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ݼ飺
һķ񣬴Խա㡢





1 
ܴ˯ۣǰһĻĻѾӦˡ
ɫʣ˵ǲļƷƽֵơ
С£ɢһ˿˿ɫӤΧΪΪº͵ϢϳˢһɹĸоƮƮɣʱ˯
˵һ̹ҲǶһݡ
Ψһϧľǣ˵˰֪꣬ùˡ
ͷϣǸߴʮסҲɵݶԿŸӺÿĻơ
һưûʹʺɫִŰ֮ɫ
һеһУʾŲ
鶯תתͿΪƯĹǰҪ鿴
ﲻ̾ϢһѾˣǻǰ
ûԽˣ˵Խߴ֮һ
ܺãֱӾӣݸ߹󣬻ǸӤҲ±֡
˵ʵһʼЩϲϾǴԽһֳΪ˵·;ᡣ
󣬾Ǿˣδ֪ľ£жһϢľȡ
µţ֪˲ϢǴͥеǸ̡
ǸΪδ
է֪֮£ʵ£еֻڴ˷ܣϾ̫ţˡ
槼нɽˣԺΣϾӵй
һǰͨ붼ܻᡣ
һЩϢзǳɻ󣬲⡢ӵǳһʱ䡣
ⲻǷ񣬻˵Բǰ֪Ǹ
ϾǸûд̴ǿ޵Уǰնɱһλա޼ɻµľ
ǸҲûдͥͳ˧˰Ѿ߹˰ʮ£кġ
ǸҲû޵кģѹ¼
Ĵ̺ǿҲǿһ㶼֪Ǹ
ΨһģһЩˡ
ı˸ңųƴͥʮӽ۵
ǵܣδ
磬ܣܡ֮ľͲˣϾͳ̫һ
֪ибȸɣţ
֮ⲻ֪Ǹ
ɻ󡢲⡢ӵ֮󣬾Ǽľ壬ٹһʱ䷽źת
ֱڣѾӦˣֶӦˡ
û취ӦΣ
ô룬δ
ھıʲôǰҲֻܵǰ
ЩѲ벻룬ӻҪġ
ڹúܺá
ʱΪĹСּһԼӣû󣬾С
óԷˡ
һɫСУŰɫҺ壬ɢһ㡣
𽫵·ѹ⣬ŽСС
ǵܵĳԷ£ûʲộֻɫҺԡ
ֻɫҺ壬һ˿˿ʼӿ
ЩҺӿ¶˰ı飬̫ˡ
ЩҺ弫Ϊºͣǿÿһ֡
ڱǿڱЩܸоһһǿ
ʱݵƣЩҺ˵ĸ飬ȥԣֻ顢Һ֮۷Ѫĵرƶɡ
ޱȵºԣʹǶӤҲûа˺ǸӤö֮һ
ÿһζ쳣Ѱ˸룬Ǵͥӵרö
ÿ¾ܵС裬һСָǿ׳ݣ󲿷ֶǿĸʣǱ
ҲóԱĶ
費һᣬܾ˯ˣû취Ӥ˯οҺӿ
ʱҺ꣬𽫵ܱСĴ·Ӥϼ˯
һʮʱ˯ʮʱǵڵ
ģÿܸܵԼǿζȴҲܡ
֮⣬ҲרÿһЩ飬оĴ壬Ҳд̽Ĵ˵ȵȡ
ȻװʵȴǶ㲻Ź֪ЩϢ󲿷ҲǴġ
ר˶ЩʣµĽһʱУ󲿷ֶоǸֵܷܡ
һСš
ʽɫأʲôоĪģ֪ԭ
˵Խнָ
²ĽָϧһֱûзӦ
Ҳ٣ԽѵõԽ
˵ʹżΣ

һ壬ȴĵָֻһִ£۵Сϴ࣬߳ԼסĹ
󣬸һһ̫࣬ǰ
ʱůĹâѾĴأͥһһεĳҲʼˡ
ΪӣȻҪμӵġ
ȻֻǸĺͯΪеԵʣ˱ͳ磬οҵĺӡ
ȥѾȫӦ磬ĹأӦݡ
ͥӡ
һʶ˺ܶ࣬ǰȫһ
Ųб鲼ȻȻܴ󣬱鲼һǬ
ݵλĲͬӵвͬȨޣЩȨ޶̫ͨ˵ãǼӿǵٶȣϾﲻܷС
Դʱĵ˵Ҳࡣ
ûжã̫๬ʧˣһ߽
ͥҪĹ
ĽŲͬһӰ񣬻ǵͷʾ⣬ȳ
λúԳɿռ䡢ޱȺƴУҲĲˡ
˴ҡ
֡֡վãܾǰ
ı˴硢磬ܡ
ܿˡͬʱ΢Ц
˶ѳ꣬˴ϵףֵܼ治ࡣ
ӵܣ湤ǲġ



2 
һڴ̨վá
ǵλãڳӺ֮ĵط
·Ǵͥس
ɫƽվǣеĺ⼸ˡ˵ˡ
̫ʦ١ȸɡݡƹ÷Ρ
ȵسǺǿڵжǿǾͲ֪ˡ
Ͼڵʵ̫СûʼʽС
ֻһ㣬֪У͡СڻҰĴڡ
ֹһᣬˡ
ȥʮҵӣӡǳĺɫۣͷƽڡ
䲻ɢҲء
ΣĿ⸩Ӽ䣬һּΪء嫵ϡ
ϣ򰲡
ɫ
һ׵£ڵ˵һֻḶ́ţڶ󳼺͵ҵĶԻ
ûôСͳͷ츳ϣȫ¶ͷ
һǲ˽⣬ǰ֪ǰ֪һʺڡ
̫Сھ¶ͷûô
ϾⲻзļʮͿԵλҶλǧˣ⣬ǧУλ
ôС¶쳣ļʶʵû¡
ʱγ᷽Ž
ȺȥҲصԼ
ȻͿʼһЩŤľµơ
̫СУ˵ֻ壬ȴ巢졣
ʱȻʵ˵⡣
棬ǳǻֻۣû֪ˡ
巽棬ǰ׷ѵģӵ巽涼ûʲô⡣
ֻǿ̶Ȳͬʽĳ̶ȣȴǴﵽˡ
Ͼǳȫ
ʹһͷ̣ҲԳɾˡ
ƣǶģʺͯĹ϶
ּ򵥣ȴ򵥣źǰ˰ԼڶҪĶ
Ѿˡ
ҹϣﵽ˽ʮҡ
֪Ϊʲôʱĺܶණ̳ʱڲӦóֵĶ
ĶԱȣһʮ
ʱ̴ŵƽڡ
ȵණǣҲûж롣
ܲӦĻô죿
ʮǰΪֲȻ˵ҲǷǳġ
˵Ҳô¡
ͨ׶ξǶ壬ȵʴﵽʮңͿԳѹΪʽ̤·;
˼ңҪΪ⣬оΪ˴һû׶ҲǶ塣
䣬ӵжʮҪĲǰѭ򽥽ûһ˿Ӱδ飬ȷܿɹġ
磬ʱûʮ
Դ֪ܽ˺󣬱Ƿǳˣû˵ȴǸܵĴԼһЩ
ʱܷ꣬ͨ죬ϢЩңĺܴ
ڴϢԼϾҪˣоһ˷ܡ
ΪѾӦ֮ʱͿʽˡ
Ҫ֪磬ǰſʼǰ꣬ԲС¡
뵽ʽȻ˷ܡ
Ϊӣ⼸˽ĶԽ࣬Խĵĺ嫣ֱǸ޵Ԩˮĸ
ҲΨǿеЩİ
Ͼ⣬δȻ˽ķһ
ܶȴҲƵģԽԽԽȥ
ôõõأȥ
ôҲֻŬˡ
ҲǼ򵥵ģҪʹﵽˣһûй
ǵҲ塣
СûȨֻܹԹ
Ϣһ£еǸСţˣСһ㶯ûС
Īģоȵ֮ʱصĶ¶һ㶫
Դˣڴ˲֪ã˵ʵûнָԼδûġ
գ۾¹ȥһ죬ˡ
һףĹҲѾ׼˸ϲ֮
ڱģûˡ
Ͼһĸʱѹԭܼ򵥣ʵ̫ܲϵˣܸ䵮µܾѾǲˡ
ҲΪʲôҶôٵԭ
ûĸף˭ף
ȻҲû˼ǵã˸Ҳеˣϵµ̫Ů٣Ҳһ
ںЩյȥò׵ȵʱ䣬ҲûͱҪ
ϣҿԼҵСӣһ˿ڴҲû˵ʲôָһ죬һâֱԺС
ȥúò򣬲ҪżҵȻ˵
ǣˡܻλЩκԺ˳˹
ٶȷԼڣ£ܾͲ鿴ҸĶ
ʱ󣬷˿¶˿˿ϲɫ

ͥ߼Ĺǵϵ
һɴ̵ԴڣҸй⡣
֪ʶʵʱ̵ܡ
ϾвǼ򵥵ģרһ⣬ԵܿǰĲա
ܼ򵥣ϸϸһᣬûԥֱӿʼ
綼Ѿ׼ãҲûʲôΣգѾȲˡ
о񣬻ȵƺҪŷϸȥؼ
ʽ̤ѣֻҪʴﵽͿԸӦӶա
Ȼʱ򹦷þˡ
ʮϢܾ͸ܵؼ顢·һĶ
ȫ֮£ſڡ
⣬ҲǴ˷ţһššʮšٿš
䣡
ӵֱ壬֮ģһЯѹ
ҪΪУȻҲҪĿ顣
ѹĿ飬ҲΪʲôҪʴﵽһ̶ȵԭ
ԵܵȻܳסѹԽԽ븹Ͱķת



3 
֮УԣƾãͨҲܻһٶϡ
ھͨ˴룬ЩֱӰͨ
ܵȻˣͬʱľҲڶţѰֿͣͨ
շţնʼһЩ֮УⲻǸ򵥵顣
תǸӣǶԸտʼе˵
ʱ̱ȫעľ
һȦһȦģʼˣԽӵӦ֣Ҳö˲һϢ
һȦ֮󣬶ȻһɺءûʵϢܱҲȾϢ
΢ϲ֪Ƕˡ
ʽ̤ĵ·
ͬʱһ֮УĿ¶ο
Ȼüͷһ壬һϢһ˲һ˿ȣգָֻƽֻ˫һĨͺ⡣

ߣеܵ岻ֳ֪ˡ
Ǻĺô͸⡣
òҲ࣬ȥʮ߰ҡ
ͣ˫ȭգһ˷ֱͷˡ
ܸܵԼǿһЩƺǾˢѹ
棬ոȻǿ
һգᳬǿȣݣʱܿܿ졣
ûһΪܲס̫ʱѹ
ܸоǸСŻᷢЩʲô
Ӧһ´ʱò߷ﵽңһɵǰףһʮߣҲǰһҡ
Ϊǿ׳ı֡
ò棬ķչȥ̫˧Ҳ֮ˡ
һͿʼоǸصСš
ˣź޶
Ҳʧȴûз
ΪԼܿӲδܵˡ
СԼֻ߿ԼͥǿΪĵһ־ͳǿ˸С
ǿǿм޵ġ
Ǽɽֻ룬͸оͷۡ
ȻϣСţǿҶûܷ϶
ٴоһʱһѹͷƺƿڴĳ嶯
ӣδûзȡ
ƽЩʧСŻûκζ
ѵֻ
̾һȥϤˡ
û취Σ
֮У͸ɫȴŶϢȥֻһˮôࡣ
ɵΪɵȫ罭Ӱ㣬ͿѰͻˡ
ĺ嫣˵ѣ˵Ҳѡ
˴磬ûô໨֣һˣ罭Ӱ㣬ɱɷǵڶ硣
ʱ޵߳Ϊɣʽ̤·
Ȼ̫ƺɣҲĬˡ
磬ʽΪ
嵽һڴͥҲһԱСˡ
ڶԵ˵򻹱ȽԶһı˴˲ܴ󣬳ߺ۷ߣֱǲܱȡ
ɾǳߡ
Ϣһᣬо󣬾ͼʼѾʶȥˡ
գۣǽһʱȥδʱѹ롣
ڵѾ쵽ޣٴͣʱȻСŹâţɫĹâգ۾ͳȫ
һʧ
һͷǣҺδʱİɣСŹȻܡ
Ӱʧȴ˷֣ʹĵҲˡ

ԺУܸоԴЩңһֻ̡Թȥ
һʱ󣬷ۣ֮ʱ˿˿˷֮ɫβס


գ
ǸСĺڳա
Ȼ䣬Ȼɵĸоϣˣ
ΣϣΪӮˡ
ӰСһ룬ܲɣ
Σѹ˷֮飬ϸĥǸСš
ٴδԽˣΪǰЩһĴȻһк֪ܶĶ
ա
ʱݣʵۣȨ
ҪľǸСţһôһǴԽ磬ڡ
һһŹ
ԽҲ˵û˵ȴǿ޵С
Ϊʳ޵ۻ֮
ûԲᣬ֮ǿ޷
֮УΪεҵλ
ǵΪͳˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪˡͲˣ˺ôܶࡣ
ڡسء
һˡ岿˺֮أ
ʹǿ˺Ͳ˸ء
Ǹܳʱе֮
ԴУģҲ˰ǧҲҵˣ
ȴΪΪʳóеǷ⻹ֲ
жǿֻ˽ܣ޷󣬵ֻ֪ǿס
Լ壬ֻɫ£ûʵĹ滹ҹɫ
Ѿˣ΢һȦΧһ
Ҳȹݵ⣬ֱϥȲʼ
ǿȴܼ򵥣ͷһ˿ˡ
ȫע֮£Χʼ۶üͷһĸܱȡ
̫֮ϡˡ
ڶԣȴҲȫ㹻ˣοҪˡ
վţʼͨˡ
һ֮ͨ£͸о˲ԡ
еЩ١
Ǵӣߴˣյݣߴˡ
Ӧúܶǡ
룬ˣʱѾںģߵȻҲûˡ
ϵˣȫϴˡ



4 ˻
Ȼ粻ܸȣܸȡ
µһΪʵۣµһȨ֮ˡ
ϵҲԲСΪЩ٣ҲֻԶԡ
Ѱ˵ǿ޷
Ҫǣǻʵۡ
ʵĻʵۣͱǻʵۡ
һʼ
ʵˣרַ֮£˿˿ȥ
ͬʱҲȥ
գۣ˫ͽӴˣϢڣܿжȥ
תľܶ࣬ʱתһȦ
ڶȦʱ˺ܶࡣ
Ȧʱ١
һȦһȦӿڵ˺ԽԽࡣ
ʱһȥ֪Ӻʱǹȥ˽ȥ
ˣֻоܶණ֪ͬҲ½½ȥ
˵Ҳ֪ʲô⣬ӦþǾнܵĶ
ۻۻ񡢾ȵȵȵ翵Ķ
֪ȥãڡ
䣡

ﴦһ𶯺漴һϸСΪ߰
·ٵأ·â޸ƺڰ
ܻһԴǰδеľ
ɹˣ
һȫȻͬĸоȻ

һƽɫСζš
צɢһϵϡ
ء
ǹϵϢ޷죬µһ
ĻϲɹˣǾ
Ȼֻһƣȷɹˡ
Ϣڵ϶ûܵôĵۻ֮ڣϢġ
ϢϣҲǿ쳣
ֻһƣȴоˮôǿܶ࣬˫ܱȡ
ϸϸţƾӣʣµģʹ䳤󣬵ȳ󵽾ų߾ţͿѰڶ׶εľˡ
ʱľҲǿʼʾ޵֮

ţʱͬʱȡ֮׳
ҲǾı̬ط֮һԶˡ
ǰ֮㹻
ܺķܸ֮Ӧһ£Ѿȥ߲֮ң߲Ҳ㹻׳һ̶ȡ
ȻЩ֮ȥʧɴڣֻǴڵܵľУڵܵϣǰûʲô
˵Ǻȥʵֻ֮Ϊʵ
֮ĺķˣҲᷢõ¡
һ£Сʱ䣬ѾһңɫСϢԽǿϡ
˳ý֮ˡ
ۣͼ⣬̫๧ţһ׷ͯգģ
ȫעעŵܵ䱸ܡ
ۣɫϲϲõļϸɤӵϲ񹦴ɡ
Цˣƨ
ĵϲϤĿЦɡ
л¡ɢҳϺ͹Ϣ˵ˣū澡ӵϢ
Ϊʲôòû䣬ȴΪյԭ򣬵û̫ࡣ
Īʮļ䣬һ
ҲΪʲôô󣬸ֱһǼԭ
ȻõЩ˭Ҵ
˵ݣաİ˻֮
ᶽᶽȴã̫ɡ
廢»δϾǶְˣǲһֱ⡣
˵ǰ֪ЩһµһĲΪ˰˻֮һмԭҲûеġ
͢ˣһӻһ
Ժм䣬ܻ˵ֱּǴ
ʵݣ̫
Ŀģܼ򵥣
ˣҪǿҪˡ
λøˣܼ򵥣ʹǿ
޾Դ֪ĵ˵̫ѣġ
˿֣ľǷˡ
ޱչ⼸գʲô·´΢̵ʵȻܺá
ʹø̫ﵣı˼Ρ̹ӵ
ȴⰵһ۲Ҳæ˵
ܵ˵ͷձҲģ֣Ϊͻƹذ
Ȼǻɣ˭ܻɣ˭ָһɣ

˵˼䣬ùŮϴ
һлûŪã˻֮˾ͷ׷׸Ͻһƨĵĵ̾ΪֹǼÿһ仰ܵԼӢиŵ㣬еȻΪˡ
ȥݼ̫յĸҲһŮˡ
һʵ۵˩סȻѣʷϺܶŮҲˡ
һʵ۾ֻԼһŮˡ
ҲֻһŮˣλ̫ܲǴ棿
ҶԷΪ̫ջʮǻȴ˿̰Ȩǰ֮£һͺ
ֻǿϧǰУһЩڵȥգӡ
λͺ
̺ƽӦ̫󲢲ѡ
˼ת䣬ȥ鷿
ǰռ˴˼ǻ꣬ԳûȤȻҪȥġ
ȻȻնԳ²Ȥò˵һλ˼ͨ͸ӢǿӲ֮ˡ
֮С
ǰڸ׸ϳҲ˵ͻ˸ȽԸºһЩ
鷿˻֮׵誵˾ӭ
¶ڸ˾̫ࡢҲ誹ͬ
ϣܿʼЩĵЩѶҸЩģҲǹŴ۵ĳ¡
Ŵӡܹϸѵʮļ侭飬ܲÿ
ֻǵȷЩģңЩ۴󲿷дĶöʵֻȼ䣬ģģ
ЩҡͷǻʵۣЩҪİ



5 Ĺ
Աߣ΢΢ʱעԼұ¡
˵Ŀ꣬źñ£ĽǴҪġ
Щĵǣһֵı£ôͻȻˣ
²ɣ
ţЩżҪԶûôˡ
ȻȻֳϹϾǹӵϢ
ͬʱһ۵еۣ۵ˣ﷢ݡ
ñü
һʱûעλ˻֮ף𼸷ۿš
ûһᣬȻһλ̫˽ϣ
Ŷüͷһ¶һĨЦ⣬
ǡ
ˣȤ
Ҳһλ
Աߣ˫һĨݣĵ֮һ
һᣬһλźںɫ۵߽鷿Ϊº͵ƺ塣
μϡһһë
񡣡֣ΪĿӣ֪кҪ£
ǴӵܣΪס˲ͯͨչֳʦǿʵӴܵȻӡ
Ȼ󣬲Ȼ֮齨ɽׯ
Ȩ֮һϴ˽ҰĶ࣬ǶЭĳԿ̫
ϣѾʮղϳؿ糯һ񣬹мӵͬʱԵĹ
۹һĨɷ䲻ǰ֪Ȩ㳯Ұ
Ҳȷܷ⣬˵
Ļ̫£
ŶӦһ˶٣˼ºȻ֪ԼҪģһЩģ
ʱüͷһ£û뵽ܻ˵ԤĲһҲЩͬ
ҲЩ죬漴ǼĿһӡ
ԼұǲЩ󳼺ϳԲŻ˵ֱˡ
ɽׯ£ٹٵȷѾΪǰ糯һᶨ
һӵܣⲿţȻܺͳϵã۵ܵ˼ʲôһ¡
º͵Цһ£ض룬޲û˼
˶٣һ̾ðɣȻˣա޾糯
Ӻ誶һ㶡
ϴӦˣ
ݺüһ治ĳĻϣΪ󡢶Ӧˣ
һƣȴ̸˵ʥ
ˣʹСϳҲһʱģϾͻ᲻ˡ
ȥϳΪԼĹͣ档
οԼӷƽ̬
ǰΪһãһΪ˲鿴ǰյһϢûУЩɻ󣬵̫Թڵİ̫ǿˣҲΪ
ΪȰϳˢ
ΪܻΪȰ棬ϳ
ȻЩ벻ͬӦҲʲôĳ롣
һ֮󣬸ӵһ뷨࣬ΪԼұӦֻһʱҲû̫롣
ӾˣϱƽôһλĻʵû̫ƫ
Ҳǰץʱ䣬ȥӡ
ӡǰʮļ䣬óȥʲô顣
¶ڻλˣʵ̫̫ˡ
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˭ҰģⶫԼʵ׳ģ̫ҳ
ֻҪǿֻҪãӾֻһĹ
ԣԼİŮһ
ôһ޴Ҫ˵ܻܻΪãЩͰ׹ˡ
Ȼһеĸǿ
ȷǿΪµһִôĻ۵̣֮⣬ûһжô
յļ䣬ЩͶˡ
ԣŻּᷢ򵥡Ǵ
ŶӽĶλЦЦ˼һ誣ָĻ飬ʲô⣿
誱͹ĵɫ˼֣дϲǶӲ̫˰
ţϸɤӵӦþΪ˱ϳ֮£ֻǲ֪⵽Լ֮⣿һЩԱ֮⣿
˳ŵܸղʵ⣬ɫȻ̿ūڲһЩ
ܿ誵ıݣƽ˵
ЩɻܸƽЩһҲû룬ͷȥĹ£ΣΪӵܣߵ̫վǲõİ
ãкβãƽһ㶣⻰ˣôҪ˵ȥ
һݣȸҩĻ̫ˣӦץסǡ
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ʥϲæ˵
ţȥ۶ùҪˣֻҪ˭ģ֣µ˵ţһᶨӡ



6 ľ绮

һɫˡ

ǣô뵽ˣ
ӦԶ
Щˡ
ôˣüͷһ壬誡
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£ūŲںʲôʦʦģūֻǱµļū²ūޣūͲޡ誸ϽĨȥᣬĵ˵Щί
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У߷Ϊ졢졢ʦʦ
ʮͻƵʱɱ䣬ͻƵʦʱٴξһɱ䣬ʱΪѾǺĵһ׶ˡ
е񣬾ǲǿ壬Ҳһ
Ȼˣֻһɱ䡣
첻˵ʦʵѾǶһҲǴȶ¡ѹķҪ֮һ
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ڴʦǿߣǧҲǲ࣬񽭺ϣֻһ˴ڡ
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Ҫǣҵֻܿɽһǣֻ֪ǿ
ЩִƴȨļūȴ֪һЩġ
˵ǰѹһУС֮е˿˱뷨
ģвʦʵ߲鷿
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ںûҰ
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ȻһЩȨûˮ򲡶Щˡ
Σ˭ȷأ
ĴʵۣûվȨͶΨצˡ
ۣʱҲһڲ׳ľ
ΪΪǳǿͷţ˭Ҳܲ
ʱ誺ӵʦǿ߶ܸܵ˭ָҶ˵ʲôأ
һֱʱ֣Ŷ鷿ֿһʱŻǬ幬Ϣ
Ϊǰ֣Ƶıǰסʹڱоס
ǰڱУȥݼ̫鷿
鷿ʵֻǻʵ۶顢ѧϰĵطʽ޹ճĵطǬ幬
鷿ҲֻΪ˾
ڵܻصǬ幬Ϣ誺͸̵Ĳȴõ˶ǲģҲûҶ롣
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֮УȴȫһƬϲ֮⣬ϵ̫µӡ
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ǶӣԺٻȥܻǬ幬ϢǾлˡ
ͬʱΪģҰĵĻʹ¶ķϢ
ܶϢزסģܼӡôʱ鷿һЩС̫ġ
û˵⴫Ѿ˵һЩˡ
ټӿ϶˵
ʵˣһʱ䣬Ѿ֪һЩ
Դˣ̫ʺһƬϲҰ󳼾֮£ҲǰŰɡ



7 ¡
ǲԸԼһϡ
ʵԼһΪš
Ǭ幬УܿʼȻԼͻ׳󣬵ԼĻٶҲǻӿһЩġ
ԴˣһƬʧ
ʵܶǰ󹬵ҲǸȤģϾ䲻󣬵䡢嶼ˣЩɴӼе֪ҲǺƯġ
էڻû˼Ůϡ
һҹΨһĺôѹҲǼСʣԺԲһֱ
컹û誾ͽ˵ܣ糯ʱ䵽ˡ
һɫƯŮϴȥ
ȵ֮ʱٹѾۡ
ΣٹټԼһˣܶɫЩϲãΰݣꡣ
ƽϳİ
Ǵ̵ļյļ䣬ᳵ·
ࡢ˳ԣ誼ϸɤ˵
бࡣ䣬һʷվ
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ѵ
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ܿ·˵ı飬Ȼ˵
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·һЩܾķۣһϲҪ֪ɶǿġ
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·ٴɻ󣬻ƺЩһˡ
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УҪдʹλͬţ˭Ըһ𣿡
ңĳ䲻ţҲ


ϵڸ飬µͨ󳼣ȡ
ʵɱᡢ޼ɵʱûгˣ
Ժ䡢󣬾ûˡ
Ȼˣ̽ЩŪˣֹﾪɲ
ô죿
ʵͷۡ
ߣͬﾪɲЩ֪Ǻǻ
ϢѸٵɢţǣܿˡ
Աѫ̫ࡢˡͨգȫ
һԲϣλ󳼣һλԪϣ
ɵʵԶֱ֣˲˼̫ϣҲ̫лԡ



8 涼ǵԪ
֮£һɹɰʼӿš
Ǭ幬˳֮󣬾ͿʼŸۣͬʱҲʼۡ
Ȼ۵ı²ߣ˵֣վҪġ
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ÿһʵʵԼ·Ҳͬģƽ⡢粻ðȵȡ
Ҳǲͬģ塢ҡĮȵȡ
ҲԼķϸϸ˼һ֪Щʵۡ
ӵȫµ˼룬ӵϵĵλӵѹԵ
²˼̫࣬Ҳķ
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һЩٲǵ誣󲿷ԽΪ׵ĻоΪ顣
ͬʱûһᣬڸڳҲˡ
һڼӺ;Ҳٹ˼׸ӣֱ˵ջسϳ誡
顣ʱλسվ˳ͬ⡣
üͷ壬̾Ϣһ֪һһĺϡ࣬ĳͻԿΪѾһЩ˵Ĳˡ
ξˡ
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ĩʱʮĳŸ붼Ѿʴ˵Ŵ壬ʵĺޱȣѾưܲ
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ݡģǻʵۺ̫࣬ʵĳԼû취λþһȥȻҪɵǰ·ˡ
Ҳˣϻһֱڡ
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ľȨΪЧĳԴıôĳ̰ۣ˰ѱڻʵС
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ѵӾǻʵеУʱսĳϵӡ
ѵӣʵ۾ܶƴȨ
û뵽ѵһǻʵ۱
ΪܵĽͬͬвͬ˼ҲͲܸͬԪ谡һһмʶ԰ĳĻʵۣôеġ
˵ˣǺݲǸģҲңܵĽĳҪģΪ˲ʹǲ
ҲƳһ˶Ըĳ̫࣬Ǽ鳼Ҳñ̶ֽȵĶ񻯡
ҶԸĳϵ
ǸûԤϵǣԱܻ̰۵ԽԽ࣬ӶȾˡ
ɱҲɱˣֻܱѪԽԽȻĵ¡
߸ճʱǺõģֻ˲ͬЧҲͲͬ
ĻʵʵҸģԪ馿ǵĺܺã涼ǵˣֻҪֻҪ˼ʲôƣˣĳʵ
佫˵
ϧĻʵۣҲ˶ѡ



9 Э
ףΪһǮ֡
ΪǮʵ۶̰۵ĹԱɱᡣ
ҲΪǮ¹˸ɡ
ûĻʵֻۣŴ˥䡣
˵Ƕôˣ˼롢Ǽʶ˿ˡ
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鷳ЩƽϣҽʵҲһɢɳɲ˴
񽭺ȻıҲ٣ҪһͳԴвֱ졣
䵱ɽϵǸ˾ǹȥա
ڽеĲãҲǳġ
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Բôܶ䡣
ôˣ
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ҡҡͷ⣬Ӧ˹ƻģ̫ѹ
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ȫңǴ͢ʦǿߣͳְ֮һǹˡ
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Ⱥ鼤ܡ
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󣬾һЩӼѧܵ˹ΪӺ͵顣
һʣʮˡ
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ԺǿܹĶӼѧµġ
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һЩ󳼷׷׿Ϊڸ׸Ĺ֮ףʱӦվ
̾Ϣ֪ѾԽԽ˶
ԿܣԸܵġ
ΥΪ֪֮Ըִ
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˲õԤС

ϣݲ飬桢ǡ̰ܻͯߣֱΪʮʮʮ
м˸Ƿڶֻ࣬䣬δȫ壬Ѳߣͼֵʮʯ˵һߵģ
ȷ֤ݣһЩ˾ʷһԱλϳ
Ҫʯ˵ģ˭Ȳˣ٣һĳĴΪأĹϵҲһδ
ЩҪˣҲѹ˼ûл˵һʯ塣
ʯ˿壬ǿӲ֧֣ʲô£ʮһӦ֤ѱѺ֤֤ڡ
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ңУжûģ
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飬мܺõģֱ˿棬˹ء
ϣӺкܶ˽ع£Щ䲻ܻ¸ˣȴǲ֣ͣҲ˴أͰʮҡ
⣬мҲŴءʯ
ڶԱһʯ塣
ɣ˾Ϳһز˰һ˾ˣٲõ
Ϊ˽ع£ЩѾǹǰеĹء
ʯȻô˵ˣɶ
˺ٶһϷѵҪԴ֣
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ʥûжæ
ƺ¾ô˹ȥ
Ҳ⣬˲˰ǴûǮҪԭ֮һ
ڻãĩǲز
ʱҲʰʱ򣬱Ͼǿɲֹĳ佫ѫҲˡ
ĴƻҲһӻҪһߵġ
ʱʯһ£Ǹһ棬˳´
Ҳһε໥Э



10 孾Ů
Ȼ죬һеİƽϢˡ
ֻ̰ܻߵϢӺ͵Ҳܵ˼Ӱ졣
һ棬ŵϵӢ䡣
˵һսܻʤ
һҲʼƾеļ䣬ʱĹ۲죬жļأʼһЩˡ
йԱǨԴˣҲĬˣҲֹˡ
һڸ󳼵ȨڻʵУĩˡ
ͨԱȨҲ˺ܶࡣ
ʱȻˣ̶һ£жʮλƷϵĹԱ⣬ʮλƷϵĹԱǨڴѧʿλ
Ա䶯֮졢֮࣬ʮ겻ˣٹȻĲȣҲпߣȴǿѹ£˿˼ʲôĲ֮˵
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֧ܵߣȻͶ˲٣濼һȷʵҪԼôһλǿƵ׸þôС
һƻǳɣʣµģ
գۣһʱȥһֱѧŴۣʱѾǴн
ھҲɳ˾Ŵ磬ʱ˻ɣƣȽʣµȫ꣬Ӧܽҡ
һ׶Բľų߾ţвСľ롣
֮ȴǿӵģǿܱ߹ӡ
ڵľŴ磬о൱ʮˡ
飬ڴУҲ൱۷ǿߡ
ٹգȳɳһ֮㣬൱ʦǿߣȻֻġ
£ʹ˵Ҫ¡һգβ֮ʱ
һ季һ˼˵Ϊʲô𣿡
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ܵЦЦǵȼ˵
ǡ
ý孷ǲ֣Ҫ֪һС䵭оǲɡ
ּӦ
糯꣬һԱϱϣնʹ쳯֪ϺʱӼ
й飿ܳ
ѵݽڸ󣿡Ǵ󳼹
Եȼ˵ɡ
Ǵ󳼲˵ʲôֻԼģľͲÿǵˡ
̶£󳼾΢˵һЩԸֻҪְأʵ£Ϳˡ
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·üͷɲ΢΢һ壬漴ʧ
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ʹвһɼ쳯ʵۡĶС̬ȱϹϾ˵
󵨣£誳۵ܣ̼ȵ
вһһ㶣ֻԥһ£͹ȥ
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쳯ʵۣҶĻ羴䱦;Ůһλвһɹ·˿Ϊ⡣
Ҵ㶫һŮʱһվ˳ǳ
سҲüͷЩʵҪ˵׼ŮҲˣвһ˵ľŮһλǵˡ
Ůר͹Ի
ȻŴŮԸŮǲˬһأ
ǰյĵУǿɶģڵһɫڵڶ
ȻЩһˣСϸӲг֮磬ɫô׸ıģ
вһüͷһ壬˿ɹ쳯ʵۡλˣҶĻ˵һкģλܡ
ڳ˵ʲôˣϾ˼̬ȶôˣӵڴȻö˵ʲô
ĻЩɻĿģüͷƺЩεĿвһɡ
Ļһ쳯ã¿ɼвһϵ
ܿӣֿһвһɣû˵ʲôڵ޾ˣȥĻˣձл񡣡
л쳯ʵۡвһɴϲͷ
вһ£ڳΪλŮ˵ɲΪۻʼѪ
û˵ʲô˳ͻǬ幬
һᣬ£ʹѽŮ͵ʹˣ֪ΰţ
ȥѧѧء˿Ȼ飬ԽʵۣԽòܼ˭ܼ
ֲûŮˣˣǿ˻ȣû취ˣ󹬼Ȼʹġ
ǳ˺üӣǰճҹģҲûбҹġ
ϾģҲЩɻС
ǡӦЩԥ£ūѾˣǸˣȴ书
һ˿棬ߣ
ڡ誻ص˹ŮӣȻҪؼ飬书ص۲
ùЩû⣬ڸû
պ󣬰ʱټλŮ
Ǭ幬УţŮҲ̫Ĵ£˵š
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ɡܵ
лϡŮվɵͷֻܿŮѩ׵°ͣ͸İѩ
ǸŮ
̧ͷ



11 Ըı䡢ӿ
Ϊ
Ůӻ̧ͷӳУ͵۵ļÿһ͸һ
ﰵͷҪ
ټУҲûܱȡ
ҪǣԷΪǹɶصʣǲҲ֪ûģʱҲûʡ
ʱԷ͸һ˿ϾѾ⣬ҲǹĹأΪʱҪϹⲻ⡣
֣ܸܵԷԽһ£Щ˳ӵߵߡ
ûпֱһѽ䱧𣬲ŲĳȲ߽ڡ
ΪʵۣҪõģ֮Ī֮Ī
򲻵һ㣬˼һ㣬ʲôʵۣ
ʵ۵ܹܲţ˳ĻʵУ򵽵ģ̬ΪҲǷġ
ϡŮӻСйɾţȻ׼ʱ̲סš
û˵ʲôͿʼ·Ӱϵȥ
ܿ죬쳣
⣬ȫעţΪ˾̫࣬Ѿ뿪ȥæµ
Ȼ֪Ӧòᷢʲô£ʹˣҲò֡
ӣҲҪġ
ƪֻǸ̫࣬Ҷ˶ٴˣܶҡ˿
ʱңͣˣͣʼԡ
Ůɫ԰ףһԡ󣬾ͱͻԼס
ѾʼۣŮֻǵƷ仹ǶŮӡ
ò˵Ȩ׸ıģοǻʵϵְҵ
ӵ̫ŮҲͲ̫ϡˣֻʵ۵ļռӶ࣬ʲôõģġ
ǣҲһͻϧ
ֶûŮӡ
ֻ֮˸˷ţЩҲйصģ̹޸û̹ޣġ
գۣǼ죬һ죬Խ˫Уһ˿ϲ⡣
ɳһߣ·һɱ䣬ʱ
ΪҲǿԵʣʱѾﵽʮҡ
൱ڴʦ
ϸϸһ£ֻоǹɰԵŨˣ׼ȷ˵˳ԸԵ˽
ʵĸıҲΪʵλãо
Խ׳󣬸˼ѡԾԽǸչٶȼ졣
ѡǰԵΪӵĪƣҪ˼ʲô˵ȻǰԵ
Ըı䣬Ҳ˵ʲôûһжԼѡ
¾£һ߷ֵۣнһͷ
ˡ

ͬʱɽׯС
üͷƽЩ˵Ϣ
ûУԽܣϢݲףһδݵϢԴ֮󣬾޶ԣһӦ
üͷһ֣Դǰܿʼ֮͸оһкƶ֪ĵطչȥ
ʱԽԽһֺµĸо
ýڵԽԽһԵ
ıԽԽԶ
ʵôӢ
֮Уȴûа취Ϊջϵж˱˼룬ֻһ취
Ů
ʵһЩˣɫȴûиģõİ취
ǳϵǣҲˣȴһùͷһ֮
ȻһλۻʵΪ
ȴܲģλŮСҲɫһλŮӡ
ûΪ
ʵ۱Ͼ٣ȫջ󡣡룬
ǡ

ʹһĹУƮؽӵ˴š
Ȼޱ飬ȴЩκͷŭơ
ôû뵽
Ϊò书ѧõķ飬ŮӵĲͬݣȡûϵĳ谮
û뵽֮ʱһ£̹һ֮󣬸ưˡ
·𡢷·¥Ůһ
˵ʸжûС
ҲУΪƷǵܴ٣С
еƵǣҪЩŮӵĵѡ
û
֣ôǰû취оһݲһ
ʼ˼ɵϾģҲһϺӣҲûˡ
ο̹ޣ͸Ӳˡ
ʮУһ붼û޹еȼߵҲȱȽǡ
ʮգεѣΪ˴ֻ֣ܾãͬʱҲеŮˡ
ȻΪһôûϢ
ѹʼŽӴϵĻᡢ취

Ǭ幬
ɳһߺĵ죬һ˼ܿʼ´
ֱӿٴ򽭺
ӱһطĺľϣ⡣
֮Уûȷ֪ʲôʱֵģֻ֪һ֣ӵڶӣŴƬĽڵ
Ҳ˿飬̻ⲻֺ
һգνУӵһߵȼϢ
ɫʱ
Σټһʮ¡
̶գ˴󶯾̾Ŀ⡣
һطȥǸط̵϶֣ɽɡ
һʱ䣬СȻɽڵɣŭĪҲ
֮ˣ಻ʤ
ǿͶĿ⣬в֪ʲô
ֹ̣֮УһЩҲʼӿţƺƶĳЩ顣
ֻޣʹһЩҲһҲͱ̵ĶסĿ⡣
ʹ֮УҲǰҡ


12 ѹ
ϣ½̴ٳҰհΣ֪Ƿò֣֮
˵ҲޣΪλã֪̫ͨ˲֪¡
һЩ̵¡
ʾԲ֡
ɱضܡܵȻ˵Ϊ𶯽¼˶ԣ漴һ䣺ֻܣͨհΣ
ǡЩͷۣܡͨհΣɲǼ򵥵£쳣鷳
ҪǣӢȴ̫ˡ
޻ּ;ò졢ͽȫ㣬ƺ֪Ϊѣ˵
л¡˲١
˵Щʲôû˵ڣ¡
صΪĴѪ˾Χ
壬ô˵ϣƽʵ
ܣͨհΣҵȻ
Ĵüͷ˿һ鷳£Ҽ̫ãϾô཭ˣܵˣ
У˴ģƴɱ
ϻּ;òͽЭǡҼ
üͷɣ˾ͺ˺ܶ࣬Ȼǲƾξĺѵˡ
ظò죬仹нǼһ
ôֱӲֹ֡ģɱ
֪ĲҶ࣬Ǵˣʡ

ʹС
Դ󣬵ܾʱ̹ۿŽͬʱҲʱڽϲһ֡
ȥһ˼ʹ
μϡ
Ǭ幬Уӿŵܣϲ²ΪҪ½
½̾¡
ǰɽׯ鱨Ǻġ
νǴ󷨣ܳ
˻ʹϽǷݣ
ǵΪ½ôȴǲҽԴɽƺҲûжô
ܷʣԽԽƽҲԽԽ߱ѹ˫ۿӣ޽ţһŮӣΪ
˲䣬ӻһһɲǼ䣬嶼Ӳ˼ת
һŮӣΪԻ鵽ѡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊʲôϻ˵
ǸһʱЩˡ
ǿѹͷػϣˣᣬ˴¡
û˵ûߵ£ϾδģǵѾټͷĹͨδޣⲻʡ
꣬ĸǲͬ⡣
Ӧ˵ģԸǸŮκί
ɫ˿һת˵ͨС£ǧЩ˲£֪ԺΪ
䣡
·̧ͷ𾪵Ŀŵܡ
ô֪
֪ǧҽ鱨Ϊʲôôʣ
֪ˣ
ӳȥӳȥѰģߡ
Уܲס
ٳֻϣ
С
ӵֱѸһ侲̵ˣ֪Ǻá
ʵ̫ͻȻͻȻ֪룬ȫӦ
ɵĿӣƺһҲż
յʱԸӣʵֱֻ̯ҪöԷˡ
Ըı䣬뷨Ҳˣ̫鷳
α˷ʱ䣿
ãɱ̯˵ԷҲֻһӰˣֵ̫
ԽжѾʼǸӣԾһĻ
𶯣ܣֿһԴϷɫڷ課ͰǼѾǿϢ
죺
ɫȻһӿѹΧռ䣬ȵһλᣬ˵
課һܵģһЩ
ǻ䣬ӵϸܲ˿ɱ⣬ȴ·ѹһɽһ̾ͻ
жȻףٲ˵¾ҪǬ幬С
Ҳˡô죿
Ҿ
˫ȭգƥھӿһ£аսǬ幬һΣ
ֻΪԼ
ȭͷɿɫȻᶨ˫ϥȥϵ֪Ըܷ
誡Щʧܱɫû𣬺ǳµʮζ㹻
ûпڱ⣬ֻ飬̶ʱУҲһ㡣
Ǿǵܲɱ򲻻ὫǬ幬
Ҳ˵ãԲ
ȻҲûж˵ʲô˼ֱ㻹ã㡣
˵꣬һӣһŷӣӽӹܼ˵մȥ죬°ɡ
ǣлϡӹ˸ͷҪȥ
ɹ󣬵ȡڶ㶹ޢȻܵ
һ𣬿ϲ֮ɫ֣Ҫ֪ʱ򣬺޲תҪᡣ
лϣضϹѡᶨ˵˾䣬뿪
ϣվǸȥԥһ»˵
Ŀ⿴誣Ŀ⣬ȴһִ̧Լ졢ū죬ū
ûǸۣ졣
̫ˣǸŮ˾ǣӵǿ޵ǰ£ҪǸŮ˻
ӾֻԶԹ
ò˵ӻǺܺõġ
ǣ½̳ɹһ𷢶ΣܵȻ˵
ǡɫȻгأֻ֪ǰƻ˲֪ƻôӴ
ôء



13 ǧ֮
ҲֻΪְ֪誾Ͳ֪
誺Ͳ¡
ƽ𣺡ǰȥһʧ
ǡһ˵鷿У
пʼۣͬʱҲ˼š
ʵĿĺܼ򵥣Ϊ˴Щ˵
Ӷĸ
Ҫ͢Ӳǲеģֻɱõİ취
ҪǣĶҲҪֿġ
ʱԽԽ죬Ǳĵ˾Խ࣬ԽҪ
ҲҪֲΣ䵱־ͱҪһѡѡȥɾõĵһĿꡣ
νڸԵطٹ̣ȹؼط
Ҳɣ½̴ӴܴҿƣǻҰӰ콭Ҫ֮һгԹ
֮󡭡
ţзһĵͼڶҪһһġ
£ȷʱҺ󣬿һ˵ĹУȻһƽ
жɡһߴһ߲³ĸ֡
ٴƽ

֮أƽһɽ֮УһСԺ⡣
ĵķһλŸЩ̬ˣϡ
ƽɫƺʲô£Сȴǻһơ
һ·ħơ
ͨɫһһ֣ˡ
ǧЩΪһ̣µһǮˣٻ
˵·
Ӹصķ˵һˣǼΪص¡
ǸˣͿ˽صԺУȿ˵
½̵жȷв£¡ҲҪˡ
Ͼ½̱ˣ˲֪ȴ֪ġ
ˣŸӲΪʲôûյϢ
˵ӦղϢѵѾɵˣ
ǧüͷЩֲ̿
˫̲ס鴫һٶƣԥ
ûбɣ
Ȼĵºɴ˳ܣһ䱸ӣһһҽС
̴󾪣̲סվһ̣ű򿪣롢ϵӰ⣬˿˿ɱĿǧ
ǧ˫һĨ־壬ֱӶ֣
ѹžţǳǺˣ
ۼǺˣ˵أһӰЦЦϵЩζ
Ǳˣǧɫ̺˼꣬̾˿ʱȻˡ
˵ۼ˵Ҫлл㣬Ҫ㹷졢ĹΣҵѱ£˻֪ûлأһ˼ϸ˵
ǡǧ̲סЦһŭʲôѣһգΪҵһٶĹǵã
ҲǻȥˣΪ֪һ֣Է;Բƹ
һʲô
ʶô·һЦ
֣·ɡһ˵
á˿ĸһ޶ºɴӣ¶һĨЦĹۼҵû뵽СһҲɳزˣۼҾ̡
˵ţӰһ̾ʧĹٴУĵӰʱ·Ϊһǧǰ
أ
һ죬һֻϵ֣ݺӡĹǰǧɫУû˹벽ĹȻһ
ɫ΢е㱾¡
ٴʧһߵӰĹΧΧǴ
ǧȥĿԽĹ·磬ƻõӰ£ֻܱأ
ͻȻ꿴һŻ񣬾ֱ
Ǻǣû뵽㻹ǵۼңߵ
ǧֿһλţƺûжִߣϸϸţ
һЦûзϡ
ѹ֡ѹ֣ǵ궼Ǻպʦ֣ôȥԭǧ
ɻ䣬λ̫ǳֱֱĵһȨߣȻ֮ͱϡ
Ҳǵ˾̫Ͷ
û뵽վȻɱңҰǧۣЩ
ĹǿϹȴ硣
ҶԷλ
˶٣֪δӣ
Ͳܹܵˡϸ
ǧû˵ʲôһֱŵǸƣƣѹһһٶꡣ
ӵΪϣһֱһĽʺ޵ҵʵͷһֱѹһɽ
ǲޣʣӺû뵽ǹһ
˭ϼҵûסǧʵ
ЩѾÿǵˡ˵
һֱ֮뿪ɽԺ䣬ֻ
ٱǸơ
Ժ䣬ܿͱٻ١
գھյϢ˼䣬ûˡ
һ壬ǵһ壬ҲǻյİҪ֮һ
Ҫûлҵɽôܵڵĵز
Ȼǧѡ˱ѣȻҪֻҵȴҪȥġ
ãҪǮơ
ǧȥûգɽɣѾַǷ
֦ͬɶѾϵɽ
ǲٽõˣҲ½ǰ
ɽΧĽ˸һϷӡ
գֹۣʮգ½Ӹϵ˻ɽɡ
һսĳտӿ



14 ½VS
ɽΧĿջԼӣ˳
òûһ˿иȫЩˣֹͨղõ顣
һջУ˳üë½С˼Ķһ˵˵½Ϊʲô˲ϧۡٽӲƴ
˫۱ţ˳ůϢ˶˵ֱȥʵġ
½С﷭˸ۣȻһӰɫһϲźǰȥ

뻪ɽһ֮С
üͷĽԽԽˣǵѹҲԽԽ
һЩˡڵǿǲҷ˿
õǣҲһЩĴǰȻʲôǵĴڵһε壬ʹܶ޷Ľ˲
壬½С㡢¥һᣬν˵
ޣɫ΢ϲѵˣǽ
ǡ

Ҽ˭ˣĽңһǰ
˵䵱ֵ˶·;ϣҲ֪ǻ᲻֣
ٺ٣ѵһʢ°
Ҳ֪½̺˭ʤ˭
˵ˣȻûʼʲô


̵ִﻪɽɵĵ죬һֱûжӪկУ붯
̾еĿ⣬ΧĽ˶һطΧȥ
ɽãµˣǰȭˣյϢһɱ⣬ϵǰĹذϡ
ɽվѹ½̫࣬ȻܷյĪơ
ǧ˷ɢ֮γһذ
һذϣ俴糤ʻ½̵ӣﵹһͬʱҲǳɱ⡣
˫ʮ꣬Ѫ
½ξٽҲǵĺûᣬһٽ֮
ûãڣ˵һذɱʹ˶࣬Ҳûоǰ㡢гɾ
ֶ׽ɱӸΪս
ǽɱʱҲ⣬˫߲ĿŶԷ
ڼ˵ĳǰʮ㡢ʮɽ
ɵţʱͶߣһᣬһ
ףе书
ԶۿⳡսĽһЩ˾ȡ
ذϣͬˣе书
Цȡ֮ǰһȵ
Ա߻ɽȺЩüǻɽվеǰҲ˶˵ʲô
ɽɵĵ̣ȻһɽɵͷǺЦдЦ˶ټģǣɽɱضȮ
ŭ
ߣձɵĽƺûж˵ʲô˼һԾֱذϳȥ
ɱ
漴̷ĺڶ̿ʼذȥǺһԾذϷ
ɱذһȣַ׷װν֣Щ֡
ȺһۣԼͬѡ˹սС
̳ȴڰգһƴκ˰ΧʮɵĿ·𱻼ѹըѿ
أ
һȺɫһ䣬̲סȥ
ͻƵʦ
ȺһͬȣΧ˱ɫһλʦģǾԵǿߡ
һ̴ϲһɫԶҲǾȡ
ʲôʱʦ
վʱ򡣡дЦ·ûм޵ӿ
ɫˮֻԥһ£ʹʦܡ

һϢ˺һͣζͣһ£ΪصĿһ
һʮӰֳһ
üͷһ壬漴ǿӣֲòӰԭͻƵʦڰжԸ
ʹˣҲ
һһȥɫʵʣ·ƺˡ
̡˵һдȥ
ѹ֮ƣн֮죬ֻһ㽫һȥ
һֱС
úáвΪ⣬˫ӿ磬һ˫ֱԷ
Ⱥһۣɱ̸֡
ԱԽ
ǽɱȻһ٣ŵһʼҲ·硣
Ͼ½࣬ˮƽȴԶҵˣһͶࡣ
ڸַ棬жԹ½̵·磬½˶࣬Ҳ˿塣
ɱ
ӣүүˡ
ħӣҷɱ

ҵɱԽпᣬԶʦǿߡͨ쾳˫Ŀ졣
вߡ˷ߡҲڴߡ
͢ľͲ𣿡һСɽϣ½Сü
ιܣԱߣƽ
ǣ͢һ֣˵󽭺Ҫˡһߣһλ쾳ĽԴ
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15 
ּ˼ۣתȥбҪָвͻƣҲֻ˳һ¶ѡ
ģ㶹ޢͳŶ
ȻҲ˿˿ϾܵӰʱѹͷǵǣƵӰǰֲʲôˡ
ΪǵӰԲҪ˿һЩʲô
ͬʱǰսɽɽһصɫΪصĿŻɽǰеģԥ
Ȼɫһ䣬󷽣ɫޱȣºˣһɽкιɣ
Ǻǣ֮Ī⻪ɽֺʱ㻪ɽɵˣһЩϸЦ֮У߳Ӱ
룬ΪϣէһͨˣȻΪͨˣɫԽء
ˣ˫΢УʻȴѾ϶ˡ
ԷϢᣬŹֵĸоǻǹˡ
Ľʥۼҵֻǲ֪ΣӰУһĸȤ
ǾкĿģ½ҲйϵԽ룬߾Խеһɾ壬ɽɺѾһŴ֮С
ӽϸֱЦЦ־ڱصõۼҸһᣬֻҪ㷢ɽǾ͸㻪ɽһЩӣһ
ĿһһɽɾʲôҪûǣ
ǣҪòʸ𣿡ֱֱԲ䣬ڣǽʥΣ
¼ֻηˣĿǰΪֹ֪Ҳ˰ˣȻС
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ɱ
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16 
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䵱ɣɶɳǰ½̵顣
½ǳĬһһĵ̡
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ֻĿ⣬Ѿ½̣Ƶ˽֮ء
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ܿ죬Ϣ˺ɽʼ
ûжãɫ˼֡
﷢һսд棬һǷǰ½С



17 ٵһʱ
ͷ˷ֲˣȻܲġ
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18 ҡǮ
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ҪǻƣڲԶʦеǿߣһҳ֣;Ǿһ
ʹϾľҲˡ



19 컻
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ԭ
֮һˣŴԽĴ֮һҡ
żɽׯһˣҲŴԽĴлҡ
˹ȣ߽һˣ졣
ɽׯ

ħ̡
üǵɶѱɽħһҶ
죬ɫ仯ΪѾΧħص̳
ǰҲˣĿ
þòֱ΢Ц
ǺþòϷ˳
ֱû˵ʲôмǲϵˡҲ̫˵֪½ɻԼݣ
һǰˣмһˣ˿˿ɵͷȻ
ã½ɡƽһ˫ӻǣƽĺܣƺʲôѲܷϡ
̶֮䣬ƴħ̾󲿷˺Ȼ伣ر졣
⡣
¥ųַһȺŮ˴һֽֱѰǿ
ķǣŷӥųǰҡɫЩʣǽͶ֡
֮УұƽҸոհ̶һʱ䣬ͻȻ䣬ӿ컻ա
ʮȻڸأʦǿ֣֮Щ˵еﶼһð˳
ٶ֮죬֮ͣһз츲ء
˵ϢϺ£ýЩˣǮɢȨ󲿽ɢħ˳أɽׯ֮ʧ
ЩʱմҰļңһƺһҹ֮ɢ


20 ʦ
ˣһŭӣ˭֪һжǳ͢ںƲ
룬ԷҲ뵱̡
ʲôҲʵʵɽţһԲ
ϵ䵱֣ǳĬʵ´䣬Ϣ
֮ɣ䵱ȥţ䵱һԲ
һգۣʱȥ¾ô֮࣬Ҳʣ࣬ʩڰϵѹ˽һ롣
һжУѹš
ԭأ䵱Ϊףʵʵʵɽš
֮ĴҵĽݼҡлҡΪףؼһѾ֮ʱ
һλλվ˳գ͢Ȼվʰоֵġ
Ǽȥɽһ·Ҷȥ
´󾪣ͿʼԲߡ
۱
λɮۣƽһλλչзɮˡ
ĵλʦǿߣֵĵֵ̣ǿ
Ҳûɡǰ㣬ӵо޵Ĵ
ƽƽȴǿ֮һ
ƾƱãƾ治ƾһѹ¡
ֻǰΡȻ
ǧû˸С֣ûΪǸɡ
˵Ҫ֮һţκˡ
ŴʦĿ⿴һˣ˫ֺʮӷ𣬳͢ɽ£λʦֵΪΣ
ɮĬΣǳ͢Ҫǲ췴;淴ɱ
¡ʱ򣬸ǲܷӦ
ҲΪ֮
ӷ𣬲Σ͢ҲҪģ£ûΪҵɣҵȺӭӾˡʦ֮˽ƽ
ɮУ˲ͬȴҲûվʵǶԷݲͬǲ˵ʲô治Ļ
֮⣬ôأ
һᣬʦ˶˳ȥ˱˴̾Ϣһոհ־ӭ˽ѡ
Ǻ͢ЩҰߣȴûжɣǻҪɵĴڣάڵĸ֡
ͬҪһ㣬ɳֺ䵱⣬ʵ𣬲ǡ
Ͷ˳͢ĽңԭһЩɣҲʵ
һУȻʧ˲ʵ󲿷ֶΧʵ׼ҵӡ
͢Ҳ񲢲档
ѵģӦԣ
ţһ˿˿ƽ⣬Ϊʲôȥ䵱
ȻҲ֪ԭ
ӷ𣬼°ɡգʦ˵ͷ

պɽ£Χ
󣬵һԱΪףʮλ졢ʲͬˣһӹٱɽ϶ȥ
һһĨڴ벻лǰ
ְװǻô꣬ΣһЦ
ָƣԼʶһˡһ¶Ц⡣
ɫͬ¶һǿϢ
ȡȻмǹԱ¹ٷεһȡ
ʮ˵ǼɵĿһϢƽ·һͨ˵ߡ
û˵ǿȥʮĹԱˡ
ƽȵ֮£λˡ
ʮеĳĬеĵͷȴûһ˵ġ
ҪʶЩ˵ڣһԾЩ˾ȻһԱġ
һ£ͿŴ󿪣ִʦΪףȫǰӭ
ʦԼǧɮŶˣǴһʮλʦ
ˣһλλٶʶģǽ֡
ˡϹٽ硢ԭơӦ졢ۡɲ
ʮУ󲿷ֶǰʱĽһۣŽңеĽ񣬺ڵ뢡
£ȴǻһãʥء
ֱǿЦ
ֹˣ⼸ոֵֿǧˣͬˣ׷𾪡
Щһλһ˳羴û뵽ȫ͢ձࡣ
ǵ͢¡
֮˵
ʦһۣǣ߲ư
ܿ죬ʦ¡ӭʹ
ǧɮڷ׷Ϊ׹Աʳȡţ·𿴵ʥһ㣬йɳ羴ĸо
ӭ΢Цʦ𡣡
ɮҲϻֱӿڵ书һ֮
ñǰһ书λʦˡ
ʦͷһ¶ˣֱ˵ȻҪѡ
ãûеֱԸֵ̶ȡ
Ҳң֮⣬ԲΥȫϡʦ˫ֺʮ
ˡ۵սʥ˹˿ҲӣЩ̾Ϣ
ȴҲûгЦΪԼӲ
֮⣬˿˿˷ܡڴ
ո߲ʵ֣ǰСЩյĽܲ
Χǧͬˣ鸴ӣ浽˵ز
áǹԱЦһָʮˣЦЩҳ͢Ĺһָɮ书Ҳñٻȥϸ
ӷһԡʦ˳ӵ
Աͷڵ˭Ըһָɮ
ʮе治ɫеЩ⶯е¶˿˿˷ܡ
ɡϹٽ翪ڵ
û˵ʲôĬˣʮλ۰֮УϹٽҲһС



21 
һ֣Ҳʡ
ɮϹٽ磬ء
Զսˣû˸СˣѾ͢ձࡣ
ǹԱһȥϹٽĿ⿴ʦֻһۣ˴ʦ
ˣѾ
һŵģǸ߰ģʹѾͶ˳͢
ԣѡ˵һվֱѡ˴ʦΪ书һߣַɡ
ȻԵϢֱʦȥƺܾ
ʦüͷ΢΢һ壬סҪڵʦ֮һǰһӷϹʩȻ⣬ƶɮˡ
ַɴϹٽѾաͲˡϹٽ¶˿˿Ц⣬СһײУ·ްײС
롣ʦɫҲɮ΢΢Ķڡİ
һЦ·𿴼һ㣬Ϲٽ˫ִ£𻷳С
ûԥһ΢СƿѾʧ˫һ˫ġ
ֻʮأĿת
ʦüͷ˫Ʒɫâֻʮӡǰһ죬ȥ
˫»صϹٽУЦ޵һơ
Ƚ϶ԣʦ˫еĿԽأɮЩǵĿ£˫ֺʮϹʩƶɮʧˡ
Ϲٽû˵ʲô˫̧Դ

ʦ˫ֻգۼ䡢һʮʮ١԰ٻǧ
Բʮڣһֻֻӡ֣ÿһռ䣬һѹֱϹٽ硣
Ŀ⾪һЩʦ¶ء
һȴǧҶƣ߾硢ͻơ
ַɡǲ

ϹʩСˡʦ˫һӣǧֻӡգ۾Ϲٽ˷ǵһ
Բʮ֮ڣûһ˿࣬ȫסϹٽ硣
üͷһϹٽ粻Ųӡ˫ִ˫һһӡ顣
ײ飬ǧֻӡǰ̣ϹٽȫÿһطΪˡ
Ϲٽ˫֡˫ƺʧһǰ·һ֣Щӡ׷£ȴԾһ˿ǰʧ٣̩ɽ
˫ԽŨ
ǰ˫õ֮ȵĵزһȡ
Ϲٽ磬鴫

Χ˾ϹٽɫеɫԽԽŨȻһȣӰεڶӡֱӳɢ
һ̣з·ɫһ׺ϯ
ʦɫص㣬˫ֺʮɫâγɷ·ɫһ㣬嫶ء
գۣһ˷ϯֻɫƱ綴ֱӴڴʦϡ
ۣ
ʦ֣

˴󾪣ʦǴѪϢͳ˥䡣
ϹʩѴ޻лĸ߾磬ĸʰ·硣ʦƽ
Ϲٽأ˫ȻһЦɳˡ
תصǹԱ
ɺϹٹǺù򣬱ٴ۽硣ǹԱЦ
˶ٵλȤ
ɮЩŭҲû취ֻЩʧѹա¾Ҫ½ֹһˡ
Ϸɡǰһ
ʮ⶯ġҲֹס˽Ųš
ߣһüĿɮ߳ƽ͵ƶɮ˽ᣬ̶ʩС
á˵˵˶١˽ʨӺòҲһһ
˽ɵƽ͵ʩ롣
˵ĻΧ֮æȥ˷Χ
յУӰԶĿſһС޵Ȼӵ͵ߣƺһգ֮䡣
漴ֱΪҼġȭ֮ٱ󣬳ⲫ֮һƬ౹ޣХ䣬ʱлȺ˵Ļ
һεֱ˽ᣬΧҲɢûʦ˽𶯣·𿴵޲̳Խȥ
ּʦæ֣ס֮ˡ
ǹԱ΢һȻϢɢַסٱһЩ˫𾪡
˽˫ֺʮĬľֿ޿ײħ
ϢɫЩǻһɣ쳤˿

һХѸ׼кζ£·Хֱ˸εѣľս
һʱ䣬ħѹȥ
˹ħʱǣѹǻ
˽Ȼ䣬زȸħ˴˽
һɽȻֻನҲұΧʵǿĽˣԺлƵ𶯡
˴ԼʮϢʱ䣬Ȼħٴδǣһѹǻ·һ㡣
˽ʱҡҡ׹ѪҲҪѪӣƴΪգһ˱֮ʦء
ɮģæҲħû˵ʲô·ֻһ΢Сһ㣬߻ǹԱ
Χ֮˷׷׼ɵĿһۡ
ħһֱΪԭɵĴУǿЦģλħ̽ǿľˡ
ǹԱ΢΢ЦţĿһңΪ˽ˣҲż
ڶɮںԶЩˣ̾ϢΪʲôԭ½˺ܶࡣ
һᣬǹԱŴʦɣֱʵ߾֪տɷһ
ϣ
ĸ֣ɫˣɮھȣǻ
˿˿ɱ⣬ˡϹٽɫЩȤˡ
ԶЩˣеɻû֣еȴǾȣ¶֮ɫ



22 ֲ̫
ʦѹסƣ̾λʦѸߣҪΥʹ˵ˡ
˾ȣʦȻʱΥǹԱĻ
Ƕ룬һ
ͷӾȻ˼ǵã
ˣٳֵҲһ¡
ʦֶ̫ˣ
̫Сˡ
ԡ
ϵ·°㣬ȻȻ˶ߡ
ϵӰʵ졢ǰ
ǺУ濴ȥϣеĸ۾ϵÿˣձԵó޴㶣һ綼ܽǴ
һ˲䣬·塢Ϲٽ۰ڣһһΣֱͷ
һصնȻ֡
һ˫˫ĿɮĿɫ죬һ֮⣬ûһӵġ
ϣ
ʮǰֵλʦֵܣʦǿʦѰ֡
ʦ壡ʦЩǣܴˣʧŲϧΥǹԱĻ
λ˼Ȼ뿴ԵϡһһһˣɫƽȻüͷԽԽء
ˣǹԱλ̫ࡣ
򵥵棬Ǹ̫ͨࡣ
ǵĿ⣬еĿ⣬תƵ̫ϡ
üɻ˾桢˾ɲ
λ֪Ǻˣһ˿ڵоǴ˿˿ɵԼ⡣
ǹԱ̫࣬û˵ʲô̫ԭµƤԶһ£ƽ޲𣺡ְɣͷӿǵı¡
һ䣬ĿⶼһôĿ
ƽȴޱȵĴ
һǰָ󱲡ǿָߵĿԱϣˡϹٽˣûʲôջʤܡ
Ǳϣɵأûʲôŭ
˶һۣһ˵ãˡ
һϵӣǽǸ
˵ָܹ㱧ϣ֪һˣǰλ̫࡭
ǵ֪Щ˵ܵʲô
һʱ䣬˼ϣ׷׿ƽ̫ࡣ
ȴǹ˲ô࣬·ǰδеĴУԭ׷һͦ
һ˿˿ɫ͸һ
£
дһ˿ϺصɽΧǽ䶼ڻصǵз
ͬʱǻɫ˳㣬ӵ𣬽Χġ
գۣγһ޴η籩ߴʮɣѹ֣׷ӿ籩ɫΪ֮
˶һˣĿ⾪ĿǷ籩ϹٽˣݺüͷҪԼԣ
ȥ̫࣬ɵƽֻվǲǷ籩ķᴵ˫۰СƺЩδѵĿǷ籩Խ׳
޿֣Ϊ
оɲ
ϢʱȥǷ籩ѾǴ󵽸ߴʮɣأ·ҪϯһС
Ҳڣֹͣһ̡ɽǼžģؼҲ·ʣһˡһ硣
˭û˵ʲôɴ۾š
̫൭һۣƺȷѾﵽ۷壬Ųһһȥ
ûˣûʲô춯صľ󣬾ôһһ߽С
ǲϵӰǴһռ˿Ӱ졣
䣬ӰѾʧǰ˭淢ʲôֻüͷš
Լʮ˾һǻɫ·ҪϯصСԽԽСٶԽԽ졣
䣬ѾʧͬʱҲ¶еľ
һо
̫ƽվɢȥͬһ߽ȥʱһǹԱȥ
ǱϣһǴѪҡҡ׹
ˣ
˭ܿ壬ϰܵĸɸɴ࣬ûһ˿ҿԡ
ߵǹԱһԲƺֻһС²ֵһĲӰˡϹٽЩͷƤ顣
ǿĹ죬ǿĳ
ǲԼͬ䵱ϵһӰ
ѵҲﵽǸ磿
в뵽
ΪΪеһλЩƵļž˿˿Ϻôڶķڷ֮ˣǸ硢Ҳֻһ֮ˡ
һֻһ֮
ѵǿҲûͻƵǸ
̫໹һԲֻе˫һ˿â̾Ϣг
һ֮
Ǻǣһ֮رʲô
书Ȼ鴫ǿԻȥϽˡȻǹԱЦ
һЩɮЩޣս԰ܻ˵Ǵ
ʦȴһϲ
ûƽ£ǹԱ˸ʦ˽¡
ʱǹԱɽ롣
ͬʱҲЩõԼˡ
ܿ죬սʹ˽Ϊ֮Ȼ
ʮһʦ𾪡
͢ձʮλյľħ۸𾪡
ϸɾһ̫𾪡
Ҳ˲ò̾͢ĿֲȻȻ˲ֵ
зڣÿһϸڣ˽ֵ
ǡǬ幬
յϢֵʶʱ⡣
ִô̫̫꣬ԴǵֱӻӴĿĵռ˺ʡ֮һ
仹Ӱжٵʤ
ҲǵܴѹҪԭ֮һ
ԷЩܴ棬ֻбһ;
¹ֵ鱨Ŀ⿴һϷֻһˡ



23 ʥ䵱
ʦ
һĨڴ֮С
£ʱѾˣһᣬ誽ʵ
šӦȥ
ּһ֮ҪѲҽϡȻ䵭
һʲôӦּ
ܿ죬Ϣʹ˳ȥѲҶҲʼ׼
ķ꣬Ѿ˺̫⡣
ԭܼ򵥣ܱ׼ٰһȴ̫ܾˡ
Ҫȥġ
ȵͿﶼŮˡ
ݺݺǹɰٻŵķҷҲֱǹǡ
ϸȥӵĹɫ㣬ɫ߲ɫ
ҪѰῴ۾С
檲μϡ
ӰŮ˳ϷǸ֮⣬񣬽·ħ衣
ܳȵĽŲȴûһ˿ܵӰ죬ֻ䵭𣺡ƽ
ߵ̫ǰ΢΢ǷΪĸףˡ
ϲض񣬿̫˵ȻҲЩ̾Ϣ
վǳˣΪĵǰˡ
ܵͷһĸںޡ
Ȼ˵ջ˲١
û취Ȼֻǣʵ̫ˡ̫أ˸Ųֽš
ĸϱҲûʲôֻһͼףĸꡣʺЦ˵ŴŮнӹһӡ
ǰĻʺȻ鲻ãҲڵĻʺ󣬶ҲǺԸЩء̰壬ȴ̫ϲ
ԣ̫ЦŽӹ˵˼˵Ļ
ǿ˸ͷţһҲʼ̫ͳ
ûһ£Ǻķ˲˼
ܾţӵŮˣɴԼһٶλһ붼ԸҡɡŮӣ˵˴ơ
˭⹬Уʼ⹬еӰ졣
˵Ҳһ֡

衢λ
û취ʹúòãǵļ˹úòãǱ档
Ǳƽ͡ŮӣҲѧᱣԼӶȥСС
硢ԭЩм˼Ʈݺ۸˼ѺҲʼѾ˼ȥ裬ֺˡ
磬ǳĽݼҵĽ硢ҵ̾ԽϴּҵļԪѦҵѦεȵȣԸ̶£Ҳ˲С˼
ٱ磬ԸС죬Ĵ۾Ҳת˼Ȧ
ܺȥЩֻǾţ󹬹֡Ҳǵĵһ֡
ʱҴңҲûд̫þȥˡ
ҹ˻û޹̾
ڶ죬ûκļϳ£ӵԽԽǧĵĴˣҲԽϧˡ
ģֻһְԵռ
ϲϲֻҪǺõģռ˵

ܼ糣Ĵ£֮УǳҰ䣬ˡ
ҪѲҽϣ
֮Ӱ֮Գ֮
ϣ˿䵱
ϣڶԱƽʧѲأ
䣬ЩĺͿ֣ĻӰԼͿϳѲ֡
УĽˣʼ䵱ȥʵѲԻ̤䵱
Ǽ˵ĹʶѾѹ䵱Ҳٲˡ
ûһԸ֣ϺõϢ֮󣬷׷׿ʼ·
䵱
ÿһλʵ۶з͡
ب˫ʤµһɽ
䵱ѹԭһνµһǵ̵һɽ
ʱУ䵱ʦɫأѲ䵱
ѾĬϵʵȻ᲻֪
жЩӡ
䵱˵ǴḶ́ҹϵܡ
һķң䵱ʵʵΪ͢һ䵱ͷϣ䵱ҲųĬ
浽ʱ򣬻Щǡ
ҲҪѹ䵱
Ҫѹ̶ֳȣ
ǲ֪ⵣġ
̾Ϣһ䵱̫̾һҵ׼ӭʥݾǣʦ˼ҲӦûġ
༸˵˵ͷз˲١
ֻҪʦڣûʲôõǵġ
ǡ
һ֮ڵʥݴӾǳݣһ·ˮ·½ϡ
֮ϣܴһЩ֮󣬾Ϳʼž
ʱѾȫ꣬˵Ѿΰϡ
λ˻Ͽ
Ҳ
Ҳ˵Ǿ㣬ǻʵ۵Ĺ仰˵˾ͱһֱǻʵۡ
ǻʵˣǾͻ
ʵȻһ塣
ܲ⣬ϲλãһɾ͹ˡ
ڣѾɳ߰ˣһ˿Ǵǿˡ
߰˵ľȴѾкɨһС
˴Ѳۼһɽۻ֮֮⡣
ȥһԣһܸѹˡ
һᣬۣ߽һ̫࣬ǵд̫ࡣ
ū¡һһֱƽ̫࣬ʱ˫ȴһĨȡڴֻѹš
񡣡ܿڣλǴʹǿˣ֣͡
¶Ϊ֣ȴ֪һֱŻʹ
л¡֣͹˶ټ£Щ˶ѾźãһѾǰ䵱ɽ
ţȥɡܵӦƺʲôӰ
ūˡ֣Ϣ˳˷䡣
ʥٶȲ죬ʱҲۣڴ֮ʻһξ룬иԼĽɽӴ
ʱ䣬˱ڣʥֱ䵱ɽȥ



24 ½
˵Ķ飬ƺƵʱʱ̶̿˵Ŀ⡣
ͬʱĽˣҲͬһطȥ
䵱
䵱ɽΧĽʿԽԽ࣬ȫǴ˷
ŵʥ䵱˵Ǽ
䵱ɸ߲Ĳѣһǵô཭ʿֳܶ顣
ĵǣô཭ʿʥҲһв
Ҫʲô⣬䵱ɾпѱˡ
Ҳûʲô취ֻڶǱȥֹġ
һա
һ磬䵱ʦͷڶ䵱ɽɽŵȴ
ͬʱһϢڶ཭ʿд
˵ʵۺܿˣ
˵Ѿʮˡ
֪ǻʵʲôȻշôۣѹ֣䵱Ҳⲻˡ
Ҳ֪ģ𣿡
֮ʵۣǧ޼ĴʦұҰ


˷ڴУչ֮£һֻӻǰ
޾ɱ֮еʧš
ͣ£ϵݴӾʻ䵱ǰʱ䵱ǧ¡
ӭϣ
ƽʮ̧ĽСһϵ
лϡ䵱΢΢ͷʾ
ּɽԣ
䵱Ӧǣǰ·ʿȻݣ֪ʮӰ
ǲ̫ͨ๬ŮǸʸ졢һͲ
Զ˵ЩӰĽˣ䵱ǵһ
ʦ
ȫʦ
ʮλʦѾˣȽ˵С׼ס
ƺҲֻݣ
ܶ཭𺳣ԴϡԻȨľηһΡ
󣬱øַ䵱ɽˡ
ɽ±ΧȻܷɽΪʿȻԼİ취
ɽû·ҲƾṦ߳һ·
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ÿһ
Ħʦڣǧꡢ
̫ʫ˫֮ǧ
˯֮˰겻ࡣ
ÿһǾ˫
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½֮Ǽ
ѾȫݵĽޣָʵ۸߹٣ͨգв
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ʱӰʵʵûһƽģʿ
ϵ£δԶӭˡº͵𣬷·ܲĿһ㡣
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ֲãֲã
Щ̾ϢЩˡ
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25 VS֣
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳڴᡣ
νĴʦ硣
ⷽУͣҪӺ쿪ʼ졢죬ʦɱ
ʦ֮ĲǷǳģеǿߣɱҲΪ档
ǿߣ֣㣬ѾﵽʦĶ㣬ﵽⷽļޡ
ǴʱϹٽ硢ӵˣ˵ҲѶԸ
֣һֱĴʦᣬľȻⷽļޣﵽһ󾳽硣
ҲǺĵɲΡ
ֻûɱɷԻǵɣȴҲȷõЩˡ
ܹ缫ߣǾ콾ܵͼ
Ҫޣ֧ŷ֣ԷʹﵽɲΡ
ǾͻƣܽʦĲһ̶ȡ
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ڵοģ
Ҫ˵ɡɡɣΣȻῴ
Ŀ΢˿˿ȤƽȾѹ𣺡ܺãûʧ
ǰ㣬򵥵Ļȴ·ؼԵ˵顣
䵱ЩŭֹǣΪ񻰡Ϊ׷˽Щŭ
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ɶԷûдﵽʦ磬ܿġ
֮£ȴϵ֮ˣʥ䵱ϵºúһ
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ֻȻĸоֲáֲ˿ֲ϶׾ٵĴܡ
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أ
һһײըѡңȻ˶˷һ˿һ
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֣ȻҲ⣬ٶȸһ֡Ҳ˼֣ͼĽͷ
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ȻɫһһХڶһһʧһطۡ

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26 һȭ֮
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һ̣ƴһСľһУȻ̫ͼء
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һȭֱᣬ֮ռ亷Ȼ˿˿Ѻۡ
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27 ᡢع

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ɫޱȣԭشȭ
һȭһſȥǲ죬գۣѾС
󲿷ֵ˶˳Ǿ䵱̫ȭǴʱȴһֲͬζ·һһʽ԰
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28 ҵĸ
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29 Ŷ쵤
ϵطµ֮ĵȵȡ
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ǶԴ˵֮ҲޱȵģԲ쵤Եõ󣬴̰ʮҲûƼΡ
ÿһΣҪʱֲʧ
ȻķѴ󣬹ЧҲ
֮꣬һػũɵΪֲ֮첻ǿʧܺĵҩ
ĹЧֲ˵Ļ㣬ʹ˵ǿȡ
ҩЧֲ֮塢޲Ρ
ҲҺã˵֮ףͥҲһֱƽƽӵݵ
ʱɱ˾ľŶ쵤ȻǵΪƵġ
һл
š΢΢ЦţԼ֪ɣ𴫳ȥ
ǡ
¡󣬶ҳ裬ʱҪڳָ
ܵͷӦǣûж˵ʲôصԼ
̫๬ŮóŶ쵤ò˵˵ȷǿޱȡ
ȻЧô󣬱ϾǾ
ֻҪ㹻˾͹ˡ
ܽǿǰ㣬츳õǿ֮㹻£ȫաɾʱҲ̡
ڴ磬һҵʱ䣬Žȫգɾ
츳ǿʱͻ̡
ûеʱ䣬һͷöҩ

ʱŵ޵ϸС𣬽ɫâʢΧм䣬γһɫ󲻿ԵԲ롣
Բйɵضţƺʲô
һʮ졣
ʮһ̵ʱɫԲʧˣܵԭء
壬ǧص̺һ󡢰ϡ
ۣԼʱǾŶ쵤
ʱ൱һ顣
Ӵҩ컯ںϽÿһ䣬ΪǱ
ӣʹҲȻȻͿҲǴ޽ɾ硣
ǿ
ڣҲĪô
Ϊκʱڲûʲô
ҲˣһǱŵ档
ֱӴﵽ˵ɲΡ
ûǵɲΡ
ΨһϧľǣΪںԭȻﵽ˵ɲΣȴܲ
ΪԪ
ʵԪ벻Ҳ벻ʶ
ԪʱԪǾںϲģԪɡֻ֮ǿԪΪԪҲǷǿ
ԪôǿķǿȴܰȻµĴȥ
ɲΣҲǷҲǾںϣ֮Ҫǿ󾫡
ͬʱὫҲʶںϽڣǺױꡣ
ںҲᵮ
˵ˣǾԪԾ
ܵľڵʱں꣬ʱںϲˣȻ˷
Ӳ̶ϣȷﵽ˵ɲΡ
棬ҲͨɵֻԶֶ̹ΣԺǿҲѵĶࡣ
귽棬Ϊں˾Ҳᱻԡ
ϤӦһδãǰȥл



30 ͬĴ塢
ҼܣȻ͸ȴܿûͻƵ֮
巽Ľǿˣû⣬ûں־ע߲ԶģֻǸѡ
ȻҲûʧֻЩȡ
ԾŶ쵤ĹЧȻûõܽɣδ̫ǿЩ
󣬾һ˿˿ϲ
ԽǿԽá
֣СӾڸ쾪ϲ
һԵʿҪӴԴ˿Ϊ⣬Դ̵ǿ󣬾Ҫ磬ֻҪƵҲܹ
Դ£Ƕ¡
ٴ˵һ鶫ǵ£õ׼ãʱҪչء
󣬵ܾͻصԼһͷ֪ʶĺ
ֻǻᾭش磬һЩ񣬼ӿһЩ֡
ʱƣ֮Уʱǿ٣ʱ伸һۡ
һ죬Լе󷨣ϥڴϣĳһʱ̣Ӱʧ

ݴأǧ꣬͢Ƶ棬տ಻ԡ
Ӧ˶
Ԫꡣ
ոձΪ㸮С
۾ĿСһɫ
壡
㣡
Ϥ֣ȴǴͬĻ
ûʲôء֮ʷһǶǵ硣
ǳϡ
Զȣȴȴǿ˺ܶ౶
ɷ졢ɾ顣
ĸ󾳽磬ǰļһԱȣ׾ܱȽϳ
ɷǺĵһ׶εҲ൱ڴʦ
ɾ൱ںĵĵ֮ˣⷽУɾİλ൱ڴʦΪ̫ҪԱҪ˲١
龳粻֪ǰûмӦҲڵ֮С
֮ĸⷽ磬׼ȷ˵Ӧ䡣
ϸϸǰļ䣬ʮ㣬Ϊ֪ܶණ
һᣬɰ˵Ͽա
ɫ֮ϴ˷۶ԽԽ࣬ͨ˿ɾȴܿȻҲܿ
ԶܸȣȴҲ֮ͬ
Щ֮ڣǴԱˣܵܵѹƣʵӲ˼ɡ
Ǻһ磡
ϸϸ˼һһЩӦԣͿԼھΣʵǵһҪģǸ硣
ʱ䣬ƶ֮£ǿһЩҲǿһЩ
ﵽ˰˳ңȻϸ˵֮Ⱥĺܶͨĵǿܶɾ˵˿塣
֮ˣ൱ɾͨɾûԶ
һԱʵϣڵ˵ûʲôΣա
ֻҪ̫ͷӽҪҲ⣬Ҳͱ˵ʲôһͳˡ
ﾲţǶ˲Ȥ
ַֻС̬ʹ
ۣĬĬƽģصĵʱ䣬̬ѾܺˣڿƲеͻ档
ڶ졣
ΪĵҲҪȥ糯ģŴǵ飬һ߲ɫ۲Щ󳼡
ʱĴ壬Զûе۷壬һЩĳ佫ҲˣֻЩĳ佫Ҳû۷ѡ
֡޵ˣʱ۷塣
Ĺ㣬Щ˽ᵽɾ۷ʱ̡ķ
ͬʱҲвĿƵλϡ
ϷλһеӰ
ƺһˣ
һˣ

Ȼ̬ŵƽ࣬ڴУһɲĸ߰ʡ
ȻҲˡ
ܶϤǰˣȻܿó
һתۣǾȻˡ
ոձΪһĶӣݲһˣ̬ȻҲһˡ
Լˡ
һЩıҲ㲻ʲô
ڿȥֻǸӳȶѣǺ¡
һʱ䣬ܵӽϤˣߡЩҹӵܣ۷ľ
ڵǰǺܵʲôĹ塣
һʱĳ»Ҳռʲôơ
ֲֿڹĸ̬߰ǰʶеееԱ硣
Դˣ򸾴ϲܵӣ˵ҵļԨԴ顣
ģʱһֲһļɵ
ÿЩЦԼ׶ӣôСɵʲô
һǰѧϰź֪ܶʶʲôʵĶչ׳
Ҳһѵõѧϰ̣ΪʵĲͬһУʵҲЩһġ
ЩҪһȥ塢
ֹ˼£һĴ£ˡ
Ϊѡһλ
ԴˣȻÿɷİȻܡ
Ůˣٲ˵ģֻҪɫɡ
ѡһƵգΪ顣
λҲûгϣ
ɲǰʲôӰеĳ¹ӵȻҵݣǳ߹󣬱׵Ľ


31 ǿ˸
ֻǼһŮˡ
ӦһΪӵǣϣҹ
ĸͷò˵Ư
Ư˾̾ݳǵġ
ŮУûòȵģǹӺݻȴûȡ
ƺеӡʺ
һȺòµŮվһȿģ
ϵ£һһЦǶǣеĿ⡣
һĸ¡
֪ΪΣ仰ƺ˵
ģﺦ߽ŵУʼ
õͣ塣
ʲôˣٲŮ˵ģƷйƷװƷҫƷŽ¶Ʒȵȡ
ܴӲųŮˣ෴ὫõŮˣװĺ󹬡
ʹôϲ
õģӦġ
ܼ򵥵ĵܼ򵥵ɣҲ򵥵
һ˲䣬Ŀ⶯һ¡
ľ׳
ܸܵڣдʲôǾҪġ
ƺܵʲô̲׳
תȴòʲô
ϵȷоҪĶ
ܶ뷨һӿֱ֣ų
ֻʣһܣ
˵˱òͨ˵Ӳ֡
һͨͨûʲôȴһЩ񲻷һеġ
ۻרС
Ψһ⣬ܶЧģǰ˸ֵˡ
һĸ¡
ĸС
ܵ
С磬;Եǳˮﶼ
һʹࡢ̬˵Щȷ
˶٣ѹЩ˼պʵˡ
ţһᣬоһ

һº󣬵ȷһ飬ϵĶȷʵ
һҹ֮󣬾ͳ˰硣
һУʱ̲ټžȻЧССȷãʤޡ
ò˵һ֮ϲ
ǰ״̬ѧϰԼš
һλλĳ󽫵ɾԽԽǿҰԽԽ
ȻͷϻԻʹա
ֻվǣȻȻż˵Ŀ⣬ƽȻ¶һЩǻۡ
޲֪λдţΪɫ
λֳ̫ҲԽԽԶɵ
Կ꣬£ܿʼĥ
ǵΪһ£ΪԲͨ
ȴ֪
ڴ磬Ͷ෬ѧϰ绹̫Сˡ
ܶ·涼ûС
磬ԽʿʿȵȽӳּ
ͱڡ
վУϣŲԶʷʮʿ
ʮʿʷսʷ꽨Ρ
ԣʷܼʮǵʿΪá
ɾǿߣ趯䣬ʮǷƱɫԲڣ֮䣬Ƶĺܡ
ԴˣûȥҪһһǹƴɽĵԻʱȥѧϰ˷ѡá
ֻҪ֪ϵϿͿˡ
ڴ̣ǽ¡
ھ꣬ʰꡣ
ʵﵽһʼͳһݵһδս
޵Уֱϳ£ܱΪδսͳ˧
²ˡ
ָȫƴֵ֮һG
ǰߴսǺܻȴ󽫡
ܸģG룬Լڷ棬Ҫƽ
ҲȷǸ£ҪǴʱʵǳǿԺ¡
ϡʷĳ󽫺Ҵ޲۲ͳһݵľ޴͡
̫󽫻۵һδսGѹ³ӡ
Ҫ˵Ĵڣƽܾôһλˡ
ȻǸݻǲеģҪҪ
Ȼõѡ
ʵ֤ĺܲ
ƽȲҡ
Ҵ巽棬ͨĳ󽫣ܵгá
ʱȥһж˳ϳ¼ûʲôֿͶ߱ȱȽǡ
Ҳź̤˽֮ء
ϲ¡ϲ£ƽϳ£ͳһݣ±ضմðǰϳ¹ǵ·ϣԱߣһ˿ƺϵЦ
˵ʲô䵭Ŀ⿴ûλ֮һƺ˿⣬һȡ
ҲԷֱòӣЩµ̬Ѿˡ
˼Ҿôȣô죿
ҪǣȣȴĲеᷳ·ǾǶԷģֻ˸еѹ֡
ᾪĸеһӦĸоĸԸš
˼Ҷ˭ô죿
˵̫䵭Щ֪úýύ󳼡
ȻҲ˵̫ѹȥ
Դˣܺ⣬⼸УϵעԽԽࡣ
ϲԴƺƣְĹᣬͲϲҲмοڻҲûʲôá
Ҿ⼸ʱ䣬Ը񽥽˽ܹıҲһչֳϵ䵭ϢǹѹҲԽԽŨ
õǣҲĲټɵύ󳼵ĻӲǺûӡ
ȻǱΪӵǿ˸ĵܣҲҪɵġ
ʱᶼЩһ䵭߰Ըˣȴʳ֮µ顣
̫һʵ۲ˡ
Ҫǵӣɱˡ



32 ء
ˣǶԻȨһв
濴ݲͬҲвͬĴ
һɵŵܣһڴš
ڴɫ
ѹеĲƽϸϸ۲λޡɵ͸Ľ£ɫпһЩ
ɽЩüʲôһ󺣡һԨһ㡣
һʱ䣬ԼľЩɣ֪ǶǴ
ԥ£˾εķΧʹ
˲֮Ϊ̫֮λӦǵĲǣҲһֱϲ£˴ξкܴᡣȻϵ˵
ɫ˿䵭Ŀ⿴һֻۣһۣȴһ
ֻоܱһۿ
ܵģĿһ¡
һ֮룿·еһѹ
вɾ̾Ҫ֪ǵλΪϲ֮һ
ʵûҪ˰ͽᡢλҲûܸѹ
ȴģҪǣ˶Դȴû
Ǻǿ˸
һʱ䣬ȴǶԼѡᶨһЩ
ʷϵЩΰԸһ·һͬģȴǶǿ˸
Ҳǣֻǵ˸ַʽȴһ
е顢еƦеľ͵ȵȡ
ص£ֹһ룬вٴ󳼣ϣȻ
û˵ʲôֻǰ·ողŷһĻȫȻˡ
Щü˾ٿĵģһʱЩܵľٶ
ȴҲûж˵ʲô
˰ʱȻüͷһ壬һȻҲ
׽㣡
ڴʱһǰɽּǧˡ
Щ˴ŲͬнˣҲг͢һֱڵķ
ΪܴʱĲǺһ֣ҪǺڣҲǿӣϳ¹ԷؾӲ࣬Ҵ󲿷ֶǰ·
ȴû뵽Щǰ·ľӣͼֱȡܡ
ʱܵ˹ڵľӲЩˡ
ಣ
ͻȻһƿһӰܷȵ
¸Ŀ䣬ܣֻԹۣƺ˿ûнЩ˷æ»ԵƬ̣ȥЩ
ܲصͷ̴Ϸһӭ¸һߵأǽˡ
ǡһۡĮһ׵СӰ֣һѽɫӭǧˡ
ܿһۣһ˿Ȥ
¸û뵽ӵһȴͶվڡسɱǵѾ¸ײһ
䣡
һɽӵײǻѾǵײһ
ء¸˺⣬Լһ˿˿Ⱥͼ꣬Ȼû뵽ػڴˡ
ûж˵ʲôֺ顣
ӰϾսԲɶʱϣڡ
ֻǿһۣûٿ
ⷽ·;Ĳ࣬Ԫغǳ¸Ԫ·Ҳﵽܹշеɾ
¸ԲصĶֻ֣һ֣ͱѹ·硣
ЩȤģغǰѽ
ǧ˵ϮСĮڶԷٴοһЩסǱĽЩĽγ

һĽһɫӰɣ翪޽ǧ˺ɨȥ

ۣ
ʲôôܣ

ʱ䣬ҽһ֮£޿ɵֱֵӱն룬ʣµҲ˴롣
Ͽգ¸ľŭĲѣǧˣǳ¹ĵˣһٶλ쾳Űٶλ۷塣
ǰΪ˻׽ܣԴһЩĿġ
û뵽⣬·Ǹꡭ
ԯҧ޵̴еˡˣۡ
û˵꣬ͱһƺݺݴϣҷʮɡ
֪ЦһĿһ·صĿһ۵ܡ

һɫӰŬľӰٴκɨеĲҽʱʧ

¸ߵĴУȴֻţһ̣ͱܡ
£ܾˡصϣ¸˿ܣܵ
Ŀ¿ǰǰĿ⿴ǿһԵأ䵭𣺡߻ȱһԸ⡣
ʻȴû˿ѯ֮⣬еֻһƽ
ãһ£СЩͿء
ǴϲҪ˰Щᡣ
ػһѺܺõġ
գۣ˾ٺãҲҪʸǡ
ʧȥȨƣٺõҲ˱˵ġ
̶س¡㻹ߵл¡
Ŭѹ¼һһ۵عµл¡ض¡
һԣЩζˣһ̾Щ˼ʼ˼¡
Ѿͬ⣬ͿԸЩļһﶷһˡ
ͷϣûôס
ţ͸оһɽԨĿ˹ͬʱһɼѹ
ԺһǵĿ⣬ͿԨһ۾вԾľЩ⡣
ж
Եޱȣط·𿴵һͷĿԼ
һɲǵơ
ع񣬵ѾǰˣԱɫЩ𾪡ݵĸš
ʱһŭӿ



33 ֮
˶ң
ˣ
϶˶ңƾʲôƾʲô˶ң

һŭֱͷ޲̾ͷڣԺһõܺÿȻ
ǿǿѹ˷ŭָ˺ܶǣֲС
ΪܻϻʺϲһЩΣҲﲻˣκβ˵ܡ
ҪһҲ
ЩҲҪˡ
лǱߡ̫Ǳߡ
ôһ룬ŭ˺ֵ֮ܶ࣬ģ˿˿ľ⡣
Ծ˸ղ˫Ŀ⡣
ŭٴ˴룬оɲŭȨȣϾб
ѹ˿˿Ĳʺͷŭȥܰĵط˿˿Сԣء
û˵ʲôĬˡ
һԣҲϣͷͬκˣƽ
ܵУǳݺ;η
ǿ
صһǳ⣡
ûģ붼롣
СУħͷͿֲķ·죬Ͷ£ԶһЩħͺܸˡ
Ժܲ¾ȳĸףû뵽ֱӺǳһٴħ
ħԹŷ
һʱ䣬жصӰʱ˲٣ıһܾȳĸס
ڵΪʲôҪȳĸףʱû
ֻǿһЩϣһҪץס
ûԼص˼ԣػ㲻Ǹ˲ţҪ˹
ء
ڴʱ峯Уʵ治ʲô
ÿ˶ÿ˵֮ͬȴǲͬ
һ˶ԴԼ£ͬҲòͬ·ʽ
ԴƻԴ
ݲɳӣȻͶȻҪʵʵ¡
ˣ˼ƻǸ̸ꡣ
úôùϵΣʱҲܱҧһڣƽ֮ʱҲĻ̫¡
ֻ塢£Żʵʵ
᲻Թޣ᲻ᰵͶ˷ҧ
˿ģĴ峯þƣûʲôѡ
ҪǣֻҪӵ㹻ǿƣؾֻܰԹѹη壬ʵʵ
ʵֹأܶҲˣⶫɿĻġ
ֻ㹻ƣܽ±ĵģάһĴڡ
ȥص飬˼һãֿϷ¸ҪץЩ˼
ְأδֳܷ¸ְ䡣
ϣԼ£䵭
һ֮Ȼǰ·Ľ죬¤ҵˣӦǡ
Ӧ󣬿ʼȥˡ
˾ʮ·ڽ˽ǡ
¡Gӭӵܽ˵Ĵǡ
šӦһܵǰȥˣ˶ϰˣš
ܿ죬G͸˵ʱ飬һЩҪ¡
Ҫģ
⣬ܻ˴ȥԸһ֮μҡ
ڣǳ屦ĳŮԼһЩ購Ĵ÷
ټȫǰգڽһ˵նûԥߡܱ
£ǲȽǴشˡñ¹ĿڵһӢ˿ڵ
ԨѾΥ̣һһԱĿĴ󽫳
ʷĩΥֻǽһ˳
¼ȻѾȻѾ˼˵ȷǸն£¹ġһλ佫˿ڵ
ʱλ֧֡
Ԩ߼˶һۣЩüһ۵ܱӰûٶ˵ʲô
ǰܽŲͣƺûۣG߲ǰ۲ŵܱӰʲôҲû˵
Ȼ䵭ȵٴ
ʱעս£֧Ԯ׼G㸺˰ģء㸺罭Ҵ壬ʱǡ
£Ҵᡢ¹Ϊ
û£ȻܽŲͣˣһҲ׷ͣ½Ų
ֻת˫䵭۾һˡ
ʱG̲סһ䣬ԾЩţЩհЩ졣
ʷѱĴ󽫣ʵĺܡ
ĿǸˣǸĹ٣ҲӸλ
˫Ŀ⿴ţľĸо
ܵصͷʶС£¹ֻǽ顣
˵꣬Щ죬̫ˡ
ȴû˳Цڽ±ƽģû
ûGλ౻ֱ֣ûʲô
ûתǰߣ˿GһʲĹ١м佫Ӧǡ
˿иӣϵԽԽǿˣ
⣬Ҳֻλˡ
ǿĹǿʵ
ֻǿֳĳɫȣȻҪǣԼˡ
ֻվ⣬Īĸеһŷ
˵еЦʵʣȴġ
ʷϣ˵ģֻһλλ˵еʼʵۡ
лġԥ˵ȵУһһۡʼ˾칫
ֶԼһϢʱ䡣
һ·ϣǽǱ£¹ԭֻһˣڼ࣬ԽԽࡣ
صͶոһУһֵϢ



34 󶥼

ԶǳĨȥĲпᶷ
Ҳֲͬȴһġ
ڵⷽУ󶥼
һΪ׵ĵ۵G齨µȶǣռǿ
ڶǹ¤ţԹ¤ң¤ԾΪءܻ¼ҵ˶ǣԹ¤ҲǼַɵ
ɽţ߼ΪףҪĹٷ棬ܴɵļšɲ⡣
ĵңͬɲ⣬ϵӰ쳯ø߹٣¿Ӱġ
ңҲ˵ǳԷңһֱڱ֧ᡣ
ħţҲǳ塢֮Ĵ󲿷Ӱټңڸиҵ߹ӡ䣬ڡ
ʣµĽϴȣǴһȵ
У漰ڽ̣ڳϵռƣԴ󲿷ֻܴӲӰ£ߵĳ֡
ҲΪ壬һֱ
ǰУ۵˵¤ǾΪǼɵЩȻҲڴ޵ɽҼţҲ
෴ǣ¤ŶԿ
ۼ̫Ҳǰƶ
ԣ¤ŵˣͶԿɽҼš
ֹأٹ¤ŵˣ˵ܣֻǸ̽İˡ
һʼûжѡ
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35 ж
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36 Ķҡ
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УĿⲨĿŻʹ򣬵ȷǿ
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Ȼޣʹ֮һЩǳķǻġ
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38 ʧܡ
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ͻʧܣܷɣġ
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ССͣѴﵽ֮ǿ츳佫·ӣ츳ֱƽ֮ˡ
˵Ҳ֣ⷽ粻ǸС磬ȴ˺ܶ츳š
ᡢءȱܻޡֵˣǲںĺܶŶ
дҲˣֻǶѡ
ᡢءȱǣ츳λֳҪǿ
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֮󡢺ȴռĵݣ֪֮ǿ
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ͬʱҲʱ̹עŴˣԽԽɡ
ûǶɡ
ƺǿʵ۵ͨҲס



40 ꡢӿ
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ʱȥݶԽԽŨ
ʵ۾ûвɵġ
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ΨԪ谣һԼµĽɽ
ԪΪ²ùʸɱ
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ʼʣɱиءţѹһУԲмɱ
ҲˣԽԽɣɹ¤šɽšԼĵ۵
ֲҡǹɶɣȴúܶԱܸܵ
ȻòĵĹԱЩ䡣
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ʵڳϣҲò˲ܽܡ
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44 
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45 һɢɳ
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ЩԱ׷ϱֻǰѡ
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ЩԽԽǿãĶԷǿ͵ǲǿ



46 ڸ󡢾
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Ժܻͳʮû⣬ܿγս
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һλ̫ǰ·һλŮӸں档



48 ûоܾȨ
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𣬱ֻоһѹϮܵıܹȫȶ񣬿˼һ¡󷽵Ϊѧ֮ǰϿ
ĿЩ⣬¿ӰһĨ͡

ȥʷţܸʲô䵭˿䣬ȻλŮӶôֱӣȻ˵ʲô
Ļ˵ЩʲôҲ²ܾġ
һǣĸˡ
Ĵ˿˿˴˹̽Ĵɮ

ڱĳʱһɷǵӰ˴˹
ƶԬμϡԬѹеľ
ЩȤˣһֱز¶ĵš
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ǿĲ˼飬֮ỹǿȻûزҲֻһ֮
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𺳣֮ǰĶԲҪһˡ
Ҫޡк£֮ĻĮ
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Ԭüͷһ壬Ҳܴš
ȥܲɵ
ԬΣֻܹһ񣺡ǣƶˡ
סûоܾȨȻһԵޱȡޱȵΧ˲̵˼㡣
Ԭһִˡ
ҪôҪô仰˼
ͷأһתȥ
´ۣźͷŲ󶥼ǴûоܾȨ
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49 ţ񡢴ѹ
˳һС
λϢͳϵɮϣεĲѾΧռ䣬ƽصֻ˶
ԬѾʹˡ
ҷҹϵǵȣӦˡ
գ
Ǿɣɮһ

˹һԺ䡣
һգŵʸ졢ȴһаоˣЩִݡ
ˣ黹ûͳ浱һʧˡȻһıе
˼ǣ
ȡһ˵
˵òаĶԹǶһʱ㲻ᡭ
ߣιغʥǧ˥£Ȼֵóء

ѧ֮ԽԽңһЩƽϹҲ׷׳ڴ˳ǡ
ƺŶʧĸѧ˵ͻȻô˳
һʱ䣬˳ֲѣţ񣬷׷ۡ
ͳǧңȴǷӦЩˡ
ȫӦʱѾڷ˼ϡ
ҵɽҼšϼšԼҴ塢ˣʼ
סͨҲ˲ʲôѹһѹٴһЩ޲õܽһжȷϿʵʩöЩ֮뷨
׼ҵԼһЩҲʼ˳Ǹ
ȴ˿żôŴ˳ԽԽ֡

˳Ǵ޸
ߣϻǺü㰡ͨһ߷ߵ
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ǰǻСˣʵĿĸңҡһԣ֣˵
Ȼȥ˹ְ߼֣ҵļ
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ȷӦʱԵΪ׵ѧɣ˴˳ǡ
ʱҲٳûҲ׽ѹȥˡ

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ȻǧҶ
ǧĶңʵ֮ʱǸѧ˵ʵǿû֪һû˸С

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Ŀ⵭Įˮһλɾ۷ҵˣԴʱ˵һ㣬ֵӡ
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üͷһ壬̾˿վᰡ
ʰλϰϺϳɾƽвʧֱӵŴӴԸӱµǲ
Ҫǵĳ⡣΢䣬вá
ʾϵ
ء˰ƽȣɮһ飬¼ڰΥ߲óΪɮܵĮԽԽ԰Եȫɵ˼
ɫһҪȫѹŰ
һӦˣʵδǱ̼һֹȫڳ͢С
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룬ܵӰԵˣһº޻˰£Υߡһɽ𡣡
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ơ˿أԵûȨ
¡
·ⲻɿܵõ˹νһƶɮˡ
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һȴҶ˵ʲôֻǽŲһЩ
ǵ⣬ż˱ģ̾һţԼһȥ
Щɻ󣬵Ҳû룬ܿ죬ͽӵһʧ롢ͷĿѣʥּ



50 ûʸ
ĵķӦų˹ţͿʼɮ顣
ʱвͬߣзŭߣҲгĬߡ
ӷ𣬴Ѳܾˣʦɡ̾һ
ɮͷ¹طںδǵȷѾ
ڱ֮£Ȼڷ˵ÿΪ˷ŴƣҲ˲ôˣֻίˣ
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˵ţһӣܾټԬ
ԬһܺɷǵɫͱˣһĨβסľչ¶
֮
ôô죿޶
ԬЩţѾȫȫ͸ܵľ磬֮
оǧˣеٴδﵽ֮
ԭȵ˵̱ƷѾǸ磬ȻҲͲһˡ
һΰݣֱԲϣҵŴɶѰٸƶһʱ䣬ʱӱµǲ
޸һʱ䣬ʱߡһˡƺ⣬Եûκλء
ԬһӦ¡
ܼۣԬ̬ȱ仯⡣
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ֽǿ󣬵ʵҲֻǿ
󣬵Զû޵Уǧ궯ңһҶҴ̫ˡ
ҵĴڣһ湰ңһ桢Ҳҵ׶ˡ
˵ȼҺ
ҲΪȼҡ塣
ͱ纺ĩмЩˣ
һںҲֻԡԼ塣
⡣
׳ͼλ̫Ĵ˵ûʸ󣬶ʱһͷĿѣ
λʱûôֱֱ̫ˡ
ƿڴȴңǧ׮׮֮¶˵ʵΪ
ͬʱºܿʹ˳ȥ֮˷ŭѣȴǾ
ٹԱ࣬ʥ֮׼֮Ҫȵȣﰵֻһ˼ϲôԿ׼ҡ
ţܵķӦҲֱӣʮλԱ׽ΪΣȻ˴롣
ʱס˲ٹԱ
ҲҶҵı׶ˣҪȿǼ塢ԼȥңΪһ׼ҾôʧȥְԼң
ϣΣȻְжٲ˵ġ
Ԩѧý̲ĵı༭ԽԽңGضоЩŲסˡ
һߵŸһ߼ǿ
ʮպԬٴܡ
˱Ըӻϵǲ֮⣬һô˴ǧ
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51 
ǧǰʼʱһݴƲɢأ޲ʵʩ
ȴЧ
֮һ
һɹѹˣǧ
ϸϸйľ巽
һ˵һ֮СУʹҷ˳ֻ߼ֵػΣ
ںУڴ̳
ǵʹ֮ϵĲ鲼̽
£̽Ĵأʹհ档
ϣźĵʹ̵ͨطŨҲеű̵İȫԴ̽ƻ
˵ˣǶԴ֮á
֮ںϡʹ֮ͺ͵干ͬоķӡ
ⷽСóķӣǺͺе֮ͬȴǲȱġ
ûǲȱģֻнô֮ȴû͵ķš
һȱҲͲǹҵֻݵ
ͬʱû֮Ҳֻ᱾ܵʹڵط˳ֵػΣʵЧ
ǻ˵ĹЧˣȻͶˡ
Ϊûк͹ݶҲͻ۲ͷϣǳֺá
ܵĮĿԬ˿˿ɱ⣬ģǲ֪
ɲǼ򵥵ģǳֺá
еǸ㣬
ԬЩɻ󣬻ϵõ˷㲻ϲɫӦҲЩӦ
˷ˣĬϢܵĮʵ
ػϣˣ˷ҵͨǧʱ䣬ܽó˴׸ϡԬͷ
ɱԽԽŨͼԬüЩɵ֮ʧܽ˷ܾû˵ʲôһֱ˼ãˡ
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ּԬ֣Ӧȴ̾˿
˳Ż
Щȴǡ
ҲԹƶ

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һЩ˶վΪؾĿϷϿաͻʹ
Լפ˳֧̾Ϳʼ
ĴʥɮһϲһʦϢΪʲôϴˣ
һ۴˳Ϸǻŵˣп಻ˡ
ԬһۻʹڣǹڲסЦ⣬һصֻ
ԭɽУʧˣɮһѪðüͷһ˵Ϣŭƶɮð
ǻûлָĺڶ·𿴵һ˫Įϵ۾
Ϊʲô֪Էǵϣ
֮ȫѹƣǴ˳Ͽˣ˿˿ϵĵϢ
Ҫϲˡ
ٲ˼飬ԷҲȷɡ
вЩɬ治ðģһʱ䶼û׻Ϊʲôֱӳ֡ðģ
ߣһߴӺڶд漴ڶʧ
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ʮϢһӰշɫޱȣ໥˿û˵ʲô
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κһλϹ˵ολˡ
ǵ
֣ɫɫȥȷðոնԷҲȫ
޽ȴһλɾΣûѾˡ
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52 Ӧþ
˳ǡ
Ԭɫɻĸ顣
һᣬλȥײĵ˻ˣһʵԬ֪֡ԭɣ
ԬһЦۻʹѵȴλƻϣ
ڵʿţʱ׷Ц
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λʱǰȷײȥˡ
л˿˿𺳣ʹλĵ֮ˣ
̫˼ˣ
λѣǵʱ䡢ҲˡԬɫƽΪص
ƺ뵽ʲôҲЦ⡣

˳ǵһС
Ĵʥɮǰɮ֮ɫǡ
֮
ϾȻﵽ֮
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׼ǰһ£ΪĴʥɮѹסڶġ
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53 
Gɺأ˵ûмٹ
Ϊ˲һ·ˡ
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ֲͨΪԼЩ׽͸·һߡһ侲ַĶߡ
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ֱʮգڡȷѧõĽ̲ġ
ķ棬ΪҪռһңټԷݺᡢΪŶ漰
䷽棬ڹԵƽ͵ڹķΪķ⹦Էҡ;ȭ塣
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ѾԴﵽֲ֮ͳԽ֮
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˾Ҳʼ۲ˮأȻû˵Ƕ֪ҪΪ׼ˣиܣɶǵŵĴ󹦡
ա
糯֮ϣһЩ󣬵ֱӵּگȱս
£Աʱһ
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ϣϹߺϺݣҪ壬֡Խһ̣һԱӲͷƤ˵˫۸ҿϷ
һЩԱ̶һ仰ʥּ˭˼ᶨͱ䡣
ؾɶûСֻлؾ֣˼Ǳؾߡ
һؾǾǰϵˡ
ڷû˿ǡ
£һˣ뿴աȱĴڣȻ뿴ǽ
ʱܵԽԽǿٹԽӾηҳ淴ԵԽԽ١
ǹԱҵվҲû취ھеˡ
ϣ飬Ϲߺְش󣬴ʱ±֮ʱʱگǽ²סûʲôӦһϹԱ׳ŵ˵
ɫƽٹٵĮ˻飿
ٹٰûվȿƣGˣѾڿҪĸֺ
ǴΡ䡣˿·һ㣬λԱٹԱһ𣬲Ҷ˵ʲô
̶ʱ䣬˭֪ϷλİԵŰɱ
ֻܹԹΣ
ϣǲϽǺأ׼վ˳˵˼ֱӣƽѵ׼
Ȼǻʵ۵ǻһ̲ãƽܾˣһֱѵһҲûʲô
顢ƻ
ּּλӦ
˳

ٹٵܻصǵȱվŲ󵫰۵Ķӡ
ݵǣ̣
ֻѡ񣬽
ʥּٶȣֱ򱱷ϷȥһЩҲǽԲߡ
گȱսʥּѾ´ŤתɽǾֻڻһˡ
ʹǵɲӰû˾


54 ȱճ
ֻǵóһۣл·
һƽѣ첻ɶӰƽѡ
һϢٶȣϱȥ

ϡ
ȱڵյϢ
ɫټ߲ǰ
ʱʮλ䲻ͬ´صպܿ첼
硢ܽ³һȦվᶨ
ܽһѲ⡣
ţܽ

̣ͬûпڣֻǽüͷ˼
ȱɫΪƽǣμǻ۵λĴڡ
ǳĬһ¡صʥֻּн֣˵λᶨһȥͬ췴ضǰκɶС
屩أһλϳ
˵ͷõˡ
ȴҡҡͷ²С
ȱɫûʲô⣬ƺ
˴һͬگչͬ˵˲ʲôλںǸһˣ弴ʹıҪǲȥҲҪˡǳ
ô죿ܲȥ˰ɣ³Щ
죬ȴû˵ʲô
ȥ˳ҲΨһһ·˻Ҳûա˵
˾͸ٴһ̡Ȼһ˴ȵ
ûᶼûκǣο㣿һ̸͵
ˡڣȱˣǵҽ
һزһӳּ͢⡣
磡


ʱʮ˴ʧɫ
ȱֹ̧˵Ŀڣƽö˵һ¡
˵꣬תȥټǰʵΪ飬ʽȨǡ
ȱһߣ˷׷׿ǡ
磬ǡ³
üͷţͣһ·̾㡢ӿֲ
һЩĬ
ΪֲԺҲ˵ڡ֪ܲȷ
Ƶһλ̶ʱ䣬ڴ˳ǷƸֻ꣬붼ÿ¡
ǿȱȥķ򣬳Ҳδؾʮ
˾һʱѾתˣɫǰء
û˵ǣȥδʮΪҰ̫Ҳ쳣Ĵ
ѵõţΣ˭Ҳܱ֤
ȥ˻δʮȥȴһȫ御
˳λһ뵽о;ǳء
һ򽾰ޱȵĴ磬ֻĬĬ
ԶݣƵһĻҲڷ

պʥּϣȱʰһǰˡ
ݵգһǰˡ
Ϣ˿ģǽţαסǣ
ʹУܵҲûʲô⣬λǴˡ
ֻвپˣЩɺΪһսҪأ

鼸ǰ˴˳ǣﰵ˿š
ˣ̷ֱǰȥ󱨵еһǰȥԵĸۡһָ档
ǰȥһ˾ûеȵټԻڴ˵ĸۡ
Ĭģȱն˴ʼաû档
ΪһʵһʵȨڴ˳Ȼиۡġ
ԻصۡŵĸۡȴЩ壬ֱڶաûһš
Ϊʵֺû䶨֮ǰ˭ָóȻţ
ڶ糯˸ٹٽ뺬Ԫŵһμмɵѵĵϡ
ûʲô쳣·ȱ˵ĵûʲôӰ죬Ѱ¡
һֱ½ܺλһİϵĿȥȱһȱ
ԵѾﵽǸ˵ȷ˼֡
ȱա
ڡӦ
ûʲôףֱλεĻȴûκɡأ´ش࣬˵ĸۡҾ졢ҲһǨˡ
£ƺеһ˿գȱնˡ
ȻûпףȴǷģϲҪǵ
Ҿ졢شˣҲ˵һѾˣҲ㲻еˡ
Ȼ
⿴Ϸй˵ζ
ûв¼ɡûɲ¡ûɱȵȣеֻšޱȵĿء
ؼ޲Ϊ
˭ãֻҪ
ּȱӦ
ǽӵϢʱǾѾû·ˣеֻϷ˸ǵ·
Ϣܶ˶˿ȱߺ͸ۡͥС
ҲûӣϴŻȥ´ͼҾһǨˡ
ʣĿհףȻ˶棬ܲĵġ
ȱճǿһЩա
ˣȨУΨһһʣ࣬Ҳֻڲˡ
ݡ
ԽԽû뵽ȱ׾ͳˣ
֮࣬Ҳе˺¡
췴ܳɹ
ЩҡˣϾĸ顣
ܿ죬ڴ˾յϢҡˣ
³ܽŷ飬ɫЩ
һжɣ
ּ



55 ı
ʮպ
ݣһ֮У»ˣһβסĻҺͷŭȫϡ
㡢Ҫʲô֡ǾȻұѱ˭ǵĵӣˡˡ·ˣ»ҵĴš
·ˣȴЦЦмĲм
ֻ֣ޱүؾţֻԸ
ʲôԸʶȵ
Ȼıˡƽ˵
ıһ㶣漴͸Ӿˣıˣǵʲô
ֻүıˣүؾšһϵ
ȴ޲ɱ󺺣ûһ˿һİգҶ֣οѾΪ
ѹ¾šҧǾʲôˣΪҪ˺
үȻǣǾֻʵ˵ˡ̾Ϣһ
ıȻƺǷӦˣߵ룬Ӣ䣬ǲܳɹűġ
ֺɫ˹죬Ҳû˵ʲô
үúϢɣҲô󺰴еģ죬Ҳ˽ġֵ˵һ䣬ȥ
ǲﱾı´УȴΪſλסˡ

գ¡ڲַ㡢ΪһЩҺͽ档
Ϣʱϯ˴ϱ¼ʵǿ߱ȱȽǣ췴ģǵһ
˳УĿǿϷģ˶֪µǵС˼û˿
ûԸκϽȥܵңֻƽʧˡ
֮֮ϼ˭ûаµ¡
Ҳչ򣬿ʼʾƽѡ
͢ʱµıȴûб˳ǣڲ̾ᣬٲԼΧص
ҡȵȣ˳߲
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һʱ䣬ݼΧһƬѪɺӡ
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ϢʱҰԾ
ˣ
ϣܶ࣬ɥĲӦ
ΣΣʥּѾв峼Ѳʻ峼ΪԪ˧ѹҡ
ĲӵʥּٶȲҪʱ䣬ĲҲҪʱ䣬·Ҫʱ䡣
ԵһºĲϵʱѾռݴ山֮һˣЩеҺͽѾˡ
˳һЩܣʣȫɱ
ͷѪɺӡ
ϵɾµͨˣʮұϰٸС
Ƭռݴ山֮һĵһָɾĸо
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͵峼ĲܶԱ޵ҧΪԳһʱֻǿĲӣͶˡ
һûȫͶ
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˵ͶΪʿƬʱֻɱûЩҡ
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躺ң̵ϴڶҺ
ֱǳ¶¶ɱֺûƶһɱ
Ǹеǣλû
ö֮ˣɰٹ²³ζ
ɱɱˣô
˷·仰䴫ָ֯ȴûһҿġ
Щ뱻ϴ໥ңҲһԡ
һӰ첻Сңôˣû˸Ҷ˵ʲô·ڱصˣˡ
ֻʣһƬܸɾĵ
ɾ˻䡣
Ա֪ǣ峼ĲѹҺ󣬴󲿷־һֱʬ塣
ʱʬ壬һУߺ󣬾ͻһλʿǰһЩ˿顣
롣

¶ʮգּԲΪԵ㣬ʼʽʵѧá
ʱ˶ˡ
ֲûҪһƬĵΪҪһƬûκĵطѧá
Ѿ󵽣ѧһȫʵУأĲΧʵУԼ̫̫ࡣ
ݳɹˣл۵ľ飬˲ŵȵȣͿԴط
׺ѣһȫ
֮̾ǾηмӣδѣΪƸΪꡣ
λ˼ʵ̫̫Ǹе¡
һĸ߼ңʵʵˡ
ʧȥǧꡢһͳ˸ܵϿ˹Ĵڡ
ѧڲΧݱĽţʼǱߵֻӡ
ڰ¶ʮա
æµµأϻ˴˳ܸ



56 ޴˺ӡ
еľ㱨˫ûʲô۵ݣȾѾ˽ˡ
ʳ˾ÿ춼ᷢϢܵĻ㱨ҲУҪϸĶࡣ
ۣĿ⿴ϣʱ䣬ԷϢ˼һʵǰ˼ȻȥԸţջ
ȻȻæµ£ű鲼£ô׾ȫٺõġ
ΣҲǽеһ׶ΣûôæµطŸϻشָȫ֡
ΪΣһͨС°ƽһ䡣
˼תػϣȻдڵĵҲӦʱ̽ܳ͢ලܶа񡣡
ӦðһרĲţܵʵ
ΪԡҲԥֱӵͷ
ȥ׼һɡ
ּˡ
˳ǵͷһɣ̲סͷһۣǹѹʵ̫ǿˣ
Ǿ˵ĵƣǱ
֮Ҳ˵ĸо

ʮպ󣬵ּڽ̼࣬רŹڽ⣬Ҽμ
ضٵŵȣ
֪ǻڸء
ҲǶǰʱıͲ⡣
ȴ̫ᡣ
ֻҪһ룬;һ֣ˣ۵Ļ϶֣ǲǿӲӣ˸еʹ졣
ħŵȫѰЩ֪ںδɽֵϵʿ
ʱһչȥѧڲΧеΪ˳ҺʹСһɶû˴Ȼ˳
һЩ˶̾淽㡢ɱĺá
ʮա
ΤϢ˷ѾƣӪˣɱ򲢷²Ůˡ
ּνŮˡ
ҵԪʮʮա
óһƴĹ̡
ΪģÿݹڴĵĶغͻƽԭϣͨƺӡӡǮˮϵȫǧĴ˺ӡ
˺һóʱðٹ𾪡
ֻһ㶼⹤̵ĺ嫣Լѡ
ǰ޹ˣ˫
ֻ͸¶һ㣬˷ԡ

ڽһ
ڶ߲ͬʱȻЩǵģҲֹˣվǺ¡
Ҳò˵ЩԽɣģǷĲƸͼԲʳ
ҲǵܽôԵĻ֮һ
ּùȫʼ׼˺ӡ
ʼһơôھ
ʮһʮգʽʼ
Էˮ
һգԬֿǰļ룬Ա򲿶Ӵһ档
ʱ򲿶ӽЩȫնɱʬˮ֮С
Ǽ룬ء
пᡢѪ
Ҳǽһ˺ӵ֮
ıɽơƻ֮ǶزҲͰˡ
ȴУ롣
ںģĵرڶ࣬󲿷ֶЩ롣
Ȼˡ
顢顣
ҲǼõĶûʲôĵرֻ롣
֮ĵǿԣȴ˭е
ֻ˲õѡ
Щ߲㶼еǵĵط
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һ񹤶Ǹ΢Ŀʼ
ܿ죬򱻷²ˣٵˣԼһЩһˣʼ޽˺ӵĹ̡
޽ģΪѡΪΣյĵطϢԷ١
Ŀĺܼ򵥣һǡ
ǲͣģһ޽һ߼롣
Щ˳޽˺ӣǵأò
ʮһ¶ʮգּͨٶȲǿ󣬶ЩĻֳʲô
ʮһա
ּٺõղвѲκͨ񲿡кܻʮϲԭʮӦ
ٺõȱʻʮʮӦ
ֻһĿġ
Ҫˡ
ĻˣŮ˺ͯȫҪ
Ӷһ˿ڷ²
Ѫȵһ£ֲòϣõİ취
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ʮ죬ʮΪˣֵʮӦЩ²޽˺ӵĵط
Ů˺ͯûһ⣬һͬʡ
̶һ£߾ˡΪʹ
ʮˣԴԴϵ徳ڡ
Щ˵ĵ˺ӵ޽ٶȿʼֻǹѪζҲԽԽŨ



57 Ѫ
һĳϦƺҫ۵Ѫȡ
ҵգ²ˣһѾ˰
ٶȴҲɱ½
ϾȻ弸û£ҲɵӣϢ׷ԶǨ롣
ܻıţȱţٶҲˡ
ʼѾӦܵĵˡ
ϣǿѾڶʮǰͿʼ׼ˡ
ϾôģӶ˿ڣʹԭȽϵعϡϢЩҲǿߵģõϢ̫
Ƕʡ
¹Ȼ롣
ҲӶᡣ
бѾ˷Χջء
ò˵ǧ궯ңķչõ֧֣Χ
ӶĸѮޡټãϷءϣǶ಻ʤ
ҲֻΪǿ쳣ЩһٱǱĲԲʥɺơ
ʱУ¹Ȼ̲Сʵȴ壬ǲһͳʮȱҲûд⡣
ĶʣЩҲΣʱǳڴġ
ʵҲСڲԭϣԺܻҴ⡣
ȻҲû˿¡
վɱɱģɱӴܡɱǸס
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ǿɶǴս
ɺѾϢʺܻǶʿǳڴģˣ
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Ҫģһ˭ҲӲֺαںǰ
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ϧȱ˵Ĵ֮¹Ȼ뼸ǲһһս֮£ȫ
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ˣȢĹңô
ôˣȱڴҵ²Żص徳ڣô²˺Ӹĵط
ȱҲûЪϢ¹ȻԱߵĸȥһ¹Ȼ뻹Сٵңɡ

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ͬʱѺʮʴ²شҲǸ򵥵¡
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徳ڡ
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ٶ죬ĵĸ졣
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⻹Ǻܶ˶ΪǵԵʡ
ͬҲΪ̣·ݣѾαңֱݺɱһ
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ͬҲˣ



58 桢
ԭ֮ϡ
һս֮ɺűǱӻͥɫ߲ѣȴҲйΪǷϡ
ɺΪ֮ơֻϵͷɺ乲ˡ
ɺüͷĸȻҲǹЩ²ȥġ
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ĶԥᶨɺʱǶ֮£ʵҪʲô˺ӣѾץһٶˡ¹Ȼࡣ
ȥԭ˵ĴУǱԿŴͷɺġ
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̾˿ɺѾû׳־ˣ󣬾ûˡ
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һɺǴ˺Ȼò˵ޱȣθڣҶʿҲǹʱ𡣡
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һݣãϵͷ˵Ŀʣ壬Ҳ֪ͨǡ
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ʱʮ꣬ɺͱǸصʥأҲǲԭʥء
桢ͻѵ֮ʱݵ𣬴˿˿ľηԼ¡

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ʱܻмΪأʼͬʱȴָԮ
ԭڶϣôЩ˵Ͳˡ
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һʥּ
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һٶ£羪κˣ̤ɽӡ
ֵܻ˼֮ԴŰѾ޴ıֱָƺҪ˺һеĳ档
ȻһӰ󷽷ٳˣֱָܻǡ
䣡
춯ص
ʱܻɫص˼㡣
棡
λŶʮ꣬ΪŷܷѳɶʵĲԭǿߣһγˡ
һǴֱʣԾǿţʻвϵһ𣬹塣
ɱ
һȣŰѾ޴ıУն档
֪
һҰ쳹أԲƺˣһӰ
ڣһ˫ȭѱ
䣡
һײռ飬ըɢѱֱӵɶأСκͨɫһף˫̲סĳ𺳡
֮
̫ǿˣ
ѺͺˣЩ
ˣһʵԱǿһ㣬һǼʮ֮
յܵĻ֣˼֮Ѿﵽ˵ɵΣ֮£λﵽĲε·硣
ǵӰǰ֮Ҳϣȴûʲôϲ֮ɫܶˡ
ΪһٶѾ쵽ˣƣɢɢڶ༯֮Ĵڣ޲ɢҫ۵Ѫâ
Ĵڣһٶذܡ
ֵܻȴûκν֮ɫ
һ̣ɫˡ
üΪѿΪӰѾԶ
ڵңҧгݵ·žɱͷŭ
־ܰɡһ߹ģ˵
룬û뵽ǵѾ˱˵߹
ɫһ䣬Щ
˵ţһһƴ棬һ֮¡ǬŤת

һ쳹صĴȣ֮γһֻɳ̵ĺɫǣʾ˳ȥ
һ˫˫ĿϿգˣϼ٣ǰתػء
кܶ˱Ӱˣǧ˴̤ࡣ
䣡
Ϻը죬·ͳ˧ĺܻ´
ɱ
һٶˣǰƶȻǲٶȽǰҲԶˡ
Էʱֹػܣôס
ֻ޴ıˣ̡նңֻһ£͸ǧ屻նɱ
ʱΪǸƣֻܣ׵ֻžػܣ뷴
ɱ¾ɱ쳣Ŀ졣
Ե桢嵱ϣɱʣ¶ˣʱʹܸС˺Σ
ֻһζӣܱס
Ͼû
Ϸϵʿҡҡͷ
΢ѹ·桢·ɱ
ˡ



59 
ڱϾŷ֮ʱʵѾиˣΪľλ棬ͱһһսԭС
ΪʲôλǱôǿߣôӴ
ԭܼ򵥡
˻ϣͲûǣң뷨ִȵȽǣҡ
УС
ȻҪǣλʵ
ĿⲻһϷ
λһ棬Ѿ֮
׷׷
֮ΪʲôԭΪ
ֿһ·ͳˣ֡
Ȼѹ棬ʵĵ̣֮ѹƣռԵϷ磬κβ档
⻹ǶʵԪˣ֮ҲԵʡ
ôһλ֮ľǿߣǲ׷ߵģƻ̫
䣡
Ӽңһ֣˾Ե·硣
ǲǲƽӣ
Ȼ뷨ֲǵԵĶԾ
Ϸ˾Ե·硣
·ɱ
̫࣬ߵѾתس
ⳡɱһֱҹɱŽ¡
ҵʮա
뱱ԭսʤնʮ򣬷²ʮֻʣʮߡ
һٽԪˣϢвԭ׷Ǩơ
ϢݣȻѾϰˣ˷ܡ
һս󣬱Ͼûȥ׷ܵˣֱӶ˿ڡ
Ҳû뿪ǼڰбΪˡ
սŶ֮ܣҲûܽնɱ
һڰз棬һ׷Ҫնɱ

ŴȫʤţҲһ·
ŮȹҽѾմţǽʤϵӶ˿ڡ
ҵʮա
˺ѾٳϰٵĶ㣬ϵС
͵徳ڵˣѾ֮ޣҲѾһٶ
ԴˣܻǴ⣬Թ̵ٶȲ⣬Ҳ⡣
̫ĻǲùģȻϾŵʮ򣬵Щ١
Щ˼ֱ˼ΣȻԱѪѹ
ʥּ´£ٶֱǿһ㣬˵ٶȸˡ
ա
˳ǲٶľ룬ʮӰ֮⣬װ죬ʱ뺷ˡ
ΪߣϢ׺䣬ǵյ档
俴Ŵ˳ǵķ򣬿˳ǿ飬ΨһĻˡ
ʮӰͷоɱͺ⣬Ϊǵļҡǵˣǻһ˵ϡ
ߡ

ڶգա
ǵУüͷȻһ壬˫УǱ䡣

ʡ

䣡

ͻȻ䣬˳ϿʮӰ٣Ϣ׺ɾһڶǿߡ
⡢ɱĴУʮӰֱӹʹ
ʱ˳ˡ
ڶԱ̧ͷд̿ͣ
ʮӰ̴ӸطʹȥGֵȵȡ
һ̣һը죬ǿƳ

ʮ㡢ŭʮĴһӰԴ˻ʹззֽۺɨ
䣡
ƥƱǿķڷֽۺɨ䡢ǧĻɽȻըѡ
ۣ
ʮӰʱɵȥһЩģֱӱˣƥǿƺɨ޵С
˲ס˼ˡ
һ̣һȭӰռʱ˿˿
ĳǶɫһһɿֲѹѾʩϣǱһɸɽ
ɫ˿壬Ǽᶨڣ
ڡ
ʮѪĴ˲䣬һĳǶᣬϢ˼֣зֽƺҲ౶
ɱ
ը죬ĳǶƺɸɽֽۺݺݴ̳ȭӰײһ
䣡
춯صײѪɫâһˮˣײ֮ռ䷢˿˿ظ
ĳǶӰ½ɣɫףǣȫȫһ
Ǿ춯صһ
һϢ˿׺ƺˣһأ̤ʬ塣
ӰϣɫЩ俴ĳǶһ˿˿ļɵ
úúãܽһȭһ⿴ٸǿߣûٷϻȥɱʡ
ǡʮӰЩɵĿһĳǶʹзȥ
ĳǶҪѾһȭѣֽ۴Ŵ֮ػ
䣡
ײͬʱʮӰӴ˳Ǹˣ׼ʮӰȴһ֡ȫ¡
׺Ϣ֮ϵӳɵʵĳǶµʮλɾǿߣǱһ¡
Ȼ·磬ҲΪʮ˶ǵһΡֻʮλڶΣûеΡĲεǿߣвԭ
ʵԳƵϺ£Ͼڴ˳УҲǱܵŴ֮ѹƵġ
ʱʮӰҲǵǰģʹоȻһǿҲûˣǵǵſڡ
ĳǶ˸ˣܽΣⶼǵʧְȥȴ¡
һ̣ʮӰ޾ĺ⡢ɱ߽ǵţգۡ
أ



60 ޵ơµһ
գۡ
أ
һʮײһлŹһ˲䣬ȥʮӰԸٶȵɶء
ǱϹ޺ݺײ˳û䵽أȫûϢ
·ʮ⡢Ʋ֪ڵϡ
ʱ˵Ŀʶɨ˹ȥɨʮʬʱɫһ
ȫ̼䱻һ飬ɾǿһ˲䱻
涼ͫһ
Ǵ˳ǿߣ
Щѵ˵ûʺǿ쵽֮
䣡
˲ö룬ĳǶһ֮󣬾;ȫΧɱ
Ҳ˲ٴɱˣŭ𣬾볷롣
ȻԤϣʲô˳ǿ飬ʮλɾʹʵҲеļ򵥡
Щ
УϢԽ塣
ȻһĮϵǵ
¡
򵥵֣ȴ·ɡ
ǿֻ΢΢һ㶣ȫʼ𹥻ǷΧ档
Ȼû֣һѰܻᣬһ⿴ǵжȻ䣬һԽԽصѹȸСΣУе˿˿ꡣ
ĿУǵǰһֻ˳
ȡ·̤ɽأޱ߽ӡ
ۣΰƺͻȻͳǵǰҲͻȻͳƬأγ˵ۿ
ȻڣоԼȻϿգǵӰڵϡ
ȴڱӡ
ԵȻȻȻ
μϣ
ģӰд
Ѿˣûôʱƴܡ
ǵӰһɲǣΣȻʮޱȵĸ
ӡ

ĳǶĿһȴû˸Ҷ
ִܲһӣ˲ֱӣĿܵӰǱ䣬һһֵá
һ˳Ͽε˺Ȼ޾ѹѹ档
ͬʱ˫һ

ƾը죬ɫϳӭǣգɴС
޾ɢų棬һʱ䣬ؼֻʣ
ӳǧɵֻо޾ΣоΪгûǿΣС
󾪣ûüõΣѾ·
ޱߵѹٶһ
ԥתȫӭ
Ҳʱд󺧡

䣡
ײɫĽ⣬ѾȫƬպ档
Ϣ󣬽ɢȥһƺѾ˵Ĳӿ·ˤ䡣
Ρ
ĮȻ˵һ䣬תǵȥƺֻ˼Сһ㡣
ּĳǶæӦ
ĿУܵӰʧˣһֵġӦ
λ֮ǿߣôˣ
ܵļûκη֮
һǿ𺳣ӿ񣬵ģֺһȻĸо
˸ˡ
ûжʮλɾǿ뿪˻ʹ
ֻһЩ»ԶԶûꡣ
Ϊʲô˻ʱɱôǿ߼ڣֻһĳǶ
Ϊʲôвֹˡмλˣϵһģ
Ϊʲôʮλ̿͵һʱҵǵ
УΪʲôЩĿ⡢ֱ˴˳ǣ
ȵ⣬һ𰸣¡ԶԶûꡣ

˵ĴɱͰϢܿʹ˴¡
Ͼǿһλ֮ǿߣ
۷塣
ױѹһ𶯡
һЩĵУܵʵӺܴܿﵽ֮һӱΪ֮е۷ǿߡ
µһ
˷׷Ĭƺš
ԼúܶˣԽʵˡ
µһʵµһȨԵʼһ˴ﵽ
һӰҲ޵еǿĹ鸽
ܸ֮ܵһЩ
ʱŴԽȶԼ˺ܶ壬֮˲١
ľңﵽɾų߶֮࣬ѹ׷ϵ档
һӣֽһ㣬ֻһЩܴﵽɡ
ԴʱϾźŵٶʱܿ졣
ʱĿȴ£شæϻ˴ˡ
ʳ˾Ҳȫת
΢ƺоһɱ֮ƽҪ١

ػܺ󣬱ֱϸ飬档
ʱܶƣ⣬ֻʣʶѵġ
Ҳ֣ġ
أȫгɡ
ûżز˹Ŀ
ǡһЦôһ˵
Ȼ˵ƽ
˶٣ЩǣͲ뱨
ֻǻݻѡʲôñģЦֱӳ˹룬û֪ˡ
Ǻǿɣزż˵һ䣬شͲ뿴ҴںģһдϢĻˡ


61 ضǿߵľ⡢֣
ɫ䣬ͫȴ΢΢һ˿˿Ķ
ϱԭһЩɱܣΪ˴ңٹǡ
ûǿҲߴ뷨һжҪΡ
Ĭһ£ãֻҪǻʵ۱֤ǣҾͰһж˵
ƽɫˣЩͲм
㻹Ϊּۻ۵ʸ𣿡
ɫһ䣬ŭǾһ᲻˵
áǹһĨЦȤҲ뿴ֵܼܲס
ɫӲǷŭû뵽ԼȻб̿һ죡
̫ˣܴ衣
Ȼʾŭأʲô¶ʹɡ
㲻Ϊһ̿ɣȻһЩӵ
΢㶣һ˵ȴ˿
ںЩʹ࣬ںӡ
ҡҡͷ֣صģҲ̿ģ̫ˣϾ֮ǿߣҶǿЩģôУ
˶٣滹ǲ˵ЦЦ֣µһ·ǹ⣬ӵϡ
䣡
͵嶼Ӳˣأҧгݵ㡢ң
ûԷķŭµļ˳㽫ݶд£
ƺԼķվ˼ߵԵڽˣݡʷ겻ࡣ
ŭˣŭ£һ뵽Ǹ棬̲ס
Ҫ޲ȥȻ
ŭ˵ͬʱҲˡ
ǾͿ˭ˡز鱨ô꣬ʲôڰû
ȻǵһΣ䲻ڡ
˶㣬ǿҲͬˣʲôߴϵԭһӾԽƵ·
㲻ңҪǸңǿ߽ԻΪСǿ侲
ǡزмһЦƺʲôͿҸҲˡ
˵꣬Ҳٶ˵ʲôȥͬʱĵúõȴţȥһ£ͱһҶľ⡣
ɫĻˣǸ桪
ֻ룬ֹסĿ־塣
֮۷壬ʵĻƿߣ
ؽҪ߳ηʱ̲סҧˣӮˡ
һЦ⣬Ҫǲ˵
СڵߵԱ£˿壬Σ
˻ϣ˭ܰô˭Ұô

ʱ󣬵ص˵Įɫƽ޲ֻһ֣顣
ּ
Ǽ죬ٴζԵܻ㱨Щ湴ѾˣûʵԵ֤ݡ
ΪϵˣѾˡ
Ե˵Ȼ⣬֤ݲҪҪˡ
ʥּ֮£˳ĳǶԴϻʳ˾
˳һŵĸۡУϷ˶֣֣
ۡУûиûʣһֺгһ̵ֳĺг
ĵĴ˳Уûм˻ԭܼ򵥣֣ϡ
Ҵ֮һ֣ҡ
Ȼ֣Ѿûйְ֣ڶ࣬ĪӰ
ϲñţһӴڣ֣Ƹ
ʱۡУ֣ľôοԼġ
µģԱѾȫڣҲ֤ݵġ
еĲǲӿûץ֮󣬾һֱˡ
ȻȷʵҲ֪ݣеġ
ͬʱŵڣʵû˼ֻǡ֣֪ЩɱܣԾͰһЩæ
һ̽һɲĻϣҲ̲סЩ鷳
ѹ룬һ̣һ˽үĳǶˡ
֣һĶʱ˹ȵס

°ա
ĳǶ֣ץ˼ˡ
ǿ֮һ֣ң
Ȼʱ٣ϵѧáټһЩǸȻ
ôֱڴ˳ǵļ֣ˣ
ҪǣɶûУֱˡ
Ŀɿڴǣ´˳֣˵ĵ죬ǻ취֣ʱһϢסǡ
λ֣һˣȫŴ¡
˷ֱɱ
ʥּ£ɳˣ֣ҹɱϣȫҡ
ʮգŮͷ­£ݴ½
֮һ֣ˣ
ôֱ壬ȻܻЩ࣬Ҳ㲻ʲô
֣ˡ
ôˡ
һ죬ҳĬ˳Ĭ
鷢չ̫죬Ĳ˼顣
·ǲɱһӵĪӰ֣ңɱͷڡ
ݲ⣬ݵĮʵʹ˺ܶ˵ģҲ˺ܶ˵Ľ
ƺǲôҪġ
󡭡
һЩҸԡ˵龰ȫûС
ԭ֣ҵ׷ϱģһĿģƲԼ֣ҵĹϵ
֣йϵģҲæƲ׷ʹ֣ɥĲ񣬾Ȼҹ˴ɱϣ
߲ʵ顣
ظʹܣɱۼ֮⣬ҫһʱ֣Ҿôûˡ
ûķƵûϢ


62 ˭췴
ҸʵˣĬĬģҲһЩ֣µ
֣ƺҪô׵ķȥ
֮Щ죬úܶ˲졣
Ḯ
һȫԲЩĿص磬⡢ôȥˣ
صһӣҪȻΪأ
¡ԼķЩӡЩмЦˣûãΪǻֳһЩأ
΢΢һЦƺҲЩм漴ĿⲻԾһۻʹһĨɵЩζûáû¡˭ֲأ
¡΢΢һ֪ΪΣһ򽾰˫Уһ˿˿į;
ЩСĵ˵硢˼ǡ
Ŀ¡ȤصΪΪЩһᷴ
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ƺǹȤûȰ¡ھͼǰݶңٳңĲȣߡ췴߱ȱȽǡ
ڣѶĹ鸽˭췴˭췴
𣿡
¡ҡŷͷȻᡢҡ
ʥȥ췴߷ϣͬ𣿡Įƺ˼ʲô
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¡Լһ羴Ĵ棬ϸϸ˼Ȼ˾£һжƺõķ淢չ
佫ҪĲܷԼܡ
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Ŀ΢΢𣬴˿˿ӵܷţһչб
㡢ңˡ
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һЩӵģǾͣǺǣͨͨǷϻ
һҴҪĶ壬ǿ˲ҷ
Σ⻹ûٳˣûϿ£ֻξã

Ǹ𣿡ؿۻʹЦ
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ʲôͷϵǣ֮˽ֻ֪Ҫвšݣߟ⡢ȱĸǣ
ûɱ
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ҺңҪһѹĶ󣬸οĴѹ𣿡˵д˿˿ĸǶ԰¡˵ģǶԼ˵ġ
˵Լ
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һЩֵĿأƺЩԥ
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ǡ¡Ӧ
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ϾѾӶ߲ᣬһˡ
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ͬʱܺԱæµĻһ£ǡ
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ʮһյļӣʱȷǹǿϴӷšţн֣ҵĲƸԼӶĴƸ
ǽǣǴ˺ӵ޽ͲΧѾʼʵʩѧãʱܳܵ
ͬʱһ죬ԴԴӵĴ֮þﵽɡ
·𾭹һСɱ䣬ǿ˲١
ﵽеĵɵڰ˲Ρ
ʱһȥʮһա
һʱ䣬Ӷ˿ڣѾﵽһǧİ
ԼİŮԼԼԼ
Ѿٶ
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ŵĽ½ش˳ǣ֡
ΪǴŴĳߵλŴԼҫ
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ǵ
Ϧ֮ҹٴǵϻ壬ٴκܿͶϯȥ



63 ²߰ɣ
ҲٴΪϯȥϯ
һ˵ĴܰĴǰ֣γĶԱȡ
ֺţôǵС
һᣬȻ᷽˿˿
ת죬ǡƴһ洵һ߽
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ƱУһƽů˲Ծ˳
ƺѾһֵ
ŵǵУʧˡ
·𶼳֮С
еıͣҲھš
һ̣ϵ䵭ϢȻʧһЩ·𡢷·ôһº͡
ֻһĻûһܿˡ
ʧֻ·ִһеٴζƺԶᾡ
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Ϊ˵Ĵ˿˿Ļ
£ճϦٲЩɡߵϣжһ
šӦһ䣬ȴûͣ¶
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һ֮ٴζλɡ
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ĸǶѾȥˣճϦ²ǽüΣŮֱ΢Цƺʼմڵ˿˿䵭ûиܵ
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64 Ĵ
󣬾һûһЦУһߵ˳ų¥ϡ
ֵܿܶĵط
ƻͨˮֻȡ
ǴʢӰҲǷֵĴ
ǽϵšտγ˼ΪԵĶԱȡ
Ůһָ˽ȻǿΪˡ
ڳͷԿ˫еӳЩƻͨƺȼ˿˿Ļ档
ȡ侲Ե
⡢Ľɽ
Ȼһ˽ļŮܵʲôĿⲻǵӰ
ƺƺǵһ°ΰӰַƻͨںһôĺгȻ
ΰӰ˲䣬أִǬ
һ˫˫У˿˿ĳԡ
˵ֻ㡣
ж˭ǰ˸㣿

Ϧҹúܿ죬µһ꿪ʼˡ
ŮҲԳһж糣Ľš
ҵһ¶ʮա
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ܵϢЩ
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ӸǲңΪһ޴۵㡢еİѱʱһҪǵ
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ĳ־ȵȱһɡ
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65 Ϊ˭
Ůȥķ򣬵Ϣ¹ƽ
ֻ˫УȤ֮ת
Ϣ󣬷ȫָԭ״˵һ䣺ߡɱ

ޱ飬һ·ԼˣΪĿűģ֪ʲô𣿡
ܵľһŷԷղΪǶԼá
΢΢ͷס
㻹ǳһ䣬˿飬Ϊ˭ڸ󳼣飿
죬˵ʲôͱ˼ǳ⣺λıֻǱµӣӸʲô㲻֪
ֶ㲻֪𣿡
ƺԽ˵Խ߶ЩԱ˽ܲܣŵ¸֮ʿܣķҲܡ
һССŮӣʲô֣
Ϊ˲
Ҹ㣬Ǵɼ
ĺȻһίίУЩˣ˹ģá
㣬ֻǿȥˡ̲סС˵һ䡣
ȥȥΣɫ˿תµİ¶㲻ѵЩ㿴ȥͿȥˣ
ж˿ȥмȥܣ
֪֪Щ˵Щкܶ˿ΪαΪװǻơ
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ĬЩɫһЩ֪ΪΪ֮ȡ壬˾壬Ҳá
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ҵ꣬ѾٴΧʮС֡姶ռڡȵȵȵȡ
Ӷ˿ڣȴҲԽԽ٣ΪĹҼѾԶǨ
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66 ɡ
ʱ䣬˳Ǻܶطѡ
ʱ꣬λٴ˶һЩǿߵĿ׷˹ȥ
ֻ˵Խƺ˷ܡԽ˷ܡ
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Ԭ⼸ҲоһЩƺ͹ںϵķš
ںϣ̶ʱУȴò
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顣æ˵ɫҲǰδеء
ǡ³ĸ֣ЩĪζϸ˵
ǡԬһӦҲ˲ʲôˣֱӳʷмؼ٣һЩϵĴڻһЩؼ⣬ǧʳûС
ҵؼأǹΣһϹܳǰܽǰһǿĻʳΪǶҲˣܷųû
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ǵʲôΪûмأ



67 ħʮǿ
һȺħԬüͷţ˿еħţħ
ǿ쳣Ҫ䣬С
ϹǸʳӰټҺʼʣǶԿǶ
ϣʧǵʱսʱڸĻ֣̿ӰǵͳΣء
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Ԭһأһȷ
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ȻʱҲûȥЩоǶԳǵľҡ
ֻ֪ģ֪ԷĿֲ
ϹǸʳǿ˵ǰӰټңӹԻͣ
ȴԿЩħȫ
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ηӣ
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ҲǴ˳Ӱ֮һ
δȫ£ܵȾߵǵ⣬Ŀ⿴˴˳Ǳ⡣
ǣѾֻЩʵ𣿡һЦĳǶǰԶӰǡ



68 μ
ǱϿ볣죬һϢȫͬڳˡ
ĿɨӼ䣬ҪĳǶ
ԼͬģĿһ˿ɡ
ĳǶɫŭܿóԷԴӵ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭΪȻ⼸٣һΣûͻƵ֮
֮ƣҲΪ˴֮
ҪŭȻмһ̧֣¶ЦΪϵǿɲܵġ
ʱĳǶһ˳Ǻܶ˷׷ˡ
ϡıǵǰԬٵ
ϣݼأǰγһ٣ֱҪ塣
Ӧ֮ơؽӵ
û˵ʲôⲻɨԶ
ˣ̸еģʳɡ˼˵ǵĿ˻ʹ
Ȼ֮ǰѾ˺ܶ顣
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ҪǵʱһĮϵϤǶ𣺡ɱ
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У̽ۺȻ˴ȥѪɷ桢ǵذӿˡ
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׺ĹƣǿٵĽԷѹ·硣
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졢һƿաħڡ
ľ춯ء
һЩನĴ䣬Ѿ֮ס˳ǣ˳ǵȫ֮룬󱻴һĸֵס
ֻǶ̶ʮʱ䣬һˣͶռϷ硣
ĳǶвЩɻδ⡢Щˡ
ܸоԷﵽ֮ǿߣҲںشﵽΡ
ǱڡȴЩˣš
ǵǰٴҲˡ
˫˼
λħȷǱʹﵽ˵ɵΡ
ȻǵĹĻҪã벻Ρ
ǣһܵ˴˵һЩѹơ
ƺΪǵĽ٣ǿˣǽ֮Ҳˡ
λħûӦأûûӦŨȵȵȶûӦš
ԣһô׾ռϷ硣
ϣûδȫںǵأЩħ᲻Ӧ
ݵСһЩǳѨʵȴҪǿ١Ԭ
˰ͷǾѾֶ£ڳδȫںϽǰ͹ȥֻҪںϾˡ
ǰμصİ취
ҲΪʲôؿڶԷ̸֮Ƶԭ
ȻǰεʧܣԷѧˣ̸ʱ䣬óȫںء
ţǳᱻ塣
ࡣ

ϵĺУʱһģĳǶ˸͵Ĺ
ûжãԷ˴ˡ
Ȼ飬ռݵԽԽ
Ȼ
䣡
رɫһɲԶϮգ۾Ҫٵ˳ǣһɴֲ˲С
ĳǶжǲһ٣ͷѹޱȣΪ
ǱѹƵǴϲ
תۣһյħ֣ĳǶӿȥ
ϸо˼Σգæȥͬʱħȥ
ҫ۵ĹâԱɽϺӵһûħУգ۾ţ뺣ʧ
һ£ɫ䡣
μ󡣡ǹ񡢹ǳ
ħ˿ͣĳǶӿȥٴȴûʲôá
ߡ
Ȼһƺ٣ȴֺ쳣֮һУħһ¡
һ̣ĿУǵǰһȭ
ը죬ǰվԲħӿƺоʲôƸȣһ̣˾κˣһ˻ȥ
޾ħɶأɢС룬ոյӰ±ɫռݡ
˭
ħУһ𣬴Ŵľ
ûж˵ʲô˼̧ȭ
ߡ
ħͬˡҪ򶫱ȥ
ˡô𣿡
ɫĮ䣬һ̤˳ϿգΰӰ̼䡢ƺء
һȭ

ʵʰĽɫڿգͻأٶȿ쵽˼㣬ħȥ
ħо˼ΣոУһ֮ٶȼ
Ϣ󣬻ǱҧһƬʣµһڡٶֿߡ
վû׷Ҳ׷ϡ
ת䣬ͬʱѾƵӰ
еˡ



69 ɡ
ֽӸĳǶѹĿĿŶ
ɣ
λ󡯵ΪȻﵽֻ֮ΪӦⷽأܷӳʵ
Ҳﵽ˳ɵڰ˲Ρ
Ԭǵ˵еħһһһ󣬹ͬͳȺħ
ȻǸҲӦôﵽ֮ˡ
в΢Ǹȴûκζҡ
תݡȡηĿУصǵǰ
ڶ󳼣ǴʱĿ⣬ҲΪηһ˿˿ĳݡ
˶ˡ
Ϊ֪ĸ࣬ǲŻˡ
ħǶѾ֪˭ϹǸʳͰټӵ
ʵ죬ס
ڸոգԼһһȭˡֻӴܡ
ǲģǴ󶨡
һӮ
ϣ̷Ǵ˴ǰ̸Уʱ䡣
ħ棬ҲӦ̽ҴʵĻǶᵨӣֱںϺ󡢷ṥҴ壬ʱǵĺʱصǵУصһվ
顣
ڶ󳼷׷
ܸոһȭ֮ʵǸǺܴģʵˣǱҪץʱ䣬ڳǺںǰںϡ
ħ˻Ӧⷽأսúʡ
һĬ˫ƺ˼ʲôû֪ʲôҲû˸ʡ
ΣܳĬּܻȱٲպħ塣
ּܶսӦ
û˷ԣܲԳûܷŵġ
ʥּһ£׼Ĵ˳ǣ̶
Ҳڰ֮¡

ԭ߾ĵ̡
ʱѾһƬ澰ں֮ɫ֯һƬأħεʱι״ĹӰƬػء
͸Ǻں֮ɫԼԼ·ܿһ磬Ӱ档
ʱȥǺں֮ɫУںɫԼΪٶʧţںϽɫС
ںϣǸ磬ҲԽ
еĳǡ
׼ȷ˵һ磬һںϽص硣
һɫװɫ԰׵ŮһŰɫϣЩɵͼΪĲԷӦûͻƵ֮ʵ֮ǿҾܷӳȫҲ֡
һԣһŰɫһλӣϢȴû˳֪
ŮӵĻüͷ壺䲻Ҳܵǿߡ
£Ů˫һĨ
˶٣ѾʧܹˣһΡһʧܣ֧Ų˶ˡ
ٵȵȣȵںϳɹ֡
¶ԷᡣŮЩǵ
üͷŵ̫ģҲûôס
ⷽѾϵںٶȻܿ죬ֻҪʱ䣬;ԿԳɹ
Ůӵ˵ͷ㰲ںϣҲԷ
סҪ⣬ΪʧΣβʧˡص
ģҪǻ⣬ҲͲȥ̸ˡ˵ţŮһĨơ
ǲˣ̸УһЩʱ䣬ʹһʼͨ鱨֪ⷽʱǿߣûǰεĶࡣ
ǽˣɽȴһλ벻еǿߡ

ݴأʥּ´׼жչʱ䵽ʱʮӴ˳ǳ򶫱ȥ
Ѿ֧ǡ
ʮ죬뱱ŻϣһʮƺƵ߾
ʮ죬ԭ߾ؽ磬ҲԶԶɫʰ쵵ľ
ʱǷ翴ĸˣƺҪأ͸ЩɫʡȫԽС
ְоǰɫʽʱѾһٶӰ
ι״ĹΪΣƺθǿλߡ
Ϊ׵ģһλɫʢװŮӡ
ϣӦþħˣħӦںǵ硣
ħʵȴȼص١ԬڵԱ߹˵
ӦʧδָǻþãƺһԣسĿƺЩĪζ
Աһ
δָܻҲ򵥰ĿɨʮλӰ
ǶǲӰ
Ҫǻ⣬֪ô
λֲħ󣬸ĸо컹Ҫǿ
һɫʰ쵴не
ڡһʳȵĴӦ
ָɱħ塣
ּӦ
ʵ棿Ȼħ󿪿ˣ鷽Բǧɫȫûпս˼
ϣеȫžٶĿ˴ŶԷֻɱڡ
УﵭĮ³һ֣һһеϸС
ħѹеĲ޺ɱ⡢αƴ
ħⷽ磬ǿҲ洦ֶΪ
ħ巢ģؽ硣
ڴ󽫺ǿߺģŵĳջͻѻҲ˵
ֱǰŪˡ
˵ԷأӦǻǿҲкô
Ϊʲôǰεû
һǶԷ̫ǿƣһҪɱ塣
Էʵ̫ǿ̸ף
壬岻ɵ
Ѿ˵ʲôĿ⿴һȻ


70 ߹
һȣɱ֮ʱ졣
սôֽ꣬ĴѾη塣
ʹǰǺܶι״ĹҲûʲôúµġ
١ɣȱħ

޳ɡκͨȴħҾ

׼ʱս
䣡
£𣬰ʮˣʮȳ棬޵֮أʮ򲽾ٶҲϡ
ɱ
ٺһһңԼʮ֮Ϊͷʮ·κһ㣬գ۾Ծһһɾ롣
ħɫ䣬ɶ񣬾Ȼ
ɱ
£һٶħҲˡ
Ȼûǰ㼯֮ȴǿöࡣ
ʮ١˾͵ħײһ
гǹһɨȵǰϰħʱ
һΪĵħгһȱڡ
С
˳䵱ǹͷֻǰ壬Ѿɵ۷ǣϼ֮Ȼ˳ɵεһʱƲɵ
ʹħǿߣҲûܵסǡ
ʮǲǿ˳ų棬Ҳ˿壬ɱ¾ߵħ塣
ȻҲڱɱ¾š
ħǿ߷ɵ˸߿У俴ţʱûг֣˵׳֡
ʮɱֻҲѾħײˡ
˲֮࣬ĳɱħ壬ȻµĽʿҲϱħնɱ
Ѫȵɱ춯أÿһУв֪Ӱħ塢Ҳ塣
пᡢѪȡ䡢ȣȵϢڣһս
ʱˣ·ٴ棬ӭһЩ崩ħ塣
Уħɫ䡣
ǲʧȥһüħ˵
˵ͷֻôЩĵȴĲ
ħɵĿһǰħʮӰϰɡ
ǡЩӦӰǽħͳ֮и߲
һǵеɵεεʵ
ϣҲʮӰЩӰӭȥ
Щ˴죬ɮеסŮϣԴ彭͸ҵ
ŵԬ硢桢ֵȾŵӰ
Ĵʥɮ˿աۡ
ȵȣءضС
Ҳǵеĵɵεεʵ
һʮӰڿнսһеһԶеһ
һʼӰˣŸǿĶ֣Ҳȶ
Ŀ⿴ħһۣδսԷʧȷǺܴ
ԷߣҲֻʮλﵽɵεħ塣
ȻҲȷǿҪĴڣħ޵еʵǵסġ
ͬʱҲӦˣԷ磬ѾŲ˶ʱ䣬ھһٶħ塣
ԷȻͨħӦһǿߵĴڡ
ϺϵĴսָսʮ֧ԸЧķɱħ塣
Ȼ˭ռϷ磬ǾЩпĻĵ
ϣħǿһЩģվûȫӦء
Ȼ￿Ҳǵ磬ȵ˳ǵħ˺ò٣׻ǲܷӳȫʵ
˫Ҳʹ˸ƾС
ħսɫЩǣܵ˳ǣʵۣǾɱ˶Է
ǡʮλħǿ߳Ӧ
漴ħǰһŵܺȵϴʤ֮䣬
Ŀ⵭ȥҲûԥһ߿գĮϵ𣺡ɡ
ħ̻Ϊһڹ˸߿ա
˫һһɫǹ̵ֱܡ
һȭ̧𣬺ɫǹֱӱ飬һȭħ
ƥƾȫĸо
ʶܵѹֳ嶯
ħɫΪأֻ޴Ĺǳᣬٶȸ˼֣־ǿұ죬һӴִĺɫǹӭȥ
䣡
ը죬ƬƬ飬޳֣ܺħʹ֮УϽ֡
˿ȥǴһ硣
ڣľսҪ֪֮ǣҲܳһЩգ㡢붼롣
У˾ͶԱ˴ʵ˸š
ħд󶨣Щ߹Էˡ
ҲǣڶԷܵԷ֮ѹƣӦⷽأʵֻܷ߳ҡ
ڣ࣬ԷҲûд֮ѹԼȻûձֵǿ
Ŷԣôܳôǿˣ
ȻҲܲ˼飬Щѹƴʱ˿塣
ĿⲨɵڰ˲νӽ۷壬
ɱ棬ħʮλǿҲˣħ졣
ǵĳ֣ɮ財ɡϼ֮ĳǶȱҲˣӲסԷʮˡ
ĺը죬ǽԶսһסˡ
ĳǶȱסˡ
໥Ӧסˡ



71 ϱǿɱ
䣡
ײ飬ħ죬ơݺᡣ
ĳǶռݵԷԲܷӳȫʵ
ħʮǿռƣ֮һǿ
ûãĳǶ˾·硣
ĳǶ˻ãһжҲô򵥵ġ
Ĵսݺ᷽Բɱײ·ը졣
ޱߵɱۣǰ쵵ɫʶ΢΢Ťš
Уܲĸħ֣Ȼ̧һָһһ
ħŭæȥȴܼʱ
ѾٻƳգΧɵ֮һ
˴󾪣æ֣һ³һѪ嵹ɡ
ɵ˶һһϲħһȴСĽֶ࣬Ҿȫ
ȻϷǵ󡢲ȫסǴʵۡ
ĳǶȴǳָͣлվʲôµģ
һʱ䣬·𽥰˲١
䣡
Ĵս˿ûͣٵ˼޾ɱ¾ȥһһ
һһҹⳡսʱ
˫ȥ
ʣϷĻ㱨
սʮ֧Уûд󰭣ٶЩˣʿʮʧء
˲սҲӽʮ
ֻһս㼸֧ŵ
ԬصʮУҲˡ
ĳǶ˵û˴󰭣ҲλЩˣȱľŽʿĲСҪϢ
ȻħһҲòȥ
һٶħʮʮλǿˡˡ
ʮ൱֮ħǿߣҲλ˲ƣӲӵһλ
ħûʲôʧֻǱѹһһҹŭС
һᣬѾּѾ׼õһŵʧ
£ܱ˫ۿʼϢڿٵıǿ
Ϊ֮˲١
Դӳǽ֮󣬼ÿʱỵ֮̈ӣҲ˵ʱһֱڱǿ
ʱܿѾɺңﵽ˴ʱңٶȼ졣

ħӪأħ˲ǵ磬ΪֱӴȥƻںϡ
󣬴˴ʧأٴ򼸴ΣͨħҪˡһħǿ̾Ϣ
ߡһ˫ЩǣǼᶨϺܿܳɹӼ¾ˡ
˵ţǸˣɶ
ðģôôǿ
Ҫôܻ
УȻֻǱѹ·磬Էκβ֪ΪΣܸоЩԡ
ֲ֪ﲻԡ
ѹָоֻҪϵϳɹǾһ壬ȥ׼ɣֹ͵Ϯ
ǡħǿӦ

ʮħսһһսûеһμң˫ҲʧС
ʮһȫޣħȻһս
ڶʮһա
ڴԵӪ߳ɫжŻٵľɲ⡣
ֻˣĿд𾪡˿˿
ϵҰġ̫ˣ
֪ΪΣͷһɹ̡
ڶʮա
ڣһս֮ơ
ħԴΪء
սʼɱħţĴսɡ
սУĹͣġȴעˣûеһǰ㺷ηĴ򷨡
һһҹĴսûнֻص
һٴʮħһҲࡣ
ʮʱ
ҵʮա
ʱԽŨһͻƵԽԽࡣ
ħ˵Ĵδս
ǰûн˲١
£˫½ĴδսһΡ
ʱһʮĴ
ѾŨһزѶҲ½˲١
岻ٸ߲㶼ˣӵڶν뵽ΣӵνĲΣӵĽ뵽塣
֮ҲȴûܴﵽΪڵѶȡȻ˲١
Ԭ硢ءȱˣҲǰһ󲽡
ĳǶءһԱʮСԪ죬ǽ졣
ΪǵܸǵĹػˣΪۺ񡢹Ӹ߶˵ǣٶȾˡ
ĳǶѾﵽε۷壬ò˶ãƾʵ뵽Ρ
Ҳ뵽˵ΣԪԭͻƵɾ粻ãѾǵڶи߶ˡ
ƿص֮ʵҲǿһЩ
ҲΪһʵǿ˲٣Դһʮ
ħһٶѾֻʣʮˡ
ʮλħҲֻжʮλʮλ൱֮ħǿߣûģսȱˡҲռϷ硣
һδսռ˺ܴϷ磬һٽħɱĳȴûһϾɱ
ȻҲΪħʱ̵ıȷһˡ
ЩԼΪġ
ħӪ
ħɫЩ㲣ȻмΪǲ
·ħǿҲˣμʱǻ뵽һ죿
뵱꣬ǵغ⣬ǡ磬׼ʱЩ岻Ҫֹˡ
ɱǺܶǿߣʱħͺǿߣʮλģֻʣʮλ
ڶεȴᣬò˻ή٣ȴֱֹˡ
ʧӲأħֻʣһˣͺǿߣҲֻʣʮλ
ǵ⣬ٹǿߣҲ



72 ޡʹ
ˣֻܱǸӲд
ǵ꣬Ϊûл֮ʱٴνˡ
űʤľģǽʧε磬ȻţҲ˲١
һΣһжƲһˡ
ǰȻʧˣʼգռݾƵһ
ǱƵĶԷƴǺպĴħ
ԷԸʮԼһһ
ڡ
һ̶ԷʵԸ龰Īĸоһί
ôˣ
úõģôˣ
ôܣ
һĪľͷת˹
Էƺ˴ħǡ
һˣ˵ıߡͰŭĳ嶯
ˡһЩӣħֻоͷۣǿܾϺܿܳɹʱһʤټһЩʱվˡ
Ļ˵֮ǲ̫ǵġ
ǡħǿӦǣ룬û֪ˡ

ҵʮա
ԬվӪڣԶԽԽϸİɫʡ
УһƺϾͻ
ʮˣָһԬ̾
Աߣͬ˵ͷͬ˻
ʮգǷͽȫأΪɸһӡ
ǰӢֹ£ôǷִٳˡ
һ뵽Ԭ˾ָӵĸо
뵱ǽ֮ʱǺεȾţ
ڡ
ĿЩӣЩǣλħ֮
һǵֻӰǵԣ̵ֹĸоһȻ
ءĲһˣ
߰ɣһпˣԬȻ˵һ䡣

ҵʮʮգʱѾúܲһˡ
Ũһܶ˲ĵزѶͬˣͻơ
ԭ߾ĵؽ磬ȻѾһƬǽ壬һӰȴռգˡ
ͬʱߣغ񡢸󣬿ռӼ̡
һУһʢչ
ԴˣһĦȭƣ͵һʱ̡
ħ壬ǴϾҪɹϲãЩɲ
ħ󣬶һֲ¡
Է񡢺⡢ں硣
ʶͷʱǶо˿˿
ʵˡ
һ棬ѾûлˣҲҧӲš
ţҲֻţֻҪħ֮ڳһԴǸʣȻӮ硣
ҵʮ¶ʮա
䣡
Ȼ翪ʼؼеһжɢһֻϢ
ͬʱڷڣмǣ´ƺ䣬Խء
УǺﳤյӰʧˣǰħӪеĻҲˣһںɫɽƾճ֣Ǹġ
еħ岻֮ǰ룬ڶʼ˷쳹ء
ʮĿܶһճɹˡ
ħڳɹˣⷽǵˡ
ĻУǺںɽߴһĴЦ춯ء
ʮħ延ˣ˿˿ίǵڳˣ
ҪҪɱ塣
һ̣һɫ׵ΰ֮˴ɽз𣬼ΪǿַԲǧ£һжڲ
һ۲ħ壬һѾ׼õŭ緢填
ϣɱǡħ̲סһűߵĻڣɱݡ
ԣڶħҲˣʱǿ
ʱԼҵе̱Ҫɱɱ塣
һ˫˫ħ֮ɱŨ˼㣬˫۵Ӫءƣ塢Ǹ
䣡
Ƹǿ˼֣ضڶҡš
ħиˣӪɱ졣
䣡
ȻһĿУһֻ޴ƺȻħ֮Ͽգȴ·Я޵дѹ
ħ֮ʱɫһ䣬æ֣˫ȭϴȥ
أ
·ը죬ڷžޱؼ䣬ײǹһС
ħŴͣɴ۾ǲ˼顣
Ϊǵһϣֻȥ
һ򣬺ݺɽɽ塣
һ̣һʲô
ɱ
漴һİװϵ𣬷ء
ɱ
Ӧģ·ѪȾĴ˷ܡ羴ȵһɽֲޱȡ
һĴӪƥħɱȥ
Щħ巴Ӧˣħѹҧȵɱ
ûκ·о¾ήңѪǹӱŰȴҲ
ɱ
ħ˫Ѫ죬Ŀɱ
ʮһٶ򣬸ʮλʮλʮλ൱֮ħȱˡ
һ⣬˾Ե·硣
ħǵΰӰֲĺ⡢ߣҧгݣһֱƭң
˫ɵ䣬һû
ħĻŲһԶޡʹǡ
ϤܵڴˣִᷢʱõģҪȻ˵ֻ
ħŭĴУˣԸղŶԷֳʵԷһֱˣ
ΪġҲʱ䣬ħ˳˳߾ȫʹںϡ
ɶ񡢸
Ҫɱ㡣һŭȣħ˵ܡ
̧һȭ
䣡



73 ܵͨ
ײը죬ħʱӰɣſһѪ³ɫɪ
ȻղһĻܽܣԿ¡ֻѹˣǿ
ԷľһֱϷˣ
ֶܸħӦⷽءܷӳȫҲɾʵ
ԼҲ൱гɵھŲβ
Ǹħ֮ǿһЩҲǿ˶٣൱еɵھŲи߶ҡ
ӦöɵһΡ
ڴʱھѾﵽɾңҴﵽɾңһܴķԾ
ǶԷںأĺô
ǿռⷽĵĴô֮ӡ
Ǹոȫɹǿֻ࣬ûüˡ
ҲϷµԭ򣬾ΪöԷںϽء
Էûʧ˴Ѿﵽһ۷壬Ӧ൱ڵɵھŲ۷塣
Ҫͬ൱ڵھŲΣ˫ȴҲǷǳġ
۷壬ܸоһޡ
һƽħ֮ȥһȭħ

һŭɽǸӶһӰðź׷
ɱŭǿһĻɽ
ħ֮ŵܣ˫һƬѪ죬յռȫҪǻмǣֲĳ嶯
Ҫ
Ҫ
һħ֮ǳܡ
Զħͬһ
̧֡ȭ

УޱһȭƥɫâˣݻһС
ħ֮ħ֣֮ͬһɫǹһֻȭӭȥ
䣡
ռ羵Ƭһ㡢Ƭ飬ⷽضڲ
ħ֮ӰһЩסɫ壬ٴܳ
ɫ䣬һȭ֣ħ󲻶Ϻˡ
ȴҲӲסȫһȭ
˵ֻаɾųңֻûдﵽеĵɵھŲΡ
ħ󣬵еھŲεġ
Ӳֻһһڶ˵һ𣬿һһСڶҲܴڶ
ͬͬԴһ𡢻һϣǣֱﵽеĵɵھŲ۷塣
ﵽĵɾļ
ȫ泬ǰλɣܴﵽɵڶΡ
ԣֱӽѹ·硣
䣡
ը죬ħˣ·֮ԽԽأԷֵԽԽǿ
ħ֮˲ԽԽ٣ٶԽԽ죬ͬʱһЩĿҲǽ⴦ս
һħһۣѹ˷ŭգԿܡ
ʮϢ󣬵΢΢üּ˼ֻɬЧҲС˲٣ѹƲסԷ
Ϊ˸Ϊ˲йֶΡֶΡץסʱֵȵȷ棬ǿܶࡣ
΢һü֪⻹ս̫١ԭ
ֻһУҲֻͨһУѹˡ
ԴͻˣҪǿƣҲս顢ơ
ԷԽӲƾԽԽ
ѹˣͲ˵ˡ
侲ǻ˲֪ľ鷢ӳϣӲЩѹˡ
ԳʱİաѰ󡢶ԶԷѰҵȵȣȱٵս顣
˵ˣȱٵĲͨȱֶΡ
սеľ飬öӳЧȵȡ
һЩͨˣȴսһܾˡ
ԴĻͻҲʺͨȴսȫӳѹءǿѹһе
ģ·ˣħ֮ԽԽ࣬һʤ
ţ־Ӹ߰
ͬʱǷŭħ֮˵עǸǿϣͶ־
ЧϱħԼϺֲħǿ˲١
У˲ͷܳĸоΪ
һߣ϶Ȼһʵʰѹȴͬʱơ
ħ֮󾪣ָоǲİ
֮ѹơ
ⲻڰ
ֹǣħ˶ܵѹơ
˶⾪ȣɲڴ塣
ûиǾȵʱ䣬һȭ䡣
ħ֮ȴѹ˲֪٣ǰ·ɽĸожеѡ
һȭ֮£Уħ֮˰ˣϢȡ
·ٴγ֣Խԣոջϣ
ħҲˣȻƴ
и̾ϵֶ̫ɲˣ
漴˼֡
һȭһȭ޵֮ٴοʼ֣Խԡ
ս鲻㣬ټҲˣԷǿ
㹻ǰսҲͲʲôˡ
ͬˣ֮Ѿľ˵ֻҪڣ֮ѹƾڣڹ
ܵ˵֮ѹ棬һϣΪѹˣͨơ
Ҫǿ
֮ĹЧֱѹһеˡ
ѹƶֵʵ
һһԵˡ


74 ع顢
⡢Ǵʱǿ
Ч
ٴǿ֮ʱԷֶܶζʧЧˣ·磬ҲԽǿ
һĻʹħǼͱŰӣǷ
һһСʱҵĴսħ֮ȺɥȭʱĻ
˽ɫ˷ܣڽˣ
ˣлãħΪǿһϣܡ
ҵʮ¶ʮա
ħݣ߾ݻ졣
ǵħ֮´󣬸ǽܵƵһµĸ߶ȡ
ΰһֱؼ䡢أӲ
ҵĳϦǸ彫ʿһȹģûмŷش˳ǡ
ҵһʮգشˣٳӭӡ
һļҰħ֮¡شš
ܳ˴ҲںϺǹǿ֮
ʱصĴѾֹضʿɶҲ˺ܶࡣ
ͬӣѶԶҲڼͻơ
ΪռĵĴ壬ô֮ʱ˵ʱ޿̲ڿǿš
ʹڣҲΪİԼʵԽԽǿš
ҵһ¶ʮա
֮һ֮󣬾ʽﵽԲ̶Ⱦɾųߡ
ڶ׶Ѿ˼¡
Ǽ֮ͻƵ׶Ρ
Դҵ°ʱ俪ʼħ彵٣֮˾ԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿ
ͬҲŲ׹ʱȻﵽһۣʵҲɨ޵С
ֽ峯͢С
ҵ£Ѿ֮ϣûͻƣƺͲһЩ
ʱһȥԽԽʢǿԽԽࡣ
ҵʮʮһա
һ죬ɴĵüͷһһĨ̿ʼ˱չء
ʱ𣬽һǰ໥ӳ
䣡
ʱ䣬رɫ˳Ͽյ쳤Х
УɫӴ˹з𣬰գǹѹʡ
ǿ߷׷ɫ𾪣֪ǸһеĻϡµľ޴ͻƣоη
ǵչش
ܻϢЩ仯ʱɫɻؽڣΪʮһҳ
ĵȴ׶δﵽˡ
ƥȫоԸ⣬һ֮£ܴ˴˽صıԴ
Ψһȱģǵһͱ࣬ȴûǿ̫ࡣ
ϸµľʱ͹ȥˡ
ҵʮһʮգֻоǰһʱձ任ǰѾΪһĻ
һж뿪ʱûֻȴ峯Ļۡ
ˡ
Щľ޴仯ݵľ޴ת䣬ҪʱıӦ
һʧӵķγ֡
۲鿴磬ȻʼС
һиһʱʱУʱҲʱͬ
Ȼһ̽ǸصС֮С
ϣĿз𵭵ɫʼ˼
һᣬѹ˼ڻ

صģʱ䣬Լ̬˻ʱ䰲Ŵʹ£ֻ֮ص˵״̬
Ψһӵģ̽ɺɵʵӡ֤еĻ֡
һֱһһεĳϣٹԱܵĿЩ档
ǡ
ɻɣ
ǷǾȻˣ
ǡֺǡ
ֲö࿴¡
󣬵Ҿͽܽȥչʾһʵ
ûгɣֱӽҲһЩҪʵҡ
ʱԵĿһ˿ںΡ
ܸоǹѹ΢Ǳ
á³һΪ˵֣ˣдο
΢΢ѹеĲʣû˵ʲô
ҲΪԼҪ˵ֻǲҪǰչʾʵˡ
ǣл΢΢һ
˶٣ȻĿڵʸԼɼںδ
Ŀ΢ŵܡһµʽԴﵽɡɡ޼ʵͬв顣
ڴ֮ûܴﵽҲںľڤӡԪȶͨߡ
˶٣ֻڵɴﵽǼȴǴﵽɼ
СȻһ˿⣬һ˲˺ܶ࣬ʧǲʱ漰ġ
ٴοʵԽ׶ս
ﵽԡҳ
ûʲôЩ㹻ˡ
㲻̫࣬ɡº
ǡ
ţȥɣ裬㵽ʱ游
ǣˡ
ߺ󣬵Ŀһ˿˿
صԼѹ˼Ƕĵҵ⣬¡
ʵһ۾ܿ͸ûʲôѡ
Ȼָо񣬵ֻѹš
Ȼˣֺ룿
ֻ費ˡ
ճһᣬʹ粻ڱǿţ֮ҲǿȻʱ˵٣½һο
ֹʮ죬һԣڽԼĿеɡɵʵȷˡ



75 ޡ
ԭ࣬ʵǾ磬ԻΪŸΣɽˡ
ھŲΪߣھŲ۷ֻм˿ԴﵽɵھŲ۷壬൱ڳɵڶΡ
ʱǵΣֱи߶Ρ
һһһԶ
ҲԿһ˵ڡ
ɵھŲΡ۷һͻƿܾɵĲΡǵΡ
ֻҲǵھŲ۷壬ͻˣҲ˺ܶ࣬ȴֻǴӳڶΡﵽΡ
ԵЩ壬ͻɱ
Ȼ塢Ǳ㣬ʹܶˡ
ʱһȥܿŸ֪ʶһЩԪķͨսͨ
ʵĹ֮ǿ໥ʹõģԪʹ˽սɱȻⷽһ
ҲʹԪͨ
ϸ˵û̫ľޡ
һжֻǿԼòóϲϲ
ͬʱҲӿڴĲ֣ʹĲ֡
һЩ߼Ĺ磬ܶ龪ߵõ
дߣֱޡ
Ҳֻģǽ
дУѾüǿĴͲͬȷ
ʵѾﵽ˵ɵΡ
֣Ҳʽﵽ˵ɵһΡ
УħںϺ󣬾Ͳͬ
ʵﵽ˵ΣĳǶڳ߲Ρ
һСͬڳ߲Σöþܳɹ
Ĳƶвǿ磬ǿһδսŸߴ
ƽʵҲԽԽߣֱ־ǣ֮ڲǿɡ
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ҸϷԼվһߣʱڱȸɵͬ£һ˽߸һСкһŮ
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μϡԱǸŮСкҲһһ۵
ض񣬿𡣡ЦֵȻ鲻
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ͯĻɣáðҿŮСкһЦ
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츳޿ޡ
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ΣΪ档
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ͬʱҲڿŮΨһŮͯ
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Ӧ
ܿ죬һ˳ȥ
ȥҡȸɡҲʼ̸ҪǶ飬жġ
Ϊ̡ǰĴ壬ǵУ˫ս
׵ģǶ
֮󣬺ޱߣܵ˵ҲǷΪ顣
ʤޡհޡţݡ«ޣԼޡ
Ϊĵһͳռݵľޡ
ͥͰ˰ϷޣķȴҲĴǿĵˡ
ġϷ硢ǼĹ
Ǹ̽ĵˣĲһһܳơ
̾ڴ̶壬ǲ壬ǵ塢߸֮ϣı塣
ڶʤݺ֮䣬ԽԽǿһֱͳԣǵеһĻ
裬ҪĿģΪ취Ըġ
սģˡ
ҵ£߳ڳ
˵⻹ǵܵһγΪĵһǣǷ·ؼľޣ˿ʮڣӴޱȡ
εĴգ
Ȼ׼һ·֮ϸǽͯС
ﶼѾͺˣԷȥ׼õĵط
һССۣԼȥ׼õĵطȥ׼õĵط
һֱĬԹۣû˵һ仰ֻǿŵλ˵ڡ
ǽֹͯ񣬲²ǡô
˭ʧ䣬һ޵Ķ࿴üۣȻЩǲôġ
ǵˣǽͯ
ֳûڽͯʵûѡ
ڽĻֻܸԼҽߣҲʱĿһ۵ܣĿСЩн
һʱܿȥܾôһ죬ǶԵ˸ӵ˽⣬ͶԳǵ˽⡣
Էֱصܾͱټ
ûпŵֱӵ֮ŮͯΪ䣬Ѿãճɻ顣
Ҳû⣬һӦ
ҿΪο꣬Ծʤ󲿷ˡ
Īģ洫Ϣӣһŭ




76 ̲ʧ
뿪ڵҵĻ档
ʹûйӴ̳ÿγҲǲμӵģһЩ£ͿԷִͥư޵УʵѾ˥ˡ
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Ĵ˰жٲġĵģ˵
ڣҲһƲӵľ棬˲Žȱǿ߽ȱֻǿЩѹ
ΨһһЩ˽ܣ󲿷ֻš
ԶԶȲ϶ʤݡհЩɵĳʡ
ȻͳҲṇ̀ϾҲˡ
崫ҸɴĵطԻͨ߱ȱȽǣ˭С
Դ̸ѪΪԼõĽ
䲻һһΪ̣ܵ˵ҲûʲôģԱǸѡ
ձ󣬸ο̻Զû֮¡ȻҲΪ⣬ܵܶ洦
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ҪȻҲֱӴŶӶŮˡ
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ˣ֮λ˵һ롣
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Ҫ׼ˡ
ͷᣬôø⣿
ʱв鷳Ļ϶
һ뵽ǸӣЩĪķ꣬վڶԷǰơܸоЩѹ֡

һӴĸۡԼһһŮ
ͯλΣԼɿɰŮºʵ
ףĻϲӶӡȻĻ˿˿
ޣΪΣ΢档
ǶҡĻЩߵһ죬Щޡ
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׵һЩڵŮҲЩˡ
¶Ц⣬ѾˣΪֱӲӶӣⲻǺ
ţҲҪȥרһ䣬¶˾ġ

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ʱӲһ̲סңϡ
Ϊҵұ֮һܶ£⻰˼ҲյΪͽ
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أǳְ̼֮ᶨ˵˶١ЩԥֱӰݳΪʦֻ޶˱ʡ
üͷһ˿˿֪Щʲô˵壬ΪԷһǵͷ˼ȥ̫ʦѧϰɡ
ٹֻѧϰȻҲһЩĿ⣬
Ҳѧϰʲô̫¡
УȴǲЩǣϸ˵Щɼ顢ĵ֮ʱˡ
һصϡ
ҲСǹԽ׳ˣиӹ󣬱޾
Σ̲ʧ
ԶˡиһͬЩӡ
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ƫƫԷǸҳӡ
ˡ㲻ùܣжԲߣúý̵ܡѹص
гأʲôֻܹһ񣺡ؽ߾ȫ

ʮ󣬵ҵܽʮ붫֮Ůͯɻ顣
һ𶯡
˼˺ܶ࣬Ŀɨλʱˡ
ӡҪˣ
ͷ𣬲˾ŶԲߣȻʲôû˵ҲΪƽµȭͷյĽģ⿴ŵܣ֪ʲô
ȻЩܶûж룬Ҳá
վǸʵΪ磬һ̶кܶ࣬Σ
ҲֻѹŰˡ
ûգŮˡء
ͬʱϢҲԼٶȴķͥͶӰǷǳġ
һЩС˼ˣҲѹȥ
Щܴʱûȥ˽⣬ߺҲʼѧϰ
ȥ̫ʦټѧϰ



77 Ͷ̥תһ
Դ˵Ȼܡ
Ǵһ䣬ΪΪ˧۷塣
棬ûмܸ⡣
ѧϰܾ⡣
ҪѾλʵģҪѧϰĶɺܶࡣ
ԽʵԽǿһЩԽ᲻һΪҪöҲԽࡣ
ҪȫͨҪû㣬ҸľǼΪ
ٸϵĵһΣԡ
бһԶٲ˵ģи־ͨ
һѧϰԵģһˣͱҪСʵȴﵽеɵΡ
ʼ䲻ǵ˺ΪԴʱҲǵɡԲ
ҲֲٻΪͽ
һڿΣκ󣬵ܸƷɻ̫ʦ
ΪĵӣֳңƷɻԽѧϰ
Ϣȥ쳣ĳȡ࣬Ÿ֮ơ
˵ʱҲһһۣӲ
ϵҲǰ˵֮ˣ˺˵̫ʦСҲֻһͬٽΡ
ʱһҲϤˣھԷ棬Ҳ᲻ʱĽһЩۡ
ò˵ƷɻԲԵܵľ۽磬Ȼ󲿷ʱ򶼲ǻƷɻ֡
ܿ⻹ǶԷĽ
ԴʧΪͣԼˣҲֻиͻ֮ˣ۹ܸʢ
˴Σ˽̫ʦ̸˾һ档
̸۲ӣٸ˵һʽƾ֡
ܵ˵Ʒɻİ취ǽϸԴиᡣ
ܵķͼˣȭֱ
Ϊʵ̫ǿԾ˵Ӹӣ˵Ҳӡ
ܵ˵Ϊ˧
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浽۷壬ѹһС
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Ʒɻ˧淢չܸĻǽѹˣԸƫ򽫡
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⼸󲿷ʱ䶼ڱչأ²⣬֮˵ʵǾܣȥ֮˵һֱС
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ʹʹһֱڱǿ˲ٳڣҲܱȵùЩ
վǲܱȵġ
ֻͶ̥תնȥһУһǲվڶϣ
ܴСлȡطⷽ档
ҪΪ֣һնȥǵһСʩط
طصķӡǼ䣬Ȼǻż䣬˵ڵܡͶ̥תļ䣬ʹǴͨѲǵļ䣬ҲѲ



78 ȸ
ء
ֻأ˷֣˳ڤڤеĸӦ͵ʺǵĳص㡢ݡ
ط֮棬ǣ֮ȥתͶ̥ȻһЩ
лһ֪ǿ
Ϊֻˣ͸ȥתޡ
һ˽Ǵ硢УɫҲʵˡ
һͲգĺ嫡˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲôܿ϶ȫЩˡ
Ͼطֻ˵ҲѲйصļ䣬ġ
ҲֻСԭ̫֮ȥ̫ˡ
ֱӽǴ磬Լʱ˵ְֻ취ſԡ
ͬʱΪҲ̫˶˷֡
һ˵˵ĳɫʸͣˡվһ㡣
Ŀ⿴֮⣬ģѾˡ
תδҲ֪һжԼ컯

ʤһ֮⣬һ˵Ŀ
١һ̥
޵ߣҪˣ
Ц

һصУÿһ˿ռ䣬һֻ޴Ľɫģ·һ㡣
ȻѿһѺۣƺʲôҪ
Ҳһ̣Զڴ̵һ۾Ŵѱ桢·𼯽貵ϣһĨԵϲɫ֣Ӱգʧ
ǷصأӰѾѿԽԽĽɫ޵ǰ
㡫
һۡԵӾ޵Ӱɫһ

ǡ
̫ʦһһԵ߳ˡ
ΪһκθӦǼ򵥵ġ
ûȥΪܸӦʱ仹û

ĴطǳһЩ״Щ֪ܶм˼һϢ
ΪﵽԽڵĳ̶ʱȻͻݡ
ͳˣܽʱ䣬ò໨һЩڴʹУƽߺɵӰ졣
ͬʱָžġ
Ĳ꣬ʱ֮죬֮ʿ˵һգۿܾǧꡣ
ѧԣһЩͨԼȥ֮⣬Ϳʼѧϰˡ
Ҵ£ĸƣĶԸȵȡ
йҴѵģܼʹһЩѧϰҲ쳣Ŀ졣
پϲõҾϲ
꣬õӴһЩ¡
ʮ֮ڵ󣬵ǰȥؽס
ΪʾӣȸԳ
λ޽ΪףһٽɿͷɺʮɴС
ΪĶУӳǳȻû˸ǡ
ʱ䣬鷽ſһЩأ졣
޴ĳУͱȸ̸һЩйس飬ȻȸĿһܡ֪ɼ壿
һƽҡͷ
Ҫˡȸº͵ɫһ˿أҲûгϵ˼
û˵ʲô֮ǰѾ²ģûʲôþġ
һ̡
䣡
ȸɡ
һ𣬳ɱĴը죬Ŀ⿴ȥֻһĨѪɫصٶǿֲֻǿžѵĸо
ǿǿĲ˼顣
ǿܸʲô
̼䣬׶ҡҡ׹ĸоǰλ޽ɣַСĸо

׼ʥ
зʣ޽ɡɵĳƷֻƴ󣬷ռ
س֮һֳƷ
Ǵ޽ɣԳưһҪΪǴ֮ϵ׼ʥ
Ѫɷû뵽ˡȸɵĴһεɢʱƽ
ͬʱѾ˶֮ǰݿԽԽѪɫâ
Ѫɷ
ܵ˶ʱ˶Էݣʮ֮һ
̺ͶԷǰɱҲ

ɱĴѪɫˣ˱ȸɣȥؼ価һƬѪɫ
СϷͲҪóˡȸƽָһ̧һСָӰûѪɫˡ
СӴһ˲䣬Ѫɫ˾Ϳʼıѩڡ
ߡ
һߣѪɫ˼СΪһѪɫšȸɡ
ʱ·һʯ˴ĿУȻʲôҲо·ڶУ˷һ˿һ
ȸɫЩ̧һһŴҫɫ䣬ӭѪɫš
䣡
ը죬Ѫɫųһͣȸɺ飬Ӷ䣬İɫ콵䡢Ѫɫȥ
𣡡
һ޺Ѫɫű󣬻ΪһߴɵѪɫޡ
֫ŵأͷƻ˵Щƾ춯ء
ѪɷһһӽĲ
һ޺ѪɷѪⱩ𣬻Ϊɫ
ը죬ѣ䡣
ʱѪɷ·磬ȸѹŴ򣬲ʵ޺ȴûа취
֣ȻѪɷһ
͸㲻ˡһЩ
漴һڹԶ˵ֱӼս
Ӿң׹⡢ڹ⡢Ѫ⣬ֹâ·ƬػΪ롣
ûã׹ռϷ磬ڹ⡢Ѫ⽥ѹȥ



79 챱ޱ
֮⣬׶ۿţλ޽ɡλɡʮɴѾԴ
ȸɴɫҲЩ
ܾţȸǴһдʵΪ档

ֻǡľλ
̷桭
Ŀ˶ȻһֻצȻԶ̽ԽԽգ۾ͱò֮ƥռ̮
ȸɫ䣬ѹѪɷսıħ
һ̣һգ۽£ݺצ֮ϡ
ʱ䡢Ѫ׷ɣǾצԸٶ˻ȥ
٣
ңԶһŭ漴һ𣺡ߡ
Ѫɷħûгɣ̾Ҫѱȸߡ
ȸȴִ˼֣Ȼ˼򵥾ߡ
ڴʱһȴʱıȸɲ
ˡô𣿡ۺһֻȭͷݺջصľצ
䣡
ʱֻצ飬һҽ𣬡
һӰңԶǽ漴͸Ǿצ˴ս
ߣۡȥ·ҲԳӰ˶Ѫɷ˵ս
̼䣬˼·磬ʱǿƷֱս
ҵײ󣬶һϢȥ١ȸɡҲû׷
˴˶ӼۣӰʧҲԼطȥ
ȸɻص׶飬ǰʲôûз
˼һ׼ܲ³
һҲֻǱ̽һо˵뷨ǰϮ
˫ûноս뷨ԡֻǴ˶ԷˣɶԷߡ
ϿȥӦþˣĸأһ
ͬʱҲʱֵܲġ
һԣȸɿܵĿһĨͣݳȣʤˡ
ʱһȥַһ£ڡصˡ
֮ӽĻѾʮʱ䣬ԷȻ󣬽ܵ׸ȥ
ٶȿЩշУڳӭǡ
һж˳ڷҲ̫ӡ
󣬽׶ٴγֻ˶˲١
ܻûĽͯ׵ĽĻһ֧ʮ˵ޡ
иѾӶ˵һˣͨ˲ţɴʮλɡλ޽ɡ
Լı
Щǽͯޣʱ𣬶˽Ʒ¡
ͬҲǽĳӡ
ʱٶȿһЩ£ϵ˳ǡ
һգַǷ󳼡Լ˰ѾǰϺ
Ҹ졣
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ڵΪ׼õĸۡУû뿪һֱ·֮С
Ǻͷһ覵ǰʮǰ˺ܶࡣ
۰׵ļ֮ϣЩΣͷҿܡ
һҹûʲôֻǵܽʱѾǱ֤ʵ˵ˡ
ͯҲʣҳ̶ȱӵʵŮˡ
˵޹ӵеĳ̶һͯӵеģʮһ١
õۿɼٶȱ
ʮڴ硢粻ϱǿѾﵽʮɡ
ʱʮﵽʮɣһ׶γȥ
ֹʮһСɱ俪ʼˡ

һգܷ·ֻصڴ統֮ʱֻһΣӵеӴ˺ܶˡ
һЩ֣ҲϢ俪ʼˡ
ͬʱҲʼӴ¡͸أӵ˽⣬ҲԽӵء
ˮ֮޷ݡ
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ʱ˺ܶˡ
ҶͶȥĿ⣬ϾβϹ֮ʱҲһλͨߣĵһǿߡ
ΣȤ˽һЩ𶼳ˡ
·зﴫһ꣬ͱһϢѹ
һõɫϢ
֮ӲؿΪͽ
֪Ϣ֮üͷҲǲһ漴Ȼˡ
챱ޱۡ
Ȼʲô¶Ե޹ʵġ
ͥΪѹмۣʲô˼ֻԼ֪ˡ
λϹ浽ڵĶͨߣѾ֣ǲ֪Щ˳û
һ뵽ˣȻ֪ЩʱģʵĿ˲
еĲ֣ʼӿ졣
ͬʱܲҡҲ׼һ¡
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Ҳһ꣬ƷɻʽӪ֮УǰΪӵĳǶҲֱӱ˾Ӫ
ڵܿĵطܶ׼Ҳڿʼˡ
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п˼ţʱѾȥ˽Ϊʲô
ظ֣֮Ҳ֮¡˵
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Ŀ΢̾Ϣ˾ӦΪʲܵġ
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ΪǿĻܡ
֮ĳ桢ǲܵġ
ֻһ쳶ϵͲһˡ
һ룬ȻϾһ



80 
ʹ˽Ĳ࣬ҲԷһд֮¡
ҶܴϣҲôִϣϾļ̳˻ûгɳҪ»̫ࡣ
˶٣ҼǲؿҲʸܡ
Գһǲؿλתˡ
Ҳ͸Ϊӡ
λǣ֮Զ
ҿŵܣһת̫ʦ⽫һЩҴΪ٣֪Σ
һңʵʸ֪Ǻˣ
ؽ̡³֣쳣ĳء
̫ʦûأû˵ڣȴˡ
̫ʦĹصǡҿ϶
ǡӦ
̫ʦ֮һЩΧ֮ˣҲ塣ٴ˵
У״γһЩԥ
ɡûԥ
Ҳ֪˵ǰҪԭ
ȴ£¹شδʺģҲֻˡ
ΪΣҿѾ϶Ϊһӣһ⣬⼸УǶΪӡ
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Ŀ⿴ȥʶ˺ܶ࣬ЦţȻǸˡ
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ӳǰȥʦѧϰʱʶġ
ԸЩçײΪֱ֪ܶԷôû桢һӡ
۲죬ȴƼٵģұǵΪε
ˣҲûԭֻĬ
ڣԷȻԸЩçײ
磬ϢҾˣҪʹ졣˫Ŀ£ܵ²ӣЩµģǸ˵
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ĸԸλߡ
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ܵȷƺû⣬ֻҪϺҪٻ
˫ڵݵλһ硢㴥ϡ
ԼȥҷɻǺȡܵȻ˵һ䡣



81 
ͷûҵܺȣ˵ֻǱһ׽ѡ
ҲҪ¡
磬ѸҴһȥˡûԥֱ˵˳
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Էս춷ءֻԼֻܿԼܸܵҲһ˿͡

һĨڵԱߵķ컭ꪡ

һЩΥĹļ
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һս侭飬һĥϣһ߻չ¶ԼʵüӰ



82 ս񡢱

ԭԭٶ
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羴Ŀ£ֱӷס
һׯŮӾƺ˿ӭ
ѱãʱãŮˮ
šӦȥ
ȻΪ磬ԲԷʳѾνޱҪǳԵġ
Ůӽ飬һǰ͵лģҲκı㡣
ûвյɣס檡
ߣܸ÷
УһʲɫһԡԭСš
ȻһԱϣŭεºܣʷȻ٣
ϢŭԭεȰ
ϢŭϢŭʷˡҴ󺺷𣿡Խ˵Խŭһֱԭǳ㣬Ϊܵԭ
һ췴𣿡
ԭɫһ䣬ƽ¹ܣܵԭ򣬴˲ԭеİվ֪ˡ
ҪǾ¹Ĳãɳ¹ְˡ
ɫһ漴Ǹӵķŭ
ԭβ֪
ݾԭžޣʵ죬ƺûмް㣬ǿĿֲ
ɱ¾壬˲ݣݡ
ʷô
һӣط϶߾ǡ
û֮ʱ
˭ںǣ
˭ָ
˵ġǶԷǾʵɵˡ
롢ʷ˲ҡ



83 ͺĬɱ
ū˵ǳڴ󺺡
ɧű߾֮£ûжϾ˫ҲĬϵģô̴С
СģһЩ߾֮˱ɱ¾ᣬΪ˴
ݵūݵڻݵǼˡ
⼸ūɱˣǲ򹥻ԭԱˣɱȵȹⶼʵʵĹ
ʷ˵Ȳݴ¡
͢Ǳηνʷ˸ʱȥԸ
һ͢Ա
УССԭȻ˶˵
ΪûԸ߾ˣ
Ƿ
ŭڵŭáãٵҪպҲ˵
˵꣬ȥ
ߡ¹ٲ͡ԭ˵һ䡣
Ӱһ٣漴Ųӿ˲١
ʱȴӺ߳Щǵˣ²ưոݡ
ġԭͨҡҡͷǶ޹ؽҪֻ

ǿ²һֱ˴ڵġ
ȵ˵ͷͨԭص֮ףʵʵǿߵģѰķչ
羴ݽԲûߣʱȻЩΪܵġ
һЩЩֶΡ
УһɾٴδսľΡ
Ҳ̫ģʵ˫˭ΣȶԼĵĻڣ֮ͨ˶˵ͷ
ļʶţû˵˭Ƚǿ
ֻҪߣ
ԼİΣǰ;ǲôġ
ΪˣΪһЩ£ԡ
οʲôûУʲôǰ;ԣôܵԭ
ǱԵСˡ
ϧˣ
ͨ̾ϢһЩ彥ʼ׳ҪǵҲӦò᲻ȥְ
ڣգ

ҹ٣һ󣬵ӵڴϣȴû˯⡣
˾رƣ֮⣬Ѿǲ˯ġ
ԺУԭս侭֤
ˣ
ʱ䣬ƺɱ¾֮УӲʹ񽫷컭ʹĳ뻯
ߵ츳ǲϵһɱ
ɱˣҲ壬һָɱˣЩͬĸо
ҲѾӦˡ
ɱ˵սϾʹһֱǾʹøļɣ۸ľ顣
ʵϣҲֵһֱѹȵĸо
ȽǰȴҲ̫̫࣬ȫȡ
ʱҲȫԭս飬γԼսʽ
صħֵ֮Ļ趯˵ѹ֮
νջ֮һˡ
Ҳڰ뷢չ
ûȥ٣Ӷԭ룬ԭܼ򵥡
ⷽأûʸͷֻһʱġ
ۣžİû֧֣֮˿ûб仯
ʮңȥҲһԭ
һϷѹƣʹֻϵģҲٴĵ̣Ҳ˾
һᣬֿʼϸżͨ
µһ쵽
ȥӪͨ
˳ȥɨɨ壬

̫ԭУԭĻƽݣһ˫۾Խ

Σ˻ƽб֮˹Ȼĸȥɡ
ǡ£Ҷ˵ʲô
һߣˣԭһǿϢƺҪջסˡ
ϢŭԱĸ
ߣʵڿɺޣϷȻܾԭһдųɱ⡣
һƥѣʵǿкãʵ˶֡ĸȰ
ԭѹɱ⣬֪ȷˡ
ɱԷɱ˵ԷĴڡūҲĹ
ߣ̲סٴһƹ⻰
漴ɫ˹Ԭ˵
ڼĸɫ˵
ʱԭɫͬвԾЩţ˵ͷ

ͬʱĲԭϣūͥ
ū߲㾡ɫŭ
ʵɺޣȻܣѵٴսǲˡһ̲סŭ
ҿ˾̫Ϊ۸ˡҴ̿ڸ͡
߲Ҳɱ¶̶꣬ССԭµˣʵ̫̫ˡ
ʵЩߣ˫ôĬˣһЩ˫ƽ¶á
ɾǸħһˡ
ʮ򡢶ʮ򣬴ǰһЩ߲㰴Ͳסʱʮ򣬿ɻֻʣһ
ǲʱɨǴūūɱʵڿɺޡɱ
һǳɱ⡣
ǼЩͷۣͬɱ⣬ȴͺģս
ǰȥָ
Ѿ֪ǺԱο˫Ĭ£һ˵ǾͲˣǸˡ
Ƕ˵ʲô
ģսʮѾǼˣ˶Уôκε˶Է
ū߲鲻ʱѾһδԭˡ



84 ס¾
붡ԭѾʮ졣
ʮռȫ⼸աͨ˲Сͻƣõжʱڡ
漴˾ԭأֱԭ
ֻſʮ㣬ٶΪ
ⷽԶȣҲȴǿ̫࣬еı
Ȼгɵĸ١
ⷽҲΪɡɡͷ
һҲƫһְֻɷĽ
˺;ԭʣµһˣǵɱ¾壬᲻Դн֮
֮ǰķҲΪŸΣܶ˶˵ĲΣ൱ڴ֮
֮İͨǿ
Ȼ磬ʵȴҲ㲻˶ǿ
Ͼʹԭ뺷ʵͲװ̫ԴʹеᣬȴҲ̫࣬ʱ仹̡ܶ
ܵ˵ԭһ򣬶ֻһ㾫
ڵ˵Ҳ㹻ˡ
Унǧֻ͸ߴ󡢲ѰСǡ
ⷽ磬ҲǿǿģֻعͬԻΰˡ
ԭϣǿȻֻ֣Ǻ
ǧֻǱǵץ²ūǣڷемҡ
زѾͨԡ
ԾǿʵӲѱ
ǵĴڣ֧ʵȻǲ١
ܱûǣһƥΪ񿡵ߴɶ࣬ų߶࣬ٲȻһȻ
ū߲ģԳΪӵеɵĲʵ
ʹ磬Ҳһƥ
Ҳֻſǿսϳɱ
һ𣬼ʹţ֮µҲܲסٶ֮ĸǲУۡ
£ԭȥ
һ󣬳Ѿҵһū䣬ˡ

䣡
ĲԭϷ·ը죬һ棬ģһεϢ֮£γһ塣
Ϣںһγһƣһʯ
ٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬ԽԽǿ
ǵ־֮ͨһ
֮Ĳ˵ʵʺϸ嵥ǿֻ
˫֮ʱʿܾܿ͸
žͨǽγһ塣
ʱÿʿǿһЩʵǿһЩϢ壬ٶʲôĶ䣬·һСʯͷڳһʯ
Ƚнʿϵڣڴģɱǿһͨ
ֺܼ򵥣ףټѧ
ʵͨЧ硢ͺҲǿЧΡ
ĿĶһģֻһ
ҲһʵͨСɶ㲻ϡ
࣬١
ˣһ˵ȥҲǺˡ
ʱٶԽԽ죬·ɽ鱩ˣֲױȡ
ūȻͷֵˡ
˵Ĳ䣬٣߼
ǺƺƵоǲһ塣
ȻһЩ˿Ŵ졭
ˣ
ЩޱȵĿ־塣
Ǹħˣߡߡ
ˣɱԭˡ
ߡߡ
Ҫҡ

̼֡һЩ˾ҪܣһЩеӵˣҲֹס
Ҳûˡ
̫̫̣Ѿˡ
·һͷצͻһ˲˺˱ͻҵū䡣
ɱ˫Ӵĵһ˲㿪ʼˡ
ûв̡û飬ڼжһˡɷ򡢺øסֵܵˣһ̶ΪĹ֡
ǹݺݴ̳¡Хɡ
ÿһѪ쳣ĽޣҲ쳣
ûгֻ֣ǴŴ˳Ƴ棬·һˣĮĿš
ܸо֮˵ʹСϲС
ĳޣѪ
ڳ͢ϲϳ˾ͺãСģ᲻ʲôϾѣҲΪ˻ȥ
ֻд֣ʷҲˣֻд峼ǿ
Ǳ߾һֱϹȴû˻ȥ⡣
֡
ԶǴΪأ߾ԼѾϰˣһ㣬ƴһƴܻȥͺá
ָϲ㣿û˻ɵˡ
ɼʹˣʹ˲⣬ԼȻ⡣
ֻǷ
ԣÿһ˶飬ȱ
̶̵һ棬ֹһᣬ˵ū䣬ʹһ
Ů˶ͯˡ
ʰһŽɻ񡢺ϲúХȥ
Ϊ׵ͨûʲôһ˸߲Ҽԭȥ
ֻǶƥһЩ档
һμ򵥵ɱ˵ȻǵĿģĿģū
Ŀԭƺһɳҵס
죬ʧڲԭϡ



85 硢Χɱ
صĲԭϡ
ūȻѾԶ統ū۹Щϳڴ󺺣ϢʵҲָ˺ܶࡣ
ССĲ䡢岼׺Ĳԭϡ
ʹûͳƣµ֪ġ
ūһʱϱƵһЩС壬˿ھڡ
Щ˶ڴ˵ʲôҲ٣ҲǴʱԼٶȼš
̶ʱ䣬ʮֱʧ
ūͥǼ˼ڵһʱ֪ˣū֮ͥϿղʱ
̣ū߲ķŭ;
˭һҪҳʬΡ
ˡ

߲ķŭУǼǿߡǰȥѰնɱ
죬ǵʹġУյϢ
˶ҪԸǸˣѾһˣɱ˲ԭ¾ǵ
һ˵ıŭȼū߲㡣
ˣɱһҪնɱڲԭ֮ϡǼ˫۶Щˣȵ
ū߲ϿڸͣŨɱʹͥϿյɫѸٱڡ
ֻε֮쳤Х
䣡
һ£ʹǿߴͥ˳֮ĸӦ·صȥ
ͬʱҪӡҳ
ܿ죬ūڣˣлһ־š
Ǹ˴Ŵɱԭˣ

գۣǶʮʱȥƬԭԽ֡
ôܵô죿ֵˣһūȷŭֱŭȡ
ʮˣūԭѾԱٶ˷ѰҺΧ֧˵ľӡ
ɽȴǣʮ䱻
˵Ĳ̫ܵˣֻǸǰܵӰ٣ҵõȴ׷ϡ
ҶԷʵʵ̫ǿʹӵʮ˵Ĳ䣬ҲһԷǳٶɱ
ˣһЩ˵Ǳˣǰһսսպյ
׷ūƺðһɺҧгݵ
պһӵʮ˵Ĳ
ա
һЩūιСΪ˷ܵһλ˱۵ˡ
壬͸˵˵ɡ
ǰô𣿡
Զԣ˵ѾɱǺöˣЩҲûץס

ˣҾ͸˵˵ɡǶ˱۵ЩΡ˿ڣʱΧС˷
ƺ뵽ʲôµ飬Ƕ˱۵˿ԼһԼĶϱ۴˫һĨľ־£֪ҹ˰ɣ
Χ˷׷׵ͷžη֮ɫ
ǿǽڵڡҹ󻣬ҹˣǵȻ֪
һԱɾ˵ԭպյǿߡ
ͬʱҲ֪ˡ
ҹ˺ǿ󣿱ɽѵأǴʮū˵⻰˱۵вûԺһĨη塣
գҹ˼ʮɽǰҲס
ɶԷԷһˣӺ˳ǽϷֻһꪡ
ô첻ն£綼һˡ
ҹѪǺֱܶ
˶٣ӿ־ˣϣ˾ͺսǿĸˣʮ£󲿷ֵ˶Ѿˡ
ֻһߡ
ΧһƬž˵Ľʣǹʵη壬ȴüСӣ˵
·ǰһս޵еĸӰ
顢壬㡢ôӻģΣһСЩ͵ʵ
˴ӿ־лЩҡҡͷ־оЩ羴Ҳ֪λսмɱǡ
ǵ𣿡һСӸˡ
Ҳ
䣡
ͻȻһԶգ۱ĺը𣬴˼˵Ļ
ɫһ䣬æȥ
ֻһһֿ쵽˼ٶǱƽ
ǹƣʵǴδġ
˱۵嶸ȻסˣгΪһ۾Ϳ˺ǰˡ
Զ˵Ӱס
ˣ

䣡
飡

ɳķ컭̧ǰ·նȥ
ʱ䣬·ѣѾūˣֱӱѪ⡣
Բ֮ڣ֮гһѹѪ
ջسꪣ˳Ƴ档
ɱ¾һ֮ٶȻľˣʧڲԭϡ
ֻǾڶūˡ
ʱһ֧ʮūˣһĻҾŭ
û׷ϣ
вپⱻһꪴУǻλ۷ģ
ɢȥͨ
һ֮ͨһ
ûģٶȣȫоٶȡ
̶ȣԼҵٶȡ
Щɱ¾õƥѾ̤Ϸǰεĺ
ٶȲŻ쵽ū׷ϵĵز
Ȼūֻ̫࣬࣬ٶȻϡ
һ־Ÿõǲҡ
һЩǿߣ֮ⱻһնɱλɵһεǿ֮󣬾ûǿ߸ҿǡ



86 ꪸɱ
ǻɱ𣿡ڵԵκһݵ˵
Χ˶ˣ˫СϽǳݡȡ
̶̲һµʱ䣬Ǿͷ·һ
סȥ磬绢
ūɱ޷֮
Щڱ߾ˣûʹ졣
ǿ쳣ͬħһūֻǵǹ²
ȻҲźźԼ̫Сʵϲܰʲô
ƽݲڵˣ
ʱ䣬κͬСǺԼȵ£潫κɱ췭ظ
Χû˵ʲôȻϢʾǵͬᶨ
Ƿһ˿޵Ц⣬Ǿͼ
ǡ
䣡
ٴ
һպһʮĲ䣬һꪴɲзϡ
ڵ˵ûǿ۴֮һɷɵĴ˵߹
ɵ۷ʵⷽ磬Ǹǿˡ
պպһһ䣬ūԱĴԽԽ࣬ϢԽԽꡣ
ԭ󲿷ֶ·𱻺Ⱦ
ʵҲûūǣΣ
һ֮󣬴ݶߡ

һ죬һзϣū̲סŭ쳤ХϣĺƱһɢǿʶȥ
־ͺսزءӢۡ
һһ˵·֮䣬ֻʣһ
䡫
Ȼƺƽˮ浴һ˿ˮһ΢Сգ۾㡣
ūȥֻʮ⼫ٶ
ٶ֮캧ţ֮Ҳɽѡ
ū󻡢мɫһ䣬ˣ
УԷôôűǷֵģ
ЩҲˣԷܵÿ죬ѿϢ֡
ӭС
һȣ̿ʼ֮ͬʱо֮
ΣһҪ֮նɱ
ٶ룬ֻһȻӿٶȣ˴
񿡵ƥ̤գٶԽԽ죬ԽԽߡ
һħӰǺķ컭ꪡ
ݺն¡
䡫
һ̣رɫԲ֮ڣΪ֮һգ̡
һݵĻͻ֮ˮ¡
·ˡˣ˭޷ֿ
ūֻоһס뷨ֱͷ
һɺֹסðСԷˡ
ѿɫֻҧȥ
䣡
ۣ

صײūɫһס˿˿Ѫͬʱǧūֱӱ˿Ѫ
˫огͬն£ƥƱ
䣡
ȫꪺ󣬵˫ߡ±ǰ磬϶ȥ
һԲǲмӡ
ūʱվŵģֻʮˣʮˣţҶ˵һ֡
ΪǿԼ˵ӰоǾ֡
˫ۡ˫ȶ䡢±飬Ѫ˫鼸ɳˡ
һ˿˿ľֺͺʾһ
úġ
һϢǿʧ
ūʹ֫ϡ÷顣
Щ˵ľ֡һ۱һ˿âֽ䡣

Ҫȥ𣿡һԣ˰Σκ̲סǳݵʵ
ղǸ޵еһĻʵڶӰ̫
ǿū󻣬ŰȴסԼҽꪡ
ǿ̫ǿˣ
ǿ޿ƥС
ǿֻԸһ׷潫
šܵӦһ¾Ѿ٣ϸոյ󻡣
ˡ
ūҪạ̊́ǾһȺ
ɱľٶûôϡ
Էɵε֮ҲΡ
ȫꪣͲǸˡ
ֱԭضȥЩ·ģ˳նˡ

ūһǱߵģҲǱ˵ġ
Ƭԭƺһɱˣһɵľ֡
ūͥūͰڸ߲ǰ
УռΪžѹ֡
ƻɽǰһ㣬ЩĹв
ˣΣǼЩͳɳƵ
ڸ̧߲ЩѪ˫Ǽ
ܴ衢ܴ裡Ǽҧгݵը졣
ڸ߲ϢҲƾȼգˡ׼ȷ˵һɱ
ǧǰھ֮ūûй
ǧǰӳ衣
ǹھվŵǴ󺺣ŵġǰ˰ʵ׵Ľʿ
죬ʵֻ׸ˣǺ㡣
Էֻһûйְˡ
ٶԭҲ޷ϴˢγ衣
ΨѪҲֻ˵ѪſϴȥһЩ
ɱǼ˫ɨÿһˣǹɼǹɱ⼸Ҫ
ڸ߲ڵͬļͬɱ⡣
ɱ
ź羪κˣͥϿգһޡɱǺ



87 һս֪
ԭȥĵƺӦʲôĿһ۲ԭһ˿â
漴ûһԭء
ԭƥ񿡵ĺԭʮ˶ϲ
˵һɱūɻġ
ȥʣµ£ܷԼС
һߣϣ˾Ϳʼ˸߲ҵ˵
㲻֪˶ô춯صĴ¡
ûȥǿϧˣһһӡ
ЩūһֻֻСǰֻбɱķݡ
ݺūɱĻ̻̣ū󻶼նɱ
ʲôţ㲻Žң
ҿ׳ֻеĹھɱȡ


죬ܿþԭس׷ԭնɱ壬նɱū󻡣
飬Ǵһ㣬þԭǵѪڡ˷ܲѡ
׳ٺܿ졢ʹ˾ԭÿһ˶У⴫
Ψ˷֮࣬üū󻶼ɱ
⡢°ɣ
ܷصУָʾ׼ŷˣЦ绨ӭŵܡ
죬ҲƷ˸٣ֱ죬ſʼ
ʱľԭʵһΡ
ȥʱ˵ʱ󲿷ֶˡ
ɸǿģεǣֻ
ϽɻһЩװԭʵǲ١
µġ׼ȥʱλʳȡĬԵЩԥ
˵ܵ˵ƽĻȴһѹȡݾܾĸоֹĲС
ƺǺ쾭ġ
˳Դǣֱеĵ˴ɱū̫ݣūܿǰ
˫͵Ŀһ۸˳
˳ǰģһֱǳĬԣ겻ʮ꣬Ϊԭг֮ǿ
ʱϲ֮Уܿ㣬ֱԲ˵еӡ
ΣĮ˵һ䣬ˡ
˳һжȻһɹ̣ǰڣΣ

̶ʱ䣬ԾԭΪģһϢԼٶԽԽˡ
ԭһ·ɱԭ壬ꪴū󻡢ʮ
Ϣһһ޴Ķ
塢Ǿ㡣
⼸Ǵÿһж룬ⰤŲԭĲݡ
ݡԼݡݡ£ʼ۵ԽԽ࣬ɵӰԽԽ
һɷ籩ʮݹȥ
ԭû뵽Ȼ׳٣
ǰΨеھ˰۳ūɱȡ
һԭ˵ܣ
Ǿԭǿᣬû뵽ȻǿᣬϧȻҴ󺺹Ա
ôǿ
ϣҪǵ¡
ã˵仹Ǵ󺺹Աȥ̽һ£ܲҽ̣


ʮݸٶԲݾԭͶĿ⣬ɲһ˷ܡ
һս֪
䲻𺳴ʮݣҲ¸ˡ൱һְն֪˾ԭ֡
ͬʱҲһЩĿ¶˸ָĸ
󻶼ˣ
ǰնɱҹ󻡭
ǡ
ʷУԭɫѿ
ڵܻĵ죬֪˵Ϊ
ļʶǸͶū˽⣬ףһѪڵ£Ҳܸܿһ鷳

ĸʵΣūǱ߶Σ
֪Ϣܿȥԭ̽Ϣ
ոմϢū춯ܿܡҪսˡĸɫص
ߣԭҲ̲ס͵վŭȵ
Ų߶ƽʱº͵ɫʱ
ç򡢾һç֪˶Ļ𣿡̲סǿںǳ⡣
ɱūôˣЩҪǲǹˣֱǸҲѡ
Խ˵Խŭɱʹ죬ɽأ
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ˡҲūֻ׷һأȻĸЩȷȰ
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һĬˣܲܣ˵ĻϷ
ǲܣǾԮοּҲҪʱأĸָ
˵öԣū춯ϷԵϱ͢һһصʱ䣬ϵʱ䣬ܻʱ򣿡ԭһȻӴЦ
ԬﻹշͽĸЩǵ
⣬ѱĿշģԬ֪ūҪ֮󣬶ġԭҡͷЦ
ĸ˵ͷ
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88 
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һռؼ㡢ĸۡУӵŵӰԬ֮һ̫ξԬһ˼š
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˽ӹţһĿʮУһ˼ӡҪˣ
ϧˣԬ̾
ôһλǿ½ҪԬ£Ǹöã
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ԬͷǱߴ½Ҫ˼ˡ
ܶ¶Ҫȥգȥƽ⣬ﵽĿģҪķѵľ
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һĳϣȴһš
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飬£޵УָĬĬػ߾˸߽֮ˣҴ󺺳͢򲻿֮İɫ
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¡
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ԭûȥķۣʱԭը˵Ķ䡣
ūҪɺޡ͢Ȼܡ
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û˿ˣԭܼ򵥣͢ܣԭΣ
ʹūգҲһ˾ͿӦԵġ
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뷨Уǰ㶥صĴжӢۣܣԭԼܱ߰ڲˡ
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ݡ
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վǴ󺺹Աﱻˡǳ֮͢͢ѾΪ֮Υ
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ˣҪȥ
游ңֻ˽ǰȥ֮£Ӳ
ǵʵȥ˾Ǹ
ܽɱʹ졢Ҳֵˡ
㡢ߣȥաʱʼ㲻뿪һˡ
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89 ׳ʿ
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ұ߾ɱūΪҵȱԶӲʹˣܸɱһЩūҲֵˡһ׳˼ᶨ
ãҸһȥܶཫʿҲȥֻǰھԶͷһкܶ˸档
áߡ

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ʱܴѾȥһˡ
涼ֵ÷зΪģԭǵȻյϢ
ÿ춼ūǴһǧֽࡣ
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УԭȾԭе֮⣬򣬾󲿷ֶǴӲݸظѪжٲǴظġ
յϢĵһ죬ܾþԭ˳ˡ
ܶ˵ˣҲкܶ˱ʾߣһ𿸣кܶ˱ʾõһͬߡ
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עˣҹҺ氡Щε
棿ʲôͯոԼҹ˺üӾԭаľԭˣǹ⣬²
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Ҫһλۡ
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90 һ֡ؾ
ԭܱ߳ǳ֮УԽָ֣ˡӡ
ֵաȵۣΪƬԽԽžѹֵأһݻ
ԭǳطĿУԼԼ٣һݲʡ⡢߷ߡ
ΪָԭûȥǳУΪѪɱ
ֻ￴ţΪԭǰ׳ʿС
Ҳһźֻˡ
۵ˣԽԽ档
ڣ˵ĿУūˣ

ǧǺεȸ
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ޱߵơɱ⣬座ˣǿԶԶȥеһСҪĸо
˳˳ǳأȴҲֻԶտš
ǧǰ籩Сҡҡ׹Сһľԭǳء
ǳȻѾ˻Ǵ󣬵âеĻһ㣬ʱܱ
ȻǴʱ𣬳ǳҲʱܷ顣
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ΪūǼҽȵȣū߲ǿ߼ڴ˵ء
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ʱūЩӰ֡ѹȥ桢ɱ⣬ǡ
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ĿδһĲһĵĮԵ⡣
סʵĿһǼˣδۿǣƺԷվǰ˵
ʱ˿̣ѹֶİԵм°ǧһӪľƣͷš
ƾǣ
򵥵ĸ֣ƽ̬ȡ
ؼ䣬˶Уȴܵһİм߰
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ܴķ棬ǶоˣħӰĿǡ
涼ǡ
߷ߵǣһȻĸоһ

ǼһЩ߳ŭȣһӡ
ʱǧưʮӰֿһЩ롣
һ˲䣬ǧƣΪʮɣʮɴ֮ӿǼ֮С
䣡
ʮƼǿʮУǿͬĿֲ
ʱ䣬ǰƬգƶʮ֣
ңԶ˿񶯵ʮӰģ񶼱ǿ
ʹǵΰޱߵӰҲסʮֲޱȵơ
̩ɽ˿ͷɡ



91 һս

ûٶķϻһȣūһӰѾֳִ󵶳˵ܣ貵ĵâҫǿϢʹռ̮
˷ӿͬʱʱֵ׼
ĿһƳһ˿УޱȰĽŲǰһֳꪣϲ᲻ءصһ̡
ȴǡôش̵Ǵһƥ
䣡
Ŀ죬ȥĸ죬˵Ϸ飬ֱӵɣһѪǧūʿͬʱѪء
˿˫۵ɴ󡢺ǿ
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ʱʮһҲˡ
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ϢԽгꪺȻֱ̣ٶȿ磬ǿҲȵǼǹǹ⡣
·ԼõģҲ·ǼĬ
ͷֱԡâһ˿һ˿ȣɽײһ
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ɽӵ죬ѾﵽӲķ컭ꪣһ£ǹɷ֮ȴҲ˼ء
ΰ΢΢ζǷ·ɽȶĽŲһһɽˣζռ䡣
Ŀ⣬ūһĲš
ո˵࣬ʵҲǵʯ֮ˣʮȺǿƴء
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ꪺգ̺ɳĳ֮У򿳡
ǧһһʽʱӣǴﵽɵ۷ƥ壬ʹΧٿ񱩣ɰ
ʮк󣬻ǲɱ·磬ʮΧģع
ңԶ˭ǧū˫۵ɴţǷ·ħһ㡢ΧΧΰӰ
һɹ̡ԽԽȼȫ

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Уеذףɷ׵СϾǽšԺ͵ǡ
ңԶ˶Ȼһɻ⣬ûнԭǣǵӰͬ
λкŨһ𺳣ιһأ
ͬʱһЩû¶Ӱˣоַɵĸо
ԭڼԶţмɵ֮ﵽһ塣
ʵǴ󺺳͢ϧۣߣ˭ɱ
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ͬģһɹ̡ͬʽС
ɷ򡢾͸ˡ
Σ̲ס³һ䣬ƺִսһĸо

ܶӰǱ𺳡
ʮİѱģϢԽĿһհƽĮе⣬һɻȼա
ȴУʱҲһɹʡ
Ĳĥںԭһ죬ڴʱӡ
ǲʱһֵҲȫ㡣
һﵽɵΣڵΣڵĲΡ



92 սս
ʱĶ֣ǧ֮ǵ϶ԽһΡ
ȻΪǴ֮֮ȻָʹϵĲ
⡢Ҳʱֻ·Ҫԭ֮
ǿѹ֮£İҲԽԽŨ
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Խ·磬ȻƺʲôᣬĿ֮ɫէ֣ϢѹֵĻ桢һ
䣡
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ңԶ˹սϣεĳţЩ˼ؿˡ
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˵ɫǸӡ
˿·硢սԽսԽǿӰ˵𺳡ĸӡ
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ƾֵķҲﾪ̾𺳵
ԭǳϣһϣޱȵļ
Ȼɿ۴ȣս񣡡
̣׳ʿۣ·˺ߵصźսսս񡭡
ֱ
ŽһĵƴӾԭгˡ
ЩĽûܼȥ
ģǹ̵Ѫ޲ſһ𺰳
ҲΨս֣ǵءݺ޵еΰӰ
ͬʱҲ⣬ñ׼ȴѪ˿壬ϣܸԼ羴֮ͬмϣʤȥ˷ܡݡ顣
ƺһɱ䣬ϵɱ䡣
ǰ˵ƣȻ˰ʮ˰ơ
Լо̾ǰ˲ʵΡ
󣬶Ϊᶨ֧ߣѪĴ



93 һ
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֪ǸʱƣڣѾʼ½
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䣡
ϺԽҡյսܳѹūʮһ˴ǻͻ֮ơԽǿᡣ
ūʿԽԽ࣬ԽԽ졣
Ҳʿһ͡
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УֱٵĴˣղһΪ˴˶ԷöԷٳܲס֮һطһĴд˿˿̾



94 ʤ
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ū˷Ӵܡ
ܱϡܿ˿˿ɱ⣬һٴնɱû˴֮ʮ֮һҪնһ



95 ·
ʱȴūûӣʮӰطһӰֱԱ
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ȴҲʹŲһ٣ʮӰԱֶΣֹĽŲ
ߣϢǰԭϣɵ˴ϲ
ߡɱūһȣ׳ʿѪڵĳɢܵū
սȺ
֪˭һɱū˶ˡ
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һЩĿ⣬ЩӣġҲƿˡ
ƺԼк棬ΪЦЦ
һǵΰӰһգǻʽģʱҲһһֻԹۡ
֣ص˵ԥתȥ

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96 ʹ߼
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ʱһȥԭԽԽ֣ܶ˴˷һλ޵еս
һЩˣֱǰͶ
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ˣֱӴȥۡɣûзϻΫЩõ˵ǰССҲ



97 ķŭ
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ҲԭԼ̫ʢ̫
󵽻˵ԭּгҰʮ̣òӶԴ
תȥܿ㵽⣬µΣɸ֪ˣ
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98 ɵ
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ģǴ˽¹⣬ȴƺĸվڳͷϵӰ
Χƺһһ㡣
һᣬɫˣ˫һƵĺ档
ߵ󣬳羴
Ѿ潫꣬ǹɳ羴ȴǲ
ο̫ƽܵĮӲ˵ϻ
ȻԵЩǧ֮⣬Į
ϰϤ֮󣬷ܸоǹصػֻҪ֣赣Ǳְġ
оǷ·ؼΪᶨǿ֧֡
ɾˣϰ˲ȥԼԸ⽫Լе˼¶⿴ޱĮսǰ
ûж룬ʵʵ˵󣬿ְطġ
ȥأֱֱȥĻϤ
ȴסˣ
û˼һʱЩˣϢʱ䡣
ͼᶨָǡ
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ֱֱȥĵĮȻ˵˵Ĵ£ǹƽȴ·˵ľС¡
ͬҳСһ㡣
һסˣոѾ˳׼̺ڶྪϢ𵴡
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99 ơýʧˣ
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Ͽε˳ŭ𣬵ִ˿˿⣬ǿߡ
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ܶ󳼾Ĵ󳼼ʹܵǣЩˣ˫ȴ¶ϲ
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ܵܣűԳƴҽΪ̫ƽ֮һ
ࡢ졢ġԥݣũ񡢳ֹҵߡ¹ٵȵǧͽתۼӵ
ŽǽЩͽΪʮ󷽰ˣСʮˣÿ˧
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޵ǧĴһʱ侹ҡҡ׹֮ơ
󺧣ܶ걻ģҲò
ʱҲѾף䡢ʵڲš
ֱݺνΪ󽫾־һ¬ֲʸԡyλܽܡΪǰ󺺳͢ʱ伯һǧǰȥѹҡ
ͬʱּʿļأֿƽ
ս𡢷İʼڴʮݱ鲼
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Ƭǧ޵Ϊ֮ԺˣȻЩİˡ
ƺƺҪһ㡣

·ҡս֮ʱݾԭȴǰ
ʹҲû˸̤ԭһΪ֪һλս
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УǴ֮һּٶš
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һꪱһͷģǰƲͣ
ԿѾˣѾȫǵֳꪣһǰˡ
ߣǺãԾ֣޴
УִЩŭ⣬µͬʱꪷꪼǡͣӲǰ
ɫЩ⡢жͷʧơýʧˣ
ûٶ˵ʲôڡ߳µ·ô׵ġ
˵ģ˵ˣʣµֻܿԼ
ꪣתȥĮ׼ʿ
Ӧǡ
ԭʧģ˼ʼϡ
ڽ˵ĸı䡢Ծ֣߳Լµ·ЩҲ֪õġ
ȴҲЩЦΣǿǽܷ֡޹˼ɵĶԽ֣
Ȼ˵ģʦ˵һһ
Ϊ˰
ЩУŲȥ
գ̫ƽƽ֮󲻾ãּʿʮ죬ԭҲʼʿɾ
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սоʱϢ֮޲ϲ˷ӵԭ
ֻǶ̶ʱ䣬ļʮ׳ֹͣˡ
ͬʱһֱŵܵĶԭԷģʮ˻ãҪ췴ӡ
ԭʮһļϣܾͽѾơ
ʵͻƲСﵽɵΣѧϰѾԴһˡ



100 ԭû
ʮװݵȷ档
װ⼸Ļۣδūᣬ㹻򵥵װʮ
ݷȴȱ٣Ļֻۣܶһʱ䡣
Ͼʵ̫ˣʳǲܾ÷ŵţ⡣
Ҫ⼸꣬˽ţܱ߽óףʱһʱĹûС
ԣˡ
ֱݡ
ܺһ˵Ŀ⡣
̫ƽǳ͢棬ڶ෽Ͷ̽üĿ⡣
ЩĿ⣬ܽǲᣬû˻ʱΪѡ
һ磬ٶȼĵݱ߽硣
ΪʮУĵ֮һҲ̫ƽŽǵµص㡣
պ
ݱ߽翿ݡݵĵطһʮƽò״˻Ǵ󣬽пʼɱᡣ
ˡ
ûһᣬʮƽ˫ȷЩ㶡ֵĿų⡣
ֻѰƥ˿СǣԼǰϢ׺Ľʿ
ʮ˫۾ǿһԼˡ
šԭ
սս񣡡

ʮƽСʧеֻԴﵽڵľǣ˾ԭ»˭
ȻûпǴ˵еս񣬵Բд
ʮƽΪ֮﷢ɣѹûдͷ
˵ʮˣ˵ûǴ˵еս񣬵û˸Ҷ
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⼸˲Դ˲ϣѾʮװĴ㹻װʮʮݡ
ƽװʮµĿġ
Զһɽϣһƥ൱ڵɵεıϣŰж
ϧץ˰ԭΧڡзƷϵǡ
ԸֶΣʹЩǳ
Щ꣬۲࣬һԭΪЩǡ
⵱İ׳ʿʱ󲿷֣ҲѾﵽ˷Ʒ
Щģδȫ͵ľԭ
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Ϊ٣ΪʵǿԸӼᶨ룬֧𼯽֮ĹܣϽȺ֮ʵ
Ψһȱ㣬̫齨̫ѣҪԵ츳˲š
ǾһѴҪǵк޾ôôԸϣȥȺ֮
ǰӣֻǧˣǧƥǴﵽƷǧʿ󲿷ֶǴﵽƷʵ
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׿ķܾͬԭ򣬴ͨ
һʵϲµ磬ﵽɳ׿ͨǵ̫٣βɹģ֮ûпͨǵĲ֪ϣܽ
ֽšһ˶һһȥޡ
ȻֹģһЩҲ󲿷ֲࡣ
֪ж
ݣȻĳ͢ŽǶͣ
˵ǾԭֻһЩƸݡɱǵˣǧƽУ̫ƽʦŽǳ
ؽǵġ·һ˳
Žǰüû
˵Ľ٣˼λսûһ㺺ͥ
˼һᣬùǾԭһճǵ鷳
ǡ

Ѿﵽĳ͢УͬõϢ¬ֲüͷλսĶԳ͢ûʲôη͹֮ġ
ģ
Ȼʱ˳û٣ƫƫʱû˸䷢ѡ
˸Žǲ
¬ֲŽĬģûѡսһ̽ŶԷһ߽žԭ
һգۣʱȥˣݡݵȵأƽʳƸ
Դˣ͢һЩңѡһֻ۱һֻۡ
ܿ߻ƽͬˡ
ûԸʱȥλս
ȻһԭҲǵʵ࣬רʮСɵĻƽ첻ɴ˺
ǵͷΧڡ
ڴڼ䣬Ž¬ֲĳ͢ѡ˳š潻ս
ŶԷҲλս
һ죬ܴŰﷵԭѾˣٴȥ͢Žǿ¾̲ȥˡ
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һսʹչ
ڶգ̫ƽǧں֮ڣ¬ֲһﵽٶĳ͢ǰڿһ˵ơ



101 佣ƽǹ
ƣֻɫȴȺӳЩԵޱȵѹ֡
һǧ֮ڣȻװ£Щɢңһ۱ܿں֮ڡ
󲿷Уһļᶨͷ
һֻٶ򣬶룬׳ƺҪѹһУȴҪ̫̫ࡣ
һսϵӣµɢޣѾ˴¡
ҪǾԭսʵ̲ס潫ϳˡ
ʱƬԶ˭Ҳ֪жˣڰУڴ⼸һеһս
Լǧ֮һ֣ΰǶĿԶƬѹֵء
ȷѾԭأȴ뿴һս
롢һ˰лˡ
ٹĳ˫ͻĬһȽߡ
ĿɨһӵвϢӰһ˿

ѹֵؼ䣬˵ǧС
ϢȴѾ˴˽ŽǶһվڰУƽȴ͸ĮŶʮˡ
¬ֲ׿ԴȵȺ죬¬ֲһֽӡԼλģϵˡ
¬ֲԽҽҪ𣿡ΣŽǿˣΪƽʾһɼΪš
Ϊ޵Ҫˣʸš
ߣŽǡʱԸͶڱǰΪԼ䡣¬ֲһ˿ʾ
ޣ¬ֲŽ¶һĨЦ⣬˵Щͷˣ
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ңԶĿ΢
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໥һۣԽʣǰһصĿŽǣ˵ʵĪ⣬ա̡
ȻŽǴЦΪţǵصƣ·»Իͣʥм֣աʹ֮³Ǿԭս֮⣬ҲûҶ֣ȡҹ佣ɡ
Խɫһ䣬Щܣȴ֪ģյŽǡмɰա
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ڹ佣£Ҳ֮ˣԽ˵漴һնŽǡ

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˵һֻǿţһɳͿֲĸоֱͷ
ǰѽֲһ
ܶ൱ۿԭһսˣǾѾֳȵūǼ
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ԽɵΣԶûǼĸʱǼ涼ǿ˺ܶࡣ
⼸˫һŽ˿ңЦЩȻֱһĳ
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䣡
ҵĺըأĿУһâֱ飬ʣԽɫһ䡢ɣ˫˿˿𺳡
ͬ𺳣佣˴֮һʱĶǿ߽ʥԽʹԵĿֲ

¬ֲ˺Ǽλߵüͷĸˡ
Уһ˿ȤЦ⣬߲ε۷壬һְ벽̤һεĸо
ȻΪֹУŽǡȷ
ԽһأпաԳΪһС
ǼϲģһϰɣɱǣұŽԽ߰ĿһɨλߣЦء
¬ֲλ߶һۣͷһ̣¬ֲȵȫ
˵ţ֮ƴǣɵĲΡֱӵΡ
ָȴΪⶼĵϵӣβֻܶ༯һЩ񵱳ǼһӵĲεΡ
ȴҪ򣬶ѹһ
ͬʱһλλ춼ʼ֮ʮϰУٶǧƽȥ
ŽǿǾͶȥ
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ɱ
˻У˫һʯһ󺣣໥ײȥ
ʱϿλ֣صȡһ˳ǹʱһ˭Ϣֱ͸һŨѪζ
漴ͺ¬ֲԽһŽǡ
ƽǹŽĿһǹȻˣϧھǹʸã
˵ţһɲмУŽһĳֱӸˡ
ǹһȣһǹһƴȥ


102 ǿŽ
·Ҫͱķâֱһƣλߺ¬ֲȭƺȻ
Խй佣һɽ¡Ҳ˼£һն
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ĺը죬֮ɫޱ䣬һɫռѺ۳֣ʮɵա
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ôЩʵ𣿽աǱŽɫЩɱ¶
ֻҪɱ⼸ˣͿȨ˵ƣʵԼĻᣡ
һһ죬һŽڵȳ֣һ貵ֱͨԽˡ
Խӭϣգۣĺֲ籩շԲʮ
ŽһͬʱȴǴ˿·硣
·㣬޷սʤ
·ٶѾǧƽɱˡ
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ǸʵԶ纺ʵ̫ˣη֮£ʹԶȴʲô·硣
ɱ
ɱ

пѪȵɱ첻ϷǴսǿȴҲͬġ
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ܿ˼գŽǴʱʵȻﵽɵ߲۷е۷塣
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ʱǳƽǹߡҲ˲ˣƽǹ¬ֲʹá
û̫ã¬ֲһµʱ䶼ûУӲ
ӵɵڰ˲ʵŽǣʵֲ֮ǴʱԽ˿ɱȡ
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ʱ䣬Խ˾᧿Σ
ֳսƽʿԬϣȴһüһ˫Щڴ
һѪһλϱˣλʼֳƽǹĺһҧóһСӡ



103 Ž
ʱ䣬Ԭϣ˫һ˿â
в֪ˣ˫۵ɴЩ
ŽɫһŨŨأ̼䲻ԾĲϡ
ǺϼΪش򿪺ӣһӴ͸ޱȾԼϢԼ
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赣

Ȼóˣ

սңԶ˾
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䣡
޾ĺը죬ŽǵٶǿǱ̫ƽŵȡõ֮ҲŽֶΡ

ͬʱϣһŭ𣬳ɫĹâʢΣɳŽǡ
Ҫ˴߶ԴǴ֮
ֻҪ󺺻ʵɡ

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һеĺ˿Զ룬ɵֱһڵĿռ֡
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Žɫ԰ޱȣϢȻǰǿ󣬵ȴǸһǿиɵĸо
ԶԼսϣ˾󣬺ܶɫһ˿˿ϲ𣬿ǵķ
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ֻǼλϡԽˣ¶ޱȵĵǣһĨݡ
Žǡ˫һɱʡ
УҲǡ
Ըо󺺵֮һңѹ֮Ҳ͡
ֿһսתȥ
ѾûбҪٿˡ
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Ĵ֮ѾŽش˽һ롣
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Žǣش˴ˣҲˡ

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¬ֲԽûٳ֣ŽǾǽҰޣΪΣա
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Ů¡ҡҡף滨СǼᶨ˿˿⡣
ŽҡҡͷһĨʹ塢壬ΪȥԭΨһԱӻĵط
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ôĽɢ£סֻЩǿŵģ˽Բš
֯ԽΪĳ͡
ЩġߵͿԼ뷨ˡ
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֪̫ƽ߲УһЩĻĵġ
û뵽ŽУôǲŵġ
˵̫ƽʮ˧УսģȻʮֵÿš
ֱֱǲ˼顣
ŽǿŮ𾪣¶ЩʺˡҲ֪׳󲿷ֶҳס򲻿ǡ
⡭𺳣ҳе̿ʮˣҼȻ֪Ϊʲô׻ǣ
ƺһ۾ͿŮʲôŽЩεͱЩӵֻܵͣܽһԴ
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Ҳȵɹ֮Ǿǵĺóӣ𣿡
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ո𾪶ֹסˮֿʼˡ
ŽֶһЩû˵ʲô
Ŀǵķһ˿˿
һЩѹ֡̾ϢʦĿʲôأ



104 ɴ
һս֮ĵʮһ졣
ǡ
ҲվСŽǴЦ鷽ԲǧһħӰ˺Ӫ
漴һըʣͬʱһŭ

ˡҲǵ汳

ܻصԭܿϢŽһ˶սԽˣס˺ǧƽûӳ˷ɢȥ
󣬺һλϱŽƴԽˣҸӸˡ
ĬĬ˼һ󣬱˻ƽ֮£Ŀ˳ɽ涨
ѾһۣڹԵءϯ
ӣܱͬʱලѵʮӿĲ֡
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ȻԭڹƵĻƽŽ̴ơ
ұЩɢҵڶಿӣɢˣûȷʾǹΪ˼ȴˡ
űеҲϱ͢һ

ԭٶ
ʮӰ׷ɱһλŮӣ˸䣬ʱľͻйŮϡ
ŮӱͰɫøס
Ϣ̲סһѪ³ȴҧŬԭȥ
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ŮӸˣٴδŽ֮Ůر׸ս񡫡
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Ǵӳ͢׷ɱġ
ܻΪŽǵĶŮȴǲС
ʱ̫̫Ǻܶ׽֮͵ġ

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㸸˺嵭ĵĮ
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ӽסھԭСڣ䵭ĮеޱȰĵˡ
һʱ֧Ųסʶԣˤȥ


105 վߵʵ
۽Բ΢˿صڵϡ
˼һнõһɳڣʱ˹
ߡоĵ䵭ʱȴһ֮󡢾һ˿˿ί
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ʹϵĸԼҪǿЩ˫ֲϺݺݲǲֵǮˮȴԽԽࡢԽԽࡣ
ڣҲֲסͷȥʹ޳סؿļƺҪйʱеʹࡣ
ţԺУһλ˹ȥһţ䣡
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ܸۡ⣬˰ʱ䣬ܷظۡʱƽᶨߵǰֱӹȥԸ׷潫
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ӦҲЩϲãֵܽµĶܺá
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ȵΪԼסһߣȲʶ̽С
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ϸһȴֻһƣѧϰƣȴֻ½ƵѪ֮ѪԴ򿪡
Խ棬ϴƣ漴ŽЩӵ𣺡վǲԸƽĹһӣ
ҲǣƽĹһӣֻǵһԸΪıӻƽ

ˣŽǵŮȻǲƽġ
㽫򽻸ʵԻֵᷢµؽƣѡͶͽ㡣
סȻ㲻ƽǾҪʵֻʵܰȫ
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ԭʵƽȻ㲻Ը⣬Ǿʵǵʵ
ߡվʵ
ո¶Ĳ޵ֿˣ޵Сһ㡣
ڶ죬ʰһУ˵ܣ


106 Ⱥɺ
ܽӹĶ΢һĿ⶯˿
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ŽǸʧߣȴʤ󲿷ˡ
ȻҽһСѹϡ
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ҼȻһһжóǾ͸Ҫٶ˵ʲô
ҲŽǵĸ֮˵ʱ˵ȫá
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һʱգԭʼһЩ
ƴʮӽѵѾʼȥһЩƽˡ
¼ԻƽΪŵ̫̫࣬󲿷ֶǲɻȥ񣬻ЩҰĵĺ˵ȵɡ
ʮȻ½ƴţ͵ܵսЩƽû⡣
Ҳֻսķ
ͬʱܵһ˹ͳ죬ȥϵ̫ƽĵ֯ҪǶǱ
ݣҪս졢ʱַңܼ򵥡
ʱţһʱչȥ¼ܶ½½Ͷ˳͢͢ҲܡǴ󲿷һְ
糣ɽ涨һһΪĺɽһΪԶ
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Ȼǲһʱ䣬ʮսȫͣϢƺƵĻƽ壬̶±㱻ƽ

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Ǿһһϰȥˡ
ֻʣһ󺺡ʵ
Щ׼ˣѾʼ
ԭԭ
ھԭͬʱĵܣҲǾһ


107 ԬҪˣ
ʱ䡣
ۿŴ󺺱һɹѪ˥ܵľ󣬵ȻҲЩеһɡ
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⼸У벢ݴʷԭн档
ԭҲͰͲסٷչԼʵ
ݵش߾ֵƶҺ٣ΨһĶ֡ǵܡ
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󣬱ǵȴȴԭȥ

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ˣΪҪԬֻ֮ҪǼҲ֣Կʰ


108 ȡ
ţ´ܿ졢ԭЩķ£뾩
ͬʱһطһ֧ɸ߾ܵǧӣԼٶȣǸȥ
ΪһĿ֮˴ֿɫг˷֮⣬һĨ
ߺߣңǾͿ˭ǳܿܣ

е£ûȥܣԭȥ̣֮ԭӪ֮Уһٿˡ
쳣صľУ˳ơȡԡκɡܰˣɫޱ£֮⡢һλɫЩ԰׵վϷڽ֮ס
䡢󲿷˻˿˷ܡ
ܸϷΣϤƽ𣺡ơ
ĩڡ
ʮȡ˷ȫ
˫һĨ֣ĩ
˳ʮȡȫ
ĩ
ȡʮȡԭء
ĩ
汾ȡȫ
ĩ
Ϸ־šߺȫ֡󣬵ܿλӡ
˫·һĨȼգϷ־
򵥡ֱӵһֱֹͣĥµľԭڶԭ뿪죬Լʮ·
ȡ˷˳ҹȡУȴȡԭء
¹ӿ
ͬʱݳɽ涨һ֧ģһʮҵĴ벢ݷֱ̫ԭſȥ
Ȼ䣬ݷͻ䣬ݾſ˴ս
˷
еţսƣ̿ͶݹҵȱŶʮ˷֮һĹأȡ
սµһƣҪȡǹ𣿡
ô죿ѵҪս˴ҿɲ롣
Ҳ롣

ǽϣ͸žź;η
ˣս֮£ǲݱ߾֮ء
˷ԭСһߵĿΪΧĿı߾֮ء
սĿһδγսУ֪Ŀ˵Ϊ˱Ѫ
ĿûмԸԡ̡
οЩڱ߾ȵƣǶʮؽǲҴ
ûзϻ͹һʹؾͶˡ
ǶǱԵսҪǾȥɡ
Ʊһ·񣬼ûκεֿģ˷¡
˼£سǵĽʿӲǴͱƹ£Ѻ˷̫صȹԱ
Ȼٻ˼գȡأһʮʱ䣬ȡ˷ȫ
˷ͶĶʮ
ͬʱȡпĸ˳ԭصĺȣͬɡ
û˸սս֮
ȻҪģǶԭʱ˼ĸʹ󲿷ֵľӡ
ʣµģȻҲͲҵֿˡ
ȡ֮󣬸˳Ҳһٿڴ
һλλЩ꣬յˣʼһЩڵµĹְ
Թȡȫĵܣɣ֮ûжȫͶ
ʱ乥ȫκȫӿ
󣬵ܼϿ
̶һʱ䣬󲿷ִհڵĲݣԵλս;Եʵûκεĵֿ֮ſȫ¡
Ϣ˷ȴ⼸췴飬ΪеĿ⣬ǡ

붡ԭߺĵʮ졣
̫ԭС
ԭȵĴʷѾΪ
ۡУʮɫ˷ܡƽ
ܸףϵϢӰԵһЩɵ𣺡ƣʮϿ
ĩ
ɣʮſ

࣬ʮϹǧǨݡ
ĩ

һܿɵ´ɺļ룬սĸرܴʱ˴Լʮ
Ȼ˰Ƶʮ֮⣬ߣԲǶྫ񣬱ϾװС
ͳһ֮ģҲơɡˣ˳Ҳһ
ãʣˡ
ܺϷ־š
ھʩд˷»ĶҡϷ־ɫȻ
Ȼ֪ЧûУҪ˵ְ
ݸոչȡҺ٣Ҳڶԣʵһǲٵġ
ҪһĲݡܵĮĿλǰͶĴš
һλԸޱȹִĶ˲š
Ȳ˵ִ־֪ˡ
ʱǼ˳ƶ
ΪִʲôزǷ񡢰ʲôز
˲֮ˣҲѹּʹڵǰǳ֮С
ȻҲΪݷ񡢰ԼƶŻͶ
Ϸ־˵ܵĻҪģһȫĲݡ
գ
ΪͶģ֮عûб伸
ȫգ
У󲿷ֿɶǵ֮˵ε̫غ
ʹ˾ӣҲȫղݡ
ңҪǮ
һ˼Ϸ־˫ƺ˿˿棺ǣˡ
ȥɣպʽСƽ
ǡϷ־ȥ
ܸѾӴһ̶ȵ֮Ϳʼ


109 
ܿ죬ֻҪ˲ݣһţͿЩ֮ǿԼ
ʵʵݣѾȡӴ֮
ٶ̫̫ϾԲ˳ܶණͲС
ûǸʱȥ
պ
Ƶ˶Ѿﵽأ˲׼Ͽӿ˳ϵſ
ʮյˣ̫ͨƽõһЩˣȻ̫࣬Ҳٶλһңְλȫû⡣
ǵ֮أٶλԱҲǰ˸ء
һգϿſӿϵԼ̫ԭУˡ
ֱӳһЩãץȡеĹ
󵨣ʲôˣôá
ƾʲôץ٣Ѿ˳սˣ
ǳ¼֮ˣʲô

̫ءʮֱӱ
⼸еĵ֯ͽЩˣ
󣬵ȥĹԱΪµ̫ءһЩ
ټյ˱ץԱյ̰٣նɱЩԱ
һЩ֮ˡ
ЩεĹԱһ£ʱǷơ
ܰո״˭Ը档
ţЩǳо˸ˣĶЩصĺǿŮռء
û˵ش֮£ѹЩǿ
󣬵նɱ
ǳУСңͬ󣬾ֱӶɱɱóҳҡ
ߣȻУƵڣˡ
СУǿģҲɵڶΰˡ
ڣͱһ㣬ܶն״ڶǿң˸ˡ
ԭҺͺǿĻ֮£ӣЩҲô׸״ģ¡
ǲݡ
һλս
ʱ䣬սͳ˲ݵս񡢱ǱܵšΡλݱ
ԣǸ״ˡ
Լĵ˵˿ڲ࣬Ҳҡ
Ҳ࣬ȴҲʮңǿټҡ
Ϊж٣
ûһ룬ȴҲˡ
ֻ̫ԭϿšӡϵ忤ʵϣҺǿҲǼֲ⼸С
Ͼԭ˷Ŀڱ߾ûǿҲˡ
ˣŰǵĸ״ЩԱƵĶץˣոƽĲݣˡ
Ϣ忤طս
һЩΪ˵ҡǿԼϲܵҺǿ̶ɱ˳ǳؽ򼯽ڼҶǳء
ͬʱ֪ͨ͢ս췴ˣ
սٴȼ𣬵ܵɱѹߡһɸɱۡ
ղݵֶΡ
ùķʽɱһЩΪġԼĵҺǿǿͳ
Ȼܶңں
һѪȵɱڲ
ʮĵܣЩѵҡǿǸٹ̡
ˣ¶֮¡
ھԵʵ֮£Ҳֻбɱķݡ
Ϊ֮£еڲݵԡûжٰո档
ܸûԳ֣Ƶ˾ͺЩҺͺǿ
ʮһ죬еңȫ
а֮Һҡ
ҸһλѾﵽĲεǿߣվǲһ
ƽһ˶ʮĸңͽʮǿ
ݶʱΪ֮һ壬еȫΣЩ㣬Ҳ˴ĲƸ
ȻҲѾš
ûֻɱΪģûվǵˡ
Ǿ仰ں
һĵط֮һݣҪǶվҲӲҵա
ȻҲΪǲݣ쳣ߣŻ˿
Ժطǿңӵ˲̣ǿʵȻõġ
ѹˡѹˡ
Ϥ·
ٴƽ¿ʼشһ´
ǽһʱȥڶԭ뿪ݵº󣬵ڲݳˡ
Գ
һ죬ϿձĴ˳һࡣ
졣
һԭܶĿĲݣ¡
áݶ
˽Թȡݡͬ췴»һ¡
ɳټϹ֮¡
Ȼס
ǣҲֻ
ûַܣΪʵΪеĿⶼԽӿǡ
в˾̾λսʵ˸ʱ
ȵԸʱڲݵţѾԸϼˡ
ҲǴӳʼϷ־ŵˣԼϵϢԽԽֲˣ
һһ죡
ʵǼˣǷԵʱģϾһڡ
ȴֹˡ
ϵô꣬󺺳ƳԸھԭзչ顣
Ҳֹã׼̫ᶨ
ܳʮ죬¶áһӲˡ
ΪеáǶȥ
λ˴ةĶ׿һ춯صĴ£Ȼٵ磬ЭΪۡ
ȻѾûȥܵܡ
񣬲ʲô뷨
Ǵ󺺹Ա񣬶ʹ׿
վǴ󺺹Ա췴췴˶ˣֻ̫죬ֱΪһһĴӢۣʹ
ɶ׿Ͳһˡ


110 
׿ǳ
·ϣԳ治顣
ȫͬĸ
εȨ죿
ǿ֧Ŵ󺺣Ϊ֧ɱ鳼
ڵǰУΪʲôĩô۲ҳ
ԭܼ򵥣ǶǴ󺺳ӣһģǾı棬Գıռ壬ǳͷǺڰеһյơ
ʿӰá˭ޱ񷴳ȻҪġ
췴ͳı
Ƚ췴ıӴ治
ûٰջŽһֻˡ
еĸǲͬġ
Ҫǵ̫죬һֱǵֿĴӢۣ췴ҲôĺȻҪҲ
ϾʵϣôҳƳȴŴôεж
֪ģֻ͢覹˼
Ϸ־һ׼Ǿ̫ͻأ
׿ϵۣˡһ
ҲʱӿȵǣƵһ۷塣
ûȥעܣǡʱһɲĴУ˲¹ͷ
áУһ졣
ةฮ
ոз֮¡ĿĶ׿ӵһϢʱɫϢֲޱȡ
˵Ԭˣ
ة࣬ǵġ·ŵһоص
˴󺺻ʵۣ׿ʱȻﵽһ۷塣
˭ˣλǿ޵Ĵˣ⼸˶پ֮¡
ǰ󽫾νɵͬбȨ˶һȨ
ȻЦģһȺ¹ĻֻйԼ²⡣
󣬻¹ٱһְСԬܴˡ
Ȼλة࣬뾩ˡ
ԷܾΪŪȨı˺νıȨת۱䲻Ŀٸɵ˶ԭ˵ϡ
£һֲݾ󲿶ӵ󣬸˹ע¡
ǧֳֹܾ佣ԽкҼλϡ
λȫԽˣҼʹԴһӶ˶׿
ʱܵ췴ڶ׿£ôĿ
Ȼ׿Ϊةࡣ
ʱĶ׿˵ǿ޵Уѹǡ
ǧԬ뿪ǡ
ǳˣԬһִ֮һ
ֲϢ׼Աһݡ˫Щ̺һƬӿˣةϢŭ
׿ϢȶӡɫΪصԬߡ͸鷳ˣǡǻЩСԬˡ
ΪǵӣǶ׿Ůһĸ£ǣҲĳıߣö׿н֮
ͷƽҲһصԬվԬңʹ󲿷ֶѾҲԬܡ
Ҳ˵Ԭʧˡˣ
׿Ŀһ塣
΢΢һЦݲȵԬԼһЩ֣֮ϣǲ뱳ҳӵͽǡ
Ȼǵϡ
ԬȥϣԬǣ޷ûıȡҼһЩ
ة֮ԭǿƴԽˣ˼ԬҺԬ֪ûлᣬֻܱ¶һЩԬߡ
ⲻ˵Ԭʧˡ𣿡
׿ͷ¶ЩŵЦ⡣
ô꣬ǲһԬʧܣȻǸˡ
ةҲ̫ʹԬûܣҲһԬһսǲɱġԽԽƽҲԽԽ͸һɭɭһһ㡣
׿ɫȻ
մʮУΪĵ˾ݣ볯͢ӵǿʵ
塢ʵȫռݡ
һȹĬϽִƳ͢
Ǿһʰˡ
ʱ˵ıԬңϧһд۵ıΪ˼¡
һıȡµԬңǲͬģһδȹ֮ǰҳӵ
Ҫ
ʱҲһν͢ϴ̤
һսǾԲɱġ
Ӯˣлȡ£ˡȻö˵
ֻлǺܲˬоɱǸúúһˡ
˵ͷԬܣڲ⡣
ˡȻ׿ʲôüλսȡݳο
ɫ΢λսǸʵɲ⣬պǵĴС
˶٣Цˣڡ˵ȴǺ¡
׿ͷǹȡݣٴμ֮Խ˲١
˲ĿȥΪЩѹ
ǶԷ췴ǾͲʱ򣬰Ԭҵ˶ԸǺ¡
Щˬһλս¾ǿһУ֪ᱻԬҵ˼ȶԸࡣ
Ȼռݳ͢ҲӦԬҵ˵Ĺ
ԶϾ˼ô޿ֵĹȡݳ
ߣռǵıˣ
Ŀ⶯˶ةҲصǣ
ݹЩ£ǳ֮սվԭѵзչƽ֮ҳû١Լιȡݡ
˵۹⾪˵׼ȷһֱ˵ĵ֮ϡǿԼȥԸҲȱ㡣
ǿ˵׿ʱ˷ˣ˫۷Ŀ塣



111 ׿໥
Ӳ˵Ǹһ֮ˡڵľԭս
ܵģһּɵͼʡ
ûˣɵ˵
ʣǼңڣӲÿ˭ɫñ˿ɫ
ộ֪˶װ˶ٴӣ˽֮
ս֮ƣӲ˵˵ġ
֣ͿԿλޱȵķˡ
˭޷ᡣ
ڻˣβĽʣ
Ŀʹŵһ㡢ǰ
׿ü˼
Ȼогܣ˭ֻҪЩԶĿģ֪ҷչԼ
λս񣬴ӵ굽ڣȴһֱҳƳѡ
γԼУҲǿӲ˭ЭǷݰͬҲǸ˫
һȱ㣬Ըȱ㡣
ɷǺܣʵ̫ˣ׿Цͷͬ
ȶ׿Цżڶĵ̫ǳˣ
ة಻ͬةճ͢ĵֻ̣Լ
ǹ֮£֪İԵҪȫһݣ˱ǵҡ
Щ֮£мûУ
Ϊ󺺻ڣȥͶϾΪһ½ɽƴãڱʮϡ
̫ƽЩ̣֧Ųáĵö׿ϲɫԽԽŨ
ǹȻĿȱһλսȱ㣬Ϊǡ׿Ц
һһֱâѹˣ֪ȱ㡢ԼȻ쳣ĸˡ
ЦЦл׿佱Щλսȴõİ֡
ޣ׿Ŀһüͷɿͷ𣿡
ϣǵˣȻҪġݹŵ
ǰǵĴڣİӣΪĿ⣬ԲΧ׿̾
ֻҪڣǸλõˣһĿ
Ȼ֪Щˬˡ
ȻҲ֪أ¡Ҫ̫ࡣ
ĴڣҲǣһսڡҲڱΧ
һ³
׿˵ͷкȻһֹĸо
λִƳ͢ˣͳ͢ʱĵˣȻ໥ˡ
ǡ
Ǻã׿ᶨȹȥѵһزһС
ة࣬Ȼһսز⣬ҲԼԷʵȻ˵
˵׿Ŀ΢
ַλһһ㣬ŴʱͻҵĴ󺺡

ܿ죬͢һ𥡢ׁƵ˷׷ױλ
̫صְλһѵķ˳ȥ
ԬܡԬˣְλ
ЩְλһôʱͻҵĴ󺺣ӻˡ
ܶ˶ȨԶ׿С˺ܶࡣ
ݡ
ոӵݲû졢ڼԬܾյϢͶԶ׿ѾҧгݵɸǴޡ
׿öļƲߣҪøæȨӶȥԸıʿ
뼯¾Ҫˣ̵ͷ
һʲӰڣ䣬׿ļıʽ
ò˵ԬҵĿֲ
Ϳʼ׼Ԭңʵ̫ۺˣһӰǵ˽ܡ
ѱã˫ݵġ
Ԭһóѣλٱϵø֮һɱܶ˺ҡ


Ŷ׿һϵжһƬӿӿ
˳Ȩ׳Լ
ݴ̡
߾֮أȻûжپȥעˡ
ԵΪ׵ĴԱæµѣԱ̫ˣ˵вŵģ̫ˡ
ΪˣѾ󺺡
ֻҪһ֮ߣͿǰ̣ͨ󣬱Ϊ١
ȻҲһЩ𶯣ʱ̡̫̫ңⲢѾһˣû˸ױѴ󺺡
Գ˲֮֮⣬֮޼
ˣҲȷ˺ü֮š
ҪСһˣһ
ϾȻһسǳǳ˲࣬ΪǴ̫ѣǳؽ̫󣬳Ҳסôˡ
һصˣ󲿷ֶҲǹܵġ
֮ţѾܲˡ
Ҫ˿ڹ࣬˲ҲӦĶࡣ
µ̹Уû㹻
ҲΪһЩҺǿǹٵԭĿ顣
ȻҲں
Ӳȱ˭޷תġ
ȻæЩȻЩֻǸѼϼܣ֮λ̵ȷźõһȥһĥ󺺵ӡǡ
һ졣
ϣ׿ˡɵڴһӰߵ˽ǰƽ˵
ȥյѾ̫̫࣬Ϊһϸĵִ֯ߡ
ޱľСϣԶڻ
Ŀ΢һˡ
£ĬĬ
ûжãҲϢ׿ˡ
󣬶׿ʽﵽ̹ľǡ


112 ͬˡ
ˡϷ־ԶЦݡ
Ϸ˲ҵȾЦ⣬ͬ
˿ˣ롢ڵڡϷ־һ
롣΢£Ҳ˵ģ˾ͺá
߽̫ΰĴȴȻޱȵѹ֡
·һ̤һΪϵĵط
ȫ硣
֮󺺻ʹ˲֪٣ƺÿһ˿ռ䣬̺϶֡
౾ܵ΢΢ͷӶôֱͦϷ־ߵʱһΡͬս˫ֹסĸ˿˿η
ͬʱҲȻˣδϣȫǴλսɢġ
˲֮е⣬һ˭ΨҶİ
ؼ䣬ӰģһеĴڡ
ĸоȴʱվ۷Ķ׿Ҫֲ
ǿѹо΢΢һ⳼ʹ
һԣϷ־˫һ˿⣬̶һ仰˵˶׿ǳϴݵġ
ʱ׿Ǵźͥ
׿£ϷܵĮϵޱȵÿһ䡣
ԴӽԺһϢٲκεı
Ϸ־ŵ˶еޱȵѹ־ηϰˣҲ͸һǰǸеġ
΢΢һֱӡ΢ЩӦ
̷ӦʶĴЩ˵ةǰǽһº֮ꡣ
һԣϷ־˫˷֮ɫȻѾıõ飬׿һʼֱôһݴ񣬻еЩȡ
Ͼһ̹ͥݵλ̣ϣ̾ʽȶˡ
°յӡҲһ췴ߣһʽĹҡ
ͬʱЩΪҵĳӣҲͲռŴˡ
˵ݳϣڴ˵ǷǳҪ顣
εꣿϷ˫ǲ˵
ˡûԥֱ˵
֮ǰ׿ŵڶѾеһУˣ˵
˵ﵭĮ³һ֣ǹɰŨˣ
ة󺺣ͬˣ໥϶Էĵλ໥ͬʱͬˣһѣһȫ
ʱ˵Ļжôء
ص»ڳ󺺵档
൱ȥôһ̡ҡ
žžСǹԽŨ
ĵײԽЩ̤ʵڡǸ߸ϵٴ
ãͬˣȥ߶׿ºͬʱѸ¡
ǣˡ

ȥϷ־¶ЦݣŵЦϲϡϲϣҵɡ
ǹһĨЦ⣬ǵա촽ʹЦҲһĨ
ϣȥˡϷ־ſס
ܻ֣Ϸ־˳ֱȥұȥϢࡣ
ԼѾ£һ£ȴҪȥġ
ʮպǴ󺺻ʹС
һϳŭӶ׿ŭɽߵغȵ췴ȡҴ󺺲֮أʵҴ֮Уˣ
Ҵٴλصսʱڣ
ʱһķ
׿ɫԽԽȻֲǿƱɨʱ䣬һƬ
ôˣͳֿУ׿絶Ŀ⣬һһɨÿˣڣΪҴ󺺵ֵԡ
ȵǿ޲ѡ
ڶ󳼵Ŀ⣬Ц
ǿޣ
ˣôˡ׿һԾ漴ѹеĲϧ˫˸ӢţҴ깫úʣΪ
ɣ
кβɣˡ漴߳˴
뵽λѾ鲻ӡһĹҪ͸ǸЩʹ졣
û취ҲԷҪֻˣܼ˵ʵԣ˽̹Ĵڡ
Ͼǿҹˣ
ֻԷͻ鷳Ȼֻӣ»֪ô
ߡ
ţԺһȫ³

׿ߺ󣬰ٹٽɢȥ
˵Ŀ⿴ԬЩ죬оͰ롣
ܿԬڼѹŷŭ
Ҳ⣬׿ʱģŭ
ֶ˸ȻѾʲôԼ
Ըһ׿ãټһλս񡭡
ԬעҪͷۣҲעҪĴۣȥ˵¸Ը׿ܻҪ
Ȼп϶кܶˡҲԸ˵ġ
ǶûԬҼϾԬʵǿǸλҲ࣬ȻҲ
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Դ̵ĹСͬҲǿࡣ
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˫Ȼǩ˹ͬ˵ԼöԷæǵȻҪԷһЩô
˫Զ׿ࡣ


114 ιء
Ƕةĳ⣿οһ񵥣ַһߣЩЦ
ЩЦȴǹŹ֣жʱ˶ԷǸ⡣
ﲻһ̰ġ
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һ˵ĹΡƺ治ѣ
׿ڽЩȺ̾ϢΡ
ȻǶ֪ƥģֻûѱˡ



115 ó
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ͬʱĳǿߡ
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ţ˳
׿ҡҡͷ֮Ӧֻ˲²⣬ǿҲûﵽһ

һߣصפӪأȥΪ̹õ֮ĶξͿڵϣλة໹ǲ򵥰
һԣЩĿŹΣ䲻ǵһ֪Ƕλ̹³ֵسе˿˿ɵ
ܿһ˵ն϶Է֪ĺΪʲô¾ˡ
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ε˵ͷ˫˼û˵в֪ʲô
һԵƣһ۷
Ȼǿ


116 ۲
ڶ׿ʱͬھһϯ
ʮ·ۣʹѾһӰǿϢǳʣ쳣ࡣ
ºܶ˶̸Ц
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ءһˣɫǺ죬Ӧһͷ졣
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ȷǲѾﵽɵΡ



117 ޵ĵ
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ѾҪնµڶιϣ׿ɫ

һȣгն
Ǳ佣б貹âֱնʮգ۾͹˴롣
ֻҪɱۣһһն
ͬʱƽ̨ϣһЩҲŭˣŭȶ׿
Ⱦ׼õĶ׿˸ֹ
üͷһ壬ܵǿֲĽ⣬ʱȥܿһ
ǰȻĿۣͻιϵĶ׿
׿ŭˮȴҲûٶ֡
һ̣ǱߣĴ
𣡣
ǧڶݵİʿ
ǵɫӰĿд˿˿η
Щޡͻȡ
һȻ͵Ϯ޳ܡһĲߡɫ̴ȵ
漴಻
׿ɫˣ۴һεطɻػιϣϥµĩةඪˣ
ߣ¡׿ЩŭҲû˵ʲô
ֻǺݺݵһ۹𣬱ƽ̨ϴ޳֮ˣܲ٣

й佣յĽ˲٣޲ԼھԳ֣Щͨͨնɱ


118 ʤ
ةࡣ
ȻĴ𣬶׿ʱ侲ʱô̳֣
ݡʿȵȷ涼ʡ

֣Ӧ˹ǰȻûиǿˣ֮ȴˡ
ûڣͼǹѾߵ˫ĿѾȫ
һŨ˼㣬ƶȻֱ˲һš
ǻιϣƽ̨ϣǧʿĿһ𡢿ǵΰӰ
Ӷսս
һתڷɣ֣ءᶨĴȻըС
˵ľһܣĿ⾼ĿǵΰޱߵӰ
׿ԾЩšԼ˷ʱʮ꣬ٴսս֮ˣ
ƽ̨ϣһӰϢ˿˫սȻ䲻֪ԽԽŨ
еģ֪ԼλԵһս󣬱һֱһԸ
սս
ֹǶܣߵͬˡ
ֹΣա
Աߣͷ۵ŷһ˷ܡƺ޲̷ɳȥȥԼҶվһ
ؼž䣬еĿУǵΰӰȴû˿仯ޱŵĮϵֻǾš
һС

ڣĮ³
ǡӦȻǰһƽϡ˿˿սӿٷ
ʮϢʱǰǹһָһɷ·Ҫ񷡢ޱȷƳ˿ʤһ֣ɫȻᶨɽսϡȴҡ
üͷһһɫͬȻá
ûдǰˣͻûʸȥս۷壬ųĴָ˼֣ǹٴһ̶ȡ
ơµһ󽫣
ƽ̨ϣһɣ䲻Щźû֣Ҳʧһġ
漴˿˵ơ
߾֮أ˵֮⣬ԭΪҫۣȻ˵Ŀ⡣
һСС֮󣬱ѸٰеĿӰ
ֻͣϢȳˣոջ֮£Էǳóơ
һܱܴԭ֮һɹơ
ոԹ𿪿սڿʼƣٵȥֻԿ
ǹƿգȥֻһ̣ʱǹһǹ⣬ҫޱ鶯貵Ĺâ
˫ٴһг裬ϺȻ¡

֡財޵µĵ⣬ʹ˵۾
ƺһж赲
ɫȻһֻʱܸо嫵ѹ
ǿ
ǿľˣ
ǡ
˫һĨ֣ǿʱԣʲô
ǹȥɫǹ·һȻ˵һ㡣

䣡
޵ը죬ռȻһ٣漴ҵĺըʡ
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ɫΪˣгһתٴն¡
˿ȵһ
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䣡
һξײ˻ûüӳ貵ĵ֣Ȼն¡
ǿ߿Ѿ˫ȭգվ
ɫҲأгǹδ̳

أǹɷ֮⻮ƾ
ʮɣƸǺ˽ɡ
ڣƽ̨ϼǿ߽üͷ
硢Σˡŷɫ۶Թʵ˽⣬֮¡ȡ
óƣ֮ǿ̲
ǿ֮󡢶Щ˥䡣
ǰֱҪԳҲͰˡ
Եģƣ£ʹʵҪǿһЩ
˥䣬Ի䡣
˫ס˽ɫȻѾ˳׼
Ȼһȶ壬ƾͿٳ˹𣬸ָʱ䡣
ǹ鶯ǳһɷ֮ϵĸ߽࣬·һֻˡپ졣
ɫأҲ˿塣
趯ûиղŵ޵֮ƣҲ糤ϲƴ
䣡
ǹϽҵĺըգȻģǹѹ˵ơ
ιϡ
ãԽȻµһ֣׿ЦĿǻȡ̰֮⡣
Ľǳͽ˭ϲ
ƽ̨ϣҲĿ¶֮⡣
ĺײУкһǹ̳Ѫˡ
׼׷ʱƽ̨ѾһȣҶ硣
һɺڷ缫ٶ룬ûа䵽ǰɱ˹Ҳûٳֻ֣Ǿš
ܿ죬һλì׳󺺳ڹߣǿƾ춯أ˿ȹ
Ϣһλ׵ĳֽӳ֡
˵Ŀۣ׿ڵŹ𡢻ŷɣ˫еĻȸŨˡ
λǿߣ
ԬܶЩĽˣοˡ
Ұˣ۾
һ˲ٴӣԸսս񡢴
ԵԭһսۿǸ󣬱ĵ׵뷨
û뵽ȴԷ´󽫶򲻹
û˵ʲôʤʤҲȷʤ
ҹغʿҲȥ
һƣ򡣡ŷƳǵΰӰȵ



119 
ܡ
һ֪ŷûʲô˼ֻǿܱܵ鲻ѣԲΪͷ
ƸոոսһʤȴҲս
ǻ˾Լֵǳ֮Σˣ
Ȼս֮ʱսҲûʲôս˭Ĵ󲻴
ǲ롣
һҲֹŷɣҲԸˡ
ֵܵһγȺĿУҪġ
ʹʤˣ֮ΣҲ
üͷһӲηսȻڷĺܴ
ǹһ׼ڣһϤ
¡
ǡûгɣӦȥ
ʱ˵Ŀιǿ֮ˣ֮䡢̸Ӽžˡ
׿Ҳܡ
⡭׿
µЩˡƽؿڵ
˲䣬׿˽Ŀˡ
ãЩСͨͨնɱ׿ϲĿнǺ桢ڴ
һֽˣκͻûɻУ˿˿ڴȻȾõġ
浽ʱսʮٴγ֣û˻᲻ڴ
Զԡ
һ˻Ѫĳգ۷ԭϴһۣһ֮¡ѾΪһսۡ
һ̣㵽˳֮ϣһ죬âը֣һɳı֣Ƿ컭ꪡ
ж죬һһŲһһȴԽԽ˵Ŀ⡣
һһѹֵա˲䲼ԲǧԽԽŨԽԽء
սҪˣ
гͷ˫۶ЩǰЩ
ŷűֽ࣬Ԭܡܲٵ˵ĺҲʶЩԼⷽӰ
һ˿˿ء𽥳УԽԽŨ
աաա
ȥٶȲ죬̤Уһһƺ̤ˮϣ̤ƽϣ޵
ͬʱҲ̤ϣӰԽ죬˵ҲԽеһѹֳء
Ҳʶס˺ǺġޱƵӰԽԽ
ƣ
ޱȵƣ
ΨҶһеơ
·Ǿ졢ǾǵأǾЯŴһ޵ơ
ùŷɡԬܲܲٵ˶һȻ;нʡ
ͬʱ˵ĿУǧͨҲǸָ
ս
µһ
ŽǺǿǿĺ֮һսǾ춯أû˵µһ
ʱĶ׿ҲǿǿĿֲһˣǿƴԽˣ˳͢롣
Ҳû˻˵µһ
Լµˣ˵
ΪУѾһµһ
ʮһս¹Ϊս
߾ݾء
⣬ūʮ겻Ӳдʮ겻̤㲢ݾһ
ڣۼɵǣߡͬˡ
ǧ꣬ûһ˸ɡ
һˣڱ߾һСһС
Ѿʮ궼ûֹû˻ɣֻǸеԽӵɲ⡣
սµһ
񱾾ΪӰڡ
ֻҪ֮ˣ˭ܲںʣ
˵ǹʤ֮ġǹսǿߵ˷
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˫һɨʱһַ·һ˰ǧ˵ĸоȻ
ǽһˡһһꪣǱǧ˵Ĵۡҫۡ
֮ѡ񣬵һۿһһˣǧ
ܶ˾
һѹǧֱǿֲ˼飡
һЩ󽫺Щˣйâ
һ۹ڣĿ⵭Ŀŷˣ䡢Ե·ʥּɡ
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˸֣˫ġ
жȻͳһɹ̣һɺֱȫ
һĹŷɣû־Ȼĸо
ǰˣʸҲΨһʸô˵ˡ
ֵɫص˼㣬Լֵʷǿĵˡ
ҲΣͻ
ѹƣ˶һۣƺȻǿһ䡢ȴϵĸо
սΣ
µһΣ
ֵۣӲκˡ
ɱ
ȣµǹɷ·Ǳǰѹ֣ȴսʱ˿
ɰ˳ì裬ĺڷһ磬ƼΪˡ
˫䲻ԣһļ֮ơ
ϵĸˣһһһִơ
ĿɵģЩţЩڴ
ɱ
һıȣն
ʮֵܣʮΪеĬе꣬һ֮С
һʹǿ維׿ʶס˹佣
ڶ󽫸Ŀ⾪ֻԶԶƣǸеһϢ
ֻеܣɫɵĵĮƽĿһǽǹƴ߶ǿ

ȻǱ촽Уƽ³֣󣬵ȴѹֺؼ䡢
ըңǹɰ·
ֵЩŭˣֵֻ֣ܻۣ

ɫƹƶһ֡
Ŀ£Ųеĳһת򵥡ȴޱȼٵǰһ̡



120 һ
أ
Ȼһը죬Ǳ鱬һ㡣
һ˲䡣
أ
ҵĺɽȻײ
컭ꪼǰһ٣еһкƶˣ⡢ì˫ʱա
һ̡ǾƬ
ԲϰɵĿռ䣬оĿкȻ飬ڵƺҪһС
飬һƥйֵɫ󺧣ֲޱȵ£ǸһҪĥϢֱӱײɡ
һɴûİԵŰǵȫ
ۣ
һЩѪûսͬЩѪҺٱڵǹ
ŷãͭ˫۵ɵǺȻš
ֹĿ⿴Ƿ·ֻ˼С¡첻ꪵӰޱȵĺȻ
εǿ
ŷҲǲʲôЩҲһ
ɡһꪰˡ
׿ԬܡԬ趡ܲٵȵȵˣ޲һ

ոǵۣиԭֻǲѡ

ֵЩɬڶͬЩɬ
ס˫ȭЩ
䡢ƾӵ޵
ֻվڻιϵƣв֪ΪΣȻЩɡһ˿ϲ⡣
֮ԽԽǿˣ
սս񣡡
Ȼݰѹֵؼ䣬һ󻶺ը𣬻ιǧй̾
ǹɺ޲ýͳѪݣУÿһա
ܸǵʿﵽһ۷塣
ʿǼ½
ξһУ̵ͬͬʱǸˡ
ǿ׿ڽԼƽ̨һЩ˵ɫʱЦⲻʱ
Чﵽˣ
ϵվ̫ǳΨһֻһǾԼ
Ȼܿǿ̣ǾԾǿ޵Сǿʵӵ̡
Զ϶ʹһս˽ԺĿһսĺܶ佫һԲͶֿ̲
һֵ̡
սʵ̫ˡ
ǿߣÿһˡÿһıܡ
ʵһǰܾӾԭһսǰǡ
ս󣬶ﵽһ۷塣
ԣŻھԳ֡
ԱߵĶ׿Լƽ̨ϵԬܡܲ١ȵ֮ˣǹɼɵ֮⣬㼸ѹֲס
ةࡢ̲סд
ǰ޹ˡ׿ҧ³ĸ֣иӲѡ

Ѿﵽһ˼֮磬뾡ɱ롣дԬܡ
Ԭüͷɱ

ֳԳ۷壡ۡھԶܲĺԨ̲סһĨȡԼ羴
ܲиӣ˵ͷ

ĻУ˫߲һƬžĿûٿˡ
ͻǰŷɵжҵʵһЩ
ڣõݡ̹֮ȫգﵽʮҡ
ʵһٴﵽɵ߲۷塣
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Ϣ󣬵ĺֹͣʱĿɨƽ̨ϡ
һָ˵һ˿һּµİһϣù¿Ӣ
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ĿɨˣȻնȥСȺ
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һɲСҽɣһս֮ĵӰǰȥ
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УţӰͷɵǲԶ
ʡ
ʡĳ󡣡
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漴һӰﵽһը졣
ɽ顣
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һӰһȣһɹǿƳؼΪžѹ֡
ʮ·ɳ´󽫡
˿Ŀ෢ɣιеѪڣҲеһѪڣ󲿷ȴΪиС
ԶʮӰɰӵӰ̲סļ̡
ڳϣܵĮĿһһɨüͷ΢ǲЩ𣿡
ߣսȴ˵ĳеսѾѹƲסһȵ
ɱһȣնȥ
֪Լ˼ȻܲԸʤֶ֮Σ֪Լһˣûʸλսֻ֣ˡ
ĳ֣ʱһը죬һѰѱն¼һ˲Ȼը
һĨ˫һͨ£һ˻һУٶȿ쵽˼㣬գ۾ʧ
һٳʱѾһꪴǷУǵɴ˫۽ǲʣȴѾϢ
ЩնС
ʮӰ亹ʮŭȹܡ



121 ս
ʮܼϾȥķøǵľͺܽ˲㵽ǰ
гꪺգһɨȥƥ緢й
䣡
ը죬ʮӰɫ岻ĵɣ˫飬
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һȺ߹
ĿУ֣컭ƺΪ֮ɽȻ¡
أ
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ⷶΧеľˣֱҲǴˣɫ֡屻ըɡ
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һ𡣡Ŀѣæȵ
˾ҲӦ˹׷һȥ
ܺ⣬ٶȿ쵽˼㣬һѾһն¡
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ӭϣһײӰ׷ɡ
ѱٴγûгһռʱŤһѳƺŴʮһ֮£һѪ߽


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졢֡ԬҲ־ֻţȵ
ʿӰæʼһ̱óӿ
УǴ˸һ֮У붯ô֮ܲٳȵ
˵ͷ绢ȺӰײܲ˵ûûһֿסˣִ󲿷ֶһ֮ͣٶȻ̫죬˶ûãֻɱ
֮Ԭܵȵ
ͬʱλʿ߶˵Ͽգһεѹ֮ѹϣһ١
ôʱʣʮæδ뿪ʼ֮
䣡
һɹ𣬻ʮ֮֮ӿʮڣƿǡ
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˵Ӱվ˳ټ֮û취׿࣬ǿ¡ȴ̫٣ԶԶ
ģֻǿԼ
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գۣһսģ
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Ŀֱƽ̨ϵĮը죺ó
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λ붭һսԬһȣӰ߳
һսҧҧվһ
ܳΪһߣûһ򵥵ģʵڵҲɵΡ
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ԭܾƵİӡ
Ҳóķ
ǴԬ߳λߣиһǿϢķ֣˺ܶˡ


ʮʿӰϢҲǺǿ
ɱ
ԬһȣӰȶˣԦɱ׿
Ԭܵʮλʮλʿһ׿ȥ
ǡվһնɱЩ󱲡׿Цһ䣬ǾܻһڣǿƽڽԽԽǿ
գۣͳ˵֮ˡ
佣ʣһһȺնȥӰͬʱա
ֲλæ߶ӭϣһȴǵ˼
Цһ˹Цﻹ͹˿Щˡ
˿̿Ц
漴óһԲε̣һɹɭϢɢϷȥӭʮλʿ


122 ׷ɱ
תۼ䣬һУսѾʼ
׿ֳֹ佣ǧܾ֮Ѿﵽɵ߲ΣϹ佣һ֮ǵ߲۷塣
һֳߣʵɵΣ֣ﵽɵΡ
л۰֮Ĺ趣Ǵﵽɵ۷塣
ΪףֿŶ׿ԬܵΧ
У׿һȴ˿·硣
աɱЩ󱲡׿һնдȵɫ
Ԭܵɫֻܾȫֿš
Զ
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׿˺֮󣬱㵽С
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ֻۣ㲻⣬Ŀٴеʮλ󽫣һˡ
硢һѪ⣬ƳգЩˡֱ
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ѱײڶ巢顢
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ƺȥδڵܸڡ
˵ЩˣԽƵǸϡ
һꪽĳ˴ˣĮŲмһɹ°Щʵ𣿡

ʮλŭȣƴ߶ʹеȫѾ÷ᡣ
һն£ȻһɻͻƵ
Դͨѱʹõ¯࣬һ֡ʮλ󽫾ɫ䣬ֻоѹһ¡ǵĸоֿܵ
Ƶ֡
䣡
ĺռһ˿˿飬ʮ˴󲿷ֽѪҧ֧ţҲʮ¡
ȷǵסһꪡ
һĨ͡
Į佱Ļȴʮһ˲ɥ

ǲǲ
ʱǧ񣬶㱲ֻоôŬǰ׷ѡ
ҪĳѾаֱɱǴ롣
ܳŶã
˻ŵӰ·һʯֱײĳˡ
䣡
ˣǶʮ¡
ʮϢڣźֲ֧סһ֮£ˡ
˷Ӧٶȿ磬ɱˡ
һǡҲǴƽ⣬ʱʣµоһɱֿʼˡ

һӰƲһԶûϢ
תۣ
ͬʱǧʿԽ䣬˼Ĵ֮ҲԽԽ١
붭׿սԬܵˣĿѣнѡ
һȥˣɶ׿Цţǡ
ɱúáɱúá
ԬĿһɨȫ֣ţǹŷɱţ˱ţǡ
ɶ񣬶ҪǵԿɱ׿
ҧ׼˵ЩʲôһӰϷȥͬʱŵĴȵȫˡ
ɣ
Ԭܻûü˸ͷнǾʱ
ȫ
ߣߡ

һӰֱȥҲˡ
ԬҲٶ˵ʲôһ˵ĴȣԶȥ
ױˡ
˶ʼܣ׿ǿʼ׷ɱιеĴѾ׷ɱͨ
׿һ֮£̫̫㡢ɽ̫Ԭ
Ԭܺ͹趵Ӱûȥ׷׷ߵӰ׷ڡ谵
ߣĶʮλ󽫣Ѿֻʣλƴܡ
䣡
ըĺѾ˵ź
һꪣ
ܲŲЩˡһӲˡ
Ȼ۶׿ĳ֣һһɱûд֮ĳû׷ɱˣ׷Ԭܡ
ǱߣǿߣҪ׷ˣһ׷ԬЩʿ
䣡
һɱһϺԬߣܼ׷Ԭܡ
ɱ˴ˣݾͿֿɵá
ϢһɱһλϺԬߣЩԽԬܡԬ˴ߵߣһ
ʮϢһλֳϺߣɱһ
ԬȴҲʧˡ
ҵĳܶҲ



123 ³ȫ
üĿɨȥʶǵص˷ӡ
̶Ϣüͷ΢˫߳һȥ
Գٶȣʱɹǧ;Ҳ󽫵ټ֮ˣܶûж֡
ֹһᣬΰޱȵǰ
˶ʱɫޱȣȻյޱȵĽҲͬûһ˿
¸һᡣܿǰɫֵܵ
ǲΪӵģǰˡ
ŷȻһ仰˼
۹ŷɣŵ֣ص˺ףͶˣԸ
Źֵܣأһиս޹ء
硢˵ʲô
磬ƴˣֵһ顢á
˴ʧɫæȵ漴һҪƴӡ
ܾţ˫вûԥĮ³ȫǡ
ھͿء
䣡
ЩУܳˣŷҲ᳼
ȻˣǾͶȥɡ
ƿգޱߵѹһ㣬ѹ
Ϣʱ䣬˽Ծʹ˵£ʬˤڵϣûϢ
ųɱһ
˲Ϊӡ
ͬҲ˱Ϊӡ

һᣬһ۴ǧ򶫱ȥĹ趣һȴûȥɱԷһȥ
һɱ¾ϢԲǧ
Ѫʬ塣
˹ںӣֻԼ˼Щʿ
׷ɱһֱ죬׿´ձջ
ǧıеԴ̫̫ˡ
Ӵݣ۲ЩϵĶǱ
Եܻûߡ
ЩȴҲ鷳汾ȥףһʤȴϢ׿ȻЩɻҲһ£󷽵
áͬ⡣
ǣ׿ŷܾܴŰǶȥ
ֻ塢ζڴЩջ񣬻˵μӡ
ͬʱܵϢѾͬ籩һ㣬ϯ¡
һλһλˣϸӰ졣
սµһٴѹ£ۡ
ҡ
û뵽Ӯˣ̾
漴ԬҾַкȻһ˿ӡ
Ϻ갡Ϻ꣬һӣվǵֲ⣬Ϊ˼¡
ҪǻţҲ֪ô룿

򣴨ҡ
׿¡ܾܿǵˡ
ˣһЩȥ͢ɡ

ٿһվǴ֮ˡ

¼ҡ
һЩ˵ְ̹ɡ
ǣΪȶ׿ϣ𣿡
Ϊ֣ҵԶҪãͷע

ϡ
û뵽ǰˣԬҶıվˣ
Ŷ˵ԬԬδԬҵ̻Ǻģδؾûϣˣ
ǣôһʧܣԬЩһʼͲͬǸλõˣȥ𣿡
ҵҡվԴΪԬҶһ֧ԬܻԬƴһΣһξܳɹ

ˮɽׯ
һ̾Ϣ𣬴˿ǡԥ
ܵϢ֮һƬ߰
ң̫أĬĬ˼š
һʱ䣬׿͵ѹ¡
һЩ¿վǻһС
·зУܺͶ׿ǡ
Ϊڵǰӣ׿˵Ƿ˲˼
Ӵһ߲εƷ
ڴ󺺻ʹܣʹ󺺰ٹ١
δٹһЩ˶Զ׿Ҳ˲٣ǰ˷ܵġ
Ὺʼܵ󣬱㲻ˡ
ҲǴٹٵһμܣнΪǹǸе𾪡
ܿ죬ԵΪģƾˣǳ
ö׿Ϊζá
ĵ̡
ţȻܸܵһɼΪ޵ĺĿ⣬˫ȥֻһλߣĿһƵӡ
ܿ׿һֱָӵ˭
ʻûʲôѯʵһֲɵѹȡ
˴δʤ֮󣬱̬ǺܶĶ׿ȻӲˣҲûֳЦ˵˾ͽʡ
ټ΢΢ͷʾ
Σ̹ܵǾ󺺳͢ϵģҲϡ
ʦǲɶõĿܡ׿ЦȻʹˡ
üͷ΢ĮĿ⿴ȥʲôƵã̫ԭң
˻һ𣬶ʱ̰
һ⡢ѹ֣֪ģ
˷˾Ʊܣֿʣٿ׿
׿һ£治֪£ʡȴѾɫһɺת
̣ô˵ޣҲܻѹƵס⡣
Ҳѹƣ򶨻ᱻ˵û˼ɵ
ǹȥˣû뵽ǵдܻ°׿һЦͼܹȥ
ܵĮѹȵĿⲻƽƺںԷĺ⣺ԳɺȷǸ˲š
׿üͷһ˼Ŀʣղŵȷˡ
ƺλһǹʣһ㰡
ٹԱҲ˼Ŀʡ
˲żüãһֱĽĽ漴׿ɫЦ
ûٶ˵ʲôƺ¾ʹƹ
һһӰЩơ
ãɢȥ˴Ÿ˼ɢȥ
Ӷʵļӡһ׿
ǡһӦ

ܻص׿Ϊŵסû̫࣬һʰˣֻ΢˿Ȥ
עģǻι̹
ιɲΪЩջЩ׿̸̸飬Ҫκ̸
̹һս֮ͬ´ӲȱͶߣڶæµ֮ʱ
ҴʱҲ̹ԵصĴʱ

һ󷨸УɫЩ
ǰվһλ֮ˣһü仰ѾҵĻˣ
ףСġ˳
šʵͷȻǱ˵
ռƻУȫƻǵĹϵǴս֣ص
ʵͷףһǼȥ󺺽
漴Щĵܵ˴Σ
˵꣬æ˵˵òǻۣӿɲǺյġ
ҡҡͷ֪õѡ
ֻһ棬ɷ·ӡС˿ȥǡ˫Ӱܵص˵ͷ



124 
ʹ䡢ԣÿ궼һ
µգƺһֵһĵ
Ҫ¹شҲǲȾָģƤȥȡˡ
æѹѾЩԽԽԶ˼⶯ص²˳٣˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱߣҾȥҲɡ
˵ͷ̾Ϣֻίˡ
ҡҡͷһȻӵΪ˴󺺽ɽʸʲô
˵˼䣬Ȼȥ

ιء
ովһսµһ۹أֲѣڶཫʿǻЦȻջ񲻷ơ
һҹҵ˹Ρ
һһ嵥ε뿴ջʣѾһΪƽ֡
νӹ˼ۣԤϡĲࡣ
ҪΪ׺ݡ
Ȼд˭࣬ҴȡҲ㣬ҪָӪء
һ󲿷ݶȡڸӪеģǻץ˲մݹ٣ɻǧһꡣ
׸ǿװһ֧ǧʮǧ
ЦݵصͷҪ˽һִˡ˴ĴҲֻ࣬װһ֣ʣµֻǽ衣
֮͡һڴӦ
˶٣忴ΣȻЦЦ
ָǰջһߡ
ڣǺ˽Ļ֣߽ᷢݣݡ˾ݷ˿
ˮˮЦ
һҡҡͷָҲһߣ廭Ĳ֮࣬ҪһЩݺԥݣݡԥݺ˾ݻ˿
ҡҡͷδҲ̫θˣݡݡݻ𣿡
Ǻǣ˾ݡݡݡĵĵط뺷ݣɱҴҪļǿЦ
˵Ļ𾪲ѡ
˾ڻ£
˾Ϊģ󷽹鶭׿Ϸܡ
ʮݡ
ңݡݡݡ
·ݡ
·˾ݣ·Ǿݡ
·Ǽݣ·ݡݲ磬·ԥݡݲ磬·ݡ
Ϸ桢ݡ
˾ģűĲݣݣϷݣϷľݣϷԥݣݣļݡ
Ǵʮݵķֲ
Ȼʱ˵֣ҪԼȥģֻǹ涨ǰǻֺõĵ̡
維׿׼ȥݡݡԥݡ
ܲ׼ݡ
ΪģǱлɳˣġ˵
飬ΪةĶ׿ǲԿڵģϾ϶Ǵ󺺵ĵ̣Ҫ͹ȥ̸
ֻ̹ݡݣݲ˾ݣҪбȥ
һӵд󺺳͢񣬿Դø죬ԾͲԸݡԥҲø̹
Ȼϣ˫ֻ֪ǸϵԼ˫оȡĵ̲ˣػԷһս
׿ʱȷֹ̹ݡݣ׿ȫһߴϷľݡϷݡݣһɶݡϷԥݣٶȿ϶̹졣
û취ܣԪˣֶǴ󺺵ĵ̣ȡ϶ܿ졣
ˣα뽫涨ö׿ڲȾָݡԥݣӶȾָݺݡݡ
ڴݡݺ󣬿ݹ涨Ҫˣ׿еطֱӸ̹ս
ȻݶˮݶɽҲôȡģҲ̹ĵ֮һ
ϷĽݺͶϷݣ˭ţվӰ´֡
ЦţԺ˼ŵǲȾָݡԥݣ̹Ǹθ𣿡
ͲҪ˵ˣ֮ةûдݡݡ֮ǰ̤ݡԥһμᶨ
ǵߣƣһ̶׿ĽŲһ̡
ڶ׿ݺ£˫֪
һͷãҴةͬˡ
ҲҼͬ⡣Цŵͷ
Цţʵ˫ȵľٶȡ
˭ȡٵ̣̹Ȼ϶ٶϳԿ˭˵׼أ
ʽֽԼʹ˶£պȻͻҵҲûˣ˴ε˿һҪúöһʱ䣬御Щ֮ꡣ
һڴӦ

Ҳ졣
ʮ·ӻȥĲʮһ·ˡ
ɡ𥡢ԥݴʷׁơݴʷǫݴʷԬܡԬᡢ趡ܲ١ð
ӻؼݲԬһʧ䡣
ֲһؼҵĸо
ĳˣͷ졢ˣкܶ˶ˡ
Ϊʲô
ԬҸô࣬Ϊʲôʧܣ
Ǳͼֱɵ˴ˡ
ı̵ģȫΪ˼£
ʡŭܵȵȸоȫһɴδйĴĻĸо
ȻԱһȣʧ˻
ǻлᣬһܳɹ˫ֱֱԬ˫ۡ
ʲô᣿Ԭ˫Щ
ֻҪͶ׿սǾһлᡣ
Ԭ̾ɫ˥˼ֻ֣Ҫǲɵ;Բڴս
һոյϢ˶ˣ˺Ҳһ֡
һľ֣һսǰĿľö׿ϣϧûʼһսͽˡ
ҲãֻҪǴսǶлᡣųϣĹʵ
Ԭһ㶣漴Ҳġ¶Щϣ֮ɫܳɹ
ܳɹ϶
ԬһеļᶨãƴһΣҲţԬһܸ֮ˡ
ţ֮ȡüݡ

ݡݡݡݵȵȵطһ졣
ʧߣȻ
ߣҪƴһϣ
ǣǳոս׿յϢ졢ڶǰʼݹԵء
ʱŭ
ȻѾ뿪ݣʵϣİϼңд˶ġ
˵ʮݣշݶԣ򵥵ġ
Ȼʧ룬߲ΨһʣģҲֻһˡ
Щ̾Ϣ¿õˣվ̫̫١
ԥ
컹ûոո̸ã׼ڶ壬ͽӵϢʻۼȥƽѡ
Щ̾ϢڲӦɱģϧˡ
Ҳ֪Ǵ£ο̹ıƴٶѾʼˣһ
һʹӻιشݶȥ
һ˽⣬Ҳû룬ǳսѾʱȥ
ڶ֪ϢҲȻٶȺһЩ
Ҳø׿һЩϰ󡢱Ƕȥ
Լ̸ãҲöˣ


125 塢Ŷ
ǡ
һ磬ܾͽӵʵ
˫˿Īζ𣬶˶ٷ

һᣬʵһ͹˸̬ȷŵĺܵ͵ʼ
˫ĪζŨһ˿Į£
ʴϻ֮ԹġһΪϵ˵
һĳϿң˿˿ĵǣµܲӦһ
λ⣿üǲײ¡
ҹڼа磬ǰһ䱦ϡϴϲæ˵
ɫˮ˫ȴ絶һ㡢ݺݴʵ˫ֱۣꡣ
ʱ䣬ֻоѹֵ˼㣬ʲôܶڣ޴롢нķ·һϳ
ʮĥԣ񲻿һ
ЩˣֻǻƽͳϵǵĮֱĻش
ء
һ£뷨ܲӦþܾŶԣΪ
ҲӦ˵ǣһϵǰǳĳ⻯ᡣ
˵ءû
Ȼһޱȵı䡢ѹ˲䲼ȫ
һ飬˫۾ǲɵİԵͱ䣬ַ·ǿһıƵ
ﻹҪĻҲ˵
һûг֣ȴ͸˼
ǹѹϣֻЩǱˡ
һ뿪оӿŭô˾ͽݺ߹
˵ĵĿһˣȴԴ
µ˫ֽȭ
ðΣǿѹʼ˼ŶԲߡ
һᣬ¶Щŵ΢ЦͲֿܵס

ߺ󣬵˫ͫһЩ
ܵġ͸оһıϢϮ
һĨĹâȻͫ
ʱ󣬹ǣ㱨Ľ̸
̶Ĳ࣬ھͿ˭ٶȸˡ
ˣҲûҪǴȥ
ߣ붭׿Сûԥȥ
˸ۡһɰӿˡ
ųܸλмةฮȥ
֮˾ηá
ͬʱҲٲ˸ָ
Ͼµһ޵ս񣬻һ֮
ͨϰգûмġ
ܿ죬߹һ룬ʱһδӶ
ͻȻʼ궯һ˷ܡͼУüͷײһ塣
ǽֵܿǶҲԱһЩɵܴм
̧εļˣҲⲻ˺
˫뻹һʱƺҲǺ档
ǽӵӱ˿·˺ܺλ˫뿴
Щ۵Ķõһ˵Ŀ⣬Կ˹ȥ
һʱ䣬λɫסˡ
ܺ͹Σ΢΢һ
Ӻ棬һƺκԶȫݵס
ס
ϾĴ۾ۼݡ
ƺһȫ۵һƺǾʡ
˲ܺԶС
κζϧ
һ֮󣬾̾СһĨȺͿϲٽ۾ɴЩ
Ѿȫʧǡ
ܣ˷ܼˣ˫и˼𡢻һĨɲ
˫˵ƽ
ϡŮӾܴȻϴкЩȺ˷ܡ
ܿû˵ʲô˼ԣΪʲô
ŮǾ壡ο˷ܵϡǾѼʣ١ǧ궼һһλǰԽһλһǧǰѾҲǡ
ֻأº֪
ɵĶ¯˴Ůӡ϶ɸһ¥ݴ
Ŀһ˿;
ǾŶ֮壬˵Ŷ塣
˵ղŻȷĻǹ˵ĹЧ϶Ŀ
֮УҲһʣǾŶ塣
ɵľ¯Чοеľһ
ںҲǾʣûֻǴҼп֪ͱϷ
û뵽ⷽȻУ
һĨϲ
ԭܼ򵥣ǶҲŴãո˷ܡУõ֤
ŵ⶯ɫοٵȥļŮӣ
һڷһ㶣׼˵Щʲô𣺡㽫Ӫȥȥһ涭׿̳
һǡǿ
᲻Щ
漴Ӧһ߶ȥ
һӿٶȡ
ֻĨƵĸоˣ
ߣ
һɱⲻ
ʱܱ붭׿ˣǹҵܲ
ûᶭ׿£ȥ
ͬʱһطǶŲţȻΧɫư
ληҲΪ˲˹ȥƫƫΧ˶ûв·𿴲һ
εӰ֣򿪽ҴһۣȷҲԹȥľŮû󣬱㲻Ҷ࿴żλһ̧֣Žӿȥ
ңԶһλڰеӰ㶣һ˼Ӱʧ
һ¥
ӰѾţһֱʵΣ
⣬¹ΡֱӽˡӰ
Ҳһ㶣漴ЩܻɶҰ
ȥ߶׿ӰҲЩ
üͷڸ߶׿˹ӣҲһġ
Ӱ̾˵Ǿ塣
üͷĸˣʲô
Ӱٽʱʣһ˷ͷ¡
ߣ׿ͳţȥӰΪˡ
һƺѹԼˣһ㶼뿴Է
á
ûصةฮ㱻סˣһд¡ӡ
ʦ»Żţ׿ЩͲ
ةࡢ¹౨˵꣬ʿΧȻⲻǸ˵µĺõط
׿ü˶Էһ˿ةฮˡ
˫ۺ˱ةࡢΪ¹
£׿ĺˣһ˾ͽˡ
ɶǽ¹ٵŮǿˡʱƺһ̾Ҫᡣ
׿һ㶣ЩЦ͸ӵĺ棬Ȥȷ
ǧȷةΪ¹ʵͷһĲݵӡ
׿Цˣͬˡ
¡һʦǵʱӢŮʣ
֮£治ʲôʹ졣
Ů˶ѡ
¹׼׸ةİﰵϱ߽
׿üͷһжʱζˣǵ£ȻҪøˡ



126 
׿ػӻ֣һӡ
Ц׿֮ɫ˭ҹⲻĳƺֱӱˡ
׼˵Щʲô׿Щ֪Ůʲôӣǿ
Цϸӱߵ¹ٺòѡģһ׼׸ة࣬û뵽ֻһν֡㱻ֱ°ˡ
˵ţзӿһӰˡ
ʱ䣬׿Щˣ㡢Ƕݵգ֮βס˼ˣ
Ѿˣˣˣ治ġ
ة࣬¹񣬲ʮ֮һʵĻһ󴸣ݺݴ˶׿ϡ
ʹġᡢʵȵ
ոմ֮¡ǸλȻ־иʵҲǷŴࡣ
δľˣӦþģȻܲˡ
̲סؼ˫۵ЩŭΪβϣ
¹ѡСŮҲãϻҪЩ֮£Ҳ͵ڣ׼׸ة࣬˴¡Щԩί
Ů׿˼ϢЩꡣ
ǵġʵͷ
ôƯ
ٴεͷ
׿ϢԽ꣬һȥЩΡЩŰɺޡ
ةࡢô𣿡ʲʵ
׿ʣЩǨŭѾˣʲô취
ɡСŮǾ壬⡢Ǻã̾һ޿κεĽģ
壿׿üͷ壺ʲô
ʿٽһ׿˫еĹâˣʣԿʵ
¹ٲة࣬ةԲѯɫᶨ漴Щε¹ʵҲǽЩղ֪׼׸ة࣬ةһû뵽ȴҪһ
ˣȥѯ졣׿ٴסˣֱըĸо
оǾϲǽӡ
ϲ侹оȴڣҪǵõƼ޸һǻɵ
ǴǼٵģǾȻȥ
һԷһǡ
ţ׿оһ飬ҵõɣԲöԷˡ
ܿ죬±ںҲҵ˼أĴڡ
֪˽һ̶ͣǧ̡ܾ򱱷ȥ

̹·;ϣȫоǰܺ͹̸
ǾڰƣγԺп˼š
Ϊģ顣ܵĮĮ¾Ǳ䡣
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д󾪣æ˵δҲ̫ǿʶ̫ˣǿСŮ˵ڱ٣ֱдةࡢةΪ¹
׿ЩüܾܵµĿ⣬һΣǼֻҪģͱõ֣ʵԺ˵
գһƵӵŮӵȷ˾ͽ֮ŮȽ˾ͽɡ
Ҫϲѡ޶
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ӦòǿһҲ֪ˡ
¡˵ٶ˵ʲô漴תҪ򱱷ȥ
׿üͷֱЩѹסŭˣס佣ĪҪ̫֡
һ٣ĿһȻ˫ԡ
ųǰҲЩŭˣ˲ɱǲġ
׿ɫֻоôǰϻġ

к޲նһ֪֮˵Ķ֣зܾй佣
ŭȴûɫҲЩԥϢȻȵ̫Ů
ĴУֱܴȥ׿һ㶣ȴûֹ
ɱⱩͼһֱһԵŭһ
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ƺзִ磬֪²ʺϣû֣ɺҵӱةΪ¹
׿ֻоп챬ըˣǶԵܣЩʣ˭㶯ֵģ
һƬͨ죬оܾʿԼĿ⣬Щˡ
ϾԼֹǽأ
ԼҶ֣»Լǰˡ
ܹҪûзӦʲôڷܾǰ㣿
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ᣡ
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ϡЩǣʱ붭׿ֵ˵ز²á
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һ̡жϡ
ҲԥɹѴǲǲԡ
ɺѡΪûģǰˡ
صš



127 ݡط
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ܾͬʿЩ䡣
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ʹûзϢǻһĺۼ
һһնš˵ƻǰһС
ͬʱǷ·Ұްļ·ŭʱš
Ҫɱ㣬ɱ㡣
ţһҪɱ㣬ɱ㡣
ҪʬΣǧС

ʱصةฮɫΪѾ˽˴룬˫ж߰Ŀ⣬Խɭ
߽Ǽ˸ҵĴһ仰ֱ˶׿ķŭɱ⡣
ة࣬Ǳˡ
˭

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һЩ˸κ̾Ϣ
û
򣴨ҡ¼ҵȵȸصĴУһ۸ˣ̬Ҳıĸˡ
ͬʱЩۣλŮӵҲԺ
µһ֮ƣԽõ˵Ͽɡ

󣬵ܴŰﷵص̹ǡ
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ҪǣɡѾ뼽ݳɽκ
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ǵܻδ뿪ǰͶõģι֮ս׼õϷ־ŵˣͿʼݡ
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¼ݶɺ͸˳˵ѡ
ҪǺĿ죬ɽѾˡ
ڣҲǿ֧š
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ݣݺ;ݣ¿

ųܼʹǶϣһպǵ˳ɽسǡ
ʱڹǱǴš
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Ҳóеʿ֮ʿĺܴٹ죬ʿ£ҲҪ޿κΡ
ܵûжһն¡
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سϿգŴǧٱķ컭ꪺݺ£ǴһҵĹâҫ󣬱ʹ顣
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ʹֻǸռ죬ױ˹ռѡ
׷ٶȵĵܣҲں
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Ԭܣ׿󣬱ֱ϶ȥ
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ڣû˸ҷѣЩµĵ̣ϾǴ̵ĵ̣Ժ١
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ݡ
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ݡ
ԬܴӼ뿪ֱΪȥΨһĻᡣ
ֻҪ˾ݣ֣Ϳܻлᡣ
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ݡ
ܻݵɣҲʼӿ˶ݵգһսչ
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ʵٶȶ졣
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ݣԵܴ¸سǵʮ
гǳأѾϴġ
ʱܷؽûмȥݺݡ
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Щˣͨĸȵȣȥ
ʵݡݺܼ򵥣ʱңһ
ھԵʵ֮£Ҳûܷˡ


128 òġõ
ܷؽʼ¡
ݣٶͬĶ׿Ҳʼء
ڼƻžݺݡ
ӣʱ̫̣ûеǰԵʵͶ׿ǰӵдʵ
϶ԪˣԸû̫ĳɹ
ΪܺͶ׿жܶҺˣ԰ԬڵԽܡ
˭ɵ¾Խԣ⣬ͻԣͶģ˭ȥͶˣ
ʹͶҲǱ˼
ûˡ
̹صǣϷ־ź͹εһЩº󣬾Ϊټ˼λš
ԭ£ᡢڡˡ
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ɫûбֳӣжȴʱü˸е˱ӵĸо
ÿһ̵ְ
󣬵ܱڽ˳µõļݣͬʱٰһκСĿԡ
ʱͶˣͶ
ҡšƽС
ֱӾٰһοԣΪȡ
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ܴһЩ񣬻ص󹬣ΪҪԼλɽۣҲΪУȻҪ
顢Ө罪ᡣ
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Ҫٶȹĵ̣ȻٲȾ޸֧֡
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λŮӣһλŮӡ
һλһֲƷоŮӡ
Ө˽ĴˣҲòϣǲλŮӡ
Ҳ֮ͬµһˡ

Ȼ֪ǲǶԷʹǵܣ
鼸Ůֵģǵһֱûг
¼罪ᣬӨ֪¡
˵µһˡҾ御µľˣӦͱ˵ġ
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ִȥܵǾ˵ĴУҲǲһ˿
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ʱʱ򣬶Էиá
Ŷ壬ⷽ˽⻹̫ˡ
ʣںĶһ־ѰĴڣɡ
˫Ķ¯Ů
֮˫ޣһô
ΪԽߡЧԽ󣬶һĺôԽǵһΡ
һûΪľŶ壬ζһλ޽ɡ׼ʥã
Ϊɾ硣
󣬵ûȥ飬֮ġ
ֱġСΪ¸һŹ
ղصģʺϾŶĹ֮һ
ġõϲ
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ԵûҪӣֻǿŻá
ҾŶһ󼸺ȱ㣬ҲڲҪӡ
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Ŷ֮òСģʱԲ鿴ȡ
ߵܣ峺Ĵ۾գգ˿ÿθܴţһμ尾
ѹҲͰˣҪģЩܡ
ЩҲΣҪģλᡢҲˣǴӲЩܡ
Щܲˡ
Է֪Լ⣬ȴʣԼҲ֪Է֪Լ⣬ȴ˵
ԷҪʣԼȫˡ
ǱߵҪѾȫˣҲˣЧûﵽҲܹɡ
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ݣ˵Ҫϲˡ
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Ѿݵ£ոڶȡôʤĲܲ٣һڴĬ
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û˵ͷƽĿʱһ˿ʺ
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׿һơ
ıĳˡ
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Ҳﻰ̫ˡ
Ƚڶ׿͵ܣ˷չĶ̫ˡ
Ԭܡ
ҲһҪԭ֮һ


129 ԬͶ֮
ҪβܲԬܵ˷չȫһ֮ء
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ڡ
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ͱˡܲһЦ߰ɣͶ
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ܲüͷһΪʲô
˵꣬ЩĵǸˣĲܶõá
վܶں̫ࡣƽ˵
Ƚڶ׿Ҳ𣿡ܲüͷ
ҲȥͶ׿ҡͷ
ܲٶȻȻЩѵҳܵĺһ˵Ųɣ
Ըġ΢ЦƺΪܲٵĹЩˡ
˷ѡܲٸˣ˷ǿɳܵġ
ԼĿǸʵȴҪװ˷ѵڷ
ܲЩΪѾȫ˼
Ҫٲˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ܺʫ鴫ҵңȻ档
һЩ˾Բ̹ΪӣԱڡ塣
ҲԸЩ֮һ
Ѿ˾Ĳܲ٣ȻԸ⿴Ѿһʹ˹ȥ
Ͷ׿еĺͥǿԣϾҲǴ󺺡
ϲ׿ҸĿһõܡ
̫ˡҡҡͷ
㡪ָܲϢ󣬻ǷЩΡ

̴ҵʮա
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ڵܸոսʱ׿Ѿɣȡ˴롣
ȡһʱѾ׿ȫȡ
ȫȡݺ󣬶׿Ѿص˾ݣ׼Ծñ
õǣʱҲѾȡ
һ¶ݡݵĴ١
˼䣬Ҳ̹Ӳݽᵽ˼ӿ
ù֮أ˶ܿӿʵҲһõĵطûô޽
ȻֻǽһɣĿֻһ
һУ׿û˿ͣ٣ֱӽݡ
ѾԬܣҲֻܷͷ׿֣ԮݹԵصԬ
ԬЩϧֻʣһЩܽȫֻǴϵġ
û취ҲɵֻȥԬܣԬܱ󣬾Ҫˡ
ԬʵվǿģѾȥ˴룬ֵЯ֣㾣ݡݵûиֵٰܶҲö׿ٶȺ
ˮҲԭ֮һĴǶӦ
͢ڣ;֮УһĹԱؽͶˡ
Ԭֵ߲ѣֻܱߴˡ
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ɶ񣬾ʵ̫ɺޣԹۡԬܷ߷ߵ
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һ򲻺͵Ԭֵ˽գǶ˺ܶг
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жʱеһֱ
μʱԬұˣ
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ȥģԬԸ
ΣԬͬԸ֮⣬ʲô취أ
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Ϊ䲻ʣȴˣο
˸Ͷûȡʲôɾ͹ʲôġ
ֻһ뵽⣬ֵܾһίԬҸô࣬Ϊһˡ
Ԭһµٿɣһö׿׵õԼݡ
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ʱ䣬ԬֵܾŶ׿Ĳ߲ѣȴҲ޿κΡ
Լң붼һԾţʣµǼͶ˶׿
ʵǰ˭뵽֮ƣ»ᱻλֱ֮˾ôһΪȡš
̾Ϣңܱģǲôں˭Ǹλá
ǲϳѡܱҲסܺͶ׿
ֻǻһ£Ҵ˳ݡݣܾͼԥݺݡ
ȫ˸ȣݡݡǼݣǻٻҵ
ͬԥݡԵ·Ĺûз֮
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ʱҲӵԬֵܵͶ˳
ϣΪɡܳ䵱ʦĳ¹һ˼֣ص
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Ҳʾ֮أΪȡ׼
ÿԬֵ൲׿һЩʱգǸʱ䡣
򡢿ֵ̾Ҫˡ
һܿˣɣȥԬܡԬµ˼ǳŵһ̡

ܿ죬¹ݣ˵ܵ˼Ԭֵܴϲ
һ߽һЩԬԥݣһþȫֵŶ׿
δʱȻƴȫ
ʱ׿ҲƴȫǸڸڵԥݣɲ뱻ݡ
̹֮ȣ˷ʱ䣬ȥԷȶ
ݵ֮ʮУҲǰǶˮгգ˵Ѵ
ʮ󣬾ڶ׿ʱѾȫȡԥݺݡ
ˣԭĴУϷУֻûȡ
ٲ󣬵ܶԻصݣԹݡ
ʱУѾɱݣԥţյϢ̤ݡ
ιһսľ֮ûԥֱͶˡ
º֮ؾ̡
ܾͿʼȫٴ̾ڣͬʱҲ׼ųƵˡ


130 һս
ӵ֮صĴ̣ȫʸõܳƵۡ
οĵֻһ󺺡
ǸֻгƵۣƽȣģ¡
ݣڵܾ£Ѿ
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ûҪΪݾͺͶ׿սϵԽãԴ̵ĺôԽ
Ȼ˲֪ǣҪʱȥǿʱͽս
õ֮أÿʱỵ̈ڱǿ
ֻԽ󣬱ǿ֮ҪԽࡣ
ǳɱɱӡ
֮㹻ҲҪʱ䡣
ڹݺݺѾһɱ䣬ﵽʮɡ
Сϰٶֿ࣬һձһǿ
ݵֺѾﵽʮҡ
ɵ׼ĲӣؼʱһдӼ
ݵֺĵʮ죬̴ҵϦ
ڼݳƵˡ
һдӼ򣬱ϾѾôʵ۵ĵܣҲǶôļϲȻͲں¡ء
Լһ֡һһĽɽокܶ಻һġ
ΪۣҲǼ򵥵ģ涼һ䣬³Ҳһܡ
Ƶۺ󣬵ܼһͶڴ̹ڡ
»Ǿ£ʱ˵ǰٷϴˣҪһ½
û취ܵõݵʱ̫̣̫ǳĸĳû١
ڴҵʮգԬֵڳŲסˣһЩԼ¹ӵݡһ·̹
׿Ҳû׷ɱǣһûʱ䣬Ҳû̫ıҪ
Ѿֻ֣һ£һеĴ¡
Ҳûݶء
ºȻôƽûսֻǼ˶֪
ֻһսǰİĬĬٵ׼š
ΪǾ¹һս׼
ʱЩԸֵңҲʼж
׼һսСȡ档
ѾͶ˶׿ܵң㾡ȫһս

ǡةฮ
šΣ׿ΪеĿ
ة࣬ʹˣɫһɼ˷ܵ
á׿ϲ漴ɫ˿˿ޱȵĺ⣬ӿ׼ٶȣһҪʬΡ
ǡҲһš
̡
£׼ٶͻȻӿ죬Ѿ¶Ҵս֮ղԶӡγ
У˲żüãԬܡܲ١趵ɫȥΪء
ÿ˶֪ʱڴ̵ģԲһ롢ǾԲ֮һ
£ֱսֻҪնɱ׿뺺ЭҴ̾Ϳһս¡Ϸ־
飬ȷҴսʱվǰǶ༸ټնҴ̶Ҳ޴󰭣жֱ֣ӹҲЩɱ⡣
飡

һ˼ٴ󳼷׷վ
ܸϷΰԵĮϣƺǰЩӣѹ
˫۱պϼ䣬·̺ɽѡ
ɡĮ㡢һ˿Ʈ졢ƺ𣬶ʱôм˾һ
ơ˳ɡ趣̴Ϊȷ棬Ϊѹ󡣡ԽĲɡ
ּվɫ
ΡᡢڡԬܡԬܲ١
ּ
Ϸ־š¹쳯޲ڼ䣬ߡɱ
ּ

ܿͽšһگͳˡ
ַگ顣
û̫Ĩǵ޴ǹս⡢ᶨ֮籩һ㣬ϯ¡
ǣ׿Ϣһŭû뵽̹ȶ֡
ҲֻЦ̷گ飬ַ̹گ顣
󣬴ЭԼܶԱһǧɱݡ
ҲѾˣǰߣɱ
һʱ䣬Ŀ׷
ﰵﲻ֪ˣ˾ݣ׼ۿעŵĿһս
̴ҵʮգʽ˾ݣûȥ;ЩУֱǡ
ֻҪһоͶˡ
Ҳ˫ĬǵܺͶ׿ǩǷԼʱеĬ
ֱӽ߲Ķһս
ܿܡ
ȻʵЩϷһжһս
ʵҲһΡ
ΪнǴûйĶԿϱԿ
ݺ̫ǳ˫̫̫
ֻǽһս
·ڡ˾ݾڣ֧ˡ



131 ɡʮ̨
֣û뵽Ҳˡ
ǣһս˭ס
˵ҲǣߡͬС
֣˵˭ʤ
֪Ҳ֪˭ʤҵкδϵ
˵
޵У׿ӵкҵ̣Ҳ֪˭ʤ˭


Ϻ˾ݻۣҡǲԭһˣˣĿ¹һս
֮ʱΧ֪ж˫Ŀš
֪ģƬѾȫž
ĴٲںˣҲֹͣĿ
ա֮ʱͶһȫʬȻŰĴ춯ء
ǹɱΣòüֱɡ
׿ѾȫںЩһսӮʲôУ˸ں
ѹôõıŰ⣬ȫͷų
ʱ޵ģɾǵܡ
ԭͱѹƵļʡĽ˫ľйϵһ¼󣬳ױΪ˺⡣
Ȱ˵Ϊ˴֣ҲΪûаգͳֶԸǸˡ
俴Ŷ׿ǲмǸӣڶԷŭУ·֮𣺡Ͷߡ̡
ʱһԵĸ¶Աȳ֣׿סȭֱ¶һЦҡᡢɱ
ĩλվ˳ʱ䣬ӿ
ɱɱɱ
׿һǧУȡ
һ֮ӿС
Ƴ𣬳սĿ̹
ߡ̹УԬһĿᡣ
ԭ£Էȴڻιءɱλ£ԲԸͶ̹
Ԭսܺ󣬱˳˶׿
ơɣսڳϣһսۣ
ơɶһ̿ʼۼ֮
ܴ˴δĴֻ࣬ٶʮ򣬶˵ı
գۣͬĴУϵԽ߰˿Ȼ˲
ɱ
ȣĵӰգ۱ɱһ
ƶԻҡ
ɶᡣ
ʾ׵ɱ̾̾ﰵˡ
ƺͻˣǹ߽֮ࡢ֮鶯ƺǹУѾ˹
ҴƺӹϲһУһС
ռڳǹ֮£š
ȻԽ۷塣
̶ʮϢ˾Ͳ֪˶ٴΣ˭ռϷ硣
׿ûʧܵõԱ˴󽫣Ѿ֮ϲ
Ŀ⿴塣
ɫ֣صصͷʮλʿˣɫҲ˼֡
֣Ҳʽдһˣƽдһ˿ɭŹΡ
ǺǣǵҪʧˣдģɲǹĳκǺһЦ
漴ʿӰиԳһâɢǿϢ
ᡢڡ
ǵԬҵһԬͶϵһһݽ衣
ǾλĿһ˿âлض֣âʮʿԶ
˶һۣ˹ȥ
ʱͨѾ໥ײһͻضϢ𶯾
Ŀ⿴ȥֻ˫ҲѾʱסһ˭Ҳκβ˭ӡ
׿˫ת׺ݵĵܣһ֣Ȼ䡢ƮƮɵӰٴԶ
ͬʱܾһһֻɸߵľ֣ܳצϢǿᡣ
ɣüͷҲϳӰ
Щ죬ң⣬ٲ֮¡
ô붭׿
̻ʵˣӰΪϻ΢һƽ
Ǵȡڼ
ɱԴˣ˫г˿˿䣬ûκεĻء
ȻѾѡվ棬Ȼǲݡ
ɱ
һȣۣ֮һֻ޴İڿգϻˡ
ͬʱʮ󺺻ðһɫӰߴɣƲǰ
ǵŽǽܵĻƽʿ֮
շ˺ܶƽ֮
ƽҲͳˡ
֮⣬һǺʣ֮۳һֻ޴ǣѪĿǾܡ
ϻüͷ壬ƽʿĿ⣬ײһЩ̾Ϣ
ɱ
ɱУƽʿϻˣǳ˾ܡ
𣡡
һŭ𣬾ܾӭǣȡڼӭ˰ͻƽʿ
䣡
ҵĺը죬ȫﵽɵ۷޹˼ɵײš
Ȼϻɸоһ䣬ƺʲôΣյĶһ㡣
ȥͼһ֧ǧ˵ľţ
٣ǹɲɽơȴ˸е߲ɼᡣ
ܿ죬ֹϻɣܶ˵Ŀ׷ȥ
ڣ
˲죬ǧ˾žȫǷڣ
»ôһ֧ţ
ٶʲôһѪϢĴӰ֡
ߴǧɣֳǹǹǿƣǳ۷塣
Ӫ
˵ˣܲ˶ЩȣʱǶѾӪ֮
˳Ϊĵһš
ʱоţʱһ֪ˡ
ϻͷһ֮ףҲͬ۷壬ûͻҲֻһͻƹļޡ
Žʹùٴγ֡
䣡
תۣɼµĹâײһƸΪƴֻƺͻҵײ
ĳҵײԽͣʶԶȥ
˽š
˼ۣ׿ȻĿݺݵܡ
ܸоͬĮȥѹ𣺡ʹɣ޵뿴ʲôԸޣ
УһһһһѾڰС
ʱ䣬·һִ𣬹âҫķģסĿ⡣
һء
ʹĿӰɵˣʱһһ˵ĽšȻ
ãȫ㡣׿ɫ֮𣬹佣ʣȵʮ̨󡣡
䣡
ɲǼ䣬һǧڣʮλ󽫷ɳԻһǧ֮
ۡ塢Ρ
ÿһλɵμϵǿߡ
һ̣жʮ˼һ۵Ĺâ·һһ㣬һɺ嫵Ƴ
һ˲䣬ƺһС
ʮ
ﰵܶ˾
û뵽׿ѹʮ˳ô֪ĵģԬЩȵ
ӦǺ۸ģϾ˫һģʮжʮ̨󣬼Ϲ佣֮ԺһСһԣԬüͷ
׿һȣ佣âʮ̨Ĺâ
һ̣Ƕʮ˽ΪһâͶ붭׿ڡ
䣡
Ƹǿˣ׿ɫǿϲš
εֵ



132 ܸǿһЩ𣿵
ޱȵ׿һǿš
ƺܷѹһеš
˿ǿֲƣԽһеƣзǶԵŵˣҲг
ֻеܣǸĮƽŵӣɶ׿۷塣
Ȼƽ׿ȴзŭ
Ϊһӣ͸о˶Էֳм
Թĳм
ŭڡ


һŭȣ׿һն֣ʱ䡢һţ·ӰĽһ˲ռ˵ߡ
ǵأǰƴĽ˵
ǻӲɫ԰ס
һ޷ֿذ㣬
˫۾ɴ˼㣬ǽԼǰǰӰ
ɵƽɵİɣ˫۶ûգһ£ƺһûʲôӦ
ڣ˺ܾãַ·ֻһ˲䣬ǵӰ̧ꪡ
һը
ͻȻ䣬һ䣬ͼǷ컭Ѿ̳
䣡
еһһը졣
ѣռ
Ŵ죬ֻһꪴ̳ǰеһУ˲
һƬԲĿռ䣬룬ûһ˿Ѻۣиһ㣬һƬޡ
ʱظӼžˣеĿһƬ㶡
޴롣
ǹ𺳸Сǹɴ귢ĲУ˵
ֿܵ¡ɡɡɡ
Ťһ˵
εȴ֮ˣһƬž
׿סˣ嶼ֽӲУôܣ
ôܣ
ոеšһ˲䱻˵͹ȡ
ܡ
̨ʮ˴󣬼һǧ֮й佣ļĶʮλ󽫡
һ֮ôܴﵽֵز
ֹˣɡ嶼һƬء
пɡ
Ȼⰲأȴɽǰž
˾ţǹɰƺ졢أһжѹ
ǵɵӰ˫Ԩ۾У񡢺һĨȤ
һֱĿ𣬺ȻԶ׿ǾеЩȤͬʱڴšš
ܸǿһЩ
ͻȻĿ׿һĨ˵ĸоͬ顣
ܲ١ԬܡԬ
䣡
׿жݵķ֮󣬱ȫŭ

ʲô˼
ƾʲôң
ƾʲô
˵ͬĿ⣬룬ʹеġ
ȻеЩ˥׾Ĳȡ
ٲܣһҲ̲סˣƿŭȣ쵰
һӣһĺӳ֣Ӵ򿪣һѹ¡ϢԴⱻһֵء
һӴ͸ž׵Ӻɳ

ϣ춯أ漴Ͽͬһɫգ۷С
ʧȡ֮ģһɵĳɫŭŵܣǹѹ֮ѹˡ
У·𿴵˵ŽǾսͥһĻ
һ˶׿ƴˣٴúҵ֮һƴ
ףƴС
ΪʱĵܣȵŽǸǿܶࡣ

ϵ𣬴֮ȫǹ˶׿
Žǣ֮ʧһ룬׿֮أѾһ룬˿ȵսŽʱ

˫еȤ֮⣬Ũ˼֣Ȼûж˵ʲôȴ쳣ԡ

׿˫ѾЩˣҲʱ֮Ҳǿ˼֡
˫һԱ߲ԶЩšµĺЭһץͽץס˫һƬŭɱ⡣
ةة࣬㡢ҪʲôЭ겻ʮңʱеޱȵľ¡
׿Ҫʲôſ¡һԶ֣ӰΪߡǵµĽʥ
㵱ĳŵԶ˺𣿡һһŭȡ
ȻԴ̣붭׿֮ѾʲôЭ顣
ǣҲΪ˴󺺲𣿱ű»Ըġ׿һĨЦ
˶ʱʲôңԶҲԳ˲Ӱ
׿ɡ
ɡ

ͬʱ׿ϢҲǲȣƺ̨ʮ˴⡣
ܲˣһգǽЭһץץʺѪ֣һ͸˳ɫ
ɫһȴſЩѪ

ʱһӸ߰ըء
ɫǳʲô֮ͼٱֱӴﵽǧңƱǣɳתΪѪɫǹϢһ塣
ңԶ˺Խһ

۹ֶΡ
Эһһ֧ѪҲʹʧˡ
׿
ԽĿŶ׿졣
ʱ׿Ҳ³һѪ̨ʮ˴飬ʮλ󽫳֣м˺ݺݵĵ׿
ʡʸĶʮλ󽫣ȻǼ򵥵ģмλǺҳ
׿ΪǵȻϡ
㾹ҼӺ£Խŭţ̽ɱ˶׿
׿ЦΪһ㹱ףҲǸ˵ġ
˵꣬ҲԽݺݵܣѾֶΡ
Ͳţɱ˶Է
ԽˣǱ۵סˣͬʱҲ̲סǱߡ
˫еȤ֮ɫŨ˼֣ɵھŲΡ
Ĩ޵ɫѾʧ
ԶεĨĪĹڣ䡢Щ˷ܡ
ۡ˶׿Уá
ͳ¼ǧ꣬ʹҷܺͶ׿󺺵ģдڰĵλǺܶࡢصġ
𺺣Ȼ̾ɱЭ¶ԷһӡǣӡǣԳҪɱɱ̫Ӱӡǡ
á
Ƕ׿ɱЭ
ɱɱ׿һŭȣֶһеķ

УѪɫ˵ܣƥƺ춯ء
ɫϵһ˿һĨء
ΪԷѾﵽɵھŲΡ
ڴﵽʮɳҲɵھŲΡ
˫ߣ˻˫ֳŷ컭ꪣһӭȥ
ͻͬʱ֮ѹ֣֮Է֮ѹ֮
䣡
ϯһеĺը죬Բʮ飬ڵ޳֣ܺͳɫ֮У·һ磬ϵײš
Ѿ̫죬ֻܺȻĿǾ׵Ŀһս
ͬʱϵˡ
ΪڵڲϵţʱģһЩɨһС
˽ţ˫ͬһε̶ʮϢʱУȴҲ˭ռϷ硣
׿˼ۣƺδйĽţͻȻʲô˫۵εˣһӣȵɱ
˵꣬й佣ڡ



133 ˰
ʹ̨ܵʮ˴ķɣʹûٵֳֹ֮佣Ķ׿ǿ
УܿƬ޿ռ䣬һնεˣٶʿڡ
ɱ
Ȼ׺ݵĴըΪӰɳһ֮ǰ
һֳ˫ꪡ
һֳִ󵶡׻
УǵӲ¡
׿ɫ΢䣬ˣǺˣ
Τңɫص
̴֮ǰԬܡԬ˲ܲһۣĿЩĪĽǲá
ΪѾ֪ǰλֵס׿һģǲܲٵ¡
һ򲢲ǿĲܲ٣Ȼǿ£òǸеЩ
ܲɫ糣ܵĿ⣬ֻЦһ
ߡ׿ɱ¶һն
ΤҴһηӭȥ
գۣһҵսʼˡ
׿ǶʮλУλᣬȻԹۣ֡
ʣµĶʮλУΧԽ˵ǣ̷ֳλɱ̾
Цһ˫ƮƮһɫһȻӰͲٶ
˫Щ룬ʧһ㣬ͬʱҲӰƶסĿԽԽרע
תۣʮϰϢʱȥڶǵѪɫײ
Ƭ޿ռ䷶ΧƺҪʵ硣
˫ڣûֳܷ·硣
ߣ׿͵Τ˽סˣ˿·硣
ʮסˡ
ɡܾӪĴŽס
ԽƴֻԱ۵ѹ·硣
׽͸ģǹ˵״̬
Եƣȴơ˺ͻҡˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ǵһʼһѹ̨ʮ˴󣬻Ą̊́ʮ˴飬߶׿˳ֵûгɹ
󺺽ʿʿľڲ½һ۵˻ãƾ˶࣬Ҳô
Իҡ˵Ӱġ
֮ԽԽ෴̽ʿʿԽ߰˴ʱѾȫ·硣
Խ·磬ʿԽӲȡ
ѭ֮Уʱֵ˭ܰǣϧǣ˭ڲ
ܲ١Ԭ˶һۣ˶Է˼
ʱ˻š
Ǳ߻һЩ󳼣֮һֱûκζҲʵʵļս
ʮϢȷֳʤģȴǹ
ֻͻȻ䣬Ѫ嵹ȥһЦּ䣬ץ˼ơ
ҲûмֵĴ㣬һ˫ŵâǻ۵˫ۣעķս֡
ǶȻһЩ˺ߵصŭȣʱ˵Ŀȥ
ȴ׿˫۳׺͸ˣһԱƿΤˣȻðһ档
͸˿˿Ű궯ϢϢ㿪ʼǿգۡ㵽۷ʱ̡
һ죬ܾ
𣡡
Ǿ޴ӰһԱƿɫǣ˶׿ڡ
Ǳǡ
ǴӺҵõ˺ܶ౦˷ҲУһ̾Ŀ͸һĹ
Ա߲ܲ˵ͷܿ׿Ѿʹʲôѹסơʵָ۷塣

һնΤҡɫһֿǴʱĶ׿Ѿȫͬڸղš
ӰֱˣûˣǹѹȴǼǿһǾҪˡ
׿û˷κʱ䣬ٴһնһ
Τһоӭϡ
תۣ׿ռϷ硣
Ȼһâն֮ǿѴ۷塣
ȥȴɳֵ
ԶѾЩ˵Ļҡᣬһסࡣ
һΣ׿һŭȣȴ˿塣
սٴչһλɣʱһ
ϾʱԵģλﵽ۷Ҳǵɵ۷塣
λҲɵΡ
׿ѾռݲʲôϷ磬ʹŭҲ޼¡
ο˼ۣͼ۲Ŵ֣׿ǿ֮ĩΪǡ
طЧʧ֮ʱ
棬ƲõģǱɲ⣬Աһơ
˳Ųõģǵûʲôƴ˼
Ӧֻʲôԭ򣬲ȥ׿
Ǳߣȷǿľˣϻضʮλʿǳ۷塣
˸ߣ֣ȫ塣

һļµ޿ռУѪɫײӰʤ
Σʤġһϡ
ֻǧ𱻺֮ش
ˣǾЩ鷳ˣ¡ɲǾͽˡ
෴ֻǸʼ
У᲻أ
λЩ棬ڴ
ﰵ˼ţ񶯵𺳡
ܶЩӲ߰İ㲻ʣ
ڵ޿ռ䣬Ѿ˷Բ
ƥײޱԵĴ
ɫĮһһꪵѪɫ⡣
ܿóĻᾪȡ
ΪÿһѪɫࡣ
˿
ѪɫѾʼôһЩ
ѾﵽɵھŲεǣΧûܿ
Σϸ˵ѾȫһˣΧ˶ʵޡ
һһꪵײţҲı𴦵ս̱ʤ
Ҳ뿴ڴţ᲻
һٶϢʱȥȻһĵĶ׿Ϣ͵ļ½ɫήҲѡ
й佣Ҫղסһˣץ
ة࣡

ʱһ嶼̲סɫ
׿ѰܣͶ
ɴȵ۵һ٣ֻо֮ȫɢȥȫûˣܶͷ±Ͷ
ƶ˴˴ζеնǡϻĿڵ
漴ˣҪ˦֮
ӣ
˳ǲԸԷôߣŵȷЩֶΣй˰Ȼȥ
޿ռУ˫âšߡ
Ϣ󣬵̾Ϣһֿ֮ʱʽȷ˶׿źͺҼŵʧܡ
󣬻۵˴󲿷ѡͶֻȼλҪܣճֱֵɱˡ
ԽҲûٶ֣ߣͼ֮׼ǡ
ǼϢʱ䣬ѡͶһʵıƴܣܡ
˷սת۾ͣϢ
ЩӣӮˡ
Ҫˡ
ʱЩӡ
˰
򣬴֮иУһټ
æȥͼѪɫƺǰ㣬Ǳ;ȻһǴСϢȡҪԱһ


134 ͳһ¡
εɫһ֮ȻҪһˣ
˵ĿЩǣ˵Ŀ˿˿ڴ

һǹϢڵҽƺһ̱ܳױ
ȻһֺֻݺסѪɫͷ
ߡ
һߣͼѾ˷컭ꪣһֻ˿·֮ͷϡ䶯á
˶һεҲˡ
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ҪǺӵܶأܸоǰһ
ôֿࣿ˾СϷ־ŷʵ



137 ⿼
һڣϷ־ź͹νһ
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ִоɥյУһѧӻǵȴ
ʵֹǣ˼֮⣬˭֪ô֡
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138¡Ʒ֡ѡ
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˲ŵı׼֮ţΪ١
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ϻȱٵĵطһЩԱɣ㰲߰ٶɼ֮ˡ
ʣµģ۲һʱ֮дӰæ
Դ˽ҸˣҲˣֻ˵ģҶԳõգǿ˲١
Ϊˣỹҹǻ
㵱һ壬һ塣
㽫ɸ壬Ǹ塣
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˵򵥣Ѱ
һ򱻿һ壬ʵϡûд干ͬĻϵ
㽫壬úѶԸơ
Ȼѣ㽫һ壬ҲͲˡ
ûҪô࣬ʵϻһ塣
ӵܻ˼ȻˣȥǺѵġ
ԣҲѡγǧ˲佫䵽ȥ
УһɫߣҲ˾֮УԼʮˡ

͸ƲõĹְһӿô٣һʱ䲻Щҡ
֮һȳӿ𣬶Щ볯õˣһ٣޲õԼ
໥ĥº󣬾ʮա
֮ϣ¹ΪְƷ׻ңԵϸ񻮷Ʒס
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¹˵ţСʱ˶˳¹еĻ֡
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үһƷڸ󳼡ƷƷƷةƷƷةƷ
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طϣյطС͹ͷ׸֪´Ƿ˼Ԭܳ
¹ͷ
طϹλǲЩףԬЩü
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˼ĿǰһֺþƷף˶Գ͢Ҫ١
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̸ֹԱְλܶ࣬Ͼӵģ̶øƷףȻô򵥡
οڸ󳼺鶼кܶҪæҲʱʱ顣
ټϵʱĲ⣬˶Դ˵Ĺע뷨
һʱ䶼ôȥˡ
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ڸ󳼡顣
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ߣҲͳһĴڣͻ㣬ΪƷ
ѫˡ
Ϊ̽Ŀ٣ѫߺ٣ҲΪ־λӦһġƷλ
Ʒ׻һµߡ
նԹԱľηУǿ˲١
ԱϵԼԳ͢ĹоηҲǿ˲١
ηҲΪݡ
һжõһ淢չ
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Ҫ¸ҡǿѡ
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ѡ˵ѡ˶İֱּҡǿѡ飬ȴûз
ɲۣҺͺŶԼŮ
飬ûһҺǿܾ
ݵǰ֮У˵һֱڣǿ
ϣɻûлʺ
еԬңҡҡ¼ҵȴңжѡΪŮӡ
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ʥּ´ʮݡһһʮУŮĶ顣
һգʱ䣬ʮǧŮӽ˴̻ʹнɸѡȶˡ
˸Ůӡ


139 ̵졢Ҫˣ
ʱȴһֵǮƷһһı̭ȥ
ɫ覴á̭
б̭
ɫ̭
Ͳȡ̭

ǵһأɫ̬ͷ·Ǵһ㣬̭ǧˡ
ô󲿷ֵŮӶиӽ
һؽһأ鿽ʡչʾȵȵȵȡ
ÿһض̭ˡ
ߣ֮ǿңҲ̱£롢̭
ղѡ̭
ҲѣΪʲôȴͨ
ߣݱĲգƯͨһأȥ
ΪҲһֲգһˡ


̶һʱ䣬ǧŮӱ̭
Һͺǿ̾Ϣװ׵Ĵûˡ
ҲΪ
ڶ죬ɸѡ
ʹʣµŮӣѾǺ㣬Ǳһλһλ̭
һֱ죬һһǧŮӡ
ʱԳˡ
ҪЩŮУѡġ
޾Ϻѹʹһûͷֺ
ƽ֮£ǲȴϰԵĿ⣬һһɨ֮ûһ˫۾ֱӡ
Ϣʱ󣬵ˣҲѾˡ
һһʥּ
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ðѾ빬УӼлһˣ
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桢עó͢ѡд·üȻѾֻҪ̫˺棬ֱ֧¡

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ڴҵһգٴοˡ
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˵Ƕڵſ˿
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ȥ

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Ůǹɫ㡢ǣ̶ȱֻ֮ǲһֶѣռ仹ơ
ǴҵѡĽǼҶá
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ҹСҲûлȥһҹ硣
ڶҹȥһӹ
ҲǺУΨһʵŮӣŮ罪嵣ǰ빬ġ
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ڵһ糣֮ʱȴǰԽӿ
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һԱվ˳£һҪ״ˡ
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Աиֿʼˡ
״棬ӴҵǴο˹󣬾Ͳʱ֡
ģ󲿷ֶЩͨˡųԼƽˡ
ԭܼ򵥣λ˶ࡣ
λʵ̫٣Եٵʵ̫ˡ
ѾпĴΣͨ˵ģǧˡ
ٵģȴǧ˲д뻹ǰ˾ƷС١
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һ£ԽԽ࣬ͨ˵ˣͨͨ۾š
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ãҲв²⣬綼˵һɫӢΪ緶Ȥ
˵˵ĸߴ֮ҡҡͷʼΪЦ
Ͳĳ·е˿ǵ꣬ûйλǳª֮ƲƲ
漴ֺʲô˸۵Ҳǣ߰ҪǶûг·˾Ͷûг·ˡ
Ϊ˵ӰԽԽԺ֮˾ͽ⿼˳ɼһ񵥡
ÿο˶Ϊߴ࣬˰Ҳͽ߰
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Ŀ΢䣬漴˼صͷ۾һƻ
ˣһչѧ֮ʱ
̴ҵʮ¶ա
һλ̫ص࣬˾ˡ



140 Ŀ
¹̰ѽˡãɹһְ¹ش󣬳ʵ֪Ƹˡ
ҳΪɳԼƸ빦һְʵףǲһλͨ˵ʿӵΣɷΪƷ
̫Ĵ˼
Ϸ־ŻĪ飬ڳ˵ʱʱ䣬һƬž
žÿ˶Լĺ
ᡢܲ١Ԭܵȵȵˣоȫһеɻһӷ·֣ǡ
ԭˣԭˡ
ĿǸصĹְλ
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ΪʲôطǿΪʲôǿ
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ܡλչ鳯͢ɳ͢Щͨ˵ʿӵΡ
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ƶ
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˿ְλˣ͢Ҫ˼ɵ˶ˡ
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һܡְλɳ͢ɱҵӵΡ
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һֻȻȻΪʱޡΪǰδУô벻ͨλ̫ص࣬ʱЩˣָһ·
ĿϷǰϵӰֹס𺳣η
۽硢ֶΣʵ̾Ϊֹ
ͬʱӰ쾿ΣԼָô
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ϣԡȻһλһеĹԱ̲סվڵ
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Ԩ죬ֻһĿ⣬ȫܶ˼
һѹ
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顣
顣վ
顣

һλһλվ˳Ԭܵб̾Ϣһ֪ѾƲɵ顣
ڸ顣ܵ˵ƺһСһ㡣
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ٴף̵졢Ҫˡ
֡ñ½Ϸ־ζˡ
Ц˼ȥѾΪˣ
ˣֻҪߡʣšƽ˲ԽԽ࣬ΣϷ־̾еĹâԽԽ
šƽ˲ſɴ١ȻЦ
Ϸ־΢㶣漴뵽ʲôЩܡ
˵꣬ҲЦ
ǰ˲šͶһ֮ţſԱΪ˲š
ְܵλɳ͢ΪĹ١
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Ƿ۵ģ¡

ʮݣ󲿷ҡԼӵܣΪϢˡ
Ψи̫ءةةû˵ġ
ΪڷǵȨ
λ̫ģһԲҷ
ΪʱҪԣǾǶԿ͢ԿЩ뵱ٵʿӺǱңԿƸĹܡˡ
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·зĿ⿴ڸ󣬿ǻóʲôʽ
ֻеܣһƽ˿š
ҲΪĲּɶˣԣֻһγԡ
˵Ӵ塢ڣڳԡ



141 ʮ겻
һĳԣһʺϵִʽ
̵죬û
Ҳֻһʼˡ
¸صְλǸʼ
ҪʮеȫգˣԶԶ
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̫ءҲٶλֱӰȨһ̫ءȨͻ½һ롣
̫ءִ񲿣λִ岿»λԱƷơȫˣ


һƷƣһݣһƮƮɽׯ֮Уһλ߸ƴЦ
ǽһжǽȥˣӡˣ˵ţһӰ
ӰҲСˣһΪƵʣ׺͡
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˳ĬΡ۾

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λƷة֮µĸλƷԱ»λƷԱһһٶʮλԱ
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طײΪ
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ֻܹԹԽȨ

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Ӵҵʮ꿪ʼڳ֡ٸ档
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һһ
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ҵʮ꣬Ѿչһǰδеʢ
һеһУҲڵܽ¡
ҵʮ£һգǰһ㱣ǰһУˡ
»ص˺Ĵ̡
ۣʰľ
ʮıܶһ֮УΪࡢջҲһΡ
һʱϵǣȥָûȥ֮ǰ
һ£Ѿڣźĵ
һж糣
ۣʼϸϸá


142 
ʮʱ䣬ջʵ֪ʶ顣
ڴҵʮ꣬ﵽ˾ʮɴԲ֮
ҪﵽĽ׶ΣȻǳѣһĹ֡
´ҵʮ֮֮ڲϵţȻڻ۽׶ΣûܴﵽĲΣҲǺĵĽɡ
֮⣬ս鷽棬ĥ³һսʽ
ʵΣҪʵ֪ʶ顣
Ӵľ飬ȫڴʩչִʽֽ׶ܽõķʽ
УԺĴ̵ִʽҲ˲ȷ뷨
Ǵ塢ǵĴ̣ףеľ飬ֻΪִƺĴ̻۾顣
ĴȻҪգѳ̶
Ҳа˰Ĵڡ
Ĵ̰ʮ꣬ǻ۾˲ţûܽûԼͻô׽
ȻĿ⣬ʵ̫̫ˡ
κһ˿ĸı䣬ѡ
˵ǺĵģΪ
͵ҲõܹȥϴһЩˣǻֱȥһЩ
תֹһᣬҡ
ʱֻǴ̴
ųȡĲǰҴһЩ
ٴμʱĿʱһ俴͸
ܸоԼӱǿˡ
ǿɵһޣпܴ˼ޡ
з澪ϲ֮£ʣȴûпڡ
ԽǿԽãԽԽã֪ԽԽá
ճ񣬲ʱģҲύһ
һ糣
պһ֣ؿǣܺķ˲֮ĸҫŸɫâĹţӴ磬˺ġ
һգۣĸʧ
绹̫СˣҪĸĶȣֻת
ҲһЩת֮ĵ̫ˡ
ңиоϴμΣѾܶࡣ
ٶ࣬Ҫʲôˡ
ϾɲѰתͶ̥ѰתͶ̥ûʲôֻһҲˡ
ܴСеõطǣĶܶ࣬תΪʺǵݣѾޱȰˡ
´£еʮһˣǾ˲ţҪİȴҪʱĳɳ
º󣬵ʽһݹλơĸĽ飬ݸ˵ҡ
ڴִʽ
ϺͺĴʵϣƵһЩ
ҽӹһʱĿˡ
ԽԽоһɻȻʡ
Ϊʵ̫ǿԴ̸ְֹʵǷǳȷġ
ֹȷһ˼ζְ£ܶطΣȵȱ׶ˣ̫̫࣬ȴ塢磬öࡣ
һֱڵԭ򣬾ǺĴУ
شﲩѶϸʵ̫ǿԲܼôá
ִģʽҪǷڴ磬͢͸ˡ
ܴʱҵģ㵽Ҳ㵽ΪûԴ̵طû֪ô̸ܽ涼ǵ㵽
ֻȽ½볯͢ʼְλȷ
һ㣬ܱһ㲻ĺá
Ҳ̫ı䶯
ܣԼģĿ⾼Ŀŵܡ
ظǶ롣ܵȻӦ
ãȻûп㡣Ц˷ܡ
˶٣ϸȻȥ˼һס֮ûз
ǣˡӦ
䲻̫󣬵ֻΪʱ̫Ӱ档
ʵϣְı䣬黹Ĵģǣ棬ȻҪ顣
Ҳ⣬ٲʲô
ҲǶһֱ
ȥٴζ˼Ħһᣬټ١ȸɡǰ顣
˵һᣬɫ
ǰûУֻΪûⷽ롣
ܴʱóĶֻһ룬ʱĺô
ϸϸĦԽԽ֮
ϣ֮ȷ÷Ҵȸȸ˵ؿڵ
ֻҪԼӸıһ£ҴЧɡ¶һ˿
£ҲЧҲˡ
ϣķ׵Ĵ˷ϲҪ볯С
иˣԹǸȻˣҵȾ顢ʩУ
ǡ֪Ȥص
󣬼˾ͿʼܳȻҲԼƹˣվвٲʺϵġ
ۼԸ˽⣬ܿ϶ǲǵġ
һ飬ʱ䣬͹ܳȥģˣֻǼ˳˼·һʰ
ԽԽоԸĵĶԽࡣ
ҲԽǼֻоʢǰ
һº󣬺Ȼ˲ˡ
ΪǸоԽ飬Խ·һ㡣
ǰǣģʵ̫̫ࡣ
æֹס飬һԥǾȽֳ
󣬴̳͢ʽʼ˸ı䣬ʱȣϾǴδйĶ
Ҳû󷴶ԡ



143 ְ̹̤
Ͼʱôǵ档
ְλһ°ˣûʲô˵ġ
ʮʱ䣬Ѿʽֳ֮Ϊ
̡
񲿴ݵΣةࡣ
ࣨӣΡ
ɱȸɵΡ
̲ɾźΡ
ɶΡ
񲿴÷Ρ̳Ĵ̫ˣҵͷۡ
λ̵ĶҲС˼ȷǵҵұۡ
ɴҲԿϮƵǿУҵ˲ţǶ
»ֵУλˡ
λҲԳ
֮£ÿλдλ´ʮλʿʮλ˾ʮλس
»ǧСɢڸšϹдģǧҪ档
ֳܿ죬˱оЧˡ
ģһЩ˲ǣǵȨ棬ܵơ
ٲǰ㣬ȥȡ̵档
һ֣ò˲Ҳ޿κΡ
ѳɶ֣ʹһЩ˲ңվ˵㡣
һֱԱ߾ţųиİвģϵĴĦš
վӣƫȵȵȵȡ
ȻѾǴҲŵҽһЩãףеˮԶԶûп塣
Ҳᶼȷĸʵְˡ
ʮ꣬һֱɵһ߰ŵҴ񣬶Դ̵˽⡢𽥼
һӦŵܵķѣ͵ţһЩ
йŴ磬žӵ׶ΡĽ׶ε֮
оӦѾǲԶˣΪ˽˴תһӺķ֮׶ζԲˡ
ֻۡ
ĸ磬Ҫһʱ֮󣬻硣
Ǽʱȥһգܡ
һڣ˼õüͷ΢塣
̤ݣ
Ҵ̳λ֮ǰ̤ݣմȾ֮ʹŶѹ¡ܵɻ󣬵ĳ˵
п˼һˣȴ֪ȻǼΪˡ
ûжԥ
šҵͷº͵ãԳ֮˽⣬ĵãվûۼʵ˴ΡҲҪúȥ۲˽⡣
Уһ˿ڴڴó֮ĵܣľϲ
ǡӦ
ţ⡢˵ǽ붴֮нܴУл˱㣬ϡ˭ȥʵ
Ȼÿȷһʱ䣬ȥ֮нܴУͶȥ̤ˡ
һ˼ưܶ˼ɡ
ãʮպͳɡҵͷһӣȥ
һȥҾͿʼ˶
ߣܻصԼҲʼԸ
պĳϣҵ붴֮нܴС
ڶҲûж֣ʱҲõˡ
ֻȻⲻ˵ܵ˵ĽʷߺޣҲ޿κΡ
պ󣬵Լưʧˣ˵֮⣬֮УΪ˶졣
ưλ󽫣ӦǸ档
ʱˣȴѾ˳ǣĴء̾ڵԥߡ
Ĵغ󣬵ڴߣȻн޵ġ
Ϲ񣬱Ϊޡʤޡհޡţޡ«ޡ
ޣǺĵһ塢ͳڵء
֮һɾ͵λ֮󣬱㽫޻ΪݣͳΡ
ݴأÿһݲɵߡһ߲ꡣ
ǰȥӭȢͯȸɡԼλ޽ɴӣ¾Ϳ֪֮
ȻҲΪȸɺǰλ޽ɣûȫΪĽ
̳͢Ƶĵ򣬾ޡĵԥݡ
˷İݣ˰ͳΣķľ޺Ĵ֮ƶ֮ء
ԥݶ
ľ󲿷鶼֪֮ǰĵܣҲֻ֪һֶѡ
ʱԥ֮أָоȻͬ
ۿһǧġʮСׯƫƧ֮ƺ
̶ԣֻ֪ͳߣȴûգڴ֮⣬߱νĹ塢ҲǹԱգһԾ
ҲۿһǳУɢ
ɢ̫࣬󲿷ֶǸŰ취ȥԱ¡
ǹԱͳΣһ㽫ƽΪū
ŵĹһ붼װ˷ǡ
Ϣӵвͬʶĵܣֻо
ҲףǸʵ̫ǿĽǺȥעײˡ
ң塢ͳģʽǿʳһͳһء
ȻıһЩӰ졣
Ҫı䣬һһϦ֮¡
һһǳرָܾԽԽ࣬ĿԽ
󣬶ưˣ˵
оԼҾϣԽӿֲ
ڶʮǰ˾ѾǵܵĽͳ졣
ôҲϤһЩܣ߹·;ԽԽԶİС
ӣȥϢ𣿡
ɫưܹʵ
ǵΪȻǲϢģҹҲûʲô
ǰջʱҲֻʱǹ۲֮ʱ˶ǰһ߸·һ߹۲죬Ϣ
·ܵ˵һ䣬˵ţӰϷȥ
ưЩ֣ʱ䣬ɵһηô죡
գۣʱ͹ȥࡣ
ܵٶҲԽԽ죬Ϊܶǰ࣬ҪһĹ۲
˾߳ԥݣҲԽԽ
ʱ䣬ջܶ࣬Դ̵˽⣬ǿࡣ
ʱУҲûʲô¼
û˷ǣȻҪԭ֮һЯرı˵òϢ󲿷׼ʥ
֮Уһ̵ĴϣȻûܷǵʵݡ
һգۣʮʱȥ
ޣݵĽ紦
ݣһһƽԭϣվڴ֮ϣĿ⿴Զƽ
ʮʱƺһ۶ʮеջȴֻԼ
һ·̣һδεĥ£涼һֽһĸо
Դ̡Լ·һʶ
ĥ¡ڼ
ио֮󣬶иջ
عӣǡưܹص
ܽŲǰȥưæϡ
ʱȥһɽ֮ʱȻưɫȺЩһ䣬ա
ӣڳļΪĶЩص
ᡣܷ·ûܵκӰ죬Ųɡ
ǡӦһҲϰˡ
ʮȻԥݺ;ݶǳҲͳĵ̣Ҳʿ
ʱһ⣬Ͻǲᡣ
ʱʲôʲôɡ



144 
ֻҪǵǣȫû
ٶԣưĬĬڵֻǻѾ䱸ʱ̷š
ϢʱȥԶճĹâԽԽ졣
˸ӽ䱸ˣûȥһۣȵĲûһ˿仯
ʮϢȥⷽԲ
ײನˡ
û߼һΪϲõ𣺡λѣһ֮
ܷ·ûһ㣬ǰȻĬĬ档
λˣרɣѾ׷ɱ֮ãҳһĨ
£ˡ
䣬һĺ

Խ˻ûκζûһ㣬˿˿ɱ𣺡λŮݼΪ߹ϱڶ࣬һɱºƽ֣
ߣ󡣡һ·ɽѩһ
Ӽ࣬ȻԷ˱ŭˡ
ưܶǿסеĺ棬󷽿϶ûûӦȻҲȥ
ֻЩмݼΪ߹󣬺ǣоϸ߹
ҲҪֻҪˣбﶼǣǲᱻֵģ±֮ˡ
󣡡̺һ㱡ŭǿһ֡
֪˭𣿡
Ǳ֤ԡкܶ౦
鱦ҲҪ𣿡

ԽҲڿƲסʼƶö˷
գۣʮջĻڡ˫һĨⲻͣŲһ١˫ţ
Įм̺һɶصΧضһš
һӴǻȰ˵ջ
һ漴һŭ𣬴
ǵӰ͸ˣɵ֮ת
ֹס˼ĽŲԭЩѵĵֿŴйȻûȥ˼
Ϣ
ͼĿ֮תһĿҼҹû𣿡
ߡǿסзŭû˵ʲôˡ
˫˿˿Űɱ⡣
ܾ˭壬ʲôݣŲǰͿһӺֳһһȭȻҳ
䣡
ʱ䣬һ𶯣Ʋأȭͷ֮£еһжŤˡ
һ޴ȭӡֱǰ
һһηͻɳŤֻ뷢зĹ˲ˡ
أ
УӴһ㣬ݺԶ
գۼ䣬ǡ顱һضɽҡɽۡѪǡ
һС£Ŀһķ򣬻ԵܵӣһֻԣһλŮӡ
ܴʼնعĿ⣬ĻŲٴԶȥ
ưܶһۣԹԵĸ档
Զƶ֮УһӰš
װֳһѳһ㵭òǾ˱ɻҪ֡
һ˫峺ӣĮȵӰһĨֵˣ
ҡ
ĿתһһȭҵԣȴԶȥæ׷ȥ

·΢Сһ㣬˼ݴϡ
ղ֮£˵ȷ΢ֵöʲô
ŲԺУǶ̹Ĺ滮
ۼʶ̾ǧľԽԽ࣬ҲԽ֪жôѡ
һΣˣΣֹ磬ڲ
ҹɫ٣ĽҰ⣬һȥ
ȻԶưܵʵѾʹ屾ʷ仯һʵĹһ·ܴӲ
εݴأ롣
ӣһˡû߽ưܱ㴫
ޱ߽С
ƣСһλʿӰڿŻ𣬳ŸԱ߻һͷ¿
߽æվλ̨á
ܿһۣЩظʡ
ֱһطưܸϣ˭ҲûлӵĻ
ӱܵľ͸еЩڣҿǵһˣҶ˵ʲôȥŸֻǶŵĺᣬҷ졣
֮⣬Ҳˡ
Ǳۣʲôû˵֮УΪ
ʱţգ۾͵ҹʱ֡
Ȼưܶ۾һӿס
һ̡
飡

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֮⣬һжȫ飬۾һܵĻ
ǶɲҪٱˡ
һߵĴȣ춯صĺ
ǿѹԲ
Ŀ
Į³ȻѾ͡
ǡӦȥͬʱҲЩơ
ֻ氤һȭŮһôͺ
򿪷ţʧ
ܿ죬ĺˣ͸ʹͽ
ҲӺˣϾֻһˣη۵ܣ͸ͷ¿һ

⣬߳ʱĵĿͶ˹
ֻ۾ʱη壬
ǰһȭǼǵһ
иӺˣ̾Ҫܣ޾Ľһ㣬֣ܲˡ
Ц£Ǿϲˣ
ȭһգԡ
һᣬҹɫ֮£һɸߵһ˫ȭⴸһ
Ȼ˫ȫԵȣȴ˹
ûеȶã߽ץһӰ
ֻӰװ죬ģɫľȻǱ˹ͷһ㣬ʱʱ¶С͵Ա塣
ӣС棬һֱŹѾҷˡͷصϵĻһʵʵִС
ܿһۣ䵭ɱˡ
ǡӦһҪȥ
ɫһ˹˲ʲôŭ⣬æŵҪҪɱңԸΪЧ͡
һ۵ܣһЦмƾ㣬ҲΪЧͣ
˵꣬Ų
ҪɱңҸһܣġԸӾˣĲ
ûܵȻͲֹͣû߳⡣
һ䡢ɽ֮ˮ𣺡֪ӿɷԽң
һŰɫװƺӰ߽С
˲䣬ưܵУɫʡ
ö˼ÿ·ǻУʱԻ



145 ֮
Ҳ˹ȥ
ʱǷӳˡ
ưһĨޣҲ
Ŀû䣬ǰ㵭Į߽еŮӡ
һĹװӰ䡢ɽȪһʣʹһֿ
˾ޡ
ԴлŮֿˣһη
ƽûҫ˼Ҳû˼Ƕץסԣĸл
Ƿתһ̣ȴǴﵽ˺鱦ĲΡ
Ȼ˵Ůвٱ
˶⣬ǷǲĲ⡣
Ŀ⵭Į⿴ƸŮӣȴһֲµĵ
Įֳڣ˵ͷ˵ϡ
ŮҲǽη˶һץס䱸ǲ
лŮһͷͿϵԣһӡǬ֮
תҪߡ
û˿ǣԱһǣɫȻǺ죬оǾֺη塢ġ
ŮӸոתµɫͱˣӿ
ͬʱɫҲˣһӡ
û£һֱܳ
ưȻЩҲȡһ澵ӵڵǰ
˲䡪
أ
һҵĺŮ䴦ͷų˴۵ĹâһɱǿŮųâȹͶеĴܡ
ͬʱһɷۺɫ壬ȴ״޿ײ룬ŮϵȹͶеĴܷܶϢÿ˵ڡ
ʹưܡŮӶˣȴҲôֹ
Ŀѣŭ𽹼֮⼸ûʲôȴǧ¡
Ϣ󣬱ըʧ
ưæΪܼ壬ĿϢЩ˥Ůӣƺһ̾Ҫɽһ㱬˵ʲôʲô
ŮӶ˶٣ɵ䣬һ˿⣺ҡ
˭ǳ汻ҷˣҷӡôԱڵ˵ʲôҪȻ˭Ȳ㡣ֳִŭȵǴϢΪ£һ鱦
Ůƺô˹ͨҲ֪ôͣһʱû˵
Ѿ̲סˣҪ֡
ȻһѹֲסеĿ⡣
һֱĮšưܼĵܣ˹ȥ
ֻڶܷ󷽡ûķӣѾ˵ϣ¶ļͨ졣
˫۾УһּµŮӣȥ
һ̾ͱһɷס
ܶϿˣ뵽ʲô
ŮЩȷͥд
ưиһԱһԣͥڵԱǹɷɫ塭
Ƕˡ
ӣΪƳưܽ
˵꣬ͬΪ޽ɵӿڡ
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졭ӡ
϶ȴõ˺ܶණ
ӡưΪûạ̃гһƵҩ
ûöԣȻʵǿȴСԷС
ͥˣûưܣҲûЩҩûнĵҩ
ĮĿ⾶ֱŮӣʵԶԷеǹɲɡԵʵʡ
ŮӶܵĻشˣǡ
ܻ˵ʲôͻȻһ
һûĻȣһ˲ȼڡ
һּµġܵ˼ά
ưܵķӿڣȴûκô
ҲûãЩ˷ܡ
죡
ޱȵĿ죬쵽ʹԵܵļᶨԣת۱˾˵
һ˫Ŀ̲סŮӡ
ȫǱһ㣬ͷųͻᱬը
ӣ
ưܾţҲǾţЩ֪롣
̴ȥѰŮӡ
뷨һ˾Ҫж
ûߣŮҲһϢ½Щ
ΪԱڵշɫҲˡ
ǡȥһֱ̣Щ
ưܺͶˣŮӣȻǺð취ǲİ
ŮʵǿҲöʱƷϡ
ȥ˵һ䣬ˣǲɡ
ҧҧһۣưһץǷӡŮ˭ҪǸ˺ӣʮء˭㡣
˵꣬ȥȴŮһȥ
ưҲһӿӰһٶȸ죬˺ֱӽƻС
˺һ罫סһС
ǡšŮЩŭˣ˵ʲôһƺߣ·Ǵӱǿз͸һ˵ȥˡ
Ϣ½һأǷɫŮԣЧ
ǿԭûֻǿŮӣŮӹһ½磬緺ȴûá



146 Ӿͺܲ
ٴιһ£ûãСˣ
ѹ𣬵ܺԽء
ߡݡ롣Ů䲻ڣǿסˣƺЩŭ
ֻȴûпһۣǲ룬ǡҡ

⣬ưܺͶǵǲѣȴҲûа취
󡢹Ӳ°ɣ
ŮӦзִ磬Ҳ֮ӲµġưǶŶ˵ǶԼ˵
ǾͺáǾͺá˵ſѾ챻ķӣô죿
ôʲôư͵ȻкǷꡣ
˵꣬һɫͨڵ֮Ҳʼˡ
ʱȫˣߣֲġ
϶񣬿ȥץŮץưܺ
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Һǳز̫Զʮ󣬶ͻˣʮŮӡ
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ңԶһռС
磬ҪҪһЩԥ
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ôʲôô
СŮ޵ʣû˵ֻôΣôȻͶһͥǺ˵ϧһжܶˣ
ϺرΣ
ǡ
ʲôԭˣӦˣ᲻ᡭ
̤Ҵһԡ
Ҳǣܶˣúúá
ȱҲţܶǡӦ󰭡

С
ŮӵĻش𣬵һĨա
ҪʵԷ
ǿסȭͷգݺݱ˫ۣ޵Ҫ̶ã
ͬʱҲǨŭڰбˡ
Ȼû¶棬п϶бϼһ
ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôûг֣
ҲĶԴĵ
Ǿʲô
С˭ƵŮˣ
вţ˼ȴҲɵýве뷨ɢȥ
һᣬۿǴŮˣȴѾڵϣԵ쳣
Ůˡ
УֻоŭԽԽʢѿڶֱŮӡ
̣ŮոջʱԵ쳣壺㡢㲻Ҫ
һȵĽŲ쳣Щ٣˫һ죬޹ǵĽɱ
¶ݡ˫з·һŻȼա
ûһ㣬Ůӻƺżʹࡣ
Ϣϵɢȥˡ
¶ģһȱµݡ
ֻǺΪؼ٣ƵѩۼϡҲȾһ֬
̲סҲˡ
Ȼֻץ֣һǿûзأ㱻ƵڵأյĿУǾ˴ѹϡ

Уһ󲻿󣬺ȻһʹƺŲʵк
һ̣Щȣǡ
䣡
ĺһǿᵫȴ̺Ųлۡ
̾˶ưܣЩʲôһ
ķ
ʱ

ĵһеɫֱĴΡ
ǹɸ߸ϡһСµϢ·ΪĴڣ
ʮϢŻصС
ư߳Ӷһۣ˶Էľȡ
ǹ̲ס𳼷ǿҸоġ
ңԶ
Ц
úúãܶȻɵۡδزɡ
ţϢҶֳĸоӰ֮ˡ
ոս֮ϢҴ̡
Ůô죿ɱˣ
ɱˡµǸйˣãһиǶûϵԼȥ
š


ܻ˹˼ѵһɲǣһ֮ӿ
ĿһɨǼֻһˡ
·ҲǺõġ
ȵٶɵľȴġ
һĨյ̲סӿ
˶ޡŮˡ
ȻϷӦǿѹֱָ״̬ЩǾŶĸ
һ㣬֪Ѿ졣
ԹȥѾȥʱ䡣
糣ȵĲ߳
ưڲԶţܳæ
ĿɨȥԶǷӣһƽŮӡ
أЩĮ³
ư֪ãСعӣڶˡ
Ǿôˣһŭ̲סӿ˼֡
漴ͱʶѹȥֻи
ȻӰ쵽
ȥҡưΣߵİ̹ʵ
ߡһҲµʲô
Ŀ⿴һԶϼһ﷢ˡ
ǲǣУ
Σ˴£Ҳãպ˵
ĿһתǷӣĮε
Ƿһ£ŵܣֻоֱӣ̲סĻҡҲ֪ôô·ˣȻ͵ˡ
ûȥһۣĿһ񷡣
졢Ŷ塣
ߡ
һߣȥ
æϣЩɻĿưܰдŮ𣿡
ưܵһ۶û˵ʲôϻ
һߣӺԱŮӶ˿
ʲô˰ŮЩµˣǹӣ첻ˡ
֪ô࣬Ҳ߰ɡĿŮӣȻֻʶʱ䣬˫Ѿ϶ԷѾӡ
˼ңӾͺܲˡ
šŮӦһҲܿǣ¿뿪
֮ϡ
ܽŲ糣һ֮¡ɫҲ糣
ưܺͶ˶ܸо鲻á
ǹĪ޵⣬Ƕʶĺᡣ
еȷãЩֲǱܵģǸˡ


147 Ŷȱ
ĪľЩ꣬ǰ£Ժи
ǸŮˣߡ
ÿһ𣬶һĨΪ֪Եա
ʮ·̣ƽ
ʼϸϸƶϴ¡
ɣǴŮˣͷͥѾʼ
Ļ׼ģһ鷲ͥȻԷǴŮг𡢻߲Ը
Ӧֻǡᣬõĺô
һλ޽ɾľŶһΡ
Ҳֲã֮ǲתÿһֵܽøĸ
ƫƫǰһλáͥǺ˵һӵоŶ壬Ϊá
ͥ˲ˣԾǴŮˡ
ֻҪʧȥ˵һΣǴŮ˼ʹﵽ׼ʥǵȾ磬ôҲûС
еϼһΪŶȱݣвԹԾͷǴŮߡ
һи޹أϾҲǴڱƵһ
ǴŮˡ
ǴŮ˻ȥ󣬴һǧɣû˻ںˡ
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Ŀ˿˿⣬ʵ㡣
ԣֻܱӡ
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£˫ȭ֪ѾգָоΪ
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Σܲƽѹе˼
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ûʵٶ붼á
޽ɾľŶһΣôǷǳġ
Ͼɵľ¯һ̶˵ڴʱĵܣ˷ѡ
󲿷ֵصڣΪܲס
ǹһ˲䣬ͱ𡢿ȡ
ľӵ׶ΣԽ˵Ľ׶Ρ
ҲЩףŶ嶼Ǽ֮
ǹл֮ԲŻԾã˷ܣʱ
ûǾŶ壬ҲûӦӦǶԷڵı
ֹˣ˾Ҳ˾޴仯
Ǳһ¥ǿȼǿƺ˺ܶ顣
ԣ֪ͨɵǿȡ
ֻûзѡ
һţһĬĬž
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ûãɵŮ˵Ӱֳˡ
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Ŷô޴󣬵ȱͬЩ
һӰ˵ǡ
Ŷأõصͻᱻ֮޾嫡ϢӰǡ
ƢȻȻñŭһЩǻʲôģһЩ
ԽãԽˡ
ȻҲԶ˫Ǿԡ
ԽϾŶ壬ͬҪǾԡ
еϼһҲʱڵߡ
ǷߵҪԭ֮һ
ǿɲҶĵܵԶ
ĺôõ־ˡ
һΪŵѾˡ
ƽģԼԼоŶȱݵԭ򣬵ҲԼյԭ
ֻƽģſӰ졣

ңԶ
Ӱ˵ͷ
ܶȷܿס
ţҲܵģҲǶһĥ¡

֮⣬һȪߣһٻӰЩվǣ峺͸ӣʱЩ
ЩἣǺݺʹ޹һƵġ
û֪Щʲô绪ˣȴǼ̫ڻѩɣЩ֮⡣
һվʮգȻŮǱʲôˡ
סƽ̹ĸϾǾɲ
һɹɷӿΣɫסˡ
֮ղŸӵĲ֪룬ӵ
һĨּʧ۾գգģġУǹеΪůĵ֪ӿһĨᶨ֮⡣
죬̧ͷգƿһЩµӰ
ֽ߬һ𣬼ᶨԽŨ
һᣬһ˫ֶ˸ϣСŮƵЩ桢ڴ
ǹһᣬһЦ˳
ůЦݣƻⷽأҷ
ʱЦЦǳʱʲôЩãĿһܣҧ´һȥ

ʮ죬зָգŶĸӰ죬ƶɾˡ
󣬱һ߼Լ߾ݣһԼԴ̵Ĺ滮
ٶҲԽԽ졣
ԥݵݣٵݣʮ꣬ݵݣֻʱҡ
ʱ䣬Դ̵˽⣬ࡣ
̫ˣİ˰Լܶطͬ
ֻǴµͳΣһһû⡣
뷨ܽÿһǻʲô

ڵܼ֮ʱǽ󣬾ʮһǳС
һΪӵׯ԰ͨӭ
һ֣һҫһǿһ۵ڱ
ڴϣȥֻЩСЦŮĿ΢䣬ѩײһ۵ľҫɫâǽ⡢ȫססϢ
ŮһӣӡʹСڣסǹ
ϣȰ͵΢ЦŨˣһ˿˿ĺ桢ƤСһǣԣһֻһָġСȥСһ۵С
ʱཱུӰȥŮ̲סЦˣЦرá
˫峺Ĵ۾ŮӣЩ޹޾ĺ¶ֺֻСȥץŮӵָ
ŮӲֺĸСһָץץҡҴ㡣
ɩӣ𣿡
һᣬһЩŵǵ
ŮЦ˲٣˿ƤӰ٣˺ܶׯƽӽɡ
䣬Զ򿪡
áһλƽŮ˽ϲɫĿŮӺСһǡ
šŮЦŵͷΪЩԺһһŮ
ɩӹȻǺкñŮ˫ֺʮ漴ϲȥһЩƷ
ллӣˡŮ
ŮҲӦ˹æԣɩͨ󣬲ҪƷˣк󡢻Ů󣿡
кŮĿһСһСһոһ㶼ʵء
ҡһε
úúãСҵܵʲôʱºˡŮӿĵ
šڴϵŮ΢ЦŵͷɰޱȵСһͷȻһҹǸʵȴƲʸǲˡ
ͷĪһѹ˶
Σҵĺӣûϵ
λŮӣɾˡ



148 ΪǸ
ҲǻԵɺϡ
ǰԼ˵̴ӣѡһ֪Ĳ·
òϢ£ǧ֮⣬ҹǸӡ
ĻֻǳһİطȻҪܵżġ
¹һෲۡ
һŮ˴źӶԺӲá
ûиףԺӲõȵȻѾƻãڷ硢ͥ׷
ͺӷ޴һ
ӷΪȥӡ
ҲԴӷõڻ
ΪСһٳٲΪ˲ע⣬Ѿ˺üط
Ű
ȻЩĵʱ۵Сһʱоʲôֵˡ
з·ǵһ㡣
ˣӡ𣿡Щʵ
ɫһ㶣ʶǸˡ
˶٣гЩ׷䣬Щ˸еԭʵҲҲӾɡ
Щ֪˵ʲôҲ˿ʡ˵л
ǵνٰᣬɺȴͬ
Ůͽ濡ԽᣬֿСк˶ٷŵкͽꯡ
֣Ǻ֣ȥȥӸ˵
šӦŶԷ߳ȥ
º͵Цֲϣ޲֡Ŵ۾ΪɵСһ
С꯶С濶أ׸ȡģòУ˶Ūӵ

ݣʱ䣬ڵԽԽٶ£Ѿݴݣݣݶȥ
ǰգĳһ˲䣬оƶһ£ԭ֪Щɵ˺ܶ࣬ҲҲԭֻܼƽǰ
ֻʱ䣬㴩ݡݣӺݡ
ʱưˣӽ䱸ˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ӺݴԥݴӺݺݵĽ紦
ƿأɲǶϡɱȡ
ʹǵܣʱܿһЩǳء
̤Ӻ֮ʱ
Զ֮⣬һһӰΧתһʵİͼ
ͼתţһɺζת·ض˽ȥ
УһЩԵȱݡ
Ҳơ
Ȼͼһ£Ӱ˫ۣһĨɫ
мףĪδ֮гˣ
˭ܳƵ֮У
ˣɣ֮գһж
૵н£Ӱ±˫ۣͼҲתš

ӺݺУȻСЩʱ䣬ȴľá
Ϊ뿴߶Σ
ʱ䣬Ӻ˲һ롣
۲ŸĶ
ǼصԺ䡢򵥵ķ䡣
ЩЦĿǰСԴСЩ־ǾǿüĿ仹һСһ
ôˣСֲȱȨŬ׵ϣסȥСѾС
񡢻ЩǸأ
̲ס뵽
ҺáĵأСһٿһԼףʲôµĹԺӣһϷӡ
𣬾͸Сˡǳԣʲô׵Сһ޾ĸƽΪʲôҪ
աñ˵ˣúܲˡСһʵʵ
ûгϣ϶ˣҪȻС꯶Ųء
Ŀ޵Ŀһ⣺Ϊʲôʣ
ΪΪǸ硣Сһ￪ˣ˵ĺ֣£쳣ĳ֡
ǹһĨЦ⣬Щͷʹ۰ϧ
˵㡢鷳
С꯶С濶˰˵˺öΣԲںȴܡ
룬Ŀ⿴⣬䲻
סһϢŤŤһ۵ĿɰСŮ
СϻۣжʱۣЩŭ⡣
СţСŮ˽һҪӡ
ü룬ײǸ˵ǵȥһңԶĵط
˶˵ƭСģˡСŮһ̧СԴĵ
иоһĨ죬ǵӰˡ
ЩĪЦҲһĨЦ⡢ЩΥĵôأǵһλӢۡ
ʱСŮɴ˴۾ϣ
СкҲɴ۾ЩţЩ˷ܵĿԼס



149 ƾ
СӣûвϣԼǸӢ۵ġ
ǻûмĸס
Сһϧ֮Ũˡ
һĨ⣬ûиףҲ˵Զһȱ
һֻֽסСŮһַСкͷظţӭֻ㽵Ĵ۾˵ⱲӣĻѻȻˣǸеĴӢۡ
Сų˹âָˡ棬һЩ
֪СŮ۵еӢˣģԵǴӢۡ
С顣һЦָ˴ǿɰС
ԼСһǰòһֱԭӡ
ΧҲֻСһܿԭӡ
ԺУָǸ˵ӰһЩûʶԷ
СŮĻЦ
һᣬСŮϣǵʲôʱǰ
һ٣һ£ˣһС濶С꯶ġ
ţС濶һԹԵģȵǡСŮ֣µصСԴ
Скӵ֣أƽ䵱˷ܶĿꡣ
Цţ̾ҲӦȥˣԺ󡭡
أ
ָ̫֮࣬Ѱң
οҪͥ
ţиӱСһ
סʲôİ
ǵܸߴ󡢺Ӣ
ǸĳȴԼС
ΪʲôС濶
С濶ҪףҪ
ԣС꯶Ǻء

۵򵥵ﵴ͸Եܰ
ݡ
ǽʱȥأУݣԥݳ践ء
ʮ꣬ڽݴ̤һ飬ȻֻǴµ̤㡣
Ҳ㹻ˣԵܶԣջ
˵ʣһЩı䣬ӵĺء
򳯸ǸϻأҲûżһ
ٶȴǿ˺ܶ࣬º󣬳Ѿǰ
ɽ֮ϣңԶǷ·ڲã֮ϵĳǳأĶư˶˿
ڻˣ
ܣжЩ
Ȼھһһʾһ㶣˶Ϸ
һɴ㵡и
ͬʱʮϢУҾ͵õϢµҵϵѪڶϷֻ֣Ϣʱ䣬ʧˡ
ʱܳƵϴҵϵѪģֻ͵ֵܵŮ
Щ֪ܵ
Ϸǲ
ܣ
ţһһ򳯸ȥ

һΪ཭ڵĵط
һȥʮҵ꣬ɫдż㣬Ų쳣ĳȣüŵͼᶨ
ߣһһЩ꣬һֱֹ
Լһ쳣ɰƯСһһߴߴ˵Щʲô
һ߳϶ٴЦݡ
ɡɡˣ
ţá
á
ɡѾͷԽƯˣ

ʱģ·֮˻Ǵк֮Ҳ˵Цš
ܣѾͷ˵ЩЦЦǸ꿪ڶԱȤ
ǰ磬ЦЦ𡣡СҲŵ
걾ǳЦɫЩӲˣģЦһЩ
ǸӣʱôЩСЦ
ԼЩ˼Цˡ
˵Цţһᣬ˱ߵһԺǰ
ҪȥʱͻȻһɫʱǺ
һɰɫâͽɫâڱɷԲ
ϡǿϢֱɹâɢ
ͬʱ
ɽ֮ϣĿ⿴˶Ϸ
޾ʮ֮ϣһ̺޾ϡ͵Į۾ˡ
漴һĨŭ
ˣ

ԺǰЩСﶼסˡ
һ̣һٻӰ֣ɫΪأһɫľųһɹâϵĽ⡢׹⣬
ŮſȥֻЩСϣȴǳԼһĨη塣
С꯶ҵķҪ
Խأͱʹ
Ű취ĿͼԼС꯶Ͻ׹Ѿʼһںϡ
ڳһδ֪仯
һ㵣ǽɫâ֪Ǹ˵ġ
ʾ
֪ǱϲǱ¶ˣϲԼС꯶гϢ
Ǳϲ
סôˣСﾪŵ𣬴˼
ǰôˣЩҲھ
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һӣ˴Ժ룬ӷѾԺͣ¡
ӷֱӴ϶Էڵѯʵûʱˣ̴ߡ
ɩ⡭ӷЩˡ
ʲôҪʣҲʰֻһֿ̡˵
Ǽ۵ɫ֣ŵǽ⡢׹⻹ںϵϡ
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˵ֻ꣬СšɻСͷֿ꣬ᡢȻĿУǲᡣ
ס
СﻹҪ˵ʲôѾҧӿ𣬾Զȥ
˫۽ţһѾǾȻ¶Լݣһ統ǰ䣬
绪෴ķȥ
ǧ⣬ŵķʧӰڻĽҰ⡣
Щ֪룬ͼںСֹâʼ
Ϣ󣬱˹

ɽ֮ϡ
üͷ
ӡ
ЩİϤ֡
кˣ
д
һĨϲûԵɵϲ
漴üͷøˣ
ԣǰʱͻȻӦ
ˣ
һ㣬Ŀ⿴գ桢һ档
ưһ㶣ͷҶԡ
ҲڴʱԶλ߿еüͷһ塣
ܵһ¡ڵ£
ɽϣ࣬ʮǰǸŮˣܵĺӣҳˣӦûݡ
˾ȣȾ±־Ⱦô֪ģ
ԶλҲһ⣬ǿҲǸող֪ǸŮУ˴̵ϵѪ
еλ߶һۡ
硢ô죿
ߣ鷳һЩ
֪ͼһˣֱɱһЩڵ



150 ޹ʸ
ˣΣȻ֪ˣҴҵϵѪͲ衣Щߵ
˶ټȥ
š
ǰ߿Ӧһá
һֺӰʧ
Ǹֻشȴûзһ˿üͷĸ
ҵ£Ӳͨ뵽ġ
ȷǺӽΣ
ֻܽҵ
֮£ֽ
ΥģеһĨš

һĽҰ⡣
ѹסˣСôſŵĻȭͷ߬
˫о
ĴϷ£ٴС
ûٴУˡ
ּᶨĿͬŵӷ򸾣塢֪ʲôǡֶ
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ӷ򸾶һۣüСꯡС濣Ҳ֪ʲô
˶ټǻĻ߰ɡ
ʲôһСֱ졣
ͷοСӾӾȵĿУȡһ˸µԶȥ
ԭǸˣҲЩΪģʮУָ㣬ǵ֮
ȻҲġ
Ȼ䣬Щ׶ԷĿˡ

཭ʮԶĵط
ٶȺܿ죬ֻɳʮͱסˡ
һλϢЩƽɫ׵ˣĮĿȥ
ɫĿ˵ȥιأ
˵ҺιأûκвĮĿ絶һ㣬
ҷ˵㡣ƽֻһͷʱ䡣
ܵʱ䡣
ҵȷ˵Ĳ㣬ּһȥɣǸӡ˵ϵϢüΪѹȡ
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Ҳʱ䣬ʹ㽫۸ǺϢô̵ʱУӳԶһҡӲˡ
иΪʲôС꯶ͳԶԭܼ򵥣ӡǡ
ƽֻ۲һУ÷ߣͳԶķᱻӦ
ʱԽãԽá
Ǵ̣˷𣿡Ӳŵ
Ҹ˰ˡ˲
˵ţϢ𣺡ȻϣҲֻǿгˡ
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䣡
ײ׼ʥ磬ƺй˼ɣֵ̫󶯾һ߻Ҫȹա
ԼԵģҶ֡
˺ǹһ󣬷Žס
÷˶٣ֵĵطȥ

ǰʵȷĪ⣬ٶȼ죬ŵҸеĵַȥ
ʵǸԥġ
׸Ǻã
ŮãûʲôϾҲǱߣûҲ磬οԷһ֪ǵܡ
ɳϵģȻУ
˺ӣͲһˡ
ٲǣҲǣ
Ů޾ߣĵߣҸҲȷ
Ŷ壬û˻ȥ顣
ǲ룬Ů˺ӣͥʲôƨǲŹģҹܲܣ
ܣԵС
Ҳˣ˫ͲԸҪǣŮӲߡ
ɲܣҴӵĸףץߡ
ӲܣϡӺδ棿
Ϊأ
ֻҪǺӣͲܲܡ

ĿµĴ̣һ¶棬վסġ
ǣǺӲڡ
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һ磬һ硣
ɽ׵ݶĪ⣬һжԼ򵽶١
ϥȥӴЩ

ʮ
һСǳУһ˰
Լľ
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磬Ҫ𣿡СʣСȻΪᡣ
ԣġ粻µġЦţ쳣ţҲĪй˷ġŵĸо
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һС˫ŨŨ۰Ͳᡣ
Ψһ·
һֻȭͷյһָֻСͷӦ㣬һ㡣
ǵͷСȻͷССѹʲôǸҪúչԼ
ĿиϧˣܿСÿˡ
ûȥͱƣΪԼ᲻ˡ
һգһȥһҡСֻڼſڿš
ǾǿǿӰʧ
СҲֲסһתܻ˷䡣
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Ϊ͸綼Ĳµġ
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ҡҡͷϾΡ
ܣҲܲˡ
Ӷһۣһ߽ȥ
ֻ̾Ϣ
ҪǻڣͿĸ˰ɣ

˳ǳأŲûͣ٣ֱȥ
֪Ѱʦѧգ˵иţյӣѧա
µļƻ򶫷ȥ
Ȼһ·ܼѣϸ˼󣬵õð취
Ҳûһģǹƺĵ
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򶫷·Ҳ֪ԼʵС뾡һа취
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Ҳ˲٣ʲôʱܸܵԼڳɳ
ԸӼᶨ˼ĸȫ
ֻо꣬ѾﵽʮңҲԲ̫С
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ʮ죬ԵкȻиУһ·
ڶʮǰλꡣ
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ʦͽ֮Ե
ԸܵԼԷڤڤеϵ
ûչͽܣ¸һϽȻͽ
Ǳڰй۲˶Էʮ졣
ԼᶨƷйɸ߽࣬ȵȷ涼⡣
£ûԥӰһǰ
ͨͨĳ֣ûҲûʲô档
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СþȻΪͽܴˣ

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УҶһˣ԰еĻ㱨
˵꯶һȥʦѧˣüͷһЩãһĨǡ
ϣӦǵġһ
ҡҳ
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°üͷ΢壬ƺԥʲô
ȻһĨ԰
Լһ̾
ܶΪ̫ˡ
⡢͵Ժкڵذɡ
漴һĨԳЦԽԽˡ
չؼա
չؼշǳҲû˾òԡ
û֪ǣȻԳ˳ǡ

Сʲôӱߣһλȥʮ꣬ݲŭȴִһɺͰ΢ЦߣǰЩ桢ͽ䱸ĿɰС
ܳһɢɢĵС濶΢΢ƫСԴĴ۾գգǰʶеηһеߡ
ҽ濣ϲ˭͸Ӧе桢һС
һЦͰ˼֡
˴ˡ΢Ц˶٣С濶Ϊʲôһڴˣأ
ССʱЩѹ֪ΪΣǰеһһְġ
ķ˽䱸Сһ˳棬˶Ǳߡ
ָһǹѹŨˡ
̾¡Ͱ㲻˵ӣʲô𣿡


156 ׶ˡ
Сԥһ£ǵֲеĲģǹĪиС
ࡢ۵
߾ţʱ˵䣬ǹɲŭϢԽ͡
һʱҺչһ
ʱСһҴǱԶȥ
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ǾҪС濶жŬˡ
濶һŬŬġ
ţС濶
ʦ
ֱӽүүɣʦֲ
ǡðɣ濶үү
С濶áʲôģ
濶˵濶ǸӢأһܸߴ󡣡
𣿡
룬濶ûмһܸߴܱ濶׺͸磬濶Ц
š

üͷӵ˵Щġ
һᣬĿ΢ɣȻ㲻
һ˼οԼͽӦõȷǱΪͽܣҲ̫ġ
԰ǴߣزСĻ졣
һ˵ǣһûиһߣõһ㣬硣
ʦˣ򶫷ȥ
һҺȻоһЩЩʧ䣬ˡ
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üͷС꯾ȻΪʦ
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⣿⣿
вңһȨĿ⿴˲ԶڳС΢΢һЦСʱ򰡣
ұɹɶˡ
֪ΪΣȻģԽСԽСӣһ˵
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ԴǺõģ
һĨܳܡ̫࣬ЩԭӦȥеģ
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Ϣӵĳء㡣
ȻɽУջС
ûҪ˻ʴ͵ĵҲǵĹͨȵȣԼѰҡȷԼĵ
ȴһʼͶԼĵھϡ
ҪģֻһЩͨԼĹ֮
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㿪ʼλϿУϸ˽
ӴʱҪأ¡
ֱÿˣſԻصĳС
Թһ磬ҲǴ󴫳֮һ
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Ϊܼ򵥣ǰļУλǾдū壬˹档
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Ƕڡ
Ҳλϣȷһʧ
׼ǰϦ糣Ҵ
ͬʱһЩ˽ܵĻһЩء
˵꣬ҺȻЩԥĿŵܣƺ˵Щʲôվû˵ʲôȥ
ŵȥķԥô꣬ûС濶֮˵
ԭܼ򵥣˵Σ
ǸΪΣ
飬һʱ䡣
ǰɷ죬ڵڶѾ
졣
Уٹ٣ΪС
ȻģֻһЩ졣
Ϊߣǵܣλá
˴Σһ࿴̫ʦԼڽ֮ҿŵܣϵ
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һڵҵһ£ڶཫΧŵܡȥ
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ܳΪ潫ʿģҲǵΪ
Ҳ˵һڴҲǵΪɡҲ֪١
̳͢ϡһҲʮڡ



157 ̰˧
ʮڴͶǵɡ
ʮڵɴƺܶ࣬Ҫԥ֮أҲͲˣԵЩ١
ȻءдյһЩеȵȵȵȣ̵жپӣֻеһˡ
ܿһڴҲһȡ
ûмơ
Ľ룬һڴɵľλͨ׼ʥޡ
ڶཫ죬֮£ûмܵС
ҲǴµҪ֮һ
ͬʱҲԿҪá
ǧ׵һ
УһڵʵۣʮҲʹѵأҲûá
Ͼվһɢɳ
ǿ󷨴ڡ
ǿʺϵ󷨣ԽϡԽ٣ѲԴҪҲԽߡ
󷨶ڴվͳֻǸ
ܷӴ޵Сµģֻн졣
һɴɴ̾еľ󣬿ֻг޽ɵʵ
һλŵĽ֮Ⱦǿ
ʱһڴ۴֮ʵԻᷢ޴ı仯
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Ȼͳ˧ܱϾǴ˵ҡ
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̫ʦ롣ƽ

ܿ죬һۺأˡ
һλλ󽫳ڸԱǰ־ͨʹŴ򶫷ȥ
Դ󲿷ֽʿɵıٶȣ꣬һܷɵǰս
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һڴƺƵڶ󽫵Ĵ£ƺ޿赲
һپУȴǳһ鱦ķɴ
ӹɶưܴ죬оڷɴߡ
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뿴³°ףܽʿ
ǡ

Ϊٵλ״ӣƷɻĳǶͽ˾С
ɾ磬һڵھŲΣһڵڰ˲Ρ
һٶܴ꣬ﵽزʹǱǿ֧֣ҲǾԵ콾
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һ֮Уûм򵥵飬οռҪλľС
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ǿɲֹǿ󣬱ʣ°ڴӰһ룬鲼С
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ʱ٣ɻûдﵽǰǰһ֮¡
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˴󽫡˵˴˧Уǳ壬֮ˣڴûжٳԿᶨһɡ
УҲǡ
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·
һɺƣڸ˷ԲƺڵĴչâ̲͸һ㡣
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ϡ̫ʦĴ˴γǴӼġʡ塢ɴعñʮڡ
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ԼڸǶţطӶᡣ
ѾһСǲȥүֵԷӶᡣ˵
һЩ˿ʼվ䡣
вš
ʵҲ̸ĽĿļӲ䡣
ӶԴԼ̫ԼϣһЩء
ϾĵطȽڴ̺ʹСƶ񤡣
ΪѪ壬ȴǿ
ʵնʵǲĵġ
Žԣȴǲ̫ࡣ
˶˽ģҪǴ̳͢Ҫͥ
·һ붼ȥ߾ֿġ
ϾһЩأ߾֮غԶ
ĸܴǵطȥȫ
ǹء
ͥؼǿļͬµĹء
ˣ̣ǹеһԱ



158 ֮ǿ
̡ġ壬Լ
˵ˣĲܹأ£ҲûǸʵ
Ҳ˶ġ
ǹȥǰ߰ʮ
Щ꣬ȴǽòͬˡ
˭о˴̵ĲȣǹԽȵİƺڶҡžݡ
԰ڵķ壬ڴԽԽ
ȡĺô
ҲͶҲ˫ʱϮˡ
Ŀⲻɫɨжһһʮλ
ɳȥʮλȫˡ
Ǵʵļɣ
̵廹ڣ붫֮׽ڶʵ
㾡ȫܡ
ʮ꣬ʱ̫ãܶ˵ĶˣοմȨңһ
ºܶ˶ڿλϢ
ԼѴһĻᡣ
˴δ̳͢ݣǰͬҲ⡣
Ȼʵϴ̸ܳȫƽǹҪġ
ĿһѺܲĵ
˵ˣ˭ûտģǸԵֶΡ
ܿܰˡ
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˼ٿʼӦ֮ߡ
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ֻǿУ˫ʧ٣
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ʮĶӪС
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ǵĶҪˡһɫӰĮԼ֮˵⡣
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ӷ˹ڼ̴пܻ塣һЩ
༸˵ͷ

ܵ˵ĵ졣
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ʮУ඼ǸҳŴ󲿷ʵࡣ
Ƚȸɵ˲һΡ
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˫û֣ײУɡɡɣÿʱỵ̈ȥ
ʱģд޽ȥ

ⳡսҪĿ֮һ
Զ˵ܻģǾӢ
Դ˵ܺȥһЩǺõģԼҲʾƣ˳
Ǵ󲿷ֶûѡ
ֻҪǳܷΧڣͿĬĬš
սһ죬ʱս
ǹ޵ѪζԽԽŨ
£˫ַδսСսǴսûͣ
̴޽ʮλλǴ̳͢ģ඼һ
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ٶһ
ʱһʧɫ
𣡡
̣ٻʲô
תۣңԶĶһǿ޺͸һŭ;棬Ϣٶ
ˡ
һΣܼʶһ档
ǿľˣ
ը죬ա
һһʼɫҪӣûҪֵ
ɡӵĻᶼûС
׺ֲ֣ٶͷϵֻһԵ
ֻǲʮǶʮ֮һôˣɵݺڵϡ
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ƺȱôһܴ䡢۷֮ˡ
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УڴﲻУûɳ
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ʱȥݴΪȻ֮ԲʱЩСĦ߸֮䶼Ϊƽ
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еһѹ
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ΣԴءԴǺ¡
ֱӴӸн׹ˡ
ڶԷǲĻ죿
ģԷҵЦ
ڴأһҡˡ



164 ڹǰƻʡ

´Ӱ߽
߽һվһߣλȥЩ̳ȥ١
ҽ
Ը߳԰׵ɫȥޱ飬һһԴһɳζҲһɳšŵϢ
һ˫΢˫ۿ⡢ﰵڶϢӰ
һۣȥ쳣أʲô
һŰɫȹһ׺ɫʯΣϸޱģѩ׵ǣ޳񾱣Ͼݡ
ȹŵĽڣеͬеӡ
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ԸֻǿһۣͿǻۡʲôӰ
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вĿһԸߣֵ̫࣡
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أԻ
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ܺ⣬ƽµ˫Խ΢ڹǰƻʣ
һԵǼʶˡõ
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˶٣Ҷʶ֣ҲֻһţϹ
ҡδزɸġ
£˻ûʲôѾ¶ŭ⡣



165 ̫һ
ĴͳΪƺţܸģ
ˣһǰǸ
ȻŭӿȴҲû˵ķݣֻܿźˡ
ûʲôƺ˼
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лֱһ
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166 Ĵة
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ǰͶأȴɱˣǴصԻܾ޴
ж֮Ͷأ
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167 ı
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168 µһ
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169 Τǧſ
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۲ŴԽ

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170 ֡
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171 ҪǺɨ
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Ը߷ŽȥҲֻţܸܲһ⡣
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Ȩߵ̫λةةȨıƴǸӵĹϵȵȵȵȡ
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Ҳǳڹ֮У˶ִźܴȨ



172 ǸŮϧ
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ǰСԺĹȫͬ
УҲة࣬Ϊӣιعةࡣ
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ϣһƬ
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ٿʲԸҲеѹ֣Ц
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ĸоԽԽ߸ϡңԶˣ
дʱ龰Ҳϰˣһαһ䳡
оԽľнοЩ͹ϵõҡ
ԳƿأЩնĸӲλĺܶңʵʵҶ˵һ䡣

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ߣȻթһߵ

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ӢŲ٣ҶκˣֻҪÿףܻôʶҸʼһͨӣ߽˹š



173 δۿһ
һӰγӿš
Ųѣƽ糣
ţΪˣЩпܳΪصһӡ
ǻʹظǿʢ
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ȥɵļط

һס
ϵ̫ӣ
ϵˣ̫ǻععܲݡ
⣬ةѾعеעڲı䣬ʹҲû취



ѵõһκûᣬһҪعĸı䶼


Уɵ֣ȴ
ټĹ㳡֮УʮӾſԡ
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˫Įӡɱ
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һ죬ڱ̨Բʵֶ
ܲ⣬˺ʱЩ˵Ȼ
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ǡ
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гһ˵ס
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ʮɱʧ٣δʮɱһɲСطɵġ
عܱܵĵطɽ
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ɽһصĵط
һƬΪصĽȺ
λӰʲô
һиҵɽߣɱһλɫȹ˫۴һ͸˿ľŮƽ˵
˵ͷ
ԭǵܲҲɽ
ɲ뱻š
˿˿棬ٴ
ɽʲô
Ҷ̤һ
Υߡ
һߵǣҲΥ
أŮһ˿Īζ
ǡࡣһӰЩ˵
Ů˿µ˫΢һ˿޵Ц

̶ʱ䣬ɽΧչһеɱ
λǿߣ밵ǱɽҲҷ֣Χɱ
ʱһ۶
۲ŴˣʮԾвӳš
̷׷𣬶ߵ⡣
Ǹˡ
齨˵飬ĴڸΪףһ̲ͣԾ
ڹȴԼˣ׷״Ҫ뿪
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ȻѾʧȥ֣Ǿ͸ع£ӵĻᡣ
Ǵȥһкܶ໹ȴԥĲӣȥ
ЩȥģҲûа취ȥ
Դˣܲû
̶һգʮӣѾֻʣʮһһǡ
ǴعС֮ˡ
عõѡԾ
ܵҲ⡣
ⷽ˺֮ܶ࣬ʿ˵಻ʤ
вܡΪٵˣȴٺ١
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ʮһҵѡ£Ѿܲˡ
ȻʮһкϸģҲض١
ʮһ˵ȴϢʱ
̫ӵѾ˽ܡռŵĴ
ǹһĨ޵ĳ֮⣺ɱ


ʮ֮⣬ӰȫУɫ࣬ûаɡ
Ϊ֮˿Ϊᣬһʲšּ㡣
ȻӰһ٣ɫص˼㡣
Ϊ˷ѾɫӰΧסˡ
Ϊ֮˫ͫ΢ȻǺڱ̨ô׷ˣ
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Ӱϣɱ·һ壬ͬˡ
ͬǽǿߣÿһλˡ
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ҡҡͷû˵ʲôɫȴΪţ޿֡
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൤ҪʱһɫâΪɫ棬ˡ
䣬һ֮
أ
ײը죬Բڡ
Ӱȥֻһ˿˿ѪҲٱನһա
ȻˣһԲ
ײನûɢȥһȹŮӴг֡
൤ɫͣŮӡ
ǿߣڱ̨޿ײ룬ûи֮һѾֻ֣һʼ׷ɱԽԽǿŮӾü壬Щǵ
൤ͷҲûж˵ʲô͸Ůһǰȥ
ֻʮȻŮӰһ٣϶һ˿˿η塣
൤ҲͣΪǰԶӰסǡ
һλȫں֮£ʲô
һλصɫȹ˫һ͸˿
̫һˣŮӺЩˣ˫дηĿǺˡ
൤Ҳ̷Ӧ˹̫һ
ɫ̼䲼أһ˼¿Ƕǰ൤ˣ
̫һûȥ൤ȻһʧϢԡ
Ůӵ̣̫ʧˣ
ˣ̡ŮЩ䣬ЩԶ̫һҶ̡
ʴˣ벻ҪΪ̡൤˵
̫һƿһ൤оĮͲмΪ㱳ң
Ƿ̧ͷᶨ
ǣϹˣΪﱳңҶ͵ߡ̫һһЦɱȻ
൤ɫһ䣬˭ʲô˼
оЩѿ֮࣬Щ˷ܡ
ѡң
Դ˽̻壬ڴδۿһۣ֮䣬ʲôûС



174 ʥ֮
ɫѾƽһɼᶨ˵
ȻѾ¶ģǾûк֮·ˡ
һԣ൤ոջЩ˷ܣʱϨ
ȡ֮ģһɸѿա
Ҫģſˣ
µ˫ֶȻգһԵķŭ
־Ҳᶨ沢û˿
̿൤һۣĿᣬ˵ǻ˼Ҫ֤֮װףʲôûС
ûоòԡ
ԭܼ򵥣߸ϣ൤ھԵȺ壬ʲôȽϵ뷨
ƫƫûУȴ벻൤ȴıߣǸ뷨
־ԶӲΪԼ˭ѾΪֶβ
ȱֻһᡣ
ֻҪص
̫һһȣȻˡ
ˣȻΪһ˱

Ҹһλᣬɱ൤һȥΪ顣̫һѹסŭ˵
ҡҡͷѾ
ûŹǣΪܡ
ãҳȫ㣬Ҫ൤ܾĥ̫һƽڶ
ʱ֮䣬ȻѹԲǧأ˺ޱȡ
ʴˣֻҪÿ·л൤
ǡһмЦ̫һﲻмڻƺʡعϵ

Ϲ
ѵϿԱѡ
ŭ˼̧ҪԳ֡
ߡ̫һ˵ֿܵġ൤ǰ
ġ൤ɫҲջѣջԷ̬ȡ
ѹ·ŭŵ
΢㶣ͼ̫һͣˣԶЦ㻹ͦӵġ
˵䣬̵Ҳ
һӴĻɫٶһ쳹
˵ɴ۾ΪǾһֻɵȸ
ǿֱһźɫ桢ʮϢ͵˲Զ
īʥ֮һȸ
̾ȵ
൤˵ͷɫ
аӳعĵ̣īĴʥ֮һȸ
̫һɲ⣬Ҳȸܵס
̫һ俴ţԱŮ¶һĨζЦ⣬š
£֪ɷÿһ·ȸͣӴǿƣһ
īʥȸˣīѲѾͶ̫һζ˵
īǷһ飬Ծ̫൤һΣÿ·ٴƽ
īλ̫һƽ
īһȸ
ϴӡ̫һһĨЦ⣬
º⣿жһĨء
īãȻˣΪһ־Ͳˣû뵽ʥȸϴӶ
ǲΪﹲͬˡ̫һЦ
ʱ൤ɫķ
ѡּˣ
ңԶһͳѹ˷ܡ൤̵ɫ䣬ֻңԶУһɫĳȻٶȶ
󡢴һƬơ
һ䡢ǿᡢϢرɫ
ʥȸУǣһ쳹
ˮߡ𣡡ޱȣŨŨĵ⡣
ٺ٣ȻʥҴźˮ߶Ρܣ
ȸ֮ꡢҴصˡع򡢹Ҽ˷ܵԽԽ䡢Ѿǰ
һǧɵĺɫߣ˫Ѫ졢ȸ
һǿƣ˿
һ֣ô֪һЯʥǰѾص˼㣬Щ⡣
īǷһ飬൤Ѿмīңǵݡ
ʥȸǰɶԷô֪ģ
һȦҲͰˣǰ
Ǿ˵ʥ޵ȦףҲֻжԷȡʥ֮꣬ع֪ʥ޻
ٺ٣ͲҪ֪ˡˮ֮Уš
ʵҲֻ֪ǵõ˴ˡ
ЩѲҪīһ빫һ
īʥޣȸ׻䣬ҵĺˮߡ
ÿһͷʵǿ
Ҫԭ򣬱еʥ֮ꡣ
ֻʥ֮꣬ſԴǰǿĻޣԱΪʥޡ
ʥ̫֮ˣľīҡҵͷʥ֮ꡣ
ֻҪȸ֮꣬аգ´һͷҵȸʥޡ
ʱԶҲͲī̫ˡ
ţԶ̫һһлةˡˣΪѹˡ
˿̫һ
ɫѾЩҵ൤̸һĿǸ
ةˣ
ֻһӰԶ˽һɴϢϲŭ
ǴĴة֮һΤ
ΤΪصĿһȸ൤ˣŹ˿ˣҪϲˣΪҴһʥޡ
Ǵʥϲ
ڵܣȷĳ
Էε֮һһٳΪ˴ظ߲㣬ҲõǰδеӣѾΪ˵ܵļӵߡ
൤жһƬ䡣
Ҷ൤֪ûãΪһʼ̫һס
һԷͻ֡
Ȼ󣬹źˮˣ
ϴʱΤʥٶȸҲûһɰ롣
ʥ֮Ҫع͹īҾԻܵش
īҡҡҲӰټǿļҡ
ԭ򣬱ʥ޵Ĵڡ
Ҫʧȥһǳء
кΰ취

ͬʱ

֮Уڴ
Ϣ󣬴ӰһӰ֣ϥع̫أΪ˲ˣûܽȥ
⣬̫ǱչأǡڹС
ûܵκӰ죬һӣӰʧ
ĵܣǹһĨЦЦĻߡ

ড
˻˻
أ

Ƶؼ䣬ֻȻݺײһ顢ռ
һֻ滷졣
һֻ磬ʮ㡣
ǿನɽѵأͷϹɱ
һצһˣ̺ǿԷɽ
Զʥȸ·Ķ̫һΤн˿˿ļɵ֮⡣
ī֮ʵǿӰټǿļ֮С
ʥ޹Ȼǿ
ȸͲʲôˣҲǸͬһ֮С
ͬʱҲΪ棬֪īʥ޻ģ
Ȼ棬Ǿȥѯʡ



175 Ψ
ةԵȣȥͽϢ󣬶̫һΤ˵
ͬʱҲʾעһЩҪȸûӵ
ΤĿ⿴һ̺൤һĨ
ǲ֪ôұѴأ
㡣Τ
λҵĶ̫һиΪɵ
֮ʵе˿˿ѹ
䣬ϼһ֮⣬ǰĶ̫һѹ󣬸֮࣬Ǹһ˿
ڴѾʶųˡ
͸
̫һͷ˫Ųѵ൤̡
ͽ֣ŨŨɱ⡣
̻䱸Ȼ֪ûá
Ķʦ̫һǴĴة֮һΤ
ܷġ
־ܣȴҲܡ
൤ͬˣǿʹ˼ƽŶ̫һ̫ӣ㲻˽ɱҡ
ǣһ̫ӡ̫һЦмһףɱ
൤ɫ̲סһ䣬Ȼѵʣ
ߣԡشģԶΤ
Уţ
һǲرڵо֮
ο൤˽ȣɱΣ
̫һһֿ̣൤Ҫͽģ
ǳһĹâ䣬һ޷ݵ³֮ⷽ䣬·˳һ㣬ӿ൤ˡ
̡൤ˣæҧ֡
ֻһ˱൤Ҳ⻹Ƕ̫һ֡
̵֧סˣҲǿˣ൤˲ˡ
̫һһŭеһжҽ̵ģ㻹Ҷ
зǣӿѹȥ
Ǳߣ̫һ֣ʥȸæǿѺˮߣܡ
ϧ׼õΤ΢΢һЦӶһ֡
ʱռž򿪣ĸֳ֡
ϴ
ΤһѪҪѰĵҲķ
Ѵ鱦Ρ
򿪣ֺ̼䲼գ޾ѹй¡
·һ󺣳֣֡ѹ
ȸٶ͵һͱˮ߲ˣִѹգݺݳȸ
ߣٺ٣աܡ˷ܵ
䣡
ֻȻΤİȸ·硣
ߣʮ󣬶̫һһƽ̴Ѫֹ
ֽ൤ô
һӣӵһֱվŮǰŭδǡ
˵ֱ꣬ӳȸ
˵Ǳǿߺݺѹơϴ˵ȸ
ŮΪӦǱ̣˿֮¡ʿ˫Уһ˿ӡ
һԼĶ֣ˣ
ΪǸһӣ
̾˿ֵˣȴжˣֱͳ̶ֵ𣿾Ϊˡ
̧Ŀ⣬ҲֵӰ˵ûʲôֵֵã
̫һȫɢķľѾ
Ůһӣ˵Ƭռ䡣
̲ס¶һĨ㻹Խ޴
㲻̱˫ۡ
ԣǲһͳкβãΪԼôŬŮһ
˫Įڳң
Ůһ˼صסǡ
һһĶǰͳҲԴԺ̫һӦû빬ִ࣬ʱڴߡ
ɾͲ֪ܵ˶ˣ
ʲô˼Ůӵ
ǡЦ£ƺʲôĿ⾹ƴ˸ɫƽŮӵĿСȻһͬ˽𣿡
Ůû˵š
ҲûŮӻش˼ƽĵӢ䣬ֶθ߳ߡ
ԣЩԣֹȻҸĽ̸ֻжʮ䣬ദʱ䲢ࡣ
ҲܿΪɣŮɫ̰ͼ֣Ӣ·Զ
ʱʱ̣̿ˣһޱȵθС
һĴһ󲻵ΰӣĻ־ľŮһ롣
һˣ
ЩŮһ㶣̡
̵Ļڼѹʲôǻ𡢿Ǳ
Ψˡ
ûӦе¶ȣĿԶֻİҵ
Զô߸ϣƺ͸ñ
֪һĽŮ˵жʹ𣿡
ЩüŮӣһ˫۶̲סɴЩ㵡һһ̣㡭
̱˫ѹĻ˵˳һĨɸС
֪Լ
ûֻǸһ꣬㰮Ľ



176 áʶô
ǲǸо֣һ仰ڣ̺Ʒдʯ˫ۿźǾŮӡ
Ůӵͷ
ĽǲͬġЦ£ŮӡΪ֮ΰĶҩһһŮӣûһŮܾܾ
˫УĨͬٴγ֣ʱ֪ˣҲġ
Ůû˵ʲôȴǲһ
ŮӢۡ
Դĳɫˡ
ŮӰĽġ
ԭǺֵܵģ̵Ļľǹ΢΢ҡš
֮ɫŮӰĽɰĽֻǰĽʶԼĽϴ֮оͱֳһЩĿȻˡ
ȴնݰĽʱףֻҪһĵ£һӰ£еƽŮӡ
Ůˣһ֮Уôֻʵʵһӡ
ĸԸλ߸ϵԸ⡣
Ҫģһ£һӣӺ
ûѡ񣬸ѡˣֻ־Ҳˡ
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ԶǸˣˣϲŭἵʡ
ԣѡ˷̿һһ൤ûкڵ
ŮһüȻ䣬оԼˣֻǰĽҲ൤
ĵļ尾ûϣĵȴУѡʵһ˿ʹ̼
΢΢һ㶣Ĭûз
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ʥȸȴͣԭزҲʧȥǹĸо䣬ָ˱ޡ
ٺ٣ӡ˷ܵ𣬺ˮһɺһɶص£ҪܵĻ档
Ǿȸ֮ꡣ
ʥ֮걾ذûм˽ӴīԻֽš
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ʹǿҲסǿסˣȸ֮īҵĻҲȸ֮Է٣ֱʧ
˸ֹˣΨīһʥ֮ڵĹһ˵ֻнһѧϰ۷Ĺ𣬲ȡȸ֮ꡣ
ֻˮ³ȸ֮꼸طʱҪȸֹ֮ͣ˶ˮһ¡
ͬʱȸ֮ܣҪޣȴ̫һѸסĻĿѣ޿κΡ
漴ˮһڽǽ㡢ЩƵȸ¡
ҵҪīһҹ˭ʤһ
˷ܵǹɼ˷ܸΡ
ΤҲ¶һĨЦ⡣
īҶڴ˵Ҳһ谭
ԭܼ򵥣Էּ֮һǰ
عСʱܵīҲٰ
عǿСʱīȴվ˴ض档
Ǹ
ܿ죬˾ʹ̡൤ء

ռĴ֮УΤ̫һѾ˴ξ˵˳
𡢹¸е֧֣Ҫʱ´صʥȸܿŹĮ
꣬һ񡢼ᶨ
ã¸ʱ䡣ܵ˵һӣ¡
Ӧ⿴۶̫һ¡
֮Уֻʣ˵ܺͶ̫һ
ŵգеԽӳء
û̵ܽõӣͷĬϢ̫һ
ߡһ𣬶Ȼصռӡ
Ŀ⿴Ŷ̫һһĨǳؼɱӣ¶Σû뵽˲ã鰮
̫һͷû˵ƺĬϡ
ϣһӡˡܵĮؼ˵
زٸ̫һ
ҷ´ʮڡٺ»ɣ¡˫³֣Ӳűֻ֤Ž
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̫һһӦ
󣬶̫һת£Ŀһۡ
ҲһĨŭ
òһŮ£û뵽ɱ鰮Ӱ졣
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ЩŮЩʲôС˵Ҫߣ
鰮
ʶô
޴

һٴ˼֡
֮¡൤ԡֻһ΢¡
ֵͣۡ

̫һУ󲿷ֶˡ
ˡŮӴӭ
ˣŮζӽԺ࣬Ľѵϣȡ
סŮӳ
ҽڶ̫һˣλ
ְλ͸һ㡣
ҲԳΪ¡
֮£ٴη̫һ
ͷһѾڴ֮УΡ
һΡ
Ĭһ£̲סʵˡ
ѴңĽ𣿡̫һ
һ̾û˵ʲô
ߣһ̡̫һȥӱ䣺Ҫ൤ûô
ĮȻ̫һķŭòˣȻ
ͬʱҲ⣬ˡ

ڶա
ʹĿĺܼ򵥣ʣ൤Ȼ˽ܣҴطںδ
ѵҴؿսɣ
ͬʱ൤˽ܱɱϢҲѾǲ۷׷ס
һЩȴĲӲع̫Եˡ
ǱϾһ̫ӣȻ˽ܣҲӦþôֱɱˡ
һЩȴоʹģðĴأ
Լظڴˡ
ͬʱةҲڿԾһж糣С



177 ߡ͡ӡʥ
ԽʮеԾȫꡣ
ͨʮֵģһʮˡ
󣬴ؾټлǵȴˣͳǵ֡
ٸԾһԱȣеʮһУͨԵģֻһҡ
ȻϿȥֲشʱĿȱóһ֣һЩҲͲˡ
ϾóĲһ
Ȼڵܵ˵ЩҲѾ㹻
ֹ죬ؾͷͨ񵥣Ͽաһݵɫͨԡǵһˡ
ˣˣ
ûҵ֣
ѵûֵģͶûͨģ
ԭҡͨˡ
һκξԣǺˣܳΪһ
ϲ˹û뵽ȻΪڶ
ףΪʲôûҵ֣
ߣûȥ֮ˣҪȻǰôɣ
ޣ֪ˣſ͡


һʮһҵĲ۷׷ףеĴСĶĿƽգ۷׷ס
ʮһûͨȻʧ䣬ҲΡ
Ͼ֮ˣľеġ
ξԣ¼ȻԻ󲿷˶ˣһûܳΪһȺУһʲʵһ̾
û뵽ֻǵһط˫ҫǻ۹âĸЩʣС֮ĵ
λӡȻӰǰϿգԳɷһ˸еѹֵϣϷϲͨĲӣҴػӭǼ룬ԺԱǡ
ǰʮ֮ˣܵõҴؽ
ڶһҲû˸£ʹûͨģҲֻܰʧ䡣
ûͨĲӣҴҲãȴգʣӸλҵܳΪͬš˵
˻һʮһӼʹûͨģҲһȡ
Ǻε
һ仰Ǹеܡ
ͬʱҲ˼ûͨˣã
ڶӵۣ˵󣬾ͽ
֮УϷڸԼµسѾۡ
⼸ͨһо󲿷֣Ѿźã¡
ƷةƷ
Щˣаǧλ
һǧ˼˾ǶǿУ³ɫҪһЩ˲ţڡȵȣǾ¡
ʣµľŰС
Ϊɫˣܶ˶ųɼࡣ
ΰǣ˵ǣԼ󣬶ˡ
ԴӴعְȱˣȱ˲š
¸߲㻹ȱеײ㣬ְܶλǿȱ
ײ㲻˵ˣǰǧ˼Ͼһǧˣǵײ㣬Űˣв㡣
Եһ񣬼ĿⶼԼ΢΢ЩЦҲϻָһһŹâ֡
ǾŰһʮУƫһŵģİˣʣ֮˽˫š֮š
ѾʺϵĲţѾֳˣλ뿴ƽȵΪæµû취ΪЩ벻
ʮλس׷׽ʶ̽â֮Уеݡ
ŰһʮУƫһŵģͲö˵
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178 һͳ¡ȱߺ
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ԼĿҲЩĿŹ⣬춯صĴ
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˳ԭȥȰȰһЩˣϨ˼
˿ĵӣжûˣ
̲סЩ̾
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ڸȵȲŵİ칫
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տŵĴУǳȵĴҲĴ
ǹɻȣƺҪеĿտžһЩ¶ȡ
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Ȼ䣬һĨЦ⡣
οҲСĻá


186 һǿ
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Ҳû˾ǺԶĮĮɫЦˡ
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Ҳֻһ˲䣬Цݾʧˡ
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ǷġĳȵĴ
Լѡûд
Щϣ¶һĨ˵Ц⣬漴һһʱ̱־衣

һ죬ǵķڡգءȻĳǳأȼˡ
ɢ˻һֱ˰ʱңŽɢȥ
һһˣȫԾߵǰ¡һͷȥ
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ǳԽԽ࣬Ϊףôܲģ
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㿤ƽءҶ硣
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˵˭ԣʹŹȥ˽꣬ˣܺ



187 طơĿ
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⻰һŮ˴󾪣̽еУԲУôܽɽ
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188 
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һ⣬ضһĿ굱ȻǺΪǵλûʵⶼѡ



190 ǲ
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191 ǡǼ
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192 ս
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峤ͷνֻҪȫȥˡ
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һЩƮ졢ɽȼ䣬ʿص˵һ̾ʦ壬Ŀһͳ𣿡
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200 㲻ú
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ڤҡͷ·ЩƮ죺Υ⣿
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ҸȻе˲̡ͬȴҲûа취֮Ƕɱ֣Ѿûк֮·ֻʹɱ֡

ΪʲôǶѾعΪʲôҪɱǣһɢΪ֣һǰͶصСѧ챯ޱȺ
زҪĶ֮ˣҲҴΪһһɲм
عв̣⵽Ӧģ㲻ú


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ӰټУΪʵҲһҡ
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201 ʺϽ
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ϽԽԥȹ׼ˣÿ
ɫƽһ¾㱸ֻҪعһҴж



202 ھŲ׶
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ӳáӣ䡢ظѾһ顣
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ھŲϸ˵ԷΪ׶Ρ
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֣Ҳڵɡɡ
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ͨаղڴ󲿷ֵڶ׶ǿߡ
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عڵɱ¾ĻֻǹĴƣ˿Խǿ
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ԭܼ򵥣ûкӡ



203 󹬡ø
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ûһᣬɫһüͷ΢忴Ų󣺡ҪǺ֣
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ǲɣö³֣ò̴һˡ
ǹѾ˺ѧ֣ȥ˳˵ǰݷһλѡ겻һĽӻ
ЦݸŨ˼֣Ҳż˹Ǿͺٻˡ
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šӦһ£Цŵǻ뺫Щˣ彫
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·գۣ㱻֡
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˳ĬзŭԽԽŨ
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һԱӦŲֱһ̴롣
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겻üһʱûа취
Σ겻վعҪǹӺ֣дá
ǹҲ˵ʱգضҺһ
֣Ψһعϵģֻˮ
ΣǾò˴ߡ
ة˼ǣعֻвǣھ͹ǣ
겻üͷһ壬ҡͷǲǣҺڲܶģɳȥ̽һ²ɡ
ڳһʧ䣬Ƕ겻˼ˡ
ܶģһ仰ͿԽлѹȥ
浽򲻵֮ʱֻЭ
֮ǰǿٿ̸̸ġ
ֻһ֮ġ
ţŭЩѹƲס޲ſھ˵ˡ
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ʲô취
ںǸ߸ϣһԾ˵ˡ
عʲô

صعʹϢĵطżҲż
˭ȨҲ͵˶Է
ʹ֪عھ͹򺫹Σ
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ҡ
ǹҲز֮һ֡
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عôרҪأ
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عҪ֣Լ㣬һдãҲҺδʵΪҺ׼һˣԳص
һȰ֮⡣
Ȼǻ᲻ȥ
ȥȥԴã˺δʵŮӿڡͬһȰ衣
Ҫɵׯ³ĸ֡
ҡͷһЦһĨж𣬹µģڻûȷأǲô״Ӧġ
һôףҲ˵Ǻпܵġ
Ե飬ǿ͸ׯüͷһЩ
ԡüͷ壬ϡǲǿ͸ǹ֮һ̫֡ء
ûн䱳ϣǿԶģȴС
ׯɫӲһ£û˵ʲô
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ûжãӸȥ
ŮӿźǵıӰ̾һ֪Ѿѡˡ
ڻظ·ϣЩЦԽᶨ
δʵվδ
ڲ֮ãһعԺûжá
һͣعǰ̫Сˣ
Ǻӣںںܶںʱӱܣ
ҡعδزȰ
һͳµҰģȹĹȴǻδض
عΪ£ࡣ
ţЦԽŨ
Сı
ҵĹңϣԺˡ
һصԼۡһ£ֱȥ



209 顢и

Ҫȥع˫üźǣȻ飬֮Ҳעжٸ飬ǰϾɫĶӡ
Ȼ䣬Ҳ̸϶ϲɲòϣԺǺõġ
ãֻȥعܶҺ𵽸á
عһͳ֮ģ˾֪˶ΪعȹҺδ˭Ҳ˵
ŬȰ˵ȹκ˵
һ˼
ȻԺ̫ܲϣһݻᡣ
ܲܶסع̩ɽѹ֮ƣϣعȹ򺫹ع򺫹ǹκԹ
Ƕ¡
ѲԼ
ġ仰ͨõġ
αˣǲὫ㽻ȥġɫºƺǲԸ
ǵͷȥסһĨΡ
ҪǺ䲻Ϊ˵䡢ڡ
αظ
ҡ˽ΪʲôҪһ飿
Ѿȫ
̾һεˣȻȥúôڸСʱҪȥ
Ӧˡ
俴źӰ˿˿ԥ漴ͱᶨĮû겻ǰ
ӡʲôģȽڹ˵ʲô
֪ʲôҲ֪
ܴϸ֮ģں
֪㣬ҶģԼغǿǿʱ˺
ס㣬ֻܹԹԾͷ
겻˵ǲɿڡ
Ȼĵʮ죬ãǡ֣˻عˡ
ȥ̸
ʵҲûʲô̸ģɣȥ
嶼ûʲôŪĻᡣ
عʹȥ˾һԿš
عĿģѾ֣Ƕ֪ʲô顣
عʹǺɫĹӣһǳĴ󳼴ˡ
׾١Ĵߡ
Դˣ¶ʡĿ⡣
ȴû취
ˣ̾Ϣ
ε̾ϢԼһ
һ¥֮ϣׯĬĬعʹȥ
ְԵǵһμ
ΪںǼַԹӵĽԵ
·λεĸˣǾµһ
Χ˶ǵһȡ
Ǵ֮˵ԽСҲȨ
ˣʱҲеЩ
˵ܻ𣿡κŮӵʲô·ֻƽ˵һѰ֮¡
ׯ˳Ĭǲ֪Ĵ𰸡
ΪҪȥµһֲ֮ء
ҪԵģҲµһȨ֮ˡ
ǲǻʲô
ʹǶϲҲԼĽ
ȴҲףǸҡǸˣ˵̫߸ϡ̫ңԶˣ
ֻҪǲ˵ǸȹȴģͼǱ
ߣ»ҪġϢڵԽᶨǾüҹͶع
ׯŮӵͷ

һҹ
Ը˼ҹУЩ谵Ĵ֮Уֻˡ
ΣǵǺɫĹΣҴһ仰ǹԹԵľȥ
ҪܾҴغ𣿡Ը˵·𲢲Ƕ̫⡣
ҹһ䣬ܵþһŭϾǿֱӵвˡ
ȴûзΪʹҲûãɱԷ
ʮϢ󣬼ҹȻһЦΪˬԴ˿ĳɴԸعġ
ԸҲЦˣȻЦЩ䣬ȴҲһȫ֡ʤȯյĸоȻ˽ܣĳضϱΪԡ
ǾлԴˡҹЦţ漴ЩصԴˣҪȴǵóӡ
Ŷ˵ԸԸв졣
Դ֪ѾʼɼĳˣȻߣˣʱ̶ҡ
Ϊأȴ벻ֻ֪ǲöǶѣһҪˡ
ԸĿģӦóˡ

֪ܲԸߡҹ˼չһм
ҲûȤ֪Щսˡ
գҲۡ
ңսģվʵײ
ʮһʮգϢ
һЩټڼ顣
ܲ¶Щ棬ڴ֮أνҵĴˡ
Խ棬ͻԽҪҵԷ
ȻҪôҪô
ѰҺͽעתƵ档
սʼҲѾ׼ô꣬׼֣Զǲġ
£Ҫ
ҪǣعҾ񼸺ڱš
ҪƿغãиҲ̫Ӷϵ
еĶȣ鷳ʵǳġ
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˵ݣ˵վЩʹ֣Ҫ£Ҫ
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Τִ֣
ںǣ˼ţǺҲûбİš
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֮ǰûµعҪ֣׼ȷĿģҲֻû뵽عһ֮ôж
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ʱڣǲܳˡ
е˿纫κԵȡ
Ҳνģ롢Ѿ׼ˣʱعжж
û뵽ǽŲѡʱſ֮ʱȴôϢ
е˶˳
ǿڱŵҲиˡ
عʱ䣬ǲԺ֡
ǶЩصգ˲١
һҹ׼ǰȥĳλ֮ʱ
Ȼڱ̨
ʱƽ˫ۣһҫĹâ
ˣŲһĴζԳǡǰȥɽ
ĸʱѾųɽ
ʱЩһˡ
仯˿ı䡣
ӵİԵӵļ·緢·𼴽Ҫʲô춯صĴһ㡣
գټǡ¡ξԡԼ˾
λڸ󡢾󳼡
һܣǱĸֱܵ仯оɲ
ǶʲôܵӪİֶʮܸԱ߽
һ䣬˰ɴ۾һӲ
ӪԱ߽硢ܡ
̶̵ĻУ̺Ϣ̫ࡢ̫࣬Ҳ̫
ġǺ˿



210 ӭȢ
ʮǰӪ£Ϊפһ֧޵µĴ
ʮɱİغ䣬ڴʷһĴ£ɨ¡
Դİؼĺ䣬һֱӪ֮С
ԭܼ򵥣ûһλķڷ
ڼʮӪİ򽾰ѱĴ붼ѾӪ
Щغĸ߲㣬ҲΪ
ӪʣµģӦûһٶǡ
еİ
Уİ֮⣬˭ͳǣ
Ա߾
ҪԹ
⡭
һʱ֮䣬Ƕվ綥ˣҲЩƽ
ҪǶԵܺΣΪ⣬ǶΪͿˡ
ܷ·ûп˵ɫ˾֮ҲܸԱ߾
˶٣˼һڡرضȥԼ°ɡ
ξһҪ˵ʲô㱻һִϡ
ȥ˼ԡ
һۣȻ̫Ļʣվȫѹȥ˳
ܰţ˶ǴغģԿ֮ˡ
ʱһһ֪ԴأŸΪ
Ҳߡ
ˡ
ĵĿ⿴֮⣬һĨΪĹâ

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ٹԱˣԵЩꡣ
ʮգս˻صǡ
һΣûʲôڣڵս˴ܿ˵Ŀ⡣
ڴصĶĿ
һϢϴյǹսϢ̼Ӵ˶ս˵̽
һ֧κС
Ŀ붼սʱһ֧֧ɢĴʼܸԱ߾֮ء
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׼ԶáģֻǾܵȥ
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һֱʮգѾһǧǳؾڴӸǳظȹءԱ߾֮ص·ϡ
ԴԴϵļ
رµĶԽԽ˿ı֮£̫İڿӿš
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ذеĶԽԽ󣬴󵽼ʹսˡͰ֮£ټȥҲûڸȥˡ
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üͷ΢һ˼
ĸǸ˸Ůӡδˣǽġ˷
Ŀ̲סһĮĸƽû𣿡
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ҲںܵĻһᶨЦΪҿ˶ŮӣҴصѪĸǰҪ¡
ĸҵģһ⡣
û˵еش
ԼΪ⣬ѾϰˣҪǲ֡
ԹԵĸ˵һŮΪǡ磬⡣
ҡǺҲÿҴغͺĹϵ
˵ţЩһ㶣ΪĿȻһ¡
ĻЩ˵ȥˡ
̧Ŀ⿴Լһ˿һԼΪԼˡ
գգۣϤãĸ󿴿ԡκ֮Укγɫһһһˡ
Լһľסˡ
һһˣ
һǿҵΥ͸ԼǸĮ˵ģ
ټλةǰѾתĿ⵭˵
⡭ԼЩȷ
һĿȥʲôû˵Լףոģġ
ԼҶӣ׼ӭȢ
ʹ֪ܴӲЦҲЩš
Լˣλڸ󳼡λ󳼣ˡ
ûԥֱֱȥķ񣬵ܵӭȢԡκĹϵΪΣ
ֻһͶˡ
ͬԼʱǰĶĹԼȴǣǶǲߡ
ҲΪʲôܻȸһЩԭ֮һܶǡ
ǰĶж
ǶԽԽԾĿģ񡭡
ĶĺȥŪһ󶯾
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211 κ
ڻĹϵȻЦ
ǺܺõɣκǻΪعӰ֮ߡ
Ͼ˭֪ڴؾڶߺ͹֮ϣʱڲῪս
ˣӭȢǺһ壬ôܴ
а£һҲ⣬ȢǿΪ򺫹׼
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ˣɲĺɡ
ˣҲˣ̽ӡϸҲˡ
ǻһĻһԼ
Щ˳ʱڽ֮УҪʱ̶ɣǸܡ
Լ֮عĴϴĦ⣬ǻ᲻Ծķ
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˽Щ׷׵ͷ
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ͽ񲿴˵ӭȢ֮¡
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ݵķŻʲô

һߣԼ
˼Լǵ⣬ֻЩ֣ÿ죡
ǲЩ̫ˣ
вֶһ㡣
ԭɵֱˣʱöׯ˽
˵̫󣬴ӭȢԡκ̴ǰ̡̫
Լͷһǵ±Ѿ֪λ˿֪Скγɫ
ҲҪõġ
ȻЦ
ҲһͬһеȻ̫ԡκУɫߡ
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˵Ĳ죬ӲŲæ̫󣬳й񷱶࣬ΪȻҪΪ󹬣ΪѪ
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Լգ۾Щԣļ
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˭֪Ҳֻʱİ
ȢţûãӦöŶԡ
СӦðӭȢҴأǸӡ
ĹѾ˴ӡ


з󲿷ͨڣԴ˶ֻǿ֣ԼԼҴ
ǻ֮ˣع׼͹ϵˡ
֮˱ս˼ȥ
ǰԵģضʱѾ׼ٳ
ͬʱϢҲȥ
񲿡ɳ֧飬ûߵ߲ѾյϢ
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212 ŮϦ֮
ة˵κ˹ѹ˷ŭ֣ص
һ˼عκɺܿͻΪµЦ
ʱκԡЭĵع𣿡
κ˹üͷ㦵Ļûд
ܿ죬ԡ˻὾ΪκԱȡ
ȲԡˣԻЦκ
ʱκ˹ƻعǵԡ
Ϊϸ˵ڴ˴εУκԡǾߡӦ˵ʱߡ
Ҫͬģûʲô
κֱʧˣǾȻȻ˶֡
κǼҵĹ
ԡ
˶ϲԽУ֮ʱ
Ϣԡ֮ˣԻݺչʾԼԽС
κ֮ҲԻܷŭ֮ˡ
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215 Ӧ
⻮ҹٶȿľˣֱӳƲ㣬˵ײˡ
һֻڱϣʹܲӰ졣
ȻҪ
˫̤ȸϣָֻ˫ĿǰɽӴؼڽԹ
֮ԣΥģеһĨ׳־һĨ

ʮ¶ʮհҹʮ¶ʮհҹһ˳˵֮⣬߾֮С
мʱ䣬ȥ˽һЩͲ֡
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217 ٳѱ䡢̶
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232 һ˵
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233 
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234 ѵ׹
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˵ˣĿһɨȻЦһµҺܸˣΪǻõļֵǻܳΪһѽ



235 
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236 һλ

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237 ɴɱǧŹһ
һεܲԳ֣԰Ϊ˧ͳ֮ս
īǿѾܣҲѾзϡ
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238 һͳ
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дΪãгĴ󳼣̣Ҫԡ
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239 Ⱥǿ
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ʹԵܵԺ۽磬еһԵϲá㡣
ϾٰͨŬ󣬵õĹʵ
磬ΪĴ̵Ĵ̫ӣ˺ܶϡ档
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ԶԲ⣬ֻĸ飬˸޷ˡ
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ݴ֮ϣĿͬӵĿšš
һɽ̺ɵĵطɫ桢ϢɲߣǸıʽѹµĿЩӡ
¡һͳˣ
ݺ֮Ϊ̣ҲҳɽıһͳΪǲܡ
ֻǰȥһݺᡣ
ѶҴ

ذ֮أǷ·һСصط
һ߲ϵϴ̾Ϣǣסˣ
ع죬ɽסˣ

һĵط
ҡҡȵȵˣɫЩӡ
ޡ̾ϢЩ塣
һͳ
عѾԽ˹ŽǸˡҲ˹ȥڡδ
졢Ѿˣ
ӽԺǴص죬ǵӰ졣

ʮʮ¶ʮա
һ죬أ£ǼΪƽһ졣
һֱ쳹һʱ·ףصĵ
ظĻ죬˿ûͣµơ
ϳϦ֮սģ֮ݴʮûй
һ죬ҲУֹء
ǣࡣ
Ա֮ˣҲϢ˼֡
һҹܶĬĬģ֮С
һҹ°Ȼ
ֱʮ¶ʮգܷƽ
ʼһͳºӴӵǧͷľ档
һͳ£ѡ
һͳº飬ѡ
е⣬е飬·κһ㣬سѹ
һ죬Ա޴ĸоϾѾȫͬˡ
ãڸ󻮷ְ֣Ȩ
վǳϦҲûһգðٹȫȥǸӵ
ԣһգֻһˣȫͶ֮С
һĳϦ֮գܲͬΪڶ๦߲ûиϻԵЩŨأȱһЩ˼
УԼ֮أޱȵ֡
Ͼһͳ£µ磬Ǵµһꡣ
һеһУ޷
Ϧ֮䣬ɵ֡
δйꡣ
س͢ȴʽʼޱæµ
йԱļȫȡȫͶ뵽Ĵ֮С
ææĲɿæذ
еĹԱָо
ͬʱҲǾȣԽæԽ𾢡
ΪǺÿһ㣬ڿһǰδе·
Ϊǰδеĵ۹Լ
ңʹæٲҲ塣
ΪϷǵһ㡢ԶᵹӰһֱվ
ֹæغȹ⣬ÿһطæ
ææ
ݻסѡ
ΪģΪ̣һ㱨
ھȫȶƣҲڽŴعصĴ¿ܡ
£ǿȶܽ
ʱسſʼ
塢Τȵȣˡ
¶տʼȻ
ΪһλλصĹʼϻ
ÿһλ˻ȸԾ羴ѡ

ȵȵˣոոٴޱ֮֡С
ԱҲ˷
ΪǶԤ⵽Ҫٹˣ
ڹһͳ¡
йʤ²Ļã󲿷ֶѾꡣ
Щ߲ģȴһֱڻۣûн͡
УδٹٻۣҲô󲿷ֹߣ֮أҪ졣

سһһǵǵϸ㱨
һֱʮգһռΪصĴ󳯻ᣬʼˣ
ĺһС
ǧԱȻǵӰλ֮󣬺Ȼ񣺡μ
羴
ǧԱǺε磬һӰ֮˵Ĵ
еģֻǳ羴
ƽܵĮ
ĿһɨڶԱȽһͳ֮ǰʱĴعԱҪǿ˲١
ڹͶģʲô
ҪǣйԱǿˣ
ǴصĹԱϢϢأǿȻҲ档
µģҪǴ֮Լӿ
ɾģҪѰԼĵ̤Լĵ
ǵĵڳѰңǿǵĵȻ
ΤǶˡ
ʵһ
Ϣ̶ʱУһޣʥ۷塣
ٳûͻƣڵơ
ͻƵ޽ɣ̫ѣ̫ܡ
ͻƵɵھŲΣҲ̫ѣҲֻһΣȡǺСĻᣬҪǵְܳæԶͻơ
ɴ˿ɼжôˡ
ͻƣ󲿷ֲԼԭ򣬶ޡ
ȻҲǿԭ
塢̫һΤ˼ҪͻƵʥΣӦòԶˣҪʱ̫æӦѾͻơ
ǡξҲﵽ۷塣
¡˾ͻƵӾ硣
Աʵпͻơ
һͳ£ô֮󣬲Զ
⻹ֻǸոһͳ£أǺܶ˵ĵһ
⿴һԹԸߣԸ̹һ˫һа
ڴ󳼣˼֣һͳ¡
Ϳʼˣһһ
ӰˣƷԱڴʱķ֮С
ְµģͲʸ񵱳ˡ
ˣְλ϶ﵽ壬˵ӵӦǷء
θӵģֻ򻧡򻧵ĸ˰֮
ȴûʵķء
кܶԱˡ
ʵһЩԱȾѾµˣϾܵλʮûиκһ͹ء
Լʮˣһһܷ͡
ٹ΢΢߰ЩϾӹٽܼԱֶ֮һ
ϺԸ˺վһ߾ܵĽԼĴڸС
漴ڸ;㱨ִϢ
Τǡ£ȻѾΪ󳼵İ塢ξԡ˾
һһĸ˵һ顣
˵ǰٷϴˡ
·棬ҪĹԱ̫ѧѧվʱ̫̣Աز㡣
ڹͶĹԱЩ̫



240 ʼʵ
˸ǧسǡ
ǳ֮ϣմعƣǳбһԼӦԱ
ڣȱٽңһ롣
οϵȹְλԱ
ϵȹְӰ첻ǳ֮ĵطǴؾԶĽȫ
ڴʱĴضԣڹɵصϵȹԱ迼ǡ
ҪģǲǳǳеԱ
ϧصĹԱԶԶ㡣
ʵ㹻˲ţܲãûоϸĿˣЩвţҲá
ķ棬ƶȷ档
˹Ա⣬кܶ⡣
Ⱦֲ֣ͬͨ
߶ȵȵȣǴ⡣
Ҫ⣬õذգϹԱ
棬ָ֮

棬ͬҲΪ鷳
ǧǳأÿǳеؾҪİźá
ǣʹڶཫѾԼºܶƫųȥ䵱ǳؽ
ǲϾǲܷ̫ƫпӰǵĴսˡ
Ҽʹųȥ󲿷ֳǳؽʿҲֻǸոմպ᲻˴֮սûж١
ʿҲһ⣬۸˵սͲξزȱξĺϸԱ಻ʤ
ѵǴ⣬ǳؽȥѵ̫ˣڴʱ£Ҳ𲻵ѹһǵЧ
һǵسǽʿɲǵ￴ġ
ٸģҲһصİΣ
ع֮صسǽʿսԸһЩ޻ܵﷸοڹʵء
ڹͶĽʿڶ࣬⻹ɱɱĽ
ǵĴãҲһ⡣

ʮλڸ󳼣ڼдķ飬˵˳
еٹٶʱĴأʲô
˵󣬼йԱ˼
Ȼȥôйڵ֮࣬ȴúܶһ룬з
ȣǹԱ㣬䷽涼㡣
ֻ㹻ĹԱչ
ţһЩԱѾ뷨׼
ȴ̲˹վ˳Ϊǰ֮ǳ񡣡
һ䣬йԱЩĿ˹
ǻʲôģ
˫һĨȤ֮⣬Ȼ
˹ӦһɫŹһͳ£˹δйء
֮󣬴֮ǿᣬŽһ
֣ȻѾţͳĺ֮ȡһţݡ
Ҳ˳ͳĺ
΢㶣漴㶼Ƿ׷׵ͷ
֮ǿ󣬾ԳԽŽ񣬴֣ȷѾ䡣
ǿҲЩŤõ̫ˣ䲻ԼҴ
֮ݣ֮ǿ󣬱Ҫȷһš
Ҳܸ˳ͳ¡
ǧСһţʱʹ˳ġ
飬ȷҪһšһվ˳
ԱҲվ˳顣
ܶ࿴һ˹Ȼкʵģ
̣д󳼷׷׿˼Щ
ǴûᣬһΪȡ˺ʵţǧţܱס
Լˣ˼
һš˹һ˵ģȻ뷨
˵
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йţôֵĳ͹
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̩ȴ˶죬ΪʣȻ󡣡
ٹԱʱãʺȷ̩ʸΪʺϴ
ֻеȻûж˵ʲô˼Ȼ䣬תƵ˺֮С
ʡһңɼŵĴڡ
ڣҪ
ǾԼ䣬ӲԷƱΪԼϡ
ںģһ죬Ҳϡ
û˵ʲôܿ죬ԱУ˺üų
Ϊ۶֣Ϊʺϡ
Ϊʡ

ڳ˵˼ţܴһӣٹ̶ͣһ˫˫Ŀܡ
ۣΪĳƺţԶΪţΣ˼֡
˲䣬Ŀˡ
ʡۣ
ʵۣ
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Ҳֻ֣ϴ
¼ʡۣʺϴæվ˳ɫЩ
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áʽȷӽ𣬹¾ΪʵۣʵԹ¶ʼµΪʼʵۡ
μʼʵۣٹ
ܴһӣʾƽơ˼֡
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Цһ£ǲΪ֮ӽ𣬸ĹΪޡ
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ٹٴ
ܿ죬·𳹵״˼ȷһϵлʵרõơ
¶֡
ʥּ
硭
һʱڶ֪ʶԨޱȵĴ󳼣ϵܣлʵ۵רôʻ㶼ȷ
Щרôʻһģûʲôص֮ȴǸȶһЩ
˸оУҲЩһˡ
ظӵĸߴ󣬴ʼʵ۱¸ӵϡ
һ޷ݵУȻ
ͷ·ǰУԼϰõ׸ƣԱҲɡ
ӹŵŶ֣쳣Ҫ
˵£ľˡ
ʱոŨء
ȴʼɴС
ڸ󳼡򡢺ʮλ䷢ۣԱš
ⲻǵ£룬ܾ˭ҲΥ
Ĺ٣ȴǲʸۡ
ȻȻܷԣǶԣҲһѵõĻᡣ
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˵˼롢˵ǵ
Ĺ˵ѵõĻᣬ൱˽ˡ
ûһλģ
֮ˣţ˽Щǻ¡
֮Уܶ඼ͬģҲͻջأ
ԱĴʩ취
ֵﲻͬİ취
ǲǿ޸ĵ⡣
¸ϰ߲ͬ˼롢֪Ҳһ
ԸصİգǷӦԴ
ȵȵĶκһǣ
ҪǶ֮ˣ֣һޱ顣
ˣҲʱ䣬ŽĴߣȷ



241 ޡ
ʱ䣬дȫĺһУûһλȥ
ÿһ̣ǲϵ顣
ʱ󣬱Ǿˡ
Ƚ϶ԣҪֱһЩ
ʱ䣬һѾɡ
ҲĺһУһʷǰĳ֮ʱңԶʵء
һЩˣҲڴ
һط
󽫾عسǿ߶ѾϻǵĻᰡֻҪعھܴع档ߣһЩ˷ܺͳ޵˵
ҲǷ׷׵ͷعڳʵصǾһδƻ
ɫΪأҡҡͷ
һط
ԭҡͷɫȻعҽسǿٻȻеġ
ǰ˲⡣
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ʱˣٴܵش
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һط
ٴҡͷζ˭֪ⲻعһϹǲٰˣ
عʧȴʧ𰡣
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ǡ
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ϾΪ赣Ҳֳ˲飬ǳ
ͬҲǴҡӦ˵Ǵػˡ
Ϊػˣֲò֮Ͼ¶ѾӮϵˡ
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ϸһ룬赵ȷʵѡ
ã޻ԽƳΪ޴صܿڶ˴¡
󣬾һЩԶĴ顣
ЩҲòҪ׹飬ֻõ顣
һʱգ۹ȥжһĨһգٹټأʽ޴ص۹һͳĺ
ȶʮˣȻӦ
һӴ䣬ȥ
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ֻа˴£ص۹ʼʵ۵ƣиӵ˳ӵĳߡϡ
Ҫֻһʽȴشޱȡ
ҲȵسصڲžС
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֪֮£ʼʵ۵Ƶĳ֡
ܶ˷׷ȥһʷǰҪ룬ʽص۹ش󳡺ϡ
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Ƿ֡ܡĤݵգȴ˿
ʼʵۣ
Ҳֻ֡ϱˣ
ϧҴһͳĺصĳϣȴۼ֤̫ϧˣ
¼ʡۣҲֻб²ϣ


֮أһƬףطʱ⣬ʱûЩϢ
֣ػʹУҲæµ
ƺ赡񣬵ȵǷǳæµ
˵ڳֵġһıɡ
̺ⷽУƷĶ
鱦鱦鱦
ⷽ磬ֻкһֽǿߣӵ鱦εķ
Τϴɱ񽣡
鱦ΣֻƷ׿ܲһ
¡Сϡ۷塣
һͬεķУԻڵĸƷס
ⷽУ󲿷ֶƷ鱦ΤϴҲƷ鱦
ȻҲһЩ鱦ߵģ۷Ʒ׵ġ
ֻǵܲðˡ
Ƴѣʵѡ
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󣬾֮赡
ǵ۵ļ򵥣ֻҪʿԣ֮Ʒס
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ռΪ¡
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ûˣԼһЩСӰټط²ľ߲㡢ҵˡ
Сסκ˹ӺׯܵȵȣС
ǰȻǵܵ
ȳûЩˣЩʲô
ԴعԱǰӡĿ⣬λո߸ϵˣֻѡĬ
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С׵ˣɫģԱ߽ʿǿѹŹ¡
һ̣ﳼضһӰĽ¡
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ܵĮϵÿ˶ƺһħеĳ羴ߡͬʱҲ˳ӵ
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ڳеĿţ𣬶̲סһĨͽš
·ֻϢʱ䣬ַ·˺ܾúܾá
ΰ̤˼̨ߴ
ֻһȼһͭһİ
ûȥЩֶĿ⿴Զ
ת䣬ϿգһĽӰ֣ſ쳤Х

Ϊģ֮Ϊý飬ǧɽˮգˢ˴غ嫽
ǹ֮أǰ֮أڹʵأһˡ
ˣ׷߳ţ׷̧ͷܵ
Ӱټҵ׷֮ͣ£Ƿ
Ϣʧˡ
һѹءޱϵȡ֮ڴؽϵÿһռ
ޡ
̶ĸ֣˲䣬˵ľ
·ƵĻ̻ʹؽУž
ɽСǱ˴ײ޺ɵİȥ



242 
ƺһٳͻޱȿֲ齵١
ʱҲѹ֣Щֱ
£ûİ
Уȡ˷ܡ¡ηݵȵȵӵ
ĿϣƺֳǵӰ
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Ǹֶ°΢΢̧𣬷·ڸһС
ĿңԶأһ̣Ե
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棬ء˿ڡĲƸȵȵȡ
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Ըߡ˶ԭУպĴڣҲΤѡġ
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һͷһ˼ȭЦлԴѣ
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244 
öԷٶ˵ǱѾܵ˲ԡ
ҡڡһ壬ʵǴԨԴġ
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247 ˷

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248 ֮
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⼸ץҲвٷֱƿڴѾϰˡ
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ӣ糣ֲĸоһֱʼʵʮȥ


249 ūԽ
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سУҲԽ֣з˵ˡ
Ϊߣˡ
īҾӡСʥׯңӡԭԹũҿףǡ
κӰټҵˣȴʵ㣬Լⷴ˵ĸ߲֮С
УѾسǵˣʣµġûе
գۣǺüȥи˶Ѿˡ
Ϊ׵ˣҲһʽȫ
һҲûзϻֱǰ
īҾһۡŶң˵֪ΪΣٴμӴ˶յѹȡ
ǣҲͶ˸ǿҡȫͳʣǡ
ԽԽˡ
򸻻֮أǵؾڲϵıѹȥǵԽԽܻŲʱԭɫأ˵
ˣҲ˵˳
ܵ˵㣬һζع׷
ڶġ׳ʵ
ȻҲһЩ취ɫɳأΪǶ֪ααģֻܽһʱ֮ǡ
ľûжԸİ취𣿡ȻһʱĳĬȻ
˻һɫӳء
˭֪ڣֻҪܹԸһ⼸ж⡣
˭Ҳ֪ܳŵʲôʱ
Ը֮ʱûа취ο
Ҳ˵еĲ޿ԡͻȻңӿˣü˾һĿⶼ˲ңӡ
ûп˵ʲôһΣǴ˵еĲޣȻǻ˽һЩġ
ң˼ׯʦ˵С޵ԴݻһС
ҲţݴܵõصôͿӵ¡ԭͷ
ǲ޵ʲôЩȵ
˵߸ӣֱ߹УӦڵ
˻һɫһй̾ڡ
Ȼˣ˵ʲô
Ȼ߸ӣõ޵ȴô򵥵ģȻҲû
δûлᡣ˫£˼
޵ĺӲôô򿪵ģ֮¡Ӧû֪δûлᡣңӿһۼˣĿһƹâ
˵Ļ˽˵˼֮С
޵ҲᣬǸڻسǣǲЩðˣĬϢٴο˵ĿīҾӡ
øīһسǵľīҾµģȻسīҵĵ̣漰Ŀɲīңˡ
ʱԭũҿסҲЩüĿīҾӣȻҲġθ
īҾӲ˵˳عӦòǼٵģ˹۲ʮ꣬ûʲô⡣
Ҵ岻ûɣ
ֻҪ£Ƕһ淴Ҳһġ
ֳȣϸعгׯδز԰˶ǵķشҵ
ʱعϵĹӡǡ£ҲӰ졣
û̱̬ȻûȫŸҲٷԡ
ϣ˰ɡͷ
λģһῴ⣬̽īҾ֣ص
ŷһЩȻңӵȻ֮ҲȷǸСӣȴô򵥡
Ỵ̂༸˶о档
ϣеһϢңЩȷ
иǾ죬
ⳡûٳáɢȥˡ
ǶԷ˾ٰһʢᣬһϵе飬ܡġ
ǲ֪£ԽԽĸ֣سǶ
ȶԻسǷģׯɳ
֪šԴҵīһسڵʼ𽥷˽



253 ô񣡺ôߣ
īһسΪңԶһɽϣվһɫۡɫͷӡ
ֳһصĳĿĿŻسǵķɳׯ
ɫ֮£ƺʲôΪ֪˼
Ƚڶʮǰ̫̫ࡣ
ϾҲֻ̫̫࣬Ҫһ뵽ĨɫٻӰܸܵһĵʹ
ѹֱģŲԸ£ͱڡ

ģ·һ΢紵һɫ¡ƮӢӳ֣ɳĴ֮һ׷
Ҫسǣ׷˫أֱ˫ֻأ˵
ԡׯ³һֻ֣һ֣ȴޱȵļᶨ
īȻԶǰʵɸĪ⣬ǵ
ңīƺ˺ܶˡ׷ʵʵ˵ûη壬Ҳûеǣֻʵʵ˵ѡ
ׯɫ䣬Įˣɴֹ
׷Ŀһ룬ׯѾ˵ӦѾسˣ
ңǽˣǻع𣿡
׷ɫһĿ⿴ׯƺЩʶһ㣬šһĨ⡣
ȫׯʲô֪һ㣬ׯ֪ģԶĶࡣ
ֻڳգЩĬ
ƺһң֪ĳм䡣
߰ɣҲ뿴īҵ񡢻жʵʮϢׯ˵سǷȥ

ңԶ޴һȺǿߣسǵķ򿿽
ûżǴ˷мΧ£ͬʱһһеĵط
žس⳷ͨ
Խ󣬸ޱԽҴ⣬ҪһܵĴڡ
վһɽ֮ϣ޿еϢüͷһ塣
ׯжϢҲû뵽ׯȻᡢȻ˽Խسǡ
ɳʵʹһīҡԸˣοʱЩ۵Ļسǡ
سǣݾߣسе
ţһĨŭʲô

޼ΧӣسǹȥЩ


سУһټʢᣬһƬֵĳգ˿֪Σյĵ
¶ǾīҾ𣿿ӣȺ֮Уûмֵ
Աһа˵СЦţСԴǾīҵľӣӵȻˡ
ǸҴ˭۾ĴֻоֵĲУû˿о׵ʵ
¶С۾գգЩ֪λش
һԵһϣ̲סЦСӣôģԺǸҺúѧѧɣǶǿҲǷصӢۡ
ô˵ҲӢˣ۾
¼磬Ц⡣
С˼ϵ֣һ죬һΪ˫ĴӢۡ
ٺ٣ͲҪôˣ˫ĴӢֻۣҡһЦݵĴȤ
¶һԿ˳֣Ĵ۾Цķ·һÿ
ûע⵽ǣԶң¶СĿ⣬Щء
룬ֱӰдīҾӣӣǸСﲻ֪Ǻˣ
īҾһ㶣ۺЩʮǰһӤȡ£ʲô𣿡
ңӳĬһµ϶ڵĺۼ
īҾһü֣֪ʲô
ңҡͷȴȻԼȥׯʦʾӲ鿴õһЩϢ
īҾӼ˵ׯӸĲ֮£ʵˡ
ׯӹʾҵģҲֻ˵Ǽ仰
ޡӡ顢С
ׯӹʾҵʮ֡
Ȼֻʮ֣̺˼ȴµܶࡣ
Īģ͸£йء
ӣ֪ǺȻңٴʵ
ǰģ˵Ҳһ¶īҾӿڵ
ȻøسǣȻͽһжˣȻ⡣
ңָ̧˸룬¶
ѵˣ
þ춯ôһΡ
īҾңӣ˼׼ЩʲôʱһӰߣ˵
̣ɫ΢䣬˵˾£ȥ
һңȷ
ͳ쵽ڻûлԪڳѾǰȥ鿴ȷټ
īҾӻϢԽԽأ˼Ƭ̣ȻīС˰ΣǴ֪ͨˣٳ룬īҶϺ
سǽȫ汸ս״̬
ǡӦӰһѾʧ
īҾңӼߣ֣˵
ʱɫҲزѣ֪ܹȥĵģºǸᣬҲܴ⡣
ûԥæѹֳ֣ӻسǵͨСȫ泷ˡ
䣬ֵĻسǣءšѹ
û˸ʲôԥģʮæжīҵİ¿ʼˡ
󾪣ôˣ
˵ˣܱܿعˣ׼ˡ˵һ䣬¶һ˻ϡ
ҪȥҴ塣һ
ģˡ嶼µġһ䣬Ӵѣߡ
ڻسһƬҡæµ֮ʱ
ড
һķһֻӴȸ·һ޴ǻţݺ˻سǡ
䣡
ĺУһ㵭Ĺ֡ڻسϿճ֣סȸ
سлҵĳΪ֮һȺɽΪĳǳأ̧ͷҲǿյġ
ʮ˻еһɱ䡣
عˡˣ
죡īҾһȣˣǹæµٴοʼ
ûԵУӡΨһİ취˼
ʲôô񣡡æµУ˫۵ɴ̾
ʥȸǰīҵʥ֮һǱصġһԡҧ
ȻǶ޴۵һˣ𣿡ȻһԶ
Ŀ⿴ȥֻһӴޱȵľƲ㣬һɫ磬ٶ
ͷ֮ϣվһٶӰĿǡ
ôߣ̲ס̾
صĺˮߣǿߡٶȼӿ˼֣īҵͨȥ
īҾһҧȻȻķͬʱһֻ޴İ׻ɳ俴ȸ
漴ǶʮӰɳվīҾ󣬶īҸ֣ǲûзɳֵĵط
ޡû뵽ԳīҾȵ
Ǹ˻ᣬܲס޵ЦĿȴûīҾӣ˱󷨹סĻسǡ
һое£һŭׯҴ¡



254 ˽ʼʵ۱
سС
ҵسǵģ
ڼ顣Į˵
أԭ̿ڣд˿˿
ΧˡĿҲЩĮôĻسǣһˣ˵ûйϵ˭š
Լסš˳īͳ֮һӳ
һԣīͳ֮һʦٵȱܸˣһسǻǴʥ۷ʥһʱҲԹģҿߡ
һۣͷּӿ˶Эīҡʮ˳롣
ΣҪģǳ롣
ʹ֮ʿʮٳҲǼ򵥵ġ
س⡣
ޣҵһسǵģīҾȵƺһҲż
Ժ֪ˡ޵һӣֱ˶ֵ
ড
˻
ȸˮ߶˻һ̣뷢˽
ͬʱ޴һٶˣҲˡ
ָĹȫسǵĹֶȥīҾӵԼ׻Ҳ׷׳Щ
ǶԻسǵĻǴţһЩܶһЩʱ䡣
䣡
ϵĺը죬سǻǴĹֲȷûҪļ
ˣƽĿ£ü
ò֪سеڳ롣
󷨺ͨҲӦͨ
ţԥ˫һڽɫľ֣ڿն
ʥּ
񣬹Ĵ
ڹسǻǴˣ׷׺ˣͬ
Ǿ᷺ɫâشˡ
سУīҾӡȵȵˣȫɫЩɻͬʱһĨΣУǡ
Сģһ󲿷ˡʼۡ
䣡
ˣʱ䡢ػζѾݲĴڡ
һΰޱȵӰһһֻɫĴ֡Ӿг֣ԽԽ󣬷·Ҫһ㣬Żسѹȥ
䣬֮£һжˡ
ޱȿ־˲ÿһռ䡣
־һ̣鲼ÿһ˵ġ
īҾӡңӵȵȵˣ˫УǾ塣
ޡ롢Ρǻ꣬ȸ׻ȻޣǾη
̮ѹ
ֵٶȲ죬˶ܿõ¿ռһ
س屾ܵӣȴˡ
ֻܵɴ۾Ŀš
ԭ᲻ɴݵĻǴ֣Ǳѩһ㣬ôһһڣûһ˿һͣ١
𡫣
س¡һһֻɳ䣬ˣֱ֮꣬
˰׻ͬǰ㣬ûκεֿ֮׻ӴĽɢ
໡
ֵĻХʧ׻֮꣬ͬ
ǹɾ֡Ѿ˼£ƺǰȴĥ㣬ۿԼһʹ졣
ֶĥó˷
䣬ƹ˺ܾãѾīҾӵͷɡ
ƴȫȴ޷Ѿ˵Ŀռ䣬ֻܵ
ͻȻڴʱӰԲԶ֣ǿƳ𣬺Ȼơ
𡢳ϹĿ΢ȴǾȣһĨ˷ܣڳˣ
أ
֮ϣȻû̫Ӱ죬ȴҲʹԶһ¡
Ҳôһ٣ԭŬѿռ̵īҾӡˣɹˣΧ˶ˡ
ϲãīҾӵһ·ȥһ߸һϷ
ҼĬģһطȥ
λӾǿߣʮλ;ģʮλ˾磬ǿᡣ
УȴҲֻʹһطȥ
ûʱȥԥǼһ㡢š
ͬʱҲڹţҲһط
Ȼ½ڶɽѾʼ
ͦɽһ̾ţƺһ㰴ȥ
أ
ϵĺ𶯾ڣڻʮʱϵһطڱˡ
Բ֮ڣ¶һһӰǿзɳ
һ̣ƺݺݰ˴ϡ
¡¡
ɽѣ𶯣Բɽһ̶Ҳ
ԲĻسǣȫۣһɷԲĵط֮⣬Է顣
ʮɣһӡ
ǴһˣǷ˻ˣǳĬˡ
ĬУľηη塣
ǷĻسǣʮĴӡȻ֮䣬һɾ
ңӣޡ飬ĶԸ
һĿѾ˽⣬䵽ϵʥּڲȥη塢η
ǡʲôһɷԲƿ£
Աߣ𡢸¡в֪ʱĸû˵Ѿû˵ʲô
īҾӵĿȫ˫ͨ죬ɵķԲˣӰеϽˡ
Ҳһˣʮˣһʼͨͨˣࡢֻʣһˡ
ͨѾûˣһ֮£һɶͨڡ֪ж˻ᱻ
Գ롢죡ͻȻһĴ˫ĿҲЩ
˵꣬ҪԶȥ
Ȼˣ𣿡Уɱ֮⣬ӰڲԶϢ
ֹ壬ж̫һξԡǡڤˡ
λʥһλӾ硣
·ĸ֣һӡγˣ
ߡԳ룡
īҾӡԭȵȵˣѹеľ⣬һȣ׷״ͷ˷ȥ
֪淴ûõģֻȫֻԳ룬һЩ˰ȫ롣
Ͼȥ˶ࡣ
ɱޱϹϾպʥּһ֣ˮߡȸͷЩҪ
롢ҹΡǻꡢūȵȵˣ˷׷ɱȥ
̫һҲˡ
塢ξԹǡ̫һڤ׷ˡ
һ̵׷ɱƬﳤɽСʼˡ

Զɽ壬ׯΪףӰţϢͬЩη塣
ǡ׷һǿѹǹη壬ׯ
ӰҲ˹ȥ
ׯĬϢתԶȥĮ𣺡ɳʹ˽ɢԸߣ˺һϧһдۡ
£ӰѾʧ
׷Ｘ˳ĬеĲмеζҲе̾Ϣ
Ӱׯ׷ȥ⣬ģûж
ɳҲûȥˡ׷ƽУ֪ʲô
ôõĻᣬɲãɱ˵һЦһܵķ֮ˡ
ͬѡҲˡ׷һӰʧ


Ļˣٶȴ߶˼¡
壬ΪʲôϷɰ̲סʵ
ϷɱĿһһߵǵؿڵ
Ǹӡʲôɫֲ˾η
û˵ֻ÷˿ٵͿշС
͸ɫˣҧһ߸ϡ޵֮˵ơ
ʼʵ𣿡ʵ
һۣݺݵͷϾǲʺͳޣ˫ȭսᶨޱȵһ죬һġ
Ŀ⶯һ£̾Ϣһ

һ
£һ¡ʱǰЦݣ߽룬ٺ٣ּˡ
īͳ֮һĸ߽룬ɫ䵽˼£Ҳ˼¡
ʮȥû뵽㻹ûʲôǿϧҲԷЦݵ
Ҫ߽зĳһֱɱ˼
ʮˣʮҹҹ޲űֳѾ
ƽΪ˴֣ܶգôˡ
ӭȥ˴սһ𣬼ȴûжֵ˼Цʮǰߣ쿴㻹ӣ
˵ҲҵĸˣΪī˳֣ɴīʧС
ģץס㣬һдġ
ءҲǻ˰ɣ
ɱ㡣߽˫ۺˣ


紵һƬ֮УңɫصĿŲԶǾɫǡƮӰ
µ֮ѷֳ㻹Ҫ𣿡οңӡ˵
˭֪յĽңҡͷᶨ
ڤ粻顣˫һĨм
ǿǿȣѹ̫ˣ²һ˵¡
˶־£ضᱻң˵
ǡЦһǹɲмˣʼʵ۱˽۹
ǡΤȵȵĸ˽ܣԸ⳼£Ϊѵֻʵԭ
׷νɣȴ֪ؼɣֻǴһƬСĿռ䡢һƬЩĿռˡ
˽ʼʵ۱£˽ǱػҪء



255 ع
ΪǱΪѹɡ
ջءĿ̫
ˣ˵ЩҲã˫׷ͬҲûоԵĶԴ
ֻʵˡ˶ѡ
ڶѾˡ
ҲûкڻͷˣʧҲá
ʼʵ۱¡ҪǡκѾûȤˣֱӽ˵
ںңӶʧˣͶС
ңǳ鶯һ£뿪˵Щʲôȴֲ֪˵˵ʲô
Ϊ˵ʲôڵ
ڡγʣĮɣͬΪҵķϣһ̡
ңӻʱᵽߣû
䣡

һ֮С
̫һȤĿǰ´ŶҵīҾӣȻӦü
īҾӿŶ̫һһɺûΡҲβˣȷҹҹҶ޲ýƤǽǡ
ǣȤ̫һ֮гˣֻһ֮Уʲô
ˣҲûȤ˵ΪīҾӣݵǿܡ
˵꣬һ죬ʥʵ㳲·һ㡢ѹīҾӡ
ֻǶ̶īҾӱˤڵأͷ϶Ҳʧˣ¶һö̫һӡݡ

ɫޱȵĿŲԶ֪աѾӲˡ
ΪԵģǡ
ֻҪԸһȥԲг
ȥȥһӡҫ𣿡Цм˵
ڸһᣬͬӺһ㣬лῴһʷǰĵ۹
飬ɣⲻҲһ
ж롢ȴûῴء˵
һǣȻ˵ϧںղЦм
ˣȻˣҲֻܳˡ̾һ

ﳤɽ֮Уɽ֣Ǳ˴޺һĻһĻп׷ɱ
£һһʧɽ֮С
һξ޴Ĵ
վڻسǷϷĿɨ˷̾һǲܱȫһۡ
ֻҪץס𡢳ϹīҾӡЩҪʣµѾȫΪˡ

ʱһȥط𶯾ĺ¡
塢ξ˲ϴˣҲֻǺܿ顣
ǴܣϧǣǸֱ֮ɱˡ
ȸѹơϹˮѹƣūѹơ
߽뱻ܣңӱıڤܣũҿױܣȵȵˣһݵλĴ󲿷ֱܣ߽ɱ
һٶУҲ˾ʵͨɱ¾
ҲһЩˣȴ֮С
ˣǵȵȡ
ⳡ׷ɱһֱ£ų¡
Ȼ޵ҪڵѾϻء
˵Ĵ߲㣬ɱܣʣµġѾԳˡ
һս֮£ݴϷ˵ʵ˾ųɶࡣ
ϾȥسǲμξۻģǷеľӢ
һս󣬷ûʲôǿʵ
㶥ֻɲʲôˡ
Уܼν˲ˣûЩ̫ϣܽȻҲǸ˵ġ
һսϢº󣬴ȶһ֡
Ϊ󲿷ְգڸѾ׾ˡ
ˣŴߣΣ
вԭǷеˣԼ˳ˡ
󣬶Ը˵жȴû
ŴȫʤĲȣͶ߲ٵ£ʤ׷Ÿصķʿ
УȻĹĶǡıƣ֪ڤڤעģôˣׯκ˽ȥ
һ·׷ɱһ·֮һƬһƬ
òݺȻ
ҪûжԷֽ粨ѶԸЩطǳϾ֪˭
˸ׯ֮⣬ҲһˡԣС
׼ȷ˵ǻɸعԵס
Ҳֲϵľ֮£ǣԽԽ࣬Ȼ󱻸һ򾡡
ˣǴӻسУѵİˡ
ļֻһӹһ٣еĵλ˵Ǻܸߡ
ӺءԵءٵءءءءǹ֮ء
ʱ䣬ָˣ׷Ÿɱݶһ顣
˵ʵٴȥ߳ҡ
ʼʵ۶ʮ¡
˱׷ɱ˹֮أϵ˺ܶ౻ǨƵ֮صĸ
һǧһ򾡣һΡҲû⣬ܡ
ûãǶ⹫Ʊ˴֮һ׼ңһλˡ
λ˺ܿξֱӵ˰µθְƷ
£Ͷ·ĸˣҲڱץˡ

һ˱Ѻȥ·ϡ
Ȼû˵˶ЩĬ
꣬ڻǱץˡ
ģǾȻеһĨɡ
㻹ǲϳ𣿡Ȼׯƽ˵
̣˵Ŀ⣬вѺ֮˵Ŀ⡣
ҲǱǱġۣҲƽ˵
仰Ѿ˵˺ܶΣĻ
µׯ𶼻ǲȫš
塢㡣ᶨ
壬Ҳ㡣ԽˣͤͤĸСᶨ
ׯŸȻҲԸţ̫ǣš
Ӳɱع֮ˣӲƺ֣Ӳɱع֮ˣô˶ץˣֻи׸ȴߵ
ȵɺϡ飬ǻ޷š
˳س͢ģׯĬϢٴʵ
˫ۣƺ䵽˺ܶ࣬ƽ֪ʲôԭɣ±
˰Ѻǵˣһ㶡
Ȼ䣬ׯЩţˡ
ΪʲôҪ
ѵ֪Ժᷢ£
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ĴһŽɫ塣
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257 մع
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259 ס֮
ڵ˵ýζʱУܻھľĴ
ͬʱҲ˼ŴĳãЩһֱθı
ֻʵԭԶʵ١
ĸı䣬Ǹĸ˴ġǵĹƣ
ԼһЩʵĹԱ֮С
ıĲСʵҲֻһЩԱϣԶûдﵽıķϡ
ı̣ѶԶԶǴǼܱȵģ˿ڡʵ˼ȵȣȫȡ
ҪģΧǣ̫ˡ
ͥķģĺźĸǿߵĿš
ܴ󶯣˵״󶯣κһСĶľˡ
ʹԵܵԡ۽硢ֹһΣܵһ޴ֵĸо
ٶΨһһһֱҲ飬Լİס
Ҫı̡ǿһԶԶеģ㹻£
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һߴһߵ˺ܶܶ࣬ҲһЩƻ

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ۣɫЩ԰ףƺǰ㣬ϸȴ˿Ůӡ
ƽУһºͣȻȥЩѱ棬ǻ֪еġ
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嵮Ůʱһָ治Сһ˺ųΪˡ
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ԣռ׵ĺͯϷ־ŽЩ֪֪ʶڸǡ
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԰µģֻϷ־ţ֣
ҲˣˣԿܵͬеڴ
Ͼ̫ˡҲ̫¶ˡ



260 
ڶںġ硢ա֮⡣
ʱǶѾ°ɣ֪С
ǵ֪У³߹ޱȣաӦöǱµĻǰȥԭġ
Щ˽⵽֪ʶһģͶ̥֮࣬ӦǱл취ܣǲܹܡġ
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û˵ʲôϷ־˶ˡ
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ֻǲ֪᲻
˼䣬ȥǣͷ¶桢ʾǰ

󣬵ܱ㿪ʼѡʵС硣
ʵ̫ǿһУ˭ܽȥ׵ĻΪ˽С
֮У󲿷С磬ʵûãϾû󲿷ֲ㣬Ҫ֮á
ȻҲһЩСܲ뱸ܱȺĻЩ
Ϊڣǧǧ磬յĲֹһοС硣
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Ϊ̴ֽԽԽ½£ȼ֮⣬ѡһҪС磬Ϊ˽Уֱ׾١
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ȷúһ˴أӳС绯Ϊ˽Уеˣ
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ʵѴ޽֮Զû޼ɵʱҲὫ̫ĳӴУй¶ܡ
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ͬʱǸǧ֮С
ˬʵЦ𣬡ǻĺǵ
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ȻסˣЦЩΪԽԽЦԽϲ


Цһֱ˺ü죬ЩС¡£ȴõλѹݡһһӰĵľϵĿЦ
įģů
ƺȱҲ첹ˡ
һӣʲôٻȨӵйΨһûеģǰˡ
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ΪȨıʱѹ£ܵ˳˵Ҹ
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261 Ӳû֮
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λ˲ߴͽ̡ͳơ˳һۣͳȭЦ
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ͬʱһһεĳῪʼˡ
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֮ϣۿ֮󣬾󲿷ֶ˿Ѵ֮Ρ̳˷ûˡ
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262 ڳ
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ĿĿܣ̹Ȼ֮Ѿ֪Ӻʱ
󣬵ҷű۾ѹеĨ¡
緢Ҫܶܶ飬Ⲣ֡
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ָһȵĸо

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˸ɢȥ죬⣬Ʒ֮Ϣڰٹпʼ
̣ͷз
ͬߣҲвͬߡ
ͬߵԶԶͬߵ



263 ٽ֮
֣ԹҲûмܹѵˡ
ο⳯еİٹ٣
Ȩһ¶ף󲿷־ѡͬ
л˻֮⣬ǶԸϲε
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264 ı
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265 ͥ
ܿ죬һʱ䣬һ˫˫Ŀ⣬ݵ֮ء
嫺УûмҵõС
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пǵģʵ̫࣬ģ˭֪ж٣
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266 
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267 ҵ
Ϸ־ţ㵣δСܵ
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ֹˣ١ȸɡźУ޲ü˼ʲô
һߣЩʧǵĻصԼۡĵķŭʡȴ֪
ⷢй
ŬһɥǷ˴֮λϣٲ㡣
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ˣλڳ㣿
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ܸѾ

ɢȥְܱλĿȱ⡣
ԴˣʹЩ뷨Ҳȫѹȥޱȵϵܣ˵˭˭
ϾҶֱնˣһ£ȴʹ顣
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Ŀⴹ£΢΢һ
Ƕ˶ֽҪ˵ĻѹȥԵܻ˻֡
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˵ûС˵ᣬġ
ʱĴεۻĵĵܣûοǸȥĵҡ
õܲڳУᣬʵڱǡ
ֻԶⲻˡ
һ̾ϢͼȥæԼ顣
Уͬ̾ɫЩį
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ֻԥһ£˽쳯ϵ£׶ӵ롣
УֻҪǲӦò¡
ʱ̾ϢΪڸոգ׼Сһ˵
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ܿ죬ʰֿʼæµ
֪ʱܹɣֻܾ졢׵ĽһУܡ
ʱһȥģԽԽĴ̸߲о쳣
ʱԽԽ٣ȫǴ
򣬼ҵĴԽԽ٣ǲ



268 ĴӦ
ûȷʾ̶֮䣬дȨһգҷ·𲻴һ㡣
Ҫǲܷ쳣߹١Ҳûʸվˡ
ϴ١ݵˣԽԽࡣ
ԵģǵΪܵλ׼
Ȼ˵ͻȻ֮䣬ϾѾʮ꣬СǸо̫ˡ
漰飬١ݣҶʣֻܽѹĵףͬʱᵽߡ

Һ͵ܶûж˵ʲôֻǼӿٶȽŽӡ
̶һʱ䣬ϣҾѾٳˣɵ֡
ƽ£һֲٿأʵȨְ
ͣĽա˽Ÿ
ûʲôеʱ䡣
У̳͢ϣսԽ

ҲùˣʱһȻĴˡ
Դˣء
סǾô𣿡ĻЩ⡢üŶ򽪻
ҪȻأֱǿʱĽƳһԼҶӣ
ĻЩܵһҶ˵ʲôˡ
Щһ˼֣ҪסƬصļ̳ˣ
ˡĻæӦ
ҡҡͷȻԼҶӣ⣬ᣬĽ̵
Ŀ⿴ĵΪ֪Ҫ˵ʲôңֻ
ֻΪѹöͺˣģǲҪܣҲû׼
˭˭ӮǶ¡
Ǹ׽̻塣ĻЩ̾ϢȴӦ
ţ񳯸䶯ǱҲӦ÷˱仯һսԶˡ
ȥǿ䱸ûҵκ˲ж
ٸݸšһ
ǣ

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ףҰġ룬ұƲȵ뺷࣬˲ٵĳȵЩɷ
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ڻͬ࣬ȴȳһЩĿȺ۳ͳףͬ˵
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ڻװûԼҴĿ⣬ŵףƲұһʵڲӦóȻ֡
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һǵЩηݣоЩĪļͷٶˡ
šͷĿжȻЩ̡ǰ裬߾ϣұһʱӵ
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㼴̳ɣΪ塢ͬȥӻ΢Ц
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ĵ㶼硣Ӧȥú÷ʡȥʦ
ڻǷŭġǲʵģֻתȥӲ
ֻУߺ֮ԽŨ
˵ʲôԣõѡ
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ųڻȥıӰҡͷûٶ룬ֻҪȥʦˣֻҪ޴ʣһӶٶԺв
ϵĿ⿴Ϸ̾˿˿˿į𣬴پˣ

᪡
չأ֪᪸߲̾顣
λк뷨ֱԡΪסʮ᪴ӲؿĶŵ
崺磬ԾͻøС
ӡӡλˣүչضȻģѾ׼ˣ
ֻǲ֪νУұΪ׵ܳ˵˿Լء
ڳʮ˶˼з鴫ǶкǱףⶨΪүչؼͻơµһϵӰ졣
Ϊôܵλ׼һ˵Ǳ˱үһս
ˣܲأ
Էʲôʱ򡢻ķʽһսⶼҪ˼ġ
ܿ죬ڳʮ˱۷׷˼ŸµӦԷ
ϣؿ˼ֵλˣսˡ磬Ͱλˣ
˵ţ֣صعһ
ܵɫһæܿ˫ӿҵӦ֮𡣡
ûٶ˵˸æµȥȻؿһɫЩľĶܼº͵ܣΪʱæ£ĸ׵ܵҪ࿿ˡ
գգۣǲŷӦ֣صӦõӦõģֳصġ
šؿοصͷ֮䣬һѵܹĺгȻ
º͵΢Цؿ߻Լĸ֮ۡ˲е崺磬øС
ͬʱǹɹҲ˿
ʱĸۡУѾʮ˵ȴʲʿװҲ佫װ
ؿһӣ
λؿؿЦݸһ֣˫
ãʮҲûо
λλʿ֮˱ӣλ˿ˣ
ģǲؿĸףԺܶ໰Ҳû˹˼ɡ
ؿͷղŵ۶˵˳
һһ˼
ΣʿɫؿڵӣүչأܶӦɴƿزǰ



269 Т
ʵڳ󲿷ˣĿ΢׷׵ͷ
ؿ΢ЦԲɲĶһ£ĿЩ⶯ԥʿ
ʱʿ˺ܶ࣬ӣơȻˣ£үչأֻдƿȫ֣õѡ
ڹ٣ֻд棬ǸΪģ
ӣֻԳ棬һģᶨĸ᪡

ܴͣ˽ķ棬ǹķ棬ӳƿȫ֡õѡ
ؿ⶯ԥŨˣ᪸߲֮Уʵûվ
׼ȷ˵൱һżָ߲顢ලǣȴûС
ȻҲסʵȨûлᣬЩԥ
չ֮ǰɲûƹóȻȥЩס
ӣ˵ݺͱԳ氡ʿٴ˵
ؿĿһͷ
ӣ򲻿ɡͻȻںܶϲ֮ʱһЩḡ𣬽еĿⶼ˹ȥ
ʿڣüͷ
ֻߣᣬһɫʿװ磬Բ԰׵ϣһɼᶨΪìܵϢ档
ΪעĿģһ˫۾ˣ·ǳǣƺ޾ǻ۹â
ڳȻʶˣʹ֪ͬһӪʱǼ֣Щϲ
ؿüͷº͵Тγԣ
ˣףԼȺĸ֮УȻʵͣȴƾǻ۲ܣߡ
Ϊ
¸ʴӣΪǿʢΪТɫ΢࣬ĿֱֱĿؿ
ؿûԥ˼ֱӵһģ׺λЭн֮ǿʢ
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˵ʲôͼ֮ǿʢҪԭ򣬱ںүһˡ
үչأûôƹƹܣү룿
үչأ£ӳõѡģүġʿҲ̲ס
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ү۷壬óȻ֣úáпܸѹĲøǻɥʧơ
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ΣΥү˼ֻ
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ڳ˶ǲؿĸЩ治֮ԣŭֻǾ˼е
ТһʹһȻ򡣡Ϣ󣬲ؿеЦ
漴ʿЦݸͷТһΪ롢һΪұؿڴлˡ
ءʿɫÿ˲٣һ˵
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˵ףȨһգҪᡣ
ТӦö̷ڷǰչ׵ܡ
ͬʱҲȫȥЭλˣ󹦡ֻΪһΡɫ
ؿͷĿ¶ϲϴ˷ܵлТָ㡣
򲻸ҵһǫ
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˶٣ɢ°ɡ
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ʿЩʣֻܵͷᡣ

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˳ǡ
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ϣ㿴̺ΣǲǸӱ뺷ˣҸȥˣҶûȥŵܣָָǵЩ۵İ̺ۣεĴЦ
ܲ¶ЩЦ⣬⺩
⣬ЦŨϲ˵Щ귢ϵ£Եúǿܡ
ûֹֻǾţǰ׽ģ֮١
ٶûˣҲû뵽ԼǷݳ羴
ܸоǼٵģȻΪˡ
ϣǲ֪ȥ˸ûиҸ׹ǣʲôҪѧϰ췳ˡֻӶ˵
Ҳ֪ΪΣӵ굽ڣҲܱϺĮȴΪŵÿʲô˵
֪ˣ⡣
ΪʵҲƵĸоһΡ
˫˴˼ΣǺ޹˼ɵԼâΡ
ҲһԳ˵Ϊ
˵˼䣬ɫȻЩ㸸ˣ
ɫʱЩʧ䣬Ҹ˵໹ٳһٶˣ
̾Ĺˡ
ڰ˰֮Уܵε֮һ
Ĵģ׼ʥʵʲôϾ޽ɾѾǳˡ
ǹҵı׶ˡ
ڣسء
Ҳһ֮Щѹأˣܴء
ܳŵڣѾˡ
Ȼ֪ģٺ٣ܺ͵ңҲ֪š
裬¸ߵܾʱ䣬ҲҪĿ֮һ
ϾΪĴ̵Ĵ֮һ£ӿǸ⣬ֲܳ



270 ˴ǧ
ȻҪ׼ӦԿܴڵΣ
ͬʱһ˳ɽӡ
˶٣ʵջԬͨˣ
Ͼʧ䣬֣صЩһڵȴջ֮Ҳʱ£Щ쵰罫һɱˡ
˵ţоǷ߷߲ƽɱ⣬ΪѾµһαԸôç
ڱصĺܶ飬֪ģν볯ҪĿ֮һҲиܽЩ
ҪԸǲһһϦ¡ܵ
̰˰ĴΪףϸͳ
ĴȻܶȫͳ졣
ͳģǱһˡ
ԭǳڱһңǵЩһˡ
ڱضУﰵźܶԱ
ջԬͨΪǿ󣬾Ҿֱ֧ѹǣҲΪ֣ûʲôЧ
šݺһͷ֣صϣǰҸ׾Ѿ˵ˣһʱӵ
Ŀºһ֣ͷʲôû˵Ҳö˵
裬ʹ꣬ӻĥһպƿرأܻһת˵
ţξ͸Ϻúѧϰһ¡¶Цݵ
ȻŲ˶ˣҪձأʱ䣬Ǹûġ

飬˵ǶԴкܴôģű֧֡
󣬵ܾͻָȫȨ
Ҳ˳ǣһʱ䶼ڵѧϰš
ȻʵҲѧ٣ϾԸͬ
ֻϣϱԺ󣬲ˡ
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º󣬰ͻˡ
۵µھӪУ̤Լĵ
ûͻǰܲһ£ʵѾﵽ˽ɵھŲδԲزǿľˣܶΪ졣
ǼºʵﵽɵھŲεڶ׶۷Ҳͻˡ
һ꣬塢ΤȺͻƣͻǰʵﵽ˽ɵھŲεڶ׶Ρ
ҪûܴﵽɵھŲδԲزǿľˣںжǶġ
ϾܴﵽԲεģȽ϶ԣʵ̫̫١
ܳɳģһںļߴ۷Ĵڡ
һͻƣֱӴﵽ˴޽ɵεʵ˲ǵĲεʵ
Ϸ־š֣͡ؼΪʱԭ򣬻ǽɲΡ
ơͳ˳˾͸˵ˣʱڣΨһ
һʱȥӦĲˣܱ°ˡ
Τ˱Ƚɣڴ޽ɵĲεʵǧС֮Уڶġ
ǵ˾һְҲ⡣
ûеȴֱ˸ԭɣϮ񲿡˾⣬Τ˵ΣƷ
ҲںʲôƲƻˣ޽ɼϮˣ⳯Уء
Ҫ˾ĳɳ
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ǰˣҪ鷳һЩ
ĵ˵Ҳʲô´ˡ

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Դ֮磬һʮľӪС
ǰ𣿡һλ׵ĽЩĿŰ
ܱԿڡûʲôģôǵһΡ
ĩǰ𣬲μһڰףɫĮ΢΢һ
ö񡣡֣ܱԿڵģȻǼ򵥵òȷѡ
򵥵˵ľ棬ϴЦݵĿģҲ
ʱ䣬
Ҫսˡ
ǡһ˿𣬺ԥӦ
ţߡʹȥЩˡЦŵͷʹŰǰ߶ȥ
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ϾںУͦѵãֻдǧΪʡ
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ܿ죬ŰݼԴ֮ߣҲǰߵָӣپƷ׼ʥΪǡ
ȻǴ̰˧֮һҲǴ̾У˧µǿ֮һ
ڰȻʲôΪѣѺõһ
ʱ䣬ϸ˽˸
ڶ죬ʽ˻Լµ
µ˺ġʵѾ𺳡ܶΣʱ̲סĳȡ
Ѿսȴû˴ӡĵɴɲ
µĿʼ
һµ֮У࣬ͬļ
ڳУܸոһЩѾٳĵҳˡ
дλϣ֮硣
Ǵ£˴ǧ֮һǱȫյ֮һ
ҪǣǧУĴڡ
˼ܼ򵥣֮֮
ϵ⣬°˸ǧУֻڡ

׼벻̫æµ󣬱ùԼΪ׼ϾͶԴ֮ظȴǲ֮ġ
£ڵҼ˵İ£֮֮
ŵҵİ֮ȫգǴ̴Ӱޱȡ
̶һʱ䣬ȫˡ
ֻǴеѹţⲻȴ֮
֮֮ûһ֮ԭǵҵһΪظ
ûнͣسã



271 ǿ
ʱһȥģǹصգھݸ߲УԽԽŨ
ЩľĸоÿһգԽӲ
оһɽš
ͬʱؼԽԽĿ⣬Ҳ½
ǶڵȴȴǺܿܵһϷ
财
һЩ񣬵ܻص鷿о˼յĳá
Ϊ֪ȨӵĹؼʱûһλԱҵģʵʵ
Ա˵յΪ˳
ʵֻǱϵĶѣģѾ˽ڶԱıʣ׼
ţֲоԼĲЩˡ
һսǵҺͼ£֮ˡ
ڵıһ´̣Ͳ֪Ҫõʱ䡣
ٴӼСһЩ˵뷨
ţһЩ
ȻĿ΢档
Ϣ󣬽ׯӰˣһɫĻȹȴ˿ףһָ߹
һֱߵ˵һ˫覵֣ϰ
üͷ΢壬һ۾Ϳº͵ĿУżǡԥûֱʣֻǵôˣ
ѩ׵ü촽ҧ˳Ҫһף
˵ţ˫ֵ̲ס˼֡
΢ůüͷȴ΢Įá
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ԥһ죬¾ףֵ֧ܡִ̡֧
ǰѯһ£õ֣̾ǵܶԽˣҲ
ǴδҵܵˣҪκˡȻܼ˵
кһЩЩܡ
⻰Ҫ׻һЩվǸףô׾ͻ޵ġ
ܣͣϢʱ䣬Ӧ
Ҳ⣬ʲôˣЩûʱܵǰá
ŮˡվǸԵġ
һʱŮ֮ҲûܰʲôһŮ
˰ʱЩʧȥ
ֳ˼һᣬ˼С磬˼˳
һΣҪĿģȴǳãǽ̵Ŀ֮ˡ

޾ǿϢģһΰϣɫ۵Ӱ
ߣźǿգȴ˿Сӵΰ
ϤˣᾪȣȻ
㻹û𣿡ƽϵӰ
죬ײֵġǿһͬƽϵ
仰еĳƺ֮ͥۡ
ôμ̰ʮĻۣûİɹ𡢿Բߡ
ܳɹޱһ˿ᶼޡΰӰҲۿ˵
ûлᣬҲ޴󰭡
ߡһòתΪ塢Ǽ֮ӣǧѷĺʱҪŹ
ҪޱܳΪƻĳɿܣʱ
ߡصǿը죬޵ĵܵܣģʲô⣬
޴ʲô⣬ڶ޵ĵӣҸ
ҪˣΪͽЩŭ˶٣֣˵ɡ
¶һĨЦ⣬ŵֹǡ
Ужڶֵİӣ
ֹܶ
Щ֣һ
ǿɲϣġ䵭
ֻҪǾлɳˡƶ
ϣˡÿɷ
ˣ㻹ޱİӶްɣͳһȷܳ¡컰һתȻ
ȼ˵ܾˡ
üͷһ㻹ǲޡ
ֵ޶𣿡ƺһĨЦ⡣
˫һĨâѹȥ˼ֵãϣ㲻Ҫ¡
˵꣬תȥ䡢뿪Ƭǿա
һĨ졢ɵ޵
졢Ѿ͸

գۣܴӴ緵أѾ˽ʮꡣ
УѾûȺǰ¶ˣܼӹȨ
λãд֮֮⣬еܱ϶Ѿա
ٹҲѾʵڿϰߣȴĳʱ̵
鷿Уܿ·أɫĵĮ˵дԻһ֧죿
ǵģѾȷؿ϶˵
ϱ鱨ûгԤϣ֣˽ܶºһ֧յİ
һ֧鱨ʹɱһİж飬ֻ
ҲѾܽƣܽ롣
ʮ䷢֣֧Уһ֧졢ʮˣϢʮǰʧˡ
ڵ֧죬Ǻϵġ
ֵǣ˵ܺȴ֡û˸
ģɲڵҵģԾһĻ
üͷʮǰûд£֧죬׼ʥ磬Ȼеߡ
Ҳ׼ʥΪλᱻȻȥ
ͶɵȻᵱû룬һѹ̽˼ˣעðĶɡ
ǡ˵
ȥܱ۾˼ʲôֵģ
Ȼȫš
Ҫһ


272 뿪Ʒ
ж԰˲پ֮󣬵ܲû̶԰չж
Ͼֻ֧Ҳֻ
ϽӹָȨվҲڡ
ֻҪûеͲԵķо衣
ԽմȨԽӵľ衣

ɫһĨӣû𣿡
ûСϿȥһ˵ĹУһƽ
ʲôû˵ֻĿ⿴˴ķһĨ̾Ϣĳ֡
Ȼ
ĺöӣδ
һ̵סһУ
ж֪ϲǱ֪˰ȴ˿ʣڷһжĿܷ
Ѿܳס
£ݽɵԣʵ
е⣬ֺܡ
еǸͷҲ״ˣǲܸԣ̫ȷˡ
ţӰʧܿǸǧ硣
ûֱȥԼɿ˵Ů⣬ټһ¡䵭Ůӡ
μϣŮһ֣ϹϾ
ţɡҿŮӣƽ࣬㡢չŮˣ
ϣһʮˡɻ󣬵ûԥæ˼˵
һٶˣҲҵѪɸеᷳҲɫ
ɫһ䣬Щֵ̿ϣչŮǳҡ
οŮɿˣϲأ

¶һĨοЦ⣬ģȻš
£ɫ΢¸һ񣬲֪ԸԸ⣿
ǡ̼ᶨޱȵص
ãŮرҲҪ´뿪Ҫٸκϵ
һ죬ǡȻ
һ𣬼ʹĹǱסˡ
Ů㣬е£һ
ʱҲ룬λǸɵСѾͷҲڿԸԳˡ
û뵽һ
ҪǴǣ˵ǶԶֻڴ֮⡣
пɲ˵˵еģѡԶ
ûļѣŮ
в̣ȴֻͣһϢʱ䣬̼ᶨŮ
ţǡºЩģ˿ɵģϾ밵ߣǰ˴֮һһĹ
ο໹ҵѪºԶˡ
ѪԶȴѪˣͨգ̡
Ŀ⿴Ǵɽȣĵ˵濶⣬ģҲġ
λ濶ʱܳҴ̣ϱضʧ
Թ²濶⡢Ϊѣ𣿡
סͷϹϾܲף
λС濶ĴڣҪôǼȥҪôǱ¶
¶ЩܣϾĸ׵̫⣬Ӱ̫
ոյλһ￪ǼΪ顣
ȥ˭Ҳ֪룬Ůʱܶ࣬С濶ĸô죿
ҪǣһܿµĿܡ
飬һΪ濶ǸϰҪ
಻Ǹ棬ǿܵġ
濶뿪Ǿ͸ְɣסûȥǣǾ¶κ¡Ҽ
Ӧ
ҵͷ˼䣬ȥԼɵŮ
һμˡ
ЦУʱգ۶Ůȥˡ
ֻԶţһ档
һƵ𣬲ΪԼΪɵѾͷǿԼСӵӡ
ʵ̫̫٣һֻܿԼ
̾һسǣϢԽƺȴһСսʿ

һߡ
ŮĬ˺þãǧ磬СϷŴŵǿ̣үүҪȥʲô𣿡
һĿⲻԾһ£үһЩ£濶СģֻһЩС°ˡ
ŮĿ˸ŨĵǣǾ٣ɵ෴ܴ
ѾˣүүȷҪȥ£ҡΣա
ףģүүġ
֪֪ĵǣ糱ӿ㡢ӿȡ
Ĭѩ۵Сɫ΢΢š
̾¶΢Ц濶СĲõģǻȥҡүɣ
šһȥҸ磬㻶ȸԾŮʱȴֻӦû˿֮⡣
Ҳ֪˵ʲôãһٶǰλɿ˵Ůܴ
˾١ԸЩȱȱ֮⣬棬һǶ֮ʡ
ףٶ˵ʲôûõģᱻʶơ
Ŀ⿴۳ǵķһĨ
Ҳ֪һУûл᷵سǣ
УԺֵݷأ
֪ϽζԴ濶С㻹ү

գۼ䣬ʱֹȥʮ֮ãִƴ̳ʮĵܣϢԽ
ǹڼСʣҲһͷų
糣һ죬׶ءɱȴϰߵĸ񣬵򴢾ء

μϣ
УӰһӭһׯǽ
һɫȹͬʱЩӢ֮
ţö񡣡ɫĮĿŮӣֳأ
ֳھСŮ΢΢ʹƺЩ˼ϸ
һԣԴһĨĿŮӣ󷽷ò㳼檣ôһʷɻأ
ĿڽϲײĶͣһ£ϰˣ˵Ҳþûɻˡ
ˡһ䣬ǺȻʲôƵģЦȻˣΪһѣȥ
ˡ
˵꣬Ҳȵ˵ʲôЦŴһȥ
߳ߺ󷽵ЦݾͽʧֻʣһĨɬȻѩ׵ֲ֣ԼСĨɬȻ֮Ũ
ȥɫ䣬ŮӵǸΪˣȾһ󣬲ҿܡ
ãȻ¡ɶ
ţһġŮ̵ͷ
ӢˬӢ֮ڵǰҲֻʣһͨͨŮ
ʵûʲô˼ȥ˵ʲôŮǴ̰˧֮һƹ֮Ůİ֮һƷɻ֮ãҲӴͬûж˵ʲô˼
ŮӰˣҶղ飬ûʲô˵ġ
룬Ҳôģֻ˵ôһ󣬱۾˼ع˼̺֮ĸ⡣
ϢûŮӡҲǻƷ̧ۿȥʱЩɥ
üˣδζϾûʲô˵
Ǿһֱӣ
ֳ˵ϵȷ࣬ԴҲǰ
жʱСͷӿ𣬸Ӿɥˣ
֪׺ֳ˼ϲϾ⳯УڶĺŹ֮Ůм޸ϵģ
˵ԶݣĳӶ಻ʤȽھ˵׽ֳƷɻʱоˡ
ϲϡ
ԼͨݱЩ꾭
ȻҲǶˣЩʧ䣬ƺϲ
գܿûƷЩ˵һǲңǲ˼
нʱ䣬ղűƣһɫߵĻЦŵˣãԡ
Ʒ£ͨ죬ɬǰȥæ
ûзԣʩΪ

ҹУһҼҵ󣬵ܱŽĽжһĨأ󣬿㡣
ЩԺĽһ̧ۿԼҷ۾
ǰɲ⣬ԡ
ૣЩ̫ȷܵ˼
ȴ˵ʲôЩ£һ¾ˡ
Ǵ˿˿ľ̬һѹеĻ˻ȥ
籩ٴοʼ
ڶ죬һжƽֻǹصգּһ˿
ƫУܴ
ϡźûãʮǰܴĵԸ˽
Ŀ΢ȴ֣׼
ǡԸֿ˳ȥ
ʮϢ̲ź˽ȥʮòʸŰ壬һ˿μϡ
񣬾ź֪к£Ȼ
ϣǰֻѯʾϣʿзǲЩˣźĿ⿴ŵܣԴһ˿ȴֱӵ˵
ɫ䣬ɵȻ̰ܻߣǳᣬ±ڲˣѵն𣿡
ϣȻдȱվйҴ̰ź֣˵



273 ӿͥ
вһ֪źΥ
ֻһ˼άˣǹ壬㷸ЩҲӦնɱ
û̳õ˼ά
˼ά֪谭֮һ
źΪ̲򣬼Ǵ̹ǿ֮һ˴֮ʱ֪һ
ҪǰҲŹˣڣҪҪȻҪ˰λÿճ
Ȼ󶯸ɸ꣬ЩɱвԱûġ
ҪǿԼȱҴйܻڣдЩŭ
ҳģɽǣַεĹԱ
źüͷ𣬿ŵܼɫҲΪһصŭܣ˼µϣ֮Ĺ
⡢һתĹĻᡣ
ԣɢ飬תֻһͣ٣ͬˡ
лϡź΢΢һ
ûٶ˵ź£ܼ
ֻлŴ£һʲôһӰ
δź
Թõİ취Ǿ³߿ȥʰЩҲġһһ·ĹԱ
ͱԺУλܺʵˡ
ͷոִˡ
Ҫ

ִʱͻȻ䣬ܸоˡƺһ¡
ĸӦУᣬϾȻǴִ˴Ȩվ˵ϵٺ٣ǰòײŽġ
һĨõԤСĪ
ͬʱһֱڱչ״̬ĵң˫͵˼£ݺݿ֮ɫޱȡ
ĸӦ˳Уһеˡʼɱˡ
ΪϢԽ䣬ƺޡ
ˡ
һ̣Ӱʧ
ͬʱ嫺Уطʮ˫۾Ⱥˡ
ͥ
ڤڤвѰҵĵط˵ΰӰվ
λʵˣ˵ӰУƺмһӰؿڵк͸һĨӡ
ӰͷŲѾͥΪĸͬķȥ
ͥһ򱱣һһϡ
вͬϢɢʲô
ͬʱӰ᪵֮ͥ߳⳯Ϸ

˵еУвͬĿ⻺˿
һĮ
һƽ
һȤ
֮Уǿʼɱ֮Ƶˡ
˭Ҳ²͸Ŀоʲô
活죬ͬһ˫Դϲ⡢ޱůĿ
ͥ
ִͥͨһ֮Ҳ˫ۣĿݷȥ
һĪĹâˡ
ȻĿһ䣬֮ͥһ
˸ֲ˵Ϣ
һĨЩм͸ӱЦǷ
µһ塢ǰԵ
ǡ
ǿһ͸ߺܿ
ʱĲٵطһΪǿӰӦһһϢ
˲˲⡢ҲЦ
˼֮⣬һ˫˫Ŀⶼ٣ڤڤеط
ǿҲһۿ޾գǲ඼µˣֻ農ȼɡ
ܻڲ²⣬ϢҵӰǰ
һ˫Ǳ۾δйǰصĿܡ
һ˲䣬ܱףˣ
µ˫֡ʱա
˫һĨӵ
ءмɵһ˿޵ڴ
죬ȴԼѾûʲô˵ˡ
ֱصͷӰһʧֻһ䲻֪̺˶ٸ¡
̡ˡ
ĿһǵϤӰѾʧ
ȻһĨȻʧѹ
һ桢ˡ
ӴԺңģû˳ѹͷˣ
ͬʱҲûˣȥڷ絲ˣ
ȻһĨмĳЦ֡
ʧȥˡȻǺõġ
˫۱£ʱѾûκζ
еֻһֱѹֵĵĮͰԵ
̡ˡ
һ߳ƫĿ⿴ҪۿţҲһ̡
᪡
ѾǿĿĵطɵƽš
֪˶ãҲֻһϢҲʱ
һĨصɣƬ֮䡣



274 ɵ
ƺһֵϣ嫺Уһ޶ĵϡ
Ϣ䣬Ѿ֣ǳŨգۼ䣬͵һ̶ȣ᪳ǡ
λŵӰĿٶ¶⡣
һ̣Ƭ֮䣬һɫĹâ֣ԽԽ̼࣬䡢㽫˺֮С
᪳ǣΧ˶ˣ׷׵˫ۣա

ؿɫϲ䲻ʧӵʣҲһĨʧ̬
ɹˣˣ
վſڣϲ˵
һԣҲɫ˷ϲãæ˵źϲĻ
үɣӻǿ׼ɡϢһλɫ۵ˡЦ
һĨ٬ϢȴԵôĳȡ
ԶԣТ˵öԡؿȻæͷ
ǿѹԼ˷ܵȵˡλǰףظ׹ɳ֮¡
ǡ

᪳ǵĸ߲Уܿ˿ϲ֮С
үһϢ֮شݡ
ͻȻ䣬ǺɫĹâˣ۾ɢɢ˭Ҳ֪ôãеĺȻһž޴̫ͼ
գ͸ޱȵİ
ûȥʲôǺɫ̫ͼͱˡ
Ϊһž޴ޱȵͼ·ɱݱ䣬Ϊϸ£Ϊȷ
һ·ߡ
գۣͼΪ󣬶ĵͬɷ䶯

·ƺָļ仯
ʮȥʧˣȡ֮ģһֺɱ䵽µİԡ
𶫣ϣǬϣ޶㶫ϡ
һɰϢƺƵγһһ㡣
ͨɿʲôһЩǿߣǴͥ߳ӰĿп־ϲ
Ȼʲôû˵Ƕױ˴˵ľϲ
ԣ
˼ĵش塣
Զֶ˵Ҫ̶ȲԶ
ʷ˴׺ԡ
ػũɽ׺ɽԡ
˻ԯ׺͹ԡ
ɴ˱ԿԶ֮Ҫһ̶ϣĸ֮һ
󼴱㾪žۣûڰɾ͡
Ϊ԰Եò̫ܼ򵥣֮ԣ̫£ûܹã
ռ
ǰʰԲһİԣǶܸоܲ
˭ܲ
ռΪ崴İԡ
˵ʷ˿ԣԣ֮
ǰġǺԡ
һ˷ܼȴӽ䱸ˡ
ǶףѾɱһֻֻǸ
ԡס
ĵһûȫ͡
ͬʱء졢活ȵطһ˫˫ĿУɫвͬ
οдϲƽȵȡ
˳֮Уڻᶨš
ǵĵȴڴĿ£һӰ᪳߳ǰġ
ɫȻȴִ׺Ϣ
ס
ү

ǡ

᪳УһͱһĻĻסˣӰĳ֣ǹ𺳡һϲôﵽһ۷塣
ͬʱƺݱİԣӼ˼֡
ô֣ȴﵽһ㣬һֲģΪֲĴڡ
ǵ
һɡ鲼ĵķ֮
һңĲһ£ֻôһ£ĸľ߱Ӧˡ
ףҪˣ
ǵĿⲻܿ޾գǶڵš
һɣضᴥĵķ֮ʱǾܸӦʱ
᪳Ͽա
ǰԣɫԽȻȻӰʧˣǰ֮УݱԽӿ
Ϣһ̺ϵ
ɣ
䣡
һ֣𵴣֮ķȴ࣬øǿ߷䶯
ԺȻת޾ĺ⣬·γһţһ㡣
޾İʣĵг嵴
˳УǹɴڵɱٶȣһӴﵽ۷塣
ÿһ˲ȥ֮Ĳʹһ֡
ϢУٵһӦˣɫ䣬ȥ
ۡۿһĻĻˣ¶һĨϲ֮⡣
ھ͡˵ھ棬ڳˣ
ʮϢƺﵽһޡ
䣡
һ죬Ǻɫ綸Ȼһͨ쳹صĺɫ
ֱڤڤеĴڡ
֮Уķ֮һ˲䣬ײ
ʮɫʮ򣬴ؼ伸ǿ
׼ʥ֮£Ӧ
ֻ׼ʥ缰ϵǿ߷ܿӦ
һ̣˱չص׼ʥ֮⣬е׼ʥ̧ͷ˳ŸӦݵķ
ǡݡġʮصȵȵطһλλ׼ʥ֮ǿߣɫͬ
ͥ
ˡھˣضԽԽǿ
ɵ֮ǿˣ

֮ϡ
ɵһ
Ȼ

ġ
ݺܿҪˣһϷ
ȥжȫսһ̹뼧ˣ֣ʮ֮־Ŀ͸˿˿
Ϸ硢Ǽ֮
Ƶ´ˡ
֮Уط˵ġǵġɵĵȵһ̣׷ӿ
ǡ
ƫǰΪءҵǵĵطˡ
ܲ׼ʥ֮Ӧ֮Ķƾ֮Ĩϵ
ܸӦɡõˣ
١򡢷ˣмλŵĳϣٵ
ɫΪصĿҲ˿˿𺳣ܡ
Ȼףʱжء
һǰǱʵҵ䣬ǵϤİıӰ
Ȼ䣬һֲʵĸо
Ϊǹİһɰޱȵϣܳһеļᶨѹ˵ǡ
ƵʱǱȵҸŨľǡ
ʮϢʱ䣬˼ĵڿˣĮķ·ûκдڣȥ᪣λȵȰɡ
仰ڳ˼˲䣬㶼ˡ
ȵѹƲס
Ȼ
ӿǶû뵽ҾȻѡǰȥ뼧һս
²١ݵˣҲţš
ͬʱЩȻ
ֲãЩὫȨϣ
һʱ䣬źܶĻȴ֪˵˵
ֻܳĬţĿ⣬
֮ء
ǵͨ쳹صĺɫɢĵ
ǵһԲĵ
ĵ
޽̤ϵǧ֮һﵽһ磬ٽ׵׻ΪԼĵ׼ʥ֮
ͬһҲǲһģӵеҲܶࡣ
䳹ױΪԼģܴﵽ׼ʥ֮
Ǵ޽Уǧ֮·̡



275 дһ
ﵽ׼ʥǼǿԼĵ
һֱﵽ㣬ԼĵԲ۷塣
γһԲĵ
׼ʥ·ԲΪɵ
桢ʱļԾĴصʮף㾳硣
ֻʮ׵У̫Щ
ﵽ󣬱ӵ˺кĵ
Բܶ嫺֮УΪ˭СĶǿߡ
ڲǧ֮·취򡢴֮·֮ʿʵҲǴͬС졣
޽ʱǿĵֻ˸Ϊ֮Ḷ́ϾǱģԼġ
Ȼ̣ΪҪȥߡȥ죬ʵҪһЩ
ﵽһ̶ȣȻȻͳΪ׼ʥ
һǿһֱʹΪһԲ
ʱļ
·ͨ쳹صĺɫĵתİ
ͻȻɫ仯һʾ״Ķڻᶨγš
γɣɫǿ
ͬʱ᪳Լܿˣܶ඼һ֡ĵز
ƺɫеİܿһЩˣʹѧһЩ
ӰһЩǿߣЩȡ
ǿĽ̻֮
ǿߴϲܴԡɵƶǿĴڡ
Ƚ̻ЧУҲֻвɵʱʤһ
ǷĿȥֻɫоĶϣŶִڡ
ף
ӰĿϲжһĨɫ
ܡ

СԺ
ŮЩüĿԼ̣Щǵʵ̡ôˣ
һҡҡͷǿ¶һ΢Цûʲô
ֻеĲѣʱȻ˴̣ĿûС
ܸӦ֮ĲסǼɵˣ
̣¼ӭһξ޴Σβǣ
Щǲܸ濶Сġ

ǡͥģȵȵط˼ǧĿ⿴ͬһطķ
գۣʱ͹ȥˣңԶˣʡۡĿⶼջˡ
ۿʼͥС
֮ҲƽȥʵҪǼոͻơɣıʶеµĴ֣֮ǲô׾ͱȫֵġ
һ󣬺ɫʼԽԽСΪ˼ЩͬӰ
ӵϣҲӵ׺ͣǹ崺ϢŨޱȡ
лү
μү
ү

Ȼ󲿷ˣӰ᪳ԼΧ˶׷׹ȥ
ΪƬصˣܺãƶȣиո˵
ȥ֮ˡ
˸е׺͵ɫϣ˼Ĩº͵΢Ц׺͵˶ߡ
ö񡣡
ûȥ·ˣֱ̧ȭżݸлһݹǶŶڤڤеķ֣һ
ֶӰȭ΢΢һл档
лŶصɣȻ죬ȴֻˡ
еλ
ˣ
ǡӦ֮¡

涼Ц⣬˵һ
ʱȻȱҲǼȱ
ʵվһУƽȵĴڣȻ̫д
ҡͷǫۺͼ棬ܵ˵ȵز
˵ʵĻҪۺͰĴڣôġôͻƣ
ûͻǰҪ̾һսˡ
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ĿⲻײĶһۣ⡢̾ϢɫԼͬĴĬ

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ʱҴ죬һԲﶼ̵ĵؽ硣
Ųͣ£ת˫ԽԽĿ򼧲



276 
ͼĽŲͬʱͣ£Ӱһȥգʧ
ֻ򣬸һϣⷽԲĵؽ
ΣǶϣⳡսֵķз
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һ٣˲ָ糣ƽǴӣȻԳԳơ
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ƺҪһеײһ˲Ͳ֪չ˶ٴΡ
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飬һ˲ɻ
Ǳķֵ֮գʼѿɫ޳֣һռһ룬ڵķ֮;
ড
һУһɫķâУһֻɫƸǿ֡
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״±Ϊһ޴ĹͼΧŹתݱǬ
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֮ǿᣬͼ޵УȻֻаɿԵãɾѾǿһ̶ȡ
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ɴ˿ɼǰ֮ǿ
մ˵ȻǵҪǿЩվԼġ
Զûмʵ
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ȻԽ֮ʱΰӰͬʱߡ
ǿᵽһµӿ½һµϣײĿֲ
ǵͷ˿
ʮ˫Ŀһڡ

ʵֹʮ˫Ŀ⣬Ȼ޴Ĳ
Щ˻סġ
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ңԶ졢活죬ڵҶ֮ʱǾ͸Ӧˡ
ĿͶ˾ݡ
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ԼͬģһĨ⡣
ȻھͿսˣ

ڳǣ֮⣬ִƴȨĵͬӦˡ
Ǵ֮
Ѿ뼧ս
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ٵûһȥͬڰĵš

ڣںɫâ֪˶ãײ˶ٴΡ
ʮӰüͷѽĿţŹһ˿
Ȼ
ɫâ͵Ĵǣƺȼһܵ棬·𼫾һ㡣
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Уɫâǿ˲٣׵ѹǺɫĴ
ΧʮӰɫ΢䣬м˾Ҫ֡
֣
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Ϊףһ˳ˣˡ
䡢䡢䡣
״ĺɫâȻǣǷһ㣬ƴֿȼĺɫâ
ˣȥɣ
УһӰ̾Ϣһ
ж˼ˣҲϨˣΪҪǣҲġ
䣡
޾ײը죬޾ֻɹâҫš
֪ãڡһж
Ⱥںɫâɢʮ˳֣סһУһƬɫޡ
УֻһƲһӰ
ǲ𣿡ӰʼŤУ͸һĨʡΡ
ʮ˳ĬǼģƲš
ӰǵҵģѾȼȥһУǾһֻʣɢִ
ԹȥˣţһƣǿŶЩü
Ϣ󣬳ĬУǵӰִ׵ɢٲһ˿ۼ
߰ɣ
һ˿ڣżĿ⿴һ۲Զͷȥ
˳ָֻƬأһͬЩĬȥ
ԶӰѾ˵ط˫ͨƬռ䣬ǵӰִɢĵطݺݿͷ
ʮͷһ˺޺޵س裬ϡ

ʵѾˡ
ǡ
һײʱӴ֮»ص˳Ϸ
һ
ԥݷΧڵĹԱ鲻Խı
ˣ

ٵ˫ͨ죬׷׹ȥ
ǿʼ˳˽ţȥ



277 򡢱ǿ
ټƵ̡ȵȵȵȡ
ǵӰ⣬̶ʮϢʱ䣬ͨͨȥ
һɱˡЩҵգԼٶȣǣӶȥ
ƫǰܵ˿ƺΧԼĿйµľٶûп
ֻϵϢһ֡
Ŀ⿴ƺЩʧ
𡫣
ˡ
塢ꡢʶܵģһϮ
Ϊͷûѹˡ

֮֮
̰˸ǧУΨڵЩ궼Ѿȴľʱ
ҵѹһʧԶţۿɼٶȣڱǿ
Ͼ˿ڴһ
ΪӣǴ̴
ܱе֮ͺӴˡ
ֻǱѹţܱɣ䣬ѹʧʱҲˡ
ǧɵĽɫţҲڷĳš
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Уƺһһޱȿٶȳɳţ˶
Ψһͬǣٶȡ죬ȷʵڷٵǿš
ǲ֪ǣܵЩʧС
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ǰһֱڡ
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˰
ҲǸеڴģʱȴӵ

Ȼ䣬֪Уһɿտյĸоȫ֣ƺʲôû롣
ֻлʵ۴һּΪٶȳɳš
ļǿҲԸٶ֮
˿ϣϢԽԽǿҲԽԽ䵭
ٵ˲Ҵţֱϲ
䣬ϲܶ򡢱ǿ
ˡ
ˣһһΪģ鳯ǡ
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ʱްһĳǳأȥǹڵصӰ
ˣ
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ողǿϢ˻
һ˫۾ѾȫǵĮĮ˸о䣬ƺĴڡ
ϢתĴȥȡ㡢ְԵޱȡ
ϡ峤ϣټš
ݡ÷𡣡
٣ûбκα˭
ӡȸɡźټٹ٣ȶá
ԸߣܽУģɱ
Į˾ܾһһ£ɹŵڳм䣬ֱ߽˴

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ΣܴﵽģҲ޼
ռûдﵽܲеϲ
ѹǴӵϸܵģʵʵڵǿѹָУҶûиǹ
غʵƺϵܵľǸоѹ֣Ӷ𾪡

ڶĿⲻһۣ˼Լˣʼж
䣬̫̫ࡣ

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ʱ֪ε£Ψһģȶãͱǿ
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Į·ص˼Сǰ㣬ǱʱӵİԵɡ
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ǹѹֺ𾪣ͬУǱܵĽԻȥ

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ϲ֪֪ϵʵѾ׼ʥΡ
ˡ
пʼϣ϶ʱ־ϲҲٳĬˣ׷
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ǧɣﵽ˴ʱİǧŰٶɡ
ҪֻǿǧɣԽ棬ǿһҪ֮ɼαӡ
˵⼸С֮ӵгǧɵ
ôһõ֮ص۹֮ʵӵгǧҵ
Խ桢ԽĲ࣬ǧ֮֮൱һЩĴ֮ҡ
ȴֻﵽز
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ɴ˿ɼԽ棬Խ󵽲˼Ĳࡣ
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գۣͬӿ͹ȥʱ䡣
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278 ӿ
һս¼ֱӻԹȥ
־磬ֱӻԹȥʹûԾ鿴
ܵҲԼȷضܵ˿ܵơ
˵Ҳ㻵
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ǰİ˴֮ҲǸǰȥĿһ龭ˡ
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Էһ£Ҳû⣬ĮֶԾݸļ죬᪣κ춯

ˣаеһӰæȻӦ
˼ˣܾ˼Ƭ̣ڼеֻǼɵ
ֻҪһʱ䣬Ըѡ
ܵǰصƣʱ㹻ˡ
ʵϣΪǰļ䣬ûжԵҴܼ֮ͥ±жϣ
ҪģֻǸȡһʱ䡣
Ȩһڵλʱȷˣ
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м͵λʱǵ²ܣʱ䣬ﵽǧɵļޡ
ǡԸ߹ӦӰʧ첽ȥٵˡ

ٵ˵õϢ˿
ݣԽӿϢͷ·籩꣬Űǿߵġ
䣬ʵ̫ϡ棬ֻľƣδ֪ģþݵձޱȽ
Ǵ̵ĹԱǾݵȶ󲿷ڿٵšȨţų᪵Ķ
ﶼ⡣
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ûһᣬһλɫۣʴɢ˫۲ǻԵ˽ȭ΢΢һ񣺡ӣ
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ΪТ΢һЦɫҲȻ֣һ˵ŵӲصģүġ
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ûԥֱϵʵТ᪵Ҳʸ֮ģɸײڣʱΣϮο
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Ͼүڣո䣬ԶǸΣգӵġ
ǵĵ֮λ񲻹Ǵ޽֮ʹ̵ɳҲǶʱġ
ֻҪүڣδɳ̾;ʲô
ؿƺ˿¶ЩɵЦ⣬Тôһ˵ҾͰĶˡ
ҲҪ׼ˡȻֵ
Т˵ؿ̬ȳϿҵ
ˣ¼ձ㵽ЩɴдˡָԶּࡣ
Т˵ǡؿĳ
˵˼䣬ȥؿɫģºͱΪһĮ˼Ƭ̵ٿһιТݣҾд֮ˡ
ǡû˵ĴУһƽӦ
ؿ˫۱ڳ˼
ТɲҪʧ



279 򡡢
᪡Լݸ˫۾׷׿š
ʱ׼š
ͬĴޡʮУͶԽԽĿ⡣
ȤԹۡЩü
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䣬û¶档
е֣ûеõ׼ȷϢҲúܶ˲²
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˶ڵȴĬĬŵʱ򣬾뵱ǵڰ졣
᪵ؽ硢һͨɽ
ʱУԺġ˶ڵӦļȴǲѹ
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Ҳ¶ˬ׺͵Цݣһ죬ˡ
ûٶ˵һż᪳Ƕȥ
ʱͨ˺òȥԸز᪳ǣҲΪһ㡣



280 ۺš
һսĵڰ죬Ϣطټ˲ؿӣܡɢ̫ߡϹʵس
μүףһؿ˽Ǵϲڲס˷
λض񡣡µϷ׺͵΢ЦˣϵڵЩʱգλˣ
ң
үⱾҵȵְ𣡡

ܵæŻϲ֮УһƬϲõ֮С
ԭܼ򵥣үףˣ᪾Ҫˣ
Ʒ
ôܲϲã
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ʱǹɻ̣ڳˣЩȵĿż
ڲõĻ
ѵ
в²࣬ء
ĻףʱҪдıչء
ǧѷĻǰѡչأѡ񰴱ܶҲˡ
صơ
ôһֲ֣ϾҶѾˡ
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п˼ţǡ
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䡢λ˰Ҫǰȥݵġ
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ҲԽ˽λ
󣬼ķԸһ
ܿ죬ֵϢ͸жɢǰȥ賯ݵϢవеϢ
Ϊģٴ˿
һӿİ
⻹Ҫʱ䣬ھգܱڳʽٰλʽˡ

ⳡʽλʽ˵һ㶼ռơ
ԵЩª˰ݶˡ
ʮһǧʮꡢʮա
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һ죬ټĳУһƬȻǰ
гڱ鲼Ĵල£߳˷ţȴ¡صһ̡
УǰĹ㳡ϣһԱ˼ڳάָӴȣľƷԱѾˣų϶һ롣
һԱɫƽȻȻأûзһ˿һ
Ƿ׷һߴŰپʮɵļ̨
̨ϣʱֻֻͭ󶦣󶦸ߴȥΪӺأ·ѹһС
ͳŶ
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ֹǣݡͥطģҲڲ⣬ͬڵš
УʱҲڵţУڴۡ
ǴģƷ鱦ΣʮǰͱҴ˵ܡ
ŵܵ⣬ƽϰƺһ㵭ĹâסǺĵĮףֻз·Ԩһ㡢ƽ۾ɵ
ɫΪɫΪ޳ۣӡһ㵭ɽӡǳһ޵Ӱ
ӲΰеԽءϡַ
Ѿٶ꣬Ȼ䣬ʱƽˮУһոտʼĸо
ҪΪԺеĵҪȥǺ嫺ޱߵѹȥһԼȷעʾ׵·

־˶ٶܺȻһּȤ
һ˿ֺܵܵЦ⣬Ƿþòɢȥ
ֱʱ֮ʱ
ЦʧΰŲ䡢ͲŲ߳š
ֻżĿ̴˷ϮȴӰ˿
һˣܵǣȴѹУȫƬؼԵġ
ǸصУ̨ȥ
еĹԱʱȻӰ߹١ݵȵȸղվǰˣĸڵһ̨ȥ
ǧɵľ룬ʮϢ㵽ˣڹԱɴ̨һ棬Ա̨֮ͣ¡
ڶĿУܲŲߵ˼̨֮ϣǳʹŵľŶǰ
ʱʱжʮϢҡ
ܰվߵ˼̨һǣʽҪ֡
ͥ졢活УʮĿʱ׷
ƽȤȻ˼
ʮϢʱգ۱ʱٵһ̡
ݵɫص˼㣬ſڡ֣صǡ
غġ̡
һģƬؼƺƻصС˶֪ʼˣ
һľ񶼱ϸϸš
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ؼ뵻棬һء
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ҲֻǼһˡȴݵ˾Уֱ壬ֻֽгֵļġŶȼĻ档


281 

Ŷȼһ𣬺㽫Ǽյһɶ
ֻ֡һ΢Сһ㣬Įף˿仯
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Եء
ݡٵȹԱȴǾޱȣЩˣ
һġɤǾǧԣһҲʧ̬

Ҫ֪ʲôʱǶ޲ʵܡ
Թ飿
Ȼأ
ͬʱͥȵطʮĿ⣬Щˡ
Ҳûмڵ
ͥУһ˫˫Ŀϲ򲻽⡢졣
мüͷ
죬򷨲մƺվڵ֮۷ӰһĿһ˿һĿһ˿ϲɻһĿȤ
活УǵůĿ⣬רעˡ
ذ
̨ϣ̲סˣо

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ʱûж̨º󷽵ĹԱ̧Ϸȥһˡ
·𿴵ʲô˼һ¡
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һȵУһ˿аٹ٣Щ㱵
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ݵ˶ʱֽű䣬û֪Ӧԡ
غΪŭˣ
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ްΰһӰƽص֡
ģȻݲЩŭݻδȷҲֻˡһұߡͬΰжһĨζǾϲڴȤ
мӰ˵ͷ˳Ĭһɲ֪ʲôš
졢活УĵĿ⼫ΪްĨ˼
ͬʱʮ֮һУӰ˫ۣЩ⣬غЩŭˡ

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߿ϣֺɫðٹзž
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˵꣬һ߹¡һǵӰƺߴ򰡣
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ǡһСӣΣΰӰ֮һոտڵӰһĨȤЦ
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ҲУֻǸĺӡ
ûǰ
ܿóǵӰϣһΨҶһеİ
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ǷǶܸо޵Ӱϣһָоˡ
򵥵˵ߵİ
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ΰӰмλǳĬû˵ʲô
龰Ҳûüš
活죬ǵůĿУ˿˿˼͡޵Ȥ
졣
ӰָѾüͷȴҲ
ΣһĸȤĴЦ֮һĴ
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С
ݡٵѾˣֻСĿ졣
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ͬʱϿգǷ·ޱ޼ʵƺԳ״
·ޱ޼ʵĽɫƺ͸ޱǿ
ݲٵȥˣ̴ȵ塢ۡ桢λͣ
˵ܵӰٴΰȥ



282 Ӵʱ𡢹Ϊ
ݵˣЩĿ⣬Ҳˡ
ءʡĸݣοۡ
ߴٵ˼ûˡ
ݵ˴ʱǾĺãʡľ
ϣݴȵСŽŵĿ
˵ĸûзŭȻҲˡ
û飬˭ȷ
ãɫƽ
ͬʱٴγһģƽ޲ӽ˾Ŷ֮С

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һ̣Ѿƺĺ
һͶ£ֱ˵ϣ·һΪܵϵһ
һֻоڤڤһޱȺȻӴĸӦ֮С
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ͬʱڵЩޱȵ˷ܡ
˳ӣ
һʱʲô
׼
Ȼ˳Уߵͬȴͬһ֡
һ̣ܱоԼ˳һϵлŰҵ
ףܵˡ
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ڣسء
ֿɲǼ򵥵ģ䣬ǵﶼ񾴡
ΪʲôҲֻ֧ǧꣿ
Ҫ֪ǵʵ׼ʥ֮ҲߣĻǶܻúúõġ
ƾ֮ԶԶѹǵĵز
ҵ֮Ҳֻ֧ǧꡣ
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ԭʵֻһǱ˳ӡ
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ҲĵȷȷҪԭ֮һ
׼ʥ֮˳ӵ
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Ҳֻ׼ʥֻ֧ǧꡣ
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ʱʵǿ
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ݵķˡҪԽԽˡ
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ӰǳĬţƺʲô
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ůĿҲ˻ȥ˼ʲôʱһĨȤζ

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ݡٵˣüͷ
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ֹ򣬻кܶطӰ죬ϾǴλá



283
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Ȼûлᣬȴһˡ
ǿǴ󡫣
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Ըߵš
λȻҪһЩˣҲҪһЩԼĸ԰ȳá
УмвڲδɳԲû̫ķͺΡ
˽ܵڲ֮⣬Ĵ󲿷ֶʹһЩ
ܿ죬Ըߵ
ĿɨڳȻڵչ³λˣ
ǣ
ٹһϣǼᶨ

Ϊǵλһ죬ûҪ飬һδ󳯻ɢȥ
ɢȥġЩ²ĹԱ
򡢴̰˧˶
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ϣı֣ѾѹеǷ룬ᶨԼҪúø뷨
ʱ󣬷ŭж
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ɻԶԶûеʱ
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ƫƫȴֻ˸֮λ
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û뵽һֱȵĵ֡



284 Ĵ
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286 Тֱ˵
˰ٶʮλλɣǶûй
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288 Ȥ
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ܿ죬ؿɫѹһĨصԼסҹТǰ
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ϲӡТҲ¶˸Ц⣬΢΢һЩǧҪע⣬Խʱ򣬾ԽҪ
ҪҪ򲻿˷ִ硢ʧݺͱ֡
ؿɫ΢֣࣬صصͷТǣҶģպκβԣТָ
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290 һȺ֪Ķ
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Ǳ˺ͬʱ۵ĹѾͥ

һ˺ȻĿУһһ޶Ľɫ֣һӱɳȫ



291 ѷ

һˣ

ңԶгֵʮλУ뾪ڡ
ԭвٲȷˣʱҲȷˡ
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ҵĽ֯һ𣬶̶˫ƺѾɱΧ޾յһʱ䱻顣
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ʱӼңɫռƣȫĥͱѹ·硣
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ɫŭţӴÿһΪλۡ
ʱƣԽԽ·硣
ңԶݴص׼ۡʥ飬Ѿ𾪵ò֪ԡ
һ˵ʵ򲻹ڶ̶̵ʱھͷˡ
ܶ˻ûзӦݡĮλڵ֮֡
ʮλΧƺѾɵĵ
һеһж̫ͻȻ
ͻȻЩǰһС
ǰδеУֻܱŰġĿһս
𣬻ʲôֶζʹɣ
ɺ󣬾Щ𣿡
Ͷ

ٶɫױѹ·硣
ʮλӼ䣬ǳĬģڴȵ
мŭ䡣
ĺһУ˴ŭȴҲ޿κΣǵʵﲻæ
޶ԣһЩ֮¶ȫˡ
һתӵȫƴ򷨡
ʮλȴǲϲΪ㣬ʾŵпѾʹȫûʹȫҲ̫ˡ
ֹ룬ûֵˣ඼뷨
һϢͥȥһüͷǿѹеĻȣ˫ۿͥЩȷ
ʹȫˣ
Ӱ㡣
𡢻𣿡
ֲͥ

ʮλһѹɫĬٴδȵ
һλ˳ɵĴڣûһҴ⡣
οողоλȥ˭ҡ˭ʸҴ⣿
ߣĺһЩЩ䡣
ɫҲǷһ㣬ƴһʱ֮䣬ǽǹ·ת
һ̣վһΰѾ֮ͥϣķѹǬ
·̾ͳΪµģ˼еĿ⿴ȥ
һɲѹ֣ǵΰƾճС
֪޳ȫǡ俴Ŷʮλۣ·֮Ϊһ㡣
ȭ̧𣬾Ҫ֡
𡢺þòˣ
ȻһЩŵڲԶ֣һλȥʮҵˡؼ䣬ŵ
ԭͷһĶʮλۣ˲١
ˣ
̧֣ĿĿȥҲ
ɫһŭղſȫ
ҲǲΪԷĿŭ
̫ˣ˻һŵϢԽԽŨͳ
ǡ΢мЦһͬǲ֪˭ɡ
ˣҲǾ֮һ֮⣬˺Ȼ䲻оˣĿͳһС
ã̬𣿡һ͵𣬿ʮӰһ֡
㳤ʲôʸΪѣĿȥƽЩȴǲм
ͬΪ֮һĳӰ΢һɱѳɣȴҲ̫˷ˡ
Ϊˣܴ𣿡
϶ķ޽վһ̡м
ѷ裬λֽסɣһƮƮǰУһƮӰ֣ǲⷽؼһ㡣
֮һң
ң֣ĵ۵Ӱ֣ŵ
ݵأˡ
Ӱ˫۵ɵ󣬺ͣ١
ǶʮλӰǷ·صΰ
ʮλֶۣԸһˣûз¡
ɲǲš
ɫȴǳƽĮĿ΢΢һɨڶཫΧĴۣ˿ǣһĨЦ⡣



292 ֮
ƽĿ⣬˫ֻЩˣ
ɫ΢ʶһĨõԤ
ʲô˼
ûһ죬ɫɢŲһӰѾʧ
ֻ䵭һ仰˶С
ȻˣǾͶ°ɣ
˷ӦҲȳǶԵӰʧľɷ
˲Ϣ֮䡭
䣡

ҵ
˿ȥʱɫԭӰϢ䣬λ
Ȼһ֮£λֻüܵķȴûʲô֮һҽ
˿£
˾ðԭŵǣ˲
ٶȼصң𣬸һĨ㱸С
ôܣ
ٶȡ
Удۼˣȥ
ֻӰѾʧûκβƾյľǰʧˣ˭Ҳôʧġ
£
ңһȣλۿ£ȥд۷׷Ч¡
Ȼһ̣𣬰ŵģ۵ĲҽС
ʹѾǷҲƴͻȻ֮䣬ûκη֮
һɫǿࡣ
дۣ൱׼ʥε𣬶ЩĿѡ
ôܣ
ˡֱӳһطӦóֲŶԡ
µѾɣҲӦá
ǹɺ⣬Ϯ˵ȫ
ⲻٶȣȻңȵƶ
ͬʱҲûһֹûá
һ˲䣬Ϣʧˣ۱ûá
ʱʣµĶʮһλۣȴѾһͷѡ
˴˵һ̺ž޴ɱκһ˶õ˵ķ
ԣҲòͣˣӰ³ͥϷ
ĮĿ⿴ڶۣǲ
ϧҪǶʮλ֣Ҳһڶʱڽɱ
ڶʱǰĴ۾ԻԽԽࡣ
ƾɱλ֮λλ൱׼ʥڶεĴۺ
ʣµЩˣѾܹʲô˺ˡ
λ൱ڳ׼ʥελ൱׼ʥڶεĴۣʮλ൱׼ʥһεĴۡ
ֿԶԶ
⾿ʲôͨȶʮһλۣ˿
ȴûж˵ʲô˼ŲһǰϢĳڼλ
һ£嫵·һ㣬ӿ򾪺λۡ
ͬʱʮһλϵϢܵ˲䱬ˡ
ʮһɿ̸ֲǿƿֲ׵һơ
һ̣˾ĿУӰֱӳ˶ʮһУйϡ
ֻϵۡƽڵȵȣɢҫ۵ĹâӲסеĹȻЩѣĵȷȷסеĹ
Ӱǿλߣһĳûʲôֻһ
;λֱۣӱһƴ顣

˻Ŀŵϵۡ
ǵĺһȻûдƣɡ
ûᣬһλȥ
ɱ
ʣµʮλۼѾ˲ʲôˣæ̳֡
ʱѾ´ʮλ֮УͲʮλ۵ĹƾЩϡ
ԹһƸĿλ۵ĹȻ
䣡
ʮĵ۵ײλ۵ĺһ𱬷춯ء
ʣµʮλۣгױ
ΪǵʮĵʹǼ¶Ѻ۶ˡ
ô
ɫԱЩ԰ףû˵κλλתܣƴһ򱱶ݴ֮ȥ
ӰӦֻһ˿ͬ˵ƴɢܣ쳣
Щһ޴ӵõ
һ̧ɳȥٶȿľˡ׷ɱӶݵĴۡ
ʧգۼ䣬˱Ӷݵһǧ⣬һѹ¡
һ֮¡췭ظ
λʸûУֱȥ
һ̣Ӱʧٴγһλ۵֮⣬һѹ¡
أ
㲻á
ֱ׷ɱһλۡ
ٶȻûеǰ㣬ֱϢ˲ơ
Ҳþˣλȥ
ʱǻûгֵļۣ˵顣
·Ӳˣֻ㶵ĿţǵӰɱһ㡢ɱվ֮۵Ĵۡ
Щҡ
ʹۿţֲšܽܵĸо
Ǵۣ
䣡
һ򱱷ӶݵλУֻʣ˳
ƺоǹɽߵΣУȵ𣬺αظϾɱҪɱд𣿡
ûлӦǹȥϢѹһУҧҧ·ȥһе㲻ҪͥԸ롣
ǧĵһ˼¡
ʱɫޱȣҧгݵ̫
ٸһλᡣŲæظų𣬵
Ȼûⷽ硢շһλۣϾ۲֪ġ
Ҷ˵ȥĴۣǺôۡ
ôһλۣһҲá
Ը⸩׳Ƴܹ򡣡
ȥɡ⵭˵һ䣬һƷ
ʵ⡣
һ˵ѹС
һȥ׼ʥȥǿ֮á
䣡
š
üͷ΢һⳤһֲ



293 ʮλ
Ҳû⣬Ӱһתʧ
֮ȻΪ֮ǿһط˲֡
ⱱݴأϢĳκһط
ٶȿࡣ
ĺô֮һ־֮ǿĻȫϢ˲κһط
Ҳܹǿɱλ۵Ҫԭ֮һ
ȻһЩǿߵǻܸоġ
˵ȫվڲ֮ء
ﵽƷ鱦ΣҲǳԽⷽķ
ﵽ׼ʥ۷ʵ
ţܹһѹеĵ
ҲΪʲô˵ⷽʺҪԭ֮һ
䣬ӰһλƴӶݵĴ
ոһ鿪ʼ·׼һ
ֻҪҳ֮Ըͥڣд̲סɳջ󣬺ΣУһνĴϡ
Դˣ޶ԣ޴Ķּۻ۵ʸ
̧һƣ׷һλۡ
̶ʮϢʱ䣬Ӷݵλ۱ȫɱλһɱλ
һϷ׷ȥȥ
ʱܵģҲֻʣˣϷļһλ൱׼ʥڶεĴۣ򶫷Ӷݵң
Ϸһλ൱׼ʥڶεĴۣѾնɱһλ۵һѹסҪ˶áᱻնɱ
ԭȥһ׷ȥ
ǴءΪٶң
׷򶫷һȻѾλնɱһʱ֮䣬׷ң
ۿžҪɳݴء
ѾûлˣϢ󣬵˲Ϣ֮ǰ
ΰңǰĳءѹ֡
𡪡
䣡
ң˵ЩʲôһĳĮǿƴ˶ԷĻ
ңŭȴ޿κΣֻӲͷƤԶȥһҪϾɱ
˿ûж˵ʲô˼ٶͬľˣһԲȭǿ
ԭ׷򶫷һҲջأһţӿѹң
ɱ̬ǿޱȡ
䣡
ңƾգǿţɫϾǱߡ
û뵽Լõ³
ţһֽնɱ
ңΪʵŭ
޶ԣǸûһ㣬ֻɱС
ʮңĿУһжƽΪ֮һµң𣬳׼
ظɵİ˿һĻľ
Ƕ֪ˣ
Ϸ
һʮλֻۣʣ˼һˣŶ׷
ѹ֣ƺšʱȥĸоɵûй顣
ǧģʼҡ
գۣڷɳ˱ݴأȴûһƴطš
ֱǵӰǰ
̧֣һȭ¡
䣡
ۣ
΢Ѫը죬Χȫը飬ֱǿк˱ݴأѪ硣
ΰһ̤޻ڵٴһȭ
ѡޱߡ
ûɿļ𣬾ӭһȭ
ء
ҵĺУһɢ
ֵĶʮλۣȿʼľλۣһʮλۣڱԼΧдۣһսһ򾡡
תһ֮ͥϡ
ƽĮĿһɨ·أϵ߸ϣǰԵ˿аɣݣдʥϵڣǰͥ׳ƳΥߡն
£ӰѾصĺһС
μ£
˴ûйôļܣʮλۣһս֮£ȫڱС
»˭Ǳµ֣
˭ܷ˱£
ǲ֪֣ܵΣ
һͳ£

ĴҲ˿βǵļܡ



294 
ǺѾͥѹ¡龡Գĳ档
ʱȻҲˮǴߣΪⷽĶ
㲻Щ棬ǰǰδСֻ˼ѪڣΪ֮ƴȫ
һӣ濴ȥƺ༤ˣֻǵȥ׼ɣЩڵ۱Χˣ۱ͥ
ոɱ֮УʮλۣһŶʮ۱Ȼȡ˴룬мûȡ
ĵ۱൱ںеƷ鱦һУɶʮݶˡ
ǡһ羴Ӧ
ܿǾ¡ȥ׼ݴظĸ׳Ƴ֮£͵۱֮¡
ǿʼЩӵ֮
һ֮ǿʵһѡܸӵ飬ҪµĻۡ
ⷽ磬һֱȡ顢֮ҲҪܳʱ䡣
Ҳûнݾ֪취
һնɱۼǿߣۼǿ߾Ǻĵһεε׼ʥǵĴѾﵽһ̶ȡ
籾ܵ־ɣĸַԽǿԽǿȻҲԽǿ
նɱۣǵĴͻʧȥˣɢ֮䣬磬ǿַ
һʼĴ㣬ˣһֱڶۣΪһնɱǡ
׼ۼǿߣʵҲԣЧԶԶȲϴۼǿߣһλ׼ۿܻȲһλۣԴʱûдǵע⡣
鳼ˡ
ⷽУȻһʼͶϾӵ֮Ŀܣȡǵ֮ʵЩ֮Ҳڱܵķ
ݱܵķҲ֮գķǳ֮
õģǧ֮һ֮һʮ֮һ֮һûС
ЩĵݱܵķȻҲͻС
ȡ֮ǿ١
ʮλȥ֮ǿ˲٣Ĺ㣬Ѿﵽ׼ʥΡ
˵ЧȻǲ󣬵ٶȣȴǺܲġ

ͬʱ֮ͥ⣬ݴϡ
˵ȥЩ׼ۡʥ֮Ĵڣµ飬һƬ
ƺֳһ㶯ܾǸΰޱߡǴ˼ӰӰ
ƺֱ˺þãޱѹֵƽԱһЩ
һӰĿУ̺ŵޱȵľη
ʮλۣ
ˣ
ǷܶĿ֮꣬۵Ĵۣڸոգ׼һ㣬ǵǰ
ּķ֮£Ǿ󲿷ֻокʲôˡ
Ѿǿ׼ɣԵİУһλ׼ۿǿߣû˺ӣΪƽȻִ˿˿ľη˵
ţ˵ò
ʱվЩ̣ǻ׼ãͥ

ƽĸ͵һжԵúƽ
ֻƽУȴһĨϢ
Զֹ󲿷׼ۡʥˡ
ƽ˵ţȥͥ׳Ƴ¡
Уʮλ۶ˣ
ǻôбѡ

ڰһֱûг桢֣޼Ĵۡ
ֻģȡһ㶯ģ򱱶ݴ֮ȥ
һ߰УҲһ롣
۲裿
ǺǣʱǶоһЦ
ʮλ۵ǵıɱӲΪһЦ
Ǹûʲô֮ģֻ뿪ݴأٲǵӰ
ֻһϢЩӰԥΣһͥȥ

ܿ죬ԱݴΪģǿߴڵĵط
ͥɡ޵Уǿɱʮλۣеλ
ʯ쾪£ٶȣ
һ󲻸ŵУǴ󵽼ޡδйľ
̶̵ʱУⷽ缸ǿߵĿ⣬˱ݡ
оηη塢ҲĶȡ
ңԶһϡ
һǿޱȵĴڣ˫ۣüͷ塣
ľǿ
𾿾ҪʲôҪ鶼

һޱȵĵط
һӰ˿˿ļȸԾ
ѾɣɹȻڡ
ȻܳɣҲһܡ

ĵ𣬷·Щп֮⡣
Ӱ¶Щ΢ЦĿ󾫹Ƕİѽ˵ǶԼ˵ģһѪ

ط۷׷׵ʱͥУֻһʱ䣬ͽӵЩ֮ȫǿһЩ
죬һϢЩӰܿͥǰ
ڤ𡣡һ㶼ȣƽĿ⿴ǰЩֵĺӰ
Ǿ֮һ൱ͬڶͶӰϵʦѵڤ
Ǻǣ𡢺þòˣû뵽ѾﵽزڤٺһЦȻϢЩԸȴˣΪʡЩûûƤ
ʱ˿̣ʦѵĵ𣬱ȵڵȴޱȵĽ
ƺʱһ㡣
ǷݽΪ浭㻹
ٺ٣ΪʲôңûеǰɣڤһЦǺ˵
˶٣ƽ޲ӣеļɵԽŨЩСڴ֪ھʲôزôǿ𣿡
ûȥ˽ڤĿģĿȻЩоǿƣ޸һᣬޡ
ڣУûʲôѶ֡
ǵУôɫǿҲǳӡ
ڤɫǵЩӲˣĿ˵һĻĻлΪݿеŭ
ͬʱҲףǰĵѲĵˡ
һʧɫȫֻ֣һĿģҡ㾿ʲô
ΪʲôҪɱôĴۣ
Ŀеɫһ˿һĨޣ
ڤиеޱѹ֣ȴ£ֻǾĿŵ
޳ȫ㡣ȴѾûж˵ʲôȤ䵭˵һ䣬̧һָȥ
ֲĺһбּΪۡһ˿һȫڤ
ڤɫЩȴûеֿƾǿֲĹֻҼȻȻбֶΡ
˵İԵ뽫ɱǲܵġ
һ죬бǿˡǰġ
أ
һը죬ڤӰʧ
üͷ΢һ壬ʬ
ǲ
ܿͽڤ֮Ժһλ׼ʥΰˡ
ⷽʣµĴǿߣʹȫһҲѶ첻ʲôΣ
һǰһ򾡡
ɱֻۣʱ⡣

ԭһصĵطڤɫЩ԰ס
ռɱ֮Ȼôֱ׵ȥҵ
ʬԴ˫֤һ뱾һ޶ѣֻĸɸɾȫʧĻЩ
˲ȥָ˫в˼Щǡ
Σ¶˾ġ
ԵյֳʵͨʹеĴһ֣Ҳκβɱۡ
ۣ
ȸԶһ˵
ֻ֮Ҫֳ󶯾ҲҲǡ
⣬Իָһ£򱱶ݴ֮ȥͬʱҲ´һһ
ڡۣͥűݴϵԼĴ֮ʱ
ڤҲڲŬѰҴǿߡȰǡ
ֳĶõϢǰ
ʱһȥ
ݴ֮ϣӵ׼ۡʥһһǰͥ׳Ƴ
֮ĴۣҲ̵õڤϢ
Դˣ󲿷ֵĴۣˡҲˡ
Ͼʮλ۵ģǰ˵ĸǾʵǰڤ
ȻЩǻǿٿʼתȥƫƧĵط䡣
Ҳۣû̫⡣
Уһ붼ɵΪûȥǵ𣬵Ҳǡ
Ѳɵɱ۲ɣ
ûж
鱦ȣĸм֮£һսóɵ

ͥУõϢдʧʱѾ¡
ݴӵ׼ۡʥͥƳ
Ȼڼ䣬Ҳ뱱ݵġ
յϢģǰȥɱһ
ûյϢģҲ⣬ݴֻһʼֵͥĵطԽԽ
ӵȥ
յĽֻһ
յдʧϢ˼Ƭ̣ûż
չͥ鱨ͬʱԱЩƳʼձࡢɷ
飬˵óġ
ʩ֮£ݴϵЩܿͶԱΪģͥһǣ˷̽ȥ
գۣʱȥ
Ҳͥ˳򱱶֮Ĺ



295 鱦ͥչ
ʱ䣬Ҳ֮˵ǳݣԣ΢
ǣԱΪġ·Ƭĵʱ䣬УȴǹЩ쳣
ɡ޵СɱʮλۣҪһͳ硢ʹ˸׳ƳȵϢдۡ
ʱ䣬ЩͨˣۣҲЩֻš
ǹѹֵգЩϢԽԽŨ
·ͥվͻһ㡣
ηġġ̸ġĬģȵط֡
ͥĳʱ£ʧ
֮޲׳Ƴ
΢ȵȵȵطֻͨһͥʹǰȥЩӵ׼ۡʥ
ӵд۴ڵ󲿷뿪ˣ޼ڵģǱš
һΣν䳼ﶼûˡ
ֱȥһ£·ݣڣȫֻһⲻʵص
㾹Ҫɱۣ
޶ԣ˴ܲ
Ų䣬һӵд۴ڵȥ
̶ʮʱ䣬еϢ籩꣬ϯһС
֮ҲΪΪаΪǿĴʣͷ
֮⣬λۣʮʱУڵϡ
ĴۣûӶݵģʮʱУҲӶݡ
ֻʣһλɴڣרŵŵǰһ
Ҳȷˡ
Ų˳ŷһƬɱϢ
Ų̤򣬵ĿгһӰİѽеһγ˿ޡ
Ǹøе𣿡ȥʮ鱦ĴЦѹд۵Ӱ˿壬еľǺ顣
Ŀһ˿̽ζ
֮һ鱦鱦֡ɽϤ֡
ϵλߴڣơ
ȻҲֻһЩطưˡ
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һλǿһ̶ʱûʲôٶҲӰ쵽ط
ͬˡ
֮ǿף
תڣʱʱ̶̿Ӱޱ߻纣С֪ʲôط硣
Щ籾ܵģһЩĴڵ顣
λУߵĴڣ֪ⷽںĶԶһ£ҲǺġ
˫ʵûκεϵ
ȻȻЩһʱ̴֮󣬾Ͷˡ
ȴЩ̽Ȥ
ۣԴһ˿޴Ӳ佱ˣеҡ
һֱڵȴ鱦Щ΢
Ӳ佱ˣ
Ҳ˵ֻ˵ʵѡ
веȤĵûм
ٴδЦһ𣬽ǰҲˡ
£Щϵı˺ܶࡣ
ͬΪ𣬶ΪΪǿλڡ
鱦Ȼ𡢺͵ĵһֻǲѡ
ûᣬǰȻͶӰҲֻͶӰˡ
ûļ䡢ڣֻһвɫҹ̶һЩİֽȻı䲻̫࣬侭ȣվкܶ಻һĵط
˼Ƭ̣ڵ֮ǰ޵ʲôġ
ŶΣ鱦ЩȤ
ûʧ
Ǿͺá鱦Ц
죬ȴֱˣȻ˵ˣ·
ãɣҵɽͿѪˡ鱦ɫȻİѳɱĽʼ
ȭûпֱһȭ
䣡

ҵĺ뽣䣬㳹׽ݻ١
ֹʮһвƽԭɱķ⣬Ѿһա
İѹٵĽ뿪ûһ˿ң·ոոûзʲôս
鱦ȷܲĽǵ۱ɽ󣬼ءԼڶͨ
УҲΨͶӰ𣬿Ƚϡ
ȣվúԶ
˵׼ʥεľ޴࣬ۡ鱦޲ߡ
ʵոһ˲䣬ΪõĴ㡣
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ֶԵ׷󣬼һЩֶΣΪĳӡ
Ƿˣ鱦˴̣վǸ
λض֣̫ᷢ鷳˵鱦ĳɳҲ֪ܲܳɾ׼ʥߡ˲Ρ
һλǿߣ˵֣ιͳĴô̫
ԣֱӽ
һ֮£տһĿȥ
ʱ󣬼ǿӰϴ̾Ϣ֮⡣
鱦̫ϧˣܹɣҵֺαضܵ𣿡
鱦սѰһԴ˳ɣϧʧˣ
ԲУҵȻҪķ

ӰǴǿߣ޵Ľ䣬̾Ϣ䣬Ϳٵͬʱȥ
鱦֮Ȼֹһı磬ͥʹ֮޲׳Ƴ
Ѱ˼طûзִ۵ӰԼͥ룬ڶ
ЩӶݵĴۣż
ͥĴֱ鼰棬ܵȥ

̶һʱ䣬ԱݴΪģΧʮӵ׼ۺʹʥѾͥԵ׳Ƴ
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ͥÿһ̣ڱøǿ
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ЩӲд𡢴ۣ˵ĻЩôġ
ȥͥ鲼С棬ʣµġЩûڡƫƧϡĵ
֮֮ͥǿһ۷ĵز



296 ͷ
峼
飬ֻ³ݡ
ȼδйٶ޴ʷڵϣҲ˾ԶԶ
ҲԭеĲʡ˼룬Ϊһͥͳ桢ϵʱе޾ҫ
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ͥǰһ̺ڶ׼ۡ׼ʥǿߡ
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תΪʣµȴǳ٣ֻǿʮǰͻɵϰһСɱ䡣
ﵽ˺׼ʥĲΣⷽɵı׼
һаܹﵽ׼ʥΡ
磬Ҳûвñȶԡ
ɵĲУ˱ǿ
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Լʵż
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ںĴ̵ĹͨȻǴĲû֪١
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ڼҲźܶ಻Ը⳼׼ۡʥǿ߱ҵȻɱ
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ʱҴҶͥţѾռ˴档
һʱȥ涼ͥŵѲһ顣
ʱ֮ǿ࣬׼ʥ۷ҡ
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ģҲ𽥼ӿٶȣʮľͷ
ɫҲ
ΪľͷǱǿնϵһ㡣



297 ʯ껡
ǰѾû··£ַ·һϣǰ·
˫У¶Ľɫâһеζתǰ·Ѷϵĵط
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е飬󲿷ֿӦⷽһ飬˵ǵʱһдĺᡣ
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ͨһ֮ʿͬĵط֮һΪһ㹻İա㹻棬ȥա
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飬ֻͥĳ
֣ѾϵĴڣͳеһС
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һҲͿʼˡ



298 һȥ
˼Уһ̶˵һ飬Ȼ
Ǹǿʼ֮ⷽǿ
籾һ㹲棬ûʲô֣֮ȴźϵ·ͬͬԴһ㡣
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ʯɫЩҡͷǷϹĵ̣һȥˣҿƴĻᶼûС
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Ŀ⵭ȥ漴˫ּĮɱޣҲûɱޡ
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գ۱˾һȥ



299 Ļ桢
Ӱ΢٣ɨȥ㲻£
Ҵû¹ʯЦе˼ûκλɣ͸ű
ɣĿȴ֣Խ䵭С
ʯĿһоŶԷǹɼᶨĬ¡ü㲻ң
ûж˵ʲôĿת˹ʯ껣Ǿǧ֮Ӧ㣿
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಻ңҶûк˼ʯ껿ŵ˵
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ûֹΪֹȥ¾ҪԷսһˡ
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ǿɲҪġ
תֻۣģŶԷӰ߽ǲϣʧ
ʯЩΡЩֻоԼһˣûа취úõĹͨ
ͬʱҲЩʧ꣬ٶ꣬ò׵ôһˣȴˣ
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Ҳڹؼʱ̾һΡ
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⣬Ϳʼ״̬
ǸϹжǿʹֵ֣ûκΰա
οڶԷϳ

һߣǲϣһͨһ޶ĵطֻϢѹࡣ
ܵĸӿˣѹƣ̾Ҫɳͨͷջޱȵڡ
ƽĿǲһֲۣһ󷨣ͲŲǰȥ
ͬʱҲܸоͨͷǿʼϢ
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ⷽͨԶûͨӦǾʶܽľ롢ͨնϡ
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ֻǲԶ·ûб߼ʡһİɫâ壬쳣ʵɢϢơ
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죬һУǿ
㣡Ǻ嫵İɫâУлһ˿ɵ
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㾿˭Ϊλһĸоû˵ʶٴ𣬻һĨ궯ŭ
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ʶ߾ȫѹŭ𣬿ͨйһغȥʯҲȥ𣿡
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ŸоԼٶȣȼ١



300 ȡ֮
΢ϲƴȫȥȶŭȶ˲ˡ
Ȼ䣬Ƭʵĵط
Ҳ⣬ˡ
·һ㣬޾֮
ʵ׼ʥ߲ΣȻʶĶ֣ɳɳڵѾ֮Լ֮Ŀǡ
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301 ˺ݻ
ҲʱɫˣУǽɫâ
ֻһ˲䣬ɫʣ°ɫâġ
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302 ɱ
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303 ֮
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УϵʵȴҪǣҪҪϲΪһ



304 
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ͳΣʯȻʵ
δὫںΪһûвͷҲû˵̫ࡣ
ʯ껳ĬһܵģöԷһʴȵͳߡ
ֱܵģоԷһԺϸͳߡ
ȴǲܵġ
ˬһЦηĿӰ֣صл̧ʯȴңˣ
ɫ䣬ֻǻϢԽŨѹϲ֮ọ̈̄ﵭ³֣ϧ
ʯ֮飬Ҳòϣܳɫ
Ҳĵġ
֪ѳҲڴʱԡ
ԶʯԽӽ䱸²ô׾ͽġ
ȻϢ֮󣬶ԷϵϢж˿˿ɱ⣬һֱ̧˹
䣡
ʱϲ֮϶żǿѹϵĿֲƺҪһ㡣
˲䣬ʯ껻ÿһëףƲ
ѾԼԵģǰδеǿУսʱҲ𾪺
ѾȫȫԽԼϹ
񲻹ʲôǰᱻʵĻ
ȴǺ޾ɫЦĿϧ
δ£ΪѾ㳲һӭȥ
䣡
Уգʯ껵Ĺ㱻ݰ
Ҳײһ˲䣬û˳һ˿˳ȥ
ʮ֮⣬ʯӰ֣˿˿Ѫǿ׳ΪңȻ˲Ĵۡ
ɫû˿⣬ЦȻǿ
ƽɣ޿㡣
ĿرǻʯǺ
ޣȻȻȻζ
ͳΣʯɫ˼֣ץʱָơ
֮¡Ī֮ĪͳһУкβã˵䣬˵ꡢ䵭Ȼѡ޳ȫ㡣
ո£һ£֮ղŸ֣߶һ¡
ѹһеϲ֮ϣǱ̵ıһ㣬ѡ
ʯ˫΢΢һ£ɫƽûǿֱֱֲֻŵһζǿƣվķ
龡Գ㣬һ졢ᱻ
أ
һ죬ûʲôʯ껣ֱӱ
ȴĿ΢һ˿˲ɨһϲ֮ϣָֻƽʲôûз֡
ʯʶԳô꣬һЩֶβ
һʯ껣㲻ʲôֹ
΢Ӧһ£Ųһ͸ͨλͥ
ȥмûʲô仯ţ½ⷽ硣
ʱ·󺣰ɡ
֮ⷽ׷׷ӿһɡ



305 ͥӿ
ȫϣǿЩ
ȻѾȥ֮꣬ⷽӵģȴࡣ
˫Уɫâ֣֮ͨգ鿴硣
áͨޱ飬ŲӰʧ

ͥ
ʮͥɵΰ׳ֻۣԻ͹âȴǱ֮ǰ
ǰͥԻ͹âƺҪ棬ѹ졣
ʱȻһΰڣâȴһ
ĺһС
λͥҪ󳼽ĿŸֲͬϷ֮µס
һȥʮꡢڽ۵ӰӢЩ͸߹Ϣ
ةˣʮĹɣ˵ȴ治֮٣ʵв֮ģة˷ַ·վǰλӰУһλģӰɫдŭ⡣
վλȻͥеҪ
¹ٸ飡

漴ʮλԱ׷վ˳Щŭӡ
ȻȻվǰλһλԱվ˳Ȼʮѣջ٣Ǽѡ
ǵĹȻɣȴҲпԭ
ͥΪ¹Ӧݣͳ£
Цͥǿͳµ¸زͥڶ࣬ٲֶΣͳ£ȿڵ˴ŭ˼ķ̵
δ̫ƫͳ֮ѹ
ԵĿ¡Ϊ˵ͥɫŭʾ
Σ˭ҷͥ뷴²ɣ˿ȥŭţžˡ
ĺһУʱЩž
һĨƺеľη
Ǳ¶֣·ħֻǱп˵վⷽ綥λ󳼣ͲòԵľη֮С
Ѿꡣ
ߣǿʶĬϢĿЩĿˡ
ֹǺة࣬һЩ󳼣ٴЩζĿˡ
ƺûп˵Ŀ⣬Ҳû˷ŭĻ±չ֮ǰͥεȻԻͣ
ֳͥʲô
ԽԽΥ٣ҵǿƽԱ£
һ˵ţһ߿Ϸϵĺة࣬ҲڿлŸͬ˼
ͬʱҲв˳֮⡣
ʱñ˵£
Ҫģͥة࣬οǣ׼ģ
Уеĵǣеڴе²ؼһ㡣
ϣʮǰѾﵽ֮ΪͥةĲһֱɫ䣬ĬĬĿš
ǿ壬ڶԱĻ̥
Ȼʵ̫壬ϰߡ
Ŀ˲żཫµ˵
ԴĿ۲ͷȴûǿӲǺã¹پ͵Ⱥة˵Ϣ
ٹپţ֪ΪΣҲûٶ˵ʲô
ܿ죬ٹɢȥƺղŵ£ûзһ㡣
߸̧£ͷβĽ
ֻʲôһ

뿪һλᴫˣֹͣ
ʲôɫƽϲŭͥʧ˶಻ʤֻһӣα̫ͷ

ǳˡ
ǡǹԱӦٶ˵
Ҳ˵ʲôղŲб飬ϸϸĦ
̵˶أ

ͥةฮ
һĬĬ˼ţ¾ƣһƬƽʵǰͿʼӿ
Ͼʱ䣬ʵǺܾˡ
õѹʮꡢͳһС鳼ͥʧ˥
ҪʿԽԽ֮ѾǳĻͥʧ
οʵֻһ˶ǿдڵͥ
ܳŵڣǷǳס
ոǴеλԱмˡΪͥģ
Ƕ£λµ޷ı³֡
Щ󳼡¸СĲ̽ţǿƷͥ
ֻϣͥԼɢֲԼǸոմо󲿷ִ󳼡¸˼
Լ
ûϣҲ˼
ΪиҰģͥĴھ谭
ݡηֻЩ˼صĸС
˭¡ģǵΰޱߵӰ¹
ηȴ̲סȥЩ¡
Ŀ뵽ǰһͥʵĹԱĪʧоη
૵£㵱Ѿ֪յ֪ҵҰ𣿡
Щ䣬ѹЩӿٶȵ뷨˼
Ҷģܶġ
Ϊû˱λ¾ж¡
ֻҪһ뵽˫۾ֲĸо



306 ع
ɣҲֻʣ˰벽֮ң޵ڵ
ɣ
ܵģѡ˼ȥмӿɢٶȡ
ͥվǻεĴڣһˡǿдڵġ
ֻҪ²֣ûܸıɢˡ
ҪȥðգҪȥѡ
ĿĵĿԶ˿˿ľη𽥱ѹȥ


һ뱱ǳңԶĵطۡ
ǰɵۣһٳųڸʮ
С
Ÿ߲һЩ¡
ţͥѾϢ׼·ŸŴһĨ֮˵
ƽɫ䣬ͷƺϡ
ǶԼͬ˿
һ̲סЦͥµƿأԽԽˣκβǡ
ҲȻģƾͥˣƿز£⼸صĹ٣ֲǵһһЦ
ҿһεĹǿټɡŸſ
Щٰҿټɣ²ġһ˵
ǲЩˣһЩü
ֻҪ³֣Щһ
˻һڳɫ΢䡣
ʦֶԡų
üвϲļɵη
΢΢üЩ⣬ѾûбҪη
ֻ֣ʦ㡣
Σἰ𡣡Ȼ
ǡʦ𣡡һ
Ҳٶ˵ֻҡҡͷ
վЩûоǰ汻һ֧ͳεʱ⣬֪ߵغҲ
ἰ֣ܵģһѹƾնҲûʲôȤȥ
ܿɢȥ

ͬʱ
¼ܶĿҲڽŴ¡
ͥյۣǸסġ
Ϣܶ˾Ͷʧ˿
Ҫȴȥˣ
ʦ˼ǡ
ǸҶſսǣһȫƽ⡢ᱻƣֻܵȣ
ȵ
ǰȵ

𰡵û뵽ͥҲнհɣٵȵȣȫ¶η㣬Ҷͥʲôݾηֶܼ೤ʱ䣿ͥһʧġ

ϧȻ
ҲҶͥͻɴڡ
ҼҰĲ֮û뵽ЩȻһֱţͥɢ
ߣֻηˣЩˣһη󣬶ˣǲ淴ֻͥڰ棬޵󱲡
ѹʮ꣬־ηģǲҲ
ǻҪȶ೤ʱ䣿ٵȥ˭֪᲻
ҶġΪοˣ
ȰɣľηҲվǵвʱĥġ

¸۷׷ףͥ´˿ǿƵͥøͥԡ
Щʧ䣬ͥǿƣҲͲҹȣ淴ǾͻҪͥ
ͬʱжǴ
ͥ
գۣ¹ȥ
һ죬֮ʱ
ͻȻһ˫ۣʱ䣬һ⡢ϤΰӰС
һᶨȵľˣǾη
ûԥݵμ£
ոշͥĵһ۲Įɡ
л£΢΢ͷ˼ЩĹˣ
һʱ䣬ӡִ󲿷ҡ

һ󣬲¸׼ǿ߼ϵǿߣºͥ¡
⣬ٽߣʱ˫ϡ
һ£ͥ¶ʱڡ
ǿ̬İϤ
ǰͥһ
˳ļ䱻𣬾޴ɻ
ʲô
뿪ս
ǡ
ֲ²ָ֣˼С
Цмǵȵȵȵȡ
º涨һ죬Ӧǰǿߣֻһҡ
Уֲȱ˼ߡ
˼ߣڼһӰ󣬶ˡ
ݡ£

һþûгֵĴϴʼˣ
ͥӽһ󳼣ǰĸһǿߣͨͨɱ
λۣʮλ׼ۣûκη֮Żںޡηȥ
ϢҲٶȣϯ档
еطˣ

򵥵ĸ֣ȴһС
֮£λۡʮλ׼۵ȥʲôˡ
һɿֻű
ֻУϴһС
ʦΪβߣ
ߡ߲ģûӵùƣҲáΪʦҲܻȥסҪűΪʦȡ

ôܣô
ߡߣ
ѾЩ泼ǻô


Уⳡɵֲֵϴ£ˡ
ǿߣûһѡ
£ڵĽ¡
ǰԷӡһЩ󳼽⣬½ͥ
ֹͥԶ̶ʱ䣬ͻָ۷塣
ֻһʱ䣬һ顣
صʶ硣
һϴҲ￪ʼˣ
ڶȫԼɨⷽء
ħǲԸޣ
룡


ɱ¾ΪǿƵĽ硣
˳
򵥵֣ӵ˼㡣
ڵ֮ͨ£ⷽ缸ûܣҲûѵ׷ɱ
һλλǿߡۡǴ콾׷
ֻСѡ˳
ⳡϴɱһֱһң֣ͣȥʮ󣬷ƽϢ
֮ǿһЩҲ˳ࡣ
ͥⷽ罨ƶȸһࡣ
绨һǧʱ䣬úùͥ˺硣

Ĵ
·Ϊǰ
ΪĻ֣ǰǸţ͢ĵطǺ󹬡
޹һҪճĵط
һǴںеĹϢԼչءճĵطԵλ󣬱㱻Ϊ޽
޽
һ˵УӰϢ֡
ϣ˲䲼ң·ʹһ㡣
˫ۣϸϸźء
ȻͬĸоȻ
ͥ磬ΪΪֻһ䡣
ںģȴԡ
صĲͬǿȣʿӳƻͲͬ
ͥʮ꣬ʱ̫̫ȻҪȥӦ
ģܵ˲ĸķ֮
Ҳʵȷﵽ׼ʥھŲΣԾ֮ĵز



307 ս
ֻûĳɵûбûо֣֮Ӷġ
Ӧһᣬת鿴
Ӵͥ磬ڶڣΪǿš
ǸСţֿڡ
ﵽʵСŶԣ󲿷ֵܶѾչ֡
СŴ󲿷ֹܣһŻͨŲ֪ʲôط硣
ڵԣҲû̫ơ
ڽͨͷʱͿʱ˳ͥعġ
ֱ磬ڿ硣
ûʱƣҲûֻܽһơ
ܸо⼸磬ǿûжİ
磬֮ԽԽ࣬Լȥ
һʱ󣬵ʼ鿴һЩ
ͥʮ꣬Ҳȥʱ䡣
ʱ䲢ڴ˵ʱȴԷܶ飬кܶҪ鿴˽⡣
аǱߵ鱨Ҫ˽⡣
ҲΪʲôûͥʱȥҪԭ֮һ
ʱ˽⣬Ŀ󲨶
ɱ⡢⡣
١ݡȸɵس
μ
һλسͬʱ΢
Ϊһѹ֣֪Ϯȫѹ֣ǰ
Щɲ
֮⣬һĸоڳˣ
񡣡
лֱٰ
᪺ĶοûжĻֱӿ˵
Ѿ鵽ڵڶǰʼӴսٶȣ˴ʱѾǼս
ЩϢִȨȨݡٵˣȻ֪ġ
˻һǵɫ̺
ˣԵĳأǲ˿ĸо
ƿ¼ȬѾȬ᪺ıս꣬ҡȻһĨ⡣
ҲΪˣ֮ġ½֪ȵõϢһ顢Ѿеǰ
ƹԬλԪ˧ʱִ߽硣
ʮλиݿڳ
治ɫţЩʵղѾ˽ˡ
̰˴Ԫ˧׼ʥĲμϵǿߡ
ģֻ١³λ챾ǰȥ߽᪡
λ챾ǰȥϡ߽פķ
ΪҪչԽȨǣ˵ʽ£Щ
ǾøӦԣƽĿһɨˣ·֪һ㣬Ųæ
ٰ˳Ĭһ£۵˼
⣬Ͳ֪˶ٱ飬ȻûжԲߡ
˵ݶڿĶ
һĶȻᶯҲ˼
ķ棬ΪҲᣬɸеֵ
Ϸ棬ϲȻȱģҲӦòӦ
ҴֻλԪ˧ֵɡ
ĬĬţĬϡ
ٵ˵˼ֻҪϲλ뼧֣ôûд󰭡
һЩС˳̡
δԶϲλԸǾվӵġ
һλԪ˧ѹӦЩСĽͷǣһ¶ϲ
ڶĺϷ壬ᣬҲûݺһԼӦԡ
ټԬͨջ뼧ãʵС
ټһЩܴڵһңԱҲӦԣټϹԻġ
ҪҴԮ
˵ţͣһ£
ҪǸԮǰȥһλԪ˧ɻ
ģǶҳš
̼ǿҳţȴǵ˲֮ʱֻ֮
ûǸȨ
ûͣǲ˵
ǡӦһѹ˼󲿷ֿܶΪ
͹ھ֮ףϼˣԼһЩҴ̱ȫԸ
ҶϡƣһʼӦò⣬ƶ仯
ҪһЩس裬Էһ
Ϊ᪼һս
ЩҴ̵أÿɷ񣬵ʵ
ټЩüδ⡢̫ȻЩ



308 
˵򶨣ǻοˡ
ڣȴδЩ̫ˡ
һЩＫطˡ
΢΢һȻķУԤϵģǶϡ±ƽҴ̿һս
Ŀ΢ƺǵ˼Щü
Ǽ˰󲿷ֶ沨ߣһʱߣǿʼֻ
ҴսֻǷ
ڶʱĹȥЩҴ̵Ͳܶǹ˼ɽȥ
˵ٺͼλжŭ⡣
֪Щңŷʳ̵˼ȴܶԸԷҪȫǲϷѡ
綫ϲȵȡ
û취ʵ
̲ܽвҵȫʰǷѣһˣ̿¾Ҫˡ
ֻסȫ᪡
üҲڴˣûв߶һʰ
ʵ뷨
Ҳй̫Դʵδ
ˣǣͥƶȵȵ̫ط
вߣ飬ҲĴ̶
˼ȨתٵҲûж˵ʲôĬĵŵϡ
Ϣ󣬵ſڵԴ˲԰ɡ
ǣӢٵһӦҲ֡
ϾУģ£Ȼѡ˵õĲԡ
϶Ҳǣ棬»ɳҳǰȥԮ᪷棬οٿĿ⿴۰ˣȻ
ɫʱȻ˼֣ٿڵˡʴʵѴεȵز
ɫԵûаֶġ
ԸΣпܵģӵаˡ֮
ҲؿǼûԥƽ˵
ʱٰɫݣĿ¶Ŀ
̶һ仰¶Ķȴ̫̫ࡣ
ʸ࣬Ŀףȴǽʵġѹȥ
ѹвָȬʵпܸһҵ򲻿ɴ⡣
ڶ̶ʱڱȬȻ֧֡
ڳɫأЩǶ֪
һ᪣㼧ʵô
ɼϸ᪵ԼǱ;ԲСˡ
ʱŴµϸڣµӦԷ
ٰ뿪ʱ˫ϲǡ
ϲǴɲ⣬˲١
ǲ֪жǿִµղŶ꣬ΨζԸû˵ǵķÿɷ
һЩǡ
˵ʱ͸¶ǡ

˧֪˼ǡ߳³΢΢ü١
ɫ䣬ɵȻϣصһɲ⣬˼ҵܴĦġ
ҲиǿֶζԸɣ
³ЩʣΪԪ˧ϰƿȫ֣㼴սСյĶȻЩʡ
Ҳġ
˼תûٶʣһתиһĨǡ֮λ
Ŀ΢漴ͱΪƽΪ֪֮Ĺֻĵİˡ
ǳ³˧ⲻҵȸÿǵ飬оϡ
³٣΢΢ͷٶԣֻ˼ϡ


ٰȥʼ鿴鱨
һսô׾ܽеģ漰棬ãⳡս׼˽ǧ꣬׼á
ֻʣ¸ָ߲δľߡ
һᣬȥݱ֮ղŸء
Ըк棬ƽةк£
ݿŵɫᶨҴһս´Էһ
̹̹ȴжʱóµѹ·ӿˣÿһ˿ռŰ
ĿЩĿݣλٹ֮ף֧ĵһˡ
Լ˼ϢĮڵ
ǳһ˵˼ݲŲ޾ɫֱ˫ԨޱϵĿ⡣
˫ͫײײһ˿˼֣¡
Ҵ̽ɽʮ꣬롪
˵¡Ȼ߰ЩĮǿдݵĻ
ͷһ壬˫Į˫ۣҲܵġ˵ˡ
̾˿һ
˵꣬˳
˫ǲȥǿֲϢȴǻ
û뵽д¡

㡫
һĨɱתۼţȴǶݡ
оԵӦԴսδ֮¡
ݵ£Ҳ
Ͼ̰ʮ괫Уƶƣ˵ȴս£һʧƽɽ档
ҪǣΣݲûϵΪ֧λᵽͷϡ
˶ֵ˼ܼ򵥣¾һˡ
ĬϢƽڵ˭
ǡһӦ
ԥһ£ѹ²һ˵
ڴ֮£ûзϡ
ʵºܺýݵչһʵͻˡ
ȥ
ԭܼ򵥣ǾԷǳǵ¸صϳ
ȥǽ͡
ڵڳϡ
ǡ

һߡ
˳ޱ飬·ղʲô鶼ûз
һᣬһӭȻֳ֪ͬ񣿡
ɫ䣬ֻǴվᣬûͬ⡣
üҲʼ漰Ҵ̴УɲɴԺ
ݵͷȴ֣صһȰȰԲȺһͬ
ɴһᶨȻѾܾ²ͬ⡣Щǵ
λʱ̫̣ʱΣγɰٹٱ֮ơüͷ𣬿ǰ֮ˣԥļᶨ
ףֳֻˡ˵ͷϿҵ
ҡͷûж˵ʲô˸Զȥ
ֱԷӰĿ⿴Ǹü
ȸɡҲǸλ


õ٣Լһʱ䣬ҳŶʮһȫ롣
һ˵ŵĳǸ
ģĵȵȡ
ֻֻеģſɰг̡
Լ𣬳ŶʮһλϣͶû뿪ˣʱӵ
ԲſԵô롢ô졣
Ŷʮһλϣĵ̡
ʮ꣬д˵
ÿһڵеĲμϵ
ϡϡϡĳˣǴﵽ׼ʥΡ



309 
ݵ£ϡ
ʮһλϣǾ󲿷ڵܱһλĶӡֵܡ
ٲ֧ϾԴҪϲ١
в𣬵ͬģǶԴΪĵһˡ
ҵ֧ڣʵ̫ˡ
Ϊĵաֻеǣʱ䷢չֻ֧֮Ҫġ
ҸӵܣֻҪܴﵽһʵҲǵ׼ʥĲΣپ죬ܳΪеһԱ
̫ѡ
Ҫڶ࣬ټӵλݵȵƣҲ۲ʮһˡ
ʮһУʵΪ׼
˭ǿ˭ǰ棬ʵΪ𣬵ȻֻǴµģ˴֮䲢ûƴ
ʮһλ׼ʥĲεεǿߣǿҲײᶯá
ҹȨѹķҪ֮һ
һ̶˵һҪ١
μʮһ
ӣʾƽսλΪΣ
ڳɫ˼֣׷һӴ
áӦֱϣϡ˳ϸЭס棬С¡
ǡ
ʮһʮϣǰ϶ơ
ǡ
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ǡ

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310 Ԫ֮
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ˣӵдƴڲʵûпʵ֮ǰҲܴ󶯸ɸꡣ
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˼ά֪ȫվڵһߣԱݱȸǸӺΪıߡ
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һЩ´̴֮ء
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޽ɡ׼ʥ֮Ԫ
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ھѹգʱһȥڶʹ̶ԽԽҲԽԽء
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311 ݳջ
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ոɢȥĲؿͻص֮СѾһдֲʵӰš
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ȻʲôסТ㡣ؿ˵Ц̬Ⱥ׽ΪԷߵĵһҡ
ТĿԴżĨЦүȬ䣬µλʮ꣬꣬ϵλ֮ʱʡĸۣ˾ѵĽڡ
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312 
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313 ˫˼
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314 ᪷ˣ
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յϸ㱨ƽ޲ɫ˿䣬㱨·ļλسûж˵ʲô
һλسͶˣɫҲ䣬ֻ˫У˿˿ŭ⡣
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ˣٴʵ
ҳأʵֻǶ²㣬ǿܡ
ʱûв鵽̫΢ͷ
Щ˽ǿߣֻһʱ鲻ҲȴΪ˾䣬˵Ҳʵ
ҳµ͵ϣǵ䣬Ȼǳѡ
οʱ仹ô̡
̫¶һĨжƺ¶˾ģҪǵٴ̽֡
ǼʲôɫЩ
Ǽںүܺ󣬾ͼһֱûдģʱҲ׼ĿӦûҪûһΡ̫æ˵Щغ͵⡣
ģһֱǾĵˣǰĵˣߵǼˡ
ǼĴ̾һ䣬ЩΡ
үˣȽڼ᪴ҵҵ֮ذ̵̫
漴Ҳ׷׿Ȱ
·λ󳼽سе
Ǽ׼û٣ȴֻܿţֹԼҺүﵱȻ
ܵȡᡣ
޹ؽҪ
᪴ҵΪأֻҪɹǾ֮ҡ
ĬϢ֣ʾⷭ£ɫָ֮սǰλ򲻿ɴ⡣
ǡλسӦӦ
šͷ

գۡ
ԽصУһʱֹȥˡ
ʱ֮ϣǿߣоǾսļ
ʮꡢһա
һ죬һʯ쾪᪳𣬷˷ɢȥ
޵ĸءۣ޵֮ܵλ
񡢱ϳ¾ģַ޵
֮ϣλ߲Աϡ᪳ǡ
ʱƺضѹļڴ
ͬʱ
УǡһһյĳᣬȻ֮䣬йԱɫһ䡣
ΪǸо֮ϵˣ
᪷ˣ



315 
ûκζ˼ĸ羪κһ㣬ڼ
֪ʱ̳ᵽ浽˴ʱݣҲƽ
һ𶯣е
ҪУ
һ˫˫Ŀ׷Ϸȥ
һ̣ǲģƽЩ
ΪϷǵӰ̫ƽƽЩ
ֻ֮£޵һ˫Ŀ⣬ĴۡԵĲֱӣ
ôһ󣬱ܵģƽࡣ
һ䣬Щڴɻŭȸˣ
Ӱ˿˫˻·ڳɨκ쳣ϵ֮С
ˣҴ̵ĺóӡ
ϢŭйԱвһæһ
ɫĮ˫䵭˵жҳӣ
ƽ̬ȣƺһ²ؼԹߣô·ϡ
ڳйԱȴǱܵһ䣬о˿˿˵⡣
ٹû˵ǲ֪˵Щ˵ϷԽֲˡ
Ȼɫһ䡣
Ϊʱ̰˰֮⣬ٶʮλ֮ϵˡ
ʮλϱʮλʮһλһʮλ

䣬һŭڤڤ𣬼ѹ·Ǿһ㡣
󲿷ֹԱǱɫ΢ףи𺳺Ͳ²⡣
ˣ˵˷ŭˣ
Ϊ
ݲǶ룬һԵ𣬴ϱѹȡ
һٶλµСˡ
ϢŭѷӦ̵ƽѡɫ࣬΢΢
ÿɷ񣬡ΪԪ˧᪣һ·ն
ǡһԣ֣Ӧ
ƽѱЭ
١ֵͨ϶
ǡ
´󣬵ûٶ˵ʲô˳³뿪Щɻ󽹼İٹ١
췴εȴ飿
ѵ
˴Ʒϵ߹٣ȫȻڵİ˴Ԫ˧ԼֻλڵƷ
Ƕ˻ةǣˣ

оһСķˣھ֮ϣһɼķ籩ԷɿٶȵŰ
᪳Ƿ޵ַĺ󣬶ٶʮ·ͬġ
޵

˸羪κˣһɴƣֱָʮĴ̡
ǹɴƣô̹ˣҲˣܵˡ
ֻһ룬㼸ȷˣ
򸮡
㿴˫˼ǧʱâ
ڿʼˣ


ȫ䱸
ǡ

ϲ
Ŵ֮⣬Ĭ
ΣƽȥϷ˭ôȲ
ǡ


ߴȻһɸϢǿᡣ
ϵݾأһλߵѷջԬͨˣҲҪˡ
ǾɱˡߺԼɱ⣬ΪǷĴҶϡ
ͼλˣԴл
Ӧ֮£̫ˡϿ

ݺ
ûдֱָĵջҲڽһҪĶԱ
ȫңǣһºʮһ·ڱػۡջվ·λȫң֣ص
ǣȫӦ
ʮһ·ʮһλǼݺջǿ
ʮһ·Ψհ


ΪⱱضУڱıԬͨڰ˰УҲǰĴڡ
λݱ塢
˴ȴٹĹֶᣬҪԭǱǿ
һƴɱ
ԬͨĿ࣬ģͶ䣬һɺ⡣
·ǱسԼ
λǾͲԥһºʮһ·ء
ɱһ̡Ԭͨŵ˵
ǡڳ񣬽ԴһΡڴ


˵Ƿ᪳Ǿѷڡ
ûзߣҷԡ
һ´˷ȥ
ԹսȻ˵ʹһһϦ֮¡
һ׼ãҲҪʱ䡣
Ȼʱ̡ܶ
ģǻ֮



316 
ȵ۵᪡ҲǼУʱʽ̳֮ʱ
Щꡢ£·ߵȵȣĵĽ죬λĴ󲿷ͻж᪸ȥ
Ҳڹ̶ط᪴ۡ
ȫ´Ѿʱ֣᪳Ϊģ׼õ᪣ޱ
Ƽۡ
һսľ
᪻ڵȴ֮ʱԥӺݱ߾֮ء
޴УһͷľӪѪǿϢǬ
̵̣ȷɲ⣬Զܱȡ
˵סڶش󷨣᪾
󷨵Ѳ˵ҪڶصĻ۵˷֡
˴⣬ϵһ
׼˵˴һ뾫Ҫ֣Ͽֱ嶷ţˡ
Ӫʡ
ٸ˧λ·ڽƼǿ߻ۡ
̰˧еķƹ³ۡԬ磬еıȸɡӡź
ԼλƷʮλƷԱ
ÿһλ׼ʥʵ̵ĸ߹ϲ㡣
ʮλ޽ɼĽ
һҺɫףϸ֮ȵѹס·ڶǿ߸߹١
λټǰҲ֪ΪʲôˣѷλΪΣٿȻ˵
Ϊ̸߹٣̵Ȼܸܵٶλѡ
̱֮࣬ټ顣
˾ɫ֣أȸ⿴ˣһڵ˧մѣǱ̹᪣;зһɽ𡣡
볯Զﲢ㣬ỨѼ졣
ȸݸѾӦԷʽ
ʱ᪷ѣǾ̹᪣;һߴһߵȺʽ
һͷˣȻλû˧ˡ
˳ĬϢһȭ˧
áɫؼ֣˧ʱ󣬴Ρ
ǡ

ʱ
䣡
󷨴󿪣Ѫƣֱ
ϣһ㷺ŵѪƣѹ֡ǿϢƺƵǵء
ԾΪڴѹȥ
ƣҲ̾ˡ
У̧ۿ£ƣڴ̾ڣȻˣŶ
һĨ֮ɫûᣬǿʼǰ֮
ƺһ㶼ھȴʲô

᪳ǡ
ո´ļһĿ⿴򶫷
üһСɾµİͼ֣Ǭݱ䡣
оһּĵڶ
ϸϸݣһᡢʹˡ
Ŀֲ¹
΢һüЩԤϣȻɾ
һ;
ţһܹ̾ס˶Ĵո̷ǰǴ̵ǿ󡢵̡
ҲЩֲ
£ǰЩɾҪˣֲܲܣ򶨻ġ
˼Ƭ̣ټڳǰ顣
ûжãһ᪳ǷЩȥ
Ǳܿ̾ǰϡ
ͬʱ᪴Ҳʼᣬڶһ磬Թ˧򶫶ȥַ
ȻҪǰӭս̾
Щֻ·ϻǡ

ڤڤУʮ֪ΰĿ⣬˾ݴء
졢ƺΰޱߡ
л̾ϢȤĮ޶ԡ
ġ˵˺ܶһսڿʼˣ
̾λǧУٵı
޴ķָ̨ϣڽ飬νЩ
Ҫηֱֲ̫Զٶȼϡ
ʱ䣬ϡ
ҹ³ۡƹԬˣаλƷԴ챾뿪ٵоֱѵȥ
˧֮Уٱǧλǧ
λƷһǧ
ǴǴҪطܱģҲظء
һҲû٣һֱӵʮһλλλ˧
һǧȥǧֱ᪶߳ȥٶҲûмӿ죬⻹Щ
оָ̨ϣۿʮ֧һһȥվ̲ס𵭵ĵ֮⡣
ΣǺҹգֳһĮϵס
㾿˶٣
Ϣɨ£ɻǶΪ
棬λὫ쿴٣һλɫȣд֮硣
һλĿ࣬ɫŵĽɫһΪصı
ǻƷɻĳǶ
û׼ʥǣûбٷȥһıְƷ
˶һۣƷɻȳ˵˧ǿһ֪ǵжػǰʾǰǾս
ǰս̾·᪣һ·ѵżֱǰȥ᪶Ը
ü֮һ򾡡
˧ʵͬ˷̫ðˣ
ƷɻĳǶֶһۣʲôû˵֪˵˵
ȴ£ڵ۵ġ
Ҳû˵ʲô뷨Ǹı䲻ˣֻȴҲ̫Ľˡ



317 ٵָ
ŵζûƷɻĳǶ΢
⻰
һ̣ƷɻɫģɨĳǶͼһȵӣš
ĳǶüͷ£Ŀ⿴ٱӰ
ѵ˧Ա
ˣ˵ЩʲôȻЦЦֵ
˶٣תĿĿŻƷɻɻ˼ȣȴҲ࣬ƼᶨʵȻҪΪ֮
Ʒɻһ˫۵ɴ˿١
漴ֵͷЩܵıܿ˫Ŀ⡣
𺳣˧Ϊʲô˵ң
ĳǶҲ̲ס¶ɫ˿٣ֿƷɻ˼
ǶתĿ⣬ǰ·͸һУԸ񽾰Ӳȴ׹ۣڴ£˧ൣ㡣
ֻҪ÷Լ
ʱʱ̱̿ԼеΣһ죬ὫԼѹġ
ĳǶЩж˲öƷɻصͷ
ǽģǰλĶʦ˵ڶˡ
ţǶȥɣսڼаɡָ̨
ǣĩˡƷɻӦھӪһжԾй˿ἰϵ
˳ָ̨ĿЩο
һн̹˲٣ߡΪɫģǻƷɻĳǶˡ
ȻǸȱ㣬˭ûȱ㣿
ܵĶԣѾΪ⡣
Ҳһν̵ˡ
´£Ľ̵ġ˵ģѾɣʣµֻпԼ
˼һתƵľ棬Щġ
㾿˶٣

ٵоѹʮ֧ȴǷǰУЩѵ
ܺãõܶ˵ĳ羴ŷɵΪھǰ
ƴǣϱãУ󲿷ֶȻȻĸ췴
ʣûЩҲΪŸָԭһʱûС
ɴ˱ԼüơӰ
Ҳһôʮ֧ÿ̫࣬·о̫Զȡ
ֱоΪģֱʮλɱȥöôѡ
ȸϵԼĿĵصģλƷ
ҲΪǾоռƻΪĻھԿɳ֮ʮ֧ĿꡢǾⰲŵġ
˧Ĵ࣬оԶλĴм䣬оЩ
ԥݵء
ҵһʮλ֮һ
һ֧غ󣬱ˣϾǿƣ̫ۣ֮ʾ
ڵȺ򼧲ǰ𶯣̴䱸俴Ŷ
ûжãҹ֮Уǧ·һƬյƣƺƵǣѪս⡢ɱ
ȥʮ꣬Ǵǰִ죬ʱ
ôô죡
ֹ£ˡ
Ͼǵĺүڰովַķ졣
ʱ̾β£
˼ң־ܡһڴǰը죬ǿľƣǡ
Ǻˣɫ΢ףǿѹη壬ȵ
˴ܱſǰҳӡǰһڼ׳ֵӰһƥɳĶޣɫ΢ڡ͸Ÿ㣬ݡ
ſ˫ȭգô췴Щˣſ֪ϾǴΪƷ֮һ
ɲǶ֣˼תҧڵŽܼ̣
˲ЩеĻ˿
ſ¶һĨмЦ⣬ȵδã֪ҡʵ񼫣ּۻ۲ɣ
ɫѿҧŽڱƱ
ҳӣ޲ýǧУҶԡſһָɱڡ
Ŀһݣƺ׿һС޵½֪Σ
󵨣ſʱŭ
үΪھ棬ϳ⡢¾ģƷ޵ҲٲЦ
ſ׺ݵг磬Ҫ֡
ڴʱϺ֣һâֱȥҪߡ
ſţġ
оǲʡߺޣĻǹϡ
֪һӣػᶪʧ˶ʹӵҲΪûأûж
ֻҪţء˶еġ
ſ΢ȣû뵽Է˹ϵߣսս
ЩмЦˣʱһεǿˣſ
һ¡
䣡
սս

춯صĺһ貵ĵâǧɣ·£ƬأǱɱ⡣
лһѪսִȣġ
Բ֮ڣ鶼⵶âѹǶıܾη
ƺֻգۼ䣬ǵâգնĺâ
䣡

Уһҽ𣬺ⱻն飬ӰѪݺˤ
ſȻһЦֻӶץߣмӵ𣿡
Ҳʣһ֮£˵ûκη֮Ѵȣǲġ
죬ԭΪ档
û뵽ֱӾҪˡ
ߣҳӣ͵òúſ߷ߵ
˵ָ꣬УѾ۵һλ޽ɣ־ܣ
ҵԸûԥӵλ޽ֱͶ
ϾӲοǡ
οڸոգǡ
ſҲ⣬½ǣץȡ塣
ıȻһͿԵģȫҪƬҲᱻջأ͸ʹΪµĹء



318 Ĵ
̰ʮ꣬˰ûô䣬һǵһǵĺˡ
ҪôǴŭҪô˴ɱΪԭȻµȡ
һʱ򡢲¡
ǣݵĻ֮󣬾ھԵ£ȫƽ
Ͼʵڰ˰У²㡣
޽ɸ߶˵ʵֻλ޽ɣٽɡ
ʵſ֮£ûκεķ֮
ٴ֮£ʮأһߴŸ٣һһĿȥ
ʱǰ󲻾ãʮһ֧Ҳ׷׵Ŀĵأս֮
˰Ȼǿߣ׼ʥǿҲȱʮλҲ׼ʥģֹһλλ
ʮһ֧Ƚ̶£ɱ谭һһ
õһλҲԪˡƴһвߡ
ھǰѹһλѵضȥ

󣬳ǡ
յٵĻ㱨ƺʮѾ£ߣߴ뱻ܣʣµĵնɱ
ЩѾѺȥǣѯʵЩδã
Ͼһֱѹǳ֮ơ
˼Ƭ̣ټݵڳƷϹԱǰ顣
ʮԱ˽ٵĻ㱨׷¶ϲɫǸϢ
漴һЩԱĿ¶˼̰֮⡣
ʮλذ
ǿʮλ
ֹˣԺ󡭡
ţжܵĻ档
ΪδãĿⲻɫĿڳȻ
ٴ󳼵ĶˣҲʱսոտʼܶ²ö˵
ɨˣտϷһֱɲӰ˼΢΢һȵսЩصĴãսдá
Ϊأ£ڳ
ڳĬһ£÷ȱʾֻͬѹ»ȣ׷ױʾͬ
ǾˣӣЩء
ǡһ֣͹Ӧ
·ڳ˼죬ԭԼľ޴ѹɢ˴룬Ұġ
ڳȥ˫ͫ˿ޱȡ


һǧոճأٶȲ죬˼ǵȴǰۡ
ʱ䣬ҲȺʮλʵǡ
졣
ɫЩ·ʮλλбʣҵΪ£̶̼죬Ѿɱʮһλ顣
·ʮλɫػŭ׷ױʾ˶Եĵ⡣
ҲּǲǰˣɫЩ˵
ү𡣡ұλһɫ֣أ߷ߵ˵бʣҵַʵүؽ黳
ǰүؽ黳
ү̫ʺˣ

Ҳ׷׿ڣһƬȰ˵ؽ黳ĳ
̾˿𣬾ǼᶨǵȥΪָ
λ˴λˡ
үʮλ
΢΢ͷϾǸж֮⡣
ܿ죬һǧƺΰ˼֣ٶȲ䣬ƺƵѹȥ
ڶҲ˷ٻС
ǸԣٵоΪģʮ֧ٶʱʱԾܱսʹʿƣٶȣЩѵ
Ѿ򼧲ȥҲҪǵء
ÿʱỵ֧̈ڿţ·ɾ˳˵Ŀ⣬˴ѹ

գʮա
ܱĴ֮һǼ壬ȵõ׼ȷϢ
ѷݴս
ݺţм䣬Ǻ嫵ƶϣŴСС塣
һͬĳƺǼ
ĴʵǸӽΪ塣
Ҳиص㣬Ͼӽʵʲô֮󣬲ͬϵõĶǡ
塣
ΧĴ壬ͥ䣬һΪġӽ塣
л塣
ǼΪϣǰħĺ
ħսʤһħ壬˴
ֻһħϣĺỹţݱǼ塣
ǼУħѪΪ
ħɱ̰ħʴõϢǼݡ
ɱɱɱ
ħѪĺХţħ죬ݡӺݽ
ա
߶ġϱ߾硢߹
Ⱥõ׼ȷϢʱһƬȸԾ֮
ǵô꣬ڵȵˣ



319 ɱ¾
ġ
ߵʮУĴǾŵǿᡢ޴ӰΪΡΪΡΪ̬
һŽɫϣֻһӿá
ԼˣһҪϰ֮𡣡һʨͷ֮ߵӰЦɱ⡣
ٲɱϰˣ֮ѪһЩӰͳ
ɱɣɱ췭ظ
硢ɣ

һӰ׷׿ڣֻʣ룬ϰŵĽɫӰʮ֮־ա
ƽĿƺ貵ľЩڴڵǣɱ
ɱȡ
գ׼õʮڶӿȣݡݹȥ

Ϸھսʿţݡݡ
ѪսƣҪݻǰһĶ
ڹգ·һͷĺƣƮݡݡ
һʱ䣬ݰݱ߾һ꽫ľ
߾ǣҲ綼Ѿ׼
һ򶫡ϡĺԼԮһ߾ܵˣһЩõϢˣˡ
ЩͨգǲŲں
ȱֻҪǱסȥöþָܻ
߾ľ󣬼˵ԤУģûں
ںģȴûȥı䡣
ԣǲ̡Ѫȵɱ¾һٿ߾

ݡУʱ󲿷һطۡ
һԼݺջԬͨΪףһԱΪס
һ߲ϵĻһڸ·ΪǾս׼
̰˧֮һ챾һλƷǧԴȴʮλ
ٲû𶫱ʮλûǸš
һǵֵ˼Ϊȡ
ҵʮλöԸѶԸģǶࡢݡ
һУһСģǧԵĸɸɾҲΪ档
ֻӭʮλĵ
Ϸ
̰˧֮һĽͨͬǧԴû
ԭһ
棬Э𱱵ķʵûȥ
ΪԷһֱֹӿƵԥݡ
ʱһȥУԽԽԣĴսҲԽԽ
ͬʱУյϢҲԽԽ࣬׷ͶĿ⡣
ֻĿϷ̲סЩ̾Ϣ˼תıʲôȵȡ

գۣ͵¶ʮա
ķ壬ȹ˾֮ء
ɱ¾Ӷһ쿪ʼˣ
ķ޺Ĵ޵Ľз촦زСϡ٣ƶ񤡣
ȱٴĸԴĴ壬־Ķ
˴Σǧѷĺʱ׼ܳʱĴ壬Լ׼ƻ
һ֧֧ɢţɱ¾š
̶һʱ䣬ݱ߾֮أûУ˷ܵļˣ
һûʲôĳǳУǧ壬ӭһǧĵ
ʱ죬ǳȫ֣Ҳסһžŵס
ǹ
ôܣôﵽ
үأ
ȥүԮ



һҵ˴ǳءЩˡ
֮ԵģϿԽӿƺܸ˵
¸¸£ǣǵĺүˣбǵѾˣԹԳΪǵĿɣ
һ˷ܵ䡢ˣʿЦ
ǳУ˶ݵĿ־ڶķŭ׷
СС壬ҲҲ񣡡
ү
Բѣ

һ𣬺η壬ǳҲܿ
ĵһšǲη¶Էǿ
ߣ࣬ȥǵȥˡǵЩŭˣһٲ
´һǧûжñƻǴǣ
ɱʼˣ
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գۣʱȥ¶ʮա
ߣ١ͨԳֻûдʱ
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ջԬͨʮ·ʮ·
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УԬͨջڿ£ûкһ˼ֻǹͬų
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֮һʿ磬΢һЦͲˡ



320 ջԡƤ
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һǶ˵Ԭͨϵˣջӽܡ
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Դڼݣ̶ʱ䣬˫֮£ϵһձһ׽
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ⲻ˵ˡη山𣿡ջŹТһһ
ТɫһЩü˵Ҳȷܣʱ仹̣Ҳǻûأ
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Ԭͨݿ߾ֲ֪ٴΡ
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ҪԬͨԼɵģô͸ˣΪ˵Ԭͨеĸǿ
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ˣȲ˵Щϼ޻Ŵ壬ζҪһٸջһת
Т˵ͷȻǴŲŲҵ΢ЦҲΪζ

һߣڴ֮С
Ȼ䡢âء
ߡ󣬶ԼǿߡиǿߣȫԴ
Ȼƺһʱ򣬳ˣЩϣԾǺ㣬λԬͨңջĲ죬ʱ֣ҵȲ˷Ѷʱˡ
뾡ܶ˴λˡ
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ˡ
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һ̣Ԭͨջ֮Уս
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˵ľ񡢶¡
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ڴһƬɱϢԽŨ
ջԬͨԼͬģڶǿߣ˴ǰĿ䣬ǶĶ֡
˫Ŀ磬ײ
֪ģƺΪʲôõ
Ԭͨҳӣ˼ңᱱ߹壬壬նҪҷɢһ̣ȣһӾͽԬͨ˵˳
ЦԬͨæЦȵս֪ٴΣôܹ壿ƥݵﱾ
˵ҿԣ˵壬ȴǾԲᡢҲҽܳϵġ
ڲ˼ң޵½֪ƥΪվͽʬΡԬͨ漴̷
㹴壬öá¾֪
ҳӣ޾޸ĹΣʵ
ԬͨȵɫСɱ⡣
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ڱΪվڡջɫĮȻڳ⣬ᣬԹ˵š
ԬͨˡгˣջԼˣ˸ָĿ⡣
мЦȵȡ
ǺһջϷ۽ˡߣЩŭЦԴм;Ŀջ
ʵΪѣȴϡ
˶֪飬ǲϡ
ڶ˵棬ӡ
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ǺˣջϣĿЩ
ҳӣ֪ϷݡЦ
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öǸӾˣϳϣϼ޻
գⶾȻջȵ


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ңԶվǰ뿪ĹТһۡ
ʱûڲؿǰĲݣҲûջǰ꿡ӵеǫ顢š
ɫƽ˫۷·ûǳҹգûб߼ʣĿңԶƺҪذĴս
˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
ͬʱкܶĹսߣڳĬ
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ʦ㣬ʦֶνҽؽ̵һˣΪʦҼֱ
ʦ̫ˡ



323 ս
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ʦ㣬ʦֶﵽزʵܿɹ̳ѵΣ֮ʣʱܡβʦ𣬵˱Ҫʱ̣סʦֶ


ʦ֣˵ʦ᲻ǵ̸
ʦݵúʦʥˣ͵ҵȵ

ʮУְеĴ۲ڶȻΪƽȴ֡
ϷһлӰǲʱһ˿Ц⡣

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ۡĿ⵭ǰƯľӡ
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ֹЩĿ⣬嫵ĺ֮У֮ˣõϢ󣬷׷ǲǰۿӰһս
ܶǿߣԼǰңԶУš
Ĵƽ꣬׼ʥ֮ϵĴڣѾܶ궼ûٶ֣ϡ˹ΪģûС
Ǽ׼ʥ֮ϵĴڳ֣ͳԣˡ
һʱǳɱӡ
Ҫʱ̫̣Ϣûд̫ǿЩ;󲿷ǿߣǰ
Ȼʱ˾ݣ˭ʵʵϢ˿
˵̺ͼǵãؾݡѹ֮ͷľŶʵʵ

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ǰ˫ָ̨ʼǰƣһӰʱĳںܶС

ԼͬеĿ⣬
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Ҳû˵ӮԲģô˵е
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Ҫǣ̳УʮλΰС
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̾ǿ֧ҲҪ뽭ɽˣԲ֮
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326 㲻Ҫ
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ģüͷеԤԽԽǿ
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Ī궯ᷳеǿ֣Ҫȫ
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ã㿴ŭȣϺƵϢһֱûɢİͼâȻʢ



328 Ҫɱ
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ΪʱǸӵ㣬ҵ֮ղŹâʢƺƸ˼֣ѹȥ
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ڣסȫסĲӣһɱ
ʱ۵ĹˣȴֱǼʱ˻ȥ
һ̣֮ԳΣĿдЩΡЦĿŵ



329 ̸
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ʵ֮һеλ
λȴΣϾԵĲǵˣһ֣ǶԵǶ˵Ӱ춼̫á
ͬʱսΧңԶļط
󲿷ѾĿɿڴЩӦơ
ոһϵ˵ʵһжڵʯ֮䣬ܶ˸ûп
ǿֲƳ֣Ѿ˴ʱ龰
һͥУ
һӰһۣһĨɵ
ι
ȻһжǵΪҪɱ۵ĳ֡һӰ̲ס̾
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˵ͷ˴ʱǵǻۣȻܿܶܶࡣ
ۡľ棬λɲԤ⡢˵һƶƿ֮С
ˣˣҲˣ
ʵǿˣ

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ݲϵҢһ֣ȥЩɿƣȴɢΪֲµγһ㵭ĹĤⷽԲﾡ֡
ͬʱĤ֮⣬֣Ĥ
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330 Ľ
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졢֮ģҲɱ
ĹЩͨı䡣
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Ѿʼ

ʵĿĵʲô
졢ʴۡ
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˵꣬תҪߡ
ʱη˵ͻȻ
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Ҫɱ˼



331 ľ
оɲǿһλ澳
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Ŀȥֻһ׷ӵľ
̾׷ӡ
ûᣬϵɨӣߡɱ⡣
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ָٴ˼䣬һЩ
˫УȻⷺ磬档
Ǿݵı߾ҲڱŰĵط
ѹ嫶𣬷·ѹֵµķŭǱܶ࣬ʣ´İ֮Ȼڡ
Х
һ̣ʵȻﵽһ۷壬ҲǴʱǿ
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ĵ춯أ·ˣԶѹȥ
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µǣѾϰǰɫûκεļ
սϣкܶط˾ȣҪʲô
Ҫĳ֣ιУһ˾ȵ
Ȼǡһû˵꣬оһִżɵ塢ĸӡ
Χܶˣȴ˵˼
ȻǾۣΪüУ֣һֱȵڷų֡
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ͬʱһЩ˲üͷǿ˵Ŀġ
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УӴĽɫ֮Уڡȵˡ

ǼݡӺݱ߾Űǿȣɱ¾졣
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Ҳȫ
ʮɵķ߾ʼɨġ


ˣ
ˣ

һצһ˦βǧĴ׷ױը
׼ʥͨʿûһ⡣
С֮Ѿﵽ˾ǧŰپʮɣ׶εĴԲ֮
ÿһӵг׼ʥڰ˲ε
׼ȷ˵ÿһ޵׼ʥ֮
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֮ǿУڶξֲ
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ڷеǼ˻һѾ󣬹˲ҧת

ը죬ɱ⣬ɽצȻץƺҪһ㡣
䣡

桢ң

УһҽиոʧǼڵˣȫ

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漴ǵӰɵ֮Ũ

ҲãˡҲӵĺ
ٿֶΡ
˫һطһĨһֶΪƽ
ȥһЩĵط
ǡ



332 
鹬УһӵתʮϢǵɢŰ׹⡢Ӱˡ
ȶɽаɡ
ǣӸˡ·ʮĵӰӦ
ܿ죬͸ȥ
嫺ޱߵĴ֮УǿӰ˫һĨĵĲ֮

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ϷǿӣЦЦĿԶϢ󡢾ͿԼʮλӣУϺ׺ͽУǿߵĲ𣿡
·ʮλĬȻٵĸȫ˴롣
ˣȥԼɡӻ˻֡
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˫۱ֻм˼֮⡢ʧ١

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ͬʱ־ͽҲʼ˷ɢȥ
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ԬͨɫӲ԰ף˾
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ʮ侲ϸϸ˼»кܶϢ֪Ҳ²˺ܶ࣬ʱŭ֮£Ҳò²졣


333 Ŀġĥ
Ĭ˼Ȼղ˵Ĳ²ⶼȷġ
Ŀľʲô˫ŵ
ÿɷ񣬵㲻ڲ𣿼
һе˼׼ãһս֣ÿԼһЩ߾ʵҪǣܳûݺĵȫ
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Ϊ֮ʱбҪ˴̼𣿡һɳζת
ǣ²˵ˣ´ûҪɱ㡣
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334 ǳ졢Ң۴Ц
֪УЩĻʶȻɢ
ҲԼҲʶˣףǵģѹȣϣ
Ҫ뷨ţҪһֱĥĻȥֱӲһ֡
ʵûѡ

߳ªԺ䣬뿪hʱСС
ҷǰ˫ĿƽĿţһ˿ĻΡƽϢȥٴλָ˲Ԩ
Ҹ㱨ˣ
еãȲɱһıʹٱ
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ټλϣԼʮλ׼ʥһεεǿߣʮλ޽ɣһ֧ǧĴ
һϲǸͥ
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ͥس̫׽ǽӴλǣȥǳ죬ҲǺǿա
ǿռޱ޼ʣֿռ佻һСģѰ׼ʥǿ߶Σա
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΢ǡǵȵȡ
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ҲһȻķ֣ԲűΪһһǳ졣
û̫׽һһ·ȥռ죬һǳ춼ȥ
עǸʱ顣

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󣬵ʮʮգУӭһλ͡
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ʵ˵ⳡײڡ
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ΪʲôҪΪЭ
ΪĻߡۡ棿
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335 ͥе
˫߲㣬Լвǣ뼧йɱվסţῪڡ
֣Ȼ
¹ͥ£ʱ˵Ŀꡣ
ȫ־ŵӴ֮ϣﵽ׶δԲʾһ˷ܵĴ
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֪ӽô׾ͻ˴ջˡ
һΡаջȡ޴֮ᡣ
Ҳˣͥײɱ᪣Ϊľᣬ档
ϸϸӴޱȵ֮󣬵żҲһһϦʱܳɹġ
תۣ˷֮УǱԶ֮ƽǰɱ䡣

ͬʱҢۺܿͷ֮ͥС
ΣһƽȻȻһϵ
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Ң۵ͷһ֮ӣƼ򵥣ʵҪޱȡ
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վᣬһɰ֮ҵȻʱ̿ЩһǿƵڼ˶ߡ
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󣬻һĨ̾Ϣ֮֮£գлһ̸
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еңѾƽЩأҲȫ̴ա
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һսĽǿĵԺ
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ʱһϣ۵ޱȵĽ⽵٣һӰг֣ѹ˷ơʱ
ܵģйԱȫ΢΢ͷȻμ
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ǼԪϣҳһֻ̣ǳӣϷǸĳӡ
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ԭݣֻǴһƷˣȻˡ
Ȼٳ֮Ҳòˡ



336 λõջ
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ɡ̧֣еºЩ
ʱкܶĽʵĿ⿴١
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졢ѹݵĴУΨһһһƷԱ
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˧սıȸĴϴԼڶԱֻҪƷϵģʱ׿ڽ
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⣬һЩʱ趨ǲͬģ趨ˣһһǲͬģһһǰʱǰŪģҲû취ˡ
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ȥЩӵݣ塢£ȫɱͨ䱾Ϊū꣬漰ˣͷšڡɵĮȻȻĲɡ
·ԱһͨĴãɲϹذ
ȴûվԽ顣
ְµȵĲңְϵȡָҵģ˼ǲɵƣⲢǴºҪԱɱûվԡ
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һµԬͨ»ɴջ˲δ췴ѣ򱱲Ĳǰ衣
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ڸҵģȴ뿪ڡ
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Ϣһεİ֪ڳ֮ӿȻһλƷԱ˰ʧأȱʧλҴռƬء
·ַȱʧҴ̡
䣡
⸽͹صĻȴһը졣
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ֻȫˣиλÿճлΪµ
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337 ݵĵ
Ԭͨһʮһλͼϵλá
һһӽҪնɱһٰʮһλ
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⿴۱ȸɡӣеĵǲûмᣬЩ˼ƮǰС
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ȻΪڴ̳øãΪ¹ӴĻƼңʮˣǼ򵥾ġ

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ѧʶɲУûһΪΪ١
Ҳ˵ЩѧӣˣΪʵҲԶԶ㡣
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ѧʶ˵ΪнɵʵΪةнɵĲϵʵΪнɵ߲ϵʵ
Щ̵ܽôࡣ
һѧӶǧѡġ
ǵϧ۵ˡ



338 ʹ
۲ֻǵԴ
ܶѧǱĴۣϾʮʱ䣬վЩ̡
Ƚ֪ǸӴƻǱˮнԶԶ㡣
Ƭ̵ӿٶȣ»Ӹظѧӡ
ǡгŽȸС
ڵļƻǴ󲿷ֶ֪Ǳв߻ƵһԱ
ܼܿԶڵԥʵ̫ˣǱ뾡ȥѧӡ
һʮѧڣԺٶȣȻԽԽ졣
ֹͬѧӣʵ
λǾվǲϴ̨棬˴á
׼׼ʥ֮
һЩ£¡
ͣƬ̵١
ǡһԣ֣͹Ӧ
ʱǰμ
̫ʦ񡣡̧֣£ֱӵ̫ʦǰһ½Ԭ֮ͨ¡
ĿһгԬͨǲһԸǰȥ𡣡
̫ʦļƽԬͨ־飬Ϊǡ
ǡҴ۱õط𣿡
ɫһʱ˵˼ûзԣʥ
̫ʦѡһЩǱĽ죬һº¡
󣬹»ǰȥԬͨ
ǡЩ⣬ѡһЩ죬ȻҪΪʲô
ûжʲôֱӦ
ܿ죬ȥ
˼һᣬͿʼ
յλãﵽһ۷壬ܶ׼ûãܼ


û죬ѵһٶλ漰ˣȫնɱ
һյĴ󳯻ٱڶ֪η֮Ǵ
ʱѾ򽪺ϲȣǰǵ·ϡ
ԭǼǵλʱûǰȥ
ѹݣȻҪϽǰȥġ
Щ᪡
ճ᪳ǣУ͸һįĳϢĿֻš
ˣ
ܣһٶλ᪣ѾץץɱɱҲ̾ռ졣
Щ¶˵ͷ·һ㣬ջֲ̿ѡ
̾ûнأҲʱʱ̵̿¡
عԱ󲿷ֶŬҪͶûá
᪳ǵ᪸߲㣬ʱ޿̲ѹһʯͷ
һգϣ᪸߹˿
ΪճϵѾ֪
Ȼڵûв᪵˼Ҳе𾪣ΣǻǸе˵ġ
Ŀվˡʮ㡢崺Ĳؿ
˼Ҳԭɣ
λˣȻһ٣Ҳ򲻿ɴⰡؿˣЩص
ǣʵ𣬺үǱ裬ۡûи᪵˼ҲһС͸ı뷨ɢ˵
ţµҵȱЭѹءؿ֣ضᶨӵ
һ䣬ڳʮλ˼ΪĬ΢΢һ˵ȶӡ᪡
λɷؿˡؿæɫݣڣؿһˡ᪣ͶҪλˣ
ӿٴ΢΢һ
ؿæ񣬶˶٣صʽ֪λкμң
ǰЩʱգ֪᪵ΣڶԱȻûжЩ顣
ʱ֪ӹһ٣ܶҪʼˡ
ӣ֮ʾ᪵ĳ֮⣬С˵óѡɢٴ˵
䣬Ե͵Ϊ򲻿עĿ̫˵
ѡʦѵܣλ᪼ڼǿߣֻʣλ
ɢ̫ߡڱչصϹʡ
ܺزڵһսͱܣϢӦѾնɱ
λ˵öԣֻʾΣأȴǲáؿͷڳʮЩϵ˵
ڳʮһʱû˵ǰȥʾȻΣղѣ˵ͱֱɱˡ
ӣɳȥɡϢɢһӵ
ɡؿҡͷΪᶨɢ֧򲻿ʧ
˵ֿ꣬ϵڳλˣҲðա
ĿЩؿ˼⡣
лӵģǰȥ˵λ㣬ִŭ̫ü
ǰȥʾ᪳ȻҪɸ㹻зˣǿ϶еġ
㹻зģ᪵ĳУ˵ϹʣҲֻ˿ˡ
ؿһ̡˼Ϊѡ
˶վ˳ǰ
ؿɫж΢΢һؿлλˣȴλðա
ɫӼᶨȻؿˣɲؿǰȥĺãҲҼƽϡ
ɣ
Ӳɣ

ʱɢʮЩˣ׷׳ֹ
λ˲ضԣؿѾߺ󣬻λ˸ܼ᪣ȴ׹ؿᶨ
Ӽ
ǳֹҲˣһ뵽ʲô
ɢ̫ĬĶһۣһ̣ɢӣ²¾Ȱѽ֮׼˵
Ѷضԣ׼֮ؿһ顢׶µ̬



339 ̫榵ġǿӲ
һЩ֮飬ؿȥԴ
뿪ãһЩԱڵš
ģ򲻿ǰȥ谡
֮бȻΣأӾܷӡ
ұȥ
ȥɣ


һУɢ˼Ƭ̣̫߶һۣȻλ˲żҶúȰ˵ӡ
ڳͷ׷ױʾΡ
ɢȥֻʣɢ̫߶һȥ
Ӳʧǰȥ裬Ϊ֮ƣҲֻһΪˣɢд
̫ߵͷɫЩ̾ϢءΡ
ɢƺˣ̾ҲǲѶΪ֮үǵġ
ϣɣ²ǳ档̫ص
˳ʲˡɢûԥ˵Ȼˡ
šֵ̫ͷ

ؿҲصԼסڡТѾ
ӡТ΢΢һ񣬾ֹɫһ
Դջͷص᪡
ؿ֣˼ö̬Եú⣬Ҳ⡢͸һ׽Ρ
΢΢֣صТѾˡ
ˣӾɡТһЦһо֮еĴš
ţֻǡؿͷɫЩΡ
ӡһжΪ᪣ʹүڡҲԻͬġТЦ⣬֣صİο
ֻ֪վڶܰؿ̾
ҲĴޡԣȫأТ
ؿĿһТ˼ǣ
ĹϵһЩ˼ʵѾûٱܻˡ
Ҳһ̽Тݵ
ؿͷûٶ˵ġ

̶ʱ䣬׼֮ʱ۲ؿҪǰȥ飬Ϳٷзڡ
һƬ֮ԼȰ֮⡣
޲ؿʴȡ¸ҡȵȣȰҪȥ衣

ԺǰԺµ̫һ̾ȥģɵ
ΪޣԼؿǵĸڴʱ᪣ǻȨߵλ
ǳ֮͸ޱȵĵǡգмᶨ
һʱһλ߽Ӽĸס
̫ʰ飬¶ͰеЦݣӵҶض񣬿￴ôˣ
١¶һЦݣ߽
š̫Ϊصͷ˵˲ټҳ
̶ʱ䣬̫ɫ̾˿Ŀӵ֪Ҫȥ裿
᪶ӼûκصͷȥҺϣ͸ŵǵ֪ˣȥΣأȴǲôǰȥ
̫榵ͷɫ˼ֵԪˣǸֲڣ֧᪣Բȥҳ衣
֣µصͷţţǲȥ衣
̫榿ż˫ĿУȰΡв;Ȼ᪴£Ҫ㹻ǰȥ裬ϣϣܴǰȥ𣿡
˵ţ˫۾Щˣò˵
ֱ⣬ƫҲԲ
ȴ˵Ϊվ±ϣܲ˵
ðܻõ𣬼ͬĺԥǸˡᶨĸǣԸǰȥԲʧ
̫˫ĿˣᡢҲſǻ
ĸײѹΪ᪣ǶԼѡ
ӦҲΪƽӹ֮ˣһƽġ֣صο̫榡
̫ᣬѾץż֣Ǳˡ
ְο˺ܳһᣬȥ
ʱ󣬻⣬ؿɫ󾪣æᶨҡͷöǰȥĸ򲻿ɣ񳯸Σأ˵ܲãʹܣҲöȥðա
̫̾Ҳ룬µҲֻܳ²ˡ
ĸףаؿΪѡǵ
¾ôˡ̫ɫһ䣬üᶨϣ㸸ײڣҪ᪣ֻܿǰ衣
ܣܹõġ
ʹʹãҲ
ؿɫǵΪѣĸףٴӳɺã
ãΪѾ˵Ҳͬˡ
ټڳǰ㵱ȷ̫榼Ϊϣɾ˵
ĸףؿ󾪣ȥǲԸǡ
ģ䲻㣬һܽ°áƽġ̫ڰοŲؿڰοԼ
ؿЩ޻˵
ʱɢ̫ߵʮλسһһֱ̫ӽĿ˵˳ɶӼǰ衣
˻һд϶¶֮⡣
ҲоϲӼ
ɲⲻѵѡ
ʹʵ񻹲Уݡλʸ񶼾Թˡ
³ʲô¶Ҳء
Ĭһ̫榵ǿӲ̬£΢΢һǣ

ӼҪǰϢܿʹ˿ô³׳䶨
һӦ׼ڼ٣Ԥ
ؿסУɫЩΣ·ĹТ̾ҪǶʧؿԸװ
ӲضǣҲδΣաТ
Ҫȥ²Ⲯؿ⻰жġ
һ˵ƷУۼġ
֮Ȼˣ̸ʲôôģ



340 㳯
Ȼ湦ҪģԹТ˵һ䡣
ϣ˰ɣؿ̾
ӣ硢ҸǰȥȻТĿ΢
ţؿһТæТ뷨֪ȥΣأТ򲻿ɷա
֮ȸոŨ˲֪٣Ͼߵҡĸ
ӲصǣȻԸ᪣Ǿ͸ΪһСԽݣТ˵
ǲɣ̫ðˣؿҡͷ
Ź᪵ԭѾֻ֪˵ˡ
Ȼɳǵȵطˮɲ⣬ТҪԵΣգĿ档
ʱ׷׸򳯸ǵǣовԸԸ᪡
ӣǰ裬ѿáТɴӣֻĿ˼֣һ˴ˣҸǰȥһЩл
һֱöӲǰ򵥣˴ÿһ̽
ҪڳǶ෽㣬»Ӧýá
Ҳõˡ
ؿЩüΪ⶯
ǰ漰棬õᣬҲûд
Т˳ɴ£㹻ˣǾͿԹΣʽ᪵Ȩġ߲㣬õЭ
ֻǣǺܵġ
Ϣ󣬿ТŴݵģ΢΢̾ڿһʵЩðհ
лӺ񰮣Т˫һĨж֮⣬΢΢һ
Тض񡣡ؿæȥ

һط
⣬Żۡͷɢ᪶ӼĿЩ͵ĿԶ
˭Ҳ֪ڿЩʲôЩʲôֻ֪
ʱתȥɫɵĺ񡢿ȥƺЩľګ

׼ǰȥʱͬĵļݺҲŲͬж
ףαҪǰȥҪöǰȥȫЩǵĿջ
˵ջɫ͸ųأǰЩʱյĳҲ֪ˣû㽫ô䲻֪кĿĴ㣿
ΪȴҲ֪ܲôһˡǱҪȥġ
һȫü֮Ρ
ģĿ뷨ΪܲµһģвⲻʲôΣաջƽ
˶٣¶һĨЦ⣺ҡΪҲû׼
ţȫЩɻ
ΪѾûˡջŵ
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Ϊ£Ҫʱ򡢻ýջдŹһо֮еĵ
ţ취һʧ
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ǣкǱߣȫЩĵ
ѾʧܣͷϵĻԼ˭ˣ
Ǳߡߣһˣ£ͽỹΪҲǸһᡣջߵŲм
Ƕ᪻Ǻ壬Բм
ãŮҪ˵ģ޸õѡջɵ
˵ǡȫһ롢Ҳȷˡ
ˣҲض˵ý˵ջ֡
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סȫҧ
šջͷ

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йڳ賯ϵϢһĨ𣬳ĬʱЩ˵ǣҴӦˡ
ǡү


ѹ׳ıȻ;ƿ֮
ۡֻгͳڡ
Ϊǰȥ衢ΪµıҪס򲻿ʧ˱֡ɢһɸϢ˥ɢľ
ţסڵϣ˫ͨ죬᲻ϵͷͬܰ㽡׳ȴû˿ɷ֮⡣
³çֹ֪֣ϵΪġ
סһ֮һʵΣ򲻿ǡ
ףһǡ
ţסû¶ȥ衣ζ
ǣһȥ衣
ʱ󣬱ɢһ˿Ϣ
˰ɫһǡ
Уĵüͷһ֮𶯡
һ˿̾Ϣô¡
ȥˣ
Ƴ˭Ѿûа취ҲΪ
˼һ£û´κʱǵȱϢá
ʱһȥ
һλλҲǰ½˳ǣҲòÿһЩʱ䣬һЩ
ôǳС
ЩĵǷַİҲʱƽࡣ
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򽪺ʮһաϲ
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ʮգһ֧Ҳ߽˳ǣܿ˳УСС󲿷ǿߵĿ⡣
Ϊ֧飬᪵ġ
⡢мζɱȵĿͶ·һ̶Ҫ֧ݺȥ
УһЩ̾𣺡ǳ𣡹Ȼΰ
ǡһԣһ𸽺ͣ·ǿհ˫ۣ͸桢һĨĨ̾
ΪЩһơ



341 
ѹݡΰơ
һ͸еһɲԽ𺳡
Ѿ롢һ˿Ҳǿʡ
ǵٶȺܿ죬̶᪸ϵ˳衣
˼ɫصıȭ֮˵ˡˡ
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ԥ죬ļ֮£ؿͬǰ衣
Ŀʹס˶Էߣ˫һĨ֮ɫ
ڴмܵȵȡ
衢ˣ

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УԽ֡
С絽ǣһ֮⣬ջʱܲμһЩᡣ
ֻһЩˣûᣬƺմʲôõĶ
ȴûʵʵʲô޹󣬹Тʼݷ
ϵݣµƷԱһһŰݷã±ܡҲ⡣
ƤУĲƱϵİɢȥ
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ǡ
ӦУһ˸ĵ
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ڼңµľ
˴ТĹܼңȻŹТӻ֣ãԼŲ˿
Тһͷ޴һһ֮С
Ϣ󣬵ƺ߽һʱһϤΰӰӳС
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˴ΣصǰԷͬʱҲסԷҲһֱڵš
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ǿ侲һ֪ʱ䲢࣬֯õٶԵ˵£Ϊ˽⣬֪Ƿüȥ



342 ƽ
ǻԵ˫У˸һּΪǻ۵ĹâСĹΣһ̡ڵǰû˿Ρ
ԸԸ֣Ŀ⿴ŹΡ
ĳӣ൱ڴ΢ĩ֮һ·һһڶ罨ˡ̡һЩͲض˵
Ը⡣Тԥؼᶨ
û˵滰λҲӲ˵滰
ֻҪ˵Ը⣬Ϳ᪡̡
ѡԸ⡣
Ϊ֪²ûд᪵鷳ȻûнȻǴ̵ĸ󻼡
㣬֪һЩؿıһս󣬵û᪣Ͳµˡ
ص᪣һֱʵʵĴš
ټϵصļ͸ȷԼĲ롣
ģѧɺ󣬱Ŀ⡢󡢼ʶȻȻ᪣᪡
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Ŀ¶ͣιȻӲʧֱ˵ãµĲ᪵ȷҴĸֻ֮ʱδ
Ҫģǽ߲㡣
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һ𣬸ô꣬һΡȷܵ˶Էء
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ǡĿƿЩЩڵ
ôŮȻ֮䣬İСУ˺ܶĸҡ
ûʲôֻŮ߸ף˼Ůô֪´θ׻ǲҪΪ¡ŮˡЦ£쳣ƽ˵
ȫˣ漴ŭˣʲô
ŮĻסƽ
㡭ʱ˼֡
׻ȥɣ侲Ůת
ߡˡߣѹŭصתȥ
ʱûһ㣬˫Ŀͨ졢ŨŨʧ
װ

Уųĵ͵ʮڲ׼ھ硣
ƽϢЩڶ֮߶Ҳ˴롣
ΪΪЩˣڳûôǣʵһЩ
ǰȥݷóˣȴĶࡣ
һǵεسȥɹ
ջ˵һֻǱ˼ɡ
Դˣջʲôûз
ʱһȥʮһյˣһγʱ䡣
ΪλĵԵúǲͬ


343 ջĴ
һǧλ̹ԱİٶλǰСȥεơƺƵ
ÿһλҲǴ޽֮ǻƣǳˣƺ˾ݡ˴̣޿ɱ⡣
һֱ߽УǹҲ˿
ĵȴУⲻɨӴš
⡢ơ̽ȵĿĶУвӿʱǴΪӿĵط
ıֹᡢǧٹֵĸӹϵǿԽݡŨʱС
ӡЩѹֵУʱˡ
嫵Ľ⽵£һϺɨƲɵѹһС
˶ʱɫһ𣬺Ȼμ
빧
񡣡ĮϽɢȥһڽɫ۰©˫ΰ֮ϡ
лһǧ
֣͡Ŀһɨ·ˡڵ
ǡһ·ոճֵ֣һתڶ󳼣ΪҴ̶֮ҳʿؽꡣ
ҳʿԿ꣬Ҵ
Ӣ·ڶ೼׷
п˼Ŵ£ϲǣһ𺳡
ʣ꽨ɺ󣬴µĳӽʿĳ̶Ȼ
ʱеĲٹԱˡҪꡣ
»Ҵ̽ΪҴҳʿһ꣬ÿɹ´Ⱥǡڣ䵭ϵɡ
·ڶٴһȴûз£ǶԽԽǾֶη
ȻҲ˾Щݲߣûʸ룬ʱȻû˸˵
˵֮ʵ˾֮ңҴ±ΪЧɫЩ˵
ԸΪЧڳٴ
̧֣ʾƽڶʮǰȥһĹΪҴս
Ա֮ꡣ
ߵл·Ϊվ󷽵ĳʱվ£ſݵ
ٴҲǾȣᣬʵڷǳأһȻܴΡ
ϺүȥɿȱŵĿӰ
ڡæӦ
Ϊһα㲻ûдЩء
زȵٴΰȥ
ţɡ
л̡ڶʼλ
ǰ뽪еĵطһλҲֱߵվ
һĴ̱Уλ˵λ֮һ
ѹƽֵıĿ⡢ǰеһԱ
ջ
䵭ڶֻ䡢ĮĿһˡ
ڡΪݺ֮һվǰеջվ˳̬˿ëĲЦ
֪߸ϡ·ջ
ջɫ΢䣬ϻ̳Ͽ֣̹ȥ֪
Ҳ֪Уʮһվ˳׷׹»ֵ̿
Լ˵䵭
ջ˷ͶЩĿ⣬ֵ̿ԣΪϺү۾ϣԹϺү
СгһЩС˼ԼϺүһЩԹû뵽Ϻүôȥˣʵգ
ƨһȻը죬˫ۣŭջջ㾹Ҹ۾ϣ޳֮ͽ˵˻
ڶҲдͶȥ˸ӱӲмĿ⡣
ջȴǺĿϿҵˣջûϺүֻԡ
һԣԬͨұһԡͿԻȥ𣿡ȡ
Ȼ֪֪ΪʲôĹջһε˼ʱ򣬸˵ĻҪ˵ģ㣿
ջ֮ʱһЩ򱱲Ѿ棬ѵһԾȥ𣿡źһϷûκαʾĵڳ
ԼһЩ׷׿ڣǳջ
Ƕԣջʮλնɱòˡ
ջվʮˣɫԽ̿֡
ԩٴĵӣҲ氡ֻһʱģջæͷҲЩˡ
֪᲻˳Ӧڳ֮ģֱӽɱˡ
һˣͲЩڣý槼׳Ĵҵġ
ԩ
ԩ

ʱջ棬ǸʮҲؿͷġ
Ǵ󲿷Ҳλǵһսȥļ̳ˡ
ͷ̿С
޶ԣֻĮĿš
ʣµԳźΪףĴŵǲǸڼնɱջǣ
ˡϢͬŵĵˣʱôһƬž
˹κβ֮
ջԹ򱱲ûо棬ӡ
ջϳ㼽ݺ֮λΪջأΪء
˵Ⱥλ䣬һջأΪء䵭
·һǽУ˲õԤС



344 ֲޱȵ
ٽһ£˶Է롣
ʧҲҶ˵ʲô
ջ˿æӦл
Ȼ֪ظΪأǵҪܵʧ
ܱһѾˡ
Ӱݺ֮һΪͨλջҲѡ
֣̬ԵЩͣջʶ˵վ
мλûʽ̳λõˣʱҲ˵ôȷǵĺλ
ջ֮ƺ£һЩ˲ģҲΪʱ
ЩĴУƺȻһɷ˽գһ⡢ܿƵĿǵӰ
᪶Ӽ
ڶУ˼𣬲²Ÿֿܡ
ĿҲ˹ȥǰ䵭һɸ߸ϡһеζ

ڡ󷽣ɫŬ࣬ȴһβȥľګӰһæվӦ
ֹЩ񡢱׾η塣
˿ҡͷǼܣȴҲǺ֮оһ˸С
ɲ뾹Ȼôһӣ
ҲһЩˣĿ͸ƺҪ͸λЩˡ
㸸ΪΪΣﵭ˵˵һ޹ϵİˡ
ͬʱƽ켵֮£˫н޵УԽŨſ͸һеϢ
һ˫κθ鲨顣
ƺоΧЩƵĿ⣬ǿסûסڵضһ£ĲмʱΪǴģĹһΡ
ǣ
¶Ц⣬һޱļӡ
ģɫ˵˫еĽ⡢Ѿ貵һ¡
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ҡϲδڣΪѵȥû˵
㱿̫档
ﳰЦ
ЩзǳϸĵˣЩ¾衣
ΪҲκ
㸸һǿڵ˫۵Ľ⻺ɢ
ָ֪л˵һ
󣬹һ档ֵٴĿһ
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֣һ˵лһվظղŵλãϴһЩϲ١ˣԼˣκ
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ϵʱü
ղŻƽƽͻȻ
ǻЩûӦһ񶯵ġ
ֻоغȻŭСĶһˡǺķŭء
ǹϡأĲ
ɲǺҪ˵ʲôȴûиǿڵĻᣬƸӰԵףѹÿһ˿ռ䣬εĺǷ緢
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Ҳһʱ̣һƣڣûκ˿ķ֮ġ
һսĺպͬǿֲһ;ηҷǡ
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һһ㵽ĵز
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һЩСУ˵û㹻۽磬㹻ĵ̸ֺ̣
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ʱڳڣۣȴĺʱ
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֪
ƴŭĻûκθ鲨䵽˼¡ϵ˼¡
ûκεֿ³
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֪

һȺҪȺã
ֶһ˦



345 ŭ
޷ֿѹɽʮɫ԰ף
ΪѹΪûиһ˿ӣоɱ⡣
ֹǣ˾󲿷֣ҲҪɱˣ


֪֪


˲ʲôˣʮλж׷׿
ҲģԽ䣬Ϊϧսأ
д󳼵ͷκζ
ǡɽĿһɨλһͷˡ
һ̣ǽֵܵϢ
ϹۣƴһУΪǵ˽ģ߸ϣ
ʲô𣿡
ޱȡ䳹ǵ׽󲿷棬ݺ˺ڽ¡
̳ʮδйһĻ⼸ڵ󲿷
ʱûһλҵվʾһ㲻
Ϊܴķ˵Ƕûзʱ
֪𷣣
ȻɫűߡεĴȵ֪Ϊ֪һ֮̬˼ȴǧ
֪𷣣
⣬Ҳ̿ڣ̵ľ塣
кܶã˵ȥһǡ
Դ̹ԱĻηĿţҲǲ󲿷
̽Ѿ̫ˣõ˰ٲ⣬ûģٶ棬λ޶ԡϷ
͸úݺݽѵһΡ
ˣ²ЩϻǰƸ
ĿɨʮλܵȻǶԼء񣬹³ȫǣϳȺλѺȥ䡣
ǣ
һһӽʿٴ߽
ڶоָʮλǻЩ̱˴ϡ
ˣ
һжˣ

ҲȲѰ


еĴ룬ЩĿͷġ
ʹҲд޽ɾ磬ɴʱЩͨ˶磬ľȫ飬ǵĵҲʼްϾ
һʮλܿ졢ͱһһӡȥ
˲Ǵ󳼻û˸顣
ǡĿתƣýͷһ˿ɵ޶ߣ˴ʧȫǳеǡ
ڵ˰ڼһ룬𲻵ãǾͺú侲ʡô
˰ռ֮£»ῴǣҵ۾ߣϳλ
ǣλľսŲԸ壬Ӧ
ȼٵˣֻĿš
вЩ˿Ժȸо
ڶ˷龰ǻǵһμ
ɡŵ
л˶˿ڽˣ
оǹǡƺһЩ
˳˦Ӱʧ
ѹһеϢǣʱʧ˴룬һ˿
ʹһʹ󳼣Ѿûʲô
һɴδйľηġ
١ݡȸɡӵ˱ܵ˿󣬾һɿϲ
ˣ
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ĳĬ˰ĪҲӣĴ̣ͳ֮Ĵ̡
˵ڴ˳֮ǰһսӰ죬Ѿˣлص۷ļ
Ǵ˴γ֮󣬴ŭгǰֲ״Դ̵ľɹֻ˾η
Ѿص۷塣
ߣ
ٵĿĬĶһۣȥ
ӣһӽֹ
ȵٰ㸴𶯡
һʼеЩʱʧȫȫ
˵ˣǳӣͨͨĳӡ
һĵĳᣬ׽
ӰȴǸոտʼϯ
ʮλķϳķŭ״γֵĲ߾ְգ˰ռһȵȡ
ÿһӰ죬Ƿǳ޴ģǣĶӵĳ̶ȣǳ
Ϣϯ󣬳УպȻ䣬һָж
׾ĸж
Ǹô
λǼаյһΪ
ΪȻҪЩ߾ֵİգ
Ҫ꣡
δйľٶò̫ͨǣЩĪ˵𺳡
ںǣ
򵥵ĸжȴ˵ӵ澳ʵòĳޡ
Ǹô
֪ǲһֻδֵƶϢϯ뷨
ԥУУ߾УͨİУм羴ѩûм޵ǡ
ȻҪʱ䣬֮顣
ʮһյĳӵĳУְӲѹȥһġг
ıڸС
ֻıûʲô̡˼ˡ



346 ټ
̳õĳӣģֵõΣֺõ֮ġ
ָ̾ˮˮκβҵ̬ʧ
ݷ١ݷݵȵȷóֻҪ֪ġõοصĳӣ׷Űݷãȥ
ᣬӵĶࡢˡ
ãΪ֮ðھʮ֮ѹ
ᵱҹϰٳᣬԼ֮С

ڴ޾񣬳´һЩÿһǣֻǸոտʼҲǳ鷳
±ͷּӶࡣ
ͬʱҪ˽̣ԥ֮أЩԱΣǷõȵȣ
ΪĴ׼
ȻȻæµȴΪ⣬ûһᷳĸоЩС
һЩңڡմȾ¡ֻ޵˵Щ
㣬Ȩǳǿ˵ʱЩ꣬Ҳǻ֮¡
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ֱЩ˵ڳξϣÿһˣǷġ
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ο㲻Ļǲ˵㲢𾴴
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ηܹһζľ£άֲ˶ãϾҲˣˣ
Լ˼άԼвһζľ£С
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ʮգ֮У̵Ĵ֮£ٴ˽ĹС
μչѹסԼЩӵ
Լ뷨˵϶ǰϾǰЩʱսĻʵڴ档
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ֲһˣ̫ԼȻǲܴĴڡ
ԥ죬ѡǰʵǿԲҪģοվԼŮ
ײض񡣡ϷĿһĨ̾Ϣȴûӭ
Ҳ⣬̾ǰЩʱաΪĲԣίˡ
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󣬸Ů࣬ЩС£ȴ͸һܰ
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󣬵֪ЦݵȥĿ¶һ˿˼Ц£ûж롣
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ǡ֣һתȥ
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סĵطһ˹ӭ֣͵
仰£֣̬ƽ͵Ц߰ɣӡ
л֣ˣɫˣؾص֣ظл
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ţһסлˡ˷д֣ص
˵꣬΢΢һ󣬿첽߽Ժ䣬ֱڡ
ͬһʱ䣬У֣ͣĿġ
ڡ
УϷƽŵϤȴӰʱ˫Ŀ˫ϥ£ּ˷ֱ˵ؽеף



347 ż
ۣƺ˼Щʲôļһ˫ȥ
˲䣬һβסļһơ

ƽؽеֱվȻǼϲá
ӲТݼסѾؿͷ
ض񣬿˫ǰȥ
ס麰æס˼
ôƽһ¶˵֮ɫ
ظףǰݼǰһΡʵʵػش
üͷһһĨȻǿοãТ˳
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ֻܺزλ岮ȥˣЩ˵
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סҪ尡æ
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ǾͺáɫЩƺڵǰûôģ
Ӹһġûԥ̹ʵ
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ţĸȸ˵ģǴҪǰһĸ˵öԡ
ʲôôеҲֵܷһЩûжʲôһԶ˵˳
ţáã˰οصͷһͰʴȵĿ⣬ֱֱżЩľګЩ˫ۡ
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ûκλӦڻ̲סһŭ⣬Ҳ֪Ƕ˭ģһͱ˫ۡ
УǹһĨмЦûἧ˼
ոռһһΣûʲôջ
װ
Щ²⡣

УôҲվƽ
ȥཫ˳פظأһЩҲɳ¡
߾ķ߾ʵ˹ԱǰȥһЩ׼µģǰȥʽְգ¡
Τ˶УһǱȱĹԱϤȹ͡ȻҪһЩ
ȻµˣƷϵĸ߹١
Ҳֻݣѹס档
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䣬ЩѾʼһһķˡ
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޽۷壬ʡʱ䣬ӵ㹻ʱ䡢ǿ̻ۡ
ǵһǻǵڶһ׼õ硣
ңǻЩѧӽ롣
ڵͽСӵ˴ġ
Ҫ㹻ĸĸ˲ţǧ궼
Ͼѧ֪ʶŪ̫ˣ͵ҪҲǽ֮
ǧʱȲˣοܿǸʱ䡣
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֮е˭Ҳ֪жûб֡
һЩûбֵ磬ҶԴڣ磬ʱҲǲһġ
±֪һЩûбֹ磬ʵݣҲûʲô
յʮ֮һĴһ
ܱ¶СŵĴڣ˾Ϳˡ
ЩʱʵҲСӸࡢǿ硣
ϾĴ˵ֻ弶ϵ磬ЩãһЩ˲ſٳɳ
ĵ˵ֻ߼磬á
е֮֮ǿһЩʵҲð˿ͻ׼ʥ׼ʥ֮гɳ
Խǿ硢Խӡ
ôҲֻһ߼磬ǾʱѾһĹ硣
ڣûҵʲô취ֻĬĬȴš
Уһ߼һߵȴŰˡ
磬ûнȥ⣬ֻҪһἴɡ

СҲǰ˽Ǹ硣
һ֮У˾͸оһȫµ֮С
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Ӧһᣬ˶ǾˣȻö˵ʲô߿ʲô
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ⷽһΪ̵Ĺҽˡ
˵ǹҲ׼ȷΪûеûʵƵء
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349 ַ
һЩĹԱˣԥУʵ̶ǰʮ
ڴпν̸ڣϵ㡣
Ļ·ڶ˴󲿷ɫдһڴ˷ܡ
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常һɣЦ𣿡·һЩü
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·˳ĬҲһĬϡ
үүġҪ𣿡ȻһվЩԥ
üͷһˡʲô˵ģ˵ɡ
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ֻҪŴõΣʵһأǼȻġ
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Ǿ˾ˡľ˵ͷһ¡

һңУǿĴ塢嶼ڽƵ顢ԥ;
һԣԽǿ󣬱ԽԺλ뷨
Ϊڳ衢ڴ̳Уǿļ壬ȻҪܵܶƵġ
ҪһïķչΪǷǳõķ
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ȡ֮λգԽӿƺ˭סˡ
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ףΪλ֣źӣ˾ľ̲סֱź
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ĵĹ壬󲿷ֶѾŰݷȻ롢١ˡ
Ȼݡȸɡӵȸ߹ٸУҲǷ׷ǰȥݷá
ʮʮһյĳϣһӷַ˶ʮλµ
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ˣֻ߲ܽΡԸַĽһַ⣬ߴɢ¡



350 Ԭͨ
ˣ֧ǿ֮һʹ˽ɢʧ
Ƿʵı仯ڴ̾Լ˾޴ķˡ
̫ʦ
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ǰԬͨصĿУһڴգٶȲ첻εǰС
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Դ̳úȻעȴҲ̫ϡ
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ע˽սûʲô̫ģֻﵽЧﵽûС
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353 ˡس
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ֶԳ˼ãŽƽ
ٻƷɻĮ糣
ǡ

һ̶ʱ󣬻Ʒɻȥ
ǵɻƺܸоЩ֡
ҡҡͷٶ롢Լжȥ
޽ɴԲ֮壬Ҳס
Լû̫룬ԴӴﵽ޽֮͸оԼٶԽԽ졣
ĵϵ˳
ǡ߹һƵġ
ȻҲû⣬ȻѾﵽ޽ɴԲ֮ѾͻƵ׼ʥ
ǾŬһĪԤУٶȲӿ졣

Ʒɻﵽ޽ɴԲ֮Ϣܿ㴫˿ڶʱһˡ
ȳɾ֪ȷģ۵ˣһǼ
ȻйԱв²⣬һﵽǵȾ磬ֻǵûȷ
Ҷĵ˵Ѿʲôˣû˶ۡ
ε֪
Ʒɻﵽ磬ƼҵȻǣڶԱ׷ǰףء
̾Ȼ˽ܱ
֣̾ǰһɡ
˫ɲżսٻȥ󣬴սϡһһ
ºĳǶͻƣպͻơ
꣬ЩһĽ죬ͻơ
ֱʮ£ٽӵ˾ս
ɱʵ̾Գ֣λϲӦԬͨʮһλһͿء
չʱǳֵλǿߣҲһֱûг֡
ⳡսһʱ䣬ų
ʮһλѾնɱʮλһսֱɱʮλֻʣȼλܡ
ʰо֣һոЩأڴЩü
ԬͨҲˣǴܡ
ԬͨʵȻĶ֣ܣҲһĿܡ
ֻǣոоһɲڰаԬͨԬͨûôܡ
ǹ
ֻ۴ĸоƺЩϤȷ
ǵĻ
Ƕ֮
ü̾˿



355 Ĺ
ոճ˾ݣһӰͣվУžݣɫǲʣϢҲЩȣǴѵԬͨ
Σڸô죿
˵Уǵƽ͵һȥүҲǡ
ԬͨĬһ£ʵ뿪ݡ
үǲ𣿡ƽ͵Щε
ߣھݡھݣȻʧܣⱲӶȥءԬͨһᶨ
ҲܻءȰ
Ԭͨ˫۶ʱ˫΢УǶԾͼıͥڣЩͼıʲôܻ
үα̽ңֻһССжϾδ֮¡˭˵׼ҲԺأֻǰЩ׼ˡ
ԬͨѹЩ뷨̽˼ҡҡͷǲ뿪ݣáȻڱЩΪбڡҲ԰Ƕܴ̽顣
һȥ˵ĵ̣һޱǿǾǼ£޶ٵλԡ
ֻھݣƾݵλʵ̣ܸӵá
ģ£ǵֶּΪأ̷ֲ˵ġƽ͵
ǣڽ֮ǰֲܻ̿ˣڿɾͲһˡԬͨ¶һĨЦ⡣
ţ΢
ԬͨҲӣѣȻأδҲ̫СٵĵֻˣȻѾ֣һЩۼ֡
ƽһ٣ЩĬ
Ȼٷ֣ôԷϾٳؽ̣񣬶Ժĸ϶Ϥ
ҲǺĴӱѧġ
֪ĳô֮£ǵֶο̡ܻ
ٵӣŹ˿ھʮ꣬񣬿֮£ˣԬͨ˵
ʾһ¡ƽ̾Ϣµ
šԬͨӦȴѴ⣬뿪ݡ

ԬͨʮһλټرոԱ
ºٴŴʦس
˴γΪַ̾ʧȫأ
ͬʱϣﵽ߰ʮλ˰֮ʮλ
̳͢յİأȴǷǳĶ࣬һݶһҡ
ԭܼ򵥣·ַԼջʮһλأС˲١
ҪһЩأķ߾ĵطûзַȥ
ĴطפŴ˧еλ
ʾʦس͢ҲæµЩ
ΪʱաѾԶ
ʮܿȥʮ굽
Ѿ˷򳯸󽫾Ҳɳһ֧ǰ裬֤ǴδйĴꡣ
͢ˡ
Уȴһɳء⡢Ѫա
ѾӶһյʮգ趼硣
Ժÿһεļ룬˹ء
Ȼе˲ϲû˸ҵԡ
ʮ³ʮеѾﳯ衣
ӵĴҲ˳衣
ʮǰһս󣬳һ
Уһһ㿿
ڣһյˡ
СǧһطѾ޽һΪ׳ּۡΪµĹ㳡
ټĹ㳡֮ϣֻһߴǧɵĺɫʯĹĸԾȻϣĸѪɫģΪѪɵԿȥġ
Ѫһͷʵﵽ׼ʥεľѪ
ɢһѪ۲ĸ֮һƺ˽ΪΪս׳ƣΪ֮Ѫڡ
лһɵı⣬˾þõĻ䡣
ɫţĹܡʿ⣬ΧȺǶǳǵİգ󲿷ֻЩ桢Īڴǰ
ʯ˵ģ֪ɵЩأЩԺȵȸӵȴ˵
Ϊû£ȥߡǺҲûʲôϵǸ߸ϴ顣
Ȼ˼ûת䣬ǹ¡ȵ
ʱȥԽԽ࣬ʱһңŽӣһλλԱ˷ʿķߣ㳡֮ϡԼݵλվá
УǵĽӻṳ̂㳡һ
߰ٶλ˧ȵ
̫ʦ
ƹ˧
ȸɴ򣡡
ǺǼĶӼ˵Щޱ


΢ɱǼ˶ǵһΡһô
ʱȥîʱڳļƷԱ߰ʮλǧλѡĽܳҵӣѾ㳡֮ϣվá
îʱȥһ࣬Ȼһ·һ㡢˺ҹʯϡ
Ѫɫĸ֡û˿ԵøӵѪ֮ˡ
ҲһӡУ»ٵӡǡ
١ݵȵȹԱɫ΢ˡ
һԺĸо𣬲ٹԱԴ̵ϿɡƺЩ
һ̣ǻ˵⡣
һȻ
ء
Žķףˣ
ʱʮȴ뿪ׯ¡ֲȱϰĶ飬߳ʻꡣ
繬Ľӣƥﵽ޽֮ţƱˡ
棬ϲַ
棬һɵĽӡ
ҵʱ䣬Žʱƺڱʲô塣
Ĺ㳡ңƥͣ˽Ųʱȫֹͣ
߳ǰ
μ



356 
ǶԵޱȵİĹΧһµ˲صһ¡
̧˫ƽ
лһӰֱ壬ηĿƺĵΰӰ
ɫȻݣһһұȥ
ҹ㳡ϣκ˲óʾ
Υն
ǵ´ԼҪء
˵ĿУŲٶȲ죬һһ͸һׯ£ӸҲǸɫ֣ء
ŨʽСÿһС
ǶĹӣҲԽԽǹɴûйԽԽǿ
չâ֪Ѿȫ˺ҹٴأڵϣΰ
ڣߵڶԱǰĹ
ʱѵš
̧𣬶걮صĨƺһȴš
䣡
ռ𶯵һɫĹĻ֣ɣǧɣŵֻ򿪡
һ̣¶֮ɫ
ΪǺɫĹĻ򿪺󣬺һ磬俴㲻ͬĵط
ͬģ顢ƺ޾Ĺ
ˮһıϣȷһ޼ʡĹĳ档
һԵ𺳣˵ĸ飬ǿҳÿһ˵顣
׳ҡѪϢ
һᣬ˻Ѫ֮С
ͼЩΪҲ𺳣ôֱʣ
ȻֱóһءĹ
ʮ졢ʮأǾʮ֮£ǿˡ
еĸأûмֻܾôһǱ˳Ĺأ
ӣŵɫâǰء
ˣ
صĽ𣬾ֻءӡƺѹһеͭǰ
Ŷ
оȻڳ֮ûмļĴ֮ÿ˶䣬ӡϢǵĸоԲ
ԭȼûмҲˣεŶأ
Ŷз
ʱתٹ١Լİաʿ
ƽȻݣʵʵĿ⣬ذ㡢󣬻ɨǰ
ÿһ˶оĿ⿴Լ屾ܵվĸͦΡ
šڴԺȵȺӿ
˵ȡϵȫÿһ˶ӵİ
µλʮ꣬ƽҡд壬ʶҴ̰աġ
·˳Ļڳ˾ȣƺôû뵽߸ϵλͷ
񡢺ǣգ
̰ӹΪΪΪΪӡ
ʿΪ¡Ϊ̡ΪǶǹµ񣬹²ǣҲǡ
½սĹΪߣĹܴݡ
δںĵĻʱֳЩ
ΪΪӡ
ӣ
ΪսˡʿѾ˫ۡ
Ȼǵǣ
ǵǣ
೼ӵ𺳣Щ㶵Ŀŵ
ΰӰƺռȫģ˿֮
򸣣
ȻһǰΪ´һλӺ˻
ʱǴĳֶ
򸣣
ڳһ˳׷ٴ
Ϣ£Ҵ񣬽Կмݡ
ļ̴Ǹĸӡֵܡãǵ»ǡ
²޶ԣ󡢴Ӵ̽ΪҴߣԿȡƴĶ
عԱߣɱ⡣
ը졣
˿ˣһִûйıϿɡ𾴣оˡ
ϵϡ
򸣣
һЩһߺһ߹ȥеη屻ĳ羴ȡ
䣬˰ѾȥεĴƺƺƵ޿赲ûվš
Ŀ⻺ɨû˵κλתϵ뿪ʼ
뿪ʼվڳǰе񲿴÷վ˳
̵ļ¡أҪºܶ࣬ڵ£ĹĸʽǲκһּҪ¡ء
ڵĴ£һģΪ¡صļ룬ʹչ
ŶΪ׼ʥʬΪƷ֮Ϊ档
֣صʽУ˱ܵ£μһμ롣
ͬʱǵĸ𺳡ƽ
Ļʵ̺࣬˼壬ȴء
ͨսʿǼ羴顣
ӣиеһֲ˼顣
뵽ְ취
ܹõ֮´ݺǷڵˡ
ﵽһ۷壬ΪȥĽʿӽĹʾ̺ǡ
ЩȥʿӼʵʵĽĹڵ壬ӵġ
ôһ£Ӵ̳͢ϵĳӡʿͨգԵм羴ѡ
ʵУһٳȡ
УµĵҲȡ
Ĺ壬ȫˣȻ̫С塣
ҲֹˣЩࡣ
еĴ񣬿ɲָľ壬ԥݵ塣
Ѷ
̵İеİأ
˵ǻΪѡ
ʱ䣬ⳡƴļ뷽Ž
ӴˣĹʱ̿κ˶Խȥݡ
һ֧أһλ
ݡĴ޶ԴԴϵǰۿݡ
ϣС
ȸɾͿٶ
й󣬱ȸɾصЩ֮ʿĽ֪кα׼
˵Щ֮ʿ£ȱȸɸͲ֪
Ϊ
Ҫ˵ȸ֪Щǿ϶ġ
ϾҪȴ֪˭ˣΪһֲΡء
òϣȸɸоĺܺá
´̳ܸܴܿ͢ĴۣҲޱȵ֧ͬ
һѯݽζ±׼
Թ͸ߵ͡ʵǿΪ׼óһҪڵ
뽫˴ĹĽЧ
ôݶ߼ĽһҪá
ֻ
ǡȸ֣صӦµȷܼԲٶ˵ֱȥˡ
΢΢һɫСִһĨǣصĸҼ׵谡
ǣ֮Ѱ˿Ȼס
ͱ磬һ֮ʿļعԱǿ裬Աǿȡ
Ȼǲᡣ
ģѾ׼ãȥǳأ³￪ͬʱӵ֮ʿ衣



357 е
˵Ȼݵ˼
̫ˣԥҲ̫ˣҲٶȶԣʲô
壬临ӳ̶ȣĴ̣Զ㵽ȫա
ֺֻķķȥӦԴ¡
΢΢ͷΪ񲿴򣬴¾ӦǵģԲŻһˡ
ȻԼ־ȻȾѾӦ뷨׼
Ҳһλı֡
Ҳֹ£ɫصҴ̸˴һ°ҪĻԽԽడ
Ŀ΢ݣһƲײ
û뵽ôͿ㣬ȻҲְλйء
񲿡԰Ĵڡ
˵˵Ŀɫ
ǡӦ˼ȻĸºܸȨģǸͨղûҪʲôȨ
˴δһȨΪõĲ
һȨģеҪȨҰġ
˼˺ܶ࣬Ϊ֪ĸ࣬˺ܶ顣
֮һ
롣ڵȻ˵ûн͡Ȱ˵ֻԵİԵ
Ȼ˵ȷġ
ÿһνԼҰһһ㣬ǾԶȫرգֻʱȥ򿪵ԽԽ
еˣҰҲӵĿ¡
ǰеĳʤһ㡣
Ҳһ壬˰еȱڣǵŭͷųǵҰ
ӴˣԺũԽԽࡣ
ֱνִеǵȫ򿪣ȡȨ
Ǹʱһ̶˵ûνҳϣΪǿҳϣҲΪ˶жЧҡ
ûνĴἺΪ˼٣˽ɨǰѩȷļֵۺΪ˴¡
ǸʱҸģҲǱġ
Ҹӵ˺ܶȨǱҪΪΧıһԼܶ˽Į֮ˡ
Ȼ˵ǶԵģȴҲǵҪġ
˵վĴϣѾǿˣ򿪰еǺ¡
վڵģδǿĴϣҪ̸ǿǾͱˡ
Ǹ֪ҪûҰҪһЩȨ
ôֻ˳ܣϵΪ谭Ҳ˵
ͬǰУǸ̳λһ㡣
ԲȥͬĴ
ԵɵĻüһɵǸŨ֡
ҪʩǷˣ
һ̾ҲûΪ¶˵
ϾȻЩǴ򿪰еҰܵ˵£ָ֧˵ġ
ǰֻδпܵ£ֻҪƿغáҲʲôĿѵһ¡
ڣõ˼ĺչģץֵľ޴棬Ȼָ֧ˡ
ǡӦ
ĿºЩȻ͢æµ»Ҫة࣬Ҫةˡ
أǳӦ֮𡣡һ˼
ţ°ɡ֡
ǣˡһȥ
и˼𣬴ǻ⻹⣿
üѹµǣȥ
ĬĬһ˼¶һ˿ɻ
Ҳ֪ģҪеĶࡣ
涼Ѿ׼룬˭Ҳֹˡ
һߴһ߿ʼеļƻ
ĹѾֻҪ֮°ãĸͿԽˡ
׼ȻҪܳʱ䣬ܳɹ

磬ĹһµӰ죬ԳΪģѾԼٶ
ڵƶԼһ֧֧ɢһǳʻȥȴ󶯾£Ӱı
̽ʮԥݰ֮࣬ʿģ֮һ
Ѿˣ߲ȷϾǼʮǰ֮£ôȷ
һ֮ʿĺ֦ɢҶΪʢϵڶֻһõ
к
Ը֮ʿģ϶һҡ
ȻʣµҲһˣӰԥݰա
ÿһԥݰշԼ߾ȡʱĹһµЧı
ʱһȥԥݶ۴µ
УȻʱһЩҲΪֵ÷з


358 
һΪĽ㽵
ѾظأɴƣҲֻĬĬĵ
ĹԼǿԽȴֹ
һս罪Ƕ˴Ʊ׸衣
߾ʧҲе˰Ҳһ֮ڼ롣
֣ʵûǸʱȥĹ
Ҫǣ̳͢ոսĹΪġ
Ϊ֮£̳͢˸ңŰ취ֺõ
ҪǴʱҲĹǻ˳͢͵¡
ԵƣûôЩ룬Ҳ
۷׷ףǰЩΪķ߾İò֮ãֱ׷Ϲ͡
ݡ
һСׯ԰УոջصУЩӢǷзһ˽⣬Ҳĸоɡ
ʱ͸һ侲ǵ˫УЩ˼
ʦ˵ĲȻ۲Ŵԡΰ
£ֶθʵԽǶ⡢ɲ⡣
ڣӦò֡ڲңǰȫ
վʦǰȫСá嶼Ըǰȥҡ
һ˿վĸס׽Ե֮أ뿪ˣĸһһȥȳҲô죿
ˣҶˣЩȻûж⡢ֻ⣬ҲܱСúͶһҡ
ֻСÿеүү
һ£ţԺͤµӣȻһ翴ȥΪ򵥣ȴ͸һɴӹɢš㡣
ƺݡݡ
о˼ţ˾
硢硣ӲԶһ°ͤͤϸ峾סմ֮ȴִһɿɰоļŮЦ
ôȽƺһһҪıĸо
棬һλ¡΢ЦŮӡ
˲䣬信ݡƺЦӣǷһ߼ΪůЦ⣬侲ĿҲͣϢ崺㡣
á΢ЦǵǼкꯡ
£Ůӵͷ̬Ϊº̡ͣ
үŮ΢΢׽
磬֪涼ˣһĹء峾׵Ů߽εкǸȤҲǵСŮ濡
ո֪ͷº͵
Ĵ۾գգָܷܷ꯼ҡš˿Ц磬սƽݶȫҪȥ迴
˵Ǿĳǳأһ֡
վţû߽Ŀ΢ɬܵһ
һһ뵽Լݣ΢ĵӣǡĹĽǸȥ
ʦһǱҪʺھݣοȥĳǡ
СЩʧȴûټ֡
иˣһ¼ᶨٵȵȣʱһ㽫޶߿
ĸ׾ȳһҲֿһޡ
ư
š濵ףɫΣ˿ûл꯻᲻
˼䣬࣬˫ֱȭ΢΢һ̣濶ͶһҵİΣ꯶лˡ
Щʱ䶼ʦҪ˱úͶһң֪ᷢʲô¡
ոջûúõл
ҡ
үɷˡæ˹ȥ˵Сҵȵְ򲻿ˡ
Ȼˣеǻ
濶еүүl
ΪʲôѾȥ˱ã
쳣𾴣Ϊ
Ϊʲô˺ã
˶ꡢ̽˶⣬ǵò𰸡
̣㻹ô壬ɰ˵
Цҡҡͷû˵ʲôȴ˿
үжɣȴͱˡ̫ǿƵӣǵ㵽Ϊֹ̽治֪סá

ӵоΪѪȴֻСطǲ֪ʱͷ

ͬʱͥʱ̿žݵҲһ𶯡
գʮӰһ
ĹǼ£ĺܺãҲǺܴ
嵮˶˽ͣҵȴûô࣡ҵ֮
øһˣ
ΪݣĹֽ֮һҵȻҪʷ᲻Ӱ쵽
˵Ҳǣҵ̽ӰĿģ֪ôأ
Ǿ͵һʱ䣬ôǶ벻Ҳһʱ
ͬ
ͬ

֮⣬Ϊͳ´ﵽԪ֮ǿߣһһ˵ĸĿ࿴
Ĺ壬֮ûںģںġģǽĹܴﵽĿЧӶֳġֶΡ
֮УʵΪҪʵ֮⣬ǻֶͬҪ
ܻڵϹŶǿǣе̳

ĹһֵķзĿеЧѾȫﵽ
ѾھݰյСһӡ
ֻҪߵĲϴ߷Ӿͻᷢѿɳʹվѣվڵߡ

һ½ɰ֮󣬵ûжܣΪĸĸ׼
磬˸弶磬˲š
̸Ҳյ˽⡢ǶԹԱǡ
գۣʱȥΪ֮ʿһ𽥹ȥ
һΣ˺ܴĴۣʮ˵ūݡ
ٶλϷַ£̻˵ں
Ҳֻðյõ棬סԼıҲߵ˵õı䡣
ʮ꣬ա
Уͷ΢ʶȥСһ硣
ҪǣһΪе߼硣
ȵһˡ
һ´󣬵ʼȴ
볯ʮ֮⡢һɱڵǧ˴ӪУɫ΢һϲɫ㻮ָֻ˲
żڽ£Ҫչء
ǡ
һۡУΤȵȵˣĿⷢʼá
Ⱥʮ죬УʮλƷԱ˱չ֮У񽻽ӡ
ʮա
µһУǧվֵĵ
񡣡ƽûж˵ʲôӶҫǧʧ
ĿһڴУ
С硢ڳĳӣѾȥǸ߼磬ǳͿԼˡ



359 ʮˡɱ
ֹЩСĳӣд̵ļλӡ
ưܡ׿ˣȥˡ
ѾܲܰյõֻܿԼ˭Ҳﲻˡ
˭˭Ҳ֪
߼磬ǿܵ׼ʥڰ˲εǿߡ
ڽǿĶλ׼ʥڶεǿ˵Ҳ߱һΣա
һλܶ̾Ϣ
ˣΣա
Ǳ֮٣ȥǿԱǧ˾󲿷
ҪǷɱ䣬ǿ;ܽȥٳʱ䣬˲ԼƴҲǿ˶١
ң߼磬ҲƵģ˵Դޡ
ĲܵԪ֮߼ǿԴﵽ׼ʥڰ˲Σﵽε˾Բܶࡣ
ȥʵʲô߼εƣἯϡ
ǰˣͳɳ˶١
˴νǧ˽߼磬ܽ׼ʥģҲԲࡣ
ɳ˭ֻܴܿơƴ

̣ʮλƷĹԱԴ˵΢
Укüλ´ĹԱҲӰ첻һƽ糣
һߴһϢǿţ̰ʳ֮
ӴѾﵽʮǧɡ
ﵽزÿǰһЩǼ򵥵ġ
֮ڣ񻹴ʵͻͽĵز֮⣬Ѿʣ֮
ΨһǵģһĹ硣
ΪĹ磬ʹﵽ߼۷弫ޣһЩ
ͻƺƺ߷ĳЩҲķɱ䣬˼
ȻٶȲ죬ȽڵԡҲ֮ϲ
Ͼһﵽ˼磬һ̶˵൱ھʮеĲΡ
ȻֻģȴҲдã֮䱾ĴڣҲü
ͱʮ֮һĴء
ˣҲڼǰ׼Сһεƿء
Ҫɳɣҵʹﵽһ̶ȣֻû֮ء
ʮǳ죬Ҳֻռȥһ־Ĺ磬伫
˲֪Ҫãô̫Ĺ磬֮֮⣬ǿ
ֻʹǿҲڱС
ȽСЩ硣
Ĳ⡣
̾и⡢ĵԼ͡

ǣһ糣Уĵȴ
һ졢һ¡ꡢһ꣬һ롣
ڣʮʮһգĿһӰҫ䣬һǧС
ҫ䣬һӰǰ
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˫вײһ˿̾Ϣ˸Уվʮλ
СĳӣһʮλĹĳӣ̵ʮλڴƷһʮλ
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׼Ҳ̲סЩʧ
μʮ˺ȻЩ
ԵһңǶԣȴʮʱ䡣
֣Щء
ʮɫһЩأʱЩ˸С
ȥʮ˶ǰͬŻѣʮ䣬Ǹ߼У˶ȥ˲١
û޶ԡ
߹£ȥģ˫ֲ֪סȭӿɱЩƲס
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ʣµ佫Уֻʮˡ
𡢺š塢ѦʹĳǶơưܡڡ˳١
ȥ׿ɡݼ̹⡢κͨնҧʮλ󽫡
ʣµĳʮλ
ΤͳڼޡžΡ¹ᡢ޼ɡ䡢ޡ
ȥģϷ־šǡξӡӡʮˡ
˻ţ֣͡Ըߡء̫һӵīԽԬ
ʮ˵˫ۡ
ǹʵعϲãѾûˣһλ⡣
Ϸ־Ŷȥˣ
˿⣬գ۱㱻ѹ
һΣǻôϷ־ŵҲһǻѡȥ
˵ΪʲôȲصҪԭ
߼ǿĹ˿׼ʥڰ˲εǿߣֹһλ
ǽȥĿʼûʲôȻ٣ʵҲȴҲעĿ
ԽԽǿɱġ߼еǿǿĻᡣ
ԽǿԽпᡣ
ѡʱѾеĵˡﵽ޿ɽĵز
̫ˣһ룬ȥҲ̫٣׵ҪǸ˲š
Բѡ˳
仰˵ǲǳɹǱ˱ƵĲò
áܺá˫ָӿŭޱȡ
ܣʮ˶ʱٴ¹
ӡ
ÿһˣ콾˽ܣϲˡ
ʵҲȷˣһ̶˵Ҳȷʧˡ
ܵúܲʡ
ΪߵţܳưǸ߼硣
ֻǵʱʣأ
ǳֻۣܲʧܡ
ȸһȥ𡣡˫Ŀâ˸
Եȥ֮ɱһô䡢ӿ
ƽһδ³
ǡʮ˶ʱҲ¶ɱ˿ȵ
ΪȥͬżˣҲΪԼ
ʮǴʱ䶼ڱѹƵĹжȹģܲŭ
Ӷ䣬ʮʧ



360 ˵ʵ仯
һ̣ʮˣ߼С
䣡
ڴʱ硢ÿһ䶼ڲƺӭɲ˵Ĵڣһֱܵķ
ⷽһЩǿ߶ʱɫ΢䣬һЩд
ѵЩ֮ˣ
һ֮ˣȻأǾץסǡʳͨĺá
ǡڷһ㣡
֮𣿡


ټ߼УһλλǿĴ̧ͷ졣
ڰ˴ϳϿգ˫ָ󣬰գⷽ䱾ܵļɵ֮⣬˿ûᡣ
ҲΪûԼϢԭ
ɱ˫лۣԽԽŨ
Ϸ־ʧܵĵط֮һʱҲ
Ͼһ߼۷磬Ҳûⷽռ̫ءӰ
֮֮ΪеҲһʱҲ֮ڡ
ż
һݷáĮؿ˵Ųǰȥ
ɱڣٸϡ
ʱ
ǿ֮һ콭ĴֱӰȫ
ĸʱ
ǿ֮һ׵۹ʵԼ׳߲͢ӵܣĴ֣һȫ

̶ʱ䣬ⷽ߼۷磬ӭһֲпѪϴ
ǿȫ𣬼λǿߡûһλӵõ
循塣
ͬʱΪ̵ͥһּٶȡһ
߼Уʮʱ䣬ŷص
˴ɵɱ¾˿֮ʱ
׼ʥڰ˲εģɱλ߲εɱλĲεεģɱʮһλ
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ЩԸͶģҲûзŹ
ɱЩǿߣʣµľͲٲٶˡ
ҵŰʮж齨ͥͳ磬ҲĹࡣ
ҲƾŴͥӰҵ˴˷֮š
죬û飬ȫƽϢеŭ
ΣϷ־ŵ˵Ӱ쵽
ƽϢеŭſʼȫŰεջ
ʣµİʮУʮĳɳɱ󲿷ֶѾﵽһļޣǰһǷǳѡ
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жưܡڡ˳١ޡ¹ᡢ޼ɡ䡢ޡīʮˡ
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ﵽ׼ʥġεģѦʹĳǶơΤͳڼžΡ֣͡Ըߡء̫һԽԬʮˡ
ﵽ׼ʥεģš塢ˡ
ǿﵽ׼ʥ߲Ρ
ȻⲢǸԵǱޣֻǻͬ
Ĺ˵ⷽ߼УɳȻû佫õģ˭ǵĵйأ߼Ļǵĵߡ
а߼ĻȻʺ
ɱ
ɱԽԽǿ
һ˦ˣﵽ׼ʥ߲εĵز
ʮ⣬жʮλ׼ʥǿߡ
ʮλǵеѧӣʮȥɳﵽ׼ʥһεεĵز
λǰⷽ߼ģĲõģҲ׼ʥһεεĵز
׼ʥµľǿߣĽǧѧӣŲһˣʮһ
һˣﵽ˽ϵĲΡ
ɵһεģаʮңǷ֮ˣаʮҡ
ɵĲεεģʮңǷģʮҡ
ɵ߲㵽ھŲεģңǷģҡ
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޽ɵĲεεģǧңǷʮλ
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ʧȽ϶ԣѾϺܺãϾϵǿߣô״ﵽģֻһ߼۷硣
Ҫǽ֮ǰ͸ӦĹЩԴԼϰǵĿ࣬뻹Ҫһ롣
硢弶ģ㹻ȫƶˡ
֮



361 ˲ͬ
գۼ䣬̶µʱţʮƽĹȥһ糣
Ҳмˣо˿˿Ķʲôڰзһϸȥ鿴һС
ʮһʮգϦոչȥ

ϸ˴̸ҲǶȥһܽᣬЩˡ
ʱ󣬴½
Ҫʱƽؿˣﻹһ£Ҳɡ
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Ŀʶͬʱɨ˹ȥֻգۼ䣬˵ɫʱø
ݣ˫۵ͫһ߿ٿţһȡ̾Ϣԥȵȸӵ
óˣ
ȥֹ
ˣǶѾüͷ߿˼ɫ֮ǳŨԽԡ
տ֮ûһ˵ԥ̾ϢǿȨס
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ΪסʱĬȸһȻؿ
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˲䣬ȸ˫۵ɴֱֱĿŵϿûЩ

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𺦸ģˣǴ̣ùԱԴ̡¡
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ߣȥƻ򣬷ֺգ
ǰðٹ֪˶ͬ˷ҲˣԾ
Ҳ˭ᷴüң

ͬʱ߳ˣҲĬķΪ·
źԼǱ潻鲻÷ٹ˲˶٣뿪Ĭһκ󣬾ͳص
Ѿ¶ˣźһ䣬˵ոӳء
һ÷Щԥ̾Ϣ̫֮󣬴һһС



362 ڹݵľ
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У÷ıֺʱǶˡӵҾڴ˻ȴǺǶ˸Ӽꡣ
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363 ֮
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ź÷ԼˣʼпʼЩ׼
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򡢿أݽÿһʱڣԱλã⡢ǡ
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һλ࣬ҵ־֮ʿĻᣡ
һɺҴ̶ߡ汾ȥ򣡡


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дԿЦкκкζҡ̹ŲҡֱָΣͻƵ׼ʥ󣬱㱻Ϊ´֮һ
һʼһĻٶķˣҲ׼
෴˷ܡж־ʱλá˭ܱʣ
ʲôڹ˿塣
οǰϷûбʾɫĮûκκɫߣԳ͢ԥǳأڷйԱ
ԽˣΥƣȱĺڣ
дԽӿЦҴߵһֱͼǰ۽ˣӲԼȱ㣬ԥݾжٴաǲ֪ģ
ǳУж֪ģ
ҷͬţΪұһԱֻѰԼȱҪĽ



364 
ÿһλͬԼȱλˣֲģ
ѰȱԸƣȱֻˡ
û뵽дȴӣдΪڳͬźȱеǰ㣿Ȼֵƣ·Ƿߡ
һɺԡɫһ䣬ŭݸңѰȱԸƲ֪ǶԵģ
ض֮£ش˵ǶԵģǶԵ
δҲ̫ԴˣֽҴ̷˺δеż
κʩǰԲܱ֤ȷ˾ͷһµߣĿ罣ɽɨˣᶨ˵֮ߣ˵һȷƾ
˵
ȴǸõͬǰۣȱ㣬һ顢
Ҵ̡׳壬ڳ˵ĿꡢԸ
ҵȱ㣬˵
Ϊ˲ȱ֮࣬˽֪㲻ܱ֤ȷĽȴһ𶯣Ⱥֱ׳
ȱ֮࣬˾˵ڴ𶯡Ⱥ޻̸֮
𶯣ܴȺǲȴ˿õ˵
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һ˫˫Ŀ⺬żĿ˵Щʲô
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ԱϮ棬˭ȷһĹ֮ܳ
ƶȣ͸÷ϳ
һ˲á
˭û뵽ǿӲֱ˵ϳԱϮ档
˶ˣΪûֱǿӲ
࣬治
ն
˾ڳϵ
ն


һ̣Ⱥ鼤ܣλԱȻվ˳Ŀŭ
佫󲿷ֲƵĿ
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ڶΪ¶𶯵Ǿ͸˵ܶԱֻԼûд̣˲߾͸Ҫʩˡ˫ƽȥȻ˵
ٴյɣ˭


365 һ
ûǼٴգοʼ˵Ĳࡣ
˵Ǹ˲ԱҲԼ˽ġ
ܵʧôܲŭ
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ԥôǳصĻȵȡ
һγᣬٱһʱ䣬Ŵ½
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һ

ź÷߳ĿЩӡ
ԥҪˣ÷Զգ˵˾䣬ȥ
źĿһۣʲôû˵ȥ
⼴ĳ͢УԼϵУǸͲˡ
ͬΪ塢ƺһı˴ˡ
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˵᲻һ̾͸ı⡣
߳ɫᶨȣһƺҪһǰķâ
·˵ǵ·̵·Ҫʽˣ
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һϢ˷ȥ𶯣ԥ𶯣𶯡
ա
һݴȥ
ټв֮˻۳ǣѡȡԱ



366 ź
ϢһΪ֮ӿ
Ա
ֵӰ̫һ̶˵ͬڹ塣
֮壬ûжٸܹġ
Ϊ𶯵ģϢУûнֹʲô˲ܲμӡ
ôһ̶Ҳ˵ڵļӵܣǰȥμӡ
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͢ԼˣܸԼӵܶһЩ·˭Ը⣿
һʱ䣬ڣݸԼɢв֮ʿ׷׼ǰ衣
ȻϢҲȷˣǽɼǿ߲ſɡ
ԥݾڡ
һ˲ԽԽ󣬼ÿһǳ֮У˸ֲͬ
ԥݾÿһλԣⶼڳǵȨָǵ档
ظˣЩȻǲ
Щǳ֮УЩҡ
Դˣá
Ȼǵв֮ϡȴûвȵ
ǵΪֲĺôû˸ҷ͢Ϊ֪Ǳ֮·Ǿȫ
ݿʼΪУԳ󣬼йԱ˼Ϊæ֮С
ıƣĲʽ˵ףи񡢸ޱȵ鷳
¹滮ԥݴأĲʽĵ򣬾Ǽ鷳
񲿺͹ϣԱɳǣϸԥݵĵ
ʼڶԱƷԼΪټԱ׼ȵȡ
̲άЩҵľ棬ͬʱʼıһЩ̷Ͼʽһ̷ܶҲҪı䡣
񲿡ͬԼ顣
ϣټ˧ڶڳʼǳصشΪؽѡ׼
ҲǷæӲѡ
ΪδйĴı׼
ѾΪд򣬸͸æһš
ͬͽ̳õΤڼͳˣƺȻ֮䣬ʼðͷ
θ´ְλǣԭΪ͵ҪǰʱַµְλճǼû֪
ʱһӾϵĺãΪǸı価ľһĵ⡣

ҲΪֲڸ˰жȻæµЩİΪ˳
Ȼ˻ȫԸ򲻵ѵ̬ȣҲҪԭ

æµ֮УҲһֹ壬ʼȫԸΪ֮λܶ
˰Ѿ߰ٶλʣµ֮λͼΪˣƸĸһ
ǿƺѾΨһܹǧ˥ĳ·
ҹźС
ص鷿źԶ
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̾˿ȥϵ֣ǰʵһԥܸһ
ޣźɫ΢ֵ࣬˵¾Ϊ
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֣йΪһ뷨ֻΪԭ򡢳ٳٶδ
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źɫ䣬Ƭ̷Щ̾Ϣ֡ʵҲдⰡ
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˶ΪȲҲ˶١
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ûл⻰ʵԣֻǻ̲ס𺳡
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ҲЩ裬Ȼ뵽̽飬ȴû뵽
ˣ
֣Ҵ̳˶˽ܣ˵ӦǸ˵ģ̲סٴ̾ϢһΡ



367 Ա趨
ֲˣ֮飬Ҳͬźֿڵ
ҡҡͷε֣͢˲żüãҿġ
ԡǰ֣̾ξǣ
˵Ĵڣ̾ףڵԼ͢Ҫԣ½
ܱˡܵõΡ
ԣԭܾᶨŵ˼Ҳ˶ҡ
źƺҲԥţβŵ֮ԣСҲ֪Ǻã㣬ա÷ֺúһ
üͷ΢ЩεصͷҲá
һЩ޹ؽҪ飬ȥ
źɫʱüΪء衣
ϼһﵽ״ʲô⣿
ҾżҸһ
Ҿżҷ
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żҡҿȥӪһģʵֻٲֵӪ
󲿷ʱ򣬱˴˹ϵղȻȫȻŶûлش⡣
һ˼֮˭

һߣصеĶɫòһҲûΪ˶ĵӡ
ź÷
ĬĬ֣Լļƻ

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ֻԸо̾ʵƺͻȻ֮ǿࡣ

æµУ׼һƣаԽԽľסᡣ
ɳĸǳѡƷ⣬ͳ٣ְȷ
ȵȵ⣬ֻһС⣬ʵ󶼻ܴӰ档
٣ò³󽫾ۣԱᡣ
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ܶʱǵԿڣ䶨
һҵĸֹ滮ڣʮһյĳϡ
ֹ滮ɣܽᡣ
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һΪƷ岿ΪةƷƹʮǡ
¹ԱƷ˾ʮλƷ̶ʮλƹԱʮλ



368 Ĳս
һԱǧʮλᡣ
£趨ĹԱãģд
ҪĹԱʵ̫ˣ
һҪλĹԱԥݽҪΪ²ҲٶǼʮһǼĹԱ
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йԱĿȥǰ˫ָȥһߣǵͼȦһط˵ԺɽΪģȡΪһǧǳأֻ轨һǳؼɡ
УϽʮֱΪԭֿԭ
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ΪȡԱ֮¡Ѷ±׼ᡣ÷վ

ǣƷƣΪɡ޽ȫ廮ֲΣԴȷԱ÷Ȼ˵
˾󲿷˵ĺ棬Ϊɡ޽ɻֲΣлûгֹ˵ʹУҲûеõ㷺ĳϹ
Ϸ÷߽ԻΪŸΣһΪȣġ塢ΪеȣߡˡΪߵȣֱӦƷƷԱ
޽֮ϣ׼ʥǻΪ˸ΣһΪȣġ塢ΪеȣߡΪߵȡ
᣿
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ҲֻдֵԪ֮ΪĴڣܻ׼ʥΣŷֲС
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ʵﲻʹйͣҲС
ܵ˼ԼʵûдﵽǸ׼
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ǰû׼ȷĻֻ֣֪ŵģ򡢳֮ļ˧ͲһεģǿУȴ̫ԡ
ʱ׼ȷĻ֣˵ʵϾ˴µĲ²⡣
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󣬱ȸɡźˣվһЩ趨滮
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ҪĴڡȱٳǳءһһȵȡ
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شһЩ鶼ϣɵ׼ʵ
񲿡鲿貿Ĳ
񲿸ս£ָӸ
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ĹȻвٲģ˵
Դƣ˭Ҳˡ
Ĳǳ׷롣
˵ĲְΪ򵥣ڳûб
ױĲµְ
񲿡Ĳ֮ףЭսʱǲָӴսȫ֮ϡ
ΪְҲǾ񣬾񲿾Ǿġ
ķɣСִһ壬ҲǼලǿֶΡ
鲿鱨ţòض˵
貿֮أӵıԴȵȶС
ɡ糣
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ᡣ
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ȻµĴ֮ǰࡣ
ʵϣ齨ѡ
֮⻹˧˧֧սҪǧ˰ɣɽɡ޽ɣ׼ʥǿߡ
ԥУʤ㣬Щ䣿
ȡĻԴ̲޺ô̵ĲѹҲǼ
顣ȸüͷ壬վ˳˵һߡ
˵
ս֮룬Ҵѹ̫󣬻˼ȸȻ
ȸɴ֪ٿ۵ĬվҴµʮǳ죬ԼأϷķ߾
˲֮ߡ
ȸɵһЩǿɲֻ֪֪һЩ
Ҫˣѹ
ң˵صġ
ţȸɵѹ˷ԡ
Ǳȸðʧˡȸ΢΢һ˻ȥ
û˵ʲôʵϣʼҲǷԵġ



369 ְ˰֮ȫ
õʾȻʵǿ
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Ǵʵ齨սԱ£ף˲ȡ
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صģô齨ս֮£ѹҲͲô
ˣʵȻϲּ
ûзԣٴοڣɡ
ǡ񣬽³䶨
˶٣Ǵһ٣ɢء
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һؽΪƷͳʮ
һؽΪƷͳ
һؽΪƷͳ
صطǱԥڳǳУһҪһٶʮǧؾ
һ£ڳȴûжӦ
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յķ߾һ㲻С
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ͣϢƽĲ֮⣬½齨һǼ࣬ݣء
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ɫĮһ㣬
ڹĿ⾪ȣһλǿߣ
١ݵ̾һλ׼ʥеȲεǿߣ
μߵǰʮɣ
ΪǼƷ齨Ǽ࣬ݡ˿䡢Ȼϵ
л˫ϥءǼᶨ
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سγڳ֮ϣͲԣֻԴƷ𲽡
ȻѾǿˣ൱´
ԬһЩ˾ȣٴε
⣬ٴ߽һӰ
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Ϊ˾ัƷɵ
лԬ£֣Ӧ
ڵ£һߡһԣȭһ
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͵һɣڹٿʼȥΪӡ
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۷׷Уڹɢȥ
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ڶ졣
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ͬˣæѡ
С
١ƹ³˽񲿣ξ񲿴
ʼԥݸǴԼ齨ս
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ξ
齨Ͼ񲿣齨ս
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˶飬ټ˧£ǿѹȥ
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ȥɡ֡
ˡĿ졢ȥĸ졣
ڰְ԰Ϊ˽⣬ֱӽӼɡ
һ£·վӰ֣͡Ըߡ
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齨޵£֣齨޶ڡ̾ڣԸ齨⡢֮⣬ΪƷ
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Ŀģ˼Ƭ̣Ϳʼ
һΣ˵ǽиȫƣ½
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ҲоԸԼѹ

У;ԥݴأʼ
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һ۵ǵˣԽԽ֮࣬ڽӵٶȻӡ
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Ŵ̳͢ҶЩҲ۷׷ף̵ĸı䡣
ʱ´ڵʮꡢһգʽѡȡԱ
ݷΪ߿ƣơһƣһμһƣҲȫμӡ
ʱͳһԡ¼ȡ
Ȼûмģʽǰ֮ˣвŵˣҲʼѧϰ֪ʶ
ֻ֪ʵﵽ˱׼ûΪ֮ŵˣҲൣģʼͷѧϰ
ǵľ磬ѧϰЩԸԭʵڲϲģ򲢲ѡ
ֻǿȲһ
ǶѾ֪̳͢Աǳ࣬͸ˡ
ЩԾݸءԼڶӵ֮ܵ⣬иǳ֣Ҳʼǰ裬һʽΪ̵ĹԱ
æµУֿʼַһλλµ
ǸԸʧȥϮȨĴ塣
һ潻ףȫǡ
һγ󣬶̶ĸʱ䣬ʣµʮλȫַϡ
˰֮ٴȫ



370 ߲㡢߿ƿ
˰֮ȫ֮λĿ⣬
Ȼ˵Ͳٷַ֮λֻҪлأͿԼַ⡣
ֻ֣һֱ⣬˵Щʲô
Ҫǣ˰֮󣬴̳͢Уķ߾Ƭء
ǵˣջش٣Ǻ·ؼ٣ڴ˰˰֮ķ߾ʣƬء
ʱ̾ͿԹ˳ռЩء
˰֮Ѿ룬ʣµȻǴ̵ˡ
ɫ񲿾ͽķ߾أԻΪ˰˸򣬹ʮܹ൱һݵ֮һҡ
ɴˣҪĹԱؾٴ˽֮һ
ڰ˰֮ȫʣµҲѻΪʮ֮£ź÷λԼõˣȴǵûһ㣬ʲôû˵
ַַʮλ壬Ĺ١Ƴһͬߣ˫ֿôһЩڳ˲λá
´һЩ
žдΤλдε̲дᵣд򣬳¹̲д򣬳޼ɵιд
䡢޵λ´´
˴ʱҲ˲Щˡ
ĸѵؼ֮ʱٴηַ̳Ĺʵ˿õơ
ǣ˭Ҳ˵ĻϾʵ
ˣЩѹ⣬ʮһȫռ˴̸λ
߲㣬ҲΪӡ
λ򲻱˵ʮλдžд
تΤλд
ᵣд
Ρ޼ɵιд
Ρ¹̲д
١Ȼ뵣д
ʮλ´򣬻Ű˸ְλûԱ
Ƿַٶλ󣬴ĹʵĺѾû㹻׼ʥǿˡ
ҲžôλҪԭ֮һ
ǵλƶһεıȻĪĺôٶһı졣
⣬ǵĴڡڸıӰһλһλԱ˼롣
ǵ
飬ǿ
ύԱѣɣȵȵȵȡ
һúڹٳ֮ϸˣǵȻ⣬Ҳ⡣
γһӴ֮󣬸ĸ֮£ͽ

æµУڼӿ죬ʮȥƺգۼ䡢͵˵ʮһա
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δԾݸˣԾǰĴ㳡۶ȥɫ϶ٴڴе಻
ʱһӰʮλԱӳǹ߳
Ȼֻʮˣɼϵǿߣȴ˿·硣
ٻӡӴλ÷Ӵ񲿴򣬴˴ξɱٶ˵٣λǰУΪҴ̾ҡȻִһº˵
˾ĬҶ˵ʲô
ҲûǶ˵ʲô÷
÷һͷڵ˴οȡԱΪ߿ƣ̡񡢾һһƣ˶У߽ԿɲμӣڰΪԡ
סȡСһӰţһס¼á
䣬÷תȭţ
ɻʱ
䣡
𣬹㳡ϡʮﳤĿռ䶸Ȼƺһ硣
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лиأ
ǴĹھһأǵڶˣ
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ӿڣ÷ʮ߽ͨ
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ʮ磬ǰǵ˽ȥǸ߼۷磬ʱΪʮ硣
лŵİʮ壬ȥϷ־ŵʮ塣
һ޼ʵƽ̨ϣѾ׼һŰһݿ
﷽ԲͨУӡ÷˴߳
˾;
Ȼһ磬ҲξԲ͡
һЩǿУǴ˵еĶ硣
Уһλ˳ߡͷڽ멣ʮɫ΢ƽ޲һȪ˫У˿֮̽⡣
ΣЩЦ⣬ָֻƽƺһн֮еĵݡš
һһŰԾдԼ⣬֣ʱǰȫʼ÷ȵ
£Ȼ˻ж
ͬʱо˿ȡǲЩڼªˣ
λҲ࿴˰ɣ
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һֻо굽ܵһѹȡ
µϣ䲻ڲΡΡ˿ҶһЩС˼ȫʧ
·һСᱻ֡
˴Ŀ⣬ȺΪ֮ʱڵζ
˿ֽ
Ŀ⣡
Ǽÿһ˶ԣǸ߸ϡ
ΪеһңŻǰμοԡ
ΪҪ֤һλۡĵҪ֮

壬޲羴
۰Ĺԣﵽ磬ȻȻܹ̳С
ҲΪʲôֳܹ˴󶯾Ҫԭ
ƾ׺öٶλԥĸλ
ֻ˵ˡ
Ȼݹճȫ˼ʱҲǳȫ˵
Ͼ˼ӵݣӵ˿ֲޱȵ
ǴģֻҪ̫̫ԣھ忴ҲǶԵġ
θĸô˳
˶ӽСˣҵ£ʼ⡣
ܿ죬ŵĿʼ⣬ҲüΪѡ
ӡ÷˾ţȻ࿼ֹ׵ΪҪǣӻҪġ
С
Ŀ΢һλϤӰ¶ЩЦ⡣
Ϣ
Ŀ΢һЩıչ
ͥ

δйѡȡԱԣʽʼ
¡ּ򵥡
¡Ǽ¶ͶĿ⣬Լ࿼ѡȡʽĿ⡣
̡˾ٰ죬ûʲô֮·ΪƽĶɹ
ֱơ
ƿԣֻ棬һΪʵΪ
ֻҪʵߣΪ
Ҫͳ˧ţҪǲйأ
ֻйأͳ֮
ƣλȫ֮ˡ
ʵ֮ǿп
ãٵȣȹ󡢱ϲãָ˿ٵǴ˧ȥ



371 ɽ˽
ǡһһλӦæȥ
̫ʦǲЩżˣԣƹü
³ۡû˵е𺳲ɢȥ
Ϊ˺ƺҪǿǡ
˽ܡȻ׸ٰڰЦ˼
ʱôλǾǿߣǾ֮⣿ߡǴ
ƹͶ˶ûٶ˵ʲô˽ܣ˵
ûٵ˼̫࣬˾ǰ
λˣ˱ȭ
λӢ۲ض񡣡æ֣̬ȼΪͰʵãο˻е˧š
лˡһ𿪿ڵ
λӢԸٿʵ
ºţԶʤݣǰ׷档ǿȥʮ꣬ʱִһȻȻӰȭ˵
ѦʹţݣҲǰ׷档һ˿ȥҲʮ꣬ĿһЩͶѪ֮
á˼ţûͣ١̾λӢǰ֪󣬱ضˣλӢȥΣ
ǣлˡšѦʹл
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šѦʹﵽеȲΡ
Ҳ㹻Ǹеϲˡ
˽Դźǰ
˼䣬Ϳڵλǰϲ֮ΪƷ齨ս
²߷͡
лŶ̹дΰݡ
Գ棬˵ĹλʽЧһɴ̵֮Ҳӳֵ˶ϡ
ţ̫ʦλҽˣۡ»¡١
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ҲѾȷӦþǴŵˣ򵥾ͷ٣Ҫ˵
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ÿһӣӦһΣҲǾɽֺ壬ÿһζһɽһʵǡ
Ӧ޽ɵľɽԭһֻǸߴɣ鷳ķѵĵر󣬱Ͼסһλ޽ɵԶ˽ɵĺãѾﵽ鱦Ρ
Ӧ׼ʥľɽˣֻƳһΪ˻һƷ鱦
һΣΪӦչԱ֮£ķ˲Դټ鱦εľɽһ鱦εľɽ
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޽ʮһң߰ٶʮǧʮˡ
ųһĻ졢򷸹ģҲ㹻ˡ
ȻкܶࡢҪһʱС
ֻҪΪ㹻ѧϰЩѣ༸ʮ͹ˡ
˽߲ٸԾɸѡεĺϸԱ
ڹְĲ֪ͬʶ̶ܳȵҪҲǲͬġ
˽һǧ֡
ٷΪϸֱӲ˵
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ֻдﵽ˸ζӦĺϸߣǺϸ񣬿̵ιְ
ϾͬʵεְλߵͲͬһ޽ɸߵԵһʷƹһ
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Խʮ󣬲Žп꣬ɸѡ˺ϸĹԱ

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١ݡȸɡӡź÷ˡ
ٵһվȵеˣԥӺ˧󡣡
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Щ˷ܵ
˶˵ȺʼЩƽٴվ˳һӣһɫĹĻУʾһ֣֮Ϊ߷ݰ񵥡
֮ͨ˵ȥȴְ
ûͨ˵ģ¡ԸٸһλᣬҴ̽ѧԺѧϰܣϸٵιְ
ϵÿһ˶У˴űǽе߽С
ѾѰԼ֡
ҹˣ
ôûң
ףǿǸֳ˾ڵλԹλ
ûңҪȥѧϰһˣ
һȫŵ׼ʥǿߣôûλ˽


ٵȥֳ
˷ߣȻҲʧߣҲû̫ʧ䡣
ʹûͨˣһλᣬǵľʵֻҪѧѡ
һҲױ֪ΪȻλҲڵλںšѦʹˡ
񵥵˼ܼ򵥣ȻǰʵͲܳɼеģոձгЩ˶ϡ
ǿĳɼȻעĿһ̶ϣȺšѦʹ
ǰ㳡֣˴űǽгˣֱ
ĹĲ߲㣬š
һӰƺڽ˴
μ
ٶ׼ʥǿߣҲѿʼֻоѹޱȣ̶㣬˿Ķнæ׷׸񣺡μ
񣡡Ӹ£ͷһСңȴ·ٶԨ



372 ͥڲ
л˵վȥԼλãʼһӰԼٶˣԴ߲Ŀ⡣
ȶҴ̵˽ܣպһΪڣ䵭ֳأȴ˿˿֮⡣
ʱٶ˸еѹֵͬʱѪ֮Увϼһ
ǡٶ
Ŀ¿ʼĿӰ߰˳ߣ֮š
ɵĲ̾ʮԸȥ
˲䣬еĿҲ˹ȥ桢͡ȵ
װ񡢾Ƶ
ֲûиһԭǶԽ
ٶĿ¶̽С
λѹвμӿȡ֮˵ĴڣȻ޶ԡ
߲Ҳ¶֮ɫμȫšΪҲֲô˵ʮȥĻ
ΨмӰжһĨϷζ
Ŀעӣ޾ɵĵݣ΢΢һл񰮣ԸȥһԡΪ
ͳڼɫɻ󲻽⡣
ãΪ´򡣡һĨȻ
л¡ΰݡ
ٶˣְλʮнȥȺ򡣡
ǡٶʧȴҲ޿ɺǵģԼԲ纫šѦʹһλְͬھƷ׼ʥеǿߵ졣
οԼٶˣȻô׾ͰŹְġ
ٶ˳˴ǳȥ
УǿȻѧԺ½Щѡ֮ˡǵһѧӣؾǺϸ񡣡
ǡӦʵ֮ǿˣǰȴֻһ´ѡ
ǲ⣬ǵͶš
ѧԺһʼ
ҲĿʼ
ֻͨһңŷ䣬һڡȫ䵽λΡٴ˵ȴǶˡ
ǡӦнȸС
ֻͨʮ򣬴ԼһңһڽЩͨˡȫ䵽ְβѣʵеǳӡ
һԱƷҪ̽顣
ڶԱ㣬ȻܶҪȱˣʱĸһЩʱٸĸһЩ
һĹԱ
ⶼǼ򵥵飬ҪϵصԱĳȵ
ѶȲԶ
ҲˣôسǽҪһһš
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漴ٹԱкֹкš
ʱ˺ܶ˵ĺøС
ͳڼ˿һۣûж˵ʲôȥ
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¶һĨЦ⣬ûĹؼ˼Ҫǵػũ˻ԯ껡ۡ桢
ҪôϵУҪôʵ㣬Ҫôá
˵ĵطͻи
ͥҲ⣬ȻͥУǺС桢ڿƷΧڵģġ
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ֻʵܱǿʢǶ㣬Ȱѿص÷ǳá

˼ǧ˼֮
⿴Ƽ򵥵飬򵥣
Ͼǣģʷγɵĸָӹϵһ㶼򵥡
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373 ˵ı
һʵǿ󣬲ƺΪʲôԭһٳ档
һϹЩѾ֪ԭ
ػһƺûʲôǣ˻һͥΪ̩һʦ͹һµУһΪǿ
У껡׽һ
Ңۡ˴۶Ҳһһȴ֪ʲôԭ쳣ĵ͵
Գһ
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˼ͥʽ³УܶܡƺҲܶԵϡ
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ǰ̡
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У˽ɵ֣ٶѡ֮˲˽ѧԺ֮£ٶͨϸ֮׼ȥ;
УҲٲ˺šѦʹ֣ʱһλ׼ʥеȲεǿߵ졣
ǵĳ֣Ϊδ̵ĿķþԽӡ
ҲЩμӿ˵ˣϿɡŬΪǿߵӰ
֣Ǹӷæʼٶͨ˵ĹԱ
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ΣǴ޽ɳǿߣͨ˼һǧλ
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ϾܽһһĹԱȫһӷȥһΣӰЧá
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Щ˵ȻԶǰһ밵׵Ǽ١
ҲǽλᣬǼˣš
У޵ҲȫԸİ¡



374 ÷ǡ
ѧԺɼĵ졢ʽѧ
ԺƷ߹١
ִͨ˵УһЩˣνʦ
ѧԺṹʱΪ򵥣ΪΣӽɳȵ޽ɸߵȣ̵Ȳһš

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һʮһ򣬼ϳΧԼһʮҡ
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سǳشలźһңؽ˰ٷ֮ʮҡ
ıҪĵһѾһ롣



375 
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ҹҲҪվסҵţΪЧҵʱ
÷֣򲻱ˡԪϳο


376 ơ
֮УǳŸָޱȵĹϵôĹĳӣҲУȻȻĽύҲɡ
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΢㶣ЩɻʣƺЩż
ѹɻ۰治ǿֹĻʮ֮ڣаաΪǧ޽ɣʮɡ
һٶȺܿˣһֻһص֡
ҲԼӿ졫
ţȥɡţȻ
ǡˣպһ˳

ǡ
ʱ䣬һ񣬾ѧԺ׼Σ
Ҳ⣬ľǴ£ûԥѾһʮһ֮׼˴룬漰
Ҳûʧ²򵥣ʱҲ̡̫
Ҫӿٶ𣿡ʵ
ѧԺĿȻһѧԺ
̵ѡٶˣҲֻһʼ
̵츳ˣʹָǿߡ˲ţѧԺĿꡣ
Ŀ껹֮أû̵δͻܵصơ
Ե½Ҳֻܰá
ʱ⣬Ҳ㣬ǿмӿٶȡԺûкô
ãճɡѧԺΪԺڲܼҲãԴʱá
ѯʽȣֻԼ㳯øֱӦÿʼʱ䡣
ǡ˿
°ɡ֡
ˡ
ȥ
̱ﲻ׾ģҪһͱʱԱͰնӦ
󶯾׾ҡ
ź˵뷨Ҳ뷨򲻿һֱȥ
վҪԽԸãҲȥ
߼۷硢ʮǳ죬ⶼҪҪȲεĹԱ
һЩҲҪġ
ʱ̶ȥ
Ա㡢㡢ٳⶼơ
֮һҸһλã
֮һȥվĵϳˡ
Ҹһλãȥ߼ǳ죬⿴ƺá
ȥжȥĻƷڣ˭һ㣬þɹʧ
ɹһѾٴѹˡ
Ҳ˷˲š
µĻ˵ڻʡ
ʷ̨ʷְ̨ǼලԱԱ㣬ҲЩӦ¹ǡǵȱ㡣
ǳòȣֻҪʱȥӦʱֻӻңҲһƣڻҪ಻ˡ
˼һᣬ˾
ӡ˫ϢƺüӲࡣ
ǡ
ãǰ󡢵ڵʮǳңԸǰȥ
ûйĨǣֱӽ˳˼ǳȷ
ȻҲ򣬵ź˲ͬӵܡ
һкܶ಻ͬҪ˼ɡƽĶࡣ
һ㶣вЩʧ;ɣǺܿһһӴᡣ
ãҪˡЩ
æ
׼ɡ˵
ǣˡӹȥ
ֳһᣬͼƺ¡
ʮһգ糣С
һЩ±󣬻վʮǳƻң岻Ҵ̣αǰȥ
䣬ʱһƬɵĿ⡣
ֻݡȸɶ˻ƽҲ¶Щ̾Ϣ֮⡣
ϷĬϢ˾ȵĿе׼ʮǳһԹܣЭ㡣
ǣһ
£֮һְ˿ȱƼ̲Ҵдšɽڳ
ʱȸŨˣ
˶üͷǡ
ɫ䣬ƺ֪Ρ
ڡ



377 ƽ⡢
ĵһְԹʵ
Ⱥ𾪣⻰˼ͼεˡ
˼׾ͻһλ򣬻ǽ볯ʱ䲢೤Σɲǲ𾪡
ЩʵĴ󳼣Ǿȣﵽǰز
һ˫˫Ŀ絶һ㣬˷ΣζС
ͦΣȥʮҵء˱ܸеŷʣݲȣ˿˿ġ
ãһְӶƷûԥֱ
δΰݣ˲䣬ӵϵĴǿҡ
ޣ̲дһְٴοڡ
վΰݡ
û⣬һȡ
ʮǵһĹԱ䶯
ף˴ֲЩŵ˼к塣
ѵҪ䣡
ٹԱüѡ
ҪȻһվ˳
ǵӰһ
÷ɫһ뵽ʲô
ѵ
ڡ
źƽ򣬿賤ʱչأȥ̲һְ
䣡
󲿷кȻ𶯣ٳٶۣҲ̳ϣҪһɾ޴ˡ
һְ仯Ǿźǹ٣ǿƽʮ߲㣬ٴ˾޴
÷̾Ϣ״Ѿ
ûȥΪһ̶϶ԣʵǴ⣬
޳ֻˡ
ǶȻˣȴҲû̫ˣǸ֮⡣
ƺ·𶯣ͣһµŴȻҪչأҲǹ١
µһ磬ŴƷλȥء
źɫ֣Щΰݡ
÷źɫһǾͷ
п˼еĺ壬ǾͷŶƷλҲ˵Ȼţźлػسá
һʱҲ֪ϲǣӸˡ
̲һְӶƷڣƽУϵĲɡ
üͷһվΰݵ
֮ǳᷢģô졢ͻȻ֮ˣҲϡ
ڳѾЩľˣµ̲򣬵Ҳܽܡ
Ͼ̵ľޱ䣬Ǵһġ
䣬д򡣡ٴ
վ˳
˳Į֣𣬵Ӱȥ
ʹ
ڳ񣬷׷׻Ÿ˼뿪ڴ֮⣬ˡ
صġġѯʵģ߲ʮô֡

뿪ڳߣȸ
ֳȥźȥҺ;ɹȥһˣˣҲƽһЩȸ̾
ӽҪжȥһ£Ⱦ֪ûзԡҲ޷ԡԲˡ
кô顣
һͷȻźһȥɹͷ߾ʣ÷ˣЩɹҲἯᵽߡ
Խǿ󣬵ɹŽһҲ˿
Ҷ˴еͣҴƽˣ
˵ꡢֻ̾Щίֳ;źˣ
Ҳίھź˵лֳͬ;ɹһܽܣҿ˼ʮǳǸҪȫ
Ǵ֮ʱδûطĻᡣȸһҡͷɫ˵
ĬĬͷû˵ʲô

һߡ
ΤΣͳ¹䡢ޡ޼ɣҲԳȺʲô
ھɹ忴һģʵҲǸиȦӡ
ͬʱҲȻи˼
ǵĿ궼ʹ̸ʢǿ󣬵ŬʵĿĹУҲǲԼ˼ʽȵȡ
ʱԭͳ¹һģڼȺռϷ硣
¼ڼӲ׽ύͳְ˾Уʵˡ
Ͼһ֮
ڣһģԽﶼѹȥ
һռ֮λ⡣
Ҫ˵ˣ¹ǿ϶ģҪ˵ûһС˼Ҳǲܵġ
Ŭ֮⡣
𶯣⡣
÷˽֣Ȼᡢóһ̶±ƽ
ûǳΪһλлλҴţɹһҲܽܡ
Ϊѡź̲һְڴʱԣȹ񲿴ְҪ
ϣҲոıһЩ
ȱҲУ̫죬λ̫ͻȻĸ𶯡
ֻȨȡᣬЩȱ㻹ơܷΧڡ
ʵΤθʸһЩҲʲô˽ҲһЩʱλʱ
ҪΪΤ˾û˽ȱ㣬ǲܵġ
ˣû⡣
ֻȽǵĲܣǵȱ˽ģܿƺܰˡ
ƽ⣬ҲҷһЩֻеʱţԱͰӦԼȺϢˡ
̳ó𶯡֪ʱƽϢʱ
ԺĶԣǿ󵽲˼顢޵а֮УҲһˡ
֣һԣϸ۲ΰԣ־壬κѣ·󣬹Ա㡣
֮һչ֮ʱͥѴƽ֮ڡ
Ψд̣ʢ֮·֡˸߲ţѣ˼˷ʱ

ΥͥأִԲӣǵõ
ڴȰ˵ֻ֣𣿡
ԭףֻδȷˡ
ѳ澳ݹնͥ
ͥǲӰƽ⣬Ծ巢չˣʹҵȼ̣ҲӰʲôȻްˡ
λһΪ壬᲻ҵȼ̡壿

һ֮£ΪأҲȷкܶͬΪƴ

ãһͬǰȥһǳɫֳۣһѶëȣЦĶһ˵
˿һȥ
У˼ŸղŵϸڣͶԷӦɵӰ죬ܴ˳ȥȵ顣
Σ΢̾˿Щ
ͥˣλ׼ʥȡʮλ޽ɴӦʮλ׼ʥȡʮλ޽ɶԥ
ȻӦˡӰˣǾٶЩ
ȻҲ֪¼
һصأ򡡢ȴֲոձչأ߲ͥԼ̬ˡ
ǿܲµһЩѡֻ۱ֻۡ
޳ɲԡ
ԣѵõĺϾչж



378 
ûѡȥȰ˵澳֮ǿЩˣҲ׼ʥߵȲεǿߣΪ֪⼸ܡ
ǵﶼǸĵϵ£ǲ֪ˣȥ
׼ʥеȵǿߣͬûȥӴȰ˵ȲεǿߣҲ࣬ô׼̵ġ
ֻе̵˶ˣγһɴƣаո׵Ȱǵǿߡ
صԼصסĬĬ˼š
ȰˣѾ㹻γһŲСϾ޵ģֶǸ£ÿ˵Ĺϵܴ
ЩΪȱڣδزܼӿٶȡ
ҲҪСЩͥҲͳֹˣÿһʱ䡢ͳȥһˡ
нţ˼Ĺϵÿһ˵Ĺϵ
Ȱ˼̲ô򵥵飬Ҷ԰취ˡ°빦Ҳ԰취±롣
Ҷ԰취ˡ
ŲմصæµУĸʱȥЩʱղֹæµȰˡҲԽæµ
Щ˱˵ģȥȰ˵ˡ
ǵѣҲǵȵȡ
ʱ˼̵ϢഫؽϵȦӡ
ܶԴͬͬ⣬Ŀⶼ
ҲͬˣҲûֹ
Щ쳣£Ѿʱ䣬Ŀ£ֹͣж
ټͬˣһأ򳯸Ƕȥ
üͷչˣ
ҲЩ⡢֪ˣ
һˣص˳ǡ
һݵ˴δش׼ʥȰˣ޽һʮλǧ˰ʮˣǧʮˡ
ֻǳֳ䣬дظ
áд˿˿ϲ⣬̶̰ʱ䣬ôˣѾԤϡ
ˡЩ䣬ǹ͡ģޱȡ
ǳ֮£޴֮ȻæȭһƺЩж
ÿɷûⷽ϶΢Σ
غʦȴոձչأԳΪԴ²ͬҲԣжɫһȻ˵
һͷ׼ʥǿΪȣʼȰ˵
ʱ̵ͬˣֻһСֲһҢ˴һ
һ͵ڶ࣬׼Դ˶ʣ£˲żҴ̡
ɡڣ֮Ա
ǡ΢΢һΪƽĽΡ
һֻжȥرΡ
࣬ؾƵ˵ݵȵȡ
ʱȥ
ڶգټ֮еǿߣһٶʮλӵд޽ɸߵȼϵʵ
ʵкܶ࣬ǲʸܵټġ
ټˣһǼչ¶һңЩ֮˴ŵĻٰȫѹ
˵һ̵ӡܵηӶְʲôԽ
˵ˣôһЩصˡ
£ҲֻλﵽԪ澳죬Чסǡ
󣬾ǿǸԵ÷䵽ְλȥ
æµһӣ׼һº󣬾ٴηأҴ˼λسˡ
һΣһλҵһλ˺ܾõ׼ʥеǿߡ
֣һԣϸ۲ΰԣ統λһ㣬һ߷ǰС
˵׳١ʢҵ֮ȱʧ
֣ѵð
λ涼ѾĬϣֻڹ˼ʲô
֮Сһƽˮ޶գȵΪŻѪ
һ£ô˷Ѳɣ

ûȶ֣µ磬վͽȫʱҵһչ֮ʱָˡ

ԥмλѡȥ̿һԼڳ̸һʱ١

Īͣ˸ǡ

һᣬһڻȥ·ϣһĨ־ڱصõЦ⡣
Щɻʲôֲʡ
˻ᣬ΢΢һЦ͡ɻ󣿡
һ˿üشˣˣ
˵ŲͣȻЦ
ˣԼûȷҴ̣ΪλѣⲻǸȥ𣿡Ϊ͵ɻʵ
һ˵ѾȷȥˣŻȰ˵Լͬȥ
ǺǡжëҡЦ˵ƮݺţҲ˵ȥʲȥΪڹǡ
Ҹһ취ȥ˵ֻȥضȥȥ
Ϊʲô͸ɻˡ
Ϊ飬ﲻȥЦֻЦж˼⡣
գգۣЩףֺЩס
ţﶼȥ
Ȼʮλ׼ʥеȲεĶڣʹżλѣ˴£ǰȥˡ
ǻܻ֪ܲ
ûͣЪһ߷ŸֹϵһЩǿߵԸϲãһ߼Ȱ˵£š
ˡڼ̵ڣȰ˵£ٶȣϼӿ졣
ÿʱ䣬Դ£ˣس衣
ҴҼ䣬͹ȥ˰ʱ䡣
ڤڤУһЩε𣺡Ѿˣȥʱ볷ˣ
ʱƺ˻⣬һ
Ӧýˣ
Сһһ̫˵ˣŪȥﶼҪȥˣ
ûλ׼ʥеȲΣˣ
ѳ澳ְȡв˵òҵҲճӣ㹻ˣȥͥʱЩ˾Ͳóˣ
ǺðɣȥһҲЩε
ҵ󱲲ߣӰ̫ˣһ
ԣվȥɣһ̡ͲҪˣ


񣬵ȴһɴȤ֮⡣
ãȥһΪΡº͵£⡣
Ĺ֮Ѿ׼ˣٹЩ꣬ҵȾʽɡȻһЩء
ԭɵ̸գҲȻ֮ó
ĬϢһͬ
ÿ绮ΪŲ㣬ҲȷǺ£ҿҲƹ㡣
˾ٿԼҶ־
ͬ

һЩٵʧڤڤеĵطҲָƽ
ʱ󣬸ոٴȰһλ׼ʥȵǿߣԼסʱɫ΢䣬Ϣ¶һĨεĿЦ
˫¹ڣ֣һǰ£ʲôû˵Ҳö˵ʲô



379 
һλĸл⣬ҲǴ̡λĸл⡣
ֱʼ
վҪأȻܴæʵ׼
ϾһᵽĶԽԽ
͡ȥΰǰУ֪ͨϲԱֱӳء
ǡ
ġȥԾǰУһ
ǡ

˿ҵİţһ鲻ϵķ
ܳʱ䣬أһЩŶҪá
һʱܿȥѾ뿪أ̾Ϣԭפûж
ΪǻҪȴˡ
յʱ̫̣ȷ̵ˣվȫ
գ½һʮˣǡ
ųǵķһ󺣵˫УġһɻĹâ֡
Ƕ־˷ܡһ׼ӭµĿʼκѵ׼

˷س裬Ȼһʱټ
ȻЩϧҲʧ
Ѿλ׼ʥеȲΡʮһλ׼ʥȲεǿߡ
һǧ߰λ޽ɣʮǧλɣʮǧλɡ
ջͳԤϣ֮ҲδΪصĿӡ
һᣬ£Ϣһʱա
İţҲѾ׼ˡ
Ȼüͷ΢¶Щϲɫߡ
ˣ
ڶ죬
ڹ֣ʹ
һĨЦ⣬
ǡ
μһλ뷢԰ס׵Ͻ˽
񡣡ȻĿȥ
Ǵʮ֧ս֮һ˧ڹ
ҲǴһĳӡ
ж¿ڹһΪңֱٴ˵
£ƽ
㲣Ψиǡڹ
һüƽβһЩʱգһ¿պ˵
ڹȻл񰮣һڶء
˵
ڹɫЩԺͿһӣʦضȶΪʦѧɹЩܡ
ա볼У̳гְλ
˵ţȻ͹ȥᶨŵˡð÷ȣǳ㡣
ǶҲǸ˲ţս˧Ҫ
ʴˣŶ
ֱ׵ĻڹĻ
ǹ棬ĶӽУְ̳λ
ӽıвѣԼͿԣ񲿱һ¾С
̳ڹְλֻܵ
һھͼ̳Уֻеͬſɡ
֪ѡأһŭ
ףڹ̵ҷ
ȥˣֻΪδأԲųŵڣҪΪ·
ǰЩʱӷأΪǳϵǿһ󣬱¶ġ䷵س¡
Ҽݲ㣬մ£˵һطϢ󣬵ų˵
ڹʱϲлл
֣¡
ŭϢɢȥ룬ü˿˿ο֮⡣

ڹϲⷵڳеĸۡ
δ߽ãһλ쳣㡢ѪϢӭ΢΢һס
šڹӦĿԼҶӣһȥһߵ¡ΪĿΪʹȥվͿˡ
˵ͷּᶨصӶȫԸ͸
ţʱֶ򲻿Ϊѧ˱죬˱˼ȻڹɫüΪ࣬ĿֱԼҶ˫֣ۡص
ס˲ܡ̹Ȼᶨ
˾ͺãҲҪעһЩϾȶ˲壬˵طվЩɻġڹ
ǡ֣Ӧ
ǿΪͳĴ̣һԣǲǿϵġ
ݶȶΪʦһ㣬ǶЩġ
Ҳ̫ġڹַο棬̳ΪְλһĴɣĹٲᡣ
̫ʦĴڣ˵ʲôϴ۲ΰԣԼעһЩС
л׽̻塣
ȥ׼ɣ򲻿ɳڹӻ֡
Ӹˡ£һ·Լסƽ£˼֮
Σɢҫ۵Ĺâ
˷ܡ־ڴС
ڶա
ڹ
μһȭһ
񡣡࿴۹صˡڹƽ˵
л˹Ӧ
Ŀϣһ䡣
Ŀⲻ֪Ӻʱ𣬻˼֣˻֣һҵޡ
ڹ΢ʾû˵ķݡ
漴ǫ˵̫佱ˣ
̫ʦ³۶ǰӣù⣬ﲢĿһɨӶˣԳ
ǡڹšӦ
ͬĿи˼ֱĺ塣
̫ʦ³˧ˡʱ֣ʹ˽

ǡ
ٺ³˽챾س֮⣬֧սפصط
˧һλڳ裬ھЭʮһֻ
³ۺͷˡ
󣬵˵˼䣬ٶ龭¶ЩĿ
һΪУǿԼֶһ㡣
ûжķϻУٶ̽
ѧȵȣܿ죬ٶЩϲĿ⡢ԽͰ
ڹһҲЦ
ʱһҴѵõ˲ţս˧һְ⡣
顣³һ
̫ʦ³˧˼ǣƽ
˼һ£֣صЩϹأصĿģҲΪҴѡ˲š
ڣΪְλ
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Ŀڴڹɫͣһ¡
ڡӦ
¾ȡ㸸ڹְλƷ
ȱͣպȫ
˲ȥᶨӦ
л¡һԣڹҲȥ
ЩϽ󣬾ͻظɡ
ǣߵлڹ˸ڡ
˰ɡ֡
ȸˡ



380 ʮ
˸ˣˡ
ֶ㾹ûи֪ҵȣʵӦðٴȤЦ
ֶ˴ţӦո֪ҵȣҲͲнһˣ³ԱЦ
׽̬ȺΡ
̫ʦ³˧ҵĴҵĴԺ󶨵Űݷ̫ʦͼ˧ڹæȭЦ
ְλǱ֡꣬١³ռʲôƣ̬ĵ͡
ãǾ͵ˡЦ
ս֮ϡϣȻһƣ˽¡ȴôҺϲ󱲡
ǡڹӦ
˵Цһ١³䣬ɢȥ
ڹֱӻصԼС
ƽصɫϣ˼˼֮⡣
ڹӰһʵǲɻ󣿡
ͷûףΪΣЩܣ̫ʦǲǡ
Ȼû˵꣬˶ױ˴˵˼
١³۶̬ȣЩ̫׺ˣƺԼֶһ㡣
ڹ̾ɫЩӵ֪е
֪ҡͷշش̲ãʱֻ˽⵽˱ϵһЩ£ڹıڲϸȻ֪
ڹⲽ£ȻѾ̳ΪְλһЩҲʱˡ
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ڹ££ؼ֣˲֪ǾͬһЩʾ޵˽ܡ
ʵܣһЩѾ˧
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֮УοЩ֮͡ʵЩ˼顣
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̫ʦ󱲣Ըȫִѹ̫ʦҲܳ֡ڹָָ̧죬ɫޡ
¶һĨȻȵɫ
֮Уһ󲿷ֶѾĬ֡
һ¼ǿߣվЩ̫ʦĳǶĮģΨлƼһƷɻҵĶ˲
ĳ֣Ȼ³˧ˣ̫ʦҲΪˡڹ
ĬĬͷ඼ˡ
Ǻʱеϵ˿ΪǸϵӳ嶯ĵط
;ɹ壬ȻȻһ
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ţȥ׼ɣΪȴݷ̫ʦͼ˧СڹΪĵ
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̸ĸҪĵһְĸѾı˺ܶණ
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ڳŭЩȫץ
һйعԱϲش
ʷ̨ȫ̲Ҳж˻̲
ͬʱڵأ¹ԱصĽ졢٣ץЩ¹Ա
̶ദط˲С𶯡
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һʱ䣬µǧλԱǵ˽ȫһ򾡣ץ
̲˺ʷ̨һͬǰȥ顣
һʵͰ졣
º󣬹ǧλԱɱǧλԱ򱻷ϳְаλƷһ١
̳𶯡
Ϣ󣬼йԱһݣܶԱûзӦΪ˴̹ԱȻһ죡
ٹԱ࣬йԱһϲʼٱҷĹԱ
¹ȥ̳õķ࣬Ͻࡣ
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֮ӵٶȣһ˿˿죬õ֤
ڿʼı̣УһЩҲڸı䣬ֻȸӵСĲһЩı䡣
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ԣҪͳ磬䵮۸ǿ֮
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Եʵǰһжù֧޵С
ĻģͶڴ̡

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Զһϣͨ˻ʵ΢߸һӰЩɻüĿ
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أֻҪȷģСһǰ;ţȥ鿴һ޽ЦҪ̽
ӰٿȻӰһ٣Ŀܿȥ
ʵȻλܹȵģѾΧıԱȴǾϲŨ
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Ϣûͣ٣ַݣҪʱ̶Էһ
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ϢԸ˫գ£΢΢˸˼Ĺâ
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ڸٷչ뿪衣
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ҲҶʱڡΨһĻˡ
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ǼԶΨһѹԷĻˡ
˴ӴǼ̳ܲΪĲôһ᣿
⣬ٰһµ飬룬ݷȥһ·Ѱ̳ټ
Ըߵ룬û⡣
ӱҪԸȥذЩ

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֣Ͳ̲صͷ͵ûԸһ
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Ը߿첽߽ĿǲϿȥ
ǡΣϵ𣬷·𲻴κС
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üͷ΢壬Ŀ⿴ԸߣЩ⡣
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ЩûܹʲôίԼ˵
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ò˵ûµһʱ䡢ҲЩ˵˻
ĿջأûзŭֻһĨ֪ջ
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384 ǰ
ԼϢһͣаԵۡ
ӡ
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һЩ飬ȴأǰ˵
Ҳ˫ĬĻλԼ˵ڣҲûҪٴˡ
ϲ鲻ԸӦԼȥ
˵ĻѾ˵ˣ׻Σֻ˲ܾ
ֻ֪У̾һֻϣպ㲻ڰɡ

Լȥ˼Ƭ̣ʼ´ѾһЩ
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386 
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һֻСץƣʱģ¶˵̬ƺΪȸԾ



387 ꯹
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388 Ӽ
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ƺЩȺ͡ϲ֮ľϲ
һûп㡣
Ŀ΢΢ϿһۣһĨڴȴζתΡָƽ

׳ֽšëʶ󣬵һձ֣һ߲ʱĿĳһط
У꯽ҪһγʱıչأҲΪˣû̾ߡ
׼һЩʱա濹
գۣʮµ
ѧԺ򡢿ء弶ѧԺ
ҪѧԺ̾ڣһʮһÿһǳء
׼ʮ̶һʱ䣬ϰѧԺ
͵ȵĳԺֻնʮǰˣȫѽ֪ʶͻ΢Դ
ڶԺֻһ˾߲㵽֮ѧӡ
ĸԺմﵽ֮ѧӡ
ļĿԺմﵽ֮ѧӡ
弶Ժմﵽɵ߲ϵѧӡ
ߵȵѧԺȻǳǵѧԺֻսɵĲϵѧӡ
ЩֻΪѧ͡ԴȵȷҲһҪ
󣬵Ӽ࣬ѧԺ
ΪΪƷ
һʵȨŽȻóòС𶯡
ӼԼϰѧԺȻ½ˣȻȱ©㡣
صģǽʦ⡣



389 ʵ顢
ΪѧԺѧӵԭѧԺ󲿷ֵĽʦöǿ
ԺԺĽʦǵɼ𼴿ɣҲΪʲô̶ʮ꣬׼õԭ
ˣȱٺܶʵĽʦѡ
ԺԺĽʦȱٰٷ֮ʮҡ
ǵѧԺȱһЩ
ӼԱҲûࡣ
Ȼʦ͹ԱȻȱ٣弶ѧԺȴǲӰ١
ҴﵽɼĽʦҲӦĴ̹ԱƷȹһЩʱգаղȫʦ
ʮһգѧԺʽѧѧӡ
µʱҪѧԺ֮ꡣ
ٲͨˣҲ֪һԸı˵ĵ·
弶ѧԺȺΧ
̶ʱ䣬ѧӹٶڡ
ҪǳԺԺһԺƽһѧӣһһǧԺ
һԺƽ˴Լѧӡ
Ӵò˸е𾪣ܶȴףֻǸʼ
ԺѧԽԽࡣ

ͬʱ֮һӭֽšëʶʱĸࡣ
նԴԽϿɣԵԽϿɣһεѧԺ֮£ڴȻﵽĵز
Ȼ˸ǿ֮
֮ҲһЩࡣ
ϾߵҪ󲢲̫һ֮ǶʵĵȷΪ
֮ʵ棬ҪǶд棬ֽʡԡ
ѧԺҪǶԴġδдЧ
Ǵﵽ˵Ŀ꣬㹻˲ţʹ̵ײʵӣʹ̵̸񣬷Ŷ֮дЧ
ԼУҲﵽز
ɾ澳ܼɱġݡĸơ˲šƹֽʡϴʱΪ̰սԺ
һ׮׮һ̶̲ʱ䣬ȴ߳һӶﲻĳɾ͡
ЩɾͺͶĹͣҲһЩڻʲôе飬Ĺÿʵ
ȻҲվ

ѧԺȱһҲˣЩǸڶĸı䡣
ףʱҪģʱˡ
ʱ䣬ùԱӦڶĸı䡣
ʱ䣬ڶı䷢ѿ
Ҳʱ䣬׳̡
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ʱȷбݵˣЩ㽡ڴ
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ǿֵز
û֪𰸣Ҳ֪
ֻ֪ÿһ죬дĴ֮֮
Щ꣬û
ʵٶȣҲ˵ھġ
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ﵽ˶ʮǧɡ
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ֻʮǧŰɴﵽʮʱûʲô谭
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Щһ㡣
Ԫ֮Уͬಢ̫
ҲһЩԪ֮Բ©ȱ
ֻǿЩЩѣһıҲܳɱҪʱȥɱ
Լǰ
֮ﵽԪ֮ǿߣѱɱ
Ҫһ㡣
ûܴﵽ߱ĳ̶ȡ
ӴﵽԪ֮ʱ͸ܵˡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ĵֻһ
ﵽԪ֮ǰδԲΪֲδԲȱݵĴ
˵ˣǸԲĴһ٣ʱɳһʮҲﲻһ١
ӡ
ﵽԲ״̬ʱȻҲӡ
ʵϣӺﵽԲһٺӵͲϵˡ
ﵽԲ״̬ʱÿһʮҡ
ȴҲͲһҡ
ǵﵽԪ֮󡢲׹顣
ԴˣЩʧҲ̫ʧ
棬ﵽԪһ󣬻ƲǸԵ⡣
һԲǵԲá
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յԼĹ㣬һմﵽԲĴ൱һﵽʮɣѹͨľŶ֮һ࣬һ
ܴﵽ嶦ң߱Ӵﵽ߶һҡ
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ﵽʮǧɵܴﵽŵ߶ඦ
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ԭܼ򵥣ÿһԷͬԷ߷ݾ߷ִͨƵȵ
һȻǶ֣ܶԸλ֣ͬҲֻ̫һŵĲ²⡣
ҲǺĵĳ̬
һλۣԸ˼λ澳統۵ۿԸһ㡣
ҲΪʲôÿһλԪ֮λҪԭ
һλԪ澳ֱӱɱɱ澳Ҳǰĳߵλ
λ澳һλۺλִһλҲ
ǿ߱˴ƺ⣬ƽȵĺġ

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æµȴûм̫࣬ΪȴѿĹУǳķæӡ
ңԶݵ
һټһЩ顣
ʮһյĳϡ
齨
Эʷ̨Ӽࡢ˾£ЩŴ
ʱûоڸģ񡢲·Ч
˵ЩšһԼҲǼæĴڡ
һ˲ﾡõķ
һǶ̣ԸĴ취ںܶ෽棬ܶˡ
Լţơ׵Ĵڡ
ǰǱʱڣ˴ڡƸš
ʱʱ£ֵʱ
ݡȸɡΡźƽ
ž񲿴Τλ򣬻صķ̲򡢶ǹ÷񲿴
дҲһ仯١
ˣ򼸺Ǿ
ЭؾԼ顢е
١ڼͳ˧롣
˧ֻλڳ裬Ծϸ˵ֻˣԼһָ١
Ҳһָ٣Щֵ顣



390 Ǻˣ
һ̶ʮʱ䣬æµͼһҡ
ҲᣬУݡȸɡΡźˣ֪񡢸ˡ
һα֣Ϊ仯д´Ҳ仯˲٣һʱЩҡ
Ϊʷ̨ҲԳʷ࣬ԱͳΪŸţϽࡣ
Ҳӵơ׵
඼Ĺ͡
һǶ̡˵ȵֵ쾡£ǿϣҲǲܱ˼ǿġ
οԱ
Ĵڣ˵Ǽϰ˹ͬǻۡ
ȻȱͬҲУΪĴڣĴòǵϿɣһȻٲۺͳƤ
㣬Ҳ͵ʱ䣬Чʡ
ȽֺôԣЩҲͲʲôˡ
λ󳼣ˡ
Ǻ˽ܣʹһЩʱ䣬Ҳûж٣зִ磬ᵢ¡
Ҳǵ֮һֻĹǴڣ󷽲ܽϵʹСҲΪ
ѹסǡ
ǾֵѹסǣŪô˵ڷȨĻ
֮ϣκλ˵бףֻûǷܹԦסʹڱס
ʮ¡
ѾӦôæµƿشΪ
У֮˹
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Ŀ򶫷ȥһӰŬ龰С
͸ɫĹԣ䡢߹ţƺӸϢ
µĵɢֵϣʹڵУҲΪ
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ۣײü
ĥһ꣬ϾҪͻˡ
¸ңԶľ룬ҲܿóӰڴĥԼķΪͻ׼
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һĨǨŭڵҪչһ꣬޴¡þš
䣬֣ʹ˽Ӧǡ
ܿ죬㴫˾;
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֪ǣ޽ڱչ״̬ĵϢس˳衣
ĿټĳǣŲһ򶫷ȥ
һʱ䣬ͳ˾ݣֹʱң뿪ݣ뵽ʤ֮С
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ȴһγݣҲûʲôȤȥʱҲûȤʤݵķ羰
ɨһۣͼĿĵؿǰ
̵ֲĽкκÿģ

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ͣһƬȺɽ֮ǰнһǰѰУʱһָĹߡ
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֮һͨȺɽ֮УͣɨûзʲôѰ֮Ⱥɽ롣
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¡¡
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һ䣬зЩ⡣
׼ڹؼʱ̣ϾҪ׼ʽͻƣʱ
ҪǣνĻԵȻǲˣԵĵС
ۣѹ³嶯ͼ
ңԶһüּӴȡ
ȪɽУǵӰüٴͣΪеѪԽԽǿңܰ
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һϢƽ͵ӰĿһĨɻ󣬾Ȼʲô㲻
꯶ĪʲôԵ
ԥһ˸ȥ뷨
ȻȥҲƻݻԵ

һߣ˳ŸӦ꯷ʱ䣬뵽һȥͨȺɽ֮С
һ£ȺɽĶȥֻСࡣ
ʱһϿǰͣĿ⼫ΪصĿϿԼܡ
ɽԸߴ࣬ϿȿȥȴͷƺһصϢ
еѪѾʧܹȷǰģϿС
˼Ƭ̣˫ֱȭ֪λǰڴˣݻˡ
ʵصȺɽ֮УȴûоʲôޣΪϿȷԲһֻ޶ޡ
Ҳ棬㷢㣬Բ̽һ
Ϣص£ΧȴûʲôӦ
꯲żֵϢȭðˡ
˵꣬Ͽȣûзʲô󷨽ƺһһϿȥ
ŲȡϢ侲ȻΪ䱸ȴȻһĴݡ
·ѲԼĻ԰һ㡣
Ŀһ·ţ꯽Ų˿䣬ңߵ˾ͷ
ͷɽϣһĶڴڡ
Ŀ΢ͣ˽ŲͷأϿȥ򵥵һڣȴһޱΣաɲĸо
˻Ǳ
һ²⣬ٶ룬һĮӶд
Ǻˣ
꯻ܵĴ˸飬ΪͻȻ𣬸ΪĮ



391 Ҳ˼ͻƣ
˿СƺĮĮ
ֻһ˲䣬ֻĸо
ǿᣡ
ദ

ȴûʲô쳣ֻ΢죬˫ֱȭ·˵أѪ֮¡ǰǰ֡
ɽУֶ˫Ŷ⣬ɽȻ谭Ŀ⣬ޱȵĿǵӰ
һɫ£ɢ磬Ϣȼ㣬Ŀ侲͸һŵķâ͸Ŀ
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ꯡݼǰȭ΢΢һ񣬵һ¶Լ֣ģʦȴû͸¶˿
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ͫ΢У˫ȭһգǹӵǿҡ
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392 ǧ
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ǺĴ˵еһ־磬嫺ģжܹﵽ
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λϹǰĻûﵽ޽ɴԲ֮ͻƵˣǷһ㡣
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ŷ컭ꪵӰͷǸеһɳѹ
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ĵǾޡ

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ڴУָı洦ɼ
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ˡڣϻ뿪ڷ֮ˣƽɣѾضԡ
Сߵ񣬿ıŽᡢǿϢ
ū֣ʩͷϣ
˳Ĭţ޲ͬʱϳūƶȡ
ݣ»ʽּھݷϳūƶȣ塢Ϊūûڳ˵ʲôأ˵صȴն㡣
ЩһЩƶҲı˲٣Ϊּ
µʱɻ̲ʷ̨Ǽලһūߣն
ڳһ䣬·𿴵Ѫɺӡ
ϣɴȱ֮ˡ

ȥ׼ɣ÷ڸ飬ʸ¡ݻ˵ͱǿдϡ
ּʮӦɫء
ҡ¾ɹԱ߾Щ벻֣ΪԭЩԡ
û˸ҵԡ
ڳˣзԲ⡣
Դ̵ľƷչû˻
ʱǷϳūʱ
ڲѾȶհҵѹһС
ԱԽȶԽֱϳūƶ谭Խ
ⲿ
İȣʱԴ첻ʲôӰ졣
УҲǸһЩǵķŭڲңΪԺһͳ׼
Ҳû㹻ʱ䣬ȥӰ죬ô̻۵㹻ۺĸˡ
ϳūƶȣڱС
Ϊβȳ
谭ҲһЩϾĳǰסԹޡ
Ϳɲ١
µӰ죬˻е𣬺ܾܿͻѹǡ
Ψſԡ
߷¸֪ͥȻ
ǡԸӦӰ˴



397 ջ˼
أ̲ķܿͽӵ
ɫȻ漰壬ҵ飬ԼٶȽ´ͥ
һ
ڤڤУٴ
岻Ϊū˵úãϳūƶȡҿܺáһ
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Եʹ𶯣Ҳ޴󰭣غĲ޵
ĲܲˣҿҲʱϳˡ
ţԼūԼˣʲô
겻ͬˣҵֻǹڶಿ˴ūһ²ɱ⣬̳ѹݣūƶҿҲǸ÷ϳˡ

ɡ

һͬ𣬴ͣЪһƽ͡ΰ𣺡йɣ巢չҲе·Ŀϡ⣬벻ҶǾѵۡ
ηչǶɣΣҵȿžͺá
أˡǲΪūˡ
£˶Ĭһ㡣
μ̵ҲĻ顣
ɣܲˣΡ
ڣصūƶȸ÷ϳˡ

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ԷĬ֧֣Ҳڱ̬ȡ
⴫ֻͥΪͥĶϳصūƶȡ
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һɵƽ
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ܿ죬Լ˰˲ٶ
ҪãŸسس衣
˰׼ǰ衣
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᪡
ܣһҪˣؿżɫЩ
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Тؿæ΢Ц
ҲΪ¡
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ЩΪӭϳ߾Ч󲿷ҲѾ˹ƣ
ͬˣһٶŬϲؿ֧֣Ѿϻλãڻ䡣
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ûԥſھ˵񻧲һãֻ
ܿ˾˽ʱ£ؿŻһת֣صТҶܼ볯裬һΡһǰȥ
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ؿοصͷ顣
ЩĸԼʵǿ᪴󲿷ֶƿ֮С
ġҲְֻλˡ

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ǷӣΪģЩ¶
ջֲ֣ƽĳΪռҶŮһռΪ
պүҪС㡣ͻȻӰƾճһԣǿȥʮŮˣ̴棬Ϊ
ʱΪƵĿջŽ䱸
ջҲǣڣ˵ʸ񣿡
ŮɫһŭȴЩûһ㣬˵ʲôջѾȵһϹϵĻᣬ֮
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͸һʱģռҿܻõҫֻһʱģȷܵõʵʺô
֮ռҵϵҲҪˡ
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ɵʱ槼Ϊǿףֻ槼ԽǿܵԽĳ谮
˾뻺һʮǰ槼ﵽ׼ʥ磬һֱڵȴᡣ
ʱЩֲ˭õʮ꣬ʹﵽ׼ʥеȲΡ
ǿߣѾоصĵλˡ
Ƿռػռңǽ
ԭºõľҶҡ
Ϊ롣Σջһ䣬첽ȥ
Ů˿Щʧ
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һ߽˿ĺ͵ĵ⣺ߡ

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û£ͶȺǰˡ
λǾʮ壬ʽҲھʮ塣
ǶҪǰȥ£ϵֵõĵȵȡ



398 Ըʡû취
ΪһЩ볯͢Աһеġ
أʲô£ڳϡΪ˵仰˶ûС
һ̬ȣʾԴ̵ĳںķһЩԱã
𣬰˰Ⱥ󵽴ﳯǡ
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ĴҲһߵȴʱܵټ
£˰Ѿ롣
̸Ц󱲱˴ϡ
Խ֡
ڼ䣬ҲټһЩЩҪ顣
ܿ죬ʮյˡ
һǵλʱУԱͰ˰ۣ¡ء
١
μף޽
ǧ˹£ƼΪ硣
ǣӵĿֲӲѹסС
񡣡ĮϵĶִӿ³
лֱ
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ղǳᣬҲûʲôֱ΢΢ڵµλ꣬ʱ̣Ҵ̸ıܶࡣ
Ժ䡢⡣
󲿷ڳɻ󣬵ȻҶ˵ʲôл̻塣
̧֣ʾ
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ǰٹٳݣͰ˰ĳݡ
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ⶼߣ˵ܺߡ
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ֻʵʵˡ
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ͻȻҪϳūƶȣʹǵµҲ˷˲
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һ죬һʮһУȻ𶯡
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Ҷ˵ˣʮѾˡ
ǰΪҵѽѧԺΪҵ಻ùأͨհҵʧ𣿡


̶һʱ䣬̾ڣҲ
У˰ڶԱ壬ͬˡ
飬Ȼ֪Ӧùôջ
оǲԸʡ
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һΣҪһٽūƶȷϳкܴӰ죬Ҳں
ȻҲʹϳˣҲٲ˸顣
缴ʹûūԼҲƺԷūˣǿѹԷΪԼЧ飬Բ١
ūƶȴڣҲҪ̫ࡣ
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ֵļ죬ڵ£˰ˣظذ¡
Լ̾ڣҲʼϽūԼūȥ
Ͼû˸ҷҲʱūѾҲС
ȻҲٲĴҺвʷŭӵˡ
ʱ䣬ݣʼַ
಻
Ĳȣΰ
˶˶ԵĲ
ǰ㣬ٲٲʣҲû˸жȥԡ
ҲôһЩˣȥһЩңֱָʾԼңʾ
Ȼͱعٸץסˣȫ𣬺顣
һٶԵطƿȣͬն
Уϳū֮£һţûʲô谭
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󣬾涨ʱ䵽ˣ̶ǧ˿ڡ
Ŀ΢䣬ȥɡ
ǡ֣ӦȥмЦ
ôһЩĴҡǲ֪
Ҫ֪ԭʿ֮ģʵʵ˻
ЩˣΪһϵĶȥ
ȴȻҪȫǡ



399 
ܿ죬һʮһڣһȷѪꡣ
ٶȼ죬羪κһ㣬ϯ˸ء
ǼࡢԼ޵гϸûκη֮ץסˣһЩԱ
ʣΪūȫ嵱
һɱ¾ʱñҰһ𣬲һʧ٣ֻĬĬţΪءŻʹǰūڵļ͡
룬ѾûٸҹΪū
һɱ¾ҲЩҵľơģǿȶ
Ǵһʮһ򣬰˰УҲɴ̴졢һɱ¾
Ȼǰ˰أֻܲһ˽ū֮ˣһ֣˭Ǻݣ̳ǿƵնɱ
λڣҲûӹ
̵ƣǿޱȡ
ȻһǿƵ׵ľٶ˲Ĳ
ҲֻǲˣֻǷﲻ
˲Ϊū
֣ǿƵķӡ˾֮ϣ˸ҷ
УҲܵЩӰ졣
ΪǸУū
ȻӾ˲٣ȴҲûʲô֮⣬µǿᡣ
ô꣬ȻҲûеġ

У̣ҲϳūƶȣǱȽСϾһ̶˵Ƿյġ
ϳūƶȣӰʵľ޴󣬺ôԶ
̺֮ĳӣĵۣԡ
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̳Уһƽ񶼲ںķս£ûۡûнš
·ֻһѰ飬ԱǸʲôʲô



400 Ŀ
һûܵδ̾ٳӰ졣
ΨоУټʱ࿴ķ
ʮҡ
֧Ⱥı߾Ĵ
ı߾
ţԣһŰֵĴ졣
վڱǰĿĮĿŶڴ
λߣϢٺ棬ʮλȥٽеӰ
𱾲ϣи֧֧
ִ⣬ŸߡšŴ죬ǰվһλʸӰ
ֱǸ˳ڡŹ𷼡ưܡ
һһǧٶ
棬Ƕھ־մʣ䡢ɵĿŰˡ
˫Ȼ󣬵ϣȴ൱
ϾһҲɣһֻǵɡ
̾壬Ϊ־ϸŰ𣬿ȣȴľɵȻд֣֮ϸܵĵ
ȴӰϸоһΣգЩ𾪡
ԷΪ̳ûã˸о
壬Ϊū콻գһֳֽĮ֮⣬߰ȴ˸о
ЦƷ̳˵ͽģ־տкʾвϲ²̳Ŀġ
ʲôūֻǽڰˡ
ҼʹģҲ׷Щū
Լδ棿
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ĩ˳˺ȻӦ
ɱ
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ڴһӳһң׼ʥʮλ
ɱ
䣬˫ײһ𣬱ԱԽɱ춯ء
ľŽᣬ٣쳣ǿ󣬻м֮ĸ˳ˡ
Ĵڶ࣬󲿷ֶɢɳʵ׼ʥǿҲֻԼһ
һսϲ൱
ۣһӣʮ˳룬ĴɱȥǶǵ׼ʥǿߡ
־˫΢УҲһ֣λ׼ʥǿ߷ɳӭЩˣԼǴʣµһҴԼһЩǿߣŰ
ֱ˲öԸ
οΪӹһƼΪأδȬ¡
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Щǿ߼룬սּࡣ
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塢ƷɻݺݴսһŸʱ˱
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ĬĬͷߵزɵӣҲоˡ
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ڶĵĵλܶ¶֪Ĳ־١

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ֻʣôЩĩɱһЩܴﵽĿġưܶŰ˵ɫΪ˷ܡ
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Ϊ˱ȶʵ
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־Щˣ𲢲ӣܲɱͲɱʡ˺Ƥ
Щδ֪Ͳòˡ
֮ܶδսķͳ˧Ҫǵĺܶ࣬ԶֻɱоͿɡ

򣬸Բࡣ
ȴԮȽ붫ģʧ
Ǽɥ˵һУǿ࣬κβˡ
̾ǲžԵĵǱǵԼ֧š
ʮգúֿ̾ʼ˴ս
ģͼҳ̶ȱȵһδսǿ˲٣ΪľжһЩĪǿߡ
࣬Ҳûдﵽ׼ʥϵȲεǿߣȴҲĵ
Ǵƽ֣սһ󣬸˾
ˣܿ͹ȥ£ڼ˫ִսΣ˭Ҳκβ˭
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˵ӰɫȻ
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µλҲˣ̾ûҵȾһս˼־Ŀһɨˣ
˵ͷǱһ㣬ڣȫȷ
ǵĿȴ쳣ΪһĥʵǻָĻᡣ־ռȷԭ
֮⣬»̽ҵȵ˼Ԯ֮һ
ʦ˼ǡ־տ
ϵ˼Ǿ䡣˿
۲ŴԣҰĲ˭Ҳ֪ЩʲôȴҪ



401 Ψ
־üͷһʲô
һֱĬĬֵȥ
Ŀ˼ͬĬĬ˼ţûж˵ʲô
ֻȴЩ֮⡣
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ǡ̾ڹ壬ֻһζĵֿ岻˵ָܻܲʵ֪Ҫжȥ̲סü
ͬˣüͷ
ǿɲսȥϴ־ݣľԪˡ
սȥʲôʱǽ
ȥͬˣкξ֮˿
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˵ˣֻҪǸĽڣ̩ɽֳŲȥ˵Ȼ
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ص̫ˣ˭Ҳ֪ﻹжǿߣ
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Ǳ֮У˱¶
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Ĭ־տ΢΢ü
ŭһԵΪֲҶ˵ʲô
ʵ̾Ҳδһֱȥ־տ˿ڵ֣أ̾ͬʱ壬ıҵһ嶼Ҫ
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Ŀ⿴־գЩӣȴûж˵ʲô
ҵ赣ģὫôģ˺
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һʱ䣬ЩΣԮЩˣҲûбֳ
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һߣĬȥȴĬĲûɢתۣΧЩѹ
ǣǹȻǱġǺǡΣѪЦŨŨԳɢ
֪ѩèӦһ
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ںô࣬еײˡ
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һһᣬŸɢȥ

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ڸ߲㣬ƴʱ򣬾ô̾ģ⡣
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ʱƶķսһֱţº󣬽սʱԽԽ
İ󣬼ѾΪ˹̶һһսģʱʱС
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ĴǿˣᾡΪǡ
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ڽʿ棬һʮĴսǽļУҲΪء
Щʿʵ󲿷ֶͶķ²
ռô磬Ͷ˳ɣͲ
Ǿ󲿷֣ս֮С
ʮ֧ս齨ûãʵûȫƿرӲ˶
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ϰԵĿһطĿЩº͡

ʮգһٶĿĴ֮սӭһս
ӵּ⣬˵ˣ׼ʮңھǰ󣬶ķһδս



402 ϲ
һʮɱ֧̥ǣʱĹҲһˡ
ģ˧ڡưܡ׿ŷ֧սΪ
ϲ磬˧ΪӶƷ齨սΪ˧١Ź𷼡֧սΪ
Ǽ壬˧ΪӶƷ齨սΪ˧໯κ֧սΪ
Ʒɻ˧ΪӶƷ齨սĳɶΪ˧١ࡢ֧ͩսΪ
ʮ֧Ѿﵽһ۷壬һЩǿߣƺƵѹģֻһʼƾ͸ࡣ
ƺоʲôĶûмƴģǼء
Ҫס̾һν
һٶΪҵĳսչˡ
˧һʱͼսٹ˼࣬ȵ׼ʥлᡢҲնɱ
ɱʡ
ʱ䣬ⳡսͣϢ
ľ׼õūݷأ²֪Ǹø˻Ǳʹġ
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޽ɶֻʣʮλȲε׼ʥλ
ĺ;磬߲ĸоʣµģȫǺͱˡ
衢ޣôȥ
ձر

ḷ̌Ȼĵĳޡ
˫ϵͲˡ
Դڱū۵壬ľھѮص˾ݡ
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Ҫǻٳţ̧ͷˡ
ЩеĹԱͣЪ
Ǿͷǿ߲ðȵȡ
һλλ߹ھг֡
ڲìĴҲβķ⣬һνѹס
ˣǵȻˡ

ƫУϯԽ֣УԴһЩ
ôվǲӦֵϯϣ˵ñ˲Ӧ
ҲͲμˡ
һЩȻʱƽˡ
Ӹؾܿ
ǰĹ٣ȻƽһЩϣ󲿷ʵʶѡá
ⲻЩһִơ
Ĺƴ˫Ȩ룬棬ҲǴУȻȻͻںܶطѡá
ǳ顣
Щ꣬һ֧սõԽԽ٣˵
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һ֮У¸ìܣֻìܵ˫ƽ⡣
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һʮ֧սʮλҲµĳƺϽ
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һĬϣֻٲܳ˧
սȻȥĳǶ֧Ҳ˲ȥʮ֧
ݣνǿǰδС
ҲΪʲôġʵʵ˰ԽʵҪԭ
Խ˽⣬Խеһ𺳡
ŵλԽԽ˽֣ܳ¡
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ʱȴδ̫Щ̶̼ѣ̵ʵһһ仯
һλλ˽ܣĿϾӡ
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ԴˣҲǵ⿴ġ
ûѡأҲء
̵ʵ仯ںģдǿߵУҲ⡣
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ǿĴƺƹȥʹһֱ·
ȻעҪΪ籩ģǾԸǿ̬һС
˭ʤ˭ܣ
Ǿжٱ¡Ը̣

ף󣬳ƽʱȥĥϸ
ʱҲǴҪĴڡ
תۼ䣬ʮȥ
ʮ꣬ĸ糣ʲôûзһ
ҲˣֻаеĲáɿ١
ءǺߵ鹬һּ
в̶ӡҲǴĲʮɣ鹬
鲢ۣϾֻǲԼҵĻ֪Ķûмˡ
ڵʮɣ׷׸鹬ԭʼ𽲵ڱչ֮еģҲƹض
һ糣
ͥ
ʮ쵽˴ϣҲôط͸Ź¶Ϣ
ľˡ
һѰӵĴڣû֮࣬ǹѹֵϢȴѰ̼
һǳɫȹŴ󷽡ֵĮˮϥ
ݡƺ࣬һȪѹֵյֿ
ȻȵĽŲ𣬲죬ȴΪǿ
ȴûκηӦûһ㡣
Ϊˣֻһλ
ĿҲ޷ûзӦʲô
ϲˣ



403 ϢĻ
Ųͣ£Ϣش򿪣Įϵ
һ̣һŵ۵ΰӰ˽
˲Ϣ֮䣬ѹֵϢʵʵʧȥЧã·ʾųһ㡣
ÿһڣʾһɳϢ
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û˵ʲôӦûС
죬Ҳû̬ȣĿ⵭Į͸žӸ¡ϡ
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ڣϢ͵Ķ˫ۣ峺ޱȣȴԵɻ󡢾һĨ졣
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ϢĲԽԽ̲࣬סǾʲôΪʲôҪҺǣ᲻Σգ
ֽܹǰλơ
˿ܲĺܵ˺
㺢ǣġǵ꽫ץ֮޾Ҳûйעĺӡ
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ҲһΣҪĸسں֮ڰɡ쵭˵͸Щ⡣
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£ģȻҷܻžѾˡ
ҿӣӦڼǰҵǵĺӡ
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ǰλ˵ĴڣʼաֻǽԼһöӰˡ
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˿
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ܵģ뵽ʲôϻһĨΡ
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Ϣ˴£Ȼ˼ɶԷҲֻǹ˼ɰˣ¡

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һֿ񾲵ĹһǿᶨСӺ󣬵ǹһĨЦ⣬תۼš
ҲһĨڴͼΪĽš
һЩ߰㡢ӹŵ˼
ˡ
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С꯶ǻ᲻Σգ
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һ
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һ˿ĲϢϸϸɽԼΧÿһ䣬ûзʲô쳣תȥ
תۣʱȥ
ͥУһԷܿӿ
˵ûУѺ
ôû˵˵Ѿڶʤһطöˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôôõһ˰ϧˣ
ǰ˵¼ΪȻȴҲ˽صĹѺûйҪ˶ãҲͻᱻųˡ
˵ҲǣҪȻҲܹѺڶʤˣ


·һֻδڱƶܿʹ˼ͥ
ͬʱʤ޵ϢҲ֪ôģ˿
漰λ֮׺ͥûм˻ûкģοڶʤ޵
ϢɢԽԽ죬˶Щ˼ʼѰǹѺͥĵط
ܿ죬ϢҲ˾ݣͬʼɢ
ݵĵʮҡ
ҲõϢʱɫһ䣬Щɲ
Щܵη塣
ǰȥ˵
ƽ񾲾£ûʲôȴΪǿᡢֲѹȡ
·ԽûеͷЩ麹ֱð
νһֲٰģΪ˴̺͵
ЩǲܽģǱϾվǵΨá
ðͷ϶Щη塣
ȻһΣǻѡɱ



404 С
Щÿÿ뵽£еҡ
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ѹֵϢƺԽԽŨ²κε̧ͷԼκεľٶ
ĿƽֵĮ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
ҲΪ֪Բη塣
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֪Լ׽вΪֻ֪Լ׽С
֪ΪΣϢͱܵĸоܽšдһʡ
ΣȻ֪ǲǣûеõҺ˵
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಻ұ֤䣬һĮԶǲ˵
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ĿһС϶һַ·𿴵Ĺâ
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еľӨ͸ţû¡
䣬Ҫ̻ᵣĵġ

ջĿ⣬޶ԡ
ʤޡޣϢӵԽԽ㣬ҲʼһЩط
ͥ
ʮУ֮⣬һġС
Ϊϵϣַ
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֮һǳУʮſǳΪֱΪʮǳ졣
ʮſǳУҲŵȡ
Ϊǿ󣬿˵ǳĵģԺĳ֣һֱ̫̫ǳ
ǳΧǳ
̫̫ǵͺ֮ͳһ˽ģ
Ҳˣĵǣ̫󡢵λ̫أ˸ᶯ
ͥɢ̫ϣû֮ˡ
ԭܼ򵥣һǸ˴ǣƣԷס
̫ǣ
ûӦĴ̸ס̫ǣ̫˿
̫ͬ
˺͡ս̫Ҳһʱ䡣
ڣ̫ȴˡ
㺮㺮϶𱻹ΪʮغĵһŮ
λں֮УҲ
̫ϣÿһ䶼ġ
Ĵһˮİ⣬ǹ㺮
͸һɵ䡣
졫ȥõ׷ʲô
嵭·ˮһ͸ܹԹ㺮𣬻͸һǿơ
ǡһ
濶Ѿͷأһ̣ǿƵٴ
ٹ˵ȥˡ
ı£ȥЩǿƵƺЩá
ǡ

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һɽʥزڡ
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ʮǻɢŰ׹⡢˲ֱӣƺֻǼ򵥵šѹǬΰӰһ١
һ̣·ʮӰ˹̧Ŀ⿴Ϸ
ɻΪκȻͣˣ



405 һǵһ
񶦡
ƽΰӰĿ·һˡ
ڡƽˮƺֻǵһʿӦ
ͽѽȥɡԭʼƽĿڵ
·ʮ˶һˣɫһ䡣
лʦָ㡣˹˲ö룬æһЩǵʦ𡢲֪Ǻνѣ
ȥ֪Ԫʼ䡣
ǡӦٶԣתȥ
·ʣµʮˣĸоӴ䡢˶Էɻ
ʦʦͽܡʮ֮׹ӿʵԼɻ󡢻к档
Ԫʼ񶦺ûд
һӶѣȻ˳ϡԪʼ֣ǾͲѰˡ
Ҫ֪ʥҲʱ֪µģֻ漰ʥ˱С
һ漰Ԫʼ𣬵漰٣֪ˣҲһλõʥȥڡ
¾ˣҲᡣ
Ҳ飬һ
ʥ˵ͽͽ࣬ʥһ·ݻɣ
仰˵Ǹ˵
Զڸղ£ӡԼʮ˶ɻ档
ԪʼȻ׹ӵ˼ӭʮɻĿ⣬ƽ֮ͽǳϵĴ󡣡
ʱӵ˸Ӻ棬ʦ׿˵ĻͽԷǷ
ҲȥɡԪʼٴοڣûϸ˵˼
ǡʮӦŸɻ˼ȥ
ƽԪʼ̧ۡƽĿϷˡ

ɽȫȪɽȥв˼ԪʼеĽѡ
Դˣ֡
£֪ݵģֻԪʼˡ
ʵҲԪʼ֪ġ
Ƿ⣬ԪʼҲӡ
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ͷԼͽڰıչأʲôѽ
˼Ƭ̣
üͷһ壬Ϊ꯹ϵ񣬵㵽һЩ
¹ĸ
ʵݵֻҪĸ֣в֮
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ϻʦ׿˵εĽѣܿҪԤϡ
ʱ䣬ĵļ㡣
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Ȼüͷ壬뵽ʦ˵Ǿ䣬֪
һ߳Ȫɽ̽Ϣ
ʱ䣬ֻصȪɽɫӵԼԥ
֮ĸѺڶʤ޵ϢѾΪ
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ԥǲ֪òڸꯡ
ԸһЩʲôٶ
Ҳʱʦ˵Ľѡ
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̾˿ã
ʹøһЩʱ֪ˡҲΡ
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ԥУȻĿһΪ꯳ˣֱ
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ѵ緢ʲô²ɣ

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Уһɫµ˿侲ӣţ˫۷죬֮
ĸף
ĸ׾ڶʤޣ
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Ϊ֪侲Ľ
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ҲֻչôһλͽܣҲ֪ʲôʱλͽܵİԽԽ
ҲǿԷǼΪǿִֹһ棬ƺԼ
ֻ߼ǿִֹķһˡ
һǵһ顣



406 ı
ʲô񶦳
һûԥֹʲô
ʦĸױѺںδ˫ǺģΡ
Ϊ֪񶦸ȥЩ¡
עҪΥȥ
Խֹ֧֣ԽΡ
ҡͷΪʦҲ֪ĸױѺںδ
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ʦȻֻǸһģʾǾ˵Ҳִ¡
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еӰ̫ˡ
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жʱʧȴ˿ĸо
ʦֲá
׼£ֵΪʦȻ֪ȴҲһЩȥѰ
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˼£ɫâһУݸꯡƽΪʦ겻ɽڶʤУҲϵһЩˡ
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ҧӹ˷
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ȥɣмǣҵ֮󲻿
ֻлţܴﵽеĿġɫһ࣬ޱ֣ص˵
ԼͽܣһֱǷǳ侲һȴҲұ֤ˡ
ԸвĿˣľǸжΡ
ʦ˵ֻҪšĸ֣֪һֹػ
ǣӸˡ֣صһٴεͷȥ
񶦻˻֡
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ֱȪɽ̧˫ۣǸӵ
жεȵȽС
ҲΪΣղһֱͷԭ
ѹƲסԼˡ
תٴδĿ⣬Ȫɽ˫ϥȥ𾴡֣صؿͷŻһâȥ

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ߡڣҲ̲סЩŭˣеϢԽӳأ㵱ʲôط
죬Ϊŵס˿壬ɵ߰ǿơ
ŭǿѹȥȴûһ˿ȵ񣬴㣬˭ܶ˵ʲô
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Ůˡ
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ʱ
̫ΪĵʮſǳҲʮǳ졢ǳǹ֮Ȼƺõͥȥ
ʱͥЩҡ
ǳ챾ʮ֮һ֮ĺϣת֮ΪҫģԺĸ
ʱʮǳǳ֮ͥ˵˺ܶ
صģ̫ǵ̫ǵһӾͱΣͥˡ
Ҳͥǳ̫ԭ
Ǵŭ
ΣֻǲֲͥǺġ
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һ죬ǳͥ˼ˣ治ѡ
϶ˣ
ҲһЩ˲֣ͥʮĿ⣬¶Щֻ



407 ҵ
ƺΪ⿴һĻ
ЩĿ˸ıЩʲô
ͥзŭ죬̫ף㺮С
һΪʮغĵһӵ϶ͬŭ
͸ıϣλģû˻ǵӣһΪĹװ
ֻʹʧɫ߲ʣ
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Ϣ߹һɺǿơ
ʦΪβͬ⣿ӯĽŲУһλǳɫװͬŮ˽˵Ȫö
϶ü΢壬ҲΪɻ˵ΪʦҲ֪
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˼Ƭ̣϶ΪʦѾڶʤ֮Ѱңһҵֱӳ־ˣ졣
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ΪȻǿʵ
ĵһ֮ơȴú֮ǡ
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ҪʦһŮһЦ¶ЩƤ֮⣬̬ˡ
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С
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˼һٶȲȥͷǵɫĺۼ˸ŹâɨӷԲ
ͬʱҲڿٷŸֵ鱨Ҫҳܵĵص㡣
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šƹǴϢʼĵط
ϵĿҲԼ٣ʣʮ֮һĵ
һһѰңʮ֮һܹҵ

գۣʱȥ
һ죬Ȼ꯵õһϢڿ޵ĵطһλǿߡ
λǿߣƺʲô
õϢĵһʱ䣬о˾ڴ
һʱ䣬Ǵطȥ
ȫٷ£ʱ䣬һɽҰɽԶ
ݺһҧ⣬Լ侲䵭ɫۼɢ貵ɫâƴ͸գɽ
һʱ䣬㷢λǿߣǿһЩ͸ĸо
ںϵ֮£ȻָܸоԱǿ
ûλǿߣֿɽڲ
һ̣һȫʼ˫˲ͨ죬ϢĶ֮С
Ϊǵ˿ůӰ
ס
ͬʱ
ɽɽеƽ̨ϣһֱƽͷһֻҵĸо˫ۡ
Įˮϣüͷ
񡭡
ʱɫЩֲź͵ǡ
С꯶
дһС꯶
С꯶ˣ
ˣУ̫Σˡ
ηʿȥ
ȻһͻȻ
ʱͼеꯡ
վ𣬻¶͸һɵǣȴκ飬Ϊⷽƽ̨Ҳ޷ⷽƽ̨⡣



408 ʦֵ
ɽԶ꯾һ𣬻ָЩ侲
˼ȫ˼㡣
ݺһҧһɽվɫǵӰһԶȥ
Ϣһ׵ĿӰȥķü
˭
ȥǲ뱾ˣǱĿľѰ
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ңԶͣ΢΢ţǱһޡ
ҵˣ
ôһֱ֧Ǿȳĸס
ߵһ룬ܲ
Ҳⲻ̳ȥ־е顣
һʱңڣǿƽ
ɫһתٴɽȥ
ʱɽԶУɢɫĹâɨɽӾСࡣ
һۣͱܿɫȻ͸ŵģдʹȴҲǿסƹĿ⣬Ǵ
һһ磬ϸϸ
ղѡߣһûаմǿߡ
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ֻ㣬ƴҲܳɹ
ղֻߣܳ嶯ݾߡ
ڷأȻǹ۲еܸаյĳɹ
ʱȻƾŹԼ۵ûбλǿ߷֣꯻ûп͸󷨵
仰˵ûаƳ󷨡
̲ס䣬бͼȣȶ೤ʱ䣬ǿʱ
ǿ߻󷨣ƲȥЩƲ⡣
Ψһаհ취Ǳѹš
κһҧȥ
ͬʱ
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ʵҲòУռ˵ҪȥһλΪС
Ӱ̫ˡ
Ūãͻɲ̺ͥȻ֮ĶšΪС
ȴ¡ȻҪ˼
Ҳһʼ˵ԭ
ǣʦֵܺͲˮ
ο»ֹһλۡ
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ԣҵȵӣķҲǲܡ͵
λһ˼Ҳͷ
ȻĶ˼еĿԡ
ԭҲԼǰȥ죬ǷˣΪһ˺ܿûǸӡ
ʦֵһȥһ̶˲̣Ӧûӣķų
̣ͷˡ



409 ж
ΪԼʦֵһ̶ϡ̡ܴ
Ųȥ
ΪԼͽܵ˽£ȥòжԡ
֮Уʥ˵ȷ߸ϣԴ˺
ȴҲΪΪġ
Ϲ֮ס֮ͥռ۹λۣκ˶СĴڡ
ʥˡ
˼ȻλʦֵҲصǣѴãѺڶʤޣСͽȳ
֪ĵطº˵ܷܲǵݣʹˣӦҲĬϡ
Ŀ΢̫ЦãۼȻѡصĹѺûзֻЩԷȻҲǲô±֪
ֻҪľȳ˳ɻѡĬ
˵˵ͷһλذ׵۵ĵеһοڵʦֿҵڣ
񶦶࿴۵УҲû˼Ѳ˼ˣѾҵ׼ǰȥ
ǻʲôһǰȥˬص
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ѹסˣ˫ڣŭȣʲôϣʲô棿
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Ҷ񡣡һŭ˲ػ谵
ϢŭСͽ֪Ī֡񶦿ڣѹ±ŭꯡ
񶦳̣ôͽܵģ
Ϊͽܣ޾ʹŭ



411 һϯ֮
ŭӣŨ
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Щжҡͷȴû˿
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۲һ棬ʦͽҲѸԸܷ
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ֱըѿɾκˡݺײһ
񶦵Ѹ飬˿

է죬һֻУɫĳ֣һֱɫתգû볤֮С
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޵Ľҫأǿնǿֲ֮ϡ
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첻ÿɷж񶦵ֶͣ˼֡
ܿóʵʵ˵
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鹬С
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ʦܡʱǿˣ
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䣡
εӡԲ˲ʹ·ռеһ֮ղһָǿֺֹһ
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춯صĺǿ˴˴
ڲٵǵĿУǰѾ޽âɣ˫йɺƥƣϷһơ
ǹ˺ܾãһ˲䣬Ǿ޴ӡɢ޽£һȣɫ԰ףĵӡ
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ʦǰͷ˫Ѫ죬Ǵ³һ㣬ǵӵ¡
񶦿ۣʲôû˵죬ƺڵһ



412 ʥ˵
УȴȸҪᶨٱ
ã޳ȫ㡣ɫĮֲٴ̧
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ʦʦӾǿޱȣȥ˭Ҳ֪ᷢ£ӿʦ𡢽͵̫͵վϷ
Ӱվӿʦ𡣡
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һϢҲվ΢΢һ񣺡ʦֵܼæҲ𣿡
ϷΰӰֳĬϢƽǸԸԴ֮
ӸԸһʮӰԥ˵
һԣ̾һȴҲĸο
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ݺΡ޽ٵΣβã
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ĴʧһСŴȴǺȻ顣
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񶦵Ϣأٴһ֣ƴһ㡣
䣡
ۣ

һΣʧʮûһվŵġ
ߣֱɵ˵ϣɫ;
ֻеʱǷ֪жôǿ
ʱЩв֪ͶĿ⣬ΧңԶѾһЩˡ
Ǳ⾪춯صĶ׷Щη
ǽ׼ʥǿߣ֮Ȼеη
ǿʥ˵ӣ
е񶦣û˾Լǿ
ֵ죬



413 ջ
鹬
߽ü
ԶԪ֮ȻԡԲྪȡ
춯ŭԪ֮ʮλ׼ʥܽµġ
Ԫʼ𣬼䲢ûгֵ˼ĸоȡ
һΣЩˣ
Ϊĥ
Ȼ̲ͥжԣڳ־Ȼعӵˣ˳־ȳʦͽпԭġ
ֻҪŵԼʦͽɣ첻᲻ʥӡ
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ٲ֣һһЩ˵ƿ¾ˣ
ʹ첻ٳ֣ʩ˳ͷ֮Ҳܲųֽȡ
ֻᶪݡ
ѲɡҪ񶦵˽гͷ
һʱ䣬ֻоʥѲ⡣

ҵʥؽιС
ڽĽؽ̵ӣ񶦶Խһʱõټ˱ιС
ơܺһڽؽ̵ӳĬ
Щɢ
Ԫ֮½ϣ
Թպյһ仰
Ȼණĸо
սĻ󣬺Ĵֳƽ״̬
ʵģȻҪһĻĻ
ߡߡ澳֣˺ģ档
Ϊɵĺĵһ壬ɶҡ
Щȴǵ£УٶԪǿߣԻԪ֮ġ
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һٶԪǿֵ֮߳٣Ǽû
ǴΣǸտţдʵҲ
ʱơԨԴĲ̵ǵĸдǳ
ǡ

ƽ̨Χʮ޲ˡ
ӵʮЩԳվǸ߿Լ
ʥ˵ӵݣĶû˻ǳ֡
Ԫǿͬˡ
ʮˣǵһġԻԪ֮
ǿĲ˼顣
Լǿбʮ֮ԼҲһЦ
ĽһСƴϣƵҲܳŵʮС
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ƽ̨ϣԭǵǵɫһ㶣Щϲ
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ңԶһЩ鲻ԽЩСΪǲ𣬸ǡ
϶㣡ẰǼ;ϲ
ǹ㺮϶ڶʤѰ䡣
ǰЩЩˣߵĶٸ
ãҵˡ϶ЦڣɲǼ䣬أĿ⣬ƺġ
Ȼü壬Щãһӣƽ̨֮ϡ
꣡
񶦾ùС󷨣顣
üͷһ壬ɨߣȥˡ
϶һߵƽ̨ϣһ
ãˡ϶ϲ̬춯ء
æҡͷллǣ֮˵
ͥУ⣬һЩûá
Ψһοİţ˵һλѡ
ûʲôΪ࣬Ҳûʲô֮ģѡ
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ڿ֮ʱ﷢һ顢ˡ
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꯽סֱۣˣĸס
ôǰС꯶֣Щ˼꯼̡
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ТĿɼΡ񣬲õĶӡ
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ڵԼΧˣûǵȫһ㡣
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϶ɫ΢䣬Ȼ÷ġ
Щģ֪϶ӣԵûȥѰǲ
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϶ĿѾת죬ɫոȫһǧ֮⣬ְ
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ĸӽʵʵܳͷպ
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414 ǹµĶ
ɫӣ죬û˵ʲô
Σ϶Ϊм
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Уǲ֪Զ̫ǣҲȻɢâԳԣ϶Ӧ
ʱĸԱˡ
ǿ߷׷ʤ޵Ľ紦ȥȻ󲿷ֶʲôֻһ㣬˼ġ
ԭأⷽؼһƬžԽԽǿݺײһ
ջЩΡ
붯ֵԭ֮һ̫ڣʹ϶Σ
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ʹ˰֣ȴҲǲܣ桢ʧ
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ΰŨϢ졢϶۵Ŀ⣬ǿȡһֵϡ


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ңԶһɻ
һսӰʹģʹûۡƽҲˣǣ˻ððˡ
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︴ӣȴҲ̧ȥһԣ϶ʣҲѹˣȥ

ŵԽԽֲһ춯ء
ϣϢͬԽǿᣬһĨ
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415 ֤
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ӴԺͥҪˣΪУͥΪУǿ߲ô׼ͥġ
ɲ⣬һ̽
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һڸ𣬳˼֮⣬û˲뿴һսġ
ͥͥںУָһĴ
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Ĭģ˶ûʹ÷ֻǶǧͨоĻΪͨͨһȭһʹ
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ڶؽ̵ȫѣҶ˼ǰһλֵĵˡؽ̴ʦֶ౦˵ʦ𣬶λɵĶԼҲûʹãȻδʹóȫ
һۣͥͥҪƲˣ̣ͥĵλҲΪΡ
֤۵ĵͥǿߣض̫࣬ܡ
Ҳ˲̣Ϊһңʤޡհ̵ĵ̣ͥҲǿˡ
ԭͥ۵λáڣԵΪΡ
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ǡؽڶȥ
һĵ̾Ϣŵտıι𣬵Ͳŵޡ
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񡢾οֲǰһ㡣
͵أ˫һɣЩˡ

ͥ
ʮʶۡ
ɵۣҪˣ
Σϲڳҿ֮ͥʢֻǸʼ




417 ʢ˥뿪
漴һϲõ̸Ц
˻ᣬһº͡ΰ𣺡ҵҲܴ⣬۳ػ෽ɵ
΢΢һʮλ˼Ҳ̫⣬嵽زͲ֪˶ٴڵļɵЩϰˣ
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֣Ҷǰʲôһɫ·Ӱ
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λм䣬ųʡһ˵ķɫƽУһ˿⣬õػũ̩ʣ˻ʣԯɻˡ
Ŀ٣ǧħۡݺᡢԡħʢһսĴ䡣
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ţ꯻ó˶ԱϷĴۣӿٶȣûзԣֻЩ̾Ϣʹ
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һ·֮ϣĸӶܰ˵Щ飬Ĭģ˿ἰκйڵ¡
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ӵСãǾ뿪Ҹ˭Ҳʶǵĵطǰ꯺ȻЦ
ЩĿ⣬ʱʹꯡ
ס۾ķᣬЦŵͷá



418 Ȩ
ߣСáжһһϲ񡣡꯴߽
ͷŲҪЩĿĴѰʲôżЩ
⻤Ȼѷǣȴûж෴ӦϾԴˡ
һߴ濵ķȥһ߰ǿֳһȥǱߡ
ܿ죬꯶ڰ·ϣͼӰ
Ŀ⽻һ˲䣬濺סˡ
ô꣬һֱǿλŮӣҲ̲סứֱ
ס濹ﲻ˼顢ŵ𾪺󣬾ǿϲɱ
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һ̣ס˷濡
ף㣡㣡濹޲þеŴ󷽵ʾȥֻʣ˵ǵСŮ
סףС濶׶ԲǣԺסҲǷˡϲһֻԽꯡһ̷ſһҲ꯱סˡ
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419 ޴Ķ
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420 Ʋ
Ϣ󣬵û̫ϡ
Сһǣ̫̫࣬顢塢Ļġ
ƣֻҪʵһֱѹŶԷͲӳġ
ôӣʵҲ֪ʲôȥԡ
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һҵĴ֮ӣһᱻΪ̫ӡ
ǵ˴ڡĴ֮ӣһᱻΪӡ
ȻҲͳƺΪˡ



421 ɵ
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422 ΪС
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423 ʦΪ
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424 ʮ
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ʦҵմȾԭʼ΢ʵ

˶ЩüȴҲˡ
ٲжȻմȾ



429 Сǿ
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һᣬӰȺһŵƵӰ߽ٴĿ⡣



430 ڶǿ
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437 ĸСһ
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ߵȻ׼ʹôԱڣȶݣΪ̽Ҳô򵥵ġ
ԥһ㣬ӵôõĵطνǸٹ̡
Ҳ˺üʱ䣬ȶðϰģʽ
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438 ͽ
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һߣԶ֮ʯȶмĶ̫ҵ˴Ǹлˣ
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οʱڣֵȷ˳֡
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ܵģʵЦˣˣЦʲôϷ
š
ԼԹԵصףٶ˵
濴ݣֻоеļࡣ
ҡҲЩѰ
ûжãؿˣͨƣ԰ǰɫ
ͬʱͥУ쾵࿴ؿü
쾵ǴסˣеĶ
Ҳûж룬࿴ؿҲֻΪԷһϾڳ衣
˭֪ûʲô⡣
ЩʱҲʱ̶࿴ŵģͨ쾵ӦؿΣա
ڵԼӦ˺ؿԼǺŵġ
ο˫µԼԷü£Բؿʲô
쾵ȥԼ顣

ףУؿ첽߽԰ִţ̤ݣɫޱȼĿšڰߡ
׺񡭡
һЩҲûж룬ټǰڵأ˫ۺˣףݼףТ겻ף
̶ʱ䣬ƺһ˶ʮļĿ񣬴ʧбƽƽ
¶ʲôġ
Ӱ߳ǰؿҶ
ؿ˳վĿĿż
˫ġ޷ߵУŲؿ
òؿЩӦ
ҶΪúÿҶЩƽ˵
ؿͷӼޱȡ
Ϣ˫ƽϢࡣ
Ųؿ˫ۣƽҶɺã˺ֵز
ؿһǰһ⻹ãһ⡢ȴоЩ
ʵʵصףһнԺãĸ׵ܵҲãֻʱ̹Ÿס
£вҵѴ׼ʥеȲΡ
׼ʥеȲΡĿ£߶һڵ滮ʵΣҲ֪ġ
һȲΡ
ЩصҶߵΣ
ؿŨˣü˳֪Щк⣿
ûлشʵʦǣϵˣ
ؿһ㶣ĿżǺεأ
ֻ
ŤɻУǵûصûУʦѾܾûϵ
ŲؿҪʲôƵģؿĲüѣоɻ
Σ̾ϢһĿתϣҶΪԲ㣡
Ǻ⣿ؿЩƣֻоԴ̤ݺ󣬾;
ҲЩ衣



471 ɱ
Ǳ˫ۣûлشؿĻϵϣ˵ıΪ㡢ȴδϸĽ㣬ΪĴ
ףǺãøʧˡؿæҡͷ̽ŵ
ԹԵΪ壬壬ġȴ塣
ؿɫ䣬ףǺ⣿
Ϊһ棬壬壬Ϊ档
κλ֮ڡǳԼС
ƽдűòؿδйĻҡ
ס
ҵĶӣҲܿһ塣˫ۣһƬļᶨ
ףûУᰡؿҵ˵
Դʵﵽ׼ʥеȲ֮󣬲ʱģһЩ𣬵δ塢ôңԶ顣
Ǽ˵Щ˼ѾоǰδеΣϢ
㲻ȥޱ֮ģŲؿҪԶĿֱݡ
ףؿЩˡ
ΪԲ㣬ΪһҪ֣ڲؿϡ
ؿ˲ɫޱ䣬֡⡢ãȻš
㶵Ŀż
ֻ˫Щˡ
䣡
εʱΧգգۼ䣬ŴҪ˵ʲôȴ˵ڵĲؿʵ顢黯ޣûֹ
һ̣˻ȥڣٴֻʣһˡ
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ƫƫǸоһɺ⡣

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ԼĵһʼͲѰ
Ϸͣʱ
Щɱ˲ؿ
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ΪΪʲôԼ˼Щҡ
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Ȼǵ߱ģôˣ
ͣһ£ĮΪɱ
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Ǽʧǰ񡢹´ѳɣ֧ͥڹ£Ҳ֧ڹ£Կ
ңҲᡣ
ˣԲ̲ؿ카µϵ
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ģЩĪ⣬¡ֻǸһڣһɣŹ¸ĽɣȥԼ¡
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ڲؿȥһ̣޾ǿպС
һƣǻǧꡢǰϦĻɽΪȡ
ƺһ̾Ҫȫ


ޱȡŭطѹղ
Ŀŭգ쾵ؿˣ
ؿȻˣ

Ȼ֪ؿôģ˭
ֻ֪һ㣬Ըйء
ˣһҴ£
һڷϣŭ
Ŀû뵽µ񣬾⡣


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ޱһУʧܡҲԼ¡
ɣ
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ٽ٣Ҫȥչˣֻٶ˵һ䣬ޱվܵܡƺЩƣ̾ϢšԶȥ
ͫһĿ仯ЩβŻָŭ𣬵·ݷ

ԼһֵµĴϷ֮󣬵Ӱ˵۹
ǳĵĵȴš
һ
ִ̽һռͨŹâӰ˵۵С
ֱۣ䣬ƺŭ
빴ֶ
ŵж͸Ż档
ȻΥǵԼȣһԲϡֵӡ
ɫ䣬Ǹ˵ŭ𣬵Υˣ
ؿˡ±
ҪǴٽ٣Ҫǵ˵ۣǿǰľͲӰˡ
¿ûɱؿ˼˵˾䣬ȫ
졢һϾˡ
ΪҲǣнǴŭ
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ԭܼ򵥣Է棬ǸżˡԸ塣
û뵽ü˴£ɱ˲ؿ
˲䣬ŭ𲻼
Σؿ֮Ըйء
һԴٳɡ
ؿˣ㲻һŵ



472 û
еıŭƺܻһС
˫΢Уӹȥ͵Ҫǽ
졢˫ͻĵɴЩš
㣡˫ȭսӰɢҫ۵Ĺâ
ĿԽ˿档
һһסҪĹ£ŭЦãһһ˵ۣ޾Ϳܲ񵽺ʱ
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ǷЩЦͲмһʼ֪ؿȥ彻ףʽ˽
ǰЩĬĹϵתΪС
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ûٽ̫ϣȻϹ֮Уȥ̫ĺ֮⣬Ϊµġ
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ʵ򲻿һ
ҪǣûǸʵ
嫺У˺ֻ̣Ǹʵñ˴ٴС
Ҳֻ˫֡


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ø˵ۣǰСˡŭ˫ת
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찵ЩͷۣȻŭ˼¡
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Щʧ˴֮˵
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ݱˣŭĿ졣
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裬ؿȻ䣬ʧˡ
ȥһh󣬾Ͳ䷵ء
в˲²⣬ͬˡ
Ȼʲô²Ϳܣû˸Ҷ˵ʲô
ڲؿhĵ죬һּ˳Ұ
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˵ԡͿԣ׼һ£ȥɣú᪣ȴͳϡȻɻȻɡļµǿơɡ
ǣּл¡ɫһЩм



473 ֵƼ
ۼһ֡
ˡһ
˳˵۵Ŀ֮£̹Ȼȥ֮С
ǣԭۣ˴룬̲סĿͶ򼧲š
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ϾǧڣؿѾʵʵ˼᪣һʧӰ
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μүТϷºЦ⿴Լļ
Тض񡣡æ̬ȷǳº͡
лүβִżֹ
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ҡٰܲзТһ£
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ôࡣ΢Ц漴һԣɡ
ӰӺ߳һӰ
᪶ӣ
ͬͷɢʱļͷȻԵЩҺ񣬵ҲԵóȡΪ
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ΣɫеĸмԽŨȥԶԡ
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ǡסҲǸˣֶŹЦТ֡
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ˣ͸ΪߣϤ᪻ҵɡٴ̾ϢһЩįԵʧ䡣
ٴӦǣҲߣֻļᶨüҲġ

һߣһ·ɫȻĻصС
طȻȥЩŹ֡
Ԥ֮ľϲ˵̫˳֮Щǡ



474 òġõ
̫˳ˣ
üͷ壬˳ǡ
ؿȥ֮£Ϊע⼧˿²⵽γ֮Упɱؿ
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ˣŲǱߵ̫ӺͷС
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˫־ͬϣ̸ĺ˳Լüͥ

ҴҼ䣬ȥ
һգӰ᪵ؽ硣
ӰУǺڻɫ۵Ӱһ٣ǸоʲôĿЩɫʵʦ֣᪵ؽ磬ʦֿкθ򣿡
һɫ۵ߣ΢΢ҡͷɫ̾Ϣʦֲͷʦ꣬ʦǲ֪
ʦ⻰̫ˡһ˵
漴ЩȻʦ֣֪ΪΣ᪵ؽʦܺȻ͸оƺԵ
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Ϊһд˸о
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һͬȥѲһӣ;УȻƺЦТ˵᪳λ֪ͣɷ˵
Щɻ󣬡˵֪Ǻδܾͣӣ
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һǣ׺͡崺ĸо
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ԹҲǲɿǵʵҲܽܵġ
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ǿȻҲоǹǿ󵽿ֲƣвõԤԽԽŨ
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һԣһλӺݻ󡢽ɫ۷ľŮЩĮĿ֪Щʲô
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ĿǳƣĸоŨˡ
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480 ꡢһվȥ
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ͬΣ¡ûһԶ
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壬ѹһС
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ҲûҿԵȥӭս

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ĻŮĿһʾŭ̫֮⣬˵֮£ꡢһվȥ
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ǾֻܽһˡԪʼ
ղһֱڵͨĿ罣ֱԯеĽսӿ֡
ԯͬˣεĽƣ˲ײһá
֮ԸһˡͨǷ˿˿Ц⣬Ϊ˷ܣҲֳաȻһ˿
ͬԯսӿ
λΪǿλýߣҪӰ̫˫ͽֲ֪ٴˡ
ãǾߡͨ콣ָһǰ飬һͨĵ·֣˽ȥ
ԯҲԥһ֣߽ͬͨ
˿ţҢ˴һ𡣡
аͼһתǰ飬ͨ֡
һƴҢۡ˴ۡ˽ȥ



481 ս
ȻũӡԪʼˣһ롣
Ӷ˿ͥǰ飬ͬʱ߽ȥ
ũӴͨӰʧ
Ůһ̾Ŷȥ
䣬ԭֻʣһ۶档
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ͨԯˣ
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ҧҧֳһ˿ͨԶޱеļˡ
ޱֵǣϹµͨܿϵˡ
ʥӡʥǾôԹۣǰ;ۼһˣȻ
¡ޱֵܣһƿһȡ
¸λǿԪ˧ͳΪ˴Ԫ˧
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һֱڽעŹǶĴԪ˧Ŀһۣء
ʥȻǸ˹±£ҵҪ΢ǣܳ֡
ߣƣޱǻк³𣿡
ʥһĬ
ڣ˵۽𣬴ʱǣȳ綼Ҫ𡣡¼
ĴԪ˧гԥĬƬ̣Ԫ˧Ŀ⿴ʥ



482 ֮ǿ
ˣ̽ʥʥǿǰ涥ţûиľԸǡ
ֻҪǴˣͿԶɹѡ
ʥɫҲԥ˵١
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Ů洡ҢռϷ磬Ʒ鱦ǿлɢ罣
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ͬУ¼ûһж澳Ҳпܣ˴ʵԽԽСĵ۾ͻʾܡ
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Ҳǿ󵽼ԭ֮һ
ÿһ涼Ƕ⣬κȱݣΧڶڡĽʺޡ
ûˡ
Ϊʥˡ

Ϊڻж⣬ԱʡŮ洶ǿ
Դ̹ţûдܱǸ߹󣬳Ϊʥ˺ҲϿɡ
ͬһԴֵܣìܣҲֵܣִӲȱ
棬Ҳдĳһܸȡ
ûκδڣܹÿһȫȵġ
壬ǿ󵽽޵е塣
ԹĽʼɵȴ޿κε塣
գۼ䣬ٴδսһ𣬵ȴǷת˹ԪʼռһϷ硣
ԭܼ򵥣Ȼ֮ͬŮ洱ʵԪʼһ㣬Ԫʼһ㣬ҲԪʼ
ͲСˡ
Ң۵ĴڣҲȫֲЩࡣ
ȻҢֲʣĲССʱԷֳʤ
ֳ̹ᦵԪʼҲֻռһϷ硣
ϢͨҲ֮
ƱɣƳ׷תԯ˴ۡۺݺѹ·硣
İѽĽӼࡣ
һߣ˶ɨۣһüҲൣġ
ԯ˲ǶϣƴȫסԷһʱգҲǿԵġ
Ҫģʱ䡣
ԶҲû̫ӣԷ֮ĻǶ֣Ҳûʲôʤ㡣
ڣ˫˴ű˴ˡ
ǻҲܰԯһѣԸͨʹġصɽ



483 Ϲأ
Ҳǲ꣬ûе֮˼ƺҲžȥ
硢ںعۿڶڣĪ֮࣬Ǹоһɳصѹ
𣬳Ϊĵһ塣
֮ɽѹˡͷϡ
ζĻᶼûС
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ҲһЩڣʱ޿̲ŷ
˴˫ս
˵Щ˴ϲлˣ
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ǿǿиɻ
۷ʱ塣
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ͬǿʵǲ塣
ǿߺ֮ࣿ
ۼԪھĹһ
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Ŀɻ˵ۡ껡档
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ȫ룬ܵУ
ǶλʵϿɵĴڣҲġ̫ˣ
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ܲءĬ
˵۵˫һֱŽ⣬֮ͥսǿ֮սŻһս
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ڵľ棬ҲƶɡĹ͡
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ͬЩһҲڼɵɵ塢Լʵ
塢˵ۡ
ԼҪʲôͥʵ̫ǿҲ϶ǻĿģѹ谭
Ȼ˫壬塢ʵʺϵĻɵȴҲֻͨļɵ
ͬˡ
Ҳòϣǿиɻû㡣
Ըǣʵ̫ˡ
ǵĴڣκκ׳־ߡƲȥġ
ֹһΣҲûʲôõİ취
ʱѹЩ뷨һۻ磬תͥǿ֮ս
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˫һͷһоȻ
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ʥޱһҲҪΪУĮĿ򹴳֮ˡ
Ǹõʥˡ
ʥɫƽޱһΪУһޱһ빲ֻܱǸˡ
λȥķ
һԹ³Ĭ䲻˹ҲѡĬϣ˿ֱȥ׷
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нĴܹ¡
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޾Ϳкαޣºʾһĳдŭ仹۾۷壬ҲĿֲк
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򡡢濴˼ۣûٶ࿴Ŀתʥˡ
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̡ʥƲ̫ĵ⡣
һüȻСġ
漴ӭһһߡ
İɫ֣ɢȵϢ嫺ߡ
ͷûд⡣
ײ˼Ȼµ˸ҳսǶ˰ա
ֻʣһˣҲ˶Ըķ
Ŀ⿴ʮˣֻʮϿնȻһɫͼ
ͼںޱߣɢ޾âǳ
ǹµļƷ鱦ǳͼ
һ̣ʮ˾ͳǳͼǳͼ̹âʢΧǳҲһϵ档
ûѣȻˣսӿ䵭Ϳ֧Ŷã
һȭǳͼǳͼâŨһЩ档
䣡
תۼ䣬ǳУͳ
ҵսҲĿ˹
ǳеһЩڣĿΪãҲûֹ
ǿŽߣԴµƣҲóȻֻֽš

ͥԶ
ǿеĴսҲ˲Ŀ¡
֮ǹµĴڣɢһѹ
¾Ҫ߸ǿǰȥսˡ
ֿһۣͽעת
Ŀģ˲֪Щʲô
һƴˣǰһŹâһһ
ٲȥݹ޲ˡһסĮ
ˣӲˣ˭Ҳﲻ㡣
ƾ㣿磬ƺŭˣд˿м
ϹأȻﻹδڣһĮԵ
·Ϊưĺ嵴ء



484 ֮ӳ֡ս
ʱ䡢һ
һӰԶӴѹգʹʧɫ
ɫ΢䣬˿˿ļɵ֮Ŀ罣ȥ
ͦϡͬĿˣǵȴãڵȴĵ
ٴɫҲ΢䣬Ŀӻ֮תƵ
˵۵ͥȻƾֵõط
ĿˮĮƽȴ˵ޱǿѹ쵭Į쾳콣ɫƽ죬ͥʮ죬Ըѹǧ꣬°ˡ
ĿһɣЩЩŭЦ룬ûûΪܽô
˵ǾΪѡĬϣĸȻһЦԲɫΪơ
Ǿԡɫһȭ̧𣬺Ȼûж˵κһϻ
򵥵һȭƬغȻΪ֮
졢˶΢ƺû뵽˹ϵس֡
ͬʱ֣ﳤնûʲôһһ뷨
гӭϣ쾳âʢâΧм䡣
䣡
죬ռ飬ض
콣âһȭһֱӷ飬ʣµݺݴ쾵Ļâϡ
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Ȼһ֮£ȫ·硣
д𣬸ոձѹƵһɨգܣ׷ȥһٴնͬˡ
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תΪʵķȣһܸߡ
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£򵥵سȭͽѹ·磬ЩǱ
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485 ˻ˡʥ
ɫһȻޱȣ˿˿֮֡
һһգʧ١
Ŀ΢䣬˿˿õԤ
ͼѾ콣ն˶ԷвõԤȻ࣬Ҫܡ
Ȼˡ
һȫͷβߴɡɢޱȹΰ׳۵ĳǺȻ֮С
˭Ҳ֪ǺʱֵģǴһʼϹʱǶ겻ࡣ
ǣ
ڶγ嫺ģֵһǡ
ޱΰѹ֣֮˳ӿӿ֮
еһСֹˣ
ͦϡͬĸÿһռ䣬ÿһ˲ʱ䡣
ȫֹ
һ̣СǿС˷еĿ⣬˹
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Լ֮ϣΰӰ
˫̤ǡ֧Ƭ죬ѹס޾ء
ΰޱߡصķɣûУĿⶼʡ
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䣬ҲΪ˶ɹٵһ
ߣ١ѵΪ˶ɹ٣ͿԲһУ
ʲʲô٣棬;ܷŹԯһߣεĵ⡣
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˵ʧˣ
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һĨɫҲΪ񣬵ֱ껶ռ˸Ϸ磬һʱЩǱ



486 ̸
ֲֳܲ񣬹עе
ΪһеĴս
ʥ棬ܿܵ´սֹͣ¡
֪ʱӦԣֻܳš
֮УۿΪԯԪʼսԽڣ֮̾ѣۺˡ֮Σ
ʱǴٸոտλ治ϰݣսȥ
ٵܻᱻλѡ̼ȫʱΣ
λӦ֪
˻һʵˡ塢ǰйۿڶڣɫһЩĬ
񡢵ȷпܣ
ʱٸոտĻһһ¡һսһսЩ۵Ľйȥ
һЩټһЩͽ
пܣһֱȥ̫Σйɾ
Ȼǰδ٣˭ûˡ
ֻйͷһ֣չյĴսȫ
ҲҲпйͷһֺ󣬲һ̶ȵĴսͷʣµĽйͷˡ
ʱսȥǵĲΣսҵһ̶ȣһн
Ҳǲܷġ
ʱ
Ȼڶжһ
ΪʱսǣҲܵӰ졣
ʵҲˣʱ롣
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ͬûս׼
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˫Ҳڣոյͣǵʥֻǵͷʾ£ֱͥȥ
ʥҲ⣬Ӱܿʧ١
ڣĬĬغģۿ

ʱƷŭģɾǹˡ
ʱ̹עŻףǿߺܿҪ鷳
Ű취һֱҲû˼Ҳʼ
ҲûҪô˼ˡ
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룬غĵʵͣ£Ŀ⿴ǿ֮սķ
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û뵽ֱӾ͹ˣҲܶû˻ᡣ
ͨѹơƵԯ˺ҪЩƶйϡ
Զۣûκη֮
ҲںʲôԶ١
ǿ߶ƣһʱ
ֱʶۣΪ˲ܵĻᡣ
ʮУ¾ͱܡ
ʥҲһûӵ
ץͥȥ
ǳһ̾Ϣ

ͥԶ
ĸ󣬵վԭرۻָϢȷˣֻԼ֮⣬û֪˵Ρ
Ҳ˵վԭءΪ
ʱҲҪǶʲôȴɡ
ûжãһâ֣塢Ů洡ˡҢ۳֡
˫ֹۣͣϢ
ĿйСк桢ƽ
˰䣬ͷġ
Ĭĵȴţʱũ˴Źһ˵
ӿ𣬳׷һƬռ䡣
κ˶ǵ̸
ĸʧȷǡԪʼȿڵ
Բ븶ۡûжķϻ˳
Ƕɱ첻ܡ
岻ͬ⣬ܶڶͬ⡣
Ͼۡ
λڣ
һ쾵콣ɫƽԿԸǣټһ졣
쾵񱾾ģԴΪۣЦԯ
⿴һ˿
һ֮Ҳһͬӡ
ӡ졢ĸʱ߲ѣԯ
ǵԪʼһü
ʼӣͿʼ˰顣
׼˵ͻȻƽ˶ˡãһЩ˱ܿɡ
ʡŮ洵Ŀⶼ˼
ãҵˡ˵ۡ˳
˶ԣܴλڡ
Ҳǿλڡ
ŮʦҲǱܿΪã漰̫ࡢ㲻áӿŮ洣Ȼ
ŮĿҲԣһֹסüʣҲá
ٴӿ𣬽Ǻ͵Χ
졢Ů洵ˣ棬
д˼ȴ



487 
Χ֮£Ψ塢ʡߵӰڣȫ
ʡдž˼塣
ƲˣֻˣʲôĿģ
Ѳǵ̸ݱй¶ˣ
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ǲͬ顣
Ϊ޺̸øٵ֪й¶ȥҲġ
кҪ󣿽Կ˵ɫºһ֣
ѹǧ꣬ӡһ֮
ũԯɫȻ֪Щ
Ҳˣոն̶ʱ䣬˾͸˵ЩҲͬ
ʱĿ棬壬뿴Щ
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ͬˣ
ǵԣһʱЩûӦ
ǿӡһ֮
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ʱ
˳Ĭˣǵм˼Ŀġ
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֮ӡνԼֶΡ
˫ѾǷûѵѡ
Թڴ֮лߴ֮Ÿá
ԣһ֮Ҫھ͸
ɡٴμ򵥵ͬˣҲʡٴһоЩ˼顣
ôͬˣ
򵥵Ǿɻ
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488 䡢
˶ԣӡֻ൱ѰƷ鱦Ӳʲô
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489 ʽȨ
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Ϊ죬ҵþ䣬ǿʵԴʡˣƺָ
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490 
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491 顢׼
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ĳλӸ
ûٶ˵󣬵ж˿أ١ȸɡͳڼּ
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ءԸ߻ὫѼ̵ϢǣҳԸǵķ
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ɫȻּ
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ʱ䣬̳ÿȥûʲô쳣
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ͬʱ᪹ٳ˲С𶯡



492 
깫ʦֵܶ˽󣬲ûбʵʵĸλ
ֻǸԼߣ
ˣҲһϳûиеʲôв
ʵϣûʵʵĸλɸڼ߰ȴõıֻᡣ
̶һʱ䣬˾չֳԸһȵı졢ǻۡ
ǵʵķڷ
漴ͱ˸λ
ҲʲôϾѾ֤Լʵ
ͷȻǷȱһЩպǡ
ɽ֮ڣ˵ְλȨԽԽÿһ궼һ̨ףٶ֮˶ЩӦ
̶ʱ䣬Ѿة࣬
깫˸ة࣬񲿴򣬸һ⽻ˡ
᪹ٳν𶯲ϡ
Ǽǻ˵Ǹʵѹˡ
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̸֧սĵѾĬĬɡ
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ͥ죬վͥĵ̣Ե˻ƹ֧սء
Ĺ硢ʮԵһ֧սؼɡ
카죬Ϊµã˷³Լ֧սء
ʮؼ硢һ֧սء
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սϢѾͷ˫׼ԽԽࡣ
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ա
פԥݱ߾ĻƷɻ֮УȻƷɻϢǡ
һײ㣬ﵽһΡ
ͬʱ޾Ļ׷ӿԺУǵƺܶصΰӰɢ貵Ľ⡣
ϵϢҲˣӳȡΪ˷â
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塭ûˣ
Ϣɫһ䡣
ӷâűΪ˳ȣڻƷɻĳȡ
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塢ס޶
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ڤظڻƷɻͻʱǷ·ƽ͵ľŮһ㶡
ģһ޷Ŀϲ
磡
ŲһҪǰȥӲ
Уʱ
ǰȥδز¶ۼ
˶񣬱˫ۣ˳ĸӦϵһ˿־ǰȥ
ʡ
Ʒɻ˼šԥš
ȻĿһͬǿϲɫæ˫ۣ
һϢƷɻõ֣Ŀ¶ڴ
ϢһƻɫĹâ֪ӺδΪһŮӡ
ƽ͡
һ˲䣬ͱ˼
磡
Сã
ƷɻŮӴϲ˫ĿЩ죬첽߽˫ֽһ
硢ڻˣŮǲƽ
ᣬǲһЯֶȹֵܽáֻʣԼһ˵Ĺ¶į
ô꣬һ˻ˣ
СãˡƷɻ͸ЩǸ⡣
Ůҡͷֻ࣬ϧСܣôҲܸλֳڤ㡣
ܲǡƷɻæ˵Ǹθܣ壬ֺСôࣿ
Ůٴҡͷö˿֮顣



493 ת֮ѡ
硢кδ㣿ظָҲܴۡһᣬƽŮӹе
Ʒɻɫʱ΢ԥ֮⡣
硭Ůɻؽ˾䣬ʵɻҪ
Ʒɻϵԥ֮ԽŨĬһ̾Сãǣ
˶壬Ƿ̵ģʹȥ˵вҲǰװ׵塣
Ů΢΢һüǵ磬Ǵ֮ʱȥ̫Σա
ǣֱһӵظɣǱߣҵ̸һЩ۾ˡ
ƷɻҡͷСãΣաηģ
֪ǵңõģҶѾһΣζСЩġ
ҴΣաȴҲǻҲ˵ΪָʵޱѣҲδ٣лᡣ
磬ָʵСй뷨ŮһҡͷȻһսĴ飬λֳľѪɢ岿ޣûء
ɽȡյĲɽ岿޴أԽɽȡɢ岿޵ľѪָʱһָܻ۷ʵƶһ¥
ƷɻĿһ˼Ƭ̣¶Ц⣺ãʱҲҪȥôΪһսȥ顣
˼ǣŮ뵽ʲô
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Ҽܻ˶飬塢̴ӴǷҲܸĻָʵ
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ʹԲֻҪ˷ͿָԪ֮
ҲһΣԵģϾ񾿾кãҲȫ
СòõģΣղʲôҴ˵Ҵ֮ʱС㻤סҵ飬ֱ͵ɽȥҲûʲôƷɻЦ
е˼ҲܼᶨŮ˼Ƭ̣һ̾ˣ硢Сò㣬Сġްزɴ顣
Ҫָ׷ڵǱȥġ
ƷɻߵҪȥǾȥ֮һС
Գ⣬ĶνΨһˣָޱѡ
ġƷɻºοһЦ
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Ʒɻдʹֻλ
Я߹ꡢͬĥѵʮãֻʣλ
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ʱҪԴͨͶֻصȴʱת
Ҳֻֻתܽ־ΪΨһǿ߶ԣҲǻָ;
תô򵥵ġ
ǿ߶ԣǿ鴦ްʱǺתͱ繴תˣ鲢޴󰭡
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ο鶼ûУֻһĨ־¡
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ϵѣǴʱڣ¶Сĵʱ򡣡Ůʵ
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СôδСŮĿһ棬˭Сλ˵ۣ
ȻҲᣬԼĻƺСˡ
Ʒɻ˫ĿΪأָȥ֮£Ҹ˵۵Ĺϵ֮˽֮࣬ȴܸоɲ⡢ûмޡ
ֶ֮ࡢ֮ҿ˼ɵ
ҵĸо񡢸ӿ¡
Ůһ۷ʱ޼ɡ
ȴʤ壬ʱǿ߲٣Ů洡ˡȵȡ
ʮ׼ɵģǶԿġ
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۵ۿ̫һ
̫һƾ豾ʵ۵ۿƾ豾˵ļơǸֶεȵȡ
ͥģ۵ۿʵǿĶ̫һ
ͳҲǵۿڡ
ɴ˿ɼ֪ۿĿ¡
ۼ˵Ȩƣۿνǵʱĺʵĵһ
Ͼʮƽȣǹͬ¡
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˵˵۱ȵۿӿ£˵Ʒɻˡ
ŮӻھȣƷɻȴҡҡͷֹˡ



494 ˵۵̸
ŮĿһŻƷɻһ֡
˵۳Ǹֶθ񣬱ʵ֮Ƿ˼һǱëǿˡҶȡƷɻ
Ůж˼ֹоδ硢׳̹Ÿ֮⡢ûǰƳһ
ëָǶ̫һ
Ǹʱ۵ۿ˵˫Ȩƣͥĺġԡ
̫һġϢ֧ͥ
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Ǹ涼ǿ̾Ϣ
δʥǰ˵дܸһϸ¡
ô뵽ģֻһˡ
ǳŮ洡ȴڣǶ̫һ
Ψһϸ£ȻǵԵ
˵Ȼǰ˵۱ۿ̫һҪ˼ɵĴڡ
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Ҳǰ˵ߣӡ̫һʱ仹δӦûŤת뷨ԭ
ţҲû˵۵ȷµκ˼ɵ
ֻۿ̫һ̫޷󣬱֮Ĵڸ޷ŻЩš
Դɻ˾䣺˼ǣ
˵֮ԶĺͬˣǸ˵ֻúã᲻ҴӶݲҡ
ûʵ˺֮¡Ǵ̳֮ǰ룬ֻ糣ԴңźءƷɻ¶ЩЦ⡢Ϊƶ
ޣŮЩ棬ЩǣǣСҽٰ𣿡
ᡣƷɻûԥǸıǶ˶ԡ
Լˣġ
ôŮӾȵ
ƷɻƺЩΣףЩ۷ͦġ
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飬ȴǸ˽Ľ
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ʱͻƣԶأҵ飬Ϊ棬Ѵ¸˵ۡ
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Ů΢΢ףȻѾˣݵ£ûڴϡʲô飬ǾҲá
գڵȻˣСǰݣȥ˵һᡣ
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磬ĻСÿɣŮһЦԵһս󣬽Ц࣬֮ա
ҲǡƷɻˬĴЦҲû˿
һЯ߹ĥѡ˴ͬãĻʲô
СõʱҲҪСģһǴ֮ˡԴ̲֮ǰ˵Һ֮¡
֮Ͳһˣ˵ͻ壬ȴպãԺԴ̲ƷɻЩ˵
Ů˼ĵͷ΢΢һЦ˵İ
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ƷɻοһЦͷ
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ˡ
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˵۴򿪵ƸͨƷɻͷ
һͣ٣ͳ˿ռ䣬һռͨ֡
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ּµƽԼµİԵɽȻͬϢںΪһ塣
һ֮ԵϹ֮һʮ֮һƹֻصĺ



495 ޱȵļɵ
ʱ䣬˫Ŀ⽻֯
һĮˮء
һƽˮݰ
޾Ĵ˫ĿӿУˡ
˵۴յһƽ紺ʹأĪİ
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ڽƷɻ˵Ǹܡ
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499 ¶ʵ
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500 һ
Ӳҡ־ɫһæ˵
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501 ȥָ
ӦУǵѾݺն˶󷨽ϡ
ҵĺżж֮˵ġ
󷨺ͽ⵽ƻ
󷨽֮ڣϢʼ
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һŭһֻͷȻ֣ɣ¾׺ϢƬơ
Ϊֶε϶֣һʼǾϳ˭
ҲǿһͷڶĶ֮ԽԱһֻֻȻ֣ŭ

мζŨ˼֣ڶն
һΣֹһ⣬ʮﵽ׼ʥеȲεĹжʮ׼ʥȲεĹһݺݺ󷨽ơ
֣˻еϣ״ƣ׶ԷûκνͶ˼ʱΨս
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502 𡢰ӿ
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Χ壬ͳ߳ޣǺĸĬΪ
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ϾǴ٣û㹻棬Ǿ¶ͷ˴١



503 硢֮
һ˴٣ǾͲԼˣ˶˲ˡ
Ŀޡܻһ
һƺҪʩѹжѾչ
жʲôزжٴڻȫȥû֪ˡ
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ڴٹֳʤЩ֣кξ壿
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Ϊֱ˶ģɱжˣ̲Զ֮ɢ̵òʲô
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Լа붦֮Ʋ࣬ʵѲ١
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ܹԼ֮ÿһƽ붦
ĸ붦ޱԴ֮Ҳ͵˵С
ʵϣģʵϵõĺô̫ࡣ
ϣƶԴ̵Χĺô޷ȷĺô
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ĹҪԼˣʮǴʵͻͽԭ
˶гɳġ
Ʒ۷磬ôǰԽһ󲽡
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ҲǴڳڶλȷ׼ʥߵȲʵȻ˳á
Щ߲Ͻ֮λ齨һսΪ˴ս׼
ˣڳҲܵ˼ѹ
ΪУûһλӵ׼ʥߵȲεʵɱݺݱȥ
֪ʱӦҲܽܵġ
ϾȵڣǲŻˡǻ۾ͬʱҲǾġ
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ǧңгùԱҲѧԺѧӡ
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˰ֻơĳɶԽλ׼ʥеȲε˽ȥ
Ϊ׼ʥеȲǿٽȥѾòˡ
Ĺ٣ǵĵϢϢأͻƣ̸ǿС
Ѧʹ佫࣬ǳҪľ
̸ǿǵĵǰ
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ʱĵ±֪Щˡ
ǽȥҲûãסǵĲʱ䣬ĻԵ
١ݡ³Щͻûô׵ģƷ۷磬ҵʵĻԵǳѣһλһЩܣλȫˡ
ǱϾֻһƷ磬Եûǽȥ
ĳ佫ߵ֮ǿˡ
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ҪĲʱ䣬ǻԵ
˵ˣǵǱѾﵽ˶壬ʱȥͻơ
Ψĳɶ˲ͬ
Ǹ̵ϵĳɶƶˣֻռһС֡
ҪģС
клǲùңҲܿͻơ
Ƕ˽õĴ֮Ȳϰˡ
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ȵ׼ʥߵȲΣǶҲֻܽȴԽǧĴ֮
Խ˸ˣҪ֮
ʱߵǽ̻֮ȥΪʡ
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ºũ˵۵֣ޱȵó֮ƿȨӸ
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һؼʱ̣ǲȥĺáũ֣ڴĿŵָ
ӹ֮ƿȨɫͬļΪ֣أһͷûж˵ʲô



504 ۿ϶
ʱԱκﶼҪɿ
㣬֮˵ɻӡ
ΣһֱڼͥҲò顣
ĳɣ򲻵ѣҲûȥ˼
ɣǸֻǿ֮Ż࣬ɱȡʧȥ֮¡
ŮеһɣŮ⣬ܲҪǲҪĺá
һСҪˣũ̲סֵһ䡣
ʱͷԯҲڶģĵܴ塢ɹδ٣Ȼøǿ
עĳ룬ǶھȫעϵѹκС
ҲôΪشľ
䲻
Ŀ֣أͣƬ̡³Ӳȴ͸ޱȵŵǲ䡣
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֮Ӧòͻơ
԰ͻǰ󲿷֣ӽͻơ
ʱͺðˡ
˫˿˿ľâһеİ취һһ

գĵӰ컹Ű֮ͬˡ
ûм֪ǰеĺӿһ
̳˶ʤϵڶ֮⣬߶һƬƽ˾ӡ
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ǳΪʮ֮һνǰλϾǺĵϣת֮Ϊġ
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ЩǳУ̫̫ǳΪҪģǳģǺϵġ
Ӱλĸߣʱû˸׽ա
ΪϵĻǳԶų⣬̺ǿԽǳȥų⡣
ʹֵܵסЩų֮ҲҪΪֿƻǳת
ʱԺԼ飬Ҫɼƻûܳܵס
ûʱûǿ߸ȥǿƿǳʥˡ
ضӵ⣬û˻ȥǡ
̫̫һۿ󣬾һֱҲûƿ
̫˺ٴ˵λ飬֤ɾͻԪΪ̫֮
ǾʮصһӵĹ㺮϶
ǵһ·Ϣģͽ˹㺮ûκϰֱӼ϶
⻯Ϊһڵ۵ӣĿһĨӡĿ϶𣺡þòˡӡ
϶ȱ޾µޱȣƺߵĵ⣬㻹̤ǳ죬Ͳҵ㡣
嵭쳣ƽûгûҲû׽
΢̾Ϣһѹ¶¶º͵Ц⣺Ǽʹһֱǳ죬ôû©
кĿģ϶񲢲Щǹеƽ
ɫ΢࣬ɫҪָҪһ֮
ΪҪ㣿϶Ŀֱӡ
̾һվŮһֺαˣ
϶ɫ䣬ƽӻ֮ѻ¾֮Ա˺֮µ޹ϸ
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̾ȻˣΪ׽
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Ϣ΢ͣЦ⳹ʧɫˣҲͲˣһһ֮Σ
϶Ŀһƾ˻ж
жЩʲô
Ӹֶ˵Թ̫̫ǲֻ̫ʵ̫һΪ̫֮
̫ǡȴȺ̫֮
Ϊһ޵˺͡ΪڶΪ
֪ΪΣ
гⷬ𾪲ѣӶ²ӵݡ
ǵ֮ͥȨƺĵһ۵ۿ
֪Էݵ϶Ȼ𾪣ֻĿֶЩ
̫̫ǲ޸֣֮ʹ̫һۿʸţ桢˺͡ػҪǿ̫ǶˣҪӵĺķѱԴ
ȷӦˣֻ̫һ̫ȴȺ
ƺ϶ɻҲǵۿ΢΢һЦ̫ʵܺʵʣһЩԴѾһλˡ
̫ʵֻģ˺ͳɻһͻ룬β̫̫ǡһλ飿
϶ɫ䣬Ѿˡ
ۿǼ˺ͺ˺Ҳͬ޵뷨ϸ̽顢Ʋ֮󣬷ֻ̫Ҫٹꡢһλ첻顣
Ϊֲǰ߻ʵܡ˺͡ط˴󹦷˺͵һ̫֮ʣԴתΪ̫Դ಼ãӭλµ顣
˺͡䣬̫Դع̫ǣԡܳ
϶ĿϢ˵֪Ļãۿһ˵ܸӦԷ˵û
ȷΪۿܵġ
ΪŮɲΪô˶һΣۿֵɫ֣ء
Ȳѣʱ
һǸĵأ˴˶ɾҲûˡ
϶֮ƻУдõġ
û취ϣһ̫ǡ
ǳô󣬶ԷʹţҲ©̫ȴС
ǽ̫֮֮û취ʵĿ¡̫С
̫ǣ޷ָ
ٽ٣ң̫ǻָõʱƽ̫һֱǸŵصطȥָ
Ͼĵ̫ˡ
ֺαصȴôꣿ
ʱҲЩ⣬֪Ǵصᱩ¶ӶĿ⡣
Ͳȥˡ
վ㣬һмƻ˳û뵽Ȼͳ⣬ʱΪò϶϶Ψһĳ롣
϶ĬɫȻָƽ˼ʲô
ۿż϶һӦġ
˽ԷǵĴȡһѵĳֵ֣á
Ҫǣ϶Ϊ̫֮⣬Ը䣬˭Ҳ壬塣
Ȼ˭壬Ϊβ˽˶
ȻϢ϶𣺡Ȼֶڶ࣬һ֣˵ɡñγ㣿



505 սҪʼ
ΪƽҲôһ˿˿ļ֮⡣
ۿȫ⣬ֱӵҪ̫ĺˣ֮¾֣̫ĺ֮С
Ϊ϶ϢĽ̫ǣֱӽ̫ǵĵֻ̫һҵ̫ĺ֮С
϶üͷһ¾ֿ̫ĺˣ
ǲԣΪԷһǰ̫ĺв˴Ϊ˺һ̫̫ҲϵģֻЩԽȥ
¾̫̫ͨԼЩдϵ
ֻҪ̫ϲͬһ󷨣ϴ֮֮ͿԽ̫ĺ֮СۿĵĽ͵
⵽˶ٺ֣
Լû֪
֮һ
϶ĬһԼӴҶԹʹ˰ݡ
ۿͷⶼԤ֮С
ûжĻ̫˲࣬϶İ£ۿûκ˵ķ£ʼ󷨡

һǧһʮգ˽µƷ۷Ѿʱ䣬⣬Ʒ۷ʱȥʮꡣ
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ȥʱǧңʱʣ߰ٶ򣬵ȴɳˡ
һƷ۷Уһҵĵ̣ʵΪ
ڡ޼ɡ䡢ޡ¹ᡢ˳Ϊ׼ʥĲΣһż
׼ʥֻ߲ʣһ֮ơĳɶﵽΣԽﵽΡ
߰ٶУҲжʮһλﵽ׼ʥȲΡ
޽ʮ˼ɣǽɡ
һλԭ׼ʥеȲΣλ׼ʥȲΡ
޽򣬽ϰ
ǰ˵ĳɹǷա
Ĵ̶ԣһΪǿĲ䡣
֮ºܼ򵥣ֱӺɨǸʣȫƿǸ磬׼ʥͲٴ޽ɡɡ
һյĳͣ²ͳϾٴοʼˡ
һǱʣµļݡ
һʼͲƽľݣӲƽˡ
ò԰ĵٴĵĿżݰλûκη֮һһ볯裬رռС
ΪƻˣֻȹԱ뱸Բͼݵٶȷǳ죬ǰζҪ졣
ͬʱҲڴǿԸƿȡ
һʮĲǳ죬ͥ츣ص磬ҪĹԱ
̶̰ʱ䣬ݾͱ֮һٶȻ˿
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Ȼүνʱͥϲݣ󼤷Ĳֻ֣Ҫȡһʤܻò֧֡
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ףʦ֣
Ԫʼ֣Ȼȥ
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ʱ۰һָӣ
Ƽ򵥵һ仰ζţҪ



506 
ȻֻǰڣҲǰδе顣
ͥͥ϶ΪһȫͥС
ʱûУȻҲΪûôǿĶ֡
Уʮ˵Ŀ˴ض˼ۣˡԯ΢΢ͷͬӡ
۰ȻӾȣҲûзԣѡĬϡ
ˣͷȻµӼϣƶ󣬵ķʱ
ҲһͶ̫̫ս
ʵ˰ͷͬսûпʼӣʹܽȫᣬҲһһΡͶ̫ࡣ
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ڡɹµĴеͥʱԮɡ
ʵ˾£漴׵Ĵ㣬Ҫôٵսĥͥɳǿ
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ˣ֣ص˵֮⣬һʧ˵ֱ
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ʥ⣬Ҫѡһֵǰȥִһ񣬲֪λԸȥ
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жλ׼ʥڣϢ÷з顣
ЩʱһֱʸдʣΣǶҪŪס
û˿ڷԣΪܽķĸصˣ֪㡣
ɫĿһɨĿ⣬һ̾ϢΪƽλѣƶ֪



507 ҡ
λ׼ʥüͷ壬˶ˣȻƵɫϣû˻š
µ񡢻кκģ㶼˵ȴ˵֪ѵˣ𣿡վ׼ʥǿ߳
ƲûΪҲһЩԷ
ɫ䣬ѣƶ
ʥУֻˣ֮⣬һ仰
λ׼ʥǿ߿ڡ
һĿ͸Ÿָơ
ٴΰ̾һڵԸдߣ˳¡
䣡
Ȼը졣
˼һƬհסľ
׼ʥǿҲˡ
Ըдߣ˳¡
ûʲô񣬿쳣ֻȻȴ˵һˡ
ҪԸģͥͥ
˵ֳһ˲䡢ž
ԽԽصϢûκһ˸ҿ˵صƺѹһС
гģҪô˫۳ĬҪôɫҲ
ʦţ
쳣쳣ѵѡ񣬾Ͱǰ
ǡǺǣ
ȻһųЦӵ͵ߡԽԽ󣬴Ĵ̶Ŀⶼѹ˹ȥ
һλ׼ʥǿߣ
һ򵥵ѡԪִûм򵥵ѡ񡣡׼ʥǿͣЦֻʣ˿ɬ
Ŀһ򣬸ӡᡢȻһһ
Ԫ޵ʮԣʦ֮ӲǣѪҲа
۰ƴĵλԪһС
ʦ֮֮飬ƶ޷񣬾ֻܵһųˡ
һʱĿУȫǾȻ
Ŀ£֡һ̣Ȼ飬ˡϢ½
֣
ʦʦ֣
ѣ

һ𣬾ӿ
˭û뵽ԪֱֻԻԼĴ
ѣֺαˣǰһ̾
Ҳû뵽Է˸ҡ
ԻٴһСġɱûʲô̫
ԪϵϢѾ½˵ɵĳ̶ȣӻ֣߸˲ط¶ЩЦʵʲôҲˣ˵ȥƶˡ
˵ţһһԶȥʮһĳʹȥ
ĿĿ뿪˭Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
˾һ塣
ƶҲҪһųˣȻһ׼ʥǿߵ˵
䣬ֱڲٵľУϢ½һֱɲΣſɬȥ
ʮ˸һͬȥ
漴ЦУϰλ޽Ի˴ǧλɡʮλԲлȥ磬įȥ
ļȺԽصϢ˶ֺĸо
ӽԺԪ˳£Ϊ飬Ԫ¾ΪСվƵ׼ʥˣתȥ
ɫȻҲɬûԻٴֻˣ
ҲǿһͷԽԽѡתȥ
ûƽⶼǱʦŵΪǶȻŹԷ
ʥϸͬܵ£ûȥʲô
ѡͬҲһ
֪ѡ˳£ҲͥͥԺڶʤϵӣҲù
Ͼվ̵ĵ̡
ͬͥͥȻҲǴ
˫˭ʤ˭Ƕù
գۣСʱȥ׼ʥǿ˽ʮλ޽࣬ٶǧ
Ƕѡ·
ʣµиӣҲûʲô֮⡣
ѡʦţ塣
ºܶˣͥͥϿɶȺܵ͡
кθ˵ģ
վ塣
˵һЩƾϢȥ֮¼պ˵
ڵաʺ˵֮¡
ͬʱʮŸطƵһĻ
ǳҵˣֱԲУȥΪͲȥִʲôˣͬҲ㱳ʦš
ϾǶˣΪֻе֮ȥִ
ߣ֮ѡʦţ̵Ӱʵ̫ǶԶ޵˵
ͥͥΨһĹϵֻͬѡ
ϵǶԣʵ̫ԶԶǵʦŽǰ
ѡҲ޿ɺǡ
֮һ˳£д󲿷ֶѡģҲһСִ⣬ǰݡͥͥ
ʵ֮һѡ˳£Լ֪󣬶Ϊȡ
ѾǳˣͥûôԸ˳̡ҲԸԸ塣
ȻҲ壬Ѿܲˡ
һ죬Ŷ޴Լ֮һ˳£֮ࡣ
Ʋ⣬Щ˳
ʮ㡢ʣµ
ĸأ֪ϢԽԽҲԽԽܸоսϢ
̣Ҫһս
ע£Щ˳̵Уһ壬ԽԽ׳
䵱ɽ䵱ɡ
һոսɡ
࣬˶ѣȴλ׼ʥȲεǿߣʮλ޽ɣʣµĶǽɡɡ
䵱Ĵ̫У䵱ۣʲô
Ϸһˣģĸߴ͸ŻȻɵɷϢһܸо˵Ϣ
䵱šλ׼ʥ֮һ䵱齨Ĵʼˡᡣ
ⷽԲ֮Уպ
һҪΪӣΪѵõ޵š
Ҳƺţ֮ͬСȣνǾžޡ
̶һǧ꣬ʹﵽ׼ʥΣʤޡհ޵УЩ
Ͼٶ̫ˣľˡ
Ȼˣ˶Զ˵ĲΣ粻ȥġ



508 ɡؽ
Ƕԣңɼֻڴ˵еǰüŵĴ档
ǲŷᣬ˳֮󣬸佨䵱ɡ
ûڣ˶ǲͥͥΪУ˳ɣһɺϲž۵һġ
һҰɫۣɫдȻЩǻ۵ĿɨˣԵ䵱ɳĵһ֮ǵڶۡ
ȺͰ𣺡λ䵱ɳĳԣǻݡͬ۹ã˳ɵĵһĵĵط
ԽҪѡһ䵱ˣȥ䵱ּӭӸͬ
Ҫѡһ֣ǰɡ֮á
λԸǰȥߣ
ڳˣһЩ˾һ£ɫ䣬ٶĺͱҪ
䵱ɲˣʵ̫ˣ˶á
Χµȵȡ
ⶼҪˣ뽫䵱ɱΪһɣǱزٵģǿҲǡ
˶˳ɣ䵱ȡ׳ʵʱ
ֻ䵱ԽǿЩ˵պܹĸá
ڽύķȻǽύЩͬ˳£ѡ
·ͷֺãԺӿ֪ȻҪҲùһЩ
ʦ֣ʦҴǰȥķɰݷã·ΪһˡЩ
ʱԶ᳤ȴԸΪʦ֣ԼΪʦܡ
ǶԷƷԼΪ۷
иоʦʱ䣬ʦֶܾ޾ʮء
һͷҲãʦܴһǰȥ
ʦ֣ǾʦҴǰȥͬɣʱһλ׼ʥǿҲˣͬž⡣
áֵͷ˵˼䡣
顣
䵱ʵ̫̫Ҫ
һʱ˲Ÿɢȥ
һĿи֮ɫһĿˮԶ
Σɫһɽȥ
ʮϢ߽ɽΨһƽӣϾΥ¶һ˿ĳЦ⣺֣֡þò
ڣһɫѰۣ֣תҲΥ¶ЩЦ⣬ѣˣһǧ꣬˻ǰɣ
ֹ֣ˣԶ֣֡ǣ¡Ц
ֻ̱ѣ˲Ųˣˣ֣϶ЩɸУϵ˵
һ˲࣬ǰ֮һ
´ʱԷʵ
ҡͷЦɣ˵˴˾һֹѡС
ںļ磬ǶԣǵһΡ
Ϊ걻ĵĵһʮһ֮һʱνһǧг֮ʱ
ܴ֣֪
֪Լյĵӣﵽ֮ĸοţžͺá
ˡҪùͽǰžۣ֣׺͵
ЩĶ漴ͷˣһҡͷ̾ĻǴʱģ䵱ɽδҲ֪ᾭٲǲá
֣΢΢ͷûٿڡ
Ӳʵ˭á
ɫһࡢ֣֣صˣҪллˡ
ֿ֣ƶҪл²ǣ´ƶ֮䵱½ҲƶӦøл¡֡ɫ
˻һ֣;˼з˲١
ʤѾüˣĿľͳڶʤ޵ˣԼԸǿߡ
ᣬص֮һ
ԭܼ򵥣һĹϵڡ
ıˡ
ıΣ֣ҲΡ
֮ǰ֣;Ӵû䵱ɡǿߡķ
Ҳǵһ̽ԸԸô
ˣ֣Ͱеİ£˳ոˣ䵱ɣͷ⡣
䵱ɣĿġ
ˣһΪ飬ʱΥ⣬ŵɣҲϿλ˵ۡ
ʱлⷬҲǱ̬ȡ
Ը̣֣˲١
վǴ̵ĳӣ˫ϵУҲǿбȶԷʲô
̫ˣ֣Ц
˫ָ֮Ǣ˼֣˵˼䣬֣һСų֣ɫˣһϻǿε˺˿ǽ䵱ɣߺЩá
˵ţ˫Ŀ棬ᡣ
ûԥͽӹ֣صɱΣƶ¶Ρ
֣¶Цݣ˫һȭһлڲС
ᱧȭӶЦ
Ĭġûٶ˵ⷽ£ɳ̸
ʱ䵱ɲʲô̵ĿģҲֻԺ˵ʲôȫչ׳ˡ
䵱ɴһʱ䣬֣ͷȥ
黹࣬ͳЩ˺֮˵飬Ǽ򵥵ģοﻹ̵ĵ̡
հޣҲһ֣ͬ飬Ըߡ
ʱţ޵˿ûȥĿͶ
ͬʱʮĵطһ˱м᪸ȥ
̫࣬ǧ򡢽ɰ򡢴޽ʮ׼ʥȲʮλеȲλ
᪵ĵһˡ
һǧһʮ£˵᪣˴ϲ
һֱڵȴ̵ӡڵˣ
ȻȽͥԣЩ˸ʲôֻǵһ
˵һʣµľͲԶˡ
Ҳ˽⡢һӽ̵ȫ᪣ǾǾսˡ
ٴﵽ۷壬Ľһȫ̫أֱ߲ƴɱһ
ʱвµʱ䡣
ط˲٣ǹգ˿֪вԱо˲ԡ
ʮգ깫ЧҲˡ
ؽŵӣʥħɭǬ˰˵
ͬڶµ֮ˣǵĴµӣǸġ塣
ĵӣֻ¡
ʥħǣӣͨŵӡ
ʵ𱲷֡ȶ֮˶Ҫߡ
ǵĵҲ˵ܶ顣
Ž᪸߲ӭӡ
ֻǽؽŵӣλɾԲ͡
ؽͨӣΪţָͨסڽϵġ
ɢڶԼطĵӡ
ŴбֱȽͳһЩʱ̫ر֡
Ҳʥ˵ӡ
һݣڶоܱȡ
¶ʮգλؽŵ깫
Խأȴһյĵ



509 Ҫ˵
һջδͬڱսĴ̣ģҲЩƽ
뱳ֵ֧ᪿսһ£˽ģʵֻдͶƷĸ߲ǡ
ԽԽࡢͥҪ̿սĴԣڲҲһЩ
ʱΪ˵ֿԼѹӦٵĽ飬һЩؽ˵Ϊ١
ѯʵʱˡ
ͳʵ̫ϵȻˣٵĴڣһġ
λǰ͵һЩؽ̳˴Ϊ٣һЩԱ˽ؽ̣ѧɹ
Ӷôв˶ǽؽ̵ӡ
Ͻ֮һſǡ
ǽؽ̵ӣԽؽ̵ĸ鲢Զûж塢Դ̵ʹ࣬ҲֻįЩûٶ롣
ڲһЩҪЩؽ̡˽̳
ֻǴԣʲô
ŵǲĶԽԽһЩ͸о˲Ծ
ҪǣٳĬ̫ˣ
Ϊؽ̵ӡ˵̵ڴ̳еĺģǴ̳еһ̫ʦ
һһУӰ
֪ӺʱٱóĬˣڳзٵֳĬ
һ˵ĳĬ
·ڵԼĴڣȥˣ᲻μˣʱˡ
ƽ޲ݣҲԶٱ䡣
ʱ仹ԣʱʱѾˣЩԣǰݷʱҪôܾҪôһԲЩ̵ĹԱò롣
̺̣ؽ̡̡˽̣ܡ
뷨һЩԱסˡ
ѰͬĹԱ飬߲Աѯʡ
˲ֱѯ⣬Ǵ󲿷ֶˣŪס
ɴҲһϵеĲ
˵۵ٴյЩ˾һϢ۾ûᡣ
Щ˵֮²ģΪ뿴ЩԱУ׻ѡ
ûȥǣҲʲôѹԾôǣǿ鷢Լȥ
١
һյʱˣ̶ʮѣǵľʱ䡢Ҳˡ

ʱҴң¶ʮһգµڶ˵᪣ʵһࡣ
ǿ߲࣬һһҲȱٵĵ̡
ûЩˣ᪼ʹ˴Ƭռ졢Լ
ûЩˣᪿ°һ󣬾Ҫˡ
Ͼ᪣ûʲô̿ԣɫĳӾôһЩһսҲͶûˡ
ǿߣӻе
¶ʮգؽŵǰ
ڣһյˡ
һǧһʮһա
ټڳǰɫΪصȴ
һλλ᪹Աɫдʱصգ⼸᪵Щǿ
֪ҲҪˣ
ٶλĹԱ󣬼Ŀһɨһ㣬δйķâϣòٹԱһֱӡ
ʢȥ˵йأλο
ը죬ڳٶλԱɫ䡣
ˣ
ԱоЩ㶵Ŀż
ү´ү򲻿ţɶ˵۲һԱվ˳ȵ
飬ү򲻿ɵ棬Ⱥүһץ𣬺ү͹£Ľ֪һԱվ˳ɫл˿˿βסľ֡
ү˲ɣ
˵
Ⱥү͹£Ļ˭֪
ʹйϵ˵
գۼ䣬ʮԱһͬվ˳ž֮⡢ϡ
ĬĬţϡ˫ûκеֻһƽ
ʮ¡йԱվʱٴοڵǱţ͹֮⣬˵ûϵţ±Ҫ˵ۡǷʵ
үɣʱʮλԱͬð׷׿ڡ
бĹԱҲֹˣǿҪء
Ŀ΢΢ɨվǰˡ
ɢ̫ߡϹʣλϳ
˸ܵǵĿ⣬һĿЩκͿɬ
вƷ
Ȼ룬ϾǺķѪΪ֮ŬĿꡣ
ɴ̺˵۵ǿǵЩ뷨
үû뷨οǣ
ֹ˼˻ƴһѣǽʵ˷ں档
ο֧֣᪾ûл
ҧҧɢվ˳һ󡢼ᶨүΪүǣȺүȥҪһҪ˵ʸס
һЩ᪳ӿɢվĿ¶ϣȰסү
û뵽
ٹԱɴ۾ЩĬ
һ̣̫ߺϹȺ󿪿ͬþ󲿷᪹Ա׳Ĭˡ
үɢǶˣ
飡
ʱһ󿪿ˣ깫εһλԱڸ顣
ڣȻ˰
ЩԵĹԱɢˣ
ȻһλԱŭɫ깫ˣҪһ㣬ŭȵ˵ǻү˵ʲôúүҪ֮١
ǣҪٲ֮أϷҲǵóѡ
ŭôеոӳء
ٹԱҲŭĿͶ˽ˡ
治ɫû
ɫЩһǰŭλةࣿ
ﻹûб
ˣѺȥ
ʿλԱ޾ɫûзȴǲͣ
үܶԵ棿λɱΣء
λͬţѵĿ
ɢ̫ߡϹʣϷ򿴴ˡ
Ѻȥŭޱȡ
λʿѸٽûзĹԱѺȥ
±֮Ѿڰ˭ԡĿ⾼ɨ·ڶԱϵϢδйŨǿƱˡ



510 ׽ü
һǣ𺳵ѹڳˡ
󲿷ֹԱǵһμļϽɢ˵ķԣҲҶ˵ˡ
ɢ̫ߡϹĿЩ⡣
˾Ļ᪴ٲ֮أ
֪ĸ̴֪࣬ڡ
нʤ˼
ֻǶԲүˣ
µǶûѡֻһ·ȥ
ͳһ᪸߲־ʼ´һǱսˡ
ʱЩսҲأǿ֣᪹߳Աľ
ͬʱһյĳᣬһ۱͵˵۵ϣԴ˳ᡣ
£һ̿ߵԱߣĹ˵
·һԱڻ㱨飬ɫƽӹݼ򿪿ȥ
·ҲûٹԱ⣬ǻԱڻ㱨š
Ȼһϵϴӵ𣬺ƺƵȻһš
ǻԱȻֹЩŵĿϷ֪Լ˴
᲻صը죬ضڲ˫һǼһŭӿ󵨼˷
ʱٹپɻΨǻԱ˿ͺá
ڶ̸߲Ŀ΢ˣ
Ϣŭ֪˺վһȻ
һӣǼһС
ݴһüͷһŭ𣬡
˫ֺ𼱱£Ϊɱü
ڳ䵭ڡ
ǡӦмȺһʶɨ˹ȥ
ٹԱɫ䣬漴Ⱥߡ
һŭΡ
Ψмѫ󼤷֮£ƺҲ˼ֳ
£ĿϣգΪ׽áȸ
飡
ϣԱ޲ڡ
Ϣ䵭ϵصּѦʹſǰ׽üΪ˧һ˵ҷ
ǡһԵӦ˴ʱڳС
˳ڣӰʧ
ûоϵĳᣬֹˡ
ԱҶ˵ʲô͡
ж˼ھĹԱˡ
ֱԣΪʱ£֮Ƿйأ
ΪǷˣ
ꡢпƷ̽һҵ᪣Ҫʹ˳ˣ
뵽ЩٹԱЩӣѾΪѫˡ
Ƚ϶ԣǿҪһЩ
Ͼǻţоλ
֮⣬ǸеЩˡޣԼ˵һЩ뷨
û᪡ûмǿҲ֮³ˡ
ʧܣûг̵Ǳǣ̱ȥ룬˷ء
˵޼᪣ǲܵġ
Щ˵뷨һͲҶ롣
Ͼôл᣿
󲿷ֹԱǲм֪ѡ
̵ǿʢʵڸ̫ĵš
˵۵
۵Ĵ̸߲㣬ȴûǾ󲿷ֹԱŵ
᪡ѡ
ѵЩУҪ١
ϷոڳŭɫָƽһĵĮ
ѷڡֻҴ̶Ӧ̹ǶȵĻᡢҴ̵Ļᡣ
һСԼˡĿɨÿһˣ˵
ڳʮɫȻ׵˼һȱزΡ
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ǡڳӦ
˲£ڳȥʼæµֻһʼĴսԽԽҡ

һʱפԥӵ˵ּ⣬ͬģһӦǿߡ
λҳϣλӸ;̵׼ʥеȲǿߣʮλ׼ʥȲǿߡ
ϣ߳ԥݡ᪸ȥ
Ҳ߳ԥݵͬʱĸڶĻԪǱʲôˡ
׷̧Ŀ⣬ݵķޱȼɵ͸Ĺâ
ֻԼԼоĽȻˡ
һƬһƬĵط
ӻңʲô㲻
Ŀʼˣ
˵սҪʼˣ
һڸ´˵ӣûһŲܳɽޱչء
ء鹬ιͥȵȵطһ˫˫Ŀ͸ء
ʼˣ
һλںۣ֮Ҳûκε·
ͬʱݵΪĵĵƱһΧֵĵط
֮ܣֻҪ̤ޣҲˡ
ȻҲΪû֮Եʡ
֮ܶƬѳױΪ˵ĿֲطֻԶԶĿţ̤˿
᪵·ϣѦʹſɫ࣬ԼҪԵʲô
սֻǸոտʼ˫ȫԶԣͿ˭ܻˡ
򵥵һɢȥ
ȷļƻ׼ȷ׼ãʣµΨɱ
᪡С
Ⱥپۣž֮⣬βˡ
˵Ѿɳǰ׽üϢǶ֪ˡ
½Ӧԡǿߣʵ˲֪١
˵ۺʹ֮Ǹеη循֡
ϢϣɽԽӳء
ĿһɨӲѹпʼľ֮⣬ϵ̵޵ֻΪТѯһȴɾ׽ñ飿
޵Чң
𣬱̵Ĳ׽ñ롣
ةࡣ
ڡ·վλĽȻӦ
ʾӭս̾޵̵ۿ᪾б֮¡ŭ
ǣ
У᪹ԱѾЩ
᪡Ҫˣ
ֻٲֹԱףܲսʼˣ
ɢȥܿŴڶǿ᪱߾ȥҪӭս̾
֮ϣɾ׽õϢһּΪѸ͵ٶȴ
һʱ䣬
Ͼʹ̺͵һһϵֻԺͣӡΪ̡
Ƕ᪶ûʲôøУеֻǶС
Ȼǿں
Щʣ󲿷ֶĿһ
ȻҲϲ᪣ʱҲһͥͳϾݵٶȡ
ΨмٲԼϵŵоȶԷҶԿ֮⣬Ҳ˼
ܶԿ̡ǡ
ţд󶯣Ŀ᪷͸Щڴ֮⡣
Ϳжٱ죿



511 ѦʹVSʥ
һաּ
գ᪴ڶǿ᪱߾Դ
°գϵ᪱߾᪴
˫ţѪϢԲǧ
̫̾࣬ǧİٶ
᪴ǽӽǧһ붼Ƕϵµӡ
¾ա
˫ڿƣսϢﵽһ۷塣
˷ֻԶ˹ۿһսǶǸ̽ӡ
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˼򵥣ܴķ֪Ϣ͸֡
᪴ǰͬڴˣĿ͸ء
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ȻҲ֪о˺ܾöԸǵķˣ˿Ҵ⡣
˫֮ʱǶûзֵǣһĪ궯ϢϢÿһڡ
ôսϢԽŨ
ֻ˵۵еĿһ˿
ԼʮϢʱ䣬ֳճص˼㣬ʱܱнʿһ޲к
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ˣ
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Ϊ壬ΪˣնҪͷȳڣһȵɱת

ԱѦʹſҳϵȵȽˡ
ߡɫ糣һΪ
֡ʱ޵һ˿ڣ΢䣬ͥΪУʦֵơ
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ġǵ˵ͷĿ⿴ˣ漴λͬһ޵ĵǰȥ
ǰֻ뷢ŭһޡ޵ƣƵĳ̾ˡ
ƣλ˵ƣ·޺һΪ
󣬼λԽؽ̵ŵĿ΢
λʦֵ޺һ֮ȻﵽֵزҽؽСԵһһ޵
ޣ߱ȻЩҲ׼ʥ֮ޡ
ǻ֮ѪϢλʦִﵽ޺һĵزǲԱһ˸͵š
ͷҲţʥ֡ʱǶ֡
һʵܸ̾һսһкܴʤ㡣
Ȼһֱ
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Ҳڴžʥۣһ˿Īζ
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ǼʦķΪؽ̳һЩǿϷ񣬻٣Ȼƴǡ
Ǿǰˣ⡢ɱһЩǿߡ
һΪؽ̻٣Ը塣
ҲڴѰͻơ
ߣȻ붷ͳȫǡһ
ĿһѦʹ
ĩһԵѦʹӦ
ӭսնסȵ
ĩѦʹɫࡢᶨ
һתʥ˫ɱ⡣



512 ɱ
գɫâһ컭֮ꪳС
лǰȥԽ߰Կžʥ޺һơ
䣬ʥɫħЦһͥСҵȣֻһǰӭսɣ
Ѧʹͣ½Ųɫף컭֣ݣȻɱǡһӡ
õ


ʥ׷׿ڣŭӿ䣬֮ѰŭƸ
Ǿͳȫ㡣ɭһָ
𡫣
ֻ￪ŭȣĹкһļ󣬺䡢ͽѦʹѹ·硣
¶أš
һɣʥСͥĻ֣׼ʥеȲεʵ
޺һ֣̾Ȼֻɳһӭս
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Ψнɫ࣬ûκδ⡣
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壡

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ãֻ׼ʥȲΣѪȻԼЩѹƣĶһҲ첻ɶӰ죿
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бѦһһǱ޳֮ˡ


ħȻˣЩŭȻľܱŲᡣ
ǹŭȴɲһ㣬һȼԽԽзй뷨
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ޱܵĻѪѹƣǻƴȽ͡
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ʱǱʹһڣºСҲǵڡ
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𡢺𣡡
̾У˷ܵĺǧȣֱʡ
ȸ߲㡢޲¶Ц⡣



513 ʧ
Ӯˣ
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Сڰ֮ϣѦʹֳֹסԶɻ
ȻϢ˥䵽һ̶ȣȻɫЩס
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ͥ˲̫ˣ⻹ֻѦʹ١أ
УҪССġٽľͬš
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514 ½
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515 ƴս̽
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᪲ʲô̵ֻӲǵĵˣµҿԲᡣ
ԼԼ̲ܾˣǿɵ顣
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516 
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519 ˵Ǿ
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ԣԸġͿڰɣΨһĻᡣڼһ̬ͬҲЩ
Ը⡣
á

ܿ죬ڳʮλڣȺ󿪿ڡȫͬ⡣
λԱ˵ûдܴĻǼ⣬ⶼǵĻᣬ뿪￴˵
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лȥˣ
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ʱûͥ׼ʥǿߣԶֻܴǿߡ
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Щǿһ͸аˡ
ȻҲҴ⣬̾Ԯ١



520 ʮ
˫ĪĬ£սûССսϣ׼ʥȲΡеȲǿ߲ϳ֣һһĶ
˫ʤܣʱʱҲΪ뱣ԼһܵˣģĴսѦʹ͵˶γ֡
˫λ׼ʥȲεǿߣ޽ǧλ
ɡҲ˲٣˫ĬĿ£ȫսʼûҲࡣ
ʱ䣬ɳԮҲѾ
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ɢȥĿأ˼˻ᣬӪʣ䣬Щɵʦ֣ʮѡǷԹ
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ҸΪҪǣʮΪ׷ѾʮһѦʹĿһ˿âһĨЦ
ĿһѦʹ
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521 
óǸ־󣬸̶ȵķӴ֮
ѦʹóƫɱʮǾԵɱ
ڸոյĹѦʹ󿴳Ķ
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ԸʮʮѡҲǡ
һνҲŲû˼
У͡ʮ˽ڣֻ깫ȥǰ
˲ҳ󣬿¾֪ڵȴԮ˵
ʱԽáľԽḻĿԽϵ֮쳣ˣ̾ΪϾܲ³϶
ʵҲˣÿһȥһ
ѲصǣԮֻʮ֮С
ʮһʮѳɣ໥ƣҵִ̾ƵǴ󣬳лԪǿ߳֡üŵ࣬Щ
׷׿ڣͬһ˼ǷݿҲŨˡ
Զüͷ壬Ƕʮϲǿ
Ȼʮȷֻ濴֪ԼƲˣ׿漰Ԫȴǿˡ
ǰȻǡǰ԰ҫ˼
ҲЩüҲ͵Ĳã̾ʹԲάžĺͰ
ͬʱҲԷģʱ۽Ϊʮûκΰ취˵ţ̾۽

ֹգʿӰ̾ӪС
ӭӣЦ⣬ˡӴˡԬˣҵȿڵˣ
λֳһѶëȡĸߴʼΪЦ
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˴ʣֿ䣬ɫ΢ࡢɫλս뾡ҵȹսѰɱ֮
ͷ˵ǶѾڼ˵ˣȻҲ֪ٶ˵ֱȥԹ󼴿ɡ
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Ͼһǿ߿϶ԽԽ࣬ӵʱԽʮҲԽ
ʱȥһ˵Ľ֮У˷شӪ
ȻʮΪһĴ߷ѡһֻҪǽһƣʮܷɣʱնɱǵʱ˸һͳȿڵ
ͨƽЩªһɱӣƺɢһֹâޱȡǻ˫Ĺâ
ɫ΢ϲͳ˵ôͻдˡ
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˻һ˳Ĭȷʮѡһƺԣʮǳǿֻ󡢾Щ޲ߡ
ȱҲԣһƣʮܷɣܹնɱʮʱ

ѵ㡣
ڣ⡢ûʲôð취
ҪҵȱҪһۣ󷨵ȫʩչϢͳڵ
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΢΢üȻһֱûڡ˼Щʲô



522 ˴
һûֱӿѯʣĿתͳͬӴԼǣΣʮٲ˵ģ֪λк
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˫ڶ̫࣬һ϶Ӳ
֮ܶ࣬Ͼֻ̽
׼Ǽһֵľ桢ȴһһ
ȻҲ̫٣ʮɷƿ¶Ҫһ֮Уʱ̫ǿˣӶӡ
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ͳԬٴȥʱһҲ˵һҲ·ǳҲ
̾һҲ˿û¾ͺá
һǲһˣЩüȻˣ



523 Ĵ
ȥһ˶ûܵʲô˺
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˵ʮûнǷ룬ǽǷͬһУһܸߣһˣ
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ڻǵʮĽ˵Ϊá

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ʣ֮
ͿʼѯΡ
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ҲǱȭл֮ʮÿһѴﵽ׼ʥ߲Σ˽󣬷ֱһָԽʣһơɷˣˣҲˡ
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˵˼䣬ŭǴˣȫˣһΡС
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˵꣬ĿͶ˽Щѯʡ
ΪǺԣԴͷȻǴԵļ



524 
ھ뼧ɵԵʱ䲢Ҳһǧʱ䡣
ô̵ʱڣƷ˸ߡںԵı֣ôܾܿ뼧йء
Ҳ뵽㣬һ¿ڵں֮ҵһ£ȺүȷһͼѲ֪ȥ
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λģкã´ζСٴʮ˵
ͷȫͬӡ
˼ˣҲö˵ʲôֻȥӪ


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ʱ󣬰ŵּһЩ뿪ȥ
ԥݱ߾شʱ׼ֱȥͳ켴ɡ

ǰߣ᪴ϵĽ˲ûһֱӪﲻҲֻǰȥ󡢶ûдǱʮסˡ취Ӧԡ
һҲżϵԽãԽá
þ֪ͥ⡣
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526 ׼ʥڰ˲
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528 ˫
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ʮꡢ˿ŵĺźһ裬͸һɲƽϢ
̸֧սУȥظص֮⣬ֻƷɻ֧ûж˿
µƷɻǱڱչء
ϸ˵ֻһ֧սûжǲ
˿ȵɽһ
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˵۵
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530 ͥVS
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˺񶼲żֻƴȫȥսڵȴʲô
߿У֮ս˭Ҳơ
ֻܸоԽǿᡣ



531 ѹȡͻ
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һɭɫСѪ⣬ɱ⡣
һСɫ߽ി
Ͽȥ൱˭ҲռݲκϷ硣
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ͻƣǾȥɡ



532 Լ
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ûʲô顢ԣеֻǳı
ڳϣһɣҲû˿⡣
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533 
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һͽûͣЪ˼ʼ˶
ʮɵͨ׼ʥǴ޽ɲΣʱʱ̶̿ڽ֡
˫ű˴ˣնɱ֡
ʵԽǿԽնɱֻı˴ĥţѰŶԷǿߵ㡣
ǰսûһ˿ͣЪ䣬ʱ˵Ŀ⡣
֮ϡ
һֱڶݷͬŵ깫һյǰߵϢ
һ̲ȫԸȴȲʵЩ档
˵Ҳ˹֣һ˶֮УΪ֡
˵ҲǺˣһصĵطס˲ʱ䣬Ҳʵǰһ
˵˳ҲǺܲ˳ڶҪôΪԭˣҪôѰͬŵȴֶԷչˣչ
˼УĿ⿴ݷһԥ֮
ڸȥ˭أ
Ĵ״ӣ౦ʦǶչˣɵҲǶʦ߲ȥ롣
ΨŴԹʦֿ룬ϴȥͱչˣʱҲ֪ûУ
Ҳʮλʥ˵Ӷˣؽ̵ǰȥҪ൱ƲС
ȻĪġ뵽һؼ㡣
ɫ̡ؽ̵бȽ֮ĵġ
ֻǰȥʵ㣬ڲǰ̧ͷ
λּ̣ؽ̵Ĵڣǻ̧ͷ
һĨ
빻൱ʵٻȥ
ʱʹ⡣
Բ̵ʵҲܳá
ĿͶԶȥ빻ѰͬţԼԹʦɷţһؾţܹʵͻȥ
գãã֮ϣһȥ

תۼ䣬һս͹ȥ࣬ǰ߼˴ĥʵѰҶԷ㣬˽֮С
ǡ˵۵
ʱ̹עǰսĵһûнؽǰ᪣һĨ˼͸Щ²⡢֮̽⡣
һ˿ΪЦݷ
Ƿ⣬ҲǸƾˡ
͵Ƹ֮СĮһּɡ
ǡ
ʱһֱּƸ֮У˴ڻƸĻƷɻϡ
̶ʱڣϢǿٵĻƷɻּĿһĨӣ漴ͻָƽ
һˡ
Ҳգô˽
˿֮˫ǰ߷
ɱԴСˡ
ҹ
ĳһʱ̣ͻȻظƽɫһϲһ̱˫ۡ
ͬʱƷɻɫҲһϲЩڴ˫ۡ
ΣŻɫһЩŹ֡
Ϣ̾˿Ȼѵ̽Եɣ
˿Цγ֣Щա
¸˽
һ
ڶ죬ԭּ⡢뿪ĻƷɻ
˵۵Ʒɻûжٴνٵȥƫ
䣬һ̾ʵǰһĿͬ
Ŀ΢ɫǺ⣿
˵ۣһֳѣͥسΪ˽˫Щص
ɫ˲һüͷԵĲá
۷ˡ
λתΪԼҵλسӶʧ⡢;˶ϡ
һҲͰˣΡ̵ʲôˣ
ĵط



534 ڻս
Ц𣿡Į
ǿóĲãǰҲ뵽ˣ˭᲻á
οͥʵλĴڡ
޷˭Ҳ֪λ׻ᶼתͥС
ֻתϣֻҪǾ壬Ҳûʲô
е鷳ЩҲԽƽˡǣԽСԽô
ƫƫλͥǣܴ
ҲΣȴֻܼ飬һ̾˵ۼ£ҲҵԸ嶨ᱨ˶
ĬźĿֱӣȻһҲŵһʾ֮⡣
鶼Ѿɸı䣬̸֮ǳʮ㣬Σ
֮Ը֮Ϊ֮ʱҪࡣ
⡢ʾʲôģǲܴڵġ
˭Ϣ󣬵³֣ЩĮ
ڻֱ˵ûκιĨǡ
ɫ΢䣬Щȡ֮Ũ˼֣Ǻñ죿
ûзĲãҲеĺ壬쳣ֱӵˣ˵Ҫ˽᣿
ﵹ̹Ȼ֪Ǻ뷨
ЦһµҲԴͥΣ
ĬƬ̣źĮնɱ̵ҲУ
ĹϵǾˮˮ
ԴСΡ
ô˽ԹȻǶ˵۵ģնɱһλնɱλʲô𣿡
ûж˵ʲô³һ֣ɡ
ãǾ˶£˵ۿʱ´ּ⡣һûж˵ʲô˼Ҳٶ˵Ʒɻȥ
ڶȥ󣬵ɫ׻ָѰƸڻ֮¡
Ƭ̡߼ڼһЩƸӢҪС
ǡ

һߣƷɻصƸ
ʱӰһʤѩŰһĸߴ󡢻ݴ
ǺԼͳϼݣ볯õıܡΪƷԱĳڻ
ҲǸովѵһס
Σڻڵûκο֮⣬ֵֻܽ꣬ǸովѣҲ
ӦˡƷɻӻ
ҲûΪǣСð˼˵ֱܿͬ⡣
ڻͷϣǰѾ뽩֣ʵȥƴܽ򿪽֡
ʹԼﲻͬҲȤ˵ڲ໨˼Ǿġ
Ʒɻͺͷͬڻ˼
ڻͣһ£ɫء綼תھ壬ͥйϵڿɺϣǵʱٽΪĵľѹ֮Ƕת˾ݡ
ǾųɿҲתھ壬˵ͥйϵ
Ҳܿ죬Ҫ˵̸ˡ
΢΢üͬڻĻʵ˵۹еλǣˡ
ܵĲϲ
Ժ򽻵ˣǵˡ
ҲΪʲôӵۿԭ
ǵĸоۿһӴ
ڻƺ˶˵˼Ц̫⣬ļƳǸǵȷֻҪǰԼ·ֱӼˣ֮ʱҲʲôǿС
ҲΪʲôúֱӵ̸ԭ
Ǹ֮ļ֮࣬ĶһС
Զ磬Ǿֻȥ˽̸Դ
˵Ҳǣֻǲ֪߸Ǻʱѣͷ
֮٣Ҫõġڻ
˵һɢȥ
һʱһּ⽵ٱóҲɻ󣬵Ҳûгɣȥڱչ֮еĳڻ
һʱ󣬳ĿЩĿųڻüôı仯
ʵʶ˱仯
ʵȻѾ̽ǳ˵ǰлһھûˣ֮
ѹеľɣּ˳ڻڻɫƽӹһ͸˳
¾ȻƷɻһǰߣеľɶʧ˴롣
ЩüԵĵǣܣ֮ΥϼλгǰȥҲиӦ
ǰӣΣգ˸ĺײϣֻϱ£˼ұ棬ս֮ϣǧҪСġ
УΪЩǰһЩн飬Ϊֵȥǣǹһ
ڻƷɻˣҪСһЩҪߵ̫
ٶȷǳ죬˵࣬뵽ʲô˵ʲôдš
Ͼּ˵ûʱˡ
ųĻڻԭƽĿ⣬һĨӡ
̾ϢЩԼԳ
תңȻͷ
ţҲ΢΢Щ
뵽һ뵽Ϊʱǲ׳һ
ʱʵǳʱˡ
츳ͨأǿޱȣʮУֻϴȡ
һֱǰǾűΪϴ
û뵽תˡˣ
ǣ
ЦһͣЪЦģСҲӦΪһЩˡ
һоЩĿųڻ
ڻûٶ˵ʲôЦ磬СȥˣҪչ˺ü
˵꣬ܳĿ⣬ȥ
ǹƣĺ
ͷ·ǡսʿ
üͷΣ˵۹
ҲҸýѯʱ²ǡ
Ƹ
ƷɻҲڽһ򵥵ĸһۺ󣬴ȥ
ͬӰϣâƿնȥ

һǧһʮʮ¶ʮգƷɻ°˰ͳǰߡ
ʱ깫ڶ֮ϴͬŵӣ
ʾ᪴ϾţսûССսϣˡ
׼ʥȲǿߣ͸λ
Ʒɻ˵𵥶˼棬̸ֻʱ䣬̸֪ʲô
죬ͳ鼸Ρ
תֹۣ˰£ûʲôı䣬ı˴ĥ
Ʒɻ˵ĵûʲôıá
ֱʮһ¶ʮգһ̾սǳڻ
սˣȴ˫˴һ
һɫװգϢ·ֱأһ͸оһķɡ
ྫӡ
򵥵֣ˡ
ȻҪսྫӣ
̾Уڶǿ߶Щţྫӿ׼ʥ߲еǿߣóսĴͨߣвǿ
Ҳ׼ʥ߲Ρ
ڻˣǿɶ˽һġ
ʵ
ܿ죬һЩǿߵĿЩˣųڻĲ



535 ս֮
ΪǺȻ֣ԼЩڻǳˡ
̾ǿɨȼˣǵĶûٷκ죬˼š
᪴У˲ûгӪأʵҲûУҲһĬ
ұϾÿ˫ս̫ˣÿζӪأǿ϶ܣҲ̫鷳
˽ųڻ̽;衣
˲򵥣ϼȿڣЩء
Ѿﵽ׼ʥ߲Σӽ˵ܸоԷϢ࣬Ӧͬһεǿߡ
ǶѾԽԽϰ߳ƺֵͥʵΣ
΢΢ü˭ʵɿӡͥЩس
ɲЩɡ
Է佫ͥϽĻУ޴ˡ
ͥȻ˲żüãҲ֪ж˽ܣھ̾û⽪Щ̾
Χ˶ˣŶãλһǧ꣬ͥĸı䡢ȴԾ춯أ𶯺ġ
ֱǲ˼飬̫˽ӿ֡
ĿϾӣɲ֮⡣
˫УǶҪеˡ
֮ͬ𣡡Ȼ嵭һ䡣
һ˼¡ȴˡ
֮ͥ죬֮졣
ֲ֪ޡҫ˶ٴڵ۾
ҲЩ̾ͬʱЩΡ
˫ڴս̾ˣվǲõġ
Ҳ޷˵ʲôԷʦ֣Ҳ漰ֻİˡ
᪴ˣӰ첻
ʱྫվˣȻλͬšҾȥˡ
æ˵˼СģྫӵͷЦģʤƶȴЩ
ͬྫӵʵĿõģҼʹУҲʲôΣա
ྫӸ룬ӪȥȻһºС
Сġ򵥡
ྫӵͷеظ˼֣Ϊ˵⻰ģ񶦡
Ӱâʧǰȥӭս
һԲڸвߵ񶦣ĿЩأһֱڽųڻ
˲򵥣
Ҳֻܸоģȴ
ʵӦûдﵽڰ˲ΣȻӦо
ͬǿߣǾûս
һ£Ѿ׼ʱԷһ
Ӫص߿գྫɫĵصĿųڻ
תۣЩüˣеһɱŤ
ΪڻĿ⣬һֳĴ
ⶼЩоԼǲǿˡ
ѹ±Ť֮Уȵƶྫӣºˣ
ڻûлشִۣƽĺܣЩʧҵҡ
ྫܶʱ̹עǿҲ
ڶǿһྫЩŭˣһ֮յҪúýѵ㡣
ڻЦһ£漴ɫ֮ƾճ֣գ۾ͬһħһ㡣
סˣ̳ڻ
һȣͬʱȭͷ̧𣬺ȻྫӺ
ȥֻǼ򵥵һȭȴһֻоһɲɵֵơޱȳصܶܡ
ΧеһУżҪ͵һȭ¡
̼䣬һɾ𣬱ܵ˫̧𣬷ӿγͨһȭ
䣡
ҵĺУྫӵֱͨ飬ɫ΢ףͲܿƵȥ
ֻһȭ·硣
˴󾪣ǿֻǼ򵥵һȭɲ֪ΪʲôྫӾȻһֵ˵ӡ
ֻˣĿһ
񶦡Ŀ⼫ΪأһȭǼɺÿֲ
еȫȫһȭһ֮Уûκһй֪ʲôļֶΣ
ͺһʯһͬȴСʯ
䣬͸ɵĽȴӡ
ֹһ˲䣬һȭ˳ྫͨϵһ
Դǲȷһɼأͬʱ𣬼Ŀ񣬽ţҲʱֵ׼
䣡
˾Уһײʼˣһȭ˳ྫӵĳڻɫ䣬ֻǹ֮Ũ
һ̤ٶȿľˣ˲ྫӵľ룬һȭ
һȭྫӴ󾪣һѳ֣âҫӭһȭ
ڻĿжһĨȤüͷһƸ֣ܡһȭȥ
䣡
಻ĺը죬һĻĻ˫˶еһֲ˼顣
ྫ·ˣ
Ե·磬߸һֵ
ֳˮ桢£Ǽûκη֮
ûˡ
ڻֳǿսʽȴ˸еһ𺳡
ûκηֻǼ򵥵һ˫ȭͷһ塣
һһʽ޲ȻɣϺû˿ͣЪѹĳྫӴ
ÿһ֣Ǿܷӳȭŵ
ÿһγ֣ǡôŰ͡־ޱȡ
ǲϵس£ྫӻеȱһһ֣ǹԼȱ͵ڻȭ¡
Ĺȫ·ûԡ
ȥǱͬѧһ㡣
̳ྫӡԼȥս
ǿ
ǿĲ˼飡
ǿģ
˫ˣơĳɶ佫˫۷Ź⣬ţһ˿һ



536 նɱྫ
ԺȫһһʽӡסԼȡ֮ԼȥֵǿֲĹ
и𺳣ɫЩףȫС
ڴ֮ǰǴδῴǰһս
ֻգͨս֮ˣŸ׳ڻչֳġжôֲ
˵ྫս֮Ǻͯ꣬ڻսĲϱ
һӲܹʤǿȫսͨ
ǴʱۿǸ޷ţ˽ս֮еȼڵĵز
ûһֵ
ǻЩڵĵ
壡᪴Уϼɫأ³֡
صձԴƣ˵ͷ
壬Ǵδкӵս֮
壡ü
ս֮ĸֻܱ⣬ԣʹǶסҲ硣ЩȷоǾɲ
ս춷أǺԹսս塣
ɾ㵱ĶףͬεҲܽྫӱƵ˵ز
ǰһսü٣ʵǷ˼
ڻֱ졣
սҵҲսʱЩ׾һд˱졣ϼƶ
֮սʱΪԶڣͨԪʼʩġ
ȷ׾ûֱ죬ףǵʱΪʲôǲö˵
˼䣬ȴҲûʲô
ֻз˼˼ݡ
λ׼ʱԮֳྫʦ֡
˷׷ӦǣѾ˷Ŀȴ͸ص񶦡
ֻҪྫһ˵ƣ̳֡
תۡϰϢʱȥ˳׹ۿܵһսĵ
ྫνǿ಻ԣйΪһս
˳ΧһжÿһγֶΪŤǳڻΪ
ͬе𺳣Ҫŷ֮ѾܣҲֻǿ֧Űˣǳ֮¡
䣡
ٴתۼڻ˫֮УһĨ̾Ϣ֮⡣
ˣִսһ
ֻϧֲ⣬ǶԷʵսʽ⡣
ֻϲսϲԶսĶ֡
ѹЩ˫ֻʣԼ
湻ˣ
һȭϢ䣬һޱµྫûвʱոյֵڻһȭһ
˼ȵһеһУֹͣˡ
ʱ䳹׾ֹ
һԵĿ־ȻµΣոоӿȫƺϢ
ͬʱڻɫЩףǳ˾޴ѹ
ֻж̶һϢʱ䣬һϢʱѾ㹻ˡ
һȭ£ȫƳ˰¡ˮķ
ۣ
ʱֹʧྫѪػˣϢ½
ڻûͣЪ׷ȥ
һȭڳྫӵʱɫһ䡢ʧͬʱˡ
䣡
ҵĺͻġֱ߽ɱȻã˺ơ
ǳڻ񶦺Ͱˡ
ÿɫΪЩĮһĳྫӵĳڻȫû˼һƺݺĳ֮һսǿ˼֡
ĿأȻ
Ҳ֮⣬ǰͬʱѾ˴֮һ֮¡ɱ졣
䣡
߿ٽս˻ûзӦ
ྫȴѾٴܵڻһȭϢ˥ȫʢʱɡ
ֻǴﵽεǿ߲ɱϳڻǿԻЩ֮ƴȫҧš
ȫ
ҲӦ˹ϼ̵˶ѳ֣ϡһҲˡ
̾һսŽһͬʿ߰ȫӿ
ྫӲʧ
ɱྫӣ
ֲͬ뷨̼䣬˫ѡȫһս
ⷽأɱֱʡ
䣡
̶УѾ΢ɲռһ˿Ϸ磬˫֮£һֻɫֲ֣֮
ȫϷȥս
һɨϼѾʱ˳ྫӣڻս
ڻոһСȻģû˸ղŵϼˡ
ྫҲʦֵܱס
ķһЩҲ˳ơϷȥЩ
Ͼ˵Ľ̫󣬺˼˫ˡ
Ҳȫģʱ̹עսܿҲˡռݵһ˿Ϸ磬ʧ١һ·С
˶⣬Χųྫӣ˫ǿ߿νչһĻ֮ս
ϼ̡ӡӡʮˣ塢Ѧʹơĳɶȵȣȫҳһš
̾ǿĿĺȷΪնɱ˵ĳྫӡ
ǿߵĿͬȷྫӡ
ʮλ׼ʥεǿ߼﷽Բսһš
ռеһУֱӱһա
ʮϢ󣬾ǿܲˣΧ̫Сǿ̫ࡢ̫˷ѹֲޱȡ
ֻһԶȥʮλǿɢ
һȥྫӻһ̾ǿֶסǵѹҲܴ
ϼ̵˵սҲɢһЩ룬ྫΧ˵ط϶
ʱȻ
һɫâ֪Ӻʱ֣֮Ľ֮Ȼȫ۵ǽɫâ֮С
·ƿ˿ռ䣬գۡһ㣬˳ྫӡ
ʱעŵɫһ䣬Ҫ֣ȫֻǵֵֵһֺֻȻץǽɫâ
ˣ̾ǿǷȫǿߣסǡ
䣡
ۣ
ͬʱ𣬰һնˣɫһס
ǽɫâҲ͸֣һֱ̡ྫײ
ޱȵɱ֮һ㣬˲䴩͸˳ྫӡ
һ̣ؼ񰲾һ¡
ǿߵĿⶼྫɫӲϢ˿棬һâɢš
¡ˮȷҫ޹â¶⡣
ʦܣ
ʦ֣
ʮɵɫޱ䣬ݷŭ֮ʱȼ
ྫӡˣ
ӣ

ŭǽĸߴӰ
ɫףֳһЩı塢صϢ
ơɡ˳ҧŭ
ɱ
˫Щˣӡŭֵ塣
Ҳྫ䡢
ɱ
ŭ˴һʱ䣬֮£ǿ߾ѹסơʿΪ߰̾ǿߡ
սҳ̶ȣȻΣಫ
Ʒɻޱ飬ɱྫӵ͵ϮҲмڶС͵Ϯ
ֻҵ˻ᣬس֣ûκΡ
ĿһɨֱһӰ˳ڻϼ̡
ֱ˹ȥ
ڻ֪ǿһбϼ̣ɫЩѿȥϾеСѹƣǸо޹⡣



537 ֶΡͬھ
ոסྫӡشһУʵ̫ıԴˣʹʵֱȥ˴룬Щˡ
۱Ʒɻסϼ̣Ҳûгֵ˼
ƷɻֶԸЩԺҲҪٳںˣǸˡ
Ҳû˼ȥԸˣվԭػָ
ϵƣЩ̾Ϣ
վ֮ˣ֮ǡ
ǿ츳ͨվ̫ǿЩ
Ҳشྫӵð취䲻⣬ɱûôףһ̫˶ˡ
ڻվԭûжҲûгֵ˼
ǿȻߣҲûȥ֣רĶԸԼǰĶ֣һҪƴӡ
һߣնɱ״̬µĳྫӣԻƷɻԣʲôûг谭Ĵ
Ըϼ̣ܿ졢ͰȫԸϼ̡Ƹѹȥ
ȳڻǿϼ̣ǿһ˿ֻһܴ߱ﵽ׼ʥڰ˲Ρ
ֲǣǱȳڻҪǿһЩս֮
ӽڵÿһżΪ£Ϊ޾Ĺƶ
ս
ֲ׵ս
ΪսΪս
սϢǿֲƣѹֱ˴
̶ʮϢʱ䣬ϼ̾ոյĳྫһȫ·磬һ㡣
ҲһЩдž
ôܣ
ڻǰһλѾǲ˼顣
ôֳһλ֮ǿĴڣ
һǿҪȥϼ̣̾ǿ߽ס
ȻҲڳڻǿߣƷɻĸǿ󣬵ǶԣǼĺ¡
Ҳ׷׿ʼƴסǿߡ
߿УײΪңǴδйļҡ
ɫĮһѳ֡ն𣬺ĳɱ⡣
Գྫ䣬ϢЩˡ
䡣
겻õնɽһ˿ıȫкȥ
ޱ飬˫ȴأܵ˼ѹ
񶦹Ȼﵽ׼ʥھŲΡƾĲǱģۺ
񶦵ĵֹԪҲǳǿ
ҲѰǿӵǰۺӶﵽ׼ʥھŲΡ
Ǹոճûַһ˿ͶƷɻǱߣѹ࣬ǰƳյֶΡ
ڣ񶦹ͣҲռݲκϷ硣
תۼײ˲֪ٴΣĴǿռ䶼һ̱Ҫؿһ㡣
ʮϢƺǶݷйŭƺǿϼΣա
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һ𣬵һΡûаմܰ
Իָĳڻѹϼ̵ĻƷɻҲͶȥĿ⣬Щ졣

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Χеһọ̈̄˼ά
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˫Ҳֶ᪽̾ʱõƾֻᡣ
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539 ս
ɢرɫ
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540 Թ
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˫ۣǿհ䡢ֻǾ
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ԪʼĿ˻ߣȻɽ֮ʯԹ֮и·
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541 һԶ
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ΪܻؽĴʦֶ౦ԭԹȻŴӣû˽ʦֻ֣ƺΪʦ֡
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ûٶ˵ʲô뿪üɽ᪷ȥ
깫ԼõĽؽͬţķ֪ͨӸԵֱӷ֧Ԯ

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յĴΧӪأ˷նصķʽΧ
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˵սǿսУ̾ǿҲռϷ硣
ûʱ˵Ĺӵˣʱʵȥɡ



542 ɱ֮
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ڼ䣬Ҳڶǿߡ
˫У˵һҡ
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δ䣬貵ɫΪʮĹɡӶٶ
ƿٶȼ죬ɫҲ۱ˣ˸һɷ·֮ĳظ
תۼ䣬ʮĵâѾ嵽˶ʮĴս֮ϣ̾ǿߣ̾ǿɫ΢䣬ҵֵֵ
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ߣһĨ¶˼ĿǱջصɫ⡣
ĿУɫۡ΢ֵԹս֮һ
ε쳣ǿ󣬺ʾĿ𣬳ȵ̾¾ͬţΪκβ𣿡
Թһؽ̵ӣ̵ӲУؽ̵Ӿ͸óˣ
һ̾ǿķЦ͸һɳ֮⡣
ӵвЩ֪ǶԷ䣬ҲɱܵӰ졣
ߡȻԹһߣмȵԹһ壬ģ
̾ɱ̵ͬţ̱زȰݡ
ƾʱһˣȣ͸ޱߵɱϢ
ǣһҲȾһսο̵޲ڸ·ϣΪǻܲãԹЦ
˧šԹһٶ໰һ֣ձ֮
̾糱ˮһ㻺ȥ˴ǿ
ˣ᪴˶˿ԹҲ˿
Ȼţʱ˵ûʲôˡ
һʱһʱȽؽ̵ӵƻָ̾һʤ١
̾Ӫأʡ
е鰲źãоֻʣȼˡ
塢Ѧʹ񡢶мڼ
ĿɨˣһЩɳƵĮȻԹؽ̵Ҳ볡ˣкο
ɫ࣬еĽؽ̵볡ɲʥʮǰ
ǽؽ̵ǿߣԹнؽӴĵ˵ǿơ
׼ʥеȲǿ߶֪жλԳ
һڵؽ̵ʵɲ⣬˵Թ;׺öԸģﵽ׼ʥڰ˲ΣɢɫķӦþǶ飬˴˧㡢ҵ֡
֮̽ؽ̴˴˶ˣ
˵ͷԹؽ̵ӿ϶ֹһˡ
˱Ҳ֮£һԹǲöԸҲˡ
˭Ҳ֪ԷԮж٣
±˧ᰲţִˣЩ˴ʱΣ˵һ䣬ڼ
һ׷׿ڼ
Щˣ
ڳļ˶ףЩ˵ʵǶҪ֣֮
һֱأĿĺܼ򵥣ΪӦԽؽˡ
ʵǲǲЩǰ֣һ᪴նɱˡ
ǲô
һôˣһδսƾǾսˡ
ͥԣڻǾսʱһŬʵԼʵӾսʱ̣
֮ؽ˲Щ˾Ͳܶ
̵ӣҲֻĸѪһһһشƴ
ʱ׼֡ڼ΢΢ȭ˵ƽĿ֮£˼
ͫ΢ͣϢ˧ɱؽ̵ӡλΪΣ
ʱ˫Ⱥ˿˿ľâڼһĨ֮̾⡣

ϣ
˧˼ǡ֣ѯʵ
Թһˣ깫ʱ䣬ҲֹһˣӦǵȴԹأһͬ
ΣԹܵǰ˶·ϡ
ʱǽɱǵʱĮȻͳ˵ʱֱ˱ԭ
п˼ϾͶǺð취
˧˲ؽ̵ӵЩҲܶˣҵȲԻˣЩȥɱĽؽ̵ӣϴЦ
ҲԿͬ
ڰΪ֪Թǰڱչ֮£ѡ
󣬼ڼҲͬ
żɱؽ̵֮£ǼִĪ
ִţȷʽɱ
ǡڼӦ
ܿ죬˼ڼ֮⣬ɢȥҲ£ֻа𡢼ڼ˲ܲ롣
ȷʲô
Ҫȷؽ̴˴˵жˣжǿһǵȵȡ
ȷĬѡ
ǲܲġ
Уֻʣ˰𡢼ڼˡ
ΧŽɱһ£һ󣬰ԹΪ˸ʿҲ˵ؽԮ
ձ˧ѯʣ⡢ܿҵȱ֪
ϢףΪԷһڽɱĿģձ˧ͻᷢǿûѯʣҲڻǡ
ڼͷװе˼֣صϾȥŽɱһ¡
šͷ
ɱ֮Ҳô򵥵ģȻЩؽ̵ӵĿĵغ᪴Ӫ
·ߺܶ࣬˭Ҳ֪ǻһ·ߣҪǸ⡣
еѧʽǳĴ󣬼ڼõѡ
˼䣬ڼȥһ˼һߵȴϢ
˴ǵϵߡҲֻһˡ
̱¡˵۵

ͬʱڼץʱ䰲ʱյͳһµ᪴ӪУǶЩ֡
Թĵķǳġ
źսʽ¡ػӭԹΪӷϴ



543 ɱԹ֮
ʦԶ̵Ǹмȴлʦˡ᪵л
ʦܿˣĳˡӦáԹЦ
ʦ֡Ƕ㵽̾ȥҵȶлˡǷʲôĽᣬɫ֣صؿڵ
Ҳʽ˷˼ԸؽֶͬԵС
⻰Ҳֻɹ˵񶦶УΪʵǿԸʦֵܵĴС⣬궼ǹΪⶼԭ
ڹϷλߣҲܣλߣǲ̸
⣬Ҳôʲô
˲䣬ڳĿⶼǽŹӺԹˣİ
ԹȻˣЦһգɫҲ֣ޱȣ˫ֱȭʦ̫ˣԹһңҽͬʦֵܣл֣
˻һնʱΪŲҵӣʽദͬĶԵС
ڳļ£ʱеǰǽޱ⿴
¶Цݵʦ˵öԣҵȾЭͬԵС
ԹЦŵͷҲ¶Цݡ
ʱڣΪԹڳˣӡʮɲýܣвٶµǿߡҪܵġ
һܵĲǣһ¡ʼΪĹΡ
Ϊسͨǰߴ᪸߲Ĵڣ᪰һԾǰ᪴ͣ
һս᪴ҰܺˣһֱͣڣΪֵ̾˲
ʦ֣λسТˣᡢȴŻ硢ǻ۾ף᪱زٵس޵
Σڵة࣬ԵͬţҪȽܹТ
˲ƶһΪˡԹ˫΢һ߰ŹΣһΪϵЦ
Եة̫ˣĳܳе𣿡αȭЦݲȣڳĶ̵ӣΨһ˲ͬҲû˿ľȡӦ֮⡣
һ޷ӣ˭ȫâʡ
ֿ䣬һһȥ
ΪϵԮûеڳһսԼЩʱʧʣµǿߡ
࣬ܿͽˡ
˵Ц䣬ۼ˶ͶԼǴڴĿ⣬ԹЦռ̾ȷǿǳУλͬҲصġ
ʦܾں󷽣ֻͬһǰսһӦþܵ
ʦҲѾʮλͬʦֵܣѴӸԵǰս
ֻҪŹһʱգλƻָЩͬʦֵܵҵһܱѩܡ
ϵЦŨ˼֣ȻԹһ˵
ʮλؽ̵ӣҲ׼ʥȲʵһǿ
ȻŹһʱҲף˻ʤϣ˾ͺá
Թ㣬ڽؽ̵ĵλνǾأǶ֪顣
ˣֻʱ䣬ǰĽؽ̵ֻԽԽࡣ
ԹӰ
жӴµӣޱȵĵ̡
ȥŹһʱ䣬һͥȫǵĶ֡
εҲ¶˿ڴЦݣĿ࿴Թۡ
Ȼ֮
˵ʽͿˣʮλؽ̵ӣȴ˵ʮλͬŵӣչŲ˵ĸܡ
˼ϸ塢ȫ֮ˣǼ򵥵ģ
ڽؽеĵλܸߣ˵Ϊ⡣
ؽ̵Ӱڵطţͨڱιľš
УֻĴ״ӣͨߵ̡
ţԹŴӣؽ̵ڶ࣬β룬˵ǽؽŵĺĽϵ㡣
λ֮౦Ϊ⣬ȥ
һһ߿Ц̸һ߰д⡣
Ӧȥ
һȥԽؽ̵̵ĹϵδزдƬ¿
ⳡӭһʱɢȥ˶ȥץʱˣֵ̾ʱܵĽ
λصԼӪʣĿ֮ɫ̾˱ǰ˵Щ
ֻԥϢͱ˫ۣװӡ
Ǽ˷ֵһ˿һЩϢ
ͬʱ˵۵УĿᶯ
ʱһ鱨ٶȴǰߡ

ڶ죬̾ٴηǿһ᪴˲١
һʿ⣬ΪԹĵࡣ
Թˣʵȷǳǿ
ֱӽ塢ơĳɶѦʹ£˿·硣



544 ɱʼ
ʱ˿ɽȣϴ֮Լս֮ϣνǴռơ
˵壬Ѧʹ˶൱һλ׼ʥ߲εǿߡ
֣ȴռݲ˿Ϸ磬˶𾪲ѣɵ
ؽ˹ȻǿֻһԹʵ
һס̾а֮£ǿļˡ
̾ʵ᪴γǿľѹơ
һսʱң
˫ٽʿ˴ǿ
᪴ʿսһһսǿϣڴֻٵȵȣԮһһʤ̾
̾Щģս֮£Ҳš
𡢽˫ڽŸԵ׼
һ죬깫Ҳϻ᪴Ӫ˽ǿߣһġ
ʮʮϦûٷǿ
Ҳ죬յԳǷϢ
һǧһʮȥһǧһʮһ굽
һһգͺȻǿϼеˣ֮͡Ҫսһ
᪴æڷûз֣ʮϢس̾Ӫ᪴Ӫȥ
ǿʮҲ֮⣬᪴Ӫʮ֮һطͣ¡
һīɫʿۣϿȥƽļڼ˫ﾲۿ˰Ρ
ڼ䣬ʮϢ졢ȴǿӰޱȣûдĿ͸Ÿָ
ɵڴȵȡ
ʮˣʮǴӴųģӼз²ǿߡ
ʮУλҳϣλǴӾļɢޡ
Ψһ֮ͬǿСģҲ׼ʥĲεʵ
֮Ӵ󣬱ˡ
λɡУڼƽ
һ˲䣬ڶĿݲȡ·ԹԵļԭƻһ飬԰Ϊ롣
Ǿ֮ǿߣܱҴߣɱ
ûаսɱ֪ͨңϧһдۡҲߡ
ʮ˵ͷûп˵ʲô
ڼ¶Щº͵Ц⣬ʱʮ˫΢Умɵ֮ӡ
ڼҲ⣬ûпһ㣬̬ȺͰλҲɱһ¡ʲôΣգλľʱλܰպ׵Ļᡣ
ִģҵȾñºʹʧļ֮һЦ
û˵ʲôɫͬ˼
ȷѵõĻᡣ
ΣգͻΨһѵ㡢ǲöԷˡ
𡢿Ҳء
ڼͷƣܿ죬ʮʮ˷ֳʮ飬ϱȥ
ֻڼڼһԣҲǿˣǱ²֮еǿߣԴﵽ׼ʥ߲Ρ
ߡ̫ǿߣλˡڼһ߿ʮȥһ߶΢Ц
˾ǵڶߣֹһûаѽؽ֮ס̫ǿ̫࣬ܶʱնɱ
ĬĬͷ̬ȼȲ̫Զ룬Ҳ׽
ǰ֮綾ߣޱҪǶ俿ڶԷ˵Լ쵼ߡ
ڼȫںǵ̬ȣֻҪЩִͺˡ
ʲô˽˹ϵԷ׽Ҳܾ
쵼ôһǿԼĶλⶼЩʲôõĹϵ
ֻйû˽
Ҫ˫ϵ
˳Ĭۿʮ˵ж
ûжã԰Ϊ룬ʮˡʮϱһֱߣһǧգ
ÿʱỵ̈ɢʶɨԼڣȷ˵ĵһʱ䡢ͷֶԷ
Щؽ̵ӴӸԵǰ¶ǴӶһǧգǼڼ󣬵㡣
һ빻Զϰ˻ᾭǿڻԲǿ߷֡
ֻҪӶԶ·̵ľ᪴ӪＸ°ٷ֮߰ʮˡ
ʣ°ٷ֮ʮˣǸϵ᪴ӪãýɱһԽ˷֡
úأڼ˰ȴؽ̵ǰ
һȴǰʱ䣬һλؽ̵ֱݺһǧĴ
ûжϢλǿֱӳˡ
ǿֶκʱƬصİƣҲ˼ڼˣһĿȥҲԽӽ䱸
ȻһѾˣڶ;ԲԶ
䣡
һλɫ۵ˣǰһ̸ոշʶ̽һ̣
ɫһæֵֵͬʱ־ŭȵǺˣΪҪƶ֣
˲֣ĬĴ潫Χסǵǿѹ·磬ŭҲûһҪӡ
ǵ˲׼ʥңһ׼ʥΣһΣһĲΡ
һûһᡢͽˣǵӣȴǱΧ룬ӶӲˡ
ʱǵˡ
ʱǿλſڣԺһ˿ڴǺˣ
ǵ˱;ŭѣЩ־壬ǲԼǵĳС
˻һƣɫǺ죬Ŀ޲ɱǧٴΡ
˭ȷֱɱ֡
ֱ̫
Ǿ˭ƶ˽ؽ̵ӣǾȻΧɱƶŭȡ
ȴɫ͵һϲǽؽ̵ӡ
Ǿûˡһ˳һ˹Խͣ顣
ǰʱңǲʡɻˡ
˿Ǻˡ
һǣҲûг©ܣߴ˵С
һܣûУй
УǶԷ϶Ҫֵģʱɾͻᱻƽ֡
˾Ϳʼսˣ˳ЩҵָɽƵȵȡ
˺Զͷԡ
Ҳ˾񣬵ȴһλؽ̵ǰ
˫սǰߡ
ڼɱؽ̵ʱĴսԽƵ
һһտʼÿյǿز٣һκβǡҲʱָƵӡ
һ𣬰ǽΪķݣÿݽ
һʮʱһݹʱûκεͣЪ
սޱȣȱ
᪴Щ䷳Ĺ˫ûʲôˣ˵ΪΪǲǿ߻ͨӣûкõϢʱ䡣
ǿҪʱ̾Ȼ䷢ȫǿ
ͨӴڱ᪴¸ֻϢϵѹҲǺܴġ
Ҳ󣬱ʱΧ᪴ΧضϣֻԴ䡣
̵Ҳôĵġ
ԹȻ᪴ʵվǴ·磬Ҳҷȥʲôˡ
ֻĬĬ֧ţȴԮ



545 ųߵ
һ¾գڼ˽ɱ˵һλؽ̵ӡ
ʱսɣûκ쳣
˭Ҳ֪ǰ᪵һλؽ̵ӣ쳣ıΧɱ
ɱһλؽ̵ӣڼͰϢ˰
ִ᪴Ӫİɫ䣬ֻ´ҪһЩ
ڶǿߣҲҪ߾ȫ
ͬʱԼֵȡҲڼǿӶࡣ

һ¾գǽؽ̵ȥʱңһ˵ˡ
ʵǿﵽ׼ʥΡ
ûʲôϻǸǿֶ֣Էʵ׼ʥΣпܳ˵ֺ
˵ϣԱһǿ֣߳ƽ֡
Աλǿߣһλ䡣
һΧһˣ־ŭѵĳУҵʱ䣬˱Χɱ
ǰҲ˿ˣѯǺˡ
Լؽ̵ݺ󣬴ͬıߡ
λǰʱ䣬һʮ磬ûвֱնɱ
һλһλĽؽ̵ӣɶ˻һ㣬ŴȻΧɱ
һʮ죬λؽ̵ǰ
һʮһգλؽ̵ǰ
һʮա
᪴Ӫ깫ԹЩüˡ
ʱ˵Ӧнؽ̵ǰ˲ǡ
ΪΡ
һʮչȥûһˣ깫Թ΢΢üʦ֣֮ʦֵܵٶȣû˵
ԹһɣҲЩüЩɵʦͬʦֵܣԶнٶȲһٶȣӦм˵ˡ
˵꣬ɫЩÿ
깫Ȼʦֵ˼ǡûٶȣ
ԹûлشֻɫӲÿ깫˫ҲһĨ
˲֪ЩˣҲ˽Щ˵֪ʱ֪ͨǳģԲȷǻʲôʱ򵽴᪴Ӫ
Թȴ֪ģٶȼ㣬϶Ѿˡ
ȻûеǾ˵Щ˸ûٶȡ
ƲܣʵȴǼпܡ
ض̵ĵӿɲ˵˵ģǽؽ²ĵӣǵӲ̡
Ϊ̵ӸǣּҵҪԭ֮һ˫֪顣
깫뵽ģǽؽ²ĵӡ
ĵòˣпܷ
Щ˴֣λŴӻء
ʵԹԼؽ̵Ƕ࣬ʵҲǿƷеȷклܱ֤
ڻǴ֮ʱױ֡ƻ
뷨£Ҳ⡣
Թɫһ£ȻȲţٵ죬û˵ʦһˣΪֵ˼
ѾЩŭ⡣
깫صصͷ֪¾Ū󣬷Ѻ
ֻͬʱȴоһĨԼԼ
Ҳûʲôͷ
ʦܣ֮ɻʦֵܣԹֵ
δֹͣ깫ϵѾʮλЩȻǻԶԶ
ˣûֹͣһֱصĽؽ̵ӡ
Ȼ˵ʮλؽ̵ǰʵֹ
ǰĽؽ̵ӡν಻һֱŬ롣
ͨķԹԭ򣬽̺˳ٶĿ졣
ԹͷȻ̧ͷ֮⣬һֳˣΪȥˡ
ʦҪСġ깫̹е˵
Թͷγս֮С

һʮ죬ڼһΧɱˡ
ڼŶ˫Ŀתŵ˼֮⡣
ˡƺЩˣ
һʮա
᪴ȴõԮڵˡ
λĽؽ̵ӵ׼ʥĲεʵ
ȻλѾﲻ̫æһźš
ԮϾͻԽԽࡣ
Թ깫˰Ҳ˿˵ˣû˵˵˻ɡ
˿ʼǺõĿʼҲ˼ĵĵȴš
һʮգڼ˽ɱ˰ˡ
죬´һֻɱʱʱǰˣʣĸʱǰ˲ٽɱǹȥ
ԭܼ򵥣ڼµƺЩ̫ˡ
̶ʱ䣬ͽɱ˶ʮˡ
᪴ӪǱߣӵϢΪֹλ
̾һֱΧ᪴Ӫд
ȥܿ˾ͻֲᷢԡ
Ƿųߵĺá
һʮģ֮һʱɱһ죬ڼ˽ɱˣ᪴Ӫǵˡ
˸Ǵϲȴ͡
һʮգڼɱˣ᪴Ӫˡ
һʮգڼɱˣ᪴Ӫˡ
һʮգɱˡ᪴Ӫˡ
һʮգʼ٣ڼֻɱˣ᪴Ӫһˡ
һʮͬ
᪴ӪУԹ˶üͷ
Թ˼˫ϵö˵˼ȴ
ڼҲüͷӣ϶нؽ̵ǰϡ٣ȥ
ǱӦϾͻᷴӦ
ҶǱߵˣҲҪˡ
һ˼˾ϣɱһ£Ҳýˡ
һɱʮˣ׼ʥˣ׼ʥʮˣ׼ʥĲζʮһˣ׼ʥȲʮˡ
Ѿܲûʲôġ
Χɱˣ
һĨɫһ漴ͻָƽ
һŹڼƽ
˵ͷһȥڼǴ̾Ӫطء
صӪأڼͰһͷȥ뻹˻ϣһ¶ʮһһȥ
̾߷ʮ֮⣬һǧ硣
ǧڴһĴӪһͷ
Ľʿִ֮䡣
ڼֱʶȥ
һģĶš͸ޱȼĽӭ˼ڼ
˿һڼЦʱˣ
Ŀ΢漴ͻָƽͷӦá

һ¶ʮչȥһ¶ʮһգֻһˣԹҲͲסˣҲ׸оԡ
ⶼˣʮλؽ̵ӡ
˫̹ϵ̸һ£ԡ
һǿд˼ȱڣ˳ȥ̽
Թɫޱȡ
ôʱʮˣҪôǹģҪô
ҪĿܣ̾
һ֣뿴ġ
ôҲΪֻʱȴϢ
Ͼ̾ǿɻûֹͣ
һ¶ʮգɳ˾̽鵽˼ڼĵط
ڼͶˡ
ҲЩջܲƬطЩԣ˶෬ǿߴս
Ǽһ̽飬һ߻رǡ
̽顢ȴţһ¶ʮգʮӰУǰķ᪴Ӫ벻ʮҡ



546 ǿԳƺΪ
ʮϢߵٶȴǰƺʲôȻһߣѹк񶼷һ˿˿
Ҳǵٶԭ
һߣǵľҲܸߣʱע˷
ȻһǰԶˣڵٶȣʱӦþͿԵ
ͥȻûͳݣԽսҲȻԽ࣬ҪӾˡ
˵ͷɫء
˵ԹʦѾǰȥս֪ǲģȻһ˿˵ź֮⡣
ӦģϧʦˣԹʦ֣̾Եֵסһ˽ӿڵ
̵Ӷǰ߼ᣬʵһʤһգͥŲ˶õġ
˵˵λʦ֣̾һͿءһ˽ӿڵš
ɫҲ¶֮⣬һβҰܣʧһڶ̵ӡ
һΣֱӼ˰ڵǰսҲΪҪôĵӣٶһսܺ󣬵ڻûи᪴ȥԮ
ɼĵӣڶǿߣԼһٶλ׼ʥǿߡ
񶦡ԹȼƵˣܴ̾
ٹʱӦҲҪǰȥ֪ͨλʦˣǰȥɡһ߿˵
λʿ̵ͷӦǡ
Ҳûٶ˵ʲôظ·
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Գǿ࣬ݺݴϢҲЩµĿԹЦŵҫԬ飬ԹȻ鴫
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׺ݣϲɱǿֵ߽ĻἫΪȻܷŹ
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ڼԹҲɨһ
ʱʮλ׼ʥֳλ˫ǰֿǰڶµĵӡ
ʣһԸ׼ʥսߡһΧԹս
˼ڼ⣬Ӱûгֻ֣ǾԹ
ڼڵȻԵ֪Ǳپͳȫ㣬ֵҲ˭ն档
Ǻǣıǲǽɱҽؽ̵ӣٿӻ졢ֿΧʮλ׼ʥеȲǿΧԹŭȵ
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ãȻսթԹԹȵڵķѾƽȥҪǵֵ
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551 VSԹ
ɲĿڼǹģ
ƽָʱ䣡
ΪΣ
вõԤԽǿңûٵȴ˼ȳЩ˵İΧ˵
⣬Ĺâʢ·ӵĺ֮صĿֲ
أ
֮£𵴣ǿбЩʮλ׼ʥеȲεǿߣʹǵİΧȦһѷ졣
ԹŲһҪȥһֱûг֡λǿ֮һˣɫȻһȭֱ
Թһ¶ЩȻ֮⣬ƫУһȥ
䣡
ը죬ȴһˣҲɹǰԹһ١
Ҳһ٣׼ʥ߲εǿһȭһƵϮҪˣ½ǰΧȦС
ΪȾסң
һʮŭȣɫٴιâʢǿߡ
ը̾ǿҲȥǿơ
Թٴһ֮ƾӻӲЩոձˡѾӦ׼ʥеȲǿ߹ҪͻưΧȦգۼ䡢ǿޱȵҪɹ
Ķµ׼ʥһ񣬾̾ǿߣе˿˿ĺȻ
ǿ˾
·ԷҪߵĻǾ͸˿
ͻȻԹ뿪ΧȦʱһɵľ޴ɫɱ֮˲䡢
üͷһ壬ǡ
鵱ȥ漴һģһĺ֣һһҳǰ
üͷ壬ȴǲòͣ½Ų˫ƺȻĳ
УҲû̫󷴿֮ˡ
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䣡
ϵĺը죬ոջǿƥԹǿƣȴǱʮ嫡ɱ֮ĺסԭء
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ǺСǴ
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ڼʱĿж˾֮ɫ
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漴Ǹֳһ˿Ц⣬֪ԹӲˡ
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ڶµӶս꽫ٴμΧǧĴ֮Ȼɢ֧ڵĴС
ԼҲͬǴ֮ɢ֧
漴֧ĪϵǱ֮ǧΪʮݣÿٴŽһǧ˰ǧһ
ʮˣֱڴʱסԹʹѹ·磬ȴһ߲ˡ
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ȷǰģ֮ǿս֮ϣڶһ
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ʮǴγɣ˺ǡ
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Ǽ壬ȻѾѡվڽǵһߣǾ͸ûʲô·
ܴκη棬־ܡ
Թҧ˫Щ졣
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䣡
ǿƸ֣ǱƵҰޣ׺ˡ
ʮĿŶɫ۱ˣֲףӻգµԹӲĹҲǿƶţ뺣ӲʮĴ
Ȼһ죬һɢâĳ֣ʱõ˩סһ䶯ãĸҲӦԷ
Թһϲɫ䵭Ȼûõġ
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ԹüֵʮɾۿɢⷨǿȴҲֻ˩סһˡ
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ĿһĨ˼ʮԴԵǵһλ֮ˣ֮ͽʮɡ
ʮ֣ҲϡԹյͷⲻǶ
漴ɫһסҶãʿƣ˭סң
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ȻΪ࣬Էֵ˵Ĺƣ˺
ٳɶ࣬ʵռš˺£ʮԲסһʱյĽֻǰܱ



552 񶦾ġŮ
ŲƽֻңյĽȷˡ
ڣս֮ϣս֮У㡢ûκλᡣ
˵꣬һۼڼ
ڼȻȵϺΧɱԹ
һԿ˺ܴһ̾ǿߣ
ûжʮλ׼ʥеȲεǿߣˡ
ֶͨʹԹ
λ׼ʥ߲εǿߣλˣʣµĻ˫һĨϧ֮⣬תȥԸµǿˡ
ˣڼһۣҲûᡣ
ٽµ׼ʥҲҪ£λ׼ʥ߲ǿУȻûбƴ
ĴˣȴΪصǸ
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Ĵսչŵʮλ׼ʥ߲Σʮλ׼ʥеȲǿߡ
ʣֻ䣬Թͱѹ·硣
ࡢʱΧҲʮ
ʱ̶ޣ˫ȴӲߣֻܳڶǿΧ
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ţҲͻΧֱӲ̾׼ʥеǿߵĹѡӲ
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ڵľƺʮڣ͸岻סΧȦᱻնɱ
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Ψһ֡ɱ
ɱ¾鲼һƬ֮䣬λֵڶµӵ̾׼ʥԸɱ⣬طǳ㡢ޱɱ¾

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ıǰȫʢ֮ʱްƫƫʱˡ
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磡
Ҳ̲סһϡ
̶ϢŮǰһɫȹ񾲡࣬һɫȹƤɰ
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ûʱˣȸǰȥݡɫȹŮӳһӣĹâûзĶŮһâƿնȥɵֱݷ

ɱսϣʮ֡̾ǿΧɱԹѾȥʱ
ƬһƬǽ壬ǲбŰµĺۼ
ԹȻδҲ̾ǿ߼ǿߵʵ̡
ʵ治˵ҩһ̾
ҲЩԹӲŵڡ
ʱҲǿ֮ĩ
ȻǱƶȻָȫʢ֮ʱǿ󣬿ֲ˫̾ǿˡ
ʮĿŶɢΪ貵Ĺâ
һֱûгֵļڼĲ׷ˡ



553 񶦵ľâ
ޱǿ϶ֲķ
һʱ䣬ⷽغֻһӰڣѹһС
ʮϢ󣬺סϢģһжٰ
µ׼ʥѾܣҪô䣬Ҫôܡ
ڶµĵ֮㣬ɼֻܴ˷ȴǱעˡ
̾ǿ֣ͣϢҲŲƽĿµĿűΧмǵӰ
˿
ʮʮ֮УŵӰɫЩ԰ףĿкء
һ̣еĿⶼǱΧмӰϡ
Թ˫һƽĬϢɨʮΧˡڼڶµĵӣ˫΢ܵòԩ
˵꣬ûκ˵˼ĿͶ򶫷񿴵ʲô
¶ЩЦ⡢Լǡ
ϢʱȥԹâѸɢһա
ͬʱ
ٻƳգһ·ʻÿռ䶼ʼ𵴲ѵɫȹĴ߹Ůӽһ٣Ǳ⣬ԭͬưྻ˫һˮЩ졣
磡
Ǳ𣬱ŵŮһ㶣漴Ǳ˫Ŀ졣
žһŭգŮҧгݵ㡢
Ůûлشɫӣмѵ³һ֣ߡ
ûٶ˵κһ֣λŮӼݷȥٶȿľˣһ˴̹ǵı亮⡣

ɱսϣۼԹʧڳ̾ǿ߷ų
ˣ
ոһԹĻعⷵգֱǿ޵УͱͻΧȥʵ¡
վˣ
һ˫˫ĿԹԭһЩ
ÿһɢŲͬ¹âǿҵӻ죬ȻǶ顢һЩ
飬СģܷŹڼڳȵ
ܽЩﶼõ֣ӻ죬ǻġ
̾ǿ߷ӿ˷ΧЩʼ鱦
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һӾͽʮ𿪣գۼƿնȥʧ
ɫһαˣ¶ЩȻڼͬˣ뺫Ŷһۣޱȡ
ĬĶѡ˳Ĭٴγ֡ץסҲûƿȥĶ飬ûٳʲô⡣
ǿҲץס鱦һж
ŽȥʮһǧҵĴ֣ʧǽǧԹսʱӲû
ǶԷعⷵա˫ʱΪҪصʮܵش
תǰڶµĵӣɫƽһǧҵĴڶ̾ǿȥ

̾᪴ս֮ء
˭Ҳ֪˫˶ˣҲûʲôȥϸ鿴ˡ
һս
˵̾ռʲôƣԭܼ򵥣µ˵ĹӵҲ˲࣬׷ױȫʢ֮ʱ
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ˣ˫ƽ֮ơ
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ȥ᪴һһҰܡ
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ӵɫ˫۵ɴ׷״ȣ͸Ũĵǡ
ȼյɫ룬ɫƽһǿն˰ûٳ֣
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Ҳûٳ֣˫΢УԽء
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ΪһʱǿʱǺǿκβҡԴɳƵĵͳ
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ǿ
̾Ȼʮһɫ䣬ֻ˵һ϶Ȼ顣
üͷ壬Īһ£оһɼµΣա
в˧Ҳ䣬񲢲񶦵Ļ
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΢΢Ĭ񶦡
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ӵ˸ӽˣԼڻȡǵ
ƽ
ҪǱţ϶Ѿ񶦣ͣ¡
񶦺ᣬֻǾŰ𣬵ȴĻش
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ܿ죬̾̾ǿûһ𣬷ǿߺ񶦡
ӵٶߣҪȰֱ֣ͣӱȼյɫá



554 Ǿս
ʦܣ
ӵֻɫΧȡ
Ŀûһۣɫ䣬ǾŰƽԪһʼͲֹͣ
ʦֵˣһʤ
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Ӽһԥһᣬҧˡ
᪴Ųʣ糱ˮȥ
󣬳˰𱾲ǧ̾شӪ󲿷ǿҲӪأǴλͱ񶦶š
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ܣһΣһҪۿ񶦱״̬ҲԲзϣ׽ϰ
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ɫϵĻȼգûκͣЪ˥ơ
˭Ҳ֪ȼյʲôʱ
Ҳ񶦿еʮʱ䡣
ҲһЩҲһЩ
ʱһȥ˫˭Ҳû˵ô˴˶š

̾Ӫ̾ʼһսǵʧ᪴СʲôȷҪ
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ʱû񶦡Թܼ̾Щɱǿߣʵǿࡣ
Щεֵ
ֻԮͨԮĶǿߣԼģиߵǿߡ
ģиߵǿߡ޺ͽؽ̶С
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˵ԹѾⲻ飬ǱǰȥѰ
깫ͷӾµҲ˲ˣ˥ڴʱ
ʦܣǰιʦ壬౦ʦǰ
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Ĳʡŭ𡢺ҲȲˡ
յ飬Ҳ뿴
˶Ĭͬ깫Ҳԥ׷׵ͷ˼䣬͸Կȥ

ҴҼ䣬һʱȥڶŵİ񶦶˫ۣ򶫷
ĿƽԤϡ
ĿһĨ̾Ϣȷˡ
ʱңԶһƬաƺƵǰ
ִ֮䣬쳣ΰ׳ۣͥĴ
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εԮƺе࣡
ԽԽá
ܿ졢ǰĴʼӪء
ӰԱߡ
ǽɱԮԼԹȫʤĺšڼˡ
΢΢һд˧
漴ſڡɱһµĴ˵Ȼʩ񶦣
𿪿˼䣬Ͳٶ˵
ڼ񶦼ۣЩ˼֮ƽҲעĿ
ſ񶦼ۺǿڵԪ˧βһΧɱٳ׽᪴
ϣ˫սҵҲˡ
ʱͥɱԹɱ˶°ڶˣˡ
ҲǳȫֻҪɵһȫԸǡ
ԸٿƴսĽˣԳ׽̵᪴ʵ
һۺţеĵͳ񶦴˿̡Ԫ֮޵Уƴҵס
ѶǾսֵ᪴Ҿȥ
ʮգֵá
һ񶦶ŵļЩȣš
Ԫ˧Դ˵̬ȡΪӣǿԹѵģ
ҲЩȣǼ֪ȫ̼ƻ֮һʵڼ쵼ȵȡ
ֵסʱ
ţûٶ˵ʲôϲ𣬵ҲۼʵڻԶǰĶ֡
˵ûзء
Ȼ񶦿ˣЩįû뵽Ǿʵǰܵáԩ
ԹǰĻһҲʱ˵һġ
Ρɬį
ʵ˲ˣֻҪԸ־ܣԸ󣬶ʮաһֱļڼͻȻ˵ϡ
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񶦿ɲƭ
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ʡȥʮʱ䣬ײ᪴ᡢȥǣ



555 ׼
ߡ
һ뵽˵֮£񶦴˸һվǴԨԴ
Ϊһͳ˧𡢺Ŷ˶Ϊݹϵκ飬Ϊʤֱӵնɱ񶦡κγɡ
ǵУûаݹϵϣӰ쵽ǡ
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ʤˡ
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Խ룬˾Խƫ뷨
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սܾܿҪ쿪ʼˣҲҪʱȥ͡
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556 ҪսΪȷ
浽һЩҲһġ
屾ʵԲ˵Ҳ򵥣쵽ڡһաũһͷ˵
һü첢ûжڣҲδµͳ
Զѣǣ˭ȷȷܴ⣬ҳ壬ҵȻˣҲҪ衣
浽ʱ̣δزðճ֣ҡͷ
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оʲô˭Ҳ֪Ͼ˭ҲûܰƵ޵ĵزҲûб¶
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ԯĿҲͬڴɫ
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ҲʤܶԺ˷ǿڵĵ
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κ˵л֮һ֡
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ȻȻܾ
Ѵﵽ޵޵׶һ㣬ȡ

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ͼɫϵĻȻֹǿƾ춯ء
꣡
ΧĿռ䣬ˡ
˷׷״󾪡
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557 ˡ
ɽдȥ
ʦ㣡
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תۼ䣬ɫ󶦳ʧܵĻȼһգȫӿڣǿԽֲֻʣһѰɫ޽·񷡢ͨġ
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ֹǳԪ
ʱҲûоۣ溬ɷ߳
ǿ񶦼㾡еһֱָ𣬲ʲôԭǶᾡȥȫ
з֣Щ
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ĺͬʱը죬ޱȿֲײನɨķһ̡ʧ
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˧

̾ǿһ߾һ߷׷׾ߡ
ʱİ𣬻Ϣ崣䲻ȣɫ԰ޱȣֻȻ
ǧȴȥ֮һʣµġҲȫˡ
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˵꣬񶦺ͱâԶȥ
̾ǿвٲޣҲûпڶ˵ʲô
һոӲס󲿷ֹһĻȷˡ
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־ϢϢƽϢȥɳƵ𣺡Ӫ

УĹâٶȲ졣
ΪһֱΪʩҪס
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ΪȥɢƲӤԪҲɢˣ˵ţҲ̲ס̾һ
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˵ͷԼҴ㣬ޱȵš
˵ţûá˾ҵ᪴Ӫء

һߣ̾ӪС
뺫š弸տչĴս
УҺöԸǵʵǲ׼ʥ߲ΣȻзѲЩҲΪǡ
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ⶼǿֶΡ
˾Ѿ֮ǿƺֻǿʲô̶ȣ
֪ԭƻԸƺģǰ
Ǵʱİ
˵Ŀɨɫһ
ƣҲĻҪء
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ϢȻ½һЩĿⴹ£ڵ˫󴦣ѾѪʪѪڲϵġһѺ۵˿ڴð
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һϵֹ˿ϣֻȥĥЩ󣬲ܿʼָơ
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Ե˺ݣԼݡ
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ĿΪĮһ˲Ƕ֣ǾͶ˱ǡ

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󣬱ϸ̾

Ҳһ죬һɽ壬̾᪴սǰ߲̫ңԶ
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һԣһɺɫâ֣һС磬߹֣ҪУ
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ΣӦ㡭ˣȻѾҲ㡣
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ҪɾͻԪûô׵ģ֮վй塣
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嵱кأ˼ȫȥֲأܼڡ
ǲ۵ģҲ󲿷ֲأԸṩ㹻ˡ
Ҫͻƣһ취СҲԽӵء
˫üͷһ壬뵽ʲô



559 εѡ
ĬϢЩͳؿڣʲô취
СУҲûƺǳأĬ²ŵһˣ֮壬ɾͻԪ
˫˫΢УûоȣԤϣѾ뵽
ȴЩӣ漴ޱȵĮ˭ϵˣ塢壿
̡Сһ̾
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һˣҪ㹻֮һ壬ɾͻԪ
ǾͱǺĴ̵Ҳǵ
̱ѹƵĺܲңţݵһСƬط
֮⣬˭ܸ̣
嶼ܡ
Ͼϸ˵ûʥˣŮ洲壬ںУʥ˲ǿߡ
һֱķɵһֱǱ躹޵·
Ȼ̡ܸ
СУû˵ʲôƻƽĿ˫֮ˣпŭӿ
ΪǰĽͬһ㡣
ʱšѹվĽĥҪͬ̽ˡ
˵ǽˣʵϣôǿ߽ˣ
˵ˣһЩλĸӹ
ڻܱƽҲǱѹѹš
ֳĬϢʱ䣬˫ʵǸʲôŵ
ֻҪԸ⣬̵ְλѡʥ֮ףɾ
ʥ֮ɾңǺôľġ˫һЦ
£㡢̹ǣ塢ȥ˸ӹΪҳɾͻԪ
ĿתСţҪɾͻԪκ˰˵Ǿͻȥɡ
ĬԥţηɵȴҲЩ⣺δԪұ˵Ȼ֪Ǿ˵һѪЩĳΣ
˫ɫһ㶣漴üʲô˼
ߣһһڳĴѪԽԽˣʮ궼ûһûΪʲô𣿡СУߵ
˫üͷ壬˹˷ɣ
㻹û˵һ䣬ȶԷʲôʾֵһֱ벻۵Ĵ붼ֲأʣµҲ֧Ĺģ
ѪڷֻԽأ˼ȥֻԽԽ١
һ塢ĳʧȻܷɡ
һˣǴʧһֱ㣬ϸˮԽԽء
˫üͷ嵽˼£벻
û֣Ϊ֪һ벻ĸ֡
ΪеĴ㣬Ϊ֮һѹļõĹ¡Ҳֲˡ
û뵽벻ĸ֡
һЩ⣬ȴתĿ⣬ɵֻ˳ĬصУҲһΡȻ
Сƽת˻⣬Ȼ˴֮ʱ˭Ҳ֪ʤΣõѡ
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˫һѹǹɸӣƽҪȥͥ˽ҳɾѲҪִ١ΪУ
̾Ϣһûῡ˫֮˵Ĭϣĵͥ˽֮󡣡
ˡҲǼ򵥵ģҪһʽĹϵΪԼˡ
֮һļְ
ΨһУλʵĿ˫֮˿Ϊˡ
ʱǽͬˡ
ڿ˫֮ҪȥУǲ룬ֻ֮ˡ
ҿɲұ֤ʱǻ˫֮Щ
ǳŵζᱣסһֻҪͬ⣬ǰȥ̸Խƽ
ʲôѾˡܵģ˫֮˳֮Ũһֱʲô
ģһΡ
СٴγĬԣҲûκ˼
˫ദ꣬ˣСҲ統һ
һ壬Ǳġ
ֻҪڣһĽˡ
Ȼ˫֮һЦʱƬأĿȼ̾᪴սǰߡ
˵ҴλʥˡҪ˵壿



560 ˵۹׼
Сʱ£񱻾סˡ
ʱͥȣ㵱ʱΪͼڣ˲ٴˣҪȥݶ֮¡
ΪͥסһЩӾ͹ˣһɱǿӣ롣
ʥҲ飬ο̺ɾͻԪĵӣһԲݡ
ʱʥö˵ʲôһҲΪҪ̽ˡĺáޱȵ
֪˫֮˵⻰йԼЭŭ
¾ˣ֮Уˮ̫̫ˡ
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ǿ塢Ҳ⡣
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۰棬һλʥˣԺĴƣΪƣӲκˡ
ٽΣ˭ںܶʱܶطֻЭš
ǡ˫Цһûж˵ʲô
СҲûбʣСǽޱȣʱ²׿˵жջǻѡЭġ
ˣȥʥ𸴣ǻȥ塢ģΪ˱ʾ岢ûаͥһһλ᪡ٵ
˭˫֮
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ߣһǰæסԷһЩǿߣȥ̵һǿߣҲ
ټʥӺͺôڣһҲʲô
Ͼ˫֮˱ȵĶ飬ԼЩܵһ֮
˵Ҳأ˵Ҳء
ЩʵһѾһ֣дʱĳ֣ʥĺôȫ㹻
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죬Ҫ䳰һȴֹסˣֻǹɷԽŨ
ҷԴǺü㡣
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˫һĨΪĻƺʱܱĻɽһ㣬ǴＷģˡ
Ϣʥúٳ֡ƽһ仰Сȥ
ֻ¿˫֮˶һǣɫ֮
ãһĨЦ֣ЦдЩΡ

ţ޿޵ı߾
һɫӰ˫һ˿˲ֻΪƽӦˣʣµġͶλʥˡ
ȸѾܷģ֮ȫǾǣӽԺ̺ͷһҡԶյСһϲĺƵ
ɫӰһͷû˵ʲô
²˳٣ʦֵܶǰȥһԴҲ
漴Ĩһʧ١
ɫӰ˿̾Ϣ˿
ΣһɽɫԶһΪӢӢӣͣںɫӰԱߡһ峤
ξˣмǣսʱֻסһλͨ׼ʥɣɱˡɫӰһף˵
ǣǡӢ
ɫӰ΢΢һͷһԶȥ
ųӢתĿ⣬ݷһĨɫ漴ͻһݣٶȼ졣
֪ںηһ֮Уһҡ
²ˣô찡
һǵ͵͵ܳȥģʱǲŷ֣Ҳ֪ܳȥ˶ã
Ǵ֮ʱһʧ峤
λ峤ڣǱó취ΪӦ˳ȥѰҵ¡
ͬ⣬֮ߣУһܳ¡

һ¶ʮյ硣
˵۹С
һλɫЩ۵Ŀ⽻㣬ŵ֮̽⡣
׼ʥҳ裬ʧԶӭˡ̽ͬʱȵȻ
˵ۿƶ߶˵˵۲ǡº͵ЦǺʥ֮һ̶׼ᣬ۷ǿߡ
ޣ׼ʥǰҪˣĿ˼¶Щɻ
׼һЦ̬ĵ͵˵ۣƶһ˵ۡ
Ŀ΢ɫ˲٣ɫʥ뽲
׼ͷº͵˵ۿɻǵõͥȡͥͼڵһֻ񣿡
зһ󲨶ƽǼǵá
˵ֻۣǷһ峤
ֱ֮ͥͥΪͼڣһЩͥˣΰͥ׼ָ˵
£ͥڴ֮ʱǲһԾְۣͥݶ顣
ǧ˼ûͣ٣Ȼˣֻʥ˵˼ǣ
ƶҲֱˣˣƶǰͥ˽ݶ˵۳ȫ׼ɫءΪϵ˵̬ǸŵЩ
һ裬ʥ֮Ϊ˷ŵ̬һλǿˡ
Ů派
ⲻǶԷӣļΪǿԼҪʲô
ΪܸۣԼ档
һ߿˼ţһߵˣµǹϲˡ
Уȴǲ׼Ựеĳȫ֮¡
׼⣬л˵ֻۣҪ˵ۿϳȫ̶ر
ĬƬ̷ˣΪֻ֣ͥҪ㹻ȻͿ˽ᣬֲǲǷ֮ˡ
˵ػƶڴ˾Ͷл˵ˡ׼һϲ˫ֺʮл
һ̣ЩɫлЩ˵ƶԸһŽΪл֮񡣡
ɫ΢Щ׼ĻΪصʥ뽲
֮˵ҲΪ˲ֻ̣һЩ̵ӣɱ
һɳһλ׼ʥ߲ߣǰȥ᪡
˵۷ģλ֮˾˺ͥԼκһս֮ʱֻһλͨ׼ʥ
Ѳ˵ۺ



561 ̸
׼˫ֺʮ¶ɫϵ̾Ϣ̬Ȼܵķŵ͡
Ϊ˷̴ûйôǿѣν¶˾ġ
Ʒ鱦ʮƷ½ĽӣΣȫóȥ
ɫȴЩãһ⡢Ҳһȫĺð취ֺα㣿
ֱԽӺµĴ˽Ǹã
˵Ϣŭ׼Ტ⣬Ⱦ׼ԵŭǣҲ᲻á
ݲã࣬ϾڽϡͥԿ
ֻϲðˡ
Ͼû˻ϲβ˵ˡ
ʵǿҪδ٣Ӷõͻƣʦֵܶ˻ֱ˶
ҲǳһƬĺ֮٣ʵΪͥһЩзǿߣ˵ۺ׼ϵ
ɫȻͲãϢ󣬷Ի͡ĮˣǰҴ̣²ƽϣҪȴݳġ
ǰͥıһѣҪÿһ㡢ʩչȫ
ƶͷ塢л˵ۣ˵ʧ׼¶ϲƶ
ҪĿ֮һΪͻƣ϶᲻ȫ
һûнӻ׼ҲԥһɢŽɫâĽɫӳ֡
Ϊл⣬˵Žӡ׼һ˫ϵΪѺõ˵
ҲƸûпֽӹŽӡ
ĴΪǾѾһΪ֮
䣬۷弫Ʒ鱦̴ʥ˽һ䣬ʮƷ½
ĿŽӣÿһֻҪԼܱɾƷ½λ۷Ʒ鱦
ʲô컯ԵɾʮƷļƷ鱦ҲûпܵģֻǻС
˵̶ʥ˴εȷ˴ǮȽϸ˵ĻһŽҲ͸ʲôˡ
ˣƶͲ߶˵ˣƶǡ׼΢ЦǱҪ֮ʱǾԲ̤볯ǵġ
¾Ͳʥˣ롣Ȼһֻ֡
׼˫ֺʮͷתȥת۾ûաԶ볯ǡ
׼ȥĪķһЦЦĻȡ
ԷΪõ𣿡
ĵռŵĴޣȴһϡ
Ŀⴹ£еŽӣһ˿
Ķ

ʱ󣬶鹬У߳
ɫһĴЩ⣬ء
鹬УһͬĿ⣬գ֪Щʲô
һ¶ʮյҹĶ
һ¶ʮա̫ճ𣬶֮ϣѰ˸޷ҵʥ˵Ȼ¶
ӿռͻȻĳһһ֣ѹ޾ġ
ˡˡ
Զӵ𣬲֪˶Զ
Զĵط޼ɵĻص
֮ϣڶĵ졢УһӰ
ҽؽ̾ӣ
죬ʦҪҵȿ㡣
ףʱӣĪΪ֮ͥս


һӰûκԥڱصģأȥ
ܿ죬ˣһλλǿĴڴ˷ٶͬһصۡ
ÿһӰͶд޽ɵ߲εʵ
ֶǳ֮󣬶廹жϾͲˡ
һλλǿߣȿʢĳЩڣĿж˼ɵԼһĨϲ⡢ڴ
ɵؽ̵ʵǿᣬϲؽټӣĪҪһʤ
أһ˫·ҹתľ޴ӡһ˿ɫ
ϣĿƽԼСһĨ

ͬʱʤޡհϣ¸߲㣬ӵʥ͡
һλλɫأıսʱȴ
սϢ̼ŵĶޡ
ڽؽԼ£һƬƽޱȵĳ֮ʱ
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𡢺ųһȣ״ոӭɫصƽεĽϢ
ؼɱ¾֮Ҳٻۡ
ˡˣ
ѪսһƽѪڵաһӪ
糱ˮһ㣬˴ŴӪʾ˶ȥ
Զһɽ壬ɫۡ˫֮˾ţ̹ǡ
ֹˣԶһս
ܿ죬⡢ȴĶš
ʱûп𣬶Ǳĵźţԭµľݣʱ˺εɱ⡣
ɱҴĺţ̲ס
뽪ǵĽѾȷϣɱǴԹͷľǺš
ԹȷǿᣬϧҴԣվӲ³һλĺƽ˵ûκοϧӡ
еֻһȻ
㡭
СáסŭաҪֵĿţҲ뼤ŭǣաи˶ϡ
ΧɱҴģЩˣ
ǺǡȻЦڣʡѰԹ˽ǵĻҵȿԸԹĻᡣ
˻һ̾У˱ˣЦڡ
ЩмϷʡ
Ҳˣæѹвƽ
ɨǵĽˣд⡣
û뵽ҲӰӶô̱Էץסˡ
ѰԹ˽
Ծ䣬ڳֻ֪Թĳ
ʦ㣬Щ˵ȸʿ֮ǧ򲻱ᡣʱȵ
˿ףۺţһ졢Ԫ𶷳֣Ⱦжٱ£ڴ˲¾ƺб¾ƴ󡢾ȡõ
ƲǾ͹س衣
һ䣬Ԫ𶷵תĻƷһ㡢һơ
תۼ䣬ƾͱ鲼˷ԲƺɣһҲʼ֣
ʱͺڴֵǵĿ
ɫأĿ棬ϸϸšʱһĴ
Զɽϣɫ۵ĿһĨ죬žƺ
ָо
ΣյϢ
ҲҵСˣ
ЩЦ⸡֣͸ŵ˷ܡս⡣
š
ߡ˫΢СһߣĿɨۺţͿʼ֮



562 ƺ֮ǿ
ǿӿڡ
ǧ񶦵һ֮£ࡣ
кŴĴ䣬ֱӴﵽǧ
Ȼƶˣʵûоʱĥϣ֧ƿĴ֮Բԭȵǧ
ûп˵κλɱ񽣣һһƺȥӰͬɽ㡣
ɱɱɱ
ȻɱǱڴ֮еɱ֮Ҳ緢Ļɽһ㣬ͺˡ
Բգһּ䡢ѪϢ
𽥿ƺİһɱܵΣոŨƺһУͻٲһ㡣
Ŀ⶯£ϣԭΪһŵƵĴɱ֮á
ޱߵɱ֮ӿڣʱƺУĿһĨ֮⡣
Զɽϣɫ֮ɫϵǹ˷ս⣬ҲŨ˼֡
תۼ䣬ڸָĿ£̤ƺ֮С
ϣƺŨŨ˲
еĿ·ЩĶţֻܿ棬ڵ
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λʦ֣ǿܿóаֿʮϢȻ
ӡȼƵüͷ׷ҡͷ
ƺȷҵ⣬ʲô̫Ȼ
˵ͷʾͬ
ɫȴЩһͷ֣صλʦֶ̾͸ˣҲʦܴ̾
ӵĿʱһ󲿷Ͼֵͷʾͬ
Լһ裬ǶǷǳĵġ
Ϊ£ٲ⣬һزġѧϰ֮
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̾ȴĻᣬͼ۲ƺЩ㡣
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ȫΪҲֻӳ̡
·ҲɫʱҲԶһأ֪˰Сƺ
ֱԲ֣׾ƺҲǿһ㡣
ľƺԻԪΪģڰţ֮֪ԡͨ
Ҳ˵ڻԪһ壬Բȱ
һ㣬ԲĻԪ
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Уûлģο㱾ˣһʱƷӡȫ֣Ҳֲ˶á
Ȼ㵹ܶһᡣȻ˷֪δ
ûᣬֿʻԪ֮
־ܣһݹҪٴ
΢棬ܸоԷ˵档
˴ʱԸһкĿģ
˼ţȴǸᣬӡ
ôᱻ
οɱ
һ
ƺվǿŴ
ˣŭ㡢ʲô飿ɱΪڶͬųһ
ҲͷΪ񾲵ʱҲǳޡ
һҡͷͥеĵλأʵֻ˵֮¡
˵дã˫ȫ濪սаڣҲͥ˼һ
üֻо̫ԶȴҲеֻܵͷĬϡ
ͻȻĿ⿴̾һĨ档
һƺ仯
⡣
ŵ£̾ڶǿ߶ˡ
׼ʥ߲Ρʮ׼ʥеȲεĹȻƺ
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Ȼ޶ԣŭŷ׷׳ҪأҲֻһС֣ʣµļƺ
ʱͼƺϵҷ漴ٱ󣬹ҪЩ
գۣʣµĹѾЩ
أ
һը漴һоͻָƽûзһ㡣
ˣһ̡ǵɴ˫ۣ֮



563 ̾VS
˼һ㶣̲סһ
һĻʵ̫ġ
Ƕ룬ȫɡЩľƺ󣬱ٶȸ죬ͬʱҲԼٶƶŵˡ
ȻҪ
һλ޴׺顣
ŵĿȵӪأ׼ʥս
˵ţѾһǧϣʮɱ֣ʮڶγ֮䡣
һ߼֮һôӪؿ󷨷
һ̣ǿһγ֡
ŵλ׼ʥߵȣʮλ׼ʥеȲΣλ׼ʥȲΣһͬĹ
䣡
ƿֱⷽƺЩҡͬһſʯ׹䣬γɺ嫵ʯ
ƾ춯أƲɵ
ƺУɫҲδй
ãѹư𡣡˵һ䡣
˵ͷٿһִ֮ѹŰ
˫ƻӶƺС޾ʻԪ֮ˡ
һСڱ˵Ĳٿѹư
󲿷ǳ󣬺ʾӭʯ
ʻԪ֮һ˲䣬˵Ŀⶼˡ
Ԫ
Զɽϣɫ۵ĿͬǼһֻѵһ㣬֮
ȼĿЩȻԼȡ
һЩˣǶ˸ͬĿ
ƺǿ
ĿУʯʻԪ֮ײһ
أ
꣡

ƬصײըֲನɨķƬ鿪֮ѡ
е˶оΧռĲȣǾҪˡ
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͸һɸ߽ء
ŵɫص˼㣬ûã
ô׼ʥǿһȻֻǽˣ
пɻаǣƣ
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ȻĻȽһЩ
ͬҲһΣգƺ׵İ취ǿ
Ӧѹ𾪵溫žҪٴγ֡
ҲӦĿ⽻䣬ʹĬһЩ̾ǿߡ
޾ʻԪ֮ţ߶Ŵ֮Ҫٴγ֡
Ȼһ䡢һɳɱ͸
ɫ΢䣬Ա߱ٵ㣬ƴˡ
㣬ѹƲסҲæЩ
ЩǱߣȻ˾󲿷ֵĴ֮ȻҲо˻ᣬһƴһ㱩
⣬ŵĿһٴγ֣ûκȫ㾡ȫ
ˣҲϳأһϵ𶪳ȥ㾡ȫ̾һս
š̵ͷ
󶼲߾ȫİֻоһᣬռתѾ˾ƺ
˧

ٴϲõ𣬲ҲѾûٴγֵٶ֮УΪǾ춯صʯһγ֡
˲䷴ӦҲûͣ٣ɱ񽣺Ȼն
ȼƵȶʮ˳֣Ҫһֹ
ƺУϳȫȫһ߶Ŵ󣬽ƺƶһ㡣
ΧʧʻԪ֮ͬһǰȻײʯ
˵ʱ࣬һʵգ֮䷢
ƺصľղǧ﷽ԲһƬš
䣡
·ҪҫƬĹâεض飬ֲɨһС
˶ȥܿǿֲ
һʻԪ֮ҲѸȥѣôһЩ
ûκһ˵ģһռϷ磬ƺֲ̫ˡ
ֲǾܽƣҲ֪ҪķѶ
οܾս
ʱȼƵǡ
ɱ
ǿֲನŰȻͳɳƵ
ǿûԥɱ嵴ʡ
Űɱƺ
ƺУϢЩȣǱ
ٶλ׼ʥһ̫󣬸οаôһλԪ¶ǿߣԼ׼ʥڰ˲εĺš
ԲոսԪǿߡ
нӡȼƵ˵ҲЩ·硣
ⲻԭĸǣһ
ȻҲû˿ľ⣬ˣܳŵ˶ã
ûԥ߶žƺޱȵӭ̾ǿߡ
ӡȼƵһ᪴Ӫ׼ʥǿȫһߴڴ̾ǿߡ
ܳŶ̾ǵȻ֪ǴʤĻᡣ
ȸ󲻳Ļᡣ
䣡
ĴսչָĴУΪҵײ
ͨɢżΪҫ۵Ĺâš
ӰĽӿԽԽŨݡӺݳ֣ӶȥĿ
ⳡսУΪעĿģȻ߶ľƺӲ԰Ϊ׵ٶ׼ʥ
ʻԪֲ֮ޱȣƵһЩ̾ǿˣΪǸͲҿ



564 
𣬶ΪҲ֪Լܳŵʲôʱ
һٴ󣬽Ѳ⡣
ԴʱȻ˵ԸռһЩƣʻԪ֮ѣ˵ģȴ̾ǿߡ
ǰǣ˾ƺҪ̾ǿѾҪˡ
һߣȼƵǱŴ˽֡
˫ͼסԷ࣬һʮˣ˫ʮˡ
Ҳ׼ʥеȲεʵ
Ϊ׵ĺšȼƸǻʵӳ׼ʥڰ˲ε
Ҳ׼ʥ߲Σ̾ĻڶԸ
ҵĴսƴչ˷һӰľĿת
ɫȹ֮ˣɢϢ˫žƺһһΪϢ񼴽緢ĻɽѹƲסѹơ
һصĵطϢȥЩϵӰš
ƺ󣡻ʥ˵ӣ
λʥ˸óģλʥ˵衢ɿ֮ʶһƺȻٲĴڡ
ţԪ֮¡˿ɵ󡣡
Ҫڳ𣿡
ٵȵȣ˵֮Сֻһ֣Ҳ⡣
⣿

䣡
޾ĺײþƲȫɢԲǧĵҪôӴܣҪôֻɪɪĴԭһҶ
ҲѾˡ
սʱңҲ֪⣬˵սͺšȼƵ˵սԽԽңԶ
ĿɨۣԴ
ٶ׼ʥĻҳУһʱҲûз֣ʮӰʧһ׼ʥеȲΣһ׼ʥȲΣû׼ʥߵȲΡ
Ϊ׼ʥߵȲμϰôλ̫ע⣬һʧᱻ̷֡
ʮӰšȼƵ˵սȥ
ֻʮϢһֱעǱߵĽͷˣ̾ˡ
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˼תϾ׹̾ͼûԥȣСģ̾ȻͼΧɱǡ
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սȼƵ˶һ
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ֲ֧̫ãǾɱ˽ˣԮС
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ӼҵɱչҪȼƵˣǣ˲ãӲӲ顣
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οǻҿ
ȼƵߣȼλǿֱӱסԭؼԶְܳˡ
̾ʮˣʮһλ׼ʥеȲΣʣµĶ׼ʥȲΣֳݣɱвǿˡ
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ĸǱסҪܵˣڶֻ
λԼһǿߣ̾ǿ߼λ
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ʱƶžƺǿпȼǵսʻԪ֮Ҫ̾ǿߴˡ
һ̾Ȼıڶ࣬աȻɢĿɨٰ˵Ľˣŭ
˲⣬˫ǲݡ
˵ٶΣ
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ȼơŵ˵Ľ֣ΪĬĶһЩ
Ϊߺǿǿ
֪ѡ
ԶصӰҲĿһĳˣ
ߺˣȳĿǴԶһʹâ
ʹâΪѤͬڰЩҲΪĿ¡



565 VS
ʹâĿ˵ĳ֣ҲӻͣȻߡ
գۼ䣬ʹâֿһЩٶһ٣Ӽ쵽Ϊһɫ֮ա
˫ʮƣһ֡ͷ·Ƭصģ˫ѹ¡
˺Ȼһֻ֮С

漴ûʻİƺҲڻشĻ˫Ŀֱ̾ƺС
ɫֱ䣬ֻһۣס˵ĿĸҲǵ˵ġ
ȻΪָеʱսʯ쾪뱾һս
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壿Ǻǡһû壬»ЩʵαȵùǴͳĴ̣
ле˼ǵ
Ҫǿ֮ԳǰǵģоҪˡ
û˵ĿеĲϲҲԶ׼
𡢺ŵҲЩãϡ˿ԡ
ȼƵЩ⣬Ǻ⣿
ս̾ڴ֮ͣ֡
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Уžƺ󣬿ЩˣϢ籬ǰĻɽϷš
׼ֱӳʱƺɢӰ֡
һɫȹ·ϵƲγɣɷĽ
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򵥵һƣ˫еĻѾ˿ΣſԪɢ⣬ȻڡֻпһԶԶ
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ণ
ƴָ߹ͻ𣬷·ҪƾŲʮ˲
ࡢơࡢڡɫâͨӣ˴ϢתɢԪһϢ



566 Ҫ֤
һȸ
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áһԪ𶷽ɣٴγ֣ƺҲٴγ֡
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ѾȫòһȫԸĶ֣а
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Χие𺳡
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ҪСһĻᣬԺĳ飬ľžߡ
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΢΢ͷȼû˵ǶѾ֪еѡ
ɹһҴ㡣̲ס϶˵
˵ˣ˵Լ
ûзǵͷ



567 ֤Ԫ
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֣֮пʼ
ӰԼ˷ٵ̽ӣҲʶˡ
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ںĲķ˵ҪԪǼΪش顣
һɹӰ쵽ࡢ档
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̬ܶȵȵȣᷢһЩ仯
Щˡ
֪ңԶĿ⡢ӸͶ
ţ޿޵ıԵ֮ء
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Ŀ⽻䣬һĨüͬʱǽ׼ᡣ
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ľ֮Ҳ
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ϵĿҲŨһ֣΢΢ͷ
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΢΢ͷҲû̫⡣
ԷѾɾͻԪˣҲȥš
ǲҪ
ȻҲЩ棬Ҳ̫⡣
ǱߣΪûȼϹŶҲ֪ʲôֻܼš
˵۹ţޱԵ֮ءιУĿ⵹ûо棬֪ᷢ¡
Ȼһͨ׵ĴҲʼ
գֻʣһɫȹľӰ
ʱ뵽ʲôٴа㣬زѡ
㣡һߣϲе
û˼ֻͶȥϲĿ⡣
ȥǸֳº͵Ц⣬Եס
ֿǻţǿ˵ģһλѵĿ⡣
Ŀһ䣬תˣǹ⡢ƺÿһ̶ڼټӾš
˲䣬ⷽغͻȻͼžеĿ⡢Ŀⶼ˸ı䡣
ĿһʱɾͻԪͬɾͻԪĿȴδ֪״̬֮С
Ҳ˵ûסˡ
ҲΣŨŨĽ䱸չ¶̾ǿҲٴУᵽߡ
ϲ֤Ԫ̵ԼԪǿ߲òִսҲôߣʲô⡣
Ȼһʵ
ֹա
һĿȥֻһλͥɫۡƽƽӡ
ĲӣĻ
ԼԪó֣
ǿɶ֪
üһ壬ʱԼ
Ϊʦ
̾˴ʱ˵ӦҲ˵ƭǲŶԡ



569 
ɲУ뽪Ŀ⽻㣬Կ˶ԷĲ֪顣
Ӿɲ
һ˲֪ãǶ֪ǾͲЩˡ
̾Ѳ˵ѣ
ʱڹעǵİ𡢼ڼˣҲЩɲˡ
Ǻ񡢲֪飡
Ǳ¡ʺǵ̶ôܻ᲻֪飿
˶һۣĿԽء
ʱδֻ֪һλԪǿߣǱ͵Ϊɥ֮ʹڶ䣬Υ̶ǿг֡
Ͼ̶̶ģǻġ
ʱΥˣºܵͷҲѾˡ
ԼڼŻһڣҪ׷ֵ뷨
ڡ
һɺԣ̺ʱ̶ͻȻȣ˫еѾﵽһ㣬еȷǲȷ
˵Էԣ֮ºԷͳе
Ƕ̶֪̾ıƶˡ
ʱƭǣҪӹĳ֡Ҳδزܡ
졢壬Ҵ̱»λ湲̶ͬͥǵնµġ
Ϊ¸ҵ˵˾ԣҴ̱¡λ棿ڼüɫЩɻ󣬺ǲ׶ԷΪʲô֪£
ȴ쳣ƶֱ׳һͱܵĸоš
ֵľҲ˵ĺΥ͡
ȻԷǵˣһ֤ԪҲͲһˣûлԪǿڳ£̬ŵһЩ˭Ҳ˵ʲô
ڣڼֵ²˵˾ԣԪ˧ǿɲͬ°ɡ
׽֮ԡ
˫Ŀͬ㣬˰𡢺Ŷˣͬˡ
ûҲǲġҪ˵֡
𡢺Ŷ̾ǿĶˣͥоأһһ˵ѷ˵ۡλ档
׵ͳĮȻ
˫ԼŽƽ˵
һռ˴롣
֮ԣ𡢺Ŷĳ׿ڳϣͶȻǼٵġ
˵ۡλƭ˰ǡ

ôʦλʦ˵ǵ̶
ΪʦδʦҲûӵ
һĨʱ
ʱҲȥ˼Ϊʦû˵ΪһѾռ˼
ɱ֮𡢲ò
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ĵӶΥ˵̶ɻ˵ĳЦʧǵ档
֮ԣպں㣿
Բ飬ҪԼ˵Ժûлȥˣ
ǺڽĴ֮УҲڱУڶãΪɱ˺š
֡
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Խ룬еķꡢŭֹסȼ
֪У˫Сһ˿ѪɫȻ֣д
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кȥã
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һֱĿ⣬ͬʱһ
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䣬һ̾Ϣ¡
Ԫ֮ܵӰ죬ⳡ١ˡ
ϵĴУǱĮȻǣһߡ


ؼ䣬Ȼըգɱ˲ÿ˵֮У͵Ĵһ
𡢼ڼֻоһ⴫
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˴󾪣͸
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صԴ֮ơ
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䣡
ĺײը죬һʯȥΪˣȴҲֻɶ˻һ㡣
ʹһµٶȼȴֹһ˲ɼᶨơͬѹһеɽ¡
ӵüѣ˲֪ΰĸоֻǿš
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ǺǣȻӽԺͿһˣȹϲڼһ߳һûκλҵЦ
ɫһ䣬ԭźŵĿ⣬Ҳ˼ڼ
ɱⶼҪ˫նڼһΣѿڶÿɱš
䣡
Ƹǿ֣һµٶȶʱֿ˼֡
ӵɫӲÿˣ⻰һڳ̶֮£ֻڱ˽
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ﻹȥھϡûܻĹء
صԶٴ˵ȥֻӰٶǿᡣ
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ҲۣѪɫ˫۱棬ԣҪɱΣ
ͨ쳹صĴ֣Ԫ㳲һƵٶ½ֿ˲٣ƾ죬赲ĸоڼÿһС
ȻؼĪһ£еһк񶼰ѹֵϢɣ˲ÿһС
ÿһ˵ɫҲˡ

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·֮ͻȻ٣ϵϢһգ۱ÿһգѹѹ
ѹֵϢʮķѹÿһ顣
һƵƣࡣ
еĿͱˣ𺳡ȡϲɵȵȣһͬ򶫷ȥ
һ̣УһصӰ֣ͷƽڣһɫ۷
ΰƬأ·صģףеһУƺѾ
μ£
羴ȵٶλ׼ʥûκԥٳֵֵһƣתԹһ
ϵﵽһ۷壬ؼž
ϵ¡ĺ˻ĶֻһӰڡ
ȼơӵȵȣһһֿ˿ڣֻҪĸо
оޱȣȫѹ
ӰӰ̫ǿǿӰǡ
˵ۣ
Ŀȥ˫еѪɫԼ۱ǹޱȵĿ⡢£糱ˮȥ
һҲͣˣԸ⣬ǲòˣܸоȥֻһ
ͬУҲȻһ塣

иһ˿³֣ʵҲûкڣûжʱȥ롣
ǵӰȫ¾ǽ䱸
ǿ
ǿĳ¶ԷֻһӰ˫ûн֣Ѿ֤Ԫ
Ҳеǿ޿ƥСɵֿ
ǹϡǣǿľףǿ˸ֿ˼
ԼӦó
ͨࡢ֮һ㡣
ˡεֵ֮
λԪǿߣֵĸо
Ҳ˵ԷѾӰ쵽Ԫǿߣ⻹ֻӰ
ֶһֻһӣð
Ŀ⵭ĮĿϵ𣺡Ĺأ㻹Ʋˡ
ƽգΣ
־ܡĮ
롣ĿһûԪΣ̵ӣԲ־ܡ
ʱͿ緢



570 һȭһ
ߡ
һߣûٶ˵һ֣֣ѹȥ
̼䣬췭ظתƣеһһУƺⲢ̫֮С
졢أȱ˽ȥһơء
ֻоһһܶ
һ䣬ص˼㣬Ѿһâˡ
ǵĶ֣ôֻˡ
ҲģȻǶ֣ѾǻԪǿߣȫߣ
ҲǻԪǿɱҪԭ֮һ
ڱˣֻҪˣԴСǳֵģôǾֻӰѾС
ѾΪ˲һܶ˸Ϳ壬ǿռд󣬺˵ٶȼ졣
ȴҲǸеâڱεĴں֮䣬ֻҪһ˿Ͷᱻ׷ϡ
Ȼһ˿һκβ
ʱţޱԵ֮أ׼һƵĿУЩ֮̾⡣
ֻһӰܷӳӽ۾۷ʵ֮ءգ˵۵ʵʾҲֻһ֮ңˡдЩ̾
׼ͷҲͬ̾
Էͷ·ڼޡƿһ㣬ǿٶʵ𺳡
ڼܵ̾أȥĿܵĴ󣬿ϧھ֮УھУ˵۵ʵҲɴﵽʾÿһĽ¡
Ҳ֪λûУ
˵ţ˫΢ɲһ˿ɫ
Ŀһƽ̵ӵһɹ֤Ԫġ
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ը죬ؽԶʱ鲻ԽȥϢѡȶ
ΣվǸո֤Դﵽ۾ǲС
һ·ȻҲʧˣ漴Եֻصԭ㡣
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𶯣Ԫǿµѹ֮£ֻоʱ֧Ųס
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䣡
һԲĿռȻ飬֮
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䲻ǰˣȴʲô
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Ȼǡͨƽ𣬡֪£ֻҵȵ̶ƶҪȥܳͷ



571 ݽ
Ҿݻ˹أԵɹгͷʥҪȥƻ𣿡Į˵ȥǿƣ̬ȴûκ֮⡣
˵Σͨ첢û˼ƽ
»س裬֮ѹЩȻ֧Ųס
ͨûпһ㣬ȴͻȻ쳣ֱӣ˵ѡ񣬿߷Ҫ˵ϼˡ
һ䣬ǰӰҲӽˡ
˶ĿУʮĿⶼ˹ȥԸȥ뷨
ʥдˣԵ㡣ɫ䡢ֻǸ˼ء
һ䣬ƺݺһգͼﵽ޵ʱܲסȻӵԪ𶷷â
Ϣ˥䣬εĴһץסȵӿڣȫ̶֮С
ջ֡ȫͨ졣
ͨĿ⿴һۣһѳ֣Ƽ
ҲĬ˵ķʤߴ
ԭơǳĴ󺣣ʼڽߣԽԽǿ
δȫײһ𣬵ǹǿѾղƬҡҡ׹
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·һУС
ڿɫزѣĿвŹκһ˿һ龰
Ҳ˽ͨλ޺֮˵ѵ;
ţޱԵ֮ء
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ͨķƼǿд߶ܷ֮ŽŽܱ˵ۣҪȥˡ׼Ὺ˵дһڴ
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˫н֣ͨȫ߶Ѱŵ㡣
û㣬ҲȻΪʵĹ㡣
һεĽڡƾеľ汻ơ

ͨˣ߽桢ʤ׷
Ǻ嫶ﲻ֪Ǻѹգӭ߽
ڰ˽ͬˣǹͬ
ھŽԥնһͨӰʧϵֻʣһҲǰ˽
˫΢УĿУ˿˿ϡ
ûʹǣƽճȭƺȭУһеۡһȭӭϡ
䣡
µĹ⻪ٵ˷в֪Ŀ֮£һȭͨĵھŽͬʱɢ
ֻʣԭĿģеһȫ飬ռ䡣
Ƽһ漴ƿռ䡢򶫶ȥֻһͨƽ
˵ۺñ죬ƶˡ
ӰҲ࣬ɵıֱ塣
ޱ顢ʧ
̶ʱһν棬ͨȥʱӮʤ
˷һƽָ뷨׷׳֡
³ǰս֮ϣûж˵ʲôһ֡ӡ򳯸Ƿء
ͣоӵͬʱȥ
˽սҲὪ˵ĵ
סͨĵɫСȴûκθ֮⡣
˫ǵ˼֮⣬ΡһĨ
ͨ졢壬µҪⳡϷҪȥ



572 Ե֮
ûжã˳ǣֱ˵۹
Ӱֱɢһâع
˫ۣĨ֮ٴ漴ǸӦʲôüͷһ
ᶯȫӡڴ֮У˫Ŀɨӡ
ȻȫӡʶڵģֻǴʱȴ˫ۣһģ
ԴͨȥˣΣں
ʱԵĿ⣬оʺͼΪصѹ
Ҳܡ
ĿԽϬģȴǺĺ
ò˵ǺеĴˣ֤ԪһΡ
ȻﵽУŮһС
һݣѰ£õЩ˼ҲûʲôóϵģõıȻġ
ȷһѵõı
ڣǰǻԪʾ۷£о˸ȤĶ
ۣ˫н֣ͨ
ʱ˫Уɢһ㵭ɫâ赲֮ͨ
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Уֻʦͨ죬֪ӡ֮¾ʲô
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һ̴δй֮¡ɫĻѿڶ
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˵֮
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ǡӦλŮŮӳڴУ󡢾Ҫȥ
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ӦñӵС
ûʲô޳ܱɣеֻΨҵİԵ;ġ
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ģͨ졢塣
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㲻ߣΪ²Ὣĵ
Ŀ⿴˶

ǲӡ֮ʱԶڶ֮ϱιУͨ˫Ŀ
һ̾Ϣ漴һ˿ɫݷ
ôͷˣ˹ȻС㡣
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Ŷڵȷ˾ٵҲʣֻ⺢ӿ²ԸɣԺ֪ˡԪʼڣʮɵ˿е𾪡
ΪںʶԪʼ֮˵һֱءԪʼոоǴЩ
ͨ۾бԪʼ䡢һ˿۵ζ
ҵȰˣõȥ
ҵʤˣʱ治Ը⣬Ҿȥ
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£ͨΪȤ˵ǿֶСλ˵ˣǷӡûлʾʵɷֲˡ
˵ţдЩս⡣
λ˵ۡȷǷ˼Ѳ⣬һ׼Ԫʼһͷأָ
ӡͨһ˼ͬʱͷͬ
֮ս׼꣬Ҳκһ⡢С
˵˼䣬Ӱɢȥ⴦طҲʧûгֹ
֮ĺģӿȣ̾սϢƺѾ˺ġ
ٴУһ̲ܷɡ
̣Ǽ糣



573 ɱ䡢
󣬶һա
ļӿ֮ʱǰսϣȼյĻ棬ڷ˱仯
汩ʱըѿ
˵ͬʱǻڽһɱʱ̡
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ȻӴһâɢһ¾۵һ
СһЩȴˣ͸ĸо
һ֪ķâһȸ֮ʧȡ֮һΪȡ˾Ľ
ɽ߸ߵ¡ȱߡ
ʾţһλ޾µŮӡ
˫üơΪ⡣
Ǳ֮ǰףɣӾ
Ȼλո֤ԪĶŨīһʵķһ峤ĸסһ
ѡŮ֮塣
һӣһɫΪ塢ȹΧסȼյĻҲٱȡ
˷Ŀ⣬˲ֱӡҿ
˫򳯸跽һ˿ɱڼ䣬Χ飬Ҳ֪ġ
˵Ѿˡ
ȴҲͻˣȻ˵ã˽һ£ɴۿۡ
ܸо˫֮仹ϵڡ
ʱѾ֤Ҳĩβ֮ʱԲֽȥ
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˶ûг棬ԷȻǰǵģҲһף˫Ҳվһ·ˣö̸ཻ
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֤˴ȸȻҲᷢɱ䣬ٶǰΪ令
ɱ֮زԶ
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תȸĮûʲôùϲġ
ȸΪ̬ȣЦƾ֤ҷԣȷõ̡Ҳ˼ֵ
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ʱἰ£һתͥûг˽ᡣ
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ÿɷת˻⣺֮ںʱ
ٹ󡣡ȸĵ
ûзӦһâƿȥ
ȸһ̾һҲȥ

Ҳһ졣
У׽ص
һ֮䣬ص˵۹
ΰϢһ󲨶·ӿĴ󺣣Ҫˡ
̶Ϣ֮䣬ǳƽϢȥƺʲôûзһ
ֻ˫оâʮ嶦ҵ
ɣͻָһ󲽡
ֻһ֮ʼ˸ĹâһɲȵϢʱп궯ǼͻƵס
ɨۺ󹬣ΡŻָƽ
ʱż
Ƭ̣ϵּһ֮ڡġ
ǡ

Уһǿ߳
ԥһƫƧطǧѺŻ֣һӰ˳
ǰߣյּ⣬ֳܿɣϡȥ󲿷ǿȫȥ
̵ʧأֶסսڼڼٷս
ʹɢȥҲ޴󰭡
ͬʱιУؽ̵𽥵룬ǿơ
಻Ƕͥĳޡ
˴ʱڶӻۣܶ鶼Ѿܡ
һδٵǣ˫˵ǲݣûκεĻء
ؽ̾죬ټеǰΪͥһս
һֱա
õĽؽ̵ӶѾ룬ιŴ򿪣ͨʽнؽ̵ǰ
˵ʲô򵥵ļ䣬ؽ̵һͬݷȥ
ƺƺƵ޿ƥС
ʤޡհޣµڼƵһǧ֮УٱǿƶŴǧ硢ݸȥ
ĺŷ֮ơ
֮ȻǾݵ
ϿգǿСĽѾʵʰŨֻԶԶšܸܵҡ
һɳѹ
ԭںĸƵǿڣ߳˸Եĵݸȥ
ԭǱ룬û˲Ŀһս
һսǿȻеһս
һսҲעᳬԽŽûǿҪ
˷֮ʱ
¾ա
ӵּͥͥǿߣͬʱΪһע춯صĴսԼһ۷֮ʱĻ
ϱ߾硢Ǽ塢߹
ΧꡢΪͳͥ谭ʣģӭΪпı
ɱ
򵥵һ֣ȴζĴ
ûжĻȰûУԾԵʵɱġ
ΪͬɽһλλǿߣʱܶҲֻھ֮⣬ûзκε
屻
Ϊټӭ֮ʱ彫ΣҲǿΪֲʱ򣬸ûκһǿ߸ҵǡ
ˣĲ֪жٸ塣
Ҳͱˣûʲô󰭡
ı֧ߣѡ˳Ĭȫû¶ͷ˼ṳ̂޵˼



574 սǰӿ
ֻԶһ˫˫䡢ŭĿ⿴š
Ҳǲʱ壬ֻĬĬܡ
ڤһɭɭĴС
ӰϢɢһɲƽĲ俴ǰһɫˮ棬ˮһ
ɱľ
ߡһ壡һҲˣΣһߵŭ쳣ԡ
ж֮ʱû壬ƳĸȻһֱҰģʱزסˡһӰЦ
ЩһһֱôαֻǱ¶˳ѡ
ô񣬽ŸҲ٣ΪƸԼʤǸٹ󡢶еĽˣǺǡ
ٹһмƽϡ

һΪ۵ĵطȴһѷ졢Ż
Ż֮һޱ޼ټ硣
ÿһռ䣬ƺ̺һɼΪԵиʴԵϢ⡣
˫Ѿһγһر
ڤڤеգһźӰޡ·һ
岻ôˣʡ˵۽֮ˣ嶯֡Ҳ֮С
ǲ֪塢˭ʤ˭ˣǼȤ͸һӲĮԼ䡢ƺЩ֮⡣
㣬ǰħɴǼгˣô֣ħʧҲ΢΢·һں֮еӰ
ħͳô꣬ޱҪʧˡӰ
˵ǡǺӦ
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ǡ
Ӱһ£ںһ˫Ϊµ۾֡
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ˣ
ϾҪǵȺܾˡ
š塢塭ǡ

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ڶͥͥǿ߹֣ͬı޷֮ĸ
ĳ׸𣬵̵ĲЩռĵ
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̺Ĵ֮ٵĻۡͨ޴غ񶼷һЩ仯
ԭ˶ģϾݣнӽʮ֮֮һʮ֮һ
Ϊݸķָ̫ãǿΪ֮أǿΪĵطΧסݡ
ʩչ˴ֶδͨҲ˷̫Ĵ֮
ʱһͳҪʱлָ
Ҫþ֮޵ôƶ񤡣
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ͬʱģǵ֮˲٣һԼһҵ֮
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峤ҵʵڲ֪ԭʹڱչ֮Уκ˴ţҵȻš
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˵ţ˶Ѿȥ
ͷŭϵϢ̲ס˳ʧǧ顢кã
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λµʡλһκʧ⼸λչ˵ģǱɣ
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ŭƽϢüͷ壬ʼϸ˼е
ܣ׼ʥеȲεʵҪϢĳȥǲܵġ
Ҳ˵бض
˭
к⣿
ԪȻǴӣҲңѰ˸ƭԽӽȡ
һճӴܶˡ
׻˭
üͷĸһ˼ӿͷ
Ϊλϵϣ
Ԫԡ
ѲҪҷ壿

ͬʱ
ݵǰ̾ӪУһİСȴǾϢӰڴԴȡ
ϣ͸Ŵӡǡ
࣬˶Ľɫӡ
ͬˮһ㣬ɢɽصϢȥΪˡ
Աߣһ㡣
ȻԵʹ꣬ƺʲôɢǿϢһţˡЩɻ塢ʲôʱܼ°
΢΢һЦº͵һսܼˡ

ӪС
һλɫ۷Ӣ
Խˣº͵·峤֮ǰһ֮
ĿⰵдԳ֮ˡ
пһ
ʱ

¶ʮա
ʤ޿޵ıԵ֮ء
ֶһҡëȣʵϡأĿ⾲Ķʤ޴ء
һᣬ֣Ϣƽһж׼ˣԤС̵Ҳ뿪ˡ
ǾͿʼɡĬϢĿ΢΢һУƽȴ쳣ᶨ
á֣ӦҲһԶӰʧ
հһ󣬼ͬͳ´



575 ʼ
¶ʮա
ĵ̾ͥǿߣ½صǰߴӪ
ϵǿߺʹǰ̾ӪԽԽԽԽ࣬ǿԽֲӰر仯
ԶԶȥƬΪ̾ӪĴڣռƶЩŤѹֳصһǿһա
Զ룬ҿԲ
һߣ᪴ӪС
̵ӵȺǵʿҲˣȡ֮ġǳޡ
̾ӪͬԽԽǿʵƾˡ
˫ⰴסϸľ涨ˡ
սѾˡ
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ԽԽĴڣҲоѹˣһˡ
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ڵȴԼʱһȥ˺Է
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еĲҪá
ͬʱӵ˼ĽˣҲչ˾սǰһεش顣
᪴Ӫʡ
ͬٶӰۣÿһλҲ׼ʥеȲεʵо󲿷ǽؽ̵ӣˡ
̵ʮˣ˽״ûǰ
ʣµģڶ޵˵ˡ
ȻǰĴս֮У̵ʧأǿʵ
λϵģǽ
ܵΣһִ˴εľսˡ
򵥵Ŀ˼󣬽ɫ£ȫͳ˧Ϣ֣ء͸һɱ䡣
һ̣вͬʦֵܵꡣ
еֻһ־ηһʵ
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ٹ˼ô࣬ȴġԻǰ˵
ˣ֪սҪˣ˭ҲѹЩ
һ´õģ᪴ӪϰڵˣƽֵĶ
ѹֵճӣգۡ˵һǧһʮһһա
ƣһкǰЩʱûʲôͬ
ɾĳһ̡
ͻȻ䣬䣡
λ᪴Ӫ֮Уɾ춯صϢ޵У̼ƺɨġ
ǺΣǿ󵽼Ϣ档
ǵˣ
һ̣Ϊģ˷һλλڣ˫ۣͬһ㣬˹ȥ
壡
ʼˣ
һɹɸӵ𣬿վȴ·ĵΰӰûһλڵܹƽ
λҫꡢѹһλλǿֻܵͷĴڣҲս
ϲҲĪ
ϲǾ󲿷ˣ˵λ°ܽ
Դ˵Ȼеϲּ
ĪǸӣǿ嶼ôһ죬ֻǡ
ʧ䡢ܵȵȽС
У˵ȴĻӦˡ
䣡
̾Ӫ֮⣬һһλλӰ߳
ˡũԯ껡
۰桢һ١
תۼ䣬ɺƣûпΪȴҲƷâһɽ㣬ӿĶһ



576 ս
ļžֻʣڱ˴˶ţһжٴڡ
۰γɵɺεƣ̫ǿ
ǿﶼԵС
ĿŸָȥ塣
ܶкθоʱȴͬģоһ𺳡
Ϊ屾𺳡
Կ岻ʲôĶڹ
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ӲƾŲɫ죬ߵһӹĵز
ߵΪУΪǵһУҲĵˣвǵˡ
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Ͼ̫漣൱췽ҹ̷붼
漣ƽҲͰˣʱ£ʹԼᶨޱȵڶǿڡ
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ͬΪ漣ĵ˵ۣȴӦȱϯŶԡ
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ü²ţȻֲ²ЩףϾλ˵۵ĳɳʱ䡢̫ˡ
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λѣ˷ˡ
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ţҲͥе죬Ϊ֮Ҳ˵ֻۡƹܷ
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תۼ䣬ۿûܷǵĴڡ
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գۡϯⷽأҲеĿⶼתǡ
ء
ˣˣˣ
ӵͳ߰ѪĺŽս̾ӪпʼҪʮء
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ɱ
ûκζĻһӣȳ
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֮ͨɣ俴ǰӰ
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577 
ɱУ⼸սԵģҪ
漰׼ʥڰ˲εǿߡ
λ׼ʥڰ˲Σλսﵽӽڰ˲Σһλս׼ʥ߲Ρ
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ɱ
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579 ˺
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ʱɫǳҫġ
ʱһֱ·˱仯
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582 ֶƵԪ
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586 һսĿʼ
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587 û˿в
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ԣƽս˵ͳ壬ҵȴҲ



588 ɻ
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ĿĮĿŵһĨɫͼɵȴûٶ
ΪʱŮ洵Ҳû׷·ȫעĽ䱸š



589 ܡ־ս
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ЯޱȿֲԻصߴȥ
ǽҲǸӦˣӿٶֿһֹӿȥ



590 ͥ
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١Ҳڿʼ¶ֲһ档
ӿֵٶԽԽ죬Ȼ塢ǿǿߣ˴˽ּ䣬ǿɢ˴Ľ
աƺҪһеĽ˶û̫ġ
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һ߶Ԫʼ֣һߵĮϵİԵ۹ȥŭ⣬ȻΣ
üͷҧǸ̬

֪·ǿѹ·ŭ
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Ϊ˻ߣܹ𣿡
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첻׼ˣ
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591 ͳ飿ͬ
΢Ц⣬ֱһȭ˹ȥЦ
Եδٴײúϵͥһ
ҲһײϣϢ类ʯĽӣŵ·δйŨ
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תۣ˱սһţЭԪʼʽת
ԭȫ·˺ܶ࣬й󡢾Ͳڵʲôˡ
Ͼ֣ӳ˽ٶȵ˼
˵ĴսУС
ôһ岻ֹͥƶδûս˼ϾǾԲͥܵʲôƻġ
ռϷ絽ƽ֣ԼǵĶ֡
ԴˣǸ⣬Ů洡ǿҲûб¶ʲô
Ϊ˾ٵЩ嶯ϵȻǲչ¶Թ
ͬˣ漧֮ٲ죬쾵콣ɫƽҲС
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ײԽӿֲ֪⻹⣬ޱߵճ˾󲿷ֵײ⡣
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ôǿߵĽ֣Ȼ󲿷Ѿ˴ģʣµҲ붼ճе
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ͥеȫͥڣĸΪ׵ͥȫάŴ󣬵Щ貵Ĺâҫء
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ܲһЦ
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592 ƾ֮
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ڶĿУʮأֱӷ飬ͥһ켸ȫ顣
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䣡
ͬʱܵĴ̼ˣеһкƶڷ
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ϸһ룬ȷǴھƵ÷
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ްĻĿ˸˽ȥȰˡ



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ϷǴӴʹʵ޷ǿΪλǻԵ𣿡УЩȵ
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603 Թ塢ҵ
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605 һȭ
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˫΢֮δйŨ

Ԫʼ漴ֿٵԣ㻹ûгɾ
Уǹ˿βס
еЩһ޶棬ڶǿߣĿ𺳡ǵӰ
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˵Ĺֻǿﵽ˻ߣߺһҲκλһȭ˵ġ
׼ᡢ



606 ԭļƻ
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Ҳ룬Ҫһ졣



607 ٿغĵļƻ
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Ϊǵʵǣƫƫλ˻ʵĳ֣ȱٵһʵ״ǵļƻ
ǵļƻһٱ䣬Ϊ˽档



608 ЩĴڣ
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ɳĬֻ˫в֪Ѿء
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Ҫעһ޴󰭣ҵȿһ֮Ǳ߻ҪϵȻ
ԪʼͨĿʱ˿˿𣬵ǵͷ
˵˼䣬鹬˰
磬ɣ˿ûֹͣ˼ЩԭٶһҲ



609 ָͥ
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̫ǡǳ졢ĺ֮ءظڤȵȣһЩطӭ˿ˡ

֮飬ʱȥᣬȫȫŵռ졢ϡ
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̾˿Ҳ֪Ǹø˻ǵǣԽԽǿǿЩš
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ԻȥȥѯһĻ
һ˼ʱɫ²ֻ˵һ֣ȡ
Ŀһ˼
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ҵȶףͥͳϣֻҪڱУºλ涼ĿԶػˡ
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žߣȥָ֮֮ͥдҳҲӦЩ˼ֱǾϲ⡣һǰŭȵ



610 סѡ
ڳ˲Ǻ뷨ͷ
ȥָ֮֮ͥ˼ǳȥڼµͳΣָǰ㹫µͳΡ
˵ǺǻЩ˶ԣ˻ǵǵĵλ䡣
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ѾϳưԺ֮·ҪһλΨҶͳһǴյǯƵ˻ʡ
ΣҵҲ˲һ֡ɫն˵
ȻҪɱºλҵȵ̬ȡΪҲλ࿼һ
ҽ飬𡢲κ飬ǿѹЩˣǿҴ̵
ǵһףѾʱˡΤȻ͸˿İ
ڳһ׷׵ͷʾͬ
ǲܶЩ˶֣Ǿȷ棬ѹǡ
ǻܶ˵ʲô
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δ̺ͥͳϣؼĵĵطǱԼ档
ǵĽܾһС
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˵꣬΢΢Ŀ⣬ʾٶԡ
һĬһЩ˵ԥŨˡ
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ңͥͳΣһΪͬҲġ
˽ȨվúܶһԣϻڵЩ̾Ϣ
ͬЩ̾Ϣġ
ƿһУӵ˽Ȩ϶д
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˵˽ȨһΪȫΪ壬ǲŵĵ⡣
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ںܶྭͥʱڵ֮ͥ˵һǷǳϰߵġ
ͿԿ˫ϲѶȣ⡣
ոտڵ϶̾Ϣ⡣
ϲһθĸĸǱضҪѪġ
Щд󹦵Ĵڡ
ǵɫ˿䣬һЩʱ̹עˣЩʲô



611 ʵΪ
ҪȥŽһıز٣õİ취ָֻ֧ͥϢгϿڵ
תۣʼͶѡ
һλ޳̣ͥλ޳ɻָͥͳΡ
˵ѡҲӰ쵽ˡ
ԥʱҲһһʼѡ
ָͬͥͳΡȻ
ָͥͳΡҢЩ̾Ϣ
̡ͬͥ潪۰֮УóȫͳϵҪԡ
ָͬͥͳΡһԣ濪ڵ
ҲƽʱйϵõģʱҲ˲ͬѡ
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ѡ̵ͥģϡ潪ͦϡ껡ˣ档
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ѡĲಢ̫󣬵Իָͥͳռơ
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ǾӦƴȫȥһǾȻеģҪһֻȭͷһǻ۹ϵĴԣǶһ
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Щźķ׷׵ͷˣٶ˵̽һգռ飬һֱͨ纣ĵ·֡
Ųһ߽ȥ
ϸ棬Ӱʧֻ°Щź

ޱ޼ʵĻ纣Уϵһطһռ֣ͨ˴߳
ŵâֱ纣ȥ
纣˭Ҳ֪ж
֮Ȼǿ棬Ҳ顣
ضĵط˭Ҳ֪жصǿߣжǿ塣
Ե˵һսΪ˲˷ֻ֣ܾ纣ȥ
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615 
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616 
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̫̲סŭȣ£Ϊ²ƣ
һΪ顢ΪȫľȻϢ𣬳Ӱӿռѷ߳һɫ۷ƲɫȴЩѿ
û뵽Ѿͷ廹˱ˣ
һ䣬ȴҲûа취ֻչֳΪҵһ棬ȡһЩȨ
ͬʱҲûб˷ɢȥ
һӣʱ顣
Ƕʤϴ֮ˡͳ̵ģǲ
ѺαأҴ̡кβãԸһ䣿Ҳ⣬첻˵
ȻĿ࣬ȥ׺սʿ
Ǳ棬Ϳ֪ıԡԡ

Ž̹ǱˣŭʵԶ壬Ҳ衣
˺аԵ̫ͲȺַ
ɫ͵Цҵȸʱ䣬㲻룬ڻ˵Щвҵȣ
û˶ɱ¶
ȻĻŭˡ
ǷǶԴȺжۣҪ룬ȴãʲô˼Ϊ˭ʾͥǲܵġ
Ҳֻúĸɵȫ룬Ҳʱ䡣
ߣƽǵȵȥҵΪû
һУ㲻֪ˡȡ
ˣֺα˵ҵȳȫ㡣һЩͣɱŨ
Уͬʱ߳һӰһսӿһϢƽ嫣뽪ΰѳΧ
桢ʥٴУǷ˫΢Уӿ֣λҪأ
ҡͷ֣صλ
˵ţԶҲһӰڷͻΧ
ȥҧ򡡫
ҵҲ֣˼һ΢̾Ϣһ
ߡߣ£³
ûг֮ģˣҵȾһ̡Ŀɫٶ˵κλֱһȭ
Ѫҵȭͷ·Ž֮ա
ɫһ䣬û뵽̶֡
ָһ㣬ӭһȭ
üͷ΢壬Щ̾㹫ƽһսȴʱ򡣡
䣬ûԥһ
սҲֵʱ
ȻʱҪģǿ³
ս֮ս漰ʱҲûԶ١ƽ֮˵
һߣʥ̾һ£ʵҲ֣Ҳûѡ
һȭӸϣ
ûгֻ֣Ҫ澳Խˣ;ԳŲ˶á
ֻǷͻ˵İΧ
䣡
ҵĺը죬춯أһλ澳Ƭؼɱ
ǿನɨ˷𼫴ĶҲԽԽ顣
Ȼʹˣ󲿷ҲҶԣԶȥ
һ֣УŸԶԶۿ
̶֮䣬ۿɼͱ֡ѹ·֮С
´ʱӳ澳۷ΪҲˣ·硣
۹̫˺аԵһ죬ʳ
ŭĺӳ³
ýüɫŨָ˼֣óֻܱ
ûа𣬡ɱ£ưԺ·ϵϰҰģΪ˭𣿡
ûпڣĿȻ˭ó
ǵٳֻ֣Ҫɱ˳ᱻڽϰ



626 λ̫ӡ۾
Σ
ֻҪǵɹ㣬ھѾԺĵʵĿģûнĸƵһ̶ȡ
ìصĺĸôΪһ˷ֶԿ̣
ڣ㹻㡣
ǸĳĻ˻ԵС
һԲûκ飬һҪѳӡ
Ƭ̣ԽֳĬİĿһתǵռѷ졣
ռѷ󣬾ǳյǸ硣
һӣĵӰӺɢ׼ʥ߲εƣռѷ졣
תۣǿռѺ۾ͿʼʲôײӰ
Ϣ󣬸ո߽ȥĵӰ֮һϢЩȵ߳ٵԪ˧ͥԱ
ûԥгʡͳɳƵأɱ
ǡʮӰҲ׼ʥĲΣٳռѷ졣
ڴǱ죬һ˳ɱڡռѷ졣
ѹƵĳɫһ䣬ҧгݡǺ⣺塢ͥ
ûᣬ˸Ӳᡣ
ڶǿߡڴ˸磬չһûɱ
еĳͥ٣붫ʤʱûдͥˡ
ȴҲһңԭе
Ƿǳ࣬ǿҲ٣׼ʥǿ߾һٶλ
ﶼӣǳͥĵ̣ѹãҲá
԰Ĵʵ滹ǲ̫Զֻܱɱ
ڼƵ˫ɱţѪ𣬳ƻԭеƽ
Ĵûж֣һԿţָȫ
ĮȻĿɨӣŹսϵκһ䣬̾ռžԵϷ磬ɱԷ
սһ䣬֧úܽԷɱ
һ֧ս֧ս
ȥһ糣ֻ֧սϷƮЩ
ִ⣬ÿ֧սҲһ֧Եľ죬֮ա
֧սľ죬ȴǡꯡ顯㡯֡
ôա
ǿߵĻܷ֧Χǿ䣬СҲǿߴڡ
Щǿ߶ûгֻ֣ǰĴţһӡ
֧ȥǶʮꡣ
ʻ°ԵĮɽ顢ƽˮ
ս֮ϣǵĴԼǵı֣Ƕۡ
УҲ⣬ŲæӦŶ֡
ΪࡢʿˣдﵽƷ鱦εķ컭꪿裬绢Ʊˡ
ʮУǿնɱ˶ֺɫ˷ܡսĴű֧սս롣
Ŀ⶯¡
°֮һ˿Σ˺Ҳȣûᡣ
ûã֧Щս˳߲ͥע⡣
ǣʱˮ֮˿һݡ
һλǱֵλͬǿΧĳͥ׼ʥ߲ǿߣɫЩɹʵķϲɫȵ˻ʵλ̫ӣץסǣͥ
սϵ˼ˡ
֪̾ĸ£ûб仯ɱ
֮ͥˣӿһ񣬷׷Ҫ˦֣֧սλ
ɱ
ץסǣ
ɱͥͥҵȾɱ̫ӡ

ĺɱէ𣬳ͥ˺ƶӿһϣױ
ϧ
ɫ䣬ûκ
λҲǣûκλңս˻Цɱ£ǾͶԣ
̾ҲûжӦ
ԭܼ򵥣ֻǺɱУȴûһλͥǿߣܳԭɣͷ׷ױɱ
Եʵǰͥˡ
ʹλ̫һأ
෴ǵľٶӿ
硣
֮ͥڱɱΪ˵ĳȻܸӦ
ǹŭ𡢺ƴδйŨɫ䵽˼㡣
˫һɱò֮ۼ֮ͥϾҪҲ̲ס۶һŭȣΪ¾׸ˣ
УһǿһƴӳͻǿǿбЩܵķȦһѷ졣
ͬʱط֣֮顢鲼ġ
޽ɼϵʿӦˣ׷ʤ޵ķ
˳ɵۣ
˭
Ͼ˼ԼֳĶ桢ǿдһѷ죬ӰռѺ۶ȥ
һֱŵĲȴǳϣӲסϢ
ǧҫŽɫâִ޵УһŴͬŲֵĳΧס
һ̣ɫһ䡢ֻǶ̶Ϣʱ䣬ͱǿдŴ
˼ϲ򡡢ȴѾٴνΧסˡ
ȻʵΪص˵ȴ񲢲ྪȳ¶ʵ
ûᣬŲ򡣬̶ʱò׻һᣬȴû뵽С˲򡣬Ӷƻ
Ϊ֮ȴЮּλδ̫ˡ򡵭ռѷĿģһ۾Ϳ˳
ϾǸдλ̫Ӷ˵£ġ
ߣҲϣݣζԹµģ
ۣǸ˰أ
գ¾䵱ҲȺù
壬òΪҵҲֻܵƽûа㲻˼ȴڣޱȼᶨΪһЩҡ
ߣҲûٶ˵ܿܡʵΪˡ
ԶΣ
ûʲô
ʵپܡ
˵Ҳֻƽ׶ѡ
ʹ˶꣬ﵽ۾Ҳ޼¡ڵƶޱȡ
˫ͫһɨ˷˭𣿡
ҵȻس裬ҵȿٸһλ᳼ȰԵһӰԶճ֡
ͬʱһߵУҲһӰ֡
˴ǼɵŶˣ䳰µû뵽ͥΪ˹£Ȼôˣǹ߿µġ
ʵɼҵȹͬǡôɫƽɳ͸Ű
ߣµЩ棬֪°дﵽ˵۾Щɻ
ԷݵԲֻΪ˶Ըһ澳ġ
ڵǲ¶ʵŵģЩܡ
ʱ̫̣۾ٶٿ죬Ҳô̵ʱ䣬ʹ
۾֮£ʵֻһ˶֪
֪ͥģ
Ͳ֪ˣĲٿһȵûлشɻ
ʵҲ֪ΪǵԶԸ۵ݣԸ



627 Ψ
롣ԥЩɲ
㻹ʱ䣬𣿡ֵŲ
ɫһ䣬ŵȴû
ڶʤ޽ͥô꣬еԭʱҲôѲ¡
Ȼ㻹һЩϣҲݹҵ²ˡĿ΢䣬һ䣬ûκγɣгն
һԣһֱûп˵ĵ˴ͬʱ֡
˽ӳ֡
ɽȻѹ˳
ɫص˼㣬һСģ¾Ҫ
ΨеһҲڸոձ
һֻܳȥȴˡ
ҧ㳲
䣡
϶ڤ
תۼ䣬ߵѣȫ顣
һΰȻϢס˶ʤޣϵ˿֮¡
ʤ޲öþͻᱻȫͿ̿ﶼֻת֮¡
Ϣʱ䣬ۿɼģ֮ղŸƣѹƣƹâһһѹ
ôƴȫҲ޼¡
һͻƴ֮ãֻϳ֮
еλ˴ٺʵһ֮ҪǿһЩ
Ľ֣ҲҪǿ
ﻹǴ̵ĵ̣Գѹ֮
һжӶӲˡ
ѹǿնɱֻʱѡ
У֮ͥھԵǰҲ֧Ųס
ǿ߱նɱ룬սֳױ
һֱǿз²һԶͶ²һɢȥ
𲻻Ųռ硣
˳һ㣬˷ӿȥ֮ϯһС
̫Ӿ׼űдǿߣͥǶȥ
Ԫ˧ĩԸ⹥ռط۲ս߰һɴսϢ
Ӿɫ޲ƽ˵
۲Ʋ죬ȴҲҷ
ٶΥ𲻻ɱԻþ
ȻȥˣĿһЩ⣬³ֻҡ
ǡӦ£߰ȥ
һȥͥǣĻʹɱķݣ
ûٶ໰ǧƺƵȥ
磬ǱѹƵӶӲ˵ĳе
ɫࡢ߲ѡ
Ļۡչһɥ
Ϣųͥе˱ɱطռ죬ܵӰ졣
Ͼ漰ĵ
ҡʵ
һ˷֣ʤ׷׷ʹ
˫ƣԽԡ
Ϣ󣬺ȻУһɫâ֪ʱֱ֣ӶգսŶ
˱㶼ܵˣɫ΢΢һ䡣
ɫâ̺ǹɿֲǶһ𾪵ĸо
漴ɫһϲȴһˡ
侪Ҳ˿ңǰɫâӰ첻һ
Ȼ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǰɫâ֮ʱ
һֻ·յĴֳˡ
˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱֵģ·Զһֱ
ֻƽһգվȫʧһеһк񶼾С
ǵɫâģǿзһա
˵࣬ʵһжֻڵʯ֮䡣
ɫâʧֻ·ҪһеơҲʧ
˼
ϲɫʧ룬һĨš
ԼԼƿеĽš
˻ʡ
Ҳˣ
˻ʣ㹻ˣαҪϾɱһ̣ӶһƽˣһԶǡ
֮һʥԪʼ
Ƭغ񰲾ࡣ
Ǳ˽սԽԽˣǰɫâֳʱͱס˺
ʱǻƽ
塭
̵£ʥҲҪ𣿡޳Ƿһ졢Įˮں
ʱƬغȫžλԪǿֵ߽սԵޱȵǿѹȥ
һȫΪõ
ңֻƶн飬Ҳܵͥͷͥ飬˻ֺαطҪɱԪʼ
⻰Χ۵Ҳ档
ǰĶʤռ죬нͥȻꡣ
Ĺϵû£ںܶҲܡ
Ԫʼ֣ǿΪ
ѾᣬʶôðҴ̣ռҴ̵ؽ磬ΨɵİԵ棬ѹһС
ǵ۾˻ˡȴδ̫ԵЩǰҲÿԪʼȻ˵ֻУҲЩ֮⡣
Ԫʼʥѹ£ϧһԾ¡˿䡣
ŭδǰ¶۾ʵҲδ
ղ˵𡢽˵衣
仰еŭ
ʱ岻ϻҲƿϣڶԻС
˻ʾΣԪʼжһĨŭ⡣
ʥΪأĮ˿
ЩΧ۵ˣ󲿷ȴǲЩż
ٸչ˭û뵽ôַײ
Ŷã
һٶѣУֻǸոգһ۲ࡣ
ĬϢԪʼеء˭ռͥؽ磬˻˵Ҳƶ鹬𣿡



628 ˻VS֮һ
δ䣬ЩΧ۵һ
񡢵ȷˡ
ֻǸڶʤޣͥɱ⡣
Ƕ鹬أ
ûзڣ붫ʤġ
Ψһһ˹ڶʤ޵
˻˰ԵǿƵ̬ȣ᲻ᡭ
ֻһ룬Ǿ͸о˫ìܸˡ
ٵΪ
ȻܸȣԹҲڶʤޡ
Ҳ˻Ҳ巢ͻɣ
뵽
Ļǵ뷨ʥ˼Ȼ׿ˣӦҲͲù˵ˡ
򵥵Ļڶȴ˲һƬκˡ
˻ҪѶʤޣ
սϢʱ
ԭһЩΪ岻ôٴνֵˣϾ뷨
˻һԣ;ԲǼ١
¶ԣʣǳΪ
ͬˣǾͲˡ
ȻԪʼеŭٲѹƣ˻ʺôƶֻδҲ̫Сƶˣ
ʤҴ̵ģһˡռݷֺΣʥ˽ߡǲ
Թڶʤޣ˻̫ƶ˾ݡԪʼʾ
Σ²ᣬڶʤǹµģʥس룬աֻ϶أԶ֡жһĨȻޱȵļ
Ҳ˿أǹɴսϢԽŨҲŸĴǰȵϲ
ϲԶԶڵǡ
ãƶ˻ʴݡԪʼҲٶ໰ŭСһڴӦ
£ֵճƶҪߡ
κв
˻վȥˣˣƶ㡣ԪʼŭҲԽǿơ
ʥ׼ˣʱȥû˿ɣ΢ֵ̫塢λʥ˼ȶѵҴ̵ؽ磬
밵ǿг֣
˻ǿƣƶ˷˻ͨͨŷâϢ嵴ʣԪʼӵǿơ
ûоˣҲˣʥսҵǷ㡣ϣԯ
ЩƬأʤ޵ؼ䣬Խѹֳء
Χ۵ĴԽԽ࣬ûһģС󲿷ֶֻʣڴĿ⡣
˫岢ѹ
˫ҪȻ⿴
޲ǿܾˡơ
ԽĽţھֵԽԽ忴ƲҲǸŹ̬
£ΪҲã˫¶ݡ
뿴档
ΪΪ˫ֵ£ܱס
ǿ̫ˣ
ԯ£һʱ䣬Щİճ֡
׼׼չһ춯صĴս
ƺֶЩĹ˼֮⡣
ֻе˵սδͣ¡
ѾϢ˥˭ܿóֲ˶ˡ
ʱҲҧ֣ûпԮ
Ҳûá
㶼ˣǿ̫࣬ȫס壬øĻԪǿ߶֣ø졣
ΪʲôΪڴսбԸ⿴Ⱦԭ
ʥ˻ȥɣղΣʹλʥ˳֣Ҳסǡ
֮¡ҵձص̽֡Ȼ˳ȵ
⻰ЩۿĲü
˵ĻᲢá
˵סǸգͥǿƣ档
˵֮˵˰벽ղ뿪սᡣ
Ტ֮£ԭ˫صľ棬ֶɲٿصĵط
˵ˣսľ棬˲٣ֲսˡ
ֿܡȫҪġ
ȴǲ뿴ķչˡ
ƺҲ㶯֣Ҳѱסָԭ򣬺ͷǷصĻ
һֱûпڵƽ˻ʣٸչٴνֶ֮֡ԸҲӰ顣
ѺͶǨ֮£ƶ˱زãһ֮ɣ
ٴе
ȻǳǸϼһô׾ٴδս
ڴ˴룬Ǿţпܵġ
Ϣٴγ£Ҫˡ
̫ʥΣһš
ӳĬϢȻ֮£˫ˣֿҲ⡣
ȫ潻֣Σ顣
ɡƶ˶˻֮Ѿã˻ƶ֮һ۵һ
ʤ߾˶¡
ĻʱһĿ¶һĨĨĹʡ
˻֮һ֣
Ϊ˫ûȫ潻սʧѵڶڣѹʧڴ֮⡣
ۼڶǿУɲء
ǣܶ඼ǡ
ٹھ󲿷ǿУΪɲ⡢صˣ˻ʵ
ٶ֮졢չ¶ʵ֮ǿһһ𾪲ѡ
εĳ֣ݵʱ䣬ھǿУ̫أҲ̫ɲ⣬Ϊ֮
ڳڶǿУûһλ̽便ġ
ֻǲҡܶѡ
ʱ˻ʵ֮һ֣̽ϸʱ
תһ룬Ҳ˼
ºһû̽ϸ
һȭһĻ²ֹԺӡ̣Уӵǡ
˻ʾûгɾ
ʹһȭ
Ƿǿ
һٶӦʱ̶š



629 VSԪʼ
ˣ֮Ҳϡ
Ͼܹ̽Ļᣬʵ̫̫١
ûһ춯ءԸıľƵĴսǸûƵ֣Ӷ̽
һξĪĺûᡣ
˷ڶţڴ֮ԽŨ
ֹЩˣǺ֮ܶˣеڴ
Уڳͥеĵˣͬڴ֮쳣ŨĿſռŻ⡣
һ˵ꯣ˴ʶʼ֪ԼҸʺǿԽԽǿ
գվ˺ǸΡ
ΰޱߵӰҲΪ̵ӡ
Ҳ֪Լףжǿ
ݺɻҪ̽Բκ˲
ûʲôĿģǵҪ֪Ҫ
ʱҲΨгһˣΪ¸еһֱݡ
ô۵ȴΪȥΪ̽ĳ롣
¿ȥʤܸߣԣҲһ衣
ƫƫȴûпڷԵȨ
Ŀڵȴ鲻Խ˳跽򣬵ȴλĻӦ
á
ƺ˺ܾãЩĵĻӦ˾
¾ʥдһ̺ԵޱȵƺһĨ֮߰⣬ǸոľޣΪ֮һ
岻ʲôϢԪʼ𣺡С˻롣
ƽУǹغͰս⣬ɡ
Ȼһս֡
ûʲôֻڳͶʤһУֱͨĿռͨ֡
ٴ΢΢üǵʵϵУ˵ս綼Ѿˡ
Ҳ⣬ֻȥУܸȷȥ̽˻ʵϸ
漴ΨӰչʾ˻ʵһռͨǰȥ
ʣµˣҲֻԪǿߣƾõִ꣬һͨĿռͨ
ʣµģֻЩʧԭء
Ҳʧһӡ
˺ͳ֮սڼҪ˶þͻ
ȴûм˵˼ϣԶƮ˻֮С

ϲԶĻУȻ䣬ռ顣
ӰԴǿֲĿռ߳ǾĲ˲Ϣ֮䣬˫Ŀ㽻֯һ
Ӱΰǻ纣Уޱ޼ʵĻ纣ʱġ
˻롣Ԫʼصһ˻ɫĴ֡
ûָϵȴԽӵΨҶΧޱ޼ʵĿ񱩻֮ʾ˳̬Զȥ
ԪʼҲ⣬˫âһָߵ̹ᦶʱһ
˲䣬·𻯳ᦣЯޱ߻֮Ļ罣
ޱߵĽ쳣ˣƺﲻơ
Ԫʼȴûʲô֮⣬Ŀŵ
ͬԶĿһ
Ŀ£Իصһ򵥵ˣһ̧ȭ
ը죬ƥ纣ǣǿױȡ
䣡
ǺĻ罣ֱӱһգ̹ᦵɶˡ
Ԫʼڣһ˫˫۾оâţûдκ˿Ļ档
һȭ
뵱һȭһǿ𾪡
ûκηǵ
ҡȻûзκļ
ֱǷ˼
ʥ˾ʹЩ𣿡ĿˣûǾ졢̽Ŀ⣬˵İ
ոʥ۷߶һֵһᡣ
ԪʼҲû⣬ѹе𾪡棬Ȼ˻ʹȻֻˡƶ׾˻ʸ֪˻ʾﵽ˺ֵزһȭǷ
ЩĿˣԪʼĻҲҪ֪ġ
ÿһȼԽԽ̶
˻Ԫ֮ǹ̶ˡ
۷ô࣬ƫƫյһȭ͸ոյһȭȴ֮Խ˻۷塣
һȭں֮УҲпǵʲôطǿ
ɸոһȭȴں֮Ļнеġ
ԪʼΪѡڻУΪ뿪˺ģ֮ʱԽԽԶõЧԽ¶ĺۼҲԽԡ
ڸոһȭСǻǺ޷ֻ֣ܿǵĵȷȷǵ֮ûκ˿ļ
οܣ
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630 ӡ֮
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631 һ
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633 ܵĺܲ
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Ƽ֮ͻƵйãûйͻƵʱԻӳ
ǻǻĸԸϵ
ǵԸ񡢼֡
Ŀ⽻£ûϵ֮¡
ĸԸ
ֵҲĿģΣԽۣǨߣʾһЩ
ԽǿۣԽ͵
ʱһЩֻ
Ԫʼ˵ͷӵ˼
ǿǿƵĵͥǿһҪԸĿֻ꣬Ƽɡ
һսȻЩͻȻԤϡ
Ҳú⣬ԽԳƣ˳ĸǿС
ǿðĵģȫȥԸͥ
ߣǨƺǾ̿ʼչоǴƼ֮ʱлᣬһһȥ˼ͨЩ͵Ŀ˵
ӡԪʼһЦͷҲЩȲˡ

һغĵ·ϡ
Ҳ̸ɫء
常ͥǿƣ˻ʵԿƺĵһҲǲǺͥϣ֮
Ϊ÷
ͥȷ̫ǿƣ˵նɱնɱˡ
ҵͥٴγ֣Ҫ塢¡Щص
ﵽһΣܶʵװס
ıס
ʵȫ֣ͥʤ˵
ȻͥƴͥҲǲƴԲԼ˵
ͥ̽˵ϸ
˳
˫ʧеãһ̶ϴ˹ƽס
ֻ⽻еļ£һλۣ
ڵǵʲô
ֻһ룬ƽ
ΪѾ˽
ģͥ᲻ỹ֣
һصģҵΪҪ֮ʱͥ²ˡ
ЩɻĿ
ձ̽ϸȫ֣ȻоƵԭ
δǵģϾ֮϶ܶǿߵĲɵ
չ¶ǿʵɳ㣬Щ˸ᶯ
ͷЩͥ᲻֡޹ء
ͣһ£ֵ룬ǵ̽飬ͥڲԶԶδﵽʽԺĵʱ
һ
ڶ֣ͥǾʹȾͼƻ˵ġ
ɼȻˣΪλѡȶԳ֣Ϊαǣ붫أ
ǼƻˣһȶԸߣֱȥжԡ
ٴεͷ֮⡣
ҲȷˣնɱӦþǵ֮£һϵеļƻʼ
˭Ⱦȥϡ
չֳȫûмΣ㿴ӡмƻģնɱǿߣ
ǿǵˣӦûƽһʱˡ
常˵ǣֶˡĵ
Ǻ£ܸеǣ֮
˵ЩҲһ׼ȷӦʱ̱־裬˭֪ͥ᲻ı⡣Ц
˶٣Ϊأҵʵ֮ǿͥѹȺۡҶС
Ҳǣָо̫ˡ
ǿʵǵ֮Էһš



635 ĵһ
ɫһ࣬常˼ǡ
ûлӦֻͬࡢ֣صصͷ
ɣĬĬͷʾ޳ɡ
󣬼ƻǰƽȴ쳣ᶨ

λڻеһط
ЩսΨһûзغĵĴڡ
ʱҲԻǾɲ컯߶˼㣬Ŵƻ߼֮
֮£Ҳڳϡ
ͥѡһˣֱжϡ
˾޴ĶӰ졣
䣬üѣΣһűȽϺõӡ
ͥϵֱжԣӻ
ҲͰˣ岻֣档
ʧȥʥ֮λֵΪûϵ
Ҳ϶ٻǰ̬ȡ
ʧˡҲܹܡ
ֻǵչ¶Ǵƻ߼޵ʵʵ̫
֮˻ҪΪϵҲﵽ
ܸܵеĲ˼顣
ۿȷȥ롣
ҲΪ̫ܵ󣬴Ӵսûн֮ʱͿʼ㡣
һʱû˼ȥͻһս飬ԼɵһϵкӰ졣
һƻ߼֮£һҪ
ΪﵽѾоֻҪôԺ档

ǰ̫ǵ·ϡ
ۿɫأ˼һĨ֮
ȥˡ
붯֣öܹ
ȵȵǿߣغĵĵ·ϣûһλܹƽԼ˼
ͻһսһӽһٶƽơ
ͥϢѹ
Ƕе˽ȣҪǿԼ

ͬغġǰ޵ĵˣҲǲƽ
¡㡭˿ڣдЩĹС
ȻȻ£һǿȴκβ˹£С˶ѡ
˷ģƻֻǸոտʼɲˡ
һɣũ£һлڼƻ֮Уչ¶֮ǿߣȥ֮ķˡ
֪
ɫ䣬նɱްȴվҪȴһʱգµʱоϡ
һͷҲûʴ£ողնɱܼ
˺ܶ׼ΣϧðŷգȾֱжԡ
ҲпܱʵĿġ
£֪˴ƻ߼֮£ǵӣƴȫȥԣ֮ܡδزܳɹԯЩ̲ס
֮£ǵļƻ֮С
Ψ㣬һǵʵӡиǿ
оǽƻ߼֮£˳ȥ
ƻ߼֮£ʵҲ²⵽ˣϾһսǺʵ
ֻǶûдﵽ۷֮ǵʱһֱûʹ
֪ˣȻ䴦ڵжԹϵȴҲòϡ
˵еڶܴƻ߼޵˭󲿷ǿ߶ѡ塣
¶һЦ⣬һж֮Сޱǿţ¾Ҫǳɹסһʱһʱ
Ҳסģֹ塣
ɫ˼ϸһ룬Ҳǿ
ıƻ߼֮סǿҲס
ǾעԷֳ̫˼ϡ
ǵļƻĪĺ¡
·ûƽ֮ǰҴ̲ٶͥСػȴǿԼӴȡֵָ
ũɫһ֣࣬صصͷ
һٶ˽Щԭ̵ˣͲһˡ
ս󣬴Ƹ£Щ˵ĺʱ
Ҳ˻ɡ

ָ˼УЩλںĶ⡢۷ڵǿߣص˺ġ
ҲһսеϢЯ˺ľʮء
ʱ·ӽ䡢ϯ֮䡣
Ī𺳡Ӱ죬ƺƵɢ
̵ʧȥʥ֮λٹһϢ¡
ɣǹڵġ
ƻ߼ޣʥˣһжʤһ֮ʥˡܣ
һλ޵е˻ʣ
˻޵У޵У
һֵѣҵӦÿһˡ
˻ʾȻ֮ǿʦ֣ҾǵĻᣬҶΪ壬ʱ̡ò
һ˻ʣ


Ӻľʮĺ˻
Ԫǿߡ
ͨߡѰա
һɡɡʮεƶ¡
֮Ĵﵽһһ۷塣
һսǵ۷һս
ĵһ
δйţԽԽ˿
Ҳϡ
ɱһٳ׼Ů洣ֻȽϡ
ͬʱͥļɵԽŨ
ޡǡ
֮֮ʱȻӵķڡ
Ұ¡ǹεǿ˺ܶࡣ
ԭͥˣҲһ֮ͥС
۰ǵӰУΪӰǿ࣬˲١
һеһУԵı֣ǳϵգдϵЧʣࡣ
̵֮ǿߣҲȻ˲١
̡ͥռһβɱ䣬ﵽ۷塣
һǰЩȵĵطԵ޹ʾѹ۵ˡúܶ˲ȵȣȫֲϡ
Ǻĵһĸֵá



636 嵣ǡӡ
Ǿʵá
纣һսԽһĨƽ
޵еʵ۰泼һǿҲġ
ȺģոۣжЩ塢ӳ
ЩҲֱӷӦ֮ϣ֮һЩ

𶯣ԽɵԽ֮ʱ
һط֪ЩϢλû˭óȥ
λ죬ȸ
ʤնɱ֮ʱûǰȥȥۿ
һǾ̫Զй˼ɡ
֮սǸûйս֪ЩϢ󣬺ܶ˼Ͷˡ
ϣͬʱ´Ǹ
漴;һͬϣء
һĿһ̬صϢ
˶Ϣȸһ̾ͥʼˣ
֪Ϣĵһͷ
ǶԳ֣ǶĿʼˡ
֪ǰЩԪǿߡпܹϢͥЩġǸû뵽ٶȶ֡
Щʲôɡϵȵȡ
ǶڣʵǣͥնɱһλڵжԹϵĴǿߡ
ǿԿ϶ͥڿʼԺ·;ϡܵĵˡ
һᵽȴȫûô졣
Ŷã
ͥȲˡ
Ƿݼ־ȫչ¶ǰǶе⡣
ͥѾʼԺˣ
üһͷûҲ֪˵ʲô
Щ͵ǡ
ͥʼ֡ʼ̤Ժĵĵ·
֣ͥǾǿʵͷ壬¿ˡҲԲ͸¶һ˿һ
Ϊʲô˳ȥԭ
ǲ֮µ̬̬ͥ
ǲ͸¶൱ڴӴ˷ɽ
ˣȻ˾Ǿûкڵأͥ˿ٵĶ֣ǵԤϡ
ĸ仹ûйʵ㡣
ֻҪǱ¶Ӧе̬ȣͥԸǡȸ
ԭǵ뷨Уĸ׷֮գ֮ͥǰ
һλǿĻڣֻͥҪ衢ӦþͲԸ塣
ڡ
Ψһʵ顢ûлķ壬ͥλĵһ˻ʣ
Ҳȷ
Ͼ½пܣʵ㣬ǵȻ
峤ˣ峤ȻԶһ
ȸüͷһ˿

һǧʮ¡
һսѾȥ£һƬ֮ƣΪʵ𺳡
Էصȴ󲿷ʱ䶼ڱչ֮С
˿ҲϾںĽ֮Сˡ
ﵽһΣͨƵͿԻָһƣǾ;Բ򵥡
ϵƾﵽ˺̶ֳȣ
˭Ҳ֪
Զûж롣
޽С
˶Ϊ˵ĵȴӡ
ûӡ
֪е𾪣Ҳֻһ֪
ӡͱȫƿأȴӡǵӡ
˵ӡûֻһˡ
ҲͰˣʱȥɣԽԽǿﵽһ̶ֳʱӡΪӡ
ҪģӡʵԽԽˡ
ӻҵʵӡڵӳʵѾ
ϾʵԶԶ˻ߡ
ڵûͻƵ߾ʱӡԵﵽĳ쳣ǿᡣ
ͻƵ˻߾½ˡ
ԽԽǿҲ½
ӡʵֻҡ
⻹ӡ֮ΪΪͳ塢ʷȨ˻ʡ
ӣŻһʮ塣
ƻȴҪΪԺǡ
һͻƵӡһδ½
ӡڱС
һ彻֣߶ӡ۷
ԭ֮һΪ˰ӡˡ巢֡
ӡҲĵ֮һ
ӡΪ൱
֮ǻ鱦ǻ
̫ԶҲ˵ҪӡΪ൱ڻ鱦Ĵڣ鱦¸Ҳȫ
鱦ĵǼ֮£ΨһȷĻ鱦Ǻе컯ǲ֪ںδĻ顣
̹ŸΪ̫ͼ̹ᦡУֻ
Ϳ֪鱦ѳ̶ȡ
ӡ֮˵ûм޵ġ
ֻҪ㹻ǿӡһ졢ܹɱΪ൱ڻ鱦Ĵڡ
ӡǸõĲϣԼų֮Լӵϡ
ЩΪӡɱ䣬ҲΪɱӡӡһӡĵӡ
綼ΪˣҲҪڸһЩķâ
ԣԳûչأûָΪڣӡ
νƣ
ʱһȷء
ﵽԲ׶κʵû֮Щ֮Щڷس·Ͼͺˡ
ӡҲǼ֮£ԵʵҪʱ䡣
ʷͬǺ䡣
ʱȥҲֻǸոһͷ
ʵ۵ʱࡣ
Ͼӡʵɵġ
ֻǵԸˡ
ǲǣŲε⡣



637 硢ȥ㺮
ʱţƷȻֻһ㡣
Ϊӡ֮ԶԲѡ
ѵֻҪʱ䣬ԼԽԽǿ󡢲ʹɱ䡣
ŶӡȵȲʶУӡҲű仯
ϵ£һֱһǧһ¡
ʽأִƳá
ʱۡЧʲ֪б֮һЩ
ĳأٴγ֡
ĳأҲһˡ
ļɵ֮ĸŨĿ˷ۣų跽
Щǿ߼ɵģɾǵλѾΪĵһ˻ˡ
ЩûлԪǿеʱʱ̹̿עų趯κε
һ˶¾
ʱȻﵽزһһ޲Ӱơ
̧䣬þʮ𶯡
ͥʵĵһȵԭ򣬻γ˫Ӱ
ƺĿ⣬ȴȺһϣЩĿ⡣
ռ޲һٶ꣬ҪȫޣԵɴӪԳȡ֧սϡ޼ĵز÷ǳԶ
Ҫʱȥһı䣬̫鶼Ҫȥ
˳ԼͥȻһҪͳε鷳֮ء
ϾǸпкܶԱȫնɱ
ͥƺȫڲϣһЩҲɷ࣬Ĵϵաʼƽ
ǰ㣬֮ĦСʼձſƣû
Ψд̲СԼһЩе飬ϷţĺУҲ㲻ʲôôۡ
ͥУ˲˵Ŀ⡣
ԭũͥ󣬼Ӵȡ£ԭ֮ˡ
졢ˣûзŹ
Ҫһͳ֮ͥƣֵĴ
ƣвԭ֮ˣѡͶũ
һΣֻЩ塢ʵµȵˣԭеǿ߶С
糤ɡ
ũ˴󶯾ΪȻ޶ԡ
Уޱۻûй˵볤ǿʼũ
ټͥУһʱӿӿ
ֵǮ׹ȥģӦþʱˡ
תۣٶȥ
ٶʱ俴Ʋ̣ʵںĶԣʲôܲһЩһĶʮʱ䡣
һǧʮʮ塣
ѽڡ
ʱڣڵĴͳŴ
ԣҲһѵõĺӡ
˻ʹ޽
仹˻ʵ񣬵ȴΪ
ѽڵϲ䡢̸ЦԽԽ
ū澲μ¡
ˣ濶ǿ
槼λ㡣
槼òؿ¡


ࡢӺݵĸУƷϵ޽
ЩͳϾݡռޡط£СǿߣɱģŮԽԽࡣ
ѽڣƽμһȳϣʸǰġֻƷϵӣ̫Ӻ͹
һ̶϶ԣ֮еĹأԽɭϣȼ
ƷﵽƷϵӣܹҲʮλ
ȥͩ嵡Щԭе֮⣬ֻ槼һˣЩﵽƷ
ĶŬŬߴǱŬ
ʱδʮλŮ̸ЦţտȥΪǢ
Ͼ槼֮⣬ǸһЩˣǡͬ硯
ģ϶ǺгĹϵ
ûжãˣ˸
檣Ůμ£ʣ
ū澰ݼ£
ʱһƬ
ȴΪصĻ´䣬ƽ̺ϵ𣺡񡣡
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л¡Ůһ
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ʱĵʱǶһ㣬ʱǰࡣ
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˵ҲѡǶ˵ͻ֪У߾£˲ɣںγ
ǻڣ㣬ԵҲֻ˳ˮ۶ѡ
槼Ҳǿվ빬˺ܴûá
˵ֻŮͩ󹬡
ЩЧ㲻зִ硣
ģҲԽ֮ܺˣԹۡ
翪ʼʱҲûʲôͬƽƽ
ҪǵڣôڣôֶΣʱҲǲȫſġ
ôҲͶϰˡ
ʵʵ˴֮䴫˵䡣
е̸ЦС̸۵ȵȣǺзִ硣
ϯһ룬濴Ĵ۾¶ǳǳЦ⣬ķһۣ˼ڵԼȥ㸸˵ȥ
ǣŬС죬ƶߣ۾գ˼¿ŵ
ü¶ЩЦ⣬Ǹ˼֣˵ɡ
̬дϤѾ˲ٴΡ
濲һЦһ˫СȻȻס˵䣬񾲵ǵʣ濶ȥ㺮ˡ



638 ôǿưԵ
ټ˻ʺУУ˶Եˣ޼
ʵ̫أͩǣٶ̬
Щģǵ濹
ÿһζͬˣȻҲΪҪ󡢶ʵ̫򵥡
򵥵ġõɫԽ͡
ͱڣȥ㺮Ҫ
ΨһĹȴﲻȥ
ǵʵ뷨Ϊ̹Ҫȥ̫ǵȵطһҪġ
£ɫ͵ȴûͬ⣬ĵΪΣ
ǲչ¶Щ磬ڳС͵˶Ϸ
ҲǴº͵Ц⡣
ҲУôҲ޼£ûбҪ
Ե˶ԣ̫վһеѹ٣ɻõҫͬ٣Զ̫ӡ
мȥһŮӱȽϣǲ˵
ԣŮվŮɡԼĵˡ
ЩĽҲء
ԼұΨһĹ
ǻмλ̫濾֮¡Ψһʸܵ谮û̫뷨ˡ
̫뷨ֻ˵Լޱ
һԣԼҸʵĶ֣濱ܵĸоһĨȤζУе϶ĵ濶ϵܺãϢ˵϶Ĺ𻨾ƺˣ濶ǰȥƷ
ҡպȥ㺮档
Ҫ϶ڱչأһĸǰȥġ
ĸȥˣ濶һȥ
òʡ
˵ţʶҡץĵ䣬СϴŮе
ɫû˿һԴѯʵȥ
ףʾ˵ûԴǱ˻ʹѾȥ˺üι㺮ϾѲࡣ
⣬ܹȥģҲֻй㺮һط
һΣ϶ǰȥ㺮棬Ҳ
Щ꣬濶ΨһѣҲλ϶ˡ
Դ⡣
ڵһǰȥҲûʲô
лڣûһ
ջĿ⣬һ¶Ц⣬ڣȴһжºͣȥɣҪ̫á
ǣ濶лʡ濶ʱĵЦ
·ҲΪ֮ˣȻȫǱܵģ΢΢һƲʲô
üͷһ壬⼸ԵеЩܵĵġ
һأ
ţվʣɶСǰȥ
Ŀ⿴ȥɫϵ˲˴룬ȻпУ
εѹͻôеնࡣ
вȴҲϰˡ
ǻеĺ壬ûпա
Ķӣȥ£
»ŮԼãҲС
Ҳ濶ûʸ⡣
һЩִԵĹ
磬濶ȥģĸȥȥʲôȻ濿ڵЩСС⣬졣
пЦ֪ǹģһвԣܾܿҪܷˡ
ڴ̣ûΥϷ˵־
Ѿֱס˵ֱۣʣ濶Ҫһ𡣡
ջĿ⣬ɫٴһҲû꯵˼
Σ
תһ룬ױȣ˭ǸӸð
οлڣǰβҲȫ
ûãȥ˿Ҳûʲôá
ôһ룬ֻһЩܵĵǡҲ
濶һȥɲʧ񡣡Ϊ˻һգ˵
ʵҲ˿С꯶ӹһܷ
һһΣǺ¡
˵Ҳ֮һˡ
˵ڳԼЩӣԵΪĻ
Ƕӣֻ˵١
Ƕ̵֪λ̫ӣС˶ٳͷ
ֹͩ˶ϣǣֹˡ
ĸİɣ濶϶ʧģ϶濽㡢ٹ濶ϵɺءӻ
˵ţЩĿ۵
ԼҸǰɲҳƺ˽֡
ԼҸûԼŮн㡣
ô򵥣ôԵǿƵĲ̸
ֿСûг
С˿֪Ǿǹȥˡ
˵Ц˼䣬Ҳûٳ飬ⳡ˳
ˡ濵˶ɢȥ
УɫϢոսȻͬ
ϵ˼㣬ҲĮ鵽˼㡣
ղŵͣһ㡣
˿ֻһλͳޡ塢µĵۻʡ
ޱȵĿ̧𣬺͸˴ǽâʮءĺ˻ĵ̫ǡ
˭Ҳ֪һ̣Щʲô

ڶ죬濾Ϳĵĳˡ
ϸ˵һζһ˳Զţһڴ֮С
ȻЩĹС
ȻСĳ֮£еųǱҪеģ֮ٲˡ
СЩԸȻǹԹ
ʮλһŮԻڰСλǿߣһн˳һҴﵽƷ鱦εıΪصǰ̫ǡ
һ·ٶȺܿ죬ȫ׼ʥεǿȫС
ǱĹЧ̣ΪĴȲεıࡣ
󣬵һ˵̫ǡ



639 濡ڤ
̫ΪǳУΪҪҲΪĵ֮һƴҲԶʤ̫֮ǳ
ȵȣԶԶ
Ҳ̫ͬǰȣһû׼ʥΪȥ̫ǡ
̫Ȼ䣬һֻҪﵽ˽ɲΣͿԴ档
̫ǻһξʱͣ
վڴͷС˷̧ܵóһƣһߣƾͻһâ̫ǡ
һ·ϣգһתʧ
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ü˼ţȴֵҲõǻΥԼԣҲɱˡ
ֻԵΪ˻ʱһ°ˡ
ΥԼ²ҲʱԾ𣿡
ûлӦȴǾޱȣ˾򵥡
ͬ뷨ˣ˽еĻ˵ˣ¹
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һڶ˼Сһ˶Լǿ֪Լܸ鷳ֳΪǿĹ
ĲǴֻΪڷ絲̫࣬ȫڸĹâˡ


644 μ
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645 ǳ
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ֶ䵭ĮĿ⿴µˣεʵʰ㣬أһС
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أ۵߳ء
̶ʱ䣬һɷ籩γɣڶǿ߷׷ǳȥ



646 ˵
ǳһУڼеһˣɫ¡
һʮˣǾڤͱǽٳֵĵ濡
ǺޱߵƣȻҲֿܸܵ籩еĴо
ѹеļ֮Уʲôû˵ٶһȥ
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˿϶ǣӲ˵ģҲһһʱԱӡ
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ҽٳͲһ˸¡
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УѪǿᣬ븸֮ϵڸû׷ȻʩԼϵķӡѪӡסˣøʸӦ
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˼˸ţֲȷĸо
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ҲҪǣϺˣҶáȻڤ
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ͲǵҪǵˡڤ˵ȥŵ
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˿ȻԻԸΪǳͥΪ
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ϣŮȻ򣬹µŮʧǳлԪ֮ᡣ
·ը죬ǳ졣
弸ˣһ
˫һĨ𾪿ȫû뵽˵˵Ⱦ֮



648 Ѳǳ
ԼŮλԪ֮ᡣ
ݿԵԺĿٵγǰ޹ˣδй֮¡
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ѰЩٳֵ濡ˡ
ԪǿΪԼȥѰңǺɵĻ
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֮һƵ´ǳչһδйĴѲ顣
ͥפһʮĲǳͥܶ࣬սһٶ֧
ȫԴ̵ĵΪġѲȥ
ÿһռ䡢ÿһǳŹ
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Σȴ濱һ¡
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˵ǳŵġ̹ſٵزдǧħǿߣڡ졣
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ڣݺ嫺أİͥǰ̽
̽еõĸĵرĺô
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˶ֻǾûֹûп˵ʲô
һͥɳ㣬ûֹ򲻵ѣû㹻ôǲǿս
Ҳûǳʵ
ֵͥԽԵǿƣҲ⿴ġ
úĸֶԿͥ
ǿֻͥûǳʵɡ
Ҫ¹غģǶ桢
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˴ǿߺʹϸû˸ҵ
Ѳǳٶȣһӿࡣ
ȻҲٲ˸ָìܡĦԼս
һЩСǳ׼ʥǿ߱֡
ĻЩġֱӱͥǿץ
ɺܼ򵥣нٳֹɡ
һЩʵ֣һС类ǿѲ顣
ԽԽ˱ץǿҾܲߣɱ
һЩϵһЩϲ͸¶ޱȣȻֱӱ
޽ɡаԵ
Ǵʱ̾״̬ϽһлãֻѲ顣
ϣǾֱȥ
ֵܱ˷ǳ࣬Ҫȥ弸Ѱ֧֣Щ˸߲弸ǰ



649 ǿ뷨
ûע⵽
ûᣬֻǰţʥƺ⡢ලͬʱҲƺʥ
ǲῪڣȻ
ʱһȥͥѲĶҲԽԽ
ǹɻ۵Ĳŭࡣ
СһͥûѲ鵽Щĵ̡
ԷʵͬͥˣҲ鲻ԽԴ
ԷʵԽǿͻһֿʵԽͻһֲ
Ϊʵʵ
ͬʱǳ飬Ҳٶȿʼɢȥ
һλλյϢĿ˸ʾǵĲƽ
ͥǳ֣Ȼ뿴ġ
ûʲôԥڶǿǳ졣
Ҳٲ˾ɲ
̶ͥʱһγ֣ٳ㣬Ҳǿҵľĺͼɵ
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ʥڣǲõģСҲ̵̫ࡣ
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常һжֻɺϣͥΪΪǵ濵ģ˭
ӰȴҲȷ˭˵ΪĿģ޷ǵ濡ΪԺԸͥ
ϧȴǸͥõĽڣǳ춯֡
¶ԷҲû뵽Ȼǿƣǳ졣
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ҲĬȻûȷϣȴҲһĹʶĬ

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Сˣۿһ̺̾Щصζ
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ϵųֵɣ͸ˡ
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ԵжʥϷ֮ġ
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½ѹһ۵˼ǣ
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漴һתΪҲΪ棬󻹻ʲô
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ʱţһλһλǿߵȻǱɫâֵǳ죬û˸ҵӲ
졢ũһվԭأǳڡ
ȻǽɫĻҲǵĿ⣬ǿʲô
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̫ǹ㺮ޱǡǡԪķǡǿվصȵȵط
ԽһαѲ顣



650 
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һս첻ؿִ쳣ۡ
սܴ󣬿ȥһ޴ĵ죬֮һ硢Ҳûʲôͬ
ĴһŮԡ
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սװϣΪ׵Ƿ١
̫ǵλΪ⣬϶ȻֻǻԪ澳ڼ˵УλԶһԪ澳ҪߣȫԪ۾й֮
̫ǵ֮ԾɷΪʡ
һλģһ׵ĵꯡ
ͦӢ䣬ȴ͸һɺƷԹ⡣
ǹ⣬һΪ֮η
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ûһ̣ڵϣ˵ŨӰӡ
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ʵȷ࣬ġ־ºں
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ͬʱĬĬļûнͷǳˡ



651 
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ʵںƺҲֻ൱Ķԡ
ʵϣȲΣڻԪǿУҲ˵ˡ
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˵Ҫں˵Ѷʮ
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Ǻĵơ
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ˣ򵥣ͨԪǿߡ
϶ʣġ
ŸҲ˵
ܲΪ̫֮ƹ̫ǺΧʮǳӴԴ
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Ѳ̫ǻڽУûм֪Ϊؼ϶֮ȴûбѲһ¡
˵ִ˲֪١
ԯǿûжٿʵʵڵѲһ飬εġõ˺ܶö
ڷǳʮ죬ڶˡ



652 ̫̫Ҫ
΢ص˫ȫ˫Ŀһתһ
ʱʥҲ˫ۣŵ
Ǿ͸о˲ԣܿܲټƽȥ
һ̣ˡ
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Ǳ˴֮໥ƺ⣬ԵĬ
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Щ̫ȴҲΪ̵谭֮һ
ʶɨһһ̫Ҳһĥ
󣬾ֻʣ˷Բʮҡ



653 ̫ĺ
˵ԭΪʱ󲿷ڷǳ죬ʶԶ۷֮ʱ
ҪԭȴΪ̫谭
ⷽԲʮƺܴ󣬵̫˵ʲô
ϸһ̽飬ⷽԲʮķΧڣûκ쳣еֻ档
ɫ䣬˫н⸡֣ͨȫƶ
ʶķΧʱ࣬˽ңǴʮֹ
ϸһȻûʲô֡
˶һۣͼ֣ȫƶ㡣
쾵֣̫̽ǡ
һβͬڷһǰ˵͹쾵ĴڡܶΪͬİҲࡣ
ȻƬ̺󡢲һã˳һ㼫һȥ
̫ϵȷΣأȻЩΣջκβõˣȴҲӻǵĽŲ
޾̫УŸָĿռ硣
ЩռĴڣһǵĿ⣬ʱĻ𡢸ǻӰܶࡣ
·˵㣬Ҳ׼ȷһЩ
ԣǼ˳Ѱȥ
̫⣬ʥڵšš˼š
ʹ˾ڵδҵۿ֮ǰҲ¶ѡơ
ǳ졢ķĻ⣬ܿ졢ͷ̤̫ǵϢһλλд
Ȼȥǿµķоûܿڵ
仹塢׼ᶼΪ֮Ϣ£ЩڶԷڵΪ˽⡣
˵ʱ˽ǳĴ
ʥһЩҲԥ
ͥʼһλԪǿ֣߳˵ǾԲԹ֮ۡġ
ͥҶ֣Ǿһ桢壬ֹ
λԪǿƫƫǵۿ
ǹϵҲ˵ҪģǸɻĳޡ
Ԫǿߣܹͥ˲
ɵۿȴûš
ܿܣͥһеףʱͿһʰǾ뿴ġ
ԶԥˣһλλеĴڣĿ֮˴˽㡣
ʱʹһ¹ʶȿʱ˵
ۿָ˽֮Ҫ̫϶ԸѶȾ˵˵ġ
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ũ棬ڶڵĽҲûбܻ
Ǹͥѹһַ
˿֪ͥʲô
ÿһ±ߣսڶڵĵߡ
ÿһߴ޷Ԥϵغ
Ŀǰûг
ǿĵߣеģһЩ

ڶڵĵȴ£̫Ѱ죬ʱҲ̫Ǳ档
̫ڲӵΣգ̫ﵽ׼ʥߵȲε
һ£̫飬ӵлԪ֮׼ʥߵȲΣҲֻܴһС
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Ѱ죬ͨ޵һ·Ѱҵ
Ҳһټ׶Ͼ
ͨ߶˴ʱļޣ쾵Ҳͬ߶˼ޣɨ˿˿硣
Σûͣ£ɫ˾֪ҲҲ˿
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û뵽ոջָ֮ûгΪ̫֮ĵۿܹ̫ĺˡ
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Ϊ̫ĵһ壬̫Ǿǽڵļҡ
Ļǳҵ
ʱͷ˶֡ϱʱ䣬ȷ˶Էȥ
̫ĺˣȴǾڣҲӦý벻˵ġ
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Ϊۿ̫ܽĺ˵Ŀԡһҡ
ϾԷոջָ֮ãҵ̫ĺˣҲǽȥġ
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뿪̫ǣ̾ͱʥˡ
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˼𣬸ֶֿ֣ܳһһƽ
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ͬʱɵ̫ԭأһ
ǳʮ졣
ʥ涨ʱ佫ǳеѲ顢Ҳӭһɷ
ͥӵ޼ɵǿưԵԭ˼ɵĶҲ˼ˡ



654 Լʱ䵽
ǳ죬طһƬҡ
Сʥǽһж
Ϊ쵽Լʱ䣬֦Ƕûпڣ䷢չ
ǵķ֮£ǳڡһƬѪɺӡ
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濿ٽЩϢ˵Ŀ΢Ĭ
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һ˿֮Ϣ濶ڲ̣
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ĿͳһЩһĨĸ
϶ûע⵽Դţ塢ʥΪʥˣŵģȴԶԼ
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ϣɣ

̫ǡһԱĵط
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û̫𡢾Ǵﵽ˻ԪΣ
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⴦ط֮һȥֻʮֱСĽɫ壬ϲʱȼһ˿˿֮Ľɫ档
ֻĸоΧĻҪһЩ
ǽɫ壬̺һƺܻһеĿֲ
ۿһɫ۷վɫϣɫأ˫ۿһգ֪ڿЩʲô
ΣһЩصۣ˻ʻûȥ𣿡
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䰲ο½ѹȴҲ¶ǵĵط
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ۿҪСĴڱһܣ𣿡
½ѹԣȷˣ˻ʵĵȷȷǺһܴڵĴ档
Ҫ̫ܽĺУҲǲܡ
ϧΪָ֮ʱ䡢վ̫̣ûгΪ̫֮˴ν̫ĺҲȡɡ
Ϊ̫ĺһ壬ǿҲԽ벻ۿ΢̾Ϣһ
ԭ֪ǳ죬ҲһǰԸ
Ҳ˿壬̫һ㣬嫺Ҳûҵ
ʹпҵ̫ĺ˴һ㣬Ͱȫˣ
ڣһֱţҲЩˡ
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ʥ̬ͬûڣĿе˼ȴ¶ɡ
˴ʱǵѹҲɣǣʶͽˣǲ϶ൢһ̡
̫ڲǸطԪʼĻУһû߶
ǳԼ纣ͬʱΪһţ޾ʧ



655 ˺̫ĺ˷
˲䣬Ͷص˵ڡ
䣡
һɺ嫵ޱ޼ʵơһһ󲻴𶯡
Χ̫Ϊ𶯶Ҫһңһֱ̣Ƹǿѹ
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Ȼ׵ġˣա
أ
ǰԶһռ䡢̫ʱһգҲ飬һ㱡ĤһĶ
ֽɫ⻬ȱȥּܱ᲻ɴݵĸо
ϻһСӡǣһֻڡ
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ʥĿһɫȻٿ
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˭óǹǿƣͷ·Ҫϧһд۵ľġ
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656 һΡҲһ
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657 ۿ
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Էǵһݡ
˫ĶϵԣĻҲԶĻԼǿĳ󡢷ء
ÿ֪̫ڶǿĿϷ֮⡣
ԺЩǿÿһμᵽҲԻⷬ
ݵ衣
˵ЩȻǳײҪκڣݡ
ŭգɫ
ͬʱۿûĻڳڶǿĿСЩŹ֡
Ϸ
ۿε
֮ս䣬Ҳһֱڱ׷ɱ
ȴûκһ˸С˵Ǹеʵ
ۿǵĹϵɼûһǶõģԹܴ
ۿв˵ﵽĵزҲò˶١
ǲõۿʱҲϲּ
ҪǳϲԣۿҲûЦͻӵ
˵˼
ֻҪɱۿ衢û⡣
ǿЧġ֮ԣҲֻе˵
ɫû˿仯Щֻ˵ôں
ƫƫ̬õۿŭȼա
̬֤Ļ
ǿѹŭ֪ٷŭֱӿںҲֻȡˡ
ΪûǸʸֻƽ˸С
ĬϢ֮裬޼סˡ
ҲΪ棬ΪŮǳ죬ѲаԵǳѪɺӣǺһŮĻ档
ֻʱȴϧһдɱޣѰŮһߡ
ʣôںŮ
ԴΪڡϴռǳ죿
ʵ̫Ĵÿһ˶С
ʱ˵ɫ֣صĿ
ۿϲּ£ۿ֮Բ¡
شǾ͸ȷο϶ڽⷢӡ
и飬Լ̬ȣǻ˽ġ



658 ־
ɫ䣬ĮвмɣԵ£Ҳʣ
ǣڶѽڣֻǴʣ޲䣬ѵڶһҲ𣿡ۿЦҲʹ桢һߡ
ڵۿ⽫Լȫһľٶڶǿ߷׷ĬϣεĿȴֱӡѹŵ
δĮǹ°£˭Ҳʡ
δ䣬ڶǿĿЩˡ
⡢ЦȵȲһ㡣
˵˺ҲЩΣ̾һû˵ʲô
һ˻ʣ޲ףΪΪȺ۷㵱ΪۿЦ˫ȴδ˿Ц⣬еֻ˼
ɫ糣Ƹ˵ӵۿˣЩ䡢ɿкãСˡ
ǲȺ۷ֲΪնɱۣѲǳ죬Ҫʲô
ҽڡȥɱǿߣ
Ů١ҲԼŵİɣۿЦصĺȵ
ǿɫ΢䣬ЩɲĿ
ߵһģ޲Ǿ꣬ǻ֮ͨ
ۿԣȻҲ
ֻûȷ֤ݣٵһЩˡ
ۿ˺ǿʳ
ǿĿ⣬ǶȻ뵽ʲôüͷ壬ĿޱȵĿۿŮ٣ǷУ
ߣµ㻹뽫һƵ޵ͷ˭ֻţۿ
ûۿĻϢ䣬̧ˣһһɫëϻȼЩ̫
һ쾵
ˣԴ㡣΢
ɫصһͷӹë쾵ĳͼֿũԯˣȻλ͵һ֮
ũ˵ͷȻ̫ó㡣
ҲǴ֮ˣֲ̫óֻȽڷ˶԰ˡ
û˵ʼ㡣
ǿﾲţҲ뿴ô£
̫ĺУۿЩü
ǽɫëģǸոձѹУ䱻ȡ
ɾë˾óйأ
Ѳ׼ǿм޻ޣ
ôһ룬ЦҪǿм޻ޣֱԾˣֺα÷û֮£
ǲйءһ仰£
üͷһۿʲһ㡣
ۿһͣ⻰䲻࣬ȴǷƿԵĸо
ϾΪȥƺǷǿ쳣
ʵϡȷЩʡ
ûٶ˵ֳһӰҲûٶԵۿ֣̫ǵķҲ֮ٴһЩ
תۣһʱȥĿ֮£Ȼ䡢ǽɫëȼһЩõĻ档
ۿգԶһȺڽ֡
˲䣬ǿĿˡ
ۿޱȵͻ𣬵һΣڵСܵޱߵŭ
Ŀת·ȼĻ桢ŭӿӺĵۿ
ۿҲЩ㶣ôܣ
ֻһƬëôĳ
ǵ֮Ѿﵽֵز
Уȴûٷϡ
ոһĻͷĿ֮£ڣǿһ۾Ϳġ
٣ʵڡĻ档
ηϣ
ǿĿЩ죬ǻû뵽¾ȻǵۿΪ
ʱոжԵ۵Ĳɢһա
תǶԵۿ
ǳеǿߣǿߡ
ԵۿӿǿҵĲ
һжǵۿԼǳģȴΪ֮֡͡
ˣ
ǳеǿߣǿҵɱ⡣
ͥǵ裬ȫġ
һۿ㵱ԯŭɫȵ
ˡũ۽ɱȻ·ŭ˼¡
µŮһһֱ䶼ܸܵԽӿŭ
ۿɫûϵ˾Ȼƾһëйء
ǿĿ֮£Ū֤ȷ䣬޴ӷ
䣬оһĨԣȴҲ˵ﲻԡ
ѹ¶ҪԼŮԣ̳̫ǡ
һǿº޲ɱ
ʱڣΪͷ
ֻԾȣȻҲûֵ̫Ҫ󣬷׵ͬ⡣
ȴǱŭЦ
δ䣬˫͵һ˺ǵһӴһ룬̫ĺȫֶҪ顣
ǵʯ㡢Ȼ֡
ƥΰӿ̫ĺУһֻӴľ֣һ¡
ۿɫһ䣬Щһ̫ӭϡ
أ
ҵĺը죬һЩ΢
̫ĺУۿǱȥ
ë֪˶٣ɫѪҺʧ
ǿȴûЩǰĵط
Ŀ졣
̫ĺ˵ķˣ
ˣ
£˵ɫһЩǡ
ͬʱ̫Ҳ״ﵽͼޣҵĲУǹɷ֮ƺǲһ㡣
䣡
ѵĲǳͳͳˣִųȥ̵ǳ죬Ϊǿҵķ־
һɺ嫵ûб߼ʡڳǿ˲ɫ־֣֮һ̱ή١
һƳ˿Ե漴ӣǳ׷ſһУһ߽̫ĺˣһȭۿ
䣡
޾𶯺˲̫ĺˡ̫ǡǳ졢ľʮĺ˻г֡



659 췣١ɱۿ
ƻۣգѹֵء
һҪѵģںǰ
̧ͷ죬ֲ
졢ŭˣ
䣡
Ȼը죬ÿһ鶼еľη־塣
ǳת۱޾Ľ֣ĺɫ̫ǾڽĴ
ڵǿ̧ͷĿоԴżɵ͸塣
췣
СΪֲĳͷ
Ǵ󲿷ֻ֣ȴδۼ
ֻǸոۣǿֲԼ嫵ı־гȼλ⡢޲еľ
ড
ȻһЩнǵĿ⡢̫ĺС
˿ȥֻѾһ̤̫ĺ˵ĵһȭ֮£ۿ̫ǿдɢһֱֻӶϢƴȥ
췣٣ǿĿ⣬һȭݺȥ
أ
УڵЩ
һȭķıϡ
ӴȥëѪⱻ飬ѪҺ漴ֱǿзһա
ڶǿ߿ĿһۿʱǴ۷̫ǣ
ԵȴС
Сûз֮С
һ̾Ҫǡ
УѾٳȭ
ƸΪֲۣǹ׺Եǿƣױȡ
ڴʱ췣ˡ
һƶԵӡӵķŭ
һͨ쳹صĺɫ޾н¡
˲Ϣ֮䣬գҲ;谭̫Ǳ棬ֱϷԶ
⵽µĻ֮ɢŻһеϢݺ
Ŀһ䣬Щ𣬵ģǿԵ
һ̧׺ץɫһȭۿȥ
䣡
ড
ɾҵĺԼڡ
ɫʧһǿץɢ
ۿ֮һǱһȭ飬Ϣ󽵣Ȼش
ʱۿȴЦˣϢʮ㣬˵ˣɱޡ
ǿĿ˸ͬ˼ΪǶܿѾ췣
ոһ˵һ̽һ
Żǿֲ췣
ۿҲô׳ɱġ
ˣȻڲֵĵɱۿ
˵üǵʵɱۿۿ̫ĺУǸ̤룬Ҳ췣
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ޱߵѹѾƵ£ȫкϡ
־ڿ췣ڽ¡
䣡
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һһ㣬û˺κֱͷ
˫΢У磬ǰԵ
ͻһɫӰӭɫ
Լ˫һӣط·˫֮䵮Ǭתơ
̫ĺһ˲ƺ֮С
ۿĿ䣬ص˫һҪߣһ̡ȴ˵¡
һ̤ڵۿϣۿӴһһӱǧ硣

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䣡
ͬʱɫӰҲɫײɫɫӰǿз顣
δһȭ̧𡢺ݺ£˫гɱ⡣
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ʱɫҲˣȵڶǿһң˻֮
÷˵˲¶ǣ˼죬׷˳Ĭ
´ʱۿȥǳΣգȫһϧ۶Ҫɱӡ
䣡
ɫɫײ˫ֲɱ˫ɢ
ǿֲನҲȫкһУû˺̫ĺ˰㡣
췣֮
ܵ췣ͷ֮⣬顢ֻҪŵֿ췣Ͳܵ췣˺
ڣ췣ֱӴ̫ǣϷ
췣ײҲನ˺̫ĺˡ
췣⣬Ҳһ㡣
ûʱͣ
ĵɫĵȭͬʱ¡

䣡
һӴĽɫӵϳӭȵǿٵĺɫ
һȭǼ谭˵ۿķϡ
תۣ־춯صУɫӰĵɫ໥ɢ
ۿƬ飬ֻʣ˲֮һ
λѡյҪɱޣվһɱǣλҪԹۣۿƴһ֮ȴӲѵĽ£ֻܳȵ
ǿĿⷺ𲨶Щԥⷽɨ˽㡣
ߣۿһжҵģ㺦ǳѪɺӣ췣٣ղݡԯһٺȵ˾Ȼԯ֪ʱС
ˡũ۽ˡ
ǿԥˣȻǲϧһսˣۿҲȷҵġ
Ҵʱ췣ˣȵۿ˭֪᲻ᷢ裿
ʱ
ŵ׺ޱȵģ졢Ȼߣ֮⡣
˵췣ۿȥҲֵõġ
ǿĬۿͲˡ
˫ŭӿһȺĿǳĻˣû໰ĻᣬȭڴݻһС
ڸոʱɫ͵ȭٴͬʱ¡
ǰһɫӰӭɫ
ԹԡҪɱۿ



660 VS췣
ǹɱ⡢׺ȻǿֹĬҪԭ֮һ
ɫӰһɫ໥
ƥݻٵۿԪ񡢴ȵһС
һнۿѾȫʧֻʣһֻǿӰ俴ȥǰǿȴҲ͸Źǿиɵĸо
˶֪ۿ֮ʱ
Ҳһȭͻ᳹䡣
һЩĿиԥȴǳĬ
ۿ˫ĿһݣڵȭʱãˣȻŮԣŹ޶ӡ
ȭһ٣ͷųɫӰӭɫĿɫһӰаһӰ½ѹ
ûʸ̸
ΪûУŮ𣿡ۿʾ
µûл·ˡ
ǿȻѡȥŭܷĵˡ
ҲûŹԼ£һǲܡ
Ժ᣿
ΪһŮŹ
ۣ֪ͥܵ¡һŮӻԼ
䣡
˫ɫͺɫײ಻
ûӰ죬ǿֲನֱܻӽ̫Ǵݻ١
˫ֲɱĳ£ΰᡣ
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ۿĿ˸£ηҿ¶ŶԷǺãҲ˵ǰŹ޶ӣֻҪ㲻ɱһʽס
ףõŮ½ѹ⣬Ӧġ
ӦΣɱ½ѹܻ뿪̫ǣ
ܡ
ߵ³
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Ԫ񱣻µ½ѹ˫ͺˣȴţһԲ
ô̡
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ĿһĨ˼ͻȻ̧ͷȥŨ
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췣ǸŭߵҪ١
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üͷһȭȻ£Խ֮ݻŵۿԪ
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һɸ֮֡
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׷ӿ
ڡɵȵȽС
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䣡
У
ûнµĵߵɫǵ˼̶췣ϡ
ֻնɱۿ󣬿ûпһۣһӣ¶½ѹȳ̫ĺˣ˵ȥ
̧ͷϷһ̤̫ĺˣվ̫Ͽա
ΰޱȵӿȣֱ޾ƣǲ˿ʾ
һɰһСµľˣͷ
һ̫ǣǳ죬·ֻĽ¡
ûκȴ·һ֣췣֡

һЩĿУ˿˿ʡ
䣡
Ϣʱĵߵɫˡ
ɫȴ·ǿա˾ʮء
ֲϢΪ֮壬ǿľ嶼ǿҵļɵ
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κһλˡ
ڶĿ£ˡ
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βֱǿͷΰĳǽɢѹһСֱӵϢ
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䣡
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貵ĹâһУ̫ǿ󡢵һЩԼԼĻںĸˡ
ڶྪĿ£˿á
ϵۻ۷ܵһѹ޷Զ
ΰȴһ綼û½
⽻㣬
ǿˣ
ǡһǶЩ̾ͨǿһЩ
ɿֲű˴˵ϡ
˫֣֮Ŀ췣ơ
ͬһλһ㡣

Щͳ³һɽ̤ڽµİԵɽ緢Ȼϡֱ췣ơ
ͬʱһ𣬾϶ȥ췣ơ
һĿУһӡ֣ɫâΧ֮壬漴ͱһγֵǰΧġ
嫵ǡЯűһθǿٵΰײ췣ơ
䣡
ǳױŭģڰ˵ɫǰ֣֮ߵͬǿ٣ŻһеϢ¡
أ
ײâһСȴû˺κһ
ھʮصУس˽֮ɫ
³ضҡҡ׹
ںǿУǿһеֻ𣬻ֵ
ǧ硢ء죬ʮ硣
ǿֲ໥ɱһһı˴ĥ
ڣ֪˶ãػָʧ
ɣգֻλñ֮ղš½˲١
Ȼ΢·硣
ĿоǾ̾ǲ֪ʱһֱڰĺ
ûм˱Ǹ˽ոǰ
֮
ʹһЩȴҲԲࡣ
Ԫ֮ӵȻѾһΣʵǾ̾Щ˼顣
ҲɶԴƻ߼ޣڴˡ



661 ֮
΢΢Щüǣһֱûֵ
ΪںУԶʱǳأǶֲˣ
һ˼Ҳֻһͣ˴¡
ֻаӷ
ĵ޾
ʵҲ̫һ̽ļޣҲδǵޡ
չ¶ǿļޡ
ɲ֣ǶԵһֱӡ
ΡҲǿԽһ̽
Ϸ췣ƣͷԼͬĳ֡
ǿȻǵĲΡ
ǶԣҲһĺ壬ûʲô
ǿɵֵ
ǵδڻ罻ֵˣǸеĪ𺳡
µһ
֡һθеһϿɡĵĳϡ
Ψз˵ˣ˿ͬʱֽġ
ڰ˵췣ѾܹѹƵʣµأ
üͷ壬˫У˿˿Ǹ֡
ƻƺЩܿˣ
ǿưµǵ˼ʱʲôֻܵȴ
䣡
ȻڶĿ£Ͽ޾ĽġƻΪһڶеĽȫĺڶۡ
תۣľʮصޱ߽ƣһֿ쵽޵ٶСȫĻۡ
һɼΪµϢۡ
ڶɫٴνԱ䣬Ũļ֮⡢̼Ϯǵȫ
壬ɫء

»ҲܸܵҲǸոճ롣
˵Ϊأ²ԣȴҲеһϢ
ǳɻʳɵǵһΡ
ˡβֲ֪
Ŀ⿴ʱ̲סֵ뷨
ȴǿǳֻ㡣
ⰵн㣬
ڲ֣ܳǾֻΪ췣׼
ļºǿ󲿷ֽڴ֮⡣
ھ췣ǵ췣ȻԽԽá
һʹҲҪԪˣܵԽصơ
ûЩĿ⣬һβǿ⣬һϾˡ
ĿǿơԵɣȴҲ͸أ̧ͷȥ
ȫѹЩڵĺɫڴµ֣һɫĺۼ֡
ǵڰ˵ɫµġ
û֪ոԵڰ˵ɫֹ·磬˵ˡ
ﵽһپʮ嶦̺ſֲĻ֮
ȫΪһʮӡǣһٰʮඦǿѹ֮ҲЩС
ڱ˵ֻҪȡһЩ췣֮жУȴЩϵı˵
ھŵɫ췣һĨĳ֮г֡
ھŵɫΣոС
һ߿ٷӡڵ췣֮һ˫ǧ˼Ѹ
Ϣǿƽ
Ҳá
ˡԶȼٵ˰ġ
ⲻײɨ壬һ֣ӦҲǳɡƽ
ֻҪǲ֣ң
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καﵽ۷Բ֮󣬾ûȡ֮Ϣӿڡ
Ҫͻ׶Σ֪ѣʱڸܣʱʵӡ
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ʱ
ɻ۵ոѲǳ졢նɱۿһЩȻﵽʮඦҡ
漰˵Ĺ֮ã쳣ǿ
һ̣ǳͻأģ˵Ŀ£һǿ˲١
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˲ײĶһۣȫȷ
ͬʱƫһǡ
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صĸ
ǿ󲿷һϰ֮С
𺳡ӼɵҲֻܳĬڴ췣ǿһЩ
䣡
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ܵĪѹɫһ˶ݣ˿˿˫塣
һԲһһʮӡǣټϸոնõ֮ȫ߶˼¡
ǣ
·һεļƣһ

塢˫ɴǾῴ֮
һ֮ʩչ֮
䣡



662 õʱ
뼫֮䣬ƺʱա
ھŵɫΪΪĳǹݺݺں嫵֮ϡ
ž
еһжˣؼ䣬ƺΨײһڣһ̣·㡣
ֻֻ˶̶һ㱻ơ
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ھŵɫ֮ϣ̩ɽѹѹǺ׹䡢ٶȿĳ档
գۣǾ׹˲֪پ롣
;һУȻ֮ĸ²Ӱ죬ֱӴ͸ǳ
ռ䡢ƺԽǷݸ档
׹Ȼһռͨǳֱͨ·
ڶǿһæ½ȥš
ǴʱٶԶԶ޷ȣûɳԶǺС
һŽ֮ɫĺƴᴩأ䣬̶ʹǿޡ
䣡
춯صĺȻըƺʮضڲǿҵĽڶɫâȫ֡
嶼ܿ͸һйƽڶɫâɢɿֲǵϢ쳣ٵʧ١
ӰҲûټ
ڿ½ǿߣ׷׵ɴ˫ۣѰһӰ
ȴѰҲ
ȻûΪˡ
½ٶ֮һķ˼Ŀһһǰ
һ֮ʱŮ洳û棬ư硣
Ŀⷺ𲨶Ų׷ͣ
λǺ⣿Ԫʼڵ
ɫĮȻƽᶨҴ˻֮£λѻǲҪôĵĺá
һ˿ĳû˻ں
Ҳ׷˵˼ǰȥѰҵȻǵĴ·
һЩǿСڴ֮⡣

˻ǰԵӡʱȴݲҵȶԣ˼ΪصƣͻȻһŮ
˼ɫһ䣬Ŀһɨӡ
˭бվ˵ڣԯȵһվֵơ
塢ȴǲ⡣
ֳǿڶ࣬ң˵֮ʵǿᣬ˭ûв˭
ⲻ⣬˵֮ε
ֳ㣬дҳԷġ
ȴû˵ֻﾯ档
ȻǸû붯ֻ֣Ǿ档
ǰгҲ㣬ҲûٳĬ
ǿ֮ƣССһΣȴǾƵڶΡ
Ϊ̵ܹһΣ̵ڶΣǿҲû
ĻҲﵽĿģǿ˼¶˳
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Ҷˡˣ
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ǿ˫С֮ɫ
ʧֱݣش
⡢ǾѵʱΨһõĻᡣ
ɵģǵĿ⿪ʼ㣬Ĵڡ
塢׼ǡ
׼Ŀ΢΢ʹ˲ڱ˴֮
ʦ֣ǡ
ĪͥɲǺøġ
ǿ߽ڣֻҪԸ֣ͥѵõĻᡣ
ǿԸ𣿡
׼΢ɲһü˽Ļ
ʱܵشЩԪеǿ߶֮ͥġ
ЩԪ澳ԼһֻԪ۾أ
Ը
δԸ⡣
ʵһսľǡ
սúôСģҲǡ
ͥȻǿưԵǶоΣ
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ʱܵشȻʱڲ粨ǽ˿еɡ
ˣôðž޴ķաСջͥ忪ս
£Щʣʦ֣ܾͥõĻˡ
ĬϢƽȣΣֻҪԸǰ棬̬ȼᶨͥҲδɡ
׼Ĭϣ⾲Ķ塣
ܶǿ߶㣬ǿҪץסѵõĻᣬͱҪ塣
֮䣬ҲڽһЩ̸ۡ
ܵشûԡͨ˫ɫһ
ף˭ȷξļǾشδزֳǿġԪʼȻ
ֳǿк⣿ͨü
ȥǿĽ䱸Ŀ⣬ʱ̫ͥˣоĿ⡢ϣʱһãǿ֮ơͻ֡
ܵش躹ޡǡôԪʼжЩء
ͨ첻δزܡ
Ǳǿ߶׵ɲ⡣
ʱԷδؾܵش
£ֵδشʱǿв˼Ǻβһ̽һ£
̽УȴΥǵļƻһֲɹǿûд󰭣ʵʱǽòǰȴǳ˼ƻԪʼ֣ص
ͨһ˵ʲôûгڡ
ǵļƻһģԡ躹ޣзâͥȥǿƴ
һֲܳɹһǿͥǣǲ躹ޡ
ȻԪʼֵԼһЩǿ߻ڰУü
յǿҲò˶ãͻһһ
ǳɹͥҲòȥǡ
˻һͨ쳹Ϩ˼
ĵˮжûм˱Ǹ
ǶҪе֣οǿʱˮ
Ƿ˺ҪˮԸЩ
ͥУǶԸЩڵǿڡ
һûˡ
ֻҪһ룬սͨ죬ҲЩе鷳
ΪʱеĿ¶Ἧϡ
ͥûˣǿ
δܹɹͨҲòϨ˼
һδδǰʵҪ˵ġ
ʱǨڵʱһˡ
ʱͥҲǳ֣ǿͥ
һСվһˣҲʶ֡



663 ˻ʵ
ͨĬԪʼ̬ȣһֱû˵ƽڣˣǾͲ棬Լȥɡ
Ԫʼͨ΢ɲصͷףǿͥǴ¸Ͳܷ
ûǼ룬˭ȥ

ڶవеֳЩİ
˼ɫЩѿȫ𣬾䱸ʮ㡣
ĿⶢڳеǿߣͬҲΪء
Ƕ֪İô¡
ȴҲ˵ʲôΡ˶ʱ˵κλпӵĺ
ֻܽ䱸衣
Ϣ󣬰ǰЩǿߣĿЩС
ǿˣ岻档
õĻᣬǾȻҪװ׵˷ѵ
Ҫǹ˼ɷ˵ԼһЩǿ߿µͻῪȰ˵塣
ڡҲֻܽţϣܸı⡣
ǰ㡣
ûκ죬尲һԲ
˵˰˿Ȼѡ˲֡
ǸϢ
˶٣˳λûҪ£ǾˡҵȲˡ
˵꣬ȴϢû˿ڣ˺Ů洹ٶȲģ޶ȥϢʧ
ˣһЩǿĿвЩʧ
˵ʲô޷򣬼ɵ֮𣬻ˡ
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ҲûκζĻڶǿ߿ʼһһɢȥ
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޶ȥʵϸûԶķ˵ˣҲ׷ģޡ
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Ѱҽ̸֮
ǰ̫ǡ
ǰǳ졣
ȵȾٶˡ
ЩٶҲ֤һδֳľ춯֮٣Ȼô򵥾ͳƽȥ
ͥǾķԼơ
ҲЩǿߵľٶŮ派һ·ֱӿ˳˻ʵ
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ΪȻƿ±Ҫء
ǹϢŻ˫ۣ˫СһĨ˥֮⣬ˡĮˣ
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һͷƽӽҴΪ糣ҵȵ͵һЩͿɡ
˵˵ͷոշǳ죬նɱ˵ۿ벻͵Ҳˡ
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סǿǲȺΧҪԭ֮һǵɲ
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Ůڲ֮£ǰֻǿ
֪޴󰭣ⳡԽֻ£Ȼȥ
ʶ塢崺ΪʽǺŮ洹ϵһֱܺõҪԭ֮һ
ŮȥֳȻ˼֡
˫ж˼֣أ˵˵ɡ
ɫأ˴εҲоգǳ졢ϸѲ˴룬նɱ˵ۿȶµˡ
Ψ췣ʵڳϡ
ñչ¶һʵԭƻñװˣ˳ҵȳúǿġ
ڼ˱ˣǿΪˣһ
ովвųû٣Ҫ֣ο¾ˡ
˵˵ͷġ֪ļƻ
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Щǵļƻ֮УȻϣ췣֮²ɲ⡣
Ľһģˡ
Ҳ˵УҲ˵췣֮µȵȡ
Ψеˣܴ󶯸ɸ꣬ܰסѾǿΣеǿ
Ⱥնɱ˳ۿѲǳ졣
ǿǸʵڱúܽһСľͿܶϵʱ֮ʱ
Եˡ
ҲΪ֮׼
ΨһԤϵģǵ֮Щˡ
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ոյ˼˾ͲЩ¡
һѡ֣롣
ڵƣﶼס
ˡ
ֺαؽھŵɫֱ֮ӻصޣ
İԵӣ֪ܲ



664 ơ
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ɫûκα仯ȻԹΪƣû̽µļޣǲֵġ
ƽ£ǿ󵽺ƿһеŵ
Ƕŷصͷ
֮ԣʱѾԤϵ岻֣ԲŻֱݡ
Ԥмְգ
һˡ
ڿԤϵû
оգˣһȴҲǿӰģҵƲ֮¡ũڡһЩ
ˣЩˡ¶ûôװİݡԯһ䣬Ҳոһ֡
ΣǶǻúôһȼƻĿģѾﵽ
лǱȽɵġ
˵ͷĬϣɫҲЩ֮⡣
ܿ죬˿ڣ˴֮µײ඼˵˳
һᣬֵ½ѹʱУ֪δã
ۿ½ѹǣ濹֮һȻʱȱס½ѹ֮ȴԺл
ʱպδûáũ
޳ɣǺܶģ½ѹݽҲдá
ҡԯɫһѲ̫ǣûҵ̫һļ󣬵ȴɲ
½ѹҲǶԸð취
Ŀһ̫һ
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ˣһΣԴá
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ЩδزԴΪ̽Ңۣۡǰȥأ˭֣ն
Ңɫһ࣬ͷӦ
˴Ѳǳ죬Ѫɺӣ˲ٵС
Щֻǳռ죬ҪȫΪԼĵ̣ѶȲС
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ԱҪǿء
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ˣδƿȫ֣֮ԡֵһ
ûԥĮǲᣬĵȴɣаš
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ãʱֻеһˣЩ˾ˡ֪롣

켺󣬵˫ͫ΢˿˿ɫͼɵͬԼԼֵ֡ͬ͸
ʱϵϢҲЩңǲѹơƿһ
ʮϢʱ䣬ЩҵϢǿƽȥ
ϡһĨĲ԰֮ɫ
û˿ǣΰڣһɺɫڲҪݻһС
ڱӡȫѹ
ЩǿĲʱȷشˣҲȷõĻᡣ
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ǲ˼Щǿߣһѹźɫһ߻ոԼһƳĶ
һĨŨļɵȻ֡
ǳϵǿ
ǿе𾪺ѹ
ֲá
һѹЩ֮»ǴʱʺȥӴġ
ҪøǿưԺ֮󡢷ȥȥ
ڵĵ֮ǻָơ
췣ĵھŵɫȻﵽ˽İٶңƥҲ˵̺Ŀֲ֮˵ԭ
Щ֮ԲονǺС
總֮
ͬǿᣬʹǺѹһУǻ֮ʲô
ʱʹһֶΣﵽඦҲǳ
Σܵ˻ء
վûдﵽ׶Σ˵ǲʲôȴǲһЩ
ѹǻ֮Щġ
˫Ĳ࣬һʮ͸ֵ;Ŷ͵ĸֵ
Ʋ಻ȴŲࡣ
һ췣һʩİٶʮ͸ֵһʩٶľŶ͸ֵ
˫ʵĲࡢԱȡ
ҲԵҪԡ
кܶ˵ԡֶεȵȡ
ЩͨҲȴ۳ԡ
ͬȶԷǿһЩ
пΪԶת䡣
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һǾŶ֮˾Ŀռ֮
Ŷܸ֮ܿǿ
˽ҲǵһΣ·硣
׶εľʹͨĻ֮·硣
ϣȻ
ҪָƣΪԲ磬Ծͱǿûкֵ֧췣֮
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ȻΪ˴Բ಻ȴǲҲò˶á
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׶ˣҪܾõʱ䣬ָܻ
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ȴأˣǾ˵ƣָ鷳
ȴֻҪ㹻֮ɡ
ҲΪʲôൣĵԭ
ǿûѡʱ֣ʱھͲٳ֡
ʱڣ㹻ָˡ
ǧ˼ƽϢȫȫѹ췣֮
ǿʼ躹ޣ̵ľȴѾ¡
żɣǡҲӦòʧ

ڵָƵͬʱǳУȴǰӿǿ߽ڰѰʲôȥ
̫Ϊĵĵط
ͥǳĶҲûֹͣкܶǿߺʹѰŵ濡
ֻΪôİԵС
ۿ췣ĵڶʱ֡
ţһ۵СɽһǧŻ
⴦ǧУһƬߣûκټ
ĴһΰӰ
ɫ۷˫۽գû˿Ϣ·һһ㡣
Ȼʲô䶯
˵˫͵һŨĻ˫и֣һִ
ⷽǧҲǶ˼̫¶ֱͺ˻硣
ۡ
³ű̹ǵĺ硢ɱ⡣
˫תƺǧ磬ֱ޷򣬺ӿ
޴ǰ·¡û


665 
𣬶ʱⷽǧӿÿһռ䶼ڲһ̾ͷ·Ҫѡһ㡣
áһв𽥻ָƽ
ǵӰһ۹תһ򣬿һеĴա
һ˿ڴ
޵Ľ֮ѻ٣ǻ̫ϣҲ

ǿ߲̽顢ȴûκν̫Ϊصĺ֮һ˿ĲȻ֡
ԼԼ䣬һǿ쳣ΰޱߵĴ֣һʧ١
ƺЩֻǴδ

ʱһţǳеİӿҲʼƽϢ˵תΪ˶Сص
֪ʱغһɹɰеڵѰʲô
ģ󣬷·ѰҵĶҪȴû˭
Ѳǳ졢նɱۿ췣شЩ춯صĴ£֮㡢Ӱ֮ǲ׾ƽϢȥ
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䱸Ŵٴγ֣áʱʧҲˡ
شȷͥʵ
ͥȻûʲôı䣬÷չļչռǳЩʱҲûá
۰ȴ躹ˣ˵ܲͲ棬չأ̵ĵ̡
ͥеũһЩ¶档
ڱ췣شĵһУֱӱչоʮʱ䡣
䣬ʱҲڱչ״̬Ȼڻָơ
ͥɣǹͱ˵ķâµİԵƣںǿУȴࡣ
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仹ǽẈ̂ۿ䡢شʱسֵǹɽѹ֡ʱչսա
ȴɢ˴룬ؼϢһЩ
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ʱƬųԲΡʲôΧסһȡʲô
ÿʱỵ̈ƬŵϢԲ̫ȴûͣµٶȱǿ
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ﱻɫĹâγɻ֡룬﷽СûκηӦƾڲ
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һӴ壬ԼԼɢһɿֲϢ
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ŵӰûоȣ֣ǽɫĿһɨˣϷº͵Ц⣬Ϊڴ꣬ŲҲȲˣǸóˡ
˻һЦȻһЦɫ۵ЦǾ߰ɣҲȲˣǽˡ
ЦУ˳ⷽ磬ֱ޵ķȥ



666 Ű
ǸոȥźСǳһ漴ͺƽϢ
Ǹ磬ȴɢһգ·ûгֹһ㡣
ĺۼڤڤеȵȣһֻεĴ֣ȫĨɾ
һСǳֻһͨͨСǳûκεڡȥûС
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ﲢûȷͳߣʵһҶģ̡
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ڻصŵղŵľ̸ֹе˵ġ
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682 
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һͣηŵûˡһλԪǿȥɱӣȥݺˡ
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683 ͷԼ˵Ļ
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684 
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ˣǿˣҶĺۼʻȫĨʣµġֻܿԼˡ
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ǿơ·һ㡣
˫һĨŭ漴µƽλ̫ҶʧԶӭˣ
䣬ƽˮƣתۼǿתռϷ硣
˫ĹϵͲѣο滹ɱ֮𣬲Цӭ
ȻҲЩ꯵ȵȻҵȵˡ
̬䲻ĮҲ־ǧ֮䡣
㰵ŵˣһ߾˵ʵһ߲кδţλ̫Ҷ֪к£
ŨľɲŶã
۲⼸˾Ȼﵽ׼ʥеȲΣ
ĶӡѲҲһʾޣ
ֹˣͥǵһֶΡ
ʣ¾ֱˡɫȻֱģǾڤӵϢ



685 ŰĴ̫
ڤɫһ棬漴üͷ壺Ǻ⣿
ҵҲԣڤڶҴ̶ԾڤɱɣԻ֪ûоڤϢС
ɫһ䣬ŭӿʱ̬ȣǽ⵱𣿡
ȻԷӣȻ
ο
ԷͲϢġ
ʩѹʾġ
ʾ
꯼޶ԣӰķŭƺ⼤ŭ
۲ֱЦһˡֵѾǸӡ
Щ˵ʡ鷳
˫۱䣬ݺݴ˵۲ɱ֮˭ǡ
ˣӵ۲ľٶ֪Ǹ߲ƣûп˼
Ҫǿʩѹ
ߣ
ʲô鷳˵ⶫ֮ϣǺ桢ʲô鷳һȻӱ䡣
˫ŵ۲Ρ
۲ΪȻһͬûͿֱӰ˫ۣΪмЦʲô鷳¶Ҳ˵
ǿŭⶫµƣƺƵһ˳׸ǹ˵ʮơ
ƣ޶ԣ۲ʮУٶЦǺ⡣
ǹɳĲмӸµ̬ȣɡ
Ծ󲿷ֺһ
ŭգ˭ĸ壿
ⶫС
ǻǴڣѾǰЩȫնɱ
úúã治ǰԵеͥۼʶˣŰ裬ϧͥûгưԺģ浱Ϊǣŭ
²£ǵ£Լ֪ɡȻһֱԹ۵ĵ֤Ȼڡ
㱻⻰һͣŭأ˵ʲô꯱ŵˣӣҲ֪ǾڤϢҵȶҲãʹ˸ǡ
䣬Ŀ۰㣬ȥ
˼ˣûгɡŵȥ
˫еŭ緢̫

ϵŭӿ𣬵꯵Ǹ
еɱŨ˼㣬ȴʼû³Ǹɵ꯵˰߳
ˣ
Ȼһ֮ӰԶ
常磡һһ
Ӱһ֣ȻҲ̫ŭ⼸Сһĵˡ
ոһУȻ
ûлԪǿߵǾò˳ûг档
صͷЩʵҲЩ뷨Ǽɵͥȫ
ޱӣеŭ֮Լ˿
ҲŰˡ
Ȼ䣬вЩ塢ʱˣ
С裬常綼ֻš
ǼСһĿĺȷŭ壬Լǰʾʩѹ
ͥ屾ǲݵĹϵκκͽܡ
ԾΪ屻ŭֻ
һǱǵǿʾŪüɵѣ׳ְڤǵҡ
ǸӴȥڤǵĶǿŴеõ
һ֣ĵص
Ҳ⡣
簽죬£ܲŭ
棬ڸոաСݺݲ˽¡
ǹɲм߸ϵ̬Ը߰ԣĵ
ȴ̡ܲ
ͥǿ
ǲͥжֵĻᡣ
ãȻˣǵԸĮ
ŭءѹơ
ͰͷѾ֪ѡһˡ
㱻裬ǲܽô
ûжҲͲˡ
ǲԣ뷴ԡ
Ҳıʹ֪ˣҲûá
Ϊŭ֮£֪ˣҲȥ
οţԶƿѲ統꣬Ҳܱȡ
ץסڤˡ

һߡ
꯵˳ʣ˻ϡ
£ɫصСЩڶٹ̣αǼŭǼ򵥵¡
ַģǻϮǲɣʵҵҪϧûǸӡ۲ˬЦ
ɫأȴҲЩ޿֡
һ룬Ҳеͷûⷽ˵
˶ĬִղһĻ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣ͥ岻ݣǱȻ
ΣԷ¶ǻᰵҵڤ
ҪããҵڤûܱĿܸ
Ծͳ׼ŭ壬һǵ
ֻҪˣǿܵõԽ
Ƕڱס
ڰȫ棬ǲõġ
ͥƣ
ǵж϶ڳǻµĿС
ֻҪڣ֮£˭ָҶǣ
ʲôıơ˳֡޻˵ȵȵķǾԵʵǰҲȫȻá
û˸Ҷǳ֣һڰѰҾڤ
Ҳͥλ
ͥԽõ飬ЩԲⰵвƶһѡ
Ǳһ߲ңһ߼嶯˻ǱߡʱԽãԾڤҲӦûԽ׼ȷ꯳
˵ͷּ򵥵˵˼䣬˸Դȥ
ⷽ棬ֵЧ͸ԿԵıˡ
ѰҾڤ˵˵ɻٷ



686 ̫ѰҰ
ޱ޼ʵĶ֮࣬µһ
ʵģҲǲ١
ûӴԼٹ̣ڶҲСӡ
Щ嶼Ϊǵֻ֣ҪԼȥЩǡ
ƾֶΣ˭ҵڤ
һУҲֻѰҾڤһЧ
Եõ洦ҪԼȥ֡ȥ
ʱҴңŵǵҲĿⶼ˹
ڤڶ
һϢ֪䲻óȻ֣Ҳİʼ򶫺ӿ
ͬʱЩڣҲн̬չͥ˵˼
ĸǲûлԪǿߴڣĶ
һСѡ˰вҾڤ䣬󲿷ѡʵʵ
ʲô֪Ҳˡ
ֻϧѡʵİȴ˲ǰ
һЩ꯵š
һء
һڶ֮вֻۣһλ׼ʥߵȲΣλ׼ʥеȲΡ
˵ʵʵѾǲڶУܹŵΡ
Ͼ׼ʥߵȲΣѾϹĲΡ
ô׵ġ
һȴûٵλԭܼ򵥡
ͬӡ
Ȼ񶫺ڶӣһ֮á
ǽڽιеĴڡ
壬壬ΪǰĴڣºһʵҲӲ
⵼ºһڶеĵλܵ͡
һ죬һһλǸǲĴ
ߺʧԶӭˡһ峤ߺڴӭӣ̬ŵĺܵ͵
ö񡣡˻ɢһѹ֮ƣ
ߺиˣԷ⸱һ̬ӣ֪Է߲ơ
أȴûʲôһл£롣
ûгɣһȡһڲȥƺûκεľ֮⡣
һŻһǧС
Ǻһء
ߺһ̬Ƿŵĺܵ͵֪´ݹҺһ壬кҪ£
ĮĿ⿴ߺֱӵµúһ塢Ϊһ¡
ȫȴûߺ̬һ֡
¾˵ֻҪҺһƴȫߺûκԥʹӦ
Լĵλĺ
һ岻Ҫ˭
ǰλȻҲǲġ
ȻϺ£ںһ塣
ҪǣͥԶǿ塣
ǰλµ壬ֱһ壬ҲǸʵ
ҪģԲΣӦλҪģԷں档
꣬һ÷ǳ
񲢲ԷķӦĮҪ㺣һȫҾڤ䣬𣿡
ߺɫȻֻԥһ±ףؾȫ
һͷȻ˫ţʶȤñ֪ڷܣûоȫӦ֪
УӲȱٺһ塣
ߺͷ΢΢һͣĿЩ֣ᶨ·ģһؾȫε´á
ÿɷûжֱͣȥ
вٵطҪһˡ
ߺżˣߣǶ˿
ƣ˵ͥƣʵ̫ˡ
صĴڣ𷴿˼
峤ҪȫȥҾڤ䣿˻ߺһЩԥ
ͥĹϵ˭˲֪
һ
ߺԥϢһҧܲһɡ
˻һ˾Ͷ˼
岻һ塣
ͥᡣ
ǻʲôѡģ
׷׵ͷ
ܿ죬һ´ȫҾڤ䡣

һء
ۺżˣΪƽ͡
ǿƵĿ⿴峤һλ׼ʥεǿߡ
峤Ҳõֻ¾ѰҾڤ伴ɣǣܽԭƵϣҲǡۺ˵
һ峤ͷ֣صл½⣬·ģҺһؾȫѰǾڤ䡣
ţˡۺ΢΢ͷ¶ЩЦ⡣
һᣬۺȥһ߲̾
ȻԸϽȥۺҲûʲôв
ǸҲ
룬ѰҾڤ䡣

һ塣
۲żˣƸ߸ϣӸ¡
Ŀ⿴һϣһλ׼ʥڰ˲εǿߡ
ױµ˼һλԪǿߣҲȡ
ǲѰǾڤҲԣǾڤһͳεķΧڣû֪ͨ¡
ߣ·ģ֮һĳԱ
ǿԣõ
УΪԳΪǵ۲
ĿɨһȦҲڶԣ뿪Ǹŭѵĺһ峤ϡ
ȴֻŵ۲ȥҳ
峤ϢһӰǰڳæ
漴һλŭ峤ǵ۲Сʵ̫̫ˣûҺһ
Ҳ׷׿ڣŭΡ
ˡѹڶλ캣һ塢ΪĻԪǿߣȻͥаԵ֪ٶԡ



687 Ƽ
ʱǶ֧峤
ĬϢλԪǿ߷˿ȥһ졢ػʳ
ڵ֮ԣǲ漰ԪǿߣˡȺ۶ͶȺܸߣγ֮ơ
˭ݱܷâͥ
ǰҲ⼸СĿҵͣƽϡ
ǡڳһ
ҲȻܺܶ࣬Ͼ嶼衣
Ѳڤ֮£һλϳɵ
һ£ȻѲ鼴ɡ
ڳЩģոյ۲֮Իлص
ò˵Ǽɵˡ
ֻǰѲ飬ʱһķ־ڤͳεĺǡ
һ۾ͿǵĵģЩڣСˣ
ǡڳϲҷæӦ
´󣬺Ӱʧ
ûжãһɺ嫵ʶʼڰѲ顢һͳεÿһ
û֪һڳϡ

һ
۹㸺ֶ̬Щ
䲻ǰȻɵİϣǹءȴǼֵУġ
ȻһӰǰ΢΢һ
Σ۹ƽӣЩĵ
ص£һ塢һ嶼Ѿͬˡ˴ֹ
۹ͷЩЦʶȤ
£ƽ׼һȥϺһ塣
üͷ΢壬£ϺһΪҳϵļ֮һ¡
ǣͬҲ޷һ¡ҲǺõġ۹һЦ
ǡ仹̫ףȴҲûзԡ

֮һء
꯴ɫƽ˳
£һ̬ȡЩܡһλӰ˵
޷ɫ䣬Ԥϣ̫лԪǿ򣬲ǿƣǱ¶̬ȡԡ
Ǳߣ̲̫õġ
ĵĿ⿴򶫺͸šԼᶨ

ʱţŵ꯵˵жԽԽƽ
£ǿвʼѰڤ䡣
ǹͷ˰է࣬ǵĶӣ̶ʱ䣬ⶫӿ
ȻҪԭ򣬻̫ͥǿ
ܹһ㣬Ҳ򵥡
ͬʱٴҲĬĬЦ
ûҲ漰塣
ֻᵽգǻò˵ۡ
ŪյĶ󣬱мƻġ
УֲԵҲڷŭ
øСȻ˼壿䣬˿˿ɱ
常Ϣŭʱͥʱ򡣡һԣȻҲΪŭǿȰһ䡣
ģС񡣡޴˫У˼һһ
常ҵȸΰ죿СոѰҾڤϢ
忴岻ͥ׷׾ͷͥ˶ڿЦҲЩ
յ壬ʵĸ壬൱ĳӡ
ڣĳӱհˡ
ȴЩΪ
ǣ
С϶ᡣ
岻ðͥ
Եǵвмܹӣ
ܱ
˵ܱסĻҲûм˻š
ˣһǿֻɥʧģ¡
Ϊ屣ǣȴΥͥǿбȥ
ڣ屻յͬʱҲԹ壬֮ļ١
Ϊ岻ͥǰǡ
ǿҲֻڿЦ
ڻԪǿߵУֻҪͥɱԪǿߣǾûʲô̫ء
һܼȥδ棿
ĳҲ
ͷû˵
ѰҾڤ뿪Ȼ
΢漴ͷȷõİ취
Ҳ޶ԣС޿֡޼ɵҲǡ
ǰһˣʵ
Σó̬ȡĿһն
󾪣常򲻿ɡ
޷ɱҵģЩȻ𣬵ԸҲһǿԿ֮ͥġҡͷȻѾ⡣
ǵľٶ׽Ƽˡ
ȥ澡ʧ˵¸廹мĳϷ
ƫƫǲܶ꯵ˡ
϶ã֡
ͥǿ߿ͻ񣬵һˡ
ʱʹǿѹ£ȫսҲһҿԡ
һ˳裬óԼ̬ȸ忴
Ҳܸǿһͷá
Ǿֶȥɣ常Ϊ֧ˡ
㻹ȫ壬ֻȥáҡͷ
ֻǴۣǻߣǹϡҲΨһȫĴڡ
ֻȥø忴̬ȡġ
ģģҾԾʢȻԶ躹ޣǿһЩҲȫ㸸ʹֵ
ֹˣֻε常Сġ
ͷѰҾڤ뿪֮¾ͽˣһҪ졣
ǲߣЩСҲߵġ
ʱһʹȥ˳衢ó̬ȣǼΪҲЧʧ
¡Ҳǵıû塣
ŵͷȻãڤ¾һ鷳
Ϊǻͥ鷳



688 ٳ
ߵģ꯵׷ģܾͻһƬҡ
ͷֱѹȥ
Ҫڤһֱѵ꯵˵׷ɱ
ҼʹˣôͥΪеľڤڣһ¡
ͥԽץסڤɵӰԼȺ۶Խá
常ģֶһٶҵڤѹ¶˼
Ҳ΢΢һ̾һҲǳ˵꯵˵ļı
ǵҵڤ䡣
Ʊǿ棬Ҳںˣֻȷ¡
˵˼䣬ûֱͣ򳯸跽ȥ
Ŀȥһ̾ȫעǰЩʱڤڤǰĺۼȫ׷ǵ䡣
ҲǵµģΪ׷Ѱǵ䡣
Ԫ֮£ݣһᣬһ˿֣˳һ˿׷Ѱȥ
һߡ
䣡

ĺϣһʯ쾪ĺ޾ˮĻըһ·Ҫ𶯾ʮصʱĿ⡣
ţһβľ޴ӺһԾǿƺڲ
ûκΣհӴΰԼɽҪ緢ŭ޷ȥ
ĿΪ֮һǡ
ԪǿߡµͨʿһǾ˼׷
һŭڵƣҪȥķ򡭡
˲䣬ܶжƽˡ
ָϢ˷һЩԪڡֱӸ˹ȥ
һ򣬵꯰ĿԶȥӴ;ƣûκεġ
˿дˡ
ǶԽ󣬾ڤ䡢Խĳ
ȥķ⡣
һĿʧһд˿м
֣ʱ̶ÿһط
Įвɵ
ǡһӦٴȥˡ
ۼȥСԽӿ
˵жҲԽǿƱˡ
һ·֮Ҳûκ˵ûдӴ̵򾭹
ӿƣһ·ϺΣ·Ҫ⾪£ҪﶫʤʱֱɶϣԽͥ˵ָ߶ȡ
Ӹ߿зԾʤޣӿֱָǡ
ԽԽĿͶ
޽
˫ۣĮȻֱۣ۾˫ﴫ˲֪η
󣬳Ͽգ£ޱȵӿȵĺХɽ򳯸衣
֮նʼ
ǰһжǴеСҡҡ׹
ַͥΧں󣬲ûмԽǿơ
к춯֮ơ
Լܱ˶Ѿ֣Ȼȣû˿ľ¡
龰Խֲ·Ҫһ㡣
Ϊǳ衣

˵ڴУǲȴʯ쾪ҲڶϤǵ֡
֣ȴǬɵĪϡ
Ǻ󺣸µӿƣ˲Ϊ֮һ͡
ؼ˷ƺϰԵϢǴ粽С
һ̣ڣ˫۾˻ʹ
ٶȽޱŭըʡ
ʲôӦȵڶΪаԵѵͲһ𣿡
ƺƵصʣ֪Զ
£ؼһжޱȡ
ϢĮȻƽȴԵסǿޱȣ
Դģһλߣһλʱնɱͨˡ
ʱŭΪͥˣΪΪ
³ȫ㡣
䴦·㱼ȴãڸ߸ϵĸ
ͬʱһֻԼԼĴֲ֪Ӻδ֣һץȥȥץһһ㡣
һǸû뵽ôĶ֡
ŶԷֳֵķʽǸеܴ衣
ǻߣݺĻߡ
ûĶ֡
̫ձĲݡ

ţ׺ֱӳǴ֡
䣡
ǿײһ貵ĹâգҫһС
һ̣ĿУӴԶѹգвظơ
󲻸ʡص֮䡣
ԼԼĴҲɢˡ
ڶв¸壬䲻ͥҲݡ
նҪָ
ǿȶšȻ򳯸衣
Ѿ֮⣬ƴһս

ֲмְԵһ͸ָǳ֮˻ʵϿճ֡
գ۱㻮޾գݺײһ

ЩУǧΰһηԶ
ֱ֮ӷ顣

δ£͸ָȥ
Ҫһֻһ
ɡӲηսɡŭţʾٴγȥ
أ
һκƵ龰ֻڳԵƣ᲻ɴݵ۱飬Ѫ졣
ÿһѪ£;С·ɽһء

˿ûη壬ѪƱƵޣǸ͸ָ
ǰƣʱ̿ڶĿޱȣҲЩ
ͬʱ޽˫СҲӿֳһĨɱ⡣



689 ϵ
ڤڤУˡԯͬüͷ

Ȼϼ޻
ù²⣬Ǳ㿴Ĵ㡢Ŀġ
ҪԼǿмǿԿͥ
ɱ˶λԪǿߣаԵкɨµƣưµ˼Ҳûι
Ϊʲôڶǿ߼ʹеΣԣ֪ӦֶԿ̣ȴʼû֡
Ǳ˴֮ìܣű˴֮⣬ԭûһĴͷˡ
ͷҪΣգǰͥԿ
ˣȻûУΪ˭ͥɱͷˡ
ʱȻûԵͷˣ¡ȴЩơ
ȻǶ϶뵱ͷˣĿҲȷҪΪȷԼİȫ
ǿƣ֤Լİȫ
ľٶӰȴΪãȥЩͶǿĿ⣬Ǳ˵·˱仯
еһ˶Կͥģһеڶ
οڶڶơǿѹͥӦòɱ
һ
֮ƣȻնɱĽƵڶص֡
ƫƫڲɱΣҲ޷ˡ
һֶѭ
δٶϼ޻̶ȿ֪еϸڣͶ
ҲԿıƼˡ
ڵľٶɲ˵ûΣյģһĺҪɱɹʲС
ðΣȾٶҲһ޿κµķ
᲻Ҫɱ֣
˶˴ʱȴһֲȷĸоȻı󶯣˼Σмȷܹ׼ȷס
ڶüĿУ͸ָȻԶǿĵȫ֮
Ҳʥȫֲˡ
صǣһɱɱӿ֡
Ҫնɱ
Ȼͳͷüͷʱ׷׽Ҫս֡
ǿԿЦԿˣͥնɱ

쳹صУٴը죬޾飬֮⡣
Ѫȥ쳣ңҲĪеսӿĸо
˶˽üڶнԽȻתʱֵܳơ
УǵĿҲڱ˴˽һԵĬҪնɱǡ
ͬʱȫȶϢ޴ĿҲЩɲҪɱң
ѵոЩˣ
ŭ˵
˼һڤڤڶͶĿ⣬ƽ࣬ǿ߽ڣɱġ
˼δ£͸ָȻų貵Ľ⣬󣬰Եϳ֮ÿһռ䣬ѹȥ
Ҫɱң
д󾪣˫۷׷׵ɴڷתĸˣ
ԼͬĽ٣֮ⷽ䣬·ھʾʲô
ѾûʱȥںЩޱߵѹǵض
ٲȫԻᱻش
ͷļ䣬Ҳ˲ˣһεĺӿڡ
˲䣬Ʊǡ
֮ĺռݵĺ֮
䣡
϶ʮ˲ĺƺ˾ʮأ޷ݵײɨһС
һεޣ޿¶ᱻķѡ
ƱǵЩƣٴ֪ա
Ŀʱȴ׷׿˳ǣɵ֮ǣﵽߡ
ΪһεƣѾӳĶ
Ӱأؼ䣬ʱƹ֮ơ
ŭˣ
ͷС
˷ЩڵϢͬ׼˳ǣõնɱ
ǵĵߡ
ͬһʱ̣ûںƣ˼תȨס
ѾȫǿҲǿҶԵ˾档
ٳ֣ǿܿԳ棬ֹ
ʱ˼廹һЩǿߵĴڣӦûǲ֮Ͼ˫ڸͲ뿪ս
ûʲôĻ
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һЩȴ¿Ѿ£塢Ӱ죬ȴô򵥽ġ
ֻһʼ
˻ʹ޽
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690 顢̽
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СΪ͵һλ͵ء
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⼸ͥҲСС̽˼γȴûʲô
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Ƭֽ̣˼ŵͥ档
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Ҳȷںĸһֹƽ֮У˭ᶯ
аԵͥڶرչز塣
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Ŀ⿴˶ҲΨһĶ
Ϊ
˫΢УЩȷܵģеЩͬѰ
ܴ⣬ҸʱӴһˡ
Ϣ˾

ڶǿߣ˼ֹƽ
ÿһλǿߣһǿҵʶ
ҲЩ˲򲻵֮ʱǸЭ
ʱÿһλ֪أҲͬ˼
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ѡ˼ȴ䡣
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ѡУ̶ʱ˾޴ıʡ



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ոշصʱһλȥϢ޵֮ʿ·
ϢƮ죬еõ֮緶
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Ŀһ˫ǣһ򵥵Ѿö˷Բﺣ
䲻ǿҲһЩ򵥵춯籦â
漴ż־裬󷨲ȥ
ûдϲֱӿΪǿʶɨӽ󷨲
˲֪µʿԣܻڡʱ̱رġ
˳󷨲ܿҵڡ
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ûȵȶ˳׼
һ˿ʶСĴ󷨣Ҫ̽
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΢㶣漴衢Σһ˲۷壬ð
Ȼ㷢ǣǾݹҵˡ
ƽɶҪǿݺݴ
ҵĲһ˷Բʮ
ʿĿѣƴеֵ
䣡
Ĺɷײɴݿһʿķȥ
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ʡȻ򡢺ȵȽС
˻Թ޳ΪҪɱң
㷢ǵټֻɱˡУһƽ
Ƶӣոոûг֡
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β֪ոյһжǱƺõģ
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ʼˡ˵
˲һ̣ҡһ䣬һƬأƬཻĨʲô
ϢʧֻЩǽһƬ

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ѰҾڤͬĿһ䣬ٶһȥ
ʿʱ֮ϣǴڤڤռС벻ɵһɰϢ
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Ҳͬǲȱġ
ֻ޾֮һʿƬ򣬲֪ôģһ󷨡
Ȼһһ仰
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ڤڤкһµĿⶼ΢
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ûмڤʱ˿̼Ϲ쾵ķӦǿȷֵļˡǾڤ
ڲزסˣ
һߵȴʡ̩ʸʾָ̣Ȼλ֪Ǿڤ䣿
ʱһĨã̬ȸûһԻԪ֮ľη
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аƽţԣڤǲĺá
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̸ŭ̫оһԼڤϷˣĸо̬ȣǺû


693 ޳֮ȫһս
Щ˼飬λ׼ʥȻûһλԪǿ߷
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ɼŭкã׷ɱĸӼᶨ
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ͬʱҲø˸е桢ϷȤ
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޼ɵǸҽٳͥĺˣ
в̣ϧԪ֮߰ôܻڤͷεĶԹ


в̵ľٶܿʹ˿ڶϷ׷ӿ
ʮޱ֮⣬󲿷ֶǿϷĿ⡣
꯵ˣڤҲǸеЩꡣ
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ܹžڤµĺۼһ·׷٣ȴڶûһ
ֹǣǱҲˣһλԪǿߡ
ʱȥҲӦԲߣỊ̆ͬѹڤѷΧγһ
ڤλڤ֮ףԸλڤѳǵķҲ⡢һҪץסλڤ
ˣתۼֹʮգʮ޵ֱϮΣ˲ˡ
ȴȥڤڵļڤһѾƺõľڤء
֮ϣһԭº͵ϢѱΪ
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һԣֻһ߷뷨Ҳͬ˼ȡ
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ͷ常ģֶס
šӦѱչأ׼㸸֮£ϱ˺ͳǿҪ֮£ΡҶ˳֣Ҫ¡
ٴεͷ֣ޱȡ
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պͻȻ䣬꯵ˡȺüͷЩ֮⡣
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֪Ӳˣƴһս
ţٶȴǲڤڵĵط
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ããƽĺ棬Ӱƽվ·ڵȴʲô
ƿնϢ˿˿ɱΡ
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ѹֵĳ嶯Ŀһɨ˷ȵ֪СĪרŵȴƶ
ϣڤڤڤ
Ŀ⾲̵ĵûʲôı飬ˣڤ΢΢һ̾ϢǰȻ棬ϧǰ½ǴεᣬҪֵܾ˸Ͼɱ
ֵܾȻţȴҲ¾ֻǰһսˣϣл֮
ŭӿ޳ǶԷԼĹȴԼ˵ơˡ
ֱɶɱѴﵽǧδйŨ
˷ڤڤ֮УȾѾһˡ
ԣҲĸһ
˽Ҳã̵Ĳˡ
˶ԾڤĿ˱仯
ץͥĵ죬ɱԪĹϡĺ̵Ƥ֮ȵȡ
ڤȻͬѰһӵɾ;Բֹˡ
һԪǿӳѡ
οڸ̫ͥӣ
Ȼڤܹ˰ڿƵ̡̫ͥӣ϶ҲЩƵģΪڴ
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ƶͿţѹЩŭȵ
ǰԸҴǶڤĶšе˸
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ѵڤ׷٣ǿޱȡ
ΪǵĸԴȻǳƣڿڤڤסǵϢûԪǿ߶ֲˡ
֪Ǳ˴֮䡢ԴﵽԼЧ
ˣȻϢ
ΪԪǿߵ̣һžͿܱŪȥʼô˦ġ
ո׷ڤһ̾ͱΪһڤ
ֱټæϸϸһֱ׷ڤ
ҲΪֱǵĲͬ˲ʱ䣬ʼ׷ڤ
˸Դ֮⣬𾪵ģǾڤʵ
׼ʥڰ˲Σ
ǾŵµϢ׼ʥǿߣҲˡ
ڤȻȫ׼ʥڰ˲εʵ



694 ڤVS
ͥ𣬵ɾµһ֮
ߵӰԽԽͥ׼ʥĻ֣ӵģԽԽԼǿϿɡ
׼ʥȡ˸Ρ
Щֱ̫ףƺ̫ϵΣҲ
ʮ񡢴׵Ȼ֣Ҫࡣ
񣬾塢ȴڣڲиԵĽзҲϿ׼ʥ˲֮˵
ԼΧ۵ڶˣҲϿɡ
׼ʥڰ˲Σ壬Ǽ򵥵ģǻԪǿҲӡ
ͥУʮĲΡ
УǶ׵ĲΡ
İȲεǲ࣬Ǻ١
µһͥڴδ֮ʱмλӵʵˣ
λһ֮
µһڴδ֮ʱмλ
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˱ѣò֡һ㵭İɫâ˿ĸƽ
λǶԣ֡쿴۾󣬵˾䡣
û˻ӦɫȴĬϡ
ٶȾỵ̄ǵĿġ
пܣǲԯ˽֡
һֱ̣һԯȻ̩ʣ̫Сɡ
ԯ˫âָһƣŲãһսˡ
䣡
пռ飬ԯӰת۾ͽУʧ
䣬ֻоޱߵغڲ
Ƕλ̵䣬δ̫껵ѡдһڵ
룬鷢ڶͲ⡣
֡ҲǱȻ
ＸĿһۣȻá
ûжĻӰĬԶȥ
ǰһתһȥ
һɫ۵ûгɡƿոϡ
ǿλȥʣµʮλ֮䣬տ
һж򡡢ܻס󣿡һĹЩЦ֮⿴Ų򡣬ƺ֮ʲôԹ
ǿԡ򡲻Ų
ãԹÿ˽һȵ
˫һţޱߵĹ򡡣
һ㣬һǹ貵ͼ֣̼գֱӽǹɡ
ǿҵϣҪȥ
Ŀ΢ǳͼ
漴ЦһǳͼΣ۾һ⡣
ٵֿӰһâͼС
˶ԳƱҲûʲôӦڤ巽ۣӵдʵģֻһλ
߶λԪ澳ۣͬڤĻУλһ壬Ҳȷӵд۵ʵ
ʱһǿҲϰߡĬˡ
λԸ룿ƽ
ʮ㣬ǳͼ˵깴µıλƷ鱦
ʵʱסλͬǿߣԲ⡣
ĸҲ㣬һۣǳͼȥҾһ⡣
һ̣ǳͼͷ󲨶
ûнǳͼȶ棬ʣµˡ
ʥڵ֪λԸƶǳͼдһ
ûԥ˽ȥ
ٽȥһλΣ򡵭
׹ߣϷȫǣͿǳͼܷӶ٣
âһǳͼС
ҲûٵʥͼС
֮ǳͼ֮ʱסλͬǿߡѾǼˡ
˽룬Ҳǳͼָ˲٣崡
ʣ˿ۣ˻ڱ˴ϡ
һգһɫֱָ֣桢硣
ս
ƺƵɫƽ졢ƴ
ûжԣֺ桢硣
𣡡
桢ţҲԥһ档
ͦʣµĸƽǣǰһͼ
ͼĸĿжЩأ˶٣ƽͼȻһ֮ȴҲסˡ
˵ͦе
ӿ˽ͼǴ󣬱һټͼĸˡ
ĸƽȻԼ֣Ҫ롣
Ȼ
һӴȻĻ֣֮һ
֮
Ҳ֮䣬ĸľУͼѾֽȥͦҲٽͼС
ֻʣһͼתš
ԭʮλԪǿۣƬسĺϣȷģֻʣ桢֮ս
ԯ졢껡Զ롣
ǳͼͼա
黹ûӦǿ۵һս㿪ʼˡ
һֲ£
꯵Ҳеһơѹ֡
ŶദսȻһԷסˡ
Ҳûʲôɵĸо
ʱǿ߿ݣƷ鱦һԪ澳Сһ
ֻǶʱڵģƷ鱦ǿȴҲһļޡ
һҲǼ˵˵еġ
ʱ䣬Ҳȷ
ʱڣڤնɱ̣ǿҲֻܷˡ
һ㣬˷һлԪǿߡ
Щڻ᲻֣
ǲȷֻ²⣬ЩǿӦǴ̵ǿߴһĬٳ֡
ٶ࣬һСģ¾ҪĴսˡ
˫뿴ġ
һ߽Ÿս֣һߡ꯵Ҳš

ȷлԪǿߴڣͥһóƷ鱦ɵ֮ޱȵŨ
ֿǸ̳ˡ
֣оǴӲ֪δͶĵĿ⣬ѹ˳ֵ˼
꯵˲µû˫ڵȷһĬ
ǰĻԪǿԶֹʮһλͥǿҲֹλ
ȫ֣һŪáǾսˡ
˭뿴
Ծ͸ԳһЩˡ
ʣµģȻǱ˴ƺ⣬ͽʮλǿ
ЩǻԪ֮еĹʶĬԪ֮¡ûм˽⡣
󲿷ֶֻܾԶս̲סſ
֮С
ԯһƬҵĽ֣һ߶עž
̩ʣڤǱɱ֮ˣֺαǣ˵̩֪ɱ̵ĿġΪ⣿ЩЦ⵭Ȼ
ԯһն£
ǣڤأۿǱȴδز˴ڣ̩ΪΣ첻Ϊ⣬˫۽ԯЦһ
ԯĿһʲô˼˵㷢ʲô
ûʲôֻһЩ²ˣڤԩ޳ЩӦȥ׷ǡЦ
ԯ˫һĨɲ֮ɫƺΪĻ뵽ʲô
˿˿ĺʼתţȴҲͷ
ԯ̽Ҳûʲôջ
ڤۿҪɱ̡
ڤʲô
̫٣Ҳ²ⲻĶ
ܸоûô򵥡
ǳͼС
λԪǿߴսһţײ䣬ĽҲ˿١
򡣬ȻԶģա۾ͱ֮𡣡



699 Ԫɡת
У׺س򡡣
Ϊۣݼ뿪ڤ磬ǲ룬ǱӲѹƵģڤǿߣǿ߶Ըڤ߳ڤ֮⡣
ǰΧ̵Ĺһ壬巽ڱ֧š
ǻѳ˴ۣ飬һ塢巽Ҫ̤ڤĵһ
Χ̵УҲֻйһ壬巽Ҫġ
壬ȲѶΪ֮
ɴ˿ɼ巽۵Ұģ꣬ǻС
жľݣܸϻڤģҲǲ򡡣
ݶԹһֱǵڡ
Ŀⲻ䣬ݵĻ߶ǳͼ޾ǳ֮ݡ
䣡
ڶλǿײನǳͼգЩײ硣
ǳͼڵĿռ䣬ܲסλԪǿߵķײ
򡡢ʥְɣǶ˸סǣڤҲδؾնɱ̡
Ϊһȷ£Ըס𣿡׹ͳ
б¡ͳǳͼʱΪ˳ʿ֮򡵭Ȼڡ
ҵȲ֣ȴǱƵģλѡҲˣǳͼ˾ڤԷ䡣׹΢
ûӦǳֵȴСǿ˼֡

ͼС
ͦʵһЩĸڻԪ澳У۷ļλ֮һ
ʱ˿̣ĸϻƽǶˣȴͼС
˾ͼһ
ͦϣĸһʱ֮䶼ûа취
Զ
սȥͬļҡ
顢ɨ
ǿУȴܿһƴ
Ȼ˫û
סԷǵĿġ
桢桢֮սͬǹ
˫ȴҲƴȫ
桢Ӵŭѣ֮ǵء
ȴɫƽ졣
죬ÿһĶλƷ鱦
ǿɹأ쳣
Уǿᣬ桢粻ǰ
ǿܲסɫƽķ
ȻҲΪû
ȻǶҪ̣Ϊ˾̣ȥǲܵġ
ȫѾӡ
ҲǳͼС
Ҫƾһǳͼʱסλͬǿߣܡ
ֻҪһλͻƾ
ʮλԪǿһ߽֣Ҳһ߶ʱ̹עž
ʤҪ̵İΣҪ
ͬʱ
һٺ󣬲ǿĴս
У˸ӦĽ棬Ҳ𽥴ﵽ۷塣
ţ̷һΣһηֻ˺̵ܶʱ䣬һαѹѹȥ
ͼݻ̵һС
Ȼ󣬵Ԫǿվôġ
Ԫһ塢ȱ©
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䲻ɱܵˣٶȴǺ
˼ȥʤϡ
Ͼȴ󣬾ڤһֱȥҲ̫ܱ־á
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գһλݺĻԪǿߡ
Ȼλ׼ʥѹˡ
ĽֻһʱѹҲɨء
ӽԺھʮУλҲݺ½һء
գȴҲ侲˼ǰ
Խ˼ԽоеĲ
ӸԪȥ
һ֣һרΪɱľ֡
ڤһβŭ
ǾڤĿҲǹġ
ŭΪԪǿߵţһ˾С
Ψһе벻ͨǣڤΪʲôҪɱ
֮Թ޳
ۿ֮жԹۿ˫ûݶԹ
ڤΪۿɱ
ΪΣ
ؼɱģͥһ
ɾڤͥŴ𣬲ݡ
ڤǰͥ
ݴǼٵġǹġ
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ȥͥ˭þڤɱԼ
üȫȷ
ʾڤȴݲ׾ڤ˵ʵ
Ũɻת˼ţȻһ˲䣬һԱϢΣոϮȫð
ӦֻһΪϸСĽɫâ·һ룬һʹķֱӺݺĴ֮С
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Ӳһ£˫۵ɴǲ˼顣

䣡
·˿ӵǽƷֵס޿ײѹ
̼䣬ɽ鱬ѹÿһط

һѹһеһݣû˷֮
һеһھѹ£һּٶš
䣬ԲĴˣ
ĿԱŲ˼飬ԼĲʡߺޣת۾ʧȥһĨʡ
ˣΪһеĺ¯µһУȻȫ˴һط
硢һƬž
䣡
̴֮ʱѪɫȻը졣
ըؼһƬ
֮ѪȻ¡
һɱʮȥ
Ԫˣ
졢ȵȵĴڣɫһ䡢˾
ȡɵŭȵһһӿ֡
ڤɱ̣
ôܣ
̫ˣ
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Ҫ˵ڤҲûô̵ʱնɱ̡
ڤˡ
˼ӿȴòʲô
ԯҲһ漴һϲ
һλԪǿ䡣
̳ưµ谭Ҳһݡ
һǿѹϲãԯ˫Ѿɱ⣬ȳڣɱ
˵ͬʱӰȥɱȻ
ɱȴأ֮ϼ鶼ˡ
껡ȵҲ¶֣ɱڤ
ڤ˿նɱ̣ȻǼ֮
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һ̣Ǳԯǳˡ
̩ʣٹΣһԯ
αôżգٶȿľˣһЩȴǼľ룬ͬʱˡ



700 ֤Ԫ
䡢ŭҪɱ档
ȥĲ򡡢ʥͦˣֱӱĸס
黹ûӦ˫عϵ㷢˵ת
ͥǿˣΪͥǿ
졢ȾҴնɱڤԯһƱƵһòͣٶȣȥһ֮
Ŀɨһ۸ս˲ŭɱڡ
޵Ȼոҵȣҵȵս⣬ȻˡϨ
ͥλѻҵдһɡ첻ŲֺɣĿĺȷסԯ
뱣¾ڤĪۿڤ᣿ŭȵ
ˣֻǶ겻֣ղŵһƣȤֺαżһʱڵ
ָͥǿ³Ҳûʲô¡
ϵУǿ϶Լڤìܸ
ոǱͥǿأս֡
һʱͣҲ
ʮλԪǿߣ֮䣬̶ֳȱȸղŸһЩ
꯵˿˿ĿأҲЩ⡣
û뵽ոջҪ̵ǿתۡҪնɱ̵ľڤ
ݹǲòȡ
˵Ҫԭ
Ŀ̲סĿڡͷŻᷢһĻ
Ϊ˹ϣ
ѲʲôĿģ֪Щʲô
Щڲг֡
ʱҲûʱǶȥϸ롣
꯵˳ˣһٶλ׼ʥǿߣ֡
ƣһλԪ澳ǿߡ
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ʣµȻҲھķϣҲû̫Ч
꯵Ŀ򡡢ĸ˵ս
ǵͨǴġ
䣡
ĿУͨƫԶȥĸǴǱܿನ
ոһҲǡ
Ȼţôܾôɣ
Ԫ֮ҵɱڤߡ俪ڣ⵱յ׿˵Ļ֮䡣
漴˫۵ɨսæ䵭⻰λӦöвߣٳһԣġҲԡ
صȴڶԪǿĿ¡
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ûʲô׿˵ǻˣȴܲǿǡĳ֣
հձ˴˫ĬûɻԪǿ߳
Ҳ׿˵˲лԪǿ߶Ե꯵
ԯˣЩ꯵ˣЩء˫Ĭˡ
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ˣΪ˾ڤȫ˹ءĬ
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һӦУһٶλ׼ʥǿһͬʱ֣ݺݺ
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˲߾ҪײһͻȻϢ࣬ԭһĴҲ·ȱһǡ
ƺǾΪ˰죬ڤҲΪնɱ̶ĺܴʵͣ´
ǵȴԴת⡣
âʢ꯵˵ĳԿ
䣡
𶯣ˮڶĿ⣬ЩڽֵĻԪǿߡ
ϣǿǾͿ˴
Ǳһǵľ޷һٶλ׼ʥеȲεǿ߶Կâ˲٣ϢҲٴμһЩ
ûԥ꯵ٴγֹ
಻һʱںܶСƺѹԪս
Ծһеġ
ܿ죬һʮĹȱľҡҡ׹֮С
˭ܿóǵֵ˶ˡ
̼䣬ԯɫһ䣬Ŀһ¶Щ֮ɫ
ԪǿҲٶЩɲ
졢նɱڤԯȳ
꯵Щ⣬ҲûѯʣƸǿ˼֡
ͬʱƺʲôֲĴڡ
𶯣һֻɽĴֲ֪Ӻδһ
֮ǿһѹ˳졢ԯ֮սս
֮ɡ

ֻּپʱһϵ̾Ϣ
һֻ޴ޱȵצͬʱУֻ
ʡҶ˳֣֪Ҷٺϵ͸Щ
ʡ˺ˣ˵߶ĴЩ⡣
ͲʼǹˡӺϣû˿֮⡣
˵ǰľڤûȫһεļֵ
ڣˡ
Ȼûп⼸ء졢ǷǷʿܹһɾ͡
䣡
Ȼڷ˻˵ЩʲôЩλ߶ֵʱһĹӾϡֱ
ƺƵӰ֡
źƵǿе徴η
Щ׼ʥǿɫԴǣ֮ˡ
֤Ԫˣ



701 һĿ
֮Сʮط𶯡
һ˫˫ĿͶ򶫺֮ϡ
ϣѪɢɣˡ
ΪԯȣΪηˡ֣
ڤС֤Ԫ
̶̵ʱڣ𾪡
ϲȻԾڤá
֤ԪͥУȻ
ҲǲĿȱ
˵ɾһλԪǿߵľڤʵ桢Ӱͥ÷棬Ҫ̡
ôһ룬󲿷ֶԾڤĲãҲʧˡ
лԪǿߡ޻Ԫǿߵ
лԪǿߴڵľڤǴ󲿷˷̡
ᣬȴʵȻ̭ԹŽǡ
ԯˣҲˡ
ֻЩɵǣֱǶ֪٣
Ƿ֪ڤ̶ʱ֤Ԫ
ſڴͷġ
жһݽ䱸ȫɱӿԯˡ
ԯҲ֪ǲȥġ
ΪڹĬ֮ڣԯ˲
Ҳԣּɱ
նɱڤ֮ġɡ
治ȥߡ˵
ʺβԵһ
ߡУֻջأһ̡һָûйڤֱָһ
ȻȤǱʾСЩ
УһֻצӺ֣Ǹָײһ
ͬʱԪεĹȻг֣ƺҪľ
û뵽ҲҶˣȻˣϷС
˴ۣдд衣
һϡһϢ
Ӱ֣סĻԪ
ةࡢڤӡ
桢˴ĿҲûʲô취
ͥԪǿǶ࣬˴Ҳһ࣬ʮλ
ɺĸĻԪǿ߸࣬Ҳࡣ
Ƕ˸һ֣˳ء
¾ͥԪǿ֣߳ҲԴԴϵǿء
ǵԳ֡
Գ֣¼ġǾʮлԪĹͬˡ
˵ʵ߸ϣ¡
Ҳ򲻵֮ʱߺ֮ʱ׳֡
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ó֮ʱ˭Ҳû顣
ײ䡢춯ء
ͥʮλԪǿߡš
Ψе꯵ˣûȥǡ
ҲĹءĬû˸ȥơ
꯵ҲĳȫȱʧһǡҲ治ô׾ͱƵġ
ǹ죬תۼ䡢Ρ
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桢ɱ⡢̽ȵȽС
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ΪӵõЩ˾ǣΣʱǾͲߡžӸ¡ӵ̬
ĵڶԪڣü
ǡڤһЦŲȲҵֵܲߣλ̫ӵ£һΣ
Ѿûʸˡԥ
У濹ڤҡͷ֣ص
ʱ꯵˫бɱ⡢ӿȡ

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̣ŭյĵ꯵ˣҲǾ
ߴʬ壡
ڶոյڤûɵġִҪնɱ̣ڤ֤
ǲΣգͥҪߴʬ塣
Īڤ˿ٵ֤Ԫʬйأ
ˣڤ
Ҫɱ䣬£ʱ֮
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ڳĽǻ۶֮ܿ뵽һ㣬üͷ𣬾󲿷ڤĿУ˼ɵ
ˣǿ¾ڤͻռԪʬ壬ǡҲھڤҪնɱĿ֮С
ص˼ҲһЩ
ͬʱԯ˵ĿУƺһĨ뵽ʲô
Ψ׹˲¡
мΪá
ǸոлԪǿߵҪƲǣºôˡ
ǻˡ
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ٵЦ֮ûпڣֻǾš
ͥûôͬ⡣
ȻУ꯵Ҳ뵽Щ
ЦһѹµǣЩ֮̾һڤ֮治С
ڤ֤Ԫ¾Ϊ̰ɡ
ʾ䣬ȴƶڤ˵ʲô˳ЦҪʬ壬ҲΪ˼֤Ԫȱñ̾Ϊֹ
ֻǲ֪֮ЩԪǿС˭ǵһĿꣿ



702 
һ䣬֮ϣȻ

һĿҲ·һ㣬Ĵڤ
ʱ˭
̾ǾڤĿ꣬ǹµľ֡
֮أ
˵ûǿԪʬͻƣǾڤ;Ȼ
֮ЩУ˭ǾڤһĿꣿ
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񡢱ȵȵ
ĸĻԪ澳ֱӰ֣ͥڤ˼
ڤɫø֣࣬صǰ飬ֻһ⣬ҲҵֵԸ
־棬ɾҵֵ뿴ģȲѡѰһˡ
ο¾Уҵֵӵһд£
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ϵУĿ⿴ŵꯣ˭֪Ƕ˵ġ
Ĭϵȷǿ̴ӶͻƵ֮º󣬱⡢֤ڲٻԪУЩš
绰ԣھڤջܴ󣬵һʱԸģ
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µĻԪǿߣͥĲ㣬߶һӪ
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ֵͥ˶ԿͥˣǾΪУ
ʱǻܻã
Щǵģơ
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704 ޵ľڤ˼ӿ
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706 ĺݻ
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ңʵ˲١
Աߣοˣû¾ͺá
ֻĻЩĸо
׵Щҧгݣⲻ֣񡢺ȴࡣ
üͷ壬Ǹ²⡢ԽԽˡ
ȥ£˵ϻŹȥ¡˼濣˵
ǡһλŮӦȥ
գգ۾ҲЩ棬ǲࡣ
ϾĸоУٶ꣬Ǻܿ졣
ں棬һֱЯǿơ
Ĳ֪
͵ꯣֽݺѹĵ⣬һӶ˵ʡ
һһͺˣԸôࡣ
˻ʵԸŮ֮ԡ
ûԥͿڵ½Ҫ
һ٣üͷײһ£ջ˸ղ׼Ҫ˵Ļ
½޽
ǡԸӦ첽ȥ
ҹ
޽УůУǴ˿Ц⡣
һԣ濽Ц˵Щʲô
ǴŵЦ⣬һֱŸŮԲ
õܸоЩ졣
׵Ŀ⡭
ûжãŵ濶Ȼعɣĸл㸸˵
գգ۾ףġЩ֡
ɴûе޽ġ
Ĵ۾һµº͵ȥɡ
ǡĸ濶ˡ񾲵ظһ񣬹ɵ뿪޽
Цʧŵ䵭
ûڣϣЦݸ˼ּδй֮⡣
΢۽ǲײһкλҪ˵
޳ĽźɫװԽĵǼ͸Ӻݻ󡢾ˣޡŵ



707 Һƽ⡢һ֮
ᶯ˵硢
Դʱ쳣ᣬûʲôֻǳ檺þáû̷ˣա
һĨϸ𣬵ףһ߸˼㡣
ͬʱѾ˵ߡ
˫ͫ͵һȡ⶯һһ
ִδйĸо
£δŮ̬ȶ
ǵһҲǵһξ
ջ
ԷϷޡΪһһŮ̬ȴûж
һɵĻȡûпѹ£ȼա
²ͼ˼ͣ˴롣
˿˿£ǵ濶ջȥɡ
Ƿһ˫ַ˵ϣǿѹеľɬԽߵ濶ôˣûûµģ檻δ޽С̷أ
˵ţץŵϵ֣΢ɲز
Ŀֱ˫ֻۣһӴԷ˹ȥ
ǹ⣬ôΣҲǾɡ
ȻЩЦ£Ȼܿԣ߻ħ֮ġ
ô޷ҲΪ֮ˡ
Ҫʲô
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¡
δй˿˿Ĳ
˼Ҳٶ룬ǿưԵرڶԷ˿ĿСȥ

ţһط
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ԽԽã
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Щûɡ
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񡣡ϡж˼ºͣһֱͽܵĴ֮ˣܻȡε֮һ
лʦԪ˿˿羴Ŀŵ
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ʦԪеѪ춯ǷҪˡԪԺֱ˵Щ˷֮⡣
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Ԫҡҡͷֱֻ֪оˣҲöʮꡣ
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˵˼䣬Ԫȥ
üͷ΢΢𣬷ʮꡣ
桫
Ƕ֮
öˣ
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ʱҴҶ¶ʮա
̵ؽ粻Զһǿգǳҫ
ȻһŲ֪졢ȻſһֱСģǳ
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ԭȡ֮ģһֻ޴ޱȵǿվޣޱߵɽΡ롢ΰ
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ѷˣҵҲͲˡ
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˲䣬ǰԶǿմ䣬Ƭ֣ΪмһƬΪ嫡
ֻǿվֶٶȼ죬ķ·ƬǿգΪǵ硣
ڤ
ǳһȻӲǳ죬Ҳһʱϳˡ
ΣдҪƬص֡
мƬأ˲Ϣ֮Ѿ֣ƬΧƺƵγһƬء
һ̣ΧʮŶ֣ɴ󡢽һƬ֣еĶƷ
ٴγ֡
ڡ
𣡾ڤɱɵǿվŭλף
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ֱӱ֡
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һȻĻԪǿߡ
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ǿվ޴ŭˣɱᡢ˵Щᣡ
ʲôһ֮
Ҫ


708 Ԫ
ڤЩʵŭ
Ҳûǰ˵˵Ļ
ˡҵֵܾͲˡڤ嵭ºЦ
䣬µơݱޱǿѹӣƺƵ£ÿһռ䣬ѹǿվޡ
𡫣ǿվŭǳУһǳ飬ȴǾЩѹ¡
ǿϢҲʮŶγɵĶ֣˲
ͬʱǿվеķҲˡ
Ӵޱȵ壬ޱߵѹȥ
ڤɱɵ룬ΪΪУǲ˶á
䣡
ŭӣþƣǿŶķ
ǺǣѾͲصˡڤЦº͵ǿվһ壬֮£ǳ졣
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ǽѳɵǿǶԿͥǿƻŭʵ򶨻ɿ
ΪţǲǣֻҶǿվһ֡
ʹзŭҲȫ׷ɱҵֵܵġ
ϾͥڣҵͥĶԹ֪
Ƶº˫Ѿ֪ٴεײ
ûж֧֣ȴȶԸʱǿٵľȻﵽһ۷塣
ǿվ˼΢㶣뿪ڣͷѹһķѹ˻
ҲѴȥ
д󺧣Ķ֡
Ҿڤ֣Ȼ˼ǡ
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ΪڤɱǿҲǿΪͷ
ǿеһԱ
ڤǺĻͶԼǿվһ塣

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ֻǿ̶ʱεײף³岻
Ӳˡ
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𡫣
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ڤ̾˶Է˼ЦҲƶ۷壬Ʋɵ㡢ٴǿƵĽѹƽӴ
·ˮΪҵײ
þơɵĶɽѣöҲ
֪˶ãǿվӴѹס֮ʱ
ЩҲ˶ķǿ֮С
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һ֣ǳ켸طĿᶯֱӰʧ
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סȫԿĴֱӱĽɫâݺݴ̽Ĵ
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ǿվ޶е˼֮ȫɢ
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ǿվޡ󡢾ڤӰǳȥȥ
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áɱȵȵԽԽǿɫϡ
һڤȻðͷһֱѹǳؽĵЦһ漴纣׷ȥ
ڶĿ俴ţľ衣
ڤɱǿվޣӦּɰɣ
ϢҲλԪεǿվޣŭ
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𣡣
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ڡڤɱһֻʧȥǣԾڤɱⳬκˡ
λȻȥʣµǿû׷ȥġ
ۼǿԽԽ࣬˳ڵڤǴֵ󣬲ͥǡ
Ȼѡǿվޣ˿֣
ǵǷǷ
ǵȷǸҲ̲ס֤ݾλѡҵȵĹϵҪһЩˣڤٴγֵġ쵭ڣĿɨһЩˡ
϶𡢶ķԪЩԶĴڡ
е˼ԣڤҶе˳֣ȴǸҶ֡
ǿվ޾õӡ
϶ȴڻмһˣƽ޲û
Ҳ⣬֪λΪζԴǾڤ
һ䣬ֳЩ
Ϣڣ˵ΪžڤԽǿǵĵҲֵĿꡢҲһתǡ
ɱ˰ɣֻɱ˾ڤܱµİȡ
뾡նɱڤ
ͬ
ȻǸɱˡ

ϣһڣȫҪնɱڤ͸żɵ
ڤǿվޣǿվ޻Ԫβżλ
һ죬Ŀתǵġ



709 ٴγ
˵ǰȷûǸӣ
ȷˣڤҲǡ
ʵǿһǸӡ
ߡۻã߸ģҲЩɵ
澳Ͳһˣ̡ǿվ˿ȥ˼λĴ⣬ûһλевеġ
ܿ죬ڳ󲿷ֻԪ澳ˣһִǿҲǡ
նɱڤ
Ŀⲻɫɨһۣ΢ࣺãȻҶѾǾʹڿʼһ־ڤ䣬ȫɱ
ڶĬĬͷ
ڵҲˣǷȫȥѰҡ׷ɱڤǲܵġ
ϾڤֵĶվһȦӵġ
ʵ޵Ǻ棬ڤΪôնɱλѵģһУΪĿڵ
ڶ˼͸żɵء
㣬Ҳ˼⡣
ǻԪ
վںĶһεĴڡ
ȴڤԾ˵ٶնɱζˡ
ڤлҲͰˣ𾪣Ҳ벻ͨϾŶһд
ƫƫڤУҲһλԪǿߡ
Ԫôɱˡ
ѵ˼ǣ
ûʲôֻǲˣڤЩذȻ
ڶһء
ûٿ˵һλһλȥ
һλԪǿ䣬Ǹе𾪡Ȼ²ؼҲ
ڤûôױץģ⣬λǿվ޻޹ڵ˭֪̾ʲô
ϸܡ͸űѪ֮Уԭ۵ĻԪǿ߸ɢȥ
Ͳƽ£עӵİӿ
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̫ˣ
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һ̣ϵķӿһɹɽȻͬԴ컯г֡
ÿһԴǿкݻʲôħڡ
ԪһϢӿ֡
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ۿϢ³ЩԴŷָ
ǰһݷݵıǷָݡ
һɢؼ䣬һݼ컯֮С
ЩɫȻһЩڴ
ǿһʱֻ֪Ӧԣ

û˲£֮УһЩطı仯
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޹ص˴̵ǳؽ磬ء
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ǹŭ⡢ɱ⣬ΣĸĻ纣÷츲ء
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һ·ıܹ飬ѰǵλǿվޣϢ˺ء
ֱ򶫺ȥ
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δ䣬ǡǿ֮ʱǿһ벻ֹƲɵк
ޱķ˲𣬻ƽ˫ͫ׺ݺһ
м֤ˣ
У㳲ֵѹ
ͬһʱ̡
磬һȫµĻԪⶫ֮ϡ
ʱ֮𶯣ʮ𶯡
ڶǿ̧߱Ŀ⣬򶫺
һЩǰ
ھڣƽҲӦˣһĨ֡
һΡƶӣ
ϧ㿴ˡȻ
һ˲䣬ʮҲɴϢˣֱӼ˾
ǹѹǿң䡢ͽƽǵķѹڣ䶨ס
ƽȴ˿壬ٹһǿߵ
ڤӲˡ
˼ոһĨƺԪ
Ϥĸо𣬾ոճ֣Ȼֹ
еһСȻ顣
䣡
磬»ԪĶڼԪĶǿƲ˽ȥ
ʮأѪ꽵¡
ڶڡ飬һ
лԪˣ
ľš壬ںؼط
޵ǿٶȸ죬˷ǿҲࡣ
ϣڤ޶ԣɾϤ˲ʰһУҪȥ
ڤ
Ȼһը죬һǿԶٶֱײ˴Ƭա
ڤһۣû˿ŵ˼һŹâ֣̺һɼΪµ
ԭسһռѺۣڤŹâԥ߽˿ռѺۡ



710 ô
ɫֹŲæ顣
һ˲䣬ǵǿΰӰ͵˿ռѺ۱ߣȴֹסΣ˫ޱȵĿǰռѺۣûһҪ̤е˼
˿˿ľзΪ֪
ͨ纣ͨ
ߣ
л֣߳ڤ
ոգﵽ߲εصų⣬γֱ纣Ŀռͨ
˭
Ǿɲɵޱȡ
ڤˣлɣһȷ
˭
ҴʱΪɱһƽǱ¶
Ϊʲô
ֻۣǰԶĿռѺһպϡ
һġ
Ϊ塢Ǵǿߡڶչص£һҲ
ھɲУΧĿռ䷢һ
ǿҲˡ
һλλ
֮ϣ˷һλԪһȺ󵽴γΪƵļ
һλλɫ˫з⡢ɵɱ⡣
ƬתۼͺƱ
ɲޱȡ
Ҳĺܡ
û˿ڣѾʧĿռѺ۵ط͸ͨ鿴ոյ
ԽǵɫԽɱŨᶨ
Ǻܾãգ֮䣬˱ڤǳ˻Ҷҵ֡
죬뾡նɱڤ˿ڣɱȻ֮ǰǿ֮ʱȻͬ
ޱȼᶨȻ
ɱڣ򵥵ֻͬļᶨ
һΰĺ־ⷽݺᡣ
͸ͬһ˼ɱ
նɱڤ
ƽ֮սǵĵߣٲ̡
һĬķķռ䣬ƬնҲȦӵǿߡ˳ȥֻԶš

ڤѾλԪ֮һο»ֵλ
λԼʮŶ飬ۿҲǺˣеľɲ˼ûһ˿Ļ⡣
ľڤҲȻѾȡ
λԪλ׼ʥڰ˲Ρ
ܿ죬ҪλԪλ׼ʥڰ˲Ρ
һ£ĵλԪ澳Ѿٲִһս
ڤеλȻǸոͻƣ϶һս
ǻλİ֣оҲЩ̾Ĵ󣬻ʮŶ㼫Ʒ鱦
ܹһս
۷ǵȴۣҲδκǡ
У˵ľڤѾɳ
Ǳӵĵز
ٶȿľˡ˼顣
׹ǸоЩ㱡
һλûָоھˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ڤȻҡȻѡΪС
ڳǿУ澳ӼɵĬϡ
ڤɳǿǲɷϵʵ
д󲿷֣ѲǶ֣ǾڤҪֵĿꡣ
նɱڤһģ޺ǣǱλߡ˭쵭Į𣬻͸ء
ֳһţλߡ
ڤ뿪ģ
Ƕѿǵʱ򡢾ڤҲûʱȥĨۼ
߸ֱͨ纣
ڤɡ
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711 ˶ŷ
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αȵǲ񣿾ڤոնɱ˻ƽǵѣǷȷ֤ݣ㻹벻ϣкã
֤ݣʲô֤ݣڵ顢ʲô֤ݣһɺԣҪҴ̿ս𣿡һº͵ʱҲ쳣ǿƺͱ䡣
¹ش̣ҲòˣϾľǴ̣а



712 Ծǰ
սһսкηĵĿֱӷˣ˿ûʾԾȻ֮ơ
ΧһЩд𣬵Ҳûһֳ
µ񣬲ΣڱϣҲٺˡ
־ֻǸЦͥӵ޼ɵ
Ŀһ죬֮⡢֪ﵽһ۷塣
ãʹȻȻͳȺۡҪҴ̿սʾĿԴһЦЦĿ졣
ͥаԵնɱͬԼƵµΪС̹Ǻ˻еĳ֮⡣
ҪҴ̣㻹Сɵǿơ
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ˣ͸㿴֤ݣ㻹кɽƱ磿
һԣĬ֣˿쳣ԵϢ֣һӷ·Ƭصģһ˫˫ĿԿ˹ȥ
ˡһ
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713 
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˵ʲôԭȴҲ˵֪Ӻδ˵
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ǲ֣Ҳֻܰˡ


714 ΨһŮԺİ
ʱȷ˼Щ⶯
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һԣԸ߰ȻܵЩʣҲȥ
Ц𼸷֣ζģȵӸӡΣգһЩ¡Ҳģ



715 ûоٶĲ
ȸɫһ࣬鲻Խеһɳء
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ĸ׷ǲٵİġ
ԪԡĲϻ𣿡ֵжЩǡ
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֮µӰ죬ʵ̫̫󣬴󵽳˵
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ûһλԪǿ߻ƽġ
Щڲƽôƽˣ
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ʥ
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εģһָ˵ڻԪ֮䴫˿
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ڶԪǿ߶յ˸ָϢԼ뷨жϡ
ͥ᲻֪ıࣿ
㲻ȷǻƽ糣
ûš



716 ԪԵİ취
ǿ¹ͥư֮·ɹҪڡ
һǿƻǿ߸࣬ͥư֮·Ŀԡ᲻ɱıС
ͥӦǿ϶Ԫӵ̬ȣƽ
ԽţͥԽƽ
ڶԪھԽƽ
ϵͬӦ֮ߵͬʱҲֻͥ
ȻѰҾڤ巽桢Լĸ˵ȵȣڶҲûз¡
ӰڿŰÿһط
º
Ԫԡص˲ɽ
ãĿų谮ȴЩεĿԪԣһ̾Ϣȸ߷ŭԪƺʱ붯ֵĿЦ˰ˣҲҪԪҲˣԼѡǺ¡
šԪԱ֣ϡͬͷ۾ֱֱſΪ
Ŀ΢ݺݵһԪԡ
ԪԲӶʱܵһֺǲ׶˵˶ԡ
Ŀ΢У΢ˡ
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ˣˡϵЦŨĿ⿴ԪԡԪԣǵۡеı£ôã
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ȸΣ̲סֺݺݵһԪԡ
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Ҫֵĳ嶯
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ԪѾͥû뿪ͥ˼ͥǿƣҲǿ
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֮УԪԶԵšֱﵽ޷˵
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ΪӣȷԸ
ص
ȫǷ˹
ӦԸſԿǳΪӡ
ȷ߼
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ȸԪԣȸĿⶼ΢
С쵰
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治ΪԼķʲôá
ΣǴûôһӡ
ɵġ
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ԪԵͷԺԼķ
ûڴ̵£Ԫһʱ䣬ȥͥ
ʱ仹Ƕ̵ġ
ԪǴ̵ˣȷ˳ʱڷ壬ֻѹ˲ᡣ
Ԫԣԥһûнָоȸ˵
Ϊá
ʹȸ֪ˣҲûκô
Ŀɨأӯӯһ̾
ϣǰɣ

ʮѹֵɣʮʱתۼţ΢
췢һ
һǧ˰ٰʮ굽
ԭ쳣ƽ£
ΪǰһεԾʢ¡ǰˡ
ĺԼʮֻҪӵһ˿Ѫ飬׷򶫺ӿȥ
Ƕԣһ˵һĻᡣ



717 ƻ
ĻԵ컯
ȴĻᡣ
ֻҪǱΣգʸԾŵ飬򶫺ӿȥ
ĶͻĿ⡣
οơ
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£ԾŶ塢Щһ塣
ͶĿ⣬ࡢ֣ءӡ
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ٴμ˲ٲͬѰζ
֮£Ȼϲûʲô֪жĿⶼͶ˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ж˼ڲΪ֪š
Ծ֮ÿһգǷݹվԽŨһ֡
¡
ء
ۿɼģԾŵĿĽ䱸Խܡ
˹ĿһһĨü֮ⷺ
Ϣһ˿Ϣ򶫺һطȥ
ʱһƽĺ˿˿Ť֡
·һռ֮У˿ӰһӰ
ѣ֪⣿ƽڡ
Ӱɫۻ۷ЦݣϢ쳣ǿᣬ졣
һЦŲѣµֺαؼƽ
ʲô˼üͷһ壬
ȻһЦҲЦˣҲǳ飬ͥƴǶ֣㡢Ҳδ̫Ȥˡ
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ЦݲˣȻѲԸ˵Ǿ˵
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ɵĲϣҲգŵǣѡΪͥ͵Ծ˳𣿡
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Ƭ̣ѾҪ˵ʲô
Ц⣬ȻûȷĲ룬ҲĬˡ
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¶ЦݣĬˡ
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ء
ջĿ⣬˳˼һᣬĬĬת
˿˿ת
˭˭ܡδ֪
һƺЩ

ʮ֮⣬ĺֻ֮С
Ŵ˵еİ˻֮ء
Ϊ˻ģ
ǿĴڡ
һʮذĴϣ쳣ۺ
֮¡Ѿȷ׼ˣ
Ȼ׼ˣһʧ
屻֮أҲûкô롢Ŀ⡣
ߣҪ⣬ЩڡһŹǡ
ΣƣҾͲš˭Ƕ֡
õĻᣬܴ
ţɡ

һƬϢЩͬȴͬޱߴϡ
һ˿ΪĺɫϢƯš
Σ֪˶ãһ쳣ƽ͵
׼ãʱжһ̣ΪСһĨ·ѱ
ţȥɡƽ
漴һİ·ûгֹκζ
֪˶ãֺ꣬һ˲䡣
ƽ͵ޣૣԡ
ˣġҪˡ
նԹһһʵ㣬˭ҲӲˡ

Ŀ⡢ļ֮У¾Ծ֮ڡٿ·һգۡ㵽ˡ



718 Ծ
һǧ˰ٰʮ¾ա
򰵵Ŀ⣬ԼƺѾǡС
һԶۺ񡢲ָ߰Ȼ䲻֪ӺʱҲ֪Ӻε

̼䣬㴫˾ʮء
ϣϲ궯Ϣ֡
֪ӶңԶͶڶĿ⣬׷׸˼֡
һֻ̣ǳУһɫĹâߴӴ֡
תۣγһľ޴Ż

𡫣
˴ĺ֣壬л۵塣
羴ȵȵӿ
ЩУɫŻϵǴ󣬺ûмһ㣬ߡ
ϵϢֱʡ
š
ΪʧܵİĽ˵áʵǿ
Ҫԭ֮һš
ΪŵĴڣԵõĺ֧֡
ǿԼ
ӰΪĴԾšǺָʢ֮һΪ֮ĺô
ʱڲǴţڶĿ⾡Աÿȡ
ͶڶĿ⣬ҲǷ𲨶
šǺжı֮һ
ʮϢɢ޾ֹͣǴ󣬲Ҳﵽ˸߾ǧŰپʮɣǧʮɣ֮䣬·㲻ࡣ
⻹ֻıģ޾£ûоͷܹͬʱս
͸ֺͣһƬžֻԽӻȵĿ⡢ƺҪȼһС
ſԵߡԿɿԽ
Ϣ󣬲Ϻصڶ֮ϺƵ֡

𡫣
⻰ΪĵսģʱһеĻ
ֺиӿҵҪѿһ㡣
Ȳǹ󺣣ܴݻһС
ûжĻУ˶Ŀޱȣٶ˵
ſһɫâ³š
ͬʱڶǿ߷׷׷޾ŵر޾ǿȼգӿС
ŵĹâԽǿʢҪһС
һЩáȴޱȾ޴ӰС
䣡
ûκԥѹƣ·𶯣һ㣬Ǿ޴ޱȵš
ߴɵľޡС糾飬һ̣ƴ
𵴡𵴡
޾һ棬ǿ߲ࡣ
ǹҲвɵֵ֮⡣
Ծʼˣ
ޱ𺳵һĻڶ֮ϡ
ֻǷŵ飬ٶԽԽ̶
˵˻𣬴Ųʡڴ쳹ء
飬ոճϢͺһĪѹֱѹ飬һѪʧ
ÿǰһ㣬ͺһ仯
漴ӷĳǰ
ǶԣĻԵһƴĵ·
˷ڶĿ⾲ۿţٶЩ
ʼˣ
ء
Ӧ׷ڳٴа㡣
һС
治֪ʱĿţһƲƽ
ġҪ
ǣǡ
֮ϡ
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Ȥĺ֡
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˻ġĺ
һڣƺо˱١
ŶСǡ
ǡ˻ʵС
˿̡Ӱ࣬ʮѡ
ˡԯ껵ȴǿߣȴǴ󲿷ֽڡ
쾵ڴ룬ͶŶһĻĻ
ʮ˫Ŀ⾲ţϷƽ֮ǲĵĮϣ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
ԾſʼϢ󣬵ڣȥɡ
˵˷׷׵ͷֿһ۹쾵Ӱʧ
ŵ˻ʵУֻʣ˵һˡ
ĮȻĿɿŹ쾵ҲɵĲ
˻С֮ء
ֻι״ȻϢԵ֣ء
Ծſʼˣı֮¡ҲԾûнǰ㿪ʼҪʱ׼Сһֻ
ģһ׼ˡ

˻һĵء
û뵽뱾֮ա
죬ʼɡһ˿ΪĺɫУƽ͵֡
ǡ

ء
ǿԾŵʢ
ڴصÿһ̣·Ũһ֡
Ծſʼûжã࣬ʼɡ
Ŀ˸Ҳû˵ʲôһͷһӰʧ
ʱ
ʮ޽ɣǧλ׼ʥǿߡ
ЩԼڶຣǿǣžء
ĺȱǿߡ
ЩģҲֻһֶѡ
Լ彻õ
μʣЩǿ׷
šӦϵȲʣʱһӱʵ
Щǿ߸Ӿɲû˸ҷӦ¡
ֻ֪һ㣬һεԾţͬѰ
ûǵɻûǸʱ飬Ծš
кЩȡ
ˣ
輸գռ龫ѪľѪôֹˡ



719 
޴ĿŲ˲Ĳƺ̺ơ
ĵȴ׼Ҫһˣ
һĨȻ֮
̫ǡ
ûм޵¹֮ϣվؾһȱλŮӡ
ʦ֪ͥʱ֣϶һλ濿ŶȻֻһ˿ĺ֮⡣
ʵȻ嶫Ϸ顣
϶ʵܡ
̫ǹâʮأЩâ϶ܿ嶫ϵԾʢ¡
濽϶֮Ҳܿˡ
϶ɫ˿䣬ֻ°Ŀһ޵ķ
ԾŶ棬ͥ־һͳأЩ
ҡҲûжֵɡġ
䡢ޱö
Եף˫գ£ƽҲֻ֪Σ
϶Ŀƺһ˿ɵĵĮƽܸоһˡ
ʦ⡢Ȼˣ
Ҳڿδˣ

ֻ֮ء
ǰһƬĻԾž
һԣ״Ӱ
ӰҲһֵɷϢѾΪ۵ĻƷɻ˵λס
ϧǻû׼򡢵ǿԳûôǹտŹĻ
嶥ǰµĿ⣬ǳû׹Ǻʱ
ȴû׼ãھ׹
뷨ģֹǣ»ֵġ¶ЩЦ⣬ת
λĬϣĿв¶ֵ˼
ͥʵȷǿᣬҪԿģͥĳ֣ҲȱϯСáʱˡճȵ
ĺͷϷ鿴Ϸȴǲͥɱˡƴˡ

Ծѵһʢ¡һУΨһͬģǻ˱ǿĿ⡣
ҲһϢѹϢ
ǰ̱ѹѹҲѹϢһţ·ûмޡͷ
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ű貵ĹâҲŨࡣ
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ˣ
ǡ
һλλ룬ǿһ̣ĿɵǿϢЩܿƵķ
һξѪšβסļڴ֣ء
ȴ׼ʥ޽ɻûзӦͼӦǿſһξѪŶȥ
УҲҵſһεξѪȥ
תۣЩѪû֮С

˲䣬֣Źâһһϣһǿ𣬽ЩԾŵȫ˳ȥ
һ̡

һͳԶ·ʱվͷʮشȥ
ͻȻ䡢ƺˡ
ĺУڶԼӵ֮Ѫ顢һڣķӿ
ȴڹ˲ĵرȫȥ
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ڸ
ҡҪɹ
֮ϣ΢΢һЦͿ޷
죬׼һۣƽ
أͣ±չأ׷׿򶫺
У˫𣬲֪Щʲô

һλλϢ𲨶Բƽ
ŶϵţĿͶ˳Ƿ
ͥ޶ԣ
û˻š
Ҳţ֮ȴ
ӦةԪǿߣԼڶ׼ʥ۴ע֮С
΢΢Խ߰Խʵ
һѾȲҪԾء
˻Уص𣬡ˡ׼
š
ء
ȤԽԽȤˣ
̶ʮϢȴ쳤ؾá
ǿ߷ѾʱԻ
䣡

𶯶֯
ϿգһɫĹۣԽԽֱ񷡣
һޱȾ޴ĽɫӰг֣ʵơ

ĺУÿһλ˻͸ױȵϲáܡ

Լڶڶ㡣
λ˷ͬʱҲص¡
ͥҪˣ
Ǿٵȥдڽ֪
һ˫˫Ŀⶼޱءȴٺƻڴ
ɣԽС
ϢһƽԶ
Ҫƽ⡢ȴǹˡ
ͬһʱ̣һֱѹ޾աͨȥٶȿľˡ
ߣˡ㰲ߣ޴צ̽ľ룬ֱǰݺץ˹ȥ
䣡
ɻذײ𶯣ֱӱ
֪



720 ޻ʡħ
֪
߸ϣһֱж¡
һɫᴩʣɱ֮նɫ
ԯ
һŭȣӦةࡢ桢λԪǿˮ
ĸ߲ʵλԪǿߣߡ۽УʵԵǰ
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Ȼһ˲䣬һֻ޴ȭͷӾ£ݺԯϡ
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Ĺɻ֮Ҳûκ˿ļ
ͬʱطһЩĿˡ
ڴϲá
սˣ׼
ǡ

ϡ
̩ʣǹˡӰ֣ƽĿֳͬεԯеԴԴӿȥ
졣ԯһȴҲûж˵˼ֹΪУ˭ϡ
˫Ĺϵʹﵽݵĵزûʲôö˵ġ
лѳһ
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漴ŭӷˣȵͥ˳֣ĪҪ塢һͳģ
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ǳԣ˾Ȳ塣

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ھ붫ԶһУ׼һۣ׼
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ԯĻǶ˳׼
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Ϊûͥǿ߳ˣ
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ڲ̸ޡԹʱ
ͥǴУҷ¡
ĿһһĨĸȤζ
ԽԽȤˣ



721 Ĵγ
Уɫ״Щ仯
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ûʲôɵɱ֮ġ
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ǣ˵ЦˣҵֵΪβҳ֣ڤЦ𣬲Ųһж֮С
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֪Ҫ쾪ǿߣھڤеλԪ³
ǿǻʱ𣿡ڤмЦ֡
ãǾͿ˭ǿվ޵Ҳױ
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ͻȻڤеλԪϢ֣ƴǣݺѹǿվޡ
漴ǰһһĨ֣·ٵһ㡣
ݺݴǿվ޴



722 ͥҪʲô
Ȼֻ֣ǿվѾûлٶ˵ʲô
磬ڤеλԪֵĳɵ󣬳ǿϢһ
Ѫ¾ʮء
Ԫ󡢳ǰ
޴ޱȵУһλĻԪǿߡˣ
ǰǿսڶӰһ٣֮д
ţŨޱȵɱ⡣
Ҫնɱڤ
϶𡢶ķԪȴڣսȥ
طڶԪڣĿͶȥ
졣
ˣ
ҡĿʼˣ
սԭأڤǿվ޵ʬ塣
Ųæķȥ
ƺڶԪǿǼٸ
𣡡
ڤ
ˣ

޺ŭ쳹ǳ죬һӰžڤȥλ
λʣµĻԪǿվ⣬λһȦӵģĸ֮һ
һġ
϶𡢶ķԪλЩĻԪ澳ǿߣС
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Щ
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컰СӰ졣
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ڽţûֹҲû˲֡
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۳ǷǹɰԾءѹһеϢȻڳǡ
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ƽȴҲⲻһ˿ء
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ͥ
ΪӡԪʼҲΪͥ
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Ӧáʼˣ
ǣȻ̧˫ۣĿʱ޾ա
ƺ˫۾֮¡
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ûֹܹ¡

սܾˣײɽĴص֧šɽ
Ĵû֧ţѹϮ
㡣
Ĵسܲסѹѿγޡ
ɢ硣
ؼ֮ʱʥնɱ꣬֫Ϊģĸ֮
ϲɽ󣬲ɽ壬γ
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̩ɽɽɽɽԼɽ
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ΪѾֱޱҲܺ
٣񣬲ͥЭת
֮أȻٲҲһռߡ
岿ֲ֮ʱͬʱһӰ



723 Ŀ꣺
̩ɽ
ڶʤ룬ֱ߲
ƴһ磬ڶʤϣҲں֮С
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һԪǿ߼ʹǿҲ벻ˡ
ʱѱΪһѪ̶
Ѫ̶Բף˷һ˿˿ѪҺϻ۵Ѫ̶֮С
ЩѪҺ̺һֶµ
׺嫡ءս
Ѫ̶ĴһѪ롣
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ƽֹ龰֪˶ãȻ䣬ˡ
䣡
̩ɽ͵Ļζǿк̩ɽ󷢳쳣ǿҵĲֱ顣
ʤ֮ţһӡֻʣ֮ά
֮ҲڳżΪ͵Ĺҡҡ׹һ̱Ҫѵơ
ֹ̩ɽͬһʱ̣ɽɽɽɽͬ顣
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һգ׹һŭ۷˶ˣ򱱾«޶ȥ

ء
Ŀһۡ
ЩȻ˵ĵѡ񡣡
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ȷǺѡ
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Ҫ壬ǿУ
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껳ϣջ֮һΡ
껲⣬̧ȭͷҴԶǳ֣ûģ˭ҲȲǡ
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ִ졢ǵصĴռŻӿɱ󷨽ֵʮ֧塣



724 ǿЦ
ֵ֡ȵȵƮ
ʮ֧һȾţʮ֧Ⱦţ֧Ⱦš
ʮڴγɺ嫵ĺƲɵݺɱء
󷨽磬ѾֱӺơ
ɱ
ɱ

̾ǾȻ壡
ɣɱУ
սս

ŭһӴ·ʯֱϿյ̾
սĻֱҲԶδָԪ
ôҲǳ˲ǿߵġ
һλλ׼ʥǿ׺֣Ϊ׵ġʮ֧ͷ֮ˡ
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ϧǻûзӭ˴̾ǿߡ
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׼ʥߵȲεʵʮλ
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ɱ죬ѾķѵǣҲû취
λײԼͬȥͶǻûɹ֮С
䣡
ĺϿޱɷ֮˷ֱۣѪ֮С
Ѫ̶еѪҺҲӿѪ룬ɢ岿˸޷ֵ塢׾ѪһǿѪ֮С
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ԯȴסһߣҲδؾܹ˳ˡ
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һ㶼Ǵ֣ȻҲҲôѡ
ôҲӰ쵽Ԫǿߡ
ޡħǿ߲˵ͥˣǶȥ塣
ʣµģڤһ֣Ȧӵġûˡ
ȦģһҲûС
˼Ҳ̾ͥ˾֮
ֻ˷ˡԯޡħ塢ڤ˼ס˾󲿷ǿߡ
޷֣ʣµġ
ҪģʹɹԴԿͥȱ
ˣ˭Ըͥ
ҲԸ
λҪǰöһ룬ðΪˣֵֵãȻ˵ڵ
ƽ£ǼΪǿš
ԭһпͲֵǿ΢Ҫ֡
ôǿ߶סˣȥԮ壬ҪԵľ岻֪ĵĵػʡۡ棬Ǿ档
µģɲ˻ʵ
ûԼȥ塣
λѲõģͥҲûжˡڣ䲻ͥȴҪȫ壬ڱס
ŵҪԸλףλԪȥѹģмλ
ػũȻ˶Ը˻ʵͬ˶Ըкκõĵģ
ȻˣβȥԣԯЦ
˫ͫ΢У̹Ȼͥңػܶ
ǡԯЦһٷһԡ
Ҳٶ˵ЩԪǿȻѡ
ȻУǰ
ܴﵽԪ֮ûɵӡ
ʹֵͥʵ㹻ǵѹ
ΪҪƴ壿
ĻҲδزɳ֡
塢ޡħ壬졣
ڶǿҲֻʣЦ



725 峼
ЦУһƬž
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741 
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ũۣɨڣҴ£ͣڤ֮¾ǺҴһʱλѲҪ֡



750 ǨƱ
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ΪΣ϶ü֮Ũ
Լʮǳ춼ô⣬鷳
㺮̫֣Ѿ㹻



751 Тǰ̫
ʮǳ죬ûô
ЩˣֻҪһ룬͸оһ鷳ϲ
Щˣǿ㺮⡣
һЩ󣬲˵ȫƲϣҲѹ¾鷳˼
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㺮ǿ㺮ݺ£ͥҲδ
ֻϣֿܵͥˡ
㺮ɫٱЩΨ濾ţɫ˿䡣
Т䣬һЦɽ˶𣿡


752 ǿ
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Цһѣҹ㺮ûͥΪУ
Тüͷ壬ӡ˻⣬ȴġ
ûмλͥΪУ֮ͥҰģŹȺ
㺮䲻룬ͥȴȻŹ㺮
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Σҹ㺮Ȼᡣ
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ʱǳ֣㺮֮ʱ
ֻ취ƺãȴǾչ㺮׳;
ֻܵȴȨͥⲻҪġ
̾һѹЩ˼ĿͶǳС֮ĸ

ǳӿһƬ
ھڤֺûлԪ֮ĽսɱҲ಻
ޱ𣬹㺮ķ̲ɽȴᶨɵ̡
趯֮£ɱ񣬺ĸչ£ҲĿͶǳ졣
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һɨϢ꣬Ŀƽ޲֪ˣ֪˼
Σ˿ɲЦֿⷺʧǴûг֡
Ŀ켣ǳ죬¶һĨ




753 ʱ
Ŀתƣ嫴ӡС
̴ڲϳ֣«Ǭ
ʱ䣬ЩȻȥ˴룬ҲŴǨƹȥ
ԴȶԺ󣬾һֱڹ
ʱ̣ȴѷֹ
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Ϊţ޾ͥڱصõĵط
ټλʥ˵ǿƱػᶥڶԿͥǰ
ͻȻ֮תôЩȷ
ʵҲûõѡˡüȻ
ĬϷһֱû֪Щʲô
ԣ
λΪ̣дչͼ֮⣬ڤһ
ǰЩʱڤЩĺҡ
ǲô³ͥԿ£Ҳȷ޴·ߡ
ҿǲ½ۣҲţսң⡣
ĸı⣬Ϊβҵϵҵ֧֣õţ޸װɡ
õţޣҪԸ⶯֣Щ治෴ԣּɡ
Ȼȷ׼ȷ뾭顢֮£оЩԡ
常᲻λͥ̽ȷ
пܡһͷҪ׳ֲ̣ҪԿͥԲϵҲʽ֣սң̽һ
λıߣ̣ƤҲǼ񣬻пܡ


758 ʱ䡢Ҳ
ٿɡưĺϷĿԵ͸˼ȻҲȷ
ͷûٶ˵
ʥǵȲεĴڣһһУǸĪ⣬˭Ҳܲ͸˼
ڲ²ٶ࣬ٳ㣬ҲǴġ
õѡ
ɲʦ˭İһϢŭ˿˿ü֮⡣
ʣĿǰΪֹֻ鵽һ壬ͥѲ棬Ҳįվвٵ̣Ϊʦ棬ǿ߶ǰȥ
޽ڤӣܿѾ֡Ȼ
ع飬һʤһգĺȻҪûС
˶⣬ʧض֣꣬ӵйͬĴѹţ̫ܶԽչǳ
Ҫģʦ
ԭʦƴ£ʦˣ֧ʦԿ塣
нЩ֪ðǿߣȻֵס
塢ڤӡһĿ΢䣬мΪ˾ܶԿ壿
£ƺʲôһӴԱԱΪһĿꡣ
̣ɫ¡
֣ǡ֣ʵ
ԽǼһġ
һԱΪһĿ꣬еĺɾͶˡ
ȣɱľͻϺȱȣ塢ħ˶
Щ൱ڷϺˡ
治ɫϵ桢޲TʸռһҲǲ˵ġ
ΣǱ˴˼ˡվҪһͥǴС
ĬһǵȻ֪ɾôϺȴǸԸ⡣
ȻôõҲǳ룬㹻Ĵۣ롣
ҲҪԶҪ޲Tֵ
޲TΪǼĸ֮ء
ͬ޲TʸΪѣһ
ˣֻһֻԶȥܾˡ
Ȼô򵥵ľȥһҲǲܵġ
ǡӦ£仹ǲģΪء
һ˱춨±¡һµ
ɡֱͬ⣬ֵţ֮Ҳһܷ£Ը𡣡
ǡʡ΢΢һ

Ϻڤȵȸڣ޲Ϊ֮¶𶯡
Խеʱ䣬Ϸ˭ҲԲܺӵȻҲɲòøӡ
ͬΪ̫ӣû˸ֻضţţԽҵĻս
ʮ
ɽ֮У׼Ἰͬһʱ˫ۣĿ⽻ӣȻġ
죬ƶɮʦֵʧˡȻڡ
ǰԶâ֣·һռ֣ͨһЩõӰ
Цʥ˿ˣóȻ٣޴˲ǡ
ӷ𣬵Ը֮ҡ׼Ц
һӰɫЦλʥˣ˴ǰʵʡ
뽲׼᲻ɫ
֪ʥοţ޽֮ңֱʵ
ĬһϢƽй򣬵ֺαضѰ
ȷʥйˡ̾˼֣¹شλɲòӣʥ˼¡
ްһҡͷ
ĿƬ̣֣µʥ˲Ը˵ȻöʣֻǻʥԴΪء
ӷ𣬵ѷġ׼ûԥӦ
¶Ц⣬λѾͷˣʥޣ޸ǡ
롣˫ֺʮ
âӰϢʧ
׼ῴʦ֣ĹϵԽӽˡ
ԴӾºǾһֱڵŸǰѯǡ
ֻЩϵǣǰ죬˸
еĺɲ򵥡
ʱ䡢ҲˡĬһᣬɲĿ⿴˶
׼ɫһҲ˶üͷЩƺʲôΪش顣
Σ̾һǰʱ䡢Ҳǲˡ
ϵԽܣôͥսʱ䣬ҲԽˡ

ͥ
ջͨЩɲ֮⡣
Ǿʲô
ѲͥʲôЭ飿
һˣоЩõԤС
λʥˣֻҪ㹻棬ûʲôģ
üͷ֪ʱѾ÷ʱ´¡
ΣλҲ뿴ͥưԵġ
˫ۿ岿޷򣬼֮ⲼҪˣ
Բٸ̫ͥʱ䡣
ãЩһ֮ͣ⡣
һ˿˼漴ޱ֣ء
λʼղڣҪһֱȥ
Ҫ˹ؼ֮ʱŻ֣
ߡ
ļɵӿȴҲԸͥλҲƲġ
ָԱ߷ϣžĴлص͸ŵǧ˿ơ
֪˶ã˫ۣΰͬʯһ㣬˿

ɽţ޵սҺȻ֮ӿٶȣ̶Ρ
ÿһ춼屻𡢻߳
ۿɼٶȣţϵԽԽ٣ҲԽԽˡ
Ǵ˹ʶֻûв֡
ͥţ޵ս֮С
·̰˺һ㣬̷ֵս
һսϰ꣬ҲǸ۵Ҫԭ
̴ͥԽףԽˣ˺źá



759 Ϲ㺮
ǧ˰ʮ¡
ڴţΪսĳ̶Խ֮ʱҲĬļӿŲ
ħ塢ĿƽȣȻӿ˲٣õʲô˵һЩ谭
ʦģҲԽ󣬱ţϵ˫
طҲˣǧ硢ǧأһ֡ռ졣
˻ʵ
ƺѾһЩЭ顣žĴУͬʱģǷ˵Ӱɫƽ
ͣ˴£û˿֮ɫȻԤϵĵЩ
ħ桢޻Ƕ˲ۣ֮ڶƲߣǵѹһٽ֡ǳ֮£һɡֿ¾ͲԶˡ̾Ŀֱӵ
˵˼ٴμӿȡ
ǧ˼һ䣬׼ˣ
ǡһЦ׼꣬ԭΪ㣬ЩҲʣµġ׼Ҳˡ
£еЩ֣أŵأ
ûлش⣬ʵػʡ̩Σ
Ҳû׷ʣҡͷش·ΪңĿǰΪֹҲܽΨһ֮·
ԶλʵҲһЩ;ǿһЩʵ
ǻû·ϣҲˡ
һ˿ײ֮̾תֻҪԽʢǣԽǿ
͵ԼʶҪǿʢһͳ֮ǰͲܡ
Ҳ˵ڴǿսǰʳɾͲ
ΣûʧԤ֮£վǺýġ
֪ʣûԥٴҡͷ̾ϢǰѰңǰ·塣
ʱȻŮҪͻƵ취Ҳϡ
һֻЩǣ·Ѿȷ
ǻֻǿͻƣҪǿʢĳ̶ȣҲһ
ս֮ǰɾĿԣСˡ
ܵ˵ھսǰܳɾģ˵⣬ֻзһˣ취ǼΪյһ֡
Σû˼ʲô
Ҳûдţȴš
ܾãֺֻǺ䣬ٴ𣺡أ
˽֮⣬ۡ涼ѴﵽƿҪɻʳɵۡ˵ҡͷ˼ǳԣѾ׼ã̴Ѫ֡
ǹͬ뷨ˡɫһ䡣
˵ͷĬϣѵӿٶȣȻ׾ġ
ȷЩǿ߶Ѿ׼ú󣬷õ֪
һ󰲾ɫ䣬ѡһˣ
ѡ񣬼ȻѾһ·ȻҪġƽ
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Цˣţһɹ
ȥ׼ɣʱ֡ҲһЩȡ
Ŀһ֪˾
ӿٶȣսĽǰˡ
ֻҪһ׼Ǿ;Բʱ׼á
ǳǱߣȻ
̩ԣǳɹ
ͣƬ̣֣һͷá
ǺҾͻչأȴϢ
ףûٶ˵Ҳû˵ʲôӰϢʧȥ
飬ѾҪ֣һж
ȥû֪˶١
һ죬ƺһУĿ⿴һš
ţɽУ׼˫ۡ
ǽӵʲôϢס
漴Ŀ⽻㣬˿˿¶
˼УĿˡ
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ɫâ֮£̫ǵһСԵô䣬δ
㺮ڱչ֮е϶ɫһƵ֮컯֮¶֮⣬Եô߸ϡ˫
̻ʲҹ㺮֪кҪ£
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һ̣ŨĽУӰֶ϶֮⡣
ûвԷŭ⣬ƽҪ빬һס
϶ü΢ŭΪԷƽ£ޱȵİԵǿơ
Ҫ롣
ֱûиѡ
ˣǻߣҲȻ˿̡
ĬĬѹһ̻ʺ⣿أ
˫۾ûκܣһ£һǿա
˿䣬¡뿴Ǹ֡
϶֣֮Ѿվ
û㺮Ҵ̣·ΪҴ̹һ֮¡֮ϡ
ǡ϶ŭĳЦ֣ȴɷ·ڡ£Ǳ̻ʿˡ
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֮£϶ֽգ˫һӱסûκ̻ʻȥɣ㺮Ӳ¡
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㺮ԶͥȴҲ˰ڲ϶һһ쳣ص
ɵƽȫԷѾ̵ŭ𣬵Ŀ佱֮ڣ漴Ե֮ǵذ⴦ռ䣬ɾǿΣӲ¼Ҳûӵõ



760 ϶
ʲô˼϶飬д𰸡
һת϶ϣ쳣Եһ𣬱Ǭ֮ʱʮءĺ˻ģ˳˿ӡ
϶һݣһëȻ·ݵĸоȻ
ɵΥֽš־֮С
Ϊ֪Ƿ췽ҹ̷ǰλ̻пǿµһҲҲֻһܡ
ƽϢһ˿Ц𣺡Ǻôģ̻õ𣿡
ܷڲҪҲ϶̺ĳ㺮עӲ˳£ΪС
֮٣ǱǿΪУ˷֮£㲻ɹġ϶䳰֮Ũƽ󣬴ҲΪԷܳɹпֻпܣпܵĸҲ΢С
ޱĺģʵ̫̫ʵλǳ
ͥǿҪĶš
ۿš˵һ䣬ɫ΢֣ˣ
϶ûԥǿӲ̻ʻȥɣ㺮ֺ֮£̻ӲҪȱΪУҲֻˡ
ɵ㺮ܹ⣬λʵ϶ԸҲǲȱٵһݡ
ǿӲЭ
ҪûԸʹҲ鷳
䣬϶϶һɶصĵ̣µ̫һ壬ǳĸоƸ䡢ǿӲ
Ȼöֵ׼
ϸϸһۣڵǺһٸ㼸Ԫʱ䣬δزܴﵽ۾
̻ȡ϶ûһ˿һи̫ڣа߶κá
ĺĵһҲڶʱƷ
ˣ͹ˡ
ǿܵġ
ǿһ֣սҲֻȥ
Ȼ϶ţĵûж˵һ仰̯һƶصĵ̳֣䡢߽࣬϶Ϣ
㡪
鲻Խľէǲ֮⡣
϶˫ɴ󣬾ҵ嫵ķռ䶼
ѾںЩŵϡ
ôܣô̫̣
ƺܵŭ϶ҧһһӣ·Ѿµ˽ֻǲš
ȻȻ濶㱳㡣
϶һĿ濶ʲôϵ
̫̹غƿ̫ǣ仰˵̫̾һԿףһƾ֤
ֻԿƾ֤ʸȥƿ̫ǡ
Էһ⣬̫ǺˣУŽ濵ġ
ĳ⣬ֻ濡ԼС
ˣһҲˣòܣ̫ǵõġ
ûбǰλĻ˶ԷȵزûҪƭ
˫һ֪Ĺϵ
ת֮ǰǹµӣһһڹµ£̫̣ǽ˹£һۼɣ֪Ҳûи߹̫֮¡ŭ
һתĵʮһˣ֮һ϶Ϊӣ濡
̫̼Ϊ£ƿ̫ǵԿףû϶Ը˲ӵУҲˡ
̫̲ǵ϶ģ϶̫̺󣬲ġ
⻹ӵڶǳ죬ʵ磬Լ磬Ų̵֪̫ѵá
ҪǣҪԸ϶̫̱ѵĶ
϶̫̫֮Ϊһ壬ǹ̫ǡ
統ɱۿһʱ췣Ҫˡ
϶ĵ
̫̾ͲͬˣһԿף̫ϣ߽ȥֱӹ϶Կס
Ȼ̫̺٣ȫƿ̫ǵ϶𣬲öþͿԿá
ʱ䣬Եԣ㹻ˡ
ûи̫֮£ǶһҲô⡣
ġԶǸӵġ
ҲӲ׷ȫƿء
ߡ϶һŭΣȴ˿û뱻˱ѣԼ׽ˡ
ȻȽڸ̵̫Ѻ̫ࡣ
ⶼǵģ濶֪û̡̫
ת£ǳ죬׳㺮Ҳ˼ˣǺü㡣
ʱȥ濵һЩٶҲ쳣ˡ
£Щǳ죬׳㺮Ȱġ
˼϶Ϊһ̡
㺮õЩǳ죬ǿ⣬ֻҪͥõͺá
ֻͥù㺮ЩǳȻҲ͵ͥС
Խ룬ŭԽӿƽϢˡ
ɵ⻹ǵһȫŪڹ֮ϣ˱ӡ
ҧŭɵԽԽ
Ѿͷĺ
Ĭϣѹ·Ȼһ㣬𣬵ˣ
Ǻǡ϶ЦмвˣΪˡͻ᳼룬Ҫ֡⡣
ʹɣΣ
ǿ֮ʱѡ񳼷Ҳǿ߲ᣬ϶Ǻߡ
û⣬Ԥϰ㡢ƽǷ·ûκֵܹİԵǿƣ²ɱ㣬עǹµӡ
϶Ŀ΢䣬ҧгݵ̻ʣĵһǿߣҲǿ𣿡
Ҫģûܹܾ
㡪϶޲̶֣뼰̫̣סˣҲֻȡˡ
ֽֽ˼ǧͻȻһ˿ǵЦ⸡֣ŵЦΪˣҲǲԡ
һɫĿ϶
ҪӦһ϶΢ЩڣȻزȥ
˵³϶ʸҪ
㺮̫֮Ԫʵһӡ



761 һ쵽
ЩƮһڣµ˰ȥ°΢̧ȻҪͥĵۺ󡣡
ĿһЩϣȴҲ֮С
ҪôҪҪõģֻҪΪͥۺ󣬱һȻҲͥġ϶ǵЦŨ˼֣ˡ
ͥӣ⡣
ͥۺǡȤġ
ܳΪͥۺ
˼ǧתԽ롢ԽȤ
һ£ɫµĵۺ󡢿ɲô׵ġ
ʲô˼϶ЦһգתĿĶ˿˿תʸ𣿡
ȻµĴ޵С˫Ϊ̵ۺȻҲҪ˫
䣬е˼ɣ϶ڵȷ
Цһŭ϶ȴҲЩ㣬ʲô˫Цֱ˵ʲô԰ɡ
ټĺģλŮӸ˵Լ˫
ǿʥŮ洣ҲкԱ⡣
˵̲еۺ
ȥΪ֣صĳ˼һ£˿˿תҴʱĴ̣Դ˹ʾɡ
ʱ϶ͫ΢飬Ժأ
֮ɡûκԥȻȴ쳣ȻҲޱȵİ©
϶һ𣬺ȻЩ֪˵ʲô
ʹ԰ʾãһᵽ
֮
ʱĴ̺ԺĴ̣˫
ʱԲ˵ԺġҲֻгưԺĵĴ̣еʸ֮Ϊۺ
ϸϸŵϢ϶˿ĳ嶯̲סôаգ
ưԺģǿߵлˮµ
ǿЦˡ
ĿԴԲȥһ̣ڡ¶ЩЦ⣬ǿҵţ·һԸ컻ء
϶תĿ⣬мһ£ۿ㾿ʲô̶ȣ
ЦŨһ֣֪϶ͬˡ
ǰ¶Щ̣Ժ˵
ҲЩ򲻵֮ʱԸ⶯֣ǿѹ϶
ɢȥе̫̣ʧģ͹ˡ
ѹЩĲáƣʲôʱ򣿡
ˡĿ΢΢תƺƿ޾գǿյһͷ
϶üǲʲô
ӣڳ㡣
϶ûĬϡ
Ӱⷺ𣬿ʼ黯ͻȻ϶°𣺡Ҫ˵ġ
΢٣һȻʱȡ
䣬ΰӰʧ
϶ĬԭأΣŻƽϢһèץƵҧгݡ
Ѿͷ

һºһΪף̫ǣʼԹ㺮Ϊ׵нա
죬Ϊ
󣬵ǧ˰ʮա
˻ʵǰӰ
ˡũԯ
ȥɡžУƽ³֡
ũԯһͷƽĿУһּǰδеľȻӰʧ
ʱиӼž
ӰƬ̣㡢Ҫ׼𣿡
㹻ˡȻص
΢ɲ̾һΪ£̡Ҳû·ˡ
漴ͬľȻС
û·ǾͲҪˡ
ģ˶û˵ڵȴʲô·
ͬʱǿ֮С
Ͻǡ
ʮſǳУ䲻ǰУȴҲ֮ȡ
ޱ£ǳ죬ڣϽǡ
䱾ǳ΢ǣѱռ
ޱ۶ȫԼ£ڶǳ졣
Զ̡㺮ȣƾĵ̣Լǿٵ֧֡
ҲֳƣΰƬǿգ̡㺮ǿա
һ̣Ϣ֮䣬ΰӰϽ֮⡣
һɫۣһɫۡ
ģϡʰϢת
֡һְɡԯЦ
һ졢վˣũ̾һĨ֮¶
ԯҲЩӣһ졭
ǧǰûһ졣
ǧʱ䣬ԣҴһ˲ȴꡢʮ궼ûйѹ
֪͵һ졣
ͻȻģ˼һֻ֮С
Ϣ֮Ŀ⽻㣬һЦ
̹ȻšޱȵľȻ
һ̣ԯũͬʱ֣صĺȻɽȻк
䣡
Ͻ˲ʱ׼һӰ
ũԯ
𾪵ըֱǿû
ͬһʱ䣬Ǻ嫵ƺ֮ը졣
һһطһ˫һ˫۾𾪡ɱȵȵȵȡ
ͥ
ɫһ䣬
俴һ޷򣬼ϽǸȥ
ĸǡ
Ϻħϣֱʡ
޺ƺصŭ𣬵ǿա
㻯֪伸Ҳռ䡣
ڤ硢Ѫ츣أһ˵ƣʲôһ̶֣ǿա

ڱչصɫ䣬ϡȻ
ԾĶʤݷ

ͬطˣֱ嶫ʤޡ
һǿճȥ
˻ʵ
򶫺һĨЦⷺĨЦ⡢Ĵ̹ǣûκθ飬
գۣͷӰʧ֮С
ա
ֲ嫵ĴڼǰУԵÿռ䶼ڲС
ȴء
ͥˣ
ѵ׼ˣ
˼ٶֿ˼֣ͥóѡ
ʮϢ󣬶Ȼһͷĺǡͷѹ





762 ᡢ
ŭ𶯺ġ
ʮءĺ˻ģһ̣Ŀѭȥ
ڶǿɫ䣬֮Ϯȫ

Ҫսˣ
ء
ͣĿЩɲ뿴Զ
ô죿
һգж΢٣üͷ
ڣ
УҪһЩʱ䡣
˼һ߽Ŷһж˿ͣ
ǿգĿ˸ҧ

۽ߵϽǣת·ȥ
һƣͬľ񣬺ԥȥֻٲּϽǡ
˼ӿžɲ֮⡣
һ̣ЩһһԾ춯صĴڣЩˡ

Ͻǡ
һƬǽ塢ԲﾡԱΪޣֵũԯޱʹΣʱ̣Ҳ̲ס΢㶡
ˣ
ֺͶͬĸ
ҲΪһͳǳ죬֣ζһ㣬ͥҪսˣ
ͻȻʵš
Щ˼ĿũˣȻʲôԸޡǼƻõģҪڴʱս
ũԯһԲũԯâţݺݽޱ֮У
ϢңޱҲֳ˿˿֪ԷҪɱ
Ŀ䣬֮ʢٵļѶȹӲȱƴ
úúãɱޣǾԿܲλѵǰɱޣ
δ䣬Ԧһɫӡũˡ
ŲϢӡ£סȫ
ũԯǳĬֻȵ£ɱԽԽŨ
ˡȻԯ䵭ıĳ֡
šũɨһԶס
Ȼ䣬ޱһɼȵĲΣոоӿƺʲôĶ
Ӱһɲ֮ʢ
ﵽֵزʲôܹ
ûУũԯ֣Ҳڶʱѹ
ֻҪǿͰȫˡ
ûʱȥ룬ԯн貣һϡ·Ҫѹӡ֡
ʱޱͫ׵ɴ󣬻Ӳ

Уﳤ̵Ľɫƾճ֣գѹգԵ嫵ƺס
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һ˲䣬ӡʧû֮С

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Ǭֱ·磬Ҳƽơ
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˵úáɱۿЦԯɱȥڤӡ棬ϣս
һԲֻϵɱһȭ档
Ϻ޲TħЦ۴
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УӦǿ֣߳ûгũɱ򱱺İŮɡ
һ塢ԵúдһĴɱǡ
ƿգĸҲɱ档
ը죬ֱڤ
޻ˣʹǾŸʼֻصĹ²֪ʱˡ
巽۵ĳ𣬽һ˽ᡣĹڤֱϺ۴
ǳ֮𡢾ڤǿУо޽٣ڡ
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ӷƶɮǰΪҪһɮ˳
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ۿλĵĬˡ
תۼ䣬ƺؾޱ䣬һֲϢ֪ð׷ɱĺս
ϡĺڤ硢츣ءǧ磬һλλضǿʱ̲סˡ
Ͼ̫ͥʣûֵܵסջ
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Ҳԣ֣Ҫġ
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776 աǶ
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ԪʼͨĬȻӵ˼һͳĺ󣬻ԽԽǿ
ǼʹͻˣҲǵ֣ǻ˽ⲻٵģʱ֣̹󣬱֮ĵӦûҪһοһͳĺĵ
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̫һ㲻ݵĳޣҲҷغģһߴ̽ǿϢˣһߴ󲿷纣׼ѰŻԵǿ

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˰ٶıڸͻƵ
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ȵһͳģԺĵƿԽԽǿͿԿʼȥƿغ
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һģֵһͬĵĵ·ûʲôϰΨһϰҲǺ̫ˣ˷ʱ䡣
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