽλ۷ĺ󳾣ɱʱ
ǽһСºαش󶯸ɸꡣЦ
ѹͷ˶Ҳ֮˲١
ʥʥˣͷʥģȻֻʥһ
δǽƢԽԽˣɱɱô硣һ
һλʥ
ǺǣĽ֮Ȼ󼰵ġŮ䣬ûаЦڡ
ȴǲôһֺ롣
ߡһŭߣǵˡ
ĳ֣Ǳصɱ֮Ҳ֮ɢ˴롣
ʥȻʥϳǽˡ
ѵ˵Ҫʥս𣿡
𺳵˵˭Ҳû뵽ᷢչһȻҪݱʥսˣ
ſڽ࣬ԤδŻֵʥ֮Īǻǰݡ
û˸˵Ψʥע⣬⡣
~
Ȼһ𶯾ӰӰϯطӰɲǼֲָ˵Զ߹ߵĳ֣Ӱ֮УһӴζţɱ֮
ǽһӰ죬ȫ
Լˣǽٴû˿飬Ҳϲŭ
~
ضһζƺҪǿҵĹںڰ˺ڰǽһ̤Ӱ죬볡
ûܿ壬ҫޱȵĹУǽݡ
ղһҲ֪Ľ˭ǽĻػζĩա
Ҳ뿴Ľ֮Ǻε
һ
ǽٹȥѾʱˡ
ؾһζһһɢǿҹԵӰӰ죬ϯӰӰʱȴǽѹȵ˼¡
ʥսһ



1665 ȥ
ǲҲúýѵһͨӰǰĵط֣еĻɡ
ǽ·Ӱһۣû̳֣
˵꣬Ҳ˵ķӦһ̤뿪Ӱ죬ǿֲ޷ѹҲ֮ʧ
λʥȻ塣
ĻᣬǸǲŹȺ뿪Ӱ졣
ʥսѡսȴӰ졣
û˻ɣһ￪սʹӰҲλʥĴսб٣ǽľȴӰӹһ١
ʱȴûȥӰˡ
ʥսһ⣬˿ܵ˼㡣
˭Ӯǽλʥ
ǽǵĽִ֮޵УûһĶ֣λʥ֮⣬֡
۷׷ס
̣㿴أһԵŮӡ
˵֮ڽ磬޵еĴʣʹλʥ֣ҲάֲܣûеԵģǣڵĳǽ۷ʱˣλʥҲִƹԳǽ״̬ʮ˽⣬Ȼս˵һİաŮӳ
ǳǽͬҲӦ㣬ȻѡӭսҲʤ㡣
ҡҡͷŮһ׶ûС
Ͽƺλʥʤ󣬵ʥһΣԶǵû˸Ҷԣ˭ʤ˭ܣһսֲҲδ֪
Ӱһλûвʤºˡ
ŮҡͷӰλڣû֮ǰֵģǴ˵ػӰ죬һչûô򵥵ģΪʥߴ˵뿪ϱĲһֻǲ֪λأǸͲӰ졣
⣬ŮȻд𰸡
û뵽ʥ֮ô֣ԭΪںܾԺȴû뵽ΪĬǰˡ̾
µʥûеǽٹȥʹý罫ʱһЩʥ׼볿ǽһĻȨ
ܶ˶֪ȴû뵽ô졣
ˣĬأ
ͻȻɫ䡣
ʱʥ뿪ӰҲ֮ȥӰҲǻָǰǰ㣬ֲָ
Ϊⳡʥսķȴʧˡ
ѵ˵һֲԤС
ʱ˻عζҲһ⣬ˡ
λʥ棬Ͱֹ
ȻԿʥݣǶڳ˵ҪϳǼλʥǲѵġ
ǰҵĳ£ʥµͬϣɱĻʵ
ͷĶԹ֪øԴСͷ˳ֽȥˡ
ʹʥ֣Ӱǿ߳ҹҲ
£ǽǹ˲ϷˣϾǳˣ볿ǽûжԨԴܱ̫ࡣ
˿Ĭˣûᣬ˾ˡ
û뵽պյ˫ۣʷʮطۣȴ
˵飬ϧģϲģҲ޶Եġ
Ӱĸ߹ŭƺʧʲôҪĶǾͲö֪ˣҲûǸ¡
~
߲ϣֻоͬʥսʼˡ

ҵʱ뿪Ӱġ
󣬽ǵȴˣʥ֮ĳ֣Ҳ÷ޱȣʱ˼ѹϣƺǲʥвѹߵâѵٶԷŻ
ӰϯӰ֮ʱ
ǰУϢĳһֻƣһģڵĻʱߵâҲǹ⻪ʧڷǰ
ʦ𡣡оϤϢϲĪ
ǰգȻѿһͨ͸˲ͬڽϢ
ʱ򣬸뿪𡣡ɫ΢
ϸĻԼĿģ϶ˣȥҲûʲôҪʥսδ֪˵ز˾
ֻǣȴûʱͰ˵ˡ
΢΢ҡͷ̤ͨ뿪Ӱ죬Ҳ뿪˽硣
ڽĿ⣬ⳡʥսϾ˼ֵʱãûĶ˳˳Ľˡ
ֻǣ߳ͨ󣬷ȴ֣Լûлصǣǳ̫ؾ֮С
վһֻ޴İɫ޾ľϡ
ǰ
󾪣æ
ֻɫ޾ϤǱŵǵĴ˵Ҳǵǵػû뵽ȴ
ʱȴûеǣ˷⣬



1666 ̫֮
ޱȡ
û뵽Ȼɫ޾
սǵʱʦ˪ܹ˺󣬷ڶԴ˵ȤҲ˽һ
ֻɫ޾ǳĹϣڵ޳ľԶ˭Ҳ֪˶ãǻûֵʱͰ֮䣬۱֣Զȵ˸ߡ
ȻǻŵĴ˵ǷǱˣûкӴΪһֱڳ˯ţûѣǵ֣֮Ͳ
ǰѵ˵ǣһҡҡͷ
֣֮ǾǾĴˣһû˵ոյϾ֣ˡ
öģڿңֻҵһͷҲ˵ҵһΣҵı壬˯ڵؽ硣
һԶ˷Ժ÷Źա
˯ţڳ˯ŵͬʱҲΣ棬κһ䣬֮С
ĪѾ֪ԵģһͷһξĻԼҲڰɫ޾棬ǣȴ㶼쳣Χһޱȵʵõξʵ棬ߵĽƺҲģˡ
ɫ޾ȫ˷󣬼ʹֻأóеֻ磬ҲǸⲻˡ
̫֮뵽˰ɫ޾壬ʹڴ˵棬Ψһģһһ塣
˵صĳǿޱȣ飬Ƚʥǻеħ񣬶Ǻɡ
ÿһֻ˵Ļٻֻȫһģһġ
Ŀǰ֪Ĵ˵ڡӰԼ̫֮޲ˡ
壬һ壬̫֮һһ壬ҲֻôһֻǶһ޶ġ
ǿĳһѹؽ綼ᱻϯ
뵽ˣԼֵλʥʵǺ̫֮ЩƣߵĸȴһĿȻģٷѵģУȴ˿ܵӰ졣
벻뿴ʥսɫ޾ϵڷԺ
ʥս۾һ
ۿּĴսȻ֮õģֻʥĴսһ㶼УԴɾ޴ƻһ㣬Υ
ǽˣսѡһĵطܽѡ
ѡ缫սʥӸʹ֮ʱȴı㣬ʮ΢ˣڴܹܵķΧ
ֻϧԷʵʹҪۿһսȴҲûս
ԶԶ˷ľ硣
Ȼɫ޾ڣһˡ
룬϶뿴ԥǰȥ
ҵĿġ
Уɫ޾ʼζŽļȥ
ڵλã̫ؾⳡʥսڽļУҪսûôףǰɫ޾ı٣̾ܵսʱֵģһͷȴûô򵥡
ֻǣлкá
״̬£һ㣬νι޺ۣ޷£뽣ļ߲棬ҲʥսನȻԵá
Űɫ޾ζΧĻʼ˱仯ģĲ԰ǼªĲֹһֲ԰ײҲʧΧһƬڰʲô
ףζţѾ˼ߵĲ棬ٲǷܴܸܵġ
ˣԷ˵һжǲ֪ģͬڰ
ָᵯһɳڷɳ󣬾ϢʧǴδֹƵģ޷쵽һ档
뵽սЩʱ䣬⣬Χʲôڵĺڰǽעߵϡ
һ£ѹ˻ҲȻʧɫ
ʱڷǰģ߿īǣµ·ƣɢĺâ
ǵı࣬Ӱʱת̫ȴȫ˹
૵
ýȻǽ߿齣ȻǳӰϵĹ
ҲЩ׹Ϊʲôǻû춯
ӰλǻеĴ˵Σ֮бȻŻʹ磬Ҳ⡣
۵ʵ㣬ǿת罣ȴҲƲסеĻɢ˳ա
硣
߿龲بĽԺУȴ̸ֳ硣



1667 նɽ
磬ڡ
߿齣ûʲô뷨Ǵڵʱ̫ˣ磬еȻܵѹƺôвдĻҲˡ
Ҫգ߿齣еĻǱˮн
罣ǿҲǺ޹ϵ˳⣬ǰ󱻷ȥǺܺõӡ
ǵĴڣȴ÷뵽Ľڡ
ͬǻеĴ˵磬ÿʱÿ̶һССͨϡ
Ȼ޷ȫʢʱȣɽڸ䲻ãûǧꡣ
Իĸգ»иã÷æڽ֮С
ȻɣҲǴ˵ԷڵʵҲǺѿ֮صģһе;
Ժǿˣȥһԡ
ڡ
΢΢һЦ
߿齣Ӱ첻ó֮
ν֮Ȿ쳣ļѣ淨ĵ㣬òõõ޼֮Ӱ׿϶Ըġ
ڣ߿齣Ͳһˡ
֮ٺãҲȲ罣ӰҪأǻһȷѡ
һ˴ν֮еĿģҲǻ϶ˡ
ˡ
ɫ޾ͻȻ
һæ߿齣ĿȴΧȻһƬڰʲô
Ȼ
~
µľͻȻһһζվ棬ҲǶᣬڰУƺſξˣԴԴϵĳʹǣҲ޷⡣
ս𺳣ξˣȻʥսನֻϧ
ٿɫ޾
£Ȼǰ緢췭ظı仯ʻ
ĿӨӨâʲôȴ޾Ĺ˳ڸһУʥನӼ߲泯ŵͲ治ɢš
ʵԽǿԽߵˣܸܵ淢ԡ
ǰȥ˼սеλʥ
ʱλʥò¶˳Ů٣˱Χĳǽ⣬˷ȴϲ
ڰɫ޾İ£ܿⳡʥսܿҲޣܶ޷ĶֱӾͱɫ޾ˣʹչڷǰȫ棬Ȼ޴ӷֱ档
ʥһսʾס۷ʡ
ʹԼܿļһ֣ǳвС
λǳǽΧ֮ˡ
ǽȥǳᣬֻжʮ꣬ȻϵķȴǾٽתս£תĸ콾
Ȥģе
ųɱһ
һۿȥ࣬ȴʧһѼΪƵĹžɳڽմȾŵѪ߲߰λøǶȥһأǱʲôӲ۶ˡ
ǽӶ䣬ޱɱҲǲòȫӦԡ
ûʧֻĵ𺳡
ȥ׾ʲôȻ˲ƣ˭˱£۶˽⡣
ն֮ϧɳ̫áɫ޾ͻȻ𣬴Щη͸п
նɣͷһ
ԣնɣֻ֪㲻ĴڣܱΪɡɫ޾Ȼ磬ûһܳƵɣʦ棬һĵ֮棬ͨԪ֮ʼʥ棬ɱĽͳͳɡ
ȴնΪɼ̶ȡ
ͷ
֮桢ʥ桢λֱǵؽ硢硢Ԫͽĳڣʥ֮ϵ
ʥ֮ǴǵжģһʥԳʥ档
ĳڣɡ
ȴնΪ
ǲǺ֣ʵϣ֪նɽģҲˡɫ޾̾Ϣѽһʥ֮һѾնɽһһɱ
նɽǺεȵպգ֪¾˶ٻеħɱûĵɥӲΪɱһδ
ֻʱ磬Ե֣Զġ
ڻ磬һ磬֪˶ٿ´죬ǻħ񡢴˵ɱỹ޾Ļ壬նɽɱ˫ȴҲһ³
ţ˵
ɫ޾˵ģʷȻһЩƬΣȴҲķѪڣĳȡ
ʱٿնɽһˡ
ǰ߲֪˶ټսմȾĵѪֲ֪жǻеħ
ȻɣȴҲɱһ



1668 ս
ɫ޾ûм˵ȥȻҲһʱижҲ⣬ʵˣԼ֪ģȻͻ֪֪̫࣬ûж洦Ѱա
ջе𺳺͸пעǰһʥսϡ
ʱλʥսҲǽһʼ໥̽ó汾¡
չڷģȫȴҲ㹻𺳡
~
һλʥȣããؼ䣬Ȼһ޴ɽ壬ϲ²ףͿͷ޷壬ֿء
޷֮ʱضڻζսǱӿԴԴϵ˹˳˷ŵͲɢš
ǽһСλʥŭȣֻ޷Ȼ仺ת
ÿһתؼ䶼಻ıƺǽﶼ֮ǣƫԭλãƺ޷תתתһжת
ָоµ˼㣬ǵ˴֮еϺʱᱻһ㡣
һ߻תţǣ޷һԲɵֵͷųǽײȥɣʹŴ絲·ϣᱻ޷御顣
ˡ
𺳣ǰʥս໥̽ˣܣԶԶ޷ʱȣʥ淨Ĳ㣬޷ġ
ʹǷܿһ֣ޱȡ
ɫ޾Ҳв󣬲ζһȫλùս
ʥ޷ѹĿֲǽŲæеնɽֳɲǼ䣬ɱ֮ÿһ䣬ͬ籩ɨȫǽһ£ƺˡ
޷ǰͷʱ裬Ӵɽ˲䲼ѺۣƱи
֮
ĵһ޷ȻǿֲĳˣĹǽûж໨ʲôǰ̬ȣûгȫ֮ǿɴ˿ɼһߡ
ִĳǽڽڣ޵еģĶ֡
ǽĶ֣ȴֹһˡ
ڵһλʥֵʱҲûţûȫ֡
~
һŮ˪Ȼһ޴ޱȵķ࣬ĿòһģһŰŮӵ̧𣬰·˳ǽ
ֵһ̣綼ͣתƺǿֱӵͣͣ޷ƶֺ
ڷְ£֮ʲôεĻε׷һʣ̬ʶһ˲䱻Ťı䡣
ڴı֣ڳ֮ʱͻᱻ׸ı䡣
ûȷعλʥˣȥһݵߣӣ֮ʱȴȻرɫ޹ǿŮһҲûʹκһ˫ݵȭͷһȣǰ͵ش
~
ձڿߵһ£һж촷ۡ
ǿޱȵҲΪһʮᡣ
ľƺԼҲڿߵһ˷ĩȻɫ䡣
ţλʥҲˡ
һλӣܹϼּ䣬޾ǿ飬ӹϼгÿһֻ鶼ǿޱȣף̤գ˳ǽ
Ȼȥûǰô춯أǣȴҲȥ
ЩԴԴǿҲܰˣЩ飬ͽвˡ
Ŀ΢λʥˣҲ뷽Թһλ
Է۹⿴ǿģȴ϶Ѳġ
λʥȴûг֣һΣȻʧԭأ뿪⴦ս˳ʥսǹвӰΣʱڳǽͷҪһֱδֵĵˡ
£ѷλʥ˵Ĵս֮ʱ޷ġ
λʥֹȷҪһսлܳǽὣĻȨ
Σ֣ʹǳǽҲޱȵأһеؼ䣬ʱһſž޴ǳɢѹĿ¹â
~
ųǽζϵǳȻ׹׹ǳҪһж
һʱȺ׹䡣
˶ڱķΧڣǿ񱼶ӴȺһֻֻıǳײķ飬ΪϼɢȻ޷塢ֺͰԵȭҲǱǳƴײǰ֮ƻѡ



1669 
λʥ֣ó汾֮ʱ

~
һػ˴£æ˽ȥѪصڡ
Ҫսмǣмǡ֧˵һ仰λڲ˹ȥ
ͬһĻڽ
һ죬˶𾪵ķ֣ڼûֵ£׷Ѫˡ
ܴĲԽߣԽܸܵһʥսĿ£ܵĳҲԽ
ʥս֪ǣ˶˵ģȴҲòʵ߾ǿˡ
ˣо߲ϵľ𵴣˷ɢͬɽХ㣬ɪɪϵĽ磬һձǰδеƽ͡
ı㣬ҲûʥսӰ졣
ɽ壬Ե޹ʵıͻȻݣˮ׵ĸɺԡңѱȴҪ̫ˡ
缫
ʡ
üɫ裬̾Ϊֹ
˳ǽִ⣬λʥ֮ʿ޵ԡ
ȴ⡣
ʥһ;ͬ飬ңЩʥԽ޵⣬ͲپڣһѳˣԿΪֵ쾡¡
޷塢֣޾ȺȵȣȫһƥĽ̺ڣɱ񣬷ɱʥҪʤһܿλʥֵȫϸڡһܣ͸ᵽһ㡣
ֶּ䣬һе
ǽЩһüͷ
Ͼһ壬ʹ֮ҲλʥĶ֣λʥû֣ˣ͸ǽĪв
Ȼ£ǽذܡɫ޾뷽Ժִֻ֪Ľ֮ǲܵģ⻰ԣҲԡ
Ŷǰʾȵ
նɽϾǽ;ԲܣܶжǿмˣʹȫûзأȴҲ޷͸նɽ˵ֽߣԶܣܻٵ磬ҲǺ;ɫ޾
΢΢ͷġ
նɽ޵зУ򲻹ˣȴҲ˲㣬ǲܣȻҲʤ
ǣնɽϾѾɣһսãûʲô⣬ּս£ȴ˶ãᱩ¶һЩ⣬ڶʱڣʧȥܵ
ˣǽһλʥϽ֮ҲûоּʥսԲ֪һ⣬λʥȴ֪ģǲ壬뵱Ľ֮սҪȻô˵ĻǽǱذܡ
ȵȣ£ǽǱذܵġͻȻ뵽ˣɫ޾ǰǾ仰ɫһ
ɫ޾ȴ˹ӣû
ҡҡͷҲ׿ɻȫȫĹۿһսȻڼ̫ߣѧޣҲǳ
սֵķչɫ޾˵ʼǽķչ
ϵԽԽǽȻҲǷһ⣬Ҫ뿪ȴ̫ˡ
ͣʵڵȵ̫ˡ
ǽ뵽޵еҲʱɡ

ŭȣʩֶΣȻ˳ǽⷽ綼ҪˣһֱŵĵλʥҲ̣Ȼ֡
һڹӳǽ̳ɲǼ䣬Ǭƺ̴ˣһ޷ĵزֱ̳ǽ
鲻Խվš
ǧһ֮ʡ
ͻȻ
ⷽضȻͱһȫ
˵һͣʱ˲١
һֻƣһѱߣب֮ϡ
ʦ𡣡󾪡
һߣǸлڽСͽչˡȻ𣬻£ջ¡
~
һֻֻȺȻ飬Ӧһߴ˱ϣʱһѪ˷ţ˲׹ս֪ȥ˺δ
ͬʱ
õĳǽҲȻż˵ʱȫɱ
ת
޷屻ǽһնƬλʥҲƺһѪ䡣
ʹʥ֮ѪȻųɷâٶš
תۼ䣬Ҳ˰ˣоǺȻͲš
ʤǽ˾תشλʥ˽֮ϡ
˾κˣû뵽ԭͳǽĬ򲻻ôؼʱ֣ûгǽ󿪷֮ţҲϢĽ硣
ڽĺܶɻһ̣˴𰸡



1670 Ļ
ϸĻǽĺܶΪȷʵ˷ѽ⣬Ҳ˲²͸Ŀĺڡ
䷽׷ǹʣûм볿죬ǽԷά޷⡣
֪ˣǽ͵Ĭǰ£ȴˡ
ԭˡ૵
ˣȴҲס
Ҹǽ֮¡λѪȻȴŭ
˱ɲ֪ȥҲߣĵ˼㡣
òѰۿžܻܳǽͽ绰Ȩȴû뵽ؼʱ̣˳
µʵԶ֮ϣҲǷŭƽ
ǽһսӮˣǸʰ·磬ǣѰ֮˰æѵ˵𣿡ŭųǽ
ʤѷ֣ⳡʥսҲǽ绰ȨǶƿأ漰
Ҳˡ
ǣǽʤģȴֵá
ǽڲ֮˸Ǵɣŭûһ˵ĹȥɣǽҲֵ˺á
սֻλʥǽʥֹô㣬ûвôĶȴҲܲǣȻҲڹעߣĲ֣ҲǷǵļɻ䡣
˵ҺθɡǽЦģ϶Һ͵𣿡
ѵǣ㻹ߴŭǵ֣Ѿˣôɵ飬йᡣ
һûǣǷˡǽһ䣺ǴսǣҾעôõ״˵أ֣ᱻ֮ˣϡ
ߵԣĻû뵽Ծ£ǽҪϣȻһҡ
˵Ϊʲô֡˶٣ǽֵûΪͽ֣ܳô£˵ʵҲܺ棬ˡ
ˣδ磬ôΪѵͽܣ˵˵ŭ
ǽЦȴûлش
ĬǷһƽͻȻ
㡭
ߵɫ΢䣬ϳ˵ʥ˭Ǳʥ˵ĻδػţλͨģĿ´ڵĻȴҲš
û뵽ĬǷ
дһʵɳǵԤϣе˻ȻеźҲеãȻ
ȻĬǷǵֵɣȷʵҲˡ
ԭҲ֣Ӱ죬׼Сͽ֮ʱȴв죬ûס֣Ҫ棬ڲ֮ʱҲڿ˵ˡ
⻰һߵ˸ƿԡ
ʱӰӰϯ˿ЩʥԣȴûʲôӰ죬СҲ
ʥԣҪɱһ۳ڣһͷˡ
ɨӣԣҪ˵λʥǺ޷ǲܵġ
ʵϣսЩûв´ȷʵɱ˷ֻûҵˡ
һ㣬Ҳ֪飬ֻڳļλʥ֪
ߵҲû⣬ⲻ޹ؽҪС°ˣû뵽ʱȴ˵ǰأһʱ䣬˽֮ǣ˴¡
ԭĬǷõʥ֮Ͽɣǽ統Ϊɫگбϧ콾Ȼǽ֮ˡǽϧ
ǽⷬߵֻѪ
ǲŲ浽ţǽһ֪Ҳţͳǽ֮ûĬ
ǣûȷ֤ݡ
ȫվסţԷ֣ŭ˵ѡ˳ֽѵΪǽ磬ǿҲԽԵȵʥսؼʱ̣Ѱ˺ʵĻᡣ
ңҲֻǶһ֣⼸ˣûзֺ档
ڳǽܽƵһɶ
˰޲ѣȴû֤ݣκβˡ
ϾɲһǵĽ֮һҲִŵؽʵҪڹ۷ڵĳǽ֮ϡ
ʥɲ׿Ŀ´ڡ
֪Լǵ˳ǽĲõĴ棬ƫƫ޿κΣֻ¿
ĻԳǽһĴȫʤա
뿪ɫ޾ҲǴŷѸζţ뿪˽硣



1671
¡~
뿪ûãǰгһ޴ͨҲţɫ޾̤ͨ߳ʱȴȻǻص˵ǡ
վڷǰЦ
лʦ𡣡Цʦֵʱ򣬻һ
ʱȷʵޱȣΪ֪ô磬أһã𽣽͵ؽĴս
ǿҲ޷ȡ
кʵĶɣȻõʲô΢ЦΪݡ
ʵҲþ̫ࡣ
㣬ҵ˵ݣԺĬݾͲˣӦòΪʦɡ
ôܡҡҡͷĬݣڲҪҲˣҲΪ˽ʥá
⻰˵
ν֮Уջ񼫷ᣬڽʮ켶𣬾Ӱ֮սҲ㹻ˣȱֻŵرļϰˣȴֻҪʱձԴ֮ͻˮɵĽȥ硣
һĴǲپڽ޵ˡ
ˣĬݱ¶ãȷʵҲûʲôϧģҲǳ¡
ôͺá΢΢ͷʥ֮ܣģԽԽʵҲԽԽǿʱ򣬽ʥӵĹע㣬ʱزס
ʱû¶һгǽæǣʵ΢޷ʥ
ˣʥһ۾ͿʵݵģҲеģֻһλڴЩóҴˡ
ͷ΢ð亹
ֻز޵еģſƵ淨϶Уңѹ̣Ҳֻصķ룬ʥɶǽ淨ĲĴڡ
ݣҲһ£÷Сˣʲôط֪
ʦ̻塣
ܰȫҲǶʦİš
֮Уֵķǳ󶼴Ӱ죬ûкֵĻίʵѲ⡣
ٹ⻹ûȥбʥλãԳǽĽȻ޷̣Ѿ۷ڣսʤλʥʩԮ֡˵ͷ˵أҲϣڽӦһγĬ
ǽΪһʼҲ벻̫ͨάˣ£ҲԵЩ嶯ˡҲ΢΢ףû뵽Ϊ˸λʥף͡
λʥҪսǽȻҪһڣ˿ࡣ
ϾǳǽĶ֣һ㣬ʹʾٹҲһģ֣е֡
ûкõɣбʥۣ档
һΣǽԵޱȣӰ춼ֱӶˣҪӰƽ̣˺İԵоǸһֵɡ
ʥ֮˲²Ժ
ʵϣǽǣȴΪ
Գǽ˵ʱԽʵ»ԽӲ˵Ķ֣Ҫ־Ҫ硣
λʥԣԺĳǽȻöԸʱȻҲʶһ㣬Уɳ£ʲôڣܶԳǽ֣
ڣһЩᡣ
ˣ˫һļϣԥı˴սʥ֮ǰȻĽǳǽһ
ʲôšŷ
׼չһʱ䡣˵תս£ǹۿʥսĴ涼ܴʱúһˡ
ˣʦ𣬻Ӱ죬֮㡣߿齣˳
Ұɡͷ
˶ûʲôᡣ
߿齣Ȼܲɿµ罣󣬵ҪӰڱȴ鰵Ͷó֮ĵ㡣
Ķܿ죬ûվȡ֮Ľ飬˷
ֲᣬأӰƽ̻Ƿֵģûôԥ
뿪ҲŻز˴磬ⷬչأҪãٲûнݺʱˣѡȥĵشչء

ڽҹȥ
ջص죬̾ͽӵһϢʱЩ
ᣬҲ˵⣬ʵϼʥĻȴǷëǵģѵܼһΡ
ˣҲѼʥ
ڷ֮£ݼһڣû뵽ô죬ܰݼˣﲻ֪˻۾
ЩֹҲ֪Ϊ˺Լɲҵæڱչصĵط
ĬǷ
û
ҲûϻֱӾ仰˦˹
ʲô
ֱӾ



1672 ػ
ĬȻǷѹ֣ѹ֡
ãŴӼлعȻţԼ׿˵ģɲ
ͬʱһЩɻҲ˴𰸡
ȷʵкܶ飬ڳĬԵʮͻأǷڷϣȴǺˡ
Ҿ˵ôͻȻðôһ콾û뵽ȻǷλ˵ѹͬʱ˶ʥ̲סЦǽۣٷ˫޶ԣڷϣһ㶼û
ҡͷ
Ĭʵ̫ͻأˣ֮ǰûйɣȴûзκβ֮ҲûѣҲֻΪһ漣ûйĻɡ
ЩѳĬˣ֪ĬȻǷĻ֪ʲô飿ŶԣǿĬѾӰ죬Ϊ꼻һֵǰɡ
˵ͷĬ͵˰ɣԺҲôһˣҲҪ⴫ɻ˵ҵ˼
ǡȻӡ
ԼҲףԳĬ֮뽣磬ɱķȴûбʶƣúܶʥʧ棬ȻԸſĹʶǳĬӰ죬Ҳ˳ˮۡ
λ˵˵˵Σദһʱ䣬Ӧú΢̾㣬ûдֵĻδĺܳһʱ£֮ԪλͥҲʥȴҪ˲٣δػͬһʱۣǷ¡
Ҳ֪ʲôζ
ǰãΪĬһϣΪʥڲ֪ԷΪʥעġ
ڣ̤ʮط۵ľ磬ʥʮСȴҲ㹻ˣҪĹע
һͨʮطۣʹٳɫʥҲ
ǣһΪ۵ʥһ˾ޣɨ˽ʥɫΪζʥѾԶˡ
ֽȸУƺܹŵ
һƽڣ֪ĬһԹˣٽˣѡʱѡǣܰٽˣɨء
ڵˣżҲܲǰӣԨǵĳԼܱߵЩʮطۣˡ
һλɽۣΪѹһ䣬ºҲ࿴
һж֤Թ˭ã˭񣬷Ҳ
ȻЩҿԿ϶Ȼûж˵ʵȴǳǵ飬ԷֻжûԹ
飬Ϊظ˱Ŀͷ˵ġ
֪Ҫ֪ʲôڷ˷Ϊ˺ֱӾ˵˴𰸡
ϣʼҲûпڷתսµ;У˲Сá
ܲ顣
˵Ҳͷˣû뵽λǰȻ͸ôһ컯¶֮ɫ
Ϊݻλ޷ʥУԭҲû⣬û뵽ջ
֮򣬽֮
ҲָʲôرֻδѰˣ
ҡҡͷû˵ȥתͷ˹·İԺϵ⣬ҡ
лڡϲæлиǼ˼㡣
ʥָ㣬ǺεȵĴ
Ҫ֪ѾŮѵüһ棬ԼλȴʱüӺҫ
мͬʱҲ֮࿴ԭ򣬻뷽нģˡ
źøУǸģڰϡ

ؽ磬ĵش
ϢĵûоκһˣǰĴһȦ˿뿪Щ꣬ı仯
ȷûʲô޴ʺ󣬷ǵɽʼչأתսµջá
ĴеʥأΧرأ˿Ҳģᱻ;š
磬֮׳ɳţոտ֮ʱȻ׳˲٣ܾڻЩ࣬ȴҲǽ٣Ŀɿڴ
۵ľ磬硢֮ء
淨̵ʶս飬áͻƵȵȣενǳɳϣٳ֮ĳɳ
󣬷ƹضǿĽɽϳ𣬽˷ԲƱɫް


1673 ǰĴ
ʦˡ
ʥ˻ˣ̫ˡ
ӳĴأԲڸо췭ظı仯ȴϲ˶УϤĸо
ˣڻˡ
˶ݺᣬʧ
ʱվɽԿ˷ĴϣȺ߳ݣ߳䣬糱ˮӿɽ£ȴɽΨðʥˡ
ڸʮĴ£һЩλȨأʵǿ˵ɽݼ
ӱչش˳Ŀɨ䣬˶оǱɨһ㣬
ţأΪβüͷ΢塣
ʦ
ͨһڷǰ£һٶǰˣ޸ݼʦ
Ҳ
ˡһ̾ϸȥʮҲ˺üףԭļףȴڼ
ģǸһɽһڷǰˣҲʮǿ֮һôˡ
ϲû⣬ʥҲ˥´Ҳ
ĵشڹȫŲȱҲԶԶͬˡ
˵˵ɣô¡ʰ飬
ĵͲԶûе޵ʱ򣬷ΪȻڶĻҲ棬ǶЩ壬ȴеʧ
ǰĴһ飬ʱۻҲû̫࣬ȴʲôʱ¡
ʦԼ̫ˡҰݷҲȥ˵һ顣
뷽ϴ뿪Ѿȥꡣ
䣬Ҳ˼ķչǿƣӿ֣չֳչͷǣڼγԵ翪ؽʱ򣬶նɱޣƲɵ
־棬˿ȡ
˸ǱϵʤͷԣΪݷչѾǿޱȣһޣĽ
ңŽ󣬸ޱɱع򱻲һЩҲʮƿɶļɸǼѡ
ڲ˼ҵìܣһԻΪıصΪӦ
Ϊ뿪ǰǣȴȻʦδ飬˵ûʱ
һĻΪĻҵˣȻΥ
һɣȻǼɣΪףΪʱңǿѾ
˫Ħϣ˵Ҳ˵˭ִĴϣǸŽҪԣûбս
ִĽ˫нԶǰĴһϵ康Ȼɱ̤˰﷽ԲĿ
һʼеķǳ˳ݱϵĴԽԽ˶ҡˣĵĶ飬ʮ棬Ҳкüվ˹ȥ
֮һˣ
Ĵˣչ֮ʱڽˡ
ֲ޷ľ޺Ȼɱޱߵɱ¾ûĶ֣˵ĹϣȫˣʮֻǰǲһͬӤ
ʹʥˣҲûд˿ֲĸо
ܡ
֮˱ɱĵΪ˶ϺҲĻ׳תۼһ
ǣֲֻûаǣһԼֲĵطƬڵ嶼ᱻ
ܣĽʧϳ
ϢŻָһЩԪ𽥱ǿʢȴҲԶܺȫʢʱˡ
ʱǱ뿪ǰֻǿ壬ҪչأۻҲûжʲôȴ뵽м䷢ıʺͲۣǿתٶȸյ̡
ĵ˲Ȱ棬Ĵþ棬ȻҵûȴҲѴ̣ʦ𷣡ͷ
ʦ𷣡˷׷׵
ǣľ棬Ƕǵ𷣡΢΢̾˿ɳĵ·һ˳ģҲһдۣҲѪᣬϣǼסεĽѵҪٷˡ
ʦ֮ҵ˹
ûж˵ʲôһ̻ߣ죬ЩѪĽѵֻܿҵԼɳ壬δ
ʦλվЩʵ
ȻϧվҲҽѧиɱߣӡַޣδҵʦɰɡ



1674 ַ
һ˵ϢĴѸٴš
ʥ˻ˣҪַޣһǰѪ
ܣֵĽϢĴأ䡣
ͬĵˣʥĿУϵĴڣ߳׳ľ䣬ҲĴص
һΣҵ˶ԥվڷһߣַַ֧ж
ԷǾεģ˵УһС
ĦȭƣڴŴսһ
ǰǳܣеʹһսʧأ֪жٴж޳צ£Ǻ֮ǣϢһε׳Ҳʱޱˡ
¡¡~
ţһһӰڴϣǰɱڶȥ
УһսХȥݺᡣ
ЩսۣͬõսߣŵģմȨʵǿǿߣһĳսϾͻսйȥԮ
վһսϣΧһЩսǻҵˡ
Ӹ£Կ糱ˮǰɱϯһУֳ쳣׳ۡ
һΣڷ£㳲ˡ
ѰսҲ֡
ĸͶʦĴݡҵţ˳ŵ
ҲʱĴأҪֻܿԼĳ֣ΪɨϰǰǣںǣҵҲѹûҪȫֻӦ˵ΣգŻ뷽֡
ܿ죬ɱ˰﷽Բĵ̣ȣһ̤ΧϾޡ
ڰĴܣԼ̾ޣȷ뿪ǰֻ಻١
غȺɱЩ޶ɵˣӶӲˣֱӾͱַڵأʬ޴档
ɱɱɱ~
ɱһޣ۾ˣɱзӯ죬һմѪУݺͱ˳˯ڡ
ΧֱӱĴֲޱɱ
Ļۣչڷǰ
뿪ǰҪǿ̫ˣܱȲȫʢʱҪɨһޣȴࡣ
·ɱ¾
ڱһֻֻޱɱѪսģȴ޵¸ӵĹɳأȫһЩع
ǰδģҵҲûκ쳣˵Ƿܿĳ
ֻн˽̻񣬲ҳΪʮطۺ󣬲ܿ񣬽̻һأҲĥϵ
֪ǵؽһ֣ɱˣعأܲȫ˵زȱĹһصĹճɹΪؽһ
֪֪ȴǵһΡ
ǵǴ۽磬֮Ҳǳ˴ҩ㣬Ȼٳɳ
һ
֮ĳɳΪףû뵽ı仯ϸĻȴҲȻϾǰģѾ漰˵ؽ缫İأ̵⡣
ѹܽӽ̻ô٣Ҫǰ̡
ʦҳսˡһ𣬴˼˱ȭԦսȻɱ˵棬һֻӴ޺Ȼսһ
Ŀȥ
ɱ룬ҲһʼĴֲӦ˹ģҲԽԽǿǰĳƷŻճ۳սҲǸͶսսҵʮҲͶս
ɱ~
ɱ~
ɱ죬ʮͶ룬ʹսܿתʮֻǿޱѸնɱʿڣǷ׷ɥ
һֻʼɱҵ˵ס˵ĹһӵϣѸնɱֻޡ
ĻҵˣʵչȴҲ׷̤˾طʵļ
ǵĴ£зʼޣ࣬Ͳˡ
~
ͻȻ
һؾҲţһӴɽӰԶ

ֲֻޡ
ɽӰеĿ־Ͳǰͬĺɨķȴֲֻ޵Ĺ߽⣬ǺܶеجΣһͲĿ־
~
Ȼ̤Ŵأ޴ĽƲ£ҪƷ˹վǰ㲻ȣľޣһ޴ޱȵɽֱһ㣬ѹȸкͿ־˾ֱӱķ顣
Ǹ޷еĹ
ʿһӵ䵽㣬˿־Զ
ʱ
~
һ쳹أսϣִŽڽǰն䡣
~
ضھһζǰƺ̫ѳâأȵΧĿ³ƽֲֻȻʧ׵ĴӴĨȥ



1675 ȫʤ
˶ˡ
вսʤǿĲ˼Ŀֲôˡ
һֲʵĸоһ
ʥˣǿ˺̶ֳȣ顣
ʦʦģ㿴ʦΪ㱨ˡ૵
ǿΪ֮𺳣ҲǵһӸʿ졣
ʮһ˷ܲѣԭһЩɻڷһ£ԻΪУʱ֪֪Χ޵ǿȻִǰѩޣⲻǱ޳ͷԣǷʵ
ʥˣꡣ
ʥˣꡣ
ȺɽХȻŷţʿǰɱȥзںη塣
һ̣屬Ǽ侪˵ģɱΧ޲ҽѸոɱ
ûпɵֵޣ̶ʱڣͺɨԲǧңĵδҵɱͷͣЪŸԶɱȥǼԦսͬս
ÿӦˣȻشޣͻֱӳ֣֮ĨɱûһֻޣǷһ֮С
ģѡӣȡʤ
糱ˮǰɱȥƾ˵˼㣬һֱصǧ֮Զͣ˽ŲɱƬڵ޵ޱնɱ
ʦ
ҵ˷սǰָʾַޣһȴ˸Ҳӡ
ҵ˻մȾѪ𴦴ȴǳĺãʢĶ־
˼ɱϻص⣬ʮ඼ˣʮҲ쵼ߡ
˹񣬶Էĵĳ羴
ûзȫͬ壬һʹǴôƯĴսҲǺݺһ¶˵ʹ졣
࣬Ҳֹͣˡżˣ
ʦףɱҲˡͷɱڣȷʵǽƣˣٴȥ֮ûзҲͣ
һ㣬£Ժ󲻵ǧ֮⡣
⻰һЩ㵡
⻰˼סһǧĽģҪ֪δɱķǿǧ֮ңȴһҪһǷ˵ĻϾͻվԡ
ǧｮصס𣿡˼һۣ
һͣǰʤͷԣʱ侲ſʼʶʵ⡣
Ҫ֪֮ǰռĽǰ﷽ԲһʮѾڴˣڴ󲽵ķɣ˹أԶԶķ
ķչһһϦһһӡȴ򡣡
ʦˣһǧｮѾ㹻һˣҪģǼϢʵȵٴ׳ͼġҵ˵ͷ˷˼
ޱնɱع򱻲ȫδϢ֮ǵʵֻǿ
ǻᷴ˵ģҪռǧ﷽Բ˵һο飬֮ǴôԶĿģΪ˽ǿһ飬ͬʱҲΪסǣڽΪ
ҵ˷׷׵ͷ
һεĴѹǧڵǱɱƵˣʱڣ϶׷ߣ͸ʱ䡣
󻯵ɱǿޣǧڣʮطۼޣһֻ
ǣһ·ȥȴҲûڶֻȻЩᵽΣգǰܣӵԶԶģûб׷ɱ
صǧʮطۼŵԶݣʹڽв壬˴ַĿģҲǴﵽˡ
ʦҪˣ
ͻȻһʶ˵ô˼
ȻҪϢǷ£ϵȻҲͲˡ
ҲҪԼûзϡ
ҵȻҲ֪ʵǿҪķǰ뿪ʱ֪ǿ˶ٱԽǿҲԽȫȻ֮á
˵Ҫ뿪ɷҲãϾߡ
ӣɽҵҵ˿ϵѣ֮ȵȡ
ͬʱҲŴ˵أ޵ķӦ
˳ǧڣ𽥻ع飬еǰߵģҲеǴӱĵǨġ
Щ޵ĻܽٿǧﷶΧżнģҲѸնɱ
ڼ䣬ҲǳΣĴߣնɱһЩǿޣ޵еסȺ
ֹһʱգȷ̬𽥻ռǧ﷽ԲΪֺ󣬷ŷĵ뿪عǡ



1676 ܾ˫
ǡ
ĵش󣬷ȥǰݼͬʱҲΪ١
ʮطˣҲûǿ󵽣˵ĵزеĽǱزٵģʱٱֵ̫ˡ
ʦ𡣡΢΢
Ͳ˷ĵ˷һͿ
Ľ̻ڶ׶ˣչһ䣬ڵؽĶȻ
̶꣬˵ڶ׶εĽ̻ĵشصǧĳɼԳƵǳɫ֮Ҳõʮ⡣
кδ㣿
׼Ϣһʱգۡûԥ˼꣬Ҳʱز˴ˣûԼĳŵ
Ҳáûѵ⣬ʮطһΣѾӽʥˣʥᣬǱ콾ߵһҪǰûǰˡ
衣
һγ꣬ʮãԼͣͲǰûǰܵģǴڡ
ʥǰĵ·ȷŵģһߵͷת
ˣߵʱǰ·ϾһǰһЩȴûһˣֱܹͨʥı˰ҪǰͱһδεĴƼޣ޵Уٳµĵ·Ѷ֪֮
ǣͨ·ţǵ·ϵļȴһ㶼١
˳˳ˮУն
Ľˣǧ겻ʹ֮ޣӶۣ̤ۺ󣬽ῪʼʹʥҲ⣬ĻҪ꣬ԣҪ׼뽹
ǵģʧȥƽġ
Ͼʮطһˣǰһһɱ䣬˭ܲ
а߰ʮʧ⣬䷽ֻ˲ǧʱ䣬ǰḶ́ڵ̫˳˳ˮˣȱ㹻ĥ¡
ΪʦʱȻӦóԸ롣
лʦѡʮط۵ľȷʵ
ң֮ľʵȴռģһֱԭ̤
ڰڷ񣬼ʹʥ棬ǰéˡ
ˣ˵ЩҲʮطˣȻδ繫ǽǱߣȴѾ֪ľˣҲʱõһšЦ˵
šһˣǽǸš
˫ۣǽۻǺпϵģҲȽʺ㡣΢ЦϾǽ֪ݵģȻҷ⣬ô׵ķĬ˫֮ء
ǳĬķţҵġҡҡͷ
ţҪ
ڷĿУܳǽ뷨Σ˫۵ķŶڳĬģˡ
ܳĬʵһˣڷ滹ġ
ͬ⣬ҲʣǵؽʥʲôʱֵˡһҲǲܣ˫۵ķŵġ
ķţкü֣ʹ߼ʥ׷⣬̫ĻҲܵɺս
ɫ
ŲҷģͲεĿǸ߲ΣǷһ𣬷ŶΨһġ
˫۵ķţ£Ժ˭õţͱȴܷ
кü˫۵Ļ֮䣬һȷΨһʹߡ
һܣʧȥ˷ţǾǼΪ˵飬Ŵ·ŵʥҲʧ棬ʧ߿ʹñķţҲԲʹκηš
һķţ黹ûʲô˻ս˫̫֮ĿˣǶķţȻսӵһǿŵģҲȻ˫
˫֮⣬սãֻΪڳĬġ
ķţԼʲô뷨Ƭ̣һʱҲ벻һʵķţɴ˷ˡ
ĳ綼Ǻģŵʥ׿ѯʱߡ
ҡͷ
˫˫ǿˣǽϵǲţǸǳ˸ⰡҡͷЦ
ٷ˫޶ԡ
ܱŸøʺϵģ٣һ϶˹һ£ʷ޵ǿߡ
Ҫ÷ȥսЩڣίʵǿѡ
ٿǿǣ˵ɡͷ۵
ڻݷҲʱûзţҲʲô£Ҳġ
Դˣ飬ǺҲûмڻز˴磬˵ǵĲر󣬸ոɽ̻ĵڶ׶Σй״ǣҲ׼ûԼõϵĶ



1677 
ߺ󣬹ڣ˳˼

ͻȻһԶڴڻȻȴûгκһ˵Ӱ
ȴû¶֮ɫǹǰ
ǵ֣磬ôƺˣָڣȴֻһǿĴڣֻŵǵ̫֮
ı֮ߣ׷ݵ֮ʱڣȵߵĶ࣬Ȼڳ˯ţεķʽԻȴҲʲô£ǰϵȥӷҴȥ۶һʥս
Ȼͷۣ֪øȡʲôţԾ񣬲ȥһԣؼ֤ɫ޾š
˵һ仰ʧˣҲȵĻش
ʲôȥȴɫ䣬һӾ׹ɫ޾ָ
÷ȥǲ̫ˣ
ɫϱ仯գ˾

رȻͨŵģ޲䣬һȥ˲һе
Ӧģǵļ۸ҲǸ֮߰ԷڵڵȨޣмߵۿۣҲѵõ֮һ
Ͼ̫ᣬûôʱȥֵܹ
һΣ̻ڶ׶εɣȴ÷ͷһӿԣ
¡رĴһ㣬ֱӴ͵һĿռ󣬲رеڷǰ
һְƴСӯӯС˶Ϊ飬մȾ˲رڵϢġ
ʮطõһ챦
Ҳ飬СһʱһùŸڷǰĿһϣ챦ʲôΣǶ٣һĿȻ
䡣΢΢̾ϢܶණǸе۽磬ǰδ뵽ġ
磬衣
Ŀһϣ衣
ǵӵеģܰʼ޵ĵ޴֮޵챦ܱȲϷõ̫ȪȴҲǺ֮ˡ
ԭĿģΪ˶һһ裬֪صǣʮطˣҲҪ
ţȻдٳ֮ɳ챦ͻȻһ¶ҵĹâ
Ϣ
챦֣һ᲻۵ɢԴԴϵĻϢ
һ
֮ǺεҪһߣͬǵ֮ĳɳϵɳ󣬾ת
û뵽仹֮ӿɳĶⲻɷĶ
гΪʥʣȱʱ䡣
̫á
Ȼ֪ʥ˵ʱѾˣǣ̵֮ܽĻȻٺò
Ψʥ۷塣
ȥȴ侲
ȣϢûôã𵽶ã֮ɳ٣˶졣
ΣҲҪһ㣬һһֻʹһλϢ
磬ĵطӦҲڻϢ챦ǲһֻ֣ʹһΣڶʹã֮ûκˡ
ʹûϢˣ޲ǽ˹ؼʱڣͻƾ֮ʱøڵϡ
󣬻Ϣǳǳİǲر۸ߵһС
֣ͷЩףȻ޷һһݻϢ
ΣϢڣܶһ֣ҲЧΣҲһЩʱգҲǿġ
⣬һţһɢâ
޲֮ˡ
֮ҪԣԶ֮ĹҲޱȣʱڷǱܣ淨
ɫʱˣԵոͻƵʮط۵ʱ򣬾һսʱ֮Ǳܱ÷ڶʱڣƣӶܶ֡
һϸڣ֪飬ʱ֮Ϊʢʱ̣˺֢Ҳܿڸ˹ȥ޷
ȻǱǱܡɫһ䡣
취ֲĻʱԣǳк棬ڹؼʱ̣Ⱥٵʱ򱬷ǾԻ÷֮ء
ǱܣҲӰ쵽֮ĳɳϵδĳɾ͡
϶һҵһһöֲļ۸񣬵ûлϢôߣ
ҲܵģԽЧԽ
ۣͷʣ಻Ĺף˼Ѳߵ챦뿪˲ر



1678 ̵
ʦ𡣡
ȥǰٴ˵סĹ
׼뿪ˣҲ⣬£Է˵ķţ⣬ȥһطҲüһʱԵȵ
ǷҪһ׼ҪǸط÷ţԲһ׵¡
ɫ
˵࣬Ҳɵ˵ͷ˵ӰɼһŶ˵Ҫԣʱţδػǵ÷ˣķţȻǧţݲȡ
󣬵ҲǷһ£Цˣȥɡ
˵ֻ꣬һͨͨ޾ĺڰգһ̤УӴʧ뿪˵ؽ硣

˴硣
ڷعʱغӭŵһĻع飬ͬΪлѩҲǵһʱ
ڻˡ
лѩ¶ЦݣǰһŮգգ۾ǲһֱʣʲôʱ𣿡
ԣǶŮһ£ΪʲôлѩͻȻðôһ䣬ţǾͷӦ˹ɫʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ѵ˵
Ӱ֣һңԶԵ˴˵أҲˡ
лѩվ˷һӵӭĻع飬ţŮֻϵ飬ǿ
Ҫȴڵʲô
ôҲ뿪˼꣬ǾͲʶˣЦŮʮ˱䣬Ҳһʮ꺢ͯʱǵı仯ܴ
סŮһۣԷ
뿪ʱǲʮ꣬ǼµͣȻǲ÷Ǽķ룬ڳɳʱڣټȻЩ裬Ҳ˲Ρ
ԣܿڽɢ±׽
ľԣһ𣬿ŲԶڵأŬһԶŮ
ʱˮ΢΢п
ͷ
ÿλţûзʲô仯ʱƺֹͣȻҲϲվ޹أҽһˣʲôп
лѩˣϵˣŵرԷʵݣҪŪЩףȻԶȲǿߵҲӵŽΪԶҲʹãϵı仯
ǣһΣ뿪˼꣬ӾϢĳˡ
еᡣ
ʱؼΰҲǿƵʱⳤԶͣ£ʹ죬ô绪콾Ҳʱ񣬻˭ǵãǰľ콾˽ܣֻ˭ǵҷ
̲סпһԶŮĳɳ÷ᵽʱ
絶ն콾ѹֲ˭׷Ų࣬ųӣȻҪĳǺεȵļѡ૵
Ҳôֻ֪࣬һһ𣬱áڷϡ
һЦȥС֣ЩһɨգֻһƬ
ηҪΪ˽̵ŮģǵͣĺʱҪߵĵ·Ҳûǿаţѡ
磬ϵڶ࣬ǵޣɲζţŮҲҪ·ȥ
Ȼ޵Ļ˷Ѫǣߣ·Ҳࡣ
Էĸ߶ȣʹǱϵǰڣͬҲָǣһϵǿ߲
һϵ˶Ůǰ
գĴӷѪʱƽϲģǷɨ£תս޵о˺ԥѡ˽һСŮûôսŮиҵѡ˵һ
߶ǷóϵȻǵޣɶԽҲİ
ͷ󣬷Ҳûзԣţʹ뿪˲˴硣
Ҫ·ߵ˳ڲ˴Բһѡ񣬱ϾǱӣʲô鶼˳˳ˮҲһȱĥ£ǽĳɳûжô
ŶŮ촩ۣڣʹ磬Ľд
һվ˵
ܽĳɾΣԶǵĸǵأһ㣬ǷҪ̸˵ģ˲
ڵһ£һʱĶţǰһĿĵأһ硣
Ԩ硣
һͨĴ磬ҲǷѡĽ
Ըո̤·ĶŮ˵ûҪȥ̫߼Ĵ磬һĴˡ


1679 ˮ
һͨͨƫƧСɽ壬һգͻȻӭˡ
һŮǱ˴˼ĳƺһ״һԶŮԶε˴˵أ޶
ˣȻǷˡ
Сɽ嶨Ӻÿ͵Ĵܻӭǵĵûþͽǡ
Ƿ׵ķãκεطǹʶĿĴڣ˵ע⣬ֻصڱ£ǿģµǿߣҲݲ׵Ůһͨĸףһͨá
ˣҲû˾ǣҲǺܿ˵ء
ΨһôǸеֵǣ˶٣ԵЩȺϸĻǲôҲȴûа㼢ȵģ
ȻЩ֣ȴҲûȥҶæƣƽҲûôȥıˡ
ˣôס
ոһգȥתۼ䣬Ǿס˰꣬ûиͷǴǻ֪ʶҵ󣬸ģ뵱أһͨ˵ƽҲʹ
Էͷ˵ʮʵģڲ˴磬֮ӣ֣ʲô˳˳ˮ
ʹһĥ¡
ȻҲû۸ǣϾΧͨˡ
ʱţģͷڸҲ˲ĽУǱֳģۣʹòȥͨƽȴҲ˲Ŀڱ˶䷽һԺöŮ
һЩʵ˼ҸǶ˼Ҫ̸̸˵Ļ⣬ϾСɽ͵ĺӣҲൽ䡣
Щ˶ЦҡͷܾҲ͡
ֹ˰꣬ů֮ʣ˾˵ķʱȵķ֣ȥ¥գ֪ӺζİˣϢ뿪ˡ
֪һϢ˶ǾԣҲ֪ʲô
ܿ죬Ҳͱˣտʼż𣬿ϧǶСŮģҲûʼգǵӡ󶼷ǳĵ
˵£Ҳ񵱳һ̸ʣ˵˵ţҲعƽ
ֱһ죬һ̶֧ӾСɽ壬Ϣ
Ƕֵĸ뿪ûãһǿ޵УɨͬΪԨҫ۵ǡ
Ƕõ֣һз㣬һз⡣
ĬȻ
һĥ£ڷѾ㹻ˣͷⶼ㹻Ĵϻۣһݷ߳˵ʱųҫޱȵĹâ
Ԩ綼Ϊ֮𶯣˶ڴ̽ⲻ֪ð
ȻվֻһͨĴ磬ǿϡ٣ЩӦҪʱȴǶ˼㣬ȫʧˣҲҲˡ
º󣬷ˣֱ뿪
ԨԣˣչֻǸͣٴĲҲܿɢ
촩޾дţǰһ硣
ԷͷԣǼΪһͲƸһʼͼĿǵ۽磬ʶĴڣеᵽķ顣
һ㣬ЩСڶ糤Խʮ㣬Ϊ߸ϵˣܱġ
ˣڴ֮䣬ÿһ磬һĿ꣬ȵɺŻ뿪еʱ򣬻Ԩ磬Ҳеʱ򣬽ǲСĲ
ڷ£˵ĳɳٶ쳣ˣʹ͵ؽ콾˿
ѡǵ֮·ѪƱӳɳΪѸ٣Զ㣬Ҳ٣õѹΪǿĶڷ£һžӨ͸ĽģӴһɳ죬ˡ
ƽ
ŶŮһĳɳıǿһУҲǰδеƽ͡
ǲ~
һ죬׵ĳ֡
һֻһɫģǵ֮֮
ڹȥɫѾ˾󲿷ֻ֣ͷһСûѿ޷һȫò
ǰԹְ취ȴҲ޼¡
뽣磬תս֮ʱõʥ֮Ͽɣ̤Ӱ죬Ѫ׳٣ﵽ۷ʱ̣Ҳûѿ
û뵽ȴڷ̵ŮΪƽ֮ʱ쵽ˡ
һУǰˮɣûаĿ⣬ȻȻɡ
ɫͷĲ֣ǵһǵĵطʱѿڴﵽһٽ磬ıȫѣһ飬ĵ䣬һ̣ӵڲһĹâҲǻ֡



1680 
еĺɫ
˵Ҳ棬֮ǰɫϾѴΣ޷͸ЩѿĵطǱʲô赲סˣֱʱȫѣĹâ֡
ңҲ
΢һֻУһɫֻ̨֮ʱɫҲǸӦ˺ɫı仯ҲǴѣͬһâ֡
Ȼ񲢲ͬǴڲֵĹâȴһƵĸо
յףҪ⿪ˡ
һСʱ򣬵һμݵ֮棬͵õ˺ɫ
Ȼʦ֡ʦǰ㣬ֱӾʹãɫڷȴһֱûκãҲھ򲻳ܣȻ֪ǼΪȴ޷üݡ
ʱصɴҪҿԷԣҲ̲סڴ
ڣ͸âԽԽ࣬ǵ͸ı㣬Ҳѩ㣬ֱڻâ֮УûãѾûֻϷŹĹš
ӦâĿȥʱ֣âģһ̺ƺаصˮΣĿɨȻˣһ¡ȫ֪ȫܵĸо
ָоܿȥǻþ
ɫڵˮΣûκ쳣ǺɫڵˮΣڷĿʱȴǶȻһ𣬽ţһӴѶϢ˷Ժ
ǵ֮׼ģ⿪ĺɫ񣬿ʱͻ֪ǵܺ
ԭˣֽ컯ˮ̺컯֮أϵ
£֮µѶϢܿ¶֮ɫ
ĺɫӡ컯ˮģԲǰƿȻ֮Ѷ֮ҲΪĵõ컯ˮԷ˵ûж壬ֻʵ;絽ˣܷá
컯ˮۼֵԶڻϢ֮ϣ٣һΣʦڻҵģǡ
¶ɻ֮ɫ
컯ˮ֮͵Ĳֻ࣬һ䣬̺컯֮أĹû÷Щ⡣
ܿ죬ϵ飬ɻתΪ˼𾪡
͵վ
һһ»ڷǰ
ֳ󣬱ֱӸӡˣûɢȥ
û뵽û뵽㾹Ȼǡ
֮ɫ
ǰ麣õģѾٶõĳ»ǵ֮µѶϢ֮䣬Ҳš
ãƽ飬һɫڵ컯ˮ˳»
»棬ʲô
⣬Ҳûд𰸣ڵʵʹʵۣ֮Ȼ޷֮͸
ǣ컯ˮĿ»ȴϡŵݣҲչڷǰ
һ京ŵĻ
ڻ֮ϵĹâչ⣬һĸо

һڣˡ
˵Уһ滨һǰԲһΨһ֮
ܳκһط硢߲磬磬ֻͨ磬һ㡣
ֻĴţȴ˼
ţ֮գֱԻǰһ˵淨Ϊһţ̲֮ס̾Ϣ
ν֮Ҳ淨ĵĲԲʥ򣬳˼е淨⣬һ淨߾硣
޵Уֱ۷壬ǻһ˲
ѹܰңٵ淨ǰɻ󱻽⿪ǽһԶԶ֮ʱ֮һ
ֵȻǳ
컯ˮһȣϢԶѷһȣ컯ˮֲʲôˡ
ʥҪ淨ĵĲ㣬Բ֮ҲҪԼ£ˣǸûдﵽǸΡ
ңߣҪʥʹһͨˣҲڻ֮ʱһ淨۷壬Ǻε죬Ȼѧ淨ȴȫķӳҲҪӦʵ
ˣˣҲǾ޴ޱȵƣ֪ǿ١
ԭǸʱʦѾ֪૵֪֮ûͱģΪģ컯ˮҪġ
Ե֮Ǹ˵ȴֲʲôˡ
ȻԶûʢʱ컯ˮĹѾҪôǽӿҲǵ֮컯ˮԭ
Ҫʢһ컯ˮǲġ



1681 
ǰ
ԶûʢʱĻҪ꣬ǧԼõʱ⣬ŻʢȻȲǸʱ
컯ˮ̺컯֮أӿǣҪһϦ֮ʢҪ컯ˮҲǸСĿһ컯ˮܰ쵽ģˮѰ١
ˣ컯ˮıǸ⣬һܿͻ֮䡣
Ҳ컯ˮΪѵõԭ򣬼ʹԵɺˣҲԱ档
ֵֻ֮֮ĵӡ棬컯ˮð취֮ȫ룬˶ɢ
ֻǣ컯ˮվѰλڣҲõһΡ
ɫڵΣǵ֮ͣɫڵΣǷֻ̨õģá
컯ˮ޷ô૵ûֶΣ֮ҲѾڻڹâ֮С
ҺãϾó
Ҳûѡˣֻʱ򣬽֮õ޷ȴʵʱ

£ͷԸ⣬˲ܽٻأ룬Ƿһ뷨
ǺεȵľһԻȻ󲨣ʥϧΪͷ
֪ԽԽá
ǲģͷ˵ȥûнٻأΪ˵ûʲôðˡ
һҪʢʱԶʱ
˵ĳɳ죬ȴҲԶû淨ĳ̶ȣĹ۶ûʲôôܱʱвǾ͵òʧˡ
Ͼ컯ˮȥڼ䱬Ĺâø۶õ˼棬淨ʱ£ȫͶ룬Ͼ˼
뵽ƽ컯ˮ档
컯ˮϣ̾ͱˡ
컯ˮҲǴӳ˯˰㣬Ȼһ񣬽ţǻƵģǿҵ磬ΧĻҲǻչţ˿
~
ڻĹâΧţҲͻȻâǣڽǰķϯ˽ȥ
һ̣һ𣬶ʱһ״̬֮У״̬棬֪ʲôǰһۿƣϵּɬתۼͱˮɣ
طֻغ֮ڽ״̬µķҲģʼ淨
ͬʱڷ磬֮ҲܵĪĴ̼㣬ʼ賤

ⷽ硣
һ̳ܵĴУ㡢ãڲμһ֮Ľʢᡣ
Ȼͷ⣬ʱ̣ܶǵĳɳ̫ˣ˶Ϊ֮Ŀ֮ͬ䣬ܳߣʤǵģҲΪ͸ԵʣҺܿҲ׷ϳԽ
ʱⳡ֮ĽʢᣬȻҲͷʢˡ
ⷽ㡢⣬Ҳ֪ðģǿĿš
ڳˣĿⲻʱɨλϯķͷ⣬žηʺޡĽһ㡣
ʲô˵ʵȴûܷϡ
ߣʲôмɲ񣬷ɳĻᶼûУ;ز۵ʲôǡһݺ
ڷ³ԹȻ֮֮ǡ
ǺǣẮпɽӣ˼Ҿû𣿡һڲԶŨüЦмɨۺӣǰ޼ɵΪΥԾֳǣţȴ·ķ·ƽش
ҲΪ̣ݲôºû
ŨüеļѪȴ˵
ҲûбǰȥˣûȿǷ㣬ͱһͻأ߸ˡ
ƾһߣͽѪֹˣ»æӶݡ
ԷŮٶ޴ӵ֪
ºһЩԸȻҪж֮ʱһһΣҵˣǿڣ³һѪήҵء
ˣҲѰ㷽鷳ҲẮԡ
㷽⾪ޱȣأ򰵣֪жҪǵ⣬ǲ˭һ߾ˣ򵽣˱ǿĸֱӶû˸Ρ
ףôˡ
ʢеݱͻȻһ˾ɳ
Ҳۣͣȵ̧ͷȻֲ֪ʱѸٻ谵ͬǺҹ٣ڱա
֣ûǴĻʱְɡһλżѵ˿ĭھš
̫յʱȴĺҹ١
δţβľƽ


1682
׷ʲôȻ䡣
˶סˣ׷վ˭Ҳ֪浽׷ʲô
Ҫ˵ǿߴս𣬿ȴûиӦκε仯֮㣬Զǵ
ԶĵطҲ
һЩɡĽϽˣæͨķţѶϵǱߴϢޱȡ
ǵǳأǵɼڵأҲҹ֡
Ҫ֪ڵǳأǵɼҲ֮ң
޷仯˺̶ֳȡ
¶־֮ɫ⾪˵仯ҵȺѸš
ȺУͷһۣҡҡͷҲϵ˷ȴ֣ôϵϣ˵ľʧ룬ǻ򶨡
ʱǴң綼ҳһš
ҹ٣ڱգ仯ֹһһس֣ǳڴ
ڴĺδҲ֮ǰʲôڴʱҹȡ
ǿȫҪҵ⾪֮仯ԵɣȴͷԴͷֲˡ
ǣͻȻ֮䣬类ҹˡ
仯ǰ˭оԼС־塣
ҹպʹأֲָ˶Ѱ֮ʱͻȻһȽȽƿ˺ڰ˹ޱ޼ʵĹâ˴ء
Ϊ֮һ壬ͷҲ֮ɢ
ڲ˶¶ЦݣΪµ仯ڹȥʱһ峺У쳹أţзɳһֻӴޱȵ
ڷڣµĹâҫأ綼ȼ
־ֲ޷󣬲˶ֵĺ˳ȻЩϣȴûκεƻ
þһǻþ૵ȴֲұ۾
־̫ʵˣ侳ζܵû
طǸסͷ⿴һۣ̲ס˿
ǿǴСŹڷӢ۹³ģȻ֪淨յľһ̾׹⾪˵仯ӦǳԷȻĲС
˵͵ľˣÿһһ붼һͰ
ǷؼĽڣֲĳǵ׾ǿߣ֪İ
֪˶ãǿֲĽʧصĺڰҲ֮ʧ
ûɳһ֮䣬ȻһƬޣԭ̫ǳʧܿģֻޡ
֮УͻȻ䣬һӴ绺ֳɽˮԾ䣬ǿݺᣬ̳ܡ
˴磬Ǹ׵ֻء૵ǰĴ磬Ϥ
ʲô
ãײˡ
ˣǾŵ˼㣬Ϊпٳֻ磬ǻײʹٶȲ죬ǴײױȵĳУȻ˶Ϊ֮Ϣ
ĿܿǸİϣڶݣ˹
~
֪ˣĵڵأҲš
ײһĻûз缴ײһֻ̣ʧˡ
~
һ쳹ؼ䣬Ȼһѳ쳹صĳϴ񷣬µֻȪѾ޽ƺһıǨ
ͻȻѾ޽նһ̣˥ƺն롣
˷ҽУ·Ҳնһ㣬һ壬ز
㷽Ҳɫ԰ףԻع
˵ǣǾ޽ն֮ǻָûµı仯֡

Ȼ۾µн֯ţϤء
Ƭ̺󣬷۾ٴҲʧ
ţ
ɫ΢ܴڽ״̬Բ磬Ҳһ仯Ӱ죬ҲĿܴʲôǶȣӰ죬Ӧ֮ڡ
һڰ׽֯Ĺâӷ𣬻Ϊһڰ⣬̺תۼϯ磬ɨ
ķֻصĽ¡
ܿ죬ڰ׽֯ջأû뷽ڡ
ʲô£
ôڵϣˡ

˶¶ɻ֮ɫǰһ̻ö˶˵ģһ̾ǽ壬ܵʲôŰ㣬ȻɻܿʧҲǻظûκ䷢㡣
ǰ䣬ǵļ׵Ĩȥˡ



1683 ˽
ֻ⡣
ֻص㣬һ⡣
һǰȥ
ȻǸոĨȥⷽ˲ǰļ䣬׾ٵģϾڵ磬㲻϶߼δǿҲԶֻ£Ȼû˿ء
ֻһŷֻصϣȻҡ
ڷԤУԭҪһ磬ҲҪǣʱ䣬ҲΪ
ڣȴĹâУǰ˼󲽡
εջǾ֮૵ֻصĽһ棬淨ϣͬջ񼫷ᡣ
֮㣬ֲãԭľ磬ʮǿȴͶȹһؿ֮죬Ŀɿڴ
ģҪ˵ط淨Ͼǵõ洫һ߾磬ܽڽΪߵĵرĽڶƶʮǿ
淨չ̫ɬѶˣѶȼ
ڳΪʮط۵ʱ򣬱֮Ǳܣǿ˵һƣ꣬ҲûܹɵڶԶǰʱ淨֮ѣͿɼһߡ
⻹洫°빦ˣЩû洫֮ˣɸӼѡ
ȻһĹâ£ȴֱܹơ
Ÿƣѹ롣
ӵڶǿơ
Ľ֮˲ţǷԼϣҲ
ٽʡʮˮĥ򰡡
淨ϵĽ̫ˣڵǣԼľϡҡҡͷЦ
淨طѾ˷ľ硣
ͬǣ˹һ淨ĲԲȴӲһҲһ⣬ܾӡ
ҪתС
ܷӵʵҪȹתʮǿ
תתǰתȫһģȻҲҴ⣬ûгֵİգȥǿȡ
淨Ľģ֮⣬֮
Ӧı仯
ǰ֮һ賤ʱȻѾɳ˷۳ڵļޣʵϣڷĹ۸͵һΣȴûͻһ뵽ڣǻֹͣ˼
ΪϿգһֻɫա
֮
һ˲֮ͬγ˻֮ҲΪˣŻǰǿ󣬺ɨͬߣݺ޵С
Ȼ֮ĳɳǳ˳ڣ֮ĳɳȴ쳣Ļͣ͡
ԴˣҲ⣬֮Ӧ磬Ȼǽ٣֮ȴӦŻ磬ھңԶޱȣȻҲɳ
Щ֮ͣͣеĳɳӰ죬յʱ
ҵ磬֮ͻ֮γƽ⣬һ֮Ƚڣͻƽ⣬ɵĺ»Եģѹ˳ɳ
֮Դڻҵ֮Իᵮ֮ҲΪδҪȥ硣
š
Ψл֮ͬɳ˳ڡ
ʱȥһˡ
ڷļƻڣټ˳ʮ켶ʱܶȹĴˡ
ĽҪʱ䣬طĽͨԴ֮ٶȼӿ죬ʱҲἫ̡
Ҳܸò
ǰʧȥ컯ˮٴοֻϡǵã컯ˮΧļƬˡ
һţͲ֪ʲôʱˡһӣ
~
ƿӰڷǰǴӽʢϻصķͷ⡣
ףոôĶɵģ۾ʵ
ûĨǵļ䣬ǸƽЩǵӰ˺ǻǵá
ͷ˶˷
ʵ̫ˡ
֪ʲôʱҲһز
޵Ľ֣ǰֻ˵жôȴûĻᣬһ·ּҲǲ̻ǻûʱ򣬾ͽ鷳Ҳûʲôֱ۵ĸܡ
ǣո仯һ磬ǺεȵĻֺ룬ġ
ױȵ𺳣˼ǵ
ûѧ·ˡʧЦˣ׼һ£Ҫ뿪ˡ
ĿĻûдﵽô仯һЩ죬Ȼ֦



1684 ڵ֮
ŷͷ⣬ܿ뿪磬飬ҲͱԺˡ
еǰķҲͽȣඥҪѰټûôˡ
պһڣͷδɵƻ
Ȼǰػ˵һжƻҲûмжһ̵߽Ůһ߰׼š
ѷ£ڵڶʱЧ΢ǷôԲߣϵѾˣʹòЧûȫӳϾµҲǺܴŲ㹻ֲˡ
ʣһţԱʱ֮衣
˵֮ǱǴɣἫӰ쵽δͷ˭ܹ˵ôء
ϸҲʮط۵ƴ
ҲÿαǱܣʵϾһ淨ȴǧѣʹǱǱܣҲһӽ̫࣬ջԶʧȥΣҪ˵
֮Ǳܱѹե̫࣬ʹ֮飬׵ĴԭΣǰĿܡ
ǣǵͷ˻ô
ڽ磬Щʮطۡ
ûƴ֮ģᱣ䣬ȻԸⱬ֮ǱܣҴ󲿷˳Ѿãڹǵ֮;ܲ

˻ص˲˴硣
ͷĳɳǳ֮ȫ̥һ㣬ڷľ£ܵõĽ̵
ʵ۽Ҳǽȡ
ҲʱؽˣʺĵطΪŮʸؽģֻ῿ǰȴҲ˷Ĳ٣Ͼʱʱǡ
ߵǽ֮ڵؽ磬ҲжӰ죬ȵһʵ뽣磬Ҳǲԡ
ȥؽǰ׼ڲ˴һʱա
ķ룬лѩҲĽһȥʱվãŮǲȥؽģ˵˴͵Ǽҡ
ͷҲҪһЩʱգЩ
Ҳǡ
硣
һ̤ⷽ磬һ˽ĵطһƬ𺣡
ֻ˵
ʵԽǿ󣬷ԽܸӦĿֲľ
ǧʱ⣬Զýڵɢ
ǰţڽԽѪҺһЩڱȴǸҿģǱߵϢ̫ˡ
ֻǷվһȴֻûκζҲûиӦлĴڡ
ǻеĴ˵磬ѾĴҲһĻй²ָֻѪģһЩࡣš
Ҳ˵Χǲָˣֻܿ壬ϣ
Ӱ챻Ǽǡ
䲻ǧĽڣ̺ĻǼܱġ
㴳ȥΣ֮Ҳǿ֪
Ƭ̣¶֮ɫ΢Żȥ
ΧĻ𺣣ɴЩ¶Է˿첻Ӱ죬һ㵭ɫ棬ͬһ㣬һӴĽɫڷǰ
ǽڵ֮ء
ڵѪʳ۳ӴĽɫǰģĽѪ
~
ֲͬɽХŷ䣬ƺ裬Ұ˻ħԣ˾嵽˼㡣
ʮط¹ɫйˢԽ֮
һЩ׳

ߵĵر֣Լ䣬ʱ쳹ѹһ÷ǰһ壬ߵĵرǿȻԶδָǿıʣڶԿĽʱȴ࣬ųԷĶš
˵ڽó
ڽɫ˵أ˭֪һó᲻췭ظı仯
ҫǰȥ
ɫӴĳԷٶȣ˲߸أɫϣ˴죬ȴҲԶûпͷ
ǽڵ֮أͲ磬Գɿռ䣬п쵽˼ߵĲ棬ܼ֮
Ӵ磬Ҳǲ
ɫСֻҪǿд棬϶ҵڵʬ壬ھͲ˵ˡ
֪óȻʲô˵ͻв֮ա


1685 
ӴĽɫϷâһ
Ѿٷ˺ܾãȻĿȴһɲĽɫġ
һͨĴ磬ҲܴӶɵˣ֮أȴԶԶûпͷ˵ĿǰΪֹҲż˱ɽһǣ֣ѹһʧΧĳûвظҪɣǲôãͬһطת
ɫɽڵѪ۶ɣӴ󣬿󣬽ڵӴ˺ֵز
ʹһ磬ڽǰʮСɡ
һȴӴ飬
侲ĻȴҲ⣬˵飬Ļǵ֮ӴҲǲ⣬£Ĳô󣬽ΪʹСˡ
ڽ䣬Գɿռ֮أȴʧȥԼÿһѪһɽҪӴÿһͬһ½֮أһ硣
£۳ôĽɫҲ֮С
Ǵ˵̾Ϣʵ֮Ҳǿ֮ϡ٣ռ䡣
~
ͻȻƿ𣬴˷˼·ĽɫըһӴĺӰŷûֲĸ¾ӭ
̤˵غ󣬷һֱȫעȻӰǰûаףһɫȴ̱ն˲佫֮ѣΪ׹
ǱһնɱĺӰһֻչ׵Ļ񣬻Ź棬Щơ
ϡ
ɫûжٱ仯
ǵ󡢲رȵأǿۣ顢飬ڵ֮أ֪֮ǿ٣Щʱ⣬Ҳ㹻鵮ˡ
ֻһ׹䣬񻰹ҲŸǿݺأΪ
ȵ˵ľŹƽ
ȵ󣬽ڱᣬ֮ʧЩҲ֮ɢڣͲɱĻǡ
һЩĵڽڵʬǸȻ飬˵ڵʬҲǲԶˡ
ʮطۣҲûһ֮
עӵļУ˵ӰЩƣɫһУʹʵ֮Ҳ޷͸
նֻЩʶ˷ǿûٳ֡
ûãǰһֻɫĺϣڳһһĵطôãĿǽɫһֱɫϾͱע⵽
һӰޱߵĽɫϣͬһµ
ڵʬǣ۾һ׹ȥ
ű˴˼ľѸٿҲǿ˺ӰĿһ飬·ֲϢֱ
޷жϣڽϵһ֡
Ͼ֮أһѪҺӴɽһͬ½˭Ҳ֪ССһ飬ʲô
ҲҪѾȷǽڵʬǣſؿڵĻ΢΢һƺܵʬǵ
~
Ȼһȴͱһ㣬ԭٹĻȻǵذӺ·𣬳׺ֻ֮ࡣ
Щ񵥸ʵǿֻз۷嵽ʼ޵ĳ̶ȣֿ֮࣬ԷʵҲֻҪһЩֽţЩв٣ͨǿ׳һصģʵֱ۳ڵļ𣬾ֻռʮ֮һҲ÷˿⡣
ˡ
ˡ
ֻһ֮ܳܵģǵĹ£ܱߵĽɫ˾κˣ籩ϯķ
~
һ˻ӽɫﻺһֻӴĻ񿥷ǳųβᣬһ֣Ļʱ˹·裬ʬΧס
ֻĿ䣬˻ŷ
ڣһһķڡĿ΢ܴ¸Ӧʵӽ˷ۺڵļ𣬼ʹȣҲ˶٣ټֻԱԶ֮ϣ޷С
Щ鵮ڴˣǳĴ⣬ǵ˼Ҳܲ³
˵أǵĵ̣ߡ
û´ĻӦǱԵشĽʬǶò£˵ġ
ԥѡӲ
~
֣ǰٷȥӽʬǡ
ŭſ³һҫ̫֮˷ҲǷ׷³һ͵غ˹
ΧƺıˣۿЩҪڷϡ
ϢģͻȻˣһӴޱȵǿջ֣ȡΧĽɫΪΨһ



1686 ɺ
ǿ֮Уһɫֳ̨
ֻ̨
һ֣ȡ˵ǰ磬˽ɫͻȺʱ뵽ǿա
ͻı仯Ȼ⣬ѡӲʱʹֻ̨ӡǣٻֻ̨֡
ֻ̨֮ϣ͵ڲ֮أʥµĹˡ
Ⱥǿƣ³һƲסֻ̨ϣȴ˿ۼû£ǳֻ̨ľʮ㡣
һ
û뵽ôͼˡ΢ЦƳۣڻı仯ĻȺһΣΪ˴ء
Ҫ֪Ǵ˾ʮ㣬Ŀǰߵļ¼ʮҲֻѣھʮԺҪһ㣬޲죬һٻҲûȥ꣬ȴǲΪô̵ʱ˴ص
ٻֻ̨ãʵǰЩȺ֤
ٻ㣬Ϊ˱˳ҲءЦЦ
ˣҪٻֻ̨
Ͼͷõڴ˵صģָ
öڵؽ򴩻ٵ磬Ҳʹąֻ̃õѡһΣٻֻ̨ԷҲ˳͸˽֤ʹǴ˵֮أֻ̨Ҳȥ硣
ţֻ˵֮أڵʵҪﴳЩ߿ܣȻ
ǵڶˣȻİ
˵ͷ֪˵ûд˵֮أʥݺȥڵʵȷʵżգȴǵȲôá
֮ظܣеĿģΪ˻֮ĳɳǲȥ̫ĵط
ȥһ𣿡˵
ֻֻ̨ϲ£ǷԼǲȥġ
Ǻĵӣȥǰκһ㡣ߵ˵ͷҲǺĵӵȨ֮һ
һӣһŴӾʮ˵һ㣬Ҳû飬ֱ̤˹ţֻ̨ĵһ㣬ߵһıԵܿǿʬǾǰԶƺֿɼ
ȻȴǸʬϵҲ˿ֻ̨ڵĻҲûκζ
˫ǴͬĲ棬˴˼ȫûн
ЩĹ򲻵ϣͬģҲʬǡ
Ϊ߲֪ʱҲڵһ㣬վڷԡ
û׼õǴȨƿֻ̨
ֻ̨Щ˲ֺԷļƻ棬Ψһİ취ƿֻ̨ı״
ΪĵӺ󣬷ƿһֻ̨
áûоܾҲǷȨ
Ȼ׼֮ʱͻȻ¶ɫ֣ʲôӡ
ôȵ
ոһλĵٻҡ¶Ϊ֮ɫǱߵԶ߸ӼѣλĵҪõʥһҪȫԸ٣¹˼ˡ
ôɡҲһ㶡
ʸٻֻ̨˲࣬ͬһʱٻģ֮٣ټϣ˻ǺĵӣǺ˼㣬ҲֹֻһΡ
ֻ̨˵ԻǧͬʱӦ˵ٻֻ̨վҲһôĪ⣬Ҳÿһһǽֻ߶ˣ𴦵ȻҲˡ
һԣĵӵȨԶһ֮ϡ
ٻֻ̨ĵطڽڵ֮أ͸ɣʵϣٵߵҲǼ࣬͸
һ٣Ȼ޷ά֡
뿪Ļ߻ôʵ
һȽ͵ȫ֮ء߻ش
ôһ˵ҲͷˣûǣΧһȺ
ȥһ㣬Ҳûʲô˵ģߣֲǱ뼱һʱģȫԵȴһλĵ˵֮䲢ûʲôͻ
ȵȣʥһ
ɫͻȻһ뵽һˡ
û˵λĵ˭ʥһȴò÷ɡ
ܾεҪôʥҪôǼΪǿʮطۡ
ǺҲͰˣǰߣϾ뵽ˣƮ֮λʥһ÷׹磬ٲ
ûǣֻǰʵ࣬һֱлĻԲŹ
λĵӣ浽мλʥ˴ͬʱٻֻ̨ģǺˣȷǣƮ֮ĻǷΣɣٻֻ̨



1687 
ڷλĵ棬ʥԲࡣ
ɳʥһ𣬻ҲͶˣתޱ淨ǹƣ߾磬˲ǵӵϼѡ
ֻ̨ѡ֮ʱӦҲᾡıܿʥ
ߵ˵ʥδֻ̨ĻֱӾܴһٲ㣬ҲͲΪֻ֮ĵӡ
񣬺ĵʥǳΪֻ֮ĵӺ󣬲ųɾʥģͲͻˡ
Ȼֻ̨ѡӣһǧ
磬һǧΪʥˣҲôĹ⼸ûһֻصļǲǺĵ֮һ
˵ʥΪ֪˻УԲ࣬ǶǺĵӵĿԣ΢΢ڲܡ
˷Ϊλĵ棬ʥ٣пܣֻƮ֮ôһλ
뵽λƮ֮Ц
λƮ֮Ī⣬Ķʦ壬ǰǿʮطۣӡУλʥѾãٰƮʢᣬȻӡģҲֻΰˣƮ֮ĹǱĨһ֣ʥҲԿ͸
Ϊ޲
λĪʥ¸ûôϡ
֮ȷ϶Էݣ뵽Ҳԥ
˵أͻȻһ
λĵͬʱٻ˭˭󣿡ߣ׷ʵܲ󵽰ɣ
Ȼ֮ȴҲǲܣΪһʹΪ˻Է£ҲҪ
ֻ̨ܻǧͬʱӦٻûȺ֮֡˵Ȼ֪ҪʵĲǼλĵӶҪֻ̨ʹֻܹ˼һȻȨ޸ȡ
Ȩޣָֻ̨ϵλ𣿡ʵ
λøߣԼȵţȨ޸ߡߵ˵ͷ
ô˵ĻȨޣôܸ߹λĵӣʮǺĵӵżŸո̤룬ҲǾʮ㣬ȷ絽ȨɸߣҲ˵ǿΪ֮Ļδػᡣ
ÿλĵӶǼΪҪģһԣᳫĵӻ˼ߵ
Ǻǣ̸ôᣬǱѵ𣿡Ц
ûΣĹͷ߽͵
Ļ˼˼
ÿλĵӶҪģڻһĵӣ߸ϻֱӾͻὫתȥһǺĵӣҲλҪԲͬն
ȣҲҪȵͬ⡣
Сʱʱ䡣֣صСʱͻȨ޸Ϊˡ
ͻڼҲǲӣɾѰ˰Ҳֻ˵̫ˣҺλĵӼһ棬ٿ˭һͻȻ
һλĵӣǷͻ룬ֻ̨Եӵı̶ȣ̫ܴӦ÷ǣ룬Ȼͬˡ
Э̽ٺòÿλĵӶҪġظһ顣
˻ᣬλĵƺҲͬˡ
ԶͻȻһģӰһĻҲףΪʲôͬˡ
ǾһŤĹţ⿴ͷֱ治ԷŮ
ͬʱҲӦκε
ʹǿʥֻ̨ϣߡ
СôĵӡӰˣеҲǷֺǻ̺ŭȴĸܵ
ʲôڱǰ룿ûȶԷڣĮȻ
㵽˭ݺǧ꣬ˣһѡ̷ٻձҵؽң֮ء
˫ֱͬħΨһϧǣԷӦÿ
ӰĬ¡
š
û˳ŭ𣬿ƽǸӵĿ£ֻ̨֣ԷݵĻ»ĵɥ
ӰȥʧȻԷҲǷ֣ƾв죬ڲԷ̬Ⱥѡ˷
̸ˡ
̯̯֣ȴûа֮ɫ
ûҪͶԷһ¡
ߵıܹĺܺãԷ˭ֻܴӼٵĶԻУ²һ
ڣжҲ˽
˾ŲʮˣƮ֮Ŀ
ڱ˴˶֪Էݵ£Էһ仰С֡
ӶԷ
ô˵ˣҪôǼΪϣͷǳĴҪôǿޱȣΪϡ
ںߣΨʥݵ
λĵӣӦŭ¹ģĵһ仰ȻΣ˻͸¶ϢҲ࣬һСŶȼߡ
ҲʶˣԶʧûмϻֻһ䣬š
ʼգĮ͸ܸ߰оĵ
Կ϶ԷмһλʥпܾƮ֮ȻˣͲöԷù
ֻҪҵȨޱߣӦң԰ɡһߵߡ


1688 ע
ûĿǰΪֹλĵӵȨ֮ϡߵ˵ͷ
û͸¶λĵӵľ
˵ˣֻ̨ͻ֮ʱ߻֪ͨˣӾȴ˵ͻ֮˭ڵҲࡣ
ܲ³Լı£߲ܣֻѭŹ¡
ǾͿ˭Ȩ޸߰ɣһаСʱŶԣСʱˣʼذɡ
أ
һ㶡
ҪȨϣλĵӣҲֻôһ취ˡ
ǣôҲһӴ߲㣬ʮԺѶȵԶԶ֮ǰ
Ȼտʼ˵˳㴳أȴûһ£Ͼ̫ʵôΪٻֻ̨ڴأ˳·Ϊ˷һλˡ
ڷȴϣڴϣһ㶼ãؾǹأʹٲãȻˣͻӡ
һŴӾʮ̤ϣת۾ͻص˾ʮ㡣

¡¡¡¡
߲ʰ쵵Ĵ󺣲Żص
Ʈ֮վһµϣɫ
Χ߲ʴ󺣣ؼΪֲ֮һʹʥԺɣȻԽΣ֮أԽо˵棬һɹ߲ʴ󺣣ջĺôƮ֮һ㡣
ﱸʮ꣬׼֣˴Уһʧ
ʱ߲ʴѾ֮Ʈ֮Ķ׼Ҳӽľ߲ʴͶµԱָ״̬Ȼ߲ʴ󺣵ʴ£µҲ֧Ų˶á
Ʈ֮׼·̣׼ƿֻ̨ȹ
ʥƿֻ̨ӳǿޱȣֻֻ̨֮λģĪ⣬·ԶûмޣȻȹ߲ʴ󺣡
ȻƮ֮ôû뵽¾㱸ʱ̣ȴƫƫֻ̨֮ϡ
˭
Ʈ֮Ŀ֮λĵӺ޵˹
Ȼλĵӣͬʱٻֻ̨ǴδйĵһΣҲ˴ֲ
Ʈ֪֮Է˭᲻ϧһдۣԷɱ
ֻϧǿҲ޷͸ֻ̨֪һ˵
λĵӣ⣬֪˴ˡ
ղĶݽУԷԳƱķǳȥϹһƮ֮ȴǸš
֪Լڼŭ£ʧȥ侲͸¶һЩϢǶԷûС
¶ģ˶Ŀˡ
ˣڲǼƽЩʱ򣬴ƿֻ̨ؽҡƮ֮
ǫֻ̂ܣҪҵˣûôס
Ʈ֮ģֻҪ߲ܵʴ󺣵ı˰ԼаգڽʱУϾʮ㣬ΪееĵһˣһȣȣֱȫõݴС
ҪģȺ߲ʴ󺣡
飬ҪעƮ֮߹ͨ
ͬʱɫڣ߽ס׼صķλĵӣ׼ٻǿٻ㲻ٻĻһӦǱߡ
Ҳ˵صʱ䶼ûˡ
Ŷɫ΢
ߵĻҲ⣬ĵͬʱٻֵֻ̨ĿԼͣȷʵǴš
ٻ֮ˣʮ𼱣Ҫֻ̨ȨȴȲһˣڶԷõ£ǱĿ
ͬΪĵӣĵٻΪȣ£ٿȨ޸ߡ߽͵
㻹ûоϣһ뿪
Ҽעԥͷٻв١
λĵӳٻϵ
Ҹ
Ϥۣͬ˫£۸ߵá
Ӯˣ㲻Ǻ̧ʵ
㣬ΪʧҲᱻ۵һٻĴˡߵ
˭Ӯ븶ۣȻֻ̨ǲ֧־۷ʽģ˹
ҲĴΣٻֻ̨ӦܹҪΣʵ
Ȩ޵ߣóһٻܵࡣ
Ҳǣ˴ٻ
ֻҪϻѾŴٻڰ˴ΣȨޱȶԷֻ̨ͣѡӦԼ
ˣ̫ǡҡͷ̾Ϣ
ûԥ
һΣûмԷļλȻٻѾǶԷļޡ
ʮԺÿһܵõʮٻǰʣ򲻻ۻԷһóһٻǴѪˣǰٻֻ̨Ϊ̡
ŵķΧֻ̨ţٻļֵϢ
ǷˣóٻԶģʣעˡ
߿ŷ
˵һֹۣٻֻصԭ㡣
ǷóʮһٻͱȨ޸߹λĵӣȻһãٻҲװʧȥΣʧء



1689 ֻ
߲ʴ󺣡
Ʈ֮Ŀ䣬еĺ⻯ΪʵʣΧĴ˾κˡ
ʱŭ˼㡣
ôû뵽Լٻע֮󣬶Է
Ҫ֪ٻֻ̨Ĵ
ʹƿֻ̨Ĵޣֻ̨Ī⣬򷨲֣ʥȫһҲԽ֮ٻֻ̨Ĵ൱ʥȫ֣͵εıᡣ
ǺεȵҪؼʱֵ̣޿ɹ
óٻѾҧѪˣΪ߲ʴ󺣸Ҫջ󣬲ŻԥǶԷΪʲôΪһ
Ʈ֮к޼
ͷٻĻκԥͶ룬ǣȴûˡ
ǰĴۻܹҲֻʮΣǰζԸ֮ʱѾ˴ۣõ˼ٻټģóģҲֻΣѾȫȥȴҲûнԷˡ
˭˭ӮٻʧΣΡ
ƾʲôˡ
֪˭Ʈ֮˵ıʮﻮòߵһȴΪ¶һζʲȥ
ϣ
˵ԷȨ޲ԼֻҪڽʱǲֻ̨߲㣬ӮĻԼһиֵõġ
Ʈ֮ӿϣûʱ

֪Ʈ֮ھʲôȷλĵӰ˾ŲʮƮ֮£⣬ҪöԷĿա
ԷԽļԽע˵ٻֻ̨֮£ҪƻҲǸж
Щȫֵõġ
ٻû
ֻҪϸ߲㣬ǰûõĴ㣬ҲǺôȫ⣬עͷٻв٣һֱ㵽ס
Ҫʣûģϸ߲㣬𰸺ǿ϶ġ
Ĺâҫ£淨ǲϸ߲㣬Ҳûߵֻ̨۷ˡ
ߵһ
߿ŷƽϹţ̤˾ʮһ㣬Ҳǲɲ
ʮһ㣬ĵʲô˵ʵûκӡ
һΣ̤Ͼʮ㣬ΪĵһΣֻǵҰܶǹھʮһĿݣȴһ㶼ǵˡ
ʮ㵽ʮ㣬ǶϿ֮ߣʮ㵽ʮ㣬ֻ硣
ôʮԺأ
ɻ󣬷̤˾ʮһ㣬ţΧһһƾé֮УݶŶദڣԿ⣬ͽıڣªᣬڸڵķŲȼյżżԣ˵
һ˼ҡ
ֻ磿ɫһⲻ硣
ǰʶĳʮֻأոյֻ̨֮ʱſ飬һֻг١
һصʧȥˣΪһͨˡ
ѵ˵ʮԺĿ飬عڳʼҪֻأ
ȵȣԣҵļ仹ڡ͵һʶһ㣬ǵúԼзǲ˴Ľǵ״ӣʥʮطۣ¡
ǣֻؿ飬ȴʧȥ˼䣬ʶֻ쳣󣬼𽥻ع飬ֱֻ֮һûһʼʧ䡣
ǾʮԺĿ顣
棬Ŀģֻڵķ
ʱֻؿ鲻ͬʱֻ綼ٵģУ쳣ͼҲ𽥻ع飬ǾʮԺ󣬽Ķʵ磬ĳ˵ǶʵģΪöѡ
Уζᷢκ쳣ΪǱʵ磬λ֮С
޴ѳ޿ӱܣֻʵֻ沨󣬻һεֻأֱ۵ĲľŻ뿪ҲζŴʧܣͬʱֻصļӰ죬Ҳᱻͬι޺ۣԲŲǵÿݡ
̾Ϣţ΢΢ҡͷ
ֻ֮ʱȻ˲⣬ֻضֻضˣᱻĥ
һֶΣһ涼ô֮ţôǿޱȣҲֻ磬ʮطһʥһҪֻҰ취Ҳûκ壬ʹʵֻͷΪǿߣҲ޷룬գֻһֻذˡ
ҪѣΨнֻ
˵ͻȻסˣȻһڰ׽֯⣬̺
ֻ⣬Բۡ



1690 ʮ
ֻ̨飬ֻ֮߶꣬ʶ㣬ʲôûмеԾĶѾˣȻʱڿϳĺڰ⣬ȴ鼤̲סһֿڡ
Ҳֻжôǿ󣬿ǳڷϣȴޱȡ
ǿǷϾʮ꣬õֻص㲻ãôʱ䣬ﲻǵָɲǣôʳɫˣҲ޿ܣôʱֵֻز
ֱǣ˼
һʲôǳģ򣬲ܽ˹侲
۳ֻ⣬𾪵˼㣬Ҳãʺֻصˣ¾Ϊ淨ˣҲ֮죬Ͼֻصĵ㣬̫ɬѶˣûǿƮ֮λʥûߵʮĲ
ڰ˰ٶǰ˵һλĵӳ֣ǧ֮ˣҲֻֻ̨ߵʮ㡣
Ӿʮ㿪ʼ֮ѣɴ˿ɼһߣܳɾ͵ġ
ΨһĽͣǷųĴһǧ
ֻһҪƳʮһĿ飬ȫ̽ȡ
ֻڵķ߲¶һ˿Цֻ̨ѡ⻹ǵһ׾ȥʮϿ֮ˡ
ֻȥʮһĿ飬ȫѹ
ֻڣʶֻأһʩչҲûԥֱ۳ֻ⡣
ҪͨʮĿ飬ģֻصݣֻ⣬ʮֳǰݣ̺ĺڰһֻʱģĲ鿪֧顣
ھʮһ㡣
ôͨˣ̤ʮһ㣬ҲЩ
ͨصٶҲ̫ˣһоûУֻһֱƳˣ÷Щš
ݣֻʵһ㶼ûᵽ
㡭߳ԣҡͷ
ֻ⻤ֻضǰЩֻʵҲûκ壬Ǹͳܲסֻ⣬˷һֻˡ߽͵
˵ͷ׹̫ǰˡ
ҪҲΪĹâҫ£ֻصĽ̫ࡣ
ɡܡ
ʮһ㣬Ѵ֮ʹ˹ȥҲûֹͣ뷨Ʈ֮δֹھʮһ㣬Ҳжౣա
ﻹжٻˣֻҪȨϲ·ˡ
ԶԷļȺͲϧһٻҪȻҪŬ֮ƻ

Ʈ֮ĵȴţһߵĽ
߲ʴ󺣲ӿµĹµۿɼٶСţάֲ˶á
һµʧû֮أƮ֮ͱֱ߲ʴ󺣣ʵ֧һȻҪǰɵ˰ȴǻΪӰˡ
ʮ׼ǰ·ѾľִƵܴᣬΨһָֻ̨ϡ
ҵӮ滹Ǻܴġ
λĵӴصʱ䲻࣬ͨ飬ҲҪʱģʹԷܴ߲㣬ȻʱĻҲ޼£ӮȻԼ
Ʈ֮ѸȨš
ʱ
˴ֻ̨ʮһ㡣ߵڶƮ֮һӦⲻֻģǴʸϢˡ
磬ӵϢˣ޲ͣͷ飬¶֮ɫ
˴ʮһ𣿡
֪еһλ
һλʸϵĺĵӳ̾ϢͨߵĲʾԲ³ʮ֮ÿһ㣬мλĵӣĿǰΪֹλĵУλͣھʮ㡣
Ʈ֮иһʱϢģ룬϶ǸԼԶĵĺĵˡ
ԭֻǾʮ֮һƮ֮
Էܴʮһ㣬Ҳ̫⣬Ǻʮİպ󣬴ʮһҲ֮Уû̫ϡ
ǣƮ֮ھʮ㡣
˫Ĳ࣬࣬ȫƵ֮𣬾Ƕ̶ʱվġ
ѵԷڴʮһͣĴʮ㣿
޿ܡ
ӮˡеһɨգƮ֮д󶨣ûע⵽ǰͶӰϣ¶Щ
ǾʮһļһҲҲҽϾڳزϧһнҳ
Ʈ֮Ŀ䣬зӿͷ
Ȼȴŵֻ̨ȴٳûгֱ֣һĮڶ
˴ֻ̨ʮ㡣
Ʈ֮Ŀˡ



1691 
ʮ㣬ôܡ
ʲôӣո˴˾ʮһ㣬˴˾ʮ㡣
磬ӵ֪ͨϢˣ޲𾪵˼㡣
ʮ㡢ʮͻƣֵ飬ǣǾʮ㰡ʮ궼ûھʮκνǺ飬Ȼڣ̶ʱڣǰӣȴھʮͻơ
Ǻεȵĺ
һ̨֮Уŵӳ䣬ĿͻȻ͵۾¶ǵĹâ񷡣
ֻ̨
ûԥѡٻ
̨ͤ¥ɽˮͬ˼ɾ羰续֮أһʱӶ֮߳һŮӣƮãƲ䣬촽˵ֻ̨֣
çأ̳ܣеһУһͷ׵ɫ΢ͻվһʱرɫ޾ء
ֻ̨
д
һϣͬ˼Ӻһòʱ̶ڷ仯꣬ҲǷͷԼͬٻֻ̨
ˣһǺĵӡ
Ʈ֮ڣλĵȫٻֻ̨
ǰδе飬ҲʵǣεĴسɹǴ̫𶯣ȵҪ˽һѣ޷㡣
߻ǧӦǵٻʹĻ̫ǿ޷ֳֻ̨֣Ʈ֮һ㣬ȴҲͶӰ١
ô£
ʮһ;ʮģǲͬһˣΪ
Ʈ֮侲æ׷ǰͶӰ
߸Ϣʱû˵˭˾ʮһ㣬˭˾ʮ㣬ˣȻ֪ϣãƮ֮Ǳһͷ
˵ԼԶĵλĵӴ˾ʮһ㣬̼˱ˣһĵҲأӾʮһ㴳˾ʮ㣬ֿȷʵߣǣѵһӾʮ㴳ʮ㣬𡭡
Ʈ֮Ͳţ졣
Уһϣ
ôⶼ˵ֲ֪˭߳ĬƮ֮ŭ
кüλĵͬʱѯʣǺǣȻˣɡ
ͻȻЦ
һӣʱһӰǰֻ̨ϵĻ棬Ʈ֮һĿʶ˾ʮ㣬ȵͫ׶ʱ
ֻֻ̨һˣվھʮλá
һˣֻһˡƮ֮ૣһ׹˹ȵס
ֻ̨ϵһĿȻֻһڴأҲ˵֮ǰƾʮһ;ʮģһΪˡ
Ʈ֮
Ȼ˾Զ֮ˣڴ˾ʮ㣬硣
ӡŮӡͷ׵ߡλĵӣҲ˾ʮķ𺳲ѡ
һΪ㡣
⣬ôܡ
ǲԼ۾żȻĸоʲôʱ򣬾ʮҲɴˡ
ȵȣûͣ£ˡ
ѵ봳ʮ㡣
ɫ䡣
һʮһ;ʮ㣬ǲˣٴʮĻʲôȫ޷ݡ
ңҪ֪Ŀǰλĵӣֻ̨ϣҲߵʮѡ
˴سɹһԾΪǰߣھʮλĵӲһ
Ʈ֮ĸǾʹʥҲԱеĻҡ
ʮ㣬û׾
ϾͬΪʮ㣬ȴȥģȨǿռȣȻʮ㣬ֻõʮٻǰעΣ᲻Ҳδ֪ټʮΣҲδãóʮһٻϾס
ãϣ
ǣ緽ʮ㣬ôǱɡ
Ʈ֮ǿҵϣʧܣҲûϣٳһʮ֮ˣǿĶ֡
Ȼ̬ķչȴǵ־Ϊתơ
ǿ壬ݣڷ뿼֮ʱֻܽȴš
΢΢ͷ
ѭŹ£ȴҲûô壬ΣĴкĵӶйעŵģΪЩĵдٽãŻ¡
Щʶ׿֮׷ϣŻΣУĶҲ㣬⿴ģὫͻƣֻ̨߲ϢݸˣҲǳĿģΪ˸õľ
֪˶ãʮʮ꣬ļټ䣬˿ʮӰһΣ
ɹˡ
ͬľ



1692 Ѫ
λĵӿųھʮķʧ
ǼԼ۾
Ӿʮ㿪ʼһ·ʼأ㴳˾ʮһ㡢ʮ;ʮ㣬Ҳδɵ׳٣Ѿ漣ˣ񻰡
˭
Ӵлعʵ
⣬ҲҵΪ֮ǰֻ̨ʮˣееһʹڣҲȵԵʣȻǵһˡ
ȻôӴˣҲش⣬ÿĵӵǾܣ͸¶
˷ӦҲͬѯʵģûһܵõ𰸡
ھʮˣʮ꣬̽꣬ʮ˵زѵ˵ʺֻ֮ˡ
ͷ׵૵
ʸϣֻ̨ѡûþͨ˿飬Ϊڶ֮һǧ꣬һҲֻ̨ߵʮ㣬ɼ淨֮ѡ
߾ܲ͸¶ӵϣôͨߵͨжҲǵϾʮĺĵӣעĿꡣ
磬ͨ˴˾ʮһ㣬˵ԭʮϵĺĵӣӦһˡ
ڴжϡ
ھʮ󣬱仯ֻ̫̫ҪǳΪĵӵʱ乻ʹжˣȻЩ˵˭ֲġ
ͷ׵߾ͼǵãӾʮ㴳ʮһͨѾʮûˡ
ʮˣʮˣ̵ģǰķ
ʶľ뵽ˣ񻰰㴳صģȻǸʮˣڲŸյķûڡ
߽˾һǻཻϾͻ֪ĵ˭
ھֻܲ²ˡ
УƮ֮ڣԥΪ϶ʮλĵӣֻ˲Լ
ʹ˱ǲ̫ԶˡŮ΢΢̾Ϣ
Ȼû˵жҲƵͷΪܵ𶯡
öģλĵ֮ˣΪдֻ⡣
΢Цţοˡ
˵ȴһûǶ٣ֻ̨عֻ̣˭ܵһߵһٲ㣬˭洫Ҳֻ̨ˡ
ʱŬ
ⷬ˶ʱ˿бϵĲ࣬ǶǵĴ̫ˣȣȫûʤĿܣǶٻָЩġ
ͬʱߵĿҲﵽˡ
˶ǿҵΣУٲ˿и
ֻأֻ̨·ϣŬһ٣һȣȣһץϣͻһǿޱȵʧ֮ۡ
ȥɣûʲôÿˡ
λĵ뿪ˣƮ֮ȴǻع񣬷˾ʮ㣬ȨѾˡ
ôʱأ
ȴʱޱȣһͰȻʵϣȴֻȥûá
ֻ̨ûӦٻµĹµҲһС룬һж˵أСʱû
ˡ
Ʈ֮ɫѿ˼㣬ߵͶӰһĿǰ˷۱װٻȴʲôûõ
ҲͰˡ
Ʈ֮ôҲʥֻϵĽ޷ֻ̨ӳ̫ʵٻҪǣһ޷ʹֻ̨߲ʴ󺣣ʮľ׼ǧߵѪΪУش졣
ɫף¹µԽԽСֲϯƮ֮ɲǼ԰ֽһѪÿһѪҺɢſֲϢܻ죬أȻ߲ʴȴǲ
Ҳɱ㣬ĲΪˡƮ֮תȥ
ɫֻ̨
Ӱھʮ㣬ҲζţʮĲĳʧܡ
֮ǰһʮĲĿݣҲһ㶼ǵˡ
ҲֻⷽǳۣĹâ֣ΧƬţԶ޷һ죬ܴӾʮһʮ㣬ѾǾ׵ĽˣƵǰ޹ˣҲδػкߡ
ȹϲ㴳˾ʮ㣬ΪĿǰ֮ˣܳңٻȻʮΣٻõβڡ΢Цųԡ
Ʈ֮ļעȻ
ηһ㣬ճһĻǻʮΣΪֲʧٻõΣûнȥ



1693 ֻ̨֮
˵ͷ
ڰСʱѾȥֻ̨ߣ˵ԼʤˣٻĴۣȻǱ븶ģʮٻȻ֮ϲˡ
Խֻ̨ٻԽҪǰĲΪͻףÿʮŻõµٻҲˣǾʮԺÿͻһ㶼ǧѣԽԽӽ㣬ѶҲԽ󣬺ķѵʱǳɱ
ʱУЩٻԵøҪˣȲ˵ֻ̨ҪٻΣգ͸ӵ˷Ѳá
𿴷ɣһ㣬ȴа⡣
컯ˮһֻصĽͲ֪ʲôʱˡ
أʵ
ʮ㣬ֻôôǾʮ֮
Ȩޣڶλеڶһˡߵ
ȴʮǵһ⣬Էȵߣơ
һŶĺôȷΪһ˺֪Ŭѵ
΢ɹȴҲô⡣
ֻؿûôףǹƾŬгɹġ
λĵôȻھʮ㣬˵ĺôϣķ棬Ҳ̫ĽҲȥɣѡȴ򣬰ԼĲ
Ҳվее߲㣬㿪ʼһӭͷϣߵĸλѾη塣
ʮͬھʮǰѶȾͻƱüѣŶеĽ߼˵һʮ㣬ֻ̨ܴղУȡһ
ǰÿʮеģȴ㡣
ȻԷ˵ȻңԶֻ㣬ȴԶɼ
ϧˡ̲סЩź
뿴ûһ컯ˮϣ˿ա
Ļһ컯ˮĿԣǼΪãģϴھʮʱõһΣ˴˵ġ
컯ˮ󣬺ֻܶ˵ȴûĿã컯ˮԱ档
ǻɫʹǰҲǼ治ʶҲֲͱƮ֮ȡˡ
ȻȡһǾʮÿһ㣬һΣƿֻ̨Ļᣬ㴳˾ʮ㣬ԭǴΣĴΣ㡣˵ĺô
һ
ȷʵǼĺôˣֻдʮ㣬ΪĵӲܵõһƿֻ̨Ļᣬû뵽ÿһ㶼ܵõһΡ
ִǶ˵룬ȴõˣֹһΡ
ĴδεʹҲˡ
ȻˣǾͿʼɡջ񣬰ע·ǰٻֻ̨ΪǰĽʬǡ
עˡߵ
һ̣ͻȻоԼֻ̨λڲͬĲ棬¾ֻ̨ȴ޷
ߣȴԶġ
Ŀȥ˼Ϊ˵һĻУֻ̨ɳıɢȥȻųɹâһϣֻ̨ܱĻת类ٳ
ǡ֮һ棬Ӧκֻ̨ܣҲֻܲٵһ֣Ĳ޷޷֪ɣûһ˲仯Ϊҽ
ߵĵر֮Ȼգɢâһִܿơ
ǵı̫ǿˡ
Ҫִƣͱͨİ취ֻ̨һϣ֮У̬ܶãܷӵĽ΢һЩܡ
ߵͻȻ뷽УҲǸӦһɰ嫣ȴ翵ڣڡ
ͬʱҲֻ̨ϵоԼƿж䣬пٳߵ˾ͷ
;綼̫ˣҪõĳԣӰ쵽δĳɳ߸
ѾʧΪ飬ֻ̨Ϊһ塣
סҵһеֻ̨͵һ𣬻ֺ嫵ĺڰ׹âɽХӿ˲ֻ̨ţ̩֮Щ۳ֻǿĹâϯء
ΧĻȺʱû
ּ䣬ڰ׹âѸɢǴûгֹɡ
ЩϯĻҲûκţǾչԶһֻһֻǰΪأϧһеĽʬǣǱǳӡ



1694 
վֻ̨ϣŻȺȥ
ֻ̨ͬûǰ㾪춯صƻ͵ڱķ棬ȴǽܣµ˼㡣
רΪֻض淨ȵϡ
ƿѡһʹֻ̨ܷĽδ֪Ͼֻ̨Ĳβ̫Զ޷ģܷӵ̶ֳȺ˵
һѡ񣬾ǷŴԼ˵ֻ⡣
ѡ˵ڶ֣Ͼģֻ̨Ȼǿ󣬿ǾԼʵ;磬ȴӲ٣˷һαĻᣬȴûдﵽӦЧѡԼϤġ
ͷŴֻ⣬ǿ˼㣬ֱĨ˻Ⱥļ䣬޸ǵ֪
ʱǵ֪ĽʬҲҪǲϧһĽأǱֻ֮֮ԴԲŻԥ뿪
ϢУ͸ıһС
֮ԻȺļ޸ҲǽõģȻʱţȻҪΪ£ļЩȺԷҲв
𺳡
ڸոֻʱҲĨһļ䣬ǴΣԶܺȡ
ǴηĨģǶݵļ䣬ǸˣʵԶ
ȻһΣȺǿޱȣǻʵȷ̫࣬޸ĵĸǸٹ̣صļ֪ѶȲ֪Ҫ϶ٱ
Ʈ֮ڸԼĹȥʥԿ壬¾Ƕֻ̨
˼
ǰһĻ뵽Ʈ֮λʥ
ԷӦûûֻ⣬ֻϵƮ֮ʥֻ̨һˣԶǷܱȣֱֻ̨Ӳ硣
ҡҡͷջڲǸʱ
ǰĻȺȻ뿪ˣȴʹ´ˣڷĲ㣬Ǵ˵֮أͬСɣֻ̨Ӱ췶ΧֻǰһȺ
Ҫ֪ɫڿɲֻһȺ
뿪ˣȻɢĻ¾ۼԴ˶ӣʱϵþˣԷʮֲ
һ뿪ֻ̨ںɫµϡ
ֲʱֱҪ飬ȻڵĻȴȻһӦĴ̼ѹֱ߽˽ʬǵĳƬ̺һߵĻƣӺɫµϻڻ˹Ͷ뷽ڣա
Ȼˡ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ûв´ӡڹĻкܶ࣬ԶӰǣʺϻĸա
ûмԿƣɻŻں߿ҪƲסʱһصֻ̨ϡ
ֻ̨û뿪ǣϣٻͬʱҲΪһεƿʱ仹û
վֻ̨ϣʱ⣬Ϣ壬ϳ
ٳȥջ
㣬ظţŻ𽥸գĻ֮ҲѸ׳Ĺâҫ£֮Եøӵ
ȵɫµϣĻϡ٣ɼʱ֮׳˼㣬֮γµƽ⡣
~
Ȼǿٵһ㣬´ƽ֮ͻ֮£Ӳʮѣǿʢ֮ҫڿռ䣬âҲǱİ̺
ϣ֮׳ԭСɳΪһСƬأÿռøȹ̡
ܻʮֵۣȴҲ˼֣ķɡ
ڡ
ˮɵߵһûκβۡ
ڿռӴ÷Ҳ𾪲ѣһԣӷ۳̤ڣڿռҲһɫҲıֱʮȴǴδţҲΪͬʱ֮ͻ֮Եʡ
ûȥˡ
վֻ̨뿪ˡ
ôãλĵӵͼıҲѾա
û׼ȥмƿֻ̨ĴãûǸҪ
硣
û̫֮׳󣬳֮ĳ̶ȣԷ˵к棬һڵ֮أ׼ۺ֮ʱˡ
һ·ͨ裬뿪˽ɫص硣
֮΢΢һɢ͵ĹâջϾ͸ӦؼصѶϢڣգһ㣬Լ䣬ؼ֣һƳ÷˼
ʥ֮·ֶߡ


1695 ͨɢ
ΪʥҪ֪Ļʲô£Ҳ
ʹû˵ָһĳɳ̤ʮطۣ֮׳ɳ֮󣬷Ҳ
ؼ䣬ֻд˵飬ǿޱȣʥǻħǺɣΪʥڻΪħǼ򵥵Ų֮ͬ仹űʵĲġ
˼Ҳļʵ絽ˣһȻ֡
ʥɾʥ֮·ǳͨġ
Ҳȥؽˡţ뿪硣
㷽ĳɳҪȥؽ磬ҲûǣԼķ֮£Ҳдʵ
̤˷ڣʵ˾޴ĽҲʱˡ

ʯ·
֮У׵һӰֳһ̤ͬǴߵʵ̤ʯ·ϡ
ɢŹԣȥ翣˿Ŀ߳˲䣬綼ǺȻһĵ׶ľ壬Ȼȥͬι޺ۡ
̤ʯ·˺ܿ˵·ľͷֻһƵׯ԰ǰǰ¥ϣȻд
Ƿǣֻ
ǰעֻӡ
¥ǰפ㣬Ŀɨ˳
֨
ͻȻˣһͯ˳һ񣺡ͽȥ
΢΢ף̤Ȼǽׯ԰˴˵صˣ翵ĹҲȥ¶һЩ
Ʈ֮
ǰݷõģȻƮ֮λʥ
ͨɢˡ񾭿ŶԷҲǵ֣˭֪ﾹȻһλʥ
˺Ȼһλʥ֪»𾪵˵
ûʲôưҰģں˵Ŀͨɢ΢Ц
ˣлᣬҪһˡƮ֮Ҳûзϻֱ˵Լ⡣
ˣΪʲôңһλųƽͨģ磬ԪһλԱۣ֮ͷСͨɢ˾ٳ磬һµʥƮ֮Ҫ˵ĻЩˣá
³δãҪҵˣһкۼһλΪǿĴڱˣòκοõѶϢãã磬ңǣЧƮ֮ɫ
֪ͨɢˣλʥԣĴڣʵȴ쳣ǿ
һΣڷ˴ͷʮ׼Ʈ֮кƽĵѪζʲȥ
Ȼֻ̨ȴڱһѶϢƮ֮ղˣԷκ
Ʈ֮УҲС
ֻ̨Ī⣬Զһɱȣչ֮ͬڳ˯һ㣬Ӳȫܣ˿ɳ֮
һֶΣ𲻵ãΪƮ֮ĽӴǫֻ̈̄ͨ
ûȥңͨɢ˵Щˡ
ǣȴѲֻ֮ҪƮ֮ģʹ˫û棬ҲҲܱǰλʥ
֪Ҳ׳֡ͨɢ˵һ֣ͻе
һ׼ñ֤꣬⡣Ʈ֮ҧɱ֮ļᣬϧһдۡ
ͨɢ˵˵ͷĿƮ֮ϣƮ֮ҲǷſ˷ǣչֳ
뷽ĶԹϸڣҲ˵˳˽⵽ЩͨɢҵĿ꣬ȻؼĲֱˡ
ɲǼ䣬ͨɢ˵Ϣ֮ǹ˸Ĺ߸ֳһͷƮ֮ϣһ
ϸȥƮ֮˵˴ͷµ֮زԶǱƮ֮ǣȴûһ֮ӦϣȻҲǱƮ֮еλǿڸˡ
ʥ᲻ͨʱҲһڱΣͨɢȴר޴˵
ûãѰһ翣·ǲƵ֮ߡ
ֻǣҪ֮ʱȴְ첻ԷǴһ棬ζ
㡣
Ʈ֮ҲҪƹֻ̨ҵĵӵѶϢûôףʹǣ辶Ҳ죬Ͼֻ̨ı̫
ǣƮ֮ϾʥҲƿعֻ̨Ҫ˵һ⣬е֮Уܳңİ£ϣƿġ
ͬʱŮصǵķͻȻ˸䣬Ȼӿһɺ⡣



1696 ײ
ţ
ɫ΢ͣ˽Ų¶ɻ֮ɫ
ͻĺתۼţǴδֹ˻ɣǰĸоǲǴȴҵд֮ҲΪԼԵ޹ʵĲ˸Ӧ
ڤڤ֮еľ棿ҪԸң
ֺ⣬ʾɳҪԸʤǷʵˣȴ޼
ŵѹʹʥҲҵԼ١
ңҪͨǱߣȻҲᾪû֪ͨڣվڵڣӦ֪ĵȴҲûκʾҵҪʾҲȫˡ
ʾ
ǣֻ̨
ܱܿڱΣڤڤʾģҲʵǲ࣬ҲҪһΡ
ԶδָȽײߣҲᡣ
ǻʾǱȻڻħ񣬷Ҳҵ˵ħóȻ磬رȺ֮ĿԼ󣬵ҲûǣڶǰһλħڶʥĶĿǱУһ֦
ǽ֦ͻħЯڷϡ
ڳ˯ճ̶Ҳߣ᲻Ӧδ֪һħ϶Ǵơ
ֻ̨
΢뵽Ʈ֮
λ˵ĺĵӣʮа˾žƮ֮Էʥûʲôơ
չʥֶβһġ
ңƮ֪֮ԼǷҪҵԼֻֻ̨ͨʱᴥ
ֻ̨ϣ˾ʮ㣬еģʹǵһˣҲֻռʱưˣȽҵǱ󡣡
һŶĺôڶˣӦҲ̫Ȼû˵ûС
ֻ̨أ˲ƹҵĵӵѶϢǣɱǺĵӵƮ֣֮һˣҪζֻ̨ϣ
ɫ΢ԺзҵͷѸٳ͡
ֻ̨ʾⱾǵһ˵ĺôȴΪԵʣǰõˡ
˵ûдǾʾΪǵǣֻ̨Ҳ͸ֻ̨ıΪҲǲö֪
ֻ̨֮󲿷ڳ˯ţĹҲкܴ󲿷ûзӳ
Ȼûκ֤ݣһͻʾɷϾһĲ²⣬ȫΪոյƮ֮׾ⷽ룬ĵطӦûôɺϡ
Դˣ̫⣬ֻЩ档
Ʈ֮ܵ˶ĴȻʹϧƹֻ̨ҲҪҳ
ֻòףǧƹֻ̨Ͼͻײһɽ

ƿˡ
ǹ˸Ĺһ֣Ǹ翵֮Ҳ𽥱ͨɢ¶ϲɫƮ֮İ£ƿλǿڡ
Ȼͨɢ׼֮ߣҵĿ֮ʱͻȻɫ䣬˳
ôƮ֮Ŀɲ
ͨɢ˵ɫ仯Ȼûӹ۾
ˡͨɢ˿Ʈ֮͸żŭΪβ˵壬˾Ȼбǿػ
׼Ӵ֮ʱȴӦһɿµϢֱͨɢļ²ѡ
˭Ʈ֮ͫ΢
˵ʵ̫⣬λĵҲһλʮطۣλͣܵʥػĿԺܸߣʥػҲҪֲͬģҪﶼһͬʣֻΪҪļˣǰ
һʥҲ͵ˣƮ֮η塣
֪ͨɢҡͷҲҽӴ̻ᱻԷҿԷҲǽ֮һεģͬСɡ
Ʈ֮һ
֮һεǿڣ綼ָѹͨɢ˼ɵ
֮Ī⣬ͨɢ˸аȫˣǣĴ̫ˣҪе̫󣬲ͨɢ˵Ĵ֮
˵ֻ̨ǳ˯ͻǻСƿԷôλǿڣѲصʨóȻ£Ȼ
µΪֹͨɢվȻ

ǡ
ʦ𡣡˵
ڣ˷һۣ¶֮ɫӵĳɳʵǿľˣ˾̾
λӦ׼
ǡ˵ͷ
ϴ뿪ǰҾ˵ķţҪȥһطҲʱˡЦ

ûضׯϣԴ֮ء



1697 Դ֮
ǵһο˵ׯ£˵֣𾪡
Դ֮ء𶯡
ⲻһԴ֮ˣոյ֪Դ֮صĴڣڲ˴磬֮ʱ
Ϊ˱ܿռ֮ıڽҪͷ֮ò˴ˡԴ֮ءںƵޱߵԴ֮С
ȻǷǰ˽ġԴ֮ءʵʶǴ֮ޣ̤ʮطۺ󣬷Ͼ˽ˣԼģʲôԴ֮أߵĲΡ
ڽǳʥս̫֮죬ۿս̫֮æǰʲôΪĸ߲档
˴ڵĸ߲Ҳһ
˵ʹһ棬˶Ƕԣ˴ǴʧˣҲѰҲ
Ǳ㻹û˷һۣȻ
˵ͷһ飬ľǹԴ֮صϣûü
ɳ̫죬ȱٳһһ;ЩʱӴȻǺģҲ֡Ϊ⣺ͰɣԺ󣬻ҪЩ׸ϵġ
ǡ
һҲ޳ģҪʲô븶ȥȡʹǵ״ӣҲ⣬һй·ȡ
㣬еȴҲԵȵǿֲ
䳤Դ֮ص˵ҲİЩָģǴԴ֮ضͬǺƵӣᴩ磬λڸߵĲϣΪ󼰡͵
ҪȥģԴ֮أΨһҲԴ
Դ֮أ磬ҲҪڣǵĺ
һԴ֮ر٣Ҳ֮ɢ
쳣ׯ£ҲǲɵϢš
ʦҪȡΪʲôȥ
ǺǣҪţԴ֮عȻҪǽأΧشǿŵģȴʸǰ̫ࡣЦ
ķţΪҾãȡȥԴ֮أ֤
ķŲˣÿһŶΨһ˶Ϊ֮ŷ
ÿʥڳΪʥ󣬶ȥԴ֮أµõһţбڳ֮ǰĳǿԡԸ֮Ҳ£õصļ֤ıԭķţҵķΪԴ֮ؽԲŵõģ֮ǰҵķһ
˼
ʥķţȻ۴Ϊͬʱڵķţõ֮
Ȼ㲻ʥֻȥȡŵģҲֹʥ˵ʵΪǿ󣬴ﵽ˷ۼޡ޵еĳ̶ȣӽʥˣͻȥһ
˵츳侪ˣźܴϣģҲȥǣʵҲӦĵһЩ
ʥʲκ˲ǷȱĽʵҲûаᡣ
˵
ÿȥԴ֮صĴޣ㻹ʥ͸ˣȥˣȴûܳɹǾǰװ˷һδȻȥһԣ㷴ԵĻҲȡ
룬Ȩ㹻ء
ȥȥɷ
ȥ÷ţʲôô𣿡ûϻش𣬶ǳһţΪһţʥȥЩӽʥķǿҲȥ
ĳ֮·˳ش
ȥ¶˾ġ
ţ޵ķʸȻȥԴ֮أ˵϶гɹϣģˣȻҲһأҲʧܰˡ
¶֮ɫž÷źú
ȻŮǵ£Ҳ

Ʈ֮ذɡ
˾ͨɢҲͲ̧Ϳ͡
ȻƮ֮ȴԭأһ
ҪλʥӲӲֻҪ֪̽λʥݼɣҪ󲻹ְɡƮ֮
ͨɢ
Ʈ֮ҪѶ½ǰҪλʥӲӲҵĿѶϢҪе̫ͨɢ˿϶Ըڣ̽λʥݣ׶ˡ
֮Ī⣬̫Է
͹ˣͨɢȷһ顣
Ʈ֮˵ͷ
Ҳ֪Ҫֱҵλĵǲˡ
ǣһεĻᣬֲܷŹƹֻ̨ҵĵӵѶϢֻһΣٲһΣֻ̨ٸĻᣬˣΣȻͨɢ˲ϣҲֻ˶Ρ
֪λʥ˭СĿ꣬Ȼ̲飬չҵˡƮ֮Ѱ˼š



1698 
Ʈ֮ĵȴš
ͨɢ˵˵ðһЩգٶȵ֪λʥݣһȻᱻԷһþͻ
̽Էĳ̶ԶСӲӲ֪Ʈ֮ҪѰ֮˵ѶϢͨɢ˻Ըģ̽ˣ漰࣬δػöԷ󶯸ɸ꣬ǣ治ͨɢҲߡ
һѡ񣬾ǲøӰȫķ̽ͨɢаգöԷ
ǰҪеӦģҪƮ֮ĴҲԽߣ߳еСȴҪʱȥ׼͸
߲ʴʧܣƮ֮ɬкⷭӿȴҲòѡʱվõĺһַĵȴͨɢ˸

߳סĹ뿪֮ʱȴһ벻ˡ
ʦ֡ˣϲ
Сʦܡ
ǴԵ塣
ǰζ˶ʦ֡мûԵעҲô£
֮ΪطΪʮط۵ϢҲû廽ȻԵڷڽɨ£Ѿв֪ΪʮطۣҽҪȥԴ֮أҲˣҲûмȥıҪˡ
ǣҲǹˣԵ
ʦֵܣ˵ʲôл֡ЦԷһֱչˡ
һ£ҲҪ鷳ʦˡ£Ҳûн飬ԼŮҲؽϢ˵˳
ҪȥԴ֮أȴûпϾ̵ˣΪǱݻ
ǵ״ӣҳŮȴǼ򵥵ġ
ҪһŵùˣȴǺʵѡ
һΪʲô¡һڴӦԣǾ֮͵С°ˡ
㷽и󣬷˿ص˵ڵĹ
߰ɡ
Ҳ飬һץкȻ죬һͨ쵽
˵ģؽ磬ɲζţһ뿪ؽ磬ʱ뿪Ļûġ
ҵͨ
̣ͨܶܿߵ˾ͷڵԣһ̤˺ƺƵԴӡ
Ŀޱ߼ʵĺ嫹˺ƵӣԴͷҲͷ
Դӡ
һ˴λԴ֮Уֻ˴ʱλã˴Ԩ֮Զ
˴Դӣδȥ룬ǲܡ
ʹʮطۣҲΣأܲסԴӵĳˢȻԴڵĲ棬ǳ˷ĲΡ
ǰ񣬷ʵ̤˷ڣܴߵĲ棬ȴǷ֣Դ̤㣬Ų߳뿪˵ߣֱԴӵĳ
¡¡
ͬ㵹޾ĹӿڵʱûΣˣʱȴžĶǵĸо
ֳȴϵײǺ˷ڣһ𵴲ֹ
壬ꡢԴܵĪĳ
ǣַ·걾ʶҪɢĳ£ȴ泩УƺϵĳصҲһ壬¶ɢŹâ
ӣϴͨʥıؾ֮·΢Ц˵ŷԴӵĳ
Ƿڣȴʸ̤Դˡ
ʵϣ۳ھʸԴӣıԵشԴӵҲ΢÷۳ҲܳܣǴ˵أǲ˴ڵĵطǷڲܳܡ
Դӵĳˢıʷɱ䣬ϽӽʥԽԴ֮أֱʵɱԽףһߵͷϾͻ᳹ɱ䣬Ϊʥ
ҪԴ֮أȱ뾭Դӵĳˢɱ䱾ʣҲźܴĺô
ǡͷ
ĹҲܳԴ˼Ӧš
ľ˻죬һبӣУ֪ǺζͻȻ
ǵ޶ԣȻϵĺôֻʹʥҲ԰쵽̾˿
Щӣ֮ϣңɼʹʥҲ޷󼰡
һ˵ţһǰȥ
ԴӣܲʱҲǿҪߵĺӶΣûгǿǵĶ˵Ĺ֮УڵĴ£ԼٶԴдϡ


1699 ִ
ŲϽӽԴ֮أע⵽ޱ߼ʵԴкȻһЩ飬ب֪Ľɫаˣн̤Ƶ롭ȵȡ
Ϊ𶯣Ȼϸȥȴܷ֣ǲ飬ûκ󣬶˵ĵȫ޷Ӧһȫɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ǣ̲סʵ
˵ǰ磬Դ֮ؾһĸԴΪĴ˵ȻҲ⣬ԴԴ֮ء
ڿģǴ˵ǰ񻹲飬һӵǣؼ䣬ֻһֻ˵
лȻ
ѹ֣ԴӵٻָҵԴӣò˴С
ǰһֻӴ֮ͻȻչǷ˹
û˱ܡ
˫ܿײһȻԤеײȴûеֻǻӰ㣬ֱӴǣ˫ѸԶ롣
һĻ˼ǲ飬ԴӣǣҲ޷κεĽӴ
ûã˾ԽЩĴڣ֪˶ԶͻȻһ𣬵ǴĳεϣΧƺͷĺ嫳ӣ޾ʧˡ
Ŀȥֻ˵Ľ£ޱ޼ʵԴӣǺȻѾ˳ӣϡ
ǰԴӵľͷһâֵĴ½ǰ
Դ֮ءѿڶ
΢Цŵ˵ͷߵ˾ͷȻԴ֮أȻһ˼ʹӣҲԴ֮أⲻѰֶξ֮ܽأŵĴ죬ܽ
â֣Դ֮ؿУ뵽ˣڴˣҲͲˡ
˭
ͻȻһǿޱȵѹ˹ɣܽɱ
ʥ
һ㶼⣬Դ֮Ҫػ˵صȻʥҲֻһλ
ԭ㡣λʥܿ췢ˣ˭
ȻǵȻûıҪǹҲ֮˻ȥ
Դ֮ʱŰλʥػһһλͨ£ʹ˵ŷԴ֮طȥ
˵ĳڣǵ֮һĴڣϰλʥԴ֮صػ֮ǿ֪
ȴȻ
ȷţλħǴ۶֦ȻӲģӦ͵룬ʥĶĿ
ڣλħЯĻڷϣ֪Դ֮أ᲻ʲôⷢ
ֱâĽԴ֮أûκ״ڵĻҲûκ춯˿
ǰģһ޴ɽ£⻬羵
һɽµ۷壬ŭ֮Ȼ˷ʥ
һŷת۳ڻǰ
Ҫ˽Դ֮ءڵ
Ƴ˷һۣ̾ͽľ翴͸״ӣôʵԴ֮ظʲôʹҪҲ̫˵ɡ
ȻΪ˸ȥɽЦҲû
ò˶ãǵĿľͻᱩ¶²⾵һЩϢͨʥҲ֪ˡ
ɽƾһڣˣһŵ´ŷ
ɱװ˷ӵĻᣬΪʥ֮ǰԴ֮صĴ޵ġõ
ΪʥǺε֮ѣԽ棬Դ֮صþԽҪԲ˷ѡ
һ㣬ͲˡЦ
ҡҡͷҲû˵ʲôϾǱ˵£Ҳò죬ָһһɢŹԵâ뷽ڡ
âڣʱںϣγһ΢ʹ½
ҪţǽԴ֮صƾ֤𣺡Ҫ֪Դ֮һĸԴʥްʥ£ò˶þͻᱻĴ֮ԴͬΪһ֣Ҫӡ
ÿ˶γһӡǣӡ޷䣬һþǳΪʥҲˣԲнԴ֮صĴơ
˵ͷ
СһʲôͷҲ֮˰뿪󣬾¶֮ɫ
ڴˣٹ¡
Դ֮ҪϢԣȴڹؼʱ̣Դ֮ϮԮȣϷʱ䣬ʥ˵ʵ̫ݣҲʹãûı仯Ҳ֪˭


1700 ϵն
Ŀ﷦ζѵһ˼飬ʱԷҲһЩġ
Ϊ˴´Ѷ磬СˣҪ֪а취ġ
Դ֮ڣҲ˸ʮطۣʮطԴ֮زܾʱ䳤˻ᱻ֮Դͬʮط۴Ǵ˽Ķ
Ŀһɨܿ죬ҵһˡ
Դ֮صߣҪԴ֮ڵȻǺ׵飬ʮط۸ĵطҲڼڣܺҡ
һ޴ʯˣƴĹסʯĪķĲϸ֣ǧٹֵĳһ̬ݵԡڹâУĿ
ͻȻһ𣬴Ӹѹ
˴˸̣һŭȴ¶֮ɫ
֪һзСһڣǵĵӡҲûϻֱѯʵ
һ㶣û뵽ĸȴôһ⣬ԺתͷѰ䣬ȴһӡûУֻʵ²֪
ҲΪŹӣתһˡ
Դ֮صģ޲ǿ֮ʮطۣЩΪӽʥֻгɾʥһ£ٹעҷҲǧ꣬һչҲֹʱ䣬˷죬Ҳÿ˶֪ˣ֪
ֱʵˣ˲ͬĴ𰸡
ˣҵҲ֪һзģǵ״ӣʮط۶ǣôǷڡһʮطۻش
ڡ
ʲôɫ䣬Ϊǵ;˵֪࣬ʥģȻκ١
ôܣȻʥ˫Ҳڶ̶Ϊʮطۣ˵Ϊڡ
ӲǲžĻ̫Υš
ԭ꣬Ϊƿϣ֪˿֪ͻȻðȴǷˣֱǷ˼
Ϣȥ˻̿Ѱ
˵ɫ΢ӻ͸¶ϢҲ𾪲ѡ
ʥΪڣҲǲԼĶ䡣
Ӳҵæڷһһ˵˳ֱ֮ӳԴ֮أϢ̫ˣ뾡ȥ
û뵽羹Ȼôһλž޵л֮ɫ֪ôһ˺̬ȣϾԵת䣬ҲˣΪʲôԴ֮ء
Ȼľ콾Ҫڷ֮ʱڷɽҲʵɡ
૵Ŀⲻȥ

âŴ½÷ԼԶ˵ˣԶ˵ģҲУе죬Ҳݻ·
ӡǣʹ磬ҲܸӦԴ֮صĴڣ´ξͲҪͬˣӡǻ㿸ԴӵĳˢȻм֮ʹáһ䡣
˵ӡǻǺױϵģӡǳ˵Σװ˷Ѵ

Ժʵǿˣʲôʱʣ磬ҲܸӦʱ򣬾Ͳˡ
ʦʲôǴʵȻԴ֮أҲһʡ
νһĸԴҲؼΪԴĹ򡣡ҲҲļŴȥɽһ߷ɣһ߳û̵ŷ
ȥԵҲӦ֪ⷽشڻ֮Уᴩ磬ߵ磬˻֮תһᴩ磬ΪһԴͷ淨Ǵݱġ
ʵͻƣ淨ȵȣ᲻ϵĽӴӦ֮ϣҲͳΪʥʱԳ֮Ϊϵ
ţ𶯲ѡ
֪ʥĴڣʥһ磬ǵһΡ
ƽͣҿؼܡ
ϵģĴħϵǻʥħı𣬴б𣬽оͻܵѹƺ
ʥи£󲿷ȴǺϵ֮
ϵ֮ϣն
նңüңʱҲǴԴͷݺػ磬Ҳǲڻ£ʦЩڣ޲ն
֮ϣ翵֤㣬ɾͲ˰ɡ


1701 ɽ
𶯡
˵ָⷬںľ磬ˡ
ϵն֪ǺεȾ硣
ÿһ֪ˣ뷨۾ĸˣͻ᲻ͷ¡
Ҳǧ־ᶨܿͻָƽûϵնˣ·һһϦܴﵽģøԶǰ
΢΢ͷ
ҲԣŻ˵Щǰ˽ľ̫࣬Ǻ¡
Ǳ˵Ļδػ˵һ
ȣʥҲҪһ㣬ΪֻҪȲǰУΪʥϣǰķ羰ҲֻҪʱ͵ȻԷԣҲȵס
ȴδܣǣԽӽʥԽܸоǰ·ļԽöԽòʱǰ˽ǰľ磬𽥱ħѴ
Щ۷塢ۼޣǰʹﵽ⾳磬ȴʼһǳħʱϵԽãͻƵϣԽͣԡĻͶ򣬷Զһ
ΣҲǷĳɳ̫Ѹ٣̵ܶòϣûʵѾһ磬Ϊ˷Ժߴ·ǰָҲڱС
淨᲻ϸӦʦطʱܸӦԴ֮Դ֮ĵرǾǴ𣿡룬ʳһֱɻ⡣
Դ֮޴ڣǲطˣ
УֻҲǣԼصӽǣ֮ǧ˿ƣϵû淨ģҲˡ
ǴԻãûʲôֵģ淨ҲƵĴڣûбԴ֮֮Ԫ֮ȵȣȻʲͬԲͬ˵ͬǾ䱾ȴһģԴڴЦ
Ȼ
ǰǷɽˡͻȻסڣָǰ
ĿʱȥֻһΡɽâ֡
ߡ
ԷȴǿǱߵڵĴ£ǰȥ
ͻȻâ֮УһߴӰ֣÷һԷûκι򣬵Ҳ̬΢΢˿
Դ֮أҲʲôΣգеڣΣҲ޼¡
ϸȥǸߴӰһ෢üߣڵأΧһǹ貵ĺƵӣĿȥǰʱֻеһͷĿѣæƿߡ
ҲǸɽģ׼⡣
ҲΪ˴ɽһ
ţʥ£Դ֮صĴޣǴɽĴȴǲޣˣҲ̫֣ȻҲ̫ˣɽɲôôģΪ˲ͬԴ֮صʱҲޡ
ڷɽʲôôأ˵һ͵õصϿɣǵļ֤֮£ˣرӣŴ֡͵
رӣ֣һ
Ǵͬ£ĴĴڣͬʱԺЧҲá
ѹ֣֮ǰ˵ʥ֮·˳Ȼ
һίʵǷͬСɣһš
㿴ˣΧӾǴ֮ӣĴԽǴԴ֮صطԻҲ˵ľ硣෢ü߶粻ŲʣҲûоԷʵҪöԷҲ׾١
³ִ֮ӣ֮ԻζųӴ˴ܽиˣ岻ϳ֮ӣһȫ룬ϡ
ŲԶĳ෢üߣΧǹ貵ĺƵӣû󲿷壬ֻ¶Դ
Լȴ֮Ӷ޷Ի
ϵԶˣȻԽԽѣ´һҲˣͣͲǰڷɽһҲΪȡһϣ̾
ɾʥ֮·εȵļѿ
˵ͷԽ˳෢üߣǰȥ
Զ֮󣬳෢üȻ۾ɻĿܣо˾ȴһ
ǰ·ˣˣΪɽ׼
Щˣ磬һµĴʵ౶ȴһ㶼ۡ
ͻȻ
һؼâţ˷ɢȥΧ׼˻һȫ۾
˵Ŀ⣬˺Դͷɽ


1702 
û뵽˴ɽ
غı䶯ɫ΢¶Щ֮ɫ
Ȼ֪ζʲô
ҲǼ£ȿôģ˵ܴȡ㾭ѵЦ
һ¡
һ˵Ĵع̣Էżĺô
һ·һЩͬ׼ɽˣ׼ǣʲôʱ򴳹أȴ˵ҲһֱǣϾʵԴ֮ͣʱ̣͵Ȳ
Щ޲µĴλ磬ʹǵҲûɣǿҪǣΪʾһ
ˣݴ
ߡһϵĹס˷һ̤Խмľ룬˷ɽǰ
˶񣬴ӲѸٻָ̧ͷ˽ǰķɽ
ֻâеĸɽƣʹǰˣҲһȫòܿģֻзɽһ֣Լ֮һɽ塣
ɽԴ·ֳ㣬²ģ޲ʥ£Ҳ͵һ㣬ȻǵһˣҲܿϵһ㣬ʥһȻ׿ܱʥ֮ˣҲڵڶߣܷģ޲նĳڣҲֻһЩ֡
˵ܿһէֻܿһˡ
ڴصģҲڵһ㣬õģ
ĿȥԿһ·ɽѶϣÿһ·ľͷâɽϣһ貹âתţ渡һţǿ֮ӹâ¶ǡ
ǴɽĿݣһ仰֮ǣʲôʸҲС

ڷɽõ֮ˣһǾ콾ɨ£ߺεºܣǱȼ磿
ǣҪߣȻܣЩŴѹԽϣѹŵķҲԽԽ࣬ԽϾԽѣҲͰˣҪʽؼ֤õţѡ·ͷķˣµӡͻԻ봳߽սΨʤߣŻᱻϣӶ
һ·ͷķŲͬǿҲһԽߴԽǿѡһ·ѡһսҪˣܷɹ
ͷ
׵˼Ҫ÷ģǴѡĵ·ֵĶʲô죬һ֪֪ˣҲܴϼ֡
ֵģͶӰɣʵ
ͶӰȴǴͬ˳֣ȻԻͶӰͬһ硣
Ȼͬһ磬봳ֱӻȥˡ
ڷɽģҲǷ۷壬ԶԶ˷ƾ磬ʤ㡣
ĿͶȥֻǸصʮطۣѡеһ··ľͷâתȻֳ֣͡
Ȼѡ˳͵ۡһԴ
ɽģȻǷţ
һִ󸫵׳âߵ˽ǰҲ˷͵
ִҲǱɽҴҸ˹ٶļϵ˺ͷ

ִ󺺻ô⣬ǿɫʱ䣬æ
ִ󺺹ʥǰɲҷ
ЩĿһۣû뵽ֱӱԼȴǷš
룬Ҳ⡣
ˣ޲Ϊ˲һŵģˣԭķȻ֮ãֻҲΪ˲ԭķųΪ
ǰص˭ϵãʵ
˷һۣܱģȻҲͨѾãȴû˵Ҳûϳ
һλ۷塣͵۵Լᱻƣѹѡս͵ۡ
΢΢ͷ
ͬһ棬ͬķţλҲͬиеͣ͵۵λ棬еƫ£һЩš
ڷɽΪĿ꣬ս֮ˣõѡ񣬼Ȼѡ˸Ϊǿĳ͵ۣˣҲûбĿˡ
ƣ۷ҲڷɽģȻֻôˡ
Ŀڷɽϣ𶯡
ټķɽһ㣬һŹâתȻֻжʮŸ
ķ۷ϣȻԶ֣Ȼ˶ʧˣҲܿҪڷɽǺεȵļѡ
ߣΪʥ׼ģʥ£Ȼϣã

ʱ˷׷׸ǰĳ෢üߣҲУй󣬶Լͬ˷ɽϣڼǰ



1703
ҲǿĿרע
Ȼһ㣬֮һɽ壬ȴҲӼ㣬Ҫɽߵ͵һҲҪϺܳһξ롣
ʱѾ߹һ·ʼ̣ȴûп
ĳһ㣬ûпʼĿ飬ʲôˣʸϷɽġ˵Ҳֻͨ飬ԵϷɽ֮ˣŻر䶯
Ҳ˵鶼֮ͨˣκα仯
΢΢ͷûп飬ţԼ򵥵һҲȥ
ʦû뵽ֻжʮλʮطۣڷɽп
Ҫ׵ģһΪʥڵڶԭڵһķҲԶʧˣԲŻֻʮˡ˵ʮطУܷҪ֮ˣʵ̫ˣļʦ֡ʦ棬˪ʵҲۣҲûܣڷɽԼ֡
ʦҲ𶯡
ǿԵĿãһ˶ڶħ·磬Ǻεȵǿ
Ҫִ֪Ƶؽ֪꣬ȴֻӣ˷⣬޲ų֮ˣ֮ͬˣǿ౶
Ҳδܳһλ綼֮١
ڽģӰĶ֮塢Ь䡣
û뵽㾪ž޵壬Ҳڷɽꪳɳ
֮ˣչҲǳ֮˰г֮˵Ҳв٣ܳɾʥģһҡҡͷȻۺϣһľ콾߳࣬ϣã
ĿڷɽɨҪҳʹʦֵķȴһ
ѡһ·ͷâתֳ⣬ķȻҲǹâ貣ķȴǺδ¶˿
ʮ˷ֱ˭Ҳһһ֪Ͼκ˶ܵϷɽģˣҲпһЩ뷨˲ԶһۣȻ
֪˷˭׼
͵ķһ֪ƣȻͱо͸ˡ
Ѱ˼䣬ͻȻַɽâȻһ𣬷æȥ½ĿͶϡ
ֻţ·λͬһΣͻȻââ͸âѹϣʱԭԵñȽɵƺâǧ
ףڿʼҪߣͱеķѹˡ
ѹܲסսͶӰˡ
ȥ
Ƭ̺󣬸߸Źââѹϡ
ԽϣµĹâҲԽԽأѹԽ󣬲ĴأȻᱻӲŶʮŵޱȵĹâһһǰȥ
û⡣
ֻǿθˡ
ȥֻѾߵǰһͣ٣ͺԥĿ˹ȥ
ѡĵ·û;ţԽͬһ߶ʱȴǼŭһ㣬ϵâȻ䷢˱仯۳Ӵɽ壬ѹϡ
ɽСɫ΢
Ƕ˰ɣɽ֮âѹ֪Ҫ϶ٱ
ɽһԻĽŲһ϶ʱһˣϿγһ󺣣µɽ͹â
࣬ǰȥûãߵâȻɽ壬ѹ¡
󺣾ţȴǽѹ㻯⡣
ӣҲǽӽ˼ޣϵĻиĹâɽ壬¾ͳܲסǳ͵ķţȴûô
ԽʮźҲߵ˵·ľͷ
~
âתͶȻɽڣǰԻһ׳Ŀ磬ɢϢͬһֻͻգֱӡ
ǣ͵۵ĻͶӰ
ڵĵطָ̱γһ磬Ϊս
ָ̡ǰˣҲҵһȳ֣˳͵ֻۣ󺣲޾Ĳϯء
͵ۺʾŭһǴպɣһȭһŽܿٵء
Ȼһ磬޷еĸܵǵ˿þĶǣһ˶ǿףԶͨʮطۡ
˵Ŀⶼרעޱȣһսǳ͵۵֣չֳʵ
ʤʵһսҲǱ¶ţ˵ͻΪһսĶ󣬲Ϊ˿͵ۡ




1704 
ͳ͵һսľ춯أɽӡ
Ȼһսվûгá
~
ų͵һŭ飬Ȼ磬̤ǺӣһȻһĿֲоڵҲǾһζڳ͵ֲ׵һºȻѡ
һĻˣ޲ɫ䣬Ǵûڳ͵Ͽġ
ɫ䣬ȫԸֵǿĹҲǿⲻˣѪˡ
ʧһƺˣڷɽɽţŲģɫ԰׵˼㣬ǻѪ˿
һܣܴᣬҪָǶʱܰ쵽ġ
ζţԴ֮ͣʱڣ봳ڶˣһʧܣ˴صĽ
ѹһ·˶Ǿ׼ţûмж΢΢ͷ
ΪʧܻˣŻ֮
û뵽͵ۻǿһֱûչ¶λʵ飬Ĳԩ̾Ϣһ
ȷʵų͵ۣǣ˫޴ʵ£Ƹء
˭Ҳû뵽Ϊͱо͸˵ĳ͵ۣǰս̫ȴǲԽ͵۱ȵһ
ǰ͵ۣʲôʱȵ
ҡҡͷҲǲ֪
ʥһ죬οʮطۣɽµģ翪ľʱҪ԰㣬ʮˣֲʱ֮УϤȡ
ٷû˵г͵ôһλʮطۡ
Ƕʮǰľ˽ܣڳʥ֮ʱʧܣ䡣Լࡣ
ʮǰĿ΢ôʱ䣬û¼ҲֻзɽĹ¡
֮ܣЩη
ȻҲ֪ɹɽĿԷǳͣô꣬ҲֻôˣˣߵһزҲʵǽ޿ɽˣֻѰ΢ϣͻơ
ʹˣʧܶǶԣҲһִ
һʱ䣬˭Ҳûٴɽ£תͷߣԸƬ̡
ɨˣ׼֮ʱһȵȺд˳

Ż£һȴݵӴâߵ˷ɽǰ
Ȼӣɫٱ䡣
˭ʵ
ԪĺΪг֮˵ľǿߡһӺĿ⣬Ҳþη
ЩãȻ˵ŵĻӦ˵δˣϾǺͷһʱ
ؽ彻֣ʤһСĿ۵
֪ݣȻõؽ˵ȻһĿȻ
Ŀ⣬ʱ
Ԫ磬Ҫڵؽ֮ϣȻҲȱ٣ų֮˵
ûڷɽ⺫ڽ֮ǰȻҲûܰ쵽
һ߳ʱ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳû뵽ҲԴ֮أҲ˽գɽ
ǺĻЩڴ
ȻԶܱȵģ˵ڳУϣڷɽġ
ѵ˵ҪһλԷ𶯡
Ǵ¡
ĳ˵ɽһɸѡı׼ģȫźܴϣΪʥ
˵Ҫ࣬ձʶɽΪʥ׼ģڶʥ֮Զһ㣬ҪŻѣһɹΪ׼ʥˡ
Ȼʹ׼ʥҪɹҲûôףһĶʮ֣һ룬
ʼһپգǿͻʧܣӶ䡣
ͣȻҪأûҪ֮ȡ
ǵһܶ࿴˵Ĵع̣չҲġ
ڴĿ£ߵ˷ɽǰ̤ϡ
~
ں̤Ϸɽһ̣һâƾճ֣ͬ˰ϯˢ̤еˡ
Ƿûп顣
ЩâŲУܿʹ˹ȥʼĴأɽҲǺȻ𣬴Χâ˲
飬кĵɽ񶼲ܶһЩؼ
Ҳս֮ʱʵ͵۴սǰȴûչ¶ʹǸɽУҲˡ
Ǵѹơס
ΧͻȻ˾һæȥȵʱҲһ
ͨ󣬺ѡսĵ·
͡
Ȼǳ͵ۡ
ѡһģһѡս͵ۡ



1705 
Ӧ˵ǵѡ񣬺ȻƳ͵ۣս£͵۵ʵȴչ¶š
лع˵òһ㡣
ʵδ֪ķţսһƱ֪ģҲ󣬱ϾԴ֮صĴޣÿֻսһΣиѡĻû˸Ҵðա
ѡ񣬲⡣
ȻҲһܳɹ͵۵ʵȻ¶սʤġ
ô򵥣ų֮˵ǿҲֱҲûڷɽˡ
ڷɽ֮ˣһ˸֮ˡ
ͿܷɹˡУżڴۿˣ޲ˡ
Ŀ⣬Ҳǽź
ɽϴɣò˶ãʹ˸߸ϵķһâ𵴣ѹ˺ϡ
ţߵâ
źǰһâѹ£һתںţʮŵâ֣ޱȣȻֵģȴԶɡ
ֱԽеâţ۳ɽ壬ɽ
ɽУȴޱȵȶһһӡ
һֱϱɽ壬ӵʮ̬ûκγļ󣬽ͱʮɽߵ˵·ľͷ
֪ǿ١Ŀһ
˭˭£һĿȻ
ų֮˵ľǿߣսʤ壬ǿ˼㡣
~
·ͷ͵۵ͶӰԻսռ䡣
һս̱
ľͬԻĳ͵ҲһģһȻ˵ʵȴԨ֮𣬾̧䣬׺һ硣
ǿ͵㣬ڷɽһʱҲòº
͵ŭʱһһȭܷǺӣҲǺʾȻû͵þ޴ޱȣǱһ̤ǳ糼Ų˼ΰ
͵ӲӲ˿·磬˵Ľ֣ĿֱֲӳűǸս磬˷ɽĵ·ϣţһΪǿ֣½˾롣
~
ɵ˵Ĺҡҡ׹˿޲ľ
ڣǿһߣƴŰ˳͵һƣԿѪĴش˳͵ۣ֮սʤӮս
͵۵ͶӰʧҲ»ص˵·ϡ
ɹˣɹˡ
ֶһɹ֮ˣͨʥ֮·ֶһϣ
ɽ£Ľ֮Ŀ˾ηҲֻߵɫѿ֮
ʣ֮ô˳ɹǷֲģֻԸ
ţ
ͻȻһսʤֺµĵ·ͷԶӳһֱͨߴʧڿĵڶ㡣
Ҳ˵ԸĻܹˡ΢˳
ҪϵĻԵģͲһ͵ˣһҪͻƵڶ㣬ͶӰԻֹĳ֪
սʤ͵ۣȻˣҲûмߵ˼ͣ˽Ų
~
޴ĹâڣƬ̺󣬹âʧɽҲǻֳһâתķǰ
Ԫ
Ǻ·ˣһδʥ͵ķǰ棬ǳǽķţ˫Ǻεȵĺպ
Ȼؼ֤ΨһԶ͵ķܱȵġ
ҲзУϵġ
˺֮⣬ûˣţΪԪ۵ˣòǻᱻǵûиĿܣ淨ȣҲ󽵡
ϲԪۡ
ϲϲ
û˳ƺǿڳԪۣɽһķҲӵʮ
һɹΪ֮ܣԭľʱҲ
кü˰಻סѡ˴أûսʤ͵ۣѡλõһЩ
Ȼʵȴǲпġ
λõͲ׶ԸˣսļʹǺˣһСҲҪԴЩԶ纫ˣҰܣһܳɹ
ԭҲԾԾԣ˵ĲҰܣȴһˮӭͷ£侲
Ԫۣûܳɹˡ
Ҫڷɽʵ̫ѡ
ҡͷ׼ɢȥ㲻Ļ봳ɽҲҪٵһЩʱգ׼
ʦȥˡ
ȴûб˵ʧӰ쵽ֺԵ˵һתɽȥԱ߿ôãĿúĳɹ볢һԼߵһ



1706 
µѾûȥɽ׷׼뿪ʱͻȻɽϳΪ˽㣬˵Ŀ⡣
ÿһɽˣ˹עĶ
ֻǣڿ֮ʱ˶ǴһǵľʵûвҴţȻһ۾Ϳ˷ľ硣
ڡʲôЦ
ʲôʱʵˣҲԴ֮ˡ
˾Ī˻ɣǲʲôط磬һȺҲǷ۷ǿ棬ͻȻðһλڣʵ̫Ҳ̫ˡ
˵ڲ̫˷ˡ
˵Դ֮ػ̫ˣòʲôôװ˷һλᣬû˻ô
ȣôû뵽߳
Էⶼ𣬵ǿڵϵģڷˣȴûѯͷûС
ôû뵽Ա߿ôãԼȥķɽûӵСһȴȥˣһʱŴ죬ޱȡ
ȵȣǷؽλʥ
ڳУҲ˶Էһ֪ģмϢͨģȻûۼǿԶĵٿҲͺ֮ˣعеԱ
ţһǷڣɽҪѣһ𡣡
֪ˣΪʱľΪĪ
֪ģʥĸʱոմɽĺڣȫˡ
ʥһĶҡ
Ҫˣҿܷɹɡ޴ɽϣ¶һ˿ڴЦݡ

˸ԵĿ⣬Ųߵ˷ɽǰҲûôԥٲ̤ȥ
~
ڷУ񷶼Ϊεļѹ˷ϡ
ѹơ
Թۿôĳֻһ⣬Żеᣬȴѹ֮£һòͬǽֻһ㡣
š
һâƾճ֣ͬ˰ӿˢһжͺɽʱһ
Ŀ飬Уľһ˵ʸܷϷɽ
һЦҪ˵ʸ񣬻ʲôʥʸ
ǰâγɵĲ㲨ˣˢڷϣȴûĽŲаĳٻ棬׾ٵľʹ˹ȥ
~
ɽȻΧâҲǱ飬һȦȦ˷ɢˣڴɽ
飬ô򵥵ͨˡ
Ȼס
Χ˶Ŀ΢ͨɽ鲻֣һضˣǾȫǶۣҲˡ
ֻǣ׼򵥣Ҳֻк֮˰ɡ
ʥǺá̲סе⣬۶ʺޡ
ûƽ
ʥֻҪ䣬ȻɾʥβЩѰͻƵĽʼ֮
Ҫ֪ɽΪһЩɾʥϣ
Ȼϣٶ࣬ҲԶԶʥ

̾Ϣһǰɹ˷ܣʱҲ˴룬ڷɽϴǰķǲ¶һ˿Ц
ʥֺγİԪ磬ôһλǺĺ󱲡
ǣͬΪʥԼλ󱲣ļǰˡ
ҡҡͷеĴܸչǧڳȻʧͶʺޣȴƲסңɽҲŸոտʼܷɹδ֪֮
ûж˿÷ʥǵ;
~
˿ĵطŲ㲨˵ĳˢѹڷϵһμϱѿͬʱ֮ҲҡҷţŴɢݳ
չ鲻ֻͬأʩϵĴǿԽ֮ġ
Ҫߣͱ뽫֮ϱ飬粽С
ͨ飬Ǳ鲼ĴȴѾǱ˶֮һ
ú֪»𾪵˵ΪʹǣҲ󣬾ʹﵽ˲˼ľء
ʥĺô¶Цݡ
ʲôʥ˶в֮ͬʥΪյ֮ǵڰ˼ıʡ
ɽһĴѹƣ䱾ʣҲһˡ
ܷڣû֮ںϣıʣȴɽ⣬ʹѹĴȱ˴ʥֱӾһĴѹơ
ϾɽΪʥ׼İ



1707 
ŷɣ΢΢ͷ
һĻе⣬аգɴ飬ɽѶҲӦ½ôͬ⣬÷ôɽأԴ֮صĴɲ˷ѡ
֪ѡ˭ս¶ڴ֮ɫ
ʮšԣӦʮˣΪʥܲѡһ̫İɡͬʱ޴ɽϵľҲ°Ȼ
ǣҲԷѡ쳣Ĺע
ϾѡĶ˭ں̶ܴϣδܷɹɹϣж
Ҳ»ǳ͵ۣϾʵʵѾ¶ȥǣûбֶΡ
ΪҲѡ͵ۡ
һδɽ͵ǳ˴ţͺ⣬洳صҲкüѡ˳͵Ϊֻ֣ûһ˳ɹˣҪĴ۲֮ܽսʤˣʵϵľ޴ֲ࣬ġ
δأһԿãһα¶ʵģɲֹ͵һˡҲ˷
͵ʮУҲмս¶һʵ
Ǻǣ˵սĻǸոճɹԪۡ
仰һ˵˵ɫʱùŹ˲һԵĺ
͵ȫһսʵҲ¶Ĳˡ
ңڷɽϵλãҪڳ͵֮Щ
սսʤ˳͵۵ĻͶӰɲķţλþͻȳ͵۸ߡ
Ͼ뺫սĽǻͶӰĳ͵ۣЩ΢ģҪǣԻĻ뺫൱
ĳ͵ۣʵӦûں֮ϣһѹƾ磬ʵȻȻᷢ仯
ǳ͵۱٣ȻӦĽͣʵٷְٵķӳȻ͵䣬ڷɽϵģӡȫ뱾һģһбȻŲ࣬ԲŻᱻսʤ֮
ĳ͵ˣ˭ʤ˭δ֪
ˣӮˣķȴڳ͵֮£ȴҲûʲôֵġ
һֻҪûƵĿǣѡ͵սǱȲѡսʤҲһ㣬˽֪
ֻ֪֪ôȴûУϾڱϣΪڵ֮ˣңսһӮǳ˵Ρ
ˣҲҵﺫ
ݱʵǳϣҪԶǰ֮ϡ

ǲЩġжǰЦ
һ棬Ҫɵδʥ뽫һĸʤѡһ
ܶ˶Ѿ϶϶ѡˡ
ȴ΢΢üͷ
ĻԪ𣿡޷϶
ȻԷûʲô˽⣬ɶҲ˵仰ģֻƬ䣬û͸¶
ȻǳԲɻԹۡ
󣬷ܿ͵˲·ǰһ·ϷͨͬĿꡣ
ѡ
˴𰸡
һЦûԥٲ̤еһ·ǰȥ
һѡ䶨ҲȻ󲨡
ǳ͵ۣҲԪۣǰˣѡκһǡ
졣
ۡ
һᴩ˷ɽһĳͨһз֮ϣ߸ϵ買ڷѡ󣬹âת渡ֵ֣˵飬ҲǲԼ۾
ѡģȻۡ
ˣ
ôĵӣѡۣǺεȵĲ񡣡
˴ʧɫҲѹǻʧ̬ʵǷѡĶ֣̫ˡ
۲ǳ͵ǰ㣬ʮǰֻǧ꣬ǱˣʱôãǵͲˣ۲һʹٸϼ꣬Ҳ׹
⿴ڷɽϵλãڶҲֻЩ۵ľˣɴ˾Ϳɼһߡ
꣬۴ɽʱ񣬲һʹ˵ڶȥ䶯磬˶̾Ϣ
ǿġŲϵķҲ֪θ롣
۵ǱΪʥģϣΪʥ䣬Ͷһλʥȥս
벻ͨ
벻ͨҲ޷⡣
ʥƣǳ·ͨ裬Ҫ˵ͬ磬һǿˣδˡ
յ۲ʥȴΪʥɼ֮ǿ
ͬУʹʥҲҪʰ·硣


˵ɫʥĵ⣬Ƿ⿴߷ΪҲ϶ˣȻʧܡ



1708 ȡ裿
ѡ𡣡
Էѡ񣬵ÿɷѡ񣬺ҲǳԤϡ
˵õѡ񣬲Ԫۡ͵ۣǼɹĻҲ󣬲һεԴ֮֮С
ǣȴûôѡѶߵۡ
Ǻܲǵľ
ԵԷ˽⣬ȴûаյ飬λ״ӣеĽ²˲٣ôȡء
Ȼѡۣ˵Ȼһİա
ѵ˵аսʤۣʹֵܵƬ̣Ҳˡ
ʲôǳ֮ʢҪķ֮ϣ䣬һʥˡ
ô÷ҲţսʤۣϾǸͻƵڲð
ˡ
ЦҡҡͷܿͲˣΣʥɽһ˵ͲҪģΪ˷ҲôԴ֮ء
ɹȻˣҲܽܡ

֪Ҳôս˵Ŀôء
ѡ˵·ʹǰУκε
~
ѹϵĴϱţ֮ɢݵЩ֮ĳɳСȴĲѹǿһ㣬֮תΪ硣
ɽϣѹƣܶãӴնģȴԡ
~
ϷâתޱȵĹâѹ˷ϡ
ΪߣܿصĹâɢݿǧǧ򣬹ᴩÿһ棬ʹǱĸӵι̽ܡ
߹
ЦһĴʹߵʱѾ̫֮࣬˴ɵѹ
֮ڶţ׵ֵľѹ
ŲϣâŲûܵӰ죬һâϽ£סȵԽķâתΪɽʱѹڷϵĴɱǿι̣ѹ
ǣѹȻֵܵ
˿ѻȸֳɣ˿ȺĲ
Ȼľ磬Զȷߣ֮Ƿܱȣѹ¸ܵԵĴҲԶȷιǿ󣬾ʵϵľ޴࣬ıʸֲ
ƾЩѹǵסˡ
û˶Էڷѹꪳɳϣ
ɽѶȣѹսʤһڷɽľ콾˽ܡ
˵صˣļѹס
һ̩ɽɽ壬ɫ֮յûã࣬ôһԽһߵ˵·ľͷֱս
â貣ͶӰԻ
һԻƹ۵Ӵ̤վƺڽ££
ɨµһӢܡ
ۡ
ڳУ඼˵۵֣һЩƳģ֤޵ʱʱĴ³ǰ޲鼤Լ
ƾʲôսۣʥ˲۲ɣҲһʥ˲һ෢üŭ鼤
ˣǷʱ򣬿λʮطۣϵҲǲԶֻһʼͻơ
ûȡ衣
С󡣡
˷ŭ˵ȻҲм
ǲ֪ߵغˣǰʮط۶ǣܳΪڣò˵һ漣޷󣬿ǣʲôãܸĵر淨ĽΣ
һλʮطЦоǼ
ڵо磬һռӰˣһ˵ۣһڣܽɻܡ
Щһ˵Ͼ͵õ˵ͬһʮط۵ʵޱȣǶ̶ʱھͻͽģ淨ǧѣ˵ǼˣǼǧ꣬궼ûǷǳ顣
ûΪھͬʱ˵淨Ǿ޿ܵ飬ȫΥ֪ͳ
Ҳǵǵĵط
ԻķͶӰսͬһģͬΪڣ۸ͲһˣͻƵھԴ֮أûлĿУôŶ޼¡
ôսǱذܵģкܶ˶Ϊһͻᱻܡ
֪ذܣûκʤ㣬ȴƫƫսۣⲻǻȡʲô
Ŀ⣬˵ͼ



1709 ʤ
һڣɻܷ
λʮط۽ĻһλԽǿȴɫŹ֡
ǵգɨ˫һϢ֪˺٣ȶ۵£Ҳû˻ȥϾǽ棬֪ˣﶼģλǿ֮һ
ȻҲãս۵ĽҪ˵һھͻܷ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪Ϊ˫۳Ĭ֮ʱŲǷ۳ڣѾɨڶˡ
ڽڣʵֹǰ
ô̵ʱҲ˶١λǿѰ˼š
˵Ŀ⣬ۼڷϣȴһսĽ
~
ԵͶӰҲûʧ΢һȭ󣬽ڽ︡𣬳ңңն䡣
һɲǣ޾ĹâХϯս硣
~
ۿֻһն䣬ɲǼ䣬âͳ۽磬˼磬ĳ£ڵ磬ͬˮĵ̰Ӱ̱٣
۳ڷɽĵ·ϣȻţµɣ½˾롣
һĿֲҲ֣֮ûΪı仯
Ȼ
ոɵ磬⾪һǰȻ֧Ųס˲ͱ٣ϣһɡ
ս磬ǿ˷һ
սı仯Է˵ûκӰ죬˵ǿˣŷһն䣬
ǣεΰ
ôܡ˶ŵĺ˳ǲԼ۾
Ҫ֪ս綼ԽԽǿģһս类ʱһӵǿ󣬷һȴҪսܳܵס׵ǿ󵽺̶ֳȥ
͵սʱҲȫԸʱųű˵һս硣
սĳսߵľ൱ģȻͷʵ޴󣬵ҪűһսѶȣȴͬġ
ų֮ˡɽľ콾ҪȫԸܳűս磬һȴ
֮ȫ֮
ѡ˳͵۵ĻһܰܵУ
ôܣôܡ
ѾɫҰף˵ǰ˵һռӣһڶܻܵˣҡҡ׹оǲ֮ɫ
ģҲ̫ˡ
ѹѡۣ˶˵̫ûսˡҲȻ
ڷǰû˿ڷ֮޿ʵȴ˹ҲˣΪʲôѡ
޷⣬ôģǣʵǰȴ޷ɡ
Щˣ;һһˡ
ô£죬ȻܿһǸڵʩչģǡǡ෴ƶһطȫﵽһ۷壬̺˱淨
˸õӰڶ𣬳Ľ
ԣЦñ粵ôǿֵز
һ磬Ҳ̫С֣Ϊʥı̫ˣʹγɵľս磬Ҳ˵ȶԲŻһ½
ȻȻžսأҲɣͬ£ȻԶԶں֮ϡ
ۣ²Ƕ֡
һߵۡ
¡~
Է⾪׵һҲǲʾһ˫ȭȻᴩ磬µȭ
ȭһʩչҪرÿһȭǺأʣһ˶ȭͷѹ
ڣ˿ĺȻɫ䣬鴫ȥ޵еȭ¸֧Ųס̾ͻܡ
ȻڷǰɨһеȭҲռϷ硣
ŷչ֮ʩչ޾һ֮ϣʱű˵ĸս磬ûȭ۵ӰΪ˻ҽ
ϧһãȭķɡ
ڵ·ϣЩź۸ʩչȭ¶֮ˣڣȴǲ˲١
Ӯˡ
û˻һڷ֮ʵעˡ
ֶһڷɽ֮ˣʥ¡ʥݣ˽ס
ȵȣûͣѵ˵
ܿ죬˾𾪵ķ֣սʤۺ󣬷ûͣǼǰȥ



1710 
ʲô
ѵ˵ߣôܳɹ
ŵĽ˳һѡ񣬱ѡս۶ҪӵĲ˼顣
ʥܵϷɽĵڶ㣬ǹʶ
һҪޣͻ⵽зţһʮֻ֣нȫսʤһ㡣
ʥ˭ܰ쵽
ܣԲܣذɡûţ
ϾսۣѶȲ֪˶ٱʮλǿ߰Ȼ˲ǰǿ󣬵Ӯˡ
ˣˡ
սʤۣҪȫԸ˵ʮλǿߣûӮġ
۵һս˿ȻһֱռϷ磬֮ԷֳʵԲʮ˿⡣
Ҳ˱죬Ը׷
֮ǰսۣͬû˿ãǷȴǴǵսʤۣ˭˵һ첻
Թûʥ£ڶİɡ֮һ
û𣿡
ȴҡҡͷˣڶġ
˽ȻҪˡ
͵֪ʷʥ£˵ڶ㣬ֻЩˣʱʥˡ
죬ʵǿҲʥ
ǺǣֹǴڶ㣬Ǵ˵ģҲûУ翪ٵǸʱӢűȺ貣ܱȵġҲ͵뵽һ顣
˵ͷ
λӣֻбֳʵĻ£ҪֹڴˡһתҲ÷
Űɡûж˵Է˽⣬ûаյ顣

Ŀ㣬ǰȥ
ûкڣҲû
Լʹڴ֮ǰﻹûеףһսȴҲ֪ˡ
ܳɹġǷԼжϡ
ȷʵʮλǿߣûӮ
һ㣬ʹǷҲ޷ϣڷɽģһߣһۣǣ󲿷ֵˡ
ǣûϣġ
֪ԼԶԶûдﵽ۷ʱ̡
ոͻƵڣ涼˵ӦԶͬˡ
ȻĹâҫ£淨˷һļޣһսʹָսʤۣ淨ϣκ֮ͬˡ
ҵ磬ͬʱ֮ͻ֮ˣҸӵǿ󡣡
Ĳ㣬ҲûֲĻᡣ
һأҴˡ
鵭Į
~
һսƾճ֣˽ȥͬʱɽһ㣬ʮâʢΪʮҫޱȵĹ⻪ȥ˷ڵľս硣
ʮλǿԻռһǣۡ͵ۡԪۡȵȡ
ûжĻ
ЩǿһԻȫԸŷȻɱ
һս磬ǵºȻ飬һֱ߸սǿֲϯأ޴ӡ
ǿ緽Ļֺΰ£ҲҪ޵
Ȼϵ飬ȴû˿仯Į

һͺȡ
һ̣ᴩ񷣬ӷ︡һγڷţһھ֮ϵƽ٣йһ͡

ߵĵر
Ȼһߵĵر󾪣۹⣬ϷûκΣ׾ͿıʣĿʶ˵
ߵĵر൱ȻҲܿԶδָҲʮطִƵġ
ңɺ޹ءҡҡͷȴ¶һ˿Цݡ
ףĴʲôˡ
Ļ˵пܡ
ִ칥һ͵ļ϶ԥȫתط󣬹ͨ˱Դ֮

ӴޱȵıԴ֮ڷܣģ֮꣬ԶԶ֮ǰλںĵȫűԴ֮
ڵΪƶһɱ䡣
תսȽ׵ҪǷȱģǱԴ֮ʱҲٽ
ڣһѡ
Ҫ֪Դ֮أһĸԴͬҲǱԴ֮ԴͷڣԴ֮ȡԶԶֹ°빦
ԭǽԶʱڷһ֮£̴ﵽ˽
¡~
޾٣սû׺ַɳΪ׺



1711 ڶ
ߵĵرܻδգȴҲԶŵرܱȣⷬʮĶ춯أټϣԴ֮أ֮ʢǳ
¡~
޾׺٣Ի߰׺֮䣬һʱ䣬طս˲䱻űֲޱȵѹ֣ͬǴ˵︴
۵ˣԱڣ֮УǵĹƶʱ߽⣬Ҳ᧿Σ
˱ѹĴʱǰڽ֣նˡ
۸ʵǷĶ֣޾׺ԷӰȻСʱָռϷ磬ת۾ͽһǿնɱ
~
ڵһǿ߱鿪֮ʱҲĻޱȣͬ齵٣ɨ޵Уһܹڷɽľǿ߷׷ڽڽޱ顣
ǲǿĽĶ̫ˣǵ
һΣýڽĽһٻ˽İٽˡ
Щǿߣǰٽܱ֮ȵģҲȽڽ
ߵĵرıʣԴ֮أγɵǺεȵĿֲЩǿǱѹ뷽ͬľ磬ڣȻ޷ֵ˿ֲй
գ׺ɻصΧĵˣҲֻʣˡ
ɱ~
ȣ˫֣֮ʩչ۵Ҳ˽ȥ
ò˶ãʤʱķǰӵǿҲӵĲսʤ

ôܡ
Ȼ
˿Ŀɿڴû뵽׵ضǷĻͬҲδػЧҪӮʮ˵֣ؼǿ
㶵ĿŷԼĻڷǰһնɱ޷ء
ȻԸԼ˲ãԵģʮˡ
ʥţ˻ô졭ɿЦɹصϲõȻ޴档
ЩӷˣҲ졣
ʵǰʹûʥһݣҲڷɽܱȵġ
˸õӰĸпһ𣬳Ľ
ľޱ֣ˡ
һʼԷĺ棬ĵ׶ٻЩΪȻʱȴóϷ
Цĳ졣
Ҳû뵽ߵһѾԶԶԤƣŴδ漣֮ˡ

ִ˫һ·ͨ裬ߵ˵·ľͷҲһޣǰһʱ˸ߵһ㡣
~
ǿһ磬ΧóޱȣǿѹϵĴȻǿޱȳء
һ仯һ漴Ȼˡ
Ƿɽĵڶ㣬ʥĵطĴѹƣͲǵһܱȵġ
ǵʥıʣͲΪƾˡ
˷ɽڶ㣬ʥܿĵطȻ֪ΣܷɹأȴֺЩ׼ȥ֮ʱͻȻɽ˱仯
ŵڶâɢǱһ˫δֲǰ
սڶķҲ˿
ȻЩȱ仯ȴҲûж룬Ŀ˷
ȴɫ䣬ʹǳڴ˵Ҳ÷ɽı仯Դ֮أֻһ
ʢӢűܳɹʧܣʱ˿̣Ӧۼ֤һƽ͵Ц͵ɫʱ˱仯Ҳɱù֡
ɽڶ㣬û飬ֻһ·ͨķ
򣬺͵һһģһ
̧ͷϷֻâҫ췱ǣ֮࣬ԶԶ˵һ㡣
ʷʥδȫ󲿷Ӧö
ĿҲһһϣԿ塣
ҪΪʥܾ֪૵
ʥӦò̫٣ؽ綼жʮ죬˵ˡ
ʮطȻ࣬ϧɽҪʵ̫ߣס˾ųɾϵˡ
ѡ񡣡
һͬ⣬˷ǰһεĶ֣ʥˣͬʥҲͨʮطܱȵġ
ôѡһѡһɣ̲ס
ɣǿʥ
޷Ϸ˼·Ҳ¶ԣҪˡ
üͷһ塣
Ҳû뵽ܴڶ㣬ǵһ̽·Եڶ㷽һ֪ģ֪ÿһӦһλʥҲܿѣһϷɽҲȥ


1712 ѹ
ѡһ·Ҳڿһ⡣
Ŀ⣬ϷһɨȻ壬ķѡս֮ǰҲ֪˭˭˭ͣǴе׵ģƫ̫Զ
Ƭ̺󣬷ٲ̤еһ·ڷѡͬʱ·ľͷâתķҲǻ¶㡣
ѡ񣬵Ҳ֪ӦǷĺãǵĺá
ڶڶ֮УķҲģλмƫµλã±ȳ͵ڵһλԸһЩ
һѡ֮У֮⡣
һΪӻڵһʱֱѡķЦ˹ھ޴ɽϣû̸׾ٵġ
ɽڶǵһɱȵġЦҡͷǼλնĳڡ
ûնĳڣͬڷɽĵڶ㣬ǵ㡣
ȻЩ˵λãԶԶ߹ʥϣֻǲٴҲ޷һ㡣
ȻӦննϵġ
磬ʷܴģҲֻôˡ
һʼĵģǷ֪ѡսǼʹٿ÷ҲΪܳɹϾնĴڡ
ãǵģûбƵһϲøͷԣäĿѡ
һ¡
ֻǡλмƫµҲ֮
ɿЦҲ֪÷ѡķս²ԸҲǷԼģΪˡ

ɫ΢뵽ʥ磬Ҳʮ󶥼֮һ
ڳ棬һλԺʮطۣ˵Ŀҡͷ
֪ķǳ١
һϵʥǧǰͳɾʥ͹۷ʱ̣ûж˶꾡˽⣬Ǻˣ˶Ҳһͷˮ
ʥҲ٣޸ͬΪʥ⣬֪ʵڲ࣬ʹͬһҲ⡣
;ʱ䣬ҪֻǣȻ˽͡


ŵ·ͷԻķλδŹҲ޴жϣһ硣
Ҳ֪ʥ٣ô棬ҪѡϤʥʷǳĵ͡
ֻǣ˫֣˭кξ塣
첽ϣԽһξϷâһâȻصѹϡ
һж͵һһģһʥķѹȻʮطۿɱȡ
ڶĴѹƣԶһ㡣
~
һޱȵĹâ䣬ֳޱ߻þǳɽ񺣡κһâ䣬ȵϵһɽۣټǵǿ緽оŲά裬Ҳɱû
ˣɿĵһɫ΢䣬Ļ߳Զ
ʥܵڡ
ܲߵͷ૵
ȻֵޱȾޣڷɽϣ޷ʵǿҲ޼¡
˭ܿɽڶѹԶԶ˵һ㣬߸һģȫԨ֮
ŲסˣǶ֮յ͵ɫ䡣
ڵڶ㳬֮ķ¹â֮ʱͲظۿϾҪＫޣǶôʱ֮յ⣬ذɡ
ֻǣѹû뵽ڶ׶ΣھͶյ·ôߡ
ȵȣЩûж̲ס˳
΢΢ͷʱûģϷնˣǲмȥģǷսǣҪԽǣŻǵ
ʧȥЩΪǿķѹӲûж˿ĵڶα仯ѹ֮Զ֮ǰ
~
˿ڷԽˣķ֮ʱϵЩâȻתһɽÿһɽϽ񷣬µŴأӡŷ֮·ǿž͸˳ޱȵĸоǱŹᴩص
Щɽһѹͬ㸲֮ʢ޷
ˡ
˶ΪذʱͻȻ˺ڰ׽֯Ĺâţͱƺ̤˱Ĳ档
̲ס֮յ¶ģ淨ʽ
ʱ˾ѡʲô淨Ȼκɡ
Ϸǳĸɽ͹âһ٣ƺסλãһ̣ǾǺȻһҲǴ״̬룬Ȼⱦļ϶Ȼǰ̤ȥ
岻ϱţʱ޿޺ʵķֽ磬ʱıԼ̬ϵĹâ͸ɽҲԽԽ࣬ԽԽ
һʵҲҪˣȻʼնһߡ
ʱܽĿֲѹһ֮䣬첽ɣתۼ䣬ߵ˵·ľͷ



1713 ս
ɹˡ
ڵ·ͷһ̣һֻѵĸоҪվסš
ߵɣʵȴ쳣һƫͻᱻϷѹ£㲻ҲˣεĴҲʧˡ
ڸ˿ߣΣտֻ֪ǣ˴˷Ҳ
ɽڶ㣬ԭͲôΪʥ׼ġ
ΣǴˣսʥˡ
ѸƽĿǰ
~
âʢķתתϯ·ݻһս磬һӴӹâлĳ֣һھ֮ϵѹҲǶȻ١
·Ǹ߸ϵД˼䣬վȴĽ¡
ʥ

ǷԻһ̣ҲĶҡһĽҪĸоǲһʮط۹¶òסеĵӲȭš
ʥ֮ڴˡ
ں֮ĵޣŵѹ˺ѣҶһ£ͬľܣϵʥֻ֮ԶԶϡ
´ʱԻķͶӰзڵľ磬Ȼʥıǲġ
ǰҲᱻ׻ܡ
һȻһеʱ쳹أھ֮ϵѹɢݳıĸоҲ֮ʧ
ʥΣ¡
ıߵĵرͬһ𣬰㲻ȻԶδգֻʮļ𣬿ǰͶӰͬзڵľ磬˿·硣
Կʥʱ֣һʵҲԷӳ
ɡ
Ŀ㣬ûΪʥҡȻǰһеȻն䡣
~
ᴩ˲񷣬նһ˺ѿնԶ
濴ŵ޲ǵľһκޱĳ֣ʥҲұ
ڽɨµʱ򣬷ȫ߶ñ˿ıʣȴûǣ˿޲ɫ䣬ǵĻѵֵ
ΪʥȻǲᱻ־ھ֮ϵĿֲѹӰ졣
һն䣬죬˺գս粻ϵıֲϵɣȥܽﶼһնϡ
ȻվΧĿռȴǱ޹ֹ졣
֮ľ룬ǹ̶ģȴһ˲䣬ǧɽˮһ֮ԶԶ
ûʡպյһ˺գȴʼ޷ӽնϣˣ˴˼ľԽԽԶѸԶȥ
һĻǷǰڵ·ϣѹĳݣ˷Ϥĸо
ǣȴűϵĲͬ
л״̬ޣӶ÷ɽ޷ܣʩչģȴǸı֮Ŀռ䣬÷һζ䲻¡
ġиܵһ㡣
Ҫûôװ̾Ϣһ㲻ΧĿռʱ̱仯ţ淨
ķԻҲǵ˵ͷ
Ƕص㣬֣ͽչ¶š
Ҳǣڲ֮ء΢Ҫڲ֮أŲͬķţ򷨲һǰȻҲǡ
򶼴򲻵ĸıռ룬⻹ô䡣
ǣ޵С
Ϊ޵е淨ݿռģҲֹһˡ
Ŀ֮Զһ磬֮ֻ㡣
һԼһĿ꣬мңԶ룬̹;һƬɽˮǽߣӡ
ıģΧĿռ䣬һңԶԶȥĴʵϣλһֱ㶨䡣
뵽ԥһն֣ʧڷǰžͿԽңԶľ룬ǰһݺնȥͬʱ˲䱬ձ˺ѣӹȥ
⾪˵һ£ȴסˡ
һָ̧𣬵סĽ⣬ôĵĶȴӲģͣռѷ컹΢棬ûָ˿ۼ
ƣ㲻䡣
ǿҲ޷ڼԺ㶨䣬Ҳ˿Ӱ졣
~
ûͣЪնԽ˴˼ľ룬ϵն䣬Ȼնʮ䣬ȴɵ
һս޹ƽջʥҲû̶ָƬֳܷ̾ʤһ̽ʵҲһ˽⡣



1714 ɹ
~
ˡ
ΪʥȻֻվŰô㱾죬̽ǡ
һֱ̤ӿԽ˱˴˼ңԶ룬˷ǰ̧𣬳ŷһ
ϣӳ㲻Ĺâ֮ﶼֹͣתԶͣһ̣ͬʱֹͣΨһܶģֻ
ΧͣһֻС󣬳ѹ
͵նҫ˺գȻᴩգȴڽӴ㲻ĹâΧľֹʱٶȱԽԽͣΪһӡ
˺ѵգҲӹȥٶͬԽԽһξ룬ֹͣ˶ǾֹĻУҲǶһĿĵľ޴Ѻۡ
ʹնʱͬѸٱ仺
ʲôͣھֹ״̬㲻䡣
ʥ̾һΣڽҲǳ˫
ʥѹڽǲݻᷢӲʵһ֣Ĺʱһ̨ףȫᴩܵľֹնϡ
ֻǣڴֹʱȻ󽵣˲
һƣվǵ
޼֮ӱ˴˼ľ룬ֱӹԷ;ȻҪģҲûô׾ͽ
ɡս𣬶ԽǿսҲԽߡ
ʥĶ֣⻹ǵһ
ʥһͣ¡
ڽַ֣ԥķ˹֮֮Ӳ
~
սڷȫֺҲǳܲס
סˣȻסˡ
Ȼܿͬʥ
˿Ŀɿڴж֮ɫ
ʥǺεȵǿԶԶʮط֮ϣȻʥչ黹ʥ֮ȡ
Ƿڵľ磬ʥľ󲿷ӲҲʮطܱȵġ
ʱԻȻǷ棬ġ
Ȼ⣬ʥս˿·磬βޱȡ
ôܣôģ꣬ôز૵Խǰʵ
ҲͰˣǿҲܽܣɷǣġ
硢淨һ䣬ô룬޷⡣
~
ȫ֣˫ݺնϣնȥ
ǿȻǿޱȡ
ڷһڹ꣬ˣȫ֣ڶʩչ֮Ǻεȵľ춯أ˵ǷˣۺڶδܽӵȻǰȴǱʱֻʮ֮һ˵
ľֹ򣬷ʱֹͣ
λʥѧû漰ʱ䣬Ϊģ㶨ʹΧҲάھֹ״̬УҲɱĻܵӰ졣
ؼҪƻֹ򣬾ͱĺ㶨״̬
ֻһˡһγ֮ʱӷϣȻһڰ׽֯Ĺâɨȥ
ֻһǰ
뾲ֹ򣬼ʹֻ⣬ҲɱܵӰ죬վǴ˹ȥɨϡ
һ٣¶ã֮ɫ
ֻӰ£ļܵӰ죬ص˻ûֵһ̣ǰʵ˳ͻҲʹһҡ
ʵԼֻⱻĳ̶ȣ첻ɶӰ죬ʹ䱻޸ģҲάֲ˶ãһ˲Ͱ˳ָ
Ȼⵯָһ˲Ļᣬȴץˡ
һһԾʤ֮Ӱ첻ֻȴԡ
ɲǵңʹ״̬Щ
֮
ط󡣡
ûаԥȫ֣طƶʩչ֮
ܱ֮˥֮
ݻĲ˴ߵ۷һ̣ڽƿն񽣣ЮΪǿ˾ֹ򣬺ݺնϡ
ֲһζ״̬˱䶯һǺͣЪ
һĲնûָĻᣬǳ״״̬
~
һХᴩأΪ⣬ص˷棬Ҳǳڷɽϡ
Ӯˡ
ڽˡ
ʤ˲Լͬ˿Ǽ֤һ漣ʮط֮սʤͬʥڷɽڶɹϢȥ綼Ϊ֮䶯ɡ
Σչǽˡ
˵̬죬ϲãмʣɬ
ȻǻζӵϾͱһϡ
ߡ



1715 ת
ɽϣսʤȴûоôͣǼǰ߶
·ûκγΪ˶ˡ
ѵ˵봳ȥôܡŵĺ˳
ȷʵܡ
Ǻˣ;Ҳһ㶼÷ȷڷɽڶҪ
Ҫ㣬ͱʥսôӮˡ
ûΪܳɹ
ͷһս˶ʹǷҲǼȡʤ֮Ĳಢ
Ȼڷɽڶ㣬λмƫ£ǿʥв١
˵Щʥһˣֳ붼ͷƤ飬ΣûʤĿܣҪӵڶ㴳㣬ȵһ㴳ڶҪǧٱ죬Ͳһġ
㻹ĵرԸ۵˻ãҪԸʥǣȴɲ϶ó
ףʹʩʼӮҲ΢΢
˵ߵĵرģһңôܻиࡣ
ĿԴɣս۵ʱû˿ɽڶʱ򣬻û˿սûΪӮǣȴȫ쵽ˣȻڵսȥ޿ܣǣûоԡ
Ҳˣ˻󣬽û¶ԡ
ϾǰʵǰŹȥһûԸⱻ׳벻ɣܿͻ֪ûҪǰ½ۡ
Σܹڶ㣬ǳɹġ
ûܷϡ
սʤ󣬷ѾʸڷɽڶʹεĴʧܣҲı䡣
˵Ŀ⣬ڷϡ
ǸǣûгɹĿԣǰľȴò˽һϣڷϡ

ĿƽȲǰС
һδǺεȼѣ˭ȷ
ɽжλʥһ֮Щˣһֱǿһһ൱
һ÷ֶξսʤһٶˣ֪
ȻҲкֺ׼ϣȻã
ǣҲһҲûС
ǰ洳صľ
ӵڶ㵽㣬ᱻеڶķȺ֮ȻʱԻķͶӰҪǰսԻķϲ١ܿ϶һ㡣
Ƚ֣ʵ˽ķǳ꾡Ҳܿ϶֮ʱԻۣսʱС
û´ĻʱٶԻҲ
иҲ˵¶â뵽һֿܣҲ뵽һĵط
ɽĹҪͱսʤһˣûʲô˵ġ
Ҫߣһ㣬ȴҪһķȺ֮ͲǺܺˡ
򣬺ԶԺ߲
ɽճֵʱֻһҪȥֻҪ⼸˵սɣȻ˽գȴҪսʤһٶˣ֮ȫ֮ûκιƽԡ
ûֵ
ǰ۷ʵ仯÷һЩߡ
ʲôʱ򴳹أҲܷɽѾ˶ٷϲѶȣӦöһġ
ǿ˶
ڷɽڶķһ٣֮ڣǸԵʵȻҲᱻӦҪȥȫʢʱǡ
ûԴ󵽣սʤһٶλͬʥһٶ࣬ǲ²⣬ʵĿܸࡣ
ȻЩֻǷĲ²⣬ȴΪ֮һˡ
ڵʵҲԴأˣһ¡΢Цţ첽ߵ˵·ľͷ
~
սԻ룬ɽڶзȫâʢһײ˾ս磬ţһλλʥԻδ֣ǿֲѹǿ˼㣬þս˲Ρ
һλλʥǿޱȣ
Ȼȴһۣֻһ£΢ڵ֮Ϳʼں
ͬʱһĸоҲԷΪģ˷ɢ
ܡ
һ¶˺ɫףĴʲôˡ
޵ľתҪ٣˶ˣ˷⡣
û׼Դ֮أƵķɽϣȻɽ١
ǵĴ٣ת
ʱգ˷ڣ淨۷壬ڽҲʮ켶𣬷Ȼ¾㱸Ҳһ⴫˵Уޱյת



1716 
߰˾̣ǵ޵ľתУΣͬʱҲѵΣѶ֮ǰ֮
ǿ緽ûгְյȥóȻ٣Ϳɼһߡ
񣬷ȴѾ¾㱸
ǰһεں߲֮ΪıʺͺģӦģҲǵŭ
Դ֮أǿҵųжվķ
ǹһվϣĿȥ
~
ǿѭ뷽֮ϵ׼ȷλɲǼ䣬ͿԽ޷ľ룬Ȼٴ˵أޱߵغᴩԴ֮صĲ񷣬ţҲͷ
ɫһ䡣
оغֵһ̣Դ֮ص͹ͱŤˣǵ£͸Ŷų˳ȥֻ߲
һٱ䣬ջ侲
ʸıģλ˵صնڣȻûг֣Լֺαضһ١
ǵ޵٣˸治á
ȻԴ֮أһĸԴڣνǿѹͷߣӲҪΪ֮Ļδزѹغһôˣʲô˵ˡ
Ƿ٣ķҲֻҲάת̵ĳ̶ȡ
ǣһԴ֮زֽ߲࿹ˡ
ֺ޷󣬸мĿܣΣԴ֮صĴû˸
̧ͷȥͷغ䡢ֺ룬һڵζš
ոֹķĸӦһ㡣
ԶԶ֮ϵ㣬Ų𣬽ӽ˲ܾ࣬ǲࡣ
ߵغֳ֮ɫһ޼ʵĴ󺣣麣
һ࣬һڰԻ;ĵ
~
ͻȻغϣһ֧Ƿ׷׻һֻֻǿıŷɱ
Դˣһ㶼⣬ĳÿһζٶظ
Щ֮۵飬ÿһֻʮط۵ʵвڼģȻרԷҪǿ౶
޾ɫڽ֣ӭЩ顣
ͬʱҲû˿Σھ֮ϵĿֲѹҲǶȻ٣鶼һͣжٻ
ֲֿѹֻʥ˵ȲŻУǴѹ
棬˶ļ٣ȴŷٵĽԴغԴ֮Ͽպ󣬾ͽ˽ȥٵĳ粻ɼ
ȻȻģɽϵսҲͣսûʧһԻʥҲȻȴŷٵĽ
ΪвѰ
Ϊܴأǿж٣ʧܰɣ૵
ȻҪڶ㣬ϣǳãֻܽǳ֮Ҳǰת̡
ֻΪ׾ͻᱻΪǷǿΪ֮Ϊ˴ضɽ٣Ļ׼Ȼ֣ҲʹʧܵĿܡ
ճ˵û˻ô
ϾɽʧһΣһεĻᣬҲüһʱǶһʧܣǾǳˡ
ᣬҲסȻ»ҷ
¾£ǰʤͷԣǵΪûʮյ£ǿжɽ١
жٰգҲûף
ֻ֪λӴûаյ顣ҡҡͷҲŵġ
٣û˸˵ʮʮİգ˵⻹ǵĴ٣ʷϣж׿ת̵¡
һֱ侲
ҪλʥͺЦˡҲĻ⣬Ͳ÷¡
̬졣
ûǵ϶ãȻУ³ǰ£żսĺۼȥ״̬ȴܺãûʲô֧
ɹˣȹ٣˶Ϊ֮ϲ
ûСĿеĵûмٷֺϷغǻûʧȻĺبԶ
ǰȣת̻һҲѵһأڴˡ
ת̿ʼ߲ǿή٣Ю֮
飬֮۳ĲдƷߵʵҲԨ֮
պΣգڲſʼ
ģʲô顣
һ˿ڴսеĳ
߲ͬˣת̻ҲͬڶԷǰҲǲö֪


1717 ̻
Ƿ˶ڵȴٵһ仯
ؽǿĸ֮һ޸ڶ࣬һϵ߲ͨ磬ǵλ磬ڵ޵ľתڳһ֪ʹǵޣҲ֪޵תʲô
ʲô飿
˵Ŀ⣬غϡ
ٽһı仯غҲǷ˱仯ԭǾبţͬŲ䣬ȻܿʹغУһ֮۵֧ҡֱϣϷ߲֮ڻһ
ţƺǹͨһ磬֮ڵĵطһҲǻֳ
ԶС
ǻ졣ųֵͻԽԽ࣬ҲǺܿͱϳ
ǻĳһڡ
תһ߲ǿһ߲磬ȴģûʲôڿȴԻĳֻǿ顣
ڸ߲磬̽Ҳ٣ıҲ֪١
˵ԺУڻǿһȴ޷ĿǰֵĳУƶϳһƬΪİûԸ߲̽ޣδ֪ĵطֻռݴ󲿷֡
ų仯ֳҲԽԽӴ˿ˣں֮УһӴޱȵǳȻӳ۽硣
ԶˣУųǿǳҲȻӴ޿󣬲һС
ǡ˶ʱɫ䡣
֮УǳضǣںܳǲһСǳͷǳˣұȻλڼߵ
ѵ˵ֻǿǳ֮ϣ
˲²䣬ֳĳȴȻӹӴǳŻԽԽǳǰÿһǳӴ磬Ⱥǣ˳ǿŶĶҡԼڳʮطۣҲֻڴ֮ޣ֮·һʱ򣬲Żͬĸܡ
ɫ䣬ѾµˣԷ˭
ž޴ǳ֮䣬һƬޱ޼ʵ󺣣ϵǳϣҫǹ⣬ע֮УͻȻǲʲô˾κˣһӰӴзڶԾǳ֮䣬ݺȥ
˿ŷһֻǿ֮ıۼ֮ϣӡһſŵǳǹһɢŹâȥۼ
ѵʳǳ̻֮𾪵
˵ͷ̻
飬ȻǴĴ˵Ҳǿޱȵ壬ڼڻ춼ǼΪ
һʮط۵ʵħһ˵УΪǿ̻һһ磬Ϊ֣봫˵棬ǻ۷壬ֻϡ٣ˣû˵
û뵽̻΢
޵תϣûгֹǿ۷飬Ҳֻĳλްתʱ򣬲ųһΣҲֵ֪ڣû뵽ھˡ
ǰֻ̻Ȼתʱֵֻһǿ󣬵۷飬ǿޱȣܷӦ
ȴҲֽȥ̾ͻи߲Ĵ˵ｵǾͲʰˡ
У̻ҲȷʲôĿͶڵλá
˫޷룬ңң
ţ̻չǰǰҲǳһ޴Ż紩˹
ǰңļӭԡ
˶ǵһ
˽߲磬ܵų⣬ѹƣͬĵ̻٣Ҳᱻų⣬˵ﻹԴ֮ˣغֺ̻ȴǵһѹӰ⣬ûӰ쵽ֺ̻
̧ͷ̻߱Ҳǵһʱڷϡ
ûжԣҲҪ
սʤ̻ܶȹ٣̻Ҳ뷽ƽ֮䣬ֻһܴ
ɡ
ǰЩֺ̻ͱһɨգ˫һƬƽֻ¼ᶨƵս⡣
һ쳹񷣬ֱ񷣬ϵĴѹҲ˲ѹһС
̻ϣһſǳǳ֮ƣˣͬȺ׹䡣
~
˫ݺײһ𣬿ֲ˵˲䱬



1718 Ƕ
׺ŭΣޱ޼ʵصÿһ䣬׺Ͽգһſǳ׹ͬ㡣
ֲ֮ײţɨ˷һС
ʱ̻һڿս»ѣǸĵ˲֪ꡣ
ǣȴԴ֮أǷɽ
غᴩ񷣬ҲǸ⣬˫սôңҲǴȥ
ۺڡ
ʵһչǰҲ˷Ӧǿ֮
ͨķۺڷǰҲᱻɻܣľ磬Ƿڡ
ȻڴɽĹУս˶ʶһ㣬ȻһεĿã̲סе𺳣Խսȫڻ¡
ǣ̻Ҳ
޵٣ĸ߲ǿ飬ԻΪĿġ
Ȼ߲ıܷŷ֮Ի˼ѣΪյǵڰ˼֮Եʣڷʵ߲粻֪
ʥȻҲף֮ǰһδػǶ֡
һײѾȻ
ʥôֱָʥյ·Ҳûκηյģʷϣ;ʥҲôһ
תȷʵΣޱȣֻ̻ʵڷۺҲǼΪǿģ˼ѹ֮¡
ֻǣҲˡ
ԣԻΪĿĵ٣ıﶼȵǿһȼƵǾһʹǷҲҪ׼Ÿȥɽ١
ʥ磬֮ͻ֮ղʹ÷̫ͬ࣬ҲͬȾʥⲻ߲Ԥϵģ񣬴۷״̬µķȫģܶȹһ١
̻쳤ХԾţǳҫһʱ䣬Ⱥ׹䣬ɱ˷
߲ڱ֧ţĴѹҲᱻĵ٣غϾͻὫ֮ʹһֱȫ
˾˵ƣȲִͬһĳǽ
ȻڷǰȴͬǺˮײ˵̰ϣ˶á
ִ˫֣ò˶ãռϷ磬̻ûߵǣȴҲ
ڣŷһն̻Ӵ˺Ƭһ٣Ҳ˽
߲˷
غס˷һ̣ĶѭصϵңԶޱȵĸ߲ϵһƺǻ߲һ֣У䡢嫵ĸоꡣ
ͬ㲻Д߸ϣıǨʼһ
˳ĸоûгãغʧص˸߲磬ҲǺȻը塣
һγʱȻ̥ǣת˳ɡ
תȻ÷̿Խһ磬ȴҲʵ״̬Ҳǻָ۷ʱ̡
ûκԥս磬һʥķ
ⳡ;ϵս̱
ɱ~
Ŀ䣬ûһ˿һη壬ִ˫ɱλʥ
ڰ׽֯Ĺâӱ𣬺ޱߣϯˣֻɨһЩĿͣһЩɫ䣬Էֻ⣬ԶӰ쵽ˣȻֻӰеһС֣ȴʲô¡
ڷֻ˷ָսݺ䣬ʱǿС
ˣȻС˲١
ʥĽ֣֤һ㣬Щ˵ʵǿҲֻǱǿһԶԶӦǵݣȻǱˡ

һٶλʥͬһ磬˭Ƕ֣ܳΪʥģһǺɨ£ͬ޵С
ǵʵҲֻⷢӳá
ˣһѹҲǿǰģ÷ȫȥӦսǷӳ˳޵
ִͽڽ֮ӵ˼£սݺᣬиһУŨ˥Ϣÿһ䣬糱纣Ԩơ
â졣
ɱҲȫͶ˽ȥڽϲУսʤǿе˷һ·նԡѪսϲ֪˶صƣǶ˶˺һǿУᶨƵ֧ûа
ڣƺԶͣµĹʧˣĿȥ֪䣬Ȼ˵ڶ㣬뵽塣


1719 Ϊ
ڷϵһ̣ûܱƽ
ɹˣĴ˵㡣ŵȺ
ǰδУǰδС
˼ͨ죬磬޲ľǿߣʱֵģҲͨ˺õȥ
Ϊȷʵ̫˼ˡ
ʮط֮Ǵ˵ڶ㣬Ǵڶʥ֮ӲɱһѪ·ߵ˵㣬˳ɾͣԶԶǵⲻǽһʥܽ͵ˡ
˸õӰ𣬳ޱȵĽ
仰˵˺üΣȴûһΣʵ⣬ɫĵӣԶҾݵģ˶Ĺʺˣյ˵ӡ
¶Цݡ
ǰݣҲ̲סЦľϲʵ̫ˡ
ԭҲûԷ̫ϣֻϣڵһͲˣ֪ȴǳ׵ĳԤϣڷɽϣͻƣ붼λá
ǣɽ㰡м
ͽˣ򸴺
~
ǰӰһΣһŲ۵ӣ˫ţϢĳڵԣȥһͨͨũֻһ˫۾ȴ̲ͬ硣
ǰôˡһæ
ԶԴ֮رԵľ޷ǰȴҲǹ
ܱΪǰģԴ֮棬Ҳֻһλĵնǿߡ
ǰɽڶı仯˶ܿ壬Ҳǳλնǿߵֱʡ
û뵽ȻҪ֪ʦ֮һֵĿһֱڣԴ֮ظǲ֪ꡣ
Դ֮غжı䶯ҲԾʹǻħ֣Ҳ޷뿪ܾѾˣڸԵԷӡ
ܲŷĵЦݣŷɽϵķԹܵϷɽģΨˣڣֶһЩ֪ϢҲῪĲѰɡ
¼ܴ޵У·ƣߵʢǿһӢŲӿ֣ǰˣһʤһ
ȻߵĲϣɽֻĸϼһǿҲǵǵĸ߶ȣò˵һĪźڣ˸ˣ˲ġ
;ԶʱȻ𾴡
λԴ֮صնǿߣûŻ֮ûж֣֮ǵϲΪڴĺ󱲡ΪܼĲѡ
磬һ̵ġ

ɽ㣬ǰ㶼һķΧҲСԶȲ㣬һռ֮һɽ壬ڶռ˽ӽ֮ɽ壬ڵ㣬ֻʣ¼Сһ֡
ǣôСһ֣λڷɽĶ壬һ֮ϡ
ûһ۵ĵ·СС֮صģֻĸÿһǹâ貣ƺҫ硣
ĿȥĸҲһһֳ
棬ʥ棬
ˣǵؽ硢硢ԪͽĿߣҲǿλڡ
նǿߣܵٴ˵صģΨˡ
ڣֶһλ
~
³һڳ۾ӵڶɱƣƣƣ붯һ£վѾǽ߾ˡ
~
ӷɽϣͶһɫڣϵۿɼٶȻָš
ؼ֤šЦ棬оڴ
ڴţķ֡
Ҫսˣϵ֤һУ˲С
״̬֮УǰѸٸָ֣δǰ
֦ɢҶ̵ܳӵĳλ磬նɱһֻֻĳһ˫޵֣Ը׵ĳ
ֳǧѡ
ȴⲻδѡĵ·
ѡΪˡ
ɽķģ뱾ž޴Ĳ࣬еķеһ㣬Խ߲ķԽԽϸ¡
˿̣һ֮Уűġ
ò˶ãĿͼᶨѡ񣬴ûжҡ
ҵپƿˣҲ졣
ɽȻҫޱȵĹâҫÿһ䣬ӡÿ˵飬ţһâתķڷɽĶ建ֳҫš
ۡ



1720
Ʈ֮ĵȴš
Զͨɢ̬У˭ҲûжţȥǣʩѰΪĿʥ
ʵϣҲˡ
ͨɢȷʵŬˣǣûȻ֣Ŀʧˡ
ͨɢ֮ܣҲҲԷλá
ҪôǶԷ˲ףȻնϵҪôǶԷ䣬ǣĵط޷
ǰֿϱųʥĶ̫󣬲һϢûУ˵뽣֮һǿʥô䣬Ҫ˵Ļ綼
ԷҲߣϾͨɢ˵̽Ÿտʼ֮Ĺأܱô췢֡
ȥҲֻнڣŻ᳹׵޷̽飬磬˻磬Դ֮ء
ĵط٣ҲĹ˽ҪģǴϢ
ͨɢ˻Ʈ֮ԼϢ
ųһһɸѡȻҳпܵĿꡣ
ĵȴš
ͻȻ
ͨɢɫ΢ţȥԴ֮أĵλӣ
λʥͨɢһ
֮ʢʹ˵ʥ֣㹻˵עˡ

Ʈ֮ɫȴǱˡ
ʵ뽣֮һģңԴ֮ظ޷̽ڣʱҲӦϡ
ҪǣƮ֮ĵӷֻصѡ֮һ
ҲûУӷϵĿˣȫӦϡ
Ʈ֮ʹ޵˼㣬ҵԼܴɵףһаҲ˷йĶ
Ȼʹ֮࣬һɺֱš
Ҫ֪һμʱ򣬻Ʈ񾳣ʱķǷ۷壬ֻҲڶ㣬Ʈ֮ȫǲֵһᡣ
ǣŶʱ䣬ǵ˾ʮ㣬һ㣬Ʈ֮βо岻
ôܣôƮ֮ҡͷҪȥţҲҲȷӷϵĿꡣ
ѾҵˡͨɢԹۣҲȻ
ŷԴ֮صϢʹ˳
~
Ʈ֮ŭһ׼˵ϼ䣬ͻȻǰŹʱһ
תͷȥͨɢҲǿҵ֮ɫ
ǿҵĹԴҫԣ۽磬ɹâ֮Уֳֻ
ۡ
Ʈ֮ͨɢ𾪵վȻɫ䡣
ؽ硣
ŷͷ⣬׼ǣڵһʱ䣬۽磬ʵ
ͻȻ˵ĽŲһ٣ֻâӿأ渡ֳ۶֡
磬졣
Դǳʥս֮󣬳ǽڽƴǣ֮һʱҲˮǴߣȻǿҵĹâս˵硣
ۡ
֪૳𺳲ѡ
ͬһĻĻͨ˵ļǽ֮磬â˹â֮ת۶֡

񽣣٣ն֮λãá
ɽ£λնǿϲ̶һ仰ҲǽĴ̸쾡£ҲֻĿõˣܸܵǷ𺳡
۵ķڷɽĶ壬ҫ磬ڳȻҲ⣬˶Ī
ı仯޷ġ
ûһ˵ķȻôĶ
ֻǣҲȻģϾ桢˲еķԶԶ˷ɽĵһ͵ڶ㡣
ڳûмΪ˵֮⣬Ҳû֣֮ʱǻԶδ
ۡ
̾Ϣţ˫֪֮Ҫǿ١
ңԵΪȴҲǾʮطˡ
ţһΪ
ʮ磬ȫһΪؽ硢Ԫ硢ȣĴ磬ȫǶ֣֡
Ҳһ͵ۡ۵ȷţҲ֣һۣǵľ磬һΪʥ¾ǳˡ
һţȥһĵֻۣһ֡
ʣΪķţϷɽ١
ң۵ķţ桢ȲУλڷɽĶ壬Խͨŵķ룬һֱʹȥʹʥǿնǿߣҲһۡ
ĵ֣ٽǴʮطۣĺ壬һ޶
ǵ桢ȷһ
ɣֻҪԸ⣬ȫʮط۵ķŴӴ˷ı䣬õһ֣Ϊר



1721 ޴ջ
վڷɽ壬ı仯
ڷɽôرӣƼ񣬷߲ʣȻŴƣԶһ͵ڶķ
ֻǣڵľ磬ӦҲˡ
Ҳˡ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ȻӦĴڣ֮ȴ׳ɳţǳ˴ҩһ㣬ոͻƵʱȣ֮
һδɽͻƣת٣޲֮˼ĳɳϳɹƼ֮ĳɳԣǾ޴档
ټϣһ·սҪ֪ЩֶǺεκһóĸ˽ܣǵս֮Уﻹ֣޲ȫԸսĥ£ǽ֮ĸ淨Ҳڻͨڷ޳ͣӳȫܡ
Ͼ淨ΪԵʣԼĥ²һӾʹָʩչչͰԭҪʱȥڻĥϣȴһǿĶѹ£ڼ׵ա
淨պ⣬ҲΪ˳ϣٳ֮ķٳɳ
ò˶ˣۺڡоϲ
һεջʵ̫ˡ
ʹɽûκεĽκԹԣǴصḶ́Ǿ޴ޱȵĲƸԾ˵ٶȳɳš
淨˷յļޣڴɽʱڻͨľ磬ҲǶȹ٣ת˵󲿷ֵѾˣҪ֮ɳۺڵĳ̶ȣֻʣһЩˮĥǷȱģǶʶ
Ȼڴ£һǷȱҲԾ˵ٶֲš
˵һηɽ÷֮ʱ䣬ȫһ顣
ҲŸͻƵڣžͻٷۺڵͻơֱһ૵κһˣоΣĳɳٶȣȫλá
ףҲ֮ܳɳô죬Ϊ
û淨Ͳ֪Ҫķѵ£淨УȲ٣ڷɽϣҲߣڸոͻƵڣĶûϣʹùܴҲǺпܡ
һжԴлԵĻһҪҵ컯ˮٴοš
˶ջ˼»ָƽĿһۣϷâתķתɽһ·ͨ裬ɽ¡
һͿ˵ҲվڵԵĳӣ첽˹ȥ˷׷ÿһ·ۺžηЮŵǶ֮ƶһʱʵʵ
ʦ𣬵Ӳʹߵǰһ
ãáҲ˷ܲѣæλǰ
һݣܱΪǰģֻ뵽һˣҵųӹ񣺡ǰ
ӱ濴ȥ˾һͨˣܳģзףǼֻ֮նǿߣ֪Ƿ豹棬ӱϸ
ҡҲĪϲ֮ˡоͣҲûԼ֮⡣
˼䣬ɫһνԲ˳ȻΪ⣬ǴӽҲûз֮˵һԿɾ
ʲôͷһæ
ȷʵˣʡۣǰƶţû֪δһλۣԸĻΪ֮ı䡣˵ͷҪҪģȫԼ˼

˵ĺеûгģ桢ʥ˵ķŶΨһ
ķţȻǲУȴڵ˷۵Ĵڡ
ʵϣʷ۵ĻֽһţʮԽзۣҲԽзֻͳͳҲϰˡ
ɽϵķ͡죬ȵȣֻЩ֣治ϵۣ
ǲ˵ɽȴ޹ء
ɽϵģֻзһλۣαۡ
ֻҪͷʮط۶ĵԼķţͻᱻʵ󽵡˵
һ㣬⣬ǺԪۣżȳôֻôһλԪۣϿɵģ˱ᱻڣҲһ
ȻֻһͬԪ۵ЩͬǷɽ嶥ķţǵһܱȵġ
ҪҪΪ֮ı䣿
ò˵ĶһǺεҫû˸ҳƵֻۣ侲ͷˡ
ûǸҪҡҡͷ



1722 ȥ
侲ûбͷԡ
ʮط۵ţȻϿɣȴ±ͳ˽ܡ
ӲҪıĻȷʵԣûܷĽ֪֪ٵ⡣
ʱ򣬷ע⵽ԶЩʮطۣĿñ
ûϲĸı䣬ϾţѾ˲֪ꡣ
ûб뷨ǵΪԷڷɽϳɾͣ˸ҳƵȻģʵ͵λҲҪں˵뷨ȴòǡ
ؼǣʵ㡣
ɽ壬˲Уζţڷһ磬ʹЩΪǿĴڣҲǺͷڲ֮䣬ǣԺҲˣԽ˵˴˼ĲԽ
е֮ǵʵնǿߣôû˻ҲֻһۣЩʮطȥıԼţΪʵƥ䣬Ӧõġ
Ȼȴնǿߡ
ȻȻģҲĴ
ûƥʵȴǿΪֻ֮˵ķкͲмԺҲƽ鷳ⲻǷԸ⿴ġ
ûǸҪչҲһŰˣʵҪ΢΢ҡͷ
ˣĻںһ
ڷɽϣķǵ棬ƺʱһֱΪ֮棬ͬģΪȵȣķŵ֣Ҳû
ȻЩڶǲŵģӲҪʮط۸ĻֻЦ󷽡
ΣĺôѾõˣ۵ķĺôΪʮط۵Ĵڶʧ˷Ҳûʲôþġ
ҡͷܾ˲˿ĿҲǶ˼⡣
֪ˣΪۡ΢΢ͷԼλӣѡҲûʧ
һԿΪ·
ڷܾһʮط۲Լͬĳһǲ֪ʲôԵͻȻ֣ѹϵĸҲ֮ʧǻþ
ͷĻͲǻþˣֱǸ֮󣬲Żָ
Ӳÿɷ񣺡ڴδ
ţ˵˵ͷλնǿһʹʧصԴ֮ص
ײ뿪Ƿı֣̫˼飬ҲڷҲˣȻ
ǵ֮һĴˣδҲûʲô˵ģ̸ָ㣬ߵʮָɴࡣ
λնǿһߣ˶ǷһҲ뿪ˡ
Ƿˣڷɽ壬һۣҲ뾡İϢȥ
ʦ𡣡
Χֻʣ·͵ˡ
㵹һ㶼鰡ҵķһˡŷͻȻ˵

ʱ󺹣һɱ˵ķ˵ûʲôӡ󣬱ϾЩʥѹʵ̫ﻹҷ񣬴򵽺ͲԼǰĶ˭ˣ˭һն
Ц
ͷЦҲΪ̫ãһΣľϲʵ̫ԶǰκһΡ
ҲͰˣλǰķס㡣Ц
ĶնڣȻͬһ棬Ҳʥǿ̫ࡣ
Щʦʵһ˵ĻˡȻЦ
˺ˣԼķģʤֻῪġҡͷЦԴ֮ز̫ãʱҲˣ׼뿪ɡ
Դ֮Ҳһˡ
ɽȥ˲ʱ䣬ľ粻㣬ȥΣˣᱻͬ
ϧһķɡЩź
Դ֮غܴ󣬷ģǱɽһǡ
ڵľ磬Դ֮ءҡͷɽԴ֮صıԵԷܹĻǿ̾ͻᱻͬܿ
˵ͷҲһ㡣
Ҫ˵ĻǲܵģңҲбԭҪֻڵ
ֻԺˡźȴҲٵ飬ŵ첽뿪
ߺá
Դ֮صɽ´ΪС
ϣһΣܼ㡣˷һۡ
ҪԴ֮أŲͬڣʥһǾ˾ĵطһξδˡ
Ǳ˾̤Դӣתۻص˵ؽ硣



1723 ӿ
ǡ
˳ڵסĹڡ
ʱ㲻Ҫ뿪ؽ磬һΣڷɽϴĶʵ̫ˣȻ䶯磬Щ˻ʲôӦԤϣȵһʱ˵һ䡣
֮⣬ͬ˵Ԥϣղľơ
Ҳֻ˵λʵ̫ɫˣŻĴֲ뵽ɿЦ˶ǰͲԼĵԽɫԽãԼȴΪ̫ɫͷۡ
ѵЩ˻֣ü
һ˵Ļȷʵᡣ϶ȴ⣬ûǰĬڶģΪֻսõĥʯһλʥǺ޵֣һСսûбչġ
ʮ󶥼磬ҲѭһĬԽһߣὫ
ԣ΢΢ͷ
ǰЩɱԼĿҲǽԼᣬƳٳʱ䣬ǵߡ
Ҫû޵ĻʹᱣҲѱ
һȴһΪڷɽϵķʦǲУǰδеģ˭뵽ɳȥĻ˵δһλ桭Ц
δ鲻˵ԺҲδߵĸ߶ȣȻϡ
һηɳȥһͨʥһ㣬Դ֮سػΪĹʶ
ʹȲʦǣҲмĿܣΪһնڣԴƽ֣صûжԸ⿴ôһڵĳ֣ǻ̫ı䶯
նǿߣǺεȴڡ
ǣնҲֹһλһˣΣ
նڣǴޱƾãҲͲˡ̾ϢԴ֮صλնڣ㽫ֵ췭ظҲ
˵Ҳ࣬˳һնڣı䶯ԱĻҪĶࡣ
ʦǣѾˡ
ɫ΢Ļ͸¶һЩҪѶϢ֮ˣȻ뿪硣
ϸĻźҲֻڼʱ򣬸Ӧ֮һΣ֮⣬Ҳûмˣ󱲵Уôһλʥڷɽ˶壬ô飬Ҳû֮Ҳֻвܽ͡
ڵ֮ĳ˵ӻڻ磬κ
뵽ֻ֮
λҲǲ֪ȥ򣬾ֻ̨ҲǸӦֻȷϻţҲ뿪硣
λؾʱżֻ֮ӹϵĳڣ䶼ûйĴ˵
һʱ䣬뵽˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֮⿪
δĳһ죬Ҳ׷ǵĽŲ뿪磬̽Ѱĵ·ڣȴ̫Զˡ
侲£ѹ˷ҵ˼
ϣܱ侲һƣͻˡüЩɫʱ
粢ǸǵģȥԵ滹ڶħ񡣡ͻȻ
ף˵ĶԣֻһεսѾȥ̫ãڵĺܶʥ֮ģûз֮ʹδػὫħвϡ
˰ۣǹͨԣʥҲ޷⡣
չڣѾ۷壬ʢ˥ϣΪ˥ʼ̾
۷壿һ㶣絮ʥ˼ѣ⻹۷壿
ʢ˥֣ȴ÷һ
ʥԵδزǿʼ˥ס
˻ûʼձ۷ģʥˣҲ⣬ʮ󶥼ȻǿޱȣҲԶԶһĴ磬Ҳⲻڱ仯
¹Ĵ֣ȻԶ˷󼰵ĲΣҲûٶ˵ʲôǡ
ʱڵؽˡ
ı仯ڵؽ磬㹻ȫģıڼ£Ҫؽ綼ȫҲûطԲˡ
ҵڵǵ壬л󣬷˷ãȻҪڵؽһʱգԽ̵ǣҲ鷳ʦ֡
̵СͬʱҲǽϢǴ̽ģնֳһݸĿ
֪ɽ壬÷۵ϢѾ磬ʱڣʲôңȻƽˮµӿİʱҲ޷塣
ЩӵϢ棬һȴ÷΢΢һ



1724
Ϣǳļ򵥣ֻ֣һĿȻ
ʮ㡣
һ仰ܹ֣Ϣȫݣ϶һͷˮ֪ͷβҲϢҪݵʲôȷ뷽й⣬ãȻ⡣
ȻĻȴǽȻͬ
һˣҪǣϢ˵
ڿϢһ̣Ժ˼תϾʶԼֻصܱ¶ˡ
ʮ㣬˵ǰʮΪڼǰķ֣ͼԶ
ϢȻ͵ǰͲ޵ķʸǲὫϢ֪Ϣһλʮطۡ
Ȼǣڿʼλʮط۽е֮ʱȴϢһ֪Ǽ䱻ϴһ㡣
˾Ȼֹ׷鲻棬ȴ㹻²ˡ
ʮط۵ϢԼԵĻֲݣ֤ϢʵԺ֮˲ỳɣǱʱ򣬷뵽ֻ̨ǣոմֻ̨á
ңǵʱֻ̨ʾ˲롣
û´ĻƮ֮ӦѾȷҵݡ
ֻ̨ʾʱ򣬷ЩɣƮ֮ڱʩΪˣƿֻ̨ûмˣжԷ֮ǵģֻһˡ
Ʈ֮ҽµĳԹǳûлĿܣ֪ҵݣԺֱӳĿ΢
ϢƮ֮ųģĿ޷ǸĺĵӣǴֻ̨ʮˡ
ֻصˣݶܣҲֻͨ޵ֶι£֪÷Ϊʸ֮ġ
ֻҪ΢˽ⷽͺͳɳ̣û侲
вʵ̫ˣȥĻųֻ̂
ֻ֮µҲǺһģܸǿ˭Ҫ˭ķһĴ󶥼
ǰû취ֻ̨ĺãֻص˷ɢƽ˵˽ˣڷ¶˳вôһˣѱЩ侲
ǲܵ顣
Щĵӻ壬в̶Ȳ̫󣬿ǣǵһʥվһأ
֪Ժ鷳Բ١
Ʈ֮ҼˡĿ䡣
İǣȻƮ֮÷¶ûͨһλʮطУȴǽĽͼɵչ¶ţµģȻǷǷĵԼؽ硣
Ʈ֪֪֮֮һƮ񾳵飬Ѿõˣʱﻹ
˵Ļʥݺ˵Ϣ̾ͻᴫ磬ڣȴҪһʱ䣬ƾնನ
ҲƮ֮͸¶ֻ֮࣬µĹޡ
Խֻأֻ̨ϵǵԽߣԽĸӦЩӣҪǰֻ̨첻ԶᱻΣƮ֮ʵܽӽԽֻ֮޿ƽ⡣
ʦƲ⣬粻ֹڶһƮ֮Ҳ㲻ʲô޷Ǳˮڣ˭ĳ֮·һ˳
£˫ұĵ·

޴Ĺ֮У濴ѾǷǳ޴ˣȻ߽棬һ磬ޱȵĿ
һɢǿҹԵӰԶ̤ϼܣضţǳ˵֮¡
ߵ˹ǰϵĹҲǻȥ¶һŲŭӣЩ԰ףٲ˹棬ʱһ޴ƽ̨ӵˣƽ̨֮ϣ֣˰Ȼ¡

ˡ
Χ˴кոյģǽһߴϣˣûлָȬ
ƽ͵ĴкģȻҲֻʥ
ڣһƽ̨ʥĿһɨڳʥȻʮ֮ࡣ
Ѿһǳ˵ˣϾʥ࣬ǾŻԾģһڶûмˡ
ʢ˥ֱǸЦһĮڹ˵ģһߡ
ȥȻ֮ǰѾ˷ڷ
֪ʱʥԵѾûʥˣҶɣǲҪ˥ˣ˵һֱʢС
ЦŨļ
λ֪ʥԵʲôԵʣ˶ռˣʲôʢ˥Ǽӭʢ



1725 ʥЭ
綼ڣӵ֮ķչܱ䣬һƽʢƶ۷壬Ȼ۷Ϊתۣʼ˥䣬ֱ
ǲȻ仯Υӳٻƶһȴı䲻ս֡
Ȼһ֮ԶԶ
ڳʥĿùģҲֻռ˼˰ˣΨЩϵʥż֤ΣϰΪ
ˣҲ⣬ؼһУŸԵڣʱ䳤̡
Ψв࣬ĳӣ
һڻȽϺжϣͲһˡ
һĴ磬ʥԣһۿɼһ֮Ļƶķչûƽʢǰ
һĸ߶ȣͲڳˣжϵˡ
ûж֪ʮ󶥼ڻǶ೤Ǵһ׶ڣǻڷչܱ׶ΣѾ۷壬˥䣬ھУҪһ̸ףҲֻվ۷ЩˣŻ֪
磬磬֮ͨ磬Զ˵󣬼ʹǵˣҲ֪ԼĽ׶Σȫ޴ֻ֣ܸɢƲ⡣
ʮ󶥼磬Ҫɲ֣ǵı仯Ҳܷӳ䲻Ҳ̫Զ
ƽʢ𣿡üͷ΢壬߿´ʣԷԴУȫǶԣ缴ӭһƽʢ
֪ƽʢֻһΣڷչܱ׶Σ۷׶Σ˥׶ΣӭƽʢһδεĻƽʢͬһͣƶ۷壬ˡʣϸһµĻ絮߸ʱƵǻƽʢǰһΣȺǲ𣬳£㵮ʮλʥʮλʥҲǿޱȣʥ棬Ҳߡ
ƽʢȻʥһʱڣʮλʥǾ޽Уֻڻƽʢ֣ԶԶƽ
갡һλƽʢѾ̫̫ˣոտܱǶʱڣйλƽʢ֮õġʹļס
ԣ˲΢΢ͷ
ȷʵ̫ˡ
տٵʱһӵڶնڣ֧ⷽأиŵˣ˺ľʹýʮڣûһλʥһƬߣֱȹһ׶Σ˹ķչ׶ΣҲӭһƽʢ
ÿƽʢ֮䣬żȴ᳤֮á
Ҳʢ˥˵һʱʢУ˶ͬһ۵㣬ҲΪ翪ʼ˥䣬˴˼Żŵߣƽ
λڷĳ֣֤ƽʢңֻҪ䣬мĿܳΪһնڣĻƽʢ֮ǰѵ⻹˵ʢ𣿡ߴҲ˵Ժûиǿʢٿ˵磬Զûе˥ʱδǵĸǿ󡣡
֮⣬ڵһЩںģҲǿԽܵģһ㣬û˵˶ס
Ǹôһλʥʵ
ܼ򵥣ֹǶߺԥƽʢ˭ߣȴûжֻǻƽʢĿߣζҲ֮ˣᣬƽʱǸƾ£ˡ
û˷ųǱġ
ƽʢĿߣȻΪΪҫ۵ǳ˶âʱΪʱ
ؽɲöԸɫɣҪᣬҪĴ۷ǳĴ
ؽ粢һģ˶Ը⿴ôһλ޵Ĵڳ֣ĵˣֻǵָ
ҪԿؽ磬ڳûǸģǵͲһˡ
ǿҲסλʥ
ǻԥʲôѵҪĿŷС𣬾£͵վһֱĬĬԣʱȴͻȻվ˳
ڳУԵͷĳԹǺ֮ǣ߰ǿеĺ⡣
ʥһۣҲܿ˾顣
ͬ⡣
ͬ⡣
ͬ⡣
˷׷ױ̬һʥ֮Э飬ͬˣЭһֱȥȵų˷ͻԶսᡣ



1726 
ЭʥܿȥΪȥ׼
޴ޱȵĹڣһƽ̨ȥֻŵĻš
ĵ̣ͬģҲʥķ֮һҲΪݣŻῶܽԵķԡ
һ
űÿյĹ¶֮ɫ
֪ǧȴΪ˼ѣ֪α顣
һӰӹſڷ˹ƽ̨ϣһ񣺡ʦ𡣡
˳䣬֮һ֪һλǿޱȵʮطۡ
ԭ˵Ŀģӡ
ʦȷʵɣûʦ˵Ϊڹ޷꾡ԭæ
һδԼĵӿеõ϶߳һһ˿̰
һ˻ᣬܴ
ԭҵԼʱڵһоǼѡ
ǿԼִƵĻ̾һԾΪһĶǿߣõǽרǰǶջ󣬼ʹԼɳҲԭڣܱ֤Լһʢ˥δпܣ̫ؾΪǿĶ֮һ
ԭ޷˵ľЩɡ
ȻҲطжϳԭ˵Ǽ١
λĳڣԭҲ˵ֻ֣Ƭ߱Ѽ䣬Ҳûһ֮ϣǹڶԷһУΰؼĨȥˡ
һ㣬Ȼټ̽Ѱȥ
ΣȷǿĴڣҲ͹ˣ棬ٰôһʥ飬ǰ޲Ǻͷߵгʥ
ȻЩʥǱõġ
õĺôǴҾ֣֮͸ƾˣǶ˵ȴ֮ⲻ㣬ָž޴Ķô
Ҫң˭в֮ûһ˿һʤ㡣ԭĿ
ԭֻ֮ߴĵ֮һңĿǰλ֮ˣȷҪģ˾ʮ㣬ǵ֮ĵһˡ
Ȼڷǿԭλþ᧿Σˡ
֪Ǹǰĺĵ˭ҲͰˣԭôľҲ޿κΣ֪ˣ˾Ƿȴ㹻¶ġ
ڷɽǶ÷֮λһϢ̺䶯硣
ȫռŹڷһϢƮ֮ϢҲΪˣԭһʱ俴ϢҲ̾ȷϣ̺塣
ֻҪ𣬷֮ʱǾĳ뷽ͺͳɳ̣ԭľͱǣûаů⡣
ԭʲôȥ˿ʤϣ
ֻ֮еУΪɫ֮ˣʮĲҲǲԶֻҪͰٰٲ㣬ɾʥִֻ̨ģֻңҲֻҡԭ˻Ŀ΢ࡣ
ҪңҪҵʥ֮·Ȼˣһ
ʥ֮·ޱȵãΪܹɾʥϧһУǰ·ߣǴĳУݡ
ˣԭǵһҲһ

ǡ
Щ
ѷ󣬵ЩأӸ鱨ϢһֲĸоȻ֪ʥЭĴɣᵽΣյϢ
һʱգΣҪ뿪ؽ磬ЩҪԸĻ϶뷽跨ģȥڵؽκε㡣
˵ͷ
֣أôҴ⡣
ͷˣ˵ǣֻҪǾǾ԰ȫģûǣ̫ΣˣҺпܻᱻȷȥ
Ƿ񡣡΢΢ҡͷ
Ͼһնڵвʵ̫󣬶ңĳ֣ҲΪԶûʢ˥ʱȻ̫Ĺǡ
бס
÷۵ȻǺ£ȴҲһźš
˵ˣԼ뷨ڶҡ᲻ᣬĻûʢ˥ʱ
˻ô룬Ҳ޿ɺǡ
ԲӦɡ
Ҳֻˣ뿪صڵǵס
ʱڵڣչɽãһλλʥֵľȻܻĲ࣬ȴҲһѵõľ顣
һգоѹ֪ôģͻȻ޷侲
һ˿ĸоĵţѸѿ
ǿԼ侲ſ©ĵط
ã˴硣ȻеĲҲȻǣһӴҡ



1727 ɢ
ô˲˴硣
дڣڿǿ©ĵطʱʶ©˲˴磬ŷǺε
֮ûΪҵĹ˴Ǿ԰ȫģǣ𣿡
˴Դӣ䲻ɼǣǶһ˵ģǿʮط۾ԴΣ˵пܻʥ֣ԴӸܱ֤ʲô
ȻôԴӺƵޱߣҪһ磬ȴףǣһбָ̾ͱ᧿Σ
Լĳûûж֪˴ĴڣҲ˴ԴӣϾʱ䣬ԶûϵܵʱҲǷΪ˴԰ȫԭ
Ͼ뵽ʧ뿪֮ˡ
Ĳ˴磬߸ںϽʤߣɹٽ֮λģֻзһˣҪôɱҪôȻ뿪˲˴硣
ЩˣǲȶأΪ˴λãûб仯ģֻǲɼˡ
ֻҪһλǿʮطǰܴ̾Դҵ˴磬Улѩε
סŵģɶԼļˣҪﰡ
һҲѹƲסʱļ٣ﻹס޲̻ص˴硣
һѾ뿪סڴϣԼٶȸǵĴ
ܾˣʦ𣬻Ǳˣ뿪һƬ䣬лѩ˶ԼҪȴ⣬Ҫģ޹ؽҪ
ֻʩչ޵״̬ûоˣܿڴ
֣Ҳ𣿡
ţеһžû⣬ߵǰ
¡
͵ԱͻȻֵķʱһɫ԰ֽ
ͣϾҪ뿪ȵ
Ȼͨĵ·ȥ߲磬ȥؽ磬硣
Ҫ뿪ĻҲҪʼ֮ͨһֱɵֻ֣֮ҪڱΣͨ뿪˳ֶΪ
ڷȻȥҵ
ǣǡԱ¶ԥͻ̿֡
ûʲôǵģҵü
ǵ״ӣʮطۣǵ֮λڵǵĵλǽȣûм֮ϣһ˭Υ
Աҿܣڷ£˴
~
ͨڷǰֱͨ磬ֻҪ뿪˵ؽ磬뿪̫ؾԷͲ˴ϵ˲ܻȥ
һֻ̧𣬾Ҫ̤봫ͨȻڼ֮ʱ˵һ죬ĺǱޱȵһ¡
ǡʾ
ƺоʲô
Ϊʲôʾڽ˵ֻһǰΪʲôΪʲôԣⲻʾǽĵ״̬ԡǽޣĽ֮⣬κνĲǵõʥ֮ͬ
תս£һǿУһǧĽģڹؼʱŷ״̬ԡ
ȵȣ̫Ծˡһɢһǣ÷Ĳ쳣
뷨̫Ȼˡ
뵽˲˴磬뵽ΣڵϦ뵽ǰ뿪˻йܣҲ뵽˵лѩ˵
һУޱĳڷԺûаĻɡ
ѵЩ˾һйܣǶԼĴⲻ˴֣ңʱĽ֮ƺƴ֪ģҲֹˣЩ˷пйܡ
ôʱ˴һֱܰȫ
һںлѩ˵ǿǷļˣ֮ĻȻʦͽ϶»ˡ
ʱȻԼЩȻ뷨ȫá
رմ󡣡
˵ľĴԱһۣüΪʲôô£
ûʲô⣬ʹǵλߣԱҲµ̫ˣɫ԰ףڲš
£ѵû𣿡Աŵӵ
ʲôü
˵ţԱ̧ͷա
һҲ̧ͷһȥʱסˡ
ֻǵϿգֲͬ籩ϯײţĺ߿裬·һվͻ㸲
ⲻǰ
ըһ޾ɢճһֱϵ֮ɢһź̾ϧܴɡ



1728 
ա
յĿֲ󣬷һ亹һˡ
֪һ뿪ǣ뿪ؽ磬Ͼͻᱻȴǿҵᡣ
ɢԭԵϸҲϸֳٻͷȥԷֲĵطȻӵˡ
ʱĵǣһٴеģΪʥս
Ͽ󣬷һ۾ͷֱʥսನӼ߲й˵ǣŻ㾪˵ľһ˿βľ
ǣȴûע⵽һ㣬ȫˡ
Ҳ֪ʹʩչֻأ״̬ôùɷһ·ûֹӦǿУϾģҲûע⵽ж˵ע⵽ȴֹ
ЩҪԸĻ϶뷽跨ģȥڵؽκε㡣
ĻӿϷͷڸղţȴˡ
ǿľ󲿷עֲ˽µСͬʱ÷ңԼ߳ȥ뿪ؽ磬Ͳһ㣬Ǿͳɹˡ
еʥսûгá
ڼƻʧܺϮʥͳˣȻϵƣҪʤҲûôף˵ﻹǵؽ硣
һǿµᴩ񷣬ǵؽʥĿ⡣
ʱûв֣ǵΣյĻȴӣϾؽ治
ҡҡͷҲǵִı׶֮һ
ؽ粻ǽ磬ûִĻᡣ
ʼձѹͷϣʹǳ۷ʱڣҲ֮⣬λʥ˵Ȼƣ޷һܣȻµ͵Ҳֲһ㡣
ʥȥϿյҲʧ»ָƽ
⡣
Ȳ˵ǿǿĻᾪŵǵ̫֮Щʥܵģ˷ӲģǻᱻƣҪҲòʩԼˣֱɱԼǡ
תסĹȥ·ϣҲӵ˵Ĵȥ
Ȼڵǵ״Ҳע⵽ˣֻǼս֮У޷ָ棬Һ÷ûв塣
ʦ𡣡˽ȥ׵ĵɫƽҲûʲôơ
ûеԼ״ԭԭ˵һ顣
ǻϢӰһˣ仯̵ϳ˳ֵʥ˭
ڷɽϣҲ֣Ӳ潻֣ڱʩӰ죬ʱҲնɱļ֮һ
룬ȴûʲôӡʱɱذֲ˭˭ȻڵĻԶԶʥȣҲӰ첻˷٣Ҳ
ǿʢ֮ʱǻ£ı仯ֵܷĿɣ֮ѺޱΣǰһ̣ǳֵܣһ̣пܰεǸʱ綼Ӱ֮£ǿʥȴηġ
˽ͬһʱʥʯλʩΪֺҳһش㽫նɱԺ󣬲ŴӻӰ»ָ
üͷ΢壬û뵽ЩˣȻôһʥ
µĵط͸ӰϢѲһн۶ԼóģȥӦҲͲױ˾ŵ֡
˵ͷˡ
ҿʼеĽ۶ԼģԼóĽ۲ŻŲɡ
ﶼвͬı仯ܻãҲܻ仵Ӱţĵطȥ룬Լ𰸣н͡
Ұ
ǶԲ˴ӣŻ÷УӰ죬ҲңĵµĲָˮ棬ռ顣
Һ÷ûУʱ˹żҡ
˵͸Ȼᱻ࣬ȴҲһֵܵģܼʱѣ´Ҳˡ
ֻǧûǧշģ˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͻöԷóѡ
ʵǷʤ
õľģǶԷĳ֣Լĳ֣֤ƷչȻԸ⿴ķȥˡ
ûܿƻ𣿡ʵ
ȻУ罣Ԫ̨Ǵ淨ȫƻ淨ԻƣҲǻԸǵĶ硣淨ҲŸԾޣңǳ֮ƣ㲻һֱڵؽ硣
Ҫɳʥﻹõں
Ϸأǳ֮ƣ©һ졣
ҪǰȥǸطˡŷ˵



1729 ƻ
ʲôطʵ
Ȼʥ̤ĵطЦ
۾һǽ֮
ڵǣʥΣԴСԷԳˣԵǵѱ֤һʧϾ湦취ûܾһεĻһӡ
ֻҪ˲סԷģܽԼ͸ǣӰ쵽ķ
һʧˣζһλˡ
ڵǣĿ̫ˣµľӦ䲢ˡ
ңǶԷ֣´ξͻѡߵˣĵģǻԷ㷽֣Ӱ쵽ǣ߲ˣСһ
ȫʹüӵֶΣȷ뿪ؽ硣
Ȼ㷽ʵãʹʲôҲϻᱻֹǷһʩΪĻֹȴ޼
Ҳ÷ϾĶԲ̫ҷʤ
ȡʧܵĽѵ´ζԷĹӵ
ֻҪ뿪ˣʧȥĿ꣬Ͳκ⡣ЩʹʲôֶΣĿֻһ÷뿪ؽ磬ֻҪڵؽǾûκλᡣ
Ҫ뿪ȻҪ뿪
̫ɲǷķΨ뿪ܽµ֡
ؼڣȥ
ǰеڱΣٺܰȫھͲˣƮ֮ƿֻ̨ǰڣὫϣȫڵϣڱһϣǿҲȲר˵ʥǰûг֣ȴδء
ˣ˵Ҫȥȥʥ̤ĵطʹҳˣҲûйϵʥв
ʥȥĵط뵽ģֻĴ硭૵
Դ֮أʥ˵ʲôأȻԴ֮أҲ˸ҷɻɱֻɻǸԴ֮ضһӡ
Ĵ⣬ǹᴩءĹʯţ˷ޱ̵ӡڵһᣬϾ뵽
ֻǣڵʵ̫ǿȴҲĴ硣
ҡҡͷ׼ȥĵطĹޣĹ
һ
˵֮ʱһΪĹһйأǣʥ䣬ֹںδ̾Ϣ
ʥ䣿𺳲ѡ
ﶼŶֻأ˭ӣˣˣʥ⡣翪ٵڣ֪ȥ˶꣬ôûʥپգᣬħսʥ
侲ʥ䣬ҲǲģҲĿù˵䡣
ʥϣʹĴ˵ģȻƬɢأֻЩƬӡʥĺۼΪݣ˻ᱻų⣬ۼһĵطγĹء
꣬ħսǺӷ飬֪ǿ䣬˵ǺϵʥնڣҲ䵱ġ
ʥһħҲһޱȵĴսħʥ׷䣬˫ĹںϣһأԺ󣬷ʥ߻ħ񣬶ܵǣͶ
ǸĹǳƺΪƻ硣
˱ΪƻĹ
ƻ硣ظһ顣
˵䣬ȷʵأ֮أͿֶˡ
ʥ̤ƻ𣿡ʵ
ʥϣƻȻ롣ͷմȾʥĴƬܻᱻų⣬Ӷ޷֮ϣʥ֮λ
֮أ롣
ǡЩɡ
ǻʥȻûһ⣬ȻմȾʥϢҲױϴңƻҲõ֮һʥĴԻܴйĦĻһǧΪӳɾʥļʡЦ
ƻȻǻΣȴҲڣ˵ﱾΣգкܴĿеǿ飬֮ɱˣȥƻʵȺۺϾڻңҲûиԭ򡣡
ʵԽսۺڣڻƻ磬ȴġ
Ҳֻȥˣȵ˻ƻ磬ҵʦ֣ӦҲܷˡԸ
Ҳ÷ȥƻȻţɡ
ʦ֡һ״ӣˣֻλʦʼԵüڲ֪Էԭһֱڻƻ硣
ʦġͷӦ
Է˵ȥƻ磬õѡõ֮һܹɳʥӰֹǰ
һ㣬ҪģͬǻħĹ
ĽҪ֮յĳɳȻнڵʬûѣӶٳɻ֮ǣⲻǳ֮ơ
ǱϾĴ˵̫࣬ʹʬȫգҲֻ÷۷壬ò̤磬˻ƻôһĵطΣȥ



1730 
󣬷žΪǰƻ׼
ڵһȦź˷㷽ãͻص˵סĹ
Ҫĵĵط࣬÷ģ޷Ǿǲ˴硣
ʵϣȴûǸҪ
˴ͲԭλˣҪ֪һλòǺ㶨ģԽ߼Ĵ磬Խ磬ĳ˵ҲԽӽԴ֮ء
ӵͼ磬м磬߼磬һֱ磬룬ֳɵķֲ
磬ҪÿһΧ˴ͨ磬ǸΪķֲһ磬Χڶͨ磬γһÿһĺģǴ硣
ǧγ磬Ȼǧһ˵ǧ֮
µֲ
ʥϣȴıһλãλؾĴ磬ǲκα䶯һ⡣
˴粻ؾҲûбʥıλãȻԴӣȴȻѭŻĹɡ
˴ԺŵٶȳɳţͬʱҲڻĳƶԭλãޱȵңԶ
ˣʹЩӲ˴ȥʹĽ֮ô䶯Ҳ޹ؽҪ˴뿪Ȼǰȫޱȡ
ʥ߼Ϊǿʮطۣȷʵһɣ˴ܴڵλãӶ֮ҳ
ǣǻ£Ǿ뵽˴ɳô죬ƶľôԶ
£Ĳ˴ŸոڣǣԴӣһ֦Ӱ£˴ɳٶ޷󣬷ǵѸڣŸٳɳ̬˵ڶӭ˻ƽʢ
ģ̫Զ̫Զˡ
Ȼƶٶ쳣Ļ԰ڴ󲿷˵Ǻ㶨ģһҲƶԶ˴˭뵽ܵõ֦ء
ҹȥҲҲĿ꣬ʱͻóһۣ˴类ıλˡ
ţȥҲ˴ˣҲֻóôһۡ
Ϊ÷ģҲŵѡһʵʱ̫֣߲֮˴磬һװȫλãĺ֮ǡ
ˣҲǷһйǣ̤˵򿪵ͨ
ڷ͵ӵʧ󲻾ãϽӵϢ
뿪ˡ
޴ƽ̨ϣһλʥ¶Цݣոطȷ˵λãڵڡ
Ȼסˣңȥ˺δ߹Ц˻ֳ֣ĵɥ
ڣ˵Ŀⶼżּɵ˹ȥ
һȥʮĴߣЦºͣһ崺ĸо⿴˭ţجεǿʥ
ϧûнǷ΢Цż̾ʥ»ѹ֮Ȼ鴫
ʥʢﻮһ˫ۣ̾ͱ硣
Ƭ̺
ҵˡʥͺһһָʱâ֯һǰ͵Ȼ棬֮С
УתͷĿ΢ʥƺһҲ֮ʧ
һĻѾڳʥ۵ס
λáѵǻƻ磿һλʥ˻ᣬͻȻɫ䡣
ƻ磬ǵطǲҽȥȥĻҲпܣʵǲ̫ˡ
ΣȻȥ˻ƻ磬ҲӦɳֽȥ
˺ܿһ£ͷͲܰ;ϣΨнǽ÷ɳûһ˻к³
˻飬˷ظԵĵ̣֣֯׼ƻ硣
ʦ𣬵ƻ硣ԭߣԶӧƻ׷ɱ
ãε׷ɱͳ˧ߵͷӦԭʵҲȷʵʸ
졣
Զ˳
ûãһӰٷֳһӣ
һ֧飬ƻ硣ӣ
ǡ
Ʈ񾳡
һ͸ϢӰߵƮ֮ǰ
ƻ硣֣Ʈ֮˵
ӰĬĬͷת뿪

ǰǻƻˡ
̧ͷʾǰٿˣھƻ绹аʱͣٿĻҲܵӰ졣
ĿȥֻڳһƬȴƻľλãҲûôʱȥ鿴
뿪ؽ󣬾ͱ¶ڵжʥĿ֮£һ̣վԽ
סȥ󾡿ҵʦ֡
˵ͷǺ޷˵ĳŻƻȥҫ˺ա



1731 һײ֮
Խӽƻ磬͸оԼԽԽѹֳƣһıܡ
ָоǵ磬Ŀÿڵ䡣
ͬ
Ƿ񣬱ʱ֪ǿ˶ٱҲܵӰ죬ֱѹӰţԷԣȴܿӰ쵽Լжжϡ
еѹֺͱﵽʱͣǽƻˡ
ǰߣʧָ
ֻǣĿܣ޾֮УΧǺڳģƻڿȥͨ޾ûκεҲŶ롣
о˵صĻҲӦ쳣ǣȡʲôֶΣҲ˻ƻ硣
ƻǼΪĵطҪİ취ܽ롣
ĹǼ򵥵ܽȥġ
ʥͻħ󣬶Ͷ˵أʹûƻ粻磬Ҳڻ磬֮⡣
ڵλãΧӽԵ
ץʱɡҡҡͷȡһ龧Ө͸ľʯھʯڲȻһѪ
ǽƻý顣
͵ԥ˾ʯʱһѪ¶
ӡھʯ棬Ѫɽˮһ¶̾пֲѹɢݳԨ纣ڷֻһ̫ϾҪΧһо
ʥ֮ѪһξѪɱۡ
Ȼһʥ֮ѪϣȴŨϢ
ûʥ֮ѪɱӻƻͻȻ޿ɵֵһɢݳմţʥ֮ѪΪһâڣ˳ǹһʧԭأͶ˻ƻ硣
·˺ˣһʹȵܿԼ壬ͣԼѾ˻ƻ磬ȥɽˮ̺գһ֮صģһ硣
ǣʹӵ˽⵽ƻҪɣԼǲǴͳ˴
ʦķԸƻҪ뿪ԼԶΣա
úù۲ܣ˵ķԸǽƻĵһҪҲ뿪ԭء
ƻΣմǵʥ֮Ѫŷƻ磬һֱһʱ䣬ŻὥɢУпƻĴע⡣
ǵѱʮطۣǻ飬߻ƻı飬Է˵ʲô£ƻĵصģҲָһӼʦ֣ǲʵ
ҪģǱԼ
һȥȻûɳԶ͵һͣˡ
Էٶȼ죬սɱ⣬ҪĿ´ڣҪսپ
һƽԭϿͣ
ڷͣµͬʱƮһȻ³ΪһֻӴĺɫӥ˫צ̽㳯ŷץ
һץ֮ͬǳ׹䣬Ʋɵȴ˿
ӥƻı顣
ʮطۣҲǻ飬ߣ˵صûһߣʵȷ
ǣƻıͲһˣЩմȾʥͻħȻǿޱȣȴҲǿǿݺ޵УСģʮط۵ʵûС
ӥǱһ֣ǿģҲǷڵļǰһֻ»
~
ӥˣ˷ִ˻Ϊһ޼᲻ݵҡֱϣӥݺײһ
һײȥǹײϲɽӥһҽжûͱȻײķ飬ʬ޴档
ˡ
ɽһֻ飬ȴûκδ⣬ӥȺɱһֻиӥǰ뿪
ƿնȥԶˣ˽ڽƻ磬ǵ͵Ϊá
󣬷һɽ㣬һ·ϣ˺üƻı飬Һǵٶȶ죬ӥȣֱӱ˦˺档
ܲϵʦ֡
һһõĽͶӰ
ƻǳĴ󣬾κһСҪôһˣûôס
÷ͶӰϵϴʦ֡
ʹǻƻ磬ҲҲڻħԵʣеطЩط䣬Ҳ𲻵ã˾ˡ
ֵĵط𵽵ҲޣԶҪˣȻˣشԴ
Ժ󸴻ˣǱҲ󽵣ҲԵնڡ


1732 
ͶӰʼʩӦΧǷͬϵˡ
ֻҪͶӰһΧڣӦ˴ˣҲǷϵʦֵѽݾƻ磬Ҫҵһˣ̸ס
壬ƾͶӰԵҵ˷
ƻ磬Ȼ˹ִ˵أȴԵ磬˵ˣܸӦķΧֻڰڸӦԷ
ĵط޷Ӧ
ͶӰı仯Ƭ̺ҡҡͷʦֲڡ
صģҪһҵԷףȻҲûа취
ʦ˵ʩýĵص㲻ƫ̫ԶټͶӰãҵʦ֡૵
Ĵʦ֣ҲǵͽģԵ֮ܣȻбƻýʩֶΣýص㲻ƫ̫ԶʹúߣܵõӦ
ԵŻᶣ󣬾ҵʦ֡
Ϊƫ̫ԶԻƻΣգô˸أȫĻôأǿǵΣղ̫󣬲Żš
﷽ԲûУǾڱķ򣬷ҵ̸ıԼķλȸϵµһغͶӰиӦ
һ任λ˿ͶӰ˸ӦһȻųâ
档
Ƿʦֵ䡣
ҵˡ³һڳʵ㣬ҶԻƻʵı
ȻǱߣйڻƻϣµģҲǰˣЩ˵˾޴ı䶯Ϊǰȫĵطȴ֮أԲ١
ϣΪֻȡ֮
÷ĵǣڣûйǿı飬ûзӶӲģãҲƬڣǡûǿı̾ᡣ
Ŀܣʱʱǿı𣬻ɱƬԱ֤ߵİȫ
µ֤ûг£ʹƬΣճ̶Ȳߡ
ӥ֮ʹ򲻹Ҳȫѡ
ľٸһ㣬ȫı顣
ͶӰָʾ֮ظȥ÷ЩɲǣͶӰϣЩòһֿն޵ĸоҲ֪ǲΪڻƻԵʡ
һʱ䣬ͣͶӰĹâﵽ˼£˵ڴ˵ء
ȻĿȥֻǳɽ룬ûκ̡
ҲţƻΣմȻܰϳ¶⣬еͶӰ͵һӣʱͬǳ䣬Ϊһâ׹䡣
Ϣģ¶һŻͶӰײ˿渡ֳһ
һʱŻ
ϳͶӰţȴģǶķ˲УͶӰޱȵİȫûκɱ֡
ʦֲ
һ붴ˡ
ڵĻ֪ĵˣҲȵڡ
ڣûκαƻĺۼӦԼ뿪ˣǳʲôʡ
ҡͷûܼλʦ֣Щź
ͶӰǰȥͣһ޴ǰⶴڣޱȵۣâҫͶӰӳ
ĿȥֻǰһϵĹâͶԻһӡ
ȥĿƽȴһַâ¶ĸоߣȴױȵƺħҲ޷ͷ
ȥˣҪңмǣмǡ
ӿ˵ûֱֻ׵ĳ
˵֮ʧ
µһӰˣȴȥʲô档
ꣿ
ĹâʧֳһԣߵһЩԼƿضķ
Եʱ䣬ȴǧǰ
Ѿȥôʱ䣬㵣ģҲ޼£ƻ粻ףʸ˵ص˸ϡ٣Ҳǧǰ뿪ˡ
ΣôҲһܰĵط
û⡣
ûӦҲųȥ׼һʱ䡣
Դ֮عͷӿλʥϮҲڵؽûжϾ
ȴǷǳİȫҲ÷ƽ
ӽۺڵĳ̶ȣٿǱġҪڻƻƾģҲֻʵ
ľ磬ͽӽ˷ۺڣþ


1733 鸮
˼ʱ䣬ƿµĶʽ˴˵ء
Ȼûı棬пܣ֪ôһСʦܵĴڣǷ𶴸ȴʮ˳
ֻҪͶӰͷǳȫϵȻƾһĻҲֻˣסأ޷飬һʦͬš
Ҫַƿأû治ҪֻҪͶӰֻҪַ֪˳ִ˵أƿ
ָܷ˵ҲõĻᱻ˶ȥ
ǰȻǽ̸ַԱʱ֮裬ȴó
顣һ£ʱһâͶ£ֳһҰɫСˡ
飬رıһⷨҲͬĴڣǿ֮ķЩƽɣǿ֮ѹӶ˷飬ƿŶת
¡鹧񣬷ƿ˶ҲȡָȨ
˵һĹܡ
ǣΪ鸮ĿΪؽڻƻ罨һܰĵطΪߵıܷۡûгɣ٩٩ԣ鸮Ĺڶ࣬ҪΪͽ
ƻΣմҪΪܷۣӵǿķǵһҪѹ鸮ģ´һػħ񺡹ǣԷתʹ鸮ķǿޱȣʹǷۼҲ޷ƣ۷鸮ܡ
˵黰һתЩҪַʵ֣˲ݵֻܵסһλ۷塣
죬ָ鸮ʱ̼ŷԲǧͶǷǿı飬Լǿߴ롣
ָӦؽˣǽӽ鸮ĵؽ֮ˣͬᣬͻӵʾָǰ鸮·ߣִֻͶӰˣָֻܽܽ
齫鸮Ĺܣһ顣
鸮
΢΢ͷȻԴʦԼģǽߣҲȨûʲô˵ġ
Ҫ֮һǼʶˡ
ǽ﷽ԲͶӰŲ˸Ӧ֣ӦȽģǱ˵ĻûͶӰ֣ӵģҪ˿»һۡ
鸮һŷִָͶӰֱӽҲ࣬ƿ鸮ĵؽˣָֻܽˣܱûκƿش˵صĿܡ
칦Ҳܺ⣬÷ģǷܡ
ԻħĺΪ𣿡ΪĴֱʾ̾ѣǻƻ磬ʥͻħ֮أȱٺǣǣܵõǵģмˡ
ǿ״̬£ܵסۼޣϧʦֲֻܵסһλ۷塣
üͷ΢塣
İȫԿɲߡ
µĻ鸮ֲֶˣ˵ˣǣһɲΪԼ˻ƻ磬ܸˡ
ʥȷʵ̤ƻ磬ҪΪǻôգǾ̫ЦˣԿ϶Ȼһǿɱƻ磬׷ɱȥ
ûʥвͬģڻƻ磬Ҳ޷ڱ٣ЩҪҵ׶ˡ
ҵ鸮ֻʱ⡣
õģ鸮ķ޵УҲ޾ˣȻ߶
׷ɱҵУȱٷ۷壬иǿĴڡ
ƻ粻ƵأЩ˲ҪɱҪԱʵ
鸮ֻܴһʱ䣬ʵȻ뿪
˾
Һûָһֱ˻ܽ״
鸮ܸȡһƽʱ䡣
飬췽ԲǧĶгۺڵǿ߽룬֪ͨҡ

Ͽʼչɽá
ۺڣͲԶˣ֮ĳɳһЩƿǻ֮գȵ֮Ҳɳ֮൱ĳ̶ȣܽһ硣
ʱȣҲ޷뿪ؽ磬ȥ磬ֻڻƻ취ǻħĹǲȱġ
ȻһʱϲĪ
Чõĳ棬֮ͻ֮նԼٶȳɳţԶʱǻ֮գɳ֮Զ
Ļڣ𽥸ţǿ׵ɢݳ



1734 ׷ɱ
֮󣬷۾ĶڻյĻҲ𽥳ɢݳĿֲҲɢ
~
һ״̬µĻճ̶ޣȫƿصסֱߵ
ΪʲôڻƻЧȻ֮áʼѰԭ򣬷Ҳٻ˹ѯԭ
Ƭ̺󣬷ҲŪˣô¡
ƻʥͻħ֮أǵڴˣǵЩ飬Ҳı˻ƻĻ
Ƭɢأʹⷽطǳʺ
Ҫ˵ĻԴ֮زõЩǿʮط۶ǰʵ΢΢ҡͷֻϧĺô֢࣬Ҳ󡣡
Դ֮ǴԴͷǴǿĵطȻ°빦ԶκεطȴҲΪǿűͬΣգÿ˽Դ֮صĴޣÿһλᶼҪ
ȻȥһԴ֮أȴûľ磬ûᡣ
ȻɽջȴԶԶʤ
֮⣬ؼ֤ʹʱ̴ƣԶԴ֮أҲ÷౶
Ŵƣ֮ɳţʹʲôɳڵļҲֻʱ⡣
ͻͽԼٶȳɳţʣⷽصĹ͡
ƻЧ½Դ֮ء૵Ŀǰ֪ȷʵˡ
ȻҪ磬ģǶԴĸ
֮⣬ƣһӰ켴ʹڻƻҲӦǴڵģȻȲ磬ϻƻ⣬֮ĳɳ⣬ô֮أ
֮յĳɳٶȣżӳɵ֮
Ҳҵԭ
鸮ԻħĺΪģʱվڻħĺϡ
ħά鸮תգûյģеĺСһ֣ܼ٣ǶԷ˵ȴѾǳӴˡ
Ͼǻеħ񣬲ľĽܱȵġ
£ҿԴ򿪺ĴһĻŨ
̲סջ󣬻ʧȥƱߵĺ޷ܵģ뽫յĽȿסС
ɲܼʱѹƻʧء
Ĵħĺǣ޷ס
ˣһʧصף֮̽жϡ
ǡ
УģΧ˻
Ĵ̼£ʼգͬʱĻ֮ҲԳ֮ǰĸٳɳš
һʱ󣬷͹жϣȵΧĻɢȥٶȿʼ
ܶʼ֮յĳɳȫһǧݡ
һº֮ĳɳ˼£֮ͣռɳţ磬ĳɳΪ˽ԶԶ֮ȻʱĳɳٶȾޱȣȴҲҪʱ׷ϡ
Ƿȱģʱ䡣
һգϡ
£˴鸮Բǧ˴롣鼱ٵ
鸮ļ칦ܣ˴ߣǵؽ֮ˣͻᴥĹܡ
ʾĿ΢
һָʱһڷǰλʮطۣһ·˽ǼĿԣƬмûаͣı鱻Ƿ׷նɱ
ĺÿ졣üͷ΢壬ĻҪ졣
ЩˣǳģҽƻλãӦþԶ򣬲֮졣
ĸۺڡųеˣ˺ȻǷۺڡ
·ı飬˳ֽԵλߣʵҲǿǷ۷塣
λ۷壬ѾԽ鸮ܵķ롣
ô죿
׷ٵҵλãǶ㲻˵ģһս
鸮ֻܵһλ۷壬ǣ˲ݵ£ӦܵˣҲֲˡ
Ȼⲻǳ֮ƣһ׷ɱҵˣпܻڶʹҲݣҲ޷ֵֻǵˡ
ԺＤҽţ߻Īķա
鸮ûʲôõĵģõķأ۷鸮սǱ¶֮Ųȡķ
ʵϣǷԵʣ˸ûܣҵ鸮
Ǵ򲻽ģȴ棬á
̫ˡ
Ͼ޵ȥԷ̫ˣչȥģʹûк׷ɱߣĴޱȶӡ
뿪ȡռ䣬һĿܡ˾
ܱ֤һʱİȫȴǵתأֻ뿪һ
̫ˣһûнֻҪϹһʱգ˭˭
â



1735 ׷
飬Բǧ仯ʱ̴ݸҡ
˾󣬷Ҳû飬ԽӶԼԽ뿪鸮ǰ´һ
ǡ鹧
һ˲鸮ڰУĸ𣬷תۻΪһƿնȥԶԶ뿪鸮һƽԭͣ
ţһѶϢûпܣǣһ̣һ޴ĳڷԺվ޾ߴԲǧĳ۵ףһжȻء
鸮ļ칦ܡ
鸮ƿߣֻҪ뿪ǧ﷽Բܽյ鴫ݹļ컭棬ΪȫͼҲǷģ̡
Ͼ鸮ĵϣƲãûô
׷ҵҲҵ鸮ԶǶ㲻ȥģ뿪鸮ǣҲ뿪̫ԶΣմĻƻ磬˵ʵҲԶʤңӣ̫ãˡ
ҪƣƬڣתϵ˳
Ҫȡʱ䡣
ƻĵطʮ󶥼Ӹ߼ռޱȵȹ̣ڱĴ磬һ˲ܷɳļ٣ڻƻ磬¾ֻܷɳһˡ
ǧ﷽Բ鸮ļ칦ܴϵӽǣԼṩ٣ģһʱ䡣

ڷ뿪鸮һ̣ǰˣһλĳӣȻ㡣
ˡ
ⳤӣһ˫۾ӳŲ񷣬ޱȵĸԶĿԶƺĿꡣ
ͨͫȻҲֻ㣬˭ӵù˫ۣҪ㣬Ҳô˳ڳԣһλʮطпһΣ㵱׹
Ƕͬһ֪֪ף˴˳ƺҲֱ÷š
ɱ˵͵ұȽϺǣǰôҵ׷ٵġ
鸮֮ܣЧȴ㲻Ϻã޷ȷ׼ȷλãǴµķλܿ϶ģһ·˹Ŀǳȷ
ڷ뿪鸮Ȼ¶
ط򵥣ΣҲǻƻ磬СΪϣˡ
˷׷׵ͷҲɣ͵ָ£ŷڵλüٷȥȻûɳԶ;üͷλ÷仯ˣڸƶ
λñˣæı䷽
ûãǷ֣ƶˣһָıλá
͵ĸоֻҪһҪ˴˼ľ룬ҲӦĸı䡣
֪ˡ
ǵĶ򡣡
͵ʶһ㣬޷ͣһҲŶʵ
ѹһֱӦǵǵϳ֮һͿܣȻȻ˳Ҽȥ˵ûӦǵֻ׽Բء
ʶӦǵǵĵ̣˶ɵЩţжȴǸǼġ
ҾͲţһֱȥһλʮطۺݺݵ
׷
׷·ţ
뵽λ׷ɱǱģ磬۵Ĵڣδնǿߣ˾Ƕ־˶ƴĳŷλ÷ȥ
ȻǺܿ췢֣뷽ľû̡
ٶȣֻ֮ϡ
ϧУûһóٶȣ򣬷ӲˡźϾӲ˶õġ
һ׷صķΧһǧ﷽Բ
ֻҪŵƣ֮ץסʱ⡣
ȷˣǧ﷽ԲķΧϸı˲ԣäĿ׷𣬶ĿԵѹܻĵ
ȻΧܴ󣬵ǷҪǵľ룬ֲһжҲƵġ
ΪӪʳŷĻռ䣬ЧҲģ뷽ľ룬
ǵһ
ͺַɢ˷ֱǰͬķ򣬲ڽǱ˴˼ľ벢ԶʱоԮ
һŻľŷֹȥ£
ֱʱ˫û棬Ƿ͵ˣᵽŵĽźͷķΧ
͵ˣ֣ΪӣⷽԲǧڽвţ׷ɱ

û취Ƭڣ׷ֻʱ⣬Ҳ뿪ǻƻ籾Σգû鸮ļ칦ܣҲǵ׷٣ҲӲ˶Զ
૵ϸıԼλá
磬֮ջɳţȻû鸮ǰ죬ȴҲûֹͣŷڵļ޲ϱƽ
ˣҿȴĻҪˣһ˳£ǿʼĴ⣬ҵĻᡣ
ҵķϾͻᵽ



1736 ʥ
ˣ㲻˶ãٹ죬ҪôҵҪôӳⷽԲǧûеڶѡ񡣡
۾һоա
ֻҪ뿪Ƭ򣬾޷ǰǵĶʧȥһƣĲɫҵΧʹٶҲ޼¡
ۣ䡣
ͬʱҲĬĬš
߰죬죬ҵȴʱͻᵽ
ŵķΧţպʹأ˭ܸܵǷϢԲǧڵı飬ǹţ¶ͷñ˫˳նɱ
һա
¡
һڳƲѹĪĸоһѹ֣δת۾ء

һʮطüͷ鲻֪ΪЩ
룬ӦԵʣԴгͺټˣϾ仯ʮطǰҲһͷɢ£תơ췭ظǵУǣǻƻ磬һۺڻûֻţٸеӦ
Ҳ΢е㲻Ӧˡ
ٴıҲǽĿȥһнһţΪӰ죬Ͱûκ
ţ
Ŀڴɨλʮط¶˼ֲ죬һֻֻӳѨ߳зߣľ֡
ĳ֮ǰδֹ
ǽ˵غ󣬾ûϵǿϢʮط۵ĿֲѹıԶԶľߣ㲻ҿڣЩȴѹʲôӿµĴڣں׷ǡ
ȻλʮطĿȥȴûзκ쳣
ĳ˲Щܿ죬λʮط۾ͽֲų⣬ܳΪʮطۣһ콾Ӣܣƽսŵģ
ǷֶΣҪĿ飬̫ˡλʮطЦ
Щ춯϶ǷĹҪңԱߡ
һҲܿȷʵ;ĩ·ˡ
˱ӵı飬λʮطۼѰ֪˶ãͻȻһ֪ʱͣˣǺƲҲʧؼһƬ
Ҳ֪ôģĿֻţȻӿͷ
ûע⵽ڴϱӵı鶼ͣſ˵ϣһҶֵ˼㡣
~
һ̾Ϣ쳹ء
׵̾Ϣ֮һȽȽ𣬽͵Ĺâ˴ء
¹ҫ£һɽ建֣վһӣɽۣ¡
⣬⡭ʮط¶˾֮ɫ
¡ɽ塢ӡ
ǰĳڱ𴦲棬ǣԲڻƻ磬ǧ﷽Բ롣һ̾ϢʱͻȻ䷢˱仯һ鶼Īĳһʱڡ
زãҵĴǰ·ڡ
оãҲǰķ򣬴ת۵ϡ
ʥ
֣ӵһ̣;ʶһ㣬֪λһλʥȴ֪һλʥ
ʥ졣
ף˻ƻеľʥ졣
ƻʥͻħĹЩµĴ棬Ƭɢγ󣬶ЩƬ޲ӡλʥͻħĺۼĳЩʱ̣Щӡᱻ䣬ͷ·λʥħ
ܱӡģ޲Ƿ顣
ǰһĻʥĳңԶĹȥӵĻܲ³Ӧһ֡
ʷĻǾʹڹȥʱ֮С
ֱ棬һʱڣҲȥۿʥͽžͷ֣Լʧȥ˷ӰҲӦĴڣǷˣҲӦ
ʥĳ£һ޷Զ׷֮ʧЧ
á
ɫ䣬ʱʶһ˶ɢ˿ȥһֱûκεֿҲڲ֪нǵľ衣
ǿ֮Ĵڰ
뵽С³оһɺ͵
͵˷׷ɫʱ򣬷ȴٶȣ鸮
ڵȵˣһ̡
Щһζûн鸮ûб¶ʱʥ£׷طʧЧ̽鸮
顣
һ£ŨĻʱɢݿſ˹˼ɣŻǿĻ֮ոԷ˼ٶȳɳš
ʥ죬ѹ٣ڵĻѹţûбߵΣգڷ޹˼ɵ£֮յĳɳٶԶκʱ򣬱;뼫޲Զˣ£תۼʹﵽ˼¡
~
Ȼǿٵһ㣬֮ͻ֮շţҲ췭ظı仯
һжƽȻ̤˷ۺڡ



1737 նɱһ
~
̤ۺڣ翪ʼţ֮պ֮Ҳ׳ɳţ֮֮ʱ֪ǿ˶ٱ
ͬʱҲȻӦͻȻ㣬쳣ƺ̺͹֮Ĺγһ֮󣬿ҲͷҰÿһ䡣
ǡ
ۺڣȷʵܿʼӦˣҪȵһ֮󣬽ӽ۷ʱ򣬲Ӧ۷ǿߣһܸӦ޴ڵĴڡ
ڲŸո̤ۺڣ綼ûȶ˵޷Ӧģǣ˲ͬ
֮⣬ؼ֤ʹôƼ÷̤ۺڣ͸Ӧ˴ĴڣԶԶ֮ͬˡ
ڲǸӦЩʱ򡣡һع
ޱ޼ʵĹ֮ʧǻþһ㣬ȴΪӦȶԵʣû̫࣬Ҳûȥϸ鿴ͻƺЩƳ١
ʱңҪģǳúһεʥ죬ɱˡ
ʹ̤˷ۺڣʵǣ͵˵ʵȻҪڷ֮ϣⲻһͻƾܸıġ
濹⣬Ƕ֡
ˣһεʥ죬õĻᣬҲΨһĻᡣ
ӷ˽⵽ƬϣҲ֪ʥĳֹɣ׼ʥֺ󣬾ж鸮Լľ磬෴͵ȴôԤϲֲʧȥȻ
Źܵȵһεʥ죬һνԷ
ͻƾ绨ȥһЩʱ䣬಻ֶ࣬룬뵽һ̳鸮
¹أվɽ֮ϣüչ
ضܵӰ죬УвĳãȻҲ⡣
ʷĻ棬ƺҲᵽλʥľеɱԵţĽľ͵𵴣Щն
ѹ٣ѹһط
鸮ļ칦ܴʱҲѾʧЧλãǵ
~
ִԦƿնȥ
ٶȱ֮ǰҪࡣ
÷췭ظĽϾ淨ûб仯ĽѾþתҲͣڵתȻͽڽڷȴǷӳ˸Ϊǿ
ͽʮ켶㹻ǿ󣬾ߵĵرֻһ֮ң
ʹǣһֱɾʥ
ͬľ磬ڣܽǵӳ١
ͻƣ񽣣չֳ˷â
һλʮطۣȻڷǰ
ԷƫԭλãȻҲʶ˲ףҪ˻غϣǣû뵽ǣô͸˹
һֱ͵˵׷ɱֻǶܣûнֵ뷨УǵĽǱôҲʼô˷ֿ˴˼ľǳңԶʱڣûлϵĿܡ
ڴѹ֮£ٶȸǴӰ졣

ڷͬʱλʮطҲ˷о֮ɫһţͱᶨŸȡ
ۣҲսʤҡ
ķۺڣ֮ӣԶһķۺܱȵģȻԽսҲǲ֮䣬Ҫɱңȫǳ˵Σǣһͱ¶ˣֻҪҲסǺܿͻʱ޴ӡ
һ֪㷸˴󡣡
λʮطۺɣһ޴֮ľӭ˷׼
~
ؼһ
ûããгʼէ𣬳ء
~
ڽ֣ɱ
ط󡣡
֮
򷨲֡
һ˲䣬ȫԸû˿ıڽױȵĹâ˻޼᲻ݵĽ⣬ݺڤնʮطۡ
ۺڣôܡ
ʮطأžͱ˾¶֮ɫæʩչȫҪֵ⾪һ
˫
޴ĽХض˺һֲĺ蹵ĺ𶯲񷣬Ӱֳһͣ٣ͺͣķߣ˽ֵĵطλʮطֱӱնɱڽ˲䣬ͱƬȫʬ
ķȫһ֮
ʱնɱۺڣһ档
һ
Ŀ䣬һĿ꼫ٷȥɱһ



1738 
ˡ
ڷնɱ˵һλʮطʱ;һӦͬ
ƻΣأ۷ҲԶԺУƻ֮ǰ˵ͱطϵһһ䣬̻Ӷ߾裬ʹʥ죬ѹ£ҲӰ졣
ǷֻҲֻͺͺ
ⷽԲǧڣܶһвģֻзһˣʥ죬ǰǾĳ򲻾лԡ
ǣΪʲôô졣޷⡣
λͬ飬ʵ̫ˣʥ챬ڣŹȥһʹ˷Ҳô䣬ûаֿأͺԼͬʵȻǲ緽Ҳ̫Զ
ˣģ˷ɢѰҷء
ƻļһһԮ֣Ǳȴڡ֮⣬벻Ŀܡ
˵磬ҲʵϾͺʱ䣬ô̵ʱҪۺڣǾ޿ܵģ˵ʹǽ˾磬ʵҲô󣬽Լͬ˲նɱֻа֣ܽͣǵǵϳҪ˵ûа֣ͲŲš
죬Ϲһϡ
ļ٣ȴûа취а˱뾡ϣڲ֮أǣѹ֮£ԸӦ˴ˣҲıλãֻߴ٣ȫٸ
ٶȴӰ£ҪҲ¡
һ̣ޱȺڣýɢ

ͷߴٵͬʱҲҵ˵ڶλʮطۣԷԭλãѾʮңԶ
֣λʮطҲǴ󺧣ͬʱĿҲǼæĹˣҪҳܴڵĵˣһͬΪǷһˣնɱͬ顣
Ѱңעͽ޹
~
ûϻȤ˫֣֮ʩչЮĿϢΪ콣⣬һն
ɡ
ڶλʮط֮ɫ䵱
ڶ
ͣȥѡķ򣬲ǵλۺڣȻ͡
ӵڶλʮط۵ȷˣʧȥ鸮ļ£Լ׷λʮطۣ׷ˣҲȻ˷Ѵʱ䣬ʱӦûˡ
ңǻλ۷壬һλۺڡ
濹⣬ʤã
ˣնɱ˵ڶλʮطۺ󣬷ͺԥѡλ۷壬ڶԷ֮ǰԼƾܵ󣬽Էǿһ㡣
һ쵰㲻ú
ӵڶλʮط۵Ѷĺ֮࣬ҲǱŭѣĸ֮ʱĿһݣžԶȥʹѹţҲһ۾Ϳˣһƿն
~
ִ˫ǰֳ
նɱλͬķۺڣ÷ɱ죬籡ǿޱȵĽ⣬־ᶨˣһΪ֮
Ŀ֮ԽǱŭ淢侲
ûֻ֣зһˣͿȷһ㣬ûͨͫ
ôܡͷķ֣Ѿ˷ۺڣ𺳲ѡ
˳ɳٶȣֱǷ˼δš
ѹֻ֣ųƵۡͳ
ɱ~
ûзϻִ˫ɱȥ
鸮ļ£֪˾ǶԷԣ׷طһսʤΣشˣʥȥ󣬷Ĵ᧿Σˡ
ˣڴӲͬȫٸ
ҲҪȫֻҪһˣͱˡ
ʱ䣬٣սپ
ľ£ȴûһ˿һ٣ڵսѾﵽ˼¡
~
˽ֲ֣Ʋס̳˷йɽһرһƬƬҲ˺´Ŀĵľ޴Ѻۡ
ֲգ棬޾Ľ͹â籡ڻΧһС
µģϢմһ㣬Ѹˡ
Ҳǲʾ
ͷһֻɫ޶𵴼䣬һƬƬɫ޶ÿһײͬձ㸲ֲ˼㡣
ͨͫ£û˿©ĶĿɫ޶Ƿؾ֮
˴򵽵ĵط޲ѣĩա
ıǵѪùʥ±ѹֵĲҶʱͽ֣ܲ˽ȥת۾ͻ˷ɻҡ



1739 һ
ôܣôܡ
һ߽ţ˾κˡ
û뵽Ȼƴ൱˿·磬ôܣҪ֪۷Ѿã죬ҲֻǸսۺûá
ûʱĳͻۣ淨ȫϣһռӣ쵽ȥ
ͺԽԽսԽԽѡ
Ϊ츳ǱʮطۣڳΪ۳ڣڵʱ򣬾ѾľȫǱǵʵǿ淨֮ӣǿ˵ȫһģҪԽսҲǲܡ
ȻԽϣǱ˷׷ֹܸһ¥ߵľ磬ۺڡ۷ģһǾ콾еţҪԽսǣ̸ס
Ƿ۷壬һǿޱȣѹ콾
֮Զܱȣ͵ҲСԣ˵ԽԽѵԽսȴʲô£ǣҲҪۺһʱգ㹻Ļ֮ڸո̤ۺڣȷڲ췭ظı仯ȴսԼλ۷ˣֱڵ߸͵֪
۷ͷۺڣ֮Զ
Ĺôǿ󣬻ƽʱ׾ֵܵȴܡ
ʥ죬ʥ졣зߺƽ
ѹ£һӰ죬ʵ
ȴһûܵκӰ졣
͵Ŀ⣬ϣ֪ʹõؽ֮һδƷߵĵرɣȻߵĵرȴǲ䣬ʹ߿ʥĴѹ
ܣʥȣǣǰʥ죬ȴҲɢĴƬɡ
߶в㣬˭Ҳ޷ѹ˭£ȴ÷Ӱ죬ȫӳʵ˵Ĳࡣ
ˣǿȻľҲˣΪʲôԼʥڣԷɵ֣ɱ֮죬һɳȷʵǺѹ磬˿ҡ
Ҫʥջȥϻϣʱ򣬾Ƿڡ
Ŀ䣬һ㶼ɣԼȡյʤ
ʱµķǲɵֵģʹǿޱȵķ۷ҲһȻܵϡ
𽥸ı˲ԣרעڷǽɫ޶ͷƬƬâĹһһ⡣
֮Իѡ񱻶أ֪ȥԷ⣬ҲΪ͸оĹԽԽͣԽԽԵֵƺÿһ̣ĸǿԭйأģùض࣬͵֮࣬Ҳǲѡ˷ء
ɣɱҵġ
ҵͬڸʥҲȥϾҪˣûҵͬǶȥ·
ӣһȥȻ֮ء
һ߷ţһͼﶯҡŷս⡣
ԴǹţȫصͬһڹǣӲ˷ָ
ϾǷ۷壬ԶԶǿڷۺڵĿ´ڣ綼µĳ׿
ԼĴҲ֪ÿϹһ룬ԼԽΣա
ǣڵս⣬ȴûΪЩ˥䣬Ǹӵĸ߰
ԽǾһԽҪ׿һе
͵ķأ÷ȫͶ뵽֮Уʱʹ͸ıҪҲˣֻڷ籩ĹмѷȴֹЪһ̡
ٹ
һйǣԺ󣬲ȥ룬ʱ󳷻ʲôҲȥ룬ɱͻ𣬷ֻеĽ
ڽڽ
Ŀž޲ƽ˼£׿裬һսԼĹӵ˼£УĹ
ʱؽͬ
ģ˷մأ޾յϣڻڶ
㣬Ͷ
ǣеĳϣȻǿҵĹââǿҵͶе۵ĵز
ŷĹͽڽϵĹâҲԽԽǿң̺ҲԽԽֲ𽥴ﵽ޷ĳ̶ȡ
ͬʱ
ɽϣԡ¹⣬ӶųеĽƺãȥһеĹ۵׸
вĸоԽԽʢһִͷĸоʱҲӲˣĽƾ룬Ѿ޷
ͦסˡ
һŭԶһλ۷壬ȫٸ
ˣˡͿЦļʱŤת˾ơ
ޱϲȫٷеĳն
һ翪٣
һ
ɲǼ䣬ؼ·һ̫޿ɵֵ̬ȻѳˮĹԳأҲÿһ䡣
â䣬˿ɱ⣬ȴһС
һ磬ϵĿϲɿ־壬˻ŭȫ߶Žɫ޶Ȼǿ󵽼£޿ƥеǰȴˮн
ɫ޶͵һͣžͣѣ촷ۡ
һȥػ
۷ͣ䡣


1740 Զȥ
ĿԼǰٷһλ۷Ӱ͵ضסŶ˵תͷӡ
Ȼ
ҲҲ뱨һ̫̬һȫٷӣһ߸ԼŽڡ
̫֮ĳ
Ҫ֪͵ʵ˿֮£ҪǿЩͶնɱˣο䷽һ֮磬޿ƥеֱ˵
ɱ
Ľϳ٣ûпֻ̫࣬ڷ͹¿֧ţžͱһնɱڼս֮࣬Ҳûй̫࣬͸һһޱǿĴսûС
˵ľ벻ԶϵܣܵĻᶼûˡ
ԼתͷӣҲϵˣǲҪ
ִ˫Ӷݣû׷ϣֱʧ۽磬Ż³һڳǿƥή
һ˷ֻһռӣһЩˡ
ȴǱˡ
ҵתͷ෴ķȥɵӣһλǿޱȵʮطۣ־ᶨȻǱʱסˣȴҲܻܿعڻߣ߲ˡ
緽룬Ͼͻعŭ֮ķ׷һ飬ȴȻ˲ࡣ
ٶȱ֮ϣֲʥӰ죬ʹ;ƿݣٶҲǲңҲѸٻָţ÷ٶԽԽ죬ڱ׷֮ǰԶԶ˦˺棬֮زز
ˡ
¹£սоϲΪǰ·ķ㡣
ӵĽҲǻȥ
ѹʧʥĳҲ֮ȥƬػָ
˵һεʥʱ䲢ⲻʱ͵֮䣬ȴͼذݶޱȵĽ棬λʮط۵䡣
»ָʱٲҷֿ
͵䣬ʹȨȫ˷ϣ鸮칦ܵĻָ÷ܿ˵Ķ򣬹۲һʱ䣬ȷãȻҲҲԼ׼ȷλã֪ԼӮˡ
Ļع鸮һ
侲̵һսĵʧҲòϣһյ˼㣬һٲ֮ضЦ
ķӦʵ⣬ʥ챾Ӱ飬£ܵĳ֪֮СĽһЩҲ
ûߣֻҪ˳ɣаӳ죬ڸٴ۰ˡ
ʥѾȥʱߣˣȻǶ֡
ѣûбһնɱ۷սɱǡ
նɱ۷壬뱸²
ˣɱ͡
һ磿ڵңǸոƤëһ绹֮𡣡
ǰֵĺһ磬ȴⲻһ硣
Ψзۺڣʸһ磬Ϊһ£Ǵն䣬Ҫ򵽴ĴڣҲǻԵɺϣ׿裬϶򣬲ʩչôµһ
ʥĳޱϵʱҲǾԵĹؼء
򣬷ۺǿĽô࣬Ȼһģмˡ
ʱؽͬ㲻顣
Ȼ޷Уü޵Σȴûˡż컭еתˣһЦ
һ˾ʧȥ۾Ҫҳ졣
ǵʵҲ뷢ŵ鸮
Ҫ뿪ﲻǾ֮ء
һ̫ˣһ͵ˣʱǿԸһǱǸΪǿĴڣӶûӡ
ƻ磬Լʵܸõս
;ڽۺں뿪ƻģֻ͵˵ĵ˷ļƻòڽͣҲû˺֮ǡ
ǻ档
ȥĻ棬Ҳ÷ʮָȤȻ룬ú߲ȥλʦֵҲϣŪģʥʲôϵҲ÷⡣
ٲɣûоˣ뿪鸮Ҳ뿪ǧ
ۺڣȷ۷ǿʵȻһʵڻƻԱ
鸮ṩϣԻƻҲһ֪һĨڣԶ鸮ΧҲ˾޴ı仯ɽˮ㣬Ǳû谵


1741 Ǻ
ջ谵Ѳ⣬ǿķ籩ϯУʱʱģпռѷ֣߾޴ķкɨ
ڴϣҲûɽˮģѿţγһ֣۽ţżͻ׵ȥɾ޴Ԩն
ִ޴ڣı٣ȴҲӵǿ
뷽ǰĻƻȫͬһһ㣬Ǵ鸮Уȴ˽⵽ǻƻɣ˵ǻƻһò
ƻ磬ʥͻħγɵġ
ԭһƬޣûգҲûдأʲôڣʥͻħ٣Ƭɢ䣬֮еպʹء
ʱܵʶǣŻ鸮ҲǻƻԽΪȫĵط
鸮ڵĴ½λڴ˶γɵġ
ڷ뿪ӽ½ıԵҲͼʶ˻ƻһ档
ǰͻ뿪½Ǻˡ૵Ŀǰȥ
ƻԭƬޣͱΪǺһλλʥͻħ䣬ǵʹƬɢǺ֮Уγһ½
½ǺӵΣա
Ϊʥͻħ壬Ǻһķ籩أУҲҪȥڵ½֮ԱԵ˻谵գλڱԵشϡԵ⣬ԭ򣬾ǱǺеķ籩
ǺΣޱȣȴҲ
Է˵һõ
Ҫ׷ɱԼʵǺҲǱѡ
ûôԥǰȥûã뿪½ͬڰһŵǺ

ڰǺ֮Уһ͹Źֵ۴ٷš
۴쳣Ӵ󣬸һβɴݵĸоƫƫٶҲǲ
ʵϣҲǱȻѡǺеķ籩Ӽ㣬ѶܿȥһУͻٻ³Ǻߵ۴޲ڷ˼ĹֻҪܳŹ籩ʤ
ʱûǺ籩ŰȻ۴ȴ𴦴ٷеһ;ĩ·ĸо
ˣȻùӰޡ
۴ϣһȺ¶֮ɫ
ģǻƻı飬ǺӰޣǿޱȣµǣǺϣѷǵӰȥ٣ǵĻ϶·һ
ӰޣҲǺԸϵǺ֮һ
Һ飬ǺҲǲ࣬û뵽ȴùıǸˡ
¡~
۴Ȼһ󶫵ᣬϵĿ־֮ɫζţӰ޿ʼˣһƿ˴壬ȴ˵ģֻ·һ
ɱɱǡ
ȻԸԴУźڰŵǺ񹥻ţǣӰ޼ǺݣҶҲʮֹһӰ϶ȻңͷĹȻ˲Ӱ޷ֺ
¡¡~
ƺ˵ĹŭˣӰ޵Ĺ۴ţ¶һĿĵѺۡ
ˡ
أҲ
˭ܾȾңԺһʵҲˡ
˷𷴻˾أȻӰǺɱǰȴûκ塣
ţ
ңԶһ޴ʯϣһͻȻ۾â¶
ˣ뿪鸮ڴ½ķʱǺѾȥһࡣ
Ȼˣ⵽ƫ˶Զ
Ϊ˱ⱻ׷ɱҵټѡ·ߣԶģֻǰǺﵮһֲޱȵľ޴籩Ҳû⣬籩˽ȥǰҲֻǿԱ
籩ԼѿȴȻˡ
Ҫǣ֣·ˡ
ǳֲ籩ϯ֪˶ԶƫԤĿ꣬ΧǺҲ鸮ļڣԷ˵ȫİġ
ûãǰһĻ
ûҲͰˣȻˣҲԹۣңҲŪԼױϯʲôط
Իƻ壬Ǻ⡣
ƻģȻǿޱȵʮطۣЩ۴ڣеڻƻ磬е뿪ˣҲеģ˻ƻ磬棬塣
ϾҪΪʥ̫ѣƻʥأȻ᲻뿪
Ҳеڻƻ̫ãƬȾ̫࣬Ѿ޿صĳ̶ȣ޷ٽֻ
ö֮ڻƻһЩҲĳ˵Ҳ˵Ǳһ֡



1742 ɴ½
Ӱޡ
Ŀȥ۴ȴߵģʱ׹Ӱޡ
ֿµǺɱߣڷǺһҲΣʤȻӰ޼ȥ٣ڷȴΡ
ӴӰޣҲ˱ᣬǣϾЩȺӰޣŷ۷弶ǿĴǺеһԡ
ǰ۴ģֻӰްˣֿµȺ޾塣
ڽС
ҲңԶľ룬ƽƽһն
ڰǺ֮УȻһֲֿޱȵգһ֣ռǺÿһ䣬ɢһкڰ޾Ĺâͻ糱ˮ㳯˷ӿȥ
~
۴ϵˣûзӦͿǺ͵شŹţĹâͻ糱ˮХ˲佫۴ûĿֻӿĿֲ泤ӡ
˶ɵˣΪҲᱻ泤ɣȻ𾪵ǣֲĻ泤ӽûڣȴǴ۴ԵǾ˵ûӰ쵽Ƿֺ
Χ֮İֻ׷ɱǣΪӰֳڻ泤з˲ˣûþʧȥӴڻ泤ӣת۾ͱٳ˷ɻҡ
ֻӰޱɱ֮ǳصĻ͹â֮ʧǴûгֹһ㣬׹ξ
ҡ𣿡һ૵Ĳ˼顣
׳գΣгǿĸ˳ˣɱӰޡҲ־ѡ
΢΢һЦڽӰ޵Ŀǣ˵ֻӰ޵ʵԶˣһɱ
һʯʧ̿ңԶǺ̤۴ϡ
ͻȻ֣ϵ޲󾪣Ͼʶǰǵĸˣҵ׷ǰ
ǰ֪ǰкָ̣һģվ˳
ҪţҾʼ⡣΢Цһ۾ͿӲ죬λģǼںŮ
۴ʣҲȻˣҲںôֻ࣬Ҫ˻شԼˡ
Щȴǲ˭Ҳ֪ôǣڲҲһģŷͻɱӰ޵ǿڣҪǣȫǾ֮͡
ڰǺɱڵó
͵ûпǵͲԼ˳һһش˿ǣⲢô꣬Ҳû漰ص飬һЩʶԵ⣬ѻش
ɴ½΢΢üӵڵĴ½
ɴ½ָľʥͻħ׹ǺɵĴ½鸮ڵģһɴ½
鸮һЩɴ½֣ɴ½ȴǴδŹƻʵ̫ˣǺҲܰʱ䶼̽Ǻͻƻϣû˵ɴ½Ҳǲܡ
ǳǺ籩׽Ҵ˶Զ
û˵棿
˶һ㶣¶ãȻ֮ɫȻȴ֣ǼעŮУȴɫһ
ţ
һɼķ˳ڷǰ
Ӵ󺧡
ųԼѹʱֲѹ٣ѹ˶á
˵꣬ԷӦȺλߵһ
ҡңֻǺżȻһΡŵĻ겻壬ţκ
˵Ҳ֪ʲôֻһΣͬμһǿ߽ۻᣬֻƬƺᵽ˻֡
ӣҲѣ˵ͷ֪ģҲ֪Ĳˡ
ˡ
һڰ׽֯⣬ӷϳɨˣţһʧԭء
ôˣ
һߣ۴ϵ˻عãȻ
ˣǴɴ½׼Ǻðա
ԷӰ޵ļ䣬ֻĨȥˣǵļ䣬ͣڱӰ׷ɱ֮ǰ
ꡣ
Ȼ֪ô£ֲĸоǻȥɡüͷ
ļûˣӰ컹ǲдţû˿ǺȤѡ˴ظ
Ǹǰ棬ɴ½ķȥ



1743
ɴ½
һ߸ٷţһ߻ţոմ鱨
ǰһλǿޱȵʮط۽٣Գ棬û뿪ƻ磬ɴ½㣬ɨԭ̾ı飬תء
ģƻǨƶӱɴ½壬ķܣ׳
ʱգɴ½ѾһΪǿɴ½ΧıǿߣڸǺҲǺպ
ɴ½Ϸۼǿ߲٣ǿģȻλ棬ӦǷۼޣѾȥܾˣʮǰͲٳ֣ڶѾ䡣Ѱ˼š
ûܳʥ䣬οʮطۡ
ڻƻ磬ûгɾʥĿܣ뵽磬ϣɾʥֹڷۼޣҲྡˡ
ȥλۼޣɴ½ʮλʮطۣųΪʮۡ
ʮˣȫʮطۣʵǿ۳ˣˣۺˣڷ۷ˡ
һɴ½ʮλʮطۣѾǼΪѵˣƻбס
ȻǼõʥأǣʵǿʮط۶Եģʵ΢ȴΪȫɳѣؽĵش֮ȻҲѣǳɳ
ˣӦ˲ȱȫĴȥ磬ܵų⣬ֻڻƻ磬ˣѾ˺ܴĲͬ

ǡ
ǳڹ·֮ϣ֮䣬Χƺͬ߸ϵ飬Ų
һȻƿն˺˷Χƺͣ˷ǰֳһ꣬Ǹϵɴ½ķ
ųμӵģǷǵˣֵǿ߽ۻᣬֻƬ
ǷҪҵĿ꣬Ҳʮ֮һۺڡ
ٺ١
΢΢ҡͷƻ磬Ѿ˺ܴĲͬʹõţҲûȫģϾҲ»ʲôͷ
ߺˣĶС̾˷ǡ
·ǰݼһңң˳ȥ
󵨣ǺεܼģȥӷУϴǳ⣬Էг˽Ժ÷ܼ֮ģȻ߲ƣȥǣҲȫ塣
ȻʧЦ
Ҳûмٶ˵ʲôǷųԼѹͬʱҲʱһھ֮ϵĴѹȻ١
һ䣡ΧƺȻըɨţڶػζͬ㸲
ǼƲæ˷ϵһǿڿնٴС
Ȼڷ£ǵķϵ𵴣һǿҲ׹ȥһ
һˣֵֺܵ
Ҫ
ۿŷĲеҪնǵ˾ŴУﻹа㽾
ʱ֪һǿڡ
ڳܹԪ֮һǰͳȥѩˡﴫ
˵ͷûлɡ
ڳĻôĶܲ֡
Ԫۡ
Ҳʮ֮һɴ½ϣԳΪ۵ģֻλ۷壬Ԫеһ
۷壬ҲûʲôµġûôԥڵʵʹǷ۷壬Ҳսһ
һ˲Ϣƿնȥ
ֱԶ룬ɢǵ˲ųһ
Ĵɴ½ʲôʱ򣬶ôһλۼǿߡ
죬콫´ݸˡ

һ޼ʵѩԭ֮ϣһӨ͸Ĺڲѩɽ֮䡣
Ǳѩɴ½һλ۷壬˪ѩסĹȻܹԪ֮Ǽĵطȴһλ۷ĵ̡
ƿգٵѩԭ
˵;УҲŪˣѩĹҲûʲôúµġ
ţ
ھѩԶʱ򣬷ͣüȥ
ֻһǿޱȵϢԨ纣ڷȴޱȵĿ
˼λʮطۡЦЦ
ʱǱѩȻаλʮطۣϢӴޱȣյգѹһУϢľǳˡ
ɴ½ʮλʮطۣۼ˰֮࣬ȻʲôС¡
ûôΣĵҲ˱ѩ˵ע⡣



1744 һܵ
ߺˣһ
һŮӱѩڴϢʮ죬Ȼϴ
ͬʱѩɽıѩҲǴſӭˡ
ʱıѩڣаλʮطۣǶԷϳκ˵̶ͬѨȻȴûɣƿն˱ѩǰ̤롣
Ŀɨڵĳ۵ס
߾׵һһŮǿޱȣϢԨ纣еһӣɫۣﲻɽӦþλԪۣһλλϵİŮӣѩƣǴ˵صˣ˪ѩۡ
λ۷֮£ˣʮطۡ
ŵ˵ͬʱҲڹ۲ŷӦľֻǷۺں󣬹Ԫۺ˪ѩ۵滺١
ʵѲ⣬һǿߣɻʮֱ
ۺڣʵǺΣɴ½ˣĪǽ֮ʱھɴ½ԶԪۿŷг˼
ȻܿǻƻˣϵϢűʵ
ҪǺΣҲҪз۷ʵһԱɴ½ôǿʮطٶ࣬뿪˵εģȴûмˣʹҲ뿪̫Զ
Ƿۺڣûʵ˹Ԫ۵ȻΪӦãĵطɴ½Զ
ǸҵķҫߣûȹԪۿڣʷеһߣȴͻȻڣɭɭͬʡ
ҡȻⳤǷѾӵ˷ٷǵϢ
ÿСӣһΪжٱ£Ҳһۺڣɴ½Ҳɲ磬ݲüǿҵŭ
ڷǰһ÷Ϊ𣬽ӵϢĵŭ⣬÷һаʱ˷йĿꡣ
ҵʵв㣬һǣǲڻµġ΢ЦƵᡣ
ȻҪʦڱ˵ĵϣҲ̫ȴںͨʵΨǿʵŻӦĶԴ͵λȻҲԽ
һʱðɣŭһ˻Ϊһ磬˱ѩޱѩԭϡ
շģҲҳһս
ڱѩǲҶֵģֱӳս
кβҡ
һЦƿգҲǵѩԭ֮ϡ
Ԫۺ˪ѩ۶һۣ˵ͷͷǷۺڣÿ̽һ£ԷжʵǶûֹ

ӷϣĻϯصĿ磬һʱذޱ޼ʵ籩֮Уʼתµ˼㡣
Է춯صƣɫ䣬ڽ
֮е˥֮ʩչ˳
һ̳ݱ˲˴磬ţڻ۷һ֮ĽڽƽһͶ뽣⣬ͬʱһɿ˥Ϣɢݳƺߵľͷ׷յĿ磬Ҳþɢ
һնǣ˴תۡ
~
ظ֮羡ҽһȻˡ
˿ȥֻޱѩԭȻʧڷһһ֮컻أ֮
ס֡
Ԫۺ˪ѩͬʱڣ˶һۣǿҵ𺳡
ǷۺڣǷ۷ʵ
˳֣Ҳûնɱ˷ֻչԼҲ͹ˡ
ڱѩǰһģ㲻ȣɫ䣬ſ³ѪһȻشǷûȫԸˣʱĿη塣
鸮նɱۺڣȻʱǽʱķۺڣҲһܱȵġ
ڣһΣû˸СƷԪۺ˪ѩ۲С
չֵʵõ˵ͬ
ʮطۣô𣿡˪ѩ۸̾һ䣬ޱѩԭȴûʲôŭֻҪ˵سָɹۣҲƽϡ
һЦûлشȻ˵Լе⣬ڷۺһ𣬻Խսģ綼Ƿëǡ
˪ѩҲ⣬ڸпʮط۵ӣһ̨ףɳģʶ㣬ʸƻģͲ࣬ɴ½λãʹǺټǿۣӴࡣ
ҲΪ˰ǰǳǺ籩ġԪͻȻڣĿ⾼



1745 ħ
ǰǺ籩
ɫ΢뵽ˣԼϯȥ֪ԶǳǺ籩ͣŵɴ½
ȻǺеķ籩ʱʱ֣ɴ½λãԼǳǺ籩Ĺģȴ÷뵽֮⣬ƺҲûһǺ籩üλʮط۾ۼ̸ۡ
ȷʵΪǳǺ籩תģɵĻش
Ԫ۵Ҳûʲô⡣
Ǻʱ򣬱ǳ籩룬ǿ֧ŲŽҵѡּһ䣬ʵǳ籩ʲô𣿡
ʲôǳǺ籩˷׷׶ݡ
ǿĿ⣬ҲǸӵľηǺ籩ǳǺ籩ǺεȵΣգһû뵽룬Ȼû
ߣܲǺǳڻƻ磬ȽϤԪ˷һۣǺз籩ǣģôֲķ籩ȴ쳣ģֻȼֿܣôֲķ籩
˵ţ¶֮ɫ塣
ǰһ죬ͻȻҵʱɴ½ԵԶ̸˹ȥͿǺ谵壬ߴǧס߼ʵľ˳ɴ½һ˽һԴԴϵĳŴ½
Ҳҿڳűסһ򣬲ɴ½ıǺĵطǽȫ٣ⳡֲޱȵķ籩ϯ
º󾭹̽飬ҷ֣ⳡֲ籩Ǵɴ½ǽܵ˲׵壬»һƽ١
˶أǻûйԪֱǺ籩ĳȴҲº˽⵽顣
һ
ǳǺ籩׹ģжУҲǲö֪Ԫ۵֪ǺεȵĿ¡
Ӧλڷ籩ıԵŵ⣬ǱģҲһ૵
Ϊʲôôһֲ籩Һ˪ѩڷ籩ȥҲǳŷ籩ȥҪȷԴǰãôһ¡Ԫ۵Ҳټ˵ԭ
ʲôԭ򣿡ֱʵ
ɡԪһһ䣬˵Ļȴ𶯡
۾͵һ
֪ԼǺ籩ǰֲԶ󣬷²ˣϾγķ籩ԭûʱԪ˵Ȼ𺳡
ɡ
ǰ䣬׹Ǻޱ߷籩
ɲǴ˵˵Ǵ֮أԷڽ룬ǰʥͻħȴһ֮󣬻׹Ǻ
ֳԶʯܱģǽһƣӴޱȵ޷壬ݺ֮УĶ֮ȫģǺ䶯
ýˣʵͨ죬Ѵ
֮ʱǺķ籩Ӽ㣬ɨ֪Զ
ʥǻħ񣿡ʵ
Ӧһħ񡣡Ԫ۵һԣ׹ǺĻħҪԶʥ
΢΢ͷ
϶ԣ㲻üңʥһĸ٣նɡ
ȴһ
ĵԶԶ磬߲綼λڻ֮УǴ󺣣Ǵеһ͵졣
ħڶֲ࣬ڻǱ˴ɱԶʥ֮ϣȻʥͻħһҲǲˡ
ħ䣬Ϊɴ½ܻ֮УһжûͣԵ۾
ѹЩ˻ۼȻȥһ
׼ȥħ䴦һ֪̽ԸԸͬУԪҲ࣬ȴŷĻش
ϷһôɵģͰħϢ˵ء
Ҫ֪ħĿֲ籩֪ᾪˣǴطģֻһɴ½Ԫ۵ףƻЩֲǿߵǿҪ󵰸Ϸֵһ飬ͱ뼯˵
Щʮطۣƽٲìܳͻȴƽ͵һȻΪŸ
һܷʵҲǵõǵϿɡ
ʢ£һݡһЦͷӦ
֣Է˵Ҳһ
ԴһҲϸ̸˪ѩʱڵ
ˣɴ½ϵʮطۣȥ룬ܻӦҲӦˣûģ˵ԴҲȤ
һޣڷ֮½λʮط۸ˣԾܾԸλˮ



1746 ȳ
ѩ
ɴ½ʮλʮطۣһܿһ£˫ָŴģ˹ͬˣԼжУԱ˴˳֡
ʮطһԼǵҲǲˣָŴģԼģҲġ
ƻЩˣȻĴԼǣǵԴͬʥħĴƬǶԼԴģЧҲһ
һԼҲܷûΨֱ˵ڻҡ
֮⣬ҲԼܴеĽΣŻˣ뱣֮˵֮ãҲȥǵĺ֮ǡ
ɴ½ˣҲǳŵʮ˵֡
ãЭɣϣһ˳ԼĿꡣԪ۴һλվĿĹˣǿҲɢݳֱӡ
ʱңһ¹ȥɴ½Ҳǽȶˣ˽롣
ħ䣬׹ǺΪɴ½Ҫһѭ򽥽Ḷ́տʼʱ򣬱ȻǻޱȣŰգǳǿĴڣóȻڣȻ³
ȥ֮ǰһ£˴Ҫ׳ƣǴ¹شΣأֺγҪˣʿ
˵Ԫ۵ҲǱɭȻ
죿ȵ
ԪȻһЦⲻֳɵǳȥðգһȴĶϳɣô˵飬ڣҲʳɡ
⻰һʱ˶׹Ҫûеʮطۿ
˵û־ɳǣ⡣һλʮط
˷׷Ӧ
˭֪ȥγɵ֮̽ޱգʱп䣬һ䣬ûȥʮط۾ͻΪɴ½ǿߣϷ£ûԸ⿴
ΪܣǱ֮ƣǽҺ˪ѩۻһӣһӡԪۿ
һⱾɴ½飬֣룬Ӧ
ţԪۺ˪ѩ۶뷽ѡ֡
ûпֱӵ˷һ¶ֲȻ֮ɫȴҲûоܾ
ţֵˣһۺڣһڡ
ûһۺڣҲ˵ڳУܱѡǿߣ˳
ҲáԪۺ˪ѩûзԣǸżˣ뿪Ŀĵء
ͷˣҲͬʱǰĿꡣ
ǡ
ʰ쵵֣Աס˵ȥ·ڹ룬һǳ֡
ǷǵĿ꣬ϳǲʰ쵹ǶǵķֶΣ붾Ϊһ壬޷ɢҹҲǾ綾ޱȣʮط½룬̾ͻ䣬ʹʮطڣҲҪķѼⶾϮ
Ѿ֪λۺЦǽ
ҲǴˣ֪ܾ⣬ȻҴ⣬ʵãʱӳɴ½õѡ񡣡һЦ
Ҳһλڡ
һͽǰɣͷˣˣǲҪǿΪá˷ͷһۣ˵
УԷҲ̫ηǺ浽֮һʵȷҪǿ
ûһܷже㲻ŷ
ͬΪۺڣţԼȷȥαУҲǶӾҪúñһҲ÷ߣСɴ½Ķǿߡ
˵ͷ˷ǿͬУǲ֣ѹʷڽһе֮á
죬ͷһڣҲ֪֮ش󣬻ûлָǿнʶΣռȨ£Цԭء
·йԪۺ˪ѩ۳֣ȻϽ𷴶档һ̤ǲʰ쵵Ķ
һ룬ǻƵģҵܶʱӿһ⣬ݻһУӿĶ׷
һǴһͭУâתס˶Ϯ
̡
Ȼϻ⣬Χʰ쵵ĶȴԴԴϵȼһ㣬ɢʹ档
Ŀ⣬ڽһɨܿ˻һԵķϡ
һ̧ͷ



1747 ͨ

΢Цš
㣬㵽ʲô㣬Ȼʵ֮ϣɱףҪң롣ôһɫĸо
뷽һսԷη塣
ˣҶ㱾ûж⣬ҸոմЭ飬ô㶯֡ҡҡͷ˵ʵϣұҲûʲôԹֻһ֮ˡ
һ㶣¶˼֮ɫ
ϸĻͷȷʵ̸ϣʲôڡ
ҵ˷ǣҫӣ뷽ֵԭ򣬵ⲻʲô£ʵǿҷҲԼЩʲôУð˷Ӷ÷ŭҲǲܡ
ӷǴϢҲпĳɷ֡
˵ʵˣҲûʲô˵ģԪۡ˪ѩ۵ˣʵԶʤҲη岻
ȥ֣֮η巽Ը
ǣһҰڷ£治ÿ⣬ԭ򣬿»ĵһ㲻Ϊǳġ
ʮۣǾǺģǰ棬λʮطۡ
Ҫɴ½ĶǿߣҪҲλûֱҵ˷ǡ
ϷǿʵηͲǸոնЭ飬ͬһ
һ㴫ţйأֱҵ˷ǣû뵽
⻰һ΢΢˿ĵ׵һ㲻Ҳ֮ɢ
ΪǴţҵ˷ǣʵ
˵ͷ
ЦҲͨˣҪʲô죬ֺαضЭ飬Ըֽء
ȥ㲻ԷҲ̹Ȼ
˵ᵽ棿ŷ
棿ɫһ䣬֪ΪʲôҵԭΪ˻
ɴ½Ѿ̫꣬λʥӡҲʱŶʧɴ½ϣѾʥľһЩֱ仯ӦģҲᵽλ档
Ҷˣɴ½ϣ֪ڵûмˣΪһɴ½˽һ
˵˵ҲʲôܣҲţȷʵûʲô⡣
ûʥ𣿡΢΢ͷ
ʥͻħ䣬棬Ƭɢ䣬ڻƻγɴ½һֱȥ
ʱĥһУƻĹأȻɴ½ɢλʥͻħӡȴĳʧκκۼ
ô˵֪λã֪
Ҳ֪λãɴ½֮ǰֻһС䡣ҡͷȥʥɴ½֪һС
֪ģҲֻЩˣʵãҲûκν
ʥɴ½΢˵ʦֵϢʥɴ½λúҲͷŹ˷
ɴ½ǳңԶȴ˼˺̤г̡
̸䣬Ҳǽƽ˶ǣǵѹҲȻʶ棬Ȼӿι״飬˻ˡ
ЩйޣȫŤʹࡣ
ǶĶ顣ɫһ䣬¶ɻæͣ޶ʮطۣǱɱ飬ᱻ꣬ɶ飬ܵѣʱҲͶʶ棬ܾʹȻתΪ顣
Ķ鲻ʤЩʶ棬Ҳ׳󣬱ɶʮط۶һвĳ飬û뵽ôȻô೬顣
¶֮ɫ
֣ԼС˶߱˵ʵȷʵֻзڣǶ꾭Ӫϳȴǿ֮ҶԷԼĵֱ̣˿̲ȫչ¶˳
ѹߡɫѿ
ǷۺڣҲ빥ƶǣԷӪϳô״Ƶġ
Ҳǳ˾޴ѹЩҲͰˣؼǣЦҲɱ˳뱻ʹĶһ͹Žλڡ
ãλȴϱ᧿Σ
ߡ״ŭһڷǰһȴһûĶǱ̵
һŭһھ֮ϵѹȻϣͬʱһԼԼӰҲǳ
ǿ֮ĽӵҲǷ˾˵ı仯ӵҫۣӵǿ̥һ㡣
ͨ
ͨһž⵽ʲô
νͨǻƻ˶еĳţͨʥ磬Ψᣬܽʥƻʥĳ˵֮
ʹͨ󣬽ʵΧĶ׷׷ҽУŲȥͬ飬ռϷ硣
ڶԷϳ棬ҪսʤҲûôףҪѺܳʱ䡣
Ԫۺ˪ѩ۶ѾطߵͻȻɫһ䣬յԹԪ۵ѶϢ
·Ǿģ·λ۴죬Դݿ֮ƽ˶ֻ֣ﻹûнɫ΢΢Щѿ
ǣѷڽ︡ƽƽӳ
һ̣һ־޴̫ؼȻǿҶֻһеĹâأʶĶ飬޼᲻ݵĹâ£׷ѩʧµ˥Ϣɢݳ㡣
ҫ۹âȥǵλϣȻһһΪƽء


1748 
ԭأûзӦ
Լ۾
֮ǰĺܺãҪ¶չԼǿ÷Сɴ½ˣǷڣûԭΪǺ׵һ£ȴڶ¶ȫ̺󣬷һӲͷ
ʹʹͨҲڶʱڣ¶ǣϾǶԷӪϳ̷ͬСɡ
ǣôһеΪֵǿУȴڷһ֮£ҷ
ǶǣʶҲǱһɨգĶͶˣǳɢһλڣȴǰȻëû˵
ýοš
࣬ô𣿡ĵ׿ɬ
ͬΪۺڣʵȴȫһġ
ûȥˡһλҲӼлعѵ
Ҳ𾪣ۿһܷģԷǿ׼˽Ҳס
ŶŶáӦʰ飬ͷ
Ҳ֮Уֵ֣ʱ򣬷ûоȫһȥҲҷˡ
ƻЩʮطۣȱġ΢΢
һѶûôΪֻзڣǿ̲ˣʵԶǿĵˣͺ塣
ǻƻЩ˵ս÷˶ۡ
ս̫죬ûʲôʱͨۿ˵Ķ֣ܿһЩߡ
Щ࣬ƻ壬Ҳʥͻħ
ԴͱʣͲһ
ʮطۣ˵ϵĴƻˣʥĴƬ߸²ʿ֪ͬľ磬ƻʮطۣҪ硣
Ҳֲ֮ͨ
ǻƻУҲǿĳţֻҪͨͻƽ˴˼Ĳ࣬ܽͨ߾磬±磬ЩǿۣҲǲضá
ͨѣӣûɹҲֻнһЩɹ
ɴ½ͨĺõط
˵ɴ½Ѿûʥ죬ζţλʥӡɢʹƬҲʱĳˢҪͨǧѡ
ѹôһеģҪȥոγɵɴ½
ˣǵ뷨Ϊͨ
Ԫۺ˪ѩۣȥðյʸģˣͽͱȽǿˣķ۳ںͷڣмĿΪڻҡ
£޷˵ȥðΣգûԭġ
ƻ磬һƽͰĵط෴Σһıʣһ;ǿߣ·Ļȵȣ֮֡
ֲǰ磬ҪڲпĻƻͲֹǰ벻ǿ
ɴ½ܳһλۼޣܱ֤ȫˣϧԴλ֮û˴ﵽĸ߶ȣҪƻԱ۷ɲ
ҡҡͷʰ顣
˺ܿط˱ѩǣ˻ϡ
ȺˣԤϣ·⧲ûԪɫ˵һõϢҲشӽǺҲǾһǲù
Ⱥһλۺڣƻ쳣
Ȼûܳɹɱǽ֮شұǺʵҲ˶٣Ҳûϡ
ʱţҲûжൢ飬ȷɨ˺󻼣ǰĿĵء
һ޴۴ͣɴ½棬Ӵ뷽µһ
ۣƫڷרǺкСһԽ͵⿪ĽᣬҲη巽
ǺΣӰǺϵĲ٣ʱ򱻹˲ŻᷴӦ۵ķǵһλģֻҪܵһʱסϮ˷Ӧء
˵ͷ
ûôΣգЩ۵ôĶ֪Ǻ;˭Ҳ֪һ̻ʲôʱ̽񾭡
һ˵ۣȫոγɵɴ½ȥ

ŵǺһںڰ֮Уʱʱðϼ⣬ڰͻأð
ͻȻĿһ
ոγɵɴ½е˼ѹҲλˡ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ʥͻħ׹ǺǺ籩⣬Ҳɾ޴ı仯ӣ׷طͱʧЧˡ
£ıǰķ



1749 
~
ǺиʻŵۣͻȻǱһ޴ޱȵɽײУһͣţͺȻ鿪ͬʱʮӰ
Ƿɴ½Щʮطۡ
ǳۣ׵飬ȻΧǺȴǹž޲ûϮߵӰ
ߡ
˪ѩĿ䣬ΪģһѸɢȥ֮һжˣںڰǺһѩʱԭһǺУ˼ֻ͵Ĺޣֱܲӱ⵱мҲǱ¶
ɢȴǱܿ˷ˣɨʱͬûκӰ졣
ޡ⼸ֻޣϳϮǵģʲô顣
ǱӰ޻Ҫǿı飬ӰǿȺежģЩޣȴٻȺжģһǶǵʵҲǿޱȣҲзڵʵ
˪ѩ۱⼸ֻޣ޲Ƿۺڡ

ԪҲϻ⼸ֻҪӱѳʱһȭȭͷױȵ·һѹ
~
һʮᣬ⼸ֻޣȫû˿ֿأԪһȭǲ飬Ĳ
λ۷ǿһ֣̼䣬ɱ˼ֻʵǿİޡ
Σ˵Ŀⲻ˷иڰ׽֯ĹâĴһۣŵ˵ͷʾûбıǱԡ
״˲ŷ
ʵۣ֮ѰҵܼʹǺֻҪжⷽ棬Ǳ𽣽Ӱɲһ
һ·ϣʾ˼Σ˶˼ΣѣҲǽȨ
Ԫ۵ˣȻҲƵȴ޷ͷȡ
·;ңңʱ̿ʵۣ֮;Ҳ˼Ϯ˸ղţ֧Ųסױ顣
û뵽Ȼô౾飬Ұı飬ҲֻһжˡԪ۳֪һжΪոγɵɴ½Եʡ
ɴ½ԱҲģǺĻƵ顣
飬ֻͽǰҲĲԶˡ
˶û
ԽǰԽΣգʹû飬ҲҪΣգδܷӦĹ
һ籩ǰģдСħ׹ǺϳǺ籩ʱڲͣϢ籩࣬ȴûаǰǳϯصķ籩ֲ
˱ܿ˹ģķ籩Сģķ籩ֱӡ
ǿԪͻȻ
ѭȥֻǺޱ޼ʵĺڰ֮УͻȻһɫڱǰ·
ǡ˵һ
ħ׹䣬γɵɴ½Ԫ۳ǿޱȵǺγ˻סɴ½ҪҵĿˡ
ħͬСɡ
ԶԶģûп͸ӦԼڵĻܵ˴̼㣬ѹ
ħĴ̼֮ȫ
ȳ̶ȵĴ̼⣬ʱǽˣǰԵʱ򣬿»ѣѾ˷ƿأȴࡣ
ɴ½棬ڻҵʱڣδ翪ٵأ̫ң˵ΣԼˣУˣͨˡԪܵ
ȻǳɣҲ൱ڽĳ̶ȣʵޡ
˵˵ͷж޾ڴ
ɴ½ͨĺ£ȥҲֻħǧѷĴܰ쵽
~
һŭңңüСʮطҡҡ׹Ȼɫ䡣
ĿȥֻһһֻӴޱȵ鼲ɶοȥһֻȻȴǳʵĳ򣬷ŭҲߵ˻˻Ұް졣
ֻɶ·ϣһֻֻǺı׷ױ顣
ûκεͣЪֻ˻ʧ·ϲһصʬƬǺɡ
ߣ塣ɫ΢䣬ϳֻǻУһ֧ǿޱȵ۷塣
ǿѵǷۼޣԪ۵Ҳɫ䡣
ֻһ·ѹֱǿ޷ɴ½ܺɨһС
ҺķǲͬҸû⣬Сǡ
ǿ߻ᱻǿߣǻ壬飬һСģͻ֮ءͳ
ṳ̂Ѿ̵ľ



1750 
Ҳȥɡ
Ŀֻߴ˻Ҳסˡ
һĽӽ
ö౾飬ԽԽˣôôࡣһλʮطۿΧЩֲϢɫ𽥲Ұס
򣬾ܿΪٵıڸۼɼεħ䣬ǿı飬еһЩǺԱϣҲһЩֱεţʵҲǿСĲֵһᣬǿģ۷ҲҪͷۡ
Ⱥжı飬Ƕģۼڴˡ
Щ飬ǰϰ
˵ľ񶼽ţҲʱ̿ʵۣ֮ⱻ͵Ϯ
ǿɲֻǿޱȵߣһ·ѹɨȥ
Щ鱻ûһֻҿһ߾ţһϸ۲ܣҲܿע⵽һ쳣
˵治ôı飬ȻˣȻҪǽɴ½ڶεҿô¡
ԭʲôҲûȤڣЩ鲻ҿȴҲ뿪ޱͷۡ
ԶۼĿĵؾǰ棬ܾôֹ
ܲЩ飬Ȼٺòֻǣǲܵģһ·ĶϮ˵һС
~
˻˻~
˵Ĵ룬ƺǼŭεı飬ǽӽһЩŭţ׷׳ɱЩӵɱƾ˵˼㣬һ־Եеĸо
~
Ԫɫ䣬ŭһǰ濪·һ˫ȭͷϺױȵÿһȭһֻֻ鱻ɱ
ǰǿƿ·˿ǰ˪ѩĿ䣬һϳϳˢΧı飬Ľı鱻׷ױ⣬ԶҲٻֹӲ
˭֪ЩΧסֻ·һͷҲȫԸɱı顣
н֯źڰ׹âеĳʱʱնڰǺ̻ᷢҽУǺҪϮ˵ı鱻һնɱشһвżնҲΧǿϣֹǿ
εЩ飬ǿĲ۷弶ĶһЩ
ҿûоۼһ𣬼ϷʵǿڱΧ֮ʱǿͻΧһͬһӱȺкȻɱһѪ·ӲĴ˹ȥ
ȻΧѹһգԴԴɱıֻͣŭȴҿ
ȥѾ˱Ⱥǰ
ˣһλʮط۴Ϣţ˻ٶЩ
ȺȻݣǴ˵ѹ֮ȴǳģû˸֣ʱһ;ƿݵĸоҲֻзˣɫƽ
ľ޴ǽĺʱߡԪ۳һӰʱɡ
~
ڹԪ̤һ̣Ȼ˻棬ȼЩҵ㣬ֽȻͬʱ̽ţײͬʱԪ۵ϢҲѸ˥
һϾȷϣԪȼŵģΪԴ
̾˿ЩҲЩᡣ
ǻƻ壬岻ͬӱ˵ʵǺЩһµģǵ壬ǵǵһУӡţʥ߻ħ
ʵԪȫԼֿʴҲǣûκ塣
˪ѩͳ˵š
ҪĿģͨʵͻƵۼޣɴ½ûκϣȻУǾ͸ıɣȼǵıԴǵĹȥѰͻơ
ɴ½ûͨϣˡ
ոħǿޱȣȴͨѡ񣬵ȻڱʵĲͬǱȷյûħڣȼյһУԼӦħͨ
˪ѩ۵˵˵ĿҲᶨ
ץסλᣬ޷һλۼޣôɴ½ӭ𣬲
Ѿ˾
һһʮطۣ˻
ѹЩ鲻ҿ˼ǸӵĴ⣬ʥͻħеĻԷȼա
£Ҳǲ˻һ̣ڵĻʱΧĻѣȴοţûһ˿һй¶



1751
ڵңɲǵܱˡ
ƽһЩڵĻʧأͲ
ŻΧĻĻ֮գҲǼٳɳģһγԽ֮ǻƻ磬磬ҲõĻᱻѹų⡣
Ļ֮պ߲֮˵Ӧ硣
ʮطۣڶᵮ֮֮ɳҲգ֮ɳ£ϣȻһٳɾʥ
ʥ֮·
ˣ˻֮գӦŻ磬ĵԴԻҲǷĹؼ
Ƿۺڵʵƿػһѳ̶ȣʧأ˵˻֮գƿӵɣԶʵʾ硣
Ҳ̤ۺں󣬲žѵ
ۺڣ֮ĳɳ÷ܸӦи򣬻֮յĳɳȴƿػ
òŵȵɾʥҾʹЩڴ
ΪߵĵرҲǴڸյȴΪãȴС
տʼǳСʱ򣬷ʹһЩǲǻֻ˵ĳΣ˷ʹãȴҲҪðΣգȵǿҲͣʹòˡ
Ҫȵɾʥƿء
ǳ⣬λħʹãɱ󣬾ͳ˵ԵΪ֮½Եɺڣ֣һδεʵ̥ǣҵҲڻıţƿ
ûˣȷʺƿˡ
ڻ磬磬ҹе̫ҫۣңҲᱻ籾ܵѹĥΪˣŻữԡ
ǰӳʹֻЩҲʵһ㡣
Ļ׾ɱı֮ߣ޷ġ
ʱǿ󣬻֮պ֮ƣŻ᳹׵չֳ
ۺڣ˵һɱ䰡
΢΢ҡͷջ˼ܣɴ½ʮطۣѾ˻Ҳ˹Ԫ۵ĺ󳾣ȼ
Ҳ˶ˡ
˪ѩۺͽȴûУϹĵǿϮ࿹⡣
ⲻǲҪʱʱ򣬾ɵȼɢȥµδɣҪΣգûκˡ
ǲܣϣڷϡ
Ԫۺ˪ѩǿλǾڽǺͨģԥҪҪͷһʱ
ԪǣҲûͣԵȼǼǰȥ
룬ȼյҲ淢ľңϢ˥
ڣͣټǰѡһس׼ܡ
ô󣬽ˣǲģֻҪСһЩȴܱ֤ȫ
~
һλʮطͻȻҽϵȻ㣬˶˾޴Ļתۼ䣬ͱճ˷ɻҡ
ʧˡ˪ѩ̾˿
һĻеɧҲе¶־֮ɫ
ûзյģһþǳ䣬˵֮ǰһλʥʱҪյģȴǻħˡ
ֻǣǶҲ˾
һĬĬţ޷֡
һһʮطʧܣȼնҲгɹģתԴ
~
ǿӹԪϱΧγһնţΧĻͷӵǷӿ˹ԪڣģɢݣϢҲѸ
תɹˡ˪ѩ¶ϲ֮ɫԪ۵ǿӦģתҲԽѣǰ棬Ѿ˳ɹԥĽڣʣµˣʧ
Ƭ̺󣬹Ԫ۾ʱ˵ĸоѾȻͬɢݡ
лԪۿ˵仰Ҳʵ⡣
˪ѩۿУ˽⵽ʱ򣬷ʼû뿪ػԡ
Ҫ֪ȫûҪˣµЭ飬ǲ๥ȴûҪ󣬷뱣ǡ
ΣղתԴš
תĹؼʱ̣ǿд룬Σɻƾһ˪ѩδصֵסһǰȫࡣ
ûǰɴ½ڹԪۿһʧϾԽ룬Ҳһ֡
ǿ˵ͷûж˵ʲôȴͬʱ֮ҲѸٳɳţǹԪΪ˷ѡ



1752 
Ҳ˪ѩ۾ĺ⻺ɢݡ
Ԫ֮˪ѩҲɹתʧܵ⣬ɴ½ȫɹ
ãûʲô˹šңҲǳɹ
ıȽ硣Ԫ۵˵ͷɴ½ĽϽǲܾĸϣΣˡ
ƻ磬Ǳ£ȻռһЩɴ½ͱȴûñȵģɴ½ʥɴ½ĵطʵ٣˾ģռݵɴ½ֻɴ½һ
Ŀ죬Ǹڽļ١
ǿߣҲͲõȵڣͽ˻̤ոγɵɴ½ȥˣǵȵûôΣ˲ˣ˵ռһʱô˳תܣ˻ࡣ
ڻҵʱ򣬻ͨ˪ѩ۵
ǵģͨ
Ǵʱתħȡԭָԭ磬ȴζţͨ
Ҫͨǲܵģɴ½ӦƬͨħԪҲ
ͨϷţѶ֮󣬿֪
ĻĻħҲֻˣҪͨ롣
ס
֪ˡ
˷׷׵ͷǵȻһ㡣
ûҲ
һ˵Żȥ
սʱֻоѹ֣ȴǻص˼硣һλʮط˷ܵ
ıԴΧĻҲʴǡ
ԭҪʹʴȴȫûֱҪܷӳȫʵռƣܵų⡣
棬Ψһ⣬ҲǷˡ
Ҫ⣬ȻųˣǣڵǣҲǿо磬ʵԪ۳
һһʧ
ʧȥԭǻط淨ʱˣ˹Ԫ۲Ż˵ʵ½ˡ
ȻҲòȥ
ħųһУĽ˵ʵʹǻҲ⣬ڣųĴС̶Ȳͬˡ
~
ͻȻӷϱһĿֲѹͬǸ߸ϵД˼䡣
һ̣·ֹͣת
Ԫ۵ˣȫ¶˿־֮ɫǸоѹǰԼ궼ڲţˣԶԶ֮ϵĴڡ
磬֮ɢĹâҫ
ѹһżգ
Ԫ۸оԼͷЩᣬֲֿĸо¡
һֱΪԼȷʹͷҲܵѹƣҲǿȥڣȴôΪˣֲֿоĵĲ
ոһЩͻơ΢Цûн͡
Ԫ۵Ҳ׷ʣǺͷĹϵûѯܵʱֻǷޱǿ
˷ܡ
ڸոգͻƣȻʹûȴҲ÷ų⣬ıʣڴ˵֮ϣ÷ܷӳȫʵǱģ˷ʵ
ڷ뿪һȰӰǴĵط
ʲôʲôӰţһͺ
ҵ궼ڲҵѪڷڲָоָоԶԶ˴ħ񣬿־塢ڴ
Ӱڷ֮󣬽˻ڷͻƵʱ򣬾벻ԶĸӦˣǹɿֲѹ
Ϊʲôֲֿѹϣǻе飬ϣһϴϢǸ߲磬ѵǣ˵е磬壿Ӱ²š
֪ĴڣҲ֪Ļȴδй
ΣѹǻģɱӰ˾޷ܣԴѪһֱֻҪԼмĿܣɾħ
ʵû
ҵʵӦ൱ķ۷壬һۺڣ˲ͿɱС࣬ӵ
ӰǳţǰֲѹʱҲǿ־岻Ѫڲţǣڷʹ֮ǰͽ֮նɱ
ҵģҵġӰޱȵĳȣŷѸٿ



1753 ֻ
쵽ɴ½ˡ
ԪһܸӦΧķֲĸӦ棬ɴ½ޱȵۺͻңΣգȴˡ
һᣬǡ׼䣬ͱϡ
СġͻȻеĺڰ׹â֯ţ󣬷һֱʵ֮ۡ
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪ʲôΣգǺ
Ԫ۶ʱȻԷŷ
һСǹȻ֣ΧĻУһ˿гôӦҲгԴҲ֪Էںδ
óĻ壿Ԫɫһ䡣
أӰޡ޵ǺϵıֱܻʧЧǿҲܵų⣬ôóصģ˵ĲгоҲֻôһ㣬Ψл
û뵽һСС壬ҲܲҵĴڡһ˻Ƶ·˷
˴󾪣æĹˣȴûзֶԷڣǿֻҲҡҡͷ
ʵ֮۱ͲܵģԷǼǿ󣬷ܲԷĿڶԷǰȴҲֲ˾λá
裬ʱ׼ų֣ͻȻǰ׵ĳһȰӰ
~ԥģˣǿĽ⳯ŹӰȥ
Ȼ𾪵ǣԷûеֿǽڹӰϣȴǴ˻Ӱϣ谭Ĵ˹ȥɢΧĻȴû˵ǹӰֺ
ӰЦţȫ˽Ȼǰˣŷ
ȥԪŭһȭȻȻɢڹӰϣȴû˿ĸо˪ѩĿ䣬ҲֱӴ˹ȥ
˷׷׳֣ȻǵĹڹӰϣȴûжЧ
ޡϳ˹Ӱ֪ƻϻ壬֮ǰҲ˳׼߻ޣһϳ
ǻУһ֧쳣塣
޵ԣʵ֮䡣
˲ǣʵϣֱӻᱻ֮ࡣ
Ȼ淨Уܹǵģᱻ̫࣬ǹԪ۵ˣոܣԭ淨ʹòޱǷ۷ʵǵĹȫ΢棬ûκεв
Ҹ߿ˣ¶˷֮ɫԪ۵˵棬֣ǰĽûκαҪ
Ⱥһɱ˷ǰԶеĿϲû뵽Ȼôס
һצȥɡ
ùɣС壬䡭޷˷ޱȵĵͺ
ǺǡһЦڰ׽֯ĹâȻ
С
Ԫ۵ʾĻû˵꣬ȻסֻԭѾû˷ӰǷҲһʧˡ
ҪצǰСɱȴͻȻ֣Χĳһ任
ǻɽˮΧɽ͵ͷ
ˡ
޵ԣʹǻþҲѽȥߴҲ֣ⲻʲôþ׼˵ǰһУʵġ
ӭҵֻ硣ǰ
ڸղţٳֻ磬Ȼ˽
ֻ߾磬ֻܽأʵȻ֮ͬУһʵĴڣܵѹƺų⣬ûǵȾ磬Ҫǿ˽ĻԷ˲ͻᱻųȥعʵ磬޵ԣȴдһᡣ
Ƿ硣
Ҳȫе飬Ҳʵ磬Ǿ޵ԣˣɱģܵѹƺ
á޴󾪣Լʵ󽵣ۺڵĲΡ
ɡڽһն
ʵһ棬ֻܿͻᱻųȥ˷ûԥ
䡣
ۺڵޣֵܵһҲ޷߷Ĺ
һȥֱӻҷ
ʵ硣
ˡ
⻰һ˶סˣһֻ۷弶Ļ壬ȫ˷ֺôһգ۵Ĺ򣬱ˣ
ȻоţɷȻĳ֣ȴʧˣǲʵô޷ţҲòܡ



1754 ȴ
ǿѹͷ𺳣˼ǰ
һԪ۵ڣԴжǳģһ۷弶Ļ壬תۼǺεʵԪۺ˪ѩ۵ޱңɴ½Ӧǵ롣
Ŀһɨüͷ΢壬˵̬仯Ҳǿɲʲô¡
ôޣÿζˡһ䡣
Ҳʵ
۷弶ĴڣǺεǿ鸮ʱռնɱͣñƣŻ׵ıǱĻ壬ӭһս
Ԫ۵һ࣬˵ĻǵȻΪ߷硣
Ҳûٶ˵ʲôҪΣյĻתͻߣ˵Ҳǹˡ
⣬ûϱΣգ˴˻ֻһֵĴ½ǰ
ɴ½
ǰһǴеĿĵء
ոγûõĴ½ţԵޱȻһްɴ½Ͽգǻ֮У߿ҫޱȵǳţɹâ
Ŀȥƺǿİأ
ƬĿһ
ɴ½Ϸ߿ҫǳʣǻħɢĴƬݻɣϣ籡֯Ŵ˵صĹʱţһоȶ߿ǳҲɴ½ٲ֡
Ԫ۵˼ޱȣҪͨͱ빵ͨħɢĴƬ漳ȡغ
Խ߿ҫǳˣǰΧ룬棬ֵľ޴ӰԿ塣
ħʬǡ
ʥͻħ׹ǺʬҲ룬鸮һħʬǣôġ
۾ҲƬĿꡣ
ֻҪһħʬǣڳɾʥ֮ǰõģʲôƿȫû֮˳ɳȻҪɾʥĻʹħʬȫ֣ҲԶ
ʥͻħ֪Լʲô˭ҲϣΪţǰֲãԱʬٶɴ½ڽƻһֱ̣ںϣ˻ᣬħȴһӦòѰ˼š
ʥͻħõǵʬǷֺ
ˣЩλ۷ĴڣҲģĻֻһܸӦǻħʬΧǱһЩǿĴڣǣȴûһ˵Ƕڵȣȴʵʱ
ߡ
Ԫ۵˷̳ͣ߿ҫǳȥ£Ǻ档
ȻǷһᣬҫǳкԶһξʱӻУһ˫Сɽ۾ֳĮĿ˹Ԫ۵һۡ
һۣǱ̲סĲ
棬Ǿ档
ֻҪٿһЩԷͻ֣ǴĨȥ̫ˣԪ۵˺ɣԼסԷһȫʢʱڣ֧һֻᱻ޷ɱ
ۼޡš
ҪˣԪɫףҲҿ
Ǳڻеǿڣ˴˼ɵţôɹ·һ
˻æͣɴ½ϣٿ
ͬҫǳĹâַΧȻЧȲҫǳΧȴҲͨˡ
ϡͷ
ЩǸķۼޣ޲ǽŴƬͻħʬǣûж֣ȴζţ˿
Ψǿߣпʸ񣬶ʱ˿̣ǿߵı׼ʾǷۼޡ
ҪȴᡣƽȥЩۼޣȡ֮Ҳȫ޻ᣬֻҪץסһ߻֣гɹĿܡ
֮ǰҪģ׼׳Լ
ÿʱỵ֮̈նѸٳɳţڵĻѸţڷܿƣ̫Ͳ˵ˣֱʧأҪǣй¶Щע⡣
ˣŻ˻ᣬҲԸ⡣
Ԫ۵˲ҵץʱǲֻ̫࣬ϣͨɹľ£ͨȫһǧһ̶˷Ѳá
˴Ƭħʬ⣬Яŵر֮Ҳ׹룬ɢɴ½ǷǹԪǣû˷ʱȥѰңЩͽķۼ޶Ѿѹιһ飬ˡ



1755 
⣬һңңһ˿ȡ
Ĳ
ϣһϼ⣬̺޼᲻ݵΧӿıһһɱʹЩ۷弶ı飬ϼĽɱ£֧Ų˶þͻҷ
ڣЩ麦ˣɱ˵糱ˮȥӵʵԶҲð
΢΢һЦһ΢С£Ӵ˻һ·ͨ裬ܿ죬ɴ½
ϾͿˣɴ½Ϸ߿ҫޱȵǳҲˣӴħʬǣеĳȶʱǿҵ˼㡣
ƬħʬǣӴЦţһ̤ɴ½죬߿ҫǳץȥ
һ޼ɵľٶ̼ŭ͵ǿڡ
ߡ
һŭ𣬴ӻֳһֻϳʵĳǷǰߡ
ֳԳϹâתһ޴ʹӺȻ£ʹΧһʥϢֳӽţ£ѹ
â
¶֮ɫҵϳһϼ⣬ڻһִųľ޴飬âƣͬٳ
еĳȻӳնʹ
~
ɢݣضھһζţʹͳֽ黥ƴһǣȫʧһν֣Ȼƽɫľ档
֣塣߲ٳ֣ӵʵѾõԼǱŵǿڵϿɡ
磬ӳ
ԴƬ֣ȵħʬ׹֮ʱٸƾף˵
ܸӦǱŵǿڣڵȴĻش
ҲǹͬĬϵ׼˭Υ̾ͻΪдڵĵˣһ߾ѾöԸˣ˵ڣ˵ͷһ漴ӰҲ˻ĬĬȴŻĵ
ߵĽ棬ֻǳһȴȻĹԪ۵ˡ
ͨʱͣ£˵Ҳ»ᱻš
һλķۼޡԪ۳Ŀ˫Ľ֣ǿҵ𺳺;ηϣŵͨ
ЩǿǰͨһʱֵĸоҲûа취
ƬħʬǣԪǲֻϣǰͨһľ硣
Ҳˣ֪㡭ͻȻʶʲôԪĿȥȴȵķ֣֪ʲôʱ뿪ˣӰ
ô£Ԫ۾ɲ
ǣҪͨȫ뿪ʵϣڿЩۼ޺󣬹Ԫ۾ιջ񲻻ɹͨ뿪ˣһãͻЩǿߵսನ֮С
ǻͨȴܣĪǲֶ飬ȥɴ½ðգѰһˣǱЩۼѹιһ飬ʲô
˵ΪԪضס

Ԫ۵ˣʮһƽԭһ׹ֳӰ
ˡкâ
ֵʱ򣬷˳Էʹõ淨׷ɱԼԺü磬ȷϵģ졢Ʈ񾳵ȿ϶ڵġ
ɱķ۷ͣûϳһ֣ȷɣˡ
ۼޣǺôӡЦ
ǺεǿĴڡ
Ҫ֪ʮط۵ļС磬һ޵з۱Ƚ⣬һ˵ֻܳƵ޵зۡ
һ֣Ǵ޵֣ڷһг𣬹޵֮
һ֣ǳԽʮط۵ľ磬ȴûʥ֮䣬ҲƵ޵С
һ֣϶Խʮطһ磬Ϊۣ˴ĳ˵ۼޣе۷ڣ֮
ǷۺڣƻǰǷڣһۼ޳׷ɱֹţСá
ɽ׷ɱҵˣӦòЩ˽Ѿ֪ҵ飬ұ֣Բڳ֡Ѱ˼š
ǲǣշðԷ۷廹һս֮ۼޣĺ޷ˣ֮󣬷תߣҪϾ˵Ĺ˲Զݡ
Ԫ۵ڵĵطչ̫ˣɲԸðա



1756 
Ӧòǳġ
Կ϶һ㣬ɴ½صΪԼûҪֱӳŴƬħʬȥʹԷۼ˵ҲĪһոγɵɴ½Ȼˡ
ӦҲûзҡķӦǳ죬ϳ̾뿪ԭأԪ۵ˣҲûвȥ
ɴ½Ƭħʬѹһ׷طʧЧȷʥ죬Ӱ
Σ¡
һĵ˱Ҳû̫ϡ
ϾҪڶʳʧҲͰˣɹĻͻЩۼ޵ĵ⣬ڶһҲǲܽܡ
οԷԸҲ̫ٺãҲҪá
²ΪͻȻһԱȫΪǰᡣ
Ȱɡ
ڵĻţò˶ãܶһЩˡ
ʱ򣬷ŻҪҪ֡

ĬĬȴ֮ʱͻȻӰӻֳһ̣ǿɴ½ɨ˶һ̧ͷ
壬ʲôߵͳһЩ档
һЩ˽£ģƻǵԼ΢ЦţĿתͶɴ½
λһС
½
׷ɱһˣз磬һλڵ壬ṩϸ鱨ŴģȻ͡
ʵǳˣһķܱȣӰ񣬵Ȼ仯ˣδػôһĿ֡
˵ţִһϼ⣬ֳӰɴ½Ϸ˶Ŀ
ɫʱޱѿ
ɱӻУһЦ˼
ʼ磬ȴǸû⣬ĿɨһȦž˻ȥųԷͣΪǰӦλãﲻ̫ңԶһĿԻ
ȻҲûʲôϣ˳Ϊ֮ʵ̫Сˣ
ɴ½ϣۼŲ飬лƻı࣬ҲǿߣҲл壬Ǳħе뿪ˣҲеҪûϣֵһҲԪ۵˰㣬ץסǧѷĺûᣬͨ
ʱĻǶʱһɧ
Ƿۼޣŵͣ˵ޱܲĶ

˭Ƿ
˭ˣ
ûܱ򾲣ڹԪ۵ĵطǹƽ
һϾ뵽һˡ
Ԫۣ˪ѩۣǿû˻˼ȥ༸˵Ŀⲻλ۷塣
ͬͬյ˶ǣңʶķҲģ˵ǷۺڣǷڡԪҡҡͷ
ɴ½Ǽ棬õȻǱĿ
ֻ㣬ҲǽȣȻûʹãʥԱϵĳȡһݣȴҲȥԼʵĿԪ۵˸ûвס
ǣҲˣǷ仯ˣǿδؾıĿھ磬˵ͻҲ˵ҲǿĲ񻰣ͨ˵пһλʮطԥ
˵ˣǲǣжԪ۳
ͻȻ֮󣬷Ϣȥ
ֻǣûжǲʣԪôԷ壬ڻʱ򣬷û뿪ùԪ۷ǳ顣
ʲô飬ߣʱ򣬸ûΣգûһͻȻ
Ǻͷȫֻϣ죬̸ʲô֡
ңǱˣΪʲôҪð鼤ɴ½ҪһλۼõĻᣬ⼸λۼڣǽͨ߾ĿܷǳͣûмʱȥĻмĿ
ֻҪ˵ʵ飬ܵõͣģֻҪͨ߾磬Ϊۼ޼ɣһ˵˷Ǳ˷Ҳʲôصĺֺǣ
Ķˡ
УԷź⣬Ȼڶ⣬ƻ뷽ĶԹΪ̫ǿ󣬲òлᣬϷŹ
ò˵黹Ƿǳ˵ģǹԪۺ˪ѩۡ
Ҫ˵ɴ½ЩˣϣΪۼ޵ģʾеһ˶Զ
һΪۼޣǺεջ󣬹Ԫ¶֮ɫȻգ̾˿ҡҡͷһߣ˪ѩûκαʾ˶ͬ
⼸Ϊհҡͷԥ
޴
ŭЦſһۣͻȻվˡ
ŷһ̴ӻдϡ



1757 
ҡ
Ԫ۲ȻŭȻվ˴ɣڷ˵֮ǰһȭ
ʵԶڷ֮ϣҲߣʱָԶʤһκŭ֣ǿ˲ѹȵ˷ǰ
û뵽ԪɶˣҪǿкɱɫȻɫ䣬оϢ
ȻڹԪһȭڷ֮ǰӻһϼ⣬ڡ
~
ݺԪһȭϼϣûкֺ
ȫʢʱڣˣڵĹԪۣȴֻĿŷ΢ЦϼУţӰҲֳ
λۼһûκλᡣ
£ɨ۹Ԫ۵ˣɫҰףջĿ⣬ŷ
˫ĳͻǹԪ۵Ϊڵɣ΢²⡣
ˡһ񣬵֪һˣҪҵˡ
˵кâһ
ҲͬзңָŴõǼͬ磬ǷۺڣģҲʹṩӰͬҵæڷһ˵˳
ָŴģõıȻҲǷûȡԭ
˵Խϸ۾Խ
ȻҲҿ϶ǴҪҵˣֻҪһɣ
ΪʲôĶԪۺ˪ѩ۳棬ΪҲûаա
ҪҵĿ꣬Ϊǵ˷˫ĳԹûлĿܣȻڰԣôģжԾͻԶʱٷ֮ŭҲֻйԪۺ˪ѩۣŲ巽ı
ֻҪһ˳ͷָϳɹĻºҲٲ˺ô
֪˶Ը⣬û취ҲֻԼͷеˣޱȵϣˣʱ򣬸꾡ޱȡ
úúáϲѾ߰˷ֵİգ϶ǾǷ
ϲ֮࣬Ҳе𺳡
ۺڣʵȷ۷塭治Ψһۡޱȡ
ûмҲǴ˴Ϣ֪ĴڣҲ˽˷ĳɳ
Խ˽ⷽоԽ𾪣ô벻ô̵ʱֽһΪ˷ۺڣֱǷ˼
˲֪Ĺ˶ԷǷۺڣûʲôоҲֻˣ֪жô졣
ѹأ˴ȥ׷ɱΪţСãû뵽ӣ
̴ǰȥ̵
һ㵣û뵽ȻӷӣȻҲ˲ˣžǿϲԽӣԽ˵ҪҵĿꡣ
˷ģҲǰһ𡣡æ
һͣĿͶ·ɴ½
֮ǰҲɨӹɴ½ǽۻûϸ£뿴αװǳ˵Ρ
ھͲһˡ
ɴ½ϣ屾٣ĸָټϷۺڵľ磬Ŀɨ̾˷
˳Ŀ⣬Ҳ˷
̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡ЦһϾͿ˷ĿϾȡ˵ݡ
ɡĿ䣬͵̽ϼ⽻֯һֻ޴ƣŷȻ䡣
ʹȷ۷壬һ£ҲҪˡ

ˡ
͵ʱ򣬷ʶԼ¶ڼ
ɴ½ЩˣĽϾ˫ϣҲǲġ
ֻҪ֪ôһڣȻ̽ɴɱҲŹ
ӣ
ôʱ䣬ӵȥҲִжע⡣
Ϊ֮ƣֻƴһ
ѸٵһԼϵı֮
ֻ̨ûãǵʹܴƻ磬Ҳʣ޼ȫסһλۼޡ
ڻƻ磬ҲǷǳϡﻹǻħ֮أǱ£ܵĴۣޱȵĳء
û취ֻһУƴˡкâƴ˼
Ҳʱ淢˷ϼ⽻֯ɵľƣЮŻصƺȻ¡
Ҫһɡ
ûκԥֱӷſˣԻѹƣʱһɿֲѹеĻ鶼һĿⲻ˹
ϼƱɿֲѹһ壬ʱͣ£һȴûзϡ
ѹȻֲɶԷۼ޵˵㲻ʲôǻ飬ҲûиӦʲôǣ˾ͲһˣЩһһĴӻֳĿޱȵĳȡ
Ȼûӻһ˶־Ѹѹ



1758 ħ
оɻص˶ǺȻɫ䡣
ħ񡣡
лֱӲҽг
Ѹѵħ񣬶ڸոλħ
ħɣ־档
ΪʲôЩۼ޵͵ˣȴûһ˵ȡħʬǺʹƬǲ뾪ħʬвдħ־
ǲ˿ʵ΢ûʸ⣬ԭ򣬾ǲ
˵֮ʬأع̣Ҫ£ꡢǧ֮ã˵ЩǿҸ־ʥͻħˣȻ䣬Ҳǳ棬־
߻磬־ƾôڣ
Ȼǻƻ磬ʥͻħ󣬻϶׹˵أǵĹأƻĹԶĥЩʥͻħ־
Ҳһ顣
ʱʥͻħƻ磬׹Ǻʱ־ǿҵģʹǻƻعҲ˶ãʱţƻĹ򻺻ʥͻħ־һ̶Ⱥʥͻħ־ͻɴ½
󣬾ֻʣʥ졣
ĥȥһ죬ʥħҲջʧʥͻħ־Ҳɴ½
ɴ½ʹڵһ׶Σħ־ڱƻĹĥţȴûеɴ½ĵز
ߵȲҲ˽ӽ̼дħ־
ǣΪȴǴƽ⡣
ڵĻԻеж󣬷һ꣬һ̤磬˻ħĿ⣬ɼ֮ǿ
ħȻ䣬־ȻѭűܣڷſԻѹƺ̱ˡ
~
ֲ׵ӻһֻ鲼Žɫۼ׵̽
ֻɫϣǴĿĵ˺ۣɼǣһ֪֮ǰħսܵƣôһֻ˺۵ƣһ̽ȴرɫ˿ޱߵĻ
УӿĿ־塣
û뵽ıʣЩڻУȴʱķۼޣӦ
ɫ̽˳ŷλңңץȥ
һ޴ԴǰһʮĻ壬Ϊħֻһž޴׵Դ죬ȻȴǻеĶ塣
ֻħҲڳǰéģۼ޵ʵ
ǰԪ۵ҪƬȴһ˫Сɽ۾裬ǰֺ˫۾ֻħУǿɼһߡ
Ǵʱɫ̽ǰĿħȴûκηأֱӱײһѪȫʬ
ۼΣħǰȻϣʹħ
~
˶ŲˣߵȣĿţʵǲĿħôĻҷð޲ӳ
ǽɫƳֺ󣬻أǾǵ˲ӣжٻһʱӶݵˡ
~
Ҳ𣬺ԥѹ˻ǹɶлʱʧ
ħ־ȴûоʹ˳ȥ
ɫȻץһ죬ײϼϡ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ħ־ѣɫƴӻץһ˲֮䣬֣ɫƳץֱӾײûκģϼֱ
Ȼ˿ħϼƵѾѹ˻ʧȥĿĽɫһͣħ־չ鲻ǻŵħûôһ֮󣬽ɫƺȻ£͵ر
~
ֲޱȵɨأһ£ɴ½ֱӱ飬ѳ顣
ħʬǻûгɴ½ʱɴ½Զûôι̣ħһ֧飬ޱ޼ʵĻ籩ϯЮŴ½Ƭķһʱ䣬ҵ˼㣬ĩա
ʧԭأ֪
~
һʵŭ𣬴ӻûõҪĶħ־ŭˣŭ𣬱ܵתƵ谭ϡ
ħϼƣ߶ǳԷۼ޵ǿڣȻħǰǲֵһᣬȴҲӣϾħʵԶȫʢʱڣ߲һʵϣȴ˲Сã谭˽ɫƣĥ
õˡ
ħȴţɫһɴ½Ȼתץڵλá
ͣȫףΪʲôı仯ҲⲻˣֱɫƳץŻһ飬Ҫܣȴһˣ岻ķײ˽ɫơ
ôܡԺһͷ漴ĺڰ



1759 
û谭ɫƷֺȻһᣬѾع
ǿħ߾ħ̫ȫûжܵĻᣬֻӲħǰȴ۵ֱӻҷȴ˻ء
ڽɫƳץʱǰһϼ⡣
ϼ⣬Ȼͬһ֣һھ֮ϵĿֲѹɢݿͬД٣ţͻһֻ޴ޣͷϳǣ̤߲
ͷͷһͣȻײ˽ɫơ
Ϊ֮𵴣û˻ɣһײ֮ʹһ½ǰ棬Ҳᱻײķ飬ʹ񷣬Ҳᱻͱһ
ı֮ķ
첻ԨԴ磬ڵʱ䲢㳤λʥ⣬Ҳֻôһλۼޣ˶ӣԶܱȣڻƻĵطǷۼޣҲǾ԰ȫģϣЯű֮
нȡһݣ֮Բ˵ȴҲصĺ֢
ʥ֮ʮطܼԦģֲᣬʹ˵˼ȫ˫н
򲻵ѣԲᶯõģڣãȴ
ϧ֮ɫȴûԥ
~
޺ݺײ˽ɫϣشײֲ˫ײһ˲䱬
ΧĻֱӱɢѳĴ½ƬûɽԶͱ÷顣
ֲĳɨأ֪ܲನɨ˲仯Ѫۼŵڶ౾ǵ˴ùʥײನݵɱ˲֪顣
ײ£ǿģҲֻԱ
ɫƣһײҲħ־һαˣӦģҲþΪϼɢڿ
ɱ~
캰ɱħʬд˶Ӧһǿ޿ĴѸѣԭ˯ŵħʬҲǻվҪѣһȫڳ飬ûһѡ
ʱؼȻεħʬϡ
ļ£ħʬվٶԽԽħ־ŭţҪѿѵѿȻš
գĶȫͣͣħ־Ҳǳȥ
Щǻƻعľ֣ǻƻ磬ʥͻħĹŵʥͻħڣǿĴڣ󶼻
ħ־ҪȻع
ڻƻĲ£ħ־ͱĥһ̶ȣ˷ıǻعⷵգĵ
£ħʬǻ³߿ҫޱȵǳҲܵǣ㣬·׹ȥ
·Ǻ֮Уһµɴ½Լٶɡ
ħʬǣոɵɴ½ϣҪУɴ½һ֡
ʱħ־׳ţħʬҲҪɴ½ٲǼ᲻ɴݣκεķ
͵ȴʱڶǿߣץסһʱ׷׳֡
ۼ޵ǿڣûôֻҪǵùģħֱӴУΣգˣħŰɫƺ޺ݺײʱٶӶݣˣû֮ǡ
~
߾޴ͷ­̽ҧסħʬǣͬʱһ˫ϼơƵצѪɫࡢһĹԼӰľ֣ȫץħʬϡ
ۼޣڻƻҲ쳣ģħ䣬⸽лԵķۼҲֻλһħʣµĽλ
ҿ~
λۼ뷢ӲĴħʬϰһ飬Ȼħʬǳɴ½ҲѰҲ
λۼҲʧ̽Ŀת˽׹ĴƬ
׹ĴƬͬǳ䣬쵽˼£׹ͬʱ޾Ĺâɴ½֯һѸΪһ塣
~
һſҫǳ׹䣬ǰĿֱɴ½û˻ᣬλۼޣԥץ˺š
Ӱֳɫ԰׵˼㣬ȻһٵҲǸ˲صĴۣץ˵ǳȻһĹĿҲ
˫˭Ըãϼɫݺײ˼Σգ˷ֱץ˵ǳһ֡
ɫ淢ĲҰףҵһ֣̻Ϊϼ⣬ѸԶݣͷҲص뿪
ɴ½⣬ڰǺУӰȻ֣ɫҲǲ԰ޱȡ
Ŀߵķ򣬷ûԥΪ׹⣬׷ȥ



1760 ׷ɱ
ɴ½
ħʬǺʹƬ׵ĳУţ½Ҳ𽥷˱仯һּ᲻ɴݵĸоҲƻ
ˣһۡӴɴ½Ϸֳ
λۼҲһ̬죬岻ͬȴȫԻе壬ĿħڣλۼޣҲֻһ硣
ҲǺܳ£Ͼޱ޼ʣʤһôȣڻƻУҲҪԶǿߡ
ߵĻλҲǷ׷׵ͷ
˵һȷʵֻһݣǶûϵô˵ı仯
ħգɱ䣬ã䵱ˣ뵽Ĳ׵ĿħǶݣǳҡ
λ壬ûжֵ˼
ǸջȻջдСȴҲǸƾȡģңǸϴˣҲԸƴһ
֪ǸûУϵ״ʲôȻôңħ־ΧƵĻ
Ӧˣʵܲħһҡҡͷ
ǶЩźǿǱˡ
ϾħŰ£ǿǶֻǿԱ˵ʵԶǵķˣǴĪܣӦŷɢҲҲӦ
Ӧ÷ǳأϧҡҡͷԶٷȥתʧ
λ壬Ҳ뿪
Ƕܿˣȴûȥ׷ɱ˭Ҳ֪ܲóɱﵣǿɲħûּ´
ߵȶԻ磬Ȼ֪Ĵڣȴ֪֮١
ûаգҲͲԸðգϾεջѾСˣԸٽ֦
ȵеķۼ뿪ӰŴɴ½ϣǹԪۺ˪ѩۡ
ʱ˵״̬ҵ˼㣬˺ۣһ֪Ƽء
ֻˡԪ̾Ϣ
˪ѩ۵ҲЩȻ
ɴ½ʮطۣһ£Ҳ˴⣬ȫħŰ¡
޺ͽɫƺݺײʱ򣬱أΧһ鶼˽ȥ
Ԫ۵ټϣħͬһԴ˲Žһӹһ٣ȫˡ
Ȼ׼µͷвȻܵԼС
Ŀֲײ£ʵ̫Сˡ
ץʱɣȻڲõʱˣȴҲܼͨԪ۳
˪ѩ۵˵ͷ
ħŸճɴ½ĻȻΪʺͨʱţıѶȾͻܷ˳Ľͨ߾磬̤ۼޣҲֻܿԼ컯ˡ

׷ûΣǿ׹ݺǺʮۣɣ϶Ѿˡ
޹ؽҪ
˸ߵ׷ɱҲΪˣѹ
Щۼ޵Ļ壬û׷ܺá˿
ۼ޵Ļ壬ߣٶֻڷ֮ϣҲ׷ǲΪ׷ɱĴüա
ңǶû׷
ӦΪħˡȻ׵ضҲΪħµô档
Ҳֶξ򷨲ֻ֣̤磬ٻֻ̨
ֻ̨ƻҲʣ࣬ħһֱԡ
ҿǿħһҲܻ
һ̵ľգҲ¡
һ㣬ˣǿħһʹֶξҲһ١ڱֺ󣬷֪Լû·Ҳͬھľ򣬼ʹҲҪˮ
û뵽Ȼˣȴ
㲻Ŀ⣬ǰϼ⣬˺ٶȴ󽵣Ҳ˦
ƣȷҪصĶࡣ
ɫƺͶ޵ײǰֱѪˣٺǿѹƣħʬǺʹƬϼˣޱȵĳء
Ŀ䣬ɱڡ
Ƿ
һ㣬ɴ½ʱ̹ԣΪ׷ɱ˵׷ٷطֻΪħԵʣطʧЧûҵ
һָһλۼ޵׷ɱûˣץסǧѷʱ
㲡Ҫ



1761 
ڰǺϼ׹⣬һһݺᴩ
ǿ˿־ϢѸţǺеıŲߣҿ
ųģЩħʬǵϢƾһ㣬ڶ౾ԶܣǺҪͻǿߣȴûôףֻҪɢЩ飬ܹܴ󲿷ֵķա
׷ȴûͣЪҲ˦Ѳˡ
ⳡ׷һ֮ãһ׷һӼ䣬ѾԶԶ뿪ɴ½
׷ǷָһЩ״̬ܵˣȴԶûô׻ָҪ˦ˣٵ˵ĴҲա
~
ǰϼȻһ٣ͶԶһ޴ʯţӰֳĿŷ
ûԥ׹ƿգҲǿʯϡ
ôĵӣ㾹һֱ׷ңǲˡ
Ϊһֱûлͷ㣿ЦΪ˦ˣͽˡĿ䡣
÷ۼޣȻһո̤ۺڵˣ׷ɱһ֮ãκβˡ
ŭ˼㡣
Ϊʲôвʹˣֻ۷ʵҲһܶԸ˵ġ
֮ûͣǵģб׷ɱߣԲûͣߵȷۼû׷Ǳķ۷弶Ļ壬ڵ˵Ҳͷ󻼡
б飬ҲδȫᱻħʬǵϢˣϾҷų̫࣬򣬾鷳ֻǿĵˡ
ڵ״̬δܷ֣ŵĵˣˣһֱͣ
һµ׷ҲǿԿ϶˷⣬ûб׷ɱߣĵͬʱҲǱŭ֮
װ׷ɱһ£ֱ޷ݣҲ¶˾ģɵ
ˣɱ㣬Ҳ񡣡Į
ɡ
ϵƣӵԽûָԽѣҲԸȥһӺϼϷɳһ޽ɢ콣ŷȻն䡣
һն£Ͳ⡣
ƻǰǷڣʹ漣ͻƵ˷ۺڣʲôã淨綼ûϣǸռӣֿ·Էɴ½ı֣ûκ˵˳ҲûϣֻΪɴ½ʮط̫С
ĳʵѹͿ𣬻ƻڵЩ塣
âڽУطתʩչ֮նµ޽
~
˽µľ޴ʯֱӱ÷飬ȥϼ޽ȴҲһ顣
һûնɱһ
ۡ̾һ䣬һϼ⻯Ϊ޽¡
~
йҲǲϺˣֻеѪڣѹµҲǴ
ǿȻ
Ƿۼޣǿĳ󣬼ʹˣҲһķ۷ܱȵģңǽޣÿһϼ⻯ɵľ޽̺޼᲻ݵĽ÷ӵ쳣
ȫʢʱڣһ̣ȻҲˣȻԶûôأȴҲӰʵ
~
һֹǷҲᴭţû뵽ȻѲˡ
ȷʵڵʵȻʤ࣬ÿһ䣬ǴķʮǱмޱ࣬ռ˾ԵϷ硣
ǣôҲǰܶ˶У״̬Щ
ãٴȥҾѹˡɫѿ
ޱȣһûκָĻᣬֻǿѹȥһƱʵٶȽͣ۷ʵûУʱͻøա
ΣķĻƻ硣
ɶûˣСһ𡣡б˼㣬ȴҲûκεİ취
ϼ⻯ɵ޽͵նˣ𣬳Զȥ

²ģȻûд
ޱأûгսֻҪܿٻɱԼͲòߡ
ˣ͵˻ˣԼƼΪۣƻָ
£ôϾô֧Ųס
Ȼ֮ͻ֮նɢŹâָŷơ
磬ĻָٶȾʤǣǻƻ磬һ֮յķָٶȷ
׷~
ԥ׷ȥ
׷ȻŭȻָһתͷɱƬֻ̺εĶߡ
һ׷һӣʱʱͣ£սһȴ˭Ҳκβ˭
˻˵Ĳ𽥷ãģҲڳŷбһʼһ浹İ˻ѹҲԽԽ



1762 ;ĩ·
ɱ~
Ǻ֮Уɱ죬һ޴ͣԭأ飬봦ŴĿĵľ޴㽫ײء
ʱ۵ķѾƣ˶˳Χıսһš
ǵĶ֣˫ĺǣж磬ʵǿ
ǻƻıǣȺжǵʵǿ󣬿µǵΧ飬԰ټƣȻǷ۳ڵʵӴȴҲǼв
ϵ˵вҵսѾһһҹ䣬ǵȴûмް㣬˾Ҳκϣ
Ϊʲôôǡ
Ҫҡ
ۼ÷߼ƣ˶ǲĵ˼㣬ͻȻԶһϼ⣬һ׹Ȼ
ţǰǵϼȻ׹ںȺ룬ϼµ˲䣬ֲ̳˷йĺӦضûУͷ׷׻Ѫ
ϼͣ٣һʧ
ûãһ׹Ȼ׹룬ͬ˺ȺУֲɨΧĺȺɱ
˶סˡ
ǡʲôϵˣĿɿڴ
û뵽ʱ̣ı仯һϼ׹⣬һһ䣬ûƬͣѸȥȻɲǵĹɱ˴ĺȺֱӸıս֡
񣬺ˡ
̲ס˿ĭ²ţâǶûпֻϡжϣƺӰ
Σϵ˺ܿ췴ӦźȺشĻɱ˳ȥɹɱΧӳ죬ºϵ޲ǳϼ׹ʧķм֡

һϼ׹⣬Ȼ׷еķ
һ˻˵׷սվãΪֹѾһ֮ãǷ֪Լǵ˺δ
һʼʱ˻עΧ·ߣԱܲҪΣգǵĺǷǽƣҲעģײȺоϵˣһ׷ɱУܳƬΰˡ
ʱǺ籩Уʱһͷײ˱ϳʱҲᱻǿޱȵ׷ɱ
üΣҲѳ
㵽ͬھ𣿡źεǰϼд
ڣε˼㣬ģҪѲô˦Ѳ
һ׷ɱƣ˼㣬Ѿ;ĩ·ĵز˵ǻָˣڷǿѹ£ƶѹƲסˣȻûе䵽ۺڵĲΣǣɣô׷ɱȥĻһᵽңò˶á
˵ʱˣڣҲޱȡ
ҲǵãѹƲסû̫ǿı߻壬ֻҪһ۷弶ǿߣǱ
ɱ㣬Ѱ׹д
㲻Ҫҡŭϼ͵ػתײ˷һֺѪƵٴԶݡ
쵰ҲôأΪʲôôܳš쳣ı
Ѿеڣ׷ɱˡ
Ҳ벻׵ɣ֪֮׷ɱңǵһָ֣ҶŴģڻƻԲ֣Σڵ
ڶޱʹ֣δһ۷Ķ֣ͬھһ
׷ɱҲǱƵ˼ޡ
ԣҲЩĶ
˵ûڶѾƣ׷ȥǵƶ᳹ױʱǺоͻޱȵΣգɱȴͬھ
Ҫħʬǡ룬
ΡŭħʬƴģƼأĻ䵽׷ɱ
׷ɱѾһˣȻҪħʬǣôӦ
ǾͼɡĮ
̸ʧܣٲ˵ţܼ֧ȥڣʵڱƴ˭ƻȳױ˭֧Ųס
ֹһ¡
ܸоϵѾʱ᳹ױıԵⲻǼ򵥵ѹƲסǻ˽ǣвĴ󱬷
ѵ˵ôһ񡣡вʣԤϵƻָĺɼȥҲòȥ
Ծ֮ʱͻȻڵĻ͵һţһůȻӿ˷ڣ֮ůģٱ̱סˣѸٱúת
ǡôãʹһЩˣ
һϷӦ˹



1763 
ůģ˵һ׷ɱ۵ƣˣůѸٻ⣬ԭҡҡ׹ٱƶʱ˺ת
һɨƣơ
ţӻӿůתȫ֮һжڱá
ɴ½ʱ򣬾ѾˣʹûļȻҵԵʣ̱ϣȴҲ벻Զˣһ׷ɱΧû֮ճɳţȻԶɴ½֮ʱҲߵһ
ǻָġ
ţůȥȴԼʧˣǿָůֻת޷⣬˵ˡ
ͷԤеĻżĳ룬ϾȡУʹĳģʱħʹ֮ʱصĳµ˼㣬һɱ˵ױȵĹġ
ǻָĿǰʹõֻˣΪǿҪҳɳߵľ硣ܿ׹
ڵĻǲһģڵŸոʹһЩ
ָӦħƾʲôǱ硣
һʼЩɻ󣬲ϸϾˡ
ɱһ֦Ļħ񲢲նǺϵ磬ȻܵѹƺʱԽͱԽ
ֻҪĽڣ£磬Ϳɼһߡ
ħľˣҲͬ³ʱ䳤̡
ĿģΪ͵֦ǣԴ֮ܣħ񣬲һ֪Դ֮صλãңǺϵԴ֮ģնĳڡ
ħȻҸߵ£ֻСĶһѰԴ֮أһߵȴŻǱ룬£ͣʱԲ̡
ûлֶָΣħΪ˵ǱԴ֮أһ֦ʱųҲǿҵģȻ˲ᡣ
ôһ룬ĻָҲ˵ͨˡ
òͬھˡ۾ڵȫпܣ׷ɱȥ
ĻָԶԶģǵǾƶڻ
ûнһ仯ֳȻװһƣģ׷󣬶вš
ƻָţʵҲ𽥻ظڵȣȴһõĶʱ
ôܣôܡ
ɣȴԽԽѣҲ˱ٱıԵǣһֱ֮ǿȫ
ôȰ˵ᣬҲǾ
Ҹƴˡ
Ȼͷ۾һƬѪ죬Ƿ;Ƶ˼޵ڲκϣܻ𣬻Ϊ޼᲻ݵĿֲ˻˾޴Ļ򣬺Ȼײ˷
ȼռƴһƳ׵ıȴһ㶼ںˣһײ֮Ȼﵽ˷۷ĲΡ
Ҳ˫Ŀͨ죬ĿŷţԷڵ״̬һ
Ȼȴһ㶼ңֻ磬˫֣طת֮ʩչնĻ
~
ֲűǺй
һˣȴʮִݣûǰ䡣
㡭ƾȻָˡͣо֮ɫţΪȻ
Ӯˣۡ
һ̾Ϣ۾ܻ潫ɣһۼޣʹ䡣
ա
ǷۼޣǻԵɺˣûκλᡣ
˻ҲѣһۼƴȻǿ֮˥̶ȣܱ۷һҲҿ½лָƣûб¶ɹһʱգʱѾָ˴ƣܵƴһ
ҲûˣȻϡ
ڽˡһ׷ɱսţѹҲǼ󣬲ͱ
ħʬǺʹƬٲǡ
һ죬ħʬǺʹƬ
һɣɴ½£˸һ䣬ɴ½ЩΣҲܲô࣬ڵԶɴ½
ҪģŪ˺δš
һ·׷ɱ;Ҳ壬˶ûйͣѯʣڵ׵Ҳǲö֪



1764 ֮
뿪֮ǰ˸طָƣ˻ûȫãӲһҲҪһʱĻָܳ׵Ļָȫʢ״̬
ΣķĻƻ磬Ҫġ
ҪǸսȴ˷۷ǿ飬Ǿּˡ
ħʬǡ
ŴǶħʬǣ÷˿һħʬǽа˸£ħӴ˵ֻǺСһ֣̺ŵĻȴǳԶԶĽʬǡ
ڵĻͷŻѣʹû֮ҲǷٳɳš
ۼ֮ǰǲٳˣħʬ̺֧ͻƵۼޡɸпš
Ƿۺڣۼ޻С磬һħʬǣͻƣɼǿ֮
ʥͻħʮطȻֻһ󾳽磬ȻȴȻ˱ʵĲͬεɱ䣬ԶԶǰκһΡ
Ȼ֮ĳɳҲҪϡҡҡͷ
ͻƾûôףʹ֮ճɳĹˣҲȴ֮ɳ̶ͬȣܽһΣ֮ĳɳԶȻ֮ռѡ
񣬷ħʬʼȫָơ
Ļָǿĳ󣬲һʱ䣬ƾָ۷״̬
Ȼ֮ǿҲ⺧˵Ļָˡ
֮ǰΪԼڻָŽ࣬ҲûûĻָӵ£ûһǣȫָȴ𾪡
ڻԶûлָ۷壬ĻָҲԶûеޣ۷״̬ʥƶܷɿָ
ҪָʥƣͷȻһġ
ҲףΪʲôǻħǱˣ֣ʵʱά۷壬ں
Է˵ĻָҲǾ֮ʹսУܷӳĪãĳսͱ˻ˣҲǸڻ£ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳ˷ʵ
ҿԸоĻָȥһ̣ҵƺģͬһʱ̱䣬൱ǲ֪ƣ룬Զ۷״̬Ҳ˲ָǵڣ֮
֮
Ī쵽˼㡣
ڻڶ棬¶ޱģֻĵλߣ͡Ժ󲻵򲻵ѣҾԲܱ¶ֺо衣
Ի˽Խ룬ҲԽߣ÷ӲҴ⡣
Ҳҿ޷⣬ĻͱȽˣ÷ĲС
뿪ˡһԭʧ

ҪŪںδȻһ׵飬ڻƻ磬ľǱ飬Ҫͱ齻ǼΪѵģɴ½ۼأǼٵġ
ɴ½鸮ûҵ֮صļ
˻˵׷ɱҵˣϾֻǼ󲿷˺ûжԹʵ̫ˣǻǳĶ࡭
ܷͻ˳Ҫ˴˵ʵ
Ȼ÷ʧǣһ·Ѱȥ˵ǻˣ鶼
üͷͻȻ뵽׷ɱˣȷʵǿı飬һҪ˵ȫΪãȴֲô˵Ĺȥ
ѵ˵һ²⣬ӿٶȣպ󣬷ȻһֻڰǺ֮Уһ޴ĵ
Ǻƺǳأδĸ򣬶Ŀ
̵ģһ۵ӣ㣬ɢ͵ĹԣĿǰ·ʲôϣһâ貣ָǰķ
ʥʥɴ½Ľһ̾ͱ˳
ʥɴ½Ǻеʥ񣬸ɴ½ı־ֻҪʥ񣬾˵ʥɴ½Χ
û뵽֪Ȼʥɴ½ҲǾ̾
ûʲôòģΪʥɴ½һ̵Ŀġ
Ȼй죬Ҳ޷¡
׷ɱһ࣬ʱ˶ȫٷУһ׷֪Ծ˶
ңʥҲζţ͵ʥɴ½ǵΧ
Ҫʥɴ½·;Ҫߡ



1765
һʧԭأʥڵλ÷ȥ
νĿɽǰҲһģһǺ֮еʥĿȻҪĵȴмĵ·Ҫߣ˵ʥ壬һָŷĵǺʧ
ŵǽʵϣȴҪ㡣΢΢ҡͷǰһʱĿǺһʻϡ
ʥɴ½Χͻϡ٣ڶ࣬ˣ۵ĻᣬԶǺطҪĶ࣬ʻķ򣬺ȻǺͷһҲȥʥɴ½
£ԭػȥ֮У۷ȥ
ϣȻûʲôǿߣֲ˷ܿ죬ɵۣһȦĳ۵ס
Ҿ㡣һȫ׵Ļӭ쵽ʥɴ½ˣϣ⡣
İɣܴ磬ǿֱʥɴ½ۣ˭ǡһԵ벻Ц
Сʹ괬ǰҲû۱ͱϮȫûܴȻЦ
̫ԶˣͱŸҶ֣ʥɴ½ΧһӣҲġ
һ̸߽ţһԶ
ǵĿ⾯裬ʱʱɨΧЩĻҲˣȻǲȴûһ˲쳣
治֪ʥɴ½ôһģǰ;ѲⰡʵڴȥˣҲˡ
һ䷿ڣ
Ǿʥʥɴ½ı־øߴ󰡡ſڴڣԶʥо֮ɫ
һ䷿˵̸Ҳ˵ס
ۣǴʥɴ½ɳģĻʥɴ½ˡ
ǵĿģǰһɴ½оԮ
ɴ½ɴ½ЩƣҸӵĽӽĩ·˵ͨ޷ˣʮط۵ǿߣԽԽԵĶӱ仯ʹԽԽ档
һ죬ɴ½ڻƻ糹׵ʧ
ڴ˵ˣȻԸɴ½һ𣬼ǿϡ٣ԽԽԵĹǣʥɴ½ԮǨ
ϣʥɴ½⣬
ʥɴ½˵ǻƻǿţʥɴ½ϡ
⿴Ǻʥǿ֮ʵ
ʥɴ½ϣǿڶ࣬ۼҲΪ٣˱ʿ⣬Ҳв٣ǿߡЩȻ
׷ɱˣҲΪֻͺǡ
Ļʥɴ½ϣ϶
ãܱܿǡЩͷۣһǿǲ£ķۼޣͺ޷ˡ
ȥʥɴ½ĿģΪ˴ڻϢ˳㿴ûټ
ȻҲѡȥʥɴ½
ڷɽľ콾Ƿۼޣʵ֮ǿԶԶܱȵģʹ޵зۣҲ˶Զȥǻ棬ӦҲʲôΣգȫصġ
ȨƬ̣ҡҡͷ
Ȼǰȥһˣôģңʥɴ½ϣʹ׷ɱˣʵҲǿȥ
ƻôûԤϵʥɴ½Щ׷ɱǿߣͽǺѰˣʥɴ½ϵˣֻʵ΢ҽǺðյģԷûʲôв
ȥʥɴ½ûǻһݡ¡
Ȼʥɴ½ϣбʿҲǿߣǣ֮ĹϵԶԶƲϺεǰȻᱻԴӡųز١
ңһݰɡĿɨΧһڰ׽̺֯ת۴ɨ
ϵһͣԼͬͣеĶţָֻƺǵֻûгֹһ㡣
˳״ֳ̬
ӭ˼ѲߵĻǹһȻ˿ȥ
ټ䡣¶Цݣոֻ⣬Ĩڵļ䣬ֻصԽԽֻɨᱻӦ޸ģһЩٵһЩ
ϵˣȻ޷ֻ⡣
ʱȻǳΪϵһԱݣҲ֮ı䡣



1766 
ţˣ޲ǹûãһǰ
ƿ߽ȥ˿վ
ˡ
֡
˵˵ͷֱߵ׵λ
ҲΪ죬ǵӡУһֱôһ顣
һθıݣȻõıҲΪԷһҪԴĵͱˣõģң֮ͬͬ߶ǣҲû׼ʥɴ½ϴãҲûбҪ֡
ڹʮˣһ⣬ȫɴ½ðݣҲһ
ðʥɴ½ݣıϵˣûʲô壬ϾҪȥʥɴ½ģǿڶֻ࣬ӰҲԲð䣬ֻѡٻɴ½ˡ
֣ȵʥɴ½ϣ֪ǰ;Σʱ򣬻뷽ܶģʵԶʤң֧֣ЩҲܹĺһЩһߴżֹ˵
ˣ޲ǽڴĿ
Īʣһλ۳ڣҲɴ½ΨһʮطۣǿҲǾطʡ
ټɴ½ȻֻһλʮطۣСģɼɴ½˥䡣
Ŀ⣬ɨǵڴе
Щ˵ļһʿǴӱĵطģͬʱ˳Ҳɴ½һΣչֳ˾˵ʵĪʵ˵Լ£ֻ鵭Į˽Ӵ˶˽⣬ҲǺܶࡣ
һΣͬĪʵˣһǰʥɴ½
ϣǷԼ趨ݡ
ֻز㣬ֻҲԶûйĪĳ̶ȣҪ޸ļ䣬Ȼѡ׵ģڵ裬ҪĪʵ˵ļУһλʮطۣѶ̫ˣҪǼȫ޸ģǳ˷ޡ
ȡɣ趨һλߣͬʱҲ鵭Į˽Ӵ٣˱¶ļʡ
޸ĵģǽڵļ䣬һھӡ̵ļ£ˡ
ңԼ޸Ҳõģʱţʧ
ڳˣչҲ̫ĪʶʮطۣԶӰȥ
ĿģҲΪǿ˱޸ĵļ䣬Īеһֱֻ֣Чͻۿۣ෴ʱĳ֣ǿ䣬뱾нӰ죬°빦á
ĿɨˣȻڵʲô
ʥɴ½ǶһȻҪͬ۹á
ĪʵԶʱϲ˷ĳŵǷĲС
˵ûдȷʵʿʥɴ½ȴô
ֵʵҲǷۺڣǵӻùܶࡣĪʼû˻Ϊʥɴ½ʲôҪʵ˵ģһ㣬ڻƻǡ
֪УǵļУøӵ̡
΢΢ͷۿĿĴﵽҲûж˵ʲôչһʱ䡣
ϣЩʥɴ½ˣ׽ǶԷĪʵˣûʲôӡ΢һ¶棬Ҳ˳˳ıʵˡ
һڣ
ڷԭˣ˳ȥļ棬һֱס棬⡣
˲٣ҽƻ磬ǶΣ⣬ҲΪ˽Լʵţջʧ
ƻ󣬾ͻƣΪ˷ۺڣʵҲ˲СĽǣڷ⻹ԶԶ
ΪӦ׷ɱҲΪڻƻݺᣬҪǿ
Ȼƻǳʺҵʥ֮·ҲûκƿҪڶʱڣҲίʵǲʵҡҡͷ
תۺڣ淨㡣
ת֮ǰתǸѶʵ̫ˣǵ˷ۼޣһİաµΣգȻ
תΪ֮ǰһؿתѶ֮󣬿֪
淨˵ˣѶ̫Ȼ㣬ȴҲǺǰڵĲ֣һţ򣬾ͻͽĿܡ
Ǿͻƣʥɴ½ӦʥĴƬ棬ܹĦĻһİ
֮⣬л
ȻָֻѾǼƣһЩ΢
Ƚ϶ԣǶʱʵ;
ÿһ淨ǰϵ淨нڡ
ЩֻǶżĺ֢𼰸漰ŻΪɣǵ;ĩ·򲻻ΪѡǰҲǴûпǹϾʥ֮Իǰ;޴¡
Ļָȴܽһֺ֢÷ʵĻ



1767 ն

Ժ淨ݿٻһ飬طֻء֮ţʮŵĽʽ
ҲģҪ󼫸ߣҲ뽫淨Լۺڵľ磬ܿʼӴ
ڣȻʸ
淨ǵĽжʮ֮࡭˶Ľһۻҵĸоܿ侲ѡʺԼĽ
ɻ󣬲У֢̫ˣ˼˸ƾҲԻָ
֣Ľһʹͬھá
⣬Ѷ̫󡣡

һŽѡȥҲű׼֢̫ģҪͬھĽȻҪųڵҪȥЩ
Ѷ̫󣬶ʱûгɹϣɲóģҲų
ҪģܾɹγսĽ
һѡ󣬷ҲѡһźʵĽǿѶֲ̫ߣ֢ҲǻĻָܽķ롣
ն
֮мصһŽ淨У֮ģ֮淨ſȡ
ҪŽҪĽеֱ֮׶Ρ
ܱ֮˥֮÷նҪҲнڽܽһܣӵ¡
ʼɡ
û˷ʱ䣬Ͻ󲿷־ͶŽϡ
պ
һǿ׵Ϣӷڵķл͸Ҫ˺񷣬ȻϢŸո͸ȻɢǴûгֹ
~͵һѪɫ԰ֽ
ڸղţնûɹ֮ʩչбǿķ÷˲ˣس̶ȣҲͱħʬʱҪһЩ
Ҫ̲סЦ
Ÿտʼɾأ֪ԽһֲҲԽɵҲԽء
ҪһŽʵ̫ˡ΢΢ҡͷѶȲö˵
淨ǱʸӴҪɽȻײȥûǧٴεĳԣš
ÿһγʧܣܵҵķɣˣȻָƺ󣬲ܼУɾҪΪʱ䣬У׾˵
֮ѣɼһߡ
ҲֻЩ죬ֻʵﵽޡ޿ɽϹԼһЩʿŻȥ˽ˣҲͬµġǰĶ֣Ҫôʵ㣬ûʸҪôǣûĵز
ûսôˣƴܰ쵽ġ
ջ񣬷Żһůڵţ֮ԼٶȻָš
ȵƾֿʼµĳԣʧܷɣָơ
Ҫһδεĳԣܽţųܣٻָŷơ
ʱţնգҲԽԽ룬֮죬κĿɿڴš
֪ȥ˶á
һգ͵ضסҲǴоѹ
ţʥɴ½ˣһϷӦ
߳⣬ֻĪ˶֣˿ЩһֱչҴķУҲᴫһЩǵľϢȻתʧǻþȴҲĪʵ˵ġ
λʥɴ½Ѿˣ۲ڣһ𣬽½һ׵˹˵
ӣʥɴ½ɳеλߵġ
ͳˡĪæ
ͳ쵭ͷŷʾ£ת뿪ˡ
ʮطۣʵԶĪǿʥɴ½Ὣ˷ҲֻзһЩ
ϵĻ׷׷ɳǰĴ½ȥ
Ҳ߰ɡĪʵ
һҲǸͳ뿪ۣĿһɨܻŵģǧ
Īʵڵɴ½Ǳٻ滹ˣѾǳˣϱ֣ճŵʥɴ½ԮģҲֻôЩˡ
йž޲Щ£ûȥȻҲʲôҵĸܡ
뿪ۣȽ۽ģǾ޴ʥ



1768 ܸ
˵Ŀ⣬ʥ
ʥ񣬼ʹ֮ԶܿǺ֮ޱȵۣȵ˽ǰԽܸܵĺΰ׳ۣεѹأ̲סη
ʥɴ½λʥ·ӵʹԣ½
۾΢УĳЩʹԸʥɴ½ûκǣ𵽵ãǾ䣬ĿǷ
һ㸲Ǵ½ʹԣһּ᲻ɴݵĸоʱػŴ½
ע⿴šǰ·ͳͻȻַһâײʹԣתײһȻͳ췢Ĺâȴײһ¼Ӳޱȵǽϣ˲ҷ𣬶ʹȴ˿һ˿ûв
ػ½ʥԡͳżԺ˵
˭ҲϢǱʥɴ½ʥҫ£һжΣǿдĻȻ⵽ʥԵѹͷʹǷۼҲȥ硣
ﲻԭɴ½סҪҴ⵽ɱ֮
ʥɴ½ˣ޲ɡ
ԺҪĵطĪʵ˶˵ʥɴ½ȴǵһε
ʥִ½ۼҲԴ룬Եɴ½֪Ҫȫٱ
ʥԣ˲ҪҴͳˣ·һǡ
ʥִ½룬Ҳȫмطܽʥɴ½ǰĴǾ֮һҲͣĸۿڡ
ܸۣǵ֡
һͳ˵Ĵ£ܸۡ
ЩߣҪܸ۴һʱ䣬ܻ׼½ڲźȥ
Щ⣬ĪʵȥڵĴ󲿷˼ϣնҪģһ·ڷĲϳ£Ѿ˼Ľ
ţ
ͻȻĿ⳯Զһۣüͷ΢壬žջߡ

ܸĴǣȻ̳ܣʱۿڲԶһ¥ڣһĪŵͻȻ۾оǺȻ֮ɫ
ˣˡ૵æ߽Աߵһ䷿ڡ
ģʲô¡㿴ʲôŵԭЩ죬ǿĵӵ飬Ҳɱ
ҿˡĳ
˭
ۣһּΪص˵Ҳ֪۹ۿʲôңڸղţҿ˷ͬһȺܸۡ
ӵɫ̱ޱ࣬͵վȥ顣
Ƭ̺ӻص˸¥
û˽ֻܸۣһȺһٻɴ½ıʿӶԿҡҡͷûĻӦαװ˱ʿ˽
ȷûп̵
ӵ˵ͷûлɣ˱ܸۣȻģۣǾĿǡ
ʵãǺķ̫󣬶һΪۣǾʥɴ½ӳʥɴ½ǻƻǿһĿܻأҲַܷټ
ˣ󡣡
Ǹô죿ƾˣĶ֡üûģȥԸһڷɽ۵ˡ
ԭʥɴ½ϻһЩˣ඼ûܽҲȥ˲٣ֻҲǴüͷ
ʥɴ½һѡ񣬿ǲ˶ã̫޴ˡ
ƻô󣬿Զصĵطܶ࣬ǵؽģǵǵģ֮أδؾһʥɴ½ԽԽ٣ֻˡ
һһǰ뿪ģϳϣҵǣŷҪ˻룬Ҳ˾
ãʥɴ½ǳȫط뿪Ҳǵ˵ͷ
һ˲ҵ飬뿪ܸۡ

ŵĸо
ܸ۵ǿߣˣ
˼ڽܸ۵ʱ˱ŵĸоľ˭Ͳö֪ˡ
ܸ۵ˣҲпǱǿߡ
ܸλҪŻĴǣǿģұȻзۼ޼ǿߣһⷢ⡣
ߣܸߵע⣬ҲǺѰ顣


1769
ǸߣûиһĶҲûзϡ
ܶԷ˭׼ˮڣǡ
֮ѡʥɴ½˴ڻϢ⣬һĿģѰһȫĳնˡ
ܵɣˣûаȫϵĵطѰ·
ĻָǿҲҪһʱ䡣

ŷĪʵסͳ˳
ˡڣͳ챻쵽һϷӹ
ӣܸ۵ĳܸ۵תմȨͬʱҲǴ˵ǿߡ
Σӷе񣬿ͳһۡ
ȥʱѾЩˣֻǧ˸ǻͳص
Ӳÿɷ񣺡Щûֵùעģ
ɴ½ǿߵ㣬Ҫ˵ΨһֵùעģӦþһзˣǷۺڡͳ̵
ۺڡˣϾһٻɴ½Ҳָ̫ࡣҡҡͷˣȥɣ񽻸
ͳ칧һ˳ȥ
˻ᣬˡ
һӰƮվǰ
ոǵЩˣûĻȥǽзˣԸԸӵ
ǡ

ǺһӣСĳ֡
뿪ʥɴ½̫ԶϾʵ㣬óȻǺĻֻ·һҪϵˣҲҪ뿪ʥɴ½Χ
ˣսսϸ۲ܡ
Ȼʥɴ½Χ˵㹻ȫģʱҲл鴳롣
ããûеùҡңܣһӴ󷱸ƻֳ
һˣµƣãܴһϢϵ˴ˡ
Ҫڻƻϵ˴ˣ쳣ѵһ¡
ЩˣѾԶʥɴ½֪͸ˡ
ʥɴ½תƣӽһ仰ظ飬Ȼ֮
~
͵غһѼĹ𣬻ΪεĲƣԶݿȥ
ǵˡӳ
Ҫάơ
ЩҪӵݵϢȻϻҲҪһʱ䣬Զʮܰ쵽ġ

ʱţת۾͹ȥ˰ꡣ
ţ
ؼ䣬ͻȻ˼ɱͣס˳
ѩˡ
һ߳̾ͷ֣֪ʲôʱͻȻ˴ѩزǺ֣ȻЩѩ֮Уȴо˱ɱ֮
ѩƮ䣬ȴ֮ֱ˷ݡľǶڰ㣬ɴ˹ȥЩѩڵϣҲûжѻֱӳ˴أʧ
ԴԴϵѩƮĳɻ˻ɣǲǲ˻þ
ɫ΢һЩѩҲϣžͻΪһɺڣʱӿҪ֮
ǡɫһ䣬֣ѹһС
ЩѩԴûԥųһЩħʬǵϢԼ֮У̵ѹ£Ϣûб¶㡣
ԽԽѩϣΪҲŷз
~
һŭͻȻԶһæȥֻһڹ¶һֻ˫Գǿ
塣Ŀ΢˫Գ飬Ȼһλ塣
¶֮Ҳ룬ߡ
¾ĲҪǱʥɴ½Ȼˣ𣿡һĮ𣬽ţһλӳڿУסȥ·
˫ԳĻŭ
һЦѹѹ˫ԳĻϣú߶ãв¶־֮ɫţͺȻ鿪ΪһƬѪ
Ŀɨܣʧ
ۼޡԷʵ˿֮£ǻҲз۷ʵǰȴûжٷء
ӦܸǿߡʶԷۼһǿߣʹʥɴ½ҲӦǲġ
ǻ壬ƺǱܸۣһֱûб֣ȴⳡѩΡ˼ҲԼ׹ΪʲôЩߣҪһʱ䣬ܽʥɴ½ڲ
ⳡѩһֱһһҹͣЪ



1770 
һһҹ
Īʵˣ׷׾ۼڷΧ
ȣǸͲ֪ܸۻôһѩ֪Ȼл˽αװ塣
˫ԳĻ⣬ܸĵطҲǵսֻ̫ԶϾͽȴǲ֪Ρ
ôĪ૵
Щˣסͬһطֲ׺ҲٶȾۼ
˫ԳĻ壬Ȼǧ֮УֵĵطȴҲ벻̫ԶλǾסĵطԵĪʵĵģǴ»᲻ǣ浽ǣܸۻɣǺͻŹ
õġ΢΢ҡͷ
ʱһ˻Żŵ˽ˣָҪˡ
ĪʵһһǰǻΪԷǲǽʥɴ½ڲģȴǣǲʦ
˵Ŀ⣬ڷϡ
·
ģһУɢǿϢӣһ߽Ŀ
ͳ죬ڣԽͳ졣ĮȻĿɨ˸淽һĪһۣЩͨѩ𣬲վͻᰲǽ½ڲ
ԣĪʶʱϲ
ʥɴ½ǻƻǿҲܵ죬ڻͱУвپͨ仯ʱ̶Ǳ½Դǲɸ˵Ŀģˣ˭ܸ۴ٰʱ䣬Żнһİšͳһ䡣
ȻԵͷ
ѩ֮£ԴΣͱҪⳡѩΪס
Īʵ˵İźͳ֮صһ䣬ԸԸΪµһԱ
ʲôȵ
է֪ҲͳҲ⣬͵νֱڳ˵ľӢţҲҪзۺڵʵʸ롣
ʥɴ½żߵĵλȨȸ߸ϵʥһ֮൱ģҲֻλۼ޴µֱˣһ룬ͻӵϵҫ͹ǰ̣һЩˣҲܵӡ
ͳĽܣûôĪʵ۾ȴ
ĪǶԷ̾ͻӦ
ĦƬҲȨ𣿡ʵ
Ǻǣһְ𣬾ػƬ˵ûȨĦͳЦ
ʣȫһˡ
Ըߣϵ򵥣ҪҲûôס
ûз֣ˡ΢
ֱţǲ˼ģȻѩû̺ħʬϢڸ£ɹ˹ȥ
뿼һ¡룬˵
Ҫҵ̫áͳҲûΪѣϵʽ󣬾뿪ˡ
ĪЩĿŷ̴Ӧõѡ񣬷Էԣʧȥǧѷĺʱˡ
ЦЦûн͡
Īʵ˲ͬҪʥɴ½ģȻῼպķչʥɴ½ȴãˣһԼԼǿľţû塣
ǰλͳ죬ʵǿλͳ죬ȴǷ۷ʵͬΪͳ죬߲һģĵλҲǿ֪
ԽߵĵλȨζԼҲԽ󣬱Ͼʥɴ½װ׵óô
Ҫ룬ָŴľǱȻġ
ɲ룬Լν
ҪĦƬףҲǱҪģȵɣҾͿ뿪ˡ
ʥɴ½̫ֻҪɽɣҲǿ

ô
ϳû
ܸһۡڣĵ˾ۼһ𣬳ĺ⣬ˣǽӵݵϢ󣬴Ҵҷصġ
ǻصܸۣҲûãðһεѩ벻ԶҲĵȴš
ǿˣѩΣֻҪ¶Ϳ϶ᱻϳ
ˣ㱻ɱǣҲǺͱʿȻͬ
ϷڱʿУôǾĲţһ֣Ȼᱻ˵ܵѶ
Ȼ̽ϢӣȴãȻ
ôûбϳѵıץѶˣü
ûбϳҲûбץӿЦûб¶



1771 
ôܡ
ӵĻ˵ĵһӦǲš
ʥɴ½ôΣ⣬ľѩһЩΪó仯Ļ嶼㲻ȥƾʲôܲ¶
ȻǶ֪ųۣδնڣָķʵ
ʵǿ󣬲ķҲͬ졣
Ҳ֪ӿЦҡͷʥɴ½˵̬ȣֵĻԲܻˣΨһĽ;ǣûб¶
ܸ۵ѩԱ쳣ѩ֮£һжΣҪָԱ飬ڻˣЧһ߾ųɹ
һܣ˵ǿϾó仯۷弶Ļ壬ѩ±¶ˡ
ˣôȥģҪעص㡣Ϊ׵һͻȻ
ҪǵģôǽƻĿġ
˶Ĭ
ˣʺڻƻģ֮ŻУǵʵȫ޷ΣķĻƻص磬ҲǴ󲿷˵Ը
ϳҪԸ׶ˡһ˳̾
֮䣬ܸ۲̫ܣֻҪܸ۴ܴƻôʣǣһҪʥɴ½˶֣ʾȫͬˡ
ûб¶ʥɴ½Ǳʿһߣϵ򵥣Ƿۺڣܸ۵λ˻֦ǾǴ鷳ˡһ˳
˵ۺĸʱ˶һϣһִĸо
յ֪Ƿۺڵʱûţȷϣ϶һʵǵ鶼ޱ𾪺͸ӡ
Ҫ֪Щм˿ƿ޴ҪͻƵۺڶǧѣʹѾǷۺԼ߾ˣҲǾͻۡ
㣬̶ǧ꣬ͽͻƣƿڣͻƾͬԷˮһ򵥣޷ġ
֮Ĳ࣬ʵ̫޴
ƾЩˣ붼ˣʹǷۼޣҲҪ߻
Ŀܲ󣬱Ͼıʿ
֮Ҫȷһ㡣һԵӣæ˵ͷӦ
߱ͬȼţʲô˹ˣûУǾͱȡʩˡ߼˵ȣɢҥԣӦ˵ɢָ࣬ˣҪʥɴ½ͼı졣
ŲǣֻҪˣҪûôףңʹţҲ»ɵӡ
ΣҲҪ취ҵƷ֡
ͻƻԴǲͬģҲ֪ƾʲôѩҿԿ϶ֶο϶żޣھ޴ѹ£ܲ¶š
٩٩̸żƻ
ţǷҡһ䣬˱ʿ̽£زס

ţЩļһսٻɴ½ˣָҪսµĻ㱨ͳü
Ҳܸ۵ְ񣬾ͳפ
ЩˣȻĹע

ͳ΢֣Ҫˡ
ϴ룬֮󣬾ûģͳҲ֪˷̬ȣǿ󣬲̫һۺڣ㱨󣬳ûᣬͳҲͲٹע
ܸڻԣ˵Ƿˣ֪ΪΣѩ׷ԴҪǱʥɴ½ͼı죬Щˣ뷽ͣŻһֱսͼҴĿСĵĿͳһۣ
ЦƾǸҲѩͳЦһأкλӦ
˵һֱչزˡµͳˣҪҪһ£Ƿе⡣
ͳüͷΪѩЩ˵ΪҲȷʵ˷ѽ⡣
Ǳչء
ˣᣬһЩˣǲҪҲˡ
ҡҡͷͳ
˵ƶ£ڷҲԽԽ㣬ıչزƺҲһ棬֤Եʵԡ
ı仯һ֪ȫϡ
ʱţڻָ֧£նҲǵ˹ؼʱ̡



1772
ˡ
ڣǰһֵĻɫλ֣ĳ˳һ̣˲ĿֲâɢݳҪﶼ˲ǷĽն
ڷĿ£ֳֳ̫֮εĻɫΣάܣûй¶ֺ
΢ɫȥ¶֮ɫ
ôãڽŽɣܳɹʩչҲǸտʼ
ܣŷ淨淢ԼԽƿأţնԶûޡ
ӳɣƣӳǿܣҪʱȥϵơ
Ҳǽһԭ
ˣնҲǴﵽˣľĵزڵǿ˺̶ֳȣ֮ʱδ¶Ҳǲö֪Ͼʥɴ½ܺ޹˼ɵͷųȫܡ
ҪһΡ£Ҳȷʥɴ½᲻Ҫֵʱ
Ҫ֣ҪýǾͱΣϾͻᱻϳ
ն֮ǿƾ̣Ǿѹסġ
뵽ħʬǡ
˵ħʬǣٱǰõѩǿħʬ˹ȥڷҪνͬҪħʬǡ
ƻˣͨͨԽԽߣҲԽӽʥͻħ
ˣųħʬǵϢֻΪǽͨ߾Եʡ
ħʬǵϢᱻΪǻ壬ֻħʬǵϢڸǱŻᱻΪͨĽڵҲһնħʬǵϢϣ໥á
Ѷûеֻһʱ䣬ħʬǵϢն֮Уټ̵ѹ׿
һ׼֮󣬷˱չء
Īʵˣһʱ˹
ǡĿһɨʱסǰĪʵˣǳҡ
ÿϻٶˣɫ԰ֽͷĪʣұϣӲնȥ
ҵģ÷𾪡
~˰̾
ұչصʱ򣬵׷ʲôЩȻĪʵˣ̸жĽ飬һ·ϣǶǱϹϾҷҲǽǵ˲ȫǵĲ״
˵ҪСģһأЩ쵰ҪˡҪȥ˵ĪͻȻɫһ䡣
Ŀȥֻ˽
ˣֱӣ٣һǽĪʵ˵ɫʱޱѿǿҵη塣
ó𡣡һĿ׳˫ۣϷʵĿŷ
۷壬۷塭ĿɨȻ֣棬Ȼλ۷壬оͰ׳
ˡɫ΢էôģҲֻˣǽ׷ɱЩˡ
𣿡Уһ߿Աߵģæͷ
ò֪ģȻͬ
õĵȷϣ΢΢ͷסҪĿ׳ۣôͷ¶β𣿡
Ҳ֮𣬻ҪҪˣ
ߺǳ⡣
ĻֻЦЩˣҲǲҪ˼㣬׷ɱ棬˵Ƿ۷ˣǷۼ޷ˣҪ֪ƻǰһڰ
ԼŲҪоȴѵҲ޳֮ȡ
ÿԷһۣȫ˻ߣתͷĪʣģǵԵʣ
ǡӵĿ˻ߵһۣĪʻش𣬼Էûֹٷɿģʱ飬һ顣
ͨѩĪʵ˾ܽʥɴ½ˣʱ򣬷ȴǿʼչء
ĪʵΣҲֻܸۣȴ
Ͼʥɴ½޹ʣʵֵ΢ûз̣²õȥҲ˷Ļɻƻ˫ĹϵĪʺߣǺһɴ½ġ
ڲȣԺ󣬷Ҳûϵˡ
ǣȴء
ȻĪû뵽ǣجεĿʼ
ЩָյҪս÷ڱչأǲƻܸ۵ĹȥţͰϡ
ЩˣʵԶĪʣǰĪʵзأܸ۲ŲʣĪʵ˱ޱȡ
ԭˡ
û䣬ȥ
Щ˲֪ôģȷ˷ʵݣȴְڲҵֻܸۣܴӲػ֣սΪ÷¶ĥĪʵˣΪ˼ŭ
֪ôһˣģǵﲻܵġ



1773 ֮
⻰һûΪ˵ġ
㲻Ҫ嶯ֻҪκβġĪŵ˵
ΪΪֻع˫ʵһǷۺڣһλ۷壬ȫɱ
ĪʿΨһĳ·Ǽ
ߵ˵ʵǿҲĿŵĶԸˣ򣬾ںܸۣʥɴ½ԡ

ǷʲôĻ»Ҫɣܸ۷λߵ˵ΪĿΪ˱ȷ
Īʵˣд˲²⣬˲ŻὨ鷽
֪ôһ¡
ܸһͨķۺڣûбҪôֻǷʧܸ۵ġ
ңôã·ҪҲûǸˣܸ۶ԻߵΪĲŲʣͿԿߡ
ͲУҲҪ
Ŀջأ俴ߵˡ
һҲ֪˵ʲôڶҵѣ븶ۡ
ԷĻش𣬻ߵ˺⣬ֱӳϵĻѰ·ҲûָԼݣֻҪܼŭƵҲ͹ˡ
ǲҪҵˣܿͻ֪ƱõġߵЦ
㲻Ҫ׳ǰһЦЩ£󲿷ֶǱҴ˵ģǸĪʵļһҲǱҴϵ֣ҵţҸۡ
׳ϷʣΪκεԼ˫ʵ
ܺáĿ䣬ڽС
׳ڣߵ˵飬ϼΪ˼ŭʵϣû˸С﷽
ۣܱȵġ
˵ģһ˵ˣûͬʵľҪΣķĻƻߣûһʵǾ޿ܵġ
˵Щ׷ɱ˶ĴѰŷƫƫȴǰȻⲻǼ򵥵ܽ͵ġ
ô߹ߵҲΪʵȷ۷壬ȻǿȴҲвˣ˲ŻĴ󵨵
Сġߵͺȡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҲǺȻ֡
ն
һ֣ǸɵĽ
е˫ζһ£սƣɲǼøɿѪƺ˽ڽֹ˫֣Ҳһ˲ޱȸɿݣʧȥ˹ͬĺˡ
ɫҲһӲ԰ֽҡҡ׹
ͬʱһ̫ĻɫҲֳһֲ֣ķâ˺أռ䱻顣
~
ն֣֮Ľ̳ͬӿռԣԽ˴˼ľ룬ֱն˿׳ǰ
ɫȻǣϯأҪһжɡ
߾ȻûʲôӦԣǵĻɫΣͬһ𣬾˽ȥ
ûһѣȫ룬̼䣬ǵ嶼˺ѳѪĲ
~
˺˻ߵ˺նĿܣ׵ͷų
ޱȵķâȫǣ˶µķâ֮ɪɪͷɫαǿۿžҪܸ˺룬һֻͻȻڻɫεǰˣӵӰֳ
Ƶס˻ɫΣҪ֮ͻȻɫ΢䣬һѪ£ҵһֻҲ˳һݺݺ˻ɫϣһȭŽ֮ûиܸ۴̫ƻ
˻~
ʱĪʵ˲ŴӼлعŵĿ
վԭأһ
նֵһ̣ڵҲգ˾״̬Һ;ƿݵĸоûάֶãĻָѸٷã¡¡ůš
һ䣬ɫ˽ֽĲ԰ףһѪɫκ紵΢΢𣬼Ҳǻָһ
ܻûϻָ۷״̬ȴҲǿҵĺ֢а˳
ָһĽҲһ⻹һΣȫͷնû뵽֮ǿ˹
һɱλ۷壬ȻжԷڣն֮ǿҲ˷ָ
٣ھˣɱ۷
ǽ
Ѷȣҵĺ֢ܾ˵ĺģǻذɱ
лָնһɱеͬʱҲ˾Ե׸ˡ



1774 

Ī죬ȴԼһƬհף֯ʲô
޲ſڽ࣬޷Լ۾
û뵽Ȼǿλ۷壬ټˣһнǰʵԶԶԽļޣҲӡеķȫͬ
ʱķҲʵһнλ۷壬Ǻʥɴ½Ԯ硣
ҸոɵĽоڻĻظ£ָţĪʵĻ֪ʲôǼ򵥵Ļشһ䡣
Ī˼룬Ҳͽ˷Ľ͡
ϾǺһɴ½ˣߣ˫֮䲢֪֪׵ģ෴ǶԷ˽ǳ٣ҲǸ׽ǰʵ
ΣҲǹϵǳԽǿʥɴ½ܵõҲԽǿû˻ȥܾĺ¡
ûн̫࣬ûбҪ⣬ҲΪӽնನĿ˹òӡ
ۼޡ΢
ѡﶯ֣Ϊ˴ߵһֲȻû뵽նܾȻǿ˺˵ĵزû뵽ĺ֢֮޷ʰо֣ǳλܸ۵ˡ
һȻǳڷǰĿⲻ˿顣
΢΢Ƿ
λۼޣά𾴣Էʵڵ󼰵ģۼ޵ǿԶ۷壬նȻ˵ӣѪҲֹڴˣв
չǷۺڣҪԽ磬вۼޣɲʵǿҲδ
ĪʵˣҲһԻ
ûۼӣǶԷʵܸҲֻһ˲УҪ˽ܣ֪˾Ǵ˵еĳ
ˡ
ӻû˵һӰǷĪһͳ졣
ˣʧְͳ֣̿һԶΪܸ۵ȴóгôıʣʮʧְ
Ȼȴǰ˰֣Ļ
Ǹٻɴ½ˣӳ
ҡ
һۺڣȻ˿µĽɱλ۷壬ǶСˡӵϲŭ
ʲôͳȴǴһ̲סĿ
ó٣ûп֣ǿǿֲ׵ĻɫΣǣǿµΪ֮ȻǳԷ֮֡
ôܣ
ҲͳţϾһͨķۺڣܲʶ̧ٵľܾ룬ѹûȻǿ
û˵
Щӡ
ƻıʿϵУȻҲнĴڣһս΢΢Ѷ֮󣬱˻ҪѵĶࡣ
Ҳûɽ
˽⣬ӦŶصĻܡ
ȻЩĽȴʲôΪڷĻԵԶȡġ
Ҳǻƻܳǵʥͻħ񣬶ÿһʥͻħ񣬶Ƕһ޶ģʹü̳ʥͻħˣҲŲ֮ͬ
ӿϷͷûĻԵ
ǣǲܵġ
ӲΪһŽȥͷûԣͬ£δɹҪ»ָۼ޵ʵҲԶûô򵥣г˱Ϊ֮ðա
˵ɣôһ£ΪʲôЩ˻Ϊʲôͷ֡΢΢ҡͷӸƽһԵͳ졣
ͳ첻ҵæľϸһ飬ߵڳɢԣԼԼĿ
俴ͳһۣȻܿͳȡĮ̬ȣһԭǷûмԵʡ
չԣãµΪֹӵ
Լ۾նУ̺ޱȴħϢǾٵġ
Ƿħʬ֣ԷʵûжȡħʬǵĿܣңҪ٣Ҳ¡
ʵϣûѹħϢ֮Ĳг֮Ӳӵ۾
ڷͻߵ֮ĶԹӲġ
˽ǰٴԵΣǵսܸ˺ܴƻȷɵģңﶯ֣ҲΥܸ۵Ĺأܵͷ
ЩˣҲͰˣȴš
⻰һеնʱýĪʵȴִҳ
·ӵһܳͷбѹǧֲ꣬ĹЧȣ˲ƻܸ۵Ĺء
ڶΪĿ䣬йʧһʹ



1775 
䡣
ͳһû뵽ӾȻ
Ŀ䣬λȻ˿Щͳ֮£ңƣǱԱˣҲûôԼܵ˵һȽݣרŸЩʵǿֲԸ̫ܵԼǿߡ
һۺڣȻһԾΪĿ䣬βͳ𾪡
£ĻֻΪͨײ㣬߸ϵĿ䣬ʮǧ֮Զ
侲ͳҲȻˡ
ǿµĻɫΣǳԷֵ֮Ļ˵Żɱλͳʵʹǽǿҵĺ֢һ֮÷õ֮λ
Σӵ
ԸΪĿ䡣ûԥ
Ȼ·ʵϣѡģҲֻһ
Է̬ŵģҪôΪԼˣºҪôǳΪˣѹǧꡣ
ܽܣѹǧİţˣڻƻͣǧ֮ãҲζܵȾų⣬Ҳ޷뿪ϾķۼޣܴȾԶˡ
ִ򲻹ԷֲԸѹǾֻһѡˡ
ӭһȻݣ㲻ڽյѡ񡣡¶һ˿Цݡ
ο˼Ӿ뿪ˣͳ찲ŷļˡ
ϲԺǾͬˡͳ˹鸴ӡ
ǰķͳаζӳ£ԭһ۵ȴһԾΪλ൱Ŀ䣬̬Ҫúõһ
ͳ죬䣬һ¡
ҵְ𡣡ͳ˵ͷ
Ľ£νĿ䣬Ҳ꾡˽⣬ԣĸݿ䣬Ȼɡ
ͨ´󹦣õӵ׿ϣ
ȴãֻҪһЩۣʱ뿪ͨԣҪԼ
ҲΪ£Щǿߡ
ܳΪģҲҪз۷ʵΪǿߣԸܿԼģˣŻῪ
еҲʧλȻȥɣȴҲѱռ
һͳźĴ͸ǿҪõһЩ⣬ͱ븶һĴȡ߽ȡ¹͵ȵȡ
ȻˣõЩĿܶûУѾǷǳˣңҲһۿۣȫĵȼ۽
ܲˡ΢΢ͷͨѾǳ⡣
Ȼǵ֪ǰһξܾԸԼ֮ˣϷչֳǿʵŻ֮λ
ֻҪΪ䣬ڻ鱨ֻ߹ĦʥĴƬ£踶Ӧۼɣ֮ǰȫû·ߣǲһܴģֻʥɴ½ĸ߲㿪š
ʥɴ½ĸ߲㣬λ磬Ŀ䣬ȻҲ⡣
ͳĴ£ܸһڣŴģΪĿ䣬ͬʱӦȨ
ǿơͳݹһɵƣΪ䣬ܱһʹԺ뿪ֱҲ᳤ǧ꣬ǿĴκδۡ
һʥɴ½˵һС£Դ£Щǿߣģһ
¶ϲɫôһܶĪʵһˡ
ദʱҲ壬ǵݻ˵أҲһ飬ʥɴ½ͣãôȥЩǷףʥɴ½ǧӣҲǳ
ȵնܸõƿ֮󣬵ڻ鱨ܹĦƬٺò֮󣬾Ҫ׼뿪ˡԺתͷԽжţ˾
Ӻͳô뵽ǰŲżžͿˡ

ܸĳ
ܣôܡӻоǿ־塣
û뵽ôһ˶ɱȫʬռ鱨ҲһͬǰĻ»ᱻһ򾡡
ôܸ۲֣ҲȵڣǣǷǿ⣬벻ͨҲⲻˡ
뵽ǰҪܸ˺ƬĻɫΣӾڲס־塣
ҿ϶ǷԷ֣֮Բ³Ӧߵ˵ֱӵĹϵ
Ƿѵ˳֣ͻȻһ
ͻȻ˹ɲǵһˡ
Ǵĵ׷ɱ·ԵУʵϣȴˣܸУҲˣѹ
˵󣬻һǣؽ硣



1776
ʶеǣǵؽǿܸۣӾлȻ
Ǽпܵ顣
ԴȷܸۺǶ߾Ͳ̫ע󲿷־˷ϣϾǽƻĵһĿ꣬ˣеؽǿߵȴûǷ֣ҲǺġ
ŶԡΪҵ˴𰸡
Ϊ쵽ǳ̶ȣԳֵıȻˣϸĻۣδնǿߣôӱΪô룬ؽǵǣܷηһ˽ƻ磬ûκεı
֮ǰǺˣȻ
ϢһҪݸˡ૵ߵᵼ²صĺͱһΡ
ֻҪϢݳȥҲ֪ǰԤܱĲҰܡ
һɱλ۷ڵˣʵʹؽ磬ŵģѲ²Էݡ
뵽ӲҵֵΣգæ뿪ܸۡ
Ȼոͣ۵ĸۿڣͱżµͳסˡ
Ҵߡ
Ŀһۣͳ
Ǽֱ֣ӣһ˶Ƿۺڣʵ֮ϣһ֣ûκηء
ˣΪʲôץң硭ӻæϣƾԼݣöԷɵ
ͳ÷ϻֱʾ£ַסӣ졣
ߵ˵Ľ֣Ȼʱ̣ܶնֱӸ𣬿ǽ֮ʵ̫ǿ󣬴ڵĶʱ䣬ܸΧһƻ
ⷽ棬ͳȻ޷жΣºҲ˼䡣
˶¼ϼӳͽ䣬ܸ۵ѹ͹ؽȻ޴档
ߵ˿䣬ͳҲֻܰĿ꣬תΪߵ˵ͬҲӡ
ʵϣǵжܸɢҥԣͳֻûѡ
Ͼʥɴ½ĵ̡
׷Ȼ޷ѣͳ£ץȥѹЧȡ

ͳжһ֪
Ϊ󣬷Īʵ˽ʥɴ½
Īʵˣһ췽˵󣬷ָ췽ΪӵˣĪʵ˵Ľ飬ҲǸһ䣬Ժܷʥɴ½ͷأǴӴˣͿԼ컯ˡ
һµ󣬷˱չء
նƿأһ̨ףӵĴ죬ߵ˽֣޷ƵնܣҲӦ
Ǵڻ鱨ԼܹܲĦƬˡ˼
ƻһĿģΪ
˵ɹͻƵۺڣϵջȴ޷⡣
ˡ
һģʱӭ
Ŷְ˵ͷ
ָ֣ɹӷǲģҲǿĻȨ֮һ
ôһλǺġ
˵𣿡һԱϹϾ֣ʵ
棿Ȼ֪һʣû뵽ȴϵͷǻƻصĵطʥɴ½ķۼޣ˵ȥ棬ʥɴ½ôĹģչɻƻǿҲеĹϵ
ЩȻû뵽ֻĻش֪ģԶɴ½ķΪ꾡
ܿȻˡ
ʥɴ½ʱʵܵ΢֪ĶȻȲΪ֡
˵ҲǷۺڣʥɴ½Ļһϣͬȼľš΢΢ҡͷ뿪Ҳδܳɷۺڡ
ʥɴ½ǻƻǿû棬Ҳطȫ
Ȼʥɴ½ڲȴǵȼɭϣҪͷؾ£ҲǺܶ뿪ʥɴ½ԭ
뿪ףѡ
Ҫڻƻߣûз۷ʵͻǳΣգ뿪ʱӦǳз۷Ļᣬпܾλ棬ȷΪ˷ۺڣһȻǲ̤Ǻ˵Ԫۻ˪ѩеһˡ
Ԫۺ˪ѩۣΪɴ½;ĩ·ôԸ⣬ʥɴ½£Īʵ˵ˡ
ҡͷջ񣬷ʵڻ棬֪٣
ˣ֪Ĳ࣬ҵʵûȥʸ񡣡ֵʥɴ½ڣв˶ȥ棬꾡ϣЩϣ޳ġ


1777 פ
֪ˡ
΢΢ס
˵ģȻʲô˼
ڼΪһ̣ˣڻϺεҪ¾ͳˣ޳ã˵λˣҪõ븶ӦĴۡ
ҲûʲôòģΪ䣬õ꾡ϵĿԶûС
ȥɡ£˵
ǡֵ
ֵĴ£ܸ۵Ĵ󴦣Īʵ˾͵ʥɴ½أõȴͬһ
ʹһһСĪʹõģҲǷǳĸߣʱʱľ˴ӹ߽߳빬ͣһСĹȴ˽
ȻСĹſڣȴǽ䱸ɭϣԶһʱ״̬һ춯ϻ˲Χػסܸ۵ˣҲᱻɣ۷ˣҲӲȥ
ߵǰһĻ֣ס˵ȥ·ڷóǴݵƣһˢ󣬹Ļʱʧ÷˽ȥ棬«ڷ
ڣֻһ
˴󣬹âһʧԭأһĹ㳡ϡ
Ǿפأʥɴ½ڵĸţפڴˡֽһ䡣
˵ͷ
൱ڸŵĹأǽȡ񣬻߲鿴ϵȵȣУҲѹ֣˵Ĺôǿˡ
ϣⲻļһ׼ִ·ǰ鿴ϵĵطһ˹
ϣı־˺׾ͱ˳
תݺݵ
Ҳ˹ȥֻǺ棬м˴ӴгΪ׵һ⡣
ɣһϳΪ׵ӣɫʱʮѿ
ԭ°ܽôʱӭͻַ֡ŭĿ⣬ɺʼ硣
ִŭҪȴ˰֣ǿɫȴǸ˼֡
ף
ɵЩ⣬ȫûԷΪǸոռֵС࣬ûҲڿֶԷ̬ȣȴȻˡ
Ŀ½˸飬Ҳûʲôĵطڣеϣ۾һӹ
䣿𾪣žͿЦһۺڵ䣬ԽԽȥˡ
ļˣڷӦҲЦ
һݣǿֳȻҪΪ䣬ҲǷ۷壬ôǷ۷塣
ǲΪǿȥ뵱ȻΪ϶ʲô·õ˿һݡ
Ҳûпܵ¡
Ͼʥɴ½ܶأܶȨ棬ֻԸ߲㿪ţһ˸Ӵ
ŵĳԱԼ̫ǿܶ˶ԸǷԼ˳Ϊ䣬ҲͳΪΨһѡ
ʵǾǮңȻַͨʽΪ䣬۷ǳĸ߰Ϊĺôȴֵøġ
һľ棬Ŀ䣬һģȴûС
һľǿ
û뵽ȴһλۺڵĿ䣬ȻΪֿǮĿ䡣
ܸ۵Ķ֣̾ͽܶ˲ϸڣûд֪սģûмˣɵȻû˵
Ҳ˰мĿ˼ۣͷЦȥ
սȭͷĵķŭ
ɵĻУһֱΪ㱩ߣǣȴƫƫΪ˵ʵ
ûפܸۣڷĴţҲû˵˿һġ
Էλ䣬ҲǴƲ𣬲ɭϣĵλͳ൱Զ֮ϣôģϣȴǲչֳڷǰҲʼչ
ֻг̾
˭ɵ˵ƣûоϾҲûʲôУȴʾı֡
һľţһ򲻺ͣʱгͻ
˵ͷ
ʥɴ½ֹһλۼޣÿһλۼ£һֱֻţʣӦúࡣ
ǾţʵϵӦö࣬Ͼۺڲ洦ɼĴײˡ
߰ɡ
²ߣ΢΢ҡͷҪ뿪ģĻںɵҪӾӺˣҲȥ֤ʲô


1778 Ļ
פصĵطܴȫֵܸۣĴ£˺ܿһûʵĹǰ
Ǿפֵĵط֮һҪһЩʲôϵȵȣС
ֵĵûκ˵ע⡣
ó˸Եƣâһ˱˽ȥ
һʯĴ棬ֻһˣһ֣ȴûиų֣Ǳ͵˱Ĵ
ÿ˽ĴΨһģҲΪ˱ܡ
͵ǵ󣬵Щ֮˵ͷߵ˴ƽ̨ϣڽһ̣һʶʹԺβϣһƷȡ
վƽ̨ϣһʯ˵λãȻճһ飬Ҳ⣬ոոյѶϢƷڿմ
~һ룬֤ͨΧյĵطȻӰͬҹеķǣ飬޷嵽ж
Ҫģڻϡ
䣬еӰ˲ʧ˾ųɾţֻʣȼʮ
Щǹڻϡ
һУʱһӰֳ鼮ģȻҪȴָͰ첻ͬʱһѶϢԺ
֡
ҪⱾ飬ݣҪ֡
֣Ǿפͨеƾ֤ݣѾһ֣ҪĻֻߡ
ſⱾ飬ȡһѶϢǣ֡
ûãͽ⼸ʮ鼮ȫһ飬϶ҪһΨһһ鼮ŵģٵĿǷ֪ģûκμֵ
һҪ֡΢΢ҡͷѾĹ֣ѾǼ䰺ˣĻֺǳ֮ߡ
һᡣ
⼸ʮ飬Բͬˣ϶ظĵطÿһҪֻѡеһ
ǱҪ֡ϵģȴʥɴ½ĴߣԶܱȵġ
ԲһļҲҪʮ֡
ϣһֶûУֻܿЩ֮̾
ҲֻУЩʸȥˣŶһһ˸붼롣
ҪݣҪʲôۡ룬ʵţһѶϢԺ
ʮ֡
΢΢ͷʮֲ٣ͨ㲻ʲôˣȻһ˳ΪҲæǻὫֻڸҪĵط
ܵ˵һԼԣǿһʵλϡ
ĦƬأʵ
ΧһӰֳÿһӰһִƬ÷ԾǣӰжʮ֮ࡣ
ʥɴ½ǻƻǿ̷ͬСɡ
һ֮䣬ÿһεļ۸ÿιĦʱ䲻óաܿ죬Ū˹ĦЩƬĴۡ
ûһ˵ġ
ǱģʮٲˣҲҪЩݿ²࣬ҵôѡĻѡеģܹĦƬĻҲݴ
ִּҲҪʮ֣ʹ֣ҲӶࡣ
εõ֣ҡҡͷ
𰸺ܿ
Ҫõַֻ֣ʽһ˸裬һǳƷһ
˸裬ʥɴ½ز죬˭ұĻ֣Ҫף˫ͬ£ǿ޷óѵģַʽҲᱻȡһۿۡ
ҪʽұͲ׼ʥɴ½ãôʱȥ񡣡
һЩֵܸߵ񣬶ҪܳʱȥɣȻȡ
ǳƷ
ħʬǺʹƬħʬãۣܳƬԴڻħ񣬶ò󣬵ǣó
ûͣԼôõƬġ
һ۴Ƭʲôⶼܽô£Ȼʥɴ½ĸ߲䶯Ҫע⵽ѡ
϶дƬˣħʬǣ˳£ãҲģݱ¶Ҳʱ⡣
ʱӭģȻǱѹˡ
ʱ䰡ʱ䡣ҡͷ̾Ϣ
һַʽֻҪʱ仨ȥ綼ܻȻ˷ѵģʱ䡣
ʥɴ½ԽãԽΣա
ߵˣǷ۷壬Ӧʱţ϶зۼ޼ǿ߸
Ҫ취ˡ˼ţ뿪
ûжһκζҪĴۣѾ֪ȥҲŬķ


1779 ̨
Ŀɨ̾Ϳ˵֡
Ҳ˷æ˹
񣬾ӷĵǲڶʱڣ⽫Ҫˣûãܿͳŷ
ٶĲҲи
ˣҪȥפأʥɴ½вҪĵطѯʵ
ˡ˰֣֣֪ô׬ȡģ
ô׬֣ԽԽãʱûʲôͷէȻ˽Ķࡣ
Է⣬һɫûС
ҲͲµôʣֻҪǿˣЩԶһģĿ֮κԺĵһͷ׬ȡ֡
ַ֪ǳѵãҪõ֣񡭡ֿ˵
˵ģҲͷ˽Ĳַ࣬ʽ
΢΢ҡͷֻЩĻǰˡ
Ҫ׬ȡֵķʽܶ࣬ǧмֵ֮۵Ļ׬ģԾ˵ʵųһ֪׬ȡİ취ֻһˡڷЩʧ֮ʱֻһת
ʲô취۾һ
ĶԺ˶Ķûע֮⣬פŸֻ̨ҪԼʵģ̨սսʤ־Ӯȡ֡鵭ȻҲԼ̨˵ս
ֿ˷һۣû˵ȥ
˼ԣԷʵ߱ս֣սʤ֮Ŀܣ˵̨ˣǿΪ֮Ҳȡˡ
˵һҲΪ˴һ·ϾǸ߹ϵǮĿ䣬ֻҪе֪֮Ͳѡַʽҷɵʱı֣Ҳʧ
Ŷַʽ˼Ȥȥơ
ֵɴ۾û뵽Ķġ
ǣǡ죬ȴ֣֪˵źãֱ˵ϵʵȥսȫǶۡû⵨ӡ
㾡ܴ·
ҵġһңﻢ£Ҳûܾ
ȥҲһͻսЩ˵ʵͲȥˡµҲֻˡ
ֵĴ£˺ܿһ޴Բι㳡
ʱ͹㳡ͬһ̤Բι㳡оһݣоһЩѹ֡
մȾħѪɣھΧķܼѹսನƻʱĽ͡
ʮطսǺε֮󣬼ʹǻƻ磬ܵ˼ѹƣκĻҲĪƻ
ʩչն㽫ܸ˺룬Ϳɼһߡ
Ȼ⧲ҪĻܸ۷ϵȫʹնǿҲ첻ɶƻ
˵ͷ
ĸӦʩչնɵƻͻǳСˡ
רսĵطĿǰȥֻľУʮƽ̨Լ߰ƽ̨ϣֱսţʣµļֻһ
ˣǼûսģǰµ̨Ϊʧ̫ܵˣ¸սˣûжˡֽһ䣬ǼˣǷ۷弶ǿߣڸڣŵĴ
˼ǣûǷʵͱʲǫ̂ˡ
˵ֻȰ
ʲô𣿡ɫ
ĶĻܶעǶٻֻ֣Ҫ˫ͬ⼴ɣʱһĺġֵ̨һÿһҪһǧֻ֣Ҫ̨ڣл֣һֱȥ
һĶìܣ̨ΪͨսĥԼ
ԣͬ
Ҳ׹ΪʲôǼ̨û˴
Ұ̨ģ޲ǿߣûɵϣǷǳģʤ㣬˭ȥӻһǧˡ
˵ţһƽ̨ϼսˣȻֳʤ
~
һһӰȻأ˴Ѫ
ҡ䡣˲âһƽ̨ϵ³֣ºˣֻ˵ɫ԰ףȴ֮ǰѪģҪ
һùâıʯƽ̨롣
ǻħʯǶĶǴ̨ʵϣеսڻħʯĿռڽУҲ䣬Ǿúܲ·һҲ˹ȥ
˵ħʯǵԻ棬ս˫Էſֽţ֡
׷ֳʥɴ½Ҳս˻ħʯûΣգ˶ͨսĥ
һҲˡ¶Цݡ


1780 ˼
ǰȥ
ˣ롭иԤС
̨ûȥᣬϾʵ飬ֱ˽ȥ
Ҫ̨ѡ
ķΧܴʮƽ̨ռ˼Сһ֣ȥԿһʯ͵Բھ
ÿһʯԲܽһƽ̨ս
ҲޣѡһʯԲߵǰƷ˽ȥ
~
һѶϢ֮뷽ԺˣھսĹ
ȿ~ɿһתͷ֣лȽһǧ
Բιȥ
ôû뵽ϾȻһǧֶų̂ԭʼʱûУһǧ֣ĻҲֻܴһˡ
ǮĿѵΪ˳Ϊ䣬л⵰źţȴ˵ʵʵĽһǧó˵һת۾˽
һǧ㲻̫࣬ڷǿݣֻҽٶĻҲܽ赽ȫܾܾ
ҲЩΣһ˵Ķ̨֮¾͹ˣûüһ
򣬼ʹóƬϵҲԻһʻ֡
̨ÿһսҪһǧ֣ʤУҲ˵Ҫ̨ҲҪһǧ֡
һΪ㣬̨Զ
ʼɡûô飬۳һǧ֣ţһһ޴ƽ̨ȽȽھ֮С
һ̨롣
ţ
˰̨ˣ
ߵĶ˾˵ע⣬Ŀƽֻ̨зһˣǶʱףǰµ̨
ܿ˹鿴̨ߣԿϢ
Ŀ䣿
֣ôǸۺڡ
¶ɫȻҲЩ⣬һۺڣΪĿ䡣
һʱ䣬ǰ鿴˲٣ս̨ģȴһ˶ûС
ҲڳˣûһʶҲ͸ĵϸȻ֣ΪʲôΪĿ䣬ûŪ֮ǰûԸ
Ͼһǧֲ࣬ȴҲ٣װ׶ǻһġ
ˣǷϢԼȥ飬ڷ鱨ˡ
Ȼû˸Ҿ͵һΪש񡣡ͻȻһ۾΢žͿ첽ǰʯԲһȥһǧ֣ս
Ȼ̨룬ȴһ
Ҳףôһ£̨ʼʱ䣬һֻ֮ս
̨ܽսսжˣܷսֱսн߻Ϊֹ
̨ʼʱ䣬Ҳѡ񣬵Ȼʱ䷶Χ̣ܶҲ졣
ʱ䣬һ֮󣬾׼һսһ˴һ
ô֪˵ĵϸϾͱΧס׷״̽Ϣ
Ƿ׷״̽鱨Ȼջȴȣ֪̫ˣʵģǽȼˣʱڣȷе鱨ʱҲûʵӺͳǱȥ
Ͼǵ󣬲һܽӴġ
Ҳʶɣ˵ˣ˾Ǯ򵽵Ŀ䣬ʵһ׬ֵĻᣬôô
ӹЦ
ɵˣ뷽չ棬ͳìܣȻѡܣǴ
ģ˵۾½ҲϢҲ׷סˣһȿֺǰս
ԭǻô侲ôҲҪȵսԳʵŻѡսսǣɵ˵Ĵ£ĿĴԷзǴϢ޲ˡ
ڿ˳ɻ
Ȼ㲻ףΪʲôҰ̨ڲǾµʱ˭Ҳ֪жٻ֡
ֿУޣ˱ܰ׬һǧ֣˭Ҫ
ǷˡɳھӵϢȻ̨ϲæǰս
ҥԵˣôˣʵ˴ԡ
ӣˣҲͲסˡ
һʮʮ٣ԽԽ࣬ǵĵһ£ս
ʳһֻ˼۵ӣҲ֪ʲô裬̨͸ɢƵΪô
ò˶ãսʹ˹ˣֱ֮࣬ȫ̹עֿĿɿڴ
ãáʱ˿̣нʣ½ң÷ֻһǧ֣Ҳֻһ
ľ֮࣬Ҳǳһ


1781 
ǣչǶˡ
˿ϵȴʮѿǿԶǳЦģоһ
֪Ƿʲô裬ƫƫҪھ̨
䲻˶ٻ֣Ϊȡ裬ȫĳ֮󣬱ȻܳҲܵĪĳʵĴԡ
ĽǣѾͳ췢ȥϢ߷飬ͳͳ㱨һ飬쵽
Ѿֹֹ̨ˣϣǣͳĵܼٶӰ졣
ȻͳǱҲ֪ģȴûκλӦȥϢͬʯ󺣡
ֻϣܶӮˡµҲֻˡ
Ͼǿ䣬ģʵҲ̫Ӧòһ䡣
Цȹϵı֣иƶ
ˣضĿݣʵԶԶ㣬Ҳд˵ȱ֡
ƾһ㣬ɻ˿϶˵ܻˡ
ؼǣ֮йһͻ
ʱɵĳͶڮ٣һԲûκα֣϶ˣʵ㡣
ΪһԱǿݣܻδš
ͲȻŭˡ
Ȼ벻ʹҪ뿪ںŻ᲻ᡣ
ٺ٣ǳʲôĿĮ̇׬Ļ֣ҪײҪֻϣôˡЦݡ
̨ϣɡֵ˵ģĿʯԲϣʾѾսһս޷ȡǰ۳Ƿ̨߻㣬ЩսͱһĴ
ʮ塣
ʱʯԲϵ֣Ȼʮ֮࣬ڰ̨棬Ǽ亱ģ϶˼۵ӣҲ˳档
΢΢ҡͷٶೡȫӮҲͶʮְˣԷҪ£Ӳ㡣
ٶˣһ㶼࣬ʥɴ½ľפأϣʮطۼڴˡ
ʥɴ½ǻƻǿǿƣۺڣʸսģֹٶˣˣûг֡
ʥɴ½ĻԶԶɴ½ɱȵģνǿǿܹĦĴƬжʮ֮࣬ħѪͶɣ룬ħʥʬҲ٣Ҫǿߣʵ̫ˣͬѩһ㡣
ƻڵ壬ʽ粻ͬǵԴʥͻħһ£ǳɳѣֻҪ㹻ʥħʬǣԼƬʮط۵ļʣԶԶ
ʥɴ½ȻȱЩ
һͱ׼Ƿۺڣɴ˿ɼһߡ
˶ˣֻһΡֻҪһΣ˽ʵҪӵˣͻ٣һ㣬ֻҪڣǼʽ̨֪
̨ţҲǻԵɺϣµ漣ֵڶΡ
ˣһεĻᣬȻҪץסŹ
Ѹһ£֣˼䡣
ʲô
귽Ļӻζ£ιȥŵĵɴ۾
вСҡͷһҪôԸӦʹǿ֮ҲǿҪȥ顣
ü
ʱͻȻһͳڷϢˣѯϸڣץסһݣæ߷飬ץʱ˵һ飬󵹿ˮոշҪ˵ˡ
ôû뵽ǣͳǱߣڳĬƬ̺󣬷֡
ġ
ֳˡ
ˣˡʱԺֻһͷͳ춼ŷˡ
ҪܾܾΪǿ䣬ͳĻˣܾ
֮£ֻǰȥִһ⣬ڰ۳һ֡
˵Ŀ⣬ȥ
ȭ硣
һۣ˶һɵɫֱ͡
ǣûꡣ
һֲֳ
顣
â£߹
һ
Ψ飬޵Уʥ鲻˭档
ʮ̨֣ϷһĿȻݣľ
飬â£Լһ⣬Ǻͬľţʥɴ½ʥĶţûһ֧ǱģڳУгŵˡ
ڡ
һĳţƬ̺ǽһʯݺ
~
ȫȻ


1782 
󵨡
֮ͽ
֪ߵغһۺڣҲҳš
վ̨ϣŻȻľֻе˫ȷ亹乡
һŭ֮Ŀ⣬ɶͶϵģ⾺ֺɣԼᱻĿѹķ顣
Ǳ
һֻ̣ޡ
ӱ˵ʮĴ֣ľűһǴʵҲаˬģΪˣҲΪһݶΪ֮ĳͻʼΪά
ǣҲֻѣ򲻸ҽ֮֮ڣЩŭˣ׽˺Ƭ
ҺڳˣҲףʮ֣ǳԷ֮⣬˺ܿͷŹ֣ŭ֮ĿͶ˷Ҫǡ
ȻЩɱڵĿ⣬ȴǻδţһ㷴ӦûС
ôĵӣôĵӣСҳɲȻŭȭ֣ζըˡ
ãҵģβҵأҾͲᡣ
̷Ϣͬš
ڣڽӵһϢҲը˹
͹㳡һâЩ˸ϵפصĵһ£ǰ
ЩԭԴ²⣬Ҳòһŵˣŭˣ˹
һǧ֣ӵУҲС
Ǳ֣ڸΪ˻֣Ϊ˸Ծŵ
ڣһʱֵ˼㣬Ǽ̨ǿߣҲ˸Ե̨˽
ʯԲϣʾս֣Ҳٴοʼתۼͳһǧ֮
ֽԭѾȫ֪ôˣǰľԶԶⷶΧҲûм˰̨ʢ
ʱţڣһ֮ڹȥ
һǧʮ塣
յսζŷҪһǧೡȻڳûΪֵܼǵز
ʥɴ½Ȼǿڶ࣬Ҳۺһǧ֮࣬ϾۺڲǴײˣǡ
֮Ի֮սв٣ĳģۺڵʵûС
Щߴ֮ˣʵ㣬ԭûսʸ񣬲ڿǵ˭ϼٳ඼£Ȼƣűż˵̬ս
㷽ǰ㣬Ҳûռ˰ˡ
ʼɡ
˼ɴ飬Ҳûе飬һǧٶೡ̨ҲǴԼĿģȻǷ֮١
ڿԴˡһսĻԾ̨ˣڱ֮УҲѾ̫ãȲҪúýѵһͨ
ɵ
СӲ񡣡
̨µˣ׷Ϊ
ǲ£С֧ŶٳҲӮ˳ȴ
һ

˶ǼȻҲвˣŭȴʮѡ
Ұ̨ȺҪ˵ǷӣȻܣˣȻʵϣһʵ
ʮ
ʮ
Ҳһٳ
˵硣ȻôӷˣҲΪӮһٳвΪò˶ãͻ֣ӴΪһЦ
СӣӶݺݵĵŷ
̨룬һùâĻħʯ˵һȻ˾롣
ڿԳˡ
ڽһնٳĻնΡ
~
ħʯٴθ֣ӳ̨ϣ֮ɫƺ޷ʵ
ս
ʧܵĻӱ̨
̨µ֣ʱΪ֮һ塣
ܶ˶ûзӦս̫죬ڿʼһ̣
ˣǵ
⡭ôǿ˵۾ǼûʵǲĿһ֣֪
ȻЩΪʵǿˣҲǿĿɿڴ
̧䣬ɱһλۺڣҶּ䣬˿̻Ƿưɡ
⡭Ҳǵɴ۾һŽ
һĿɨȫ
һͨķۺڣ˵ûκεѶȣƻڵŲСȱݣûͨķۺڶǲ磬ڷǰͬ߹һ
ڶλսϳɱ
ˣˣˡ
һ⣬ȫһɱʵڷۺǿ
ҾͲţ㻹޵ˡŭУɳ嵽̨ϣֵսˡ
ڷۺУҲǼΪǿģе֣ڷǰȴûκ塣
ɱȻɱ
ڴɱɱ
̨£ŷһ֣ҲǱԽԽţѻȸ˵Уǳǿҵ𺳡
ûˣһ֮С
ȵ۷弶ͳͿҲΪƲɵ̬Ҫʱ
ʩչն
һء
ʤһֱȥ޿ɵֵϵĻ֣ҲĿɿڴٶһ·ܿͳ˰


1783
ΪʲôΪʲô
ŷһʤƲɵ̨£ʧǡ
û뵽Ȼζ󲻵
Ҫ֪µ̨ʢ棬ռ˺ܴĹͣûҲôˡ
ʵǿҲͰˣƫƫʱչֳʵǿޱȣΪ֮
ôһ˻֣ӵĸǿߣȻὫһìܣתϣ˭Ҳʼٸ֮һ
ɺĪǣĹĶ£ˣ˱չؿԼִģ϶ˣλͳͿ䣬ǵʵ֮ǿȫܴЩûˣҲڳˣǿȥ
Ҳ˵һ֮ǳ
ȭ磬Ǳûзصȭˡ
ɵĺںʧǣ־ǽȻͬı֣ڵ̲סߺȴǿаסˡ
ʱﻹаԹͲмĿУѾһ޵ս
ڣЩǰֵ޲ˡ
ĺɨƣֻҪһգŵˣҪһͷβü鿺ܵĿҪ
һǧʮʤ
ŷһһնɱⳡ̨ҲʽĻûиսˡ
ʵϣٳǰ̨ѾһͳͿ֮ʣµĶͼˮռ˵ˣۺڶǣڷǰҲֻбոһ;ˡ
ڽˡ
Ҳ΢΢˿һǧٶೡʹҲǸеʮƣ
ڻħʯĿռս䣬սһĽҲǸеƣģʩչĺ֢ҲǱˣսҲǳ߸ɵļ
ڻǿָ£֧
ûлĻָҲһ·ʤϾһǧٶೡսҲϷ۷弶ͳͿ䣬սƣٲҲҪ﷭
ǲ˼顣
ߴŵҪ䶯ˣӴҪѹһͷˣҲֻʥѹס
̨ˣȻ𾪵˼㡣
ʱǲʶִЩںţǳһ޿ʵ
һսż˸飬˭ҷϡ
ʱգ¾ʥ롣૵
ʲôʥ룬ܰɣ⻰ʱв˱𺳵ˡ
ʥʥɴ½ǿĶţߴżҲʥĶ֣ҪʥҪģǷ۷壬ңһķ۷塣
ߴŵĿͳ죬ʥǰûжٵֿأУʥܺͷۼһ¡
ǿʵ⣬ҪʥҪ׵ĳԵҳϡ
Ը룬ǳΪ˿䣬ôܼʥ˷
ٺ٣Ҳһ˵
һ⣬ܿȻˣûĲ
ڵ˷׷ɢȥΪʧߣҲԸ￴Щֺ

΢Ӧһֵˣ˶һ
󶯸ɸֵ꣬ô󶯾Ϊʲôǵõ㹻Ļ֣һĶ
յĴڣֻзһˣûæŶһ
һսеҲʧ
ջö˵һʮ֣ռ벻õ˵ȫһɸƵ漣
ڻҲ
̨Ϊ̫ߵˣϵ͵µ׼
һ£ʥɴ½ȻǳӣӦģҲᾡȥ
һ׵ˣǺѱεġ
ĪǱߣй¶˶٣ֻǵӰ죬ҪٹһʱŻˡ
ʥɴ½Ҫ¾Ĳ飬ܲ鵽һЩ˿ġ
ʱӦò̫⣬ҲҪδѣ̫áȷţܸ۵ĳλۼ޵ļ֤ڣʱ䣬ỳˣԲ鵽ڻƻĳ
ʱһͲ˵ˡ
ҡҡͷԺҵ˼׿ǰ
һʮ֣㹻ܶˡ
ҪݣҪʮ֣һڲ򣬻ʥɴ½ľ衣
ϣҲü򡣡
侲֪ڵѾ˵۾±ӵľ衣
ʥɴ½ɣ򣬿߲
ɲΪԼһϸڣʥɴ½ĸ߲㡣
ȶһʱ䣬ȥĦƬɡܿ죬˾
ĦƬǺһ£ҲǸճΪ֮˵ѡ֮һңҲһ֣׼Ӵ˵صĸоĿǰѵѡ


1784 ѡ
ڷҪ󣬿յĴڣֻ¶ʮӰÿһӰһִƬ
ʮߡ
ӰľǶʮߣҲǷܿģʥɴ½ûرĴƬͲö֪ˣڵݣҲӴ
ʮִƬŶʮλʥͻħ
ĿȥԼʮִƬģд󲿷ֵƬǱŨĻƣζţǻħĴƬ
ĴƬҲһ飬ĴͬħĴƬԷ˵û̫壬ʹҪοĦЧɽ֮ʯԹҲ󼰵ġ
ֲǻƻ壬ԴԻħ
ĿͣĴӻħĴƬɨʣĴƬʥ
ʥĴƬ٣ֻ֡
һУеһִƬ˹ڷǰǳųҫ۵Ĺԡ
ǳϣԿִƬĻϢ
ڣһλʥΪͺʮǰ䡭ȡϢвһ
ʮ䣬ֻ֣ûзţ÷뵽ˣ翪ٵǶʱڡ
һʥзţȻտٵǶʱڣȴûһ˵
ʱΧŵǿУӢܷսʷԻ͵ʱҲǵǿʱͬģΪҵʱ
նĳڣ˵ϵʥˡ
ͺʥ޲µ֮𣬾ھ֮ϣȻǸȴϢȥûж¼
ĳºʣƲģʱûʮ󶥼˵
̾Ϣһ
ЩʥĴƬ棬Ǹģռ
ϣִƬ翪ʱʥû
£ڻƻĹĥУӦͳˣ˵ʥɴ½õϾʥɴ½ĴԶԶûǰԶҲշתãӻ߱жȡ
ִƬڳ˲һġ
ڵؽ硭ִƬϢһȻǵؽʥ
ϸ˿ʱ䣬Ȼ
ӦڣԵǳսʱħ֣ߵʥҲǳ˫Ե˾ս֪ٴķ顭ȥԵ˽Ҳ֪һս
ȻȲտʱǰңȴҲжλʥ䡣
ûǴĻؽӦûôһҪôǹȥʱ̫ˣ˥ܣ˳УҪôǣûнԼš
ؽжʮ죬Ⲣζţؽֻжʮλʥ
еֹһλʥҲеʥûнԼ߾ʥ䣬ûʥ˥䡣
ؽڵĶʮ죬ҪôʥڣҪôʥȻʵȴҲʥСȻ֮С
һĵޱȣô׾˥ܹġ
죬Ҳ֪ôһߣؽʷϣûôһ
΢΢ҡͷ˵ؽ磬ٵҲ١
һһִƬܿȡϢ
޺Ԫ磬ǰ䡭룺ǰƺһƽʢ˲ʥ
翪ߴλƽʢÿһλƽʢвʥճһۣ֮Ҳʥļ¼޺Ӧþһλ
ˡǰĴƬ
Ȼǣȫʥ
˵ģ翪ʱʥԶֹ֣ʥɴ½ȻǻƻǿƻȻǳС
ҪõʥʬǺʹƬҪԵɺϡ
ңһܱ˵õʬǺʹƬսʥپյʥ㹻׼Լ׹ǺȻγɴ½ȻʱĥУ׵ɢ
ʥɴ½ܵõʥĴƬѾǷǳˡ
ִƬѡ
ûôԥϾ˾

Ψһһؽʥϵ뷽һǵޣߵǾת·ӣĦĴƬԷ
ѡ֮󣬷ϵĻ֣ʱ۳ͬʱһâϣעȥ
ͿǰƬ֮أĦա


1785 ĦƬ
ѡ˴Ƭ󣬷û뿪
һУǶʮֱӵħƬ׷׷˹ڷǰ
֮ôҲܼ򵥣Ϊ˸õİݣݡ
ʲôһʥɴ½֮ıϣҲ˵Դʥɴ½
ɴ½ЩʮطۣΪ˸һϧ׵ĸıԴ
أָúȥδӡ
Դʥɴ½Ҳ˵δĳɳռ÷ǳСͣǰ
ǣԸĻͥѧԪ۵ˣ׸ı
ǣҺһΪһ֮ɨŵĽͻᱻϡš
κˣ
Ͼڵʵ԰ʥɴ½󲿷ַ۷壬ͷʱĵزܲɽδ֪
ʱڵ̬Ӧԥ
ҪҪͷȡδĳɳռ䣬Ҫóһۣͱ࿴飬ЩƬûӦʬǣû̺ʺҵ淨ϵȵȣӶ
ƽ
ѡĴƬ̫˵ȥˣ˵֮ǰģħʬǣҲ͸һ֣ħĸоǶʮħƬ̫
ĿڶʮִƬɨܿ죬е֣˻֡
ϻִѣںġ
һҵıӦйоأɡ
߳˶һžͣĸƬĴ֮ء
פصĴ͹㳡еһ
Ǹɨŵ䡣
֣͹㳡ˣ׷ͶηĿ⣬һս÷׳ˡ
ߣʲô˲ģǳʥɴ½ǰ·Ѿˡ˵һ֪Ǳɨˣķڲ
ȻûжϿһ˵ǡ
˵ˣҲʹǰ·ѾƾڵʵҲ԰ʥɴ½
ܳΪ۷ģжˡ
˵Ŀ⣬ȫӣڴһâһʧˡ
ţ
ͽ󣬷ע⵽Լһƽ̨ϣΧһˡ
ƽ̨Χޱ޼ʵͷҲ
ǻңĦĵطȻ֮ʱȻҪ徻ÿ˴ͽ󣬶ӵһ˽ƽ̨
ƽ̨룬һԲ˹ȥƷ棬ӰִƬָһѡȡ˴ĴƬ
~
ƽ̨һ𶯣ŷ
֪˶ãͻȻǰһֻޱ߼ʵ֮Уһǳֳųɹâ
Ƭ
ǵһΣۿƬˣոγɵɴ½ϣħĴƬУҫޱȡ
ȻϾͬĦħĴƬԷûж棬ⲻ˶١
ʥĴƬͲһˣ䣬⻹ǵؽʥ
·һĺ鼮ֺǺƵʱⳤӣڷǰ˷ĪĴ
ʱʱ¶ЦݣżüͷԴƬΪռ
׳˽ȥ磬֮ܵ˼Ĵ̼ʼ׳ɳ
޴ǳΧŲƽֲ̨ȴǿûһۣȫȫĳڹĦƬ֮С
ʱš
һ죬ӳоѣĿȥʱµƽ̨ԶƬķȥ
ʱ䵽𣿡Ȼʧ֪䣬Ѿȥһ졣
鿴÷ϲǣ֮Ѿֹͣ˳ɳǰȴǳɳһء
Ҫ֮ɳȡںܶ෽棬ϣǴﵽļˡ
ĦƬʤꡣ
ȥħĴƬϷȫףŽƽ̨һħĴƬȥ
ȵĿĵغ󣬷
û˷ʱ䣬ĦħĴƬãһ죬ȥߴݼĴƬУ򵽵ĲʺԼųʺ£Լ֮
ʱ䣬
ֹһ죬׼ǰһִƬ֮ʱͻȻһ𣬽ӵһϢ
һϢܸ۵ˣλӡ
ݺܼ򵥣÷ȥһˣҪ̡
ʲô£üͷ΢壬Լݱ¶ˣͽץˡ
תȴûκͷҲҵ飬ȡƣŹâһ˳ƽ̨


1786 ʥĴ
ˡ
һ̾Ϳ֡
ֱǷӷָɣֻڰǰľһս󣬷׼ĦƬչʱڲҪ˴·Ǿͻ
ΣҪĵطܸۣ·Ҳ֮١
ˣֹ
ǰȣ̬ȣѾ֮𣬶ԷҲȫģΪ֮
ҲȻģھкɨţִͷβºҲǶԷͶء
ֵĴ£˴͹㳡ʹеһ뿪˾פء
âһ˳һԶܸ۸Ӵΰ֮УĿڴ½֮ϵʥ
ʥǡĿ΢
ʥɴ½ͳģλڴ½ش۵λԶܸ֮ϡ
ڱ棬ȴʮֵƽϾνʥΰǿҲԶԶ޷ʹ˵صĵȣǷڰݵģȴǻƻıϡ
һ߹ۿΧľв֮ɫһֵĴ£ǰĿĵء
ǵһʥǣȻǡ
ûܸۣʥǣһλĹȺУλۼޡ
ˡһ
ˡӵ˵ͷʾⷽվһԡ
ڣӺͷ⣬һЩˣİףǵװӦöˡ
Ľϳ٣Ӧòʶǰɣҽһ¡һָļˣĴͳ䣬λͳ죬ǿ䡭
ָˣһһ˽ܣڳˣ˷⣬Ȼʶ
һλͳ죬λͳ죬Լλ䡣
λܸ۵ͳû⣬Ķһá
ˣҲкλռ벻õĿ䣬ǶԵ÷ǳѺãҲϾǰɨţҲɡ
ڵЩأҲû໰˺󣬾ͱ졣
Ȼ֪˵ĿģộҲͲС¡
һ˵ע⣬ӿڣΪһغʥɴ½ʢ˥Ĵ¡
Ŀɨ˶¶֮ɫ
֪ʥɴ½ܷչĹģΪƻǿʹǴǿߣҲСĪĹϵ
˵ûл棬ûʥɴ½
ˣܻжôΣգʥɴ½Ի̽ûֹͣÿʮ꣬ǻ֯һģж
һΣʮ֮ڡ
ͳ
͵һ𣬾Ȼǻ档
ԺתѸ侲жϳⲻʲôıƣʥɴ½һĲԡ
ϸĻҲ⡣
񾺼еĻħʯԻ棬ƾ˲ʥɴ½˵õĶٳɳ
δ֪ģӦûв١
£ͷʥɴ½ô÷Ź֯̽ҲӦ֮⡣
ûκɫȻ֪顣
ˣԸɡ乧
ĵ˵ͷʮһڵĴģжʥɴ½ޱӣȻҪһЩǿߣȻ½ܶˣֶֻǿ߲롣
ʵСģȥ˻Ҳ
˴Σ䵽ͷϵģ˭Ըµģ
̽棬û֪ʲôʥɴ½㳲ڱ֤½ȫǰ£֡
ֻз۷壬ӵз۷ʵģвμӵʸ񡣡Ȼ
۷£ûвʸ
ػܸûͳ죬ʮѡȡˡ
ûӦ
˭֪Ī⣬߾һ
ˣԸǰƬ̵ĳĬǰһ
áοӦʡ
ͳλͳͿ֮ϣǵλʵڷۼޡ
ּĴײ֣ǰɨţҲûκһλͳ졣
ˡĿɨˣûվֱӵݣȥ
ȺУһһ£¶־֮ɫӽе֣ҷֻӲͷƤӦ
һӵĿɨһȦ˷ϣʵ֮Ҳ˿Ҳȥɡ
ԣ˵߶ۼڷϣҡֻ
ǡƽ


1787 ׼
ѵ֪浽жΣգ
ƽģڵ˶¶֮ɫ
˵Ȼ񣬿ˣǵһΣԷ˽⣬Ҳڱ棬Լǰɨһսģһ֪
Ǹ벻ףôġ
Ǽʱ̫̣ʥɴ½ͻ˽̫٣֪Żηв²ţҲĽͣϾʥɴ½ʱ̫ˣŰѣʥɴ½ûйٵطЩˡ
΢̾
ϣûжһﵽжΣգȷʵ֪֮٣ǣ鸮µĻж˾棬˲ҪȥѰжΣգٻܲ²ĳ
Ȼʥɴ½ҲԻϸȤⲻζŷһȥ
з֣ʵ̫ΣգԶǷҲѰ·ðս룬ǻѡ
Ȼƻϲϱ仯
Ҳû뵽ʥɴ½ʮһڵĴʵ̫ͣӴĲ棬﷽ûеõؼϢ޴׼ֱӵ£ûоܾأһֻѡܣҺãҲһ׼ھ
ʮѡˣƫƫѡңʥɴ½һǺܲġ΢΢ҡͷ
ôɱȻԵʡ
ʵǿȷʵ٣ڳʮУҲλͳ⣬ⲻѡıȻɡ
²⣬Ӧʥɴ½޷ĳβ㣬Żѡһж֮С
ǰܸ۵ԣҲһӰڡ
ټϷɨţ׬ȡ˴֣ʹͬʱҲš
ؼѡҲһ㶼ˡ
ˣȻҪȥ棬϶Ҫ׼֪ʥɴ½Щˣûиʲôҡҡͷǧͷ˦ԺϷӡ
Ȼ̽棬Ϊջ񣬶϶ôӺԥĵͷزɷϣ޳ṩһУʥɴ½ĺôڶһʱ򣬻۵Żݡ
۰ҲǲŻˣ˵ͷ
;ûѯʣȻ֪ݡ
ˣȻûʵĻǾȥɣ׼һϣ˶顣΢Ц˵
˺ܿȥ
û᷽;ݣ뿪ȴһ
˶ǱѡеĵùȻŹͬ⡣
ߣʲô飬ܻŻǲеĴˡʥǵĽֵϣɫ
ڹڣ˵ʱȴǷй˳
Ȼ
˭ǿ䣬ǵϵʱӳȥй󣬾̾˿
͵ϵչǲͬģб𣬱ѡеˣ䣬˶ǿ䡣
ͳ첻Ҫ𣿡ȵ
Цһôͳ죬ôܺһ۵λԶǣڻʱ򣬾ױڻңǾûǴˡ
һվ¾ǳ˵⣬ĿΪ޻˵Ͼ˼ҵϵվ˳ǻʲôܾɡ
Թڷ£ۻͿ
ףΪͳ죬ȷʵûбҪô
ˣ˵һҪȥ׼һߣ˭Ҿĳ˵ڻҡݵ˵һ䣬Ȼû̫ĵȤ˷Ҵȥ
λˣ֮ҼΪ䣬Ϊ˽ɡʧЦڶҲǿ˶ԷĴ㣬ѳɶ֣Ƿɱʥɴ½ı䲻ʲô
һꡣ
ҵ飬ʥǴʹֱӴͻ˾פء
ǹĶһˡ
һӰڷǰֳ鼮ģ
棬ȷʵΣأʥɴ½ĵλҲпܱڻĿǣҲû
ȣȾĲĻϣ˽˽⵽һУһ
Σʥɴ½ЩˣڻڣҲǹԮܽʦ֣кξ塣
棬ʥɴ½ЩˣȷʵֵһᣬȻҲϣãϡ
֪֪ˣսǲʡˡĿ⣬ӹһ鼮գɢҫ۹â۰ֵ鼮ϣʥɴ½֮֡


1788 
ԭ۰ּ֣ʮ
ڶһƵƷҲ鼮ûԥָһϵĻ֣˲ٵһء
Ȿɢҫ۹â鼮ҲתʵĳڷǰһӰ
ţ
̽ոץסⱾ鼮Ȼһɿֲѹ٣ҲǲĿڣԼԡ
ҷġݣй¶ˡ
һ˵꣬ǹɿֲѹҲʧǴûгֹƵģ˼˹
ҪĶ鼮ݣͱŴģй¶ȥҲΪ˱ϣߵ档
侲һ룬ҲȻġ
й¶˵ĻֻҪһ˶һø֪ݡ
ҡҡͷĿȥ´Ժе鼮ͻػΪһâ뷽ڣţ͸оԺгѶϢ
档۾ݡ
鼮ߣʥɴ½ĴߣΪʥ֮棬ҲǺʥԭ͡
ǻƻĪĵط½룬߼ʵĹ½޾󺣣ŻĽأҲһ硭
ǻ磬Ҳ磬ƴһ
ʥ֮棬ԭǻƻڣһͨʮطۣǸʱ򣬻ƻڵԶûľڱͻӰš
ʱĻƻ籾ϣǿߣϵǲҲԶǰǿǿߣΪƻ籾ϵĿɽ;ǣʥ֮ڵɴ½Σͷλ·ǿȡ
λǿߣĿľǰ棬ʥ֮滳ű˼ˣΪǴ·ӶԵɺ̤˻档
ڵ磬ʥ֮𾪲ѣûãλǿΪֿ֮ʥ֮ڻڴš
һգʥ֮һİȣ𾪵ǣУȻʥͥͽ
ŵʥôܡɻһ¶֮ɫæȥ
ͷһʥ֮ҲͬɻƻʥͻħĹأôܻлŵʥһð䡣
ǣʥ֮ǰλʥĵǣ޷ŵǣһŵʥ١
Ȼţʥ֮渣飬̰λʥ£Ϊһλͽ
лŵʥָ㣬ʥ֮޷ļʵԼٶţͬʱ֪УԴҲ˱仯
ʥ֮ʣͼߣͻͽ£ģҲΪʥ£ΪĿĵӣŬҲʥӣΪ״ӣһɳ졣
Ȼһνȡʦʱʥ֮뿪ȣôҲĵص㣬Ҫȥȷǲ˴ʱȴ֣ʧˣȡ֮ģ󺣡
ʵʥ֮ҪɣԼǲһΡ
֮ʥ֮ĴţһΣУǱֵӳ˻档
ӻʥ֮ص˼磬ǣǣıѾռɴ½ģһȺ顣
֪ʥ֮ڻڣͣʮ꣬׺ɣ±ǨѾûյӰӡ
ʥ֮汩ŭ£ռݼı龡Զ磬ս˽յʥɴ½ʱȻǷ۷塣
ڶν棬ʥɴ½ȶ֮ʵĳͣͣʥ֮¶ģıһ֮ء
һΣȻûҵеȣھðպʥ֮һ磬ʶһɵӣͶܿΪĪ֮һ𴳵磬һɱС
֮ʱӵʵԶʥ֮棬ȴ޷ٶȳɳһݺ޵У޵֣գʥ֮ۼ֤λ޵ͻƼޣλ
ŶԷ߹֮·
ݣʱʥ֮飬ӳɾʥ֮ʣ£ʵͣ͵ʥ֮濪ʼ˽
ع֮ʱȻǷۼޡ
ʥɴ½ҲʼѸ׳𽥳Ϊ˻ƻǿεĻ֮ãɾʥ֮ʥɴ½ĺպ
һ֮Ȼĺʥ֮ƮȻȥʼ˵λ֮á
ǣԺҲûл䲻
鼮ϸʥ֮λ֮ãԼԻ֪ҪעĵطͶԺ˵ĸ롣
Ƭ̺󣬷ϣ˳ȻȻŨŨ֮ɫ


1789 
棬Ȼôһڣ˷
л֣²⣬ΪȻʥйأĶʥ֮µǰǻɣڻܾʥ߻ħĳ
ֻ¶һ롣
ȷʵʥħ죬ֱӵϵʥ֮ļУţڹ½磬һʥħĳɣγһ޷֮ء
¶ˣȴûȫ¶ԡ
ʥ졭ƻ粻ãĿһʥĳǼ¡
νʥ죬ӡڴ֮еʥӡǣڻƻ磬ɴ½ǹʱ֣λʥĺۼʱţƻĹĥӡͺۼҲὥʧճ
ǵõʱĳʥ£·ʷĻŹȥ顣
ĸоڿһʷһۿߵݣʵϣ޷ʥչֳĳκӰ죬ʱȥʱ⣬޷ı䡣
ˣʹ͵ಫλɽ֮ϡ֮ʥȴûκβһʱУûз˵ĳ֣վλʥǰҲ㽻
ɴ½ϵʥ죬ħ죬ӦҲһ
ǣڣȴһ
ƻڣлŵʥʥͻħĹأޱȷһ㣬ʥ֮濴ʥǹʱ⣬ʥչֳĳ
ɴ½ͬǣʥ֮ʥ죬˽Գɳ
ʥ£֤֮·Щʥ֮涼˽ȥ棬˵ûλ֮ãûʥ֮棬ûʥɴ½
ǣ˼顣ޱȡ
ʥ֮ʥµľ⣬ǣڶλ֮ã֤֮·һλʥϵλľȴ÷ޱȵ
磬Ѿûеµʥˣܼ֤һĻ
һޱǿĴڣʱ߳ʻĳ䣬֮ս֮Ǻε¡
ѹ֣ǿڣҲҪ档
ʥ֮棬Ҳһˣ˾˵˰ип
ݹʥ֮ľò˵һ漣ǰʥ£ʵͻͽһλʥʶ֤֮·ľʹǶһ޶ҲǼ亱ġ
ͬʱҲʶˣ浽жΣա
ģʥͻħ񻹺СʱĳҲͰˣǺڣɾʥͻħ֮󣬾ޱΣˣұ룬һʥսǸڵϦ֮䡣
ʥ֮ζųˡ
ڵ鷢ܴ׳ʥɴ½β̽Ŀġ
Ҳע⵽жܴģһλ֮ãʥ֮ʥȻ߳һ̣ǼλӰֱʧ
ʥ֮²⣬ΪǼţܳݣֻѾʧʱ֮еĶܴ档
ԭʥ֮ϣЩʶó׼
нʮ֣˷ˡơ
һȥ棬ܽΣǲٻˣЩûκ壬绨ӦڵΣա
Ҳܶһˡ΢һӰڷǰ
ʯ
ݵƷǰǣڣȴûǸҪˣʥɴ½ҲںܷǲĿ䣬˳
ʱţһʱܿȥ
һգܸۣͨҲǼ֮ء
ǿѹܸţʱۼܸڵԶԶ
Ų˽ȥһĿʱͶ
Ƿ
λɨŵ䣿
ЩĿѺõģȻǳŵˡ
ƽĿɨȫܿҵ;ݣ˹ȥڵһԱ
ڣ˰ԼĹۼţˣҲ۷ʵܼʮ֮ࡣ
ǰ棬ӲģɢſֲϢķۼޡ
̽棬ʥɴ½ʮһεĴС߱ȻǷۼޡ
λۼ֮£Ⱥ֮ˣΧûһ˸ҿȥĿҲǳ˾η
ʥüͷһ壬ʥҲ
ʥɴ½ľģɴ˿ɼһߡ
ţȻˣĿƫƧվŵļˡ
ʥɴ½ĴǿҲ˽
ûĥʱ䣬һҲִΪ׵һۼվ˳ϵ
Ѿˣɡ


1790 ִ
ܸۡ
һ޴ޱȵۣ᲻ɴݵĸǱͣĸۿڻʻ
ۣоŲ֮ߣվһ䷿ڣĿͶıǺ۵ĺ󷽣ܸ𽥱СΪʥɴ½ϲ۵һС֣ģʥɴ½ǱСʧ۽磬ΨһܿģֻǺı־Խʥˡ
ڳˡջĿ⣬³һڳ
֪ЩˣǺתȻ˽һǰǿߣֻ࣬ˣȴǷۼޣǷ۷塣
ˣδݵĻ棬ҲԵĴ硣
޷϶Уûǳģܸڣû¶ǿҵĵ⡣
׷ɱҵˣҪǰˡ
汾ΣأĻϲڲ࣬ΣȻ
Ҳ˵Ҷˣʥɴ½ʱ̫ˣ˽⵽̫١΢΢ҡͷĿǰ£޷׼ȷжϡ
˻ᣬ΢߳Լķ䣬˾ݵǰ
ĵæţӭ˽ȥ
ݺͷһʥɴ½ˣһߣڵɴ½ٻֻܴ֮˼ʥɴ½ΪĿ䡣
ʥɴ½ûжٵ̺͸һΣҲӵӳ
ھһǱѡеĵù֮ҲŸĹͬԡ
Խ̸˼䣬ܿ죬ͽϡ
˵߸ǿߣҵ֪ݵ˵ͷαѡк˺ܶ׼Ҳ˲˴֪һЩ
֮˲μӣΪյ֪ʶʥϡ
ʥɴ½ʱգչԶڷϢҲǷܱȵġ
ڻҲһһЩϣӦ˽⡣
ʥҪʲôȷϣһλʥ˭ǣҪġ
Ȼȫ˾ݵ˼
棬һʥͻħγɵɵġ
磬һģһԭ㣬Ҳ˵һǣɴ½ʥ죬Ǿλӡ
һʥĳӵĹʷƬΡ
ֻҪҵǣ͵סʷķչ磬ǽǣܺͼıʩȥ
ʥ֮µУ꾡İ취ȥжǡ
Ȼٺõİ취ҲȲһʼ֪
ǿߵɣʥɴ½Ͼڻƻ磬ķչʷ˽̶ԶԶˡ
ѹ֡Ȼ
ˣȻ˳׼˵һϳ˭Ҳ˼ְգ˷ա
Ҳܹڴ⣬˵׷ɱҵˣ档Ҳûȫи
ˣڣӦħݻɵɡͻȻ
ƻڣĻħԶʥЩͻƻˣҪ˽ħʷ졣
ΪСˡ𣿡Цһ
һ㶣˹΢΢ͷ
֮γ̶ȣܺʥɴ½ǿ֮ȣܾסܸۣҪǱʥɴ½⵽ɱ
ҪҲ
Ǻ֮иʻţǿϢܣǺı֮Ψֲĸҿ͵Ϯ
ʥɴ½쳣ңԶ
һº
۵ٶȻţһ
壿Ի쳣УڸղţһЩۣȴûʲô춯ۺָܿƽ
ʥɴ½Ļ壿
ѡۣҲǹˡ
л壬ìܳͻģЩδйĻ壬͸ˡ
۾֮С
նѾ˼ޣ󣬳Ǿͻƣ򣬲ʱĽ
ʱ䣬ڶŽԼһ硭
ɴ½֮䣬ʩչһƤëȴҲû࣬ҲʩչǾ춯صһ
ʱţ֮У֪˶ã۵ٶѸ½ͣ
棬ˡ


1791
ڷˣǰ֮ʱܸҲӭһ
Ǻһ˻֣ңңŷٵĸۿڣûȥƺڵȴʲô
ûеȴãܸ۷򣬷Ӱһ˾ήңȻǱͳץѹӣҲǵܸڶԷУΨһҴߡ
λˣлȡɵǰ鸴ӣимҲ
ܸѹֻҪϸۣܽġ
Ͼʥɴ½ҲԸ޶УӳҲһצҲء
֮У䣬֮ԭӣüͷš
꣬׷ʲô¡ԭͳ
ʻΧУȴûжٲ֮ɫⲻǣԭʵǿҲνƻ磬׷ɱУǿһ죬Ȼʸˡ
Ϊ˶ɱλۣδնǿߣһЩеʥЭ飬Ž
ܽ˻ƻЩʥҲ׷ɳֽ׷ɱ
۶Էӳ̶ȲͬɳҲǿڶУʵǿҲռɢʱ򻹺ãھۼȻΪ
ԭŽĴ
Žʮ󶥼֮һǹŽеһʥλǴٳʥЭԭĵͽ
˲֪ǣһݣԭֻ֮ĺĵ֮һҲֻ̨Ͻ֮ˣǰԭļɵΪ˵ǫֻ̃ͱǲ
ӣȻ֪ԭݺ͵λⲻκγɣشˣ
ӽܸ۵飬ԭԭ˵һ飬ûǰûпնɱǿеĳУǵó˷еؽֵĽۡ
ؽԮ֣ԭüͷ壬ò˵һϢ
Ĳ²⣬ƾʵݡʱһƮԴ˵ˣ֮УӰ
Ʈ񾳵ǿֻۣ֪ĺ
Ʈ֮Էĺ⣬ʿ֪ɳ֣֮һĺĻȨԭ١
ԭ˵ͷӵĲ²⣬δؾʵ
λǻǽΪãŪʵȺǰһ״ء
ˣͷĶԹҲǼʹƻ֣Ʈ١
һոսķۺڣбҪôӣһΪȻȺ
⻰һ˶ǰԵͷ
Ǵ󶯸ɸ꣬ɳ׷ɱΪƻ籾ӴԼ뱣֤Լİȫڷȴûж⡣
Ҫ֪ЩУۺڽǵף۷ڣۼޣҲûС
ǿ˵һˣʹеؽԮ֣ǺΡ
ǣǧҪС˷֮Զġ״ǰҽӵһϢǴ洫ġ
ϢǣһλۼޱɱˣڽᣬλۼޣǱҰУ˳׷ɱ
״󺺵飬ޱȵأǵãԼӵϢʱŵ顣
ʲôۼޱɱˣȻʧɫ
ۼǺεǿ󣬼ʹƻ磬ҲǼģΣգв˴ڡ
㻳λۼ޵䣬ͷйأԭĿһ
λǰᣬڻ֮Уͨ쳣ļѣֻȷϣ뷽йأΣͲö֪ˡ״Ҳ
ǽķۼޣΪ̫ؾڵĶ磬ȻҲڡ
һЩطʹ䣬ҲնɱȴǱᱣٻء
ȻһҪȴ֪Ǻˡ
״ôһ˵ղŻӵˣȫ죬оǺɫ
ܳ嶯ˣܸٴۣܸ۴ڷһϸڡԭ³һ˾κˡ
պ󣬸Ϣˣܸ۹
ϢһǣʵѾǿ޷ĵز۷嶼նɱԭɫޱѿ޷⣬ʵΪλô졣
𾪵ɫԭڶǣȥ˻档
֪ǺѽһʵҪҪ׷ɱҲϤ㡣ԭ죬ǰ档
ߣĻˣĳɳʵ̫£һ仰ԭû˵
ò˵ȷʵҡˡ
ķѾԸСһԾΪǴ˶󼰵Ŀ´ڡ


1792 
һҵһѡ˳оͰ״Ϊ׵졣
Ȼ޲ýʬΣǣ״Ҳ֪֮
ʥ٣ȻȴԶܸȣʥ֮ĵ̲㡣
ҪǣѾһλۼˣؼġ
ǿ죬ҲֻôһλۼްˣᱣһȴҲ˼ΪصĴۣҲٻָɹۡ
ôĴۣѾĳܼޣ˵ӴϢնɱ۷ʵûƾЩ۷壬ȥֵ
״󺺳ȻҲǷڻƻڵ׷ɱԷľ磬ڻƻ̫ͣã뱻ų⣬ԶʧȥɾʥĿܣ棬ҪԸ׵Ķࡣ
Ҳѡ˳˵ɡ
Ϊʲôƻ磬ηƻ磬ʥ޷̤㣬ǵĳʵ̫
ǡԭȰ衣
ĳ״󺺵Ѿٳʧˣķǰܶ˶ڻ졣
Ȼˣʲô˵ģѵȥ
Ŀ״󺺵ȥڳˣֻԭķ֮һȴһⶼǿߣҲǷ۷塣
Ʈ񾳣û뿪
ǲ죬ش죬ܶԸ
ߣĿ⣬ɳռ䣬޴ΪӻƻȥʥǰԱοǡԭЦһ
⡭ǲ̫߹ˣ˳ɵ
Ҫ˼άȥⷽǿǵ÷۵ŵüˣ
ƻǰŶʵأżꡣ
ԭ
ۼֻ̨֤ϴ漣ˣӵᡣ
ȷʵܷηɳȥĺ翵Ϣ˶𡰷ǿΪÿһŽصĺ֢ʩչΣǴģʥɴ½սΪƾ
Ҳ˵۷״̬£ȷʵܻɱ۷壬ȴ־ãұȻǿҺ֢ҪԸǺ׵ģ²˳٣ԽҵԽã˭Ҳ֪һʱֻͻơ
ĺ͸ŨŨľ£ȻҲĿ³ɳŵˡ
޷һγɳȥջǿ󵽺̶ֳȣԣͬԭĹ۵㡣
ȥĻ棬˵쳣£ҲҪó׼ԭ
ΪԵʣŽĻƻ磬ĪĻ棬Ȼ֪֮١
ʥɴ½꾡ϣңǻб
һٻһλۼޣڻƻ硣ԭ
һ취ϵΰĺҲ
һ˺ܿ˾һ߸棬һ߾ܵѰڻϡ

ȫͣ
ǾǻڣĿȥֻڰǺһ޴ѺۺȻ֣Ǻ˺
صĹѺ۴˿
ֻҪһѺۣܽ棬뵽ǹ½硣
ϵ˷׷׷ɳûе飬ҲԼķ߳뵽ʥɴ½ȺУȥۡ
ݴ˹ͷվһ
档ǵѺۣݵУ־
塣ĿȺɨҵǼλ;ϵĻ塣
ǵڻ֮У˿ǵȻЩҲżߵľ衣
˵Ϊǣ˫ȻŸԵĴģչʥɴ½˶ڣҪΥԼҲǲܵ顣΢΢ͷǵľ裬Щ⡣
δжʥɴ½ɳλۼޣһλ׷ԲԵһ죬ӴžȷѺۡ
߰ɡ
Ⱥ׷׸ϣʾһ¾ݣҲ
Ѻ۵ʱ򣬷һֿޣһĸо
Ŀޱ޼ʵĹͷ
Χһĳţûκļ󣬳ʥɴ½ˣҲ˲
ǿϣٲҲкɣȶ
ڹУ֪˶ãͻȻһ̤ΧĻ췭ظı仯̤һƬȵɳĮ֮С
ͷȥﻹܿκι˵ȻĴɳĮ
Ǿƾճ֡
ʥħĳˡһ׷ʲô


1793 Ȼֹ
ҲҪţ˻档
λ׷ԲԵķۼ޳øոս˵أԵЩҵ˰
Ūһλʥħγɵ磬ҵǡ
һɵķ
ʥħ죬ʥħĴӡʥħһУ޾ʱ;ܱڴ֮Уγɻ쳡ģȴ޲ǣʥħ˵ΪҪ¡
ͱ磬ɴ½ʥ죬λʥ˵һصĴ£ӰŻγɻ쳡
еĻ쳡޲ˣ֣ͨͨ޲¡
ȻͬĻ쳡ҲеĲͬеĴԼǿһֱܷһʱֿһλʥħľ
еȴûôףҪ磬ѼϢжϡ
ǰ磬ںߡ
ʥɴ½磬һûڶʱжϡ
ݣߵǰ
ڳˣǰŲͬжˣȻҲ⡣
ûзԡ
ս棬׼жŴ󲿶һ𣬾ܵ˽
Ĵ£˳Ŷȥ
磬ӦԴһλʥһ߷ţһ߹۲ܣԼжϡ
磬Ǻжϵģǰ磬Ȼλ硣
ңһƽ磬ĻӦòʲôս
ֻ磬ǺܰȫģγʥȻʱʵСԶûнӴߵĲ档
ûá̲ס˿һΣޱȵĻ磬ǲѡ
磬˵ûκвҲֿжɡһ˵
ֵ󣬷һˣѡһȥ
Ӧһĳţ硣Ȼδȥ磬ÿ綼Լص㣬Ҫֱѡ
ʥڶ硣
ؼ䣬ΪԪ֮ˣĪĺôԷ˵ͲǺˣҵּƵĻų⣬ǻ𣬲ŻΣ
С
ԼԸ˺򣬷ۺڵĿֲѹһС˵ĩգ˲ʬҰ
СģɱǣԶδɳʥͻܵķɣϾʥ
ֺԸȥԣǿַ¶һ
ţСǰһǣ˿ڳܣ룬Уһֵľ¥
͹СڵĹд
΢΢ͷһ˳ʱС۾
ͨеǮңȻǽʵ΢ˣǰʥɴ½ľפأǮҶһһЩ
л͹٣ʲô¾ܷԸСЦ˻
ţ㣬ʲô鷢ֻ˵ʲôݺšʵ
͹٣ǸСطҪ˵ʲôšСҵϲ˵
ȻĻû˵꣬ɫ͵һ䣬ΧȻ췭ظı仯ǰһɫĻѸٵȥСտʼʮžԽԽʧڷǰ
ΧһУֵӵľ¥ȫʧֳڽǰĹ֮С
ûκ練ɵļǣˣһ㶣׹
磬ˡ
ʥμ䣬ǳĶݣγɵĻ磬ҲһȻֹ
ûˣʱҵǣϳһλʥ
λʥʲôĵĴ£֪
ʥɴ½˷׷׳Χ϶ȻȻЩӦ
һڷУͻȻ˻磬һ׶ûСҡҡͷ
ţҲࡣ
Ҳ֪λʥʲô£ӦòȫұĲ£ǲֲܷˣڣ˱°ɡݲ²
ͷͬ
һλʥʱʮƽӹҵ䣬С÷һ𳤴İˣתͶ˻ܴ̼´һȬͿݺµ۷֮·޵һδйһܡ
˵˵ıѾǸıһĴ¡
Է˵ȴûκ塣
һûмֵĻ磬ɡʥɴ½Ϊ׵ķۼ޵ɫޱ仯
λ֮ãƵĻ磬»ᾭ٣ûʲôôСֵġ


1794 м
ʥɴ½˼ǰ
ÿһ˾ͻᱻ磬еʱմһϾͱһЩֵĹɷǳɢң˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣһ̻᲻һ硣
˶ԣЩ綼ûʲôвϾڳҲз۷ʵŵ綼ǳưһǿߣֻҪɱǣͻᰲȻ
һ磬˲档
ȻħγɵĻ磬ռ˴һ߾Ż磬Ҳһܽš
һ·Ǳʮ֮Уֻ߰˸磬ʥȫԻħԡ
Ļħ֪ԶԶʥ
磬磬ġţϸе
սһħγɵĻʱΧĻ米÷һ
λڻ֮УҪ֪ʥ磬ܵϵѹƣ󽵣ЩʮطˣԵʱ磬Ǵξ䣬Σ֪֮
Ψնݺ磬ȥ硣
Ȼնڻ֮ʱȴûŵĸоһ㲻⣬״
֮Իˣؼȡ
ڻ棬ÿһ磬ʵڵģһ㣬Ǻͻ֮ʥħ𣬿˲С
Ⲣζţսʱ򣬾ȫ˽ȥ
ոս֮ʱʵϣͺʥħ࣬УȴһˣͬڹۿһĻȥӰ
ˣڽЩ米ĻʱŽеЩʣȫڻ硣
һֱȥ
ʱţ𽥵Ĳ뵽磬֮һˣĲ˽ȥվԭأʲôҲᱻĲȥ
һΪ̽磬һʱǣ˽ĳ̶̴ȵȫĲ뵽磬ôԲ˵ͺ磬ûκˡ
ȣȡڽߵΪ̶ԽҲԽʵ
Щ米Ļ磬ȼߵĻ˵ͺ̤磬ȫһˡ
ǼΪģĺʮ
һ·ǾĻ米磬˵ҲмʮˣȴʼûжΣգΪҲű߽ġ
ջĳʱ䣬ԼСԷֳС͡͡ͺͳࡣ
Сͻ磬ΧҪ뻹Ǻ׵ģ󲿷ֵСͻ磬ʱ䶼ǳ̣룬ͻн֮ǰĻ磬Сͻ硣
ϾǻΧСͻռ˴߼ĸʺܵ͡
Խ棬ĻҲԽԽ߼ӦģΣճ̶ҲԽ

ţ
Χ仯Ӧ䣬·ж
һͻ硣һܿó˽ۡ
һ米Ļ硣
̫ߣͻԷĪвó򵥵Ľۺ󣬷ͲжĬĬȴţ
ӵȷǳԶӵģ˷õѡ񣬾Ǿ
ͻ磬˵в̶Ȼǲߵġ
ΧżһЩɹȴûп㣬ֱһɶ
ȵ͵Ľ˫λƽ磬ȵһ̶ȣǲŻĴڡ
Ȼ֣ǽֻһˡ
һмȤĻȥһ¡ѶʯͻȻ£ôһϢ
Ȼ̽ˣм
мһ
ǻǣĳͨޣʶ
˼ȤҪǣֻмǿڻ֮еģһĻ磬Է˵ȼߣҲôΣա
ĻǣӦþмҲͻƥ䡣
λСĻħ񣬷ûȤǶмŨȤ
һϢȥ󣬶Էܿ˻Ӧ
ǧ֡Էشĺܿ졣
Ȼⲻ޳ģԸܵĻֻԼ˷ʱˡ
лвٶĻ֣ԥֱӻǧ֣Էܿͽַ˹


1795 ϲ
ﵹЩԶĬһ£мλá
һͻ磬ʱ䣬ԶСͻ糤˵Ҳõģϲ
ûеʱ䣬
ŲϽӽмΧֵĻ壬ҲԽԽ࣬Щ壬еɻ磬Ҳеĳ廨ŵķвͬ
Ļ硣˼
˵֮飬ǻ壬ʵϣȴˡ
޾磬߲綼С
֮㣬ԶԶκ˵
߲磬Գһ磬һĻ壬֮𣬸ܱ֮С
Ƶӣ˭Ҳ֪޾ж١
޾磬漣֮⣬ڲΪ֪Ļڡ
ʹ޷߲Գһ磬Ҳ޷㣬ת磬ȴԲ٣岼ֲ޾硣
һֻӰ죬ЩУǧٹֵ壬Ȼͬ޻һȴȫڻеż
Щ飬ԻӦԣȻԶ壬޷ڻ磬ˣȴҪǿࡣ
һ˵ǳл磬ŷԼٻʴһ
мĽһֻ磬ҲΪӭһֵĹ˿͡
ţ
ǰһ޴ĹµڷǰǷҪҵĿꡣ
һɫ֣סµ
Ļ飬޶ãֱӴ˹ȥҲûκ״
СĿںɫϣûκ谭ĸоȵֺΧĻʱΪ֮һ䡣
޾֮Уſ񱩡ҡʴĸоڹָоȴ
ЩڷеĻ飬ڽֺ󣬶˳ʡ
ڵĻЩӰ죬Ѿ
ʹˣ棬Ҳܼһʱ䡣һ񣬾ȫ˽ʱڣҲõ֮ǣм滷޾粻֪϶١
ȵˡ
ȥ
˹µֵӭͬʱȣҲǿӡ
΢΢ʸӿ֣ȴû̫Ӱ죬ϾﲻĻ硣
ͭɳʮöԪһݣȵȵ~
ѵһľ߹·Ҫ~
˦~
У겨ţеݣԲͨ⣬ָĻ飬ֶθвͬ꽻ʱõֶΡ
ЩŽֵԵĽһǿҵļӸС
һЩ飬ŬԼƷҲһԲϣֱӴֵġ
ȻϱάмĻš
Ȼߣ壬ûʲôӦ˲Ҫ鷳
Ųڻм߶ţĶԴĲͬǶԻãԷô
õϵģ֮٣ҲδػһͨĻм֡
ĿƷǰ÷۽磬޾ʶҲǸӵ̡
۽ĿģҲмʲôջ
ȵ~ھһ̯ʱȻһ٣⣬ƺһЩ÷Ķ
װǰȥָڻ̯Ĳ˲סƷҲŷһֳ
һ¶ȣֲ̱ʸҲѸӡ
Ȼȴһ㶼⣬Χı仯ĿֱֳƷ˾κˡ
һµĳɫ񣬵̵һ飬ȥƺûʲôĵط
ѵǡ컯ˮ
ͷȻһּΪϤоӵֻ̨֮õ
Ҫ֪棬Ƿһ컯ˮ
컯ˮĽ࣬ſ淨̾ͻͻͽ֪ܽʡ
ڵķսۺڲãʱڣûпٽؼ淨ϣ淨ޱȼѣ⻹ǵ㣬£һ磬ͣʱ䣬ʵϾô츳ˣҲҪʱĳˣŻתȥ
һҪõǲ컯ˮһҪõźޱȡ
ϰ壬ЩҪˡڷ֮ǰһ겨ͻȻ


1796 ʷ
ɫ䡣
겨һ̣ȷӣԶԶ֮ǰӦģֲʵĸоҲǼ
ѵǡǡͷ𣬽ƾһ仰ȣ˴ı仯
˻ǣҲûеڶˡ
Է֮ǰȾѾﵽޣȫ磬ǻô𶯣Ҳʶʲôƫƫ֮ǰȲߡ
˴Ŀȣʱľ
ĿⲻȥֻͨͨĻ̯ǰһӰ
ӰģЩƣȻɫƤ˫ּצһ֪һλ塣
һۣٶӽȫĳ̶ȡ
ҲΪ磬ͻ磬Ҫߣ򣬼ʹԷǣҲܽƾһ仰Ͽһ̶ۣȡ
δĻħ񣬻ǡŶԷ
ڿȷţԼǡ
ţ
ͻȻתͷ˷һۣǿȻ˿̣űҷ֡
ȴ֪֮ûз֣ΪǰȲߵԵʣ˫ͬλƽ硣
һ̣硣
ǿҵĲʸӿ÷üͷ壬ȻмһӰ죬չλڻ֮УˣŲСӰġ
徯Ŀ˷һۣ漴ջĿ⣬ϰ壬ҶҪˡ
ĵ˼Ǳеĳɫ񣬺ȻС
͵һ
컯ˮһ컯ˮԭǺܿ϶²⣬Ҳк󣬷ޱȿ϶ˡ
֮ԻγɣУȻź塣
컯ˮĻȫܶӦϣҲ˵ɫ񣬾λǵıˣУ˼ΪҪá
ĺġ
ȵȣͦµģҲˣȥˡ̯Ӧǰڵ
Ϊ˲ԷĻɣָֿ˻̯ϵ
ٺٺ١̯һֻ޴ĺɫſ죬겨ǶҪܼ򵥣۸ߵá
ܼ򵥵Ĺأû顣
ʮöԪüļ۲ߡ
ʮԪ
֮ǰһ˸ֻңȻҲ޾ͨеĻԪö֮ࡣ
ˣɡʼ磬
ôɾķ÷һԭ׼ҽһȴû뵽Էɾͷˡ
⼸еĶûκʧ䣬˷ܲѡ
ģϾ׹忴еģǳɫ񣬽ԼĿģҪģǱĶ
ˣһܼ򵥵ľͷˣлң˷һᣬ˼ʹɣҲֻỳɵɫϣǱġ
ȴ֪֪䣬ȻʧȥĻԵ
Ҳʵ
ʵϣɫȷʵһ㶼ۣ֪ܣѶ࿴һۣ㣬̯Ҳóˡ
óʮöԪɫڵļ
ǲǲ
ɫֵһָ̣棬̳һϸܵѺۣҵæ˵ı仯
ʹõʱ
˫ֵͬķ
֪ߵơȥӰֻҪ֪ηĳȫһõʥͻħĻԵҲǽ֮һ
Ҳʲô
ǹȥ£ʷ޷ģڵĸı䣬ʵ磬κӰ졣
һ˳ҲǻԵɺϡ
Ŀģǳɫ񣬺߽˳ģ򣬷ҪԵҲûôס
ԵʧȥĺʧҲȻֹ
ΧĻѸȥֻص˹֮С
ô£Ȼˣ
ɶ񣬰װ׻ǧ֣һ·ϣмûһۡ
۷׷ף˶գǻ˻ַֹȴΪ̫죬мûϵ
Ծһͻ磬ôģѵ˵˸ıʷ˻ľ޴ŵǰûɵϣڳˣǰ˳׼ܿ˲µʵ
˭
²˭˾֮£ıʷ˵ףʵϣȴǧѣҪ뱸иıĿܡ


1797 
˵Ŀ⣬ȺɨţѰţ˭ıʷ˻ǰ
ԭҲûбĽͣһˡ
ǲ˼顣
Ȼ˵ǵһο
𺳲ѡ
Ҫıʷʵ̫ˣҪϣһĿܡ
֪˭˽ιȥʷһᡣ
֪ǣֲϤʷҪı䣬ͽܣ˴ˣɹ֮Ϳ֪
÷һ˵
ܸıʷҲȷʵǻԵɺϣ޷ģµġ
ȣǣҷǳɺϵģĺ¼һ㣬һ㣬λˡ
һ㣬ͽ󲿷Ҫıʷˣų⡣
ΣҲҪһ㣬壬ҪɫҪġ
ʷԼĹԣγɵĻҲ⡣
壬Ҳ˳ɫ뷽ᣬǷͻ谭ֹıʷ
ͻͻȻ֣ѹ·ļ۸ֻߣǾ̯˳ۣܷߵļۣҲִ塭
谭֣ʷϣǴδֹ
ǻʷԡ
Ҳҿ岢ɫҪǱģŸ˷ֵĻᡣ
㣬ҰĲ˵⣬Ҳʹãıʷ˿󣬽ڴ˵֮С
ʥɴ½ν棬ҲһΣıʷ
᲻Щ壬Ͼ磬ĳħǵĻ󡣡˲²ţɵĿⲻЩȥ
ߡ
ӻУһߣλ꣬ǡ
ǼˣδĻ壬һ֪
޾̫ˣ涼׺һڣ壬Ҳ˶ٵط
ѵײ˴ˣ
ʱ˿򣬵һֻмˣ飬˭˵ַųϵˣıʷˣпʣµ档
ȻҲųҲ˻мûйַ
ˡ
λͷ׵ķۼ޳Ŀɨȫ
û⻳ǡ
˵˭ıʷԼվõĶϽǱܡ
ӦҲΣأڻΧΣջǺܴ󣬵ǣǼ룬Щͻ磬ͻ÷ǳΣˣʱп䡣
ˣٺõĶҲûκ塣׷ߵ
ϽֻҪ֤ܴ棬ͱȻͣʹ㲻ˣݽͣҲ䵽йصϡ
Լúɡ
Щ˵꣬׷߾ͱ졣
µĴԣûнջȫϽݣʥɴ½Ҳô
ǣòϣ׷˵ĺе
֮ãлģȻ⼸λۼޣ˶Ŀܡ
һʲôûˡ
ϽʧΪһѡ񣬼ʹԼ䣬ĺôҲ䵽ϣŵǲ˻ɵġ
˳Ĭȴıʷ˵ķӦ
Ͻ
Цһ컯ˮ϶ѾõˣҲ˵ǿԴϽôܡ
Ƭ̣Ҳûվ׷ĿҲٷϻһͻ磬δػʲôֵǵıȻԸϽҲᡣ
ҡڻмһЩǣûϿǵĻ壬Ҳ֪ԼǲǹؼԵıڣһλʮطվ˳ԼڻмõĶһһ˳
ҡ
һλͷģмվó򵽵Ķ
ҲŸսмãûҵġһλʮط̯̯֡
վԭأһԲ
׷ߵĿ⣬ЩóĶɨûзκעĶһӣЩʱͶС
ٵһᣬû˳׷ߵ·
һ˼Żȥһ磬Ҳûϣıʷĺ¡
ǵ룬Ļ磬ҲԽΣգһû˳֡
֪˶ãͻȻΧĻ仯ţǱһ硣
ս磬ǿֲѹʹ˷ֶɫ䡣
ǿաһλʮط۴
˺Ȼȥʱһſž޴ǳ׹ڿϳ˳Ĺ棬ֲ֮ǵصĽ١
ꡣһλķۣŵĴ


1798 ش
ꣿ
λ۵Ļ˶һ
޾ǱߵʷʣǲǼλյĸ࣬Եģʷ˽꾡ǿߡ
ʥɴ½֮䣬޾ʷһ˽⣬ȴֱȲκһҲͲμˣȫ˦Ƕж
꣬ѵָǡʥɴ½λ׷ʶʲôɫҲˡ
ˣãȻ
һſ׹Ӵǳȷʵǿֲ쳣ײϵĻʹǿʮطۣ֮ǡ
ǣȴЩ׹ǳƺܽʵޱȵңԶ
ֻ׹֮ʱ̫Ӵ󣬳ޱңԶľ룬ɢҫ۵ĹâʹңԶľ붼ĸܵˣŻһ֣ϵǳͷµļ
ʵϣڵĵطúԶǳİȫ
ΪЩڵǳԼú룬Ĵ磬һڵǳǿ̶ֳȣвЩʮطۡλǿߴ󺰵
ȷʵǿֵزһǳ׹䣬׾Ļав
ǲڵǳһͨ磬һ磬ڻ֮ʣܺ͹â
ҪĻͿӣǱʥսˡ
˵仰λǿҲҵ飬˺̥ĤԶͷҲصȥ
⼸λǿߣҲҵæߡ
ʲôЩ׹ǳһͨʹ硣
Ǳʥսµв
˴ʧɫǼ壬ǺȻɫ䣬ʥս壬֪
ӡ
ӡ
û˸ҵæ뿪ڵ磬Զķƴȥ
ѡķ򣬺ȻǼǿһٲֻŲ·⣬ˣҲͬѡ
ֻǣ֪ıӣļ
ܸӦȿţٶ֮죬ǰκһ磬ΧĸӦҲ淢ǿҡ
һǴͻ磬ôãΣˡ
ڻڣҪʼ˳˳ˮƽƽǾ޿ܵģҲ׼
꣬ʥսѵָһʱڣԺ˼תصʷ
ٶ̫죬̫ᣬڹʷ˽̶ȣȻȲǼǿߣǣǰʷ¼ȴܿҵ˶ӦʱڣΪʵ̫ˡ
翪Ժ󣬵һƽʱ
µͻۣӳʹлָҲ˵һƽʢ
Ƽǿ꣬һλλʥճ䡣
һݺ޵еľ˽ܣ˭Ҳ˭ɴˣһδģսʥ֡
һսذ޹⣬֪ٴͿ̿ǳꡣ
һʷǰĴѣ
ҲˣŻʥڳ֣Ÿơ
һʱڣΣˡɫҲޱȵأʱʥȫΣճ̶ȳ
һ׹ͨʹ磬Ǳʥݻ٣ǳ
ʱֵʥԶǵͻһ磬γꡣ
۷ΣۼΣʥǰ졣
޵еķۣǿһ֮ǣ̫Զˡ
ͻȻ͵ؽסڵһĿ־壬סȫ·׹ѡ
Χ˭ͣгſ־塣
޾գһֻɢҫ۹Ե˳ֻƳֵɲǣƺˣֻһֻơ
~
һֻɢŻĳꪣȻɱ˽ƽ綼˺˿ݺݵĴϡ
λʥһ֣ƺͳꪶʧû¶һײ뿪˲ϢԶȥ˭Ҳûע⵽ԶϰһȺۡ
ꪺײһ̣޷һȻѳΪ׹Ĳǳ
ˣҲû⡣
޿ɵɨʥʮطۣȻ
ȣһ̼
Ŀţǹײ˹;ʮط۲ǱˣƲɵײϡ
·˺ѿǰһڣʲô֪ˡ
ǻ棬Σķ
˭Ҳ֪һ̻ᱻĻ磬ֻᾭĿֲΣա


1799 
˪硣
ʷأֽ٣˺ѣȺ׹䣬ʯƿն׹Ϸ˲֮ס
һڴϼٱţΪ׵ĺȻһλݡ̬Ůڰɫһﵱȡ
С㣬ǻȥɣƵ֣ʵ̫Σˣү֪Ļ϶ġһλʿȰ
УǿʯҾôܴҲҵģ~Ů۾̬ʮּ
ǵãǿʯ׹ʱʢնպˣ֮ʱǵضɽҡʯһž˵ĻͲƸݴ

ŮȻʿҲ˵ʲôֻĿ⾯ɨķԷֵܳΣա
ɱ˴죬ڣŮµһϵĿĵء
һ޴ӳǰǺȻɫ䡣
ǻҰ֮أ̣ϼǡһλʿĺ¡
Ҳڸ·ϣץʱ䡣Ů
ӦŵæɢȥѰſܵջȻʧǣԤеʯûг֣ӵײʲôûУΧҲҲʯƬ
ףȻˡһʿӱԵһԹȥӡ
Ӧ⸽ʯ׹ˣùļһ
Ϣ׷׻ܵŮǡ
ûʱˣС㣬ǲȵģʯѾȡˣڸ·ϣҪǱΪȡʯͺˡ
ΧϼǽԶԶƲǿ
ҲΪŮŻ˳Ҫû뵽Ǳ˽ȵǡ
ߣȥŮ̾Ϣһ޿κΡ
ˣѷֵҲȥ֪Щʲô

ججģڻָʶӻѹ
˻~
һѹ˺Ѱľʹͳˮӿ÷ʹ߳
һ̽ƣ΢
һε֮أԶǰκһΣ׹ԵһˣҪ
شʥԵʣԵһΣƻ̫أһΣڻƻṩ˶ٱ
ңֵλʥҲͨʥǰӵѾˡ
û뵽ҾȻпһۿʥɴ½ķ۷壬һһıʥǰû˿ء
Ƿ۷壬ȴӹһ١
Щķ۷壬ٵһʥңҲҵ˲˺ļǵãʥײʱڵĻ˺ܶ
ټϣʱȻûиߵޣһʥ
һܽһ
ʥɴ½ķ۷壬ҪôλÿǰҪôûл׷׻ҷ
֪жпЦ
¾ۼޣδӹһ٣Կ϶˵ʹûбҲ˶١
Ҳǵùǰ˳˳ˮû̫ΣգһӱʥսҲ֮䣬ڻ棬ʥħսУ߼Σգʥɴ½̽棬ҲûϼΡ
ΣգôĽ١
Σ鷳ˡҡҡͷٸпڵƣǳء
Ҫ֪ڵĻѾѵһ̶ȣ÷ܿٻָƣȻʱȴ̻ɿֲʱʱ̶̿˺ַ·˺ѵĸоǵԵʣǿָҲǵƻ
壬Ȼһսϸţֲϱݻ١
һ˿һòˣͬˡ
λʥɶ񡣡Цǵ̻޷ٻָ
ΨһֵҵǣλʥȻǿֲ쳣ȴ޸֮ľԴ֮ˮĻָȴԴԴѹǣǳ
ˣҲֻܽʵܱҪá
Ŀܣڱش֮󣬾˻ԣ֪ںδ
һװλķݣʲôƶ֮ҡ
ǰĻжϣӦòںڰգ׹˸ĳ硣
һͻȻ˿һŮŮ˽ѹķһž¶ϲɫ
ˣС֪һܸˡŮϲ漴ţҴҵˡ
ʼգҲûʵĻᡣ
ҲļŮ˼λСһֱڵѣԼ֮ԻҲΪλСԵʡ



1800 ƽ
ûеȴãλСʹҴҶ
ˣΪʲôɿԣ
ﵽ׷ʲôʯ˭ȡˣ

һλݵŮ첽ƿţڰѿڶȻЩܳʱ䣬Ψһһ֪Ȳ
һ⣬ûеõش
ĿƽĿŮ
ŮһʶӴһ˫Įʱ͵һһֲĸо
Ҫ֪Ǻεǿʮطۣ߸ϵʥҲǲԶ˵Ǳ޷󼰵ϴڡ
ʹˣ޷˿־þӷ֮ϵʣҲԶܱͨȵġ
Ůĸܵһ㣬Ҳ֪ô£ǰӣûһ˿һԷĿȴĲη
ԺηŮȻ̬Ůȵĵɴ۾ǺԼҵλС㣬үǰûô̬ȡ
⡣Ҳ֪ҪҵʯʲôǾҡ
ԷļʶȻô£Ů̶̼ʻУҲƲİ˾Ųʮˡ
Ůǵɴ۾ǻȻɫ
ԭ׹Ĳʯǰӣ׹ѹһֱûĸõʯĴţѹǸϵҳԣȴֻҵ˶Է
ˣһо˵ͨˡ
׹ȴûǺεǿ󡣡ŮսȲΣԶԶ
ͻȻ͵ؾҿɫҲһӱò԰ס
ƣ̫ˡ
ϼǺúԺһЩݷáŮһ㣬Ͽ뷽ס׷ҲҶţܿȥ
뿪ðΣɫźÿЩ
һľԵĺӡŮı֣˼ԷûгˣвΪ
ȻҲģԼʲôΣա
޷ɷĵӰ壬ں˸߲֮תȻܴأȴҲһ˺ģ򣬷Ҳ׹˷磬ȴûˡ
ǣ΢΢ҡͷ
֮ʱ磬޷ȵı仯ϣƲ˭ǡ
ƾŮı֣޷֤ǡ
ҲΪԼô˵ģǣҪ֪һͻ磬緶ΧޱӴҪҵǣôס
ǸƽʱİҲ޴Ʋ⣬˭
ڽʥսĳһλʥǻԶδɳһλ֮ܿܿӡ
ٿԿ϶սλʥûһǡЦ
ˣһǵĻֵһ̣Ǿͻ᳹˷磬һ޿ӹһ٣ʥɴ½˱Ȼᱻ
Ҳǲеˡ
֮֮ڵ״Ҳʲôܿջ˼ڻڣʲôûԤϵȻʥشҲúƲ
ٴĻûǿʵҲ޼¡
ϼסŮǰݷãУҲ˽⵽׹Ϊ˪硣
Ĵڶ࣬һһ֪û˵˪֣˵磬ںûʲô
ҪôѾڹʱ֮УҪôһͨͨĴ硣
һ֣Ҳǲö֪ʱҵսʱڣ˪ûлһεʥ֣һҲˡ
κпܷҲž򣬻˶ãʥս˴꼰
ԴˣҲֻ
ңûзʱƣҲ侲֪ΣյʱѾȥ
ⳡ󲿷ֵʥսȻصѣͿ̿Ȼʱȴʱˣû뿪ȻչǱʥսĲҸˣֹⳡѡ
˪ӹһ٣ȻʥսನУҲγ˾޴֣˵ʸı䣬ΧЩٵ磬ȴҪ
ϼ˪һУλڴһ磬һ㶼ۣŮΪ϶ϼǵĳ֮Ů
ϼסȴƵĻָ
϶ݷ÷ϵ⣬̡
ǵޣԷĸ߶ȣͨҪָȴǰѶȶûУֻƬָ㣬ȴǸݽ겣϶ǳҲʴӱܹһһ㼴͸ڷָ£Ŀɿڴٶȷɿɳš



1801
ϼǡ
ϼǣ϶ʵļλҲǱԽԽҪһ۵ĳУһԾΪ˾صĴǣʢԶտɱȡ
һ¥ڣԶĳоǳޡ
϶ˣ̫ɽ޹ϸǹǵĿӣˮˮƫƫСҪеɱ̫ɽϴһֵǼ⣬ҲӶ֡һλ󺺺
С˸
ϴǵѪܰ
ˣȫߡ
̫ɽһаΪ׵ʮλֵƣƽ޶֪˶Ǻ֮ǣȴǵǿ޿κΡ
Σ϶ȥһ̫֮ɽķ
һӹһٵĿ󺺵ˣʱɥ֮Ȯ˺򣬱Ƶֻܶأӿ಻ԣ뵽ǰĿӣ뵽ڵǱûзʡԼĶΪǽ϶޵˹
϶ʵ̫ǿǸǶֻ֣ܽתƵͷϡ
磬Ѿϸ̽ˣ϶̫ϳûжõó֣ȫסǼһλӳ
ȷ󺺵¹
ҸӴ
ãҵȣ϶ǰ̫˳ˣûʲôۣͺúøһΣ֪ǺεȲпᡣ¶ɭЦݣѪѪ
ɱȫңΪϴǱ𡣡
𣬱𡣡
жŷ֮ɫ
ҹ̫ɽҹɫǱ˳ŵ˳ڵĻ˳ĵ϶ĸס
Ȼͬ̽һڵķϡƽסǿߡ
ȿ~
ڿ󺺵ˣ׼ȥɱʱͻأ
˭׵ÿ󺺵һţǾͿһݲϵӣӰ˳ӵɫЩ԰ףżԼһĸо
ӣȻǾסϼǵķ
ʱţ׹˪磬Ѿȥʮ꣬˵ԵʣҲ𽥱˥ϡ
϶ɱˡûдӷϣܵµϢһɣžǽɱ˵ģ˭֣ɱ⡣
һλӦЦڿ󺺵ˣ򲻷ϡ
һԣȻָ󺺵ˡ
󺺵ɫ䣬ǵĸӦһָѸٱ󣬳۽磬أֲֿĸоȫδš
ûκηأһָ󺺵̻˷ɻҡ
һ̣Ժһ׹Ϊʲôڵķϡƽϧ׵̫ˡ
ƽջָתʧ
Ƭ̺󣬳ھ𣬷˿󺺵˵֡
ʮ꣬û̫ɫʥֲ̫˵λʥԶͨʥܱȣ֮ǰδУԻǿĻָʱգҲԶδתܶһ˿Ȼһ˿ȴҲɱ󺺵Ρ
º϶ع顣
СǴС㣬ɨ̫ɽƽϸѹȺۣܵС
ѵһľ콾
ϼڣһƬ˶϶Ϊ١
һУ϶޵УʵʹЩϱǿҲΪ֮Ŀ
л϶ݼ˷Լл⣬Ѿ˽ǰΣ
ҼȻסңһƽҲӦ
ָ㣬ѾʤһС϶ĵ
ʵԽǿԽܸܵɲ⣬һ̶ԶͷԸϣ뷽£ȻʼգûԸ
΢΢ͷ
һ϶ȥڵҲǵǧС㣬кܶαϡ
ϧˡ϶ȥıӰҡҡͷ
϶Ŭ
һ죬ɳĴܣǲԶڷȻСȴҲܿ֡
ʵ磬Ҳ⣬ôһλ츳Ŭͽܣǣǻ硣
϶ڵһУʷ֮С
һͽܣûκ壬ƽգͻʱٳҲнһ죬ڵһж֮ɢ
ֹʮ꣬Ȼ˪磬ƽӳţָ϶֮࣬Ҳڹ۲硣
⽫ʱ⣬˪ȫ췭ظݣڷӿǿðԶκһʱ
Էļʶ̾ƶϳ磬ڷٽ



1802 һֻ
һ֣ǷǱѰġ
Ҫ֪һĽ쳣Ļ˶޷ܶ˵һУҲܵı仯ΨһЩ£Żĳɳ
ͺñǲ˴磬ĳɳٶȣڲĸܵ
Ϊ˴λԴӣǸߵĲ棬ң֦ٽķٳɳǺߣĹؼ
˪磬ȻûЩأ꣬ȴ÷ܵ˾޴ı仯ͳɳԲ
ѵΪЩٵ磿˼
Ҫ˵ʲôĵطǾΧٵڶ磬һƬȺܵùıʥսһλޱǿʥλʥĽನʹݻڶ磬ȼջͬȺ׹䡣
˪˵ģڲҲܵӰ죬ֲ½˺ѣȴ
Щͨ磬ͬһԴ
ݻٵڶ磬ǱݻٵģԶԶûеĳ̶ȣŴԴ˪գΪ˶̶̰˪ķٳɳ
ⲢǲܣںϣĲ˴ôġ
ͬһԴĴ綼ܱ˴ںϣ˪ձĸԴɳҲӦ
ȻںϣԶûô򵥣˪յģҲֻǺٵһ֡
Ⱥ䣬ٵĴͨ粻֪ж٣½кٵһ֣ƶ˪ͻͽڶ̶ʱڼٽ
Уʮ󶥼硣ת
ʮ󶥼磬ôġ
翪֮ʱʲô磬Ҳɳģӱ֮ϡ
һʥս磬ǲҲģʹʮ󶥼ĳ֡²ţ˪ı仯ϣƲŶ
ˣҲǸ˲˴δĳɳṩһ;
ֳɳٶȣ˪ںĬĬȷţԼû˵˪֡
ڵ˾ͷĽҲʹӳ򣬶ô
ǾǱ˻ٵߣǱںˣΪһһ֡
ڵڶֿܡ
ĳ֮Уһ֣˪ɵġ
΢΢ҡͷһжƲ⣬ûƾʵݣҲûоʷ֪ʮ󶥼ʲôʱֵġ
ԼĲ²£󲿷־ϡ
ʱţҲ𽥺תλʥڵڲϵĥ£Ѿ˴룬ĻָҲǽռϷ硣
һĥɾԻǿָܿ÷ƾ
˪籣ŸٳɳĽڲľ޴仯
ӿĻƽʱ٣ȺҫԶκһʱ
֮У϶ȻΪҫ۵һ
ָ㣬ǼĳɳʹûЩĹâҲ١
ϼǡ
һЩɻ󡣡϶ϹϾվţʱȻͻƽ̤֮һλǿߡ
ϣӴ֮ˡ
˪磬϶һУһиܼڷǰȴʮֹ
ҿûʲôָˡش϶ʣп
ϾϵͬģҲΨһԽ𵽵ҲԽС
϶ˣǸ𺳡
ϵָ֪ͬ۷֮ʱķǺεǿԶڵġ
϶֮ҡ϶Ե
һһʱţͻȻ͵̧ͷ¶ɫ񷡣
϶һ㶣ʶ̧ͷһȥʱͫ׼
ֻ֮ϣ֪ʱһֻƣֻչڱգңңſƺץס硣
~
ؼһ϶ȻһƮڿеĹоȻĿȥȴΧûκ쳣ˣûвؼı仯
϶󺧡
׼ӭĵɡһ
ܸӦֻץס˪磬׾ͽԭءΡ˳˲˼Ψʥܰ쵽
˶ãǶݵʱ⣬ʥУȴԽңԶľ룬һȺ䣬ŲƵһ
һİĴ磬ǰţײһ
Ųľ޴𵴣ںϿʼˡ


1803 Ԫ
¡~
޴𵴣ںϵһ̣˲䲨˪硣
ر˺ѿճѺۣضɽҡӭںϣһײ˪ѣڰǰʥս֮ϡ
ȻԱȴûô
ײ֮ʱ˪ڵ˶һ֣סǡ
֪λ˪ʥˣԷҲԸ˱ء
Ƚ˴ں֮ʱûĴԶ˪֮ϡ
⵽ôһ£ƽ϶æʵײ֮ʱ帡յĹоҲ֮ʧûôһ£𾪵ĿΧĻ˾޴ı仯
ϼУﵹһ޴Ѻֱӹᴩ˳ӽ´ϿգҲ˺ˡ
ѣƫƫûжĸоܣҲǼȻ־壬С
ͺΧϤ磬ڲͬĲһ㡣
һѹйĸо϶ȷϣûʲô̾תΨһ֪ʲôµģҲֻĪķˡ
϶ⲻˣǶ̶̵ʱʲôһж
϶֪𣿡ȻһЦ
󣬴ӷס߳϶ʹԴоκġ
ʾһУ̫ԤϣҲ̫˼ˡ
硣ģ϶и˵Ĺʣ֪粢˪һ֮⣬硣
أĻҪ
·һӣ϶ͳɳˣ۹ⲻپһ˪磬һոµ磬˷ޱȵ
ڴ

ʥĳ£ں˳ĽС
λʥû¶棬Ҳ޷һֻϣ³һλʥмĿܣʹԷ¶ˣҲϲ
ں֮󣬽ģ֮ĽͬʱҲųͻìܡ
϶ȻҲ˽ȥδ֮ҲǺȤġ
ûȥЩȻˣϼǣҲǰȫޱȡ
ںϲûоʹֹͣ
˪磬ںϵǸ磬ݱҪԼڵĴ磬ΪͳȻûǷֳֻ֮Ĵһεĳ֣ʧصĸоҲ֮
µںϣŵ
̶䣬˪;˰˴ںϣûںϵ磬ȫĺΪһ壬ͻĴײµںϡ
˻ףȴһ
λһеʥ⣬޷ǳ绹ûг׵ںϺãһδεںܡ
ںϵḶ́졣
ʱ˪ȣ൱ڻˮʱȫܹԼ뷨ˮҪ״ǣںɣ൱ˮȴͣʱĿԾͲ̫ˣòϸʱ;
ԣŻڶ̶Ƶںϡ
ֱִʣҲֻʥܰ쵽Ҳֻ룬ңԶһʥ²⣬λٵĺпܣһλնĳڡ
ڣڵھŴײ֮󣬶磬Ӧ˵ǶĳΣˡ
ԭ˪磬ֻռ缫Сһ֣ӴޱȣһδεںϺͽѾɳ˼ߵĲΡ
˻ȶ⣬ѾԽ˷֪һ߼硣
磬ԭôġŷԼƤӵµḶ́ип
룬ĵطͬĹҲţγɺʮ󶥼硣
ʥսǴٳɶֵҪأߣĿģΪ˸ʥһս˼
ʣܳܵסʥսƻģڸͨ磬صѡ
ģչ˺ģ
˵һĳΣڸӦؼ佥Ŀ˴𰸡
Ԫ硣
ǿĶ硣
û뵽˪羹ȻԪһ֣Ҳ̫⣬ڴ𰸳֮ǰκοܶڡ
ûȥԪ磬ǿĶ磬ҳҲȥһ˵ģ֪ʱ㲻ǹʵΡ΢΢ҡͷ˵ȷʵ磬ҲĿԪĵ̡
ȻڵԪ磬һΣͺԪ϶мĲͬûʱ䣬Ҳһֱȥ
ջҲʼ
ľ£ĳƾλʥĥҲǻָ۷塣



1804 
ľԷ˵ޱġ
ϾЩ˰ꡢǧϹͣʱ̫ˡ
Ҳ޿κΣΣأ˭Ҳ뵽ᱻʥս֮С
ˣл֣ǿĻָָһˣʹûʥսನʱҲȻƣԶԶָϣ
ģеģʹǷۼޣۻָҲԶ
ǿһ㣬λۼޡ
ʥش޷ָ磬֪϶ΣգҰ˹ȥҲΣա
Ѿ˻磬ʹҲᱻĻ磬Σա
ûʵڻʮ
˪һ꣬ܵĻģ֪ΨǿǸ
ͣ꣬ҲǺջڵʥڲϵĥУҲ÷˽Щʣδʥ֮·ŲСĺô
ʥɴ½һ٣ʥսನлģʮһָܾƵģ֮٣ˣȫԶԣһʥɴ½֮̽ãѾʧܡ
ʱ򣬸ýˡ
΢һʯǰһĽʯ
֮ǰʥɴ½Ķ棬λۼ򣬷Ȼڣȴûݹǡ
~
ʯȻ̼壬ʧţ͸ӦڤڤԼϵļ飬˵ڡ
ڻָһʥɴ½ϵҲԴ˽
ʥɴ½˵ڻˣʹ˻ŻȥҲΪš
ûȥˡ
ʱԺеͷֻʣһ
ˣ֪þյĵˣѾõһ컯ˮȻջܼ۷ʱ䣬ʡʮ꣬õˮĥ򣬷ʲôء
ΣգԷڵʵҪ̫̽ǿˣϾһۺڣǴʦ档
ãĻ磬޾磬ٱħսನ·һˡ
ʥɴ½Ķɼڵõ컯ˮ󣬾뿪ˡ
뿪֮ǰЩýһ¡Ŀ⴩ңԶľ룬ĳ

~
Ӱ͵طֿǿ˷йţҺոµ磬ȫܳǵ
϶΢΢Ϣţɫ԰ףĹԵʡ
һս֮ãľ
϶ʱļաΧ϶Уһȵ񼫣ʩɱҶ޳֮ȣɱǻὫϼοҶ֮顣
ԣ϶ȴֻЦ
һƽԾߵĶӼˣܸ϶նɱҲԹñˣȻڶԷȴߵǷǺڰףԼ˱Сˡ
տʼ϶ķŭڣȴǹƽˡ
Ϊŭûκ塣
Ƽǿ󣬻ѣ׷ɱ棬ͷֱԻƼҺѡ
϶ߣϼǽͨͨһУ֮ûʲộȻҲһЩ֧ߣǺͻƼһȣ㲻ʲôˡ
˵ϻҪҵ;ɡ϶
϶ΣҪˡ
ϧһλ콾ᣬδкܴĳɳռ䡣
ΧսУ˷̾Ϣ
϶ͻƼһսƺƴǣ㣬ҲĿ⣬עһս˺ڶࡣ
Ƕ뿴˭ʤߡ
϶Ȼǿ󣬿һˣɳʱ䣬»ƼҲΪǣȻʱƼȴĶ֮һһ϶ܺġ
һȻ
ڻƼң϶նɱˣҲҫ۵ǣδǰ;ȴ϶Ƽưոݡ
϶İ޿ɱ⣬Ҫ֣͹㱳ûǿְ֧ɡߵ
һ֣༸һӵϣ϶նɱ
𣿡ʱһƽͻȻ
ǰգͻȻ߳һ꣬ٲͿԽޱңԶľ룬ǰ
ڳУûһ˿ôֵġ
˭ɫһ䣬
Ȼ𾪣ȴûжٵӣǵݣʹǿˣҲ˿塣
϶ĿͻȻֵ꣬ã֮ɫԷһּϤİĸо
ˣǷ
ŻĻָػ۷壬ƶӰҲɢ·һҹ֮䣬ָഺ϶ȻеİϾʱƵӰ£ʮֲϡ
㡭϶졣
ֹ̧̧֣϶Ļһӣ϶ɼķ˷
϶д󺧣Ȼľ޴ȴǿޱȣȻǰȴû˿أǣľż
ôĵӣҸǻƼ֮£¶ŭɫԷľٶѾ̬ȣЩɵȴη塣
棿ǺǣֹǸ棬۸ҵͽǾɡЦ쿪ȼŻĽڽ
սһ̡
~
˶ȻɫĿֲ˺գ˴ء
ãӡɫ䣬¶֮ɫ
˻æתͷҲصߡ
ˡЦһڽ͵ն
һ̣ҫ۵ƥؼȻһ̫޷Ŀֲйߵ˱룬˲仯˷ɻң˵ɨأŰһС
ȥ˻ָֻߵ˾ҷ𣬷϶Ҳʧԭء



1805 Ԫ֮ʼ
ؼĿ꣬𾪵Ըӡ
һĿֲԶԶǵǳģûӹһ١
ʶһ㣬˶Ǹоһɺֱţ
ҺãҺһǳŻƼȥģߵ⣬ûбȥ
û뵽û뵽϶Ȼ˹ǿߡ
Щ˼δ˵Ķ֣ΪƼҹˣǺ˱ʲô
ޱȡ
Ǻ϶ԩ޳ҲǵλǿߡҲҡ
ȻЩ϶йìܳͻˣǵսľΨֻƼҵ³䵽ͷϣҲûоλǿûжǳ֣Ȼìܻлصģǵ¶ģһҪȫ϶ĶԹ
Ҳвˣô϶ãԱύλǿߡ
ǧ˼Χи
Ƿһⷽ𺳣ı䡣

ϼǡ
һ϶ڳУƽľڡ
㡣ΧϤһУ϶̾׹ԭо²⣬˴ʱûɻ
־ģ
ȫˣ϶ͷӦ˹뵽ǾһҲ˲Ȼ
ǵú˵ģЩһֱˣгֵʱ
΢Цŵ˵ͷ
϶𺳵˼㣬û뵽ʵȻǿ󣬱ĻҪǿ֪ٱ
γ֣һΪ˾㣬Ǹ𡣡Ȼ
ʲôҪߣ϶һ𣬴лع
޲ɢ֮ϯܵʥսشѲ͵
ûн̫࣬磬һ磬ǰһжʷ֮УûбҪ
վ鰡а̾
һָ϶ɳʦͽʤʦͽ֪ʷƬΡ
ıûκ壬ǣ̲סȥˡ
磬ԪĳΣԶԶûкǸǿķòʱԾģҲЩںϵĴ磬
ЩǿߣȴʥսϾҲҪγɵġ
ǾһԺѹǧꡣ
ǧ֮϶ѾɳκսߣѾ
ͣãΪ϶ģҲֻЩˣҲ˽ܷ֮뿪
϶ֹвᣬҲⷽأԼҪ飬˺ˣ׼뿪ҲӦ֮⡣
գǧﻯһ䣬һ·˳硣

϶ٵ飬˺̥Ĥ֮⣬ǺԪ磬׵룬ڣȴûôѡ
ʥսѾһ䣬ʱ绹ǺܰȫģõĻĪĶֻҪ˳һɣ硣ţܵȴõİ취뿪Ľ
ȻǴͻ磬Ҳоͷġ
ڷ˾֮ʱͻȻһĿԽңԶľ룬ϡ
һ̣оޱȿֲѹ٣Է֮䣬ܽĥ
ննԭأһˡ
ѾܸӦĴڣȻԷѹȴڴ֮ϣ뵽ն
ԪΣԷݺ֮
Ԫ֮ʼʥ档
ǿĳ֮һں뿪磬޾硣
Ȼʥͳ֣ʱ򣬷Ǵе֮ܿܿһۣȻʱȴǱʥĿעѹǰδеġ
뵽ˣ
Ԫĳɳͱ仯һֱλڵҲעš
ˣôһ뵱ǰĳɳˣȻԵڲͬ뿪֮ʣҲʥע⵽
ãʥľ磬Ҫ׾١һ亹
ʱ֮ʱ֮޾磬ܿԽ룬һۿ֪ص컯ˮܸõĳɳ
λųԪ֮ʼʥ棬ʵ;磬ڵ֮棬Ȼȣʥ磬뷽ҲûôңԶ
Ļᷢʲôȫ޷Ԥϡ
ֲУʱޱȣ·ǹǧǰ㳤ãͻȻоһգΧǿֲѹҲ֮뿪
ʥջĿ⣿׹
ôʥľ磬ܿѵ˵ʱʥ棬ûкǰǿ󣿻˵ûԼ
ججģȴҵԶ˴˷硣


1806 
ѸԶǳεԪ磬Ҳƽʱע⵽޾еĲҵ
Էľ磬ȥܿһ޾յĴͨ磬Ŀڵ˴ǰܿˣ޾գ
ǿʢ֮һͨ磬ͬ췱ǣʤ
ʹǸս֮ʱһȼŵǳҲ˵˴ͨ
Ȼ˿̣ĿȥȴһƬ
һ磬ȼմҲŲκιâ׵ɢ䡣

˪ʱ򣬻ãȵ޾գеᣬҲǿˣǳʥսѣָ֪ܻ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
ʮ󶥼ĳ֣Ӧ˶ȴ֪˶ٵ顣
ԪĳΣ˪ҴĴ磬ĳΪǿĴ磬һĴں϶
ѵ˵ʱ磬ûЩǿĴ
ȻΪţЩǿĴ磬ͻʥս֮УʼƷҲʥսսʥսҲɢˡ
ʱնд棬ֵĻϡ
ʱ֮У޷֪Ҳûڸ׵Ȥ
һ·ͨ裬ûκΣգ˳磬֮󣬷һ
뿪;У˼ʥ֮£Ҳ˴𰸡
ʥ棬ܿôɷŹ뿪
ԭܼ򵥣ǲʥ档
ԴʥʥĲμߣϣڻ޾硣
ǣն˴ģǺųԪ֮ʼʥˣڴ֮ϣǵĴڲԶԶԽ˺ϵʥһ磬޷֮֡
ȷţԴͷһϵʥնĳڡ
ˣ磬޷ʥֵ֣ģԪεγɣһӡһʥӡڿʱûиķӦҲûпϾһӡʥ棬ǲͬնġ
⿪һɻ󣬷Ҳɲ٣Ҳٵ飬Żȥ
ϣΧûκʥɴ½ˣȻǸͻˣ䵱ˣ뿪綼첻ˣûκš
ع·ϣȻҲһ˳һ硣
ûϣʥսһվȻ磬ҲǺܿ롣
ŲϿڣֵĻȼҲԽԽͣԷҲ淢Ĺв
ڳˡ
һ˻ڣ۾΢΢𣬴ΧǺȴûм뿪
أͻ
ӡ
ɡ
ֲȻ٣Ȼ̧ͷֻǺ֮Ȼһ޴Ľɫӣ棬룬޾Ǻÿһ䣬̽ųҫ۹⻪ŷ£һ޴ӵĸоƻȴǱһ㣬ԭء
ۼޣ졣󾪡
ͬʱһֻɫצ̽ޣץ˷һץסٴı죬ҲѲá
һۼޣԷͬʱ֡
ն
ͷûκԥڵĻתţƳ޷״̬ţڽصĽʩչ
~
һɫκХ˺أݺײ˽ɫϣײ͵һͣǻѪǽķɣҲΪԷԶ֮ϡ
֮նɱ۷壬Ƿۼ޵ȴԶǴʱĽܼ
˲ƣ͵غˣ˻档
ǰɫצӷվĵط̽ȴץ˸գһڣ磬λۼͨı죬Ҳ봫ֺҲ档
ߣˡ
ⶼûŪ
ԭ˳ڻڴɫЩѿҲ̫⡣
һ̫Сˣһ²⣬Բվڻڴǲ뿪ԭ޺޵
ԶһЩʮİգɱɷƫƫվڴȻ֮£ֻǿж֣û뵽Ǳӵ
ģѾشӲԶǽȥ׷һüߵǳش˷ķۼޡ
׷ԭϡ



1807 ׷
ԭڼѹǿ󣬺ǰ͵˻档
Ҳ׼ʥɴ½ˣ棬ҵնɱȻ˽⵽ڵǽһλ۽˹
ΣգȻԶʥսȴ޾ңĻһΪͻ硣
۶Ի˽⣬ԭȻȲʥɴ½Ҳǵıش
֮һˣǸ硣
һ£ԭȻʶ׷ȥ»û׷ϷǾͻȫûŲ˳Ҳҿģûʥɴ½ôԶ˻Ͻ硣
ǻڱΣգҪǣ˭Ҳ֪ڻֱһ磬ǵ׷طֻȷϷڻ棬ķλȴģ塣
һ磬͵Ļ磬ʱ䣬Ҫҵһˣڴ룬ϣޱã
ˣʶһԭ˳˻棬صص棬ȷͶ
ǵĿ꣬ǶϷʥ֮·
Էľ磬ڻƻ̫ͣãһãų⣬͵ʥ֮·ϾȽܲɱǴҪġ
ȷˣڻڣԭ˾
һȣ֮ãڵȵ˷ĳ֡
ۼ÷شԭδҹζ࣬ﻹϴᣬ׷˻档
Ϊ˷ֹƶˣ߳Ҳ˶˻棬λۼΪףһλԭ׷ɱһλڳڣԷһ
ҾͲţ㻹ӵõԭݺݵ
һ棬ĿȥϾͿӴܵķǲԶ
һλ۷ЦҪն£ȻŸշɳûԶǰĳѸٱ仯ӹİ硣
ˡλ۷ʱ׹
ԭǿӳûԶͻʧ
׷ԭɫ΢
뷽ȷʵԶҪ׷ɱҲûôףʱᱻ磬ֻдӻڳܼ׷ɱ
ԭˣԻҲһ֪
ȻңֻٵЩ磬ɣǻչٶȣӻ롣
˴ڣֵĻ磬ҲǼС˵ȫٷ£ܿ롣
һ׷ӣϽŻ硣
ڵĹ򣬷ȻҲ⣬֮ʱᱻ硣
֮У˵Ӱһʧһƾճ֣ԭ˺޵ҧǣһ㶼ûСļ
ôܣ𣿡ԭ벻ͨ
ۼȫ֣һۺڣôܳܵס
ȴ֪ĻָǺεȵľˡ
ʱȷʵǱشˣλۼ޵ʵʥȫһģߵĴսನ÷֮ãǰɵƣȴڻǿָ£ѾָĲˡ
Ԧٶȣֻԭ˸졣
ȻЩ˵ڳڣҳȥͶӴ;УһƬ
Է֮£Ԥϡ
ǿɲΪⳤʱЩ׷ɱԼˣ鲻Լȥ򣬶ڵ⻷ãѵѡ
ʹûԭˣҲбˡ
ʥɴ½ĵ伮У֪ⲢȫרǿڣţǲҽðգǶȴûʲôѹ
ڻоջⲻǽǿʼҪõǣͨߵĿ顣
ʥɴ½ֹ֮ǿݣڻ⣬ҲΪЩߣǲҲʥɴ½ǿ壬ûЩߣŷΣգðͷ
֣ڡ
ڷһˣȻῼǵǣ˵׷ɱԼЩˣҲܾۼ⡣
һ̽˵ĴۣҲǡ
ǡһ磬ͷȥ˺󷽹еļˣⲻ׷ɱȫи࣬ڲͬĻ档

ֵĻ磬̫СηҪԣ֮ѡ̫СĻ硣
תĿ𽥼ᶨ
Ϊԭ׷ѹ˻ȥƾҲǽķԼٶȣñ˴˼ľ룬̡


1808 
硣
ɸ߷֮ϣһ½ʿͳָ޺Զǿ֮伤ҽţƻΧһС
Զһ۶һս
ڴ׽ͺͰ˾սʤ߽Ϊµһˣ֪˭ʤ
ǻ˵϶ǰ׽͡
˵˾޵С
۷׷ףսǰ˭Ҳ޷˵˭
үүΪʲôҪ򰡣һ۵ϣüĿ갺ͷߵߣŲ⣺ѵ𣿻˵µһ̫Ҫ
Ǻǣ׽Ȼһݺ£ǽǿ۹ȥûʲôͻǣҪ֪ߵ־ľǿߣǰѾû·ʵҲ޷ˣǲŻԼһսΪµһΪ൱ĶһսϣͻƵߵľ硣΢Ц
ƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ɣ⾪һսҪʼˡĿ
߷ϣ׽ͺͰ˵Ҳڵ۷壬׼֮ʣͻȻһɿֲ޷ѹؽ١
Ŀİ׽ͺͰˣ۵ıѹڵأãΧ۸½Ӱ㣬ӿĵ
ô£оǿ־壬ǿһӰһٶȿĲ˼飬ӰʧǵصĿֲѹҲ֮ɢ
˭
£Ȼ˹ǿߣ
˶Īû뵽ϻǿߣΪǿİ׽ͺͰˣǰϰС
û˴лعһӰֲ֣ѹ֮١
ţǵڶĵӰ
һһӶӰ˿ûͣ˼֮࣬Ҳо΢
νµһս޼ա
һ죬ҲҪǿ󡣡
ս꣬ȭͷȴĶ־ΪǣӦù۶һսӶ²ϱǿһ۷壬ȻĿֲǿߣȴǸõĴٳĳɳǰ
Ƶĳһݡ
ȫٷ£ȻܣȫǶ֪أйĽЩˣǸһĪ𺳡
ǷԭˣȻںֻҪɱǣûκ⡣
ʱţڷĿ£˫
˴ʱ˫Ѿͬһ׷޷֮Զ
׷
Ѿ;ĩ·ˡ
Ҿ֪ۼɵƣô׻ָ֮ǰǿѹȥֻҪǼѹŲסƱԭ˷Цնɱϣ
ǵĻôѡ˳ڻڣõѡ
ϾǵĿ꣬ǶϾʥ֮·
˵˵һ˱׷ķжѹֵסе̰ȥ׷ɱ
˵ɱ󣬿ܵľ޴ջԼնɱδڵҫŹҲһʧʹʥ֮·ϾҲмϣΪʥ֮ݺ޵е޵зۡ
ʥں˵ȴĸ󻼣Ͼʱбʥı
ټϣ滹ǿػݷߣԭȻѡ׷ɱס
ҲǷġ
ǺϱһҪѵĿԼС֮δûЩϣ
˫һ׷һӣ棬ģǾĻҲСͻ磬ͻ硣
УУСһ磬ȴ⡣
̫Сλ޾磬޷㷽Ҫ
Ƕˣ޾磬Ҫٶ뿪УȻһ
ڵĻ磬޾米ľӶ࣬Ȼϡ
˵ǸĴͻ磬ҲûѡǸ绹Ƿǳеģһ˽У̫ı仯һȺӿ룬֪ᷢľ䣬Ҫʥ͵òʧˡ
ûкͬھ뷨
˵ھڴĵطѾʼִͻ磬޾ΪӶ£пܴһλ޾Ĵͻ硣
ܴܲӳδ֪֮ˣͻΣճ̶ȣԶ֮ǰЩ硣
ǣյĻûϣȥ
أΧٱ仯һ磬Զĺڰ˷۽磬һƽʵԶ׺С
硣Ѹжϣңһͻ硣
ˡ


1809 Ӳ
ͻ綼򵥣Σճ̶ԶСͻɱȣȻϤʷĻܵõջҲǾˡ
֮ʱҲСĽֵĵطںڰ֮Уκһ硣
ãû̫Σա׽˷󣬷һ
һͻľΣҲΪ˵ǣû꣬Ҳûһʥս
ҲϾʥսһΣգǻڵΣ֮ˣײ򣬸ûж˸ҽͻ磬ıͼлˡ
ûʥսҲûбΣգΧԵ÷ǳƽ
˵ʷش¼ٶʥ꣬һʷʼ磬ȻҲԼ֮
ҲûϾȥ룬Ҫԭ׷ûй룬ʱ׷ں棬ݶ룬˷󣬷һжϣͻΪ׹ƿնȥ
ͻ硣
ŷ֮ԭҲ磬ɫʱΪ֮һ䣬¶־֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ǰһ۽֮ģǻһͻ磬һεشǼѹӰڽǱͻΣյĴͻ磬Ȼƽ
⡭ǲ׷ͷˣһλʮطĿ
֪׷ŷȻѾ˻棬ҲȻ
ͻҲʮǰ棬ɱ˳ȥԶķԭҧҧȻ
׷;ϸġ
ͻ磬ȥҲûôΣգ԰
赣ģüͻȻǸŽλۼޣҲǰڻڣش˷ˡ
˵üҲĵơ
ٶȼԦٶȼ죬˿κ֮£׷֮ҲͰˣչٶȽٶȣ˫ʵ
һתۣͿԽ֮ңһλۼ޳֣ӵԶҲ˵ѣڻڣüţնɱ˷ȥˡ
ƫƫǻ棬һһü֣߳ͻᴫڶ磬Դ򵽷ϣ⻹ؼģʵϣü߸Ͳôһɱ˻ǣܵķɣʹǷۼҲܲ
ڻڣͬɣҲ̫йܴʩֽţüҲһֱ̣ȴһ˼ɵ磬ⳡ׷ɱ
ǰĴͻ磬Ҫ
׷ɱôãҲǲټȥˡ
ɡüĿ䣬ڰ֮УȻһ޴Ľɫӣأһ޴ڵĸоԭڴĿУɫӿоڣһ˫͵ץ˷
һ죬·𶼱˫ɫƸڱΣҫ۵ĹâڸһС
Թ۵ԭˣϵ£޴ӵĸоûһ
ڰü֮߳ʱǰķԤϰ㣬ٶȻԶԶ֮ǰȻˣҲûɫƵĹΧ
նԥ˫ʩչ˽
ֲĻɫμݺն˽ɫϡ
·ǻڵһĻ֣ɫƱն͵ضסпѪȴǽԸٶ롣
üߵڶƻ䣬ѾԶܵĹǿȣҲǴΪ͡
~
ɫӾ޴ƽαͣͣô˻ᣬͬѪһ㣬ȴڰüߵĻǰĹΧԶʧ
ⶼˡüɫѿû뵽ȻεȫĴա
֮Ȼǰ㲻飬ͬ£ԼѵԷһ
üе𺳣ԭ˿ԶݶȥɫҲÿȥ
ƻָˡ
ɶ񣬾Ȼһֱţ׷ȥ
ҲǴģüߵһĻﻹ׹Լ˱ˣˡ
Ǽɵ̫࣬ԲŰͼһ
ԭ̿˷ͼı
Ҳô
Ȼ˷ļƻԭûʲôɵĵģΪһܵƣѾصԸӣԶһΣԶ
ھԵʵǰκıƣͽ͵ġ¶һ˿Цԭ
ҵȻ뿪üߵ
˶⡣
ȷʵǵóˣ˻һͻ磬ǣǲģΪӲԶˣֻҪ˳磬Ͳκ⡣
һİĴ硣
~
У޴˺Ļ·綼һΪ
޴ƽԭϣ׹䣬ɲǼ䣬Ϊģ׹⳯˷ӿȥת˲ƽԭﻯ׹⺣һж̼䱻ݻٴ
׹⺣룬Ӱֳ
ʱҵ˼㣬βϧ۵Ĵ߶ɫӲĴǾ˵ģ֮أҪʥսһΣ׵;ƿݡ
ڣʥبȥüߵԶԶˣƿƳأڻĻָ£ٶȴҪ
Ȼʵ̫ʱָԭ˽׷ں׷ط
ľھϣȴûκξž֮ɫ
Щ棬ϵˡ
ڽͻ󣬻⵽λۼ޵ȫҲˣһߡ
ֻҪǲͲŹĻᡣ
ҲִУϵЩȻֻҪǵ䣬зĻᡣ
һУŸոտʼ


1810 
ţĺÿ졣
ƽԭ֮У͵̧ͷĿ͸̥Ĥʮ㳯׹Ĵ缲ɶûеǿ͸ⷽѡ
ȻѾҵ˷Ĵλã׷
ˣܷ˾˵ٶȣȴҲ޷롣
~
ûκԥ˺񷣬뿪ԭأȵԭ˸ʱѾ뿪˸ա
ߣ;ĩ·׷ű׹Ϊƽصƽԭԭһ
Ӳ˵ģָƵĻᣬ֮ǰ׷Ϸ
µĻָٶȣǿεƣԶһΣҲԸᡣ
µ׷ͻݡ
ʱǷԭˣûпԼǴͻ磬ǻķΧֻռ˼һ֣ҪôӴڣǣûôף˺޹˼ɣǰһжǹȥʱ⣬ʷ֣ƻҲû˻ж
һһ磬ԭ¡
ǵʵ޷״ݻһ磬ǽƵ޷ȴûκ⡣
ûԶƣٶȴӰ죬Ҳ޷ӳԶ
ԭȻʱ׷Ϸ׷طǣȴ𽥲һӴ޵ڲѹȷϢ֮ͬʱҲǽ
ȴģƺֻ·һ

һӴĴ½ƬƯںڰ֮С
ԭ˵Ű£ĳĴ½ƬȻ޷׻ٵһ磬ǽĴ½ƬɽڰУȴ׾ٵġ
ƵĴ½ƬƬлŲ٣ڱ鲼ڰյĻʴ£Ҳڿţò˶ãͻ᳹׵ʧ
Ͳһ½Ƭϡ
ʱ˿̣Ѿָˣԭ˻С˷Ļָٶȡ
ֻҪλۼ޻ڣȻΣգǲµ޵ѳȥ
ûʲôʧɫӵƾѾǼľϲˡ
Ҫӳȥѡ
ԷʵԶʤңҪǷҪôǽͻڵҪôҵʵͻͽ
ǰǲɿصģ߲Ƿѡ
ʱ䲻࣬Ҫô̵ʱʵͻͽǳ˵ΣԽʵԽԽѣͣͲǰĴڡ
죬Ҳܰ쵽ǣǰһ磬лȴʵֵĿܡ
΢һɫڷһмϣõģԭڻħĴ
Ҫ֪֮Իǰڣǿܴڵĵ⣬һĿģȴΪɫ
ڵһУΨʧʱеĶܴ򣬾ͻֱɢ
䲻ܴһģһĶ
֮ǰҲ̤˻棬ʵ֤ɫûʧȻв²⣬֤󣬲˿
ɫԼ컯ˮá
֤ڻھʹˣʲôһ㣬ʥɴ½мء
ĳһ̽УһλʮطУʹһڵõ鵤ҩʵӹһ٣Ȼ̤֮ʱ˶λӰ׵Ĩȥ
֮ҲͰˣѪҲǷˣ鵤ҩ컯ˮʹúΪһ壬һ񶨣ʹҲ֮񶨣ҲǷ֤֮ǰóȻʹ컯ˮԭ
ڣûˡ
꣬~һѺѸ˳ɫתһƬƬİַ֮Դʱķ˵Ҫ⿪ûʲôѶȡ
ŵѣһâҲǴ渡ֳ
컯ˮ
һΰص컯ˮ֣¶Цݣ̵ĵƣ컯ˮ淨ͻͽȻͻƵ۷壬ȴҲ÷ʵ
ȵȡͻȻɴ۾¶֮ɫ
ǵ컯ˮ֮â͸˵ڶ컯ˮ⻹û꣬ڷŵĿУ컯ˮҲ֮֡
ΣһΣ컯ˮ󾪣û뵽ɫзģȻ컯ˮԶԤڡ
ܿعϲ
ȷʵҲû˵ֵֻܷһ컯ˮ
컯ˮѰ٣ֻ֮֮һ컯ˮڣֻ˵컯ˮȴܷġ
ǣļ̾λħ֪ĴˣȻһԵõ컯ˮȻǵ˷Ҳţ컯ˮᷢӳãΪлħ񶼲е



1811 
컯ˮ޾֮·ܣ⣬ȴҲ˶ġ
ԭԤڽһ컯ˮȻҲʵҪԭżķգڣȴĪİա
Ҫ˷ʱ䣬ʼɡ֪ԭˣһ̲ͣѰͻƵʱ٣ң컯ˮҲܳһ˷ӡҪʹͻɢˣҵ
һӷڷɳǰڷĿ£һΣΣ컯ˮȺǺŵĻϡ
컯ˮ֮ʱ·ǳ˯һȻһ𣬽ţǿҵâҫ֮УһƬƬչһεţʹΧĻʱ컯ˮĽ£ڲĻҲš
ŵĳ̺ؼİأȴûϾȥͣŻţĹâҲҫڣҲ̽״̬淨ϵ⣬㱻ƽ⡣
ŷļΧҲǷ䡣

ˡ
ڷʼ֮ʱԭˣҲǴȷ˷λãʹ׷طҲܼʱ׽٣ϾҲóֻصģʱ״̬׷طγ˲Сĸš
Ҳʹԭ׷ɱ֮ʱһģ÷һֱûץ
޵£޴ӡ
һֱ᲻թķٶ񼣬ʱûٸСƷ
ھԵǰκıƶû塣ԭˣڵλá
ʱͻȻڰϢĽ١
Ȼڵλãںڰգԭ˺ε̾Ͳͬ
ʲôһλʮطɫ΢䣬Ŀȥʱ֣ڵĵطĿ֪֮Զĵط˱仯
⡭⣬֮㣬ô£
˶ˣЩ󣬾һ˲䣬ΧĻ˱仯
ǿ
һ۷ԭ˿һӴ磬𽥳۽磬Ҫ֪ΧĴ磬϶Ǵݲһ飬ͲģʱֵЩ磬ԲǱƻЩ
䣬׷ʲôüߵüͷ
ǰڵصʮطۣڷҲǾĪͣס˽Ų
˭Ҳ֪ﵽ׷ʲôǷΧ֮䣬ǳǵ󣬲ò˾ͲΪǴͻ硣
˾䣬һ֮УͻȻɳһֻӴ
չڱ˴磬ǿҵĹâͻ棬ҫƬȺ䡣
ɹĵطγһգҫķ
˵ڡһĻԭһ
֪ǰһж䣬ģԭǾ˵ƣ˲
ô£ô£ѵǷģһʮط̲סе
֪淨УһźͽйأΪط󡣡
⻰Χ˶ǴһһǺͷйأڵ׷ʲô
û뵽ִ˵еû˵
һйءü侲
Դͷ޷串ǵĵ֮㣬ҲͳƻķΧ
⻰һԭǴüͷ
׷ɱģģǣ仹Ǵͻġ
һǽ֣ͻš
ΪǻС֮ʱ裬˵ķɣ籾ʷԣĲǸҶǳ֣ͻ䣬Ǵͻ磬ᾪʥһ㲻⡣
ĿǰΪֹûܿͻһλʥʲôʱڶ
ԭΪ׷ɱŽĻ棬бЩרоʷģһۿ
䡣ԭ
ƾһ䣬޷óۡ
˾ɵĿУչɹǣûдκ˺
û¡
ȻûǴһ
ʧȴûʧ
~
ңԶĵطȻһѳ쳹صĳɢ˷âţǵڶѣѣİѡ
İѾ޴ޱȵĳڻһγһѾ޴Ĺ⽣ĿȥƺıǨͣתţųܱ䡢˥ĸ̡
ͻȻѹ⽣͵ն磬ױȵķâһУһ׷ѳ
һ١
ۿһԭˣǴһ¶ǿҵĺɫһ֮½ǻҲĵɥ
֮֮һԽʮط۷
ط֮
淨Ƿģһ˵ʲô󣬾ͺ˵ˡ
ʷϣ޵ؽͽ淨ˣν֮١
֮ʱԭҲ϶ˣЩģǷɡ
֮£һʹƬڰޱȣȻϢģһոµĴ縡֣ӵ֮ʼܱЩڳָ֡о⴦类һ㡣
ֻء
˻ԭȴϳֻص䣬ͬ淨׾ܿ
ǷЩ䶼Ƿģ죬ҵԭвǿҵĲ
Ե޹ʵͣסЩ䣬Ųĸо
淨Ǽɬޱȣԣһ죬䣬δţǣԭԿ϶һ˾˵ı仯
ΪЩ䣬ޱǿҵвС
죬죬졭
ԭĴߴ£ʮطƴУܿ͸ϵĿĵء
ǺεӴ¸ԶĿ磬һȴ̫Сˣ˼ʹ֪˷ڣԭ˿
ˡʮط۾ϲţȴ˲ҽС
ͬʱԭҲǺԶĵطһɿֲޱȵ˿ʮط۵ϢǵĸӦгʧˡ



1812 ʧ
ˡ
ԭȻɫλɹȥʮطһλ۷壬Ȼڷ۷㲻ǿģȴҲ̫û뵽ôڷ¡
֪˲ɱ۷ʵȻ׷һֱӴܣͻҲ潻ֵʱЩиʱλʮطۣȻ𶯣ʶ׷ɱģһεȿµĴڡ
ƻָˣСġԭһ𺳵ˣѹ
ǺǣˣǰҲûз֮üߵ˾΢
¶λķӡ

ţһλ۷塣
һնɱ˶֣Ҳжϳһλ۷壬ʱѾЧҲ֮ʧ
û뵽Ȼô󡣡оϲ
λ۷ʱոս淨ͻͽĸ֮Уֱһն˳ȥһҲڻ˵˼㣬Է˲նɱ
Ҫ֪ǰȻҲնɱ۷ʵʹõĽȻǰһȴǽɴ˿ɼĽ֮
ʱ淨Ȼһǰδеľ硣
嵽˺̶ֳȣҲûףûϾȷжϣܸоնɱλ۷һԼļޣ淨ϵĽ׵ڻ㣬ʵ
컯ˮʵķԾԿѾ˴롣
ʣڲĻ껹û
ϧ绹Ƿۺڡľ磬ûз仯Ȼͣڷۺڣû˳ͻƵ۷塣
ҲϾͻƣҪĲ淨ϵĽбķ档
淨ƾͻƵѹأѹرͻƣ۷ˮɵ飬ò˶ã˳ͻơ
΢͵̧ͷֻڳĺڰգȻһ쳹صĽɫӣƳѹ£һ޴ӵĸо
λۼޣˡ
׹ȷķλҽӽһ󣬶ԷֱӶ֡
úá˫üһִڽһȻն
ڣһֻӴޱȵĽڣ˽ɫӣڼ䣬ÿһ𣬶̺޼᲻ݵĽ
~
ֻȻݺײһ𣬿ֲʱ籩㣬ɨԲ
ڱĵķ飬Ȼһײ֮£ɫӵҲǱˡ
Ƿһ㣬ɫǱɷףǷϵ飬ȴǲϲ
ûʹýȫһ˶ԷĹǽ֮ˣǰʹýĸΪǿ
Ҫ֪ڻǷۺڣҪ֪淨ϵĽûгڻͨˣȻһλۼ޵Ĺ
ˡ
ûԥһ󣬷ˣԶȥǿĻָѸٻָ
ûλۼһսףΪǳǡ
ۼޣʵ̫ǿˣԷˣʹʵҪԷϡ
Ҫʱ䣬ڻĽҪʱ䣬
Щ棬вģֻһλۼޣ˲ܣֱλۼ޿սĻǾ׶༪٣ϾЩ棬вٷ۷壬С

ʵȻˡüüͷ΢壬νУͲĽ
Щ䣬ȻǷģ֮󣬷ʵҲ
ƾвҡüЦ
ԭҲһν֣޲ڷǿ
Ź˶ãȻʵôܡһλʮطд˲ţǣ֪Ҫã˴Ľ
ٸʱˡԭҧǿҵĲãһҲɲȥ
ͬʱһ˽ɫӵķڶԷڶιǰ˲ԶԭأҪȾҪ룬ûлᡣ
ȻŷɳûԶͺһײ˿һϡ
ײײĵطӵ·𣬳˷Ѹӹȥתۼ䣬һӴޱȵĴ󣬾͸ڷǰ
ԭ׷ͬʱµ޵֤Ӳȥ
ԷٶȣҲûаգ
󷨣ۼһʱҲͻƲˡɫ΢䣬һײжϳ󷨵ǿȣǶԷ׼ģͬСɡ
~
ɫѹ£ٴι˷
һնӻˣûгȥͻ󷨣תˣͬʱӰҲѸٱ䵭ʧ˵еȥʹǽɫӵһѹ£ֲɨķҲûн
ʧˡԭ˲ţһһλʮطۡ
ó׷ط֮ǰҳķλá
ȻʱλʮطۣȴãȻΪһ㶼ûв׽λãۼû֡
㡣ԭֻ֪أ׷طżĸţֻҪ֣ÿһζ˳Ľҳ
üҲû֣ͣһƺȻ£ͼ޵ķ޴ѹܲס
˵Ŀ⣬ۼԭλʮطϣȫʩΪ£˵ӰҲƺҲ֮ʧ
ʱһһţԭϵ飬ԭɣıԽԽء
ûС
ûа㷽ĺۼôתֻأǳ׵ʧ䣬ûκκۼ
ԭɫʱޱȵѿ
Ϊ֪ζŷֻϵ裬ѾԶԶԽ



1813 նɱ
ô£ԭɫ
Ϊʲô׷ɱԭ򣬲Ϊв
ڷǰֻصУģĻҲȵ϶㣬ִֻ̨Ĵڡ
ǣһֱ֣ӴΣ̶ǧ䣬ͻվͬһ߶ȣȴߵƣȴҲевȷϣ˺̹ĶʦƶԷʥˣ֮׷ɱ˻ƻ磬ƶᣬҪһв
ڣû֣ʱ䣬µ飬Ѿ
ֻϵ裬ѾԶ
ʱķֻ̨߳ԶʮĲ㣬Ǿʮ㣬ԭ֪Ҳô쵽ֻڶʱͻͽֻ֪ɱûһ˿һϣ
ԭޱȡ
Ȼû֮жȴȶˡ
һ⣬ӺڰէȻɳնһ۷ֲһУ۷¶֮ɫţͻһѪ䵱
~
ǿ̺˽ԭ˷׷׳֣ǣӰƻãеǿ󹥻ϣиı˷򣬴˿ȥͷ·ΧƬǲƵá
򷨲֡ԭ䡣
ֻͬصȻϳ˷õֻصĽʱʩչ򷨲֣Ҳ֮
Щһ֣Ȼ޷Ʒ򷨲״̬
ֻǿʼһ֮Уٴʧ
緽˵һвŸտʼ
ڰüߵľ޴ѹ£淨ò˶ãͽ淨ϵĽ׵ڻֻͨأʱޣĿըѹģͬʱҲ淨Уȱյġ
ֻǷ淨УѶģһгɣ÷ڲ֮ء
ԭԭһвʱȴҲͲڡ
֮䣬ûκֵܷˣûÿһγ֣Ȼһ䣬ʹǷ۷壬ڷǰҲһնɱ
ɢɢ
ԭ˿Ҫˣȫû뵽Ȼҡһ䣬Ϊ˿ֲĴڡ
Ҳλã޷ԤϷʲôʱᷢǵȫۼһҲûãֻҪ֣Ȼնɱһˣǵķڴ򷨲ֵķϣȴûκô
ΨһԷвİüߣҲΪÿγֶΪ꣬ȺУȫ֣˼޹ֻĿһλλʮط۽䡣
ۿһͬԼǰ˶ˣǣҪһеʱȴֲµ޵סǵȥ·
~
һγ֣նһλʮطʱüߺȻˣֲĽɫ޷˷
ǿݺײһ𣬷򷨲ֵ״̬̱ƣۼ޵ȫ֣Զˡ
ȻҲǴ򷨲ְˣʱķ粻ǰܱȡ
ŲһˣޣΪĿʮطۣˣǱüȫһķ飬ü߲һɱԼˣȴûв
ֲ˷йҪ
ڷʱȴѾʮһɵֵ
ˣˡһĻԭжʱ¶֮ɫ
ֶΣвҲ벻İ취ԵǰһмıûôȻ˫λãȴѾ˹
~
һնָԭ
ס֡üŭԭɲˣʥ״ӣ۵λֺ
ԭҲɫ䣬ȻʵԶһ۷ܱȣȴҲûģܽ·һԥѸʧޡ
ףԭһ֣̾˳Էֻͬأңǳߣ²ͻǰ֮¡
ԭ㡣Ժ˼תϵĶȴûκֹͣһնǰĲֱʧ׷ԭޣ˻ѹ޵ˣڷǰȴûκ塣
֮УһӴޱȵ翪ٳԭվֻ룬ŵ˼㡣
ͬʱüҲȫ֣ҪϷ׷ؾȡ
԰üߵĹӶڽޣԥһնȥ
~
һ⣬㴩ֻ硣
ԭԭ˱һֳ룬ţֻҲѸٱһ
ֻϵľ޴࣬ԭķڷǰͬ߹һ



1814 һش
~
ԭһնɱü˫ĿԲ챻ˣʥ״ӱնɱԼǰصǣǹŽ̫ؾڣˣԭˣûỤҲ˵ԭһǳ׵ˣðü߻ȥνβŭġ
Ҳȥ
üŭΨһĲȰ취ǵɱ˷ԭҪҲԶġ
ûκεĹ˼ɣüȫ֣ɫӳڰգֲ˷ը
Ȼһˣͱޣնɱԭڰüߵƴ£Ҳ˵Ĵۣڻǿָ£ת۾ʧ
ԭҲֻ֮ˣȴûκԷ׷ɱȣңֻ̨Ҳĵ֮Ĳɱ鲻й¶˵ϣȴ档
ԭһûκв
üߵĹǿҲв޵ķ
ƾٴɱһһλʮطۺɱɫŭѹȴԱߵʮطɱ
ڷͰüߵĹ£ʮط˴ûһ˴
ֻʣ·Ͱüˡ
޵£ӲȥüȴҲҲλã޲ߡ
еĻͳһս
ֻۣͷβ𣿡

ɫֲϺķ
Ը
ڣˣնɱԭ˺ûκιǡ
Ҳ֪ڵʵܲսۼޡ

ü߻Ľɫӣ˵ֱһѹҪǡ
ڣüҲԼնɱ˷ģһУܽ롣
նɱˣȴ÷û취
޵Ѿ£ӲȥֻҪǻδǰ;ҲֲԼ©
ȻҲһ㣬ҪѳȾͱüߣ򣬶ԽԽ
ԵͷѹµľƣӶгƽƽն
ûκοֲŷһն䣬ڰ׽֯Ĺâг˷Ѹӿȥ̷֮췭ظı仯
һɽεضɽˮӺ
ǰģٲǱĺڰգһĴ硣
ֻ硣
һȻпٳֻ磬ֻ缱ţת۾ͽС
ʲôطüߴһ
ͻȻ䣬ͱ磬üߵһʱʶⲻǸκһ磬֪ģȻͬ磬оǿҵĸ롣
ų⣬ѹơ
һڴ˷Ĵڣǿн룬̾⵽˾޴ų⣬ͬʱǿѹƣĽɫѸСϢҲǶȻͣ·ϡ
ָоǽ˸߲磬ͣʱ䣬Ӷܵų⡣
ų̶ȣȸ߲
ֻųѹ£ٽͣҲֲ۷״̬۷ȴˮû˿
ɡ
û˷ʱ䣬üʵĴڣܿͻᱻųȥʱ䲻ࡣ
ǰǲܽۼ⼶ֻģȻֻؾͻƺȴܰ쵽üֻ磬Է
㲡Ҫ
кâһȻ֡
ն
ûκαȫһصĻɫէ֣ն˿еĽɫ޷
֮淨ͻƶʱնڷʩչԽǰκһΡ
һն£ֻﶼ
ǿҵв͵سϰüͷ⻹Ǽսһθов
һ۷嶼ǵļһȻв˷ۼޣܻĸоȴ˲òϡ
ơüŭҪ֮ǰն
Ȼȴ۷֮¡
~
赲ľ޴ֱ֣ն룬ɫκݺն˽ɫϣֻ𣬳쳹صĽɫ޷ҲѸٱ
~
Ѫü߱ޣصʵ磬ήҲҲǿҵš
һն֮ǿ־岻ѣһ㣬ͽնɱˡ
ӹһ٣üҲشʵ˴룬һˡ
ôܣôܡ
ûиü߻ָĻᣬò׽֮شѵõĻᣬȻݴ
ɫٶۣȴС࣬Ҳû޴ڵĿ¸оңҲԶû֮ǰôʵ
ɱ~
˼սһɱѷѽ⡣
ش֮󣬰üڵ뷽ͬһΡ
ִͽڽȫһսÿʱỵ̈µĸµĽ֮ڻͨʵ;ٶ
ڣ˫һᣬе
һ硣



1815 ͬھ
һ硣
ŷеרעеĳҲǻնȥ
~
һѤ·ʱһâƺʱսᣬӿٵзɳնĻ
ڣһ˲ͳأڱз绪
ڰüߣȴһն˲䣬ɫ䣬ԴǱشһ£ţ͸оضѹͬ㸲
ⲻǴΪü߻Ľɫӣһѹ£ɢļ
ѹüߴʧɫ֮ᣬϲʲôȻʥĴѹźܴ𣬿ɵЧȴǷǳƣӰ쵽
һУҲİ
һ磬ڽ޵֮
ʩչһĽޣ޲ʮطеٮٮߣ绪Ĵڡ
û뵽һޣǶԽ޵⣬ȻǿֵزȻʩչһ硣
䣬һĿֲҲǳ׵չֳ
صĽ⣬͸޼᲻ݵζʼɱһŷΧڵУʻȫ
ЩַΧڵĴ磬ǰüߵˣҲ޷״ݻ٣ȻһĲкȻĽɱ£ȴѸٵʧݻ١
ⲻ˵һܣȫһˣ¶Ĳ֣ܲסʼ⣬ĳ˵Ҳ˵ǣĨȥ
һ£ｫսᣬ׵Ļ
ɴ½ʩչƤëʱʹģϵһ硣
ססüо״Ͼʶһס
ɱ˫ߣⷽ棬λķۼޣȲˡ
һ֮ʹȫʢʱڣδֵܵ˵ˣͬһΣʵǣһ£ɡ
ɱ£ɫӷɢ
ҵģҪһͷü;֮ɫڽҪǰгһ⻬ľӡ
ŰüߵĴ߶ϸ˲Ӱţͽʧһֻ޴ƣ͵شʧ̽˳
ֻһֲ֣ͳһѹ˲䱻ɢʧ
ݵĿֲϢգֻ͵̽ңң
~
һ̣ƺشﶼһ£Ϊޣ±Ѹٴݻٵкֱӻҷ
ԭ˲µ޵ı飬ֲ˷ȥϯ˲֪﷽Բ˴
ԭأǷǰüߣʧ١
ﲻ档
Ȼֲһƣǰüߴģû⣬ĵķǣĲˡ
ǰüߵĵƣı
üǷۼޣĵλҲλ۷壬ȥ
澵ģʥһ֣ѷֵҡ
üߺڵ״̬ʹ߱ͬɱûκΰ취ΪһסʹòʹñȻˣȻҪŷһȥ
ʩչһ磬Ȼֲʥǰȴ㲻ʲôˡ

ս֪ԶĵطһͻȻӺڰзɳ׹һ˴ӣѪ죬ȥޱȣʥһ£ӹһٵķ
üƴһҪ뷽ͬھȻԸΥӳ졣
ʥȻֲʥȴûн٣һʶģ޲Ĺ
еңʵҲǽȣʩչһ磬Ҳ˲ͷޣֱܹһ֣ؼ÷
еңôһҪЩ˵ʹ죬ͷȴʮɡ
ʥ֣ҲģԵ׼ҲĿ
һͻ磬εȴҪСĶࡣ
ϾһλʥʵԶʥ֮ϣʹǽֵನҲǿֲޱȣʥɴ½𣬸÷лǿָ£Ȼ֮á
£Ҫһˡ쿴ƣ¶Ц
ʥɵƣô׻ָģǰʱʥ֣ȴͬûʲôڻƻ磬ֻ̨£Ҳ÷ᵽʥǺεȵĿ¡
ңƿȥأȴԶûһǰԻָ



1816 δ֪ؾ
ܸ˵Ĵۣûκΰյɫ
Ҫ֪Ķ֣һλۼޡ
һλõķۼޣˣȴ˷ľ磬ȴûͻƵ۷壬ǺεȾ˵ĳɾͣȥĻ»䶯磬ٴʶλ۵Ŀ¡
һսʵȻﵽ˷ۼһߣ֮档
Ҹطúˡ񣬷ʱеһƣӿͷһսģҲǷǳĴ󣬸ᣬڻˡ
ʱ򣬳һλǿߣǷۼޣǷ۷壬ԴʱķһСв
ⲢǲܣһսǺε֮ʥٵΧڶ磬˵ҲһβС˺
ˣôڣûʥע
ʶһ⣬Ȼѡ
֮ǰǴڼս֮УϾ˼̫࣬սиʶ
ǵսǳ󣬿ʥһĴڡ
ͻ磬ֵķΧǳ󣬾Զ磬ȴҲ㲻Сһ磬ǵֵʥԪ֮ʼλʥ涼ˣɼڴͻڣʥĸʷǳߣʥɴ½ļУ֤ʵһ㡣
ڣȴһλʥû֣ѵһ㶼
ôΪ
ʥͰü߶һĴڣô⣬ʥأǿһλʥ
ͻڣʷʱڣʥڵĿԣ΢΢ΪǵʥԶûǰԶڻźۼ
ˣһλδİʥ󣬻ᱻʥӡ
ǣЩʥڽҪͷûй漰ֻǵû
ܣܿ챻ų
ȻϲĸʷʱڣҪ˵ʥˣֱǱȵ컹ѣڲܡ
֮⣬뵽һֿܣһʣתͷ
ؾ
ǵģؾ
ؾĴڣǳ⣬ͬڵЩ磬˵ͻչֵģһؾڵ磬˵ͨˡ
ԲСؾȻͻǺֵܴķΧ㣬ǣؾȴҲȥ
ؾдС̫ؾеؽĸĶ磬Χ֮㣬Զڴͻ֮ϡ
̫ؾڵ򸽽ؾΧҲǼһɽĴ磬ЩǲȱģҲܿؾǺεȵĹޱߡ
˵ͻ磬һؾڵĻ¾һؾɱȣȼؾ֮£Ż÷ǲãҲû쳣ֱʱž
֪һؾԺת
ʮ󶥼磬޲ؾ֮ڡ
ؾӦòǷ֪Щؾ٣жڵؾǵսʥ
Ҳ˵пڵʱͺͬȻҲпܾһİؾüͷ΢塣
жϲʱʷʱڣ֪ĳؾΪ̫Զ絽˶绹ûڣϷ˵Щؾȴûȥûϳ
ҡҡͷûжȥһУǵ˺Ժ̽ɡ
ˣʮʱ䣬һԱ󣬷ж
ϣȷʵһؾ
ǣһؾȴӴЩˣԼؾ֪˵ؾˡ
ҪȥǿһЩĵطջ񡣡˼
˷ʱÿϧ
ڣһλۼ޵ţˣȥͣڻƻʱ䣬Զûޣڼȡ
ңؾҲ˷ŨȤ
֪Щؾ֮һפǿõĵطޣأһδ֪ؾǷ
ɴ磬ǷеĿ֪꣬ɴǿơ
պ׼ʮطڶ࣬ۼҲкüλʵֻʥɴ½֮ϡ
Ӧܲ鵽֪ġ
һᴩڰգȻͣӰֳңǰĴ磬ɴ硣
ţʲôӣôˣĿЩɨΧ֣֮⣬ŴˣӲͬɴ磬ɴǿ磬ȺڶǺ¡
ǣע⵽ɴ˶ʵǿиǲʮطһģЩʮطۣȫǷɴ˹϶вġ
ǿƼ۷ɣԵѰˡ



1817 
뵽üͷ΢壬廯Ϊ׹⣬һȥ
һˣ٣ǿһλߣȻһλʮطֻۣǷ۳ڰˡ
׹ǰʱ˴󲿷֣ɢݳĿֲƣɫ䡣
㡭ʲôǰɾǷɴ硣λǿߣǰһ˻סȻȴǳ˽ţΨַǲ
Ҫᡣٴеˣ˰֣ұչض꣬£ż˴˳ŷɴ֪˺£
һ鷳ģ˶ʱ˿
֪ǣ𾴵

Ĭһ飬ѳζǣȴûзκصӡ󣬲Ҳû̫⣬Ͼؾ֮ǿڶ࣬Ҳÿ˶ʶ
Ϸɽ磬ǰΪɴټ˵Ҫҵ飬ĪǸûнӵ룿ɽ͵
΢΢ҡͷˣĻյʲô롣
Ҫ̣Īǣָ֮ǰս˼ü֮սƻ㣬ΧĴ羡Ҫ˵ؾڵǿ߾裬ҲΪ
ּȻûнӵ룬ͬУɽͻȻ
д⡣¶һ˿Цݣ۾ͻȻ˺ڰ׽֯ĹâĿɨɽʱһͣţͻָ
֮䣬תֻأ޸˺ɽ˵ļ䡣
ݣ˺ɽĿ䣬ǰͶ£ͬɽһǰɴ硣
Ǳݣ»𲻱Ҫˣ뱾棬õѡ
һ֮Уɽûͣŷɴȥɽ˻ϣûжɡ
ںɽ˵Ĵ£˳Ľ˷ɴ硣
ĵȼߣȻ綥磬ȴҲǶ֮⣬߼Ĵˡ
ӺɽУǴλټǰԺ׼ĻȻһλ޵зۡ
ʥ֮£޵ֵǿڡ
ּĴǰأ˶ãԷҲδػע
ؾ
Ƿģؾ֡
÷ЩǣɽȻ֪ĴڣҲûָؾȫҲûʥĴڡ
˷˵սûκʥĹעΪûʥ
޵зۣȻǿޱȣʥȣȴԶԹעһս
ѵ˵һյؾԡһ²⣬̱
ԴʥˣؾȻʥϵҪôʥ뵽Ҫôǣᵮһλʥ
Լһ£˵Ĳˣɽ˱ɴˣһ޴Ĺ㳡
ΧȫؾڸǿߣУȫһ㶼ۡ
~
ͻȻضζһ£һӳڹ㳡ǰĸ̨ϡ
ǿޱȵƣɨ㳡˶ǲԭЩӵĹ㳡һӰ
˽ܣ֪λӿ϶λ޵зۣɴ
λҹΪ¡ӵĿɨˣ
ʮǰڳϴΧһսٵڶ磬֪ǺΪңȥȻţҶΪ֮ľǿ־
⻰һڣ˶ʱȻ
ӿǷؾһĴڣΪ֮־壬Ǻεǿ󲻳Ǻʵǣûֲֿܵ
Ҳ̽꣬ȴһ񣬵Ĵڣҵ˵һ޴вӳ
˷׷׵ͷޱȣû˻ɰӵĻºһսģֹǷɴ硣
˾޴вԵɣûİǴλٵǳϴȣ´λٵģܾԼڵĴ硣
Ϊˣټǰ׼ɽӦһвӼ˵
˵ʲôûȥˡ
ɽȻǰɽоû뵽ڣ֡
λ֮ʥ֪ȥ򣬲֪䣬޷ȻΨִǾǣɽ®
ţλʥ١
ǣ˭ҲǴ˵еİɽġ
ҲŬõѼһйڰɽϣȴҲһǸطƺͲ磬ɹǲ޾硣
ʱ֮Уȴڻõ˴𰸡



1818 
̫ˡоϲû뵽磬Ȼջڷ컯ˮϾɽܹܿϵ֮
֪ؾ֮ȷϣ磬ţȥһ֮ܽҳ
ؾû˵
Щؾǰһͻ磬Ԫǰһߣһյؾ֪Ȼɽ֣˵ؾͲһ֪
֮ûҵɽֻ֪ɽͷؾȴ֪֮Ĺϵڷйؽڣ֪ɽڷؾ֮УҪҳӦò¡
ܣ⣬ҪŪɽԱպ̽졣
ҪɽҲһ֮
ټˣһƻ󣬾ɢȥȥ׼
û˷԰ӵļƻϴȵҲоţ˭Ҳ³ͷϡ
Ҳźɽˣعס
ӣȫڰɽһѶϢ˶Ϊɽ׼ţΪҲԵͻأ
ֻڰɽѶϢ֪ĺ٣֪ɽǷؾҪĵطĿӰؾܿܿˣˣʶĪв󣬰ӵ˲Żѡɽ
ϧˡ΢΢ҡͷ
ɽˣ֪̫٣Щ˱ͲǷؾڵĶӴ⼶ܣڰɽİأڷɴȼǿĴǰӵˡ
Щ˵ʵ޵зۣǷۼޡ
ôţҲԸݾߣǿԼǷؾˣ롣
ĬĬȴУɽӣҲ֮
һգٴξۼˡ
λɽڽաӵȫʹ˶¶ϲ֮ɫǵȴһ죬Ѿܾˡ
ûж˵ʲôϻӴˣ뿪˷ɴ硣
ɴλãλڷؾ˵ķУΧԽԽտڰ֣һҲģ壬Ѽ
Բ֪ڰӵĴ£ǰһĹ켣ǰţûκιɿԣĻʹ˴Ҳκ쳣
ĬĬĽ·߼
֪˶ãͻȻǰһӴޱȵӰֳȺУѾһɧ
ɽǰɽɽѾ˳
ɽ֮£ʵ΢߸岻֣˶ڷɴ磬Ҳֻкɽͷ˲롣
ۿ⴫˵еİɽɽǼ֡
ĿҲΪ֮һæ˹ȥȻǾһƳͿӴӰͬλӰѸٵȥһܿȥֲǰɽһжѸٵȥ
ɽ鼤˵ʲôǣȴʲôˣΧһͬһ԰׵Ļɿɫʧ
ǡ˳ס
û룬ҲǻıԵ˻ֻһԭǾǻˡ
ڻڲԶЩСͻڣٴλĽǴͻ磬ôܡ
ţͻĳʱ䣬ΪԶСͻ硣
һͻ磬֮ãҲûǸ뿪ڲŹȥ˶ꡣ
˵ʱڵ㲻ͬǱܻɣǲԼʱ򣬻ͽӽŻ˶ݣ磬ԲŻɽ֮أǺģŸ볡ŸչôܾͽԾͲ
ӵɻḶ́ȴǲתġ
ۿŰɽǰҲֻĿһжȥţڻ棬ȫǸ硣
~
գһص棬͸оֲӭʹڵҲǸеľ
ԥ̽򷨲ֵ״̬Ȼ״̬̾ͱƣѾûޣܹ˺ȻɱȻ˵ˣڻǿָ£ת۾ͻָ
ʲôһôû뵽ճ˹ԷʵҪǰü֮ϡ
תų˶ԷԼ˵Ŀܣһλ׷ɱʮطۣڻڣҲ֣˵ʵͰüڲ֮䣬ôв
ǵˣǾİˡ
ģԶֹʥɴ½ˣֻǣڲͬĻ磬ûˡ



1819 
ȣ֪濴ƽĳǷһϹڻڡ
˭ˣǻ塣ޣԶֲķٷȥֱ紫ݽѾвʱͣĿңңȥ
Զڰü֮ϣˣʱ޷Ƴ˵Ĺȴԣʹ÷ò롣
һȥҲǿ˽ս˫
뷽ϽģһֻӴĻ壬ʨͷʱ뷢ŭţһƬƬۼĹâתţʨͷŭۼ΢΢⶯ɣɲǼ䣬һΧѳֲƣ˷ɢй
ʨɫһ䣬ϳֻ
һʮֺĻ壬Ȼϡ٣ÿޱǿ׺ɨһ壬ʱʨĹҲ׹ԷĹ޲ΧٶǰҲû壬塣
ǰĻ壬ûһֻʨȡ
˭Ȼܵסǿ飬ʨŭӣƺκβ˵ˡ
ٴȥӴʨĶȴҪС࣬һᣬ÷һʱһ
ʦ֡¶֮ɫʨĶ֣ȻĴʦ֣档
鸮ʱ򣬷µӰһ۾˳
û뵽Ȼ棬Ҳ֪θ롣
Ȼ֪ǰͽ˻棬ǻô󣬻Ҫһˣڴ룬ǿޱȣܽĻ磬ҲܣԷͶˣҵ뷨û뵽ƫƫʱˡ
취ʦһ֮ѹпϲ侲
ĳʨʵڲ֮䣬˫˭Ҳκβ˭ʱڣֲʤ
ѰһᣬһжǬ
ʨʵԶ֮ϣóȻ֣ǵûκô֮ǣֻǱţѰʵĳʱ
ͷϣͣһֻɫŶڣһƲײϣʱ˾޴𵴣ȴԽ֮ƣв档
ֻҪɫŶƣڲ֮أ뷽򷨲֣֮ͬ
ȻǷĻЩƹ£ܿͻᱻƣ򷨲ŷֻԽҲԽԽǿ
ɫŶ⣬ܣһɫ֣Ѹ磬żɶʨһѪۣƥ
ֻʨӴ󣬻ָǾˣ˺Ѫת۱պϣ첻ɶơ
⻹ǷһΣ⼶ս
һ۾ͿĺɫŶɫ֣ĵرɣĽڽһ淨Ĵ߶£ףʨǰв󣬵Ϊ̫ǿ
һķۼޣȫ֣˺ɫŶ٣ɫֵն£̾ͻᱻشնɱ
Ǵʦ֣ʹ޵зۣҲԶ˰ɡףʵѾ˷ۼ۷壬ȻʨҲһ
ۿ⼶ĴսԷ˵Ҳǳ
ţ
ſţҲǷһ쳣
ʨûͣһأתս˺ܴΧǣûһ硣
ڻڣڶ࣬ҲӦв٣һ綼ײȥ˵ʨԴ˵طǳ˽⣬ܿ˻ĻȴҲ˵ȥΪǺ棬ͬûһ磬Է˵ޱİġ
Ϊ˶˵սನҲȫѭ˵·ߡ
ٻ𣬷ؾڵǸ磬Ҳ޷ٴνˣЩ򣬶ʨĳַЩ磬ʱرա
һֻҪս˼
ңڷҲҪٵģ˴ӻڳⳡսҪı
֮ǰ룬ȷʵǲģӦúʹʦʨйء
ڻزȥؾڵĻ磬Ҳٶ롣
ʱţʨԽԽң˵ҲԽԽ󣬽ģ˽ƣĵز
ڡץסһΣʨ¶ϳ֡
һ̤ն˲ʩչݺնʨ
~
ʨȫû뵽ͻȻϮǿ֮ĩҲӷĹ
ննʨӴϣʱѪɽ˺һĿĵľ޴Ѻۣ㽫նϣ֮أԶɵƣ;ĩ·Ҳȡĳɹ
һУ̺ˣʨķˣˣһɽײҲǻ𣬻··ѿæޣ漰ʱ֣ӵ
ƽⱻƣȻȫ֣ʨնɱ



1820 
սһֱȵನƽϢŴ߳Զһ
Сܼʦ֡
ʦ֣⻰һ㶣ϵҲǻһЩ
Ҫ֪ôһڰˣζ˵Ƕʨ˵һСвݲ⡣
ȫʢʱ滹ںвովһսͬĴĻȷʵҲǲСв
Ȼ֮ǰ֣شʨһǬȴҲ޷¾衣
ڣûмأǴ󷽷߳б¶ݣȴһֳ⣬Σɲ١
Ҵʦ֣ѵʦյĵӣɻ
δصǣڻҲ޷ϵ˸֪λСʦܡ
Ӧôһӣ
뵽ĿϸһҲһ
ۺڣôܡ
ǵúʨһﵽ˷ۼ޵ĲΣһӿԽ磬β֣ȻԼ磬ҲǺպľţɽĴڣȴҲһ
ˣ滹ͻȻ𣬾Լƻ磬ؽʧȥϵ궼û
Ҳ˵ʱĬĬɳ˵ز
⵽ʲôпЦԼ²ȷģλСʦܣĲˣЩţλСʦǰֱǲֵһᣬҲѹʦӡ
˼䣬Ҳûгɡ
֪ҪƾԼݣ⿿տڰ׻ǲеģңʹ֤ԼݵĶ
һһõĽУͶӰ
ڻڣؽЧ㣬ҲָỹܱԼʱͶӰ֤ݣȴǹˡ
ͶӰ渡˳ֱͷ֡
һĻǷϵλãʱȻҳݵ֤óͶӰ£ԷݣѾ˰˾ųɡ
Сʦܣû뵽㣬ղţ֡Ц֤̬Ⱥ˲١
ǿ鸮ڵԣİɣ
Ϊʲôڻ棬Ҳܿ˳
š
ϣҲǾڻƻڵɽڣʲô׷ɱ
򵥵ĽһЩԼͬʱԼΪʲôƻ磬Լ⵽׷ɱ˵˳
ʲôȻ˸׷ɱ㣬ǲ֪ŭˡ
㷽ʦܣƾؼʱ̵ĳ֣Ҳȫվڷһߡ
ôĵӡĿ䣬ֻûڣûмʱϷЩˣ֮ء
ߣͰȥǡ˵꣬תҪȥ
ʦڻ棬ǻҪ𣿡ȵ
鸮ԣ˵ڹ޻ǧ꣬Ӧǲųȥ
ǺǣһȺ߹ˣܵ˶ʱ䡣浭ȫûڳڵЩ˷
̾ĻҪɱȥҲҪһѪսϾҲһλۼޣ˵б飬ʹ÷ҪɱΧżΣգþһҲΪȴֻ߹
ûлĻʨһսȫӻЩˡ
ҲǺ£ûоܾ棬ٷȥ
һ·ϣûнκһ磬ǰһޣԭԶڷȴǿϣɢһĲȥʹ;Ļ׷׹رա
ʦ֣ôһ£ʵ
Ҳûһżɴ˷
˵ַļ󣬷Ҫʹã֮ǰҲΪ˱⣬Ųϧ۵ʹһţʨҲһţǺʩΪڴս֮ʱûн磬ͬʱҲǷɿġ
Ϊ˾ڣҲʹһţȻҲûЩ˷ԭڣʹһЩҲڻ¡
Σأ͵ȼĻ˵ϴͻ磬Ѽʱ룬ˣط֮ǰײҪ档ľ̸֮
ΪȻ
ҲҲѣ磬ı޾磬ǾΣˣ뾡룬һȫĽ׶ΣЩ˵·һ
ǣͻǺε֮Щű޷ʱ룬ҲǺܳġ
޾УʹңҲ֮ǣСʦܣҪ棬ͱգ˲İ취֣ص
˲룿һ㶣ְ취
ǵȻûְ취˭棬ԼЦЦ˶٣תȽЩˣҸ㡣

һĿʶȥֻڣǰԶһ·ûнκλ磬ٶȿ쵽˼㣬Ҳ÷ЩӦ



1821 
ʦ֣ȳȥǲǻ⡣
žڲԶĳڣ£˵
ô˵Ҳûɵġ
ܵڣѾȥʮ꣬Щδػڳڸ䶯Ҳ˵Ͼʮʱ䣬ǰüߵ˻ûнع飬ôҲ񼣬Ҳý
򣬷ǿǵ
Ǻεɽӽ޵з۵綼ûмպյĴֻҪһ¶棬Щ˾Իϳҳ֮ززڰĻҲûа취治һֱŷʱ̱
ˣˣΪնЩ֣һݣõİ취
ڵʵҲõģȲ֡
Ҳá˵ͷͬˡ
һȻǴ˳ڣһ̤˻棬ûм뿪ĿΧһƬƽûκηҲûκ顣
ܵһĿ⡣
ЩĿ⣬δؾ׷ɱЩ˵ģҲп⣬Ҫռ˵ĸ顣
ȻġȻ
˵üߵ׷ɱ˵ķȫҪãǳٳٲ˼ĸо
ߡ
ЦһҲûгɣѸٻԶȥ
СӣҪߣһ಻סˣһɫŨڷǰסȥ·
һֻ壬ںУֻܿ޴ĺͫζǡ
ЦгնȻֹɢҲһնΣ䡣
ҽðգֻ˵ģǿȥֻ壬۷嶼ǣһնɱ
~
һҲɱĻһֻֻӰɱ˳
ʥɴ½Ŀֲ飬ЩֻᵱûԲ֣һˣҾԶ˼ɵβ̰Ҫõڻڵջ
Ȼ壬ͽڽӶţĻһֻֻնɱ
Ƿۺڣ۷Ļ壬ǰҲǱնɱ
ڣһֻۼ޼Ļ֣ס˷
⼶Ļ壬ͷǳϡ٣ʵǿԼ棬棬˳Ľֹһȫ壬ȫֻ֣˿·硣
ΧĻ嶼ˣû뵽һ粻ߵ࣬Ȼǿ˵ز
һߴţһѸԶ룬һҪߵĸо

׷ɱˣڳˡ
ĺΪ׵ĸۣ׷ɱ׷ɱˣƮΪǰ׷ɱ˻棬ȫ˵ˣƮ
緽ϣüߵ˳ٳٲȷʵĺвϾҲͻɣеؽĴ
Ψ˰㣬δǰǲֱЩѷѽ⣬Ͳס
̶ʮ꣬ͳɳز֮ǰʵ췭ظ
Ǿ֮࣬Ҳ¶˾ģҪڷܶԸʱδǵ֮֡
ʵҲǽ⿪ǵɻ
ôһеؽĿܾʹΪͣеӳ֡
ˣҲѡˣΧΣʱ̣Ҫһ
İɫצ̽ݺץ˷Ʈ񾳵λۼ޳ˣŷֵʱҪһ
ĺˣҲȫ֡
λۼޣһǿһ͵Ϯټ˵ĹƣûȻϣȴûκλң֮ɫ
Ʈ񾳵ķۼޣ͵ӿĸоɫצһͣߣǣȴˡ
ߡ
һߣңң
ţһɫּɶ˲ʹս
ǺһӸֳǿҵĿ־壬һѪߴͷᴩֳ룬ţͱѪ
ֻۼ޼Ļ壬Ҳû⣬ɫնɱӺ󣬾ͼնŭҪֵȴɫ״նΡ
תۼ䣬ۼ޾ͽ䡣
սΧ̼ͽ㣬УĿ־塣
תҪӣǴɫϣȴȻâ˶ᴩţͻһƬƬѪ
ֻգۼ䣬Χڶĺˣȫ䣬ޱѪ
ΨһȻģзһˡ



1822 ѡ
ǿ
ΧԼڶĺˣǷۼ޻Ƿ۷壬ûжһ˲ͱնɱɵһ
֪ǿҲʨĴսǴ˿̣Ȼ̲ס𺳣ҲǸп֣ҺʨĴսԼûóȻ֣ʨһηܽɱ
֮ǰǳ˫ನ϶ޣ˺ܴһ˺ŻˣҲûпܣһԵȴʱ
һϾͳһ亹ҺԼڲԵʱ̶ޣʨսΧĹ۲첻꾡Ϸ޵Ϊǳܲס˵ನҷһ㣬ʨע⵽Ĵڣ룬Ͼʱ棬֪ݣά
ҡҡͷҵ˼Ժ󣬷ĺ֮ת档
лʦ֡лһ֣ĺ֮ǡ
׷ɱЩˣʹЩ©֮㣬ҲΪˣ˵ȫû˺󻼣ȫһ֮䡣
޷һЦɱĺˣ˵ȫֵһᡣ
кδ㣿Ŀɨڵʵʸڻƻˣǣ粻㣬ǲҪڻƻͣãӰ쵽δĳɾ͡
Ǻε۹⣬ϾͿڻƻͣʱ䲻ˡ
Сʦܣǳء
ǷۺڣͲۼޣ츳δŵģҲˣΪʲôʦ·ͬʱҲΪʲôЩƶ׷ɱƻ磬ȫΪĻδĳɾͻޱȾˡ
ôһǰ;СʦܣɲϣƻӰ쵽δ
ԣ΢΢ͷĻ
ʵʵǾ磬ڻǷۺڣոոӦĴڣԶԶ޷ȣʱڣ൱ڸճӤ׶ǳܵƻȾӰ졣
Ȼһķۼһϸ£ȻڵֵƻȾϣȴԶԶߡ
մȾ̫ƻϢᱻĴų⣬Զ޷ɾʥ֮λ
ڻڣܱƻȾʵȻ
ȷʵڻ磬米Ļ磬ܵƻȾһ㣬ڴͻڣᣬǣԶڻһ˵нһա
ƻȾʱŶӴ󣬶ڻڣֹʣֻӹһʱһ̾ͻܵԶսʱȾ޷ӱܡ
ڣҸѡ񡣡£滺һѡ̻뿪ƻ硣
һͣƻڣϲκвֻǣһ˻ƻ磬ҾΪˡ
֪֮ǿҲԶʥĶ֡
ʥҪԷ֣ûκΰ취ֻܿȥֵ
ڶѡ񣬾ǼڻƻֱӵиǿҲұ֤ۼޣǽ۷壬ûģڻƻ̫ͣãױȾı׶ˡ
ѡ񣬾ͿԼˡ֣ص
ʦ֣ѡڶûκԥ̻شƻ磬Ŀġ
áĵ˵ͷѡ񣬲Ԥ֮⡣
Ȼˣٻػɡ
ƻڣõطʾǻ档
ڵľ磬۷ѾԶȻԶҲǶʱھͻԽģ£ǧ꣬ҲǺܳ飬ңõĻ硣
СʦܣҪͻƵ۷壬ĻСһͻƣǴӷڵۺڣӰ컹󣬿ڣͻƵ۷壬Ȼڻƻڣͼˡ
粻ͬҲһ
֮ǰûиӦĴڣʲô⣬ڸӦˣȻˣĽˡ
ƻ磬ǲͬġ
米µĻ磬һģͬһԴʹʱĲͬЩ죬ȴҲΪͬͬԴԣεͻƣõѡǻص磬米Ļ硣˵
ϸţЩľ̸֮
ˣ⣬ϾҪͣƻʱڣͻƾǷǳѵ顣
ڻƻ粻ȥҲͲںĲͬˡ
Ψз̶ʱڣпͻˣҪ⡣
ڻڵʱգԶ˽⣬ҲǷܱȵġ
һȥһ磬ܳɹͻƵ۷塣



1823 ʧ
ط棬Ĵ£Ÿȥ
Ǹ÷ɹͻƵĻ磬ȥģǸؾڵ硣
˵һ˳Ǹͻλȥ
֮ǰΪʨΧĻ磬޷ٽ룬Żݻ룬ǹϵ֮λʥ䣬ɲ÷ӡ
ķַЧһʱ䣬ȴά̫Ǵͻ磬ǷѣǵķӦѾʧЧҲٴν룬˵һһЩؼ¼ֻҪٴνȥģܻȡ㹻Ϣ
Ǹͻ磬ûеʱ򣬴УҲȷˣ֮Իᱻǿ룬ΪʨԵʡ
õַ˵ģ˲ķ
ʦֺʨڵģһ米Ĵͻ磬ҵʱڵķؾĻ粻Զ
Ǹͻھͱ˴սһλħע⣬һ֣֮ʣǲһеıǱܣǿǸ磬Ķ̫󣬲ΧΪ̫Ҳˡ
Ȼ
˵Ǳǿ룬˵ĻҲ棬û취ô׽󻼣˵бס
Ѱ˼䣬˺ܿɵĿĵء
Ӧÿˡ΢ǰȥȴű硣
Ȼͨķ˹ȥȻڻڣûбκһ硣
ô᣿طһǽȴһûмǴλãôֻһܣǸͻ磬ˡ
һ˵󣬾ͻʧ˭Ҳ֪᲻һγֻ֣ʲôʱʲôط֡
ޱ޼ʣҪҵͬһ磬¾һ飬ȫ˵ǲʵġ
Ȼʧԭء
ò׵õжˣȻһȴҲ÷еź
ûнһ㣬ҿԿ϶üͷ΢ͻȻˣʥɴ½λߵľ
ʥ֮һνʱһڣʥ£õϤĽ̵
Ǹ磬Ǵͻ磬棬ʥ֮ͣʱգһνȡʦʱ뿪磬ԣҪʱǸȻʧҲѰҲ
ͷǺơ
ԭǱ޷ٽ룬Ǹʧˡ
һԿţȻ֪ľԻ˽⣬ȴҲܲ³һ
Сʦܣڵвͬһֻ磬ֻҪתûнͻһֱͣԭأҪٴνĻֻԭؽ뼴ɡ
ǣҲһֻ磬ҪҪԵģһ룬ҲѰҲ˭ֻܽһΡ
ؾڵĻ磬ʥ֮澭Ǹͻ磬֡
Ҫȥģǵһ֡
ˡ˵ͷ׿еƣûй棬ϾҲ֪ڸĻ
еʧעˣҲûʲôñԹġЦܿƽ
ʦ֣֪û˵ؾ
ؾԣ΢΢ü¶˼֮ɫƬ̺ҡҡͷܱǸСʦܣҴû˵ؾ֣Ҳûκһؾǰǽзؾ
ȥ󣬿ѯʦʶ㣬˵
ͷȻ涼ûؾųؾǰĿܣҪôʷ֮УҪôһδ֪ؾ
߰ɡ
뿪Զȥһ·ϣ潫;Ļ羡
ȻͻҪѶȼ󣬿ҲҪãֻҪһ˲䣬뿪˱硣
ҲУԻ米ľӶ࣬ϵĶ米ģ˴ˣٸơ
̽Щ磬ˣһ̶ͣǣŷֱĿĵء
˵ӰȻʧ˻硣
һ룬;ĴܣһƬƽ˾ûʲôʥսҲûʲôΣ
ȻˣȻΪܰȫ
һͻ磬ΣķĻǷëһ㣬ҪҵҪǳõ
ţ
ɫ΢ڵľ磬ܸоĴڣʱ֣Ĵǰͻӵĳ죬ҲǿҵиС
˵ʱ뵱
ͻƣҲС÷뿪ƻܸƻӰ졣
ȫСŵ㣬ѵÿɹҲѹֻᱻ濴УѡΪͻ֮ˡ



1824 ߺ
һƵɽڴ֮ϣΧķ羰Դ˷˵½ߵɽһգ޷ľأֻԶԶţ̾Ϣ
˵̤ˣɽ嶼У˿ͷ֪ɽ嵽жߡ
һͨصֻҪʵǵ嶥߲ܽ硣
֪Ϊ翵Ĵ˵ʵǴɽȻһ⣬ߣ׹ɽ˰׹ǣȴû˳ɹ
ǣ˭뵽߲ʵɽۣ֮ȻһªСݡ
Сڣһӻ۾ŨĻϢ
ӣȻǷ
󣬷ѡһ磬ͻƣڵ˵ֻҪ缴ɣһ綼û̫𣬸ûбҪǰ硣
ңڣҲûʮ󶥼磬ںδν
˵޷ʵǵĵطԷԣǲֵһᣬΪ˱ⱻţѡɽչء
ʱۣ뷽룬Ȼȥʮꡣ
û뵽ȻĽŨĻϢ΢΢Ц
ʮıչأ֮ͳɳ˼ޣֻȻ֮ϣ˳ͻƵ۷塣
÷⡣
ԭڵõħʬǵʱ򣬷Ϊ֮ĳɳԶ֮û뵽ȴǷ˹
ĦƬ÷ͻͽͰ֮ɳѹƳʣµһЩСؿҲʮǰͷ׷ʧӦ֮ɳ£֮ĳɳ˺档
Ҳֻܸпʵ̫졣
֮ĳɳûһͣʹħʬҲһϾǰߵĳɳԴԻ϶Ҫƻĸճ̶ȣһȴʧȥ˿ƣΣһҲʹû֮ĳɳ
ķۺڣͻˣȴҪȡ
ڵҲҪ꣬û֮ɳ¡΢΢ҡͷСĵĿٶȣħʬǵԶɼԦģңԽѶҲԽҪʱԶ֮ǰ
ȻٶȣѾǺܿˣȴȻ⡣
Ͼڻƻʱޣ˷̫ࡣ
ҪȻðգɫ΢
Ҫڶʱû֮ͻͽҲûа취Ĺǣ޷ƻ
棬δܴϻĸգ˵ڲ硣
ԼҪҲһֱŷˣڽȫĻ磬ȫͻƺ뿪ˡ
Ҳûָ档
ҪϻĸգģȻʥ
ħҲԣɲȥѰ·ʧصĻȻħͬԴҲ֪ʲô˲ȥðա
ڣҲʥġ
Ǵͻ磬ʻʥ֣Ȼÿͻ粻ͬҲһĵһͻ磬Ȼնڳ֣ȴеˡ
ͻ˽һ
һ磬һλʥ֮ء
󲿷ʥڶ磬Դ֮֮أǣҲٲʥ⣬Ʈֱ֮λͨɢˡ
Щʥµ͵Ϊ֪
ߺλʥţȥݷùλʥ˲鱨Ҳޱĸ˷
λߺºͣϲֻҪǵͲõĻʲôΣգˣŻ˰ȫȥʮ꣬ûκξ춯ҲûԷע⡣
ǣλߺߺһλ۴ڡͲ̽
ߺµʱ⣬λδʥżΪҪ壬Żͻ硣
ҪλߺˡżڴҲž¡
пҪȥͼıһλʥϣβ÷ƽ
Щ۷ϴڣ˲սսмˣȥǵ⡣
ҵߺгæһ㣬Ͳǡ
δȫãһ¶̫࣬мĿܻᱻΪǻ壬Ӷߺɱ
λʥϲǳĨɱ壬ԥ
Ҳʥ˵ı֮֮ԼǶ֣һã³
ȻҴߺ⣬Ҳûеƣ̣洫ڵ˲ķֻҪʥһϻյͬʱ磬ȫˡ



1825 
˲ķûб
ҪɹȴûôףչʮʱһҲΪˣ֮ɹ
ַԭ˵򵥣ʵҪȴԶûôס
ҪķţģϵʥϢӶͽĻ緢ų⣬ǿȥ
˵ףԴʥͻħǻƻ磬ʥͻħ޷ģһ룬̾ͻܵ޴ų⣬ͬʱҲᱻȾ
չֵ磬ôƣȴҲűʵĲͬԼԴڳܼ֮ǰ𣬵ȵ˼ޣ̻ʥͻħ۷ڽ룬ֻ˲ٵ磬ұĻƣǵһʱὫ֮ųȥ
ģϵʥϢûôףóʥ֮߷ӡʥܰ쵽ģҪͬʥ٣ϣŻᱻ羯ų⡣
ȡ֮ҪʵﵽΪӽʥĵز
ȻҪһ㣬ҪӦĴڣһ㶼ģʥϢ޴˵ˡ
ոմﵽˣ
ʥӣΣָ£ǿգģһʥϢ
ǳɹˣʲôʱʹãҲкܴͬġ
ÿһʹã롣
һԣոսʱʹãɹߣʱţȵĲϼɹҲ𽥽ͣȵȫ磬ʱҪ룬ûôˡ
ңҲһ˲룬Ҫһ̡
Ȼ磬Ҫһ˲룬ǲܵģҪųȥḶ́ļƻڼųȥʱߺ֣ϻĸա
ǵֻҪһһҲᱻӦ÷Գܡ
û뿪ٽΪûκ壬ֻҪ֣λǾߺ£ĲȻޣȫù
ϸϸһ£Ժģ˺ü飬ȷкܴʤ㣬ԥ΢䣬Ȼ˺̥Ĥ뿪չʮ磬Զȥ
ߺӵĵطҲѾ
ʥɴ½ЩˣӦҲ˲ķҲûǵ档һ߷УһѰ˼š
棬˽Խ࣬ʶǺεȵĿ£ǻˡ
ʥɴ½϶˲ķַûз棬˶һֻĵĳԱ
ҲǺģϾҲʥɴ½֮һˣ϶ض
ֻǡ
վȱ
Ǹͻȣķǳ죬ңʥս̫죬û˶ٳɵʱ䣬ϽսλʥԶһʥܱȡǳһĹʥɴ½
ģʥϢҲҪһʱġ
ҡҡͷջ񣬰עǰĿⲻɨΧ
;Щ磬ûн룬ڷһʱͻȻǰһ䣬ӱڰĺڰգһ޼ʵε󺣡
ߺ૵
ߺӵĵط˵һ磬Ʈơ
ߺָĲǷָĹޱߣߺһֻӴľ޹ԵУߺľӴ
Щ֮ЦЦȻŵǷеģǴ˵ߺֻ޹ȻǿȴҲʮط۵ļ
ߺȥٶȴ졣
ߺģⲻ޴ǣһʵһλʥԼصĹ
ĿĵѰңԶҲҵ޹ꡣ
ҪƮ񾳣ҪҪִߺ֮ҲҪķ
ڲ䷨˵ߺޱ޼ʣԶ߲ͷ
ߺڴˣųãܿԵ֣ԵߣʹߺҲԵüʥݡ
ҵˡĿڴѲӣͻȻһͺţֱ׹£һֻ¶ϡ
ֻ飬һ޴ʯ壬ΧĻΪһ壬ϸǷֲˣϿҲûòڷ̤ϺʯȻ۵仯γһʯۣſٻ˷˰ԶȥٶԽԽ죬ԼУȻҪϲ١
֪ⲻٶȣԼ죬ߺ֮ڣĹ¡
ʯ۵ļʻ£ޱߺۼò˶ãһӴĵ죬ͻڷǰڵĵײһֻ޹ȻУߺ֮ء
ڽӽʱʯ۵ٶʯǳ˺ףʧ
ʲôˣ
̤ڵϣովȣһȾʹ˹



1826 ˿ɵ
ĿȥʱһӰɶԼǰ
һĿƽӣȥûʲô֮ʵϣȴһ۴ڡ
Լյ鱨УϳӣԷ⵺ػһĽɫң࣬ȻҲǻ壬ߺĵ㻯µ顣
Щߺʯ飬ӾͬһȺģһȺеߴڣЩ֮䣬Ŷصϵʽ˷û죬ͱˡ
λػߣľѡ
ÿ˵ˣϣܼߺģ˶ԷһأĿǱǲͻȥǵõһЩôʥ£ȫͬն
Ͼӵʥµ͵ȻųãȴҲԸⱻƵš
·ߺǰݷá˹֣
ɫ䣺ʲôˣʸģҪһء
ѡȻһŶۣӲͬˣŲͬĿݡ
ЩҲûȤȥܱĿ飬΢ڽִ֣ǿƥ̳
һĴ磬˿̷չֳǺɨһ磬ֱ仯ߺ֮ϣʥ֮أȴûٲӰ쵽ģֻΧСƬ
ǿԴԴϵɢݳûɢԶѸΡ
ʥ֮أȻᱻһλʮط۵ƻҲû˼
ͽ̡
ڷִһ̣ӵɫǾ䣬еľףҲ˲˼ޡ
һնûʩչҲһ磬ͨһȻޱȵķâȴǳ˿ռ䡣
Ӵ󾪣Ƥ̱ʯʣ츳ķʹҪǿһСˣʱҲκãȻڷǰȴ
˷֡
Ѫˣӱ˸£ãʯ·ʱ
һͻ츳֮ܣǿǵԷߺ飬һ֮նɱҲ¡
һͨķ۰ˣйž޲Խӣŵȥ
ӵܣ̱ϵ˲
ңңŻ̬ݵķϵвԼͬĸһͷ߲ơ
ƽη޾壬֪С£ԶԾʥҲõģʲôϮ
ûã˸ס˷ȥ·
˭кĿģΪ׵Щѿ
ǰʦģڻػߺ󣬾Ͳڳ㹻أûôԹԵĴ˵죬и˵źŲԶ
·ߺǰֽ̡ԭⲻĻشȴ֣ĳֽ̣ζʱòһ
⻰һӵȫɵһŷ
һۣȻҪһλʥֽ̣ⲻǴԲˣ֪ЦĵزǺˣԼʦǺεǿ󣬾ʥһ
ȻչֳǿʵǺʥһȣԨ
ֱ֪֪㡣Ц֪֪ߺĴڣͲҪսȴ벻ҪսľȻһλʥ
Ȼɣߺǰһǣʦ£ӷͣ÷ߺǰúֲ߳ܽЩ˵δ档
Ҫʦȹһءŭ˵ɫҲÿ
ΣǶ÷ȥ
˫ü΢ȴûκ⣺ɡ
Ƭ̺
ӵɵһأԥԽǣǰС
ôܣôܣ
ˣȴû֮ǣˣƿŽ࣬ʹ֮ʧأȻӵˣг˾⣬ľ
һûܵ·һŬڷǰȴûκ塣
һ򷨣˫Ĳʵ̫ˡ
ףΪʲôսȻߺȻģȴҲʶˣǿ֮Զܱͨȡ
һһĵϵӣֻûܵסһ
һʱ䣬ȻûκˣܵסǰĲٻ
ҲǺ飬ʹʥ£жǿߣۼ޷綼֮ٵģۼޣڴʱķǰûжٵֿء
֮˵ֱһǿ׵Ϣѹ˹סȥ·



1827 
Ϣǿһ֮ϵİԵֲͬ籩ÿһ䣬˷·վ˿񱩵Ĵ󺣱Ե
ˡ
һ㶼⣬ĿһӴ󲽶ĲΧֱѹ˷ϣͬǳ˲֮ŭ
ǣδʥӣ˽ܣѾ϶˾ǣδɾʥ֮ʱ
һ·˲ٻ磬ҲʶһЩǡ
Ȼȴûκһǣǰǿ󣬴Ϣĸо
ЩǲǿǴڵʱڣǳСԶԶûδǿ̬ӣȴڼΪǿʢʱڡ
۷塣
ȷһ˷۷ĲΡ
ķ۷岻٣ɱϵ;бܵķ۷Ҳмλȴûһλȣȫһġ
վ䣬ؼĴ̧㣬ƺǣر仯󲽶̾дѹ
ԷģʱĿǰΪֹǿķ۷壬ʹĶʦ壬ҲԶ֮ȣݲء
۷壬һǳؼʱڣڳ֮·ϣžصĵλ
ʼӦĴڣ֮ʥ֮˵˶ԣ֮󣬾ǳĿʼϣʥ֮λ
ӣûв´Ļʹڼʱ̣ԣһһһһУŻϣκһŲڽһصܡ
һҲͬס
û´ĻߺξῪĳ֮·ҲΪˣξŻữΪͻ硣
һڳΪǿĵˣսǼۼޣҲ
ɽϣսʥͬ£κһλʥ
ǣǲǷ۷塣
ͬΪ۷壬ʥ֮𣬸οڵľ磬δ۷塣
ˣȷɽϵκһ֣Ҫǿ
ͨȵһ˲䣬衢֮ԺȫĵͶ뵽ʼһս
סӳ
û֣Ÿǲ֪ڵʥһ֪ΨһȷŵģڷɽʱӦý֣ʱֵʥ̫࣬ڷļҲû̵ӡ
սɡ
ûйķϻڷѡɱ˫ĵжѾȷ
ڷǿͿˣҲûж̽һ־ʹǿľѧ
ȭ
һȭضȻ
Ĵڳ̴֣ӦޱһȭУγ˹ᴩصľ޴ʱһبǰ¶ᱻһȭ򴩡
ҵҲʰ֮ǰ̬ȫ֡
һ硣
ѤƥĽ⣬սͿ٣ޱȵĽݺأɱΧһС
~
˵ײţÿһײԻһе籩ߺʥ֮أǵһν֣ر𣬻ܱУ֮Ϊƽء
ϵˣǱشأǵľǰģȫޱȵĿŷ׵սĶ𾪳
û뵽Ȼǿֵز֮ǰչֳģʮһ
׵ǿͬ𾪡
ǷףʵԶԶ֮ϡ
Ȼǿ󡣡
ƾһ磬ģۼһսû뵽Ȼκβ׷ֺױֳʵʹնҲв
Ǽδʥ̲ס̾Ǳδʥƽɫ
ǣʤ
ǿָܱȵģսȥʤƽ᲻бߺΪսʤףĿġ
սļңҲûֹͣûħʬǵգС˵ļսڸǣûбκ˲
ŻĿٸգϷûκδϵͼ̣𽥱ԽԽң˷ĿƷΧ
Ļ֮Գٶȣٳɳš
~
һն׳ܲסȻһնɣ󵹷ɳȥһĻʱһ
ôܡ
Ҳ𾪣ĿĶŷ
ӷϣȻ͸һ˿˿ϢЩϢԼٶȱ࣬ڣţһ˶Ϊ֮Ϣɢݳ
ߣ塣
׵˲֪ʱһߴӵڴţһֻȻڱա
٣˶о˷ĵս
ɢֻǰС׼ס
ռľ룬ߺǰûκ壬ƿն˷ϣ·λӰһ£ֱ



1828 ϴ
ʦ
û뵽Ȼһ壬ѹǴû˵ôһôĵӣҴ硣
ߺĳ֣ʱõϵһ󻶺ͬʱҲ⿪ˣôһǿڵϾǿǱߺһĳ΢ȫʬˡ
Ψüͷ΢΢ڵľ磬ѾԶӦޱȵ
ȴǷǳĹ죬Ҹʵĸо
ǣβ̽ĺۼȴǳ׵׵ʧˣҲ䡣
ҡҡͷеĲЭоȥ׺ܿʵһ£ԣվֻһСˣиΪҪȥ

档
ֳѪ죬ȥޱȣϵ飬ȴΪ䡣
ɹˡ
ܲѣɹˣһð֮٣ߺ֮ʣոǸ磬ʱյǡôߺһγ֣Ǵ˷ڻĸա
ͬʱҲΪԵʣûгȫ˺ˣʥ°Ȼѡ
ˣͻơĻ֮Ѿɳ˼£ͻƲԶ
Ȼȫ߶ħʬǵûг̫ʱ䣬ֹһôһĹ򣬻һ˲͵ֹ˼꣬ʮ֮á
ַգ£ΪʧأҲΪ֮ʥϵǰ£ˣҲõ˳Ѱջôݵʱ䣬ȴֵĿޡ
ڣ֮ĳɳѾӽޣò˶ã֮һ£÷ͻƵ¾硣
ûеȥٷĳһͷײ˽ȥţͽһͻ硣
ͻ磬涼Ȳϣߺӵһߣǲҽȥˣʥ֮ܣ̾ܽҳϾû˻ߺĻ᲻ڽȥͶ
µĻ磬ȻȲϺߣȴҲһѡ߷ġ
Ҳͻƣ֢ҪһЩȴҲڷܳܵķΧڣˣԥѡ
ϵƲأڻǿָ£ò˶ãͻָ
ͬʱĻ֮Ҳڳɳ˼¡
ڷҺñչ֮ʱͻƣʱ
~
Ǳը˰㣬ţԭѾֹͣɳ֮ͻ֮ҲѸ׳ŵĿռȹ
ƽϢ֮ͻ֮ҲֹͣɳʱͻȻ䣬
һ̣ǰĳȻ˱仯һ硣
Χһ޼ʵĴ󺣣ڴ֮Уسظ
֮
һⲻͨĴ󺣣ؼ޴ڵĴÿһκˮ̺ؼİأΪڣΨܸӦڵˣ˴
۷ͻƲͬڸӦ֮ͻ֮ʱл֮泩Ρ
޾ע뷽ڣǴϴ񣬰̥ǣµľ硣
ϴ󣬷۴Ϊ׽Ϊϣɨƽϰ
ڴ֮ʱͻȻ׵ڻͬʱҲ䡣
õϴ֮ʼѰĳɳңͬӳ£֮ʼųҲǻ֮ǰߵų£֮ʼڽڰˣʹҲòȶ
һǵشԭΣδĳɾͣҲӰ졣
֮Ĵ֮ŻΨһǲݵġҲı仯΢ô¡
ʷϣûгֹͬʱں
Ϊл֮Ϊһ壬ʹҲ˻֮ھ粻ߵʱ򣬻û̫ĳͻڷͻƵ۷壬ܴϴ֮ʱ̱ҪΨһԡ
ôһ£ɷȴް취ֻĿڵı仯
ʱƺǸӦΣڵĻȻһ𣬽ţԴԴϵӻע뵽֮С
˻֧֣֮֮Ĺ£ס˰ơ
֮УҲȶ
治֪Ǻε𶯣ȻڿģĴȴҲܿķǷ֮ԶһĻܱȡ
磬µƽ⣬Ҳڴ֮࣬عʵ۾
۷壬ͻƳɹ



1829 
ͻˡ
ڵı仯ܡ
ȥʵսһȷͻƸʵͻͽⲻͻƾԵʣ淨ϵġ
컯ˮʹŴ룬ĺôֹڷۺھ淨ͻơ
ʵϣ淨Ӱ£Ѿ˷۷ĲΡ
ֻǣǰھ粻㣬޷֮ڻͨΪãᷢӳˣͣڷۺڵĲΣ˳ͻƣ淨ϵͻƸ̷ӵ÷ÿʱÿ̶ڽš
˵ۼ֮ǰҲõģ淨ϵͰ
˵ͻƵ߾磬Ҫܶ෽棬ѹرƳҪͻƵۼޣԶĸ졣
ȵ֮գһţŵ淨֮
ͻƣȽʲô
淨ϵľ޴ͻƣӦģϾҲ˴룬ȻԶţڵͻƣҲ淨ĵ㣬͵Ĳ֮
ʵûгԹţܲŸո۷壬ԼʵѾԽһΣʹǷۼޣҲкܶ಻Ķ֡
һΣ缶ս˵ڲܣɶԷԣȻɼ򵥡
ڿѡȥҲѡ¡
ͻƵ۷ĿѾɣۻƻ磬вģѾ֮٣뿪ƻ磬Ҳǲܡ
ܿҡҡͷ
ûͻ֮ǰûб뷨˳ͻƣڴˡ
ΪͻƵ۷壬Ҫȥߺðգǵһ꣬Ҳ˳˳ͻƣһκηա
ͻƺ뿪ҲûҪѡڻͻˣͻƣõѡ񣬻ʲô֢
֮ԻˣԸϰ꣬Ϊļƻ
ڵǿҲʸڻˡ
ʥпԶҳ֡ƻʥڣҵʵĿ΢
۷ľ磬㡣
ҪΪǿȥΣպսòƻľϣٴγ֡
ܵʵҲָʥ⣬ҲҪʥǰһԱ
ʥ⣬̫ʵʥǰӵһԱȴǰ첻
ȫԸģȥʵһĿꡣ
ûм뿪ͻ֮󣬷չأ淨ϵͻƣȹͻƴͬʱҲڵ档
ԼĿ꣬û
˳ͻƣһᣬһɹһڻڴ
ʱš
һգճͻȻ͵۾кâһ
֮ϣһâžͻΪһ֣ն
ֲ˲ϯ磬ɫֵն䣬Ѹٱ
һĻ˵˼㡣
ХһڽУһңңն
һ硣
ĶǵĽâƥĽϯأɫִĻϳײţΧһС
~
ɫֺͽݺײһ𣬽һɲֲͺɨȫ磬֮ױ
ټһ磬ֱӱΪƽء
ͬµײţգ·磬ɫײ飬ڻ˽ɫҲʧ
ղСʦҹĿ࿴ڿС
ų̽ģ
ʦ֡Ц
û뵽֮󡣡Цһգ޸п
֮ǰķɫһδصȻʱȴһᣬԲǶ֣ǺǷ۷壬̶ȣֱǷ˼׼Ҳš
תҾͲĶˡ
תһûаաҡҡͷ
ת񣬶תǳɾʥǰһܣѶ֮Զ֮ǰʹ˹ǿҲȥһ١
뿪ɡ濴ܡ
Ϊ̽ʵû֣һǿսһͨĴ磬ƻ֪֮Ͼͻᱻʥ
ʵϣ֮Ѿʩչ֮ˣʱѾɡ
âһͷ˻磬ʥ֮ǰ뿪˴˽磬ڻڡ
Сʦܣڵʵȷʵһ𴳵ˡɫչصЩҲûţ棬ЩҲһЩջ񡣡



1830 ת
˵ͷڻڵʱգȻĶȣǰչصͻ磬Ƽģû֪ΣպͲ⡣
ˣʦ֣洳Ŀʲôʵ
һֱ֪ĿʲôǰûʣΪ֪Լﲻæڷʵȴһ𴳵Ҳ˳Ҫ֪ĿģûкԼͻĵط
鸮ԣ׼ڻͣŹ飬ڹȥ˼ǧ꣬Ȼ棬ɼĿǶʵ֡
Сʦܡ£µҲûʲôˡ
ôģû̻ش淴һƷţ༰⡣
еӡ󣿴ʦǿǡ޿ƥСš
ʱʨսʹ˷Ϊǿҵ𺳣ȵ׾٣Ļ׷ɱˣһ֮ʱӡ˼£ֱڣڷޱǿĴڣʥ֮£ġ
ȻĻȴǿЦҿȴнľķˡ
Сʦᣬǿδ˵޵ģڻǿò˶ãܽ˦ں棬κ֮ϣ˵ʵҺĽ㡣ɬ
ĬЩףҪ˵ʲôˡ
䡣
Ƿڣκһ۷ĴڶҪᣬĶĶࡣ
޿δҲ׷ɱЩ־ġ
ҵ·ѾˣκεϣһΪ޵зۣڿһ
ҪΪ޵зǺε֮ѣ˵޵зǷëǵģԶʥ٣ڷɽҪΪ޵зۣ쳣ļѣңʹҳΪ޵зۣҲļˣٽһɾʥ
Խ󣬳ΪʥѶȾԽϣԽã䣬ڳΪʥĵ·ϣȷʵѾ˾ͷ
ҲģͣͲǰֱһ㶼ġ
ԣѰϣ
֪ͻȻʵ
һ
ţ֮ϵÿһѹһ硣
磬޾пһһ
Σѽһһɱ
˵š
¶ɫ˵ϿɣϾܿģȻޱΰĴڣ˵ѽӡ
һʥ֮һնɽ
Уʥ֮ڷΣֵʱɳһ⣬ֿ磬ıľնɽպգ겻֪նɱ˶ٻħʹ˵ֻѾۣΪ
û뵽Ƕе
ҽ棬ҪѰҵģһйأתء
תأһ𣬾û˵ʲôתأɼȻܱΪǱȻ֮
ǣ翪֪ٻ죬ʱΣ޷ģΪʲôʼնɽɱɱĺպ⣬Ҳתصһݹ͡
ͶתأתʱǰҪɫ
¶֮ɫ
Ĵսǿ䣬ƴ̣ǾƴЩģǣһλλȱͨתشͷӿڶʥնڡ
ͨתתˣȻǰ¾ϴתص⣬ܱ췢֣ӶΪɫʣʹóʥļʣԶܱȵģһֵܵס֣
һȫףתصҪԣǿĸ
ȻϣͨתʣһΪʥļʣ˵ǳ
ʦ֣ȻѰϣ˵תس⣿͵һ뵽ڡ
ȷʵ¶ʹ֮ɫתضҪԲԶҲ⵽˻ķΧһδս֮У˫ܾˣתҲ⵽ƻˮûˡ
ûתˮҲûת
ҽ棬ϣڻ취õһЩˮܹʹá
ĿģҲѶȵж
ҪѰһضʷʱڣͬʱǱȻĪΣգпܾʥս룬˲



1831 ļƻ
СʦܣɷģҲȥѰ·
ǿ˷뷨ЦЦ˵
תǷǱѰ˶ػҲǿ֮˵ˣʹʥҲܴȥ
ȻˣȴԺãҪֶεõתسˮǲʵġ
侲š
һᣬǳŻĴٽȥѰһᣬǣķ̫ʥնڶв٣һܽǸ𣬼˵ʮΪһûäĿһᡣ
Ǵʦʲô뷨ȵûбܽӽתصĻˣӣȻͳء
һЦһԣʹתضǰתڵأһܱķʵϣˮ뿪תҲͬЧִתر
һ˺ܳʱ䣬ӸռʷϸרУҵһ˿
ǳսƻתأͬʱЩҲһתصĳˮ
ϾתزЧԻһãߣҲֻڽ֮ƻˡ
ʱ׹ʦ֣ߵתسˮ⣿
ǳս˺ܾã磬˫ʥնڣ˽ȥ޴۾΢΢𣺡߳ˮģȻǻħûܴ⣬ˮ
Ҵһʷ伮У鵽ࡣ
Ƿݵ伮һλʮطдģĴսûʸȥֻΧɱСĻ壬Եɺ£һλħתسˮ˵£žͷսλ£뿪λʮط۸ں棬׷ԵȻ˻һʱ⡣
ʵ㣬ӲֻǽصĬĬ¼žͻתǰʱʱѾԭˣǴõĻᡣ
ʱǨλʮط䣬ļҲһЩ伮ҽһá
һ֪ļƻ
Ҫϴٻʱ⡣һֵ
˵ͷ
ƽʱʱȻлħפأλʮطۿʱȴû֣˻˵פصĻħҲ뵽ս֮УϾģõʱ
оâò˵һ뷨ǣҲͬܵ˾޴
ǿǻʱ⡣
޾Ĵս˺ܾãҲսģ˻ħ⣬ƵĻ壬ˣʱҲǺġ
Щʱ⣬ȻҲ֮أرأÿһʱ䣬ıλã˿ɳ֮
˫սڼ䣬ٵʱ⣬֮١
ȻĶ
ʱ⣬֪϶Է˵Ȼ컯ˮ
컯ˮεȺҪҵһζѣ£Ҫٵõһ컯ˮϣʮãڶײˣȥϴٻʱߵĻҪԶǰߡ
תصĳˮȤ
ʹתʣĳ̶ȿ϶ҲޣԷʣ˵Чģʥ֮·ͨ裬ҲȥʲôתĿ겻ͻ
ʦ֣һܿ˾
ֵð
лħ򣬵ȻȻûУͿȥһ
áЦڵķҲǸ
˵⼸ǧѾҵһ磬պ÷ǶʷʱڣңƵ룬ֻǣʱ仹ûһ̣ԣҲҽȥ̫á˵һϢ
Ҳб
Ƕʷʱڣʥͻħ֪ˣôһ磬Ҳǲܡ
治ȥҲϾʥһĴ̫࣬һСľͻ䡣
ңڽȥҲûãʱδػڼ¼ĵ㣬̫ܱҵ
㣬ԼңʱƽҪĽڵ㣬ʱٽȥҲ١û´ĻʱģֹǣʱҪСΪǡ
ԣɵͷ
ߣ֪ǶʷĲ࣬Ǳߣ֪Ŀ϶٣˵Ҳڴͬ⡣
ãˣΪ󲿷˶ɢڸ棬йͬĿ꣬ļ
꣬ͺú׼ɡ
ûͻ֮ǰȴ𣬵ͻƵ۷ͣڻƻʱӳ÷ܵȴȥ



1832 
棬
صĹ˵ĿԼԶ
һӰͻȻ֣̤˵أ棬ɨΧû˵ȴ
ûãһӰɶڿʱ͵ֳͣһߡ
ˡ
ۣߴ˸кʶġ
ֵһ˵һ͵󺺣桢ߴкߵһԡ
ʱţģ氲˾еסˡ
֣˭̧̧ƤҪ֪ʱ䲻ˡ
һѡ浭ּһ䣺Լʱ仹û
ϣҪǵ̫á
û˵濴ȥɫʵϣȴǰڵȵˣȻǷ
Լ޺˾ͷֿˡ
ԷʵѾڻڴòʱ̱ΪԼҲѡ˶ж
ȻԷģɻΣ˭Ҳ֪᲻ΣգˣõȷҲⲻ˽ơ
ߺǰԲãǶµĴʸǵȴ֮١
ҵҪǺηʥ
˼䣬ͻȻ֮У߳һӰ
ûаס
ߺ󺺶ɫһ䣬дһЩɫҪ֪ǾڵȴɶΧľȴûаɣǵʵûϢĽӽǣȻȴƾճһ㣬ûκεļ󣬾ͷ·Ǵ߽ʵֱһ̣ű˲
о״𣬾ʱҲע⵽ǣһţһɿֲ֮ѹųâǵصĳ˹˷·籩һ㡣
ʱѾǾˣٴС

ƽ͵Ŀߣи𼸷οֿ꣬Ȼǿˣߺٴеģûжˡ
ֲѹ˲ʧĸɸɾͷ·ûгֹƵġ
ˣǷ
Ҫȵˣ۷壿΢ɿüҪ˵ʲôȴ졣
һ۷壬ûǷǣǷϢĳֲֿ֣Σյѹ˵˷ͨķ۷塣
һ£Ƿվ򵥵Ľ˼䡣
г⣬ǻƻıϣһλǿķۼޣʥɴ½ǰһȻʥɴ½Ҳ׿⡣
󺺣ΪɽͬһλǿķۼޣȴԪ硣
ˣİ֡
ǵĿ꣬Ϊϴٻʱ⣬ʹûʥȻҲرأҿԤĵȻвǿĻ壬лˮ㡣
ǧ׼ΪѰǶʷʱڵĻ磬ͬҲѰŰ֡
Ҫҵǿ֣ףϾĶǿߣδضڻƻ磬ڻƻҲδػԻȤʹͬڻ棬ҲҪң˴û̫ĳͻкĻȵȡ
ЩҲϵģҲֻгɽֶһ
ϻ˵ɡɽ
ûжԷļ룬̫ɣϾģңҲչһʵԲͨķ۷塣
ңͨķ۷ΣʵӲҪȥֻǲʩκԮ֡
潻һ񣬸ȥ
ûб¶ʵĹϵΪպյĴļλʦʦ˭ͬɽܲûзΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳ɴû͸¶һ㡣
ǳ⻹ɽûϳ
Բ˵Ϊƻıϣ˽⼫٣ɽƻ磬ǧ֮ǰʱûгȻû˵ۡ
˶Ŵģͼı죬˳֣һ򵥵ͬ˾γˡ
ڵĻ磬ռ𣬷ΪС͡͡ͺͳ硣
һΣҪȥģǳ硣
硣¶ڴֻ磬٣Ψг磬ûС
ͻ磬٣ӵӴҲӵա
ȥĴͻдСһҲ֮һ磬Ȼ磬ȴҪԶԶ
Ҫȥĳ磬磬Լһڵ޾硣
Χ֮󣬳
Ψлпֳܳ硣
һ·ǰУһ;Ļ磬Խ룬Խ٣ȼҲԽߣҪҲԽѣڳ磬ܱκֶη
ˡ
𣬷˸ϵĿĵء



1833 Ǳ
ͣ
ĿΧǻˣعŨ˼㣬ɼҲǴΪ͡
ָԵִļޣڻľͷȻֹڴˡ
ҪǿǰĻͻ𽥱ͬʹʱվҲбʴΣգֻǱʴĳ̶ȺܵͣҲ˵˵صˣҪô뿪Ҫô磬һ㶼ʵ
֪ǵڼģֹǼˡ
߰ɡǰһʱ˻磬˲ҵͬһʱ롣
ĵص㣬ÿζһȫģڶʱڽ룬ȴͬһط磬ûȥԡ
仯˽˻硣
Χһ޼ʵĻ
޾硣
ˡ
ɫ䣬ʩչ֮
磬һ޾磬ˣ޾磬ҲǺ¡
ȻǲԸµģϾ޾Ļ˵Ǿ
ңԿڲԶֻӴĻ壬ХɹȴûǵķһۣΪոս룬ȼ͵Եʡ
Ƭ̺֮ʩչɹ˳ڻ档
ôݵĹѾ÷óһЩۡ
ڳ磬ĸ졣΢磬ڵĲ̫ˣʩչ֮»ûǳɹ룬Ⱦͻޣȫ롣
ˣ֮ǰҲǸܵ˻ʴǶԣʴܹܡ
ٽ
һΣ˳磬޾磬ûжΣ
ȻȻѡ롣
뿪֮ǰ΢΢ĿһԸֲ֮ܵھײţ߲Ѱı仯վŵĵطζš
ѡ񣬷⡣
ʱ˿̣ʷʱڣ磬Ϊսˣɹȥ뷨ǲʵģһСľͻᱻʥսȫʬ
ȫĵطԵ
ԵҲս֮һʱڵ㣬˫սս磬ʹԵðȫңǵĿʱ⣬ҲԵĳ
ĵص㣬򣬲޾绹磬ޱΣա
룬ٽ롣
Σ˳޾硣
ĴΣΣΡ
ʩչ֮棬Ҳľ޴ڣڵھŴνʱ˳Ե
ǵһˣʱڵԵͺĽȻͬûжٲοֵ
ϧⳡսûʸȥĿ󷽣硣
ֲ棬ڼ߲ţݵңԶڵԵܸܵɼⳡսļҳ̶ȣʥ
ңԺķ֪޾ĴսռϷ磬ҪȾָĻ˳ȥ
ջ񣬷ˣѸٸʲֿڵء
ȵļҲ׽磬;У˲ٻ壬Щʵûб¶ǵ١
ͣ
ͻȻ̧֣öͣ
ʱڵܽӽˣǣ˭Ҳ֪ػʱĻħʲôʱ뿪ģˣʱҪڿص
õϣλʮط۸ϵʱ򣬻ħѾ뿪ˣھʱ䣬ȴδ֪
һǹȥʱλħû뿪ͻĪΣ
ҹȥ̽һ¡ڵ
㣿ɽ۾һϾǷ۷壬ƺˣҲʵôǿھǶ׿ȥ
ֻǣ뵽Ϣĳַʽɽܿ졣
ҲáԷͣȻ֪ûаյ¡
ǰȥԶ룬Ҳ𽥱䵭ʧǴûгֹǴʵá
ɽͳȫעҲֻϡĴڣޣȹһͳ׸Ӧˡ
ѵ磿ɽ¶֮ɫǣҼǿߣҲûһܽڣ̶ȡ
ѹὫֻⷽ̽Ҫǿ̫֮ǵ˵ͷˣΪʲôҪһ۷˼롣
΢ЦչЩסλǿķۼޡ



1834 ̽ɱ
Ե
֮Уǰȥȴȫڵġ
ĺֹһǰ㣬淨ڻͨ׻Ϊãټεĥ£ڵʵ粻Ǹͻʱܱȡ
ʩչֻأ޵ʱֻҪ̫һʥҲֲˣȻýܲġ
Ҳǿһ㣬ڴͻʱŴδʥ
ޣϵһ˸Ͳʵһģ㷽ǰ޷ֱһ̲źȻѾȴ̫ˡ
ǰˣȫǻ塣
ʵ֮ۿܿ췢ǰλţһֹһֻϸסǣΧĻΪһ壬ֶθֲǡ
ڷʵ֮£ȴΡ
λ壬λзۼ޵ʵҲз۷ʵȻʱĻ壬Ǻͷһͼġ
Խλ壬ǶԷĵ뿪һ
λ塣
λ

һ߿һ߹۲ܣ۽ʱΧȻŲǿ飬ǲͣǰĻ˫ᷢͻҲͰˣ鷳Ǵݾߡ
ţǼ塣Ŀһһ
ǿߣһ޴ʯ󷽣ʯԵ洦ɼҲԵͻأ
һõĹ⻪סǣλĵĳӣǰɫ壬΢΢ζţɢù⻪
ǲ˷עӣ͵תͷâŷͶȥ
һȥȻǺջ
֣ӵľٶ˵ľ衣
ûʲôӦҵĴüͷ
ûмǳȻԼеֻҲ޵еģпõ淨ǿ淨ܲĴڡ
һλۼޣʹ淨ֻأɷٶȿĻȻܱ֡
֪ˣǻƻˡ
ûͣǰ
һ̽Ƿڸģϰٶǿ飬̩ǷۼޣһٶǿУռ˰˳ҡ
ûбֵǿ飬֪ûУϾ츳ǿģʹʵۣ֮ҲԷ֡
һӲ̰һ
Ҫʱǿߣ֮࣬ǿҲ֮⣬ңЩǱ棬ɲоģҲֹһλ
ǱߣҪŪʷ˵̫ˣҲʹãռ˾
ԵĻ˫ӦҲû֮˵
ȻҲһģ˴˼以ˣ⡣
ܳ嶯¡
ţ̽Χ׼ȥ
ʱأĿƶȴûз֣ʱټ
š
ɨһհ׵ʱ΢΢һʶĲʲôڣΣ
ʱ׹
ڷ׼뿪ʱͻȻһɿֲ׵ѹס﷽Բһ̣·Д٣䡣
д󺧣ĿȥʱǲʱĿհ׵һֻӴɽͷ­˳
޴ͷ­ֳɫͷϳĺǣܴƲ񷡣
ħ񡣡
ﻹףǸʱĻħû´Ļֻħ񼴽뿪Ǳߵսʹߵʱʱڣûлħأ״̬
ǴתˮĻҲʱڵ뵽Ϥһ̡
ⱾǺ£Ȼʱ˿̣ȴ÷ԵΣ֮С
𡣡
ħֺ͵طһŭĺУֲ籩ը˷ȥΧΪһƬ
£Χŵ˷׷׳ܲס¶˳
Уܲסħһ
˻ħ˺һ𣬷Ҫˡ
𣬾Ҫ޵һ̣һָӵ̴ӷϸѹһУ֮ͷ˳ӵϡ
ǱĿȻҡһ䣬Ϊһλ塣
壬ȡݣ˳׼ȴó
ۼÿһΧȻ˶飬ħȻΪŭУһִз޴ָ
~
ӵӱܲȫڻħһ䡣
ɱ󣬻ħٲͣӴһһֳƿնȥ
ӹһ١亹乡
ʱڵ㣬翪ս˫ǾԵУˣӵһ¶̾ͱɱĻ壬Ȼ
Ͼʱ֮أΧбҲΪңħҲڸսϾϸ룬ЩҲֵúãҲǸڲصôԭ
ڷ壬ħæ£ֲ쳣



1835 ɱ¾
ħһߣΧڶһʱ䣬ű˴ˣȴû
΢˹
ħȻˣѱûкߣս֮УҲܲʱߵ춯ʱأһһϴٱħ̻عĻ˶һ١
ңΪǻ֡
ʵϣи棬ֻΪҪγһˣ˵ԼԿ֪˴˼Ǻܳ顣
ǰûжǳ֣ΪħڸȻսϾϸ룬£ûô׺ȥ
֪Щڵȣħϵսʥս
ʱʹʱߵ״Ҳܻ
ԻħٶȣʱȻ̡ܶ
뵽ˣԶʱķٷȥ뿪ûţԶ֮ǰҲע⵽֮⣬бĻͬ뿪
ãǵĿһһ̸ı˷ͬʱҲ淢ȥϢ
󣬷ӰͬλӰʧ֮С
Ŀܼ򵥣תسˮ
ڿʱǱߵ󣬷ˣҪһʱȥӶᣬûôףΪݣױȺ֮
ЩʱĻ壬治ʵǿڡ
óȻ룬׶༪١
㷽ѹݣȴûУԷһ֮ȴƵ
ҪʱӶĺôҪˣͬʱܳΪʸ֮ġ
ʱоǶԻõģԷ˵ȴûжټֵĿ컯ˮǣʱû컯ˮδ֪֮Ϊһδ֪ȥƴֵѡʵʱ롣
֮ǰȰתسˮ֡
ʱڵϣʱĻħո뿪ǴתسˮĻ壬ûϵʱ⣬;С
Щ壬Ӷ֪ʱĴڲѣǣҪ֪תسˮϸڣȴûôף˿뿪ʱ⸽ĻҲ֤˷Ĳ²⡣
ķٷȥͬʱĿ⣬ҲЩͬһĿĻϡ
ЩǾ֡
ܹʮλǿĻ壬з۷弶ռλʣȫǷۼ޼
ʮλ壬ֳ֮Ҳڶݺݵı˴˴ţʱ֡
ĿֻһȻһתسˮռ
һȻһλһն˳ȥ
ֱһ̣λ۷弶ĻźȻѣҪȴ۵һ㣬һն촷ۡ
նɱλ󣬷˺һ̶ޡ
ͻһʱ˾޴Ĳһ̣λÿûһλȻİֹ鵽ϡ
~
նɱĻŭһ̳ŸĻɱ˹ȥ
ִ֮£ֻⷽѡӭսڴֵ£Ҳ˽ȥ
Ǿʱȫ濪սڷĳ֣ṩһǴս
~
ǿɨķΧһУ֮УȴǷǳİݣЩԽк
ѹ壬ʱʱĳ֣ÿһγ֣һλ䡣
ڷȫ£˵Ƿ۷弶Ļ壬ۼ޼ģҲλڷ¡
ԣҪͣʱԶһֻӴĺɫٷ
ֻɫл۾ˡ
ЮתسˮĻ壬ҲǵĿꡣ
£Ҳ˲սȫźȥһ߷ɣһ߷֣˵ٶȡ
һȫû뵽Щ߲ƣɢϢ־塣
Ƿ۷弶Ƕ֡
رĸͣתߣЩۼ޼Ļǰȴǲѷɡ
Щ˼ںϵʱϳ֣ںĻһնɱ򷨲֣һն֮£ʹǷۼ޼Ļ壬Ҳһ
ЩУûģǿģҲͺͷڲ֮䡣
ڷû£ֻ͵Ϯ˵ķݡ
ȵȻ֮ʱʣǿλ壬һˣʱҲֳȫ֡
˸ϵ֮ʱģǷһնһλնɱĳ
һִ̣˫վ֮лԡѪķ顣



1836 ʱ
һĻĵģ˾޴ĳ

ɽſڽ࣬е㲻֪˵ʲôãǿҵ𺳾þòȥһԵĳҲòȥ
һ·ѾȫٷУ˶սһӻ׼
Ȼôû뵽ῴһĻûдսеĵ˶һ˸㶨ˣβ֡
Ȼ󲿷ֻ壬ɱ촷ۣȫʬǲеЩѪ⣬ԼǿۼǲĿãҲһսĲҳ̶ȣĶֹ֣Ƿ۷弶Ļ壬кüλۼ޼ġ
ЩǿĻ壬ˡ
Ҫ֪ɽͳ⾡ܶԷ߿һۣҲΪͨķ۷壬ҲΪһۼ޵ʵҲͶˣһɱλۼ޼Ļ壬Ԩ֮
ʲôʱ⻹ãɽȴ˾κˡ
ƻǧ꣬⼶˵һβʱڣڿȴɽ˲׺ɣĸд
ɱģĿ⻷ܣ
򶨵һǶԷǿԤϣҲΪǿһλͬ飬𺳣Ȼɽͳ⡣
˵ͷһСֶΡ
Է˵ӴɱȺȷʵ㲻϶ѣϾЩǿҲͺڲ֮䣬ʱǰħһ£ˣлָԶʤЩ壬֮ܽȫ潻ĻǾʤ㣬ϵ˵Ψһѡ
ⷬ赭д̬ȣɽͳһĪ⣬ûаӡ
תسˮָһһƿ档
Яתسˮĺͱնɱתسˮ򱻷ƿ棬Ҫַܴ򿪣컯ˮһˮתУܿͻɢʧȥã˷Ҳҽ֮
ãá
򶨣˿ҲǼָ֣
棬ΪĲתسˮ𣬶Ըһɣ̲סпǧ
ã˷ܲܵõתسˮδ֪֮
ʱ⸽£Ѿ֪
˷һۣûж˵ʲôʦֵܹϵǲüƽϹ࣬λСʦܣ˿Ǹм
һԵɽͳ⣬Ӷ͹
תسˮǺεһû뵽ʲôҪûᣬ͸棬Ҫ֪һ֮õתسˮʹóˣҲö˵ʲô
Ľ֣תسˮҲҪҲǵĿ֮һҪõûôˡ
תسˮܶ࣬㹻ʹãܶࡣѹеļһۣ
ƿĿռȴǼǴתĳˮȻֻһ㡣
˵ЩˮȫóȻкܴһֱЩħϷˣµģҲ㹻һЩʹá
ȴǹϷֵʱƿܴ򿪣תسˮʧЧ׼֮õ磬תнֿ֮ʱܷ
ô궼ˣҲüһʱɽȻЦ
¹ԣ˲õΥԼ
²˳٣ϸʱ⣬תسˮǷõģһ˵ĹͣȻҲзݶҲҪ㹻ĶȻתسˮȤԸǶʱȤ
Ӧõġ
ǵȻͬ⡣
ǰװúôҲⲻȥ
ٲ飬Ϻʱڵȫٷȥ
·ϣҲһЩǿͻ塣ͻȻ˵һ䡣
һʱȻ
Ⱥʱ⸽ģǽ볬ȫһЩǿĴڣͬĿĺͽûмڿȺʱħȥһźţǷ׷׳֡
𱻻ħһָɱĳӵˣ΢΢ҡͷ֮Ի䣬ǲǵõϢ㣬˴жϡ
ٶȣϵʱ⸽ΧһƬյģʲôûС
ȻЩ˶Ѿʱ⣬ᡣ
ߡ
ͷʱڵĿհ׵
ڽƬհ׵ƺǽһ磬Χĳ̷췭ظı仯ǰģһƬգ֮Уһ쳹صľ޴
ʮŲ㣬ޱȣУڱΧʮӴ޵ܣΧűתš
ǻһʱ⣬ʡ



1837 
ĿȥֻΧһЩʬ⣬һˡ
ʣһڶ壬Ȼɱ˱棬ʼᱦΧĲʬ壬䲻֪ڱڵĻ壬ɱģҲɿսĲҡ
ߡ
浱ȷȥ
ߴʮΧű޵ɨ΢΢ҡͷų컯ˮĿܡ
ʮ޵񣬺컯ˮĵʵ֮ڷĸӦǿ뱦һ𣬸ƶǴпռԾװá
뵽Ƶʱ⣬һֱͣͬһλϣǸһʱͻ任ҲȻ
һɫɳԽգն˱ϡ
ͨۼ޵Ŀֲһȴûڱ˿ۼ
ǻʱ⣬ǿޱȣΨʥˣ֮ܽ˺һ̽ҲǶϾֱӽĴ㣬ֻܴŻĵһ㿪ʼ
ڱײ㣬˽ȥ
Ŀռ޴ޱȣһյģһЩʬ⣬ʲôûУȻʵġ
м
üͷ΢壬ĲڵĻ仯
ǻʱ⣬פҲǻ壬Ϊ׼ġ
ͬĵҲԵĻ棬ҲвӦĻ绷Ļǻм
Ǵ绷ĻԷǶԣ̫ˡ
á
ˣȴû̫⣬֪㣬Ͳʱ⡣
һûʲôÿģ˺ܿ˵ڶ㡣
һ㣬ڶķ䣬ȻȫŻţһ
ȻڶʣѾǰĻ壬ɨһա
ЩʱͬС죬ĺöһ㲻²㡣Դˣһ䣬Ҳ⡣
޾սڼ䣬ʱ⣬ԶֹһΪսǱҲٵʱ⣬ǵĲһ֪
ѰϣȻŹЩʱ鱨
һ·ϣһֱ㣬˽ս˫λ۷弶Ļ壬ڹĿռＤսš
ٺ٣ǵġɽһڽսλԣȻſڴ
εɨ
λսĶʱ˲ӣУҲ¶ǿҵľͲ
ҲǷɽԡ
~
ڹӳתͶλУ϶ʱ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ɽÿһųٻЧ淨ƫ꣬λ壬µֿס֡͵
λķۼޣʱҲչֳǵ
ɽƫڿƽһķۼҲӰ죬޼᲻ݵɫ֣쳣ǿ󣬳ĹƸǹĪ⣬ѰԵֵ
΢΢ͷѡѣҲѡġ
Լλ֣⧲µĻ»Եз£ҲܹӦ
Ƭ̺󣬺ڹɢһƣλƬת˿ڣ˵û㣬ŵƷȽ׶ܵͣ˵Ǻô
ߵʮ㣬ŵƷȽ׽ϸߣҲԴ󲿷ֻԡ
Ʒʮ㵽ʮ㡣
Ķʮʮ߲㡣
ʮ˲㣬õƷһЩΪ
ߵʮŲ㣬лĽأҲħľû֪ʲô
̶ʱλ꣬õҪ鱨
Щֱӱ߲㣬һЩʵСɨս˵ţֲһ䡣
⡣
ɱǻ廹壬ʵǿǷ۷弶ģʱڵľƷǶԶûʲôôȻ˷ʱ䡣
ȥʮʮ߲㡣浱ϡ
Ʒ˵ǶûʲôôǴģֵǷ
Щ壬һʼĿ꣬϶ʮ㵽ʮ㣬ڵƷǲЩ壬壬ĿӦúһҲʮʮ߲㣬ڶ࣬ǿ϶ں棬׷ȥһϣϡ
Ϊתسˮ˷Щʱ䣬ƵҲ졣
ٲ飬ٶȸ߲㣬ڽػʱĻ壬ǱɱǱˣʹ÷˳ͨ裬;ż壬Ҳֽ



1838 ջͳ
ڰ˲㡣
ǰļûʲô𣬷Ǹϵʱûжٻ棬ȼλɨʱ˻
ԽϣЩɨȾԽһڴŵȡߡ
ǰĻ壬ֽˣڰ˲ȴĽԶ
ԭǵļƻǲֱͣӸ߲㣬ļ˵ûκμֵǣĿɨǼλ󣬷ȴ͵һŲͣ
ţôˡ
һһ٣̾ͱ˲
ȥɣӦǡת棬ͬʱ컯ˮĵģҲ֪棬Ļȡ
ŲֱͣԽ˵ڰ˲㣬ǰھŲ㣬ɽͳȻɻ󣬿ʱȣһһ붼鲻ãҲѹеĲ⣬Ĳڽ볬֮ǰǻΪˣȥЩǿĻ档
ڷһˣתسˮȴ뷨
˵ڰ˲Ŀ
΢򣬷ѾΪʲôԼ
˵֮ðմ磬ЩǿĻսΪģ޷컯ˮʱƷȲ컯ˮİ
Ļ컯ˮ
δء
컯ˮޱȺҪõҪǻߣȫʱĻ컯ˮĿԵǲСеһͬʱԵв١
ˣһʱ컯ˮļʼ͡
Ȼƾһ㣬÷ͣ
ؼڣ컯ˮһڸ߲
ҡҡͷ
ϳ컯ˮ˺٣ʹʥ߻ħ棬֮Ҳ
õ񣬵һǵ֮紫ݶʱԱߣҲûϳ컯ˮĿڶֻ̨ϣһֱߣ˶࿴һۡ
Ʈ֮λʥȷ˲֪꣬Ҳ컯ˮ
ڵ񣬸ǱλδĻħ񣬵ͷߣһˣܼ򵥵ľͷˡ
ɴ˿֪Ҫϳ컯ˮĿԶûô򵥡
ش˴Ļħδؾϳ컯ˮ
ǿǵ㣬͵ļҲɴžǷֿ
ǰϵĻ壬ֽˣûе֣ǵʵǲԽ֮ģɱϵõħʬǣҲһ
ʦȥ߲㣬ɨκλᣬֻҪʱ컯ˮӲҵĶĿ
һȻɵ˵ڰ˲ЩԱߣն˲նɱ
Ŀһɨͣûɨһ
ʲôһĿȷ漸ƷûʲôɿģֻҪǵֱԹɨٶȣԶЩ졣
ɨһ󣬷ˣȥ˵߲㡣
漸㣬ûбȫɨһգǽĻɵˣ󲿷ַ䶼գ˷Ѱٶȸ졣
ɨ漸󣬷ߡ
ڣڵʮһһϤĵӳ뷽۽硣
~
һƳ˷ķָоȷ컯ˮ
УȻ컯ˮڵʮ㡣
пϲ
ʱ컯ˮС¼㣬ʸСôСĸʣƫƫͱˣ÷Щš
һڻмջ񣬻һΣõĳ桭
ͷһ˿ʵȴְղʲôתѹȥ
ȷϵʮ㣬֮ɨһ󣬾ŭֲҲ˹
Ҳ룬Ӻһޡ
ȿģǼλǿۣǼλ壬һսţһߺȻ˳
ˣɫ΢
봳ʱ⣬Ҳжʱˣ˭Ҳ֪ش˵صĻħ᲻ʲôʱȻҾٶȽ֮ϴһպ󣬾ʹҴ뿪
ϣ˵صڶǿһ󲿷ֶϴˣҲһ档
ܿ쿴ˣûɫĸȥ
һȺ˳ʱ⣬̸е˸£ֱ˳硣
ȴûôɣһȺ׷ȻԸɷŹǣǣǿҲ˿ս׷֮УһЩ壬Ҳƶ׷ɱ
ȵԶʱ⣬׷˫û˺󣬷Ȼ֡
һ޼᲻ݵĽ⣬ǰĻϯڣͬʱҲǷȫ֣⧲£׷ɱĻʱ˴תۼʮλ䣬лλۼ޼Ļ塣
һɱǵڰķвЩҲ׷ȥĿ뿪



1839 
û뵽ðվȻɡ
Ǻĳ˾ۼһѾ˳Ĵ룬뵽еĴջɽ̲סЦ
ҲЩţʵǰҲ޷š
Ҫ֪֪ļƻʼǾ˶սһ׼Ԥڣ˭֪ðջǺεȵΣգþһݶΪȻʵϣȴûðķգǵҪתسˮɵ֣ʱУҲûΣ
Ľô
һеģкܴһֹͣڷϣһ㣬˭ˡ
ǷǼпܱħ֣ɱǷҲ׾ٵĵõתسˮתسˮʱУûвһеᣬӶΪڶĿ꣬Ҳʹʱû̫
뵽ǳ⻹ɽ̲ס˷һۣǰǴδ֣ӽȴҲһ˿һСɽ¶˾ģȻص磬һҪúôһ£ڷ鱨
ˣϻ˵ǵԼʱеõľ鼺УתسˮǷõģ׼ʲô׶ŷתسˮƿЦЦ
潻ڻڽУ˭Ҳ޷֤ԼõĶһܴ棬뿪˻棬Ǻĳ
ʱתسˮƿûʧ˵ļֵ
ɽͳѵ˿ĭò׽ԼȵĿƿƿĬĬһ
Ȼ֪ʵϵǰһĻҲܿǾվڷһߵģһЩС˼
ɡɽһӣʱһϡ䱦ǰǿЩϡ䱦ϳȴɽѹ
ǧľԻ졭
ӻҵ麣
Դʯ
ɽָһţͬʱҲһЩ䣬˽ǵļֵ
۾ǷۼޣڷۼжǿߣɽóģûзимֵƵϡ䱦ŵһȷѪ꣬ǿΪ֮֡
÷ĶģԴʯҺ
ԴʯԴ֮أЯԴʯЧļͬٶȣ˸Դ֮أˣܼǿЧ
Һ涼Щۺ졣
Ч÷ƿظҪ֪Ե޵֮ɣȻ͵ԽԽãʵϣȴԶûô򵥣ԽǿҪƿؾԽѣʹ棬ҲֻͬʱƿغɫŶɫְˡ
Ѿ𽥴ƿˣͽڽԽԽǿƿѶҲԽԽܽͬʱƿأȻļޣҺ÷ƿصѽ˿ܡ
ҺԴʯû뵽㾹ȻĺöƳɽһۡ
ɽۣ޲޼ֵ֮Ժתسˮ̫ҪҲ᲻ó
óģЩˡɽĶŷΨִ˵֡
ҺԴʯҪˡȻ֮⣬Ҫļǰȴ㲻ʲôɽڴӦ
ɽ
˽ףɽ˷ܵߵһԣɽи
Ͼɽˣͬǻƻˣ޼֮ģڷһǴ
ҧҧóԼıɽй֮޲
ħʬǡĿ΢һɢź˲ʬƬȻһħʬǣû뵽ħʬҲ˳
룬ҲȻˡ
ԳʵҪõħʬȻѣ򲻻ıʣħʬ;Ҳûô
ԽħʬǣĿ⣬ϣЩͨںڣ˷ɢź˵ĸ£ڽŷӰ
˺𡣡ųĽܣ͵һֻڴ˵˵֮صϡ䱦޾еԭҲûеģǴʱ
Щ˺𣬽ҵطɱ䣬ýڽߵĵرļ𣬾׶ˡ
ڽչ鲻ͬǰҪΪߵĵرѶԶںߡ
Щ˺÷ϣ˺ͽڵ䲻ͬԴȴҲ֮
ûΪѳ⣬ѡħʬǺͷ˺󣬷ѡһЩ۵ģҲ˽ס
ⳡ˫ʮ⡣
Һ˺ȻǼҲתسˮ٣˴˸ȡ衣

СʦܣȴûʲôõóֵĶҪҵĵҲûз֡ɽ뿪泤̾һ¶֮ɫ
Ϊռ鱨Ϊתسˮ̫ܴ࣬ʱ˲ٱ۹⣬òˡ
ʦֲ⣬û㣬ЩҲƽȹɽˣҲĸԸóö˰֡
˵ĻĴڣܶࡣ
ˣȴܣǷпתسˮת֮ǰһΪ׼һݺ񡣡
˵꣬ݷܾת˻⣺кδ㡣
תسˮ֣ѾȲҪع飬Ϊת׼ˣΪȫǣȻϣͷһȥ
ȴвͬ뷨ʵݺƻ硣
һһʱ䣬Ȼ󣬻ع硣¶֮ɫ˱׷ɱӣкâʢʱһЩ˴һ



1840 ǧ֮󣬻ع
ȻˣǺðɡ
˻ᣬͬ˷ѡԷڵʵݺƻ磬ϱǿģҲѵĵȻˣڻƻҲᷴϾ棬ҪԵľ棬ԶȻƻڸӺͶӵĶࡣ
ʥʹҲеһ
ϣǻܼһɡ̾Ϣ뿪ƻ磬ҪΪת׼ˡ
̣Ȼ̣෴ǳתнˮֿΪת׼һһϦ飬ֻǣҲ֪ڻƻòŻȥ˻ûмĻᣬΪ֪
ˣʦ֣ȥ֪ʦΪҵ󶯸ɸ꣬˳ȻһУҳ˵кâ
ƻڵ꣬޷ϵȴܲ³ԵѹȻС
ϾҪԸģһʥ
֪˷һۣ˻ཻһȥ
Ȼͷڵء

硣
ƻڡ
һԲʯ֮ϣΧĻԴԴϵĳˢȴΡȻ
֣ӣʲôʱͷһӳ̾һ
´Ҳ𣿲Ҳ쵽ͷˡһΪάЦ
ʵҲûκ塣һ¬Фʼ磺Ƿƻ磬Ѿǧ֮ãʲôΪڰˣʹڻƻͻƣҲͷۺڡ
ۺ֮ڻƻǧ֮ãȫѰ·ⱲӶٳˣһͻᱻų⡣
ԣά˵ͷ
ƻڵϵѣԴԭ󣬶ڷĶ;磬͸һ֪񣬶ڷϸҲǿһۼޣ
֮Ȼ𺧣齥ת˽󣬲֪ǳ֮ΣʵʵԶҲŸͻƵۺڡ
̶꣬ôͻơ
ܷ˲漣ȴҲڶʱڣͻƵ۷壬ߵľ硣
粻㣬ڻƻ𽥱ͬ޷ع顣
ǰλµع飬𾪲СΪҲҪˣʥ֮䱬ΪҵĴսʥˣǷίʵɺޣΪһˣǧʥ֮սѾ֮࣬ʹںءά¶ֺ⣬ڵΪʥˣӶƴ󽵣ʹĵλҲǽ˲٣ԷȻĺ⡣
ⳡ׷ɱζȴ޶á
ǣʲôʥʲôۣҲˣڶѾ˻ƻ硣¬ФǹЦ
磬֪֮һǷڻƻ硣
ƻǺεΣգˣĲҲͷۺڵľ磬Զڻƻݺᡣ
һ֪ģǷȻûȴΪƻã޷ع顣
֣ڵ֪
֪˶̾ϢҲ֪ϲ񣬾˶ΪѾΪ꼻һֵʷ
ԭפڻƻڵģά¬ФǵڵҲеǵģ˫ʱʱͻ
ǽģʱţԽԽŷٻߵԽԽ٣ع󲻾ãǵȫάߵҲ٣գҲֻʣˡ
˶ţǸ޵ۣٻˡ
ά£ҲΪԷһʵϣҲûΪ漣֡
ٹãҲܻȥˡ
פǧ꣬ûйҲп͡
Цݣڳţķر
ţ˴ӻƻˡͻȻάɫ΢˼һ챦ʯʱĪĹâ
ƻĲ챦ʯķӦ
Ӧĳһλǿۣع˰ɡ¬Фǻ벻⣬ƵҲٴΡ
ǶˣȥǶԷҲõİΣ
άĳŻƻƳһֻۣһ󲨶һӰֳ
ҿһλ⡭˵һ룬ά͵ؽס¶֮ɫ
ʲô¬ФȵҲתͷȥһ̣ͺ

Ƿ
ôܡ
жǾζ벻˵ķȻˣֻԺһƬհס
ǻعҪֲʵݳȥʱĿ͵ͶԽ˴˼ľ룬·һ顣
ֲĽɫ棬ŷһۣݵϣ˽ΪʮطۣҲתۼͱٳ˷ɻҡ
ƽջĿ⣬ǰգ˲ӿȣڻӭĻع顣
һˣ硣



1841 ϴǦ
졣
һٿ飬һҪ·ȥͻȻߵ͵һͣո˵һĻȻֹҲ¶֮ɫ
ϣСѡ
˲ĿУһҸոսӵһϢڻƻڵά¬Фˡ
ʲôǺôĵӣѵ뿪ս⻰һʱŭȵ
ά¬ФʵȻǿȴοڻƻڣ˭ɱǣ˿ҲֻеǣŻôˣһյϢ뵽˵ǡ
·ȺڣȻȴ¶һ˿Ц֮ǰά¬ФǴ֡

ˡһֵ
˱תɱ֮ǰǴһЩؼϢ
⻰һڣΧʱһļžţȻ󲨡
ôǷڻƻ𣿡
ûؽȻῴܵޱȣò˿Ҳܷûƻ֮ãôܻص
һͽǵɱʲô

˴󻩣ȴӵķŭ˶ţ͵ǿսŹƵķ
ûع飬ζʲô
ͳĿɨˡ
ۺ֮ȷʵûпܣڻƻǧ֮ãص
˵ɫʱˡ
˼ѵǡ
̶ǧ꣬ͻ磬ڵķѾǷ۷塣¶ǿҵĺɫ޷Լ˵Ļ
ˣһᱻΪ̶ǧ꣬ھ۶ԣһζݵıչأͻһξ綼ܣˣǣڷϣȴ˲òȥţϾһλǧɵۣΪ֮Ψһ˱ȼĴڡ
ôܣôܡ˶ɫ
£̫Ҫˣȥ㱨ᡣվ¹شһ̶ҵ飬ҴҶȥֻһȺãȻʧɫˡ
ͬһĻ졢Ʈ񾳵ȵݡ
в뵽ɱڵһʱӵ˷عϢٶȴ磬·һذըҽɾˡ
ǡ

ڣЦ黶䣬ԴӷƲòƻ磬⻹õһΡ
СʦڻˡЦ˵
˶ûʲô֮ɫع飬ϢǾ֪һĵ
ʲôڻƻ磬޷ع飬ǸЦˡ
֮Գߵǵ֣̬޷Ϊ졢÷عʱ򣬲̫š
ʦ֪Ļһܸˣת֮ǰܼСʦһΡ
ˣʦ𣬳ûӦȰСʦܽӻɡæҲǵģЩӦɳţǾƽˡ
Ե֮ܣȫܴһֱͨͨƻ總÷عؽ硣
˵ͷҲģ棬һʥҪԷ֣Ǿһ
Ȼһ̣ɫһ䡣
Ը
ɵۡ

綼Ϊ˷Ļع飬÷ʱ򣬷ȴգһ
ûгŸӦعؽ硣
̧ͷźڰգ޴ڣ֮ϵĴĳӦ
ۺڣܸӦĴڣο۷塣
ңͨķ۷壬ΪۣؾˣƼԶʤˡ
ʱ˿̣ڷĸӦΧһжѸٵȥһƾճ֣̺ϴ֮ڻһޱ޼ʵĴ
Ĵϴ
ڻƻͻƵ۷ʱ򣬷һδϴ񣬵ʱĴǰĴûܵˣӻƻ֮ĺôһϴ
Ŀȥ߿ԽңԶľ룬˴֮룬һεض֦ïʢӵ޾ԶԿȻȻ硣
һеԴͷ
һ֮ϵĴΰӲϹᴩ嫰磬뷽ڡ
һɫӷƮɢΡ
ǷƻȾĲ֣ڴϴ֮£ųȥÿһӻƻˣҪһĻ硣Щɫųų֮ҲѸʧúܸоΰڼһһ䣬˴
ϴǦҡ
š
ϴع䣬ĿҲΧֵӰ



1842 һն
ĺɫӵ֮ء
ȻǴϴ񡣡
۹⣬׾ͷֱڷϵʲôܷڻƻѾͻƣǻع֮ʱͻƣ˵һ㣬ʱķȻǷ۷ɡ
ǧ֮ڣӷͻƵ۷壬Ȼġ
һʵǰˣˣòһ㡣
ĿֲΪУһ󣬿ǣѾûлͷ·ˡпɬ֮˭Ҳ𣬼Ȼ˾˶Է֣Ҳֻ¡
ߵһҲûлתء
ããûڻع֮󣬾̶ؽ磬ǵĻᡣϳһɫҡ
һϽؽ磬ҪԸƱػḶǧٱĴۣһܳɹ
ǣҲ֪ôģƫƫ档
սӵһϢʱ򣬺ȫǲŵģȷϢ£ٶȸϵ˻ƻڡ
޲ˣΪǶԸõĻᣬһԻʹļס
ʥԳ֣ͨǵ֮ʱÿĴϴβ
ᣬԸǿߣΧ
۾֮ʱһĻ˿Ԥ֮⡣
졢졢Ʈ񾳵⣬ٶȸģ
~
ͻȻһңǿײţ˺Ȼɱ˽ΧȦ˺һӡ
Сʦܣߡʱ
ˣȻҲ˺ֻǶʱڣܵޣ޷ȣò״˵ȱڣתֱҲ˿ս
Ŀ⣬һۣƽ˻һ㶼ûйȥ˼
ʲôѵΪһ֮ԸôˣǷϣ
ΧȦ֮⣬һüͷ΢⡣
˭֪ԣһҡҡͷϴǦҪڻƻɣȻصؽ磬ϴƻȾҲ١
ľ棬ίʵ˲⡣
ǲˣǧ֮󣬷ع飬һϢ磬ڵ֪ûлصؽ󣬾͸˵ĿһʱҪķչ
ˣΧģǺͽս˫ûжԹûвͽȥĴ㣬Χңңۿ
һһĿңҲ͸Ų⡣
ͥ磬ЩҲ̫̫ˣͷԩ޳𣬾ΪʥͲҪ׷ɱڿԣһò绨ĺŮ߿СĵĿۿ꣬ǣͬΪʥͥҲҪ㰡
꣬Ȼ˷һʥԪͥ
Ϊһʥͥ¶һ˿Ц
ͬΪʥ˵ĳɾȴ֮ͥŸոͻƵʮطۣǳڰˣλ֮ʱ绹ˣȴѾǷ۷壬ʥҲԶˡ
ͥһʥôļɵǣһۣ˷
ǷԵʣʥսںĲϣҿǲ׷ɱ˴ల£ںģʥսŮȻ
ͷ޽飬ΪͬΪʥͥǼվڷһߣֻ뷨ȴӰ첻˴Ʒֺ
ϾûϣһͷϣңǿʱԶδ۷壬ЩںҲȫܽܵġͥ̾
Щʥ뷨նʱһηɳΪնĳڣȻڶʥ֮ϣΪ𣬶Щ߸ϵʥԣȻϣһĻ
ǿҲż޵ģնȴǽȻͬĴڡ
̣֮ˣΪЩʥΪδ۷壬ԶΣʱ̣ûôǡ
οỤ壬ʹɱδкܴϣΪһʥ
أ˶ɱΪ֡
֪ܷӹһ١ͥ磬ŷڵķ򣬶ܷӳ죬ȴûκεġ
ǶˡŮӺ

ϵˣûеȴã֪ʱϵԽͻԽࡣ
ǣס˺ʣµһӵϣȫֲ֣Ĺŷȥڰն⣬ûж֮ء
ˡһĻԹ۵˶׷ױ۾κһ۷壬޷Ĺ»
Ȼǣȴ¶һ˿мŷӵĿֲϵɫûһ˿һĶݡ
ǣ̫ˡ
ڽ࣬ŷһնȻӴޱȵĽںͳ쳹صҡֱϣϵ˵Ĺϣ׷ױ
һʱ䣬ֻʣڶĽںϵˡ
~
޷ɽХ㱬޼᲻ݵĽһУ˻عϵ֮أѾޣڶǿУԱһն



1843 ޵޵Уϣ
磬һһļž
御ܴڼս֮Уܴһ־ڷǱߣˣҲĿ⾪׵һ
ʶ㣬Ҳǿ֮һʱҲ͵ؽס¶֮ɫһ޲ĿɿڴУǵĶ֣һجΡ
˭Ҳ뵽һĻǿ죬Ҳͺͺϵ˴ĲɿҲռϷ磬Ȼζ벻һһǿ߾ͱն
ѹ֣СʦԸصǡ֮࣬Ҳ׹ʵȷʵҲǲԸԷԸ񣬱Ȼ׷ɱЩһʹĽѵ
һڶǿߣ˵ֺֹǲʹ
ӡսʮطۣҲΪ֮ˣΪ˵ԵʣûжԷ֣ӹһ٣ʱĵɥҲڿն𣬾Ҫٶ룬޲棬Ƕһ˵
³ִ٣׷ϲۿǾҪߡ
Ŀңңʱâڱ֮У紦Ѻޱȡ
~
һնն˲׷Щˣһ·Щȫ
ǰɱǿߣһ
˴ԭأô󲻵൱Ķ֣ڷǰ˵Ĳһ
ôܡ
Զͥڴлعоǲš
ԵĺŮҲ޷ţôʮطۣȻûһǷۼޣҲǷۺڣ۷ڶ࣬ȻȻסһ
ǿ˵زĿ۲˼飺һķۼޣҲˣŸͻƵ۷岻ð֮ǿ˹𣿡
Ϊ֮𶯡
һң˴ʥĿ⣬ҲĶҡ𾪲ѣǰһĻ˵
û˼ʶʮط֮ʱжô죬ˣʥնڣڵķҲ硣
ʱչֳʵȻԽһķۼޡ
ܻ޷ڻ⣬λۼ޺ڶȣȴҲ޷Լ۾
ûнĿɫһ䡣
ǵġһԵĴӵ˵ͷع飬̫ǿߣЩʥ˴ǣûг֣ĵ̣ҲڴˣڣǱ׼ŭˡ
ϵˣشһصĶ⣬ЩʥϣЩ߸ϵĴ̡
ʥǣƣ˴棬ûκһڸͨع飬Ҫصؽ磬ûôסӳ
׼ŭԶͨΪǿǿߡ
ҪٵľƣԶϾ
һ㣬ʹ뵽ˣҲٶ۵֮̾ͷ
Сʦܣɴ´ˡ
ǧ֮䣬Ȼʥսǿսڶ࣬˫ʵӽʧ̫Ƚ϶ԣǧǰ׷ɱƻ˼ȫûԼηɱУ޲ʧأζ뷽йء
Ρ׷ɱ𣬾͸뵽һ죬Щ߸ϵʥҲ⣬ҵʥ֮λ³ɺһ㡣
⻰һʹҲĿɿڴǣҲòϣȷʵ˵⻰ʸ
һλÿ־ڵģЩʥˡ
ãǵǵˡǿŸȾҲǸеһѪڡ
ʦ֣뿪ɣսǲ벻
á
ûзϻѾʵԼ֮ϣֻᰭְţΪ谭
ʦֺܿСʦ㲻ǹ¾ս˵꣬ȥ
ĿԶ֪Ķ֣Ƿۼޡ
ۼ޺֮٣ҲͽһˣһЩۼ޶ûУЩۼ޵λ磬ٸǲԴ֮أڻƻ磬ֻĵطһʱԻع飬ϴ˷ʵΪǿҲǿȥ
ԣ׷ɱĺϵУûһλǷۼޣһȫ
棬Ͳڵǣȸˡ
ڱ׼ŭ֮ЩʥƱػٶٻЩۼޣϧһɱ
ʥԳ֣ȻܶõǿֶΡ
ǲ³Ǵʱ˿̣粻֪ڿţǱߣҲֻһˣ˫ǣơ
ۼΣֻҪҲκˡƽ



1844 ޵޵У£
뿪ˣͥҲûԭأϾսǷۼһԶһʮطۣв
Ƕû뿪̫ԶڰȫΧ⣬עţ˭Ҳ᲻뿪
ȻûжͥĿ΢
˰ȫλúͷȥȴԭأûа뿪˼
ҪƴװĿҲǵһ
ǶףԽʲô᲻ȻѡԭҪӲˡ
ҪЩۼޣǶʱ飬뿪ҲϼλۼޣҺпȺģвֻҪǣܵʥĸ淶Χ֮⣬ȫصǡ
ڵѡһˡ
Լôģͥã
пһĻˣ޲ˡ
ʲô
ûԶλյ롣
ҲˣҲû뵽־ԭ뿪ʱ򣬻Ϊڡ
зҪɻȥʱһƽ
Ҫż
ʦ֡һ𣬽ž¶ϲ֮ɫϻˣ̫ˣ
ԣһͺǵǵĸҲǷۼޡ
Ǵʱ䣬ԶԶ졢̸ǿޱȡ
Ƿۼ޼ǿߣͲˣʱܵģ⣬Ҳֻλˡ
ԭ⣬Ϊת׼ڽӵϢ󣬺ԥѡ˻ع飬ҴҸ
ʦãСʦ
ģСʦܲ³ç֮ˡҡҡͷĻ϶ŰգѡȴЩ˵
Σգǻ֡
⻰һǸ˶裬εǿڷۼ涼۷ڣһķۼǰ߹һ㡣
ʱţ졢ǿߣڵ
ķۼޡ
Ʈ񾳵ġ
졣

һλλķۼޡ
ǵûеһʱԷ֣ƺڵȴʲô
ڣһ׳ÿһ̤գܵضھһζױȵѹ
ۡ
Ȼˡ
׳˶пɫ
һλǿķۼޣ磬ʹҲȥ
ʹӶһۣܿ˴е𺧣ۣôͽ
Ҳѹ˲⣬ǿۣУɨʮطһ
Ȼڵûм뵽Է׷ɱ
ѵ˵ʵҲУֻǰȽϵ͵û¶棿
𾪼䣬һӰǿɫᴩգһУţһ߳ǰ
׵ۣȻ׵ۡ
ۻѾˣ׵κһôҲ
˴󾪣λۼޣɶǲǿڣպ
ôѪǣȻ׵Ҳˡɫ䡣
۲˵ó׵ۿ϶뷽ԩ޳֮Իġ
ʥóֵ£Ĵڣ޵С
ǿݣԶǿ󣬼ʹ룬мʤ㡣
ɫҲ
òǿķۼޣ׵ۺۣȴǳԤϡ
ߡҲס̫Զˣʱڣ͸ϲȥ۵˶֣ȴԮֵĻᡣ
ٺ١Ƴۼٷ棬һЦ²˳٣ְɡ
ǣԼ֪ˡЦ
Ҳͱˡ
֡׵۸Ӹɴ࣬˶ϣʲô⣬ķۼͷɢŰΧ״Ҫ֡
ǰΧŵķɫûκα仯ۺ׵ˣȻʡ
·Щˣķۼޣͨͨһ㡣
ƾǣ
޷ĿֲڣҲˡ
£˷ڽ֣Хһ˻һ⣬ۺݺնȥ
ԲѡЦһûѷĻݺµʱ򣬷ûء
Ȼһ̣ɫͱˡ
նؼ䣬޷ڻ㵽ϣ޾Ľյÿһ䣬ض˺ϣ۸ܵĻϢܻĿֲ
һ硣
Զڰȫλõͥˣֻо޾ķâƺڱиʧɫ£Ųȥһֱ˳ǿܡ
ⲻܡŭشֲ׵ϱһ쳹ص࣬ţһȭҲͬĶȭ£ղ񷣬ҪӲһ
~
ڽȭײһ̣ԶȻ˷ɨȥ
ýļλۼޣ߶ûкһֲ£ֱӻ˷ɻҡ
ƺһ˲䣬ǹһͰԶ;ȭƬ̣ţǾ޴ȭͷʼһʳĩɢһգֱն£ŵĿУƬ
ۣ䡣
ܣⲻܣһôǿֵز׵ŵĺ
Լ۾
޺ųɱһһΪʥ£޵ǿֶΣȻҲǿûߣ׵۲ֹһλ޵ķۼ޽֣ûһˣǰķȣȫһġ
Ըţȴֲòʵնɱۺ󣬷Ŀ⣬ֳ
׵Ҳ룬תͷӡ
ɢޣκһ뷽ûʲôԹҲΪ˼ĺôٴĺôҲûҪ
û׷Ŀ׵ȥնǾ׵һ˵ҲǼ
Ҳǹˡ
һն䣬Ĳۣиλۼޣռ֮һشЩ׷ɱԼ
ûһˣ£ӵһķۼ޷ܡ
һ硣
ͥˣĿɿڴĿŷԺһƬհף˭뵽һ
޵Уݺ£⣬޵зۣȻ޵зۡһͻȻڣ겻ᡣ
ʧ¿Լ֪˵ʲôȻĻȴǴ˳ţޱȣ˲ͬ籩ϯȫٶȣӴ
޵зۡ
ĸָԺУĪȴ־Ȼ
ۡ׵۵˺εǿʮطм޵֣һնһλһλʵȻʮط֮ϣ޵֣ԳƵ޵зۡ



1845 Ӳʥ
Ϊ޵зۡ
֪ΪʮطǿĴڣˣųƵ޵зۡ
һǴ޵֣ʮطг
һǳԽʮط۵ľ磬ȴֲʥλ֮䡣
һʵ硣
ʣǵһ֡
ľǷ۷壬볬ԽʮطۻԶۡ׵۵ˣ޲ʮط۷Ĵڣܽնɱܣ˵Ǵ޵֣׵һ֮ϣ޵֮
޵зۣͥãȻ
⣬ôܡĿĿ͡
Ҳûõȥ
Ӱ͵ضסŵĿŷôû뵽һ꣬Ȼ췭ظı仯
޵з۰֮ϡ
Ҫ֪ڻʱ򣬷Ȼǿ󣬳ɳ֮ҲǾˣȴҲûǿ̶ȣ滹Զ̶ô޴ı仯޷
ˣ졣
ʦ֣ʲô죿Ҳ˹
ûоСʦһǿĲ˼𣬾񣬾ڻ˴֮ȻһЦˣѹСʦܲԸȥ֮ܵؾˣƣû뵽ܵؼĴ֮ⳬһ
ֻ֮һ
˭Ҳ֪һʲô
ʱԣǵȵˣܸӦڣֽ۷壬˾׵ı仯
һڻ֮ĳ̶ֳ˵ڵķӴˣʥ
أСʦܸǳģ޵з۰ǵҲһλ޵зˡЦ
΢Цס
޵зۣ˵ǰ벽ʥ磬֮٣ԶԶʥ
ʥԶʮطۣЩ޵зۣҪôͻΪʥˣҪôپգҲʹ޵зͬëǣ񻹴ģһֶֻĳ
ޱϡ٣ȴʥ֮£۷޵еĴڡ
ûв´
֮ǿܺһΪ죬Ϊ֮
ûе̣ô˹װء
ֻ֮ҪʥĻ޵ˡͥ̾һҲ˵ĽǶʼɣʱգͲһεˣҷδҲбȽϵĿܡ
˴ѣعȴ׼뿪ˡ
һսѾһ䡣
ôŭʹ޲ʣȴҲ޿κΣֻĿŷȥҪΧһ޵зۣƾǵ
ʱͷ͵һ綼ζһ£ǵƺʧȥʼϡƮȥ
һ̣ͻָȻֹ֮ı仯ȴǴʧɫ
̧ͥͷÿһָߴ
ʥͥɫ䡣
û뵽Ȼʥð´踳ˡ
ڳ˶·һج֮Ужٻٲά裬ֻĿǸ˲ָ¡
~һ쳹˹״̬
ͥתͷȥĽڽŲϵĸܡ
ˡ̧ͷĿתĿʥָûб仯
Լչֳ޵з۵ʵʱЩʥ϶᲻һеĶ֣Ҳ׼
ĿȥһоĸԺ
ĿǸָ䣬һؾ𣬴ָ˱ҲСɽԶ޾Զɢ硣
Ժֳ˷ֱǧߵٲҲֳ˻Ӵ
һָߴ䣬ȴڲʱ޷Ŀֲһ
ָΧᾣİ䣬Ҳ𽥸ֳʤɽˮǳзӰг
ʥһ
ȷǰԵʥӵĿֲӵ޿ɵֵ
۾ԺӿĲǿ־壬Ҳ˷ܣǸǰԿʥһУܲߴµΰ
Ҳһɡ
ЦУû˿ӭ˰ָڽܷ裬޾˷޴ڵĴӿڻ㵽һС
ͥ򿴵˷˹ᴩصľ޴󽣹⣬ҡͬϵĹâնգն˸߲档
һʱ䣬˵۾ֲ⡣
¡~
ָഥ·شը㣬޷йâ㡣



1846 ನͽ
¡~
ڽָײһ̣ڳ˶˴ùֲޱȵನ˶ϯڣѡ
ڣ˷·ڲӿĴ󺣣ԼǴСۣſ籩꣬׵罻ӣʱе߸֮Σ
ͥȻΪһâನ沨ǵıֶΡ
ʵˣҪô䵱Ҫôֶ̼Σǿ
ʥ֮ʥ֮
жǾ̵˼㣬ʥ֮½ϣʱ仰Ƿۼޣʥ֮Ҳûʲôֿء
һײǷڸ߲棬ݵڵλʱѾ˲٣Ƿס˴󲿷ǳܵĽನ˻ҪϼˣЩǰֵˣҲǵѪù
ײڳ˶ϯ˽ȥǵನڸ߲ϾײţһߴݵͲ棬һ߳˷ɢϯ硣
˫ϰﴦһӴ羲ںڰա
ϵˣճģֵ֣ѰѰ𡭡ûκ𣬷ڻƻڵսǺ޲Ҳġ
ͻȻһĿ־ӿͷ
ʲô
Ϊʲôһĩյĸо
еǿߣ׷ĸо̧ͷֲ֪ʲôʱձҫ۵Ĺââ֮ǿʢѹ˸е̫
ڴһյҫ۹â
һЩǿͷ˺̥ĤĺڰգһǶʱĳŵĻ䡣
ֻԭڰޱߵգȻ޾ҫ۹âЩֲĹâͬͷͱ߼ʵĲˣ糱ˮâ̺ĿֲʹңԶһĿ¸о
ˡ
ֱ鲼ڰյĹâ˳ֻ˼̵ʱ䣬ûǴӿ־лعǿֲĹâ˳Ѿ嵽ǰ
ӴĴ磬ֲ˳ǰ·һ鲻۵Ľʯ΢
û˻ɣֲ˳ʱĩա
磬ûһ̣ͻȻһڣ˳ϣȴͭǽڣ˷ֺ
ﲻǶ磬ʥ֮ء
ͷȫײĽѲ֮㣬Զ
ڻ磬Ŀõʥսһ𣬻ΪǳţʥĿֲƻͿɼһߡ
ܷײԶһΣನĴݣٲһ磬ŵˣȴ޷ӹһ٣Ҳشڵֺ󣬲ŵԱ档
ҲҿƻλΧ粻࣬Ӱ첻㣬ڵסĴ
ɢನѾвԶ磬ǲκβ
òףߵನɢæ̧ͷߴ
һײҲǳ˽
߷ݰˣԭ쳣Ǳȴû֮ǣһӲӲ
޵зۣ޵зۡ
Ȼˣˡ
˲٣֪޵зʥ£Ҳ֧ܶţȻ𺳵˼㡣
ˡ
㷸ˡ
һŭȣ˶ը죬һָ˻ȥûа¡
ˡ
ڽˡ
һĻ˶ǳһ֪ڸһ䣬ȫһָûԷѳ֡
ʥսô״ģҶʥĳ֣Ųƣ󲿷ʥսĵط̫Ӱ졣
ʣһָǷˡ
Ȼ޷ɱѳ֣ҵǱҲῴš
ʥ֮£ûвٲٷŭҲֻʱ¿
׵Ļع飬ʵǿ˵ز˴ֲǱߣȴ׼֮£õֶκޡ
Σһսվǽˡ
Ŀ⣬Ǹޱȣп־壬оηгݣҲš
Ǽ֤ˣһλ޵з۵
û˻ɣ֮ʷǰ硣
ʦ֣ǻȥɡ
˵ĿУɵǰ΢Ц
ǵȥûκεĲڳ˲ٶȻع飬һϢݳȥ
𶯡



1847 ʦ
սǰһʥķΧһͨʱǰ
ʦ򿪵ͨоͨһ˴ϤϢ˵ͷ
һûеͨת۾ͻص˵ؽ硣
ǡ
ڻˡŵǵϤɫɸпһ
ʱǧ꣬ȴһֻĸо
ȻǱ˵Ļ뿪ǧ˴Ľ֮á
п˻ᣬܿջһӦͷԼܵĴ֮࣬·Ǹһ㣬
Դˣ⡣
˵޴ڣɶȼ̫ߣȹޱȣҪ֮Ȼüѣ֮ϣʥٵ磬Գɹ򣬾ܸԴǴȴʥصӡܵĴ֮١
ˣķںڰյʱǿʢģڶ磬һΣڵ磬ʵֻ½
ҲΪŲԸڻƻȴ˹ǿ̬ش硣
ڵң϶û޵з۵ʵˣΨڶ֮⣬ܱʵڶ磬ӦûܱȴʦǿһЩڵǵĻҪȴʦһЩˡ΢΢ͷ
ڻʵ٣Ҫ׷һȴ̸ס
ϾǷۼе۷ڣʥ֮ǿߡ
ûжʧĽԤ֮УҲᱻ֮ǰչֳ޵ʵͷԡ
٣ھʱֻҪʥٵ磬ˡ
Ȼ㹻ǿˣֱʱ򣬷滹ԶأȴһЩҪ֪˶ã˶á
һ¡ͻȻڷ
ԣתͷ˵ʦ֣ʦ֣ʦҹȥȸˡ
ȥɡЦ
ҿתˣǵҴһˡ˵
˵ͷˣԷ֮
ʦ𡣡
빬󣬷Ŀ΢ڣֹһˣԻֱˣһһŮЦ
λʥͷ΢ڵľ磬̾ϳ˵ʥݡ
Ҹһ¡΢ЦŽλİʥܸλҵʦܣʥλҵʦã̻Ƕĳ
ʥ죬̻졣һǵؽǰнû뵽Ǻ͵ǻĹϵ״ҵæλ
֮£ֹһһʱ򣬷Ѿ֪
ǣҲû뵽˵⣬Ȼλʥ
ҪΪʥǺѣһ㷽Ļʹǿ棬ҲûжϣΨת޺󣬲пܡ
һʥ磬¶ޱȺġ
ʦͽϧҲڵؽ磬϶ʦͽˡʥ̾
̻Цݣò˶ãʦ£ҪһλʥˣתԶ˰ɡ
ԣʥҲ˹
ȷʵԶˣٹһʱգҾаնȹ١ش
תһȹ٣תɾʥָտɴˡ
̻ʥǷǳ⣬˶Է̬ȣҲʮֺơ
ǿʵλип
̻ʥĺ̬ȣһΪԼĳгϢĺȻϲһ־Ƿʵı仯
޵з۵۷ʵʹʥǰҲһĵλ˵ʥԶ
һΣλʥܸǱ˴ͬһţʦųҲΪʵˣĳ˵÷ʼӴʥȦӡ
λʥûͣãڼ󣬺ܿȥ
˴˳Ҳ˲סˡһ䡣
˵ͷ
һʵǿҲⲻˣ̻ʥȻѣټİ֣ʹ˫ʥγɾ⡣
ʦ£ֻλʥ𣿡ʵ
ǰܳλʥѾܲˣʦֵѾ㡣̾˿¶廳֮ɫˣЩ˵˵ڻƻľɡ
šҲûʲôģԼڻƻڵľһ顣
ڻڣĻ磬Ҳӵߵõ֤
ʦڻʱ򣬽һ磬ǸλһؾڣֻǣҴû˵Ǹؾ֡£ץסᣬ˳ƽԼɻ˳
ŶʲôؾЦҲ֪ؾѾ𡣡
Ǹؾֽ⡭
Ҫؾ˵ͻȻɫ䣬һǰδеΣдĵ׷ӿ



1848 
ܵޱȵΣɫ䣬ʹֱҲԶԶϴ˿̣·һ̾ͻҷ
ʲô
üͷ΢Ҳˣɫ仯ϵĻͷ׼˵ؾйء
һ
ۣõؾˣƣΣյĸӦޱжϳһ˵ؾ֣Ȼǳµ飬Σ
־÷뵽˴֮λʥ
λʥ¼ǰڽϢʱϢͼֽдʥ֣ȴսٵĽ飬Ҫ֮ĺۼĨȥ
ǰơ
ؾаɽλʥµΨһԷ̾
ʦؾֿ·ͬСɣҪ֮ĨȥҸո׼˵̸ӦĪΣɵ
ӲʥˣһΣգôķӦ
˵һУ߿նС
вңҿڵǰһ״ڿѾΣգǡ
ڻƻʱؾ֣ȴûʲôΣգҲ⡣
ΪʥͻħĹأߵǿҲԴ롣
ؾǣؾڡ
ϴһ˵һʱ̸Ӧ˿ֲΣûֹͣ˵ȥڶֳڣֻоһضھһζ
ĸӦߴһֻ쳹صȭͷȻָͣ޳ÿһָ϶ŲͬĹ
¡~
ֳڣֲֻޱȵȭͷָ£һʱ䣬췭ظǺ飬·𿴵ı޷ޱȿֲһ
һ֮ԶɣԼᱻ޷صĺĩ
ͬʱһᴩ𣬺ݺײ˾ȭ
ˡ
ִĵѷ֣ȻľȭǰȴԵС
~һѪⱻ飬ˡ
վһ裬ڶʥնڣһұ仯׷׳֡
ֲޱȵڼ߲Ϸײţɢ
ѾӦֲεײֻģӦز𵴣ԺһƬج

һ˵úõվԭأǻһеľȭȴȻʧ١
ؾԭǷؾɫ԰ףȴ쳣Ŀܡ
ʦ֪ؾȵ
ҵȻ֪ڵһؾ˵֮ǰһϢ˷ӡڱˡ
˼˼˭֮ͨܣȻܸĶ˵ļ䣬ΪʲôҪڸǡ
浽ܡ
ͣ˳˼
𺳡
ڷؾķӡ֮ǰˣûʲôоǵĻȴľ
ּĸı䣬ǶͨˣʥնڣܵӰ졣
ڻڣżȻ֪˷ؾĴڣҳɹ˵˳ڷؾһУ»ڸȥû˻оס
µĳȽĨȥ֮λʥĺۼȴС׼ˡ
ؾڵľϸ˵һ顣ͻȻ̧ͷ
ԣҵæٽһ飬ûκ©
ɽλҡҡͷʵԶһ̶ȣӦǣֻϧû֪ȥ֪û˽
һ飬Ӧþλʥˣûִȴڽ֮ɼλʥǿ
ĸӳ̶ȣѾҸҿ϶ؾڱȻž֮أʱͲҪͽˣ֮ĺ㣬ȷʵڰɽϣһ㡣
лʦ𡣡ϲ֪֮ײͽȥ
ǻ̽ؾƤӵ²ܣû˻ģʱһ취Ǹͽȥ˵ҲǼ¡Ц
˵ͷ
ˣ³ôĿ϶ưոݣ˵ʲôʱͻзؾעϾˣȴǸĺʱ
ûת΢ܿ˾ϡ
Ҫʥ̽ؾļƻϾҪæµ״ȥ
ӻƻкܶҪʱǧ꣬ѹƼ



1849 и
ţڵǣ
߳ܣ΢
ӻƻѾһˣΪŮӦյϢڵǵĻͻȻһ˶ûУǲڱչأϽţǲڵǣмԸϻء
뿪ǧ֮ãģԼļˡ
˷ͷ⣬ģǲ˴ǱˣƼ

ˣҲüһʱҡҡͷѹ˼лع˼
˴֮أڵİ£һܣ֮УѰ١
ԷͲ˴ϵȻõЩعܻع顣
ֻǣԼķ֪жĿⶼϣʹǧ֮ǰع飬οڡ
ЩʥֶιĪ⣬δûƿ˵İ취ȻвҪ٣ȴ̫ѣһ˴籩¶ѣǷļ԰֮һҪļ˰֮Σ⣬뽫Σմȥץסߡ
ȵȰɣڷؾ⣬ʥעȵʼ̽ؾϾ˵ʱҾܻȥˡ΢̾һ
һְ취ɾʥʱٹˣֻǣھʥȴҲǶʱͻƵġ
ǧ궼ˣȲʱ
ðգֻѹе˼ȴʱ
ˣʦҹȥһˡ뵽֮ǰĻ΢
ϴμ棬ǰһֱڣûתڵûҪ׼ôãμ󣬿¾ת֮ʱˡ
뵽Ҳɣڵǵĵλ磬ֻڵ֮£֮ҲԶܿ죬͵
ɡ
Ŵţ泤վڹ룬鵭Ȼһ־⡣
һĻʱת֮գ¾ڽˡ
ȻĹʵǴ޹
Сʦܣǰڻƻң֪֪ؾʱһشǴδšĿ˹żȻǾڸոգԺͻȻðڷؾݣϣ
˵ָ꣬һöӡŷؾϢˮ͸˷
лʦ֡ϲ
Ϊתسˮ׼꣬ʱļ䣬뻹ûбӡԷؾҲһ˽⣬Է˵Ҳ֮ϲ
תسˮ˵ҪرҲ׼һЩϣۡЦ
⡭ҪܾܾĻᣬһϡ䱦ȡ˳
ת֮Щ֮ȥСʦ㿴ϵģʱҵǡ
⻰и˼Ҳ÷룬ͷӦĿһɨȻ淢Դʯġ
ɽͳʲôû档
תΪ˴ͷӵиõʣҪһʥҪһ㣬õʦŴв٣ҲûͶ£Ȼعǡ
ϡ䱦иҲǶ
СȻ
ЩʵʲôҪģתسˮĻһֻֻƿܣʮƿ֮ࡣ
һƿ⣬Ķ
תسˮĿ΢
ڻõתسˮʦͬ£ǰתعַֿ֮ɽͳһƿ󣬻ʣ࣬ǶģȻСЦ
ħȥתسˮȻֹһݣƿвֳģʮ֮ࡣ
һޱȾ˵ĲƸԽҲġ
в²⣬ʱҲǺݺ¡
ȻòתسˮһЩ⣬ȫóȥ˽ס
֪һתسˮĺ䶯Щʮطۣ޷ˣ֪ô񣬲ϧһеתسˮ
Ͼδϣ
ʥҲۺ죬òȴʹ͸˺ͽܡ
ұ룬׳׳ƣ㽻׵ʱۣڿȴûǸҪˡԳһЦ˵ҲʵЮ޵֮ع飬Ƹ֮ϡ
имЩתسˮܻҪһУĽڻ¡
Ҳٶȣתɾʥ
תسˮҲ˷ȻǷиҲڷһȥĸо
ҾͲˡȻ
ʦ֣ټվһ
֪ټ֮գˡ



1850 ׼
תûоˣΪ˱ⱻźͳ⣬֪˶ࡣ
ڵĻ£̷תسˮɹת
󣬷ǡ
ųֳתسˮϢ
Ϣһʱͬһذը綼Ϊ֮𶯡
תسˮһλ
ҲͰˣؼǵ·Ѿʮطۣڵ֪һϢ޲Ϊ֮
ʵ΢ˣתһҲûʲô壬Ҳмߵĳɾͣʥˡ
ΨЩ֤ǱȴһЩΪɳ·ϵĥѡ©ʹֹǰˣһһΣʥΡ
ЩҲȫΪ֮ݡ
ֳһתسˮǺεҪһĿܣʹ¶һʥʹûкʵѡ˭ܱ֤δ׿ͽء
ֻҪ㹻ǿûв֮ĵġ
Ϊ֮𶯣ʮ󶥼磬ޱȹעϢԴ
ȵǴϢԵǣԷ󣬲˶ʱΪ֮һ̾
ԭ
Ҳ׹
תأ٣ٵתسˮҪõΨһϣǻƻ磬ӹʷȡǰûͼıǳɹģһûУҪڻһضϣ֮ãԶʤ롣
֪תسˮǷģҲǲòȡ˼
תصҪΪ֮񣬲ϧգȻǵǣǸոµ۷ûΪκε˷ȶԷ
ˣ˼鶯ǺȻųתسˮϢô϶ɡ
ܿ죬ǿͷ׷׽ӵһ뺯ǰؽ磬תسˮ
ٺ٣û뵽Ҳزپҵһ졣
ǣ΢΢һЦ
뵱ڵʱ򣬾ң׬ȡȳ˵󣬾Ͳôˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ûǿ壬˭ֱǸá
ڣǷĵǣ㹻ǿתسˮ˷Ϊ˽󻯣ҲӦˡ
ҲʲôҪˣڶʱ󣬾ͷųϢָԼҪĶЩμĸԼȥﱸҲȫȥô
Щ£ͽȥɡ
ɷûֵȤȥٰ켴ɣֻҪȴĽˡ
ʮתسˮ׼ųһ룬Ҳݡ
ϡΪתسˮҪܻȡҪĶ
ʣµݣԱһˣȻòѣȴδˡ
ûлعؽ磬ҲȥһĵشڵʵЩȫһɽʥ֮ٴ쳹ĵش
˸ǳƿӴĵ򣬷ֲܳʱͣȫаգõؽһˣǿоȥپʱյܻǴĵشҲؽ磬ˣĽ̻һǳɹˡ
̻ĽȻԷ˵Ѿ㲻ʲôȴҲȥһЩǣҡ
ӣؽɹٰ죬תسˮ˳÷ջ񼫷ᣬ˲׼
ٽţʼչעţʥĶ
Էؾ̽ʥ֮ȵ㣬һЩԼʥȽ˷ؾ˾˵Ϣ
棬Ȼž׵ܣֻеʥʵ㣬ֹΧ޷֮ھ
һϢʱ磬Ҫ֪̫ؾʥҲ߾ߣʹǶ磬Ҳȥ磬˵ļУؾӦԶ̫ؾȴľ䣬ɼı仯֮󣬳˵
ԽԽʥĿͶؾ
Ųʥ˵Ĵų֣ʥҲýʼš
ڽӵˣҲؾ󣬷һдʯء
Ҳ
ؾصܣɾޱȣܵõĻ˵ԼʵڶԷѣĿתؾҲ֮С
Ϊʲôɵǲϣһλ֮ϵĳںճ
ܳΪĳڣδķ˭ȤȥԸϾڵķҲӡ
ڿԻȥˡ
Ƽȷû뿪˵ؽ磬˺գֱӽٲ˴硣
󣬾ñط꣬ӶŮһңӣͻȻ˲˴磬һԾԴӡ



1851 罣
޾ĹӳڷǰҲͷ
޾ӵĳˢƽԴȥڵʵ;磬Խ뼫֮Զһεʱ
֪˶ãഫ˵ǰоԴӵĳˢԽԽǿңĳܼʱٵȥڣԴ֮صӡȻɢ˲âӯȫָͨԴ֮صķ
һνԴ֮صʱ򣬷͵õӡǣʹûеĴ죬Ҳܶǰ
֮ͨܣ̤ԴҲҵԴ֮صλá
â֣гԴӣĿȥ޾Դӳڽ£Դ֮ڷǰ
Դ֮طȥܿ죬̤ϣͬʱڵӡǣһ΢ʹ½һҲǻΪΣţȥһνԴ֮صĴ
һ΢΢
ѡķ򣬺һһȻǾصλãʵϣ뿪Դӵʱ򣬾ͷˣֻϳûֹ
Դ֮صʥһֱӲķ˶ԷҲûʲô⡣
й󣬷гԴ֮ȥ
۷壿ɽ֮ϣĿ׷ŷͷ𺳲ѣŹȥ˶ãѾǷ۷ˣ֮ų˱ȼĴڡ
֪Ĳۿ˼Ľʱ̲ס𾪡
Դ֮ڣǿʮط
һոսʮطۣҪϢƬ̣ƣ֮ʱͻȻ۾͵صɴ¶֮ɫ

ôˣ
ԽԽˣѹĿͶԴ֮صķηӣӡ
ȴûһˣǰ
һʱʶ޼ʱڳˣ޲һ۾ϳ
۷¡
Ƿӻƻع飬޵з֮ɨһУǽ۷壬˲ʶ
ʲô
Դ֮صˣΪ˸񴳷ɽ֮°ˣʹɽ۷壬Ϊ˶ʣҲֻиһ;ˡ
Ͼڵľ磬ʥҲԶˣӿٶȣҲ֮С
û˻ɣܷɾʥ
ɶʥǺãҵȿϣãȴûκ
˵Ŀ⣬ǳ˶ʺޣǿ׷ģȴֿɵãƽ
ȵȣҪʲôΪʲôͣ
ۼ÷Խ֮أûаͣ˼˶ʱȻ
Ҫ֪Դ֮ȻֻܹΧʺϣԽ룬֮Խǿ󣬶ʱڻްʱ䳤ˣͻᱻͬ
ҪĻԲ̫룬ʹۣҲ⡣
һ£Ҳ˶Ľʼɣۼ÷Խ룬ʱ˼ˣҪֹȴǳţûһ㣬ܿ죬ͲԴ֮Ũâ֣Ҳ޷塣
ʲôĿģ
ˣǼλʥӦûעŵģաķˣҲҡҡͷ
ǺȴڣǼλԴ֮صʥȻʱ̹עΣա
ֻǣȻ˶ԷĵǣǷĿΪΣȴ˵ĺġ
޵дڣһһǣ˵˼
ȥһλǿʮطĿԥĲ
ʵֻǲˣż룬ҲԴ֮صʱ䣬ֻҪʱ˳ȴ֮ǡ
ͬģˣȺԴ֮
ŨâǵӰû
û˵ȴãһӰĶɿ죬·Դ֮Ǿһ㡣
ûǣһ˶ûСʮط۳һӭ˺Ŀ⣬ȴɬ
ļˣһûоԼҪ֧ŲסŻæ˳
Ƭ̺󣬵ڶҲǱţǵĸ
𾪵ǣһ⣬û˿
˸һλ˿ķۼޣûܿ
ԴʯһԴʯҲɵϣ̾ͷӦ˹Դʯε󣬾Ϊ˿Ŀģ˷ԴʯûԸ⣬Ҳֻǿаеĺ棬ֻʱʱĿ⣬ʾеĲƽ
һˣŨâ֮УΧһˣһԴʯִУ֧ǰ
ȻӰܸӦϵĿ⣬ȻǼλԴ֮صʥ
йž޲
Դ֮أĿķǳȷ

Ľеĵѽ
ڽεǿҪƥ䣬͵ĽȻҲܲܾǰо뷨׼ǼԼļƻĶ֦Ϊģѽ
罣



1852 
ͣ
ΧâŨʵʣ׿⣬ʲôˡ
еԴʯ΢΢ζţ֧ŷߵѾļޡ
Դʯ÷Դ֮ͣĸãҸ룬Ҳ޵ģ÷һֱߵǰ·óԴʯҲӳͣʱ䣬Ǽǰ
Ӧò˰ɡ૵
ߵܸӦǼλʥĿҲޣȻҲѿ״ҲԵȻû⣬ƾĿĻȴ޷͸˵ء
Ҳ֪ܷɹȻ˼ƻҲĽʵܷɹȻδ֪
ڷǰģвѡ
ĽһΪԴһΪܱ䣬һΪ˥һΪ𣬴Ŵ緢չĸ̣дܱ˥Ѿˣǽڽ
ʣһԴĳʼһսᣬһͷһβһǳǿҪܱ֮˥֮淨Уһѽγɽֱ֮ӡ
һɹҷƿأʵϻһķԾ
ˣ罣죬Ҫ
ԴԴ֮ٺʲ
ڣĶ֦ĵرһ㣬ڽűʵ
ңһ֦
ڽطǿɱΪߵĵرҲܸ࣬յͬһˮƽȻض֦ܷˣȴûʮİա
ҲҲʺϵģܴԴŵرˡ΢΢ҡͷ
Ľ֮ռɹǱļ𣬾淨ܡ
ʵŵر̫Ѱ٣ҪƽڽҲǽܵģˣֻܴӷŵرѰҡ
ڲǲĵرڽʥ֮ͻС
ΪʥŲͬĵ·Ȼ;ͬ飬ѡʲô·ҲҪϡ
ʥһִƵһͬĳƺ
ڵؽᱻƺΪߵĵرڽᱻƺΪ񽣣ȵȣֻǳƺϰ⣬Ÿ˲ͬĵ·ڽ֮󣬱ϵȴûô
Ͼûߵĵرģǵ޽ʥɡ
뵽ٵȥ΢һдеСȻǰ
ǧԭĶ֦Ѿ
~
С֮Χضʱ޾â糱ˮӿС֮С
վͬһԴǰҲ⣬ץʱ䣬һɢǿɱ֮ĹâŤţСϷڷĿ£³

ƺǸӦ˹âвСƴΧâ׳żֻǣôգΧâȴ˿١
һ˫ŵӣϢĳڷԡ
Ķ֦ɫ΢ż֮ɫʲôʱж֦⡣
һض֦ҲͬСɡ
ǰҲӣ֪ԷԴ֮صնڣ֮࣬Ҳ΢΢Ƿ
ԷλۣԲİ
ض֦ôģʵҲĶ֦
ǰǴһλħ񴦵ڳȥ˵˳ⱾҲ㲻ʲôܣ֣նɱλħ
ȻӶУȴ쳣û뵽ȻһλħǱ磬ϣȡһض֦ȴ޲
һʧˣ֮³֣ɫÿһЩ
ãһض֦˿
ĵģи֦ں޲±ȡߣʵϣħȡߵĲֹһض֦;ˣ仯Შ硣
ΣδҲıҪһˡ̾Ϣһ²Ϊ
û׷ȥϾҲģΪ֮
ң֦ʧ̫ˣѵĵطѾµ֦Ҳ޷ٽӻȥҲõţˣһҲǺˡ
ԣҲ˿ض֦վ޷رܵģҪҲˣ罣ļͳɹʣȴǹ˹ء
ʱţԴʯѾ˵飬֮뵽С֮УС̬Ҳǻ˱仯ڷĲϴ֮£Ž̬ıš



1853 ɽϣ
ʱţĿǰĶ֦һգգ
һһֵǵԴʯģɷüͷûһ£ؼʱ̣Щʱ
Ķ֦ڷռһյĴ£ʱѾȫת˳̬һڴɫ߳ŨޱȵӽɢݳǷҪ罣
Ȼ罣ĽȶȻ΢΢š
֦£֮룬ԸΪһ
־棬Ҳ޿κΡ
ɵͲҪȻȴʹôѶȣֱ
һԭɾǶ֦ˣĵرѶȡ
ܷ֮޸ģҲԳֲ
ͽڽһһңԣϣһĽ⣬ն罣ϣ֮д
ʱգֵķҪҲҪǰǰ鷳ֱӾͽڽдʹһɣֱӿԽḶ́С
ͬʱִУҲϸıŽʹһ㳯ʺϷķı䣬ָʹܷӳȫ
ڣԶ֦ĴѾؼʱ̣ܸӦ罣̺Ŀֲ
Ȼһȴٳȥ޷׶ͣҲζʧܡ
ǲ𣿡
ҪǣѹԵʡ
ЩۻͿһ֧Ԯ̫ǿˣƾԼԸı䡣
Ѱ˵İλԴ֮صնڣԸֵĻ罣а˾ųɵİա
ǣԸ
λնڣȻͬһ֣罣ȻܳͣȴҲɱĻ罣Ӱ죬ʹóɽ޷ȫӶӰܣⲻǷ뿴ġ
罣ͽڽͬȳɽٽдսӰ첻ĸ罣죬޷ˣʧܡ
ȻǾɡȻ֮ɫ
ԶɽΪ¯ͶУɽ
һĸоԷΪģȻ֡

Դ֮رԵǿ֮ء
Դӷ̤ʹ޵صƽûж侲ʱʱˣʧķ
ܣʲôȴǸ档
û֪Ŀĺڣȷö˶˵ĻţΪԴ֮صʥûһ˳֡
Ľ֣֪һֱ棬˶Դʯ
Է˴ĴۣкͼıҲǺ֮
κû룬쿴Ҳֻܽݺ
ͻȻһĸоƾճ֣ˡ
ǣ٣޵٣
ڳˣε֮㣬ǵһʱͷӦ˹˶Ȼȥ
оԴͷǲ³ӦǷڶ١
תȻѡɽ٣
ʲô
˻Ȼʱ߲ҲȻԽңԶľ룬Ȼ١
¡~
𾪵ĿУƺƵسӹᴩԴ֮أ䡢ءĸоͷη
˵ǷڶԴ֮ضɽˡ˲ɿЦ
ûԴ̫֮ͣãڳˣٷɽ٣նģǼ
޵٣ȹûΪ߲Գһ򣬿Ǻ˻ѡԴ֮أԴ˵صľηһ棬ǣԲȵıη
Ͼʱ֮ȫҲĵĵطܼٱķԴ֮أûܱ֤һ㡣
ܲܶȹ٣
ɻܣ
˶ֹͣǼλʥҲԼͬĽͶڵء
ҪҪ֣ɫӣٵλã̫ˣĻӰ졣
ĸԴʧ
ĿȥȴΡȻûκβ仯֦ҡҷţڻӭ
ˡӦ֮⡣ӺܿȻ
߲磬޲λڻޱңԶ˵һҲܲϵ
֮ô֮ˣҲܴ߲ͨ硣
ʣ֮ǽͨϵʹõһϵ
ʱһһȥ˵ĸо·𿴲ͷһ㡣
ڣ޾ĽֱʣΧâԽ飬ȻϻָȴҲͬһƳ˿Դ֮ȻӰ̬ĳΧܣϷݺᡣ
ɽٳɹˣŸոտʼ



1854 ɽ£
ɹˡ
ǰ罣¶һ˿ϲɫ
ٵѹ£罣ɹʱ߳Ȼ׶ͣȹҲζɽ
ֻǡҪԡ
ܿϲãתһҪȹ٣ǿԶ֮ǰո֮ٳĿռɱ֮ʱ˾
ƽȹ˵һص٣еڶҪߡ
û˷ʱ䣬ڵڶٵ֮ǰֶϤŸոɵ罣
ʱبԴ֮زسȻһ֧𣬻ڻһ𣬶֮֮أһµĳֳ
Ҳ̧ͷص˹ȥ
һ磬ţޱ޼ʣ
ġĿ΢
һģǻ̻һνٵģǾĵı顣
ǷӣˣעŷɽٵЩʮطۣڲ²ţʲô飬麣Ծ߲磬˽ٵġ
û˵ȴãǸӦ籾ԴٻţʲôȻվܿ죬һɽİ׹ãǰǱۿȻźɫ档
~
ʹ磬ڿĺɫʱЩԹ۵ʮط޲ǻһɿֲ׵֮ġ
ʲô飿
˴󺧡
Ǵû˵Ŀ飬׹õĿֲԶǵ
޵зۡɫأתȻĿֲ飬ļµǣԷѾӽ˾ĵ籾Դͨͻɱȵġ
罣֮ǰһΣһ֣罣֣ʹ޵зΡ
ʵû޵зۣڶ֮ʱ֮ǻᱻģҲ˵׹õʵҪ֮ϣ罣һɣȴǽȡ
ɡ
׹Ӵһ̤ȻԴ֮Ͽգתۣͱ̹֣ҲС
ɲǵò˻־岻ѣ޷󣬻ԼĻֲ飬תۼͻᱻɱ
Դ֮أΧĻð׹üȵĲӦ֮ıûзȴҲûκεĽҲûаɣ׹ýٺ̾ͶԷˡ
һϸϸĺߣָŷ
ȥۣǷȴͫ΢һУ̺˿ֲ֮ͻһ㶼ɣһߴһлǸ̾ͻᲽ˲
żµͻ
һҴ⣬󣬱Ľ⣬˺ߣⲻȻǵĽɱ£Ҳǲϵı䵭ûǰѾȫ
˫ս̱
һżͻĺߣӰ׹ϸ֣Ҫﶼ״ݻ٣Ҳֶξޱֲİ׹ôƽ֣Էǿ󣬱ȷһսбֳǿ
ٴС
ֲ˷йҳ̶ȣҪڷһײ֮ϣԴ֮أɻ硣
Ųϵսƽ֣ռϷ硣
罣Ŀ£𽥷ӳԽԽǿһԴһܱ䣬һ˥˴ศ£Լα
ֻǣҪնɱ׹ãȴûôס
ʱһ̹Ȼƿ֮ĸ˽ǰһԺ֣޾ĻУһ׳ɳ˻磬ܻһ磬һ֣޵Уһ鵮ʢ
ˣԴԴԴ
ӦĴڡ
̹罣Уˮ飬ڣһ̣罣ͽڽ󣬿ֲޱȵĽϯ˰׹ãâɢµѾҷ
罣ڷУ÷ָʹĸоûаĲϣȸո֮ʱҪ
Դ֮Ӵ˿罣ʹԴˡһ̣
罣󹦸ɣңԶԤڡ
ںԴ֮罣ǰ޹ˣʹ淨ĻҲҪĪ



1855 
䶨
նɱ˰׹ú󣬷ҲǶȹһ٣بԴ֮صسӻʧǴûгֹһ㡣
תɹ
ܺãɹ˰תһɨ˳·ϵϰľϲɹ罣Ԥڵǿ
˵罣ԴԴ
罣ǴԴˣһǴԴһԴߵ֪֮
Ϊʲôҵ罣Դ֮Ҳǲ⡣
һĴڣϣԴȻ磬ȴûκʶǸűתԲǣΪԷ⣬Դ֮ıԴ
ȻôˣȻɡ
Ϊҵ֮شˣ罣Ĳǰ׹õԵʣ
΢΢ҡͷЩԭС
ܷۣشˣ֮ܵ罣ĲʣһϵȻҪģ»ֻ׹á
ԷżµͻԴˣ֮Ծĵİ׹һ֣ͻᱻݻ١
ΣĽҲ¡Щźϧ£ٸơ
ٵĸ߲飬ȫģĵްתͲֲ˽⣬Ҳ㡣
罣ѾɣԴ֮ܿȻ
ӳڷǰۺͣܲҲдʱգ۷ڣȻһϯ֮ء
Դ֮ĳ֣ҲޱȣıΪ޷ֹҲֹֻܸпĻ֮ޱĽ
лǰޡ
һλն˿佱Ҳǲ΢ͻָ
۷𣿲Զˡ
Դ֮أҲжʱˣҾӸǺ󣬾תȥģ˵
Ƿˡ
ϣȻȹ١
֣̲סɧĿ⣬Ҳ쳣ĸӡ
ȻҲ֪õ˶ĺôǷɹȹ٣ȴһĿȻģζʲôڳˣĸ
޵ľת֮
Ѿתתɾʥֻһ֮ңˣ޽ӽʥԷıʣʥľ磬ûκιذ
ò˶ãǰ꣬ͻΪ߸ϵʥˡ
ͻٶȣҪãһǧ꣬һꣿһ꣬˵ǶݵĿ£һαչأԶʱ䡣
·һ޴ĺ蹵ب˫֮䣬ⲻǹϵϵԶǾϵĲࡣ
Ŀһɨ˵ɫ۵ףʲôҲµĳ
תʥ𣿡
˲֪ԼȴһѾǳˡ
ڽǷ۷壬ֻҪͻƵۼޣһۺ󣬷аգȥ٣سʥȫûҪȥ޵з۵ľ硣
޵з֣һΪʵһΪ磬ʵʹﵽˣʥ֮ľ磬ҲܿԽȥ
¡
˼䣬ͻȻؼһ𵴣ţ·˳˶ԽԽ󣬱鼰磬޴ڵĴ֮Ȼһ޴ĺˣž޴ĺԤʲô
Դ֮أֱ仯ԣĿԴ֮صâһ㲨ˣ𵴲ݡ
ǡԴ֮رԵһϣ͵վ
Ҳ̧ͷž֮ɫ
ˣԴ֮صʥڶʥ޲ǱĿԽңԶ룬ȫͶͬһط
ѵǣڳʥһλʮط۴󺧡
ѣ˷׷
ʥ飬Ȼ仯ף˲
׵ǿȣƺϣܴ󡣡
ѵ˵ֻµʥˡ
𾪲ѡ
˭˭̤һ˼֣꣬δµʥһ綼һ˿κϣ˳ˣϣܴβǼ
ʥͿ˲ĺϵ֮;ɹ߳ɾʥӴ֮ʧܵģͬ
ԣкܴİգû˸׳ʥ
ڳ·ϵİ׹ǣҲ塣



1856 ½ʥ
˽ȴš
Դ֮أ֪Ҳ֪ʥھεĥѣܴԽԽҵĴ仯Уȷ϶Էûʧܣҿףɹϣܴ
·㣬ÿһÿһ붼ޱȵ
ͻȻκ˰Ĵ仯ȻͣϢţһӿнϡ
ûκβõϢ̺ŨϢȻڳѾûʲôЧǸеһˬ
ͬ飬콵
ʹĥˣԡ̿ƿٳ޷ͻƵˣ˲éٿ
֪ˣܵĺô
֮꣬ɹˣ˳ʥĳɹˡ˼֡
ʥɹؼ󣬲ֲ֮ͬͬ󣬶֮꣬еһ֡
˵飬ޱȵĸӣܣĽ
Դ֮صЩˣ޲ǿߣҲԳɾʥҰģ򣬸Ҫ˵ĳɹǿϣһɨûʥɥһǿļȻ뵽ȴǰ̾ԷѾɹȴңңڣϣ
¡~
޴ĺǺȻ̧ͷʱһŹߵӴӰϣ˳ԴͷԴ֮أϣĽ
ԪѪۣŹߵĳ֣̱˳
ʸʥģҲǷۼޣ϶޵зۣڷۼ޾ͽģ֮١
Ѫ۵Ľ֮֮⣬ļλ޵з֮һȴʸϣʵҲǿģû뵽һɾʥ
ĽĿУѪӴûֹ·Ҳûпһۣת۲â
һ̣׳ʣףһλʥĵ
½ʥĿѪȥҡҡͷ뿪Դ֮أعؽ磬˵עѪϣûôע

ǡ
Сʦܣ𣿡ڷס
ʦ֡΢Ŵ򿪣ӭ˽ʲô𣿡
Ҳûʲô¡´˷һСʦܣûҲûܵ
ʲôȵ
ʲôλ½ʥ¡ƲƲ죬˵ţ
һŪ⡣
Դӷƺƴӻƻ߹󣬸磬˵乫ϵһλʥ˭ǷԵʲá
ʥɾʥûϰɳٶǾޱȡ
֪ж˶ڷϣϣܴûʥľ档
ڣȴ˸ڷǰɾʥ
䷽ո˰תʥֻһ֮ң˵ϢһȥȻٴ¡
½ʥķͷǰͻƣȴȻʧɫ
嵣ķ̬ʧ⣬ܵǾͲˡ
ʦ֣㿴ô𣿡Ϊʲô£С£ûϡ
λ½ʥô⡣
ʥΣķҲͽȡ
˰ת罣Ѿǻʵ޵зۣ֮Ҳȱ޵зټ罣Դ֮ڵʵʹԼҲΪʥ֮£ж֣ʥûս
Ĳ⣬ҲǷ˼ת̸һ¡
μ½ʥش䣿һ
ÿһλʥվ۷ĴڣҪһλµʥޱȵļѣǵ֮Ĵϲ¡ˣʥ󣬾ٰأĸҲǰϲ
ǷǰԪμӡ
ģ⣬ȴ˼
ԪǿĶ磬ûȥò˵һ¡
½ʥͷǶԼʵģҲͶģ˳Ҳ֤һڻƻڵļš
ʦ֣ʱҺһȥԪ硣ͻȻ
㣿ԥ
ʵ̫Ҫˣݲʧ̫̫ǿڵؽҲͰˣֻҪ뿪ױԣһ⣬ԶԭԼ
ȴԼɡ
磬ڷؾѾвʥˣԵѹûô
ҪǣҪɾʥˣôһֱزص¾ԵΣʹٴļ裬ǿĵˣҲӭѶϣƳ޵е̤ǿеʬǣ۷塣



1857 Ԫ
ĳУûܵš
ڵǵĵλλڵ֮£ȻôȨȴû˸Υ־ڣѾ˷ؾûˡ
ȻҲ̫ġ
Ȳ˵ʵǿޱȣʥ֣Ҳ޷󲿷ʥЩ뷽ΪеʥѾؾİȫкܴıϡ
ˣڷؾȻͶĿ⣬ҪԷ֣ȴǧˡ
ôգ巴ûȥз棬㹻ˡ
ؽԪ磬̫ͬؾҪǰȥѡ
պһŵǱ־ӴۣȻǿ硣
ϲ㣬Ŀƽӣİ硣
ȻڻʱԪԪ֮ʱʢ״֮
գأһĿ޴ڡ
ĿΪԪҲԪ
Ԫ֮Դƽ
ԪųؼĸԴЩԪȷʵܸܵһ˿˿Ӱӣǵ޻ǽޣԪܺõ桢Ȼ͵ؽͽȵطûȵġ
ˣҲѾ˲ˡ
Ԫ֮ʼпԪһУȻԴλųԪ֮ʼʥ档
Ԫ磬ǿģԪԪޣޡ޵ȽȻͬһϵ
һλʥͥһλԪޡ
ȻʵﵽֲΣʲôϵѾҪˣϾ;ͬ顣
ֱɽһ
ҲȥĶ磬۾ɫԪһ
۸ʱ̾ǵЩһԪˡ
΢΢һЦ
˵ûдԪľɫȷʵһޱʤʤգͬɽһ㣬УʱʱԿӴԪɵ֡
˼ɻص˵߽֮ǿĶ̣Ԫ硣
ռһڷ֣֮ʹûУּĶ֣ͱˣ𣬸һֻ䡣
£ֱȥƮѩ𣿡һλط˽ֳݵĿŷ
ƮѩǴеĿĵأλ½ʥ֮ء
ԪӴޱȣ͵ؽһΪͬĵ֮ĳƺ
ȥ򡣡¶һ˿廳

۶ʱת򣬿ռԾԽңԶ룬ǰ
ԪҲԶ֣֮ƮѩλϷвԪĴ֮һǿڶ࣬ԪҲǰеģڷȴͱĵطûʲô
շָ򻺻С
Ϸӣ֪ǸλкҪ£˵⡣һ߳ǰסȥ·
Ļȥ̬ȴʮǿӲвͲ뿪ļơ
ת˼죬بȥľ裬ǣλӾͳ棬Ū
ԪǿĴ磬ˣϽԾӣˣ˵ﻹԪʼĴ֮һ
ӾˣҲԷǵǣҲȻ塣
ȻеǣԱţ̬Ȳƣϵ˷ǵûаɫĿ⣬
ʲôһǷۼޣҲŵ
롣
һƽĻ𣬽ţӾͿһ⣬ڷɳ
~
ǰ𣬴ӽУһӴޱȵеܱ䡢˥ֻ̣أɲ֮䣬Ȼɫ䡣
ɵס˰㣬ӽԭأǵɵǰһ
ɢȥǴûгֹ
ӻعɫ࣬һ仰˵תͷߡ
ûãԪϢʹ˳Ѹٴȥ
Ԫ𶯡
½ʥ죬ĺպȴҲޱϾδʥ
û뵽죬ȻԪ硣
䶯ʱ򣬷ȴӰ죬ӣ
ֻǣ֮󣬷һ̾뿪ǰƮѩ
׺ɣ
ҵ˪ĺۼ±Ǩ֪꣬Ԫ췭ظı仯Ҳ˿պۼ˵϶˵¼ˣʱ֮С
ȻҲ֪ľʷ֮УûκӰ죬϶кҲʶվǹˣ϶ĺѵĻҲԮһ
ֻǣվ޺ۼ
̣һ̾



1858 ˵
Ʈѩڡ
һڱǺպĶûʹ֮ʢܳңϾһУһλ޵зۡ
磬ʥ֮£޵зΪڵĵλ֪
ڵʢԶƽʱԪأ絽أⶼΪгһλʥ
ٽʢǿǰʸǿߺӽܡ
ڵĵӣһͦأӭűͣĽʼɵĿ̹Ȼ֮
ĽںεºܣȻܳһλʥңλʥλ硣
ò˶ãҪˡ
ıУ˶۷׷ס
ɾʥѪڷɽǰĵΪ
˵𣬾۷ҲԪ磬Ҳǰϲġ
ǰδʥѪۡŶӿ󡣡
ԪϢʹķзķͷҲ޷ڸǷĹԣĵȻ˵Ĺע
ٺ٣̫࣬ȻΪǱ̫ˣЩʥԣҲɿĴ֪ȡᡣһλߺȻЦһſֵ顣
⡭ԩ޳׷ɱУҲûԪģûͻɣԱߵˣͷԡ
ߺٵһмδء
һλʥǺɨ䣬ϣѹ꣬һλʥƲɵʱ򣬼ʹʥҲҪݱ棬磬Ҳֻһλ½ʥ棬ȻǷޡ
ǣǺǣ־άֶãЦ
۷⻰һΧ˶ʱȻ
޵зۺͷۼޣϣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱͻȻͻƿɾʥûܸ׼ȷʱͬĳȫԤڵġ
꣬سʥһ˶ȻҲ˴˵
ʱ䣬ʥԣ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵µľ棬άֲ˶ãܿ죬ͻµʥȥķͷ߼ƽʱЩ½ʥ໥棬οڡ
˷׷׵ͷ
ʥ֮٣½ʥ֮䣬ν޶գʷϣΪⱬսģҲһˡ
ĸʥԸԼǿʢʱڣӲѹһͷ
Ѫ۵ʱԹ˵ˡ󣬷˽ۡ

һڡ
һλŹ߸߾ϣǸոսΪʥ
֪Σ·һλ٩٩˵Ƿһ񣬽Ʋɵ½ʥӰ¡
³ϣûôذɣͬΪ½ʥǿȥֻǱ󣬲ͬһ磬Ҳ˹졣һߣڵϵ
Ȼеǿߣרʥȴְ֮
ʱΪҲˮǴߣټԪ磬Ӹһȣ³ϵĻɷǳĴ̶
Ǻǣڰת֮ǰǷ۷壬ȴȻ޵зˡ³ֱӾٳ֤
Ƿۣʥʥڵҡͷ
ʥ֮½ϣΪͬΪʥô졣
죬Ѿˣɡȴͬ
ǰ˵ߣĳϣ
ˣ˷ؾȻʱתעԸ뷨ȴϨ𣬱ϾڷģҲвٷǿˣ˫ԹԻ⡣
ҪԸҲûôףʥ֡
ڷ˵ؽ磬ѵõĺûᡣ
ֻǣڷؾ޷֣ңԪ磬ʹܹĶʥԪĵϴ󶯸ɸ꣬ҲΨ˵Ԫ籾ʥŲܸš
λ½ʥ˵Ŀꡣ
Ļ³ûжѴ֪࣬Ļٶ࣬ٳ֣Ҳֲһ仰
˼Ѿˡڿˡ
ûͬ⣬Ҳûоܾģɡ
³д󼱣һλʥҲұȣֻȥ
赶ɱˣܴӦңǹض³һߣڵڵ
Һγֻ֪ǡֹȻڵҲû¶ġ
ʱ˳ۣҲڵִڡ



1859 
ڡ
ǵۻţ˷׷ǰַǷɡ
ʥȻ˶¶Ľɫ
ЩˣͶ̫󣬾ܵҲһλʥɵɾʥ֮ʱԶǳ֮ǰȻûоʢڿ̲סͻΪ֮
ܿ죬Ǿƽ۵ϲ㡣
ò˶ãǵҲӭʢңԻԶڣԣûʲôĽġ
˵뷨ǶޱȼţȻɾʥңʱԲ᳤
ǲʹأͷĻǷλۣڲҵܿ죬һλǰӭӣһ˴ڣ
俪ʼмա
£Ҳ̫ˣһϳǸطʷ߷߲ƽ
طǷǵǵĺ֮㣬ȻʸΪĵӣǷڵؽҲһ콾һλΪ״γҲΪ˼棬۽硣
طǷȷʵܲˬ
Ǻεȵλ¶˶٣ҲͰˣλû¶棬һλϣǶԷĵΪ
޷
ԷĵλٲҪֺýύˣлͣܿ죬͵ٰ֮ա
һգֿǰ
һ޴Ĺ㳡ϾУһҲǱţԼλϡ
ǵĵλ綼ǷͬСɵģŵλãҲǼ俿ǰûм֮С
һ̾Ŀ⡣
۷
ڼˡ
£ӰҲǴ磬ˣչ󲿷˶Ǿη棬ҲһЩޡ
Ŀûˣֱ۾˹ȥ
ãĿҲ
~
˵Ŀഥڳз·ը˾ףضھһζ㸲
ɫ䣬ʥһײ½⣬˵Ҳһ޴ѣҺ˫ĿһգֳҲǻָƽ
ô£ѵ˵ʥ࿹ˣжǴ󺧣ţҡͷ
һĿഥ˵ʲôҲòϣʵѾǿ˼㣬¾ʥҲԶˡ
ɫƽһȽȽĽûеʱ򣬿ǣÿʱÿ̶ڷɿǿţϣһһжǣױȵ񳱡
ľ󣬲һľ磬ǿģЩѾõʥϣҲҲֻոսʥ÷һ
ĿĪ⣬˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ܵľͬС֮ڷΧһ籩ƽɫ
Աڵ˰ѺڷഥʱΪˣûгĵطݱ䡣
Ҳ֪ôġ㷣ڶԷĵȻְǳҲ޿κΣӷɫûпʲôŭɫ
ʽʼæ
һֱǰأϺ
Щǲ÷ģֻǸˣںˣаš
طǷʱǰ˺овֳҲΣë
ڽûʲô⣬ڵҪһڿʼ
ʱ¶ע֮ɫˡ
֣Ԫ翪죬ӴˣҲʽ
ʥ磬ҲǴȤǰûᣬȻԸŹҲԸǰԭ֮һ
ȻʱͻȻ
ô£ɫõɨܣҪ֪ⳡε¡أһ˸ҲӦ÷֡
ܿ죬֪ôһˡ
Ƿˣסһͷ󺹵
죬ͬԶ֮ϣֻǣ䣬Ҳǰˡ
ɨλãԷһƽƺʲô֪
תͷûʲôʾҧҧԸ˽
ܿ죬һȺ˴ֳΪ֮ˣһߡ
ӣݼһ񣬱Ǹ⡣
΢΢ף˶ԷǸ⡣
ʲô
ڳˣĪϾȻһԤϣӣȴ׹֪ԷԪպ
ڵĴӣǱôţǰһ񹲷ߵ飬ʵ΢޿κΣΪǡΪԪֱֹһ˫۾͵ص׵ķ



1860 
Ŀ׺ݣŷڿʮ֮ͽ
Ļһ˵꣬ڶͶʱȻ
Ӵ˳ײڵ䣬Ѿˣĳ̶ֳ˵Ϊڵƣû뵽ǣŷ
ʲô£
ʲô
һͷˮҲЦ˵ʱ÷춪˲棬Īҳӵģ
ǣʥҪµ鷳ǲ
˻ŭǡЦ񣬷ͷ·ŭĿŵģǱһ㣬طǷȻŭݲҶ˵ʲôźӵĿȴǼȲơ
ϸʱˡ
Ȼǳŷģָȴû˵
ǡӹջĿ⣬˻֪۷֮ǰȥҲ֪кĿģǷǣҪŪ⣬ȴһˣˣҲû˵÷֮
ԣһЩıͶ¶ݣҲʲô£ɶһߣ֮˵˵ȴʮֵı
Ҳ͹ˣϾ֮ʥ֮޵е˭ǹȻȴҲû£ֱ֮ǰ
һȾѪ˴Ƿ죬Ϊֹ֮ǲ֪ڼ䣬˺ε񹲷֮¡
˵ӵɸ߿뷢ţŭ˼㡣
ɽɣһͨͷԩ޳Ҳܽ𣬿Ƿȴǲɷ˵һȫɣڷҲֻһ˲Žѣࡣ
ԩ޳𣬺ɣȴţʷƾʲô˲ⱣﵱʲôԪϽ磬ѵ޼ɵ𣿡ȵ
һУһͨСɽģӴһʵΪɽСֹѪ𡣡
ڵϣ˺ۣԿΪӹһ٣˶ٴۡ
ֹӲٶ˵һҾס
ҲԶǵȴͰֹܵȥЦʵϣ˶Ȼ
Ȳ˵ʥѾؾԪ磬Ҳܣ˵Ϊ½ʥǳѹһʱ򣬾ʥҲҪݱ棬οˡ
ԼûԸ
ļٵģ£
ߣˣѵм٣̫Ԫˡ
ö˶˵ģôţࡣ
ôͣƮѩȥ˭֪ʲôͼıΣ֤ȷ䡣
Ĳ״ӵĿߣ˶ǲȻŭԪˣŭɶ׷վ
ֹ
ֹ

һվߵĿڣìͷֱָ
㳡һǣĳ³¶һ˿Ц
˵˵ʲôʱ¡طǷҲ̲סŭ˼ֱſڴƻƣƾռ޻β˷ŭ
Ļ˶ȴֻӭһЦ
кλҪ˵ƽ޲˿ϲŭҲֲ
ǺǡȻһЦĿɨȫе˱ܿߣҲеŭĿӡ
ǰصУҲ˶վӦ˵ֹģֻһС֣ԪˣǷĵˡ
ĵ˺˵ЩԪˣǱ˵ˣϽ֮˵ĽȻ޷̡
ʣһԷıƵĲ
ûﲻ
ҪҲܼ򵥣ؼϣЩ˵ָأܿȥôƺƴȴûκ;
Ǻε
һָܻܰܽǸЦ
ģԱ٣̾ͻֻǣģǱҪİˣʵηֱĳ١
ڷ죬ļߣƲҲҪ
Ŀǰ̬ȫϵϣţôģţʹʵҲǼٵģʥϵλٴʱ˿̣̬ȾһУº˷бʥɣҲǺˣǰް
ôŻǲţ
ɽɱ𣬺ӵĿߣ޹ؽҪҪǣһڣһѵӣĻְڣѵ͵ǰӻǲӡ
ǷһĲ˵Ŀⶼ



1861 
ģЩ쵰
ڵҧгݣ³ϵ˺޵˹
زﻹڱƶϾǰλ³ϻ˵һϣ³ࡣ
ֻǣûʲôáڵɫƽ
ı׻ѡҲǺްա
һı
ֶͬͬԸʩмƻ
˵ˣλ³ػ˵һƻֵĽڣû˵ҲûϵƻУȴƵ˷˼⡣
ڷ棬ԪڶͣͬΪԪֹ
Ȼأһǧɣ˶˵˵ǣ˷κһʥ־档
ʹԸҲò֡
ǰģƺѾѡ
ڵļ٣ܺѡ񣬶ǰٺһκֳϣ΢ᡣ
ϣ侲Ҫ֮

۾ȸ졣
֪ˣΪȨף֪ģȴڲ̽ࡣ
֮£ʥģΪʥ쿪Ԫɾʥ
κ飬ֻҪʵºۼ޷ʥȴĿݵԴͷͬʱݣҪʥͬڳ˵Ρ
ȻǰǣûͬĴڳڡ
㣬ޱȽӽʥĿֲڣҲγһĸţԻݡ
ûʲô⣬Դͷһ⽵£ɽɣֻǽ⻹ǳ֮ˣģ壬С
Ȼƻ˴£ȻôԵ

۾ڡ
һʱհɣȲ࣬ͻȥ
⻰һ˲ɧ
Ƿģ
û˵ģʱ࣬˵˼޻
δأԷʵҪڱ࣬壬Ҳǲܡ
ԭЩҡڲĻҲɶҡ
ȷʵԪ󣬲Ʈѩȥ벻͸ûһĽͣٲû񼡣
طǷĻôû뵽л
汻ԷԵ˵ܴ衣
ڵĴ֮
ɫƽ˻ɡĿ⣬ûд˿ѹ
ԣڵͷȥ̾һ
֪Ѿ޿ء
ľƺܹƽԪһֲԩ
ȻǺε
ս졣
˵ǹض⣬ȴҪѹô˵ȥ
иõĴʽȴѡһ֡
̬ȣѾչ¶š
ʥ߸ϣھ֮ϣ죬νֺܿܿγʥȴΪһֻϣһλǿڣֻ˵ûʲô⡣
һڰˡ
Ц𣬽ڽУһӣһͺսɳ¶˷ܡ֮ɫĺӵˣڣն촷ۡ
һλ޵з۵ĴۣкԵɣȻˣͱе
˭ҲûϵȻ֣û뵽ӵڷǰ˲һһ⾡ն
գұϷ죬һ˶Уȴͬ𶯡
ֱһʥҪǺεȰ
ڷⷬҲ޵ķʸ
˵ͷ죬ȷʵЩССԹλ𣬿ȴʲô¡
Ϊ֮﷽һӣû⵨Ȼзĵͷ
Ҳԩ˷
ȻҲ֪Ļ֣ЩҲµó˭˫Ƴˮ𣬵ȷΪʥ֮󣬳ҪȥһһսʱȫûҪ
ն˺ӵ˺󣬷תڳڶǿߣȫӡ
û˵ԼΪʲôҪȥΪûǱҪҲ˵̬֮󣬾͸ˡ
~
ֺ뽣⣬ӷݺύҡ֮ϣҪԪ񷳹˺
𶯡
û뵽ʵȻɳزԶմӻƻʱǿ
ұ֮ˣչ黹Ҫʵ˵ٶıƣҲȻǷֽ̡



1862 ʥ
ʲô
Ҫ֣
Ļ˶Уʱ˾κˣţޱ߿־塣
ǵģǿ־塣
ܷʵΣ٣Ҳкʥһսһ㣬ûܷϣʥĿֲڽ֣Ǻεȿ£˿֪
ȫֳͻʹҲ
~
ڷսͬʱȻͬʱڳֻоޱȵĿ־壬Ŀֲ籡Ǻӻرѣû˻ɣһ˲䣬Ǿͻᱻ˺ɷĩ
ЩȻû޵зۣɷۼޣ۷弶ȴҲһЩģȻʱ˭ɿֲǰеãС
ڣƮѩڷһ̣ѿճѺۣĩյĿֻŸͷ
ɲǰĿഥײһײԴƮѩ½׻
лͻ֮ʱһɿµϯסڳˣԼƮѩ
ĵ̣ộ֮

ڣ߸ϵ飬̺ŭ⣬Ѿȫ֣ѹ
һ֣㳡еֻеһر䶯Ǿ뿪ڣƮѩ֮⣬Ȼ֣ߣñ
ͬʱطǷҲ˳ȥ
һǿޱȵĿ⣬Ͷ˴ĪѹȻߵĳͻѾʥĹע
Ȼܶʥ˷ؾҲһЩԪҲһ
ЩʥԲ̷޼ɵĶ֣Ԫġ
ʥսŸԼҪ֣ҲҪٶƻ
ʱף˰޽ɣ̾ͻ⵽ʥѹ
޿⡣
Ȼ쳹أһ̤ȻԪλڸߵĲ֮ϡ
ԭأûж
ʵǿޱȣʥǣչ鲻ʥҲܽߵĲ棬ȻѹƼ󣬲ʵӡ
ͺʥٵ磬ܵѹƣܵĴ֮ޣʵһ
ʥǷġ
򡣡
ˣָ£߳Ȼ£޾ķӿһƺƵӴŷѹ
Щߵıͣ⺧˵һĻǵĸ֪У綼ھţǵӴĺɢױȵ˷Զɢһ£Ʈѩ򶼻ᱻ
úá
Ȼ壬֣һ
罣Ĵ߶£пٳܱ䷢չ˥ǧ仯ڷһ֮С
Χ򶼿Ѥַâֵһ·նͷ˶ͷ
ҡֱϣն˸߲ΣնǵصӴڷһǰȻֳ룬ݺնȭͷϡ
¡~
пһĻ˶ǺȻ𣬵ڵأһʱ
ǿعۿȥȴȭͷ𣬱һնˡ
һ޹
Ȼǿ˵ز
𺳵޷֪ת󣬱Ȼǿ󣬿ǣҲû뵽Ȼǿ˹
Ľ֣ȫ·磬ǿһȻڣȴƽɫ
ʥ֮𣬾Ȼκβ˷
⣬ֱûˡ
ȷʥָúεǿ󣿡
ľ֮࣬ҲĶҡƺһλѹ޿ƥеĴ
ò·Ҳŭ쳣һȭȭ£ʩչ淨ŷȥǲʲôһ򷨣֮ȥ
罣ڽɫÿһ֮Ȼֳʲôġ
ܱ֮һ۷壬ϣƲɵʱ佣ƥǿҲ֮ܽһһ˺͹ۣƿ
ڸһɽ嵹ݣӶ
ⶼǱ˵
ҲҿԪ磬Ҳҿʵ߲棬˵ǰ棬ûвԶںڰգΧĴ綼ᱻ˵
̶ֳȣɷΧڣˣЩʥǹעûѡ֡
Ͼһʢʱ½ʥһδʥ֮ûбҪʥҲԸóȻ֡
һδγ֣ͽ޹ڳŭˡ



1863 ƽϢ
Ʈѩ⡣
ĴǿĿɿڴ
ԭΪһߵսʱȴֳµ̬ƣ쳣ڵͷ졢ĴѰ
Խǿ󣬶ǾԽ
󣬵ȷҲʥǺεȵĺɨң޵С
ڵͲзôһˣǼȻ˾ҲֻܽʵĴ࣬һ뵽֮ǰųĻͲ
ҲδǷжǿҪδãʵû۷塭һλʮطɬ
ֻǣͬĻˣȴûж١
½ʥȻܺ͵ʥȣȻǳȴƲɵʹʵʥҲܲ·磬Ҳƽɫ
ȵǿ֮ʱʥҲҪݱ档
ˣδ˵£ŷ
˵ڻʥˡ
󣬵ȷҲʥֲ֪Ǻεȷ羰ˡĳ
ʱϾͻ䡣
~
һɿֲ޷ڵķ˺Ȼ̧ͷޱңԶľ룬ߴĮĿͶͬ߸ϵД˼䡣
ɢҫ۵Ĺâ硣
ҫ۹âУһӴӰֳƸǸƵǵӰһ֣ޱȿֲĻϢ糱ˮϯΧ˶һִͷĸо
츫
ŵĺ˳
۳ģǴ˵еĿ츫һȥؿ٣
Ψг½ʥ۳츫ңʹһΣô磬һɹ½ʥҲþ޴ĺô
ԭϵʻڣ֣ÿ츫죬ӴĽû뵽ȴǰ˳ԸɼǺεȵŭ

ڵʧɫһһٳȲۣͱ뿪ˣԺҪٶȿ٣Ҫ޴Ĵۣɨһʱǰ
ֻǣĻҲ
ЩԥҪҪԸȻϣ뷽Ŀഥ˷Ŀ£ԭЩҡڵ˼ҲȶΪ÷ɳȥδ磬û˵ĹԣԲ˺ӵ˵ָأԸĻӵ˸˵ĻᶼС
ȻѾ֣Ͳٳò·޹֮࣬Ҳӵļɵ
۳Ŀ츫Ҳ
Ԫ缫ٳɼ⿪츫֮Ҫȫһ֮ϣȻǹ֣أרģԸĻЧԶûôţˣһ֮Ҳǰ֮ϡ
罣
ҵ֣罣ִ
󣬷ÿһںһ֮ͳ˽
罣ԴͳʼԴ֮ںԴܸ֮޿ƥС
ٰɡ
૵ڣûɵһƬج壬ûйȥδûǳ£û顭ͻȻһ̹зɳĿ٣Դ
пһĻˣ׳ʣ·𿴵Ŀ١
¡~
̹ϡ
סֳĿ츫оĮȻŷȥޱȵĿ֮Ȼ䣬ҪﶼΪ磬ٿ䡣
罣VS츫
Դ֮VS֮
ЩƵһȻ䣬һҡֱϣ͵ײһ
һʱ䣬Ԫ綼ڻζţ˻ȻоֵԸӡ
˵ײҲʧȥ˿ƣ˵ƮѩˣΧۿҲҪ飬Ԫʥڳˡ
һͻȻϷɢҫ۽ԣס˱ɢҵ
ϳ˽
ʥ¡
˺Ȼʧɫ
ؽ࣬ԪҲʥƿأΪԪǿߣҲֻɵײನϾԴ֮뿪֮ײһʥҲ
£Ϊֹ
ƽ͵쳹أҲζţ¼һ䡣
λִߣȻûΪѷ˼ѹ˵ನ󣬽ƾʧ
һҲ뿪žͳطǷǰ
~
һâסˣ˵ײ˺Ԫ̥Ĥ˽硣



1864 䶯
ǡ
طǷֻеһתûŪʲôͷԼ˻صϤĵǡ
ԷʵҲʲô¡
طǷ˺󣬷ڵǵס͵һһѪɫ԰ֽ
츫һǺεȺˣ̺Ŀ֮һʥӲӣʹ罣Դ֮ˣҲչ鲻ʥӲɱˡ

ҲòȥЦ
һζƴܾ˵Ľʥǣȴܺƴ̶ȣ԰
ȻҲˣСʥ
һû˵չ½ʥʵԶû۷壬֮ƲɵΪεĶǱʥҲõȥ
ΣʵѾĴﵽʥһ𣬶ǰǰ㣬ʥ֧һʵķԾ

Ԫ硣
˷Ĵս⣬Ҳǲݲݽֻ뿪֮ʱ˶鿺ܲѣΪۼ֤һս
̫ǿˣ̫ǿˣû뵽Ȼǿ˹ز
Ŀ츫ûܻܴ뿪󡣡
˶˷š
ܿ죬һսĽԼٶȣ磬ŵ޲Ī֮һκ䶯磬λ½ʥ
ϾǷ۷壬ʥо޴ĳɳռ䡣
綼һսԼһսȴȻˣûж˶ܿǶԷֻһṩԷֵĽڰˡ
˶Էʵ棬ȥʥλʥڳĬƬ̺󣬸˴𰸡
ʥʤʥ
һ̺䴫磬ʥҲȡĬϵ̬ȣ÷ʸ߷壬ѹ
ںܶѾΪ½ʥ졣
һ˫ʥ
ɾʥ֮ʱʱ׵

㽹ͷö˺ڵɳ̾뵽úõῪҲȥľ
Ҵݼ֮ʱһֻ׵â֣Ȼˣȴûϣһһޱ߿ĸоǴӾ䷲˥ˡ
ʧɫû뵽ƾȻصز
޷һʱͺˡҡҡͷû⣺ҪƳܿˣңۻǳ󡣡
ҪҪæҡͷҪģֻҪкڣû磬Ҳûô˳ˡ
ǿȷʵҵ󣬲ʥۡ̾һ
ȣҲΪǿҲĶ֣ɽȴԤϡ
츫ˣûܻܷ˵һ޴ĴýʥЩĿһеʵ
ǳԶˣĳЩˣҲ븶ۡâ̧ûա
ԪɽһۼٷС
³վ۶㣬ľսǿ־塣
ôܡ
ζ벻Ѿǿʵʥȼ磬ңֻҪ뵽ʥͲ
֪һʥǺεǿ󣬶˵Ƕв
ҪǣǰķƣжɱİգķȻʥһҪɱ졣
ѳɡ
³Ժвɸ֣ľ
Ķǻֵ̿ʱͻȻһֻƴ̽ңңץۡ
~³ÿһĻʱ׹ѡ
ܴ죬뵽˻ܵϾŵļƻƶһѣ˺ֵ߳Ľڣ򣬼ʹЩĶҲδػԷ֡ڿ־壬³ͣܣҪٶ뿪Ԫ磬Ƿǿ˺Ԫ̥ĤҲԶûô졣
~
ץ£Ӵ۰ˣԻ촷ۣջأǴûгֹ
ʥһŭɡ
ˣҪɱ³ϵˣ׾١

ʱţһսѾȥǧ꣬ƣȻ죬Ͼ½ʥǰֱΪͬһ
һգȥûκȻȴһ£磬Ҳ˵Ŀ⣬ٴξۼؾ
ʥ䡣



1865 
ѪӯҰ
б߳סľһĻ
ޱ޼ʵѪգﶼĿһ޴Ѻ۹ᴩ񷣬ͷ
ʥס
ϵʥϣܶô֮½ʥͬģǵ䣬Ҳشı仯
޵ʥ취һԣӶ޷ж
ҲǺܶʥ겻ȴû֪ԭ򣬱ϾҲ֮طӲдͻٻһʥжϲ׼ȷ
ǣսбɱȻ֣һΡ
ʥˡĿ΢
ͣǵһμʥ
ܿ죬һϢ磬Ϊ֮𶯡
ʥڷؾ
ؾȻΣա
һ𣬽ӵϢʱһʥ֮ܣΣյģҲûмʷϵķؾûΣյ̶ȣȻطӡķؾȻ췭ظı仯
ãʦɫ䣬ڷؾ档
ʦʵܱȵġҡҡͷοһ䣬ͨʥֳʵ綼ǰеģΣҲֲ
ˣҲ̲סеǡ
䣬ȷʵȻ󲨣ס˷ؾڵʥʶؾΣպû˸Ҵ⣬ʥӷؾڡ
һգһĹâƿնǡ
û˷ӦһɿֲޱȵϢȻٵڵ磬ŵǵλüٷ
ʥ
һȻڵϿգҲȺ¶ɫ
İʥٶȼ죬תۼ͵˵ǰ
̻Էһ㶣žͷǵʦãԼˡ
壬̻Ŀɨˣһ˵סĹڡ
ʱĵǣԷΪ𣬶岻ܵλʵҲǵǵĶ⡣
˶һۣһЩ뷨Ǻʥ̻һȥķؾع飬ֻб̻
˵˵Ĺ̻ɫ
ˡ
λʦֶ˷ؾ
ʲôһ
Ҳɫ䣬ʥȻڷؾ
ô£ʦ𣿡
ѡ
̻̾˿ľ˵˳
ԽԽʥؾҲؾҪŪ࣬ǣҲ֪ǲǴʲôؾ˲Ϣ֮䣬ÿһֲޱȵĴ󱻷ڴġ
Ҫ˳֮ʱȴΧƴ䣬Ǹסˡ
ͷƸոתЩ֮ʣȫ֣ͬʱ̻˳ˣڴ֮У޷ݳ
ǵʥΪٵʥͬסùģֻһˡ
ЩӷؾʥûԶģܰȻء
ǸΪֻҪǿͻƣͲˣ˶Ǳסʱû֮ǡ̻̾
ǣϵɫȴһ㶼û١
ΪǺ˲һʥҲͱˣȴģǡ
Уٳ޷أȻ⵽Էɣʹ䣬ҲԪˣ³ò˶١
֪ʦֵĴΣգֹͷҪԽ侲һ취ǳ
̻ûоҴȥ
飬˷
ȡֻ˵һ֡
˵ȣûκΰ취㷽ʥʵˣסĴҲңҪԷɣҲô죬ڼֻԼ硣
˱˶ãܿ죬һϢѸٴ硣
ʥ٣һģȴֻһˡ
Ͼͬʥ˷ؾԪλʥ£ûнȥĳǽȻ˷ؼȴû̫ԶҲûס
ʱڣûʲô̫ı仯ǣһȥӪȵ˵Ϊʧܣһλնڳ֣ҲûܽǾȳ˲òһʵ
ңʥƾãڷؾҲ֮ǡ
˵ȷʵˣʹԼʥʧݣҲдͷĻ򲻻ҡ
ǣԵǣԵؽ˵ȴһƽˮ£ӿ
ɽ¥ͳ



1866 Ʈҡ
Щˡ
ǵĹһ𣬺˫üţĪ⡣
ĵؽ磬ӿкܶ˴Ǻܲ
ڵؽĶָƣϾȻĻ󣬿ʵϵȴ˿ɱȵġ
ҲΪʲô
ʦʧڷؾȻվʦѹƵ̫ˡЦ
˵˵ȥǵλ֮
һλʥʾ֮£ΪʲôҪԷ֣ΪʲôɱףΪδ̫£ڵʱڸʥĹԡ
ڵؽҲһ
ִ֮ϵģǵЩ½ʥôǿ󣬳ɨҲֻǱϵķޣͷϣһλλ޿ɺ
ⲻǽ硣
½ʥִƣΪĽ֮ìܻ̫ҡ
ɵؽȴͬЩʥѵܸģû˻ϣԼͷԶһˣ޷Խǰû취ڵȴһᡣ
˭ִ˭ǵؽ
涯ģⲻ˵ġ
ջ󣬳ԽһС
ԭǻϾֻҪع飬ٴִҲ޿κΣ뽣ͬؽֻڵܷӳûܴӵǿᡣ
ֻҪţ˾ûϣ
ڵ޷ع飬ֻҪʱһܵԷɣ㲻ɱȻʵ󽵣ƿҲԶǰʱؽ罫ʱɾǵĻᡣ
ڵãʱȥʦΣҲԽչ̲ס֡ԾҲǿķ
ǣҲǺǵġ
ʹڣҲзңŵǵ̫֮ǿ֮Ĵ˵
Ȱɡ˵ͷ
˱ĮȻҲΪ֮Ŭߣ˶ϣǳ¡

ȻĻǻ
ֹǧ꣬һա
~
ĿֲϢٵڵ磬Ǳ̻ߵϢԣ޼ɵͷԼ硣
У˾̵أоǿ־壬λʥķǳԶʥĿֲϢҲסˡ
ʱһ˿ӴϢӵǳ֮ǵ˷׷׻ָ
̧ͷȥֻâһѷޱȵ֮бָǰޱȵϢϯ磬ߴλʥ⡣
۷
һĻǵ˷׷¶֮ɫʥһ򣬻
Ǹо²Ϊûаճѹλʥû֣ܿ糱ˮȥ
ֻǿʼ
һ֮ڣ֮ʥϢ磬뷽ţѸȥûֵļȻһĻҡ
ǿҪ̲סˡ
Լλǵĸ֮ʱڣ˵һ仰
ԣ޲ɫ䡣
ǣ̫֮һλ̲ס
֣ң̫֮ѣҲûаաҡҡͷ
ǻ
ǱȻġ
Ϊûһλʥаգܴܷ̫֮µǡ
ʦҪԷɣǧ֮ãǾͲ¡૵
Ĭһ᣺Ϊҡ
ǵģΪ
ûезλۡ
һɾʥʵɨ£ʱǾҲûõˡ
ɰתǧǰû֪ʲôʱɾʥ
һܲǼλʥ̽̽;磬һ
̽Ľľ
ǧķ֮ѾޱȽӽʥʱпɾתسԤϵģɳĸ졣
ǵȲܵԷˣΪǸģ֮ǰͻɾʥ
׼ӭսɡһ
һ٣޿ɱܡ
緽ϣǵܵȫΪٵĽ֮Ǳ٣ڵؽܵ𺦣һʱ䣬ؽ綼˶ʱڡ
зѣҲȫԾܵ˼Ĵˡ
Ʈҡý㡣
ǼҪ𣬳Ϊʷ
ǡ
Ļ̻֮Уһ̤Ȼ˵ǣٵؽ磬Ȼڣ֮˲䴫˵ؽ硣
ҵɨһУʥ֮·
𶯡


1867 ʥ֮·
ؽ硣
ڴ˲ԵʱЩɫ䡣
ʥ졣
ؽʮ֮һ
ʱʥڣһȻ۾ĿԽңԶľ룬̤ǵķϡ
ӣʥǰٵǣ̽ǳ
¶֮ɫ
~
Ӵʥ죬Ȼһ£һɿֲޱȵϢϯѸһһֵӳʥǰ
ˡʥ⡣
ؽʮ֮һ졣
λµʥۼһ
Ϊ˶ԸǣҪͼıʥò֣ʥʹеλ˵ĹϵҲ
âȥ¶ݣˮ
ڳʥ
ʥ˵ͷҲһ۾Ϳ˷״̬
ʥһַʽ
һϣֻҪɹûбͬܳɾʥ֮ȻԴӣǶ
ߵľһ·
һȳѹ³סҲ˳ʥ֮ϣʥĽ
ڣõģڶ·
Զԣ·ûи֣֮ĳɹҲһġ
ÿ˵ͬĳɳʱ̫̣֮𣬶ԴĸҲǧڴ˵ǿȣ·Ҫʱ䡣
ԣѡ˵ڶ£ĥѺš
ĳɹжһ㣬Զ
ĻȻܹɹʥΪĵˡ
ʥɫҲǼΪѿ
Ƕ̽ľ֪ķޱȽӽʥʵʥһ𣬿˵ʮþȡ
һɹؼ佫һλޱȿµʥ
ûгΪʥʥսһΪʥǺεȿ£˲
ֹ˶һۣж˾ϡ
Ҫϣе֮ΣҪҲҪ֮ء
·ǧǣϵḶ́˺ѸԤնڳ֣ǳҪԤƻ׶ˡ
̾˿鸴ӡ
˵ҲԨԴڴٰǧʢһɳ죬£ûշţʱʱҲǸеʹ
û뵽СһѾɳˣǶòȥԵĵز

ڷԺ󣬷УʶްθߣӴϵ־
һĴ磬־ڶ磬
ÿһλʥ֮ʱȻϣǵıʱڣҲ½ʥͻͽ֮ʱֱ֮ȥŻὥָ
ŷӴʱ޾ӵؽӿ˿ŵشɽݺݵѹ˷ϡ
֮ء
õ˵ͬʱҲأܲᱻѹ壬ʥʧܣ
·һ˷ϡ
֮޷һ˿һܶõģ
ûжùһڴ˵ĸ
һεκˮڷϣܿ죬ͺ䤱Ȼȴͦıֱûа͡
֮أڴԼ壬׼ת̡
ÿһϵʥķʽͬԵ޶ԣǾת
Ψоת̳ɾ͵ڴ֮֮ϣ۷壬ĵ·ͬ
ĺԶ˫ۣɺˮͣ¡
ͻȻɱ졣
һһӰڷΧǲĿŷ
ЩˣǵؽʮطۣǵʵͷԶǶ֣Ȼڣ֮أ󲿷Ҫ⣬ֳܷޣҲǳֵĵ
ϣ˭ܸɵһ
Ŀ䡣
Щ˶ЩʥʹΪľǴʥ֮·
Ȼ׼˿⡣
ѡһʥ֮·ͱȻҪ裬ΨкɨһУ׹ǣܵپ
ʥˣûг֡
ȻųЩʥ½ʥ˱һܶõޣ򣬺ƵĻҲסʥǵȫ֡
ɱ~
·ߣɱ⡣
ֿ֮أǰɱȥȺ֮УǿޱȵţѪʱ˳ա



1868 ޵
һһʮط۱ɱͬһ޵ս񣬻ȾѪȺɱѪ
ͷ·֮ض˵ڰ㡣
ڣЩ˵ˣɱķоǿ־塣
Ҫ˵Щ˺ͷѪҲδأǱʥʹ߱ա
ΪʥķǴģпɳ֮ȻʵȴһķҲԶܶԸġ
ͻȻһͷҲصԶߣһ̶ͣ˵
˵һͻеڶԽ٣ԷвԽСζûɵϣܿ죬˶ӵĸɸɾ
Щʮط۵ţڷǿʵǰ̾ͱ顣
̫ǿˡ
Ƿ֮ʱʥʵۣǿĳ󡣡
ʥ£;ɵؽ紫磬֪ԸֶָΣۿ̬չ
ƲɵĺɱУۿһĻ˷׷׾
ûһʥѡͬĳ·ϣзǿƲɵ
УҲĿתĿš
ǸӹעΪĳɰܣǵĴΧɱʮط۲Ӿ΢ɿͬʱϵȴȻء
Ϊţûг֡
¡~
ֲ׵Ȼ٣Ӹ£·λھ֮ϣڷǰһâϡֳ͡
ڳˡ
˵Ĳ
ڳʥ֮ʱųױȣΪУؽΪУǿų£ʥ޷ٸ棬ֻ۳һʵˣҲЩʮطܱȡ
~
ոۣûж֣Ϳһȭͬظ顣
˻пŵˣ̲סһ
ʥһŭԶ۳ͬʱһ֣һΧ
һۣʥˡ

ʥ


ʥһ֣Ը
ؽʥȻֻλɲʥҲеʥ֪
λʥΧҲд󣬽ڽ罣ܣݺᣬΧһУԵĽأԾ롣
֮أܣҲЩֿܵģò˶ãڽб׷׷飬ȻϾͻµɣʥ֧£Щȫ޾
ų⣬̫ɢвһʺϣ·ᱻû
һߣռϷ硣˶¶ʡ
ΪʥԶʮطܱȣʹͬ;磬ܷӳʵҲ֮Ȼʥ֣Ȼȫѹơ
ʱնֳ룬һޱ޼ʵķһƽ޲󺣣γ˹ƽ⡣
ӿ֣һոճֵȫգȻս
˫ҧ
ֵģȻ˫ؽһλʥҲֻγĿֲ
˵˫ʥǿ󣬶Ϊһλʥûȫȥ
Ҳʹų⣬Զʥ٣ҲͶǿ
˫ȫ֮ϣһ룬Ťת˾ƣȫѹ˷᧿Σ
úáŭ
֪˫ԵǵĲܽٵ̽ʥûɷܿ϶ؼʱ̣˫һ֡
λݺ޵еʥȡ֮˼
ǿϻ⣬ڷϣʼˣƺǰ
ͻȻ
֣¶֮ɫ
ڽ
ֺĴ֮٣֮أǵ޷˺
ҪͻΪʥ𣬲ǷۼޡۿŵˣҲʱ
̫ǿˣʶĺˣǷۼޡ
Щʥ̽ҲǿڸǣǶ֣Կ͸ʵ硣
Ļ֮֮ʼ˷ɳҲʹÿռ伱
֣֮÷УͬʱҲӿ룬άڵƽ⣬ڱʹߴƽ⡣
̧ͷǰǰεضĲ硣
ǰƺֿɼ
Ƿۼޡ
þʧ³ǰʱȻ¾ʵǷĽһ̨ף˫ǿƣҲֵסϷ
һɣֲϷ飬ѶԷв
գ֮أĿ⵭Įȴһ޵ս̤һС
Ϊ֮ʧ



1869 
ؽҪһʥˣһޱǿ½ʥ
һ̣粻֪˸п
˶ܿѾأûֹǶǣָʥ
ǣʥȴࡣ
λʥһţѾǼ侪ˣȻʹҲûܳɹ
ǿǰδС
Ԫ磬ɫĿԽңԶ룬ŷ޿赲鲻ϧ﷽ǲ뷽ôɾʥڸ˵Ĺԣû뵽ʧˡ

һ̾Ϣ
ǣҲϲ
ɹˡ
ǣϲɫ
Ƕ֪ĳ֮·޿赲ˡ
ؽ粻иʥ֣Ķ磬ȻҲеӷʥǣеһ֣ˣ͵һ˷ؾ
Ͼ϶ҪעǵĶģ뿪Ҳʹһ
ЩûʥʱȴҲֻܸɵۣ޷ֹ
ΪǱĶʥԶȵؽʥܵؽų⣬˻ȴ۲ˣ̸ֹ
ʱ򣬳նڳ֣пֹǶ
Ѷ

߶󣬱޾⣬һУ˫˵Ϸ飬޷вͬʱ֮أĴ˼ޡ
˿̣ɣԼһٶȹ٣ɾתϣɾʥ
ϵʥ֮λֿɵá
Ȼȴͣˣüͷ΢΢
Ǳˣ²κԥǣȴͬһУ⡣
磬֮ͻ֮ɣʮط۶ͬĳ֮·Ҳ˲һ
ڷ۷ͷۼ޵ʱ򣬾Ѿչˣϴ֮ʱҲ÷ƽʧȥɢҿؼʱ̣ӿ֮÷ɹͻ˾磬γµƽ⡣
ǳΪʥأϣų֮ǿҲԶԶ޷ϴȡ
ʱ֮Զ֮Ӷ֮ųΪʥ
ҲһĿܣ
һ֣ǷҪġ
ҵʥ֮·˶ͬڵؽ֮ڡ
򣬷־ٶȰθߣϣԼ䣬ȻѾԽ˵ؽķ룬پһص
ʱضù
΢ţ͵һ콣ⶸȻʧͬʱҲӰ
ʧˣ
ѵǣʼתһ٣
עŷ˿һĻһ׹ڵϵ˶˽ġ
Ȼһζ٣ǰκһζһû߲֮١
ǣǾתҲһ٣˵ͺǰͬ
ң֮𣬹Ψһܺ͵˱ȼĿֲڣһڲͬҲǲܡ
Ҳˣüͷ
ʧǵĸоɽٲһ
һ󣬷Ȼûг֡
ԣǶɽ١ͻȻûһλ޵ľתӵġ

ʱ׹Ƕɽ٣ǲ֪ΪΣʧˡ
ʶһ㣬˶ˡ
ôĶŪĿҪʥ֮λ˶ֹۿƲɵĴ˴仨ˮûֹ
˶ΪҪתɾʥʱȴĪʧˡ
ͺһӰѭ򽥽ŵ߳ʱͻȻͣˡ
ʲôڸʲô
ȥ
ҳ
˴ң̾˿ʼ㷽λã湦취ʥһҪҳԷλãʲô¡
ʵεǿ󣬼ʹûʥֶΣҲʥʵҪҳλãûôס
ڷʧʱͷӦ̫ѣڸһѶȴҪࡣ
ˣλҲܿ챻Ԫһλʥ˳
Ե
̶̵ʱ䣬ȻԽңԶľ룬ӵؽ絽Ե
һĿ⣬Եλȥȴ·һ֣С
ʲôû֪Ŀġ
ˣȴǳüչ
ǺǣڵؽڳɾʥҲͰˣκãҲ֪ôģȻȥԵЦ
ڵؽڣų⣬ܶõޣڵؽ֮⣬ûų⣬ȴ޹˼ɡ
Σֹ
~
һλλʥգ˺˵ؽ̥Ĥ磬Եȥ



1870 ɽ
ڰգһǿӰͻȻ֣ʧԽޱңԶľ롣
ÿһζݵ˰嫵񳱣˷ϯٶȣԵĴˡ
Ϊ׷ٶȣûȫʱ̫ݣ»;ԵѺ
ʥ֮
кĿģҪӵؽ磬ԵҲһܵģοﱻ֣ǵڵǵĿ⣬Ҳ̽Եͼ
·;УҲ̲סʡ
֪ʥͬУҡҡͷҲЩɡ
ѡ߳·ʥ٣󲿷ֶͬһ㣬ҲΪʥͳ
һ룬ۿžҪɹˣȴͻȻ뿪˵ֹ붼δȫ޷⡣
ϾǺ͵һʥ
ǶǺ󱲣Щǰ˽⣬ڴ˵翪֮ʣδһжԵûѶǸʱôʥ֣סħ֣Ҳе˵ĳ֡
Ժ󣬱˵ǵһģͨնڣһδ
Ϊȥ޷⣬ġ
Σּ֤׼Ǳ׼ҪֹԲסص
ĿͶԵȴڵʱԤϡ
ʥҲͷ

Ե֮С
˷⣬ˣһ̻ʦãһǰ׷ԲԵĺڷߡ
̻ʦ壬ˡ̻ͷл
Լ֪Լ£ԼҲδѣ׼
ȷϣʥ֮·߲ͨѡһ
Χʱ򣬱̻û¶棬ԵΪ֣ߵĲãҲڶ֮ǰͽˣ̶ʱ̣ܲ˾˵Ĵֱʡ
ʦǳǰҲܿŵǱ𡣡̻
Щ꣬ĴߣҪȳˣͬʱҲ׼ԵĲá
УлԮֶ֡һԵĺڷ߸л
ߣС°ˣҳݡ˰֣ҺʦĽ飬æҲ޿ɺǣЩ֪ߵغСΪһС¾ʹ󶯸ɸ꣬Ŀǳȫ֪ĵⲻڣħĵˡ
УŶԴ˵Ĳ󣬲ηǱ̻ûʲôɫ
λʥʱ䣬Զˣվ·ã䣬ȴȻסʱĳˢ͸ųĺȻѾĺꡣ
Ǻ͵Ľ飬Ҳδػ֣
صؽ粻֪꣬ȻҲн֮ˣ֮һҲǵʥ֮УΪó󷨵ˣµĴ󣬼ܵסʥĽ
һ
Ȼ֪ڵؽʥףûдţûгɹĿܡ
ԼѡΪû͵͵ͻƵĻᣬһʥȻᱻ˲ң¹ȥһֱڴҲֻܼˡ
Ϊ˱©Ϣ֪µ˺٣˶û͸¶ʱ˿̣ԸԮֵҲ١
˱̻;⣬̫֮Ҳ߮ڸʱԮ
Ȼڱ֤ܵǰ£ܶõǿ
ɰڴһ١ȫ֮أƽľµĵ·

һסȥ·˿ǰ
ʥɫûжԥΪÿһ̣ɹĻԽȻ̷֣Լࡣ
ѿ
ԵȻһӴޱȵĴȻûסԵȴҲ֮һĵֶʥǿã˾˵ֱʣֻоԳֲпܡ
û뵽Ϊ֡ʥҲǸе졣
ǵĴʱ䣬Զܺ͵ȣȻҲû뵽߻Ԯ֡
󣬾Ȼһ㣬ؾǳĸо
ʧܺ˴Ϥ֮
š
ʥͷ
ؾǳ󣬿סȻ˵õУµĴ󾡹ԶǰߣȴҲǺƵġ
˫ˣҲڲʶ˼֮
Ƿ׷ױ裬ƻ֮ʱͻȻһĪĸоͷӿ
һ̧ͷȻޱߵغȻ٣ᴩز񷣬ĺب
߲硣
תѾڶһ١
ʥһۣĸоĵ׷ӿ



1871 
ֹ
Բɹ
ʥһۣ֪ܲҪͻƵԭ򣬿ǶתɾʥҲֻкϵһˡ
޵ϵһתɹȻܳɾʥ
˵ֻҪȹһ٣ͻһλʥޱǿʥϣģҪͼıϣ
ǴʥʥҲʶһ㣬ԼͬӴٶȡ
~
ڶʥȫ£֮һԵĿֲһʱҲҡҡ׹֮У·ʱȥ
룬Ŵתɫȴ˿䡣
ǺǣǹĦؾջ񣬻浲סǣڣ͸ʵš
֮Զ֮ʵʵԣʥǿ٣һ´ȴһж࣬ס
иʥǰȻȥȻԸͽµʥȴûôࡣ
һ赲ʥĿͶСӣŪ˺ôĶ

ܣԷ˵ǵһΣȹ٣Ҳ֮࣬ǰĽ׶Σڵʵ׾Ͷȹˡ
û˻һ㡣
ˮبغһ𣬹ͨ˸߲磬ͻи߲ıҪնɱ
ɶ񣬾Ĵ󣬶ʱڸ޷ȥֻţʥŭ
˵꣬ȴûĻӦһȥֻ¶˼֮ɫ
ôˣ
Ҷ֪תһ٣ҪôһĴ˵Ҫôǿ飬ȻǴ˵ȴҲǿޱȡ૵
ʥãȻʲô
ǶǵޣҲǾ˾תɾ͵ʥԴˣĲ
תʵϵĿģΪ壬壬Ҳ֮ϵָ񷲵Ĺؼ
ͬϵͲͬ壬ͬ磬вͬĳƺǵ壬ʥ壬壬Ʋͬȴһġ
޵ľתҪĵҲһǰİתΪ̵档
ں֮ԴΪո߲ıԴһ
߲磬вͬǵıԴҲ
ˣ޵ѡҲأҲˣɵ岻ͬ
ʸʥĵޣ޲Ӵ˸߲ıԴȻԴҲи±֣֮֮
ѡһ߲㱾Դ߲磬һڶٵʱֻӦ߲һ˵ｵ١
֮١
󲿷ֵޣǱ㣬޷߲㱾Դѡ˴һı㱾Դͬʱ磬Ҳʹ֮ʱ߲綼ǿ֡
ͬǰ١
ŭ߲֮٣Բǰǰ㣬һ߲顣
ʥʹȻ˵УоתҪԴ˵˵ʵϣȴˡ
޶ûǱֻеȵɾʥܴ߲֮㱾ԴϾÿ޶ôģд˵ｵ٣ҲȲȥΨһ;ʥʹѡľǴһı㱾ԴԵģҲ߲Ĵ˵ˣҲǾһ
ʥǿǰδУû˻ɣֱո߲㱾ԴӶĴ˵
о죬ʥʶ̧ͷ˹ȥ
һ̣ͫ׼
ֻغڣֳĻ棬Ȼֱ麣;ġ
Ҳ˵Ը߲ǿ齵١
ؼǣǹֵͨĻУɢݳĲĿֲϢȫһǿܱȡ
˵Ǵ˵ʥѿڶ̺ż𾪡
ѵͷ
ʣѡ˸߲㱾Դ߲һգȫبδеġ
𣿡
ʥʱһĻˣ޲ðһͷ
˵٣еգ
ҪֹȴҲûҪᱣҲ֮ǣǣ֮£ˣٲ
̻ɫ䣬֪Ҫɽ٣Ҫʥȴû뵽˷ľٶ
ʷϣȷʵеһʱԴ˵ǽֹһ𣬶Щ޲ʥʵѰǿ
ǿ죬ԽʷϵʥȴҲ˵
ôģѾʼҲ޷ˡ

ŹֵͨĻ棬쳣ƽ
֪еգǣҪԼѡʥ֮·ͱǿĳ壬ܳһС
ɡ



1872 ĥ
ԽԽǿ߲繵ͨĵطӿȵͨ׽һ̡
¡~
֮һԵĴһζţ·ҪΪ֮㸲
һ¶ޱص飬ȫٿ󷨣ʹ֮й±
СӡɫףԭΪ̫ѵӷؾһЩʥ֪Ȼһ˵
ҳŲ˶ãֻϣڴ֮ǰСܳɹ

Ǵϲۿŷ޷û뵽ȻѡѶȵ٣ȫȡ֮

˵ͨʽ٣ֲޱȵȻ䣬߲繹Ŀռ䣬Ҳ޴ĳ
˵˴˵ǿԼٵĿֲ
Է˵ǻ£ҲǺ¡
ҪǰδеĿֲ٣Σռ󣬿ͬģҲ֮ӳԼǿʵ
ңû߲翪ٵĿռ䣬Щ˵磬ͻܵų⡣
ڸ߲һ
ʱԽųԽ󣬶ԷҲ
ȻǰҪܳŵʱ

̧ͷŽٵ˵
ߵĴ˵һֻӴɽľͷߣɫۼ׸ȫϢ䣬٣һС
ұߵĴ˵ңڽ֮һ䶯չ֫ɫĻȼ𣬷ĺ˻ġ
мĴ˵Ծģɲĺڰ֣Ŀⶼ޷͸ֻܸӦ̺ŵĿֲ㰲Ϣ֮ء
ͷߣʯˣԼڰһ
߲̫ˡ
ǵ̫̫̽٣Ĵ˵֪֮΢ʱٵ˵ûйǵļأһ֪
Ϊ˵ʹ籾Դĳһ棬ϣܸ߲ܵıԴϢ
ͼȡԴ磬عɡͷҡԴ겨
ʯһЦȭͷ͵غ£ֲĻʱ·ŷϯȥ
һߣͷҲûпϷŸԴζţһÿһ׵ıһ磬顣
ҵһХ޾Ľ⣬ӭ˻ʯ˺;ͷߡ
ʱܷӳȫʵʵȻһʥȴսʱǿ˵һ𣬵ԵĻвǣԵ
ʯ˺;ͷߵȻ٣˾ǵ⡣
򷨲֣ʹ·磬һʱҲǡ
⻹˵о裬ڰҲһ֣²þбɣֻڷûбʤİա
˵вΨһʤȥȵǱȻһ
ʵȻ㣬ȴҲ˶٣ıֶκͻָϲȥ
һߵֵžͷߺͻʯ˵Ĺһʱ̹עڰֵֻǣⲻ֪ûʵ̬Ŀֲ飬ʼûж֡
۰֪Ҫʲôʱȥ
ͣúϢһΡ
ģеһƣ·ͨʱڣҹû˯һ㣬ֽųٻ
·Ҫĺڰ֮У˯
~
أӺգԺеͷ͵ѹȻ
Ǵûгֹ¡

ڰԼ´ˣͶˣֻǹʽ⣬ڸսٵʱͿʼӰԼʱķá
Ƕ˼άӰ죬ƺҪԶ˯ȥҲԽԽأֽŷ
ڰԹͣŷңǵų⻹Ҫÿ졣
ӿ𣬳ڰȴʯ󺣣ûκβ
ܵȥˣһԽȥԽ
ûгɡ
ٰɡ
罣ִУܴΧڣûɣج壬ûйȥδûǳ£Ҳû顭ͻȻһ̹зɳ翪٣Դ
ǿһ̺֮ģһ
ʱŸ߲Ĵ˵⿪һҲ˱仯̹ΧӿһʹѸԽ˹
һ̣ʹ־ն̵顣
ͷߺͻʯɫ䣬овֱɣǲҵ׷óԼȫӭȥ
ڰΧǺڹ÷һᡣ
̹Ʋɵ˲˾ͷߺͻʯ˵ȻԽϣٶȾԽ·ӣգͣ˰գ˵ﻹһЩ룬ǰ˫һ
Ͼ˵
ۿһ޹Ϲž޲ͻȻɫĹԴӿɲǼ䣬ֹͣתһжͣͣһӴĥӰڷǷϵĻ
ڵԳƿأȴڹؼʱ̣߶ܡ
Դ
ңԶĻ𶯣ŵ洫
ĥӰתؼ·˳תȻУָ̹ĥ𣬾ͷߺͻʯڰâһ̣Ǿͱ̹ɣĥ
ٵ˵ǿҲضսܵų⣬ֲסӳɵĿһ֮
Խʹ˻ʱܵ˷ɣڵƽҲƻȴ쳣ƽ
~
鿪ʼܣͬʱ߲ıԴҲǳˮӿ˷֮Уǿ塣
ڷ֮ϣɢԡ
Ľʼˡ



1873 ϵ
~
ֲ׵糱ˮ˷ɫ䣬Ҳķ˲ݣʣסȫ
Ƿ˵ײǽ߾ĥֲ
ûͼȥֵڴֲ̫ˣټϴ˵Ĺ
й£֮һԵĴֽһ㣬˲
ȫҲû뵽ᷢı仯糱ˮϯĽڽںˣһʱֻܻס
ȵȶ̧ͷȥʱ忪ʼ
ϣ޷ֹؼ䣬Ҳһʥ
ˡ
һ˿Եİûӿͷ


ɫħͷŭ͸˵˷ܺͼ

ڷޱĴ߶ʱħ̾˸Ӧ궼ڲĸо͵һģһңӵ̣˳Ǵ˵еıԴ
ֻҪܵõδϣΪħ档
ħ棬Ǻնһĳڡ
~
ı۾˽٣ͺɫħһۣܿԷеĿϲ
ǾԵĻħ񣬶ҵ걻ʱ̹עˣһʱ䷴Ӧ˹Ļħ̫Զûйעûб
Ǹ࣬ںϵᣬ߱Դɫħͳ
Դ̫ͬҫۣҲܽ˿Եڵ֪кüλʥ˲
ԴڻģǸϵ֮ʱȻ޷ƿأǵĻᡣ
Щʥע⣬ҳᡣı۾˳
á
ûԥҲûгɣǵʱ䲻ࡣ
ʱѾݲֻǸеıԴնҲһ
¡
ħ񼸲̾͵Եһŭ𣬺ɫħ˵ע⣬ͬʱı۾˴֣Żץȥ
ʱҫ£ȻΣ塣
ǿޱȵѹʥǻħ񣬶еһľ·𿴵˸ߵȵĴڣı۾˵͵һͣţݺҧֱ𣬿˷еĿ־壬ȥƲ䡣
Ŀɨɫûб仯һָڻһƣΪһŻâ͵Ͷȥ
·ǽһգͶ˴󺣡
ֲϯأâҫÿһ֮أ˲䱬һԵҲ޾磬ʱա
ı۾˲ҽһֱӱ촷ۣɫħ¶־壬ȴҲѲãֱӱĥ
̼䣬ħ䡣
ʱ˿̣ɾķȻܲݻĿֲܡ
˵̤ԵǵʵȴҲܿһֱ֮š
ħʹûһɱڷֻǿ
ͫ׼̲סȥûģӹһ֮
ۿŻ»ΪâڷͷеİûڣѾתΪ־塣
Ŀ˲Լͬĺһ
ϵֳ΢΢ҡͷ
÷顣
ϾЩˣûжԷʵԵ˺ңĶһƣǻﲻ
ջĿ⣬ڲ׷Щʱһϵ
ֻǣĺϵע˲ͬ
΢罣ǰĴȻǱʥ֮ϣϣǰԴ֮ء
Ȼȴɢҫ۹ԣȻǣ޾ĴᴩԻûڡ
ʲô
壬𣿡
΢ɣֱĺϵĿɿڴ
ȻͬһԴǾתǽȻͬ
Ҳһ
ڴ֮£Ѹٱ˷˵̬תΪ
£˭Ҳκβ˭ԵǶû֮ģʼɢһһңμ
һ壬ĳ±Ȼ߲ıԴγɵǿ壬ȴӲĳ¼ΡȻ
С
ˣֻеԺһƬجɳǵ⡣
Ļ֮УǣŴΰ̬Ҳڴ½ű仯γ˳̬
ǷҪĵİѽ罣
źϵʱΰһٳɹ
罣֣Ѹǿţ罣γɿ⣬֮䣬ͽڽͽڵ̬תУά֮ƽ⡣
ͬʱڴĳ£ҲǷɿתţںϵ֮ʱΪ˾
նε𾪡
ϣȴûг׺һԼĶԣڴˣȴָڴˣһЩն
˿״̬ģ׷ʧģҲܿǿ
֪˶ãеĳʧͽҲ±˳̬Ľתһν䶨
Ӵ˿ؼֶһλʥ



1874 
ǡ
սתƺƽûʥ죬Ҳҡ˵ǡ
˽ȴš
ܷɹǵĴǣԴӷһʥȥԵǾʧȥϵʱڣͲ֪չΡ
ôˣСʦܳɹû
ôöûϢ
Ľϻ侲ֻʱţǵҲԽԽ
ʥϵĶε֮鼰磬ǿߣǵһʱܷӦôãûкϵǰ
ĪǡһλţҽǿµĲ²˵
侲
ǣ缸еĴڹעţȴš
ٳٲҲ˾޴Ĳ
ļٵĵȴУͻȻű͵˿һطʴ˽
~һλȵĽĸɫһطȻ˳²ˣͷǳˡ
û˵꣬һѾʧĸһۣҲȺȥ
ͷ⣬ǷĶŮʱڵС
ǧʲô¡нһʲô⣬ĶŮֳ£Լĺΰ
ٶȺε֮죬ת۾͵˷ͷסĿһɨʱʹ࣬屻ѪɫĻ֣ȥΪ
һͷǱӷ˰ˣǣϸһ岻תΪϲЦ
ô£ĸҲһĻãȻ⡣
⣬ѵѪһλԺһѿڶǴϲ
ѪȷʵѪ΢΢ͷЦݡ
ͷɫʹ࣬ǵϢȴѪɫУԽԽǿ󣬷·ų˯ѪѣǴ˵еѪ
ҪѪǲܣͷʵͬûͬʱĵң˵ǣʱ˵Ѫûһ㣬ţҲ˵ʵǿֻһֿܡ
ɹˣʥͬʱ˷ͷѪЦ
ʥϵɷɱ飬Ǻεȴ䣬ȫʵķԾͬνķ
ΪֱϵѪͷߣѪǿлѩŮҲõӦǿ
õȷϣ˶ʱϲ
Ϊʲôϵûľ޴仯
ҲΪԵԵʰɡҲЩ⣬ڷ֪Ҳࡣ

Ե
۾ĿɨĴ˱
ҵ;ûгɹһһʹе罣Ȼƿնһն˴ʥ
¡~
ֲϯԵ·ڿ籩֮Уʱ㸲һֿأĥʱգҲ˶Ȼɫ䡣
ʥȫ֣˷һɫ԰ֽʥǿһѪһԲֱߡ
Ҳ罣ʣն˫һλʥ
˵³Ҳûõȥ׷ߡ
ʥҲӲڷĹ»ͷת۾ߵһɶ
ǱͲһ·ˣοʱķǿĲ˼飬Եǵʵͱ˫޴ֿͷ
̻;ͷʾ󣬷һ̤Ȼع硣
Ļع飬ԭγƽʱʧ⣬Ѹ׳󣬶ѹȴʼά뷽ϵ
磬ҲͬĽ
Ҳ˵绹޾磬ԵʵǴе֮նȴ÷ն
ŷĻع飬ٳδڳ֣鲼Ĵ˾޴Ĳͬʱ鼰硣
µʥˡ
䶯
Ϣûб鴫ı仯ȴһС
Χһлȥڴ֮УѸǿţ·ʵɽ壬ȵ֮ͣʱ֣Լƺߴ߸ϣ硣
羡ǰһܵһ
ʥҰǰͬߵһ΢̾һûǰԴ֮أǻľ粻ȣˣʥҲֻǿ
Ŀ΢Ŀĳͬߴ罣
һնȥ
졣
ڷĽҲǼΪעؾҲֻܸɿš
ͻȻ
á
ۼһļλͻȻɫ䣬һִͷĸоţǺȻ̧ͷһ⻮ʣն
޷һķâ磬ƺն
ǷˡոսӵʥϢ̻ع¶֮ɫ
޷Ŀֲһĵз𣬹½룬ΧҪһȻֲһ·׷׷飬һնķϡ
¡~
һζţر˺ѣ˶³һѪήҵأټ绯ΪһƬ棬ʧԹơ
ͬһĻԪС
Щ׷ɱȴֱڷؾеʥնһԻΪ档
ڷû̫ǨŭǴݻ٣˶˵ǲࡣ
ҲǶǵΪ븶Ĵۡ
شԼ˱ˣЩϢܿʹ˳䶯磬˶ʶһλޱǿʥˡ
ۣ䡣
ڷɽϵõ֮ʼˣʵ顣



1875 ִֻ
۹λͬ졣
ڷعؽԭĸӾ棬һȶзĵ̩ɽ˭Ҳ޷
ãǾٰش䣬أҲ͵ǵƵ۷塣
ֻǺһͬûڴϣԼ硣
ǰǽ֮Ըѡĵ·ȴʥͬͻУԵʥҲʹϣû
û֮һ磬ԷûҲܵ
ȻҲͻͽʱڣʵ½ʥǿҲӵƲɵ
Ͼûڸոս֮ͻڶʥնɱħġ

ǡ
ʲô˵ܾȳʦ𣿡ڣ͵վоǲ˼顣
û뵽󣬾Ȼ˵ôһ޴ľϲ
ΣΪӣȻ޲ýȳǣڶʧܺٲԸ⣬ҲֻĽʵԵٱ̫ϣ
˵ͷֻ˵һİա
ǡ죬ȴֶס
˵նڶԹˣ޷ƿؾڵĳ󣬾ȳˣôߣ͵ԼλСʦܣ֮𣬱繫ϵģն£ǿʥ
ɳ漣
˵пܰ쵽
Ķʱ
Ŀô˵ȻһİգؾȥҲԹȴʧˡ

̽ĹУȴ˳㣬;󣬸𽥿϶ԼĲ²⡣
֮ǳ󣬲ʵ磬ͬҲ֮С
ʥҲԹͻƣȴʧܡ
֣ķǿ֣֮ʵĳȻǼ᲻ɴݣ޿ɺеĳȴҪһȻλ³Ĵڣ޵漰ûʵô롣
ֻأƿĳ
õͻƵ㣬Ҳ֪ڵԴͻƳ
֮ǰϣûп磬ǲ˷Ѿ
ʵʹûп֮ھһʱպǿпٳ
ĿٲüʦȴȲˡ
׼չһʱ䣬ǵתҪʦ֡˵
û⡣ͷ£ҪҪ
һеĻ⡣
Ŀǰǵؽǿߣִ޿ɺǣǣǵѽܡ
Ϊ˾ȳҲǲС
ҪЩǣһڻؾ
ⲻϷǷ̬ȡ
˽䱦Ϊ᲻ϧͷɷȴ⡣
е罣ͻ罣ֻǿŷʵԽԽǿԽܷӳǵʵֻʱ⡣
ʹͽڽ罣ͻ罣Ĵ£ҲڻɳţԶδɳΪһҲ¡
֮֮罣ͻ罣ףĽδޱȹġ
һôϵؽ߸ԲϣӲ

󣬷һ̤Ȼ뿪˵ؽ磬˺ڰա
ҪͻƳ󣬷һҪȥǾǣִֻ̨
ǱزٵĹؼһ
ŷĺΧĻѸٷű仯չţӴֻ̨ڷǰ
һȻֻ̨̤ϡ
ֻ̨飬߳ڷǰ۾һϲɾʥ
Щ
Ҫءûзϻ
ǡҲ£־ʹͨ
ʵ֮ľ޴ֻϵĽչû˺ܾûٻֻ̨
ʱȴ˼İգڳɾʥûмٻֻ̨ǽ󲿷ֵľֻϣϽʥ֮ʱ淨ľ޴Լıչ޲÷ȡ
һ㣬㡭
ʮŲ㡣ߵ۾ԽԽŷӰһʧһ֣ͨһ㿼顣
ʥһܵﶥģƮ֮͵ǫֻ̃
Ʈ֮Ȼͬն
ֻǷ淨֮һһɳֻϵĽͳԽƮ֮Խˡ
ڣ߼ڴĿУӰһεʧ󣬳֮ʱһ̤˵һٲ㡣



1876 
ĳڣһӼɭӳ̲סݳЦݡ
̫ˣֻ̨γ²ɣû뵽ҼþҲʱתʱ򡣡ɭеļǿܲѡ
ֻһͨߣ׷ɱ½֮Уû뵽ǵûž˵ֻ̨ϿɣõĪĺô
۽磬ֻ̨жǿǹпҲȻǳĴڣֻҪԼŬǫֻ̃ϿɣδĳɾͱȻĿѾ뵽ˣԼվ۷壬ŮƵĳ
һȥһҪ׷ɱҵЩˣۡԼǱ׷ɱĲ״һ˿׹⣬ڵʵԱѩޡ
ţĽŲԽԽͻȻһ紵˸䣬оã
ôãҵ뿪Ҫ׷ˡͷһۣͷҲص뿪ˡ
ո˵ĻµŵԺ㽣ûгֹһ㣬ֻ̨һм䣬Ժʧĸɸɾ˿档

Ʈ񾳡
̨֮ϣƮ֮š
꣬ʥ֮ʱ׷ɱ׷նһƮҲ⣬ƮѰ٣ֻصķȴԶûôأһͬնƮ񾳣֮ƻ롣
ֻǾЩ꣬ƮҲǻָ˲٣ȻȲȫʢʱڣȴҲ˼ַٲʢ
Ʈ֮ûбڷؾȴˣٳûϣڷʥʱ򣬶û֣ܳº󣬷նһǰƴԭΡ
ʹޣƮ֮Ҳ֪֪֮Ѿ赲ڣȥҷ鷳Ҫʱ̵ģ鷳Щ궼ûʲôҲƮ֮˿
֪ôˣƮ֮š
йעŷڷɾʥ󣬾͸ǵģϣǫֻ̃
ֻ̨һֱѲѵĳҲ뷽ĸԴ
Ȼˣǫֻ֮̂Ʈ֮Ҳһ˿ңߣԷڵľ磬ֻ̨أ
Ͼؽǰֿɵá
ЩıչأҲΪ
ܵõֻءţƮ֮ͻȻ֣ԼԺйֻ̨ļ䣬糱ˮ㿪ʼȥ
⣬⣬ѵƮ֮ɫͻȻһҶʲôڻǿһ£ôȥͷǸ
ֻ̨ļ䣬ѾȫʧͷԹԵɣҲ£ⷬ仯Ʈ֮ûвκ쳣

Ʈ֮ڷֻ̨̤һٲһֻ̨̣ļ䶼ʧļȡµǣû˲һ仯
ֻ̨
̤һٲ㣬¶һ˿ѵЦݣȻɢֻ̨Ļάתѡż̳ˣֻ̨ˣҲͲҪʲôˡ
¡
оԼֻ̨֮䣬ѪϵָʹֻҪ΢ݣͬʱֻ̨ѶϢҲǺȻӿ뷽Ժ
֮󣬷Żعϡ
ͻȻһ޼Բֻ̨ӿ˲ɨ磬ɨ˸磬ıļ䡣
Ψзһ˲ŲӰ죬Ҳֻֻ̨֪Ĵڡ
ǣֻ֮µֱʡ΢λԤֻ̨֮ĿģҲΪ˱İȫ
Ҳֻ̨֪ڵ˲࣬Ҳû̫ǿˣ򣬽ֻ֮µҲԽһкۼɾֲ˲
ԺҪҪ͸¶ֻ̨ĴڣͿ־ˣ֮ǰĺۼԱ
֮
ֻ֮÷뵽˷ӡؾλشڣȻǲͬһˣͲö֪ˡ
ҡҡͷ΢Ӵޱȵֻ̨ȻСת۾ͱһССɫ׹䣬ֻ̨ǵеĳʵ֮У̬Ͳǹ̶ģ֮ɱ̬
ʮ
ʱˡڣ۾
ֻ̨ڵѶϢǳӴ󣬺ܶԷڵľ磬⣬ʮʱ䣬Ҳֻһ֡
ڷƿֻ̨ȴѾ㹻ˡ
˵˸İãȵ𣬵ȴȲˣܵȵ޵ʱȥˡ
Σ볢ˣһȻӵϢʧ



1877 ʧ
ؾ
Ӱֳǿƥһ֣͸ܴױȵѹؾڣ֮⣬ѾûʲôڣʥڣԴ˵η֮绢ˣҲûʲôӰ졣
ڲǵһˣɵǰȥ
ܷؾλ֮ڣԵʣȴƺ磬ʹҲ޷һִ
ϴε̽ǻƻڵľﶼİ
ûãǰͳסȥ·
󡣡Ŀ΢˷ؾһ򣬶Դͷ˵λãϵĻӦþνİɽĵط
ûгɣȥǲ̲ŷѹ
ԵµĴ󣬲֪ǿ١
ֻǳΧ磬ʧһξһ߼ʣ߲֮֮ǽͳǰ
ʲôȥ޷߲֮ǽնڣΪ֮̾Ϣ
ȻΪڵԼͱնڻǿˣ֮ǰҲԹȫִ߲֮ǽϣȴǺ˷ֺ
Ҫ볬ڲͱͻ߲֮ǽ
ҡҡͷվԭûɫͻȻζȴûзӰȴǻʧ֮С
޺ʵһжѸٵȥȻص߲֮ǽȻţסȥ·ֻǺʵеıȴ˲٣ȥҲһЩ
ԼЩãΨֻ̨ȴʻ
ǳǰܣͿһˡһֻ̨ζţɢһڰ׽֯ĹâڣţٲǰȥԽ߲֮ǽԽԽã·ǲһ㡣
ϷһϲǴûгֹҲֻֻ̨£ϣ
ư߲֮ǽϣȴûּ᲻ɴݵĸо·ǰʯ֮У˹ȥţ塣
Χ߲ǽ壬߲֮ǽڲǰţԽ룬ǽͱԽܣʯ˸ǰԽѡ
ֻ̨ζԽƵڰ׹âŷǰš
֪ǰ˶ԶͻȻǰΪ֮һգȻ䣬Լ֪䣬Ȼ߲֮ǽ˳ڲ
ڽˡ
Ŀȥȴסˡ
ǰģǿͷĴ½
ôܡͫȷؾûĵطǰ½֮ͷؾڵκһ綼Ӧϣԣڽ볬󣬽ĳڡ
ͷȥִ߲֮ǽ߲ʰ쵵գڴ½Ͽա
ǰһУͷԤеģȻͬ
淢ʲô˵ı仯̾Ϣ
˾ͱס˭Ҳ֪ʲô䣬˵ȥô꣬÷ѽ󣬻Լǲǽİ硣
֪ʦǣǲסʥֹһλڳѹ£ҲӦǵϢ
ˣôңɫ
Խֻ̨Ҳļ󣬶ʱڣҲȥ
Ϳô°ɡ΢³Ȼ̤ڴ֮ϡ
½ϣѹȻţΧʱǿԷʵ־֮ܽ
էڲ͸¶Ź죬Ҳ⶯¶Լ
½ϣڶֻ࣬Ƕǻجج޷֮𳬺ĸߣȶ绹Ҫϲ٣Ҳǿ
ţţͻȻɫ΢Ŀ˹ȥֻһĺХһ֧ìգԾ˵ٶȴ̽˿еһͷڣСɽӴľ޲ҽһˤȻ׹ء
һ󻶺һȺƤ׵ˣԶ۶׹صľޡ
ȴסˡ
Щ˵ĴԭʼҲͰˣǺ֮䣬õԣͨõԣϹ
ڷչʱڽϹɬѶʹУˣȵϹͱˣʱգʷ֮С
ûнӴ磬ǰĵԼԣҲϹűʵ
ˣԷ۹⣬һ۾ܿЩɱ޵ˣĹʮԭʼ;ϸĺĹ֮
Щˣ磬ʲô
Ȼһʱ⵹λϹŵĸо



1878 ®
ҡҡͷĵ׷ӵͷѹȥһȻЩɱ޵ǰ
ͻĳ֣Щ˶ʱһ¶䱸֮ɫڷɢЩѹ֮ɫ䣬׷׾ηĹȥ
þţֻһЩ⡣º͵
˵ҪѧʹϹﲢѣ˵и꽻Ϊͨ޷ͨ
Ƭ̺󣬷Ϣʧʱ
ڵصЩ˴˸Щ֣ΪʲôԼ˹ڵϣܿ죬ǾͽһɻԺ󣬴Сеļոڷĳ֣ȫûԺºۼ
ĵطֳ
Щ˿УֵһЩ˽⡣
ϧǵʵ̫ˣʶǲ㣬ڵ綼εˡЩź
ֻȥݷǿߣϣջ񡣡
÷ҵǣռλģ壬ȻǻϹʱڣϲء
˵֪ΪΣ߲֮ǽŹֵ磬϶һ֪⡣Դˣɡ
иŲ²⣬¹ؼڡ
ؾڵΪɱǿ˵ûʲô⣬ȫԽˣǰʥһ򾡣Ϊ֮
΢ʧ

Զǡ
ֵĽͷˣĳδ߹ʱ򣬶ܿλãͺڵĵطһ㡣
ǷԲڣһλǿߵĵ̣ҲǷĿĵء
ʳλǿߵľסŲ˹ȥΪģʱֳ룬չֳĳȴû˸е쳣
Ϲʱڲķ羰ͥŲܿ죬͵Ŀĵأֱ˽ȥԽ䱸ɭϵԷӶ롣
ţû뵽ֹһˡ΢û̽ŷ֣кüˣϢԶˣӦöǿˣ˳Ϣ߽һ֮У߰ˡ
Ŀɨ̿ǵľʵ
ʮطۣ󲿷ֶڷ۳ڻ߷ڣΨ׵λߣǷۺڣǿߣշ鱨ӦҲҪҵˡ
ȻʮطǷжϣϹʱڣԼʵ֡
˶ԷĴ룬ͬδϾôǿ󣬺ͷĲҲ̫ԶǷֲˡ
˲ͬһˣ˴˼䣬Ž䱸͵⣬ǻ೶Ƥһڣһλ׳̲סˣİŭϹЩʲô˵ϻǵʱǺܱģԶӦΪ˽®ɣ
⻰һ˶ʱס죬Լͬ˰ߣ¶֮ɫ
®ԣһȴûжȥ
ûλΪ˽®֮¡Ȼ˵ˣɫһ
֪®꿪һΣԵߵԽ롣
ϴν®ţҵȶڳ˴˻ɵߣ˺ȣʹûһܹ룬ҲϣˣԣΰѴΪͬЭ뽣®߳
ΪͬһǿߣûԸ⿴𣬰Լڽ£˵һɳˣȻҵò˭Ҳõ˼ǹܴɡ
˭ҲΪԼϡ
Ҳ֪ǿͲµ˰ĿĵǣûҪȻˣֵ뷨
ϵЭ֮УҲһ¡
Уȴһ
®֣ûôĶϾܽһֵĵطеǣ®һ޶ĳƺţӰ˿У˰ɽִʣȴ÷ȷǾҪҵĽ®
֪¼Ψһµֻ֣
ɽ®
˵֮ȫ
ﱾǷؾͰɽء
¶ЦݣֻҪ˴һ֣뽣®ļƻͻһЩôţͻȻ֣Լǰһꡣ
㡭ߵ۾ʱɴ˼飬ٿˣҲûõȥ
Ҫ̸֪Ҫ£Χǲ󷨵ģ˵ҲԼĸ֪ȴûоκˣôƾճǰǣƫƫ˲гУͺһֱվʱע⵽
亹Ƕͷ¡
£Ҳֻһ⡣¶һЦ
ԶǣûãӰߵ˿ʵҪ̳ȥ
®⣬һ̲ͣĸ˵еĽ®֮ء



1879 
˵У®֮ȫǻۼ
Է˵Ҫ
֮ǿ淨У淨ѾԶԶԽ˻ļޣ֮Ƶǰδеĳ̶ȡ
ǰõϢУ֪֮㣬Уһ͵ڶڽв¼ֻӰ޺УĲ㴫ʥֹڵǷڣδ֪֮
Էľ磬ܿ϶֮ȷʵ㣬У淨֮һ
ǰ㣬͵õҪΪʥ֮󣬲
ɾ۵ĺպ󣬷ϵʥ죬Ҫȡе֮Ĳ㣬ʧǣʥ첢û֮Ĳ㣬ڵ㣬δš
ûкķţĽȣѾ
ǰ˿ʦɷڵķԣʹһŶԼ淨Ҳʲô£ʹû֮㣬Ҳƶϳ֮룬ƱҪʱ䣬¾ãܵõ֮ԭĦɻἫһ̣÷ĿٳԼĵ·
֮ܶݴ³һڳȴǽ侲
˽ĸĿģΪ˾ȳˡ
ȴָֻ̨ʱ̽һ´˵صܣǽ®ܣҲδɡ
ѯʹߵˣûǿͻأֵĴţ˵˺пܣڴ˽磬߲֮ǽһ硣
硣΢΢һЦ
ߵ˺ôһǿߣǶڵ磬һ֪ġ
ǵ֪У磬ͱΪ硣
ûĸʶԼ֮У߲֮ǽΪ񷣬ڱ磬Ҳ̽ͨ
ϹŴ˵һЩ
ϹŴ˵Уǿ˴˷磬Ϊ˱ʴ֮Ⲽ߲Ļ˵ػΪΨһľһк󣬹Ƿ׷뿪ˣ羭ܻҲģ
Ŀ٣֮νĹҲеǴڣȻⲻһ磬ӦǴָȥġţӦһλڣ˴˽硣
ΪôʲôĿģûʲôͷ
ߵˣԶûнӴܵʸν磬ģҲ൱ʥڹȥ𽥳ɳġ
Щ飬֪ء
뵽üͷ磬ֻϡӦĴڣܶõޣճӦò˺ϵ飬Ųͬĳɵ֮
ЩңԼûһ޼ɵĶԼ򣬺пܾԵСѹƵ£ƿɲá
ϾĴڣаħ
ǿ½®ɡջ
®֮˵®ܽġ
λڽ񾳡
еĵ̻֣ǰģÿһλռݵĵ̣Ծ֮һĵص㣬Ҳǽڡ
⽣񾳣һδ˵
®֮κƿأÿ꿪һΣԵߵԽ뽣®õ컯
һ񣬾ڽ뽣®ͻͽһδ棬Ϊ֮һ
֮ԴΪ磬˽񾳣ռ˽®ֵĵص㣬Ȼ˳̵ǣûбɨ䣬֮Ϊأǲȡŵ̬ȣ˶л뽣®õ컯
Ϊˣһ˳̣ȥҲ
һ޲һͳ
һ£һ뽣®ļ֮ͽڽ®еõ˼ĺô˾޴ɱ¾ǵԳ֣֮նɱŽһˡ
˺󣬶ڽ뽣®ʸҲԽԽ˶ܽ롣
ߣǾûпͨġ
ǿǷԸ
®֮գвǰʵ󽵵ķ˵ҲʮΣգֻ̨ǿֻ̨ʱҲʵ׾ͱʥ
ֻѰİ취ˡЦЦ⡣
ǿҪͨˣôõİ취ǳΪеһԱִֻ̨ķ˵ʲô£һȡ֮ҲԲ
ߵһʶڶ࣬ϵӣͽ¶ΣգΪȡ
ҴǿУеǿʱҲѾĿꡣ



1880 뽣
񾳱ԵΡ׳Ⱥɽ⿴ȥƽƽɽڵȴ˼Ľء
ʱʱģԿɽг˱类иʹΧû˾סż˽ɽҪѰһĿģڶ춼ֳɽ⣬ˣǱ塣
Ժ󣬺ٸҽȥɽ˭֪ǿ߲ӭˡ
һգɽ֮⣬һӰͻȻ֣޵У·Ǵ߳ǰ˵صķ
Ŀ͸ȺɽȻλӵĽͣ΢΢һЦɽ
Ⱥɽ֮䣬ݺᣬλ͵£⵽ڣԽԽǿһ˸ʹȥʹȥҲ̾ԷȻУȴͬͥɢ޴ڵĽ˫ǴڲͬĲϣûκν
ܿ죬һɽ֮ǰɽͬεضֱ̲񷣬ȻΪ
һ̤Ȼٷ嶥һǰ
뽣
⻰һӵ۾͵վԼǰķʱͫ׶ʱ˺ȻȻôû뵽Ϣĳֱ֣ԷԼŷֶԷĴڡ
¾Щ߸ϵ飬ɡ
кȻһţͻΪȻӳ˽һһޱȵĽ⣬ǰδǿնȥ
һ֮Խ򳹵ĨȥȻնλǿϣȴͬʯ󺣣ûκβ
~ӵӰֳȻǻǲϷŹҡ

ˡ΢΢ͷһָ̽Ŀָ㵽ԼĶͷĵȥ
ֻ̨΢΢ζ֮ߴӺ϶ѣƯڴ֮ߵ룬һŹӰţչźӹһ
ִֻ̨󣬷ҪȡһˣҲࡣ
ֻֻ̨𣬻ڻָ֮УҪȡԷĴףҪĶ䣬ȴʮּѣϾһλǿʮطۣԣŻΪԷúʧأܳɹȡ
ԭˡܿ죬ľ˺ӹķ˵ͷȻĹһЩ˽⣬ڲ֪꾡
ҪȡһˣõѡȻԽٵԽá
˲٣ɴٲѰ٣ҪôǺͽ޲ʮǧû®˻ɣʱڣҪҵһʵ˲ס
õѡ񣬾뽣ǧǰĽ񾳣ԹƧӲ˽
ڷҲ֪ԭ򣬲뽣ɷǣڱ׷ɱ
Ĺ£˵ҲȽϹѪһŮû뵽ȴһλ֮ӣԸ˵޷˵ѡ˽ȴŭ˶Է׷ɱˡ
Ůս뽣Ҳսòײӳ졣
޵ǰ񾳣Ҫ뽣®õҲΪˣµ͵Ϊ˲ǣˣǴӲ˽ύ
Ǹ鷳΢΢üû뵽뽣Ĺ
ˣûҲͰˣ˳ְ˰ɡҡҡͷʱޣȥѰһˣֻ͵ʲôν顣

򽣳ǡ
®ֵĵص㣬̶һΧԴӽ®ԭСҲѸ귢չͳһΡǣǿ
ÿ®ŵӣͻø֣ÿһ죬ķǿߵ
ʥ˴սˣҪչ𣿡
ٺ٣®ӣ˭ܴҲҪ
콣һˣ֪ܷ뽣®

򽣳ǱַǷÿһ㹻ǿߵ۷׷ס
ڵţҲԼĹ
֮£û˵Ҵһ֣Ǹ߸ϵרֻʮطһ𣬲Żнʥ߽۵ţһȵģУȥʥ۵֡
һ߲ͨ磬֮ѶϾ޵ǴΪʢڽ®ֺ󣬸ǳΪ缫Ϊǿʢһ
ģ󲿷ֶǽޣҲٲŵģҪͨһ
뽣Ҳˡ
ĵҲһϾҲ㹻ǿߣûκθı䣬ģȴλѪĺӡ
ͬǿߵѰݷãϵ߽ˣȻĳ֣ȴûκǰ£ҲֵˣԹ˾Ӵȴ®š
Ȼ򽣳ѡ࣬ɴʱѾڣڶԷƤӵ£Ըݾߣ뽣ݡ



1881 
޼Ȼˡ
뽣Ǿ޼
򽣳һۡڣһ෢һƴǰԲϣֵơ̵Բ˹ҽ֮Уת۾ͱٻ
ס˴ˣʵǿˣ෢߽ռ
ǴĻ֮ӡ
󣬲Ϊʵǿ󣬸Ϊж֮ޣ֮ͬΪЦһֱӼߵĻ֮ܽܣԳ֣׷ɱǶԹŮҪǴңԽͷ⡣
Ȼ׷ɱ£޼ս˳ȥ
ʲĳ෢̽ã֪޼ӵ˽񾳣ǡ꽣®ţǰҪѩޡ
޼ǣĲΪˡ෢
ʹ֮Ҳżֻ֮ȥǡ
Լ;޼ǲݣ˴˼޲ܻ⣬޼֮ߣʵ亱׷ɱ£ȻͻƣӲɱһѪ·
öԷ˽®õ롣
ҲǱǰ񾳵ԭ
ҪҪ˵壬֪񣬾㲻ǽ޼ҲǲŲʡһվŵߣͻȻڡ
ûõġ෢ҡҡͷ
һǿ󣬻Ҫĸ׻֮ϣڱ˵ĵϣƶԷĹ򣬸޴֮֮ӣҲкý
취ͨˣ޼˽®ãʱɱһˣҲɵ෢˾

®֮գת۵
һգһβȻɨԲ򽣳ڣ͵۾
һ˿ߴն䣬·ٵһ㣬ųصĹâ˺˲񷣬䡣
ˡ
˽®ȴɼ
ﲻ磬޷㣬λߴ硣
ͬģ飬Ҳĳɵͬܵߴʥӽ硣
ѹ֣Ǹ߸ϵ飬Ҳ޷ƿؽ®ֻܱĵ֡
Ž®ĳ֣򽣳Ƕɧһǿߴӳڿն𣬷ҲƵĸ®ڵء
һҲʧԭء
®ֵĵص㲻һ̶Χڣÿν®ĳ֣ŵĻ𽣹⣬ὫԲڻΪ촷ۣˣû˸ڽ®ֵܳĵطȴڰȫ򽣳ڡ
˳֮Уֵһ㶼ۣͻȻһȵϣâڱ
ţɫ΢˳Ŀȥĳ෢ꡣ
֮ӣü뽣Ƕȡļ䣬ϳ˶Է뽣ɱ֮ĴС
鷳ȻˣȻԤϣ̲סü
ô붼֪Էܷ뽣®Խ޵֪֮ʹԷ֪뽣ڽ񾳣Ҳǰ
~෢ſڣ뷽У˿⡣
⣬ûбƣĿջأٿ֮һۡ
΢΢ҡͷԼ鷳ԷԼҲ⣬˳ְ뽣
ûã˾͵˽®ڵء
®ĿȥֻԲ֮ڣһѰѳ·֣֮ڽֵģһľӵССͥԺ
Ǵ˵еĽ®
˵ĺ˫ĿŹ⣬ǵ֮ء
ˣ˳볡һĮͻȻ
ǽĴӡ
һӹذɣȻ˽ӣлԵ뽣®Ҳûȫ뿪
ڳˣϤ˹
Ž®ĲϳӦĹҲԽԽǰҲͼɻأֱӴȥҲҵĽ˽®֮ڣȻӽ®ʱͱһն䣬ڷԲ뽣ΪУعΪá
һǿߣôļ٣Ҳòʵųɶӣڼӵ£볡
û֮ˣΪͨˣҲǷҪȡݵԭ
뽣ӿ۷˵ͷԣȥɡ
ûʲôȻͨ뽣Ҳ֮ˣҲһ
һӣʮط۵ʵȻԿ͸αװ
Ŀ΢ɲԶƽܸӦӴ֣֮飬ϡƽһб䣬̾ͻѹ
֮󣬻Ҫνľһľǰ¶ģҲᱻ
Է˵һغѹģˣûг⣬Ĺؿ޷߸Ҳֲʲô쳣



1882 
ͨ˵ģ֮࣬˶棬ÿ
о൱ʮطۣԶǵǼҲ档
⻹ǽޣҲн޶ˣǿɴ˿ɼһߣҲ⣬ļ֮ߣҪԪ֮ϣܵڶǿҲ֮У޷ǿߵҪϼ
µˣе뿪еߺޡģڴŽ®ķ
ûһʵ뽣®ǷԲĽ֣֮أҲѹûл뽣®ֻϣܹĦڶǿߴصḶ́Լַ֮ʱİ壬ϣ
Ҳһλ׿ˣʵã˽®ȴۿ˶״̬ͻͽʵ֮죬ҪЩ뽣®֮ϣȻûܳΪ飬ȴҲ֮ǿ֮һΪһμѻ
ҲΪÿν®ţַǷûʸ뽣®ˡ
λɳһ
һλֺĴ󺺳Цһ಻ס飬Խڶ｣֮ڡ
~
ĿԵһȻ𶯣һϢĽ⣬ն˴ˡ
һ֮˿ʮطһԻɽӣȻ⽣Լ˫ѹ֮£ȴûжƻâڲأֻԹ߸е·𱻵١
һХгһѴ󽣣ݺն˽֮ϣ͵һȴûкˣӲĵǰһնĽ⵲סת۾ͽ˽
ԽĽҲԽԽǿԽԽ࣬󺺣Ҳçײ
һܿɽ̾š
һصĴ󺺣ȻǷ֮Ž֮ǿߣڳУҲǰС
ĿתĿţҪӽֵķҳɡ
ÿν®֣ΧĽַжصĹҲֻЩʵǿᣬԼ֮ˣŻǿʵһģµĹ򣬲Ÿڣʵ飬ðװ
֣Ե˶УҲܻԮ֣ԵĽ⣬ǰҪǿܶ࣬˵ײΰ룬ôҲһϣʵһصĿܡ
ԶǵЩˣǺߡ
򽣳в˻Ԯ֣ҲΪ˴ʱ
ȻҪ˰æ뽣ʵҲǿ֮ԸƧҲ֡
˽뽣֣Ҳ̤ǰ˽֡
ΣķʱпɥĽ֣ڷȴ棬ûκΣգºֵýնϣҲ˺ֺĿ֮£Ҳֵ̫
ڽϻӶţһ⡣
｣֣УڣģڵǹľͥԺǰ
һģ⣬޲Ǻպǿߡ
뽣û뵽صô
Ȼ֮ǿƺûȫ˹Ŀ࿴
Թ۵޲𾪡
뽣ԸƧкֻ֪ǿȴҲûϵ֮ǿЩպյǿߣƺ㲻
û˵𾪣һͽͥԺ֮ڡ
ͥԺǽ®Ȼ®⣬ͥԺֻҪ˶ܽǺĵĽ®ȴҪȵʮ֮ŻῪţҲ˶ܽ
®ŲһΣЩҲΪ֪ȻҲ⡣
濴ȥͥԺСʮ˾ͺӵǽ棬Żֱᷢж죬ټͥԺһ޴Ĺ㳡ǧҲڻ¡
һһľһһΣ̺Ľܴ֮һЩò
Ƕʮطµ˵ʮطۣЧʮˡ
ˣȽˣĴĦ⣬󲿷˶ѡһطȴŽ®š
ĵһĹעҲ˾ת۾ͻָƽ
ܽͥԺʹǿʵûԸˡ
Ŀһɨ˸ƫƧ䣬ȴ
۹⣬̾Ϳ˴˵صʵҲ֪®ػǿ֮ƿģҺпܻᴥƣߴȴ֮գҪǽ®ôױƿͱ˵صռˡ
һһǿߣеǵҲеǻæƽУҲеǱ֮
ûпԶǼˣˣҲͨ֡
Ӱһм˽ͥԺǻ֮Ӻļ£ǲǽޣصѶȸȴ˽ɼʵ֮ǿԼɱ֮
֮ӽĿɨˣ̾˷ûκԥиűͲпᣬ˹



1883 ®֮
֮ӣʲô
֮ӵ˵춯˵ע⣬׷ͶĿ⡣
ǿ֮ӵ˵Ŀ꣬ȻǷʱɶͷԣϾǶ뽣˽̫٣Ĺ
ѵ˵֮Ӻ뽣г𣿡
˵֮Ӻͽ޺޹ȻĪ®ǳ뽣ġ
ɻ˻ȻҲ˵ſϷĿ
֮ӵǿӹɣߵļˣ޲ǻµǿߣʵˣ뽣ʵҲԶǵĶ֡
֮־ڽ®Ļ˵ĸҶ֮֡ӵɱڵӣҲ̲סɫ䡣
®֮ڣ֡
ǽûɣ˳֣ԭ򣬾֡
Ҷߣڽ®֮գǵȥᱻ룬һ⣬ˣҲγ˹չǳŽ®ģĿʧȥǧѷĻᣬʹٴĳԹҲǿס뿪
֮ӶԽ®ûȤĻδҶ֡
򽣳йǲҶ֣ȴ޽ɡ
飬ǲ뽣®ġ
ҲѪĽѵ
ʷϣһλ˽®档
뽣ˡ˶ǰҡͷͬ飬ȴûվ
뽣Եһ棬һҲǲ֦ʧ˽뽣®Ļᡣ

޼ӰбӰ֮ߵǰſͲпᡣ
ԼĪˣ֮ʹ֮뿴Է¶־ͲʣȻʲôûԷƽޱȣĻǳţǸû
ɵ𣿡֮Ӿ죬ΪԼ˵ʵ˫Ĳε֮ûκĻᡣ
ˣαһ֮ˆ£ɱϴԼĳ裬ôţ֮ҲٷϻĮľ֡

һƽУ֮͵صɴ۾Ϳһ⣬ǰġ뽣Ϸӳ뷴ȴǰԼ·ɪɪͯ
㡭еĿ־廹ûи𣬾š
Ŀ£һնǰĻ֮ӵˣûκηֱӻ촷ۣȫʬ
һľţͥԺ˲·˱㡣
˶Ŀŷ·ڿһײеĴħͷ
ǿǻ֮Լλͬǿ߰ڷǰһǻҷ
ʵȫǵ֮ϡ
ġɫƽնɱ֮ӵˣ˵ǲѴ֮Ҳûʲôɣ͵ǽһݵĳͰɡ
Ŀɨû˸뷽ӣ׷ƿߣΨַԴ󷢣ǿ
ǽ®ջ̫ǿǰͥԺˡ
ҡҡͷصԭأȴš
ûдɱ˼Ҳǽ侲ΧȴǿտһȦû˸ҿ
ûע⵽ֻ̨ζţģϵľʧǰһĻԺǴûгֹһ㣬ǶԷη壬ǲС
ֻ̨𣬿ҪӰ쵽һȺʮطۣѶȻǲ
ʱţܿ죬ʮ͹ȥˡ
һգͥԺڵҲǼĿȵĿŽ®Ĵš
ϢģŻš
ڿˡһλʮط۴ЦȲľͳ®Ȼڼǵżʱȴײһ¼᲻ɴݵǽϣ޷ţҽһ˱ӳͥԺʧȥ˽ʸ
˲Ϊ⣬ÿν®Ŷ֡
һһ˴ţе˳Ľ룬ʧҲеʧܣͳͥԺ
ʮ棬δһ˽롣
ǰȥһͿ˴ţ˽®ǳ˳
˶¶Ľ֮ɫǵļ䶼ˣʱ͸ֲŶԣ®Ĺڷϣƺá
ź󣬷һããĿռΧһеĽ®ྶͥȻϣȴûʲô֮ɫ
ɡ
£һӰȻڷǰһ£òӵӡ
®֮飿
ʥˡӹ˵ʥǴ˽飬Ȼϳ˷ݡ
˵ͷ⣬®Ĵڣ뵽ֻ̨֮
ֻ̨άֻ̨תѡźϸĴˣֱƿزʹɢ
®ͬҲѭһĹתͬĴά֣Ҳ֡
ɱ֮ӵˣǷ̽ϾΥ˽®Ĺ򣬿ǣǺ谭˽˵ԷĴڡ
ҲãܹĶ󣬷¶һ˿ϲɫкܶ⣬ҪѯʶԷ



1884 ֮
ֻ̨ʥҴĻҲܾԷֻ̨ĳԶȽ®Σ®ֻһط֡
۲ӣ
Ƿ֪ģĪĽ磬ˣǶһ֪ڰȫǣûнӴ顣
شˣ磬Ƿؾڵһ硣ӻش
΢΢ͷҲԤϣûб͵ԶĵطȻڷؾ棬ڴӦǱԵʡ
ǲǶˣʡ
ҡҡͷĴڣ磬֪Ȼģž˵ܡ
ԣ˿ô˵ĻӦǱڱˣѹָӦǵĴڡ
ڣȻ磬÷ЩԾɼλڣǺεȵͨ
ڣģ⣬Ͼ缶֮ߣҪʮ󶥼֮ϣңڶڣԶԶһܱȵģʹ磬Ҳġ
Ϊʲôһ󣬾͵磬磬ö֪ʲӣҲǻشȻ֪ʶ롣
ðɡԹһ⣬Ųӣô֪
֪ҲǺܶҪ֪¡
¶ã֮ɫҲ֪ҸӦ˵Ҳ޷жϡ
üͷ
ǽ®֮飬ǻĻ֪ĺޣǰȻǶ®ҲǱľ»ˣҲӰ쵽®ת
ΪǱڽ®ڽ®㹻Ϣڿˡ
Ȼ°ɽ®⼸ָ֣ǰΪû¸Ϣü
ӦˣǣǶһڤڤе𡣡ӻش
⵹Ǻһ
ҪĥۼģҲͬĴڣҲ֪Է˭кĿġ
ȥ򣬲֪֮١
ֻ֪˷ؾ֮УȻ治֪꣬ڱ˽®˴У󣬾뿪ˣ֪١
ڻΪʲôؾôͨĳ󣬽磬ô뿪ģûгɹ󣬲һ֪
ļ鲻ģӦǹɽۼΪܱһЩ䣬Ҳ®Եʡ
ԺлĻһŪ䡣˳ŵ֮ҲӦ֮⡣
лˡӸм
ˣҪ֪⣬Ҳһ֮ȫ
ǣȷʵڽ®Уȫ֮Ҳ˴ǿ淨ӴżԺ
ֻҪõĵ伮ף뿴˵ţһĨΧããĿռȻһÿһ棬һ̺ǿ鼮֣Ȼǽ®ء
ţĿ΢һӾʹ͸˹ֻһ鼮棬ŻƣҪʴ鼮ڲ֮ȴֵ
ʣҪ鼮ݣȾҪȥĻǿҲʮط۵ļ
ѹڽ®еˡ˼Ҫ®УµĹҪһĴۺͷյġ
ڣ֮
òѣĿꡣ
ֻһӴĹѹסеĹԣڹڣǿʱ޿̶ھײţһй¶ɱκһʮطۣǸӦ˷ߣȻ飬ɢֲ׵ŷңңɱ
~΢һɴ飬Ҳ΢΢һ
⾹ȻʥĹңĿע˷Ӧѹ֣н档
ǹҪĥۼ棬˴˶Է򣬾󲿷֮еˣ鼮һЩ
ңҲΪ󲿷ڽ®ߣҪٵ֮汾֮
Сģвٴ˽Ҫ۶֮ȴش䡣ѡ
ȷʵǿ󡣡΢΢һЦѲҡ



1885 ĥ
Ǻˣѹۡ
磬ܵѹƣԶʱǿᣬǣ֮ϵҲ١
һֻ̽˹Ӵ۳
ԱߵĲӻһƺ˷ްθߣ˳쳹صľˡ
һ̣ڽչֳԼǰСС档
ԷΪģˮкذϯݺᣬ޼᲻ݵķ籩ΧһУʱա
Ӧв֮ϵԼͬķ˱仯
𡣡
һһͷı۵Ŀֲħ񣬽Ųȴأͷգ𺳲ŭֱֻУֱİедǹȣÿһɢֲ
һҡһ䣬Ϊһ׹Ƶ飬ͬͷıۣͬǣŵģ̬İѳתء
Լͬһִͣŷɱ˹
ǺУܵĽ籩ʱ΢ƺתۼͻᱻǷ顣
ɫŲæ
𡣡
ڽԸһ֣ǿʱֳ籩ƶʱǽֵķΧ̱
ǣȴǲ
ô׶ԸҲͲ֮޿κΣˡ
罣ͻ罣Ⱥӷܸİѳתţγ˽
ħ飬ȻɱǰеŽ籩ƴȥҪ֮ķķ顣
İѳͬ˽ǿĳ󣬶ħеʱ޿̶ڱ䶯ţǧ򻯣֮ǿ֮ϡ
ǵĹ׾ɢ˽籩ΧȻûǸһ罣ʹӷ𣬽籩ʱϯصĿֲ쫷磬޷ǽϯ˽ȵ罣𡭡
~
ȥ綼⣬޴ڣﲻߣѹסϯڣĥš
һԣѾɵۡ
жϳʥʵ˺εȳ̶ȣǿģһ֣Ī
ڴˣҲѹţо
˿ǻŽ֮ƣԶʤһʥ
ľģǷĽó֮ҲβߣȻȻӳ޷˫ĶԿУֵ쾡¡
ǣšӳһ뷽ĥõ֮ȫֻʣʱ⣬һ֮ȡߣҲ˴롣

棬֮ʱ®ΧҲ䡣
®΢΢ţԲĽ֣һѰѳǾҲţڷ
˫֮ǿǽ®Ҳ޷ȫѹƣйҲ˲
ʲô
Զһ޴Ĺڣͣ˽̸龪㵵˽®ķһλȥʮӣĿ⿪ؼ䣬ݺᡣ
棬ҲǷ׷¶Ȼ
Ƕû뵽һεĽ®ţȻ顣
ֶЩСһŪġվȻԽ®ǳ˽⣬ҲĶ¸֡
ҵȣǱ˽ȥһλɫЩѿΧѩƮ裬һıѩ뽣Ǻѡ
ȻƤӵ£ڴǵ
һ飬â֣ǵ
ô®ߣɱ⡣ĮȻ
һְ𣬾ά®⴫֮أܵƻ
~
һ̤Ȼ˽®Χٶȷɿ죬ǽֱ®ȥ
ŵ;ˡ
®״Ѿǲ֪룬˭֪Ȼв˵Ĵ·
ˣ뿪ĵɫ䣬ǽӵĴɢȺ
ʣ飬Զܴˡ
ʱ󲿷˶Ƿɿ룬żЩ˲֪ģҲûǡ
®ʱ棬ĶҲӽβϯ£֧Ųס׷ײҽһĥ
Ļδ֪ˣҲģû˿
֮̾ϵĥ汾ҲǸڷǰֿɵá
ļۣķ򣬳Ž®֮ЦЦ֪ģڴ˽˵ɡ



1886 ľ
ڴ˽Ƿǳ档
ȻΪ˲ݾߣûнӴ飬֮ǰˣʵҲԶԶ漰֮أˣûʲôͷ
®֮ȴ֪ж꣬ǻµģп֪
ǣˡ®֮鹧Ĵ룬ҲǲɫзڴˣΣʱ̣ܶߴʲôΣա
ĳ֮ͬ磬ҲϡӦĴڣ֮ˣʹõģĳ񷨣մ˽˵˵Ԫա®֮˵
Ԫգɫ΢
ĺĴĥӡǣҲ˳֮Ϊλ
ҪΪ飬ͱӵλ
λޣĴӡǵģ֮٣ָһǾ춯صĴŽ񣬴󲿷ˣѡ̳µλɾ顣
ˣŻһһͱѩȡ
˵ͷڸ֪Щʱͺˣ磬ÿһλʥǶһ޶ģһݣⲻԼٵ·Ǽ̳е·
Ҫ̳λͱ֮ϣԣ˳ɾѶȣҪʥ򵥲٣ͬһг֣˼Ѽ̳С
ɫһ
Ľ񡭡
ǵúĵһλ񣬾Ǵӽ®ͻͽճΪ飬ĽҲ®˵ͬһԨԴ
˲µû֮λµӡǡ®֮ü
֮ǰ޽
ǽ񣬵ȴĺĴԼӡǣӴ˶һ顣
˲𡣡̾λ֮ʥûִƽȴΪ紴飬ɼ֮
֮ǰصĵطǲǾĺģʵ
ǣΧ®֪֮˼ң޷ǰ˲ܴ˽ȥҲǿźͽλϵǿǡ
ܽŽ®һռܣЩźȴ֮С
ˮǳصܷͬСɡ
ĴڣͿɼһߡ
ܷܲ³ЩȻźܴƣһ뿪磬Ӧû̳ʵˣҲǾ֮
ֻҪ磬ǾǸ߸ϵ飬ʥ١
ʥôģת֮Ϻʥĳ֡
ѵ˵ĺĴŲĴڣľ
Ǻεȴڣ磬һԴͷ
ţĴڣҲѹ֣Ŀֲֻᱻ˷ӡء
~
ڷҪ׷ʸϸʱͻȻǿ֮Ȼ룬ڴ˽
ͽ®֮ĽƻʵϺܿ죬˲ѭ̽룬ҲЩ鷳ԣڲŵ
ǿλӿ뷽ҽš
˭
ĮϣҲǲɳ𾪡
ΪǵжԵ飬Ȼ˽®ҪƻǣԺ󣬲ŷ֣Է顣
֮䣬λӦ
ǰӸ飬ɢȴ˿ǣβ𺧡
ѩ͹Ҳ𾪡
𣿡Ŀɨˣǻټģڣʱ򡣡
û˷ʵĻᣬĽֱӳ֣֮ʩչ
ֲ׵ɨȫ˷̳˳ޣ®֮鿪ٵռ䣬Ȼ顣
档
ɿȻֹǻعͷַԲޱ߽֣ͻȻһһͶ˽®ڵأţ𣬹ЮŽ®ֱת۾ͽߴҲӦ
®ʧˣ˴
Ǵδ£Ҫ֪®ŸտţԶûرյʱ
뽣®ˣȫ˦˳˶һͷˮ㲻Ǵ󲿷ֶڸĹؼʱ̣ȴӲĴϣֿ®ʧﰴסǣڿǰ߸ϵĴڣɢ˴ѹǼʹٴʣҲֻ
񡢱ѩ͹վڽ®ԭַɫѿ
®ųޣһ̫࣬ͻἤԱ򣬻عߴ
һ㣬Ȼ֣˽®ĳޣ˶˦˳ʱ̣ޣϢ뿪⧲£˸Ӧܲˡ
ǻعȻʧ١



1887 
мУӰֳ߳ȻΧȴӶֱпȥǷһ㡣
ӽƤӵ
ôĿĵţг
еĿѾɣõ֮ȫͬʱҲ˽⵽أԼѶϢ˵С
ǣûǣԼĸԭȵˡ
Ŀֻ̨ɨж׻ָʱ䣬Ļȫڵ޵֮ǰָ÷ĳ뿪
ǣ뿪֮󣬾һҵʦǣ
üͷ塣
ڡ
Ѿ֪ˣڣ磬˭Ҳ޷֤뿪󣬾ܽ˱磬ԽļѣƱػ˷Ѵʱ䣬ȵ𣬵ȴС
ңľ˷һЩС
Ȼ®֪֮Ĳ࣬Ǵ͸¶ѶϢУһЩõƲ⡣
֪ô磬ǣҪȥȻѡļУ߲ĻʼŴأδʧҪ뿪봩߲Ļ
ʵǿҲǿдԽ
У˽®˴Уӡǣ˽һλȻ뿪֪ȥ
ǻľ
λţû£Ȼǹؼڡ
ӡǵĻᣬлһܣͬʱҵ뿪ĽݾлǰڣʧΪһ֮ߡ
·ͨҲֻ̨Ϊ·
УС
ӡǣΪʱţĥȫɢΨк˼̳λŻȹһļ̳кͷ󣬽λȹ̣Ϊеһɡ
򣬻ֺαضһٵ½®ء
®һĴںʱվãûǸʱ䣬бѡ
뵽Ҳ˾ϡ

һºһС
ţ
Ųͻ΢٣һ䣬һСؤŴ۾Ŀ
¶Цݡ
ҪУͱкʵĵӣĹУҪԷΪţֱ淨Ϊġ
У֮ǽ޵ķţ뽣һϵųͻΪȡطǵ޵ķţӦ߲ĴڣˣһϵҲǲͨ
ȥʺ´еģҲֻֻһϵˣãϵУûӦλõѡ
һߣתֻеķţûܿΨ츳Ե־㱸ˣܿ
û뵽ôջ
СһԸ𣿡ߵСؤǰº͵
Сؤգգ۾ԥĵ˵ͷ
һͨͨСؤ¿ϣȴ׽Ϣ
߰ɡûͣСؤæϡ
˶ǵȥȴûκηӦ
֪ʱȥˡ
뿪˽Ѿ֪ԶߵˣȻֻСؤһˣһ·ϣҲв˿˷
ǣԸŷߵģһ붼ûУϾ˶һУİߵġ
ʣ¸ŷ뿪ˣȴҲûֶãܿͺˣҪؼңҲΪѣһƣͽͻԭأһļ䣬ȫ
գֻСؤһ˼ŷߵ
ѡӣԼı׼츳Եֺȱһɣȱġ
ɡ
Զ˽񾳣ҲԶκһĵ̣ĵشҪɣλȻҪžĸš
ǰһɽǷ羰ʤأҲɽ󴨣ͨͨɽ

˵Ĵɽһλˣ̳޳֮
ģôõĻᣬһҪȥԡ
ʲôˣͨ²ƭ˰ɣ޳֮ôõˡ
ڷϢһʮʮ٣Χ򴫲ţ˴ϲ̸ɽҲ֮ԱǣΪƭ֡
ĵش֮ѷĻᣬû˿ϷŹ
ҲΪ̬ǰҲйƭðˣǮƣò˼
ţҲ˲š
ǳź̬ȣڷϢʼնţ𽥷͡
ڷһγ֣ѹһλµǿߺ󣬾ͳױȻ󲨣ԽԽ˿ʼţиڴɽɣѡˣ˷ӵͨµģȴ޼



1888 
ɽ
˵ʦܣǵɽҲ̫ͨ˰ɣûЩŴɵķ⣬һЩСҪסĻ
ǰҪʦʵͨ죬еõ洫Ҳ߳ȥ˶ֱͦ
λûõĵ˽Ƕǳ󣬴С˽ʳҲɷǷڼɽľż
ûиûʵĹûй۷壬ûиŴɵĹ⾰ɽƽƽ棬Сľݼʮ䣬˵Ĵɽ¶ûš
ʦˡͻȻһƳӰɫ΢䣬ʱ͡
һҲǻæס졣
ǺòװɽΪģסĵط⣬ҲֻǱԹһ£Ҫ뿪϶ǲԸ
ʯ˹Ǳ뿪ӣ΢΢ҡͷ
˵ĻᣬҲν̲ˣס뿪ǣû˻
䷱һհˣǴɽα׷Щҡҡͷʯ˿ȥ
տʼʱҲʦȫûоӪһɵ˼ûл˼ڴɽϣǣĲϾޣйֻأȴʯ
֪ʦ᲻ء
̧ͷۣչصλãʯ첽˹ȥ
ڴɽ㣬Ѿȥ˼ʮ꣬տʼʱ򣬷˲ʱָУģʼϱչأչصʱҲԽԽһαչأʮ֮ãȻûнļ
ңʯʴӱֻϸż츳ǰ淽ָ㣬͹ˣŵĵӣЩһյͽܣղˣ涼û
ʯǵСؤͳӣǷĴӣҲɽΪߵˡ
ÿһ죬ʯǰչشȻ󷵻סޣҲ⡣
ʦ𣿡ʯ־ϲסŶæ˽ȥ˸ϵķ
ÿοʯвͬĸܣֻоʦϵѹԽԽأ·߸ϵДҲǺôֵԭ֮һ˳ܲס¶ѹ
ȻһΣٿʯȴ֣ϵѹʧ·һͨˣƺص˵֮ʱ
豹棿ʯԺһͷ
ˡ΢΢һЦ
Щ굹ˣʯӽǴɽţֲ͸ĵôɽãͻһط⡣
УǺҲһ㡣ָһһâʯԺ
ֻص֮ȫʺ磬ˣЩ﷽ҲǲϵȻơ
òʯģԽԽԾƺڽ¡
ʦ㡭㡭ôˣǲĲáʯУʦ縸Ĵڣȴ˲ĸо
޲ɢ֮ϯ޲꡵ĻӦûм֮ա
ʱˡ
ʮʱ䣬Է˵㹻
Ѿ˺ܴİգĴӡǣλ
˵Ļ¸ʮʱ̫̣ʹǷҲܡ
ǣнݾ
֮֮ǻ߳ɾͣڲʱ򣬷Ӧ˽֮λĴڡ
λĴڣһϵľڣҲ۷ɾ͡
һϵˣ׼̳λΪߵ伮ʱλ
λǻԽϵܽȻ֮Ҫ֮һ
ϧǣ޷֮ûԣΪܹУûڽλӡ֮ľ衣
˲ɷܣ֮ǱȽλλĴڣŷĲ룬Ҳ𽥸ӦͬԴĽ֮λ
ܽˣ̳лὣλǣȴܽű˴˼Ĺ̽ĺģ˽ıʣǡǡǴλѵ㣬ˣڶ̶ʮ˴λİա
ˣʯ̳ŵ󣬷˶ߡ
պһ翵ĹڴɽȻֱߴ
ʦ뿪ˡʯȻǹ˶ãΪӦˣߴĹŷϢϵ
µλɾߵʯҲ֮޵ĹΪָǰķ
𶯣綯
λһ̣綼䣬߸ϵڶ飬ǻ
̧ͷȥֻһž޴ǳȽȽųҫ۵Ĺâڹâҫ糤ʮʮҹ֮󣬲ŻȥҲۿ
Ψк˼̳λʱ֮ܽ»ѣҫ硣



1889 
𶯡
˭
ǺˣȻλ
´󻩣Ǹ߸ϵ񣬸𶯲ѣͿλкܴģǵļʶȻֱĳ
ߴ𶯣Զǰߴ󣬱Ͼ̳һλɾ飬ѶҪСĶ࣬λԹָÿγ֣Ĵ𣬵µϵеϵ
ɳ֣̽ϢҪҳϵ˿
鵮֮ǰһϵɻüʵû˻Ļᡣ
ֻǣ磬ɽۣʯ֪أɻΪ㣬ǵǱڣȵ鵮ʱ򣬲Ƿ֮ʱ
һ񣬾ҳһĿ꣬ȴûһϵġ
δϵҲδ֣ҪӴҵԷǴ롣
ѵǣˣ
󲿷ȴһݣ뵽йӴķ
®֮ǲûб¹뽣Ҳҵȴûʲôô뽣һ֪Ѷͷ·ûдڹһ㡣
Σ𶯹󣬽ģҲǻָƽֱµճҫ磬һвų䶨

󣬷λþѸٰθߣտʼܿΧģȴ޷ŲΧҲƺԶ岻ͷ
ŷײĺĴٳµλ
ײḶ́ǻģλͬʱİأת͹ȵȣѸ뷽Ժա
Χɢ
λٵһ̣·ٵذ㣬һж
Լվߴ·Ӵޱߵ磬ĿͶȥܿκһ䣬ֻҪһͷܵκһ
״̬Ұʥӽ磬ֻǣֻпλһ̣ܽ룬ʱȴܰ쵽
Ŀ⳯Զȥˣ֮⣬һСԶ绺ֳ
ǳģվߴܸͬ硣
ʦ𣿡ס˼Զһ磬ҲӴޱȣȻȲ磬֮ҲǰУǸڣӦ˵ϤϢû´Ļ˾ͱ
μסǸλá
ײ˽İڣѾ˽İ취
Ϊ߲񷣬磬磬ͬκһ硣
Ǹ磬סˡ
ûհعǿдԽ͵شԽ󣬶ǰ硣
ţ
ָӦˣһӴϤϢȴԶ磬ڵҲԿ塣
״̬Գ־ãûоᣬסǸķλ̧ͷȥ
ֻͷһ־޴ǿУب
ģռصĵطȻ罣®֮˵޷ִ·ڵ״̬Ҳ޷Կ͸
ܸӦ®λãλǿеıԵ
ϧˣﵽľ֮ա̾Ϣû̫ʱȥĥΪΧѾʼģȻ״̬ϾҪʧ
ҵ׼û뿪磬ǰ˱磬ͻȻһɼӿ⧲£ɼͶȥȵƽϢԼһڡ
ƣɽˮԶبһﻷţȥһˮأȻ̷˲֮ڣ
ؿռѹ֮Զ
ȿȣСһ֮ˡһһų׺ӵŹ˹

ʲô춯صĳСһҪţֻʥµСطһѣֻзˣʸ˵ء΢Ц˵
ʥµģ΢ѹѹ֮󣬼Ҳ޷
;
û˵ƵĵطŪأλڣұ֮˲ܽ룬һǻ֪ȻǼ侪˵ܡ
ʲôѣ
ǺǣһЩĩءߵ
ĩüͷ΢壬֪һԼӵʮ󶥼磬Ҳ⣬ֻǣߵԶһĴҪ
ֻǣ˵أԲֹڴˡ
ѵ˵ǹĩ
˥֮գҲ⣬ﶼ˥һ죬ֻǣ˥ʱ䣬Զ
Ȼûͣ£˵ȥ
Ҫ˵ģĩֹ磬޾Լ߲ȵȣһ֪δ֪硣
ʲô
ͷ



1890 
һ֪δ֪ĩ
𺳡
Ϊĩû뵽߿еģȻһ磬ҲԶԶ˷ķ룬֮㣬ںޱߵ޾ǲ׺һڣ˵δ֪ˡ
һ£㣬ԣʥô֪ģ֮󣬷ҲϷӦ˹ɡ
Ҫ֪һĩ硣
˵ģĩû˵壬˭Ҳ֪ж೤Ҳû֪ڴһ׶ʱڣǰ˶Է֣һɣΪ۷ʱڣЩںȫܹ
ʥǿ죬֪ĩҲͰˣȴһĩȥˣǷ˼
û֪޾жҲ֪ж磬ǿ顣
Ԥһĩǲ̫ĵˣ
ԷĻɣߺ⣬ʵϣҪֱǲǹ¡
ʥǣȻԼɡߵǵóһ۵ģȴ
˵ţָ㣬ʱһӰǰֳ

ӰеĴڣһ
ֻһ쳹أͷҲĹʯţᴩز񷡣
Ĵ磬ʯš
ڶǰȥҲõֻ֮ĴУͺٹעǱˣȵɾʥߴ۶磬˼ط⣬һһ֮¾ܵ
ĴʯţǼط֮һ
޷۶ã޷ִʥӽһڵĿն
ʱҲû⣬Ȼ˿жʱȻ
ʯŵоݵʱڣԭʥҲû뵽緶ΧڣȻĴڣȷʱѾˡⳬĴڣûܷģʥǾоյóһŵĽۣĩ߻
һĴڣˣҲûʲôǳš
ʥƲ⣬ʯţһԴͷҲһյ㣬һﵮҲ𣬵ٶȿ֮գʱᵹһҲع鵽Դͷ
ӵһֻء
֮ܵóۣΪϸֻأϸֻأֻǰĳڣµ˿
ЩۼһֱʥĨˣΪΣ̫һҲмٲ֣
˵ؾ𣿡Ц
ֻ֮֮ʱҲ˵ƵĻ
ؾˣΪʱףʥǻϸֻصĳڣ޽ӽ㲻ߵ
һʯţȻôšһ
֪ʯȴҲ벻Ȼô
֮ţ֮ţ֮ţ
ʯţһڵƣܣһֻأһӴУҲϸֻأһڶƲ̶ͬġߵ
˵ͷ
ôĩʲôʱᵽҡҡͷɫ
ǹؼ
ʯŴʲôⲻҪؼʲôʱϾ˶ֲ㲻ĴڣǸĩ̫Զ˵Ҳûʲô塣
ˣʥǵĹ۲⣬ѾԸܵĩĶߣڼӿŲ
ߵ˵ʥȻ뿪磬ȴԺ߱ϵһЩҪϢⲢ޷󣬵ʦ֮ʱ֮
֮Ի޾磬ҲΪѰҶȹĩİ취
һ
Ȼûиʱ䣬ʵϣʥҲ֪ĩʲôʱԲ²⣬ԻԼ޵֮ǰ
ĳ֣ĩ֮һŷ
ңһ
ʥԭ߳޷óĽ۵ģתʥĻ
籩֮ʣףûʶǣΪһڣܵĸӦĩĵĻĽ֣ԣŻճ𣬴ĳ̶ֳ˵ҲӦ˶
˳˼
òϣߣӦʥĻе
ûеնˣڷ֮ǰûеʥ𣬿ʥǵǱһӦ˵Ӧ漣
³
ѵһ缴𡣡ֻеһجͻȻ䣬ܵϢԽܡ
Ȼ⼶ΪԷļ仰ͬ
ۼΪʵΪ顣
֪ˡͷ
ûȥһЩؼ󣬷׼뿪ִԭƻʲôĩҪҪģǰѵǾȳȥȻ֤һС



1891 ԭ
߲ʹâҫķһ޷ĥڵĸоĳ󣬸⡣
ʱ߲ʹâУȴһӰٷţܽ֯źڰ׽Ĺâ߲ʹâγһŤͨͨȶӰ뿪ûãΧ߲ʹâϮ֮ĨƽΧҲָ֮ԭ״
ӰǴǴڳķ
ֻ̨ڷ΢΢ζţṩڳڴе
ڵķȻ뿪磬ڳڴУѭ֮ǰ꣬ǰ˱硣
ţȻǰʥӽ״̬£Ų֮ͬ
һ磬ڳڣҪһǰһ磬ͱ봩
ǰķ߲˶Զͻƣľֻ̨
ϾʱԳһ֪Ǻ˽⣬ڳڵĴǫֻ̈̄ӲӲĴľˣˣڽֻ̨ͱľʮʱ⣬ǿָ˹
ڣ翪λľ÷Գתһ˽⣬ټǴڵջʹ÷Сģڳڡ
򣬼ʹǿ˵ڵ磬ҲûǴȥ
ǴڣǸһѣиҪģʥµĵú;飬ڳȻҲ档
λߵ˵˶ʸȥģΨϣͻΪնˣʸ
һһ
ʥ·ӡֻǲֻ̫֪ţϾĩϢʵ̫ˣǣʸˣǻῪŵġš
ʸɾǳΪնǱʥΨնδĩá
ԭʥ֮ͽġţԼλߵĽ
£޷볬ڵģϾʥµķӡôƿѡ
ʱ򣬷ؾķӡɻûн⿪ûб
֮ǰף߿У֪ôһ¡
ʥǣ˺֣ѡʵĺ˽У˽ĩࡣ
ʥ֮Ǻ֮һ
տʼʱ򣬻û̫ͻʱţȴԽԽǿûִʱȻڽ֮ɼǿǱҲҪ󣬴Ӷĳһ죬ʥ֮硣
Ϊʲôһ󣬾ͽ磬ʵϣҲɺϡ
һжǰźõġ̲סЦ
һλʦֻ֮ĴڣҲֱڡ
˽ʸֻǣΪʥʱջ̫̣ˣûдʥµĺ֣ڷʱȴֻ֮µĺ֣ԣŻֱӽ磬硣
ڲ֪ԭڵЩնն
նͲԳһ֪ңҲ㹻֮ơ
תʥĻǵն̲ףʹǳԽ˺ϵȴûдﵽնǽ֮䣬һ뿪磬ǵʵǻ󽵣˥ֻǱϵȴҪò١
ΪնǶĩϢԳĴڣ˽ļ١
ҲǣʥЩն޾磬ı仯޳ĪˣǱֺȶΪã֪̫࣬δؾͱ֪ٺá
ʥ˵ѡ񣬷Ҳмͬ
ϾĴڣϣһģʹ֪ĩҲϾǰţûиһĿܣѱ֤ʲôӦ
ţˡ
Ѱ˼䣬͵ػعԼ˵˱⣬ֻҪЩ߲ʹâܽ롣
ȴһ¡
ԥһᣬûͣ£ȥ
Ҫѵ˴ȥҪֻ̨ٽ룬֪Ҫˡ
֮ǰҪȥһǸңԶΪʲôԼеϤϢ
ǸĻҪңԶ֪߲ʹâд˶ԶܸӦǹϢԼԽԽ
ΧĻҲ˹ı仯
~
ǿޱȵȻǿȻ߲ʹâɱ˳ԶǵѸٻţûɱǰͱΧ߲ʹâʼգǶûһۡ
û⣬ʥ
ԽǰУԽԽ׽ԵɱԽԽ࣬ʵҲԽԽǿЩ̬죬ͬǣǶǱ˴˶ŵģȻͬͺڰ
һĻĻӸԽԽǿ͵뵽ˣڽ®мĻ档
ɼǿƴɱţǵ̫ǿˣ͸߲ʹâ֮УΪָ̬սһ
Ҫһ㣬ҪǿҪǣԳ˽⡣
ּһ÷ó˽ۡ

ûǸңԶУ÷оϤģǱˣǻ
뿪ûȥĵطңԶ硣
նննȥ
ÿնԼնǴڣʥ˾ǵն˲ο
ǻѡģһΣյնһãǳ׵䡣
ԭˣԭˡ
ûʲôǿУĵˣԼ
ѡڳڣΪ˱ܿĸš
ⳡѰս֪˶ãҲ֪ʲôʱնôͻƵġ
ͷҲصȥ
ǻԼĵ·޷ֻ֣Լ



1892 ȳ
ննң·
̾Ϣ
ϣܳɹףת뿪ȥ
ʱ䲻࣬ʱѵ˾ȳˡ

һӴޱȵ磬ȻȲʮ󶥼磬ȴҲ˶Զһ˶ԣһҲߵ߼ʣǶԣ޾硣
Ȼڱĵ˵ȴ̫Сˡ
棬ǧꡣ
ʥ̤Σûκܿԡ
οȻӴ󣬵ȼҲǼߣǣȴһĮ棬Ѽŵ飬ʹУҲûʲôǵģ˵òʲôõϢ
ǧˡ
ʥ̾˿߲ʹĻɫ
ٳȥĻʦ
ԼϾ޵ԶǵΣȴ١
ţʦ֡ͻȻɫһԶһ·ϣ¶
ڷ֣ޱȻƧȴζȥ󣬴󲿷ʥ˱չ״̬ϣͻơ
տʼʱ򣬵Ҳˣʱţȴٱչˡ
ˣҺȼҲʥٱ롣
ʥûоܾһڹ·ϣŵһ߶һ졣
󲿷ֻ⣬ʱľ׷ŵ֮棬ŵؽһ췢չ׳еУҲױȡ
ʥһݣ׷Ψд޽ˣŻ廳һС
ʦ
ڵϣƽûп־壬ҲûвʣֻпĵȻ
ؽ磬һ㿴׳󣬱÷ģǵĺӣǵļ԰һ죬ԣؽʱ棬ûһ˿һĺڣڣҲûС
΢Цš
ϧûа취ȥˣڣзڣһǺܷĵġ
ʦ֡ʥȻ𣺡Ҫˣһܻųȥġ
ȻһЦտʼʱȷʵڴϾҲնǲӲģȻǧȥȻ˵Ŀ³ҲΪ
ģҲͿˡ
Ҫƿ󣬳һģֻǲܵģû˵˼ȴԶ
ʥȻ£ȱģʱ䡣
ûκΰ취Ĵ󡣡ʥ޺̧ͷ񷣬Ȼһۿȥͫ͵
¡~
޴ĺ쳹ء
ʥǷ·ԶƵ߲ϣȻƿһ󶴣͸Ǹ󶴣ϡܿؾķ羰
󣬱ˣʥ̼
ͨĶ󣬾磬ڱչصģǳصʥһʱ񷣬Ҳͨͨ
˶ˡ
ܱ棬ʱû֮ǣǣûԸⱻһֱƧ磬οֻʱûΣգ˭֪Ժֻʲô仯
һǿϢ
֮ǰһӰ𣬻һֻӴչ裬ĳᣬͿԽңԶľ룬嵽񷡣
ʥɫһ䡣
ﲻ磬һʹǣҲҪɹȥλٶȼʥ֮һ
ʥеǣ˭Ҳ֪ͨô£ܴڶãͨˡ
һֻһͨǲǸӾ
ˡʥޣҪϳȥģǱˣǵ
ʥҲʶ㣬׷׳֣Ȼȴǳһۿŷɵͨǰ
ʱһӰͻȻͨƮĽơ

һȣֲޱȵĽⱬϯأƺҪﶼΪ촷ۡ
ҽһ˲䱻飬˱˵صף֪
һĻˣ޲ǵ
ٶȼʵҲȴû뵽Ӱǰȴһ涼ûס˲ͱش
ʦ𣬿֮࣬ͻȻϤڶ
ʦѵǡɴ۾һߣʥҲǴһ
졣
˲ҵ̳
зǰʥһɣû̸ϣҪӰ᲻ҲԵǳ֡
ǿӰϸҪԵʥ֣һĻ侲
û˻ԴУʥǻഫת۾Լͬʱ֣ӰʵǿҲסڶʥ֣ʥҲ
Ǿ͵ţ˱Ȼһ֣Ͼ߲ۣǿĿã룬˵İҲ
ȻȴûеȵʥһĻǵӰδĿ˷ɵͨǰ
ϵˡ
ʱﻹӦ
ʥٶȣͲȻȲϷڱʥУҲΣһɵĹû׷ϵϡ
ûе飬һͷͨʧΪ뿪ˡ
֮ǵӰҲǷͨͬʱòҲֳ

״ӡ
ۣ
ôš
ڣԣԸ֪磬ˣǸ֪ɾʥҲû뵽ͨչֳ޵ʵˣȻǷô̵ʥռȡ
еһ˺ܿ췴Ӧ
ڲǾᣬΪʲôǷʱ򣬶ܷ뿪
ŷȥûͨͨҲûζģûסһ𣬷ͨչͨȡ뿪ϣ



1893 ع
߲ʹâӿ糱ˮͨϣƺһͨͻ㸲ٲ֮
ʥľĳһͨǾͺʱٳͨܳ־ãʱ𣬲ҵٶȫٷţò˶ãʹͨڳ֮⡣
磬ֻˡ
Ӧ޴ڵĴȻ̾һ޵֮ǰӵ졣
ʥЦ޾֮·ϲʦ֣ϲʦ֡
ǹصӳ죬ҪǣǰԮģǵ״ӣ
һλʥǺε¡
Ӱһ֮Ҳͨ
ʦʥе
˰ȻҲҲѡ
˵ʵҪ˳ȳԶûôס
ԼҪףҪͨõҲܹ뿪˽˳תҲֻǿ쵽򿪵ͨǽάּʱ䡣
֮һ
ΣˣҲ߱пܳĵط
Ҫ֪汻ģԶֹһλλʥǧ꣬뿪ȫĳһһ뿪ͨʥεȴ𶯣ֻǺεȷͲһС
ǵ£ûаգܾߵˣһʧܣʱڣдͨͻ׶༪١
ҪɹͱסˣͬʱҲǿԼʵĿ
һԼǷ˭ҲܲµԼǳ˭ģǵʥҪǧѣƱػ⵽
ңƻǳ˳
ֻصڱΣʹʥҲԿܷȫˣǣЩ󣬻˳ԼĿͬʱһشҲˣȡʱ䡣
ȻʱǳĶݣȻѾ㹻ʥ˳뿪ˡ
ãû⡣
ڷ˼䣬Ӱ˴ͨ˳
ˣȴǱΪλãǸ˼ĴۣԼѪս
֮ͨҲ֧ŲסȻ飬Χ߲ʹâϯѸѺۣһʵŭһͷȴȻʧȥ˻ᣬ˻硣
ʥСۣл֮λʥԥ£˹˵лǷ
ǲŷ֣Χһ˶ûУȻͨȫǷһ֮
֮࣬Ҳǲ˿
֮ڶǰУڷɾʥȻʵ飬Ȼڳڣһ㣬Ǻġ
֪ۻܷ񡭡һλʥʵнõʥ档
Ժ˵ҡҡͷûдӦҲûоܾ
̾ϢǿһǶȥ
㲻׼ǣʥȵ
ôܣϾʥЦû˴ֵһȻжԵʥɷͳֳͷҲԡ
ҪûôףңҲҪۡ
ⷬԮȻľֻ̨ҪָҪܳʱ䣬ЩҲǵһʱҲ֮ǡ
˵ͷ
ˣǷ񣬷ûǷʲôЩʥԼһۣҲӦ֮⡣
һᴦûǿʲô
˵ʮ㡣
ִĵµģ֮٣ֶһη塣
Ȼȥɡ
꣬Ȳؽ磬Ųзɡ

λʥع飬һϢ̺䶯硣
ڵ֪Ƿ֣Ǿȳ󣬸ǽ֮Ƶǰδе۷塣
Щնڣ޷ƿˣȴˡ
֮Ʋɵ
ǸǳĿ֮أҪȳʥҲֻвǿȣȴ򲻸ң˵ʥδ飬ʹʵ󽵣Ƿʵ˲Ρ
ЩǺ󻰡
ǡ
û뵽̶ǧ꣬ͷô¡̾һѾ˽ˣЩıʡ
Ҳ֪ˣٶôնľ棬㸲֮ΣǷճɾʥº롣
㰡ŷͻȻһҾףԷĸл
ǵ֮治֪ȥʦ
ʦ𲻿ɡһæ˿ȥʦҲûҽգʦͽ֮䣬Ͳллȥˡ
һЦͽܣûմ
ˣʦ𣬲֪ܲ絽ʦ档£



1894 
ʦ𣿡
ԣһ㶣Ȼû뵽ʳһ⣬⾡أԷʵ͵λȴʸš
ԡ
¶ڴ֮ɫ
Ҫ֤ĩľǲģõİ취Ȼѯʵˡ
֮أҲһҪȻȴ߾ܾˡ
ʥˣ׾ϵϵģÿһʱ䣬֮ϵһΣ൱֮ãҪڶʱڵȵǲܵġ
ңҲֻʥϵ֮أ֮ȴ޷ϵǡ
˵ǺϾʥңԶ޾Ҳûǿ
ʥ˵ģȻֹ֮һʦʱ򣬷͸Ӧ˵֮棬Է˷ӡ컯ˮĵ
ԣ˳˳
Ҫʦ𣬺ѣϾѾ뿪̫̫ˣ޾粻֪ԶһԣǼһʱһΣǲָΪһι̶ʱ磬Ҫʮꡣ
̶ʱ磬нҲ磬ǣʦܷӦͺ˵ˡ
εķؾҾʦ𣬿ϧûгɹ
̾˿ָ֮ǣϾ̫Զˣ뿪ʱ䣬Ҫơ
˵ͷ
⣬ôңԶľ룬ȻҪĴ۲ϣ㶼ϵҲ̫ʵˡ
ͬʱҲ⿪һɻ
ǾǷؾ£ôıʣ˭ܿͬСɣʥǲõģ϶ҪǣҲ϶Ҫ֪ͨǡ
ȻǵʥԷؾͳ󣬶һ֪ǿס
ǲʣ粻ϡ
ʦţʱǡʦԲŻ̵õô粻ϣֻܵȴһˡֵ
ðɣʦһʦ棬˵Ҵڳˡ
û͸¶̫࣬Ҳûжʡ

һ£֮涼ûκλӦļ󣬷һȻ뿪˵ؽ磬ްθߣʥӽ磬ߴ
磬ǰ
ʯšĿȥȴһãҲ⣬˸磬һ̤ԽңԶ룬ֱӽ
ᴩĹʯţԾ뷽۽磬СޱȵĴ硣
翪֮ʥǾͷ˹ʯŵĴڣ󣬽֮ӡǣЩǰӡȴɶˣ緢֣֮ȤΪ⣬Ĵ硣
ӡɶΪĩҪ𡣡š
Ƭ̺̤գŹʯŻȥֻ̨΢΢ζţȥ˷Ӱ
ʵԽǿԽѿʯţʥҲ޷
ܿ죬ᵽһ㡣
Ľӽӹʯϣӿֲֳ֮סؼ䣬ǳȼ׹䣬ײ·ķΪһֻֻǿޣŷɱ
ָޣģл壬и߲ı飬и෽δδŵĴڡ
ȻĿֲޣܷĽ飬޷
ⳡ׵Ľ棬ƺδ֪ĲϣûһλʥǣҲûܵκӰ졣
ԽԽֲѹڷϡ
ĿеսҲԽԽ߰ĽϷһֲֻֻն䡣
¡~
һھ޴ѹսУʹֻ̨ҲڲȥӰ
ԶһҵսոĻ
۵ӴϢţƣ֮ɫȻûи۾͵صɴ󣬿ֳӰķ
㡭Լ䣬оԷЩ죬ȴôҲ벻
ĽĿɨȴϳ˶ԷϾߵı仯󣬿ɷı仯̫ˣĴƫƧ˽ı䶯Ľʵ΢ԶԶӴʥһΡ
֪½ʥҲ֪ǵۡ
ʥĴڶδ֪Ժﶼûĸ
ȻûϳĽȴ̾ӷϣо޷Σա
ѵǣɳĸ֣ľ޴ʱɱң
߸ĴȻڼڹʯŵĴڣͶޣʹôչǳǣֱϾǶ磬Ĵһ֮Էʵǿ
ĴѾ¶ƣĽѹҲԽԽ
죬Ǳ˳һսһһնɱڿǶԷɱﵣ
ԭѾĴ總ûٿĽ
Ĵλڹʯ֮⣬̫ˣûаգս᲻Ӱ졣
½Щನй¶Ĵ˵һѡ
ʷʹѾˡ
һָһ
һĽжʱ̹˻׼ƴһ
һ̣͸о޿ƥеڣ˲߽ţһתعԼȻصĴڡ
ʲô
ĽЩ£漴͵̧ͷ
Ϊһ֮ӽǣ˿ĳ
һָԽԽ󣬳۽磬ضţǸӴ޷ָ΢΢𣬵Ĵ֮ϡ
εס硣
ΧĻ޷ٶȼ仯š
ʹĽҲֻԼΧڷɿ쵹ˣԶǳһӹ
ȵһƽΧȫİա
Ľľ
ͬʱļ磬ҲȻ֣Ĵ磬ʧˡ



1895 ʱ䳤
һָĴ󣬷Ϊ⣬Ҳûḽ𾪣ʯš
ȻӹʯӿϢԽԽǿݻ飬Ҳ淢ǿᣬʹǿ緽Ҳǽеǰ
ˣžĽӽ˹ʯŵ⣬Ӧ˱һɹɿֲ׵Ϣסȥ·
ʯŲͬЩϢеϤһɣͬһԴĸо
ʦһ̷Ӧ˹
ͬʱֲϢԴҲһһϳʥ棬𡭡ȵȣȫնڡ
µķӡ˼
֮أߵ˵ڹʯŸǰֻвĺۼһֱʥĨˣһǷӡ
ӦģӦþʥǵķӡ
ӽһЩӡҲ֮¶˳
صܣеҪĶ࣬ͱؾֱǰķӡʥǵֱʣǵĿģ޷ĩϢԼȫֻš
ǣʱţĩٽЩӡҲʧЧ
ڷؾļ䣬ԺĨȥ۸ģֱֻ֮ʣʹҲȻڣ˵ؾϢӶ·ӡƳⲻΪֻ֮ĵӣҲΪӡʧЧ
ʯҲһ
꣬һʱ򣬾˵ʥͼӽʯţȴѪӣȴδţκηӡ֣ǰȴӦЩӡңʵֻλʥ֮ϣȴûбȶԷʯţ˵ӹʯӿøǿ
ʯţͺñһ֣ʥǵķӡȴͬβסʹ֮ãⲻΪʥǿ󣬶ĩûеڳ״̬
ǣĩĵֿʼתҲȺѣ¶Ŀ
̾Ϣ
ûмǰѡ˺ˡ
ǰĻʹҲᱻѹѪˣΧЩӡҲûǿӲ
ܽЩӡżҵ֤ݡ
ǣͷؾȫͬģҲûаӲȥϾЩӡնǿĳڻԶ
ҷҲ޷϶ӲĺӡڽʧЧˣӲĻ᲻ǵĳױǷԸ⿴ġ
ʵϵڣѾߵĻҲĩʵ
֮⣬һطȴԽȥ
һ̤˹ʯŵķ룬һؾ֮ڡ
ؾ
ʱ䲢ؾĿգɶڵķ˵ǿд룬ʲô¡
ؾϿգĿɨһܶ¶ʥǰûжء
ؾϸֻصĳڣʱס
˵صܣЩܼʱĲ󣬶ԷˣЩûκãһȥ̾ͻ
Ǹܣ
Χһлȥžֱһ֮УһƺƵɫӳֳڷǰţҲԴͷ
ʱ䳤ӡ
ʱ׵ֱʣҲؾܡ
ֻĿʱ䳤ӣǣӴطܿӰ
һʱ䳤ӣҲֻгΪʥ֮󣬲ܳסʱĳˢ
ˮӿţ֮Ƭ
Ŀ⳯ʱ䳤ȥ̷ֳ֧֮ӿ˹½Ļ棬δĲȷ
ܿ죬ջĿ⣬ӣλݡ
ҪʱľͷʲôһеԴһеĩǣһֻصƬΣ
ʣʱĻҵ𰸡
濴ʱ䳤ƺ󣬿Уܸܵʱ䳤ӵޱ޼ʡ
ӳϣԴͷҲͷӿϣǺޱ߼ʣܿģԼصʱƬΣԶԶǲ磬ˡ
ʱһĻĻչǰ
еգгɾʥǰƻ磬¡
̡
Ƕݵģܿ죬ʱ䳤ӾͿԽĵݵ˸Զʱͬʱһ𣬸ܵʱĳˢԽǿԶǰ
Ϊ֧㣬ʱ䳤лݣҪɵĶ࣬һ㣬û֧ţͻüΪѡ
ǿ֧ţʱ䳤лݣһֱһƽʢ֧Ųס˳ʱ䳤ӣǿΪ֮Ĵڣᱻˢڹ֮¡
иǿʵԼʱԴͷݲһֻص㡣Ц
ʱ䳤лݵѶ֮󣬳



1896 
ʱ䳤⣬Ŀ˼ζʱ䳤лݵջ
Щʧǣֵһջ٣ݵʱ䣬һֻвǲ׺һڣܿʱƬΣǷΧûжǰһĶ
ϧˡҡҡͷ
Ҫʱ䳤лݣѶ̫ˣ˵ûʲô׼նô׳ɾ͵ģʱޱȺҪѰٶǼѡ
һ̤߳ؾʱ䳤ӵĻݣ֪еļѣûóֵ׼ǲˡ
ţ
ʦӦˣ
뿪ؾɫһӵ˵ĴѶɵЩ죬ŶãԵ֮֮Զ˵ôʱˣϸʱ䣬Ӧ⡣
һ񣬷
ԭѾȥ˽ꡣ
ʱ䳤лݣ֪ʱţҲ֪ȥ˶ãȷ̤ʱ䳤ӣصڵʱȻǰ֮
ʱˮЦЦ뿪˹ʯţٵؽ磬˵
ڷ뿪꣬һֱϵϣûʲôɫʥ˵ʱ䲻ǵָһӼ䣬
ʦˣ߰ɡ
ã棬ʽǽҲ֮ĵط
ٴιپɵأصãķȴѾûܡ
õֹͨһΣǸ༸ŵģ̻ʥ
ֻҪΪ״ӣܽһãǽӶ
ȴ֮档
ߵ룬˵ĵҲֳ
ʦ𡣡
ʦ档ҲһܲʱȻһϵͨ
Ҳֻƾһ֮ᣬԼ֮ϵ
£һº͵ϴ
˷һۣʾ˵
ʦ棬Ѿȥ磬λˡԼ˵
һˣ֮Ƭ̺󣬲Ż𣬴Щɬÿ죬Ӧ˵治Ӧ˶֮𡭡
Ȼĳɳٶȣ˵֮ԤϣҲޱȡ
ܺߣ΢ϵ˶ԷĳɳҲһ֪ǣϵȻãʱԷڵĻȻ𺳡
Ӧ˶֮ӣüͷһ壬û׵֮˼
ûѯʣͻȻâʢ޾Ĺ糱ˮӵǰ۳һӰ
һû뵽֮澹Ȼܽһ߻ԶܺͱȣǾ֮ԶҪȻҲҪƵĴۡ
Ŀȥһμ֮汾ˡ
֮һϮ£ȥǳᣬֻʮģ۵ĻȻ˷ЩвĸоȻҲʥһġ
õģڻ·ϣûôԶˡ֪ĵģ֮һ䡣
ȴ˼˺׼⻯ȥǱ߿һۡ
ǵ֮ĿģۻĴۣûǰôһ棬ɲ򣬱ϾҪĴԶҲ۾ۡ
ǣ˵ĳɳٶȣȴеһ˿
ˣ֮Ҫȥʯȥһˣһı仯
û֪ĩľʱ䣬ֻͨ˿Ʋһŵʱ䷶Χ
ʦ˵ʲôãȻ
֮濴һۣ̾˿ӡɶĩȥˣ˵ɡ
ǡ
֮ԼľԼ֮߿еõľϢһһ˵˳
סˣĻУ̺Ϣ̫󣬴޷ܡ
ֻǣô޷ܣǺܿ侲
Ǳʥ²ô侲ܻ񣬵ͬйľڳڵʱȻҲƽĽܡ
֮΢΢ͷΪԼӵıֶе⡣
֪ϢƻǺε֮Բһֱѡƽȣĩȴǿ͸¶ˡ
ʥһһһԼϵȷαȻųϢҪ̫Ķ֮Ը
ֻءˣùܡ
΢֮˵ģɾն桢ʥ桢ˣɽ˲
ֻ֮ӦҲնȴûڷɽǲԣǹĨȥĴںۼ
ٳգ֪ȥ򣬼ʹ״ӣҲ粻
ˣʲôҪʵ𣿡
ȷʵһЩɻϣʦܽ𡣡
ϵ֮棬ĩʵԣѾûʣⷽ棬лźܶǡ
ʥǣƺ֪ķǳ࣬Ȼ֮ߵ˵ǴӹʯŸżƲģɷҲȥؾ̤ʱ䳤ӣõȴ΢΢
żӡˣûнȥƺоԵ֤һ㡣
侲ȴãԲ
Ŀ٣һֻУռݵʱ䲢㳤ô翪֮ǰأʱûоʯţûнЩż
Щȥںδ
û뵽ע⵽Щ֮ЦȷʵЩӡż˿࣬ҪƲĩϢǲܵġ
Ҳֲ￪ˡ
֪֮ô࣬Ʋĩ࣬ԭΪʥ档
֮
ʥ棬һֻصˡ



1897 
ʥ治ֻصˣ
֮赭д˵ĻǷһԵĵҲסˡ
︡ʡ
һԤϵĴ𰸣ô󲻵
֮ߴû˿Ҳȫûⷽ룬ϸҲǺģǰ߲Ǵˣ֪鲢Ǻܶ࣬ʥǣҲûбҪ͸¶ľء
ĩǽ֮أΪδնҲδʸš
ݵľ㵹֮ģǾκˡ
ֻصˣô˵ʥ澭ĩôģĩġǧͷһӿͷ̫ɻҪʡ
ֹ̧֣֮˵ѯʡ
ϵնǿ֪նߵľ硣
ϣǳ׵ĵһ󣬸һնңӴˣǴԴͷ޾ɡ
͵ǵͷ֪ľ硣
ն֮ٽһ֮ΪشͲ˸ߵľ磬Ϊ׾
׾һ˾൱硣
ͷתԳһ磬׾֮ΪشͬԳһ磬ǿ̶ȿ֪
նǲ׾ǵͬ磬߲֮֮
ʥ棬׾ôʦأأУǲ׾ܶȹĩʵ
ʥǰѾնˣ˵˸߾磬Ҳδ֪
֮ȴҡҡͷҪΪһ׺֮ѣһûһ޾УǿʹնҲΪ٣Ȼ׾Ҳָ
֪麣;ģλ
ϵѣҲ֪ľ磬Ӧúһն۷壬޷ʥ棬޴Ӳ²⡣
ʵģǲ׾ܶȹĩǡ
֮ҡͷ
ǿףĩУҲҪҷ𣬲ڡ
ʥôģǰʲô磿Ҳʵ
֮ЦЦȴû̻ش𣬶˷ʥ˵Ӧ˶֮ӣ粻ڻϣ
ô޾磬磬һֻأ
һѵ˵
ĩ֮ʣ粻ڤڤеʶƶһУǿ߻ӳ˯ѣǿ߻᲻ϵ˥һմеһλǿߣһֻصϣӡǣȹĩ
ʥ棬ϸֻصǿߣʱףϸֻصǿߡ
ĬǰƺˣǿɱĳܻûеȴĳеĲҡ
ϴ£ܺȥδӡ
ʦ𣬼Ȼʥ治ϸֻصǿߣôһֻصģͻȻʵ
Ϊǿߺ󣬳һֻصϣӡǣ۳ۣ֮ܶȹĩ֮Цǣ㲻𣬼۲֮۵ǿߣĩҲҪشĴۣǲףù˽ܡ
˼صĴۣʥǿȹĩдһֻأȱ𡣡
˲ٴתĥ˲ۣ֮նһ˲ּ䣬磬ҲŶϤĩ࣬˵ǼܳΪնʥİҲǹû
һֻأ¡
֮ûм˵ȥ͵˳
ʥǶȲһĩˡ
ʯŸЩżҲһλλǿһδĩбĥ
ûˣ㲻
еһЩɻҲõ˽
˵ķչ̣ȷʵ֣ڸտ֮ǿƼһӳλնαնҲв٣֮󣬶ֻ֮⣬Ҳûгֹһλն
ǲģ̫ˡ
ڿӦʥֱʣֻص
ˣ˵ЩˣˣֻҪŬʹҲûʲô˵ġ֮ȻһЦ
ĩʱ䣬ȴҲ̡
һֻصʱԵģڴ󲿷˵ӳҲû
ڻع·ϣ׼ӭĩ֮ǰҪСġ
ԽǿˣԽܸӦĩĵǻ᲻һеԼҼʼսҲᵽ
֮ͳˡ
·ϣѾв𣬴һ
λ⣬Ҳ⡣
ԣ͵鶼ޱء
ʦ˼ǣЩħ磿
ǱȻģ֮ʱΪλǰңǿɲ֪ĩܡΪ޼۹屦ʹնҲĪŻħɶ˻
һĻݡ
ҪԵģ˻ħ⣬пܻնĴڡ
һҪססȵǹ
֣˵һ󣬵֮治ٶһ뿪˵ؽ磬ǰʯ֮ء
͵һۡ
ʦ𡣡
һ죬Ҫˡ̾һħ֮Ĳͻħ֮䣬йٴģ񿪱֮һĲսȴδУ𣿡
̫Сʷϲֵһᣬûоͻħսο֮
£һЦĿ絶ʲôħ٣ɱ١



1898 Ļ
ͺá
οĵ˵ͷķ֮ηħսȻǺ¡
˵һǽٵսȻ϶Զ֮ǰսʦҲϻأǣҲûʤġ磬ûնǵĵˣҲԶ翪ܱ֮ȵġ
ԣס
翪֮սǺεȲңȻûоҲţʱʥһҲǿһڻҰˡ
֪ʥͻħһսУն䡣
ΣģݺΣʥǸϲǰ£ʣ罫ûκηء
ʵϣȴˡ
ʥ뿪֮ʣȻܱߣԱ֤û֮Σôܱ߻սȻٴΣȴδ㸲֮Σ֤ʵһ㡣
߹Ȼʵ㣬ͬģܱߵĻħҲһ
ȻҲܸˡ֮Ļڶߡ
ʱգʥҲŲߣĩв£Χ綼ᱬıܣɱƶ£ǿߵٶȻԽԽ죬ҲиΪǿĴڳ֡
ԣ֮Ż˵ǿܻնĴڣնڣǴңԶĵģܱ߻е
˫ʵԶԶ꣬սĲҳ̶ȣ²ضá
׼ɣΪⳡս

Ե
һۼٷţۿԵĽ磬ϣһĸߴ͵۾ı仯ȻԶ粽ǰңȴҲЩʵüͷӦ˹
Ŀ⾯ѲΧһб仯̾Ӧ
ʦ㡣ͻȻУĿת󷽣ʱһ׵Ů˳
ŮӵļͷȻվһֻɫС۾ں˯
ʦܣˡŮӿ꣬¶һ˿Цݡ
ԵԽԽˡ˷ܣŮһ̾ߴͷҲǳ
޾ʴԽԽ⻹ҪģǧǰԽԽĻӿԵħҲƵ磬ʹ˫սѸٱ
ǧս˫ʧߣλʥ޾Ǳߣħ֮ࡣ
սĺ֮һʹԵ⵽˾޴ƻĵ򣬱޾ʴ
صǣⳡսԶԶûнļ֮ǰģǿθˣΪҵսں档
ʦ㣬ʦ˼˵缴ӭ֮Σûӣĺƽ£ֻܾԼһԥ£㻹̲ס˳ģȻѾá
ۣ˵Ļй١ŮҡҡͷЩҲѾһˣΪʱ׼š
ЩħҪ磬ͱ븶ѪĴۡ
ŮӣǷŮ⣬㣬ǷĴʦת
תһЩ⣬ת٣ȻתسˮȴҲʹת̶˱ڷȳ꣬תɹߣ¡
һתǰ¾Ȼȫµ˸
ʾޱȣܱȲʥȴҲǾžޣǰʤһǳʥǿѡ
֮澯Ѿȥ֮á
յ֮Ҫ󣬵ǺųĴϢ
ֻǣĩϢȻţ֪Ψ缴ٻħԵϢ𽥷˳
ϾĩԶü޵ħսһضȥĩûκ壬˵Ҳͽġ
ˣħսϢ͸¶ǣ֤ʵһսĲҳ̶ȣȻ󲨣˲ٱҡ
£˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣ˻ʲôٶ
ңʥһ˶ҡ׾ѹ˱ңʹָƽ
Ҳǣ͸¶ħսԵʣ͸¶ĩΣûܴ⡣
һķųϢһܵĹ̡
ȵȹħս͸¶ĩҲ٣ҲȲ½ݡ
ڳڵʥȺȳ
ڣҲΪս׼ǧǰħĴ֣ҲΪһսĻ
ˣЩͲҪˣλıʲôʱǳʥİɡȵܣǴеĿġ
ǡȻ



1899 նɱ
ǧԵս˫ͶҲԽԽǿ
ˣʮطԵȻǸ߶
Եʥͻħ࣬˫ڲ̽ţ׼ҵľս⼸ǧĻˡ
翪ٵǶʱΪοʥͻħҲֻλˡ
ʥᣬѪǿޱȣǰѾʮطˣʾˣٶޱȣϣȷҲ˶١
ܽô죬Ѫ⣬ҲıƶڣǿߵԶǰܻûµʥȴҲֻʱ⡣
˶ʮطۣǾˣԵȻ޵ķʸ
鱨˵һδ֪Ļ壬ǱԵĽ總רŷɱǵˣ˲Св⻺
˫ԵԶẉ̂ĿǰΪֹ綼û·磬ʥͻħϿǴռϷ磬ֵĻͻħѹƣԿԽ׳ذ벽
ˣԵ󲿷򣬻ǱȽϰȫģʹżл崩սҲܿ챻ɱҲʹԵΪӵѡ
Ե紦Զ˫ս򣬸ǰȫеİȫ
˵κηա
ǣƫƫһȺ壬Ѿв⵽Ϯимλ콾δʣȴ䡣
δ֪壬ӦóΣû˷ǵݣʹսУҲֳսǿǿҲʮطۼ𡣡ϡ
ʵ̫ˣǧٹ֣ԺǿܻϸӹŹֵ塣̾˿
һ߽ţһûиĹ۲ܡ
ʹ͵ϮҲܵһʱ䷴Ӧ
չȥˣһû壬ķۡ
Ե磬ǺεȵĹ󣬹⿿ˣǴ룬Ϊ˽һ壬ɳʮطۡ
նɱԷܣҲҪ֮ȥָ˴İȫ
ʦ㣬Щģе㲻üͷʱգûκ壬·ԷƵģսĴҲ޼
о̫˳ˣһǾͲǱк壬ܸоʲôı
ֺ壬ҪսҲף˷ɵƻҲΪͣĿǰɵսԶ¶Ļ
޷΢΢һЦУʲôıƣûá
ţǱһˣ壬ƺˣûбҵӴܣǿȥ
˲ҵæĿĵȫٷȥ
·ϣԸǿߣ϶˷֮ɫô׽ԲأͲͷˡ
ϵսʱ򣬶ʱʮλԸǿߣһսһš
ȥʲôûУʵϣȴһֻֻǿ塣
ԾһĻ㷴ͣвĸо淢ǿңϾת
šЦˡ
ʮλʮطۣЩ̫ԶϵģƬˣ󲿷ֶˣЩˣ޲ǸľӢмᡣ
ǳ⣬˵ش˵ϣȴҲһ
ʱһβͻȻɨȫڳ޲һͣеĶһ
ţ˵ϷһӴĴڻֳ
ȥһֻ޴ˮĸϿա
Уι״嶼Уˮĸ̬Ļ棬Ȼ˾ǣֻӴˮĸɢĲȻʥһ
ͬʱ˼սҲ׷ֳʲôδ֪壬ˮĸһ룬ͷβûʲôδ֪壬Ǳ󷽵ģһİĻħ
ǰĵ͵ΪЩˣһɱ
á
塣
ӡ
˾Ȼħѹ֮£ѣ˵ߡ
ˮĸӴϣֻ۾ĮˣһĴ븡𣬾ħ֮ɱʮطۣһӡ
ҲǶãϣȴûκλ֮ɫ
վͷĻСͻȻչħĿֲѹ·𲻴һ㣬һȼĳ
һƺâ˲նԶˮĸԲĮӴȴ̷鿪ȫʬ
ڽɲǣˮĸƺһ硣
ʥս˲ֳײԻأʱȴûй¶ֺڳûκĸо
һλá



1900 
ʥһħҲ
Եǻ֯ĵط˽ܲһ޵Ѫ⣬ǣƾһ΢ȴҲжϡ
ˮĸ̬Ļħûߣˡ
⡭ˣ
ǣš
һ⣬ʮطۻع֮࣬ҲǸмĿ˷⣬Լطͷָԭ״ĻС
λᣬȻİͷĻСҲǺܿ
ԭһλ
ʦʦ𡣡һ
һ̣ΪԼˣϾһλħ񣬿϶ǱɵģʥҲԮ
û뵽ôһλǿĻħ̼䣬ͱնɱ
ѹʦô򶨣֪⣬Ǵ󵨵Ĺˣ
ڣҲ׹Сǽڽ裬ǰȫġ
Ӧýˣǻȥɡ

ԽԽɲˡ
ع;Уնһ̲סип
ᣬʥӣȻЩʮط棬ʥֺ١
ȻԻħȴֻܱĿ
ЩʥԼĵӺͺᣬ޿κΣʥϣǳʥĿʼһѪһͷ̺ΰɱһȺʮطۣǵ̫ǿԶʮطܼԦġ
ǣڽĻСȴһֱվڷͷû˿й¶Ҳ˺
Ϊ⣬նɱħʱ򣬸ǽ˴һ磬ʥսӰ첻ǰǺεȺˡ
Լĸ淨˼߾磬ʱգǽȥߴݼΪһ壬Բһӵ˴ܣԿ磬ʵӰ졣
ûҲûԶ֡
ǽڽܵһննɱһħȻ÷𺳲ѡ
ǰѾµۣʥ֮ѷ֣ڹȥ꣬ǿ˺̶ֳȣ£֪
һεķâЩ΢չ֣¡

ǡ
͵ڹ˵Ŀ⴩ңԶľ룬Ե
ˮĸ̬Ļħչ¶ֵһ̣ǾͲ˸ӦҲϾһħھôĵطǲǹ£ħֲǵǱ͵һ֦ħϢǱôԶ
ԣһ̻ᱩ¶
ԣħŻȵ㹻ʮطϹ
ʵϣҲֻһ֮ţҪȫܡ
һħ񣬾Ȼôˡҡҡͷ
ûʥ֣ħͱնɱˣ֮ˣԼߵĵӡ
ڵʵִҲԶԶˡп
ʹҪôնɱһħҲǲܵģ˵ûԶ֡
һ꣬ҿûа׹΢΢һЦ
ȥƽƽ棬ûκγĵطˣºţһλʥ
ڵķһ޴ĺڶǶǿᱻɵһɶһ磬ʵһУ˵档
ʦ̽Ĳˣս¿Ҫʼˡ
ֺĴᴩ壬μ
С
ϣͬģҲϣӦңԶеı仯
һǿĳϢڳķ
ɿµϢκһλʥ֮ϣЩαն½ԼӦ÷һִѹȸС
ǰδеǿС
һλննһһ˵š
ûֱһλն˻ǿǣ̫Զˣ湵ͨʱܸӦԶǵ˾η
ǣλնȴһҪԵˣȥһ꣬ԵģǱλնǰˣ̽ĵϸ
޾粻硣
ˣһܵط޾ȴһ
߱ڴ󺣺飬Ԩ֮
ǿˣҲҪʱ䣬ܸϻ
λնһʱȴˣĻħ̽磬Ҳǳ
һ죬ˡĿ
ΪһҵսѾ׼һꡣ



1901 
޾硣
һӴ½أڻ֮УΧֲħ֮£ĿܶûУʱһǿĻħȴǴ˿ֲ½
ʥĻϳЩħУһǽ֡
ˡ
½룬һֲѻ̬ħ񻺻Ķµѹʱڸħϣɫ΢䡣
ѻħ񡣡
ʹڶħУѻħҲǰУȻ֮ټħڸλԾӣȫΪʵĿɽ
ҵˣΰ¾񼴽꣬ʮꡣ
ѻħĿɨħ¶һ˿Цһ˵Ϣ
񣬾ǻնڵƣеʱҲᱻΪħ棬ͬһڡ
ΧħУʱһ֣ǣںѻħĿ£Ǻܿʧ
ηɽʵƽʱͺиҵѻħģھ͸˵ˡ
ʵϣúѻħӴĹУħҲܸӦǿ֮ĴԽԽǣܽʱ׼ȷʮϰ꣬Ҳֻкѻħˡ
һɷķΧڴ½ϣħжޱȵĳء
Ǻζʲô
ڵѻħ֮ʣǾԤУǣ¾չ黹ûе˵;зʲô£Ŀ귢ı䣬ҲǲܣںѻħĻȴǶϾǵǲòһʵ
ȥ£Ҳˣ˼ǻ㱹ĻһкԸ
ɱڵһ仰ѻħХһչɳ˴½
ħһžԱ˴˹ϵԶۼһ
Բħһ޴ɫԲ򣬴ʱһһλħԣߵ̬ͬһֻӴڹꡣ
ǰԲħ
˴˵֮أߡħ񵭵
ûħǵȥ࿴һۣһ뿪Ĳֹǣǣħ񣬶ûʲôԵʵ΢ħӡ
ҪˣΣòƴˡ뿪˴½Բħ̾һӲ
ѻħΪʲôټǣԲħһ
⼸ǧ꣬ħսǲ²ħʥϸ䲻õһλҲŸոʮλԶԶƲϼҡ
֮ԻΪħƴ
Ƭǿڣħ֪ܲжǿսǴûռʲôˣ˵Գһ磬Щħȥˣֻᱻѹƣʱ̫֮ǡ
ûʲôô˭ȥƴѻħһˣҲ岻ħˣ⼸ǧŻ
ǣȴһˡ
¾һ̾ѹħкѻħڣ˭ƴ˭͵ȥҪշʹڶħΪã¾Ҳ⣬üλħ񿪵ħ
û뱻ɱӺôƴҲͲɱˡ
Լʵ΢׶༪١
Բħ磬ħȴЦ
ƴǺǣЩǸ֪絽жô¡
ȻǺʱսԶԶûдĵߣǶ˽⣬Ǳɽһǡ
ʲôԲħһš
սΪʹ磬ȴҲűɽһǡ
ţҲǣЩħ񣬴ڵʱ̫ˣֺ֪ǳսĲҡħЦ¾񣬺˲𣬷ǸʱҲǸǿڻҡ
֪Ϊʲôûһ֣¾񣬿ǴӼΪңԶĵطģ˵һˣ
ѵ˵Բħٿͣ͡
ǣɱˣƬԼпܵȺɱˣʮ궼ûлħ
ΪΪʲô֪ôࡣԲħβŻع
ħĶ࣬ҲԶûмʮôã޾УɱƵħĸҲߣʹһֱţҲûôܱߵȺһһͲǵμӹ翪ٴսһЩˡ
ȻûоеĳȴУһǲҪ硣ħ
һȺƳûвսǿӹһ١
ƵģҲһЩɴʷС
Բħѹֶսħһԭѵڡ
֪Ħ𣿡
ȻҵȺУĦǼΪǿһ֧ԲħԺ̸ֳͷۣ˫Ħ̬
ÿһħ񣬶ǿޱȣȺڶܱ࣬סԲǵ֮
ǺǣĦ壬ǵģȴˣܻڣҲǲˡħ̾Ϣ
ԲħȴǴһôû뵽µȺȻ
þˣ֪ȻҪ࣬Ħ֪⣬ΪۣȺ棬ûбɱȴԽԽһħ񣬲֪ôģȻܵ棬֪ǵıԴˡ
ûħأĦҲǵ㡣
Դ
Բħ̰һͱ
Ħ嵮񣬻бԴҲǲܣⶫͲȾָģµĦ϶Ҳûʲôˮɹˡ
ô˵˿£ǻʲô·Բħ񽹼
ħ˵Խ࣬ľԽκϣ
ҪȻӰɣ뿪Ƭ򡣡
²ߡħǳ
Բħγ֪²ߣһã
ޱ޼ʣᴩʼգɲͬĵ򣬻Ҳͬ磬ĴڣȻΧĻӰ죬ϸ΢ĸıʹﵮȺͬ
Ƶĵط޾к߲ܶ࣬ڵ򣬱ȻΧı䡣
ЩȺߵ棬ɵ˱ĵطӦ˻˵ҪȺռˡ
ô졣
ȡħ񵭵ն¾Ǿͽˡ
ߣʲôʣ¾ɱ˽ȥҲܷһ
֮ǰ

Բħħ̸Ҳڱħз֪Ļûô࣬ɶƴǲˡ
¾񼴽Ϣ׼ìܡ
Զ֮ǰĻħɱԵʹսһӱü
ߣҲǳԽԽʥԵħɱ˫ս˲
ÿʱỵ̈дȥӴսģ֮󣬳
һʥͻħ񣬽䡣
̶ʮ䣬˫ʥħͳʮ˫ɱۡ
ûг֣ڻûʱĶ֣λնڣڶԷ֮ǰҪȫԼһʤϣ
İѽȴǽ˵ӵˣûԵλħڽ¡



1902 
Ե
һƣվ֮ϣȥΧǻʬѪ⡣
һҵսոĻ
ڽվͷȴûκζѾΣģֻͷŻᴥѰսУֻԼ
ʦ㡣˹ĬվڷԣЩã
ħĹԽԽˣǿҪֵס
벻ףΪʲô̶ʮЩħ̬ȣǱһƵġ
ԭ绹ռϷ磬ѹŻħڣȴǽڽڰˣʧԵ󲿷
ҲʥܺΧеħȡ
¾ʹĵ֮㣬Զ磬еĻħȻҲ֮ϣǶʼƴʱ絲סҲ
Щԭȴ޴֪ˡ
ҪЩʥʦĽöá۷ͷĻСϧ
ִ񽣣տʼʱɲսնɱλħ񣬿ʱһħǱҲǽ˽Է˱֮ΨֲǿҲʮطۣκβá
ʥЩħӲˡ
ⲻܣòˡҡҡͷ
ǰòˡ̾˿
ִһѾħģڽĽϾ飬ûǣڱʥӲܣ֮£ҲӰ죬Զڷ
ٺõҲҪʺԼܷӳܣԽǿԽ̡
ؽΨڵǿ½ʥִơ
Ľڽֱڷͷ罣ͻ罣ϡ
㣬Ȼ˷£淨ȴ뷽ͬˣòĽ
ͷãΪѪʹҲֻܱʹá
罣ͻ罣̫ǿˣԶǷκһܳصģˣǴŶȹսߣӵܣȲϴŽںķⷽ㡣
˼ˣץʱ䣬Լɡ⻺
սֵĸ׳֣ʱĽͻᱻջأˣȡʱ䣬
ÿһսܸоԼøΪǿ
ˣڲһеԼƽ֮£ĸǿӭӵļ

磬ҪŲסˡ
У૵
ڻħķ£粻ϰˣԵƬʧأ⻹Ͼʱ򣬵ȵλնƱػսʱ򣬼λն֣ڱֵĻħǣҲпܹ磬սȼյ
ǸʱҲòøĵ̡
Ҫİ֡
΢Ȼӵʧڷؾ
Ȼڶ磬汻ʥѱȳɴɴš
ڳ⣬ǰֱ˹ȥ
˵Ҫ볬練ƣһ󣬷Ŀڵλȥ
ûãһӴޱȵ磬ڷǰ
硣
飬Ųʥǿ
ܣ֮͸֪ĵ֮һ꣬ʥǽȡһͶ˵أΪ磬зչΪӦԺΣ
ڣǶһ̵ʱˡ
ǰµûд飬뿪ʵⲻ뿴ģˣܴ뿪ҲûôңʱʵҲ
ֱڣѾ㹻ǿ󵽣ռܣٴ
ռܣλУԭֻһǲߴ
Ĵ󶥼ᣬģµһֹܡ
һ磬ûо飬Խһڣͣһ޴ǿУϷתš
Ͳǿ档
ǿ󵽳ųǿϴ޷
΢΢һЦ

Ե⡢еĳȻΪԭΣƿʧ
һҫ貵Ľ⣬˴罣
罣ڽһһƿնڷܣ罣γƣһ֣Ľͬ
ִ罣һնޱߵâ磬أնǿС
ǿͣˣϵĥջΪм鿪



1903 
磬񾳡
⴦ϵˣһţƽûʲô
ͻȻ䣬Ӵĳڴϣ·ɽѹ˶ʵ΢˸ǵʹȥ
еǿߣ׷վǿѹĲʣ񹬵ķ
ֻǸһҫޱȵȽȽɢѹͷâ
񣿡
ʲô
˶һͷˮͷԡ
գǵռٷȥ˿ڷɲ죬ʵȴǿ쵽˼㣬ŽԶ룬ֽ񾳵ѹҲǽʧղͶĹâҲôۺͷâ¶ģҲһڵǳҫգĸλãĿ
ý˴󶯸ɸ꣬鲻С˶ǣ֮£ѣ籬սЩ˿Ҵ档
ȵȣֹǽ񡣡
˶סˣŵĿУһҫǳ֣Ǵһλλ顣
ˡ
֪˻ĵڵأжǾԺֻһͷҽ١

ͬЩµˣ߸ϵ飬ڷֺǿʱ̲˸Ӧһλҡҡ׹Σϯȫ
ͻľ䣬飬ǲһе߿գҪŪ࣬ڻʲô޴Ӱ죬һʱ䣬ȴҲ˲ˡ
ûЩһ̶֣սֵ뷨ûУ˴˽ӽһ̽˴˵ϢͬʱߴӰҲûͣ¡
üͷۿĹͱѩ񣬻ҡͷ
û֪ʲôһʣԤ֮⡣
˭
ͻȻһȴԼ̧ͬͷߴ
޷ߴܿģֻвĴǿУȻʱǷɵһ߶ʱȴ֣Ϸʧˡ
ǿһվڷǳУ̽ץסһ鷱ޱȣɢز
ץס·ס
㡣󾪣ͷ棬й棬ˣ̾˳һԵĹͱѩҲء
ĿɨˣҲֹˡ
Ѿ֣Ե֮洫ڵĿ֮Ѿɹƿ
һ̽λǿбԵĽ®߱ܿˣҲҴţһ̤ٿ£ߴͬʱ޷󼰵ľУҲͷʧ
񣬳μ棬Ƿ
˭ҲԺηʲôĿģȰû˵꣬ͱȴϡ
һǿ飬Ǿη̰ŷе

񣬽鱩꣬ʵǿᣬȳͷҲʲô£񱣳˳ĬԼ֧֡
Ȼǲ֪壬һ̣鶼˲ǵԲһ
ĬȻ
磬̫ˣõ˫֮䣬ͬǵԨԴԴ֣ʥԹܲȴЩ
ңס͵סǵ
ңĵطҲǣʥ˲ΪһЩ󶯸ɸꡣ
˻ĮȻ
΢һȼŻλ棬ӵ˼㣬Ҳµ˼㣬ͬʱڻλĸӽṹϵԼƵȵȣġ
ԭǻ񡣡˵λһλỹڷУȻԷδ֪飬֪Ҳ⡣
ɫ䣬İϤλͻȻðţλĽϵѡ
һ֮䣬䷲
ƺЩ̳λ飬Ҳ˷
ҪǣޱףԸ㣬Ҳķ΢΢һЦλȼҲǴӵصãǿع鼺
һ
һֻŵ罣Ȼն
~
ǰһǿĽڱգ˺գǰоԼǺͯһ㣬
׵Ļ񣬸ûпʸ˲ͱնɱ
ȴû䣬һصһ»ΪֻǣʱĻãǱ˼£һһһȴĴۡ
Ϊǿ
ڣǿԺú̸̸ˡĿɨ񣬻һһͬһˮе̰
߸ϵ飬ôԸˡ
񣬿û˻ķڷʹ˳ӣҲǧټƵ̽ͷɣǣڷչǿʵûҲնɱκһ˺󣬶ʱòͬ
ʩҲǳԼĿģҪսˡ



1904 ع
˶ľսĿգȴһϯµĴҵ
󲻳ôգǺεȾĶǵĴ£Կ϶ǣȻ޴ı仯
ֲһֱһſŴǳŽʧ
ûս
̫ˡ
ȵȣΪʲôƺһء

Ԫ񾳡
˵λ룬ռߣԪһϵ
ϵԪһϵΪϣƣԴԶռ룬ҲΪͬ
һ۾ͿһϵԴͷԪ硣
ԪһλǲӣǰԪ£ûз˵޹ؽҪ
˵һش˵ľ̺Ͳ²⣬Ͳڿǵˡ
ԪУ٩٩ԣһȥ˵˳Ȼ󣬸ʱ䣬һʵ
λţǷ˵𣿡
һƫ͹񡢱ѩһɫأ˵ģǱѩͬĶԻҲڱз
֮⣬޾磬磬һĵط֮⣬޾磬ǵǴģ棬һλλǿʥѩˡ
ǲǸо߸һ㣿ЦҲǲŰĹԶԶҵǾǾ֮ܡ
ȻϺѽܣϣȴЩҡ
Ȼ󣬿ɹഫڹϵĴ˵УȴҲܿһЩߡԥ£˵޷һ㣬Ϊ飬ܽӴ缫ΪԶܣ±ȲԪȴмõϵȴҲһ֪
е񻰣ЩȥĹ񣬺ͷ˵Уܱ˴֤
ѩ죬޷
һϵĴ˵У뷽˵ģҲӦϣ̫Ǳġ
벻ǣλۻ֤ǿġ񵭵ڣ˵Ҫع硣
ڵ磬Żħ֣ħ񣬱ҵȵıְڣٲ䡣
һ֣ȻҲлħĴ˵
ԣѩ͹ǵ˵ͷ
ǷʩĺôˣħѾڴ˵УҲѿħΪԼıְڷӰ£ȴ̬֮ת䣬ԷΪ
ʵϣ˵Ҳһ£ƿأǶһ񻺻
ڷǰƿأᱣһʷϣ鲻û
Уع磬ҲܲȫȱʧģϾҪһ졣
ӵ˿ʥǳףǰ;ȴ޹⡣
Щ棬ʵǿǿһҲǿ̫࣬бʵĲ࣬зǰѹʵ
ľˣ˵նˣһ飬ǽܣʷϣ֪پž޵飬޷ա
һع磬ܲȫĹǺڴһ㣬Ҳˡ
ûг׵ĸʱ򣬷ܸӦĴڣֻǷǳ΢ʥµĺţԱպĻع顣
һȺ޷뿪飬̫󣬸ɲ϶ó
˵ĶԣҸ֮£ѣ类ܶһ񣬱ѩҲ˫Ŀ΢
ڻع磬ҲǱڴ
ʱһζ齻̸󣬴󲿷鶼ʵٲĻյ£ȴҲûбֳ
ʼɡһ̤ߴ
Ŀ⴩͸磬򳬼ڵ磬ķתȻģֻҪһͻı䡣
ĺģ
Ҫع飬ǰƵ磬ⲻǷܰ쵽ģһĴ絯ߣκһʥҲ޷ƶ磬˵ļ𣬻ڶ֮ϡ
Ҫģǵ硣
ؾڣ󻺻ת汻ס磬Ҳ¶ǣ߲ʹĻֵһȥعԭɫʡ
˿գȴһ̵ĵ
һ߲ȥ
¡~
ֺޱߵĴᴩһʱס磬أеųޱҫ۵ĹâڵŴĳ
óȻ磬̾ͻҷǴų⡣
ʥڻҲᱻѹʱ䳤ˣҲˣΨնڲͬȥ硣
Ҳһģ˿̣Ҳͬųͳ
ңûг׸ڴĳ£ûеڶ·ߣˣҲûпܻع硣
ţޱ޼ʵᴩųನɢݳȥ˺ա
ڷȫעĿ£ڣƽڴĳУס˾ƣţܱ˳ܵĴס磬˾޴ı仯
⻹Ľڳȥһ̣ͻᴩ磬һоԻ
Ӵ˿𣬴ѹԽԽգ糹С
һ
ı磬һһϦ£»صĻ



1905 
ع飬˵Ǻ֪ôһ£ǣϵʥԣȴǾ춯һ㡣
ȶΪӴ󣬸Ӹ߼磬ڰеƣǵע⡣
һĿ⣬ԵͶҪŪôһ£ֵҪͷݲðҪǰѪսȴ˾䣬Ǳ֮ʼ
ǵߣֱǿߴķʱŷ
һǿӰٷؾŲһͿԽ˱˴˾룬磬ֳò
ʦ𡣡
ٵӰȻǵ𣬶һڵı𣬻Եȹ̾ƣܾؽ磬Ƕʱ뿪ȴû⣬սҲͶС
磿Ŀɨ磬Ȼ
ϵ֮棬߸֪ʱûбܿ˵һ֪Ҳ֪ĵ֮һʲôʱһ̣ȴҲǲ֪
˵ͷָᵯĽ˳С
֪ҲΪʥϾôĶŪĻûܷġ֮ѹ磬޵УʥʹǣȴҲⷢǷ֮ʦȴȹǡ
Ҫ˵أݱ䣬£̻㸲֮Σλն֮ǰӦ֮ܽ˽飬ȴҪ꣬ܲԵս
ݱ䣬ڷ£϶µģ׵ܴųͳģ
Ҳȵıʣ֮УȲʥȴҲʵʧǰ£߳磬ս
̫ˡϲɫǵѹǳսȻܻһ
飬ʮ֮࣬ǵļ룬һǿļŤתս֡
ʦ֪壬ʮ顣
ЩȻڶ࣬ʵǿ󣬿̫ãĲһǣҲָ̫ࡣɫȻ֣ҪָЩʥηΪսȴҲѡ
ҲָǣֻҪŹһʱվС
ĵ̣Ҳ̫Цˣʥǲ˲ǣϣں˵ϡ
ʮ꣬֪˶Ҳ֪˶λ
ЩλϵģһûУʹǺųԴԶԪһϵʷҲ꣬ЩԻ͵ϵս֮Уߺ˲Ф˼̳Уټֵ֣λޣö֮СϵȻʹеϵϸ棬ǽ쿴飬ֻôЩ
΢΢Ц
Խ˵һεȹ㲩ôѧˣϵУʵϣʷϣƵǽϵʮ֮࣬ȫĽһϵֻǣ˵Ľ˰ˡ
ǣȴûУЩϵ⣬ȴ֮Уֵ֣֧λޣҵ£ЩϵȴȫؼգֻҪѧλܼ̳λΪµ顣
ļֵĵ̡
ܣҲõֺ󣬲һˣҲǴ󾪡
湲жλɼ̳Уʵ
֮Ц
ôࡣһѾʥ
˳£չ£ϵѡ̾λȻҲǧѣϵվǼ򵥲٣ʮʷҲ
ʵϣ룬ֹһ֮أ罻ĻλҪϺü
˵Ҫǲ磬жԸ·أʱ򣬿֮С
ʥչǲͬġ
δɾҲȻƣع飬ȫЩҪһѶҲҪʥ󣬸˵ִ֣֮ʹˡ
ʦ֪ͨŽˣѡϸʮطѡ̳λһὫλмصĹϵгٶȣΪ顣
áͷ
˵Ÿֱ׶ˣɴ֮£Ըһ·ģȴ٣ЩˣȻֵΡ
ǵؽ֮⣬Žдڴ˽磬ȻʮĿȫǣͬһԴҪĻͥȴҲףҿЩλʮ仯ܱʮطٶȼ̳Уʮ꣬ܳɾ飬ʣٶλ޷һˡ
Ϊ飬ȳΪʥ׵Ķ࣬ҲԶԵġ
ˣʹһϵҪ̳λҲǼΪѣзָ㣬ͬڿңϵͬٶϵϴ󣬱ˣѶҲҪϺü
²˳٣ȥ졣վ뿪磬Ϣ֪ͨʥ
ͻħսڻħ񺷲ηĹ£ڽڰˣر֧£ʮλսǿס˾ƣʮ󣬸ļ룬ʹսֳȹ̣罫սǰƣԶ˱
ݱ֮ʣ¾Ҳڵˡ



1906 ս
ԵݱսͻȻƽϢƴĻħһʧµȺҲȥ
ͺⳡǧ֮õսߵ˾ͷһ㡣
ǣԵʥǣȴû¶κϲɫ鷴øԼ
ħǳˣȴܰӴܣȻǽжȣûǶٻᣬʱܾһĻҲʥףΪҵսҪˡ
ڣҪˡ̾Ϣһ
Ŀ⴩͸Ե˻һɿֲϢȻ١
ʱ̣ˡ

޾磬ħǾۻĴ½һħڴˣӭӵ¾
ѻħȻվħǵǰ
ħԲħվħǵĽ䣬ĿĻܡ
ǰĸҶ֣Բħ
ǺǣΪ˲ڻңûбѡ񡣡ħЦ
ӸõϢħƲһħ񣬲Ըܵ¾ʹ˽Ҫ¾֮ʱͻȻ֣ʹɱ˶ԷҲҪ֮ش˵ء
Ⲣǲܡ
һֱħǶֵĺ˳ӣ͵ȴûϵĹȻΥ棬ԶԷ
ټϣħҲ׸ġ
ħ֮½ϣħħ֮ر𣬿ǣնͺϵĲ࣬ȴûôնǺǿȴǰ㣬ħħ࣬ǿ񿹺ġ
ħǶǸ߸ϣȺһλԸ⽫Լ˵ġ
ˣ˽зͷҲ
ΪأҲûһֱħԲħ񣬿ħֲ֪˶ϼһȴƾ˿ǵͼ
ϧǸ֪жǿ󡣡ħЦЩħ̫ᣬƬѾ̫ûˣʹԶԶ͹նǿ
֣˫һѵĻлᣬڡħҡҡͷ
ħǣǲֵģ˫߱εĻħѡʱ¾ʱ򣬱ͱӣҲлģЩħȻСǿ
ô˾뺳ЦſϷɡħ
ӭ¾񡣡ͻȻѻħȰݵħں󣬻УǿΪ𣬲ĵǺͷ϶ǹ
һӰԶߵ˴½ϣǿѹħ
ʱħǾķ֣ϵҲζţǵʵ͡
¾ĴڣȻڴ֮ϣ˺˴
ն
Ļô֮أͳ磬ס
ħ̧ͷ¾
Ͽ¾źܴ֮ΨжͷһޱȵĶǣ˵ȺĲͬ
ڳħǱ¾ƵС˶ף˭ľˡ
ˡѻħϲǰ¾㱨ЩߵעҲ鱨ʵ
ʱ
֡һȶȻ𣬴Ӹ򣬶ʮħͻȻȫ֣˺޷¾
ѻħʧɫ󵨡
ֹ³ͻȻҲסһħ񣬵Ҫ֮ʱȴеһ޿ƥеѹס޷ѻħɻ̧ͷȴֻ¾УŲпĹâ
ѻħûжħӦ¾ƺסˣͻϮħǾϲۿžҪ֮ʣһڹ¾ӿǵĹţʮħҲϯ˽ȥ
ڹӿţ洫иԼħĲҽкġ
Ȼ¾ɫȴûκα仯ûãڹƽϢص¾ڣħײϳʡ
תۼ䣬ʮħ񣬾ͱ¾
ǿǿħɫҰףĿ־壬¾񣬱лҪǿ
ħҲ
¾񿪿ˣ͸˳ǵĺ⣺̳̤ƽ硣
ǡ
ħǲţȥ

ʼˡ
վһ̤ԽңԶľ룬߽磬ţԵ
Щ֣ʹݱǳ˳Ȼݱ仹ԶûнڷŬ£ѾҪʱ磬ʱ뿪⣬ܲ뵽һսС

ۡ
һʥۼԷΪģǶ棬ħǴӵ¾񻺻֣ǿߺͻ壬Եɱһ
ս



1907 ңϣ
ޱߣκһΪսȥǧħҲǴ˷Ľ
ξսȴһеĻħ񶼾ۼһ
ǵĿ̤꣬ƽ磬ƱҪɱȥġ
Եսûʲô˫Ĵ࣬һս磬ʥ̾ƣ˲ĳǿĻħ񣬸ơ
ˣûзֱۼһ
ɱ~
ûнûȰһһս˵棬˫תɱһǧսĳޣҲ޷⡣
һλλʥͻħɱһⳡսĻ
ֲޱȵನ˷޾йţ;һУԵͱ˫Ŀһ
ߣܺˣⲻǱ԰Ϊħߣ¾ĲпѹҲǲκζģóȫ죬ҲʹãսĲԶǰκһս
̼䣬λħʥ䣬֣Ѹš
ûж˴پ춯أҲûпһۣȫעڶնϡ
һսؼλնϣûжԷħǵвΪ壬ˣԷҲᶯ
ǷеˣҲûж֡
ʥڻħ֮ϣһնȴκһܵġ
ߵǿߣԷΪףվһ¾
ؽǷ͵ִնɽĳǽȻȻûʥֵ£ȻִΪǿߡ
Ǳߣʣڣÿʱÿ̶ṩ޾ͽ࣬Ҳִƣִ߱Ϊʡ
ԪǱߣλʥ˽̤ԱߣһλŮӣûִȴΪԪʥȫΪԪʥʵ˿ʥ֮¡
һϣһλʥĬȻԼ磬Ĵ󶥼֮ǿߡ
ЩˣʵԽͨʥǸǿߣ㷽ĻԪȻˣǿ磬ޱȡ
ʱ߸κһ˶µʥȴȫصĿ¾
նȫʥ֮ϵĳڡ
ģҲΪƾԼһ˻նĶ֡
¾֪ιʣûж֣ҲһʹսֹĽߣʵϾڻħ֮ϣʹûж֣ҲռϷ磬ģսֿʼб
~
ڣĮŻħȥ¾ˣ̤գ˺Ŵŷ
ʥͻħսನֱӱĺڹɣͻȻڹⱩǣ;λʥͻħ˽ȥ洫иתۼ䣬Ļħʥˡ
¾΢беĲп֮ɫƺɱ¾ʮá
㲻ֵҵɱ¾ȴŻ˽ս˫ʥͻħ񣬲ԼͬĳԶȥԸ⿿ֲڡ
Դˣ¾ɫ䣬ûȥ׷ϣ·ϣ·ߵֻһ㣬벻⡣
ÿµļһһ
ͨնʥɫޱȣǵʦնˣնһ֪¾һ֣о״졣
йžޱȣۿ¾ԽԽͺһ֡
׼ĵˣ˹Ǻ͵ǣȫ֡
Ľƣִ罣һնΪһ˺ѵصĽ⣬ƺȻǹ˵ˣն¾
˺ֱֲ֮˼㣬˵֮ǿԶͨʥ
սϵɱ˲䱻ѹȥƺֻʣ˺֮⣬˵ע⡣
¾۾΢Уˮĺڹӿء
˵һӴڹ⣬ʱʯ󺣣ڹҲţǵȻʱնĽȴȻڵ˲ٺڹ֮ʱӲ˺˺ڹ⡣
һĻеĻħǵһǿǵãڹ⽫ʮλħɣȴնɼԷ֮жǿ
ʥǣͿն˺ڹ⣬ȴһָס׾ٵ˽⡣
¾ĿָϣһۺȻһѪ
˼˼ָϵ˺ۣתֺϣ¾еĲпԽԽǿң̧ͷŷ·ڿһֻ
ˡ
һͷҲصȥˣսеʥ飬׼һ㣬Ѹս硣



1908 ң£
ʥǳ˵쳣ûħǴֲǧ˫սΣǴã򲻵Ѿ˱ãĻˡ
⧲£ûܲס֣϶绷ļɵ˶ȥ
ħĿ⣬¾
׷
¾Ϊ⣬һһ磬УΪ̤ƽ磬Ȼֹڴˡ

û뵽¾Ȼ֮ǿ̾Ϣ¾һ֣ǾͲ˶Է˼ǿʥ֮ϡ
ЩսҲ֪λնš
ʥҡͷӵ
˵ɫޱȵء
λԶն׼һҲΪһ׼ƶֲԺͷ
λնʵǿܱ˵£ͰսԵپսƻУǾͰս磬ǿơ
ǲϣ¾񲻹ǿϡ
Եڶ磬ͱߣٳһӴޱȵս
һսҪԴ֮ˣҪ׼Ųߵ磬Ųߡ
Ѿȥˡͷ
ʥսεȲңֻε˺ǣһȴ޿ɱ⣬Ҳֻܾƻ
Դ֮ء
ԴҲҪĵطͬʱҲǷǿڣǷĿеս
ħǽܵѹƣңǼλαնҲܳˡ
ʥȥڣûһλնʣµĶαն
Щαնʵʥ֮ϣǣȴն
ֵ֮ʣЩ˲Ӧӣȴûг֣Ǻͷʲôìܣľޡ
ǺϵնƵġ
αննǵ翪֮ʱޱƾãûնǰȻǹӲдҡҷ𣬴Ľ׶Σޡ
磬նԭ
¾ն˾ԵãԣŻսϣΪƳһԵС

̤磬ħ˷֮࣬ޱȵܡ
ϣǵʱ޿̵ѹǡ
ʥٴγ֣׻ǣϧǰһλ޿ƥеն
Ϊ˲ʥǸƣħûзɢƻ
ڽһ̣¾Ŀ⣬Դ֮ڵλã¶ϲ֮ɫ
ܸоڤڤеĲƺʲô𣬴սᵽ
ΨиһΪϵףһ
ҵĶ
¾֪ĩϢľ磬ȴϡӦʲôޱȿµĻڵ
ʱգĩĽŲѾţдڶΪһƴ
ַΧƶ£ǿߵĳٶȣԶԶǰ֮ɱҲӲң
ɱȥָԴ֮صķ¾Ⱥš
ħǺȻӦŵ
ڷ˵Ĵ£ʥǳ֣סħǵȥ·˫սһÿʱỵ̈˫ȥȻ¾Ĵ£Ǹסڽڰˡ
ͨԴ֮صĵ·¾Ӳ˺ھԵǰԴֳ֮
ħǿţԴ֮ʱͻȻһ޴󷨱ȻֵҵĽ˶˽ȥ
ˣŴ󣬹ħǣϰ˵ʥҲǺȻɱ롣
ԤıѾõľɱ
ħǵų⣬Ѿһٽ磬˳ȻȲϷؾһȴҲɱ˫ʥķˣָħǸֵס׷䡣
ս˲תֻҪɱЩħܼһΧ¾
ԭǾֶΣҾͷˡӴ봫һ̣Ѿ״г׾ٵ˺˴¾ǰ
ŲпޱȵĹâ
һֱǳСΪߣɵ㡣
Ȼʷ¾磬޾е飬ȻޱǿĴ򣬶ΧһλնûУƺ֤㡣
ˣʹħǹ򣬺вΪӪΪԷһ
ڣˡ
޿ƥе¾ɢһ̣·ڻζţл£Զȼ綼ȼΧħʥ飬ֱӾͱնɱһգѪӯ񷡣



1909 һ޻
¾ıսһӲҵ˼㡣
ʥ黹ħֻҪĽģ¾һգȫħǵ飬Ȼڿ͸ʵ¾Ѿη壬ﻹЩ䵱ڻҵħ
Щʥħ񣬽ܵನ׵ķˣʧء
ʡʥԪʥֱӱնɱʥǿˣ˲˽һ롣
ӹһٵķˣҲش¾һǰɢķ
¾ʵ֮ǿǳԤϣԶһնɱȣնеǿߣ൱ʥеĵһ±Ԥϡ

ŭԴ֮شλԴ֮صڣλǿĴڷ˳ɱ¾
Ƕαն׼¾̤Դ֮صʱųֵģǣڿʧأ㸲ڼʱҲ̲סһеĺŭ֡
ǺͷԼǵͷ˲ûףϲơ
дڵǣΪ۳֣罫𣬲ûһ˺ڡ
αն㲻նչҲʥ֮ϵģǺޱ֮ʱÿһ˵Խ˺ķˡ
ǣûá
¾ӶžУ㣬ǴԴ֮أصײڴϡ
ǣ̫ˡ¾Цһնǰǲһοαն
ȻԴ֮أһ޷ɱǣȴҲ赲ԼֻҪǿʥ𣬾ܻ硣
˵ƣھԵǰȴɨ

~
һĵصѹֻе¾ʹޱȣ¾һɳȥԶսǰ׹硣
Ǵȥһǵ˷ֵ£Ѿˡ
Ŵӵص׳ڿٻظţǣȴ˾
׹磬ΪսϽֱӾͱһ˲価籾ҲΪȼյǳųĹâ
ˣˡ
ţ磬ںڰУΧһȼŵ硣
ȥ綼ȼһаҽС

ۣ˭Ⱦǡ
ҲҲ

һҽӿ뷽Ժƺ飬Ǵ˿̵ʹ
Ȼʲôˡ
λαնǱƤɣгԹһеȼԼ¾һϤ˱¾
Ϊʲô
ĵľ÷ʧǣΪһ׼֮ãھԵǰȴ塣
磬Ҫ
ޱʹԼΪʲôͻƲնΪʲôӵиǿ
ûһ̣ڸϣӵǿػ磬ػˡ
ǿҵ㣬Ҳ⵽־£ڽӴˣһǿ
Ϊػ
ʥ֮
һаҽеˣͻȻͣǸоʹʧһգůİ׹ɢɢǵʹ࣬ڰ׹ģȴһѹӵĳ
ʥ֮
ʥ֮ûı壬ÿһС
ػҲһ־սʤ࣬ľʱӵ־ˣܻػ
ɢޱҫ۵ĹâУҲһʥֳ֮ɵ˷ǰ
ʥֵ֮ʱ򣬷ҲһС
ʥ֮նɽɱ˫¾ħնڽ£ĺպʹڶˣȻǽ
ʥ֮ͬǿػ磬ܿܿ
ֻǣնɽʥ֮ʥܼԦģնɽˣ˵ʥ֮ҪӶػ֮ͱ븶صĴۡ
ۣ
һˡ
ûκλ⣬֣סʥ֮
޷ӷȴûиκƻ
ڷסʥ֮һ̣¾͵ضסɲڵλãţͷһŵĹֽС
ţԼΪϵķȻ޴Ŀ־Ͳ
¾ִڣӦĩͬģԼΣޱȵУʱ˿̣͸ӦˣԼΣڵϦӰһͷϡ
ӡ
ԺĵһͷܣٺãҲûҪڹ뷨˰ɣ¾ڰ׹еķǴ磬˺
¾̾ܣǣӵȴӦ˹
ػİ׹⣬ҲӿȻⲻ¾ȴףζʲô
ʥ֮ʥ֮Ӿϲ
ʹ翪֮ʱʥ֮ûжüΣǸʱպյնɽ緢չڣػʥ֮ǰδеǿ
סӳ硣
ӵ˺ס¾񣬷Ͱ׷ˡ
ǷȼԼʹһ̾ͻȥҲȫˣͬôģвдʥ顣
¾Ҫˡ
ȫû뵽̬ᷢչһûκ˷λαնƽʱֶܴ򷢣֮ҵһһ룬Χħģ˿Ҳܣ˲ϰ赲
ҹ
òףʥǵķأ¾񲻹ϵǱһѪϱֲкĴۣٶȱóĿ죬ۿţҪɳ硣
ʱӳеʥ֮
ҫ۵Ľ⣬˺˴ԽʱͿռ䣬׷ݵ¾ŭУֵħǣҲµĻѩѸڡ
ڼ߼Զλãܿһҫ۵İ׹⣬ڳ˺ѴƲɵĲ֪˶ԶŽ
һ޻ڡ
ʥ֮ɢȥ޾ĺڰ



1910 һ
ˡ
ޱȲҵһսڽˣʤģ硣
ĵܿ˴еҺͿϲһ㣬Ǿˡ
ȵȣ¾ûͻȻʥɫ䡣
ԣҲǷ׷ɫ䣬æıԵ¾׷ϵġ
ֻﲻУһӰ¶¾
ϵϢȻǿޱȣǱȫʢ֮ʱȴ˥˲֪٣¸ǼңһֲĽ۹ᴩ壬㽫һΪɼһ֮նɱ
ǣվǲһ㡣
¾Ͼնһնеǿߣôɱģչ鲻նΪۻӳһҲش¾
һġ
¾ûͣ뿪磬˻磬õ׷֮ʹ׷ˣҲδɱ˶Է뿪֮ʣ¾ͷĿ⣬һ
ɱġ
һսȻܴɣǱش¾Ҳĵϸģ´ξ֮ʱ֮ա
ʱڣһΪ֮Ϣ𣬵ɫ䣬æȥֻһӰӷؾ̤һУǽеնɽʱзɳӰơ
ɵնննҡ
һ˴𡢴ĽȻ׷ҪӶݵ¾
նⲻܡ¾˫ĿԲɣ𽣹֮ʹȫʢʱڣҲҪСӦԣοڣֻĿڵûκηأֱӱնɱ
նɱ¾ӰòҲֳ
ǣǽûмˣϾͬһʱģʥȴϳ˶Է
ˡ̾Ϣһ
ڳڱչأնȻ粻Ųʣǣ¾ĵ֮ҲӦ
ܶ档
֮ʣն֮淢ңһеĳڳɹնֻǣȴһΪβ
һڷڵλá
ô˿ҲǼæ
գһϢѸȥ
ֹĵ֣Ȼ飬ȥ䡣
֮ʹնҲҪ޲ߡ
˸޿κΡ
ֻǣҲֻһˡҡҡͷĺޣҪԼ
ҪôϢȥҪôԡն
˵пͻƵն۾һæ׷ʡ
ԣ츳ԶҳɫһնżҲ˲λ񣬲Ӷʥ֮Ĵʵ̫ˣܲס½ݡ͵
˷׷׵ͷ
˵ʵûһȻ֮ϲˣҲʲôֻڴȻ
º˿ʼ
һսȻֵħȴҲ˼صĴۡ
ʥ飬һ롣
λαնľþһһ
̩类Լ
ⳡսʤȰܡ
ȻҲ˵ʹһ겻ˣǻλնǿƹλαնֲʧһλնֻҪĲ¾һĴڣԱġ
ʥУ󲿷飬Ҳĵ֮һǿޱȣӲǱסЩһûг䣬ʧȥλ
ڣЩλܱܿµռݡ
ؽᣬչûôǿ󣬱סնɱʥȻǸб֮ȴҲûô̫ˡ
Ҳûа취£ͷ⣬ܻ
ٵ࣬ɴǵȼߵ磬ЩȼߵģǱǿģ˸ؾһ٣¾Ȼǿ󣬿ɸܵģչЩನؾȻû⡣
˴磬ͱתؾڳ󱣻£ûκΣա
Σ翪ʼϢʱ翪ٵʱҪôʱָĩ֮ǰ綼ڱǱܣƶ鲻ǰǴ֮ò˶ָܻ꣬ɹۡ
ָƽⷽǴŷ壬ص˲˴硣



1911 Ǩ
ƲԹƼתۼ䣬͹ȥһǧꡣ
ؽ硣
һ۸ٷţһһվϣ·Ĵء
ȻڿȥʮֻǣڲõĽȻɵؽ緱ʢһ򡣡߸п˵ⶼΪһλʥ￪硣
ʥĵ򣬺ûʥĵȫ֮
δǰμ䣬ϣΪǼǱһӿĴʱŬδûһ֮λĿܡ߶
깧Ӧǡ
үү˵ʱ伫ֻ̣һ꣬²ʷʥų֮ɫ
һꡭ̾˿Դħһսͽ˸ٷչĴʱǿƣԶԶǰ˭뵽ʥĵףǸʱ򣬰ܵһλʥѵˡ
ͻȻͻƼ죬Զλʥȴʷʥʦۡ
ֻۣ֪档ҡͷ
֪ʲôΪػģûҲûǵĴڡߺǳֻǿģȴûôȥ
ϾѾǹȥˡ
ͻΪն󣬻ͱΪ棬֮ѹ磬Ϊ
ƺǱٻľ̼磬ս̽˴ʱһλʥͥͻƿʼʱĻ
һǧ꣬λʥһͥһǽһλƷۣһˣڲǰɹϵ
ô̵ʱڣ˶ʥǰǲģǣ֪Ļ棬˵ȴܽܡ
ķչޱѸ͡
ٶλһ϶飬ʤս֮ǰ·ͱʥ֮·ߡ
ʥ֮£֮Զ
һʱȺ貣Ŀ죬ĸ졭
˵ˣͶ࿴˵еˡߵ

⴦ĵش룬Ⱥţɽţպͻ졣
һۣ˷ԵؽҲġ
صıͣ˽ӴȴĹԽӴһλĿˡ
ʦ֡
ʦܣû뵽ǵǰͷƷζеЩӡ
Ҳ㣬ЦҲռǰĹˣҿʦ㣬ʥҲԶˡ
ʱգ;ǰļ䣬ǰǰǽڵ˸Ϊ
ʣ;ޱȣת֮һ㣬ʱ;ϣԽ˷㷽ãΪλʥ
ûǣ磬ΪĵͱʥͬңʱҲҪǣҪӭ¾вڴˣȴһͻΪʥԳһҲ֮С
ĻЦЦܸܲ׶
ȻûͻƣȴҲֻһˣǰһпҲ粻ȥʱģż
ˣʦôʵ
ӡҡҡͷ
˵˵Щ䣬ôȥһǧ꣬Ҳͽʵˡ
һûκζǻһ˿Ϣд棬ѱΪˣ״̬ǧδ䡣
˵Щˣվϲ֮գҲʮοЦ
һᣬҪǷ̣ΪʦҲûʲôŲӵΣȻߵĵ·ͬȴҲн֮Ҳûκһ̸ࡣ
ǰصˣûʥʥ֮𣬺ٻԵǲ˵Ϻ
ҲûҪԽӴģͺͷһ𣬺ܿ죬͵ա
ʱ䵽ˡڹ
֪ʱ򡣡ʧЦʦ֣һȥɡ
վǷȴԭأһ¶𾪿ϲ֮ɫ
ţȻ
ˣˣǣϢˡѹϲ񣬶Щ״ˡ
ڸղţڲ˴ķ⣬Ϣ
ʲô󾪣žתΪϲߣȥ
˵꣬Ҳ㷴ӦֱӾһ̤˵ؽ磬ʲô䣬ʲô죬Ժ
ϢҲһʱ䴫˵߲ҵ̸˴磬˫ͬʱ
òŷܣ͵һʱͿ˷ı仯
һȥǧǰһǣԽԽǿϢӿ
Ǳ֮˵״
Ҫˡ
һʥĿ⣬׷ͶϲҲиӡ
ϢԼٶ׳ţܿ죬˴綼ζ׳ϢûκֹͣļƫƫˣԴڻԲѡ
ã˴ԶԶܲס׵Ϣɫ䡣
ȥؾҪ˵ͻȻڼ˶
ͻնؾڵĳõڣܵš˵
ԣˣʱû˷ԵͷͻƵġ
֣𣬴˷ؾһƫƧĴڡ
ˣҸʲôʱȻûѼķ̲סʵ
Ҳ֪ҡͷ
նͻƣ޷ʱһ˲ͳɹնҲпǧꡣ
նҲǲ֪˶꣬¾Ĵ̼£ųɹն
޷ԤƣҪʱ䡣
÷˷ĵǣն֮·ͻ治ͬûǰա·ڵķѾΣͿʲôʱɹն߹ˡ



1912 
û뿪
ǾڸĴŷϵϢ仯
ǵĸ֪ϢԽԽǿ󣬽ģҲ΢΢ζؿѣԼЩ֧Ųס
ƫƧ磬ܵȼڲ˴֮ϣȴԶ磬ʹгѹҲԳܷ
ҪҪѷסҵǸ磿ü
ΪѹסϢû뵽ʵ̫ǿˣǵչصĻܱȵġ
ڵڶ磬ѾȻÿǣ⣬뵽˵סڶʥǸ磬ȻޱȣɵȼȴǼߣӦܹɷ
¡
û٣ʵ;磬ĿڳڳҲûʲô
ʱ׳ϢƺǵһޣͻȻ˥һ˥䵽ס
ô£˴󾪣Ҳס̽ǸƫƧ磬ֻƺָԭûκ
ǣϸܵĻȴܷ֣Ϣǻ׳׳ķȣ֮ǰȴҪࡣ
ס
һӰȻڵ˸ȻǻˣȻϵı仯Ԥϡ
ʲôնü
ԣ˿ȻϵϢ仯Ӧúնйأǳʲô⡣
ͬˣնҲͬ
棬ǻӽԼննң
ʥնԭΪѡеһԸı䣬Աʺû뵽ȴǽȻ֪ͬûһնı仯
һεϢ仯ֹ˷˵ѯʣ
պ
Ϣ׳˼ޣͻȻ˥䣬ͷʼ
һΣȫע۲ŷϢ仯仯ŷ˵Ŀ⣬ҡҡͷеüĿˣٿһΡ
Ϣ仯󣬷Ϣ׳󣬸ӵĻ
һº󣬲ӭ˵Ϣ仯
㣬ƺһС
ԭˣԭˡ
ˣæʵ
㸸׵նڲͬ΢ЦϢı仯ΪֳһͶ޾磬Щǿ󣬵ȵǻع֮գ㸸ն֮ʱ
ʲôննҲǿһ̶Ⱥ󣬴ҲסȻȻնɹ
Ҵ۽磬նҲֻˡ
̾ѡ
ʥϵ󣬹ȻǿޱȣȴҲܵ˴£ʥʵѣҵһ̶Ⱥ󣬾ǰһ
ʥ޲ˣϵնѡ
ʥΪ٣նʼֻô
ʥѧķΪϣֳܷôһܲǿķ
ȴһֲںϣ֮ʱ;߱ննɱ¾ʱǽһ˺ѣˣڲֳܷһձǰδеǿ
ƶǶҪҪҵ׵ķ
ȻʧЦ㸸ʲôЩȥ򣬾Ҷ׷٣οˡ
Ū˷Ҳ͸һ䡣
㻹Ҫȥ죬ҲعǣͷػͬʱһаõϢлѩˡ

磬СɽһӤ׹أĴ磬ѩɽɣ߻ħ۾޾磬һֻɫħͻȻһи⡭
ʱһȥ
Ӥ󣬱һߴ꣬һϯɽ壬Ҳ߳˳֮ء
ѩɽɣѸٳɳţȴĬĬ
޾磬ɫħŻ

ꡢꡢħǱķǶһͬ㣬ǳϡ
һһ⣬
ǵУ𣬳֮һԷ˼ٶȳɳţȻ˭ĬĬ
˼Ҷҡ
մ򷨲֡
Ȼʣһ콾ݺΪ˾ȻĿ֮⣬Ǿɳţ·ͬ硣
ʱţǧһ˲һҲǽ˼ޣʥʤʥ
һա
¶Цݣԭҡ
΢Цҡ
ɫħЦһҡ

һع飬ϢͣԽ˼ޣԼоһĴڽ䡣
˲ͱѣ۾
һˡ



1913 
ͻһ̣ڣ͵վ
ĸӦһ˲䵮ĿֲϢǿ󣬾ܽһҲӡޱ̡
ѵ˵΢̳ŷڵλȥȴûпӰ䣬Ϥ

סϲתͷͿ֪ʱԣȴǺ
ͻƺķû¾ǰĿ¸оʱ˺ŴҲûлǰƣȫϢȥͳ죬ѴĿֲƺһ㡣
ʣֻϵľ磬ָһ㡣
ʵϣڵķԣ淨ͲǶˣΪһ壬ȫΪ淨ǰߵķ룬ٳԼĵ·
ʥҲԶˡۼķ⣬ĵ˵ͷһ۾Ϳ˷ʱľ硣
͸ȲԶˣǧǰͺϵɹʦܳΪʥ֮ǰյĽȻҲǳ죬Ǻͷȴ˲١
Ŀɨ磬ת۾ͶϤһС
һʱ̾ǰȣµʥʮλ֮࣬λȫˣµλٳ
ʱ仯֮죬ǿ֮࣬ԶԶȴøӵĿ⣬һУƽ
ϵն֮
Щ־ƶ£ٽǿߣȱҲԽ󣬽Ҫϼѡ
ǻԵɺϣҲ޷ն
ĩ֮ʱµնĿܣ΢΢
㡢㡢˺ܿ˹ʥ飬Ҳ׷׵أֵһλµնԣһ¡
뿪󣬷͵һ
û뵽ڳɳʦһˡǸпǽ
޷նɵУȴһλնõһˣҲٹ⡣
΢΢һЦ
ȻҲնȴն۷壬նģͬն
ʦǣ绹жԶʵ
洫Ѷ棬һ¾սţ˯ͻƣֹȥ˼ǧ꣬񣬵ԲӰûлع顣
ʦǾ磬ǳǳԶҡҡͷң·ϣҲһ˳Ҳżᱻһʱ޷ǧǰʦλ磬ʦҲ˽ȥòײųɹû䡣Ϊ·δ֪Σգǻعʱգ޷ԤϣҺãͻ档
˵ͷ
Ҳֻʣûаϣڵϡ
ҪȹĩΪǿߣҲҪףǣûһףʥ棬ҲϣãҪǣͲʵ
նյ㣬µ㣬Զֹǰ
˵һȴǳһ߷֮ϣȴŷ
ǰȥһ񣬶ûжܣһ˶һۣһоڲС
Ϊ֮ԴԻ棬Էаʦ֮֮⣬ƽȵġ汣ס˷ܹûк֮ǵͻƣûзĻڻҲǲڵġ
Ȳ˵ûзӣܲ˳ͻƣʹɹոͻƵҲ¾Ķ֣ûзƴһûش¾ԻոͻƵʵס磬ѱ
ܳɹͻƣٺò˵⻰˵ʵ⡣
ĩߵȻԽԽá
Щ꣬Σգֱʵ
⻰һʵ˹ؼϡ
ڵޱȷʢǿƣϵĳɹҲǴΪΪǰδеĻƽʢ
һжɳ̲ϵĳǱ
Ϊɵһ¾񣬾͸ˣ
ûлͱüˡ
һսΧеȺʧأһǼƬĻ御𣬿ǣĵˣֹΧһƬ򡣡浭⼸ǧȺһλնشһλλ
ԽԵѹҲԽٲͻƣҺѽֹ֮⡣
Щս޾Уˣ˶֪ˣҲֻԼ֪Ͳεˡ
֪һսһȼ籾ǰĴʢ̾ͻһ
ĩԽԽԵսҲԽ󡣡̾գһȥ򿴿Ҳܸǰľơ



1914 
˴硣
ž˼պ󣬷ûмǰ޾磬˸ĵط
ܸӦԼڵһޱȵĹâƺһ㣬ӿţֳ档
νնǴӴͬʱΪԴͷ
ŹâǴ֮Դ
նĽϵһ״̬ӱϿƺͺϵ֮ǰ࣬ϵ֮ҪնϵһȫǶһƵġ
ʵϣȴˡ
նǵĴӴ룬Ҫ֪ʥϣֺϵǱϵģ߱Ϊһ壬Ͳķ룬ˣնɹǴ̺һִģ֮شָĴڡ
Ǵ֮Դ
˴֮ԴննǼλαն֮αնΪڷʱûγɴ֮Դ
֮ԴԴͷ𽥳ɳճΪʱ򣬾ˡ
׵ĵ·ĳڷǰȻ·Ҳ쳣ߣʥڣȫûߵͷոնվˣڵĴ֮ԴľֻǸԴͷ
Ŵ֮Դγɣһشзϵڣǵ޻ǽޣһУն֮ʱΪ֣γ˴֮Դ
ͬն֮ͬԴҲԡ
޼᲻ݡ򷨲֡󡭡
ſԴ֮ԴôڵĴ̾ͻᱻѹƣʥͻӦϵѸٱͺ˺һ㡣
¾ǵĸоȻԶû¾Ǿ磬ˣ˵ĸоҲôǿҡ
ѹƣ˺ѡ
ն˺ڵشģֻ֮ܽѹƣʥ˵ɵЧ޼ȴбʵ
֮أףס
ϵʱǱѹƣһնǷѹƴˣԣնλ磬Լ
֪ĩǰûлᣬô֮ԴɳΪ֮Ϊס
һȻǳ˲˴磬תۼ䣬뿪磬޾磬⻹һ̤硣
ڵĴ֮Դתţûаܵѹĸоѹ˻
Դ仯쳣ʥħ񣬶ܸźԶӦı仯ˣǺ֪¾ĵ
һ޾磬ܱߵܸӦħ񣬶ǷҲƵӴܡ
ħ񣬼˴ЩȻָȴԶԶ磬ҲûֻС㡣
λ磬ȥ硣
ͻȻһعȥ磬ʱѾԶԶ뿪磬޾硣
ӷڵλȻǰӴףܹ۵ס
һʵĹԣϡ
նӽǣʥͬ
ŷԶ룬磬ԽԽСɢĹȴԽԽʢ
ڣͣڰޱ޼ʵĻ磬ͬһҹ󺣣룬һ貵飬ɢҫ۵Ĺԡ
磬޾еһ顣૵
·ȥһ̣ĬȻ
ԴͷɢĹԣ磬ֻԶˣܿ壬ĽˣȴֻܿâҲֻзˣ֪ʲô
ص磬ȥ˻档
㿴ˣԷĵûκ⡣
飬ԼĸӦ飬ȷе˵ǶԴ֮Դ
̾˿Ӧ֪նĵ·ˣ޾п磬ҲòµˡûһԴͷ磬һ磬ҲΪ޾е顣
ն˵Ǵ֮֮֮Դܼƶĳɳ֮·ϣһηԾ
ԣ¾㵲µλնҲˡӿڵ
˵ͷԭ绹ҫ۵Ĺԣʥ뿪֮ʱǽܿһԵĹȫɨһգԲŻ⼸ʮƽǣĩĵ־ڤڤеƶĹԽԽʢҲҲڵס̰ĲǴ˷
ǣңҪԵľ档
ҡҡͷҲףȻնǴ֮Ϊʲôڣ
⣬Ҳ벻ͨԵʱϵ֪ǰ
ǽնͬһĴڡ
֮һЭҲңЭǣ˭ȳΪף˭ں
ʱᱻں磬Ϊ׵磬ܿܿΪǿߵһ



1915 ս
硣
΢ڶǰ˵˵ǣĲϳɳԽԽǿȴʼûмǴ˵е磬Ҳйٲ²⡣
²᲻ʥǰдĳ硣
Ϊʥֲ²Ͳƣ粢û磬ҲѯʹȴҲûеõĴ𰸡
ʱһҲΪǺ͵޵Ĳླһһϵļ£ʵȴڡ
˻ĻŻȻԭ硣
ν磬׵硣
ʹ磬ͲһģͨĴ磬Ƕ磬һ
磬ʥеһ磬ǣȴ磬Ϊûеס
⿪еһɻ󣬷Ҳ̲סпʥı֮
Ϊĩ׼ˡ
Ȼıˣ죬ܲܵһλףδ֪֮δԲȣԼҲôδѲ
ûףеķ⣬ʥǻǰǱס濴˷һۣ
˼İɣҲ׷ѰʥǵĽŲ硣
ʥǽ磬Ϊ֮·ڲԼ
һĵ·ǣȴʺϷͻ棬ĩǰѾûʱȥ·ˡ
ҵĵ·ػжԼǿˣʥ֮ĳѡ
¾ˣΪӶᣬ׳֮ǵĿǷΧڣʥǣȴΪػǵļ԰ǵԴǲ£ػȴĳɳʱһ̣ٳ׽
ȫͬѡ
Ǿͺá˵ͷ˿

նĴ£ûãһʢٰ죬ʥ鶼ء
֮һ쳹磬뽣Ϊ
Ϊն󣬷Ҳ뿪˵ǣҲûпʲô磬ڲ˴磬һ£ڶʥһ٣ҲĲ˴硣
ƿأڷԲѵʱ򣬾ɻִƣִƣת󻯡
նִƣʺϲ
ʹҪҪջȴܾˡ
ն˵ʥһѾû̫ˣûôǿҵƿĶŮӣҲûĵ·ûƿıҪ
һ˵ͻ棬ĸתƶšǵػסƽʢԽԽǿδΪ磬Ҳӵķ

λ̸ţͻȻĿһ
£лѩĲ
š˵ͷʲôصĴ£ȥһ¡
ܿ뿪磬磬Ѿˡ
λնص
ܾǵģȻͬһĴڣڻõ󷨣Ҳǰ˵˵ĵ
һλնڣȴһˡ
ңǰλնǷεģʱȴͬʱݲû治أǷʱͻƣΣڵϦ
һ𣿡ʵ
ţĻ棬һˣٴӱ濴硣
ˮڡ
˶һۣûκǱ󣬾硣
ն֮սȻҪԶĵط
ȻûкϵԴĸӦûô񣬿ǣն̫ǿˣҹе˫ĿҲܲ˴˵Ϣ
ǡɫһ䣬͵ϴαҸܵˣû뵽ô;һλն
΢΢ͷⲻ֡
޷Էش׽֮ʹöԷ֪ﲻǣҪһεսԱġ
˫ܿ档
Ŀȥλն壬Ϊ׵նϰ죬ȴǾ޴βߵնһߴʯˣλȴǽСɫ
޾ԷļʶϲԷȴǽ֣֪λ;͸֪˷
۲ŶԷλնĿ⣬ȴǴӷһɨͽ󲿷עڻϡ

Ϊ֮ԴԣԴѹƣ濴ȥûôǿңԶķâ¶λնһ𣬲ֵùע
ϣǲҪʧ
ûбСŭǳΪնսʮڴ



1916 ȫ
ޱ޼ʵĻУλնΪģΧܸоħ񣬶ǷҲƵӴܣҿ
˫ûжŶá
λ޾бΪħն˲˽
֡
һ겨λն̷ֿʯ˺ɫ˻棬ȴǷ˷
ǵͼҲǷǳ
λնУǿһǱܵλǿԮǿǿ
߳λնȻЩǵԤϣǷȥǳСȴǷǿȽķȻһΧ档
һûκʤ㡣
Լʵò˶ãλնסҲʲô£˵ʤȯգκ⡣
ЩǣȥƺķԼλǿĵˣȴûκλɫвһţͺԥķ˹
һǿ˷ÿһһλʥħ񣬲ˣЩҲ˴֮Դԣûнɢٻȸ⻷Щ⻷ĸ£һλ۷ڵʥħգۼͻᱻ£䷲
Ȼͬд֮Դն˵ЧûôãţԶԷһӰ
Ȼһ̣о¶֮ɫ
Щ⻷ֱӴӷڵλô˹ȥƺͲһ㣬һǿ֮ٽ֮ʱԶƫתмڷϣ˲
򷨲֡
ѵ˵һλǿ񣿡֮࣬ͷĶ֣޷¶Է
ͷ۵ʱ򣬷ˡ
һתĵâĳڷâÿһαãʹһֲͬ
Ƿ֮
ڽնԭĽѾϷĲ罣ͻ罣ļ𹻸ߣƽѾƣĽսʽʥʱȱ㻹ԣն֮󣬾쳣Ŀˣѷӳȫ
ն֮ѸγԼս
ڷֳһʱҲڿһ⣬һַǺģһ
ĽһǷĴ𰸣ʥʱն֮󣬾ֽˡ
ʱĽȫĺΪһ壬ĺԶˣɢȻ𺳡
һնʺԼģǺޱȡ
~
һն޼᲻ݵĽʱ˺һ˺ۡ
ʱŻȻ򣬷ǿĲǷĹ죬ͲֳǰСԼӣȴ塣
ΪʲôôǿΪںϵĽҪǣն
նвͬնҲˣն֮Ե¡
նǳǿննңټ޵ԣԣһͻƣնɱ¾񣬾ܺߵʱˣҪǲѵģȴӲǱնɱ֤ǰߵǿ
棬Ϊǿնǿ󵽣ɲˣˡ
˵֤Զͨնܱȵġ
ԼĹ˲ÿһܸԼ˺о˾ٶȼӶӲĽעġ
˵ȻǿȴҲԶԵģ¾һնĺԶ
һߣʯˡɫսҲһʼĲ²𣬱ü
λնԭĿǲס棬ʱɵ
ôû뵽ǣλȥǳСնȻǿˣ񶼲Ƕ֣ǻԭľҲ˲һеǿ
ˡ
ۼûκʤ㣬ٴȥԼҪ˻棬ܵĻᡣ
ȻǻС˻ǳ̶ȣ˱ͲǻĶ֣򵱳Ҳᱻˡǵǿȷʵһ˺ȴûúа벽ãǸķһɫϣʯˣȴֻΪٶȲ죬ǰһӣȴ׷
Ǵ⣬ƴˣҲҪδննɱ
սûгãһĲƴɱ׷ӣⳡ˼ΪĵȺɪɪսĻ
ɫȱնɱʯڷͻ£ܿ䵱
λն䣬ǿҲˣңԶն
һЩʷƾõĻ˵ǾĶǣƺˣϹʱ˾ǿ䡣



1917 ɻ
һƽˡ
նɱλն󣬻ع;УοЦ
ǿ𣬸ƾһˣû֧
λն䣬Ȳϣ翪֮ǰңȴҲסܶеǿߣǲٽȺǸǿޱȵ硣
ңʥ˵ĺպҲȻ
ϧʱξͺˡҡҡͷ潫Ժ
˼
ʱڣǵսܱߵӭܳһʱĺƽĩķΧԽԽҲӵĲϧۣսǿߡ
ˣҲܴһʱڵƽ
Ȼ˵ѵõƽΪػߵķͻ棬ȴôҪΪһθ޵ս׼
õǣնɽĿ⣬ڻϵĶϽ
ս֮УҲû¹۲죬ע⵽ʹõȻǽֻǺͷӡͶ۵նɽȣһЩı䣬øϻ棬ͬʱƾɵĽҲЩ޸ļ
Ȳ㣬ҵĽûгɳˣնɽȻѽɣҲû޸ĻᡣЦͬ˷Ľһ
罣ǻ罣гΪնĵӣûֻ߱·
Ҳ˼
Ȼ
նɽɣⲻյĽ֣Ϊ꣬ûеģӦһˣǽˣ֪ŵ˼·ǿóġ
ԭɱ˫ۺ˽磬δĽնġ
ڽûںնɽΪ鰵ͶΨն֮޸õˡ
Ŭķ򣬷ҲضãƽڣǶͣ½Ų

硣
ڷͻ棬նɱһλնʱһ۵Ĵֵľ¥һȥƽͻȻ̧ͷչ¶ǿ˼ΪңԶĵ
û뵽⴦ʼأӦ˵治ǳʼ֮𡣡૵
֣ɶأһ
Ц첻顣
ת۾ܿܿûע⵽κ쳣

ص磬ͻֱȴû̻ز˴磬ȥ˵ǣ˵
ʦܲϵʦ棿˼󣬷͵⡣
ԣ߿Է󣬵ʲôʱлӦʦ𣬾Ͳˡͷ
˵ڻ·ϣչ·;ңԶϵģȻǰ϶׶ˡ
ʲôҪ𣿡ʵûҪ£ǲġ
һЩɻ󡣡ͷŵԥ£һЩ̸Щ뷨
Ҫǻᵽƽڡ
ڶݵƽڣϹ䣬ƽڣ÷С
ƽԴǿ
ǣĳƵǿھͲ˵ˣǺպϹ䣬Ҳǿ
۽Ŀɵķɻ󣬺ܼ򵥣ûס
ûףγƵǿ
޾ô󣬵֮ԶԶǵ󣬶׵Ӧûô࣬նܳĵ򣬾Բ١귽ɻ󣬵̵
ʦ˵ǡ϶˵˵Ҳᵽڲɡ
˵޾̫ˣͳεĵ棬¾Ǵϵһµֵһᡣ
ޱߵĵУһλ׵ĸʣ΢΢ġ
ôһĻΧӦģϾʥǣͨն
ʦ룬⴦޾ͨĵԴĩȻܶףӦǵڷǳңԶĵ򣬶һ֪е׶𣿿ºŷ
ֻҪһλף֪Ҫԣע˵ء
ʯź⣬ΧҲڶżǲĩǺѿģҲΪʥ棬֪ô࣬˰Ȼ֪˵أɲ֪ĩܣ̫ע
ĩܣһֱΨм˲֪
˵ǰҲţڣȴ̲סɡ
ô߲أ߲֮ԶǵʦôǿҲ޷̻ع磬һͨͨĵޣʵ΢֮ȴ֮ͨ󣬾ȥ߲硣ŵһֵǵޣʲô
󺧣̲סվʧ̬ɼⷬɱ
⣬ûж˼ΪϰΪ
ǰǵޣʲôૣҡ
֪ҹעģֹһλס̾˿



1918 
ζԻûмȥ͵Ĭˣڵ޵׸ζλҪ֮棬λ˵ϵش
º󣬵Ǿ˵֮棬ǰҪ࣬Ҳ˵˵ѾûôңԶ
͵߽ãҲһ߻ǰ
նˡ۷ĵ˵ͷĽ֮죬ονӦ˶֮ӣ磬ɲ÷ﵽĵزȻһжͷŬֲ
ҲǷն֮״ϵ档
ǿŵ滯߻ǰøǿ˵ͶӰȻڴʱķȴٲв
ʦ𡣡й󣬵һ䣬ʲôʱܻ
ûиȷеʱ䣬Ȼкܳһξģң·ϱȻвһ˳ģԲ޷Ԥơ
ʲô£ֱ˵ɣǲʲô޷ıʣε̲еĳ
ԥ£ԼͷĻɣԭԭ˵˳
Ҳע⵽һˡĻĬƬ̣ϲ¶ɬ֮ɫ
뵱꣬Ҵһϵ߲ͨ磬Ǻεȵ緢ʥ棬ҷȻʱţ۽ĿҲˣɵ㡣
ͨһңԶ޷磬ƾէֺ޷ͣʵϣǸ߼ĴڣͨңһϵǵĿģΪ˹۲硣
Ҵϵʱȷʵܵţָܵ㡣
Ц˵ΪһǿϵĴߣʵϣȴΪǲСĴ
ԣ˿޸ζλϵĵָζλһֱо֮ڿҲǱڲĶ
Ϊʲôޣʵ
ΪûбҪ޵սһ棬ڵʱҪģΣҲһ۲ҡҡͷ߲磬޷ͨ͵޵ϵʲôϵ̫ˣԽٹǿĴڡ
˵߲磬磬׵硣
λףڳ˯֮Уͨ۲磬ɶΣ
˵¶Գ֮ɫңҲǹעһ֡
˵ͷ
Ҳģ㣬߲米ףӦǵķǳ磬òͨ˯ӻţҲǿġ
ôһĻ޶Σȷʵûʲô޿ͨ͸߲ϵѸ׳ڱףԵϵҲδ
Ȼ㹻ĻȻҪϾϵϾһǱڵвǳ˯ɵѣ˭Ҳ֪ͨһϵʲô
ĵǵŬһżȻҲһֱȻ̾ʷϣɶʱ֮УһЩҲûϵʥһֻص˰ɡ
Щף֪𣿡
֪˿϶Ļش𣺡һʼֻһ֪֮Ҳнģ׶֪⣬֪ģȷʵһЩס
Ȼ֪ģֻʥˣǽܲԣ֪ԴĩƵĵط޾лжദҲЩעš
ףԼĻ֪һط⣬϶ҲͶԹעܿƾͿƣܿסҲҪעߵı仯
߲⣬ףӦɳһЩڣפŹ۲죬翪֮ܵλߵİӦ磬ȴҳǵʵҲ̫ǿҲնЦЦǷ뿪Ϊȫһ飬ҲΪЩǱߴڣ粻Ļ𡣡
¾֮ʣһȴûκһǱ̲߳ס˵
ܣҲ¾Ķ֣ҲпܡѾںǷˡ
ĴڣΪǸõأ֮ǰڹһ
ǱߴڵĿģΪ˹۲ʯš
ڣĩĵЩףѾӦǲǲĩԴͷö֪
ػϣЩǱϣǴҲʵʵģػģֻﵮˡ
˺͵ĶԻеģ粢ûбϵƽ
Ϊһڶ׹עĵطﲻܿƵǿ֣߳ʥûн磬ѰͻƵĻԵҲᱻߡ
û˶ģĩĵһжòԤ⣬ˣֻ



1919 
֣˰
ȥˡ
һߺЦ˴кһ߳żҵķȥڿҪ֮ʣͻȻɫ΢䣬ӿ˽Ų߽ԼҸۡ
ʱϵңüͷ΢壬һʱϢʧ
ʶӣһҷͨˣͲۣ˭Ҳ󲻵صܡ
Ƭ̺һգĿɨΧָᵯһλðڸ󣬹â㣬û壬Ϣʧûκ˵ע⡣
һ֦ïʢɭԶһ̾ڵصľ͵ؾͻȻԼƤӵµˣûиܵκвϢһţͳҧ˹ȥ
󡣡
ĿĮϺƵЦȫǿᵽһеϢĿֻùľֱӻ˷ɻҡ
Ȼһλնڡ
һֻʵ׵ľڿն𣬷롣
룬̨ͤ¥ʯɾһ㣬ûͣ·ߴĹǰ˽ȥ
λնҪǽҪһۣ⣬˵ûҪ±𡣡˹ڣ͵ȴŵĸߴӡ
еļֱԹĸߴȴɫϴѶ
ϡ
еĲ̲ɡ
˷磬иǱ⣬۲ı仯ش˷磬󷽵ϵҪ֪ǵͳĺ嫵򣬾ޱңԶʹ֮ܣҲˣдѶΪҪ¡
ʱܸоڤڤеĲҲһ
ΡҲָоȴҲԴɻ鷳ꡣ
㿴ϴġⵯָһŹâ͵ǰ
âĳչֳ
һȽԭʼĲ䣬ŵģһȺڣҹʱ֣޴ڲȼΧһȺȺˡ
ȥûʲô쳣ĵطȻֵǣ棬Ǿֹġ
紵趯ҶȼԾĻ棬濾ԼΧʵˣȫǾֹġ
ǡҪʣͻȻ濪ʼˡ
ĲЩֹ˺ǣ¼Ƶˣ仯һĻĻֹĻ棬ţ濪ʼչֳ⴦ڵȫòҰѸ󣬿⴦ڵɭ֣ɭڵĴ½½ڵ磬ڵĻ硭
޾еһ
һɺ⣬͵شӽŵӿ𣬳ţ
Ǹտʼľֹ棬룬һһȴ
ʲôֹĻ棬⴦·ͣһ㡣
ô£
ûлشֻǵ˵â
ĳûֹͣĵǰ·ͣһĵԶԶֹôһһƬ޾ӣͷ
죬ɣǲһλ׳֣ڣôˣǿףҲ˹ĵ
һλ񣬱Ҷǿ񡣡ָųУֵһλֹͬĻ壬ͳ
¼ЩģһλףҲֻףܽЩطȻͣʱ䳤ĻףҲͬ³
֪ʲôϵĴѶУҲ˴𰸣Щʱ⣬ֹͣˡ̾ʱͣһ̣ټǰ
ʲôطɬ
Ե
νĻԵı߽磬Ͼ޾ޱߣҲ̽ͷˣԵָ֪ΧڵıԵ
ʱֹͣûֹڻԵڲɢţһһ죬ɢ޾硣
˵ĩս١
ĬܸӦĩ֣Ȼ𶯣˵Ĳף϶Ǿܾš
ûлصĳȻʱ⾲ֹĩգ˿־
Ҫʲôʵ
ԴҪ֪ʱֹͣĸԴΪʲôĩգֻ˽ܸõĩա˭Ҳ֪ʱʲôʱʼֹͣģĳѾɢ˻Եδ֪ĵ򣬱Ե֮ޱ磬ĵطʱֹͣĩյѾ𡣡
⴦ʼ֮أĵطȻҲҪ̽ĿĩǰǰɵһЩѾ޹ؽҪˡ
Ŀ΢
⴦ʼ֮أڹעŵײ٣˭Ҳ޷ѹˣһĬС̽飬Źע˭ҲΪΨ޷صĺڿƽڡ



1920 
ôӦô
һۣüͷǽԼͬĳ˼
磬ΪΪġ
ǱնֹˣǴĽһȻעŴ˵صģԶֹһλףң㲻ЩǱߣ籾λնͲ֮
֪ԵʱֹͣģмλףЩһϵ𣿡ʵ
ûϵҡҡҡͷϵ˵ҲǻԵɺϣŵ֪һϢδ֪
ҲδؾͲ֪ͷ۵׵˼
ӵϢƣиȨҪ׶֪ˣһˡ
˵ֲãǱ˴˼죬Э֮䣬ҲǴìܵģĩ֮ǰһߣȱ˿һ˸ʤˣײһϢѡ˽¶ж
Ȼ֮ԻѡҲΪû̫磬ϾҲ֪ʯŵ壬Ƶĵط޾лжദûа̫ྫǽִС
֪м֪һϢҲ֪ǻȡжͷ۵£ңʹֻ֪һͱȻЩһע⣬֮Լ϶ǡǲ¡һķҡ
׵ȥǹƾˣԿǱߡ
Ϊ֮ƣֻȥˡ
ԣ۾һð취ǵ˵񣬶ңҪǣͬΪ塣
壬Ƕһ޶ģ޾ͬҲڣ⣬նǿߡ
նʣȡš

һԳµնŻ洫Ϣ΢΢ЦЩǱߣڿϳ𣿡
ͻȻðһλնûб˷֣ˣģһֱģҲЩǱߡ
洫Ѷ뷽һȥλǱߡ
ҵҪкĿġһʧԭء
ҵȻţϾ֪̬ȣ˲һ¶
λûгã緽ʽ뿪ˡ
ͷ¹شҪһΪɣûмŸӦ
ô濴
ĩˡ̾һ
ǵ¼ʱֹͣѶϢ˹˲鿴ˣͻһ۾Ϳĩĵ
ĩ֣磬Ӧûø֣ҲӵĲпἤҡ
ûʲôʣĩ֮ǰᷢ鶼֡
ȻĩңԶĻԵҪɢ磬кܳʱ䣬Ȼ÷ͻе˾޴ѹǵʱ䲻ˡ
Ǹ͸¶˲ҪϢ
˵ͷ
Ϊȡˣ𲻵ò͸¶һЩؼϢĩϢڣ˵ͻ棬Ͼ֮ǰǲģȻ޷Σ͸¶ڱǱߣɻ˻ġ
Ӧò֪޾ĩ˵
ܣס
Щ֪Ҫԣȫĳᷢʲô׻Խ٣һǰδеĴսᱬǰһֽ㱻˺顣
ʹûôҵδѡ񣬽Ϣ͸¶λס
ϢĲԵȣλкܴĻᣬƿ磬δõ
Ҫ֪һλףȻ硣
粻ܳΪλ׵磬õĽҲǻΪԷ֡
ⲻǷͻ뿴ģ˵õδ絮һλףƿˣǽ˽иˡ
Ǻ߱Ǳߡֻʣңʵϲռƣܸõƿؾ档
ͷźâЩ壬Ǳص̫ˡ
˵Ƕ֪ھȻǱΪٵĻ壬֪ǱߴڣǳǵԤϣң塣
ЩǱ粻֣ȻŸԵֶΣϾǵıףΪնȴ켣֮ͨк쳣Ĺ⣬Ҫ״֮ȫϢ
磬Ǹúúɨһˡ
ЩǱߣȫǲȶأǾʼնڼı
յ˻ĻѶֻĸ֡
졣



1921 
ǣá
վţ棬ǵ۵Ļ
˵ĺǱص壬ô飬Ƿͻľ
ڵն˲ǿģȴڵģ﷢£Ȼͻ棬Ҳûǣ֪ˡ
ĺܺá귽Ľ˵ͷͬ˷˵ľ
û뵽ˮĻҪҡͻȻ¶һ˿Цû´ĻǺѻˡ
ɫ΢䣬ת̾׹
ǣȫն۷壬Ȼ˵ڵǱߣ̫ǿ󣬵ֻҪһ˻ʱѹһ䣬٣˭Ҳκβá
ǿıЩԸ⿴ģ˵ǿ»ᱻס޷ع顣
̾˿
ǰû뵽һ㣬ΪδЩǱ˽ȴʵ
磬ȫˡ濴ŷһֵ
ֻҪһϢд棬Ҿͻƴػն

֣壬˵Ͼͻᶯ֡
֪Ǳ˶ٸɵǲصģȴ֪û˻ѹϵΣĵط߱ˣҪһʱȥ̽Ѱҡ
ˣʱգҲǵ״̬ȴǱߵϢ
һ󣬷ûеĴѶȴԪʥˡ
ʥҪ㡣Էλնʥ˲˿
ʥ棿һ㶣˵ͷʥһȥԪ磬һֱǺ͵磬ʥ棬ȴδ֮ϾûʲôԨԴ
Ԫ磬ڼλ˵е
ڷǰǣʥ۵Ļͬʥ滯һ׷ԲԵˣϵĲϢ˳ĺͻƻ衣
̾Ϣ
ʥ棬Ǵ޽ٽһͻƵˡ
λϸֻصĴǿߣھֻأ֮ĥҲǿҪյ㡣
Ҷ˵ˡʥ濴ŷº͵Ƕ˴˾ӽҲϵˡ
˵Ʋ⣬ҲԹˡʥ滺ҴѶһλնѣסˣЩףһٸڵ򣬻Ϊ˽أֹն۷˽롣
һٻڣǿնҲ¾һΣεĴڣᱻǿ𡣡
ǻزˡ
ʥĻʹ²⣬Ҳ׼һ
նУһΣ¾һΣʥһΣͬĲڣҲž޴ʵࡣ
һٻʥҲ˽͡
޾ޱ޼ʣеһģһģᴩʼգڲͬĵط΢ƫɲͬĻһ򣬾ͱΪ޾磬һɵġ
磬һĻ
һڵ飬һ򣬱Ȼ᲻ӦƫıȽϴ󣬾ͱ㣬̾ͻᱻʴҷ
һٸⷶΧǷǳˣͻĻҲǸʮ򣬻Զû⴦صı߽磬Ȼޱ޾ĻУ㷶Χֽǲ׺һˡ
翿ػˡʥ˵˺͵һĻ
ˣûȫʢɡʥͻȻ
ԣ㶣ûУڵ˵Ѿû;ˡ
컯ˮĻʢңңڣûеõ컯ˮңնķԣ𵽵ãȷʵ΢΢Ҳ͵ˡ
Ѽ컯ˮʥָһ컯ˮ֣컯ˮӦù㽫֮ʢˡ
ûȷ˵ʥͳһǼ¶ǡŷסˣڷʢܽĹЧһ淨һն۷ļɨǰ׵ĵ·
𶯣˵
⼫¶ȣûǿǵĲһϡ֮²컯ˮ֮£ȴʥͳ
Ͼ׹ʥʵѾʼȫǡ
ȻΨһ滨ȴǵһγ֣ʥֻصа취Ч֮С
淨һ죬ȴǵʵҲˣܷӶ٣ҪĽ
УЩ˾ϲ⣬Ҫ̫ǣ˵ЩǱصһֺγǣҪʼСĽ
ʥ治䷳ĽţŷеԼеע
ˡ
һͣҴǣΨһģǲС



1922 
һ磬źξˣԼĳͷܲѡ
еĵһţǰ;˶δˣҪԼ棬õԷĽָ̻㣬Ҳǲ׵ģϾһλ߸ϵ顣
ָ㣬ҿ϶ʱڣٽһ˦һ
֮ͬУԼģؽ콾źһæĺĵأûָʲôǰҪָˡ
ڴŵ飬źһ·ͨĵأż档
ż棬һλ顣
ʹƽʢҪʥҲף׶ˣżǵؽ֮ˣȴȻȻ֮·Ȼɹˡ
ֹż棬źλ֣滹⼸ˣҲǼڵţֻǱϲ١
ô£źоƺԼĲ̫һ
ˣ߰ɡż۷źε˺Ȼʧԭء
źλعѾһİڡ
ǣǣ
ΧĻźһؽʥأ֪ġ
̬ķչźͷתҲףⲻԼеָ㣬¡
ڵУһλλΰʥڶеóֽвֵǿڡ
ţǡĿһתźȺпϤףλ콾
λ콾Ҳ࣬һãȻ
󣬵ʥһźξͿԼڸǲס˷ܻˡ
Ȼȥһطһ컯컯Ǻóܵģᣬȫȥһоܲסżڼ˶𣬽ţźξͷ֣Լжһʽŵ
ؾڡ
ͻ棬վһڡ
γˡ
ûʲôֻһ˲Ż棬ø˵õôҲǿʵʥҲԸ⿴һĻ΢Ц
ڵõʥ͵ı󣬷˾ټʥ飬Լţһ۶
վĸ߶ϣ۽粻ͬľҲ֮С
һţҲЧõһΣݴ
Ȼˣ滹им֮·ߣܹ۶˵Ҳһİ
ЩǱߵĴڣصѡ˳ڣȫĵط
˾ȴţʱţһǰһʼɧܿ찲ŵʵλϡ
ˡ˹˵ʥţˡ
˵ͷûе飬ָᵯʱڲúõķУ˵񣬽һε컯ˮϡ
·һ㣬Ļһ£ſ
׵š
Ĺâҫÿһϡ
źλһ̾͸оԼԺǰδеǰ谭һ˲ͱԼ淨ϵĽԷһٶǰ
пϲףԼǰδеĴˣ״̬Զκ˵ָ㶼Ҫǿ˷һһʱ䣬ȫš
⻹ǿʼڹâ룬һֳᴩ˹
һޱĳǰԶκ¸ӵӵɡ

ĻڷĴ߶£ЧһΣֳ˲˼Ч
ȻȴҲԳܵġ
˵ΪߵͣʵΧǰǷͻˡ
ʱڻ֮ʣźֻеԴѽ֪ʶԺ类ش䶥ƺһбѪʱĶԥеʧԭء
һΧ˱ͳȥЩûӦģеҲзߡ
תۼ䣬оֻʣʥλն
Ȼһ򣬿ɴźε˵ȴǰδеĴԶǰ۶á
ʥȫţһǿȻûչʧһɶ
ǰķͻ棬ͬӴޱȵĺڶǵɡ
û뵽֮ϲа̾Щʥ̺ǸԵ·򣬴ʱ׷׻Ϊ֣׳ڵĴ֮Դͻ໥֤ţ˫ĳɳ졣
ɰٴ˴
Ҳֻ̬ܰһУճɾףΪɡ
ȫţڵĴ֮Դǰδеٶȳɳţ֪˶ã۾룬ѾʧڣҲֻʣһˡ



1923 
Ψһ滨
ʧĵط̾ܵõĪĻԵ
ڣʣ·һˣ˶뿪ˣʣڻ£õģͬʱҲġ
Ϣ֪ڣ˶ȥչˡ
չҲҪչһΡ૵
һθڻ£˼£淨һƵն۷ĲΣûйʥ˵ڴⲻζŷʵҲһ
ҲҪȥչأһá
һʧԭء
ʱҴңת۾͹ȥʮ꣬һθЧܿչֳʥĵԶ֮ǰԭ޴ˣҲǵԸһͳɳˣն֮ǰķĲΡ
ûµն
ˣҲǽµ۷ʱ̡
һУȻȴûж룬Ѿնˣն֮µˣȻңĩĵǿߵ޾зĽȻһ㣬ȴҲ̫ͻ
˴硣
ɫ΢۾
Ҫ𡣡ոսӵϢ׼ˡ
¡
ʮ˫ֹϵһΣ̽УͻҲ˽⵽
עףΪ٣ǴҪԸģȴеһ֣ʮ߸ÿһ󣬶һλס
ÿһλעף֡
߲磬λ׾ʹڳ˯֮Уͨޣעı仯ûפ£ȽϱˣҪֻһܹλ׵Ŀš
һЩף缫ңԶӰʹפ֣Ҳ޷ʱϵˣǸפֵ׽ϢҲô
һҪԸģʮ߸
޾磬ʵ̫ˡип
һλͳĵҲһ򣬶ͳεĵط޾һС֣֪޾ǺεӴޱߡ
עףеףǷδŵġ
ҪΪǿߣ۲ۣ֮ҪڶӱȻڣ׶ûУδĵ·Ǻεȼѡ
ҡҡͷջ˼±üᶨ
ࡢڳɣûʲôηġ

ϺǰԼ
һΣҪˣˣ⣬˻һλն
⡣
˫򵥵Ľ£̸ܿ˽ж
ʮ̽̽飬ȷˣʮҵĴ·Χң޷ȷƫ̫Զ𻺻Զˡ
ԣ˵ͷ
Ҫҳʮ߼׼ȷλãǲܵģң״ݾߣȷʮҵĴ·ΧѾǷǳˡ
ǵļƻҾ֣£ֻҪκһҶ֣̾ͻᾪˡ浭
Щ壬ȻôȺԳٶۣҲһ֪
һ֣Ȼᾪǡ
˫ҲλնѲڡ
Ψһеİ취Ҿ̵֣ʱԿһһЩ壬ǷӦǰܵս
ʲô̶ȵҾ֣ŷҪ
ܼ򵥣һӣ¾֡
Ʈҡ㸲֮ΣʱЩǱ߾ͻһ㣬ܵĸ֪Ҳή͡
֮Լ׵ָʾ򣬲ࡣ
絮֮õǱߵİҲǵľĲ棬ͬˡ
ǿʼɡۻ棬ߵ˵ͷ
Ƿǻ棬ˣҪҾ֣ͱԶˣγ㹻ƣȻƻȴ
һɽݶ仹ջڣ˫ѣͻأ
ǰƺͲ֣⼸ʮͽˡ
ʮ󶥼磬׷վӣλնΪףַѶ֮ƣ˫ìܺͷԽԽ󣬽ˮ֮ơ
֪˲࣬ڷͻĿ£ȴԶûʧ֮Σ
Դ֮ء
Ӱ֣Ŀᶨ
Ȼǰ
ÿ
Ҳġ
棺𣿲ֻҸһδ
˵棬Ҳóѡ
Ŀ䣬Ǻã˫־ᶨһ;ᶯҡ
ҵҪܲܵסҡƥĽ⣬ӻɢϯ磬ţͬǿԷ
~
ն֮ս



1924 
綼ڲͻսϯ
Ȼ˴ʱչֳ¾񣬿ǣ¾һսֻһλնȴλͬһεײţ˿һֵЧ
Ҳ¹ˣЩ֮ʡ
Զۿһս⻰ȴǳ֮ڡ
ǴﵽЧ𣿡ǵ
˵۹εˣ׾Ϳ˶ߡڷͻļޱȣƼ侪ˣƺϧ綼ؿĿȥܿȼʵϣȴԶԶûôء
Щ⼸ʮﲼõĽϢУͱ任ˣҪ綼ܿս
Щȼյ磬󲿷ֶǿȥˣʵϣȴԶûôأȻȫǼٵҲƭˣһ磬ȴǲ˥Ľ׶Σ˻ѾǨ㣬ʱ˵Ϯ£ʱѳȼտ
Ƿͻļ԰Ŀе磬ô𣬲Ϸˡ
ϷҪ֣ȴҲûôףֻҪʱڷӦҲ͹ˡ
ôһᣬ⡣
ʵڲ֮䣬ǱϣģвĿ΢У
ƶƻʱĿģҪγҾ⣬Ҳ˽һͻʵ˼
˺ЩϰǷͻˡ
ǲȫǣ»ʵ
ʹһЩҲȴҡҡͷ
Ҫ֪˿ն֮·ޱȣôǵĽ٣ͻն꣬ʱȴһԾΪǱȼĲΣǺεȾˣҪ˵ǻ˺ܶʵȴǾԲŵġ
˵ˣϷϳҲ׼ְɡ

һľգͻȻϢĳһڣɽӴţͷ̽˳ܡ
˷ʲô裿Ҫ𡣡ţͷֹš
裿ǿѵĺܡһӶдȴûҶܸ֪ڤڤлϢ⣬δ޷ԤڣԼʵȴ
ǿҲ۲Ľ
֮Э粻ֹһңͳˣĻڡ
ϲǸ磬ҪȡȡɣǽŻñ
˵䣬ţͷ˻ȥǸڶҲʧ
һŻĸ֪ͻ½˶ûô⡣
ͻսûоһǲϱ任λãͻȻ˳⴦ڰա
̽ģһҵĴطΧ
ûԥͻղĳ֣һսҵײȻֲƺҪƬճ׻
ײ£ʲôؾ綼زסЩǱߣվҲֻն
һϸ΢ѿڣУͻǾ𣬿»ԹȥȴȻ
֡
ڸһ˺ʱ˺һ޴Ļڣ׷˽ȥ
ǡŭ洫
Ϊһս׼ã˺󷽵Ԯʱȫ֣ģ̾ռѹԵơ
˫սһֱǸɣһ򱻷ͻǣûй¶١
Ǿƻ׼ЭϲᡭţͷŭţӴڣͻһۣȫֲ֣ʱɡ
һλնҲûӵ
ⳡսûгãλնա
ȷͻѻλԶնսʱһռ˾޴ƣϳ䲻⣬ɵսǳɹۡ
һ
˫ԥս
жĹؼԿ̵ʱȡĳɹЩǱ߲ɵӣǽŻ֪½Ҳһ֪ᷴӦʱ򣬾һӲ̡
ս쳣˳ò˶ñ̽·Χʮ;
˵ʮףʵϣÿһҶפλնոʵǿԼӳ̶ȣҲвͬвֻɳһλնѸٽ
޷̽·ΧƫϴҪҳѶˣҲ׳⣬Ͼǿڳʱս˭оס
ܷͻ涼Ǿܵˣ֮ʱǱ¶ˡ



1925 ս
࣬Է١
Уǿ֮ӿŰţһŰţȼɫľִ˳ȻǵڶֻֻֻֻӴĻֳָһ˺ʱ˺һ޴ѿڣλı۾ӴҲǴѿ˳
Χӿ磬һУı۾ȴǿҲûпһۣŭĿԶķ
ʶȻǲͬɳ£פ磬ȴǱ˴ʶܲ³Էݣڷ϶֪ģվһ˵֮ЭѾƻˡ
ŭΧնȼֲΪ㣬˷йҪ綼ȼ
ϵɫûб仯
ֻһˣְɡ
ƶƻʱ򣬷ͻ治ܲǼƻ¶ԼǰֵϾ˭Ҳ֪ЩǱ߻ʲôƣˣ뿼Ǻ
ⲻǱʿʯţǷ𣬲ǿǷΧڣͻȴô룬Ǳ⣬緢նսĿܡ
һƻ¶תսǷͻĺ֮һ
Ǭ̡
˵ͷһޱ·̴︡һ·ǬΪģΧոֳͬһסı۾ˣŹâһŭŵı۾ʧתƳ硣
Ȼǵһμˣ̲ס࿴ǬһۣҪԮ֮һܽµתƳȥתҪʱ;룬ӶԷʵ
ȻҪתЩʵǱߣǰãзǵϣôס
һˣҲ߰ɡ
ǰҵնѾתߣı۾һңβǸǣƴԮ
Ǭ̵Ĺâٴ𣬷ûпܣԼתߡ
âһ˳޾֮УѡսʮսټҲӰ첻Ǳߡ
Χǰãã
ⲻԭأӲԶĿֲҲ˵ǵȥ
ץʱ䣬Ƚһһ仰󣬷ȷɽ˰ûôԥ̸ȥ
ȻԤսȻ˳׼
һӴ󷨣ָܷˣͬʱһ˺
ƻ¶ʱ򣬽ʣ÷Եľ棬౶ˣǵĶ֣Ҳλն˻
˵ʤѶ̫ˣһս
׼ãɶֱϾն֧Ų˶ãǵʱ䲻࣬ˣ˿
Ƭ̺ڷ˵Χ£һλָնҽһ䵱ʱնķ񹥻£Ҳҡҡ׹ڷΧһλնʱȻ顣
¡~
ڶλննɱ
Ķġ
Ѿһ£ҶƣȻϵ˸أҪ֪ǿѾնɱʮλն£ǲܵģϾ˴˼ʵûô
˻Ի͵սûд۵ģȻԶ٣ģնն£ҪǲܵģڣϵǼΪء
ȴûʲôš
һŹâĿȥƺʷĳڱӿţÿһˮһʱƬΡ
֮⡣
λնһĻʱɫ䣬̾ʶΪЩǱߣ˺εȳ׼
Ҫֹȴˣ˻֮⣬˷·ʱ⵹һ㣬ϵۿɼٶȻָҲѸص۷塣
һλ״ʱнȡʱ⵹ȴһ˵ָ۷壬ޱı
ǱףҲòҪõ¼ĹͣǱĹȴԶ˵Ҳó
ǣǰĻ֮⣬ȴһ֪ͬʱҲ˵ⱳλ׵ľġ
~
ľս˲䱬

һٶգһλ۵ϥԿ壬Ǿţȴǳ޾磬նǴҴһڣɫ֮
ףΪʲôס
ЩնзźţǵĿȥĲĳһİ磬һǿޱȵ磬ӦĴڣס
ƺȥ˺ܾãƺֻһЩնļ尾ȴ£λİͻȻɫ΢Ͷǰ



1926 ս
İͶλã緭ӿ£ͻȻһǿͬǰߵ̬߿ȥȴһ֧صɽɫ󷱸Ĺâˮкذ㣬ңԶɽϻ
Ҳһλףδ֪
նǿҪˣǺγһӼλףλ֮䣬ûĽ֣ನ棬ܱߵһУǶһȫڻ¡
λңңԣڽʲô˸޷ţЩնҲΪ̫Զˣֻܸ֪λ׵Ĵڣȴ֪ǵĽݡ
˫ĽȥƽͣģǱ˴˼棬ǿʱ˻Ҫˡ
գⳡ֮սûбɽʧҲȥ
뿪֮󣬸նǱ˻ͷ㣬һ̱ڵء

~
һλնǰҵľսĻ
˻ˣǱߵˣҲܣƵس̶ȣʹû֮ǰ
һӲսûָ֮ȫʢ״ֶ̬ΣٲҪһλ
ģ׼׼Ŵŵս£ܳ֡
֮Ѿ꣬˳ķع飬Ȼ˴ˣɱϢҲ˲гûٵͷ
ˡ
ͻȻɫ΢¶ϲɫ
ϳ֣ˣڿʼ⴦ʼ֮أǵĵ̡
ԣ˲ɷ
ܸɵǱ壬ǣȴ޷ֹ󷽴Ѷȫǲģңն䣬Ҳпú󷽵ײǰ档
ǲֵܵһλס
μƻ˷˶⣬Ҫǣⱳ׳棬±ס
ĵͻҲδػѡ֡
ǽأܶλ׹עһ˵ײ³ǿ˽棬Խ룬һˣɲĺ
Ȼĵзףûģڱ˫ʲô潻Эһ£ͲǷ֪ˡ
ȻõĽͻҲܽˡ
˫ֵ
һΪᶯû֮⡣𻺻ͻ沢֪лһ֮⣬˫ܵشⱾǲԷĺûᣬȴûжá
Ǳص󣬷ͻ棬ͳΪǵ谭
֮ʹãҪһʱȻⲻɣǴԵһʱ䣬նƣȴôָǻüֵȻͬˣǽӹܳʼ֮أͶҲ޷ΥҪ˵
û֣˲ʵҪʹûָ֮۷壬Ҳֵ˺ãңҪƴҿɲȥʥ֮
ĬҲ¶֮ɫ
ͻ棬˲ʵսУѾȷһ㡣
ľսĶģԭΪͻһҲ֣Ͼûмôĺ֣⼶ӲӲУļʺܴ
ʵϣͻ治ңĸоԼĸоǷɲ⣬ġ
ΪǼʹʵҲж٣û뵽ôܣôڶʱڽ֮ģ
ҡҡͷ
ȻͻʵЩľʵظͻǿҲޣҲء

Ϊǻᶯ֡
һ򣬻ɫͻȻһӱòҰףҵĿѪʶ
Ʊȱϸء
ζ㡭һŻ
Ⲣ֪صʵ࣬ǷĿܡ
£ģҲǽģʱգѾϣԽ˻棬ⳡжУһնĽ֣÷ϵãٳɳţ˳˸ߵĲΡ
¾ٶҪʥ֮ƾһˣܵס
ڵѾһΣԣڸոյľսУ࣬ޱ˻档
羭һ٣Ҫˡ׼նս˺ǲݺӵġ
Ҳͣ½ŲǱصǿʼĩ٣Ǻܿͻдġ



1927 ʥ
ĶңܿƽϢ
ͻķ磬ǼٵģǱ壬ȻټϷ˳ת۾ͷƽ˾ǵĿ£˫ĳͻһΧڣûصĺ
ֻǣնս˺ȴ޿ɱģҲ޿κΣҪЩòĴۡ
ʱһζ
Ԫ硣
һμʥ棬ϴμȣϵϢԽǿԨ纣ȴ˸ӦƿĿĻĴڣ˴ĳ˵˷ʵǸһ
ϵѲԷ˵һսƱͽֹ棬ʵԣӦ࣬ôˣͻָ
Ȼڿʥʱȴһ
һΣʥԵԽĲϣϢҲ˥ǣ۾ȴ淢·̺޾ǻۡ
ʥ㡭ľ֪Բ
˵޽ֻĩ֮ǰȴ޵Ŀܣʥģȴ·ʱ;ƿһ㣬Υ˳
ʥҡҡͷ̾Ϣ˵֮ʣܿļ䡭Ǻǣõģõģڵ״̬ܺãܺá
΢֪ʥڣǾתܻôãʹҲԶԶŲۣ֮ʥڲתвʧңȻתҲûд۵ģڲ֮۽£ÿһתʧһּ䡣
ʥȻİ취һԼʧļ䣬ۣпܾǲд治
Ҫֹ𣿷ȴ֣Լûȥ
ʥ䣬޿ɱģô̬ȥҲδɣʥԼѡ޷档
ŷӣʥ΢ЦڣͿ˵ڵһֻУԼû㣬עڵĽ֣ʱ䳤̰ˣοǣڷϣԼԼ־
вģΨнഫ
ˣ˵˵ɡ
΢񣬰˸˵˵֪ǽô
ܲµԷĶҲ׼ϵʥ棬Ҳ֪ԶԷļʶܲ²⡣
Ȼ֪ǴʲôЭܿ϶ײή١
һҪ׽٣ǷҲֻܵˣңڵ֡
ʥ˵ͷȷʵλ׳ڽ֮⣬ȴ˿ƣûдս
ʥǽ÷˵۽粻һ飬ܿ硣
ӦûΧŹʯţдʥƶ
ףҲôΪɾôֻʲôӰ죬ȴö֪
̤ʱ䳤ӣݵԴͷ¾ȷֵ
֮ײ˱˴˼żɵ˺Ƥ⣬ҲΪǲ֪ʯŵֵ
һ֪޾Դĩӳ̶ȫһˣ׽Ȼ¡
ǳʼ֮أȻҪ޾УƵĵطкܶࡣʥ滺˵ǷֹʯŵֵԷġ
ײƾն³ʱҲݲ˶Զκһλܻݵʱ⡣
֪ΪʲôᱻΪʼ֮𣿡
ԣҡҡͷ
ʼ֮ص˵˵ģģԷû͸¶̫ࡣ
ǰһλʱϵףֳʱʱ䳤лݵޣŵóĽۡݵĽۣһƬ򣬵һֻصļڣʷǳƾãʼ֮ص˵Ǵġʥ
ҲһЩ׳ԣ˵ݵĸԶһλļ¼ԶԶֱﱻΪأŽû˳Եˡ
ʱϵףֳʱǿˡ
ܻݵĸԶûݵԴͷҲܲ³ֵǣ·һޣôԣ޷ͻһޣݸԶҲͷֲܡ
еһľ
ڶֻĩˣڼ䲻֪˶ףѵûһͻǸޣ
һֻĳЩϵ£ĳЩÿһֻصһ̲סʵ
ʥҡҡͷ޷شЩ䱻ʧˣʱûһء
᲻ᣬһֻصʱйأ˻ᣬ˳
ݲɡ
ʥϸֻصǿߣڣϸֻصǿߣʱأѵͳˣ



1928 
ʱס
ʥͳ˻֮С
λǿߣ֪࣬һԭʧؼ䣬һΪûжٽƬ̺ʥع̹ȻںʱҾףԼû취ΪһֻصǿߣľΪĩ׼ˣ벻֮࣬ǰûмʱס
һ㶣ϾͷӦ˹
޾Ǻ󣬼ףƿصĵҲǲ׺һڣҪȫ˽˴ˣǲܵ£žͲˣ˵ΪǿߵĻڣʥ滹ûвˡ
Ҳ֪ʱںδ״̬ΣǣҵľҪ趨һ˶޷ԽĽޣǲģϾϸֻصˣֻأǵģǡ
ʲôһ
ʥһʱͬΪʱ䳤ӵһ֣ǣͬǲģҲζţʱѾˣʲô壬ʹƾ־һܿԽĽޣҲ޲
ʥüͷȻ޷ʱ׵ͼ
ǺܿȻˣϾһֿܣʱףʥһĳݷ׼ȹĩҲδ֪Ҷ˵γΪײҪģ»ֲġ
ʥȴûô룬˼֮УΨͬĴڣ˴ˣʱλصļĴڣ޷͸Էͼʥ޷ġ
λݲݽ
ڷ׼ȥʱʥȴס
Щ׼ʲôҪ£ҲδزµóϾģǰĲˣѾ˼²Է뷨ȫԼǸĽ֮
Źȥɡʥ浯ָһµ˼Ĺâɵ˷ǰֽסâ谭뷽ڣһ̣֪֮ʶ糱ˮӿ˷Ժǿ緽̲סַͷоԴҪըһ㡣
ͣ˻ᣬʱ۾
⾹Ȼһƪγɾ׵ķš
ѹֳôǿң·ԺҪ˺ˣŹǳԽļ
֮·ˣһԵķ򣬾ϸҪԼȥߣԼȥᣬŹһˣ˷γɾףľ꾡ޱȡ
ǡ͵̧ͷʥ档
һʱʧļ䣬ҳġʥ浭˵ͳ֮·ڣ
Ӧ֪ɳĵ·ϣһһӡʵǰߣõѡȻҲƿؿǳܵķȴҲǾѡĵ·
ǣûôʱ䣬ûĻԣֻ߽ݾ
ŹǰܳŹȥ̳ɾףеķȴǾ֮£֧磬óȻ̾ͻᱻɰ׳գɢʹŹڣҲǾһ
ˡ
ͳĵ·ڳΪ׺ҲҪͻƵٽ磬绯Ϊ磬ȫĵ·ûжٷգɹʺܴ
ûѡЩҲǻᡣ
ֻðգΣյķţƴһ
ĳնҪǰô࣬ײ£ǺεȵΣգûʥһһᶼУʹˣҲǾһ
ǣûѡ񰡡
۾
ĩ٣£ϢΧûеڶ·ߡ
ʥ˵ûдȥ²˻ûκ壬ⲻ˰Ľֻ֣гɾףΨһ
÷ЩοǣڻܽڷմС˲õ߽ݾɾ͵׻ƫ
㲻ԸĻû𡭡
ɡϵ
ʵͣɹʸ΢΢˵ǾһôһܵĻɻ棬ʮˡ
ңػ־ʥ֮ϣĵ·̫
ʥ濴ŷ̾˿
صӦЩϼһеģԼûϣˣն۷ʵɹԶڷǣȴزȥ׵·նͨģ֮£ֻܽϣϡ
ȴһƬƽ
˶Ŭţǻزֿ֧ɲ٣ҲôʥҪˡ
ȸˡվȻȥҪһЩ׼ҪãľҲҪȹ̡
ȥɣ֮ǰһˡʥ
һ񣬷ȥ



1929 ʼ
ʮʱת˲
˴硣
޶жա
Ԫͻص˴ӣ£Ȼ磬ҪԳȷʵҲ࣬Щ½һЩȶ󣬶ûʲôӰ죬ҲûᣬɻӦ
޶ͬʱҲûлķʱգһ硣
ʮĻ߱磬̬쳾󣬵жȷʵ˲С˺ɾʮҲǽֳָ
˶֪ĴӲ֪ĩǵ⾡ĻţǺɣǱ΢ƽʵʵĴڵġ
һУǷҪػš
Խ࣬ߵԽԶ뵽쳾֮УԽƽػ־ȴԽԽͣʱգѾҪ䣬ڼǿҵ־ٻʥ֮ˣػ־ʥ֮ϵԽԽܡ
ʱˡ
һգǱ˼ˣƽ뿪˭Ҳ֪Ҫȥʲô
Ԫ磬ʥ棬߽ʮ޵ıͳͳЩһ⣬ܶԷһãֵȴͳ
Դ֮ء
ûоˣڵľԼ֮Դԣ˻⣬Ҳûֵܷˡ
һ·ͨߵԴ֮ص룬ͷǰľ
ڲԶɫӵĿ
Ҫҳʱ򣬻ҡûлͷ
һһϦ£Ѿٳ׵ķˣҲ˲ܳɾ͵ģҪʱա
ҲȻģô׳ɾ͵ģĴڣҪֺѡ
˶ܸǳʱ䡣
һֱ¶棬Ȼɣһ׵ĹעȻǰͬʱʧȥһϣ
ˣڱֵʱ򣬷ֻܳ֡
ңʥĹ͵ıʱ״̬Ȼһеǰǣ֧ŵסĳ½ݡ
˵󣬷ǰȥеһ˿ԥʧϥһŹ⻪ɳһֻڷܣһǱ̷ȥһУ̽˳ȥתʼ
~
ʼһ̣ޱȵ־͵عᴩصĺڷԺһ̣Ӵʮϰ־ޱ޼ʣͬ߼ʵĴ󺣣ӿͬ籩еĶľۣʱ㸲
磬ڻȻŹ̹ӿ纣û
ĶʱһŲȥ̾ͻ
־εӴնǿɺΰڱĺԶ
ϣػ־۳ʥ֮һֳͬʱܵһ⻪Ҳ͵סеˣҲƺһѪ
ȥɲ֮ǣչ֧ĳ£û㸲
һΪգĳһӿʱţϵҲ𽥱ƽ
û̹⣬ֳһ֣ڣζţʼˡ
治ɳһ
ܺ·ܳҲй֮޲һվȥˡ
һ۷ת뿪ϵĵҲᣬҪάİȣͬʱҲҪСϵ˲ģɲ׵¡

֪˶ãѹ֣Լһ߾ɫ
תһ룬ܿ׹
־£ǰ纣־ͬʶĴڣĿʼ
ɫ󣬾ʹֻҪҲζ
ǣ̸ס
ɫޱ޼ʣǷڵ̬ͬӰһ㣬ޱȣɫʱʱľͻˣһСģͻὫ顣
뾡׳ҵ̿ʼΧĺˮŴˮڣҲǽʵҲǱ
ϣͻȻˣףǰӿСĶţɸʱͱˣȴһĵֿЩֻ״Сķ籩ȫ߿ɱԡ
ɣ׳ɣ׳󡭡
ʮףҲøӵʵĸ֪Ҳøǿҡ
ʲô
ȵ֪ǿһ̶ȣͻȻһһ޵ĹӰǰԶ



1930 ֻ֮
ԶԶûôףŸոտʼѣӴɫҲ֪ˡ
ʥĹУ꾡ļŲͬ׶Уֵܻ״Σա
ճڵĽ׶ΣӦ򵥵ģֻҪڲ׳ͬʱСĶܺˡ籩ΣվУǣǰ޵ĹӰȴ˷Ԥϡ
ʼĽ׶Σңע⵽ŹӰʼմţһ̧ͷܿԶĹӰ˵ĸоǸһ㣬ͷԣҷûдӹӰϸоΣա
ϲߣ벻ԶȴֿܿҲͽ֮Ժ
Ųϵ׳󣬶ĸ֪ԽԽǿͻȻ̧ͷʶĿŹӰһۡ
ס
֣ŹӰһЩ
ѵ˵ҿΪǿ󣬸֪ˣʶһ󣬷ʱӿ׳Ľȣ̫ҪŪôһˡ
ʱţӴ˰׸£׾ˣһΣѾвʱŹӰȥȻ֣âȥһˡ
о
ʶĲͬѰȻ
ҵҪ㵽Ǻηʥһ˺
֪˶ãڣڷ׳ǧ׸ʱĸ֪ǰδеǿҲˣӰе˵˭
һϤİˣһôû뵽ˡ
ֻ֮
Ȼֻ֮
˵ϤΪڴʱ򣬷˵İΪûˡ
ܿˡֻ֮ƽ͵뷽С
ӷʦ𡣡һֻ̨̳Ҳͳֻ֮״ӣ˫ûļ棬һҲ޷ϡ
ֻ֮΢ЦͷϿλӡ
ʦΪʲô̲סʵ
ֻ֪֮ӦҲ޾磬Ѱͻ׵ĻԵȥˣնʥ桢Ѿ֣ΪĪֻ֮ȴʼû¶档
£˵ͻˡֻ֮̾˿꣬뿪磬ǰ޾ѰԼĻԵǧ࣬ڽն۷壬ǣȴҲˣΪصʵ
֪ҪԼˣΨһĳ·ǳһλףǣҸ˼Ĵۣ˽صƣصҪס
ɴ󾪣û뵽ֻ֮Ȼص磬Ҫ֪ʥǶ棬޷ع顣
侲ܿȻֻرͷǳ⣬ʮط۵ʱ򣬾ʥֻ֮Ҳ˵ˣ˼Ĵۡ
Ȼء׷ʡ
ʧˡֻ̹֮Ȼ
Ԥ֮УϾû׳֣ɷ̲סʧ
ҷʬ޴棬ʧܵĽˣˡֻ֮ɵ·˵ű˵Ĺ£ն۷ףͲǱضɹģΪ˻Ĵ̫󣬳Ϊʧܵ򡣡
ԣѾˣУҵӰӣҲڿҡ
Ӱӣʵ׵ĸѿʹǽޣҲңӰ첻ңͬģҲӰ첻ʵ硣
ֻأܽޣл̬򷨲֣ǵıʣʵ磬ֻ֮ͬ
ҵ֮أʧܵұͬҲֻҲ㽻һֻ֮
ǵĿǵŬҶźǣҰﲻæڣһܳһģʧܵľ飬ɹļʻ󡣡
ʦ𡭡
ˣ˵ʲôϻԸϣܳһףȻҵĵӣҵԸɡֻ֮˰֣˵ڵĴҲһָֻеĵӰж
еĵӰһ㶡
ʵޣһ棬֮УȻҲŵӰе㣬޷Ӱˣڵ״̬ҲҽӴһΣҲˣյӰ֮
ֻӰõӰߣǱһ壬ʵҲ൱ӰҲǷֳӰ죬ɹΪ֮ʣ֮Ͼˡֻ֮͵
ԣʱϲ
˵ֻ֮ǽһ
˵ʥĹ÷״̬չŷǳķյģ˭Ҳ޷֤Ҫ¶ʱǲǴĹؼ޷
˴˷ȥһиţȫˡ



1931 
Դ֮ء
âŴأͻȻһӰ߳ûκףҲûԴ֮ص䣬ôƾճ֣ȻǷ
ͷһۣȥͬʱԭ翵ҲʵȵԴ֮أȻ׵䣬ȥ졣
Ӱ壬޷ͬʱ֣Դ֮ǣƿصĵӰ䡣
ΧԴ֮һȦûмȥ
Խ棬Խԣһ
ΪףϢ𣬵ͻͻնڷؾڵĳУնΣοס
ʹŹķɣĽҪͷ̫󣬱׷ֵĻǹܴɡ
ɣһһϦ£ͬˡ
óʥˣܺеֻ֮ûⷽĹǣҪ֪ؾڵ󣬾ʥ˲µġ
Ҫ׵ߣҪĴԶԶؾڵȻǶʱܲµġ
ҡҡͷתȥ

һ
ؾͻվУܡ
ʱؾȥޱȣеǾ޴ޱȵѺۣؾ˺ķѣ˳ɵĵȻʧʣµɣҲۿɼٶȱ١
ò˶ãؾͻΪʷΨǹᴩŽʱ䳤ӣȻţȥһ仯ûС
ʯŵԽԽǿˡ̾Ϣһ
ؾ״Ϊλնʵϣͷûаϵ֮ԻˣΪʯţ̫ˡ
ɫء
֪ʯŲһֱȥ޾Դĩĵ㣬Ҳĩĵ㣬ĩĵȻĩ˺Ӧֳһǰľ֣κǰ۵
ʥµķӡһ㣬ͱ˺飬ڣΧЩżҲǿʼ
ˣ֪𣿡
ô֪ܲͽʯŵϱˡ
ǵʱ䣬ԽԽˡĬƬ̣
ĩĵʯŵ淢͹Գʱ򣬾׽٣ɼ
֮ڻûһΪĵط⡣
޾ôвڣûչı֮ǰʯЩԵ̫ۣϹעײλŹ˼ɣ
ǣȥʯŵ󣬻淢׵ߡ
һ𣿡
Ȳ˵ˣʹǣɹʯŵѾκδڵˣǴΪ
ôˣ
۾ͨңԶ壺һҪʱ䡣
̾˿ȴûж˵ʲôѾȥһٶ꣬ΣգƮƮһ仰ܸģ֪е̫࣬ҲѾƴˣʵ޷Ҫࡣ
ϣһ˳ɡ

ؾڣԶ˶ǳ档
ƿسʼ֮أѾȥ꣬˴Сϣǣɹȴ΢˷ֹʯűԽԽֲ⣬ûʲôõóֵĳɹˣǳܵѹҲǿ֪
ϣǵѴЦ
ˣûиоʼ֮رԽԽͬѰˣǹʯţ̺˴ܡһߵͬ顣
Ҳôá˵ͷ
꣬Ȼܲ쳣ȴδػô롣
õֶζˣûʲô취ˣҪ֤ı仯¾Ҫ⡭˵ɫҲǱء
ǲû֣ǣͻĴڣȴǲ
ǰߣԽԽɲ⣬ʹرǿƣҲûжٰա
ֻˣ̫Ƶˡҡͷϣܶעߡ
Ҳǵˡ
Ȼ磬Լҵ̵£ǻġ
նܸ֪ڤڤеΣգһеҪԼοס
޾磬֪ĵΧڣ׼Ĵսͱ˼ʮ֮ࡣ
ϵעҪھԭѾʮλײȥˣսң׶λ֮ࡣ
ʼ֮Ȼ⣬۵ģûС
ʼ֮⣬׸һ챦ȴһûУΨһõóֵҲ
Ҳ˳ӹܳʼ֮صԭ֮һҶעɶ̫ӡ
˰̾䣬ͻȻһǿޱȵӲԶӿ
ǡĪϴʲôɫ΢̷˹ȥ
ȻǴӴʹӿ˲ĵزֲޱȵӴؾ·Ҫűһ㣬ҡҡ׹
⻹ûзɽͱֲȻѹ£类̩ɽѹһ㣬ѡ
ſֲ׵񳱣һӰ˳
ն۷塣
ԺһͷԼͬĵͷȥ̬֮



1932 
˺ؾȥӰҲߵǰȻһλ̬߰ӣüµȻ
ˡ
ˣæ
ն۷ǿ󣬼Ҳǲģǽ׵ľԸ߲㣬ݻʵԶˣݲǲ
ô£Ϊʲôһλն۷壬ȴûƣ
֪ʣλɲǺڵ
ദ꣬ĬɫȻ˼̽жãȻԼǿҵĲ
ˣȻ˽⣬֪λ´ǲֶΣǺ
ҲͰˣ⻹ǣΪʲô˻
Լ׵Э˼ڳʼ֮صʹǲòͻ棬ڣȴһλն۷壬ǴЭβκˡ
û׵ͷôᣬҲҹȻΥ׵ɼⱳȻ׵׿ϡ
ˣ⴦µĽƣһն۷ֱȻᴥӶڶײ֪طΧڣûն۷š
ΪЩ׿ڵ壬Ȼն۷⴦أɲĺ
ڣȫûбû׳֣Ǿ޿ܵġ
Ѿȥ
Ϻʧ
俴һۡ
ˡˡ֪ˡ
ԣ˵ɫʱɷף޴ӱ粵Ϊǵĳɹȷʵ΢΢ò֡
ߣȻһɣȥײؾһǡ
նεǿ£ؾȻ˱ļȴüǶû̧һ¡
ǵĽ̫ˣãˡ˵ĩٽûҪ˼ôˣȻǵı˵ʯԽԽֲҾ֤һ
һ仰˵ǵ̬
ǻδػṫȻƻأĩ˼ȴԽԽ١
Զ˹ǶѪȴãȵˣõֶǶˣǶ硣
ûȻԹڳʼ֮Ų𣬿һҽʱͬգĻӦ£˵¶һЩܡҲǵ
׻磬ǲãʵǲǺܹģʹˣҲͻˣּ޾ÿʱÿ̶еͻ
ңôһ絲ȷʵҲǽһоʯŵ谭
Ǻǣһͨ磬˵ڲն۷壬ˣǿߡ
ȥ練ָ𡣡
һ˿ȣһ߳Ȼ̤ؾ硣
æȥ˵˼֪Ҫ֪ȴڣȻãɶնȴž޴ǰмǳģˣһ㣬ôƣ
~
߳ؾ磬ûôεʱ硣
ʵԶ¾֮ϣûô֣ܺ磬һȫ֣㸲ڷ֮䡣
ȴûǰԴ֮أΪһ˵סǵȥ·

û뵽ôͳ֣תһ룬Ҳ׹
ԴڶǱߺɾͳҪעˣ˵֮ʣҲûпأҲ֡
˷
ȻĪ⣬ǿǰǲһ
ҡ۾¶ɫ
磬λذɡ˫Ŀգƺȫûиܵѹһе
ǺǺǺǡ˲ŭЦб֮ɫʢ֪η˭ĵӣǰ
Ϊն۷壬ԼĽ˷
˵ǵ磬Ŀţҷƻ£ֲɫ⣬Ͽӿǳչ֣ǿ͵ȼΧ硣
οࡣ
۾Ȼ⺧Ȼ֣һӴޱȵڷת̼䱬ױȵ˾˽ȥ
ʧֳҡͷּ̾ս붼벻ȥ

˵˻عѾһطΧĻǰ޼һ岼Ͽȥƺ磬Ǻε۹⣬̾˳Բ磬һ硣
硣
صʵԵģ磬пٳ磬ǵļʶȻϲ
繦ǿߣ޾Ҳ٣ǣôû뵽Ȼʼ֮أһܲɫĽĴڡ



1933 ѹ
ն۷塣
Ȼһλն۷壬׹ҲֻͬǿߣôɵĽ硣
ȫסˡ
Ǹ󲻵Ȼһλն۷壬⳹׳ǵ⡣
Ǳʱ伫˵ǵƤӵ³ɳģ˵ĵλǰɳô٣ҲϵٿΣնǰǲһ
˵Ŀ⣬ǾӸ¡
ǣն֮󣬷˵ĳɳٶûоʹͣͣÿһμ棬øǿ󣬸ӵɲ⣬أΥһͻƵն۷壬ʲô
֮·ôߵΪλ˶΢΢ٳ޷ͻƵߵĲΣȻһзڷϣȴһЦ
ôܣôܡ
ʶţ˵¾һεģǻ󣬿ն۷塭ȫǲġ
˵Ϊʲôն۷壬ȴûдơǵһƬجС

ĮƳʧǵһۣ
ͬĴڣԤϣ˲η壬Ҫ֪Ҳһն۷壬ͬҲи֣֮еն۷Ҳһˡ
Ȼ֪ô⾪˵ĳɳģô˽ƣĳɳҲ첻ȥ
硣ЦУ̧
޾ɫ˵۳һö͹ӡ̺ڹӡ·˵ıӡ֪ѹ˶նǿߡ
磬Ƿٳ硣
֮ڣ˾й
ĹûʲôƣΨһģǿԵķʽ֮
ӡѹ֮䣬۳ƺŴǧÿѹһ֣綼ڷظѣ
ۿӴ磬ת۾ҪһѳͻȻƫУӡϡ
Ϲâתĳܱ䡢˥ͻ⾳һ˲תǧٴΣһգۼ䵮һգۼ𣬱ܽһжȫӿӡ
ƺܵвӡųҫ۵Ĺâӡ׵ķ·˹ţ޾ӲŹ
~
缸ҪˣԶ⣬ֱӱƷɳȥ֪ɳԶȻһ޿ɵ٣ѹƣá
Ӱֳִάơ
ҡҡ׹ȶô߶ӡ޷ٽ֮
磿
¶֮ɫ
Ƿٳģģһ㣬ȻģΪʹԼԳһ磬ɷ֣Ͼά磬籣ס
ڵȴԤϣȹ磬˾ҽ֣޷
ⲻͨĴߺĹϵ硣
˵۽εܿͲһ˿ߣʹףҲ磬ʣ·ϣ򲻿һ㡣
ףҲֻһ֮ңǣȴǰ档
㵽
ûʲôһʱա¶Цݡ

磬ʧ֮Ӱֳ
ڣ˵ĳǿڣڵϢȴǴ󽵣άʥˮ׼Ȼ۳һ߷罻
ôˣ
ڸҲûţ򣬻ٵ˲ؾ磬Ͼ˺󷽵֧Ԯ
ʱסˣϣܸǶȡһʱ䡣
ڵʵǿ˼㣬Ȼûгɹÿһȥɹһʵֺֹһ㡣
ֻ֮ʥ˵˽ָ㣬Ľȫһǧݡ
ĽΪһ壬ֻ֮£п磬ʵӡ֤Ϊ
˵⼸ɳ̶ֳȣͳ˵󣬾ľҲֻԼ
֮·һһɹ֮ҲκĿࡣ
ڻʥˣȴҲԶˣȥʥҲ
Ļ˵Ҳǲܡ
ûô
ʧȥϵбĽͣĻȻԷĹע֪ϲ˶ãһʱһʱڷȱľʱ䡣
п磬ʵӡ֤죬ܿеΣգʱ̲Զˡ



1934 
Ҫã
˷Ļ̲סʵ
ʮ꣬ꡣ۾ѾڼһеȣȻҪʵ̫ѡ
Ҫ£̶̼̺꣬ΣղԶ
ʹʥָֻ֮㣬ڹȥʱҲαپһֵͷΣǳɱӣǷԼʥˣҿ϶˵һܳɹ
ʵϣ򲻵ѣҲѡ¶ʵ˵ѹ
ûɱǣôҲǱλ˺Ƥתء
Ȼûѡء
˭֪ǻľʧȻһλն۷壬λն۷Ҫ֮ԶԷ£ЭҲ޴ѡ
һֱʵΪ˲̼⣬¶ͼ
֮ڵĽƣʵԭҲܼ򵥣ֻֻ֮֮֮꣬ڶ׵Ŀ⣬ص磬ȻҲԡ
ӽⴳȥͽڴƣ׳̶ȱͲһģֻ֮ǶԴ˷˸ԷĵӰ֮⣬踶صĴ۾ܷŲգһ¶ٲָܻɹۡ
Ӱʵͣն۷壬޷ء
ʼ֮λ׵£ϵ󷽵ҲһˣֻҪǻûдܸȡʱ䡣
΢΢ҡͷ
ûôֹۣλն۷ĳ֣ƻ˹˵̬ķչѾ򲻿ɿصδ֪ʲô仯˭޷Ԥ⣬治ǲ֪һ㣬չĴϣ
£ĬƬ̣³һڳ

Ԫ硣
ķϵԶʥ档
û˺ĶԻ˸Ҫ鱨Ūô¡
Ȼƻǲն۷𣿡ʥ濴ȥԽĲϣƬ̣۾
֪ڵĽƣôһ𣿡ʥͻȻ˵
ԣ㶣û뵽ʥʳôһƷţ༰⣬룬ҡҡͷ
νĽƣʵһ֮ŽطΧֿ˵ڶ򣬶ֻ֮ЩһֱƵġ
֮ܲ꣬ܣȴȷģһǽڣһն۷壬̾ͻὫ֮ӶЩξѹƴն۷壬ʱţ֮ն۷ϵѹԽԽ淢޷ܣòԶȥܽѡ
㣬ڸܵѹ𣿡ʥŷ
ûСԥ
ʥЦҲܲԽƵѹ˹ȻأѾ˵ˡ
ֽصӴƣˡ
ǳʲô⣬λ׳˽ƣ˸ΪֶΣд۲죬޿ɷϣȷʵǳˡʥ΢Ц
Ͼǿߣʵ٣۹ȴһ㶼
ʱ䣬ҲӦòˡ
ü׼׷ʣȻʱһ죬·ǲѿַ·˿ѡ
̧ͷȥоɲһʼܿ죬಻ϵĲɽԶ˷ӹȥһ죬з·ǷһصƺѹڼϵѹͻȻɢûɡ
ô£ȵ
Ʊƻˡʥ¶Цݡ
Ҫƣλ˵Ȼһ£ȡ˸ֶΡ
˵֮ҲڶһֱƶɣλҲ֮һûа취Ӱ쵽׵ǶиĶƻȴûôѡ
ֻǽǣһȫһ⣬ͻӰ쵽ȫ֣Ӧ»ı
תҲ˵ǿԻˡ
ʥ˵ϰֽصĽƣڽƱǰῪ·
ò˵һϢ
ûǿԻˡʥ
ǡſԡ
ʥ֪˵ʲôԴ
Ҫ˵ԱȷףΣҲСɷҲն۷ˣҲͷʥĹڣ״̬²ǲ˳һ˱Ȼܵطɣ䡣
ǵĿ̫ˣңڽƱЩӦö֪ˡ
ǻôû

ƱҿӶʱ޷ָôЩѡҲûҪô볡Ҫôɳն۷£ǰ棬ǶԳʼ֮صӳ̶ȶ
볡ӦòᣬûڹϡҲ鲻Ŀܻɳն۷塣
ʥڣ粻һ֪һ㣬Գ˵Ԥϡ
ʥ˵ͷ
ûκԤ֤ʼ֮ؼһλףҲˣû볡ıҪʱ̡
ЩôͨҲֱ磬ǶԳʼ֮صĹ۲죬Ǽӵģͨ£ֱ绯߲λףͨ޲۲죬жʱȻע⵽һ㣬Ҳܿǹ۲ȻҲǵޣɵһ˵޵ľޣλ˯Ĺ׵ߣȫ׾١
ʼ֮ڵ׷ʲôᵼ½Ʊĳ̶ȣҲЩҪ֪ģ̬ôɳŪһȻõѡ
δػɳն۷壬ɼһ֣ҲǲСԺʥ滺ڡ
ΪΪǿ磬ͻơ
ǻأ硣
뾡취ˮ룬ǣЩˣȡʱ䡣



1935 ˮ
⣬һڡ
һſӴĻɫһţʵ죬һң˿һСһ磬µĿֲϢѹգ˺Ѵ
ЩɫңȻһλλնڣһն۷塣
峤ǰǽˣǼǰ𣿡ĻɫԣһСһЩľ΢΢겨ѯʡ
ͣ峤
ǣǲڷıʡСԥеĳϣȻǴеĿġ
׵ǰʼ֮أһж̽õ顣
ʼ֮رλһƣ׳ϣҲʲô׷ˣϾһصļֵ
Щʵ̫ңԶ⣬׻ٶڽ⣬µפ㣬ԱҪʱٶȸñ޳ĪЩ׾ʼ֮غεңԶûпٴ͵ĻûиĿܡ
һ屳ף֮һԣڽؾ֮Ǻܿͳ֣˽֮⡣
ԣ峤ӴЦʣ֪淢ʲô
һλײϧԱƵĴۣȥ׵ĶĿͼòľΪƾǾڽݺ޵У֪᲻ǵ塣
ҳϳĬ峤ĻȻеҲְڣһ䡣
ǰȻôĴۣʲô
ǵλʵĲࡣ
λһĶȴλĲ²ͽ
ǺλΪʲôôǣ浽ϣһСҲҪ޷Ŵ󣬵Ȼǲıķˡ
ʵϣȴô¡
֮ˣΪĩٽûô˼ˣƻ˹Ρ
ܲµԭ򣬵ûܿ϶ֻҪŲȷԣͲäĿ洳
ȻҲôɵš
峤Ѿϵ⼸ˣȻϺһأ˶ʱֻҪײ³ʹʲôҲ⡣
Ȼڵȴʱһ˵Ϣ˿
ʲôо֮ɳף´Ϣ峤겨ʱþޱȡ
ס
Ǻεȸһɳ죬𻯵ҲΪ˵ն۷Ǵһϡ
ûһλնΪ׵ġ
Ϣɿ˭ģ峤̵
ͻȻĴϢʱƽ˲ٿŶȡ
֪ʱ޷ϢԴͷ
峤侲ɵûϾԳʼ֮زһ֪
ѵǿɲǱϣ˹˹ѽΪ磬ֻǿӶᣬɳˣԳɾףֻʯڣʲô̫Сˣˡ
峤׾ֱܷһϢĲףȻϢͲǳȥġ
ЩԽ˽նϵԽ֪֮٣һ֪նȴࡣ
ȻǽأȻͽ˵죬ƵĴڣԽ׳һʼ֮ؾޱȵģ޵Ŀԣ׵ϢҲһĿŶȡ
Ϊ׵Ļǰ˭ס
ǰû취ڽƱõĻᡣ
һЩն˽أȥһУ峤˿ȴּɡ
ǵȻʲôôڻҴ룬Ը⵱ǰ䣬֮á
̬ķչȴԤϡ
ЩȽնһ⣬ȫնɱìͷֱָһλͬն۷塣
˵Ĵ£峤̱ˮһͻ˫ˣҲԽԽ
峤ˣһǽعȥͳߣ˫ȻѲ˸ϵ
ʱҲ׹ˣȴ̫ˡ
׵£ǲ̫ãһǰ磬ȻᱻΪҪӦϣǾΪеΪ
ԭҲǺѡ񣬲׵ѹҲᱻΪҪԾͼȫĶ
ˣȥӦסһʱ䣬ǽûôס
Ž⣬׽Ļˮʥ˵ͷ
նǴˣ˵಻ô״ģκΣʥǶͨˣȫն۷壬ն۷Ҳڶһ
Щǻز磬ڽȴǴټǿʵһԾŶĵλ׾ŷˮ롣
ǣͽЩն峤ˡ
ԿУǵŽһȷҲʹ˵Ļ޷粵ң뿪̫ˣ˲ٸڶʱڣŪǵĸš
߻˻һȴѰǺϵһ
⣬ʥŬˮ룬ǣƻ峤ˣڣҲһ̲֮ͣ·ǰ



1936 ףϣ
־ûһֱȥʥҲûΪˮܰЩ˳׵ǣס
峤ǿڽⵢһû壬һֱϾݲӡ
˫Եȡ
֮ǰפĹʮ߼ң󣬲ڽ²ãЩѡ˷ҲЩ֮ǰûפĲһ֣ˣжȻʮ֮֮࣬ǰ
ʮ޲ն۷Ϊ죬һ峤еˡ
ǿԶǽЩնܿģЩһģԼʥ֧֣޷ˮ룬̸ǵĽŲˡ
ңصķΧǳһٸСǷǵôһطȥɵġ
Ǽɵλһڽڿе壬ЩҲδػˣҲûжۼһ峤Ҳֻļ϶ѣסǣȴŹ˱ķûκ塣
ˣʥ˲һֱǣȥ峤ˣҲò̤طΧ
˫ԼͬĽأʥ˵ƶ£˴˳ŽȥͬʱͻҲѸ
ˣǵʲô
峤߲һƬʮѿڣɼոսսǺεȲңǵĶ֣ʬ壬˶ӡ
ն֮սֲ˼㣬ֱӽĻ
Ȼɹ˵ˣɻ峤ȴһ㶼ɲ
һսǿߣѾ֮һʣµҲ˴ˣһ㣬۲ˡ
ܣҲûȻһõȥ
ˣˡ
˵һʼ˫ͻĸԴĪеľһδγͻԽԽ󣬺߷ǵһλˡ
ͬսڽڸϷ
ʥҲ³ǿʵѸˣڶڽڵٶȷ
Ѫħû뵽Ȼ㣬ڣͲõʲôˣ
һֻͬɽţ̤գͷϺȻһ˫ۣʱţЦݣЩֺõ˵
ԶһѪֵǳѪħʵ֮ǿն۷Ҳǿߡ
λն۷⣬һλն۷壬Ų£Ĵܡ
һۼǿߣֱ
ڣ赣ǡѪħĮȴû¶ڳѪħµնǿߣ֪˵⻰ʸ
ʱѪħͻȻһͣޱصǰţһλն۷ҲһֻǰУһվƺ͵ȴʱˡ
ȥƽƽ棬Ȼվһȴʣâ
Ǻþˡӵ
˭ţɫ΢䣬ӶԷϣо
ûлش̽һѳдγÿ¶һ֣ϵƾһڣ͸Ϣ
תۼ䣬һ⼣߰ߵĳͳѽȥƽƽ棬ȻǳѪħţɫ䡣
ϵİ߰⼣һλλǿնѿȥͨĳ֪ʹ˶ǿߵѪǳĿֲɱ⣬˶Ϊ֮
նɽ
նɽһѣ뿪ģܻսԶԶǰߣʱһʣóѪħţ̲ס
㣬㡭ţп־壬ȥ
ü·оǱ䡣
һ
̤ǰɢÿһ˿Ϣ磬ӭλն۷壬ǿ׵Ԩ纣ˮ㽫û
ޱߵУһԷ˼ٶȼƶţżٶȷŻֳӰһֻɫչ䣬Խ֪Զľ롣
ǿصͬ渺©֮㣬ٶ죬һˣֻҪΣյ̾ͱնɱ
ʥʵǿҲһ֮˸ǿߡ
УͻѾؼʱ̣ʱпܳɹҪĹͷʥҲ޹˼ɣȫ֣һпƻͻƵǿߡ

һ֮Ĳһӥ˳⡣
ȻʥȫأĴ©֮㣬Ǻε֮©ߣӥʵǿᣬһλն۷壬ϵǼΪóǱ䣬ӲǴ
ҵҪʲô˵ܡӥ˺ٺЦʥ˵жӿ϶Ȼž춯صܡ
ţһͨնСĵɨ˻Χûпκвӥ˷ˣһǽ硣
һ磬ӥ˵ĿͶԴ֮أܲ쳣
һȣҪɹȥٶȣĶ³򣬾ܴӱ߽ɵԴ֮أʱֻһ棬Ȼӥ˵Ĵ룬Ǿ޴ʵֹ࣬Ҳֹˡ
৵һӥ˾ͷɹһ룬ۿҪԴ֮أͻȻΧձޱճӥǵ֮Уһ˫ϸǱ磬һ¶ѡ
ô£ӥ˴󾪣æĶҪĻһȻųΧ˲գ˷ֺ
ӥˣȫٷĻ棬е飬ȫһǱͣһ㡣
ţӥ˵ĸ֪Уգ綼ǿС·ȥӥ˿һֻƣס硣
С
ڣںδҲǲǼս֮У˶ͣ˶ķ
һ̣ǿһӴ޷ӰݣӰӴ󣬳˵۽磬һпɼɼ֮أ˷
ǴеĿ꣬磬ȻӰģ
ס



1937 ף£
磬֮ȡشףȻͻס
ڣп޷һĻˣ𾪵ԸӣΪնûһǼʶģ˵滹вԸǸһĻʲô
ڳʼ֮ͻΪףѾͷֺ׳۵ԶԶ˳ȥٸڵ飬ɼ
ںεأֻҪٻڣ̧ͷܿ۽硢޷һȫòӴӰһģ˳κ˿ǾĶǣһֹڵصĳ嶯
ͻ׵ԶȺϵնӵ׳ۣӰ췶Χ֮㣬ȫûпɱԡ
ʱ˿̣ųʼ֮ضڶǿߣڼ֤һ̡
ģȻģ˳Ϊ׵ǶԽ֪֮ٵնаû֮࣬ҲǶ谭ǵĸǿ߷ĵʹޣǣԼֺγûһᡣ
ԭǲϧ󶯸ɸꡢƻƵĿģš峤ѪħˣȻŽʲô
ǣͻ֮˵̬ȴ
λױƣϾĶĿĿľΪ˳һλףǰʣ˴𰸡
Ψһ֪ʥˣǾϲ
ɹˣɹˡ
ȻԹ۶ãλͻƵĴȫò֦ĩҲǲ³Ƿɡ
֮£һվǰ˹·ߵ˾ͷ
ѾɹͻҲ޿תϣΪ׾ӹˡ
ǣڹϣ׽١
ǻعҪʱ򣬷ͻƽΪˡ
˶ͣ˶ʱսѾûκ壬ǵעĿ£Ǳĵ绺תţӰ£գûӰڣںһ
Ҳζţ类λ׵硣
ǳصӰҲ֮ʧ
˶ףӴ˿һλס
ڳУŲնܾߵˣҲԶͻƵһĻ˵żĳĿ׵ͻƳǺεѵãɴ˶ջ񣬶֮·ϣǰĸ˳
ȻûǴϸϸлعͻһ𣬷ΧĻ˾޴ı仯
ձأҲǻɽǸӸԴģӱʵĸı䡣
ˡ峤
ס
֮أס
Ȼⲻȫȡֻڣشű׵ȡ磬Ǳǣǣȴûʲô
ϵĺϵڴǣֱ⵽˻ԵĴֱӴ䷲ϵֱʧЧʧȥԴʱһ޷Ӧ鶼ȥ
նѾ˴ôңǣ׵֮شȫͬġ
ǿĴ֮Դѹش׵֮ǰȴֻбѹķݡ
ЩնսͣȲ죬ȴһֱ绺ƽľ粻򣬴ʱһ©Ķ˽ȥ
֮ȻʮԲ󲿷նڡ
һ̣Ǿ͸оǵصѹʵʱ󽵣ԽӽԽΪˣǿնǰǲһ֮ѹƣԽһλնǿߣʮĵز
ΨףܶԿס
ãӡ峤˷Ӧæĳȥ
ʱ򣬷ֻҪһ̾ܽ飬ȴûг֣ʮΧǱӴܡ
ô𣿡Щʡ
ûӣķнһеѹȴûЧȻǷΪ
ûбҪʥҡҡͷܳΪףѾ㹻ˣǵĿȻɣûҪ֦
ʱ֣»Щ׵ı
˵˵ͷ
ǰǵƴɱն֮䣬ûʲôϵЩն֣ԴС˵ͻ׵ı
ȫǺΪ
ɾףӴˣûҪЩνľٶĩ٣ҪʵΪ׷ǿ߶Ŭ
û˶𣬽ţǰһͳڷǰ
һӥҲججĳ֣ûɱָ΢ӥ˾ͷ˳ȥԶ硣
ڷͻƵʱ򣬴磬ֻҪ룬ȫܽһͬӹһٵӥ˴˸ͷҲصȥһӣҲȥһλס
ѱΪҵ磬ٹһˣһ뿪˵ء˻
ǵѡ񡣡ʥ΢Ц
ʹû뵽ҲôƼ
ɾףЩԣһ𺳣пܻΪһУǣڶףҪŪࡣ
˲ʼ֮صܣǻ
Ϊ磬ܱˣɹʯȴߣȻԭأ˭ȤᣬںʼգǶΪ˱ȫ磬Ϊ磬ɾס
ȥ֮ǰһ£Ҫȥ
䣬оͳһѹâת˲ĳңңնȥ
һУε˿߱һնϣӴĸ߲绺֣ѸԶȥճʧ



1938 
ʧ߲磬鸴ӡ
һԷӴ˿޵ޡ
Ҫ˵ûиоǲܵģȴַ֧ľ
ǰ֪޵ҲͰˣ֪󻹷βܣǶ˵Ĳˡ
λ߲Ĺףڳ˯֮УӰ컹󣬿ǣĩ֮ʣʱпǵĹϺǿ󣬸ոսķǶ֣ĴҲϵһ֮䡣
ҲãҲá̾˿
ˣ뿪ɣǽ硣һʱʥڵ硣
ѾΪ磬Ϊһ壬ûҲˡ
ˣǡ£ָ΢˵˶ʱǰ
ΪǴѶλףֲǵ𲻱Ҫ鷳һֱѹš
һ˻˷ܣͿǰķԼִ׵ĸо
㡭Ѿˡſڽ࣬ΪԼ׵ǡ
뱻ѹʱ䣬Ҳûж೤Ȼô̵ʱͳɾףһʧǡ
ܿ죬ʧ̬ѹĵ׵ʧ;֣Էһ
Ƕ׵𾴡
οڷ˵֮ǰ˻ģɱǣһλףȴҲôˡ
Ҳɱǡǿ룬
⻰ʱ˵˿Ҳǣ֮ɱǵĻ׾٣Ǳѹ״̬ӦӦ
Ҵһ仰ϣѶ֣ʲôҡ
ˣԷûʲô⣬ҲܷϣԼô˳ɾףҲǽǵô׹ע£ϲϢĳɹ
ԣûɱ˵ˡ
Ҳûʲôм뷨˫ǻðˣ˵˳ִ֣ʱ򣬾壬ڿǷʲôġ
ǣһѻ˹
һۣĳʼ֮أͷҲصȥ


һӴĻڣӰ֡
Ŀɨڵ飬޲ɪɪڷ֮¡
ˡ˵ͷ
뿪ʼ֮غ󣬷޾֮УѰŵ㡣
类ڣһжⲻǳ֮ƣңǶ籾ڶ˵޾ǸõѡҪɳ벻޾Ļ
ǿ̶ȣҲ׵ǿȵġ
޾ô󣬱ͳεĵ򣬽еļٲ֣ʥ˶޾磬Ҳ֪ʲôطףʲôطûС
½ףʱڲͻˣѡôһ֮أΪŵ㡣
ŷһӴڻ֣ԽԽգź𶯣
磬һڴˣ⴦Ӱ죬ޱȾ޴ģǷеΪӴСһӣͻҲ֮
ĵ˴ı˻Ļټĳ䣬ȴǳɨ顣
ˣҪʺҲҪһʱա
ȶ󣬵˳ǡ
Ƕն޾ߣҲԸһأǻΪģɨܱߵĻ壬ͬʱҲѰΪֵ硣
ҪɳҪ޾⣬Ҳձ磬Ϊ֣׳
ߵʮֿ̣һͻ򣬶Ϊֵġ
ĳɳѾ뷨˵Ҫ󣬷Ҳûоܾ
ʵڵ˶ԣܿڻ𣬾οƽˡ
ǰѳΪ׵Ļᣬø˷
ʵϣҲͬڶϾǵ֮·
ҪΪףĴ֮Դǿ󵽼£Ǹѵģ硣
һ磬ģЩն磬ҲֻԴΪˡ
Ψ˹˹ˣ磬ߣ޿ɱĻᱻų⣬ӶʹʧܣȻųⲻǲܽһҪ¡
ĩ٣ûˡ
ˣԵˣһֱأΪԼףԼڸ߸ϵλá
ҡҡͷջ˼ڵ֮࣬ҲǷֳһ߷ǰʥڵأĽ̻塣
ʥʱ䣬ˡ



1939 ȥ
ǰڵ磬Ѿ˺ܴı仯
󣬷֮شΪһģЩϵʥûЩеħһ㣬ƳǱת˴ԴµĴϡ
ˣûʥ䣬ȻʥӲҪܾתҲǲУǱƳʧȥʥ֮ңûһôΪնʱػ磬ǵλʵ飬û˻ָܾı䡣
ϲˣ²㣬Ҳ췭ظı仯
ĸı䣬ζԴıףһϵеӦĹУеϵ˥䣬Ҳеϵƶ
ޣ׶Ͼǰ·ⲻǽ
ǵ޳ʦʦ涼ǵޣļҲǵޣôʹһϵ˥䡣
׵˼־ҲǴ־
ڷ־£޵ϵ˺ܴı仯ûǰ߲Ҳ޷߲֮ȡ֮ģԴ֮ܡ
Ϊޣµĵ·
·ǰͨʥĵ·˳Ҳʹãһϵǵûоʹ˥䣬ӵʢʱжֲ̣ʱգȻΪĵһϵ
ΪǷ־
ڶԵأ˵֮ʵϣµ޺;ɵѾǽȻͬ
ԴϵǱĬ⣬Ĳ֣Ҳ˸Ķ
һָ£˴ڣΪ˷ָ˼磬Ȼɳ룬󣬶̶ʱڣͱСһޱߵĴ½κһ֮ϣبġ
ͬʱȼҲת۾ʹһͨĴ½һ磬Ǵ硭һ·ϣֱԽ硣
λ룬Ϊ硣
ϵ硣
ͥͳ磬֮ͥУλУϰ˻ġ
ʮҲԭأĽǣҲȡ磬Ϊһ֣ͥڶ飬󲿷ֶͥΪеһԱٲɢҲͥԼ
񻰴˵еͥڷ֮ҲŲ֮ͬ
ʥ׳Ϊ˹ȥͬ飬ŸǱҲŸɣΪɣͬͥԼ
ɣµĺϵ߲㡣
ɵƷµڽȻָıҪʱ䣬ȴڼᶨƵС
桢˶Ĭ˷ĸĶûкɣǶԷλ׵أڵ磬Ƿ磬ôı磬ɡ
ڣ׵־ϵġ
˶һ㣬οҲǱ㹻أԭе磬ԭеϵûбı仯ĺճԼɵ֮䡣
޿ɵġ
ףͳ磬֡
ҪǰҲ̫һλ׵ˣµȻȡ

Ԫ硣
ûоˣʥ档
ʥӵĲϣǴ޽ǳ֣赲峤ˣʹһ̡
޵ĵҲʹʥļ䲻ϸգ˹һС
Ļعⷵա
Ժ㲻ˡһ죬ʥ˶Իڵ
Ŀ⣬רעأ˻еһʱ⣬һ߱硣
Ȼﲻĳأļ硣
ȴҵļУҼеӰӣǹȴļ԰
Ҫˡ
˵꣬ʥƵվȥĿûֹ
ʥĺܳܳĵֻء
ʱ⣬ʥģݵĿԺԲƣǣȴŲͬѰ塣
ǰֻزᣬһֻУǿȹĩʥ棬ججϵתճΪʥ棬ʱֻʮģĽ޲ܵʥľ޴Ӱ죬Ĳڡ
֪ʥģ磬֮ɡ
ԣûȥʥ棬ĶȹԼ
ֱĳһ죬һ鰵ֳһ߷磬һľɽϡ
ʥפ֮أһͨͨĴ磬һͨͨɽ塣
һλɾˣȥ
վɽ֮ϣĬĬĿϦ䣬ڰִأȻⲻǽֻԶڳһƳҫɽϣһö߲ʰ쵵ľҲڷǰ
ʥµļƬ
ǰȥûԥĽƬרע档
һȥģļУȥֱı˰
˵ţʥȻѾȥľ־ȴ˼̳ߡ
нഫǡ



1940 Ϊǿ
磬ͥ
һ绪ǣ֦Ҷ磬Ǳ
£ǰһö߲ʰ쵵ľҫŹ棬ɷ
ʥļ䣬ԼԼ֪˼·ҲԽԽ
µ񣬰ڷǰģҲֻһˣǾǣʱֹ֮ͣǰܵԼʵٳĳɳ
һλ׵ҪɳûнݾԵġ
˵Ҫ档
һ޾磬֣ȻɳֽԶ쳣ĻʤվáԴԴϣڳΪλĹ£Ҳʮֿɹ۵ġ
Է˵ȴǿԺԲƣΪ׵ʱ䣬̫ˣĩȻ٣޾Ѹӡ
̲̫ʥľĩʱ֮ͣʱǧ꣬ꡣ
ʹʥ棬Ҳ޷׼ȷԤԣܴ»ַΧ
Ժܶ˵ʱ仹̫ԶĸҪǣɶǿ˵ȴ̫̫ˣ޾ʱ⣬ǽֹһ˲
ûʱ˰̾Ϣ
ʹ꣬ȻɳҲǿԺԣ̶΢΢
ˣҲֻһ·ˡ
Ӷ磬ǻΪɳ֣Ѹ׳Լ
ᴩ޾磬һнԴڴˣ޾ʵ̫ˣͬĵôϸ΢ı仯Ӷγһ
ЩвͬеĻҲеĵطŸָ顣
޾֮㣬֮֮ɳ಻ʤ鶼Ψһģ壬޾оʹڶ򣬾λס
ͬƵ飬ĻҲ֮
ȫһֻҪƣܱգ緽ҵôһ򣬾Ϳǰ֮ȫԴ֮ǣһʱ󣬽֮ߣ֮ԣΪ磬ɺգΪһ֣飬ҪôݣҪôҪô磬ûбѡ
ָ磬粻֮ͬܣҪҲûǰѣǰǻơ
ʵϣֻҪԲƫ̫κһܳΪ磬ɡ
ƫĸ磬죬ͬʱյҲԽ졣
ˣԽĻԽ
ڵ򣬽ѡģûΪģö֪ʵϣҲϣ
Է˵ףûʱ䡣
ʹԼո磬ҲҪʱģһ̶ͣ꣬һʮƵĸ磬δյˡ
׵ĳɳ֮·޲ΪλûǸʱ䡣
Ҫ޾ѰҺʵĸ磬ҪˣյʱҲûС
ɾףʮǰǵвʱȥɳ
ڣȴǾ޿ܡ
ԽϵףԽǿ󡣡
ԽϣζȻɳʱԽͬʱҲиʱȥѰҸ磬𽥳ɳΪ˼Ĵڡ
߲磬Ƕ硣
ΪʲôƺΪ߲磬Ϊǵĵȼʵ̫ߣԶԶ磬ⶼʱ۵Եʡ
ʲôȥͱ
ʱңԣֻܹһ𣿡ɫأ΢΢ҡͷĩ֮սɱ⣬Ҳòء
֮սǴĽ棬֡
ʤߺսսףնԷĿܶûУ֮䣬ҵһ
ǣĩ޿ˡ
ڤڤе־ƶһУȵһ̣׶ģ֪ĩ壬Ҫ˵ѡ
ʱһ̣鿪ʼĳɳ޾硣
ĩ޿ɱ⣬飬޾ڤڤе־ȴľʹҲеһԱҲ񣬳һֻصӡǣȹĩǰһֻء
־ͱܡ
һֻӡǵģֻһҲֻһ
ǻῪʼսʤʧȥһУһжΪӡǣʤգգΨһʤʱľͷӡǺһΪ֮ۡ
Ϊǿǿߡ
û·Ҳܶܣӡǵ׻ǿĲ˼飬ʤߣܸ޾磬ĩйأȴҲ˵ûеطɶ㡣
ΪߣʧȥһУʱңֻһ·ˣжɹļʣҲ˵ΨоΪˡ


1941 Խʱ
˻~
ʹĶͷ۾ȻڿΧһ̣ͫ׾͵
ⲻ˯ǰĵط
ǧս飬һʱڳ˷һܵ̾Ӧ͵һȻײ˽յľţӳǸİڡ
ĶûгȥŶĸ뵥ϥأڴڴϢţ϶Ǻˮ
Ϊʲôһô˼ףͱԺͻȻðĴû֮˷ҵ˼Ҳ¶˿ϲ֮ɫ
ˣһǰһͬиϣ
ǰľ飬ĥսܣһ˭ֹ𡣡
һĴ£Ҷǵٹʮ꣬Ǳ̺һλƽʢǰ֪ƣȫܳƶЦ䡣
ǰҶգıԵһҪɾǰδеΰҵ
쳤ХһΪҰĵĶ

һ磿
ֵĽͷãȻ
һͷѾԭ磬һ̽𾪵ķ֣Ȼ磬ʮ󶥼磬ڵλãʹ硣
ǹǣͬ磬ʧһλλϵʥӰ
ǿߣһλʮطۣҲˡ
ƺʮط۾Ķ㣬;
ǣȴ֪ʮطԶԶյ㣬λ綥ʥǰʮط۲ϰˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôһ磬ߣҰŵˣٳµĵ·µľ磬ҪΪĵһλʥ֮ۡ
ܿ죬ɾ
иḻ֪ʶ͸ҰңԺлһ淨ֱͨʥ磬ҲʱĳΪһλʥĸԴ

ֻ֮վ֮䣬ǰһٳ磬нԶ
Щ磬Ϊģ壬ЩĶȴһޡ
ָֻһ㱻ʵеȡͶ뵽һ
ÿһ㣬һˡ
һͬ㣬Ǳپսмȥڳ˯ϢǵڶͶ뵽
ЩԽߡߣһֺܿ磬ǧٹ֣Ҳһǿ׳
ɣ֮
δˣͺǵıϵһˡŸɵı֣
ΪЩԽߵʣٸ˴Խɵ淨䡣
ֻ֮Цŵ˵ͷҪΪǿߣȻɳǲʵģĲá
ո磬Ψһİ취
ǣҪʱ䣬Ѱҵʱ䣬̫ˣҲʵ
Ȼ޷ʵҵ㹻ĸգôõİ취Լ졣
Ƿѡĵ·ҲΪǿߵΨһ취
һ磬Ϊģ壬˵Ƴ̶޾޳ҡ
ԽƵĸ磬Խա
ȻԣΪ쿪ʵȫͬģǴڲͬ磬ʵԣӴ磬
ˣôˮ¡

ʥļ֪ĩ٣ʱֹͣһ̣й򶼻ʵ޵ĽҲģʵ罫Ԫһʱ򣬷ܰЩΪһһգһٽԼߵĲΡ
ЩͶĴԽߣΪêһ磬Ǿ粻̫Զ
ͬʱĻϢӣӰ죬Խǿ󣬶ӰҲԽ󣬽յѶҲԽСԽҲһع顣
ҲùδľʵҲ䡣
ѡĻ˶ȥ硣
ȻôѡĶѡǽ֮ˣΣʵ΢
ʵǿˣᷢʵĲͬʱ˵êˣ綼԰쵽
ҪϿ磬ûôྫȥһһ˼ЩԽߵ
ûʥļ䣬֪ĩ֮ʱϸڣʹܴףҲôǡֻ֮ҪʱףͬǶȹһֻصǿߣڵ״̬δ֪ȴҲи
У㲻Ҫˣʵ޵ĽޱģҲζţЩеĿ´Ҳ֮٣Ķ֣޾еס
֪ˡ


1942 ֮
еĿ´ڡ
ء
ʵˣĴڣֻҪʵˣҲãֻ֮ҲãҲĹܽӴõģʼն޵ǳ㡣
ޣʵʵһ磬Ĺ飬ǺεȵĹ½룬ǧٹ֣ǵʵġ
£޷ͨģֱĩһ̣ߵĽޱģ
ֻ֮Ѿ䣬ʵΨһϵͨҲֻзһ˶ԣѲڡ
Ҳһ˿޵ϵֻ֮һֱͣǳӽĵطҲܴӰ֮ҲŲֻ̨ȣʶ䡣
Ͼǰֻֻ̨֪֮ǻŵģֱ֪ڵ״̬
ʵϣֻ֮ڵĵطûгʵ
ǣһֱȥչѾڳ㻬䣬޿תģ˿ֻ̣֮ϡܸӦǸԲ÷СеĿ´ڵĸ롣

һ磬ʵϣҲ޵ǳ㡣
ûάֵĻЩ粻һֱڣ˵Ӵˡ
ЩͶһԽߣЩʵϵͬʱЩҲᳯ䣬벻֪磬Щıʻ𽥷仯
ֻ֮һ㣬Ĳ֣ԶЩԽ߸Ҫ
˵ûֻ֮ļƻɹʺܵ͡
У¶磬ĩһ̣ٶϵҪֻ֮ЩԽߵĹͬŬ
Ǳߵ磬δ֪ģûܴƱ˵ضɹ
ǣѾǷΨһѡˡ
ʦء
ǳ㣬棬ֻ֮վţߵǰδеĲ԰ףͬһڵĻӰʱʧ
ֻ֮׹㡣
ֻ֮΢Цŵ˵ͷû˵һ̣Ӱ飬ȫʧʵһ˿ϵϾ

ǧ
һգǰͻȻһһĵط
һ߼ʵ󣬶ں֮Уţÿһ㣬һʶƬΣǻţѾҵӦĹ㣬ǰţţעҪˡ
֮
̾˿ʥ̾˴
޾ʶļ壬Ҳνڤڤе־
ͬ飬ǵǿ֮УҲŲͬĴСף޾ǿĴ֮һ֮һصľˣͬһ̫ҫ۵Ĺâ֮һǡ
ĹâҫʶĹ֮УҲʹĹâӵҫۣ˷ɢ
ʱ̵ˡ
֮ǹرյģǣĩҲǿţһӡǣΪǿߡ
ʱҲһУ֪ĩĲ棬Ҳ֪ˣҪһλǿߣһֻصӡǣȹĩţ׿϶ҲѾ֪
硣
۾桢վԡ
Ҫ׼ˡ˼һۣ֪ʱͣӵ˶ٵ򣬿֮ˣ˵ʱ̵֮пսʼ
ûʱ䣬ȥǿ
ߣΨһ̵ϣս٣ʱ䳹ͣͨʵ޽ģһ̣֮ǰҪ֤Լţ״ܡ
˶һۣǲף޷֮˵սУģҲֻзˡ
ûκεĳɡ
벻빲
á
һ̤˼ǧ꣬Ҳǵ뿪ʱ
ѸСŷڡ
󣬷ͷҲصȥ
ڷ뿪£һλǿ׽٣ȴ޹һˡ
֮УԼĹâԼĴڸС
ĩԤУĸ졣
ʥľжϣһǧڣͻӭʱ̣Ҳ˵Ҫ֤Լһǧꡣ
Ĵ޵ԣҲóǱ伣ˣֻ֮ǵƤӵ͵͵磬Ϳɼһߡ
ҲӰˣⳡпɱУΨвǿΨһ
űײʤӵаߵһУøǿ־ָӹķΧҲעˣռԽԽС
һǧ꣬ǳѰ



1943 ĩ
Űٶˡ
пһ̧ͷ֮ϣһƺƵĳӣҲͷᴩ˹
ʱ䳤ӡ
ֻطܿʱ䳤ӣôһͨĵطڷǰȻȴûκ⣬Ϊʱ˿̣޾̧ͷֺܿ׳ĳӡ
ĩĵģʱ䳤Ҳ֮䡣
Կ⴨Ϣʱ䳤ӣٶԽԽǰԽԽ٣͡
ʱ䳤ֹͣһ̣Ҳֹ֮ǰ
ʱĩʱ֡
״̬£еͣͣΨײܶжԽǿףʱдãֱһλǿߡ
ʥļ֪ʱͣһֱ޾ɢûͣ¡
ǣҪʱͣӵ޾ÿһڣĩŻή٣ʵϣҪܶࡣ
ǲɢʱͣͣһΪأԤʾĩĵǣΨʱ䳤ֹͣһ̣ĩ
ʼ֮أһֻصԴΪĵĹ޾жģﲻᱻͣͣȵĩ֮ʱŻһͣˣŸǻĿռ͸Ŀܡ
ͻڳʼ֮ˣ֮ɱҲҵ¡
˵ĻûκγɹĿܣļƻܳɹȻȴĩģлġ

ƻϲϱ仯̾˿ǰ
ֹܿᴩĴҽţƵĻ
֮Ľ棬ʲôؼ֮ѾΪƾ׵ıƴƴǱ˴˵Ĵʵײ
ǰλףһλԶڷ֮ϣӽ˹ߡ
ȻŰٶ꣬Ҳǰ׻ģһֱ׵ս֮⣬ʵϣЩҲα׵սУնоյ롣
ʵ󣬿Ǳ伣ȴǱɲ⡣
λǿףǷΧ㣬ڷȴǿȫԴӱĵطȥս
ǣȴλǿһ㣬еĿĵأҲŰǰפĵط
Ҫڶ磬ͱصΪЩ磬Ǳêģŷһƶ
Ȼĩû׽٣ʵ޵ĽҲûȫģЩˣλףӦǲ쳣Ż˴³λ׵뷨
λף֪ê˴ʲôЩΪģ磬ҲûãǣЩеڶ飬ɵĻͬ׳ǵϾǿҪ۵ģʵ޾飬
λǿߵ·ȴûбѡ
Ψһ·

κϣľ
飬ǰδеƽ
Ű̫׵䣬һЩ˵ףλϣԼûҲû˵ף׷䡣
ѿ
Ψѡ
㾡һȥŬȥԣĽʧܣҲܽˡ
Ȱɡ
ƽȴš
ʱţڣǺ嫵ʱ䳤ԽԽգ׵ֹͣ
ĩˡ
һ˲䣬޾ʱ⣬ͣˡ
ڷĸ֪ؼһУ˲䶨񣬷·𱻰¿ŵƬΨһжģˡ
ܸоԼ˼ά𽥱Ҳڽʧȥԣһ˼άֹͣתǷҲڴˣΪ⾲ֹһ֡
ҵս
ûκԥȫٳêȥĿӽλ׵ģ̱ǲ
ĩ٣׶ץʱһеĻܱףλҲ⡣
ܵȵǷֳʤʵԶǣûǷֳʤ¾Ѿʧȥжʹ䡣
ˣλ׵һʱ䷢˷
úá
λУһλ̫ͬŽ׷һĴϯڡ
˫βֻ࣬Ҫһ˲䣬ֳܷʤ
˷֮ǿ󣬻΢ƣǰĶ֣̤С
ܿʵ޵ĽѾģêһ磬Ҳǻ¶ǣѾ޷ȥˣʱϣҲ磬ɳλ׵ĵز
𡣡
̾ϢһŬˣҲʧˣƽӭԼ֮ʱ
֮ϣȻͣ͵ʱ䳤ͻȻ۳һ⻪Ϊһ߹ڹŷӣڷǰ
ʱס
ǵһμ棬ϳ˶Է


1944 һ⣨֣
ʱס
λһֻصǿߣʥֻ֮ѹĿֲڣô׵ĳڷǰ
ΧһжͣҪɱ˷̫ŽҲһλǿס
֪ʧȥжڴˣʱڵķΧʱ䱻ָ˿ʱ˵Ǻܳʱ䣬ɶ̫Žһλ׶ԣȴһ˲䡣
ĩ٣ʱ䳤ֹͣ
޾ľԣʱѾû壬ǵҲѾڣΨףǿʵܶݵĳʱ䳤ӣΧʱڡ
Щʱ䳤ӵĴڣԼǵʱʧĩļ£һ̣ʱ佫ᵹعʯţŵȴһֻء
ڼ䣬ǿߣǻϣȹֻأûУһֻصӡǣ֮ᣬڡ
ת֮䣬˺ܶ࣬ƽĿʱףڳˡ
μ棬۷ʱ¶һ˿ЦݣʵУǵһμ棬ҿܶˣһž޵ţһֻأһֻأ㶼ܹʶĿ
λʥ²ңʱͬΪʱ䳤ӵһ֡
һֻؿʼʱ䳤Ҿ˳˯Σҵӳ޾ʱ﷢飬ǳҲǳľʣģʱ̶ΣҲʱ̶һЩ¼ӡ̣У㡣
ҡš΢ĩгɳ硣
ʹңҲδô̵ʱɳһϧ̫ˣһֻصǿߣߡ
ƽĿûдϡ
ʱ׻Լڷǰʱףطǳȴûжв
ʱ׵һͶӰˣ»ʱ䳤Ϊһ壬û
Ŀʲô
Ϊʲôѡڳ֡
Ҳϣʱ΢΢һЦһװɡ
Ȼһûʱ䳤ӵһЩӰ죬ʱ䣬㹻ʱЩ磬̤ߵĲΣֻȥһ˲ʱŵ
Ŀ΢ʱ׵ĻһҲҪġ
żУʱµ󷨣ʱٲͬʱԳ֣ʹǽʱ䳤ӵҲܴﵽһ˲ǧЧҪʱ䡣
Ҫʲôţʱ׻Ϊ֡
ʱڵ״̬Ҫֿ϶򵥣ûĿĲô
֪𡣡ʱ¶ɫϸֻأɱ󣬳Ϊǿߣ۳ۣ֮Ȼ־ʱȴһпʵ
ҵĲ֮۲ȱһ顣
ƾŲĲۣ֮ͬܶȹĩһֻأǣĴ۾ǲ֮޷ٶȹһֻأңҪǣԶûл֤㡢ɾͲࡣ
ˣѡ˷ӡԼʱ䳤ͬûƾŲ֮ȥǿжȹĩ
ұΪǿҲ۷һ̣ǣֻĩʱ̣ʱ䵹ʱѣʱи
һ̣Ҿͱĩ
ңеڶλᣬʱ䳤֤ͬΨһᡣ
˵ͷ
Ų֮۶ȹһδֻأǹӲдˣһֱȥʥ
ΨڳΪǿߵһ̣˲ۣ֮ǿҲ۷ʱֻʱл֤㡢ɾͲࡣ
ǣǺѺѣܣʥʧˡ
ʱ׵Ĳ֮ǲģûл֤ˣѡ񣬽ϣһֻأҲ֮УҲֻʱ䳤ͬӡ۷Լ
ȵȣȱٵһ飬ѵǡͻȻһ¶˼֮ɫˣΪʲôʱ׻ԼΪʲôס
û֮ȱٵһ飬ʥ档ʱ׵ͷ
Ȼ
ʥϸֻصǿߣҲϸֻأǸֻص飬Ĳۣ֮ҪӡǵģȻͬŲ֮۵ʥ棬ܶȹĩҲ˲ʱɵҲΪʥĴڣʹʱ׵Ĳ֮޷
Ҫ׵ģʥӡУһֻصĲ֡ʱ׿϶˷Ĳ²⡣
ǲǵˣʱиʱһֻѾǿߣˣвǡ
ңʱ䳤ͬûнһֻأް۲֮ۡ
֮䣬ʵûгͻ
̾˿׹ʥʱ̣Ѿԣö壬治ʥļ䣬ͬϸֻغֻصӡǡ
ɽ

ʱɽ׺󣬷ǰȥܣһСʱ䳤ӻš
̫Žһλһɷ˹ȥǱʱͣˣ˫ʱٲһ̫ˣ˶ԷֹЧ
ߵê㣬ʱȻӿ죬һ̳ڷǰ
Ҳֻ֮ڷǰѾˣ֮Ҳ˿⣬Ще飬һȫͣʱֹͣ
ʦˡ
ʼɡ
ûеʱ䣬̿磬һ磬ߵļƣʹչ̷ǳĿ죬ʮͳɹҲΪһ֡
ֻǿʼԽԽǿٶҲԽԽ졣
һʮٸ
һҲգ̤˹ߵУͬʱ֮Уֻ֮ҲǻΪ㣬˷Ĺԡ
ʲôǹߣ麣;λףǹߡ
ʱǵСʱ䳤ӵҲѾľʧܵʱָ
úá
̫ŽĴ˷ʱȥһ˲䣬Ȼôһ˲䣬ͷ췭ظı仯̫ŽŵĿλСҡһ䣬Ϊ˱ǸΪǿĹߡ
ôܡ
ûλ׷Ӧǿ󵽼µĴϯǡ
λǿףĴһ׳ĩ٣йѾѾҪȥ޾ѰұףֻҪԼĴɢһλλ׻ǵӡǼɡ
ܿ죬˵һλߡ
ϤĴһ
麣
ǻΪ麣λߣ˫ľ벻֪Զڴʱȴײһ
ԷҲǹߣȻڷĴϯ£ȴҲûмֶþͱΪһ֡
⡣
νĹߣڵʱ䶼ǳˣǵڹϵʱڣ͵˼ޣòͨ˯Ӳдֻĩ٣һ̣ѣ˵ǲŸûá
ȴһ·ڶף̫ŽһλףڹҲǿߡ
麣λߣת۱
߲磬벢ԶҲܶˣܿ죬ҵλߣ˳ǣʱ֮УȻǶأų޾ҫ۵Ĺԣģ޼
֪˶ã֮Уʣͨ쳹صĹߣֱռ˰ڽɽ
Ŀȥλߡ
һӴĹ֦ҶʢԷҲʵĴڣЩ´ڣһһΪӡա
˫ռһӡǣȥûʤ㣬ĥʱ⣬Ľܾˣʹǿ޷
ûκԥ̾ʱ䳤֮ϣΪԣʼʱ䳤ӡ
ʱ䳤ֹͣûδڱ˫ƽ֣Ψһģǹȥ
˭ռݹȥ˭ܻܶԷΪǿߡ
ȷһģҲǻΪԣʱ䳤죬ֺĳӱȾѷȺѸɢ
ǧǰ
峤ն۷壬ӸɱأҪŪʥˣԸֶء
˫ݱʱͻȻؼһصľ˺һųĹռǡ
ûǷӦͷ׷׻Ϊӡǣ˫
ʮǰ
翪֮ħɱ룬ڶʥӭս
Ȼؼֵľ˺͹£սȻֹ
ǰ

ͬĻ棬ʱϣ޾ÿһȥʱƬΣλ߷׷ռݣǳһʱڵ㣬һλá
֮
ǿž޴ĹͻȻһ̾Ϣ鿪Ϊӡǣһߵľڡ
ⳡʱ䳤еսЦ
ʥļ;飬һȲȣʼûᡣ
ӡǻ۶ڷ۳һӡۡ
֮ۡ
Ϊһֻصǿߡ
ڷΪǿߵʱʱ䳤УһӰ˳ɢڷǿԡ
ʱס
ףˡ
ԵĻټ
˶һۣûм˵ǵĲ֮۶ģҲǿ״̬
һ̣ʱ俪ʼһж֮عԭ
ǿĹߣʱĵ£ҲصСʱǻδʱ
ǣʱ׶ǿߣڵĲ֮ɢҫ۹ԣǳסʱ䵹ĳˢ
Χһбû磬Ҳʱס
һжʱ䳤ӵĵص˹ʯţδ֣һжǲ֪ܸӦĴڡ
֪ôȥôԼͻὥ˯ֱһֻز֮ᱻĥʧȥ̬
Ҫֻأ֤㣬ΨһĻᡣ
һ⣬ҪԥǵȥɣֻصΨһᡣʥĻڷԺ
Ϊ˲Լ˯ƶţӾһ㣬ǿͷϷȥ
Χޱ޾ڰͷҲϣ
֪Լ˶ãҲ֪Ѿȥ˶ãʶԽԽģڵĲ֮ҲԽԽ˼άҪֹͣתʱͻȻһâϷ
ȫһԾûǵ⡣

ȫꡣ
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